bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Buckling Analysis of Cylindrical Nanoshells Conveying Nano-Fluid in Hygrothermal Environment
Authors: Oveissi Soheil , Ghassemi Aazam , Salehi Mehdi , Eftekhari S. Ali , Ziaei-Rad Saeed
Published: January 2023

The present work addresses the critical buckling of circular cylindrical nano-shells containing static/dynamic nanofluids under the influence of different thermal fields that can also lead to appear the effect of thermal moisture so-called hygrothermal forces fields. To this end, the classical Sanders theory of cylindrical plates and shells is generalized by utilizing the non-classical nonlocal elasticity theory to derive the modified dynamic equations governing the nanofluid-nanostructure interaction (nano-FSI) problem. Then, the dimensionless obtained equations are analytically solved using the energy method. Herein, the applied nonlinear heat and humidity fields are considered as three types of longitudinal, circumferential, and simultaneously longitudinal-circumferential forces fields. The mentioned cases are examined separately for both high- and room-temperatures modes. The results show a significant effect of nanofluid passing through the nanostructure and its velocity on the critical buckling strain of the nano-systems, especially at high temperatures.
Mechanochemical Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Li
x
VS
y
Positive Electrodes for All-Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Otoyama Misae , Takeuchi Tomonari , Taguchi Noboru , Kuratani Kentaro , Sakaebe Hikari
Published: January 2023

To enhance the energy density of all-solid-state batteries, polysulfide positive electrodes have a great advantage of their high capacity. In this study, we developed Li
x
VS
y
(x = 5–9, y = 4–6) comprised Li2S and LiVS2. Although Li2S is an insulator, Li
x
VS
y
shows a high electronic conductivity (∼10−1–10−2 S cm−1) because it contains LiVS2 with a high electronic conductivity. The theoretical capacity of Li
x
VS
y
is 626–789 mAh g−1 when all the Li in Li
x
VS
y
reacts. Li
x
VS
y
positive electrodes achieve a high energy density because they show high capacity with no conductive additives and high loading of Li
x
VS
y
.
Investigating dual inhibition of ACC and CD36 for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Devereux Camille J. , Bayliss Jacqueline , Keenan Stacey N. , Montgomery Magdalene K. , Watt Matthew J.
Published: January 2023

Dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism is a hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we show that dual inhibition of the de novo lipogenesis enzyme, ACC, and hepatic deletion of the fatty acid transporter, CD36, was ineffective for the treatment of NAFLD in mice. This was due to a paradoxical increase in liver triglycerides with CD36 deletion resulting from decreased hepatic triglyceride secretion and increased lipogenic gene expression.
Profiling of Peripheral TRBV and CD4+CD25+ Treg in CHB Patients with HBeAg SC during TDF Treatment
Authors: Yang Jiezuan , Lu Haifeng , Chen Baikun , Jiang Lili , Zhang Hua , Ye Ping , Jin Linfeng
Published: January 2023

Background. It is lacking that markers could predict the prognosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) subjects during antiviral treatment, and the related cellular immune mechanism is not fully evaluated. Aim. To explore the comprehensive profile of T cell receptor β-chain (TRBV) and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) in peripheral blood of CHB patients with HBeAg seroconverting (SC) during tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) treatment. Methods. The frequency of CD4+CD25high+ Treg and number of skewed TRBV in 20 HBeAg positive patients were determined at baseline and following every 12 weeks during 96-week TDF treatment. The relationship among serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, HBV DNA load, Treg frequency, and the number of skewed TRBV, respectively, was analyzed for CHB patients. Receiver operative characteristic curve was applied to analyze their diagnostic value for HBeAg SC. Results. The number of skewed TRBV at week 48, Treg frequency at week 72, and ALT level at baseline could predict the HBeAg SC or non-SC in CHB patients during 96-week TDF treatment. Moreover, the positive correlation between ALT or HBV DNA and Treg levels or skewed TRBVs was significant in the SC group, but not in non-SC. Conclusions. The predictive cutoff value of ALT for HBeAg SC was 178 U/L at baseline. Moreover, the ALT, Treg, and TRBV families would be associated with the prognosis and pathogenesis of CHB patients during TDF treatment.
Bayesian Methods for Estimation the Parameters of Finite Mixture of Inverse Rayleigh Distribution
Authors: Ali Fadhaa
Published: January 2023

Methods of estimating statistical distribution have attracted many researchers when it comes to fitting a specific distribution to data. However, when the data belong to more than one component, a popular distribution cannot be fitted to such data. To tackle this issue, mixture models are fitted by choosing the correct number of components that represent the data. This can be obvious in lifetime processes that are involved in a wide range of engineering applications as well as biological systems. In this paper, we introduce an application of estimating a finite mixture of Inverse Rayleigh distribution by the use of the Bayesian framework when considering the model as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). We employed the Gibbs sampler and Metropolis – Hastings algorithms. The proposed techniques are applied to simulated data following several scenarios. The accuracy of estimation has been examined by the average mean square error (AMSE) and the average classification success rate (ACSR). The results showed that the method was well performed in all simulation scenarios with respect to different sample sizes.
Dynamic and Static Multiobjective Topology Optimization for Gears of Directional Drill Transmission System
Authors: Zhao Xiaohong , Yan Xianguo , Chen Zhi , Li Linbo , Ren Ruibin
Published: January 2023

