bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel KMT2D mutation in Kabuki syndrome with elevated liver enzymes and congenital bilateral hip dislocation
Authors: Kocaaga Ayca , Yimenicioglu Sevgi
Published: January 2022

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare syndrome that involves defects in a wide range of organs, with each organ showing a different severity of symptoms. Two genes have been associated with patients with KS: lysine (K)-specific demethylase 6A (KDM6A) and lysine (K)-specific methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D). The study reported the case of an 18-month-old Turkish boy diagnosed with KS. The patient showed a typical appearance: widely separated eyes, sparse eyebrows, long palpebral fissures, blue sclera, large prominent ears, and micrognathia. The patient was operated on because of bilateral hip dislocation and undescended testicles. He was also followed up by pediatric gastroenterology with asymptomatic liver enzyme elevation (AST- 79 U/L, ALT -68 U/L, ALP -52 U/L). The whole exome sequencing analysis revealed a novel pathogenic c.13285 C>T (p.Gln4429Ter) mutation in the KMT2D gene. The genotype-phenotype correlation of KS was not precisely established. As per our knowledge, there is limited literature which gives information about the hepato-biliary manifestations of KS. Here, we propose that the new mutation of the KMT2D gene may result in the typical facial features of KS with asymptomatic elevated liver enzymes.
Mild encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report
Authors: Eren Fettah , Ozdemir Gokhan , Ildiz Omer Faruk , Ergun Dilek , Ozturk Serefnur
Published: January 2022

Mild encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is characterized with a reversible lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum. It has been defined as a neuro-radiologic syndrome associated with viral infections. In addition, this lesion may related with epileptic seizures, antiepileptic drugs or metabolic disturbances. We presented a patient with MERS associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). Encephalopathy and psychiatric symptoms were the major initial clinical symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed complete resolution of the corpus callosum lesion. The symptoms of patient recovered completely. Complete resolution of corpus callosum lesion and recovery of encephalopathy associated with SARS-COV-2 were similar to previous cases.
Meta-analysis of prednisone in withdrawal therapy following medication overuse headache
Authors: Jie Wenmiao , Xiong Jianzhong , Yan Xiaohua
Published: January 2022

The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of prednisone in withdrawal therapy following medication overuse headache. The Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang data were searched to identify randomized control trials of prednisone for the treatment of medication overuse headache. Two researchers independently screened published studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and evaluated the methodological quality of included studies. Revman 5.3 software was used to analyze the extracted data, and a total of six randomized control trials involving 510 patients were included in the study. Meta-analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in the ratio of taking painkillers again after withdrawal (RR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.70,1.14, P=0.36) compared with the control group. There was also no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the incidence of withdrawal reactions (RR=1.28, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.89, P=0.21), severity of headache (RR=1.56, 95% CI: -4.83, 7.95, P=0. 63) and the frequency of headache attacks after withdrawal (RR=0.14, 95% CI: -0.35, 0.63, P=0.58). It is concluded that prednisone does not alleviate symptoms in patients with medication overuse headache after withdrawal.
Validation of the Malay 3-Minute Diagnostic Interview for Confusion Assessment Method in a surgical population
Authors: Loh Pui San , Chin Yi Zhe , Lee Jia Wen , Wong Angelvene , Mansor Marzida , Ng Chong Guan , Cowan David , Chan Matthew TV , Wang Chew Yin
Published: January 2022

Background: Delirium is a common postoperative complication among elderly which can be easily missed and leads to poorer outcomes. The 3-Minute Diagnostic Assessment for Confusion Assessment Method (3D-CAM) is a short and structured tool to assess delirium by healthcare staff with minimal training. This study aimed to validate the translated Malay 3D-CAM (M3D-CAM) in postoperative surgical patients.
Methods: In this prospective diagnostic study, 3D-CAM was translated into Malay and two assessors (1 and 2) independently interviewed surgical patients above 65 years old with M3D-CAM on postoperative day one. A psychiatrist diagnosed postoperative delirium according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM-5) as the reference standard. The sequence of examinations was done randomly with all results blinded to each other and the diagnostic characteristics of M3D-CAM analysed with k coefficient used to evaluate reliability.
Results: A total of 427 patients were screened, 111 recruited with a final 100 paired interviews completed. Their mean age was 72 (± 6) years old. Two-thirds of patients were proficient in Malay and English, therefore assessed in both 3D-CAM and M3D-CAM. Delirium was identified in 11% and 12% of patients by assessors 1 and 2 respectively while compared to DSM-5, M3D-CAM had 80% and 90% sensitivity with 96.7% and 97.7% specificity. M3D-CAM had excellent inter-rater reliability (85%), substantial parallel reliability (70%) and features 1 and 3 with substantial parallel agreement (p <0.001).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that M3D-CAM is reliable and valid for delirium assessment in the postoperative setting.
Risk factors of cerebral microbleeds in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension
Authors: He Pingping , Jiang Rui , Li Jianhao , Wang Peng , Du Feizhou
Published: January 2022

