bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caries Progression Rate in Primary Teeth: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tickotsky Nili , Petel Roy , Araki Rabi , Moskovitz Moti
Published: September 2017

Objectives: The rate of caries progression in primary teeth has rarely been studied, with most studies on early childhood caries reporting the percentage of lesions that remain at a certain stage of disease over a period of time. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and behavior of proximal and occlusal carious lesions in primary teeth among children from low socio-economic status. Study design: This retrospective study was based on bite-wing radiographs of 95 children aged 5–12 taken at 6–12 months intervals, with a follow-up period of at least three years. One hundred thirty-five teeth and 141 tooth surfaces were examined. The degree of proximal surfaces and occlusal caries advancement was scored and statistical analyses (Mann-Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis and Kaplan-Meier analysis) were performed to evaluate caries progression rate. Results: The results revealed that approximately 0.8 years were required for a carious lesion to progress from the outer enamel to the dentino-enamel junction, and an additional 1.4 years for it to reach the inner part of the dentin. Conclusions: The caries progression rate found in the present study is more rapid than previously found and affects more the lower socio economic population.
Autotransplantation: A Reliable Treatment Modality for Severely Malpositioned Teeth
Authors: Kim Mi Sun , Lee Hyo-Seol , Nam Ok Hyung , Choi Sung Chul
Published: September 2017

Maxillary canines are the most commonly impacted teeth, second only to third molars. Various treatment methods may be used to recover impacted maxillary canines. This is a report of a 14-year-old girl with a severely malpositioned impacted right maxillary canine which accompanied severe root resorption of adjacent tooth, treated by autotransplantation with a computer aided rapid prototyping model as a surgical guide. This case report demonstrates that autotransplantation can be a reliable treatment alternative, in cases with a severely malpositioned impacted canine, providing acceptable prognosis.
Orthodontic Treatment in Conjunction with Twin-bock Treatment and Growth Hormone Therapy in Silver Russell Syndrome
Authors: Ko Su-Jin , Seo Ji Young , Kwon Yong-Dae , Cheon Kyounga , Park Jae Hyun
Published: September 2017

Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, short stature, and typical craniofacial abnormalities including micrognathia. While growth hormone (GH) therapy in children with SRS significantly improves somatic growth, functional orthopedic treatment can also be effective in adolescents with mandibular deficiency. We report the effects of Phase 1 functional orthopedic treatment of a twin-block appliance in conjunction with GH administration in a 9-year-old boy with GH deficiency and SRS, and the result of the subsequent Phase 2 orthodontic treatment.
Performa Ayam Broiler yang Mengkonsumsi Kulit Nanas yang Difermentasi dengan Yogurt dalam Ransum Mengandung Gulma Obat
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Berliana Berliana , Nelwida Nelwida
Published: September 2017

ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa ayam broiler yang mengkonsumsi kulit nanas yang difermentasi (KNF) dengan yogurt dalam ransum mengandung gulma obat (GO). Materi yang digunakan yaitu 200 ekor ayam broiler jantan umur 2 hari, ransum mengandung gulma obat dan kulit nanas yang difermentasi dengan yogurt. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu T0 (ransum kontrol, ransum mengandung 0 % KNF dan 0 % GO), T1 (ransum mengandung 0 % KNF dan 2 % GO), T2 (ransum mengandung 7,5 % KNF dan 2 % GO), T3 (ransum mengandung 15 % KNF dan 2 % GO), dan T4 (ransum mengandung 22,5 % KNF dan 2 % GO). Peubah yang diamati adalah konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan (PBB), bobot akhir dan konversi ransum. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan Uji kontras ortogonal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ransum yang mengandung KNF berpengaruh nyata (P0.05) terhadap konsumsi ransum, PBB, bobot akhir, dan konversi ransum. Konsumsi dan konversi ransum meningkat dengan peningkatan pemberian KNF sedangkan bobot badan menurun. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian tepung kulit nanas setelah difermentasi dengan yogurt sebanyak 22,5 % di dalam ransum mengandung campuran gulma obat dapat menurunkan performa ayam broiler. (Broiler chicken performance fed fermented pineapple peel by yogurt in diet containing medicinal weed)ABSTRACT. Research aimed to determine broiler performance fed different level of yoghurt - fermented pineapple peel (FPPM) in the diet containing medicinal weed. Two hundred 2 day - old male broiler chicken, diet containing medicinal weed  (MW) and yoghurt - fermented pineapple peel used in this study. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were T0 (control, diet containing 0% FPPM and 0% MW), T1 (diet containing 0% FPPM and 2% MW), T2 (diet containing 7.5% FPPM and 2% MW), T3 (diet containing 15% FPPM and 2% MW), and T4 (diet containing 22.5% FPPM and 2% MW). The variables were feed consumption, body weight gain, live weight and feed conversion ratio. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Contrast orthogonal Test. The results showed that there was a significant effect (P0,05) of treatment on the feed consumption, body weight gain, live weight and feed conversion ratio. Feed consumption and feed conversion ratio increased with increasing level of FPPM in the diet, however, body weight decreased. It is concluded that feeding yoghurt - fermented pineapple peels up to 22,5 % in the broiler diet containing medicinal weed decreased broiler chicken performance.
Kandungan Total Bakteri dan Total Fungi pada Pellet Limbah Penetasan yang Dibuat dengan Penambahan Bentonit
Authors: Nugroho Aprilian Adi , Sumarsih Sri , Sulistiyanto Bambang
Published: September 2017

