bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic Response Analysis of Multiple-Frame Bridges with Unseating Restrainers considering Ground Motion Spatial Variation and SSI
Authors: Shrestha Bipin , Hao Hong , Bi Kaiming
Published: June 2015

Unseating damages of bridge decks have been observed in many previous major earthquakes due to large relative displacement exceeding the available seat length. Steel cable restrainers are often used to limit such relative displacements. Present restrainer design methods are based on the relative displacements caused by the different dynamic characteristics of adjacent bridge structures. However, the relative displacements in bridge structures are not only caused by different dynamic characteristics of adjacent bridge segments. Recent studies indicated that differential ground motions at supports of bridge piers and Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) could have a significant influence on the relative displacement of adjacent bridge components. Thus the present design methods could significantly underestimate the relative displacement responses of the adjacent bridge components and the stiffness of the restrainers required to limit these displacements. None of the previous investigations considered the effects of spatially varying ground motions in evaluating the adequacy of the restrainers design methods. Moreover, the code recommendation of adjusting the fundamental frequencies of adjacent bridge structures close to each other to mitigate relative displacement induced damages is developed based on the uniform ground motion assumption. Investigations on its effectiveness to mitigate the relative displacement induced damages on the bridge structures subjected to spatially varying ground motion and SSI are made. This paper discusses the effects of spatially varying ground motions and SSI on the responses of the multiple-frame bridges with unseating restrainers through inelastic bridge response analysis.
Comparative analysis of NOCT values for mono and multi C-Si PV modules in Indian climatic condition
Authors: Chakraborty Suprava , Kumar Rajesh
Published: June 2015

The power output of Photo-voltaic modules is generally rated at STC (Standard Test Condition), 1000W/m2 irradiance, 25°C temperature and 1.5G Air Mass. But in actual field condition the situation is different from STC. Output of PV module is a function of Irradiance, ambient temperature, wind speed and module temperature. It is well established that power output of PV module decreases with increase of module temperature. So it is important to know the temperature of PV module to determine the reduction in power output due to temperature. Module temperature can be determined if irradiance at that instant and NOCT value of that module is known. This work presents the variation in NOCT value with respect to rated power output of PV module and comparison of NOCT values for same rated power mono and multi crystalline Si modules from various manufacturers. According to this study NOCT value increases with the wattage of PV module. For same rated power modules, NOCT value of mono crystalline Si is more than multi crystalline Si.
Techno-economic analysis of hybrid system (PV/wind/diesel generator/grid) for domestic consumers in balochistan (nokkundi & ormara)
Authors: Niazi Irfan Khan , Khan Muhammad Bilal , Wazir Rashid
Published: June 2015

This paper aims to focus on technical and economical analysis of small scale wind/solar hybrid system for domestic consumers. The analysis is carried out on HOMER II simulation software. Pakistan is one of those developing countries which are encountered with severe energy crises. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a technically and economically feasible system to meet the domestic consumer’s demand, as well as contribute to the central grid. HOMER Energy software is used to analyze different systems and to obtain the most reliable and feasible system for the customer. Simulation was carried out to find an economically and technically feasible system. Sensitivity analysis was carried out with hub height, PV De-rating factor, PV life, Wind turbine life. Change in hub height drastically affected energy production and economic prospect as the main factors of the system. Implementing such type of small hybrid systems on domestic level can be truly helpful to overcome energy shortage.
Life cycle economic analysis of stand-alone solar pv system in India – a relative study
Authors: Das Soumya , Sadhu Pradip K , Chakraborty Suprava , Saha Malayendu , Sadhu Moumita
Published: June 2015

In this paper, life cycle economic analysis (LCEA) of stand-alone solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is performed. It is tested for their commercial prospects in remote regions of India, which do not have a direct access of grid supply. Availability of grid supply depends on the population density. Solar PV technology is one of the first among several renewable energy technologies that have been adopted worldwide for meeting the basic needs of generation of electricity particularly in remote areas. Overall lifetime expenditures related to the power projects are analyzed and compared with the help of net present worth (NPW) theory. In the context of a developing country like India, it is found that the cost effectiveness of conventional or ‘green’ power driven sources depends on kW rating of generators and daily demand of consumers. The demand coverage, which would determine the commercial viability of renewable and non-renewable sources is calculated considering the practical power rating of generators available in the local market. This study is intended to assist planning of financial matters with regard to installing small to medium scale electric power generation using solar PV module in remote areas of India.
Evolution of atmospheric aerosol particles during a pollution accumulation process: a case study
Authors: Niu Hongya , Hu Wei , Pian Wei , Fan Jingsen , Wang Jinxi
Published: June 2015

