bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Based on Artificial Intelligent Algorithm for Optimization of Urban Radial Distribution Network
Authors: Sun Heng
Published: December 2012

This paper summarized the basic steps and processes of urban distribution network planning. It used genetic algorithm with strong global optimization ability for medium voltage distribution network substation outlet to make optimization calculation, and then formed radiation type of power supply network. According to the radial network structure, considering the limitation of the outlet of substation standby capacity and reliability constraint conditions, to meet the situation of minimum investment cost, determined the connection mode of distribution network and contact line direction. This paper adopts an actual distribution network planning project of Tianjin as an example, according to the load forecasting results, determine the connection mode of distribution network and contact line direction, the results meet the reliability, economy and other requirements.
Study on Characteristics of Modes Instability in Power System with Close Modes
Authors: Zhao Shu Qiang , Lu Hui Xin
Published: December 2012

When there exist close oscillation modes in power systems, modes instability may occur due to small changes of system parameters. The mechanism of modes instability in power system with close modes is analyzed using perturbation method and Modal Assurance Criterion is presented to measure the modes instability. New England 10-machine system is applied to analyze characteristics of modes instability by perturbing system parameters. The results show that modal interaction is a crucial factor in the modes instability, and the characteristics of modes instability may be different because of the different interaction happened between close modes.
Numerical Simulation of Condenser Throat Combining with Low-Pressure Exhaust Hood for 600MW Thermal Power Unit
Authors: Li Jian , Zhang Li , Wang Si Ping
Published: December 2012

In order to obtain the more real condition of the flow field at condenser throat the flow field of condenser throat is numerical simulated by the FLUENT commercial software, alone or coupling with the low-pressure exhaust hood. The results show that the flow field of condenser throat is strongly influenced by low-pressure exhaust hood, the frustum’s diffuse-angle, the low-pressure heater and the injection of the exhaust steam from the small turbine. The velocity distribution at the outlet of the throat isn’t uniform. The calculation result of combined model is also different from the single calculation result of condenser throat. Combined numerical simulation obtains more reasonable result.
A Theory of Six-Line Transmission System's Fault Phase Selection Base on Wide Area Measurement System
Authors: Wang Yan , Xu Song Xiao , Yang De Quan
Published: December 2012

The parallel transmission lines on the same tower and six-phase transmission system both have the characteristic of narrow corridor, less occupied fertile soil and large transmission capacity, so they have been widely applied and laid great attention. The WAMS provides a new technical means for the safe and stable operation of six-line transmission system. Based on electrical signals of transmission lines gained from WAMS, this paper uses long line equation to calculate fault current, and analyzes the fault current with six sequence components method. On basis of magnitude and angle characteristic of six sequence components, a theory of fault phase selection for six-line transmission system is proposed. Theoretical analysis and EMTDC simulation tests show that this method is not affected by distributed capacitance and transition resistance, and can correctly select the fault phase at any case of operation mode and fault condition. It can provide effective fault phase selection logic for distance relay protection of six-line transmission system.
Design and Study of Resistance Wave Height Meter
Authors: Li Yu Sen , Yang Lu Jin
Published: December 2012

This paper introduces the design principles for the resistance wave height meter and structure of hardware and software, madding brief elaborate on the functions and realization of each module. The system adopts a compensating lever method to exclude the impact of the solution conductivity on the system measurement results. The excitation source use bipolar pulse voltage, easing the dielectric polarization problem, so that the circuit is further simplified, improves measurement precision.
Multi-Period Generation Scheduling Optimization Model and its Application
Authors: Zhu Ze Lei , Wang Wen Wen , Li Qiang , Yan Cui Hui , Dai Sai
Published: December 2012

Generation scheduling depended on accurate boundary conditions. Before the actual implementation, optimization result of day-ahead schedule was needed to be rolling corrected by two periods of intraday scheduling and real-time scheduling. It was key problem to establish optimization models which adapt to different dispatch period and coordinate different period generation scheduling for to achieving the best optimization results. This paper first discussed coordination mode of different period generation scheduling; Then, the mathematical models were established for day-ahead scheduling, intraday scheduling and real-time scheduling; Day-ahead scheduling and intraday scheduling including SCUC and SCED, intraday scheduling including SCED, and optimization goals were the minimum total cost of generation. In addition to boundary conditions, the difference between day-ahead scheduling and intraday scheduling model was that the optimal range from all units into AGC units; In real-time operation stage, the optimized objective was the minimum deviation between real-time schedule and intraday schedule for AGC units. Through practical application in a provincial, it proves that the proposed model is correct and effective.
The Impact of Hydro-Turbine and its Governor System on Power System Low Frequency Oscillation
Authors: Zhu Jian Guo
Published: December 2012

