bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subclinical Partial Attritional Rupture of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus as an Etiology of Atraumatic Trigger Finger
Authors: Bastian D. Anthony , Kusnezov Nicholas , Dunn John C. , Mitchell Justin S. , Pirela-Cruz Miguel
Published: July 2017

Background. Trigger finger is a relatively common clinical entity. The etiology is most often attributable to stenosing tenosynovitis though traumatic cases have been described. When trigger finger is associated with an underlying flexor tendon rupture, previous cases have reported a clear association with overt laceration or previous trauma. Methods. We present the case of a 23-year-old male active duty military service member who presented with a characteristic history and clinical exam consistent with trigger finger. The symptomatic onset was gradual, with no history of inciting trauma. Results. Given symptomatic persistent triggering following failure of conservative management to include cortisone injections, the patient was taken for open A1 pulley release. Intraoperatively, the triggering was found to be attributable to a partial attritional rupture of the small finger flexor digitorum profundus tendon. Tendon debridement, tubularization, and A1 and partial A2 pulley releases were performed with subsequent resolution of triggering. Conclusion. We present the rare case of subclinical atraumatic attritional rupture of the FDP tendon to the small finger as a cause of clinically apparent trigger finger. This is an important consideration as the hand surgeon must be prepared to address more atypical pathologies.
Age at Menarche and Late Adolescent Adiposity Associated with Mammographic Density on Processed Digital Mammograms in 24,840 Women
Authors: Alexeeff Stacey E. , Odo Nnaemeka U. , Lipson Jafi A. , Achacoso Ninah , Rothstein Joseph H. , Yaffe Martin J. , Liang Rhea Y. , Acton Luana , McGuire Valerie , Whittemore Alice S. , Rubin Daniel L. , Sieh Weiva , Habel Laurel A.
Published: July 2017

Background: High mammographic density is strongly associated with increased breast cancer risk. Some, but not all, risk factors for breast cancer are also associated with higher mammographic density.

Methods: The study cohort (N = 24,840) was drawn from the Research Program in Genes, Environment and Health of Kaiser Permanente Northern California and included non-Hispanic white females ages 40 to 74 years with a full-field digital mammogram (FFDM). Percent density (PD) and dense area (DA) were measured by a radiological technologist using Cumulus. The association of age at menarche and late adolescent body mass index (BMI) with PD and DA were modeled using linear regression adjusted for confounders.

Results: Age at menarche and late adolescent BMI were negatively correlated. Age at menarche was positively associated with PD (P value for trend <0.0001) and DA (P value for trend <0.0001) in fully adjusted models. Compared with the reference category of ages 12 to 13 years at menarche, menarche at age >16 years was associated with an increase in PD of 1.47% (95% CI, 0.69–2.25) and an increase in DA of 1.59 cm2 (95% CI, 0.48–2.70). Late adolescent BMI was inversely associated with PD (P < 0.0001) and DA (P < 0.0001) in fully adjusted models.

Conclusions: Age at menarche and late adolescent BMI are both associated with Cumulus measures of mammographic density on processed FFDM images.

Impact: Age at menarche and late adolescent BMI may act through different pathways. The long-term effects of age at menarche on cancer risk may be mediated through factors besides mammographic density. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(9); 1450–8. ©2017 AACR.
MiR-125b Increases Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Radioresistance by Targeting A20/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Li-Na , Xiao Ta , Yi Hong-Mei , Zheng Zhen , Qu Jia-Quan , Huang Wei , Ye Xu , Yi Hong , Lu Shan-Shan , Li Xin-Hui , Xiao Zhi-Qiang
Published: July 2017

