bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Μελέτη των αντιλήψεων των εκπαιδευτικών προσχολικής ηλικίας για τον αναστοχασμό και τον ρόλο τους
Authors: Κοκκόση Αγγελική
Published: January 2023

Η παρούσα διατριβή έχει ως σκοπό τη διερεύνηση των αντιλήψεων των εκπαιδευτικών προσχολικής ηλικίας για τον αναστοχασμό, των ζητημάτων που αποτελούν αντικείμενο αναστοχασμού τους και τη διερεύνηση του εάν αναστοχάζονται επί του ρόλου τους εντός του σχολικού πλαισίου. Επιπρόσθετα, στοχεύει στη διερεύνηση του ρόλου των εκπαιδευτικών, όπως τον αντιλαμβάνονται στο σχολικό πλαίσιο, σε σχέση με τη διδασκαλία τους και με τα υπόλοιπα μέλη της σχολικής κοινότητας. Η έρευνα διήρκησε ένα μήνα και συμμετείχαν σαράντα επτά (47) εκπαιδευτικοί προσχολικής ηλικία, οι οποίες υπηρετούσαν σε δημόσια νηπιαγωγεία της Περιφέρειας Δυτικής Ελλάδας. Προκειμένου να μελετηθούν οι αντιλήψεις των εκπαιδευτικών για τον αναστοχασμό σχεδιάστηκε ένα εβδομαδιαίο ημερολόγιο, που περιλάμβανε ανοιχτού και κλειστού τύπου ερωτήσεις. Για τη διερεύνηση των αντιλήψεών τους αναφορικά με τον ρόλο τους δημιουργήθηκε ένα ερωτηματολόγιο ερωτήσεων ανοιχτού τύπου. Η ανάλυση των δεδομένων πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη χρήση του λογισμικού ποιοτικής ανάλυσης NVivo-8 και το στατιστικό πακέτο SPSS. Από την παραπάνω ανάλυση προέκυψε ότι οι εκπαιδευτικοί προσχολικής ηλικίας αναστοχάζονται για τον ρόλο τους στο πλαίσιο της σχολικής μονάδας. Ακόμη, οι αντιλήψεις τους για τον αναστοχασμό διαφοροποιήθηκαν κατά τις εβδομάδες χρήσης του ημερολογίου. Με την πάροδο του ερευνητικού χρόνου, οι απαντήσεις των εκπαιδευτικών περιείχαν όλο και περισσότερα στοιχεία από τη θεωρία του αναστοχασμού. Σχετικά με τα ζητήματα που αποτέλεσαν αντικείμενο αναστοχασμού των εκπαιδευτικών, ως κυρίαρχα καταγράφηκαν η ανάπτυξη και η συμπεριφορά των μαθητών, οι σχέσεις και οι συνεργασίες των εκπαιδευτικών προσχολικής ηλικίας, η λειτουργία της σχολικής μονάδας, η διδασκαλία, ο ρόλος τους και η επαγγελματική τους ανάπτυξη. Επίσης, η έρευνα κατέγραψε ότι η πλειονότητα των εκπαιδευτικών αντιλαμβάνεται τον ρόλο της ως συνεργατικό τόσο εντός της σχολικής μονάδας και κατά τη διάρκεια της διδασκαλίας όσο και αναφορικά με τις σχέσεις τους με τα υπόλοιπα μέλη της σχολικής κοινότητας. Συνοψίζοντας, η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή οδήγησε στην εξαγωγή σημαντικών συμπερασμάτων για τις αντιλήψεις των εκπαιδευτικών προσχολικής ηλικίας για τον αναστοχασμό και τον ρόλο τους στο σχολικό πλαίσιο. Τέλος, ανέπτυξε δύο αξιόπιστα και αξιοποιήσιμα μελλοντικά ερευνητικά εργαλεία για την καταγραφή των αντιλήψεων των εκπαιδευτικών προσχολικής ηλικίας για τον αναστοχασμό και τον ρόλο τους στο σχολικό πλαίσιο.
Effects of trace elements applied to cows in transition period on serum fatty acid profile
Authors: Kizil Ö , Kizil M
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a trace element solution applied to cows in the transition period on the levels of fatty acids in the transition period. The material of this study consisted of 20 clinically healthy 3-5 year old simental cows kept under the same care and feeding conditions. Pregnant cows used in the study were divided into 2 equal groups with 10 cows in each group. A single dose of 20 ml of a trace element solution was administered intramuscularly to the pregnant cows in the study group 3 weeks before the birth. Blood samples were taken for analysis at the time of trace element administration, the moment of birth and 3 weeks after birth. Serum samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) device. When the findings of the study were examined, the fatty acid levels determined 3 weeks before the birth in the group in which trace element solution applied were higher compared to the moment of delivery and the period 3 weeks after birth. In the control group, the fatty acid levels determined 3 weeks before the birth increased at the time of delivery, and the fatty acid levels determined 3 weeks after the birth remained higher than the levels determined 3 weeks before the birth. It was concluded that trace element supplementation applied to pregnant cows during the transition period prevented excessive increase in serum fatty acid levels during the transition period.
Probiotic potential and anti-quorum sensing activity of Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus kunkeei isolates from Apis mellifera
Authors: Kiymaci ME , Simsek D , Tok KC , Dirican D , Gumustas M
Published: January 2023

