bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of Performance Metrics for Batteries in Large‐Scale Energy Storage Systems from Perspective of Technique, Economics, Environment, and Safety
Authors: Zhao Zequan , Wang Chunying , Liu Bin , Hu Wenbin , Zhong Cheng
Published: November 2022

The battery is the core of large‐scale battery energy storage systems (LBESS). It is important to develop high‐performance batteries that can meet the requirements of LBESS for different application scenarios. However, large gaps exist between studies and practical applications because there are no uniform metrics for evaluating the performance of batteries. Herein, based on the fundamental requirements of LBESS, this perspective establishes the performance metrics of batteries for scenarios of load leveling, frequency regulation, and reserve application, respectively. Performance metrics include the technical metrics (e.g., the energy density, cycling performance, rate performance), economic metrics (levelized cost of energy), environmental metrics (sustainability of the material, recyclability of batteries, etc.), and safety metrics. The relationship between the proposed metrics and the application of the LBESS are discussed to guide the future studies.
Early prediction of Ibex 35 movements
Authors: Miranda García I. Marta , Segovia‐Vargas María‐Jesús , Mori Usue , Lozano José A.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we examine the early predictability of the market's directional movement using intraday high‐frequency data (695,764 observations) from an stock index (Ibex 35 Index) to provide, either private or institutional investors, an early warning system based on an “early indicator” of the financial market fluctuations with an optimal combination of the two more relevant variables for this strategy, accuracy, and earliness. A novel supervised machine learning early classification technique (Artificial Intelligence) has been applied, for the first time, to the high‐frequency time series of both price and certain technical indicators.

The results obtained allow us to assert that the intraday movement of the Ibex 35 can be predicted with acceptable levels of accuracy 24 min after the start of the session and to establish certain informative intraday hourly patterns. Consequently, different indicators of precision and earliness in the session are generated, obtaining that, after a certain point in the session, no gains in precision are generated.
Effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on the expression of aquaporin‐3 in the colon
Authors: Kon Risako , Ikarashi Nobutomo , Onuma Kazuhiro , Yasukawa Zenta , Ozeki Makoto , Sakai Hiroyasu , Kamei Junzo
Published: November 2022

In recent years, the development of functional foods targeting gastrointestinal disorders has been in progress. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), which is a water‐soluble dietary fiber, is known to have a constipation‐improving effect. However, many aspects of the mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of aquaporin‐3 (AQP3), which regulates the water content of feces in ameliorative effect of PHGG on constipation. Rats were allowed to freely consume a normal diet or a diet containing 5% PHGG for 14 days, and defecation parameters were measured. We also analyzed the expression levels of genes involved in water transport in the colon. The defecation frequency and volume of rats treated with PHGG were not different from those from the control group, but the fecal water content was significantly increased, and soft stools were observed. The expressions of claudin‐1, tight junction protein‐1, and cadherin‐1, which are involved in tight junctions or adherens junctions, were almost the same in the PHGG‐treated group and the control group. The expression level of AQP3 in the colon was significantly decreased in the PHGG‐treated group. In this study, PHGG decreased the colonic AQP3 expression, thereby suppressing water transport from the luminal side to the vascular side and improving constipation.
Reducing the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers via more strict control of gestational weight gain
Authors: Yin Wanchang , Chen Bingjun , Liu Chenning , Liu Yuhui , Yang Yilin , Li Xiuzi , Li Ruirui , Xie Jiangnan , He Fang
Published: November 2022

Objective

To explore the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) ‐positive women using a retrospective cohort study to provide advice on the management of GWG.

Methods

Our study included 39 539 pregnant women who gave birth at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Patients were divided into two groups: the HBsAg‐negative and HBsAg‐positive groups, comprising 36 500 and 3039 participants, respectively. We used univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses to explore the association between GWG and GDM in maternal hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier women.

Results

Being HBsAg positive and excessive GWG were independent risk factors for GDM. Excessive GWG was associated with a higher risk of GDM in HBsAg‐positive women. Among pre‐pregnancy women of normal weight, HBsAg‐positive women with adequate GWG had a higher risk of GDM than HBsAg‐negative women, whereas HBsAg‐positive women with inadequate GWG had a lower risk of GDM.

Conclusions

The optimal GWG ranges for pre‐pregnancy normal‐weight HBsAg‐positive pregnancies might be lower than the US Institute of Medicine recommendations. HBsAg‐positive women should strictly control GWG to reduce the risk of GDM.
Diffuse optical detection of global cerebral ischemia in an adult porcine model
Authors: Fu Chuhua , Wang Detian , Wang Long , Zhu Liguo , Li Zeren , Chen Tunan , Feng Hua , Li Fei
Published: November 2022

