bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors Of Outcome Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective Cohort Study In Uk Sports Medicine
Authors: Neal Bradley Stephen , Miller Stuart , Small Claire , Lack Simon David
Published: July 2019

Background/Aims

Following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, patients are reported to be at greater risk of re-rupture if they fail to meet structured discharge criteria. This prospective cohort study aimed to provide objective and subjective measures guiding safe return to play of amateur athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Methods

Primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients presenting to Pure Sports Medicine were invited to participate. Successful return to play was determined using the Patient-Specific Functional Scale at the primary end point (9/12 post-operative), with scores >8 indicating successful outcomes. Secondary data were collected at baseline (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Quality of Life), 3/12 (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Quality of Life, quadriceps and hamstrings dynamometry), 6/12 (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Quality of Life, quadriceps and hamstrings dynamometry, single/triple hop) and 9/12 post-operative (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Quality of Life, quadriceps and hamstrings dynamometry, single/triple hop and slalom run). Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between secondary data and the primary outcome.

Results

A total of 90 participants with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were recruited from March 2017 to June 2018, and 87 participants consented to baseline measures. To date, 29 participants have completed full data collection, with 12 participants determined to have a successful outcome. A lower hamstrings:quadriceps ratio in the contralateral limb at 3/12 post-operative (odds ratio: 0.005, 95% confidence interval: 0.001–0.89, P=0.045) and a higher Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Quality of Life score at 6/12 post-operative (odds ratio: 1.1, 95% confidence interval: 0.02–1.20, P=0.012) are associated with positive 9/12 post-operative outcomes.

Conclusions

Preliminary data analysis indicates that both hamstrings:quadriceps ratio function and participant psychology are associated with positive outcomes post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Association Between Dental Fear and Anxiety and Behavior Amongst Children During Their Dental Visit
Authors: Ummat Arshia , Dey Sreejeeta , Nayak P. Anupama , Joseph Nitin , Rao Ashwin , Karuna Y.M.
Published: July 2019

Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) serves as significant problem in child patient management as it leads to greater prevalence and increased severity of the disease associated with delayed dental visits. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively predict children dental behaviour and identify children at risk of Behaviour Management problems. Study of factors influencing DFA and its association with behaviour in children during first dental visit. The study included 209 children (5-14 years). DFA levels were assessed using 3 standardised questionnaires i.e. Facial Image Scale (FIS), Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), Children’s Fear Survey Schedule – Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). The behaviour of the child was then assessed using Frankl’s Behaviour Rating Scale (FBRS). The data were analysed, and a correlation was established between DFA and behaviour using statistical analysis. Presence of DFA according to FIS is 13.4%, according to DAS is 15.2% and according to CFSS-DS is 17.7%. Maximum participants showed positive behaviour (81.8%) according to FBRS. Factors causing maximum Dental anxiety according to DAS was anticipation of treatment (26.30%) and factor which caused maximum dental fear according to CFSS-DS was injections (45.4%). There is association between DFA and behaviour in children during first dental visit. This study will help assess the factors which lead to dental fear and anxiety in children and also find a correlation between dental fear and anxiety and behaviour management problems which can help the Paedodontist to predict various behaviour management problems and to avoid the factors which lead to them before the initiation of the dental treatment. This can lead to a decrease in the fear and anxiety levels of children which will further lead to better treatment and in turn better case management.
Possibilities of Logorhythmics in the Development of Preschoolers with Mental Retardation
Authors: Lakhtin A.Y. , Shmeleva S.V. , Gulyaev A.A. , Vakulenko A.N. , Logachev N.V.
Published: July 2019

Modern science is actively studying developmental disorders in preschool children with mental retardation. Many mechanisms for the formation of mental retardation in preschoolers have been elucidated. It is recognized that the preschool age is most favorable for the successful correction of the development of such children. Considering that the general development is directly related to the level of speech formation and the mental activity, it was decided to evaluate the corrective possibilities of logorhythmics in children with mental retardation. To assess the developmental characteristics of such children, a set of complementary research methods was applied in dynamics. It includes: the “House” method, the method of studying the sound-absorbing side of speech, the method of studying attention “Find the difference”, the method of studying thinking “Understanding pictures with hidden meaning”, the method of researching the level of vocabulary development and general awareness “Show and tell”. The author’s logorithmic correctional program showed its advantages in comparison with the traditional correction in relation to the development of personal, intellectual and speech development in children with mental retardation. This was confirmed during the comparison of the results of correction in the experimental and control groups, which proved that logopedic rhythmics is the preferred means of enhancing development in preschool children with mental retardation.
Parasagittal Meningioma Brain Tumor Classification System Based on Mri Images and Multi Phase Level Set Formulation
Authors: David D. Stalin
Published: July 2019

