bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optogenetics inspired transition metal dichalcogenide neuristors for in-memory deep recurrent neural networks
Authors: John Rohit Abraham , Acharya Jyotibdha , Zhu Chao , Surendran Abhijith , Bose Sumon Kumar , Chaturvedi Apoorva , Tiwari Nidhi , Gao Yang , He Yongmin , Zhang Keke K. , Xu Manzhang , Leong Wei Lin , Liu Zheng , Basu Arindam , Mathews Nripan
Published: June 2020

Shallow feed-forward networks are incapable of addressing complex tasks such as natural language processing that require learning of temporal signals. To address these requirements, we need deep neuromorphic architectures with recurrent connections such as deep recurrent neural networks. However, the training of such networks demand very high precision of weights, excellent conductance linearity and low write-noise- not satisfied by current memristive implementations. Inspired from optogenetics, here we report a neuromorphic computing platform comprised of photo-excitable neuristors capable of in-memory computations across 980 addressable states with a high signal-to-noise ratio of 77. The large linear dynamic range, low write noise and selective excitability allows high fidelity opto-electronic transfer of weights with a two-shot write scheme, while electrical in-memory inference provides energy efficiency. This method enables implementing a memristive deep recurrent neural network with twelve trainable layers with more than a million parameters to recognize spoken commands with >90% accuracy.
Coherent transport through a Majorana island in an Aharonov–Bohm interferometer
Authors: Whiticar A. M. , Fornieri A. , O’Farrell E. C. T. , Drachmann A. C. C. , Wang T. , Thomas C. , Gronin S. , Kallaher R. , Gardner G. C. , Manfra M. J. , Marcus C. M. , Nichele F.
Published: June 2020

Majorana zero modes are leading candidates for topological quantum computation due to non-local qubit encoding and non-abelian exchange statistics. Spatially separated Majorana modes are expected to allow phase-coherent single-electron transport through a topological superconducting island via a mechanism referred to as teleportation. Here we experimentally investigate such a system by patterning an elongated epitaxial InAs-Al island embedded in an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer. With increasing parallel magnetic field, a discrete sub-gap state in the island is lowered to zero energy yielding persistent 1e-periodic Coulomb blockade conductance peaks (e is the elementary charge). In this condition, conductance through the interferometer is observed to oscillate in a perpendicular magnetic field with a flux period of h/e (h is Planck’s constant), indicating coherent transport of single electrons through the islands, a signature of electron teleportation via Majorana modes.
Alterations of gut microbiota contribute to the progression of unruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Li Hao , Xu Haochen , Li Youxiang , Jiang Yuhua , Hu Yamin , Liu Tingting , Tian Xueqing , Zhao Xihai , Zhu Yandong , Wang Shuxia , Zhang Chunrui , Ge Jing , Wang Xuliang , Wen Hongyan , Bai Congxia , Sun Yingying , Song Li , Zhang Yinhui , Hui Rutai , Cai Jun , Chen Jingzhou
Published: June 2020

Unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) is a life-threatening cerebrovascular condition. Whether changes in gut microbial composition participate in the development of UIAs remains largely unknown. We perform a case-control metagenome-wide association study in two cohorts of Chinese UIA patients and control individuals and mice that receive fecal transplants from human donors. After fecal transplantation, the UIA microbiota is sufficient to induce UIAs in mice. We identify UIA-associated gut microbial species link to changes in circulating taurine. Specifically, the abundance of Hungatella hathewayi is markedly decreased and positively correlated with the circulating taurine concentration in both humans and mice. Consistently, gavage with H. hathewayi normalizes the taurine levels in serum and protects mice against the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Taurine supplementation also reverses the progression of intracranial aneurysms. Our findings provide insights into a potential role of H. hathewayi-associated taurine depletion as a key factor in the pathogenesis of UIAs.
Long-term monitoring of the Iberian ibex population in the Sierra Nevada of the southeast Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Granados José Enrique , Ros-Candeira Andrea , Pérez-Luque Antonio Jesús , Moreno-Llorca Ricardo , Cano-Manuel Francisco Javier , Fandos Paulino , Soriguer Ramón C. , Cerrato José Espinosa , Jiménez Jesús María Pérez , Ramos Blanca , Zamora Regino
Published: June 2020

This dataset provides long-term information on the presence of the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanicaSchimper, 1848) in Sierra Nevada (SE Iberian Peninsula). Data on the abundance and demographic structure of the Iberian ibex population were compiled over the last three decades. Transects were laid out to record different variables such as the number of individuals sighted, the perpendicular distance of each group of Iberian ibex to the transect line and sex as well as age of individuals in the case of males. These data enabled the calculation of population parameters such as density, sex ratio, birth rate, and age structure. These parameters are key for Iberian ibex conservation and management, given that Sierra Nevada harbours the largest population of this species in the Iberian Peninsula. The data set we present is structured using the Darwin Core biological standard, which contains 3,091 events (582 transect walk events and 2,509 group sighting events), 5,396 occurrences, and 2,502 measurements. The occurrences include the sightings of 11,436 individuals (grouped by sex and age) from 1993 to 2018 in a total of 88 transects distributed along Sierra Nevada, of which 33 have been continuously sampled since 2008.
Rosmarinic Acid Exhibits Anticancer Effects via MARK4 Inhibition
Authors: Anwar Saleha , Shamsi Anas , Shahbaaz Mohd , Queen Aarfa , Khan Parvez , Hasan Gulam Mustafa , Islam Asimul , Alajmi Mohamed F. , Hussain Afzal , Ahmad Faizan , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz
Published: June 2020

