bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Hamstring Muscle Strain Injury in Athletes
Authors: Tahir Jawad
Published: April 2022

Abstract

 

Background: Injury to the hamstring muscle is a common non-contact injury among athletes. Several modifiable and non-modifiable factors are responsible for hamstring strain injury. Objective: The objective was to determine the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for hamstring strain injury in the athletes. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 102 athletes using convenient sampling. Athletes age range between 18 to 25 years playing nationally at a provisional level among different universities of Lahore were included while those having pathological conditions like tendon rupture, chronic tendinopathy, fracture, tumor, and acute injury were excluded from this study. For qualitative data, bar charts and percentages were used. The quantitative data like age, dominant hand, gender and smoking were presented as mean and standard deviation. Results: Findings showed that almost 40.2% of athletes missed their training match out of which 73.5% experienced soreness or stiffness because 87% did not fully cool down after training or match. Almost 45.1% of athletes suffered from hamstring strain injuries and their symptoms aggravated during stretching while 28.4% during jogging, 21.6% during changing direction when running and 28.4% while accelerating. Modifiable risk factors were found as 33.3%, 31.4% and 51% due to reduced muscle strength, flexibility and lower back pain respectively. Conclusion: Inappropriate coaching, advancing age and history of the previous injury are identified as major risk factors causing hamstring strain injuries among athletes of universities. Lack of knowledge of fully warming up the hamstrings before training and cooling down after training may lead the athletes susceptible to strain injuries.

Correspondence: Jawad Tahir, Central Park Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan; Email: dr.jd2917@gmail.com

Citation: Tahir J. 2021. Risk factors for hamstring muscle strain injury in athletes. The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, 1(1):15-20.
Psychological Impacts of Infertility and Other Reproductive Technologies
Authors: Athar Fatima
Published: April 2022

Individuals and couples all over the world find incapacity to conceive children to be a distressing circumstance. Infertility has a wide range of implications, including societal pressure as well as personal distress. Advances in assisted reproductive technologies, like as IVF, can give many couples hope where treatment is accessible, yet there are still challenges to overcome in terms of medical coverage and expense. The medicalization of infertility has unknowingly resulted in a dismissal of couples' emotional responses, which include distress, loss of control, stigmatization, and a disruption in their adult developmental trajectory. Evidence is accumulating that there is a link between fertility treatment stress and patient drop-out and pregnancy rates. Fortunately, psychological therapies for infertility patients, particularly those emphasizing stress management and coping-skills training, have been demonstrated to be useful.
E Mental Health and Its Future in South Asia
Authors: Begum Zahanat
Published: April 2022

The following article is about the significance as well as the contribution of e mental health in the world, since the twenty first century the world has evolved radically due to globalization and globalization, itself is a product of digitalization. With numerous electronic devices and technologies introduced for various purposes in the world, healthcare has also been introducing new biomedical technologies to improve health all over the globe. After the development of E health which included online doctor patent consultations and treatment, the specialized form E mental health was discussed where the utility of technology in mental health awareness and treatment was proposed. So, with the world moving forward towards e mental health solutions and interventions, it's very understandable and relevant to contextualize the south Asian interest in this area. This article further focuses on the cost effectiveness, benefits as well as the cultural barriers that E mental health might face.
Impact of Motivation on Students’ Learning at Secondary School Level
Authors: Chaudhry Mahnoor
Published: April 2022

Buildings, books, and other resources are all part of the educational system as a whole. These goals can be met in a variety of ways. Students in secondary school were the focus of this study, which sought to examine the impact of motivation on learning. Finding out what motivates students to learn and how it affects their ability to learn were the primary goals for this study. Those involved in the teaching and learning process will benefit from this research. Secondary school students at the Government High School in Swabi were the focus of the study. Descriptive in nature, the researcher gathered information about how the study's subject was currently being treated. The study's participants are the 1310 teachers from the district's 74 government high schools. A random sample of 100 teachers was drawn from the ten government high schools in the Swabi district. The information gathered was laid out in a table. Data was analysed using frequency and percentage as a statistical tool. According to the study's findings, the government may provide resources to ensure a favourable learning environment both inside and outside the classroom. In order to keep students from becoming bored, teachers may employ a variety of teaching methods. Teachers can memorise the names of their students and use them when speaking to them. The best student may be given a bonus from the school's budget in order to motivate them.
Factors Enhancing Quality of Education at Secondary School level in Swabi, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Ghayoor
Published: April 2022

