bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Sublaminar Mersilene tape Augmented Pedicle Screws Fixation for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture: Low-cost Modality
Authors: Kakadiya Ghanshyam , Chaudhary Kshitij
Published: October 2022

Background: Gradually kyphosis and collapse are a natural history of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). The principle of OVCF is fixing instability, providing anterior support, and decompression. The osteoporotic spine has weak and rarified trabeculae in the cancellous bone and pedicles, which offers little resistance against screw pull-out. The sublaminar implant relies on the lamina for holds that is the strongest part of vertebrae. The study purpose was to assess the safety and efficacy of sublaminar mersilene tape augmented pedicle screws fixation as a novel and low-cost modality for OVCFs instrumentation fixation.
Methods: A retrospective study of 40 consecutive patients of the OVCFs. All patients were operated with open decompression, pedicle screw fixation, and sublaminar mersilene tape augmentation. Preoperative and postoperative clinical (visual analog scale [VAS], modified Oswestry disability index [M-ODI], neurologic deficit, revision surgeries, and infection) and radiological (axial collapse, fracture union, implant failure/back out,) parameters were compared to describe the utility of sublaminar mersilene tape augmented pedicle screws for OVCFs treatment.
Results: Compete neurological improvement was noted in 38 patients and two patients had Frankel Garde D neurology. The mean VAS was significantly improved from preoperative 8.98±0.60 to 2.76±0.54, final follow-up and M-ODI from 80.10±6.90 to 15.30±6.90. The mean local kyphosis angle was improved from 23.20°±5.90° preoperative to 5.30°±3.9°postoperatively and 3.30°± 2.50°loss of correction at final follow-up. There was no pseudoarthrosis and implant failure noted. No iatrogenic dural or nerve injury.
Conclusion: Sublaminar mersilene tape augmentation relies on the lamina for its hold, which is the strongest part of an osteoporotic vertebra. Sublaminar mersilene tape augmented pedicle screws fixation is a novel and low-cost modality for OVCFs. It provides significant improvement in clinical and radiological outcomes. This technique is an easy learning curve, user-friendly and safe, which makes this a viable alternative option for OVCFs fixation.
Geometric Programming Approximation to Dynamic Programming
Authors: Amuji Harrison O. , Igboanusi Chinemerem , Onukwube Obioma G.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we have developed a geometric programming approximation to dynamic programming. The method has additional advantages of providing the cost involved in decision making and also eliminates the course of dimensionality which restricted the application of dynamic programming to small problems. We also obtained the optimal dual decision variables. We stated two lemmas, and through them, we proved that the optimal allocation policy is the same as the optimal primal decision variables and that the sum of cost matrix in Dynamic programming is the same as the cost coefficient in Geometric programming. We applied the method on a problem and obtained the optimal cost for decision making to be ₦97.30 and optimal decision policy to be (0.1, 0.2, 1, 3). This policy means that lecturers should combine to teach courses in year two and year three but each lecturer handles one course in year four and three courses in year five.
Inferring the fractional nature of Wu Baleanu trajectories
Authors: Conejero J. Alberto , Garibo-i-Orts Oscar , Lizama Carlos
Published: October 2022

We infer the parameters of fractional discrete Wu-Baleanu time series by using machine learning architectures based on recurrent neural networks. Our results shed light on how clearly one can determine that a given trajectory comes from a specific fractional discrete dynamical system by estimating the fractional exponent and the scaling factor.
The level of Kuwaiti society's commitment to Health protective behavior and its relationship to Somatic Symptoms and some variables
Authors: Haggag Abdelmotaleb Abdelkader
Published: October 2022

The extent of adherence to preventive health behavior varies from one individual to another, from one race to another, and from one society to another as a result of many cultural, social, psychological, demographic and environmental factors. Therefore, when study adherence to preventive health behavior, it is necessary to pay attention to the cultural context, differences between societies, and individual differences. This research aimed to know the level of Kuwaiti society's commitment to health protective behavior that includes: interpersonal support, general behavior, self- knowledge, nutrition behavior, health care and to determine the extent of prevalence of somatic symptoms among Kuwaiti society. Is there the correlation between the level of Kuwaiti society's commitment to health protective behavior and somatic symptoms? Is there an effect of some variables that include: (age, gender, nationality, education level, marital status, economic level, health status, obesity) on health protective behavior and somatic symptoms? An Internet-based cross-sectional study was conducted where the participants from different categories in Kuwaiti society were targeted using total population sampling. 700 participants from Kuwaiti society were recruited, between September4 and October 28, 2022. Participants completed two self-reported scales. The scales included the Somatic Symptom Scale–8 (SSS-8) and the Health Protective Behavior Scale (HPBS). The results reveal that there is low level of Kuwaiti society's commitment to health protective behavior. There is moderate level of Kuwaiti society's commitment to nutrition behavior, health care and interpersonal support. There is low level of the somatic symptoms among participants. The most common somatic symptoms among the participants were feeling a headache, insomnia and sleep problems and feeling tired or lacking in energy. There was a negative correlation between somatic symptoms and the total score of health protective behavior scale (HPBS) and the following dimensions: interpersonal support, general behavior, nutrition behavior, health care. The groups most committed to preventive health behavior were: high -income people, Non-obese people, participants who aged 25-40 years, Females, Separated/divorced, Non-Kuwaiti, Participants with primary, intermediate and secondary qualifications. The groups most at risk of physical symptoms were: obese people, Patients with chronic diseases, residents, females.
Study on Bond Behaviour of Corroded Reinfoced Concrete Beam – Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Lakshmi Aishwarya , Pandit Poornachandra , Bhagwat Yamuna , Nayak Gopinath , Shetty Amogh
Published: October 2022

