bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COUNTERTERRORISM IN THE RED ZONE OF TERRORISM IN INDONESIA (CASE STUDY IN BIMA, WEST NUSA TENGGARA)
Authors: Ikhwanuddin Ikhwanuddin , Irwansyah Irwansyah , Sinaga Saut Panggabean , Nababan Pahala Martua , Santoso Edy
Published: January 2020

Terrorism in Indonesia originated from the rebellion of Islamic groups, which fought for the establishment of an Islamic state. They consider the war against the government as jihad. As was done by Darul Islam (DI) or the Islamic State of Indonesia/Negara Islam Indonesia (NII) in 1950, with a base of resistance in West Java. The government foiled this movement through military operations. In the next era, acts of terror often occurred in Indonesia, such as the Christmas Eve bombing, attempted assassination of President Soekarno's family, the Bali bombings 1 and 2, JW bomb. Marriot and the most horrendous was the Surabaya Bombing incident, which was carried out by two families against several churches and the Surabaya Police Headquarters. The most recent was the attack on the Coordinating Minister of Politics and Security, Wiranto, and the bomb in Medan Regional Police. Some acts of terror also occurred in areas of interreligious conflict in Indonesia, such as in Poso and Ambon. Several acts of terror that occurred in various regions in Indonesia and foreign countries such as Mindanao and Afghanistan, among them, involving some Bima citizens as perpetrators, not to mention the terrorist acts against the Police that occurred in the Bima Region. Responding to several acts of terror that occurred, the Government, through the Counter-Terrorism Agency (BNPT), established 12 (twelve) Regions as the Red Zone of terrorism in Indonesia, one of which was the Bima Region. It makes the phenomenon interesting to be investigated because, on the one hand, various efforts to counter terrorism are intensified, but on the other hand, acts of terror continue to occur. In this article, the author would focus on countering terrorism carried out by BNPT, the National Police, and how the community's participation.
HUMANISM-BASED ARABIC LANGUAGE TEACHING DEVELOPMENT TO IMPROVE LIVING VALUE OF UNSIQ WONOSOBO STUDENTS
Authors: Rois Ahmad , Rahman Rifqi Aulia
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this research is to develop humanism-based Arabic language teaching materials, which are the vision and mission of the Wonosobo Al-Qur'an Science University. This textbook will be used to enhance the sense of humanism in UNSIQ students. The method in this study is Research and Development (R&D), which is by developing Arabic language teaching materials based on humanism, which form the basis of vision in UNSIQ universities. This teaching material is not just a textbook but by using the humanism approach that has been implemented at the university. This research step consists of: (1) proposing information, (2) conducting design, (3) developing original product forms, (4) conducting limited trials, (5) conducting revisions, (6) conducting field trials, (7) ) make revisions. Textbooks developed were validated by experts and students during the trial. The subjects of this research trial were PAI students in class A and PAI class B in semester 4 of the Tarbiyah and Teaching Faculty of UNSIQ, Central Java in Wonosobo. Limited trials were conducted on 14 students. Field trials were conducted on two classes consisting of 30 students in the experimental class and 30 students in the control class. Data was collected using validation sheets, observation sheets, and assessment sheets.The results of this research and development are. (1) The model of teaching material developed is Arabic teaching material based on humanism, which is used as the vision of the Al-Qur'an Science University (UNSIQ). Textbooks that are developed are in accordance with established criteria. The assessment of teaching materials and tools from all aspects falls into the "very goodcategory." (2) after using teaching materials that are developed on the basis of humanism, it enhances student's living values compared to before using textbook development materials.
Analysis of the genetic diversity of the coastal and island endangered plant speciesElaeagnus macrophyllavia conserved DNA-derived polymorphism marker
Authors: Wang Yi , Ma Yan , Jia Bingyu , Wu Qichao , Zang Dekui , Yu Xiaoyan
Published: January 2020

The genetic diversity and genetic structure of five natural populations of the island and coastal endangered plant speciesElaeagnus macrophyllawere analyzed via conserved DNA-derived polymorphism molecular markers. A total of 289 discernible loci were obtained from 102 individuals via fifteen primers, and 100% of the loci were polymorphic. The observed number of alleles was 1.9654, and the effective number of alleles was 1.2604. Nei’s genetic diversity index was 0.1724 on average, and Shannon’s information index was 0.2869, indicating thatElaeagnus macrophyllahad lower levels of genetic diversity than those reported for its continental relatives and other continental species. The average percentage of polymorphic loci was 42.1%, and the maximum and minimum were 80.97% and 14.88%, respectively, which were associated with the Nanji Island and Liugong Island populations, respectively. The populations ofElaeagnus macrophyllawere highly differentiated. Cluster analysis revealed that the similarity between the tested samples was related to their geographical location, that the samples from the same island tended to cluster together, and that there was no cross-clustering between samples. The Nanji Island and Da Rushan populations differentiated into two subpopulations. Last, we detected no correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance between populations (Pearson’s correlation coefficientr = 0.256579,p-value = 0.8309).
Weaving and Its Socio-cultural Values in Ethiopia: A Review
Authors: Gizaw Chernet Yesuneh , Ba Ousmane
Published: January 2020

