bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The first proposed of fiber to the home (FTTH) protection unit for clients scattered placement
Authors: Ramza H , Aziz S A C , N Z , Mastang  , Ab-Rahman M S
Published: May 2020

This paper describes the design and analysis of protection schemes that it is not regular customers’ location in optical communication system network. Distance and number of customers with the design of optical point protection unit achievements are recognized as the user for a series of rings from CAPU-Ring 1 (Customer Access Protection Unit). CAPU-Ring 1 is made as a safety point of optics that will be placed on the prior user. This system is an optical spot that will be placed in a ring circuit for use in placement of clients scattered. Proposed construction of a series with a protection channel architecture is about designing CAPU-Ring 1 as optical nodes, condition and repair damage to the circuit, the power budget calculations, design in the simulation, and analysis of the node to node. Parameters outlined in this discussion are the relationship of each node optical output power, improving the system of the eye diagram to the distance and also increase the system working against the maximum optical node. Characterization of ring network protection architecture can be identified from the results of a simulation study.
Green productivity application for improving productivity and environmental performance through the selection of the best solution scenario in the agroindustry
Authors: Mubin A
Published: May 2020

Improving productivity and environmental performance is very important for agroindustry to improve performance and competitiveness.The application of the green productivity (GP) can help the company to be able to increase productivity and environmental performance in the same time. The purpose of this research is to improve the productivity and the environmental performance through improvement in the system of production by selecting alternative scenario as the best solution from some of alternative solution scenarios. The method of the research is conducted in several stages that are measuring process productivity and early environmental performance, arrangement of the improvement scenario system that can increase productivity and environmental performance simultaneously and provide suggestions for refurbishing and improving productivity and environmental performance. The result of the calculation from early productivity level is obtained the average of the past 7 period is 139.4%. While the value of early environmental performance is 0.69 which means that the quality of waste has met the standard of regulations, although they are still relatively small so they still needs to do restitution and improvement. The measurement value of green productivity index (GPI) is obtained that the existing condition, the scenario 1, the scenario 2 and scenario 3 are 1.39, 1.43, 1.45 and 1.41. Thus, then the selected best scenario is scenario 2, it is expected that the productivity and the environmental performance, as well as the competitiveness of companies can improve.
Classification of EEG signals uses the coefficient of wavelet transform and K-nearest neighbor
Authors: Hindarto H , Muntasa A , Efiyanti A
Published: May 2020

The research that was built was used to explain the application of Electroencephalography (EEG) signal waves. EEG data is used to move the cursor up and the cursor down. Characterization of each EEG signal uses the Wavelet method taken at each the subband of the wavelet process. Wavelet process by taking the average value and the standard deviation value of the wavelet coefficient. The average value and the standard deviation value is used as an EEG feature. K-Nearest Neighbor is used as an identification whether the cursor will move up or vice versa. This study uses of 100 EEG signal data consisting of 50 test data and 50 testing data. The accuracy of identification uses the 80% K-NN method.
Fire spread simulation using cellular automata in forest fire
Authors: Bhakti H D , Ibrahim H , Fristella F , Faisal M
Published: May 2020

Forest fires are adverse events both economically and mentally. Triggers of fires are complex variables so that the spread of fire to date has not been predicted. Modeling is one solution to study the process of spreading fire. The Cellular automota was used to simulate the spread of fire in forest fires. Simulations carried out with simulations carried out by varying the value of burnability. burnProbability is a value that shows the probability of a tree burning. The value of burnability used is 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%. From each burnProbability value, the percentage of forest that is burned is calculated. The simulation was carried out for 17 iterations for each burnProbability value. The results of the average is the greater the value of burnProbability, the greater the percentage of burned forest. When the burnProbability value of 80% of the burned forest is almost entirely, it is 97.23183%.
Data security improvements on cloud computing using cryptography and steganography
Authors: Astuti N R D P , Aribowo E , Saputra E
Published: May 2020

Cloud computing is a service that eases its users to store data on the internet. However, cloud computing has lack, which is related to stored data security specifically to image file that can be manipulated easily. To improve the data securities of JPG file type on cloud computing, the combination of advanced encryption standard (AES) cryptography and least significant bit (LSB) steganography methods is required. This study implemented AES 128 algorithm cryptography process to scramble the messages that will be inserted and LSB steganography to hide the messages that has been scrambled. The data were assessed using Stegspy. The results of this study indicated that cloud computing service of Platform as a Service (PaaS) has resulted ciphertext that was attached to JPG/JPEG images using Least Significant Bit (LSB). From 5 (five) samples, the encryption result testing on JPG/JPEG files was bigger than the original file. The bigger the number of characters of the inserted text, the bigger the size of JPG/JPEG files will be.
Application of genetic algorithm concept on course scheduling
Authors: Ansari R , Saubari N
Published: May 2020