Present work contains a 3-D Finite Element model created in Abaqus to examine bond behavior in controlled/non-corroded Reinforced Concrete beams. Study evaluated the compatibility between corrosion levels and beam deflections. Cohesive surface-based interaction method is applied to the Data obtained from recent studies in which corrosion was induced by accelerated corrosion technique. The cohesive surface-based interaction approach has been found to be suitable for simulating the interfacial binding between reinforcement bars and the concrete. Analysis of Control and corroded beams along with mesh sensitivity are used for the validation of the work. Study demonstrated that experimental and analytical research are in good agreement with considered level of corrosion and corresponding deflections. The modelling outcomes can be used to validate the bond behaviour of Reinforced concrete cantilever beams without considering the influence of stirrups.
Interventions for expectant and new parents who are at increased risk for perpetrating child abuse and neglect: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tamon Hiroki , Suto Maiko , Ogawa Kunio , Takehara Kenji , Tachibana Yoshiyuki
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
The prevention of child abuse and neglect is an urgent matter given the serious effects persisting into adulthood, and the increased risk of the offspring of abused children being abusive themselves. Intervening as early as possible may prevent abuse that can begin in infancy. Although several systematic reviews have investigated the effects of interventions on populations who are at increased risk for perpetrating child abuse and neglect, few studies have focused on women or interventions that start during perinatal periods. This study aims to describe a systematic review to examine the effects of interventions to prevent child abuse and neglect that begin during pregnancy and immediately after childbirth (less than one year). The study will involve performing a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the latest research articles and a broader literature search.
Methods and analysis:
The protocol was prepared using the 2015 statement of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. The review will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The literature search will be performed using the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from inception onward. Randomized controlled trials of interventions that begin during pregnancy or the first year postpartum, designed to prevent child abuse and neglect in families who are at increased risk for these issues, will be included. Data collection, quality assessment, and statistical syntheses will be conducted by following the methods in the protocol that are predefined. Any index of child maltreatment will be included as a primary outcome. A meta-analysis and sub-group analyses will be considered based on the characteristics of interventions.
Ethics and dissemination:
This study does not require ethical approval. The findings will be presented at conferences and will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.
Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021266462