The characteristics of fine aerosol particles were investigated at an urban site in Beijing during an atmospheric pollution accumulation process. The organics, sulfate and BC were the dominant components in fine particles in the clear air, and the concentrations of organics, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium increased during the haze formation. The mass concentrations of primary species (chloride and BC) in the clear air were similar to those in the haze. The morphology, mixing state and aging status of fine particles in the clear air were different from those in the haze. Accumulation secondary particles were detected with high frequency and accumulation secondary particles with coating were rare in all the samples. The frequency of soot particles with coating in the clear air was lower than that in the haze. The number ratio of accumulation secondary particles to soot containing particles changed from 3:1 in clear air to 2:3 in the haze. These results indicated that the number frequency of accumulation secondary particles decreased while that of the soot containing particles increased with the air pollutants accumulating. The core-shell ratio of coated soot particles ranged between 0.1–0.6 was 62% in the clear air, and 82% in the haze. The mode sizes for the core and the shell of soot particles were 0.35 μm and 0.55 μm in the clear air, and 0.35 μm and 1.0 μm in the haze, respectively. The mean diameters of the core and the shell were 0.3 μm and was 0.6 μm in the clear air, and 0.4 μm and 1.0 μm in the haze, respectively. These results indicated that with the air pollution accumulating, the frequency of accumulation secondary particles decreased while the soot containing particles increased. The aging process of soot particles was stronger in the haze, and resulted in greater hygroscopicity for soot particles in the haze.
The Effect of Ball Carrying on the Sprinting Speed of International Rugby Union Players
Authors: Barr Matthew J. , Sheppard Jeremy M. , Gabbett Tim J. , Newton Robert U.
Published: June 2015

Speed is considered to be a highly valuable ability in rugby union. One unique aspect of rugby is that players need to be effective at sprinting while carrying a rugby ball. Previous research reported that amateur club players were slower while sprinting with the ball, than without. The purpose of the current research was to examine how sprinting while carrying a ball affected the sprinting speed of international rugby players. Twenty-six international players performed 6 × 40 m sprints under three conditions: Ball One Hand (B1H), Ball Two Hands (B2H) and No Ball (NB). Timing gates were placed at the 0 m, 10 m, 30 m and the 40m mark of the sprint. The 0–10m was used to examine initial acceleration; 30–40 m was used to examine maximal velocity and the 10–30 m section to analyze the acceleration up to maximal velocity. Comparisons were also made between backs and forwards. Backs were found to be faster than forwards at each of the splits for the NB, B1H and B2H conditions (0.04 – 0.08 s, p<0.0001 – p=0.015, d=0.88 – 1.35). The results of the study showed only trivial and small differences (1–2%) between the B1H and B2H conditions with the NB condition. The decrements in speed from the B2H conditions were much less for the international players when compared with previously reported data from amateur club players. Coaches working with rugby players should regularly incorporate sessions focused on speed development, as well as including B1H and B2H as part of a speed testing battery.
Determining the Structure and Evaluating the Role of Technical-Tactical Elements in Basic Table Tennis Playing Systems
Authors: Munivrana Goran , Furjan-Mandić Gordana , Kondrič Miran
Published: June 2015

A method of collecting data was developed in order to establish the overall structure of technical-tactical elements in table tennis and to evaluate their role in basic playing systems. For this purpose, a measuring instrument (a questionnaire) was formulated in order to collect the large quantity of empirical expert knowledge of eight top class table tennis trainers. On the basis of analysis of the experts' scores, the hierarchical structure of the technical-tactical elements in table tennis was obtained, which showed that the whole group of technical-tactical elements forming the table tennis technique can be divided into three basic groups: a group of technical-tactical elements (A) used in the phase of preparing one's own and disabling the opponent's attack; a group of technical-tactical elements (B) used in the phase of attack and counterattack; and a group of technical-tactical elements (C) used in the phase of defence. The relations between the obtained groups of technical-tactical elements and their role in three basic playing systems (Attack in the table zone, Attack from a half distance, Defence) were analysed by comparing the average values of the expert's scores.
The Relationship between Physical Motor Skills, Gender and Relative Age Effects in Young Austrian Alpine Ski Racers
Authors: Müller Lisa , Müller Erich , Kornexl Elmar , Raschner Christian
Published: June 2015

The Relative Age Effect (RAE) refers to an over-representation of athletes born early in a selection year. The aims of this study were twofold: to test the presence of RAE depending on the gender and age in young alpine ski racers, and to test the influence of the level of physical motor skills on RAE. We investigated 989 participants of the entrance exams of three Austrian ski boarding schools, examined their birth dates and tested three different physical fitness abilities. Chi2-tests revealed significant RAEs for the total sample (χ2=23.81; p<0.001**), as well as for participants of both genders, children aged 9–10 and adolescents aged 14–15 years. No gender or age specific differences were shown in relation to the extent of the RAE. The results indicate that the level of the tested physical motor skills does not influence the RAE. The selection at the entrance exams did not reveal RAEs; consequently, a substantial portion of the selection of relatively older athletes in the talent selection process has been completed before the entrance into a ski boarding school.
Effects of an Extrinsic Constraint on the Tennis Serve
Authors: Mendes Pedro C. , Couceiro Micael Santos , Rocha Rúben , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Martins Fernando Manuel Lourenço , Mendes Rui Manuel , García Juan Pedro Fuentes
Published: June 2015