This paper studies the effect of the soft feedback in hydro-turbine and its governor system on power system transient stability. Low frequency oscillation phenomenon in which the hydraulic turbine sets participate occurred on power system many times this year, which with no mechanism discovered. In this paper, we first study the effect of mechanical load moment output of the prime mover system on the mechanism of low frequency oscillations, then by analysis of small-signal stability on hydro-turbine and its governor system and simulation experiments on an two-generator power system using PSASP, we come to the conclusion that: If the soft feedback output values of hydro-turbine governor systems are set small in the power system, it will come to the unstable oscillation condition.
The Research on Malfunction Diagnosis of Thermal Power System of Steam Turbine Based on Structure Theory
Authors: Wang Yong , Ji Dong Mei , Chai Guo Xu , Wang Du
Published: December 2012

The improved diagnostic technique based on the structure theory is applied to a 600MW coal fired power plant. Two typical malfunctions which only one malfunction occurs and multiple malfunctions occur simultaneously are researched by the malfunction simulation. The induced malfunctions could be separated by the sequential process model. The results show the modified diagnostic model based on thermo-economics structural theory is correct and practical.
Design and Implementation of Optical Fiber Line Auto Switch Protection for Power System
Authors: Jia Yan Fei , Zhao Li Quan
Published: December 2012

To overcome the problem that the artificial scheduling can not deal with optical fiber switching in time when optical fiber is broken or damage in power system, we designed an optical fiber line auto switch protection system. The system used six 4x4 optical switches to compose an optical switch array that eight working fibers can share four alternate fibers. Comparing with other system, the new system more effectively utilizes alternate fibers, and is more suitable for practical power system. It used single chip microcomputer as control chip of optical switch, when the received optical power is lower than predefined threshold, the control chip will control the optical switch to alternate fiber line in time to ensure the real time and reliability of optical fiber communication. In the same time, the new system can communicate with host computer to alarm, display fault optical fiber line and remote control, and be controlled by button to realize the manual switch of optical fiber line.
A New Mathematical Model to Calculate DC Transmission System’s Operating Parameters
Authors: Shang Rong Yan , Chen Yin , Peng Chang Qing
Published: December 2012

To study the DC transmission system, and control it in real-time, many researchers make models based on the Fourier decomposition method. However, their calculations are not very precise. In this paper, a new mathematical model for the DC transmission system was build, by use of the Fourier formulas to decompose the current on the converter transformer’s valve side. Formulas for the operating parameters of both rectifier station and inverter station were derived, and the effects of the harmonics were considered. Results from theoretical calculations and experimental collection show that waveforms of the operating parameters are very similar. Even the experimental waveforms change a little, the calculation results can reflect the change clearly, which fully prove that the theoretical analysis is correct and the mathematical model is accurate.
New Progress of Study in Energy Storage Area of Volcanic Rocks
Authors: Lu Fang , Du Xin Jiang , Zhou Yan , Du Yang Yang
Published: December 2012

With the rapid development of national economy, combined with the construction of strategic reservation of petroleum in China, difficulty of large-scale energy storage and peak-shaving comes up. In recent years, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and a number of energy companies launched two projects in the Columbia Basin to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of underground gas and wind power storage in basalt interflow aquifers. These projects reveal the potential of volcanic rocks in the underground energy storage areas. This paper briefly describes the new progress of study in underground gas storage (UGS), compressed air energy storage (CAES) and underground thermal energy storage (UTES) of volcanic rocks. We point out that depleted volcanic oil and gas reservoirs could be another complementary type of UGS and CAES, and volcanic rocks types should be included extrusive rocks and pyroclastic rocks. At last, volcanic energy storage technologies used in some domestic related areas of enlightenment is summarized to provide theoretical basis for building green, efficient and low-consumption economy.
Experimental Study on PFASS Produced from Gangue & its Effect on Waste Water in Oil Field
Authors: Xiao Zeng Li , Qin Wen Long , Kong Peng , Wu Jing Quan
Published: December 2012

The principle of preparation of PFASS by using gangue was introduced in this paper. By examining indicators such as COD, SS and chrominance, the best dose and operating time were evaluated for waste water from Changing oil field. It was showed from the experiment that: PFASS produced from the technology mentioned in this paper had a good effect on the waste water in oil field; using PFASS produced from gangue to treat field water is a good way to fight against waste by waste.
Biomarker Geochemistry and Hydrocarbon Generation Potential of the Evaporites in Dongying Lacustrine Basin
Authors: Chen Zhong Hong
Published: December 2012

To investigate hydrocarbon potential of the evaporites, some deep wells such as Haoke-1 well and Fengshen-2 well were intensively cored, tested by TOC, Rock-Eval, and chromatography and mass spectrometry and evaluated using geochemistry of biomarker and hydrocarbon generation. High content of gammacerane and low Pr/Ph was exhibited in the evaporite system compared to the non-evaporite system. Different response of biomarkers parameters for the different sedimentary systems was exhibited, such as C19/(C19+C23) terpanes, C29/(C27+C28+C29) steranes, C24/C23 and C22/C21 tricyclic terpane. The evaporites and mud stones have the capacity to generate and expel hydrocarbons. The tested samples were mostly typeⅠand typeⅡ1 of organic matter, and their original generating capacity can reach 40 mg/g rock and 20 mg/g rock respectively. The efficiency of hydrocarbon expulsion reached 60%, but the distribution of organic matter and its generative potential was highly variable. In general, the mudstones show greater generative potential than the evaporites. High maturity severely reduced the capacity of their rocks to generate and expel petroleum.
The Floating Removal of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Steel
Authors: Shi Jing Pei , Zhang Cai Jun , Zhu Li Guang
Published: December 2012

