bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Affinity Biosensors Based on Disposable Screen-Printed Electrodes for Detection of Food Allergens
Authors: Vasilescu Alina , Nunes Gilvanda , Hayat Akhtar , Latif Usman , Marty Jean-Louis
Published: November 2016

Food allergens are proteins from nuts and tree nuts, fish, shellfish, wheat, soy, eggs or milk which trigger severe adverse reactions in the human body, involving IgE-type antibodies. Sensitive detection of allergens in a large variety of food matrices has become increasingly important considering the emergence of functional foods and new food manufacturing technologies. For example, proteins such as casein from milk or lysozyme and ovalbumin from eggs are sometimes used as fining agents in the wine industry. Nonetheless, allergen detection in processed foods is a challenging endeavor, as allergen proteins are degraded during food processing steps involving heating or fermentation. Detection of food allergens was primarily achieved via Enzyme-Linked Immuno Assay (ELISA) or by chromatographic methods. With the advent of biosensors, electrochemical affinity-based biosensors such as those incorporating antibodies and aptamers as biorecognition elements were also reported in the literature. In this review paper, we highlight the success achieved in the design of electrochemical affinity biosensors based on disposable screen-printed electrodes towards detection of protein allergens. We will discuss the analytical figures of merit for various disposable screen-printed affinity sensors in relation to methodologies employed for immobilization of bioreceptors on transducer surface.
Real-Time Location Tracking of Multiple Construction Laborers
Authors: Lim Jin-Sun , Song Ki-Il , Lee Hang-Lo
Published: November 2016

A real-time location (RTL) system was developed to improve safety for multiple laborers in confined construction sites. The RTL system can monitor the location and movement of multiple laborers in real time. A portable RTL system with a low-battery mode was developed to accommodate various constraints in the construction site. A conventional RTL system that uses radio signal strength indicators (RSSIs) has high error, so an accelerometer with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) was added, and a calculation process is suggested. Field tests were performed for validation in underground construction and bridge overlay sites. The results show that the accelerometer and BLE can be used as effective sensors to detect the movement of laborers. When the sensor is fixed, the average error ranges 0.2–0.22 m, and when the sensor is moving, the average error ranges 0.1–0.47 m.
De-[Constructing] Growth
Authors: Ashford Nicholas
Published: November 2016

“De-[Constructing] Growth” is offered as a more nuanced conceptualization that avoids the negative connotations of, and resistance to, “degrowth” by decoupling profit from unsustainable consumption, production, and inequality.
Regional Inequality in Underdeveloped Areas: A Case Study of Guizhou Province in China
Authors: Sun Wei , Lin Xiaona , Liang Yutian , Li Lu
Published: November 2016

This study analyzes regional development in one of the poorest provinces in China, Guizhou Province, between 2000 and 2012 using a multiscale and multi-mechanism framework. In general, regional inequality has been declining since 2000. In addition, economic development in Guizhou Province presented spatial agglomeration and club convergence, which shows how the development pattern of core-periphery has been developed between 2006 and 2012. Multilevel regression analysis revealed that industrialization, marketization and investment level were the primary driving forces of regional economic disparity in Guizhou Province. We can get a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in regional inequality in Guizhou Province with the multilevel regression models. The influences of decentralization on regional economic disparity were actually relatively weak, and investment level exhibited more importance on the regional inequality when the variable of time was considered. In addition, both the topography and urban-rural differentiation were the two main reasons for forming a core-periphery structure in Guizhou Province.
Increasing the Value of Research: A Comparison of the Literature on Critical Success Factors for Projects, IT Projects and Enterprise Resource Planning Projects
Authors: Maddison Warren Annie
Published: November 2016

Since the beginning of modern project management in the 1960s, academic researchers have sought to identify a definitive list of Critical Success Factors (CSFs), the key things that project managers must get right in order to deliver a successful product. With the advent of Information Technology (IT) projects and, more recently, projects to deliver Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, attention has turned to identifying definitive lists of CSFs for these more specific project types. The purpose of this paper is to take stock of this research effort by examining how thinking about each type of project has evolved over time, before producing a consolidated list of CSFs for each as a basis for comparison. This process reveals a high degree of similarity, leading to the conclusion that the goal of identifying a generic list of CSFs for project management has been achieved. Therefore, rather than continuing to describe lists of CSFs, researchers could increase the value of their contribution by taking a step forward and focusing on why, despite this apparent knowledge of how to ensure their success, ERP projects continue to fail.
The European Classical Swine Fever Virus Database: Blueprint for a Pathogen-Specific Sequence Database with Integrated Sequence Analysis Tools
Authors: Postel Alexander , Schmeiser Stefanie , Zimmermann Bernd , Becher Paul
Published: November 2016

