bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN “PROBIO-7” PADA PAKAN BUATAN TERHADAP EFISIENSI PEMANFAATAN PAKAN, PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELULUSHIDUPAN BENIH IKAN NILA GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Shofura Hanum , Suminto Suminto , Chilmawati Diana
Published: October 2022

Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) merupakan salah satu komoditas ikan air tawar yang digemari oleh masyarakat sebagai penyedia protein hewani. Pakan dengan kualitas rendah membuat daya cerna ikan kurang optimal, maka diperlukan peningkatan kualitas nutrisi pakan yang lebih baik. Upaya untuk meningkatkan nilai nutrisi pakan dapat dilakukan dengan menambahkan probiotik pada pakan. Bakteri dalam probiotik mampu menghasilkan beberapa enzim yang akan membantu menghidrolisis pakan menjadi molekul yang lebih sederhana sehingga akan mempermudah proses pencernaan dan penyerapan dalam tubuh ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan probiotik dalam pakan buatan dan dosis terbaik terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan ikan nila gift (O. niloticus).Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan nila gift (O. niloticus) dengan panjang rata-rata 3,5±0,01 cm/ekor, bobot rata-rata 0,70±0,008 g/ekor dan padat tebar 1 ekor/l air. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yaitu 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini: perlakuan A (0 CFU/g pakan); B (probiotik dosis 106 CFU/g pakan); C (probiotik dosis 107 CFU/g pakan) dan D (probiotik dosis 108 CFU/g pakan). Data yang diamati meliputi efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan (EPP), laju pertumbuhan relatif (RGR), rasio konversi pakan (FCR), rasio efisiensi protein (PER), kelulushidupan (SR) dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan probiotik pada pakan buatan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap EPP, RGR, FCR, PER namun tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap SR. Dosis probiotik terbaik pada pakan adalah perlakuan D (108 CFU/g pakan) yang mampu menghasilkan EPP dan PER masing-masing sebesar 85,01% dan 2,83% untuk ikan nila gift (O. niloticus). Kualitas air pada media pemeliharaan berada pada kisaran yang sesuai untuk budidaya ikan nila gift (O. niloticus).
Horses, toy sabers, toy soldiers—a few words about boys’ patriotic toys of the second half of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century
Authors: Kabacińska-Łuczak Katarzyna
Published: October 2022

Children’s toys of the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were determined by several criteria: age, gender and social background of the child. They fulfilled several basic functions: ludic, socialization/preparatory, educational and educating. Boys’ patriotic toys influenced the formation of patriotic feelings, both preparing the child for future military service, and developing a love for the history of the country.
Prisms of perceiving femininity. Theoretical and empirical reflections
Authors: Grzesiak Emilia
Published: October 2022

Within centuries femininity and its understanding have been the subject of numerous observations and analyses. Over the past decades its shape has been gradually becoming outdated and transformed. This article reflects on the prisms of perceiving femininity. It refers to two theories: essentialism and social constructivism. The aim of such considerations is to show the changes of the role and place of women in society (in the light of current norms, trends, opportunities and socio-cultural transformations).
Networked subversion: a catalyst for a change in thinking about sexuality
Authors: Urban Weronika Michalina
Published: October 2022

The picture is an important element of Western Culture. Boldly it can be called a universal means of transmission, an inherent part of social and virtual communication. For this reason, in my text, I have decided to analyze images in socials media, cultural objects that deal with issues of breaking the cultural pattern of gender and sexuality. I will focus on the subversive nature of these images and how they can be put into public discussion. Simplicity, literacy, and above all, the visuality of the message, are the characteristics of the image, that led to its inclusion in the digital communication process. Contemporary man is “homo videns”, communicates with the world, receives the world through images. Language is an abstract message, the image provides precision, versatility. The ease of reading a visual message makes certain cultural content more accessible. The issue of gender, the artificiality of meanings given due to sexual characteristics, is easier to say with images. Due to the photos present in the social media, the academic discussion on the limitations of the sex bureaucracy is becoming more common. Everyone can express their voice, give discussion, confront other people’s opinions. Because of the number of users, the freedom of uploading photos, the topic of breaking the heterodogmat is global. Social media as a tool to undermine cultural gender stereotypes.
Arms proliferation and the crisis of cult supremacy and insecurity in Ogoniland Nigeria
Authors: Poroma Celestine Lekia , Kpaa Kabee , Abel Ekweoma Animiyefa
Published: October 2022

