bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies to Prevent Repeated Pregnancies Among Adolescents
Authors: Tumchuea Siriwan , Kongvattananon Puangpaka , Somprasert Chomchuen
Published: November 2020

Objective::

The purpose of this article was to discuss and synthesize strategies for preventing
repeated pregnancies in adolescents.

Methods::

An integrative review was conducted with a systematic search using Scopus, PubMed,
CINAHL, PsycINFO, DynaMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases for articles published from
2015 to 2019 under the PICOT element for reviewing published articles. The data were selected and
processed using PRISMA.

Results::

The results showed that the factors related to repeated pregnancy in adolescents were intention
and motivation regarding repeated pregnancies, no sense of control over life experiences,
not making decisions about contraceptive use, and barriers to accessing contraception. The strategies
for preventing repeated pregnancies among adolescents were as follows: 1) enhancing awareness
of repeated pregnancy; 2) empowerment regarding self-control; 3) effective youth-friendly
care services; and 4) family and social support.

Conclusion::

The findings of this study can contribute useful information to the midwife and nursing professions as well
as other healthcare providers in leading to preventive strategies and guidelines to reduce repeated pregnancy among
adolescents.
Extraction, GC-MS Evaluation and Anti-epileptic Potential of Seeds Ethanolic Extract of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall
Authors: Kala Chandra , Imam Syed S. , Taleuzzaman Mohamad , Gilani Sadaf J. , Ali Syed S. , Rahat Iqra , Ahmad Adil , Khan Najam A.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Putranjiva roxburghii Wall is traditionally known to cure many pathological
conditions including epilepsy.

Objective:

The present study is aimed at determining bioactive compounds in ethanolic extract of
Putranjiva roxburghii test extract (PRTE) seeds by GCMS analysis and to assess its antiepileptic
potential using various experimental models of epilepsy.

Methods:

The ethanolic extract of seeds of Putranjiva roxburghii was subjected to GC-MS analysis
to detect the bioactive phytoconstituents. Acute oral toxicity of the extract was performed
using OCED guideline 420. Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling model of epilepsy and Maximal
electroshock epilepsy (MES) model of epilepsy were used to determine anti-epileptic potential.

Results:

The GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed the presence of 20 phytoconstituents. The
major phytoconstituents included n-Propyl heptyl ether (25.25%), 5-Ethyl hydantoin (8%), octadec-
9-enoic acid (16.25%) and 1, 2-Benzene dicarboxylic acid (11.86%). The PRTE (50 mg/kg
and 100 mg/kg) afforded a significant and dose-dependent protection against PTZ-induced kindling
epilepsy and MES induced epilepsy (p<0.001 and p<0.01).

Conclusion:

Based on the above findings, it is evident that Putranjiva roxburghii seeds contain
biologically active compounds. It can also be concluded that the extract possesses anti-epileptic
potential.
Footprint Analysis of CMOS Compatible Silicon-on-Insulator Based Photonic Waveguides
Authors: Chandra Veer , Ranjan Rakesh
Published: November 2020

Aim:

Establish the efficient footprint size, i.e., the total substrate width of photonic waveguides
(Ridge, Rib, and Slot) under the fundamental mode propagation constraints.

Objective:

By varying the total substrate width for all photonic waveguides (Ridge, Rib, and Slot) with
respect to four major waveguide parameters, namely effective refractive index, propagation loss, propagation
length, and confinement percentage, the converged values of these waveguide parameters have
to be obtained.

Methods and Materials:

The Finite Element Method (FEM) based simulations, using the COMSOL Multiphysics,
have been used to study the modal characteristics of photonic waveguides to achieve their efficient
footprint size.

Results:

The total substrate widths have been obtained for all four parameters and considering the impact
of all these waveguide parameters simultaneously, the efficient total substrate width has been recognized
as 2500 nm, 4000 nm, and 3000 nm, respectively, for Ridge, Rib, and Slot waveguides.

Conclusion:

The efficient waveguide footprints, i.e., the total substrate widths for the three photonic
waveguides, namely Ridge, Rib and Slot waveguides have been established.
Robust Control of Interlinking Converter Using PSO and ABC Algorithms
Authors: Juneja Mudita , Nagar Shyam Krishna
Published: November 2020

Objective:

In this paper, an optimal control scheme for the Interlinking Converter (IC)
system is achieved by the proper regulation of its gate switching functions through appropriate optimal
feedback controller design.

Methods:

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative
(FOPID) and H-infinity loop shaping controller have been designed for the two-fold control objective
of simultaneous improvement in system robustness and reduced tracking error using parameter
tuning via Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization algorithms.

Results:

The controller parameters are obtained by optimization algorithms. The comparative analysis
of the controller performance is carried out through simulation in the MATLAB platform to validate
the effectiveness of the controller design under various changing situations.