Background & Objectives: This study aimed to explore the incidence and potential risk factors of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of young and middle-aged patients with hypertension in the Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China between August 2018 and December 2020. The demographic baseline, laboratory parameters and clinical imaging data were collected. Microbleed anatomical rating scale (MARS) was applied to evaluate the presence, amount, and topographical distributions of CMBs.
Results: Among 196 young and middle-aged patients with hypertension, 84 (42.9%) patients had CMBs. CMBs were more likely to occur in the deep brain tissue regions (41.8%), followed by lobar or infratentorial region. White matter hyperintensity (OR, 5.262; 95%CI, 1.314-21.075; P=0.019), abnormal lipid metabolism (OR, 3.832; 95%CI, 1.578-9.306; P=0.003), usage of anti-platelet aggregation drugs (OR, 2.947; 95%CI, 1.138-7.632; P=0.026), smoking history (OR, 3.218; 95%CI, 1.073-9.651; P=0.037), and hyperhomocysteinemia (OR, 1.415; 95%CI, 1.018-1.967; P=0.039) were independently associated with deep or infratentorial CMBs in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension. However, the occurrence of strictly lobar CMBs was only independently associated with abnormal lipid metabolism (OR, 4.162; 95%CI, 1.685-10.282; P=0.002).
Conclusions: The rate of CMBs was high in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension, most commonly occurring in the deep brain tissue region. While multiple risk factors were identified to be associated with deep or infratentorial CMBs, the occurrence of strictly lobar CMBs was only associated with abnormal lipid metabolism.
Protective effects of polysialic acids (PSAs) and its mimics on the nervous system after injury
Authors: Zhao Wei-jiang , He Jia-hui , Chen Shuang-xi
Published: January 2022

Polysialic acid (PSA), a polymer of alpha-2,8 linked sialic acid residues, is a negatively charged macromolecular glycan mainly attached to neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM). Studies have shown that PSA is not only essential for the development of normal brain circulation, but also for synaptic plasticity, learning and memory in adults. Although the occurrence, features, biosynthesis, and physiological roles of PSA and related effects on related diseases, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, have been well reviewed, the important roles of PSA and its mimics in the regeneration of the nervous system following injury have not been well discussed. As a consequence, this article comprehensively reviews the effects of small organic compounds that simulate PSA, such as tegaserod and 5-nonyloxytryptamine (5-NOT), on the nervous system of mammals, suggesting that these mimetics may have tremendous therapeutic potential, especially for strategies aimed at tissue repair after injury of the nervous system.
A new ocular motor sign in acute vestibular syndrome: Is HINTS plus enough?
Authors: Pawar Vishal , Anand Aishwarya , Kulkarni Prasanna , Kim Ji Soo
Published: January 2022

A 66-year-old hypertensive and diabetic male presented with acute vestibular syndrome for three days. HINTS plus examination was performed. The horizontal head impulse test was positive on the left side. Video oculography showed centripetal nystagmus on gaze testing in the dark and test of skew was negative. There was no new hearing loss on the finger rub test. On neurological examination, he had severe postural instability and saccadic smooth pursuit. Radio-imaging studies were conducted to rule out the possibility of stroke. CT brain showed infarction in the territory of the medial branch of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery. MRI brain confirmed the diagnosis. Thus, posterior circulation stroke can present with acute vestibular syndrome mimicking acute unilateral vestibulopathy. However, the presence of associated neurological symptoms like gait ataxia, centripetal nystagmus and vascular risk factors pointed towards a central cause. Clinical evaluation suggesting a peripheral lesion should never be taken in isolation and needs to be correlated with other associated signs. We describe centripetal nystagmus without fixation as a new oculomotor sign in acute vestibular syndrome.
Effect of rainfall on growth and yield of rice in Konkan coast
Authors: CHOWDHURY A. , DAS H.P.
Published: January 2022

In this Study, relationship between rainfall and rice yield has been investigated in Ratnagiri and Thane districts of Maharashtra using 37 year's (1951.1987) data. Weekly water balance has been worked out in developing a yield index and its association with yield examined. Planting rates have been calculated assuming two categories of empirical rainfall accumulations of 450 and 500 mm. The yields were correlated with rainfall during selected growth phases, total rainfall, the yield index and the technological trend. Effects of late or early onset on yield has also been examined.

 

It appears that 450 mm rainfall accumulation from Ist June gives a ~reasonably accurate indication of transplanting paddy in Konkan. Technology seems.. to have much influence on the paddy yield. Results also reveal that rainfall during early growth phases is significantly related to the yield the date of planting was not found to/have a determining influence on the yield.
Temperature sounding of the atmosphere over the Indian region using satellite data
Authors: KHANNA P.N. , KELKAR R.R.
Published: January 2022

Capability has been developed at the INSAT Meteorological Data Utilisation Centre (MDUC). New Delhi for making sounding retrievals using data from the U.S. Polar Orbiting Satellites; The International TOYS Processing Package (ITPP) developed by the University of Wisconsin, USA, was used for asking temperature soundings software for front-end processing and input of 1000 hPa analysis data Into the retrieval algorithm was developed at MDUC. In the physical retrieval method regression estimates generated listing stratospheric level HIRS channels and MSU channels were used as Initial guess. For the surface, two options were used, (i) climatological guess, and (ii) 1000 hPa analysis.

 

The paper discusses temperature retrievals over the Indian region made on 13 selected dates from different seasons in 1989-91. Results of comparison of satellite retrievals with colocated radiosonde data are presented.  There is good agreement between the two from 700 hPa to 150 hPa levels, with RMSE with 3 C. The error is higher at 850 hPa and near the surface, when climatologic IS used as surface guess, but IS within 3°-4° C when the 1000 hPa analysis is used.
Principal component analysis of rainwater composition at BAPMoN stations in India
Authors: MUKHOPADHYAY B. , SINGH S.S. , DATAR S. V.
Published: January 2022

Data from Indian BAPMoN stations were analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) by examining broadly the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the ions, from mineral and gaseous sources, observed in rainwater samples collected over the Indian BAPMoN stations over along period (1976-87), The results show that the pH of rainwater can be generally explained In terms of the concentration of SO.-2 , NO3 -1, CI-l, Ca+2 and Na+1 ion~, However, other mechanisms could determine the overall nature of the Interactions, These mechanisms have become more clear by performing principal component analysis.
Variations in intensity and structure of a westward-propagating monsoon depression
Authors: SAHA KSHUDIRAM , SAHA SURANJANA
Published: January 2022