The basic research of collision and float behavior of inclusions in steel metallurgical production process is of great significance. Only when we grasp the mechanism of the collision and agglomeration of the inclusion, can we propose the improvement program of inclusion removal. This paper mainly summarized how to remove the inclusions by floating, studied it through the hydraulics simulation experiment, verified the correctness of the Stokes formula, revised the Stokes formula according to the experimental data, determined a value range of the correction coefficient, and then obtained a more applicable Stokes correction formula.
The Prediction for Favorable Areas of Hot Dry Rock Exploration in the Northern Part of Songliao Basin
Authors: Wu Xiao Xiong , Shi Shang Ming , Zhao Pan , Wei Hua Bin , Zhang Liang , Bai Xue Min
Published: December 2012

After years of research about the geothermal resources in the northern part of Songliao Basin, preliminary results have been achieved in the exploration and development of middle-shallow layer geothermal resources and oilfield production water geothermal resources. The Hot Dry Rock is as a special kind of geothermal resources, it shows the advantages of high heat, wide distribution, unaffected by the season and natural condition, etc. The exploration and utilization of the Hot Dry Rock in the deep of the northern part of Songliao Basin is very important for the energy conservation and emission reductions and the sustainable development of Daqing Oilfield which heat consumption is very higher in oil production. This article analyzed the possibility of Hot Dry Rock existing in the northern part of Songliao Basin through the study of crust structure, structure and geothermal field and predicted the favorable areas of Hot Dry Rock exploration. It indicates the direction of next step for Hot Dry Rock exploration and utilization.
Analysis of Carbon Footprint of Energy Consumption in He’nan Province Based on LMD Model
Authors: Li Qing Song , Wen Qian , Meng Qing Xiang , Li Xin , Zhao Jing Ying
Published: December 2012

This article used the Logarithmic Mean weight Divisia Index(LMDI),analyzed the dynamic changes of carbon footprint of the energy consumption and its influencing factors in He’nan province from 1991 to 2010. The results showed that the carbon footprint and its pressure were increasing, and the carbon footprint intensity was decreasing; Economic development was the main factor of the increasing of carbon footprint in He’nan province, the influences of population scales and energy structure on carton footprint was relatively small; the efficiency of energy use was the main factor to restrain the increasing of carbon footprint; optimizing the energy structure and reducing the ratio of coal in energy consumption were the important means to slow down the increasing of carton footprint in He’nan province.
A Biomass Energy Route for Refineries from a Low-Carbon Perspective
Authors: Xu Yan Ming , Xin Wen Ju , He Dong Rui , Jiang Qing Zhe , Song Zhao Zheng , Song Qian Qian
Published: December 2012

Refineries are major CO2emitters, so it is imperative for them to conserve energy and reduce CO2emissions; biomass is undoutedly of great significance to alleviate the dual pressures resulting from energy crisis and emissions constraints. This paper, by analyzing emission reduction potential of our national petrochemical enterprises and the three main emissions reduction measures-Fuel alternative, carbon utilization and process optimization-taken by refineries in China, proposes that, under the dual pressures from energy crisis and greenhouse effects, importance should be attached to the development and utilization of biomass energy and new refining systems suitable for biomass energy should be built; what’s more, three proposals are suggested for setting up them, including establishing new refining system at remote areas to ensure the adequate supply of raw materials, and creating matched power generation system and new device structure for biomass characteristics. Thereby, a major breakthrough can be made to ease the energy crisis, to truly achieve the aim of energy conservation and “Eat the grass and produce the milk”.
Forecast Methods and Scenarios Comparison for Renewable Energy Production
Authors: Li Ming Yu , Zhang Guang Sheng
Published: December 2012

According to the historical data of renewable energy production and cumulative production in U.S., this paper forecasted the trend of its production after 2011. First, changes of the historical U.S. renewable energy production were analyzed. Second, growth cycle of production was confirmed based on the above analysis, and phrased production forecast was given by power fitting curve. Third, this paper presented the non-phased production forecast by the second fitting equation calculated from the ratio of production and cumulative production. Through comparing the scenarios of phased prediction and non-phased forecast, to the renewable energy production forecast released by the U.S. Department of Energy, we concludes that average curve of standard and low scenarios is more in line, and the non-phased forecast can draw the range of future production changes. Finally, impact of U.S. renewable energy development on China is studied in the discussion of the results.
Ecological Benefits of Energy Efficiency Improvement for Coal Utilization in China
Authors: Li Ai Jun , Li Zheng
Published: December 2012

