bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Synchronization and Shock Characteristics of an Air Adjustment Mechanism for Cluster-Type DTH Hammers under Partial Loads
Authors: Lou Lei , Chen Meng-ju , Qin Wei-ye , Wu Wan-rong , Rui Hong-yan
Published: April 2022

Cluster down-the-hole (DTH) hammers are often used in large-diameter hard rock drilling operations. Due to complex rock formation conditions, cluster DTH hammers cannot adjust the working airflow in time according to rock formation conditions, resulting in frequent damage to cluster DTH hammers and low work efficiency. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes an airflow adjustment mechanism as a solution. In this paper, the operation stability and airflow adjustment characteristics of the adjustment mechanism are studied. The impact characteristics and driving force variation characteristics of the adjustment mechanism under different speeds and loading modes are analyzed, and the results show that the movement impact of the adjustment mechanism increases with the increase of the movement speed of the driving actuator under the same loading mode. With the increase of the eccentric load, the critical movement speed of the driving actuator decreases when the adjustment mechanism moves without impact. The test verifies the synchronization characteristics of the adjustment mechanism under different load modes and different control valves. The results show that, under the condition of uniform load, the synchronization accuracy of the dividing/focusing valve and the proportional valve is good. With the increase of the eccentric load difference, the synchronization performance of the dividing/focusing valve becomes worse, and the average error increases. The test results in this paper are of great significance for guiding the engineering design of cluster DTH hammers.
The Application of Virtual Reality Technology in the Coordination and Interaction of Regional Economy and Culture in the Sustainable Development of Ecotourism
Authors: Huang Guanmei , Wang Zhen
Published: April 2022

Under the background of the new normal economy, ecotourism maintains a good momentum of development. Therefore, it can be foreseen that industrial integration is an inevitable trend in the development of contemporary industries, and the integration of cultural industries and tourism industries will bring good effects to regional economic development. In order to fully study the impact of ecotourism and its applied technologies on regional economy and culture, this paper proposes research on the application of virtual reality technology in the coordination and interaction of regional economy and culture in the sustainable development of ecotourism. The approach of this paper is to study VR technology in digital tourism and then to evaluate the sustainability of ecotourism and economic culture. The role of these methods is to study the interaction process between the tourism industry, regional economy, and cultural industry. It explores the law of action between the three so as to achieve the purpose of system optimization. Taking Henan Province, China, as an example, this paper discusses the application of virtual reality technology in ecotourism and studies the impact of ecotourism on economy and culture. The experimental results show that the average value of ecotourism-economic-cultural coordination degree in Henan Province is 0.399, and it is urgent to apply virtual reality technology in ecotourism.
Overcoming CAR-Mediated CD19 Downmodulation and Leukemia Relapse with T Lymphocytes Secreting Anti-CD19 T-cell Engagers
Authors: Blanco Belén , Ramírez-Fernández Ángel , Bueno Clara , Argemí-Muntadas Lidia , Fuentes Patricia , Aguilar-Sopeña Óscar , Gutierrez-Agüera Francisco , Zanetti Samanta Romina , Tapia-Galisteo Antonio , Díez-Alonso Laura , Segura-Tudela Alejandro , Castellà Maria , Marzal Berta , Betriu Sergi , Harwood Seandean L. , Compte Marta , Lykkemark Simon , Erce-Llamazares Ainhoa , Rubio-Pérez Laura , Jiménez-Reinoso Anaïs , Domínguez-Alonso Carmen , Neves Maria , Morales Pablo , Paz-Artal Estela , Guedan Sonia , Sanz Laura , Toribio María L. , Roda-Navarro Pedro , Juan Manel , Menéndez Pablo , Álvarez-Vallina Luis
Published: April 2022

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–modified T cells have revolutionized the treatment of CD19-positive hematologic malignancies. Although anti-CD19 CAR-engineered autologous T cells can induce remission in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a large subset relapse, most of them with CD19-positive disease. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are clearly needed. Here, we report a comprehensive study comparing engineered T cells either expressing a second-generation anti-CD19 CAR (CAR-T19) or secreting a CD19/CD3-targeting bispecific T-cell engager antibody (STAb-T19). We found that STAb-T19 cells are more effective than CAR-T19 cells at inducing cytotoxicity, avoiding leukemia escape in vitro, and preventing relapse in vivo. We observed that leukemia escape in vitro is associated with rapid and drastic CAR-induced internalization of CD19 that is coupled with lysosome-mediated degradation, leading to the emergence of transiently CD19-negative leukemic cells that evade the immune response of engineered CAR-T19 cells. In contrast, engineered STAb-T19 cells induce the formation of canonical immunologic synapses and prevent the CD19 downmodulation observed in anti-CD19 CAR-mediated interactions. Although both strategies show similar efficacy in short-term mouse models, there is a significant difference in a long-term patient-derived xenograft mouse model, where STAb-T19 cells efficiently eradicated leukemia cells, but leukemia relapsed after CAR-T19 therapy. Our findings suggest that the absence of CD19 downmodulation in the STAb-T19 strategy, coupled with the continued antibody secretion, allows an efficient recruitment of the endogenous T-cell pool, resulting in fast and effective elimination of cancer cells that may prevent CD19-positive relapses frequently associated with CAR-T19 therapies.
Tumor-Associated High Endothelial Venules: Inroads Enabling Immune Control of Cancer Progression
Authors: Gallimore Awen
Published: April 2022

