bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple nontrivial solutions of superlinear fractional Laplace equations without (AR) condition
Authors: Zhao Leiga , Cai Hongrui , Chen Yutong
Published: February 2023

In this article, we study a class of nonlinear fractional Laplace problems with a parameter and superlinear nonlinearity

(

−
Δ

)

s

u
=
λ
u
+
f

(

x
,
u

)

,

in

Ω
,

u
=
0
,

in

R

N

\
Ω
.

\left\{\phantom{\rule[-1.25em]{}{0ex}}\begin{array}{ll}{\left(-\Delta )}^{s}u=\lambda u+f\left(x,u),\hspace{1.0em}& \hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}\Omega ,\\ u=0,\hspace{1.0em}& \hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}\backslash \Omega \right.\end{array}\right.

Multiplicity of nontrivial solutions is obtained when the parameter is near the eigenvalue of the fractional Laplace operator without Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz condition for the nonlinearity. Our methods are the combination of minimax method, bifurcation theory, and Morse theory.
Vocabulary learning in a foreign language: multimedia input, sentence-writing task, and their combination
Authors: Teng Mark Feng , Zhang Danyang
Published: February 2023

This article examines the effects of task conditions (i.e., with and without a sentence-writing task), multimedia input (definition only, definition + information, definition + information + videos), and combinations of these two variables on the learning gains of new words. This study involved a 2 × 3 research design. In total, 235 Chinese EFL learners were allocated to the six conditions. Vocabulary learning outcomes were measured by pre- and post-tests on 24 target items. The results showed that the definition + information + videos group scored significantly higher than the definition + information and the definition-only groups. Additionally, the sentence-writing task increased the effectiveness of vocabulary learning versus the condition without this task. The combination of the definition + information + videos condition and sentence-writing task was identified as the most effective technique for learning lexical items. This study highlighted the effectiveness of combining multimedia input with a sentence-writing task to learn new words. Relevant teaching and theoretical implications were also discussed.
Generalized Crofoot transform and applications
Authors: Khan Rewayat , Farooq Aamir
Published: February 2023

Matrix-valued asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators are compressions of multiplication operators acting between two model spaces. These are the generalization of matrix-valued truncated Toeplitz operators. In this article, we describe symbols of matrix-valued asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators equal to the zero operator. We also use generalized Crofoot transform to find a connection between the symbols of matrix-valued asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators

T

(

Θ

1

,

Θ

2

)

{\mathcal{T}}\left({\Theta }_{1},{\Theta }_{2})

and

T

(

Θ

1

′

,

Θ

2

′

)

{\mathcal{T}}\left({\Theta }_{1}^{^{\prime} },{\Theta }_{2}^{^{\prime} })

.
Developing a European longitudinal and interprofessional curriculum for clinical reasoning
Authors: Hege Inga , Adler Martin , Donath Daniel , Durning Steven J. , Edelbring Samuel , Elvén Maria , Bogusz Ada , Georg Carina , Huwendiek Sören , Körner Melina , Kononowicz Andrzej A. , Parodis Ioannis , Södergren Ulrika , Wagner Felicitas L. , Wiegleb Edström Desiree
Published: February 2023

Clinical reasoning is a complex and crucial ability health professions students need to acquire during their education. Despite its importance, explicit clinical reasoning teaching is not yet implemented in most health professions educational programs. Therefore, we carried out an international and interprofessional project to plan and develop a clinical reasoning curriculum with a train-the-trainer course to support educators in teaching this curriculum to students. We developed a framework and curricular blueprint. Then we created 25 student and 7 train-the-trainer learning units and we piloted 11 of these learning units at our institutions. Learners and faculty reported high satisfaction and they also provided helpful suggestions for improvements. One of the main challenges we faced was the heterogeneous understanding of clinical reasoning within and across professions. However, we learned from each other while discussing these different views and perspectives on clinical reasoning and were able to come to a shared understanding as the basis for developing the curriculum. Our curriculum fills an important gap in the availability of explicit clinical reasoning educational materials both for students and faculty and is unique with having specialists from different countries, schools, and professions. Faculty time and time for teaching clinical reasoning in existing curricula remain important barriers for implementation of clinical reasoning teaching.
Single 30 min treadmill exercise session suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in obese female adolescents
Authors: Pranoto Adi , Rejeki Purwo Sri , Miftahussurur Muhammad , Setiawan Hayuris Kinandita , Yosika Ghana Firsta , Munir Misbakhul , Maesaroh Siti , Purwoto Septyaningrum Putri , Waritsu Cakra , Yamaoka Yoshio
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Regular treadmill exercise may result in changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. However, the way acute treadmill exercise mechanisms affect the changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in obese has not been comprehensively exposed. This study aimed to analyze the pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress between 30 min before treadmill exercise and 24 h after treadmill exercise in obese adolescents.

Methods

A total of 20 obese females aged 19–24 years were recruited from female students and given one session of treadmill exercise with an intensity of 60–70% HRmax. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was used to analyze serum levels of MDA, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, the independent samples t-test with a significance level of 5% was employed to have the statistical analysis.

Results

The results on 24 h after treadmill exercise and delta (Δ) between CTRL and TREG showed a significant difference (p<0.001).

