bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of hand hygiene intervention on hand washing ability of school-aged children
Authors: khan Samreen , Ashraf Hiba , Iftikhar Sundus , Baig-Ansari Naila
Published: February 2021

Background:

To assess the current knowledge related to hand washing and efficiency of intervention on hand washing techniques amongst school children.

Methodology:

A randomized control trial was conducted amongst class II students of a private school in korangi, karachi. Pre-intervention assessment including baseline knowledge and observed practices of hand washing in comparison with World Health Organization (WHO) standard hand washing techniques was done. This was followed by education and demonstration of proper hand washing steps by principal investigator utilizing visual aids. Participants were then randomized into two group: Group A (education only group) and Group B (education along with glow gel application group). First post-intervention assessment was conducted on same day where both groups were observed for the hand washing steps and scored for hand washing technique. In addition, participants of group B were shown germs under Ultraviolet (UV) light. School was revisited after 1 week later and participants were reassessed for their hand washing technique along with cleanliness grade after applying glow gel and observing under UV light. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.

Result:

No significant differences were found in median hand washing scores pre-intervention between both the groups (Group A vs B: 4 vs 5, P value = 0.659), while significant improvement in median hand washing scores was seen post intervention in group B as compared to group A (7 vs 6, P value = 0.011). However, no significant differences were seen in median hand washing scores at follow-up between both the groups (Group A vs B: 9 vs 8.5, P value = 0.715) but a significant improvement was observed in both the groups in the hand washing practices from baseline (P-value = 0.000). On the contrary, no significant differences were found in median cleanliness grade between both the groups (Median for both the groups was 5, P value = 0.695).

Conclusions:

Hand washing education utilizing various aids is an effective method to improve children's hand washing capability. This short-term intervention was effective even in absence of glow gel, but no cleanliness of hands was observed in both the groups.
Utility and perceptions about web-based academics among physicians during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bhattarai Dharmagat , Sharma Abhishek , Sengupta Parama
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Coronaviral disease-19 is the global challenge for medical fraternity and public health sector. Need of social distancing has compelled physicians and surgeons to continue medical education through virtual mode like webinar.

Objective:

To study the perceptions, practice and preferences of medical residents and professionals about webinar-based teaching.

Methods:

An internet-based google-sheet questionnaire was circulated via email and social media for opining different facts about webinar-based teaching. Responses were analysed further to find the facts and preferences.

Results:

Our study showed that majority of participants found webinars as a useful and sustainable mode of teaching however some of them felt it as an overdone action resulting in unnecessary stress.

Conclusion:

Teaching through virtual mode (e.g. webinar) is definitely a valuable tool for medical education especially during the need of social distancing. Its frequency, quantity, and quality should be monitored properly for the optimum outcome.
Mental health literacy among secondary school female students in Abha, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abonassir Alhanouf Ali , Siddiqui Aesha Farheen , Abadi Safar A. , Al-Garni Abdulaziz Mohamme , Alhumayed Razan Suliman , Tirad Reem Saeed , Almotairi Shahad Abdulrahman , Mohammed Asiri Ahad Essa , Ibraheem Asiri Fatimah Yahya , Alshahran Nojoud Zoraib , Abonassir Bassam Ali
Published: February 2021

Background:

Worldwide, mental health is a big problem and Saudi Arabia is not far behind in observing this. It seems that progress in the field of mental health is slow. Interventions in mental health education have resulted in positive results. Participation by family members, sensitization to care and social integration include some of methods believed to target understanding and counter stigma surrounding mental illness.

Aim:

To assess mental health literacy among female students of secondary schools in Abha city, kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:

A descriptive cross-sectional study from May 2019 to 2020 was conducted at the female governmental secondary schools in Abha sector. A total sample of 350 female students from a total of 5000 students were included. Sampled students were selected from secondary schools using probability proportionate to size using two stage cluster sample technique. Data were collected from students directly using pre-structured questionnaire. The researchers created the study questionnaire after extensive literature review and expert consultation.

Results:

Almost half (48.9%) study participants had good awareness of the signs and indications of anxiety and depression. Loss of confidence and poor self-esteem were identified as signs of depression by 81%, sleep disturbance by 77% and disturbed appetite by 76.2% participants. Parent's education level and occupation, participant's educational performance and family living arrangement were significantly related with their awareness in univariate analysis. Father's education level (ORA = 1.45), maternal engagement with occupation (ORA = 4.18) and participant living with parents (ORA = 5.4) were identified as predictors of mental health awareness. Social media was reported as the most common source of awareness. The approach towards individuals with mental illness were helpful.

Conclusions and recommendations:

In conclusion, the study revealed that secondary school students had satisfactory awareness level regarding mental health and its impact. They exhibited positive attitude towards friendship with person having mental illness.
Post-abortion care services at Red Sea State – Sudan
Authors: Satti Ismail , Satti Marwa Y. , Salim Nahid A. , Mahmoud Abdalhafeez O.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Although there are safe and effective methods of abortion, unsafe abortions still widely spread, mainly in underdeveloped countries.

Objective:

Study of post abortion care services at Red Sea State to address rate and utilization of post-abortion care package.