Infiltration of lymphocytes into solid tumors represents a significant bottleneck to successful control of tumor growth. The nature of tumor blood vessels is an important factor governing both quantitative and qualitative features of the immune infiltrate. In this issue, Sawada and colleagues identify a genetic signature for blood vessels, most notably high endothelial venules, which are associated with tertiary lymphoid structures and improved clinical outcome.

See related article by Sawada et al., p. 468 (4).
Lipidomic Profiling of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Extracellular Vesicles Indicates Their Involvement in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Nirujogi Teja Srinivas , Kotha Sainath R. , Chung Sangwoon , Reader Brenda F. , Yenigalla Anita , Zhang Liwen , Shapiro John P. , Wisler Jon , Christman John W. , Maddipati Krishnarao , Parinandi Narasimham L. , Karpurapu Manjula
Published: April 2022

Emerging data support the pivotal role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in normal cellular physiology and disease conditions. However, despite their abundance, there is much less information about the lipid mediators carried in EVs, especially in the context of acute lung injury (ALI). Our data demonstrate that C57BL/6 mice subjected to intranasal Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI release, a higher number of EVs into the alveolar space, compared to saline-treated controls. EVs released during ALI originated from alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, and neutrophils and carry a diverse array of lipid mediators derived from ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The eicosanoids in EVs correlated with cellular levels of arachidonic acid, expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome epoxygenase p450 proteins in pulmonary macrophages. Furthermore, EVs from LPS-toll-like receptor 4 knockout (TLR4-/-) mice contained significantly lower amounts of COX and LOX catalyzed eicosanoids and ω-3 PUFA metabolites. More importantly, EVs from LPS-treated wild-type mice increased TNF-α release by macrophages and reduced alveolar epithelial monolayer barrier integrity compared to EVs from LPS-treated TLR4−/− mice. In summary, our study demonstrates for the first time that the EV carried PUFA metabolite profile in part depends on the inflammatory status of the lung macrophages and modulates pulmonary macrophage and alveolar epithelial cell function during LPS-induced ALI.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for The Early-Onset Type 1 Diabetes. Could It Be a Promising Solution?
Authors: Kasti Arezina
Published: April 2022

Objective: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterised by islet autoimmunity and beta cell destruction. A gut microbiota–immunological interplay is involved in the pathophysiology of T1D. We studied microbiota-mediated effects on disease progression in patients with type 1 diabetes using faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Design: Patients with recent-onset (<6 weeks) T1D (18–30 years of age) were randomised into two groups to receive three autologous or allogenic (healthy donor) FMTs over a period of 4 months. Our primary endpoint was preservation of stimulated C peptide release assessed by mixed-meal tests during 12 months. Secondary outcome parameters were changes in glycaemic control, fasting plasma metabolites, T cell autoimmunity, small intestinal gene expression profile and intestinal microbiota composition. Results: Stimulated C peptide levels were significantly preserved in the autologous FMT group (n = 10 subjects) compared with healthy donor FMT group (n = 10 subjects) at 12 months. Small intestinal Prevotella was inversely related to residual beta cell function (r = −0.55, p = 0.02), whereas plasma metabolites 1-arachidonoyl-GPC and 1-myristoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC levels linearly correlated with residual beta cell preservation (rho = 0.56, p = 0.01 and rho = 0.46, p = 0.042, respectively). Finally, baseline CD4 +CXCR3+T cell counts, levels of small intestinal Desulfovibrio piger and CCL22 and CCL5 gene expression in duodenal biopsies predicted preserved beta cell function following FMT irrespective of donor characteristics. Conclusion: FMT halts decline in endogenous insulin production in recently diagnosed patients with T1D in 12 months after disease onset. Several microbiota-derived plasma metabolites and bacterial strains were linked to preserved residual beta cell function. This study provides insight into the role of the intestinal gut microbiome in T1D. Trial registration number: NTR3697.
The Chronic Conditions Course: A Randomised Controlled Trial of an Internet-Delivered Transdiagnostic Psychological Intervention for People with Chronic Health Conditions
Authors: Dear Blake F. , Scott Amelia J. , Fogliati Rhiannon , Gandy Milena , Karin Eyal , Dudeney Joanne , Nielssen Olav , McDonald Sarah , Heriseanu Andreea I. , Bisby Madelyne A. , Sharpe Louise , Jones Michael P. , Ali Shehzad , Titov Nickolai
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Psychological adjustment to chronic health conditions is important, as poor adjustment predicts a range of adverse medical and psychosocial outcomes. Psychological treatments demonstrate efficacy for people with chronic health conditions, but existing research takes a disorder-specific approach and they are predominately delivered in face-to-face contexts. The internet and remotely delivered treatments have the potential to overcome barriers to accessing traditional face-to-face treatment. Objective: The current study examined the efficacy and acceptability of an internet-delivered transdiagnostic psychological intervention to promote adjustment to illness, based on cognitive behaviour therapy principles. Methods: In a two-arm randomised controlled trial, participants (n = 676) were randomly allocated to the 8-week intervention or a waitlist control. Treatment included five core lessons, homework tasks, additional resources, and weekly contact with a psychologist. Primary outcomes included depression, anxiety, and disability, assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, 3-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up. Results: The treatment group reported significantly greater improvements in depression (between-groups d = 0.47), anxiety (d = 0.32), and disability (d = 0.17) at post-treatment (all ps <0.001). Improvements were sustained over the 3-month and 12-month follow-ups. High treatment completion rates (69%) and levels of satisfaction (86%) were reported by participants in treatment. The intervention required a mean clinician time of 56.70 min per participant. Conclusions: The findings provide preliminary and tentative support for the potential of internet-delivered transdiagnostic interventions to promote adjustment to chronic health conditions. Further research using robust control groups, and exploring the generalisability of findings, is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.
Brain Structures and Networks Underlying Treatment Response to Deep Brain Stimulation Targeting the Inferior Thalamic Peduncle in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Germann Jürgen , Boutet Alexandre , Elias Gavin J.B. , Gouveia Flavia Venetucci , Loh Aaron , Giacobbe Peter , Bhat Venkat , Kucharczyk Walter , Lozano Andres M.
Published: April 2022

