bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La psicopedagogía al servicio de la Historia en Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio
Authors: Llop Forcada Guillem
Published: November 2022

La Historia sólo toma sentido dentro del historicismo. O, dicho de otro modo, cualquier intento de dar sentido a la Historia ha de caer en las redes del historicismo. Se trata de una telaraña en la que se dejan enredar con entusiasmo las gentes en busca del ideal a que entregan sus vidas. Funciona como un ideal regulativo que distorsiona los acontecimientos pasados poniéndolos al servicio de la consecución de un plan que se concretará en el modelo final que le da razón de ser a todo el proceso. Sánchez Ferlosio se adentra en los mecanismos psicológicos y pedagógicos con los que el sistema político va obnubilando la capacidad crítica de las gentes hasta que, identificándose con el Todo histórico que les permite huir del mosaico descolocado de la realidad humana, sacrifican generosamente sus vocaciones y motivos de recreo.
Las nuevas pedagogías y el asedio de lo público
Authors: Navarro David
Published: November 2022

Una de las vías por la cuales el pensamiento neoliberal cobra cada vez más fuerza es la de la educación. Las nuevas pedagogías se han convertido en poderosas propagadoras de un sistema educativo que favorece el individualismo y acentúa la injusticia social. Este modelo no se ha conformado con conquistar el ámbito de la educación privada, sino que está consiguiendo dar el salto al sistema público. Para analizar el alcance de este fenómeno nos serviremos de las ideas que sobre la educación nos ha legado Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio y ofreceremos a la vez una visión crítica del momento presente de la mano de Ani Pérez Rueda.
Entre la lingüística y la moral sin valores. Dos contribuciones de Sánchez Ferlosio al pensamiento contemporáneo.
Authors: Ruescas Juárez Juan Antonio
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo comienza ofreciendo, a modo de «status quaestionis», una panorámica de la atención que se ha prestado a la obra ensayística de Sánchez Ferlosio, desde las lecturas propuestas en los años noventa del siglo pasado por autores del círculo de nuestro autor hasta los estudios y artículos aparecidos tras su muerte, en 2019. A continuación, se presentan algunas aportaciones relevantes de Ferlosio al pensamiento contemporáneo. Concretamente, se analiza el «aprecio por lo perecedero» como uno de estas aportaciones y, además, se explica cómo este aprecio surge en el marco de una «actitud reflexiva ante el lenguaje». Por último, se procede a un balance crítico de las posiciones de Sánchez Ferlosio con respecto a los asuntos mencionados.
Paradigmas historiográficos de la Antigüedad tardía: de Gibbon a la (vieja) New Late Antiquity
Authors: Villegas Raúl
Published: November 2022

Pese a que Gibbon sigue siendo ampliamente reconocido como un historiador excepcional, además de como un escritor magnífico, pocos historiadores de la Antigüedad tardía comparten hoy el paradigma interpretativo del decline and fall del Imperio romano. Autores como Peter Brown y Henri-Irenée Marrou combatieron con éxito el “prejuicio decadentista” a la hora de abordar el estudio de la Antigüedad tardía. Si tuviéramos que resumir en un solo término el paradigma interpretativo predominante en nuestros días en el estudio de este período, este sería el de “continuidad”: continuidad (en los niveles administrativo, jurídico, cultural, etc.) entre los reinos post-imperiales del Occidente latino y el precedente imperial y continuidad también entre la cultura cristiana (cultura popular y cultura de los Padres de la Iglesia) y la cultura grecorromana.
El monstruo: filosofía e historia, o por qué José Ortega y Gasset no leyó nunca a Edward Gibbon
Authors: Lastra Antonio
Published: November 2022

Solo con el mayor de los escrúpulos podría señalarse una extraña omisión en el planteamiento del problema central de la relación de la filosofía con la historia, una omisión que se reflejaría en ‘History as a System’ (Historia como sistema) del filósofo español José Ortega y Gasset, un texto que se había publicado antes en alemán con el título ‘Die Lage der Wissenschaft und die historische Vernunft’ (El lugar de la ciencia y la razón histórica’) y que, al publicarse por primera vez en la versión original, en 1941, formaría un libro junto con otro capítulo –evidentemente inacabado– dedicado al Imperio romano. En la relación de la historia como sistema con el Imperio romano, de dos “totalizaciones” –el término de Ortega en España invertebrada para referirse a la agencia romana en la historia– o dos aspiraciones a la totalidad de la vida civilizada, la omisión de Edward Gibbon resulta aún más extraña.
Los rasgos humanistas de Machado en Juan de Mairena
Authors: Barroso Fernández Óscar
Published: November 2022

