bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating build geometry characteristics during laser directed energy deposition based additive manufacturing
Authors: Paul A. C. , Jinoop A. N. , Paul C. P. , Deogiri P. , Bindra K. S.
Published: September 2020

Laser directed energy deposition (LDED) is one of the metal additive manufacturing processes for fabricating complex shaped metallic components directly from a digital model using high power lasers and metallic powder. To fabricate components with minimum inaccuracies in build geometry and maximum build economy, optimization of process parameters is significant. In the present work, an experimental investigation is carried out to optimize LDED parameters (laser power, scanning speed, powder feed rate, rastering pattern, and build orientation) using an L9 orthogonal array as per the Taguchi design, by building an effective portion of cube geometry. The influence of input process parameters on build geometry and build economy is investigated, and grey relational (GR) analysis is carried out for multiobjective analysis. ANOVA shows that the most significant parameter influencing inaccuracy along the length, inaccuracy along the height, surface unevenness, and edge deviation error is build-orientation, while inaccuracy along the width, build time, and build fraction are largely influenced by laser energy per unit length. GR analysis shows that the build orientation is the most significant parameter. This study is important for considering build geometry and build economy during LDED.
Parameter optimization of selective laser melting fabricated titanium alloy using skin-core and triple contour scanning strategy
Authors: Wan Le , Xia Zhixin , Song Ying , Zhang Xiaowei , Liu Fan , Fu Geyan , Shi Shihong
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the skin-core combined with the triple contour method is proposed to solve the density and roughness problems of selective laser melting. Based on the skin-core strategy, the surface roughness is optimized by laser parameter adjustment, and the high-quality side-surface formation is achieved by the triple contour method. The results showed that the relative density increases first and then decreases with increasing in-skin energy density, and surface roughness decreases with increasing up-skin energy density. The effects of the skin-core parameters have been analyzed. In addition, a triple contour scanning strategy was also conducted, and the variation of surface roughness caused by the different number of contours has been analyzed, along with the fabrication of the Ti6Al4V denture bracket. Results showed that the inclined surface roughness could be improved by the triple contour method to an average roughness (Ra) of 3.5 μm. An average surface roughness of less than 4.3 μm and a relative density of 99.8% have been achieved at the same time using the skin-core and triple contour strategy. The curved surface and overhanging structure quality of the denture bracket was also improved. This work provided a novel approach for the additive manufacturing of a medical titanium alloy.
Combination Therapy in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Authors: Ahmad Raies , Saraf Aditiya , Kishore Kamal , Gupta Nitika
Published: September 2020

AIMS & OBJECTIVES- to evaluate response of combination of b.i.d(twice daily) PPI(Proton pump inhibitors) plus nocturnal H2RAs (H-2 Receptor antagonists) in laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.

MATERIAL & METHODS- The present study was conducted on 100 patients between age group of 25-70 years attending ENT OPD of SMGS Hospital, GMC Jammu during a time period of November 2017 to September 2019.Inclusion criteria for our study were patients with symptoms of GERD (both esophageal and extraesophageal). Exclusion criteria were patients other associated gastrointestinal complaints, patients suffering from URTI and patients having symptoms less than a month.Patients were prescribed acid suppression therapy consisting of twice daily dose of  PPI (Omeprazole 20 mg) plus bed time H2RA (Rantidine 150 mg) for four months and reviewed after every 15 days.

 RESULTS- Out of 100 patients, 71% patients showed improvement symptomatically at the end of four months and laryngeal findings resolved in 55% of patients.

CONCLUSION- The combination of symptoms and laryngoscopic findings both show improvement with b.i.d PPIs. Additional nocturnal H2RA had minimal effect on response rate.
Computer Science in the Management of Operating Theatres: A Challenge for Sub-Saharan Anaesthetists and Resuscitation Medical Doctors
Authors: Diedhiou M. , Tendeng JN. , Barboza D. , Diallo A. K. , Diao ML. , Camara G. , Konate I.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Anesthetists and resuscitation doctors often coordinate the management of operating theaters. Information systems that are an importants tools for operating theatre management are not commonly used in Senegal. The objective of this study is to evaluate the contribution of computer sciences in improving the management and quality of care in the operating theatre. Material and Method: Prospective evaluation over one year of the quality of the standardized discharge summaries (anaesthetic and surgical protocols) provided by the SIMENS software based on the analysis of a Hospital Information System (HIS) use indicators: comprehensiveness, completeness, and validity. Results: The overall comprehensiveness on the use of the Information System (IS) in the Operative Room (OR) was 89%, the completeness of the fields was optimal in 96.6% of the cases for the operating protocols and in 80% of the cases for the anesthetic protocols. 64% of the anesthetic protocols were considered valid compared to 73.3% validity for the surgical protocols. Discussion/Conclusion: The computerization of operating theatres is a long-term process and will ultimately improve the quality of care by having an impact on quality management. Improving the indicators of practical use of an IS in the operating theatre (comprehensiveness, completeness and validity of RSS) requires good involvement of all actors of the theatre environment. The benefits of computerization would be more relevant once the services associated with the operating theatre (hospital services, stretcher-boarding, etc.) are connected to the computer system, but also by automating the input of information to be included in anaesthetic and surgical protocols.
Pentingnya Evaluasi Pendidikan Islam Dalam Proses Pembelajaran
Authors: Mustika Hannisa
Published: September 2020

