bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Size‐modulated synergy of cellulase clustering for enhanced cellulose hydrolysis
Authors: Tsai Shen‐Long , Park Miso , Chen Wilfred
Published: July 2012

Immobilization of enzymes onto nanoparticles for enhanced biocatalytic activity via enzyme clustering is a growing field. In this paper, the effect of nanoparticle size on the hydrolytic activity of artificial cellulosomes was investigated. A simple method based on metal affinity coordination was employed to directly conjugate two enzymes, an endoglucanase CelA and an exoglucanase CelE, onto CdSe–ZnS core–shell quantum dots (QDs) without the use of any chemical modification or linker molecules such as streptavidin. Artificial cellulosomes were created by clustering the enzymes onto two different QDs (5 and 10 nm) to systematically study the influence of particle size and QD to enzyme ratio on the enhancement in cellulose hydrolysis. Our results indicate that enzyme proximity is the most important factor for activity enhancement while the influence of particle size is relatively modest. This detailed understanding will provide insights for the design of other artificial cellulosomes based on nanoclustering of multiple catalytic domains with significantly enhanced activities, and may be applicable for designing improved nanobiocatalysts for biofuel production, bioremediation, and drug design.
Können Tiere zählen?
Authors: Gross Hans Joachim
Published: August 2012

Seit über 140 Jahren wissen wir bereits, dass der Mensch die angeborene Fähigkeit besitzt, nur bis zu vier Objekte korrekt zu erkennen, wenn das Zählen strikt verhindert wird. Auch viele Wirbeltiere sowie die Arbeiterinnen der Honigbiene, die wie alle Tiere natürlich unfähig sind zu zählen, können sich bis zu vier Objekte merken. Diese angeborene, Menschen und Tieren gemeinsame numerische Kompetenz regt zu interessanten Fragen zum Nutzen und zur Evolution dieser Fähigkeit an. Die “magische” Zahl Vier ist offensichtlich ein neurologisches, historisches und mythologisches Rätsel.
Mikroskopie jenseits der Auflösungsgrenze
Authors: Manck Raphael , Fischer Reinhard
Published: August 2012

Die Auflösung konventioneller lichtoptischer Mikroskope ist aufgrund physikalischer Gesetze durch die Wellenlänge des eingesetzten Lichts begrenzt. Die Größe vieler essenzieller intrazellulärer Komponenten wie Cytoskelett oder sekretorische Vesikel liegt jedoch weit unter dieser Auflösungsgrenze. Super Resolution‐Mikroskopietechniken wie Photoactivated Localization Microscopy ermöglichen es, diese Grenze zu durchbrechen. Durch kontrolliertes Aktivieren einer Subpopulation von photoaktivierbaren Fluorophoren in einer Probe kann die Position eines jeden Moleküls auf wenige Nanometer genau bestimmt werden.
Mimikry als Strategie von Jungfischen
Authors: Reininger Miriam
Published: August 2012

Die hohe Räuber‐ und Konkurrentendichte im Korallenriff zwingt vor allem Jungfische dazu, neue Überlebensstrategien zu entwickeln. Mimikry, d. h. die Nachahmung eines anderen Lebewesens zum Erzielen eines biologischen Vorteils, ist nur eine mögliche Strategie. Juvenile Lippfische der Gattung Coris zeigen eine auffallende äußerliche Ähnlichkeit zu Anemonenfischen. Diese sind durch ihr enges Zusammenleben mit nesselnden Wirtsanemonen großteils vor Fressfeinden geschützt. Durch die Ähnlichkeit zu ihren Vorbildern täuschen die ansonsten wehrlosen Lippfische ihre Räuber und erhöhen so ihre Überlebenschancen.
Kraken im Eismeer reagieren schneller durch RNA‐Editing
Authors: Brennicke Axel
Published: August 2012

Oktopoden leben in Meeren mit sehr unterschiedlichen Temperaturen. Damit die Nervenreaktion in kaltem und warmem Wasser ähnlich schnell verläuft, müssen die Kaliumkanäle in den Nervenzellen unterschiedlich aufgebaut sein. Diese Unterschiede in den Proteinen beruhen aber nicht auf Mutationen, also Veränderungen in den Genen, sondern werden durch RNA‐Editing erst bei der Reifung der RNA festgelegt.
Jagdszenen in Haus und Garten: Wespen als Räuber und Beute
Authors: Petrischak Hannes
Published: August 2012

Nicht immer muss man für interessante Tierbeobachtungen Exkursionen in spektakuläre Naturräume unternehmen. Zahlreiche Arten sind dem Menschen in den Siedlungsbereich gefolgt und profitieren dort – verglichen mit intensiv genutztem Agrarland – unter anderem von Strukturreichtum und geringen Nährstoffeinträgen. In einer kleinen Serie soll an dieser Stelle der Blick darauf gerichtet werden, was sich insbesondere in der Welt der Insekten rund ums Haus und im Garten im Laufe eines Jahres entdecken lässt.
Effect of specialist decision-making on treatment strategies for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Jones R P , Vauthey J-N , Adam R , Rees M , Berry D , Jackson R , Grimes N , Fenwick S W , Poston G J , Malik H Z
Published: August 2012

Background

One hundred and ten patients were treated with palliative chemotherapy, of whom 53 had liver-only disease and had not been reviewed by a specialist liver surgeon. One scan was excluded as all reviewers felt it to be of insufficient quality to assess. Improved surgical technique and better chemotherapeutic manipulation of metastatic disease has increased the number of patients eligible for potentially curative resection of colorectal liver metastases. The rapid evolution in this field suggests that non-specialist decision-making may lead to inappropriate management. This study aimed to assess the management of colorectal liver metastases by non-liver surgeons.