Conclusion:

The optimized controller parameters obtained through ABC algorithm are better than
that obtained through PSO algorithm in terms of both objective function values and execution time.
The resultant robust control strategy for IC system obtained through the H-infinity loop shaping
controller provides reduced tracking error and improved stability as compared to PID and FOPID
controller, as proved by the simulation results.
Optimal Dispatching of Power System by Introducing Concentrating Solar Power Station to Promote Large-scale Wind Power and Photovoltaic Accommodation
Authors: Zhou Xia , Li Yichen , Chang Ping , Dai Jianfeng , Tang Yi
Published: November 2020

Background:

With respect to the problem of wind power and photovoltaic (PV) gridconnected
accommodation, a power system optimization dispatching method is proposed that introduces
a concentrating solar power (CSP) station to promote wind power and PV accommodation,
considering the dispatch-ability of the thermal storage system (TSS) and the accommodation
capacity of the electric heating device (EHD) in the CSP station.

Methods:

The method analyzes an internal simplified model of a CSP station and a short-timescale
identification method of wind and PV power ramping events based on a CSP-Wind-PV system
structure. Furthermore, the operating characteristics and constraints of various units are considered
with the goal of the lowest comprehensive system cost to establish a CSP-Wind-PV optimization
model for dispatching power system.

Results:

The method is simulated and verified on the IEEE-RTS24 node system by using the
MATLAB optimization toolbox.

Conclusion:

The results demonstrate that the participation of a CSP station can decrease the number
of power ramping events and reduce the curtailment of wind and PV power while ensuring the
economical operation of the power system.
Additional Damping Control of a Hybrid Multi-infeed DC System with a Wind Farm
Authors: Li Congshan , Fang Yan , He Ping , Li Yikai , Sheng Tingyu
Published: November 2020

Background:

In a hybrid multi-infeed direct current (HMIDC) system, the interaction between the AC and DC
systems will have an influence on the damping characteristics of the system, while a doubly-fed induction generator
(DFIG) -based wind turbine connected to the grid complicates the coupling between AC and DC.

Objective:

Based on the basic principles of wind power generation and low-frequency oscillation (LFO), a DFIG -based
wind turbine is respectively connected to the LCC-HVDC side and VSC-HVSC side of an HMIDC system to study the
influence of the oscillation mode on a hybrid system with different wind power access locations, and two kinds of
additional DC damping controllers are designed to suppress the LFO. Comparing the effects of different additional DC
damping controllers on the suppression of the LFO in the system.

Methods:

First, the total least squares- estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (TLS-ESPRIT)
is used to obtain the system’s oscillation mode. Second, the transfer function is determined by the Butterworth bandpass
filter. Third, the LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC additional damping controllers are designed based on the H2/H∞ hybrid
control theory.

Results:

The designed additional DC damping controller has a good suppression effect on LFO in the HMIDC system and
can meet the system damping deficit. The effect of the LCC-HVDC additional damping controller is better than that of
VSC-HVDC.

Conclusion:

Through a simulation analysis on PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software, the effectiveness of the designed
additional DC damping controller is verified.
The Use of Different Electrode Materials for Electricity Production in a Microbial Fuel Cell Using a Klebsiella oxytoca Microorganism Under Different Operating Conditions
Authors: Abdul-Wahid Israa K. , Obyed Saleem M. , Hasan Basim O.
Published: November 2020

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been developed impressively over recent
years. In order to take this technology from research to application, the performance of
these systems needs to be further investigated and optimized. The electrode materials
and operating conditions play a vital role in MFCs performance. In the current work,
dual chamber MFC was used to investigate the performance of different electrode materials
under stationary and flow conditions. Microorganism solution of Klebsiella oxytoca
and Citrobacter Freundii inoculum was used in the anode chamber. Three electrode materials
were investigated, namely activated carbon, graphite, and titanium. High current
density and power output were obtained by activated carbon electrode and graphite,
while titanium showed poor performance for bio-electricity production. The low flow
velocity (or Reynolds number) in catholyte was found to enhance the energy production,
while the high velocity caused a reduction in the produced current. The aeration of the
cathode chamber had a negative effect on the produced current due to the transfer of dissolved
oxygen to the microorganism chamber. Activated carbon showed high performance
due to its high surface area with the achieved maximum power density of 462.74
mW/m2 at Reynolds number of 7030.
Natural Coagulants for the Treatment of Water and Wastewater: A Futuristic Option for Sustainable Water Clarification
Authors: Karnena Manoj Kumar , Saritha Vara
Published: November 2020

Many studies reported the application of natural coagulants in removing pollutants
with the help of the coagulation process, and coagulants showed their efficiency
in comparison to the literature available. Yet, the utilization or acceptance of these coagulants
in treating industrial wastewater is very low. Thus, there is a need for a strategy
for enhancing the potential usage of coagulants for water treatment, presenting prevailing
options and efforts for the development of coagulants. The utilization of coagulants
can be improved by showing their efficiency in comparison to the advanced treatment
technologies available in the present scenario. The coagulation efficiency with natural
coagulants can be enhanced by mongrelizing the coagulants with other coagulants, enhancingthe
purity during extraction procedures, and coalescence of coagulants. However,
the research on natural coagulants isquite encouraging. The perception of sustainable
assessment studies revealed that commercialization/acceptance of coagulants for treatment
options are hindered by their applicability and feasibility in real-time applications,
and utilization of coagulants ignores the socio-economic, ecological, and technical aspects.
The present review mainly focuses on the issues related to natural coagulants for
clarifying the uncertainties and simultaneously making the water industries to be more
sustainable.
Reading William Faulkner’s Yoknapatawpha in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Romdhani Mourad
Published: November 2020

