bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging in whole organ pancreatic transplants and a multimodality review of its complications
Authors: Hameed Maira , Hameed Shema , Harvey Chris , Moser Steven , Muthusamy Anand
Published: April 2021

This pictorial review will describe the normal anatomy of whole organ pancreatic transplants and the common surgical variants with which the radiologist should be familiar. Complications may be divided into (1) vascular: arterial occlusion and stenosis, venous thrombosis, pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae, (2) parenchymal complications such as pancreatitis and the variety of peripancreatic collections, and (3) enteric complications including leak and fistula formation. The radiologist plays a crucial role in the initial assessment of graft anatomy and perfusion, prompt diagnosis, and increasingly, in the management of complications.
Protocol for a scoping review of measurement of sleep in mild cognitive impairment and early dementia
Authors: Blackman Jonathan , Morrison Hamish , Harding Sam , Lloyd Katherine , Coulthard Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

Background: Sleep abnormalities are increasingly recognised to emerge early in dementia, at or before the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) phase.  Abnormal sleep accelerates cognitive decline and may directly contribute to pathophysiology.  Its accurate measurement is therefore crucial, firstly to characterise sleep abnormalities in early disease potentially facilitating earlier identification of those at risk of dementia and secondly to test sleep intervention efficacy.  However, it is our a priori hypothesis that sleep outcomes are reported heterogeneously inhibiting side-by-side comparison of study findings.  As a translational step towards informing choice and decisions on optimal measures, this scoping review will describe measurement tools utilised and sleep parameters currently reported in early dementia and MCI. 

Methods: This scoping review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis for Scoping Reviews.  The search strategy consists of an electronic search of the CINAHL Plus, Embase, Medline, Psychinfo and British Nursing Index databases and date limited to articles published from 2000.  Search results will be merged using reference management software and duplicates removed.  10% of returned titles and abstracts will be checked by each reviewing member to ensure continuity of decision making.  Full-texts will be reviewed by at least two reviewers with discrepancies resolved by whole team consensus.  A PRISMA flow diagram will document the selection process.  Extracted data will be analysed and reported narratively. 

Discussion: This scoping review will identify which sleep parameters are reported and the means by which they are measured in people with MCI or early dementia.  We intend to explore differences in reporting practice within group subsets, e.g. by dementia and study subtype.   

Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required due to absence of human participants.  Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant academic conferences.  The search strategy will be made available publicly for transparency.
Ascertaining and classifying cases of congenital anomalies in the ALSPAC birth cohort
Authors: Taylor Kurt , Thomas Richard , Mumme Mark , Golding Jean , Boyd Andy , Northstone Kate , Caputo Massimo , A Lawlor Deborah
Published: April 2021

Congenital anomalies (CAs) are structural or functional disorders that occur during intrauterine life. Longitudinal cohort studies provide unique opportunities to investigate potential causes and consequences of these disorders. In this data note, we describe how we identified cases of major CAs, with a specific focus on congenital heart diseases (CHDs), in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We demonstrate that combining multiple sources of data including data from antenatal, delivery, primary and secondary health records, and parent-reported information can improve case ascertainment. Our approach identified 590 participants with a CA according to the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) guidelines, 127 of whom had a CHD. We describe the methods that identified these cases and provide statistics on subtypes of anomalies. The data note contains details on the processes required for researchers to access these data.
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Generation 2 questionnaire data capture May-July 2020
Authors: Smith Daniel , Northstone Kate , Bowring Claire , Wells Nicholas , Crawford Michael , Pearson Rebecca M. , Thomas Amy , Brooks-Pollock Ellen , Lawlor Deborah A. , Timpson Nicholas John
Published: April 2021

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1990-1992 from the Bristol area (UK). ALSPAC has followed these women, their partners (Generation 0; G0) and their offspring (Generation 1; G1) ever since. From 2012, ALSPAC has identified G1 participants who were pregnant (or their partner was) or had become parents, and enrolled them, their partners, and children in the ALSPAC-Generation 2 (ALSPAC-G2) study, providing a unique multi-generational cohort. At present, approximately 1,100 G2 children (excluding thosein utero) from 810 G1 participants have been enrolled.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, ALSPAC rapidly deployed two online questionnaires; one during the initial lockdown phase in 2020 (9thApril-15thMay), and another when national lockdown restrictions were eased (26thMay-5thJuly). As part of this second questionnaire, G1 parents completed a questionnaire about each of their G2 children. This covered: parental reports of children’s feelings and behaviour since lockdown, school attendance, contact patterns, and health. A total of 289 G1 participants completed this questionnaire on behalf of 411 G2 children.

This COVID-19 G2 questionnaire data can be combined with pre-pandemic ALSPAC-G2 data, plus ALSPAC-G1 and -G0 data, to understand how children’s health and behaviour has been affected by the pandemic and its management. Data from this questionnaire will be complemented with linkage to health records and results of biological testing as they become available. Prospective studies are necessary to understand the impact of this pandemic on children’s health and development, yet few relevant studies exist; this resource will aid these efforts.