Microtubule affinity regulating kinase (MARK4) is a potential drug target for different types of cancer as it controls the early step of cell division. In this study, we have screened a series of natural compounds and finally identified rosmarinic acid (RA) as a potential inhibitor of MARK4. Molecular docking and 500 ns all-atom simulation studies suggested that RA binds to the active site pocket of MARK4, forming enough number of non-covalent interactions with critical residues and MARK4-RA complex is stable throughout the simulation trajectory. RA shows an excellent binding affinity to the MARK4 with a binding constant (K) of 107 M−1. Furthermore, RA significantly inhibits MARK4 activity (IC50 = 6.204 µM). The evaluation of enthalpy change (∆H) and entropy change (∆S) suggested that the MARK4-RA complex formation is driven by hydrogen bonding and thus complexation process is seemingly specific. The consequence of MARK4 inhibition by RA was further evaluated by cell-based tau-phosphorylation studies, which suggested that RA inhibited the phosphorylation of tau. The treatment of cancer cells with RA significantly controls cell growth and subsequently induces apoptosis. Our study provides a rationale for the therapeutic evaluation of RA and RA-based inhibitors in MARK4 associated cancers and other diseases.
Variation in RARG increases susceptibility to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in patient specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Christidi Effimia , Huang Haojun , Shafaattalab Sanam , Maillet Agnes , Lin Eric , Huang Kate , Laksman Zachary , Davis Margot K. , Tibbits Glen F. , Brunham Liam R.
Published: June 2020

Doxorubicin is a potent anticancer drug used to treat a variety of cancer types. However, its use is limited by doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). A missense variant in the RARG gene (S427L; rs2229774) has been implicated in susceptibility to DIC in a genome wide association study. The goal of this study was to investigate the functional role of this RARG variant in DIC. We used induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from patients treated with doxorubicin. iPSC-CMs from individuals who experienced DIC (cases) showed significantly greater sensitivity to doxorubicin compared to iPSC-CMs from doxorubicin-treated individuals who did not develop DIC (controls) in cell viability and optical mapping experiments. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated isogenic cell lines that differed only at the RARG locus. Genetic correction of RARG-S427L to wild type resulted in reduced doxorubicin-induced double stranded DNA breaks, reactive oxygen species production, and cell death. Conversely, introduction of RARG-S427L increased susceptibility to doxorubicin. Finally, genetic disruption of the RARG gene resulted in protection from cell death due to doxorubicin treatment. Our findings suggest that the presence of RARG-S427L increases sensitivity to DIC, establishing a direct, causal role for this variant in DIC.
Amylin and beta amyloid proteins interact to form amorphous heterocomplexes with enhanced toxicity in neuronal cells
Authors: Bharadwaj Prashant , Solomon Tanya , Sahoo Bikash R. , Ignasiak Katarzyna , Gaskin Scott , Rowles Joanne , Verdile Giuseppe , Howard Mark J. , Bond Charles S. , Ramamoorthy Ayyalusamy , Martins Ralph N. , Newsholme Philip
Published: June 2020

Human pancreatic islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) and beta amyloid (Aβ) can accumulate in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains and evidence suggests that interaction between the two amyloidogenic proteins can lead to the formation of heterocomplex aggregates. However, the structure and consequences of the formation of these complexes remains to be determined. The main objective of this study was to characterise the different types and morphology of Aβ-hIAPP heterocomplexes and determine if formation of such complexes exacerbate neurotoxicity. We demonstrate that hIAPP promotes Aβ oligomerization and formation of small oligomer and large aggregate heterocomplexes. Co-oligomerized Aβ42-hIAPP mixtures displayed distinct amorphous structures and a 3-fold increase in neuronal cell death as compared to Aβ and hIAPP alone. However, in contrast to hIAPP, non-amyloidogenic rat amylin (rIAPP) reduced oligomer Aβ-mediated neuronal cell death. rIAPP exhibited reductions in Aβ induced neuronal cell death that was independent of its ability to interact with Aβ and form heterocomplexes; suggesting mediation by other pathways. Our findings reveal distinct effects of IAPP peptides in modulating Aβ aggregation and toxicity and provide new insight into the potential pathogenic effects of Aβ-IAPP hetero-oligomerization and development of IAPP based therapies for AD and T2D.
Impact of a natural disaster on access to care and biopsychosocial outcomes among Hispanic/Latino cancer survivors
Authors: Rodriguez-Rabassa Mary , Hernandez Ruthmarie , Rodriguez Zindie , Colon-Echevarria Claudia B. , Maldonado Lizette , Tollinchi Nelmit , Torres-Marrero Estefania , Mulero Adnil , Albors Daniela , Perez-Morales Jaileene , Flores Idhaliz , Dutil Julie , Jim Heather , Castro Eida M. , Armaiz-Pena Guillermo N.
Published: June 2020

