bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A filter-assisted culture method for isolation of Treponema spp. from bovine digital dermatitis and their identification by MALDI-TOF MS
Authors: Brodard Isabelle , Alsaaod Maher , Gurtner Corinne , Jores Joerg , Steiner Adrian , Kuhnert Peter
Published: April 2021

Digital dermatitis (DD) is a major infectious foot disease of cattle worldwide. Some DD stages are associated with lameness, and the disease has significant economic and animal welfare consequences. The pathogenesis of the disease is not yet fully understood, but Treponema spp. have been associated consistently with clinical cases. Isolation of these fastidious bacteria is difficult and cumbersome. We describe an improved method enabling the culturing of the 3 Treponema spp. ( T. pedis, T. phagedenis, and T. medium) from bovine foot specimens derived from DD lesions, using a combination of membrane filtering and subsequent growth on selective agar media. The entire procedure from sampling to verification of individual Treponema spp. takes up to 24 d. In addition, we established a MALDI-TOF MS–based identification method to be applied for confirmation of the different Treponema spp. This scheme provides an unambiguous, simple, and straightforward identification procedure for DD-associated Treponema spp.
Strategic Place-Making and Public Scientific Outreach in the American Chemical Society’s National Historic Chemical Landmarks Program
Authors: Mann Benjamin W. , Krall Madison A. , Parks Melissa M. , Krebs Emily , Maison Kourtney , Jensen Robin E.
Published: April 2021

This article investigates place-making—a process involving appeals to embodiment, materiality, and spatial arrangement—as a means for building communicative relationships between technical scientific communities and lay publics. Drawing from discourses related to the National Historic Chemical Landmark Program’s 89 landmarks, we illustrate how the National Historic Chemical Landmark Program builds different types of relationships with nonexperts via the utilization of place as (a) narrative framing device, (b) proprietor, and (c) gatekeeper. These findings reveal the ways in which specific strategic place-making gestures can support more or less public engagement in the processes of scientific work and outreach.
Use of Social Network Analysis to Identify Popular Opinion Leaders for a Youth-Led Sexual Violence Prevention Initiative
Authors: Edwards Katie M. , Banyard Victoria L. , Waterman Emily A. , Hopfauf Skyler L. , Shin Hee-Sung , Simon Briana , Valente Thomas W.
Published: April 2021

In the current article, we describe an innovative sexual violence (SV) prevention initiative that used social network analysis to identify youth and adult popular opinion leaders who were subsequently trained in best practices in SV prevention (e.g., bystander intervention) at a kickoff event (i.e., camp) of the initiative. We provide information on recruitment strategies, participation rates and how those rates varied by some demographic factors, reasons for nonattendance, the initial impact of the camp, and lessons learned. Despite challenges with youth and adult engagement, this innovative approach has the potential to transform the way we approach SV prevention among youth.
Predictive and prognostic biomarkers with therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer: A 2021 update on current development, evidence, and recommendation
Authors: Chung Clement
Published: April 2021

Although therapeutically actionable molecular alterations are widely distributed across many cancer types, only a handful of them show evidence of clinical utility and are recommended for routine clinical practice in the management of cancers of colon and rectum (CRC). This 2021 update aims to provide a succinct summary on the use of prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers (expanded RAS, BRAF, microsatellite-high [MSI-H] or deficient mismatch repair [dMMR], neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase [ NTRK] fusion genes, and human epidermal growth factor receptor type II [ HER2] gene amplification) associated with CRC. Therapeutic implications of each relevant predictive or prognostic biomarker for patients with CRC are described, along with discussion on new developments on (1) biomarker-driven therapies such as testing of BRAF, MLH1 promoter methylation and MMR germline genes in differentiating sporadic CRC or hereditary conditions such as Lynch syndrome; (2) first-line use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic CRC; (3) risk stratification and therapy selection based on primary tumor location (left-sided vs. right-sided colon cancer); (3) atypical BRAF mutations; (4) use of EGFR directed therapy in the perioperative oligometastatic disease setting; (5) re-challenge of EGFR directed therapy and (6) personalizing therapy of fluoropyrimidine and irinotecan based on new evidence in pharmacogenomic testing. Data are collected and analyzed from available systematic reviews and meta-analyses of treatments with known therapeutic targets in CRC, which may be associated with predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers. Discussions are presented in an application-based format, with goal to empower pharmacists or other clinicians to gain awareness and understanding in biomarker-driven cancer therapy issues.
Book review: Preeti Raghunath. Community Radio Policies in South Asia: A Deliberative Policy Ecology Approach
Authors: Jena Aniruddha
Published: April 2021

Preeti Raghunath. Community Radio Policies in South Asia: A Deliberative Policy Ecology Approach. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, XXIII+363 pp., ₹8,215 (hardback) and ₹7,476 (Kindle Edition). ISBN: 9789811556289.
Divided discourse: Establishing a methods-centered approach to latrinalia research
Authors: Marine Jonathan , Biller Brandon , Tuckley Lauren
Published: April 2021