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating disease with a lifetime prevalence of 2–3%. Neuromodulatory treatments have been successfully used in severe cases. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the inferior thalamic peduncle (ITP) has been shown to successfully alleviate symptoms in OCD patients; however, the brain circuits implicated remain unclear. Here, we investigate the efficacious neural substrates following ITP-DBS for OCD. Methods: High-quality normative structural and functional connectomics and voxel-wise probabilistic mapping techniques were applied to assess the neural substrates of OCD symptom alleviation in a cohort of 5 ITP-DBS patients. Results: The region of most efficacious stimulation was located in the regions of the ITP and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Both functional and structural connectomics analyses demonstrated that successful symptom alleviation involved a brain network encompassing the bilateral amygdala and prefrontal regions. Limitations: The main limitation is the small size of the ITP-DBS cohort. While the findings are highly consistent and significant, these should be validated in larger studies. Conclusions: These results identify a tripartite brain network – composed of the bilateral amygdala and prefrontal regions 24 and 46 – whose engagement is associated with greater symptom improvement. They also provide information for optimizing targeting and identifying network components critically involved in ITP-DBS treatment response. Amygdala engagement in particular seems to be a key component for clinical benefits and could constitute a biomarker for treatment optimization.
Streptococcus mutans Gene Expression and Functional Profile in Root Caries: An RNA-Seq Study
Authors: Santos Heitor Sales de Barros , Do Thuy , Parolo Clarissa Cavalcanti Fatturi , Poloni Joice de Faria , Maltz Marisa , Arthur Rodrigo Alex , Damé-Teixeira Nailê
Published: April 2022

