bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Species Identification of Calves Eimerosis in Sebeta Town, Oromia Specila Zone, Ethiopia
Authors:   Animal Health Institute, P.O. Box: 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia, T Ashagrie , D Zewde ,   Animal Health Institute, P.O. Box: 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia, H Yemanebrhan ,   Samara University, Afar Samara, Ethiopia, M Yenew ,   Samara University, Afar Samara, Ethiopia, B Yalew ,   Animal Health Institute, P.O. Box: 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
Published: March 2024

A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to July 2022 with the objectives of estimating the prevalence of coccidiosis, identifying Eimeria species involved, and assessing the associated risk factors in randomly selected 9 kebeles of Sebeta town dairy farms. Three hundred five fecal samples were randomly collected from calves to examine for the presence of Oocyst of Eimeria by floatation technique using saturated salt solution. For positive samples, solution of 2.5% potassium dichromate was added to the feces containing the Ocysts for preservation and identification of the Eimeria species. The overall prevalence of coccidiosis at animal level and herd level was 57.5% (157/305) and 78.7% (48/61) respectively. The most dominant identified Eimeria species were E. zuernii, E. auburnensis and E. canadinensis with the prevalence of 45.22% (71/157), 17.83% (28/157) and 14.01(22/157) respectively. Under host related factor there was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) of sex, breed and fecal consistence with infection of Eimeria species but age, body condition and herd size were not significantly associated (p>0.05) with Eimeria infection. With regard to non-host related factor kebele, barn hygiene, management system, water and feed source was statistically significant (p<0.05) with Eimeria infection. However, house condition and pen type were not significantly associated (p>0.05) with Eimeria infection. By using univariable logistic analysis the risk of getting coccidian infection was observed in kebele, sex, breed, barn hygiene, management, water and feed source, but the risk factors such as; age, body condition, fecal consistency, herd size, house condition and pen type were found to be statistically insignificant for Eimeria infection rate (p>0.05). Indeed, the study revealed that calf coccidiosis is prevalent in dairy farms of Sebeta town. Hence, appropriate disease prevention and control program need to be undertaken to reduce its impact. More ever, we recommend to use PCR diagnostic technique which is more reliable, sensitive and less time-consuming for detection of Eimeria.
A Short Review on Illumina Sequencing Technology
Authors:   Animal Health Institute, Sebeta, Ethiopia, C Guyassa
Published: March 2024

DNA sequencing is that the method of crucial the supermolecule sequence – the order of nucleotides in deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes any methodology or technology that’s accustomed verify the order of the four bases: A, guanine, cytosine, and T. Illumina technology is sequencing by synthesis approach and is presently the foremost used technology within the NGS market. Throughout the primary step, the deoxyribonucleic acid samples are arbitrarily fragmented into sequences and adapters are ligated to each ends of every sequence.
Assessment on the Awareness of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance on Human Health and Animal Health Professionals and Antimicrobial Profile of Staphylococcus aureus from Kality Clinic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors:   Addis Ababa University College of Agriculture and Vterinary Medicine, Ethiopia, Ayelaw Bamlak Kassahun , Abera Leliso Shubisa ,   Animal Health Institute (AHI), Ethiopia
Published: March 2024

A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was conducted from November 2021 to March 2022 to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus. A questionnaire survey was also undertaken to assess the awareness of human and animal health professionals from St.Paul Hospital and Addis Ababa University- Aklilu Lemma Pathobiology Institute / AAU-ALIPB/ on antimicrobial drug resistance. Out of the 40 participants 20 of them were physicians and the remaining 20 were veterinarians. Among the interviewed 20 veterinary professionals 80% of them were well aware of antimicrobial drug resistance and its impact on animal and public health. Parallel to that all veterinarians involved in this questionnaire survey or 100% of them had previous knowledge on one health approach and its role in solving the problem of anti-microbial drug resistance. Compared to the veterinarians, about 39.3% of physicians had poor awareness and knowledge on AMDR. Besides this only 40% of the physician know about one health approach and its role in fighting against AMDR. A statistically significant (P<0.05) relation was observed between the professionals and their knowledge. A total of Forty wounds, and nasal and vaginal swab samples from bovine, ovine, caprine and equine species were collected for Staphylococcus aureus isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility test. The samples collected from Kality veterinary clinic were examined using standard microbiological techniques including culture, colony characterization, primary and secondary biochemical tests as well as species-level identification of S.aureus done by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Bio typer. Among the 40 samples, only 3 S.aureus is confirmed. Out of the tested 3 isolates, 100% of them were highly resistant to Penicillin G, and 100% of isolates were equally susceptible to all list of drugs used. Staphylococcus aureus completely develops resistance to penicillin G which mean this antibiotic doesn’t have any relevant importance in treating clinical cases that are caused by pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus species in both human and animal.
A Review of Swine Brucellosis in Ethiopia: Epidemiology, World Distribution, Risk Factors of Infection, Public Health and Economic Importance
Authors:   Animal Health Institute, Sebeta, Oromia, Ethiopia, GK Demena , M Sorsa ,   Ambo University, Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia
Published: March 2024