ABSTRAK. Penelitian efek penambahan bentonit dalam proses pelleting terhadap total bakteri dan total fungi dari produk pellet limbah penetasan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif, telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Pakan, Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian, Universitas Diponegoro. Penambahan bentonit pada proses pelleting diharapkan mengurangi total bakteri dan total fungi pada pellet olahan limbah penetasan, sehingga aman digunakan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif. Pada penelitian ini limbah penetasan yang berupa cangkang telur, telur infertile, telur gagal menetas, serta DOC afkir dan mati dihancurkan, dicampur dengan bentonit dan dibuat pellet, untuk kemudian dianalisis kandungan total bakteri dan total fungi pada produk pellet. Perlakuan bentonit dilakukan dengan aras 0, 2, 4 dan 6% (B/B). Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji wilayah ganda Duncan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bentonit dari berbagai level berpengaruh sangat nyata (P0,01). Pemberian bentonit pada tingkat tertinggi (6%) mampu menekan total bakteri dan total fungi pada kisaran 105 cfu/g. Disimpulkan bahwa bentonit mampu menekan kandungan total bakteri dan total fungi pada produk pellet limbah penetasan. (Numbers of total bacteria and total fungi of hatchery waste pellets that made by adding bentonite) ABSTRACT. A Research about the effect of bentonite addition in the pelletizing process on total bacteria and total fungi of pellet product of hatchery waste as an alternative feedstuff, was done at Feed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University. The addition of bentonite was expected to reduce the number of bacteria and fungi in the pellet product of hatchery waste, therefore, it could be used safely as an alternative feedstuff. In this experiment, the hatchery waste in the forms of eggshell, infertile eggs, un-hatched eggs, dead and culled DOC were blended, mixed with bentonite and pelleted,and then the number of total bacteria and total fungi of pellet was analyzed. The treatment was carried out with the level of bentonite i.e. 0, 2, 4 and 6% (w/w). Completely randomized design (CRD)was applied by 4 treatments and 5 replications of each. Data analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and followed by Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) to determine differences among the treatments. The results showed that administration of bentonite at various levels significantly affect the number of bacteria and fungi in the hatchery waste pellets (P 0.01). Administration of bentonite at the level of 6% shows the highest value on suppressing the content of total bacteria as well as fungi up to the range of total content 105cfu/g. In conclusion, the bentonite was able to suppress the total amount of bacteria and total fungi in the hatchery waste pellets.
Penggunaan Kulit Nanas Fermentasi dalam Ransum yang Mengandung Gulma Berkhasiat Obat Terhadap Konsumsi Nutrient Ayam Broiler
Authors: Ibrahim Wasir , Mutia Rita , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Nelwida Nelwida , Berliana Berliana
Published: September 2017

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan kulit nanas fermentasi ke dalam ransum yang mengandung gulma berkhasiat obat terhadap konsumsi nutrient ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan DOC jantan strain cob umur 2 hari sebanyak 200 ekor yang dipelihara selama 42 hari. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. P0 = 0% tepung kulit nanas fermentasi (TKNF) dalam ransum mengandung 0% gulma obat(GO), (kontrol positif), P1 = 0% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma obat (GO),(kontrol negatif), P2 = 7.5% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma berkhasiat obat, P3 = 15% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma berkhasiat obat, P4 = 22.5% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma berkhasiat obat. Parameter yang diamati kandungan gizi kulit nanas sebelum dan sesudah fermentasi dan konsumsi nutrient. Pengaruh yang nyata terhadap parameter yang diamati dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan, Data yang diperoleh dari setiap parameter dianalisis ragam (ANOVA) menggunakan bantuan software SPSS 16.0. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan kulit nanas yang fermentasi dengan yoghurt dalam ransum yang mengandung gulma berkhasiat obat pada taraf 15% memberikan hasil terbaik pada konsumsi nutrient ayam broiler. (Fermented pineapple peel supplementation with addition of medicinal weeds on nutrient intake consumption of broiler chicken) ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using fermented pineapple peel in the ration containing medicinal weeds on nutrient consumption and performance of broiler . Two hundred 2 days male broiler chicken cob strain were used in this study and kept for 42 days. Completely randomized design (CRD)was applied with 5 treatments and 5 replicates. Treatments consisted of P0 = 0% of fermented pineapple peels meal (FPPM) in ration containing 0% medicinal weed (MW), positive control). P1 = 0% of fermented pineapple peels meal (FPPM) in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW), negative control). P2 = 7.5% of FPPM in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW). P3 = 15% of FPPM in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW). P4 = 22,5% of FPPM in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW). The parameters measured was nutrien intake before and after fermented peel and consumption. The observed data were analyzed by statistical product and service solution (SPSS 16.0). Results showed that use of fermented pineapple peel meal up to 15% with addition medicinal weeds was the best on nutrient consumption of broiler chicken.
Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Pakan Fermentasi dengan Multi Enzim dan Vitamin E dalam Ransum terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Semen Ayam Arab
Authors: Mustafa Mustafa , Dasrul Dasrul , Yaman M. Aman , Wahyuni Sri , Sabri Mustafa
Published: September 2017

