bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magmatic evolution in Devonian granitic rocks and relation to granophile mineralization in New Brunswick: application of biotite trace element mapping with EPMA and LA-ICP-MS
Authors: Azadbakht Z , Lentz D R , McFarlane C R M
Published: June 2015

Two suites of felsic intrusions were emplaced during the later parts of the Appalachian orogenic cycle in New Brunswick. However, just those associated with crustal thickening processes of Acadian orogeny, post Acadian uplift, and Neoacadian orogeny are
mineralized with granophile elements to form Sn, W, Mo, Cu, Bi, Sb, and Au deposits, as well as Ta, Li, base-metals, and U mineralization. Biotite major element classification indicated that these intrusions are mostly A- and S-type granitoids and their hybrid varieties; some I-type granitoids are
also present in the area.
Magmatic biotite from forty-two of these Devonian intrusions was studied by electron microprobe (EPMA) and LA -ICP-MS at the University of New Brunswick. Whereas major elements are typically constant from core to rim, biotite grains can show remarkable trace element zoning. LA-ICP-MS trace element
maps were also produced when permitted by the size of the biotite, frequency of the mineral inclusions, degree of alteration, and the laser spot size required to achieve sub-ppm detection limits. In this study, unaltered biotite grains with minor mineral inclusions, and diameters larger than 300 ?m,
display trace-element zoning patterns. Furthermore, smaller biotite tends to be more susceptible to intracrystalline diffusion. As a result, their elemental zoning should be further studied and cross -checked with other characteristics.
Results of this study showed LILE zoning, including Cs, Ba, and Rb, for most of the biotite grains. As these elements are highly incompatible, any zoning can be a result of the magma evolution history recorded within the biotite crystalline structure. Any other trace element pattern following them
will also be of an igneous source. For example, biotite grains from the Pleasant Ridge granite show an increase from core to rim for Cs and Sn and a decrease for W and Sc. Copper is also high along the cleavages where biotite is weakly altered to chlorite. These observations coupled with an increase
in F/Cl content from 770 to 1300 indicate that fractional crystallisation of this granite led to Sn mineralization. Tin is positively correlated with Fe/(Fe+Mg), but negatively correlated with FeT/ Ti; this relationship may indicate that the Sn content of biotite increases with low fo2 and low
temperatures as indicated by the iron/magnesium ratio.
According to the results, the use of biotite as an indicator of trace element changes within granitic systems was achieved; with the help of other types of data, the composition of biotite may be a useful tool to indicate a difference between barren and mineralized granophile-element rich
systems.
Biotite chemistry as a monitor of magma fertility and mineralisation potential: results from the Devonian granitoids of New Brunswick
Authors: Azadbakht Z , Lentz D R , McFarlane C R M , Rogers N
Published: June 2015

There are over 150 granitoid intrusions in the New Brunswick; however, all the mineralised intrusions formed in relation to Acadian and Neoacadian orogenic phases of Appalachian accretion. These granitoids range in age from 423 to 360 Ma, and include examples of
pre-, syn-, late-, and post-tectonic emplacement with affinities ranging from primitive to highly evolved A-, S-, and I-types granitoids along with their hybrid varieties. Many of these are spatially and temporally related to specific styles of mineralization, producing deposits of Sn, Ta, Li, Sb,
W, Mo, Cu, and Au, as well as other base-metals and U.
Igneous biotite crystallises over a wide range of conditions and reacts very sensitively to physio-chemical conditions like halogen and oxygen fugacities, pressure, temperature and chemical composition of the magmas. This sensitivity makes biotite a suitable mineral for identifying the petrogenetic
processes, mineralization and alteration of the host granitic rocks. The following features make biotite a valuable probe of magma composition: i) It is the most important reservoir of any excess aluminium in granites that do not contain modal garnet, cordierite, or the Al2SiO5 polymorphs;
therefore, it directly reflects the peraluminosity of the host magma in such rocks; ii) it is the most readily available indicator of oxidation state; and iii) it can provide information about the F and Cl composition of the magma.
Previous studies have shown that biotite, and to lesser extent hornblende and magnetite, continuously equilibrates with host liquids. Consequently, a core-to-rim study of these minerals and their compositional zoning can provide a record of magma evolution so that the origin and evolution of
granitoids can be documented. The aim of this study is to calculate fluoride and chloride activity of aqueous fluids based on measuring F and Cl contents in the minerals containing hydroxyl and halogens, using a combination of electron microprobe and Laser Ablation ICP-MS. These data will be
combined and compared with whole-rock trace element geochemistry. The results are expected to help constrain crystallisation conditions, volatile exsolution, and fluorine-chlorine activity of fluids associated with these intrusions, and also to examine the degree of subsolidus re-equilibration using
various geothermobarometry techniques. By linking these results to the various styles/types of granitoids and their associated mineralisation it is hoped to establish biotite composition as a robust indicator of an intrusions ore potential.
Magmatic biotite and its use to distinguish barren and mineralized granitic systems in New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Azadbakht Z , Lentz D R , McFarlane C R M
Published: June 2015

