bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One sense of 'information': A quick tutorial to Information-Theoretic Logic
Authors: Sagüillo José Miguel
Published: May 2018

One of the multiple meanings of the word ‘information’ is given implicitly in the postulates and conditions of information-theoretic logic (I-T-L). The tradition of looking at logical phenomena from an informational stance goes back as far as the XIX century. Logicians such as Boole, De Morgan, Jevons, and Venn already suggested that deducing is a sort of unpacking the information already contained in given premises. In the XX century this tradition is recovered by Carnap and Bar Hillel, Cohen and Nagel, and more recently by Corcoran. John Corcoran has articulated a specific information-theoretic viewpoint of logic with its own particular characteristics. I intend to explain the basic ideas of I-T-L by motivating their philosophical underpinnings. One desideratum is to complement and to shed light on some of the philosophical shortcomings of the nowadays paradigmatic model-theoretic concept of logical consequence. Another is to provide a brief sample of questions to be newly addressed form the I-T-L, such as insufficiency as well as redundancy of information in a given axiom-set.
Position Paper Number 3 for the Workshop “Towards Criteria of Sustainability and Social Meaningfulness in Development“: The emerging ecology of genetic, digital and cultural (including non-Western) information environments
Authors: Goonatilake Susantha
Published: May 2018

Position Paper Number 3 for the Workshop “Towards Criteria of Sustainability and Social Meaningfulness in Development“: The emerging ecology of genetic, digital and cultural (including non-Western) information environments
Position Paper Number 4 for the Workshop “Towards Criteria of Sustainability and Social Meaningfulness in Development“: “Meaningful to Whom?” Technology Design and Stakeholder Integration
Authors: Raffl Celina
Published: May 2018

Position Paper Number 4 for the Workshop “Towards Criteria of Sustainability and Social Meaningfulness in Development“: The emerging ecology of genetic, digital and cultural (including non-Western) information environments
Competing views of information: human right vs. commodity, private vs. shared property
Authors: Fernández-Molina J. Carlos
Published: May 2018

Two competing perspectives of information are analyzed. Information may be considered as a human right, meaning all people should have access to it regardless of their economic power, or as a commodity, only accessible for those who are able to pay for it. In the same vein, the dichotomy between private or shared property of information is examined, particularly meaningful in the field of intellectual property and copyright legislation.
Towards a critical theory of information
Authors: Fuchs Christian
Published: May 2018

Critical information theory is an endeavour that focuses ontologically on the analysis of information in the context of domination, asymmetrical power relations, exploitation, oppression, and control by employing epistemologically all theoretical and/or empirical means necessary for doing so in order to contribute at the praxeological level to the establishment of a participatory, co-operative society. Three foundational aspects of a critical theory of information are discussed in this paper: the relation of immanence and transcendence, the relation of base and superstructure, and ideology critique.The logical figure of immanent transcendence is based on the dialectic of essence and existence and poses a viable counterpart to positivistic and postmodern definitions of critique. As an example for the logic of immanent transcendence to critical information theory, a contradiction of the Internet economy is discussed.The debate on redistribution and recognition between critical theorists Nancy Fraser and Axel Honneth gives the opportunity to renew the discussion of the relationship of base and superstructure in critical social theory. Critical information theory needs to be aware of economic, political, and cultural demands that it needs to make in struggles for ending domination and oppression, and of the unifying role that the economy and class play in these demands and struggles. Objective and subjective information concepts are based on the underlying worldview of reification. Reification endangers human existence. Information as process and relation enables political and ethical alternatives that have radical implications for society.
Reality Television, The Hills and the Limits of the Immaterial Labour Thesis
Authors: Hearn Alison Mary Virginia
Published: May 2018

This paper will examine the immaterial labour thesis as proposed by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri through a case study of reality television production practices, specifically those of the MTV program, The Hills. Because immaterial labour is rooted in individual intelligence, affect, and social communicative capacities, Hardt and Negri contend that economic value in the form of labour power can no longer be adequately measured and quantified and that this immeasurability contains revolutionary potential. But, given the current global economic meltdown, and the persistent and very material suffering of people all over the globe, how legitimate and responsible are these claims? Drawing from interviews with reality television workers and the work of George Caffentzis, Massimo de Angelis, David Harvie and others, this paper will test the limits of the immaterial labour thesis, arguing that, rather than disappearing, capital continues to impose measurement systems to determine socially necessary labour time no matter how diffuse or social that labour might be, and that this imposition continues to produce the alienation and exploitation of many for the benefit of a few.
The Virtual Debt Factory: Towards an Analysis of Debt and Abstraction in the American Credit Crisis
Authors: Manzerolle Vincent R.
Published: May 2018

