bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis of Quinoline‐based Tin Complexes with Pendant Schiff Bases
Authors: Butler Patrick W. V. , Ward Jas S.
Published: April 2019

Whilst pursuing the synthetic utility of quinoline‐based tin complexes, Me2Sn(Quin‐NO2)2 (1) and Ph2Sn(Quin‐NO2)2 (2) (Quin‐NO2 = 5‐nitroquinolino‐8‐oate) were synthesized bearing coordinatively inert nitro groups. Conventional reduction methodologies successfully converted 1 to Me2Sn(Quin‐NH2)2 (3) and 2 to Ph2Sn(Quin‐NH2)2 (4) (Quin‐NH2 = 5‐aminoquinolino‐8‐oate). The synthetically useful amine groups proved difficult to exploit in the presence of the central tin atom, however, a complete Schiff base functionalized Sn complex of the dimethyltin pro‐ligand Me2Sn(Quin‐py)2 (6) was successfully synthesized from 5‐[(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)amino]quinolin‐8‐ol (HQuin‐py; 5) in good yield via an alternative strategy exploiting the oxophilic tendencies of tin. All species were fully characterized by NMR (including 119Sn NMR spectroscopy), HR‐ESI MS and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and preliminary studies of their supramolecular potential are also discussed.
Efficient production of xylitol by the integration of multiple copies of xylose reductase gene and the deletion of Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway-associated genes to enhance NADPH regeneration in Escherichia coli
Authors: Yuan Xinsong , Wang Jiping , Lin Jianping , Yang Lirong , Wu Mianbin
Published: April 2019

Cofactor supply is a rate-limiting step in the bioconversion of xylose to xylitol. Strain WZ04 was first constructed by a novel simultaneous deletion–insertion strategy, replacing ptsG, xylAB and ptsF in wild-type Escherichia coli W3110 with three mutated xylose reductase genes (xr) from Neurospora crassa. Then, the pfkA, pfkB, pgi and/or sthA genes were deleted and replaced by xr to investigate the influence of carbon flux toward the pentose phosphate pathway and/or transhydrogenase activity on NADPH generation. The deletion of pfkA/pfkB significantly improved NADPH supply, but minimally influenced cell growth. The effects of insertion position and copy number of xr were examined by a quantitative real-time PCR and a shake-flask fermentation experiment. In a fed-batch fermentation experiment with a 15-L bioreactor, strain WZ51 produced 131.6 g L−1 xylitol from hemicellulosic hydrolysate (xylitol productivity: 2.09 g L−1 h−1). This study provided a potential approach for industrial-scale production of xylitol from hemicellulosic hydrolysate.
The “Rape of Europe”: 2016 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Cologne in hegemonic discourse of Russian media
Authors: Riabova Tatiana , Riabov Oleg
Published: April 2019

The article deals with the Russian media coverage of sexual assaults against women during the 2016 New Year's Eve celebrations in Cologne. The authors examine it in the frame of discourse of “Gayropa” that represents the EU via changes in gender order of the West European societies. The pro-Kremlin media coverage of the “Rape of Europe” contributes to positioning Russia in the world, maintaining power legitimacy in the country, and supporting gender order in Russian society. The media discourse treats it as an evidence of decline of the European civilization.
God and Morality
Authors: Jeffrey Anne
Published: April 2019

This Element has two aims. The first is to discuss arguments philosophers have made about the difference God's existence might make to questions of general interest in metaethics. The second is to argue that it is a mistake to think we can get very far in answering these questions by assuming a thin conception of God, and to suggest that exploring the implications of thick theisms for metaethics would be more fruitful.
Life After SIRI—Where Next?
Authors: Scott E Marian , Naysmith Philip , Cook Gordon
Published: April 2019

Radiocarbon (14C) dating is routinely used, yet occasionally, issues still arise surrounding laboratory offsets, and unexpected and unexplained variability. Quality assurance and quality control have long been recognized as important in addressing the two issues of comparability (or bias, accuracy) and uncertainty or variability (or precision) of measurements both within and between laboratories (Long and Kalin 1990). The 14C community and the wider user communities have supported interlaboratory comparisons as one of several strands to ensure the quality of measurements (Scott et al. 2018). The nature of the intercomparisons has evolved as the laboratory characteristics have changed s. The next intercomparison is currently being planned to take place in 2019–2020. The focus of our work in designing intercomparisons is to (1) assist laboratories by contributing to their QA/QC processes, (2) supplement and enhance our suite of reference materials that are available to laboratories, (3) provide consensus 14C values with associated (small) uncertainties for performance checking, and (4) provide estimates of laboratory offsets and error multipliers which can inform subsequent modeling and laboratory improvements.
Appreciating language conventions: thirteen-month-old Chinese infants understand that word generalization is shared practice
Authors: LIU Siying , SUN Renji
Published: April 2019

Language is conventional because word meanings are shared among different people. The present study examined Chinese infants’ understanding of the language convention that different people should generalize words in the same way. Thirteen-month-old Mandarin-speaking Chinese infants repeatedly viewed a speaker providing a novel label for a target object in the presence of a distractor object. Next, the objects changed colour and infants viewed the same speaker and a new speaker providing the label for either the different coloured target or distractor. They were also asked by both speakers to locate the correct referent of the label. Results revealed that infants expected both speakers to generalize the label to objects that belonged to the target category. This is the first evidence demonstrating that Chinese infants perceive word generalization as a form of shared convention.
L’Amérique des Lumières et la hiérarchie des races
Authors: Sebastiani Silvia
Published: April 2019

