bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Delay in The Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Due to Misdiagnosis as Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Aviani Jatu , EH Satria Maulana , Haryatie Ita , Raharjo Farih , Sutanto Yusup Subagio , Setijadi Ana Rima
Published: April 2021

Background: Lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are global health problem. Similarity of symptoms of both made misdiagnose of lung cancer as TB and treated with Anti Tuberculosis Treatment (ATT). Evaluation of ATT often inaccurate, causing late diagnosis of lung cancer. This study aimed is to determine the lung cancer percentage with delayed diagnosis due giving of ATT for >1 month.

Methods: A prospective descriptive study was performed from January 2014-February 2016 in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta taken from the patient's medical record.

Results: As much 293 patients with lung cancer consisted of 188 males (64.4%) and 105 females (35.8%) with the average age was 57 years old. The types of the lung cancer were non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) consisted of adenocarcinoma 195 subjects (66.6%), squamous cell carcinoma 65 subjects (22.2%), large cell carcinoma 23 subjects (7.8%) and neuroendocrine carcinoma 4 subjects (1.4%). The stages of the NSCLC were stage I (0%), II (0%), IIIa (0%), IIIb (11.7%) and IV (88.3%). Among 293 lung cancer patients, 89 subjects (30.4%) were diagnosis as pulmonary TB. Two subjects (2.2%) of 89 subjects were truly pulmonary TB while the rest 87 subjects were not pulmonary TB and had ATT for average 12 weeks with the longest period was 16 weeks. The ATT duration >1 month was 76.4%.

Conclusions: Percentage of lung cancer patients with ATT before being referred to dr. Moewardi hospital were 30.4% of 293 lung cancer patients while 68 subjects (76.4%) of whom had received ATT >1 month. (J Respir Indo. 2017; 37(4): 288-92)
Failure of Breathing in Heavy Preeklampsia With Peripartum Cardiomiopathy
Authors: Atikawati Desilia , Ekawati Diyan , Kusumajati Pusparini , Prasenohadi Prasenohadi , Rasmin Menaldi
Published: April 2021

Physiological alterations during pregnancy generate higher risk of pulmonary edema and acute respiratory failure. Respiratory failure occurs in 0.2% pregnancy, particularly in postpartum period. Respiratory failure can be developed by specific conditions related to pregnancy, such as preeclampsia and peripartum cardiomyopathy. We present the case of 34-year-old female, with 36 weeks of pregnancy, that came with shortness of breath since an hour before admitted. Patient also had vaginal discharge in the last two hours before admitted. Fetal movement was active. Shortness of breath was accompanied with cough. Physical examination revealed hypertension (160/110 mmHg) and rales on both lungs. Blood gas analysis showed severe hypoxemia. Patient were intubated and underwent C-section afterwards. Chest x-ray showed heart enlargement. Echocardiography result showed fraction ejection 25%, global hypokinetic, mild mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, with conclusion of peripartum cardiomyopathy. This case illustrates respiratory failure in severe preeclampsia and peripartum cardiomyopathy. This condition leads to acute pulmonary edema that impairs ventilation/perfusion process. Mechanical ventilation can assure adequate oxygen delivery. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is well suited to short-term ventilatory support, and avoids the potential complications of endotracheal intubation and the associated sedation. (J Respir Indo. 2017; 37(4): 325-36)
Pathophysiology of Emphysema
Authors: Jonathan Steven , Damayanti Triya , Antariksa Budhi
Published: April 2021

Pulmonary emphysema is part of pathological condition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which is characterized by lung parenchymal destruction. Morphology classification of emphysema had been made according to histologic structure in pathology. There were some causes known to be the culprit of emphysema; one that caught most attention is protease-antiprotease activity from cigarette smoke exposure. Destructive effect of emphysema gives disturbance of lung function in expiration (obstruction). The primary mechanism is elastic recoil reduction which causes air trapping, lung volume increase, lung compliance increase and airways that is susceptible to collapse. Hyperinflation in emphysema causes some disadvantages which complicate inspiration and give a dyspnea sensation. Equal pressure point drop in emphysema happens because of elastic recoil reduction. This drop may cause early airway closure. (J Respir Indo 2019; 39(1): 60-9)
Survey of Lung Function and Respiratory Symptoms Among Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Bekasi City
Authors: Damayanti Triya , Pradipta Jaka , Rahmawati Ismulat , Harlivasari Annisa Dian , Prasetyo Erry , Anggara Bobby
Published: April 2021

Background: Online motorcycle taxi drivers have been heavily exposed to high concentration of hazardous air pollutants. This study aimed to describe the lung function and respiratory symptoms among online motorcycle taxi drivers and risk factors which influence them.

Methods: The study design was survey research design with sample number of 99 online motorcycle taxi drivers in Bekasi City. Lung function examination was done using spirometer (Spirolab) and the predicted value of lung function was using Pneumobile Project Indonesia. Risk factors and respiratory symptoms were collected using questionnaire.

Results: There were 10.1% of subjects with restrictive lung function and 5.1% with obstructive impairment. There were significant association between age of the drivers with restrictive disorders (P=0.006) and the mean difference of %FEV1 (P=0.039). There was a significant relationship between sex (P=0.001) and age (P=0.001) with the mean percent of forced vital capacity (%FVC). The respiratory symptoms collected were cough (17.2%) and shortness of breath (6.1%). There were no significant relationship between respiratory symptoms and lung function.