Past research on bathroom graffiti (latrinalia) has utilized disparate collection and analysis methodologies. Here, we seek to devise a rigorous, unified methodological framework for the collection and analysis of latrinalia. We begin by reviewing the disjointed methodological approaches and findings of previous research on bathroom graffiti in order to trace the limitations which prevent generalizability across datasets in comparable, meaningful ways. We also target some of the specific arguments and research questions presented in previous studies. Then, using study of bathroom graffiti, we sketch a replicable, scalable methodological framework for studying bathroom graffiti in order to analyze the discourse of a large corpus of latrinalia collected from the bathrooms of George Mason University in Virginia. This article as a whole illustrates that until the field aligns collection and analysis methods – defining what constitutes discourse, collecting data from male and female bathrooms, and accounting for the number of buildings, restrooms, and stalls – the seminal questions of the field will never be adequately addressed. We conclude by discussing the limitations of our research design and pointing toward potential future directions in latrinalia research.
From critical reflection to critical professional practice: Addressing the tensions between critical and hegemonic perspectives
Authors: Timor-Shlevin Shachar , Aharon Tamar , Segev Sharon , Mazor Shani , Ishai Emily
Published: April 2021

Critical reflection processes are fundamental to critical social work practice. Nevertheless, these processes have been criticized for lacking a coherent translation to direct professional practice. Existing models of critical reflection culminate in the formulation of critical professional perspectives, leaving the translation of critical perspectives into direct practice underdeveloped. This gap requires attention, specifically in the contemporary context of social services that operate under the hegemony of conservative and neoliberal discourses, which impede critical rationality and practice. Therefore, a nuanced conceptualization of the process that links critical reflection and critical practice is required. This article provides such a conceptualization by describing an undergraduate social work course that used a collaborative inquiry group to explore critical participatory practices. Building on our collaborative inquiry experiences and findings, we portray a process that included critical reflection, direct critical practice, and the development of a critical professional perspective. Based on the conceptual framework of action science, our conceptualization demonstrates how the process of addressing the tension between critical and hegemonic perspectives enables professionals to create critical practice within the hegemonic field. In this way, we provide a theoretical contribution to the construction of critical reflection models and a practical contribution to professional developmental processes that promote critical professionalism.
Connecting in resettlement: An examination of social support among Congolese women in the United States
Authors: Wachter Karin , Gulbas Lauren E , Snyder Susanna
Published: April 2021

This article examines how refugees rebuild social support in resettlement from the perspectives of women who fled the Democratic Republic of Congo and ultimately resettled in the U.S. The qualitative study involved in-depth individual interviews in 2016 with 27 adult women who lived in a mid-size U.S. town. The findings shed light on strategies women engaged to rebuild social support in a resettlement context. Using an inductive analytical approach, researchers identified five inter-related themes: (1) reconfiguring family support; (2) engaging multiple sources for practical support; (3) accessing mentorship; (4) attending places of worship; and (5) sustaining a relationship with God. Additionally, the analysis revealed crosscutting types and sources of social support women sought and valued in resettlement. Types of social support included emotional, informational, mentorship, practical, relational, and spiritual. Sources of social support included family and loved ones spanning local, national, and transnational geographies, God, neighbors, places of worship, and the resettlement agency. These findings contribute to developing context-specific conceptualizations of social support, with implications for research and practice.
Examining the contribution of near real-time data for rapid seismic loss assessment of structures
Authors: Tubaldi Enrico , Ozer Ekin , Douglas John , Gehl Pierre
Published: April 2021

This study proposes a probabilistic framework for near real-time seismic damage assessment that exploits heterogeneous sources of information about the seismic input and the structural response to the earthquake. A Bayesian network is built to describe the relationship between the various random variables that play a role in the seismic damage assessment, ranging from those describing the seismic source (magnitude and location) to those describing the structural performance (drifts and accelerations) as well as relevant damage and loss measures. The a priori estimate of the damage, based on information about the seismic source, is updated by performing Bayesian inference using the information from multiple data sources such as free-field seismic stations, global positioning system receivers and structure-mounted accelerometers. A bridge model is considered to illustrate the application of the framework, and the uncertainty reduction stemming from sensor data is demonstrated by comparing prior and posterior statistical distributions. Two measures are used to quantify the added value of information from the observations, based on the concepts of pre-posterior variance and relative entropy reduction. The results shed light on the effectiveness of the various sources of information for the evaluation of the response, damage and losses of the considered bridge and on the benefit of data fusion from all considered sources.
Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair With Additional Distal Bare Stents in Type B Aortic Dissection Does Not Prevent Long-Term Aneurysmal Degeneration
Authors: Mascia Daniele , Rinaldi Enrico , Salvati Simone , Melloni Andrea , Kahlberg Andrea , Bertoglio Luca , Monaco Fabrizio , Chiesa Roberto , Melissano Germano
Published: April 2021

Purpose:

TEVAR (thoracic endovascular aortic repair) + PETTICOAT (Provisional ExTension to Induce COmplete ATtachment) technique has been selectively employed since 2005 at our institution during endovascular treatment of type B aortic dissection (TBD). The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term (>5 years) clinical results and the evolution of aortic volume.