Education is the only way to make survival in this globalized world. Education is the last hope to stabilize Pakistan socially and economically. Socio-economic development is directly proportional to the quality of Education. Objectives of paper are to identify the factors enhancing the quality of education at secondary school level in Swabi, to describe the opinion of principals regarding the factors enhancing quality of education at secondary school level and to know the views of teachers regarding the factors enhancing quality of education at secondary school level. The study was delimited to the public sector male secondary school of district Swabi. All the principals of and 1450 teachers of eighty two Government High Schools of district Swabi constituted the population of the study (EMIS, 2017). Out of the total population 68 principals and 304 teachers randomly selected (Rao soft sample calculator). Two closed end questionnaire containing 26 items each were developed on Likert scale in relation to the objectives. Percentage was used as statistical tool to analyze the collected data. Findings of the study reveal that the opinion of the principals and teachers regarding the factors enhancing quality of education are as 76% principal and 99.3% teachers were of the opinion that dynamic curriculum is a most appropriate factor for enhancing quality of education. All the principals and teachers were in favour of the factor that respect should be given to the prophetic profession for enhancing quality of education. All the respondents were in favour of the role of DEO for improving quality of education. Majority of the respondents admitted that coordination among parents, teachers and officers is a most appropriate factor for enhancing quality of education. All the respondents were agreed that professional development and subject command of teachers is a pivotal factor for enhancing quality of education.
Perceptions of Students Regarding the Promotion of Values at Secondary School Level
Authors: Ahmad Tufail
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the study was to explore the perceptions of students regarding promotion of Islamic values and to identify the perceptions of students regarding promotion of moral values. All 31252 secondary school students of 74 Government High School constituted population of the study. Out of total population 100 students were conveniently selected from 10 Government High Schools of district Swabi. A closed ended questionnaire containing 10 items based on Likert scale was developed with the consultation of the supervisor in relation to the objective of the subject. The collected data was presented in tabulated form. Frequency and percentage were used as statistical tool to analyzed data. Findings of the study revealed Majority of the respondents agreed that most of our teachers have knowledge about Islamic and moral values. Most of the participants agreed that teachers teach us to start every work with recitation of "Tasmiya". Several respondents believed that teachers teach us about the importance of Salah in our daily life. Maximum participants agreed that teacher teach us important events from the holy life of Prophet (SAW). Most of the subjects agreed that teachers teach us about the importance of life on earth and heaven. Majority of the participants were agreed that teacher inculcate the value of speaking truth in our life. Several respondents believed that teachers teach us about the importance of honesty. Many participants agreed that teachers teach us about the importance of brotherhood in life. Most of the subjects agreed that teachers teach us about the importance of keeping promises. Many participants believed that teachers teach us about the importance of condolence.
Digital Divide and Health Literacy in Pakistan
Authors: Haider Ali
Published: April 2022

Although health literacy is a concept new to many members of the health care community, it has quickly caught the attention of researchers, policy makers, and clinicians due to its widespread impact on health and well-being. This article is about the importance of health literacy context related to Pakistan. I intended to discuss the significance of health literacy and e-health how both domains are interlinked with each other. Along with that the focus is on digital divide, the gap between health care information and general public including patients. In literature review found some of the basic challenges exists in making E-Health a better source for health information. Challenges that exist in spreading health information is also discussed. At the end of the article along with cited articles there is a concluded suggestions about how it could be solve through digital devices and Internet, and what could be done possibly in this modern world.
Alcances del Proceso de Internacionalización en el Contexto de las Universidades Peruanas
Authors: Valderrama Perez Lucio Walter M:
Published: April 2022

Resumen
Los procesos de internacionalización de los centros superiores de estudio han tenido en esta parte del continente una etapa de crecimiento casi lento, pero en la presente década las asociaciones en la formación o fortalecimiento de redes se han multiplicado. El uso de las nuevas tecnologías fue el instrumento para sortear la falta presencialidad en las aulas de parte de los docentes y discentes por la pandemia sanitaria, para primero garantizar el dictado virtual de las materias, capacitar a los profesores y estudiantes adecuarse aceleradamente al uso de las plataformas y aulas virtuales, para luego trabajar en reactivación vía redes y programas virtualizados. Las redes de universidades en la América latina comenzaron a utilizarse intensamente apelando a las plataformas y a las aulas virtuales, a fin de restablecer las convocatorias de los programas de movilidad estudiantil y docente, así mismo incorporar los mecanismos para que los estudiantes y profesores elegidos puedan movilizarse virtualmente. El proceso de internacionalización exige un trabajo comprometido y concertado entre los estados, universidades y las diferentes redes, los cuales pueden y deben mejorar, para ello la digitalización e innovación de los canales sistemas de comunicación pueden ser un medio de integración real y rápida.
Revisão sobre o uso de inibidores de cotransportador sódio-glicose 2 e agonistas de peptídeo 1 em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e doença cardiovascular
Authors: Garcia Juliana Nogueira , Côrrea de Oliveira Jardel
Published: April 2022