One health is an approach that gains importance in the protection of public health and advocates that the environment-animal-human health is linked. Microbial resistance occurring in any of these three factors circulates directly or indirectly between species and affects health. In this study, antimicrobial, anti-quorum sensing activity and potential probiotic properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecalis 1 and 2 isolates from Apis mellifera gut were investigated. Results showed that isolates were found to be resistant to gentamicin, streptomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin tested. It was determined that isolates were gamma haemolytic and resistant to acid and enzymatic environment conditions. Enterococcus faecalis isolates had antimicrobial activity on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and anti-quorum sensing activity of the culture supernatants of all isolates was detected by a violacein pigment inhibition of Chromobacterium violaceum strain.
Development and identifying quantitative and quantities traits for breeding of Samae Dam Chicken (Gallus gallus), Thailand: Diversity of phenotypic characteristics
Authors: Wiyabot T , Kiattinarueyut S
Published: January 2023

The objectives of this study were to the development and technology transfer for local production of Samae Dam Chicken (Gallus gallus) in Uthai Thani Province, Thailand by studying diversity of phenotypic characteristics in the rearing system. The average age of chickens was eight months, randomly numbered 1,000 in Uthai Thani Province. The results showed that variation of quantitative traits such as body weight, body height, body length, body width, wing length, shank length and toes length, the mean is equal to 3.0±0.25 kg/h, 58.5±0.10 cm, 24.5±0.30 cm, 14.5±0.20 cm 33.0±1.15 cm,10.25±0.5 cm and 5.75±0.45 cm respectively. The relationship between qualitative characteristics found that significant strong positive relationships between beak color and shank color (r=0.70; p<0.01), between necklace color and wings feather color (r=0.60; p<0.05), between necklace color and back- necklace color (r=0.15; p<0.01), between wings feathers color and necklace color (r=0.60; p<0.01), between wings feathers color and back-necklace color (r=0.25; p<0.01), between back-necklace color and necklace color (r=0.20; p<0.01), between back-necklace color and wings feather color (r=0.25; p<0.05) and between shank color and beak color. The relationship between quantitative characteristics all positive relationships among the studied quantitative traits was significant (r=0.30 to 0.55; p<0.01). The relationship between qualitative and quantitative factors in which the relationship between characteristics is significant (p<0.05). The positive correlation of beak color with body height (r=0.14), necklace color with bodyweight (r=0.15), necklace color with body width (r=0.17), wings feather color with body length (r=0.23), wings feather color with body width (r=-0.20), wings feather color with wing length (r=-0.14), tail feathers type with bodyweight (r=-0.25), tail feathers type with body height (r=-0.19), tail feathers type with body length (r=-0.26), tail feathers type with body width (r=-0.12), tail feathers type with wing length (r=-0.14), tail feathers type with shank length (r=-0.22), shank color with bodyweight (r=-0.22), shank color with body height (r=-0.18) and shank color with body length (r=-0.22). Effects of qualitative characteristics on quantitative characteristics of the chicken necklace color, wings feather color, back necklace color tail feathers type, shank color had significant difference (p<0.05).
Bacteriospermia assessment and its relationship with conventional seminal parameters in stud dogs ejaculates (Canis familiaris)
Authors: S. Agudelo-Yepes  , J. Puerta-Suárez  , D.F. Carrillo-Gonzalez  , Cardona Maya Walter D
Published: January 2023

The objective of this work was to determine the frequency of bacteriospermia and its effect on the seminal quality in canines. Dogs were divided into two groups according to weight: small dogs between 1 and 10 kg (Group 1) and dogs with more than 10 kg (Group 2). The foreskin was disinfected in each animal (n=15), and the semen sample was collected by the gloved hand method. Sperm motility, morphology, viability, and concentration were evaluated using a 40x microscope. A 10µL of semen drop was cultured by diffusion method on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Colony-forming units (CFU) were quantitatively evaluated, and biochemical identification was carried out after 48 hours at 37°C. Conventional PCR was performed on the semen samples to evaluate the presence/absence of 11 bacteria. Bacterial growth was found in all samples. The CFU/mL in blood agar were 34042.8 for group 1 and 107714.3 for group 2, while on MacConkey agar were 142.9 CFU/mL, and 21328.6 CFU/mL, respectively. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequent bacteria isolated by conventional culture (64.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp. were the most common bacteria found by conventional PCR. Between both groups, only a statistically significant difference was found in normal sperm morphology. A negative correlation was observed between viability and morphology with CFU on MacConkey agar. One dog was ruled out because he had azoospermia. Canine seminal bacteriospermia is quite frequent and could alter its quality. The presence of Gram-negative bacteria is associated with greater alteration in the semen analysis.
Preliminary investigation of the nutritional composition of two commercial fish species: Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Kocatepe D , Turan H , Köstekli B , Altan CO , Çorapci B
Published: January 2023

In this study, it was aimed to compare of nutritional composition, cholesterol, trans fatty acids, fatty acids, lipid quality index, vitamins (A, B9, B2, B12, D3), selenium (Se), and iron (Fe) contents between farmed Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. Crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, and energy values of Atlantic salmon were slightly higher than rainbow trout while crude ash and moisture values were higher in rainbow trout (p < 0.05). The cholesterol content of samples in rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon were found as 77.37±1.07 mg 100g-1 and 99.45±2.72 mg 100g-1, respectively (p<0.05). Trans fatty acids of both species were found as <0.3 g 100g-1. ƩSFA value of rainbow trout was found higher than the Atlantic salmon, on the other hand, the ƩMUFA values were found higher in the Atlantic salmon (p<0.05). However, the ƩPUFA values were found similar for both fish species (p>0.05). In general, the results show that rainbow trout contains two times more EPA+DHA amount than Atlantic salmon. While vitamin A has been found higher in rainbow trout, other vitamins (B9, B2, B12, D3) have been higher in Atlantic salmon (p<0.05). Additionally, iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) contents in rainbow trout has been significantly higher than Atlantic salmon (p<0.05).TRANSLATE with x EnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian //  TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack//
The relationships between Pit-1 gene polymorphism and some performance traits in simmental and brown swiss breeds
Authors: Toyğar O , Ozdemir M
Published: January 2023

