bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mary and the Lady Lansdowne
Authors: Stammers Michael K.
Published: January 2020

Besides his other scholarly achievements, Peter Davies has played an important role in the study and management of Liverpool's underwater maritime heritage. He has served as the northwestern adviser to the Council for Nautical Archaeology and has represented Liverpool at international conferences of this new discipline. His two most significant achievements are the excavations of the Royal Yacht ...
The Making of a Maritime Firm: The Rise of Fearnley and Eger, 1869-1917
Authors: Fischer Lewis R. , Fon Anders M.
Published: January 2020

On 12 February 1869 Thomas Fearnley, a twenty-eight year-old Norwegian recently returned from abroad, dispatched a circular letter to a number of contacts both within and without Norway announcing that he was establishing a “chartering and agency business” in Christiania (Oslo).2 While the notice did not state explicitly that the new enterprise would specialise in shipping-related activities, prescient observers certainly could have made the inference. One clue was in the two references that Fearnley chose: N.A. Andresen and Company, Christiania bankers who also owned ships, a forwarding agency and a soap factory, and Rücker Offor and Company, London shipbrokers. The second clue had to do with what Thomas Fearnley had been doing for the previous four and one-half years. During that time he had been ...
Maritime Labour in Early Modern Spain
Authors: Phillips Carla Rahn
Published: January 2020

Carla Rahn Phillips considers the market for maritime labour in early-modern Spain, finding that despite the necessity of sailors and existence of the market, wages remained low and skilled maritime labourers did not have bargaining power, rendering the system inefficient.
Mariners and Markets in the Age of Sail: The Case of the Netherlands
Authors: Royen Paul C. van
Published: January 2020

Paul van Royen focusses on seventeenth and eighteenth century Netherlands, and finds the organisations functioned well but enable huge discrepancies in wages.
“Advance Notes” and the Recruitment of Maritime Labour in Britain in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Williams David M.
Published: January 2020

David Williams discusses the emergence on the advance note and the tremendous influence it had on market behaviour, indicating inefficient markets.
The Efficiency of Maritime Labour Markets in the Age of Sail: The Post-1850 Norwegian Experience
Authors: Fischer Lewis R.
Published: January 2020

Lewis R. Fischer addresses the imbalance of wages in Norwegian maritime markets and finds that despite the integration from local to regional markets, the system remained inefficient.
The Danish Maritime Labour Market, 1880-1900
Authors: Hahn-Pedersen Morten , Holm Pout
Published: January 2020

Morten Hahn-Pedersen and Poul Holm consider the fishing and shipping markets in Denmark and believe the wage inconsistencies reflect an inefficient system.
Edge
Authors: Murray Levine Alison J.
Published: January 2020

This chapter presents three films that deal with homelessness and migration: Qu’ils reposent en révolte (Sylvain George, 2011) about migrants in Calais; Au bord du monde/On the Edge of the World (Claus Drexel, 2014) on homeless people in central Paris; and La Permanence/On Call (Alice Diop, 2016), which depicts a free medical clinic in Bobigny. In all of these films, the protagonists live at the metaphorical edge of society, and some walk other edges as well, between life and death, between physical and mental illness and health. These three directors explore what happens at these edges, far outside the realm of direct experience for most documentary film viewers. They follow characters to physical and geographical edges—national borders, riverbanks, beaches, and roadsides—and invite viewers to tiptoe up to those edges and feel the danger they pose. The films create film spaces, if ephemeral ones, where these rootless individuals do belong, where they can emerge as individuals, and where there is a potential for experiential and ecological connection with the viewer.
The Communism of Thought
Authors: May Adrian
Published: January 2020

Several important Lignes dossiers in the 1990s retraced the political activities of Robert Antelme, Dionys Mascolo and Maurice Blanchot in the 1950s and 1960s. This chapter restores the narrative of intellectual engagement traced by these significant collections and demonstrates the influence of these figures on the cultural politics and intellectual community of Lignes. Following their radicalisation during the French resistance, Antelme and Mascolo joined the French Communist Party after World War Two, participated in anti-colonial initiatives, recruited Maurice Blanchot to protest the return of Charles de Gaulle to power and the continuing Algerian War, and participated in the events of May 1968. Between Blanchot and Mascolo, two differing vectors of intellectual engagement, one more theoretical and literary and the other more stridently Marxist and materialist, are expounded. Lastly, the influence of Mascolo’s Le 14 Juillet, Blanchot’s Revue internationale and Philippe Sollers’ Tel Quel on Lignes is examined, and Michel Surya’s theorisation of the relationship between literature and politics is described with reference to Bernard Noël.
Immoral, Impure, Atheist Artists?
Authors: May Adrian
Published: January 2020