Aiming at the multiobjective topology optimization design of the structure, this paper proposes a method to establish the comprehensive objective function based on the normalized subobjective of the compromise programming method and to determine the weight coefficient of the subobjective of the comprehensive objective function by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). By using statistical analysis and modal analysis, the static and dynamic characteristics of the gear can be obtained. The single objective topology optimization is used to reduce the compliance of the gear and elevate the low-order natural frequency, and the frequency weighting method is used to suppress the oscillation phenomenon in the frequency-single-objective optimization. AHP was used to determine the weight coefficient of each subtarget. The compromise programming method is used for multiobjective topology optimization, and the gear design is improved according to the optimization results. By analyzing the improved gear structure, the weight of the optimized gear is reduced by 25.3%. The overall stiffness performance and strength performance are enhanced, and the natural frequencies of each order are improved to different degrees.
Application of PEDOT:PSS Conductive Polymer to Enhance the Conductivity of Natural Leather: Retanning Process
Authors: Kebede Zerihun Teshome , Tadesse Melkie Getnet , Chane Tesfaldet Esubalew , Mengistie Desalegn Alemu
Published: January 2023

Leather is a natural material, made of collagen fiber bundles used to produce diverse types of products such as gloves and shoes due to durability, viscoelasticity, and strength. However, there is a limitation to using it for smart products due to electrical insulator properties and it needs conductivity properties to use for smart products. This study showed the new method of increasing the conductivity of goat glove leather by using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an enhancement reaction during the retanning process after leather acid dyeing. Analyze the properties of experimentally and conventionally treated leathers such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, tensile strength, color fastness, water absorption test, organoleptic, and electron microscopic analysis. The current study found that the treated leathers with 0.5 M PEDOT:PSS, 0.3 M DMSO, and acid dyestuff shows a maximum conductivity of 8.0 S/cm and can be used for making conductive gloves for operating touch-screen devices. Generally, it was found that acid-dyed leather samples treated by PEDOT:PSS with DMSO are more highly conductive than basic dyes and conductive polymers, which are applied on resining finishing. The study also found that experimented with conductive polymer leather processing has 38.4 kg/mm, 257.2% elongation, and 36.4 N tear strength, which are better than conventionally treated leather.
Recent Progress of Advanced Metal-Oxide Nanocomposites for Effective and Low-Cost Antimicrobial Activates: A Review
Authors: Birhanu Ruth , Afrasa Mesfin Asfaw , Hone Fekadu Gashaw
Published: January 2023

Pathogens with multidrug resistance have recently been responsible for widespread disease, fatalities, and economic distress. A nanomaterial with antibacterial characteristics is used to reduce the infection’s resistance. Metal-oxide nanocomposites are nanomaterials that exhibit outstanding physical and chemical characteristics. They are prime candidates for innovative functional materials with antimicrobial activity as one of their main uses. This review will summarize the current progress on the antimicrobial activity of metal-oxide nanocomposite, including widely recognized research outputs and recent findings, as these materials can overcome the limitation of the individual material due to their utterly different properties from the single materials. Additionally, it describes several metal-oxide nanocomposites that are produced using various methods for the application of antimicrobial activity, as well as the variables that can affect such activities and the main inhabitation mechanisms of this materials.
An Extended Interval Type-2 Fuzzy VIKOR Technique with Equitable Linguistic Scales and Z-Numbers for Solving Water Security Problems in Malaysia
Authors: Wan Azman Wan Nur Amira , Zamri Nurnadiah , Abas Siti Sabariah , Ismail Azimah , Tarmudi Zamali , Naim Syibrah , Abdullah Lazim
Published: January 2023

Interval Type-2 Fuzzy VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (IT2FVIKOR) technique is one of the techniques of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (IT2FMCDM), which was developed to solve problems involving conflicting and multiple objectives. Most of the IT2FVIKOR methods are created from linguistic variables based on Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Set (IT2FS) and its generalization, such as Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Numbers (IT2FNs). Recent literature suggests that equitable linguistic scales can offer a better alternative, particularly when IT2FSs have some limitations in handling uncertainty and imbalance. This paper proposes the extended IT2FVIKOR with an equitable linguistic scale and Z-Numbers, where its linguistic scale introduces an equitable balance of positive and negative scales added to the restriction and reliability approach. Different from the typical IT2FVIKOR, which directly utilizes IT2FNs with a positive membership, the proposed method introduces positive and negative membership where each side considers a restriction and reliability approach. Besides, this paper also offers objective weights using fuzzy entropy-based IT2FS to calculate the weights of the extended IT2FVIKOR. The obtained solutions would help decision makers (DMs) identify the best solution to enhance water security projects in terms of finding the best strategies for water supply security in Malaysia.
LEF1 Creates Memories in iNKT Cells That Potentiate Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Van Kaer Luc
Published: January 2023

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of innate-like T cells with great potential for developing cancer immunotherapies, including approaches based on chimeric antigen receptors (CAR). In this issue, Ngai and colleagues report that the transcription factor lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) optimizes functional properties of iNKT cells that promote antitumor immunity, raising enthusiasm for the development of robust cancer immunotherapies based on CAR-modified iNKT cells.