Brucellosis is an emerging disease causing devastates loss in the livestock industry and considered as contagious bug producing chronic infections however it is one of the world’s neglected zoonosis. Though epidemiological data are limited, swine brucellosis occurs with different rate of incidence in sub Saharan African countries. There are several reports on the prevalence rate of the disease in most parts of Ethiopia in different animal species except in pigs. This review denotes the epidemiology of the bacteria, an overview of its distribution, and Risk factors of infection and Public Health importance.
Constraint and Opportunity of Village Chicken Production in Ethiopia
Authors:   Ministry of Agriculture Animal Healthy Institute., Garoma Abebe
Published: March 2024

The higher chicken ownership of women was observed in all of the three agro-climatic zones Feeding, watering, cleaning, house construction, treating sick chicken, and buying and selling live chicken are common activities in poultry farms. Approximately 80% of the chicken populations in Africa are reared in free scavenging systems. Small holder farming families, landless labourers and people with incomes below the poverty line are able to raise chicken with low inputs and harvest the benefits of eggs and meat via scavenging feed resources. In most African countries, the rural chicken population accounts for more than 60% of the total national chicken population. Ethiopia is more responsible for chicken rearing in both male and female headed households, while men are responsible for crop cultivation and other off-farm activities. In a number of African countries, approximately 80% of the chicken flocks are owned and largely controlled and managed by rural women. In male headed households, the wife and husband are coowners of the chickens but sometimes children own some chicken in the flock and are allowed to sell their chicken and eggs to cover expenses for school or to purchase clothes. The proportional contribution of poultry to the total animal protein production of the world by the year 2020 is believed to increase to 40%, the major increase being in the developing world. However, most communities lack the required husbandry skills, training and opportunity to effectively improve their household chicken production.
Brucellosis in Borena Cattle: - Seroprevalence and Awareness of the Pastoral Community in Yabello Ethiopia
Authors:   Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) 62347, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Jilo Roba , Abera Shubisa ,   Animal Health Institute (AHI) P.O.Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia, Duguma Ararsa ,   Livestock Development Institute (LDI) P.O.Box 22692, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Published: March 2024

The study was cross-sectional and the objectives of the study were: estimation of prevalence of bovine brucellosis, assessment of risk factors and assessment of knowledge of pastoralist about the disease and its risk factors in Borana cattle at Dida Tuyura ranch and its surrounding. The study animals were selected by multi-stage sampling. Blood was collected from selected animals and serum was extracted. The Sera samples were screened using the rose Bengal plate (RBPT) test and those which tested positive were further tested using Complement fixation test (CFT) for confirmation. Sixteen (16) cattle out of 661 (2.4%; 95 5 CI: 1.39, 3.9) tested using RBPT were found to be positive. However, only 5 animals were found positive with CFT in animal sampled from Dida Tuyura Ranch yielding a prevalence of 1.47% (95% CI: 0.48, 3.41). from Six animals which gave positive reaction to RBPT from pastoralists’ herd in the vicinity of the ranch only two gave positive reaction to CFT yielding a prevalence of 0.62% (95% CI: 0.162, 4.73). Taken together the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis as revealed by CFT 1.1% (95% CI: 0.43, 2.17). Univariable logistic regression analysis showed that previous history of abortion and retained fetal membranes were significantly associated with seropositivity to brucellosis (P<0.05) whereas sex, age, parity, body condition and PAs were not associated with infection with Brucella (P>0.05). In the multivariable analysis, only abortion (OR=13.46, p<0.05)) remained to be independently associated with brucellosis seropositivity whereas other not. The results of questionnaire survey revealed that the majority of the pastoralists or cattle attendants do not have sufficient knowledge about brucellosis and are at risk of acquiring the infection. Therefore, educating the pastoralists about the disease through extension service on the handling of aborted fetuses and assistance of delivery is important.
Isolation and Identification of Staphylococcus Species from Cottage Cheese and Yoghurt in Selected Districts of East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia
Authors:   Jimma University Collega of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine P.O.Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia, Kabeta Tadele , Abera Shubisa ,   Animal Health Institute (AHI), P.O.Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia, Kebede Girma ,   Wollega University, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O.Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia, Duguma Ararsa ,   Livestock Development Institute (LDI) P.O.Box 22692, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Published: March 2024