Introdução: Introdução: Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 é um importante e crescente problema de saúde para todos os países. Objetivo: Este trabalho visa avaliar a qualidade da evidência disponível sobre os fármacos inibidores de sódio-glicose 2 e agonistas de glucagon 1 em pessoas com diabetes mellitus e doença cardiovascular aterosclerótica. Métodos: Realizou-se revisão integrativa utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase via Cochrane Library, Cochrane Library, LILACS via BVS. A pergunta de pesquisa foi estruturada da seguinte forma: população – pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e doença cardiovascular estabelecida; intervenção – tratamento usual exceto insulina + inibidores de sódio-glicose 2 ou tratamento usual exceto insulina + agonistas de glucagon 1; controle - tratamento usual exceto insulina + placebo; desfecho – mortalidade geral, mortalidade por causas cardiovasculares, morbidade, efeitos adversos. Resultados: Selecionaram-se dois estudos sobre empagliflozina. Esse medicamento associado ao tratamento usual foi superior ao placebo associado ao tratamento usual no desfecho primário (HR 0,86; IC95% 0,74–0,99; p=0,04), na redução de hospitalização por insuficiência cardíaca (HR 0,65; IC95% 0,50–0,85; p=0,002), da mortalidade cardiovascular (HR 0,62; IC95% 0,49–0,77) e da mortalidade geral (HR 0,68; IC95% 0,57–0,82; p<0,001). No subgrupo de pessoas com diabetes que não usavam insulina, houve benefício com empagliflozina em relação ao desfecho primário (HR 0,79; IC95% 0,64–0,97; DR 2,5; NNT 40) e a mortes de causa cardiovascular (HR 0,61; IC95% 0,44–0,85; DR 2; NNT 49). Houve heterogeneidade entre os subgrupos com benefício de empagliflozina no desfecho primário apenas para aqueles com idade ³65 anos (p=0,01) e hemoglobina glicada <8,5 (p=0,01). Em relação às mortes por causas cardiovasculares, houve diferença (p=0,05) com o uso de empagliflozina reduzindo o risco somente no subgrupo com índice de massa corporal <30. Não houve diferença significativa em relação ao placebo para acidente vascular encefálico fatal e não fatal, tampouco no desfecho composto de acidente vascular encefálico debilitante não fatal e acidente vascular encefálico fatal (HR 0,81; IC95% 0,43–1,50; p=0,50). Houve mais pessoas acometidas por acidente vascular encefálico no grupo intervenção em que a hemoglobina glicada inicial era ≥8,5%, favorecendo o placebo (p=0,01). Conclusões: Os dados encontrados favorecem o benefício de utilizar esse medicamento no Sistema Único de Saúde em pessoas com doenças cardiovasculares. Entretanto, houve heterogeneidade entre grupos populacionais, o que pode ajudar a delinear estratégias de uso para esses medicamentos. São necessários mais estudos para avaliar qual seria o motivo de não haver benefício em desfechos cerebrovasculares isoladamente.
Barreiras para a realização de oftalmoscopia direta por médicos de família e comunidade
Authors: Milani Lucas Zanetti , Pich Santiago , Edelweiss Marcos Krahe
Published: April 2022

A oftalmoscopia direta é um exame utilizado para diagnóstico e rastreamento de doenças da retina, do disco óptico e do humor vítreo no contexto da atenção primária à saúde. Estudos demonstram que é uma prática pouco utilizada regularmente por médicos de família e comunidade. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar barreiras para a realização da oftalmoscopia por médicos da referida especialidade. Este estudo utilizou metodologia qualitativa, baseada em entrevista semiestruturada com médicos de família e comunidade e posterior análise temática. Demonstrou-se que as barreiras para a realização de oftalmoscopia direta incluem dificuldade no manejo do oftalmoscópio e na dilatação pupilar, pouco conhecimento da anatomia ocular, sentimento de insegurança na realização e na interpretação de achados, percepção de que seria um exame mais bem realizado por um especialista, falta de formação e experiência prática na graduação e na residência médica, percepção de pouca utilidade ou resolutividade, dificuldade em adequar o ambiente para a realização do exame, ausência de aparelho e colírios midriáticos nas unidades de saúde, aumento no tempo de consulta, ausência de fluxos de encaminhamento mediante achados alterados, presença de serviços de teleoftalmologia e ausência de treinamento da equipe multiprofissional.
National wertvolles Kulturgut
Authors: Kimmig Louisa
Published: April 2022

Nationally valuable cultural goods embody aspects of our culture and history. The Cultural Property Protection Act regulates their protection and the associated legal consequences, such as the fact that they may no longer be permanently exported abroad.

The subject of the study is the list principle, which is decisive for the determination of nationally valuable cultural goods. By being entered in a list, they are subject to the protection provisions.

The study deals with the question of which criteria a cultural good must fulfill in order to be included in such a list.

