bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Psychosocial Issues in Terminal Illness
Authors: Thomas Jane DeLima , Reitschuler-Cross Eva , Block Susan D
Published: January 2021

Patients facing serious or life-threatening illness experience challenges to their psychological, social, and spiritual lives as well as to their physical function and comfort. Physicians may be accustomed to focusing on the biomedical aspects of illness, but they have a critical role in assessing the patient's psychosocial issues to identify sources of distress and help implement a plan for mitigating them. An appropriate psychosocial assessment requires a methodical and rigorous approach and includes assessment of any psychosocial issue affected by or affecting a patient's experience of illness. This chapter outlines a structured approach to addressing psychosocial issues by discussing (1) the doctor-patient relationship; (2) coping with illness; (3) family dynamics and caregiving; (4) ethnic and cultural issues; (5) religious, spiritual, and existential issues; (6) mental health issues, including adjustment disorder, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, aberrant drug behaviors, and major mental health issues; and (7) grief and bereavement. Tables outline psychosocial assessment questions, factors predisposing patients with serious illness to depression, risk factors for suicide in patients with terminal illness, and classes of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and sedatives. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) questionnaire is provided, as well as a list of Web sites with further resources about psychosocial issues in serious illness.
This chapter contains 1 highly rendered figure, 6 tables, 216 references, and 5 MCQs.
Chemotherapy for Gynecologic Malignancies
Authors: Dockery Lauren E , Holman Laura L
Published: January 2021

Treatment of most gynecologic malignancies typically uses a combination of surgical resection of tumor burden followed by chemotherapy. Chemotherapy may also be used as a radiosensitizing agent for diseases such as cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancer. Although progress has been made in treatment of gynecologic malignancies, outcomes remain generally poor, and development of further targeted therapies or treatments is needed. This review covers the basic principles of chemotherapy as well as classes and regimens of drugs commonly used in the treatment of gynecologic malignancy.
This review contains 1 figure, 4 tables and 49 references
Key words: cervical cancer, chemotherapy, endometrial cancer, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, hormonal therapy, ovarian cancer, targeted therapy, uterine sarcoma
Vertebral Compression Fractures and Options for Treatment
Authors: Anitescu Magdalena , Layno-Moses Annie
Published: January 2021

Vertebral compression fracture, a condition that affects almost one quarter of women in the United States, often presents as unrelenting pain with even minor movement. The condition has a significant effect on the decrease in quality of life of patients affected. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are key in the management of this condition. Although a conservative regimen with back braces and analgesics is the first initial step, invasive procedures, such as kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty, may be employed earlier in cases with severe debilitating pain, which is often not improved by first-line treatment.
Sodium Channel Modulation in the Perception and Management of Pain
Authors: Paul Dennis , Gould III Harry J.
Published: January 2021

Sodium channels play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and proper intracellular ion concentrations that are vital to all living cells for function and survival. In excitable tissues such as neurons and heart cells, sodium channels are responsible for establishing and maintaining the transmembrane electrochemical gradient, which is critical for intercellular communication and for the transduction, generation, modulation, and transmission of impulses that underlie normal physiologic function, the perception of stimuli, and the execution of appropriate behavioral responses. Injury and disease often affect changes in the channel density and subtype distribution present in cellular membranes, thereby upsetting the critical electrochemical balance necessary for normal functioning. When such changes affect the systems that process noxious stimulation and are acute and transient, they are beneficial. The pain that is perceived alerts us to current or impending injury and aids in vigilance during wound healing. But when the changes are persistent, the painful signals are no longer protective but, instead, become unrelenting and destructive to the quality of life. Because changes in sodium channel quantity and distribution play such a central role in the perception of pain and the development and maintenance of nociceptive chronicity, significant effort has been expended on discovering ways to affect sodium channel expression and function that might be effective in preventing or managing many painful conditions. The implications of modifying sodium channel expression and function for future therapeutic benefit are the subject of this review.
Key Words: Acute pain, chronic pain, sodium channels
Hematologic Cancer Pain
Authors: Blackburn John , Patel Ankit , Aounallah Nabil , Bautista Alex
Published: January 2021

Hematologic cancers represent about 10% of new cancer diagnoses annually in the United States and account for a comparable number of US cancer deaths each year. These patients experience an array of acute and chronic pain syndromes that appreciably impair their quality of life. The pathogenesis, management, and complications of multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and leukemia are reviewed to provide a better understanding of the underlying pain processes. Skeletal-related events due to bony involvement, including pain, pathologic fractures, hypercalcemia, and spinal cord compression, along with renal insufficiency, represent a significant portion of complications faced by multiple myeloma patients. Opioids continue to be the foundation of cancer analgesia in accordance with the World Health Organization three-step analgesic ladder. Many of the long-term complications in lymphoma patients are due to treatment with toxic chemotherapy regimens along with radiation. Many of the complications seen in leukemia are nonspecific and common to cancer and its treatment in general. Bone pain is common for a number of reasons in leukemia, typically manifesting as a throbbing deep and dull ache. An array of pain syndromes develop from diagnosis through cancer survival that command a multifaceted management approach.
This review contains 7 tables, 3 figures and 40 references.
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy
Authors: Majeed Hassan , Stanfa Charles , Sudak Donna
Published: January 2021