This study discusses important of evaluation of education in learning. In the world of Islamic education, all teaching and learning activities are carried out well to achieve an educational goal. In Islamic education, the main goal to be achieved is to increase the faith and piety to Allah SWT. However, at this time a lot of Islamic schools that have not been able to achieve the goals of Islamic education. Many students who do not practice the knowledge obtained from school. For this reason, an education evaluation is needed so that educators and students can find out where their mistakes are. Educational evaluation aims to assess the extent to which learning is obtained by students. With this evaluation teachers and students are expected to be able to optimize the teaching and learning process in the classroom.
Student Social Conflicts with Teacher and Its Handling on Guidance and Counseling
Authors: Ihsandi Aldi , Diniaty Amirah
Published: September 2020

Qualitative approach was used in this research and it was in the term of the type of data.  The qualitative approach type was a research producing qualitative descriptive data, an approach produced data in the forms of written or spoken words of people and behaviors that could be observed.  This research aimed at knowing the causes of student social conflicts with teachers at State Junior High School 1 Bandar Laksamana, Bengkalis Regency, Riau and its handling by a Guidance and Counseling teacher.  The subjects of this research were the students, and the objects were student social conflicts with teachers and its handling on Guidance and at State Junior High School 1 Bandar Laksamana, Bengkalis Regency, Riau.  The main informants were 9 persons.  The informants were 4 students having social conflicts with teachers, 4 teachers having social conflicts with students, and a Guidance and Counseling teacher.  Interview and documentation were the techniques of collecting the data.  The research findings showed that the causes of student social conflicts with teachers at State Junior High School 1 Bandar Laksamana, Bengkalis Regency, Riau were (1) communication, (2) coming late to the class, (3) not doing the assignment, (4) truanting or not joining the learning, (5) smoking, and (6) dissent.  Its handling by a Guidance and Counseling teacher was (1) giving advice, (2) giving punishment, (3) giving a service in Guidance and Counseling, (4) the role of parents, and (5) the handling by the headmaster.
Kecemasan Mahasiswa Fresh Graduate Dalam Melamar Pekerjaan
Authors: Nurjanah Anisa Siti
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to describe the level of anxiety of fresh graduate students applying for jobs. The research focuses on the phonemenon of many fresh graduate students who are unemployed because they feel anxious in applying jobs. Research using library research methods. The data that researchers use in the form of books and journals related to the research topic. The data obtained were analyzed using content analysis techniqus. The results showed that students tend to be more anxious when applying for jobs, especially at the interview stage than if they would be unemployed. Factors that make fresh graduate students feel anxious are the lack of soft skills, lack of information about job and lack of confidence in one’s own abilities.
PENGARUH PELAYANAN DAN DAYA TARIK PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUASAN NASABAH KREDIT UMUM BANK EKA BUMI ARTHA KOTA METRO
Authors: Ali Karnila
Published: September 2020

Method used in this research was explanatory survey. It was a quantitative research with service, product appeal, and customer satisfaction as the object. The research population was Eka Bumi Arta Bank Metro City customers with a total sample of 80 customers taken by accidental sampling technique. The decision making of the analysis-based research result was using multiple linear regression analysis. The research is to analyze the effect of service and product appeal on satisfaction of general credit customers at Eka Bumi Artha Bank Metro City. It was a descriptive qualitative research, a research procedure that produces descriptive data based on the result of quantitative analysis of research variables. Data collection techniques used were interview, documentation, and questionnaire. Analytical tool used was data quality analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The conclusion is that the service analysis result has a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Product appeal has a significant effect on customer satisfaction. In addition, Service and Product Appeal simultaneously have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. It can be said that the independent variables have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction based on these results. Keywords : Service, Product Appeal, Customer Satisfaction.
ANALISIS MODAL KERJA PADA KOPERASI SERBA USAHA DI KOTA METRO
Authors: Budi Riyanto Kuncoro
Published: September 2020

