bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic Designing Microgels Containing Highly Concentrated Gold Nanoparticles for SERS Analysis of Complex Fluids
Authors: Kim Yeong Hwa , Kim Dong Jae , Lee Sangmin , Kim Dong‐Ho , Park Sung‐Gyu , Kim Shin‐Hyun
Published: November 2019

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is one of the most promising methods to detect small molecules for point‐of‐care analysis as it is rapid, nondestructive, label‐free, and applicable for aqueous samples. Here, microgels containing highly concentrated yet evenly dispersed gold nanoparticles are designed to provide SERS substrates that simultaneously achieve contamination‐free metal surfaces and high signal enhancement and reproducibility. With capillary microfluidic devices, water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) double‐emulsion drops are prepared to contain gold nanoparticles and hydrogel precursors in innermost drop. Under hypertonic condition, water is selectively pumped out from the innermost drops. Therefore, gold nanoparticles are gently concentrated without forming aggregates, which are then captured by hydrogel matrix. The resulting microgels have a concentration of gold nanoparticles ≈30 times higher and show Raman intensity two orders of magnitude higher than those with no enrichment. In addition, even distribution of gold nanoparticles results in uniform Raman intensity, providing high signal reproducibility. Moreover, as the matrix of the microgel serves as a molecular filter, large adhesive proteins are rejected, which enables the direct detection of small molecules dissolved in the protein solution. It is believed that this advanced SERS platform is useful for in situ detection of toxic molecules in complex mixtures such as biological fluids, foods, and cosmetics.
Ion Migration: A “Double‐Edged Sword” for Halide‐Perovskite‐Based Electronic Devices
Authors: Zhang Teng , Hu Chen , Yang Shihe
Published: November 2019

Ion migration has been regarded as one of the most interesting and mysterious processes in halide‐perovskite‐based electronic devices. On the one hand, ion migration contributes to the hysteresis and poor stability problems of perovskite devices. On the other hand, the mobile ions can passivate the interfaces of perovskite devices, leading to improved carrier transportation and collection. This article gives a critical review on the ion migration in halide perovskite materials. It starts with a brief introduction of the origin and nature of the ion migration problem in perovskite materials. Next, the electric, photoelectric, and structural phenomena resulting from ion migration and their influence on the performance and stability of the perovskite devices are focused on. The recent literature work on the characterization of ion migration is reviewed and the characterization techniques are highlighted. Furthermore, different approaches that can suppress the ion migration process are also introduced. Finally, ion migration in the emerging all‐inorganic halide perovskite materials is compared with that in hybrid halide perovskite materials, and the implications on device design and performance are discussed.
An intrinsic, label-free signal for identifying stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte subtype
Authors: Chang Che-Wei , Kao Hillary K. J. , Yechikov Sergey , Lieu Deborah K. , Chan James W.
Published: November 2019

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes have many promising applications, including the regeneration of injured heart muscles, cardiovascular disease modeling, and drug cardiotoxicity screening. Current differentiation protocols yield a heterogeneous cell population that includes pluripotent stem cells and different cardiac subtypes (pacemaking and contractile cells). The ability to purify these cells and obtain well-defined, controlled cell compositions is important for many downstream applications; however, there is currently no established and reliable method to identify hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and their subtypes. Here, we demonstrate that second harmonic generation (SHG) signals generated directly from the myosin rod bundles can be a label-free, intrinsic optical marker for identifying hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. A direct correlation between SHG signal intensity and cardiac subtype is observed, with pacemaker-like cells typically exhibiting ~70% less signal strength than atrial- and ventricular-like cardiomyocytes. These findings suggest that pacemaker-like cells can be separated from the heterogeneous population by choosing an SHG intensity threshold criteria. This work lays the foundation for developing an SHG-based high-throughput flow sorter for purifying hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and their subtypes.
Effects of thyroid hormone on mitochondria and metabolism of human preimplantation embryos
Authors: Noli Laila , Khorsandi Shirin E. , Pyle Angela , Giritharan Gnanaratnam , Fogarty Norah , Capalbo Antonio , Devito Liani , Jovanovic Vladimir M. , Khurana Preeti , Rosa Hannah , Kolundzic Nikola , Cvoro Aleksandra , Niakan Kathy K. , Malik Afshan , Foulk Russell , Heaton Nigel , Ardawi Mohammad Saleh , Chinnery Patrick F. , Ogilvie Caroline , Khalaf Yacoub , Ilic Dusko
Published: November 2019

