bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemic diffusion of KPC carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Italy: results of the first countrywide survey, 15 May to 30 June 2011
Authors: Giani T , Pini B , Arena F , Conte V , Bracco S , Migliavacca R , the AMCLI-CRE Survey Participants Collective , Pantosti A , Pagani L , Luzzaro F , Rossolini G M
Published: March 2021

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are emerging as a public health problem in various settings. In Italy, a rapid and remarkable increase of carbapenem-non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae has been reported since 2010. Here we report on the results of a countrywide cross-sectional survey, carried out from 15 May to 30June 2011 to investigate the diffusion of CRE in Italy and to characterise the most prevalent resistance mechanisms and their dissemination patterns. CRE were reported from most (23 of 25) participating laboratories, with an overall proportion of 3.5% and 0.3% among consecutive non-duplicate clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from inpatients (n=7,154) and outpatients (n=6,595), respectively. K. pneumoniae was the most frequent species (proportion of carbapenem-non-susceptible isolates: 11.9%), while a minority of CRE of other species were detected. Carbapenemase production was detected in the majority (85%) of CRE. KPC-type enzymes were by far the most common (89.5% of carbapenemase producers), followed by VIM-1 (9.2%) and OXA-48 (1.3%). KPC-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-KP) were detected in most centres and contributed majorly to the epidemic dissemination of CRE recently observed in our country. Dissemination of KPC-KP was mostly sustained by strains of clonal complex 258 (ST-258 producing KPC-2 or KPC-3, and ST-512 producing KPC-3), while a minority belonged to ST-101.
TAX AGRESSIVENESS IN FAMILY FIRMS: CAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MITIGATE IT?
Authors: Pratama Arie
Published: March 2021

Every taxpayers objectives is to minimize the tax paid to government. Few business tried to avoid tax more agressively than the others. This research will tried to investigate whether the family firms are more tax agressive compare to non family firms. Tax agressiveness might be reduced if there is a working governance structure. This research will also investigate whether the governance structure (i.e size of board of director, proportion of independent director, external audit firms, and audit committee) would significantly reduced the tax agressiveness. To control the results, researcher used size, profitability and leverage.

This research was quantitative explanatory research. Researcher will analyzed 15 out of 57 family own-business in Indonesia, and make a comparison with non family firms. Researcher examined the financial statements and annual report from year 2011 – 2015. The research will used multiple regression analysis as a data analysis tools. This research will produce tax agressiveness analysis of family firms, non family firms, and combination of both firms.

The research showed that, contrast to the non family firms, family firms had agressive tax avoidance scheme. The research also showed that corporate governance in family company in fact, increasing the agressiveness o tax avoidance, while non family firms corporate governance reduced the agressiveness of tax avoidance. Overall this research showed that family business need to improve the governance structure to control its agressive tax avoidance.

 

Keywords: Corporate Governance, Family Business, Ownership, Tax Avoidance.
Basic Concepts in German Language Textbooks for Foreigners in the Educational Discourse of Germany
Authors: Shukman Victoria E.
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to the identification and research of the basic concepts and their representatives, reproduced in the educational discourse of the Federal Republic of Germany in the practice of learning German as a foreign language. The educational discourse is a system of value-semantic communication of the subjects of the educational process (I.S. Artyukhova). This system is mobile, exists in educational environments of different levels, includes participants of the discourse, educational aims, values and content. The analysis presented in the article is based on the material of the German-language textbook for foreigners of the elementary level «Berliner Platz 1 NEU», used in many universities, language centers and linguistic clubs of Germany and Russia. The relevance of this research is determined by the need to study the verbalization of the linguistic and cultural policy of modern Germany, aimed at the active influx of foreigners, their socio-culturally and linguistically assimilation in the host country, which is reflected in the modern German-language educational discourse. The aim of the research is to identify and describe the basic concepts presented in the educational discourse of Germany on the material of the textbook «Berliner Platz 1 NEU» as a typical textbook of the German language of the elementary level, as well as the linguistic analysis of the lexical elements representing these concepts, therefore, the conceptual analysis of educational discourse is chosen as the main research method. The theoretical basis of the research was the scientific works by N. D. Arutyunova, V. I. Karasik, V. Z. Demyankov, E. S. Kubryakova, E. A. Selivanova and other scientists in the field of discourse analysis and cognitive linguistics. As the result of the research, the basic concepts that form the cognitive base in the minds of foreigners learning German language are identified, the representatives of these concepts that mark the educational discourse of Germany as a whole are analyzed and systematized. This research is interdisciplinary and is applicable for discursive and cognitive research of various educational discourses in linguistics and related humanities.
Depositional sequence stratigraphy of Turonian to Santonian sediments, Cape Fear arch, North Carolina Coastal Plain, USA
Authors: Gonzalez Wilma B. Aleman , Self-Trail Jean M. , Harris W. Burleigh , Moore Jessica Pierson , Farrell Kathleen M.
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT: A new sequence stratigraphic framework for Turonian to Santonian (94-84 Ma) sediments is established using data from the USGS Kure Beach and Elizabethtown cores collected from the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina (NC). These sediments represent some of the oldest marine units deposited on the southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain and record the early development of a clastic wedge atop crystalline basement. Sediments were deposited as transitional marginal-marine to marine units in a complex interplay of fluvial, estuarine, and shelf environments. Repetitive lithologies and minimal biostratigraphic control requires an integrated analysis of grain-size data, geophysical logs, biostratigraphy, and 87Sr/86Sr isotopic data to identify systems tracts and establish a sequence stratigraphic framework. From this integrated approach, three Turonian to Santonian sequences in the Elizabethtown core and six in the Kure Beach core are identified. The new sequences from oldest to youngest are Clubhouse II, Fort Fisher I, Fort Fisher II, Collins Creek I, Collins Creek II, Pleasant Creek I, and Pleasant Creek II. Sequences from North Carolina document significant shifts of global and regional sea-level during greenhouse conditions in the early Late Cretaceous. Maximum sea-level rise occurred globally during the early Turonian and is documented from the marine sediments of the Clubhouse II sequence. This sequence is unconformably overlain by terrestrial sediments deposited during a major fall in sea level and maximum progradation of the shoreline, as evidenced by the Fort Fisher I sequence. Global sea-level rise in the Coniacian resulted in the deposition of the Fort Fisher II sequence, which is present only in the Kure Beach core. Local marine circulation and erosion on the shelf is suggested by the absence of the Collins Creek I sequence at Kure Beach; this sequence is present only in the up-dip Elizabethtown core. Activation of a possible buried fault structure along the Cape Fear arch resulted in the formation of a regional depocenter during the late Coniacian to early Santonian and is reflected in the unusual thickness of the Collins Creek II and Pleasant Creek I sequences. The return to a more global sea-level influence occurred in the late Santonian with the deposition of the Pleasant Creek II sequence. A comparison of temporal distribution of sequences in the Elizabethtown and Kure Beach cores to corresponding sequences in New Jersey indicates significant differences in erosional and tectonic processes in the Cape Fear region during the Turonian and Santonian.
SNAPSHOT of COVID-19 GLOBAL PANDEMIC and ITS INFLUENCE on LABOR MARKETS: EVIDENCE from ADMINISTRATIVE DATA in TURKEY
Authors: YÜKSEL Hasan
Published: March 2021