Methods

All patients who underwent chemotherapy with palliative intent for metastatic colorectal cancer at a regional oncology centre between 1 January and 31 December 2009 were identified from a prospectively maintained local database. Six resectional liver surgeons blinded to patient management and outcome reviewed pretreatment imaging and assigned each scan a score based on their own management choice. A consensus decision was reached on the appropriateness of palliative chemotherapy.

Results

Tumours in 33 patients (63 per cent) were considered potentially resectable, with a high level of interobserver agreement (κ = 0·577). When individual approach to management was considered, interobserver agreement was less marked (κ = 0·378).

Conclusion

Management of patients with colorectal liver metastases without the involvement of a specialist liver multidisciplinary team can lead to patients being denied potentially curative treatments. Management of these patients must involve a specialist liver surgeon to ensure appropriate management.
HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis and pharmacokinetics of luteoloside, a potential anticarcinogenic component isolated from Lonicera japonica, in beagle dogs
Authors: Qiu Feng , Li Zhaoxia , He Lang , Wang Dan
Published: August 2012

Luteoloside is a potential anticarcinogenic component isolated from Lonicera japonica, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This study details the development and validation of a sensitive and accurate HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method for the quantification of luteoloside in dog plasma. Sample pretreatment includes simple protein precipitation using methanol–acetonitrile (1:1, v/v). A Phenomenex Gemini C18 column (2.0 × 50 mm, i.d., 3.5 µm) was used to separate luteoloside and internal standard by gradient mode with mobile phase consisting of water containing 0.1% formic acid and methanol containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.40 mL/min with a column temperature of 25°C. The detection was performed by positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The calibration curves were linear (R > 0.995) over the concentration range 1.0–2000 ng/mL and the lower limit of quantification was 1.0 ng/mL. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions (RSD) were all <15%, accuracies (RE) were within the range of ±15%, and recoveries were between 85.0 and 115%. The validated HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method was successfully applied to determine plasma concentrations of luteoloside after intravenous administration of luteoloside at a dose level of 20 mg/kg. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prostate cancer is known by the companionship with ATM and miRNA it keeps: craftsmen of translation have dual behaviour with tailors of life thread
Authors: Farooqi Ammad Ahmad , Naqi Ali , Qureshi Muhammad Zahid , Rana Aamir , Khan Ammara , Riaz Asma M. , Afzal Syed Muhammad Faheem , Rasheed Nabeelah , Bhatti Shahzad
Published: July 2012

Research on prostate cancer progression has focused extensively on the concept of miRNA, which can operate either as promoters or as suppressors of carcinogenesis. Moreover, recent genetic studies and emerging functional work show that strikingly similar and overlapping pathways are involved in prostate carcinogenesis. Unswervingly, these elements constitute a recently explored ‘network of networks’ that dynamically reorganizes during DNA damage and is responsible for positively or negatively regulating genome organization and integrity. We consider these facets of convergence and discuss how insights from diametrically opposed interactions of ataxia–telangiectasia mutated and mitrons can inform us about, and possibly help us to get a step closer to personalized medicine. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of melatonin in the oxidative damage prevention at different times of hepatic regeneration
Authors: González Marcela Aida , del Carmen Contini María , Millen Nestor , Mahieu Stella Teresita
Published: August 2012

The process of regenerating liver is the result of a balance between stimulating factors and inhibitors of hepatocyte proliferation. Melatonin and its metabolites have been found to protect tissues against oxidative damage generated by a variety of toxic agents and metabolic processes. Furthermore, studies in liver of rats showed a decrease in the liver mitochondrial hydroxylation of drugs returning to the normal state after the administration of antioxidants. This study was designed to determine, in experimental animals, whether the administration of an antioxidant agent such as melatonin could prevent cells events leading to tissue injury and hepatic dysfunction after partial hepatectomy (PH). Biliary flow (BF), oxidative stress in hepatic tissue and Na+/K+ATPase activities in whole plasma membrane were determined. PH decreased the Na+/K+ATPase activity. PH significantly reduced the BF (36%) and promoted oxidative stress with an increase of lipoperoxidation and decrease of glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities. Treatment with melatonin prevented the decrease of BF in rats with hepatectomy and normalized the Na+/K+ATPase activity. Moreover, melatonin markedly attenuated oxidative stress produced by PH. This may be the results of the higher efficacy of melatonin in scavenging various free radicals and also because of its ability in stimulating the antioxidant enzymes. We suggest that oxidative stress before and during liver regeneration has a crucial role in cholestasis, apoptotic/necrotic hepatocellular damage and the impairment in liver transport function induced by PH and that melatonin could modulate the degree of oxidative stress and through it prevent the alterations in liver function carrier. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microcin C and Albomycin Analogues with Aryl‐tetrazole Substituents as Nucleobase Isosters Are Selective Inhibitors of Bacterial Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases but Lack Efficient Uptake
Authors: Vondenhoff Gaston H. , Gadakh Bharat , Severinov Konstantin , Van Aerschot Arthur
Published: July 2012

In 1998, Cubist Pharmaceuticals patented a series of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS) inhibitors based on aminoacyl sulfamoyladenosines (aaSAs), in which the adenine was substituted by aryl‐tetrazole moieties linked to the ribose fragment by a two‐carbon spacer. Although potent and specific inhibitors of bacterial IleRS, these compounds did not prove successful in vivo due to low cell permeability and strong binding to serum albumin. In this work, we attempted to improve these compounds by combining them with microcin C (McC) or albomycin (i.e., siderophore–drug conjugate (SDC)) transport modules. We found that aryl‐tetrazole variants of McC and albomycin still lacked antibacterial activity. However, these compounds were readily processed by E. coli aminopeptidases with the release of toxic aaRS inhibitors. Hence, the lack of activity in whole‐cell assays was due to an inability of the new compounds to be taken up by the cells, thus indicating that the nucleotide moieties of McC and albomycin strongly contribute to facilitated transport of these compounds inside the cell.
The A9 Core Sequence from NRPS Adenylation Domain Is Relevant for Thioester Formation
Authors: Bučević‐Popović Viljemka , Šprung Matilda , Soldo Barbara , Pavela‐Vrančič Maja
Published: August 2012