The literature is still scarce on studies describing Streptococcus mutans global gene expression under clinical conditions such as those found on complex biofilms from sound root surfaces (SRS) and carious root surfaces (RC). This study aimed to investigate the S. mutans gene expression and functional profile within the metatranscriptome of biofilms from SRS and from RC in an attempt to identify enriched functional signatures potentially associated with the healthy-to-disease transitioning process. Total RNA was extracted, and prepared libraries (SRS = 10 and RC = 9) were paired-end sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq2500. A read count assigned to each gene of the S. mutans UA159 strain was obtained. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) between SRS and RC were identified using the DESeq2 R package, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to explore and identify functional modules related to SRS and RC. We found seventeen DEG between SRS and RC samples, with three overexpressed in RC and related to membrane protein, alanyl-tRNA synthetase, and GTP-binding protein, with the remaining ones overexpressed in SRS samples and related to hypothetical protein, transposon integrase, histidine kinase, putative transporter, bacteriocin immunity protein, response regulator, 6-phospho-beta-galactosidase, purine metabolism, and transcriptional regulator. Key-functional modules were identified for SRS and RC conditions based on WGCNA, being 139 hub genes found on SRS key-module and 17 genes on RC key-module. Functional analysis of S. mutans within the metatranscriptome of biofilms from sound root and from carious root revealed a similar pattern of gene expression, and only a few genes have been differentially expressed between biofilms from SRS and those from root carious lesions. However, S. mutans presented a greater functional abundance in the carious lesion samples. Some functional patterns related to sugar (starch, sucrose, fructose, mannose, and lactose) and heterofermentative metabolisms, to cell-wall biosynthesis, and to acid tolerance stress seem to be enriched on carious root surfaces, conferring ecological advantages to S. mutans. Altogether, the present data suggest that a functional signature may be associated with carious root lesions.
Perception of Children’s Productions of /l/: Acoustic Correlates and Effects of Listener Experience
Authors: Coniglio Emily Ann , Chung Hyunju , Schellinger Sarah Kenney
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of listeners’ experience with child speech and phonetic training on perceptual judgment of children’s word-initial /l/ productions. The acoustic correlates of acceptable and misarticulated productions of /l/ and their relation to listeners’ experience with child speech were explored. Methods: Three listener groups listened to children’s word-initial /l/ productions embedded in monosyllabic words and judged the “/l/-likeness” of the productions using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Three listener groups included (a) speech-language pathologists with at least 10 years of experience (SLP group), (b) graduate students in speech-language pathology (GS group), and (c) naïve listeners with no clinical phonetics experience (NL group). Acoustic correlates (both static and dynamic measures) of listeners’ perception of /l/ sounds were also investigated. Results: While mean VAS ratings did not differ significantly by listener group, the SLP group used a wider range of the VAS than the GS and NL groups. Correlational analysis between the static measure (F2-F1 values) and mean listener ratings showed that listeners tend to perceive sounds with the highest F2-F1 values more as /j/ than /l/, while those with the lowest F2-F1 value were perceived more as /w/ than /l/, especially for sounds that are in between phonemic categories. Listener ratings were not highly correlated with dynamic measures. Conclusion: These results suggest that experienced listeners use the VAS more continuously than less experienced listeners to indicate perception of subphonemic features of children’s productions of /l/, and that their ratings correlate with acoustic measures. Furthermore, listeners with experience with child speech and phonetic training are more sensitive to subphonemic features of children’s productions of /l/, especially for misarticulated productions. This supports the clinical use of VAS for perceptual judgments of children's /l/ productions.
90 vs 50-Watt Radiofrequency Applications for Pulmonary Vein Isolation: Experimental and Clinical Findings
Authors: Bortone Agustín , Albenque Jean-Paul , Ramirez F. Daniel , Haïssaguerre Michel , Combes Stéphane , Constantin Marion , Laborie Guillaume , Brault-Noble Guillaume , Marijon Éloi , Jaïs Pierre , Pambrun Thomas
Published: April 2022

Background:

Fifty-watt radiofrequency applications have proven to be safe and efficient for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). However, as PV reconnection still occurs and ablation catheter instability significantly contributes to suboptimal lesion formation, a new ablation catheter capable of delivering 90 W for 4 seconds only has been developed with the aim of improving PVI outcomes. In this setting, we sought to determine whether 90 W applications create transmural lesions without collateral damage experimentally and whether they can safely improve PVI procedures clinically compared with 50 W settings.

Methods:

Experimentally, individual lesions were created in vivo in the right atrium of 6 swine with 90 W-4 seconds applications using the SmartTouch-SF catheter in a power-controlled mode (3 animals) or the QDOT-MICRO catheter in a temperature-controlled mode (3 animals). Clinically, PVI was performed in a homogenous population of 150 consecutive paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients using CARTO and the QDOT-MICRO catheter in a temperature-controlled mode (75 patients 50 W-ablation index-guided and 75 patients 90 W-4 seconds).

Results:

Mostly, (94.9%) experimental lesions were transmural in the thin-walled right atrium of swine. However, collateral damage was observed with both catheters in 17.9% of lesions. Clinically, 90 W procedures had a lower first-pass PVI rate (49% versus 81%,
P
<10
−4
) and a higher acute PV reconnection rate (21% versus 5%,
P
=0.004) than 50 W procedures, whereas total procedural duration (62 versus 66 minutes,
P
=0.09), 1-year sinus rhythm maintenance (88% versus 90%,
P
=0.6) and safety (1 tamponade per group) were similar in both groups.

Conclusions:

Experimentally, using the QDOT-MICRO catheter, 90 W-4 seconds lesions are mostly transmural in the thin-walled right atrium of swine (median depth 1.87 mm) with a moderate lesion diameter of 6.62 mm but retain the potential for collateral damage. Clinically, 90 W-4 seconds applications are associated with a lower first-pass PVI rate and a higher acute PV reconnection rate than 50 W applications but similar safety outcomes and effectiveness at 1 year.
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Hispanic Versus Non‐Hispanic White Adults in the United States, 1999 to 2018
Authors: Khan Safi U. , Lone Ahmad N. , Yedlapati Siva H. , Dani Sourbha S. , Khan Muhammad Zia , Watson Karol E. , Parwani Purvi , Rodriguez Fatima , Cainzos‐Achirica Miguel , Michos Erin D.
Published: April 2022

Background

Life expectancy has been higher for Hispanic versus non‐Hispanic White (NHW) individuals; however, data are limited on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.