This study analysed the extrinsic constraint of induced aerodynamic flow (IAF) on the first serve by expert tennis players with temporal organization of the movement, as well as the velocity and amplitude of the racket motion analyzed. Twelve expert right-handed tennis players voluntarily participated in this study. Each player performed 20 trials without IAF and another 20 trials for each different speed configuration of induced cross-wind: 2.4 m/s; 4.3 m/s; 5.8 m/s; and random speed. The coefficient of variation, r-pearson test and the inferential test one-way ANOVA were used to compare movement data. The results suggest spatio-temporal adjustments depending on the wind speed. Moreover, statistical differences were identified on both the temporal organization of the serve and on the racket's motion amplitude and velocity. The intra- and inter-individual variability of the motor behavior shows the uniqueness of the serve movement of each player.
Influence of Zinc Coating to a Temperature of Steel Members in Fire
Authors: Jirku Jiri , Wald Frantisek
Published: June 2015

This paper describes effect of hot dip galvanizing of steel structure surfaces to temperature of steel members in the fire conditions. Temperature of the set of specimens was measured during the second fire test at experimental building in Veseli nad Luznici. Experiment results show, that the zinc coating can reduce temperature in steel members especially in the first fifteen minutes of the fire. The paper describes specimens, which were used for fire test, shows testing procedure and compares measured temperatures of specimens with and without zinc coated surface. The paper also describes the process of analytical evaluation and based on the results of this evaluation specifies value of the surface emissivity for zinc coated steel members in the fire conditions.
Observations from Preliminary Experiments on Spatial and Temporal Pressure Measurements from Near-Field Free Air Explosions
Authors: Rigby Sam E. , Tyas Andrew , Clarke Sam D. , Fay Stephen D. , Reay Jonathan J. , Warren James A. , Gant Matt , Elgy Ian
Published: June 2015

It is self-evident that a crucial step in analysing the performance of protective structures is to be able to accurately quantify the blast load arising from a high explosive detonation. For structures located near to the source of a high explosive detonation, the resulting pressure is extremely high in magnitude and highly non-uniform over the face of the target. There exists very little direct measurement of blast parameters in the near-field, mainly attributed to the lack of instrumentation sufficiently robust to survive extreme loading events yet sensitive enough to capture salient features of the blast. Instead literature guidance is informed largely by early numerical analyses and parametric studies. Furthermore, the lack of an accurate, reliable data set has prevented subsequent numerical analyses from being validated against experimental trials.

This paper presents an experimental methodology that has been developed in part to enable such experimental data to be gathered. The experimental apparatus comprises an array of Hopkinson pressure bars, fitted through holes in a target, with the loaded faces of the bars flush with the target face. Thus, the bars are exposed to the normally or obliquely reflected shocks from the impingement of the blast wave with the target. Pressure-time recordings are presented along with associated Arbitary-Langrangian-Eulerian modelling using the LS-DYNA explicit numerical code. Experimental results are corrected for the effects of dispersion of the propagating waves in the pressure bars, enabling accurate characterisation of the peak pressures and impulses from these loadings. The combined results are used to make comments on the mechanism of the pressure load for very near-field blast events.
A Study to Assess the Use of Cylindrical Bars as Blast Barriers
Authors: Niollet J.E. , Yuen S. Chung Kim , Nurick G. N.
Published: June 2015

This paper presents the results of an experimental study to assess how cylindrical bars placed between an explosive source and a target plate disrupt the blast wave impinging on the target plate and its blast mitigation capabilities by means of the deflection of the structure. The blast barriers disrupting the blast wave were made from 25mm diameter mild steel solid bars and laid out in six different arrangements to provide different levels of disturbance. In the planning phase, a numerical investigation using LS-Dyna was carried out to provide insights of how the pressure waves interact with the barriers and to investigate the effect of other arrangement of the bars. The blast tests were carried out using a blast tube on a ballistic pendulum with six different charges ranging from 20g to 70 g used for each barrier configuration. The target plates were square Domex 550 steel with a 2 mm thickness and an exposed area of 200 mm × 200 mm. The results showed that placing a barrier between a charge and a target structure may have attenuating effects or more damaging effects depending on the location and number of barriers. For the set of experiments carried out, the placement of the bars with respect to the explosive charge appeared to have a greater influence on the response of the target plate compared to the number of bars used.
Inertia Effect on Buckling-Induced Auxetic Metamaterials
Authors: Shen Jianhu , Zhou Shiwei , Huang Xiaodong , Ruan Dong , Xie Yi Min
Published: June 2015

Auxetic metamaterials have enhanced indentation and penetration resistance due to their high shear strength and modulus. Its auxetic performance under dynamic loading cases is an important property for shields and armour applications. In the present study, compressive tests at different impact velocities on buckling-induced auxetic metamaterials were conducted for two different initial geometries. A photographic technique was applied to measure the Poisson's ratio. When the dynamic data were compared with those of quasi-static experiments, it was found that the negative Poisson's ratio for the buckling-induced metamaterial is sensitive to the rate of loading, while the negative Poisson's ratio for the metamaterial with initial auxetic behaviour is insensitive to the loading rate. It was also found that the deformation pattern is similar to that in the quasi-static loading condition when the impact force measured by the test machine is dominated by the inertia force of the metamaterials.
Research on the Close-In Flow Field Characteristics of Spherical TNT Charge Bursting in Real Air
Authors: Zhou Fengjun , Sun Yunhou , Sun Xuetao , Zheng Lei
Published: June 2015