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an empirically supported psychotherapy shown to be effective and durable for the treatment of a variety of psychiatric illnesses. It is problem focused and conceptually driven. Cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, exposure, and developing good action plans for out-of-session practice are tools that benefit patients for a lifetime. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the literature that supports the use of CBT, introduce the key elements of the therapeutic approach, and illustrate them with case examples. The structure of the session and the CBT approach to the therapeutic alliance are highlighted in the text. 
This review contains 23 tables, and 59 references.
Key words: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive restructuring, collaboration, behavioral activation, exposure
Motivational Interviewing
Authors: Bulls Maurice , Naar Sylvie
Published: January 2021

Motivational interviewing (MI) has been established as an efficacious clinical approach for treating a range of emotional and behavioral concerns, both alone and in combination with other interventions. MI is a method of communication designed to increase intrinsic motivation and commitment to change. The MI method is consistent with self-determination theory that suggests that patient’s internalize motivation when he or she feels relatedness, competence, and autonomy support. MI is specified by an underlying perspective or spirit, a flow of processes, and a set of skills. MI spirit is defined by partnership, acceptance, compassion, and evocation. MI processes include engaging, focusing, evoking, planning, and maintaining. The primary MI skills are reflections, open questions, and providing information or advice in an MI style. This review presents an overview of these components with real-world examples. MI is grounded in research and highly applicable across many settings. The practitioner seeking to incorporate MI into practice will better facilitate behavior change and maximize human potential in diverse populations.
This review contains 5 figures, 6 tables, and 55 references.
Key words: behavior change adolescents, cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication adherence, mental health, motivational interviewing, obesity, self-determination theory, smoking, substance use
Excoriation
Authors: Lochner Christine , Stein Dan , Thomas Eileen
Published: January 2021

Excoriation disorder is characterized by the recurrent, compulsive picking of skin, leading to skin lesions. A growing body of evidence emphasizes its prevalence and possible disabling nature, including medical complications such as localized infections and septicemia. Neurocognitive data support the idea that individuals with this disorder have difficulty inhibiting motor behaviors. Excoriation disorder is often considered a chronic disorder, fluctuating in intensity and severity. Important differentials include the use of stimulant drugs and dermatologic conditions, such as scabies.
This review contains 1 table, and 16 references.
Key words: diagnostic and statistical manual, excoriation, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder, skin picking
Professionalism in Surgery
Authors: Shapiro Jo , McMains K. Christopher , Botros-Brey Sylvia
Published: January 2021

The medical profession continues to be challenged along the entire range of its cultural values and its traditional roles and responsibilities. This review explores the meaning of professionalism, translating the theory of professionalism into practice, and the future of surgical professionalism. A table offers the elements of the American College of Surgeons’ Code of Professional Conduct.
This review contains 1 table and 32 references
Keywords: medical ethics, virtue-based medicine, patient care, professionalism
Injuries to Great Vessels of the Abdomen
Authors: Feliciano David V. , Asensio Juan A.
Published: January 2021

In patients who have injuries to the great vessels of the abdomen, the findings on physical examination generally depend on whether a contained hematoma or active hemorrhage is present. This review covers resuscitation in profoundly hypotensive patients, damage control resuscitation, injuries in zones 1, 2, and 3, injuries in the porta hepatis or retrohepatic area, damage control laparatomy, endovascular therapies, and complications. Figures show algorithms illustrating management of intra-abdominal hematoma found at operation after penetrating trauma and blunt trauma; left medial visceral rotation performed by sharp and blunt dissection with elevation of the left colon, the left kidney, the spleen, the tail of the pancreas, and the gastric fundus; an autopsy view of the supraceliac aorta and the celiac axis, the proximal superior mesenteric artery, and the medially rotated left renal artery after removal of lymphatic and nerve tissue; injuries to the prepyloric area of the stomach and to the supraceliac abdominal aorta from a gunshot wound; a temporary intraluminal shunt inserted into the proximal superior mesenteric artery in a patient who had an adjacent injury to the neck of the pancreas after sustaining a gunshot wound; polytetrafluoroethylene patch repair of an injury to the infrarenal inferior vena cava; right perirenal hematoma and left external iliac artery and vein injury repaired with segmental resection and insertion of an 8 mm polytetrafluoroethylene graft and segmental resection and an end-to-end anastomosis, respectively. Tables list American Association for the Surgery of Trauma abdominal vascular organ injury scale, and survival rates after injuries to arteries and veins in the abdomen.
This review contains 9 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 89 references
Effective Initiation and Treatment With Basal Insulin in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on Mitigating Hypoglycemia in Patients at Increased Risk
Authors: Anderson John , Spollett Geralyn R. , Dandona Paresh , Urquhart Scott
Published: January 2021