This review research work aimed to comprehend and compile the relevant information in the areas of the traditional weaving and its socio-cultural values in Ethiopia. Different empirical literatures were reviewed on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review revealed the creative ability of weavers’ maintained identity, culture and history of the different ethnic groups’ of the nation. It identified how the traditional woven fabric served as glue for the socio-cultural values in religion, wedding, rituals, among others in the country. The sector is facing challenges like raw material shortage. Higher cost of input, competition from machine fabrics, poor technological support and incentives among others. The sector needs proper care from all the relevant stakeholders to sustain its symbolic role to represent a society. Thus, Practice of conservation and safeguarding of traditional woven fabric as per the protocol of UNESCO and retention of the people engaged in weaving with proper incentives should be employed.
Evaluation of Different Carrier Substances for the Development of an Effective Pelleted Biofertilizer for Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Using Co-inoculated Bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Authors: Pathirana B. K. W. , Yapa P. N.
Published: January 2020

Aims: This study was aimed to compare aquatic weed, biochar and compost carrier substances for the development of effective pelleted biofertilizer for paddy (Oryza sativa L.) using co-inoculated bacteria, Azospirillum sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF).

Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka between November 2018 and May 2019.

Methodology: Pre-sterilized, 1 kg weight of ground carrier material was inoculated with 50 g of AMF propagules and 20 ml of 1.5 x 108 (CFU/ml) of each bacterial inoculant. Different types of pelleted biofertilizers were prepared as; aquatic weed and bioinoculum (P1), aquatic weed, bioinoculum and nutrient supplement mixture (P2), biochar and bioinoculum (P3), biochar, bioinoculum and nutrient supplement mixture (P4), compost and bioinoculum (P5), compost, bioinoculum and nutrient supplement mixture (P6). Rock phosphate and potassium feldspar was used as nutrient supplement mixture in developing some pelleted biofertilizers. Biofertilizer pellets were tested for the microbial survivability with the time by determining viable cell count of bacteria at two storage temperatures of 0°C and 30°C.

Pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of prepared pelleted biofertilizers on growth and yield of rice and on some soil chemical and biological characteristics. Control (without biofertilizers) and above pelleted biofertilizers were added to the 3000 g of soil in pot with one paddy plant of variety BG 360. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replicates. Rice roots were screened for AMF colonization after harvesting.

Results: According to Tukey’s Pairwise Comparison test, control and different treatments in pot experiment were significantly different for shoot height, number of seeds per panicle, 100 seeds weight and soil pH (p ≤ 0.05). However, there was no significant difference observed for bacterial count in prepared biofertilizers and biofertilizer applied soil, relative growth rate, plant dry and fresh weights and electrical conductivity. Among different pelleted biofertilizers, application of pellets consisted of compost with bioinoculant (P5), exceedingly enhanced the rice growth and yield. Compost, bioinoculum and nutrient supplement mixture (P6) added pellets were shown highest bacterial survivability at 30°C for seven days. Although AMF colonization of rice plants were low this was the first report of citing the presence of AMF in rice roots in Sri Lanka.

Conclusion: These pelleted biofertilizers have the potential to be used for improved productivity of rice variety Bg 360. Therefore, developing such bioinoculants as biofertilizers and their efficient use could be considered as a sustainable solution for rice cultivation in Sri Lanka and worldwide.
Outcomes Reported in Prospective Long‐Term Observational Studies and Registries of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Worldwide: An Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Systematic Review
Authors: Lopez‐Olivo Maria A. , Zogala Richard J. , des Bordes Jude , Zamora Natalia V. , Christensen Robin , Rai Davesh , Goel Niti , Carmona Loreto , Pratt Gregory , Strand Vibeke , Suarez‐Almazor Maria E.
Published: January 2020

Objective

Prospective long‐term observational studies (LOS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) lack a core set of universally collected outcome measures, particularly patient‐centered outcomes, precluding accurate comparisons across studies. Our aim was to identify long‐term outcome measures collected and reported in these studies.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of registries and LOS of patients with RA, searching in ClinicalTrials.gov, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Registry of Patient Registries, and Google Scholar. The names and acronyms of registries and LOS were further searched in the Medline and Embase databases to retrieve published articles. Two independent reviewers undertook data collection, quality appraisal, and data extraction.

Results

We identified 88 registries/LOS that met our eligibility criteria. These were divided into 2 groups: disease‐based (52 [59%]) and therapy‐based (36 [41%]). Methodologic and reporting standards varied across the eligible studies. For clinical outcomes, disease activity was recorded in 88 (100%) of all LOS/registries. The most commonly reported measure (86 [98%]) was the composite outcome Disease Activity Score using 28 joints. Of the patient‐centered outcomes collected, physical functioning was most frequently reported (75 [85%]) with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (75 [85%]) as the most commonly used instrument within this domain. Other domains of patient‐centered outcomes were comparatively infrequently recorded: mental (29 [33%]), social (20 [23%]), and health‐related quality of life (37 [42%]).