This study examined the nexus between arms proliferation and the crisis of cult supremacy and insecurity in Ogoniland of Rivers State. It adopted the Anomie Theory as propounded by Emile Durkheim and Strain Theory of Crime by Robert Merton. The central thrust of these theories is that attention is focused on the relationship between a person’s socio economic condition and the possibility that the person would commit either crime or delinquency. The study argues that the vulnerable economically misbalance youth population took advantage of the porous nature of the waterways and engaged in arms struggle in the area. This is due to the lack of functional institutional framework to regulate the trade in illicit arms especially in the Niger Delta region, which is responsible for the influx of small arms and light weapon into the hands of non-state actors. This has generated persistent crises and insecurity among communities and the different cult groups over territorial supremacy in Ogoniland. The study also reveals that the political actors in the area equally mastermind cult related crisis for the purpose of political dominance. The study posits that only structured and sustainable policies and empowerment programmes can help to reduce cult crisis and insecurity in Ogoniland of Rivers state. The study recommends that government should initiate a functional strategy of controlling the trade in small arms and light weapons. Equally security at the borders and along the waterways in Ogoniland should be strengthened to check in inflow of arms.
Women empowerment and domestic violence in selected Nigerian video films
Authors: Azunwo Eziwho Emenike , Kalio Florence Okosimiema
Published: October 2022

The concept of women empowerment in the society is as vital as the empowerment of their male counterparts. Studies have shown that when people are empowered, they become strong, independent and less vulnerable or susceptible to anybody or group of persons. This study in the film medium is extremely crucial, since it will help in redirecting the minds of the society against domestic violence against the women. This is because it aids the development of the society positively. This study applies textual analysis as a methodological tool to examine how the feminine gender is represented in the popular Nigerian film industry called Nollywood. Among the video-films analyzed are: Michael Jaja’s Thanks for Coming and Gallant Babes. The study applied the purposive sampling technique to arrive at these video-films and observes that the female folks are empowered; there will be less domestic violence, since empowerment brings about freedom, realization, and power to resist and confront enemies. It discovers that domestic violence can be physical, economic, psychological, emotional, etc., thereby having serious negative consequences on the women. Some of the representations on women here revolve around some demeaning attitudes towards the women folks, subjecting them to perpetual ridicule; such as being domestic servants, mischievous prostitutes or others that at best paint a negative picture of the Nigerian woman in the society. Except women are empowered, they will continually experience domestic violence, regular abuses, etc. This research did not deny that instances abound where women are also invested with super-human virtues as in some woman-warrior films, the concern here however to advocate for women empowerment in Nollywood which lead to the eradication of domestic violence. Hence, it argues, that rather than continue to perpetuate old fashioned inhumanity on the women, filmmakers and producers should flow with the tide of presenting women in better light that express their resourcefulness to the society.
Supporting students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Taylor Brittney A. M. , Pierson Melinda R.
Published: October 2022

When educating boys and girls with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), it is vital that teachers know how to best support their students within the classroom as well as how to support their families with community activities. Knowing the definition, etiology, and causes of ASD as well as specific strategies will strengthen educational programming around the world.
Les récits littéraires d’apprentissage : un corpus pour la didactique du FLE
Authors: Berthu-Courtivron Marie-Françoise , Bourvon Marie-Françoise , Richard Élisabeth
Published: October 2022

If language biography „is based on the individual’s ability to recount the constituent elements of his or her experience in the linguistic and cultural domains” (Molinié, 2006: 1), we argue that this ability to recount is exemplary among allophone authors who have become writers in French and that their language (auto)biographies constitute a corpus that should be promoted for the teaching of literature in FLE. Each author is in fact an autobiographer who, text after text, continues to „reappropriate his or her own language history as it has been constituted over time” (Perregaux, 2002: 83). The works, written by learners who have already become authors, all recount the hazards of learning French, whether in an institutional or informal context, and the difficulty of the in-between languages and cultures (Alcoba, Alexakis, Cheng, Djavann, Huston, Kang, Svit, Wei-Wei...). These works are all marked by doubling and interlocution, and even when French has been known for a long time, by the omnipresence of reflection on language. For the learner who has become a writer, language is no longer just a tool but becomes a theme. The problem of writing in French thus continues to underlie the works explicitly: whether it is a question of the authors asserting their linguistic expertise in creation or showing the way to otherness.
Comment préparer les (futurs) enseignants de FLE à parler de la littérature ? Présentation d’un projet didactique
Authors: Górecka Joanna
Published: October 2022

The aim of the article is to present the theoretical foundations underlying our didactic work, part of the European project DECLAME’FLE, and its objectives. The proposed reflection concerns the possibility of developing reading practices in FL among readers who are learners of French as a foreign language. The chosen approach exploits the concept of so-called literary reading, oriented towards a theoretical-aesthetic analysis of the text. In the school context, this analysis and interpretation is usually done in dialogue with other readers. However, in the case of personal reading, the reader-learner chooses their texts freely and is not supervised in the activity. We argue that media resources can be an effectively used by learners in their reading and in the analytical and reflective tasks that follow. Based on observation categories from discourse analysis and with reference to research on literary reading, we propose exercises for (future) teachers of French as a foreign language. Their aim is to model the reading of journalist and popular critical discourse in order to draw information from it about the book, the author and the presence of the book in the public space, observe the discourse strategies used and integrate them, in order to be able to talk about reading experiences and make presentations of appreciation of texts.
Lire autour du littéraire pour lire la littérature
Authors: Riquois Estelle
Published: October 2022