The main objective of the paper is to take the snapshot of Covid-19 infection and its dramatic influence on labor markets in Turkey as a whole. Coronavirus pandemic, which hit the world economy and labor markets in a devastating manner, has turned into a significant threat that shapes health concerns and economic activities at the same time. In a way, it forces people to make choices between their health and economic welfare, which is a big dilemma for all. It brings about quick infections as well as deaths pharmaceutically, and business lockdowns, unemployment growth, and job loses financially. It results in psychological disorders and it also changes industrial relations systems and the way of work. Frankly speaking, it is to be noted that it connotates a radical modification in everything and so this new case is called “new normal”. This paper attempts to uncover Covid-19 and its direct impact on labor markets for an emerging economy like Turkey on the basis of some certain criteria such as “unemployment”, “labor force participation”, “health insurance claims”, “employment outlooks”, “unemployment insurance coverages”, “social protection”, “telecommuting”, and so forth. These criteria were developed in parallel to the academic literature written following the pandemic. While making an analysis, the researcher used traditional and non-traditional data from local and global data centers including Turkstat (Turkish Statistical Institute), Iskur (Turkish Employment Agency), OECD, and World Bank. These dataset give an ultimate framework for the assessment of Turkish labor markets (TLMs) following Covid-19. To minimize the shocks of this crisis and to derive some lessons, implications for managers, economy officials, and the policy makers are available in the research.
İŞVEREN MARKASI VE ÖRGÜTSEL BAĞLILIK İLİŞKİSİNDE ÖRGÜTSEL ÖZDEŞLEŞMENİN ARACI ROLÜ: SOSYAL KİMLİK KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: TİMUR Ayşem , KARTALTEPE BEHRAM Nihal
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, işveren markasının örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkisinde örgütsel özdeşleşmenin aracılık rolünün Sosyal Kimlik Kuramı bağlamında araştırılmasıdır. Araştırmanın verileri, İstanbul il sınırları içerisinde hizmet sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işletmelerde çalışan toplam 300 beyaz yakalı işgörenden anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde işveren markasının, örgütsel bağlılığı ve örgütsel özdeşleşmeyi pozitif yönde anlamlı olarak etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Örgütsel özdeşleşmenin de örgütel bağlılığı pozitif yönde anlamlı olarak etkilediği bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Aracılık analizi neticesinde ise örgütsel özdeşleşmenin, işveren markası ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişkide kısmi aracılık rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
FİNANSAL RAPORLAMA STANDARTLARINA UYGUN HESAP PLANI (FRSHP) ile TEKDÜZEN HESAP PLANI (TDHP) BİLANÇO HESAP GRUPLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI VE DEĞERLENDİRMESİ
Authors: ATAMAN Başak , GÖKÇEN Gürbüz
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada, Kamu Gözetimi Muhasebe ve Denetim Standartları Kurumu tarafından yayınlanan Finansal Raporlama

Standartlarına uygun Hesap Planı Taslağı, Muhasebe Sistemi Uygulama Genel Tebliği ile yayınlanan Tekdüzen Hesap Planı

ile karşılaştırılmıştır. 1994 yılından beri uygulanan ve muhasebe dünyasına entegre olan kompakt, simetrik ve sade yapıya

sahip Tekdüzen Hesap Planının yerini alabilecek olması, konunun önemini ayrıca attırmaktadır.
GAYRİMENKUL DEĞERLEMESİNDE ÇOK BOYUTLU YAKLAŞIMLAR
Authors: KOCABIYIK İsmail , ÖKTEM Recep
Published: March 2021