Radioresistance poses a major challenge in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment, but little is known about how miRNA regulates this phenomenon. In this study, we investigated the function and mechanism of miR-125b in NPC radioresistance, one of upregulated miRNAs in the radioresistant NPC cells identified by our previous microarray analysis. We observed that miR-125b was frequently upregulated in the radioresistant NPCs, and its increment was significantly correlated with NPC radioresistance, and was an independent predictor for poor patient survival. In vitro radioresponse assays showed that miR-125b inhibitor decreased, whereas miR-125b mimic increased NPC cell radioresistance. In a mouse model, therapeutic administration of miR-125b antagomir dramatically sensitized NPC xenografts to irradiation. Mechanistically, we confirmed that A20 was a direct target of miR-125b and found that miR-125b regulated NPC cell radioresponse by targeting A20/NF-κB signaling. With a combination of loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches, we further showed that A20 overexpression decreased while A20 knockdown increased NPC cell radioresistance both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, A20 was significantly downregulated while p-p65 (RelA) significantly upregulated in the radioresistant NPCs relative to radiosensitive NPCs, and miR-125b expression level was negatively associated with A20 expression level, whereas positively associated with p-p65 (RelA) level. Our data demonstrate that miR-125b and A20 are critical regulators of NPC radioresponse, and high miR-125b expression enhances NPC radioresistance through targeting A20 and then activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, highlighting the therapeutic potential of the miR-125b/A20/NF-κB axis in clinical NPC radiosensitization. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2094–106. ©2017 AACR.
The Impact of Oxidative Stress Factors on the Viability, Senescence, and Methylation Status of Olfactory Bulb-Derived Glial Cells Isolated from Human Cadaver Donors
Authors: Marycz Krzysztof , Kornicka Katarzyna , Grzesiak Jakub , Tomaszewski Krzysztof A. , Szarek Dariusz , Kopacz Paweł
Published: July 2017

The olfactory bulb (OB) is a unique structure in the central nervous system that retains the ability to create new neuronal connections. Glial cells isolated from the OB have been recently considered as a novel and promising tool to establish an effective therapy for central nervous system injuries. Due to the hindered access to autologous tissue for cell isolation, an allogeneic source of tissues obtained postmortem has been proposed. In this study, we focused on the morphological and molecular characteristics of human OB-derived glial cells isolated postmortem, at different time points after a donor's death. We evaluated the proliferative activity of the isolated cells, and investigated the ultrastructure of the mitochondria, the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and the activity of superoxide dismutase. The data obtained clearly indicate that the duration of ischemia is crucial for the viability/senescence rate of OB-derived glial cells. The OB can be isolated during autopsy and still stand as a source of viable glial cells, but ischemia duration is a major factor limiting its potential usefulness in therapies.
High-Dose Rituximab Ineffective for Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Long-Term Observation Study
Authors: Roccatello Dario , Sciascia Savino , Rossi Daniela , Alpa Mirella , Naretto Carla , Radin Massimo , Barreca Antonella , Fenoglio Roberta , Baldovino Simone , Menegatti Elisa
Published: July 2017

Background: A beneficial effect of rituximab (RTX) on focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in pediatric patients or in transplant recipients has been reported in isolated cases. However, the use of RTX in adult patients with idiopathic FSGS needs further investigation. Methods: Eight patients who had biopsy-proven FSGS (63.9 ± 14.0, range 40-81 years, 4 women, 4 men) with major risk factors precluding corticosteroids or conventional immunosuppression were treated with a high dose of RTX (8 weekly doses of 375 mg/m2) and prospectively followed up for at least 2 years (29.1 ± 8.8 months, range 24-42 months). Results: RTX failed to improve proteinuria in 7 out of 8 patients, who had persistent nephrotic proteinuria. In one case, a rapidly deteriorating renal function was also observed. Only one patient showed an improvement in renal function and a remarkable reduction in proteinuria. There were no differences in clinical or laboratory characteristics or in the CD20 B lymphocyte count after RTX between the responder and the 7 nonresponder patients. Conclusions: Only a minority (1 of 8) in our series of adult patients with FSGS showed positive effects of high doses of RTX. Future studies are warranted to investigate more promising therapeutic options in the management of FSGS.
Genome-Wide Association Study of MKI67 Expression and its Clinical Implications in HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Southern China
Authors: Yang Cheng-kun , Yu Ting-dong , Han Chuang-ye , Qin Wei , Liao Xi-wen , Yu Long , Liu Xiao-guang , Zhu Guang-zhi , Su Hao , Lu Si-cong , Chen Zhi-wei , Liu Zhen , Huang Ke-tuan , Liu Zheng-tao , Liang Yu , Huang Jian-lu , Mo Zeng-nan , Qin Xue , Li Lequn , Xiao Kai-yin , Peng Min-hao , Winkle Cheryl Ann , O'Brien Stephen J. , Peng Tao
Published: July 2017