Strengths and limitations of this study
- This study will systematically review and analyze evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent child abuse and neglect among pregnant and postpartum women.
- This study will investigate a broader range of electronic bibliographic databases, including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CENTRAL, using a systematic search strategy.
- The study will be based on the latest articles, and the publication period will not be limited.
- As we will only include peer-reviewed articles written in English, a publication bias may occur that excludes related research published in other languages and gray literature.
- We will only access limited databases, and furthermore, using different methods to assess child abuse and neglect may cause heterogeneity among studies.
Evaluation of volemic status during combined extracorporeal detoxification in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Masolitin S. V. , Protsenko Denis N. , Tyurin I. N. , Mamontova O. A. , Magomedov M. A. , Kim T. G. , Grishina L. A. , Yaralyan A. V. , Popov A. Y. , Kalinin E. Y.
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: The morbidity and mortality of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) remains high. Intensive therapy aimed at stopping hypovolemia, systemic endotoxicosis is a debatable problem. OBJECTIVE: Improving treatment results in patients with SAP by assessing the dynamics of volumetric criteria and the degree of fluid therapy (FT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 25 patients. First, study group of 9 patient, used standard therapy in conjunction with selective hemoperfusion and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration. Second, control group of 16 patients, who received standard intensive care. FT in the groups was 2.5–3.5 ml/kg/h. Volemic parameters were measured by transpulmonary thermodilution. The central venous pressure and the diameter of the vena cava inferior were assessed. Comparative analysis was performed between two groups. RESULTS: FT in the amount of 58.7 (52.4–59.4) ml/kg/day in group 1, and 58.3 (54.2–61.4) ml/kg/day in group 2 in the first day, up to 83.9 (72.4–86.1) and 79.3 (72.4–84.1) ml/kg/day, was observed by day 3 (p < 0.05), according to the results of transpulmonary thermodilution. From the 1st to the 3rd day, Global end-diastolic volume index increased from 345 (328–412) to 648 (590–690) ml/m2 in group 1, and from 375 (348–413) to 654 (599–701) ml/m2 in group 2 (p < 0.05). Intrathoracic blood volume index increased from 440 (420–510) to 780 (750–40) ml/m2 in group 1 and 430 (417.5–465) to 750 (665–780) ml/m2 in group 2 (p < 0.05). Extravascular lung water index and pulmonary vascular permeability index by 5 days in group 2 increased by 1.8 — 11 (10.5–11.8) and 2.2 times — 6.5 (5.75–7), respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: FT 3.5 ml/kg/h, reaches isovolemia by the 3rd day of therapy. The use of extracorporeal detoxification methods in complex therapy is accompanied by an improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters.
Effect of anesthesia on hemodynamics in correction of anorectal abnormalities in children: a randomized study
Authors: Aleksandrovich Yu. S. , Alimkhanova G. N. , Pshenisnov Konstantin V. , Akimenko T. I. , Razumov S. A.
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: Anorectal anomalies are one of the most common congenital malformations in children that require corrective surgical interventions. OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of anesthesia on the hemodynamic indices in the correction of anorectal anomalies in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective single-center randomized study. Sixty children were examined, all underwent posterior sagittal anorectoplasty according to Penya. Children were divided into two groups: group 1 — combined anesthesia (n = 30), group 2 — general with regional anesthesia (n = 30). The study included five stages: Stage I — one day before surgery; Stage II — after induction of anesthesia; Stage III — bowel reduction; Stage IV — awakening; Stage V — one day after surgery. Heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), ejection fraction (EF) and stroke volume (SV) were assessed during the study. RESULTS: It was revealed that at the stage of bowel movement in children where concomitant anesthesia was used, there was a more pronounced decrease of HR (120 vs 106; p < 0.001). Similar changes were characteristic of diastolic BP (48 vs 42; p < 0.001). Mean BP was also significantly lower in the concomitant anesthesia group, and this was statistically significant in both stages III and IV (59.3 vs 54.7, p < 0.001; 61.5 vs 57.0, p < 0.001). In the group where combined anesthesia was used, a decrease in stroke volume was noted at the awakening stage, which was statistically significant compared to the I–III stages. The maximum ejection fraction indices were observed at the stage of bowel lowering against the background of combined anesthesia, which was statistically significant compared to other stages of the study CONCLUSIONS: At the stage of bowel reduction using concomitant anesthesia there was a significant statistically significant decrease of HR and systemic BP which was most probably due to the powerful sympatholytic effect of local anesthetics.
Prognosis of adenosine triphosphate infusion for anticonvulsants efficacy in patients with intensive cancer pain: a prospective observational study
Authors: Karelov Aleksei E. , Ryazankina A. A. , Semkichev V. A.
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: Pain is a common symptom in cancer patients even when analgesics were given. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic value of intravenous infusion of non-selective purine receptors agonist adenosine triphosphate for effectiveness of anticonvulsant gabapentin in cancer patients with moderate and severe pain who received non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase plus weak opioid tramadol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four cancer patients with intensive pain were scheduled for the study. The intravenous infusion of adenosine triphosphate 35–45 mg∙kg–1∙min–1 was performed within the period from 100 to 160 minutes. Then all patients were taken gabapentin (900 mg in three times daily). Pain was estimated 30 minutes before infusion, 30 minutes after infusion, and after taking 900 mg/day gabapentin for 4 days. Moreover, we studied prognostic significance of adenosine triphosphate infusion for the effectiveness of gabapentin administration. RESULTS: We revealed significant reduction of pain intensity after adenosine triphosphate infusion (Z = 4.0; р < 0.0001 — Wilcoxon signed rank test). The same result was obtained after taking of gabapentin for 4 days (Z = 4.9; р < 0.0001 — Wilcoxon signed rank test). Moreover, we found statistically moderate correlation link (t(N – 2) = 3.94; closeness correlation = 0.57; р < 0.0004 — Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient) between pain intensity value after adenosine triphosphate infusion and taking of gabapentin. Regression analysis demonstrated satisfactory predictive ability of the resulting model (R2 = 0.55 (corrected R2 = 0.53); F = 38.74; р < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: 1. Intravenous infusion of adenosine triphosphate may has significance for prognosis of taking anticonvulsant gabapentin effectiveness in cancer patients with moderate and severe pain who received non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor plus weak opioid tramadol. 2. Intravenous infusion of adenosine triphosphate or taking anticonvulsant gabapentin may significantly reduce pain intensity in cancer patients who had weak effect of administration of non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase plus weak opioid tramadol.
Perioperative management of patients with respiratory failure: methodological recommendations of the All-Russian public organization “Federation of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists”
Authors: Zabolotskikh Igor B. , Gritsan A. I. , Kirov M. Yu. , Kuzovlev A. N. , Lebedinskii K. M. , Mazurok V. A. , Protsenko D. N. , Trembach N. V. , Shadrin R. V. , Yaroshetskiy A. I.
Published: October 2022

