bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do neurologists agree in diagnosing drug resistance in adults with focal epilepsy?
Authors: Zaccara Gaetano , Mula Marco , Ferrò Bruno , Consoli Domenico , Elia Maurizio , Giallonardo Anna Teresa , Iudice Alfonso , La Neve Angela , Meletti Stefano , Tinuper Paolo , Zummo Leila , Perucca Emilio
Published: December 2018

Objective

To evaluate interrater agreement in categorizing treatment outcomes and drug responsiveness status according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) definition of drug‐resistant epilepsy.

Methods

A total of 1053 adults with focal epilepsy considered by the investigators to meet ILAE criteria for drug resistance were enrolled consecutively at 43 centers and followed up prospectively for 18‐34 months. Treatment outcomes for all antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used up to enrollment (retrospective assessment), and on an AED newly introduced at enrollment, were categorized by individual investigators and by 2 rotating members of a 16‐member expert panel (EP) that reviewed the patient records independently. Interrater agreement was tested by Cohen’s kappa (k) statistics and rated according to Landis and Koch’s criteria.

Results

Agreement between EP members in categorizing outcomes on the newly introduced AED was almost perfect (90.1%, k = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80‐0.87), whereas agreement between the EP and individual investigators was moderate (70.4%, k = 0.57, 95% CI 0.53‐0.61). Similarly, categorization of outcomes on previously used AEDs was almost perfect between EP members (91.7%, k = 0.83, 95% CI 0.81‐0.84) and moderate between the EP and investigators (68.2%, k = 0.50, 95% CI 0.48‐0.52). Disagreement was related predominantly to outcomes considered to be treatment failures by the investigators but categorized as undetermined by the EP. Overall, 19% of patients classified as having drug‐resistant epilepsy by the investigators were considered by the EP to have “undefined responsiveness.”

Significance

Interrater agreement in categorizing treatment outcomes according to ILAE criteria ranges from moderate to almost perfect. Nearly 1 in 5 patients considered by enrolling neurologists to be “drug‐resistant” were classified by the EP as having “undefined responsiveness.”
Environmental associations of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) catch in the California Current system
Authors: Runcie Rosa M. , Muhling Barbara , Hazen Elliott L. , Bograd Steven J. , Garfield Toby , DiNardo Gerard
Published: December 2018

We investigate the impact of oceanographic variability on Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis: PBF) distributions in the California Current system using remotely sensed environmental data, and fishery‐dependent data from multiple fisheries in a habitat‐modeling framework. We examined the effects of local oceanic conditions (sea surface temperature, surface chlorophyll, sea surface height, eddy kinetic energy), as well as large‐scale oceanographic phenomena, such as El Niño, on PBF availability to commercial and recreational fishing fleets. Results from generalized additive models showed that warmer temperatures of around 17–21°C with low surface chlorophyll concentrations (<0.5 mg/m3) increased probability of occurrence of PBF in the Commercial Passenger Fishing Vessel and purse seine fisheries. These associations were particularly evident during a recent marine heatwave (the “Blob”). In contrast, PBF were most likely to be encountered on drift gillnet gear in somewhat cooler waters (13–18°C), with moderate chlorophyll concentrations (0.5–1.0 mg/m3). This discrepancy was likely a result of differing spatiotemporal distribution of fishing effort among fleets, as well as the different vertical depths fished by each gear, demonstrating the importance of understanding selectivity when building correlative habitat models. In the future, monitoring and understanding environmentally driven changes in the availability of PBF to commercial and recreational fisheries can contribute to the implementation of ecosystem approaches to fishery management.
In‐hospital mortality of pelvic ring fractures in older adults now and then: A pelvic registry study
Authors: Rollmann Mika F , Herath Steven C , Braun Benedikt J , Holstein Joerg H , Pohlemann Tim , Menger Michael D , Histing Tina
Published: December 2018

Aim

With the predicted demographic change, the treatment of geriatric patients will become a major issue for health systems worldwide. The majority of pelvic ring fractures occur in older adults, and their treatment might be associated with a distinct mortality. Herein, we analyzed the data of 5665 patients with pelvic ring fractures aged ≥60 years included in the German Pelvic Trauma Registry from 1991 to 2013.

Methods

The data were collected prospectively, multicentrically in hospitals participating in the German Pelvic Trauma Registry. Demographic data were retrospectively analyzed, stratified for age, sex, type of injury, mode of therapy, injury severity score (ISS) and mortality.