Thyroid hormones are regarded as the major controllers of metabolic rate and oxygen consumption in mammals. Although it has been demonstrated that thyroid hormone supplementation improves bovine embryo development in vitro, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects are so far unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of thyroid hormone in development of human preimplantation embryos. Embryos were cultured in the presence or absence of 10−7 M triiodothyronine (T3) till blastocyst stage. Inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) were separated mechanically and subjected to RNAseq or quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number. Analyses were performed using DESeq (v1.16.0 on R v3.1.3), MeV4.9 and MitoMiner 4.0v2018 JUN platforms. We found that the exposure of human preimplantation embryos to T3 had a profound impact on nuclear gene transcription only in the cells of ICM (1178 regulated genes—10.5% of 11 196 expressed genes) and almost no effect on cells of TE (38 regulated genes—0.3% of expressed genes). The analyses suggest that T3 induces in ICM a shift in ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation activity, as the upregulated genes are contributing to the composition and organization of the respiratory chain and associated cofactors involved in mitoribosome assembly and stability. Furthermore, a number of genes affecting the citric acid cycle energy production have reduced expression. Our findings might explain why thyroid disorders in women have been associated with reduced fertility and adverse pregnancy outcome. Our data also raise a possibility that supplementation of culture media with T3 may improve outcomes for women undergoing in vitro fertilization.
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase proteins inhibit teratoma growth in mice transplanted with pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Choi Kyung-Ah , Park Han-Kyul , Hwang Insik , Jeong Hyesun , Park Hang-Soo , Jang Ahyoung , Namkung Yong , Hyun Donghun , Lee Seulbee , Yoo Byung Min , Kwon Han-Jin , Seol Ki-Cheon , Kim Jeong-Ok , Hong Sunghoi
Published: November 2019

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can serve as an unlimited cell source for transplantation therapies for treating various devastating diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease. However, PSC transplantation has some associated risks, including teratoma formation from the remaining undifferentiated PSCs. Thus, for successful clinical application, it is essential to ablate the proliferative PSCs before or after transplantation. In this study, neural stem cell-derived conditioned medium (NSC-CM) inhibited the proliferation of PSCs and PSC-derived neural precursor (NP) cells without influencing the potential of PSC-NP cells to differentiate into neurons in vitro and prevented teratoma growth in vivo. Moreover, we found that the NSC-CM remarkably decreased the expression levels of Oct4 and cyclin D1 that Oct4 directly binds to and increased the cleaved-caspase 3-positive cell death through the DNA damage response in PSCs and PSC-NPs. Interestingly, we found that NSCs distinctly secreted the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 proteins. These proteins suppressed not only the proliferation of PSCs in cell culture but also teratoma growth in mice transplanted with PSCs through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the TIMP proteins may improve the efficacy and safety of the PSC-based transplantation therapy.
Fast SVM training using data reconstruction for classification of very large datasets
Authors: Liang Peifeng , Li Weite , Hu Jinglu
Published: November 2019

This paper proposes a fast support vector machine (SVM) training method for the classification of very large datasets using data reconstruction. The idea is to scale down the training data by removing the samples that have low probability to become support vectors (SVs) in the feature space. For this purpose, it applies a series of gradually refined rough SVM classifiers with a quasi‐linear kernel to build rough separation boundaries and remove those samples that are far away from the boundary. In order to make the proposed algorithm efficient for both low‐dimensional and high‐dimensional datasets, efforts are made on three aspects. The first one is to compose a quasi‐linear kernel using the information of data manifold and potential separation boundary such that the samples mapped to feature space keep a sparse distribution, especially in the direction perpendicular to the separation boundary. The second one is to avoid computing Euclidean distances between samples, which may lose its effect on very high dimensional datasets when mapping the samples to feature space and selecting the samples for training data reconstruction. The third one is to design a sophisticated iterative algorithm to gradually refine the rough SVM classifier so as to remove non‐SVs efficiently. The proposed fast SVM training method is applied to different real‐world large datasets and compared with different methods, and simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, especially for very high dimensional datasets. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Understanding Disability in Theory, Justice, and Planning
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago
Published: November 2019

The experience of people with disabilities living in different countries varies significantly from place to place. Why do some countries excel in ensuring rights for people with disabilities, while others struggle? The answers are linked not only to laws, governance, and accountability but also to salience and the participation of people with disabilities in the issues that most affect them. Successful outcomes for disability-related policies have been inspired by the influential work of authors including Peter Evans, Amartya Sen, Sophie Mitra, and Kay Nagata. This chapter first explores dominant paradigms in social justice and development in planning theory and examines the conceptual pitfalls and failures to address disability-related justice. It then expands on theories proposed by Evans, Sen, Mitra, and Nagata to elaborate on the urban-focused Capability Model of Disability (CMD). The integrative CMD framework effectively addresses a range of nuanced challenges found when cities work to implement inclusive urban policies and programs. The concept of salience is also explored as a novel, more inclusive, and culturally relative development-based framework.
The Evolving Transformations of Disability in Dubai Between 1980 and 2012
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago
Published: November 2019

