bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN INNOVATIVE WAY TO CREATE SECONDARY POWER SOURCES WITH HIGH ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Begmatov Sh
Published: April 2021

The article suggests an innovative way of creating a secondary power supply source-parametric stabilizer on the basis of magnetic semiconductor and electro-ferro-magnetic circuits with practically ideal current stabilization. In contrast to the existing methods of creating parametric stabilizers, the proposed method uses a combination of magnetic semiconductor converter and ferro-resonance-stabilizing device. This combination allows you to create a controlled parametric current stabilizer, characterized by high stability, speed and reliability in operation. Also, as a result of the analysis of the parametric current stabilizer, new analytical expressions have been obtained, allowing revealing simple and accurate methods of calculation of such devices.
ASKUG SYSTEM - INTEGRATION OF "GREEN TECHNOLOGIES" IN THE PROCESS OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Musaev M , Khojaeva S
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of a study to reduce greenhouse gases through the introduction of green technologies. Different countries are making rather tough decisions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The basics of environmental protection and conservation of natural resources are considered, the problems of green technology are analyzed. Uzbekistan has not yet taken tough measures to reduce greenhouse gases. But there are positive trends due to the introduction of green technology to reduce emissions. Also, green technology is being introduced into the gas transportation system, which will lead to the saving of natural resources. The ASKUG system for gas transportation was selected as a green technology, the results are shown before and after the implementation of ASKUG to reduce greenhouse gases
PURIFICATION OF POLLUTED WATER AT THE MUBAREK GAS PROCESSING PLANT LTD USING BY ION EXCHANGERS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Nazirov Z , Ibragimov J , Turabdzhanov S , Khashimova M , Rakhimova L
Published: April 2021

The full chemical composition of the circulating and make-up water of the Mubarek Gas Processing Plant JSC “Uzbekneftigaz” has been investigated. Raw water sources are the Kui-Mazorsk reservoir and groundwater (artesian water).The amount of released impurities after their softening by passing through the layers of the KU-2-8 cation exchanger is determined. This method is simple, effective and energy-saving in water treatment, LLC "Mubarek" GPP.
MODIFICATION OF COMPOSITION OF SALINITY INHIBITORS BASED ON ORGANOPHOSPHONATES AND ACRYLIC ACID
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Kadirov B , Kamilov O , Usmanova Y , Kadirov H , Davlatova Z , Cherkasova E
Published: April 2021

Chemical and mineralogical compositions of mineral deposits and acidic precipitations have been studied, and synergistically effective compositions of inhibitors of salt deposits have been selected based on -PO3H2 and COOH containing organic compounds. The article proposes a formulation of a mineral salts deposit inhibitor corresponding to regulatory indicators (not less than 90%) for the protection of municipal boiler houses and industrial equipment, comparative results of the industrial preparation Komperex-710. The obtained compositions were found to be effective inhibitors in concentrations of 8-12 mg/l in waters with calcium and magnesium chlorides Chimbaia, Turtkulia and Biruni with hardness of 7.9-9.6 mg.eq/l and in concentrations of 10-14 mg/l in waters with calcium and magnesium carbonates Nukus and Shukmanay
PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (UAVs)
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Shokirov Rakhimjon , Abdujabarov Nuriddin , Jonibek Takhirov , Saytov Kadamboy , Bobomurodov Saidbek
Published: April 2021

This article outlines the current state of research and development for autonomous unmanned aircraft for civil use. Specifically, the history of UAVs for civil use, research and development in the world, and the topics and prospects for the control and operation of autonomous UAVs for civil use are defined. The perspectives for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are addressed, programs due to the formation and problems preventing the use of UAVs are listed, and ways of increasing competitiveness are taken into account. This article provides an overview of research involving the advancement of UAV technology for the management of UAV production. Technologies, structures and procedures are researched and studied. As well as potential needs and recommendations for the implementation and deployment of UAV technology, the shortcomings of current UAVs for civil production management will be addressed.
THE WAYS OF RATIONAL USE OF COOLING TOWERS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Muhiddinov D , Sanayev S , Boliyev B
Published: April 2021

In order to improve the economic performance of the company, the establishment of rational water use schemes and the reduction of the use of fresh water obtained from water supply systems or natural bodies of water can become an important factor. Water-cooling circulating systems, where cooling towers are used as cooling facilities, are the basis of rational water use systems. In water recycling systems that need stable water cooling at high specific hydraulic and thermal loads, cooling towers are used. By spraying water with nozzles or irrigation devices, the surface of water needed to cool it by contact with air is formed. A cooling tower is a heat exchange device for removing heat from various production processes to the environment by evaporating part of the water passing through it. The share of evaporated water usually does not exceed 1.5 %. Most of the cooling towers used were built 30 - 50 years ago. Almost all of these installations are morally and physically outdated. To consider the main criteria that should be guided with the choice of method for reconstruction of cooling towers to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their operation.
INCREASING THE ROUGHNESS OF THE PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING A VECTOR OF THE CONDITION OF OBJECTS TO THE INFLUENCE OF UNCERTAINTY FACTORS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Mamirov U
Published: April 2021