Results

The overall mortality decreased over the 22‐year study period from 9.3% to 3.8% (P < 0.05), whereas the median ISS significantly increased. During the observation period, mortality was higher in patients with type B and, particularly, type C fractures when compared with patients with type A fractures. Mortality rates of patients aged >80 years did not significantly differ from those aged >60 or >70 years. Male patients showed a significantly higher mortality compared with female patients, as well as a significantly higher median ISS. The mortality rate of patients with surgically‐treated type C fractures decreased over the study period from 35.7% to 6.9% (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Over the past two decades, the mortality of older patients after pelvic ring fractures has significantly decreased. The higher overall mortality rate of male patients might mainly be accounted for by the relatively higher fraction of type C fractures and a higher ISS. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 24–29.
Bureaucratic politics and the translation of movement agendas
Authors: Gilad Sharon , Alon‐Barkat Saar , Weiss Chagai M.
Published: December 2018

Research on social movement outcomes focuses on the publicly visible stages of government policymaking. It rarely opens the black box of government's translation of movement demands beyond the agenda‐setting stage and before their materialization into legislative bills. Using a bureaucratic politics perspective, we suggest that bureaucrats play a central role in translating movement agendas into concrete problems and policy solutions, which they tend to link with their bureaus' missions and existing programs. We further suggest that relative consensus among bureaucrats when coupled with politicians' disinclination to intervene in the translation process tends to advantage conservative interpretations of movement agendas. Conversely, interbureau confrontation and political intervention are associated with more radical policy responses. Empirically, we examine the responses of the Israeli government to the large‐scale mobilization, in 2011, surrounding the rising costs of housing and living. We build on archival research and interviews with senior bureaucrats located in 11 central‐government ministries.
Torsional fatigue resistance of R‐Pilot and WaveOne Gold Glider NiTi glide path reciprocating systems
Authors: Santos C. B. , Simões‐Carvalho M. , Perez R. , Vieira V. T. L. , Antunes H. S. , Cavalcante D. F. , De‐Deus G. , Silva E. J. N. L.
Published: December 2018

Aim

To evaluate the torsional properties of the NiTi glide path reciprocating instruments R‐Pilot (VDW, Munich, Germany) and WaveOne Gold Glider (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland).

Methodology

Ten R‐Pilot (size 12.5, .04 taper) and 10 WaveOne Gold Glider (size 15, .02v taper) instruments were used. The torque and angle of rotation at failure of new instruments (n = 10) were measured according to ISO 3630‐1. Three millimetres of each instrument tip was clamped to a small load cell by a lever arm linked to the torsion axis. The fracture surface of all fragments was examined with a scanning electron microscope. Data were analysed using the Student t‐test at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results

The maximum torsional strength of the R‐Pilot instruments was greater than the WaveOne Gold Glider (P < 0.05). In contrast, WaveOne Gold Glider instruments had significantly higher angular rotation to fracture than R‐Pilot instruments (P < 0.05). The scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surfaces revealed similar and typical features of torsional failure (ductile type) for both brands. The torsional failure displayed two zones: the first with microvoids in the centre of the instruments (core) and the second one represented by plastic deformation around the microvoids; this configuration occurred because of the shear stresses originated during the twisting.

Conclusions

R‐Pilot instruments had a lower angle of rotation to fracture but a higher torque to failure than WaveOne Gold Glider instruments.
Structural, morphological, and optical properties of W‐doped VO2 thin films prepared by sol‐gel spin coating method
Authors: Fallah Vostakola Mohsen , Mirkazemi Seyed Mohammad , Eftekhari Yekta Bijan
Published: December 2018

Thermochromic VO2 thin films were deposited on soda‐lime glass via sol‐gel method. Doping was done through adding tungstic acid solution to the vanadium solution precursor. Grazing incidence x‐ray diffractometer (GIXRD) results showed that VO2 and V6O13 phases were formed together in the heat‐treated sample. According to the GIXRD result of the W‐doped sample, only VO2 remained. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrographs showed that the VO2 grain size decreased from about 70 to about 25 nm for undoped film and 2 wt% W‐doped films, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed that the root mean square roughness for the film with 180 nm thickness was about 18 nm, and 2 wt% W‐doped film had a smoother surface. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) results showed that the band gap energy for undoped, 1 wt% W‐ doped, and 2 wt% W‐doped VO2 thin films was 1.7, 1.3, and 0 eV, respectively. Four‐point probe resistivity measurements showed a significant decrement, from approximately 1 MΩ at 15°C to <100 Ω at 80°C. Regarding Vis‐NIR spectroscopy results, maximum optical transmission for undoped and W‐doped films was approximately 75% and 35%, respectively.
Correlation of exfoliation performance with interlayer cations of montmorillonite in the preparation of two‐dimensional nanosheets
Authors: Bai Haoyu , Zhao Yunliang , Zhang Xian , Wang Wei , Zhang Tingting , Liu Chang , Yi Hao , Song Shaoxian
Published: December 2018

Montmorillonite (MMT) can be exfoliated into nanosheets used in a wide range of applications as two‐dimensional (2D) material. The exfoliated MMT nanosheets with high diameter–thickness ratio appear to show superior properties in preparation of nanocomposites and other functional materials. In this work, the correlation of exfoliation performance with interlayer cations of MMT in the preparation of 2D nanosheets was investigated. The thickness and lateral diameter of MMT nanosheets were quantitatively measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. AFM results showed the exfoliated K‐MMT had larger lateral diameter and thinner thickness than the exfoliated Ca‐MMT under the same exfoliation conditions. Molecular simulation was applied to investigate the interlayer‐binding energy (IBE), population analysis and density of states. K‐MMT structures tend to have higher in‐plane chemical bond intensity than Ca‐MMT because of the impact of antibonding. The IBE of K‐MMT was higher than that of Ca‐MMT after the sorption of water molecules into the neighboring monolayers, indicating that thinner naonosheets tend to be easier obtained from Ca‐MMT than K‐MMT in liquid exfoliation. These findings might be helpful for the preparation and application of 2D MMTNS through controlling interlayer cation species and the exfoliation properties of MMT.
Relationships among occupational stress, toileting behaviors, and overactive bladder in nurses: A multiple mediator model
Authors: Xu Dongjuan , Zhu Shanshan , Li Hui , Gao Jie , Mou Huanyu , Wang Kefang
Published: December 2018

