bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancements in monkeypox vaccines development: a critical review of emerging technologies
Authors: Garcia-Atutxa Igor , Mondragon-Teran Paul , Huerta-Saquero Alejandro , Villanueva-Flores Francisca
Published: October 2024

Monkeypox (mpox) is a zoonotic illness caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), with higher health concerns among people who are pregnant, children, and persons who are immunocompromised, including people with untreated and advanced HIV disease. Significant progress has been made in developing vaccines against mpox, yet critical challenges and limitations persist in ensuring their effectiveness, safety, and accessibility. The pertinence of this review is highlighted by the World Health Organization’s declaration of a global health emergency on August 14, 2024, due to the recent mpox outbreak, underscoring the critical necessity for effective vaccine solutions in the face of a rapidly evolving virus. Here, we comprehensively analyze various vaccine platforms utilized in mpox prevention, including attenuated and non-replicating virus vaccines, viral vector-based vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, and DNA and mRNA vaccines. We evaluate the advantages and limitations of each platform, highlighting the urgent need for ongoing research and innovation to enhance vaccine efficacy and safety. Recent advancements, such as incorporating immunostimulatory sequences, improved delivery systems, and developing polyvalent vaccines, are explored for their potential to offer broader protection against diverse orthopoxvirus strains. This work underscores the need to optimize currently available vaccines and investigate novel vaccination strategies to address future public health emergencies effectively. By focusing on these advanced methodologies, we aim to contribute to the development of robust and adaptable vaccine solutions for mpox and other related viral threats.
Toll-like receptor 7 protects against intestinal inflammation and restricts the development of colonic tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells
Authors: Hamade Hussein , Tsuda Masato , Oshima Naoki , Stamps Dalton T. , Wong Michelle H. , Stamps Jasmine T. , Thomas Lisa S. , Salumbides Brenda C. , Jin Caroline , Nunnelee Jordan S. , Dhall Deepti , Targan Stephan R. , Michelsen Kathrin S.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The maintenance of intestinal homeostasis depends on a complex interaction between the immune system, intestinal epithelial barrier, and microbiota. Alteration in one of these components could lead to the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Variants within the autophagy gene ATG16L1 have been implicated in susceptibility and severity of Crohn’s disease (CD). Individuals carrying the risk ATG16L1 T300A variant have higher caspase 3-dependent degradation of ATG16L1 resulting in impaired autophagy and increased cellular stress. ATG16L1-deficiency induces enhanced IL-1β secretion in dendritic cells in response to bacterial infection. Infection of ATG16L1-deficient mice with a persistent strain of murine norovirus renders these mice highly susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium colitis. Moreover, persistent norovirus infection leads to intestinal virus specific CD8+ T cells responses. Both Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), which recognizes single-stranded RNA viruses, and ATG16L1, which facilitates the delivery of viral nucleic acids to the autolysosome endosome, are required for anti-viral immune responses.

Results and discussion

However, the role of the enteric virome in IBD is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of TLR7 and ATG16L1 in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. At steady state, Tlr7-/- mice have a significant increase in large intestinal lamina propria (LP) granzyme B+ tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) cells compared to WT mice, reminiscent of persistent norovirus infection. Deletion of Atg16l1 in myeloid (Atg16l1ΔLyz2) or dendritic cells (Atg16l1ΔCd11c) leads to a similar increase of LP TRM. Furthermore, Tlr7-/- and Atg16l1ΔCd11c mice were more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium colitis with an increase in disease activity index, histoscore, and increased secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Treatment of Atg16l1ΔCd11c mice with the TLR7 agonist Imiquimod attenuated colonic inflammation in these mice. Our data demonstrate that ATG16L1-deficiency in myeloid and dendritic cells leads to an increase in LP TRM and consequently to increased susceptibility to colitis by impairing the recognition of enteric viruses by TLR7.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the convergence of ATG16L1 and TLR7 signaling pathways plays an important role in the immune response to intestinal viruses. Our data suggest that activation of the TLR7 signaling pathway could be an attractive therapeutic target for CD patients with ATG16L1 risk variants.
Prey diversity in the deep ocean: metabarcoding feeding ecology of the commercially important queen snapper in the US Caribbean
Authors: Williams Stacey M. , Prada Carlos , Beltrán Diana M.
Published: October 2024