See related article by Ngai et al., p. 171 (2).
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Adrian Therese , Hornum Mads , Knop Filip Krag , Almdal Thomas , Rossing Peter , í Lída Lisa , Heinrich Niels Søndergaard , Boer Vincent Oltman , Marsman Anouk , Petersen Esben Thade , Siebner Hartwig Roman , Feldt-Rasmussen Bo
Published: January 2023

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is suggested as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The incidence of NAFLD is rising globally in parallel to the increasing incidences of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes remains the leading cause of CKD, but the co-existence of NAFLD, CKD, and type 2 diabetes is not well elucidated. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without CKD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 50 patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD stages 3–5 (no dialysis), and 50 patients with type 2 diabetes without CKD. Liver fat content was estimated by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction. NAFLD was defined as liver fat fraction ≥5.6% according to guidelines. Results: Mean age was 72 ± 4.9 years in patients with CKD and 65.9 ± 7.8 years in patients without CKD (p < 0.0001). Three out of four participants were men. BMI was 28.6 ± 3.5 kg/m2 and 27 ± 4.0 kg/m2 in patients with and without CKD, respectively (p = 0.0087). NAFLD was identified in 22 (44%) patients with CKD and 19 (38%) patients without CKD (p = 0.6845). Median (IQR) liver fat fraction was 4.7% (3.0–8.5) and 4.1% (2.9–7.7) in patients with and without CKD, respectively (difference in geometric means 5.3%, 95% CI −23; 45, p = 0.7463). Conclusion: These findings do not support any association between NAFLD and CKD (stages 3–5) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Prevalence of Vitiligo among Children and Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Patel Reema , Pandya Amit G. , Sikirica Vanja , Gandhi Kavita , Daniel Shoshana R. , Anastassopoulos Kathryn P. , Yamaguchi Yuji , Napatalung Lynne , Baik Rebecca , Ezzedine Khaled
Published: January 2023

Background: Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder that causes patchy loss of skin pigmentation. Up to 2.16% of pediatric patients may have vitiligo. This study estimated vitiligo point prevalence in children and adolescents (ages: 4–11 and 12–17 years) in the United States (US). Methods: An online, population-based survey of a nationally representative sample of individuals based on 2017 US Census Bureau estimates for age, race, Hispanic origin, income, and geographic region was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020. Parent/legal guardian proxies responded on behalf of their children or adolescents to vitiligo screening questions. Proxy-reported vitiligo status was adjudicated by expert dermatologists who reviewed photographs of vitiligo lesions uploaded by proxies using a teledermatology application. Estimated point prevalence (including diagnosed and undiagnosed vitiligo and its subtypes) was calculated for proxy-reported and clinician-adjudicated vitiligo. Results: There were 9,118 eligible proxy responses (5,209 children, mean age 7.7 years; 3,909 adolescents, mean age 14.4 years). The proxy-reported vitiligo prevalence (95% confidence interval) for children and adolescents was 1.52% (1.11–1.93) and 2.16% (1.66–2.65), respectively. The clinician-adjudicated prevalence (sensitivity analysis bounds) was 0.84% (0.83–1.23) and 1.19% (1.18–1.74), respectively. Approximately 69% of children and 65% of adolescents had nonsegmental vitiligo (clinician adjudicated) and up to 50% may be undiagnosed. Conclusion: Based on the clinician-adjudicated prevalence estimates, there were more than 591,000 cases of vitiligo in children and adolescents in the US in 2020. More than two-thirds had nonsegmental vitiligo and nearly half may be undiagnosed. Future studies should confirm these findings.
Using a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies to Assess and Demonstrate the Causal Effects of Allergic Rhinitis on Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases and Lung Function
Authors: Zhang Zengxiao , Li Gongfei , Yu Longgang , Jiang Jiaxin , Zhou Shizhe , Jiang Yan
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Observational studies have reported that allergic rhinitis (AR) was associated with chronic lower respiratory diseases (CLRDs) and lung function; however, their causal effects remain elusive. Therefore, to investigate the causal effects of AR on CLRDs and lung function, we conducted the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods: The data for AR, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio were obtained from genome-wide association studies, which were large sample studies on people of European ancestry. In this study, single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with AR were considered instrumental variables. We employed the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method with random effects to evaluate causal effects, and the weighted median and MR-Egger methods were used for sensitivity analyses. Significant causal associations were attempted for replication and meta-analysis. Results: In the discovery stage, we found that AR exhibited a significant causal effect on asthma (IVW, odds ratio [OR] = 16.91, 95% CI, 8.03–35.65, p < 0.001) and a suggestive effect on FEV1/FVC ratio (IVW, OR = 0.82, 95% CI, 0.68–0.99, p = 0.039). No causal effect of AR was observed on COPD, bronchiectasis, and IPF. In the replication stage, the causal effect of AR on asthma was replicated (IVW, OR = 11.57, 95% CI, 4.90–27.37, p < 0.001). The meta-analysis demonstrated that the combined OR of AR on asthma was 14.37 (IVW, 95% CI, 8.18–25.24, p < 0.001). Conclusions: We demonstrated and measured the causal effects of AR on asthma (OR = 14.37) and FEV1/FVC ratio (OR = 0.82), while there was no evidence to support a causal effect of AR on COPD, bronchiectasis, and IPF. These results suggest that AR tends to have a causal effect on lower airway disease of similar inflammatory types and can provide high-quality causal evidence for clinical practice as well as the pathogenesis and prevention of AR and asthma.
Real-Time fMRI Functional Connectivity Neurofeedback Reducing Repetitive Negative Thinking in Depression: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Proof-of-Concept Trial
Authors: Tsuchiyagaito Aki , Misaki Masaya , Kirlic Namik , Yu Xiaoqian , Sánchez Stella M. , Cochran Gabe , Stewart Jennifer L. , Smith Ryan , Fitzgerald Kate D. , Rohan Michael L. , Paulus Martin P. , Guinjoan Salvador M.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a cognitive process focusing on self-relevant and negative experiences, leading to a poor prognosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). We previously identified that connectivity between the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) was positively correlated with levels of RNT. Objective: In this double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, proof-of-concept trial, we employed real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) to delineate the neural processes that may be causally linked to RNT and could potentially become treatment targets for MDD. Methods: MDD-affected individuals were assigned to either active (n = 20) or sham feedback group (n = 19). RNT was measured by the Ruminative Response Scale-brooding subscale (RRS-B) before and 1 week after the intervention. Results: Individuals in the active but not in the sham group showed a significant reduction in the RRS-B; however, a greater reduction in the PCC-rTPJ connectivity was unrelated to a greater reduction in the RRS-B. Exploratory analyses revealed that a greater reduction in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC)-rTPJ connectivity yielded a more pronounced reduction in the RRS-B in the active but not in the sham group. Conclusions: RtfMRI-nf was effective in reducing RNT. Considering the underlying mechanism of rtfMIR-nf, the RSC and rTPJ could be part of a network (i.e., default mode network) that might collectively affect the intensity of RNT. Understanding the relationship between the functional organization of targeted neural changes and clinical metrics, such as RNT, has the potential to guide the development of mechanism-based treatment of MDD.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Delivered Intranasally Relieves Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Caused by a Single Prolonged Stress in Rats
Authors: Zhang Leile , Deng Lisha , Ma Chaofeng , Zhang Hui , Dang Yonghui
Published: January 2023