Dans les années 1780, la querelle du Nouveau Monde est marquée par l’émergence des voix créoles, dont la prise en considération redessine la matrice intellectuelle, politique et économique de la pensée moderne de la race au sein de l’espace atlantique. On s’appuie sur l’étude de la florissante entreprise commerciale écossaise, l’Encyclopaedia Britannica, dont les différentes éditions permettent de suivre les évolutions de l’article « America ». On analyse les logiques qui ont conduit les éditeurs à abandonner la référence philosophique et épistémologique aux Lumières écossaises de William Robertson, au profit de l’histoire antiquaire proposée par Francisco Xavier Clavijero, ex-jésuite créole, exilé dans les États pontificaux. La nouvelle cartographie des savoirs qui sous-tend l’entreprise conduit à une classification raciale, qui associe Écriture et histoire providentielle.
EL CONCEPTO DE XOCHIYAOYOTL EN EL MUNDO PREHISPÁNICO SEGÚN LAS RELACIONES DE CHIMALPAHIN CUAUHTLEHUANITZIN
Authors: Alicino Laura
Published: April 2019

La guerra florida es considerada un conflicto en el cual se enfrentaron, durante muchos años, la Triple Alianza Azteca y los reinos del valle tlaxcalteco-poblano. Por mucho tiempo la xochiyaoyotl se ha estudiado como una guerra ritual, prolongada en el tiempo y basada en un recíproco acuerdo. Según las teorías críticas que avaloran esta tesis, el fin de la xochiyaoyotl era obtener las víctimas cuyo sacrificio proveía la alimentación de los dioses. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas del siglo XX, gracias al descubrimiento y a la traducción de nuevos documentos relativos a la historia prehispánica, el concepto ritual y religioso de la xochiyaoyotl ha empezado a cuestionarse. La fuente que otorga más detalles sobre la xochiyaoyotl es la obra del cronista chalca Domingo Chimalpahin. Este testimonio da evidencia de enfrentamientos llamados xochiyaoyotl precedentes al reinado de Motecuhzoma Ilhuicamina, en que estuvieron involucrados primeramente chalcas y tlacochcalcas y, después, los mexicas. A través del análisis del testimonio de Chimalpahin este estudio busca matizar las teorías acerca de la finalidad puramente ritual de la xochiyaoyotl, avanzando como hipótesis que los mexicas se adueñaron del concepto de xochiyaoyotl, desarrollándolo conforme a las nuevas necesidades políticas sobrevenidas.
Effect of Ultra-Small Chitosan Nanoparticles Doped with Brimonidine on the Ultra-Structure of the Trabecular Meshwork of Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Barwal Indu , Kumar Rahul , Dada Tanuj , Yadav Subhash Chandra
Published: April 2019

Brimonidine, an anti-glaucoma medicine, acts as an adrenergic agonist which decreases the synthesis of aqueous humour and increases the amount of drainage through Schlemm's canal and trabecular meshwork, but shows dose-dependent (0.2% solution thrice daily) toxicity. To reduce the side effects and improve the efficacy, brimonidine was nanoencapsulated on ultra-small-sized chitosan nanoparticles (nanobrimonidine) (28 ± 4 nm) with 39% encapsulation efficiency, monodispersity, freeze–thawing capability, storage stability, and 2% drug loading capacity. This nanocomplex showed burst, half, and complete release at 0.5, 45, and 100 h, respectively. Nanobrimonidine did not show anyin vitrotoxicity and was taken up by caveolae-mediated endocytosis. The nanobrimonidine-treated trabeculectomy tissue of glaucoma patients showed better dilation of the trabecular meshwork under the electron microscope. This is direct evidence for better bioavailability of nanobrimonidine after topical administration. Thus, the developed nanobrimonidine has the potential to improve the efficacy, reduce dosage and frequency, and improve delivery to the anterior chamber of the eye.
A survey on the current clinical application and practice of helical tomotherapy in mainland China
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Dai Jianrong , Qiu Tinglin , Zhang Ye , Shi Jufang , Hu Zhihui , Chen Bo , Gao Ting , Wang Luhua
Published: April 2019

Aim:

To assess helical tomotherapy (TOMO) current clinical application and practice in mainland China.

Materials and methods:

Data were collected for all TOMO units clinically operational in mainland China by 30 April 2016, including (a) the distribution of installation and staffing levels; (b) types of cancers treated; (c) utilisation efficiency; (d) quality assurance; (e) maintenance; (f) optional features; and (g) satisfaction levels. The data were collected as a census and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively.

Results:

As of 30 April 2016, 23 TOMO units were used clinically by 22 hospitals in mainland China. In the same period, 22,558 cancer patients were treated. For TOMO units with more than a year of clinical utilisation, a median of 378 cases were treated annually per machine. The median daily operation was 10·5 hours, and treatment headcount was 38·3 patients. The median service outage rate was 2·6%, and the most common cause was malfunction of the multi-leaf collimator. In terms of overall satisfaction levels, 3 hospitals were very satisfied, 16 were satisfied and 3 considered their satisfaction level as average.