Materials and Methods:

All the patients receiving an endovascular treatment for TBD with the PETTICOAT technique were collected in a prospectively maintained database and follow-up computed tomography scan were retrospectively analyzed. Study endpoints included short- and long-term clinical success (absence of need for reintervention) and any major adverse event. The volumes of thoracic and abdominal aorta at long-term follow-up were also analyzed.

Results:

Twenty-eight patients received a TEVAR + PETTICOAT and were followed up (median follow-up 85 months). Primary 30-day clinical success rate was 82% with an adverse event rate of 31%; 4 type I endoleak and 1 retrograde dissection were recorded. Secondary mid-term clinical success was 96% while the long-term clinical success rate was 79%. Six cases (21%) received either an open repair or an endovascular repair for a significant distal aortic enlargement at follow-up. With regards to volumetric analysis, an increase of overall (thoracic and abdominal) aortic volume was observed in 8 cases mainly related to an increase (mean: +31%) of the abdominal volume that was observed in 11 cases.

Conclusions:

PETTICOAT technique does not protect from long-term significant aneurysmal degeneration that may require aortic open or endovascular reinterventions. Aortic growth occurs mainly in the bare-stented aorta and thus, life-long surveillance is advisable in these patients.
The Fourth Wall and “The Wall”: GoT’s Reception in Argentina, Spain, and Germany
Authors: García-Rapp Florencia
Published: April 2021

HBO’s global success, Game of Thrones (2011–2019), is known for having an active international fan base. In this qualitative interpretive study of the show’s reception in Spain, Germany, and Argentina, I examine themes emerged from interviews with twenty-one viewers. I interpret their readings on the series together with online and offline engagement practices. Rather than marked cultural contrasts, the study identifies common patterns across nations: varying degrees of analytic and emotional engagement leading to diverse fan subjectivities within their “locality.” Theoretically, I draw from Mittell as well as Jenkins et al. to argue how GoT provides an arena for casual viewers and die-hard fans to move on both axes of engagement: drillability and spreadability. To finalize, I reflect on dominant academic discourses that reinforce notions of proper fandom and propose to apply anthropology’s cultural relativism and respect for the emic perspective to acknowledge agency.
Exploring the Safety, Effectiveness, and Cost-Effectiveness of a Chinese Patent Medicine (Fufang E’jiao Syrup) for Alleviating Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial
Authors: Song Zhuo , Sun Ling-yun , Gu Shan-shan , Zhu Xiao-shu , Lai He-zheng , Lu Fang , Cui Ning , Li Qiong-yang , Wu Yu , Xu Yun
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To provide higher level evidence on the benefits of a Chinese patent medicine (CPM) (Fufang E’jiao Syrup, FFEJS) for alleviating cancer-related fatigue (CRF), this article describes a protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Methods/design:

We designed a double-blind, placebo-controlled stratified permuted block randomization clinical trial on CRF among 3 types of cancer in China. Participants will be equally allocated to FFEJS group or placebo group according to the randomization sequence and the hospitals they were enrolled at. Each patient will receive 20 ml of either the study formula FFEJS or a placebo formula, 3 times a day for 6 weeks. The follow-up period will be another 4 weeks for safety evaluation. The primary outcome is the difference in improvement of fatigue as measured with the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale-Chinese Version (RPFS-CV). Secondary outcomes include change in fatigue (measured by routine blood panel and hormones in peripheral blood) and QoL (measured by Edmonton symptom assessment scale and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy). Patient safety will be measured by liver, renal or cardiac damage, and the risk of FFEJS having a tumor promotion and progression effect will be monitored throughout this study. Cost-effectiveness will also be evaluated mainly by incremental cost per each quality-adjusted life year gained.

Discussion:

This article describes the study design of a CPM for CRF in patients with advanced cancer through exploring the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of FFEJS.

Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04147312. Registered on 1 Sep 2019.
The Etiology of Infertility Affects Fertility Quality of Life of Males Undergoing Fertility Workup and Treatment
Authors: Warchol-Biedermann Katarzyna
Published: April 2021

This panel study explored the effects of male, female, mixed, or idiopathic factor of infertility on the fertility quality of life (FertiQoL) in involuntarily childless males undergoing fertility workup for the first time. A convenience sample of 255 married males (age range = 22–51 years, mean = 30.24 years), 254 (99.6%) of whom suffered from primary infertility were assessed (1) at the baseline, before their initial fertility evaluation (T1); (2) before their second andrological appointment, 2–3 months after diagnostic disclosure (T2); and (3) before subsequent treatment-related/ follow-up appointments (T3, T4). The timing of psychological assessment was strictly related to andrological appointments and routine medical procedures. Respondents completed Emotional, Mind–Body, Relational, and Social subscales of the Polish version of FertiQoL and a baseline demographic survey. The research demonstrated that the FertiQoL scores across the Emotional, Mind–Body, and Relational subscales markedly decreased after the diagnostic disclosure, particularly in the subgroups with male and concurrent male and female factor. Social subscale scores in all subgroups remained stable after the diagnostic disclosure (at T2) but significantly decreased in the follow-up (at T3 and T4). Significant differences in FertiQoL scores associated with respondents’ infertility factor could be demonstrated at each time point. The study identifies the FertiQoL in unintentionally childless males is significantly affected by their factor of infertility and evolves across the pathway of treatment-related/follow-up appointments.
Outcomes After Surgically Managed Oblique Extra-Articular Proximal Phalanx Fractures: A Comparison of Closed-Reduction Percutaneous Pinning and Open-Reduction Internal Fixation With Lag Screws
Authors: Henry Tyler W. , Tulipan Jacob E. , Kwan Stephanie A. , Beredjiklian Pedro K. , Lutsky Kevin F. , Matzon Jonas L.
Published: April 2021

Background

Long oblique extra-articular proximal phalanx fractures are common orthopedic injuries. When unstable and without substantial comminution, treatment options include closed-reduction percutaneous pinning (CRPP) and open-reduction internal fixation using lag screws (ORIF-screws). The aims of this study are primarily to compare the functional outcomes and complication rates between these techniques and secondarily to assess potential factors affecting outcomes after surgery.

Methods

All patients with long oblique extra-articular proximal phalanx fractures treated surgically within a single orthopedic institution from 2010 to 2017 were identified. Outcome measures and complications were assessed at the final follow-up.

Results

Sixty patients were included in the study with a mean time to the final follow-up of 41 weeks (range: 12-164 weeks). Thirty-four patients (57%) were treated with CRPP and 26 patients (43%) with ORIF-screws. The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score across both fixation types was 8 (range: 0-43) and did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Mean proximal interphalangeal extension at the final follow-up was 9° short of full extension after CRPP and 13° short of full extension after ORIF-screws. The rates of flexion contracture and extensor lag were 15% and 41% in the CRPP group compared with 12% and 68% in the ORIF-screws group. Reoperation rates and complication rates did not differ significantly between fixation strategies.

Conclusions

Acceptable outcomes can be achieved after surgical fixation of long oblique extra-articular proximal phalanx fractures using both CRPP and ORIF-screws. Extensor lag may be more common after ORIF-screws.
3-D analytical model for bending stiffness of thick-walled composite hollow shaft
Authors: Yang Mo , Zhou Yuebin , Zhou Xian , Ye Jianmin , Wang Yikun , Qin Tao , Zhang Wen
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the Layer-wise theory was improve based on the alternate characteristics of layer angle of composite hollow shaft. The ±φi laminate was considered as the minimum mechanical analysis element, which can effectively simplify the stress coupling in mechanical analytical method. On this foundation, a 3-D analytical method of bending stiffness < EI> for thick-walled composite hollow shaft was derived. The CFRP hollow shaft specimens made of same dimensions but different laminate were used for bending test. Then, the bending stiffness calculated by theory of beams, 2-D analytical method, 3-D analytical model and experiment were compared. All the results show that the 3-D analytical model predicts the bending stiffness of thick-walled composite hollow shaft more precisely than the theory of beams and analytical method, and agree well with experimental results. And the 3-D analytical model can reflect the influence of stacking sequence on the bending stiffness of the composite hollow shaft.
China’s Mask Diplomacy in Europe: Seeking Foreign Gratitude and Domestic Stability
Authors: Kowalski Bartosz
Published: April 2021

The analysis discusses domestic sources of China’s diplomatic offensive in Europe following the outbreak of Covid-19, with a focus on the central and eastern parts of the continent. By examining selected case studies of countries competing for Chinese medical supplies in the time of the global crisis, it demonstrates how the party-state leadership with “Xi Jinping at the core” has been promoting the narrative of its transparent and timely response to the outbreak of the pandemic, while at the same time nurturing its image as a (benevolent) global leader in the struggle against the coronavirus. The article argues that mask diplomacy has served two overlapping domestic and foreign policy goals: aiming to cover up China’s leadership’s failure to contain the pandemic in its initial stage, while also turning acts of foreign gratitude to its advantage in seeking domestic public approval and the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party governance.
Feasibility of Continuous Ketone Monitoring in Subcutaneous Tissue Using a Ketone Sensor
Authors: Alva Shridhara , Castorino Kristin , Cho Hyun , Ou Junli
Published: April 2021

Background:

The feasibility of measuring β-hydroxybutyrate in ISF using a continuous ketone monitoring (CKM) sensor using a single calibration without further adjustments over 14 days is described.