Se presentan los rasgos de la actitud humanista de Machado atendiendo a cómo quedaron plasmados en Juan de Mairena, pero también a cómo van emergiendo en el resto de su obra. Machado no hace un tratamiento unitario de la temática humanista, sino que esta se halla dispersa por sus escritos. Por ello ha sido necesario fijar un criterio que ayude a decantar sus líneas fundamentales, subrayando aquellos rasgos que permiten mostrar cómo este humanismo se sitúa más allá de las críticas procedentes de las formas de pensamiento antihumanistas desarrolladas en el siglo XX, tales como el esencialismo, el antropocentrismo, el mito progresista, el individualismo o el elitismo. El resultado final será el de un humanismo que defiende la dignidad del ser humano a partir de su constitutiva indigencia, el escepticismo esperanzado, el socialismo cordial y la cultura popular; y que convierten al poeta en uno de los intelectuales más sobresalientes de la República.
Why does patient mental health matter? Part 2: orofacial obsessions as a consequence of psychiatric conditions
Authors: Elliott Emma , Sanger Emily , Shiers David , Aggarwal Vishal R
Published: November 2022

This is the second article in a series looking at psychiatric presentations in dentistry. Recently, the oral health of people with severe mental illness (SMI) has gained significant media attention after the Office of the Chief Dental Officer for England published a statement on the importance of prioritizing oral health for people with SMI. Furthermore, a consensus statement has set out a 5-year plan to improve oral health in people with SMI. In keeping with these developments, this article explores the presentation of dental-specific obsessions and their relationship with psychiatric conditions, identifying how the primary care dental team can play a role in early recognition of psychiatric presentations. A fictionalized case-based discussion is used to explore clinical presentations of orofacial obsessions and their potential relationship to psychiatry.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The role of the primary care dental team can be important for recognizing psychiatric conditions, such as obsessive compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder and early psychosis.
A delayed and difficult diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Chana Pav , Jones David Carl
Published: November 2022

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) may present with similar signs and symptoms of common conditions of the oral cavity. Even for experienced clinicians, this can make diagnosis challenging and delayed. With a reported 2.5% increase in death for every week that diagnosis, and therefore treatment, is delayed, early diagnosis is imperative. We report a diagnostically challenging case of a 47-year-old fit and healthy male patient who presented with a non-healing socket following the extraction of a misdiagnosed periodontally involved mandibular third molar. Following multiple visits to both primary and secondary care, alongside various investigations, eventually a diagnosis of SCC of the mandibular alveolus was established.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case raises awareness of the varied presentations of oral SCCs and the importance of considering a malignant cause despite the presentation being similar to that of common oral conditions, such as a non-healing socket.
Roman glass makes it's way to Castleford
Authors: Gledhill Trevor
Published: November 2022

he archaeological digs carried out into Castleford’s past have revealed a great amount of glass fragments. More than 2400 pieces of vessel glass were found from a minimum of 238 vessels, more than 800 pieces of bottle glass from a minimum of 48 containers, more than 200 pieces of glass and frit beads, 46 gaming counters and 50 tesserie were found. From the catalogued finds by trenches the finds were: glass vessels 148 fort, 454 vicus and 26 from areas which covered both fort and vicus; and the glass objects were 74 fort, 223 vicus and 12 from both.
Evaluating the perceptions of workplace-based assessments in surgical training: a systematic review
Authors: Mughal Z , Patel S , Gupta K Kumar , Metcalfe C , Beech T , Jennings C
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Workplace-based assessments (WBAs) are intended to maximise learning opportunities in surgical training. There is speculation as to whether mandatory assessments in this form contribute to a tick-box culture. The objective of this review was to investigate surgical trainees’ attitudes towards WBAs.

Methods

This systematic review of qualitative studies was performed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. The literature was searched on the Medline®, Embase™, PubMed and Web of Science™ databases on 22 March 2022.

Results

Sixteen studies were included in the review, mostly carried out on users of the Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme portfolio in the UK. Trainees felt that WBAs were educationally useful, providing opportunity for feedback, but this was overshadowed by a pressure to reach a set annual quota for WBAs and achieve high scores. Other themes included inaccurate recording of WBAs, the role of WBAs as formative or summative assessments, engagement and accessibility of trainers, and lack of time to complete WBAs.

Conclusions

Negative perceptions about WBAs were widespread among surgical trainees despite a recognition of their capacity to facilitate learning. This review supports the recent removal of the annual quota for WBAs in UK surgical training programmes.
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery: assessing the readability and quality of online information
Authors: Raja H , Patel K
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The aim of this study was to assess the readability and quality of online information on functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).

Methods

The term ‘functional endoscopic sinus surgery’ was entered into the Google, Bing and Yahoo search engines. The first 30 websites for each search engine were screened. Readability was assessed using the Flesch–Kincaid Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch–Kincaid Grade (FKG), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) Index, and Gunning Fog Index (GFI). Quality was assessed using the DISCERN instrument. Spearman’s correlation between quality and readability was calculated.

Results

Thirty-three websites met the inclusion criteria. The mean and standard deviations for the FRES, FKG, SMOG, GFI, and DISCERN scores were 49 (13.1), 10.9 (2.5), 10.2 (1.9), 13.6 (2.4), and 51.1 (12.8), respectively. A positive correlation was noted between the FRES and DISCERN (R=0.357, p=0.041).