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh pemberian kombinasi pakan fermentasi dengan multi enzim pencernaan dan vitamin E dalam ransum komersial terhadap peningkatan kualitas semen ayam arab. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 4 kelompok perlakuan dengan 5 kali ulangan. 1) kontrol (P0) ayam diberikan ransum komersial 100 %, 2) perlakuan 1 (P1) ayam diberi 89,83% ransum komersial + 10% pakan fermentasi + 0,15% multi enzim + 0,02% vitamin E, (3) perlakuan 2 (P2) ayam diberi 79,83% ransum komersial + 20% pakan fermentasi + 0,15% multi enzim + 0,02% vitamin E, dan (4) perlakuan 3 (P3) ayam diberi 69,83% ransum komersial + 30% pakan fermentasi + 0,15% multi enzim + 0,02% vitamin E. Koleksi semen dilakukan pada hari ke 36 dengan metode masase. Data kualitas semen yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) satu arah yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian kombinasi pakan fermentasi dengan multi enzim dan vitamin E dalam ransum komersial berpengaruh secara nyata (P0,05) terhadap peningkatan volume, pH semen, konsentrasi spermatozoa, motilitas, spermatozoa hidup, dan penurunan abnormalitas ayam arab, namun tidak berbeda nyata (P0,05) terhadap warna, konsistensi dan gerakan massa spermatozoa. Dapat disimpulkan pemberian kombinasi pakan fermentasi dengan multi enzim dan vitamin E dalam ransum komersial dapat meningkatkan kualitas semen ayam arab. (Effect addition of fermented feed with the multi-enzyme digestion and vitamin E in commercial feed on improvement the quality of semen arab chicken)ABSTRACT. The study aimed to determine the effect of fermented feed combination with the multi enzymes digestion and vitamin E addition on the quality of semen arab’s chicken. This research used a randomized block design (RAK) consisting four treatments with five replications : P0: 100% Commercial feed (524), P1: 89.83% commercial feed + 10% fermented feed + 0.02% viamint E + 0.15% multi enzyme, P2: 79.83% commercial feed + 20% fermented feed + 0.02% vitamin E + 0.15% multi enzyme, P3: 69.83% commercial feed + 30% fermented feed + 0.02% vitamin E + 0.05% multi enzyme. Semen sample was collected at 36th  day using a massage method. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued by Duncan test. The results showed that addition of combination of fermented feed with digestive multi enzymes and vitamin E has significantly effect (P0,05) on increases of the volume, pH, spermatozoa concentration, percentage of spermatozoa motility, spermatozoa life, and decreased the percentage of spermatozoa abnormalities. This research can be concluded that the addition of  fermented feed combination with digestive multi enzymes and vitamin E able to improve the quality of arab chicken semen.
Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Babadotan Sebagai Green Antiseptic untuk Pencelup Puting Sapi Perah
Authors: Mahpudin Mahpudin , Wahyono Fajar , Harjanti Dian Wahyu
Published: September 2017

ABSTRAK. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak daun babadotan sebagai bahan aktif cairan pencelup puting (teat dipping) untuk menghambat masuknya bakteri melalui puting, serta membandingkan efektifitasnya dengan povidone iodine. Dua belas ekor sapi perah laktasi penderita mastitis subklinis digunakan dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan berupa teat dipping menggunakan ekstrak daun babadotan 5%, 10%, 15% dan povidone iodine 10% selama 14 hari. Tingkat peradangan kelenjar ambing diketahui dari penjumlahan skor California mastitis test (CMT) dari keempat puting sapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penurunan rata-rata total koloni bakteri dalam susu yang sangat signifikan (P0.01) dari 6,1-7,3 log cfu/ml sebelum pencelupan menjadi 4,4-6,0 log cfu/ml sesudah pencelupan. Tidak ada perbedaan efektifitas sebagai antibakteri antara ekstrak daun babadotan dan povidone iodine dalam menurunkan total koloni bakteri dalam susu. Terjadi penurunan tingkat peradangan kelenjar ambing (P0.01) dari rata-rata 6,9 sebelum teat dipping menjadi 4,2 sesudah teat dipping. Persentase penurunan tingkat peradangan ambing ekstrak daun babadotan lebih tinggi (P0.05) dari povidone iodine. pH susu setelah dipping lebih rendah (P0,05) dari pH susu sebelum dipping. Berdasarkan hasil dapat disimpulkan ekstrak daun babadotan dapat digunakan sebagai alternative antiseptik yang bertindak sebagai anti bakteri dan anti inflamasi dengan konsentrasi terbaik 5% ekstrak. (Effectiveness of Ageratum conyzoides leaves extract as green antiseptic for teat dipping practices in dairy cow) ABSTRACT. The research was conducted to determine the effectiveness babadotan leaf extract (BLE) as an active ingredient of antiseptic teat dip for inhibiting the entry of bacteria through the nipple, and to compare its effectiveness with synthetic antiseptic povidone iodine(PI). Twelve lactating dairycows suffering from subclinical mastitis were used in a completely randomized design. Teat dipping use 5%, 10% and 15% of BLE and PI 10% for 14 days. The result show average total bacterial colonies in milk was reduced significantly (P0.01) from 6,1-7,3log cfu/ml at before dipping to 4,4-6,0 log cfu/ml after dipping. There are no differences between BLE and PI in reducing total bacterial colonies. A decline in the level of the mammary glands inflammation (P0.01) from an average at before teat dipping 6.9 to 4.2 after teat dipping. Compared with PI, the percentage decrease in the level of mammary gland’s inflammation of cows using BLE antiseptic is significantly higher (P0.05). Milk pH at after teat dipping practices is lower (P0.05) than before dipping. In conclusion, BLE can be used as an alternativeantiseptic due to its effectiveness as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. The recommendation concentration of the babadotan antiseptic is 5% of extract.
Pengaruh Pemberian Urea dan Sulfur pada Pembuatan Silase Limbah Padat Bioetanol yang Diberi Starter Em-4
Authors: Suryani Yani , Hernaman Iman , M Yanti Jayanti
Published: September 2017