Caught in the dilemma of the real and the fictitious, one can only wonder about the connection between literature and the Covid 19 global pandemic. As researcher interested in the writings of William Faulkner, I cannot help drawing analogies between the writer’s fictional Yoknapatawpha and our current Covid 19 situation. In the gendered reactions to the pandemic-imposed reality Yoknapatawpha is always resonant. Masculine rejection of face masks and the ideology underlying such a reaction, the mandatory lockdown which consequently led to rising domestic violence in addition to the popular slogan “My body, my choice” which went viral in social networks are all a reiteration of the narrative of Faulkner’s Yoknapatawpha. Drawing analogies between our contemporary real world and Faulkner’s fictitious county will lead to the conclusion that western cultures and societies have reproduced the same patriarchal ideologies and practices that governed Faulkner’s Yoknapatawpha, turning the writer’s narrative world into a universal world that cannot be anchored in place or time. The paper will study the three phenomena as social realities that echo Faulkner’s fictitious county while referring to psychoanalytical and feminist theories.
Моделирование демпферов из вязкоупругих материалов
Authors: Максимов Ю.В. , Легович Ю.С. , Максимов Д.Ю.
Published: November 2020

The consideration of damping in structural dynamics problems is an important and non-trivial problem. Its complexity, not least, is due to the need to set the correct data for the materials used and to select a model suitable for analysis. In this paper, we consider some models of viscoelastic materials from the point of view of the possibilities of using these models for the harmonic analysis of the damping properties of various materials in the linear region of elastic deformations. The proposed analysis is based on the use of parameters of viscoelastic materials specified in the form of coefficients of the differential equation of small forced vibrations. It is shown that the considered models are characterized by a different frequency dependence of the parameters of the simulated materials. This opens up the possibility of combining the model with the frequency characteristics of its parameters, approaching the frequency characteristics of the parameters of the studied viscoelastic materials.
Влияние осаждения и коагуляции частиц на параметры текущих в трубе наноаэрозолей
Authors: Аманбаев Т.Р.
Published: November 2020

The influence of the processes of deposition and coagulation of particles, caused by Brownian diffusion, on the parameters of aerosols flowing in the tube is studied. The problem is considered in a two-dimensional formulation taking into account the inhomogeneous velocity profile of the medium across the tube. At different Knudsen numbers, the distributions of the concentration and radius of clusters (formed due to particle coagulation) along the longitudinal and transverse directions were obtained by the numerical finite difference method. It was found that moving along the channel, the clusters reach the final (limiting) size. The influence of the governing parameters on the distribution of dispersed characteristics of the mixture inside the tube and on the limiting size of clusters is discussed.
Автомодельность в задаче о ламинарном пленочном кипении на вертикальной поверхности, погруженной в большой объем жидкости
Authors: Хабенский В.Б. , Сулацкий А.А.
Published: November 2020

Two expressions for the Nusselt criterion have been formulated by applying self-similarity methods to the laminar free-convection film boiling on a vertical surface having the finite length, which is submerged into the large volume of arbitrary subcooled liquid. The expressions apply Nusselt criterion to the conditions of continuous transition from film boiling in saturated liquid to the strongly subcooled liquid in order to determine heat transfer between the heated surface and interphase boundary, and heat transfer from this boundary into the volume of liquid; the accompanying radiative heat transfer is taken into account. The hierarchy of different self-similarities is presented.
Первые результаты исследования переноса тепла и частиц в сферическом токамаке Глобус-М2 при инжекции пучка на стадии роста тока
Authors: Тельнова А.Ю. , Курскиев Г.С. , Балаченков И.М. , Бахарев Н.Н. , Гусев В.К. , Жильцов Н.С. , Кавин А.А. , Киселев Е.О. , Минаев В.Б. , Мирошников И.В. , Патров М.И. , Петров Ю.В. , Сахаров Н.В. , Токарев В.А. , Толстяков С.Ю. , Тюхменева Е.А. , Хромов Н.А. , Шулятьев К.Д. , Щеголев П.Б.
Published: November 2020

Представлены результаты исследования переноса тепла и частиц в сферическом токамаке Глобус-М2 в разрядах с нейтральной инжекцией на стадии роста тока. Пучок атомов инжектировался в плазму токамака при фиксированном тороидальном магнитном поле 0.7 T. Значение тока плазмы на плато варьировалось в диапазоне 0.2-0.3 MA. На основании пространственных распределений температуры и концентрации электронов, измеренных методом томсоновского рассеяния, было проведено моделирование переноса тепла и частиц в плазме с помощью кода ASTRA. Определено время удержания тепловой энергии плазмы, а также выполнены оценки коэффициентов температуропроводности и диффузии. Ключевые слова: термоядерный синтез, транспортный анализ, нагрев плазмы с помощью нейтральной инжекции, внутренние транспортные барьеры.
Исследование пристеночной плазмы токамака Глобус-М с помощью массива диверторных ленгмюровских зондов
Authors: Хромов Н.А. , Векшина Е.О. , Гусев В.К. , Литуновский Н.В. , Патров М.И. , Петров Ю.В. , Сахаров Н.В.
Published: November 2020