Molecular epidemiology has become an indispensable tool in the diagnosis of diseases and in tracing the infection routes of pathogens. Due to advances in conventional sequencing and the development of high throughput technologies, the field of sequence determination is in the process of being revolutionized. Platforms for sharing sequence information and providing standardized tools for phylogenetic analyses are becoming increasingly important. The database (DB) of the European Union (EU) and World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Reference Laboratory for classical swine fever offers one of the world’s largest semi-public virus-specific sequence collections combined with a module for phylogenetic analysis. The classical swine fever (CSF) DB (CSF-DB) became a valuable tool for supporting diagnosis and epidemiological investigations of this highly contagious disease in pigs with high socio-economic impacts worldwide. The DB has been re-designed and now allows for the storage and analysis of traditionally used, well established genomic regions and of larger genomic regions including complete viral genomes. We present an application example for the analysis of highly similar viral sequences obtained in an endemic disease situation and introduce the new geographic “CSF Maps” tool. The concept of this standardized and easy-to-use DB with an integrated genetic typing module is suited to serve as a blueprint for similar platforms for other human or animal viruses.
Analysis of Influencing Factors of Water Footprint Based on the STIRPAT Model: Evidence from the Beijing Agricultural Sector
Authors: Jin Chen , Huang Kai , Yu Yajuan , Zhang Yue
Published: November 2016

Beijing suffers from a severe water shortage. To find the key factors that impact the agricultural water footprint (WF) within Beijing to relieve the pressure on water resources, this study quantifies the agricultural WF within Beijing from 1980 to 2012 and examines the factors of population, urbanization level, GDP per capita, Engel coefficient, and total rural power using an extended stochastic impact by regression on population, affluence and technology (STIRPAT) model. Ridge regression is employed to fit the extended STIRPAT model. The empirical results reveal that the Engel coefficient, which is defined as the total amount of food expenses accounted for the proportion of total personal consumption expenditures, has the largest positive impact on the increase in the agricultural WF, followed by urbanization. In contrast, total rural power, population, and GDP per capita can decrease the agricultural WF. Finally, policy recommendations from technological development, agriculture plantation structure adjustment, and virtual water imports are provided to cope with water shortages.
NEUTRON STAR MASS–RADIUS CONSTRAINTS OF THE QUIESCENT LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARIES X7 AND X5 IN THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER 47 TUC
Authors: Bogdanov Slavko , Heinke Craig O. , Özel Feryal , Güver Tolga
Published: November 2016

We present Chandra/ACIS-S subarray observations of the quiescent neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binaries X7 and X5 in the globular cluster 47 Tuc. The large reduction in photon pile-up compared to previous deep exposures enables a substantial improvement in the spectroscopic determination of the NS radius and mass of these NSs. Modeling the thermal emission from the NS surface with a non-magnetized hydrogen atmosphere and accounting for numerous sources of uncertainties, we obtain for the NS in X7 a radius of

km for an assumed stellar mass of M = 1.4 M
⊙ (68% confidence level). We argue, based on astrophysical grounds, that the presence of a He atmosphere is unlikely for this source. Due to the excision of data affected by eclipses and variable absorption, the quiescent low-mass X-ray binary X5 provides less stringent constraints, leading to a radius of

km, assuming a hydrogen atmosphere and a mass of M = 1.4 M
⊙. When combined with all existing spectroscopic radius measurements from other quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries and Type I X-ray bursts, these measurements strongly favor radii in the 9.9–11.2 km range for a ∼1.5 M
⊙ NS and point to a dense matter equation of state that is somewhat softer than the nucleonic ones that are consistent with laboratory experiments at low densities.
THE NuSTAR EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEYS: THE NUMBER COUNTS OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI AND THE RESOLVED FRACTION OF THE COSMIC X-RAY BACKGROUND
Authors: Harrison F. A. , Aird J. , Civano F. , Lansbury G. , Mullaney J. R. , Ballantyne D. R. , Alexander D. M. , Stern D. , Ajello M. , Barret D. , Bauer F. E. , Baloković M. , Brandt W. N. , Brightman M. , Boggs S. E. , Christensen F. E. , Comastri A. , Craig W. W. , Moro A. Del , Forster K. , Gandhi P. , Giommi P. , Grefenstette B. W. , Hailey C. J. , Hickox R. C. , Hornstrup A. , Kitaguchi T. , Koglin J. , Luo B. , Madsen K. K. , Mao P. H. , Miyasaka H. , Mori K. , Perri M. , Pivovaroff M. , Puccetti S. , Rana V. , Treister E. , Walton D. , Westergaard N. J. , Wik D. , Zappacosta L. , Zhang W. W. , Zoglauer A.
Published: November 2016

We present the 3–8 keV and 8–24 keV number counts of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) identified in the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) extragalactic surveys. NuSTAR has now resolved 33%–39% of the X-ray background in the 8–24 keV band, directly identifying AGNs with obscuring columns up to

. In the softer 3–8 keV band the number counts are in general agreement with those measured by XMM-Newton and Chandra over the flux range

S(3–8 keV)/

probed by NuSTAR. In the hard 8–24 keV band NuSTAR probes fluxes over the range

 S(8–24 keV)/

, a factor ∼100 fainter than previous measurements. The 8–24 keV number counts match predictions from AGN population synthesis models, directly confirming the existence of a population of obscured and/or hard X-ray sources inferred from the shape of the integrated cosmic X-ray background. The measured NuSTAR counts lie significantly above simple extrapolation with a Euclidian slope to low flux of the Swift/BAT 15–55 keV number counts measured at higher fluxes (S(15–55 keV) ≳ 10−11