Cancer is the leading cause of death in Puerto Rico (PR). Hurricane Maria (HM) and its aftermath lead to widespread devastation on the island, including the collapse of the healthcare system. Medically fragile populations, such as cancer survivors, were significantly affected. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of HM on barriers to care, emotional distress, and inflammatory biomarkers among cancer survivors in PR. This exploratory longitudinal study was conducted in health care facilities and community support groups from PR. Cancer survivors (n = 50) and non-cancer participants (n = 50) completed psychosocial questionnaires and provided blood samples that were used to assess inflammatory cytokines levels. Among this cohort, we identified 41 matched cancer survivors/non-cancer participants pairs. Data were analyzed through descriptive, frequencies, correlational, and regression analyses. Cancer survivors that were affected by HM reported increased barriers in accessing medical care, which were directly associated with anxiety, perceived stress, and post-traumatic symptomatology. Moreover, being a cancer survivor, predicted more barriers to receiving health care, especially in the first six weeks after the event, after which the effect was attenuated. Several inflammatory cytokines, such as CD31, BDNF, TFF3, Serpin E-1, VCAM-1, Vitamin D BP, and PDGF-AA, were significantly upregulated in cancer survivors while MMP9 and Osteopontin both had significant positive correlations with barriers to care. HM significantly impacted Puerto Ricans psychosocial well-being. Cancer survivors had significant barriers to care and showed increased serum inflammatory cytokines but did not show differences in anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic symptoms compared to non-cancer participants.
Estimation of homeostatic dysregulation and frailty using biomarker variability: a principal component analysis of hemodialysis patients
Authors: Nakazato Yuichi , Sugiyama Tomoko , Ohno Rena , Shimoyama Hirofumi , Leung Diana L. , Cohen Alan A. , Kurane Riichi , Hirose Satoru , Watanabe Akihisa , Shimoyama Hiromi
Published: June 2020

Increased intraindividual variability in several biological parameters is associated with aspects of frailty and may reflect impaired physiological regulation. As frailty involves a cumulative decline in multiple physiological systems, we aimed to estimate the overall regulatory capacity by applying a principal component analysis to such variability. The variability of 20 blood-based parameters was evaluated as the log-transformed coefficient of variation (LCV) for one year’s worth of data from 580 hemodialysis patients. All the LCVs were positively correlated with each other and shared common characteristics. In a principal component analysis of 19 LCVs, the first principal component (PC1) explained 27.7% of the total variance, and the PC1 score exhibited consistent correlations with diverse negative health indicators, including diabetes, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, and relative hypocreatininemia. The relationship between the PC1 score and frailty was subsequently examined in a subset of the subjects. The PC1 score was associated with the prevalence of frailty and was an independent predictor for frailty (odds ratio per SD: 2.31, P = 0.01) using a multivariate logistic regression model, which showed good discrimination (c-statistic: 0.85). Therefore, the PC1 score represents principal information shared by biomarker variabilities and is a reasonable measure of homeostatic dysregulation and frailty.
Unique Genetic Characteristics and Clinical Prognosis of Female Patients with Lung Cancer Harboring RET Fusion Gene
Authors: Qiu Zhixin , Ye Bingwei , Wang Ke , Zhou Ping , Zhao Shuang , Li Weimin , Tian Panwen
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Since no report on the genetic characteristics of RET fusions in female patients with lung cancer is available, this study revealed the genetic and prognostic characteristics of female patients with lung cancer harboring RET fusion gene for the first time. Materials and Methods: The molecular portfolios of 1,652 patients with lung cancer who underwent targeted next-generation sequencing for screening candidate oncogenic drivers in their histological specimens from January 2016 to December 2018 were investigated in this study. Results: RET fusions were identified in 23 cases, 15 females [2.2% (15/685)] and eight males [0.9% (8/902)]. The most common fusions were KIF5B–RET in females [80% (12/15)] and CCDC6–RET in males [50% (4/8)], along with some rare RET fusions, including SLC39A8–RET, ITIH2–RET, FYCO1–RET and SLC25A36–RET in females, and MIR3924–RET, ZBTB41–RET and ITGA8–RET in males. Interestingly, the highly positive, moderate positive, and negative rates of PD–L1 staining in females were 33.3%, 8.3% and 58.3%, respectively; whereas those in males were 0%, 57.1% and 42.9%. Additionally, the progression-free survival (PFS) of stage IV patients was comparatively shorter in females, shown by the medians of 4.0 months in females and 6.0 months in males (P = 0.029). A 43-year-old female patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, who harbored KIF5B–RET fusion and had highly positive PD–L1 staining, received nivolumab as second-line treatment. A partial response was achieved and remained for more than five months. Conclusion: Unique genetic characteristics and poor prognosis are found in female patients with lung cancer harboring RET fusion gene. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a potential option for patients with high expression of PD–L1.
Sexual differences in age-dependent survival and life span of adults in a natural butterfly population
Authors: Sielezniew Marcin , Kostro-Ambroziak Agata , Kőrösi Ádám
Published: June 2020