Conclusions

Online information on FESS is generally written above the recommended reading levels and of fair quality.
A rare case of extrathoracic large bowel obstruction following colonic interposition
Authors: Darwin O , Seoudi M , Liu S , Shehatta A
Published: November 2022

Transverse colon interposition for oesophageal replacement following oesophagectomy is a rarely seen entity; interposition of the colon exterior to the thoracic cage is rarer still. Here, we report the case of a patient presenting with a large bowel obstruction in a transverse colon interposition located subcutaneously anterior to the sternum, with the diaphragm fully intact, following chest compressions for multiple cardiac arrests. The need for specialty input was highlighted early on, and the large bowel decompressed via nasogastric tube insertion into the interpositioned colon. The patient was then transferred to the acute coronary unit for further observation and management.
Optical diffraction tomography of second-order nonlinear structures in weak scattering media: theoretical analysis and experimental consideration
Authors: Yu Wenhui , Li Xiang , Wang Bing , Qu Junle , Liu Liwei
Published: November 2022

Computed tomography (CT) allows for high lateral and axial resolution imaging of the endogenous structure of matter thanks to its large spatial frequency support and has been realized in X-ray and linear optical domain known as optical diffraction tomography (ODT). Here, we present the theoretical basis and experimental considerations for ODT of second-order nonlinear structures in weak scattering media. We have derived the relation between second harmonic wave and the anisotropic nonlinear tensor in spatial frequency domain under first-order Born approximation. Our results show that, under a plane wave illumination, the two dimensional (2D) spatial spectra of generated second harmonic complex field relates to the inverse lattice of nonlinear structure on Ewald sphere shells. The centers of the Ewald spheres are determined by 2 times wavevector of the incident fundamental wave and the radii are determined by the modulus of the second harmonic wavevector. More importantly, it shows that the 2D spatial spectra is a superposition of the Ewald spheres of different components of the anisotropic nonlinear tensor. We propose to solve the inverse problem by controlling the polarizations of the fundamental and second harmonic signal. We tested the feasibility of the proposed method using a numerical phantom and make some discussions on practical implementations, including angular scanning schemes, polarization detection and illumination profile for optimizing reconstruction region. Possessing high resolution, wide-field imaging and polarization-sensitive property, we believe that the proposed scheme would have important applications in nonlinear microscopy.
Generation of OAM-carrying space-time wave packets with time-dependent beam radii using a coherent combination of multiple LG modes on multiple frequencies
Authors: Minoofar Amir , Zou Kaiheng , Pang Kai , Song Hao , Karpov Maxim , Yessenov Murat , Zhao Zhe , Song Haoqian , Zhou Huibin , Su Xinzhou , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Abouraddy Ayman F. , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E.
Published: November 2022

Space-time (ST) wave packets, in which spatial and temporal characteristics are coupled, have gained attention due to their unique propagation characteristics, such as propagation invariance and tunable group velocity in addition to their potential ability to carry orbital angular momentum (OAM). Through experiment and simulation, we explore the generation of OAM-carrying ST wave packets, with the unique property of a time-dependent beam radius at various ranges of propagation distances. To achieve this, we synthesize multiple frequency comb lines, each assigned to a coherent combination of multiple Laguerre-Gaussian (LGℓ,p) modes with the same azimuthal index but different radial indices. The time-dependent interference among the spatial modes at the different frequencies leads to the generation of the desired OAM-carrying ST wave packet with dynamically varying radii. The simulation results indicate that the dynamic range of beam radius oscillations increases with the number of modes and frequency lines. The simulated ST wave packet for OAM of orders +1 or +3 has an OAM purity of >95%. In addition, we experimentally generate and measure the OAM-carrying ST wave packets with time-dependent beam radii. In the experiment, several lines of a Kerr frequency comb are spatially modulated with the superposition of multiple LG modes and combined to generate such an ST wave packet. In the experiment, ST wave packets for OAM of orders +1 or +3 have an OAM purity of >64%. In simulation and experiment, OAM purity decreases and beam radius becomes larger over the propagation.
Extending vision ray calibration by determination of focus distances
Authors: Sperling Yann , Bartsch Jonas , Gauchan Shishir , Bergmann Ralf B.
Published: November 2022

The application of cameras as sensors in optical metrology techniques for three-dimensional topography measurement, such as fringe projection profilometry and deflectometry, presumes knowledge regarding the metric relationship between image space and object space. This relation is established by camera calibration and a variety of techniques are available. Vision ray calibration achieves highly precise camera calibration by employing a display as calibration target, enabling the use of active patterns in the form of series of phase-shifted sinusoidal fringes. Besides the required spatial coding of the display surface, this procedure yields additional full-field contrast information. Exploiting the relation between full-field contrast and defocus, we present an extension of vision ray calibration providing the additional information of the focus distances of the calibrated camera. In our experiments we achieve a reproducibility of the focus distances in the order of mm. Using a modified Laplacian based focus determination method, we confirm our focus distance results within a few mm.
Passively Q-switched single crystal fiber pulsed laser at 1.05 µm with T3C2Tx as the saturable absorber
Authors: Ma Xiaofei , Xue Ni , Wang Tao , Li Xuesong , Zhang Jian , Jia Zhitai , Zhang Baitao , He Jingliang , Tao Xutang
Published: November 2022