Conclusions: Online motorcycle taxi drivers had respiratory symptoms and lung function impairment, however the causal relationship with the workplace environment is still unclear. Moreover, education about the importance of using personal protective equipment is needed to protect respiratory systems from harmful substances. (J Respir Indo 2019; 39(1): 54-9)
Digital Index of The Fingers with Digital Clubbing: An objective measurement to diagnose clubbed finger.
Authors: Djojodibroto Rahardjo Darmanto , Said Asri , Shahirah AS Nurul , Yang Sim Chun
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Digital clubbing can often be found as a clinical sign in patients with various underlying diseases. However, early signs of clubbing are often overlooked. To determine the Digital Index values from the fingers with clinical features of clubbing of varies conditions background.

Method: This was a prospective, case-series, investigator-initiated observation by morphometry, conducted in Kuching, Malaysia along 6 months duration. Participants were 46 patients with varies stage of clubbing of varies conditions and diseases. We measured the finger at the circumference of the Nail Fold and Distal Interphalangeal joint which determined the value of the Digital Index of a population with finger clubbing.

Results: The value of the Digital Index of finger clubbing in this study was 9.89±0.68 (Mean±SD) for male and 9.87±0.39 (Mean±SD) for female. The value of the Digital Index of finger clubbing for all subjects together was 9.88±0.56 (Mean±SD) with a range of 8.43 to 11.26.

Conclusion: Early clubbing often be overlooked. To avoid such condition, the physician should examine the fingers as a routine procedure. Measurement of DI can be recommended to detect early clubbing. (J Respir Indo. 2019; 39(3):196-204)
Relationship of Tuberculosis Radiographic Manifestation in Diabetic Patients with HbA1c Levels
Authors: Layali Dana Jauhara , Sinaga Bintang YM , Siagian Parluhutan , Eyanoer Putri Chairani
Published: April 2021

Background: The relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) is a significant health problem and more prominent in developing countries where TB is endemic and DM prevalence increases. The prevalence of pulmonary TB increases with increasing prevalence of DM. Uncontrolled diabetic patients with high hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels cause TB to become more severe and are associated with higher mortality and also have a significant effect on radiological manifestations of pulmonary TB.

Methods: The was a case-control study conducted between January to December 2016 at RSUP H Adam Malik, Medan to 43 with TB-DM patients and 41 TB-without DM patients was studied from. Radiological examination with chest radiograph was done in both groups of samples. The HbA1c levels was examined in the TB with DM group.

Result: Compared with TB-without DM group, the TB with DM group significantly had far advanced tuberculosis lesions (OR=3.8; 95% CI=1.37-10.47; P=0.01), more atypical lesions atipikal (OR=6.29; 95% CI=2.43-16.25; P
Longitudinal Study Of BODE Index As Predictive Factor of COPD In Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta
Authors: Supriyana Isep , Yunus Faisal , Antariksa Budhi , Kekalih Aria
Published: April 2021

Background: The BODE index is generally used for predicting mortality risk of COPD patients. The BODE index included the body mass index, degree of airflow obstruction (FEV1), dyspnea (MMRC questionnaire), and exercise capacity (6-minute walk test). Exacerbation of COPD associated with decreased health related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL has become an important outcome in respiratory patients as proved by St.George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). This study aim to find the correlation between BODE index with exacerbation and quality of life of COPD patients. We hypothesized that the higher BODE index score, the more frequent exacerbation occurrence and HRQoL decreased.

Methods: Prospective cohort study of COPD patients was conducted in Persahabatan Hospital in November 2010 till June 2011. This study assessed the BODE index (at baseline) and followed at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Patient were also examined with SGRQ at baseline and followed at 6 and 12 months. We monitored the occurrence of exacerbation every month by telephone, observed their medical record, or visited the COPD’s clinic and emergency departement.

Results: Eighty-five patients were examined at baseline with mean of BODE index 4.29 and SGRQ total score 41.42%. After one year follow up 52 patients have completed examination, 29 patients have not complete examination and 4 patients died. Using t-test analysis the correlation of BODE index between single and frequent exacerbation was significant (P
The Effect of Vitamin C Supplementation on Chest X-Rayimprovementin Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients During Intensive Phase in Medan
Authors: Jefri Budi , Sinaga Bintang YM , Siagian Parluhutan , Eyanoer Putri Chairani
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a public health problem in the world.Vitamin C is a water-soluble micronutrient, protects the host from reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen intermediates generated during mycobacterial infection, involved in the synthesis of collagen, iron transport, and acts as physiological antioxidant. Vitamin C plays role in killing Mycobacterium tuberculosis by fenton reaction. This study was to determine the effect of vitamin C supplementation on chest X-ray (CXR) improvement in pulmonary TB patients during intensive phase.

Methods: This was a quasy experimental study with single blind-randomized controlled trial design. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, first group was pulmonary TB patients treated with anti tuberculosis drugs (ATD) plus vitamin C and the second group was treated with ATD plus placebo. This study was conducted in several public health center in Medan City. The subjects were pulmonary TB patients with positive AFB sputum in intensive phase from December 2017 to May 2018. Data were analized using t-test dependent.