The study deals with a monsoon depression which developed over the Bay of Bengal, moved westward across central India and turned into a mid-tropospheric disturbance (MTD) over the northeastern : corner of the Arabian Sea. Its interactions with the thermal fields associated with the basic monsoon, subtropical westerly troughs and a new depression over the Bay of Bengal are examined. Evidence suggests the involvement of all the three factors in causing the observed variations in its intensity and structure. The low pressure system turned into a mid-tropospheric disturbance when it re-entered the warm sector of the basic monsoon field and received increased warm advection from the north to the west of its centre and cold advection from the south to the east in mid-troposphere. The importance of thermal advection is confirmed by computation of a heat budget. The role of condensation heating is also briefly discussed.
A simple approach towards estimating solar irradiance
Authors: DAS H.P. , PUJARI A.D.
Published: January 2022

Solar radiation is or vital interest in characterizing an area with respect to its agricultural potential. However, these are not readily available for a large network. An attempt. has been made to deduce solar irradiance from climatic data, such as temperature range.

 

Based on daily data of Pune for 1986-90, a relationship has been developed between atmospheric transmittance and the daily range of air temperature. The model developed has been tested on independent data and found to give fairly accurate estimation of solar irradiance. Nearly 70% of the variation in daily solar radiation could be explained by this simple method. The effect of solar irradiance on microclimate has also been discussed. The model developed has been tested for Hyderabad and Calcutta and found to give encouraging results.
Probable maximum precipitation over Tamil Nadu -A generalised approach
Authors: RAKHECHA P .R. , KULKARNI B. D.
Published: January 2022

In this paper to estimate areal probable maximum precipitation (PMP) for 1000, 5000 and 10,000 km2 for 1-day duration over Tamil Nadu, three generalised charts depicting variation of areal PMP for these three areas have been prepared. The study showed that the areal PMP estlm1tes for 1000, 5000 and 10000 km2 over Tamil Nadu seems to vary between 48-32, 38-26 and 32-22 cm respectively for l-day duration .
Effect of soil moisture stress on growth light azimuth and yield of dryland sorghum
Authors: DAS H. P. , KALE A. N. , PONKSHE A. S.
Published: January 2022

Based on weekly data for 4 years (1986-1989) at Bellary, soil moisture balance for rabi sorghum has been worked out for both irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. These soil moisture values have been used to identify periods of water stress which the crop experienced. during the growth cycle. The extent of yield reduction due to the stress was then evaluated from the actual soil water content and total available water extent and discussed. The ratio of evapotranspiration to potential evapotranspiration and water requirement of the crop has also been worked out to assess the stress situation of the crop during its growing period. This ratio has been found to be related to moisture availability at the root zone.
Intra-seasonal oscfffations of radio refractive index during southwest monsoon over India
Authors: SRIVASTAVA H. N. , SINHARAY K. C. , MUKHOPADHYAY R. K.
Published: January 2022

The study deals with the spatial and temporal variations of intra-seasonal oscillations in radio refractive index during southwest monsoon season over India and islands over Indian seas. Average daily radio refractive index data from 1 June to 30 September and that of the individual years for the period 1969-1986 were subjected to harmonic analysis to investigate the contributions of various periodicities in monsoon radio refractive index. The inter-annual variability of various intra-seasonal oscillations have been studied for each 5° latitudinal strip from 50 oN to 30° N with the help of variance explained by various frequency modes for different years. Variance explained by 30-60 day and 10-20 day modes were studied in relation to monsoon performance.

 

The northward and eastward propagation of30.60 day mod~ was noticed. The 10.20 day mode and seasonal mode dominate at latitudinal belts 5°N.10oN and 25°N-30°N respectively. Between 10°N and 25°N, both 30-60 day and 10-20 day modes occur.
Energy balance evaluation in Bengal gram ( Cicer arietinum L.) grown in a sub-humid climate
Authors: CHOWDHURY A. , DAS H.P. , CHIVATE V. R.
Published: January 2022

Results of an experiment conducted at the Central Agromet Observatory on gram crop during 1990-1991 winter crop season, to investigate relative contribution of energy balance parameters, presented in the study.

 

The analysis revealed that latent heat is the major source of dissipation of net r early maturity stage. After crop attains maturity, sensible heat predominates over other components.
Atmospheric water vapour and its effect on aerosol Extinction at a coastal station – Visakhapatnam
Authors: NIRANJAN K. , BABU Y. RAMESH
Published: January 2022

Integrated atmospheric water vapour content. has been evaluated from the spectral optical depths around the PaT band of water vapour by making directly transmitted solar flux measurements at 800, 935 and 1025 nm. The temporal variation of the total precipitable water vapour shows significant seasonal variation with maximum during~ pre-monsoon and monsoon months and minimum during winter months. The integrated content shows a positive correlation with surface humidity parameters and the correlation is better during monsoon months compared to other seasons. The experimentally derived variations of water vapour are compared with the model variations formulated using radiosonde data. The aerosol extinctions derived from the, multi-spectral solar flux measurements in the visible and near IR regions increase with increasing atmospheric water vapour and this increase shows .a seasonal dependence the surface temperature also seems to affect the, aerosol extinction probably through Its effect on the mixing heights.
Sensitivity studies on the air flow characteristics In Kharagpur using a meso-scale model
Authors: LOHAR D , CHAKRAVARTY B , Pal B.
Published: January 2022