The most common type of brain tumor known as Meningioma arises from the meninges and encloses the spine and the brain inside the skull. It accounts for 30% of all types of brain tumor. Meningioma’s can occur in many parts of the brain and accordingly it is named. In this paper, we propose Meningioma brain tumor classification system using MRI image is developed . Firstly, based on the characteristics of MRI image and Chan-Vese model, we use multiphase level set method to get the interesting region. Therefore, we obtain two matrixes, in which one contains the whole cell's boundary, and the other contains the boundary of some cells. Secondly, with respect to the cells' boundary, it is necessary to further processing, which ensures the boundary of some cells is a discrete region. Mathematical Morphology brings a fancy result during the discrete processing. At last, we consider every discrete region according to the tumor's features to judge whether a tumor appears in the image or not. Our method has a desirable performance in the presence of common tumors. For some non-convex tumors, we utilized a traditional way (SVM and LBP) as a second processing, which increased the coverage and accuracy. Experiments show that our method has a high coverage without any learning-based classifiers for most common tumors, which saves a lot time and reduces a lot workload. Therefore, the proposed method has a good practical application for assisting physicians in detecting Meningiom tumors using MRI images.
Detection of Murmur from Non-Stationarity of Heart Sounds
Authors: Careena P. , Synthuja Jain Preetha M. Mary , Arun P.
Published: July 2019

Early diagnosis of heart diseases bears a major role in saving lives. Presence of spurious extra-frequency components, termed as murmurs within the phonocardiography record may be indicative of valvular disorders like stenosis, lesions or regurgitation. It is difficult to identify the subtitle spectral components of murmurs through subjective audition. In this paper, a technique is proposed to detect the presence of murmur from the heart signal by analyzing their non-stationarity behavior by using autocorrelation based features namely, Standard Error (SE) of Auto-Correlation Function (ACF) and absolute deviation of SE from the reciprocal of the square root of number of samples (β). The selected features corresponding to normal and murmur differ with a ‘P’ value of 1.80 x10-14 (dataset 1) and 2.20 x10-76 (dataset 2) for SE and β, respectively. It is found that SE and β could effectively distinguish normal and murmur with 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
Experimental Human Root Canal Irrigant NaOCl Against Enterococcus Faecalis and 3T3, and Determination of Cytotoxicity Effect
Authors: Kumar A. Ganesh , Joseph Baby , Nandagopal S. , Sankarganesh P. , Jagdish S. K.
Published: July 2019

The main aim of endodontic treatment is disinfection of root canal and to prevent chances of reinfection. The most commonly isolated species due to oral infections is Enterococcus faecalis. For nonsurgical endodontic procedures Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been the irrigant of choice. The mechanism by which endodontic irrigants induce cytotoxicity is still unclear. However, many studies clearly indicated that rapid expression of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to free radicals formation which results in cytotoxicity and cell death. Hence this study was done to determine the viability of cells and oxidative stress mediated by NaOCl, an endodontic irrigant. The irrigants were tested for their effect against fibroblast isolated from human primary buccal mucosa and against 3T3 Cell line. Antibacterial activity was performed against Enterococcus faecalis. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT. To determine the oxidative stress, total intracellular glutathione, superoxide radical scavenging activity, and catalase assays were performed. The MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) for the irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis was found to be 10 µl. 10 µl of NaOCl plain 5.2% produced the same effect as that of 10 μl of NaOCl plain 3%. The higher concentration of the irrigants decreased viability of the cells during dye exclusion assay. Enzyme based study showed there is a decrease in enzyme dehydrogenase when treat with irrigants. Glutathione, SOD level was increased gradually on 3T3 cells. But CAT level was increased when the irrigants concentration less. The results of this study indicated that endodontic irrigants were potentially controlling the Enterococcus faecalis and non-toxic/reduced viability of 3T3 cells by MTT which could be due to the oxidative stress and loss of cellular integrity probably due to the liberation of ROS evidenced by the alteration of antioxidant enzymes Glutathione, SOD and CAT.
Anticancer Activity of Cissus Quadrangularis L. Methanolic Extract Against MG63 Human Osteosarcoma Cells – An In-Vitro Evaluation using Cytotoxicity Assay
Authors: Suresh Parepalli , Xavier Alphienes Stanley , V. P. Karthik , K. Punnagai
Published: July 2019

Cissus quadrangularis has wide spectrum of benefits in medical conditions including bone disorders. Alcoholic extract of the plant displayed anticancer activity against cell lines derived from cervical, skin, colon, breast, as well as kidney cancers, and flavonoid fraction of the extract was found to be the active constituent for the activity. To evaluate the anticancer effects of Cissus quadrangularis leaf extract against MG63 human osteosarcoma cell line. MG63 cells were obtained from NCCS, Pune. The methanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis was prepared and its anticancer activity was tested in cell lines using Mossman method of cytotoxicity assay. The cell viability of MG63 cells ranged between 29.65% and 73.59% at an extract concentration from 1000µg/ml to 7.8µg/ml. The IC50 of extract revealed by this cytotoxicity assay was around 100 µg/ml. This study showed anticancerous activity of C.quadrangularis leaf extract against MG63 cells, which can be further characterized by future studies and aid in treatment of bone tumors.
Magnetically Retrievable Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Synthesis of 1-Oxo-hexahydroxanthenes
Authors: Kukade M.G. , Gavade N.L. , Kadam A.N. , Chandane W.B. , Garadkar K.M. , Bodake A.J.
Published: July 2019