This chapter identifies the literary neo-Nietzschean critical ethos that defined the review from its opening issues, whilst also tracing how this ethos shifted in response to changes in the French social and political climate. The review’s progressive emphasis on anti-essentialist and post-foundational thought is contrasted to the return to Enlightenment thought, French values and communicational rationality proposed by Jürgen Habermas and Alain Finkielkraut. In contrast to the more abstract, conceptual emphasis of Derridean deconstruction, the review’s materialist approach to literary writing is demonstrated with particular reference to the works of Jean-Noël Vuarnet and Michel Surya. The review’s early, staunch secularism is then seen to become more tempered after scandals surrounding Islamic headscarves, laïcité, and the terrorist threats made towards Salman Rushdie, Taslima Nasreen, Robert Redeker and Charlie Hebdo, as the review refuses to be drawn into outright condemnation of France’s stigmatised Muslim minority. Lastly, the review’s Nietzschean stress on amoral philosophy is seen to be more responsible than nihilistic when placed in the context of shifting social mores, especially regarding changing philosophical perspectives on paedophilia.
Introduction
Authors: Flewelling Lindsey
Published: January 2020

This chapter provides a brief introduction to the two strands of history that intersect throughout Two Irelands beyond the Sea: the histories of Irish unionism and Irish-America. The chapter lays forth the book’s central argument, that the reciprocal relationship between Irish unionism and the United States must be understood as part of a wider appreciation of the unionist movement in the Home Rule era. Moreover, the United States greatly influenced the ways in which Irish unionists conceived of themselves and of their own movement, through both their conflicted attempts to gain American support and their use of the United States and Scotch-Irish identity symbolically in their fight against Home Rule. The chapter also argues that the links between Protestant Irish-America and Ireland are a key part of understanding the development of Scotch-Irish ethnic organizations in this time period.
The Third Home Rule Crisis, the First World War, and Partition
Authors: Flewelling Lindsey
Published: January 2020

This chapter analyses the third Home Rule crisis at the beginning of the twentieth century, as Irish unionism evolved to focus on a distinctive Ulster identity separate from the rest of Ireland. Militancy was increasingly open, partially justified a violent image of Irish-America which the unionists themselves had created. Next, the chapter investigates the role of the United States in World War I-era Irish politics, which had the effect of increasing Ulster unionists’ sense that their loyalty to the British government had been betrayed. The unionist movement advanced during this period to become increasingly militant, focused in Ulster, and gradually accepting of partition. Unionists sought to discredit Irish-America and American government influence, and appeal to the American people to support their own movement.
Transatlantic Religious Connections
Authors: Flewelling Lindsey
Published: January 2020

By the Home Rule period, religion and politics were intertwined as essential components of Ulster’s relationship with the United States. This chapter illustrates the ways in which evangelical religion was utilized to help build a transatlantic religious community. Scotch-Irish and Ulster Scots connections were born out of religious associations. Ulster Protestants were inspired by the American Protestant religious example and critical of the roles of Catholics in American society. Irish Protestant churches called upon their American counterparts to support anti-Home Rule stances. As this chapter demonstrates, shared religious heritage was a defining feature of the Ulster unionist view of America throughout this era.
The Poetics of Anatomy
Authors: McKinstry Jamie
Published: January 2020

Jamie McKinstry examines the early modern history of anatomical dissection as an exploratory process of formalising knowledge and of encountering the unexpected within. The sixteenth-century journey inside the body has parallels, McKinstry argues, with the contemporaneous exploration of the New World and in Donne’s poetry he sees reflected a linked throwing-off of ignorance and an embracing of new physical metaphors.
Miserrimus Dexter
Authors: Angell Katherine
Published: January 2020

This essay focuses on the ‘monstrous’ deformities of Miserrimus Dexter in Wilkie Collins’s The Law and the Lady (1875) and their framing within the Victorian interest in teratology – the study of genital birth defects. Born without legs, Dexter is a taxonomical conundrum, positioned somewhere between subject and object and between madness and knowledge. His deformity is, as Katherine Angell makes clear, the object of scientific investigation, but it must also be interpreted in order to resolve the mystery at the heart of the novel’s plot. The dangerous knowledge that he possesses, which as much concerns his deformed body as the key to the novel’s mystery, threatens to exceed the symbolic order and thereby render questionable the ordering principles of science and medicine.
The Male Wound in Fin-de-Siècle Poetry
Authors: Parker Sarah
Published: January 2020

This essay fixes on the figure of Saint Sebastian as the ‘icon for the literally and metaphorically penetrable male body in the late nineteenth century’. Sarah Parker regards him as a focus for the aesthetic and decadent impulses of the fin de siècle, particularly appealing to non-heteronormative sexualities, but also as a contrasting exemplum for degeneration discourse. Sebastian’s prevalence in the literature of the late nineteenth century, Parker argues, codifies a nascent aesthetics of homosexual suffering while at the same time offering a provocative metaphorisation of sodomitic activity. It further articulates same-sex relationships with the religious tradition of suffering, producing strikingly eroticised poetry that fantasises about penetrating the wounds not only of Sebastian but also of Christ.
‘Human Nature is Remorseless’
Authors: Parui Avishek
Published: January 2020