Perioperative respiratory complications are one of the main problems in anesthesiology and intensive care, in some areas of surgery they occupy the first place in the structure of all complications of the perioperative period. Initial respiratory failure, as well as the presence of disorders of respiratory functions increase the risk of its development, often leading to an unfavorable outcome of the disease. The recommendations on perioperative management of patients with respiratory failure include modern standards of preoperative assessment of risk factors for respiratory insufficiency, prevention and treatment of perioperative respiratory disorders in Russian Federation. The recommendations describe the principles of diagnosis of respiratory failure, the choice of anesthesia in concomitant lung diseases, the basics of protective ventilation and prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications.
Reconstructing partonic kinematics at colliders with machine learning
Authors: Rentería David , Hernández-Pinto Roger J. , Sborlini German , Zurita Pia
Published: October 2022

In the context of high-energy physics, a reliable description of the
parton-level kinematics plays a crucial role for understanding the
internal structure of hadrons and improving the precision of the
calculations. In proton-proton collisions, this represents a challenging
task since extracting such information from experimental data is not
straightforward. With this in mind, we propose to tackle this problem by
studying the production of one hadron and a direct photon in
proton-proton collisions, including up to Next-to-Leading Order Quantum
Chromodynamics and Leading-Order Quantum Electrodynamics corrections.
Using Monte-Carlo integration, we simulate the collisions and analyze
the events to determine the correlations among measurable and partonic
quantities. Then, we use these results to feed three different Machine
Learning algorithms that allow us to find the momentum fractions of the
partons involved in the process, in terms of suitable combinations of
the final state momenta. Our results are compatible with previous
findings and suggest a powerful application of Machine-Learning to model
high-energy collisions at the partonic-level with high-precision.
The Interaction Effects of Age and Body Size on Body Appreciation and Health-Related Behaviors
Authors: Lee Minsun , Lee Hyun-Hwa
Published: October 2022

Whilst the associations among age, body size, body (dis)satisfaction, and weight management behavior have been well documented, there is little research on how the combination of age and body size is related to body appreciation and health-related behavioral intentions. The purpose of this study is to identify the associations of age, body size, and their interactions with body appreciation and health-related behavioral intentions among Korean women. A cross-sectional research design was adopted with a convenience sampling method. Using an online survey questionnaire, complete data on body appreciation, health-related behavioral intentions, body size, height, weight, and age were collected from 531 Korean adult women aged 20-77 years. Using average scores for each variable, a series of hierarchical regression analyses were performed to identify the relative contributions of predictor variables on each criterion variable. The significant interaction terms were further examined using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Overall, older Korean women were found to be more likely to have a positive body image and lower levels of behavioral intentions towards striving for a healthy body than younger women. This study confirmed the relative contribution of subjective body size in explaining women’s body-related perceptions and behaviors, as compared to their actual BMI.
Validación de una escala de acoso escolar en adolescentes peruanos y diferencias según género
Authors: Zeladita-Huaman Jhon Alex , Zegarra-Chapoñán Roberto , Cuba-Sancho Juana Matilde , Castillo-Parra Henry , Chero-Pacheco Victor Humberto , Morán-Paredes Gladys Ivonne
Published: October 2022

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIPQ) en adolescentes peruanos y determinar sus diferencias según el género. La muestra estuvo conformada por 532 escolares de sexto grado de Primaria a tercer grado de Secundaria. Para la validez del contenido, se realizó el juicio de expertos y una prueba piloto. Posteriormente, se realizó el análisis factorial exploratorio, el cual mostró que todas las preguntas fueron cargadas en forma correcta en los dos componentes, lo que explica el 48,6 % de varianza. La confiabilidad se estableció mediante el método de consistencia interna, a través del Alfa de Cronbach (αtotal = 0,856; αvictimización = 0,807; αagresión = 0,828). Se encontraron diferencias en el rol de acoso escolar según el género (p<0,001). En conclusión, la estructura factorial del EBIPQ en adolescentes peruanos es similar al cuestionario original y presenta elevada confiabilidad y validez de constructo.
Perfil psicopatológico y de personalidad en dolor crónico no oncológico nociceptivo y neuropático: Estudio transversal comparativo
Authors: Teixidó-Abiol Laura , Arriba-Arnau Aida , Seguí Montesinos Juan , Herradón Gil-Gallardo Gonzalo , Sánchez-López María José , De Sanctis Briggs Vicente
Published: October 2022

Introducción: La adaptación al dolor crónico no oncológico se asocia al desarrollo de psicopatología y afectaciones de la personalidad, generando severidad, cronicidad, menor respuesta al tratamiento y agravándose ante la neuropatía. Objetivo: Identificar perfiles psicopatológicos y de personalidad en pacientes con dolor crónico nociceptivo y neuropático, y su relación con la evolución e intensidad del dolor. Método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y comparativo, realizado en la Unidad de Tratamiento del Dolor del Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, con reclutamiento aleatorio sistemático durante 25 meses; 115 pacientes fueron evaluados mediante la Escala de Hamilton para la Depresión y Ansiedad (HAM-D, HAM-A) y el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon III (MCMI-III). Resultados: El grupo neuropático obtuvo puntuaciones significativamente mayores en intensidad del dolor, sintomatología depresiva y ansiosa. Con más magnitud y frecuencia, relacionó la intensidad y evolución del dolor con sintomatología depresiva, ansiosa, síndromes clínicos y patrones de la personalidad. Ambos grupos revelaron tendencia al patrón de personalidad compulsiva, seguido del narcisista, histriónico y esquizoide. Conclusiones: En el tratamiento del dolor crónico, la presencia de distintos indicadores psicopatológicos requiere una estrategia individualizada.
Palm oil basic steps to process this oil
Authors:   DESMET BALLESTRA LATIN AMERICA SA DE CV, Urizar Anibal
Published: October 2022

