bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teoria social de Marx: conhecimentos e contribuições ao trabalho do assistente social
Authors: Faermann Lindamar Alves
Published: July 2016

Evidenciam-se, no estudo apresentado neste artigo, as contribuições da teoria social de Marx para o trabalho do assistente social, e são elucidados conhecimentos e mediações importantes, resultantes dessa perspectiva teórico-metodológica no campo profissional. Na sua composição, apresenta-se, inicialmente, um panorama geral sobre a inserção do pensamento marxista no Serviço Social brasileiro e, na sequência, discute-se o papel da teoria social no âmbito da profissão, pontuando alguns equívocos que permeiam essa discussão, em especial, no tocante à instrumentalização técnico-profissional. Com base nessas considerações, são assinalados os avanços na produção do conhecimento em Serviço Social, a partir da sua interlocução com a produção marxiana e sua tradição, que concorreram, decisivamente, para oxigenar e qualificar a profissão, assim como, para oferecer subsídios teórico-políticos ao trabalho do assistente social.  
Reestruturação produtiva do capital, pauperização e desigualdade social na América Latina
Authors: Meirelles Giselle Avila Leal de
Published: July 2016

O estudo, aqui apresentado, procura demonstrar que a reestruturação produtiva do capital, iniciada como enfrentamento à crise estrutural da década de 1970, incide fortemente, na pauperização e na desigualdade social persistentes no continente latino americano. A partir da ampliação da exploração capital/trabalho (combinação da mais-valia absoluta e mais valia relativa) e da informalização das relações de trabalho é possível demonstrar que as condições de vida de grande parcela da classe trabalhadora latino-americana está cada vez mais precarizada e com um futuro incerto, pois não se encontra inserida na Seguridade Social de seus países.
A Novel Angular Texture Pattern (ATP) Extraction Method for Crop and Weed Discrimination Using Curvelet Transformation
Authors: Prema P , Murugan D
Published: July 2016

Weed management is the most significant process in the agricultural applications to improve the crop productivity rate and reduce the herbicide application cost. Existing weed detection techniques does not yield better performance due to the complex background and illumination variation. Hence, there arises a need for the development of effective weed identification technique. To overcome this drawback, this paper proposes a novel Angular Texture Pattern (ATP) Extraction Method for crop and weed discrimination using curvelet transformation. In our proposed work, Adaptive Median Filter (AMF) is used for filtering the impulse noise from the image. Plant image identification is performed using green pixel extraction and K-means clustering. Wrapping based Curvelet transform is applied to the plant image. Feature extraction is performed to extract the angular texture pattern of the plant image. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based Differential Evolution Feature Selection (DEFS) approach is applied to select the optimal features. Then, the selected features are learned and passed through an RVM based classifier to find out the weed. Edge detection and contouring is performed to identify the weed in the plant image. Fuzzy rule-based approach is applied to detect the low, medium and high levels of the weed patchiness. From the experimental results, it is clearly observed that the accuracy of the proposed approach is higher than the existing Support Vector Machine (SVM) based approaches. The proposed approach achieves better performance in terms of Hausdorff distance, Jaccard distance, Dice distance, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
Estructura social en el movimiento político guerrillero de El Salvador. Basado en el “Libro Amarillo”. Documento del Ejército salvadoreño para identificar a sus enemigos
Authors: Nuñez Juan Felipe , Hernández Adalberto Magdaleno , Vázquez Ciro Aquino
Published: July 2016

Las guerrillas son fenómenos sociales y expresiones de nuestras sociedades que, de acuerdo a su composición social y humana, ofrecen dos perspectivas: a) una complejidad sociocultural y política interna que es muy difícil de analizar, dada la poca información disponible, y b) es una estructura social y orgánica orientada hacia la generación de una estrategia de guerra local. Cada Guerrilla se integra a través de dinámicas reticulares que las vuelven susceptibles de ser analizadas por medio del Análisis de Redes Sociales. En este contexto, la guerrilla del FMLN fue monitoreada por el ejército salvadoreño entre julio y agosto de 1987, levantando información sobre su composición social y algunas dinámicas de asociación entre miembros y organizaciones que conformaron a dicho movimiento.
La intuición del análisis de redes de los militares españoles durante la guerra del Rif como método de lucha contra el contrabando de armas
Authors: Paniagua López Julián Antonio
Published: July 2016

En este artículo se explica una de las estrategias que empleó el ejército español durante la guerra del Rif (1919-1926) para vigilar y evitar el contrabando de mercancías. Consistió en la vigilancia de determinados puntos y el camino que los unía, pero el sistema no estaba basado en el mapa concreto del territorio, sino en lo que en la actualidad se entiende como análisis de redes sociales, cuya primera obra propiamente dicha usando ese método fue publicada en 1934. Obviamente no fue una elaboración teórica ni sistemática en el análisis, sino una intuición del método, porque es muy improbable que los militares españoles de esa época hubieran recibido la formación correspondiente en la teoría matemática de grafos. Sin embargo, debido a la precisión de la información del contenido de los vínculos de cada nodo, la distinción de cuatro tipos de nodos y a la elaboración del gráfico, este trabajo debe ser considerado como precursor del método, al mismo nivel que el de otros precursores de la época.
Estudos qualitativos sobre a qualidade de vida. Metodologia e prática
Authors: Bayo Barroso Nora
Published: July 2016