Post-traumatic stress is the subject of Avishek Parui’s essay. For Parui the male body emerges in Woolf’s novel as ‘the site where the biopolitical gaze enacts its corrective measures and its heavy-handed censorship of deviance’, and the broken spirit and destroyed mind of Septimus Warren Smith are marginalised by clear social and medical discourses of ‘proper’ masculinity as defined by a militarised culture. Smith is subject to a very clear disciplinary regime that reminds him of his duty to be a man: Parui suggests that this brings about not just suppression but erasure of the emotional life, making Smith less, not more, of a man. Ultimately the essay suggests that Woolf’s treatment of this coerced manliness represents an epistemic shift towards the more conscious engagement with the dual functions of interior and exterior selfhood that characterised the twentieth century.
Metamorphosis
Authors: Coleman Deirdre
Published: January 2020

Chapter 1 explores how the natural history discourses of taxonomy and classification are linked to the discourses of human improvement, social rank, and order. Smeathman’s early years in Scarborough are recounted, together with his entry into the world of gentlemen collectors in London, presided over by Dru Drury. The uncertain meaning and status of natural history is discussed by way of the collectors’ rivalry and the many satires of Banks. Did science legitimize empire, or was it the other way around? And what is the link between collecting and territorial conquest? Finally, the popularity of travel books meant that Smeathman must protect his chief investment—the narrative of his tropical adventures.
Residence
Authors: Coleman Deirdre
Published: January 2020

Smeathman arrives at the Banana Islands and meets the Clevelands and Corkers, powerful mulatto chiefs. He describes various aspects of African life, from cures for exotic tropical diseases to African oratory and the Poro, West Africa’s secret society. He is inducted by the Clevelands to the landlord–stranger relationship, part of which involves him gifting to James Cleveland a fancy toy from London, an electrical machine. He establishes a reputation as a good doctor, visits the Plantains and the Sherbro, including Corker Town, the Kamaranka river, and Sherbro Island.
Conclusion: Legacies
Authors: Coleman Deirdre
Published: January 2020

Smeathman dies in London from a ‘putrid fever’ in July 1786. The Committee for the Black Poor sully his posthumous reputation, possibly because of his support for a mixed-race constitution in Sierra Leone. They fail to see that Smeathman’s scheme for commercial agriculture, powered by the labour of redeemed slaves, presented a small step forward in recasting the relationship between forced labour and empire. Smeathman’s essay on the West African termite has many afterlives, especially in terms of its engravings, but the big book on Africa and the West Indies—his ‘Voyages and Travels’—is never published.
Working with Maps
Authors: Olson Kory
Published: January 2020

In order to understand fully the proposed communication circuit between map maker and map reader, one may turn to a variety of tools, such as semiotics, the framework for my map image analysis. The investigation of colour, shapes, symbols, and text on maps of Third-Republic Paris help uncover underlying themes of modernity, stability, ease of movement, and growth. There are also benefits to be gained from working with maps. The visual nature of the medium has the potential to draw a reader’s eye much more effectively than pages and pages of black and white script. Beyond discourse, this chapter also investigates the changing role of the French state in the history of cartography. With a population that could more readily access and understand maps as the Third Republic progressed, cartography helped foster the growing field of French urbanism and planning. Furthermore, the government shifted from presenting what it had accomplished in Paris throughout the Third Republic to planning and managing its growth and state cartography needed to adapt. An investigation of historic cartographic colour printing techniques will show how this is done and support this book’s map analysis.
Creating Map Readers
Authors: Olson Kory
Published: January 2020