Methods:

This is a descriptive (observational hospital-based study), conducted at Port Sudan Maternity hospital (May 2018–May 2019). The sample included all patients with inevitable and incomplete miscarriage.

Results:

The total admissions to emergency in gynaecological department during the study period was 9525 cases, of them 1077 cases of abortion, hence the rate was 11.3%. Spontaneous onset occurred in 631 (58.6%) and induced in 446 (41.4%). Surprisingly very few surgical evacuations done in 2 (0.2%). 710 (66.1%) evacuated by Misoprostol and MVA done for 362 (33.7%). Patients who received family planning and counseling were 223 (20.7%).

Conclusion:

in conclusion the rate of abortion was 11.3%, high incidence of induced abortion and high non-surgical evacuation. Utilization of care package is reasonable.
International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Webinar Series - An Effective Global Educational Initiative During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Poudel Manoj K. , Dy Rochelle , Oh-Park Mooyeon , Gimigliano Francesca , Kiekens Carlotte , Li Leonard , Frontera Walter R.
Published: February 2021

The International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (ISPRM) has recently started an educational initiative named “ISPRM Webinar Series,” broadcasting a series of live interactive online webinar sessions over 3 months. The objectives of the webinars were to connect rehabilitation professionals worldwide, share experiences/expertise, and create teaching-learning activities during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The pandemic has been adversely affecting the lives of people including being a big challenge to the medical community. The specialty of physical and rehabilitation medicine is facing challenges and simultaneously having unique opportunities to contribute to the care of COVID-19 survivors. This article describes the purpose, educational structure, and overall experiences during the ISPRM Webinar Series. Distinguished speakers/panelists from around the world delivered their message, expertise, and experience in several topics with a special emphasis on the COVID-19 pandemic. A historical moment for ISPRM was when the Honorable Director General of the World Health Organization, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, sent a special message to ISPRM and its global audience. The audience for the various webinars has included colleagues from 101 countries and territories, with an average number of 365 participants per live session and a high prevalence of youth. In conclusion, based on the feedback of the participants, the ISPRM Webinar Series proved to be a timely and effective educational initiative with wide-spread global reach during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Бирациональные типы алгебраических орбифолдов
Authors: Kresch Andrew , Tschinkel Yuri
Published: February 2021

Строится вариант группы бирациональных символов Концевича, Пестуна и второго автора. Он применяется к определению бирациональных инвариантов алгебраических орбифолдов.
Библиография: 20 названий.
Версальные семейства эллиптических кривых с рациональным 3-кручением
Authors: Bekker Boris Mikhailovich , Zarhin Yuri Gennad'evich
Published: February 2021

Над произвольным полем характеристики, отличной от 2 и 3, строятся версальные семейства эллиптических кривых, $3$-кручение которых либо рационально, либо изоморфно $\mathbb Z/3\mathbb Z\oplus \mu_3$ как модуль Галуа.
Библиография: 10 названий.
Clinical Performance and Analytical Sensitivity of Three SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Freire-Paspuel Byron , Garcia-Bereguiain Miguel Angel
Published: February 2021

Hundreds of RT-qPCR kits are available in the market for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, some of them with emergency use authorization (EUA) by the Food Drug Administration (FDA) or their country of origin agency, but also many of them without any independent clinical performance evaluation. We performed a clinical evaluation for two Chinese SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR kits available in South America, COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Test Kit (eDiagnosis Biomedicine, Wuhan, China) and 2019-nCoV Nucleic Acid Diagnostic Kit (Sansure Biotech, Changsha, China), for RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis using the FDA EUA 2019-nCoV CDC kit (IDT, Coralville, IA) as gold standard. We found an excellent clinical performance and analytical sensitivity for both kits with sensitivity values of 100% and 95.3% and estimated limit of detection of 500 copies/mL and 1,000 copies/mL, for eDiagnosis and Sansure Biotech kits, respectively. COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Test Kit (eDiagnosis) and 2019-nCoV Nucleic Acid Diagnostic Kit (Sansure Biotech) are both made in China and hold EUA by the Chinese CDC. Also, Sansure Biotech kit has EUA by the FDA. In conclusion, our results endorse the use of these two commercially available kits imported to Ecuador for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, as they had the similar clinical performance as the gold standard from the CDC.
Revisiting the functional bootstrap in TFHE
Authors: Guimarães Antonio , Borin Edson , Aranha Diego F.
Published: February 2021

The FHEW cryptosystem introduced the idea that an arbitrary function can be evaluated within the bootstrap procedure as a table lookup. The faster bootstraps of TFHE strengthened this approach, which was later named Functional Bootstrap (Boura et al., CSCML’19). From then on, little effort has been made towards defining efficient ways of using it to implement functions with high precision. In this paper, we introduce two methods to combine multiple functional bootstraps to accelerate the evaluation of reasonably large look-up tables and highly precise functions. We thoroughly analyze and experimentally validate the error propagation in both methods, as well as in the functional bootstrap itself. We leverage the multi-value bootstrap of Carpov et al. (CT-RSA’19) to accelerate (single) lookup table evaluation, and we improve it by lowering the complexity of its error variance growth from quadratic to linear in the value of the output base. Compared to previous literature using TFHE’s functional bootstrap, our methods are up to 2.49 times faster than the lookup table evaluation of Carpov et al. (CT-RSA’19) and up to 3.19 times faster than the 32-bit integer comparison of Bourse et al. (CT-RSA’20). Compared to works using logic gates, we achieved speedups of up to 6.98, 8.74, and 3.55 times over 8-bit implementations of the functions ReLU, Addition, and Maximum, respectively.
Time-Memory Analysis of Parallel Collision Search Algorithms
Authors: Trimoska Monika , Ionica Sorina , Dequen Gilles
Published: February 2021