Esta publicação tenta mostrar a importância do desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para o estudo qualitativo da qualidade de vida. Ele oferece uma reflexão teórica e metodológica dos estudos qualitativos, onde o papel do contexto e cultura neste tipo de estudo é examinado e o papel de investigadores, especialmente durante o processo de incorporação dos mais jovens neste campo. Ele apresenta vários projectos de investigação sobre a qualidade de vida em que os métodos qualitativos têm sido utilizados em vários campos: geografia, saúde, comunidades, jovens, crianças e yoga na vida profissional. Ela comprometida com a integração de metodologia quantitativa e qualitativa, utilizando métodos mistos para estudar a qualidade de vida.
Características del paciente quemado usuario de opioide y factores que contribuyen a depresión respiratoria
Authors: Henrique Danielle Mendonça , Silva Lolita Dopico , Pareira Sandra Regina Maciqueira
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Describir las características de los pacientes quemados usuarios de opioides e identificar los factores que predisponen a depresión respiratoria.

 

Método: Transversal retrospectivo, en el que se analizaron 272 historiales de pacientes quemados internados de 2011 a 2013 en un Centro de Tratamiento de Quemados (CTQ). Se seleccionaron  historiales completos de pacientes, con registro relleno de alta u óbito, periodo de internamiento mínimo de 48 horas, mayores de 18 años, usuarios de opioides por diferentes vías de administración, monitoreados por oximetría de pulso y sin empleo de prótesis de ventilación. Todos los episodios de depresión respiratoria se identificaron a través de cómo mínimo dos indicadores de entre los siguientes: la administración de Naloxone, registro de presión arterial inferior a 110/60mmHg, entubamiento orotraqueal, oximetría de pulso inferior a 90%, frecuencia respiratoria inferior a 10 irpm, necesidad de oferta de oxígeno e interrupción abrupta del opioide.  .

 

Resultados: Este estudio identificó que el 28,58% de los pacientes quemados atendidos en una unidad de tratamiento de quemados presentaron depresión respiratoria. Predominaron en el grupo con depresión respiratoria pacientes jóvenes del sexo masculino, con mortalidad elevada, quemaduras de 2º y 3º grado fueron la mayoría, corroborando la mayoría de los estudios epidemiológicos acerca de las características de los pacientes quemados. Los factores predominantes para depresión respiratoria identificados en la población de pacientes quemados usuarios de opioides fueron insuficiencia renal aguda, etilismo, enfermedades cardiovasculares.

 

Conclusión: El enfermero debe monitorear a todos los pacientes usuarios de opioides en relación a los parámetros de ventilación y nivel de coincidencia para prevenir e identificar precozmente sedación excesiva y depresión respiratoria, especialmente los pacientes en quienes se identifiquen dos o más factores de predisposición para DR.
La conmemoración de una victoria, la celebración de un triunfo: Alfonso V el Magnánimo, Antonio Beccadelli y su Alfonsi Regis Triumphus. (Manuscrito 445 de la Biblioteca Històrica de la Universitat de València).
Authors: Capilla Aledón Gema Belia
Published: July 2016

Alfonso V el Magnánimo, Rey de Aragón (1416-1458), dada su historia política asociada al trono de Nápoles y su legitimidad sobre el mismo, construyó un programa político-cultural, auspiciado bajo su mecenazgo de humanistas y artistas, con el que representarse tanto ante sus contemporáneos como ante la posteridad. Tras su victoria sobre Nápoles en 1442 su discurso de la imagen creció en elementos provenientes de la Antigüedad clásica, llevando a cabo la celebración de su victoria militar a la manera de los antiguos emperadores romanos. Tras ella, vio la luz el texto del humanista áulico por excelencia, Antonio Beccadelli, que narraba dicho acontecimiento: el Alfonsi Regis Triumphus. Un texto en el que su autor supo combinar lo meramente militar y político con la exquisitez y erudición de un texto humanístico. El estudio y edición de dicho texto contenido y conservado en el manuscrito 445 de la Biblioteca Històrica de la Universitat de València constituyen el objeto del presente estudio.
Ressenya a M. Milagros Cárcel & J. V. García Marsilla, Documents de la pintura valenciana medieval i moderna. IV. Llibre de l’entrada de Ferran d’Antequera, València, 2013
Authors: Mora Galbis Ramon
Published: July 2016

Ressenya a Cárcel Ortí, María Milagros i García MArsilla, Juan Vicente, Documents de la pintura valenciana medieval i moderna. IV. Llibre de l’entrada de Ferran d’Antequera, València: Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2013, 513 pp. ISBN: 978-84-370-9085-6
Ressenya a Simbor i Roig, Vicent, Ironies de la Modernitat. La ironia del Modernisme al Noucentisme, Barcelona, 2016
Authors: Llopis i Alarcon Moisés
Published: July 2016

Ressenya a Simbor i Roig, Vicent, Ironies de la Modernitat. La ironia del Modernisme al Noucentisme, Barcelona, Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2016, 280 pp., ISBN: 978-84-9883-811-4
Teresa y Luis, Luis y Teresa. Dos santos en tiempos recios
Authors: Callado Estela Emilio
Published: July 2016