Palm oil is the edible oil that is most produced worldwide, being led by Indonesia and followed by Malaysia.Crude palm oil is rich in minority components that give it unique nutritional properties, the most important are tocopherols, tocotrienols and carotenoids; it typically has a low content of phospholipids and metals, but a high content of free fatty acids, in a range between 3 and 6%, having values close to 8% in rainy seasons, when the fruits overripe, increasing this value. Although palm oil typically has low metal content, it is important to pay attention to the Fe and Cu content.The deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI) is a good indicator to assess the quality of crude palm oil and will give us an idea of how easy or difficult it will be to refine it.Other important aspects regarding the quality of crude palm oil that also must be considered and affect the refining process are mistreatment while handling the fruit, storage, transportation, etc.Palm oil is generally refined by the physical process, which is preferred over the chemical process.Physical refining is a process in which phospholipids and metals (Fe and Cu) are attacked in two ways: the first, the most popular, is dry pretreatment with acid followed by bleaching step using neutral or acid bleaching earths; the second way is the wet pretreatment adding the acid and separating the chelates by centrifugation with wash water.The subsequent process is deodorization or physical refining in which the fatty acids and color compounds are separated from the oil, under controlled temperature and vacuum conditions.This presentation wants to show you how these processes are carried out with industrial data and how this oil goes from crude grade to food grade, complying with the necessary quality standards.
Effect of ultrasound disruption on lipid extraction from Nannochloropsis sp.
Authors:   KU Leuven, Mienis Esther , Foubert Imogen ,   KU Leuven
Published: October 2022

Photoautotrophic microalgae are a novel source of biomass rich in lipids containing nutritionally interesting n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). However, microalgae incorporated into foods as whole biomass may lead to limited n-3 LC-PUFA uptake by the human body. Incorporation of microalgal oil instead of whole biomass is an interesting alternative. The extraction efficiency of these lipids can be enhanced by adding a cell disruption step during lipid extraction. Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) to enhance lipid recovery from microalgae has been covered in recent literature. UAE is used to speed up lipid extraction for analytical purposes or for industrially applicable lipid extraction of microalgae. In addition, the ultrasonication and lipid extraction by organic solvents of microalgal biomass has been performed in different set-ups: simultaneous ultrasonication and lipid extraction or ultrasonication and subsequent lipid extraction, ultrasonication of wet biomass or dry biomass. Often, no reference method is included to which the lipid extraction efficiency using UAE is compared and the total lipid content of the biomass is not always specified making it impossible to calculate the extraction efficiency. Therefore, the effectiveness of this cell disruption technique for industrial microalgae processing has not consistently been proven in literature. This study investigates the effect of UAE of Nannochloropsis sp. biomass on the lipid extraction efficiency and the lipid quality, expressed as free fatty acid content and peroxide value. The effect of UAE on wet and dry biomass in the absence or presence of organic solvents is compared. The effect of the solvent system, ultrasonication power and ultrasonication time is studied.The results show that the lipid extraction efficiency increases after UAE. The presence of some solvent systems leads to higher lipid extraction efficiency when UAE is performed on dry biomass compared to wet biomass while for other solvent systems, this is reversed.
Oilseeds, innovation and the 4th agricultural revolution: USAID's perspective
Authors:   U.S. Agency for International Development, Michener Michael
Published: October 2022

USAID has been shaping innovations in agriculture and advancing development in agribusiness and rural communities since its inception in 1961 (USAID, 2013, 2019). In 1968, USAID Administrator William Gaud announced a €œgreen revolution€ with the inception of high yield varieties, driven by Norman Borlaug's research with wheat, inputs and better policies in the developing world. Today, we are at the forefront of a fourth agricultural €œrevolution€ to support a growing population with new knowledge and digital innovations. USAID supports research to enhance agriculture with better seeds, capacity building and technology transfers affecting the value chain, from smallholder farmers through to processors. The USAID Feed the Future Innovation Labs draw on top U.S. universities and research institutions to overcome the world's greatest challenges in food security. As an example, oilseeds are playing an important role in the 4th agricultural revolution; the global oilseed market expanded over 220% in the short 20 years from 1990-2010. Soybean and palm oil production increased 300% in the same period (Byerlee, 2017). Oilseeds can make significant contributions to enhance livelihoods and food security, however Africa makes up less than 1% of global soybean production and holds 24% of palm cultivated land area (Goldsmith, 2019, Ordway, 2019). Africa has the highest rate of stunting in the world at 33% for children under 5 (UNICEF, 2018). Nutrient dense crops like soybean have the potential to alleviate malnutrition, particularly when processed at scale. Unlike the green revolution of the late 1960's however, USAID supports initiatives that alleviate the dynamic tension between environmental concerns, smallholder livelihoods and food security. This new agricultural revolution will be "greener" because it synthesizes criticisms of intensive industrial agriculture while applying past lessons learned. We must work together, as one team of development and industry professionals, to sustain the planet and all of its people.
Impact of plasma-activated water treatment on physicochemical and functional properties of Bambara globulin
Authors:   Durban University of Technology, South Africa, Alabi Opeyemi , AMONSOU Eric ,   Durban University of Technology, South Africa, Annor George ,   University of Minnesota
Published: October 2022