Data has been released as: 1) a freely-available dataset containing participant responses with key sociodemographic variables; and 2) an ALSPAC-held dataset which can be combined with existing ALSPAC data, enabling bespoke research across all areas supported by the study.
RISK OF HEALTH TOURISM AND REHABILITATION SEGMENT IN SERBIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Anufrijev Ana , Dašić Goran
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused global changes that have affected the health sector, the economic sector, the social sector, as well as the sectors of interpersonal and social relations. Although health systems have become at the forefront of defense against the virus, other health sectors that focus on chronic diseases, new diseases, monitoring, rehabilitation, and various other forms of treatment have been put on the agenda. Unfortunately, the same fate befell the health tourism and rehabilitation sector. The problem can also be defined in the fact that the rehabilitation of insured persons who are entitled to it through the National Health Insurance Fund is carried out to a much lesser extent. The spa centers of Serbia were in the red zone of the covid system on two occasions during 2020-2021, which affected the complete absence of rehabilitation. After returning to the basic system of work, due to security measures that primarily have a physical distance, the capacities are significantly reduced. New expectations in tourism will require new standards, and the same will apply to health tourism and rehabilitation as its important sector. Although tourism has often fallen into crisis in recent decades and required the action of crisis management, it was still short-lived about the state of the Covid-19 pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic will require long-term crisis management. What is the path to recovery, and will we go back to the old way?
MENADŽMENT KONTROLE KVALITETA SOFTVERA UPOTREBOM BLACK-BOX TESTIRANJA NA POSTOJEĆEM WEBSHOP-U TRINITISHOP
Authors: Dakić Pavle , Savić Jelena , Todorović Vladimir
Published: April 2021

Creating the need for continuous growth and progress of all involved and connected business entities. They require compliance with certain web standards and support for multiple different browsers and devices. To be convinced of the version of the published code, we need a team that loves challenges, has the creativity and a desire for constant learning. Code, as a basis for a successful business, must be written appropriately with minimal deficiencies in logic and writing. The correctness and validity of the production code mostly depend on the program team itself and its responsibility for the written code. Vital code with errors can produce serious problems and unforeseen consequences. To achieve complete accuracy of all parts of the written code, it is necessary to use software testing and QA technique - quality assurance. The focus of the work is on the application and writing of the necessary programming code that uses QA/QC and the black-box method of testing the existing webshop. After analysis, the authors conclude that software quality control will be a constant challenge for many companies to survive in the short term of the adjustment process and that the crisis is an opportunity for courageous companies to invest ambitiously and timely in their internet business to become market leaders.
PRILOG ANALIZI DIGITALIZACIJE POSLOVANJA PREDUZEĆA U SRBIJI
Authors: Regodić Dušan , Matić Aleksandar , Regodić Radomir , Živić Andrijana
Published: April 2021

Digitalization is rapidly bringing changes and transforms our lives, economy, and society as a whole. New technologies are contributing to the more efficient business, community advancement and, as such, provide the basis for all our private and public sector partnerships to keep up with the current trends of the global market, or participate in what is called the digital economy. The subject of this paper is the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the operations of enterprises in Serbia. The paper aims to analyze the applications of ICT by examining various indicators. The starting point is that ICTs are the key factor for increasing economic efficiency, removing barriers, creating new business opportunities for geographical decentralization, and adapting businesses to new business conditions. The latest data from relevant domestic and international institutions were used for the analysis. The first part of the paper describes the current global technological trends and their impact on business operations and ways of measuring countries' readiness to use ICT. The second part of the paper analyzes the trends of different indicators of ICT usage in enterprises in Serbia: implementation of computers and computer networks, use of the Internet and mobile Internet for business purposes owning websites, applying E-commerce, social networking, and cloud services in businesses. Based on the performed analysis, it was concluded that there is a tendency of increasing the use of ICT in the business operations of enterprises in Serbia. However, it can be observed that some aspects of the business are characterized by significant use of ICT, while in others the use of these technologies is not yet represented to a significant extent.
Abundance and seasonality of insects in urban fragments of the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Aranda Rodrigo , Peil Alessandra , Rebello Nathália , Oliveira Bordin Rafael , Souza Thalita Moraes Miranda Ribeiro de , Oliveira Vinícius Terra Nascimento de
Published: April 2021