The loss to the cartographically proficient Prussian army in 1870 initiated a drive to introduce more geography and maps into French society. One way to do that was through education. Jules Ferry’s 1881 reforms made primary school laïque (secular), free, and obligatory. In addition, classrooms textbooks such as Fouillée’s Le Tour de la France par deux enfants taught the benefits of geography. This cartographic introduction provided immediate access to small, simple maps to millions for the first time, effectively democratizing them on a large scale. As Fouillée introduced maps to schoolchildren, Vidal de la Blache promoted physical geography in France, the study of which will improve topographical accuracy on future maps. as the French learned how to read cartographic documents as the Third Republic progressed, I look at the changing nature of map publishing at the end of the nineteenth century and how that transformation affected future cartographic products. Enhancements in technology facilitated a more robust cartographic publishing industry, one in which printing in colour became easier and less expensive and, as we see throughout the book, more prominent.
A New Way of Seeing Paris
Authors: Olson Kory
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines the century-long evolution of the Dépôt de la Guerre’s Carte d’état-major and subsequent Service géographique’s Carte de France. I focus more specifically on the army’s 1906 ‘Paris’ sheet (feuille XXIII_14), which documented the capital city within the greater Seine department. As the Dépôt de la Guerre became the Service géographique de l’armée, it decided to abandon the outdated état-major map for a new Carte de France. The Service géographique needed not only to portray the nation accurately, but do so in a manner that most citizens could understand. So even simple choices such as font and colour had significant impact on how people viewed and understood the national terrain. This Paris sheet was not only one of the best-recognized sheets from the series, it also presented the army’s, and by default the government’s, comprehensive view of the growing capital city, Feuille XXIII_14 served as part of the larger introduction to the nation of the new modified état-major that the Service géographique would be user-friendly and commercially viable. No longer portrayed by Alphand’s 1889 ‘Opérations des voiries’ as the isolated bourgeois ‘island,’ greater Paris has now breached the wall, fills the Seine department, and overflows into surrounding department.
The Beginning of French Urbanism
Authors: Olson Kory
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines Leon Jaussely’s 1919 Projet lauréat de la section générale du concours du plan d’extension de Paris (Plan d’extension) as a result of the 1919 loi Cornudet, which proposed that any French city with a population greater than 10,000 submit a ‘projet d’aménagement, d’embellissement et d’extension.’ The legislation grew in part from the influence of the Musée social movement, which became the focal point of studies of hygiene, social reform, and ultimately urbanism. The Musée social pushed for the better regulation of growth and the incorporation of more green space into French urban agglomerations. Jaussely joined with Roger-Henri Expert and Henri Sellier to submit their Projet lauréat, which won the première prime prize, Jaussely used the map to address what he, Expert, and Sellier wished to see in a modern French metropolis. Jaussely’s sizeable hand-painted Plan d’extension marks the beginning of modern urban planning in France. Jaussely incorporates recommendations healthy living environments for residents and visitors. New parks and cités jardins in the suburbs incorporate usable green space. In addition, new ports, aérogares, and rail stations on the agglomeration’s edge ensure ease of movement over the large expanse of territory.
The Rise of Suburban Paris
Authors: Olson Kory
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines the 1934 Carte générale de l’aménagement de la Région parisienne (Carte générale), a brightly-coloured, multi-page representation of Paris and its suburbs. Parliament passed ‘la loi du 14 mars 1932’ which officially defined ‘la région parisienne’ geographically as the area within a thirty-five-kilometre radius from the ‘parvis Notre Dame.’ A forty-member commission chose Prost’s Carte générale and named him Urbaniste en chef. Prost’s map, the last officially approved cartographic proposal for the capital under the Third Republic recognized the changing nature of early-twentieth century cities, where the automobile enhanced personal movement and overwhelmed nineteenth-century infrastructure. Reinforcing the desire to both know and control the growing region and address current transportation infrastructure inadequacies, Prost highlights new autoroutes and clearly delineates – geographically – where the region ends. Prost acknowledged the growing presence of the banlieue (suburb). He followed Jaussely’s lead and documented future development and existing green space. Prost also suggests controlling urban growth. This chapter investigates how Henri Prost’s Carte générale demonstrates the government’s desire to move beyond the ideals of urbanism in Jaussely’s 1919 Plan. Prost provides a much more realistic plan to address the region’s needs.
Toward a Multicultural Ethics and Decolonial Meta-Identity in the Work of Fernando Sylvan
Authors: Silva Daniel F.
Published: January 2020

This chapter seeks to flesh out Sylvan’s stance against Empire by interfacing his essayistic production with his poetry. For instance, in his O Racismo da Europa e a Paz no Mundo, written during the heightened period of anti-colonial struggle in Africa and Asia, Sylvan offers a theorization and cursory genealogy of European and European-American global hegemony, ranging from the European historicization of itself as ‘the standard civilization,’ the fantasy of European superiority, and its resignification of difference in order to retain the balance of global power. This chapter thus contextualizes Sylvan’s anti-imperial thought with that of postcolonial and decolonial thinkers such as Frantz Fanon, Aimé Césaire, and Enrique Dussel; in addition to elaborating the points where Sylvan’s thought further problematizes and contributes to the theorization of contemporary global power.
Spectrality as Decolonial Narrative Device for Colonial Experience in António Lobo Antunes’s O Esplendor de Portugal
Authors: Silva Daniel F.
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores how O Esplendor de Portugal by António Lobo Antunes deploys spectrality as a consistent and developed narrative device – an aesthetic mode of narrating colonial experience and subjectivities ensnared within imperial discourses. The novel’s narration is, for instance, constantly interrupted by voices from the past that participated in the colonist experience, incessantly interrupting the process of writing and the production of meaning. O Esplendor de Portugal demands that we engage with spectrality at both the level of writing and historicization – producing meaning in relation to particular events, as well as at the level of identity-formation. In this regard, the novel offers profound reflections as to the externality by which identity and subjectivity is formed within Empire. This leads the chapter toward a theoretical exploration of the relationship between specters and the Freudian/Lacanian specular image or ideal ego through which an individual becomes a subject within ideology. From here, the novel also guides this chapter toward yet another rethinking of Empire’s different layers of meaning and power.
Introduction
Authors: Wood Sarah
Published: January 2020