Modal kerja merupakan suatu kekayaan yang digunakan untuk membelanjai perusahaan sehari-hari. Modal kerja biasanya berbentuk uang kas, piutang, persediaan barang yang kesemuanya itu masuk dalam struktur neraca aktiva lancar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efisiensi sumber modal kerja pada koperasi serba usaha jurai siwo pada tahun 2010 s/d 2014. Dan untuk mengetahui perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi pada posisi modal kerja pada tahun 2010 s/d 2014Berdasarkan hasil penelitian analisis laporan sumber dan penggunaan modal kerja pada KSU “JUSI” pada periode 2010-2011 mengalami kenaikan modal kerja sebesar Rp. 136.250.257,0. Pada periode 2011-2012 mengalami penurunan modal kerja sebesar Rp. 192.238.816,00. Pada periode 2012-2013 KSU “JUSI” mengalami penurunan modal kerja kembali sebesar Rp. 2.136.997.717,00. KSU “JUSI” pada periode 2013-2014 mengalami penurunan modal kerja sebesar Rp. 1.881.785.781,00. Berdasarkan analisis laporan sumber dan penggunaan modal kerja pada KSU “JUSI” perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi pada posisi modal kerja periode 2010-2011 yakni SHU Tahun 2011 sebesar Rp. 766.300.817,00  dan sumber modal yang terendah berasal dari berkurangnya simpanan pokok sebesar Rp. 1.195.000,00. Penggunaan modal kerja yang paling besar adalah penurunan SHU Tahun 2010 Rp. 729.873.299,00  dan disusul oleh pelunasan hutang BSM sebesar Rp. 931.791.904,00.Pada periode 2011-2012 sumber modal kerja berasal dari penjualan kendaraan sebesar Rp. 3.050.000,00 dan dari hasil operasi KSU “JUSI” sebesar Rp. 766.300.817,00 sumber modal yang utama berasal dari hutang pembiayaan BSM sebesar Rp. 1.095.141.093,00 . penggunaan modal kerja yang utama berasal dari kerugian SHU Tahun 2012 sebesar Rp. 786.558.737.Periode 2012-2013 sumber modal yang mendominasi adalah pelunasan hutang BSM sebesar Rp. 2.828.765.060,00 Penggunaan modal kerja yang terbesar berasal karena bertambahnya bangunan dan inventaris kantor sebesar Rp. 4.363.052.508,00 dan kerugian SHU Tahun 2013 sebesar Rp. 763.812.676,00. Pada periode tahun 2013-2014 sumber modal berasal dari pelunasan hutang BSM sebesar Rp. 2.463.154.171 sedangkan sumber modal yang terendah berasal dari berkurangnya aktiva lain-lain sebesar Rp. 8.337.499,00. Penggunaan modal yang terbesar perenovasian bangunan dan pembaharuan peralatan kantor dan kerugian tahun sebelumnya. Kata kunci : Modal kerja, sumber dan pengunaan dana.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN TUNNELING INCENTIVE DAN MEKANISME BONUS TERHADAP PRAKTIK PENGHINDARAN PAJAK
Authors: Fali Rifan Dinda
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan tunneling incentive dan mekanisme bonus terhadap praktik penghindaran pajak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perusahaan multinasional sebagai perusahaan yang memiliki hubungan dengan pihak berelasi akan memiliki kemudahan dalam melakukan tunneling incentive pada transaksi transfer pricing. Kondisi ini merupakan upaya penghindaran pajak yaitu melalui manipulasi beban pajak. Selain itu, faktor non-pajak yang menjadi motif praktik penghindaran pajak adalah mekanisme bonus. Penerapan mekanisme bonus dapat mengindikasi perusahaan untuk melakukan praktik penghindaran pajak karena direksi dan manajemen memanipulasi laba perusahaan dengan tujuan memperoleh bonus.
PROFIT PLANNING ANALYSIS WITH BREAK EVEN POINT APPROACH (BEP) ON BANANA CHIPS BUSINESS “BERKAH JAYA” IN METRO CITY
Authors: Ekasari Khanifah Kiki , Septiana Nani
Published: September 2020

Planning a good profit will affect the industry's success in obtaining the optimal profit. Profit planning contains measures that will be taken for the industry to reach the magnitude of the desire profit target. Analysis of the Break Even Point is one way or technique use by the leadership of the company to find out on the volume of production or sales volume what is the company operating under the conditions of no benefit nor suffer losses. In General, this analysis also provides information on the Margin of Safety that has uses as an indication and an overview to the management what is the drop in sales can be estimating so that the efforts undertaken do not suffer losses. The purpose of this study is to (1) know the sales volume of the banana chips business berkah jaya to achieve break even point in january until december 2016 (2) knowing the great margin of safety achieved by the banana chips business berkah jaya in january until december 2016 (3) know the minimum amount of sales to be achieved by the banana chips business berkah jaya in order to meet the desire profit target in january until december 2016. Type of this research is descriptive research with quantitative approach. The source of the data used in this research is the primary data and secondary data.The analysis is the analysis of the Break Even Point, the Margin of Safety. The result of showed that based on the calculation of Break Even Point on Banana Chips Business Berkah Jaya on the rupiah is Rp. 8.465.006,51 and based on the units of 995 units in January 2016, amounting to Rp. 11.668.829,29 and 1372 units in February 2016, amounting to Rp. 14.077.171,05 and 1655 units by March 2016, amounting to Rp.12.622.901,73 and 1602 unit in april 2016, amounting to Rp. 9.515.236,749 and 1239 units in may 2016, amounting to Rp. 9.734.292,745 and 1145 units in June 2016, amounting to Rp. 8.297.777,357 and 967 units in July 2016, amounting to Rp. 10.349.909,75 and 1217 units in August 2016, amounting to Rp. 8.830.427,534 and 1034 units in september 2016, amounting to Rp. 11.516.173,31 and 1354 units in October 2016, amounting to Rp. 14.669.596,67 and 1725 units in november 2016, and Rp. 15.031.310,22 and 1965 units in December 2016. Keyword : Profit Planning, Break Even Point, Margin of Safety.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, RISIKO BISNIS TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR KIMIA YANG DI INDONESIA
Authors: Dinayu Chani , Sinaga Devi ana , Sakuntala D.
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the financial ratios represented by capital structure (DER), company size (ln total assets), business risk (DOL) to firm value. Data collection techniques using purposive sampling and obtained as many as 17 sample companies from 73 populations of chemical sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2014-2018 period. The analysis model uses multiple linear regression. Based on the results of the coefficient test, the R square value of 0.749 shows that the correlation or closeness of the relationship of capital structure, company size, business risk and company value is only 74.9%. Adjusted R Square value of 0.735 indicates that the variable capital structure, company size, and business risk explains the variable to the company value of 73.5%. In the F test shows that the value of Fcount> Ftable (53,644> 2.78) so that simultaneously DER, ln total assets, DOL affect the value of the company in the chemical sub-sector of 2014-2018. Whereas the T-test for Company Size is 0.00, which means it has a partial effect on Company Value. Based on these results it is recommended for investors to pay more attention to the value of DER, ln total assets, DOL before investing.
Utilización de TIC para la innovación en el Prácticum
Authors: Raposo-Rivas Manuela , Quadros-Flores Paula , Martínez-Figueira Esther , Pereira da Silva Armando , Tellado-González Fernando
Published: September 2020