Findings:

The overall operation of TOMO is good, but there are some problems due to running at full capacity, lack of clinical efficacy research and insufficient quality assurance regulations.
Azimuthal Variation in the Io Plasma Torus Observed by the Hisaki Satellite From 2013 to 2016
Authors: Tsuchiya F. , Arakawa R. , Misawa H. , Kagitani M. , Koga R. , Suzuki F. , Hikida R. , Yoshioka K. , Steffl A. , Bagenal F. , Delamere P. , Kimura T. , Kasaba Y. , Murakami G. , Yoshikawa I. , Yamazaki A. , Yoneda M.
Published: April 2019

In the Jovian magnetosphere, sulfur and oxygen ions supplied by the satellite Io are distributed in the so‐called Io plasma torus. The plasma torus is located in the inner area of the magnetosphere and the plasma in the torus corotates with the planet. The density and the temperature of the plasma in the torus have significant azimuthal variations. In this study, data from three‐year observations obtained by the Hisaki satellite, from December 2013 to August 2016, were used to investigate statistically the azimuthal variations and to find out whether the variations were influenced by the increase in neutral particles from Io. The azimuthal variation was obtained from a time series of sulfur ion line ratios, which were sensitive to the electron temperature and the sulfur ion mixing ratio S3+/S+. The major characteristics of the azimuthal variation in the plasma parameters were consistent with the dual hot electron model, proposed to explain previous observations. On the other hand, the Hisaki data showed that the peak System III longitude in the S3+/S+ ratio was located not only around 0°–90°, as in previous observations, but also around 180°–270°. The rotation period, the System IV periodicity, was sometimes close to the Jovian rotation period. Persistent input of energy to electrons in a limited longitude range of the torus is associated with the shortening of the System IV period.
A New Way of Visualizing Iceland’s Crustal Deformation
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: April 2019

A novel method of calculating strain rates from GPS data shows the South Iceland Seismic Zone is experiencing rapid deformation, including inflation near the island’s most active volcano.
FBX8 degrades GSTP1 through ubiquitination to suppress colorectal cancer progression
Authors: FeiFei Wang , HongHai Xu , YongRong Yan , PingXiang Wu , JianHua Wu , XiaoHui Zhu , JiaoYing Li , JingBo Sun , Kun Zhou , XiaoLi Ren , Lu Qi , XiaoLiang Lan , ZhiQiang Cheng , Na Tang , WenTing Liao , YanQing Ding , Li Liang
Published: April 2019

F-box only protein 8 (FBX8), as a critical component of the SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligases, has been associated with several malignancies through interacting with a member of proteins. However, the substrates of FBX8 for destruction in the progression of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) need to be explored. Here, we show that loss of FBX8 accelerates chemical-induced colon tumorigenesis. FBX8 directly targets GSTP1 for ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation in CRC. GSTP1 promotes the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of CRC cells. Furthermore, GSTP1 is upregulated in CRC tissue samples and predicts poor prognosis of CRC patients. The inactivation of FBX8 negatively correlated with increased levels and stability of GSTP1 in clinical CRC tissues and FBX8 knockout transgenic mice. These findings identify a novel ubiquitination pathway as FBX8-GSTP1 axis that regulates the progression of CRC, which might be a potential prognostic biomarker for CRC patients.
Cellular and Mucosal Immune Responses Following Vaccination with Inactivated Mutant of Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Schaut Robert G. , Boggiatto Paola M. , Loving Crystal L. , Sharma Vijay K.
Published: April 2019

Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliO157:H7 (O157) can cause mild to severe gastrointestinal disease in humans. Cattle are the primary reservoir for O157, which colonizes the intestinal tract without inducing any overt clinical symptoms. Parenteral vaccination can reduce O157 shedding in cattle after challenge and limit zoonotic transmission to humans, although the impact of vaccination and vaccine formulation on cellular and mucosal immune responses are undetermined. To better characterize the cattle immune response to O157 vaccination, cattle were vaccinated with either water-in-oil-adjuvanted, formalin-inactivatedhhadeletion mutant of Shiga toxin 2 negative (stx2−) O157 (Adj-Vac); non-adjuvanted (NoAdj-Vac); or non-vaccinated (NoAdj-NoVac) and peripheral T cell and mucosal antibody responses assessed. Cattle in Adj-Vac group had a higher percentage of O157-specific IFNγ producing CD4+and γδ+T cells in recall assays compared to the NoAdj-Vac group. Furthermore, O157-specific IgA levels detected in feces of the Adj-Vac group were significantly lower in NoAdj-Vac group. Extracts prepared only from Adj-Vac group feces blocked O157 adherence to epithelial cells. Taken together, these data suggest parenteral administration of adjuvanted, inactivated whole-cell vaccines for O157 can induce O157-specific cellular and mucosal immune responses that may be an important consideration for a successful vaccination scheme.
Sensory primary cilium is a responsive cAMP microdomain in renal epithelia
Authors: Sherpa Rinzhin T. , Mohieldin Ashraf M. , Pala Rajasekharreddy , Wachten Dagmar , Ostrom Rennolds S. , Nauli Surya M.
Published: April 2019

Primary cilia are hair-like cellular extensions that sense microenvironmental signals surrounding cells. The role of adenylyl cyclases in ciliary function has been of interest because the product of adenylyl cyclase activity, cAMP, is relevant to cilia-related diseases. In the present study, we show that vasopressin receptor type-2 (V2R) is localized to cilia in kidney epithelial cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of V2R with tolvaptan increases ciliary length and mechanosensory function. Genetic knockdown of V2R, however, does not have any effect on ciliary length, although the effect of tolvaptan on ciliary length is dampened. Our study reveals that tolvaptan may have a cilia-specific effect independent of V2R or verapamil-sensitive calcium channels. Live-imaging of single cilia shows that V2R activation increases cilioplasmic and cytoplasmic cAMP levels, whereas tolvaptan mediates cAMP changes only in a cilia-specific manner. Furthermore, fluid-shear stress decreases cilioplasmic, but not cytoplasmic cAMP levels. Our data indicate that cilioplasmic and cytoplasmic cAMP levels are differentially modulated. We propose that the cilium is a critical sensor acting as a responsive cAMP microcompartment during physiologically relevant stimuli.
Entangling non planar molecules via inversion doublet transition with negligible spontaneous emission
Authors: Gonzalo Isabel , Antón Miguel A.
Published: April 2019