A cross-sectional study was conducted to isolate and identify staphylococcus species from cottage cheese and yogurt in selected district of east Wollega zone, Ethiopia, from April 2017 to December 2017. A total of 188 milk product (62 cheeses and 126 yogurts) were collected from study areas. Of the total 188 milk product examined 69(36.7%) were positive for staphylococcus species. The result indicated that 25(13.3%) cottage cheese and 44(23.4%) yogurt samples were contaminated with staphylococcus species. The S. aureus was the most frequently isolated species among different samples accounting for 44(23.4%), followed by S. intermedius 11(5.9%), CNS 8(4.3%) and S. hyicus 6(3.2%). Prevalence of Staphylococcus were significantly higher (p<0.05) in plastics containers 76(40.4%) than others storage materials of milk product. This study revealed that, the prevalence of Staphylococcus species has statistically significant difference (P=0.002) among study districts of the area. The distribution of prevalent Staphylococci over different geographical area is indicators for lack of proper personal, environmental hygiene and sanitation; and absence of difference in animal husbandry practice in all study area. Hence, implementing strict hygienic control measures is important in order to guarantee the quality of cattle derivative food products.
Discovery of Potent Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonists Derived from Akuammicine
Authors: Hennessy Madeline R. , Creed Simone M. , Gutridge Anna M. , Rhoda Elizabeth S. , van Rijn Richard M. , Riley Andrew P.
Published: March 2024

Akuammicine (1), an indole alkaloid isolated from the seeds of Picralima nitida, is a selective agonist of the kappa opioid receptor (κOR). To establish structure-activity relationships (SAR) for this structurally unique κOR ligand, a collection of 26 semisynthetic derivatives of 1 were synthesized. Evaluating these derivatives for their ability to activate the κOR and mu opioid receptor (µOR) revealed key SAR trends and identified derivatives with enhanced κOR potency. Most notably, substitutions to the C10 position of the aryl ring led to a >200-fold improvement in κOR potency and nearly complete selectivity for the κOR over other CNS receptor targets. Activation of the κOR by these analogues also results in the recruitment of β-Arrestin-2, indicating they are balanced agonists and have distinct signaling properties from other recently identified κOR agonists. The discovery of these κOR agonists underscores the potential of using natural products to identify new classes of highly potent and selective ligands and provides new pharmacology tools to probe the κOR.
Grind-and-Heat: Solvent-free Catalytic C–H and C–X Functionalization Without a Ball Mill
Authors: Méndez-Gálvez Carolina , Olsthoorn Boris , Barnå Fredrik , Estébanez Rosich David , Gates Paul , Pilarski Lukasz
Published: March 2024

This study describes an accessible approach to various solvent-free transition metal-catalyzed C–H and C–X functionalizations. Conditions from eight different Rh-, Ru-, Ir- and Pd-based mechanochemical reactions are adapted to proceed with generally high efficiency by substituting automated ball milling with pestle and mortar grinding and subsequent heating. This is a low-cost, operationally simple method that requires no specialized equipment and offers similar sustainability benefits. The reaction scope encompasses 10 heterocycle types, many pendant functional groups and is demonstrated on the late-stage modification of a variety of bioactive compounds.
Total synthesis of a peptide diatom sex pheromone bearing an unusual sulfated aspartic acid
Authors: White Andrew , Schwartz Brett , Gardiner Michael , Malins Lara
Published: March 2024

The peptide Sex Inducing Pheromone SIP+ bearing an unusual sulfated aspartic acid residue induces sexual reproduction in diatom populations. Herein, we report the first total synthesis of SIP+ using both a sulfated building block approach and a SPPS compatible late-stage sulfation strategy to assemble the natural product. The modular approaches provide concise routes to useful quantities of the natural product for future SAR investigations examining the role of SIP+ in diatom biology.
Photoredox Catalyzed Strain-Release Driven Synthesis of Functionalized Spirocyclobutyl Oxindoles
Authors: Hari Durga Prasad , Singha Tushar , Bapat Nakul Abhay , Mishra Subrat Kumar
Published: March 2024

Spirocyclobutyl oxindoles have garnered substantial attention in drug discovery and pharmaceuticals owing to their wide range of biological activities. Strain-release in small-ring compounds is a powerful strategy to enable efficient access to complex molecules. In this study, we have successfully realized a photoredox-catalyzed strain-release radical spirocyclization approach to attain functionalized spirocyclobutyl oxindoles. A diverse array of radicals, such as sulfonyl, phosphonyl, and trifluoromethyl, were added efficiently to the strained C-C bond of bicyclobutanes (BCBs) to afford a library of spirocyclobutyl oxindoles. Furthermore, the obtained products could be transformed into valuable building blocks. The observed reactivity and selectivity have been rationalized based on density functional theory calculations.
Bayesian optimization of radical polymerization reactions in a flow synthesis system
Authors: Takasuka Shogo , Ito Sho , Oikawa Shunto , Harashima Yosuke , Takayama Tomoaki , Nag Aniruddha , Wakiuchi Araki , Ando Tsuyoshi , Sugawara Tetsunori , Hatanaka Miho , Miyao Tomoyuki , Matsubara Takamitsu , Ohnishi Yu-ya , Ajiro Hiroharu , Fujii Mikiya
Published: March 2024