The queen snapper, Etelis oculatus, is experiencing a growing fishery presence across the wider Caribbean, yet our understanding of its distribution, biology, and ecology remains limited. To address this gap, we investigated the feeding ecology of this demersal deep-water snapper using two molecular approaches: single-species barcoding and multispecies metabarcoding. Between November 2019 and July 2020, we collected 157 queen snapper from seven locations along the west coast of Puerto Rico. Our analysis identified a diverse array of prey items in the stomachs, comprising 61 species from 31 families, 18 orders, and 38 genera. Our findings suggest that E. oculatus is a large carnivore, primarily preying on squids, shrimps, and deep-water fishes. Notably, common fish prey included Diaphus brachycephalus, D. dumerilii, Dasyscopelus selenops, Coccorella atlantica, Sigmops elongatus, and Zaphotias pedaliotus. In contrast, prevalent invertebrate prey consisted of Abralia veranyi, Doryteuthis pealeii, Abralia redfieldi, Oplophorus gracilirostris, and Systellaspis debilis. Although our data suggest potential variation in diet composition across locations, definitive conclusions remain elusive. However, we observed heightened prey richness at seamount Pichincho, possibly attributable to the high structural complexity of the karst terrain on the seafloor. Additionally, we noted variation in prey species composition across size classes, with certain species more prevalent in larger or smaller queen snapper. Given the challenge of examining the prey of deep-water fish species, our study showcases the utility of both single-species barcoding and multispecies metabarcoding methodologies in characterizing the dietary range of queen snapper and similar demersal deep-water carnivorous fishes. The multispecies metabarcoding approach, in particular, offers a rapid, comprehensive, and effective means of identifying prey species. As the commercial value of the queen snapper continues to rise, our investigation into its feeding behavior provides critical baseline information for future species management efforts. By enhancing our understanding of its ecological dynamics, we aim to contribute to informed conservation and sustainable fisheries practices in the region.
Early diagenesis, sedimentary dynamics and metal enrichment reveal deep-sea ventilation in Magellan Seamounts during the middle Pleistocene
Authors: Shen Zhongshan , Chen Yanping , Mikhailik Pavel , Cai Yun , Wang Haifeng , Yi Liang
Published: October 2024

Seamounts are ubiquitous topographic units in the global oceans, and the Caiwei Guyot in the Magellan Seamounts of the western Pacific is a prime example. In this study, we analyzed a well-dated sediment core using magnetic properties, sediment grain size, and metal enrichment to uncover regional ventilation history during the middle Pleistocene and explore potential linkages to global climate changes. Our principal findings are as follows: (1) The median grain size is 3.3 ± 0.2 μm, and clay and silt particles exhibit minimal variation, with average values of 52.8 ± 1.8% and 38.2 ± 1.6%, respectively, indicating a low-dynamic process; (2) Three grain-size components are identified, characterized by modal patterns of ~3 μm (major one), ~40 μm, and 400–500 μm, respectively; (3) Magnetic coercivity of the deep-sea sediments can be classified into three subgroups, and their coercivity values are 6.1 ± 0.5 mT, 25.7 ± 1.0 mT, and 65.2 ± 2.1 mT. Based on these results, we propose a close linkage between magnetic coercivity and metal enrichment, correlating with changes in deep-sea circulation intensity. Conversely, sediment grain-size changes seem to be more strongly influenced by eolian inputs. Consequently, we suggest that regional ventilation has weakened since ~430 ka, likely linked to a reduction in Antarctic bottom water formation.
Association of frailty and serum neurofilament light chain levels: the mediating role of estimated glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Yang Wei , Huang Shan , Xiao Huanshun , Tao Pei , Cai Shuangming
Published: October 2024

Background

Both frailty and elevated serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels are linked to cognitive impairment. However, evidence of their relationship is lacking, and whether it was mediated by renal function was unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between frailty and sNfL levels in a representative U.S. population, and to explore the potential mediating role of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in this relationship.

Methods

Data from 1,782 participants aged 20–75 years in the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Frailty was assessed using a 49-item frailty index, and participants were categorized as non-frail, pre-frail, or frail. sNfL levels were measured using acoustic emission technology. Multivariable linear regression models and restricted cubic spline analyses were employed to examine the associations between frailty, eGFR, and sNfL levels. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the role of eGFR in the frailty-sNfL relationship.

Results

The prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty was 45.39 and 11.60%, respectively. A significant positive association was observed between frailty score and sNfL levels (adjusted β: 39.97, SE: 11.07, p = 0.003), with a linear relationship confirmed by restricted cubic spline analysis. Frail individuals had significantly higher sNfL levels compared to non-frail participants (adjusted β: 11.86, SE: 5.42, p = 0.04). eGFR was negatively associated with sNfL levels (adjusted β: -0.23, SE: 0.05, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that eGFR accounted for 12.52% of the total effect of frailty on sNfL levels (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a significant association between frailty and elevated sNfL levels in a representative U.S. population, with eGFR partially mediating this relationship. These findings suggest that sNfL may serve as a potential biomarker for frailty-related neuronal damage and highlight the importance of kidney function in this association. Further research is warranted to explore the clinical implications of these findings in frailty assessment and management strategies.
CAM-Vtrans: real-time sports training utilizing multi-modal robot data
Authors: LinLin Hong , Sangheang Lee , GuanTing Song
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Assistive robots and human-robot interaction have become integral parts of sports training. However, existing methods often fail to provide real-time and accurate feedback, and they often lack integration of comprehensive multi-modal data.