Gayrimenkul nesnesinin kullanım alanı gelişen uygarlık ve derinleşen ekonomi ile birlikte salt barınma bağlamından uzaklaşmış yatırım, portföy, kredilendirme, teminat, ipotek gibi alanlarla çeşitlenmiştir. Bu çeşitlenme ise “Gayrimenkulün değeri nedir?” sorusunu beraberinde getirmiş, bu soruya ise değerleme sürecinin ürünü olan değerleme raporları cevap vermiştir. Gayrimenkul değerinin doğru ve güvenilir bir şekilde tespit edilmesi amacı ile yerel çapta düzenlemeler yapılmış, ekonomik faaliyetlerin globalleşmesi ile beraber bölgesel ve global çapta standardizasyona gidilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada gayrimenkul değerleme raporları global boyutta çok taraflı incelenerek, çok boyutlu bakış açısı sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, değerleme faaliyetlerinin globalleşmesinde ve standartlaşmasında öncülük eden ve değerleme alanında global öneme sahip Lisanslı Değerleme Uzmanları Kraliyet Kurumu (RICS), ABD Değerleme Kurumu (TAF), Avrupa Değerleme Örgütleri Birliği (TEGoVA) ve Uluslararası Değerleme Standartları Konseyi (IVSC) örgütlerinin değerleme raporu standartları incelenmiş, aralarındaki ortak yaklaşım tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Tracking the Performance of Soyabean Production in Nigeria
Authors: SADIQ Sanusi , SINGH Invinder Paul , AHMAD Muhammad Makarfi
Published: March 2021

The present research empirically examined the growth performance of soyabean production in Nigeria using time series data which spanned from 1961 to 2017, sourced from FAO database. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, growth model, instability index, Hazell decomposition model, Nerlovian’s model and ARIMA model. Empirical evidence showed that the growth in the production trend of soyabean in Nigeria is majorly driven by an increase in the area and not yield which is not favorable for sustainable soyabean food security in the country. Furthermore, risk and uncertainty were observed to be the major source of instability in the production of soyabean in the country. Therein, the risk impacted negatively on the area allocation decision of the soyabean farmers in the studied area. The forecasted production trend showed that the country’s soyabean production will observe a paradigm shift from the area as the major driver of production to yield. Thus, technology will be the major driver of soyabean production in Nigeria. The trend if sustained will be a breakthrough for the country’s soyabean food security and will curtail the incessant farmers/herders clashes and tenurial conflicts owing to high pressure and competing demand for arable land for other purposes. Therefore, policies which will convert one-quarter of the arable land to other agricultural uses should be welcome as the future production trend of soyabean will be driven by technological advancement. In addition, the government should do more in subsidizing farm inputs in order to enhance farmers’ term of trade, thereby wading-off the risks that negatively impacted on the acreage allocation decision of the producers.
Constraints to Access and Utilization of Meteorological Services in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: OFUOKU Albert , OBIAZI Christian
Published: March 2021

Climate change effect on agricultural productivity is very glaring. There is an advocacy for arable crops farmers to take advantage of the Nigeria meteorological services (NIMET) as part of adaptation strategies against climate change. Having an insight into the constraints to access and utilization agro-meteorological services is worthwhile for agricultural extension programme planning. This study evaluated assessed the constraint to access and utilization of agro-meteorological service among arable crop farmers in Delta State Nigeria. The agro-meteorological services that were most made available to them ranged from daily weather forecast to seasonal weather condition. The farmers mostly accessed and utilized daily weather forecast, seasonal rainfall prediction, information on crop stages performance and general weather condition. However, untimely release and transmission of the needed information was the major constraint to utilization of agro-meteorological services. The farmers’ socioeconomic attributes such as level of formal education, household size, farm size, extension contact and membership of farmers’ association influenced the utilization of agro-meteorological services. It is concluded that the level of access to and utilization of agro-meteorological services is low as a result of the constraints experienced by the farmers. It was recommended that agro-meteorological services information need to be disseminated timely and the information be simplified before dissemination to farmers.
Reactions of Fifteen Onion Cultivars Commonly Cultivated in Turkey to Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV)
Authors: SANTOSA Adyatma Irawan , ERTUNÇ Filiz
Published: March 2021

Onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars commonly cultivated in Turkey were for the first time examined for their reactions to Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV). Fifteen onion cultivars consisted of red, white, and yellow bulb cultivars were grown in pots and mechanically inoculated with LYSV-12.6Po, a newly characterized Turkish isolate. The experiment was in completely randomized block design with three replicates, containing 30 plants in each. One replicate was also planted as control. Serological and molecular detection methods, and statistical analysis on five growth parameters were used to evaluate their reactions to LYSV. LYSV infections in KG kırmızı, UG beyaz, Şampiyon, Perama, Seyhan, and Hazar were not detected by DAS-ELISA, but RT-PCR gave positive results to LYSV for all 15 tested cultivars. t-test results showed that LYSV inoculation caused significant reduction in all growth parameters for most cultivars. Duncan’s multiple range test found that Anka, UG kahverengi, and KG kahverengi performed badly in all growth parameters. On the other hand, Şampiyon and Perama were not significantly different to each other in all growth parameters, and performed very well in plant weight, plant height, and no. of leaves parameters. Based on results of this study, Şampiyon and Perama were considered as the most tolerant cultivar to LYSV.
Arapgir Dolma Biber Popülasyonundan Seleksiyonla Seçilen Ümitvar Genotiplerin Bitkisel Özellikleri Yönünden İncelenmesi
Authors: ALTUNTAŞ Özlem , KÜÇÜK Rabia , DEĞİRMENCİ Miraç
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışma, Malatya ve çevresinde biber yetiştiriciliğinde % 80 gibi yüksek bir oranda tercih edilen, yöre halkı tarafından severek tüketilen ve sebze yetiştiriciliği yapılan alanlarda en fazla yetiştirilen sebzelerden birisi olan Arapgir biberi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı popülasyonun saflaştırılması, verim ve kalitesi yüksek hatları ortaya çıkararak, standart ve hibrit çeşitler geliştirmek üzere başlangıç materyali elde etmektir. Arapgir biberi’nin yoğun olarak yetiştiriciliğinin yapıldığı yörelerden tohumluk toplanmış, bu tohumlardan yetiştirilen bitkiler değerlendirilmiş olup, seçilen hatların saflaştırılması “Döl Kontrollü Teksel Seleksiyon” yöntemi ile gerçekleşmiştir. İyi özellikteki 20 hat belirlenerek, iki yılın sonunda elde edilen hatlarda verim ve bazı meyve özellikleri tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, S3 (3234.3 g/m2), S4 (2959.7 g/m2) ve S12 (2662.6 g/m2) hatlarından verim bakımından diğer hatlara göre üstün sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca Arapgir biberinin morfolojik özellikleri, verim ve meyve özellikleri olarak devam eden bir çalışmanın iki yıllık ortalama sonuçları sunulmuştur. Bu bağlamda gruplar arası benzerlik dendogramı 2 farklı grup oluşturmuş ve biber örnekleri bu gruplandırmaya göre tanımlama yapılmıştır.
Karar Ağacı Algoritmaları ile Organik Ürün Tüketici Tercihlerinin Belirlenmesi: Iğdır İli Örneği
Authors: KADİRHANOĞULLARI İbrahim Hakkı , KARADAŞ Köksal , ÖZGER Ömer , KONU Meryem
Published: March 2021