Genetic Algorithms have parameters such as crossover probabilities and mutation probabilities used based on entering population numbers and number of generations. Of the two entries, nine rules were obtained which would produce crossover probabilities and mutation probabilities. One problem that can be solved using a genetic algorithm is the scheduling of courses. In the preparation of course scheduling, it takes quite a long time and needs a very high accuracy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to implement genetic algorithms on lecture scheduling problems. So that the accuracy and speed in determining the class schedule can be fulfilled. The test results show that applying a genetic algorithm can obtain the course schedule without any collision in one iteration process.
Design of control system expand valve on water heating process air jacket
Authors: Pasaribu F I , Roza I
Published: May 2020

Many automatic machines implemented in the processing of palm oil in the industry are less effective in working on a heating control process in the jacket water system. With the ATMega, 328 Arduino Uno microcontroller control system as an Arduino program input and output controller and “C” language, a servo motor as output (valve) is controlled, and LCD as a display device for LM35 temperature detection can make it easier for workers to control the process of controlling water temperature on the jacket and can avoid failure in the process of melting the palm oil from the previous processing so that the oil in the pipeline continues to flow. The method used in this research is the design method that consists of several stages, namely, (1) Requirement analysis, (2) Design, (3) Implementation of the circuit, (4) Testing Procedures and (5) Testing tools. The level of accuracy of the rotation degree of the servo motor (as a valve) qualifies 100% (>35 °C and ≤ 49 °C, the motor rotates 40o), the relationship between temperature and the rotation speed of the servo motor qualifies with 100% accuracy (>50 °C and ≤ 53 °C then the motor rotates 80 °C) The overall performance of this tool can work well and calibration of the detection temperature value between the LM35 sensor with a thermometer has a difference of 1 mV so that it can be implemented by adjusting devices in the industry.
Structure Design and Analysis of a Novel Forward-folding Rotor used in a Downwind Horizontal-axis Turbine
Authors: Meng Haoran , Zeng Pan , Lei Liping
Published: May 2020

To alleviate the stiffness constraints of the conventional blade and thus reduce the rotor mass, a novel forward-folding rotor (Downwind Forward-folding Rotor, DFFR) used in a downwind horizontal-axis turbine is presented. This novel rotor is designed to align the combination of gravitational, centrifugal, and thrust forces along the blade path, resulting in primarily tensile loads instead of cantilever loads on the blades. The DFFR blades fold forward at a power-limited condition, which induces the change of the blade pitch angle and cone angle and thus maintains a constant power output. To quantify the mass savings, a 5-MW DFFR was designed based on the NREL 5-MW reference rotor. According to the results calculated by an improved BEM method, the rotor power and torque of the 5-MW DFFR have a slight increase compared with those of the NREL-5MW reference rotor, while the rotor thrust of the 5-MW DFFR is smaller than that of the NREL-5MW reference rotor. Furthermore, based on the finite element analysis, the blade of the 5-MW DFFR had an 18.9% mass saving and an 8.4% peak stress reduction compared with the blade of the NREL-5MW reference rotor, over a range of operating wind speeds and azimuthal angles.
Lean Improvement of Product P Assembly Line based on Value Stream Map
Authors: Chang Kai , Tan Guangchao , Wang Xiaolong , Zhou Changjun , Wei Luyuan
Published: May 2020

Based on the product P assembly line transformation project of a company, the main problems of the original production line are analyzed with the method of Value Stream Map. Lean improvement measures which is used in the design of new production line are put forward in the aspects of overall layout, process arrangement, production mode, material buffer, auxiliary equipment and personnel allocation to reduce some non-value added activities and wasteful behaviors. By the Value Stream Map of the improved lean production line, the evaluation indexes can be improved significantly. After the new production line is completed and put into production, the workshop stock is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Restoration and Reuse Design of Industrial Heritage based on Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Jue Chen , Chen Wang
Published: May 2020

Based on the practical work of revitalizing the old industrial heritage of Zhengzhou No.2 Abrasive Wheel Factory, the method and technical feasibility of the restoration and reuse design of industrial heritage based on virtual reality technology are discussed in the paper. The research is based on MARS virtual reality technology platform, which is compatible with traditional modeling software, such as SKETCHUP and 3DMAX, and can directly use related software for modeling and import, reduce repetitive work and greatly shorten working time. In addition, the platform has good post-scene simulation function and is suitable for restoration and creative conceptual design in complex environment. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part is a brief introduction of the project background and task. The second part discusses the virtual reality technology solution proposed according to the project needs, and further analyzes the implementation process and technical characteristics of the solution. The final part evaluates the role of virtual reality technology in the restoration and reuse design of industrial heritage, so as to provide some inspiration for relevant designs.
Research on Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Art Design Under the Background of Convergence Media
Authors: Yu Yan , Binghong Zhan , Fei Guo , Jiaxin Tian
Published: May 2020

With the continuous development of artificial intelligence, the application of artificial intelligence no longer repeats the “science and technology”, “medical research and development”, “computer” and other engineering disciplines. In recent years, artificial intelligence has also been fully developed and innovated in the “art” field. This paper will focus on the research of artificial intelligence in the field of art in the context of convergence media, and hope to provide new ideas and new dimensions for the future of art design.
Study on the Brine Storage Design During the Engine Running in the Climatic Facility
Authors: Hui Zhang , Jingtao Wu , Zhu Cheng
Published: May 2020