The adenylation (A) domain in nonribosomal peptide synthetases catalyses a two‐step reaction in which an amino acid is activated and then transferred to the neighbouring thiolation (T) domain. In this study, we investigated the role of the conserved A9 core sequence of the A‐domain of tyrocidine synthetase 1, by analysis of single amino acid mutations in the A9 region. Mutation of an absolutely conserved proline (P490G) significantly reduced the conformational stability of the protein, as evidenced by increased susceptibility to proteolytic cleavage and denaturation. All mutant A‐domains were capable of amino acid activation, but the activity in the overall reaction was reduced. Surprisingly, the S491R mutant (mutation at the first residue following the A9 motif) showed elevated overall activity compared to the wild‐type protein. Our results suggest that the A9 core sequence plays a role in the second reaction step, in which it could serve as a “clip” for the proper positioning of residues important for the interaction with the T‐domain, and/or stabilisation of the thioester‐forming conformation.
Controlled Synthesis of Nanoscale Icosahedral Gold Particles at Room Temperature
Authors: Chen Lifang , Leong G. Jeremy , Schulze Maxwell , Dinh Huyen N. , Pivovar Bryan , Hu Juncheng , Qi Zhiwen , Fang Yunjin , Prikhodko Sergey , Pozuelo Marta , Kodambaka Suneel , Richards Ryan M.
Published: August 2012

The shape of nanocrystals determines surface atomic arrangement and coordination, influencing their chemical and physical properties. We present a novel and facile approach to synthesize gold icosahedra by employing glucose as reducing reagent and sodium dodecyl sulfate as directing agent in the environmentally benign medium of water at room temperature. The size of the icosahedra can be controlled in the range of 30–250 nm by altering reaction conditions. High‐resolution microscopy and diffraction studies indicate the icosahedra are composed of rotational twins that owe likely to assemblage of tetrahedral units. The gold icosahedra particles catalytic properties are probed in the borohydride reduction of p‐nitrophenols and exhibit a size‐dependence reaction property. Comparison studies with spherical particles prepared by the Turkevich method, coupled with poisoning experiments, infer that the shape has a strong influence in the abundance of active surface sites as well as their activities. The properties of nanoscale icosahedra particles has promising applications for further catalytic processes, surface enhancement spectroscopic methods, chemical or biological sensing, and the fabrication of nanoscale devices.
Nonlinear Absorbing Platinum(II) Diimine Complexes: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Reverse Saturable Absorption
Authors: Liu Rui , Zhou Dapeng , Azenkeng Alexander , Li Zhongjing , Li Yuhao , Glusac Ksenija D. , Sun Wenfang
Published: July 2012

A series of platinum(II) diimine complexes with different substituents on fluorenyl acetylide ligands (1 a–1 e) were synthesized and characterized. The influence of the auxiliary substituent on the photophysics of these complexes has been systematically investigated spectroscopically and theoretically (using density functional theory (DFT) methods). All complexes exhibit ligand‐centered 1π,π* transitions in the UV and blue spectral region, and broad, structureless 1MLCT/1LLCT (1 a, 1 b, 1 d and 1 e) or 1MLCT/1LLCT/1π,π* (1 c) absorption bands in the visible region. All complexes are emissive in solution at room temperature, with the emitting state is tentatively assigned to mixed 3MLCT/3π,π* states. The degree of 3π,π* and 3MLCT mixing varies with different substituents and solvent polarities. Complexes 1 a–1 e exhibit relatively strong singlet and triplet transient absorption from 450 to 800 nm, at which point reverse saturable absorption (RSA) could occur. Nonlinear transmission experiments at 532 nm by using nanosecond laser pulses demonstrate that 1 a–1 e are strong reverse saturable absorbers and could potentially be used as broadband nonlinear absorbing materials.
Self‐Recovery of Pd Nanoparticles That Were Dispersed over La(Sr)Fe(Mn)O3 for Intelligent Oxide Anodes of Solid‐Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Shin Tae Ho , Okamoto Yohei , Ida Shintaro , Ishihara Tatsumi
Published: August 2012

Self‐recovery is one of the most‐desirable properties for functional materials. Recently, oxide anodes have attracted significant attention as alternative anode materials for solid‐oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) that can overcome reoxidation, deactivation, and coke‐deposition. However, the electrical conductivity and surface activity of the most‐widely used oxide anodes remain unsatisfactory. Herein, we report the synthesis of an “intelligent oxide anode” that exhibits self‐recovery from power‐density degradation in the redox cycle by using a Pd‐doped La(Sr)Fe‐ (Mn)O3 cell as an oxide anode for the SOFCs. We investigated the anodic performance and oxidation‐tolerance of the cell by using Pd‐doped perovskite as an anode and fairly high maximum power densities of 0.5 and 0.1 W cm−2 were achieved at 1073 and 873 K, respectively, despite using a 0.3 mm‐thick electrolyte. Long‐term stability was also examined and the power density was recovered upon exposure of the anode to air. This recovery of the power density can be explained by the formation of Pd nanoparticles, which were self‐recovered through reoxidation and reduction. In addition, the self‐recovery of the anode by oxidation was confirmed by XRD and SEM and this process was effective for improving the durability of SOFC systems when they were exposed to severe operating conditions.
Hierarchical Structures of Carbon Nanotubes and Arrays of Chromium‐Capped Silicon Nanopillars: Formation and Electrical Properties
Authors: Koch Stefan , Joshi Ravi K. , Noyong Michael , Timper Jan , Schneider Jörg J. , Simon Ulrich
Published: August 2012