Organik tarım ve gıda ürünleri insan sağlığı başta olmak üzere gıda güvenliği, hayvan refahı ve doğayı koruduğu için tercih edilmekte ve bu konu hakkında yapılan çalışmalar gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Iğdır İli kentsel alanda yaşayan tüketicilerin organik tarım ve gıda ürünleri tutum ve satın alma davranışlarını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma kapsamında, 168 tüketici ile yüz yüze anket yöntemi kullanılarak veriler toplanmış ve istatiksel analizi veri madenciliği yöntemlerinden karar ağacı algoritması kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Organik gıda ürünleri satın almayı etkileyen en belirleyici değişkenin Hanedeki Birey Sayısı olduğu görülmüştür. Hanedeki Birey Sayısı 6 ve daha altında olan (n=125, %86.2) kişiden Hanedeki Birey Sayısı 7 ve daha üstünde olanlara (n=14,%8.3) oranla daha fazla organik ürün tükettiği gözlenmiştir. Diğer önemli belirleyici faktörler ise “Aylık Hane Halkı Geliri” ve “Eğitim Durumu” olmuştur.
Dihaploidization in Promising Summer Squash Genotypes (Cucurbita pepo L.) via Irradiated Pollen Technique
Authors: KURTAR Ertan Sait , SEYMEN Musa , ÇETİN Ayşe Nur , TÜRKMEN Önder
Published: March 2021

Summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) is one of the important vegetable species preferred by the people of Turkey in terms of their nutritional value. F1 hybrid summer squash varieties are widely used both in the open field and protected cultivation. The majority of these varieties come from abroad, and our dependence on abroad continues. In this study, the effectiveness of the dihaploidization method, which has an important place in variety breeding studies, was investigated to reduce our import dependency and to produce new F1 hybrid varieties that are high yielded, quality, resistant to diseases and pests. In this context, 14 summer squash genotypes were used as plant material. Dihaploidization studies were carried out using the irradiated pollen technique. In total, 165 flowers were pollinated and 64 fruits, 7034 seeds, 521 embryos, and 144 plants were obtained. 111 pants were successfully acclimatized and cultivated in controlled conditions. As a result of ploidy analysis, 28 plants were haploid (2n=x=20), 77 were diploid (2n=2x=40) and 6 were mixoploid (containing diploid and haploid cells). Haploid plants were doubled with 1% olchicines treatment, grown in the greenhouse, selfed, and seeds were obtained.
Organik ve organomineral gübrelerin Prima üzüm çeşidinde verim, kalite ve bitki besleme üzerine etkileri
Authors: TANGOLAR Serpil , DEMİR Serkan , ADA Melike , ALKAN TORUN Ayfer , DUYMUŞ Ebru , TANGOLAR Semih
Published: March 2021