Forty-two different Devonian granitoid intrusions in New Brunswick were studied for this project. They formed by crustal growth processes during the Acadian orogeny, post-Acadian uplift, and Neoacadian orogeny and most are associated with granophile element
deposits, such as Sn, W, Mo, Cu, Bi, In, Sb, Au, and possibly Ta and Li, as well as base-metals and U mineralization. These intrusions were emplaced pre-, syn-, late-, and posttectonically between 423 and 360 Ma with affinities ranging from primitive to highly evolved A-, S-, and I-types granitoids.
The aim of this study is to find a way to differentiate barren and mineralized granitic systems using biotite compositional systematics since it is highly sensitive to physico-chemical changes of its host, and continuously reequilibrates with host and derivative fluids. Therefore, core to rim
studies of this mineral and analysis of its compositional zoning may reveal the origin and evolution history of the hosting granitoid and the different types of associated mineralization. Mineralized and barren granitoids are characterized by different chemical variations in biotite. For instance,
biotite from a mineralized granitoid is characterized by lower Mg and Ti, and higher Al content relative to biotite from a barren granitoid. A combination of electron microprobe (EPMA) and laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) was used to identify major, minor, trace elements, and halogen contents of
biotite; these results were used to calculate fluoride and chloride activity of aqueous fluids associated with these intrusions, based on F and Cl contents in the mineral.*** Microprobe studies indicated homogeneous intragranular major element composition; crystallization temperature was
calculated using Ti-In-biotite geothermometer, which gave a range of 670 to 750 ± 25°C . However, hydroxyl exchange biotite-apatite thermometer confirmed sub-solidus processes disturbed these systems resulting in a lower temperature around 300. Biotite grains from the highly fractionated
bodies of the Pleasant Ridge, Mount Pleasant, and Kedron granites show the highest fluorine contents, ranging from 4.5 wt.% to 6.5 wt.%.
Trace element changes within the biotite lattice were measured using LA-ICP-MS. Interestingly, almost all of studied grains show Cs, Ba, and Rb zoning relative to K. These patterns were followed by Co, Cu, K, Li, Be, Sn, W, Ti, Sc, Ni, B, and V. Large ionic charge and radius make it difficult for
elements to join or leave any crystalline structure; therefore, any Cs or Ba zoning could be of an igneous origin. As a result, any other elemental pattern following those could be a result of magmatic evolution, which has been recorded by the biotite crystal growth. Based on the results of this
project, the concept of using biotite composition to help identify fertile Acadian magma systems has been established; however, more work needs to be done to define characteristics of different magmatic processes.
Methodology for solute characterization of fluid inclusions by petrographic and SEM/EDS complementary analysis
Authors: Tweedale F , Hanley J J , Kontak D J , Rogers N
Published: June 2015

A cost-effective, simple, and time-efficient method to determine the bulk composition of fluid inclusions is evaporate mound analysis. This method is semi-quantitative and determines inclusion composition by integrating SEM imaging with energy-dispersive analysis
of precipitates, or mounds, produced by thermal decrepitation of fluid-inclusions. The method is applicable to magmatic-hydrothermal systems where fluid inclusions contain solute ions (e.g., Na, K, Ca, Cl, F). In order to assess the application of this method for evaluating hydrothermal evolution
and metal fertility with regards to intrusion-related mineralisation, a test study is being conducted on the large (7800 km2) and variably mineralized (e.g., Sn, W, Cu, U, Mo, Ta) South Mountain Batholith (SMB) of Nova Scotia.
Decrepitate mounds were analyzed using a LEO 1450VP (SEM) imaging system linked to an Oxford X-Max 80 mm2 SDD detector energy-dispersive detector. Based on decrepitating over a range of temperatures, from 325°C to 500°C, it appears that T = 500°C is optimal to produce large,
well-shaped, and readily identifiable mounds. To optimize analysis time and, hence, increase research efficiency while maintaining result accuracy, data were collected with 5, 10, and 30 second acquisition times. The number of analyses required to produce representative results was also tested by
comparing the results for 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 mound analyses for individual samples. Results indicate that optimal procedures require multiple (N = 12) point-mode analyses on individual decrepitate mounds to substantiate mound heterogeneity, and that in order to accurately reflect in-situ
fractionation a single, 10 second raster-mode analysis is the best approach.
These optimal analytical protocols are being applied to a regional study of the SMB to determine their suitability as mineral fertility indicator and/or vector to ore mineralisation. This test case is the first of its kind conducted on a batholithic scale, with the resulting methodological protocols
being readily exportable for the mineral fertility assessment of other regions. Data interpretation protocols integrate a granitic petrographic alteration index, fluid inclusion types, density and evaporate mound chemistry. Samples are chosen such that the entire batholith may be assessed, with all
mapped lithologies represented. Fluid compositions determined thus far include brines with 5-20 % fluorine, which is quantitatively indeterminable using other methods, and has been linked as primary control on the transport and deposition of ore in porphyry- and greisen-style
mineralisation.
Symbolising salvation: A semiotic analysis of the church as a transformative communication system in the world
Authors: Van Rheede van Oudtshoorn D. Andre
Published: June 2015