Methods

To address these issues, we propose a groundbreaking and innovative approach: CAM-Vtrans—Cross-Attention Multi-modal Visual Transformer. By leveraging the strengths of state-of-the-art techniques such as Visual Transformers (ViT) and models like CLIP, along with cross-attention mechanisms, CAM-Vtrans harnesses the power of visual and textual information to provide athletes with highly accurate and timely feedback. Through the utilization of multi-modal robot data, CAM-Vtrans offers valuable assistance, enabling athletes to optimize their performance while minimizing potential injury risks. This novel approach represents a significant advancement in the field, offering an innovative solution to overcome the limitations of existing methods and enhance the precision and efficiency of sports training programs.
Dietary strategies and nutritional supplements in the management of heart failure: a systematic review
Authors: Yu Xinyi , Chen Qilan , Xu Lou Inmaculada
Published: October 2024

Background and objective

Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome of increased intracardiac pressure or decreased cardiac output. There is a lack of conclusive evidence to recommend the regular use of any dietary supplement in patients with HF. However, certain studies have shown nutritional interventions to be beneficial for patients with HF. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to understand and map the updates of dietary interventions and nutritional supplementation measures related to patients with HF over the past 5 years.

Study design

A systematic review.

Methods

The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomized clinical trials on the association between dietary interventions and nutritional supplements and HF published between 2018 and 2023. A total of 1755 documents were retrieved, of which 19 were finalized for inclusion.

Results

The findings suggest that individualized nutritional support reduces mortality and risk of major cardiovascular events in chronic heart failure inpatients at high nutritional risk. The Mediterranean diet improves functionality, quality of life, and cardiac function. Additionally, supplementation with thiamine, ubiquinol, D-ribose, and L-arginine enhances left ventricular ejection fraction. Probiotic yogurt may effectively improve the inflammatory and antioxidative status of chronic heart failure. Whey protein and melatonin have a positive effect on improving endothelial function in HF patients.

Conclusion

Certain dietary interventions and nutritional supplements may provide some benefit to patients with HF. However, there is no relevant definitive evidence on the impact of nutritional interventions on the prognosis of HF, and more high-quality clinical trials are needed for further in-depth studies.

Systematic review registration

Identifier, CRD42024510847
Microvascular invasion is associated with poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Jinbin , Tan Yiyuan , Gao Shuntian , Lee Weijen , Ye Yuedian , Deng Gengguo , Huang Zhansen , Li Xiaoming , Li Jiang , Cheong Samun , Di Jinming
Published: October 2024

Background

This retrospective cohort study and meta-analysis aims to explore the association between microvascular invasion (MVI) and clinicopathologiccal features, as well as survival outcomes of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Material and methods

The retrospective cohort study included 30 RCC patients with positive MVI and another 75 patients with negative MVI as controls. Clinicopathological features and follow-up data were compiled. The meta-analysis conducted searches on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and WanFang Data from the beginning to 30 September 2023, for comparative studies relevant to MVI patients. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Egger Test were used to assess the risk of biases and certainty of evidence in the included studies.

Results

The cohort study showed that MVI was associated with advanced primary tumor stage, high pathological grades, high tumor size, high clinical symptoms and lymph node invasion (P <0.05). Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated MVI was associated with worse CSS rates when compared to MVI negative group (P <0.05). However, in the multivariate analysis it was not presented as an independent predictor of cancer survival mortality (P >0.05). The meta-analysis part included 11 cohort studies. The results confirmed that patients with MVI positive had worse 12 and 60 mo CSS rates (HR12mo = 0.86, 95%CI 0.80–0.92; HR60mo = 0.63, 95% CI 0.55–0.72; P < 0.00001). Moreover, the meta-analysis also confirmed that MVI group was associated with higher rate of advanced tumor stage, pathological grades, tumor size diameter, higher rate of clinical symptoms and lymph node invasion (P <0.05).

Conclusions

The presence of MVI in renal cell carcinoma patients is linked to poorer survival outcomes and worse clinicopathological features. In spite of this, it does not seem to be an independent predictor for cancer survival mortality in renal cell carcinoma.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023470640, identifier CRD42023470640.
Case Report: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a 13-year-old boy with a history of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula
Authors: Bernar B. , Mayerhofer C. , Fuchs T. , Schweigmann G. , Gassner E. , Crazzolara R. , Hetzer B. , Klingkowski U. , Zschocke A. , Cortina G.
Published: October 2024