Method and Results

Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research death certificate database (1999–2018), we compared age‐adjusted mortality rates for total CVD and its subtypes (ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, other CVD), and average annual percentage changes among Hispanic and NHW adults. The age‐adjusted mortality rate per 100 000 was lower for Hispanic than NHW adults for total CVD (186.4 versus 254.6;
P
<0.001) and its subtypes. Between 1999 and 2018, mortality decline was higher in Hispanic than NHW adults for total CVD (average annual percentage change [AAPC], −2.90 versus −2.41) and ischemic heart disease (AAPC: −4.44 versus −3.82) (
P
<0.001). In contrast, stroke mortality decline was slower in Hispanic versus NHW adults (AAPC: −2.05 versus −2.60;
P
<0.05). Stroke mortality increased in Hispanic but stalled in NHW adults since 2011 (AAPC: 0.79 versus −0.09). For ischemic heart disease (AAPC: −0.80 versus −1.85) and stroke (AAPC: −1.32 versus −1.43) mortality decline decelerated more for Hispanic than NHW adults aged <45 years (
P
<0.05). For heart failure, Hispanic adults aged <45 (3.55 versus 2.16) and 45 to 64 (1.88 versus 1.54) showed greater rise in age‐adjusted mortality rate than NHW individuals (
P
<0.05). Age‐adjusted heart failure mortality rate also accelerated in Hispanic versus NHW men (1.00 versus 0.67;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Disaggregating data by CVD subtype and demographics unmasked heterogeneities in CVD mortality between Hispanic and NHW adults. NHW adults had greater CVD mortality rates and slower decline than Hispanic adults, whereas marked demographic differences in mortality signaled concerning trends among the Hispanic versus NHW population.
How Constructive Design Researchers Drift: Four Epistemologies
Authors: Krogh Peter Gall , Koskinen Ilpo
Published: April 2022

This article contributes to methodological studies of constructive design research by explicating its underlying epistemological foundations. At the heart of this article is the notion of drifting, defined as those actions that move design from its original objective or question to sometimes unanticipated results. The article explicates four traditions of knowledge production as derived from a corpus based on PhD theses. These traditions relate knowledge production to methods, research programs, design experience, and to a dialectic between researchers and user communities. As a result, they form epistemological traditions.
Public Theology Facing Digital Spaces Public Theology, Digital Theology and Changing Spaces for Theological Reasoning
Authors: van Oorschot Frederike
Published: April 2022

Digital technologies are increasingly transforming communication, culture, and the public sphere. These developments lead to new hybrid spaces and publics, propelling a cultural change that affects not only our understanding of public but also the way we think and act as public theologians. This article examines the implications of this change for a public theology in and for digital spaces in relation to current debates about digital theology.

Outlining different governances of digital public spaces, it reflects on the hermeneutical and epistemological implications for theological thinking of and in public spaces. Taking up the debates of digital theology, it highlights the challenges of changing theological models and concepts in the search for theologies of the digital.
Reflecting about the Past, Present, and Future of UN Mediation
Authors: Hellmüller Sara , Wählisch Martin
Published: April 2022

This thematic issue explores the past, present, and future of UN mediation. Based on in-depth case studies of UN mediation in some of the most intractable contemporary armed conflicts, it shows the challenges related to lacking consensus amongst third parties, disunity in the UN Security Council, and the internationalization of conflicts. At the same time, it highlights the UN’s legitimacy, expertise, and convening power, and its importance in the context of broader international dispute management systems. It also underlines the need to rethink how we measure success of UN mediation efforts and to reflect on the consequences of increasing normative plurality in world politics. Finally, this issue points to some areas for future research, including more critical mediation theory, reflections about the worldviews underlying UN mediation, and innovative approaches related to the UN reform agenda.
Temperament, Perceived Ethnic Discrimination and Bullying Behavior of University Students
Authors: Hania Alishba , Azhar Abeera , Fayyaz Muhammad Umar
Published: April 2022

The social information processing model suggests that the overall conduct of a person is the product of situational cues and past experiences. Likewise, a student who is new to on-campus life perceives his surroundings and social interactions according to the previous positive or negative social experiences. This research aimed to examine the relationship of perceived ethnic discrimination, temperamental characteristics, and bullying behavior (verbal, non-verbal, or bullying perpetration) among university hostilities. A purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit 635 university hostilities who belonged to on-campus’s ethnic minority groups. Constructs were analyzed by the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (self-report), Illinois Bully Scale (Teacher’s Version), and Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire Community Version (Self-report). The results suggested that two dimensions of perceived discrimination (place discrimination and perceived exclusion) acted as mediators between temperamental characteristics (Effortful control, negative affect, and extraversion) and types of bullying (physical, non-physical, and bullying perpetration).
Habeas Corpus as a Remedy for Deprivation of the Right to Personal Liberty: Contemporary Developments in Lesotho
Authors: Okpaluba Chuks , Nwafor Anthony O.
Published: April 2022

Long before the inclusion of bills of rights in written constitutions, the common law had great regard for the personal liberty of the individual. This was realised through the writ of habeas corpus which was available to protect anyone unlawfully deprived of their liberty. This ancient writ has not only survived at common law; it also remains active in contemporary judicial pronouncements. The writ has received acceptance by modern constitutions in different countries as a fundamental right enforcement process. This article examines the judicial application of that process in Lesotho within the constitutional framework of the protection of the right to personal liberty; depicting the acceptable parameters as would make the reliance on that process by individuals and the courts a more effective tool in affording reliefs to persons who are deprived of their constitutionally protected personal freedom.
Estimating the Size of the Dutch-Speaking Slave Population of New York in the eighteenth Century
Authors: Douma Michael J.
Published: April 2022