Parallel versions of collision search algorithms require a significant amount of memory to store a proportion of the points computed by the pseudo-random walks. Implementations available in the literature use a hash table to store these points and allow fast memory access. We provide theoretical evidence that memory is an important factor in determining the runtime of this method. We propose to replace the traditional hash table by a simple structure, inspired by radix trees, which saves space and provides fast look-up and insertion. In the case of many-collision search algorithms, our variant has a constant-factor improved runtime. We give benchmarks that show the linear parallel performance of the attack on elliptic curves discrete logarithms and improved running times for meet-in-the-middle applications.
A White-Box Masking Scheme Resisting Computational and Algebraic Attacks
Authors: Seker Okan , Eisenbarth Thomas , Liskiewicz Maciej
Published: February 2021

White-box cryptography attempts to protect cryptographic secrets in pure software implementations. Due to their high utility, white-box cryptosystems (WBC) are deployed by the industry even though the security of these constructions is not well defined. A major breakthrough in generic cryptanalysis of WBC was Differential Computation Analysis (DCA), which requires minimal knowledge of the underlying white-box protection and also thwarts many obfuscation methods. To avert DCA, classic masking countermeasures originally intended to protect against highly related side-channel attacks have been proposed for use in WBC. However, due to the controlled environment of WBCs, new algebraic attacks against classic masking schemes have quickly been found. These algebraic DCA attacks break all classic masking countermeasures efficiently, as they are independent of the masking order.In this work, we propose a novel generic masking scheme that can resist both DCA and algebraic DCA attacks. The proposed scheme extends the seminal work by Ishai et al. which is probing secure and thus resists DCA, to also resist algebraic attacks. To prove the security of our scheme, we demonstrate the connection between two main security notions in white-box cryptography: probing security and prediction security. Resistance of our masking scheme to DCA is proven for an arbitrary order of protection, using the well-known strong non-interference notion by Barthe et al. Our masking scheme also resists algebraic attacks, which we show concretely for first and second-order algebraic protection. Moreover, we present an extensive performance analysis and quantify the overhead of our scheme, for a proof-of-concept protection of an AES implementation.
Accommodation Strategies of College Students with Disabilities
Authors: Barnar-Brak Lucy , Lectenberger DeAnn , Lan William
Published: February 2021

College students with disabilities develop and utilize strategies to facilitate their learning experiences due to their unique academic needs. Using a semi-structured interview technique to collect data and a technique based in grounded theory to analyze this data, the purpose of this study was to discern the meaning of disclosure for college students with disabilities in relation to the strategies they invoke while seeking accommodations. The study revealed three underlying themes common to the accommodation-seeking strategies of the participants who were academically successful college students with disabilities. These themes include: scripting disclosure of one's disability; negotiating accommodations with faculty; and downplaying one's disability status.
Innovative Data Collection Strategies in Qualitative Research
Authors: Onwuegbuzie Anthony , Leech Nancy , Collins Kathleen
Published: February 2021

This article provides an innovative meta-framework comprising strategies designed to guide qualitative data collection in the 21st century. We present a meta-framework comprising strategies for collecting data from interviews, focus groups, observations, and documents/material culture. We present a template for collecting nonverbal data during interviews and discuss the concept of debriefing the interviewer. We identify types of data that can be collected in focus groups in addition to the actual statements made by the participants and provide templates for categorizing these data. Also, we outline the role that social networking websites can play in focus group interviews. Further, we provide models for observations that include photographs and videos. Finally, we outline ways of accessing and collating documents/material culture that can be used for document analyses.
The Analysis of an Unsuccessful Novice Teacher's Induction Experiences: A Case Study Presented through Layered Account
Authors: Fry Sara
Published: February 2021

Although induction support is heralded as an effective way to reduce high attrition among beginning teachers, nationwide increases in induction participation have not been accompanied by a comparable reduction in attrition rates. This inconsistency suggests some induction programs may not provide adequate support. This article presents the results of a case study that explored the experiences of a beginning teacher who left the profession despite participation in an induction program. The research question was: "Why was Stella unsuccessful in her second year of teaching?" The results are presented through the postmodern ethnographic method of layered account (Ronai, 1997). In addition to raising questions about how to effectively support new teachers, this article includes a discussion of methodological limitations, ethics, subjectivity, and researcher response to participant distress.
The Heroes' Journey: A Young Couple's Experience with Choriocarcinoma
Authors: Marlowe Dan , Hodgson Jennifer , Lamson Angela
Published: February 2021