The formation of stochastically oriented carbon‐nanotube networks on top of an array of free‐standing chromium‐capped silicon nanopillars is reported. The combination of nanosphere lithography and chemical vapor deposition enables the construction of nanostructures that exhibit a hierarchical sequence of structural sizes. Metallic chromium serves as an etching mask for Si‐pillar formation and as a nucleation site for the formation of carbon nanotubes through the chemical vapor deposition of ethene, ethanol, and methane, respectively, thereby bridging individual pillars from top to top. Iron and cobalt were applied onto the chromium caps as catalysts for CNT growth and the influence of different carbon sources and different gas‐flow rates were investigated. The carbon nanotubes were structurally characterized and their DC electrical properties were studied by in situ local‐ and ex situ macroscopic measurements, both of which reveal their semiconductor properties. This process demonstrates how carbon nanotubes can be integrated into Si‐based semiconductors and, thus, this process may be used to form high‐surface‐area sensors or new porous catalyst supports with enhanced gas‐permeation properties.
Synthesis of Perylene Dyes with Multiple Triphenylamine Substituents
Authors: Keerthi Ashok , Liu Yeru , Wang Qing , Valiyaveettil Suresh
Published: August 2012

Perylene monoimide (PMI) was brominated to give tetra‐ and tribrominated molecules, which underwent a Suzuki coupling reaction with 4‐(diphenylamino)phenylboronic acid to give PMI derivatives. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated, and theoretical calculations were performed. Single crystals of tetrasubstituted PMI were grown and studied in detail. The structure–property relationships were examined to reveal the effect of the position and number of substituents on the perylene core unit. All molecules showed a broad absorption up to 750 nm. Corresponding anhydrides of PMIs were used for fabrication of dye‐sensitized solar cells. The molecule with four triphenylamine units on perylene monoanhydride showed the highest power conversion efficiency.
Measuring Equilibrium Bicarbonate Concentrations Directly in Cellular Mitochondria and in Human Serum Using Europium/Terbium Emission Intensity Ratios
Authors: Smith David G , Pal Robert , Parker David
Published: August 2012

A series of Eu and Tb complexes of four different chiral ligands incorporating an azaxanthone sensitiser has been evaluated as probes for the bicarbonate anion. Their binding affinities were assessed at ambient pH with bicarbonate, lactate, citrate, phosphate and serum albumin. Binding was signalled by modulation of circularly polarised luminescence and apparent affinity constants were measured by examining changes in emission intensity ratios. Competition experiments show that with these species and ATP present at normal physiological values, bicarbonate can be determined selectively over the concentration range 10 to 35 mM. Bicarbonate levels are also reported by using a mixture of Eu and Tb complexes of a common ligand, examining the ratio of red/green emitted light. These methods have been adapted for the determination of bicarbonate in human serum and used for the assessment of mitochondrial levels of bicarbonate in several different cell types with confocal microscopy.
Bioavailability of Metallic Impurities in Carbon Nanotubes Is Greatly Enhanced by Ultrasonication
Authors: Toh Rou Jun , Ambrosi Adriano , Pumera Martin
Published: August 2012

Metallic impurities within carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as the main cause of their toxicity. Ultrasonication is a common procedure used to purify and obtain homogeneous dispersions of CNTs as well as to mix them with other components for further processing into composites. Herein, the influence of ultrasonication upon the bioavailability of metallic impurities in CNTs was investigated. We showed that even ultrasonication times as short as 5 min significantly enhanced the bioavailability of metallic impurities, which can therefore interact more actively with biologically important molecules. These findings will have profound impact on the processing of CNTs as well as on nanotoxicity studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Layered REB2C Compounds (RE: Dy, Tm, Lu).
Authors: Babizhetskyy Volodymyr , Simon Arndt , Hoch Constantin , Hiebl Kurt , Le Polles Laurent , Gautier Regis , Halet Jean‐Francois
Published: August 2012

The isotypic title compounds are prepared from the elements (1270 K, 1 month) and the crystal structure of LuB2C is determined by powder and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetragonal YBaFe4O7.0: A Stoichiometric Polymorph of the “114” Ferrite Family.
Authors: Duffort V. , Caignaert V. , Pralong V. , Barrier N. , Raveau B. , Avdeev M. , Zheng H. , Mitchell J. F.
Published: August 2012

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of BaFe2O4, Fe2O3, Y2O3, and metallic Fe (sealed silica tube, 1100 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: New Lithium Chalcogenidotetrelates, LiChT: Synthesis and Characterization of the Li+‐Conducting Tetralithium ortho‐Sulfidostannate Li4SnS4.
Authors: Kaib Thomas , Haddadpour Sima , Kapitein Manuel , Bron Philipp , Schroeder Cornelia , Eckert Hellmut , Roling Bernhard , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: August 2012

The new compound Li4SnS4 (I) is synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of Li2S, Sn, and sulfur (silica ampule, 600 °C, 24 h, 70% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Polar, Lamdba (Λ)‐Shaped Building Units in Noncentrosymmetric Inorganic Structures.
Authors: Donakowski Martin D. , Gautier Romain , Yeon Jeongho , Moore Donald T. , Nino Juan C. , Halasyamani P. Shiv , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R.
Published: August 2012