Las oportunidades de las TIC en el Prácticum han sido objeto de estudio y análisis durante los últimos años, tanto para la gestión de este período formativo como para su tutorización y seguimiento, la búsqueda de información y la comunicación entre los implicados. En menor medida se ha indagado sobre sus posibilidades para la evaluación, la participación y la innovación educativa. Este trabajo se centra en el conocimiento que sobre las TIC poseen y la utilización que realizan 29 futuros docentes durante su período de prácticas curriculares. La información obtenida a través de un cuestionario creado ad hoc, permite concluir que durante este período formativo es escaso el uso de creativo e interactivo de los recursos tecnológicos, así como la práctica de metodologías innovadoras y activas en contextos reales.
Recensión del libro: Qué le está pasando a la Universidad. Un análisis sociológico de su infantilización
Authors: Martínez Romera Daniel David
Published: September 2020

Pocas veces a lo largo de su historia la Universidad se ha visto amenazada, cuando no condicionada en su naturaleza, de forma tan clara y profunda como en la actualidad. En apenas unos decenios su tradicional función como espacio para ladiscusión y la experimentación, el cuestionamiento de ideas establecidas y, en definitiva, la libertad de pensamiento y el debate público, ha dado paso a la imposición de la emoción a la razón. Mediante formas cada vez menos taimadas de coerción individual, o colectiva, ante la disidencia. Por ello, el profundo estudio sociológico del profesor Frank Furedi es, a la vez, pertinente y necesario.
O jovem médico: a trajetória profissional nos quatro primeiros anos de formados de uma instituição no norte do país – coorte prospectiva.
Authors: Caldas Cezar Augusto Muniz , Ferreira Luana Bastos de Mont’Alverne , De Assunção Luciano Moura
Published: September 2020

Introdução: O estudo sobre a inserção dos médicos no mercado de trabalho representa uma oportunidade para compreender situações como, por exemplo, de que forma o curso tem preparado os estudantes para o exercício profissional ou como as demandas do mercado de trabalho moldam a trajetória e a vida deste profissional. Objetivos: Analisar a inserção dos médicos no mercado de trabalho nos quatro primeiros anos de formados. Metodologia: Estudo prospectivo, descritivo e analítico, a partir da população de 122 médicos formados em 2013 e 2014 em uma instituição pública. Resultados: No momento da pesquisa, 86,7% atuavam na assistência direta ao paciente, especialmente no setor público (61,5%) e residindo em capital (82,2%). A maioria dos egressos realizou concurso para Residência Médica (RM) (91,1%), sendo que as principais especialidades prestadas nos concursos foram Clínica Médica, Cirurgia Geral e Radiologia. O tempo de trabalho dedicado aos níveis primário e terciário de atenção à saúde foram significativamente maiores do que o desejado na conclusão do curso. Quanto à renda salarial, 57,7% considerava-se satisfeito ou muito satisfeito com a renda, apesar de 97,7% considerarem a medicina uma profissão desgastante. Conclusão: Os egressos analisados possuem forte inserção em serviços terciários, possivelmente relacionado ao predomínio de entrevistados cursando RM, mesmo fato que pode explicar a não interiorização dos participantes da pesquisa. Chama atenção a falta de interesse por especialidades de caráter mais generalista, especialmente a Medicina de Família e Comunidade. Por fim, a despeito da maioria ter alcançado satisfação financeira, a grande maioria considera a profissão desgastante.
Efeitos do treinamento aeróbico e resistido sobre a qualidade de vida e funcionalidade em pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise
Authors: De Oliveira Fabrício Guimarães , Campos Daniel Luiz Soares , Moreira Maria Luíza Botelho , Sampaio Walkyria Oliveira , Santiago Nívia Maria
Published: September 2020