Adult survival and longevity in insects are key life-history traits, but their variation between sexes and individuals in natural populations is largely unexplored. Sexual divergence in senescence, the decline in survival with age is also poorly understood. Based on an intensive mark-recapture dataset of the butterflyPolyommatus daphnis, we aimed to assess whether adult survival is age-dependent, and to estimate life span distribution and abundance of males and females using Cormack-Jolly-Seber and Jolly-Seber models. Female survival slightly increased with date of emergence and slightly decreased with age, while male survival considerably declined with age. Mean life span of females (12.7 days) was ~50% higher than that of males (8.5 days), but two times higher if only the oldest 5% of each sex was considered (39 vs.19 days). Abundance of females (358 ± 14) and males (359 ± 11) was similar, but peak abundance of males preceded that of females by 11 days. Our results suggest that senescence is much more rapid in males than in females in this butterfly, which is in agreement with sexual selection theory. We also conclude that estimating life span distributions provides much more valuable information on the demography of natural populations than simply reporting the mean life span.
Intraocular pressure-lowering effects of ripasudil in uveitic glaucoma, exfoliation glaucoma, and steroid-induced glaucoma patients: ROCK-S, a multicentre historical cohort study
Authors: Futakuchi Akiko , Morimoto Takeshi , Ikeda Yoko , Tanihara Hidenobu , Inoue Toshihiro ,   ROCK-S study group collaborators, Aihara Makoto , Arimura Shogo , Fukuchi Takeo , Higashide Tomomi , Honjo Megumi , Inatani Masaru , Inoue Kenji , Ishida Kyoko , Ishikawa Makoto , Iwao Keiichiro , Kakimoto Hiroshi , Kawase Kazuhide , Kimura Akitoshi , Kinoshita Shigeru , Kiuchi Yoshiaki , Kokubun Taiki , Maekawa Shigeto , Miyata Kazunori , Mori Kazuhiko , Nakakura Shunsuke , Nakamura Natsuko , Nakamura Makoto , Nakazawa Toru , Namba Kenichi , Nishida Takashi , Ohguro Nobuyuki , Ohtani Shinichiro , Okumichi Hideaki , Sakamoto Mari , Sawada Akira , Shiokawa Minako , Sotozono Chie , Suetake Aki , Sugiyama Kazuhisa , Takemoto Yuko , Tokumo Kana , Tomita Goji , Tsuzaki Satsuki , Udagawa Sachiko , Ueno Morio , Yokoyama Yu , Yoshitomi Takeshi , Yuasa Yuki
Published: June 2020

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ripasudil for treatment of secondary glaucoma, a historical cohort study was conducted at 18 centres in Japan. Adults (age ≥20 years) who needed additional IOP reduction and received topical 0.4% ripasudil between 2014 and 2018 due to three secondary glaucoma subtypes, including uveitic glaucoma (UG), exfoliation glaucoma (EG) or steroid-induced glaucoma (SG) were assessed for mean IOP change from baseline prior to additional treatment with ripasudil. We further evaluated the IOP change in each glaucoma subtype, baseline characteristics of each cohort, course of uveitis-induced inflammation in UG eyes, and proportion of patients in each cohort with adverse events. In 332 eyes from 332 patients eligible for this study, the mean overall IOP reductions from baseline at 1, 3, and 6 months were −5.86 ± 9.04 mmHg (−19.4 ± 25.1%), −6.18 ± 9.03 mmHg (−20.0 ± 27.1%), and −7.00 ± 8.60 mmHg (−23.4 ± 25.6%), respectively. These changes were all statistically significant. Of 332 eyes, 109 eyes had UG, 181 had EG, and 42 eyes had SG. The IOP-lowering effects of ripasudil in UG and SG were significantly greater than those of EG at every time point. This finding could have been related to higher baseline IOP levels in UG and SG. UG patients exhibited significant decreases in mean cell score of the anterior segment after ripasudil treatment. No severe adverse events were reported. These findings suggest that treatment with ripasudil is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for IOP reduction in secondary glaucoma.
Switch of macrophage fusion competency by 3D matrices
Authors: Fang Josephine Y. , Yang Zhi , Han Bo
Published: June 2020

Foreign body reaction reflects the integration between biomaterials and host cells. At the implantation microenvironment, macrophages usually fuse into multinuclear cells, also known as foreign body giant cells, to respond to the biomaterial implants. To understand the biomaterial-induced macrophage fusion, we examined whether biomaterial alone can initiate and control the fusion rate without exogenous cytokines and chemicals. We introduced a collagen-based 3D matrix to embed Raw264.7 cell line and primary rat bone marrow-derived macrophages. We found the biomaterial-stimuli interacted regional macrophages and altered the overall fusogenic protein expressions to regulate the macrophage fusion rate. The fusion rate could be altered by modulating the cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions. The fused macrophage morphologies, the nuclei number in the fused macrophage, and the fusion rates were matrix dependent. The phenomena were also observed in thein vivomodels. These results suggest that the biomaterial-derived stimuli exert similar functions as cytokines to alter the competency of macrophage fusion as well as their drug sensitivity in the biomaterial implanted tissue environment. Furthermore, thisin vitro3D-matrix model has the potential to serve as a toolbox to predict the host tissue response on implanted biomaterials.
Impact failure in two silicates revealed by ultrafast, in situ, synchrotron X-ray microscopy
Authors: Bourne N. K. , Mirihanage W. U. , Olbinado M. P. , Rack A. , Rau C.
Published: June 2020