Results: From 80 total subjects, 53 males (66%) and 27 females (34%). After 2 months of treatment, improvements in CXR images were found in the ATD plus vitamin C group, about 21 subjects (52.5%) had no more lesions on CXR, while the same condition was found on 15 subjects (37.5%) in the placebo group.

Conclusion: Vitamin C supplementation in pulmonary TB provided better improvements of CXR images. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(2): 82-7)
Relationship Between Expression of MAGE-A3 with The Histopathology in NSCLC Patients
Authors: Mukhlis Mokhammad , Marhana Isnin Anang
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds: Most patients with lung cancer was diagnosted in advanced stage (around 57%). Those diagnosed at early stage were only 15%. To increase the cure rate and life expectancy, lung cancer detection should be performed early. Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3) is a testicular cancer antigen and is widely expressed in various types of tumor tissue. MAGE-A3 is expressed in about 35-40% of NSCLC. Previous research reported the expression of MAGE-A3 in lung cancer was 30-50%. To detect tumor antigens, CT antigens of the MAGE family can be detected through real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between MAGE A3 expression and histopathology type from forceps biopsy specimens in NSCLC patients.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted on 14 patients with lung cancer in September 2018 to February 2019. Subjects underwent force biopsy with guidance from bronchoscopy in the pulmonary surgery room Dr. Soetomo. The analysis used was the Fisher's exact test.

Results: There were six subjects with histopathology type of adenocarcinoma (42.9%) and eight subjects (57.1%) with the histopathology of squamous cell carcinoma. Expression of MAGE-A3 was positive in 5 subjects (35.7%).

Conclusions: There was no significant relationship between the expression of MAGE-A3 and the type of histopathology. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(2): 113-9)
Differences in the Expression of miRNA-126 and Interleukin (IL)-13 in Fully Controlled and Not Fully Controlled Asthma Patients
Authors: Kartina Yulia , Djajalaksana Susanthy , Chozin Iin Noor , Rasyid Harun Al
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds: Important finding in the last decades in the field of biology and medicine are micro-RNA (miRNA), including miRNA-126 that are involved in the regulation of interleukin-13 (IL-13) and the T helper 2 cell (Th2) response, the key components of the asthmatic response. The aim of this study is to find the difference in the expression of miRNA-126 and IL-13 serum in fully controlled and not fully controlled groups of stable asthma patients and analyze the relationship between them.

Methods: Case-control studies was conducted in 36 stable asthma patients who visited pulmonary outpatient clinic Saiful Anwar Hospital from September 2018 to March 2019. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, each group consisted of 18 fully controlled asthma and 18 not fully controlled asthma patients. The expression of miRNA-126 was measured by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and IL-13 using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

Results: The expression of miRNA-126 was higher in the control group (3.499±2.99) than case group (2.719±2.73), but the difference was not significant (P=0.273). The IL-13 levels were higher in the case group (17.285±9.37) than control group (11.681±5.22), and the difference was significant (P=0.009). However, there was no relationship between the expression of miRNA-126 and IL-13 levels in both groups.

Conclusions: There were differences in IL-13 levels, but there were no differences in the expression of miRNA-126 in the two groups. There was no relationship between miRNA-126 expression and IL-13 levels in both groups. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(1): 24-32)
Effect of Giving Polyphytopharmaca on Improvement in The Degree of Asthma Control through Reduction of Eosinophils and Interleukin-13 Uncontrolled Asthma Patients
Authors: Listyoko Aditya Sri , Chozin Iin Noor , Djajalaksana Susanthy
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds: Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized with chronic airway inflammation. The level of asthma control is an indicator of asthma management outcomes. It is influenced by a complex immunological mechanism, included the role of IL-13 as a key biomarker of inflammation. We investigate the effect of Poly-Phytopharm (Kleinhovia hospita 100 mg, Curcuma xanthorriza 75 mg, Nigella sativa 100 mg and Ophiocephalus striatus 100 mg) on the level of asthma control tests (ACT) score, blood eosinophils, and serum IL-13 on not fully controlled asthma stable patients.

Methods: This study used quasi-experimental pre and post test methods, in 15 stable asthma patients who were not fully controlled at the pulmonary outpatient clinic of Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang. Assessment of ACT score, blood eosinophils, and serum IL-13 are carried out before and after supplementation of Poly-Phytopharm three times a day, two capsules respectively for 12 weeks. The ACT was scored by the investigator by direct questioning of patients, the blood eosinophil was measured with blood analysis, and the IL-13 in serum was detected with qPCR method.

Results: There is significant increase of ACT score (18.07±2.57 to 22.06±1.83; P=0.001). In subject with baseline eosinophils ≥300 pg/mL (n=9), there were significant reduction in blood eosinophils (653.15±276.77/µL to 460.66±202.04/µL; P=0.038), and a decrease of serum IL-13 (17.69±9.901 pg/ml to 16.17±12.438 pg/ml; P=0.609).