Organik ve organomineral sıvı gübrelerin, alternatif bitki besleme ürünleri olarak bahçe bitkilerinde kullanımı zamanla yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu nedenle gübrelerin bağcılık bölgeleri için önemli yeni bazı üzüm çeşitlerinde etkilerinin denenmesinin faydalı olacağı düşünülmüştür. Bu araştırma, Prima üzüm çeşidinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, yapraktan ve topraktan organik (BioGas, sırasıyla 400 cc 100 L-1 ve 4 L da-1) ve organomineral (AminoSEL-K, sırasıyla 300 cc 100 L-1 ve 4 L da-1), gübre uygulamalarının tek başına ve birlikte uygulanmasının etkilerine bakılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda en yüksek verim, salkım ağırlığı, büyüklüğü ve suda çözünebilir kuru madde değerlerinin (sırasıyla 9251 g omca-1, 462.6 g ve %15.58) organomineral uygulamasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Organik+organomineral uygulaması tane büyüklüğünü ayrı ayrı ve birlikte uygulandığında kontrol uygulamasına göre artırmıştır. Topraktan uygulamanın salkım ve tane büyüklüğünü artırdığı saptanmıştır. Topraktan ve yapraktan uygulama şekli toprak ve yaprağın besin maddesi kapsamında önemli farklılık oluşturmamıştır. Organik+organomineral gübre uygulamasında toprakta potasyum; yalnız organik uygulamasında toprakta magnezyum, demir, çinko ve bakır konsantrasyonları yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuçta, Prima çeşidinde farklı gübre ve uygulama şekli uygulamalarının incelenen özelliklere göre farklı etkide bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Ancak, bu gübrelerin etkisi konusunda kesin yargıya varılabilmesi için çalışmanın izleyen yıllarda da sürdürülmesinin uygun olacağı kanısına varılmıştır.
Simental ırkı sığırlarda STAT5A ve MYF5 gen polimorfizmleri ile süt verimi arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması
Authors: ERTAN Osman Tufan , AKYÜZ Bilal
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada Simental sığır ırkına ait toplam 202 hayvanda STAT5A-AvaI ve MYF5-TaqI polimorfizmleri ile günlük ve toplam süt verimi arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. PZR tekniği ile çoğaltılan 215 bç uzunluğundaki STAT5A gen bölgesi AvaI restriksiyon enzimi ile kesilirken, 512 bç uzunluğundaki MYF5 gen bölgesi TaqI enzimi ile kesilmiştir. Belirlenen STAT5A-AvaI ve MYF5-TaqI genotipleri ile günlük ve laktasyon süt verimleri arasındaki ilişki Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada incelenen Simental popülasyonunun STAT5A-AvaI ve MYF5-TaqI polimorfizmi yönünden Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) dengesinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda incelenen Simental ırkı sağmal ineklerde STAT5A-AvaI polimorfizmi yönünden CT genotipli sığırların hem birinci hemde ikinci laktasyonda diğer genotiplere göre daha yüksek süt verimine sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Buna karşın bu çalışmada incelenen Simental ırkı ineklerde MYF5-TaqI polimorfizmi ile günlük ve toplam laktasyon süt verimleri arasında ilişki olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, STAT5A-AvaI polimorfizminin, Simental sığır ırkında günlük ve toplam laktasyon süt verimlerinin iyileştirilmesi amacıyla yapılacak ıslah çalışmalarında kullanılabilme potansiyeline sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Arazi kullanım türü değişikliklerinin toprakların bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerine etkisinin araştırılması
Authors: MACİT Halil Burak , OGUZ İrfan , KOÇYİĞİT Rasim
Published: March 2021

Tokat-Zile ilçesine bağlı Binbaşıoğlu ve Belpınar Köylerinde yürütülen bu çalışmada, arazi kullanım türü değişiklilerinin toprakların bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma konuları Belpınar Köyü sürekli tarım arazisi (A), Belpınar Köyü tarım arazi kullanım türünden orman arazi kullanım türüne çevrilmiş arazi (B), Binbaşıoğlu Köyü sürekli tarım arazisi (C), Binbaşıoğlu Köyü sürekli mera arazisi (D), Binbaşıoğlu Köyü sürekli orman arazisi (E) ve Binbaşıoğlu Köyü ormandan tarıma çevrilmiş arazi (F). Çalışma kapsamında farklı arazi kullanımına sahip toprakların aşınıma duyarlılık, tekstür, çok ince kum, iskelet yüzdesi, agregat stabilitesi, hacim ağırlığı, dispersiyon oranı, hidrolik kondaktivite, kireç, pH, EC ve organik madde gibi özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma konuları dispersiyon oranları %15’in altında olmuş ve erozyona dayanıklı topraklar olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Benzer şekilde, araştırma konuları aşınıma duyarlılık değerleri az ve orta derecede aşınabilir topraklar olarak belirlenmiştir. Sürekli mera ve orman arazilerinde yeterli vejetasyonunun olmaması toprakların organik madde içeriğinin ve agregat stabilitesinin yetersiz olmasında etkili olmuştur. Sürekli tarım, ormandan tarıma dönüştürülen arazi ve tarımdan ormana dönüştürülen arazilerde aradan geçen sürenin 10 yıldan az olması nedeniyle, beklenen olumlu ve olumsuz bariz değişimler gözlenememiştir.
Pertumbuhan Planlet Lidah Mertua (Sansevieria sp.) Blue Leaf dari Kultur Kalus
Authors: RATNADEWI DIAH , IZZATI AI NURHASANAH HUSNUL , TJAHJOLEKSONO ARIS
Published: March 2021

Lidah mertua (Sansevieria sp.) Blue Leaf is a slow growing ornamental plant. It is also difficult to reproduce. Therefore market demands for this plant is impossible to fulfill through conventional methods of propagation such as leaf cutting or layering. Tissue culture is one of the alternatives to solve the problem of plant propagation. In vitro culture of Sansevieria calli was induced for shooting, and rooting afterwards. The basic media of WP was superior than MS in producing multiple shoots, and this WP media containing of BAP 5 mg/L and NAA 0,5 mg/L (WH1) gave the highest number of shoots and leaves on plantlets, as well as the best growth performance. The shoots started to appear two weeks after culture. Plantlets from WH1 rooted in higher frequency as well on rooting media. A mixture of compost, sand, and zeolit (4:4:1) enriched with a nutritive solution, composting of 1⁄4 WP plus IBA 0.5 mg/L, was a poreous media that was able to induce rooting of this plant.
Sponge-Associated Actinobacteria: Morphological Character and Antibacterial Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: DITA SASMIATI FARACH , BUDIARTI SRI , LESTARI YULIN
Published: March 2021