Insects are important ecosystem agents, however, in general, a decline in the composition and abundance of these animals around the globe has been observed. In the urban environment, this characteristic has been more critical, due to the lack of diversity and quality of habitats in these environments, which feature fragmentation of habitats. Thus, processes that naturally affect the composition of animals in the environment can be observed, shaping the abundance of species in their environments, processes such as seasonality, especially in tropical regions, with well-defined rain and dry seasons. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the seasonality and abundance of insects in urban fragments in the Cerrado, for this purpose four urban fragments were sampled in Campo Grande MS, during the months of January to December 2012 using Malaise traps. 26,890 individuals of 19 orders were collected, where the abundance of insect orders stands out Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemipetera and Trichoptera. A peak in general insect abundance was found in November, and there were significant differences over the months between different orders. However, no difference was found between the fragments, however, there was a trend towards changes in the diversity of orders related to the size of the fragments. The different strategies to deal with water stress well marked for the Cerrado is an important factor for the composition of the insect fauna of the domain and variations in the habitat, such as area size and phytosocionomic composition directly affect the orders found.
El gobierno en tiempos tempestuosos. Escenas de la democracia ateniense y su relación con la crisis
Authors: Marsico Claudia
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo está orientado al análisis de la relación entre democracia y crisis prestando atención a los antecedentes ajenos al contexto griego y el desarrollo del caso ateniense. Sobre esa base, se revisan dos tipos de fricción con otros modelos políticos. Por un lado, los elementos de tensión con la aristocracia, a través del testimonio de Tucídides y del Viejo Oligarca, y con los gobiernos unipersonales, a través del Hierón de Jenofonte, a los efectos de evaluar el papel de la relación con la crisis en su perfil general.
La confrontación partidista española a propósito de América Latina
Authors: del Alcázar Garrido Joan , Betancourt López Indira
Published: April 2021

América Latina ha sido desde siempre objeto de controversia en España, aunque últimamente con mayor intensidad se ha convertido en materia de utilización partidista, especialmente por parte de un bloque conservador que se esfuerza en convertir hechos y procesos latinoamericanos en elementos de confrontación política interna española. También las izquierdas hispanas tienen presente a América latina en su acción política, y padecen una elevada desinformación, mientras mantienen clichés de otra época. El artículo atiende a tres casos en la confrontación derecha/izquierda de los últimos tiempos: Venezuela, ariete conservador contra el Gobierno de Pedro Sánchez; México, como excitante del nacionalismo españolista tras la exigencia de López Obrador; y, finalmente, Bolivia tras la forzada salida del poder de Evo Morales.
Fraternidad política y enfermedades raras
Authors: Puyol Angel
Published: April 2021

sumen Las enfermedades raras reciben, en general, menos financiación para su investigación y tratamientos médicos que el resto de enfermedades. Al margen de explicaciones científicas y económicas conocidas, existen dos grandes posiciones éticas respecto a este hecho, la que lo aprueba por razones de ética utilitarista, y la que lo condena insistiendo en razones igualitaristas y de derechos individuales. En este artículo, analizo los problemas de ambos tipos de justificación moral, y propongo una alternativa ética basada en la idea de fraternidad política que, aplicada a las enfermedades raras, evita las peores consecuencias tanto del utilitarismo como del lenguaje del derecho individual a la salud y el mero igualitarismo.
La función ético-política de la autobiografía femenina renacentista: el caso del Libro de la vida de santa Teresa de Jesús
Authors: Fernández Martín Patricia
Published: April 2021

sumen Con el objetivo de demostrar que el sistema de control masculino renacentista tenía grietas de las que algunas mujeres eran plenamente conscientes, efectuamos un análisis del teresiano Libro de la vida a partir de los principales conceptos de la antropología filosófica clásica, asumiendo que una de las herramientas femeninas de expansión política es la publicación de una autobiografía en la que se explica no sólo cómo es el mundo, sino también cómo debería ser. Así, se defiende que este libro de Teresa de Ávila establece una propuesta ética de vida en la que se ofrecen pautas de comportamiento a la vez que la autora se configura a sí misma como ser-femenino-en-el-mundo (sociedad e historia), como fémina-en-el-aquí-y-ahora (espacio y tiempo) y como mujer-locuens (lenguaje y yo). La clave está en comprender que a lo largo de la historia numerosas intelectuales empleaban la autobiografía para dar su voz al mundo, pues les estaban vetados los discursos teológicos o filosóficos tal y como se concebían en la cosmovisión patriarcal.
Paper review: An overview on microarray technologies
Authors: Fajriyah Rohmatul
Published: April 2021

Bioinformatics is a branch in Statistics which is still unpopular among statistics students in Indonesia. Bioinformatics research used microarray technology, because data is available through to microarray experiment on tissue sample at hand. Microarray technology has been widely used to provide data for bioinformatics research, since it was first introduced in late 1990, particularly in life sciences and biotechnology research. The emergence and development of the Covid-19 disease further reinforces the need to understand bioinformatics and its technology. There are two of the most advance platforms in microarray technology, namely, are the Affymetrix GeneChip and Illumina BeadArray.  This paper aims to give an overview about microarray technology on the two platforms and the advantage of using them on bioinformatics research.
Supporting people to connect with their communities
Authors: Oxtoby Kathy
Published: April 2021

Kathy Oxtoby looks at the value of social prescribing, and how this approach has come into its own during the pandemic
What is driving complaints during the pandemic?
Authors: Mackenzie Peter , Simsek Ceylan
Published: April 2021

Dr Emma Davies, Medicolegal Consultant at Medical Protection, looks at how Covid-19 has impacted on patient complaints and some of the common themes that are emerging
University Students’ Perceptions toward the Use of an Online Student Response System in Game-Based Learning Experiences with Mobile Technology
Authors: Perera Víctor H. , Hervás-Gómez Carlos
Published: April 2021