Emanating from the United States, the ongoing global credit crisis has provided important insights into a shady new area of capitalist exploitation: the consumer debt factory. In an effort to speed up and quantifiably increase the circulation of consumer credit to match the consumption needs of post-Fordist accumulation, this industry—comprising financial institutions, consumer database companies, and credit rating agencies—has created a highly detailed body of information to stand-in for the corporeal self. This paper therefore examines this industry’s conceptualization of the self as a disembodied mechanism for mass-producing debt, creating a highly volatile informational commodity divorced from all material constraints. In using the credit crisis as a focal point, this paper considers how the far-reaching credit apparatus at the heart of the debt factory gives rise to the fatal abstractions that support, and ultimately undermine, contemporary capitalist economies. By substituting data for flesh, the credit industry has created an antagonism between the material and informational forms of the self, resulting in the construction of a virtual debtors prison. The ensuing analysis will highlight both the exploitative nature of this bifurcation as well as its profound contradictions.
3rd ICTs and Society Meeting; Paper Session - Inequalities: social, economic and political; Paper 2: Media conver-gence and blogging in exposing corruption and fraud in India
Authors: Murthy C.S.H.N.
Published: May 2018

The divide between the poor and the rich in India is getting wider and deeper day by day in the post globalization and privatization. It also sounds paradoxical to hear that the development whatever is happening in India is preceded by large scale corruption where the politicians and the bureaucrats in tandem and in perfect collusion are siphoning off billions of rupees meant for the rural development. But, none of these projects could escape the brunt of corruption in India. The paper deals with a few such stories of corruption as case studies that came to limelight and are placed in ‘convergent’ media either in the blogs of television channels or print media or on line web-portals such as face-book/twitter or on You Tube. The paper hypothesizes that the current level of exposure of corruption in 24x7 ‘convergent’ media is not adequate and would like to explore the ways and means of utilizing it (convergent media) more ‘socially effectively’ to totally curb/eliminate the corruption from the top to the lower level in the governance in India. This study therefore follows multiple methods of inquiry, besides the case studies, including surfing the existing web-portals/blogs for the mobilized public views on exposure of corruption through the ‘convergent’ media and conducting  interviews with the convenience sample of media experts in the field as also analyzing the secondary documents (for case studies). The study is therefore a descriptive and qualitative communication research.
Communicative Informatics: An Active and Creative Audience Framework of Social Media
Authors: Gallant Linda M. , Boone Gloria M.
Published: May 2018

Communicative informatics reflects the interactive complexity of web-based communication and a paradigm shift away from mass communication. Three discursive spheres (database and information systems, human computer interaction, and active audiences) work together to control online communication openness and its consequences for post-mass media society’s public common. This has implications for communication freedom, creativity, and constraints in an information-based society. Four propositions shed light on how online audience activity is encouraged by and imperative to corporate interests; how audience creativity can create, accept, or reject messages; how the online audience is monitored; and how online rhetoric can produce or inhibit public commons. Evidence shows that social media’s corporate interests can be at odds with online privacy and citizen communication. This tension is explored with a unique focus on rhetoric, argument, and the communication between audience members and Internet-based corporate media by way of digitized communication feedback loops.
Definition and Essence of Information
Authors: Qiao Tian-qing
Published: May 2018

It has been 60 years since the essential attributes of information were explored in the field of philosophy, resulting in many contentious schools of thought and a wide division of opinions. Some scholars in China and abroad have been trying to build a new system of information philosophy from an ontological perspective, so as to explain the world. In this paper, the author puts forward a definition of information and its mathematical expressions in order to demonstrate that information is the collection of three kinds of attributes of things. Analysis suggests that the essence of information is the interaction of matters and the representation of the law of causality in philosophy. The paper also explores the ways in which information—as a noun—is a term that people have customarily used and confused. Eventually, the induction, differentiation and utilization of information, as conventionally understood, should be applied into studying matters themselves.
Foundations for Science of Information: Reflection on the Method of Inquiry
Authors: Schroeder Marcin J.
Published: May 2018

The paper considers necessary conditions for establishing information science as a scientific autonomous disci- pline. The lack of a commonly accepted definition of information is not as threatening as it may seem, as each study within the discipline may choose an own definition, as well as an own philosophical framework, when there are some alternatives to choose between. More important is the development of a common methodology of inquiry and some range of standard questions regarding the concept of information. Also, it is important to develop some standards of inquiry, which would make information scientific studies accessible to philosophical analysis and reflection. In turn, contributions of information science to the resolution of problems identified within philosophy will give the best measure of maturity for information sci- ence as a discipline.
Social Informatics Today and Tomorrow: Status, Problems and Prospects of Development of Complex Lines in the Field of Science and Education
Authors: Kolin Konstantin
Published: May 2018

We consider the current state and current problems of development of Social Informatics in Russia as an impor- tant direction in science and education, studying information processes and systems in a modern society in terms of global- ization and informatization of the complex. Russian scientists set out the approach to the study of Social Informatics in the education system in the time of substantial upgrading in terms of becoming an information society.
The residue of imperium: Property and sovereignty on Indigenous lands
Authors: Sanderson Douglas
Published: May 2018

The doctrine of tenure is an unquestioned principle of the common law of real property. In this article, I examine the way in which the doctrine of tenure (or, as I call it, Crown tenure) has been used to displace Indigenous property rights and to undermine Indigenous assertions of sovereignty.
Lightning may pose a danger to patients receiving deep brain stimulation: case report
Authors: Prezelj Neža , Trošt Maja , Georgiev Dejan , Flisar Dušan
Published: May 2018

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment option for advanced stages of Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders. It is known that DBS is susceptible to strong electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that can be generated by various electrical devices at work, home, and in medical environments. EMFs can interfere with the proper functioning of implantable pulse generators (IPGs). Very strong EMFs can generate induction currents in implanted electrodes and even damage the brain. Manufacturers of DBS devices have issued a list of warnings on how to avoid this danger.