To travel safely behind screens that can protect us from stones and hail, we must understand the response of glass to impact. However, without a means to observe the mechanisms that fail different silicate architectures, engineering has relied on external sensors, post-impact examination and best-guess to glaze our vehicles. We have used single and multi-bunch, X-ray imaging to differentiate distinct phases of failure in two silicates. We identified distinct micromechanisms, operating in tandem and leading to failure in borosilicate glass and Z-cut quartz. A surface zone in the amorphous glass densifies before bulk fracture occurs and then fails the block, whilst in quartz, fast cracks, driven down cleavage planes, fails the bulk. Varying the rate at which ejecta escapes by using different indenter tip geometries controls the failed target’s bulk strength. This opens the way to more physically based constitutive descriptions for the glasses allowing design of safer, composite panels by controlling the impulses felt by protective screens.
Additive clinical impact of epidermal growth factor receptor and podocalyxin-like protein expression in pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinomas
Authors: Heby Margareta , Karnevi Emelie , Elebro Jacob , Nodin Björn , Eberhard Jakob , Saukkonen Kapo , Hagström Jaana , Mustonen Harri , Seppänen Hanna , Haglund Caj , Jirström Karin , Larsson Anna H.
Published: June 2020

The outcome of periampullary adenocarcinomas remains poor with few treatment options. Podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL) is an anti-adhesive protein, the high expression of which has been shown to confer a poor prognosis in numerous malignancies. A correlation and adverse prognostic synergy between PODXL and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been observed in colorectal cancer. Here, we investigated whether this also applies to periampullary adenocarcinomas. We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of PODXL and EGFR in tissue microarrays with tumors from two patient cohorts; (Cohort 1, n = 175) and (Cohort 2, n = 189). The effect of TGF-β-induced expression and siRNA-mediated knockdown of PODXL and EGFR, were investigated in pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) in vitro. We found a correlation between PODXL and EGFR in these cancers, and a synergistic adverse effect on survival. Furthermore, silencing PODXL in pancreatic cancer cells resulted in the down-regulation of EGFR, but not vice versa. Consequently, these findings suggest a functional link between PODXL and EGFR, and the potential combined utility as biomarkers possibly improving patient stratification. Further studies examining the mechanistic basis underlying these observations may open new avenues of targeted treatment options for subsets of patients affected by these particularly aggressive cancers.
Elemental characterization of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship with smoking, prognosis and survival
Authors: Archanjo Anderson Barros , Assis Arícia Leone Evangelista Monteiro d , Oliveira Mayara Mota de , Mendes Suzanny Oliveira , Borçoi Aline Ribeiro , Maia Lucas de Lima , Souza Rafael Pereira de , Cicco Rafael de , Saito Kelly Cristina , Kimura Edna Teruko , Carvalho Marcos Brasilino de , Nunes Fabio Daumas , Tajara Eloiza H. , Santos Marcelo dos , Nogueira Breno Valentim , Trivilin Leonardo Oliveira , Pinheiro Christiano Jorge Gomes , Álvares-da-Silva Adriana Madeira
Published: June 2020

Oral cancer squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) mainly affects individuals aged between 50 and 70 years who consume tobacco and alcohol. Tobacco smoke contains hundreds of known toxic and carcinogenic molecules, and a few studies have sought to verify the relationship of such trace elements as risk or prognostic factors for head and neck cancer. We obtained 78 samples of tumor tissues from patients with OCSCC, and performed a qualitative elemental characterization using the micro X-Ray Fluorescence technique based on synchrotron radiation. We found the presence of magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, zinc, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic and bromine in OCSCC samples. Magnesium, chlorine, chromium, manganese, nickel, arsenic and bromine are associated with smoking. We observed a significant association between relapse and chlorine and chromium. The presence of chlorine in the samples was an independent protective factor against relapse (OR = 0.105, CI = 0.01–0.63) and for best disease-free survival (HR = 0.194, CI = 0.04–0.87). Reporting for the first time in oral cancer, these results suggest a key relationship between smoking and the presence of certain elements. In addition, chlorine proved to be important in the context of patient prognosis and survival.
Sustaining temporal attention prevents habit expression during operant learning in rats
Authors: Lin Ziqiao , Nishikawa Hiromi , Iguchi Yoshio , Iwanami Akira , Kikuchi Mitsuru , Toda Shigenobu
Published: June 2020

As repeated operant performance promotes the transition from goal-directed action to habitual response, it appears that action-outcome contingency learning precedes and is necessary for the transition. Meanwhile, it is known that operant performance under a fixed interval (FI) schedule, in which the timing of reinforcement is predictable, is resistant to habit. However, the reason why the FI schedule prevents habit expression remains unclear. We reasoned that sustained attention for monitoring a certain interval might require a goal-directed process and prevent the transition. To verify this hypothesis, rats underwent FI schedule operant training while auditory cues were provided in a manner either contingent or non-contingent with the timing of lever pressing to obtain a reward. The subjects developed a habit with contingent cues, but not with either non-contingent cues or no cues. Overall, we conclude that the release from sustained attentional burden allows the expression of habit. (147 words)
Little–Parks effect governed by magnetic nanostructures with out-of-plane magnetization
Authors: de Ory M. C. , Rollano V. , Gomez A. , Menghini M. , Muñoz-Noval A. , Gonzalez E. M. , Vicent J. L.
Published: June 2020

Little–Parks effect names the oscillations in the superconducting critical temperature as a function of the magnetic field. This effect is related to the geometry of the sample. In this work, we show that this effect can be enhanced and manipulated by the inclusion of magnetic nanostructures with perpendicular magnetization. These magnetic nanodots generate stray fields with enough strength to produce superconducting vortex–antivortex pairs. So that, the L–P effect deviation from the usual geometrical constrictions is due to the interplay between local magnetic stray fields and superconducting vortices. Moreover, we compare our results with a low-stray field sample (i.e. with the dots in magnetic vortex state) showing how the enhancement of the L–P effect can be explained by an increment of the effective size of the nanodots.
Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Kernia and Acaulium
Authors: Su Lei , Zhu Hua , Niu Yongchun , Guo Yaxi , Du Xiaopeng , Guo Jianguo , Zhang Ling , Qin Chuan
Published: June 2020