It was aimed to investigate the genotypic structures of the Pit-1 gene from genomic DNA samples taken from Simmental and Brown Swiss breeds and determine the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of bovine breeds and to determine the relationships between the detected genotypes and some performance traits. Pit-1/HinfI gene polymorphisms were determined using the PCR-RFLP method from genomic DNA obtained from Brown Swiss and Simmental breed cattle used in the study. According to the Hardy-Weinberg genetic test, the distribution of genotype frequencies of the studied population was found to be in equilibrium (p˃0.05) in both breeds. Genotype frequencies of AA, AB, and BB alleles of the Pit-1 gene were determined as 5.73%, 36.42%, and 57.85%, respectively, for Simmental breed, while the genotype frequencies for Brown Swiss breed were determined as 9.43%, 42.86%, and 48.01%, respectively. The actual milk yield for Simmental breed was determined as 5953 ± 364.2, 5212 ± 993.4, 5507 ± 889.5 kg, the 305-day milk yield as 5953 ± 276.8, 5642 ± 782.7, 5427 ± 246.7 kg, the lactation period as 307 ± 47, 293 ± 29, 303 ± 22 days, the daily milk yield as 19.53 ± 6, 18.49 ± 8, 17.81 ± 2 kg for AA, AB, and BB genotypes, respectively. The actual milk yield for the Brown Swiss breed was determined as 3606 ± 253, 3558 ± 530, 3999 ± 099 kg, the 305-day milk yield as 4920 ± 217, 4462 ± 900, 4635 ± 870 kg, the lactation period as 222 ± 36, 240 ± 04, 258 ± 37 days, the daily milk yield as 17.62 ± 2, 15.49 ± 2, 16.04 ± 3 kg for AA, AB, and BB genotypes, respectively. In the statistical analyses, the relationships between the performance traits studied and Pit-1 genotypes in Simmental and Brown Swiss cattle were not prove to be significant statistically.
Clinical and Molecular Epidemiological Study on Herpesviruses Infection among Equid Populations in Upper Egypt
Authors: Abdel-Rady A , Abd El-Rahim I , S. Gad El-Rab Abd El-Hameed  , Malek S
Published: January 2023

The present study was carried out to record the clinical signs of equine herpesviruses (EHVs) infection and to detect the prevalence of EHVs infection among working equids in different provinces of Egypt. A total number of 115 working equids (92 horses and 23 donkeys) were clinically examined and sampled from November 2018 till November 2019 for this study.
Two samples were collected from each animal (nasal swab and blood sample) and were subjected to multiplex-PCR to detect the prevalence of different EHVs infection among equids.
In the current study, the overall prevalence of EHVs infection among equid populations in Egypt was 80% by using multiplex-PCR. Moreover, the most prevalent equine herpesvirus (EHV) among equids in Upper Egypt was EHV-2 (61.74%), followed by EHV-5 (43.48%), EHV-1 (20%), and EHV-4 (13.04%). The recorded clinical signs of the examined equids harbored EHVs (PCR-positive) can be summarized as follow: a higher percentage was detected among equids with a history of acute onset (59.78%), pyrexia (57.61%), and/or systemic illness (45.65%) with or without respiratory signs (56.52%) and ocular signs (35.87%). Furthermore, 4.35% and 1.09% of EHV-1 PCR-positive equids displayed neurological signs and abortion, respectively.
Effect of Adding an Organic Binder on Health of Cows Fed with Mycotoxins Contaminated Diet
Authors: Adami Ghamsari F , Tajabadi Ebrahimi M , Bagheri Varzaneh M , Iranbakhsh A , Akhavan Sepahi A
Published: January 2023