ABSTRAK. Pembuatan bioetanol berbahan dasar singkong menghasilkan limbah padat yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan pakan ternak. Namun, limbah tersebut memiliki kandungan nutrien yang rendah, apabila diberikan pada ternak secara langsung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan urea dan sulfur pada pembuatan silase limbah padat bioetanol dengan menggunakan starter EM-4 (Effective Mikroorganisms-4). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 3 x 3 dengan tiga kali ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah penambahan urea dengan dosis masing-masing N1=0%, N2=1,5%, dan N3=3%, dan faktor kedua adalah penambahan sulfur dengan dosis masing-masing S1=0,00%, S2=0,02%, dan S3=0,04% dari bahan kering. Peubah yang diukur adalah kandungan asam laktat, pH, susut bahan kering, dan serat kasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi antara penambahan urea dan sulfur. Kombinasi penambahan urea 3% dan sulfur 0,04% menghasilkan asam laktat paling tinggi, yaitu 1,30%, serta menghasilkan pH dan susut bahan kering paling rendah dengan nilai rata-rata 3,33 dan 9,02%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi urea 3% dan sulfur 0,04% merupakan perlakuan yang paling baik. (Effect of urea and sulfur addition on silage from bioethanol solid waste using EM-4 starters) ABSTRACT. In the making of bioethanol made of cassava as basic component produce solid waste that has potential as livestock feed. However, this waste product is of low nutritional value when given directly to the livestocks due to the high crude fiber. Therefore, waste should be done with pretreatment, and one of the way was done by fermentation. The aim of this research was to observe the effect of urea and sulfur additive in the making of bioethanol solid waste silage by using EM-4 starters. This research used 3 x 3 Completely Randomized Design with 3 replicates. The first factor was urea additive with different dosage N1=0%, N2=1.5%, N3=3%, and the second factor was sulfur additive with dosage S1=0.00%, S2=0.02%, S3=0.04%. The measured variables were concentration of lactic acid, pH, dry matter loss, and crude fiber content. The results showed that there were no interactions between urea and sulfur. Addition of 3% urea and 0,04% sulfur in substrate showed the highest of lactic acid with the average value of 1.32% and the lowest pH and crude fiber with average value 3.33 and 9.02%. It was concluded that combination of 3% urea and 0,04% sulfur was the best treatment.
Adopsi Inovasi Alat Pengering Ikan Kayu di Desa Nelayan Lampulo Banda Aceh
Authors: Sulaiman Ismail , Mulana Farid , Chairani Susi , Syafruddin Syafruddin
Published: September 2017

Abstrak
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Asam Askorbat dan Waktu Perendaman terhadap Kadar Air dan Bilangan Peroksida pada Minyak Kopra
Authors: Suryani Erma , Muhardina Virna
Published: September 2017

(Effect of Ascorbic Acid Concentration and Soaking Time on Water Content And Peroxide Numbers of Copra Oil) ABSTRACT. Copra oil is a product produced from the dried coconut through several stages of drying until the moisture content reaches 5-6%. Copra oil susceptible to oxidation due to containing high fat content. This causes the oil susceptible to rancidity, discoloration and odor. One of the efforts to prevent the oxidation of foods high in fat can be done with the giving ascorbic acid as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to determine the ascorbic acid concentration and coconut meat soaking time in the solution as well as to determine the effect of ascorbic acid on the water content and peroxide numbers of copra oil. This study used a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factorial and three levels: (1) ascorbic acid concentration (0.5%, 1% and 1.55%) and (2) soaking time (10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes). The results showed that ascorbic acid concentration has significant effect (P≤0,01) on peroxide number. While soaking time has significant effect on the water content and peroxide.
Optimasi Sintesa Dekstrin dari Umbi Janeng (Dioscore hispida Dennest) dengan Katalis Asam Nitrat (HNO3) Menggunakan Metode Permukaan Respon (RSM)
Authors: Sari Putri Meutia , Meilina Hesti , Rosnelyi Cut Meurah
Published: September 2017

Umbi Janeng (DioscoreaÂ hispidaÂ Dennst) dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pati dalam pembuatan dekstrin. Dekstrin merupakan produk degradasi pati secara hidrolisis dengan mengunakan asam ataupun enzim. Pembuatan dekstrin dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara salah satunya hidrolisa pati secara kering dengan menggunakan katalis asam. Asam yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu HNO3.Â  Penelitian bertujuan unutkmengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi HNO3 , waktu hidrolisis dan ukuran partikel terhadap kadar dekstrin yang dihasilkan.Â  Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Central Composite Design (CCD) tiga faktor peubah yaitu konsentrasi HNO3 , waktu hidrolisis dan ukuran partikel. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi HNO3, waktu hidrolisis dan ukuran partikel berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar dekstrin. Kadar dekstrin tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi HNO3 1,5N, waktu hidrolisis 40 menit dan ukuran partikel 100 mesh yaitu sebesar 6,48%.
Deteksi Cemaran Boraks, Formalin, Analisis Proksimat serta Persepsi Pembeli dan Pedagang Bakso yang Berada di Kota Lhokseumawe
Authors: Mirzal Juni , Rinidar Rinidar , Razali Razali , Sugito Sugito , Nurliana Nurliana
Published: September 2017