The proportional amounts of monomers within a copolymer will greatly affect the properties of the material. However, as known as composition drift, the monomer ratio in a copolymer can deviate from the value expected from the raw material ratio due to differences in monomer reactivity. Hence, it is therefore necessary to optimize the polymerization process on the basis that this inevitable composition drift will take place. In the present study, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers were generated using a flow synthesis system and the processing variables were tuned employing Bayesian optimization (BO) to obtain a target composition. Initial trials employed BO to produce four candidate points per cycle, completing the optimization within five cycles, and the solvent-to-monomer ratio was identified as the most important variable. Subsequent BO tests employed 40 points per cycle and established that multiple sets of processing conditions could provide the desired composition, but with variations in the physical properties of the copolymers. The role of each variable in the radical polymerization reaction was elucidated by assessing the extensive array of processing conditions while evaluating several broad trends. The proposed model confirms that specific monomer proportions can be produced in a copolymer using machine learning while investigating the reaction mechanism. In the future, the use of multi-objective BO to fine-tune the processing conditions is expected to allow optimization of the copolymer composition together with adjustment of physical properties.
HTE OS: A High-Throughput Experimentation Workflow built from the Ground up
Authors: Wuitschik Georg , Jost Vera , Schindler Torsten , Jakubik Michal
Published: March 2024

HTE OS is a free, open-source High-Throughput Experimentation workflow that supports practitioners from experiment submission all the way to results presentation. A core Google Sheet is responsible for reaction planning and execution as well communication with users and robots. All generated data is funneled into Spotfire where users can analyze it. Tools for parsing of LCMS-data and translation of chemical identifiers provide data wrangling capabilities to complete the workflow.
Discovery of molecular intermediates and non-classical nanoparticle formation mechanisms by liquid phase electron microscopy and reaction throughput analysis
Authors: Sun Jiayue , Fritsch Birk , Korner Andreas , Taherkhani Mehran , Park Chiwoo , Wang Mei , Hutzler Andreas , Woehl Taylor
Published: March 2024

The formation kinetics of metal nanoparticles are generally described via mass transport and thermodynamics-based models, such as diffusion limited growth and classical nucleation theory (CNT). However, metal monomers are commonly assumed as precursors, leaving the identity of molecular intermediates and their contribution to nanoparticle formation unclear. Here we utilize liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) and reaction kinetic modeling to establish the nucleation and growth mechanisms and discover molecular intermediates during silver nanoparticle formation. Quantitative LPTEM measurements showed that their nucleation rate decreased while growth rate was nearly invariant with electron dose rate. Reaction kinetic simulations showed that Ag4 and Ag- followed a statistically similar dose rate dependence as the experimentally determined growth rate. We demonstrate that experimental growth rates are consistent with diffusion limited growth via attachment of these species to nanoparticles. Dose rate dependence of nucleation rate was inconsistent with CNT. We propose a reaction limited nucleation mechanism and demonstrate that experimental nucleation kinetics are consistent with Ag42+ aggregation rates at millisecond time scales. Reaction throughput analysis of the kinetic simulations uncovered formation and decay pathways mediating intermediate concentrations. The work demonstrates the power of quantitative LPTEM combined with kinetic modeling for establishing nanoparticle formation mechanisms and the principal intermediates.
DeepCt: Predicting pharmacokinetic concentration-time curves and compartmental models from chemical structure using deep learning
Authors: Beckers Maximilian , Yonchev Dimitar , Desrayaud Sandrine , Gerebtzoff Grégori , Rodríguez-Pérez Raquel
Published: March 2024

After initial triaging using in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) assays, pharmacokinetic (PK) studies are the first application of promising drug candidates in living mammals. Pre-clinical PK studies characterize the evolution of the compound’s concentration over time, typically in rodents’ blood or plasma. From this concentration-time (C-t) profiles, PK parameters such as total exposure or maximum concentration can be subsequently derived. An early estimation of compounds’ PK offers the promise of reducing animal studies and cycle times by selecting and designing molecules with increased chances of success at the PK stage. Even though C-t curves are the major readout from a PK study, most machine learning-based prediction efforts have focused on the derived PK parameters instead of C-t profiles, likely due to the lack of approaches to model the underlying ADME mechanisms. Herein, a novel deep learning approach termed DeepCt is proposed for the prediction of C-t curves from the compound structure. Our methodology is based on the prediction of an underlying mechanistic compartmental PK model, which enables further simulations, and predictions of single- and multiple-dose C-t profiles.
The Making of the Early Modern Witch
Authors: Weishar Robyn
Published: March 2024

Tales of witches and other magical creatures have fascinated humans for centuries, becoming become more elusive with the growing documentation of crime and the rise of what has sometimes been called the “Godly state.” Witches have become a staple in modern-day popular culture, especially in Western nations that celebrate the folk holiday of Halloween. Most imagery of witches takes on a feminine physiognomy, which is characterized by undesirableness such as old age, lower class, and being defined by ‘ugliness.’ It is not definitive when witchcraft or the image of witches took on the female form, nonetheless such an idea has remained the prominent understanding to this day. This paper analyzes witchcraft across early modern Europe and argues that witchcraft has been deemed a “female crime” due to the influence of patriarchal society and the misunderstanding of the female body.
Diversity and Inclusion in Science Education: Why? A Literature Review
Authors: Mamlok-Naaman Rachel
Published: March 2024