Aims

To investigate: (a) the prevalence of overactive bladder among male and female operating room nurses; (b) the unhealthy toileting behaviours that nurses adopt to void their bladders; and (c) the mediating roles that different toileting behaviours play in the relationship between occupational stress and overactive bladder.

Design

A cross‐sectional design was used.

Methods

This study was conducted from July ‐ September 2016 in Jinan, China. Four hundred eligible operating room nurses in five hospitals were recruited. Data were collected through survey questionnaires including the nurse job stress scale, the toileting behaviours scale and the overactive bladder symptom score questionnaire. Multivariate linear or logistic regression models, as appropriate, were used to test the mediation effect of each toileting behaviour on the relationship between occupational stress and overactive bladder.

Results

Overactive bladder was highly prevalent in both male and female nurses working in operating rooms. Approximately one of three nurses reported experiencing an overactive bladder. The most common unhealthy toileting behaviour was delayed voiding. Unhealthy toileting behaviours mediated the relationship between occupational stress and overactive bladder. With high levels of occupational stress, nurses tended to adopt unhealthy toileting behaviours to empty their bladders. The more the nurses engaged in unhealthy toileting behaviours (e.g. delayed voiding and straining to void), the greater the likelihood of having overactive bladders.

Conclusions

This study highlights the mediating role of toileting behaviours on occupational stress and overactive bladder. To accommodate occupational stress, nurses engaged in unhealthy toileting behaviours that were detrimental to their bladder health.
“It opened up a whole new world for me”: Experiences of military commanders in employing individuals with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Werner Shirli , Hochman Yael
Published: December 2018

Background

Research on supported employment for individuals with intellectual disabilities has focused mainly on its effect on employees. Scant research has assessed the influence on employers and on the work setting. This study focused on a unique program to foster the employment of individuals with intellectual disabilities in the Israeli military and examined the effect of the program on the employers (military commanders) and on the military units.

Method

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 28 military commanders.

Results

Four themes illustrate the influence of people with intellectual disabilities on the military units in which they work: (a) functioning of the military unit, (b) effect on other soldiers, (c) effect on commanders, and (d) effect on attitudes toward people with intellectual disabilities.

Conclusions

Results suggest that employing soldiers with intellectual disabilities has beneficial effects on both commanders and the military units, although some negative attitudes remain and merit interventions.
Beer microfiltration with static turbulence promoter: Sum of ranking differences comparison
Authors: Varga Áron , Gáspár Igor , Juhász Réka , Ladányi Márta , Hegyes‐Vecseri Beáta , Kókai Zoltán , Márki Edit
Published: December 2018

The challenges of beer microfiltration are fouling and to get decent quality. These problems can be partially eliminated with the use of Static Turbulence Promoter (STP). In this study, STP (pitch diameter ratio of 2, 13.2 mm pitch length, 6.5 mm diameter, 241 mm length, and 1.2 mm thickness), Pall Membralox T1‐70 membrane, and lager beer were used for the filtrations. Experiments were performed with combinations of different parameters, such as usage of STP (No/Yes), Transmembrane Pressure (TMP) (0.4–1.2 bar), and Retentate Flow Rate (Q) (50–200 L hr−1). Experiments were ranked with Sum of Ranking Differences based on the analytical properties, hydrodynamic and separation characteristics parameters. The best conditions were the following: STP = Yes, TMP = 0.4 bar, Q = 50 L hr−1; STP = No, TMP = 0.4 bar, Q = 200 L hr−1; STP = Yes, TMP = 1.2 bar, Q = 200 L hr−1.

Practical applications

Clarification of rough beer is important because of eliminating yeast and colloidal particles responsible for haze and ensuring the microbiological stability of beer. Our research has several practical applications as mentioned below. First clarification of rough beer by crossflow microfiltration is more sustainable technology than conventional clarification with Kieselguhr, because of lower carbon footprint, lower solid waste stream, less beer loss, and less health and safety concerns. In addition, the shelf life of the microfiltered beer is longer, because there is no iron pickup. Furthermore, according to the results better beer quality can be achieved with the application of novel Static Turbulence Promoter (STP) compared to the conventional (without STP) membrane filtration. It is important because product quality is partly responsible for consumer satisfaction. Finally, it has been proven that usage of STP can improve filtration throughput that means lower production cost.
Effects of heat‐treated liquid whole egg on cake batter rheology and the quality of baked cake
Authors: Uysal Reyhan Selin , Sumnu Gulum , Boyaci Ismail Hakki
Published: December 2018