Rapid screening for ischemic strokes in prehospital settings may improve patient outcomes by allowing early deployment of vascular recanalization therapies. However, there are no low‐cost and convenient methods that can assess ischemic strokes in such a setting. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a promising method for continuous, noninvasive transcranial monitoring of cerebral blood flow. In this study, we used a DCS system to detect cerebral hemodynamics before and after acute ischemic stroke in pigs. Seven adult porcines were chosen to establish ischemic stroke models via bilateral common carotid artery ligation (n = 5) or air emboli (n = 2). The results showed a significant difference in blood flow index (BFI) between the normal and ischemic groups. Relative blood flow index (rBFI) exhibited excellent results. Therefore, the diffuse optical method can assess the hemodynamic changes in acute cerebral ischemic stroke onset in pigs, and rBFI may be a promising biomarker for identifying cerebral ischemic stroke.
Computational investigation of the radical‐mediated mechanism of formation of difluoro methyl oxindoles: Elucidation of the reaction selectivity and yields
Authors: Somnarin Thanachon , Krawmanee Pacharaporn , Gleeson Matthew Paul , Gleeson Duangkamol
Published: November 2022

Oxindoles are an important class of heterocyclic alkaloids with demonstrated pharmacological activity at multiple biological targets. Preparation of new analogs through novel synthetic routes is therefore highly attractive. In this work, we report a computational study to investigate the synthesis of ethoxycarbonyldifluoromethylated oxindoles from N‐arylmethacrylamides. The reaction tolerates a diverse range of acrylamides, shows yields ranging from approximately 38%–96%. We have applied density functional theory (DFT) to explore the reaction mechanism, kinetics and thermodynamics to gain further understanding. We demonstrate that a radical‐based ring closure reaction is energetically more favorable than a heterolytic process, that the rate‐determining step is the formation of the arylmethacrylamide radical, and that the product yields and selectivities are consistent with experiment. The results demonstrate that theoretical methods can prove useful to understand how such reaction and could be potentially employed to rapidly explore the reaction scope further.
The longitudinal changes of serum JKAP and IL‐17A, and their linkage with anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment in acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Wang Chaohui , Huo Huiyong , Li Juntao , Zhang Wenchao , Liu Chao , Jin Bei , Wang Huijuan , Zhao Ping
Published: November 2022

Background

Our previous study discovers that Jun N‐terminal kinase pathway‐associated phosphatase (JKAP) is dysregulated and negatively links with the disease severity in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. This study intended to further evaluate the linkage of JKAP and interleukin (IL)‐17A with anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment in AIS patients.

Methods

Serum JKAP and IL‐17A levels in 120 AIS patients at admission, 1st (D1), 3rd (D3), 7th (D7) day after admission, and from 20 controls, were detected by ELISA. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) were assessed in AIS patients at discharge.

Results

JKAP (p < 0.001) was reduced, but IL‐17A (p < 0.001) was increased in AIS patients versus controls, and negatively correlated with each other in AIS patients (p = 0.014). In AIS patients, JKAP was reduced from baseline to D1 and then increased to D7 (p < 0.001), while IL‐17A exhibited an opposite trend (p < 0.001). Notably, JKAP at D3 was negatively linked with HADS‐anxiety score (p = 0.044), then decreased JKAP at D3 (p = 0.017) and D7 (p = 0.037) related to increased anxiety occurrence. However, JKAP was not linked to HADS‐depression score or depression occurrence. Besides, JKAP at multiple time points were positively associated with MMSE score (all p < 0.05); decreased JKAP at D3 (p = 0.017) and D7 (p = 0.026) related to raised cognitive impairment occurrence.

Conclusion

JKAP initially decreases then shows an increasing trend after disease onset, and its decrement relates to elevated IL‐17A, anxiety and cognitive impairment in AIS patients.
Influence of comorbid social anxiety disorder in PTSD treatment outcomes for Prolonged Exposure in female military sexual trauma survivors with PTSD
Authors: Gros Daniel F. , Allan Nicholas P. , Koscinski Brandon , Keller Stephanie , Acierno Ron
Published: November 2022

Objective

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric disorder that frequently presents alongside other comorbid diagnoses. Although several evidence‐based psychotherapies have been well‐studied for PTSD, limited research has focused on the influence of diagnostic comorbidity on their outcomes. The present study sought to investigate the influence of comorbid social anxiety disorder on treatment outcomes in patients with PTSD.

Methods

One hundred and twelve treatment‐seeking female veteran participants with PTSD completed baseline assessments and received 12–15 sessions of Prolonged Exposure. Symptom measures were completed biweekly as well as at immediate posttreatment, 3‐month, and 6‐month follow‐ups.

Results

Thirty (26.8%) participants seeking PTSD treatment also met diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder. Multilevel modeling was used to examine effects of social anxiety disorder diagnosis on post‐intervention symptoms and revealed significantly worse outcomes for symptoms of PTSD and depression in participants with comorbid PTSD and social anxiety disorder.

Conclusion

Consistent with previous studies of co‐occurring PTSD and depression, present findings suggest that comorbid diagnoses may adversely affect disorder‐specific treatment outcomes. As such, the presence of diagnostic comorbidity may merit further consideration and potential adaptions to the traditional, disorder‐specific assessment and treatment practices for PTSD.
The association between autistic traits and serum testosterone, oxytocin, and androstenedione levels in prepubertal male drug naive children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Artık Abdulbaki , Çengel Kültür Sadriye Ebru , Portakal Oytun , Karaboncuk Arda Yamaç
Published: November 2022

Background

Children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) might have similar problems as in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and show impairment in social behaviour. Also, there is a relationship between social relationship skills and ToM (theory of mind) skills of children with ADHD. Besides, ASD is associated with prenatal exposure to high levels of androgens, and oxytocin plays a role in the modulation of emotions, coping with stress, and social behaviour like ASD. In this study, the relationship between autistic traits and serum oxytocin, testosterone, and androstenedione levels in prepubertal male drug naive children with ADHD has been investigated.