Sponge-associated actinobacteria may diverse and have potency to produce bioactive compounds. Diversity and antimicrobial activity of indigenous sponge-associated actinobacteria isolated from the marine ecosystem in Indonesia have not much been explored. This work aimed to assess morphological and antibacterial activity of sponge-associated actinobacteria. The morphological characteristics were examined based on their color of aerial and substrate mycelia, and pigmentation, while antibacterial activities were assayed using the antagonist technique. The selected actinobacterial isolate was identified using 16S rRNA gene. Various sponge-associated actinobacteria were successfully isolated from Hyrtios sp., Callyspongia sp., and Neofibularia sp. sponges. A total of 62 actinobacterial isolates were obtained, and each isolate showed a variety of morphological characters, which could be seen in aerial mass color, substrate mass color, and pigmentation. Actinobacterial isolates were tested against human pathogenic bacteria, i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus, representing Gram-positive, and Escherichia coli EPEC K1-1 and Shigella dysenteriae, representing Gram-negative. Most of actinobacterial isolates had antimicrobial activities at least against one of pathogenic bacteria. High activity was shown by NOHa.2, isolated from Neofibularia, and HRHa.5 isolated from Hyrtios. The NOHa.2 showed the highest antimicrobial activity against S. dysenteriae, meanwhile, HRHa.5 showed antimicrobial activity against 3 of 4 tested bacterial pathogens. These data showed diversity of sponge-asccociated actinobacteria from marine ecosystem in Indonesia, and several of them have potency as source of antibacterial compounds
Diversitas Serangga Penyerbuk dan Pembentukkan Buah Tanaman Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: NUGROHO ARI , ATMOWIDI TRI , KAHONO SIH
Published: March 2021

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an entomophilous plant which is need insects for pollination. Pollinator insects increase cocoa’s fruit set. The aim of this research were to study diversity of pollinator insects, visiting activity of fly, Forcipomyia (Diptera), and fruit set of cocoa. Observation of pollinator insects was conducted by scan sampling method. Visiting activity of Forcipomyia were observed based on duration visit per flower, number of flowers visited per minute, and duration of activity on flowers. Pollen load on body of Forcipomyia were measured. Pollination effectiveness of insect were measured from the number and size of the cocoa fruit. Result showed that 19 species of insects visitors on cocoa flowers were observed. Nine species are pollinator of cocoa’s plants i.e. Forcipomyia, Cecidomyia, Stilobezzia, Drosophila, Orimarga, Dolichoderus, Pheidole, Megachile, and Nomia. Cocoa pollination by insects produced 3% fruit higher than flowers without insect pollination. Pollination by insects produced size and weight of fruit, and number of seed per fruit were higher than pollination without insects.
Biodiversitas Kumbang Koprofagus di Lahan Pertanian Organik dan Non-organik
Authors: LATIFA HANNA , ATMOWIDI TRI , NOERDJITO WORO
Published: March 2021

Coprophagous beetle has important role in decomposition of organic materials. This research aimed to study and analyze the diversity and abundance of coprophagous beetles in organic and non-organic farms. Coprophagous beetles were collected in organic farm of Bina Sarana Bakti and non-organic farm of Seruni in Cisarua, West Java. In each location, twenty dung traps were set up in corn plants, carrot plants, cabbage plants, and onion plants. Totally, 15 species (610 individuals) of coprophagous beetles belonging to two families i.e Scarabaeidae and Aphodiidae were collected. Coprophagous beetles in organic farms (389 individuals, 13 species) more divers than that in non-organic farms (221 individuals, 10 species). There was no dominant species in both of locations (C<0.5). The most dominant species in organic farm was Copris reflexus (49%) and in non-organic farm was Onthopagus pauper (52%). Beetles similarity in organic and non-organic farm was 67%.
Kopi Arabika-Gayo Menurunkan MDA dan Meningkatkan SOD setelah Latihan Fisik Akut Submaksimal pada Pria Sedenter
Authors: ARITANOGA MAHMUDIN , EFFENDI CHOESNAN , HERAWATI LILIK
Published: March 2021

It is known that coffee has much phenolic components such as flavonoids and chlorogenic acids (CGAs) content for neutralizing oxidative stress. Gayo-arabica coffee is a typical arabica coffee which widely used by Gayo people in Aceh, Indonesia. The coffee plants also grow in Gayo. However, it has not clearly understood its effect for health. The study aimed is to analyze the Gayo-arabica coffee consumption on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as an indicator of damage cells due to oxidative stress and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a marker of antioxidant enzyme, after performing a single bout submaximal physical exercise. Male sedentary subjects (21-27 y.o), consisted of 36 men, divided into 3 groups: control (zero of coffee), Gayo1 (15 g coffee in 200 ml water), and Gayo2 (20 g coffee in 200 ml water). Coffee was given once, after rockport test as a single bout submaximal physical exercise. MDA serum and SOD serum were taken after 1 hour of coffee drinking. MDA serum decreased significantly in Gayo1 (8.01 uM) and Gayo2 (10.36 uM), compared to control (26.82 uM). SOD serum increased significantly in Gayo1 (114.81 ng/ ml) and Gayo2 (101.48 ng/ml), compared to control (24.024 ng/ml). Nevertheless, there was no significantly different between Gayo1 and Gayo2 on MDA and SOD serum (p≥0.05). We suggest that the Gayo-arabica coffee after single bout submaximal exercise can diminish stress oxidative in sedentary people.
Keanekaragaman Musuh Alami Koloni Lepidotrigona terminata Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae)
Authors: Wicaksono Anggun , Atmowidi Tri , Priawandiputra Windra
Published: March 2021