In order to describe the close-in flow field characteristics and the propagation of shock wave of spherical TNT charge bursting in real air, the special features of air under high temperature and high pressure are taken into account and a complete set of dimensionless hydrodynamic equations in Lagrangian distance coordinate system is established by using the state equations of real air. After that, a set of transformed hydrodynamic equations in shock moving coordinates is employed to simplify the numerical calculation. Combining the artificial viscosity technique and shock fitting technique, a method for calculating the whole flow field of TNT bursting in real air is developed. As an example, the calculation results are in good agreement with the existing literature, and experiments data shows that the theory established in this paper is suitable for describing the close-in characteristics and calculating shock wave propagation in distance region of TNT charge bursting in real air.
Field Tests on Spalling Damage of Reinforced Concrete Slabs under Close-In Explosions
Authors: Shi Yanchao , Chen Li , Wang Zhongqi , Zhang Xuejie
Published: June 2015

Accidental explosions usually occur near the building structures. In order to protect the building structures against the near explosions, there is an urgent need for the study on the local damage of structural members under close-in explosions. However, the damage mechanism of the structural components under close-in explosions might be quite different from the case of distance explosions. In the case of the close-in explosions, the blast loads acting on the structural components are usually of high reflected peak pressure and concentrate on a local area, causing severe local damage to the structural member. For reinforced concrete (RC) structural members, it is much more complicated that the spalling damage might occur when they are subjected to blast load from close-in explosions. In order to investigate the damage mechanism of typical RC structural members under close-in explosions, field tests are carried out to study the spalling damage of RC slabs under different close-in explosions. The characteristics of the spalling damage of the test specimens are observed and presented. Comparisons are also made and the results show that the spalling damage of RC members under close-in explosions has a basic characteristic of uncertainty. And the increase of the height/diameter ratio of the cylindrical TNT charge will significantly increase the spalling damage degree of the RC slab, although the mass of the TNT charge is unchanged.
Boundaries Extraction from Segmented Point Clouds as Input for Historical Building Information Modelling
Authors: Macher Hélène , Landes Tania , Grussenmeyer Pierre , Alby Emmanuel
Published: June 2015

This paper presents a semi-automatic approach for creating a 3D model from point clouds. The proposed approach consists in the development of two successive algorithms. First, the segmentation of the point cloud in geometric primitives is made based on RANSAC paradigm. Then, in a modelling step, the geometric primitives are used for either surface modelling or boundaries extraction and more particularly sectional view extraction. The whole approach is illustrated with examples of historical buildings. Regarding the results analysis, the developed approach is promising. Finally, potential improvements are suggested and should facilitate the creation of HBIM.
Colour and Space in Cultural Heritage: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Documentation of Material Culture
Authors: Boochs Frank , Bentkowska-Kafel Anna , Degrigny Christian , Karaszewski Maciej , Karmacharya Ashish , Kato Zoltan , Picollo Marcello , Sitnik Robert , Trémeau Alain , Tsiafaki Despoina , Tamas Levente
Published: June 2015

Colour and Space in Cultural Heritage ( www.COSCH.info ) is a transdomain European Action (TD1201) in the area of Materials, Physics and Nanosciences (MPNS). The Action runs from 2013 to 2017 and benefits from the support of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology http://www.cost.eu/domains_actions/mpns/Actions/TD1201 . The Authors are active participants of the COSCH network. They represent different disciplines involved in documentation and conservation of material cultural heritage. COSCH aims to enhance applications of optical measuring techniques and electronic imaging in this area. The paper outlines scientific, theoretical and practical solutions promoted by COSCH. COSCH activities have been organised around six main subjects: (1) spectral object documentation; (2) spatial object documentation; (3) algorithms and procedures; (4) analysis and restoration of cultural heritage surfaces and objects; (5) visualisation of cultural heritage objects and its dissemination; and (6) the semantic development of the COSCH Knowledge Representation. The Authors indicate future work that is needed to resolve the identified scientific, technical and semantic questions, as well as challenges of interdisciplinary communication, to ensure a wider adoption of specialist technologies and enhanced standards in 3D documentation of material cultural heritage — being a basis for its understanding, conservation, restoration, long-term preservation, study, presentation and wide dissemination.
Analogy in Decision Making
Authors: Amarante Massimiliano
Published: June 2015

In the context of decision making under uncertainty, I formalize the concept of analogy: an analogy between two decision problems is a mapping that transforms one problem into the other while preserving the problem’s structure. After identifying the basic structure of a decision problem, I introduce the concepts of analogical reasoning operator and of analogical reasoning preference. The former maps the decision problem at hand into a family of decision problems, which are analogous to the problem under consideration. The latter is the result of aggregating the various analogies. I provide several representations (in decreasing order of generality) of the analogical reasoning operators. After introducing two mild assumptions on the aggregators of analogies, I characterize analogical reasoning (AR) preferences. I give several examples of AR preferences and of the associated aggregators. These include Gilboa-Schmeidler similarities, Choquet integrals, and quantiles. Finally, I show that the class of monotone continuous invariant biseparable (MCIB) preferences (which includes many popular models of decision making under uncertainty) has an important stability property: any MCIB preference is an AR preference; conversely, every AR preference that results from aggregating MCIB preferences is an MCIB preference.
Portfolio Optimization with Quasiconvex Risk Measures
Authors: Mastrogiacomo Elisa , Rosazza Gianin Emanuela
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we focus on the portfolio optimization problem associated with a quasiconvex risk measure (satisfying some additional assumptions). For coherent/convex risk measures, the portfolio optimization problem has been already studied in the literature.