Methods:

A CKM sensor was developed using wired enzyme technology with β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase chemistry. In vitro characterization of the sensor was performed in phosphate buffered saline at 37°C. In vivo performance was evaluated in 12 healthy participants on low carbohydrate diets, who wore 3 ketone sensors on the back of their upper arms to continuously measure ketone levels over 14 days. Reference capillary ketone measurements were performed using Precision Xtra® test strips at least 8 times a day.

Results:

The sensor is stable over 14 days and has a linear response over the 0-8 mM range. The operational stability of the sensor is very good with a 2.1% signal change over 14 days. The first human study of the CKM sensor demonstrated that the sensor can continuously track ketones well through the entire 14 days of wear. The performance with a single retrospective calibration of the sensor showed 82.4% of data pairs within 0.225 mM/20% and 91.4% within 0.3 mM/30% of the capillary ketone reference (presented as mM at <1.5 mM and as percentage at or above 1.5 mM). This suggests that the sensor can be used with a single calibration for the 14 days of use.

Conclusions:

Measuring ketones in ISF using a continuous ketone sensor is feasible. Additional studies are required to evaluate the performance in intended patient populations, including conditions of ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis.
Bleomycin sclerotherapy following doxycycline lavage in the treatment of ranulas: A retrospective analysis and review of the literature
Authors: Manna Sayan , Bageac Devin V , Berenstein Alejandro , Sinclair Catherine F , Kirke Diana , De Leacy Reade
Published: April 2021

Objective

A ranula is a mucus-filled salivary pseudocyst that forms in the floor of the mouth, commonly arising from the sublingual or submandibular salivary glands following obstruction or trauma. Complete excision of the injured gland and removal of the cyst content is the first-choice therapy, but has the potential for complications related to injury to nearby structures. As such, minimally invasive approaches such as percutaneous sclerotherapy have been investigated. We aim to contribute to the literature by assessing the efficacy and safety of our technique through our experience with 18 patients over the last decade.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated 18 patients with intraoral and plunging ranulas treated by percutaneous bleomycin ablation. The primary endpoint was the treatment result. Secondary endpoints included bleomycin dosage and complications.

Results

The study evaluated 12 males and six females with a median age of 23.5 years (range 13–39 years). At a final follow-up of at least 2 months (6.5±5.5 months), four patients demonstrated complete response (22%) and 14 patients demonstrated residual presence, recurrence, or regrowth of the lesion (78%). There were no statistically significant associations between outcomes and history of prior treatment, number of treatments, and size or type of ranula. No complications were noted.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that bleomycin, while safe for use in various head and neck malformations, is of limited utility in ranula therapy when the offending gland is not addressed primarily.
Endoscopic Reconstruction of Skull Base Defects Using Tutoplast
Authors: Alokby Ghassan , AlAmari Kholoud Mohammed , Abdullah Jamal Mohammed S. , Tayed Hazazi Mohammed , Makki Fawaz
Published: April 2021

Background

Various graft materials that are classified as autografts, xenografts, and allografts based on their origin have been used to endoscopically repair skull base defects. Tutoplast® (Tutogen Medical GmbH), an allogeneic natural collagen matrix, is processed through chemical sterilization that preserves tissue biocompatibility and structural integrity.

Objective

To study the safety and efficacy of Tutoplast Fascia Lata and Tutoplast Temporalis Fascia® as primary graft materials in the endoscopic reconstruction of skull base defects of different sizes and etiologies and to compare the outcomes with those of other traditional graft materials based on our experience.

Methods

This is a multi-center retrospective chart review of patients who underwent cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF) endoscopic reconstruction with Tutoplast Fascia Lata or Tutoplast Temporalis Fascia as either a stand-alone reconstruction material or a part of a multilayer reconstruction depending on the defect at Prince Sultan Military Medical City and King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 2017 and 2020. Our inclusion criteria were CSF leak repair with Tutoplast and a transnasal endoscopic approach. We reviewed demographic data, intraoperative and postoperative complications, repair materials, repair failure, defect size and location.

Results

Tutoplast® was used as the primary graft material in 33 cases. Our main outcome was repair success with lack of post operative CSF leak, observed in 30 cases (90.9%). There was no significant association between postoperative CSF leaks and factors including different defect sizes, defect sites, demographic data, hospitalization duration, or postoperative radiation in oncological cases.