The research about types of natural enemies of stinless bees Lepidotrigona terminata had been conducted in West Java. All natural enemis were identified morphologically and their habitat. There were 687 individuals of 14 species of  natural enemies obtained in this research, i.e., Pseudeuophrys sp., Heliophanus sp., Argiope versicolor, Plexippus paykuli, Marpissa sp., Parasteatoda tepidariorum, Tegenaria sp., Nasutitermes javanicus, Paratrechina sp., Polyrhachis sp., Paratrechina longicornis, Rhynchium haemorrhoidale, Hemidactylus frenatus and Hemidactylus garnotii. Based on observation, spider, ants, and lizard were the predators of stingless bee. The results are expected as data and knowledge in the conservation and cultivation of stingless bees.
Curbing Tax Evasion through Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) in Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Abdul Hassan , Zubairu Umaru , Abubakar Bilkisu
Published: March 2021

This study assessed the effectiveness of the introduction of Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) in curbing tax evasion in Niger State, Nigeria from the point of view of ten tax officers of the Niger State Internal Revenue Service. Adopting a qualitative research design, ten tax officers were interviewed to understand their collective perceptions of the level of tax evasion in Niger State before and after the introduction of TIN. Thematic analyses of the interviews revealed that all ten tax officials agreed that tax evasion was at a very high level before the introduction of TIN, but reduced dramatically after the introduction of TIN proving its efficacy. The study recommended that tax evasion in the State could be further reduced if businesses operating in the informal sector could be registered and included in the database of taxable entities.
PEMANFAATAN ALAT PENGERING IKAN LAUT MENGGUNAKAN TENAGA SURYA DI DESA PEJALA KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU
Authors: Irawan Agus , Nuryadin Muhammad Teguh , Anwar Hairul , Khalid Anhar , Fauzi Yusuf Rizal , Risa Mey
Published: March 2021

Masyarakat nelayan di desa Pejala Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu saat ini mengolah hasil tangkapan ikannya menjadi ikan asin untuk dijual di pasaran. Adapun teknik pengeringan ikannya masih manual yang mengandalkan cuaca cerah dirasa kurang efektif karena faktor cuaca yang sulit diprediksi. Bila dibiarkan terus menerus tentunya berakibat pada menurunnya kuantitas dan kualitas produksi ikan asin serta berpengaruh pada pendapatan/kesejahteraan mereka. Solusi yang dipilih adalah pemanfaatan teknologi tepat guna yaitu membuat alat pengolah/pengering ikan asin laut yang hemat energi dan tidak dipengaruhi oleh faktor cuaca/alam seperti hujan. Tujuannya dengan penggunaan alat ini dapat meningkatkan pendapatan/kesejahteraan nelayan secara umum. Sehingga target yang diharapkan adalah satu tahun berikutnya dan seterusnya nelayan-nelayan melalui kelompoknya bisa mandiri dalam mengelola bentuk usahanya baik proses perencanaan, produksi dan pemasarannya.  Adapun bentuk Metode kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan meliputi (1) Koordinasi dengan pihak terkait (Poliban-Pemda/Perangkat Desa) untuk membina kelompok nelayan (UKM) setempat; (2) mengidentifikasi permasalahan dan menentukan solusi; (3) membuat alat pengering ikan teknologi tepat guna yang efektif dan efisien memanfaatkan energi tenaga surya; (4) melakukan pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam proses produksi dan pemasaran. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian yang dilaksanakan berupa peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas produk hasil pengolahan ikan dan hasil laut serta sungai, sehingga masyarakat mampu meningkatkan penghasilan.
Problems and prospects of bovine tuberculosis serological diagnosis
Authors: Baratov M. O.
Published: March 2021

For the purposes of tuberculosis eradication on any tuberculosis-infected farm, it is necessary to identify tuberculin anergic animals, being a potential source of the infection. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of complement fixing and haemagglutinating antibodies for the detection cattle infected with bovine tuberculosis (TB). 977 cattle of different sex and age groups on two tuberculosis-infected farms were tested thrice over time. After 35 days all tuberculin reactive cattle (132 animals; 13.5%) were subjected to complex testing using allergy and serology methods. After 40 days, (Stage 3) animals demonstrating apparent specific antibody activity and low cell immunity were tested. Allergy tests were proved to be non-informative to diagnose tuberculosis on infected farms. Complement fixing and haemagglutinating antibodies were found to be active in tuberculin anergic animals. A higher antigenicity of Ukrainian RIEVM TB antigen complex as compared to Siberian RVI one was revealed by complement fixation test as well as by indirect haemagglutination test using VIEV polysaccharide antigen; the detection rate was 68 (7.0%), 28 (2.9%) and 299 (30.6%) respectively. The correlation between seropositivity and immunoreactivity was not established. Animals, positive in complement fixation and indirect haemagglutination tests, did not react to tuberculin. Nineteen out of twenty tuberculin reactive animals showed post mortem lesions, consistent with their seropositivity during post-mortem inspection; moreover, the postmortem lesions of animals, positive in complement fixation test using Siberian RVI antigen, were consistent in all cases. The results obtained suggest a high performance of allergy test and serological test combination and a promising potential of their complex use for tuberculosis diagnosis in cattle.
Effectiveness of vaccines produced by the Federal State-Financed Institution “ARRIAH” against topical genotype VII Newcastle disease viruses
Authors: Frolov S. V. , Moroz N. V. , Chvala I. A. , Irza V. N.
Published: March 2021