Meatballs are one of the foods that undergo processing and meatballs are very popular with people of various backgrounds and ages, where the meatballs assessed consumer acceptance of the characteristics that suit the tastes of consumers without regard to nutrition and food safety standards. This research aims to detect any contamination of borax and formaldehyde in meatballs circulating in the town of Lhokseumawe, analyze the levels proximate to the meatballs circulating in the town of Lhokseumawe, and to determine the level of consumer knowledge meatballs to formaldehyde and borax as harmful preservatives. The samples are meatball sauce and meatball skewers taken from meatballs traders in the city of Lhokseumawe. Results of research on the meatball sauce sold in the shop found a 12.5% positive samples containing borax, while samples meatball skewers sold in schools is not found contamination borax, formalin as well as in the examination did not reveal any contamination of formaldehyde in the meatball sauce and skewers. The test results of proximate levels meatball soup obtained average values and standard deviations where the protein content of 9.43 ± 1.00, 10.53 ± 4.08 fat content, water content of 65.88 ± 3.51, ash content 2 , 76 ± 0.65 and 11.40 ± carbohydrate content of 3.33 and between levels of education and knowledge of the relationship between education and knowledge meatballs consumers to the dangers of borax and formaldehyde when used in food products (P <0.05). Conclusions 12.5% found gravy meatball stall containing borax, and not found any contamination of formaldehyde in the sauce and meatballs skewers and education levels affect the buyer meatballs knowledge about the dangers of formaldehyde and borax, proximate levels meatballs sold in some gravy meatball stall in the town of Lhokseumawe meet the standard values proximate levels meatballs issued by SNI.
Karakteristik Roti Manis dari Pati Sagu yang Dimodifikasi dengan Lactobacillus plantarum 1 RN2-12112
Authors: Yusmarini Yusmarini , Johan Vonny Setiaries , Pato Usman , Rahmayuni Rahmayuni , Hidayati Septi
Published: September 2017

Pati sagu dapat dimodifikasi secara mikrobiologis dengan memanfaatkan isolat bakteri asam laktat   L. plantarum 1 RN2-12112. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk megetahui karakteristik  roti manis yang dibuat dengan memanfaatkan pati sagu temodifikasi sebagai bahan substitusi tepung terigu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa roti manis yang dibuat dengan memanfaatkan pati sagu termodifikasi dapat mengurangi penggunaan terigu. Pemanfaatan pati sagu termodifikasi secara mikrobiologis dalam pembuatan roti manis memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, karbohidrat dan volume pengembangan. Penambahan pati sagu hingga 45% masih menghasilkan roti manis yang memenuhi standar dengan tingkat pengembangan yang cukup baik.
Pengaruh Jenis Bunga Dan Waktu Pemetikan Terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri Bunga Kenanga (Cananga odorata)
Authors: Aisyah Yuliani , Haryani Sri , Maulidya Rulita
Published: September 2017

Essential oil is oil produced from plant extracts which is volatile at room temperature and has a unique fragrant smell as such its plant source. Cananga flower produces essential oil. This oil has antibacterial properties since it contains karyophyllene.  This kind of oil was extracted by using steam and water method. Antibacterial test was conducted against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by using disc diffusion method with 200 uL concentration. The research design used a randomized block design (RBD) with factorial pattern containing two factors. The first factor was type of flower (Cananga) (J) with three levels, namely J1 = big flower, J2 = small flower, J3 = combination of big and small flowers. The second factor was picking time (W) with two levels; W1 = in the morning, and W2 = in the evening. Combination treatment in this study was 2 × 3 = 6 (six) treatments with three (3) repetitions, thus obtained 18 experimental units. The results showed that the type of flower and picking time had no correlation to the yield, density, refractive index, but they revealed interaction or significant effect on the antibacterial test.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Minyak Kelapa Murni (Virgin Coconut Oil) dan Minyak Jarak (Castor Oil) terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia dan Organoleptik Sabun Mandi Cair
Authors: Widyasanti Asri , Junita Shayana , Nurjanah Sarifah
Published: September 2017

VCO contains of lauric acid that perform to smooth and to moisturize the skin. Castor oil has ricinoleic acid that serves to protect the skin. Therefore, both of the oil are suitable to be the raw material for liquid soap making. This study aimed were to produce a liquid soap, to determine the exact concentration of VCO and castor oil for liquid soap and to find out the effect of VCO and Castor Oil concentrations to the characteristics of liquid soap. The method used was laboratory experimental method with descriptive analysis. The treatments in this study were A =concentrations of VCO 100 %, B = concentrations of VCO 80 % and castor oil 20 %, C = concentrations of VCO 50 % and castor oil 50 %, D = concentrations of VCO 20 % and castor oil 80 %, and E = concentrations of castor oil 100 %,  from 200 gram soap base. The parameter observed for liquid soap included chemical properties, physical properties of soap, and organoleptic test. The result shows that all treatments complies the requirement SNI 06-4085-1996. The formula of liquid soap with treatment B was revealed as the best product with 0.01 % of total alkali content, pH value of 9.16 , specific gravity 1.06, and total plate count 5colonies/g. This technology process of natural liquid soap production with the VCO and castor oil could be develop and apply in industrial scale.
Utilization of Siwalan (Borassus flabellifer L) Plantation Waste for Kraft Paper Production
Authors: Gabriel Azmi Alvian
Published: September 2017