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of heat‐treated liquid whole egg (LWE) on cake batter rheology (shear rate‐viscosity and shear rate–shear stress) and quality characteristics (moisture loss, color, porosity, texture, and specific volume) of baked cakes. LWE was pasteurized at different levels which were 60–68 °C for 2 and 5 min. Cake batter and baked cakes were prepared using both untreated and treated LWE, and rheological properties and quality characteristics were measured, respectively. Flow behavior index (n) and consistency index (K) of the control batter group were found significantly different from the treated LWE cake batters. Heat treatment of LWE showed an unfavorable effect on porosity (decrease from 59% to 49%), hardness (increase from 1.1 to 1.4 N), and specific volume (decrease from 3.6 to 3.4 cm3/g) of the baked cakes because of having less volume and a stiffer structure of heat‐treated LWE batter.

Practical applications

Egg is the most essential ingredient in cake production due to its functional properties in the formation of foam. Therefore, egg quality is highly critical to achieve desired cake quality. Recently, usage of liquid egg instead of shell egg has been increased because of its ease of use and microbial quality. However, use of liquid egg may degrade the physical quality of cake due to pasteurization process during liquid egg production. Heat treatment may cause a destructive effect on foaming properties of egg proteins resulted in less fluffy cake. Poor quality product leads to customer dissatisfaction and reduction in consumer demand. Therefore, it is important to reveal negative effects of heat‐treated liquid egg on the quality of baked cake. In this study, the effects of heat‐treated liquid whole egg on rheological properties of cake batter and quality characteristics of sponge cake was demonstrated.
Immunogenicity is not the driving force of treatment failure in vedolizumab‐treated inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Van den Berghe Nathalie , Verstockt Bram , Tops Sophie , Ferrante Marc , Vermeire Séverine , Gils Ann
Published: December 2018

Background and Aim

The pivotal GEMINI trials reported low immunogenicity of vedolizumab. However, anti‐vedolizumab antibodies (AVA) are frequently underestimated because most assays are not drug‐tolerant and unable to detect antidrug antibodies while there is drug in the circulation. This study aimed to explore which antidrug antibody assay is best suited to detect AVA and investigated immunogenicity of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients discontinuing vedolizumab therapy.

Methods

A drug‐tolerant affinity capture elution (ACE) assay was developed for the measurement of AVA in the presence of vedolizumab and compared with the previously established drug‐resistant and drug‐sensitive assays. Vedolizumab and AVA were measured at week 6, at the last infusion, and 12–20 weeks after treatment discontinuation in a cohort of 40 vedolizumab‐treated IBD patients who stopped treatment due to primary non‐response, loss of response, or adverse events.

Results

The drug‐tolerant ACE assay could detect AVA in samples that the drug‐resistant and drug‐sensitive assays were unable to. Using the drug‐tolerant ACE assay, 3 (8%) out of 40 vedolizumab‐treated IBD patients who discontinued therapy were AVA positive at week 6, whereas no AVA were detected at the last infusion nor after treatment discontinuation. Primary non‐responders had numerically lower median vedolizumab concentrations at week 6 compared with patients with loss of response (20.3 vs 30.7 μg/mL, respectively, P = 0.0570).

Conclusions

Immunogenicity of vedolizumab is not the driving force of treatment failure, and AVA do not increase upon treatment discontinuation in vedolizumab‐treated IBD patients. Underexposure during induction might partially be responsible for primary non‐response.
Factors associated with depression and anxiety in children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Whitney D. G. , Shapiro D. N. , Peterson M. D. , Warschausky S. A.
Published: December 2018

Background

Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are at increased risk for depression and anxiety disorders; however, there is a paucity of research that pertains to associative factors for these mental health disorders in this population. The objective of this investigation was to determine factors associated with depression and anxiety problems in children with ID.

Methods

Children 6–17 years with ID (n = 423; 63% male) from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health were included in this cross‐sectional study. Outcome measures included depression and anxiety problems. Predictor variables included sociodemographics, ID severity, co‐morbid conditions (autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder), physical factors (i.e. physical activity, sleep duration and pain) and social factors (e.g. participation in activities and bully victimisation). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the association between all factors and depression and/or anxiety problems among children with ID.

Results

The prevalence of depression and/or anxiety problems was 35.4%. After adjusting for sociodemographics, Hispanic race was associated with lower odds [odds ratio (OR), 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1–0.8] of depression and/or anxiety problems. After adjusting for race, co‐morbid conditions, and physical and social factors, autism spectrum disorders (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.1–10.1), Down syndrome (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1–0.8), attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 2.5–14.3), pain (OR, 7.0; 95% CI, 2.9–17.1) and bully victimisation (OR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0–5.3) were each associated with depression and/or anxiety problems.

Conclusions

The present study identified both treatable and modifiable, as well as unmodifiable, factors associated with depression and/or anxiety problems in children with ID.
Association between sleep and fatigue in nurses who are engaged in 16 h night shifts in Japan: Assessment using actigraphy
Authors: Kagamiyama Hiromi , Sumi Naomi , Yoshida Yuko , Sugimura Naotaka , Nemoto Fumie , Yano Rika
Published: December 2018

Aim

To determine the association between sleep and fatigue in nurses who are working in a two‐shift system, including 16 h night shifts.