Introdução: Doentes renais crônicos terminais, que necessitam de diálise com regularidade podem apresentar alterações metabólicas, cardiovasculares e musculoesqueléticas. Alguns estudos demonstraram que essas alterações interferem negativamente na qualidade de vida e funcionalidade desses pacientes em hemodiálise. Objetivo: Realizar uma busca sistemática da literatura sobre os efeitos de treinamentos aeróbicos e resistidos realizados no período intradialítico sobre a qualidade de vida e funcionalidade em pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, PEDro e Scielo. Sendo inclusos estudos com metodologia e protocolo de treinamento claramente descritos, que abordassem modalidades de exercícios aeróbicos ou resistidos realizados no período intradialítico em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise. Resultados: Dos 443 artigos encontrados, apenas 6 se adequaram aos critérios de inclusão e participaram da revisão. Os desfechos de interesse foram as variáveis do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos, incremental shuttle walk test, step-test de 4 minutos, sit-to-stand de 1 minuto, força de preensão palmar, manovacuometria e o questionário Kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument. As modalidades de treinamento resistido incluíram o fortalecimento dos membros superiores e inferiores e dos músculos inspiratórios, a modalidade aeróbica consistiu de treino em cicloergômetro ou bicicleta ergométrica. Conclusão: Embora não foi possível estabelecer qual tipo de intervenção é mais eficiente, independente da modalidade estudada, o exercício físico durante a hemodiálise pode apresentar benefícios na qualidade de vida e funcionalidade dos pacientes renais crônicos.
Perfil epidemiológico, função pulmonar e incidência de hipoventilação dos pacientes com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica de um hospital referência de uma capital brasileira: um estudo transversal retrospectivo
Authors: Polese Janaíne Cunha , Pessoa Bruno Porto , Morais Lucas Carneiro , Valle Myllena Harriman Fernandes do
Published: September 2020

Introdução: A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença que se manifesta pela degeneração dos neurônios motores superiores e inferiores. A degeneração dos neurônios provoca a perda de contração muscular voluntária e o controle dos movimentos, de forma importante sobre os músculos respiratórios, o que leva à uma expectativa de vida máxima de três a cinco anos após o início dos sintomas. As evidências sugerem que o percurso clínico da doença está altamente relacionado a funções e capacidades respiratórias. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico, função pulmonar e incidência de hipoventilação de pacientes portadores de ELA. Metodologia: Estudo transversal retrospectivo, com coletas de dados de prontuários dos pacientes que já vieram a óbito atendidos no setor Distrofias do Hospital Júlia Kubitschek de Belo Horizonte. Resultados: Foram coletados 46 prontuários de paciente com ELA com média de idade de 59,98±11,66 com 63,8% do sexo masculino e 84,8% com diagnóstico de ELA esporádica. O tempo de evolução da doença foi em média de 3,37±2,87 anos. Apresentaram em média capacidade vital de 1,19±0,57 litros e com presença de hipoventilação alveolar em 90,3% dos indivíduos. Conclusão: A grande maioria dos dados foram compatíveis com a literatura atual e com o curso clínico da doença, porém ainda são necessários mais estudos dessas variáveis para melhor caracterização desses pacientes.
Triterpenos e atividade carrapaticida da espécie Lecythis usitata (Lecythidaceae)
Authors: Pereira Sinval Garcia , Guilhon Giselle Maria Skelding Pinheiro
Published: September 2020

Introdução: A resistência do Rhipicephalus microplus (carrapato do gado) aos acaricidas sintéticos deu origem à necessidade de novas investigações científicas sobre formas alternativas de controlá-lo. Objetivos: Desta formam o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a investigação química de folhas de Lecythis usitata e avaliar o efeito acaricida sobre larvas e fêmeas de R. microplus dos extratos, frações e substâncias identificadas. Metodologia: As folhas de L. usitata foram extraídas com hexano e, posteriormente com metanol. O extrato de metanólico (PFQP) foi particionado, obtendo-se fração acetato de etila (PFQO) que foi fracionada por procedimentos cromatográficos produzindo triterpenos. O efeito acaricida foi avaliado contra R. microplus usando o teste de pacotes larvais e teste de imersão de fêmeas. Resultados: O melhor resultado foi observado para o PFQO que causou 97% de mortalidade quando uma solução de 20% foi usada. Na mesma concentração, o extrato polar PFQP mostrou 91% de mortalidade. Conclusão: Os efeitos biológicos variaram de acordo com os extratos e as concentrações das frações. O Friedelanol, como principal composto identificado, e mistura dos triterpenos α-amyrinas e β-amyrins, taraxerol e lupeol foram inativos, considerando os parâmetros e concentrações testados.
Palavras - chaves: Friedelanol; Rhipicephalus microplus; Sapucaia
Философский анализ научной революции в новом аспекте
Authors: Krushanov A.A.
Published: September 2020

Научная революция – это традиционный объект философского анализа. После введения этого понятия Т. Куном образ научной революции стал глубже и точнее за счет учета того, что научная революция – это смена не только и не просто лидирующих теорий, но и системы оснований научного познания. После такого изменения образа научной революции он далее уже серьезно не менялся. Проблема состоит в том, что этот образ пока недостаточно реалистичен. Для того, чтобы усилить реалистичность образа научной революции, автор статьи предлагает рассматривать ее по-новому, как «фазовый», ступенчатый процесс.