Introduction: In our previous study, we successfully constructed the recombinant brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-adeno-associated virus (AAV) modified by the influenza virus hemagglutinin-2 (HA2) and trans-transcriptional activator (TAT). BDNF-HA2TAT/AAV has been confirmed to have antidepression effects. BDNF-HA2TAT/AAV seems a promising therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as the BDNF plays an important role in the function of the nervous system. However, the effects of BDNF-HA2TAT/AAV on PTSD caused by the single prolonged stress (SPS) model are unknown. Methods: After the SPS model was established, BDNF-HA2TAT/AAV was administered (1 × 1011 vg per rat) through inhalation in the SPS + BDNF group for 2 weeks. Next, the rats underwent behavioral tests including an open-field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and a forced swimming test (FST). Sera and hippocampi were obtained from the rats, and an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay was performed to determine corticosterone concentration. Western blotting was conducted to determine BDNF, tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), cAMP-response element-binding protein, and protein kinase B levels. Results: BDNF-HA2TAT/AAV released anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in OFT, EPM, and FST. BDNF-HA2TAT/AAV also results in high plasma concentrations of corticosterone, BDNF, and TrkB in the hippocampus. Conclusions: SPS is an excellent animal model to assess PTSD. BDNF-HA2TAT/AAV therapeutically effects PTSD caused by SPS, with changes seen in plasma corticosterone and BDNF-TrkB pathways within the hippocampus; therefore, BDNF-HA2TAT/AAV may be a promising treatment for patients with PTSD.
Somatic Variants and Exon-Level Copy Number Changes in Five Hyperplastic Oral Leukoplakias
Authors: Anne Anuhya , Kumar Lov , Salavadi Revanth K. , Anand Pradeep S. , Nuguri Swapna , Bindra Sukhvinder , Reddy Kanapuram V.R. , Gummanur Madhusudhana R. , Mohan Kommu N.
Published: January 2023