In the last twenty years, there has been a consensus around the world that effective science education is vital to economic success in the emerging knowledge age. It is also suggested that knowledge of science and scientific ways of thinking is essential to participation in democratic decisionmaking. Students may recognise differences and advocate diversity, but assimilating those ideas requires the creation of conditions in which students can think deeply about situations that require tolerance. Schools in many countries and regions of the world are places shaped by cultural diversity. One may observe that in many schools there are social developments like migration and demographic and value change, consequently increasing the diversity of students. The issue of diversity in science education is therefore tackled according to many aspects, e.g., culture, language, scientific literacy and gender. The aim of the present literature review is to align the ERASMUS+ project Diversity in Science towards Social Inclusion with studies and views regarding diversity and inclusion in science education. The main goals of this project were to promote inclusive education and to train and foster the education of disadvantaged learners through a range of measures, including supporting education staff in addressing diversity and reinforcing diversity among education staff. Practices dealing with dimensions of diversity and inclusion in science education are developed and the partners shared the good practices that they developed.
Maternal hygiene practices amongst mothers of infants and young children in Mohali (Punjab): A cross sectional study
Authors: Pradhan Dr. Ritu , Sobti Anupreet Kaur
Published: March 2024

The United Nations (UN) General Assembly recognized the human right to water and sanitation in 2010, emphasizing the importance of sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible, and affordable water for all individuals. Ensuring these criteria is vital for the health and well-being of communities, particularly infants and young children. This study aims to assess WASH practices amongst mothers of children aged 0-2 years in Mohali District, Punjab, India, and their implications for child health during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the administration of questionnaire, prevailing perceptions and practices about breastfeeding were assessed. This would identify the need for targeted education and support initiatives to ensure informed decision-making among mothers. Our findings also revealed appropriate WASH practices amongst majority of surveyed mothers (88.4%). This was found to be closely linked to their educational qualifications. Maternal education and awareness about appropriate WASH practices and importance of COVID vaccination for mothers of infants and young children may play a pivotal role in implementing WHO recommendations. Furthermore, the research highlights the necessity of continuous monitoring and evaluation of WASH practices among mothers, as they are the primary caregivers for their children. Inadequate hygiene practices among women can have profound consequences on child nutrition and overall health. Therefore, proactive interventions to enhance WASH practices among women are crucial for the future well-being of society.
The Issue of Rendering Personal Names in the Context of Transition of Turkic Languages to the Latin Script: A Case Study of Azerbaijani, Turkish, and Kazakh Languages – A Secondary Publication
Authors: Shamilov Raviddin Mirzoevich
Published: March 2024

The paper deals with a comparative and contrastive analysis of the experience Azerbaijani and Turkish languages have gained in the transition to the Latin script. The methods of rendering personal names from European languages which, similarly to Azerbaijani and Turkish, use the Latin alphabet into the specified Turkic languages and vice versa are considered. The author presumes that the way the problem of rendering personal names as a special category of proper names is solved provides the grounds for giving an opinion on how successful the integration of a language that has switched to a Latin-based alphabet into a family of languages and cultures sharing the similar Latin alphabets has been or is going to be. In this respect, the study is topical since it enables one, by considering similar experiences of the languages involved, to forecast the trajectory the Kazakh language, intending to switch to the Latin-based alphabet in the near future, is going to follow. The novelty of the study consists of the linguistic forecasting method applied, which implies solely the study of the real experience of the languages subject to study and therefore provides the forecast with one hundred percent verifiability to be achieved once Kazakhstan has entirely transitioned to the Latin script. The theoretical value of the research consists in a contribution it makes to the methodological basis of the comparative and contrastive studies of related languages, including the creation of alphabets for them, as well as in the possibility of making use of the results achieved herein in further studies aimed at theoretical comprehending the peculiarities of a language functioning in the translation aspect after it transitions to a new alphabet. The study has made it possible to identify the methods of rendering personal names from/to European languages, used nowadays in Turkish (absolute and relatively complete transfer) and Azerbaijani (transcription and transliteration) languages. Through the prism of practical experience of these languages, an objective forecast is made with respect to the Kazakh language in case of its complete transition to the Latin-based alphabet. The paper concludes that the Kazakh language has reasons to follow either the way of Turkish, as the language of the state, which to a certain extent has managed to successfully integrate into Europe in cultural, economic, and political terms, and what Kazakhstan certainly strives for, or the way of Azerbaijani, to which the Kazakh language is connected with ties of a shared cultural and historical past.
VSEVOLOD IVANOV'S TRILOGY ABOUT THE BORODINO FIELD: HISTORICAL CONTEXTS
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Papkova Elena
Published: March 2024