), reflecting the evolution of the AGN population between the Swift/BAT local (

) sample and NuSTAR’s

sample. CXB synthesis models, which account for AGN evolution, lie above the Swift/BAT measurements, suggesting that they do not fully capture the evolution of obscured AGNs at low redshifts.
India Biodiversity Portal: An integrated, interactive and participatory biodiversity informatics platform
Authors: Vattakaven Thomas , George Rohit , Balasubramanian Dhandapani , Réjou-Méchain Maxime , Muthusankar Gowrappan , Ramesh Brahmasamudra , Prabhakar R
Published: November 2016

This paper describes a growing biodiversity platform, launched in 2008, which organizes knowledge on the biodiversity of India. The main objective and originality of the India Biodiversity Portal (IBP) is to aggregate curated biodiversity data of different kinds (e.g. distribution maps, temporal distribution or life history) in an integrated platform where amateurs and experts can easily interact.

Since its launch, the platform has seen an exceptional increase in both user activity and biodiversity data. Currently the portal has descriptions of over 20,400 species, and has aggregated approximately 1,280,000 observations covering more than 30,000 species, which already constitutes a unique source of information for scientists and stakeholders in conservation. Over 8500 users have registered on the portal. The amount of data generated and to be generated in the next few years by this portal will certainly help the effective implementation of biodiversity conservation and management in one of the most ecologically diverse countries in the world.
A Comparative In Silico Study of the Antioxidant Defense Gene Repertoire of Distinct Lifestyle Trypanosomatid Species
Authors: Beltrame-Botelho Ingrid Thaís , Talavera-López Carlos , Andersson Björn , Grisard Edmundo Carlos , Stoco Patricia Hermes
Published: November 2016

Kinetoplastids are an ancestral group of protists that contains free-living species and parasites with distinct mechanisms in response to stress. Here, we compared genes involved in antioxidant defense (AD), proposing an evolution model among trypanosomatids. All genes were identified in Bodo saltans, suggesting that AD mechanisms have evolved prior to adaptation for parasitic lifestyles. While most of the monoxenous and dixenous parasites revealed minor differences from B. saltans, the endosymbiont-bearing species have an increased number of genes. The absence of these genes was mainly observed in the extracellular parasites of the genera Phytomonas and Trypanosoma. In trypanosomes, a distinction was observed between stercorarian and salivarian parasites, except for Trypanosoma rangeli. Our analyses indicate that the variability of AD among trypanosomatids at the genomic level is not solely due to the geographical isolation, being mainly related to specific adaptations of their distinct biological cycles within insect vectors and to a parasitism of a wide range of hosts.
Blended Learning in Obstetrics and Gynecology Resident Education: Impact on Resident Clinical Performance
Authors: Ghareeb Allen , Han Heeyoung , Delfino Kristin , Ajayi Funminiyi
Published: November 2016

Problem

Effects of residents’ blended learning on their clinical performance have rarely been reported. A blended learning pilot program was instituted at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine's Obstetrics and Gynecology program. One of the modules was chronic hypertension in pregnancy. We sought to evaluate if the resident blended learning was transferred to their clinical performance six months after the module.

Intervention

A review of patient charts demonstrated inadequate documentation of history, evaluation, and counseling of patients with chronic hypertension at the first prenatal visit by Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) residents. A blended learning module on chronic hypertension in pregnancy was then provided to the residents. A retrospective chart review was then performed to assess behavioral changes in the OB/GYN residents.

Context

This intervention was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University. All 16 OB/GYN residents were enrolled in this module as part of their educational curriculum. A query of all prenatal patients diagnosed with chronic hypertension presenting to the OB/GYN resident clinics four months prior to the implementation of the blended learning module (March 2015–June 2015) and six months after (July 20, 2015–February 2016) was performed. Data were collected from outpatient charts utilizing the electronic medical record. Data were abstracted from resident documentation at the first prenatal visit.

Outcome

The residents thought that the blended learning module was applicable to performance improvement in the real-world setting. Patients evaluated before ( n = 10) and after ( n = 7) the intervention were compared. After the intervention, there was an increase in assessment of baseline liver enzymes, referral for electrocardiogram, and early assessment for diabetes in the obese patients. More patients were provided a blood pressure cuff after the module (71.4% vs. 20%). Data were provided to the residents in an informal setting. Discussion during this session suggested that inconsistent use of the algorithm and incomplete documentation were reasons for the findings.

