bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic fluid infiltrated microbottle resonator sensor with exceptional point in parity-time symmetry
Authors: Geng Jingtong , Li Yuwei
Published: December 2024

Magnetic field signals contain a large amount of power grid and equipment operation information, which is of great significance for the realization of power system information management. Traditional magnetic sensor has low sensitivity, high cost and large volume, and its application range is limited. To solve this problem, a novel magnetic sensing enhancement method for power systems based on quantum non-Hermitian EP is proposed. First, the natural microfluidic channel of the microbubble whispering gallery mode micro-resonator is used to make the magnetic fluid interact fully with the evanescent field of the echo wall, and the magnetic field intensity is detected by measuring the change of the resonant frequency, the light field distribution of microbottle resonator is also studied. Then, a second order EP energy exchange dynamic equation based on PT symmetry is established, and the sensitivity enhancement of Eigen-frequency splitting to perturbations in quantum mechanics is studied in detail. Finally, theoretical analysis and simulation show that the system can change the resonance frequency shift and the magnetic field intensity into a nonlinear relationship, so that the weak magnetic signal presents 4 orders of magnitude amplification, and the detection limit is at least 0.0001mT. Our solution provides a novel magnetic field strength detection scheme, which has a broad application prospect in the field of new power systems.
Charged anisotropic strange stars in generalized rastall gravity
Authors: Das Krishna Pada , Debnath Ujjal , Biswas Mahasweta
Published: December 2024

In this work, we have studied about the configuration of a charged anisotropic strange star in the context of generalized Rastall Gravity. We have discussed the equation of motion for a static type symmetric and spherically space-time using the MIT Bag model. Various physical aspects, like energy density, radial pressure and tangential pressure etc., have been constructed with the help of Krori-Barua metric potentials. We have matched interior and exterior Reissner-Nordström geometry to evaluate the unknown constants of the model. Several necessary physical aspects have been examined like energy density, both radial and tangential pressure components, energy conditions, compactness, surface redshift and stability of strange stars with respect to our proposed model analytically and graphically. All graphical analyses are governed for a particular compact star 4U1820 − 30 and by two coupling parameters α and β. We have concluded that the effects of extra coupling term RT are minimum than the term R as in the original Rastall Gravity on the physical characteristics of a star. Moreover, all physical aspects satisfied their specific limits, and hence our proposed model is viable and stable.
Boosting thermophotovoltaic efficiency with GaInAsSb/GaSb heterojunction device
Authors: Sun Tongxin , Lou Yiyi , Li Xin , Wei Tingting , Wang Yu
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate the enhanced thermophotovoltaic energy conversion with GaInAsSb/GaSb heterojunction cells. The case study for 0.53 eV n-GaInAsSb/P-GaSb cell indicates that, at the matched spectrum temperatures (1700 ~ 2100K), efficiency up to 7.5% ~ 8.1% and power density in the range of 3.55 ~ 6.95W/cm2 can be expected for the illumination of unshaped blackbody spectrum. The net efficiency improvement can be up to 1.7% ~ 2.0% once 0.53 eV GaInAsSb p–n cell is taken as control cell; while for GaSb control cell, the effective reduction of matched spectrum temperature can be up to 300 ~ 400 K for heterojunction cell. These results have thus evidenced a new type of cell or strategy to boost thermophotovoltaic energy conversion.
Synchronization of nonidentical neural mass models via the concept of dissipativity
Authors: Dong Miao , Liu Xian , Li Renjie , Ao Dun
Published: December 2024

Synchronization widely exists in brain networks and plays a significant role in the transmission and processing of signals in cognitive processes. Abnormal synchronization can lead to neurological and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. It is an essential and challenging task to design a controller achieve synchronization between different brain regions. This paper aims to investigate the synchronization problem of two nonidentical neural populations. Error feedback controller are proposed to achieve synchronization between two nonidentical neural populations. In addition, the sufficient conditions of synchronization are provided by utilizing Lurie system theory and the concept of dissipativity. The numerical simulations used two types of Wendling neural mass models. One type of model can be coupled to form a neural network which could help to investigate synchronization on macro level. And the other model can simulate realistic rapid brainwave activity related to the integration of multiple sensory perceptions.
Analytical modeling of thermomechanical stresses in short hyperelastic tubes under axial and torsional loading
Authors: Xu Chunwei
Published: December 2024

This study introduces an analytical model for analyzing thermomechanical stresses in finite-length hyperelastic hollow cylinders under axial-torsional loading and non-isothermal conditions. The model incorporates an axial temperature distribution and decomposes strain responses into thermal expansion and mechanical stretches. Governing equations are derived using large deformation kinematics and the Neo-Hookean strain energy function. Solutions for displacements, stresses, and pressure variables are obtained with appropriate boundary conditions. Validation against 3D finite element analysis demonstrates strong agreement with significant computational cost savings. These findings challenge the conventional linear assumption for twist angles under large deformations. Increasing temperature differences introduce noticeable nonlinearities in radial and axial stress distributions, resulting in significant nonlinear axial stress distributions along the vertical walls. Additionally, higher temperature differences reduce axial stress at the inner radius, while shear stresses predominantly remain radial with minimal variation. In summary, this efficient analytical tool provides invaluable insights into thermomechanical stresses in soft active cylindrical components, with broad potential applications across various fields.
Synchronization analysis of fractional delayed dynamical networks under switching topology
Authors: Pan Genan , Pang Denghao , Liu Song
Published: December 2024