The genera Kernia and Acaulium comprise species commonly isolated from dung, soil, decaying meat and skin of animal. The taxonomy of these fungi has been controversial and relies mainly on morphological criteria. With the aim to clarify the taxonomy and phylogeny of these fungi, we studied all the available ex-type strains of a large set of species by means of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the partial 28S rDNA (LSU) showed that the genera Kernia and Acaulium were found to be separated in two distinct lineages in Microascaceae. Based on morphological characters and multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the ITS, LSU, translation elongation factor 1α and β-tubulin genes, the species in Kernia and Acaulium were well separated and two new combinations are introduced, i.e. Acaulium peruvianum and Acaulium retardatum, a new species of Kernia is described, namely Kernia anthracina. Descriptions of the phenotypic features and molecular phylogeny for identification are discussed for accepted species in two genera in this study.
Quantitative trait loci and genes associated with salmonid alphavirus load in Atlantic salmon: implications for pancreas disease resistance and tolerance
Authors: Aslam M. L. , Robledo D. , Krasnov A. , Moghadam H. K. , Hillestad B. , Houston R. D. , Baranski M. , Boison S. , Robinson N. A.
Published: June 2020

Salmonid alphavirus infection results in pancreas disease causing severe economic losses for Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Knowledge about genes and pathways contributing to resistance is limited. A 54 K SNP panel was used to genotype 10 full-sibling families each consisting of ~ 110 offspring challenged with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3. Relative heart viral load was assessed at 4- and 10-weeks post-infection using quantitative PCR. A moderate genomic heritability of viral load at 4 weeks (0.15–0.21) and a high positive correlation with survival (0.91–0.98) were detected. Positions of QTL detected on chromosome 3 matched those for survival detected by other studies. The SNP of highest significance occurred in the 3′ untranslated region of gig1, a fish-specific antiviral effector. Locus B of immunoglobulin heavy chain mapped to an area containing multiple SNPs with genome-wide association. Heart mRNA-seq comparing parr from families with high- versus low-genomic breeding value, and matching sample genotypes for SNPs, identified two eQTL for salmonid alphavirus load. Immune genes associated with trans-eQTL were numerous and spread throughout the genome. QTL regions contained several genes with known or predicted immune functions, some differentially expressed. The putative functional genes and variants identified could help improve marker-based selection for pancreas disease resistance.
Identification and characterization of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the developing seeds of Jatropha curcas
Authors: Yan Xihuan , Ma Lanqing , Yang MingFeng
Published: June 2020

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in plant development. However, the information of lncRNAs in Jatropha curcas remains largely unexplored. Thus, an attempt has been made in J. curcas to identify 1,850 lncRNAs based on deep sequencing of developing seeds at three typical stages. About ten percent lncRNAs (196 lncRNAs) were differentially expressed lncRNAs during seed developing process. Together with reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR, the lncRNA expression analyses revealed the stage-specific expression patterns of some novel lncRNAs in J. curcas. The target genes of lncRNAs were annotated for their roles in various biological processes such as gene expression, metabolism, and cell growth. Besides, 10 lncRNAs were identified as the precursors of microRNAs and 26 lncRNAs were predicted to be the targets of Jatropha miRNAs. A total of 31 key lncRNAs play critical roles in the seed developing process in the context of cell growth and development, lipid metabolism, and seed maturation. Our study provides the first systematic study of lncRNAs in the developing seeds of J. curcas and facilitates the functional research of plant lncRNAs and the regulation of seed development.
Author Correction: Genome defense against integrated organellar DNA fragments from plastids into plant nuclear genomes through DNA methylation
Authors: Yoshida Takanori , Furihata Hazuka Y. , To Taiko Kim , Kakutani Tetsuji , Kawabe Akira
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Computational study on the mechanisms and kinetics of the CH2BrO2 + ClO reaction in the atmosphere
Authors: Zhang Yunju , Tang Yizhen , He Bing
Published: June 2020

The singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces for the CH2BrO2 + ClO reaction are studied at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level.
An N-linked disalicylaldehyde together with its caesium ion and dichloromethane sensing performances: ‘dual key & lock’ LMCT-enhanced fluorescence strategy
Authors: Zhang Kun , Chen Ting-Ting , Shen Yin-Jing , Yang Zhuo-Ran , Huang Yan , Zhang Shishen , Xue Jiadan , Li Benxia
Published: June 2020

The disalicylaldehyde-Cs+sensing system, a novel approach for quick and reusable detection of Cs+together with convenient CH2Cl2monitoring.
Investigation of heart lipid changes in acute β-AR activation-induced sudden cardiac death by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Lou Jia-Qian , Cao Yue , Yu You-Jia , Hu Li , Mao Zheng-Sheng , Huang Ping , Hua Xin , Chen Feng
Published: June 2020