Algorithms for increasing the roughness of the procedure for assessing the state vector of control objects to the influence of uncertainty factors are given. Expressions are obtained for extended state vectors and observations. Stable inversion algorithms are given for a nondegenerate block matrix with the allocation of its left and right zero divisors of maximum rank. The presented stable computational procedures allow us to regularize the problem of synthesis of algorithms for estimating the parameters of regulators in adaptive control systems with a customizable model and to improve the quality indicators of control processes under conditions of parametric uncertainty
THE USE OF HIGH-PRECISION MAGNETOMETRY IN SOLVING VARIOUS SCIENTIFIC AND PRODUCTION PROBLEMS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Abdullabekov K , Jiyanov T
Published: April 2021

In the article named "the use of high-precision magnetometry in solving various scientific and production problems" the data of analysis of long-term observations of the geomagnetic field are presented, and the specialists engaged in magnetometric work are familiarized with the methods of high-precision magnetic surveys developed at the Institute of Seismology and some results of magnetometric work obtained at geodynamic testing sites in Uzbekistan.
TEST OF EXPERIMENTAL ULTRAFILTRATION INSTALLATION
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Isaxodjayev X , Alimova L , Boliyev B
Published: April 2021

The paper presents the test results of an ultrafiltration unit. During the test, one of the main parameters of the ultrafiltration process, membrane permeability and a rational process parameter, a linear velocity in the range of 4-7 s/m . According to the results, it can be determined that the process is considered effective if the membrane permeability remains maximum for a long time at a given selectivity and with minimal energy consumption. It was found that for ultrafiltration separation of concentrated solutions of iron hydroxide, the optimal values of the linear velocity are in the range of 5.0-10.0 s/m at an overpressure of 0.6-1.2 MPa.
RESEARCH OF OPTOELECTRONIC VOLTAGE RELAY
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Abduraimov E , Rasulov A , Khalmanov D , Hamidova N
Published: April 2021

Article represents using theoretical analysis and experimental studies of nonlinear resistive circuits and it was developed that it is important to use such circuits as power contactless switching devices to ensure a quality power supply for consumers. The paper deals with the problems of designing lightweight, reliable, high-speed contactless optoelectronic voltage relays with extended service life, combining a responsive device and a strong executive body with a sinusoidal form of the load voltage curve. Theoretical studies of transients in nonlinear dynamic circuits result in the solution of differential condition equations by a computational method built on the basis of optoelectronic pressure relays with time delay. Experimental investigations and the operating theory of this relay are addressed.
NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF THE CHARGE STATE AND ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL OF A BINARY NANOCLUSTER STRUCTURE WITH SI2ZNS CELLS IN A CUBIC LATTICE OF CRYSTALLINE SILICON WITH A DIAMOND STRUCTURE
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Zikrillaev N , Shakarov F , Khaqqulov M
Published: April 2021

Numerical calculation of electronic and atomic structures of complex systems of crystalline and transitional nano- and micro-sizes by using quantum physical methods will make it possible to forecast new properties of crystalline silicon with various concentrations of clusters of impurity atoms, structural arrangement at lattice sites and types of clusters. The quantum-chemical method was used to calculate the required characteristics of the cell, i.e. the charge state and electrostatic potential for the base matrix of Si (silicon) and silicon with an impurity cluster consisting of 3 tetrahedral cells type- Si2ZnS in the base lattice of Si. Calculation of the electrostatic potential of the base lattice of Si, and silicon with an impurity cluster of Si2ZnS in the Si lattice revealed a noticeable change in the potential intensity at the cell sites. In the cluster, charge transfer occurs from S (sulfur) atoms to Zn (zinc) atoms. Zn atoms at sites acquire a negative charge while S atoms acquire a positive charge. In fact, the numerical calculation confirms the hypothesis that instead of completing its structure to the most stable electronic configuration ... s2p6, in certain cases the chalcogen atom can also donate some of its electrons to form a quasi-stable configuration ... sp3.
RESEARCH OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF THE ROCK IN CONTACT WITH THE ELEMENTS OF THE DRILL BIT DURING DRILLING
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Toshniyozov L , Toshov J , Songyong Liu
Published: April 2021