This article addresses the global synchronization of fractional dynamical networks with both delayed and non-delayed couplings under a switching topology, where the coupling configuration matrices need not be commutative. By utilizing a modified fractional Razumikhin technique, the common Lyapunov function method and graph theory, we present a convenient and effective approach to establish reliable algebraic criteria for global synchronization. Our method effectively overcomes the challenges associated with fractional calculus, time delays, and switching topologies. A key finding is that global synchronization can be achieved more rapidly by adding additional edges to the coupling configuration graphs. Additionally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
Inverted L-shaped with rectangular annular ring ground plane 4-port MIMO antenna for satellite and 5G NR applications
Authors: Mishra Brijesh , Singh Aditya Kumar , Sayeed Saiyed Salim , Pandey Amrees
Published: December 2024

This article introduces a compact (32 × 64 × 0.8 mm3) four port MIMO antenna for K-band for satellite and for band 5G NR- n257, n258 & n261 for mmWave applications. The proposed antenna is designed at 24 GHz and selected an optimal design (Stage 3) after successive analysis of different stages (Stage 1, Stage 2 & Stage 3) performance. The radiating plane consists of an inverted L-shaped geometry, whereas the ground plane has a rectangular annular ring geometry. The proposed antenna offers an extremely large bandwidth of 20.02–30.8 GHz (simulated) & 20.2–30.3 GHz (measured) and an excellent isolation of greater than 25 dB in entire band. The suggested four-port MIMO antenna system obtained a significant peak gain of 9.5 dB at 24 GHz frequency. MIMO performance metrics in terms of ECC (envelope correlation coefficient), DG (diversity gain), TARC (channel capacity loss), CCL (channel capacity loss) and MEG (mean effective gain) of the proposed antenna is also studied and found in acceptable limits; ECC (0.00003), DG (9.87 dB), TARC (< −10 dB) CCL (< 0.4 bps Hz−1 s−1) and MEG ((−12 dB < MEG < −3 dB). Simulated results of the proposed antenna are validated with experimental results and found in close proximity. The performance of the proposed antenna makes it suitable for satellite and 5G and 5G advanced applications.
Many-body perturbation-theory calculation of electronic and optical properties of β-phase Be3N2
Authors: Nava J J , Arzate-Plata N , Ponce-Ruiz Jesús L A , Reyes-Serrato A
Published: December 2024

The hexagonal β-phase of bulk Be3N2 is a wide band gap semiconductor with potential ultraviolet (UV) optoelectronics applications. Here, we have performed the first theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of the β phase of Be3N2 considering many-body effects. In particular, we have obtained the electronic band structure and spectra of the dielectric function, complex refractive index and electron energy loss function. For the calculation of the band structure, both Density Functional Theory and G0W0 approximation plus Wannier interpolation of the bands have been applied. For the calculation of the optical spectra, we have employed both the independent particle approach as well as the formalism that incorporates many-body and excitonic effects, by applying G0W0 approximation and solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE). The results show, for instance, that the spectrum of the imaginary part of the dielectric function of β-Be3N2 has an anisotropic behavior. Even more, the material shows its highest absorption peak in the UV range, which makes it interesting due to its possible high-temperature photodetection applications. Also, in the visible energy range of the spectrum, the index of refraction along the z-axis (see figure 1) is predicted to be around 1.6, which is a high value for a solid.
Shield tail clearance images feature extraction based on semi-supervised semantic segmentation
Authors: Zeng Liang , Zhang Chenning , Yan Xingao , Wang Shanshan
Published: December 2024

Manual extraction of shield tail clearance image features is usually subjective, time-consuming and limited. Deep learning methods have shown tremendous potential in shield tail clearance images feature extraction, and can overcome the shortcomings of manual feature extraction effectively. However, most of the current deep learning methods need a huge volume of labelled data, which constrains their widespread use in practical engineering. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised learning model-Semi-SegSTC to achieve feature extraction for shield tail clearance image. The method consists of a student model and a teacher model, which have the same structure as well as weight initialization. The two models are based on DeepLabV3+ network, which firstly adopts ResNet-50 as the backbone network to improve the segmentation accuracy while reducing the network parameters, and secondly integrates the criss-cross attention mechanism to improve the network's ability to extract the shield tail clearance image features by increasing the weights of the effective channels in the image. Firstly we input the weakly enhanced unlabelled image into the model for prediction to obtain pseudo-labels, retaining the pseudo-labels only when the model produces a high confidence prediction, and using the prediction obtained by inputting this pseudo-labels to the model after supervising a strongly enhanced version of the same image. We conduct extensive experiments on the shield tail clearance images dataset as well as the PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset, and the results show that our proposed method consistently exhibits excellent performance when trained with limited labelled data.
Negative capacitance source pocket double gate tunnel FET as a label-free dielectrically modulated biosensor
Authors: Babu K Murali Chandra , Goel Ekta
Published: December 2024