The functional application of plant proteins as food ingredients can be improved by altering their composition and structure. In this study, the impact of plasma-activated water (PAW) on the structure composition and functionality of Bambara groundnut globulin was investigated. Bambara globulin was treated with PAW (pH 3.4 and conductivity of 200 mV) at 4 degrees C overnight. This was then analyzed by SDS-PAGE, amino acid profiling, hydrophobicity, zeta potential, FTIR, and intrinsic fluorescence emission in comparison with the untreated globulin. Functional properties analyses included solubility, emulsifying, and foaming to define its potential application in the food system. Plasma treatment resulted in the loss of helical structure and an over 3-folds increase in beta-turns. Amino acid data showed a 20% reduction in glutamic acid after treatment. PAW treated Bambara globulin showed a slight redshift in fluorescence intensity suggesting an unfolding of the protein structure, which also correlated with the observed increased hydrophobicity. Crosslinking was not evident in the gel electrophoresis and no major change in protein surface charge and solubility profiles. Average oil droplet sizes were increased with increasing protein concentrations from 10-20 mg/ml, suggesting that Bambara globulin had reduced emulsifying capacity after treatment with PAW. However, foaming capacities were significantly better and stable at up to 15 mg protein/mL. PAW modification could be a promising strategy for the enhancement of the foaming properties of plant proteins.
Optimization of palm oil deodorization process conditions by RSM
Authors:   Besler Gida Ve Kimya San Ve Tic AS, Basaran Fatma Nevin , Karahan Ali Yasin ,   Besler Gida Ve Kimya San Ve Tic AS, Altuner Ferda ,   Besler Gida Ve Kimya San Ve Tic AS, Kamilçelebi Muzaffer ,   Besler Gida Ve Kimya San Ve Tic AS, Kan Ã–mer Faruk ,   Besler Gida Ve Kimya San Ve Tic AS, Erdemir Onur ,   Besler Gida Ve Kimya San Ve Tic AS, Özdikicierler Onur ,   Besler Gida Ve Kimya San Ve Tic AS
Published: October 2022

Deodorization is a very critical process in edible oil refining since it is the last step before obtaining refined oil. While it was a simple process for the industry to remove undesirable odor compounds in the beginning, it has become more and more crucial. Nowadays, a proper deodorization process is also used to remove free fatty acids (FFA), color and some contaminants such as PAH, 3-MCPD, pesticides. The principle behind deodorization is passing a stripping agent, usually steam, through a hot oil for a specified time under vacuum conditions. These parameters should be optimized thoroughly to obtain an oil with improved freshness and sensory properties along with less contaminant.In this study, optimum deodorization conditions of bleached palm oil, which may contain or form higher amounts of FFA and 3-MCPD/GE intrinsically compared to other vegetable oils, were determined by keeping steam amount constant. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied using three variables such as deodorization temperature, time and pressure. Deodorization trials were carried out according to the determined RSM experimental design at the Multipurpose Pilot Plant in Besler R&D Center. The analyses of oxidative stability (Rancimat), moisture, Anisidine value (AV), free fatty acids (FFA), Lovibond colour (red), 3-MCPD, Glycidyl esters (GE), and fatty acid compositions were perfomed according to the official methods. Trans isomerization was observed through cis C18:2/C16:0 ratio.Significant factors were determined by performed ANOVA on each model. Consequently, with these significant factors, optimum deodorization condition of palm oil was obtained with 0.87 desirability. The optimization was also verified with several validation runs at the optimum point.
Sustainability and oil palm practices
Authors:   Sime Darby Plantation Research Sdn. Bhd., Syed Hilmi Syed Mohd Hadi , Ibrahim Nurul Hayati ,   Sime Darby Plantation Sdn Bhd
Published: October 2022