In this paper, Ti3C2Tx MXene prepared by LiF/HCl etching method was spin-coated on glass substrate and sapphire substrate as the saturable absorber (SA), and the MXene SA is combined with Yb: LuAG single crystal fiber (SCF) for the first time to achieve a 1.05 µm passively Q-switched pulsed laser output with the average power, pulse width, and repetition frequency of 1.989 W, 149.6 ns, and 365.44 kHz, respectively, which is the highest average power ever reported for passively Q-switched SCF pulsed lasers. This work enriches the research on SCF pulsed lasers and provides a feasible approach for achieving high-power all-solid-state pulsed lasers.
Achieving Fano resonance with an ultra-high slope rate by silicon nitride CROW embedded in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Cheng Wei , Lin Dongdong , Liu Pengcheng , Yun Binfeng , Lu Mengjia , Shi Shangqing , Hu Guohua , Cui Yiping
Published: November 2022

Fano resonance with asymmetric line shape is very promising in many applications such as optical switching, sensing, slow light, laser. Fano resonances based on some integrated structures have been demonstrated on the silicon on insulator platform. However, the extinction ratios and slope rates of the most proposed integrated Fano resonances are relatively low, which limits their applications. In this paper, a tunable silicon nitride coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW) embedded in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed to achieve Fano resonance. Benefiting from fine tuning supported by the low thermo-optic coefficient of the silicon nitride optical waveguide, the optical amplitudes and phases in the two arms of the MZI were accurately adjusted to achieve destructive interference, which gives an ultra-high extinction ratio. Furthermore, high quality factor CROW, supported by the native low loss silicon nitride optical waveguide, greatly shrinks the resonance bandwidth. Combining the above two superiorities, a Fano resonance with a very high extinction ratio of up to 57 dB and slope rate as high as 8.1 × 104 dB/nm was obtained, which is an order of magnitude larger than the reported integrated Fano resonances. We believe that the proposed structure would be a promising candidate for high-performance switching and high-sensitivity sensing.
High-frequency torsional motion transduction using optomechanical coupled oscillators
Authors: Kaviani Hamidreza , Behera Bishnupada , Hajisalem Ghazal , Luiz Gustavo de Oliveira , Lake David P. , Barclay Paul E.
Published: November 2022

Using light to measure an object’s motion is central to operating mechanical sensors that probe forces and fields. Cavity optomechanical systems embed mechanical resonators inside optical resonators. This enhances the sensitivity of optomechanical measurements, but only if the mechanical resonator does not spoil the properties of the optical cavity. For example, cavity optomechanical detection of resonators made from optically absorbing materials, or whose geometry does not possess suitable spatial symmetry, is challenging. Here we demonstrate a system that overcomes challenges in measuring high-frequency twisting motion of a nanodisk by converting them to vibrations of a photonic crystal cavity. Optomechanical readout of the cavity then enables measurement of the nanodisk’s torsional resonances with sensitivity

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for a mechanical frequency range of 5–800 MHz. The nanodisk can be outfitted with magnetic nanostructures or metasurfaces without affecting the optical properties of the cavity, making the system suitable for torque magnetometry and structured light sensing.
Adaptive multi-objective control explains how humans make lateral maneuvers while walking
Authors: Desmet David M. , Cusumano Joseph P. , Dingwell Jonathan B.
Published: November 2022

To successfully traverse their environment, humans often perform maneuvers to achieve desired task goals while simultaneously maintaining balance. Humans accomplish these tasks primarily by modulating their foot placements. As humans are more unstable laterally, we must better understand how humans modulate lateral foot placement. We previously developed a theoretical framework and corresponding computational models to describe how humans regulate lateral stepping during straight-ahead continuous walking. We identified goal functions for step width and lateral body position that define the walking task and determine the set of all possible task solutions as Goal Equivalent Manifolds (GEMs). Here, we used this framework to determine if humans can regulate lateral stepping during non-steady-state lateral maneuvers by minimizing errors consistent with these goal functions. Twenty young healthy adults each performed four lateral lane-change maneuvers in a virtual reality environment. Extending our general lateral stepping regulation framework, we first re-examined the requirements of such transient walking tasks. Doing so yielded new theoretical predictions regarding how steps during any such maneuver should be regulated to minimize error costs, consistent with the goals required at each step and with how these costs are adapted at each step during the maneuver. Humans performed the experimental lateral maneuvers in a manner consistent with our theoretical predictions. Furthermore, their stepping behavior was well modeled by allowing the parameters of our previous lateral stepping models to adapt from step to step. To our knowledge, our results are the first to demonstrate humans might use evolving cost landscapes in real time to perform such an adaptive motor task and, furthermore, that such adaptation can occur quickly–over only one step. Thus, the predictive capabilities of our general stepping regulation framework extend to a much greater range of walking tasks beyond just normal, straight-ahead walking.
Statistical perspective on functional and causal neural connectomics: The Time-Aware PC algorithm
Authors: Biswas Rahul , Shlizerman Eli
Published: November 2022