This article examines the potential use of Negative Capacitance Source Pocket Double Gate Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (NC-SP-DGTFET) as a biosensor capable of detecting the biomolecules present in the nanocavity. The proposed biosensor incorporated a gate dielectric engineering along with the channel engineering method and asymmetrical doping at source and drain regions. In addition, a nanocavity is formed by selectively removing a section of the gate dielectric at the source and drain ends to accompany the biomolecules in the device. The biosensing performance measures Threshold Voltage Sensitivity (

S

V

th

), ION/IOFF Current Ratio Sensitivity (

S

I

ON

/

I

OFF

), and Drain Current Sensitivity (

S

I

DS

), with 60.3, 372.3, and 395.4 respectively are observed with neutral charge of biomolecules. The investigation involves biomolecules with positive and negative charges, which are tested under different dielectric constants in the nanocavity. In addition, an extensive investigation of a partially filled nanocavity caused by steric hindrance has been presented to capture the current situation. The study examined several scenarios with partially filled nanocavities to analyze the sensitivity characteristics, including convex, concave, increasing, and decreasing step profiles, as well as the positioning of the probe in an asymmetric manner. The study compares several sensitivity characteristics of the NC-SP-DGTFET with existing biosensors to determine the effectiveness of the proposed biosensor. The NC-SP-DGTFET biosensor outperforms traditional TFET-based biosensors by using a ferroelectric material as the oxide material. This choice of material enhances the subthreshold slope, increases gate control over the channel, and demonstrates its suitability for low-power biosensor design.
Study of Optical, Thermoelectric, and Mechanical Behaviors of Double PerovskitesCs2SnVX6(X = Cl, Br, I) for Renewable Energy
Authors: Mera Abeer , Rouf Syed Awais , Alofi Ayman S. , Mahmood Qasim
Published: December 2024

Double perovskites are emerging materials for solar cells and renewable energy applications. Here this research emphasizes the optical, transport, and mechanical characteristics of Cs2SnVX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) for renewable energy. The structural and dynamic stabilities of these double perovskites in the cubic phase have been ensured by the tolerance factor (0.94, 0.93, 0.91) and the Ab initio molecular dynamic (AIMD) simulation. Furthermore, formation energy and elastic constants have also been reported, which provide evidence of thermodynamic and mechanical stability. The band gaps analyzed by TB-mBJ potential are 1.48 eV, 1.29 eV, and 0.22 eV for the Cs2SnVCl6, Cs2SnVBr6, and Cs2SnVI6, respectively. The band gap of Cs2SnVBr6 is standard for solar cells. The absorption band exists in the visible to infrared zone, with minimal optical losses. The transport behavior has been addressed through the BoltztraP code, whose large thermoelectric performance has been confirmed by the figure of merit (1.10, 0.90, 0.65) at 300K, and ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. From mechanical analysis, it is assumed that Cs2SnVCl6 has a ductile nature (B/G = 2.0) while Cs2SnVBr6 and Cs2SnVI6 have a brittle nature (B/G = 1.26, 0.94). Moreover, their hardness, large Debye, and melting temperature are also important for device fabrication.
Rayleigh-Taylor instability in inhomogeneous relativistic classical and degenerate electron-ion magnetoplasmas
Authors: Dey Rupak , Misra A. P.
Published: December 2024

We study the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) of electrostatic plane wave perturbations in compressible relativistic magnetoplasma fluids with thermal ions under gravity in three different cases of when (i) electrons are in isothermal equilibrium, i.e., classical or nondegenerate, (ii) electrons are fully degenerate (with $T_e=0$), and (iii) electrons are partially degenerate or have finite temperature degeneracy (with $T_e\neq0$). While in the cases of (i) and (iii), we focus on the regimes where the particle's thermal energy is more or less than the rest mass energy, i.e., $\beta_e \equiv k_{\mathrm B}T_e/{m_ec^2}<1~\rm{or}~>1$, the case (ii) considers from weakly to ultra-relativistic degenerate regimes. A general expression of the growth rate of instability is obtained and analyzed in the three different cases relevant to laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, which generalize and advance the previous theory on RTI.
Symmetric difference data enhancement physics-informed neural network for solving discrete nonlinear lattice equations
Authors: Zhou Jian-Chen , Wen Xiao-Yong , Guo Ming-Juan
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we propose a symmetric difference data enhancement physics-informed neural network (SDE-PINN) to study soliton solutions for discrete nonlinear lattice equations (NLEs). By considering known and unknown symmetric point, numerical simulations are conducted to one soliton and two-soliton solutions of discrete KdV equation as well as one-soliton solution of discrete Toda lattice equation. Compared with the existing discrete deep learning approach, the numerical results reveal that within the specified spatiotemporal domain, the prediction accuracy by SDE-PINN is excellent regardless of the interior or extrapolation prediction, with a significant reduction in training time. The proposed data enhancement technique and symmetric structure development provide a newperspective for the deep learning approach to solve discrete NLEs. The newly proposed SDE-PINN can also be applied to solve continuous nonlinear equations and other discrete NLEs numerically.
A Combined Smoothing Method of Ensemble Pulsar Timescale and Application for Pulsar Atomic Clock Combined Timescale
Authors: Yang Tinggao , Tong Minglei , Li Bian , Zhang Zhehao , Zhu Xingzhi , Gao Yuping
Published: December 2024