Conclusions

This study found a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress 24 h after treadmill exercise in obese adolescents. Therefore, treadmill exercise can be a promising strategy for preventing adolescents from obesity as well as preventing disease risks associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
A review on pulmonary and mediastinal synovial sarcoma
Authors: Dewi Kristin Purnama , Dewi Ivana Purnama , Iswanto Iswanto , Wulandari Laksmi
Published: February 2023

Sarcoma is defined as a tumor located in the thoracic cavity. However, sarcoma can occur on every side of the body. Synovial sarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor originating from pluripotent with a high malignancy rate. The most common predilection of synovial sarcoma is in the joints. Primary synovial sarcoma of the lung and mediastinum are rare tumors and generally malignant. There are only a few cases have been reported. Definite diagnosis is made by histopathological, immunohistochemistry, and cytogenetic examination. The management strategy for synovial sarcoma requires multimodality treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, effective and relatively non-toxic therapy for primary synovial sarcoma is still developed. The five years life expectancy is higher if the patient received adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy after surgery.
Redetermination of crystal structure of [bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine-κ
3
N,Nʹ,Nʺ]chloridopalladium(II) chloride monohydrate
Authors: Ha Kwang
Published: February 2023

C12H13Cl2N3Pd·H2O, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.0698(4) Å, b = 8.5546(6) Å, c = 12.8539(9) Å, α = 106.541(2)°, β = 102.510(2)°, γ = 91.572(2)°, V = 724.23(8) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0199, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0438, T = 223 K.
A review of tiger conservation studies using nonlinear trajectory: A telemetry data approach
Authors: Choudhary Richa , Dahiya Susheela , Choudhury Tanupriya
Published: February 2023

Radio telemetry is being used in India to capture the location and movements of radio-collared wild animals. Radio telemetry data analysis has changed the scenario for wildlife conservation. It has provided many models and solutions for natural habitat utilization, genetic diversity, and even implementing green corridors for the species. Insights drawn from the data collected through radio telemetry from radio-collared animals have provided impactful information to understand the wild animal’s ecology. In the past few years, India has remarkably improved the population of tigers using telemetry studies and other conservation methods. In this study, a review of the telemetry studies conducted for tigers in India in the past decade has been presented. This study summarizes the telemetry studies of tigers in India and discusses how telemetry has enhanced the knowledge of ecologists and scientists to understand tiger ecology. This study also discusses the challenges and issues of conducting telemetry studies on tigers in India. Finally, the authors address the gaps in understanding the tiger’s ecology based on these studies and outline how radio telemetry can address these issues to better understand and conserve tigers.
Production of 192Ir sealed sources in Es Salam research reactor for non-destructive testing
Authors: Khechekhouche Fateh , Ararem Abderrahmane , Salhi M'hamed , Benkharfia Hocine , Kadouma Mourad , Touiza Mohamed
Published: February 2023

An iridium-192 miniature sealed source was produced by irradiation of 12 metal disks of natural iridium (470.5 mg) under a thermal neutron flux of 9.4 × 1013 n cm−2 s−1 during 200 h in Es Salam research reactor (Algeria). The preliminary activity was measured after 10 days decay time by a CAPINTEC type CRC-712 M dose calibrator, the given activity was 1.9 × 1011 Bq (5.2 Ci). To estimate source activity, a modeling of reactor core and irradiation container with the targets was made by MCNP5 code with and without iridium targets to evaluate the effect of the disturbance and reaction; the calculated activity using disturbed flux was comparable with that measured. A non-destructive test using 192Ir sealed sources with GammaMat TSI type B(U) projectors was carried out to evaluate the integrity of the weld joint at the bend of a carbon steel pipe. The weld quality of two plates; carbon steel and stainless steel was also evaluated. In terms of sensitivity, the resulting gamma images matched well and reported a real finding on the state of tested samples.
Some fixed-point theorems for a pair of Reich-Suzuki-type nonexpansive mappings in hyperbolic spaces
Authors: Valappil Sreya Valiya , Pulickakunnel Shaini
Published: February 2023

In this article, we prove some fixed-point results for a pair of Reich-Suzuki-type nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex

W

W

-hyperbolic spaces. We introduce a new iterative scheme and establish its convergence to the fixed points of a pair of Reich-Suzuki-type nonexpansive mappings. We illustrate our main result with an example, and using Matlab code, it is observed that our iteration converges faster than the iteration defined by Garodia et al. for a pair of Reich-Suzuki-type nonexpansive mappings. An application is given to substantiate our main result.
An asymmetric mononuclear cobalt(II) compound derived from 3-bromo-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid involving in-situ hydrothermal decarboxylation: structure, magnetic property and Hirshfeld surface analysis
Authors: Li Jun-Xia , Ge Shuai , Lu Yi-Jing , Xu Xiao-Jie , Liu Chang , Li Shi-Hui
Published: February 2023