Conclusions: The administration of poly-phytopharm for 12 weeks improves ACT level, decreases blood eosinophils, and decrease serum IL-13 on not fully controlled asthma stable patients. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(3): 130-8)
Descriptive Study: Level of Communities Knowledge And Perception About Tuberculosis (TB) in Denpasar, Bali
Authors: Widiasari Ni Putu Ayu , Kusumawardani Ida Ayu Jasminarti Dwi , Rai Ida Bagus Ngurah
Published: April 2021

Background: Success rate of Indonesia Tuberculosis (TB) treatment did not evenly distribute to every province in 2016, although various program had been carried out by Indonesia Government. Bali’s Case Notification Rate (CNR) and Success Rate (SR) of TB also did not reach target in 2017. Successful control of TB can be influenced by community’s level of knowledge and perception about TB. Our research objective was to know communities level of knowledge and perception about TB in Denpasar, Bali.

Method: This was cross-sectional research. Our sample was Denpasar communities who visited Puputan Renon Field Car Free Day (CFD) at 25 March 2018. Sample was chosen by consecutive sampling.

Results: Our research result was almost (62%) of respondent had poor knowledge about TB and 67% respondent had right perception about TB.

Conclusion: We can conclude that Denpasar communities had poor level of knowledge and good perception about TB.
Analysis of Vitamin D Levels on Bronchiectasis Severity
Authors: Batkunde Yacob Arawamin , Ilyas Muhammad , Djaharuddin Irawaty , Tabri Nur Ahmad , Iskandar Harun , Santoso Arif
Published: April 2021

Background: Bronchiectasis is a chronic disease caused by repeated infection and inflammation of the bronchial walls. Vitamin D plays a role secretion of antimicrobial peptide and inhibits release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with exacerbations, severity and decreased lung function in bronchiectasis. Several studies have found an association between vitamin D levels and bronchiectasis severity.

Methods: This study used cross-sectional study design with consecutive sampling method on bronchiectasis patients who enrolled outpatient and inpatient at Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital in February - May 2020. All research procedures obtained the approval of the Health Research Ethics Commission, Medicine faculty, Hasanuddin University Makassar. Bronchiectasis severity was assessed based on the FACED score (FEV1, Aged, chronic Colonization by Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, radiological Extension of the disease, Dyspnea). Levels of vitamin D serum {25 (OH) D} were checked using the ELISA method.

Results: The study subjects were 44 patients, consisting of 61.4% male and 38.6% female. Most of the bronchiectasis patients in this study were mild (77.3%) based on the FACED score, 15.9% moderate and 6.8% severe. As many as 77.3% of patients had vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency as much as 9.1%. All patients with moderate-severe FACED scores had vitamin D deficiency. The correlation between vitamin D levels and FACED scores showed a positive significant with p-value 0.04.

Conclusion: Low vitamin D levels are a risk factor for aggravating bronchiectasis severity and have a positive significant correlation between the two.
New GOLD COPD Guideline 2019: How We Deal with It? (Inhaled Corticosteroid Use and Blood Eosinophil Count)
Authors: Saputra Ari Julian , Widyastuti Kiki , Sutanto Yusup Subagio
Published: April 2021

Background: Blood eosinophils may predict response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where ICS is recommended in patients at high risk of exacerbations by the Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD) strategy. It can help clinicians to estimate the likelihood of beneficial preventive responses to the addition ICS to regular bronchodilator treatment, and thus can be used as a biomarker in conjunction with clinical assessment when making decisions regarding ICS use. This study aims to compare therapeutic data with blood eosinophil count in COPD patients.

Methods: Data were collected from consecutive COPD outpatients in Bukit Asam Medika Hospital starting from March 1st, 2019 until June 30th, 2019 and dr. H. Mohamad Rabain Hospital starting from Oct 1st, 2019 until Dec 27th, 2019. We collected demographics, anthropometrics, smoking history, therapy, dynamic lung volumes, the Medical Research Council scale (MRC), CAT score, and blood eosinophil count.

Results: From 57 data collected, 24 (42,1%) patients were having blood eosinophil count ≥300. Patients who have more exacerbation in COPD Group C were 33,3% and 63,2% in COPD Group D. The proportions of ICS-treated COPD Group D patients and blood eosinophil count of <300 and ≥300 was 63,9% and 36,1%, respectively.

Conclusion: This study may provide information and characteristic of COPD patient in Indonesia rural area and showed who may have benefit to ICS therapy based on recommendation GOLD COPD 2019. Blood eosinophils counts is a low-cost biomarker and may help clinicians to made decision therapy.
Hydroxyapatite synthesize from Pugilina cochlidium and Babylonia spirata, L shells as bone graft materials candidates in periodontics
Authors: Nasution Aini Hariyani , Nasution Rini Octavia , Situmorang Desy Marlyn , Harmaji Andrie
Published: April 2021

Hydroxyapatite has been widely used as bone graft materials in periodontics. However, hydroxyapatite is still considered costly, and many of them are imported. Hydroxyapatite manufacturers from natural sources could be an affordable alternative for periodontal regeneration therapy. Pugilina cochlidium and Babylonia spirata, L are the natural sources with high calcium carbonate. The two clamshells are easily found in Indonesia but their usage is still limited as hydroxyapatite materials. This study aims to synthesize the hydroxyapatite with sol-gel method from Pugilina cochlidium and Babylonia spirata, L as bone graft materials candidates.
An overview of breast cancer: Classification and related signaling pathways
Authors: Chan Pit Foong , Abd Hamid Roslida
Published: April 2021