Массив из десяти встроенных диверторных зондов был установлен на нижний купол сферического токамака Глобус-М. С его помощью проведены измерения профилей плавающего потенциала, электронной температуры, ионного тока насыщения и плотности потока тепла на дивертор. Продемонстрировано резкое изменение плавающих потенциалов зондов, находящихся вблизи внешней ветви сепаратрисы, при развитии периферийной неустойчивости. Ключевые слова: токамак, дивертор, пристеночная плазма, ленгмюровские зонды.
Исследование механических свойств материалов на основе графена C-=SUB=-62-=/SUB=-H-=SUB=-20-=/SUB=- и полиэтилена (-CH-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--CH-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--)-=SUB=-n-=/SUB=-
Authors: Байрамов А.А. , Гасанов А.Г.
Published: November 2020

In the paper, the mechanical properties of the materials based on graphene С62Н20 and polyethylene (-СН2-СН2-)n have been investigated by using semiempirical PM3 method, and the visual models of molecules have been constructed (-СН2-СН2-)n. The calculated values of mechanical parameters show that these materials possess a high elasticity and strength. The orbital energies, potentials of ionization, full energies of electrons, strengths, etc. for given material have been calculated. Opportunity of using these light materials in engineering industry for making of superstrong protective thin coating on car bumpers have been considered. The necessary minimal thickness of protective coating during two cars collision with given mass and speed has been calculated that bumpers do not damage.
Термогравиметрические исследования дегидратации ацетатцеллюлозного слоя в композиционных пленках УАМ-100, УАМ-150 и МГА-95
Authors: Лазарев С.И. , Головин Ю.М. , Ковалев С.В. , Лазарев Д.С. , Левин А.А.
Published: November 2020

Представлен аналитический обзор по исследованию кинетических и физико-химических характеристик композитных мембранных пленок. Методом термогравиметрии исследованы композиционные пленки УАМ-100, УАМ-150 и МГА-95 в температурном интервале от 30-300oC. Проведен кинетический анализ экспериментальных данных по методу Фримена-Кэрролла. Установлено, что гидратная вода для всех исследуемых полупроницаемых пленок испаряется в температурном интервале от ~ 95 до ~ 180oC. Сопоставление отношений количества удаленной воды в образцах исследуемых пленок коррелируется с геометрическими параметрами пор. Величины энергии активации и предэкспоненциального множителя (E = 26.9 кJ/mol и ln(A~ 6.3 (min-1) ) в интервале 0.2 < alpha < 0.7 степени дегидратации указывают на одинаковую закономерность распределения молекул воды в полимолекулярном слое для всех композиционных пленок. Высокие значения дегидратации, например, для образца композиционной полупроницаемой пленки МГА-95 при температуре максимума на кривой термогравиметрии (Tmax = 169.6oC) свидетельствуют о том, что молекулы воды образуют водородные связи как с ионогенными группами ацетата целлюлозы, так и между собой. Ключевые слова: термогравиметрия, структура, водородная связь, пленка, энергия активации, сорбционная емкость, предэкспоненциальный множитель.
Физико-химические процессы, сопровождающие локализацию пластической деформации при импульсном нагружении
Authors: Буравова С.Н. , Гордополова И.С. , Петров Е.В.
Published: November 2020

Investigation of the strains development under pulsed loading showed the decisive role of powerful ultrasonic sample vibrations in the standing wave mode. The effect of mass transfer of atoms and ultrafine hardening phase particles from the matrix material to the spall damage zone on the strain bands microstructure is determined. Rapid cooling of the metal inside the localization bands, the size of which does not exceed several tens of microns, indicates that changes in the phase composition occur as a result of cold deformation. Rapid the metal cooling inside the localization bands, the size of which does not exceed several tens of microns, indicates that changes in the phase composition occur as a result of cold deformation.
Особенности углеродных нанотрубок, синтезированных из метана и ацетилена при использовании катализатора FeCl-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Редина А.Г. , Авраменко М.В. , Лянгузов Н.В.
Published: November 2020

The structural peculiarities of carbon nanotubes synthesized at the same experimental setup by means of catalytic chemical vapor deposition using two different carbon precursors and FeCl3 catalyst are compared. Methane and acetylene have been used as carbon precursors. FeCl3 has been deposited onto a substrate by means of drying of a droplet of its water solution. The influence of temperature and pressure variations on synthesis process has been investigated. The samples obtained have been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The nonlinear relation between synthesis temperature and defectiveness of synthesized carbon nanotubes has been found. The influence of carbon precursor type on morphology of the synthesized samples of carbon nanotubes has been demonstrated.
Формирование и структура термомиграционных кремниевых каналов, легированных Ga
Authors: Ломов А.А. , Середин Б.М. , Мартюшов C.Ю. , Заиченко А.Н. , Шульпина И.Л.
Published: November 2020