Oral leukoplakia (OL), an oral potentially malignant disorder, begins with a hyperplastic/hyperkeratotic stage at which no genome-scale somatic single nucleotide variant profiles have been described so far. We performed exome sequencing of five cases at this stage with no evidence of dysplasia to identify genetic alterations (exon-level copy number alterations, indels, and single nucleotide variants), their association with transcript levels, and relationship with oral cancer susceptibility. Pathway enrichment analysis of genes associated with tobacco chewing and age-related mutation signatures, transcripts with variants predicted to be functionally damaging and those with significantly altered levels all indicated the involvement of focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interactions, regulation of cytoskeleton, and DNA repair. Two novel mutations identified in FAT1 tumor suppressor gene were associated with decreased transcript levels. In addition, 16 expressed cancer driver genes contained functionally damaging variants. Many of the affected genes were also reported in dysplastic OL lesions. The presence of variants in cancer driver genes and those shared with oral dysplasias possibly provides a basis for further progression and increased susceptibility to oral cancer.
Solutions Containing a Statherin-Derived Peptide Reduce Enamel Erosion in vitro
Authors: Reis Fabiana Navas , Francese Monique Malta , da Silva Natara Dias Gomes , Pelá Vinícius Taioqui , Câmara João Victor Frazão , Trevizol Juliana Sanches , Honório Heitor Marques , Crusca Edson , Marchetto Reinaldo , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo
Published: January 2023

The effect of solutions containing a statherin-derived peptide (Stn15pSpS) on the protection against enamel erosion in vitro was evaluated. Bovine enamel specimens were divided into 4 groups (n = 15/group): (1) deionized water (negative control), (2) Elmex Erosion Protection™ (positive control), (3) 1.88 × 10−5 M Stn15pSpS, and (4) 3.76 × 10−5 M Stn15pSpS. The solutions were applied on the specimens for 1 min. Stimulated saliva was collected from 3 donors and used to form a 2-h acquired pellicle on the specimens. Then, the specimens were submitted to an erosive pH-cycling protocol 4 times/day, for 7 days (0.01 M HCl pH 2.0/45 s, artificial saliva/2 h, and artificial saliva overnight). The solutions were applied again during pH-cycling, 2 times/day for 1 min after the first and last erosive challenges. Enamel loss (μm) was assessed by contact profilometry. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s test (p < 0.05). The best protection against erosion was conferred by Elmex Erosion Protection that significantly differed from all the other treatments, followed by the solutions containing Stn15pSpS, regardless of the concentration. However, 3.76 × 10−5 M Stn15pSpS did not differ from the negative control. The solution containing the lower concentration of Stn15pSpS protected against erosion in vitro, which should be confirmed using protocols that more closely resemble the clinical condition.
Challenges and Approach to Identifying Individuals with Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure
Authors: Parksook Wasita W. , Williams Gordon H.
Published: January 2023

Background: Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is a trait observed in both humans and animals, characterized by an increase in blood pressure (BP) following salt loading or a drop in BP following salt depletion. Summary: This “intermediate” phenotype has been reported in a sizable portion of individuals regardless of their hypertensive status; hypertensives (27–51%), normotensives (18–47%). Further, in epidemiological studies, this phenotype is associated with increased adverse cardiovascular outcomes, risk factors, and reduced survival rates. Herein, we review the challenges in the assessment of SSBP, heterogeneity in the assessment method and protocols, and how these differences could affect the results. Further, we review how to identify individuals with SSBP in the clinic by using clinical and genetic data. No clinical approach has yet provided sufficient sensitivity and specificity to identify those with SSBP. Thus, SSBP is not routinely identified in the clinic. Current genetic data suggest that genotyping may support such an office approach. To date, studies in 18 genes have provided sufficient evidence and reproducible data to identify potential mechanisms involved in subsets of subjects with hypertension and SSBP. Key Message: Proof-of-concept clinical trials using genetic biomarkers to determine and treat individuals with SSBP are ongoing. Their results will provide critical evidence to support genetic-focused, mechanistically driven algorithms to identify and treat, specifically, individuals with SSBP – personalized medicine.
Diuretics and Ultrafiltration in Heart Failure
Authors: Reis Thiago , Ronco Federico , Ostermann Marlies
Published: January 2023

Fluid overload is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with heart disease. The treatment options are limited to diuretics and mechanical fluid removal using ultrafiltration or renal replacement therapy. This paper provides an overview of the challenges of managing fluid overload, outlines the risks and benefits of different pharmacological options and extracorporeal techniques, and provides guidance for clinical practice.
O “percurso do reconhecimento” nos estudos da comunicação
Authors: Barros Laan Mendes de
Published: January 2023

O deslocamento “dos meios às mediações”, proposto por Martín-Barbero, na formação de um comunicador comunicólogo e seu percurso de reconhecimento são tratados neste artigo a partir das reflexões de Paul Ricœur sobre o “percurso do reconhecimento” e sobre as questões de identidade, ipseidade e alteridade, na compreensão de “si-mesmo como outro”. Traz autorreflexões sobre o percurso intelectual do autor e seu reconhecimento como comunicólogo, discute os estudos de comunicação no contexto de midiatização da sociedade e investe nas articulações entre comunicação e experiência estética, para “socializar o sensível” e “sensibilizar o social”, nas palavras de Herman Parret, como “estratégias sensíveis”, na linha do que propõe Muniz Sodré.
As atrações em uma trajetória intelectual: a força das mestras
Authors: Escosteguy Ana Carolina Damboriarena
Published: January 2023