This article considers the church from a semiotic and systems-theory perspective as a revelatory symbol of the salvation-historical acts of God for and in the world. The church,as a communicative field of encounter between God and humans as well as between humans amongst each other, creates space for symbols that may be utilised to realise further encounters. At the same time, the church also operates as a communicative symbol in her own right which may be �read� and �interpreted� by others. The church as an operational system is shown to generate revelatory symbols to the world through her separation from,engagement with and being directed towards the world. The church is shown to exist and operate in dynamic conflict with the world as well as with the Kingdom of God through the overcoming presence of the Holy Spirit within her. An operational communicative system model of the church indicates that the church is an alternating rather than alternative community, which ensures ideological relevance as well as theological difference between the church and the world.Interdisciplinary and/or intradisciplinary implications: This article utilises insights from the fields of semiotics and systems theory within a practical-theological ecclesiology, there by providing new perspectives on the church. The article also interacts with aspects of systematic theological ecclesiology.
“Demolición de la trinidad” boceto de Jenaro Pérez Villaamil. Documento fundamental para conocer la antigua iglesia de Santiago de Guadalajara
Authors: Trallero Sanz Antonio Miguel
Published: June 2015

La ciudad de Guadalajara contó hasta el siglo XIX con diez templos parroquiales, que unidos a los catorce conventos y un gran número de otro tipo de edificios religiosos hacían de la función religiosa una de las más importantes de la ciudad.

Desamortización, supresión de parroquias, guerras y desidia hicieron que gran parte del patrimonio arquitectónico religioso se perdiera.

Uno de estos edificios desaparecidos fue el antiguo templo parroquial de Santiago.

Gracias a los documentos gráficos conservados, pero fundamentalmente gracias a un boceto a mano alzada de Jenaro Pérez Villaamil podemos aproximarnos a las características arquitectónicas y constructivas de este edificio.
Relaciones proyectivas en la arquitectura del Carmen Blanco
Authors: Rivas López Esteban José
Published: June 2015

El trabajo pretende indagar sobre los denominados de modo clásico como Instrumentos de Control Formal dela Arquitectura que hubieron de ser empleados en el proceso de proyectación delCarmen Blanco, edificación que actualmente podemos contemplar dominando la ciudad de Granada desdesu posición estratégica sobre la colina del Mauror. Efectuando una aproximación al referenteobjeto de estudio con las herramientas del análisis arquitectónico, se hadescubierto como la traza del edificio parte de undesarrollo con base en la razón de proporción cordobesa como regla primigenia, quees suplementado por la sección aurea y su gnomonpara el dimensionamiento y posicionamiento de determinados elementosauxiliares.Estos resultados en superposición a los de investigaciones anterioresrelacionadas con la génesis del Carmen, corroboran que sin duda alguna nosencontramos ante una arquitectura trazada de manos de un arquitecto, elgranadino José Felipe Giménez Lacal.
Cabecera cuadrada renacentista con bóveda pseudo-esférica cruzada en la iglesia Santiago de Orihuela (Alicante)
Authors: López González Antonio Luis
Published: June 2015

Jerónimo Quijano fue uno de los ilustres arquitectos destacados del Renacimiento  pleno en España. Su obra, la iglesia de Santiago en Orihuela -Alicante- posee una Capilla Mayor renacentista, de carácter funerario, de planta central y adosada a una nave gótica. Destaca su bóveda superior de 4 pares de arcos entrecruzados y revirados.  Al ser dobles se reduce la superficie central  de plementería y se gana en resistencia. Es de complicada geometría esférica y cuadrada a la vez: bóveda pseudo-vaída (esférica solo hasta los arcos exteriores) y plementería lateral adaptándose a la planta cuadrada. Supone  la fusión de la antigüedad clásica con la tradición hispanomusulmana.

Como referencia,  se estudia sucintamente la Capilla Benavides en Baeza - Jaén-, obra de Andrés de Vandelvira e incluida en el tratado de arquitectura de su hijo Alonso, la cual  plantea un gran espacio cuadrado cubierto por una bóveda vaída y reforzada por 4 arcos entrecruzados.
El dibujante digital. Dibujo a mano alzada sobre tabletas digitales
Authors: Amado Lorenzo Antonio , Fraga López Fernando
Published: June 2015

La aparición de las tabletas digitales hacia 2010 como alternativa a los ordenadores portátiles supuso una revolución en la relación de los usuarios con los dispositivos informáticos. El desarrollo de aplicaciones de dibujo específicas para estos nuevos dispositivos ha supuesto además, para los dibujantes, una inesperada y novedosa herramienta de expresión gráfica.
Atención visual en la evaluación de espacios arquitectónicos
Authors: Iñarra Abad Susana , Juan Vidal Francisco , Llinares Millán Carmen , Guixeres Provinciale Jaime
Published: June 2015

El análisis del comportamiento visual ante un determinado estímulo supone una herramienta de estudio de la respuesta más inmediata e instintiva del observador. La reciente accesibilidad a la tecnología capaz de rastrear y registrar el recorrido de la mirada ante la observación de un estímulo, ha puesto un interés creciente en cómo las personas observamos nuestro entorno.