Strong EMFs can result from natural forces as well. The authors present the case of a 66-year-old woman who was being treated with a rechargeable DBS system for neck dystonia when her apartment was struck by lightning. Domestic electronic devices that were operating during the event were burned and destroyed. The woman’s IPG switched off but remained undamaged, and she suffered no neurological consequences.
Health care utilization and overall costs based on opioid dependence in patients undergoing surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis
Authors: Sharma Mayur , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Aljuboori Zaid , Boakye Maxwell
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE

Opioid abuse is highly prevalent in patients with back pain. The aim of this study was to identify health care utilization and overall costs associated with opioid dependence in patients undergoing surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS).

METHODS

The authors queried the MarketScan database using ICD-9 and CPT-4 codes from 2000 to 2012. Opioid dependency was defined as having a diagnosis of opioid use disorder, having a prescription for opioid use disorder, or having 10 or more opioid prescriptions. Opioid dependency was evaluated in 12-month period leading to surgery and in the period 3–15 months following the procedure. Patients were segregated into 4 groups based on opioid dependence before and after surgery: group NDND (prior nondependent who remain nondependent), group NDD (prior nondependent who become dependent), group DND (prior dependent who become nondependent), and group DD (prior dependent who remain dependent). The outcomes of interest were discharge disposition, hospital length of stay (LOS), complications, and health care resource costs. The 4 groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and linear contrasts built from generalized regression models.

RESULTS

A total of 10,708 patients were identified, with 81.57%, 3.58%, 8.54%, and 6.32% of patients in groups NDND, NDD, DND, and DD, respectively. In group DD, 96.31% of patients had decompression with fusion, compared with 93.59% in group NDND. Patients in group NDD, DND, and DD had longer hospital LOS compared with those in group NDND. Patients in group DD were less likely to be discharged home compared with those in group NDND (odds ratio 0.639, 95% confidence interval 0.52–0.785). At 3–15 months postdischarge, patients in group DD incurred 21% higher hospital readmission costs compared with those in group NDND. However, patients in groups NDD and DD were likely to incur 2.8 times the overall costs compared with patients in group NDND (p < 0.001) at 3–15 months after surgery (median overall payments: group NDD $20,033 and group DD $19,654, vs group NDND $7994).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients who continued to be opioid dependent or became opioid dependent following surgery for DS incurred significantly higher health care utilization and costs within 3 months and in the period 3–15 months after discharge from surgery.
A scoping review on health economics in neurosurgery for acute spine trauma
Authors: Chan Brian C. F. , Craven B. Catharine , Furlan Julio C.
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE

Acute spine trauma (AST) has a relatively low incidence, but it often results in substantial individual impairments and societal economic burden resulting from the associated disability. Given the key role of neurosurgeons in the decision-making regarding operative management of individuals with AST, the authors performed a systematic search with scoping synthesis of relevant literature to review current knowledge regarding the economic burden of AST.

METHODS

This systematic review with scoping synthesis included original articles reporting cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, cost-benefit, cost-minimization, cost-comparison, and economic analyses related to surgical management of AST, whereby AST is defined as trauma to the spine that may result in spinal cord injury with motor, sensory, and/or autonomic impairment. The initial literature search was carried out using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CCTR, and PubMed. All original articles captured in the literature search and published from 1946 to September 27, 2017, were included. Search terms used were the following: (cost analysis, cost effectiveness, cost benefit, economic evaluation or economic impact) AND (spine or spinal cord) AND (surgery or surgical).

RESULTS

The literature search captured 5770 titles, of which 11 original studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. These 11 studies included 4 cost-utility analyses, 5 cost analyses that compared the cost of intervention with a comparator, and 2 studies examining direct costs without a comparator. There are a few potentially cost-saving strategies in the neurosurgical management of individuals with AST, including 1) early surgical spinal cord decompression for acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (or traumatic thoracolumbar fractures, traumatic cervical fractures); 2) surgical treatment of the elderly with type-II odontoid fractures, which is more costly but more effective than the nonoperative approach among individuals with age at AST between 65 and 84 years; 3) surgical treatment of traumatic thoracolumbar spine fractures, which is implicated in greater direct costs but lower general-practitioner visit costs, private expenditures, and absenteeism costs than nonsurgical management; and 4) removal of pedicle screws 1–2 years after posterior instrumented fusion for individuals with thoracolumbar burst fractures, which is more cost-effective than retaining the pedicle screws.