The burden of cancer continues to grow in developed and developing countries, with about 70% of all cancer mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Among different cancer types, breast cancer is recognized as one of the five most common causes of death in cancer in women worldwide, right after lung cancer. Histological classification divides breast tumors into different categories based on their behavior and clinical outcome. However, the histological classification system has some limitations, thus molecular subtype classification has been studied extensively to improve the classification system for breast cancer. Like any other cancers, several signaling pathways that enhance the proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis capability of tumor cells have been observed in breast cancer. These crucial signaling pathways contributing to the etiology of breast cancer include breast tumor kinase (BRK) pathway, Notch signaling, Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway, and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) pathway. In the present review article, we summarize our current understanding of breast cancer and its signaling pathways, which serve as basic information on tumor formation, maintenance, and expansion that could help form better breast cancer management in patients.
Agua, bien común y usos privados. Riego, Estado y conflictos en La Achirana del Inca
Authors: Guevara Gil Armando
Published: April 2021

Considero que éste es un libro importante, que debe ser leído con mucha atención, porque marca un derrotero original para la investigación interdisciplinaria sobre la gestión, el uso y los conflictos del agua en el Perú a lo largo del siglo XX. Además, pienso que gracias a este esfuerzo de María Teresa Oré, se abren nuevas posibilidades de investigación que nos permitirán profundizar nuestrs conocimientos sobre las transformaciones técnicas y sociales que se producen en un canal -en este caso, el de La Achiracana del Inca, en el valle de Ica-, cuando hacendados, indígenas y estado generan una dinámica de cooperación y conflicto por la administración de la infraestructura hidráulica y la distribución del recurso hídrico.
El mejor de los títulos
Authors: García Acosta María
Published: April 2021

La historiografía del agua en México se inicia con el siglo XX, está ligada a los planes y proyectos gubernamentales, y es elaborada por constructores y cronistas. Estos trabajos trascendían el porfiriato y la Revolución, y veían el uso del agua para riego como uno de los pilares para el desarrollo económico nacional (Herrera y Lasso, Palacios, Gazol, Orive Alba y López Zamora).
Yakunchik. Concertando la gestión del agua después de la violencia
Authors: Oré Vélez María Teresa
Published: April 2021

La Plataforma Yayunkchik surgió a fines de 1998, en la ciudad de Huamanga -capital del departamento de Ayaucho, en la sierra central del Perú-, cuando la región atravesaba los efectos de una severa sequía ocasionada por el Fenómeno del Niño (FEN, 1998). A fines de este año, se realizó un taller sobre la gestión del agua; en él se constituyó un pequeño núcleo de instituciones locales interesadas que daría origen, posteriormente, a la Plataforma.
Entre pecado y delito: la administración de la justicia y los límites documentales para el estudio de la sodomía en el Virreinato del Perú (siglos XVI-XVII)
Authors: Molina Fernanda
Published: April 2021

El estudio de los fenómenos asociados con la sexualidad en el pasado representa un desafío para los investigadores contemporáneos, en la medida en que las fuentes relativas a esos temas son, por su propia naturaleza, escasas o de difícil acceso. El trabajo explora las causas de dicha escasez documental respecto a la sodomía masculina en la sociedad virreinal peruana entre los siglos XVI y XVII. No obstante, más allá de reconocer la naturaleza críptica del fenómeno —tanto por su carácter indecible y aberrante como por tratarse de una experiencia de la vida íntima y privada los individuos—, la investigación sugiere que dichas limitaciones respondieron no solo a la naturaleza del fenómeno sino, en gran medida, a la lógica y a los fundamentos organizativos de las instituciones encargadas de producir la información sobre las prácticas sexuales sodomíticas, es decir, a la actuación de los tribunales responsables de la administración de justicia.
Cárcel y presidios en Córdoba del Tucumán
Authors: Aspell Marcela
Published: April 2021

La presente investigación se realizó compulsando los fondos documentales del Archivo Histórico y del Archivo del Arzobispado de Córdoba para estudiar la formación y desarrollo de la cárcel capitular, la carcelería y la aplicación de las penas de presidio en Córdoba del Tucumán. Es esta una ciudad indiana fundada por españoles en 1573, cruce de caminos y nudo de comunicaciones para los peregrinos que recorrían las rutas hacia Buenos Aires, Asunción, Santiago o Lima, alejada del teatro de las guerras pero permanente frontera con el indio; asimismo, era cabecera del obispado y sede de la universidad que en 1791 incorporará los estudios regulares de Derecho, con la Cátedra de Instituta, hecho que significa la creación de la Facultad de Jurisprudencia. La presencia de estudios regulares de Derecho contribuyó a difundir el conocimiento y a afianzar la práctica del derecho para remplaza una justicia de jueces legos, cuyo funcionamiento se empeñaba en controlar una lejana justicia de alzada.
A costa de Su Majestad: indios viajeros y dilemas imperiales en la corte de los Habsburgo
Authors: De la Puente Luna José Carlos
Published: April 2021