Method

Eighty‐three prepubertal children, who were diagnosed with ADHD between the ages of 6–10 years old, are included in the study. For the study, intelligence levels were evaluated by using WISC‐4, and autistic traits were measured by using both social responsiveness scale and theory of mind tests. In addition, serum oxytocin, testosterone, and androstenedione levels were measured by using ELISA.

Results

It has been found that serum testosterone levels of patients with lower autistic traits are significantly lower than those with moderate and severe autistic traits, while the serum oxytocin levels are significantly higher. Also, patients with severe autistic traits have had significantly higher serum androstenedione levels than those with lower and moderate autistic traits.

Conclusion

This study suggests that patients who have higher autistic traits have elevated testosterone and androstenedione levels and lower serum oxytocin levels. Further studies are needed to clarify this relationship.
Sequential histologic evolution of gallbladder inflammation in acute cholecystitis over the first 10 days after onset of symptoms
Authors: Panni Roheena Z. , Chatterjee Deyali , Panni Usman Y. , Robbins Keenan J. , Liu Jingxia , Strasberg Steven M.
Published: November 2022

Background

The timing of cholecystectomy during acute cholecystitis (AC) is controversial, especially whether it is advisable to perform in patients with duration of symptoms between 3 and 10 days. The purpose of this study is to define clearly the sequential evolution of histological changes following symptoms onset to guide recommendations regarding timing of cholecystectomy.

Methods

We identified patients with AC (2005–2018) who had cholecystectomy within 10 days of symptom onset of a first attack of AC. Histologic features of gallbladder injury including cellular and exudative inflammatory response to injury were determined on blinded pathologic slides.

Results

One hundred and forty‐nine patients were divided into three groups; early—who underwent cholecystectomy 1–3 days after symptom‐onset, intermediate—4–6 days, and late—7–10 days. Key features of injury were necrosis and hemorrhage. A subgroup of patients in the early phase developed severe necrosis and hemorrhage of an extent associated with difficult cholecystectomy. Large spikes in extent of necrosis and hemorrhage occurred at 7–10 days. Major inflammatory responses to injury were eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltration and early fibrosis.

Conclusions

Severe necrosis may develop rapidly and be present in the early period after symptom onset of AC. Cholecystectomy may be reasonable in some patients but by day 7–10, severe necrosis and hemorrhage may be expected to be present in most patients.
The emergence of recombinant norovirus GII.12[P16] and predominance of GII.3[P12] strains in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2019–2020
Authors: Phengma Phitchakorn , Khamrin Pattara , Jampanil Nutthawadee , Yodmeeklin Arpaporn , Ushijima Hiroshi , Maneekarn Niwat , Kumthip Kattareeya
Published: November 2022

Norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV) are important pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in all age groups, commonly in children worldwide. Recently, a number of studies have reported a wide variety of NoV recombinant strains. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of NoV and SaV recombinant strains circulating in Chiang Mai, Thailand, during 2019–2020. One hundred and twenty‐four NoV and seven SaV strains detected in children admitted to the hospital with AGE were included in this study. The partial RNA‐dependent RNA‐polymerase (RdRp)/VP1 regions of these NoV and SaV strains were analyzed by phylogenetic analysis, Simplot, and RDP software. Overall, eight recombination patterns of NoV were detected. NoV GII.4[P16] was the most common strain detected (39.1%), followed by GII.3[P12] (25.0%), GII.4[P31] (17.2%), and other recombinant strains were detected at a lower rate. NoV GII.12[P16] strains were detected for the first time in Thailand. For SaV, none of the recombinant strains was detected. All SaV strains, GI.1/GI.1, GI.2/GI.2, and GII.5/GII.5, exhibited VP1 genotype corresponded to RdRp genotype. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the distribution and diversity of NoV and SaV recombinant strains circulating in pediatric patients with AGE in Chiang Mai, during 2019–2020 with the emergence of NoV GII.3[P12] and GII.12[P16].
Rapid nondestructive detecting of sorghum varieties based on hyperspectral imaging and convolutional neural network
Authors: Bu Youhua , Jiang Xinna , Tian Jianping , Hu Xinjun , Han Lipeng , Huang Dan , Luo Huibo
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

The purity of sorghum varieties is an important indicator of the quality of raw materials used in the distillation of liquors. Different varieties of sorghum may be mixed during the acquisition process, which will affect the flavor and quality of liquor. To facilitate the rapid identification of sorghum varieties, this study proposes a sorghum variety identification model using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology combined with convolutional neural network (AlexNet).