We analyze theoretically the entanglement between two non-planar and light identical molecules (e.g., pyramidal NH3) that present inversion doubling due to the internal spatial inversion of their nuclear conformations by tunneling.
Colorimetric, electroanalytical and theoretical evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Syzygium aromaticum L., Origanum vulgare L., Mentha spicata L. and Eremanthus erythropappus M. essential oils, and their major constituents
Authors: Ferreira Vanuzia Rodrigues Fernandes , Brandão Rafaela Magalhães , Freitas Matheus P. , Saczk Adelir Aparecida , Felix Fabiana Silva , Silla Josué M. , Teixeira Maria Luisa , Cardoso Maria das Graças
Published: April 2019

Antioxidant mechanism of essential oils and their major constituents, and the synergism between them.
[Zr6O4(OH)4(benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato)6]n: a hexagonal polymorph of UiO-66
Authors: Perfecto-Irigaray Maite , Beobide Garikoitz , Castillo Oscar , da Silva Ivan , García-Lojo Daniel , Luque Antonio , Mendia Ander , Pérez-Yáñez Sonia
Published: April 2019

The first polymorph of the paradigmatic UiO-66 and the key conditions that led to its formation are reported.
Recent advances of 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) in photocatalytic transformations
Authors: Shang Tian-Yi , Lu Ling-Hui , Cao Zhong , Liu Yan , He Wei-Min , Yu Bing
Published: April 2019

In this review, the recent advances of the application of 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) as a photoredox catalyst in the past three years (2016–2018) for various organic reactions are summarized.
Photopolymerization of metal–organic polyhedra: an efficient approach to improve the hydrostability, dispersity, and processability
Authors: Xie Xiao-Yan , Wu Fan , Liu Xin , Tao Wei-Qiang , Jiang Yao , Liu Xiao-Qin , Sun Lin-Bing
Published: April 2019

Metal–organic polyhedra are covalently linked by flexible polymer chains through photopolymerization, endowing the materials with enhanced processability, dispersity, and hydrostability.
Multifunctional isoquinoline-oxazoline ligands of chemical and biological importance
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Guotong , Lai Jixing , Li Shengkun
Published: April 2019

Multifunctional isoquinoline-oxazolines (MIQOXs) were conceived, synthesized and demonstrated.
Photo-controlled delivery of a potent analogue of doxorubicin
Authors: Dupart Patrick S. , Mitra Koushambi , Lyons Charles E. , Hartman Matthew C. T.
Published: April 2019

A novel light-based strategy is used to deliver 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin showing excellent cytotoxicity in doxorubicin-resistant cancer cell lines.
Synthesis of indolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives via visible-light-induced radical cascade cyclization reactions
Authors: Wei Yun-Long , Chen Jian-Qiang , Sun Bo , Xu Peng-Fei
Published: April 2019

We describe a photocatalyzed transformation for the synthesis of the indolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline core structure.
A promising engineering strategy for water electro-oxidation iridate catalysts via coordination distortion
Authors: Sun Wei , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhou Zhenhua , Wu Yiyi , Zaman Waqas Qamar , Tariq Muhammad , Cao Li-mei , Gong Xue-qing , Yang Ji
Published: April 2019

Distorted IrO6 is more conducive to improving OER activity. Specifically, regulating the transformation of the IrO6 octahedron from D4h compression to D4h elongation is very beneficial for reducing the energy of the rate determining step of the OER process.
Acetylcholine-responsive cargo release using acetylcholinesterase-capped nanomaterials
Authors: Godoy-Reyes Tania M. , Llopis-Lorente Antoni , García-Fernández Alba , Gaviña Pablo , Costero Ana M. , Martínez-Máñez Ramón , Sancenón Félix
Published: April 2019

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles capped with acetylcholinesterase through boronic ester linkages selectively release their cargo in the presence of acetylcholine.
Exchange-dependent spin polarized transport and phase transition in a triple monomer molecule
Authors: Xiong Yongchen , Luo Shijun , Huang Haiming , Ma Yanan , Zhang Xiong
Published: April 2019

Exchange-dependent multi-functional molecular spintronics device based on a triple monomer molecule.
Li-ion hopping conduction in highly concentrated lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide/dinitrile liquid electrolytes
Authors: Ugata Yosuke , Thomas Morgan L. , Mandai Toshihiko , Ueno Kazuhide , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi
Published: April 2019

Li+ ion hopping conduction through ligand (solvent and anion) exchange emerges in solvent-deficient liquid electrolytes of [Li salt]/[dinitrile] > 1.
The promoting effect of visible light on the CO + NO reaction over the Pd/N–TiO2 catalyst
Authors: Tan Xiaofang , Cheng Gang , Song Xinjie , Chen Xun , Dai Wenxin , Fu Xianzhi
Published: April 2019