To examine the transformation of disability policy in the city of Dubai is to examine how the daily lives of people with disabilities are affected by these policies. This chapter explores in detail the evolution of disability policy in Dubai between 1980 and 2012 in two parts. The first explores the concept of urban transformation by highlighting the role that key legal, political, social, and cultural events played in shaping the evolution of disability services leading up to my first visit to Dubai in 2007. The second offers discussion of empirical findings from extensive fieldwork I conducted between 2007 and 2012. Findings were derived from numerous interviews, surveys, and focus groups aimed at answering the following questions: What steps have planners and policymakers taken to make Dubai more inclusive of people with disabilities, what impact has this had, and what broader lessons can be drawn from the experience?
Immune capacity determines outcome following surgery or trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jia Ruiyi , Zhou Moran , Tuttle Camilla S. L. , Maier Andrea B.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Immunological functions are altered following physical injury. The magnitude of the immunological response is dependent on the initial injury. However, variability in the immune response exists within and between patients where only some patients are at risk of developing complications such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome after injury. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cytokine production capacity of leucocytes can be used as a functional test to predict the risk of developing complications after injury.

Methods

Medline, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify articles that investigated the association between LPS induced cytokine production capacity in leucocytes and any clinical outcome after surgery or trauma. Where sufficient information was supplied, a meta-analysis was performed to determine the overall clinical outcomes.

Results

A total of 25 articles out of 6765 abstracts identified through the literature search were included in this review. Most articles described a positive association between cytokine production capacity and the development of inflammatory complications (n = 15/25). Coincidingly, the meta-analysis demonstrated that TNFα (Hedgesg: 0.63, 95% CI 0.23, 1.03), IL-6 (Hedgesg: 0.76, 95% CI 0.41, 1.11) and IL-8 (Hedgesg: 0.93, 95% CI 0.46, 1.39) production capacity was significantly higher, one day after injury, in patients who developed inflammatory complications compared to patients who did not following trauma or surgical intervention. No significant difference was observed for IL-1β.

Conclusion

The associations of elevated LPS-induced cytokine production capacity with the risk of developing inflammatory complications are consistent with previous theories that proposed excessive inflammation is accompanied by anti-inflammatory mechanisms that results in a period of immunosuppression and increased risk of secondary complications. However, immunological biomarkers for risk stratification is still a developing field of research where further investigations and validations are required.
Volume fusion of CT images to measure femoral symmetricity
Authors: Bakhshayesh Peyman , Sandberg Olof , Kumar Vishal , Ali Adam , Enocson Anders
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Pre-operative planning is widely used in orthopaedic surgery. In case of trauma with fracture or previous injury with malunion, the contralateral extremity is used as a surrogate for planning with an assumption of symmetry between sides. The aim of this study was to investigate femoral symmetricity in human adults.

Methods

Ten randomly selected lower extremity computerized tomography (CT) images were analyzed for femur symmetry using 3D Trauma and CT motion analysis (CTMA). Mirrored images of the left femur were created using the right as a template. The 3D images from each side were merged, and translational and rotational differences reported.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between mirrored images of the left and right femurs. Differences in rotation and translation of bony segmentation showed a greater variation in internal and external rotation of the distal femur (CI − 0.7° to 4.9°) compared to varus/valgus (CI − 1.3° to 0.8°) or flexion/extension (CI − 0.5° to 0.6°), though none of these differences were significant.

Conclusion

The left and right femurs of healthy adults are symmetrical. Pre-operative templating relying on the contralateral healthy femur is encouraged.
Frequency domain boundary value problem analyses of acoustic metamaterials described by an emergent generalized continuum
Authors: Sridhar A. , Kouznetsova V. G. , Geers M. G. D.
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a computational frequency-domain boundary value analysis of acoustic metamaterials and phononic crystals based on a general homogenization framework, which features a novel definition of the macro-scale fields based on the Floquet-Bloch average in combination with a family of characteristic projection functions leading to a generalized macro-scale continuum. Restricting to 1D elastodynamics and the frequency-domain response for the sake of compactness, the boundary value problem on the generalized macro-scale continuum is elaborated. Several challenges are identified, in particular the non-uniqueness in selection of the boundary conditions for the homogenized continuum and the presence of spurious short wave solutions. To this end, procedures for the determination of the homogenized boundary conditions and mitigation of the spurious solutions are proposed. The methodology is validated against the direct numerical simulation on an example periodic 2-phase composite structure.
The origins of prescribed burning in Scandinavian forestry: the seminal role of Joel Wretlind in the management of fire-dependent forests
Authors: Cogos Sarah , Roturier Samuel , Östlund Lars
Published: November 2019