Aquellos estudios en los que se ha medido simultáneamente la respuesta subjetiva del observador  y su recorrido visual, permiten establecer que existe una relación entre el modo de observar la imagen y la atención visual del observador ante la imagen.
El presente artículo describe un estudio experimental en el que hemos aplicado esta nueva técnica de análisis visual a la observación de imágenes empleadas en recientes concursos de arquitectura. La contribución de estas herramientas de medida de la respuesta fisiológica puede suponer un gran avance en el análisis de la percepción del observador.
Espacio geográfico, topografía, cartografía y planificación
Authors: Maza Vázquez Francisco
Published: June 2015

El urbanismo es una disciplina que converge entre el estudio del espacio ocupado por un determinado territorio y su ordenación. Las características físicas, geográficas e históricas de ese territorio se conocen a través de la topografía y la cartografía, y son estas disciplinas la base gráfica sobre la que se sustenta la ordenación. Sobre ellas se plasma el estado actual del territorio objeto de estudio, se señalan las pautas de la planificación y se grafía el territorio reformado; haciéndolas pues indispensables en el proceso de transformación y ordenación territorial.
En el presente artículo se expone y se justifica la necesidad de emplear la topografía y la cartografía en el análisis del espacio geográfico a ordenar, así como la relación existente entre la geografía, la cartografía y la planificación territorial.
Abstracción, transparencia, sistema. Sobre algunas de las estructuras gráficas que definen la identidad moderna
Authors: Ampliato Briones Antonio Luis
Published: June 2015

Este artículo, en torno a los tres conceptos recogidos en su título (abstracción, transparencia, sistema) propone una mirada sintética sobre la evolución de los procesos gráficos arquitectónicos en el Edad Moderna. La atención se centra en la identificación de algunos aspectos estructurales específicos que surgieron de este ciclo histórico en relación con el dibujo, el arte y la arquitectura. El objetivo no es poner de manifiesto lo que fue sino lo que hemos heredado, quedando impreso en el código genético de nuestros instrumentos contemporáneos.
Intervenciones en la basílica de Santo Stefano Rotondo (Roma)
Authors: D’Aquino Riccardo
Published: June 2015

El artículo ilustra la metodología, los criterios y las opciones proyectuales barajadas en la intervención de reintegración visual y material de los antiguos pavimentos de la histórica basílica de Santo Stefano Rotondo. El autor razona sobre las alternativas barajadas y su diversa implicación, en una intervención caracterizada por su esmero y su exquisito detalle en el concepto y la ejecución. En una segunda parte del texto, el autor realiza una reflexión similar y paralela en la tarea de proyectar la iluminación del conjunto y diseñar las luminarias adecuadas en cada caso en base a la atmósfera que se deseaba para el espacio y las connotaciones propias de los tipos y las formas de luminarias proyectadas. No obstante la antigüedad y carácter venerable dificultaba en gran medida cualquier tipo de actuación, esta intervención ha obtenido un resultado especialmente delicado con las preexistencias.
Restauración de la Casa de Convalescencia de Vic, Barcelona
Authors: Vives José Luis , Bassa Victoria , Ayala Nuria
Published: June 2015