A 20 year retrospective qualitative case study was conducted to investigate the relational impact of choriocarcinoma (a type of gestational cancer) on a couple of child-bearing age. A unique feature to the study was that the primary investigator was the couple's biological son, initiating the first known auto-case study design. Using holistic content analysis, investigators learned that anticipatory grief played a central part in the couple's ultimate detachment and divorce. While the wife began to refocus her emotional energies on her children, in psychological preparation for her possible death, the husband focused on ways to keep the family finances together in preparation for life after cancer. He perceived her emotional detachment from him as abandonment. In spite of taking separate paths, the two perceived one another as heroes. The conceptual and clinical implications for a young couple battling gestational cancer are discussed.
The Vulnerable Researcher: Some Unanticipated Challenges of Doctoral Fieldwork
Authors: Ballamingie Patricia , Johnson Sherrill
Published: February 2021

This paper draws explicitly on the field experiences of two doctoral researchers in geography to elucidate some of the challenges and issues related to researcher vulnerability that are especially acute for graduate students. In spite of significant differences in context, both researchers experienced an unanticipated degree of professional vulnerability during their doctoral fieldwork that warrants further exploration, including a theoretical interrogation of the complex (and shifting) terrain of power relations within qualitative research projects. This paper addresses the lacuna in the qualitative methodological research literature on the topic of researcher vulnerability (in contrast to the well-developed discussion of participant vulnerability). Throughout, the authors suggest possible strategies for mitigating researcher vulnerability while protecting the overall integrity of the research process.
DESAIN MEJA KERJA STAF ADMINISTRASI SMAN 7 SAMARINDA
Authors: Adam M. Wakhid Bryan , Shyafary Darius
Published: February 2021

Abstrak

 Meja adalah salah satu furniture yang memiliki permukaan datar dan bagian bawahnya disokong oleh empat kaki dan memiliki sebuah laci. Yang dimaksud dengan meja kerja adalah suatu produk yang digunakan oleh direktur, staf maupun pegawai sebagai alas untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan kantor. Dalam pekerjaan seorang Staf Administrasi SMAN 7 Samarinda pastinya menggunakan sebuah meja yang dapat memenuhi semua kebutuhan dalam bekerja, Salah satunya adalah tempat penyimpanan berkas pekerjaan dan memiliki ukuran yang sesuai dengan ruangan yang ada. Saat ini Staf Administrasi SMAN 7 Samarinda memiliki meja kerja yang ada pada umumnya, akan tetapi memiliki kondisi yang kurang memadahi seperti halnya pada laci penyimpanan berkas yang rusak atau bolong serta belum adanya modifikasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan penggunanya dalam hal kenyamanan dan fungsionalnya. Dengan kondisi tersebut si pengguna itu sendiri harus meletakkan berkas-berkas pekerjaan diatas meja. Dengan metode yang sudah dilakukan di antaranya, prelimanary design, design development dan final design, maka didapatkan hasil akhir perancangan meja kerja staf Administrasi SMAN 7 Samarinda yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan konsumen dan kenyamanan pada saat digunakan serta diperlukan modifikasi. Dengan dibuatnya Meja Kerja ini dapat membantu aktivitas pekerjaan Staf Administrasi SMAN 7 Samarinda.

Kata Kunci : meja,meja kerja, minimalis.

 

Abstract

 A table is one of the furniture that has a flat surface and the bottom is supported by four legs and has a drawer. What is meant by a work desk is a product that is used by directors, staff and employees as a base for completing office work. In the work of an Administrative Staff of SMAN 7 Samarinda, of course, using a table that can fulfill all the needs of work, one of which is a file storage job and has a size that matches the existing room. Currently the SMAN 7 Samarinda Administrative Staff has an existing work desk in general, but has less adequate conditions such as in damaged or perforated file storage drawers and there has been no modification in accordance with the user's needs in terms of comfort and functionality. Under these conditions the user himself must put the work files on the table. With the methods that have been carried out including, data collection, data analysis, and final design, the final results of the design of the SMAN 7 Samarinda Administration staff work table are in accordance with consumer needs and convenience when used and modifications needed. With the creation of this Work Desk can help work activities Administrative Staff of SMAN 7 Samarinda.

Keywords: desk, work desk, minimalist.
PERENCANAAN POLIKLINIK JIWA DI SAMARINDA, PENEKANAN PADA ORGANISASI RUANG
Authors: Thamrin Nur Husniah , Hidayati Zakiah , Lestari Ayu
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

 The Mental Polyclinic in Samarinda is a health facility that focuses on mental disorders, namely schizophrenia. The purpose of this design is to realize a health facility for people with schizophrenia with adequate facilities and infrastructure. The design of the polyclinic that supports the concept of spatial planning is space organization to provide convenience for its users. Given that the facilities and infrastructure needed for sufferers of mental disorders are important, therefore space organizations need to be considered well so as not to endanger patients. The architectural style used is modern tropical architecture to support the concept of a therapeutic garden that will be used to support the recovery of patients. This design uses field observations and interviews to obtain data and information. So that a site location is obtained that is in accordance with the design of the Soul Polyclinic with a strategic site for the location of trade and services in Samarinda City.