In Sweden, prescribed burning was trialed as early as the 1890s for forest regeneration purposes. However, the origins of prescribed burning in Sweden are commonly attributed to Joel Efraim Wretlind, forest manager in the State Forest district of Malå, Västerbotten County, from 1920 to 1952. To more fully understand the role he played in the development of prescribed burning and the extent of his burning, we examined historical records from the State Forest Company’s archive and Wretlind’s personal archive. The data showed that at least 11,208 ha was burned through prescribed burning between 1921 and 1970, representing 18.7% of the Malå state-owned forest area. Wretlind thus created a new forestry-driven fire regime, reaching, during peak years, extents close to historical fire regimes before the fire suppression era, and much higher than present-day burning. His use of prescribed fire to regenerate forests served as a guide for many other forest managers, spreading to all of northern Sweden during the 1950–1960s. Our analysis of Wretlind’s latest accounts also shows how he stood against the evolutions of modern forestry to defend a forestry system based on the reproduction of natural processes, such as fire.
Finger Growth and Selection in a Poisson Field
Authors: McDonald N. R.
Published: November 2019

Solutions are found for the growth of infinitesimally thin, two-dimensional fingers governed by Poisson’s equation in a long strip. The analytical results determine the asymptotic paths selected by the fingers which compare well with the recent numerical results of Cohen and Rothman (J Stat Phys 167:703–712, 2017) for the case of two and three fingers. The generalisation of the method to an arbitrary number of fingers is presented and further results for four finger evolution given. The relation to the analogous problem of finger growth in a Laplacian field is also discussed.
From Stroke to Dementia: a Comprehensive Review Exposing Tight Interactions Between Stroke and Amyloid-β Formation
Authors: Goulay Romain , Mena Romo Luis , Hol Elly M. , Dijkhuizen Rick M.
Published: November 2019

Stroke and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are cerebral pathologies with high socioeconomic impact that can occur together and mutually interact. Vascular factors predisposing to cerebrovascular disease have also been specifically associated with development of AD, and acute stroke is known to increase the risk to develop dementia.

Despite the apparent association, it remains unknown how acute cerebrovascular disease and development of AD are precisely linked and act on each other. It has been suggested that this interaction is strongly related to vascular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ), i.e., cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Furthermore, the blood–brain barrier (BBB), perivascular space, and the glymphatic system, the latter proposedly responsible for the drainage of solutes from the brain parenchyma, may represent key pathophysiological pathways linking stroke, Aβ deposition, and dementia.

In this review, we propose a hypothetic connection between CAA, stroke, perivascular space integrity, and dementia. Based on relevant pre-clinical research and a few clinical case reports, we speculate that impaired perivascular space integrity, inflammation, hypoxia, and BBB breakdown after stroke can lead to accelerated deposition of Aβ within brain parenchyma and cerebral vessel walls or exacerbation of CAA. The deposition of Aβ in the parenchyma would then be the initiating event leading to synaptic dysfunction, inducing cognitive decline and dementia. Maintaining the clearance of Aβ after stroke could offer a new therapeutic approach to prevent post-stroke cognitive impairment and development into dementia.
Fermented soybean meal extract improves oxidative stress factors in the lung of inflammation/infection animal model
Authors: Miri Saba , Hajihosseini Reza , Saedi Hamed , Vaseghi Maryam , Rasooli Azadeh
Published: November 2019

Context

Fermented soybean products have been used in various ways, and more research is being conducted on them to reveal their benefit.

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative activity of fermented soybean meal extract by Lactobacillus plantarum in vitro and in vivo tests.

Materials and methods

A Lactobacillus plantarum strain RM10 was selected through plate and fermentation experiment, which increased the degree of protein hydrolysis (1.015 μg/mL) and antioxidant activity in soybean meal fermented by selected bacteria (FSBM). In vivo study was done on septic rats as an inflammation/infection model, and then the trial groups were treated with different concentrations of fermented soybean meal extracts (FSBM, 5, 10, and 20%).

Results

DPPH radical-scavenging and ferrozine ion-chelating activity enhanced (P < 0.05) after fermentation of soybean meal compared to control group. Reduced (P < 0.05) expression of inflammatory genes and enzymes was detected in the lungs of rats treated with fermented soybean meal extract.