In adults, esophageal cancers are a global health concern. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for approximately 90% of esophageal carcinomas. The prognosis of esophageal cancers remains dismal, with a five-year survival rate below 20%. It typically affects older patients, and for now, ESCC after esophageal atresia has not been reported in patients younger than 18 years. We present an exceptional case of an ESCC in a 13-year-old boy with a history of esophageal atresia and corrective surgery in infancy. After the surgery the patient was lost to surgical follow up for over ten years and then presented to our emergency department with respiratory distress requiring antibiotic therapy and supplemental oxygen. Radiologic imaging revealed a volume reduction of the right lung with bronchiectasis, as well as esophageal stenosis at the level of the previous anastomosis, with an adjacent abscess in the right lung. These changes may have arisen due to a chronic fistula from the esophagus to the right lung. Initial interventional therapy with a stent implantation had no lasting success and, in an effort to prevent further aspiration into the right lung, a cervical esophagus stoma was established, and the patient received prolonged antibiotic treatment. However, a thoracic CT scan performed 4 months later revealed a large, retrospectively progressive prevertebral mass originating from the distal portion of the esophagus below the stenosis, compressing the trachea and the right main bronchus. The patient's condition rapidly worsened and he developed respiratory failure, requiring veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Unfortunately, an endoscopic biopsy revealed an advanced ESCC. With no rational treatment options available, we changed the goals of care to a palliative setting. The key message of this case is that in adolescents with chronic infections, an abscess can potentially mask a malignant transformation. Therefore, in adolescents, with an history of corrective surgery for esophageal atresia and chronic complications, consideration should also be given to the possibility of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
Shaping cardiac destiny: the role of post-translational modifications on endoplasmic reticulum – mitochondria crosstalk in cardiac remodeling
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Shi Shuqing , Du Yihang , Chai Ruoning , Guo Zezhen , Duan Chenglin , Wang Huan , Hu Yuanhui , Chang Xing , Du Bai
Published: October 2024

Cardiac remodeling is a shared pathological change in most cardiovascular diseases. Encompassing both adaptive physiological responses and decompensated pathological changes. Anatomically, atrial remodeling is primarily caused by atrial fibrillation, whereas ventricular remodeling is typically induced by myocardial infarction, hypertension, or cardiomyopathy. Mitochondria, the powerhouse of cardiomyocytes, collaborate with other organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum to control a variety of pathophysiological processes such as calcium signaling, lipid transfer, mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and mitophagy. This mechanism is proven to be essential for cardiac remodeling. Post-translational modifications can regulate intracellular signaling pathways, gene expression, and cellular stress responses in cardiac cells by modulating protein function, stability, and interactions, consequently shaping the myocardial response to injury and stress. These modifications, in particular phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, are essential for the regulation of the complex molecular pathways that underlie cardiac remodeling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the crosstalk between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria during cardiac remodeling, focusing on the regulatory effects of various post-translational modifications on these interactions.
The emotional profile of Slovak freshmen in teaching English as a foreign language
Authors: Kralova Zdena , Petrovic Frantisek , Hrbackova Karla , Sebokova Jessica
Published: October 2024

The article focuses on tracing changes in Slovak pre-service TEFL student teachers’ emotional states over the first semester of their university study and detecting possible factors inciting their emotions. It highlights the importance of understanding these emotional states as they significantly impact students’ perceptions of their suitability as educators. A mixed-methods approach was employed to collect qualitative and quantitative data through questionnaires, reflections, and interviews. The sample consisted of 67 non-native Slovak first-year TEFL students. It was found that the students experienced a range of emotions, from initial confusion and worry to eventual joy and contentment. Negative emotions were mainly triggered by the flood of new information and study-related factors, while positive emotions were associated with the supportive attitude of teachers and the freedom of university life.
Uptake and correlates of influenza vaccine among older adults residing in rural regions of south China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhao Peizhen , Xu Wenqian , Wang Jinshen , Liang Peng , Li Haiyi , Wang Cheng
Published: October 2024

Background

Seasonal influenza continues to pose a substantial public health challenge for older adults residing in rural areas worldwide. Vaccination remains the most efficacious means of preventing influenza. This study aimed to investigate the extent of influenza vaccine coverage and identify the factors influencing vaccine uptake among older adults in rural regions of south China.

Methods

A cross-sectional study utilizing convenience sampling was conducted in two rural sites in Guangdong Province. Individuals needed to meet specific inclusion criteria: (1) attainment of 60 years of age or older; (2) originating from rural households; (3) demonstrating a voluntary desire to partake in the survey, either through written or verbal informed consent. Data encompassed variables such as socio-demographic information, influenza infection and vaccination history, knowledge and attitudes toward influenza vaccination, and perceived beliefs regarding the influenza vaccine. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to ascertain the factors associated with influenza vaccine utilization. In the multivariable model, adjustments were made for gender, age, legal marital status, highest educational attainment, and monthly income.

Results

A total of 423 participants were ultimately included in this study, with the majority falling within the age range of 60–75 years (81.3%). Only one-third of the participants had received an influenza vaccine in the past year (30.0%). Notably, nearly half of the older adults exhibited hesitancy toward influenza vaccination (45.1%). The multivariable analysis revealed that rural older people with a robust understanding of influenza vaccines and a positive attitude toward them (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41–4.81), along with a high level of trust in vaccination service providers (aOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.01–6.63), were positively associated with receiving influenza vaccination in the past year.