Methods

Sixty‐one nurses were assessed on their sleeping and napping over 9 days, using actigraphy and a sleep diary. Work‐related feelings of fatigue were measured by using the “Jikaku‐sho shirabe” questionnaire and the Cumulative Fatigue Symptoms Index.

Results

The main night‐time sleep started after 00:00 hours in half of the participants and the average start and end times were significantly delayed among the participants in their 20s, compared to those in their 40s . Although ~90% of the participants napped during and/or after a night shift, only 50.8% napped for >2 h during their shift and 32.8% napped in the morning after a night shift. In the high‐fatigue group, significantly more nurses went to sleep after 00:25 hours than before 00:26 hours the night after a night shift. Furthermore, those nurses who napped for >2 h during their night shift exhibited a significantly lower rate of some cumulative fatigue symptoms, compared to those who did not. In addition, a combination of napping in the morning after a night shift and beginning the following night‐time sleep before 00:26 hours were associated with a significant decrease in fatigue symptoms.

Conclusions

Naps at an appropriate time and of an appropriate duration, along with the practice of beginning the night‐time sleep early after a night shift, might relieve cumulative mental fatigue in nurses who are working 16 h night shifts.
Preservation of high‐P rocks coupled to rock composition and the absence of metamorphic fluids
Authors: Skelton Alasdair , Peillod Alexandre , Glodny Johannes , Klonowska Iwona , Månbro Carolina , Lodin Karin , Ring Uwe
Published: December 2018

Eclogites, blueschists and greenschists are found in close proximity to one another along a 1‐km coastal section where the Cyclades Blueschist Unit (CBU) is exposed on SE Syros, Greece. Here, we show that the eclogites and blueschists experienced the same metamorphic history: prograde lawsonite blueschist facies metamorphism at 1.2–1.9 GPa and 410–530°C followed, at 43–38 Ma, by peak blueschist/eclogite facies metamorphism at 1.5–2.1 GPa and 520–580°C. We explain co‐existence of eclogites and blueschists by compositional variation probably reflecting original compositional layering. It is also shown that the greenschists record retrogression at 0.34 ± 0.21 GPa and T = 456 ± 68°C. This was spatially associated with a shear zone on a scales of 10–100‐m and veins on a scale of 1–10‐cm. Greenschist facies metamorphism ended at (or shortly after) 27 Ma. We thus infer a period of metamorphic quiescence after eclogite/blueschist facies metamorphism and before greenschist facies retrogression which lasted up to 11–16 million years. We suggest that this reflects an absence of metamorphic fluid flow at that time and conclude that greenschist facies retrogression only occurred when and where metamorphic fluids were present. From a tectonic perspective, our findings are consistent with studies showing that the CBU is (a) a high‐P nappe stack consisting of belts in which high‐P metamorphism and exhumation occurred at different times and (b) affected by greenschist facies metamorphism during the Oligocene, prior to the onset of regional tectonic extension.
Effectiveness of nursing interventions among patients with cancer: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Tuominen Leena , Stolt Minna , Meretoja Riitta , Leino‐Kilpi Helena
Published: December 2018

Aims and objectives

To explore nursing interventions used among patients with cancer and summarise the results of their effectiveness. The ultimate goal was to improve the quality of care and provide best evidence for clinicians to refer to while developing effective nursing interventions.

Background

Nursing interventions refer to actions that nurses take with the aim of improving the well‐being of people with cancer‐related health and care needs. A plethora of systematic reviews has been conducted in this research area, although with scattered results. We conducted a comprehensive review to identify and summarise the existing evidence.

Methods

This overview of systematic reviews adheres to the PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched. Nine reviews reporting findings from 112 original studies published 2007–2017 met the selection criteria. The results of intervention effectiveness were analysed using descriptive quantification and a narrative summary of the quantitative data.

Results

The effectiveness of educational nursing interventions was inconsistent on quality of life (QoL), attitudes, anxiety and distress, but positive on level of knowledge, symptom severity, sleep and uncertainty. Psychosocial nursing interventions had a significant effect on spiritual well‐being, meaning of life, fatigue and sleep. Psychological nursing interventions reduced cancer‐related fatigue. Nursing interventions supporting patients’ coping had a significant impact on anxiety, distress, fatigue, sleep, dyspnoea and functional ability. Activity‐based interventions may prevent cancer‐related fatigue.