Following the approach of Ruszczyński and Shapiro [Ruszczyński A, Shapiro A (2006) Optimization of convex risk functions. Math. Oper. Res. 31(3):433–452.], but by means of quasiconvex analysis and notions of subdifferentiability, we characterize optimal solutions of the portfolio problem associated with quasiconvex risk measures. The shape of the efficient frontier in the mean-risk space and some particular cases are also investigated.
Vaginal oestrogen for overactive bladder in post-menopausal women
Authors: Ostle Zoe
Published: June 2015

This article asks the question ‘Should nurses recommend vaginal oestrogen for overactive bladder in post-menopausal women?’ The article will review the evidence for use of vaginal oestrogen and consider the potential side-effects and risks. The main finding is that vaginal oestrogen is effective for treatment of overactive bladder in post-menopausal women with vaginal atrophy. However, vaginal atrophy is undertreated. This article identifies some of the barriers that may prevent diagnosis and treatment, and suggests changes in practice. Nurses should take the initiative and ask post-menopausal women about symptoms. Nurses should be trained to examine women, diagnose vaginal atrophy and discuss treatment.
Prensa y partido en el republicanismo progresista: El Porvenir (1882-1885)
Authors: Higueras Castañeda Eduardo
Published: June 2015

El artículo propone un análisis conjunto de los aspectos discursivos, formales y económicos de un periódico político arquetípico de la Restauración. El Porvenir fue el órgano de Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla y del Partido Republicano Progresista. Se trata, por ello, de un periódico de partido y de oposición antimonárquica en una época en la que se impone la prensa independiente y de negocio. Constituye, por otra parte, un caso excepcional por haberse conservado su documentación financiera en el archivo privado de Ruiz Zorrilla. Estas fuentes inéditas convierten a El Porvenir en una herramienta para conocer en profundidad el sector periodístico desde el punto de vista económico, así como la relación de estos aspectos con los fines políticos que un periódico de sus características se proponía.
Antzinako Ostatu-etxe izatetik Bigarren Hezkuntzako Institutu izatera. Bergarako Mintegiaren historia ikasleen ikuspegitik (1776-1860)
Authors: Chaparro Sainz Alvaro , Camino Ortiz de Barrón Igor
Published: June 2015

La villa de Vergara fue el lugar donde se situaron los orígenes del Instituto Provincial de Segunda Enseñanza, un hecho que no resulta casual, puesto que la citada villa se erigió en una referencia obligada en cuanto a tradición docente. Indudablemente, la Real Sociedad Bascongada de Amigos del País (RSBAP), fundada por Xavier María de Munibe —Conde de Peñaflorida— es el principal referente de la configuración educativa de la villa. El Real Seminario de Vergara representó uno de los centros educativos de referencia, principalmente a lo largo del Antiguo Régimen; indudablemente, dicho establecimiento representó uno de los principales baluartes de la renovación educativa de la época, atrayendo a un considerable número de alumnos de los territorios políticamente y económicamente más representativos. El presente estudio pretende abordar una visión global del establecimiento, otorgando protagonismo a los individuos que lo han ido conformando. El análisis de la parte viva del centro, representada principalmente por el alumnado, posibilita adentrarse en el núcleo del mismo e ir conociendo su evolución, así como la forma en que debió responder a las coyunturas históricas a las que debió enfrentarse en el periodo de 1776 a 1860.
La articulación y estrategia de la industria azulejera: de la tradición local a la internacionalización de las actividades
Authors: Gómez López José Daniel
Published: June 2015

La industria azulejera de la provincia de Castellón ha experimentado en los últimos años una extraordinaria expansión en el mercado mundial. Entre los factores que han contribuido a posicionar sólidamente a la empresa azulejera castellonense en los mercados consumidores, cabe destacar, la introducción de nuevos procesos de fabricación, la especialización en su gama de productos tanto en variedades como en formatos y diseños, además de la aplicación de renovadas estrategias de mercado. Se trata de un esfuerzo financiero e innovador imprescindible para competir en un mercado cada vez más globalizado.
La información geográfica en intrarredes corporativas. Aplicación de un SIG para la gestión del campus de la Universidad de Alicante: SIG-UA
Authors: Ramón Morte Alfredo , Sánchez Pardo Ángel , Mira Martínez José Manuel
Published: June 2015