On this basis, the work develops criteria for legal practice. It is to be understood as a contribution for legal practitioners from the executive and judiciary, but also for norm addressees, e.g. private owners of cultural property.
Das europäische Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverleger
Authors: Knutzen-Lohmann Lennart
Published: April 2022

As was the case with that of the preceding German legislation, the creation of the European ancillary copyright for press publishers regulated in Art. 15 of Directive (EU) 2019/790 was accompanied by an intensive debate. In particular, the legislator intended to preserve the viability of the publishing industry and to increase the economic attractiveness of the production of quality journalistic products. In view of this, this dissertation examines the regulation from an economic perspective. It focuses on the evaluation of the economic legitimation behind the introduction of the European ancillary copyright for press publishers.
Die Digitalisierung der Hauptversammlung
Authors: Wunderlich Samuel Matthias
Published: April 2022

The digitization of the Annual General Meeting is progressing inexorably. A return to the analog age of purely face-to-face meetings is inconceivable after the experience with the virtual AGM during the COVID-19-pandemic. A lively discourse has flared up on the question of how to shape the digitization process in legislative terms. This paper makes an innovative contribution to this discourse by presenting a consistent proposal for the continuation of the virtual shareholders' meeting and the implementation of a process shareholders' meeting in the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG).
Behördliche Normverwerfung und deren haftungsrechtliche Folgen
Authors: Arenz Laura-Theresa
Published: April 2022

The scope of the authorities' non-application powers has long been in dispute. The relevant questions of constitutional and administrative law have not lost any of their topicality, for example when a decision has to be made on a site for a wind energy plant outside existing concentration zones. This question of the competence to reject development plans is also relevant in terms of liability law. In this respect, Part 1 of the study first examines the legal nature of municipal concentration zones for wind energy and then, in Part 2, explores the central issues surrounding the competence to reject faulty planning. Part 3 completes the study with regard to the implications of liability law.
Colostrum and Milk in Sow
Authors: Nuntapaitoon Morakot
Published: April 2022

Both colostrum and milk quality and quantity can influence piglet survival and growth, especially in a highly prolific sow. The Danish Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred was selected for high prolificacy and challenged to provide enough colostrum and milk of high quality to all piglets. This chapter reviewed the mechanism of colostrum and milk production, basic information of colostrum, and milk quality (immunoglobulin, fat, protein, lactose, etc.) and quantity. The importance of colostrum and milk in modern sows on piglet performance and survival was addressed. Since the sow immunoglobulin cannot pass epitheliochorial placenta in the sow to the piglet’s bloodstream. Therefore, colostrum is a crucial role in piglet survival and growth. However, the amount of colostrum and milk production in hyperprolific sow still improve from high litter size. The knowledge about the factors influencing colostrum and milk quality and quantity, such as parity number, piglet, the environment in hyperprolific sows, may support veterinarians and farmers in the commercial swine farms for increasing pig production. Moreover, the technique to improve colostrum and milk quality and quantity were explained, such as feed supplementation in gestating and lactating sows.
Application of Discrete Mathematics for Programming Discrete Mathematics Calculations
Authors: Rodriguez Lucatero Carlos
Published: April 2022

In the discrete mathematics courses, topics, such as the calculation of the element in any position of a sequence of numbers generated by some recurrence relation, calculation of multiplicative inverses in algebraic ring structures modulo a number n, obtaining the complete list of combinations without repetition, for which you can take advantage of the computing power of computers and perform such calculations using computer programs in some programming language. The implementations of these calculations can be carried out in many ways and therefore their algorithmic performance can be very varied. In this chapter, I propose to illustrate by means of some Matlab programs, how the use of results of the same discrete mathematics allows to improve the algorithmic performance of said computer programs. Another topic addressed in regular discrete mathematics courses where calculations arise that could become very expensive both in time and in occupied space, if the calculations are implemented directly from the definitions is modular arithmetic. Such calculations can be carried out much more efficiently by making use of results from discrete mathematics and number theory. The application of these ideas will be developed in the following sections of this chapter.
Rock Lithology-Based Laboratory Protocols and Best Practices for Polymer Screening for EOR Application in Conventional and Harsh Reservoirs
Authors: Araujo Yani , Araujo Mariela
Published: April 2022

EOR applications have seen a recent shift in focus from onshore use in sandstone formations to more complex environments, such as carbonates and reservoirs in offshore settings. This explains the attention given thus far to develop EOR screening criteria mainly for use in sandstone reservoirs, where significant success has been observed. Screening of chemical EOR applications is mostly centered on the evaluation and characterization of fluids and some formation properties without explicit consideration of the formation lithology in some cases. Standardized lithology-based laboratory protocols are required to avoid cost overruns on screening and the design of fluid formulations for specific use in a particular reservoir. Such is the case of carbonates, typically highly heterogenous formations often found in high salinity and temperature conditions, where most available chemicals have limited applicability, and where standard screening protocols are not reliable or lack proper detection limits. In this chapter, we present an integrated laboratory workflow for polymer screening with recommended protocols based on formation lithology. It was derived from successful polymer application in the O&G industry and our own experimental work over the last two decades. Its use results in better quality data with time savings, contributing to a better understanding of the field application.
Sustained Drug Release from Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels and Hydrogel Coatings
Authors: Andrade del Olmo Jon , Sáez Martínez Virginia , Pérez González Raúl , María Alonso José
Published: April 2022