Conclusion

Tutoplast alone or in combination with other materials can be used safely and effectively for skull base defects repair.
Treatment Network Typologies and the Working Alliance of Clients with Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Usmanov George S. , Wright Eric R. , Anderson Raeda K.
Published: April 2021

The climate and culture of treatment for clients with serious mental illness (SMI) are complex. In this study, we aim to cultivate a deeper understanding of the treatment environment using a network typological approach to measure the local treatment context and assess its implications on the perceived quality of clients’ relationships with their care providers. We use in-depth egocentric network data from clients with SMI in community mental health centers and state psychiatric hospitals from the Indiana Mental Health Services and HIV Risk Study ( N = 417). Clustering analysis identifies five unique and distinct network types: supportive, sparse, diverse, clinical, and treatment-focused. Weighted least squares regressions reveal clients in networks with high amounts of support predict a more trusting working alliance, whereas care-oriented networks predict a less trusting alliance. Our findings underscore the need to consider the local network context in studies of the quality of care provided to people with SMI.
Trade-Off Between Aquaculture Closures and Fishermen Livelihoods
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Chen , Zhang Ruilian , Xu Junzhuo
Published: April 2021

The prohibition of aquaculture is an important policy instrument for water quality protection. However, there are lack of observations on the complex interactions between stakeholders in the limiting or closing of fisheries and the internal cooperative mechanism that balances the restoration of water bodies and the livelihoods of fishermen. Using evolutionary game theory and modeling, this article analyzes the complex mutual feedback strategy between local government and the affected fishermen in regard to water body restoration and livelihood security under fishing prohibition. The results show that (a) the performance evaluation mechanism of environmental protection, including rewards and punishments, can provide direct political traction and indirect material guarantees for local governments to perform their duties and allow water body restoration and the transition of fishermen to alternative livelihoods. (b) Whether the local government actively promotes aquaculture closures is restricted by the improvement in the aquatic environment, the aquaculture development under the existing livelihood, and the industrial economic benefits of the new livelihood. And the capacity of them contribute to the overall development of the local government. The development of the net income of both parties in the negotiation will shape the direction of a series of public policies that focus on aquaculture closures.
State, Floods and Politics of Knowledge: A Case of the Mahananda Basin of Bihar
Authors: Jha Pankaj Kumar
Published: April 2021

This article identifies two main perspectives on flood control: the traditional and the modern hydrological. The objective here is to look at the contest between them from the point of view of the politics of knowledge. The traditional perspective views floods as a part of life and focuses on people’s wisdom or local knowledge of flood control. The hydrological approach, on the other hand, is mostly concerned with taming a river and views floods as a disaster that ought to be controlled and possibly eliminated. This perspective dominates the policy of the post-colonial state in India. There are five vantage points, such as historical context, state policy, political economy, collective action and epistemology, to understand the politics of knowledge around floods. In the first section, through history we discuss the transition from the colonial to post-colonial India on the issues of floods, dams and embankments. The second section of this article describes the flood policy and politics around it, from Patna Flood Conference (1937) to Disaster Management Act, 2005. In Political Economy section the article explores the link between land-holdings, tenancy and floods and also observes how agriculture has changed due to floods. The fourth section, Forms of Collective Action, explores the politics of collective action. Epistemology section presents the debate of lokvidyavs versus rajyavidya or living with floods versus hydrological knowledge.
Predictors of Spondylolysis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adolescent Athletes With Low Back Pain
Authors: Yokoe Takuji , Tajima Takuya , Sugimura Hiroshi , Kubo Shinichirou , Nozaki Shotarou , Yamaguchi Nami , Morita Yudai , Chosa Etsuo
Published: April 2021

Background:

Spondylolysis and undiagnosed mechanical low back pain (UMLBP) are the main causes of low back pain (LBP) in adolescent athletes. No studies have evaluated the difference in clinical and radiographic factors between these 2 conditions. Furthermore, it remains unclear which adolescent athletes with LBP should undergo advanced imaging examination for spondylolysis.

Purpose:

To compare the clinical and radiographic factors of adolescent athletes with spondylolysis and UMLBP who did not have neurological symptoms or findings before magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation and to determine the predictors of spondylolysis findings on MRI.

Study Design:

Cohort study, Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The study population included 122 adolescent athletes aged 11 to 18 years who had LBP without neurological symptoms or findings and who underwent MRI. Of these participants, 75 were ultimately diagnosed with spondylolysis, and 47 were diagnosed with UMLBP. Clinical factors and the following radiographic parameters were compared between the 2 groups: spina bifida occulta, lumbar lordosis (LL) angle, and the ratio of the interfacet distance of L1 to that of L5 (L1:L5 ratio, %). A logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate independent predictors of spondylolysis on MRI scans.

Results:

Significantly more athletes with spondylolysis were male (82.7% vs 48.9%; P < .001), had a greater LL angle (22.8° ± 8.1° vs 19.3° ± 8.5°; P = .02), and had a higher L1:L5 ratio (67.4% ± 6.3% vs 63.4% ± 6.6%; P = .001) versus athletes with UMLBP. A multivariate analysis revealed that male sex (odds ratio [OR], 4.66; P < .001) and an L1:L5 ratio of >65% (OR, 3.48; P = .003) were independent predictors of positive findings of spondylolysis on MRI scans.