The purely inorganic, polar compound (IIIb) (orthorhombic space group Pna21, Z = 4) and its centrosymmetric (triclinic space group P$\bar 1$, Z = 4) heterotypes (IIIa,c) and (V) are characterized by single crystal XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, impedance, and second harmonic generation measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐ and Silver‐Catalyzed Reactions of Propargylic Alcohols in the Presence of Protic Additives.
Authors: Pennell Matthew N. , Turner Peter G. , Sheppard Tom D.
Published: August 2012

A full account on the recently published room‐temperature Meyer—Schuster rearrangement of propargylic alcohols is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridine Is an Organocatalyst for the Reductive Ozonolysis of Alkenes.
Authors: Willand‐Charnley Rachel , Fisher Thomas J. , Johnson Bradley M. , Dussault Patrick H.
Published: August 2012

Compared to previous two‐step procedures requiring a reaction time of 24 h, the direct reductive ozonolysis is finished within 3 minutes.
ChemInform Abstract: Friedel—Crafts Amidoalkylation via Thermolysis and Oxidative Photocatalysis.
Authors: Dai Chunhui , Meschini Francesco , Narayanam Jagan M. R. , Stephenson Corey R. J.
Published: August 2012

Generally, the photocatalysis provides better yields and selectivity than thermolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Branched Amines by Direct Addition of Benzamides to Imines.
Authors: Hesp Kevin D. , Bergman Robert G. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: August 2012

In contrast to the pyrrolidine amide moiety (Pya), other directing groups such as dialkyl amides decrease the yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Regioselective Ring‐Opening of Arylaziridines with Alcohols, Thiols, Amines and N‐Heteroaromatic Compounds Using Sulfated Zirconia.
Authors: Llaveria Josep , Espinoza Araceli , Negron Guillermo , Matheu M. Isabel , Castillon Sergio
Published: August 2012

The products resulting from nucleophilic attack at the benzylic position are obtained as major products.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free, N,N′‐Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) Mediated Amidation.
Authors: Verma Sanjeev K. , Ghorpade Ramarao , Pratap Ajay , Kaushik M. P.
Published: August 2012

A simple and scalable protocol is developed for the synthesis of amides (III) by condensation of carboxylic acids with CDI providing imidazole intermediates which react with various amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Oxidative Dehydrogenative Functionalization of Arylacetaldehydes Using Molecular Oxygen as Oxidant Leading to 2‐Oxo‐acetamidines.
Authors: Zhang Chun , Zhang Liangren , Jiao Ning
Published: August 2012

Copper‐catalyzed multiple oxidative amination of arylacetaldehydes with various aromatic amines provides an efficient access towards oxoacetamidines, e.g. (III) and (VII), in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diaryl Disulfides via Mild Reduction of Arylsulfinates with Hydrazine Monohydrate in DMSO.
Authors: Zhu Rui‐Heng , Shi Xiao‐Xin
Published: August 2012

The reaction is not suitable to aliphatic sulfinates as the corresponding dialkyl disulfides are obtained in less than 10% yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemoselective Mono‐Suzuki Arylation Reactions on All Three Dichlorobenzene Isomers and Applications Development.
Authors: Ullah Ehsan , McNulty James , Robertson Al
Published: August 2012

The palladium complex of trioxaphosphaadamantane TOPA is very efficient for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Metal‐Free Cyclopropanation of Alkenes Using Tosylhydrazones.
Authors: Barluenga Jose , Quinones Noelia , Tomas‐Gamasa Maria , Cabal Maria‐Paz
Published: August 2012

The title method is optimized for each type of alkene (styrenes, dienes, enynes, and electron‐deficient alkenes).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies with 3‐Oxo‐N‐[4‐(3‐oxo‐3‐phenylpropionylamino)‐phenyl]‐3‐phenylpropionamide.
Authors: Abdelrazek Fathy M. , Sobhy Nehal A. , Metz Peter , Bazbouz Akram A.
Published: August 2012

Title compound (I) and its derivative (IV) are employed for the synthesis of hitherto unknown bis‐heterocyclic amine and bis‐heterocyclic carboxamide derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis and Evaluation of 3‐Alkylidene‐1,3‐dihydroisobenzofurans as Potential Antidepressant Agents.
Authors: Praveen C. , Iyyappan C. , Girija K. , Kumar K. Suresh , Perumal P. T.
Published: August 2012

Phthalanes (II) and (IV) are obtained regio‐, stereo‐, and chemoselectively by Cu(II)‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of 2‐ethynylbenzyl alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Scandium(III)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylation of Isatins Using Allylsilanes.
Authors: Hanhan Nadine V. , Tang Yng C. , Tran Ngon T. , Franz Annaliese K.
Published: August 2012

Trimethyl silanes provide best results, whereas chloro‐, methoxy‐ or aryl‐substituted silanes give rise to lower yields and decreasing enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Copper(I) Catalyzed Azide Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) for the Preparation of Conjugated Pyrrolo[2,3‐a]carbazole Pim Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Letribot Boris , Akue‐Gedu Rufine , Santio Niina M. , El‐Ghozzi Malika , Avignant Daniel , Cisnetti Federico , Koskinen Paivi J. , Gautier Arnaud , Anizon Fabrice , Moreau Pascale
Published: August 2012

New pyrrolocarbazole‐3‐carbaldehydes, substituted at the N‐10 position, are synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit Pim kinases in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzothiazolones from 2‐Iodoaniline‐Derived Carbamates and Sodium Sulfide.
Authors: Li Jiaojiao , Zhang Yihua , Jiang Yongwen , Ma Dawei
Published: August 2012