Discussion and conclusions

These results demonstrated that a diet containing fermented soybean meal extract improved extreme inflammatory response in an infectious disease like sepsis by reducing inflammatory factors.
“The Nature of the Firm”—and the Eternal Life of the Brand
Authors: LOPES TERESA DA SILVA
Published: November 2019

Explanations of why firms exist and evolve and how intellectual property—including trademarks—contributes to their growth, survival, and impact on globalization and deglobalization have been widely studied in business history and in other fields. Drawing on the study of firms with multinational activity, this article argues that ownership of strong brands can have multiple impacts on the nature of the firm, on the dynamics of industries, on processes of globalization and deglobalization, and on shifts of power and wealth. In the process of doing so, this paper also argues that business history has great potential to have an impact beyond the field, serving as a “hub” for dialogue between disciplines. To achieve that, business historians need to remain truthful to their core competences, which include conducting well-grounded archival-based research, taking into account the uniqueness of the firm and the complexity of the environment, and conducting research that is comparative and international. This article is based my presidential address presented at the Business History Conference on March 16, 2019, in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.
The latent characteristics that structure autocratic rule
Authors: Wright Joseph
Published: November 2019

Research on autocratic regimes in comparative politics and international relations often uses categorical typologies of autocratic regimes to distinguish among different forms of autocracy. This paper introduces historical data on dozens of features of dictatorships to estimate latent dimensions of autocratic rule. We identify three time-varying dimensions of autocracy that correspond to ideal types proposed in the literature: party dominance, military rule, and personalism. We show that dimensions of autocratic rule are orthogonal to commonly-used measures of democracy–autocracy, and compare these dimensions to existing typologies of autocracies, showing that time-varying information on personalism is unique. We discuss a measurement model of personalism and illustrate the time-varying features of this measure in applied research on conflict initiation and regime collapse.
The Consequences of Some Angry Re-Tweets: Another Medium is the Message
Authors: Martin Geoffrey
Published: November 2019

Most research on the Gulf states focuses on oil and its impact on state power. The literature on rentier theory almost unanimously agrees that oil rents buy off citizens and lead to socio-political stagnation. Massive protests and government attempts to address citizen demands in Kuwait between 2011 and 2013 call into question that narrative. Since those protests, the Kuwaiti government has taken steps to increase its representation of public officials and accessibility in the public sphere, including by expanding the government's presence on Instagram. How have Kuwaiti citizens voiced their opinions to government accounts? And how has the government responded to online criticism?

This essay looks at the pattern of interactions between the state and Kuwaiti citizens on Twitter and Instagram using a content analysis of government accounts. The findings raise questions about the validity of the payoff thesis and understandings of consent and acquiescence. My analysis illustrates that there is a public dialogue that moves beyond the rigid structure of state and society by which the literature has traditionally understood Gulf rentier societies.
Communitification and emotional capital: Producing, shaping and re-shaping communities before and after mining in Norbotten and Disko Bay
Authors: Jørgensen Anne Mette
Published: November 2019

Mining activities in the Arctic often have a strong impact on people living here and the sustainability of their communities. The article takes as its point of departure two widely different cases relating to Arctic communities: the former mining city of Qullissat in the Greenlandic Disko Bay area and the rural village of Sakajärvi, which is threatened by expansions of the Aitik copper mine in the Norbotten County, Sweden. The cases differ in terms of time span, the number of people affected and the intensity of the affective economies, but they go through comparable processes of giving rise to emotional communities as a result of the termination or expansion of mining activities. Based on field observations and social and web-based media, the author argues that various actors with diverging purposes here compete to install their respective temporalities and narratives in the processes ofcommunitification, i.e., by articulating borders or performing as community. In both cases, the communities employ narrative strategies ofuchronotopia: aiming towards better futures by narratively breaking with the past. The agency of these communities depends to a high extent on the intensity of their affective economies, a symbolic capital that may hold considerable potential for creating desirable futures.
The impact of psychiatric and medical comorbidity on the risk of mortality: a population-based analysis
Authors: Davies Simon J. C. , Iwajomo Tomisin , de Oliveira Claire , Versloot Judith , Reid Robert J. , Kurdyak Paul
Published: November 2019

Background

As life expectancy increases, more people have chronic psychiatric and medical health disorders. Comorbidity may increase the risk of premature mortality, an important challenge for health service delivery.

Methods

Population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada of all 11 246 910 residents aged ⩾16 and <105 on 1 April 2012 and alive on 31 March 2014. Secondary analyses included subjects having common medical disorders in 10 separate cohorts. Exposures were psychiatric morbidity categories identified using aggregated diagnosis groups (ADGs) from Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups software® (v10.0); ADG 25: Persistent/Recurrent unstable conditions; e.g. acute schizophrenic episode, major depressive disorder (recurrent episode), ADG 24: Persistent/Recurrent stable conditions; e.g. depressive disorder, paranoid personality disorder, ADG 23: Time-limited/minor conditions; e.g. adjustment reaction with brief depressive reaction. The outcome was all-cause mortality (April 2014–March 2016).