Ключевые слова: научная революция, Т. Кун, В.С. Степин, основания науки, протопарадигма, фазовая модель, Коперник
Trace-elements in sulfides of the Dergamysh cobalt-bearing massive sulfide deposit, the Southern Urals: Mode of occurrence and matter sources
Authors: Melekestseva I. Yu. , Maslennikov V. V. , Maslennikova S. P.
Published: September 2020

Subject of study. The article presents the results of study of trace elements (TEs) in sulfides of the main ore body (borehole 1T) and the northwestern ore body (borehole 200) of the Dergamysh cobalt-bearing massive sulfide deposit hosted in serpentinites (South Urals). Materials and methods. The chalcopyrite-pyrite-marcasite sandstones of the main ore body and pyrite-chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite “gravelites” of its northwestern satellite were studied with laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma. Results. The TE contents, distribution and mode of occurrence differ in sulfides of the main ore body and its northwestern satellite. In ores of the main ore body, most TEs (Ag, Sn, Mn, As, Co, Ni, Te, Pb, Au) accumulate in pyrite-1, pyrite-marcasite aggregates concentrate Tl and Bi, marcasite is a host to Mo and Sb, and chalcopyrite contains Zn, Se and Cd. Pyrite-2 is depleted in TEs relative to other sulfides. In sulfides of the northwestern satellite, most TEs are related to chalcopyrite (Bi, Te, Zn, Cd, Se, Pb, Au, Tl, Ni, Co). Tin accumulates in cubanite, As and Ni are hosted in pyrite-4, Ag, Mn and Mo are concentrated in pyrrhotite, Sb is typical of pyrite-3, and Co accumulates in pyrite-2. Conclusions. Based on the correlation analysis, it is shown that sulfides of the main ore body and its northwestern satellite are characterized by different mode of TE occurrences. The differences are explained by two main reasons: 1) “mafic” and “ultramafic” metal sources for sulfides of the main ore body and its northwestern satellite, respectively, and 2) different degree of diagenetic alteration of sulfides.
Strike-slip fault tectogenesis in formation of the East Sikhote-Alin volcano-plutonic belt: Structural and dynamic analysis
Authors: Utkin V. P. , Mitrokhin A. N. , Nevolin P. L. , Yushmanov Y. P.
Published: September 2020

Study object. The role of strike-slip fault tectogenesis in magmatism of the large (North Eastern Primorye) fragment of the Eastern Sikhote-Alin volcano-plutonic belt (ESAVPB) is studied. Materials and methods. The materials of geological mapping and field geostructural thematic-line research are used. Study methods are based on the concept of the geostructural patterns being formed by lateral, namely, strike-slip movements of crustal blocks. Results. There is recognized the system of the NE-trending sinistral faults, whose activation taken place during two stages. The pre-Late-Cretaceous fold-and-strike-slip-fault (orogenic) stage is characterized by the widely developed fold system within the stratified formations covering active strike-slip faults of the pre-Mesozoic consolidated basement. By the Late Cretaceous, the strike-slip faults cut the fold system into narrow blocks, creating the preconditions for the strike-slip faults’ activation during the next destructionand-strike-slip-fault (riftogenic) stage (Late Cretaceous – Cenozoic). During the latter, the strike-slip faults were activated under transtension (strike slip with extension) with formation of volcano-tectonic extension structures (VTES) nearcrosswise the strike-slip faults. The VTES played, on the one hand, the role of magma-feeding channels. On the other hand, the extension caused preconditions for formation of the depression subsidences that accumulated large volumes of the volcanics covering and «crosslinking» the VTES, resulting in wide development of volcanic covers within the ESAVPB. Conclusion. The VTES’ opening is thereby the effect of lateral (strike-slip) displacements of continental geoblocks that is not consistent with a priori ideas of the development of the East Sikhote-Alin volcano-plutonic belt under the oceanic plates’ subduction. The resulting materials complement the formulations according to which the East Asian volcanic belt formed under the structural-and-dynamic conditions being caused by the evolution of the East Asian global strike-slip fault zone resulting from displacement of the Asian continent to the south-west under the Earth’s rotational geodynamics.
A educação de jovens e adultos no documento final do Seminário Nacional de Educação de Jovens e Adultos
Authors: Macedo Moreira de Paiva Ricardo
Published: September 2020

Durante os anos de 1996 e 1997, houve um intenso movimento de educação de jovens e adultos no Brasil. Em especial, um fator teve papel relevante neste cenário: a realização da V Conferência Internacional de Educação de Adultos. Diante deste fator, houve uma grande produção textual. Neste artigo – desenvolvido no interior do quadro teórico da Análise do Discurso, considerando, em especial, as propostas de Dominique Maingueneau – parto de uma suposição: a de que, no texto do Documento Final do Seminário Nacional de Educação de Jovens e Adultos, há um posicionamento discursivo – a educação de jovens e adultos como instrumento de equalização social. Assim, por meio do estudo deste posicionamento este artigo busca refletir sobre como a nossa sociedade tem tratado a educação de jovens e adultos.
Jaime Fernandes Simões e a construção de narrativas sobre a art brut em Portugal
Authors: Franco Stefanie Gil
Published: September 2020

Este artigo narra a história de Jaime Fernandes a partir de imaginários que se formam em torno da noção de art brut, conformando-lhe qualidades específicas enquanto sujeito louco e artista. Neste sentido, trabalha-se com os discursos produzidos pela crítica de arte portuguesa, em especial entre os anos de 1970 e 1980  do século XX, em encontro com as teorias psiquiátricas que fundamentam noções e qualificativos para as expressões dos sujeitos asilados. O caso de Jaime Fernandes é peculiar no sentido em que dá origem a estas discussões em Portugal, sendo ele considerado o primeiro grande artista descoberto nos termos da art brut no país. Propõe-se, sobretudo, conhecer o sujeito Jaime Fernandes a partir do cruzamento destes discursos e proposições conceituais, colaborando numa perspectiva mais ampla para o debate de noções como art brut e outsider art.
Allergy immunotherapy: Future directions for the 2020s
Authors: Nelson Harold S.
Published: September 2020