Many people with type 2 diabetes are treated with insulin with the goal of achieving a specific A1C target. In this short video series, an expert panel moderated by John Anderson, MD, discusses approaches to optimizing basal insulin initiation and treatment in people with type 2 diabetes, including those patients most at risk (e.g., those with renal impairment and older adults), with a focus on reaching A1C goals while mitigating the risk for hypoglycemia.

The panel discusses how considerations for the management of hypoglycemia are important in these patients. When used appropriately, the risk of hypoglycemia with basal insulin analogs can be reduced while still achieving individualized glycemic goals.

The videos can be viewed in their entirety here, and an executive summary of the panel’s recommendations is available on the Clinical Diabetes website at https://doi.org/10.2337/cd20-0035.

This peer-reviewed publication was developed in adherence with Good Publication Practice (GPP3) guidelines. All authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship and have disclosed all potential conflicts of interest.
Suomalaista ruotsia keskiajalta nykypäivään
Authors: Lönnroth Harry
Published: January 2021

Arvioidut teokset:

Marika Tandefelt (toim.): Finländsk svenska från medeltid till 1860. Svenskan i Finland – i dag och i går III:1. Helsinki: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland 2019. 416 s. isbn 978-951-583-456-0.

Marika Tandefelt (toim.): Finländsk svenska från 1860 till nutid. Svenskan i Finland – i dag och i går III:2. Helsinki: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland 2019. 458 s. isbn 978-951-583-457-7.
Redirecting Australia towards Asia
Authors: Low Morris F.
Published: January 2021

No abstract
Science-Policy Interaction, Constitutive Policy Making and Risk
Authors: Hellström Tomas
Published: January 2021

No abstract
Intellectual Property Rights and Licensing
Authors: Tupasela Aaro
Published: January 2021

No abstract
(Re-)De-Commodification in Academic Knowledge Distribution?
Authors: Nentwich Michael
Published: January 2021

This paper argues that the system of formal scholarly publication is entering its third phase of evolution. This phase has not yet taken full shape, but is characterised by a strong de-commodified core with only niches for commercial publishers – in contrast to phase II which was the age of increasing commodification. The main reasons for this development are economic, functional and ideational. The current economic crisis of academic publishing is driving academia to alternative models. From a functional perspective, the advent of E-publishing makes it possible that academia will take over most of what is currently done by the commercial publishers. Finally, the last decade has seen an increasing awareness of the research community that its products should not be treated as a commodity, but should instead be freely available to the whole community.
New Natures and Old Science
Authors: Gross Matthias
Published: January 2021

Ecological restoration is a growing field in many parts of the world. Although it started as a field of practitioners in the Midwest of the USA, restoration is currently growing rapidly as an academic discipline. In this paper the development of ecological restoration is discussed by relating it to the propagated Mode 2 for the dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies, that is, the shift from traditional discipline- based research (Mode 1) to a problem-solving and transdisciplinary form of science (Mode 2). It is argued that ecological restoration as understood here at times includes the elements that have been claimed to indicate a Mode 2 form of science, but the historical extrapolation of the development of restoration discloses a social shifting of boundaries back-and-forth on an ongoing recursive loop between the two forms of science. This suggests a recursive interdependence between the two Modes, including phases of ‘re-traditionalization’ back to Mode 1, rather than a general replacement of discipline-based research.
Reconsidering the Mode 2 and the Triple Helix
Authors: Tuunainen Juha
Published: January 2021

This paper takes a critical stand towards the Mode-2 thesis and the Triple-Helix model as schemes to describe the association of university research with applied motives and commercial and industrial actors. By drawing from a case study of a plant-biotechnology research group, which transformed into a start-up company, the paper suggests that using these models as conceptual frameworks in the empirical analysis may run the risk of glossing over some vital conceptual insights. The first instance where more focused attention should be given is the analytic distinction between theoretical, methodological and applied dimensions of a local research program. By appreciating it, a central source of dynamic that formed the ground for the commercialization of the group’s research results is preserved. The second deficiency is that neither the Mode 2 nor the Triple Helix pays close enough attention to the problems and contradictions that come into the world as university research results are commercialized. In this respect, three problem areas are addressed: 1) the ownership of intellectual property rights, 2) the industrial collaboration and the difficulties of transferring the research results to the market, and 3) the failed attempt of creating a hybrid community between the research group and the spin-off company. Also these should be given a more central role in the models since they seem to be vital challenges for researchers-entrepreneurs as they move from academic to industrial focus.
Hope Against Hype - Accountability in Biopasts, Presents and Futures
Authors: Brown Nik
Published: January 2021