ToF-SIMS, PCA and PLS-DA were combined to compare lipid profiles of myocardial tissue in sudden cardiac death and normal, mice and humans. SIMS imaging was utilized to correlate the composition and structural changes.
Theranostic supramolecular polymers formed by the self-assembly of a metal-chelating prodrug
Authors: Su Hao , Cui Yonggang , Wang Feihu , Zhang Weijie , Zhang Chunli , Wang Rongfu , Cui Honggang
Published: June 2020

The direct linkage of two camptothecin moieties to a metal chelator creates a self-assembling prodrug capable of associating in aqueous solution into theranostic supramolecular polymers.
Photoexcited energy relaxation and vibronic couplings in π-conjugated carbon nanorings
Authors: Rodríguez-Hernández B. , Oldani N. , Martínez-Mesa A. , Uranga-Piña L. , Tretiak S. , Fernandez-Alberti S.
Published: June 2020

Electronic energy relaxation takes place through specific sets of active normal modes within similar narrow ranges of middle- to high-frequencies.
Internal conversion and intersystem crossing dynamics of uracil upon double thionation: a time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy study in the gas phase
Authors: Mohamadzade Abed , Ullrich Susanne
Published: June 2020

Gas-phase photophysics of 2,4-dithiouracil studied by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy.
Kinetics mechanism insights into the oxygen evolution reaction on the (110) and (022) crystal facets of β-Cu2V2O7
Authors: Guo Wenlong , Lian Xin
Published: June 2020

We study the kinetics mechanism for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the (110) and (022) facets of β-Cu2V2O7 using the density functional theory and find that the (110) orientation is more OER active than (022).
Exploring the impact of synthetic strategies on catalytic cracking in hierarchical beta zeolites via hydrothermal desilication and organosilane-templated synthesis
Authors: Zhang Ke , Fernandez Sergio , Converse Elisha S. , Kobaslija Sarah
Published: June 2020

Hierarchical zeolites can be synthesized by different strategies, resulting in the creation of mesoporosity with different configurations (inter-crystalline or intra-crystalline) in addition to unique porous and catalytic properties.
Strong structural phase sensitive rare-earth photoluminescence color flips in KLaF4:RE3+ (RE3+ = Eu3+, Er3+/Yb3+) nanocrystals
Authors: Bajaj Rajat , Gupta Mohini , Nagarajan R. , Rao A. S. , Vijaya Prakash G.
Published: June 2020

Systematic and strong rare-earth photoluminescence (PL) color flips that are highly sensitive to structural phase transformation in KLaF4:RE3+ (RE3+ = Eu3+, Er3+/Yb3+) nanocrystals are demonstrated.
Synthesis, crystal structures, photophysical, electrochemical studies, DFT and TD-DFT calculations and Hirshfeld analysis of new 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine ligands with pendant 4′-(trimethoxyphenyl) groups and their homoleptic ruthenium complexes
Authors: Ramesh Golla , P. Raghavendra Kumar , Pillegowda Manohar , Periyasamy Ganga , Suchetan P. A. , Butcher R. J. , Foro Sabine , Nagaraju G.
Published: June 2020

[Ru(L1)2](PF6)2 (1) and [Ru(L2)2](PF6)2 (2): X-ray structures, CH⋯F/O, OH⋯F/N, CH⋯O/π, π⋯π interactions, absorption and emission spectra, DFT/TD-DFT, Hirshfeld analysis.
Rapid colorimetric sensing of ascorbic acid based on the excellent peroxidase-like activity of Pt deposited on ZnCo2O4 spheres
Authors: Yin Dexin , Cao Xiaoyan , Liu Xiangwei , Yang Zhou , Liu Zhenxue , Wang Dongmei , Liu Qingyun , Zhang Xianxi , Zhang Xiao
Published: June 2020

Pt/ZnCo2O4 composites were firstly found to act as artificial peroxidases and used to construct colorimetric sensing platforms for detecting H2O2 and ascorbic acid.
Construction of chiral chroman scaffolds via catalytic asymmetric (4 + 2) cyclizations of para-quinone methide derivatives with 3-vinylindoles
Authors: Wu Shu-Fang , Tu Man-Su , Hang Qing-Qing , Zhang Shu , Ding Haixia , Zhang Yu-Chen , Shi Feng
Published: June 2020

The title reaction has been established in the presence of chiral phosphoric acid, affording chiral chroman derivatives bearing an indole moiety in high yields and with moderate to good stereoselectivities.
Textile materials inspired by structural colour in nature
Authors: Jones Celina , Wortmann Franz J. , Gleeson Helen F. , Yeates Stephen G.
Published: June 2020

The concept of mimicking structural colour in nature as an alternative to traditional textile coloration techniques would reduce dependency on dyes, pigments and vast quantities of water in the textile supply chain.
Molecular chirality mediated amyloid formation on phospholipid surfaces
Authors: Wang Xue , Wang Cunli , Chu Huiying , Qin Haijuan , Wang Dongdong , Xu Feifei , Ai Xuanjun , Quan Chunshan , Li Guohui , Qing Guangyan
Published: June 2020

A remarkable inhibition effect and chiral discrimination are observed when the amyloid peptide aggregates on chiral phospholipid surfaces.
High-loaded single Cu atoms decorated on N-doped graphene for boosting Fenton-like catalysis under neutral pH
Authors: Wu Qianyuan , Wang Jin , Wang Zhiwei , Xu Yalan , Xing Zhihui , Zhang Xinyang , Guan Yuntao , Liao Guangfu , Li Xinzheng
Published: June 2020