A three-dimensional hydrostatic model has been employed for the study of sea breeze circulations over south West Bengal with special reference to an inland station Kharagpur (22°.21' N, 87° 19'E). A series of sensitivity experiments have been performed to stress the Importance of differential heating on circulation over south West Bengal during pre-monsoon period. It is found that due to differential heating rate between land and sea surfaces, sea breezes can penetrate to the inland station Kharagpur and beyond even in case of moderate gradient wind. Surface observations at Kharagpur and pilot balloon observation at nearby station Kalaikunda are used to compare the model results. The onset of sea breezes, variation of the air temperature and humidity are In fairly good agreement whereas It over estimates the depth of the circulation and cannot predict the variation  of the late morning hours surface wind.
Energy exchanges between ocean and atmosphere in relation to southwest monsoon performance over India
Authors: SINGH O. P. , JOSHI S. P.
Published: January 2022

Energy fluxes over Indian seas have been computed for pre-monsoon and monsoon months of the years 1987 and 1988 using bulk aerodynamic equations with exchange coefficients which vary with wind speed and stability, The years 1987 and 1988 have bee~ chosen due to the constrasting nature of the performances of Indian summer monsoon during these years. Besides energy fluxes several other oceanographic parameters, viz., SST, sea-air temperature difference, 'Bowen ratio'and 'rate of wind work' have been computed and examined. The distributions of these parameters over Indian seas during 1987 and 1988 reveal several constrasting features. Some of these features provide predictive indications of monsoon performance.
Soil moisture balance and its application to yield monitoring of rainfed paddy at Raipur
Authors: CHOWDHURY A. , DAS H. P
Published: January 2022

The study presents a technique for computing soil moisture balance of paddy crop based on 10 years data from 1977-1988 except 1984 and 1987, from agro-meteorological observatory, Raipur Values of different components of the moisture balance have been determined and discussed. The stress values have been used to estimate possible yield reduction by devising an yield index.

 

The study revealed that water demand of the plant is largest between tillering and reproductive stages. Dry matter production appears directly related to the consumptive water use. A significant association is observed between the yield index and the actual rice yield.
Crustal structure of central Myanmar (Burma) By surface wave dispersion
Authors: BHATTACHARYA S. N.
Published: January 2022

Digital records of seismic waves observed at Seismic Research Observatory, Cheng Mai. Thailand have been analysed for two earthquakes in western Nepal. Digital data are processed by the floating filter and phase equalization methods to obtain surface waves free from noise. Group velocities of Love and Rayleigh waves are obtained by frequency time analysis of these noise free surface waves. The period of group velocities ranges from 17 to 62 sec for fundamental mode Rayleigh waves and from 17 to 66 sec for fundamental mode Love waves. The wave paths cross both central Myanmar (Burma) and the Indo-Gangetic plain. The group velocity data of surface waves across central Myanmar (Burma) have been obtained after correction of the data for the path across the Indo-Gangetic plain. Inversion of data gives the average crustal and subcrustal structure of central Myanmar (Burma). The modelled structure shows two separate sedimentary layers each of  8 km thick, The lower sedimentary layer forms the low velocity zone of the crust. The total thickness of central Myanmar (Burma) crust is found to be 55 km
Variability of southwest monsoon rainfall over West Bengal
Authors: BISWAS B. , GUPTA K.
Published: January 2022

Monthly and seasonal variations of southwest monsoon rainfall over the districts of Gangetic and Sub-Himalayan West Bengal are presented and their differences discussed. Latitudinal variations of monsoon rainfall are brought out. Decadal means of seasonal rainfall over plains are compared with those at higher elevations and northern latitudes. An attempt is made to study long term rainfall trends.
The modell ing study of flow in Vasishta Godavari estuary
Authors: RAO A. D. , CHAMARTHI S. , SINHA P. C.
Published: January 2022

The v as islua branch of the Godavari estuary open s into the Bay of Bengal at Antarvedi,Conditions in the estuary arccharacterized by a seasonally varying fresh water discharge and salt water intrusionfrom the Bay resul tingfrom the flow as~oc ia ted with the se.ni- diu rnal t ide. A numerica l model is applied to simulatethe flow and sali nity structures which have also been documented m the literature. The observations duringmonsoon and post-monsoon seasons arc used in a comparison with the theor etical results which are derived froma model in which turbulenceclosure scheme is used.
Fourier analysis of weekly soil moisture at Pune
Authors: SAMUI R. P.
Published: January 2022

The wee!..l) soil moistu re data collected at Centra l Agromcl Observat ory ICA ~ M O J . PuucJuril1~ 19 5 K·P~ S9 have been subjccctcd to Fo urie r analysis. With norm al dat a the amplit udc~ For Varillll'i dc pl h ~'"U)' between 0 .76 In I . 1.2 em of wate r Iu r first harmonic and decrease sha rply \\ ith h igher order harmonic...l he •...rlucs for fourth harm onic range from 0 .0 3 to 0 ,07 em of water o nly. UUY, C\W, the highest amplit ude forthe calendar vcars 19t'4. 19S5. IIJH7 and 19S9 i'i fou nd 10 va ry between 0 . 45 10 1. .15 ern of wat er irrespective Ill'-oi l dep ths. Under normal co ndit io n.. the ma ximu m so il moistu re nca r the soi l surface 0 .5 em dep th ! occurson 15 September while at 30 em depth. the soil moi st ure ma vim um occurs on 2-4 September. a dcluy of 9 da) s.1:, lf th e four soil dep ths co nsidered in thi s study. the first . second and third har mo nics rc pr c-sent rc..pc...Iivc 1,\~.46. 2-32 .\ 4-26 & 67-S6. 6-t 4 a r-d 1 · 6 ~,~ of total var iance res pecti ve ly for eac h of th e years 19S-4. 19S5.IIJg7 a nd t9~9 and normal dura. The cha nge in 'oil mUI..ture pattern after J une and October due In occ urrence(If southwe...t and northeast monsoon i~ wctl ref lected .
Some features of hourly rainfall during southwest monsoon season at Delhi
Authors: PURI S. R. , DUGGAL Y. M. , LAL BHUKAN , KANT RAJNI
Published: January 2022