We are today wholly accustomed to being daily bombarded with (often competing) claims about the seemingly limitless potential and promise of transgenics, predictive medicine, reproductive science, bioinformatics and much else besides. Stories of new breakthroughs and advances mesh with ‘our’ culturally embedded sense of the steady march of enlightenment progress. Each announcement seems to index a sequential pulse in the accomplishment of the ‘biotechnology revolution’. In more grounded terms, the talking-up of biotechnology prizes open the accounts of funding agencies and investors, in addition to winning the necessary support of various critical allies (patients, publics, regulators, etc). In equal measure, hyper-expectations feed into and fuel the complex counter concerns of oppositional cultures (new social movements, NGOs, etc). And yet these accounts of revolutionary potentially sit uncomfortably alongside our equally familiar experiences of unfulfilled promises, the awkward absence of future benefits, treatments, rewards and profits. This is not always the case, but more often than not, early hopes are rarely proportionate to actual future results. This paper charts key features in the ‘dynamics of expectations’, documenting the relationships between new hopes and emerging disappointments. It explores the routes of agency in the construction of the present’s future and touches on the possibilities for greater accountability in the political economy of biotechnological expectations.
Health in Prospect - High-tech Medicine, Life Enhancement and the Economy of Hope
Authors: Helén Ilpo
Published: January 2021

In this article, high-tech medicine is approached as life enhancement technology. Today, the most advanced medical technology operates on the level of cells and molecules, thus opening unprecedented prospects not only for curing and preventing illness but also for shaping of life itself. Thus, high-tech medicine seems to offer more efficient means to remove the restrictions of physical abilities and to improve and ‘repair’ vital processes. It promises to enhance life. The essay focuses on two aspects of this development. The first issue analysed is the tendency in high-tech medicine to connect medical progress to augmentation of personal choices on health and life improvement. Further, also the economical side is discussed by focusing on the role the patients’ activism in high-tech medical business. The argument of the essay is the following: the power to raise hopes for new cures and better life in people is a crucial characteristic of today’s high-tech medicine. Consequently, it is the people living in such a hope who provides uel for both technological progress and profitseeking in today’s medicine.
Managing HuGE Expectations
Authors: Douglas Conor M.W.
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the rhetorical processes by which spokespersons and practitioners of human genome epidemiology (HuGE) try to articulate and legitimate their methods and approaches, while solidifying their future in American public health as a discipline at the intersection of epidemiological and genomic discourses. Based on works within the ‘dynamics of expectations’ this examination seeks to expand on the temporal understanding of expectations by identifying the specific rhetorical strategies used to manage emerging techno-sciences. Understanding such specific strategies is necessary for analysts working around fields of science that are highly contested and lodged in a prospective discourse, such as the climate sciences, information technologies, and other areas of biotechnology.
"What Can I Do to Help Myself?" Somatic Individuality and Contemporary Hormonal Bodies
Authors: Roberts Celia
Published: January 2021

Today health consumers and citizens are repeatedly asked to actively manage their own bodies and those of their families in order to maximize health outcomes. This contemporary demand can be theorized as a form of somatic individualisation: a subjectification process establishing new and ever-closer relations between bodies and selves. Somatic individuality, according to Novas and Rose (2000), involves citizens and health consumers in ever-increasing levels of responsibility for bodily care and consequent practices of prudence and caution about physical futures. This paper critically examines the concept of somatic individuality, asking both how these forms of “responsibilisation” are intertwined with normative gendering processes, and if there is a disjuncture between rhetorics of responsibility and patients’ experiences in medical clinics. Two case studies of contemporary hormonal bodies are analysed: discourses describing the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals; and discourses of menopausal women’s use of hormone replacement therapy.
Towards an Understanding of FLOSS
Authors: Darking Mary L. , Whitley Edgar A.
Published: January 2021