Conclusion

This study reveals a low rate of influenza vaccine uptake among older adults residing in rural areas of south China. Given the limited adoption of influenza vaccination and the significant threat it poses, there is an urgent imperative to devise precise interventions aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of influenza vaccination programs.
Impact of medical-nursing combined policy pilot on hospitalization frequency of middle-aged and older patients with chronic diseases: a quasi-experimental study based on China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Fan Penghao , Li Hongying , Xu Hongyan , Rong Chao
Published: October 2024

Background

To address the growing burden of older adult care, the Chinese government has introduced a policy that integrates medical care with elder care, launching two batches of national pilot projects. A majority of the older adult population suffers from one or more chronic diseases, with many experiencing multiple chronic conditions, necessitating support from both elder care and medical services.

Methods

Using panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) spanning 2011 to 2020, this study employs the difference-in-difference (DID) model to analyze the impact of the integrated medical-nursing policy on the physical health of older patients with chronic diseases.

Results

The study found that the average annual number of hospitalizations for older individuals with one or more chronic diseases was 0.276. The integrated medical-nursing policy reduced hospitalizations by 0.0405. Additionally, the average annual hospitalization rate for older individuals with two or more chronic diseases was 0.339, higher than the former group. The integrated medical-nursing policy reduced hospitalizations by 0.0738 in this group.

Conclusion

The pilot study demonstrates that the implementation of the integrated medical-nursing policy has significantly improved the physical health of older patients with chronic diseases. The government should promote these policies on a larger scale, explore various forms of integrated medical care, and provide more comprehensive medical and elder care services for older patients with chronic diseases.
Vaginal dysbiosis and the potential of vaginal microbiome-directed therapeutics
Authors: Valeriano Valerie Diane , Lahtinen Emilia , Hwang In-Chan , Zhang Yichan , Du Juan , Schuppe-Koistinen Ina
Published: October 2024

A healthy vaginal microbiome (VMB) is dominated by Lactobacillus spp. and provides the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Vaginal dysbiosis, characterized by the loss of Lactobacillus dominance and increase of microbial diversity, has been linked to an increased risk of adverse genital tract diseases, including bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy complications such as preterm birth. Currently, antibiotics and antifungals are recommended first-line treatments with high cure rates, but they also can lead to high recurrence and resistance development. As an alternative, lactobacilli have been utilized to restore the vaginal microbiota. In this review article, we discuss vaginal dysbiosis in various gynecological infections and potential interventions based on Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs) with a focus on those that use intravaginal treatment modalities to modulate the VMB. Based on these, we provide insights on key factors to consider in designing phenotypic and genotypic screens for selecting bacterial strains for use as vaginally administered microbiome-directed therapeutics. Lastly, to highlight current progress within this field, we provide an overview of LBPs currently being developed with published clinical trial completion for recurrent BV, VVC, and UTI. We also discuss regulatory challenges in the drug development process to harmonize future research efforts in VMB therapy.
Evolution of Rotating Internal Channel for Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Gas Turbine Blade
Authors: Guo Xinxin , Li Xueying , Ren Jing
Published: October 2024

To achieve higher thermal efficiency in a gas turbine, increasing the turbine inlet temperature is necessary. The rotor blade at the first stage tolerates the highest temperature, and the serpentine internal channel located in the middle chord of the rotor blade is vital in guaranteeing the blade’s service life. Therefore, it is essential to illustrate the evolution of the rotating internal channel in a gas turbine blade. In the paper, the influence of the Coriolis force, including its mechanisms, on the conventional rotating channel are reviewed and analyzed. A way to utilize the positive heat transfer effect of the Coriolis force is proposed. Recent investigations on corresponding novel rotating channels with a channel orientation angle of 90° (called bilaterally enhanced U-channels) are illustrated. Moreover, numerical investigations about the Re effects on bilaterally enhanced smooth U-channels were carried out in the study. The results indicated that bilaterally enhanced U-channels can utilize the Coriolis force positive heat transfer effect on the leading and the trailing walls at the same time. Re and Ro are vital non-dimensional numbers that influence the performance of bilaterally enhanced U-channels. Re and Ro have an independent influence on the heat transfer performance of the bilaterally enhanced U-channel. Ro is good for the heat transfer of the bilaterally enhanced U-channel on both the leading and the trailing walls. Therefore, the bilaterally enhanced U-channel is suitable for application in the middle chord region of a turbine blade, since it can utilize the rotation effect of the rotating blade to improve the heat transfer ability of the blade and thus reduced the blade temperature. At the same Ro, Re positively affects the Nu on the leading and the trailing walls of the Coriolis-utilization rotating smooth U-channel, but plays a negligible role on Nu/Nu0.
A Multi-View Real-Time Approach for Rapid Point Cloud Acquisition and Reconstruction in Goats
Authors: Sun Yi , Li Qifeng , Ma Weihong , Li Mingyu , Torre Anne De La , X. Yang Simon , Zhao Chunjiang
Published: October 2024