Research of the interaction of rock-cutting tools with rock with various approaches is presented in the article. In contrast to analytical and experimental methods with their limited and costly applicability, it is proposed to use numerical modeling to better represent the mechanics of rock destruction, to visualize the stages of destruction in a short time and in a cheaper way. This article allows to get an idea that using the finite element method can get mathematical modeling of plastic deformation, assess the stress-strain state of the bit and optimize the structural elements and working conditions of the rock cutting tool, analyze the dynamics of fracture forces and others. The dynamic interaction of the drill bit with the rock in case of two cones with different arrangement of buttons on one crown is investigated. In the process of analysis, it was found that the interaction of paired buttons with rocks has a force action on the area of the rock as well as the cone of the industry bit, but in a more intensively fluctuating way, by also saving energy. Advantageously, the arrangement of the buttons in pairs has not only tensile stress in the longitudinal direction, but also in the transverse direction, contributing to a wide coverage of the fracture zone
THE NECESSITY OF UTILIZING INTERNAL BLADING AT STEEP-FALLING DEPOSITS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Naimova R , Djuraev S , Norova K , Sytenkov B
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the necessity to form internal blades in deep steep falling deposits. The experience of formation and the scheme of blading of internal blades in open-cast mines with different mining and geological conditions is summarized. The prospective solution of formation of internal blades for deep quarry Muruntau is given and their prerequisites are defined
PROCESSING OF SLAGS OF COPPER MANUFACTURING WITH THE USE OF IDEAL MIXING EQUIPMENT
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Matkarimov S , Berdiyarov B , Nosirkhujayev S , Ochildiyev K , Marjorie B
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the issues of processing slag of copper production using devices that model ideal mixing. It has been shown that the use of this type of apparatus increases the efficiency of physical and chemical processes and significantly reduces the copper content in dump slags. It has been found that the process of reduction of ferric iron oxide by the clinker in the initial period takes place in the kinetic mode. After reducing the concentration of magnetite (3-5%) in the slag, the process of reducing it passes into the diffusion region, that is, restoring the excess content of ferric iron in iron silicate melts takes a short period of time during which the process can be carried out, without significantly delaying the operation time of the main industrial equipment. The optimal slag magnetite reducing agent is determined to be zinc production waste
INVESTIGATION OF THE MOISTURE BINDING FORMS IN PLANT RAW MATERIALS AND THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS DETERMINATION
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Raxmanova Tojiniso , Sultanova Shaxnoza , Safarov Jasur , Capanoglu Esra
Published: April 2021

In this article, the forms of moisture connection and the thermal characteristics of plant materials are studied. Rosehip and hawthorn fruits were chosen as the object of research. In the heat analyzer, a decrease in the mass of the product and an increase in temperature were found when the temperature was controlled in a certain gas environment. The curves of the dependence of the dog rose and hawthorn samples on the mass and temperature are given. DTA-1/10 galvanometer sensitivity; sensitivity of the DTG-1/5 galvanometer; the maximum heating temperature is 300° С and the rate of change of the furnace heating temperature is 3° С / min. The temperature features of the process of thermolysis of plant products have been studied. As a result of the study, the initial temperature, the highest and the final temperature of endothermic action were determined. The thermophysical properties of rose hips and hawthorn fruits were studied on the basis of experiments and the results are reflected in the tables below. Coefficients of thermal conductivity and specific heat of mass in the temperature range 20-80 ºC are given.
APPLICATION OF THE GROUND LASER SCANNING RESULTS IN MONITORING OF ADJACENT ROCK MASSES OF DEEP CAREERS
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University, Rahimov Sh
Published: April 2021

The method of laser scanning, used in combination with the traditional mine surveying, is one of the most effective and safest ways to carry out mine surveying and instrumental observations on deforming areas of open mining objects. The article presents the results of ground-based laser scanning of the Kharanutsky coal pit and a comparative analysis to determine the deformations and displacements of the sides for different periods, which was performed in the RISCAN PRO environment. Digital elevation models (DEM) were built, distinguishing observation cycles by color. As a result of comparison, the places of manifestation of deformations and displacements were revealed. Based on the results of geomonitoring, it was concluded that critical displacements and deformations were not detected, despite the places where small rockslides were manifested, and further systematic observations were recommended. The results of laser scanning are confirmed by the data of satellite observations on the control points and the survey of the section sides
The prevalence of celiac disease in Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Aljulifi Mohammed Zaid , Mahzari Moeber , Alkhalifa Lujain , Hassan Esra , Alshahrani Abdullah Mohammed , Alotay Abdulwahed Abdulaziz
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that is highly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The reported prevalence of CD in patients with T1DM in Saudi Arabia varies and the number of studies is limited.

OBJECTIVES:

Determine the prevalence of CD diagnosed with anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibodies or by endoscopic biopsy in adolescents and adults with T1DM.

DESIGN:

Cross-sectional, retrospective medical record review.

SETTING:

Tertiary care center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The study population included adolescents and adults with T1DM who were screened for CD between 2010 and 2019. The study variables included age, sex, age at diagnosis of T1DM, age of positive celiac screening, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total daily insulin dose, frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and other autoimmune diseases.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

The prevalence of celiac disease in adolescents and adults with T1DM.

SAMPLE SIZE:

539 patients.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of positive celiac test results was 11.5% (n=62). A small proportion (n=5, 8%) of the positive CD group was diagnosed with T1DM after they tested positive with the celiac screening test. Ten (16%) were diagnosed with T1DM and CD in the same year. The rest of the sample had a positive screening test after being diagnosed with T1DM. There was no statistically significant difference between the CD positive and negative groups for HbA1C, DKA frequency, microvascular complications of diabetes or thyroid disorder. For histopathological confirmation of CD, only 37% (n=23) of the group with a positive screening test underwent endoscopy. In this group, 43% (n=10) had normal endoscopic biopsy findings, 21.7% (n=5) had partial villous atrophy and 34.7% (n=8) had total villous atrophy.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study highlights the importance of screening for CD in T1DM patients. CD prevalence is high in patients with T1DM, despite the high likelihood of underdiagnosis. Additional studies of different age groups and the use of different study methods are required. In addition, a unified national strategy to diagnose CD in T1DM patients is highly advisable.