A single-atom Cu dispersed on N-doped graphene with ultrahigh Cu loading of 5.8 wt% was prepared for boosting the degradation of contaminants.
Halogen regulation of inorganic perovskites toward robust triboelectric nanogenerators and charging polarity series
Authors: Yu Xueping , Wang Yudi , Zhang Jihua , Duan Jialong , Yang Xiya , Liu Liming , Tang Qunwei
Published: June 2020

CsPbX3(X = Cl−, Br−, I−) halide perovskites are investigated focusing on their triboelectric charging behaviors. A modified series containing inorganic perovskites is established with the order of CsPbBr3, CsPbI2Br, and CsPbCl3 from negative to positive.
An “inverted load” strategy to fabricate interface-optimized flexible electrodes with superior electrochemical performance and ultrastability
Authors: Sun Ying , Yang Ying , Li Ning-Bo , Wang Meng , Chen Xu-Man , Huang Shuai , Yang Hong
Published: June 2020

An “inverted load” strategy for interface optimization has been proposed to fabricate flexible electrode with superior electrochemical performance and ultrastability.
Robotic scanning technology for laser pulse‐echo inspection
Authors: Lee S. , Hyun J.‐M. , Ahmed H. , Lee J.‐R.
Published: June 2020

The full‐field pulse‐echo ultrasonic propagation imaging (PE UPI) system using a two‐axis linear stage has been successfully used to perform a non‐destructive evaluation of flat specimens. This study used a six‐axis robot arm to develop a robotic scanning algorithm that can be applied to the laser pulse‐echo inspection of non‐flat objects. The robotic PE UPI system was constructed and verified for both flat and curved specimens. The internal structures and defects of a honeycomb sandwich plate and a glass‐fibre‐reinforced polymer specimen were visualised by the robotic PE UPI system. The quality of the evaluation of the flat specimen was equivalent to that of a two‐axis linear system, and the result of the curved specimen showed improvement compared to that of the linear system. The ability of the robotic scanning technique to evaluate the structural health performance of arbitrarily shaped surfaces was validated.
Built‐in bias fields for retention stabilisation in hafnia‐based ferroelectric tunnel junctions
Authors: Max B. , Hoffmann M. , Slesazeck S. , Mikolajick T.
Published: June 2020

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions have recently attracted a lot of research interest, not only for memory operation but also for e.g. neuromorphic computing. Retention characteristics of these devices are of utmost importance in many applications. The authors have recently demonstrated the feasibility of double‐layered ferroelectric tunnel junctions where the ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide acts as the memory layer and the dielectric aluminium oxide as the tunnelling barrier. The depolarisation field from the unscreened polarisation charges that is introduced by this structure causes serious limitations on the retention behaviour due to the unintentional back‐switching of ferroelectric domains. This leads to a diminishing memory window over time. By using a built‐in bias field from different work function metal electrodes, in this case platinum and titanium nitride with 0.85 eV difference, one can shift the polarisation hysteresis curve and counteract the electric depolarisation field. This leads to a more stable on‐current over time while only marginally increasing the off‐current degradation. Extrapolation to ten years shows a much larger memory window compared to the symmetric metal electrode structure.
Study on the scheme‐design framework and service‐business case of product service system oriented by customer value
Authors: Zhang Zhongfei , Qu Ting , Li Hao , Huang George Q.
Published: June 2020

As the market competition is becoming fierce, to obtain long‐term profits for manufacturing enterprises, under the high‐frequency dynamic customer needs (CNs), many manufacturing enterprises have to transform from product manufacturers to industrial product–service providers. The product–service system (PSS) is the key to spur manufacturing companies to move from the design and production of a single product to the design and manufacture of an overall solution (including products and services). Because of the shortcomings of the current research, a customer value‐oriented PSS overall scheme‐design framework is proposed. On this basis, a customer value hierarchy model, value model, function model, and scheme model are established. The multi‐level mapping of CNs information to product–service solutions was realised, and the leading key technologies of scheme design of the PSS were proposed. Finally, according to the different scheme‐design implementation models, various service‐business cases are analysed, which can provide a reference value for the research of the scheme design of the PSS.
Energy management strategy with two degrees of freedom for hybrid energy storage systems in islanded DC microgrids
Authors: Zhang Yuhan , Du Guiping , Lei Yanxiong
Published: June 2020

In this study, a novel energy management strategy (EMS) with two degrees of freedom is proposed for hybrid energy storage systems consisting of supercapacitor (SC) and battery in islanded microgrids. The proposal introduces two degrees of freedom including an adaptive high‐pass filter cut‐off frequency f c and a charge/discharge coefficient k b, according to the SC and battery state of charge (SOC), respectively. The f c regulates SC current in the transient process and the k b controls battery current in the steady‐state. Therefore, appropriate power distribution that the SC suppresses the transient power fluctuations while the battery supports average power demand is realised, over‐charging, and over‐discharging are avoided and the current stress of the battery during the shut‐down process is reduced. Moreover, three operation modes for isolated DC microgrids, comprising power‐sharing mode, battery‐only mode, and extreme mode are demonstrated. Hence, the DC microgrid can remain stable for the whole time, achieve seamless transitions from the power‐sharing mode to the two others, and provide faster SOC recovery of the SC. The effectiveness of the proposed EMS is validated by experimental studies with a prototype of the simplified DC microgrid.