The progressive integration of mobile technology in the classroom is generating new scenarios to innovate teaching methods. The aim of this study was to analyse the perceptions of university students toward the use of Socrative and its implications in gamified learning situations. This is a descriptive-survey investigation, complemented with content analysis techniques. The data were collected using a questionnaire designed ad hoc by Quiroga-Estévez et al. and structured interviews. The sample consisted of undergraduate students (n=472) of the degree of Primary Education from the Faculty of Education Sciences of a Spanish university. The results show significant changes in the learning process of the students, in social relations and in the teaching methodology.
Percepción de los estudiantes universitarios sobre la fiabilidad de la Wikipedia
Authors: Obregón Sierra Angel , González Fernández Natalia
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCCIÓN. La Wikipedia es la quinta página web más consultada del mundo, pero una de las críticas más habituales que recibe es su fiabilidad. Muchos expertos han indicado los problemas que han encontrado en esta enciclopedia en línea, editada por usuarios voluntarios de todo el mundo. En esta investigación hemos preguntado a los estudiantes universitarios que están cursando estudios de Educación sobre su percepción sobre la fiabilidad que tiene uno de los recursos que más utilizan para consultar información en Internet. MÉTODO. Para obtener los resultados se aplicaron tres instrumentos de obtención de datos. Estudiantes universitarios de toda España en estudios de educación cumplimentaron 1173 cuestionarios. Una vez se analizaron las respuestas, se creó un guion para realizar un grupo de discusión en la Universidad de Barcelona, y las respuestas de este sirvieron para crear el guion de las entrevistas que se realizaron a los editores de la Wikipedia. RESULTADOS. Se encontró una ligera correlación entre los conocimientos que tienen sobre ella, el uso que le dan, la importancia que le otorgan y su idea de fiabilidad. Los datos obtenidos nos permiten afirmar que los alumnos consultan habitualmente la Wikipedia, y la consideran muy útil y completa. Además, piensan que es fiable en muchos casos, pero tienen dudas sobre los datos que son fiables, tanto en la Wikipedia como en otras fuentes de información. Indicaron también que puede ser un recurso educativo válido, pudiendo utilizarse en contextos muy variados en diferentes niveles de formación. DISCUSIÓN. Los alumnos deben tener en cuenta que no se puede determinar globalmente si la Wikipedia es fiable o no, depende de muchos factores como la relevancia del artículo, su actualidad, los editores, las revisiones a las que ha sido sometido y el número de ediciones.
Lower extremity arterial interventions in England
Authors: Staniszewska A , Gimzewska M , Onida S , Lane T , Davies AH
Published: April 2021

Introduction

The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and advances in endovascular therapies continue to have an impact on the epidemiology and management of lower extremity arterial disease. This study describes trends in lower extremity revascularisation and major lower limb amputation in NHS England over the past two decades (2000–2019).

Methods

Numbers of lower extremity endovascular interventions, open surgical procedures and major lower limb amputations performed in NHS England between 2000 and 2019 were extracted from publicly available hospital admitted patient care activity reports. Trends in intervention were assessed with linear regression models and chi-square tests for trend.

Results

Over this period, 527,131 revascularisations and 92,053 amputations were performed. The mean age of patients was 67.5 years (standard deviation 1.6 years) and 65.3% were male. The number of lower limb revascularisation procedures increased by 402.4 units/year (95% confidence interval, CI, 290.1–514.6, p < 0.001). The number of endovascular interventions rose by 43.5% (10,912 in 2000 vs 15,657 in 2019; β = 359.5.0, 95% CI 279.3–439.8, p < 0.001) compared with no significant increase in the number of open surgical procedures (8,483 in 2000 vs 7,872 in 2019; β = 42.8, 95% CI −8.3 to 94.0, p = 0.095). The number of major lower limb amputations has decreased by 9.4% (5,418 in 2000 vs 4,907 in 2019; β = −31.0; 95% CI −49.6 to −12.5, R2 = 0.42, p = 0.003).

Conclusions

There has been a significant increase in the rate of lower limb revascularisation procedures associated with decreased numbers of major lower limb amputations over the past two decades. These changes in overall trends may affect both service provision and vascular surgery training planning.
Primer malignant giant cell tumour of kidney: a case report
Authors: Akarken I , Bal H , Tarhan H , Dere Y , Alkan A , Deliktaş H , Sahin H
Published: April 2021

Osteoclast-like giant cell tumours of the kidney are extremely rare and usually accompanied by a conventional urothelial neoplasm such as papillary, transitional renal cell, or sarcomatoid carcinoma. Although they have morphological features similar to those of the giant cell tumours in the skeletal system, their counterparts in the urinary system show highly malignant features. Our case is the third primer malignant giant cell tumour of the kidney in the literature. The patient was a 50-year-old male and underwent nephroureterectomy for a mass of 18×14×13cm in his left kidney. However, the patient died in the second month postoperatively as a result of local recurrences and multiple distant metastases. The general condition of the patient deteriorated progressively; hence, he could not have any adjuvant therapy. Having more information about the pathological and clinical findings of these exceedingly rare tumours can help inform treatment steps.
Waterlow score for risk assessment in surgical patients: a systematic review
Authors: Nayar SK , Li D , Ijaiya B , Barakat A , Lloyd D , Bharathan R
Published: April 2021

Introduction

The Waterlow score (WS) is used routinely in clinical practice to assess risk of pressure sore development. Recent studies have also suggested its use in preoperative risk stratification. The primary aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current evidence on the WS in predicting morbidity and mortality in surgical patients.