In present study, magnetically separable cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4·NPs) have been prepared by low cost chemical precipitation method and reported as reusable, proficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 1-oxo-hexahydroxanthenes among other ferrites. The structural and morphological studies by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. The current protocol evaluated a proficient catalyst for reaction between various salicylaldehydes and 1,3-diketones. The ambient reaction conditions, shorter reaction time, good to excellent yields of the products, ease of purification of the products and reusa-bility of catalyst up to five catalytic cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity making the current protocol promising for its practical application.
STABILIZATION OF POLYETHYLENE BY NATURAL FILLERS AND THEIR EXTRACTS
Authors: Vorobyova Elena Valerievna , Prykhod'ko Elena Leonidovna
Published: July 2019

The possibility of using natural fillers, as well as their extracts as antioxidant additives for polyethylene, was studied. Dried and shredded buckwheat husk sowing (Fagopyrum esculentum), carposome of crab-of-the-woods (Laetiporus sulphureus), carposome of chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus), thallus of lichen of oakmoss (Everonia prunastri) were used as natural fillers. Polymer films were made from mixtures of powders of low-pressure polyethylene and natural fillers (the first type of samples) or from a mixture of polyethylene powder and an extract of natural fillers (the second type of samples) by thermal pressing. The degree of oxidation of polyethylene films was controlled by IR spectroscopy.
The paper shows that the stabilization of the polyethylene structure proved to be the most effective when used as an additive to the polymer of an extract of the oakmoss (Evernia prunastri). The result is attributed to the presence of secondary lichen metabolites in the extract. The introduction of dry residues of natural fillers proved to be ineffective for polymer stabilization.
Desenvolvimento de uma função hidropedológica para umidade volumétrica saturada de solos brasileiros
Authors: Costa Lorena Vila Bela , Soares Willames De Albuquerque
Published: July 2019

Propriedades hidráulicas do solo geralmente são de difícil aquisição e demandam bastante tempo e recursos financeiros. Nesse contexto, surgem as Funções Hidropedológicas (FHP) que são equações que por meio de modelos matemáticos predizem propriedades do solo a partir de dados de sua composição. Neste artigo, foi desenvolvida uma FHP para a estimativa da umidade volumétrica saturada tomando como base um banco de dados de 84 amostras de solos representativos do Brasil. Para a sua avaliação, o Modelo Proposto foi comparado com outras sete FHP, e ao final mostrou-se a mais eficiente para o caso estudado, já que obteve o melhor desempenho geral nos quatro parâmetros estatísticos aplicados. Verificou-se que a origem dos solos utilizados para o desenvolvimento das equações é fator influenciador na eficiência: modelos aplicados a solos com características pedológicas semelhantes aos utilizados na sua criação tendem a obter melhores resultados.
Qualidade da água: parâmetros e métodos mais utilizados para análise de água de recursos hídricos superficiais
Authors: Ramos Adolfo De Souza , Oliveira Vicente De Paulo Santos de , Araújo Thiago Moreira de Rezende
Published: July 2019

A preocupação com mensuração da qualidade da água tem adquirido cada vez mais destaque em âmbito mundial, face à crescente demanda de água para fins de abastecimento e uso agrícola, bem como a progressiva perda de potabilidade dos recursos hídricos disponíveis A definição da qualidade da água é dependente do uso pretendido, pois devem ser considerados parâmetros físico, químicos e biológicos distintos para cada caso. O CONAMA - Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente classificou os corpos hídricos em nove classes, conforme o valor máximo permitido de determinados parâmetros e o tipo de uso das águas (denominada com enquadramento), sendo um importante critério no gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos. Foi objetivo do presente trabalho realizar uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos científicos referentes à análise da qualidade de águas superficiais, publicados nos últimos cinco anos (2014 a 2018) em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Enfoque foi dado na verificação dos métodos empregados e os parâmetros mais comumente avaliados na caracterização da qualidade da água. Para pesquisa dos trabalhos consultados foram pesquisadas as seguintes palavras chave: “análise qualidade de água”, “análise parâmetro qualidade de água”, “caracterização qualidade de água”.  A tabulação dos dados originou gráficos de percentual de parâmetros analisados conforme a resolução CONAMA nº 357/2005. O cálculo do IQA apareceu em 25,5% dos artigos. O número de parâmetros estabelecidos pelo CONANA nº 357/05, demanda grande investimento. Os indicadores adotados pela ANA – Agência Nacional de Águas demandam poucos parâmetros para análise, porém nem sempre retratam a real condição do recurso hídrico, caso estejam contaminados por metais pesados, porém são ferramentas bastantes utilizadas para tomadas de decisões e gestão.
Late Imperialism
Authors: Foster John Bellamy
Published: July 2019

The globalization of production (and finance)—which emerged along with neoliberalism out of the economic stagnation of the mid–1970s and then accelerated with the demise of Soviet-type societies and China's reintegration into the capitalist world system—has generated a more generalized monopoly capitalism, ushering in what can be called late imperialism. Late imperialism refers to the present period of monopoly-finance capital and stagnation, declining U.S. hegemony and rising world conflict, accompanied by growing threats to the ecological bases of civilization and life itself. It stands at its core for the extreme, hierarchical relations governing the capitalist world economy in the twenty-first century, which is increasingly dominated by mega-multinational corporations and a handful of states at the center of the world system. Just as it is now common to refer to late capitalism in recognition of the end times brought on by simultaneous economic and ecological dislocations, so it is necessary today to speak of late imperialism, reflecting the global dimensions and contradictions of that system, cutting across all other divisions, and posing a "global rift" in human historical development: an epochal crisis posing the question of "ruin or revolution."
Neoliberal Capitalism at a Dead End
Authors: Patnaik Utsa , Patnaik Prabhat
Published: July 2019