This study analyzes the ecological effects of energy efficiency improvement for coal utilization during urbanization in China by a hybrid computable general equilibrium model. Firstly, the impacts of energy efficiency and industrial technology upgrading on total coal consumption and coal consumption intensity during the period from 2002 to 2030 are examined. Then the ecological benefits of energy efficiency related technology progress for coal utilization are also estimated. Simulation results show that resource input saving has absolutely more ecological benefits than emissions reduction for energy efficiency improvement of coal utilization in China.
Application Technology Research and Prospective Analysis of Building Energy Consumption Database
Authors: Yu Liang , Li Qiang , Feng Guo Hui , Li Ying , Sun Meng Yun
Published: December 2012

This article provides an overview of building energy consumption in definition, role and significance of the database, the database development and database features, and propose a structural framework of building energy consumption database, then prospect outlook database study on building energy consumption.
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Performance of Road Transport Enterprises
Authors: Xie Zhi Ming , Jiang Zhi Min
Published: December 2012

Using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE), from road transport enterprise organization system, vehicle technology management, road condition, organization and scheduling, energy saving and emission reduction targets and energy saving and emission reduction technology promote six aspects to carry on the evaluation, and useing an example to explain it. This will have important significance to the road transport enterprises in energy-saving emission reduction work.
Study on Conduction Paths of Carbon Footprint of Energy Sources Industry among Industries in Henan Province
Authors: Liu Qing Xin
Published: December 2012

According to Input-Output table portraying the conduction path of carbon footprint among industries, and define the impact of the energy sources industry for other industries on carbon emissions, the paper provide specific and workable methods for energy saving and emission reduction. Constructing the input-output model of carbon footprint of Henan Province by Input-Output method based on the energy consumption data. Using input coefficient, output coefficient and the method of triangulation, identify conduction path of carbon footprint of the energy sources industry among industries in Henan Province. According to the analysis of energy industry in Henan province, the paper introduces the characteristic of carbon emissions of the energy industry and Put forward the ideas of energy conservation and emission reduction taking the energy industry as the breakthrough point.
Development of a Novel Efficient Marine Oil Spill Cleaner with Advanced Control Technology
Authors: Wang Hao Fei , Wang Tuo , Song Ci , Du Wang Ze , Lu Jian Gang
Published: December 2012

Oil spill occurs frequently on the ocean. The amount of oil spill is 900 million tons from 2001 to 2010 in total, which resulted in enormous environment pollution and economic loss. The disadvantages of conventional methods such as pipe pumping method are high-energy-consuming, inefficient and high-cost. In this paper, a new method was proposed and a novel efficient oil spill cleaner was developed, which can recover 25kg oil per hour despite only 4kg weight of the cleaner itself. By using image recognition, advanced control algorithm, and roller extrusion, oil spill is detected and recovered automatically and effectively. The new method can decrease 60% energy consumption and triple the oil recovering rate. It can be concluded that this oil spill cleaner is an ideal prototype of the large novel marine oil spill recovery vessels.
The Study on Surveys and Evaluation of Living Consumption Level of Urban Residents Based on the Ecological Footprint
Authors: Zhang Peng Yan , Hu Chang Hui , Qin Ming Zhou , Yan Jiang Hong , Zhao Ya Ping
Published: December 2012

Taking three residential areas of different income levels in Kaifeng City, Henan Province in 2009 as a case, this study analyzed the ecological footprint of Kaifeng city using the theory and methods of ecological footprint and questionnaire survey. According to the questionnaire survey of three residential areas of Banqiao, Kangping and Longcheng xiangxieli garden, the ecological footprint of consumption of biological resources and energy consumption are calculated in these areas. The conclusions are made that the higher the income consumption level of residents, the greater the ecological footprint, and lower income residents consumption level, the smaller ecological footprint.
The Measure and Analysis of Industry Total Factor Energy Efficiency about Inner Mongolia Based on the DEA Method
Authors: Liu Yuan Yuan , Yu Jiao , Lu Yu Duo
Published: December 2012

This article discusses the application of the data envelopment analysis in the energy efficiency measure of the industries, which thinks that according to energy consumption intensity industries can be divided into three categories, high, middle and low energy consumption, respectively discussion will have more theoretical significance. Later, this paper chooses constant returns to scale model, respectively measures total factor energy efficiency to three kinds of Inner Mongolia industrial industries, and summarizes the changes and characteristics of energy efficiency in these three kinds of industries. Result shows that, the energy efficiencies among high energy consumption industries are similar and recently they began to decline; the energy efficiencies of middle energy consumption industries are relatively high, but there are some differences between industries; in most low energy consumption industries energy efficiencies are low and the fluctuation is lesser, but several fluctuations are bigger which industries are worth our attention.
Economic Feasibility Study of DES/CCHP in Different Regions of China
Authors: Yang William
Published: December 2012