The representation of the flow of information between neurons in the brain based on their activity is termed thecausal functional connectome. Such representation incorporates the dynamic nature of neuronal activity and causal interactions between them. In contrast to connectome, the causal functional connectome is not directly observed and needs to be inferred from neural time series. A popular statistical framework for inferring causal connectivity from observations is thedirected probabilistic graphical modeling. Its common formulation is not suitable for neural time series since it was developed for variables with independent and identically distributed static samples. In this work, we propose to model and estimate the causal functional connectivity from neural time series using a novel approach that adapts directed probabilistic graphical modeling to the time series scenario. In particular, we develop theTime-Aware PC(TPC) algorithm for estimating the causal functional connectivity, which adapts the PC algorithm—a state-of-the-art method for statistical causal inference. We show that the model outcome of TPC has the properties of reflecting causality of neural interactions such as being non-parametric, exhibits thedirected Markovproperty in a time-series setting, and is predictive of the consequence of counterfactual interventions on the time series. We demonstrate the utility of the methodology to obtain the causal functional connectome for several datasets including simulations, benchmark datasets, and recent multi-array electro-physiological recordings from the mouse visual cortex.
Trans-driven variation in expression is common among detoxification genes in the extreme generalist herbivore Tetranychus urticae
Authors: Kurlovs Andre H. , De Beer Berdien , Ji Meiyuan , Vandenhole Marilou , De Meyer Tim , Feyereisen René , Clark Richard M. , Van Leeuwen Thomas
Published: November 2022

The extreme adaptation potential of the generalist herbivore Tetranychus urticae (the two-spotted spider mite) to pesticides as well as diverse host plants has been associated with clade-specific gene expansions in known detoxifying enzyme families, and with extensive and rapid transcriptional responses. However, how this broad transcriptional potential is regulated remains largely unknown. Using a parental/F1 design in which four inbred strains were crossed to a common inbred strain, we assessed the genetic basis and inheritance of gene expression variation in T. urticae. Mirroring known phenotypic variation in the progenitor strains of the inbreds, we confirmed that the inbred strains we created were genetically distinct, varied markedly in pesticide resistance, and also captured variation in host plant fitness as is commonly observed in this species. By examining differences in gene expression between parents and allele-specific expression in F1s, we found that variation in RNA abundance was more often explained in trans as compared to cis, with the former associated with dominance in inheritance. Strikingly, in a gene ontology analysis, detoxification genes of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) family, as well as dioxygenases (DOGs) acquired from horizontal gene transfer from fungi, were specifically enriched at the extremes of trans-driven up- and downregulation. In particular, multiple CYPs and DOGs with broad substrate-specificities for pesticides or plant specialized compounds were exceptionally highly upregulated as a result of trans-regulatory variation, or in some cases synergism of cis and trans, in the most multi-pesticide resistant strains. Collectively, our findings highlight the potential importance of trans-driven expression variation in genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism and host plant use for rapid adaptation in T. urticae, and also suggests modular control of these genes, a regulatory architecture that might ameliorate negative pleiotropic effects.
Caesarean section or vaginal delivery for low-risk pregnancy? Helping women make an informed choice in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Dumont Alexandre , de Loenzien Myriam , Nhu Hung Mac Quo , Dugas Marylène , Kabore Charles , Lumbiganon Pisake , Torloni Maria Regina , Gialdini Celina , Carroli Guillermo , Hanson Claudia , Betrán Ana Pilar ,   On behalf of the QUALI-DEC consortium
Published: November 2022

Women’s fear and uncertainty about vaginal delivery and lack of empowerment in decision-making generate decision conflict and is one of the main determinants of high caesarean section rates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to develop a decision analysis tool (DAT) to help pregnant women make an informed choice about the planned mode of delivery and to evaluate its acceptability in Vietnam, Thailand, Argentina, and Burkina Faso. The DAT targets low-risk pregnant women with a healthy, singleton foetus, without any medical or obstetric disorder, no previous caesarean scarring, and eligibility for labour trials. We conducted a systematic review to determine the short- and long-term maternal and offspring risks and benefits of planned caesarean section compared to planned vaginal delivery. We carried out individual interviews and focus group discussions with key informants to capture informational needs for decision-making, and to assess the acceptability of the DAT in participating hospitals. The DAT meets 20 of the 22 Patient Decision Aid Standards for decision support. It includes low- to moderate-certainty evidence-based information on the risks and benefits of both modes of birth, and helps pregnant women clarify their personal values. It has been well accepted by women and health care providers. Adaptations have been made in each country to fit the context and to facilitate its implementation in current practice, including the development of an App. DAT is a simple method to improve communication and facilitate shared decision-making for planned modes of birth. It is expected to build trust and foster more effective, satisfactory dialogue between pregnant women and providers. It can be easily adapted and updated as new evidence emerges. We encourage further studies in LMICs to assess the impact of DAT on quality decision-making for the appropriate use of caesarean section in these settings.
Geographic name resolution service: A tool for the standardization and indexing of world political division names, with applications to species distribution modeling
Authors: Boyle Bradley L. , Maitner Brian S. , Barbosa George G. C. , Sajja Rohith K. , Feng Xiao , Merow Cory , Newman Erica A. , Park Daniel S. , Roehrdanz Patrick R. , Enquist Brian J.
Published: November 2022