The engine will consume a large amount of air in the climatic environment facility when the engine is running in the test. The pressure in the chamber may decrease and the temperature in the chamber will change. In order to ensure the continuity and safety of the climatic test, the jet engine make-up air unit (JMAU) will compensate the cold/heat to guarantee the continuous and effective performance of the engine start-up test. Therefore, we should design the brine storage to ensure the supply of the brine.
Continuous Forming System for Forming 3D Surface Parts and Its Finite Element Model
Authors: Wang Mi , Yang Shuchen , Lu Guolong
Published: May 2020

Continuous forming system (CRS) is a novel technique for manufacturing 3D surface parts. CRF employs two flexible rolls to generate deformation by controlling roll gap between two flexible rolls. Finite element model is set up to investigate the CRF process. The influence of maximum height difference and maximum compression ratio difference in cross-section has been investigated. The accuracy of the longitudinal was demonstrated through numerical simulations. CRF experiments were performed and the results show the shape of the formed part is in good agreement with the shape of the desired part.
Sound Quality Prediction of Vehicle Door Closing Based on Experiment and Boundary Element Method
Authors: Yunkai Gao , Zhe Liu
Published: May 2020

The sound quality of the vehicle door can only be improved after the testing vehicle has been manufactured. In this paper, a simulation model of the door system closing collision is established, and the vehicle test and the bench test are designed. In the vehicle test, according to the design characteristics of the door structure and the situation that the operating load cannot be obtained directly. The impact load on the door are simplified as the concentrated loads when the door is closed. The reference points are arranged near the location of the concentrated loads, and the number is twice of the concentrated loads. The acceleration response at the reference points are measured. In the bench test, the frequency response functions (FRFs) from the concentrated load points to the reference points are measured. Using the inverse matrix method, the value of the concentrated loads are obtained. A boundary element model is established and the concentrated load are applied to the model to collect sound pressure signals at the field point. The results show that the sound pressure values obtained by experiment and simulation are highly consistent. It shows that this method is feasible in predicting the sound quality.
Hybrid Impedance Control of Robot Manipulators based on Generalized Momentum
Authors: Li Kaining , Zhang Xianmin , Huang Yanjiang
Published: May 2020

In the hybrid impedance control strategy, the task space is divided into position control subspace and force control subspace, and the constraint direction in the manipulator task space is controlled by torque-based impedance control, while the free movement direction is controlled by position-based impedance control. The hybrid impedance control has strong force tracking characteristics in the direction of force control and strong flexibility in the direction of position control. In this paper, we use the generalized momentum observer instead of the torque sensor to estimate the torque exerted by the external environment on the robot. Simulation results are shown for a three-link SCARA robot.
Research on Process Reliability of RF Coaxial Cable in Spacecraft Assembly
Authors: Fan Yougao , Zhao Peirong , Liu Guangtong , Liu Shuang
Published: May 2020

This paper is concerned with the process reliability of RF coaxial cable in the spacecraft assembly. By carrying out some process tests, the effects of coaxially of the inner and outer conductors of the RF coaxial cable assembly, the number of cable winding coils, the bending radius of the RF coaxial cable, and the extreme conditions of the assembly on the performance of the RF coaxial cable are studied. According to the test results, a more comprehensive process method and specific process parameters are obtained, thereby further improving the reliability and safety of the RF coaxial cable in the spacecraft assembly.
Experimental Study on Friction Torque of Wet Clutch under Three Kind of Contact Areas
Authors: Xu YAN , Man CHEN , He-yan LI , Bin ZHANG , Xiao-peng ZHANG
Published: May 2020

It is of great significance to study the friction characteristics in the process of slippage and friction of the wet clutch for optimizing vehicle start, improving vehicle driving comfort and prolonging the service life of the clutch. Based on the test data of wet multi-plate clutch under braking condition in SAE#2 test bench friction torque test, we analyze the influence of rotate speed and average pressure on the friction torque through the comparison of friction torque under two friction pairs. The results show that in the case of sufficient lubricating oil flow, the attenuation of multiple pairs of friction plates has nothing to do with the proportion of the groove area of friction plates. Friction torque attenuation will occur under any groove area, but different groove areas will affect the rotate speed and average pressure of this phenomenon. In general, the frictional torque attenuation of wet multi-plate clutch gradually increases with the increase of relative speed and decreases with the increase of average surface pressure.
Iodine Plasmonic Crystal as the Visible-Range Spectral Filter
Authors: Filatov V V , Gorelik V S , Pichkurenko S V
Published: May 2020