In the introduction to the collection, we first discuss Guyane’s absence from Francophone and Anglophone discourse and argue that, rather than being the result of accident or oversight, the general ignorance in which Guyane is held has a historical production. From there, we underline the necessity of thinking about Guyane beyond binaries of centre and margins and beyond received ideas and categories. We state how this collection of essays aims to provoke debate and increased attention to Guyane and the Guianas from a broader range of disciplines and international perspectives. After outlining its conceptual justification, we explain the thematic ordering of the book with its juxtaposition of political geographies and cultural and historical analyses. By including contributions from both established scholars such as Bill Marshall, Richard Price and Sally Price, alongside those of up-and-coming scholars, we assemble a range of new perspectives on Guyane which is exemplary in its breadth but coheres in its aim to destabilise categories of thought which have long relegated this place to the margins.
Grand Reporters in Guyane Bringing the Exotic Back Home
Authors: Evanson Kari
Published: January 2020

The 1923 publication of Albert Londres’ Au bagne signalled a watershed moment in the history of grand reportage in Third-Republic France. Following this investigation, each newspaper editor wanted his own investigation of the overseas penal colonies on his front page. This chapter argues that the investigations of the penal colonies in Guyane were a nodal point both in the history of grand reportage and in the broader history of the territory. The chapter first refers to early appearances of the Cayenne bagne in literature—such as Zola’s Le Ventre de Paris—and to the predecessors of Londres in Guyane. It then explains Londres’ identity as justicier, enacting a moral intervention whilst at the same time purporting to be an intellectual nomad, along with the function of reportage, between literature and journalism. Within this, it discusses the role of the reader, whom the journalist brings along on his travels. From there, by contrast, the chapter considers the role of the Guyanais, who become side characters in a French drama (‘ne faisant rien, n’ont pas d’histoire’). The chapter concludes by positing that the interwar investigations of the colony and its prisons cemented Guyane as a borderland, at once distinctly French and other.
Kor and Karnival, the Carnal Road of Léon-Gontran Damas ‘Evidence of Things Not Seen’
Authors: Gyssels Kathleen
Published: January 2020

While generally forgotten or sidelined in major publications on the movement known as Négritude, Léon-Gontran Damas was quoted to striking effect by the politician Christiane Taubira — herself also from Guyane — in the debate surrounding ‘gay marriage’ in France in February 2013. All of a sudden, the cofounder of the Négritude movement came out of the shadow of Senghor and Césaire and into the heart of French political discourse. This chapter offers literary context for this re-situation of Damas, arguing that his poetry is situated at the crossroad of modernism, anti-colonialism and queer writing.
The chapter begins with a perspective on Christine Taubira and the rhetoric she has used in the French National Assembly. It then focuses on Damas himself. As research on Damas expands in the wake of his centenary in 2012, this study first discusses the paradoxes and problems of conducting scholarly work on this poet, as those holding the keys to his sources and his reputation tend increasingly to withdraw from participation in research. Secondly, it gives considers aspects of the biography of Damas as it is known and as it might be interpreted. Finally and most significantly, it turns to a literary critique of his poetry.
Palikur, a Language between Two Worlds
Authors: Cristinoi Antonia , Nemo François
Published: January 2020

Over the course of a long history stretching back to the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, via the arbitration in 1900 of the Franco-Brazilian border dispute, the Palikur (or Parikwene) have been divided between France and Brazil. This community, considered autochtonous in that it existed in the same place at the time of the Europeans’ arrival, now inhabits both Guyane and Brazil, living principally on the two banks of the Oyapock river. The transnational situation of the Palikur is reflected in all aspects of life in the community today, whether in terms of identity, of education, of citizenship or of language.
The objective of this chapter is to present the dynamics of the Palikur’s linguistic situation in Guyane in all their complexity. It focuses on change over time across generations and on the questions of linguistic and cultural preservation currently being raised. The chapter is based on sociolinguistic research and lexicographical studies conducted in situ over the course of fifteen years.
Translational Language: Felipe Alfau’s Iberian English and Its Afterlife
Authors: Galasso Regina
Published: January 2020

Part I focuses on the novel Chromos by the New York-based, Barcelona-born writer Felipe Alfau. Alfau’s decision to write in English rather than Spanish, surprised critics not only as an odd choice but also as a unique English, a form of the language with a deep imprint of Spanish. This part postulates that the practice of translation is responsible not only for the extraordinary language of Chromos but also for its main themes, as the novel repeatedly questions the relationship between original and translation in literature and other artistic works, particularly in situations of relocation. This part argues that Chromos suspends the process of translation, rather than defining itself as an original or a translation. This part then discusses Eduardo Lago's novel Llámame Brooklyn which pays homage to Alfau by including him as a character as well as forming other structural and thematic threads with the late author's writing. Both Llámame Brooklyn and Chromos propose a treatment of New York that questions the cultural boundaries of Spain and problematizes the coexistence of the Spanish and English languages thereby setting up some of the critical themes of the parts to follow.
The Source of an Avant-Garde Voice: Music and Photography in José Moreno Villa
Authors: Galasso Regina
Published: January 2020