 Keywords: Soul, polyclinic, space

 

ABSTRAK

 Poliklinik Jiwa di Samarinda merupakan sebuah fasilitas kesehatan yang berfokus kepada gangguan jiwa yaitu skizofrenia.  Adapun tujuan dari perancangan ini adalah untuk mewujudkan sebuah fasilitas kesehatan bagi penderita skizofrenia dengan sarana dan prasarana yang memadai. Perancangan poliklinik yang mendukung konsep penyusunan ruang yaitu organisasi ruang untuk memberikan kenyamanan bagi penggunanya. Mengingat bahwa sarana dan prasarana yang dibutuhkan bagi penderita gangguan jiwa merupakan hal yang penting, maka dari itu organisasi ruang perlu diperhatikan dengan baik agar tidak membahayakan pasien. Gaya arsitektur yang digunakan yaitu arsitektur modern tropis untuk mendukung konsep taman terapeutik yang akan digunakan untuk mendukung kesembuhan pasien.

Perancangan ini menggunakan observasi lapangan dan wawancara untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi.  Sehingga diperoleh sebuah lokasi site yang sesuai dengan perancangan Poliklinik Jiwa dengan site yang strategis untuk lokasi perdagangan dan jasa di Kota Samarinda.

 Kata kunci : jiwa, poliklinik, ruang
REDESIGN SMART TRAVELING BAG MULTIFUNGSI UNTUK BALITA DAN ORANG TUA
Authors: Anam Choirul , Permana Rizal Bagus
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK

 Tas adalah barang yang sering dibawa oleh traveler yang sudah berkeluarga dan memiliki balita dengan mengendarai sepeda motor. Terdapat peralatan yang banyak sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah solusi untuk membawa perlengkapan balita dan perlengkapan orang tua apabila traveling sedang dilakukan selama empat jam. Smart Bag merupakan salah satu jenis tas yang berbentuk ransel yang memiliki berbagai fungsi yang sedang diminati untuk traveling dengan disertai beberapa teknologi yang nyaman saat digunakan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pencarian data adalah mix metode, yaitu metode penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif (metode penelitian berdasarkan observasi dan wawancara) dan kuantitatif (metode penelitian berdasarkan hasil kuisioner). Menurut hasil survey, wawancara dan penyebaran kuisioner di dua tempat yaitu Waterpark Kenjeran Surabaya dan Kebun Binatang Surabaya. Kemudian dari hasil pengumpulan data tersebut diolah kembali dengan cara melakukan beberapa analisis-analisis terkait dengan kebutuhan dan permasalahan. Analisis yang dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan permasalahan yang ada di lingkungan yaitu analisis desain, analisis perilaku, analisis teknologi, analisis ergonomi dan antropometri, analisis kompetitor dan analisis layout penempatan.

 Kata Kunci : Desain, Tas Pintar Multifungsi, Perjalanan, Orang Tua, Balita

 

ABSTRACT

Bags are items that are often taken by travelers who are married and have a toddler riding a motorcycle. There is a lot of equipment so that we need a solution to bring toddler equipment and parental equipment efficient when traveling is done for four hours. Smart Bag is one type of bag in the form of a backpack that has various functions that are in demand for traveling, accompanied by some comfortable technology when used. The method used in the search for data is a mix of methods, namely research methods that use qualitative approaches (research methods based on observations and interviews) and quantitative (research methods based on the results of the questionnaire). According to survey results, interviews and questionnaires in two places, namely Surabaya Kenjeran Waterpark and Surabaya Zoo. Then the results of the data collection are reprocessed by conducting several analyzes related to needs and problems. Analysis conducted to meet the needs and problems in the environment, namely design analysis, behavior analysis, technology analysis, ergonomics and anthropometry analysis, competitor analysis and placement layout analysis.       

 Keywords: design, multifunction smart bag, travel, parents, toddler
Production Of Heterozygous And Homozygous Clones Of Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.): Evidence From DNA Fingerprinting And Mixed Leukocyte Reaction
Authors: Ben-Dom Naomi , Cherfas Nina B.
Published: February 2021

The production of two heterozygous and one homozygous clones of the Israeli Dor-70 line of com- mon carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was tested using DNA fingerprinting (DFP) and mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) analysis. The clones were obtained in large-scale production from mitotic gyno- genetic females and males (sex-inversed). MLR analysis was used to examine major histocom- patibility complex (MHC) antigens in individuals. DFP provided evidence concerning identity in the whole genome. Both methods showed that individuals within a progeny were identical, confirming genetic uniformity within each clone and showing that no paternal DNA was transmitted during mitotic and meiotic gynogenesis. The results indicated that uniformity of DFP in progeny of the homozygous clone is obtained only when the mother is fully homozygous, and in the heterozygous clone only if both parents are fully homozygous. The results of both methods provide evidence, though indirect, that the mitotic gynogenetic parents of these fish (mother of the homozygous clone, mother and father of the heterozygous clones) were fully homozygous.
Embryonic and Pre-Larval Development of Shabbout (Barbus grypus H.)
Authors: Sahinoz Erdinc , Dogu Zafer , Faruk Aral.
Published: February 2021