We have produced through-wafer vertical Si (Ga) p-channels by thermal migration of local gallium zones in c-Si (111) wafers. To achieve this, a method for the formation of local zone was proposed and implemented, which consists in filling linear grooves etched in a silicon wafer with fine-dispersed Ga powder. The grooves were 100 um wide and 30-50um deep. It was shown that a high yield of suitable zones occurs when the grain size of the powder is 5 um and the temperature is 290 K. The obtained Si (Ga) thermomigration p-channels were studied by X-ray methods of double-crystal rocking curves and projection topography. The characterization of structural perfection of Ga p-channels was performed by their comparison with the structural features of the Si (Al) thermomigration channels. Typical structural defects at the boundaries of both thermomigration channels were shown to be dislocation half-loops fixed by their ends at those boundaries. The concentrations of Al and Ga in the obtained channels were estimated as С(Al) ~ 1E19 и С(Ga) ~ 1.9 E19cm-3, the deformation e~(2–5)E-5 and tilt ~ 15–30 ʹʹ of crystal planes near the channel-matrix interface of the plate were determined.
Влияние методов формирования полимерных композитных материалов с углеродными нанотрубками на механизмы электропроводности
Authors: Комаров Ф.Ф. , Парфимович И.Д. , Ткачев А.Г. , Щегольков А.В. , Мильчанин О.В. , Щегольков А.В. , Бондарев В.
Published: November 2020

The influence of the method of formation of nanostructured polymer composites filled with carbon nanotubes to their electrophysical properties was carried out. The influence of the «size effect» of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, functionalization method, and ultrasonic treatment method on the electrical conductivity of composite materials in the frequency range 50 Hz - 5 MHz and the temperature range 15 - 375 K has been established. The presence of various mechanisms of electric transport in composite materials that affect the final value of electrical conductivity is established. The best results of electrophysical parameters are observed with a combination of non-covalent functionalization of nanotubes and high-power ultrasonic exposure. This method allows us to achieve a conductivity value of composite materials of 0.01 S/cm in the studied frequency range at a filler concentration of 0.5 wt.%.
Роль добавок графена в стойкости оксида алюминия хрупкому разрушению при импульсных электрофизических воздействиях
Authors: Кузнецов А.В. , Морозов В.А. , Савенков Г.Г. , Столяров В.В.
Published: November 2020

The study of the dynamic strength for Al2O3 nanoceramics with different content of five layer graphene under the action of a high-current electron beam and a high-voltage electric discharge of nanosecond duration are presented. It was found that an increase in the graphene content in the composite leads to the embrittlement of the nanocomposite.
Key words: .
Генерация сверхширокополосного электромагнитного излучения вакуумным фотодиодом с анодом на входном сапфировом окне
Authors: Потапов А.В. , Заволоков Е.В. , Кондратьев А.А. , Пхайко Н.А. , Сорокин И.А. , Гончаренко Б.Г. , Лузанов В.А. , Салов В.Д.
Published: November 2020

Проведены исследования генерации сверхширокополосного электромагнитного излучения вакуумным фотодиодом с плоским сурьмяно-цезиевым фотокатодом. Анодом фотодиода являлся набор тонких алюминиевых полосок, нанесенных на входное сапфировое окно. Инициирование эмиссии электронов с фотокатода производилось излучением второй гармоники (λ= 385 nm) титан-сапфировой лазерной системы с длительностью импульса ~200 fs. Выполнены измерения напряженности электрической составляющей электромагнитного излучения при изменении напряжения на межэлектродном зазоре от 13 до 140 kV. Ключевые слова: сверхширокополосное электромагнитное излучение, сурьмяно-цезиевый фотокатод, сапфир.
Электрогенез растительно-микробного топливного элемента при параллельном и последовательном соединении ячеек
Authors: Кулешова Т.Э. , Галль Н.Р. , Галушко А.С. , Панова Г.Г.
Published: November 2020

The paper describes electrogenic features of the plant-microbial fuel cell (PMFC) with various assembling of single cells into a battery. The operation of a single cell and two variants of electric circuit organization: parallel and series connection of PMFC, have been experimentally studied and compared. A potential difference, ~ 70 mV, was measured for a cell without a plant, which disappears with time. This supports the significant role of the plant in PMFC; we put forward a hypothesis of diffusion EMF production by the root system with the participation of electrogenic chemoorganoterotrophic microorganisms. It has been shown that the mean bioelectric potential generated by a single cell is 170 mV. It is increased by only 1.5 times in a series connection of 3 fuel cells. Load current increase is also observed for parallel connection of 3 PMFC, but also only by 1.5 times, and only in the late stages of the plant growth. It is likely that the sum of flowing currents and generated voltages affects the electrogenic reactions in each individual plant and microorganisms in each PMFC and thereby trigger some compensation mechanisms decreasing electrogenic plant features.
Кулоновский взрыв дебаевского слоя как механизм формирования потока высокоэнергетичных ионов в плазме микропинчевого разряда
Authors: Долгов А.Н. , Клячин Н.А. , Прохорович Д.Е.
Published: November 2020