El texto presenta un recorrido detallado por la historia, la construcción y el estado de conservación de este edificio y su estructura previo a su intervención, como interesante testimonio de las técnicas constructivas de los maestros de obra de la época barroca y neoclásica local. Acto seguido, presenta el programa funcional del mismo para agencia de emprendimiento, innovación y conocimiento del ayuntamiento de la localidad y los criterios de intervención empleados que han servido de guía a la restauración. De particular interés resulta el análisis de la construcción histórica principalmente realizada con muros de tapia y bóvedas tabicadas, la reparación de los aleros de madera con prótesis del mismo material y la intervención en las bóvedas tabicadas existentes recurriendo a la tradición constructiva local para reparar, reforzar o incluso reconstruir algunas bóvedas perdidas.
Long-range transport of black carbon to the Pacific Ocean and its dependence on aging timescale
Authors: Zhang J. , Liu J. , Tao S. , Ban-Weiss G. A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Improving the ability of global models to predict concentrations of black carbon (BC) over the Pacific Ocean is essential to evaluate the impact of BC on marine climate. In this study, we tag BC tracers from 13 source regions around the globe in a global chemical transport model MOZART-4. Numerous sensitivity simulations are carried out varying the aging timescale of BC emitted from each source region. The aging timescale for each source region is optimized by minimizing errors in vertical profiles of BC mass mixing ratios between simulations and HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO). For most HIPPO deployments, in the Northern Hemisphere, optimized aging timescales are less than half a day for BC emitted from tropical and mid-latitude source regions, and about 1 week for BC emitted from high latitude regions in all seasons except summer. We find that East Asian emissions contribute most to the BC loading over the North Pacific, while South American, African and Australian emissions dominate BC loadings over the South Pacific. Dominant source regions contributing to BC loadings in other parts of the globe are also assessed. The lifetime of BC originating from East Asia (i.e., the world's largest BC emitter) is found to be only 2.2 days, much shorter than the global average lifetime of 4.9 days, making East Asia's contribution to global burden only 36 % of BC from the second largest emitter, Africa. Thus, evaluating only relative emission rates without accounting for differences in aging timescales and deposition rates is not predictive of the contribution of a given source region to climate impacts. Our simulations indicate that lifetime of BC increases nearly linearly with aging timescale for all source regions. When aging rate is fast, the lifetime of BC is largely determined by factors that control local deposition rates (e.g. precipitation). The sensitivity of lifetime to aging timescale depends strongly on the initial hygroscopicity of freshly emitted BC. Our findings suggest that the aging timescale of BC varies significantly by region and season, and can strongly influence the contribution of source regions to BC burdens around the globe. Improving parameterizations of the aging process for BC is important for enhancing the predictive skill of air quality and climate models. Future observations that investigate the evolution of hygroscopicity of BC as it ages from different source regions to the remote atmosphere are urgently needed.
Effects of emission reductions on organic aerosol in the southeastern United States
Authors: Blanchard C. L. , Hidy G. M. , Shaw S. , Baumann K. , Edgerton E. S.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Long-term (1999 to 2013) data from the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) network are used to characterize the effects of anthropogenic emission reductions on fine particle organic aerosol (OA) concentrations in the southeastern US. On average, 45 % (range 25 to 63 %) of the 1999 to 2013 mean organic carbon (OC) concentrations are attributed to combustion processes, including fossil-fuel use and biomass burning, through associations of measured OC with combustion products such as elemental carbon (EC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The 2013 mean combustion-derived OC concentrations were 0.5 to 1.4 μg m−3 at the five sites operating in that year. Mean annual combustion-derived OC concentrations declined from 3.8 ± 0.2 μg m−3 (68 % of total OC) to 1.4 ± 0.1 μg m−3 (60 % of total OC) between 1999 and 2013 at the urban Atlanta, Georgia, site (JST) and from 2.9 ± 0.4 μg m−3 (39 % of total OC) to 0.7 ± 0.1 μg m−3 (30 % of total OC) between 2001 and 2013 at the urban Birmingham, Alabama, site (BHM). The urban OC declines coincide with reductions of motor-vehicle emissions between 2006 and 2010, which may have decreased mean OC concentrations at the urban SEARCH sites by > 2 μg m−3. BHM additionally exhibits a decline in OC associated with SO2 from 0.4 ± 0.04 μg m−3 in 2001 to 0.2 ± 0.03 μg m−3 in 2013, interpreted as the result of reduced emissions from industrial sources within the city. Analyses using non-soil potassium as a biomass-burning tracer indicate that biomass-burning OC occurs throughout the year at all sites. All eight SEARCH sites show an association of OC with sulfate (SO4) ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 μg m−3 on average, representing ~ 25 % of the 1999 to 2013 mean OC concentrations. Because the mass of OC associated with SO4 averages 20 to 30 % of the SO4 concentrations, the mean SO4-associated OC declined by ~ 0.5 to 1 μg m−3 as SO4 decreased throughout the SEARCH region. The 2013 mean SO4 concentrations of 1.7 to 2.0 μg m−3 imply that future decreases in mean SO4-associated OC concentrations would not exceed ~ 0.3 to 0.5 μg m−3. Seasonal OC concentrations, largely associated with ozone (O3), vary from 0.3 to 1.4 μg m−3 (~ 20 % of the total OC concentrations).
Reservoir characterization of the Upper Jurassic geothermal target formations (Molasse Basin, Germany): role of thermofacies as exploration tool
Authors: Homuth S. , Götz A. E. , Sass I.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The Upper Jurassic carbonates of the southern German Molasse Basin are the target of numerous geothermal combined heat and power production projects since the year 2000. A production-orientated reservoir characterization is therefore of high economic interest. Outcrop analogue studies enable reservoir property prediction by determination and correlation of lithofacies-related thermo- and petrophysical parameters. A thermofacies classification of the carbonate formations serves to identify heterogeneities and production zones. The hydraulic conductivity is mainly controlled by tectonic structures and karstification, whilst the type and grade of karstification is facies related. The rock permeability has only a minor effect on the reservoir's sustainability. Physical parameters determined on oven-dried samples have to be corrected, applying reservoir transfer models to water-saturated reservoir conditions. To validate these calculated parameters, a Thermo-Triaxial-Cell simulating the temperature and pressure conditions of the reservoir is used and calorimetric and thermal conductivity measurements under elevated temperature conditions are performed. Additionally, core and cutting material from a 1600 m deep research drilling and a 4850 m (total vertical depth, measured depth: 6020 m) deep well is used to validate the reservoir property predictions. Under reservoir conditions a decrease in permeability of 2–3 magnitudes is observed due to the thermal expansion of the rock matrix. For tight carbonates the matrix permeability is temperature-controlled; the thermophysical matrix parameters are density-controlled. Density increases typically with depth and especially with higher dolomite content. Therefore, thermal conductivity increases; however the dominant factor temperature also decreases the thermal conductivity. Specific heat capacity typically increases with increasing depth and temperature. The lithofacies-related characterization and prediction of reservoir properties based on outcrop and drilling data demonstrates that this approach is a powerful tool for exploration and operation of geothermal reservoirs.
Influence of environmental factors on spectral characteristic of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Inner Mongolia Plateau, China
Authors: Wen Z. D. , Song K. S. , Zhao Y. , Du J. , Ma J. H.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Spectral characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) were examined in conjunction with environmental factors in the waters of 22 rivers and 26 terminal waters in Hulun Buir plateau, northeast China. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP) were significantly higher in terminal waters than rivers waters (p < 0.01). Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that non-water light absorption and anthropogenic nutrient disturbances might be the causes of the diversity of water quality parameters in Hulun Buir plateau. CDOM absorption in river waters was significantly lower than terminal waters (p < 0.01). Analysis of ratio of absorption at 250–365 nm (E250 : 365), specific UV absorbance (SUVA254), and spectral slope ratio (Sr) indicated that CDOM in river waters had higher aromaticity, molecular weight, and vascular plant contribution than in terminal waters. Furthermore, results showed that DOC concentration, CDOM light absorption, and the proportion of autochthonous sources of CDOM in plateau waters were all higher than in other freshwater rivers reported in the literature. The strong evapoconcentration, intense ultraviolet irradiance and landscape features of Hulun Buir plateau may be responsible for the above phenomenon. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the environmental variables TSM, TN, and EC had a strong correlation with light absorption characteristics, followed by TDS and chlorophyll a. In most sampling locations, CDOM was the dominant non-water light-absorbing substance. Light absorption by non-algal particles often exceeded that by phytoplankton in the plateau waters. Study of these optical-physicochemical correlations is helpful in the evaluation of the potential influence of water quality factors on non-water light absorption in cold plateau water environments. And the study on organic carbon in plateau lakes had a vital contribution to global carbon balance estimation.
Post-Feminist Puritanism: Teaching (and Learning from) The Lowell Offering in the 21st Century
Authors: Appel Sara
Published: June 2015