Conclusion:

The study findings indicated that sex and the L1:L5 ratio are important indicators for whether to perform MRI as an advanced imaging examination for adolescent athletes with LBP who have no neurological symptoms and findings.
Introduction: Anti-politics, austerity and spaces of politicisation
Authors: Beveridge Ross , Featherstone David
Published: April 2021

In this introduction we first set out an engagement with the interconnections between forms of anti-politics and spaces of politicization and how these are figured in the special issue. We then detail the ways the papers in the special issue examine questions of depoliticization and politicization of austerity. The final section briefly outlines some key ways in which we envision emergent lines of progressive politicization emerging from the left.
Making care more patient centered; experiences of healthcare professionals and patients with multimorbidity in the primary care setting
Authors: Kuipers Sanne Jannick , Nieboer Anna Petra , Cramm Jane Murray
Published: April 2021

Background

The present study describes how primary care can be improved for patients with multimorbidity, based on the evaluation of a patient-centered care (PCC) improvement program designed to foster the eight PCC dimensions (patient preferences, information and education, access to care, physical comfort, coordination of care, continuity and transition, emotional support, and family and friends). This study characterizes the interventions implemented in practice as part of the PCC improvement program and describes the experiences of healthcare professionals and patients with the resulting PCC delivery.

Methods

This study employed a mixed-methods design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine general practitioners and nurse practitioners from seven primary care practices in Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands, that participated in the program (which included interventions and workshops). The qualitative interview data were examined using thematic analysis. A longitudinal survey was conducted with 138 patients with multimorbidity from these practices to assess perceived improvements in PCC and its underlying dimensions. Paired sample t tests were performed to compare survey responses obtained at a 1-year interval corresponding to program implementation.

Results

The PCC improvement program is described, and themes necessary for PCC improvement according to healthcare professionals were generated [e.g. Aligning information to patients’ needs and backgrounds, adapting a coaching role]. PCC experiences of patients with multimorbidity improved significantly during the year in which the PCC interventions were implemented (t = 2.66, p = 0.005).

Conclusion

This study revealed how primary PCC can be improved for patients with multimorbidity. It emphasizes the importance of investing in PCC improvement programs to tailor care delivery to heterogenous patients with multimorbidity with diverse care needs. This study generates new perspectives on care delivery and highlights opportunities for its improvement according to the eight dimensions of PCC for patients with multimorbidity in a primary care setting.
Effects of weather-related social distancing on city-scale transmission of respiratory viruses: a retrospective cohort study
Authors:   on behalf of the Seattle Flu Study Investigators, Jackson Michael L. , Hart Gregory R. , McCulloch Denise J. , Adler Amanda , Brandstetter Elisabeth , Fay Kairsten , Han Peter , Lacombe Kirsten , Lee Jover , Sibley Thomas R. , Nickerson Deborah A. , Rieder Mark J. , Starita Lea , Englund Janet A. , Bedford Trevor , Chu Helen , Famulare Michael
Published: April 2021

Background

Unusually high snowfall in western Washington State in February 2019 led to widespread school and workplace closures. We assessed the impact of social distancing caused by this extreme weather event on the transmission of respiratory viruses.

Methods

Residual specimens from patients evaluated for acute respiratory illness at hospitals in the Seattle metropolitan area were screened for a panel of respiratory viruses. Transmission models were fit to each virus to estimate the magnitude reduction in transmission due to weather-related disruptions. Changes in contact rates and care-seeking were informed by data on local traffic volumes and hospital visits.

Results

Disruption in contact patterns reduced effective contact rates during the intervention period by 16 to 95%, and cumulative disease incidence through the remainder of the season by 3 to 9%. Incidence reductions were greatest for viruses that were peaking when the disruption occurred and least for viruses in an early epidemic phase.

Conclusion

High-intensity, short-duration social distancing measures may substantially reduce total incidence in a respiratory virus epidemic if implemented near the epidemic peak. For SARS-CoV-2, this suggests that, even when SARS-CoV-2 spread is out of control, implementing short-term disruptions can prevent COVID-19 deaths.
Psychometric adequacy of the Persian adapted version of the Tilburg pregnancy distress scale (P-TPDS)
Authors: Salehi Leili , Mohmoodi Zoherh , Rajati Fatemeh , Pop Victor
Published: April 2021

Background

Pregnancy distress is a combination of anxiety, stress, and depression during pregnancy. The first step in preventing pregnancy distress is to identify women at risk. The present study assessed adaptation and psychometric adequency of the Persian Adapted Version of Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (P-TPDS).

Methods

By Brislin’s translation guidelines, TPDS was translated to Persian. This was followed by determining the face validity of P-TPDS and evaluating construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to estimate reliability.