CONCLUSIONS

This scoping synthesis underscores a number of potentially cost-saving opportunities for neurosurgeons when managing patients with AST. There are significant knowledge gaps regarding the potential economic impact of therapeutic choices for AST that are commonly used by neurosurgeons.
Outpatient spine surgery: defining the outcomes, value, and barriers to implementation
Authors: Pendharkar Arjun Vivek , Shahin Maryam Nour , Ho Allen Lin , Sussman Eric Scott , Purger David Arnold , Veeravagu Anand , Ratliff John Kevin , Desai Atman Mukesh
Published: May 2018

Spine surgery is a key target for cost reduction within the United States health care system. One possible strategy involves the transition of inpatient surgeries to the ambulatory setting. Lumbar laminectomy with or without discectomy, lumbar fusion, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, and cervical disc arthroplasty all represent promising candidates for outpatient surgeries in select populations. In this focused review, the authors clarify the different definitions used in studies describing outpatient spine surgery. They also discuss the body of evidence supporting each of these procedures and summarize the proposed cost savings. Finally, they examine several patient- and surgeon-specific considerations to highlight the barriers in translating outpatient spine surgery into actual practice.
Engaging with Climate Change: Comparing the Cultures of Science and Activism
Authors: Hoggett Paul , Randall Rosemary
Published: May 2018

Climate scientists and activists face the disturbing truths of climate change every day. How do they manage this psychologically? In-depth qualitative interviews with a small sample from these two groups suggest that scientists often take refuge in conventional understandings of scientific rationality in their attempts to defend themselves against anxieties generated by the politicisation of climate change. By contrast, activists seem more emotionally literate, building psychological support into their practice. We trace some of the dysfunctional effects of the social defences adopted by the scientific community, and demonstrate how a different approach has led to the development of what might be called ‘sustainable activism’.
The Degrowth Spectrum: Convergence and Divergence within a Diverse and Conflictual Alliance
Authors: Eversberg Dennis , Schmelzer Matthias
Published: May 2018

The call for ‘sustainable degrowth’ has recently turned into a focal point of critical social and ecological debate, as well as a framework for diverse strands of activism. So far, little is known about the motives, attitudes and practices of grassroots activists within the degrowth spectrum. This article presents results of a survey conducted at the 2014 International Degrowth Conference, revealing both the presence of a widely shared basic consensus among respondents and their broad division into five distinguishable sub-currents. A cluster analysis shows that degrowth provides a framework for a diversity of critical and transformational approaches. We identify and describe five such currents: eco-radical sufficiency-oriented critics of civilisation; moderate immanent reformers; a transitory group of voluntarist-pacifist idealists; the modernist rationalist Left; and the alternative practical Left.
Enduring sexual dysfunction after treatment with antidepressants, 5α-reductase inhibitors and isotretinoin: 300 cases
Authors: Healy David , Le Noury Joanna , Mangin Derelie
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate clinical reports of post-SSRI sexual dysfunction (PSSD), post-finasteride syndrome (PFS) and enduring sexual dysfunction following isotretinoin.

METHODS:

Data from RxISK.org, a global adverse event reporting website, have been used to establish the clinical features, demographic details and clinical trajectories of syndromes of persistent sexual difficulties following three superficially different treatment modalities.

RESULTS

We report on 300 cases of enduring sexual dysfunction from 37 countries following 14 different drugs comprised of serotonin reuptake inhibiting antidepressants, 5 α-reductase inhibitors and isotretinoin. While reports of certain issues were unique to the antidepressants, such as the onset of premature ejaculation and persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD), there was also a significant overlap in symptom profile between the drug groups, with common features including genital anaesthesia, pleasureless or weak orgasm, loss of libido and impotence. Secondary consequences included relationship breakdown and impaired quality of life.

CONCLUSIONS

These data point to a legacy syndrome or syndromes comprising a range of disturbances to sexual function. More detailed studies will require developments in coding systems that recognise the condition(s). Further exploration of these tardive sexual syndromes may yield greater understanding of tardive syndromes in general.
Screening of Antibacterial, Thrombolytic, Membrane Stabilizing, Anti-inflammatory and Antitumor Activity of Citrus assamensis Leaf Extracts
Authors: Shahriar M. , Bhuiyan M. A. , Rana M. S.
Published: May 2018

The methanol, ethanol and chlorofom leaf extracts of Satkara, Citrus assamensis (family: Rutaceae), were subjected to in vitro anti-bacterial, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing and in vivo anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity tests. The chloroform extract of C. assamensis showed the most important spectrum of activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Sarcina lutea among 6 gram positive and against 11 gram negative bacteria at the concentration of 1000 μg/disc, while the range of zones of inhibition were within 7-16 mm. Among the tested three extracts CHCl3 extract showed potent thrombolytic activity and hypotonic solution induced haemolytic activity where the percentages of inhibition were found to be 35% and 55% respectively. All the extracts established significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory effect by regulating biphasic inflammatory process induced by carrageenan. The leaf extract dose-dependently and significantly decreases the number of EAC cell count and inhibition of cell growth in comparison to the EAC control and standard. The results obtained in the present study indicate that, C. assamensis leaf can be a potential source of anti-bacterial, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, anti-inflammatory and antitumor agents.
Improvement of Effectiveness by Applying PDCA Cycle or Kaizen: An Experimental Study on Engineering Students
Authors: Hasan Z. , Hossain M. S.
Published: May 2018