Mycotoxins contamination occurring in dairy cow's diet is responsible for devastating effects on livestock health. Among different strategies, using organic adsorbents is a promising approach to reduce the toxicity of mycotoxins. This study investigated the effects of an organic adsorbent containing Lactobacillus brevis TD4, Lactobacillus paracasei TD3, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall on milk production, somatic cell count, blood parameters (white blood cell [WBC], lymphocyte [LYM], neutrophil, basophil, monocyte, eosinophil, red blood cell, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin) and liver function (alanine transaminase [ALT], gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], aspartate transaminase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], urea, total protein, albumin) in dairy cows fed a naturally contaminated diet with Zearalenone and Deoxynivalenol. The amounts of mycotoxins Zearalenone (ZEA) and Deoxynivalenol (DON) in feed ingredients were measured using the HPLC method. Ten Holstein dairy cows received organic adsorbents daily in their diets for four weeks. Milk and blood samples were taken from cows before the start of feeding adsorbent (CTRL), during the feeding period (FP), and one week after removal of adsorbent from the diet (RP). Totally, the amount of measured ZEA and DON toxins in the diet were 389 and 1254.6 ppb, respectively. Feeding of organic adsorbent significantly increased milk production, total serum protein, and albumin compared to CTRL (P<0.01). Also, numerically lower somatic cell count in their milk and a significant decrease (P<0.01) in serum urea were resulted. Among examined blood parameters, the number of WBC and LYM significantly decreased (P<0.01) after feeding with the organic binder in comparison to the control period. Furthermore, except for a significant increase in the level of AST (P<0.05), the other liver function examined parameters were not affected. The consumption of feed containing low-cost organic adsorbent including Lactobacillus bacteria and yeast cell wall can improve the physical condition and health of dairy cows and reduce economic losses in livestock production.
Mobile resistance determinants, plasmid replicon types and phylogeny among Escherichia coli strains isolated from cats and dogs
Authors: Kalaycı Yüksek F , Gümüş D , Macunluoğlu AC , Eroğlu E , Camadan D , Anğ Küçüker M
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Multidrug resistance is a great challenge for the treatment of infectious diseases. We determined antibiotic resistance patterns,  integrons, plasmid-mediated ESBL-, AmpC beta-lactamase-, carbapenemase-, colistin resistance genes, plasmid replicon types and phylogeny of fecal E. coli strains isolated from domestic cats and dogs in Turkey.

A total of 104 fecal samples of healthy 49 cats and 55 dogs were examined. The integrons, plasmid-mediated resistance genes, plasmid replicon types and phylogroups were determined by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were performed by disc diffusion and microdilution methods.

coli strains were mostly resistant to AMP (56.73%), SXT (39.42%), CTX (38.46%) and CIP (30.77%). Colistin resistance was not detected. ESBL and carbapenemase rates were 35.5 % and 7.69%, respectively. Eighty (76.9%) and 49 (47.1%) strains were harboring class I and class II integrons, respectively. Besides 12 strains were shown to possess class III integrons. The most frequently detected genes were blaCTX-M (48.08%), blaTEM (45.19%) and blaVIM (20.19%). In our study, none of strains were positive for mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes. Integrons were mostly found on plasmids of incompatibility groups IncF (71.25%) and strains bearing CTX-M and TEM carried a wide range of plasmid replicons of which IncF, IncFIB, IncK, and IncN. The majority of the strains were grouped in B2 (31.73%) and B1 (22.12%) and resistant bacteria mostly belonged to phylogroup B2.

We showed an increasing trend in ESBL-producing E. coli among fecal microbiota members. E. coli strains with different plasmid replicon types and phylogroups isolated from cats and dogs can be resistant to various antibiotics which are used in human and veterinary medicine.
Mechanisms behind the pharmacological application of biochanin-A: a review
Authors: Anuranjana P.V. , Beegum Fathima , K.P Divya , George Krupa Thankam , Viswanatha G.L. , Nayak Pawan G. , Kanwal Abhinav , Kishore Anoop , Shenoy Rekha R. , Nandakumar K.
Published: January 2023

This review was aimed at summarizing the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the various pharmacological actions of biochanin-A. Many studies have been reported claiming its application in cancers, metabolic disorders, airway hyperresponsiveness, cardiac disorders, neurological disorders, etc. With regard to hormone-dependent cancers like breast, prostate, and other malignancies like pancreatic, colon, lung, osteosarcoma, glioma that has limited treatment options, biochanin-A revealed agreeable results in arresting cancer development. Biochanin-A has also shown therapeutic benefits when administered for neurological disorders, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and other chronic diseases/disorders. Isoflavones are considered phenomenal due to their high efficiency in modifying the physiological functions of the human body. Biochanin-A is one among the prominent isoflavones found in soy (glycine max), red clover (Trifolium pratense), and alfalfa sprouts, etc., with proven potency in modulating vital cellular mechanisms in various diseases. It has been popular for ages among menopausal women in controlling symptoms. In view of the multi-targeted functions of biochanin-A, it is essential to summarize it's mechanism of action in various disorders. The safety and efficacy of biochanin-A need to be established in clinical trials involving human subjects. Biochanin-A might be able to modify various systems of the human body like the cardiovascular system, CNS, respiratory system, etc. It has shown a remarkable effect on hormonal cancers and other cancers. Many types of research on biochanin-A, particularly in breast, lung, colon, prostate, and pancreatic cancers, have shown a positive impact. Through modulating oxidative stress, SIRT-1 expression, PPAR gamma receptors, and other multiple mechanisms biochanin-A produces anti-diabetic action. The diverse molecular mechanistic pathways involved in the pharmacological ability of biochanin-A indicate that it is a very promising molecule and can play a major impact in modifying several physiological functions.
Do macrophages follow the beat of circadian rhythm in TIME (Tumor Immune Microenvironment)?
Authors: Knudsen-Clark Amelia M. , Cazarin Juliana , Altman Brian J.
Published: January 2023

Advances in cancer research have made clear the critical role of the immune response in clearing tumors. This breakthrough in scientific understanding was heralded by the success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies such as anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/ programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), as well as the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in treating liquid tumors. Thus, much effort has been made to further understand the role of the immune response in tumor progression, and how we may target it to treat cancer. Macrophages are a component of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) that can promote tumor growth both indirectly, by suppressing T cell responses necessary for tumor killing, as well as directly, through deposition of extracellular matrix and promotion of angiogenesis. Thus, understanding regulation of macrophages within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is key to targeting them for immunotherapy. However, circadian rhythms (24-hour cycles) are a fundamental aspect of macrophage biology that have yet to be investigated for their role in macrophage-mediated suppression of the anti-tumor immune response Circadian rhythms regulate macrophage-mediated immune responses through time-of-day-dependent regulation of macrophage function. A better understanding of the circadian biology of macrophages in the context of the TME may allow us to exploit synergy between existing and upcoming treatments and circadian regulation of immunity.
Adaptive strategies for the deployment of rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19: a modelling study
Authors: Cilloni Lucia , Kendall Emily , Dowdy David , Arinaminpathy Nimalan
Published: January 2023