Results

A final 16-item scale was loaded on four distinct constructs jointly accounting for 59.62% of variance. The factors were labelled as delivery-related worries, partner involvement, pregnancy-related worries, and social-related worries. The alpha coefficients for P-TPDS subscales ranged from 0.85 to 0.91 and ICC ranged from 0.70 to 0.77. All comparative indices of the model including CFI, IFI, NFI, and NNFI were above 0.9 showing the goodness of fit for the data with a RMSEA of 0.04, lower bound: 0.038.

Conclusions

The Persian adapted version of TPDS (P-TPDS) is a reliable and valid scale for assessing pregnancy distress among pregnant women in Iran.
Maternal overweight but not paternal overweight before pregnancy is associated with shorter newborn telomere length: evidence from Guangxi Zhuang birth cohort in China
Authors: Wei Bincai , Shao Yantao , Liang Jun , Tang Peng , Mo Meile , Liu Bihu , Huang Huishen , Tan Hui Juan Jennifer , Huang Dongping , Liu Shun , Qiu Xiaoqiang
Published: April 2021

Background

Telomere length (TL) is variable at birth and is inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) in adulthood. A growing number of evidences suggested that a higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI results in adverse offspring health outcomes, especially shorter newborn TL. However, a newborn’s genetic endowment is equally derived from both parents, the association between parental pre-pregnancy BMI and newborn TL has been rarely discussed. We aimed to determine the association between parental pre-pregnancy BMI and newborn TL.

Methods

A total of 1082 parent-newborn pairs were recruited from the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort (GZBC). TL in cord blood was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and expressed as the ratio of telomere copy number to single-copy gene number (T/S). A series of linear regressions were performed to assess the associations between parental pre-pregnancy BMI and newborn TL.

Results

Mothers who were overweight before pregnancy had significantly shorter cord blood telomere length in their newborns than those who were normal weight before pregnancy [percentage change: − 7.96% (95% CI: − 14.49 to − 0.69%; P = 0.032)]. Further analysis of the combined effects of parental weight status on newborn TL showed that TL was significantly shortened among newborns whose mothers were overweight and fathers were of healthy weight when compared with those whose mothers and fathers were both of normal weight [percentage change: − 8.38% (95% CI: − 15.47 to − 0.92%; P = 0.028)]. Subgroup analysis indicated these effects were more pronounced among male newborns and those whose paternal age < 31 years or maternal age ≥ 28 years at delivery.

Conclusions

Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight, but not paternal pre-pregnancy overweight is associated with shorter newborn TL. Weight control in reproductive women and effective healthy weight management before pregnancy may be of particular benefit for improving longevity and life quality of offspring.
Multi gene mutation signatures in colorectal cancer patients: predict for the diagnosis, pathological classification, staging and prognosis
Authors: Zhuang Yan , Wang Hailong , Jiang Da , Li Ying , Feng Lixia , Tian Caijuan , Pu Mingyu , Wang Xiaowei , Zhang Jiangyan , Hu Yuanjing , Liu Pengfei
Published: April 2021

Background

Identifying gene mutation signatures will enable a better understanding for the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and provide some potential biomarkers for clinical practice. Currently, however, there is still few effective biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognostic judgment in CRC patients. The purpose was to identify novel mutation signatures for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.

Methods

Clinical information of 531 CRC patients and their sequencing data were downloaded from TCGA database (training group), and 53 clinical patients were collected and sequenced with targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) technology (validation group). The relationship between the mutation genes and the diagnosis, pathological type, stage and prognosis of CRC were compared to construct signatures for CRC, and then analyzed their relationship with RNA expression, immunocyte infiltration and tumor microenvironment (TME).

Results

Mutations of TP53, APC, KRAS, BRAF and ATM covered 97.55% of TCGA population and 83.02% validation patients. Moreover, 57.14% validation samples and 22.06% TCGA samples indicated that patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma tended to have BRAF mutation, but no TP53 mutation. Mutations of TP53, PIK3CA, FAT4, FMN2 and TRRAP had a remarkable difference between I-II and III-IV stage patients (P < 0.0001). Besides, the combination of PIK3CA, LRP1B, FAT4 and ROS1 formed signatures for the prognosis and survival of CRC patients. The mutations of TP53, APC, KRAS, BRAF, ATM, PIK3CA, FAT4, FMN2, TRRAP, LRP1B, and ROS1 formed the signatures for predicting diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. Among them, mutation of TP53, APC, KRAS, BRAF, ATM, PIK3CA, FAT4 and TRRAP significantly reduced their RNA expression level. Stromal score, immune score and ESTIMATE score were lower in patients with TP53, APC, KRAS, PIK3CA mutation compared non-mutation patients. All the 11 gene mutations affected the distributions of immune cells.

Conclusion

This study constructed gene mutation signatures for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in CRC, and proved that their mutations affected RNA expression levels, TME and immunocyte infiltration. Our results put forward further insights into the genotype of CRC.