Character! ...tic feature.. .of SO.ul~WC"i1 monsoo n (June to September! rainfall of NewDelh i with its di urnal . cumulative a nd r.angl:\\tlsC' vanallon have bee n studied by constructi ng hourly and ra nge[ntcrval vcries fr om hycto grams ofS~lfdaoung for uic ten years' period. 19?6-1?8~. Stat ion exhibits ligh t to moderaterainfall "altern witha fcw events til rather hea vy rai nfall. The pancm of vanau on of average seasona l and ho urlyrain fall intensity. rainfall per ch ronological hou r. l1,lcan pruba hility of occurrence and its average rai n-dura tionhave been discussed . Cumulative curves between ram amou nt, rain duration and rainfall of increasing amountshave been hrought out . Fo r he...rvy ra infall even ts. the highest probable intensity and its dural ion ha ve been \wrkl't!l )UI.
Studies of aerosols at Delhi
Authors: PAHWA D. R. , SINGAL S. P. , KHEMANl L. T.
Published: January 2022

Aerosol size distrib ut ion and conce ntra tion have been measured us ing Ander sen par ticlecascade i-npactor and G.M .W. high vOI.ume sampler respectively. Sampling was done as per the sta bility conditionsof fum igation period. un stable convecuvc con dition s (free rmxmgj a nd the nocturna l sta ble per iod. In the pap er,concentr at ion , size distribu tio n and other relat ed studi es of pa rt iculate mat ter has been reported in the light ofsodar determ ined stability and mixing height of the A8L at Delhi.
Soil-moisture and evapotranspiration simulations for irrigated wheat using Soil- Plant-Atmosphere- Water (SPAW ) model
Authors: RATHORE L. S. , SRINIVASAN G. , SINGH K. K.
Published: January 2022

goil-Plant -Atmosph erc-Watcr (S PAW) model has been applied 10 sim ula te soil-moistureprofiles for .... hea l in Delhi. Prescr ibed Inrorrnation on wheat growt h characteristics and soils alongwit h dailymeteorological data on evaporation an d rainfall were used to estima te soil- moi sture 31 a locat ion in Delhi for I Iyear s. Soil moisture simulations from model runs of consecu tive f,."T"0P seasons from 1979-80 10 1989-90 were infa vourable agreement with the gravimetrically measured obse rved dat a. Comparisons were also made for themo del gene rat ed eva pot ra nspi rat ion values. Ccrrcla tionv between observed a nd simu la ted soil-moisture in tho:different layers ra nged from 0 .7 to 0.85 for the tl -year period . Similarl y. integrated co lumn moisture amountsduring d iffe rent stage; of the crop also sho wed sign ificant cor rela tio ns ra nging from 0 .4 to 0 .8 . The model exhibitsa tendency to syste-n nicall v over estimate soil-moist ure du ring the final stage s of crop. possibly due I,)im perfections in in put . model a rt ifacts an~ observationa l ina deq uaci es. H ONe..-er-. the overall ability of the modelto rep roduce obser ved changes m soil-moisture for activ ely growing wheat crop In Indian con ditions, underlinesito; uti lity.
SNOWMELT PROCESSES AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: UPADHYAY D. S.
Published: January 2022

Snow u a dyn :lmic material which chanee, iu texure and properties almost continuously. BesidesIhis cha Uen,ina aspect. we are also conce rned with itt role in water supply, recreation. maintenance of environmentalstandard. modifyina atmospheric:circulation and also in destructive forces like avalanche and s1ides~ Presentpaper dw. witb rollowina l '1p«1J or this subject :(i) Presentation of specific data and infonnation ilIustratina: pro perti es of snow related phenomena. Theseinformatimu hIve been collected (rom various literatu re and olhe r materials Including field observation!col lected by the author,(ii) Prucntalion of ~odolOlY and results of the following studies :(a) . deduction or thermal structure of mowpad usine equation of heat trans fer.(b) den.tty variationJ in time and space. and .(c) .nowmelt proce sses.(iil) Identification of sorne problems and outlinine the proposal for furth er studies.
NOAA/TOVS DERIVED UPPER TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH THE ONSET OF SOUTHWEST MONSOON OVER KERALA COAST
Authors: JOSHI P. C. , SIMON B.
Published: January 2022

Th e NOAA· scries of pol ar urbiting meteorological JalellitC"J cany cnboent an instrumentTOYSOlROS Operational Vertical Sounder). The temperature profile da la from thi! instrument over Pakistan beatlow region and Tibetan pla teau region i5 examined in relatio n to the onset of sout h~ mnruoon OWf Kent. coast.A si,nificanl temperatu re increase in upper troposphere nead y rv.u ·~u in a.1V11ncfO of onset of monsoonh.. been observed.
POOR VISIBILITY DURING WINTER OVER SANTACRUZ AIRPORT- ITS CAUSES AND FORECAST
Authors: SURESH R.
Published: January 2022

Th ere is rapid decrease in \isib ihl }' l1uri ne r a tly Illumine hou rs in winter season o ver Santacruzairport .Th e deterioration at times preve nt... a irc ra ft ope ra tio n in uu u for about ) ho ur or so ,Th e cau ses of red uct io n invisibility. l":.. strong nocturnal inversion {lew level ). poll ut ion in th e lower atmosphe re. lighl ....'ind etc have beenanalySt"d in th is paper. It was c bserved th at ind us trial end domestic po ll ution together with strong low level noctu rn a lin version causes poor visibility, Visib ility attains double minima-one between 1800 and 2UOO UTC and th e othe rbetween 0200 and 0300 lITC. An objective me thod 10 forec ast visibility in th e next 2 to 3 hOUfShas been d eveloped inthis paper.
NOCTURNAL SURFACE INVERSIONS IN CENTRAL EASTERN INDIA
Authors: PIGGIN I. G. , ALLEY S. K.
Published: January 2022