Results

Over 2 years' follow-up, there were 188 014 deaths (1.7%). ADG 25 conferred an almost threefold excess mortality after adjustment compared to having no psychiatric morbidity [adjusted hazard ratio 2.94 (95% CI 2.91–2.98, p < 0.0001)]. Adjusted hazard ratios for ADG 24 and ADG 23 were 1.12 (95% CI 1.11–1.14, p < 0.0001) and 1.31 (95% CI 1.26–1.36, p < 0.0001). In all 10 medical disorder cohorts, ADG 25 carried significantly greater mortality risk compared to no psychiatric comorbidity.

Conclusions

Psychiatric disorders, particularly those graded persistent/recurrent and unstable, were associated with excess mortality in the whole population, and in the medical disorder cohorts examined. Future research should examine whether service design accounting for psychiatric disorder comorbidity improves outcomes across the spectrum of medical disorders.
Expressives and the multimodal depiction of social types in Mundari
Authors: Choksi Nishaant
Published: November 2019

Present in many of the world's languages, expressives (also called ideophones or mimetics) are commonly discussed as iconic ‘depictions’ of speaker's sensual experiences. Yet anthropologists and linguists working with these constructions have noticed that they also index ‘social types’ that perdure across interactional events. This article analyzes the semiotic relation between depiction and social stereotypes embedded in expressive use by examining video data from interviews with speakers of Mundari, an expressive-rich Austro-Asiatic language spoken in eastern India. Presenting interview data taken from both lab-based elicitations as well as ethnographic interviews in Mundari-speaking villages, the article claims that speakers deploy multimodal resources such as gesture and gaze in concert with expressives in order to re-intepret social indexes as felt, embodied experiences (rheme) while also juxtaposing these experiences with elements in the immediately perceptible material world (dicent). The article also addresses issues of ethics, agency, and materiality entailed by multimodal expressive depiction. (Ideophones, multimodality, materiality, embodiment, semiotics)*
A sensorimotor alternative to coding is possible
Authors: Cisek Paul
Published: November 2019

If we abandon the coding metaphor in favor of models of the full behavioral loop, we need a way to dissect that loop into understandable pieces. I suggest that evolutionary data provide a solution. We can subdivide behavior into parallel sensorimotor subsystems by following the phylogenetic history of how those systems differentiated and specialized during our evolution, leading to promising ways of re-interpreting neural activity within the context of its pragmatic role in mediating interaction.
The relationship between knowledge mapping and the open innovation process: the case of education system
Authors: Menaouer Brahami , Nada Matta
Published: November 2019

In an increasingly competitive economic environment, innovation has become an invaluable asset to the organization and for effective knowledge management (KM). Nowadays, organizations are knowledge based and their success and survival depend on creativity, diversity, and innovation. A knowledge map is a vital tool for better KM and innovation. To this effect, the innovation processes on KMin education system through knowledge transfer activities will facilitate the shift from teaching as knowledge transmission to teaching as learning facilitation. In this context, we present a new approach based on, the one hand, the critical knowledge mapping being based on an extraction work of the expert knowledge and on the other hand, the description of the conceptual framework design which allows one to exploit and integrate knowledge capitalized and external knowledge by the open innovation process. In addition, this practice makes it possible to examine how KM, in particular, the knowledge mapping, can be used to establish the flow of the internal and external information in order to increase the efficiency of creativity and invention.
Around Arendt’s table: Bureaucracy and the non-permanent members of the UN Security Council
Authors: Roele Isobel
Published: November 2019

Non-permanent members’ strategies to augment their influence in the United Nations Security Council usually seek parity of status with the permanent members. A more radical and transformative strategy would seek to change the Council itself. Working methods reform holds more potential in this respect than composition reform. At present, however, working methods reform is oriented to increasing non-permanent members’ status and focuses on redistributing administrative roles like sub-committee chairing and penholding. The price non-permanent members pay for their offices, however, is bureaucratic drudgery, which both keeps them from pursuing their own political priorities, and socializes them into the permanent members’ rhythms of work. Using Hannah Arendt’s concepts of work, labour, and natality, this contribution analyses strategies for influence in the Security Council, and offers a negative reading of Arendt’s ideas to suggest that non-permanent members should present a more obstructive counterforce in the Council, by cultivating their difference.
Post-pandemic influenza A/H1N1pdm09 is associated with more severe outcomes than A/H3N2 and other respiratory viruses in adult hospitalisations
Authors: Minney-Smith C. A. , Selvey L. A. , Levy A. , Smith D. W.
Published: November 2019