We analyse the optical properties of the new hyperbolic metamaterial based on the one-dimensional mesoporous aluminum oxide (Al2O3) photonic crystal film doped by metallic iodine (I2) nanoparticles. The nanocomposite is a metal-dielectric hybrid and combines the classical photonic crystal features (such as photonic bandgaps, light deceleration, negative refraction etc.) with the metallic ones (low-frequency mirroring, plasmons etc.). To get this, we propose to saturate the pores (microcavities) of the periodic aluminum oxide photonic crystal matrix synthesized by the controlled acid etching at its anonization, by the iodine vapor. This way, in the photonic crystal pores, we form the cold plasma of the iodine free electrons, and make the nanocomposite the plasmonic photonic one. Note, that the iodine saturation level defines the plasma frequency which is directly affects the crystal characteristics, so we get them easy-tunable. For example, we offer the two iodine-saturated photonic crystals with various doping level in the pass-and-reflect scheme to spectral filter the optical radiation. At last, we also wish to note that simplicity of the saturation technology makes the iodine plasmonic crystals attractive for the wide commercial usage in the large-scale optic and photonic applications and devices (such as spectral filters, optical amplifiers, high-performance selective mirrors, photonic sensors etc.).
Dispersion of Light in the 1D Photonic Crystal
Authors: Pichkurenko S V
Published: May 2020

We propose a novel, Kurosawa-like model to evaluate the 1D (Bragg stack-like) mesoporous aluminium oxide photonic crystal. To do this, we analyze the internal potential of the photonic crystal superlattice and get it describing the set of the medium’s polar oscillators. Unlike the atomic oscillators for a common crystal, these ones are the abstract ones. This way, the real photonic crystal can be dealt as an abstract oscillators’ ensemble. The result is fully agreed with the thermodynamics, and makes the theory very powerful. To obtain the oscillators parameters, we compare the theory with the secondary emission spectrum of the crystal, and get the natural frequency and the force for each oscillator. This phenomenological approach allow us to calculate photonic crystal’s optical characteristics, such as the dispersion law for the light in the nanostructure, the secondary emission spectrum of the composite, the speed of light in the crystal and the effective mass of the speed quanta. We establish the room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons in crystal at the photonic bandgap edge. The results are important to the solid-state detection of paraphotons.
Investigation on Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in the Mixed Aqueous Solution of MEA and 2-MAE
Authors: Meekoch Thidarat , Maneeintr Kreangkrai
Published: May 2020

Absorption with amine solution is a method to reduce CO2 causing climate change. The commercial amine solution is MEA. The disadvantage of MEA is low CO2-loading capacity. Also, 2-(methylamino)-ethanol or 2-MAE is a new solvent developed to improve absorption performance. The aim of this work is to measure the CO2 solubility in the mixture of MEA and 2-MAE at 15:15 %wt, from 30 °C to 80 °C and CO2 partial pressures ranging from 5 to 100 kPa. From the results, at the same conditions, 30 %wt of MEA has higher absorption capacity than that of 15:15 %wt of MEA:2-MAE and 30 %wt of 2-MAE for 4.51 % and 7.04 %, respectively. For cyclic capacity, 15:15 %wt of MEA:2-MAE has capacity greater than 30 %wt of MEA for 34.10 % but lower than 30 %wt of 2-MAE for 22.78 %. A mixed-amine solution can be applied to reduce the disadvantage of MEA solution.
Glycerin Separation from Biodiesel Transesterification Process by Pulsed Electric Field with Specific Pulse Forming Network
Authors: Hinthao Thanadol , Wongwuttanasatian Tanakorn , Kampeerawat Warayut , Suksri Amnart
Published: May 2020

Biodiesel production process can be rapidly done if the glycerin separation can be removed faster. With the palm oil crisis, biodiesel is needed for faster production to add more value and to solve the oversupply problem. Pulse forming network circuit can generate pulsed electric field (PEF) to speedily separate glycerin from biodiesel production. While the substance is reacting, the electrical impedance value of glycerin is changed, the pulse forming network will keep waveform to be a square wave. Transesterification process using palm oil mixed with methanol with a molar ratio of 1:6 by using 1 wt.% of KOH as a catalyst. The reaction chamber electrode was coaxial cylindrical electrodes with diameter 6 cm and 1 cm. The maximum voltage across the reaction chamber is 500 V with 1, 5 and 10 kHz frequency. Glycerin separation was best achieved when using 5 kHz frequency. The glycerin was obtained at 155 ml in 20 minutes.
Preparation and Storage Energy Density Base on Dielectric Properties of P(VDF-HFP)/PU/BNKT Thin Films
Authors: Jehlaeh K , Salea A , Bomlai P , Putson C
Published: May 2020