Conclusion

Most registries/LOS collect measures of disease activity and physical function. However, there is substantial heterogeneity in the collection of relevant patient‐centered outcomes that measure symptom burden and mental and social ramifications of RA.
Fabrication of Si2N2O Ceramic Foam by Combination of Direct Ink Writing and Biological Foaming Techniques
Authors: Jin Haize , Yang Zhihua , Li Hailiang , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu
Published: January 2020

Si2N2O ceramic foam is developed by the combination of biological foaming (BF) technique and direct ink writing (DIW). The effect of yeast content on the rheological properties of inks and phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of ceramic foam are systematically investigated. The inks consist of different proportions of yeast suspension and ceramic start powder suspension that exhibit superior printing behavior and proper fermentation capacity. Yeast cells and additives derived from commercial active yeast are fully utilized as BF agent, nutrient, and emulsifier. The variation of yeast contents bring about the evolution of phases, pores density, and mechanical properties of ceramic parts. The Si2N2O foams with porosities from 61.5 ± 4.3% to 71.0 ± 4.5% are successfully fabricated. The corresponding compressive strength decreases from 33.1 ± 2.6  to 8.3 ± 1.5 MPa. As a result, a promising reference for the design and preparation of BF ceramic ink and hierarchical ceramic foam based on DIW is provided.
Functionalized TiCu/Ti‐Cu‐N‐Coated 3D‐Printed Porous Ti6Al4V Scaffold Promotes Bone Regeneration through BMSC Recruitment
Authors: Guo Yu , Ren Ling , Xie Kai , Wang Lei , Yu Baohai , Jiang Wenbo , Zhao Yanhui , Hao Yongqiang
Published: January 2020

Ti6Al4V scaffolds have high strength and corrosion resistance. 3D printing technology can optimize the pore structure of Ti6Al4V scaffolds, promoting bone tissue growth into the scaffolds to form firm osseointegrations. However, Ti6Al4V lacks biological activity. This defect can be overcome through surface modifications. Arc ion plating is employed to prepare titanium copper/titanium copper nitride (TiCu/Ti‐Cu‐N) multilayer coating, which is applied to 3D‐printed porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds by selective laser melting and bearing 300–400 µm pores. In addition to the excellent biological activity of copper, TiN shows superior corrosion resistance. The scaffold properties, osteogenesis, and osteointegration are evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results show that human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) proliferate and adhere more effectively on coated scaffolds than on uncoated scaffolds. Further, the coating has a significant role in recruiting hBMSCs, and upregulation of the SDF‐1α/CXCR4 axis, p38 expression, and extracellular signal‐related kinase (Erk) and Akt signaling pathway. The in vitro results are further confirmed by an animal experiment in the New Zealand white rabbit femur tibia defect. Overall, the TiCu/Ti‐Cu‐N‐coated 3D‐printed Ti6Al4V scaffold shows excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity in promoting bone repair. The underlying mechanism may involve recruiting BMSCs and promoting their osteogenic differentiation.
Effect of the Pressure Exerted by Probe Station Tips in the Electrical Characteristics of Memristors
Authors: Zuo Ying , Lin Huizi , Guo Jingchun , Yuan Yue , He Hanglin , Li Yutong , Xiao Yiping , Li Xuehua , Zhu Kaichen , Wang Tao , Jing Xu , Wen Chao , Lanza Mario
Published: January 2020

Resistive switching phenomenon is normally studied through fabricating two types of metal/insulator/metal (MIM) test structures: i) using a shadow mask to pattern dot‐like top electrodes (on an insulator/metal sample) that also serve as pad to connect the probe station tips and ii) using photolithography to pattern metallic wires rotated 90° that cross at one point to sandwich an insulator, and that are attached to large pads to connect the probe station tips. The second method is the most recommendable because the size of the MIM‐like memristor can be reduced; however, many researchers prefer to use the first configuration because it is easier to fabricate. The pressure exerted by probe station tips on the top electrode of MIM‐like memristors can alter the electrical characteristics of these devices, leading to lower dielectric breakdown (DB) voltages, higher post‐DB currents, lower variability of the post‐DB currents, erratic cycling, and lower yield is shown here. These observations have been confirmed statistically by measuring >900 devices made with different electrodes (Ni, Au, Cu, and Ag) and dielectric stacks (HfO2 and Al2O3). This indicates that the electrical characteristics reported in previous works using dot‐like memristors may be unreal, as they could have been affected by the force exerted by the probe station tips.
Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and risk of lung cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kwak Kyeongmin , Paek Domyung , Park Jong‐Tae
Published: January 2020

Background

Formaldehyde exposure is associated with nasopharyngeal cancer and leukemia. Previously‐described links between formaldehyde exposure and lung cancer have been weak and inconsistent. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate quantitatively the association between formaldehyde exposure and lung cancer.

Methods

We searched for articles on occupational formaldehyde exposure and lung cancer in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. In total, 32 articles were selected and 31 studies were included in a meta‐analysis. Subgroup analyses and quality assessments were also performed.

Results

The risk of lung cancer among workers exposed to formaldehyde was not significantly increased, with an overall pooled risk estimate of 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97‐1.12). The pooled risk estimate of lung cancer was increased when higher exposure studies were considered (1.19; 95% CI, 0.96‐1.46). More statistically robust results were obtained when high quality (1.13; 95% CI, 1.08‐1.19) and recent (1.13; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.19) studies were used in deriving pooled risk estimates.