Allergy immunotherapy (AIT), whether administered as subcutaneous immunotherapy or as sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), is an effective treatment for sensitization to inhalant allergens. There remain, however, some important unresolved issues, such as the need for compelling evidence
for or against the efficacy of treatment with multiple unrelated allergen extracts and optimal dosing with SLIT-liquid preparations. Both methods of AIT involve prolonged periods of treatment to achieve persisting benefit. This can be inconvenient and expensive, and failure to complete the
period of prescribed treatment is common with both methods. New approaches are being developed and studied to make AIT more effective, safer, or more convenient. Among these approaches are using alternative routes of administration; using adjuvants, including vitamin D, Toll-like receptor
ligand agonists, biologics, or probiotics; introducing additional SLIT tablets; defining the patterns of major and minor allergen sensitivity of patients and the content of allergen extracts to better match sensitization with treatment; and treating cats to reduce their allergen release. The
allergen molecules themselves are being altered to make them less reactive with specific immunoglobulin E, both by creating allergoids and by using recombinant technology to produce modified allergen molecules. Which, if any, of these new approaches will become part of AIT practice in the
next decade depends in part on their efficacy and in part on the availability of the resources to adequately study them.
Effect of perennial dust mites allergy on symptom severity of autumn allergic rhinitis in adults
Authors: Xu Qingqing , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Luo
Published: September 2020

Background: Multiple immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated sensitizations and/or allergies often coexist in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Several simultaneous allergen exposures in multiple IgE-mediated sensitizations and/or allergies may increase the allergen load and
be related to disease severity. No study has verified whether positive allergen serum IgE levels and allergen categories together are associated with AR severity in adults. Objective: To investigate the effects of perennial dust mites (DMs) allergy and multiple serum sIgE-mediated
autumn pollen allergy coexistence on symptom severity in adult patients with AR in autumn. Methods: In total, 153 patients with AR and with autumn pollen allergy (Artemisia argyi, ragweed, and hop) with or without DMs allergy were recruited in the autumn pollen season.
Symptom severity was assessed by using the Chinese version of the visual analog scale (VAS): four rhinitis symptoms (sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal pruritus, and nasal congestion) and two ocular symptoms (ocular itching and/or grittiness and/or redness, and ocular tearing) were scored at approximately
the same period. We measured allergen serum sIgE levels for the inhaled allergens. The effects of DMs allergy and multiple autumn pollen allergy coexistence on symptom severity were analyzed. Results: Neither the sum of the autumn pollen allergens categories (total number
of positive autumn pollen allergens, i.e., Artemisia argyi or ragweed or hop positive: 1; Artemisia argyi and ragweed positive: 2; Artemisia argyi, ragweed, and hop positive: 3) nor serum sIgE levels( total sIgE levels of positive autumn pollen allergens) exerted any influence on the severity
of nasal and ocular symptoms (p > 0.05). When the concomitant DMs allergy status was considered, the sum of the positive autumn pollen allergen categories and accumulated positive autumn pollen and DMs serum sIgE levels (total levels of serum sIgE of positive autumn pollen
allergens plus the levels of serum sIgE of DMs) had no influence on patients’ symptom severity (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The coexistence of perennial DMs allergy and multiple autumn pollen allergy did not affect the severity of symptoms among adult
patients with AR and with autumn pollen allergy in autumn.
Diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis
Authors: Hearrell Melissa , Anagnostou Aikaterini
Published: September 2020

Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may be life threatening. An informal review of the literature was performed in a nonsystematic way for this article. Key published work was identified and included. The incidence and prevalence of anaphylaxis have
increased over time. Anaphylaxis is unpredictable and can be the result of various allergic triggers, including food, insect venom, and medication. In children, the most frequent trigger is food. The diagnosis is based on clinical criteria. After confirmation of the relevant allergen trigger,
prevention occurs through strict avoidance of the allergen and optimal management of existing comorbidities. Patients with anaphylaxis require immediate assessment and treatment. The management of a patient with anaphylaxis should start with the removal of exposure to the known or suspected
trigger, followed by the assessment of the patient’s circulation, airway patency, breathing, and mental status. The administration of epinephrine at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg (1:1000) intramuscularly is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, and there are no absolute contraindications
to this treatment. The maximum single dose of epinephrine is 0.5 mg and may be repeated after 5‐10 minutes if needed. After administration of epinephrine, patients with anaphylaxis should be placed supine with their lower limbs elevated. They should not be placed in the upright position.
Studies of fatal and near-fatal allergic reactions identified potential risk factors for fatalities such as asthma, peanuts and/or tree nuts, and delayed epinephrine use, and provided important information that may help minimize the future risk. Patients and their families need to be well
educated on how to manage potential anaphylactic reactions with training in the use of epinephrine autoinjectors and personalized emergency management plans. Health care professionals must be familiar with this clinical emergency and able to respond to anaphylaxis in a timely and appropriate
manner.
Food allergy and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Brown-Whitehorn Terri , Spergel Jonathan M.
Published: September 2020