Historians of American slavery are well-aware that there were slaves in New Netherland before the Dutch colony’s surrender to the English in 1664. It is seldom recognized, however, that the Dutch-speaking slave population in New York grew during the next century. This article establishes for the first time a reasonable estimate of the total number of Dutch-speaking slaves who lived in New York during the eighteenth century. To estimate the cumulative size of a dynamic population over time, the author constructs a population growth model with data drawn from New York’s colonial censuses, slave import and export data, and birth and death rates based on comparable historical circumstances, along with assumptions of exogenous shocks to the population due to factors such as war and slave runaways. The model suggests the total number of slaves who lived in New York at any point in the eighteenth century probably reached around 76,000. The article argues further that from 22,800 to 30,000 (30 to 40%) of these slaves likely spoke some Dutch.
The Classocracy League of Canada
Authors: Molas Bàrbara
Published: April 2022

This article recounts the neglected story of a group of radical-right intellectuals based in Montreal, who mobilized during the 1930s for the establishment of a new Canadian state. Inspired by Ukrainian ultraconservative thought, the Italian School of Elitism, and fascist corporatism, this diverse group founded an interwar movement called the Classocracy League of Canada. Their vision framed Canadian identity in Christian and European supremacist terms, while its leading members were engaged with other Canadian and transnational fascistic organizations, such as the Christian National Social Party and the Friends of National Spain. Although the Classocracy League of Canada remained ultimately marginal, its vision of racially restricted pluralism represented a novel form of exclusionary politics at the basis of which was fascist ideology.
Map and Territory in Comparative Law and Economics
Authors: Vargas Weil Ernesto
Published: April 2022

This paper argues that developing more reliable methodological foundations for Comparative Law requires us to acknowledge the virtues and limitations of well-designed simplification in successfully accounting for the complexity of legal reality. If the researcher is aware of its limitations, Law & Economics is well suited to providing analytical frameworks that increase our ability to compare real-life legal institutions by reducing the complexity of the law in action. Relying on some underexplored elements of New Institutional Economics and recent developments in Comparative Law and in Law & Economics, it presents a pathway to overcome the main methodological pitfall of a joint approach. For this purpose, it analyses the problems of the functional method, traces how Law & Economics was brought into Comparative Law, discusses the main methodological advantages and pitfalls of combining both disciplines and proposes concrete forms to make use of such advantages, while avoiding the pitfalls.
Hayashi Tadamasa in the United States (1887)
Authors: Emery Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

This article extends the conclusions of “A Japoniste Friendship in Translation: Hayashi Tadamasa and Philippe Burty (1878–1890)” (Journal of Japonisme, 6:1, 2021), an essay dedicated to the translation and analysis of a set of French letters documenting the friendship between Hayashi Tadamasa and Philippe Burty. The present article focuses on a second set of letters sent from Hayashi to Burty while on a trip to the United States in 1887 during which he sold fourteen French paintings for Burty. Hayashi’s descriptions of transatlantic voyages, the tastes and practices of American clients, and his personal reflections on travel, religion, and the tensions among French and American japonistes provide valuable insights into his character, the art market, and the social and aesthetic situation of Japonisme in 1887.
The Investment Game in Private Equity
Authors: Lehtimäki Mika J.
Published: April 2022

Private equity investing and the relationship between the GP and the LPs are plagued with the risk of information asymmetries and agency costs, so the markets have developed several mechanisms to align the incentives of the funds and the investors, most importantly through disclosure and protections in limited partnership agreements. However, such agreements may not always deal with the most important asymmetries or agency conflicts, especially the hidden effort problem. From the fund’s perspective, there are also other relationships that affect its internal dynamics. They are the need for interest alignment between the fund (and the GP) and the managers of the portfolio companies, the risk of financial agency costs and the risk of strategic creditor actions. All of these relationships are regulated primarily by contracts. In this paper, I evaluate the game-theoretical framework, Investment Game, based on the analysis of the GP-LP investment-effort relationship supported by a brief analysis of the other relationships. I argue that, in most cases, the LPs are able to solve the GP effort maximisation problem making part of the fund regulation unnecessary. However, private ordering may not work in some cases. Despite these situations, the Investment Game enables, even when the LPs cannot affect the fund terms, an analysis of the GP effort level and the level of undisclosed private benefits. Therefore, the Investment Game also sets a framework for a data analysis of private equity investing.
Red Hot Hips and Undulating Dreadlocks: Urban Music Groups, Scenes and Cultures in Santiago de Cuba
Authors: Lavielle Ligia
Published: April 2022