RESULTS

First, the watershed algorithm, which was modified with the extended‐maxim transform, was used to segment the hyperspectral images of a single sorghum grain. The isolated forest algorithm was used to eliminate abnormal spectral data from the complete spectral data. Secondly, the AlexNet model of sorghum variety identification was established based on the two‐dimensional gray image data of sorghum grain in group 1. The effects of different preprocessing methods and different convolution kernel sizes on the performance of the AlexNet model were discussed. The eigenvalues of the last layer of the AlexNet model were visualized using the t‐distributed random neighborhood embedding method, which is used to evaluate the separability of features extracted by the AlexNet model. The performance differences between the optimal AlexNet model and traditional machine learning models for sorghum variety identification were compared. Finally, the varieties of sorghum grains in groups 2 and 3 were identified based on the optimal AlexNet model, and the average accuracy values of the test set reached 95.62% and 95.91% respectively.

CONCLUSION

The results in this study demonstrated that HSI combined with the AlexNet model could provide a feasible technical approach for the detection of sorghum varieties. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multiple ecological effects and their drivers of ecological restoration programmes in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Ma Shuai , Wang Liang‐Jie , Wang Hui‐Yong , Jiang Jiang , Zhang Jinchi
Published: November 2022

A series of ecological restoration programmes (ERPs) have been implemented in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau to reverse ecological deterioration. However, the multiple ecological benefits of these ERPs and their driving factors remain unclear. This study analyzed the dynamic changes in fractional vegetation cover (FVC), ecosystem services [water yield (WY), net primary productivity (NPP), and soil conservation (SC)], and sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the Forest Protection and Construction Programme (FPCP), Grassland Protection and Construction Programme (GPCP), Sandy Land Control Programme (SLCP), and Soil Erosion Control Programme (SECP) in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau from 2000 to 2015. The geographically weighted regression model was used to reveal the spatial differences of drivers of various ecological benefits. The results showed that ecological benefits increased synergistically in the GPCP and SLCP, while trade‐offs between NPP and WY were observed for the FPCP and SECP. ERPs resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in FVC, SDG 15.1.1, and SDG 15.3.1 and a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in SDG 15.4.2, except for the SLCP. ERPs improved the FVC, WY, and SC, but did not reverse grassland degradation. The ecological benefits of the FPCP and SLCP were poor after 2010, while the ecological benefits of the SLCP have been better since 2012. FVC and WY were dominated by precipitation, and NPP was dominated by FVC. Slope dominated SC in the GPCP, SECP, and SLCP, while precipitation dominated SC in the FPCP. This study can provide scientific support for sustainable vegetation management.
Optical Supercontinuum Generation via Rotational and Vibrational Molecular Cavity Optomechanics
Authors: Lu Qijing , Liao Lingqin , Chen Longxiang , Guo Junqiang , Hu Ya , Zhang Yan‐Lei , Zou Chang‐Ling , Wu Xiang , Xie Shusen
Published: November 2022

The solid high quality (Q) factor whispering gallery mode microcavities are demonstrated as an excellent experimental platform for enhanced light–matter interactions, and are applied in the studies of nonlinear optics, quantum optics, and sensing. However, the interaction between the microcavity and liquid anisotropic molecule, which is unique for abundant vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom, is rarely studied. Here, the gap is bridged by filling an optofluidic microbubble resonator with carbon disulfide, and the related anisotropic molecular cavity optomechanics effects are investigated. Due to the enhanced coupling between the optical mode and the rotation/vibration of molecules, stimulated Rayleigh–Kerr/Raman–Kerr scattering effects are observed. Molecular cavity optomechanics provides a broadband gain for generating Stokes photons in high‐Q optical modes, and eventually allows quasi‐supercontinuum generation with a bandwidth of 436 nm under a low continuous laser pump power of about 10 mW. This work opens a new avenue for strong light–matter interactions by exploring rotational and vibrational molecular cavity optomechanics, which provides a promising platform for nonlinear optics, cavity‐enhanced molecular reorientation dynamics, and novel optical sources.
Mindfulness‐based intervention compares favorably to antidepressant for anxiety
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: November 2022

A newly published study offers support for another viable treatment option for patients with an anxiety disorder who hesitate to take medication or aren't a good candidate for psychotherapy. The study found that eight weeks of a structured mindfulness‐based intervention was noninferior to eight weeks of anti‐depressant treatment in reducing anxiety symptoms.
Consequences of Teenage Childbearing on Child Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Gorry Devon
Published: November 2022