This article deals with the stories of Vsevolod Ivanov “At Borodino”, “Near the old Smolensk road” and the story “On the Borodino Field”, written in 1943 and forming a kind of trilogy in the writer's work dedicated to the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. The elements of the poetics of texts that unite them into a whole are revealed. For the first time, the historical context of the creation of Ivanov's works in 1943 is analyzed: the actualization of attention to Russian history, and in particular to the war with Napoleon, Soviet propaganda work in the early years of the Great Patriotic War, aimed at covering the events of the people's liberation struggle with foreign invaders in the central press and in fiction. Ivanov's works are also considered from the point of view of the realities of the historical periods of 1812, 1839 and 1941 reflected in them. Possible historical sources of the storylines of the stories “At Borodino” and “Near the old Smolensk Road” are revealed: these are the stories of the heroic Tuchkov family, the creation of a monument on the Borodino field. The methods of psychological analysis used in the trilogy are correlated in the article with the poetics of Ivanov's book “The Secret of Secrets” (1926). The author dwells on the ideas of continuity of Russian and Soviet history, the national-historical origins of the military national feat, emphasized by the writer in the trilogy.
THE IMAGE OF SMOLENSCHINA IN K.M. SIMONOV'S WORKS
Authors:   Moscow University for Industry and Finance, Korzhova Inessa
Published: March 2024

The article, based on the material of a wide body of texts, shows the key aspects of the image of the Smolensk region in K. Simonov's work. For the first time, in addition to literary texts and diaries, military journalism and a screenplay are used to identify ideological and thematic unity in the author's work. The image of the Smolensk region was formed by Simonov during the Great Patriotic War and includes stable, repeatedly repeated motives and situations in various works. Smolensk region appears as a chronotope, a capacitor of historical continuity. This idea is most directly embodied in the appeal to the name “Old Smolenskaya Road” and in the landscape connecting the villages and the cemetery, the present and the past. Images of women blessing warriors, an old man and an old woman in a hut acquire a symbolic reading - they almost personify the idea of the Motherland, its merciful forgiving love and the duty and responsibility of a male defender. It is important that these paintings were originally associated with the Mogilev region, but due to the strong position of the title and the direct movement of memories, they are identified as Smolensk. The idea of Smolensk and especially Vyazma as the key to Moscow is also significant for Simonov. The loss of these cities is especially acutely felt by the author himself and his heroes, it becomes a sign of the almost accomplished catastrophe of the first months of the war. The writer almost does not depict the partisan movement in the Smolensk region. The images of the Smolensk region returned, but devastated to the ground, became creatively significant. Triumphal pathos is alien to the image of the conquered land, a sense of tragedy prevails. Recreating the image of the Smolensk region, Simonov is far from topographical descriptive or culturological research, the image is colored by personal experiences: for the writer and his heroes, the Smolensk region becomes the embodiment of the idea of the Motherland, of its deep, primordial features.
“HAPPY VICTORIOUS NEW YEAR, INVINCIBLE COUNTRY!”: PRAVDA'S POETRY IN THE BEGINNING OF 1943
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolaev Dmitry
Published: March 2024

In the article, the poetic works published in the newspaper Pravda in January-March 1943 are considered for the first time as an unity of texts. The pathos, themes, poetics, style and genre features of the poems of N. Aseev, D. Bedny, A. Bezymensky, E. Dolmatovsky, N. Zaryan, V. Inber, S. Marshak, M. Rylsky, A. Surkov, N. Tikhonov, S. Shchipachev and others are analyzed. Poetry is considered in the context of the main historical events of the time - the break of the siege of Leningrad, the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad, as well as main soviet holidays and memorable dates. It is proved that the relevance and even concreteness of the poetry, its close connection with the news from the front is combined with the maximum generalization, and the actual journalistic, agitation and propaganda component requires in poetry solutions that maximally affect the mass reader such as folklore genres and images, traditions of classicism, satire, etc. Poetry on the pages of Pravda from the first days of 1943 has been claimed as poetry of victory, and the emotional content of many poems can be expressed by N. Aseev's formula: “Glee - rage // Stand up to help // Until the decisive end”. It is particularly noted that the poems presented in ‘Pravda' by poets of different nations of the USSR should reflect the unity of the multinational country’s in The Great Patriotic War
SONGS AND POEMS OF PARTISANS WRITTEN BEHIND ENEMY LINES. SMOLENSCHINA - BELARUS, 1942-1944 (FROM THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE BYKHOV MUSEUM OF LOCAL HISTORY)
Authors:   Bykhov regional museum of local history, Fedorchuk Evgenia
Published: March 2024

This report discusses a collection of songs and poems written by partisans behind enemy lines. The book contains 58 works. The compiler divided it into six parts. The first two parts are devoted to major events and phenomena as such: namely the Thirteen Special Partisan Regiment and the Bovkin blockade. The remaining four parts are more personalized: the partisan routine and way of life are described, some of the poems are written in memory of the dead, as well as various local events. In addition to poems and songs, a number of personalities (authors and those mentioned), events and locations will be considered. At the end of the report is a list of all mentioned names and places in alphabetical order. The main actions and battles are tied to the Smolensk and Mogilev regions. The poetic creativity of the partisans, shown in the collection from the funds of the Bykhov Museum of Local History, is a curious phenomenon for researchers, museologists, and historians. By studying and analyzing the information obtained from these sources, researchers can draw up a picture of front-line life, relationships, and the emotional state of the fighters.
THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN THE TATAR DRAMA OF THE 1940S-1950S
Authors:   G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Minnullina Fatyma
Published: March 2024