This part studies the New York prose and poetry of José Moreno Villa, one of the most overlooked cultural figures of twentieth-century Iberian Studies. As a gateway to the context surrounding Moreno Villa's New York, this part begins with a prefatory discussion of Federico García Lorca and his epistolary writing in which he assesses travel to New York as one of the most useful experiences of his life while also repeatedly noting the continuous linguistic negotiations surrounding him while in the city. Then, this part introduces Moreno Villa and the fruits of his transatlantic travel: Pruebas de Nueva York (1927) and Jacinta la pelirroja (1929). Overall, it argues that Moreno Villa's past experiences coupled with his vulnerable linguistic position, as a result of travel, tuned him in the languages of photography, jazz, and the careful use of Spanish, English, and other languages. In doing so, this part proposes that Moreno Villa's literary New York brought his readers more than a superficial experience but one that introduced new discourses and considerations of language and its relationship to other media.
Coda: Re-Creating a Classic
Authors: Galasso Regina
Published: January 2020

The Coda identifies other translational phenomena related to writing New York that cover the latter part of the twentieth century to the present. More specifically, it highlights the presence of Edward Hopper’s work and potential influence on Iberian literatures. It reflects on the possibility of New York as a motif in Iberian literatures open to multiple re-creations.
Francophone and Post-Migratory Afropeans within and beyond France Today
Authors: Hogarth Christopher
Published: January 2020

Alain Mabanckou, Léonora Miano, and Abdourahhman Waberi are often spoken of as forming part of an 'Afropean' generation of writers, perched between the African and European continents. However, of the six fictional works included in a 2014 volume (eds. Thomas and Hitchcott) on Francophone Afropean writers, three are penned by writers who no longer live in Africa or Europe. My chapter will investigate how such writers exist in an increasingly more cosmopolitan world which stretches beyond Europe and into North America. Then, to further mine the “Afropean” designation, I will explore the works and careers of post-migratory postcolonial minorities of African heritage, such as writers Julien Delmaire, Dembo Goumane, Thomté Ryam, Abd al Malik, Wilfred N’Sondé and Bessora, who were born and raised in France/Francophone Europe. In this way, I query the binary of Africa and Europe in the 'Afropean' designation.
Vietnam by Removes: Storytelling and Postmemory in Minh Tran Huy
Authors: Nguyen Catherine H.
Published: January 2020

Minh Tran Huy participates in the production of a second-generation Vietnamese French literature that departs from the first-generation’s autobiographical immigrant narrative. In two novels, La Princesse et le pêcheur [The Princess and the Fisherman] (2007) and Voyageur malgré lui [Travelers in Spite of Themselves] (2012), Tran Huy engages with the postmemory that interrogates war and the trauma of the French colonization of Indochina, the American military engagement during the Vietnam War and refugee displacement from Vietnam to France that parents and families experienced. Attending to Tran Huy’s position as a second-generation Vietnamese French woman writer, I argue that she (re)presents the second generation’s postmemory through the mode of storytelling. Storytelling highlights the interpersonal exchange and transmission that occurs through the spoken word between generations despite traumatic silence.
Redefining Frenchness through Urban Music and Literature: The Case of Rapper-Writers Abd Al Malik and Disiz
Authors: Puig Stève
Published: January 2020

An essential element of urban culture is rap, which has grown progressively in importance to and for post-migratory postcolonial minorities since the mid-1980s. One interesting development in the last decade is the emergence of a group of rapper-writers, including Abd Al Malik or Disiz, who use various platforms to offer a counter-narrative to dominant discourse on the banlieues. Both artists, who draw on similar influences, move across and fuse genres to redefine Frenchness in the 21st century and to imagine what it is to be an artist in the instance of what Marie-Claude Smouts has called ‘the postcolonial situation’.
‘Beyond Ethnicity’ or a Return to Type? Bande de filles/Girlhood and the Politics of Blackness in Contemporary French Cinema
Authors: Higbee Will
Published: January 2020

This chapter aims to promote an analysis of black female subjectivity as a means of considering the potential difficulties and contradictions that emerge in reading Bande de filles (Sciamma, 2014) as an example of post-migratory cinema. Drawing on Anthias’ (1998) notion of diasporic identity moving ‘beyond ethnicity’ as both lived experience and mediated reality through cinematic representation, the chapter will question how ethnic origins as a marker of difference are displaced by gender and, to a lesser extent, class in Bande de filles. Finally, the chapter will explore whether the proposed move ‘beyond ethnicity’ simply masks the same problems of stereotyping and marginalization that have traditionally been found in French cinema when black actors appear on the screen. Such questions lead to a related discussion of agency for ‘post-migratory’ artists and performers on both sides of the camera and the production of French ‘national’ identity in contemporary French cinema.
Afterword A Long Road To Travel
Authors: Hargreaves Alec G. , McKinney Mark
Published: January 2020