A new cobalt(II) compound with the formula [Co(5-Br-pyc)(2,2′-bipy)(H2O)(Cl)]·2H2O (1·H2O) (5-Br-Hpyc = 5-bromo-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, 2,2′-bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) has been hydrothermally synthesized and well characterized. The X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis showed that 1⋅2H2O has crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c (no. 14). The Co(II) center was octahedrally bonded by one bidentate chelate 5-Br-pyc anion and one 2,2′-bipy, one water molecule as well as one chloride anion to form the mononuclear structure of 1⋅2H2O. Complex 1⋅2H2O forms a 3D network through abundant O–H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. Notably, the 5-Br-Hpyc ligand was in situ generated by decarboxylation of the 3-bromo-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (3-Br-H2pydc) precursor selectively on 2-position under hydrothermal conditions. The magnetic properties, the Hirshfeld surface structure and the synthetic process for 1⋅2H2O have been carefully described and discussed.
Transferencia del flexor hallucis longus en un paciente con síndrome pospoliomielítico con déficit de la función del tendón tibial posterior. Reporte de un caso y técnica quirúrgica
Authors: Rosales Anderica Fernando Emanuel , Raimondi Nicolás
Published: February 2023

El síndrome pospoliomielítico con déficit de la función del tendón tibial posterior puede presentarse con un pie equino flexible y marcha equina (steppage) en algunos pacientes. Se describe el caso de una paciente que solo conservaba la función muscular del tendón flexor hallucis longus y se decidió su transferencia al mediopié para obtener un pie plantígrado y restaurar la dorsiflexión.
Luxación medial y plantar del hueso navicular asociada a fractura-subluxación calcaneocuboidea. Presentación de un caso
Authors: Seletti Maximiliano , Parma Julián
Published: February 2023

Las luxaciones del escafoides aisladas y sin fractura son poco frecuentes. Por lo general, se presentan asociadas a fracturas del escafoides o a diversos patrones de lesión de la columna lateral. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con luxación medial y plantar del hueso navicular y fractura conminuta del proceso anterior del calcáneo y subluxación calcaneocuboidea. En el Servicio de Urgencia, se procedió a la reducción cerrada y la estabilización con agujas de Kirschner y, como tratamiento diferido, se colocaron placas en puente astragalonaviculo-cuneiforme y calcaneocuboidea de 2,0 mm, en forma transitoria, y el material de osteosíntesis se retiró a los 5 meses. El puntaje de la escala de la AOFAS fue excelente al año de seguimiento.

Conclusiones: Es necesario llegar a un diagnóstico adecuado descartando lesiones de la columna lateral y reducir esta lesión en la atención de urgencia. La estabilización con placas en puente es una opción válida que podría evitar la pérdida de la reducción que se observa al retirar los clavos de Kirschner y permite una carga precoz.
Bloqueo supramaleolar de tobillo para cirugía de pie y tobillo. Estudio retrospectivo de casos de los últimos cinco años
Authors: Manes Ghiotto Evelyn , Iglesias Mariano Omar
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Describir la técnica de bloqueo supramaleolar de tobillo y nuestra experiencia con este bloqueo en la cirugía de tobillo y pie.

Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, retrospectivo de los últimos 5 años en pacientes con enfermedad de tobillo y pie, sometidos a un bloqueo supramaleolar de tobillo. Se excluyó a pacientes con cirugía previa, cirugías bilaterales, neuropatía periférica o enfermedad vascular, diabetes, infección activa o tabaquistas. Se realizó el bloqueo supramaleolar de tobillo con lidocaína al 2% y bupivacaína al 0,5%, teniendo en cuenta las referencias anatómicas. Se evaluaron la duración del bloqueo, la escala analógica visual de dolor a las 24 h de la cirugía, el tiempo hasta la toma del primer analgésico y el grado de satisfacción del paciente.

Resultados: Se incluyó a 771 pacientes operados, todos tuvieron una analgesia completa por, al menos, 12 h (duración promedio 18 h). El puntaje promedio de la escala para dolor a las 24 h fue de 1,4. El tiempo promedio hasta la toma del primer analgésico fue de 16 h. El grado de satisfacción del paciente con el bloqueo y el dolor percibido en las primeras 24 h fue: muy satisfecho (89%), satisfecho (10%) y poco satisfecho (1%). No hubo casos de secuela neurológica permanente, toxicidad sistémica ni infección.

Conclusión: El bloqueo supramaleolar de tobillo es un método simple, eficaz y seguro que puede realizar el traumatólogo para obtener una analgesia posquirúrgica prolongada.
Abordaje del seno del tarso para el tratamiento de las fracturas de calcáneo: una técnica de creciente difusión Maximiliano
Authors: Seletti Maximiliano , Slullitel Gastón , Calvi Juan , Pendino Ana
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Describir los resultados radiográficos y funcionales, y las complicaciones de la osteosíntesis de fracturas de calcáneo mediante el abordaje del seno del tarso.

Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron 54 fracturas articulares de calcáneo desplazadas en 50 pacientes con radiografías de pie, de frente y de perfil, y tomografía computarizada preoperatorias. Se tomaron radiografías de pie, de frente y de perfil sin carga en el posoperatorio inmediato y con carga a las semanas 6 y 12, y al final del seguimiento. Se midió el ángulo de Böhler y se cuantificó el grado de artrosis subastragalina y calcaneocuboidea. Se determinó el puntaje de la AOFAS y se registraron las complicaciones de la herida, las lesiones neurológicas y la necesidad de cirugías adicionales, como retiro del material de osteosíntesis y artrodesis subastragalina.