Recently China issued a series of policies that benefit the development of DES/CCHP. We are confident that DES/CCHP fueled by natural gas will boom in recent decades. Operation cost is the key factor that decides if a project will succeed. This paper analyzed three factors that influence the cost of DES/CCHP project: annual running time; comprehensive energy efficiency and the price of natural gas and electricity, reaching the conclusion that the price of natural gas and electricity is the determinant factor to a DES/CCHP project and gas-electricity price ratio is a comprehensive index that indicates the economic expectation of a DES/CCHP project. Considering that no survey has been conducted about the gas and electricity price distributions in China, we collected price data of natural gas and electricity, and got the conclusion that DES/CCHP is more competitive in Northwest region of China, especially Xinjiang, Ningxia.
Research and Application of Spectral Decomposition in Carbonate Reservoir and Fault Identification in MaiJie Let Gas Field, Amu Darya Basin
Authors: Yu Hao , Li Jin Song , Zhang Yan , Xu Guang Cheng
Published: December 2012

Spectral decomposition is to convert seismic signals from the time domain to the frequency domain by mathematical transformation, and analyze amplitude and phase response characteristics of different scale geological bodies. Spectral decomposition could get higher resolution than conventional seismic data. In the identification of the fault system, it is fit for fault interpretation and plane combination of the sections. In the reservoir prediction, it can identify the shape and contour of the reservoir. This document analyzed algorithm and applicability of short time Fourier transform, continuous wavelet transform and S-transform. Using these three methods for carbonate reservoir identification in MaiJie let gas field, Amu Darya Basin, it proves that the frequency division section is more clearly than conventional seismic section in reservoir and fault description. And S-transform gets the best result.
The Analysis of Dynamic Change of Cultivated Land and Driving Forces in Suzhou City
Authors: Su Hai Min , He Ai Xia
Published: December 2012

According to statistical and survey data from 1991 to 2010 at provincial and county levels, trend of cultivated land change and its driving forces in Suzhou City during the last 20 years were discussed in this article. It was found that: since 1990s, the total area of arable land and per capita availability were reducing; as a result of the principal component analysis, the 10 driving forces of arable land were analyzed which could be classified into three types, i.e, the development of economy, social system and population and progress of science and technology in agriculture. As to the economy factors, population and social system factors were the main driving forces, which play an important role in the change of cultivated land.
Research on Industrial Environmental Burden and Environment Learning Curve in Shanxi Province
Authors: Han Ya Fen , Li Qi
Published: December 2012

Based on the statistics data from 1995 to 2010 in Shanxi industry, this article selects four indexes which include the energy and water consumption, waste gas, SO2, mist and dust, waste water, COD, per 104 RMB Yuan, and establishes environment learning curves of energy consumption and air pollution, water consumption and pollution in Shanxi province. According to these models, the potentials of resources saving and pollution reducing in different periods are calculated and analyzed, represented by the decrease of each index when the per capita GDP increase 1000 yuan. The result shows that: (1) With the growth of GDP per capital, each index falls by power exponential model which follows "environmental learning curve", illustrating that the burden of resource and environment was steady declining. (2) The potentials of saving energy resources and reducing pollution in Shanxi province gradually descents from 1995 to 2010, illustrating that the reduction in marginal cost by the development of technology is becoming smaller and smaller, and the enhancement of resource using efficiency and pollution reducing efficiency is not unlimited.
Discussion of the Mitigation on Urban Heat Island Effect Based on Sustainable Development
Authors: Wang Ji Ping , Xue Xiong Zhi
Published: December 2012

Several dispersing and small-scale measures such as permeable pavements, green streets, and ecological roofs for sustainable development to mitigate the heat island effect were proposed, and there the following environmental benefits and economic benefits were analyzed. Permeable pavements effectively relieve the negative influence on urban ecology caused by urban harden ground. As well, permeable pavements link up soil and air, making the ground warm in winter and cool in summer, which increase the sense of living comfort in the city. The research shows that when area of the urban roads increase to 25% of the whole city, completely applying the asphalt pavement roads can make the temperature 1 ~ 1. 5 °C lower on the whole in downtown district. Green streets are beautiful street landscapes which planting green plants such as shade trees on both sides of the streets. On one hand it can keep cool, and mitigate urban heat island effect. On the other hand it can absorb the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, and maintain carbon-oxygen balance. Shade trees effectively prevent sunlight from hitting to the ground, and make the sun radiation intensity significantly lower than the harden ground and the lawn. The sun radiation intensity can be reduced by 80% or more on occasion that there have trees. Ecological roofs can adjust the temperature, and form natural air conditioning which is beneficial to improve the air quality. Research data show that in summer, on average, temperature of the ecological roofs are 2.6 °C lower than the bare cement roofs and in winter which are 0.84°C higher than the cement ones. Then the implementation of the feasibility through the above mentioned sustainable development measures to achieve the minimum impact on the environment, which play an important role in reducing urban surface temperature was discussed. The prospect of implementing the technology in China that usually appeared in high densely-populated urban areas was given at the end of this paper.
Clean Development Mechanism and Carbon Trading Market Construction in China
Authors: Yang Zhi Hong , Li Shuang Jian , Zhou Yi Pu , Wang Qi , Liu Qin Zhe
Published: December 2012