LIMITATIONS:

Retrospective, single-center, few confirmations of CD by intestinal biopsy.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
Frequency of complications and risk factors associated with computed tomography guided core needle lung biopsies
Authors: Yucel Serap , Sayit Asli Tanrivermis , Tomak Leman , Celenk Cetin
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:

Although transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB) is an effective method for diagnosis of lung tumors, it has some complications. It is crucial to know the frequency and severity of the complications of TTNB and its risk factors in order to avoid them.

OBJECTIVES:

Evaluate the complications and risk factors of computed tomography guided core needle lung biopsies (CT-CNLB).

DESIGN:

Prospective evaluation of complications.

SETTING:

Single center in Turkey.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

For CT-CNLBs performed between October 2017 and March 2018, the complications of biopsies were noted and classified as major and minor based on guidelines of the Society of Interventional Radiology.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

The complications and risk factors for complications were evaluated.

SAMPLE SIZE:

123 adult patients.

RESULTS:

The most common complications were pulmonary hemorrhage (30.9%) and pneumothorax (22%). Increased overall pulmonary hemorrhage was observed with underlying emphysema (P=.022), non-peripheral location of the lesion (P<.001), increased needle pathway (P<.001), fissure penetration (P=.011), increased number of pleura penetrations (P=.024), prolonged needle time across pleura (P=.037), and decreased lesion size (P=.033). The pneumothorax rate increased with non-peripheral location of the lesion (P<.007), fissure penetration (P=.021), prolonged needle time across the pleura (P=.013), and decreased lesion size (P=.002). In the logistic regression analyses for he two most common complications, the only risk factor for both alveolar hemorrhage and pneumothorax was a non-peripheral location of the lesion (P<.001, OR=14.7, 95% CI=3.9–55.4 for alveolar hemorrhage) and (P=.001, OR=156.2, 95% CI =7.34–3324.7 for pneumothorax).

CONCLUSION:

Most common complications of CT-CNLB were pneumothorax and pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage with a 5.7% major complication rate. Choosing the shortest possible trans-pulmonary needle pathway minimizes the risk of complications.

LIMITATIONS:

Limited number of patients, absence of rare complications as death, air embolism, and needle tract seeding.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
Don’t (Community) Bank on it: How the Current Regulatory Framework and New Federal Regulations Threaten the U.S. Community Banking Industry
Authors: Carlson Patrick T.
Published: April 2021

N/A
No Help Wanted: Fixing the Labor Certification Paradox and Other Barriers to an Effective Employment Immigration System
Authors: Fulponi Christina
Published: April 2021

N/A
PENGARUH LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP MUTU TEH DAUN GAMBIR (Uncaria Gambir Roxb.)
Authors: Eviza Andi
Published: April 2021