The body size, shape, weight, and scoring of goats are crucial indicators for assessing their growth, health, and meat production. The application of computer vision technology to measure these parameters is becoming increasingly prevalent. However, in real farm environments, obstacles, such as fences, ground conditions, and dust, pose significant challenges for obtaining accurate goat point cloud data. These obstacles lead to difficulties in rapid data extraction and result in incomplete reconstructions, causing substantial measurement errors. To address these challenges, we developed a system for real-time, non-contact acquisition, extraction, and reconstruction of goat point clouds using three depth cameras. The system operates in a scenario where goats walk naturally through a designated channel, and bidirectional distributed triggering logic is employed to ensure real-time acquisition of the point cloud. We also designed a noise recognition and filtering method tailored to handle complex environmental interferences found on farms, enabling automatic extraction of the goat point cloud. Furthermore, a distributed point cloud completion algorithm was developed to reconstruct missing sections of the goat point cloud caused by unavoidable factors such as railings and dust. Measurements of body height, body slant length, and chest circumference were calculated separately with deviation of no more than 25 mm and an average error of 3.1%. The system processes each goat in an average time of 3–5 s. This method provides rapid and accurate extraction and complementary reconstruction of 3D point clouds of goats in motion on real farms, without human intervention. It offers a valuable technological solution for non-contact monitoring and evaluation of goat body size, weight, shape, and appearance.
Biochar, Organic Fertilizer, and Bio-Organic Fertilizer Improve Soil Fertility and Tea Quality
Authors: Yin Rongxiu , Li Lulu , Liu Huifang , Yao Jianmei , Ma Chiyu , Pu Lulu , Lei Zhiwei
Published: October 2024

Tea, the world’s second most traded commodity, significantly impacts the economies of producing countries. However, prolonged cultivation leads to soil degradation, particularly through acidification and the depletion of essential nutrients, which adversely affects tea quality. This study investigates the effects of biomass materials—biochar, organic fertilizer, and bio-organic fertilizer—on both tea quality and soil properties. The results revealed that all biomass treatments improved the catechin quality index (CQI) of tea, with bio-organic fertilizer (BOF) yielding the highest CQI at 629.41, followed closely by biochar (624.16) and organic fertilizer (581.34). Soil analysis indicated that biochar increased soil pH from 4.53 to 5.54, total carbon by 194.6% (from 12.61 g kg−1 to 24.42 g kg−1), and nitrogen levels by 11.7% (from 14.91 mg kg−1 to 16.17 mg kg−1), while reducing soluble salts significantly. Furthermore, biomass treatments enhanced enzyme activities, with urease and acid phosphatase increasing by up to 136.6% and 149.5%, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships, with tea amino acid content correlating with soil total nitrogen (r = 0.62, p < 0.05) and tea polyphenols positively correlating with available potassium (r = 0.60, p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that integrating biomass materials into tea cultivation not only enhances tea quality but also contributes to soil health, supporting sustainable tea garden management practices.
Trichoderma Rhizosphere Soil Improvement: Regulation of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Saline–Alkali Soil in Semi-Arid Region and Its Effect on the Microbial Community Structure of Maize Roots
Authors: Li Yicong , Cui Jianming , Kang Jiarui , Zhao Wei , Yang Kejun , Fu Jian
Published: October 2024

In order to reduce the actual impact of a saline–alkali environment on maize production in semi-arid areas, it is particularly important to use the combined fertilization strategy of Trichoderma microbial fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of nitrogen fertilizer combined with Trichoderma on improving the structural characteristics and ecological functions of maize rhizosphere microbial community in semi-arid saline–alkali soil. Through the microbiome analysis of maize rhizosphere soil samples with 60 kg N·ha−1 (N1) and 300 kg N·ha−1 (N2) nitrogen fertilizer combined with Trichoderma (T1) and without Trichoderma (T0), we found that the combination of Trichoderma and different concentrations of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected the structure of bacterial and fungal communities. The results of this study showed that the combination of Trichoderma and low-concentration nitrogen fertilizer (N1T1) could improve soil nutritional status and enhance its productivity potential, revealing the relationship between beneficial and harmful fungal genera, microbial diversity and abundance, and crop biomass, which is of great significance for improving agricultural production efficiency and sustainable development.
Recent Advances in Monitoring Microbial Toxins in Food Samples by HPLC-Based Techniques: A Review
Authors: Quintanilla-Villanueva Gabriela Elizabeth , Sánchez-Álvarez Araceli , Núñez-Salas Raisa Estefanía , Rodríguez-Delgado Melissa Marlene , Luna-Moreno Donato , Villarreal-Chiu Juan Francisco
Published: October 2024