Resumen: El presente artículo analiza la relación entre dos grandes santos españoles de la Contrarreforma Católica, Teresa de Jesús y el dominico fray Luis Bertrán Palabras clave: Teresa de Jesús, Luis Bertrán, Santos, Contrarreforma, Carmelitas Descalzos, Dominicos, Siglo XVI Abstract: The present article analyses the relation between two big Spanish saints of the Catholic Counter-reformation, Teresa de Jesus and the Dominican monk Luis Bertrán Keywords: Teresa de Jesus, Luis Bertrán, Saints, Counter-reformation, Discalced Carmelite, Dominicans, 16th century
Lower Endurance and Strength of Core Muscles in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Yoosefinejad Amin Kordi , Motealleh Alireza , Khademi Sahar , Hosseini Seyedeh Fatemeh
Published: July 2016

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system associated with a variety of symptoms and functional deficits. Balance impairment is a common concern in patients with MS. Core muscle stabilization is considered a main component of balance. The strength and endurance of core muscles have not been compared between patients with MS and healthy people. The objective of this study was to compare core muscle strength and endurance between ambulatory patients with MS and a healthy group.

Methods: Thirty-three patients with MS with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores ranging from 1.0 to 4.5 and 33 matched healthy people participated in this cross-sectional group comparison study. The primary outcome measure was endurance of core muscles assessed by functional endurance tests, and the secondary outcome was isometric strength of core muscles assessed using a dynamometer.

Results: Patients with MS had lower performance on endurance tests (P < .001) and strength tests (P < .05) compared with the control group.

Conclusions: These results show decreased core muscle strength and endurance in ambulatory individuals with MS compared with a matched control group. Future studies are required to assess how core muscle impairment affects balance and how it would be affected by rehabilitation and exercise programs.
Vještačenje kao dokazno sredstvo u kognicionim postupcima
Authors: Stanišić Slobodan
Published: July 2016

U tekstu se razmatraju opšta pitanja o pojmu i funkciji vještaka u svim kognicionim postupcima, odnosu organakoji vodi postupak i vještaka, s posebnim osvrtom na karakteristične propuste učesnika u postupku prilikom predlaganja,određivanja, izrade vještačenja i izvođenja dokaza vještačenjem.
3d forenzička vještačenja u razjašnjavanju složenih kriminalnih slučajeva
Authors: Matijević Mile , Miladinović Aleksandar
Published: July 2016

Tradicionalni oblici istrage zločina, a posebno u vezi sa razjašnjavanjem, dokazivanjem najsloženijih kriminalnihslučajeva ne mogu danas doprinijeti kvalitetnijem pribavljanju i procesuiranju dokaza. Zbog toga je kriminalističkoforenzička nauka u protekloj deceniji kroz aktivnost posebno obučenih, iskusnih praktičara sa naučnim pogledima narasvjetljavanje zločina učinila značajan pomak u obezbjeđenju savremenijih metoda, sredstava istrage, i obezbjeđenja„specifi čnih“ dokaza. 3D rekonstrukcije su jedan od novih forenzičnih metoda koja se pokazala kao plodotvorna i efi kasnaposebno u tzv. rekonstruktivnim vještačenjima kod nekih krivičnih djela (ubistva, razbojništva, saobraćajnih nezgodai sl). U radu će se dati uvodni sadržaj ove metode, isključivo na osnovu iskustava Zagrebačkog vještaka Maštruko Vojina,koji već duže vrijeme uspješno primjenjuje 3d forenzične rekonstrukcije pomažući u komplikovanim istragama zločina.Smatramo da će i ovaj način inicirati razmišljanje, djelovanje nadležnih istražnih subjekata struktura, zainteresovanihsubjekata istrage, krivičnog procesa, da uvedu i savremenije metode u istragu, dokazivanje u cilju obezbjeđenja validnihdokaza i u složenim kriminalnim slučajevima, gdje tradicionalni metodi očigledno ne mogu dati pozitivan rezultat.
Menadžer u funkciji osiguranja poslovnog uspjeha
Authors: Dervišević Fikret
Published: July 2016

Upravljačka misao razvijala se tokom godina od pristupa osobnih karakteristika prema kojem se vođe rađaju,preko pristupa ponašanja koji polazi od menadžerskih kvaliteta koje mogu biti naučene, do kontingencijskih teorijskihideja fl eksibilnog i situacijskog menadžera. Važan trend je i transformacijsko menadžerstvo koje prepoznaje važnost menadžerakoji su karizmatični, vizionari i sposobni osvojiti dušu ljudi.Aktivnosti povezane za primjenom znanja, tehnologije i inovacije pojavljuju se radi ispunjavanja društvenih i privatnihciljeva. Menadžer kao vizionar i vođa uspostavlja sveukupne poslovne odnose čijom primjenom omogućava realizacijuposlovnog poduhvata kako na mikro kao i na makro planu. Povećanje resursa preduzeća kod inovativnog dijelovanja menadžeradovodi do jačeg isticanja problema asimetrije informacije i moralnog hazarda.
Privacy and data protection: Legal aspects in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Osmani Nora
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical assessment of the existing Law on Personal Data Protection in the Republic of Macedonia. The paper aims to analyse whether there is a need for additional legal tools in order to achieve a balance between maintaining data integrity in the digital age and the use of modern technology. The paper discusses the meaning of “information privacy” in the age of big data, cyber threats and the domestic and international response to these issues. Special focus is dedicated to privacy policy enforcement in European Union Law. Having regard to the development of new technologies, prevailing data protection legislation may no longer be able to provide effective protection for individuals’ personal information. Therefore, existing laws should be continuously adapted to respond to new challenges and situations deriving from different online activities and communications.
Bile salt receptor complex activates a pathogenic type III secretion system
Authors: Li Peng , Rivera-Cancel Giomar , Kinch Lisa N , Salomon Dor , Tomchick Diana R , Grishin Nick V , Orth Kim
Published: July 2016