Conclusions

Nursing interventions achieved significant physical and psychological effects on the lives of patients with cancer. Multidimensional nature of interventions by combining different elements reinforces the effect. Priorities for future research include identifying the most beneficial components of these interventions.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Implementation of these nursing interventions into clinical practice is important to improve patients’ knowledge and QoL as well as reducing various symptoms and side effects related to cancer and its treatment.
Prevalence and treatment strategies regarding temporomandibular disorders in children and adolescents—A systematic review
Authors: Christidis Nikolaos , Lindström Ndanshau Elisande , Sandberg Amanda , Tsilingaridis Georgios
Published: December 2018

Aims

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children/adolescents are very common. Yet, there is a lack of consensus regarding which clinical interventions are appropriate. The aim of this systematic review was to gather and assess the quality of the available literature on the prevalence and evidence‐based treatment strategies in children and adolescents suffering from TMD.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted including articles from 1992 to 2016. A total of 2293 articles were found. Eight were included, six regarding prevalence and two regarding treatment. Simple or multiple conjunctions of different search words: “temporomandibular disorder”, “temporomandibular joint disorder”, “prevalence”, “children” “adolescents”, “occlusal appliance”, “jaw exercise” and “relaxation” were used on the databases PubMed and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were (a) scientific articles or randomised controlled clinical trials evaluating prevalence, choice of therapy and treatment outcome for children and/or adolescents with TMD published in Swedish or English and (b) a TMD diagnosis according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD or Diagnostic Criteria for TMD.

Results

Prevalence (ages 10‐19 years) varied between 7.3 and 30.4%, and the most common diagnoses were myofascial pain and anterior disc displacement with reduction. Only two articles were found regarding treatment in adolescents (ages 12‐18 years). The stabilising occlusal appliance had superior treatment outcome compared to relaxation therapy or brief information.

Conclusion

The general absence of standardised studies concerning children/adolescents with TMD pain states the evident need for further systematic prevalence and treatment evaluations. Considering this, it is not possible to achieve any evidence‐based treatment strategies or guidelines for children and adolescents with TMD.
Psychosocial consequences of gastrointestinal symptoms and dietary changes in people receiving automated peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Duncanson Emily , Chur‐Hansen Anna , Jesudason Shilpanjali
Published: December 2018

Background

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are associated with poor psychosocial wellbeing among people receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). The mind‐gut axis represents one possible explanatory mechanism for this relationship. Despite existing evidence, the individual's experience of GI symptoms and their potential psychosocial consequences have not been explored.

Objective

To understand the experiences of people receiving peritoneal dialysis regarding their gastrointestinal health and psychosocial wellbeing.

Method

Ten people undergoing automated PD (five females, five males) aged 31–77 years (Mean = 59.3, SD = 15.67) participated in a single one‐on‐one qualitative interview. Interviews ceased at thematic saturation. Transcripts were analysed using the framework approach.

Results

A central theme of Autonomy emerged from the data representing participants’ experiences of the psychosocial consequences of dialysis, GI symptoms, and dietary changes. This overarched two main themes: 1) Loss of Autonomy [Sub‐themes: Interference to Daily Life (Dialysis process and sleep, Impacts on relationships), Powerlessness, Frustration, Food Aversion, and Restriction (Friendships and social life, Impacts on partner)] and 2) Attempts to Gain Autonomy (Sub‐themes: Coping Well, Pragmatism, and Maintaining Normality). A related sub‐theme of Partner as a Carer emerged as part of Loss of Autonomy.

Conclusion

GI symptoms and diet and fluid restrictions have psychosocial consequences resulting in multiple losses of autonomy for people receiving PD, who employ strategies to attempt to regain autonomy in the face of these issues. Dietary and GI symptom management advice should aim to enhance patient autonomy within the confines of PD therapy and thus reduce its psychosocial impacts.
Effects of melatonin on the synthesis of estradiol and gene expression in pig granulosa cells
Authors: Liu Ying , Yang Yalan , Li Wentong , Ao Hong , Zhang Yanmin , Zhou Rong , Li Kui
Published: December 2018

The interaction of granulosa cells (GCs) with oocytes is important to regulate follicle development. The exogenous melatonin promoting the maturation of oocytes by GCs has been approved in pig, however, the transcriptome profile and the functions of the genes regulated by melatonin in GCs have not yet to be fully characterized. In this study, we found melatonin could stimulate the synthesis of estradiol in pig GCs. The RNA‐seq was used to explore the effects of melatonin on gene expression, a total of 89 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene ontology analysis showed DEGs which associated with regulation of cell proliferation, cell cycle, and anti‐apoptosis were significantly enriched. The functions of two DEGs, NOTCH2 and FILIP1L, were studied in pig GCs. The results showed that NOTCH2 inhibited the synthesis of estradiol, but FILIP1L promoted the synthesis of estradiol. Furthermore, inhibiting NOTCH2 in granulosa cells cocultured with cumulus‐oocyte‐complexes had no obvious effect on the maturation of pig oocyte, but could upregulate the cleavage rate of oocyte. We proved that FILIP1L had no effect on the maturation and cleavage of pig oocytes. Our work deepens the understanding of melatonin's effects on GCs and oocyte. The DEGs we found will be beneficial to reveal mechanisms of melatonin acting on GCs and oocytes and design the pharmacological interventions.
Silage quality as influenced by concentration and type of tannins present in the material ensiled: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Jayanegara Anuraga , Sujarnoko Tekad U. P. , Ridla Muhammad , Kondo Makoto , Kreuzer Michael
Published: December 2018