The two‐step approach allows the preparation of various benzothiazole structures with a broad spectrum of functionalities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐N‐Substituted Benzothiazoles via Domino Condensation‐Hetero Cyclization Process, Mediated by Copper Oxide Nanoparticles under Ligand‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Satish G. , Reddy K. Harsha Vardhan , Ramesh K. , Karnakar K. , Nageswar Y. V. D.
Published: August 2012

The three‐component condensation is mediated by KOH/CuO.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of Spiro[2H‐pyran‐3,4′‐indoline] by a Systematic Michael/Reduction/Cyclization Sequence Triggered by the Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Ketones to Isatylidenemalononitriles.
Authors: Zhao Hua , Lan Yu‐Bao , Liu Zhao‐Min , Wang Yong , Wang Xing‐Wang , Tao Jing‐Chao
Published: August 2012

The Michael addition reactions are performed with excellent enantioselectivities in the presence of a cinchona‐based chiral primary amine and L‐camphoric acid as an effective catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Polysubstituted 4‐Amino‐ and 3,4‐Diaminochromans with a Chiral Multifunctional Organocatalyst.
Authors: Hou Wenduan , Zheng Bo , Chen Jun , Peng Yungui
Published: August 2012

The asymmetric addition of nitroolefins to salicylaldimines allows a simple and facile access to various title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient, High‐Yield Protocol for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzopyran Derivatives Catalyzed by p‐TSA in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Nagarapu Lingaiah , Karnakanti Shuklachary , Bantu Rajashaker , Srindhar B.
Published: August 2012

Benzopyran derivatives (III) are obtained in a TosOH‐catalyzed reaction of salicylaldehyde with 1,3‐cyclohexanediones in H2O as green solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Addition of β‐Amino Carbanions to Arynes: One‐Pot Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐N‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines.
Authors: Singh Kamal Nain , Singh Paramjit , Singh Pushpinder , Deol Yadwinder Singh
Published: August 2012

The novel procedure renders possible the direct C‐4 arylation of the tetrahydroisoquinoline skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Access to 3‐Substituted‐1(2H)‐isoquinolone by Tandem Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Aminocarbonylation Annulation.
Authors: Dieudonne‐Vatran Antoine , Azoulay Michel , Florent Jean‐Claude
Published: August 2012

If the compound (V) bears a heteroaromatic substituent or an aromatic substituent with a electron‐withdrawing group the reaction fails.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aminopyridines and Aminopyridones by Cobalt‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions Involving Yne‐Ynamides: Scope, Limitations, and Mechanistic Insights.
Authors: Garcia Pierre , Evanno Yannick , George Pascal , Sevrin Mireille , Ricci Gino , Malacria Max , Aubert Corinne , Gandon Vincent
Published: August 2012

About 30 nitriles exhibiting a broad range of steric demand and electronic properties are studied in the title cycloaddition reaction to give pyrrolo‐, pyrido‐, and azepino‐fused pyridines as the desired bicyclic aminopyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐1,7‐naphthyridine‐2(1H)‐thiones by the Electrocyclic Reaction of 4‐(1‐Arylalk‐1‐enyl)‐3‐isothiocyanatopyridines Generated in situ from the Corresponding Isocyanides.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Kozuki Taketoshi , Suzuki Teruhiko
Published: August 2012

For the first time a simple and practical method for the synthesis of the title compounds (II) and (IV) is described from readily available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Furopyrazines as Restricted Dipeptidomimetics.
Authors: Claerhout Stijn , Sharma Sweta , Skoeld Christian , Cavaluzzo Claudia , Sandstroem Anja , Larhed Mats , Thirumal Meganathan , Parmar Virinder S. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: August 2012

The synthesis of a furopyrazine scaffold having points of diversity is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrooxidative Cyclization of Hydroxyamino Compounds Possessing a Benzyl Group.
Authors: Okimoto Mitsuhiro , Ohashi Kousuke , Yamamori Haruki , Nishikawa Shinnosuke , Hoshi Masayuki , Yoshida Takashi
Published: August 2012

Electrolytic oxidation of N‐benzyl‐2‐piperidine alcohols (I) and 3‐dialkylamino‐1‐phenylpropanols (III) is successfully developed to synthesize heminaminal type O,N‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly cis‐Diastereoselective Synthesis of Coumarin‐Based 2,3‐Disubstituted Dihydrobenzothiazines by Organocatalysis.
Authors: Khoobi Mehdi , Ramazani Ali , Foroumadi Alireza , Emami Saeed , Jafarpour Farnaz , Mahyari Amir , Slepokura Katarzyna , Lis Tadeusz , Shafiee Abbas
Published: August 2012

An efficient synthesis of the title compounds (III), (V), and (VII) is presented by using the cheap and commercially available quinine hydrochloride as the catalyst of choice
ChemInform Abstract: The Design and Synthesis of Novel, Phosphonate‐Containing Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8 (TRPM8) Antagonists.
Authors: Matthews Jay M. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2012

Compound (Ib) is identified as a highly selective and robust TRPM8 antagonist in vitro that inhibits icilin‐induced behaviors in a rat WDS model.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Electron‐Deficient Pyrroles with meso Electrophiles.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Osipov Maksim , Dong Guangbin
Published: August 2012

The title reaction in the presence of ligands (I) allows the preparation of various nucleic acid precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: Review of Metal Sulfide Precipitation
Authors: Lewis Alison Emslie
Published: August 2012

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Understanding Stress Corrosion Cracking of Welds in Nuclear Reactors
Authors: Ramirez Jose
Published: August 2012

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminum Alkoxides and Phenoxides (Update 2011)
Authors: Ohmatsu K. , Ooi T.
Published: August 2012