In 2019, the situation regarding Newcastle disease in the Russian Federation worsened radically due to the spread of NDV subgenotype VII-L throughout the country from the Primorsky Krai to the Kursk Oblast. As a result, 17 infected settlements with backyard farms where unvaccinated poultry was kept were registered. In this study, immunogenicity of the vaccines produced by the FGBI “ARRIAH”, as well as the effectiveness of various vaccination schedules to prevent genotype VII NDVs, relevant for the Russian Federation, was studied. It is known that the currently circulating ND agent is significantly more virulent compared to the viruses isolated in previous years, and it is able to bypass the immunity provided by live vaccines. Test results demonstrated that the vaccines against genotype VII NDVs produced by the FGBI “ARRIAH” are highly immunogenic, which allows to effectively prevent the disease when using them as part of a standard vaccination schedule. A 2-dose vaccination schedule using live vaccine from the La Sota strain as well as the “complete” vaccination schedule using inactivated vaccines provides immunity in 100% of chicks. The use of live vaccines in a single- and double-dose vaccination schedules prevents mortality and clinical disease in poultry, but does not prevent virus replication, while the addition of an inactivated vaccine to the immunization schedule does prevent the replication of the virulent virus. Thus, the use of domestically produced live and inactivated vaccines, primarily the ones containing the La Sota strain, with the following control of the immunity level and booster vaccination, if required, is the main tool for the disease control.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of drug induced liver injury secondary to biologic medications in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Eyad Gadour , Zeinab Hassan
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Drug-induced Hepatotoxicity and biologic drugs have historically been challenging in IBD. We aim to study the prevalence of hepatotoxicity in adult patients using biologic medications. Methodology: With the guidelines described by PRISMA-P, a detailed search strategy for each electronic database was developed based on PubMed, Medline, and Embase. We include RCTs that assessed the efficacy and hepatotoxicity of biologics in IBD patients. Hepatotoxicity was defined as AST and/or ALT >2x upper limit of normal or cholestasis. The Odds ratio (OR) was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi2 test and the I2 statistic. Results: 862 records identified in total. After removing the duplicates 564 records were left for review. Four studies did not report on how participants were randomized to treatment groups or how allocation concealment was achieved, we rated these studies at unclear risk of bias for these domains. There was no presence of any heterogeneity among studies by (Chi2= 2.21, df = 6, p = 0.90, and I2 = 0%). Our meta-analysis was conducted on the fixed effects model, with the (0.770, 95% CI [-0.630, 0.957], and p = 0.02). Hepatotoxicity was not related to any TNF-α antagonist. Thiopurine induced liver injury occurred more frequently within the first months of treatment, 50% of cases within the first 3 months (11.4% vs. 2.3%, p < 0.05). Conclusion: When hepatotoxicity occurred, the treatment was withdrawn in thirty one percent of patients. This group of patients had a dose-dependent hepatotoxicity rather than an immunologic hepatitis.
Recurrent hydrothorax due to diaphragmatic perforation post hepatocellular carcinoma radiofrequency ablation: A case report
Authors: Laia Aceituno , Alba Prió , Fernando L Ascanio , Xavier Serres-Créixams , Beatríz Mínguez , Joan Genescà , Lluís Castells , Ares A Villagrasa
Published: March 2021

Radiofrequency ablation is one of the most commonly used therapies for potentially curative small hepatocellular carcinoma. Although radiofrequency is usually a safe procedure, severe and potentially fatal complications can happen. This is a case of a 72 years old woman with cirrhosis secondary to Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), who presented recurrent hydrothorax after treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and in which diaphragmatic perforation was subsequently diagnosed. We reviewed the differential diagnosis and management in a pleural effusion after a radiofrequency procedure. Although diaphragmatic perforation is an uncommon complication after RFA procedure, this case aims to help clinicians being aware of non-habitual complications.
Giant hepatic cystadenoma mimicking a hydatid cyst: A challenging preoperative diagnosis
Authors: Mosaab Ghannouchi , Amina Chaka , Seifeddine Ben Hammouda , Mohamed Ben Khalifa , Asma Chaouech , Karim Nacef , Kamel Hleli , Moez Boudokhane
Published: March 2021

Biliary cystadenoma is a rare cystic tumor of the liver. It has a high recurrence rate and malignant transformation risk in middle-aged women. Pre-operative diagnosis is difficult because of the lack of clinical, biological and radiological specificity. The confirmation of the diagnosis is made by the histopathological examination. Complete surgical resection is preferred because of the high risk of malignant transformation and recurrence.
Price Reduction in Vienna Sales Convention and Compatibility Check in Sale of Goods Act of Pakistan
Authors: GARDAZI SYED MUDASSER FIDA , IQBAL MUHAMMAD ASIM , NAWAZ HAFIZ MUHAMMAD USMAN
Published: March 2021

Price reduction is one of the civil law remedies incorporated in the Vienna sales convention. On the other hand, Pakistan is neither the signatory of the convention nor its national sales law posses this remedy. Therefore a research is highly required to fill this vacuum and find out a solution for international buyer who is involved in trade with parties in Pakistan. Thus the study aims to investigate the suitability of price reduction in compatibility with existing legal regime. The study reveals the raison d'être in contract making via relative analysis of the existence of price reduction as an assurance for performance and certainty. The results depict that adding price reduction as remedy will be a good legal cover to the buyer's claims and a better response to the business practices in Pakistan. Especially, where the buyer is facing difficulties to prove his loss he may simply opt to reduce the price. Hence, study recommends that introducing the 'price reduction' as a remedy in the local legal system will enhance the confidence of a commercial buyer from the international community. Keywords: Sale of Goods, CISG, Price Reduction, Remedy.