Pd/N–TiO2 was readily synthesized as an efficient catalyst for NO reduction by CO at lower temperature under visible light irradiation.
Bimolecular fusion of [Pd3(μ-CN-C6H3Me2-2,6)3(CN-C6H3Me2-2,6)3] induced by Ph2GeH2: formation of the redox-active Pd6Ge2 complex
Authors: Koizumi Take-aki , Tanaka Kimiya , Tsuchido Yoshitaka , Tanabe Makoto , Ide Tomohito , Osakada Kohtaro
Published: April 2019

The reaction of Ph2GeH2 with a planar tripalladium(0) complex, [Pd3(μ-CN-C6H3Me2-2,6)3(CN-C6H3Me2-2,6)3], selectively afforded a hexagonal bipyramidal Pd6Ge2 complex, [Pd6(μ-GePh2)2(CN-C6H3Me2-2,6)8(μ-CN-C6H3Me2-2,6)2].
Determination of ligand field splitting in lanthanide(iii) monoporphyrinato complexes
Authors: Santria Anas , Fuyuhiro Akira , Fukuda Takamitsu , Ishikawa Naoto
Published: April 2019

The 4f-electronic structures of the ground multiplet states of a series of [Ln(TPP)(cyclen)]Cl (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb; TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato; cyclen = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) have been determined using experimental NMR and magnetic susceptibility data.
Integration of a phosphine ligand into an ionic liquid: a highly effective biphasic system for the Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-octene
Authors: Jin Xin , Feng Jianying , Ma Qingqing , Song Hongbing , Liu Qiangqiang , Xu Bingying , Zhang Mei , Li Shumei , Yu Shitao
Published: April 2019

A highly effective biphasic system for Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-octene based on integration of a phosphine ligand into ionic liquid.
Spatiotemporal diagnostics of laser induced plasma of potassium gallosilicate zeolite
Authors: Camacho J. J. , Vrabel J. , Manzoor S. , Pérez-Arribas L. V. , Díaz D. , Caceres J. O.
Published: April 2019

The present work focuses on the analysis of laser induced plasma of a zeolite sample to study its spatial and temporal evolution.
Direct visualization of drug release in injectable implant by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
Authors: Zou Lanfang , Stenslik Mallory J. , Giles Morgan B. , Ormes James D. , Marsales Maureen , Santos Carlos , Kassim Brittany , Smith Joseph P. , Gonzalez Jhanis J. , Bu Xiaodong
Published: April 2019

A novel laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) 2D imaging method is used to directly visualize the drug release process of long-acting injectable (LAI) implants for the first time.
A low-cost, non-invasive phase velocity and length meter and controller for multiphase lab-in-a-tube devices
Authors: Kerr Corwin B. , Epps Robert W. , Abolhasani Milad
Published: April 2019

The non-invasive, optical phase velocity and length meter/controller effectively measures phase length and velocity in real-time with two low-cost photodetectors.
Quantum chemical evidence for the origin of the red/blue colors of Hydrangea macrophylla sepals
Authors: Li Xue , Siddique Farhan , Silva Gustavo T. M. , Quina Frank H. , Lischka Hans , Aquino Adelia J. A.
Published: April 2019

An ab initio quantum chemical study of the spectral properties of pigments that contribute to the color difference of red and blue Hydrangea macrophylla sepals.
Glucose-triggered dissolution of phenylboronic acid-functionalized cholesterol-based niosomal self-assembly for tuneable drug release
Authors: Mandal Deep , Das Suman
Published: April 2019

Cholesterol-containing phenylboronic acid-based niosomal self-assemblies showed glucose-responsive dissolution and release of an encapsulated drug.
Surface forces generated by the action of electric fields across liquid films
Authors: Perez-Martinez Carla Sofia , Perkin Susan
Published: April 2019

Oscillating electric fields across electrolyte cause anomalously large forces between the electrodes.
Viscosity of mixtures of protein aggregates with different sizes and morphologies
Authors: Inthavong Walailuk , Chassenieux Christophe , Nicolai Taco
Published: April 2019

The structural and rheological behavior of mixtures of fractals and microgels based on globular proteins have been investigated. The viscosity of the mixtures obeys a logarithmic mixing rule.
Penetrating chains mimicking plant root branching to build mechanically robust, ultra-stable CO2-philic membranes for superior carbon capture
Authors: Jiang Xu , He Shanshan , Li Songwei , Bai Yongping , Shao Lu
Published: April 2019

Branched plant root mimicking PEO chains can simultaneously increase the gas separation performance, membrane stability and mechanical strength of CO2-philic membranes for superior carbon capture.
Dense yet highly ion permeable graphene electrodes obtained by capillary-drying of a holey graphene oxide assembly
Authors: Chen Xiangrong , Han Junwei , Lv Xiaohui , Lv Wei , Pan Zhengze , Luo Chong , Zhang Siwei , Lin Qiaowei , Kang Feiyu , Yang Quan-Hong
Published: April 2019

The density and ion channel abundancy of an electrode material must be elaborately balanced to achieve a high volumetric energy density for any energy storage devices.
Magneto-structural correlations of novel kagomé-type metal organic frameworks
Authors: H. Mohideen M. Infas , Lei Chen , Tuček Jiří , Malina Ondřej , Brivio Federico , Kasneryk Valeryia , Huang Zhehao , Mazur Michal , Zou Xiaodong , Nachtigall Petr , Čejka Jiří , Morris Russell E.
Published: April 2019

Here, we report the in situ formation of two novel metal organic frameworks based on copper and cobalt using tetrazole-5-carboxylate ethyl ester as the ligand synthesized by a hydrothermal route.
Progressive Tinnitus Management at Two Veterans Affairs Medical Centers: Clinical Implementation With Modified Protocols
Authors: Beck Jenifer E. , Zaugg Tara L. , Egge Jessica L. , Lima Elizabeth N. , Thielman Emily J.
Published: April 2019

Purpose

This is a description of the clinical implementation and outcomes of progressive tinnitus management (PTM) at 2 Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers: Both programs modified the protocol originally described by PTM developers.