Background: Lateral flow assays (LFAs) for the rapid detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provide an affordable, rapid and decentralised means for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Concentrating on urban areas in low- and middle-income countries, we examined whether ‘dynamic’ screening algorithms, that adjust the use of confirmatory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing based on epidemiological conditions, could reduce cost without substantially reducing the impact of testing.

Methods: Concentrating on a hypothetical ‘second wave’ of COVID-19 in India, we modelled the potential impact of testing 0.5% of the population per day at random with LFA, regardless of symptom status. We considered dynamic testing strategies where LFA positive cases are only confirmed with PCR when LFA positivity rates are below a given threshold (relative to the peak positive rate at the height of the epidemic wave), compared to confirming either all positive LFA results or confirming no results. Benefit was estimated based on cumulative incidence of infection, and resource requirements, based on the cumulative number of PCR tests used and the cumulative number of unnecessary isolations.

Results: A dynamic strategy of discontinuing PCR confirmation when LFA positivity exceeded 50% of the peak positivity rate in an unmitigated epidemic would achieve comparable impact to one employing PCR confirmation throughout (9.2% of cumulative cases averted vs 9.8%), while requiring 35% as many PCR tests. However, the dynamic testing strategy would increase the number of false-positive test results substantially, from 0.07% of the population to 1.1%.

Conclusions: Dynamic diagnostic strategies that adjust to epidemic conditions could help maximise the impact of testing at a given cost. Generally, dynamic strategies reduce the number of confirmatory PCR tests needed, but increase the number of unnecessary isolations. Optimal strategies will depend on whether greater priority is placed on limiting confirmatory testing or false-positive diagnoses.
Smart5Grid Solutions for enhanced TSO grid observability and manageability in massive RES penetration environment
Authors: Shangov Daniel , Vlachkov Krassimir , Rumenova Ralitsa , Hristov Georgi , Velkov Atanas , Antonopoulos Angelos , Cadenelli Nicola , Tzanis Nikolaos , Brodimas Dimitrios , Rantopoulos Michalis , Chochliouros Ioannis , Vlahodimitropoulou Vasiliki
Published: January 2023

Background

This article elaborates on Horizon 2020 Smart5Grid Research and Innovation (R&I) project and reports the Smart5Grid Open Experimentation Platform (OEP), including its Open Service Repository (OSR), Verification and Validation (V&V), NetApp Controller (NAC), and Multi-access Edge Computing Orchestrator (MECO), as key results of this project. It then translates those results into energy vertical implications of the Smart5Grid for Transmission System Operators (TSOs), focusing on two particular Use Cases (UCs): UC3 Millisecond Level Precise Distribution Generation Control and UC4 Real-time Wide Area Monitoring pilot demonstrator of 5G virtual PDC capabilities for WAM of end-to-end electricity grids. More specifically, this work exhibits UC3 and UC4 NetApps developed as one of the key project deliverables.  All use cases generate openly accessible data, except where specific security restrictions are applicable. 

Methods

The Smart5Grid development methodology is based on the concept of Network Applications (NetApps). Their main mission is to hide the complexity of a 5G telco network for energy application developers in a way that empowers them to develop a NetApp without having to deal with the underlying network. A Virtual Infrastructure Manager (VIM) such as OpenStack or Kubernetes hosts every unit that composes a NetApp. The VIM provides monitoring data to a Network Function Vurtualisation Manager and Orchestrator (NFV MANO) framework, which airs information to the NAC that employs analysis algorithms to propose the optimal Virtual Network Function (VNF) and NetApp placing. A Slice Manager (SM) reserves resources for all these capabilities.

Results

The Smart5Grid architecture represents the main result that this work delineates in the context of its enhanced 5G telecommunication provider (telco) capabilities for transmission and distribution grids to face and manage more efficiently high Renewable Energy Sources (RES) penetration in a decarbonisation context.
Development of a legume-enriched feed for treatment of severe acute malnutrition
Authors: Walsh Kevin , Delamare de la Villenaise de Chenevarin Gael , McGurk Joe , Maitland Kathryn , Frost Gary
Published: January 2023

Background: Outcomes in children hospitalised with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remain poor. The current milk-based formulations focus on restoring weight-gain but fail to address modification of the integrity of the gut barrier and may exacerbate malabsorption owing to functional lactase, maltase and sucrase deficiency. We hypothesise that nutritional feeds should be designed to promote bacterial diversity and restore gastrointestinal (GI) barrier function.

Methods: Our major objective was to develop a lactose-free, fermentable carbohydrate-containing alternative to traditional F75 and F100 formulae for the inpatient treatment of SAM. New target nutritional characteristics were developed and relevant food and infant food specific legislation were reviewed. Suitable certified suppliers of ingredients were identified. Processing and manufacture steps were evaluated and optimised for safety (nutritional, chemical and microbiological), and efficacy at meeting target characteristics (lactose-free, containing resistant starch 0.4-0.5% final product weight).