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the three “flexibility” mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol. Chinese government implements the CDM projects as the only way and most important means to participate in the global carbon trading market, and provides a lot of policy support; however, there are still many problems and risks during the operation of CDM projects in China: the lack of legal system, Carbon leakage, the insufficient transfer of technology and the passive market position of Chinese enterprises. Starting from the strict GHG reduction target and pilot projects of carbon trading in China, this paper constructs domestic carbon trading market on the basis of experiences and lessons of CDM projects in China; then it puts forward the basic thinking of legal system, market management and supervision system in the process of China’s carbon trading market establishment.
The KMgAl Sorbents for CO2 Capture from Coal-Fired Power Plant
Authors: Li Lei , Wen Xia , Wang Feng , Zhao Ning , Xiao Fu Kui , Wei Wei , Sun Yu Han
Published: December 2012

The KMgAl sorbents for CO2capture was investigated in this study. The sorbent showed a maximum CO2capture capacity with MgO loading of 10 wt % at low temperature in simulated flue gas. The presence of an appropriate amount of water vapor pretreatment had a positive effect on the CO2capture capacity. Furthermore, the XRD results revealed that the main active species K4H2(CO3)3•1.5H2O appeared after water vapor pretreatment with 0-20 min and Mg4Al2(OH)12CO3•3H2O formed as the time of water vapor pretreatment increased. The main products KHCO3and K2Mg(CO3)2•4H2O formed over the sorbent pretreated with water vapor after CO2adsorption in the absence of water vapor.
Combination Distribution Characteristics and Corresponding Material Sources of Surface Clay Minerals in Beibu Gulf, China
Authors: Zhang Na , Yan Yu Tong , Li Sheng Rong , Tong Xiu Yun , Yan Li Na
Published: December 2012

Clay minerals are the main ingredients of the ocean floor sediments, which completely record a lot of geological information and have important meanings in the studies of source material, sedimentary environment, global climate change, sea-level fluctuation and ocean currents evolution. This paper studies composition and combination distribution characteristics of 312 surface clay mineral samples and makes the mineral mapping in Beibu gulf. The results show that the components of clay minerals in Beibu gulf are mainly mixed layer of illite and montmorillonite, kaolinite, chlorite and illite and each average content are 49.95%, 24.69%, 14.07% and 11.28%, respectively. According to combination and content of the clay minerals, the distribution areas of clay minerals in Beibu gulf can be divided into four divisions of 1, 2, 3 and 4 divisions. The differences of 4 divisions are closely related with the source area parent rocks and circulation.
Perspectives for Utilization of Multicriteria Decision Methods AHP / ANP to Create a National Energy Strategy in Terms of Sustainable Development
Authors: Moravčik Oliver , Sekera Branislav , Beňo Rastislav , Sakál Peter , Šmida Lubomir
Published: December 2012

Today, by globalization an interconnected world is very important the cooperation of all stakeholders at the international level. It is not only our opinion, that the only alternative is sustainable development of planet Earth, to which would contribute the mentioned cooperation. As shown by the results of [1, 2] our research, the internet allows us to quick exchange of information, experiences and good ideas. To ensure the development of the Slovak Republic is necessary to become a part of sustainable development also sustainable energy solutions and technologies which use its own available energy resources [3]. This paper deals with methods using multi-criteria decision-ANP / AHP for creation a national energy strategy in terms of sustainable development, which present complex decision models with more alternatives, or scenarios, and from an extensive set of evaluation indicators for creation the best strategy or finding the optimal decision. The decision-making model, referred to in this paper is the application of Saaty’s method ANP with BOCR (Benefits, Opportunities, Costs, Risks) network, where by the setting preferences BOCR is achieved with the application of AHP method with hierarchical structure of strategic indicators. A small drawback of this solution is its large extensity and therefore the solution structure is schematically shown in this paper. Keywords: AHP/ANP, DHP/DNP, multicriteria decision making, sustainable development, national energy strategy
Thinking about Coupling Effect between Economy-Society-Environment and Ecological Carrying Capacity in Dongting Lake Region
Authors: Xiong Jian Xin , Xie Xue Mei
Published: December 2012