The article examines Tatar plays written in the 1940s-1950s of the XX century. The defense of the Motherland from enemies activated the sound of the patriotic spirit in Tatar drama. Playwrights, referring to the events of the war in their plays, praise the courage, patriotism of fighters, home front workers. The paper identifies the main themes, conflict situations, revealing the characters of the characters. The object of the study were the plays “Shakir Shigaev” by F. Karim, “Sacred Commission” by T. Gizzat, “Maryam” by N. Isanbet, “Minnikamal”, “Return” by R. Ishmurat, etc. After the Great Patriotic War, writers continued to develop the theme of heroism of people at the front and in the rear. The main purpose of the plays in these years was to summarize the events of the war, to show the sources of victory. The depiction of the war, the heroism of the Soviet man at the front, the disclosure of the moral and political sources of the victory won by the Soviet people over fascism, were devoted to the plays of T. Gizzat “True Love” (1948), M. Amir “Song of Life” (1946) R. Ishmurat “Immortal”.
THE FATE OF THE ESTATE-MUSEUM IN WARTIME IN THE PROSE OF K.G. PAUSTOVSKY
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Borisova Daria
Published: March 2024

This article is devoted to the reflection of the fate of museum-estates during the Great Patriotic War in the prose of K.G. Paustovsky. The study is made on the material of the essays “The Guardian” (1946), “The Wind of Speed” (1954; published in 1955) and the novel «Smoke of the Fatherland» (1944, published in 1964). These works are considered in the context of the “manor topos”, one of the modifications of which is represented by the manor museum. Describing the dramatic pages of the history of museum-estates, Paustovsky often relied on real facts, for example, “Smoke of the Fatherland” and “The Wind of Speed” reflect the period of occupation of the Pushkin Reserve (1941-1944). The museum-estate in Paustovsky's prose simultaneously opposes the destructive chaos of war and is a symbol of Russian culture, for the sake of which the heroes are ready to sacrifice themselves.
WORKING WITH HISTORICAL INFORMATION AT RFL CLASSES (GLORIOUS PAGES OF MILITARY HISTORY OF RUSSIA IN THE AUDIENCE OF FOREIGN CADETS)
Authors:   Nuclear Biological Chemical Defence Military Academy after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko (Kostroma), the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, Alekseeva Anastasia
Published: March 2024

This article covers the topical issue of introducing a historical and cultural component into the process of teaching foreign military personnel the Russian language. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the role of military historical information in the practice of foreign language training of foreign military personnel. The author considers ways of working with this category of texts, reveals their subject matter, reveals the developing potential of texts about the military history of Russia and outstanding military leaders in the formation of the linguistic and intercultural competence of foreign cadets. The paper also points to the potential of texts on history in the academic adaptation of foreigners, the formation of their readiness for the successful continuation of their studies in older courses. As a result, the author defines the basic principles of introducing texts on the military history of Russia into the educational process with foreign military personnel, outlines the circle of positive influences of the historical and cultural component in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language for the formation of linguistic, intercultural, and professional competencies.
THE BATTLES ON THE BOGORODITSKY FIELD IN OCTOBER 1941 THROUGH THE EYES OF FORMER MOSCOW MILITIAS: BASED ON TRANSCRIPTS OF CONVERSATIONS OF THE MINTS COMMISSION
Authors:   Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Drozdov Konstantin
Published: March 2024

For the first time, the article attempts to introduce previously unknown archival materials into scientific circulation, which reflect the battles on Bogoroditsky Field in October 1941. This is a look at the tragic events that took place through the prism of a few interviews in 1947 with former Moscow militia of the 140th Infantry Division, who managed to escape from the encirclement and stay alive. The unique archival documents collected by the scientific staff of the Mintz Commission allow us to look at the tragic events of October 1941. Through the eyes of the militia themselves and recreate the individual experience of their survival in the environment and during the breakthrough from it. The analysis of the interviews shows that the soldiers, commanders and political workers of the division were in danger of being killed or captured on a daily basis, but they still fought with the enemy and sought to break through the encirclement. At the cost of their lives, the militia delayed the advance of the Wehrmacht strike groups to Moscow and allowed the Soviet command to re-create the Western Front and new frontiers on the near approaches to the capital in a short time.
UNFORMED DIVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S MILITIA OF MOSCOW
Authors:   Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bezugolny Alexey
Published: March 2024