Bile is an important component of the human gastrointestinal tract with an essential role in food absorption and antimicrobial activities. Enteric bacterial pathogens have developed strategies to sense bile as an environmental cue to regulate virulence genes during infection. We discovered that Vibrio parahaemolyticus VtrC, along with VtrA and VtrB, are required for activating the virulence type III secretion system 2 in response to bile salts. The VtrA/VtrC complex activates VtrB in the presence of bile salts. The crystal structure of the periplasmic domains of the VtrA/VtrC heterodimer reveals a β-barrel with a hydrophobic inner chamber. A co-crystal structure of VtrA/VtrC with bile salt, along with biophysical and mutational analysis, demonstrates that the hydrophobic chamber binds bile salts and activates the virulence network. As part of a family of conserved signaling receptors, VtrA/VtrC provides structural and functional insights into the evolutionarily conserved mechanism used by bacteria to sense their environment.
Altered expression profile of glycolytic enzymes during testicular ischemia reperfusion injury is associated with the p53/TIGAR pathway: effect of fructose 1,6-diphosphate
Authors: Al-Maghrebi May , Renno Waleed M.
Published: July 2016

Background.Testicular ischemia reperfusion injury (tIRI) is considered the mechanism underlying the pathology of testicular torsion and detorsion. Left untreated, tIRI can induce testis dysfunction, damage to spermatogenesis and possible infertility. In this study, we aimed to assess the activities and expression of glycolytic enzymes (GEs) in the testis and their possible modulation during tIRI. The effect of fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP), a glycolytic intermediate, on tIRI was also investigated.

Methods.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham, unilateral tIRI, and tIRI + FDP (2 mg/kg). tIRI was induced by occlusion of the testicular artery for 1 h followed by 4 h of reperfusion. FDP was injected peritoneally 30 min prior to reperfusion. Histological and biochemical analyses were used to assess damage to spermatogenesis, activities of major GEs, and energy and oxidative stress markers. The relative mRNA expression of GEs was evaluated by real-time PCR. ELISA and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of p53 and TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR).

Results.Histological analysis revealed tIRI-induced spermatogenic damage as represented by a significant decrease in the Johnsen biopsy score. In addition, tIRI reduced the activities of hexokinase 1, phosphofructokinase-1, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase C. However, mRNA expression downregulation was detected only for hexokinase 1, phosphoglycerate kinase 2, and lactate dehydrogenase C. ATP and NADPH depletion was also induced by tIRI and was accompanied by an increased Malondialdehyde concentration, reduced glutathione level, and reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities. The immunoexpression of p53 and TIGAR was markedly increased after tIRI. The above tIRI-induced alterations were attenuated by FDP treatment.

Discussion.Our findings indicate that tIRI-induced spermatogenic damage is associated with dysregulation of GE activity and gene expression, which were associated with activation of the TIGAR/p53 pathway. FDP treatment had a beneficial effect on alleviating the damaging effects of tIRI. This study further emphasizes the importance of metabolic regulation for proper spermatogenesis.
The complex relationship between olivine abundance and thermal inertia on Mars
Authors: Hanna Romy D. , Hamilton Victoria E. , Putzig Nathaniel E.
Published: July 2016

We examine four olivine‐bearing regions at a variety of spatial scales with thermal infrared, visible to near‐infrared, and visible imagery data to investigate the hypothesis that the relationship between olivine abundance and thermal inertia (i.e., effective particle size) can be used to infer the occurrence of olivine chemical alteration during sediment production on Mars. As in previous work, Nili Fossae and Isidis Planitia show a positive correlation between thermal inertia and olivine abundance in Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) and Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) data, which could be interpreted as indicating olivine chemical weathering. However, geomorphological analysis reveals that relatively olivine‐poor sediments are not derived from adjacent olivine‐rich materials, and therefore, chemical weathering cannot be inferred based on the olivine‐thermal inertia relationship alone. We identify two areas (Terra Cimmeria and Argyre Planitia) with significant olivine abundance and thermal inertias consistent with sand, but no adjacent rocky (parent) units having even greater olivine abundances. More broadly, global analysis with TES reveals that the most typical olivine abundance on Mars is ~5–7% and that olivine‐bearing (5–25%) materials have a wide range of thermal inertias, commonly 25–600 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2. TES also indicates that the majority of olivine‐rich (>25%) materials have apparent thermal inertias less than 400 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2. In summary, we find that the relationship between thermal inertia and olivine abundance alone cannot be used in infer olivine weathering in the examined areas, that olivine‐bearing materials have a large range of thermal intertias, and therefore that a complex relationship between olivine abundance and thermal inertia exists on Mars.
Inner zone and slot electron radial diffusion revisited
Authors: O'Brien T. P. , Claudepierre S. G. , Guild T. B. , Fennell J. F. , Turner D. L. , Blake J. B. , Clemmons J. H. , Roeder J. L.
Published: July 2016