Biopolymer based hydrogels are three-dimensional physically or chemically crosslinked polymeric networks based on natural polymers, with an intrinsic hydrophilic character due to their functional groups. They display high water content, softness, flexibility, permeability, and biocompatibility and possess a very high affinity for biological fluids. These properties resemble those of many soft living tissues, which opens up many opportunities in the biomedical field. In this regard, hydrogels provide fine systems for drug delivery and sustained release of drugs. Moreover, biopolymer based hydrogels can be applied as coatings on medical implants in order to enhance the biocompatibility of the implants and to prevent medical conditions. In this chapter we review the latest achievements concerning the use of biopolymeric physical and chemically crosslinked hydrogels as well as hydrogel coatings as sustained drug release platforms.
Effects of Enhanced Expectancies and Autonomy Support on Learning Medical Motor Skills
Authors: Dana Amir , Baniasadi Tayebeh , Salehian Mir Hamid , Sarvari Sepideh
Published: April 2022

Background: The optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning (OPTIMAL) theory proposes that enhancing expectancies for future performance and supporting learners’ autonomy facilitate motor performance and learning. However, the effects of these factors on the performance of medical motor skills such as suturing have not been understood. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of enhanced expectancies and autonomy support (AU) on motor performance, learning, and self-efficacy of a medical motor skill. Methods: Participants were 63 right-handed medical students in the pre-clinical stage of their studies (years 1 and 2 of medical education). They were randomly assigned to 3 groups: (a) social-comparative feedback (SCF), (b) AU, and (c) control (CO) groups. A vertical mattress suture was chosen as a motor task. Following the pretest with 2 trials, all participants were exposed to a 5-day practice phase. The retention test was performed 1 week after the practice phase. During the practice phase, the SCF group received positive feedback at the end of the day. The AU group was given the option of choosing the color of silk sutures. The participants in the CO group practiced without any feedback or choosing the color of silk sutures. Suturing quality and self-efficacy were measured as dependent variables. Results: Positive SCF led to a better suturing performance on the retention test; however, AU did not enhance motor learning of a suturing motor task. Moreover, positive SCF increased self-efficacy during the acquisition phase and on the retention test, while AU had no positive effects on self-efficacy. Conclusions: The present findings support the OPTIMAL theory by demonstrating that enhanced expectancies in the form of positive SCF can facilitate learning medical motor skills (i.e., vertical mattress suturing).
Determining the Levels of Acrylamide in Some Traditional Foods Unique to Turkey and Risk Assessment
Authors: Basaran Burhan , Faiz Ozlem
Published: April 2022

: In this study, exposure risk assessment was made by determining the acrylamide levels of some traditional foods frequently consumed by the Turkish society and registered geographical indication. For this purpose, acrylamide levels of 20 traditional foods [7 meat products, 3 loaves of bread, 3 bagels (simit), and 7 desserts] obtained from different bakeries, patisseries, and restaurants were determined by LC-MS/MS. Acrylamide levels were determined between 12.7 - 299 μg/kg in meat products, 11.8 - 69.3 μg/kg in bread, 11.8 - 179 μg/kg in bagels, 11.7 - 85.0 μg/kg in baked desserts, and 32.3 - 527 μg/kg in deep-fried desserts. According to the portion size, the food with the highest acrylamide level in meat products is Adana kebab (17.70 μg/180 g). Formulation and cooking techniques are thought to be the main determinants of acrylamide level detected in traditional foods. Dietary acrylamide exposure was calculated according to the deterministic model. Exposure was calculated as 0.20, 0.53, and 0.98 μg/kg bw per day for good, average and bad scenarios, respectively. The calculated acrylamide exposure value is below the reference values stated by FAO/WHO. The acrylamide dietary exposure was not of concern concerning neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The results can be used to reduce acrylamide levels in foods and risk assessment studies.
Contributing to HathiTrust on a Smaller Scale
Authors: Reinman Suzanne , Nykolaiszyn Juliana , Carr Tabitha
Published: April 2022

In 2021, the Oklahoma State University Library contributed titles from the Bureau of Indian Affairs in their regional depository library collection to the HathiTrust Digital Library. A coordinated effort, this allowed the university library to expand the mission and outreach of the Federal Depository Library Program and also disseminate information and further education as part of the responsibility of a land-grant institution. Contributing Bureau of Indian Affairs materials enhanced the OSU Library’s role as a preservation partner with the Federal Depository Library Program, supported the state with the importance of Native American tribes in Oklahoma, and complemented the goals of the HathiTrust Federal Documents Collection Framework as a key agency to complete as to a comprehensive collection.
Sea of Cycles
Authors: Krieg Paula Beardell
Published: April 2022