This study compares the frequency and severity of influenza A/H1N1pdm09 (A/H1), influenza A/H3N2 (A/H3) and other respiratory virus infections in hospitalised patients. Data from 17 332 adult hospitalised patients admitted to Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, with a respiratory illness between 2012 and 2015 were linked with data containing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results for respiratory viruses including A/H1, A/H3, influenza B, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza. Of these, 1753 (10.1%) had test results. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to compare the viruses for clinical outcomes including ICU admission, ventilation, pneumonia, length of stay and death. Patients with A/H1 were more likely to experience severe outcomes such as ICU admission (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.5, P = 0.016), pneumonia (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.6–5.7, P < 0.001) and lower risk of discharge from hospital (indicating longer lengths of hospitalisation; HR 0.64 95% CI 0.47–0.88, P = 0.005), than patients with A/H3. Patients with a non-influenza respiratory virus were less likely to experience severe clinical outcomes than patients with A/H1, however, had similar likelihood when compared to patients with A/H3. Patients hospitalised with A/H1 had higher odds of severe outcomes than patients with A/H3 or other respiratory viruses. Knowledge of circulating influenza strains is important for healthcare preparedness.
Attitudes and exposure as predictors of -t/d deletion among local and expatriate children in Singapore
Authors: Starr Rebecca Lurie
Published: November 2019

Although orientation towards local norms is increasing in Singapore, Singapore English (SgE) is still perceived by some as a nonnative variety. Variation in attitudes towards SgE may shape acquisition of SgE features by both Singaporean and expatriate children, who increasingly attend government schools. The present study investigates how the -t/d deletion patterns of 60 children reflect their attitudes and school setting. Significant correlations are observed between deletion rate, attitude towards SgE, and accent self-perception among Singaporean children, highlighting that this variety is undergoing endonormative stabilization. However, while some expatriates in local schools delete more than peers in international schools, expatriate children generally do not acquire local -t/d deletion rates or constraints, regardless of familiarity with SgE or attitudes towards the variety. This gap between locals and expatriates reflects the persistence of ideologies that delegitimize SgE, as well as the growing prominence of SgE as a marker of local identity.
Herbicidal properties of the commercial formulation of methyl cinnamate, a natural compound in the invasive silver wattle (Acacia dealbata)
Authors: Lorenzo Paula , Reboredo-Durán Jonatan , Muñoz Luís , Freitas Helena , González Luís
Published: November 2019

Plants that release molecules affecting other plants are a source of potential bioherbicides. Silver wattle (Acacia dealbata Link), considered invasive worldwide, was found to be phytotoxic to various other plant species. Combining the search for alternative bioherbicides while reducing the spread of this invader by preventing seed formation is a good potential strategy to solve both agricultural and environmental problems. This study aimed to identify nonvolatile compounds from A. dealbata flowers and explore their phytotoxicity on the germination process and seedling and plant growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin). We identified methyl cinnamate and methyl anisate as potential phytotoxins in the extracts, but we used pure commercial molecules to conduct bioassays. Methyl cinnamate showed higher phytotoxicity than methyl anisate and was selected for further bioassays. Methyl cinnamate reduced guaiacol peroxidase activity by 57% and 85% in L. rigidum and lettuce, respectively, and α-amylase by 6% in L. rigidum. This compound also inhibited early stem and radicle growth of dicotyledonous lettuce (60% and 89%, respectively) and monocotyledonous L. rigidum (76% and 87%, respectively), both species having small seeds. However, wheat with a larger seed size was not affected by the phytotoxin. The results obtained indicate a potential bioherbicidal effect for methyl cinnamate, and its application might be useful in wheat crops infested by L. rigidum. We suggest that collecting A. dealbata flowers would prevent Acacia seed formation and thus play a role in invasive pest management, as well as serving as a source of potential herbicides to other species.
Quantifying the Similarity of Paleomagnetic Poles
Authors: Heslop D. , Roberts A. P.
Published: November 2019

An ability to compare paleomagnetic poles quantitatively is fundamental to paleogeographic reconstruction. The Fisher distribution provides a statistical framework for both constructing and relating paleomagnetic poles to enable comparison of estimated pole positions in paleomagnetic reconstructions. However, Fisher distribution‐based confidence regions for paleomagnetic poles are often compared using empirical rules of thumb rather than by quantitative analysis of their full structure. Here we demonstrate potential shortcomings of such comparisons and propose continuous metrics for quantitative comparison of paleomagnetic poles. These metrics are simple to apply for Fisher distributions and can be modified readily for a broad range of alternative distributions that may be more appropriate for representing some paleomagnetic data sets. We demonstrate how our proposed metrics provide both quantitative and probabilistic approaches to common tasks in paleomagnetic reconstruction, such as comparing estimated mean pole positions with apparent polar wander paths.
The Hydroecology of an Ephemeral Wetland in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Authors: Wlostowski Adam N. , Schulte Nicholas O. , Adams Byron J. , Ball Becky A. , Esposito Rhea M.M. , Gooseff Michael N. , Lyons W.Berry. , Nielsen Uffe N. , Virginia Ross A. , Wall Diana H. , Welch Kathy A. , McKnight Diane M.
Published: November 2019