Reading literature in a foreign language can present several difficulties for learners. In order to facilitate this activity, we suggest using “literary documents” which help to prepare for reading and understanding and which help to develop students’ self-confidence. The objective is to establish reading skill in a foreign language through the transfer of strategies and the acquisition of contextual knowledge. Based on experiments carried out with several groups of students of French, we were able to observe greater autonomy and better understanding of the texts read.
La dimension interculturelle des littératures francophones contemporaines dans l’enseignement/apprentissage du FLE
Authors: Gałan Beata , Malela Buata
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this article is to examine the issue of interculturality in contemporary Francophone literatures in the language classroom. As a tool of a humanist and intercultural education, the purpose of which is based on the awareness of cultural diversity and dialogue with the alterity, the literary text thus becomes a mediator in the development of intercultural competence. To illustrate this hypothesis, three texts will serve as a reference for this purpose: Dans le ventre du Congo (2021) by Blaise Ndala which tells the story of the conflictual relationship between Belgium and the colonized Congo; Les Impatientes (2020) by Djaili Amadou Amal which evokes the problem of violence against Cameroonian women, while La dynastie des boiteux. Zoonomia (2018) by Bessora deals with the figure of a Reunionese naturalist explorer of colonized Africa.
Les poèmes en classe de FLE, à l’exemple des méthodes choisies au niveau secondaire dans la perspective de la théorie de sociodynamique d’Abraham Moles
Authors: Kędzia-Klebeko Beata
Published: October 2022

Our culture is in constant development and, according to the theory of A. Moles, is subject to the socio-cultural dynamics of transformation, to which all objects of culture are subject. The school institution participates in the creation of culture by awakening interests, and transmitting knowledge, but this is done in the context of all the transformations that social culture is undergoing and in accordance with the understanding of this culture, formed in the spirit of contemporary challenges. The subject of this study will therefore be poetry as an object of culture, but also as an object of school culture. The aim of this article is to analyse the place and role of poetry in contemporary FLE teaching, embedded in the CEFR curriculum. In the first part of this article, we will therefore trace definitions and concepts related to Circuit of Culture theory of objects in the spirit of the theory of socio-dynamics of culture. Then we will devote our attention to literature and its representation in school culture and finally we will focus on the CEFR curriculum and the role of literature and poetry in the teaching of FLE, based on a few selected techniques used at secondary school in a class with an extended French curriculum. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of poetry texts from selected French textbooks reveal that the poetry taught in the FFL classroom is subject to the same dynamics as poetry as a cultural object in cultural circulation in contemporary society. Its place is reduced, which, however, does not mean it has completely disappeared. The interest of teachers and students in this form of expression of human thought which can still arouse admiration for its cognitive, aesthetic and emotional values remains a condition for its continuing presence.
From environmental exploration to clearance measurement – developing mobile robot systems for decommissioning of nuclear power plants
Authors: Chen Ziyuan , Gentes Sascha , Hartmann Dennis , Hein Björn , Kazemi Siavash , Wernke Alena
Published: October 2022

The number of decommissioning projects related to nuclear power plants is increasing and has been regarded as a challenging task for many nations. For example, Germany has decided to phase out nuclear power plants by the year 2022. To reduce the hazardous potential and the personal radiation exposure of the employees, robotic support in the decommissioning process is needed. In this contribution, a robot-based closed chain is presented as an important component for an automation and digitalization of the dismantling process of a nuclear power plant. The focus of the chain is on the investigation and decontamination of flat wall areas in nuclear facilities. First, geometric and radiation data are collected autonomously with a mobile, agile robot. The collected data is processed by using Building Information Modelling (BIM) methods to support the following steps. A second, industrial platform is modified to enable the positioning of two developed tools, a milling tool, and a contamination array, which will be used for decontamination and clearance measurement of concrete surfaces.
Future control stations for heavy machinery
Authors: Planthaber Steffen , Kuehn Daniel , Rohde Kerstin , Hartberger Christian
Published: October 2022

Robots and industrial vehicles are becoming more and more autonomous. Currently, the robots are not able to carry out all tasks autonomously, but the number of those tasks is increasing. Semi- autonomous robots are changing the requirements of control stations for their surveillance and control. These new technologies will provide the possibility to have a single operator command and supervise multiple (semi-) autonomous systems. This requires new control stations, which support remote control and also commanding autonomous actions, like executing a movement command to a specific position. Here, we provide a concept that combines classic and future control stations, that can already be used with the current state of the art in robotics.
Regression dependences in bending reinforced concrete beam with cracks
Authors: Nuguzhinov Zhmagul , Khabidolda Omirkhan , Bakirov Zhetpisbai , Zholmagambetov Syrlybek , Kurokhtin Alexey , Tokanov Daniyar
Published: October 2022