In  this  paper  we  present  empirical  work  detailing  the  engagement  practices  of  a  large  FLOSS  project,  the  Digital  Business  Ecosystem  (DBE).  In  common  with  many  other FLOSS projects, the DBE project focused on the development of infrastructural software  components.  Infrastructures  and  FLOSS  software  exhibit  multiplicity:  as  objects  they  both  change  and  stay  the  same.  Whilst  the  implications  of  multiplicity  with  respect  to  infrastructure  have  been  well-documented,  with  respect  to  FLOSS,  they   remain   under-explored. Through examining   how   the   DBE   engaged   new   participants we were able to explore the nature of the FLOSS software object by asking the implied question: engagement with what? We draw on recent analysis by Law  and  Singleton  to  show  how  the  innovative  yet  non-existent  potentiality  of  the DBE was as significant to engagement as its steadily growing codebase. We argue that acknowledging  the  materiality  and  immateriality  of  the  FLOSS  software  object  has  important consequences for management of, and engagement with, FLOSS projects.
From Core Set to Assemblage
Authors: Michael Mike , Wainwright Steven , Williams Clare , Farsides Bobbie , Cribb Alan
Published: January 2021

**From Core Set to Assemblage: On the Dynamics of Exclusion and Inclusion in the Failure to Derive Beta Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells** In this paper, we examine the controversy surrounding the Lumelsky protocol (which potentially could have transformed the procedures for differentiating embryonic stem cells into beta cells for diabetes treatment). The protocol is analyzed initially using Collins’ core set model to show how the controversy over epistemic claims was resolved (and the Lumelsky protocol deemed to be a failure). This approach is then contrasted to an analysis in terms of scientific ‘assemblages’ characterized not by the resolution of epistemic controversy, but by the ‘irresolution’ or openness of social associations amongst scientists. We suggest that scientists who jumped on the ‘Lumelsky bandwagon’ can be rehabilitated, partly because of the recognized chronic uncertainty in the stem cell fi eld. Thus, alongside the judgement, resolution and exclusion mapped by core set analysis, there is ‘understanding’, irresolution and inclusion suggested by ‘assemblage analysis’. *Key words*: core set, assemblage, stem cells
A Career-History Analysis of Gender Differences in Publication Productivity among South African Academics
Authors: Prozesky Heidi
Published: January 2021

Decades of research on gender differences in academic publication productivity has as yet provided very little, if any, empirical support for the common sense understanding that a certain measure of incompatibility exists between being a mother and a productive academic researcher. In an attempt to start unravelling the complexity of this productivity puzzle in the South African context, data collected from Curriculum Vitae (CVs) are integrated with qualitative interview data. This methodological approach provides a detailed view of publication patterns, couched within the context of an in-depth perspective on the career histories of sixteen of the country’s top-performing academics. The study identifi es important ways in which women and men approach their early academic and family lives differently, with divergent consequences for their career publication productivity.
Copying, Cutting and Pasting Social Spheres
Authors: Houdart Sophie
Published: January 2021

In architecture, projects are developed through a series of graphic productions. This space of representation can be accessed using visual effects. Among the documents (plans, sections, details, etc.) used to give shape to a building, so-called ‘perspective drawings’ play a decisive role, as they make a whole world come alive and, at the same time, act to convince a multiple audience of this world’s ability to function. Created using computer-aided design (CAD), perspective drawings aim to ‘render’ space by projecting potential uses, light, and intangible things such as atmosphere. These drawings provide architects and designers with an opportunity to redefine the nature of beings and act on the peculiarity of their relationships, and constitute an interesting support to consider the projection of new cosmologies, anticipating the cohabitation of such diverse things as human beings, buildings, roads, trees, skies, cars and their respective ways of existing. This paper is based on ethnographic fieldwork in a Japanese architect’s office and a computer designer’s studio, and focuses on the architectural setting of the Japanese World Fair, Aichi 2005.
Bodies and everyday practices in designed urban environments
Authors: Degen Monica , Rose Gillian , Basdas Begum
Published: January 2021

In recent years, the centres of many towns and cities have been reshaped by urban design projects, but little attention has been paid to how these transformations are experienced everyday by users of the city. In other words: how do the users of urban centers, such as shoppers, cleaners, or workers, perceive these changes, as embodied subjects in specific material environments? This paper analyses how bodies in two intensely designed urban spaces–the shopping centre of Milton Keynes, a 1960s new town, and Bedford’s recently redeveloped historic town centre–are affected by elements of the built environment. ’Affected’ is a term borrowed from Latour (2004),and the paper works with, and elaborates, some of his and others’ work on how bodies are effectuated by other entities. Such Latourian work pays a great deal of attention to how bodies are affected by both human and non-human entities of many kinds, and we examine how certain aspects of the built environment in these two towns affect bodies in specific ways. However, we also emphasise the variability in this process, in particular that bodies seem unaware–or ambivalently aware–of many entities’ affordances.
Heterogeneous Agendas around Public Engagement in Stem Cell Research
Authors: Parry Sarah , Faulkner Wendy , Cunningham-Burley Sarah , Marks Nicola J.
Published: January 2021