Using recent data from NASA's Van Allen Probes, we estimate the quiet time radial diffusion coefficients for electrons in the inner radiation belt (L < 3) with energies from ~50 to 750 keV. The observations are consistent with dynamics dominated by pitch angle scattering and radial diffusion. We use a coordinate system in which these two modes of diffusion are separable. Then we integrate phase space density over pitch angle to obtain a “bundle content” that is invariant to pitch angle scattering, except for atmospheric loss. We estimate the effective radial diffusion coefficient from the temporal and radial variation of the bundle content. We show that our diffusion coefficients agree well with previously determined values obtained in the 1960s and 1970s and follow the form one expects for radial diffusion caused by exponentially decaying impulses in the large‐scale electrostatic potential.
Van Allen Probe measurements of the electric drift E × B/B2 at Arecibo's L = 1.4 field line coordinate
Authors: Lejosne Solène , Mozer F. S.
Published: July 2016

We have used electric and magnetic measurements by Van Allen Probe B from 2013 to 2014 to examine the equatorial electric drift E × B/B2 at one field line coordinate set to Arecibo's incoherent scatter radar location (L = 1.43). We report on departures from the traditional picture of corotational motion with the Earth in two ways: (1) the rotational angular speed is found to be 10% smaller than the rotational angular speed of the Earth, in agreement with previous works on plasmaspheric notches, and (2) the equatorial electric drift displays a dependence in magnetic local time, with a pattern consistent with the mapping of the Arecibo ionosphere dynamo electric fields along equipotential magnetic field lines. The electric fields due to the ionosphere dynamo are therefore expected to play a significant role when discussing, for instance, the structure and dynamics of the plasmasphere or the transport of trapped particles in the inner belt.
Joule heating hot spot at high latitudes in the afternoon sector
Authors: Cai L. , Aikio A. T. , Milan S. E.
Published: July 2016

The afternoon Joule heating hot spot has been studied statistically by using the EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) measurements at 75.4° Corrected Geomagnetic latitude (CGMLAT) and the OMNI solar wind data base. For a small subset of events, the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) field‐aligned current distributions have been available. The main results are as follows. Afternoon Joule heating hot spots are associated with high values of ionospheric electric fields and slightly enhanced Pedersen conductances. The Joule heating hot spot values are larger in summer than in winter, which can be explained by the higher Pedersen conductances during summer than winter. The afternoon Joule heating hot spots are located close to the reversals of the large‐scale field‐aligned current systems. The most common location is close to the Region 1/Region 2 boundary and those events are associated with sunward convecting F region plasma. In a few cases, the hot spots take place close to the Region 1/Region 0 boundary and then the ionospheric plasma is convecting antisunward. The hot spots may occur both during slow (<450 km/s) and high (>450 km/s) speed solar wind conditions. During slow‐speed solar wind events, the dominant interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) direction is southward, which is the general requirement for the low‐latitude magnetic merging at the dayside magnetopause. During high‐speed solar wind, also northward IMF conditions appear, but those are associated with large values of the IMF |By| component, making again the dayside magnetopause merging possible. Finally, the measured afternoon hot spot Joule heating rates are not a linear function of the solar wind energy coupling function.
Two types of whistler waves in the hall reconnection region
Authors: Huang S. Y. , Fu H. S. , Yuan Z. G. , Vaivads A. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , Retino A. , Zhou M. , Graham D. B. , Fujimoto K. , Sahraoui F. , Deng X. H. , Ni B. , Pang Y. , Fu S. , Wang D. D. , Zhou X.
Published: July 2016

Whistler waves are believed to play an important role during magnetic reconnection. Here we report the near‐simultaneous occurrence of two types of the whistler‐mode waves in the magnetotail Hall reconnection region. The first type is observed in the magnetic pileup region of downstream and propagates away to downstream along the field lines and is possibly generated by the electron temperature anisotropy at the magnetic equator. The second type, propagating toward the X line, is found around the separatrix region and probably is generated by the electron beam‐driven whistler instability or Čerenkov emission from electron phase‐space holes. These observations of two different types of whistler waves are consistent with recent kinetic simulations and suggest that the observed whistler waves are a consequence of magnetic reconnection.
Evaluation of entrainment formulations for liquid/gas plumes from underwater blowouts
Authors: F. Tessarolo Luciana , Innocentini Valdir
Published: July 2016

A numerical model using the Lagrangian approach developed to simulate the fate of liquid/gas blowouts in deepwater is presented, and three entrainment formulations are tested: HOULT, JETLAG, and CORJET parameterizations, given by Hoult et al. (1969), Lee and Cheung (1990), and Jirka (2004), respectively. The results are discussed and compared with field and laboratory observations. These formulations differ both in shear and forced contributions to the entrainment. As expected, the qualitative analysis of the dynamics of a liquid plume shows that the entrainment of ambient water decreases the acceleration due to buoyancy, and the plume and ambient momentums become increasingly similar over time. However, simulations of field and laboratory cases, where different plumes (gas, liquid, and gas/liquid) were discharged into environments with different ambient stratifications and crossflows, show that the JETLAG parameterization provides the best results, while HOULT (CORJET) overestimates (underestimates) the entrainment. Additional numerical experiments applying only the JETLAG formulation are performed, considering different plume composition, ambient condition, nozzle diameter, and initial discharge. For all the studied cases, the simulated results are in good agreement with the observations. Especially noteworthy were field experiments with gas released at depth of 50–60 m. The vertical plume velocity decreased during the ascending motion, but after a certain level, the velocity increased. This feature was simulated by the JETLAG parameterization, and a closer analysis reveals the increase of buoyancy due to gas expansion exceeding the decrease caused by the entrainment. These results encourage the use of this model in realistic and complex situations.
High resolution modeling of dense water formation in the north‐western Mediterranean during winter 2012–2013: Processes and budget
Authors: Estournel Claude , Testor Pierre , Damien Pierre , D'Ortenzio Fabrizio , Marsaleix Patrick , Conan Pascal , Kessouri Faycal , Durrieu de Madron Xavier , Coppola Laurent , Lellouche Jean‐Michel , Belamari Sophie , Mortier Laurent , Ulses Caroline , Bouin Marie‐Noelle , Prieur Louis
Published: July 2016