The work is devoted to determining the stress parameters of flexible reinforced concrete beams with cracks. The problem is solved using LIRA-SAPR using beam finite elements, taking into account the nonlinear relationship between deformation and stress in concrete. In the course of solution, a step-by-step loading method is used with the use of an iterative process at each step. To obtain the dependence of the stress parameters on varied factors, a rational planning matrix for a multifactor computer simulation was compiled to determine the stress parameters in bent rectangular reinforced concrete beams with a crack. According to this plan, computer simulations were conducted for concrete beams of C20/25 and B32/40 class. The obtained dependences enable to evaluate the operability of the considered structural elements for both groups of limiting states. They can be used to determine the parameters of fracture mechanics and evaluate the crack resistance of a beam.
Green Finance and the EU-Taxonomy for Sustainable Activities: Why Using More Direct Environmental Policy Tools Is Preferable
Authors: Fuest Clemens , Meier Volker
Published: October 2022

The EU taxonomy on sustainable activities is expected to pave the way for steering capital towards sustainable investments. However, the economic effects are problematic. Promoting “green” capital will lead to income losses due to productivity differences, while greenhouse gas emissions do not change at a given EU emission allowance cap. Worldwide emissions may even increase as carbon intensive production moves outside the EU. While green finance may be used to bind future governments, committing to future climate goals directly is a superior policy since efficiency losses can be avoided.
Depolymerization of lignin by extracellular activity of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, to obtain cellulose
Authors: Guzmán Gil Raymundo , González Brambila Oscar Manuel , Velasco Bedrán Hugo , García Martínez Julio César , Colín Luna José Antonio , González Brambila Margarita Mercedes
Published: October 2022

Cellulose can be used to produce biofuels and many other products like pharmaceutical goods, food supplements, cosmetics, bio-plastics, etc. Lignocellulosic materials, like O. ficus indica residuals, are a heterogeneous biopolymer formed mainly by lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. Lignin provides protection to the plants against chemical and microbial degradation, but it can be degraded by white rot fungi species, like Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. Since cellulose molecules are arranged in regular bundles enveloped by hemicellulose and lignin molecules, it is necessary to brake lignin and hemicellulose molecules to recover cellulose for its use in bioprocess. In this work, a biotechnological process for cellulose recovery from cactus waste through depolymerization of lignin by P. cinnabarinus, is presented. The delignification is carried out by aerobic culture in batch stirred bioreactors, with a liquid culture medium enriched with nutrients and minerals with O. ficus indica residuals as the unique carbon source, during eight-day span under continuous feeding of oxygen. A factorial design of experiments (DOE) for eight sets of factor values was selected for this study. The factors were: particle size, pH level, and process temperature. For each experiment, biomass, total reducing carbohydrates (TRC) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were measured every 24 h. At the end of each experiment, the percentage of delignification, and cellulose recovery was measured by Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Up to 67% of delignification and 22% of cellulose recovery were obtained by the process. These results were analyzed by a factorial DOE in order to maximize each response individually and to optimize both responses together. The delignification of Opuntia ficus indica thorns has not been previously reported to our knowledge.
Can ingredients and information interventions affect the hedonic level and (emo-sensory) perceptions of the milk chocolate and cocoa drink’s consumers?
Authors: Muhammad Dimas Rahadian Aji , Marettama Nanik Maya , Fauza Gusti , Affandi Dian Rachmawanti
Published: October 2022

To increase the competitiveness of chocolate and cocoa drink on the market, innovation of the products is substantially required. Incorporation of additional ingredients, i.e., ginger and cinnamon, as well giving information intervention on their health effect may increase the consumer acceptance as well as advance the consumer perception on the products. This study, therefore, aims to determine the effect of additional ingredient and intervention on health-related information on the hedonic level, emo-sensory response and collative perception of panelists on milk chocolate and cocoa drinks, which were enriched with additional ingredients, i.e., ginger, cinnamon and stabilizers. This study used descriptive quantitative method in which the data were obtained from 40 panelists. Correspondence analysis was used to see the emo-sensory profile and panelist perceptions that were emerged from each sample. The results show that the addition of spices to chocolate and cocoa drinks resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the hedonic level. However, the use of stabilizer significantly improved the hedonic level of cocoa drink. The hedonic responses, emotions and collative perceptions of the panelists were influenced by the product information, particularly on the products with the addition of spices.
Surfactants-surface active agents behind sustainable living
Authors: Jayasankar Parvathi , KarthyayaniAmma Rajasree
Published: October 2022

Surfactants are surface active agents. They are mainly chemicals, when added to water will reduce the surface tension of water and thus increases wettability on the given surface. Surfactants normally carry hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends among which hydrophilic end connects to water layer. The hydrophobic part connects between aqueous phase and the given hydrophobic surface through the hydrophobic end. However, these surfactants act as emulsifying agents or foaming agents. Further the chemistry behind the action of surfactants is introduced for the readers. Surfactants can be classified based on origin, charge on heads, solubility of water etc. and is specified in this paper. Also synthesis of various types of surfactants is carefully incorporated in the chapter. The chapters dwells in detail the various sustainability related applications of surfactants which is relevant for sustainable living in the society.
Factors affecting mental health of seafarers on board merchant ships: a systematic review
Authors: Nittari Giulio , Gibelli Filippo , Bailo Paolo , Sirignano Ascanio , Ricci Giovanna
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Merchant ships represent a peculiar working environment with several challenges and risks. The specific situation on board of ships may affect the mental health of seafarers more remarkably than ashore workers.