This study mainly focused on developing skills on different field of perspective like software-based skills and interpersonal skills which will help an individual to become more proactive and efficient in their desired job field. In this memorizing based educational system students are not encouraged to learn new skills like software-based skills and interpersonal skills which are very much important to become expert and qualified individual in the corporate and competitive job field. The aim was to develop an effective method which will help the students to learn these necessary skills besides their regular course related study. It was focused on using this method by approaching on a gradual step by step procedure and developed it to solve the problem. It will save the time of the students and also make their fundamental knowledge strong on different software. A survey was conducted among the students from own university and got a satisfactory response from them. Most of them were looking for an effective process of learning without harming regular studies. This method will obviously help the students of our country to improve skills besides regular studies in a more effective way to be expert in their own field of specialization.
Method of Fatigue-Life Prediction for an Asphalt Mixture Based on the Plateau Value of Permanent Deformation Ratio
Authors: Sun Yazhen , Fang Chenze , Wang Jinchang , Yuan Xuezhong , Fan Dong
Published: May 2018

Laboratory predictions for the fatigue life of an asphalt mixture under cyclic loading based on the plateau value (PV) of the permanent deformation ratio (PDR) were carried out by three-point bending fatigue tests. The influence of test conditions on the recovery ratio of elastic deformation (RRED), the permanent deformation (PD) and PDR, and the trends of RRED, PD, and PDR were studied. The damage variable was defined by using PDR, and the relation of the fatigue life to PDR was determined by analyzing the damage evolution process. The fatigue equation was established based on the PV of PDR and the fatigue life was predicted by analyzing the relation of the fatigue life to the PV. The results show that the RRED decreases with the increase of the number of loading cycles, and the elastic recovery ability of the asphalt mixture gradually decreases. The two mathematical models proposed are based on the change laws of the RRED, and the PD can well describe the change laws. The RRED or the PD cannot well predict the fatigue life because they do not change monotonously with the fatigue life, and one part of the deformation causes the damage and the other part causes the viscoelastic deformation. The fatigue life decreases with the increase of the PDR. The average PDR in the second stage is taken as the PV, and the fatigue life decreases in a power law with the increase of the PV. The average relative error of the fatigue life predicted by the fatigue equation to the test fatigue life is 5.77%. The fatigue equation based on PV can well predict the fatigue life.
Parents’ attitudes and views regarding antibiotics in the management of respiratory tract infections in children: a qualitative study of the influence of an information booklet
Authors: Dekker Anne RJ , de Groot Esther , Sebalj Tom , Yardley Lucy , Cals Jochen WL , Verheij Theo JM , van der Velden Alike W
Published: May 2018

Background

Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is the most common reason to consult a GP during childhood, and often results in unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics. Using an information booklet during the consultation has been shown to be a promising tool to reduce antibiotic prescribing. The influence of such information on parents’ views, knowledge, and expectations has not been investigated yet.

Aim

To explore the reported attitude and knowledge of parents towards antibiotics and management of childhood RTI, as well as the added influence of an information booklet, as perceived by parents.

Design & setting

Qualitative interviews were conducted with Dutch parents who consulted the GP with their child for RTI symptoms and received an information booklet.

Method

Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and analysed using framework analysis by open-axial coding and describing themes.

Results

Eighteen parents were interviewed. Four themes were identified: prior reticence towards antibiotics; expectations of the consultation and trust in the GPs’ treatment decision; confirmation and reassurance by the booklet; self-management and future consultation intentions. Dutch parents felt reassured and more confident about their pre-existing reticent attitude towards antibiotic treatment; therefore, they thought their opinion and attitude had not really been changed by the booklet.

Conclusion

In a low-prescribing country like the Netherlands, information should focus on enhancing self-efficacy and providing concrete safety-netting advice. For other countries with less reticence towards antibiotics, it is recommended that the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of the population is studied, in order to be able to tailor interventions.
Confirming Variability in the Secondary Eclipse Depth of the Super-Earth 55 Cancri e
Authors: Tamburo P. , Mandell A. , Deming D. , Garhart E.
Published: May 2018

We present a reanalysis of five transit and eight eclipse observations of the ultrashort-period super-Earth 55 Cancri e observed using the Spitzer Space Telescope during 2011–2013. We use pixel-level decorrelation to derive accurate transit and eclipse depths from the Spitzer data, and we perform an extensive error analysis. We focus on determining possible variability in the eclipse data, as was reported in Demory et al. From the transit data, we determine updated orbital parameters, yielding T
0 = 2,455,733.0037 ± 0.0002, P = 0.7365454 ± 0.0000003 days, i = 83.5 ± 1.°3, and R

p
 = 1.89 ± 0.05 R
⊕. Our transit results are consistent with a constant depth, and we conclude that they are not variable. We find a significant amount of variability between the eight eclipse observations and confirm agreement with Demory et al. through a correlation analysis. We convert the eclipse measurements to brightness temperatures, and generate and discuss several heuristic models that explain the evolution of the planet’s eclipse depth versus time. The eclipses are best modeled by a year-to-year variability model, but variability on shorter timescales cannot be ruled out. The derived range of brightness temperatures can be achieved by a dark planet with inefficient heat redistribution intermittently covered over a large fraction of the substellar hemisphere by reflective grains, possibly indicating volcanic activity or cloud variability. This time-variable system should be observable with future space missions, both planned (JWST) and proposed (i.e., ARIEL).
Photon-counting Properties of SAPHIRA APD Arrays
Authors: Atkinson Dani , Hall Donald , Jacobson Shane , Baker Ian M.
Published: May 2018