Based on an analysis of classroom discussions and online reading responses, this essay explores how an all-women group of University of Pittsburgh undergraduates responded to The Lowell Offering, a collection of writings by mid-19th century women textile workers. While Facebook Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg equates “leaning in” to claim one’s place in the male-dominated corporate world with youthful feminist success, what to make of the inspiration these ambitious women students found in puritanical representations of self-sacrificial factory girls? Far from being a sign of substantive progress in women’s rights, the author argues that the “post-feminist” discursive environment shaping these students’ sense of themselves as twenty-first century women workers is rather a symptom of the mutually reinforcing relationship between neoliberal market imperatives and traditional femininity.
Bringing Climate Into the Classroom: Inside a Teaching Retreat Around Naomi Klein’s This Changes Everything
Authors: Bigelow Bill , Kelly Alex , McKenna Katie
Published: June 2015

Jill Howdyshell lives and teaches 5th grade in Togiak, a small Yu’pik fishing village in southwestern Alaska. In Togiak, harvesting berries is a practice that goes back countless generations. The berries are the key ingredient in akutaq, called eskimo ice cream. In her classes, Howdyshell’s students write identity poems with lines proclaiming “I am from akutaq,” and describing cherished excursions with parents and grandparents. In 2014, residents discovered that there would be no berries that year: the tundra had not frozen for a sufficient length of time for the berries to regenerate. With a dramatic rise in temperatures, Yu’pik people can no longer rely on digging deep into the permafrost to store food in makeshift freezers. And most distressing: as a result of rising seas, during the next few years, Yu’pik people will be forced to relocate large parts of their community.
Contributors' Notes
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: June 2015

N/A
Heavy metals pollution of Kotlin Island in the Gulf of Finland
Authors: Kurilenko Vitalii , Osmolovskaya Natalia
Published: June 2015

The current environmental state of Kotlin Island and coastal areas reflects the negative impact of industry, transport and urban utilities that has lead to increased heavy metal content in soils, in terrestrial and aquatic vegetation and in the water of the Gulf of Finland. Based on the analysis of pollutant metals in roots and shoots of native plants grown on Kotlin Island, species with high metal-accumulating capacity have been identified. Of these, there were dandelion and coltsfoot demonstrating high mobility in heavy metals Zn especially upward transfer. These could therefore be promising as bioindicators and phytoremediators of polluted areas pointing to origins of contamination. The presence of heavy metal contamination in the coastal waters of the gulf and its variability along the coastline is regarded as dependent on multiple sources of pollution associated with Kotlin Island, namely industrial and municipal waste waters, ship and vehicle traffic, aerosol deposits, contamination by dredging activity in a new port as well as the result of metals leaching from the soils of the island (Zn, Cu, Ni). Metal-accumulating coastal plants such as cane can be a source of secondary pollution of the gulf waters during their seasonal decomposition. The data showed significantly elevated concentrations of Ni, Zn and Cd in the hair of children living in the town of Kronstadt located on Kotlin Island that confirms the adequacy of the proposed indicating methodology and shows the unfavorable environmental situation in the region.
Rough and Tumble Play and gender in kindergarten: Perceptions of kindergarten teachers
Authors: Koustourakis Gerasimos S , Rompola Christina , Asimaki Anna
Published: June 2015