Today, we not only have decades of neoliberalism behind us, but the neoliberal regime itself has reached a dead end. Contemporary imperialism has to be discussed within this setting. There are two main reasons why the regime of neoliberal globalization has run into a dead end. The first is an ex antetendency toward global overproduction; the second is that the only possible counter to this tendency within the regime is the formation of asset-price bubbles, which cannot be conjured up at will and whose collapse, if they do appear, plunges the economy back into a crisis. In short, there are no "markets on tap," to use the words of British economic historian Samuel Berrick Saul, for contemporary metropolitan capitalism, such as had been provided by colonialism prior to the First World War and by state expenditure in the post-Second World War period of dirigisme.
The New Imperialist Structure
Authors: Amin Samir
Published: July 2019

We have reached a level of centralization in capital's power of domination, such that the bourgeoisie's forms of existence and organization as known up to now have been completely transformed. Contemporary capitalism has become a capitalism of generalized monopolies. Monopolies no longer form islands in an ocean of corporations that are not monopolies—and consequently are relatively autonomous—but an integrated system, and consequently now tightly control all productive systems. Small and medium-sized companies, and even large ones that are not themselves formally owned by the oligopolies, are enclosed in networks of control established by the monopolies upstream and downstream. Consequently, their margin of autonomy has shrunk considerably. These production units have become subcontractors for the monopolies. This system of generalized monopolies is the result of a new stage in the centralization of capital in the countries of the triad that developed in the 1980s and '90s.
Imperialism in the Anthropocene
Authors: Foster John Bellamy , Holleman Hannah , Clark Brett
Published: July 2019

Today there can be no doubt about the main force behind our ongoing planetary emergency: the exponential growth of the capitalist world economy, particularly in the decades since the mid–twentieth century. The mere critique of capitalism as an abstract economic system, however, is insufficient in addressing today's environmental problems. Rather, it is necessary also to examine the structure of accumulation on a world scale, coupled with the division of the world into competing nation-states. Our planetary problems cannot realistically be addressed without tackling the imperialist world system, or globalized capitalism, organized on the basis of classes and nation-states, and divided into center and periphery. Today, this necessarily raises the question of imperialism in the Anthropocene.
TÜKETİCİLERİN ALIŞVERİŞ MERKEZİ TERCİH ETME UNSURLARININ İLİŞKİYİ SÜRDÜRME İSTEKLERİNE VE SADAKATE ETKİSİ: CAPACITY VE CAROUSEL ALIŞVERİŞ MERKEZİ ÖRNEKLERİ
Authors: BAKIR N. Ozan
Published: July 2019

Son zamanlarda tüketicilerin tüketim alışkanlıklarının değişmesi ve gelişmesi nedeniyle, perakende sektörü etkilenmiştir. Tüketicilerin yaşam tarzlarındaki değişiklikler alışveriş merkezine olan talebi arttırmıştır. Ülkemizde alışveriş merkezlerinin sayıca artması, yoğun bir rekabet ortamı getirmiştir. Bu nedenle, tüketicilerin alışveriş merkezlerini tercih etme unsurlarının tespit edilmesi önemli bir durum haline gelmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, tüketicilerin alışveriş merkezlerini tercih etme nedenlerinin, ilişkiyi sürdürme isteğine ve sadakate etkisinin incelenmesidir. Ayrıca, tüketicilerin alışveriş merkezlerini tercih etme nedenlerinin Carousel ve Capacity Alışveriş Merkezleri arasındaki farklılıkların tespit edilmesi araştırmanın yan amacını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma, İstanbul Avrupa yakasında yer alan Bakırköy ilçesinde olan iki alışveriş merkezinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplam 400 ziyaretçi ile yüz yüze anket yapılmıştır. Araştırmada tüketicilerin alışveriş merkezlerini tercih etme unsurları “çocuklara yönelik hizmetler”, “mağaza ve marka çeşitliliği”, “imaj ve iç mekân”, “çevre düzeni ve tasarım”, “özel günlerdeki aktiviteler”, otopark ve ulaşım” ve “iç mekânda rahatlık ve kolaylık sağlayan hizmetler” olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca ilişkiyi sürdürme isteği ile sadakat arasında kuvvetli ve pozitif yönde bir korelasyon olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Short- and long-term results of percutaneous full-endoscopic and microsurgical lumbar discectomy: prospective cohort study
Authors: Kravtsov M. N. , Mirzametov S. D. , Malakhovskiy V. N. , Alekseyeva N. P. , Gaidar B. V. , Svistov D. V.
Published: July 2019

Objective. To analyze immediate and long-term results of percutaneous endoscopic and microsurgical discectomy.