This paper aims to present groups, cultures and scenes next to or emerged from the private creations handed by the urban music producers in the city of Santiago de Cuba. This is an ambitious objective, due to the several manifestations entailed to the polyhedral sphere of producers and consumers of urban music, for instance, the rap-reggae scene, the Rastafari culture or the “reggaetonera” music culture. Despite of the protagonists of these expressions are alike in the point that their practices are relatively independent of the state management, their different tastes, objectives and cultural capitals allow them to take distance of each other.
The Ðông Sơn Speech Community: Evidence for Vietic
Authors: Alves Mark J.
Published: April 2022

This article reviews multiple lines of data in an attempt to determine the ethnolinguistic situation of the Red River Delta in northern Vietnam in the Ðông Sơn period (c. 600 BCE–200 CE) prior to the establishment of a Chinese administration there circa 200 BCE. A variety of possible scenarios are considered in light of linguistic, ethnological, archaeological, archaeogenetic, and historical textual data. Some scenarios must be excluded as they lack supporting evidence, while the remaining few are weighed against each other and ranked. At this point, the scenario with the most support, consisting primarily of archaeological and historical linguistic data, is that a community of Austroasiatic speakers resided in the Red River Delta from about 4000 BP, but that by the time of the arrival of Chinese groups, Vietic (a later stage of the original Austroasiatic group there) and early Tai groups had a presence in that region. Furthermore, comparative linguistic evidence most strongly supports a dominant Vietic linguistic presence in that region at that time, the portion of Vietic that eventually split off to become the Việt-Mường sub-branch and finally, within that, Vietnamese.
Indocalamus chongzhouensis (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new synonym of I. emeiensis: evidence from morphology and complete chloroplast genome data
Authors: GAO LI-QIN , LI YONG-LONG , GUO CHUN-CE , YANG GUANG-YAO , ZHANG WEN-GEN
Published: April 2022

Based on evidence from morphology, micromorphology of the abaxial leaf epidermis and phylogenetic analysis by using complete chloroplast genome data, it was found that Indocalamus chongzhouensis is conspecific with I. emeiensis, and should be synonymized with the latter. An updated description, illustrations, and a distribution map are also provided.
Correlates of suicidality in young people with depressive disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Moller Carl I , Davey Christopher G , Badcock Paul B , Wrobel Anna L , Cao Alice , Murrihy Sean , Sharmin Sonia , Cotton Sue M
Published: April 2022

Objective:

Depression is one of the most prevalent and disabling mental health conditions among young people worldwide. The health and economic burdens associated with depressive illness are substantial. Suicide and depression are closely intertwined, yet a diagnosis of depression itself lacks predictive specificity for suicidal behaviour. To better inform suicide prevention and early intervention strategies for young people, improved identification of modifiable intervention targets is needed. The objective of this review was to identify clinical, psychosocial and biological correlates of suicidality in young people diagnosed with a broad range of unipolar and bipolar depressive disorders.

Method:

Systematic searches were conducted across MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO to identify studies of young people aged 15–25 years diagnosed with unipolar or bipolar depressive disorders. An assessment of suicidality was required for inclusion. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 and Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines.

Results:

We integrated findings from 71 studies including approximately 24,670 young people with clinically diagnosed depression. We identified 26 clinical, psychosocial and biological correlates of suicidality. Depression characteristics (type and severity), psychiatric comorbidity (particularly anxiety and substance use disorders) and neurological characteristics emerged as having the most evidence for being associated with suicidal outcomes. Our ability to pool data and conduct meaningful quantitative synthesis was hampered by substantial heterogeneity across studies and incomplete reporting; thus, meta-analysis was not possible.

Conclusion:

Findings of this review reinforce the notion that suicidality is a complex phenomenon arising from the interplay of multiple contributing factors. Our findings question the utility of considering a diagnosis of depression as a specific risk factor for suicidality in young people. Suicidality itself is transdiagnostic; adoption of a transdiagnostic approach to investigating its aetiology and treatment is perhaps warranted. Future research investigating specific symptoms, or symptom networks, might help to further our understanding of suicidality among young people experiencing mental illness.
Telehealth use by mental health professionals during COVID-19
Authors: Farrer Louise M , Clough Bonnie , Bekker Marthinus J , Calear Alison L , Werner-Seidler Aliza , Newby Jill M , Knott Vikki , Gooding Piers , Reynolds Julia , Brennan Leah , Batterham Philip J
Published: April 2022

Objective:

To examine and describe telehealth use and attitudes among mental health professionals in Australia and New Zealand during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

Participants completed a brief online survey between May and July 2020. Participants were recruited via peak and professional organisations and through psychology-focused social media groups and networks. The survey examined frequency of telehealth use, reasons for non-use, telehealth modalities, prior use, attitudes towards use, plans for future use, and training, information or resource needs.

Results:

A total of 528 professionals (85.2% female) participated in the survey, of which 98.9% reported using telehealth and 32.2% reported using telehealth exclusively. Respondents were less likely to use telehealth if they worked with clients experiencing complex issues (e.g. trauma), had more hours of weekly client contact, had a choice about whether to use telehealth or felt less positive about using technology. Respondents were more likely to hold positive views towards telehealth if they were female, had used online programmes with clients previously, were frequent telehealth users and were comfortable using technology. Participants expressed mixed views on client safety and the impact of telehealth on therapeutic process and effectiveness.