Children of teen mothers have worse academic, labor market, and behavioral outcomes in the United States, but it is not clear whether these poor outcomes are caused by having a young mother or driven by selection into teen motherhood. Understanding the reasoning behind poor child outcomes is important for designing effective policies to improve child trajectories. Simple correlations using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the NLSY79 Children and Young Adults (NLSY79CY) confirm that outcomes for children of teenage mothers are worse relative to children of older mothers. These negative relationships persist after controlling for background variables or including family fixed effects, though the magnitudes are attenuated. However, these approaches fail to fully account for selection into teen motherhood. To overcome selection, I employ an empirical strategy that relies on miscarriages to put bounds on the causal effects of teen childbearing. These bounds show that teen childbearing among mothers who choose to give birth does not cause adverse outcomes for children.
Optimizing the mechanical properties of TiO2/PA12 nano‐composites fabricated by SLS 3D printing
Authors: Afshari Mahmoud , Bakhshi Soroush , Samadi Mohammad Reza , Afshari Hossein
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the selective laser sintering process was used to fabricate the TiO2/PA12 nano‐composite parts by considering the parameters of laser power, scanning speed, and TiO2 content. The response surface methodology was used to improve the mechanical properties of TiO2/PA12 nano‐composite parts. The fracture surface characteristics of the specimens were examined using the scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the increase in laser power from 10 to 15 W improved the tensile strength, modulus, and impact strength of the nano‐composite parts because of the fine dispersion of TiO2 nano‐particles. An increase in the scanning speed from 2000 to 3000 mm/s resulted in the reduction of tensile strength and modulus due to lower heat input and consequently incomplete densification of polyamide‐12. In addition, the increase of TiO2 content up to 5 wt% can improve the tensile strength, modulus, and impact strength, but requires increasing the laser power. However, the mechanical properties of the nano‐composite parts were enhanced simultaneously at laser power of 12.4 W, scanning speed of 2000 mm/s and TiO2 content of 1.9 wt%. Moreover, the addition of TiO2 up to 5 wt% showed a slight influence on thermal stability and crystallinity of the sintered specimens.
The effect of postoperative ventilation strategies on postoperative complications and outcomes in patients with esophageal atresia: Results from the Turkish Esophageal Atresia Registry
Authors: Cömert Hatice Sonay Yalçın , Güney Doğuş , Durakbaşa Çiğdem Ulukaya , Dökümcü Zafer , Soyer Tutku , Fırıncı Binali , Çiftçi İlhan , Öztan Mustafa Onur , Demirel Berat Dilek , Parlak Ayşe , Göllü Gülnur , Karaman Ayşe , Akkoyun İbrahim , Gül Cengiz , İlhan Hüseyin , Oral Akgün , Özcan Rahşan , Özen Önder , Kıyan Gürsu , Erdem Ali Onur , Özaydın Seyithan , Uzunlu Osman , Yıldız Abdullah , Erginel Başak , Ertürk Nazile , Bilici Salim , Samsum Hakan , Özen Mehmet Ali , Özçakır Esra , Aydın Emrah , Mert Mehmet , Topbaş Murat
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Postoperative ventilatory strategies in patients with esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) may have an impact on early postoperative complications. Our national Esophageal Atresia Registry was evaluated to define a possible relationship between the type and duration of respiratory support on postoperative complications and outcome.

Study Design

Among the data registered by 31 centers between 2015 and 2021, patients with esophago‐esophageal anastomosis (EEA)/tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) were divided into two groups; invasive ventilatory support (IV) and noninvasive ventilatory support and/or oxygen support (NIV‐OS). The demographic findings, gestational age, type of atresia, associated anomalies, and genetic malformations were evaluated. We compared the type of repair, gap length, chest tube insertion, follow‐up times, tensioned anastomosis, postoperative complications, esophageal dilatations, respiratory problems requiring treatment after the operation, and mortality rates.

Results

Among 650 registered patients, 502 patients with EEA/TEF repair included the study. Four hundred and seventy of patients require IV and 32 of them had NIV‐OS treatment. The IV group had lower mean birth weights and higher incidence of respiratory problems when compared to NIV‐OS group. Also, NIV‐OS group had significantly higher incidence of associated anomalies than IV groups. The rates of postoperative complications and mortality were not different between the IV and NIV‐OS groups.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that patients who required invasive ventilation had a higher incidence of low birth weight and respiratory morbidity. We found no relation between mode of postoperative ventilation and surgical complications. Randomized controlled trials and clinical guidelines are needed to define the best type of ventilation strategy in children with EA/TEF.
Bayesian method application: Integrating mathematical modeling into clinical pharmacy through vancomycin therapeutic monitoring
Authors: Chen Ashley , Gupta Anjum , Do Dylan Huy , Nazer Lama H.
Published: November 2022

The most recent consensus guidelines for dosing and monitoring vancomycin recommended the use of area‐under‐the‐curve with Bayesian estimation for therapeutic monitoring. As this is a modern concept in the practice of clinical pharmacy, the main objective of this review is to introduce the fundamentals of Bayesian estimation and its mathematical application as it relates to vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring. In addition, we aim to identify pharmacokinetic (PK) software programs that incorporate Bayesian estimation for vancomycin dosing and to describe the PK models utilized in those software programs for the adult population. Twelve software programs that utilize Bayesian estimation were identified, which included: Adult and Pediatric Kinetics, Best Dose, ClinCalc, DoseMeRx, ID‐ODS, InsightRx, MwPharm++, NextDose, PrecisePK, TDMx, Tucuxi, and VancoCalc. The software programs varied in the population PK models used as the Bayesian a priori. With the presence of various vancomycin Bayesian software programs, it is important to choose those that utilize PK models reflective of the specific patient population.
Efficacy of novel water‐absorbing polymer amended soil for improving drought resilience of Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Rattan Bharat , Saha Abhisekh , Bordoloi Sanandam , Garg Ankit , Sahoo Lingaraj , Sekharran S.
Published: November 2022