Massive biological databases of species occurrences, or georeferenced locations where a species has been observed, are essential inputs for modeling present and future species distributions. Location accuracy is often assessed by determining whether the observation geocoordinates fall within the boundaries of the declared political divisions. This otherwise simple validation is complicated by the difficulty of matching political division names to the correct geospatial object. Spelling errors, abbreviations, alternative codes, and synonyms in multiple languages present daunting name disambiguation challenges. The inability to resolve political division names reduces usable data, and analysis of erroneous observations can lead to flawed results. Here, we present the Geographic Name Resolution Service (GNRS), an application for correcting, standardizing, and indexing world political division names. The GNRS resolves political division names against a reference database that combines names and codes from GeoNames with geospatial object identifiers from the Global Administrative Areas Database (GADM). In a trial resolution of political division names extracted from >270 million species occurrences, only 1.9%, representing just 6% of occurrences, matched exactly to GADM political divisions in their original form. The GNRS was able to resolve, completely or in part, 92% of the remaining 378,568 political division names, or 86% of the full biodiversity occurrence dataset. In assessing geocoordinate accuracy for >239 million species occurrences, resolution of political divisions by the GNRS enabled the detection of an order of magnitude more errors and an order of magnitude more error-free occurrences. By providing a novel solution to a significant data quality impediment, the GNRS liberates a tremendous amount of biodiversity data for quantitative biodiversity research. The GNRS runs as a web service and is accessible via an API, an R package, and a web-based graphical user interface. Its modular architecture is easily integrated into existing data validation workflows.
Structure learning enhances concept formation in synthetic Active Inference agents
Authors: Neacsu Victorita , Mirza M. Berk , Adams Rick A. , Friston Karl J.
Published: November 2022

Humans display astonishing skill in learning about the environment in which they operate. They assimilate a rich set of affordances and interrelations among different elements in particular contexts, and form flexible abstractions (i.e., concepts) that can be generalised and leveraged with ease. To capture these abilities, we present a deep hierarchical Active Inference model of goal-directed behaviour, and the accompanying belief update schemes implied by maximising model evidence. Using simulations, we elucidate the potential mechanisms that underlie and influence concept learning in a spatial foraging task. We show that the representations formed–as a result of foraging–reflect environmental structure in a way that is enhanced and nuanced by Bayesian model reduction, a special case of structure learning that typifies learning in the absence of new evidence. Synthetic agents learn associations and form concepts about environmental context and configuration as a result of inferential, parametric learning, and structure learning processes–three processes that can produce a diversity of beliefs and belief structures. Furthermore, the ensuing representations reflect symmetries for environments with identical configurations.
Functional dissociation along the rostrocaudal axis of Japanese quail hippocampus
Authors: Damphousse Chelsey C. , Miller Noam , Marrone Diano F.
Published: November 2022

The mammalian hippocampus (Hp) can be functionally segregated along its septotemporal axis, with involvement of dorsal hippocampus (dHp) in spatial memory and ventral hippocampus (vHp) in stress responses and emotional behaviour. In the present study, we investigate comparable functional segregation in proposed homologues within the avian brain. Using Japanese quail (Coturnix Japonica), we report that bilateral lesions of the rostral hippocampus (rHp) produce robust deficits in a spatial Y-maze discrimination (YMD) test while sparing performance during contextual fear conditioning (CFC), comparable to results from lesions to homologous regions in mammals. In contrast, caudal hippocampus (cHp) lesions failed to produce deficits in either CFC or YMD, suggesting that, unlike mammals, both cHp and rHp of birds can support emotional behavior. These observations demonstrate functional segregation along the rostrocaudal axis of the avian Hp that is comparable in part to distinctions seen along the mammalian hippocampal septotemporal axis.
Mitochondrial ROS production by neutrophils is required for host antimicrobial function against Streptococcus pneumoniae and is controlled by A2B adenosine receptor signaling
Authors: Herring Sydney E. , Mao Sovathiro , Bhalla Manmeet , Tchalla Essi Y. I. , Kramer Jill M. , Bou Ghanem Elsa N.
Published: November 2022

Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) controlStreptococcus pneumoniae(pneumococcus) infection through various antimicrobial activities. We previously found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were required for optimal antibacterial function, however, the NADPH oxidase is known to be dispensable for the ability of PMNs to kill pneumococci. In this study, we explored the role of ROS produced by the mitochondria in PMN antimicrobial defense against pneumococci. We found that the mitochondria are an important source of overall intracellular ROS produced by murine PMNs in response to infection. We investigated the host and bacterial factors involved and found that mitochondrial ROS (MitROS) are produced independent of bacterial capsule or pneumolysin but presence of live bacteria that are in direct contact with PMNs enhanced the response. We further found that MyD88-/-PMNs produced less MitROS in response to pneumococcal infection suggesting that released bacterial products acting as TLR ligands are sufficient for inducing MitROS production in PMNs. To test the role of MitROS in PMN function, we used an opsonophagocytic killing assay and found that MitROS were required for the ability of PMNs to kill pneumococci. We then investigated the role of MitROS in host resistance and found that MitROS are produced by PMNs in response to pneumococcal infection. Importantly, treatment of mice with a MitROS scavenger prior to systemic challenge resulted in reduced survival of infected hosts. In exploring host pathways that control MitROS, we focused on extracellular adenosine, which is known to control PMN anti-pneumococcal activity, and found that signaling through the A2B adenosine receptor inhibits MitROS production by PMNs. A2BR-/-mice produced more MitROS and were significantly more resistant to infection. Finally, we verified the clinical relevance of our findings using human PMNs. In summary, we identified a novel pathway that controls MitROS production by PMNs, shaping host resistance againstS.pneumoniae.
Global Brooklyn: Designing Food Experiences in World Cities, Fabio Parasecoli and Mateusz Halawa (eds) (2021)
Authors: Imbruce Valerie
Published: November 2022

Review of: Global Brooklyn: Designing Food Experiences in World Cities, Fabio Parasecoli and Mateusz Halawa (eds) (2021)

London: Bloomsbury, 216 pp., ISBN 978-1-35014-447-7, p/bk, $26.95
Microbiological and chemical evaluation of dairy products commercialized in the Lebanese market
Authors: El Kojok Hiyam , Khalil Mahmoud , Hage Rima , Jammoul Rola , Jammoul Adla , El Darra Nada
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: Cheese is considered an essential component of the Lebanese table, however, several foodborne illnesses have been reported due to cheese consumption. This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality and the occurrence of antibiotic and pesticide residues in two traditional Lebanese cheeses, Akkawi and Baladiyeh. In addition, drug resistance of isolated pathogens from the cheese samples was evaluated.

Materials and Methods: Fifty Akkawi and Baladiyeh cheese samples were obtained in duplicate from 37 different commercial brands in supermarkets and shops from various regions of Lebanon. Samples of different weights were either individually vacuum packed or soaked in brine unpacked where it was placed in plastic bag after being purchased. Samples were homogenized to determine antibiotic and pesticide residues using liquid and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and microbiological evaluation was performed according to the International Organization for Standardization reference analytical methods. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility of these isolates to antibiotics.

Results: Microbiologically, 17% of Akkawi and 14% of Baladiyeh samples were found to be non-conforming. The bacterial isolates (n = 29) were tested for their susceptibility to 11 different antibiotics commonly prescribed in the Lebanese community or used for treating infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria and listeriosis. Each isolate was found to be resistant to at least three antibiotics. Liquid and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy analysis showed the absence of pesticide residues in all samples. However, sulfamethazine antibiotic residue was found in 14% of the samples.

Conclusion: The results suggest that the cheese samples tested could cause foodborne illnesses due to the detection of pathogenic bacteria and are a public health concern due to the presence of antibiotic residues and the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms.
Applying a hybrid MCDM technique in warehouse management
Authors: Ajripour Iman
Published: November 2022

The main goal of this study is to apply Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) in managing a warehouse. One of the elements that could impact organization performance is warehouse management. Surplus inventory imposes some ad- ditional costs on the organization, and inadequate inventory stops the operation of an organization. For managing and controlling warehouse inventories, the MCDM method is recommended in this study. The inventories are categorized ba- sed on multi-criteria instead of a single criterion in ABC. To specify the criteria’s weight, Best-Worst Method is used, and to reach the final score of spare parts, the Analytical Hierarchy Process, and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution is applied. Some strategies for managing and controlling organizations’ warehouse is recommended.
Trend Analysis for Black Pod Disease Outbreak in Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Etaware Peter
Published: November 2022

About 70% of cocoa beans in the global market comes from Africa, majorly from West Africa (Etaware, 2021). The prevalence of BPD in West Africa is greater than anywhere else in the world. Cocoa pod loss due to BPD can be up to 100% (Etaware and Adedeji, 2019), therefore, it is statutory to highlight the trend of BPD outbreak so as to understand the disease dynamics.The prevalence of BPD in Southwest Nigeria was immense in August in Station 1 (30.0%), Station 3 (23.0%), Station 11 (16.0%), Station 4 (9.0%), Station 5 (7.0%), and Station 8 (3.0%) from Fig 1 & 3. Massive cocoa pod loss was recorded in September in Station 1 (100.0%), Station 3 (96.7%), Station 5 (85.7%), Station 11 (84.3%), and Station 4 (70.0%) with the exception of Station 8 (100% in October).The constant menace of BPD in Africa will in due course affect the global cocoa market, if a lasting solution is not proffered.
"Uma explosão de Sentimentos"
Authors: Moura de Almeida Ferreira Carvalho Rebecca , Trevisan de Souza Vera Lucia
Published: November 2022