Resultados: El seguimiento fue de 30.8 meses. La serie estaba formada por 8 mujeres y 42 hombres, con una edad de 39.40 ± 14 años (rango 18-65). Cuarenta fracturas eran Sanders tipo II, 13 tipo III y 1 tipo IV. El puntaje de la AOFAS fue: excelente (12 casos), bueno (25 casos), regular (12 casos) y malo (5 casos). El ángulo de Böhler preoperatorio era de 10,8 ± 10,4° y 30,77 ± 8,24° al final del seguimiento (p <0,00001). El 3,7% tuvo complicaciones menores de la herida y el 5,6%, complicaciones mayores.

Conclusión: El abordaje del seno del tarso permite una reducción aceptable con resultados buenos y excelentes en la mayoría de los pacientes y escasas complicaciones de partes blandas.
Osteotomía de Evans sin injerto óseo en el pie plano estadio IIB del adulto
Authors: Villena Daniel Sebastián , Sotelano Pablo , Santini Araujo María Gala , Conti Leonardo , Parise Ana Cecilia , Carrasco Marina
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados radiográficos y funcionales al año de la cirugía, en una serie consecutiva de pacientes con diagnóstico de pie plano valgo estadio IIB, sometidos a una osteotomía de Evans sin injerto óseo.

Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó, en forma retrospectiva, a dos grupos de pacientes: grupo 1 (placa con espaciador, n = 12) y grupo 2 (celdas de PEEK, n = 14). La edad promedio era de 47 años (DE 18) en el grupo 1 y de 54 años (DE 12) en el grupo 2.

Resultados: Se evaluó a 26 pacientes (28 pies operados); 20 (77%) eran mujeres. Las mediciones radiográficas: ángulo de inclinación del calcáneo, ángulo astrágalo-calcáneo (perfil), ángulo astrágalo-calcáneo (frente), cobertura astragalonavicular, altura de la columna medial, longitud de la columna externa, arrojaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las determinaciones preoperatorias y al año dela cirugía. El puntaje promedio de la escala de la AOFAS al año fue de 96 (DE 4,70) en el grupo 1 y de 95 (DE 4,98) en el grupo 2. El puntaje en la escala analógica visual para dolor fue de 1,2 (DE 0,42) en el grupo 1 y 1,16 (DE 0,46) en el grupo 2.

Conclusiones: De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, concluimos en que la osteotomía de Evans sin el uso de injerto óseo logra preservar las correcciones obtenidas en el mediano plazo utilizando placas con espaciador o celdas de PEEK.
Rol de la alineación de la prótesis y las calcificaciones heterotópicas en la artroplastia total de tobillo
Authors: Villena Daniel Sebastián , Valenti Pablo , Verbner Jonathan , Sotelano Pablo , Santini Araujo María Gala , Conti Leonardo , Parise Ana Cecilia , Carrasco Marina
Published: February 2023

Introducción: El objetivo principal fue evaluar la relación entre la formación de calcificaciones heterotópicas y los parámetros de alineación de la prótesis.

Materiales y Métodos: La población estaba formada por 31 pacientes. Se evaluaron variables radiográficas de alineación, como ángulos alfa y beta, centro de rotación astragalino y el porcentaje de cobertura posterior de la tibia en el posoperatorio inmediato y a los 2 años. Las variables de evaluación clínica fueron: la escala analógica visual y la escala de la AOFAS, y el cuestionario SF-36 para evaluar la calidad de vida al final del seguimiento.

Resultados: La etiología más frecuente de la artrosis fue la postraumática (67,7%). En el posoperatorio inmediato, el ángulo alfa promedio fue de 88,7° (rango 82-92,6; DE ± 2,61); el ángulo beta, de 84,46° (rango 78,62-91,40; DE ± 3,59). La alineación del componente tibial en el plano frontal fue neutra en 25 pacientes (80,6%), en valgo en 6 (19,4%) y en varo (0%). A los 2 años de seguimiento, el 96% tenía calcificacionesheterotópicas. Mejoraron los puntajes en la escala de la AOFAS (preoperatorio/posoperatorio: 31,90/80,94) y en la escala analógica visual (preoperatorio/posoperatorio: 8,7/1,97) (p <0,05).

Conclusiones: No se halló una relación entre calcificaciones heterotópicas y peores resultados funcionales ni de dolor, excepto en los parámetros de calidad de vida (SF-36), como el rol físico, la limitación emocional y la percepción de la salud general, que empeoraron a medida que aumentó el grado de calcificacionesalrededor de la prótesis.
Seguridad de los portales para la reparación endoscópica del ligamento calcaneonavicular: estudio cadavérico
Authors: Masaragian Héctor , Rega Leonel Ariel , Perin Fernando , Ameriso Nicolás , Coria Hernán Eduardo , Fabrego César Miguel , Veizaga Velasco Johann Luis
Published: February 2023

Introducción: La lesión del ligamento calcaneonavicular ha sido descrita como una de las causas de la deformidad en el pie plano del adulto. El objetivo de este artículo es describir portales modificados para el diagnóstico y la reparación endoscópica de las lesiones del fascículo superomedial del ligamento calcaneonavicular y evaluar la seguridad de los portales utilizados.

Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cadavérico con seis preparados reproduciendo una lesión del fascículo superomedial del ligamento calcaneonavicular con una punta de corte de radiofrecuencia y la posterior reparación endoscópica. Se crearon dos portales modificados para el abordaje. Luego se procedió a la disección anatómica para evaluar la seguridad de los portales en relación con las estructuras anatómicas. El primer portal se realiza inmediatamente proximal a una línea trazada desde la punta del maléolo medial dirigida al centro del talón, el segundo portal se emplaza 0,5 cm proximal a la inserción del tendón tibial posterior en el escafoides por transiluminación. Si es necesario, se coloca un portal accesorio inmediatamente dorsal al tendón tibial posterior a mitad de camino entre los dos portales antes descritos.

Resultados: En todos los casos, fue posible la reparación del ligamento con el procedimiento endoscópico. En la disección anatómica de los portales, se observó una distancia promedio a las estructuras vasculonerviosas de 11,83 mm del portal proximal y de 9,66 mm del portal distal.

Conclusión: Los portales modificados son seguros y permiten la visualización directa del haz superomedial del ligamento calcaneonavicular y su reparación endoscópica.
Fractura de Tillaux en adultos. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía
Authors: Pérez Abdala Juan Ignacio , Carabelli Guido , De Cicco Franco L. , Sancineto Carlos Federico , Barla Jorge Daniel , Taype Zamboni Danilo
Published: February 2023

Introducción: La fractura de la región anterolateral de la epífisis distal de la tibia, o tubérculo de Tillaux-Chaput, es conocida como fractura de Tillaux. Se trata de una fractura extremadamente rara en los adultos, pero tiene una importancia fundamental, porque compromete la superficie articular tibio-astragalina, la estabilidad de la sindesmosis y, en algunos casos, la incisura peronea. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 45 años con un traumatismo rotatorio del tobillo izquierdo e impotencia funcional y dolor en la región anterolateral del tobillo. Las radiografías generaron la sospecha de un trazo de fractura correspondiente al tubérculo de Tillaux-Chaput. Por lo tanto, se realizó una tomografía computarizada que confirmó una fractura de Tillaux, que tenía un desplazamiento >2 mm y compromiso de la incisura peronea. La paciente fue sometida a reducción abierta y fijación interna. La fractura consolidó a los 3 meses. Al año de la cirugía, su estado clínico y funcional es excelente. Conclusión: La sospecha diagnóstica que surge de una completa anamnesis y un meticuloso examen físico, y la confirmación mediante estudios por imágenes son esenciales para abordar correctamente patrones de fracturas raros, como la fractura de Tillaux.
Puntajes VI
Authors: Bersusky Ernesto , Arzac Ulla Ignacio , Loterzo Lidia G. , Ricciardi Guillermo , Zanotti Gerardo
Published: February 2023

El Comité Editorial quiere brindar a sus lectores una actualización de las escalas de uso corriente. El empleo de tablas y escalas es una práctica muy extendida en la Ortopedia y Traumatología. La medición y la cuantificación de los aspectos clínicos, funcionales y radiográficos se convirtieron en una herramienta imprescindible para la toma de decisiones en diferentes aspectos de la actividad asistencial. Llevamos a cabo una revisión de las escalas más utilizadas, definiendo su uso e incluyendo bibliografía original y actualizada.
Breeding range extension of Southern Carmine Bee-eater Merops nubicoides in Botswana
Authors: McKenzie Duncan
Published: February 2023

This paper reports the first observations of Southern Carmine Bee-eater Merops nubicoides breeding in the Limpopo drainage system, in Botswana, and suggests that it is likely that this species also breeds on the banks of the Limpopo River, on the South African side.
Accessing Behavioral Health Services and the Justice-Involved: The Significance of Ecological Considerations
Authors: Ojha Mamta , Petra Megan , Burek Melissa , Mahapatra Neely
Published: February 2023

Knowledge and understanding of reentry challenges, reentry programming, and reentry evaluations is primarily limited to formerly incarcerated persons (FIPs) who return to urban areas despite the structural and contextual differences between urban and non-urban locales. These differences may be especially salient when it comes to access to services for behavioral health needs that, if left untreated, increase the likelihood of recidivism. Reentry planning prior to release has been found to be beneficial, as well as providing direct linkages to services post-release. However, barriers or competing priorities may keep FIPs from accessing needed behavioral health services after release. To increase the probability for more successful post-release transitions, studies need to determine and understand soon-to-be-released inmates’ likelihood of utilizing these services. Thus, the purpose of this research was to examine the importance of demographic characteristics, ecological factors, and utilization of treatment services for drugs, alcohol, mental health, and anger management prior to release to FIPs’ intent to receive these services after their release. Data was collected from 173 individuals incarcerated in either a prison or a community-based correctional facility (CBCF) and analyzed via logistic regressions. Results suggest that being female and utilization of services while incarcerated predicted intent to use drug and mental health services after release; not surprisingly, crime type and type of facility was predictive of intent to utilize anger management services post release; type of facility, and interaction of housing and concentrated disadvantage was predictive of intent to take advantage of alcohol treatment services. These findings have micro, mezzo, and macro implications and are especially relevant given the limitations of resource availability and accessibility in urban and non-urban areas. Streamlining these services to FIPs’ needs and building community capacity to meet specific needs identified by FIPs is more likely to engage them and increase their likelihood to improve reentry outcomes.
Moving from Fuel to Feedstock
Authors: Morton Paul A. , Mansell Stephen M.
Published: February 2023