Clock difference between the ensemble pulsar timescale (PT) and the International Atomic Time (TAI) PT-TAI derived from the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) data set indicates a very similar variation trend with the Terrestrial Time TT(BIPMXXXX)-TAI but PT has larger measurement error. In this paper, we discuss the smoothing method of PT using a combined smoothing filter and compare the results with that from other filters. The clock difference sequence between PT-TAI and the first time derivative series of the TT(BIPMXXXX)-TAI can be combined by a combined smoothing filter to yield two smooth curves tied by the constraints assuring that the latter is the derivative of the former. The ensemble pulsar time IPTA2016 with respect to TAI published by G. Hobbs et al. and first time derivative series of the TT(BIPM2017)-TAI with quadratic polynomial terms removed are processed by combined smoothing filter in order to demonstrate the properties of the smoothed results. How to correctly estimate two smoothing coefficients is described and the output results of the combined smoothing filter are analyzed. The results show that the combined smoothing method efficiently removes high frequency noises of two input data series and the smoothed data of the PT-TAI combine long term fractional frequency stability of the pulsar time and frequency accuracy of the terrestrial time. Fractional frequency stability analysis indicates that both short and medium time interval stability of the smoothed PT-TAI is improved while keeping its original long term frequency stability level. The combined smoothing filter is more suitable for smoothing observational pulsar timescale data than any filter that only performs smoothing of a single pulsar time series. The smoothed pulsar time by combined smoothing filter is a pulsar atomic time combined timescale. This kind of combined timescale can also be used as terrestrial time.
Studying Thermal and Dynamical Stability of Interacting Rényi and Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy Models in LTB Inhomogeneous Universe
Authors: Abdelrashied Mohamed , Aly Ayman , Selim Mustafa
Published: December 2024

This work aims to investigate the different stability conditions of two scenarios of the inhomogeneous Lemaitre–Tolman–Bond model of the universe with holographic dark energy. We considered the Rényi and Tsallis holographic models of interacting dark energy. These holographic models are investigated using the IR cutoff that equals the Hubble horizon. Various stability conditions of these models have been investigated to understand how much these models can tell us about the recent and future epochs of the universe in comparison with the cosmological constant model, or ΛCDM model. The conditions of violating the cosmological energy conditions have been studied. The evolution of the entropy and its first and second derivatives have been calculated and plotted for these holographic models. This gives an idea of how far these models satisfy the generalized second law of thermodynamics and hence have thermodynamical stability. The dynamical stability is studied for these evolved models, which give us glimpses of the dynamical stability at different phases of its evolution. We focus on investigating the stability in recent and near future times up to z ≤ −4. Further investigation of stability has been obtained by studying the evolved sound speed squared parameter for these models, which gave us a final and decisive evaluation of the stability of these models.
The Effect of Sulphate Compound Addition to Soundless Chemical Demolition Agent Expansion Pressure
Authors: Nor A.M. , Hashim M.H.M. , Hashim S.F.S. , Ahmad M.R. , Shah A.N.S.A.
Published: December 2024

Soundless Chemical Demolition Agent (SCDA) is a composite that can be used in rock breaking applications as an alternative to blasting. The SCDA is used to fill in the holes of a boulder that needs to be broken. The long time taken to apply SCDA, up to 12 hours or more, can be reduced by adding a sulphate compound to SCDA. The SCDA used in this study is DEXPAN which is then substituted with 5%- 30% of potassium sulphate and calcium sulphate to observe the expansion pressure rate. The addition of 30% potassium sulphate and calcium sulphate shows a significant increase of the expansion pressure rate. The presence of ettringite has increased when the sulphate compound is mixed with SCDA, showing that the mechanism occurs to improve the performance of SCDA. This work can potentially be used to understand the mechanisms of SCDA better and provide new ideas to be applied more effectively.
Influence of Alkaline Treated Sugarcane Bagasse Loading on Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Films
Authors: Dzulkafly Nuur Syuhada , Rashid Azura A.
Published: December 2024