Tanaman gambir mengandung senyawa polifenol yang cukup tinggi, sama seperti senyawa yang terdapat dalam daun teh (Camelia sinensis). Banyak hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa polifenol bersifat sebagai antioksidan yang bermanfaat dalam mengobati penyakit ataupun menangkap radikal bebas yang terbentuk di dalam tubuh. Senyawa polifenol yang terdapat dalam daun gambir meliputi tanin, katekin, dan gambirin. Teh daun gambir dibuat melalui dua tahapan proses untuk memperoleh teh sesuai dengan formula yang diinginkan, yaitu pengolahan daun gambir menjadi daun gambir kering lalu dibuat menjadi teh daun gambir.  Pengolahan lainnya, yaitu dengan melakukan proses fermentasi terhadap daun gambir. Perlakuan fermentasi pada pembuatan teh daun gambir masih bervariasi, belum dilakukan uji kandungan katekin, dan tannin yang merupakan kandungan utama dari gambir juga kandungan antioksidannya, kadar abu dan kadar airnya untuk mengetahui mutu dari teh herbal yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan lama proses fermentasi  yaitu 18 jam, 24 jam, 30 jam, 36 jam, 42 jam dan 48 jam yang diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Hasil analisa laboratorium yang diperoleh rata-rata kandungan katekin pada tiap perlakuan 3,12%, 2,17%, 2,25%, 1,82%, 1,85%, 1,69%, kandungan taninnya 6,39%, 5,51%, 3,82%, 2,43%, 2,29%, 1,78%, aktivitas antioksidan 326,73ppm, 309,10ppm, 317,68ppm, 317,68ppm, 226,39ppm, 226,78ppm, kadar abu 2,62%, 2,62%, 2,66%, 2,57%, 2,41%, 2,43%, kadar air 8,42%, 8,66%, 8,58%, 8,36%, 8,33% 8,40%.
UJI VIABILITAS BEBERAPA JENIS VARIETAS JAGUNG ( Zea Mays) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Nurhafidah Nurhafidah
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah:1.  Untuk mengetahui metode yang paling bagus  digunakan untuk uji daya kecambah pada beberapa varietas jagung.2. Mengenal berbagai uji viabilitas dan vigor benih dengan pengecambahan,  Uji Daya Berkecambah Benih, Uji Keserempakan Berkecambah Benih.3. Mengetahui spesifikasi berbagai metode Uji Viabilitas dan Vigor Benih dengan pengecambahan 4. Mengetahui kriteria kecambah normal dan abnormal.Penelitian ini di laksanakan di laboratorium Teknologi Benih Jurusan Budidaya Tanaman Perkebunan di Politenik Pertanian Negeri Pangkep pada bulan Agustus sampai November 2020. Metode yang akan gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pengecambahan benih dengan substrat kertas yaitu:  Uji di atas kertas, Uji antara kertas, Uji kertas digulung didirikan dalam plastik. Penelitian ini menggunakan  Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dalam faktorial 2 faktor yaitu; faktor pertama adalah varietas terdiri atas 3 taraf ( v1, v2, v3,) dan faktor ke dua  terdiri atas 3 taraf  (M1, M2, M3,). Setiap perlakuan diulang 2 kali. daya berkecambah pada uji UAK,UDK,UKDdP  menunjukkan rata-rata daya berkecambah hampir sama dari ketiga metode tersebut. Rata-rata persentase daya berkecambah pada metode  UDK,UAK,UKDdP berkisar 88 – 98 % untuk semua varitas yang di uji. Metode UDK berkisar 90  %, metode UDK  86 % dan UKDdP 98 %. Daya berkecambah merupakan tolok ukur viabilitas potensial yang merupakan simulasi dari kemampuan benih untuk tumbuhdan berproduksi normal dalam kondisi optimum  Berdasarkan analisis sidik ragam  menunjukkan bahwa tidak   berpengaruh  nyata dari beberapa varietas jagung yang di uji dari tiga metode uji yaitu,,uji diatar kertas (UAK),uji diatas kertas (UDK), uji kertas di gulung didirikan dalam plastik (UKDdP) dimana F hit.lebih kecil dari F tabel.
E-Learning Experience of Medical and Dental Students from Private Colleges of Karachi, During COVID-19
Authors: Saeed Sumera , Shah Beenish , Ali Asma Basharat , Shahid Asma , Anis Ayesha , Sajjad Batool
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the IT aptitude of medical and dental students. The secondary objectives were to identify IT related issues faced by students during e-learning sessions,to asssess the perception of e-learning among students and to assess the perception of different e-media among students. Study design and Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected MBBS and BDS students of various private Medical and Dental Colleges of Karachi, affiliated with the same University. Methodology: The sample size was calculated to be 442. Students from the first year to the final year were approached to fill the online pre-tested questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS, Version 21. Confidentiality and privacy of the data were maintained. Ethical approval was taken from the relevant boards. Results: Out of 446 participants, 57.62% were from MBBS and 42.3% were from BDS. 96.41% of students were taking their online classes from their home. Most of the students (56.7%) preferred mobile phones for these sessions and used broadband or local area network internet connections (55.59%). Conclusion: Uninterrupted network connectivity is crucial for the effective implementation of a Virtual Education Program. The Medical and Dental Colleges of a developing country like Pakistan, have a long way to go but with the development of a technologically sound infrastructure, e-learning can prove to be successful in the future
Is Covid-19 vaccine truly the miracle drug the world was waiting for?
Authors: Fakhir Shazia Durrani , Hameed Ammara
Published: April 2021

World is in the middle of COVID-19 pandemic. COVID- 19 was declared as a pandemic by WHO on 11, March 2020.1 Globally 108 million cases have been reported worldwide, claiming the deaths of 2.32 million globally.2 The need for wearing masks, frequent hand washing and social distancing cannot be emphasized more since the surge of this pandemic. Now wearing mask and adopting the social distancing are more of a routine. But these measures are certainly not enough to control the pandemic. Efforts more than this are required.
Obturation of A Mandibular 2nd Molar with the Help of Ultrasonic Irrigation to Clean the Lateral Canal
Authors: Abbasi Hira , Lal Abhishek , Jouhar Rizwan , Saqib Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Apex of root is of great interest for endodontists mainly because of different stages involved in its development and the surrounding tissues. Mandibular molars normally consists of 2 roots, one mesial and one distal. About common occurrence, 2 canals are found in mesial root and 1 canal in the distal root. The patient was diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. After cleaning and shaping, the next step is obturation. Lateral canals are complex findings in the apical third of root which is characterized as a lateral canal deviating from the main canal. Normally, this lateral canal is not part of the standard root canal procedure due to the complexities, but sometimes obturation might be possible, which might affect the long-term prognosis of the tooth. Advanced skills are required to attempt and complete obturation of the lateral canal which might be a difficult task for the general practitioners.
Privacy and Emergency Payments in a Pandemic: How to Think about Privacy and a Central Bank Digital Currency
Authors: Rennie Ellie , Steele Stacey
Published: April 2021

The economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted many governments to provide emergency payments to citizens. These one-off and recurring payments revealed the shortcomings of existing financial infrastructures even as electronic payments replaced cash for everyday expenses. Delays in getting government payments to citizens in many countries focused attention on the potential benefits of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). This article outlines the social and economic policy choices involved in designing a CBDC and the consequences of these choices for privacy. Priorities including preventing the criminal abuse of the financial system, geopolitical concerns and private sector innovation compete with, and potentially undermine, privacy. We identify and categorize four key privacy risks as ‘losses’ associated with current CBDC models: loss of anonymity, loss of liberty, loss of individual control, and loss of regulatory control.
The Neue Nationalgalerie: the Refurbishment of a Modern Monument
Authors: Jaspers Martijn
Published: April 2021

After 46 years of continuous use, Mies van der Rohe's Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin closed its doors to start works on its refurbishment. Being a masterpiece of the second half of the 20th century, conventional standards in terms of dealing with high-level heritage must be adhered to. The quality of this refurbishment can be found in the project’s holistic approach. Not only by taking into account the visual integrity but also by paying attention to its physical substance, time-bound and classical elements, the added value of the project is created.
The Biyography of Prof. Dr. Mehmet Tiner and His Contribution to the Turkish Orthopedic Surgery (Birth 12.08.1929 Guzelbahçe-Izmir - Died: 21 May 2003 Guzelbahçe-Izmir)
Authors: Canda M. Şerefettin
Published: April 2021

Prof. Dr. Mehmet Nurettin Tiner is one of Izmir’s first Orthopedics and Traumatology specialists and one of the values Izmir has grown. He worked at Aegean University Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Behçet Uz Children’s Hospital and Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine. Mehmet Tiner has served the society in the field of Orthopedics and Traumatology in Izmir throughout his professional life. He is one of the pioneers who have made significant contributions to the development of Orthopedics and Traumatology Department in Izmir and Turkey. Our aim is to review the life, works of Mehmet Tiner and introduce him to young generations. Mehmet Tiner born in Izmir on 12 August 1929 and he graduated from Guzelbahçe Kazim Paşa Primary School, Izmir Inönü High School (1947),Istanbul Faculty of Medicine (1957). He bacame Ortopedics and Traumatology Specialist in Aegean University in 1962. Mehmet Tiner became a Associate Professor in 1969 and a full Professor in 7 January 1975 at Aegean University Medical Faculty. He is one of the founding 12 courageous faculty members of Izmir Medical Faculty, which was affiliated to Aegean University and established on March 1, 1978. Izmir Faculty of Medicine took its place within the structure of Dokuz Eylul University, which was established on 20 July 1982. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Tiner is founder of DEUTF Orthopedics and Traumatology Department on March 1, 1978 and he contributed to the many medical doctors education and graduation also have contributed to the education of Orthopedics and Traumatology Specialist in Turkey, is one of our pioneering doctors. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Tiner is married to Mrs. Hilmiye Oya from İstanbul and his son Dr. Mustafa Tiner is an Orthopedics and Traumatology specialist like himself. Professor Mehmet Nurettin Tiner, who retired from Dokuz Eylul Universtiy Faculty of Medicine on August 12, 1996, passed away on May 21, 2003 in Guzelbahçe, İzmir.
Thalassemia
Authors: Aksu Tekin , Unal Sule
Published: April 2021

Defects in protein structure or synthesis of hemoglobin are called hemoglobinopathies. Thalassemia is the most common hemoglobinopathy, and it is estimated that 5% of the world population carries at least one variant allele of thalassemia. The thalassemias can be classified as alpha or beta thalassemias. Beta thalassemia may present as silent carriers with normal hematological parameters, while beta thalassemia carriers have hypochromic microcytic anemia, associated with a high HbA2. However, patients with beta thalassemia intermedia and beta thalassemia major need transfusion intermittently or regularly and they are called non-transfusion dependent thalassemias or transfusion-dependent thalassemias, respectively. This review focuses on pathophysiology, clinical, laboratory features of thalassemias along with their treatment and follow-up.
Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt Infections in a Tertiary Center, 3 Years Experience
Authors: Dincer Emre , Dalgıç Karabulut Nazan
Published: April 2021

Objective: Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt infection is the most important complication of shunt applications. In pediatric age, shunt infections are associated with shunt dysfunction, requirement for shunt revision, neurodevelopmental delay, prolonged hospital stay, and high treatment costs. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics of shunt infections of our patients and to compare the differences between early and late infections, infections caused by staphylococci and other strains and infection that did and did not recur.
Methods: In this retrospective study, shunt infections treated in the Pediatric Infection Clinic of Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital between July 2008 and July 2011 were evaluated.
Results: Forty-seven shunt infections in 42 patients were evaluated. Congenital anomalies were the most common etiology of hydrocephalus and fever was the most common symptom of the patients. Higher rates of early shunt infections, shunt infections in early childhood and infections caused by staphylococci species were observed. Patients with infections caused by staphylococci species received shorter duration of antibiotherapy (p=0.024). Infections that recurred in the six months of follow-up had higher rates of positive blood cultures (p=0.022). There was no statistically significant difference between early and late-term shunt infections.
Conclusion: Shunt infections were evaluated in different aspects in our study. Direct colonization of the shunt catheter still seems to be most important cause for the shunt infections because early infections and infections caused by skin flora were more common in our patient group.
TOTAL FAVORING IN PROPORTIONAL APPORTIONMENTS
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Bolun Ion
Published: April 2021