We measure the ability of the Leonardo Selex Advanced Photodiode HgCdTe Infrared Array (SAPHIRA) avalanche photodiode array to perform photon counting. The current SAPHIRA arrays achieve >90% single-photon efficiency (independent of quantum efficiency expected to be also >90%) and a time resolution of 125 μs with a dark current of 21e
− s−1 pix−1. Our characterization of several iterations of the SAPHIRA detector over the past 3 years of its development have also revealed a broader pulse height distribution than was originally expected.
Predictors of Flare Following Etanercept Withdrawal in Patients with Rheumatoid Factor–negative Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Who Reached Remission while Taking Medication
Authors: Aquilani Angela , Marafon Denise Pires , Marasco Emiliano , Nicolai Rebecca , Messia Virginia , Perfetti Francesca , Magni-Manzoni Silvia , De Benedetti Fabrizio
Published: May 2018

Objective.

To evaluate the rate of flare after etanercept (ETN) withdrawal in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who attained clinical remission while taking medication, and to identify predictors of flare.

Methods.

Patients were included with oligo- (oJIA) and rheumatoid factor–negative polyarticular JIA (pJIA) who received a first course of ETN for at least 18 months, maintained clinically inactive disease (CID) for at least 6 months during treatment, and were followed for 12 months after ETN withdrawal. Demographic and clinical features were collected at onset, at baseline (initiation of ETN), and at time of disease flare.

Results.

After ETN withdrawal, 66 of the 110 patients enrolled (60%) flared with arthritis (of whom 7 flared with concurrent anterior uveitis; none with uveitis alone). The median time to flare was 4.3 months (interquartile range 2.5–6.4) with no evident differences between oJIA and pJIA. The number and type of joints involved at baseline and characteristics of ETN treatment/discontinuation were not associated with flare. Patients who flared were more frequently males (p = 0.034), positive for antinuclear antibody (ANA; p = 0.047), and had higher values of C-reactive protein (CRP; p = 0.012) at baseline. These variables remained significantly associated with flare in a multivariate logistic analysis, a model accounting for only 14% of the variability of the occurrence of the flare.

Conclusion.

Our results show that a significant proportion of patients with JIA who maintain CID for at least 6 months experience a relapse after ETN withdrawal. Male sex, presence of ANA, and elevated CRP at baseline were associated with higher risk of flare.
Quand l’acte de l’analyste, rencontre « l’agir » de l’enfant : un pari pour que s’instaure le sujet
Authors: Taverna Isabelle
Published: May 2018

La psychanalyse est une éthique de la parole, cependant, aujourd’hui nous sommes de plus en plus amenés à rencontrer de jeunes patients pour lesquels « l’agir » tient lieu et place d’un « dire ». Ce qu’il nous faut alors créer c’est une place pour le sujet, pour qu’un accès à la parole soit possible. Comment entendre l’agitation chez l’enfant ? Et la « traiter » tout en restant fidèle à l’éthique analytique ? Au travers du parcours d’un enfant, je souhaite illustrer comment l’acte de parole de l’analyste, comme réponse à « l’agir », peut soutenir une place pour le sujet et offrir un accès à la parole.
La fratrie comme nouvelle unité stable ?
Authors: Haxhe Stéphanie , Léonard Serge , Casman Marie-Thérèse , Coste Julie , Degey Virginie , de Saint-Georges Marie-Christine , De Vos Bernard , Salingros Caroline , Vrijens Caroline
Published: May 2018

En lien à l’importante évolution des structures familiales, le lien fraternel est à considérer sous un jour nouveau, s’offrant comme une nouvelle unité stable potentielle. Cette évolution majeure devrait inciter les thérapeutes, intervenants et législateurs à modifier leurs pratiques. Dans le contexte spécifique du placement en institution, en famille d’accueil ou dans le contexte de l’adoption, le lien de fratrie a été abordé majoritairement au sein d’articles accessibles en langue anglaise. Le manque de traduction de ces études et synthèses cliniques en français n’est pas sans incidence sur les pratiques et politiques publiques en matière de placement des fratries en pays francophones. Un premier objectif de cet article est de faire une synthèse de la littérature. Un deuxième objectif est de situer le cadre légal et protectionnel actuel en matière de droit de la fratrie. Un troisième objectif est d’aborder la clinique de terrain à travers des vignettes, afin d’illustrer les ressources du travail du lien fraternel en situation de placement conjoint. Enfin, nous conclurons avec des perspectives en matière de droit et de formation clinique d’équipes au travail avec les fratries.
Rôle de l’environnement, dynamiques transférentielles et contre-transférentielles avec la clinique du psychotraumatisme
Authors: Tovmassian Laurent Tigrane
Published: May 2018