Lessons Learned

This study suggests that blended learning may be a viable tool to support sustained changes in the performance of OB/GYN residents. Scheduled follow-up should be employed to facilitate and ensure continued learning and behavioral changes.
Poletna šola korpusnega jezikoslovja v Lancastru
Authors: Čibej Jaka , Marko Dafne
Published: November 2016

Poletna šola korpusnega jezikoslovja v Lancastru
Parameterization of oceanic whitecap fraction based on satellite observations
Authors: Albert Monique F. M. A. , Anguelova Magdalena D. , Manders Astrid M. M. , Schaap Martijn , de Leeuw Gerrit
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In this study, the utility of satellite-based whitecap fraction (W) data for the prediction of sea spray aerosol (SSA) emission rates is explored. More specifically, the study aims at evaluating how an account for natural variability of whitecaps in the W parameterization would affect SSA mass flux predictions when using a sea spray source function (SSSF) based on the discrete whitecap method. The starting point is a data set containing W data for 2006 together with matching wind speed U10 and sea surface temperature (SST) T. Whitecap fraction W was estimated from observations of the ocean surface brightness temperature TB by satellite-borne radiometers at two frequencies (10 and 37 GHz). A global-scale assessment of the data set yielded approximately quadratic correlation between W and U10. A new global W(U10) parameterization was developed and used to evaluate an intrinsic correlation between W and U10 that could have been introduced while estimating W from TB. A regional-scale analysis over different seasons indicated significant differences of the coefficients of regional W(U10) relationships. The effect of SST on W is explicitly accounted for in a new W(U10, T) parameterization. The analysis of W values obtained with the new W(U10) and W(U10, T) parameterizations indicates that the influence of secondary factors on W is for the largest part embedded in the exponent of the wind speed dependence. In addition, the W(U10, T) parameterization is able to partially model the spread (or variability) of the satellite-based W data. The satellite-based parameterization W(U10, T) was applied in an SSSF to estimate the global SSA emission rate. The thus obtained SSA production rate for 2006 of 4.4  ×  1012 kg year−1 is within previously reported estimates, however with distinctly different spatial distribution.
Model simulations of cooking organic aerosol (COA) over the UK using estimates of emissions based on measurements at two sites in London
Authors: Ots Riinu , Vieno Massimo , Allan James D. , Reis Stefan , Nemitz Eiko , Young Dominique E. , Coe Hugh , Di Marco Chiara , Detournay Anais , Mackenzie Ian A. , Green David C. , Heal Mathew R.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Cooking organic aerosol (COA) is currently not included in European emission inventories. However, recent positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses of aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements have suggested important contributions of COA in several European cities. In this study, emissions of COA were estimated for the UK, based on hourly AMS measurements of COA made at two sites in London (a kerbside site in central London and an urban background site in a residential area close to central London) for the full calendar year of 2012 during the Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) campaign. Iteration of COA emissions estimates and subsequent evaluation and sensitivity experiments were conducted with the EMEP4UK atmospheric chemistry transport modelling system with a horizontal resolution of 5 km  ×  5 km. The spatial distribution of these emissions was based on workday population density derived from the 2011 census data. The estimated UK annual COA emission was 7.4 Gg per year, which is an almost 10 % addition to the officially reported UK national total anthropogenic emissions of PM2.5 (82 Gg in 2012), corresponding to 320 mg person−1 day−1 on average. Weekday and weekend diurnal variation in COA emissions were also based on the AMS measurements. Modelled concentrations of COA were then independently evaluated against AMS-derived COA measurements from another city and time period (Manchester, January–February 2007), as well as with COA estimated by a chemical mass balance model of measurements for a 2-week period at the Harwell rural site (∼ 80 km west of central London). The modelled annual average contribution of COA to ambient particulate matter (PM) in central London was between 1 and 2 µg m−3 (∼ 20 % of total measured OA1) and between 0.5 and 0.7 µg m−3 in other major cities in England (Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds). It was also shown that cities smaller than London can have a central hotspot of population density of smaller area than the computational grid cell, in which case higher localized COA concentrations than modelled here may be expected. Modelled COA concentrations dropped rapidly outside of major urban areas (annual average of 0.12 µg m−3 for the Harwell location), indicating that although COA can be a notable component in urban air, it does not have a significant effect on PM concentrations on rural areas. The possibility that the AMS-PMF apportionment measurements overestimate COA concentrations by up to a factor of 2 is discussed. Since COA is a primary emission, any downward adjustments in COA emissions would lead to a proportional linear downward scaling in the absolute magnitudes of COA concentrations simulated in the model.
A novel single-cavity three-wavelength photoacoustic spectrometer for atmospheric aerosol research
Authors: Linke Claudia , Ibrahim Inas , Schleicher Nina , Hitzenberger Regina , Andreae Meinrat O. , Leisner Thomas , Schnaiter Martin
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The spectral light-absorbing behavior of carbonaceous aerosols varies depending on the chemical composition and structure of the particles. A new single-cavity three-wavelength photoacoustic spectrometer was developed and characterized for measuring absorption coefficients at three wavelengths across the visible spectral range. In laboratory studies, several types of soot with different organic content were generated by a diffusion flame burner and were investigated for changes in mass-specific absorption cross section (MAC) values, absorption and scattering Ångström exponents (αabs and αsca), and single scattering albedo (ω). By increasing the organic carbonaceous (OC) content of the aerosol from 50 to 90 % of the total carbonaceous mass, for 660 nm nearly no change of MAC was found with increasing OC content. In contrast, for 532 nm a significant increase, and for 445 nm a strong increase of MAC was found with increasing OC content of the aerosol. Depending on the OC content, the Ångström exponents of absorption and scattering as well as the single scattering albedo increased. These laboratory results were compared to a field study at a traffic-dominated urban site, which was also influenced by residential wood combustion. For this site a daily average value of αabs(445–660) of 1.9 was found.