The first purpose of this research, which was carried out using questionnaire and semi-structures interview, was to examine the types of Rough and Tumble Play (RTP) that are played in the Greek kindergarten school. The second aim of this study was to identify the kindergarten teachers' perceptions on RTP as well as their reactions in the cases that pupils are engaged in RTP in their schools. The findings of the research, in which 67 female kindergarten teachers took part, suggested that the forms of RTP that include competition and intense physical contact are played almost exclusively by boys. More specifically these types of RTP are fighting/wrestling, punching and hitting, open hand slapping and pile on, which, according to the kindergarten teachers, correspond to boys and they put them in the list of the forbidden plays, as reported by the school rules they establish in their schools. Thus, when the kindergarten teachers realize that their students play some of the specific RTP intervene in order to stop it, so that there is not a possibility of injury.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL DETECTION OF EMERGING TICK-BORNE ZOONOTIC PATHOGENS IN IXODID TICK SPECIES
Authors: Narantsatsral S , Myagmarsuren P , Davaasuren P , Enkhtaivan B , Battsetseg B , Battur B
Published: June 2015

Tick infestation activity has increased in Mongolia in recent years. Rickettsiosis, ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease and Q fever are all tick borne zoonoses. We aimed to survey dispersal of these zoonotic disease agents in vector tick population by amolecular diagnostic method. In total, 1462 ticks were harbored from various geographical regions of Mongolia. Genomic DNA was extracted from 400 pasture ticks(Dermacentornuttalli, Dermacentordaghestanicus, Hyalommadromedarii, Hyalommaas. asiaticum) and 100 forest ticks (Ixodespersulcatus). PCR was performed to detect zoonotic pathogens and the prevalence of Rickettsia spp., was 12.5 % and 22.9% in pasture and forest tick DNA samples respectively. Ehrlichiaspp., were detected in 28.5 % and 75 % in pasture and forest ticksrespectively. Interestingly, Lyme disease agentBorreliaspp. has not detected in 200 pasture tick DNA samples, but found in one out of 96forest tick DNA samples. Contrary to this, Coxiellaburnetii, the causative agent of Q fever found only in one out of 240 pasture ticksand was not detected in 96 forest tick DNA samples. Results have proven that molecular diagnostic PCR method is the fastest reliable tool to detect zoonotic pathogens in vector ticks.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014:3-7
МОРФОЛОГИЯ И ГИСТОХИМИЯ ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ В СРАВНЕНИИ
Authors: Цыдыпов Р.Ц
Published: June 2015

В данной работе приводятся результаты гистологического и гистохимического исследований структуры предстательной железы хряков и быков в сравнительном аспекте. Определено содержание углеводных компонентов в структуре железы этих животных.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 29-32
RESULT OF ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN EWES WITH FROZEN-THAWED SEMEN
Authors: Myagmarsuren P , Myagmardulam U , Haliunaa Ts
Published: June 2015

In all domestic species, acceptable pregnancy rate with frozen-thawed semen is 20-30% through simply cervical and vaginal insemination. Researchers have proved that achievable high results can be expected only from intrauterine insemination in ewes. Unlike the cow, and goat, the cervix of ewes is a formidable barrier to penetrate for transcervical intrauterine insemination. It is not only due to the physical size of the canal and a narrow luminal diameter (even at estrus), but also due to its caudally facing eccentric series of four to eight funnel-like rings. The major aim of this study was to evaluate a comparison of transcervical and laparoscopic intrauterine artificial insemination techniques with frozen –thawed semen on the reproductive performance of ewes.58ewes of 3-4 years of age, so called Altanbulag subspecies of breed were selected and equally divided into 2 groups for the AI methods from October 15-20, 2013 in the breeding station of Research Institute of Animal Husbandry in Hongor sum, Darhan uul province. The estrus was synchronized with EAZI-BREED TMCIDR in which the progesterone content was 0.3 g. After 12 days, the CIDR were removed, PMSG of 400 and 200 IU were administrated intramuscularly per ewe. The total success of synchronization rate was 93.3%. The results has shown the possibilities of laparoscopic and transcervical AI techniques in 55.17%, 41.37% (p>0.05) of pregnancy rates respectively, with frozen-thawed semen in ewes by ultrasonography diagnosis.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 43-47
AN ELECTRON SCAN MICROSCOPE ANALYSIS RESULT OF DAMAGE ON WOOLLEN FIBER BY CLOTHES MOTH (TINEOLA BISSELLIELLA)
Authors: Norovsuren L , Ganbat G , Myagmar Ch
Published: June 2015

We have studied a type of damage on woollen fiber by clothes moths. 10 pieces of hurentser were put into each washed wool, raw wool and thick fiber of wool at the same temperature and did observation every 2 days. After 14 days, a number of dead and alive larvae, their length were noted down. Also we noted down that if they were moving or not and grew up or away. Samples were put in thermostat at 24.5 C. Each damage of every sample by clothes moth were not the same as each other.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 48-50
SOME RESULTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PASTURE-LAND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Erdenebat G , Gerlee Sh
Published: June 2015