Conclusion:

Telehealth has a clear and ongoing role within mental healthcare and there is a need for strong guidance for professionals on how to manage client risk, privacy, security and adapt therapy for delivery via telehealth. In particular, there is a need for individual-, organisational-, professional- and policy-level responses to ensure that telehealth remains a viable and effective healthcare medium into the future.
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody screening in first-episode psychosis
Authors: Warren Nicola , Freier Karen , Siskind Dan , O’Gorman Cullen , Blum Stefan , Gillis David , Scott James G
Published: April 2022

Objective:

The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists recommends screening for a range of antibodies in first-episode psychosis, including anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies. Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody–associated encephalitis occurs with high antibody titres and may cause cognitive dysfunction, seizures and psychiatric symptoms. However, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies are more frequently found in lower titre in association with other autoimmune disorders (such as diabetes mellitus type 1) and in healthy individuals. The utility of testing unselected populations of consumers with psychosis is unclear. The psychiatric manifestations of this disorder are also poorly described.

Methods:

First, systematic review of cohort and case–control studies that tested for IgG glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in psychiatric populations was conducted. Random-effects meta-analysis of odds ratio for antibody positivity in cases with psychosis and controls assessed prevalence. Second, literature review of all published cases and case series of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody–associated limbic encephalitis was assessed for frequency and description of psychotic symptoms.

Results:

There were 17 studies, in which 2754 individuals with psychotic disorders were tested for glutamic acid decarboxylase IgG antibodies. Thirty-one consumers with psychosis (0.7%) had positive glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies compared to 24 controls (1.0%), all at low titre and not fulfilling diagnostic criteria for autoimmune encephalitis. Meta-analysis found no significant difference in rates of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positivity (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval: [0.90, 3.63]). Literature review found 321 cases of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody–associated limbic encephalitis, with psychosis in 15 (4.3%) cases. Clinical screening would have identified all cases that presented to psychiatric services.

Conclusion:

Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies were uncommon in consumers with psychosis, with no significant difference in prevalence from controls and no cases of encephalitis identified. In cases with established glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody–associated limbic encephalitis, psychotic symptoms were uncommon and identifiable by clinical assessment. Targeted antibody testing guidelines should be further considered.
A process model of peer reactions to team member proactivity
Authors: Twemlow Melissa , Tims Maria , Khapova Svetlana N
Published: April 2022

Team member proactivity refers to self-starting, future-directed behavior to change a team’s situation or the way a team works. While previous studies have shown that individuals generally benefit from their proactivity, few studies have explored how others in a team experience it. This is important as the way peers perceive team member proactivity could be critical for the initiative to be effective. We conducted a five-month in-depth study to uncover how peers from three self-managing agile teams react to instances of team member proactivity. Our findings suggest a process model of team member proactivity, in which we show that peers react at two distinct moments during proactive episodes. Depending on its perceived success and whether peers directed their reaction to the proactive employee or at their initiative, peer reactions unfolded in four different pathways: by (1) belittling the proactive team member, (2) criticizing the proactivity initiative, (3) supporting the proactive initiative, or (4) admiring the proactive team member. We explain how and why these reactions are formed by showcasing their cognitive, affective, and behavioral evaluations. Our findings contribute to the proactivity literature, provide a process perspective for understanding how peers perceive proactivity, and present implications for sustaining proactivity in teams.
Does legal aid improve access to justice in ‘fragile’ settings? Evidence from Burundi
Authors: Chaara Imane , Falisse Jean-Benoît , Moriceau Julien
Published: April 2022

Access to justice is often described as key for building and consolidating peace and enhancing socio-economic development in fragile and post-conflict states. Since the 2000s, legal empowerment has been one of the most popular approaches to improve such access, and a growing literature has presented mixed evidence on the quality of its outcomes. We evaluate and discuss the impact of a locally provisioned legal aid program on justice-seekers’ use of dispute resolution fora, legal agency, and trust in judicial institutions. The program was implemented between 2011 and 2014 in 26 municipalities of rural Burundi. We consider its effects on 486 beneficiaries using various propensity score-matching methods and data on non-beneficiaries from two distinct control groups (n = 3,267). Forty-eight interviews with key informants help discuss judicial practices. We find that the program increased the use of courts but not trust in the judiciary. It had no significant impact on the use of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. Qualitative and quantitative evidence suggests that justice-seekers’ perception of the treatment they received in courts, also known as procedural justice, shaped their perception of accessing justice. Qualitative evidence also points to a possible ‘watchdog effect’: in some cases, the presence of a legal adviser may have pushed judges to better comply with procedures. While legal aid programs can improve access to courts, it does not necessarily mean an erosion of judicial ‘forum shopping’ or that trust in state institutions is reinforced and rights fully realized.