Agricultural waste is a natural source of biomaterials that can be used as filler to create a variety of high-value industrial products. Agricultural waste gains more interest due to it is economical, cheap, readily available, and environmentally friendly. However, agricultural waste requires modification in order to improve its compatibility with Natural Rubber (NR) latex due to its incompatibility. This paper aims to determine the effect of the addition of the alkaline-treated sugarcane bagasse (ATSB) in NR latex film on its mechanical properties. Sugarcane bagasse was treated with 2% sodium hypochlorite to chemically modify the fiber and was used as filler in NR latex films. The tensile and tear properties of the ATSB filled with NR latex were observed at different filler loadings (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 phr). The tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile modulus decreased significantly with the increase of ATSB filler loading. Meanwhile, tear strength increases with the addition of ATSB fillers. The optimum loading of ATSB fillers was observed at 5 phr. The alkaline treatment removes the lignin bound to the sugarcane bagasse, enhancing the interaction between ATSB and NR latex, which results in a higher tensile strength compared to the sugarcane bagasse powder films. Thus, ATSB fillers can be added into NR latex as a potential biodegradable filler.
Fabrication of thermochromic polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) blend as temperature sensor
Authors: Leong Zy Fai , Chan Qi-Hua , Marsilla Ku Ishak Ku
Published: December 2024

Global plastic pollution concerns and materials advancements have facilitated the development of new biodegradable smart materials. This study focused on the fabrication of temperature sensors from polylactic acid (PLA)/polybutylene co-adipate terephthalate (PBAT) blends incorporated with thermochromic black (TCB) pigments. Blends of different PLA/PBAT weight ratios (100/0, 70/30, 50/50, 30/70, 0/100) and pigment concentrations (0, 1, 3 phr) were tested using visual and colorimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, tensile test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pigmented specimens showed dark grey and white colorations at temperatures 10 and 35 °C respectively, indicating visible thermochromism. FTIR detected no chemical reaction between constituents in the blends. Tensile strength of PLA/PBAT blends decreased when more pigments were added. From SEM, phase separation between PLA and PBAT was unaffected by the incorporation of pigments. We concluded that PLA70/PBAT30 and PLA30/PBAT70 blends with 1 phr pigments were the most suitable to fabricate temperature sensors.
Effect of Load on Tribological Behaviour of 3D Printed Composite
Authors: Ling Jia Hui , Ismail Khairul Izwan , Ramarad Suganti , Yap Tze Chuen
Published: December 2024

Understanding the tribological behaviours of parts printed through Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is crucial for optimizing the application of FDM-printed components. A new composite, PLA-F which blended PLA and ABS was developed in the last decade. However, no tribological data for this new composite was reported. The effect of load on the tribological behaviour of 3D printed PLA-F was investigated in current work via pin-on-disc test. The coefficient of friction, wear rate, and specific wear rate at applied loads ranged from 2.5 N to 20 N were determined. With the increase of applied load, it was seen that coefficient of friction (COF) reduced from 0.79 and remained constant at 0.6 after 15 N, wear rate increased from 1.02×10−6 g/m to 7.51×10−6 g/m and specific wear rate ranged between 3.32×10−7 g/Nm to 4.10×10−7 g/Nm. Worn surfaces of the samples were observed using a digital microscope. Various wear mechanisms such as delamination, grooves, ploughing, and fatigue wear were observed, and severe wear was observed at high applied load. This insight holds significance for optimizing its utilization and minimizing wear-related issues in practical applications.
Optimizing of machining parameters for Hypereutectic Aluminium Silicon Alloys A390 with minimum quantity lubrication in turning using vegetable-based nano fluids
Authors: Nur Nadirah M.R. , Musfirah A.H.
Published: December 2024

Aluminium alloys are rapidly developing in response to regulatory and industry trends. The automotive industry’s push for lighter, more fuel-efficient vehicles has driven the fast-paced development and adoption of aluminium alloys, which have historically been regarded as the automotive production material with the fastest rate of growth. Parts made of aluminium alloys are significantly lighter than those made of steel, which can improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions, making aluminium an environmentally friendly choice. The high silicon concentration in aluminium silicon alloys A390, which varies from 17 to 18% and has good casting qualities, affects the machinability process. In order to optimise machining settings and determine the aspects that most effect surface roughness, this study looks at the machinability performance, concentrating on the surface roughness of machined surfaces. The cutting parameters employed in this study were a constant depth of cut of 0.1 mm, a feed rate of 0.1 to 0.3 mm/min, and a cutting speed range of 300 to 900 m/min. The turning machining process was performed utilising nano-based silicon dioxide (SiO2)-based fluids combined with palm oil as a lubricant under minimal quantity lubricant (MQL) conditions. Next, a mathematical model was developed to predict outcomes, optimize processes, understand variable relationships, and save time and resources. The effect of machining parameters on surface roughness was investigated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA revealed that feed rate and speed were important factors. The best settings for minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) were 900 m/min for the cutting speed and 0.1 mm/min for the feed rate. With these settings, 0.451 μm of minimised surface roughness was attained.
Construction of a multifunctional bio-probe based on lanthanides for UCL/MR/CT multimodal imaging in vivo
Authors: Xiang Lijun , Wang Chengying , Mao Yifu , Jiang Yong , Hu Zhifeng , Wang Yong
Published: December 2024