Results: A final validated production process was developed and implemented to produce a novel food product for the inpatient treatment of SAM in children in Africa designed to reduce risk of osmotic diarrhoea and support symbiotic gut microbial populations. The final product matched the macronutrient profile of double-concentrated F100, adhered to all relevant legislation regulating infant foods, was lactose free, and contained 0.6% resistant starch. Chickpeas were selected as the source of resistant starch, since they are widely grown and eaten throughout Africa. Micronutrient content could not be matched in this ready-to-use product, so this was replaced at the point of feeding, as was fluid lost through concentration.

Conclusions: The processes and product described illustrate the development steps for a novel nutritional product. The new feed product was ready for evaluation for safety and efficacy in a phase II clinical trial in Ugandan children admitted to hospital with SAM (Modifying Intestinal MicroBiome with Legume-Based feed 2: MIMBLE feed 2 (ISRCTN10309022)).
A network of empirical ethics teams embedded in research programmes across multiple sites: opportunities and challenges in contributing to COVID-19 research and responses
Authors: Ngwenya Nothando , Ilo Van Nuil Jennifer , Nyirenda Deborah , Chambers Mary , Cheah Phaik Yeong , Seeley Janet , Chi Primus , Mafuleka Lindiwe , Nkosi Busisiwe , Kamuya Dorcas , Davies Alun , Schneiders Mira L , Mumba Noni , Dlamini Siphephelo , Desmond Nicola , Marsh Vicki , Rippon Dinnah , Parker Michael , Molyneux Sassy
Published: January 2023

Covid-19 continues to teach the global community important lessons about preparedness for research and effective action to respond to emerging health threats. We share the COVID-19 experiences of a pre-existing cross-site ethics network-the Global Health Bioethics Network-which brings together researchers and practitioners from Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia. We describe the network and its members and activities, and the work-related opportunities and challenges we faced over a one-year period during the pandemic. We highlight the value of having strong and long-term empirical ethics networks embedded across diverse research institutions to be able to: 1) identify and share relevant ethics challenges and research questions and ways of ’doing research’; 2) work with key stakeholders to identify appropriate ways to contribute to the emerging health issue response – e.g., through ethics oversight, community engagement, and advisory roles at different levels; and 3) learn from each other and from diverse contexts to advocate for positive change at multiple levels. It is our view that being embedded and long term offers opportunities in terms of deep institutional and contextual knowledge, existing relationships and access to a wide range of stakeholders. Being networked offers opportunities to draw upon a wide range of expertise and perspectives, and to bring together internal and external insights (i.e.drawing on different positionalities). Long term funding means that the people and resources are in place and ready to respond in a timely way. However, many tensions and challenges remain, including difficulties in negotiating power and politics in the roles that researchers and research institutions can and should play in an emergency, and the position of empirical ethics within research programmes. We discuss some of these tensions and challenges and consider the implications for our own and similar networks in future.
In search of giaour. Notes on the New Persian gabr ‘a Zoroastrian; infidel’
Authors: Paraskiewicz Kinga
Published: January 2023

The article offers remarks on the history and transmission of the Persian word gabr and a number of words in other languages that derive from it. First, the semantic development of the word is traced from a neutral meaning ‘a Zoroastrian’ to a term of abuse. This is followed by a critical comparison of two etymological proposals that attempt to link the New Persian word alternatively to Arabic and to Aramaic. The conclusion is that Persian gabr ‘a Zoroastrian’ most likely derives from an Aramaic word for ‘a foreign hero, brave man’.
Three persistent problems
Authors: Snædal Magnús
Published: January 2023

In this paper three very loosely related Gothic problems are discussed: How should the combination sunja guþ John 17:3 be understood? Which is the correct reading of the marginal gloss at 2CorA 12:7, gairu, qairu, pairu or gairs? What is concealed in the inscription on the spearhead from Kovel?
Possibly Oriental elements in Slavonic folklore. Upiór ~ wampir
Authors: Stachowski Kamil , Stachowski Olaf
Published: January 2023

The two creatures in the title have attracted the attention of ethnographers and etymologists alike for more than a century now, resulting in several theories, more than twenty etymologies, and no consensus. The present paper evaluates these proposals and adds to them yet another one. It also presents linguistic and extra-linguistic data that strengthens some of them and weakens others. The proposal favoured by the authors is presented in more detail, and with new supporting evidence.
Asymmetric Information of Product Authenticity on C2C E-Commerce Platforms: How Can Inspection Services Help?
Authors: Li Linqiu , Fang Xin , Lim Yun Fong
Published: January 2023

Problem definition: We consider a customer-to-customer (C2C) platform that provides an inspection service. Uncertain about product authenticity, a seller sells a product through the platform. Before purchasing, a buyer obtains a signal of the product authenticity from the product’s price set by the seller. The platform’s inspection service can detect a counterfeit with a probability. If the product passes the inspection, the platform sends it to the buyer and charges the seller a commission fee. Otherwise, the platform returns it to the seller and charges the seller a penalty fee. Methodology/results: We develop a two-stage game-theoretical model. In the first stage, the platform designs a contract specifying the commission and penalty fees. In the second stage, the seller signals the product authenticity by setting a price and the buyer decides whether to purchase it. This results in a contract design problem that governs a signaling game. We find that the effect of inspection is beyond merely detecting counterfeits. The inspection, even an imperfect one, changes the signaling game’s structure and incentivizes the seller whose product is likely authentic to sell through the platform. This can only be achieved by carefully choosing the commission and penalty fees. Moreover, a larger platform’s expected profit does not imply a larger commission fee or price in equilibrium. Under some mild conditions, the optimal commission increases but the optimal penalty decreases as the platform’s inspection capability improves. Managerial implications: The inspection service is not widely available among leading C2C platforms as it is considered imperfect and costly. Our study suggests that its benefit may be underestimated in practice. Moreover, the inspection can eliminate the seller’s information rent and generate more revenue for the platform. This paper provides guidance on how to set commission and penalty fees when the inspection service is provided.