Conclusions

No significant increase in the risk of lung cancer was evident in the overall pooled risk estimate; even in higher formaldehyde exposure groups. Our findings do not provide strong evidence in favor of formaldehyde as a risk factor for lung cancer. However, since risk estimates were significantly increased for high‐quality and recent studies, the possibility that exposure to formaldehyde can increase the risk of lung cancer might still be considered.
Diagnostic accuracy for drug detection using liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy in overdose patients
Authors: Yagihashi Gen , Tarui Takehiko , Miyagi Hiroyuki , Ohnishi Hiroaki , Watanabe Takashi , Yamaguchi Yoshihiro
Published: January 2020

Aim

Information about the causative drugs is essential for appropriate treatment for drug overdose, but patients sometimes cannot provide information about overdosed drugs owing to disturbed consciousness or an unwillingness to cooperate with treatment. The purpose of this study was to decide whether liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) is useful as a detection method for overdosed drugs.

Methods

Overdose patients (n = 279) treated in our facility were retrospectively studied. Specimens from gastric lavage, blood serum, and urine were tested using LC/MS. The matching rates between drugs overdosed and those detected by LC/MS were evaluated; LC/MS and Triage DOAR were also compared. Data are shown as means.

Results

Patients overdosed on 3.2 kinds of drugs and were transferred to our hospital 4.6 h after. Overall 3.5 kinds of drugs were detected by LC/MS, and 2.4, 1.9, and 2.2 kinds were from the stomach, blood, and urine, respectively. Matching rate among the ingested drugs (kinds of drugs matched/ones ingested) was the highest in the gastric samples (0.56), and the lowest in the urine samples (0.46) (P < 0.01). In addition, the matching rates among the detected drugs (kinds of drugs matched/ones detected) were as high as 0.74 and 0.78 in the gastric and blood samples, respectively. Comparing the sensitivity and specificity of detection of benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants between LC/MS and Triage DOAR, we found that these two methods were comparable.

Conclusion

Liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy was proven to be an effective method to detect overdosed drugs, especially when there was not enough information about the drugs ingested.
A General Strategy for Macrotheranostic Prodrug Activation: Synergy between the Acidic Tumor Microenvironment and Bioorthogonal Chemistry
Authors: Dong Yansong , Tu Yalan , Wang Kewei , Xu Congfei , Yuan Youyong , Wang Jun
Published: January 2020

Prodrugs activated by endogenous stimuli face the problem of tumor heterogeneity. Bioorthogonal prodrug activation that utilizes an exogenous click reaction has the potential to solve this problem, but most of the strategies currently used rely on the presence of endogenous receptors or overexpressed enzymes. We herein integrate the acidic, extracellular microenvironment of a tumor and a click reaction as a general strategy for prodrug activation. This was achieved by using a tumor pH‐responsive polymer containing tetrazine groups, which formed unreactive micelles in the blood but disassembled in response to tumor pH. The vinyl ether group on the macrotheranostic prodrug (CyPVE) is activated by the tetrazine groups, which was confirmed by tumor‐specific fluorescence activation and phototoxicity restoration. Therefore, the bioorthogonal reactions in the context of the ubiquitous acidic tumor microenvironment can provide a general strategy for bioorthogonal prodrug activation.
Mangan‐Dotierung von Perowskit‐Nanokristallen: Quanteneinschränkung Aufgrund von Ruddlesden‐Popper‐Defekten
Authors: Paul Sharmistha , Bladt Eva , Richter Alexander F. , Döblinger Markus , Tong Yu , Huang He , Dey Amrita , Bals Sara , Debnath Tushar , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana , Feldmann Jochen
Published: January 2020

Das Konzept von Mangan‐dotierten II‐VI‐Halbleiternanokristallen wurde vor kurzem auf Perowskite ausgedehnt. Allerdings konzentrieren sich die meisten Studien bis jetzt auf die Verstärkung der Emission, die nach einem Energietransfer von den Mn2+‐Ionen ausgeht. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, dass die Dotierung von CsPbCl3‐Nanokristallen mit Mn2+‐Ionen nicht nur zu einer Mangan‐bezogenen orangenen Emission führt, sondern auch die exzitonischen Eigenschaften an sich stark beeinflusst. Eine leichte Dotierung mit Mn2+‐Ionen verringert die Inhomogenität der Nanokristalle, wodurch ein markantes exzitonisches Absorptionssignal erkennbar wird. Bei zunehmender Mn2+‐Konzentration beobachten wir jedoch, dass die Dotierung zur Bildung von Ruddlesden‐Popper‐Defekten führt. Die entsprechenden Defektebenen induzieren wiederum Quanteneinschränkungseffekte innerhalb eines einzelnen Nanokristalls und erhöhen somit die Inhomogenität. Dadurch kommt es zu einer allmählichen Blauverschiebung und Verbreiterung des exzitonischen Übergangs.
Manganese‐Doping‐Induced Quantum Confinement within Host Perovskite Nanocrystals through Ruddlesden–Popper Defects
Authors: Paul Sharmistha , Bladt Eva , Richter Alexander F. , Döblinger Markus , Tong Yu , Huang He , Dey Amrita , Bals Sara , Debnath Tushar , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana , Feldmann Jochen
Published: January 2020