Novel electrical devices based on energy storage capacitor and energy conversion, have developed to advanced dielectric properties including electrical performance.In this work, three phases composite of poly(vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) blended with polyurethane (PU) and filled with Bi0.5(Na0.8 -K0.2)0.5TiO3 (BNKT) ceramic was studied on the on the dielectric, electrical properties and a storage energy density. All composite thin films are fabricated by the tape casting method in solution. Polarization-Electrical (P-E) loop of all composite thin films were also investigated relaxor-ferroelectric characteristic with the various electric fields. The recoverable energy density and energy efficiency from the loop were then analysed. As a result, the three phases composite of P(VDF-HFP)/PU/BNKT composites produce the highest dielectric constant as well as conductivity; however, they produce the lowest energy efficiency in this work. It seems that the interfacial polarization is easy switchable dipole moment in three phases more than one phase, resulting in high dielectric constant as well as conductivity. However, the larger conductivity seemly generates larger dielectric loss, resulting in lower energy efficiency. Therefore, the comparison based on three and two phases can be used to predict in capability of electric capacitor devices in the future.
Reconstructing irreducible links in temporal networks: which tool to choose depends on the network size
Authors: Nadini Matthieu , Rizzo Alessandro , Porfiri Maurizio
Published: May 2020

Filtering information in complex networks entails the process of removing interactions explained by a proper null hypothesis and retaining the remaining interactions, which form the backbone network. The reconstructed backbone network depends upon the accuracy and reliability of the available tools, which, in turn, are affected by the specific features of the available dataset. Here, we examine the performance of three approaches for the discovery of backbone networks, in the presence of heterogeneous, time-varying node properties. In addition to the recently proposed evolving activity driven model, we extend two existing approaches (the disparity filter and the temporal fitness model) to tackle time-varying phenomena. Our analysis focuses on the influence of the network size, which was previously shown to be a determining factor for the performance of the evolving activity driven model. Through mathematical and numerical analysis, we propose general guidelines for the use of these three approaches based on the available dataset. For small networks, the evolving temporal fitness model offers a more reasonable trade-off between the number of links assigned to the backbone network and the accuracy of their inference. The main limitation of this methodology lies in its computational cost, which becomes excessively high for large networks. In this case, the evolving activity driven model could be a valid substitute to the evolving temporal fitness model. If one seeks to minimize the number of links inaccurately included in the backbone network at the risk of dismissing many links that could belong to it, then the temporal disparity filter would be the approach-of-choice. Overall, our contribution expands the toolbox of network discovery in the technical literature and should help users in choosing the right network discovery instrument, depending on the problem considered.
Welcome to JPhys Complexity
Authors: Bianconi Ginestra
Published: May 2020

JPhys Complexity is a new open access journal reporting high-quality quantitative research in complexity. Complexity pervades natural and man-made systems including the brain, the climate, society and the economy; and requires a highly interdisciplinary approach at the frontiers between physics, mathematics, computer science, biology, economics and the social sciences. JPhys Complexity will showcase exciting new research in this cutting-edge field and provide a platform for research favouring the exchange of knowledge between different disciplines.
Molecular spectroscopy and adverse optical properties of N-(p-hexyloxy-benzylidene)–p-toluidine (HBT) liquid crystal molecule studied by DFT methodology
Authors: Kumar Narinder , Singh Pawan , Thapa Khem B , Kumar Devesh
Published: May 2020

In present work, we report the N-(p-hexyloxy-benzylidene)–p-toluidine (HBT) liquid crystal (LC) molecule having maximum absorbance due to the O–C stretching (carbon atom of benzene ring) during the intermolecular interaction. Under the expansion of an external electric field, the HBT LC having nematic to smectic phase stability with adverse (negative values) order parameter and birefringence. The refractive index expresses stability in the nematic, smectic, and isotropic phases. The director angle maintains stability for the nematic phase in the adverse order and smectic phase stable in positive order.
An Internet of Things app for monitor unit calculation in superficial and orthovoltage skin therapy
Authors: Pearse Julia , Chow James C L
Published: May 2020

Purpose: We developed an app for Internet of Things (IoT) device such as smartphone or tablet to calculate the monitor unit in superficial and orthovoltage skin therapy. The app can run both on the Windows and Android operation system. Methods: The IoT app was created based on the formula to calculate the monitor unit in skin therapy using kV photon beams. The calculation was based on databases of dose variables such as relative exposure factor and backscatter factor. The calculation also considered the stand-off and stand-in correction according to the inverse-square and inverse-cube law. Verification of the app was carried out by comparing the monitor unit results with those from hand calculations. Results: The frontend window of the app provided a user-friendly interface to the user for inputting prescription dose, beam and treatment setup variables. The user could save the calculation record electronically, generate a printout or send it to other radiation staff using the IoT. Verification of the app showing that deviation between the monitor units calculated by the app and by hand is insignificant. Conclusion: The verified IoT app can effectively calculate the monitor unit in superficial and orthovoltage skin therapy. The app takes advantages of all innate features of IoT such as real time communication, Internet access, data transfer and sharing.
Welcome to IOP SciNotes—a new open access journal for short research outputs across the physical and environmental sciences
Authors: Carter Lauren
Published: May 2020

IOP SciNotes is a peer-reviewed, open access journal from IOP Publishing that enables researchers across the physical and environmental sciences to publish shorter research results (and other related outputs) which may not be suited to the traditional full-length journal article format. Adopting open science practices IOP SciNotes has been designed to provide authors with publication credit for individual stages or units of their research work, allowing anyone to validate, share and discover a wider range of scientific material associated with the research process.
Association Between Male Use of Pain Medication and Fecundability
Authors: Wesselink Amelia K , Bresnick Kathryn A , Hatch Elizabeth E , Rothman Kenneth J , Mikkelsen Ellen M , Wang Tanran R , Huybrechts Krista F , Wise Lauren A
Published: May 2020