Funding: L. Li is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72071198] and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme [Grant 1-YWC7]. X. Fang and Y. F. Lim are grateful for the support from the Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University [Maritime and Port Authority Research Fellowship and Retail Centre of Excellence Research Grant]. Y. F. Lim is supported by the Association of South-East Asian Nations Business Research Initiative Grant [Grant G17C20421], the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [Grants 15501920 and 15501221], and the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 71931009].

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1186 .
A rare cause of recurrent haemolytic anaemia: carboplatin and paclitaxel-induced autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Authors: Yingchoncharoen Pitchaporn , Thongpiya Jerapas , Maharjan Shrinkhala , Abdelnabi Mahmoud , Kim Samuel , Saowapa Sakditad , Lalmuanpuii Judy
Published: January 2023

Drug-induced immune haemolytic anaemia (DIIHA) is a rare but serious complication affecting approximately 1 in 1,000,000 patients, but its incidence might be underestimated due to misdiagnosis. Several factors should be considered to ensure an accurate diagnosis, including previous medical history, comorbidities, drug history, the temporal relationship between drug exposure and symptom onset, haemolytic features, and comorbidities in suspected cases. The authors report a case of DIIHA caused by combination chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel complicated with haeme pigment- induced acute kidney injury.
COMORBIDADES EM HIPERTENSOS, SEGUNDO O SEXO, CADASTRADOS NAS ESTRATÉGIAS DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA DE DIAMANTINA/MG.
Authors: De Paulo Caldeira Ana Luísa , Fraga Campos Fernanda , Costa Reis Maria Letícia , Pereira da Costa Magnania Cristiane , Lanza Queiroz Ana Carolina , Alberto Dias Carlos
Published: January 2023

Introdução: A Hipertensão Arterial é uma condição multifatorial e altamente prevalente no mundo, principalmente na população acima dos 60 anos. Está relacionada a comorbidades, como doenças coronarianas, diabetes, hiperlipidemia, arteriosclerose, infarto cerebral, entre outras. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de comorbidades em pessoas diagnosticadas com Hipertensão Arterial cadastradas nas Estratégias de Saúde da Família – localizadas nas áreas urbanas do município de Diamantina, Minas Gerais – Brasil. Materiais e Métodos: Esse estudo transversal, plurimetodológico, de abordagem quantitativa, envolveu 562 pessoas com Hipertensão Arterial, de ambos os sexos, com idade a partir de 40 anos. Um roteiro de entrevista foi estruturado especialmente para a pesquisa e utilizado para a coleta das informações. Utilizou-se o software Sphinx Léxica para a realização das análises. Resultados: Constatou-se que dentre as comorbidades mais frequentes estão as osteomusculares, cardiovasculares, dislipidemia, diabetes e transtornos de saúde mental. Houve relação significativa entre o sexo dos participantes e as comorbidades associadas à Hipertensão Arterial, sendo mais prevalente nas mulheres. Conclusão: Destaca-se neste trabalho a importância de políticas públicas que tenham como referência a vulnerabilidade apresentada pelas mulheres em relação à HA suas comorbidades, estabelecendo medidas eficazes, voltadas para a fisiologia, cultura, modo de pensar e agir, mediante estratégias criativas e, ainda, reavaliando condutas e mensurando resultados, a fim de alcançar a integralidade da assistência e, não somente as metas governamentais
Three-dimensional micro displacement sensor based on fiber SPR mechanisms
Authors: Wei Yong , Shi Chen , Liu Chunlan , Liu Chunbiao , Wang Xingkai , Tang Yixiong , Wang Rui , Liu Zhihai
Published: January 2023

Three fiber micro displacement sensors can be combined to realize three-dimensional (3D) displacement sensing, but the system is complex. In this paper, a 3D displacement sensor based on fiber SPR was proposed, which was composed of displacement fiber and sensing fiber. By cascading the eccentric dual-core fiber and graded multimode fiber, the displacement fiber was realized. The V-groove was processed in the vertical and horizontal directions of the graded multimode fiber, and the inclined SPR sensing areas were fabricated to realize the sensing fiber. A straight beam from the middle core of the displacement fiber contacted the vertical V-groove inclined plane of the sensing fiber to realize the Y axis (up and down) direction micro displacement, contacted the horizontal V-groove inclined plane of the sensing fiber to realize the Z axis (front and back) direction micro displacement sensing. An oblique beam from the eccentric core of the displacement fiber cooperated with the sensing fiber to realize the micro displacement sensing in the X-axis (left and right) direction. The testing results indicate that the fiber SPR 3D micro displacement sensor can sense micro displacement in the X axis, Y axis and Z axis, and the wavelength sensitivity is 0.148 nm/µm, -3.724 nm/µm and 3.543 nm/µm, respectively. The light intensity sensitivity is -0.0014a.u./µm, -0.0458a.u./µm and -0.0494a.u./µm, respectively. When adjusting the parameters of eccentric dual-core fiber, the larger the core distance is, the greater the displacement sensitivity in the X-axis direction of the sensor is, and the smaller the detection range is. The proposed sensor can realize 3D micro displacement sensing by itself, which is expected to be used in the field of 3D micro displacement measurement and 3D space precision positioning.
High-efficiency and compact two-dimensional exit pupil expansion design for diffractive waveguide based on polarization volume grating
Authors: Weng Yishi , Zhang Yuning , Wang Wei , Gu Yuchen , Wang Chuang , Wei Ran , Zhang Lixuan , Wang Baoping
Published: January 2023