Content

A systematic review of the literature has been carried out to identify the main causes of mood disorders among seafarers and the impact that these disorders have on their health. This review has analyzed the scientific literature published between January 2006 and December 2021 using the search engines PubMed, Web of Science (WoS) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL).

Social isolation, distance from families, fatigue, stress and long work shifts represent the main causes of mood disorders among seafarers.

Outlook

Strategies aimed at improving conditions of cohabitation on board, and a greater consideration of these problems are key for improving the mental health of workers at sea.
A mesterséges intelligenciával kapcsolatos szakpolitikai fejlemények Latin-Amerikában
Authors: Anna Urbanovics
Published: October 2022

A latin-amerikai országok is megkezdték nemzeti szintű, mesterséges intelligenciával kapcsolatos stratégiáik kidolgozását. A tanulmány célja, hogy összehasonlító elemzést nyújtson a stratégiafejlesztési folyamatokról öt latin-amerikai országban: Argentínában, Brazíliában, Chilében, Kolumbiában és Peruban. A kvantitatív elemzéshez az OECD AI Policy Observatory (Artificial Intelligence Policy Observatory) adatait, valamint más nemzetközi adatbázisokat, míg a kvalitatív elemzéshez a nemzeti stratégiákon végzett dokumentum elemzést használtam. A vizsgált államok eltérő utakat járnak a nemzeti stratégiáik elkészítésében, közös pont, hogy mindegyik esetében a stratégia egy nagyobb digitalizációs programba illeszkedik. Bár a régió országainak mesterséges intelligencia stratégiái még kezdeti fázisban vannak, a nemzeti szándék megléte lehetővé teszi a továbblépést mind a nemzeti, mind a regionális szabályozást tekintve, mellyel lehetőség nyílik ezen országok számára, hogy mesterséges intelligencia hatalommá váljanak.
Evaluación económica de la eficiencia reproductiva y productiva en sistemas productivos con ganado criollo en Campeche, México
Authors: Torres Aburto Víctor Fernando , Severino Lendechy Víctor Hugo , López Reyes Liliana Yareni , Perezgrovas Garza Raúl Andrés , Espinosa Ortiz Valentín Efrén , Peralta Torres Jorge Alonso
Published: October 2022

El objetivo fue realizar una evaluación económica de la eficiencia reproductiva y productiva en unidades de producción (UP) con bovinos criollos de Nunkiní en Campeche, México. Se evaluó en 10 UP la tasa de gestación, intervalo interparto, natalidad, becerros destetados, ingresos y rentabilidad. Las UP mostraron baja eficiencia reproductiva (tasa de gestación de 41.0% ± 1.95%), elevado intervalo interparto (577.0 d ± 3.64 d), bajos índices de natalidad (37.7% ± 2.03%), becerros destetados (75.40% ± 39.30%), ingresos de USD 1359.17 (p > 0.05), y una estructura de costos fijos y variables de USD 850.57 y USD 1750.58. Las secciones con mayor impacto en los costos fueron la alimentación (34.14%) y mano de obra (30.38%), los cuales afectaron de manera negativa la rentabilidad (-48.28%). En conclusión, las UP evaluadas presentaron una baja rentabilidad como consecuencia de la baja eficiencia reproductiva y productiva del pie de cría.
O LABORATÓRIO DE ARQUEOLOGIA (LARQ-UFMA): UMA DÉCADA DE PESQUISA ARQUEOLÓGICA NO MARANHÃO
Authors: Guida Navarro Alexandre
Published: October 2022

O Laboratório de Arqueologia da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (LARQ-UFMA) é o primeiro laboratório de arqueologia de uma universidade maranhense. Começou suas atividades em 2011 e foi inaugurado oficialmente em 2014. Desde então tem se dedicado à prioritariamente às pesquisas sobre as estearias, retomando os estudos de Raimundo Lopes. O referido laboratório caracteriza-se por duas ações fundamentais: pesquisa e formação de recursos humanos. Diversos docentes nacionais e internacionais contribuíram com a formação dos estudantes, que ingressam no LARQ como estagiários e depois como alunos de Iniciação Científica. Alguns deles hoje são mestrandos e doutorandos em renomadas instituições nacionais.
LAS OCUPACIONES PALEOINDIAS EN LAS PLANICIES ALUVIALES DEL RÍO URUGUAY: UNA PERSPECTIVA GEOARQUEOLÓGICA
Authors: Pouey Vidal Viviane
Published: October 2022