À partir de certaines spécificités de la rencontre avec la clinique du traumatisme extrême (viols, agressions, attentats, tortures, génocides), les atteintes à la symbolisation et particularités du processus traumatique sont soulignés en un premier lieu. L’accent est ensuite mis sur le rôle de l’environnement proche dans sa fonction symbolisante. Il y a cependant certaines conditions en vue de la reprise de l’illusion nécessaire au champ de la réalité psychique. Ces conditions dépendent de la reprise de l’étayage entre auto-conservatif et sexuel impacté par l’effraction traumatique et le déni de l’environnement (en lieu et place de la reconnaissance). La tendresse est alors proposée comme vecteur de cet étayage.
Les prostitutions – pour une approche ethnographique du trauma
Authors: Maes Renaud
Published: May 2018

L’approche clinique des prostitutions se fonde fréquemment sur le concept de décorporalisation. Les différents « symptômes » de la décorporalisation doivent cependant être remis en perspective de la multiplicité des situations prostitutionnelles. C’est ce que nous nous proposons de faire au travers d’une approche ethnographique et d’une « sociologie en miroir ». Nous mettons de la sorte en évidence que la description de ces « symptômes » doit être réenvisagée pour mieux prendre en compte les stratégies individuelles, les mécanismes collectifs et les rapports sociaux.
Entre reconnaissance et possibilité de faire mal : l’expérience de l’altérité dans le cas d’une ancienne prisonnière politique de la dictature chilienne
Authors: Bravo Diego , Faúndez Ximena , Palma Evelyn , Brackelaire Jean-Luc
Published: May 2018

Selon une méthodologie qualitative de type biographique, l’article analyse sur le mode du cas unique le récit de vie d’une femme de 73 ans qui fut prisonnière politique et torturée lors de la dictature civile et militaire chilienne. On cherche à cerner le sens que prend l’autre comme altérité dans son expérience subjective. En premier lieu, c’est la figure de l’autre qui apparait dans le récit de prison, de torture et de violence politique. Dans ce cas, l’altérité se vit dans le passage entre des lieux de confort et d’appui, comme dans la camaraderie politique, et d’autres caractérisés par la violence et la crudité incarnés dans le rôle du tortionnaire et des forces armées. Une situation particulière se produit lorsque l’agresseur est paradoxalement perçu comme un être bon. En deuxième lieu, l’altérité se présente a posteriori, en aval de la situation de violence politique, dans la transmission de cette expérience. Elle prend forme dans le rôle du témoin, comme une expérience réparatrice associée à la reconnaissance qu’elle implique mais à la fois redoutée en raison du risque de « faire mal » au récepteur du récit. En troisième lieu, le cadre de la recherche se présente comme une instance particulière qui fait apparaître la rencontre entre le participant et un autre, chercheur, qui, à l’image de ce qui se produit dans le cas précédent, outre son rôle de chercheur, fait office de témoin.
Les phénomènes addictifs contemporains imposent-ils de repenser nos concepts psychanalytiques ?
Authors: Levaque Cédric
Published: May 2018

À partir d’un fragment de cure analytique issue de la clinique des phénomènes addictifs, l’auteur démontre en quoi les concepts freudiens et lacaniens restent toujours opérants pour appréhender de la clinique qualifiée, par certains, de « contemporaine ».
L’ennui comme figure actuelle de l’engoncement névrotique
Authors: Boucherat-Hue Valérie
Published: May 2018

En-deçà des représentations et des affects, l’ennui convoque la relation perceptivo-sensorielle à l’environnement pour lier des angoisses de perdre de vue l’objet. Cette endurance primaire est une résistance tonico-émotionnelle face aux traumas psychiques qui existe aussi dans la névrose. De courtes vignettes cliniques issues de la pratique des psychothérapies psychanalytiques montreront la place de l’ennui dans les névroses actuelles et les névroses de caractère. L’ennui peut mettre à mal la plasticité, et parfois l’unité, du sujet, y compris dans les contextes névrotiques fragiles dans lesquels la problématique identificatoire reste toutefois centrale en dépit de ses résonnances narcissiques-identitaires. Dans cette perspective, je soutiendrai que, le vide n’étant pas l’ennui, l’ennui n’est pas tant l’affect narcissique des angoisses de vidange qui envahissent les états-limites, mais qu’il est plutôt la figure centrale des organisations névrotiques actuelles. J’appellerai périnévrotiques ces problématiques d’engoncement somatopsychique compte tenu de leurs flottements structurels d’ordre narcissique-identificatoire.
L’animal : le plus proche, le plus lointain
Authors: Willems Sandrine
Published: May 2018

« Mon chien, mon chat, c’est comme mon âme » : si tant d’entre nous ont pu le penser, plus ou moins secrètement, n’est-ce pas que l’animal de compagnie peut nous devenir plus proche qu’un humain ? En nous apportant tout autre chose – lui qui est tout autre que l’humain ? Au point que certains voient en lui une sorte d’incarnation du « divin », de la « grâce » – ce qui est là gratuitement, « pour rien » – sinon, justement, pour faire place à l’âme ?
Le chien, une figure de compagnon polyvalent
Authors: Brohm Jean-Marie
Published: May 2018