In assessing the extent to which creative works by post-migratory artists are shaped by the legacy of the colonial era in present-day France, we delineate a spectrum stretching between two poles – on the one hand, postcolonial entrenchment, and on the other, post/colonial detachment – between which lie a range of more nuanced and multi-polar positions. Politically hard-edged rappers typify the more entrenched end of the spectrum, positioning themselves in conflict with the state and appealing to audiences in which post-colonial minorities are to the fore. More consensual positions, suggesting that France is moving or has moved beyond the polarized divisions of the colonial era, tend to characterize the work of artists such as professional dancers benefiting from public funding and others, such as the filmmaker and actor Dany Boon, whose minority ethnic origins have been largely effaced in productions that have achieved high-profile box office successes among broadly based audiences. The works of many other post-migratory artists are positioned between and in some respects disjunct from these poles, tracing multi-polar trajectories in which Anglophone spaces often displace the binary logic of (post-)colonialism. At the same, many of these artists complain that, no matter how hard they may try to leave behind divisions inherited from the colonial past, they remain in many ways framed by them in majority ethnic eyes, suggesting that a long journey still lies ahead on the road from a neo-colonial to a post/colonial France.
Manticore
Authors: Malley Shawn
Published: January 2020

Predicated on the infamous looting of the Baghdad Museum during the first week of the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, Tripp Reed’s telefilm Manticore (2005) is a "Babylonian" text that reverses the events and politics upon which its scenario is based—the destruction of antiquities in wartime—into a liberation story. In the film, U.S. Marines save Iraq from a legendary beast unleashed from its own archaeological past by a megalomaniacal terrorist claiming Babylonian ancestry. Wedding the (neo)imperialist rhetoric of archaeological stewardship in the "cradle of civilization" with military adventure, Manticore exemplifies how SF as a symbolic medium frequently capitalizes on (and thereby exposes) archaeology's latent complicity with geopolitical activity. The notion of the "archaeology-military complex" in Iraq—the absorption of archaeologists into military structures—provides an important critical context for the investigation of the ways values like heritage and stewardship promote Western interventions in the Middle East, activities that in turn provide diegetic materials for SF narratives
Stargate SG-1
Authors: Malley Shawn
Published: January 2020

This chapter develops the central thesis of Chapter 1, namely that paramilitary archaeology is a means of invoking then containing dangerous pasts as an imaginative extension of U.S. foreign policy. Aired in the aftermath of Operation Desert Storm, Stargate (1994) translates the colonial milieu of 1930s Egyptology to the science fictional terrain of Abydos and the battle against Ra. But the shift to the small screen's televisual identity is symptomatic of the deepening complexities of representing geopolitical activity in the region. Just as archaeology passes from a source of wonder into a vehicle for military adventure, the show's ideological commitments to global (read intra-galactic) security become increasingly destabilized, particularly in the Mesopotamian-themed episodes aired after 9/11. The mercurial figure of Babylon offers a counterpoint to the film's overlay of archaeology and militarism, and indeed to the rhetoric of military stewardship at the heart of the "military-archaeology complex." The shifting representation of Mesopotamian antiquity in SG-1's ten-year run (1997-2007) offers powerful cultural criticism of the show's own premise.
Battlestar Galactica
Authors: Malley Shawn
Published: January 2020

In the reimagined Battlestar Galactica (2004-2009), the scriptural phrase “life here began out there” prompts the survivors of the Cylon attack to seek refuge in the mythic home-world, Earth. While the planet’s location lies buried in the obscure corners of cultural memory, the Colonial fleet manages to take its bearings from artefacts, ruins, and substrata along the way. But as a critical medium for investing and investigating historical and cultural identity in objects, archaeology also challenges the Colonials to evaluate the hierarchical distinctions between things and people that underlie their antagonism with the Cylon “machines.” Cylons and humans alike search for their origins, identity, and even survival among the shards of their shared material history in the race to Earth. BSG’s archaeological mise-en-scène affords meta-textual reflection on the central ethical and philosophical question fuelling the exodus narrative: how to understand and define humanity’s purpose out of the ruins of the contemporary world? The answer is that the Cylon Wars will rage until Colonial humanity accepts the Cylons’ desire to transcend the status of historical objects and become historical agents. Finding a (co)habitable destination requires both sides to open the archaeological record to inclusive narratives of origin.
Bristol and the First Romantics
Authors: Cheshire Paul
Published: January 2020

Following his 1795 return to Bristol, Gilbert became part of the circle around the bookseller/publisherJoseph Cottle which included the first generation of English Romantic poets. Gilbert, as an alluring cross-pollination from a non-literary tradition, had a degree of fascination for young poets in search of new forms and new subject matter. The congenial atmosphere of poetry writing preserved in Cottle’s ‘Bristol Album’ raises the possibility that this is how Gilbert acquired the confidence to write or share his poetry. By concentrating on the group as a literary coterie, and paying more attention to its marginal figures, this chapter seeks to show how much the well-known poems of Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Southey owe to the evolving aesthetic values of the group.
Decoding the Allegory of the ‘Theosophical and Western Eclogue’
Authors: Cheshire Paul
Published: January 2020