Carbon-hydrogen bond activations and their subsequent functionalisation have long been an important target in chemistry because C–H bonds are ubiquitous throughout nature, making C–H derivatisation reactions highly desirable. The selective and efficient functionalisation of this bond into many more useful carbon-element bonds (for example, C–B, C–Si, C–O and C–S bonds) would have many uses in pharmaceutical and bulk chemical synthesis. Activation of the C–H bond is, however, challenging due to the high strength and low bond-polarity of this bond rendering its cleavage unfavourable. With the correct choice of reagents and systems, especially those utilising directing groups, kinetically and thermodynamically favourable catalytic processes have been developed. However, a key remaining challenge is the development of undirected, intermolecular reactions using catalysts that are both selective and active enough to make useful processes. In this review, the progress towards optimising Group 9 C–H activation catalysts is discussed, particularly focusing on undirected reactions that are kinetically more difficult, starting with a brief history of C–H activation, identifying the importance of auxiliary ligands including the nature of anionic ligand (for example, cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, fluorenyl and trispyrazolylborate) and neutral ligands (such as phosphines, carbonyl, alkenes and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs)) that contribute towards the stability and reactivity of these metal complexes. The tethering of the anionic ligand to strong σ-donating ligands is also briefly discussed. The focus of this review is primarily on the Group 9 metals rhodium and iridium, however, C–H activation using Group 8 and 10 metals are compared where useful. The most recent advances in this field include the development of C–H borylation of many small hydrocarbon substrates such as arenes, heterocycles and n-alkanes as well as the more challenging substrate methane.
Implementing the U-shaped curve in Distributed Morphology and as a by-product of the third factor
Authors: Araújo-Adriano Paulo Ângelo , Beraldo Rafael
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we present a novel formal approach to overregularisation (e.g. fazi “doed”, trazi “bringed”) in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), a phenomenon widely attested in children’s production. Three previous accounts for this phenomenon are also reviewed and at least partially rejected. The first explained overregularisation on the basis of Minimize Exponence (an economy principle in Distributed Morphology) not being followed by children; the second achieved the same goal by positing constraint ranking (a main feature in Optimality Theory) that is faulty in children’s grammar when compared to adult knowledge; and the third analyses BP through the framework of Grammar Competition. Our main departures with these approaches are that the first two a) are dependent on children’s breaking of the theoretical principles just mentioned; b) no learning mechanism is ever discussed to justify this; c) although both describe a system that indeed produces overregularised forms, they fail to predict or capture the three stages of the U-shaped curve, being an explanation solely of its dipping section and not of children’s development; and that the third d) only deals with noise but not exceptions, the main point of the overregularisation process. In an attempt to remedy those perceived flaws, our approach keeps theoretical principles intact, maintaining parity with adult competence and addressing points a) and b). Furthermore, we integrate the chosen descriptive toolkit of Distributed Morphology and general cognitive biases/abilities in the form of Biberauer’s Minimise Maximise Means and Yang’s Tolerance Principle (TP) in order to explain the developmental path of BP acquisition takes throughout the U-curve, thus addressing points c) and d). Finally, we argue that our proposal is naturally compatible with the notion of grammar competition by virtue of assuming TP, which might explain why children do not categorically overregularise irregular verbs, but rather do so at a given rate.
Early Joiners and Startup Performance
Authors: Choi Joonkyu , Goldschlag Nathan , Haltiwanger John , Kim J. Daniel
Published: February 2023

We show that early joiners---non-founder employees in the first year of a startup---play a critical role in explaining firm performance. We use administrative employee-employer matched data on all US startups and utilize the premature death of workers as a natural experiment exogenously separating talent from young firms. We find that losing an early joiner has a large negative effect on firm size that persists for at least ten years. When compared to that of a founder, losing an early joiner has a smaller effect on firm death but intensive margin effects on firm size are similar in magnitude. We also find that early joiners become relatively more important with the age of the firm. In contrast, losing a later joiner yields only a small and temporary decline in firm performance. We provide evidence that is consistent with the idea that organization capital, an important driver of startup success, is embodied in early joiners.
Bank Relationships and the Geography of PPP Lending
Authors: Glancy David
Published: February 2023

I study how bank relationships affected the timing and geographic distribution of Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) lending. Half of banks' PPP loans went to borrowers within 2 miles of a branch, mostly driven by relationship lending. Firms near less active lenders shifted to fintechs and other distant lenders, resulting in delays receiving credit but only slightly lower loan volumes. I estimate a structural model to fit the observed relationship between branch distance, bank PPP activity, and origination timing. I find that banks served relationship borrowers 5 to 9 days before other borrowers, an effect in line with reduced-form estimates using a sample of PPP borrowers with previous SBA lending relationships.
Influence of NaHCO3 powder on color and roughness of the composite submitted to bleaching and Euterpe oleracea.
Authors:   Faculty of Dentistry of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation - Uniararas, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil., Balter Gabriel Aparecido , Dotta Tatiane Cristina ,   School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., Custódio William ,   Faculty of Dentistry of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation - Uniararas, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil., Benitez Alma Blasida Concepcion Elizaur ,   School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil., Bianco Vinícius Cappo ,   Faculty of Dentistry of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation - Uniararas, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil., de Godoi Ana Paula Terossi ,   Faculty of Dentistry of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation - Uniararas, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.
Published: February 2023