Method

Modifications at both sites were classified according to an evidence-based framework set forth by
Stirman, Miller, Toder, and Calloway (2013)
. The Iowa City VA PTM program clinicians made 2 modifications and the Asheville, North Carolina, VA PTM program clinicians made 6 modifications to the standard PTM protocol. Pre–post outcome measures were analyzed for 20 veterans who completed the Iowa City program and for 200 veterans who completed the Asheville program.

Results

Veterans who completed the Iowa City program showed a statistically significant decrease in the average Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score (
Newman, Jacobson, & Spitzer, 1996
). Veterans who completed the Asheville PTM program showed a statistically significant decrease in the average Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) score. Outcomes in Asheville were compared to outcomes of a clinical trial of PTM conducted by the developers of PTM. The clinical work in Asheville resulted in a greater mean reduction on the TFI and a larger effect size using the TFI as compared to the results of the PTM clinical trial.

Conclusions

Clinician-directed modifications to PTM that are made to address the unique needs and circumstances of an individual clinic have potential to result in positive outcomes for patients. Clinicians providing care for patients with tinnitus using PTM who modify the protocol to meet the needs of their local setting are encouraged to collect and report the outcomes of their modifications to improve understanding of the impact of various types of modifications to PTM and other evidence-based practices.
Face alignment: improving the accuracy of fast models using domain‐specific unlabelled data and a teacher–student scheme
Authors: Álvarez Casado Constantino , Bordallo López Miguel
Published: April 2019

Face alignment is a crucial step in multiple face analysis and recognition tasks. The current state‐of‐the‐art is comprised by very slow methods based on deep learning that require computationally heavy inference and very fast methods based on cascades of regressors that lack the ability to cope with complicated cases or extreme poses. The authors show how collecting a small subset of unlabelled domain‐specific data can improve the accuracy of fast‐inference models utilising data annotated by a slower one and a teacher–student architecture. In the proposed solution, they annotate a small subset of facial images belonging to two challenging domains using a slow but more accurate model, and this data is used to incrementally train a fast one. Their results show that by adding as little as a 5% of challenging data, they can reduce the error rate in a specific domain up to 30% without losing any generalisation abilities. This training scheme has applicability in numerous computer vision and engineering problems where computational power and model size are constrained by the application and platform or real‐time operation is a requirement.
Modelling of the passive intermodulation in coaxial connectors with broadband signal excitation
Authors: Bi Lingyu , Gao Jinchun , Flowers George T. , Jin Qiuyan
Published: April 2019

Theoretical calculations and simulations are introduced to explain the passive intermodulation power level rise (PLR) in coaxial connectors with broadband signal excitation for the third‐order intermodulation products. An equivalent model is developed to describe the characteristics of the broadband signals. The non‐linearity of connectors is defined by a polynomial behaviour model. A mathematical model of the PLR is developed. A series of experiments are conducted to verify the proposed models. The experimental results agree well with the analytic results, having a mean difference of 0.6 dB.
Relaxation digital‐to‐analogue converter
Authors: Crovetti P.S. , Rubino R. , Musolino F.
Published: April 2019

The novel relaxation digital‐to‐analogue conversion technique, which takes advantage of the exponential impulse response of a first‐order RC network to generate binary‐weighted voltages, is proposed to design standard‐cell based, mismatch‐insensitive, ultra‐low power, tiny digital‐to‐analogue converters targeting the requirements of Internet of Things applications. The effectiveness of the approach is validated by simulations and measurements performed on a proof‐of‐concept 10 bit, 300 S/s field programmable gate array prototype.
Compact multi‐order bandpass filter with high stopband rejection performance
Authors: Li Shaosheng , Zhang Zhi
Published: April 2019

This Letter presents a multi‐order bandpass filter (BPF) based on unit cells, which are constructed by coupled lines and microstrip stubs. This BPF unit cell features ultra‐wide upper stopband and excellent stopband rejection performance. The external quality factors and coupling coefficients of unit cells are analysed in detail for multi‐order BPF design, where transmission lines are adopted as a coupling structure for easy post‐fabrication tuning. Following filter coupling matrix theory, two‐ and three‐pole Chebyshev‐response BPFs are designed and measured, centred at 1.0 GHz with 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 10%. Experimental results demonstrate excellent out‐of‐band rejection performances. In two‐pole BPF, the upper stopband can reach 4.8 GHz (4.8 f0) with the rejection level of 37 dB. In three‐pole BPF, within the stopband frequency of 3.4 GHz (3.4 f0), the rejection level is better than 55 dB, while the upper stopband can be extended to 6.5 GHz (6.5 f0) with the suppression level of above 26.8 dB.
Assessment of power system security using Security Information Index
Authors: Manickavasagam Krishnan , Prasad Belur Krishna Swathi , Ramasangu Hariharan
Published: April 2019

Power system security assessment is important for the analysis of a power system network. The security analysis is based on equality constraint of generation‐demand balance and inequality constraints of maximum voltage and current limits. The lack of a single measure to identify the state of the power system network limits the analysis of security and leads to uncertainty in identifying the states of the power system. In this study, a single measure Security Information Index (SII) is proposed for identifying the state of power system using steady‐state power flow analysis. SII is computed using participation factors which are derived from both equality and inequality constraints, and moments of their statistics. SII is used to identify the present state of the power system and enhance the system security. This is successfully tested on IEEE 14 and IEEE 30‐bus system.
Multi‐status modelling and event simulation in smart distribution network based on finite state machine
Authors: Lv Chen , Sheng Wanxing , Liu Ke‐yan , Dong Xinzhou , Deng Pan
Published: April 2019