This study examines the significant impact of bacterial, algal, and fungal toxins on foodborne illnesses, and stresses the importance of advanced detection techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based methodologies. It emphasizes the urgent need for further advancements in these techniques to ensure food safety, as they offer significant benefits, including low detection limits and the ability to be combined with other techniques to detect a wide range of toxins. In this regard, HPLC has emerged as a versatile and sensitive analytical technique for this purpose. Various HPLC methods, often enhanced with detectors such as ultraviolet (UV), fluorescence (FD), and mass spectrometry (MS), have been developed to identify and quantify microbial toxins in a wide variety of food samples. Recent advancements include HPLC-FD methods that utilize the natural fluorescence of certain aflatoxins, improving detection sensitivity. HPLC-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS techniques offer high selectivity and sensitivity, making them suitable for detecting a wide range of toxins in trace quantities. The adaptability of HPLC, combined with innovative detection technologies and sample preparation methods, holds significant potential for enhancing food safety monitoring and reducing the global burden of foodborne diseases.
Intralymphatic Immunotherapy with Ultrasound Guidance Seems to Be Associated with Improved Clinical Effect in Canine Atopic Dermatitis—A Retrospective Study of 109 Cases
Authors: Fischer Nina Maria , Favrot Claude , Martini Franco , Rostaher Ana
Published: October 2024

Background: Intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) has been used successfully in both human and veterinary medicine as a safe and effective treatment for allergic diseases. Initially, ILIT was administered by ultrasound guidance, but palpation-based injections have become more popular among veterinary dermatologists. Data from human medicine, however, show that precise injection into the lymph node is mandatory, and injection quality clearly correlates with clinical response. Hypothesis: Our aim was to assess the impact of the injection method (ultrasound guidance versus palpation-based guidance) on clinical response in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Methods: A total of 129 canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) cases treated with ILIT between 2014 and 2022 were retrieved from the hospital clinical database. The included dogs had to receive at least three intralymphatic injections administered either by palpation or ultrasound guidance. Those cases were retrospectively assessed and compared regarding clinical response to ILIT. Results: In total, 84 dogs received ILIT by ultrasound guidance, and in 25 dogs, ILIT was injected based on palpation. The success rate of ILIT was significantly higher in the ultrasound guidance group when compared to palpation-based injections. Conclusions: Low-quality injections must be considered as a possible reason for ILIT failure in dogs. Further prospective and controlled studies are necessary to confirm these results.
Environmental Impact of the Hungarian Swine Sector during the PRRS Eradication Program with Full Herd Replacement (2014–2022)
Authors: Búza László , Szabó István , Gombos László , Varga László , Szűr-Gombos Veronika , Szabó István
Published: October 2024

The Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) eradication program in Hungary, implemented between 2014 and 2022, utilized complete herd replacement and the introduction of high-performance breeds to enhance production efficiency and environmental sustainability in the swine sector. As a result, the sow population was reduced by 26.2% while maintaining nearly the same number of slaughter pigs. This led to significant reductions in ammonia emissions (−145,857 kg), slurry production (−153,879 m3), nitrogen emissions (−1,409,951 kg), and overall greenhouse gas emissions (91,768,362 kg CO2eq). Additionally, the feed and water consumption were substantially decreased by 53,237,805 kg and 292,978,094 L, respectively, further lowering the sector’s environmental footprint. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of customized eradication strategies and advanced breeding practices in reducing the environmental impact of animal husbandry. These findings underscore the necessity for ongoing collaboration among scientists, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to develop and implement sustainable livestock production methods. The Hungarian experience provides valuable insights into how targeted interventions can simultaneously improve production outcomes and reduce the environmental burden in the swine industry.
A Dynamic System to Control the Entry of Non-Authorized Visitors and Detect Superspreader Farms in Strongly Interconnected Systems
Authors: Soriano Oscar , Batista Laura , Morales Joaquin , Quintana Eduardo , Piñeiro Carlos
Published: October 2024

This study explores the critical challenges the livestock sector faces, particularly those related to biosecurity, animal welfare, and antibiotic use restrictions. It highlights the need to implement advanced information and communication technologies to enhance operational sustainability and decision-making. We introduce the Biorisk® External platform, a cloud-based visit control system designed to optimize biosecurity management by accurately tracking visitor activity through QR codes and GPS geolocation. During a 6-month study period from July to December 2023, we analyzed visits to 142 different swine production sites and 30 vehicle movement patterns. The analysis revealed trends in visitation patterns and compliance with biosecurity SOPs. The software categorized visits as authorized (A), not authorized with access (NAWA), and not authorized without access (NAWOA), providing a framework to assess biosecurity risks. Additionally, network analysis identified interconnected farms, which were classified as ‘superspreaders’, highlighting their considerable risk of disease transmission. This study advocates for the integration of digital systems in livestock operations to improve biosecurity measures, facilitate real-time data input, and support informed decision-making. By enhancing biosecurity protocols through technology, the livestock industry can better safeguard animal health, increase operational efficiency, and reduce potential economic losses associated with disease outbreaks.
Unconventional Animal Species Participation in Animal-Assisted Interventions and Methods for Measuring Their Experienced Stress
Authors: Suba-Bokodi Éva , Nagy István , Molnár Marcell
Published: October 2024