Monitoring of nocturnal su rface inversions in the vicinit y of Steel Authority of Ind ia lid. Steelplants at Bhila i. Bokaro. Durgapur and Rourk-cia in central eas tern Ind ia. for 40 niahu in January. February andMarch 1990. indi cated that surface inversions developed every night when weathe r conditions were favourable (clea rskies and light winds) , Th e ceiling heiaht of surface inversions eenerally increased as the niah t progressed. withrouahly two-th irds hiefler th an 100 m and a maximum record ed heigh t of 520 m. Th e maximum recorded surfaceinversio n strt"ngth (temperature difference between th e surface and the ceilingjwas 8.6C· at Dura:apur.1 .4C· at Bhilaiand aroun d 5-SC· at both Bokam and Rourkela. A reaso nable estimate of the .srrongest surface inversion would beJOC· to 12C· in the lOwnl 250 m of th e atmosphere.The proportion of surface invers ions greater than 4C· was 80%atDurgapur. .s5llb at 8hilal4.s% at Bokaro an d If.'" at Rourkela.These differences between loca tion!'wee- caused la l'iel yby varying weathe r conditions during the monit oring period.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RAIN WATER OVER BHUBANESWAR, ORISSA
Authors: DAS S. , MEHTA B. C. , SINGH R. V. , SRIVASTAVA S. K.
Published: January 2022

Mon soon ram water over Bhubaneswar were collected and analysed during 198&. 1989 and 1991for CO}. HeO, . a . 50,.<NO}. Na. K Ca. Me. SiD: . EC and pH. The data shows that the chemical composition ofrain water is sready affected by meteorological cond itions. «r. intens ity, quantity and interva l between successiveshowers and al.so on wind velocity. II was round that with some exceprlon the ini tial showers are eenerally moresa lin e th an the subsequent o nes. the rati os between variou s co nstituents varyquite irregularly,Thesourcesofvariousconstituents have bee n discussed and th e amount of various ptant nutrients though sm all in relation 10 overallrequirem ent s of pla nu brought down by r-ain have been ca lcu lated in kg/hec.
LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS IN TROPOSPHERIC WINDS DURING CONTRASTING SUMMER MONSOON OVER INDIA
Authors: DE U. S. , NATU J. C.
Published: January 2022

TIle'low frequency Iluctu atio ns in the troposphe ric wind field over India has been studied by spec tnuu~ na l l"i, tech nique. duri ng con trasting mon soons. namely, d rought and good monsoons ba sed on rainfall3cti\il)·. Si~ lliflc ant spectral peaks d urin g these years ha ve bee n iden tified.Zon al wind shea r in the lower tropospher ehan' also bern examin ed and the periodici ty in th e near 4()..day mode have bee n documented . Th e interannual, 'n.riill1i1ily of the mode and its potential as medium range predicti on tool has been examined in therrnpn perspect ive.
GENERATION OF WIND-SERIES USING CUMULATIVE PROBABILITY WIND TRANSITION MATRIX-A FIRST ORDER MARKOV PROCESS
Authors: MASCARENHAS A. , GOUVEIA A. D. , DESAI R. G. PRABHU
Published: January 2022

One appl ica tion ofihe cuuiulative probability wind tra ns ition matrix is 10 determine the variousprnhal"lk ....i n,1....-ries th ai mi1;\'hl occur. during the period fur which offs hore oilspil1 risk is 10 be analysed. Du ring th is;Inalpli ~ ""'t" haw to gene la te different probable "';110.1 conditions at d iff erent Instances oftime. OnC" ur lhe method s tosiumlutcthe nl lhlu m wind behaviourt hrough lime. is 10 U ~ h istorical wi nd da ta presented in the fon n of wi nd Ira n...ilion lItutrix. Th is pa per h it;hli.::hts th r- 1llC'l h(Klulog)' and use ofthe cumulat ive probability v.i nd transition matrix. in~t'lh"ral ill~ 1111' ,Iifferl:'nl proba ble wind-series.
APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING IN THE STUDY OF MONSOON ENERGETICS OVER BAY OF BENGAL DURING SUMMER MONSOON
Authors: GOSWAMI V. K. , SIKDAR D. N.
Published: January 2022

IIAR ~ , rR;\CT All attempt has been made 10 slUd )' tho roon soon c ne rgeucs over Bil)' of Hengal by stu, lying th ecloud and monsoon depression field s during sum mer monsoon using 11 ROS ·N sa telli te ima ge ri es . Th e i UU h Pakinetic ft amn-s. ,-.g . vergen ce. vortic ity and vertical vclochics fur Hfcw selected ph ases in th e Ray ufHen gal .luring 27JUll("-6 Allgn ..l l Q"7lj within the 10° X Ill o grid box (it" . IS-!5 °N & ~5 0 95 ° E ) wt're computed. Next. th e kinematicIeamres o f n rypi cul disturbed phase (5-7 Jul y 1979) we re studied in a Lagrangian frame by using drop wind so n' lednm of 1 S n"!'ic;lr..: h ai rcrutt. The data profiles II a nd I' him:' been drawn 10 idemit'y the evolutiona ry femll~ ." of finassociau- I 111 1111 snnn depression.Fol lr wing Such ruau rr 111 ( I ~77) and the cln ud d lls l" r ~ltJ.t ics of (jnsw:uui t." nt , (I 'J9U): th l"wo plausible lIlod elsof Il1ntt s tlon dL'p lr ..."i n l1 hil\"l' been posmhued in lerms of C lusl er ClJ ~ l eSl.:e n ..:e Theory (CCn and Ginn! e lu slernl ~lr)· (( iCl"!The '(" nl en l 1l1 11. ~' d rClllntiuns 'Ailhin an ll a ruun,t Ihe lllunsuon d lopres..,iol1 wcn.- inl l.-ne,l hy making ll ~e ofGt }F.S im a!:l' l·l ·il-" Th " kinemal ic stud ies have rew ala l that th e h ighe r vH lues of \'ertical veloci ties , posi ti\ 'c \·.. r1icilylind \'t'll.l' C" '11.'1' c n lT,,~p h ll d w jlll lhe max imuUl cooncct in ' cloud ..:o\'e rllge 1';SoO-\'; .f fClnuing and mntu re stages ormo nSllllll d C")lll' , !, icl11
EFFECT OF WESTWARD MOVING CLOUD ORGANISATIONS IN WEST AND NEAR EQUATORIAL PACIFIC OCEAN ON THE MONSOON RAINFALL OF INDIA
Authors: LAL ASOI , SUNDAR R. S.
Published: January 2022