This article presents an example of discovering an idea through creative play. After some trial and error, I drew a wonderful image, which I later learned was a two-dimensional view of a four-dimensional shape called tesseract.
Personalizing First-Line Management of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Leveraging Current and Novel Therapeutic Options
Authors: Fitzgerald Kelly N. , Lee Chung-Han
Published: April 2022

The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been revolutionized by advances in immunotherapeutic and targeted agents. Therapeutic approaches to RCC in these categories have recently evolved to include immune checkpoint inhibitors, novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor–targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and combinations of those agents. Multiple regimens within each category have been approved for use in the first-line treatment of clear cell and non–clear cell RCC. However, few of these regimens have been directly compared, leading to a new clinical challenge for physicians: how to select a first-line treatment regimen for an individual patient from among multiple approved options. In the modern era of RCC management, the initial treatment selection therefore becomes highly personalized and depends on numerous patient-specific factors, including histopathologic and clinical features of the disease, comorbid conditions, and psychosocial and economic factors. This review details current first-line treatment options for the management of metastatic RCC and proposes a framework whereby treatment selection can be optimized for individual patients.
A.S.Famintsyn and the intellectual environment of St. Petersburg in the second half of the XIX century: influences and ideas
Authors: Timoshenko Alisa Anatol'evna
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the scientific heritage of the founder of the national ethnointrumology Alexander Sergeyevich Famintsyn. The purpose of the study is to analyze the intellectual environment in which Famintsyn was formed as a scientist and reflect the ideas, methods and achievements of the humanities of the XIX century in his works. The purpose of the proposed article is to consider the main works of the scientist "Deities of the ancient Slavs" and "Buffoons in Russia" in the context of scientific ideas of his time and as the basis of his later instrumental works. The relevance lies in the need to study the period of the beginning of the formation of national ethnoinstrumentology, its methodological foundations, which were laid in the works of Famintsyn. The article analyzes the features of A.S.Famintsyn's scientific method, which consists in the use of a comparative method formed in religious studies and literary studies, the presence of hermeneutical reading of sources. Methodology: the author applied source-based, comparative-historical, system-ethnophonic methods to the study of the topic. The prerequisites for the formation of a scientific picture of the scientist's world (gymnasium years), the influence on the concept of Famintsyn of the national school of literary studies (A. N. Veselovsky, I. I. Sreznevsky), the German comparative mythological school (M. Muller) are considered. The author comes to the conclusion about the fundamental novelty of the approach, which was present in the musicological (instrumental) works of A. S. Famintsyn вЂ“ both by the choice of the object of research (song and instrumental layers of traditional culture), and by the methodology formed within the framework of the comparative method of linguistics and religious studies. The scientific novelty lies in the subject itself - the scientific heritage of A.S.Famintsyn, who has not been the object of a separate study until now. The author comes to the conclusion that the intellectual environment in which Famintsyn-scientist was formed had a direct impact on the specifics of his instrumental works, their methodology, orientation, and source base. An important role in this belonged to the related humanities - philology, history, religious studies, ethnography.
On the question of the secret actions of the United States to support the anti-Soviet campaign in the 1970s and 1980s.
Authors: Yakupov Roman Aleksandrovich , Yakupova Dar'ya Viktorovna
Published: April 2022

Based on the revealed declassified documents, the paper examines previously unknown sources about the attempts of the American government to support various programs of dissent, freedom of speech and mass media in the USSR and countries where the pro-Soviet regime was supported. The subject of the study is the content of foreign intelligence published and declassified documents describing specific US measures to implement covert actions in Afghanistan in order to counteract the influence and strengthen the position of the USSR, as well as support centrifugal trends in the Soviet Union through the organization and financing of programs to support dissent, the development of radio broadcasting, increasing radio coverage areas, assistance in the publication of Samizdat literature, etc. The object of the work is the documentary correspondence of the US President and key figures of the American establishment on the use of resources for the implementation and promotion of anti-Soviet activities. The article reveals previously unknown details of the preparation of options and the implementation of approved programs of covert actions to discredit the Soviet regime as part of the military campaign in Afghanistan, as well as inside the USSR. The sources allow us to highlight the activities of the US Special Coordinating Committee for the preparation of this strategy. The authors draw attention to the complexity of solving financial issues in the American administration, as well as the size of US financial injections to support destructive forces in the Soviet Union. Such evidence from very authoritative sources significantly expands the source base in the scientific coverage of the facts of the implementation of subversive activities of the United States against the USSR in the 1970s and 1980s.
Energy security issues in US and EU foreign policy: comparative analysis
Authors: Starkin Sergey Valer'evich , Pripisnova Elena Sergeevna , Krivov Sergei Valer'evich
Published: April 2022