This chapter addresses what Gilbert intended to represent through the action of his poem. An evidently symbolic young girl, Elmira, is the sole survivor of a shipwreck. Her mother is drowned. Gilbert makes several references to the Eleusinian Mysteries which concern the rebirth of Ceres’ daughter Proserpina. The common mother-daughter theme suggests a parallel interplay between the living and the dead. The ancient mystery cults, and their parallels with the secret rituals associated with Masonic initiation, were of contemporary interest, as can be shown by Thomas Taylor’s Dissertation on the Eleusinian and Bacchic Mysteries, which was based on an exegesis of Aeneas’ descent into the underworld (Aeneid, Book VI). This method of exegesis – which had been used by Neoplatonists to unlock hidden meanings in Homer – provides a possible key to Gilbert’s allegory.
New opportunities, enduring attitudes
Authors: Holohan Carole
Published: January 2020

JJ Lee has described the generation that came to adulthood in this period as the ‘first in more than a century to have a realistic chance of making a decent living in their own country’. This chapter explores this observation by analysing how structural changes affected youth. It examines the evolution of employment opportunities, assesses changes in patterns of migration and analyses the impact of new developments in second level education, taking into account the role of status in young people’s options and decisions. This chapter asks who benefitted most from the structural changes of the sixties, and who gained the least.
Teens ’n’ twenties
Authors: Holohan Carole
Published: January 2020

While the cinema and the dancehall had entertained generations of Irish youths prior to the sixties, this chapter addresses new manifestations of youth culture in this period, with a particular focus on the showband, beat and folk scenes. This chapter explores how the self-image of young people was informed and shaped by transnational developments in popular culture, which were transmitted through a variety of media and manifested in ways that were significantly affected by local factors. It analyses how a transnational youth culture was adopted and adapted in Ireland and identifies its role in shaping discussions of the sexual lives of young people. Ultimately it highlights how the development of a thriving Irish youth culture undermined previous rhetoric that equated the modern with the foreign, and threats to Irish culture and morality as external.
Patrolling the Port
Authors: Caslin Samantha
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines how the women street patrollers involved in the Liverpool Women Police Patrols and the Liverpool Vigilance Association (LVA) were able to carve out authority for themselves at a time when women’s participation in public life was contentious. The chapter shows that patrollers in these organisations were concerned to make sure that women in Liverpool were not behaving promiscuously, since promiscuity was considered to be an entry point for prostitution. It is argued that, together, the patrol workers of the LVA and the Liverpool Women Police Patrols enacted a moral watchfulness on the city’s streets. These patrollers were motivated by philanthropy and by the desire to show that they, as women, could be useful to society outside of the domestic sphere. But in promoting their own expertise and by intervening in the lives of women who did not always want their help, these patrollers reinforced the notion that some women, particularly working-class and migrant women, were morally vulnerable.
Regulating Interwar Prostitution
Authors: Caslin Samantha
Published: January 2020

During the interwar years, the state became concerned about an escalation in the extent to which notions of promiscuity and prostitution were overlapping in public discourse. The ‘common prostitute’ had long been used as a cultural and legal reference point against which all standards of female sexual morality were judged. This marginalisation of women who worked as prostitutes was predicated on the prejudicial notion that they were different to other women. Yet, by the 1920s, changes in women’s lifestyles were challenging this form of moral categorisation, and the Street Offences Committee (1927-8) was formed to review the solicitation laws. However, this chapter argues that the creation of the Committee was not a product of concerns about the unfairness of criminalising prostitutes. Instead, the Committee was the product of the Home Office’s concern that a perceived erosion in the notional boundary between promiscuity and prostitution had made solicitation harder to police. Moreover, in paying particular attention to witness statements given to the Committee by members of the Liverpool Women Police Patrols, the chapter shows that even arguments against using the law to control prostitution did not necessarily seek to challenge the idea that the prostitute was morally transgressive.
Finding Respectable Work for Women in Interwar Liverpool
Authors: Caslin Samantha
Published: January 2020

This chapter considers the ways social purists in interwar Liverpool sought to use traditional forms of employment to control and regulate working-class female morality. Whilst employment could offer women the sort of financial independence and geographic mobility that worried local social purists, organisations like the Liverpool Vigilance Association placed women they deemed to be vulnerable to moral corruption in domestic service, nursing and in mills. Jobs in these sectors were promoted as alternatives to prostitution and they were considered to be more realistic and respectable options for working-class women with ambitions of working in less stable industries, such as the performing arts. As such, the efforts of social purists to find work for women was much less about championing women’s employment and much more about using a limited range of employment options to contain and monitor women branded morally vulnerable.
Female ‘Traffickers’ and Urban Danger
Authors: Caslin Samantha
Published: January 2020

The examination of the LVA’s case load offered here indicates that notions of respectable and disreputable womanhood were subsumed within the LVA’s nebulous discourse around white slavery. Women who were deemed by their patrollers to be a bad influence on others were cast as potential ‘traffickers’. Indeed, setting a supposedly bad moral example to other women was enough to be construed as engaging in a form of trafficking across moral boundaries. Consequently, the LVA’s references to white slavery tell us much more about the organisation’s own moral codes than they do the extent of coerced or forced prostitution in the city.