Borassus flabellifer L., one of the palm-based commodities in Indonesia which is grows in dry areas especially around the north coast of Java Island. An abundant waste of this plant is a leaf midrib and fruit fiber have an opportunity as a source of lignocellulose for the paper industry. In this study, Kraft paper production was conducted to know the influence of the proportion of Borassus flabellifer L. leaf midrib pulp and fruit fiber pulp, and the concentration of Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) adhesives on the sensory and physical quality of kraft paper. The research method used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors. The Friedman test was used to determine the sensory quality of kraft paper. The physical quality of kraft paper was used ANOVA analysis. The results showed that the treatment of raw material proportion and PVAc adhesive concentration had significant effect on color, surface texture, yield, and tensile resistance, but not significantly different between treatment of gramature and tear resistance. The best treatment of sensory tests was kraft paper with proportion of leaf midrib pulp 50% and fruit fiber pulp 50% and a 7.5% PVAc adhesive concentration. It has a yield value of 72.11%, gramature of 162.80 g/m2, tensile strength of 1.70 %, and tear resistance of 197.6 gf.
Land cover change modelling in Hyrcanian forests, Northern Iran: a landscape pattern and transformation analysis perspective
Authors: Shooshtari S.J. , Shayesteh K. , Gholamalifard M. , Azari M. , López-Moreno J.I.
Published: September 2017

The main objective of this study is to analyze the spatio-temporal changes in land cover and land use, (1984–2010), as well to simulate future land cover for 2030 in the Neka River Basin, including the Hyrcanian forest, in northern Iran. For this purpose, we used detailed land cover maps for the years 1984, 2001 and 2010. The results showed that the highest deforestation occurred in the boundaries between forest and agriculture areas between 1984 and 2010. Comparing the observed and predicted land cover in 2010 yielded agreement of 96.41%. From 1984 to 2010, landscape metrics showed that the forest area evolved to more fragmentation, with less shape complexity and less connectivity. Projections for the future are consistent with observed changes for the Neka landscape, with a tendency to continue disaggregating and increasing diversity in a number of different patch types. Between 2010 and 2030, we observed the arrival of new crops, rangelands, and urban areas within the remaining areas of homogeneous forest. Changes in the Hyrcanian forest will cause alteration in ecosystem services, such as erosion control, water yield, timber harvest, and ground water reservation. Results of this work may represent a useful tool to provide strategies and territorial planning for sustainable management of the fragile Hyrcanian forest ecosystems in the Neka Basin.
The epidemiological and clinicopathological study of benign breast disease with special reference to treatment regimen
Authors: Jaiswal Anand Kumar , Saxena Rakesh , Kumar Shesh
Published: September 2017

Background: Benign breast disease can be defined to include all those breast diseases which are not malignant. The diagnostic dilemma is for the disease like atypical ductal hyperplasia, mammary intra epithelial neoplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ.Methods: An epidemiological study of 78 patients of benign breast diseases who attend the surgery OPD or admitted as indoor patients in the department of general surgery, B.R.D. Medical College Gorakhpur during a period of one year.Results: Benign breast diseases were most common in third decade (51.28%) following fourth decade (23.07%) of life. Most of the patients belongs to middle (37.1%) and higher (32.5%) socioeconomic status. Fibroadenosis (34.61%) was found to be commonest lesion followed by fibroadenoma (26.92%) and mastitis (24.35%).Conclusions: In our study of benign breast disease, breast pain was the commonest presenting symptom (64.01%) followed by lump in the breast (42.3%). The final diagnosis of benign breast lesion in descending order was fibroadenosis (34.6%), fibroadenoma (26.9%), mastitis (24.4%), duct ectasia (3.8%) and dermatitis of nipple, gynaecomastia 2.56% each. Only one case each (1.2%) of cystosarcoma phyllode, duct papilloma, tuberculosis and galactocele was seen.
Prevalence of resting bradycardia, resting hypotension and orthostatic hypotension in chronic spinal cord injury patients
Authors: Ashta Kuldeep Kumar , Kumar Ravi
Published: September 2017

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event which usually leads to the impairment of autonomic nervous system and also causes many acute and chronic complications. There are very few clinical tests to assess the proper functioning of the autonomic nervous system. So, it is hypothesized to access the presence of resting bradycardia, resting hypotension and orthostatic hypotension and to use them as indirect indicators for the autonomic dysfunction in chronic spine cord injury (SCI) patients.Methods: The study was an analytic cross-sectional study, to assess the prevalence of resting bradycardia, resting hypotension and orthostatic hypotension in the spinal cord injury patients.Results: This study was conducted on 87 SCI patients, out of which 58 were paraplegics (21 having complete spinal cord injury, 37 with incomplete spinal cord injury) and 29 tetraplegics (13 with complete spinal cord injury, 16 with incomplete spinal cord injury). Orthostatic hypotension (67% vs 48.65%), resting hypotension (38.09% versus 29.7%) and resting bradycardia (33.33% versus 27.03%) were more amongst paraplegics patients with complete spinal cord injury as compared to paraplegics with incomplete spinal cord injury patients. All tetraplegic patients with complete spinal cord injury had resting bradycardia. Orthostatic hypotension, resting hypotension was found to be greater in tetraplegic patients with complete spinal cord injury.Conclusions: Complications due to autonomic impairment pose day to day difficulties in life of chronic SCI patients hampering their quality of life. So, the assessment of autonomic functions must be a part of clinical evaluation of individuals with SCI and efforts must be made to tackle these complications in the best possible way.
Конкуренция объектов коммерческой недвижимости в условиях урбанизации (на примере города Новосибирска)
Authors: Гарина Светлана Александровна
Published: September 2017