Th en: are various synoptic s)')leDls which affect the rainfall over India during southwest mansoonseason directly or indirectly. AJ'110 J12 them. one subject of interest is the westward movina cloud pulses over th eequatorial wt'sl Pacific region. An attempt h as been made to connect the satellite c10uJ pulses in the eq ua torial westPacific. ns seen in the INSAT· I geostationary satellite imageries. with the rai nfall of selected meteorological subqh·i~ on~ o f Ind ia v.tlkh an: seemingly affected by Ih ~'~ pulses.
DIURNAL ENERGY BALANCE STUDIES OVER WHEAT USING BOWEN RATIO ENERGY BALANCE METHOD
Authors: Mokate A.S. , VARSHNEYA M. C. , NAIDU T. R .V.
Published: January 2022

Enelll:Y bala nce study was cond ucted uver ....n eat crop at its vari ou s Ilru"'1h stases unde r irriga tedcondition .. usine Bo~'e11 Rat io Enere)' Balance (HRt:lH 1U~1huJ . On clea r days net radi auo i. (R.> ranee.! from S17 10()l)4 w mc TIH" mi d-day latent heat partitioning was appnlJ.imalely H9. lUI. 92 and 1m", o f R. at joinung, flowe ring.soli doujh find ha rd d uugh stage s re spectlve ry. The soil heat n ux (5) was approximatel y 6 to 13%of R" a nd wasminimum .11 "nfl ,toul!'h ..tage. Th e se ns ible heat udvecu ou ""liS found In be a common ph enomenon a nd comrtbutedapp U),'(iOl;\td)' 1 to S"'" o f R. a t mid -liar a nd ihi Inten ..il)' wa s 1Il 0~ afte r 1401.) hOI at all stases
THE EVAPOTRANSPIRATIVE DEMAND AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF MAIZE CROP (ZEA MAYS L.) IN THE SEMI-ARID TRACT OF INDIA
Authors: DAS H. P. , BALLAL A. S.
Published: January 2022

Mai ze is an Impo rta nt component o f th e d ry lau d fanning system o f India. In th e present study.d ata fur five years' period for three 51ation s. viz.. New Delhi. Rajendran agar an d Bellary in th e dry farm ing tr act ofInd ia have been iuili zed to und erstand evapotra nspira tive deman d of the crop in relat ion to pan-evaporat ion , andsolar rad iation. Biomet ric cha racte ristic. e.g.. heil:ht ofthe pla nt has also been analysed \'U-U-I';S meteorological facton.' V,lIer use efficie ncy of maul," has also been workedout nnd discu ssed .

Th e analysis indica ted th ai th e maize plant uses maximum water during the flowering stage. Th e ETJEP rati ogradu ally in creases fmm germination aua ining a maximum value 8 to 10we eks after sowing.Th is ratio is found 10 besignilican tl)' correlated with the plan t height . The ETIR, curve was found 10 follow a sigm oid patt ern reac hingmaximum during flowering stage. Th e water use efficiency of maize crop vari es ove r wide margins in limeand space.
STUDIES ON EFFECT OF WEATHER ON TRADITIONAL PHOTOSENSITIVE PTB-L AND HIGH YIELDING JAYA VARIETIES BY CURVILINEAR TECHNIQUE AT PATTAMBI, KERALA
Authors: SAMUI R. P. , CHOWDHURY A.
Published: January 2022

A SlU d)' wa... cond ucted with tradition al photosensitive PTR-I an d hijrh )ield ina Jaya varieties ofnet' j'rown duri n~ kharifcrop season in sanlly loem soil under rai n(C'tJ co nd ition at Pauambt.Th e a nalysis was basedon curvili near tech nique an d seasonal rain fall. max imum an d minimum temperatures a nd briahl hou rs ofsunsh inehave been used.Th e stull )' enshit's determination of respo nse of yield to l1ilTercni ranees ofweather factor s. From (hefinal cu rves de te rm ine d in till' IInnl)'si s it is also ru ~...ibl e 10 e S li m~ te yield for diffe rent mean values of theweather factorsThe stud) revealed that ramfull is not that important for Ja)·. variet y. It abo does not nenl la l'Je amount of su nshineCOmpDrN to PTD-1. For both va riet ies. a lUu imum temperature of 29-C appears ideal for opt imum)it"ld
Spectrum analysis and prediction possibilities of the onset dates of southwest monsoon over Kerala (India)
Authors: KANE R. P.
Published: January 2022

Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis of the time series for the onset dates of the southwest monsoon over Kerala (India) revealed several periodicities significant at a 2a a priori level. some at a 3 C a  priori level However these contributed only 40-50% to the total variance thus indicating 50-60% as purely random component. Also many of the significant periodicities observed were in the QBO region (T = 2-3 years) which. due to their variable periodicities and amplitudes, are almost equivalent to a random component. Hence predictions were possible only with a  limit exceeding 5 days which are probably not very useful for any planning purposes agricultural or otherwise. No relationship was found between onset dates of established monsoon rainfall and the 50 hPa mean monthly equatorial zonal wind for the months of March, April, May or June. However there is a possibility that a relationship may exist between westerly (easterly) winds in May and early (late) onset of the first monsoon (or pre-monsoon ?) rainfall in Kerala. Meager or otherwise.
Climatic classification of Bangladesh
Authors: MOBASSHER A. , HOSSAIN AHMAD
Published: January 2022

Using climatological data for 27 years of 16 stations an attempt has been made to classify the climate of Bangladesh by the method of Ivanov (1941. 1956 & 1958). Selianinov (1966). Gorsinkii and Shever (1976). By Ivanov's method it has been established that there are three climatic zones in Bangladesh (i) zone with simple humid climate- western bordering districts of Bangladesh; (ii) zone with sufficient humid climate -areas of Bangladesh mainly to the west of 90. E and (iii) zone with super humid climate areas or Bangladesh mainly to the east of 90"E. Almost analogous climatic zones have been obtained by Selianinov's method. By Gorsinkii's method. it has been shown that there are three climatic zones in Bangladesh' (i) quasi-maritime climate -southeastern and northeastern hilly areas; (ii} climate of the plain land- the central belt of the country. and (iii) quasi-continental clill1ate -western bordering districts. By Shevers method it has been shown that there is only sharp continental type of climate in Bangladesh.
Behaviour of relative evapotranspiration with agrometeorological stress indices in wheat
Authors: BISHNOI O.P. , SINGH MOHAN , SINGH SURINDER
Published: January 2022

Complex behaviour of stress indices with relative evapotranspiration was observed in early and late sown wheat, however, under normal sown conditions it was linearly decreasing. Predawn leaf water potential and transpiration rate proved to be a stable stress index parameter for characterizing the internal moisture status in the plant as compared to the canopy temperature and stomatal resistance under stress conditions in wheat. Since it is easy to quantify canopy/leaf temperature and within seasonal variations it is widely used for scheduling irrigation and quantigying moisture stress effects on growth and development in wheat.
Forecasting of minimum temperature over Gangtok
Authors: ATTRI S.D. , PANDYA A.B. , DUBEY D.P.
Published: January 2022

A study has been conducted to assess day-to-day changes, departure and persistence of minimum temperature and the frequency of cold wave and severe cold wave over Gangtok for five winter months i.e., November-March for the years 1969 to 1992. Regression models have also been formulated to forecast minimum temperature with the knowledge of dew point, cloud amount, maximum temperature and minimum temperature recorded on previous day. In case of changes, ‘little change’ and ‘no change’ constitute about four-fifth of total changes. The cases of nearly normal were found maximum when departure of minimum temperature from normal was considered. Frequency of cold wave and severe cold wave has been recorded more in January and February respectively. It has been observed that there is a gradual fall in the percentage frequency with the increase in the magnitude of variation. Regression model gives good results from November to February.
Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka floods of November 1992 --A meteorological study
Authors: SINGH RANJIT
Published: January 2022

Observations made with the help of INSAT imageries in connection with the development and track of the Tuticorin cyclone which gave heavy rains causing devastating floods in Tamil Nadu. Kerala and Karnataka in November 1992. reveal the following .

(i) The movement of the Cyclonic Storm (CS) was affected by the mid-tropospheric easterly and westerly troughs into which its circulation got embedded successively.

(ii) The CS reintensified on approaching the Tamil Nadu coast.

(iii) Near the west coast the cloud body of the deep depression moved over land ahead of its circulationwhich was still centred over sea.
Improvisation in current weather display system
Authors: BHATNAGAR M. K.
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT. Presently the current weather information at four International Airports in India is being provided to air traffic control units through a Close Circuit Television (CCTV) system. The meteorological assistant who sits in the control tower obtains the information from various panels in front of him, prepares the display card by filling values of various parameters and then displays it through CCTV system. This method of display is outdated and lacks quality. Two improved computer based display systems have been developed at Meteorological Office. Palam. These systems greatly improve the quality of display presentation. These can also be used to extend the current weather display system to distant users like, International Airlines offices. One of the system is under test at the Meteorological Office, Palam, Terminal  and working satisfactorily. A remote extension of this display system is also working at international Meteorological Office at Terminal II which is 10 km away from the main office at Terminal I.
Effect of latent heat release on mountain waves in a sheared mean flow
Authors: KUMAR P. , SINGH M. P. , PADMANABHAN N. , NATARAJAN N.
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT. The effect of latent heat release on windward side of the mountain due to precipitation over the mountain waves has been studied assuming wind speed changing with respect to height. A  single profile based on actual Peshawar data has been considered for the analysis. A thin level of heating has been chosen at medium level for the purpose of study. For non-hydrostatic case it is observed that in non-precipitation case when balanced heating/cooling takes place on the windward/leeward side or the mountain the effect of heating is negligibly small. However, for precipitation case downward displacement on the windward side, just above the level of heating. is obvious. Interference with the upstream current by the waves, produced due to elevated thermal forcing and reflected from the around surface is attributed to this phenomenon. Increase in the wave amplitude on the lee-side of the mountain as compared to non-precipitating case is also found. It is also revealed that higher the level or heating lesser the amplitude of the induced disturbance. 4.5 km agl is the level which is maximum affected by heating in general.

 

For large and shallow mountainous terrains. hydrostatic solutions have been produced for three different levels of heating for sheared flow, Streamlines have been drawn. On comparison with no shear case, it may be inferred that shear effect is opposite to that due to thermal forcing.