Methods

A systematic review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA and SWiM guidelines. A search strategy was conducted on the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.

Findings

Overall, 72 papers were identified, of which 7 met inclusion criteria for full text review, and 4 were included for analysis. All studies were cohort in nature and published between 2013 and 2016, encompassing a total of 505 surgical patients. The studies included general, vascular, transplant and orthopaedic surgery. A high WS was demonstrated to have statistically significant association with increased morbidity and mortality as well as need for intensive care unit admission and length of stay. Furthermore, this was a more accurate predictor compared with the P-POSSUM and ASA scoring systems used currently in routine practice.

Conclusions

The WS is a promising tool for risk stratification of surgical patients. It is already collected routinely by nursing staff throughout hospitals in the UK and would therefore be easy to implement. However, further large prospective studies are required in order to validate these findings prior to its establishment for this role in everyday surgical practice.
The safety and efficacy of day-case total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Dey S , Gadde R , Sobti A , Macdonald N , Jacob J , Unnithan A
Published: April 2021

Introduction

The popularity of day-case arthroplasty has been fuelled by focus on its cost effectiveness for the healthcare system. Safety concerns still remain. The aim of this review was to compare readmission rates after total joint arthroplasty for patients undergoing day-case surgery and for inpatients.

Methods

A comprehensive online search of databases was performed for all published articles in the English language evaluating readmission rates after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Seventeen studies were deemed eligible and included in the meta-analysis.

Results

All studies included in the meta-analysis described readmission rates following THA/TKA. The readmission rate for day-case patients was 1.9% (n=124) whereas for inpatients, it was 2.0% (n=12,399). Compared with inpatient arthroplasty, day-case arthroplasty was associated with lower total readmission rates (odds ratio [OR]: 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–0.94, p=0.01). Furthermore, day-case surgery conferred a decrease in readmission rates for both THA (1.3% vs 7.0%) and TKA (2.7% vs 4.3%). Moreover, day-case THA and TKA were both associated with a decreased chance of readmission (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.17–0.42, p<0.00001; and OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.42–0.72, p<0.00001 respectively).

Conclusions

This review emphasises that with a thoughtful, designated protocol and with careful patient selection, day-case arthroplasty is a safe and effective option.
La compasión por la fragilidad: un nuevo patriotismo
Authors: Del Río Herrmann Alejandro
Published: April 2021

El pensamiento de Simone Weil puede ser interpretado como una «política de la cultura» que posibilite una lectura decreativa de la fuerza social. La reflexión sobre la necesidad de arraigo, en el contexto de la Francia Libre, conduce a Simone Weil a concebir, frente a la idea de grandeza nacional, un nuevo patriotismo nacido de la desgracia y subordinado a la exigencia de justicia, un patriotismo cuyo móvil es la compasión por la fragilidad.
Algunas dificultades del profesorado de Geografía para educar en ciudadanía
Authors: García Pérez Francisco Florentino
Published: April 2021

Educar para la ciudadanía es una finalidad básica de la educación en el mundo de hoy, dados los graves problemas sociales y ambientales actuales. La enseñanza de la Geografía puede contribuir decisivamente a esa finalidad. Sin embargo, la situación real de la enseñanza muestra que ese objetivo educativo no se está consiguiendo. Ello se debe a múltiples dificultades, entre las cuales se pueden destacar la escasa reflexión epistemológica sobre los contenidos a enseñar, el tipo de conocimiento escolar recogido en los libros de texto y las características de la cultura escolar tradicional. Para superar esta situación, se propone la opción educativa de reorientar los contenidos de las disciplinas escolares, y concretamente de la Geografía, hacia un modelo de trabajo en torno a problemas sociales y ambientales. Ello exige, asimismo, formar al profesorado en una cultura profesional que les permita actuar como verdaderos educadores de ciudadanas y ciudadanos responsables y comprometidos con dichos problemas.
Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible como contenido transversal en la enseñanza de la geografía. Una experiencia de gamificación en 1.º de ESO
Authors: Corrales Serrano Mario , Garrido Velarde Jacinto
Published: April 2021