Коммерческая недвижимость, являясь неотъемлемой составляющей городского пространства, является источником дохода. Здоровая конкуренция среди альтернативных вариантов использования объектов коммерческой недвижимости как построенных, так и планируемых к строительству зданий приведет к увеличению доходности от таких объектов, что особенно важно в условиях урбанизации. Необходимо изучать новые форматы с точки зрения назначения объектов коммерческой недвижимости. В частности, для города Новосибирска (Новосибирской агломерации) представляется актуальным развитие таких направлений, как недвижимость для размещения апартаментов, аутлет-центры, комьюнити-центры, центры для туризма (центры развлечений).
Стоимостной инжиниринг: формирование стоимости строительства
Authors: Мухаррамова Эльмира Рафаиловна , Файзуллин Ирек Энварович , Ажимова Лилия Ирековна
Published: September 2017

В статье рассмотрены проблемы, связанные с определением реальной стоимости строительства объекта в составе стоимостного инжиниринга. Из всех известных этапов стоимостного инжиниринга авторами выделяются наиболее значимые этапы, такие как «сметное ценообразование» и «формирование стоимости строительства». Показано влияние существующих методов составления локальных сметных расчетов на стоимость строительства всего объекта. Рассматриваются, вопросы, связанные с ценообразованием в строительстве и о необходимости нововведений в существующие методы составлении локальных сметных расчетов. Такого рода нововведения в ценообразовании и сметном деле должны положительно повлиять на составление сметных расчетов и определение стоимости строительства объекта. В статье представлен алгоритм по проведению комплексной оценки стоимости строительства объекта с целью дальнейшего обеспечения оптимальными показателями стоимости инвестиционно-строительного проекта.
Материалы статьи имеют определенную практическую значимость, несомненно, могут быть использованы при проведении занятий на курсах профессиональной переподготовке сотрудников предприятий инвестиционно-строительного комплекса, в учебном процессе при подготовке, как будущих инженеров, так и экономистов.
Оценка стратегических последствий применения PR-технологий рейдерами
Authors: Магомедов Шамиль Магомедович
Published: September 2017

Применение такого метода как черный PR набирает популярность в бизнес-среде. Это объясняется, с одной стороны, распространением рейдерских захватов в России, с другой – постоянным развитием интернет-технологий, которые способствуют быстрому доведению информации до выбранных целевых аудиторий. В статье описаны технологии черного PR, используемые рейдерами при захвате компании-цели, такие как заказные статьи, смс-рассылки, публичные выступления и т.д. Также в статье приводятся сведения, которые используют рейдеры при информационной атаке. Самым мощным оружием выступает найденные материалы компрометирующего характера в отношении руководителей целевой компании. В качестве выводов, приводятся стратегические последствия для целевой компании, которая игнорирует признаки начавшейся информационной войны со стороны конкурентов или рейдеров. Сюда можно отнести снижение деловой репутации компании или ее дальнейшее банкротство.
ADAPTING DOMESTIC PRODUCT WITHIN CULTURAL MIGRATION IN MALAYSIA
Authors: R Rahman , M Suhirman
Published: September 2017

Planning one new product for the cultural migrating community, users determined needs may be particularly unpredictable in a changing society. The growth of products from abroad might overlook the diversity of users’ culture. This shift is a challenge product planner and political experts. This paper illustrates how social researcher engaged in understanding about cultural migration and domestic product trend in Malaysia, where individuals, who find themselves in new environments, use and adapt household products to support both traditional and developing expectations. Findings from this work are beneficial to propose some principles of product migration in practice, and techniques for
¿Hacia un nuevo derecho de sociedades? Reflexiones desde el derecho español
Authors: Embid Irujo José Miguel
Published: September 2017

El Derecho de sociedades se ha convertido en una categoría jurídica inestable como consecuencia de las continuas reformas que experimenta en todos los ordenamientos jurídicos. A pesar de ser una rama del Derecho privado, la contribución más importante a esa modificación proviene del legislador. Así se pone de manifiesto en el Derecho español, donde una de las novedades más significativas en la materia viene constituida por el Anteproyecto de Código Mercantil, aprobado por el Gobierno español en 2015, que contiene una amplia y minuciosa regulación societaria. El trabajo expone los caracteres fundamentales de dicho texto y su posible relieve para la evolución futura del Derecho de sociedades.
Obligaciones a cargo del locatario en el contrato de leasing habitacional con destino a la vivienda familiar, que no guardan relacion con su calidad de tenedor
Authors: Arrieta Blanquicett Maria Cristina
Published: September 2017