Multimodal bioimaging is beneficial for clinical diagnosis and research due to the provision of comprehensive diagnostic information. However, the design of multifunctional bio-probes aggregating multiple bioimaging functions is greatly challenging. In this study, a multifunctional bio-probe based on lanthanide-based nanomaterials Sr2GdF7: Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+ (abbreviated as SGF) was developed for in vivo multimodal imaging by co-adopting apropos lanthanides and tuning their molar ratio. The experimental results indicate that SGF incorporates multiple excellent properties, such as 10 nm small size, optimal red-NIR region emissions, strong paramagnetism, excellent x-ray absorption ability and high biological safety. More importantly, SGF successfully realized in vivo multimodal imaging of upconversion luminescence, magnetic resonance and x-ray computed tomography at the animal level. Thus, SGF is expected to become a multifunctional bio-probe for clinical research/diagnosis. This research would promote the application and transformation of lanthanide fluorides nanomaterials in the field of clinical diagnosis to a certain extent.
Single-shot measurement of object with high reflectivity surfaces base on deep learning
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Li Jinlong , Wan Yingying , Luo Lin , Gao Xiaorong
Published: December 2024

Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) technique is a widely used method in three-dimensional measurement and has broad applications in industrial measurement. This method typically requires projecting multiple phase-shifted fringe patterns to achieve high-precision imaging. However, in industrial contexts, the measured objects are often metallic components with high reflectivity, which would adversely affect the reconstruction quality of FPP. High Dynamic Range (HDR) technology can effectively address such issues; however, it requires an increased number of projected fringe patterns, which reduces measurement efficiency. This paper proposes a single-shot 3D measurement method that combines traditional HDR techniques with deep learning to measure objects with highly reflective surfaces. The method employs two network models: the Phase Recovery Network (PRNet) and the Coarse Phase Unwrapping Network (CPUNet). PRNet receives a single fringe image with saturated pixels and outputs the numerator and denominator terms for phase retrieval. CPUNet takes the wrapped phase data processed through an arctangent function from PRNet’s output and predicts the coarse unwrapped phase to assist in phase unwrapping, yielding high-precision phase results. Experiments show that this approach requires only one shiny fringe image as input and effectively restores phase errors caused by high reflectivity, achieving a high reconstruction accuracy for the complete 3D shape of the object.
Study on influence of types and numbers of inner-layer shape on failure mechanism of layered alumina ceramic under three-point bending and bending fatigue load
Authors: Hou Pengliang , Chen Yang , Jing Huantao
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the failure mechanism of Layered Alumina Ceramic (LAC) with different types and numbers of inner-layer shapes was investigated under three-point bending (TPB) and bending fatigue load. Moreover, finite element analysis (FEA) models were established. Results of the experiment and FEA models indicate that specimens with different types and numbers of inner-layer shapes show excellent mechanical behavior. Introducing inner-layer shapes causes crack deflection, improving the bending strength and bending fatigue life of LAC specimens with arched or trapezoidal inner-layer shapes. However, taking the trapezoidal inner-layer shape as an example, if its number is more than or less than 19, the deflection of cracks in the inner layer is hindered, reducing the specimen’s mechanical properties. Furthermore, all LAC specimens show a mixed fracture mode. When a trapezoidal or arched inner-layer shape is adopted, transgranular cracks are significantly increased, improving its mechanical properties. However, the number of transgranular cracks is further reduced by changing the number of trapezoidal inner-layer shapes. Therefore, LAC specimens show poor mechanical behavior. In summary, LAC specimens with 19 arches or trapezoids in the inner layer show excellent mechanical properties. This research offers component design engineers the optimal types and numbers of inner-layer shapes for layered alumina ceramic, thereby enhancing the service life of ceramics.
Carbon sequestration effects of agricultural high-quality development: evidence from China’s high-standard farmland construction
Authors: Zhou Yufei , Hu Qiuguang , Li Shuqin , Wang Minglan
Published: December 2024