Although public engagement is now part of the business of doing science, there is considerable divergence about what the term means and what public engagement ought to be doing. This paper refl ects on these heterogeneous meanings and agendas through an analysis of focus group data from research on public engagement in stem cell research. Three broad visions of public engagement are identifi ed: as education and information provision; as dialogue; and as participation in policy making. In analysing the implications of these visions three dimensions are highlighted: weakly and strongly structured visions of public engagement; the co production of roles and relationships; and the framing of what is at stake. Each of these has the potential to include or exclude some groups in public engagement. We conclude that social scientists should seek to maintain the plasticity of public engagement as a necessary condition for greater participation and reflexivity in science policy, practice and governance.
Urban Green Assemblages
Authors: Blok Anders
Published: January 2021

In this article, I sketch an STS-theoretical approach to world-wide growing concerns with urban climate risks and sustainable urbanism more generally in terms of what I call ‘urban green assemblages’. This approach draws inspiration from recent attempts to bring actor-network theory (ANT) closer to urban studies, infusing urban political economies with STS sensibility towards the contingencies of eco-socio-technical design and transformation processes. ANT, I argue, off ers a new ontology for the city, allowing the study of those concrete and plural sites at which urban sustainability is known, practiced, scaled, negotiated and contested, in heterogeneous and dynamic assemblages of humans and non-humans. I explore the analytical potentials of this ANT urban ontology through a case study of how architects, engineers, and urban planners currently perform Nordhavn, one of Europe’s large scale sustainable city building projects, as a site of multiple matters of public-political concern with urban natures.
Internet Forums and the Rise of the Inventive Energy User
Authors: Hyysalo Sampsa , Juntunen Jouni K. , Freeman Stephanie
Published: January 2021

While climate and energy policy voice concerns about citizen’s lack of improving their houses and heating systems, some citizens by far exceed the expectations. Our research on heat pumps revealed over a hundred inventions by citizen users in Finland alone, despite the technology being in many respects uninviting to modify. Users’ capacity to carry out these modifications owes much to their exchanges at userrun Internet forums, a new and proliferating type of setting. These online forums help otherwise dispersed and heterogeneous users to create a specific kind of learning space that helps some users to “grow inventive” even as the majority of users therein remain indifferent towards their specific projects. These findings open a discussion on how the actions of typically a small group of inventive users are embedded in and supported by the activities of a broader user base.
From Energy Security to the Security of Energy Services: Shortcomings of Traditional Supply-Oriented Approaches and the Contribution of a Socio-Technical and User-Oriented Perspectives
Authors: Parag Yael
Published: January 2021

Traditional literature and policy approach to energy security focus on the security of energy supply. It is argued here that a supply-centric approach to energy security is too narrow to account for the complex nature of energy systems and tends to overlook energy users, their expectations from, interaction with and roles in future low carbon energy systems. From users’ point of view, be they households, businesses or governments, the supply of kWh or oil barrels is often meaningless. What matters is not the source of energy, but rather the services provided by it. Therefore, securing energy services seems to be the public and the government’s concern, and the security of supply is only one mean to achieving it. Stemming from science, technology and society studies, this discussion paper suggests that applying a multi-level socio-technical and user-oriented perspectives which focus on the energy services and considers also psychological, social and cultural aspects of energy consumption, could reveal new and overlooked actors, roles, means and strategies that may provide and contribute to energy services security.Keywords: energy security, energy services, socio-technical systems
Researching Collaborative Interdisciplinary Teams
Authors: Freeth Rebecca , Vilsmaier Ulli
Published: January 2021

Collaborative interdisciplinary research is on the rise but can be difficult and daunting. There is much to learn by studying the inner workings of collaboration, to the potential benefit of both science and technology studies (STS) and those who collaborate. We have been studying the inner workings of a collaborative interdisciplinary team using formative accompanying research (FAR). Assuming multiple insider-outsider vantage points implied adopting dynamic positionality in relation to the team. In this article, we outline an approach to navigating positionality based on these research experiences. Navigation is aided by identifying learning orientations to a collaborative team, to learn about, with or for the team; and by adopting practices and principles to balance i) observation and participation; ii) curiosity and care; and iii) impartiality and investment. We illustrate what we have learned so far, demonstrating how to apply these navigating instruments so that the skilful use of FAR positionality can advance the understanding and practice of collaborative interdisciplinary research.
The Corona Truth Wars
Authors: Harambam Jaron
Published: January 2021

The current corona pandemic disrupts the entire world like and threatens not only public health, but our economies, social relations, democracies, rule of law, mental well-being and more. While we may have more understanding of the Sars-Cov-2 virus than half a year ago, much of what it does and how to combat it is still uncertain, despite a dazzling amount of research on it. That may be logical when new issues arise, but the situation is complicated by the fact that this quest for truthful knowledge about the virus is entangled with various (geo)political dynamics, government policy pressures, media reporting, platform moderation and public understandings of it all. It is therefore quite unclear what information is reliable, which experts to follow and what (epistemic) authorities to trust. Science and Technology Scholars are perfectly equipped with concepts, theories and methods to help us understand these complex dynamics, and guide us through the fog of uncertainty and manipulation. Yet they seem remarkably absent in public and scientific debates. What is going on?
Nörttikulttuurin identiteettikriisi
Authors: Arjoranta Jonne , Kontturi Katja , Varis Essi , Välisalo Tanja
Published: January 2021