El contrato de leasing habitacional con destino a la vivienda familiar, se implementó en Colombia desde hace más de una década, siendo de mucha utilidad para el desarrollo de la economía del País, en especial para la adquisición de vivienda.A pesar de su gran utilidad con la ejecución del mismo, han surgido múltiples conflictos, razones por las que es imperioso construir una regulación legal armonizada con su filosofía, como lo es “Crear nuevos mecanismos de financiación de vivienda a largo y mediano plazo en Colombia”. Todo lo anterior, para poderle dar un amplio desarrollo al postulado establecido en el artículo 51 de la Constitución Política de 1991, en el que se garantiza el derecho a acceder a una vivienda digna.Comoquiera que la regulación jurídica del leasing habitacional con destino a la vivienda familiar ha sido bastante escasa y teniendo en cuenta su naturaleza atípica, se requiere identificar cuáles son las obligaciones que surgen para los contratantes, especialmente para el locatario; teniendo en cuenta que entre este y el bien dado en leasing existe una relación tenencial.El leasing habitacional con destino a la vivienda familiar además de ser un contrato atípico, también es un contrato de carácter financiero, razones por las que las entidades autorizadas para celebrar este tipo de operaciones imponen al locatario diversas cláusulas que pueden ser ajenas a la calidad de tenedor que tiene el locatario; y por ende, podrían resultar abusivas a la luz de la Constitución Política, la ley y la doctrina referente a la protección al consumidor.Conforme a la anterior realidad, tanto el legislador como la Corte Constitucional han establecido directrices para la implementación de mecanismos que propendan por la protección del locatario, teniendo en cuenta que el objeto del contrato de leasing habitacional con destino a la vivienda familiar, recae sobre un derecho humano. Así las cosas, resulta útil identificar cuáles son las obligaciones a cargo del locatario que no guardan relación con su calidad de tenedor; para poder valorarlas y concluir que estas, riñen con las políticas de protección establecidas para el locatario.
Los conflictos de intereses de los administradores y su aplicación en el manejo de la información privilegiada
Authors: García Niño Mónica
Published: September 2017

El deber de lealtad que tiene el administrador dentro de una sociedad puede verse incumplido cuando en cabeza del administrador se radiquen dos intereses (el interés de la sociedad y un interés personal o extrasocial) que se contrapongan y este privilegie el interés extrasocial. Una de las circunstancias que puede llevar a esa contraposición de intereses se produce respecto de la información privilegiada de la sociedad y su uso indebido la cual no se protégé únicamente en el derecho societario sino dada su importancia es protegida por otras áreas del derecho.
Problemáticas del arbitraje virtual y algunas reflexiones a la luz del estatuto arbitral internacional colombiano
Authors: Namén Baquero David
Published: September 2017

El arbitraje virtual es figura legis de gran interés. Su temática ha tenido mayor desarrollo a nivel internacional donde se han identificado una serie de obstáculos ligados al pacto arbitral, el procedimiento y la eficacia de la decisión arbitral adoptada por medios telemáticos. En el presente estudio, se analizarán estas cuestiones y su tratamiento en el Estatuto Arbitral Internacional Colombiano-Ley 1563 de 2012-.
Principales causas de mortalidad de las compañías de comercio en la región central de Ecuador
Authors: Núñez Grijalva Jorge Vladimir , Peñaloza López Verónica Leonor , Armijos Velasco Edwin José
Published: September 2017

La mayor parte de los estudios referentes a las compañías de comercio, abordan los aspectos relativos a la etapa inicial en la vida de estas, como es su etapa de constitución. Sin embargo, muy pocos estudios han analizado la etapa final de una compañía y especialmente, las causas que provocan su mortalidad y cierre. El presente artículo pretende analizar las principales causas de mortalidad de las compañías de comercio, desde tres ámbitos diversos y complementarios a la vez: legal, administrativo y contable-financiero, en las sociedades mercantiles de la Región Central de Ecuador. Esta investigación proporciona una síntesis de las principales causas de mortalidad, las cuales deberían ser consideradas por los actuales y futuros empresarios, con el objeto de fortalecer sus decisiones relativas a la supervivencia de las compañías.
El fronting: perspectiva a partir del ordenamiento jurídico colombiano
Authors: Gaona Corredor Tatiana
Published: September 2017

La legislación colombiana no se ha ocupado de definir el contrato de reaseguro y de la operatividad que conlleva el fronting. Por tanto, se hace indispensable establecer cuáles son sus principales características, tipos y en especial las obligaciones y derechos de las partes que intervienen cuando una operación de este tipo es puesta en ejecución.
Increased total antioxidant capacity in renal tissue of female BWF1 mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi
Authors: Maksoud Mostafa A. Abdel- , Ghaffar Fathy A. Abdel- , Amir Azza El- , Badr Gamal , Quraishy Saleh Al-
Published: September 2017

We have investigated the effect of malaria infection on the urine biochemistry and the renal and hepatic levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in female BWF1 lupus mice. A total of 30 female BWF1 lupus mice were divided into three groups as follows: group (I) control group; group (II) lupus mice infected with live Plasmodium. chabaudi; group (III) lupus mice infected with irradiated P. chabaudi. Mice were killed at day 14 post-infection and plasma samples were collected. live P. chabaudi infection was associated with decreased level of glucose in urine (glucosuria), increased urinary level of both ketones (ketonuria) and blood (hematuria). Additionally, live P. chabaudi infection was associated with increased level of TAC in the renal tissue with decreased level of TAC in the hepatic tissue of infected mice. In conclusion, P. chabaudi infection has a direct effect on the urine biochemistry and the renal and hepatic levels of TAC in BWF1 mice.
Vulnerability of dairy based livelihoods to climate variability and change- A study of Western Ghat Region- Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Radhakrishnan Aparna , Gupta Jancy , DileepKumar R.
Published: September 2017

This study examines vulnerability of dairy based livelihoods to climate change applying index based approach underlying the principles of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), using 28 indicators to construct an overall Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) to climate change, an important step in evolving appropriate adaptation strategies to climate change. Detailed house hold level data of dairy based livelihoods of Ratnagiri region of Western Ghats were collected through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and personal interviews from 180 randomly selected farmers of three talukas of Ratnagiri district complemented by thirty years of gridded weather data and other secondary data sources. The analysis revealed that the dairy farmers of Lanja taluka were most vulnerable among those of Ratnagiri district.The index score of dairy based livelihoods of Lanja taluka was negative with overall value -4.17 with 48% farmers having high level of vulnerability.