La educación para la sostenibilidad es una de las tendencias que está entrando con más fuerza en el ámbito educativo. El curriculum de las ciencias sociales, y en especial, el de la Geografía, presentan contenidos que, a priori, pueden servir para esta tendencia educativa. Este estudio presenta los resultados de una experiencia en la que se ha aplicado una metodología de gamificación y aprendizaje basada en retos para introducir de modo transversal contenidos relacionados con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en la enseñanza de geografía de 1º de ESO. Esta experiencia se ha analizado mediante una metodología híbrida, con elementos cualitativos y cuantitativos, para detectar las posibles mejoras del conocimiento de los ODS, y el grado de vinculación que los estudiantes perciben entre ODS y los contenidos de geografía antes y después del experimento. Los resultados muestran cómo los estudiantes han mejorado en sus conocimientos sobre los ODS, han detectado interesantes vínculos directos e indirectos entre los contenidos de la asignatura y los ODS, y creen que la asignatura les ha ayudado a conocer qué son los ODS.
Una alianza entre los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible y la formación de maestras en ciudadanía sostenible
Authors: Medir Huerta Rosa M. , Serra-Salvi Anna
Published: April 2021

Se presenta una experiencia de formación inicial del profesorado de educación primaria acerca de la asunción de los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) con la intención que constituya una actividad de formación en ciudadanía sostenible. Ante los diversos tipos de enfoques que se han utilizado en educación para la ciudadanía, de los que presentamos un breve resumen, nos situamos en la ciudadanía sostenible que puede derivarse de un aprendizaje geográfico. A lo largo del curso, se han trabajado los ODS más sociales con diversas actividades de trabajo geográfico en el aula y en la ciudad. Hemos tratado temas como la pobreza, la escasez de alimentos, el espacio público de la ciudad, los roles de género en la ciudad, el consumo responsable, la responsabilidad de las empresas, testimonios de la paz y el conflicto presentes en la ciudad. Al finalizar el curso, hemos evaluado hasta qué punto los conocimientos sobre cada uno de los ODS tratados incitan poco o mucho a los cambios en las formas de vida de los propios estudiantes, y por tanto, si contribuyen a unas pautas de ciudadanía más sostenible.
Single-pixel imaging of high-temperature objects
Authors: Xu Shuangyan , Zhang Jin , Wang Guan , Deng Huaxia , Ma Mengchao , Zhong Xiang
Published: April 2021

For visual measurement at high temperature, one challenge is how to reduce the radiation emitted by the high-temperature components themselves and the influence of hot gas flow on the image quality, which has a significant impact in fields such as aerospace or automotive manufacturing. Owing to the complicated optical imaging environment at high temperature, a new, to the best of our knowledge, image acquisition method of high-temperature components is proposed in combination with single-pixel imaging in this paper. A series of illumination patterns is emitted to the object, and the light waves measured by the single-pixel detector are used to reconstruct the image of the object. Single-pixel imaging of high-temperature objects at different temperatures and different spectral segments has been studied in this paper. The experiment proves that the method presented in this paper can decrease the strong light interference of the high-temperature object’s own radiation light and reduce the halo caused by the high temperature. This study provides a good impetus for the development of single-pixel imaging in the industrial field of high-temperature components by reducing the radiation light.
Ultrashort pulse written fiber Bragg gratings as narrowband filters in multicore fibers
Authors: Goebel T. A. , Nold J. , Hupel C. , Kuhn S. , Haarlammert N. , Schreiber T. , Matzdorf C. , Imogore T. O. , Krämer R. G. , Richter D. , Tünnermann A. , Nolte S.
Published: April 2021

We present the inscription of narrow-linewidth fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) into different types of multicore fibers (MCFs) using ultrashort laser pulses and the phase mask technique, which can act as notch filters. Such filters are required, e.g., to suppress light emitted by hydroxyl in the Earth’s upper atmosphere, which disturbs ground-based observation of extraterrestrial objects in the near infrared. However, the inscription into a commercially available seven-core fiber showed a quite large core-to-core deviation of the resonance wavelength of up to 0.45 nm. Two options are presented to overcome this: first, we present the photo-treatment of the FBGs to tune the resonance wavelength, which allows for sufficient resonance shifts. Second, adapted MCFs containing 12 cores, arranged on a circle, are fabricated. For this, two different fabrication procedures were investigated, namely, the mechanical drilling of the preform for a rod-in-tube version as well as a stack-and-draw approach. Both adapted MCFs yielded significant improvements with core-to-core wavelength variations of the FBGs of only about 0.18 nm and 0.11 nm, respectively, sufficient to fulfill the requirements for astronomical filter applications as discussed above.
Rapid classification of glaucomatous fundus images
Authors: Singh Hardit , Saini Simarjeet S. , Lakshminarayanan Vasudevan
Published: April 2021

We propose a new method for training convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and use it to classify glaucoma from fundus images. This method integrates reinforcement learning along with supervised learning and uses it for transfer learning. The training method uses hill climbing techniques via two different climber types, namely, “random movement” and “random detection,” integrated with a supervised learning model through a stochastic gradient descent with momentum model. The model was trained and tested using the Drishti-GS and RIM-ONE-r2 datasets having glaucomatous and normal fundus images. The performance for prediction was tested by transfer learning on five CNN architectures, namely, GoogLeNet, DenseNet-201, NASNet, VGG-19, and Inception-Resnet v2. A five-fold classification was used for evaluating the performance, and high sensitivities while maintaining high accuracies were achieved. Of the models tested, the DenseNet-201 architecture performed the best in terms of sensitivity and area under the curve. This method of training allows transfer learning on small datasets and can be applied for tele-ophthalmology applications including training with local datasets.
Asymmetric integration projection operators constructed by entangled state representations and parity measurement
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang Zhi-Ping , Zhang Jian-Dong
Published: April 2021