Based on the perspective of carbon sequestration, this paper selects county-level panel data from China from 2000 to 2017 and uses a Difference-in-Differences (DID) Model to examine the impact of the high-standard basic farmland construction (HSFC) on the enhancement of regional carbon sequestration capacity. The results indicate that the HSFC policy enhances the carbon sequestration capacity in the respective areas. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that counties with more significant promotion and implementation of HSFC exhibit substantially better local carbon sequestration capacity compared to those that were early pilot areas. Non-grain-producing counties with smaller agricultural production scales exhibit better carbon sequestration effects when implementing the HSFC policy compared to grain-producing counties. HSFC also shows varying carbon sequestration effects in different regions of cropping systems. Further analysis reveals that the improvement in agricultural mechanization and the reduction in fertilizer application can effectively enhance the carbon sequestration effects of the HSFC policy. Moreover, HSFC has significant policy spillover effects that can enhance agricultural carbon sequestration levels in neighboring regions.
Optimization of FSP parameters in fabricating AA5083/Coal composites using Taguchi method
Authors: Muribwathoho Oritonda , Msomi Velaphi , Mabuwa Sipokazi
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the optimization of Friction Stir Processing parameters to fabricate AA5083/Coal composites using the Taguchi method. The influence of key process parameters—tool tilt angle, tool rotation speed, and traverse speed—on the mechanical properties of the composites was evaluated, specifically focusing on ultimate tensile strength, microhardness, and elongation. Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array was employed to minimize the number of experiments and maximize the efficiency of parameter selection. A Hounsfield tensile test machine was used to evaluate ultimate tensile strength, and Innova Test Falcon 500 hardness testing machine was used to determine microhardness. The highest ultimate tensile strength, microhardness and percentage elongation achieved with the orthogonal arrays were 242 MPa, 96.27 HV, and 22.43%, respectively. The optimal parameters were identified as a tool tilt angle of 2°, a tool rotation speed of 900 rpm, and a traverse speed of 60 mm min−1 based on signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, an analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate the parameter contributions. Analysis of Variance revealed that rotational speed had the most significant impact on microhardness and percentage elongation, while tilt angle most strongly influenced ultimate tensile strength. This study demonstrates the viability of coal particles as a cost-effective reinforcement material for AA5083 composites and provides a robust framework for optimizing friction stir processing parameters using statistical methods.
𝐶¹-local flatness and geodesics of the Legendrian spectral distance
Authors: Allais Simon , Arlove Pierre-Alexandre
Published: December 2024

In this article, we give an explicit computation of the order spectral selectors of a pair of

C
1

C^1

-close Legendrian submanifolds belonging to an orderable isotopy class. The

C
1

C^1

-local flatness of the spectral distance and the characterization of its geodesics are deduced. Another consequence is the

C
1

C^1

-local coincidence of spectral and Shelukhin-Chekanov-Hofer distances. Similar statements are then deduced for several contactomorphism groups.
LOGOWheat: deep learning–based prediction of regulatory effects for noncoding variants in wheats
Authors: Kong Lingpeng , Cheng Hong , Zhu Kun , Song Bo
Published: December 2024

Identifying the regulatory effects of noncoding variants presents a significant challenge. Recently, the accumulation of epigenomic profiling data in wheat has provided an opportunity to model the functional impacts of these variants. In this study, we introduce Language of Genome for Wheat (LOGOWheat), a deep learning–based tool designed to predict the regulatory effects of noncoding variants in wheat. LOGOWheat initially employs a self-attention-based, contextualized pretrained language model to acquire bidirectional representations of the unlabeled wheat reference genome. Epigenomic profiling data are also collected and utilized to fine-tune the model, enabling it to discern the regulatory code inherent in genomic sequences. The test results suggest that LOGOWheat is highly effective in predicting multiple chromatin features, achieving an average area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.8531 and an average area under the precision–recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.7633. Two case studies illustrate and demonstrate the main functions provided by LOGOWheat: assigning scores and prioritizing causal variants within a given variant set and constructing a saturated mutagenesis map in silico to discover high-impact sites or functional motifs in a given sequence. Finally, we propose the concept of extracting potential functional variations from the wheat population by integrating evolutionary conservation information. LOGOWheat is available at http://logowheat.cn/.
Diagnostic value of the ovarian adnexal reporting and data system ultrasound in ovarian masses: a 2-center study
Authors: Teng Fei , Xie Honglei , Wei Hong , Che Dehong , Wang Hongbo , Wu Chengwei , He Xin , Dong Xiaoqiu
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the ovarian adnexal reporting and data system (O-RADS) and ultrasound (US) and its sub-classification system for distinguishing ovarian masses.

Methods

O-RADS US was used for the retrospective analysis of 606 ovarian masses of Chinese from 2 medical centres by 2 gynaecologic sonographers with varying experience. The O-RADS 4 categories masses were further sub-classified into O-RADS 4a and O-RADS 4b through 3 different approaches (O-RADS A1/A2/A3).

Results

The AUC of O-RADS US for differentiating benign from malignant ovarian masses was 0.927 (95% CI, 0.903-0.946, P < .001). The optimal cut-off value for predicting malignancy was >O-RADS 3, with sensitivity and specificity of 98.60% and 68.90%, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of the 3 sub-classification systems surpassed that of O-RADS US (P < .05). Specifically, A2 approach (within O-RADS 4 lesions, unilocular and multilocular cysts with solid components were sub-classified as O-RADS 4b, whereas the remaining O-RADS 4 lesions were sub-classified as O-RADS 4a) resulted in an AUC of 0.942 (95% CI, 0.921-0.960, P < .001). The best cut-off value predicting malignancy was >O-RADS 4a, exhibiting relatively high specificity (82.51%) and maintaining a high sensitivity (93.01%).

Conclusion

The diagnostic efficacy of O-RADS US for identifying ovarian tumours is good, but specificity is slightly lower. This study enhanced diagnostic specificity after subclassifying O-RADS 4 lesions, especially A2 approach. It holds significant clinical value for Chinese women and merits further clinical promotion and application.