The concept of doping Mn2+ ions into II–VI semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) was recently extended to perovskite NCs. To date, most studies on Mn2+ doped NCs focus on enhancing the emission related to the Mn2+ dopant via an energy transfer mechanism. Herein, we found that the doping of Mn2+ ions into CsPbCl3 NCs not only results in a Mn2+‐related orange emission, but also strongly influences the excitonic properties of the host NCs. We observe for the first time that Mn2+ doping leads to the formation of Ruddlesden–Popper (R.P.) defects and thus induces quantum confinement within the host NCs. We find that a slight doping with Mn2+ ions improves the size distribution of the NCs, which results in a prominent excitonic peak. However, with increasing the Mn2+ concentration, the number of R.P. planes increases leading to smaller single‐crystal domains. The thus enhanced confinement and crystal inhomogeneity cause a gradual blue shift and broadening of the excitonic transition, respectively.
Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Nine‐Membered CF3‐Substituted Heterocycles Using a Single Chiral Ligand: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Ring Expansion with Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Uno Hiroto , Punna Nagender , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shiro Motoo , Shibata Norio
Published: January 2020

The two enantiomers of trifluoromethyl‐benzo[c][1,5]oxazonines, (R)‐4and (S)‐4, can be selectively accessed with high enantiopurity by the Pd‐catalyzed ring‐expansion reaction of trifluoromethyl‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazinones (1) with vinyl ethylene carbonates (3) using one antipode of a chiral ligand. Initially, the reaction proceeds by a double decarboxylative ring‐expansion with kinetic resolution of1in the presence of a Pd‐catalyst/chiral ligand to provide (R)‐4with high enantiopurity. At the same time, the nonreactive antipode of1, (S)‐1, which was recovered with an impeccable s factor of up to 713 and an ideal chemical yield, was transferred into the antipode of the products, (S)‐4, with high enantiopurity by a second run of the Pd‐catalyzed double decarboxylation reaction, but this time without any chiral auxiliary. Thus, both antipodes of the chiral trifluoromethyl heterocycles4can be obtained in excellent enantiopurity using only a single antipode of the chiral catalyst.
Low‐fouling polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes with amphiphilic sulfobetaine polyamide as additive
Authors: Sun Xiuhua , Hu Wenzheng , Gao Changlu
Published: January 2020

In this study, amphiphilic sulfobetaine polyamide (sPA) oligomers with sulfobetaine as end groups and arylamide as backbone were synthesized as the pore‐forming additive for the preparation of polysulfone membranes. This additive showed good solubility and compatibility with the membrane casting solution due to the self‐assembly behaviors of sPA in organic solvent. Moreover, the effects of hydrophobic chain length and additive dosage on membrane morphology, hydrophilicity, permeability, antifouling, and mechanical properties were systematically studied. In view of these results, it can be concluded that the higher content and smaller size of sPA in the casting solution correlated with better filtration and separation performances of the membranes. Results showed that the pure water flux increased from 68.2 L m−2 hr−1 for the pristine membrane to a maximum of 205 L m−2 hr−1 for the blend membrane, meanwhile, the protein rejection ratio was above 95.2% and the flux recovery ratio was promoted from 68.3% to above 85.0%. The fouling resistance of the blend membranes was further demonstrated by significantly reduced protein/bacteria adhesion. And consistent high‐performances in filtration and separation were demonstrated after the blend membranes were treated at 90°C.
Influence of socioeconomic status on immediate breast reconstruction rate, patient information and involvement in surgical decision-making
Authors: Frisell A , Lagergren J , Halle M , Boniface J
Published: January 2020

Background

Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) rates in breast cancer differ between healthcare regions in Sweden. This is not explained by regional differences in patient age distribution or tumour characteristics, but by differences in patient-reported information and patient involvement in the decision-making process. As socioeconomic status may play a significant role in surgical decision-making, its potential associations with IBR rates were analysed.

Methods

Women who had undergone therapeutic mastectomy for primary breast cancer in Sweden in 2013 were included in the analysis. Tumour and treatment data were retrieved from the Swedish National Breast Cancer Register, and socioeconomic background data from the Central Bureau of Statistics Sweden. Postal questionnaires regarding information about reconstruction and perceived involvement in the preoperative decision-making process had been sent out in a previous survey.

Results

In addition to regional differences, lower tumour and nodal category, independent factors increasing the likelihood of having IBR for the 3131 women in the study were living without a registered partner, having current employment and high income per household. Patient-reported perceived preoperative information (odds ratio (OR) 12·73, 95 per cent c.i. 6·03 to 26·89) and the feeling of being involved in the decision-making process (OR 2·56, 1·14 to 5·76) remained strong independent predictors of IBR despite adjustment for socioeconomic factors. Importantly, responders to the survey represented a relatively young and wealthy population with a lower tumour burden.

Conclusion

Several socioeconomic factors independently influence IBR rates; however, patient-reported information and involvement in the surgical decision-making process remain independent predictors for the likelihood of having IBR.
Identification of the Geographical Origin of Asian Red Pepper (Capsicum annuumL.) Powders Using1H NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Dongwon , Kim Miso , Kim Byung Hee , Ahn Sangdoo
Published: January 2020

Red pepper (Capsicum annuumL.) is a highly popular vegetable in Asia used for food seasoning in powder form. In this study,1H NMR spectroscopy combined with canonical discriminant analysis was applied to differentiate the geographical origin of Korean, Chinese, and Vietnamese red pepper powders distributed in Korea. Through the quantitative analysis of metabolite peaks in the1H NMR spectra of 62 red pepper powder extracts, seven discriminant variables with significant differences between origins were identified. The canonical discriminant functions derived from the discriminant variables could correctly classify the geographical origins of all the Asian red pepper powder samples. The capability of the discriminant functions was further examined by discrimination of the origins of 16 additional blind red pepper powder samples. This study shows that1H NMR spectroscopy is a useful method to discriminate red pepper powder origin with the appropriate canonical discriminant analysis of signals associated with metabolites.
Tranexamic Acid Analysis as Ethoxycarbonyl‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl Derivatives by Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Park Hyung‐Jin , Lee Hyeon‐Seong , Seo Chan , Min Jeuk , Ji Moongi , Kim Youngbae , Choi Subin , Kim Doo‐Young , Kim Jung Dong , Jeong Do Hyeon , Lee Wonjae , Paik Man‐Jeong
Published: January 2020