This study investigates a multi‐status simulation method based on event‐driven for a smart distribution network (SDN). By switching a steady simulation model and a dynamic simulation model, the typical events of the SDN with various time constants can be simulated within the same simulation framework. The aim of the proposed method is to make full utilisation of the advantages of conventional simulation methods when considering the actual operation process of the SDN with many typical events so that the simulation results can approach the actual situation. To ensure that the operating status and corresponding simulation models of the SDN could be switched correctly and automatically, a simulation engine is proposed and implemented based on a finite state machine. Multi‐status simulation experiments on IEEE 33‐bus and an actual 10‐kV distribution network validate the proposed multi‐status simulation method.
Data‐driven online distributed disturbance location for large‐scale power grids
Authors: Yang Zekun , Chen Yu , Zhou Ning , Polunchenko Aleksey , Liu Yilu
Published: April 2019

Timely detecting disturbances and locating their sources are critical to the reliable operation of power grids. This capability enables operators to effectively diagnose disturbances over wide areas and earns time for remedial reactions. In this study, a travelling‐wave based scheme, namely data‐driven online distributed disturbance location (DODDL), is proposed to quickly detect disturbances and determine their geographic location in large‐scale power grids when the grids’ topology is not available. The proposed DODDL scheme consists of two function blocks: (i) a singular spectrum analysis‐based change‐point detection method, which can quickly detect disturbances and determine their arrival time at distributed sensors, and (ii) a novel temporal scanning algorithm, which can accurately determine the geographic location of the disturbance source point. Utilising field measurement data sets recorded by the frequency disturbance recorders from the frequency monitoring network, it is shown that the DODDL scheme is not only quicker and more robust to grid non‐homogeneity than existing approaches, but also can capture and locate more subtle and concealed disturbances.
The Herschel Dwarf Galaxy Survey
Authors: Cormier D. , Abel N. P. , Hony S. , Lebouteiller V. , Madden S. C. , Polles F. L. , Galliano F. , De Looze I. , Galametz M. , Lambert-Huyghe A.
Published: April 2019

The sensitive infrared telescopes, Spitzer and Herschel, have been used to target low-metallicity star-forming galaxies, allowing us to investigate the properties of their interstellar medium (ISM) in unprecedented detail. Interpretation of the observations in physical terms relies on careful modeling of those properties. We have employed a multiphase approach to model the ISM phases (H II region and photodissociation region) with the spectral synthesis code Cloudy. Our goal is to characterize the physical conditions (gas densities, radiation fields, etc.) in the ISM of the galaxies from the Herschel Dwarf Galaxy Survey. We are particularly interested in correlations between those physical conditions and metallicity or star-formation activity. Other key issues we have addressed are the contribution of different ISM phases to the total line emission, especially of the [C II]157 μm line, and the characterization of the porosity of the ISM. We find that the lower-metallicity galaxies of our sample tend to have higher ionization parameters and galaxies with higher specific star-formation rates have higher gas densities. The [C II] emission arises mainly from PDRs and the contribution from the ionized gas phases is small, typically less than 30% of the observed emission. We also find a correlation – though with scatter – between metallicity and both the PDR covering factor and the fraction of [C II] from the ionized gas. Overall, the low metal abundances appear to be driving most of the changes in the ISM structure and conditions of these galaxies, and not the high specific star-formation rates. These results demonstrate in a quantitative way the increase of ISM porosity at low metallicity. Such porosity may be typical of galaxies in the young Universe.
Spectropolarimetric analysis of an active region filament.
Authors: Díaz Baso C. J. , Martínez González M. J. , Asensio Ramos A.
Published: April 2019

Aims. Our aim is to demonstrate the limitations of using a single-component model to study the magnetic field of an active region filament. To do this, we analyzed the polarimetric signals of the He I 10830 Å multiplet, which were acquired with the infrared spectrograph GRIS of the GREGOR telescope (Tenerife, Spain).

Methods. After a first analysis of the general properties of the filament using HAZEL under the assumption of a single-component model atmosphere, in this second part we focus our attention on the observed Stokes profiles and the signatures that cannot be explained with this model.

Results. We have found an optically thick filament whose blue and red components have the same sign in the linear polarization as an indication of radiative transfer effects. Moreover, the circular polarization signals inside the filament show strong magnetic field gradients. We also show that even a filament with such high absorption still shows signatures of the circular polarization that is generated by the magnetic field below the filament. The reason is that the absorption of the spectral line decays very quickly toward the wings, just where the circular polarization has a larger amplitude. In order to separate the two contributions, we explore the possibility of a two-component model, but the inference becomes impossible to overcome because very many solutions are compatible with the observations.
Transit-period search from single-event space-based data: the role of wide-field surveys
Authors: Kovacs Geza
Published: April 2019