The participation of animals during complementary therapy for humans is a developing area. Dogs and horses are the most frequent partner species in animal-assisted services, but several unconventional species have also been involved, although there is a lack of information about the stress they experience caused by AAS. We conducted a comprehensive literature search, analyzing 135 articles with the purpose of investigating the effects of AAS on unconventional species such as guinea pigs, rabbits, farm animals, alpacas, donkeys, reptiles, aquarium fishes, and dolphins. We found that the relevant articles emphasize investigating the impact of animal-assisted interventions on humans, and they generally report positive outcomes. Limited data is available concerning the potential consequences the interventions may have on the animals. Therefore, it is our conclusion that more extensive studies should be conducted to get adequate information on stress experienced by animals during AAS, such as the measurement of biochemical parameters such as cortisol. Hence, meeting animal welfare considerations in addition to human interests could serve as a basis for the recommended methodology for therapies.
In Vitro Screening of Trehalose Synbiotics and Their Effects on Early-Lactating Females and Offspring Mice
Authors: Peng Hongmei , Guo Yaya , Zhang Jianqiang , Hei Mengqin , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Wenju
Published: October 2024

Activities such as childbirth and breastfeeding can cause severe oxidative stress and inflammatory damage to the mother during early lactation, and can affect animal milk production, and the growth and development of offspring. Trehalose alleviates damage to the body by endowing it with stress resistance. In this study, we used trehalose combined with Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to explore whether dietary intervention can alleviate oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in early lactation and to evaluate the growth ability, acid production ability, antioxidant ability, non-specific adhesion ability, antibacterial ability, and other parameters to determine the optimal combinations and proportions. The results showed that the synbiotics composed of 2.5% trehalose and 1 × 107 cfu/g of Bifidobacterium longum could regulate the gut microbiota, and promote mammary gland development in dams by reducing progesterone (PROG) content in the blood, increasing prolactin (PRL) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) content, enhancing their antioxidant and immune abilities, and effectively increasing the weight and lactation of early lactating dams. In addition, it can also affect the growth of offspring and the development of the intestinal barrier. These results indicate that trehalose synbiotics have great potential in alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in early lactation.
Dynamic Investigations of Shared Bicycle Operators’ Competition Based on Profit Maximization
Authors: Bian Lishuang , Hu Qizhou , Zhang Xin , Wu Xiaoyu , Tan Minjia
Published: October 2024

With the rise of the sharing economy, shared bicycles have become an important component of urban transportation. This paper explores the nonlinear dual oligopoly system for the Cournot model in the bike-sharing market; both operators have maximized profits as their competitive goals. The analysis of pivotal factors influencing passenger preferences, including pricing discounts and comfort levels, is meticulously depicted by a bifurcation diagram. A new chaotic attractor—the shared bicycle attractor—is discovered. The research results indicate that larger discounts and adjustment speeds can cause the system to be in a chaotic state, which is not conducive to the long-term development of operators, although discounts can indeed attract more passengers to a certain extent. On the other hand, the increase in the marginal cost of comfort loss can also make it difficult for enterprises to operate, which requires continuous technological innovation to improve the comfort of cycling.
Determination of Compressed Liquid Densities for CO2 + n-Decane Using a Vibrating Tube Densimeter
Authors: Jia Tao , Yang Jinpeng , Yu Jia
Published: October 2024

Understanding the density of CO2 + n-decane is crucial for designing and operating CO2 capture, transport, and storage. The safety and effectiveness of CO2 burial is directly affected by the density of CO2 + n-decane mixtures. The liquid densities of CO2(1) + n-decane(2) mixtures with mole fractions of CO2 x1 = 0, 0.2032, 0.4434, 0.7589, and 0.8947 were measured using a vibrating tube densimeter. The combined expanded uncertainties of density with a level of confidence of 0.95 are estimated to be 0.6 kg·m−3. A total of 221 compressed liquid densities of CO2(1) + n-decane(2) mixtures along the five isotherms between T = (283 and 363) K with pressures up to 100 MPa were presented. The densities of mixtures were correlated by the modified Tait equation, resulting in absolute average deviations between the experimental and calculated values of 0.028%, 0.013%, 0.017%, 0.044%, and 0.042%. In addition, the isothermal compressibility, isobaric thermal expansivity, and excess molar volume were derived from the modified Tait equation.