В низкоиндуктивной сильноточной вакуумной искре зафиксированы потоки ионов с энергиями порядка мегаэлектронвольт, распространяющиеся как в осевом, так и в перпендикулярном оси симметрии разряда направлении. Оценки, основанные на измерении полного заряда надтепловых электронов, испущенных из области перетяжки токового канала в осевом направлении, а также полного числа ионов указанных энергий, показывают, что зарегистрированные энергии ионов вполне соответствуют величине, достижимой в результате кулоновского взрыва дебаевского слоя перетяжки на стадии, предшествующей радиационному сжатию. Ключевые слова: микропинч, кулоновский взрыв, дебаевский слой.
Моделирование процесса теплоотдачи сверхпроводящих пленок в резистивном состоянии
Authors: Васютин М.А. , Кузьмичев Н.Д. , Шилкин Д.А.
Published: November 2020

The analysis of heat transfer in the contact-film-substrate system under conditions when the heat removal from the sample to the substrate is insufficient to ensure that the sample is not overheated. For low temperatures, a method is proposed for increasing the heat removal from thin-film samples by passing a high-density electric current through them. The property of an anomalously high thermal conductivity of copper at temperatures from 5 to 50 K was used as the main factor in enhancing heat removal. The heat equation for the film-substrate system was numerically solved under the condition of additional heat transfer to potential contacts. It has been shown that beryllium bronze contacts can provide efficient heat removal from samples of superconducting films in a resistive state under conditions of strong Joule heat release.
Экспериментальное определение коэффициента сопротивления конических проникателей и проникателя с плоским передним торцом при сверхзвуковом движении в песчаном грунте
Authors: Герасимов С.И. , Ерофеев В.И. , Травов Ю.Ф. , Иоилев А.Г. , Писецкий В.В. , Капинос С.А. , Калмыков А.П. , Лапичев Н.В.
Published: November 2020

Experimental studies were carried out to determine the coefficient of resistance when conical and cylindrical impactors penetrate into sandy soil. In experiments, the angle of half-solution of the conical tip of the penetrator varied from 10 to 90 deg. The speed of the penetrator changed in the range of 0.2-2.0 km / s. The average values of the drag coefficient are obtained for conical bodies with quasi-stationary supersonic motion in sandy soil with an average humidity of 7-12%, and for impactors with a flat front end - in sandy soil with a humidity of 0 to 16%. A significant dependence of the drag coefficient of thin cones (β < 25◦) on the speed of movement and the absence of such a coefficient (taking into account the experimental error) for blunt cones and a flat-end striker is shown.
Health Care Professionals’ Experiences of Patient-Professional Communication Over Patient Portals: Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Laukka Elina , Huhtakangas Moona , Heponiemi Tarja , Kujala Sari , Kaihlanen Anu-Marja , Gluschkoff Kia , Kanste Outi
Published: November 2020

Background

The popularity of web-based patient-professional communication over patient portals is constantly increasing. Good patient-professional communication is a prerequisite for high-quality care and patient centeredness. Understanding health care professionals’ experiences of web-based patient-professional communication is important as they play a key role in engaging patients to use portals. More information is needed on how patient-professional communication could be supported by patient portals in health care.

Objective

This systematic review of qualitative studies aims to identify how health care professionals experience web-based patient-professional communication over the patient portals.

Methods

Abstract and full-text reviews were conducted by 2 reviewers independently. A total of 4 databases were used for the study: CINAHL (EBSCO), ProQuest (ABI/INFORM), Scopus, and PubMed. The inclusion criteria for the reviewed studies were as follows: the examination of health care professionals’ experiences, reciprocal communication between patients and health care professionals, peer-reviewed scientific articles, and studies published between 2010 and 2019. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s quality assessment criteria were used in the review process. A total of 13 included studies were analyzed using a thematic synthesis, which was conducted by 3 reviewers.

Results

A total of 6 analytical themes concerning health care professionals’ experiences of web-based patient-professional communication were identified. The themes were related to health care professionals’ work, change in communication over patient portals, patients’ use of patient portals, the suitability of patient portals for communication, the convenience of patient portals for communication, and change in roles.

Conclusions

Health care professionals’ experiences contain both positive and negative insights into web-based patient-professional communication over patient portals. Most commonly, the positive experiences seem to be related to the patients and patient outcomes, such as having better patient engagement. Health care professionals also have negative experiences, for example, web-based patient-professional communication sometimes has deficiencies and has a negative impact on their workload. These negative experiences may be explained by the poor functionality of the patient portals and insufficient training and resources. To reduce health care professionals’ negative experiences of web-based patient-professional communication, their experiences should be taken into account by policy makers, health care organizations, and information technology enterprises when developing patient portals. In addition, more training regarding web-based patient-professional communication and patient portals should be provided to health care professionals.
Use of Telemedicine for Emergency Triage in an Independent Senior Living Community: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Carolan Kelsi , Grabowski David C , Mehrotra Ateev , Hatfield Laura A
Published: November 2020

Background

Older, chronically ill individuals in independent living communities are frequently transferred to the emergency department (ED) for acute issues that could be managed in lower-acuity settings. Triage via telemedicine could deter unnecessary ED transfers.