Durante los siglos XVI y XVII cientos de súbditos indígenas cruzaron el Atlántico y llegaron al palacio real en Madrid para entrevistarse con el rey. Sus viajes revelan un dilema imperial: distintas cédulas prohibían el traslado de indios nobles y del común a la Península, pero otras cédulas reales y prácticas consuetudinarias advertían al Consejo de Indias y a la Casa de Contratación que no se debía forzar el retorno de estos visitantes al Perú. Difícilmente se podría argumentar que estos viajes constituyeron «penosas peregrinaciones» a España sin ningún eco, en las cuales los visitantes fueron tratados con «evidente menosprecio». Cambiar este paradigma pasa por entender que tanto los viajeros como sus representantes legales se beneficiaron de los límites impuestos al poder absoluto del rey, en particular, de que su «hospitalidad» y su «liberalidad» —según se esperaba en un monarca universal— fueran «sin límites». Los indios que viajaban a la corte eran abismalmente menos poderosos que el soberano; sin embargo, estaban en una posición pr ivilegiada para solicitar los beneficios de su liberalidad, ejerciendo una presión significativa para satisfacer sus pretensiones en España. En tal sentido, los Austrias españoles necesitabanestos viajes tanto como los viajeros.
Manuel Marzal S. J. Trayectoria de uno de los fundadores del Instituto de Pastoral Andina
Authors: Sánchez Paredes José
Published: April 2021

El itinerario religioso y antropológico de Manuel Marzal S. J. está estrechamente ligado al proceso de formación del Instituto de Pastoral Andina (IPA) que él contribuyó a fundar. Su proceso de formación jesuita en tierras americanas le permitió descubrir, de modo vivencial y comprometido, la existencia de las poblaciones indígenas de los Andes peruanos. El descubrimiento, primero del rostro humano del «indio» y después del rostro «indio de Dios», lo impulsa a promover una institución que, desde la Iglesia, vele por las raíces culturales y espirituales de la religión campesina. El contexto del Concilio Vaticano II fue el marco para este proyecto en el que Marzal promovió el estudio y la investigación rigurosa de las tradiciones culturales y espirituales indígenas, convencido de que, tras ellas, es Dios mismo el que se expresa. Así, se destaca su participación en la elaboración de etnografías religiosas, en la asesoría y formación de agentes pastorales, en la publicación de numerosos libros sobre el catolicismo popular campesino y, sobre todo, su primer impulso en la creación de la famosa revista Allpanchis Phuturinqa, que ha servido —y sigue sirviendo— como depósito escrito de la rica tradición de estudio, promoción y evangelización de la población campesina peruana en el sur andino.
Incas y amazónicos. Antagonismo étnico ancestral
Authors: Kaufmann Doig Federico
Published: April 2021

Si bien los contactos entre los pobladores del área inca o andina y el área amazónica datan de 5000 años atrás, en ambos espacios se observa un desarrollo cultural asimétrico a lo largo de los milenios. Se plantea que esta asimetría cultural no puede ser explicada por una capacidad intelectual mayor o menor de andinos o de amazónicos, pues ambos descienden de ramas de un mismo tronco racial, el paleomongol. En consecuencia, el desfase en el proceso cultural debe de tener otras raíces. Estas podrían deberse a condicionantes medioambientales. Acaso este factor fue el que marcó la disparidad cultural que se percibe, si se compara a los pobladores andinos con los amazónicos. Consideramos que las referidas diferencias culturales existentes entre amazónicos y andinos son las que parecen explicar también la presencia del antagonismo étnico reinante entre unos y otros. De estas diferencias hay noticias en las crónicas de los siglos XVI y XVII, que permiten descubrir su existencia ya en tiempos del incario. En estas fuentes hay menciones concretas al desprecio que, por entonces, los cordilleranos ya demostraban frente a los selváticos, a quienes despóticamente llamaban chunchos. Este desdén étnico frente a los amazónicos originarios subsiste, velada o abiertamente, aún en nuestros días, entre nosotros.
Presentación
Authors: Valle Rondón Fernando
Published: April 2021

Este número ha sido concebido con la finalidad de dar a conocer recientes trabajos historiográficos sobre Arequipa, una región claramente significativa en el Perú que en los últimos años tiene en su haber la novedosa y fructífera producción intelectual de varios jóvenes investigadores. Los artículos aquí publicados son fruto del constante, silencioso y paciente trabajo de una nueva generación que, a pesar de las dificultades propias para la investigación en este país, viene desarrollando esfuerzos por abordar nuevos temas a partir de diversos enfoques y campos como la Historia cultural, económico-social, jurídica y la historiografía. La composición de esta selección se artículos responde, además, al propósito manifesto de presentar trabajos de Historia regional, dedicando cada cierto tiempo un número a una o más regiones particulares.
El complemento artístico a las misas de difuntos en el Perú colonial
Authors: Stanfield-Mazzi Maya
Published: April 2021

Este artículo trata de las obras de arte que se usaban en los templos andinos para fomentar el culto cristiano a los muertos durante la época colonial. Sostenemos que estas obras jugaron un papel importante en establecer el culto como reemplazo al culto andino a los muertos. También vemos cómo estas obras cambiaron en el transcurso de la época colonial de presentar imágenes simbólicas a representar escenas narrativas. Un tipo de obra importante fue el frontal de altar, que servía como trasfondo a la misa y que por lo tanto era un lugar apropiado para expresar conceptos doctrinales que tenían que ver con la muerte, la idea del purgatorio y el dogma de la salvación.
Joaquín de Fiore y la escatología franciscana en la catedral de Ayaviri
Authors: Lara Jaime
Published: April 2021