The interrelation between economy-society-environment and ecological carrying capacity is the most important theme of sustainable development recently. Based on RS、Arc GIS and SPSS, constructing evaluation index system from the three aspects of the eco-elastic capability, resources and environment carrying capacity, as well as socio-economic coordination capability, using the analytic hierarchy process to determine the index weight, and state-space techniques to construct the coupling effects model, in order to provide scientific and theoretical basis for the country to implement the scientific concept of development, build a harmonious society and realize the sustainable development of regional economy, society, environment and ecology.
The Cognition Decide the Exploration- The Exploration Study on Buried Hill Reservoir in the Liaohe Basin
Authors: Xue Zong Zhan , He Deng Fa , Wang Xiao Heng
Published: December 2012

In recent years the buried hill exploration was a main power for increasing reserve& production in the Liaohe oil field. By the research and analysis on the buried hill reservoir exploration in the Liaohe oil field in the paper, It point out that the previously mistake cognition was broken through in the buried hill reservoir exploration with the seismic, logging etc. technology development. The achievement list as: 1. The conclusion is drawn about the depth of the buried hill reservoir determined by the depth of the source rock which clarified the mistake about the buried hill reservoir formed only in the shallow formation. 2. The inner of the buried hill reservoir of the metamorphic rock is a fissure-cave system formed by the various and layered rocks which served as an oil accumulation place which broke through the cognition on no pore in the deep inner of the buried hill reservoir. 3.The reservoir-formed pattern is built on the study of the controlled factor in the buried hill reservoir which denied the barrier of the basalt layer for oil and gas translation over the buried hill reservoir .In this paper by the summary of the cognition breakthrough and achievement, it shows the next exploration direction in buried hill reservoir in the Liaohe depression.
Influence of Strain Rate on Mechanical Property of Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 Bulk Metallic Glass at Room Temperature
Authors: Sun Ya Juan
Published: December 2012

The mechanical property of Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 bulk metallic glass was investigated at different strain-rate range. It is indicated that the yield strength of the Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 bulk metallic glass is insensitive to quasi-static strain rates ranging from 4×10-4 s-1 to 4×10-3 s-1. However, plasticity remarkably decreases with increasing strain rate under compression tests. The more shear bands were observed on the side surface of the fractured samples by SEM at low strain rate, which is contributed to the improved ductility.
Strength and Energy Absorption of Self-Piercing Riveted Joints
Authors: He Xiao Cong , Xing Bao Ying , Ding Yan Fang , Hu Yue Bo , Zeng Kai
Published: December 2012

With increasing application of self-piercing riveting (SPR) in different industrial fields, the demand for a better understanding of the knowledge of strength and energy absorption characteristics of the SPR joints is required. It is also important for SPR to benefit from the advantages of adhesively bonding. It is commonly understood that the addition of adhesive in SPR joints is beneficial but it is not clear if there are negative effects on mechanical properties of SPR joints. In present study, deformation and failure of homogeneous joints under monotonic tensile loading were studied for validating the strength and energy absorption of SPR and SPR-bonded hybrid joints.
Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of N, S Co-Doped ZnO Photocatalyst
Authors: Ma Hong Chao , Ding Yi Ru , Fu Ying Huan , Dong Xiao Li , Ma Chun , Zhang Xin Xin , Xue Mang , Zhang Xiu Fang
Published: December 2012

The N, S codoped ZnO was synthesized by microwave assisted hydrothermal method. The N, S codoping narrowed the band gap of ZnO (formed impurity states in the band gap), hence shift light response to range of visible light. Furthermore, the doped ZnO exhibits significantly higher photocatalytic activity than that of pure ZnO for degradation of reactive brilliant blue KN-R aqueous solution under simulative solar irradiation.
The Fabrication and Characterization for Ag/C Catalysts
Authors: Han Jia Jun , Cheng Jin Ning , Pan Feng Wen , Liu Xin Kui , Zhang Fang
Published: December 2012

In this research, Ag/C catalysts was respectively prepared by application of the polymeric complex protection for Ag(I) in different content of Ag. According to the characterizations by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, it was proved that the particle size of Ag , which was obtained by application of the polymeric complex protection for Ag(I), was related to the mass ratio of PVP and silver nitrate, the concentration of silver nitrate and sodium borohydride. Simultaneously the electrocatalytic activity of Ag/C catalysts is discussed through the polarization curves.
Elastic Constant of Adansonia Digitata AnD in Anisotropic Longitudinal Direction by Non Destructive Method
Authors: Phadke Sushil , Shrivastava B.D. , Mishra Ashutosh , Ujle Sunil , Dagaonkar N.
Published: December 2012