Energy resources are becoming an increasingly politicized commodity, which at the same time retains special technical and economic characteristics, which complicates the work of the foreign policy leadership. The authors, using a comparative method, conduct a study of the relationship between energy and foreign policy in the EU and the USA through the prism of different cognitive structures used by subjects to assess the landscape of global energy. On this conceptual basis, the authors explore the evolution of the relationship between energy and foreign policy in the EU and the United States: to what extent energy is a useful tool of foreign policy, and, conversely, how deeply the goals of energy policy are embedded in foreign policy. By making such a comparison, the authors identify differences and potential similarities between the EU and the US in this area. Thus, comparing the approaches of the USA and the EU, one can see a tendency towards their convergence. Despite the significant difference in the energy landscape of the EU and the United States, Brussels and Washington agreed that they included a common vision of the global energy architecture in their foreign policy. The use of energy as a political tool, at least in rhetoric, was condemned by both sides. Nevertheless, at the national level, energy issues in the EU are often determined by the foreign policy considerations of a particular country. It is also worth remembering that LNG exports from the United States to Europe are considered to a certain extent as a means of increasing competition for Russian natural gas, as a way to provide US allies with an alternative and help them reduce dependence on Russia, sometimes even as an energy weapon, but in any case as a very effective foreign policy tool.
Formation of competitiveness of future teachers in the university education system.
Authors: Shaikhislamova Nazerke Beikutkyzy , Bulatbaeva Aigul' Abdimazhitovna , Akbaeva Gul'shat Meirkhanovna , Abildaev Bakhytzhan Zhetpisbaevich
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the article is a theoretical and practical justification of the process of forming the competitiveness of a future teacher. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization, modeling, in-depth interviewing. The results of the study: the essence of the competitiveness of the future teacher is determined, the developed model of the process of forming the desired quality is presented, the results of diagnostics are presented. Based on the results of the study of the formation of the competitiveness of future teachers, it was concluded that it is necessary to develop and implement a holistic model of the formation of the desired quality through mentoring and coaching techniques, the development of personal qualities in training training, the development of a system of professional counseling and career guidance. The authors define the competitiveness of the future teacher, substantiate some conditions for its formation. The process of globalization and the variability of the environment today require that society ensure sustainability for itself and its environment throughout life. Therefore, the paradigm of competitiveness of an individual and a specialist is currently changing. For graduates, it is important not only to achieve academic results, but also how they can take into account the likely level of competition in the labor market and be ready to respond flexibly to these changes. The authors of the article, analyzing the psychological and pedagogical literature, come to the conclusion that along with the development of professional qualities, it is necessary to develop habits of leadership, analytical abilities, involvement in public life, active citizenship, as competitive advantages of a specialist.
Cultural and psychological interpretation of the concepts of "development" and "life world"
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: April 2022

The article discusses situations, the theoretical understanding of which involves the introduction of the concept of "life world", as well as a new understanding of human development. To do this, the author implements a cultural and psychological approach and analyzes several cases within this approach. With the exception of the latter, they relate to the events of childhood and the formation of personality in adolescence. In the last case, an example of a spiritual revolution described by L.N. Tolstoy in the novel "Resurrection" is considered. In development, the author suggests distinguishing between the "formation" of the psyche and consciousness, "completion" and development proper as changes occurring within the framework of the life world. В  He loads the latter not only with the characteristics that E. Husserl wrote about, but also culturological (the life world does not change in its structural characteristics for a long time, but then leaves, and another takes its place) and psychological. The author refers to psychological processes not only the influence of the life world, but also the process of constituting a new objectivity, including the crystallization of a problem situation, the unconscious reaction of the psyche and physicality to it, the conscious construction of schemes and other semiotic representations (symbols, metaphors, narratives), the emergence of a new reality, understanding and vision, finally, creating conditions for a new act.
The category of mood in the Tatar translation of the work "One Thousand and One Nights"
Authors: Gilemshin Fler Foatovich
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the verbs used in the work "One Thousand and One Nights". The object of the study is the Tatar translation of the famous collection of fairy tales published in the printing house of Kazan University in 1897-1899. The author of the Tatar version of the work "One Thousand and One Nights" is the famous educator, translator and writer Fatih Khalidi. This work was widely popular among the Tatar people and had a significant impact on the formation of morphological norms of the modern Tatar literary language. The development of the plot, the dynamics of actions in them are built on verbal lexemes denoting eventfulness. They also contain emotionally expressive, interrogative-exclamation constructions, in which a significant place is also given to verb forms. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the features of the use of verbs in the work "One Thousand and One Nights" have not been sufficiently studied in Tatar linguistics. The factual material for the analysis was selected by the continuous sampling method. The analysis was carried out using descriptive, comparative-historical methods. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the activity of using verbs is associated with the narrative nature of the work. A feature of the collection of fairy tales is also the predominance of verbs in the form of the main voice, other voices are presented more passively. In the work "One Thousand and One Nights", the mode of action of verbs is presented in an analytical way, in which auxiliary verbs actively participate. They actively functioned in the language of the period under study, and most of them are widely used in the modern Tatar language.
State-of-the-art violence detection techniques in video surveillance security systems: a systematic review
Authors: Omarov Batyrkhan , Narynov Sergazi , Zhumanov Zhandos , Gumar Aidana , Khassanova Mariyam
Published: April 2022