Objective

We examined the effectiveness of a telemedicine intervention for emergency triage in an independent living community.

Methods

In the intervention community, a 950-resident independent senior living community, when a resident called for help, emergency medical technician–trained staff could engage an emergency medicine physician via telemedicine to assist with management and triage. We compared trends in the proportion of calls resulting in transport to the ED (ie, primary outcome) in the intervention community to two control communities. Secondary outcomes were telemedicine use and posttransport disposition. Semistructured focus groups of residents and staff were conducted to examine attitudes toward the intervention. Qualitative data analysis used thematic analysis.

Results

Although the service was offered at no cost to residents, use was low and we found no evidence of fewer ED transfers. The key barrier to program use was resistance from frontline staff members, who did not view telemedicine triage as a valuable tool for emergency response, instead perceiving it as time-consuming and as undermining their independent judgment.

Conclusions

Engagement of, and acceptance by, frontline providers is a key consideration in using telemedicine triage to reduce unnecessary ED transfers.
The Value of Applying Ethical Principles in Telehealth Practices: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Keenan Amanda Jane , Tsourtos George , Tieman Jennifer
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

As the use of technology to deliver health services is increasing rapidly and has further intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, these initiatives may fail if ethical impacts are not fully identified and acted upon by practitioners. Ignoring the ethical impacts of information and communication technology health service delivery creates an unintended risk for patients and can lead to reduced effectiveness, noncompliance, and harm, undermining the best intentions of governments and clinicians.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim was to explore how ethical considerations or impacts may be different, greater, or more variable in information and communication technology methods versus face-to-face health care delivery models, and how they may be applied in practice.

METHODS

We undertook a systemic literature review to provide a critical overview of existing research into the incorporation of ethical principles into telehealth practice. Six databases were searched between March 2016 to May 2016 and again in December 2020 to provide the benefit of currency. A combination of broad terms (“ethics,” “ethical,” “health,” and “care”) with the restrictive terms of “telehealth” and “telemedicine” was used in keyword searches. Thematic analysis and synthesis of each paper was conducted, aligned to the framework developed by Beauchamp and Childress.

RESULTS

From the 49 papers reviewed, authors identified or discussed the following ethical principles in relation to telehealth practice: autonomy (69% of authors, 34/49), professional–patient relationship (53% of authors, 26/49), nonmaleficence (41% of authors, 20/49), beneficence (39%, of authors, 19/49), and justice (39% of authors, 19/49).

CONCLUSIONS

Although a small number of studies identified ethical issues associated with telehealth practice and discussed their potential impact on service quality and effectiveness, there is limited research on how ethical principles are incorporated into clinical practice. Several studies proposed frameworks, codes of conduct, or guidelines, but there was little discussion or evidence of how these recommendations are being used to improve ethical telehealth practice.
A MASONIC ARTIFACT IN OREL: THE FEATURES OF ONE RELIGIOUS STUDY
Authors:   Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, KOROLEV Yu.A.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the article is to present the results of a preliminary religious and historical-cultural study of the band with Masonic symbols from the collection of famous Orel collector P. Based on the analysis of the Masonic symbols placed on the band, the author defines this artifact as part of the ritual vestment of a Mason of the 33-rd degree of dedication of the Scottish Charter of the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States and establishes its approximate dating. After a brief review of the history of this Masonic organization a hypothesis is put forward that this item belongs to specific individuals from among the leaders of the Scottish Charter of the United States. At the same time the author draws attention to cultural-historical and collectible value of this artifact and points out the desirability of conducting a comprehensive scientific examination.
THE ISSUES OF NATIONAL SECURITY AND NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT IN THE WORK OF THE WORLD RUSSIAN PEOPLE'S COUNCIL IN THE 1990-S.
Authors:   Yaroslavl State University named after P.G. Demidov, IERUSALIMSKY Yu.Yu. , RUDAKOV A.B. ,   Yaroslavl State University named after P.G. Demidov
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the study of such an important aspect of the activities of the World Russian People's Council (until 1995 it was called the World Russian Council) in the 90-s of the 20-th century as a discussion of national security issues and nuclear disarmament. At that time, a number of political and public figures actively called for the nuclear disarmament of Russia. Founded in 1993, the World Russian Council called for the Russian Federation to maintain a reasonable balance between reducing the arms race and fighting for the resumption of detente in international relations, on the one hand, and maintaining a powerful nuclear component of the armed forces of the country, on the other. The resolutions of the World Russian Council and the World Russian People's Council on the problems of the new concepts formation of foreign policy and national security of Russia in the context of NATO's eastward movement are analyzed in the article. It also shows the relationship between the provisions of the WRNS on security and nuclear weapons issues with Chapter VIII of the «Fundamentals of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church».
EVOLUTION OF YOUTH POLICY IN RUSSIA IN LIGHT OF THE NEW CONSTITUTIONAL GROUNDS: HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, MERKULOV P.A.
Published: November 2020