Tranexamic acid (TA) as a synthetic derivative of lysine is a potent antifibrinolytic drug used to reduce bleeding during surgeries including dental extraction. The efficacy of TA administration in ovarian cancer and melasma has also been reported in a previous study. In this study, the mass spectral data set of TA as ethoxycarbonyl‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl derivatives was newly constructed by gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction‐monitoring mode. This analytical method was validated with good linearity (r > 0.9988), limit of detection (LOD, 0.22 ng/mL), limit of quantification (LOQ, 0.72 ng/mL), relative standard deviation (1.3 to 4.8%), and relative error (−6.8 to 3.5%) under optimal conditions. The LOD and LOQ were assessed to be lower than other reported methods. Therefore, the present method will be useful for monitoring of TA in the pharmacological and cosmetic fields.
Protein Adsorption and Bacterial Adhesion Resistance of Cross‐linked Copolymer Hydrogels Based on Poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) and Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)
Authors: Vales Temmy Pegarro , Jee Jun‐Pil , Lee Won Young , Min Ilgi , Cho Sung , Kim Ho‐Joong
Published: January 2020

Herein, the preparation of the cross‐linked copolymer hydrogels composed of various weight ratios of 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomers employing free‐radical polymerization was reported. The integration of the MPC monomer into HEMA‐based hydrogels showed good transmittance (>90%) and enhanced the water content retention (79–202%) relative to those of pure HEMA‐based hydrogel. Notably, the MPC‐containing hydrogels (MPC‐H) exhibited the improved anti‐biofouling properties due to the formation of a compact hydration layer produced by the biomimetic MPC units at the hydrogel surface. MPC‐H exhibited a decrease in the bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme adsorption of approximately 40–70% and 44–65%, respectively, relative to those of control hydrogel without MPC monomer. The results presented herein demonstrate the potential of expending biocompatible monomers such as HEMA and MPC to efficiently generate a biomaterial that possesses both bio‐membrane mimicking character and protein and bacterial resistant properties for various industrial and biomedical applications.
Cyp1 Inhibition Prevents Doxorubicin‐Induced Cardiomyopathy in a Zebrafish Heart‐Failure Model
Authors: Lam Pui‐Ying , Kutchukian Peter , Anand Rajan , Imbriglio Jason , Andrews Christine , Padilla Hugo , Vohra Anita , Lane Sarah , Parker Dann L. , Cornella Taracido Ivan , Johns Douglas G. , Beerens Manu , MacRae Calum A. , Caldwell John P. , Sorota Steve , Asnani Aarti , Peterson Randall T.
Published: January 2020

Doxorubicin is a highly effective chemotherapy agent used to treat many common malignancies. However, its use is limited by cardiotoxicity, and cumulative doses exponentially increase the risk of heart failure. To identify novel heart failure treatment targets, a zebrafish model of doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy was previously established for small‐molecule screening. Using this model, several small molecules that prevent doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity both in zebrafish and in mouse models have previously been identified. In this study, exploration of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is expanded by screening 2271 small molecules from a proprietary, target‐annotated tool compound collection. It is found that 120 small molecules can prevent doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity, including 7 highly effective compounds. Of these, all seven exhibited inhibitory activity towards cytochrome P450 family 1 (CYP1). These results are consistent with previous findings, in which visnagin, a CYP1 inhibitor, also prevents doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity. Importantly, genetic mutation of cyp1a protected zebrafish against doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity phenotypes. Together, these results provide strong evidence that CYP1 is an important contributor to doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity and highlight the CYP1 pathway as a candidate therapeutic target for clinical cardioprotection.
Boron and Nitride Dual vacancies on Metal‐Free Oxygen Doping Boron Nitride as Initiating Sites for Deep Aerobic Oxidative Desulfurization
Authors: Dai Li , Wei Yanchen , Xu Xinyuan , Wu Peiwen , Zhang Ming , Wang Chao , Li Hongping , Zhang Qi , Li Huaming , Zhu Wenshuai
Published: January 2020

Boron nitride (BN) is a two‐dimensional ceramic material that has been widely applied in various catalysis reactions. However, endowing the BN material with adequate reactive centers remains to be a considerable challenge. Herein, we propose a tunable boron and nitride dual vacancies strategy to generate highly active oxygen‐doping BN (BNO) material via heat treatment in vacuum. Experimental results indicate that the vacuum treatment fabricates boron and nitride dual vacancies on the BNO. The as‐prepared vacuum treated BNO (V‐BNO) was applied as the initiator to accelerate the aerobic oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of fuel. The boosted aerobic ODS system achieves 100 % sulfur removal in 6 h, and it can be recycled 6 times without any significant performance loss. Meanwhile, the density functional theory (DFT) reveals the reaction pathway on the V‐BNO, ensuring the contribution of boron and nitride dual vacancies to the initiation of the reaction. This work highlights the vital role of dual vacancies as initiating sites for the enhanced aerobic ODS.
Establishment and persistence of zoysiagrass–tall fescue mixtures
Authors: Xiang Mingying , Fry Jack , Kennelly Megan
Published: January 2020

Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) is adapted to the transition zone but some end‐users find it undesirable because of the dormancy color. The objective of this study was to evaluate mowing height and tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus Schreb) seeding strategy and rate for the establishment and persistence of a mixed stand with seeded zoysiagrass. Separate identical experiments were done in Manhattan, KS, and Olathe, KS. ‘Compadre’ zoysiagrass was seeded in all plots at 1 lb pure live seed (PLS) 1,000 ft–2 in June 2015. ‘Corona’ tall fescue was seeded in subplots at 2, 4, or 8 lb PLS 1,000 ft–2 either in June 2015 with the zoysiagrass seed or in September 2015 into established zoysiagrass. The percentage green coverage (PGC) was up to 18% higher when tall fescue was seeded into established zoysiagrass than when seeded with zoyiagrass. Seeding tall fescue at 8 lb PLS 1,000 ft–2 resulted in up to 10% more PGC than 2 lb PLS 1,000 ft–2, primarily within the first 2 years after planting. A polystand mixture of seeded zoysiagrass and tall fescue was most successfully established by seeding tall fescue at 8 lb PLS 1,000 ft–2 into established zoysiagrass mown at a 0.75‐inch cut height. The mixture enhanced PGC of the turf during zoysiagrass dormancy for 3 years.
PROTOCOL: Parenting interventions to support parent/child attachment and psychosocial adjustment in foster and adoptive parents and children: A systematic review
Authors: Dalgaard Nina Thorup , Pontoppidan Maiken , Thomsen Morten Kjær , Viinholt Bjørn Christian Arleth , Filges Trine
Published: January 2020

This is the protocol for a Campbell review. The objectives are as follows:

To assess the efficacy of attachment‐based interventions on measures of favourable parent/child outcomes (attachment security, dyadic interaction, parent/child psychosocial adjustment, behavioural and mental health problems and placement breakdown) within foster and adoptive families with children aged between 0 and 17 years.

To identify factors that appear to be associated with more effective outcomes and factors that modify intervention effectiveness (for example, age of the child at placement and at intervention start, programme duration, programme focus)
Predator coexistence through emergent fitness equalization
Authors: van Velzen Ellen
Published: January 2020

The competitive exclusion principle is one of the oldest ideas in ecology and states that without additional self‐limitation two predators cannot coexist on a single prey. The search for mechanisms allowing coexistence despite this has identified niche differentiation between predators as crucial: without this, coexistence requires the predators to have exactly the same R* values, which is considered impossible. However, this reasoning misses a critical point: predators’ R* values are not static properties, but affected by defensive traits of their prey, which in turn can adapt in response to changes in predator densities. Here I show that this feedback between defense and predator dynamics enables stable predator coexistence without ecological niche differentiation. Instead, the mechanism driving coexistence is that prey adaptation causes defense to converge to the value where both predators have equal R* values (“fitness equalization”). This result is highly general, independent of specific model details, and applies to both rapid defense evolution and inducible defenses. It demonstrates the importance of considering long‐standing ecological questions from an eco‐evolutionary viewpoint, and showcases how the effects of adaptation can cascade through communities, driving diversity on higher trophic levels. These insights offer an important new perspective on coexistence theory.
Coordination Chemistry of Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals Has Memory
Authors: Luneau Dominique
Published: January 2020

Nitronyl nitroxide free radicals, and particularly their coordination compounds, have played a major role in the development of molecular‐based magnetic materials. Nevertheless, recent results show that the metal‐nitroxide bond remains a source of very diverse and singular bistable magnetic systems. Furthermore, metal‐nitroxide systems provide a rare opportunity for studying the role of the various interactions governing magnetic properties or electron transfer. From this point of view, they contribute to extending our fundamental knowledge, with prospects for switchable and multifunctional materials. Herein, we review three types of bistability in these systems from our own research which are illustrative of the wealth of these systems. These comprise molecular entities with Cu(II)‐nitroxide bonds giving rise to a molecular‐spin transition, and coordination polymers with Mn(II)‐nitroxide bonds which may behave as magnets in some cases or are bistable by valence tautomerism in others.
Dipodal, Tripodal, and Discoidal Coordination Modes of Kemp's Triacid Anions
Authors: Harrowfield Jack , Thuéry Pierre
Published: January 2020

In order to probe the conformational preferences of the anions of Kemp's triacid (cis,cis‐1,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, H3kta) in their metal ion complexes, and their influence on the structures thereof, six complexes with widely different metal cations (alkali, alkaline‐earth, 3d‐block and actinide) were synthesized and crystallographically characterized. All these complexes crystallize as diperiodic assemblies, but with three different conformations of the kta3–/Hkta2–/H3kta ligands. Only the tripodal form, with the cyclohexyl ring in chair conformation and the three carboxylic/ate groups axial is found in [Na5(kta)(Hkta)(H2O)] (1), [Sr3(H3kta)(kta)2] (2), [Mn3(kta)2(H2O)3] (3), and [Mn(H2O)6][Mn5(kta)4(H2O)4] (4). Particularly notable are hexanuclear ring subunits formed around two ligands in 2. The tripodal form coexists with the discoidal one, with the ring in the chair conformation and the three carboxylate groups equatorial, in [Mn6(kta)4(nmp)3] (5), with nmp = N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, which displays hexanuclear ring subunits. Finally, the so‐called dipodal form, with the ring in boat conformation, two carboxylate groups axial and one equatorial, is only found in [UO2Cs(kta)] (6), in which uranyl cations and ligands alone form a honeycomb assembly, the caesium cations being decorating species.
Sleep disruption is not observed with brain‐responsive neurostimulation for epilepsy
Authors: Ruoff Leslie , Jarosiewicz Beata , Zak Rochelle , Tcheng Thomas K. , Neylan Thomas C. , Rao Vikram R.
Published: January 2020