Advances in knowledge

The sub-classification of O-RADS US allows better identifying ovarian tumours, facilitating informed preoperative clinical management and diagnosis.
Dissociable components of visual perceptual learning characterized by non-invasive brain stimulation: Stage 1 Registered Report
Authors: Maniglia Marcello
Published: December 2024

Visual perceptual learning (VPL), the training-induced improvement in visual tasks, has long been considered the product of neural plasticity at early and local stages of signal processing. However, recent evidence suggests that multiple networks and mechanisms, including stimulus- and task-specific plasticity, concur in generating VPL. Accordingly, early models of VPL, which characterized learning as being local and mostly involving early sensory areas, such as V1, have been updated to embrace these newfound complexities, acknowledging the involvement on parietal (i.e. intra-parietal sulcus) and frontal (i.e. dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) areas, in aspects concerning decision-making, feedback integration and task structure. However, evidence of multiple brain regions differentially involved in different aspects of learning is thus far mostly correlational, emerging from electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques. To directly address these multiple components of VPL, we propose to use a causal neuromodulation technique, namely transcranial random noise stimulation, to selectively modulate the activity of different brain regions suggested to be involved in various aspects of learning. Specifically, we will target a region in the occipital cortex, which has been associated with stimulus-specific plasticity, and one in the parietal cortex, which has been associated with task-specific plasticity, in a between-subject design. Measures of transfer of learning to untrained stimuli and tasks will be used to evaluate the role of different regions and test for double dissociations between learning effects and stimulated area, shedding lights on learning mechanisms in the visual system. Evidence of dissociable mechanisms of learning can help refine current models of VPL and may help develop more effective visual training and rehabilitation protocols.
Elucidating multicomponent mechanisms in the catalytic hydrogenation of 2-methylquinoline under crude-H2 conditions: a key H2-cleavage process by a boron–olefin Lewis pair
Authors: Hashimoto Taiki , Harabuchi Yu , Ogoshi Sensuke , Maeda Satoshi , Hoshimoto Yoichi
Published: December 2024

The mechanisms of the triarylborane-catalyzed hydrogenation of 2-methylquinoline (MeQin) in the presence of CO2 were investigated using the artificial force induced reaction method. When B(C6F5)3 (B1) is used as the catalyst, the hydrogenation proceeds via intermolecular proton and hydride transfer from [MeQin–H][H−B1] to a 1,4-dihydroquinoline intermediate (p-H2-MeQin). However, we confirmed that B1 quickly decomposes via a CO2-capture reaction with 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (H4-MeQin) followed by thermally induced proto-deboronation. When B(2,6-Cl2C6H3)(3,5-Br2-2,6-F2C6H)2 (B2) is employed, the dissociation of CO2 from the corresponding CO2-capture product can occur prior to the irreversible proto-deboronation step, and the hydrogenation of MeQin thus continues efficiently. Moreover, the artificial force induced reaction analysis suggested that a frustrated Lewis pair comprising the boron atom of B2 and the olefinic carbon in p-H2-MeQin would mediate the heterolytic cleavage of H2. Based on these mechanistic details, we identified the modified catalyst B(2-Cl-6-FC6H3)3 (B7) that demonstrates a remarkable catalyst turnover number (TON = 4,000) in the hydrogenation of MeQin under H2/CO2 conditions.
Recent odor experience selectively modulates olfactory sensitivity across the glomerular output in the mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Subramanian Narayan , Leong Lee Min , Salemi Mokri Boukani Paria , Storace Douglas A
Published: December 2024

Although animals can reliably locate and recognize odorants embedded in complex environments, the neural circuits for accomplishing these tasks remain incompletely understood. Adaptation is likely to be important as it could allow neurons in a brain area to adjust to the broader sensory environment. Adaptive processes must be flexible enough to allow the brain to make dynamic adjustments, while maintaining sufficient stability so that organisms do not forget important olfactory associations. Processing within the mouse olfactory bulb is likely involved in generating adaptation, although there are conflicting models of how it transforms the glomerular output of the mouse olfactory bulb. Here we performed 2-photon Ca2+ imaging from mitral/tufted glomeruli in awake mice to determine the time course of recovery from adaptation, and whether it acts broadly or selectively across the glomerular population. Individual glomerular responses, as well as the overall population odor representation were similar across imaging sessions. However, odor-concentration pairings presented with interstimulus intervals upwards of 30-s evoked heterogeneous adaptation that was concentration-dependent. We demonstrate that this form of adaptation is unrelated to variations in respiration, and olfactory receptor neuron glomerular measurements indicate that it is unlikely to be inherited from the periphery. Our results indicate that the olfactory bulb output can reliably transmit stable odor representations, but recent odor experiences can selectively shape neural responsiveness for upwards of 30 seconds. We propose that neural circuits that allow for non-uniform adaptation across mitral/tufted glomeruli could be important for making dynamic adjustments in complex odor environments.