Material and Methods. A prospective cohort study in two groups of patients was conducted in 2015–2018. The observation period was 6–42 months. Group 1 included 110 patients who underwent percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, and Group 2 – 331 patients who underwent microdiscectomy. Efficiency was assessed using NRS-11, ODI, SF-36, and MacNab questionnaires.

Results. The operating time, bed day number, and disability period were shorter in Group 1 (p < 0.001). The average effective dose of radiation exposure to the patient was 4.4 mSv in transforaminal endoscopy, and 0.8 mSv in interlaminar and microsurgical discectomy. There were no significant intergroup differences in frequency and types of complications and reoperations. The portion of symptomatic hernia recurrence in Group 1 was 10 %, in Group 2 – 4.8 %. Significant differences in neurological outcomes and quality of life were not revealed. Good and excellent outcomes according to MacNab criteria were noted in 78.2 % and 84.9 %, in Groups 1 and 2, respectively.

Conclusion. The percutaneous endoscopic discectomy allows reducing hospital stay length and disability period, while having clinical efficacy equal to that of other disectomy methods. A statistically insignificant increase in the risk of hernia recurrence after percutaneous endoscopic discectomy was noted.
Efficiency of using polyacrylic acid silver salt in decompression and stabilization surgery on the lumbar spine involving 1 to 3 segments
Authors: Kolesov S. V. , Grin A. A. , Slinyakov L. Y. , Morozova N. S. , Gorbatyuk D. S. , Zheltyakov O. E.
Published: July 2019

Objective. To determine possible effect of the preparation of an incomplete polyacrylic acid silver salt on the volume of intraoperative and postoperative blood loss in open posterior surgery on the spine involving up to three segments.

Material and Methods. Study design: randomized prospective multicenter cohort analysis. Level of evidence – IIb. The study was based on 90 patients aged 27 to 65 years who underwent decompression and stabilization surgical interventions on the lumbar spine through posterior median approach using transpedicular fixation system with fixation of up to three vertebrae. A comparison of perioperative blood loss volume in patients with local application of polyacrylic acid silver salt and without it was performed.

Results. The volume of inraoperative blood loss (the sample was described using the mean value and standard deviation M ± σ) in the study group was 258.1 ± 164.5 ml (min 90; max 890), in the control group – 405.5 ± 157.9 ml (min 190; max 950). The postoperative blood loss through drainage (M ± σ) was 81.500 ± 77.046 ml (min 20; max 400) in the study group, 151.560 ± 74.745 (min 20; max 600) in the control group. Comparison of both intraoperative and postoperative blood loss according to the Mann-Whitney U-test confirms the high statistical significance of differences (p < 0.01), which suggests the effectiveness of the preparation.

Conclusion. The use of incomplete polyacrylic acid silver salt in decompression and stabilization interventions on the lumbar spine involving 1 to 3 segments can effectively reduce the volume of blood loss both during surgery and in the postoperative period.
Defining the Concept of Risk Applied in Entrepreneurship. Conceptual Delimitation Risk - Entrepreneurial Uncertainty
Authors: Alexandru Tărăbîc Andrei
Published: July 2019

Even though in many cases the terms of risk and uncertainty are similar, they have to be delimited to understand the meaning of each, individual, as accurately as possible. The two terms are combined in different situations. No matter how well the risk is managed, uncertainty cannot be removed because all possible situations and interdependencies cannot be taken into account. Thus, a source of risk can be considered uncertainty in itself if it is based on poor quality information about the actual internal or external situation of the company. Also, in my conclusion, traditional financial theory distinguishes between systematic risk and particular risk, which reaches the company’s overall risk. Investors can reduce total risk with the two primary risk management instruments, namely diversification and asset allocation.
Fragment of an Ottoman forged gold coin found near the train station Louny předměstí. Notes to forging activities focused on the Ottoman gold sultani during the Thirty Years War
Authors: Novák Vlastimil
Published: July 2019

In 2016, one half of a copper gilded coin was found single near the train station Louny předměstí (Louny district). Its prototype corresponds with an Ottoman gold denomination sultani struck under the Sultan Suleyman I (AH 926–974/AD 1520–1566). The name of the ruler and his father were identified, but the enthronization date and the mint-name are located out of the preserved area. The ED XRF analysis confirmed solid copper basis and process of gilding in fire. With high probability, the fake is connected with serious need of gold during the Thirty Years War (and the period closely after that), and it is very likely of the local (Central European) provenance. Bohemian, Moravian and Hungarian contexts of forging activities during the Thirty Years War are analyzed, relevant archaeological and numismatic evidence is summarized.
Representation of a quotient of solutions of a four-term linear recurrence relation in the form of a branched continued fraction
Authors: Bilanyk I.B. , Bodnar D.I. , Buyak L.
Published: July 2019