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a non‐immunoglobulin E mediated disorder that has been seen with increasing frequency over the past 25 years. Although the presentation varies per age group from vomiting and refusal to eat in infants and toddlers to abdominal pain and dysphagia
in school-aged children, and food impaction and indigestion in adolescents and adults. Treatment options include proton-pump inhibitors, dietary avoidance, swallowed steroids, or a combination of these. Newer therapies with biologics show promise in early studies. Cow’s milk is the most
common food trigger of EoE across all age groups, followed by wheat and eggs. Different dietary avoidance strategies have been used, and help from a knowledgeable nutritionist is often key to success. Patients with EoE commonly have other baseline atopic disease. Clinicians who take care of
patients who are atopic, therefore, should have a higher index of suspicion for EoE in patients with dysphagia. The goals of treatment are both a decrease in symptoms and normalization of esophageal histology. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases are less common and less likely to respond
to dietary therapies and/or avoidance. Pathogenesis seems to be different and may be more autoimmune mediated. Trialing dietary restrictions is certainly an option in this cohort of patients. For persistent symptoms and abnormalities, systemic medications have been used, although biologics
may be used in the future. Additional studies are needed to determine which patients will respond to which therapies.
Genetically modified foods and food allergy
Authors: Su Stefani , Ezhuthachan Idil Daloglu , Ponda Punita
Published: September 2020

Genetic modification of foods is one of the many ways of processing that can enhance foods to increase desirable qualities, such as herbicide tolerance, bacteria and insect resistance, improved nutritional value, and delayed ripening. However, a theoretical potential to increase the
allergenicity of food proteins has been the subject of concern from critics. To prevent adverse effects from genetically modified (GM) crops, national and international organizations tightly regulate their production and recommend rigorous safety testing. Some safety tests were developed to
assess potential allergenicity by studying the product’s similarity to known allergenic proteins, its resistance to pepsin digestion, and its binding to immunoglobulin E (IgE) from sera of patients with known relevant allergies. To date, these safety assessments have only identified
rare GM foods with the potential to lead to immunologic reactions. These foods were stopped from being marketed commercially, and the products on the market now have passed required safety assessments. The rise in the prevalence of food allergy preceded the commercialization of GM foods and
has also occurred in countries with limited access to GM crops, which highlights a lack of causative association between the two. Several studies provided further reassurance with no evidence of higher potency in specific IgE binding to GM foods. There are no studies that demonstrate adverse
reactions due to GM food consumption, and GM foods may have the beneficial potential to silence major allergenic proteins. Therefore, physicians and other health-care professionals should counsel patients that the scientific data do not support an increased risk of allergic responses to GM
foods.
Additives and preservatives: Role in food allergy
Authors: Pepper Amber N. , Sriaroon Panida , Glaum Mark C.
Published: September 2020

Food additives are natural or synthetic substances added to foods at any stage of production to enhance flavor, texture, appearance, preservation, safety, or other qualities. Common categories include preservatives and antimicrobials, colorings and dyes, flavorings, antioxidants, stabilizers,
and emulsifiers. Natural substances rather than synthetics are more likely to cause hypersensitivity. Although rare, food additive hypersensitivity should be suspected in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions to multiple, unrelated foods, especially if the foods are prepared
outside of the home or when using commercial products. A complete and thorough history is vital. Skin prick testing and/or specific IgE blood testing to food additives, if available, additive avoidance diets, and blind oral challenges can help establish the diagnosis. Once an allergy to a
food additive is confirmed, management involves avoidance and, if necessary, carrying self-injectable epinephrine.
Immunoglobulin E‐mediated food allergy diagnosis and differential diagnosis
Authors: IV Charles F. Schuler , Gupta Malika , Sanders Georgiana M.
Published: September 2020

Food allergies consist of aberrant immunologic, typically immunoglobulin E mediated, reactions that involve food proteins. A clinical history with regard to the suspected food, temporal associations, the duration of symptoms, characteristic symptom complex, and reproducibility in some
cases is the key to making an accurate diagnosis. The differential diagnosis includes, for example, other immunologic adverse food reactions, nonimmunologic adverse food reactions, and reactions that involve nonfood items. Skin and blood immunoglobulin E testing for the suspected food antigen
can aid the diagnosis in the context of a supportive clinical history. Immunoglobulin E testing for food components may further enhance diagnostic accuracy. Novel testing modalities are under development but are not yet ready to replace the current paradigm. Thus, double-blinded placebo controlled
oral food challenge is considered the criterion standard of testing, although unblinded oral food challenges are usually confirmatory.
Common food allergens and cross-reactivity
Authors: Francis Olivia L. , Wang Kathleen Y. , Kim Edwin H. , Moran Timothy P.
Published: September 2020

The most clinically relevant food allergens are cow’s milk, hen’s egg, peanut, tree nuts, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish, and seeds. Heat-stable food allergens have molecular characteristics that enhance protein stability and gastrointestinal absorption and thus are more likely
to cause systemic reactions on ingestion. In contrast, heat-labile food allergens lack these characteristics and do not typically elicit reactions if sufficiently altered by heat or acid. Immunologic cross-sensitization between food allergens is more common than clinical cross-reactivity.
However, certain groups of food allergens, such as tree nuts, fish, and shellfish, are associated with high rates of clinical cross-reactivity. Knowing the rates of clinical cross-reactivity is important when providing guidance to patients with food allergy and families on what foods can be
safely added to the diet and what foods should be avoided.