O presente trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado em Psicologia, em andamento no Programa de Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu da PUC-Campinas, vinculada ao grupo de pesquisa Processos de Constituição do Sujeito em Práticas Educativas (PROSPED). Em suas pesquisas, os integrantes do grupo utilizam a arte como forma de acessar os sujeitos, compreendendo-a como potente na agilização da imaginação e promoção do desenvolvimento. O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a potência dos Animes e Mangás na expressão de emoções de adolescentes. A presente investigação se insere no campo dos estudos qualitativos e, caracteriza-se como pesquisa-intervenção, que une a realização da pesquisa à práticas psicológicas visando transformar as condições de vida dos sujeitos. Ao entregar nas intervenções folhas para produções livres ou cadernos como uma das formas de lidar com os afetos foi sugerido que expressassem suas emoções do modo que quisessem buscando colocar no caderno o que estavam sentindo. Uma das expressões registradas também foi através dos mangás. Acreditasse que a emoção estimula a imaginação e se utiliza como um meio para expressão e realização. Busca-se observar em especial as expressões de emoções e sentimentos dos alunos relacionando os animes, mangás e seu contexto educacional. A experiência nos leva a defender os mangás como instrumento na atuação do psicólogo escolar assim como de ações pedagógicas na escola. Concluímos que os mangás podem ser ferramentas no trabalho do psicólogo escolar e do próprio planejamento pedagógico visto sua característica que tem como central as emoções. A apresentação do Poster ocorreu no dia 12 de novembro de 2022 no 6º Congresso Brasileiro Psicologia in São Paulo.
Low earth orbit nanosatellite: influence of heat dissipation on passive thermal analysis
Authors: Akka Amine , Benabdelouahab Farid , Yerrou Randa
Published: November 2022

The use of small satellites in ambitious missions presents challenges related to thermal breakdowns as one of the critical issues contributing to their failure. Heat dissipation and thermal management are still the major challenges in nanosatellite systems design. To meet the thermal stability requirements, it becomes statutory to manage passive and active thermal control to reach this goal while a variety of factors, such as high-powered components, sunlight and shadow on orbit, or a tight spacecraft layout, remain imposed.A spherical nanosatellite thermal analysis was performed to show the effect of energy dissipation in a low earth orbit and the stability of the system with a special attention to batteries, which persist as the weak link among electronics parts. Additionally, a set of different material coatings was used to demonstrate their impact on the nanosatellite’s thermal behaviour, hence highlighting their importance while designing such a spacecraft.
Extra control coefficient additive ECCA-PID for control optimization of electrical and mechanic system
Authors: Can Erol
Published: November 2022

Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers are frequently used control methods for mechanical and electrical systems. Controller values are chosen either by calculation or by experimentation to obtain a satisfactory response in the system and to optimise the response. Sometimes the controller values do not quite capture the desired system response due to incorrect calculations or approximate entered values. In this case, it is necessary to add features that can make a comparison with the existing traditional system and add decision-making features to optimise the response of the system. In this article, the decision-making unit created for these control systems to provide a better control response and the PID system that contributes an extra control coefficient called ECCA-PID is presented. First, the structure and design of the traditional PID control system and the ECCA-PID control system are presented. After that, ECCA-PID and traditional PID methods’ step response of a quadratic systemare examined. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Experimental study of the torsional effect for yarn break load test of polymeric multifilaments
Authors: Da Cruz Daniel Magalhães , Clain Fernanda Mazuco , Guilherme Carlos Eduardo Marcos
Published: November 2022

Polymeric multifilaments have gained a significant interest in recent decades. In the studies of mechanical characteristics, although there are different types of tests, such as rupture, abrasion, creep, impact and fatigue, it can be said that the main mechanical characterisation is the tensile rupture strength (Yarn Break Load, YBL), which also serves as a parameter for other tests. The objective of this work is to evaluate the results of breaking strength under different torsional conditions in polymeric multifilaments and to determine optimal twists for failures. The test were carried out with the following materials: polyamide, polyester, and high modulus polyethylene (HMPE), and for torsional conditions: 0, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240, and 480 turns per metre. As a result, for these torsion groups, curves were obtained for the three materials that present an optimal point of maximum rupture value, which was also experimentally proven. The twist that optimises the breaking strength of HMPE is 38 turns per metre, 56 turns per metre for polyester, and 95 turns per metre for polyamide. The twist groups that exceed the optimal torsion have a deleterious effect on the material, where the multifilament ceases to be homogeneous and starts to create an excessive "spring effect". The results found differ from the recommendation of the standard that regulates the YBL test, and thus, a relationship is built between groups of optimal torsion and linear density that provides evidence that the increase in linear density causes the optimal torsion for rupture to also increase, while the standard places a condition of 30 turns per metre for linear densities greater than 2200 dtex, and 60 turns per metre for linear densities less than 2200 dtex. In addition to optimal torsion values, this conclusion is paramount, the test procedure makes a general recommendation that does not optimise the breaking strength.