Using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators and Dirac notation, we introduce asymmetric integration projection operators in entangled state representations. These asymmetric projection operators are proven to be Hermitian. We demonstrate rigorously that they correspond to a parity measurement combined with a balanced beam splitter that provides an alternative method to analyze the signal of parity measurement. We use our method to revisit several previous schemes using parity measurement and exotic inputs. These results suggest that our work is useful for quantum metrology based on parity measurement.
Automatic design of a mid-wavelength infrared dual-conjugate zoom system based on particle swarm optimization
Authors: Yu Xiao , Wang Hanyu , Yao Yuan , Tan Songnian , Xu Yongsen , Ding Yalin
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a method for the automatic design of a special mid-wavelength infrared zoom system in which the positions of both the pupil planes and the image plane are fixed during the zooming process. In this method, the formulas for the desired zoom system are derived to ensure the exact fulfillment of the conditions with three moving components based on Gaussian reduction. A mathematical model is established based on the particle swarm optimization to determine the first-order parameters of the paraxial design. Then, the model is optimized by iteratively updating a candidate solution with regard to a specific merit function that characterizes the zoom ratio, compactness, and aberration terms. In the optimization phase, the physical feasibility is considered as the constraint on the candidate solutions. Using two examples, this work demonstrates that the developed method is an efficient and practical tool for finding a realizable initial configuration of a dual-conjugate zoom system. Since this method is no longer reliant on the traditional trial-and-error technique, it is an important step toward the automatic design of complex optical systems using artificial intelligence.
Hybrid evaporative cooling of 133Cs atoms to Bose-Einstein condensation
Authors: Wang Yunfei , Li Yuqing , Wu Jizhou , Liu Wenliang , Hu Jiazhong , Ma Jie , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang
Published: April 2021

The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of 133Cs atoms offers an appealing platform for studying the many-body physics of interacting Bose quantum gases, owing to the rich Feshbach resonances that can be readily achieved in the low magnetic field region. However, it is notoriously difficult to cool 133Cs atoms to their quantum degeneracy. Here we report a hybrid evaporative cooling of 133Cs atoms to BEC. Our approach relies on a combination of the magnetically tunable evaporation with the optical evaporation of atoms in a magnetically levitated optical dipole trap overlapping with a dimple trap. The magnetic field gradient is reduced for the magnetically tunable evaporation. The subsequent optical evaporation is performed by lowering the depth of the dimple trap. We study the dependence of the peak phase space density (PSD) and temperature on the number of atoms during the evaporation process, as well as how the PSD and atom number vary with the trap depth. The results are in excellent agreement with the equation model for evaporative cooling.
Monte Carlo simulation of a LSC based on stacked layers of fiber arrays with core-coating different absorbing properties
Authors: Barciela R. , Quintero F. , Doval A. F. , Fernández-Arias M. , del Val J. , Comesaña R. , Pou J.
Published: April 2021

In this work, a Monte Carlo ray-tracing model for the simulation and optimization of a fiber Luminescent Solar Concentrator (LSC) based on stacked layers of fiber arrays is developed and validated. The fiber LSC efficiency improvements are compared against a conventional planar LSC. We developed a new model to analyze the performance of different configurations of bulk-doped fibers and fibers constituted by a doped coating and a passive core. These configurations are analyzed also varying fiber packing geometry diameters, and length. Due to the exceptionally low absorption coefficient of the silica fibers (αwg ≈ 10−4 cm-1), concentration factors of up to 1.9 are predicted when dimensions are scaled over 1 m2, which improve more than twice the maximum concentration factor ever reported. These results serve as a preliminary theoretical study for the future development of a new LSC design based on flexible silica micro-fibers coated with Si-QDs doped poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) layers.
Angular momentum separation in focused fractional vector beams for optical manipulation
Authors: Gu Bing , Hu Yueqiu , Zhang Xiaohe , Li Miao , Zhu Zhuqing , Rui Guanghao , He Jun , Cui Yiping
Published: April 2021

The generation, propagation, and applications of different types of integer vector beams have been extensively investigated. However, little attention focuses on the photophysical and photomechanical properties of the fractional vector beam (FVB). Herein, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the spin angular momentum (SAM) separation and propagation characteristics of weakly focused FVBs. It is demonstrated that such a beam carrying no SAM leads to both the transverse separation of SAM and the special intensity patterns in the focal region. Furthermore, we study the intensity, SAM, and orbital angular momentum (OAM) distributions of the tightly focused FVBs. It is shown that both three-dimensional SAM and OAM are spatially separated in the focal region of tightly focused FVBs. We investigate the optical forces, spin torques, and orbital torques on a dielectric Rayleigh particle produced by the focused FVBs. The results reveal that asymmetrical spinning and orbiting motions of optically trapped particles can be realized by manipulating FVBs.
Experimental analysis of Raman-induced transverse mode instability in a core-pumped Raman fiber amplifier
Authors: Distler Victor , Möller Friedrich , Yildiz Benjamin , Plötner Marco , Jauregui César , Walbaum Till , Schreiber Thomas
Published: April 2021