Nörttikulttuuri on identiteettikriisissä. Perinteisesti nörttimäisinä pidetyt käytänteet ja kulttuurituotteet ovat siirtyneet lähemmäs valtavirtaa, mikä on häivyttänyt rajaa nörttien ja muiden median ja teknologian käyttäjien välillä. Nörttikulttuurin sisälle tämä on heijastunut kiistaksi siitä, kuka saa osallistua nörttikulttuurin kuluttamiseen, tuottamiseen ja määrittelyyn, ja millä tavoin. Stereotypia nörttikulttuurista valkoisten heteromiesten maskuliinisena kenttänä ei koskaan ole pitänyt täysin paikkansa, mutta 2000-luvulla väitteen totuudellisuus on murentunut entisestään.

Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelemme nörttiyden kriisiä kolmen tapaustutkimuksen kautta ja analysoimme, mitä Gamergate-kampanja, Comicsgate-liikehdintä ja The Last Jedi -elokuvasta käyty keskustelu paljastavat nörttikulttuurin sisällä ja ympärillä mylläävistä kiistoista. Analysoimme tapauksia kontekstualisoivan lähiluvun keinoin ja keskitymme erityisesti siihen, mitä ne kertovat sukupuolen ja nörtti-identiteetin välisestä suhteesta. Osoitamme, että nörttikulttuurin valtavirtaistuminen on rikkonut illuusion sen yhtenäisyydestä.

 

Geek culture’s identity crisis: Gamergate, Comicsgate, and Star Wars as scenes of political controversy

 

Geek culture is having an identity crisis. Cultural objects that have traditionally been recognised as ‘geeky’ have shifted closer to the mainstream, which is dissolving the boundary between geeks and other users of contemporary media and technology. Inside geek culture, this is reflected in controversies over who gets to participate in consuming, creating, and defining the subculture, and how. The stereotype of geek culture as the domain of white heterosexual males has never been quite true, but in the 21st century, this false notion has become progressively harder to uphold.

In this article, we explore the crisis of geek culture through three case studies and analyse what Gamergate campaigns, Comicsgate controversy, and the discussion around The Last Jedi movie reveal about the conflicts in and around geek culture. We analyse the cases by the means of contextual close reading, focusing especially on what they reveal about the relationship between gender and geek identity. As a result, the article demonstrates how the mainstreaming of geek culture has broken the nostalgic illusion of its unity.
Techniques for Increasing Group Cohesion in the 5th Grade
Authors: Andreia Ștefănescu , Albulescu Ion , Iacob Lucica , Feldrihan Claudia
Published: January 2021

The study sets out an exploratory research that aimed at testing some techniques for increasing the cohesion of the 5th grade student group. The techniques were included in the classes of counselling and personal development through group tasks in which the whole group of students was involved. The activity took place during the first school semester of the 2019-2020 school year. Following the application of the techniques, their viability was tested through a focus group discussion with 10 form teachers involved in the research. They described how the activity was carried out and the results obtained in the cohesion of the student class. The investigation is preliminary to that extended to the level of several schools, aiming to make the built techniques more efficient, in order to be widely applied, to the students in the secondary school cycle.
The Importance of Theater Pedagogy from a Student's Perspective. An Empirical Study in a German-Speaking Elementary School in Romania
Authors: Stănescu Mirona , Andronache Daniel
Published: January 2021

Could school and theater be seen as a symbiosis? The roots of the school theater go back to the 15th century. Early on, the educators recognized the importance of drama for the development of the students. But what do the students think about the theatrical education for their own development? This paper presents the results of a qualitative research designed to explore the role of education through theater for the personal, social skills and aesthetic development of the students. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was used. In our qualitative study we examined the effects of theatre education from the perspective of the students. We interviewed 20 primary school students of the German-speaking school in Cluj-Napoca, who had theater pedagogy as optional courses for four years about their personal experience with theatre. Results demonstrate the development of personal, social and aesthetic skills. The data obtained show that students themselves recognize the significant and positive impact of the education through theatre regarding the emotional, social and aesthetic development (as components of personal development), and the relationship between them.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION OF INVENTORY COST FLOW METHOD BY THE MACEDONIAN COMPANIES: FIFO, WEIGHTED AVERAGE, AND SPECIFIC IDENTIFICATION METHOD
Authors: STEVCEVSKA SRBINOSKA Dusica , LJAMOVA Angela , HRISTOVA Snezhana
Published: January 2021