The evolution of the stratification of the north‐western Mediterranean between summer 2012 and the end of winter 2013 was simulated and compared with different sets of observations. A summer cruise and profiler observations were used to improve the initial conditions of the simulation. This improvement was crucial to simulate winter convection. Variations of some parameters involved in air ‐ sea exchanges (wind, coefficient of transfer used in the latent heat flux formulation, and constant additive heat flux) showed that the characteristics of water masses and the volume of dense water formed during convection cannot be simply related to the time‐integrated buoyancy budget over the autumn ‐ winter period. The volume of dense water formed in winter was estimated to be about 50,000 km3 with a density anomaly larger than 29.113 kg m−3. The effect of advection and air/sea fluxes on the heat and salt budget of the convection zone was quantified during the preconditioning phase and the mixing period. Destratification of the surface layer in autumn occurs through an interaction of surface and Ekman buoyancy fluxes associated with displacements of the North Balearic front bounding the convection zone to the south. During winter convection, advection stratifies the convection zone: from December to March, the absolute value of advection represents 58 % of the effect of surface buoyancy fluxes.
Air‐water gas exchange by waving vegetation stems
Authors: Foster‐Martinez M. R. , Variano E. A.
Published: July 2016

Exchange between wetland surface water and the atmosphere is driven by a variety of motions, ranging from rainfall impact to thermal convection and animal locomotion. Here we examine the effect of wind‐driven vegetation movement. Wind causes the stems of emergent vegetation to wave back and forth, stirring the water column and facilitating air‐water exchange. To understand the magnitude of this effect, a gas transfer velocity (k600 value) was measured via laboratory experiments. Vegetation waving was studied in isolation by mechanically forcing a model canopy to oscillate at a range of frequencies and amplitudes matching those found in the field. The results show that stirring due to vegetation waving produces k600 values from 0.55 cm/h to 1.60 cm/h. The dependence of k600 on waving amplitude and frequency are evident from the laboratory data. These results indicate that vegetation waving has a nonnegligible effect on gas transport; thus, it can contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the fluxes underpinning biogeochemical processes.
Comment on “Advective transport in heterogeneous aquifers: Are proxy models predictive?” by A. Fiori, A. Zarlenga, H. Gotovac, I. Jankovic, E. Volpi, V. Cvetkovic, and G. Dagan
Authors: Neuman Shlomo P.
Published: July 2016

Fiori et al. (2015) examine the predictive capabilities of (among others) two “proxy” non‐Fickian transport models, MRMT (Multi‐Rate Mass Transfer) and CTRW (Continuous‐Time Random Walk). In particular, they compare proxy model predictions of mean breakthrough curves (BTCs) at a sequence of control planes with near‐ergodic BTCs generated through two‐ and three‐dimensional simulations of nonreactive, mean‐uniform advective transport in single realizations of stationary, randomly heterogeneous porous media. The authors find fitted proxy model parameters to be nonunique and devoid of clear physical meaning. This notwithstanding, they conclude optimistically that “i. Fitting the proxy models to match the BTC at [one control plane] automatically ensures prediction at downstream control planes [and thus] ii. … the measured BTC can be used directly for prediction, with no need to use models underlain by fitting.” I show that (a) the authors' findings follow directly from (and thus confirm) theoretical considerations discussed earlier by Neuman and Tartakovsky (2009), which (b) additionally demonstrate that proxy models will lack similar predictive capabilities under more realistic, non‐Markovian flow and transport conditions that prevail under flow through nonstationary (e.g., multiscale) media in the presence of boundaries and/or nonuniformly distributed sources, and/or when flow/transport are conditioned on measurements.
Molybdenum Disulfide‐Based Tubular Microengines: Toward Biomedical Applications
Authors: Singh Virendra V. , Kaufmann Kevin , de Ávila Berta Esteban‐Fernández , Karshalev Emil , Wang Joseph
Published: July 2016

2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is herein explored as an advanced surface material in the fabrication of powerful tubular microengines. The new catalytic self‐propelled open‐tube bilayer microengines have been fabricated using a template electrodeposition and couple the unique properties of sp2 hybridized MoS2 with highly reactive inner granular Pt catalytic structures. The MoS2/metal microengines display extremely efficient bubble propulsion, reflecting the granular structure of the inner catalytic platinum or gold layers (compared to the smooth metal surfaces of common micromotors). The efficient movement of functionalized MoS2 micromotors can address challenges imposed by slow mass transport processes involved in various applications of MoS2. The delocalized electron network of the MoS2 outer layer facilitates π–π stacking interactions and endows the tubular microengines with a diverse array of capabilities. These are demonstrated here for efficient loading and release of the drug doxorubicin, and rapid and sensitive “OFF–ON” fluorescent detection of important nucleic acids (miRNA‐21) and proteins (thrombin) using microengines modified with dye‐labeled single‐stranded DNA and aptamer, respectively. Such coupling of the attractive capabilities of 2D‐MoS2 nanosheets with rapidly moving microengines provides an opportunity to develop multifunctional micromachines for diverse biomedical applications ranging from efficient drug delivery to the detection of important bioanalytes.
Biocide‐Free Antifouling on Insulating Surface by Wave‐Driven Triboelectrification‐Induced Potential Oscillation
Authors: Zhao Xue Jiao , Tian Jing Jing , Kuang Shuang Yang , Ouyang Han , Yan Ling , Wang Zhong Lin , Li Zhou , Zhu Guang
Published: July 2016