Trata-se de um relato sobre parte da trajetória intelectual da autora, sobretudo, daquela vinculada ao período de sua formação na ECA/USP. Para tal, destaca a atração despertada por três mestras: Maria Immacolata V. de Lopes, Dulcília Buitoni e Cremilda Medina. O exercício autorreflexivo tem como ponto de partida o presente, amparando-se na rememoração de experiências. Sendo assim, recupera focos de interesse que se expressam no seu programa de estudos, bem como princípios que norteiam sua prática em estudos culturais. No desenovelar das atrações, percebe-se a fortaleza desses fios no seu fazer intelectual.
Financiando a ciência e a infraestrutura de pesquisa em tempos de crise
Authors: Negri Fernanda de
Published: January 2023

Este artigo discute, a partir de diversos exemplos internacionais, a relevância da infraestrutura científica e tecnológica para o desenvolvimento dos países. São apresentados diversos modelos de organização de sistemas de C&T ao redor do mundo, nos quais esse tipo de infraestrutura desempenha papelchave. No Brasil, as limitações dessa infraestrutura e de suas instituições são um componente a ser aprimorado para que a C&T desempenhe papel ainda mais relevante no desenvolvimento do país. Para isso, contudo, é preciso lidar com a restrição de recursos, que se tornou ainda mais severa nos últimos anos, quando o volume de investimentos públicos em C&T caiu drasticamente.
The Proportion of Dietary Salt Replaced With Potassium-Enriched Salt in the SSaSS: Implications for Scale-Up
Authors: Yin Xuejun , Paige Ellie , Tian Maoyi , Li Qiang , Huang Liping , Yu Jie , Rodgers Anthony , Elliott Paul , Wu Yangfeng , Neal Bruce
Published: January 2023

Background:

The SSaSS (Salt Substitute and Stroke Study) recently reported definitive effects of a potassium-enriched salt on cardiovascular outcomes and death. Quantifying the amount of potassium-enriched salt used by trial participants is important for understanding the magnitude of the effect of potassium-enriched salt on risk reduction and how population-wide scale-up might be achieved.

Methods:

Baseline and annual 24-hour urine samples were collected from subgroups of participants in SSaSS throughout the 5-year follow-up. The mean difference in 24-hour potassium excretion between the 2 groups was used to estimate the quantity of potassium-enriched salt consumed in the intervention group. The corresponding projected difference in sodium intake between groups was calculated and compared with the observed difference.

Results:

The potassium-enriched salt group, compared to the regular salt group, had a mean increase in 24-hour urinary potassium excretion of 0.80 g/d (95% CI, 0.71–0.90), which equates to consumption of 8.8 g/d (95% CI, 7.8–9.9) of potassium-enriched salt. Based on 8.8 g/d potassium-enriched salt consumption, the projected difference in 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was −0.79 g/d. This compares to an observed difference of −0.35 g/d (95% CI, −0.55 to −0.15) and suggests that 72% of baseline regular salt intake was replaced by potassium-enriched salt.

Conclusions:

The smaller than anticipated between-group difference in sodium excretion likely results from the joint use of regular salt and potassium-enriched salt in the intervention group. Our findings suggest that even an incomplete replacement of regular salt with potassium-enriched salt can deliver significant health gains.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02092090.
High Prevalence of Geriatric Conditions Among Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Aïdoud Amal , Gana Wassim , Poitau Fanny , Debacq Camille , Leroy Victoire , Nkodo Jacques‐Alexis , Poupin Pierre , Angoulvant Denis , Fougère Bertrand
Published: January 2023

As the population ages, the global cardiovascular disease burden will continue to increase, particularly among older adults. Increases in life expectancy and better cardiovascular care have significantly reshaped the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease and have created new patient profiles. The combination of older age, multiple comorbidities, polypharmacy, frailty, and adverse noncardiovascular outcomes is challenging our routine clinical practice in this field. In this review, we examine noncardiovascular factors that statistically interact in a relevant way with health status and quality of life in older people with cardiovascular disease. We focused on specific geriatric conditions (multimorbidity, polypharmacy, geriatric syndromes, and frailty) that are responsible for a major risk of functional decline and have an important impact on the overall prognosis in this patient population.
Aortic Valve Reconstruction With Autologous Pericardium Versus a Bioprosthesis: The Ozaki Procedure in Perspective
Authors: Unai Shinya , Ozaki Shigeyuki , Johnston Douglas R. , Saito Tomohiro , Rajeswaran Jeevanantham , Svensson Lars G. , Blackstone Eugene H. , Pettersson Gösta B.
Published: January 2023

Background

We assessed the Ozaki procedure, aortic valve reconstruction using autologous pericardium, with respect to its learning curve, hemodynamic performance, and durability compared with a stented bioprosthesis.