Administration of pain relievers has been associated with both lower and higher risks of adverse reproductive outcomes in animals. In the sole investigation of male pain-reliever use and human fertility carried out to date, Smarr et al. (Hum Reprod. 2016;31(9):2119–2127) found a 35% reduction in fecundability among males with urinary acetaminophen concentrations in the highest quartile (>73.5 ng/mL) versus the lowest (<5.4 ng/mL). We analyzed data from 1,956 males participating in Pregnancy Study Online, a preconception cohort study of North American couples enrolled between 2013 and 2019. Males and females completed baseline questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, medication use, and medical history; females completed bimonthly follow-up questionnaires for up to 12 months. We categorized pain medications by active ingredient (ibuprofen, acetaminophen, naproxen, aspirin) and cumulative monthly dose. We used proportional probabilities models to calculate fecundability ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for potential confounders. In the 4 weeks before baseline, 51.7% of males used pain medications. Adjusted fecundability ratios were 1.02 for ibuprofen (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91, 1.13), 0.89 for acetaminophen (95% CI: 0.77, 1.03), 1.07 for naproxen (95% CI: 0.85, 1.35), and 1.05 for aspirin (95% CI: 0.81, 1.35), as compared with nonuse of each medication. In this study, male use of pain medications at low doses was not notably associated with fecundability.
Safety and tolerability of i.v. push piperacillin/tazobactam within an emergency department
Authors: Hays William Blake , Flack Tara
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Piperacillin/tazobactam is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is widely used and commonly administered via the intravenous (i.v.) piggyback route over 0.5 to 4.0 hours. Recommendations for i.v. push (IVP) administration of piperacillin/tazobactam are lacking due to the high osmolality of the solution. The primary objective of this study was to retrospectively assess the safety and tolerability of piperacillin/tazobactam administered peripherally by IVP. Methods. A retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate adverse drug reactions after administration of a single dose of IVP piperacillin/tazobactam through a peripheral line in an emergency department from August 2016 through November 2017.

Results

A total of 1,813 patients received 1 dose of IVP piperacillin/tazobactam during the study timeframe. Three hundred patients were randomly selected for assessment of safety and tolerability. Two hundred ninety-nine patients (99.7%) tolerated IVP piperacillin/tazobactam. One patient had an allergic reaction that included itching and hives. No infusion-related reactions were documented.

Conclusion

IVP administration of piperacillin/tazobactam through a peripheral site is safe and tolerable for adult patients.
Anatomy of the Superior and Inferior Labial Arteries Revised: An Ultrasound Investigation and Implication for Lip Volumization
Authors: Cotofana Sebastian , Alfertshofer Michael , Schenck Thilo L , Bertucci Vince , Beleznay Katie , Ascher Benjamin , Lachmann Nirusha , Green Jeremy B , Swift Arthur , Frank Konstantin
Published: May 2020

Background

Lips are considered a key element of facial attractiveness due to their central position in the face and their elemental role in verbal and nonverbal communication.

Objectives

The authors sought to provide clinically relevant information on the 3-dimensional pathway of the superior and inferior labial arteries within the lips to increase safety during labial soft tissue filler injections.

Methods

The study enrolled 41 healthy volunteers with a mean age of 26.17 ± 9.6 years and a mean body mass index of 23.09 ± 2.3 kg/m2. Ultrasound imaging was performed at 6 different locations. The position of the labial arteries within the lips, depth of the arteries, cranio-caudal location of each artery in relation to the vermilion border, and diameter of the superior/inferior labial arteries were recorded.

Results

The most frequent location of both the superior and inferior labial arteries was the submucosal plane (58.5%) followed by intramuscular (36.2%) and subcutaneous (5.3%) planes. The depth of the superior labial artery in the upper lip was 5.6 ± 0.13 mm, whereas the depth of the inferior labial artery in the lower lip was 5.2 ± 0.14 mm. Both arteries were more frequently located within the red lip: upper lip (83% vs 18.7%) and lower lip (86.2% vs 13.8%). In the midline, the artery coursed within the red lip in all investigated volunteers.