Downstream ecosystem responses to middle reach regulation of river discharge
in the Heihe River Basin, China
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wei Yongping , Li Shoubo , Wu Bingfang
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Understanding the oasis ecosystem responses to upstream regulation is a challenge for catchment management in the context of ecological restoration. This empirical study aimed to understand how oasis ecosystems, including water, natural vegetation and cultivated land, responded to the implementation of the Ecological Water Diversion Project (EWDP) in the Heihe River in China. The annual Landsat images from 1987 to 2015 were firstly used to characterize the spatial extent, frequency index and fractional coverage (for vegetation only) of these three oasis ecosystems and their relationships with hydrological (river discharge) and climatic variables (regional temperature and precipitation) were explored with linear regression models. The results show that river regulation of the middle reaches identified by the discharge allocation to the downstream basin experiences three stages, namely decreasing inflow (1987–1999), increasing inflow (2000–2007) and relative stable inflow (2008–2015). Both the current and previous years' combined inflow determines the surface area of the terminal lake (R2  =  0.841). Temperature has the most significant role in determining broad vegetation distribution, whereas hydrological variables had a significant effect only in near-river-channel regions. Agricultural development since the execution of the EWDP might have curtailed further vegetation recovery. These findings are important for the catchment managers' decisions about future water allocation plans.
Fully probabilistic seismic source inversion – Part 2: Modelling errors and station covariances
Authors: Stähler Simon C. , Sigloch Karin
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Seismic source inversion, a central task in seismology, is concerned with the estimation of earthquake source parameters and their uncertainties. Estimating uncertainties is particularly challenging because source inversion is a non-linear problem. In a companion paper, Stähler and Sigloch (2014) developed a method of fully Bayesian inference for source parameters, based on measurements of waveform cross-correlation between broadband, teleseismic body-wave observations and their modelled counterparts. This approach yields not only depth and moment tensor estimates but also source time functions. A prerequisite for Bayesian inference is the proper characterisation of the noise afflicting the measurements, a problem we address here. We show that, for realistic broadband body-wave seismograms, the systematic error due to an incomplete physical model affects waveform misfits more strongly than random, ambient background noise. In this situation, the waveform cross-correlation coefficient CC, or rather its decorrelation D = 1 − CC, performs more robustly as a misfit criterion than ℓp norms, more commonly used as sample-by-sample measures of misfit based on distances between individual time samples. From a set of over 900 user-supervised, deterministic earthquake source solutions treated as a quality-controlled reference, we derive the noise distribution on signal decorrelation D = 1 − CC of the broadband seismogram fits between observed and modelled waveforms. The noise on D is found to approximately follow a log-normal distribution, a fortunate fact that readily accommodates the formulation of an empirical likelihood function for D for our multivariate problem. The first and second moments of this multivariate distribution are shown to depend mostly on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the CC measurements and on the back-azimuthal distances of seismic stations. By identifying and quantifying this likelihood function, we make D and thus waveform cross-correlation measurements usable for fully probabilistic sampling strategies, in source inversion and related applications such as seismic tomography.
A 125-year record of climate and chemistry variability at the Pine
Island Glacier ice divide, Antarctica
Authors: Schwanck Franciele , C. Simões Jefferson , Handley Michael , A. Mayewski Paul , D. Auger Jeffrey , T. Bernardo Ronaldo , E. Aquino Francisco
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The Mount Johns (MJ) ice core (79º55' S; 94º23' W) was drilled near the Pine Island Glacier ice divide on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet during the 2008–2009 austral summer, to a depth of 92.26 m. The upper 45 m of the record covers approximately 125 years (1883–2008) showing marked seasonal variability. Trace element concentrations in 2,137 samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In this study, we reconstruct mineral dust and sea salt aerosol transport and investigate the influence of climate variables on the elemental concentrations to the MJ site. The ice core record reflects changes in emissions as well as atmospheric circulation and transport processes. Our trajectory analysis shows distinct seasonality, with strong westerly transport in the winter months and a secondary northeasterly transport in the summer. During summer months, the trajectories present slow-moving (short) transport and are more locally influenced than in other seasons. Finally, our reanalysis trace element correlations suggest that marine derived trace element concentrations are strongly influenced by sea ice concentration and sea surface temperature anomalies. The results show that seasonal elemental concentration maxima in sea-salt elements correlate well with the sea ice concentration winter maxima in the West Amundsen and Ross Seas. Lastly, we observed an increased concentration of marine aerosols when sea surface temperature decreased.
Reviewing the Challenges of Implementing Formative Assessment in Asia: The Need for a Professional Development Program
Authors: Quyen Nguyen Thi Do , Khairani Ahmad Zamri
Published: November 2016