En este artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en las investigaciones geoarqueológicas realizadas en los sitios paleoindios en la Formación Sedimentaria Touro Passo: RS-I-69: Laranjito y Casualidade, ubicados en las proximidades del rio Uruguay. Las actividades de investigación abarcaron excavaciones, sondeos, registro de perfiles geoarqueológicos y análisis sedimentarios. Durante la investigación, de tesis doctoral el objetivo principal fue comprender el proceso de ocupación humana durante la transición Pleistoceno tardío-Holoceno temprano en la región oeste del Estado de Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil, municipalidad de Uruguaiana frontera con la ciudad de Paso de Los Libres/Argentina. Los estudios fueron guiados a partir de un enfoque geoarqueológico sobre las unidades de ocupación depositadas en la Formación Touro Passo (Fm. Touro Passo) con el objetivo de conocer e interpretar los contextos socioculturales que contribuyeron a las discusiones relativas a los modelos de poblamiento del continente sudamericano.
Environment Symmetry Drives a Multidirectional Code in Rat Retrosplenial Cortex
Authors: Zhang Ningyu , Grieves Roddy M. , Jeffery Kate J.
Published: October 2022

We investigated how environment symmetry shapes the neural processing of direction by recording directionally tuned retrosplenial neurons in male Lister hooded rats exploring multicompartment environments that had different levels of global rotational symmetry. Our hypothesis built on prior observations of twofold symmetry in the directional tuning curves of rats in a globally twofold-symmetric environment. To test whether environment symmetry was the relevant factor shaping the directional responses, here we deployed the same apparatus (two connected rectangular boxes) plus one with fourfold symmetry (a 2 × 2 array of connected square boxes) and one with onefold symmetry (a circular open-field arena). Consistent with our hypothesis we found many neurons with tuning curve symmetries that mirrored these environment symmetries, having twofold, fourfold, or onefold symmetric tuning, respectively. Some cells expressed this pattern only globally (across the whole environment), maintaining singular tuning curves in each subcompartment. However, others also expressed it locally within each subcompartment. Because multidirectionality has not been reported in naive rats in single environmental compartments, this suggests an experience-dependent effect of global environment symmetry on local firing symmetry. An intermingled population of directional neurons were classic head direction cells with globally referenced directional tuning. These cells were electrophysiologically distinct, with narrower tuning curves and a burstier firing pattern. Thus, retrosplenial directional neurons can simultaneously encode overall head direction and local head direction (relative to compartment layout). Furthermore, they can learn about global environment symmetry and express this locally. This may be important for the encoding of environment structure beyond immediate perceptual reach.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe investigated how environment symmetry shapes the neural code for space by recording directionally tuned neurons from the retrosplenial cortex of rats exploring single- or multicompartment environments having onefold, twofold, or fourfold rotational symmetry. We found that many cells expressed a symmetry in their head direction tuning curves that matched the corresponding global environment symmetry, indicating plasticity of their directional tuning. They were also electrophysiologically distinct from canonical head directional cells. Notably, following exploration of the global space, many multidirectionally tuned neurons encoded global environment symmetry, even in local subcompartments. Our results suggest that multidirectional head direction codes contribute to the cognitive mapping of the complex structure of multicompartmented spaces.
FACTORS AFFECTING CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTIVITY: COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN WORKER’S NATIONALITY
Authors: Balakrishnan K. , Buang N.F. , Adman M.A.
Published: October 2022

There are many factors that affect construction productivity based on the worker's background. This study assesses the five factors affecting construction productivity at a construction site in Kuala Lumpur within the worker’s nationalities. In 2019, a survey was distributed to a sample of 60 construction workers with various backgrounds. Descriptive analysis shows that respondents are perceived as moderately, that manpower factors (Mean score = 2.88, S.D. = 0.54), external factors (Mean score = 3.32, S.D. = 0.59), communication factors (Mean score = 3.23, S.D. = 0.63), resources factors (Mean score = 3.31, S.D. = 0.58) and miscellaneous factors (Mean score = 3.29, S.D. = 0.70) affect construction productivity. Moreover, perception of the four factors (manpower, external, communication and resources) affecting construction productivity had a significant difference between Malaysian and non-Malaysian workers (P<0.05). Therefore, advancement should focus on those four factors to nurture better delivery of construction work; thus, increasing the productivity among workers from different nationalities.
ASSESSING PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES FOR THE BLIND IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF AN EMERGING ECONOMY
Authors: Mohamed Yusof L. , Mindad S. , Mohamed N.A. , Azmy N.
Published: October 2022

In highlighting the sustainable urban environment of an emerging economy, walkability becomes a key trait. The criteria that can improve walkability in urban areas are the provision and ease of access to pedestrian facilities for everyone, including people with disabilities (PWDs). The mobility of PWDs in urban areas is very challenging, as they face physical, cultural and social barriers that hinder their participation in society. In line with this concern, this study intends to assess the current provision and accessibility aspect of pedestrian facilities for the blind in Kuantan city by using on-site assessment. The findings reported that the pedestrian facilities for the blind in Kuantan city are lacking in the provision and not entirely accessible, specifically on walkway or sidewalk, tactile block, pedestrian crossing, handrail, and ramp. The barriers underlined in the findings may act as a direction for local authorities and industry to improve the pedestrian facilities for the blind, and consequently, will be equally beneficial for all pedestrians.
DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF SUBMERGED SEAGRASS TOTAL ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS CHANGES IN TINGGI ISLAND, JOHOR USING REMOTE SENSING DATA
Authors: Misbari S. , Gisen J.I.A. , Hashim M.
Published: October 2022