Protein degradation during ensiling is a major problem. Tannins are known to prevent or decelerate protein degradation in the rumen and may be able to do so in silages as well. Therefore, the present evaluation aimed to analyse the influence of tannins on silage quality. This was done by integrating from all suitable experiments found in literature on the topic in a meta‐analysis approach. A total of 122 datasets originating from 28 experiments obtained from 16 published articles and one own unpublished experiment were included in the database. Tannins in the silages originated either from the plants ensiled or from supplementations of tanniferous plants or tannins extracted from such plants. Tannin concentrations ranged from 0 to 57.8 g/kg dry matter, and the ensiling period varied from 30 to 130 days. The analysis was based on the linear mixed model methodology in which the different studies were considered as random effects and tannin‐related properties (either concentration or type of tannins) were treated as fixed effects. Results revealed that greater concentrations of tannins were associated with a decrease of butyrate concentration in the silages (p < 0.05). An increasing tannin concentration was also accompanied with smaller proportions of soluble N, free amino acid N, non‐protein nitrogen and NH3‐N in total silage N (p < 0.05). The relationships between hydrolysable and condensed tannins and the decline in butyrate and NH3‐N concentrations in the silages were of different magnitude (p < 0.05). A higher tannin concentration was associated with a decline in in vitro dry matter digestibility. It was concluded that tannins apparently have the ability to limit extensive proteolysis which may occur during ensiling and thus may improve the fermentative quality of silages. A desired side effect seems to be given by the tannins' apparent property to limit the activity of the butyrate‐producing microbes.
Optimizing stocking density and microalgae ration improves the growth potential of tropical black‐lip oyster, Saccostrea echinata, larvae
Authors: Nowland Samantha J. , O'Connor Wayne A. , Southgate Paul C.
Published: December 2018

The combined effects of stocking density and microalgae ration on survival and size of Saccostrea echinata larvae were studied in two‐factor experiments for the major developmental stages: D‐veliger (1‐day posthatch [dph], Experiment 1), umbonate (12 dph, Experiment 2), and eyed (19 dph, Experiment 3) larvae. Larvae were stocked into replicate sets of four 10‐L aquaria with ambient 1‐μm filtered sea water (28 ± 1.5°C and 36 ppt) and cultured for four days at densities of 0.5, 2, 5, 7, or 10 larvae/mL and provided with microalgae rations at each of five densities (cells larvae−1 day−1); 0, 1, 3, 5, or 8 × 103 (D‐veliger larvae, Experiment 1); 0, 5, 12, 18, or 25 × 103 (umbonate larvae, Experiment 2); and 0, 15, 30, 40, or 60 × 103 (eyed larvae, Experiment 3). Microalgae rations for each larval life stage were selected on the basis of increasing food requirement with larval size and comprised a 2:1:1 mixture of Chaetoceros calcitrans, Tisochrysis lutea, and Pavlova spp., calculated on an equal dry‐weight basis. Contour plots were generated from larval survival and larval size (dorso‐ventral measurement [DVM]) data to determine optimal culture conditions. Larvae showed high survival (54–100%) over a wide range of both treatment parameters across all life stages, confirming broad tolerance limits for this species. The interaction effects of larval stocking density and microalgae ration on larval size were significant (p < 0.001) across all life stages. Results indicate that maximum larval size (DVM) is achieved when S. echinata are cultured at: 6–8 larvae/mL and fed 5–6 × 103 cells larvae−1 day−1 for D‐veligers (mean DVM >80 μm), at 2–8 larvae/mL and fed 11–25 × 103 cells larvae−1 day−1 for umbonate larvae (mean DVM > 190 μm), and at 1–4 larvae/mL and fed 15–40 × 103 cells larvae−1 day−1 for eyed larvae (mean DVM >230 μm). Results will help refine current hatchery methods for S. echinata supporting further development toward commercial aquaculture production of this species.
Triploid induction by hyperosmotic shock in the Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis
Authors: Ma Peizhen , Wang Zhaoping , Yu Ruihai
Published: December 2018

The triploid technology is a new frontier in shellfish aquaculture and has shown encouraging results in numerous shellfish species. We induced triploid larvae in the Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, using hyperosmotic shock for the first time in this study. Different induction parameters, including salinity strength, treatment starting point, and the duration, were tested. The highest triploid ratio of D‐shaped larvae (72.12%) was obtained by 60 ppt salinity treatment for 20 min at the first appearance of zygote showing polar body II (PB2). A significantly faster growth rate was observed during the swimming larvae stage despite a decrease in the hatching and survival ratios. The triploid ratio decreased to 46.67%, and approximately 1.76 million triploid juveniles were harvested after 90 days of cultivation. The treatment parameters can be further optimized to improve the yield of Yesso scallop triploids.
Sex, Drugs, Alcohol and Subjective Well‐Being: Selection or Causation?
Authors: Nikolaou Dimitrios
Published: December 2018