The notion of “total favoring” of large or of small beneficiaries in proportional apportionments of entities is defined as a particular case of favoring. It is proven that the number of known conditions of total favoring of beneficiaries in an apportionment (APP) can be considerably reduced. Thus, the volume of calculations to be performed for the respective computer simulation was reduced. In order to quantitatively estimate the total favoring of beneficiaries by APP methods, three indicators were used: the percentage of apportionments, in which large beneficiaries are totally favored; the percentage of apportionments, in which small beneficiaries are totally favored; the percentage of total favoring of large or of small beneficiaries, depending on the APP method applied. A total of five APP methods are being researched: Hamilton (Hare), Sainte-Laguë (Webster), d’Hondt (Jefferson), Huntington-Hill and Adapted Sainte-Laguë. Based on results of computer simulation, the total favoring of beneficiaries by these five APP methods was estimated, including comparatively. For example, it has been identified that the d’Hondt method does not always totally favors beneficiaries to a greater extent than the Huntington-Hill method. At the same time, the Adapted Sainte-Laguë method always totally favors small beneficiaries less compared to the Huntington-Hill method.
STAGES OF FORMATION OF ARCHITECTURE OF CHISINAU ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDINGS
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Oleinic Svetlana
Published: April 2021

This article reveals the stages of formation of the architecture of administrative buildings in the city of Chisinau on the background of historical and economic transformations, that took place in Moldova from the late 19th to the early 21st century. The article reflects the results of analysis, which made it possible to identify nine periods of evolution of the architecture of administrative buildings from the provincial administration buildings to office and business centers. Based on specific examples, the article demonstrates the transformation of compositional techniques not only of this typological group, but also of public buildings in general, as well as stylistic changes in their architecture from eclecticism and neoclassicism, through modernism and postmodernism, to deconstructivism and high-tech.
JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE (HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUS) FLOUR IMPACT ON BREAD QUALITY
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Chirsanova Aurica , Capcanari Tatiana ,   Technical University of Moldova, Gîncu Ecaterina ,   Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova
Published: April 2021

Jerusalem artichoke tubers are known for their high content of nutrients, high acidity, pleasant taste and smell and beneficial effects on health. Thus, the capitalization of food products such as bread with Jerusalem artichoke flour, could be an opportunity to diversify the range of new products. The aim of this research was to elucidate the impact of added Jerusalem artichoke flour (in a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%) in wheat flour bread on the sensory and physico-chemical properties of the finished product. Jerusalem artichoke flour has a high dry matter content and a high content of essential amino acids such as histidine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine and valine. In the results we recommend the replacement of wheat flour with 5% Jerusalem artichoke flour, to obtain a product rich in micro and macronutrients with better organoleptic properties and a longer shelf life, which positively influences human health.
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Lifestyle Behaviours among Italian Physically Active Population
Authors: Galfo Myriam , Maccati Fabrizia , Melini Francesca
Published: April 2021

Objective: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency resulting in lockdowns, associated food habits and lifestyle changes and constraint public health delivery. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 induced lockdown in Italy on lifestyle behaviours among physically active population adults.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from April to June 2020 on 175 subjects (48.6% males and 18–66 age range) by a structured questionnaire to collect information on demographic characteristics, anthropometric data, lifestyle factors and dietary habits.
Results: It merged that 40% of the sample gained weight (≈1kg) with no significant differences between genders. Alcohol consumption and physical activity practice and duration significantly decreased during lockdown, while physical activity frequency, sedentary activities, sleep times, daily breakfast habits and consumption of sweets significantly increased. A multiple logistic regression model showed that education level, nutritional status, frequency of physical activity, eating between meals, and sweet consumption had a significant effect on weight gain during COVID-19.
Conclusions: Lockdown had a bi-directional impact (both positive and negative) on lifestyle changes, because more time was spent at home. These results need to be confirmed with further longitudinal studies among a larger population sample to better understand the lasting effects of this pandemic on lifestyle behaviors and their changes.

Key words: Covid-19, lifestyle behaviour, lockdown, pandemic, physical activity.
ERADICATION OF WILD LEVELS IN PUBLIC SERVICES IN BANDUNG CLASS I ROUTINE
Authors: Anwar Umar
Published: April 2021

Illegal levies have been ingrained in the correctional ranks that exist throughout  Indonesia. This has become a bad precedent for socialization in the community. With  this, it is necessary to improve the integrity and transparent public service system that  is provided to service recipient communities to improve public trust in correctional  services in prisons and detention centers in Indonesia. Services that can be provided to  service recipient communities are services that can be seen directly from the results  and transparency in realizing excellent service and quality. Services that are a complaint  against indications of illegal levies in prisons and detention are services to visits (bezel),  remission proposals, assimilation, conditional leave, free explanatory leave, paid  release, and the provision of other services needed by the community and prisoners. 