Le chien domestique ( canis familiaris ) est le premier animal domestiqué par l’homme. Présent dans presque toutes les sociétés humaines, il est capable de remplir de très nombreuses fonctions : économiques (chiens de trait), sécuritaires (chiens policiers), militaires (chiens d’assaut), scientifiques (objet de vivisection), humanitaires (chiens guides d’aveugles, chiens sauveteurs, chiens auxiliaires de vie), sportives (chiens de traîneaux, chiens de course), alimentaires (chien de boucherie). Les très nombreuses races de chiens permettent une grande variété de relations de compagnonnage. Si « l’ami le plus fidèle de l’homme » est souvent traité comme un animal familier et même familial en tant que quasi personne et objet d’amour, il est aussi l’objet de nombreuses phobies, d’où l’ambivalence culturelle du chien.
Le vétérinaire, l’animal et son maître
Authors: Bardet Jean-François , de Mijolla-Mellor Sophie , Rubiliani-Lenne Sylvie
Published: May 2018

Comment et pourquoi devient-on vétérinaire ? Qu’est-ce qui fascine ce dernier chez l’animal de compagnie ? Soigne t’il d’ailleurs uniquement l’animal ou bien aussi le maître ? Pourquoi les gens ont-ils des animaux de compagnie ? Telles sont les questions auxquelles Jean-François Bardet a accepté de répondre à partir de sa longue pratique de chirurgien vétérinaire en ville.
La relation de l’homme au chien familier : symptôme de sa dynamique psychique ?
Authors: Elies Christel , Schauder Silke
Published: May 2018

L’évolution de la société humaine a entraîné une transformation de la place accordée aux animaux domestiques. Humanisé, le chien s’est vu élevé au rang de membre de la famille. Simple ersatz de parentalité ou néo-relation objectale ? Cet article propose une réflexion sur les mouvements psychiques mis en jeu dans notre relation au chien familier, de son acquisition à sa mort. Quand les interactions dysfonctionnent, le chien peut manifester des comportements répétitifs et devenir le symptôme de son propriétaire.
L’animal de compagnie comme médiateur
Authors: Monzani Stefano
Published: May 2018

L’animal de compagnie, au statut intermédiaire entre le non-humain et l’humanisé, nous aide non seulement à soulager certaines pathologies humaines, mais il pénètre aussi de façon intime notre imaginaire fictionnel et nos rêves et facilite la symbolisation de nos fantasmes, nos pulsions ou encore des parties de soi. Bien qu’entachée d’une profonde ambivalence, la relation avec l’animal de compagnie nous permet non seulement de mieux appréhender notre subjectivité, mais peut faciliter la réappropriation des aspects de notre infantile, de notre originaire prélangagier, et peut-être aussi la reconnaissance de notre animalité primordiale fondatrice de notre humanimalité.
La relation homme-animal au nouage de la médiation thérapeutique avec le cheval
Authors: Bouillon Charlotte
Published: May 2018

Les processus psychiques qui se jouent au nouage de la relation homme-animal seront abordés, dans cet article, sur le versant de la médiation thérapeutique avec le cheval. Quels enjeux animent le clinicien et le patient qui se rejoignent dans le désir de s’inscrire dans une telle clinique ? L’auteur s’attache à cerner, en s’appuyant sur sa pratique clinique et son expertise, en quoi la dimension du Réel est contactée dans cette rencontre particulière dans laquelle l’imprévisibilité bienveillante du cheval en fait un partenaire thérapeutique privilégié.
Comme un chien dans un cimetière ou les raisons d’un amour
Authors: Leleux Fabienne-Charlotte
Published: May 2018

L’opinion courante admet difficilement que la mort et le deuil d’un animal de compagnie puissent être vécus avec autant d’intensité que celle d’un être humain proche. Si le deuil d’un animal n’a pas sa place en société, force est de constater que le deuil, en général, se voit banalisé dans le social, à l’exception des cimetières pour animaux. À la culture, dite populaire, de ces nécropoles (épitaphes, ornements funéraires) font écho les correspondances et écrits de Sigmund Freud, de Sidonie Csillag, d’Anna Freud et de Marie Bonaparte. L’auteure soutient ici l’hypothèse que le discours sur l’animal, tel qu’il est tenu par ces différents protagonistes, mobilise des figures archaïques, plus ambivalentes qu’il n’y paraît.
« Malwâââ... » , le nom de la frontière
Authors: Vernet Anne
Published: May 2018

Méditation sur un compagnonnage de douze ans avec quatre chiens et un chat. À travers les âges de leurs vies s’égrène la communication entre mammifères « debout et non debout ». La question de la Voix animale, du chant et du langage s’y articule avec celles du chaînon manquant et de la servitude partagée. Questionnement qui éclaire en clair-obscur le passage douloureux de la Voix refoulée à la parole au cours du processus analytique.