This paper estimates the effects of risky behaviors (e.g., smoking, alcohol, marijuana, risky sex) on subjective well‐being. To identify these effects from endogenous sorting, I use information from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and a system of simultaneous equations for participation in four risky activities and formation of individual happiness. My results provide evidence that smoking and alcohol decrease subjective well‐being by 2.5% and 2.4%, respectively. By contrast, the relationship between having sex with multiple partners, although positive, is not statistically significant at conventional levels. Nevertheless, these effects dwindle over time until participation in any of these behaviors does not have a long‐run impact on well‐being, with the exception of smoking and alcohol consumption, which have a persistent negative impact on subjective well‐being. The results highlight the importance of controlling for endogeneity of risky behaviors and provide an explanation as to why most individuals who engage in such behaviors do not develop longer‐lasting addictions.
Legal–Spatial Consciousness: A Legal Geography Framework for Examining Migrant Illegality
Authors: Flores Andrea , Escudero Kevin , Burciaga Edelina
Published: December 2018

Here we advance the concept of legal–spatial consciousness—an individual's awareness of how law and space are mutually formed and influential on their lives. Through this concept, we explore how undocumented youth in a variety of American destinations understand and experience migrant illegality. By examining how immigration law and local places are imbricated, we demonstrate how immigrant illegality is defined not only by a patchwork of municipal, state, and federal laws, but also by how undocumented people move through these differently legal spaces in their everyday lives. Illegality is thus continually reproduced through individuals’ im/mobility through space.
The association between acute malnutrition and water, sanitation, and hygiene among children aged 6–59 months in rural Ethiopia
Authors: van Cooten Merel H. , Bilal Selamawit M. , Gebremedhin Samson , Spigt Mark
Published: December 2018

The causes of acute malnutrition—or “wasting”—are complex, and a better understanding of the underlying drivers is necessary in order to design effective interventions. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices may play a fundamental role in acute malnutrition, but more research is needed to confirm this relationship. We investigated the association between WASH practices and acute malnutrition among children 6 to 59 months of age in rural Ethiopia, making use of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the WASH status of all rural children. Bivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations between nutritional status and WASH. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to adjust for confounders. A total of 7,209 children were included in the analysis, of which 867 (12.0%) were acutely malnourished. Proper toilet facilities (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.46, 0.86]) and a water source close to home (AOR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.61, 0.83]) were associated with a lower prevalence of wasting. A safe water source for drinking (COR = 1.03, 95% CI [0.89, 1.19]) and a safe disposal of the child's stool (AOR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.84, 1.13]) were not significantly associated with acute malnutrition. These results suggest that WASH practices are related to acute malnutrition. Future studies—in particular intervention studies—should investigate whether improving WASH practices is effective in reducing malnutrition in infants and young children.
Candida auris otomycosis in Iran and review of recent literature
Authors: Abastabar Mahdi , Haghani Iman , Ahangarkani Fatemeh , Rezai Mohammad Sadegh , Taghizadeh Armaki Mojtaba , Roodgari Somayeh , Kiakojuri Keyvan , Al‐Hatmi Abdullah M. S. , Meis Jacques F. , Badali Hamid
Published: December 2018

Candida auris is a multidrug‐resistant yeast emerging in immunocompromised and in otherwise healthy individuals. Due to difficulties in microbiological identification of C. auris because of the lack of available laboratory technology in developing countries, the number of patients affected is most likely underestimated. We report the first case of C. auris otitis which now adds Iran as the fifth country around the Persian Gulf, in addition to Kuwait, Oman, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. Candida auris is an unknown pathogen in routine laboratories in Iran because most Candida isolates are probably misdiagnosed. Otomycosis seems to be a different clinical presentation of C. auris mainly involving isolates from the East‐Asian clade. We compared the mycological and clinical details of the Iranian patient with other cases of otitis reported since the last review of C. auris otomycosis in 2017.
NCMR's First Decade: An Empirical Examination
Authors: Gross Michael A. , Neuman Eric J. , Adair Wendi L. , Wallace Mallory
Published: December 2018

This retrospective offers an empirical analysis of NCMR author demographics, scholarly content, and article impact over the journal's first decade. Results highlight the journal's broad content and scope including distinct networks of knowledge communities focused on both conflict and negotiation and their subfields. Authors interpret existing network patterns and offer future direction as NCMR continues to evolve and grow within the changing landscape of negotiation and conflict management research.
Predation risks suppress lifetime fitness in a wild mammal
Authors: DeWitt Philip D. , Visscher Darcy R. , Schuler Matthew S. , Thiel Richard P.
Published: December 2018

Prey often reduce predation risk at the cost of lower resource intake. The cumulative effects of such tradeoffs can alter resource allocation, demography and evolutionary processes. We show how the accumulation of risk effects reduces the growth rate of wild North American porcupines Erethizon dorsatum, and simulate three evolutionary responses related to lifetime reproductive success. Individual porcupines experiencing predation risk from fishers Pekania pennanti grew slower and gave birth to fewer offspring. Simulations show that predation risk alone can lead to population declines, and that a female can replace herself by investing more energy into reproduction or adult survival; females that only invest energy in juvenile survival cannot. We show that the accumulation of predation risk can reduce lifetime reproductive success in natural ecosystems. Estimating the contribution of predation risk, and how evolutionary responses can mediate consequences associated with predation risk, is necessary to understand the evolution of predator–prey systems.