To get information that is as clear as possible, this study uses descriptive  qualitative research methods by measuring the behavior of officers, prisoners, and  prisoners. The research uses in-depth interview methods to visitors (bezel), to prisoners  and prisoners as data sampling and direct observation in the Class I Prison in Bandung  to find out the actual conditions in the research locus. 

The results of the study indicate the need for strengthening commitment with all levels  of officials and officers in the Bandung Klas I Prison in eradicating illegal levies in  providing services, increasing commitment and integrity in services, providing  Information technology-based services and strict supervision of the giving of prisoners'  rights. Realizing principles and regulations are necessary to provide guidance and  training for all Klas I Bandung detention officers to strengthen Integrity in the  implementation of tasks. With training and education can provide strength and insight  for officers to be able to build integrity and commitment to good service in prison.
OPTIMIZING THE ROLE OF CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN FOSTERING PRISONERS WITH A BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Syahri
Published: April 2021

Every a correctional institution is in each region indonesia would surely variegated in  terms of any, Like for example is correctional institution for woman and children, where  buildings correctional institution for both prisoners were built specifically to its own. But  , the sometimes out of sight is that there are several prisoners in indonesia which has  background disability. Development process it will also make the law office in criminal  justice systems country can be realized with good. To provide training to convict  moreover disability , should be understood that basic elements coaching convicts  namely the inmate itself , the officers community elements to walk optimally.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY TO REDUCE THE ANXIETY OF NARRIVES TOWARDS FREE IN THE CLASS II A PAMEKASAN Narcotics Prison
Authors: Patandean Sira Te'dang
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to  reduce inmates’ prerelease anxiety in Narcotics Prison Class II A Pamekasan using a  quasi-experimental single subject design (A-B) in 5 inmates. Instrument used is Taylor  Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) of Janet Taylor Spence which has been widely used in  Indonesia, including in prisons. Analysis of data using visual analysis and Wilcoxon  Signed Rank Test and calculating the value of r to determine effect size. The trend line  on the visual analysis showed a decrease in inmates’ prerelease anxiety after the  intervention Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is given. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test  showed that there are significant differences in inmates’ prerelease anxiety levels before  and after Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is given (p = 0.042). Wilcoxon Signed Rank  Test results in post test 1 and post test 2 showed that no significant differences in  inmates’ prerelease anxiety levels (p = 0.785). This means that the results of intervention  is likely to be maintained. The results of effect size calculation is done by calculating the  value of r (r = 0.65) showed that CBT provides large effect to reduce the level of inmates’  prerelease anxiety. It can be concluded that CBT is effective to reduce the level of  inmates'prerelease anxiety with large effect.
PESANTREN AS A FORM OF SOCIAL REHABILITATION FOR NARCOTICS INSTITUTIONS OF NARCOTICS INSTITUTIONS OF CLASS II A JAKARTA
Authors: BIAFRI VIVI SYLVIANI
Published: April 2021

Drug convicts are scattered in all prisons in Indonesia. Only some are placed in special narcotics prisons. Therefore, in accordance with SMR 58 and 59, the prison must carry out their recovery. Narcotics special prisons have the responsibility for implementing rehabilitation for narcotics convicts. This is done to prepare them to return to the midst of society and not use narcotics anymore. This research raises the problem of how the implementation of Islamic boarding schools as a form of social rehabilitation for narcotics inmates at the Class II A Narcotics Prison, Jakarta? This study aims to determine the implementation of pesantren activities as a form of social rehabilitation for narcotics convicts. This research was conducted at the Class II A Narcotics Prison, Jakarta. This study uses a qualitative research approach. This research was conducted in October 2018. The data were collected using observation, interview and document study techniques which were then processed and analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that Islamic boarding school activities as a form of social rehabilitation for narcotics prisoners have not been optimal.
THE EFFECT OF FRIENDS SOCIAL SUPPORT OF PRIVATE VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS (ANDIKPAS) AND SELF ESTEEM ON FUTURE ORIENTATION IN THE FIELD OF WORK ON ANDIKPAS IN BANDUNG CLASS III CHILDREN'S PRIVACY INSTITUTION
Authors: Subarkah Maki Zaenudin , Nur Asya Bani Isti Fatimah
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the relationship of social support and self esteem towards future orientation in the field of work Andikpas at Class III Bandung LPA. This study is using quantitative with correlational methods design. Determination of the subject (N = 48) in the study used a purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained by modifying the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale questionnaire made by Rosenberg, the social support questionnaire and the future orientation questionnaire in the field of work created by the researchers themselves from Weiss's social support characteristics and characteristics of future orientation created by Nurmi. The results of this study are: 1) social support among Andikpas friends, self esteem and future orientation in the field of work on Andikpas are in the medium category. 2) The results of the regression test of social support among Andikpas friends towards future orientation in the work field have a significance value of 0.042 which proves that there is a significant influence of the social support variables of Andikpas friends towards future orientation in the field of work on Andikpas. 3) The results of the self esteem regression test towards future orientation in the work field have a significance value of 0.333 which proves that there is no significant effect of the self esteem variable on future orientation in the work field at Andikpas.