Palm oil is an extremely versatile oil that has many different properties and functions that makes it so useful and widely used. It is an incredibly efficient crop that produces more oil per land area than any other equivalent vegetable oil crop. Globally, palm oil supplies 40% of the world's vegetable oil demand on just under 6% of the land used to produce all vegetable oils (WWF). The production of certified sustainable palm oil (CSPO) and palm kernel (CSPK) has gain traction since 2008 and goes well with the demand of a more sustainable palm oil products. Nevertheless, oil palm is also subjected to being the cause of deforestation, destroying habitats of already endangered species and often with attendant labour and human rights abuses. These issues are generally grouped under 5 key areas namely land, emissions, exploitation, traceability, and food integrity. Sime Darby Plantation (SDP) is committed to address these issues and our commitments are aligned with the directives from various global sustainable palm oil agencies. SDP has also focused on R&D via GenomeSelectTM, Quality Management, Mechanisation and enhanced CPO quality as means to mitigate issues involving Sustainability.
Understanding the impact of proteolysis on extractability, physicochemical, and functional properties of proteins and lipids from almond flour
Authors:   University of California, Davis, Leite Nobrega De Moura Bell Juliana
Published: October 2022

The extraction of lipids and proteins from food matrices has been challenged by the use of several sequential unit operations and the frequent use of hazardous and flammable solvents to produce defatted flours for subsequent protein extraction. The effects of aqueous (AEP) and enzymatic extraction (EAEP) on the simultaneous extraction of lipids and proteins from full-fat almond flour, insoluble microstructure, oil recovery from the oil-rich emulsion, and physicochemical and functional properties of the extracted protein were evaluated. Except for the use of 0.5% of protease in the EAEP, extraction parameters were similar for both processes (pH 9.0, 50 ºC, 1:10 solids-to-liquid ratio, and 60 min). Enzymatic extraction significantly improved the oil (from 62 to 67%) and protein (from 67 to 77%) extractability while generating smaller protein fragments and creating a more porous insoluble structure. EAEP followed by enzymatic destabilization of the oil-rich emulsion increased the degree of hydrolysis of the emulsion proteins from 8 to 22% while reducing its hydrophobicity from 1205 to 688, resulting in 93% oil recovery. EAEP also resulted in the production of protein extracts with higher protein content, a more unordered protein secondary structure with reduced surface hydrophobicity, and reduced thermostability. Importantly, proteolysis significantly enhanced the functionality of the hydrolysates at pH values close to the almond protein isoelectric point. At pH 5.0, the hydrolysates had higher solubility (47 vs 23%), emulsification capacity (492 vs 402 g oil/ g protein), emulsification activity index (35 vs 17 m2 40 /g), and foaming capacity (23 vs 41 11%) compared with unhydrolyzed proteins. These results highlight the effectiveness of this flammable solvent-free extraction approach to maximize lipid and protein extractability from almond flour with concurrent improvement in oil recovery and protein functionality, creating new opportunities for their application as food ingredients.
Modifying oil and protein quality in hemp using modern conventional breeding approaches
Authors:   New West Genetics, Fletcher Rich
Published: October 2022

Cannabis sativa. has been cultivated as a source of high-quality fiber, nutritious grain and physiologically active molecules for thousands of years. Marijuana and hemp are both phenotypes of C. sativa, differentiated on the concentration of the psychoactive molecule delta-9-tetrahydocannabinol (THC) present in female flowers. Hemp, by definition, synthesizes less than 0.3% THC whereas all other plants would qualify as marijuana. Hemp grain is 30% lipid with a fatty acid composition elevated in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, particularly gamma-linolenic acid. Hemp is also recognized for a high protein content and well-balanced amino acid profile, making its protein properties comparable to soy. Cultivation of hemp in the United States ceased during the 1940s because the species became classified under Federal law as a Schedule 1 drug. As a result, no breeding of the species as a field crop occurred in the U.S. until the Agriculture Act of 2014 paved the way for its reintroduction to the agricultural landscape. To fill this void, New West Genetics has been employing traditional breeding approaches supported by modern statistical genomics to develop hemp varieties adapted to large-scale production in the United States. In concert, special focus has been paid to modifying lipid and protein profiles to improve the value of the grain upon receipt by processors. The talk will focus on these modifications and their value to both the food and feed market.
Combined use of microwave assisted extraction and saponification for food quality and safety
Authors:   Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Purcaro Giorgia , Carnaroglio Diego ,   Milestone srl, Boschini Roberto ,   Milestone srl
Published: October 2022

Sample preparation is a routine step in many analysis, but it's often underestimated. Choosing the right sample preparation step is important, as it can prevent contamination, improve accuracy, and minimize the risk of skewing the results. Despite that, most of the methods applied to fats and oils sample preparation are still tied to traditional, time- and solvent-consuming procedures. The complexity of the food matrices led to challenging sample preparation, for example, the time-consuming saponification. Over the years traditional techniques have been improved, but they are still relying on ancient technologies, so now laboratories are seeking new approaches to ensure fast, rugged, and reproducible analysis of food. Microwave assisted solvent extraction (MASE) and microwave assisted saponification (MAS) offer a reliable and efficient approach to sample preparation. Several processes can take advantages from microwave heating, reducing time and solvent consumption, enabling the lab to have a greener and more cost-effective approach. In this section some examples will be reported ranging from extraction of contaminants (MOAH and MOSH), to saponification and extraction of DAKs and sterols, to fatty acid methyl ester profile determination from foodstuff.
Development and statistical optimization of a tribo-electrification separation process for dry fractionation of yellow pea flour
Authors:   Howard University, Ghadiri Gargari Sama , Thomas Jamaka ,   Howard University, Tabtabaei Solmaz ,   Howard University
Published: October 2022