A biocide‐free antifouling method on wetted insulating surfaces, enabled by the oscillation of electric potential generated by an integrated triboelectric wave harvester (I‐TEWH) is reported. Distinct from previous studies that reported antifouling on conducting surfaces by applying an additional power source, this method achieves antifouling on insulating surfaces with zero‐power consumption. The electric potential in the vicinity of a protected surface oscillates in large amplitude as a result of periodically accumulated free electrons on an underlying electrode. The dynamic flow of the free electrons is driven by the I‐TEWH that converts ambient wave energy by solid–liquid interface triboelectrification. As a consequence, the oscillating electric potential disturbs the inherent charge distribution on microbes due to electrostatic induction, preventing their initial adhesion onto the protected surface and thus prohibiting the subsequent formation of macroorganisms. Significant anti‐adhesion efficiencies of as high as 99.3%, 99.1%, and 96.0% are achieved for negative‐gram bacteria (Escherichia coli), positive‐gram bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and diatoms (bacillariophyceze), respectively, on a smooth surface. The antifouling efficiency on a roughened surface with micro/nanostructures can be further enhanced by another 75%. This approach can be potentially utilized in coastal constructions, offshore facilities, and vessels that are either moving or stationary in port.
Electrically Reconfigurable Metasurfaces Using Heterojunction Resonators
Authors: Iyer Prasad P. , Pendharkar Mihir , Schuller Jon A.
Published: July 2016

An electrically reconfigurable metasurface comprising an array of 1D semiconductor Mie resonators on a reflecting ground plane is theoretically demonstrated. The design is based on magnetic dipole modes that interfere with image fields in a metal substrate to produce a 2π phase shift in reflection about the resonance wavelength. Analogous voltage‐dependent phase shifts are produced using novel InSb/In0.8Al0.2Sb heterojunction resonators incorporating top electrodes that minimize perturbations of the electromagnetic mode. The devices exploit large swings in the InSb electron density to produce mid‐infrared resonances tunable through free carrier refraction. Combined electrical device and full wave electromagnetic simulations show up to 300° phase shifts with less than 1dB of loss. Using this resonator as a basic building block, an electrically tunable metasurface is demonstrated. By applying a voltage gradient across the metasurface, an incident beam is steered in a unidirectional fashion continuously between ±72° (from normal incidence. This work describes a pathway to unprecedented control of light via electrically reconfigurable metasurfaces.
Structure Evolution of Oligomer Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptors toward High Efficiency of As‐Cast Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Yuze , Li Tengfei , Zhao Fuwen , Han Lei , Wang Zaiyu , Wu Yang , He Qiao , Wang Jiayu , Huo Lijun , Sun Yanming , Wang Chunru , Ma Wei , Zhan Xiaowei
Published: July 2016

The structure evolution of oligomer fused‐ring electron acceptors (FREAs) toward high efficiency of as‐cast polymer solar cells (PSCs) is reported. First, a series of FREAs (IC‐(1‐3)IDT‐IC) based on indacenodithiophene (IDT) oligomers as cores are designed and synthesized, effects of IDT number (1–3) on their basic optical and electronic properties are investigated, and more importantly, the relationship between device performance of as‐cast PSCs and donor(D)/acceptor(A) matching (absorption, energy level, morphology, and charge transport) of IC‐(1‐3)IDT‐IC acceptors and two representative polymer donors, PTB7‐Th and PDBT‐T1 is surveyed. Then, the most promising D/A system (PDBT‐T1/IC‐1IDT‐IC) with the best D/A harmony among the six D/A combinations, which yields a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.39%, is found. Finally, changing the side‐chains in IC‐1IDT‐IC from alkylphenyl to alkyl enhances the PCE from 7.39% to 9.20%.
Efficient synthesis of iron nanoparticles by self‐agglomeration in a fluidized bed
Authors: Li Jun , Kong Jing , Zhu Qingshan , Li Hongzhong
Published: July 2016

A two‐stage, fluidized reduction route is proposed to synthesize iron nanoparticles (NPs), with the aim of enhancing the quality of fluidization and preventing sintering activity. At both low and high temperatures, the degree of metallization η is approximately 80% due to the defluidization. Defluidization is mainly caused by the rapid sintering of the newly formed Fe NPs. The proposed two‐stage fluidization approach successfully resolves the defluidization problem through the self‐agglomeration of nanoparticles cultivated at low temperatures. These self‐agglomerated NPs showed an improved resistance to sintering at high temperatures. The high‐purity Fe NPs prepared by this approach exhibited excellent combustion activity, indicative of the potential as oxygen carriers in chemical looping combustion systems. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 459–468, 2017
Strategy to improve catalytic trend predictions for methane oxidation and reforming
Authors: Baek Byeongjin , Aboiralor Abraham , Wang Shengguang , Kharidehal Purnima , Grabow Lars C. , Massa Jacob D.
Published: July 2016