Objective

Neurostimulation devices that deliver electrical impulses to the nervous system are widely used to treat seizures in patients with medically refractory epilepsy, but the effects of these therapies on sleep are incompletely understood. Vagus nerve stimulation can contribute to obstructive sleep apnea, and thalamic deep brain stimulation can cause sleep disruption. A device for brain‐responsive neurostimulation (RNS®System, NeuroPace, Inc) is well tolerated in clinical trials, but potential effects on sleep are unknown.

Methods

Six adults with medically refractory focal epilepsy treated for at least six months with the RNS System underwent a single night of polysomnography (PSG). RNS System lead locations included mesial temporal and neocortical targets. Sleep stages and arousals were scored according to standard guidelines. Stimulations delivered by the RNS System in response to detections of epileptiform activity were identified by artifacts on scalp electroencephalography.

Results

One subject was excluded for technical reasons related to unreliable identification of stimulation artifact on EEG during PSG. In the remaining five subjects, PSG showed fragmented sleep with frequent arousals. Arousal histograms aligned to stimulations revealed a significant peak in arousals just before stimulation. In one of these subjects, the arousal peak began before stimulation and extended ~1 seconds after stimulation. A peak in arousals occurring only after stimulation was not observed.

Significance

In this small cohort of patients, brain‐responsive neurostimulation does not appear to disrupt sleep. If confirmed in larger studies, this could represent a potential clinical advantage of brain‐responsive neurostimulation over other neurostimulation modalities.
Repeated Richardson extrapolation and static hedging of barrier options under the CEV model
Authors: Guo Jia‐Hau , Chang Lung‐Fu
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes an accelerated static replication approach for continuous European‐style barrier options by employing the repeated Richardson extrapolation technique with the Romberg sequence. This approach is developed under the constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model of Cox (1975) and Cox and Ross (1976) using the framework offered by Derman, Ergener, and Kani (1995; DEK) and its modified method of Chung et al. (2010, 2013a, 2013b) and Tsai (2014). The numerical results indicate that our method could significantly reduce replication errors for European knock‐out call options and may be superior to the imposition of the theta‐matching condition on the DEK method.
Distributional cost effectiveness analysis of West Yorkshire low emission zone policies
Authors: Griffin Susan , Walker Simon , Sculpher Mark
Published: January 2020

Alternative strategies can reduce road vehicle emissions, with differential effects on exposure across population groups. We compare alternative strategies in West Yorkshire using a framework for economic evaluation that considers multiple perspectives and that takes account of the distribution of health outcomes. Exposure to pollutants by area is converted, via dose response relationships, into disease averted. Health benefits and National Health Service costs from diseases are estimated conditional on population demographics and index of multiple deprivation. The net health benefits from alternative strategies are expressed as distributions of quality‐adjusted life expectancy (QALE), which are compared using dominance criteria and societal aversion to health inequality. Net production is estimated from intervention costs and the effects of health improvement on production and consumption. Social care outcomes are estimated from health improvement among care recipients and changes in care expenditure. A switch to less polluting private vehicles is dominant in terms of the distribution of QALE and social care outcomes but not consumption. Inclusion of health inequality aversion alters the rank order compared with prioritisation on health maximisation. The results were sensitive to the magnitude of health opportunity costs, the level of inequality aversion, and the proportion of intervention cost that generates health opportunity cost.
Interactions between cyazofamid and human drug transporters
Authors: Song Im‐Sook , Jeong Hyeon‐Uk , Choi Min‐Koo , Kwon Mihwa , Shin Yongho , Kim Jeong Han , Lee Hye‐Suk
Published: January 2020

We aimed to investigate the intestinal permeability and interaction of cyazofamid with clinically important transporters. The intestinal permeability of cyazofamid was low (0.21 ± 0.02 cm/s), and it is a substrate for P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) with a Km value of 83.1 μM, indicated that P‐gp in the intestinal lumen could serve as a protective barrier to this fungicide. Cyazofamid was not a substrate for clinically important transporters. However, cyazofamid inhibited organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) and OAT1, with IC50 values of 1.54 and 17.3 μM, respectively, but could not result in OAT3‐ and OAT1‐mediated cyazofamid‐drug interactions because of its low plasma concentration. Cyazofamid poorly interacted with OCT1, OCT2, organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, P‐gp, breast cancer resistance‐related protein, and multidrug resistance‐related protein 2. In conclusion, the interactions of cyazofamid with human drug transporters have been evaluated as part of the safety assessment. Given its low intestinal permeability and poor interaction with human drug transporters, cyazofamid might not cause serious toxicity or adverse events.