An eco-friendly dry tribo-electrostatic separation technique has been investigated to produce native plant-based protein concentrates from yellow pea flour using a lab-scale tribo-electrostatic separator. In this approach, a mixed-level full factorial (32 Ã— 22) experiment was designed to evaluate the influence of process parameters on the protein content and protein separation efficiency of the resulted protein-enriched product. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the data along with optimizing the process with the objective of maximizing the protein separation efficiency while reaching a protein content of at least 57%. Air flow rate, milling type (Pin and Ferkar), and milling intensity were found to have statistically significant impacts on the protein content while only plate voltage had an impact on protein separation efficiency. Although plate voltage and air flow rate had no impact on the response variables, the interactions of plate voltage with milling intensity and air flow rate with plate voltage were found to be significant. The optimal conditions for air flow rate, plate voltage, milling type, and milling intensity were found to be 7 LPM, -6.5 kV with pin milled flour at the higher milling intensity. It resulted in 57.1% of protein content for the protein-enriched flour. The theoretical predictions had a good agreement with the experimental results. Acknowledgment: The authors acknowledge USDA-NIFA-AFRI (Bioprocessing & Bioengineering) Award#2020-67021-31141 for its support.
Changes in Pen Pressure, Letter Size, and Writing Speed According to Visual Cues in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lee Han Sol , Youn Jinyoung , Ahn Jong Hyeon , Cho Jin Whan , Na Duk L. , Yoon Ji Hye
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Writing performance can be improved in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) by providing the visual cues. This study aimed to investigate the changes in pen pressure, letter size, and writing speed as per levels of visual cues.Methods: Sixty-three participants (38 PD patients and 25 normal adults) performed tasks, including sentence writing along visual cue levels using a tablet personal computer, digital pen, and software that could measure the pen pressure, stroke length, and duration.Results: First, the PD group’s pen pressure and letter size were improved when the visual cue was provided. Second, the effect of visual cues was shown more in the performance of ‘writing within square blanks’ than in the performance of ‘copying’ and ‘writing between parallel lines’. Especially, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the letter size in ‘writing within square blanks’.Conclusion: Despite movement disorders in PD patients, our findings suggest that pen pressure and letter size can be improved when the patients are provided visual cues. Our results indicate that providing visual cues hierarchically and objectively confirms changes in writing performance.
Maintenance of Improvement in Tinnitus after Tinnitus Sound Therapy: A 6-Month Follow-Up Study
Authors: Lee TaeRim , Sim YeonWoo , Jin In-Ki
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Sound therapy is a useful rehabilitation approach that focuses on listening to external stimuli to reduce the perception of and negative reactions to tinnitus. In this study, we investigated whether the benefits of sound therapy for tinnitus were maintained after treatment completion.Methods: The study included 18 adults with chronic sensorineural tinnitus. The intervention used was sound therapy based on the mixing point level of each participant. Participants received sound therapy for 6 months; the Korean version of the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire was administered before, after, and 6 months after completion of sound therapy to confirm any resolution of tinnitus.Results: The beneficial effects against tinnitus were maintained even 6 months post-therapy in 18 participants who showed significant improvement in mean questionnaire scores following sound therapy. With regard to the mean total score and mean subscale scores of emotion, sleep, concentration, and hearing, improvements between the baseline and 6-month follow-up were 24.22, 26.23, 25.22, 29.56, and 15.89, respectively.Conclusion: Sound therapy may be a potentially useful strategy that maintains improvement in tinnitus even after treatment. This fact may be useful to hearing professionals who may consider sound therapy for management of tinnitus.
Усовершенствованный высокочувствительный холловский магнитометр с повышенной линейностью и улучшенным пространственным разрешением
Authors: Ростами Х.Р.
Published: October 2022

A sharp jump in the magnetic response near the first critical twins magnetic field Hic1 was
generated under the combined action of a constant biased and a local oscillating damped
magnetic fields on the surface of the YBCO epitaxial film. The possibility of increasing due to
this jump the sensitivity of a standard Hall magnetometer from » 2.5×10-3G/Hz1/2 to » 8×10-
7G/Hz1/2 in the frequency range » 1 kHz has been demonstrated. The range of the measured
magnetic fields of the magnetometer was extended to the region of weak fields » (8×10-7–
2.5×10-3) Oe, while maintaining the accuracy and linearity of the order of 0.01%. To increase
the sensitivity, linearity and noise sustainability the beginning of the operating point of the
magnetometer was shifted to the twins values Hic1. The increased spatial resolution of the
magnetometer, determined by the linear dimensions of the YBCO film twins, was provided by
an increase in the total magnetic field directed perpendicular to the film surfaces and the Hall
transducer and reached ≈ 300 nm.