Climate change has exacerbated the frequency and duration of droughts. To sustain food production in such conditions, water storage and retention capacity of soil must be enhanced. Development of water‐absorbing polymer (WAP) from coal carbon residue (fly ash) can provide an economical and environmentally friendly alternative to commercial WAP for enhancing water retention and crop yield. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the growth performance of tomato species (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under continued drought conditions in the presence of in‐house developed fly ash‐based WAP (FA‐WAP) against that of commercially available WAP (Com‐WAP). Quantification of the soil–water retention curve (SWRC) revealed an increase in plant wilting time and plant‐available water content (PAWC) in the order: control soil (no amendment) < Com‐WAP‐amended soil < FA‐WAP‐amended soil. Both the WAPs positively influenced the transpiration factors of crops in terms of stomatal conductance (SC) and photosynthetic yield under continued drought conditions. The yield parameters (i.e., the number of fruits, total weight, and shoot fresh biomass) increased by 82, 106, and 115%, respectively, in the case of FA‐WAP‐amended soil as compared with that of the control. Nevertheless, FA‐WAP provided 20% higher yield of tomato species during continued drought conditions than commercial WAP. The application of FA‐WAP can be an effective strategy to impart beneficial usage of FA waste by significantly reducing the irrigation frequency and irrigation water requirement without compromising the crop yield. It also ensures sustainable water stress management for a major food crop (tomato), thereby contributing towards United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals 2, 13, and 15.
Efficient Lithium/Sodium‐Ion Storage by Core–Shell Carbon Nanospheres@TiO2 Decorate by Epitaxial WSe2 Nanosheets Derived from Bimetallic Polydopamine Composites
Authors: Qin Yifan , Zhao Zejun , Wang Teng , Li Sijia , Yan Meng , Hao Chentao , Bao Xiaobing , He Shengnan , Zhang Mingchang , Yang Yong
Published: November 2022

Metal‐polydopamine coordination chemistry attracts great attention owing to the synergistic effect of adjustable components and advantageous structures. However, few efforts have been devoted to exploring bimetal‐polydopamine composites, especially for multistructural composites with high‐capacity components and high stability. In this regard, the TiO2@C‐WSe2 core–shell nanospheres are designed and fabricated based on Ti‐W‐polydopamine composites after selenization, in which the TiO2 nanoparticles are encapsulated or embedded in the carbon nanospheres and the external WSe2 nanosheets are grown epitaxially on the carbon surfaces, featuring multiple channels for ion diffusion and abundant active edges for electrochemical reactions. The introduction of WSe2 not only greatly improves the capacity but also results in exponential growth of the active edge. As a result, the as‐prepared TiO2@C‐WSe2 displayed long‐term cycling performance in lithium‐ion batteries. Furthermore, the anode is assembled into sodium‐ion batteries, manifesting a stable capacity of 352 mA h g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 even after 2000 cycles, one of the best performances for polydopamine‐based composites. Enhanced performance can be attributed to the synergies of high‐capacity components and different dimensional materials. This work highlights that the rational design of functional structures provides a novel inspiration for electrodes with effective nanoarchitectures.
Controlled Supramolecular Self‐Assembly Pathways by Intramolecular Rotation of D–A Molecular System toward the Signal Differentiation Detection of Toxic Vapors
Authors: Guo Yongxian , Gong Yanjun , Zhao Mei , Ping Jiantao , Yoon Juyoung , Hu Qiongzheng
Published: November 2022

Revealing the structural evolution mechanisms of supramolecular self‐assembly can facilitate the exploitation of new self‐assembly pathways and various functional materials. Here, this work reports a unique intramolecular rotation‐induced structural evolution of supramolecular assemblies from a metastable state to a thermodynamically stable state using a twisting D–A molecule. These self‐assemblies are applied to the signal differentiation detection of toxic dimethylsulfide (DMS) vapors. The F161BT monomer of the inactive state is trapped in off‐pathway metastable nanospheres, which can disassemble and induce the transformation of the F161BT monomer into an active state by crossing the energy barrier. Subsequently, the active monomer goes through the processes of nucleation and elongation, forming thermodynamically stable on‐pathway microribbons. Adding seeds can accelerate the molecular conformational transformation, generating microribbons with controlled lengths. Opposite fluorescent responses are obtained when exposing the two aggregates to the DMS vapors, allowing the sensitive detection of DMS with enhanced selectivity, which offers tremendous potential in practical applications.
P‐Orbital Bismuth Single‐Atom Catalyst for Highly Effective Oxygen Electroreduction in Quasi‐Solid Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Deng Daijie , Wu Suqin , Li Henan , Li Huaming , Xu Li
Published: November 2022