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the surface roughness and susceptibility to staining of bleached composite resin with 22% carbamide peroxide, as well as the effect of subsequent prophylaxis with NaHCO3 powder. Material and Methods: Forty disk-shaped (2 × 6 mm) specimens of composite resin (Z250 XT) were prepared. Half of the specimens were subjected to bleaching with 22% carbamide peroxide, and the other half were stored in artificial saliva. In sequence, all specimens were immersed in acai juice (Euterpe oleracea) for 4 h for 14 days, and subdivided into two groups. Group 1 samples were subjected to prophylaxis treatment, while group 2 samples were subjected to treatment with artificial saliva. Surface roughness (Ra) and color (ΔE*) were measured after polishing (T0), bleaching (T1), immersion in acai juice (T2), and application of NaHCO3 powder (T3) using a profilometer and a spectrophotometer. Results: Statistical analyses (analysis of variance and Tukey's test, p≤0.05) revealed that regarding color there was statistically significance for the factors in isolation, except for the factor bleaching. For both color and surface roughness there was statistically significant difference for the interaction, except for the interaction between NaHCO3 power and bleaching. Conclusion: The NaHCO3 air-powder polishing decreases the staining of the composite resin; however, it increases the surface roughness. With respect to the color variable, the whitening factor had no significant effect on the tested material; however, it increases surface roughness.
Experimental carcinogenesis with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthrazene (DMBA) and its inhibition with isothi-ocyanates
Authors:   Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Sevilla, España., Morales-Herrero María , Ortega-Medina Isicio ,   Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Sevilla, España. | Unidad de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena de Sevilla, España.
Published: February 2023

Introduction: DMBA is a chemical carcinogen that induces carcinomas within a few weeks of its application. We developed an experimental model of carcinogenesis induced by DMBA dissolved in 0,5% paraffin oil (DMBA-PO), verifying the inhibitory effect of the carcinogenicity of phenyl isothiocyanate (PhITC), phenethyl (PhnITC) and benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC). Material and Methods: For this, 88 hamsters were distributed into three groups: one exposed to DMBA-PO (Group 1, n=12), three subgroups (n=12) exposed to PhITC, PhnITC, BITC and DMBA-PO (Group 2, n=36) and four control subgroups (n=10) that were not exposed to the carcinogen in which PO (paraffin oil) and isothiocyanates were applied (Group 3, n=40). Results: The experiment had a duration of 20 weeks, at the end of which the inhibitory effect was established by comparing the lesions developed in the groups that received isothiocyanates with the group that was only treated with DMBA-PO. The carcinogenic effect of DMBA-PO is 100% (35 carcinomas) and the inhibitory effect was 0, whereas in the presence of isothiocyanates the carcinogenic effect decreases, with an inhibitory effect of 86% for BITC (5 carcinomas) and 74% for PhITC (9 carcinomas). Conclusion: The inhibitory effect for PhnITC is 80% in relation to invasive OSCC (1 carcinoma).
Effectiveness Of Chlorhexidine Oral Rinse In Preventing Plaque Accumulation And Gingivitis In Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment- A Systematic Review And Meta Analysis
Authors:   Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Save-etha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, India., Abirami Selvaraj , Navaneethan Ramasamy ,   Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Save-etha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, India., Jain Ravindra Kumar ,   Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Save-etha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, India.
Published: February 2023

Aim: The aim of this review was to systematically assess and report the effectiveness of chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash in preventing plaque accumulation and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: The review was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines and registered under PROSPERO database (CRD42020170776). Four electronic databases were systematically searched along with a complimentary manual search of orthodontic journals until June 2022. Only Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) reporting on antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of Chlorhexidine mouthwash compared with placebo or control in orthodontic patients were included. Risk of bias assessment was done using Cochrane ROB-2. Quantitative analysis (Random-Effects Model and Standard Mean Difference (SMD)) with 95 % confidence interval was used. Results: Six RCTs were included for qualitative analysis and four were included for quantitative analysis with a total of 211 participants. Out of six studies, 3 were judged to have a low risk of bias, two had some concerns and one of them had high risk of bias. Random effects meta-analysis performed for anti-plaque effect reported a significant reduction of -1.2 SMD for CHX at 4 to 6 weeks with low heterogeneity (I2-35%). The anti-gingivitis effect at 4 to 6 weeks was significant for CHX with a SMD of -1.03 and a moderate heterogeneity (I2-65%). Conclusion: On analyzing the available evidence a moderate level of certainty supports a short-term reduction in plaque accumulation and gingivitis in orthodontic patients subjected to rinsing with chlorhexidine oral rinse.
Differentiation of homoforms of singular and non-singular declinable parts of speech in Church Slavic language: towards the formulation of a general rule
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod - National Research University, Bolshakov Alexander D.
Published: February 2023