The McMurdo Dry Valleys is a polar desert on the coast of East Antarctica where ephemeral wetlands become hydrologically active during warm and sunny summers when subsurface flows are generated from melting snowfields. To understand the structure and function of polar wetland ecosystems, we investigated the hydroecology of one such wetland, the Wormherder Creek wetland, during the warm and sunny summer of 2008 – 2009, when the wetland was hydrologically reactivated. Conservative tracer (LiCl) was injected for a 2‐hr period into a stream above the wetland to determine flow path orientations and hydrologic residence times. Tracer results indicated that surface water is rapidly exchanged with wetland groundwater and wetland residence times may exceed two austral summers. Major ion concentrations were uniform in samples from surface water and shallow groundwater throughout the wetland. Microbial mats in the wetland had high autotrophic index values (the ratios of chlorophyll a [Chl‐a]/ash‐free dry mass), ranging from 9 to 38 μg Chl‐a/mg ash‐free dry mass, indicative of actively photosynthesizing mat communities. The diatom communities in the mats were relatively uniform compared to those in mats from regularly flowing McMurdo Dry Valleys streams, with four endemic and one widespread diatom taxa of the genus Luticola accounting for an average of 86% of the community. These results indicate that the hydrologic characteristics of the wetland contribute to uniform geochemical conditions. In turn, uniform geochemical conditions may explain the high autotrophic index values of the microbial mats and relatively low spatial variation of the diatom community.
Coupling Water Column and Sediment Biogeochemical Dynamics: Modeling Internal Phosphorus Loading, Climate Change Responses, and Mitigation Measures in Lake Vansjø, Norway
Authors: Markelov Igor , Couture Raoul‐Marie , Fischer Rachele , Haande Sigrid , Van Cappellen Philippe
Published: November 2019

We expanded the existing one‐dimensional MyLake model by incorporating a vertically resolved sediment diagenesis module and developing a reaction network that seamlessly couples the water column and sediment biogeochemistry. The application of the MyLake‐Sediment model to boreal Lake Vansjø illustrates the model's ability to reproduce daily water quality variables and predict sediment‐water column exchange fluxes over a long historical period. In prognostic scenarios, we assessed the importance of sediment processes and the effects of various climatic and anthropogenic drivers on the lake's biogeochemistry and phytoplankton dynamics. First, MyLake‐Sediment was used to simulate the potential impacts of increasing air temperature on algal growth and water quality. Second, the key role of ice cover in controlling water column mixing and biogeochemical cycles was analyzed in a series of scenarios that included a fully ice‐free end‐member. Third, in another end‐member scenario P loading from the watershed to the lake was abruptly halted. The model results suggest that remobilization of legacy P stored in the bottom sediments could sustain the lake's primary productivity on a time scale of several centuries. Finally, while the majority of management practices to reduce excessive algal growth in lakes focus on reducing external P loads, other efforts rely on the addition of reactive materials that sequester P in the sediment. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of ferric iron additions in decreasing the dissolved phosphate efflux from the sediment and, consequently, limit phytoplankton growth in Lake Vansjø.
Effects of Nearly Frontal and Highly Inclined Interplanetary Shocks on High‐Latitude Field‐Aligned Currents (FACs)
Authors: Shi Yining , Oliveira Denny M. , Knipp Delores J. , Zesta Eftyhia , Matsuo Tomoko , Anderson Brian
Published: November 2019

We present high‐latitude field‐aligned current (FAC) response to nearly frontal shocks (NFSs) and highly inclined shocks (HISs) through a superposed epoch analysis. The FACs are derived from magnetic perturbation data provided by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment program. Forty‐nine events for each group are used for the superposed epoch analysis. The 25%, 50%, and 75% quantiles of the FAC and total current distributions are studied. We found that NFSs are statistically stronger shocks in terms of solar wind parameters such as solar wind speed and interplanetary magnetic field.For the 50% quantiles, both groups of shocks produce rapid increases in total currents after shock arrival, but NFSs result in sharper increase in FACs and more intense FACs compared to HISs. At the 50% and 75% quantiles, NFSs trigger stronger auroral‐zone current disturbance for the first hour after shock arrival than do HISs. Spatially, the difference in FAC response is most notable in (1) the dayside noon region, (2) the duskside Region 2 current system, and (3) the dawnside prenoon Region 1 current system. Our results are consistent with previous numerical simulations that showed more symmetric and stronger compression of the magnetosphere for high‐speed and nearly frontal shocks. We observationally confirm the role of shock impact angle in controlling the subsequent shock geoeffectiveness for fast shocks. We assert that determining the shock impact angle via an upstream solar wind model could provide useful insight in forecasting the geoeffectiveness of a shock prior to its arrival at the magnetopause.