P‐block metals have gradually been utilized to synthesize non‐noble‐metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to the easily tunable localizedp‐orbitals and resulted versatile electronic structures. The high‐density single‐atom bismuth sites (Bi−NC) anchored onto nitrogen‐doped three‐dimensional porous carbon are proved to possess significant electrocatalytic ORR performance. Theoretical calculations unveil positively charged bismuth centers prominently improved the adsorption capacity of N‐doped carbon to O2. Theporbitals of Bi sites within Bi−NC easily generate hybrid states withporbitals of O2, thus promoting charge transfer and ultimately reducing the energy barrier of ORR. Benefiting fromp‐orbital electrons regulation of bismuth atoms, Bi−NC exhibit ORR half‐wave potential of 0.86 V (vs RHE). Additionally, both liquid and quasi‐solid zinc‐air batteries with Bi−NC as air‐cathodes achieve higher power density and specific capacity than 20 wt% Pt/C, and comparable stability and round‐trip efficiency with 20 wt% Pt/C. The discovery sheds light on the theoretical and practical guidance forp‐block metallic single‐atom catalysts.
Horn rule discovery with batched caching and rule identifier for proficient compressor of knowledge data
Authors: Wang Ruoyu , Sun Daniel , Wong Raymond , Ranjan Rajiv
Published: November 2022

Knowledge data has been widely applied to artificial intelligence applications for interpretable and complex reasoning. Modern knowledge bases are constructed via automatic knowledge extraction from open‐accessible sources. Thus the sizes of KBs are continuously growing, heavily burdening the maintenance and application of the knowledge data. Besides the grammatical redundancies, semantically repeated information also frequently appears in knowledge bases but is still under‐explored. Existing semantic compressors fail to efficiently discover expressive patterns and thus perform unsatisfyingly on knowledge data. This article proposes SInC, a semantic inductive compressor, to efficiently induce first‐order Horn rules and semantically compress knowledge bases. SInC improves the scalability of top‐down rule mining by batching correlated records in the cache and further optimizes the pruning of duplication and specialization via an identifier structure of Horn rules. SInC was evaluated on real‐world and synthetic datasets and compared against the state‐of‐the‐art. The results show that the batched caching speed up the rule mining procedure by more than two orders while consuming fewer than three times memory space. The identifier technique speeds up the duplication and specialization pruning by orders of magnitude with less than 5‰ and 15% error rates, respectively. SInC outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art from the perspective of overall compression on both scalability and compression effect.
Making space for gratitude
Authors: Ford Katie
Published: November 2022

Want to try bringing gratitude into your own life? Katie Ford says it's easy to get started, whether as an individual or a team. She offers her top tips.
Noble gases in aquitard provide insight into underlying subsurface stratigraphy and free gas formation
Authors: Lightfoot Alexandra Kathryn , Stopelli Emiliano , Berg Michael , Brennwald Matthias , Kipfer Rolf
Published: November 2022

Biogeochemical gas production resulting in free gas phase formation can severely affect groundwater and solute transport in aquifers. Such gas–water interactions are important in aquifers affected by geogenic As, which are commonly associated with biogeochemical CH4 production. Additionally, the influence of aquitards on As concentrations in contaminated aquifers has recently been challenged. These observations prompted the analysis through a heterogeneous aquitard overlying a high CH4−gas‐producing zone of an As‐contaminated aquifer. A sediment core taken through the aquitard was analyzed for noble gases to assess how the aquitard physically contributes to the underlying gas production. Results reveal that the aquitard pore space is unsaturated in two separate layers resulting in hanging pore water constrained by an air‐like gas phase. This interlayering of unsaturated and saturated zones identifies the aquitard's stratigraphy as key in determining hydrostatic pressure—a main control of free gas formation (i.e., CH4) in the underlying aquifer. The partly unsaturated conditions reduce the hydrostatic pressure by 30% compared with fully saturated conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first study applying noble gases to examine the influence of an aquitards physical state on gas production in an underlying aquifer. Further, such partly unsaturated sediment layers of low conductivity might provide preferential pathways for periodic water flow, fostering aquitard–aquifer solute transport. Groundwater samples additionally collected throughout the study site confirm more widespread degassing than previously reported. Up to 90% of the expected atmospheric noble gas concentrations is lost from groundwater immediately below the investigated sediment core.
Citizenship, Care and Choice: LGBTQ+ Intimacies in Southern Europe—An Introduction
Authors: Santos Ana Cristina
Published: November 2022

The Introduction offers an overview of the main issues guiding the INTIMATE research project from which the book emerged. Three main themes constitute umbrella terms structuring the book: citizenship, care and choice. Each of these themes is discussed theoretically and in relation to LGBTQ+ intimacies. The last part of the Introduction outlines and summarizes each chapter.
Italian Queer Transfeminism Towards a Gender Strike
Authors: Arfini Elia A. G.
Published: November 2022

In this chapter, I review a number of projects stemming from the transfeminist movement, with particular attention to Italy and a focus on the iconic practice of the gender strike. After an introduction to the field and its genealogy, I analyse examples of activism related to academic labour and gender labour that adopt a materialist analysis of the construction of gendered and sexual subjectivity. I argue that, ultimately, queer transfeminist critiques coalesce around the call for a gender strike as a way to interrupt both the extraction of value resulting from the production of genders and the violence of the social obligation to reproduce binary genders. As such, this strategy of mobilization, I argue, highlights the collective potentials and individual limits of the capacity to choose.
Uprisings: A Meditation on Feminist Strategies for Enacting the Common
Authors: de Oliveira João Manuel
Published: November 2022