The territory of any state and nation is the backbone of its independence. When the people’s interest to improve their livelihood level by putting land into economic circulation, an appropriate use of land resources is becoming the crucial issue that to be resolved foremost. In today’s globalized socio-economic system it is very important for further development of Mongolia, not destroying the traditional nomadic livestock husbandry practices, to develop and implement a concept of pasture management adapted to these practices based on the territory and communities that would be economically efficient, environment friendly and supportive to social progress. Therefore, developing a policy on pastureland use in accordance with this concept and implementing the future policy on development of the country as a whole, aimags and rural areas through planning of pastureland and taking efficient and complex measures for pastureland issues tend to be one of the urgent problems. In this connection, there is a need to determine policy on and take measures for appropriate pasture management to make efficient pasture use plan adapted to ecosystem management. The research on these hersder’s usage of pasture land, management of pasture land, cooperative organization, pastoral legislative, cattle breeding and service of cattle breeding and its results as well as economy and social status of herders within the research has held in 5 provinces such as Arkhangai, Bulgan, Gobi-Altai, Khuvsgul and Khentii, 15 sub-provinces are included. As a result of this research pasture land is getting worse due to arbitrary and unplanned usage of pasture land, to move nearer to the rivers, over usage of grazing capacity because of human faulty activities.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 51-54
QUORUM SENSING SCREENING OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM MONGOLIA
Authors: Zolboo B , Tsenguunmaa L , Undram O , Batkhuu J
Published: June 2015

The purpose of this study was to search for a novel quorum sensinginhibitor and analyseits inhibitory activity of medicinal plants of Mongolia. This study investigated the effects of some plant extracts on the bacterial communication system, expressed as quorum sensing activity. Quorum sensinghas directly propotional effect on the amount of certain compound such as pigments, produced by the bacteria. Alcohol extracts of 103 extracts of 66 medicinal plants were tested for anti-quorum sensingactivity by the Chromobacterium violaceum assay using the standard disc-diffusion method. The screening revealed the anti-quorum sensing activity of 18 extracts of 13 plants; particularly aerial part of Hedysarum alpinum L., Spongiocarpella gruboviiUlzii and Goniolimon speciosum (L.) Boiss.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 63-65
PLANNING OF THE LANDSCAPE DESIGN OF “MULSCOMPLEX”
Authors: Munkhtuya Kh. , Enkhbold B
Published: June 2015

There has come an urgent necessity to reconstruct the university building and dormitory on the basis of detailed planning and researches as well as to plan the landscape architecture specifically dedicated to teachers, employees and students step by step according to the standard of higher education organizations. We aim to implement the project taking accounts of not only designs of university campuses in developed countries but also higher education trends in our own country and the mission of Mongolian State University of Agriculture /MULS. The significance of landscape planning is immense. But there is a lack of green environment, convenience, recreation fields, appropriate design etc. at universities and colleges in Mongolia where students, teachers and employees gather in a large number. Therefore, the rationale behind choosing this subject lies in planning and implementing it properly.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 66-72
RESULT OF APPLICATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROLLING THE WEEDS IN WHEATFIELD
Authors: Azzaya T , Otgonsuren M
Published: June 2015

According to weed distribution research outputs have been recorded 13 species belonging to 12 genera of 11 families in the wheat fields of Nart-1 center in Bornuursoum of Tuvaimag, among them, annuals for68.5%, biennials for 14.7% and perennials for 16.8% were estimated. The application of herbicides such as Penizan, Zinger, Lornet, Ovsygen express, Penizan + Ovsygen express and Zinger + Ovsygen for controlling both grassy and dicotyledonous weeds has Chenopodium album L, Polygonum convolvulus L, Paniciummiliaceum L, Avenafatua L, Setariaviridis L, Cannabis ruderalis, Fagopyrumtataricum L, Chenopodiumaristatum L, Salsolacollina (Pall), Amaranthusretro flexus L, SilenerepensPatr, Potentillabifurca L, Geranium siviricum L, Agropyronrepens L, Noneopulla L, C Linariaburiatica (Turcz), Potentillaanserina L, Artemisia sieversiana Willd, Plantago major L, Taraxacumofficinale Wigg, Medicagofalgate L were shown 87.5-100% technical effectiveness.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 80-83
YIELDS AND DOMINANCES OF MICRO-VEGETATION IN FOREST-STEPPE PASTURE NEARBY A POPULATION CENTER OF MONGOLIA
Authors: Chuluunbat G , Zolzaya S , Baasanjalbuu B , Yamasaki S
Published: June 2015

A study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 on a forest-steppe pasture in danger of pasture degradation to determine pasture yields and plant dominances from differences in micro-vegetation, with the aim of contributing to conservation and effective utilization. In the pastures, two different micro-vegetation located conterminously were observed based on their topographies and coverage by dominant plant species: Site 1 (S1) on a hillside where Poa or grasses and herbs equally dominated and Site 2 (S2) in a pocket where herbs predominated followed by Poa or grasses. Yield was significantly increased from June to August, but decreased by October in both the sites in each year (p < 0.001). The yields in S2 were significantly (p < 0.001) or tended to be higher than those in S1 during all study periods. The relative summed dominance ratio (R-SDR2) of the grass was higher in S2 (34.0%) than in S1 (18.4%), and that of herbs was higher in S1 (64.2%) than in S2 (51.8%). It was concluded that R-SDR2 is a potential indicator of pasture condition, and that the proportion of grasses increase while that of herbs decrease as a pasture is well conserved and/or managed.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 117-123