As a preliminary step towards assessing its aquaculture potential, egg development and artificial breeding in shabbout (Barbus grypus Heckel 1843) was studied. Artificial insemination was achieved by mixing eggs and a sperm-testes extract. The fertilization rate was 60%. Diameters of fertilized eggs ranged 2.58-2.70 mm. The perivitelline space formed 20 min after insemination and contained no oil droplets. A blastodisc split two blastomeres of nearly equal size 80 min after insemination and first cleavage occurred 4-4.5 h after insemination. The gastrula stage was completed after 12.5 h and the embryonic body formed after 14 h. The first somites were observed at 28 h and the first heartbeat at 72 h. The first hatched larva appeared at 84 h and all eggs hatched within 92 h. The mouth opening occurred after 188 h. Head pigmentation was nearly complete together with the formation of the tail fin by 480 h, after which the tail fin gained its homocercal formation and the pigmentation spread throughout the body.
Effect of Partial Substitution of Fish Meal with Sunflower Meal on Feed Utilization, Intestinal Digestive Enzyme, Hematological Indexes, Intestinal, and Liver Morphology on Juvenile Turbot (Scophthal musmaximus L.)
Authors: He Gen , Xu Wei , Mai Kangsen , Man Mingsan , Bian Fuyun , Li Chaoqun , Zhou Huihui
Published: February 2021

A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate effects of partial substitution of fish meal (FM) by sunflower meal (SFM) on juvenile turbot (Scophthal musmaximus L.). Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with 0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 45% replacement of FM protein with protein from SFM. Triplicate groups of juvenile turbot (30 fish per group), were hand-fed twice daily to apparent satiation. Final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain rate (WGR), were not significantly influenced by type of plant protein at the 15% level (P>0.05), while higher levels showed significant reduction of FBW, SGR, WGR. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) and feed intake (FI) were significantly influenced when FM protein was replaced up to 45% (P<0.05). Body composition parameters were not affected by SFM substitution but body crude lipid was lowest and ash was highest at 45% (P<0.05). Trypsin and diastase values did not vary with experimental diets but lipase activity was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Catalase (CAT) values were significantly lower than the control (P<0.05) when substitution level reached or exceeded 35%; no significant differences were observed in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) values (P>0.05). In the SFM diet groups, all superoxide dismutase (SOD) values were significantly higher than the control (P<0.05); villi length and enterocytes were significantly reduced (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in microvilli height between diets; parenchyma structure of liver was severely damaged; smaller hepatocyte areas and areas with high levels of hepatocyte vacuolization and disorganization were present. All results indicated that SFM protein can partially replace FM protein in juvenile turbot diets without adverse effects.
Effects of Time after Hormonal Stimulation on Milt Properties in Waigieu Seaperch Psammoperca waigiensis
Authors: Brown Paul B , Le Minh Hoang
Published: February 2021

The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of time after stimulation with domperidone (DOM), luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (LHRHa), and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), on features of spermiation including milt physical properties, sperm motility parameters, and sperm morphology, in Waigieu seaperch Psammoperca waigiensis. Male broodfish were injected with either 0.9% saline solution (control), or a single dose of DOM [20 mg/kg body weight (BW)], LHRHa (20, 50, or 80 μg/kg BW), or HCG (500, 1000, or 1500 IU/kg BW). Milt samples were collected before hormone induction (0 h) to assess original milt condition, and at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post injection (p.i.). Results showed that treatment with saline solution, DOM, or LHRHa did not significantly alter milt physical properties, sperm motility parameters, or sperm morphology. Treatment with HCG at a dose of 1000 IU/kg BW significantly increased milt volume, total sperm production, and sperm motility parameters, but decreased spermatocrit and sperm concentration at 48 h p.i. These parameters were significantly reduced at 72 h p.i. In conclusion, our results suggest that Waigieu seaperch milt should be collected 48 h after hormonal stimulation with a single dose of HCG (1000 IU/kg BW) to ensure high properties of milt such as milt volume, total sperm production, and sperm motility parameters.
Acinetobacter lwoffii: an Emerging Pathogen for Red Head Disease in Farmed Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus
Authors: Yang Yibin , Li Yi , He Shan , Ye Weidong , Cao Haipeng
Published: February 2021

Red head disease has become a significant emerging cause of economic damage in the farming of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Only scare information is available on this disease caused by Acinetobacter lwoffii in channel catfish. In this study, a virulent strain, temporarily named R21, was isolated from diseased channel catfish suffering from red head disease, and identified through phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to examine isolate R21 and compare it to other known isolates. In addition, isolate R21 appears to be resistant to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, norfloxacin, and oxacillin, but is still susceptible to aminoglycosides, amphenicols, sulfonamides and tetracycline drugs for veterinary uses in aquaculture as revealed when screened against a range of common antibiotics. This study confirms A. lwoffii as an emerging pathogen for red head disease in farmed channel catfish.
Effects of Dietary Lecithin, Nucleoside, and Krill Supplementation to a Fishmeal Based Diet on Growth and Feed Utilization of Sharpsnout Sea Bream (Diplodus Puntazzo)
Authors: Ruiz-Navarro Ana , Rodrígue Lionel Santos , Guerra Elena , Sala-Pérez Manuel , Chatzifotis Stavros
Published: February 2021