Methods and Results

From January 2007 to January 2016, 776 patients underwent an Ozaki procedure at Toho University Ohashi Medical Center. Learning curves, aortic regurgitation (AR), and peak gradient, assessed by serial echocardiograms, valve rereplacement, and survival were investigated. Valve performance and durability were compared with 627 1:1 propensity‐matched patients receiving stented bovine pericardial valves implanted from 1982 to 2011 at Cleveland Clinic. Learning curves were observed for aortic clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times, AR prevalence, and early mortality. Decreased aortic clamp time was observed over the first 300 cases. New surgeons performing parts of the procedure after case 400 resulted in a slight increase in aortic clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times. Among matched patients, the Ozaki cohort had more AR than the PERIMOUNT cohort (severe AR at 1 and 6 years, 0.58% and 3.6% versus 0.45% and 1.0%, respectively;
P
[trend]=0.006), although with a steep learning curve. Peak gradient showed the opposite trend: 14 and 17 mm Hg for Ozaki and 24 and 28 mm Hg for PERIMOUNT at these times (
P
[trend]
<
0.001). Freedom from rereplacement was similar (
P
=0.491). Survival of the Ozaki cohort was 85% at 6 years.

Conclusions

Patients undergoing the Ozaki procedure had lower gradients but more recurrent AR than those receiving PERIMOUNT bioprostheses. Although recurrent AR is concerning, results confirm low risk and good midterm performance of the Ozaki procedure, supporting its continued use.
A skeptic’s guide to Sherwin Carlquist’s inferences of xylem function
Authors: Olson Mark E.
Published: January 2023

Sherwin Carlquist’s work was filled with inferences of xylem function, and yet he did not carry out xylem physiological or biomechanical measurements. Moreover, his quantitative analyses were rudimentary and he disliked the standard scientific practice of quantifying uncertainty with statistical analyses. Also, took few pains to explain to other functional xylem biologists why his comparative approach was useful and appropriate. Here, I discuss why nevertheless his papers are extremely valuable contributions to inferences of xylem function. The most important insight is that Sherwin used a valid and essential approach for the inference of biological function, known as the comparative method. Together with optimality models, population biology (including xylem physiology), and studies of developmental potential, the comparative method is an indispensable part of a maximally supported inference of xylem structure–function relation. Detecting his insightful inferences of function often requires reading around his various idiosyncrasies, including the lack of statistics and instead his reliance on his extraordinary memory to detect patterns. With this guide to reading Carlquist’s work, I hope to give functional xylem physiologists better access to the richest and most wide-ranging body of functional hypotheses found in the xylem literature.
Platikos and moirikos: Ancient Horoscopic Practice in the Light of Vettius Valens’ Anthologies
Authors: Gansten Martin
Published: January 2023

From the ancient practice, implied by many textual sources although never formally prescribed, of identifying the twelve horoscopic places (the δωδεκάτροπος dōdekatropos) with the zodiacal signs, recent scholarship has often concluded that such identification constituted a tenet of ancient astrology even at a conceptual level. On the basis of a close reading of Vettius Valens’ Anthologies, supported by other ancient sources, this paper argues that while the places, like other elements of horoscopic practice, were often provisionally approximated by sign position alone, calculation of places by degree, with boundaries differing from those of the zodiacal signs, was consistently upheld in principle as more accurate and useful. Specifically, Valens’ preference appears to have been for places calculated from the quadrants formed by the intersections of horizon and meridian, a method also occasionally used in the Anthologies for defining planetary configurations and for annual transmission (παράδοσις paradosis). In several cases, such methods are explicitly employed even for horoscopes presented in a simple, signs-only format.
Exploring Subtropical Stratocumulus Multiple Equilibria Using a Mixed-Layer Model
Authors: Salazar Andrea M. , Tziperman Eli
Published: January 2023

Stratocumulus clouds cover about a fifth of Earth’s surface, and due to their albedo and low-latitude location, they have a strong effect on Earth’s radiation budget. Previous studies using large-eddy simulations have shown that multiple equilibria (both stratocumulus-covered and cloud-free/scattered cumulus states) exist as a function of fixed SST, with relevance to equatorward advected air masses. Multiple equilibria have also been found as a function of atmospheric CO2, with a subtropical SST nearly 10 K higher in the cloud-free state and with suggested relevance to warm climate dynamics. In this study, we use a mixed-layer model with an added surface energy balance and the ability to simulate both the stratocumulus (coupled) and cloud-free/scattered cumulus (decoupled) states using a “stacked” mixed-layer approach to study both types of multiple equilibria and the corresponding hysteresis. The model’s simplicity and computational efficiency allow us to qualitatively explore the mechanisms critical to the stratocumulus cloud instability and hysteresis as well as isolate key processes that allow for multiple equilibria via mechanism-denial experiments not possible with a full-complexity model. For the hysteresis in fixed SST, we find that decoupling can occur due to either enhanced entrainment warming or a reduction in cloud-top longwave cooling. The critical SST at which decoupling occurs is highly sensitive to precipitation and entrainment parameterizations. In the CO2 hysteresis, decoupling occurs in the simple model used even without the inclusion of SST–cloud cover feedbacks, and the width of the hysteresis displays the same sensitivities as the fixed SST case. Overall, the simple model analysis and results motivate further studies using higher complexity models.
Predictive Value of the Modified Mehran Score for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Özdemir Emre , Akçay Filiz Akyıldız , Esen Saban , Emren Sadık Volkan , Karaca Mustafa , Nazlı Cem , Kırış Tuncay
Published: January 2023