This chapter discusses queer and feminist uprisings as way of creating a politics of the common in the scenario of the bleak perspectives of Capitalocene, neoliberal rationalities governing the economies, with hard-right conservative parties in power in several countries. Starting with the global level, the text first takes a look at feminist organizing against hard right specifically in Brazil, with the #elenao movement. Focusing on regional southern European contexts, the text analyses the Critical Pride movement in Madrid and in Left Bloc political party in Portugal. Tackling recent political and social contexts, the text looks at these two possibilities as way of counteracting (neo)liberal perspectives on identities and politics by creating a common ground with other social movements. This is a project of alliances, an enactment of the common.
The Sexual Politics of Healthy Families and the Making of Class Relations
Authors: Bertone Chiara
Published: November 2022

The chapter explores how healthist framings as strategies of legitimation of same-sex parenting, in which knowledge on children’s health and psychological adjustment has become a key battleground, can work at concealing class relations while reproducing them. The case of Italy, where economic inequalities are particularly dramatic for families with children, with widespread and growing child poverty, is particularly telling about the implications of invisibilizing class relations in debates and research on same-sex parenting. Connecting different strands of literature, the chapter argues that the processes of recognition of same-sex parenting needs instead to be understood as related to how current class dynamics are at play in the re-familization of care responsibilities, the therapeutic surveillance of parents and the lines of exclusion drawn by models of good parenting.
Female Migrants’ Experiences of Labour Market ‘Integration’ in Denmark
Authors: Pace Michelle , Bennetzen Katrine Sofie Bruun
Published: November 2022

This chapter explores the role of gender in migrants’ efforts at integrating into the labour market in Denmark. Numerous academic works argue that the experience of integration (and migration) is qualitatively different for men and women. They conclude that gender plays a critical role in the pre-migration stage, in how men and women transition across state boundaries and, most significantly, in determining the way integration bureaucracies are experienced in host societies. Such studies demonstrate that the experience of integration is gendered and often to the detriment of women. But can the experience of women also be generalisable and reveal the foundational nature and logics of a host country’s integration regime? To answer this question, the chapter empirically focuses on the biographical accounts of female migrants in Denmark and their experiences of labour market integration (LMI). Since most holders of family reunification visas in Denmark are women, their experiences confirm the extant literature’s claim that migration is a gendered process. In addition, we argue that the nature of their experiences of LMI in Denmark also reflects the foundational character of the Danish integration regime. The biographical accounts of our female narrators are analysed through the scope of turning points – as path-altering events – in their integration narratives and associated epiphanies, that is, revelations or apprehensions triggered by turning points.
Precarity, Opportunity, and Adaptation: Recently Arrived Immigrant and Refugee Experiences Navigating the Canadian Labour Market
Authors: Ellis Claire , Triandafyllidou Anna
Published: November 2022

Immigrants and refugees have contributed significant growth in the Canadian economy over the last three decades. Despite clear advantages of a smooth transition into the labour force, many newcomers experience multiple barriers impeding their pathways to sustainable livelihoods. Further, significant increases in refugee resettlement and asylum claims in Canada since 2015 resulted in a growing number of refugee newcomers entering the labour market, often facing additional challenges of precarious legal status while seeking employment. To interrogate the settlement landscape, this chapter examines newcomers’ employment-related needs, experiences, and aspirations through a case study of migrants and refugees in Greater Toronto. Using narrative-biographic interviews, the chapter presents an ethnographic approach to examine how individual migrants navigate labour market policies and settlement dynamics during their initial years. A biographical approach allowed us to focus on the interplay of migrant agency, precarity, and adaption to both long-standing labour market dynamics as well as new barriers and enablers brought on by the shifting sands of Canada’s pandemic affected economy. The chapter highlights how emotions, decisions, and actions are inter-related and coalesce with broader structural conditions within a network of actors – individuals, networks, and institutions – to shape the labour market experiences of recently arrived immigrants and refugees.
The θ-angle and axion physics of two-color QCD at fixed baryon charge
Authors: Bersini Jahmall , D’Alise Alessandra , Sannino Francesco , Torres Matías
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We analyze the impact of the θ-angle and axion dynamics for two-color (in fact any Sp(2N )) QCD at nonzero baryon charge and as a function of the number of matter fields on the vacuum properties, the pattern of chiral symmetry breaking as well as the spectrum of the theory. We show that the vacuum acquires a rich structure when the underlying CP violating topological operator is added to the theory. We discover novel phases and analyse the order of their transitions characterizing the dynamics of the odd and even number of flavours. We further determine the critical chemical potential as function of the θ angle separating the normal from the superfluid phase of the theory. Our results will guide numerical simulations and novel tests of the model’s dynamics. The results are also expected to better inform phenomenological applications of the model ranging from composite Higgs physics to strongly interacting massive dark matter models featuring number changing interactions. In the companion work [1] we repurpose and upgrade the approach to determine the impact of the θ-angle and axion physics on non-perturbative near conformal dynamics related to the fixed baryon charge sector.