We propose a two-dimensional exit pupil expansion (2D-EPE) design of a diffractive waveguide (DW) based on polarization volume grating (PVG). The designed waveguide structure and pupil expansion principle are introduced in this paper. The light propagation behavior and available field of view (FoV) of the proposed waveguide are investigated by simulations. In addition, the waveguide sample based on the proposed design is prepared, and an imaging system based on a monochromatic MicroLED projector is built for AR imaging experiments. The experimental results show that the prepared waveguide system can achieve a clear AR display with a diagonal FoV of 30° and obtain an exit pupil magnification of nearly 20 times compared to the entrance pupil size. The optical imaging efficiency was measured to be 3.85%, and the backward light leakage rate was as low as 8.7%. This work further enhances the feasibility and practicality of the PVG-waveguide technology and provides a promising candidate for AR-DW applications.
Perfectly matched layer for biaxial hyperbolic materials
Authors: Ge Zixun , Tao Sicen , Chen Huanyang
Published: January 2023

Hyperbolic materials have attracted considerable interest for their unique open hyperbolic dispersion properties. These materials support high-momentum propagating modes and strong light confinement, leading to a wide range of applications including super-resolution technologies, negative refraction and long-life propagation. Even with these wonderful optical properties, hyperbolic materials, however, cause problems when applying perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary conditions in numerical simulation software such as COMSOL Multiphysics. Due to the unfit embedded attenuation function, the built-in PML of simulation software would result in a mass of reflections in the computational domain when the background medium is hyperbolic materials. Here, we take advantage of an imaginary coordinate mapping and the complex coordinate stretching of transformation optics theory to design a PML for biaxial hyperbolic materials, which avoids any reflections and can be tuned flexibly. The proposed recipe can provide antidote and new insights for hyperbolic material studies.
Angle of polarization calibration for omnidirectional polarization cameras
Authors: Bai Xiaoyang , Zhu Zhongmin , Schwing Alexander , Forsyth David , Gruev Viktor
Published: January 2023

Polarization cameras quantify one of the fundamental properties of light and capture intrinsic properties of the imaged environment that are otherwise omitted by color sensors. Many polarization applications, such as underwater geolocalization and sky-based polarization compass, require simultaneous imaging of the entire radial optical field with omnidirectional lenses. However, the reconstructed angle of polarization captured with omnidirectional lenses has a radial offset due to redirection of the light rays within these lenses. In this paper, we describe a calibration method for correcting angle of polarization images captured with omnidirectional lenses. Our calibration method reduces the variance of reconstructed angle of polarization from 76.2

∘

to 4.1

∘

. Example images collected both on an optical bench and in nature, demonstrate the improved accuracy of the reconstructed angle of polarization with our calibration method. The improved accuracy in the angle of polarization images will aid the development of polarization-based applications with omnidirectional lenses.
High thermo-optic tunability in PECVD silicon-rich amorphous silicon carbide
Authors: Chang Li-Yang Sunny , Pappert Steve , Yu Paul K. L.
Published: January 2023

In this work, the thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) of the silicon-rich amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) thin film deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) was characterized. We found that the TOC of the film increases as its silicon content increases. A more than threefold improvement in the TOC was measured, reaching a TOC as high as 1.88×10−4∘C−1, which is comparable to that of crystalline silicon. An efficient thermo-optic phase shifter has also been demonstrated by integrating the silicon-rich a-SiC micro-ring structure with a NiCr heater. Tunability of 0.117 nm/mW was demonstrated, and a corresponding tuning efficiency P
π
as low as 4.2 mW has been measured at an optical wavelength of 1550 nm. These findings make silicon-rich a-SiC a good candidate material for thermo-optic applications in photonic integrated circuits.
Carbon dioxide mid-infrared sensing based on Dy3+-doped chalcogenide waveguide photoluminescence
Authors: Bodiou Loïc , Baillieul Marion , Nazabal Virginie , Lemaitre Jonathan , Benardais Albane , Meziani Sofiane , Lorrain Nathalie , Dumeige Yannick , Nemec Petr , Charrier Joël
Published: January 2023

Climate-active gases, notably carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), display fundamental absorption bands in the mid-infrared (mid-IR). The detection and monitoring of those gases could be enabled by the development of mid-IR optical sources. Broadband mid-IR on-chip light emission from rare-earth-doped chalcogenide photonic integrated circuits could provide a compact, efficient, and cost-effective gas sensing solution. Mid-IR photoluminescence of dysprosium-doped selenide ridge waveguides obtained under optical pumping at a telecommunication wavelength (∼1.3 µm) is investigated for Dy3+ ion concentrations in the 2500–10,000 ppmw range. CO2 detection at around 4.3 µm is then demonstrated based on absorption of this broadband mid-IR emission.