Considering the increasing use of the transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedure, the relationship of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) with post-TAVI mortality has become important. The Mehran score was developed to detect the risk of CIN development after cardiac intervention. We aimed to compare the role of the modified Mehran score, which can be calculated pre-procedure, in predicting CIN development and compare it with the original Mehran score. We retrospectively collected data from TAVI procedures at our institution between December 2016 and June 2021; of 171 patients, 44 (25.7%) had CIN. We found no association between contrast media volume and CIN (387 ± 120 vs 418 ± 139 mL, P = .303). High and very high modified Mehran score and preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) level were independent risk factors for CIN development after TAVI procedure. The area under curve (AUC) was .686 with 95% CI: .591-.780 and P < .001, and also, with a cut-off point of >7.5 points, there was 79.5% sensitivity and 63.0% specificity; otherwise, with a cut-off point of >9.5 points, there was 54.5% sensitivity and 71.7% specificity, for the modified Mehran score. The modified Mehran score comes into prominence compared with the original Mehran score since it can be calculated pre-procedure.
Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Index as a Novel Biomarker of Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Fan Qing-Xin , Liu Jia-Hui , Mo De-Gang
Published: January 2023

In this manuscript, we discussed some points about systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) and carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and put forward our comments.
The homily from the Memorial Eucharist for Mark Allen McIntosh: November 20, 2021, St. Luke’s Episcopal Church, Evanston, IL
Authors: Griswold Frank T.
Published: January 2023

The sermon preached by The Rt. Rev. Frank T. Griswold, twenty-fifth Presiding Bishop, at the Eucharist service for The Rev. Mark A. McIntosh, PhD.
Mosaic of beliefs: Comparing gender ideology in China across generation, geography, and gender
Authors: Yang Rujun
Published: January 2023

Modernization accounts of cultural change hold that economic development drives liberalization of social values, including gender beliefs. Some comparative gender scholarship suggests that societal affluence is often accompanied by the growth of gender-essentialist beliefs, and that these beliefs coexist comfortably alongside gender-egalitarian values. The multidimensional conceptualization of gender ideology that is required to assess these competing claims has been applied so far mostly to Western societies. China is an obvious case for extending knowledge of these relationships, given its rapid economic growth and its recent history of state-imposed gender-egalitarian discourses. Applying latent class analysis to the Chinese General Social Survey (2010–2017), this study links different tenets of gender ideology in China to temporally and spatially specific histories and gendered interests. The results show that the relative importance of modernization and gender accounts depends on the generational, regional, and gendered identities being examined. Unlike in the West, moreover, egalitarian and essentialist beliefs do not always coincide in contemporary China. The friction between these beliefs reflects the resilience of male-primacy ideology.
Testing Work–Life Theory in Marketing: Evidence from Field Experiments on Social Media
Authors: Umashankar Nita , Grewal Dhruv , Guha Abhijit , Bohling Timothy R.
Published: January 2023

In realizing that consumers regularly straddle the work–life interface, some companies position their products according to their ability to address work and life needs together, then communicate this offering to consumers. Whether using a work–life positioning strategy is effective remains unclear , however. If this strategy signals work–life enrichment, it should increase consumers’ interest, but only if the product demands few resources from consumers. If the product instead demands substantial resources, a work–life positioning might inadvertently trigger perceptions of work–life conflict and lower consumers’ interest. To test these predictions, the authors partnered with three businesses to advertise their products, which impose varying resource demands, on social media using content that highlights the work–life interface or not. Analyses of ad click data support the predictions: Work–life ads are less effective than single-domain (work or life) ads if the advertising involves resource-demanding products, but they are more effective if it pertains to resource-undemanding products. Furthermore, the effects are stronger among consumer segments that experience more work–life conflict in general. With this initial application of work–life theory to a marketing context, this article offers relevant insights for both research and practice.
Machine learning in the evaluation and prediction models of biochar application: A review
Authors: Chen Meng-Wei , Chang Meng-Shiuh , Mao Yuehua , Hu Shuyin , Kung Chih-Chun
Published: January 2023

This article reviews recent studies applying machine learning (ML) approaches to biochar applications. We first briefly introduce the general biochar production process. Various aspects are contained, including the biochar application in the elimination of heavy metals and/or organic compounds and the biochar application in environmental and economic scopes, for instance, food security, energy, and carbon emission. The utilization of ML methods, including ANN, RF, and NN, plays a vital role in evaluating and predicting the efficiency of biochar absorption. It has been proved that ML methods can validly predict the adsorption effectiveness of biochar for water heavy metals with higher accuracy. Moreover, the literature proposed a comprehensive data-driven model to forecast biochar yield and compositions under various biomass input feedstock and different pyrolysis criteria. They said a 12.7% improvement in prediction accuracy compared to the existing literature. However, it might need further optimization in this direction. In summary, this review concludes increasing studies that a well-trained ML method can sufficiently reduce the number of experiment trials and working times associated with higher prediction accuracy. Moreover, further studies on ML applications are needed to optimize the trade-off between biochar yield and its composition.