Desde hace mucho tiempo se ha reconocido que Joaquín de Fiore (+1202), el abad, profeta y artista calabrés, tuvo una influencia profunda en las órdenes mendicantes, especialmente entre los franciscanos, que reconocieron a su santo fundador en sus profecías escatológicas. El arte franciscano andino -como los lienzos de Ayaviri- empleó referencias joaquinistas e influtó el retrato del abad en pinturas que muestran un san Francisco volante, iconografía que tiene su origen entre los artistas indígenas de Cusco. Hay evidencia de que el pueblo andino vio y entendió al santo alado, con sus mensajes utópicos, como un chamán y hombre-pájaro. Los antropólogos han encontrado el recuerdo de las tres edades joaquinistas del Padre, Hijo y Espíritu Santo en varias comunidades andinas de hoy. Esta investigación sugiere que Joaquín de Fiore fue mejor conocido en el mundo colonial que en la Europa medieval en que vivía, y que las artes visuales tuvieron mucho que ver con este hecho.
Los petroglifos de El Chiral, centro rupestre de Polobaya
Authors: Tacca Quispe Lorenzo W.
Published: April 2021

El interés por el arte rupestre ha tomado auge en los últimos años y son varios los hallazgos que se están haciendo, ese es el caso del sitio petroglífico llamado El Chiral, el cual destaca por el número de ejemplares y por la calidad de sus diseños. En el presente artículo, primero se dan a conocer algunos datos históricos prehispánicos, luego, el material de soporte, técnicas y estilos de elaboración, la tipología de las representaciones rupestres, su origen y función, para finalmente presentar algunos dibujos y fotografías de los petroglifos.
Presentación del libro La catedral de Ayaviri en el tiempo. Estudio histórico y artístico de la iglesia de San Francisco de Ayaviri desde el siglo XVI a la actualidad
Authors: Samanez Roberto
Published: April 2021

Presentación del libro La catedral de Ayaviri en el tiempo. Estudio histórico y artístico de la iglesia de San Francisco de Ayaviri desde el siglo XVI a la actualidad, escrito por Carlos Zegarra Moretti.
Un nuevo lugar para el descanso eterno: El panteón extramuros y la cultura funeraria de Ayaviri entre 1830 y 1940 (Melgar-Puno)
Authors: Saavedra Ordinola Deyvi
Published: April 2021

Los primeros panteones extramuros en el Perú trajeron consigo una serie de cambios y permanencias en la visión y práctica sobre la muerte a nivel local, que podemos constatar en diferentes ciudades, como es el caso de Ayaviri, al norte de Puno. En ese sentido, realizaremos una primera aproximación al camposanto ayavireño y su primer siglo de funcionamiento, con particular énfasis en su tutela institucional, el arte  fúnebre que conservó y la ritualidad que giró en torno a él, realizando algunas comparaciones con otras ciudades del país.
Analysis of Dose Load on a Pregnant patient in Radiotherapy of Oropharal Cancer
Authors: Sannikova E. O. , Lebedenko I. M. , Khromov S. S. , Gorlachev G. E.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The assessment of the dose load on a pregnant patient during irradiation of the oropharyngeal tumor at different distances from the border of the irradiated field, including at the level corresponding to the position of the fetus, based on phantom measurements.

Material and methods: To calculate the exposure plan, the ECLIPSE planning system with the AAA algorithm was used. Irradiation was performed on a LinacClinaciX (Varian, USA) with a nominal photon energy of 6 MeV. The tissue equivalent phantom Alderson–Rando was used to assess the dose load on the fetus.

Results and conclusions: It was shown that the total absorbed dose at the level and below the diaphragm (the level of the fetus) at a distance of more than 40 cm from the border of the irradiation field for the entire course of radiation therapy turned out to be significantly less than the permissible limits indicated in the literature and amounted from 41.71 to 14.03 mGy.
The Role of the Legal Infrastructure of Responsibility with the Participation of Consumers in the Novelization and «Digitalization» of Civil Rights Objects
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Adelshin R. N.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the provisions on changing the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on liability for new civil rights objects, for information technology, derivative financial instruments or their equivalents. The issues of liability regarding digital financial assets, digital rights, as future, new objects of civil rights on the basis of the contract are touched upon. The author analyzes the new provisions of Federal Law № 34 of March 18, 2019, as well as legislation in general and practice in terms of determining the legal status of parties to contractual relations.
Some Practical Aspects of Invalidity of Procedures for Determining the Supplier (Contractor, Provider) and State (Municipal) Contract
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Dzhioeva E. G. , Rybina N. M. ,   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow)
Published: April 2021

The Federal statute аbout the contract system contains rules allowing invalidating the definition of a supplier (contractor, performer), as well as a contract. In the course of the civil law reform, significant changes were made to the rules on deal. In particular, a deal concluded in violation of the requirements of a law or other legal act became, as a general rule, disputed. The change in the legislator's approach to invalid deal naturally affected the courts application of invalidity rules to state and municipal contracts. In the same cases, contracts are considered both void and unquestionable. The authors set a task to analyze the practice of applying the rules on the invalidity of deals to state and municipal contracts, as well as the procedures for determining the supplier (contractor, provider) in order to identify existing trends and form the most objective approach when making decisions on the invalidity of contracts. The article concludes that state and municipal contracts can be challenged on most grounds, as well as the need to identify the feasibility and validity of applying invalidity as a way to protect the violated rights of subjects of the contract system.
Dual Regulators of Legal Relations
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Ershov V. V.
Published: April 2021