The quotient of two linearly independent solutions of a four-term linear recurrence relation is represented in the form of a branched continued fraction with two branches of branching by analogous with continued fractions. Formulas of partial numerators and partial denominators of this branched continued fraction are obtained. The solutions of the recurrence relation are canonic numerators and canonic denominators of $\mathcal{B}$-figured approximants. Two types of figured approximants $\mathcal{A}$-figured and $\mathcal{B}$-figured are often used. A $n$th $\mathcal{A}$-figured approximant of the branched continued fraction is obtained by adding a next partial quotient to the $(n-1)$th $\mathcal{A}$-figured approximant. A $n$th $\mathcal{B}$-figured approximant of the branched continued fraction is a branched continued fraction that is a part of it and contains all those elements that have a sum of indexes less than or equal to $n$. $\mathcal{A}$-figured approximants are widely used in proving of formulas of canonical numerators and canonical denominators in a form of a determinant, $\mathcal{B}$-figured approximants are used in solving the problem of corresponding between multiple power series and branched continued fractions. A branched continued fraction of the general form cannot be transformed into a constructed branched continued fraction. For calculating canonical numerators and canonical denominators of a branched continued fraction with $N$ branches of branching, $N>1$, the linear recurrent relations do not hold. $\mathcal{B}$-figured convergence of the constructed fraction in a case when coefficients of the recurrence relation are real positive numbers is investigated.
Algebraic basis of the algebra of block-symmetric polynomials on $\ell_1 \oplus \ell_{\infty}$
Authors: Kravtsiv V.V.
Published: July 2019

We consider so called block-symmetric polynomials on sequence spaces $\ell_1\oplus \ell_{\infty}, \ell_1\oplus c, \ell_1\oplus c_0,$ that is, polynomials which are symmetric with respect to permutations of elements of the sequences. It is proved that every continuous block-symmetric polynomials on $\ell_1\oplus \ell_{\infty}$ can be uniquely represented as an algebraic combination of some special block-symmetric polynomials, which form an algebraic basis. It is interesting to note that the algebra of block-symmetric polynomials is infinite-generated while $\ell_{\infty}$ admits no symmetric polynomials. Algebraic bases of the algebras of block-symmetric polynomials on $\ell_1\oplus \ell_{\infty}$ and $\ell_1\oplus c_0$ are described.
El trabajo en equipo: una alternativa para el cambio de la cultura institucional
Authors: Flochová Luptáková Monika
Published: July 2019

Los sujetos que conforman una institución deben organizarse para trabajar en equipos. En lo interno de esas agrupaciones surgen líderes, jerarquías, se asignan tareas, se cumplen evaluaciones. En otras palabras, el grupo construye una cultura que incide directamente en los procesos y productos de su trabajo. La autora nos presenta varias alternativas para obtener mayor provecho de las labores grupales. Por lo tanto, se trata de un artículo de utilidad para los docentes de los diversos niveles, desde el preescolar hasta la educación superior, así como a administradores de instituciones públicas y privadas.
Completeness of Written Discharge Guidance for English- and Spanish-Speaking Patient Families
Authors: Platter Erin , Hamline Michelle Y. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Fernandez y Garcia Erik , Rosenthal Jennifer L.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Written discharge guidance for hospitalized pediatric patients should include language-appropriate key elements to ensure positive discharge outcomes. Our objective in this study was to determine the completeness of written pediatric discharge guidance and to test the hypothesis that Spanish-speaking families with limited English proficiency (LEP) receive less complete written discharge guidance than English-speaking families.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective review of written discharge guidance provided to 100 English- and 100 Spanish-speaking families at an urban nonfreestanding children’s hospital to assess the inclusion of key elements: follow-up plan, contingency plan, telephone contact, discharge medications, discharge diagnosis, and hospital course. We compared the completeness of discharge guidance (number of elements provided among number of applicable elements) between English- versus Spanish-speaking families.

RESULTS:

When evaluating discharge guidance for the presence of key elements in any language, there was no significant difference between English- and Spanish-speaking families. However, the mean completeness of language-appropriate discharge guidance for English- and Spanish-speaking families was 87.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 84.4%–91.1%) and 16.0% (95% CI 11.5%–20.4%), respectively. The ordinal logistic regression examining the association between the number of key element deficits and English- (reference group) versus Spanish-speaking families demonstrated an adjusted odds ratio of 339.8 (95% CI 112.4–1027.5).

CONCLUSIONS:

Few Spanish-speaking families with LEP receive written discharge guidance in their preferred language. Complete, language-appropriate discharge guidance was identified as an area for improvement efforts to work toward improving care provided to families with LEP.
NICU Diet, Physical Growth and Nutrient Accretion, and Preterm Infant Brain Development
Authors: Belfort Mandy Brown , Ramel Sara E.
Published: July 2019

Half of very preterm infants experience neurodevelopmental impairments after NICU discharge. These adverse outcomes result in part from abnormal brain development and injury that occur during the NICU hospitalization. Although many factors influence infant brain development, nutritional determinants are of particular interest because they are highly modifiable within clinical care. Physical growth of preterm infants in the NICU continues to lag behind the reference fetus, suggesting reduced nutrient accretion during a critical period for brain development. Nutrient accretion is driven by intake of specific nutrients such as macro- and micronutrients as well as non-nutritional factors such as systemic inflammation. Most often, anthropometric indicators, such as weight, length, and head circumference, are used as proxies for nutrient accretion. A limitation of weight is that it does not differentiate the healthy growth of specific organs and tissues from excess fat accumulation. Body length provides information about skeletal growth, and linear growth stunting predicts neurodevelopmental impairment. Head circumference is only a crude proxy for brain size. More recently, application of new technologies such as air displacement plethysmography and magnetic resonance imaging has allowed the direct estimation of lean tissue accretion and brain growth in the NICU. These newer techniques can facilitate research to improve our understanding of the links among the NICU diet, inflammation, physical growth, and brain development. These new measures may also be relevant within clinical care to identify infants who may benefit from specific interventions to enhance nutrient accretion and brain development.
Gait Characteristics of Children Born Preterm
Authors: Albesher Reem A. , Spittle Alicia J. , McGinley Jennifer L. , Dobson Fiona L.
Published: July 2019