The aim of this 96 day feeding trial was to investigate the effects of the addition of different combinations of dietary lecithin, nucleosides, and krill to a fishmeal-based diet on the growth, feed utilization, feed consumption, and body composition of sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo). Six hundred (600) fish (average weight 21.21 ± 0.06SD g) were divided into 8 groups (triplicate treatments) and fed eight isoenergetic fishmeal-based diets, (C-control, L-lecithin, N-nucleosides, K-krill, L+N-lecithin+nucleosides, N+K-nucleosides+krill, L+K-lecithin+krill, L+N+K-lecithin+nucleosides+krill). The effects of the dietary regimes were evaluated in terms of specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), daily feed intake (DFI), and whole body chemical composition (moisture, crude ash, crude protein and crude lipid). At the end the trial the fish had tripled their initial weight. SGR, FCR and DFI were 1.17-1.24 %, 0.95-1.01, and 1.03-1.14% respectively. Although differences were observed between some groups, none of the tested feed additives improved SGR, FCR, and DFI, compared to the control diet. Analysis of whole body proximate composition showed that moisture, crude ash, crude protein, and crude lipid ranged 61.45-64.00%, 3.96-4.26%, 15.44-17.26% and 14.87-18.82% respectively. Crude lipid concentration was higher in whole body of fish fed the nucleoside supplemented diet compared to control, lecithin, and krill groups. No other effects of the dietary regime on the whole body composition of sharpshout sea bream were observed.
Effects of Dietary Carbohydrates with Different Molecular Complexity on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, and Metabolic Responses of Juvenile Turbot Scophthalmus maximus
Authors: Mai Kangsen , Zhang Wenbing , Miao Huijun , Nie Qin , Miao Shuyan
Published: February 2021

A 9 week study was conducted to evaluate the ability of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus (initial body weight: 8.06 ± 0.08 g) to utilize carbohydrates of different molecular complexity (glucose, sucrose and dextrin) diets. Triplicate groups of fish were hand-fed each of the diets in a re-circulated water system. Results showed that weight gain rate and feed efficiency of fish fed dietary dextrin and the control diets were higher than those fed dietary glucose and sucrose diets (P<0.05). Fish fed dietary sucrose had significantly higher daily feed intake than those fed the other three diets (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility coefficients of carbohydrates were glucose > dextrin > sucrose with the lowest occurring in fish fed dietary sucrose. Lipid content in muscle and liver was significantly higher in fish fed the control diet, and muscle glycogen was significantly highest (P<0.05) in fish fed dietary glucose. The order of the liver glycogen was glucose > sucrose > dextrin > control. Insulin was significantly highest (P<0.05) in fish fed dietary dextrin plasma. In fish fed the control diet total cholesterol in plasma was highest (P<0.05), and triacylglycerols in plasma of fish fed the control and dietary dextrin diets were significantly highest (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggests that turbot can utilize dextrin more efficiently than glucose and sucrose.
Identification of Relevant Biomarkers in Mercury Exposed Clam Venerupis philippinarum.
Authors: Li Chenghua , Jin Chunhua , Zhang Weiwei , Zhang Ran , Chen Xiaocong , Zhang Anguo
Published: February 2021

This study assessed the impact of four different concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 μg/L) of mercury exposure on Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum based on the dynamic characteristics of antioxidant related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total glutathione content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content at 24 h and 48 h post exposure.

The results showed that hemocyte SOD activity was inhibited while GR hemocyte activity significantly increased in the 2.5 μg/L group after 24 h. Hemocyte ALP activity and (GSH) content were also elevated at the 7.5 μg/L and 10 μg/L groups when exposed for 24 h, respectively. SOD activity, GR activity, ALP activity and GSH content in the hemocytes were relatively sensitive to different concentrations of mercuric mercury (Hg2+), suggesting that they may act as potential biomarkers in assessing environmental mercury exposure on Venerupis philippinarum. At different levels of exposure, antioxidant parameters showed differing responses in gill tissue, but no biomarkers were discovered in the samples examined. We found that hemocytes are more suitable biomarkers than proteins in gill tissue. Some hemocyte biomarkers are promising candidates for monitoring mercury pollution in marine clams.
Characterization of Shewanella sp. Isolated from Cultured Loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus
Authors: Xianghui Kong , Li Li , Chen Chengxun , Shi Hongyue , Sun Jingfeng , Lü Aijun , Li Xue , Hu Xiucai
Published: February 2021