SIG-UA es un proyecto de investigación de Geografía aplicada destinado a la elaboración y puesta en explotación de un sistema de información geográfica (SIG) para la gestión de espacios e infraestructuras de la Universidad de Alicante. El objetivo es demostrar cómo la contemplación gráfica de la información contenida en bases de datos, es decir, su representación cartográfica, es el medio más eficaz para comprender y utilizar estrategias de actuación territorial, ventajas que se ven potenciadas al ser usadas junto a otra forma muy sugerente de consulta de datos, los protocolos de transferencia de hipertextos en una red local de tipo corporativo. En apretada síntesis, los servidores WEB de aplicaciones SIG pueden estar llamados a convertirse en una extraordinaria opción para el control adecuado de los activos inmuebles, tanto en empresas privadas como en organismos públicos.
La calibración instrumental de registros climáticos documentales. Aproximación metodológica a resolución anual para el caso de la precipitación en Barcelona (1521-1989)
Authors: Barriendos Vallvé Mariano , Riascos de la Peña Juan Carlos , Martín Vide Javier
Published: June 2015

La información proxy-data procedente de documentación manuscrita conservada en archivos históricos españoles es especialmente abundante y detallada en lo referente al régimen de precipitaciones. Diferentes métodos de tratamiento estadístico pueden permitir la disponibilidad de estos datos en análisis climáticos. Uno de ellos es la calibración de proxy-data con registros meteorológicos instrumentales de precipitación. Este artículo presenta un ensayo a resolución anual para el caso de Barcelona.
Medidas higienistas y planes de reforma urbana en el tránsito de los siglos XIX al XX en las principales ciudades de la provincia de Alicante
Authors: Ponce Herrero Gabino , Dávila Linares Juan Manuel
Published: June 2015

En el tránsito del siglo XIX al XX, la carencia de viviendas y el hacinamiento son los rasgos más característicos de las sociedades urbanas analizadas, con un corolario de afecciones sanitarias. Tal circunstancia pudo ser paliada mediante planes de urbanismo fundamentados en aspectos higienistas. No obstante, las reformas fueron siempre a remolque de pequeños intereses económicos. La conciencia crítica de urbanistas y pensadores se enfrentó a la inercia de los políticos y a la incapacidad de algunas sociedades de vislumbrar la configuración de una ciudad moderna, a partir de las estructuras pueblerinas en que vivían inmersas. Todo ello hizo que la respuesta a esas carencias acuciantes se viese siempre demorada o mal satisfecha.
El trabajo externo en la industria juguetera de la Foia de Castalla (Alicante)
Authors: Valero Escandell José Ramón
Published: June 2015

La industria juguetera de la Foia de Castalla —comarca interior alicantina— mantiene fuertes vínculos con empresas suministradoras de materias, industrias auxiliares, talleres especializados en procesos de fabricación, empresas de servicios e incluso trabajadores autónomos que realizan las labores menos mecanizadas, a veces a muchos kilómetros de distancia. Este artículo estudia el área de influencia de esta industria juguetera y analiza las razones explicativas y la evolución de las relaciones establecidas, utilizando básicamente encuestas y entrevistas a los agentes económicos implicados.
Efectos sobre la cubierta vegetal, la escorrentía y la erosión del suelo, de la alternancia cultivo-abandono en parcelas experimentales
Authors: Belmonte Serrato Francisco , Romero Díaz Asunción , López Bermúdez Francisco
Published: June 2015

Se presentan resultados de las consecuencias hidrológicas y erosivas derivadas de la alternancia cultivo-abandono, obtenidos en parcelas de erosión del campo experimental de «El Ardal» (Murcia, Sureste de España). Los primeros resultados, parecen indicar que en esta área, el abandono de campos de cultivo, permite un aumento de cobertura vegetal, herbáceas anuales en la primera fase, que van siendo sustituidas posteriormente por especies perennes del matorral circundante (Sideritis leucantha, Teucrium capitatum, helichrysum stoechas). Este aumento de la cobertura vegetal unido a un aumento de la compactación del suelo, ocasiona un incremento del porcentaje de escorrentía, y a la vez, una disminución de la carga de sedimentos, que se traduce en una menor erosión. La intensidad de la lluvia se revela, una vez más, como uno de los parámetros fundamentales en la generación de escorrentía y pérdida de suelo.
Las repercusiones espaciales de las políticas ambientales en el Véneto (Italia)
Authors: Hernández Hernández María
Published: June 2015

La política agraria emanada de la reforma McSharry aboga por la adopción de políticas que favorezcan la utilización de prácticas más compatibles con el medio físico y el sostenimiento de la población en las zonas rurales mediante la revalorización de los recursos y los espacios naturales. Esta iniciativa propugna, asimismo, la sustitución de la política de sostenimiento de la producción que ha generado cuantiosos excedentes por la de mantenimiento de las rentas. Estos nuevos postulados implican una serie de medidas de acompañamiento (reforestación de antiguas tierras agrícolas o la adopción de técnicas compatibles con el medio ambiente) para evitar una reducción drástica de las rentas de los agricultores. Estas disposiciones presentan en el Véneto unas repercusiones puntuales como consecuencia de las incompatiblidades y solapamientos que se vislumbran entre diversos reglamentos, la lentitud en la adopción de las disposiciones comunitarias o el farragoso procedimiento para su tramitación.
La remuneración del trabajo en la agricultura familiar española (1985-1997)
Authors: Paniagua Mazorra Ángel
Published: June 2015