The article presents an analysis of the peculiarities of staffing 13 divisions of the People's militia, formed in Moscow in early July 1941, but not completed the formation and disbanded after a while. Despite the abundance of literature on the history of the Moscow militia, this aspect of its history has not been studied enough; the literature on the divisions of the People's militia of Moscow is scattered and focuses on the history of individual formations. The history of 13 unformed divisions of the People's militia is completely unknown to specialists and the public. This study is based on archival sources: both the traditional military records management of the Moscow Military District, responsible for the formation of the militia, and the array of documents of the Commission on the History of the Great Patriotic War at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, actively introduced into scientific circulation in recent years. The reasons why the formation of the militia was divided into two waves are considered, the difficulties of selecting militias in connection with the chosen territorial and production principle of recruitment are noted.
MILITARY BURIALS OF THE 19TH-20TH CENTURIES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE VILEIKA DISTRICT OF THE MINSK REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors:   Vileika Museum of Local History, Karkotko Andrey
Published: March 2024

The article deals with military burials on the territory of the Vileika district of the Minsk region of the Republic of Belarus, preserved from wars and armed conflicts that took place in this area during the 19th-20th centuries (War of 1812, Polish uprisings of 183018-31 and 1863-1864, World War I, Soviet-Polish war, World War II). Here is information about the main battles during these historical events and their result - military burials. Data are given on the number and types of surviving military graves, and those of them are mentioned that have not survived, but information about which is available in written sources. The article also tells a brief history of two unique military cemeteries in the city of Vileyka and in the agricultural town of Dolginovo. Their uniqueness lies in the fact that opponents who died during the last three wars and passed through these settlements in the 20th century are buried on them.
REFLECTION OF THE EVENTS IN THE VYAZEMSKY CAULDRON IN 1941, IN THE MEMOIRS OF THE PEOPLE'S MILITIA OF MOSCOW (DOCUMENTS OF THE SCIENTIFIC ARCHIVE OF THE INSTITUTE OF RUSSIAN HISTORY RAS)
Authors:   Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Serazetdinov Boris
Published: March 2024

The article describes and analyzes the most significant features of the daily life of the fighters - people's militia of the Red Army, called up from Moscow and the Moscow region, under the conditions of encirclement in the Vyazemsky boiler in 1941. The problems of preparation for departure to the front line, relationships, nutrition, morale of the encircled troops are considered, conclusions are drawn about the extremity of the stay itself surrounded by the dramatic richness of the daily life of the servicemen who got into it, their perseverance, heroism and contribution to the victory over the German invaders in the Battle of Moscow. All memories are used from the materials of the Scientific Archive of the IRI RAS.
THE INFLUENCE OF NEED FOR UNIQUENESS, BANDWAGON EFFECT AND REFERENCE GROUP ON PURCHASE INTENTION THROUGH VALUE-EXPRESSIVE FUNCTION OF ATTITUDE AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE (EMPIRICAL STUDY ON HIJAB BUTTONSCARVES)
Authors: Meydiawati Meydiawati , Pebrianti Wenny , Ramadania Ramadania
Published: March 2024

Abstract:

This research aims to analyze the influence of need for uniqueness, bandwagon effect, and reference group on purchase intention through the value-expressive function of attitude as an intervening variable on Buttonscarves hijab in Pontianak. The research approach is quantitative, using an associative causal method. The research is conducted on respondents who are familiar with Buttonscarves hijab products in Pontianak. Sampling in this research used non-probability sampling method, specifically purposive sampling. The collected data were then analyzed using Structural Equation Model with the assistance of the SmartPLS version 4 statistical application. The results of the data analysis indicate a direct and significant influence between the need for uniqueness and the bandwagon effect on the value-expressive function of attitude. The need for uniqueness, bandwagon effect, and reference group significantly influence purchase intention. The value-expressive function of attitude significantly influences purchase intention. The value-expressive function of attitude mediates the indirect influence of the need for uniqueness and the bandwagon effect on purchase intention. All hypothesis testing results show a strong level of significance and reliability. The implications of these findings underscore the importance for Buttonscarves to design marketing strategies that not only emphasize the exclusivity of the product but also capitalize on consumers' desire to express their personal values through the products they purchase.

Keywords: Need For Uniqueness, Bandwagon Effect, Reference Group, Value-Expressive Function Of Attitude, Purchase Intention.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE REALIZATION OF MURABAHAH FINANCING FOR MICRO AGRIBUSINESS ENTERPRISES IN THE TRADE SECTOR (CASE STUDY AT BMT AL-AKBAR, DELI SERDANG DISTRICT)
Authors: Siregar Pardamean , Anggraini Tuti , Inayah Nurul
Published: March 2024

Micro businesses have an important role in employment absorption and gross domestic product (GDP). The problem often faced by micro businesses is the difficulty of obtaining loans from banks. Sharia Microfinance Institutions (LKMS) are an alternative source of financing. Baitul Mal wat Tanwil (BMT) Al-Akbar is a sharia microfinance institution that provides micro business financing through murabahah financing. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence the realization of murabahah financing through customer characteristics. The sampling method was carried out using convenience sampling and the number of samples used was 40 people. The collected data was processed using multiple regression. The research results show that the significant factors are length of education, length of business, net business income for one month and collateral.

Keywords: Agribusiness, Customer Characteristics, Realization Of Murabahah Financing, Multiple Regression, Micro Businesses