This paper aims to review research on the challenges of implementing formative assessment in Asian classrooms. Multiple electronic databases were used to search for relevant articles and twenty-one studies were selected. The challenges faced while conducting formative assessments were analyzed and categorized into three levels (micro-, meso- and macro- level) based on Kozma’s model, which examines contextual factors influencing teachers’ classroom instructional practice as well as inherent disadvantages of formative assessment, namely, being time-consuming and demanding a heavy workload. The findings showed that the majority of challenges were on the micro and macro-levels, and were basic formative assessment disadvantages. Significantly, 80 percent of the studies reviewed reported inadequate knowledge of formative assessment among teachers at the micro-level. This is a vital issue for future research on formative assessment in Asian countries and highlights the need to draw more attention to training teachers through effective professional development programs. Future studies in this area should focus on practical formative assessment activities to reconcile formative assessment theories within the Asian culture and conditions.
Saudi EFL Preparatory Year Students’ Perception about Corrective Feedback in Oral Communication
Authors: Alhaysony Maha
Published: November 2016

This study sought to investigate the attitudes of Saudi EFL students towards corrective feedback (henceforth CF) on classroom oral errors. The subjects were 3200 (1223 male and 1977 female) students enrolled in an intensive English language programme in the preparatory year at the University of Ha'il. A questionnaire was the main instrument. This study seeks to extend our knowledge by examining the relationship between CF and gender, proficiency level, and students’ track. The results revealed that students generally have a positive perception of oral CF. Further, delayed CF was more favoured than immediate feedback. Of the methods of CF used by the teacher, the students preferred asking for clarification, repetition, explicit feedback, metalinguistic feedback, elicitation, and recasting; the majority of them regarded no correction as a poor method. Although the students wanted all of their oral errors to be corrected, they reported wanting their serious errors to be corrected first, followed by frequent errors, individual errors, and then, less serious errors; less frequent errors was the least preferred category. Regarding the choice of correctors, students favoured teacher correction, then self-correction, and finally, classmate correction. As far as the three variables considered, the analysis of the data revealed that in sum, regardless of gender, students’ proficiency level, and track, all students had similar beliefs about CF and strongly favoured receiving frequent CF in English oral communication classes once they were made aware of the purpose, significance, and methods of CF. However, the findings of the study showed that there was a significant gender difference, with women responding to CF significantly more than men. Moreover, the results revealed that highly proficient students preferred CF more than students with a lower proficiency, although there were no significant differences for most of the items. Additionally, there were some significant differences among students with different tracks. Pedagogical implications, limitations of the study, and recommendations for further research are also discussed.
Ordered Logistic Analysis of Farmers’ Market Regulations: Who Finds Them Easy?
Authors: Gumirakiza Jean Dominique , Daniel Amber
Published: November 2016

This study applies an ordered logistic regression to data collected in 2015 using in-person survey, mail, and online surveys from fresh produce vendors at farmers’ markets within the south central and western Kentucky regions. The purpose was to explain levels of difficult the vendors face when complying with market regulations. Results indicate that an average fresh produce vendor at farmers’ market is 26 percent likely going to comply with market regulations easily, 69 percent moderately, and 4 percent hardly. Participating in CSA and “local” labeling programs, years of farming experience, and being a male vendor are associated with finding relatively easy to comply with farmers markets regulations. Market managers and policy makers will find this study useful in ensuring that those regulations pose no greater difficult to the vendors. Likewise, findings are useful to the vendors for they indicate variables that make easier for them to comply with the regulations.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Fruit Positions on Fruit and Seed Yields of Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench)
Authors: Zubairu Y. , Oladiran J. A. , Osunde O. A. , Ismaila U.
Published: November 2016

Study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons at the experimental field of Federal University of Technology, Minna (9o 401N and 6o 301E), in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria to determine the effects of N fertilizer and the fruit positions on fruit and seed yield of okro. The treatment comprised factorial combination of five nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) and five fruit positions on a mother-plant (3, 5, 7, 9 and 10) which were replicated three times and laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results indicated that significant taller plants were recorded in the plots that received 120 kg N/ha while shorter plants were recorded in plots that received 0 N/ha in both years of the study. The higher N level of 120 kg/ha and lower fruit position of 3 significantly gave higher number of fruit yield while the yield decreased with decrease in N level and increase in fruit position on the mother-plant. Similarly, heavier fruits were recorded in lower fruit positions and higher N levels. The fruits formed at the lower position 3 and 5 produced more seeds with higher seed weight than those formed at the higher positions. The results also showed that significantly higher seed yield was recorded at N level of 120 kg/ha ?.
Revision of the subgenus Orphnus (Phornus) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Orphninae)
Authors: Frolov Andrey V. , Akhmetova Lilia A.
Published: November 2016