The author analyzes the regulation of legal relations and identifies two regulators: legal and individual. The article emphasizes that legal and individual regulators of legal relations can effectively influence the relationship only together, as a pair.
On Ensuring Fairness of Justice in the Extreme Conditions of the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors:   Institute of State and Law of Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow), Kleandrov M.I.
Published: April 2021

The article examines an issue of the organizational and legal mechanism of justice in extreme conditions, which has essentially turned into extreme justice in the case of the coronavirus pandemic. It is noted that neither the legal regulation itself in all spheres of society, nor the mechanism of justice as its important component does not take into account the need for the functioning of courts in the extreme conditions in which the world found itself in early 2020. The author proposes alternative solutions to this problem in the legislative sphere with a focus on the extreme justice mechanism. It is noticed that in our country there is no needed government authority, which would be competent to put justice into an extreme mode with the consolidation of the substantive components of such mode, the author examines and critically evaluates the current situation with justice during a pandemic and proposes a radical solution to the problem.
Partially Moral Legal Relations. Who is to Blame? (Review of the Monograph: Serkov P. P. Legal Relation. The Morality of Modern Legal Regulation. M.: Norma, 2020. – 686 p.)
Authors: Kolyushin E. I.
Published: April 2021

The solution to the problem of the relations between morality and law proposed in the monograph is a serious attempt to create a new concept of moral law and legal relations using the achievements of other liberal arts in contrast to the ideas in legal science prevailing now. Conclusions and suggestions are justified only in those parameters in which the researcher does not absolutize the role of morality in each of the named manifestations.
The Practice of Courts in Administrative Cases Arising from Control and Supervisory Relations in the Field of Antimonopoly Control (Analytical Review)
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Pisenkо К. А.
Published: April 2021

This review based on a scientific and practical study of the practice of courts in cases arising from the control of economic concentration, focuses on the current problems of law enforcement in the implementation of antimonopoly control and supervision activities and offers directions and approaches to improving law enforcement practice.
Questions of the Ratio of Budget Violations and Measures of Responsibility in Budget Legislation and Related Branches of Law
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Anisina K. T.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the types of budget violations and measures of responsibility for their commission. The budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation identifies four types of budget violations. At the same time, it is noted that the compositions of administrative offenses in the budgetary sphere are identical to the compositions of budget violations set forth in the Budget Code of the Russian Federation. In addition, liability for budget violations is regulated by the Budget Code and Criminal, Civil, Administrative Offenses Codes of the Russian Federation, which confirms an integrated approach to studying the issue raised.
Free Trade Agreements is EU Court Decisions: Overcoming Fragmentation and Correlation with the Primary Law of European Union
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Belskaia E. I.
Published: April 2021

Free trade agreements between the EU and third countries are used as of one of the tools of creation of a domestic market and foreign policy. This article discusses the practical aspects of the enforcement of such agreements by the Court of the EU and the possibility of their direct action, as well as the interpretation of these agreements and their relationship with the obligations of the EU member states under primary law. The most effective way to overcome all possible contradictions is the consistent and consistent application of this rules by the Court of Justice of the EU.
Prospects for Improving Court Resolution Questions about the Parole of a Convicted Person from Serving a Sentence
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Kachalov V. I.
Published: April 2021

The procedural order of consideration by the courts of petitions and representations for conditional early release from serving a sentence needs to be improved, since these issues affect the most important constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens. Current legislation does not set a specific time frame for consideration of such requests. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to consider issues of early release within 30 days from the date of receipt of the request to the court in compliance with the deadline for notifying interested persons no later than 14 days before the start of the court session. At the stage of preparation for the court session to consider the issue of early release, the court examines the received materials and performs preparatory actions. Since the activities of the court in execution of the sentence is seen as justice, all the participants of the court session (the court, Prosecutor, convict, victim, defender) should be able to use the procedural powers granted to them in consideration of the criminal case on the merits and in this stage of the process, taking into account its specificity. Participation of the convicted person in the consideration of issues of early release as a general rule should be mandatory. Consideration of the case in the absence of this person is possible only in cases when it independently and unambiguously refused to participate in the court session. The implementation of the right to protection by a convicted person during the execution of a sentence has certain features. The content of the right to protection takes on a somewhat different meaning. There is no need to defend yourself against the accusation, and the presumption of innocence provision has ceased to apply. Under such conditions, the content of the right to protection is centered around the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of this person, including his ability to obtain the necessary information, personal participation in the consideration of issues related to him, obtaining qualified legal assistance, etc. The participation of the defender in this stage must be carried out according to the general rules of criminal proceedings and must be mandatory, except in cases where the person refused to help the defender independently and voluntarily. Objective circumstances of the development of modern society put on the agenda the need to change the form of consideration of materials on early release and move to the consideration of most of these materials online. Extensive use of modern messengers with high-quality video communication will optimize the process of participation of the Prosecutor, defender and victim in the court session.