India is veritable emporium of medicinal and aromatic trees. It has been estimated those trees occurring in India are commonly useful. Adansonia Digitata AnD is useful for different purpose like in bio- medical, chemical industries etc. The study of elastic behaviour of a solid is very important in fundamental and technical research. Strength and stiffness assessment of Adansonia Digitata AnD fruit shell and dried fruit pulp was a crucial task in the rehabilitation of Adansonia Digitata And fruit structure and its mechanical property Unsatisfactory results given by traditional procedures, therefore we applied non-destructive technique NDT. Solid bodies are not absolutely rigid by the application of suitable forces. We used the composite piezoelectric oscillator technique to calculate elastic behaviour of Adansonia Digitata AnD fruit part (fruit shell and dried fruit pulp) by the frequency 123.4 KHz of quartz crystal. In the present study Ultrasonic Inspection is a very useful and versatile NDT method to calculate the Ultrasonic Longitudinal Velocity and elastic constant of Adansonia Digitata AnD fruit shell and dried fruit pulp in the longitudinal direction with ultrasonic frequency at room temperature 308 K. We have measured the resonant frequencies of the specimen’s fs. The specimen’s were collected from Mandu, Dhar Dist. (M.P.) India known as mandav ki imali. Characterization of the samples was made by scanning electron microscope (SEM) Model JEOL JSM5400.The resonant frequencies of the specimens were measured by Ultrasonic Interferometer (for solids) dual frequency Mittal Enterprises, New Delhi.
Control of Magnetic Suspension Linear Feed System
Authors: Liu De Jun , Duan Hui Da , Zhou Zhen Xiong
Published: December 2012

A magnetic suspension linear feed device has been introduced in this paper, it is consist of linear motion and suspension parts. The mathematical model of suspension system is modeled. Aiming at the suspension part which is an nonlinear and strong coupling system, the auto-disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is used. The inner disturbance and outside disturbance is observed and compensated, the result of simulation indicates the suspension control A magnetic suspension linear feed device has been introduced in this paper, it is consist of linear motion and suspension parts. The mathematical model of suspension system is modeled. Aiming at the suspension part which is an nonlinear and strong coupling system, the auto-disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is used. The inner disturbance and outside disturbance is observed and compensated, the result of simulation indicates the suspension control has better dynamic, static and robust characters by using the auto-disturbance rejection controller.
The Design of the Temperature Auto-Monitoring System Based on GPRS
Authors: Zhan Ye , Duan Feng Yang , Chang Li Min
Published: December 2012

The system is constituted by the multi-point temperature sensing device in site, the GPRS wireless communication module and the temperature monitoring center. The data acquisition and processing of the temperature is achieved by the low-power and high-performance microcontroller MSP430F149. Based on the GPRS module controlled by the microcontroller serial ports, the temperature data is transmitted to the remote monitoring center through the link consisted by the GPRS network and the Internet. The establishment of the data listening and receiving in the monitoring center is through the Socket. The temperature data is saved in the Access database and database developed using Visual Basic, which enhances the effectiveness of the database management.
Parameters Choice of Active Infrared Night Vision System to Vehicles
Authors: Xin Hai Sheng , Yue Hai Jun , Liang Dong Mei
Published: December 2012

Infrared Night vision system is significant for night driving, developed greatly on vehicles and becoming a trend. Study on overall design and parameters choice of active infrared night vision system has been carried out, analyzed and calculated vital parameters of CCD camera and infrared light source. Bring out technical methods and design way to provide references for related researchers.
Analyzing the Success Factors on the Implementation of Product Data Management: A Case Study of Electronic Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Chen Huei Huang , Liu Shih Chi , Chen Shih Chih , Yeh Szu Hsiung , Lin Yu Ting , Kuan Ni Yen
Published: December 2012

For promoting competitive advantages, many companies seek new ways to decrease costs in global markets. Information products contain more functionality, and their developments are continuous process to meet customer requirements. Developers have to manage and control a range of technology and increasing amount of product data. This research selects an old established enterprise named T-company in Taiwan as the subject. We found out 21 theoretical critical success factors (CSFs) from 6 case studies via three research and development departments of T-company. We pointed out 10 most important CSFs should be the critical point before and during the product data management implementation, which can be a reference model to executives of related electronic businesses.
A Rule-Based Approach to the Simulation of Control Valve Nonlinearities
Authors: Lu Shao Wen , Yu Ce
Published: December 2012

Accurate modeling of the nonlinearities of control valve is vital for the simulation and design of control system. In the literature, the data-driven modeling approach is most widely used. This paper proposes a discrete-time rule-based model, which is an extension of Choudhury's model. Simulation results show that the model outputs are consistent under different patterns of valve inputs.
The Calculation of Circularity for Floating Beads Based on Image Processing Method of Powder Particles
Authors: Bu Yu Huan , Wei Hai Ping , Liu Hua Jie
Published: December 2012

Particle morphology which affects the packed state of particles is a factor that cannot be ignored in the study of gradation model. Floating beads, as the most commonly lightweight additive used in cement slurry, are always regarded as ideal spherical particles, thus the effects of its circular degree on close packing are overlooked. In order to quantitatively characterize the circularity of floating beads , based on image processing methods of powder particles, combined with image processing software(Photoshop and MATLAB), replaced the watershed segmentation method with removing linking particles, the calculating method of the circularity of powder particles was put forward, and finally the average circularity of floating beads was obtained (about 0.929＜1). Although floating beads have high spherical degree, they still aren’t ideal spherical particles, so their morphology feature should not be ignored in the study of particle size distribution.