Tinggi Island area is gazetted as Johor Marine Park while unpredictable natural phenomenon claimed as a primary threat that caused reduction of submerged seagrass total aboveground biomass (SSTAGB). This study aims to (a) detect and quantify SSTAGB in clear water of the Tinggi Island area using satellite data, and (b) assess SSTAGB changes in 2009 and 2014. Algorithm of Bottom Reflectance Index is implemented on Landsat 8 OLI image of 2009 and 2014 to detect and study spatial distribution of multi-species submerged seagrass. Field data sampling was conducted to validate the classified satellite image. A series of quadrat sampling of 0.5mx0.5m was used to quantify ground-based SSTAGB. The result found that the seagrass area and SSTAGB around the island are rigid and remarkably consistent over a 5-year interval. A strong association between ground-based SSTAGB and satellite-based SSTAGB shows that the BRI model is significantly satisfied to be implemented on moderate resolution of satellite data with overall accuracy of >70% and >0.65 of kappa statistic.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE USING ALUMINIUM SOFT DRINK CAN AS PARTIAL COARSE AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Shahreen A.W. , Ong T.B.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents the study on compressive strength of concrete by incorporating 5% and 10% of waste aluminium soft drink can (ASDC) as partial replacement of coarse aggregate. Using standard mix design, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete was made to have a target mean strength of 30 N/mm2 . The size for concrete cubes designed is 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm. The slump test result shows that the ASDC partial replacement of coarse aggregate by weight increases the workability of fresh concrete. The compressive test has shown that 5 % of ASDC aggregate gives the highest strength, 36.2 MPa, compared to 10% with 32.1 MPa.
A Tale of Two Cities
Authors: Kraus Jeffrey
Published: October 2022

Race was the defining issue of the 1999 Philadelphia mayoral election. In an overwhelmingly Democratic city, the Democratic candidate, an African-American with two decades of experience in local government, narrowly defeated the white Republican candidate with little experience in Philadelphia government. Examining the results of the primary and general elections, the author finds that the vote was sharply divided along racial lines, even though the candidates in the general election refrained from racial appeals and ran issue-oriented campaigns. In big city politics, race thus still matters.
A Tale of Two Cities Revisited
Authors: Kraus Jeffrey
Published: October 2022

This article examines the Philadelphia Mayoral Election of 2003, which was a re-match of the 1999 contest. The author contends that while Philadelphia remained a divided city, partisanship rather than race best explains the election’s outcome. By “nationalizing” the election, Democratic Mayor John Street tied his moderate Republican challenger, Sam Katz, to the unpopular Republican administration in Washington, D.C. The revelation of a recording device in Mayor Street’s office, rather than damaging Street, galvanized his African-American base while bringing a number of white Democrats back into the Street camp. These factors, along with a massive voter registration drive by Democratic Party operatives, transformed the party’s narrow victory of 1999 into a landslide four years later.
Public Health in Pennsylvania: Where Do We Go From Here?
Authors: Potter Margaret A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Managing Risk in Real Time
Authors: Comfort Louise K. , Mosse Daniel , Znati Taieb
Published: October 2022

No abstract
In the Commonwealth
Authors: Fitzpatrick Gerard. J.
Published: October 2022

In the Commonwealth,
The "Greening" of Local Governments
Authors: Holst Arthur M.
Published: October 2022

Local governments have taken the lead in "greening" in the United States. Urban, suburban, and rural areas each green themselves through practices specific to their own level of development. While local communities do not enjoy equal amounts of public support or funding for greening, they can choose to contribute more or less to these efforts. In taking "direct" or "indirect" actions internally or externally, the seemingly piecemeal efforts of local governments to promote greening can lead to a significantly greener nation as a whole.
Legislative Careerism, Institutional Resources, and Administrative Influence Over Legislative Policy Making in the American States
Authors: Ozymy Joshua , Rey Denis , Stanton Jr. Samuel S.
Published: October 2022

This article augments previous findings regarding the impact of legislative professionalization on oversight of state agencies. We examine how the twin processes of institutional professionalization and legislative careerism condition the power relationship between state legilatures and bureaucracies by utilizing individual-level data provided by legislators themselves. Our findings suggest that such influence is more nuanced than previously believed. The relationship between careerism and bureaucratic power over legislative policy making is curvilinear, with administrative power varying by the level of professionalism in state houses, and the influence of careerism conditioned by the level of professionalization.
FMLA in PA
Authors: Sweet-Cushman Jennie
Published: October 2022