The Afrotropical subgenus Phornus Paulian, 1948 of the genus Orphnus MacLeay, 1819 is revised and currently comprises six species. Four new species are described: Orphnus renaudi sp. nov., Orphnus valeriae sp. nov., Orphnus ferrierei sp. nov. and Orphnus parastrangulatus sp. nov. The subgenus is characterized by the coarse stridulatory field, sclerotized plate on the second abdominal sternite near plectrum, absence of the pronotal lateral processes in males, rounded apices of the parameres and endophallus without armature, although some of these characters differ in O. giganteus Paulian, 1948. Symphysocery is reported for the first time for members of the Orphninae. In O. giganteus, the majority of specimens have malformed antennomeres. Four of the six species of Phornus are brachypterous and all species except for O. giganteus are known only from males. A key to Phornus species and a map of their localities are provided.
Diagnosis of Acute Cellular Rejection and Antibody-Mediated Rejection on Lung Transplant Biopsies: A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society
Authors: Roden Anja C. , Aisner Dara L. , Allen Timothy Craig , Aubry Marie Christine , Barrios Roberto J. , Beasley Mary B. , Cagle Philip T. , Capelozzi Vera L. , Dacic Sanja , Ge Yimin , Hariri Lida P. , Lantuejoul Sylvie , Miller Ross A. , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Moreira Andre L. , Raparia Kirtee , Rekhtman Natasha , Sholl Lynette , Smith Maxwell L. , Tsao Ming S. , Vivero Marina , Yatabe Yasushi , Yi Eunhee S.
Published: November 2016

Context.—

The diagnosis and grading of acute cellular and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in lung allograft biopsies is important because rejection can lead to acute graft dysfunction and/or failure and may contribute to chronic graft failure. While acute cellular rejection is well defined histologically, no reproducible specific features of AMR are currently identified. Therefore, a combination of clinical features, serology, histopathology, and immunologic findings is suggested for the diagnosis of AMR.

Objective.—

To describe the perspective of members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society (PPS) on the workup of lung allograft transbronchial biopsy and the diagnosis of acute cellular rejection and AMR in lung transplant.

Data Sources.—

Reports by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT), experience of members of PPS who routinely review lung allograft biopsies, and search of literature database (PubMed).

Conclusions.—

Acute cellular rejection should be assessed and graded according to the 2007 working formulation of the ISHLT. As currently no specific features are known for AMR in lung allografts, the triple test (clinical allograft dysfunction, donor-specific antibodies, pathologic findings) should be used for its diagnosis. C4d staining might be performed when morphologic, clinical, and/or serologic features suggestive of AMR are identified.
Predição da estrutura diamétrica de espécies comerciais de terra firme da amazônia por meio de matriz de transição.
Authors: Cunha Ulisses Silva da , Machado Sebastião do Amaral , Figueiredo Filho Afonso , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto
Published: November 2016

Esta pesquisa se originou de uma base de dados de dois inventários a 100% realizados em 1984 e 2000 sobre uma mesma área de 576 ha de floresta tropical primária, localizada na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, Belterra, Pará. A pesquisa objetivou avaliar a evolução da estrutura diamétrica de seis espécies comerciais de terra firme da Amazônia no período 1984-2000 e projetá-la para 2016, utilizando-se de matriz de transição. Nos dois inventários, as CAP foram medidas com fita métrica, sendo que em 1984, as alturas comerciais foram medidas com o hipsômetro de Weiss e, em 2000, estimadas com o uso de varas; o DAP mínimo em 1984 foi de 55 cm para todas as espécies e, em 2000, foi adotado o DAP mínimo de 35 cm. A construção da matriz de transição foi precedida de análise exploratória de dados (AED), em que se utilizou o box plot (caixa-de-bigodes) na detecção de outliers (observações discrepantes) e o gráfico stem-and-leaf (tronco-e-folhas) para filtrar as observações extremas. A análise da estrutura diamétrica mostrou que a evolução do DAP, observada no período 1984-2000, apresentou comportamento diferenciado por espécie, embora mantendo a forma básica da distribuição típica de cada espécie, enquanto a projeção da estrutura diamétrica para 2016, usando matriz de transição, manteve-se com a tendência esperada, com base nas taxas de crescimento expressas pelas raízes latentes da matriz de transição o que demonstra estar compatível com o perfil da estrutura diamétrica observada em 2000.
L’introuvable authenticité du récit ouvrier
Authors: Grenouillet Corinne
Published: November 2016

Partant de la définition de l’authentiqueécrivain prolétarien donnée par Henry Poulaille dans les années 1930, cet article s’interroge sur la pérennité et la validité d’une telle conception aujourd’hui. Il est demandé à l’auteur ouvrier deraconter, detémoigner— et cette demande sociale, parfois explicitée, est tout d’abord replacée dans « l’ère du témoin » ou du « storytelling ». Or, il s’avère d’une part que la plupart des récits ouvriers publiés au tournant duxxiesiècle privilégient d’autres configurations que l’agencement narratif, qu’ils mêlent discours et récit, choisissant d’autres formes que le récit (le journal, le fragment, le portrait par exemple). La lisibilité et la diffusion éditoriale de ces récits exigent d’autre part l’intervention de passeurs : sociologues, journalistes, enseignants, hommes et femmes de l’ombre éditoriale, sans lesquels ils restent lettre morte, ce qui invalide l’idée d’une production spontanée ou totalement originale.
Les hobos américains, au croisement des écritures
Authors: Béja Alice
Published: November 2016