Inventory valuation is a major topic in the accounting practice. Inventory valuation is reflected in financial reporting, i.e. the balance sheet and the profit and loss account and the choice of the right inventory cost flow method is one of the basic decisions all companies engaged in manufacturing and distribution of goods need to make. Preferably, the chosen method should result in the best income and financial result measurement. However, no method is acknowledged to always be the best for accomplishing these objectives. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting the adoption of inventory cost flow method by Macedonian companies. The data was collected by using a questionnaire randomly distributed via email to Macedonian retailing and manufacturing companies and later examined through statistical methods. Analyzing a pool of 56 respondents, we find that the subject of inventory valuation is important as most of the participants consider that they understand the existing inventory valuation methods. The choice of inventory valuation method is mostly affected by the level of education of the manager, understanding of the method and simplicity of the separate inventory valuation methods.
JEL classification: M4, M1
The Situation of Catholic Instruction in Transylvania during the Communist Takeover
Authors: HOLLÓ László
Published: January 2021

In less than one year, the Catholic Church, just like the other denominations, lost its school network built along the centuries. This was the moment when the bishop wrote: “No one can resent if we shed tears over the loss of our schools and educational institutions”. Moreover, he stated that he would do everything to restore the injustice since they could not resent if we used all the legal possibilities and instruments to retrieve our schools that we were illegally dispossessed of.
Furthermore, he evaluated the situation realistically and warned the families to be more responsible. He emphasized the parents’ responsibility. First and foremost, the mother was the child’s first teacher of religion. She taught him the first prayers; he heard about God, Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and the angels from his mother for the first time. He asked for the mothers’ and the parents’ support also in mastering the teachings of the faith. Earlier, he already instructed the priests to organize extramural biblical classes for the children and youth. At this point, he asked the families to cooperate effectively, especially to lead an ardent, exemplary religious life, so that the children would grow up in a religious and moral life according to God’s will, learning from the parents’ examples.
And just as on many other occasions throughout history, the Catholic Church started building again. It did not build spectacular-looking churches and schools but rather modest catechism halls to bring communities together. These were the places where the priests of the dioceses led by the bishop’s ex-ample and assuming all the persecutions, incessantly educated the school children to the love of God and of their brethren, and the children even more zealously attended the catechism classes, ignoring their teachers’ prohibitions.
Identity, Denomination, and Nationality
Authors: KOZMA Zsolt
Published: January 2021

Identity pins down accurately who individuals are in relation to God, society, and themselves. God’s statement about Himself (His self-identity) in the Bible “I am who I am” can guide us to find our own “I am who I am”, definitely taking into account the analogia relationis rather than the analogia entis. The constant dominant of our human identity as God’s identity as well is that we stay humans despite all circumstances, but its features (“our qualities”) are variable. We are only interested in two of the many identity features: our denomination and our Hungarian ethnicity, which are “only” features, but as such they have been decisive. In the 20th century, we, as Reformed Protestants and Hungarians, got under the burden of the political and ecclesiastical consequences of the two world wars. Our faith required that the church and the Hungarians did not lose their identity features from the perspective of the communities and individuals. During the interwar period (1920–1944) and during the totalitarian regime (1945–1989), we, Transylvanian Reformed Protestants, had one single duty to fulfil: clarify our relationship vis-à-vis the political authority in such a way as to remain disciples and a disciple church without which we are not the ones who we must be. In his prayer, Jesus does not ask the Father to take all of his followers out of this world (meaning society) but rather to defend them from evil (John 17:15). How can we fulfil it? Our yes/no answer is the issue of gratitude towards God and penitence before Him.
Changes in the Idea of Progress in the Processes of Change in the Hungarian Reformed Identity during the Past Century
Authors: NAGY Károly Zsolt
Published: January 2021

Democracy and the idea of progress became one of the most important at-tributes of Hungarian Reformation in the 19ᵗʰ century, both as its self-image and society’s image of Calvinists (and, more broadly, of Protestants). These indicators are very important because, to this day, they are essential elements of Calvinist identity, but they also illustrate well the way heritage forged into identity. The part of the past reflected and “used” in community memory loosely relates to the actual legacy of the past. Different authors have defined in different ways which exact identity elements are representative of these attributes, and it also varies how long such an element retains its representative quality, if it re-tains it at all. Without being exhaustive, the study outlines the ways the specific content of these attributes changes over the 20th century: that is, in the context of changes in the relationship between church and society, in what situations and what factors these attributes are identified by individual opinion formers. The author first examines the historical context of the emergence of these topoi and then looks at some cases of their use, with particular emphasis on the period of communist dictatorship.