Walking is a central skill of daily living. A delay in the onset of walking can be a sign of abnormal motor development. Further, abnormalities in gait can also affect physical functioning. Children born preterm are at significant risk for neurodevelopmental impairments; however, little is known about how preterm birth affects walking. This review describes current evidence of walking in children born preterm with a focus on the age at onset of walking and comparisons of gait characteristics of children born preterm with those born full-term.
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: An Overview for Primary Care Providers
Authors: Javed Rabia , Cetta Frank , Said Sameh M. , Olson Timothy M. , O'Leary Patrick W. , Qureshi Muhammad Yasir
Published: July 2019

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is one of the most complex congenital heart diseases and requires several cardiac surgeries for survival. The diagnosis is usually established prenatally or shortly after birth. Each stage of surgery poses a unique hemodynamic situation that requires deeper understanding to manage common pediatric problems such as dehydration and respiratory infections. Careful multidisciplinary involvement in the care of these complex patients is improving their outcome; however, morbidity and mortality are still substantial. In this review, we focus on the hemodynamic aspects of various surgical stages that a primary care provider should know to manage these challenging patients.
Aquella inexplorada region de San Carlos
Authors: Hilje Quirós Luko
Published: July 2019

Debido a su valor histórico, geográfico, biológico y agronómico, se transcribe aquí el documento Informe sobre el viaje al río San Carlos, publicado en el diario oficial La Gaceta en mayo de 1892. Fue escrito por el experto salvadoreño David J. Guzmán, contratado por el gobierno de Costa Rica como el coordinador nacional para la Exposición Universal de Chicago, realizada en 1893. Además de interpretar varios aspectos de su contenido mediante notas, el documento se complementa con información acerca de los primeros exploradores que recorrieron o estudiaron la región de San Carlos, en Alajuela, Costa Rica.
“El baile de los diablitos“ en Boruca: Magia vs Dominación
Authors: Castro Incera Denis , Guevara Chaves Alejandra
Published: July 2019

En este trabajo se realiza una descripción e interpretación de “El baile de los diablitos“ en Boruca. Ritual queaño con año permite revitalizar las tradiciones locales en una fiesta de resistencia y sobrevivencia.
La narrativa de Lisímaco Chavarría
Authors: Rodríguez Cascante Francisco
Published: July 2019

La narrativa del escritor modernista costarricense Lisímaco ChavarríaPalma (1873-1913) es un entramado discursivo que articula tresorientaciones. La primera tiene que ver con textos de caráctercostumbrista. En esta tendencia se ubican: “Incidentes de donPancracio (1901), “Serenata campestre” (1903) y “Dormido” (1905). Lasegunda tendencia agrupa textos con referencias intertextualesclásicas, todos, menos “Omar, el pescador” (1902) publicados enNómadas (1905): “Venganza de Isis”, “Triunfo de Cleopatra” y“Artémida”. La tercera orientación consiste en relecturas bíblicas,también textos de Nómadas: “Susana”, “El bautista”, “Magdalena”, “Elbuen ladrón”, “En Gethsemaní” y “En el tabor”.En este artículo se estudian estos tres caminos de la narrativa escritapor Lisímaco Chavarría. En primer lugar, se presta atención a losrelatos costumbristas y a sus preocupaciones estéticas e ideológicas,para, posteriormente, analizar las representaciones orientalistas delsegundo grupo de relatos. En este nivel, se da cuenta de las fuentes de tales discursos yde sus reelaboraciones de personajes y acontecimientos históricos. Finalmente, seconsideran los cuentos que efectúan relecturas de pasajes y personajes bíblicos, paraenfatizar dos vertientes: una que se distancia del texto original para amplificar, mediantela erotización, la imagen de la mujer; y otra que se apega más al modelo sagrado con elfin de insistir en el paradigma moral de dicho texto.
La representación del espacio nacional en la pintura ''Calzón Rojo'' (1998) de Rafael Ángel ''Felo'' García
Authors: Montero Rodríguez Daniel
Published: July 2019