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Efficient Catalytic Arylation of Aldehydes with Thioether‐Imidazolinium Carbene Ligands
Authors: Kuriyama Masami
Published: August 2012

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiol—Yne Coupling: Revisiting Old Concepts as a Breakthrough for Up‐to‐Date Applications
Authors: Massi Alessandro , Nanni Daniele
Published: August 2012

Review: e.g. the functionalization of sugars or peptides; 193 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Molecular Gels — A Brief Review
Authors: Kandanelli Ramesh , Bhowmik Sandip , Maitra Uday
Published: August 2012

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Pespective on Direct Electrophilic Arene Borylation
Authors: Ingleson Michael J.
Published: August 2012

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Flavor Chemistry of Methylglyoxal and Glyoxal
Authors: Wang Yu , Ho Chi‐Tang
Published: August 2012

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in Fluoroalkylation of Organic Compounds via Sulfinatodehalogenation Initiation System
Authors: Zhang Cheng‐Pan , Chen Qing‐Yun , Guo Yong , Xiao Ji‐Chang , Gu Yu‐Cheng
Published: August 2012

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bio‐Inspired Chiral Primary Amine Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Long , Luo Sanzhong
Published: August 2012

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Glycosylation of Enhanced Aromatic Sequons to Increase Glycoprotein Stability
Authors: Price Joshua L. , Culyba Elizabeth K. , Chen Wentao , Murray Amber N. , Hanson Sarah R. , Wong Chi‐Huey , Powers Evan T. , Kelly Jeffery W.
Published: August 2012

Review: 102 refs.
Esterfication of Chlorocarboxylic Acids by Aqueous Hydrogenchloride – Influence on Kinetic and Conversion
Authors: Litzmann Oliver , Grützner Thomas , Hanselmann Paul , Heyl Andreas , Repke Jens‐Uwe
Published: July 2012

Ester der chlorierten Carboxylsäuren stellen wichtige Zwischenprodukte der Chemie dar. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, wie die Veresterung unter Ausnutzung der bei der Chlorierung anfallenden Salzsäure realisiert werden kann. Hierzu wird eine thermokinetische Messmethode zur Bestimmung der Kinetik entwickelt und der Einfluss der Mineralsäure auf den Reaktionsumsatz untersucht.
Oxidative Coupling of Methane: Process Design, Development and Operation in a Mini‐Plant Scale
Authors: Stünkel Steffen , Trivedi Harshil , Godini Hamid‐Reza , Jašo Stanislav , Holst Niko , Arndt Sebastian , Steinbach Jörg , Schomäcker Reinhard
Published: August 2012

The catalytic oxidative coupling of methane to higher hydrocarbons (OCM) is an alternative route for production of ethylene or liquid fuels and has obtained much attention in the past. In this article the process design of reactor concepts and the gas treatment of the product gas are discussed. In addition to the reaction engineering and thermal separation engineering aspects, the consideration of safety issues is included. In a case study, the OCM process is developed on a mini‐plant scale and first, preliminary experimental results are shown. The results of the accompanying safety study based on a HAZOP analysis are discussed for the whole OCM process. The energy savings by implementation of a hybrid separation process based on a membrane separation module and an absorption process for the CO2 removal from the OCM product is presented and validated experimentally on a mini‐plant scale.
The Use of Spray Nozzles for the Reduction of Fugitive Dust Emissions
Authors: Klenk Ulrich , Parey Matthias
Published: July 2012

Zur Entfernung von Staub aus Abgasströmen mittels Sprühdüsen werden u. a. Nasswäscher verwendet, die in einem definierten Volumenstrom einen definierten Sprüh erzeugen, um Partikeln möglichst effektiv und mit geringem Energieaufwand auszuwaschen. Tropfengröße, Druck und Wassermenge lassen sich an den Abgasstrom anpassen. Sollen jedoch Staubemissionen aus diffusen Quellen, z. B. im Schüttgutumschlag, reduziert werden, so sind im Gegensatz zum definierten Abgasvolumenstrom die für die Minderungswirkung wesentlichen Faktoren veränderlich. Eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Bedüsungssystemen machte es notwendig, diese hinsichtlich ihrer staubmindernden Wirkungen bei der Anwendung im Schüttgutumschlag zu bewerten um später gezielt eine Auswahl für verschiedene Einsatzgebiete treffen zu können.
Process Model Utilization in the Process Life‐Cycle: an Industrial Case Study
Authors: Müller David , Kahrs Olaf , Höser Stefan , Arellano‐Garica Harvey
Published: July 2012

Die durchgängige Nutzung von Prozessmodellen während des Prozesslebenszyklus – von der Entwicklung bis hin zum Anlagenbetrieb – ist seit Jahren ein angestrebtes Ziel in der Forschung und der industriellen Praxis. Die Reduktion des Modellierungsaufwands ist einer der wesentlichen Faktoren für den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg. An einem industriellen Fallbeispiel wird die Nutzung eines bestehenden stationären Prozessmodells des BASF SE Inhouse‐Simulators CHEMASIM für den Online‐Einsatz illustriert. Das Prozessmodell wird laufend mit Messdaten einer realen Chemieanlage aktualisiert und stellt damit eine Technologieplattform für die Echtzeit‐Optimierung und das Prozessmonitoring dar.
Global expression profiling of globose basal cells and neurogenic progression within the olfactory epithelium
Authors: Krolewski Richard C. , Packard Adam , Schwob James E.
Published: July 2012