Habitualmente se acepta que en el mundo rural existen abundantes formas de trabajo no remunerado. Quizá la de mayor relieve sea la que se desarrolla en la explotación agraria familiar. Sin embargo, pese a la extensión de la no remuneración en la agricultura familiar, este objeto de estudio ha sido escasamente investigado. En el presente artículo se analiza y evalúa la remuneración del trabajo en la agricultura familiar española desde la perspectiva de la tesis de la reestructuración rural.
Del Plan General de 1902 a la planificación hidrológica
Authors: Gil Olcina Antonio
Published: June 2015

El Avance de un Plan General de Pantanos y Canales de Riego de 1899, el Plan General de Canales de Riego y Pantanos de 1902, con sus aditamentos de 1909, 1916, 1919 y 1922, la actuación de las Confederaciones Sindicales Hidrográficas a partir de 1926, el I Plan Nacional de Obras Hidráulicas (1933) y el Plan General de Obras Hidráulicas, incluido en el Nacional de Obras Públicas de 1940, tienen en común, además de su carácter hidráulico, la impronta regeneracionista y su elaboración en el marco de la Ley de Aguas de 13 de junio de 1879, vigente por más de un siglo. Naturaleza hidráulica era también, a pesar de su calificativo, la del Anteproyecto del Plan Hidrológico de 1993, que, ampliamente deudor del legado regeneracionista, pretendía, a través del SIEHNA, una sustancial reestructuración hidrográfica del territorio español peninsular. Desechado este planteamiento, el 5 de septiembre pasado fue remitido al Consejo Nacional del Agua un nuevo Anteproyecto del Plan Hidrológico Nacional, con procedimiento de elaboración y contenido novedosos.
El regadío, salvación de la patria y fuente de felicidad según los congresos nacionales de riegos (1913-1934)
Authors: López Ontiveros Antonio
Published: June 2015

En este artículo se define en profundidad el modelo utópico que los Congresos Nacionales de Riegos configuraron del regadío en la tradición del regeneracionismo hidráulico del costismo. Descartándose las objeciones y problemas que se atribuían a los regadíos, se detallan sus muchas ventajas y se concluye que el regadío es «talismán de riqueza y felicidad» y «salvación de la patria».
Áreas de protección ambiental en Brasil y los conflictos en su administración
Authors: Cabral Nájila Rejanne Alencar Julião , Côrtes Mauro Rocha , Souza Marcelo Pereira de
Published: June 2015

Las Áreas de Protección Ambiental (APAs) constituyen una categoría de Unidad de Conservación que, por estar constituidas en tierras públicas o privadas y porque permiten el desarrollo de actividades económicas en su interior, presentan dificultades en su administración medioambiental. El asunto de la propiedad es central y las restricciones impuestas por el Estado al derecho de propiedad, con la intención de controlar el uso y ocupación de la tierra, hace generar conflictos que necesitan ser entendidos para que el sistema de administración pueda resolverlos. El presente trabajo discute el tema de la administración medioambiental destacando los conflictos actuales del derecho de propiedad en Áreas de Protección Ambiental, por el hecho que esta categoría de unidad de conservación interfiere en el ejercicio de ese derecho.
Profesores y Materiales Curriculares en la Enseñanza de la Realidad Social y Natural. Análisis de Concepciones Sobre la Práctica Reflexionada del Profesorado Andaluz (España)
Authors: Travé-González Gabriel , Pozuelos-Estrada Francisco José , Soto-Rosales Antonio
Published: June 2015

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación acerca de las concepciones del profesorado sobre el uso de los materiales curriculares (libros de texto y materiales de elaboración docente) en la enseñanza de la realidad natural y social. El estudio analiza las representaciones docentes sobre los procesos de elaboración, gestión y valoración de los materiales, con la finalidad de proponer mejoras en las prácticas de aula y en las políticas educativas. El diseño de investigación se basa en la aplicación de metodologías mixtas empleando el cuestionario y la entrevista administrados a una muestra de docentes andaluces (España). Entre las conclusiones destaca el desconocimiento del profesorado en torno a las políticas de gratuidad y experimentación de los textos escolares, la escasa formación para la elaboración de materiales curriculares; y, por último, la necesidad de conciliar tradición e innovación en los futuros materiales.
The Bloom of Youth
Authors: Warren James
Published: June 2015

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Is Aristotle’s Eudemian Ethics Quasi-Mathematical?
Authors: Karbowski Joseph
Published: June 2015

This paper challenges D. J. Allan’s famous claim that Aristotle employs a ‘quasi-mathematical’ method in the Eudemian Ethics. Allan believes that Aristotle’s use of posits introduced by ‘hupokeisthō’, ‘estō’, etc. in the treatise is ultimately modeled upon, or at least inspired by, their use in mathematics. However, in this paper I show that there are substantive procedural and epistemological differences between mathematical posits and those in the Eudemian Ethics and that, in any case, there is no textual basis for Allan’s thesis. When we look outside of the Eudemian Ethics, we find, in fact, that the use of posits is a rather common argumentative strategy of Aristotle. What specifically motivates his use of posits in the Eudemian Ethics, I suggest, is his desire to meet the criteria for proper philosophical arguments set out at the end of EE I.6.
The intersection between viral oncolysis, drug resistance, and autophagy
Authors: Beljanski Vladimir , Chiang Cindy , Hiscott John
Published: June 2015