A distinctive feature of the spelling of the contemporary Russian Church Slavonic is the so-called antistih (anti-verse) principle, that is a total, in as much as possible, elimination of grammatical homonymy, with a well-known arsenal of graphic and orthographic tools used: duplicates є, ѡ, ы and ѧ, diacritical marks apostrof (ἀπόστροφος) and kamora (circumflexus). Having considered various recommendations found in educational and scientific literature, and comparing them with the data of texts, the author came to the following conclusions. First, the system of orthographic principles of the Church Slavonic language has a hierarchical organization. Second, the principle of antistih (i.e. differentiating) occupies a dominant position in this hierarchy. Third, antistih has its own internal hierarchy. Fourth, the leading role in this internal hierarchy belongs to the opposition (distinction) of numeric homoforms. Fifth, the use of specific tools is subject to strict laws. The author offers a formulation of spelling rules for dissimilarizing singular and non-singular homophormes, taking into account the system-wide relations of spelling principles, the internal hierarchy of antistich, and the hierarchy of graphic and orthographic tools. The presence of such rules, i.e. an explicitly articulated algorithm, may not only contribute to the standardization of the language but also is valuable in terms of solving concrete practical tasks: methodical (presentation of material: from the teacher to the student), mnemonic (learning of material: from the student to the system of language), normalization per se (orientation in arsenal of linguistic tools: from the originator of the text to the linguistic norm).
The masculine “I” in the poetry of Mariya Levberg
Authors:   A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zuseva-Özkan Veronika B.
Published: February 2023

The paper introduces the poetry of a forgotten author of the Silver Age - Mariya Levberg, whose poetical texts always feature the masculine “I”. The peculiarities of constructing the lyrical subject and the lyrical world in Levberg’s poetry are analyzed in relation to the problem of constructing gender in Modernist literature in general. The formation of Levberg’s “poetical transvestism” and conscious movement towards poetry and a lyrical subject, with aesthetic effect achieved due to the nuances of the play of “masks” and gender roles, is described. The lyrical subject of “Sly wanderer” evolves from a young man longing for a higher world to the hero-lover seeking to escape from this melancholy into a refined pastime, then to a knight looking for his Holy Grail and, finally, to the monk consecrated to the service of God. However, a fundamental characteristic of this book of poems and its lyrical subject is the incompleteness and non-finality of any choice and any incarnation, their dialectical transformations, and the ambivalence of any emotion. At the same time, the most frequent and pronounced among the variations of the lyrical subject’s masks is that of the knight appearing also in other poems of Levberg. The roles of the knight and the poet prove to be intrinsically linked in her texts. Levberg’s remarkable commitment to the masculine lyrical “I” and, particularly, to the mask of the knight, of the warrior stems from her attempt to obtain the creator’s agency in the frame of the masculine gender order of Modernism.
“I write with green paste”: ink color as an element of presentation and interpretation of epistolary documents (based on the material of the cycle of letters by V. M. Shukshin to M. S. Yakutina)
Authors:   Altai State Agrarian University, Maryin Dmitrij V.
Published: February 2023

This paper shows the role of ink color as one of the elements of the graphic component of the epistolary text in interpreting letters and presenting them in the process of publishing and museum exhibiting. The analysis was made of a cycle of letters by famous Russian writer V. M. Shukshin to M. S. Yakutina. It is proved that different ink colors create an entire spectrum of semantic connections and intertextual echoes, allowing the writer to express his thoughts, feelings, impressions of dreams, and memories inspired by communication with a friend of youth in a more comprehensive way. The unity of the addressee and thematic commonalities and regular references from later letters to earlier ones allows uniting them into a cycle of three letters. For each letter, Shukshin uses a different ink color: black, green, and red, with each color implying certain semantics: black - the restoration of communication; green - hope and youth; red - repentance and death. The analysis results provide a conclusion that when publishing significant epistolary texts for the first time, it is necessary to attach facsimile and indicate the color of ink and/or other graphic features in the commentary, for example, way of writing: ballpoint pen, pencil, typed/printer; the presence of drawings, the type of paper: writing or drawing paper. In addition, when photocopies rather than originals are exhibited in the museum, color photocopies should be used.
Yakut phytonyms with somacomponents: motivational features of nominations
Authors:   M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Malysheva Ninel V. , Osorova Marina A. ,   M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University
Published: February 2023

This paper considers the phytonyms with somatic components in the Yakut language. The purpose was to define the motivational features of the Yakut language nominations of the phytonyms with somatic components. The tasks were to identify phytonyms with somatic components in the Yakut language, consider how their nominations are formed, determine their motivational formation sign, and identify the nominal role of somatisms in the composition of phytonyms. Scientific novelty of the research is investigating how the nominations with somatic components are formed. Such a work has never been undertaken in Yakut linguistics. In the course of the study, 60 somatisms in 27 phytonyms reflecting different kinds of stable associative links in the language were collected and analyzed. Phytonyms were divided into several groups according to the soma components identified: emij ‘udder’, tiŋilekh ‘heel’, tyŋyrakh ‘claw’, atakh ‘paw’, tyl ‘tongue’, tumsu ‘neb’, muos ‘horn’, bas and tobo ‘head’, kuturuk ‘tail’, battakh ‘hair’, and others. The study has revealed that the most common are phytonyms with somatic words: kuturuk ‘tail’, tyl ‘tongue’, and tobo ‘head’. The analysis has found the most frequent somatisms to be two-component ones, with four-component ones being less common.