This paper details the impact of the federal FMLA, as well as the complex web of additional protections many states have. Not all Americans enjoy the same rights to family and medical leave because 40% of them do not live in states that have written additional protections into state law. Pennsylvania is one such state. This paper offers a case study of the policy impact on citizens—particularly women, minorities, and the poor—in Pennsylvania, one of 21 states where lawmakers have not expanded their coverage beyond that of federal law.
The Rise and Fall of Pennsylvania's Voter Identification Law
Authors: Guirguis Max
Published: October 2022

Enacted in the wake of election 2000, the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA) mandated nationwide standards in the conduct of federal elections. Several states went beyond the statutory requirements of HAVA and passed legislation requiring voters to show photo IDs at the polls. Pennsylvania passed such a law in 2012, triggering a protracted legal battle in state courts that continued well after that year’s presidential election. Although the Commonwealth lost this fight because of noncompliance with the statutory guarantee of liberal access to voter ID cards, the law may yet be upheld should the appeal process be taken further.
From the Editor
Authors: Tannenbaum Donald G.
Published: October 2022

From the Editor
The United States and Revolutions
Authors: Jervis David T.
Published: October 2022

Revolutions are rare in human history. This study details and evaluates American policy toward five truly revolutionary situations in the post-World War II era: China, Cuba, Vietnam, Iran, and Nicaragua. American policy in these cases progressed through four relatively distinct phases: (1) American officials failed to recognize the seriousness of the threat to the incumbent pro-American regime. (2) Once policymakers became aware of the threatening situation, they encouraged the leader in the target state to initiate reforms. (3) Failure of the reform effort and a successful opposition movement led the U.S. to seek to guide the transition to a new regime. (4) While opposed to the regime which was eventually established, the U.S. still hoped to establish productive relations with it. The prevailing pattern in these cases is attributed to a misunderstanding of Third World realities and the processes of change there, and to exaggerated notions of American influence. The concluding portion of the article recommends ways to improve American perceptions and policy in such situations.
Measuring the Impact of Institutional and Occupational Affiliation on the Stances of Soviet Officials in the 1980-1 Polish Crisis
Authors: Brautigam Curtis R.
Published: October 2022

Following from the bureaucratic politics/interest group approach to Soviet foreign policy decision-making, the purpose of this article is to determine whether the stances of Soviet officials in the 1980-81 Polish crisis were effected by their institutional, occupational, or ethnic affiliation. The study found that overall, there was not a strong relationship between group affiliation and tendency orientation. However the results indicate that there were definite coalitions of groups and individuals espousing differing stances on Poland, and that there was a significant difference between the Politburo and Secretariat and the overall score for all other groups.
Newspaper Coverage of the 1990 Pennsylvania Gubernatorial Campaign
Authors: King Erika G. , Wells Robert A. , Wells Elizabeth W.
Published: October 2022

A content analysis of five daily newspapers' coverage of the 1990 Pennsylvania gubernatorial contest revealed that, as hypothesized, the "strategic game," particularly the horse race, was the predominant press theme. Also confirmed were the predictions that a gubernatorial challenger would receive as much coverage as the incumbent but that differences in patterns of incumbent and challenger coverage would appear. The press focused more on the challenger's campaign mistakes and problems and on the incumbent's record and experience. The fact that the challenger was a female and the incumbent a male received little media attention, and there were very few mentions of candidate gender. Differences in coverage patterns among the five papers were also found: the larger papers were more attentive to the campaign, but contrary to expectations were not more attentive to the issues. Issue-oriented coverage was most prominent in the paper published in the state capital.
Dynamic Patronage Coalitions
Authors: McMullen Ronald K.
Published: October 2022

This study suggests that the framework of dynamic patronage coalitions, based on Roker's coalition theory and the workings of patron-client networks, ran fruitfully be utilized in analyzing African politics, particularly in light of the increasing prevalence of state-society approaches and the need for a comparative referent. The dynamic of coalition narrowing helps explain the frequency of coups, secession attempts, and exile invasions in the first decade or so after 1960, while coalition retraction accounts for the disengagement of portions of the citizenry from the channels of state in more recent years. The current sociopolitical turmoil affecting many African states indicates that coalitions stemming from an anti-incumbent class identity may successfully challenge stagnating coalitions of long-entrenched patrons.
Recent Developments in Interest Group Activity in the Northeastern States
Authors: Thomas Clive S. , Hrebenar Ronald J.
Published: October 2022

This article uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the contemporary interest group systems of eleven Northeastern states and compares these with the interest group systems in the fifty states as a whole. It is found that recent changes in the socio-economic and political life of the Northeast have affected surface aspects of the region's interest group systems, such as the range of groups represented and the styles of representation, and has extended power to some new interests to an extent greater than in any other region of the nation. However, recent changes have not altered the fundamental dominance of the policy process by traditional economic and institutional interests which enjoy a marked advantage in the possession of the resources necessary for political influence. The findings from the research also call into question existing theories of an inverse relalionship between group power and (1) socio-economic development, (2) government professionalism, and (3) political party power in the Northeast and the states as a whole.