We investigate the optimization of dataset weighting in searching for the orbital period of transiting planets when high-precision space-based data with a single transit event are combined with (relatively) low-precision ground-based (wide-field) data. The optimization stems from the lack of multiple events in the high-precision data and the likely presence of such events in the low-precision data. With noise minimization, we combined two types of frequency spectra: (i) spectra that use two fixed transit parameters (moment of the center of the transit and duration of the event) derived from the space data alone; (ii) spectra that result from the traditional weighted box signal search with optimized transit parameters for each trial period. We used many mock signals to test the detection power of the method. Marginal or no detections in the ground-based data may lead to secure detections in the combined data with the above weighting. Depending on the coverage and quality of the ground-based data, transit depths of ~0.05% and periods up to ~100 days are accessible by the suggested optimum combination of the data.
Innovationsökosysteme – Herausforderungen für
Geschäftsmodelle in der regenerativen Medizin
Authors: Thiem Helena
Published: April 2019

Banda G et al. Evolution of Business Models in Regenerative Medicine: Effects of
a Disruptive Innovation on the Innovation Ecosystem. Clin Ther 2018; 40(7):
1084–1094

Die regenerative Medizin verspricht als neues Feld der Biomedizin,
verschiedene Erkrankungen durch die Wiederherstellung der physiologischen
Form und Funktion von Zellen, Geweben und Organen zu heilen. Die Autoren
untersuchen die Auswirkungen von disruptiven Innovationen im Bereich der
regenerativen Medizin auf das Innovationsökosystem.
Highly Regioselective Phosphine-Promoted [2+2+2] Annulations of Cyanoacetylenes and N-Tosylimines to 1,2-Dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Zhang Qi , Ji Xin , Meng Ling-Guo
Published: April 2019

A series of fully functionalized dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile derivatives were easily prepared through [2+2+2] annulations of cyanoacetylenes and N-tosylimines in the presence of tertiary phosphine. The scope of the cyclization reaction was investigated, and the high regioselectivity was explained by a rational reaction mechanism.
Nanogold(0)-Catalyzed Addition of Heteroelement σ Linkages to Functional Groups
Authors: Stratakis Manolis , Lykakis Ioannis N.
Published: April 2019

In recent years, supported Au nanoparticles and nanoporous Au materials have shown remarkable catalytic activity in the activation of σ heteroelement linkages such as, Si–H, Si–Si, B–B and B–Si, and their subsequent addition to functional groups, primarily π bonds. In this review article we discuss the reaction modes known to date, and attempt to discuss the mechanistic clues of these transformations which are rather unexpected in terms of conventional transition-metal catalysis concepts, given that the catalytic sites are metallic Au(0).

1 Introduction

2 Activation of Hydrosilanes

2.1 Reactions of Hydrosilanes with Alkynes

2.1.1 Hydrosilylation

2.1.2 Dehydrogenative Coupling

2.2 Reactions of Hydrosilanes with Allenes

2.3 Reactions of Hydrosilanes with Carbonyl Compounds and Imines

2.4 Reactions of Hydrosilanes with α-Diazo Carbonyl Compounds

2.5 Miscellaneous Transformations from the Nano Au-Catalyzed Activation­ of Hydrosilanes

3 Activation of Disilanes

3.1 Disilylation of Alkynes

3.2 Reactions of 1,1,2,2-Tetramethyldisilane with Alkynes

4 Activation of Diboranes

4.1 Diborylation of Alkenes

4.2 Diborylation of Alkynes

4.3 Diborylation of Allenes

4.4 Diborylation of Methylenecyclopropanes

5 Activation of Silylboranes

5.1 Silaboration of Alkynes

5.2 Silaboration of Allenes

5.3 Silaboration of Unactivated Epoxides and Oxetanes

5.4 Reactions of Silylboranes with Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds

6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carboxamides with a Bifunctional Cp*Ru Catalyst Bearing an Imidazol-2-ylidene with a Protic Aminoethyl Side Chain
Authors: Kawano Teruhiro , Watari Ryo , Kayaki Yoshihito , Ikariya Takao
Published: April 2019

Synthesis of a Cp*Ru complex bearing an NH2-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (C–NH) was achieved by treatment of Cp*RuBr(isoprene) with an equimolar amount of a silver complex, which was generated from Ag2O and 1-(2-aminoethyl)-3-methylimidazolium bromide, in CH3CN at room temperature. The new Cp*RuBr(C–NH) complex showed a higher catalytic performance than the related Cp*RuCl(P–NH) and Cp*RuCl(N–NH) complexes. In the reaction of N-arylcarboxamides, the amine products were obtained in satisfactory yields under mild temperature conditions.
Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp2)−H Olefination/Annulation Cascades of Aryl Carboxamides Assisted by N,S-Bidentate Auxiliary
Authors: Li Ling , Zhang Xing-Guo , Zhang Xiao-Hong
Published: April 2019

A palladium(II)-catalyzed olefination/annulation of aryl carboxamides, assisted by an N, S-bidentate auxiliary, with methyl acrylate is described. Various carboxamides with a number of functional groups were compatible with this reaction to afford, regioselectively and in moderate yield, (E)-3-methyleneisoindolin-1-one derivatives bearing an alkyl(aryl)thio group.
Iterative Preparation of Platinum Nanoparticles in an Amphiphilic Polymer Matrix: Regulation of Catalytic Activity in Hydrogenation
Authors: Osako Takao , Srisa Jakkrit , Torii Kaoru , Hamasaka Go , Uozumi Yasuhiro
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate that iteration of the seeded preparation of platinum nanoparticles dispersed in an amphiphilic polystyrene–poly(ethylene glycol) resin (ARP–Pt) regulates their catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds in water. The catalytic activity of the fifth generation of ARP–Pt [G5] prepared through four iterations of the seeded preparation was far superior to that of the initial ARP–Pt [G1] in the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds in water.