Computational catalysts screening is an increasingly popular technique, in which the mechanism from a known good catalyst is commonly adopted, parameterized from linear scaling relationships, and then used in a microkinetic model to identify other metal alloys with incrementally improved activity. This strategy, however, fails to identify truly novel catalysts that operate under nontraditional reaction conditions and exhibit alternative dominant reaction pathways. Using methane oxidation and reforming we investigated a series of O* and OH*‐assisted C‐H scission and C‐O bond formation pathways. Notably, for methane oxidation we discovered a second local optimum for O*‐assisted C‐H bond activation near Ag, which is inactive if only the direct C‐H scission route is considered. In light of the significant qualitative difference in the predicted catalytic trends when parallel mechanisms are allowed, we propose a minimum barrier assumption to rapidly screen for potentially important alternative pathways without the need for costly density functional theory simulations. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 66–77, 2017
Effect of potassium ion on the stability and release rate of hydrogen peroxide encapsulated in silica hydrogels
Authors: Dogan Ezgi Melis , Sudur Zalluhoglu Fulya , Orbey Nese
Published: July 2016

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is encapsulated in silica hydrogels using sol‐gel method and the effects of the K+ : Na+ ion ratio on gelation time, hydrogel structure, stability, and release rate of H2O2 were investigated. As the amount of K+ ions increased relative to the amount of Na+ ions at the same pH, the gel structure became less compact and the pore diameter increased. Hydrogen peroxide retention values up to 90 and 80% were observed at the end of 7 and 20 days, respectively, in the presence of K+ ions at low pH values when the initial H2O2 concentration was 19.9 wt %. Release rate of hydrogen peroxide decreased with decreasing pH for the two K+ : Na+ ion ratios studied. This work presents an environmentally friendly, low cost, and easy to scale up method to increase the stability of high initial concentrations of H2O2 at room temperature and customize the release rate. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 409–417, 2017
Loading of fibrous filter media and newly designed filter configurations by salt particles: An experimental study
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Cheng Peng , Tatarchuk Bruce J.
Published: July 2016

Various fibrous filter media, including surface filter media, depth filter media, woven and nonwoven filter media, were tested and particle loading capacity was calculated using bench‐scale setup via a new estimation approach which was proposed and experimentally verified with Novick‐Kozeny model. Multi‐element structured arrays (MESAs) developed by our research group were evaluated as well for particle loading capacity and filter lifetime on 24″ × 24″ full scale test rig (based on ASHRAE 52.2 Standard). Effects of varying filter media type, filter depth, pleat count and MESAs' element count on salt particle loading performance were experimentally investigated. The experimental studies showed that nonwoven activated carbon fiber filter media have allowed significantly higher salt particle loading capacity and longer useful lifetime compared to woven or nanofiber entrapped media. Furthermore, MESAs were able to significantly enhance loading capacity for salt particles and useful lifetime due to higher filtration area and lower filtration velocity. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3739–3750, 2016
Phenotypic expansion of TBX4 mutations to include acinar dysplasia of the lungs
Authors: Szafranski Przemyslaw , Coban‐Akdemir Zeynep H. , Rupps Rosemarie , Grazioli Serge , Wensley David , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Popek Edwina , Lee Anna F. , Lupski James R. , Boerkoel Cornelius F. , Stankiewicz Paweł
Published: July 2016

Mutations in the T‐box transcription factor TBX4 gene have been reported in patients with Ischiocoxopodopatellar syndrome (MIM# 147891) and childhood‐onset pulmonary arterial hypertension. Whole exome sequencing of DNA from a 1 day old deceased newborn, with severe diffuse developmental lung disorder exhibiting features of acinar dysplasia, and her unaffected parents identified a de novo TBX4 missense mutation p.E86Q (c.256G>C) in the DNA‐binding T‐box domain. We propose phenotypic expansion of the TBX4‐related clinical disease spectrum to include acinar dysplasia of the lungs. The reported mutation is the first identified genetic variant causative for acinar dysplasia. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Homozygosity for moyamoya disease risk allele leads to moyamoya disease with extracranial systemic and pulmonary vasculopathy
Authors: Fukushima Hiroyuki , Takenouchi Toshiki , Kosaki Kenjiro
Published: July 2016

Moyamoya disease is characterized by diffuse distal intracranial stenosis. Recently, RNF213 has been identified as a susceptibility gene in the development of this condition. Pulmonary hypertension is a rare progressive vasculopathy with an unknown etiology. The co‐occurrence of pulmonary hypertension and Moyamoya disease has been described in four patients; however, whether this co‐occurrence represents a chance association or a common vascular pathology has remained unknown. Here, we report two unrelated male patients who presented during their childhood with dyspnea on exertion. Systemic vascular imaging studies revealed the presence of pulmonary hypertension and Moyamoya disease in both patients. Medical exome sequencing revealed that both patients had a homozygous mutation for p.Arg4810Lys in RNF213. We suggest that homozygosity in RNF213 may lead to a novel entity involving the brain and lung. Interestingly, when present in a heterozygous state, this mutation causes a classic cerebral vascular disease, Moyamoya disease. In the homozygous state, the exact same mutation led to Moyamoya disease with extracranial systemic vasculopathy in at least two patients. From a clinical standpoint, cerebrovascular or pulmonary vascular investigations may be warranted in patients with pulmonary hypertension or Moyamoya disease, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.