The main purpose of the article is to consider the evolution of youth policy in Russia in the light of the constitutional reform of 2020 as the historical and political substantiation of the amendment made following the results of the popular vote to the first part of the article 72 (point «e») of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The article notes that in modern society there is a whole system of challenges destroying the traditional forms of socialization of young people, who have found themselves in a very dangerous socio-cultural zone. These dangers look even more real without appropriate attention to young people on the part of the state and society. This context, according to the author, puts the state youth policy in a row of key functions of public administration. Citing historical examples of domestic managerial experience in relation to youth, the author comes to the conclusion that the constitutional amendment, which for the first time solidifies the existence of youth policy in the country's basic law, can give a new impetus not only to the further development of regulatory mechanisms for regulating youth policy, but also to become the constitutional basis for the practical side of its implementation. In this regard, the article pays special attention to the consideration of the new draft content No. 993419-7 «On youth policy in the Russian Federation».
ORGANIZATION OF TOBACCO TRADE IN VORONEZH DISTRICT IN THE LATE 17th – EARLY 18th CENTURIES
Authors:   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, ZHIBROVA T.V. , LYAPIN D.A. ,   Yelets State University named after I.A. Bunin
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the article is to show the specifics of tobacco trade in the South of Russia in the late 17th – early 18th centuries on the example of Voronezh district. The subject of the study is the legal and illegal sale of various types of tobacco. The authors analyze archival materials of Voronezh command hut, presented in the form of reports, petitions, unsubscriptions and other documents. The types of tobacco popular in the designated chronological period, the report forms of tobacco collectors, their social status and responsibilities are illustrated. Alongside several cases related to the illegal sale of tobacco in Voronezh and the district are considered. The methodology of the work is presented by a group of both standard techniques (comparative historical and problematic methods), and a microhistorical approach which allows us to consider individual episodes of the past as an illustrative example. In the course of the study, the authors were able to reconstruct the features of the tobacco trade organization, compare it with the work of customs and drinking establishments of the same time.
LEGAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF P. A. STOLYPIN'S AGRARIAN REFORM IN THE LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE THIRD STATE DUMA
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, SELYUTINA E.N. , KHOLODOV V.A. ,   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the article is to consider the legislative activity aimed at solving complex socio-economic and political problems at various stages of the historical development of the country, which requires the legislator not only to understand the severity and the significance of the ongoing transformations, but to perfect their legal and technical design as well. In this regard, the attention paid by the authors of this article to the experience of legal and technical support of P.A. Stolypin’s agrarian reform is very relevant in connection with the need of permanent improvement of Russian legislation affecting various social aspects. From the point of view of the legal technology peculiarities, the article considers the main normative legal acts governing P.A. Stolypin's agrarian transformations at the beginning of the 20-th century, as well as some other issues significant for the Russian Empire of that period. The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of legal and technical regulation of the legislative activity of the Third State Duma within the framework of agrarian transformations initiated by P.A. Stolypin. The subject of the study is the normative legal acts regulating P.A. Stolypin’s agrarian reform. The authors summarize that the legislative activities of the Third State Duma, in general, enriched the arsenal of domestic legal technique and contributed to its further improvement.
GRIGORY CHERNYSHEV'S COMBAT SERVICE DURING THE AZOV CAMPAIGNS AND THE GREAT NORTHERN WAR (1695-1714)
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, TSYBAKOV D.L.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the article is to study the period of the regular army formation during the reign of the Russian sovereign Peter the Great. It is noted that the specific circumstances of general G.Р. Chernyshev’s participation in the wars of Peter the Great’s era are very imperfectly covered in sources and scientific works, the last of which belongs to the 19-th century. Due to the systematization and analytical processing of the available information, the author supplements the episodes of the combat biography of one of the most capable representatives of the command staff of the Russian armed forces, who won victory to the country in the Great Northern War of 1700–1721.
OREL SECURITY OFFICER BORIS GORDON AND THE «RED CHAPEL»
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, SARAN A.Yu. , SOKOLOV M.V. ,   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the article is to study the biography of B.M. Gordon as a successful security officer in the 1920-s and 1930-s. He worked his way up the career ladder from a junior investigator to the head of regional divisions – territorial bodies of the VChK/GPU/OGPU/NKVD and the legal residency of the INO GUGB of NKVD in Germany. Having started his chekist service in the Orel province, he served in the South – Central Asia, in the North – in Arkhangelsk province,in the capital of the USSR, and in the capital of Nazi Germany – Berlin. Gordon fought with the white guards and evicted the dispossessed peasants, controlled the Soviet military and gathered information about the armies of foreign countries; he managed to work at both Soviet and party work. Finally, the energetic work and successful career led Boris Moiseyevich Gordon to his death, when in 1937, J.V. Stalin decided to destroy completely all the former operational leadership of the state security agencies, replacing it with new personnel.