Temporalmente, la investigación abarca el año de 1998, cuando la pintura “Calzón rojo” es creada. Al mismo tiempo, se presenta dentro del marco temporal de transformaciones sociales y culturales del proceso modernizador costarricense, permitiendo definir la contextualización de la obra en el periodo de fin de siglo XX y sirviendo de aporte al desarrollo historiográfico de la pintura en Costa Rica. Con la perspectiva del espacio temporal en el cual se analiza el paisaje urbano del artista en estudio, es necesario establecer el espacio físico donde se enmarcará la investigación. El espacio nacional, en Costa Rica, es una imagen que a lo largo de la historia del país se ha centralizado en el Valle Central, como reflejo de la identidad nacional; asimismo, se ha sostenido como idea fija según un imaginario colectivo que sustenta la creencia del “mito” como real. Los trabajos del artista, al ser creados dentro del Valle Central y al perfilarse este lugar como coincidente con la concepción del espacio nacional en Costa Rica, fungen como fundamento para estudiar la representación mítica de esta imagen de “lo costarricense”. El estudio que entenderá el espacio nacional en Costa Rica, como representación dentro de la obra pictórica “Calzón rojo” de “Felo” García, no solo se prevé como innovadora, sino, a la vez proporciona un aporte tanto social como cultural, al estudiar la construcción histórico-artístico del país a finales del siglo XX y como precedente cultural de los inicios del siglo XXI.
Los ”envueltos” de Baños como patrimonio gastronómico de Cuenca (Ecuador)
Authors: Novillo Verdugo Miguel Ángel , Sinchi Lojano Elsa Rosario
Published: July 2019

Baños es una parroquia rural de Cuenca (Ecuador) culturalmentediversa donde, de forma paulatina, sus prácticas y tradiciones se transforman o desaparecen, generando olvido, pérdida y ausencia de identidad. De esta manera, es necesario registrar y traer a la actualidad ciertos hechos que forman parte de la historia local, partiendo del estudio de los denominados envueltos (timbulos, chaquis, humas y tamales) y su relación directa con la cocina, la gastronomía y la alimentación como componente de la memoria y el patrimonio. Para tal efecto, se realizaron entrevistas a las actoras de estas actividades, quienes por medio de la memoria y la oralidad nos dan cuenta de ese pasado.
La fuente y el girasol: 150 años de historia
Authors: Vargas Zamora José
Published: July 2019

El 25 de octubre de 1868 fue inaugurada la primera cañería de la ciudad de San José. La tubería culminaba en la Plaza Principal de la ciudad, en donde el agua emanaba de la fuente de Cupido y el Cisne. La fuente, la tubería y la valla para la Plaza fueron importadas desde Inglaterra. En este escrito hacemos uso de imágenes en billetes, monedas y medallas, para ilustrar los eventos relacionados con dicha fuente, especialmente el impacto de la exportación del café a Europa y su influencia en el modo de vida de los ciudadanos de mediados del siglo XIX. La fuente fue el punto de referencia para el pueblo y para los estudiantes de la cercana Universidad de Santo Tomás, fundada en 1844. En 1944 la fuente fue trasladada a la primera sede la Universidad de Costa Rica fundada en 1940. Años después la fuente fue reparada e instalada en el campus central de la Universidad, donde hoy es un símbolo institucional. Este escrito es parte de la celebración del 150 aniversario de la llegada a Costa Rica de Cupido y el Cisne.
MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN TEKNIS FUNGSIONAL PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU DI BALAI DIKLAT KEAGAMAAN
Authors: Padilah Ipah Parihah , Suryana Yaya
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manajemen diklat di Balai Diklat Keagamaan Bandung yang mencakup profil, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, faktor pendukung dan penghambat penyelenggaraan diklat, serta hasil menejemen penyelenggaraan diklat teknis fungsional peningkatan kompetensi guru di Balai Diklat Keagamaan Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi dan menyalin dokumen. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis dengan penafsiran deskriftif semata-mata. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Manajemen Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Teknis Fungsional Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru di Balai Diklat Keagamaan Bandung terdiri dari perencanaan yang meliputi:   (1) analisis kebutuhan diklat, (2) rapat kerja, (3) rapat koordinasi, (4) startegi pendekatan, dan (5) penyusunan bahan. Pelaksanaan diklat dilakukan melalui: (1) tahap persiapan, (2) tahap pelaksanaan dan (3) tahap pelaporan. Evaluasi yang terdiri dari: (1) evaluasi terhadap peserta, (2) evaluasi terhadap Widyaiswara, dan (3) evaluasi terhadap penyelenggara.
GREEN CHEMISTRY-BASED EXPERIMENTS AS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT VALUES
Authors: Paristiowati Maria , Zulmanelis Zulmanelis , Nurhadi Muhamad Fazar
Published: July 2019

The development of a chemistry experiment based on green chemistry aims to train and familiarize students to save on the use of chemicals, replace them with safer materials and minimize waste generated from experimental activities. Research and development methods are used to develop experimental modules based on green chemistry. The stages of research and development consist of needs analysis, product development, and product testing. The developed experiment module, implements three principles of green chemistry, i.e. preventing waste, safer chemical planning and safe use of solvents. The feasibility test by expert judgement on the material and media obtained scores 91.9% and 94.7% respectively. The results of the trials in small groups and large groups showed that the developed module was feasible to use. Student perceptions after using the module show positive results. The conclusions from the results of the feasibility test and the trial conducted indicate that the green chemistry-based kinetics' module has good criteria and in accordance with the wishes and needs of students. In addition, the implementation of this module in the kinetics experiment succeeded in making students understand and apply the principles of green chemistry. As many as 90% of students realize that there is a relationship between the application of the principles of green chemistry and the educational paradigm for sustainable development. The use of kinetics' module based on green chemistry also saved the cost of experiment material requirements by 75% per year.