Comment comprendre le lien entre les sans-abris d’aujourd’hui et les vagabonds de la fin duxixe siècle aux États-Unis ? La figure duhobo, icône culturelle américaine, se construit au tournant duxxesiècle à travers une hybridation des écritures, au carrefour entre littérature, témoignage et sociologie. À travers un panorama des écrits de et sur les vagabonds, de Josiah Flynt à Jack Kerouac, en passant par Jack London et Nels Anderson, cet article cherche à analyser la manière dont le personnage duhoboest idéalisé, mythifié, s’éloignant progressivement aussi bien de la critique du capitalisme qu’il incarne à ses débuts que des réalités de la vie des personnes à la rue depuis les années 1970. À la « culturehobo » du début duxxesiècle, caractérisée par des lieux (la Hobohème analysée par Anderson), des pratiques et des engagements spécifiques, se substitue une image de l’individu — masculin, blanc, hétérosexuel — qui part sur la grand-route en quête d’aventure. Les déterminants sociologiques et économiques de la condition du vagabond sont mis de côté ; le romantisme du personnage duhobolui ôte sa portée contestataire en même temps qu’il relègue les sans-abris contemporains au statut de victimes.
Ce que la bande dessinée nous apprend de l’écriture sociologique
Authors: Nocerino Pierre
Published: November 2016

La bande dessinée est un outil largement utilisé pour la diffusion des savoirs scientifiques vers un public élargi. Si la bande dessinée a été mobilisée dans plusieurs initiatives visant à vulgariser la sociologie, il est possible d’accentuer la collaboration entre ces deux disciplines. La bande dessinée s’apparente effectivement à une écriture spécifique, comparable et substituable à l’écriture textuelle classiquement utilisée en sciences sociales. Plus que de la vulgarisation, il est possible de s’essayer à une véritable sociologie dessinée. À partir d’une expérimentation de retranscription d’observations ethnographiques en bande dessinée, l’article décrit en quoi le changement de médium dans la restitution d’enquête nécessite une adaptation de la part du chercheur, qu’il soit auteur (soumis à de nouvelles règles d’écriture) ou lecteur (se heurtant à des informations inhabituelles). L’usage de la bande dessinée dans un texte universitaire, en bouleversant les habitudes d’écriture et de lecture, permet donc des gains de réflexivité importants sur chacune des étapes de l’enquête (récolte, analyse et restitution des données). Plus généralement, cette expérience incite à s’interroger sur l’intérêt qu’auraient les chercheurs à assumer la dimension narrative de leurs textes universitaires, notamment en vue de s’assurer la compréhension (et donc l’évaluation) par leurs pairs.
A Dynamic molecular basis for malfunction in disease mutants of p97/VCP
Authors: Schuetz Anne K , Kay Lewis E
Published: November 2016

p97/VCP is an essential, abundant AAA+ ATPase that is conserved throughout eukaryotes, with central functions in diverse processes ranging from protein degradation to DNA damage repair and membrane fusion. p97 has been implicated in the etiology of degenerative diseases and in cancer. Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy we reveal how disease-causing mutations in p97 deregulate dynamics of the N-terminal domain that binds adaptor proteins involved in controlling p97 function. Our results provide a molecular basis for understanding how malfunction occurs whereby mutations shift the ADP-bound form of the enzyme towards an ATP-like state in a manner that correlates with disease severity. This deregulation interferes with the two-pronged binding of an adaptor that affects p97 function in lysosomal degradation of substrates. Subtle structural changes propagate from mutation sites to regions distal in space, defining allosteric networks that facilitate inter-domain communication, with potential implications for modulation of enzyme activity by drug molecules.
Tunable 1 × 2 plasmonic splitter of dielectric-loaded graphene waveguide based on multimode interference
Authors: Wang YueKe , Hong XiaoRong , Sang Tian , Yang GuoFeng
Published: November 2016

We study the multimode interference (MMI) effect in a dielectric-loaded graphene waveguide (DLGW) numerically by the finite element method. By conducting the dispersion relation of graphene plasmon (GP) modes, a 1 × 2 splitter of GPs is proposed. Structure parameters are designed on the basis of the self-imaging principle, and the calculation of electrical field distributions illustrates two-wavelength splitting. Owing to the tunable permittivity of graphene by bias voltages, the active control of wavelength routing is achieved. High extinction ratios can also be obtained, which proves good splitting performance. It is considered that our findings provide a smart way of designing a tunable plasmonic splitter in the infrared region.
Feasibility study of detection of dielectric breakdown of gate oxide film by using acoustic emission method
Authors: Kasashima Yuji , Tabaru Tatsuo , Uesugi Fumihiko
Published: November 2016

An in situ detection method for the dielectric breakdown of oxide films for MOS gates has been required in the plasma etching process. In this feasibility study, a conventional MOSFET device is used and an acoustic emission (AE) method is employed for the detection of the dielectric breakdown of a gate oxide film. A thin type AE sensor is attached at the backside of an electrostatic chuck (ESC), and the dielectric breakdown in a MOSFET, which is set on the ESC, is detected. The results demonstrate that the thin type AE sensor can detect the dielectric breakdown with an energy on the order of µJ.