The effect of transverse mode instability is a limitation for the power scaling of fiber laser systems, that can originate due to heat caused by stimulated Raman scattering. In this contribution, we experimentally investigate the threshold of transverse mode instability caused by stimulated Raman scattering in a passive fiber. Both, the Stokes seed power and the fiber length of a core-pumped Raman fiber amplifier are varied to systematically study this effect. Mode resolved measurements reveal that the threshold occurs at approximately the same Stokes output power for all tested configurations, independent of the total Raman conversion efficiency. These results increase the understanding of this type of mode instability and show which parameters are important for a further power scaling of high-power Raman fiber amplifiers.
2D beam shaping via 1D spatial light modulator using static phase masks
Authors: Whitehead James E. M. , Ryou Albert , Colburn Shane , Zhelyeznyakov Maksym , Majumdar Arka
Published: April 2021

Many emerging, high-speed, reconfigurable optical systems are limited by routing complexity when producing dynamic, two-dimensional (2D) electric fields. We propose a gradient-based inverse-designed, static phase-mask doublet to generate arbitrary 2D intensity wavefronts using a one-dimensional (1D) intensity spatial light modulator (SLM). We numerically simulate the capability of mapping each point in a 49 element 1D array to a distinct

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2D spatial distribution. Our proposed method will significantly relax the routing complexity of electrical control signals, possibly enabling high-speed, sub-wavelength 2D SLMs leveraging new materials and pixel architectures.
Spatial control of extreme ultraviolet light with opto-optical phase modulation
Authors: Olofsson Anna , Simpson Emma Rose , Ibrakovic Neven , Bengtsson Samuel , Mauritsson Johan
Published: April 2021

Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light is notoriously difficult to control due to its strong interaction cross section with media. We demonstrate a method to overcome this problem by using opto-optical modulation guided by a geometrical model to shape XUV light. A bell-shaped infrared light pulse is shown to imprint a trace of its intensity profile onto the XUV light in the far-field, such that a change in the intensity profile of the infrared pulse leads to a change in the shape of the far-field XUV light. The geometrical model assists the user in predicting the effect of a specific intensity profile of the infrared pulse, thus enabling a deterministic process.
CMOS-foundry-based blue and violet photonics
Authors: Morin Theodore J. , Chang Lin , Jin Warren , Li Chenlei , Guo Joel , Park Hyundai , Tran Minh A. , Komljenovic Tin , Bowers John E.
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate a CMOS-foundry-based

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photonic platform at blue and violet wavelengths that exhibits record-high intrinsic Qs of around 6 M at 453 nm and

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waveguide propagation loss of around 405 nm.
Polyester nasal swabs collected in a dry tube are a robust and inexpensive, minimal self-collection kit for SARS-CoV-2 testing
Authors: Padgett Leah R. , Kennington Lauren A. , Ahls Charlotte L. , Samarasinghe Delini K. , Tu Yuan-Po , Wallander Michelle L. , Cooper Shawna D. , Elliott James S. , Rains Douglas
Published: April 2021

Background

In order to identify an inexpensive yet highly stable SARS-CoV-2 collection device as an alternative to foam swabs stored in transport media, both contrived (“surrogate”) CoV-positive and patient-collected spun polyester swabs stored in dry tubes were evaluated for time- and temperature-stability using qPCR.

Methods

Surrogate specimens were prepared by combining multiple, residual SARS-CoV-2-positive clinical specimens and diluting to near-LOD levels in either porcine or human mucus (“matrix”), inoculating foam or polyester nasal swabs, and sealing in dry tubes. Swabs were then subjected to one of three temperature excursions: (1) 4°C for up to 72 hours; (2) 40°C for 12 hours, followed by 32°C for up to 60 hours; or (3) multiple freeze-thaw cycles (-20°C). The stability of extracted SARS-CoV-2 RNA for each condition was evaluated by qPCR. Separate usability studies for the dry polyester swab-based HealthPulse@home COVID-19 Specimen Collection Kit were later conducted in both adult and pediatric populations.

Results

Polyester swabs stored dry demonstrated equivalent performance to foam swabs for detection of low and moderate SARS-CoV-2 viral loads. Mimicking warm- and cold- climate shipment, surrogate specimens were stable following either 72 hours of a high-temperature excursion or two freeze-thaw cycles. In addition, usability studies comprised of self-collected patient specimens yielded sufficient material for molecular testing, as demonstrated by RNase P detection.

Conclusions

Polyester nasal swabs stored in dry collection tubes offer a robust and inexpensive self-collection method for SARS-CoV-2 viral load testing, as viral RNA remains stable under conditions required for home collection and shipment to the laboratory.