Ongoing, lifelong neurogenesis maintains the neuronal population of the olfactory epithelium in the face of piecemeal neuronal turnover and restores it following wholesale loss. The molecular phenotypes corresponding to different stages along the progression from multipotent globose basal cell (GBC) progenitor to differentiated olfactory sensory neuron are poorly characterized. We used the transgenic expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and cell surface markers to FACS‐isolate ΔSox2‐eGFP(+) GBCs, Neurog1‐eGFP(+) GBCs and immature neurons, and ΔOMP‐eGFP(+) mature neurons from normal adult mice. In addition, the latter two populations were also collected 3 weeks after olfactory bulb ablation, a lesion that results in persistently elevated neurogenesis. Global profiling of mRNA from the populations indicates that all stages of neurogenesis share a cohort of >2,100 genes that are upregulated compared to sustentacular cells. A further cohort of >1,200 genes are specifically upregulated in GBCs as compared to sustentacular cells and differentiated neurons. The increased rate of neurogenesis caused by olfactory bulbectomy had little effect on the transcriptional profile of the Neurog1‐eGFP(+) population. In contrast, the abbreviated lifespan of ΔOMP‐eGFP(+) neurons born in the absence of the bulb correlated with substantial differences in gene expression as compared to the mature neurons of the normal epithelium. Detailed examination of the specific genes upregulated in the different progenitor populations revealed that the chromatin modifying complex proteins LSD1 and coREST were expressed sequentially in upstream ΔSox2‐eGFP(+) GBCs and Neurog1‐eGFP(+) GBCs/immature neurons. The expression patterns of these proteins are dynamically regulated after activation of the epithelium by methyl bromide lesion. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:833–859, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controllable one‐step synthesis of CuO, Cu2O and Cu
Authors: Zhao J.G. , Yang S.H. , Yang S.G.
Published: July 2012

In the present report, CuO, Cu2O and Cu have been successfully synthesized through a facile, one‐step hydrothermal method at a relative low temperature by controlling only the concentration of citric acid. Compared with other synthetic methods, the present method is mild, high‐efficient and nontoxic. The crystal structure and morphology of the as prepared samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The mechanism for the crystal phase and morphological changes with different citric acid concentrations were discussed. The possible reaction process of the synthesis was also studied on the basis of the experimental results. We hope that this facile, one‐step hydrothermal method could be used in controlling synthesis of other metals and metal oxides under appropriate experimental conditions.
Effect of exercise intensity and duration on capillary glucose responses in pregnant women at low and high risk for gestational diabetes
Authors: Ruchat S.‐M. , Davenport M. H. , Giroux I. , Hillier M. , Batada A. , Sopper M. M. , McManus R. , Hammond J.‐A. , Mottola M. F.
Published: August 2012

Background

Exercise may influence glucose metabolism during pregnancy. We examined the effect of exercise intensity and duration on capillary glucose responses in pregnant women at low and high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) who followed a modified GDM meal plan.

Methods

Randomization occurred at study entry (16–20 weeks' gestation) into a low‐intensity [30% heart rate reserve, low risk‐30%I, n = 12; high risk‐30%I, n = 11] or vigorous‐intensity (70% heart rate reserve, low risk‐70%I, n = 12; R‐70%I, n = 11) exercise program with similar nutritional control. Exercise consisted of walking three to four times a week, gradually increasing time from 25 to 40 min/session. Free‐living capillary glucose concentrations were measured once a week pre‐exercise and post‐exercise.

Results

Capillary glucose responses to exercise were strongly influenced by an interaction between GDM risk, exercise duration and exercise intensity (p = 0.006). Decreases in glucose concentrations were observed after 25 (4 ± 13%), 35 (21 ± 12%) and 40 min (15 ± 18%) of walking in high risk‐30%I women, with the most noticeable decline after 35 and 40 min. In the high risk‐70%I, glucose concentrations decreased significantly only after 25 (22 ± 14%) and 35 min (7 ± 23%) and increasing the exercise time attenuated glucose concentrations decline. In low risk women, regardless of exercise intensity and duration, decreases in glucose concentrations were significant and similar.

Conclusion

To achieve the best decline in glucose concentrations, pregnant women who follow a modified GDM meal plan should walk for 25 min/session at vigorous intensity or for 35–40 min/session at low intensity if they are at risk for GDM and for at least 25 min at either low or vigorous intensity if they are at low risk for GDM. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hitchhiking with forests: population genetics of the epiphytic lichenLobaria pulmonariain primeval and managed forests in southeasternEurope
Authors: Scheidegger Christoph , Bilovitz Peter O. , Werth Silke , Widmer Ivo , Mayrhofer Helmut
Published: August 2012

Availability of suitable trees is a primary determinant of range contractions and expansions of epiphytic species. However, switches between carrier tree species may blur co‐phylogeographic patterns. We identified glacial refugia in southeasternEurope for the tree‐colonizing lichenLobaria pulmonaria,studied the importance of primeval forest reserves for the conservation of genetically diverse populations and analyzed differences in spatial genetic structure between primeval and managed forests with fungus‐specific microsatellite markers. Populations belonged to either of two genepools or were admixed. Gene diversity was higher in primeval than in managed forests. At small distances up to 170 m, genotype diversity was lower in managed compared with primeval forests. We found significant associations between groups of tree species and twoL. pulmonariagenepools, which may indicate “hitchhiking” ofL. pulmonariaon forest communities during postglacial migration. Genepool B ofL. pulmonariawas associated withEuropeanBeech (Fagus sylvatica)and we can hypothesize that genepool B survived the last glaciation associated within the refuge ofEuropeanBeech on theCoastal andCentralDinarides. The allelic richness of genepool A was highest in the Alps, which is the evidence for a northern refuge ofL. pulmonaria. Vicariant altitudinal distributions of the two genepools suggest intraspecific ecological differentiation.