Resistance to both cytotoxic and targeted therapies is a major problem facing cancer treatment. The mechanisms of resistance to unrelated drugs share many common features, including up-regulation of detoxifying pathways, activation of pro-survival mechanisms, and ineffective induction of cell death. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are promising biotherapeutics for cancer treatment that specifically replicate in and lyse cancer cells. In addition to direct viral lysis, the anti-tumor effects of OVs are mediated via innate and adaptive immune responses, and several adaptation mechanisms such as autophagy appear to contribute to their anti-tumor properties. Autophagy is a versatile pathway that plays a key role in cancer survival during stressful conditions such as starvation or cytotoxic drug challenges. Autophagy also plays a role in mediating innate and adaptive immune responses by contributing to antigen presentation and cytokine secretion. This role of autophagy in regulation of immune responses can be utilized to design therapeutic combinations using approaches that either stimulate or block autophagy to potentiate therapeutic efficacy of OVs. Additional studies are needed to determine optimal multimodal combination approaches that will facilitate future successful clinical implementation of OV-based therapies.
Generation of Constant Life Diagram under Elevated Temperature Ratcheting of 316LN Stainless Steel
Authors: Sarkar Aritra , Nagesha A. , Sandhya R. , Mathew M.D.
Published: June 2015

Combined influence of mean stress and stress amplitude on the cyclic life under elevated temperature (823–923 K) ratcheting of 316LN austenitic stainless steel is discussed. Constant life Haigh diagrams have been generated, using different combinations of stress amplitude and mean stress. In the plastic domain, the allowable stress was found to increase or decrease with mean stress depending on the temperature and combination of mean stress – stress amplitude employed. Strong influence of dynamic strain aging (DSA) was found at 823 K which affected the mode of deformation of the material in comparison with 923 K. Failure mode expressed through a fracture mechanism map was found to change from fatigue to necking depending on the test temperature as well as combinations of mean stress and stress amplitude. Occurrence of DSA at 823 K proved to be beneficial by way of extending the safe zone of operation to higherR-ratios in comparison with 923 K.
Influence of Japonisme on Art of M. K. Čiurlionis and His Contemporaries
Authors: Nunokawa Yumiko
Published: June 2015

The aim of this paper is to show how Japonisme was introduced to Europe in the late 19th century and how it influenced artists in major cities. Japanese woodblock prints (ukiyo-e), especially those of Hokusai and Hiroshige, fascinated the Impressionists and other contemporaries such as Claude Monet (1840-1926), Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), and James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834-1903). Many of them adopted japonaiserie motifs in their paintings or sculptures, and it formed a major artistic trend called Japonisme. The Lithuanian composer and painter Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis (1875-1911) was also influenced by the trend of Japonisme, especially from the paintings of the Impressionists or through artists in Poland. In Poland and Russia, Japanese artworks were imported by artists who had studied abroad, or by wealthy bourgeoisie such as Feliks “Manggha” Jasieński (1861-1929), a Polish collector whose nickname was directly associated with Japonisme, and Sergey Kitaev (1864-1927), an ardent Russian collector of Japanese artworks. In this article, Japonisme in European art in general will be outlined, together with similar tendencies in Čiurlionis’ paintings, and then, examples of Japonisme-influenced paintings in Poland and Russia will be briefly shown. Finally, by focusing on Čiurlionis’ paintings, it will be shown how he adopted Japonisme in three stages. In the first stage japonaiserie motifs were only partially borrowed. In the second stage ukiyo-e’s motifs and pictorial schemes were applied to his paintings, and finally, in the third stage of borrowing, expressions of Japanese motifs in his most sublime style will be shown.
Network Mechanisms Generating Abnormal and Normal Hippocampal High-Frequency Oscillations: A Computational Analysis
Authors: Fink Christian G. , Gliske Stephen , Catoni Nicholas , Stacey William C.
Published: June 2015

High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are an intriguing potential biomarker for epilepsy, typically categorized according to peak frequency as either ripples (100–250 Hz) or fast ripples (>250 Hz). In the hippocampus, fast ripples were originally thought to be more specific to epileptic tissue, but it is still very difficult to distinguish which HFOs are caused by normal versus pathological brain activity. In this study, we use a computational model of hippocampus to investigate possible network mechanisms underpinning normal ripples, pathological ripples, and fast ripples. Our results unify several prior findings regarding HFO mechanisms, and also make several new predictions regarding abnormal HFOs. We show that HFOs are generic, emergent phenomena whose characteristics reflect a wide range of connectivity and network input. Although produced by different mechanisms, both normal and abnormal HFOs generate similar ripple frequencies, underscoring that peak frequency is unable to distinguish the two. Abnormal ripples are generic phenomena that arise when input to pyramidal cells overcomes network inhibition, resulting in high-frequency, uncoordinated firing. In addition, fast ripples transiently and sporadically arise from the precise conditions that produce abnormal ripples. Lastly, we show that such abnormal conditions do not require any specific network structure to produce coherent HFOs, as even completely asynchronous activity is capable of producing abnormal ripples and fast ripples in this manner. These results provide a generic, network-based explanation for the link between pathological ripples and fast ripples, and a unifying description for the entire spectrum from normal ripples to pathological fast ripples.