Conclusions

Clinically, results of this study favor a superficial injection plane for lip volumization procedures. A perpendicular approach to the lip (coming from the cutaneous lip) might increase safety because the artery is located most frequently within the red lip.
Neural Correlates of Evidence and Urgency During Human Perceptual Decision-Making in Dynamically Changing Conditions
Authors: Yau Y , Dadar M , Taylor M , Zeighami Y , Fellows L K , Cisek P , Dagher A
Published: May 2020

Current models of decision-making assume that the brain gradually accumulates evidence and drifts toward a threshold that, once crossed, results in a choice selection. These models have been especially successful in primate research; however, transposing them to human fMRI paradigms has proved it to be challenging. Here, we exploit the face-selective visual system and test whether decoded emotional facial features from multivariate fMRI signals during a dynamic perceptual decision-making task are related to the parameters of computational models of decision-making. We show that trial-by-trial variations in the pattern of neural activity in the fusiform gyrus reflect facial emotional information and modulate drift rates during deliberation. We also observed an inverse-urgency signal based in the caudate nucleus that was independent of sensory information but appeared to slow decisions, particularly when information in the task was ambiguous. Taken together, our results characterize how decision parameters from a computational model (i.e., drift rate and urgency signal) are involved in perceptual decision-making and reflected in the activity of the human brain.
Randomized, Ascending Dose, Phase 2 Study of KHK4083, an Anti-OX40 Monoclonal Antibody, in Moderately Active Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Kierkus Jaroslaw , Pesegova Marina , Klopocka Maria , Brankovic Marija , Kasai Noriyuki , Efuni Sergey , Kong Jennifer , Nakajima Yu , Jordan Christina , Matsui Takeshi , Feagan Brian G , Strout Vincent
Published: May 2020

Background

OX40 (CD134) plays a role in the maintenance of late T-cell proliferation and survival. KHK4083 is a monoclonal antibody directed against OX40. We aimed to assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of KHK4083 in patients with moderately active ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods

In this multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 2 study, patients with moderately active UC patients were randomized to ascending doses of intravenous KHK4083 (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg) or placebo every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was safety. The primary efficacy end point was the change from baseline in mean modified Mayo endoscopy subscore at week 12. Treatment with KHK4083 or placebo was continued every 4 weeks for up to 52 weeks in responders.

Results

Long-term treatment with KHK4083 was well tolerated, with treatment-related adverse events being predominantly transient mild-to-moderate infusion-related reactions. Exploratory analysis of biopsy samples showed the virtually complete elimination of OX40+ cells in colon mucosa after 12 weeks of KHK4083 treatment. There were no significant differences between any of the randomized KHK4083 dose groups and placebo for the mean change in Mayo endoscopy subscore from baseline to week 12.

Conclusions

KHK4083 can be safely administered intravenously at doses up to 10 mg/kg every 2 or 4 weeks for up to 52 weeks. Proof of pharmacodynamic action was confirmed by depletion of the elevated levels of the OX40+ cells associated with UC at all tested doses. Clinical response and mucosal healing (endoscopic improvement) in this population was not correlated with ablation of OX40+ T cells.
Foci and Forms of Problematic Integration in the Context of Infertility
Authors: Kosenko Kami A
Published: May 2020

Individuals struggling to conceive or maintain a pregnancy experience considerable stress; however, little is known about its sources. An analysis of 160 infertility narratives, guided by problematic integration (PI) theory, revealed three forms and eight foci of PI or sources of stress specific to the infertility experience. Participant accounts of diverging expectations and desires regarding pregnancy testing and prenatal loss, ambivalence about finances and treatment decisions, and uncertainty about the causes of their infertility and the likelihood of treatment success fit nicely within the PI framework; however, the narrators’ descriptions of relational uncertainty and the various uncertainties involved in adoption did not fit as well, suggesting the need for further theoretical development and refinement.
Clinical outcomes following real-world computed tomography angiography-derived fractional flow reserve testing in chronic coronary syndrome patients with calcification
Authors: Nørgaard Bjarne L , Mortensen Martin B , Parner Erik , Leipsic Jonathon , Steffensen Flemming H , Grove Erik Lerkevang , Mathiassen Ole N , Sand Niels Peter , Pedersen Kamilla , Riedl Katharina A , Engholm Morten , Bøtker Hans Erik , Jensen Jesper M
Published: May 2020

Aims 

This study sought to investigate outcomes following a normal CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) result in patients with moderate stenosis and coronary artery calcification, and to describe the relationship between the extent of calcification, stenosis, and FFRCT.

Methods and results

Data from 975 consecutive patients suspected of chronic coronary syndrome with stenosis (30–70%) determined by computed CT angiography and FFRCT to guide downstream management decisions were reviewed. Median (range) follow-up time was 2.2 (0.5–4.2) years. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores were ≥400 in 25%, stenosis ≥50% in 83%, and FFRCT >0.80 in 51% of the patients. There was a lower incidence of the composite endpoint (death, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, and unplanned coronary revascularization) at 4.2 years in patients with any CAC and FFRCT > 0.80 vs. FFRCT ≤ 0.80 (3.9% and 8.7%, P = 0.04), however, in patients with CAC scores ≥400 the risk difference between groups did not reach statistical significance, 4.2% vs. 9.7% (P = 0.24). A negative relationship between CAC scores and FFRCT irrespective of stenosis severity was demonstrated.