We investigate and analyze methods to violence detection in this study to completely disassemble the present condition and anticipate the emerging trends of violence discovery research. In this systematic review, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the video violence detection problems that have been described in state-of-the-art researches. This work aims to address the problems as state-of-the-art methods in video violence detection, datasets to develop and train real-time video violence detection frameworks, discuss and identify open issues in the given problem. In this study, we analyzed 80 research papers that have been selected from 154 research papers after identification, screening, and eligibility phases. As the research sources, we used five digital libraries and three high ranked computer vision conferences that were published between 2015 and 2021. We begin by briefly introducing core idea and problems of video-based violence detection; after that, we divided current techniques into three categories based on their methodologies: conventional methods, end-to-end deep learning-based methods, and machine learning-based methods. Finally, we present public datasets for testing video based violence detectionmethods’ performance and compare their results. In addition, we summarize the open issues in violence detection in videoand evaluate its future tendencies.
Quality Evalution of Nigeria Base-masa from Broken Rice Enriched with African Yam Bean and Cricket Flour Blends
Authors: Kure O. A. , Ibrahim S. , Inikpi I. Z.
Published: April 2022

This research work highlight the production and nutritional quality of Nigeria base -Masa from broken rice enriched with African yam bean and cricket blends was investigated. Blends of different proportions of broken rice, African yam bean and cricket were prepared at 100 %, 80/0/20 %, 80/20/0 % and 80/10/10 % respectively. The proximate, vitamins and minerals, antinutrients contents and sensory evaluation of the Masa products were determined.  The data obtained showed that moisture, protein, fat, ash carbohydrates and energy contents ranged from 38.46-44.48 %, 5.60-15.32 %, 0.71-9.71 %, 0.51-3.17 %, 0.61-0.79 %, 26.71-54.13 % and 245.25-270.77 kcal/100g respectively. The range values for vitamins and minerals are β-carotene (0.34-12.33 µg/100g), vitamin C (0.52-10.61 mg/100g), potassium (24.93-37.87 mg/100g), calcium (142.03-284.11 mg/100g), phosphorus (64.89-127.71 mg/100g), and iron (22.06-50.67 mg/100g). The antinutrients ranged from 0.095-1.860 mg/100g for alkaloids, 0.535-2.600 mg/100g for tannins, 0.040-1.550 mg/100g for phytates and 0.015-0.285 mg/100g for oxalates. The colour, aroma, taste, texture and general acceptability of the sensory attributes results ranged from 6.13-7.73, 6.60-7.07, 6.27-7.33, 5.93-6.73 and 6.67-7.73 respectively, however masa produced from sample 250 (100:0:0 % broken rice:African yam bean: cricket ) and 252 (80:20:0 Broken rice: African yam bean:cricket) substitution were generally accepted more than other Masa samples.
Studies on the Effect of Preharvest Sprays of Gibberellic Acid and Benzyl Adenine on Postharvest Vase Life of Gypsophila (Gypsophila paniculata L.) CV. Star World
Authors: Akshitha S. , Girwani A. , Prasanth P. , Joshi Veena
Published: April 2022

The impact of gibberellic acid (GA3) and benzyl adenine (BA) dose and application timing on vase life of gypsophila was examined. Freshly cut gypsophila flower stalks with pre harvest sprays of  growth regulators G1- GA3 at 150 ppm, G2- GA3 at 300 ppm, G3- GA3 at 450 ppm, G4- BA at 150 ppm, G5- BA at 300 ppm, G6- BA at 450 ppm, distilled water spray - G7 and were applied twice at S1- 30 and S2-at 30 and 45 days after pruning are harvested from the experimental plot early in the morning when 30 to 40% of flowers in the stalk open and held in vases containing 3 % sucrose solution flower stalks are harvested from the experimental plot early in the morning when 30 to 40% of flowers in the stalk open and held in vases Water absorption, fresh weight change, water loss by transpiration, physiological weight loss, 50 % discolouration and vase life. Among all the treatments, the flowers sprayed with GA3 at 450 ppm and single spray recorded maximum water uptake (13.19 g), transpirational loss of water (6.19), fresh weight change (62.51 %), dry weight of flowers (2.09), 50 per cent discolouration (13.41 days), Vase life (14 days) and minimum physiological loss in weight (1.78 g).