Shewanella infection of fish has become a significant problem in aquaculture. In September 2014, a disease was seen in cultured loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) in Xuzhou, central China. A gram-negative bacillus was isolated from the diseased loaches and was tentatively named strain MS1, which was then identified as Shewanella sp. by physiological and biochemical characteristics analysis. The strain MS1 showed highest 16S rRNA sequence identities (98.93%, 98.87%) with the latest two species listed (Shewanella sp. MR7, Shewanella sp. MR4). The phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences strongly indicated that the strain MS1 is most closely related to the new Shewanella strains MR7 and MR4. The isolate MS1 was confirmed as the pathogen of the infected loaches by experimental reinoculation. The strain was susceptible to most antimicrobial agents tested, but resistant to glycopeptides (vancomycin, teicoplanin) and lincosamide (lincomycin, clindamycin). This is the second report on Shewanella sp. isolated from the diseased loach.
Citrobacter freundii: a Causative Agent for Tail Rot Disease in Freshwater Cultured Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica
Authors: Chen Baiyao , Yang Xianle , Lu Liqun , Long Xiuwei , Cao Haipeng
Published: February 2021

Tail rot disease causes significant economic damage in freshwater farmed Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, yet information on Citrobacter freundii as a possible causal agent for this disease is scarce. In this study, a virulent strain, temporarily named MINA, was isolated from diseased A. japonica suffering from tail rot disease. It was identified through phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics and thus compared to other known isolates. Isolate MINA has developed multiple resistances to penicillin, quinolones and sulfonamide antibiotics as well as to amide alcohols, cephalosporin, glycopeptide and macrolide drugs used in aquaculture when screened against a range of common antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of tail rot disease caused by C. freundii in freshwater farmed A. japonica.
Molecular Characterization of MyD88 in Pinctada fucata and its Response to Lipopolysaccharides and Polyinosinic-cytidylic Acid
Authors: Zhang Dianchang , Jiang Shigui , Guo Huayang , Zhang Nan , Zhu Kecheng
Published: February 2021

Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a key and essential adapter involved in the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) and toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated activation signaling pathway. To investigate molecular characterization of MyD88 and its gene expression profile in response to stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic-cytidylic acid (poly (I: C)), we isolated the MyD88 cDNA sequence in Pinctada fucata and analyzed expression patterns using quantitative real-time PCR. Sequence analysis indicated that Pf-MyD88 cDNA is 1463bp in length and contains a1050bp open reading frame that encodes a 349 α peptide. Pf-MyD88 has the highest similarity with homologues of Crassostrea gigas and highly conserved death and toll/IL-1R domains. Furthermore, during LPS and poly (I:C)-stimulated experiments in the gill, peak expression levels of Pf-MyD88 were detected at 2h and 8h with a 1.58-fold and 3.58-fold increase, respectively. The results revealed the existence of a MyD88-dependent signaling pathway in P. fucata and contributed to understanding the potential role of Pf-MyD88 in the TLR/IL-1R-mediated signaling pathway.
Polymorphism in Growth Hormone Gene and its Association with Growth Traits in Siniperca chuatsi
Authors: Li Guifeng , Gu Yongming , Xu Peng , Lu Xue , Wang Pengfei , Sun Jijia , Wang Haifang
Published: February 2021

Growth hormone (GH) is a candidate gene for growth traits in fish. In this study, we assessed associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GH gene with growth traits in 357 Siniperca chuatsi individuals using high-resolution melting. Two SNPs were identified in GH gene, with one mutation in exon 5 (g.5045T>C), and one mutation in intron 5 (g.5234T>G). The corrections analysis of SNPs with the four growth traits was carried out using General Linear Model (GLM) estimation. Results showed that both of them were significantly associated with growth performance in S. chuatsi. For g.5234T>G, it was significantly associated with body weight (P＜0.01), body length (P＜0.05), body depth (P＜0.01), and body width (P＜0.01), and the individuals of genotype GG grew faster than those of genotypes TT and TG (P＜0.05). A further diplotype-trait association analysis confirmed that in fish with H3H2 (TC-GG) diplotype body weight, body length, and body width was greater than in those with other diplotypes (P＜0.05). These results demonstrated GH gene SNPs could be used as potential genetic markers in future marker assisted selection of S. chuatsi.
Effect of Dietary Tryptophan Levels on Growth and Hemato-Immunological Parameters in Juvenile Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Mi H. , Wang Y. , Wang W. , Sun R. , Teng T. , Zhang L. , Wu Y.
Published: February 2021

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary tryptophan on growth performance, feed utilization, hematological parameters and non-specific immune responses of juvenile Nile tilapia. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain graded levels of L- tryptophan (0.102%, 0.171%, 0.223%, 0.284%, 0.331% and 0.391% of dry weight respectively) from dietary ingredients and crystalline tryptophan. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 juvenile fish (1.41±0.01g) three times daily (8:30, 12:30, and 17:00 hours) to apparent satiation. Results showed that weight gain (WG) and special growth rate (SGR) increased with increased dietary tryptophan levels up to 0.284% and remained nearly the same thereafter. Dietary tryptophan requirement was best expressed by the quadratic regression equation y=-6251x2+3525x+538.1 R²= 0.895; based on weight gain against dietary tryptophan levels, with optimal dietary tryptophan requirement estimated to be 0.282% of the diet; corresponding to 6.24% of dietary protein on a dry weight basis. Tryptophan supplementation had no impact on the survival rate, body composition, antioxidant activities, hematological parameters, and non- specific immune parameters of tilapia. Our study indicated that tryptophan supplementation enhanced growth and promoted normal physiology. Our findings could be useful in the aquaculture industry.