Conclusion

FFRCT shows promise in identifying patients with stenosis and calcification who can be managed without further downstream testing. Moreover, an inverse relationship between CAC levels and FFRCT was demonstrated. Studies are needed to further assess the clinical utility of FFRCT in patients with extensive coronary calcification.
Trends of 5-Aminosalicylate Medication Use in Patients With Crohn Disease
Authors: Noureldin Mohamed , Cohen-Mekelburg Shirley , Mahmood Asadullah , Stidham Ryan , Higgins Peter D R , Govani Shail , Deshpande Amar R , Waljee Akbar K
Published: May 2020

Background

5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) medications have a long history of use for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and continue to be widely prescribed today. The effectiveness of 5-ASAs in ulcerative colitis is clear; however, studies have shown little benefit for induction or maintenance treatment of Crohn disease (CD). We aimed to quantify usage and examine trends in 5-ASA prescription rates in patients with CD.

Methods

Using a retrospective design, we queried a national database of commercially insured patients (Truven-Health databases) between 2009 and 2014 to identify patients with CD aged 18 to 65 years. Prescription rates for 5-ASA medications including sulfasalazine, mesalamine, olsalazine, and balsalazide were calculated for each calendar year. Regression models were used to examine year-to-year trends in prescription rates and identify patient factors associated with 5-ASA use.

Results

We identified 132,804 patients with CD, of whom 37.3% (n = 49,529) received a 5-ASA prescription during the study period. From 2009 to 2014, the overall prescription rates of 5-ASAs declined from 42.9% to 30.0% (P < 0.001). Patient factors independently associated with 5-ASA use included younger age, male sex, multimorbidity, and a health maintenance organization insurance plan, while controlling for the region of residence.

Conclusions

About 1 in 3 privately insured patients with CD received 5-ASA prescriptions despite their questionable effectiveness; however, in an encouraging trend, prescription rates significantly decreased from 2009 to 2014. This high prescription rate may reflect a gap in providers’ knowledge regarding the available evidence—an opportunity for cost savings with improved health care delivery.
Sex Differences in Demand for Highly Palatable Foods: Role of the Orexin System
Authors: Freeman Linnea R , Bentzley Brandon S , James Morgan H , Aston-Jones Gary
Published: May 2020

Background

The prevalence of eating disorders, including binge eating disorder, is significantly higher in women. These findings are mirrored by preclinical studies, which indicate that female rats have a higher preference for palatable food and show greater binge-like eating compared with male rats.

Methods

Here, we describe a novel within-session behavioral-economic paradigm that allows for the simultaneous measurement of the intake at null cost (Q0) and normalized demand elasticity (α) of 3 types of palatable food (low fat, high fat, and chocolate sucrose pellets) via demand curve analysis. In light of evidence that the orexin (hypocretin) system is critically involved in reward and feeding behaviors, we also examined the role of orexin function in sex differences of economic demand for palatable foods.

Results

The novel within-session behavioral-economic approach revealed that female rats have higher intake (demand) than males for all palatable foods at low cost (normalized to body weight) but no difference in intake at higher prices, indicating sex-dependent differences in the hedonic, but not motivational, aspects of palatable food. Immediately following behavioral-economic testing, we observed more orexin-expressing neurons and Fos expression (measure of recent neural activation) in these neurons in female rats compared with male rats. Moreover, the orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB334867 reduced both low- and high-cost intake for palatable food in both male and female rats.

Conclusions

These findings provide evidence of higher demand at low prices for palatable food in females and indicate that these behavioral differences may be associated with sexual dimorphism in orexin system function.
Antibacterial efficacy of R-type pyocins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa on biofilms and in a murine model of acute lung infection
Authors: Redero Mar , Aznar Javier , Prieto Ana I
Published: May 2020

Background

The appearance of MDR strains and the development of biofilms make Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections a therapeutic challenge. To overcome this scenario, bacteriocins have been proposed as a potential adjuvant or alternative to antibiotic treatment.

Objectives

To study the activity of R-pyocins on biofilms and in a murine model of pneumonia using a high-risk clone of P. aeruginosa.

Methods

The activity of R-pyocins on P. aeruginosa biofilms was tested on bacteria attached to a silicone surface, before and after biofilm formation. The effectiveness of R1-pyocin was studied in a murine model of pneumonia using ST175, a high-risk clone of P. aeruginosa.

Results

R-pyocins attacked adherent bacteria, preventing biofilm formation, and penetrated into the biofilm, killing P. aeruginosa within it, resulting in a dramatic reduction in bacterial load. R1-pyocin was active in a murine model of P. aeruginosa lung infection, administered before infection as a preventive treatment, and in acute pneumonia, with efficiency higher than standard colistin treatment. In addition, this work is the first to describe histopathological lung changes after administration of R-pyocins, contributing to the resolution of P. aeruginosa pneumonia in a murine model.

Conclusions

This work highlights the potential use of the R-pyocins as therapeutic agents, alone or as adjuvants, due to its effectiveness on biofilms and in a murine model of pneumonia using ST175, a high-risk clone of P. aeruginosa. It may thus be feasible to consider R-pyocins as a possible therapeutic alternative in XDR infections, where treatment alternatives are limited.