Background/Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with a high rate of recurrence. Immunohistochemical analysis of the marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKI67) is used to assess proliferation activity of HCC The regulation of MKI67 expression remains unclear in HCC This study aims to explore the association between MKI67 expression and gene variants. Methods: A total of 195 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC patients were genotyped using Illumina HumanExome BeadChip-12-1_A (242,901 markers). An independent cohort (97 subjects) validated the association of polymorphism determinants and candidate genes with MKI67 expression. The relationships between MKI67 with p53 and variants of candidate genes in the clinical outcomes of HCC patients were analyzed. Results: We found that MKI67 combined with p53 was associated with a 3-year recurrence-free survival and five variants near TTN and CCDC8 were associated with MKI67 expression. TTN harboring rs2288563-TT and rs2562832-AA+CA indicated a favorable outcome for HCC patients. Conclusion: Variants near TTN and CCDC8 were associated with MKI67 expression, and rs2288563 and rs2562832 in TTN are potential biomarkers for the prediction of clinical outcomes in HBV-related HCC patients.
Immunosuppressive Treatment in C3 Glomerulopathy: Is it Really Effective?
Authors: Caliskan Yasar , Torun Ege Sinan , Tiryaki Tarik Onur , Oruc Aysegul , Ozluk Yasemin , Akgul Sebahat Usta , Temurhan Sonay , Oztop Nida , Kilicaslan Isin , Sever Mehmet Sukru
Published: July 2017

Background: C3 glomerulopathy (C3GP) is a recently identified and described disease that has a high risk of progressing into end-stage renal disease. We aimed to evaluate the effects of various immunosuppressive regimens on C3GP progression because there are conflicting data on the treatment modalities. Methods: In this retrospective study of 66 patients with C3GP, 27 patients received mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)-based treatment, 23 received non-MMF-based treatment (prednisolone or cyclophosphamide), and 16 received conservative care. The study groups were compared with each other with specific focus on primary outcomes defined as (1) kidney failure and (2) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline ≥50% from the baseline value. Results: Overall, 17 (25.8%) patients reached the primary outcome after a median period of 28 months. The number of patients who reached the primary outcome were similar among the study groups (MMF-based: 8/27 [29.6%], non-MMF-based: 4/23 [17.4%], and conservative care: 5/16 [31.3%], p = 0.520). In the Cox regression analysis, age (HR 0.912, p = 0.006), eGFR (HR 0.945, p = 0.001), and proteinuria levels (HR 1.418, p = 0.015) at the time of biopsy, percentage of crescentic (HR 1.035, p = 0.001) and sclerotic glomeruli (HR 1.041, p = 0.006), severity of interstitial fibrosis (HR 1.981, p = 0.048), as well as no remission of proteinuria (HR 2.418, p = 0.002) predicted the primary outcome. Conclusion: Although patients receiving immunosuppressive treatments had higher proteinuria and lower serum albumin at baseline, there were no differences between these patients and those receiving conservative care alone in proteinuria remission or in the decline of renal function. Younger age, higher proteinuria, lower eGFR, and the presence of crescentic and sclerotic glomeruli, severity of interstitial fibrosis, and no remission of proteinuria predicted the progression of kidney disease.
INFLUENCE OF LACTOBACILLUS SPP. ON COLONIZATION AND ANTI-INFECTIOUS RESISTANCE OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
Authors: Kalinichenko S. V. , Korotkykh O. O. , Pokhil S. I. , Bakumenko M. G.
Published: July 2017

Background. Lactobacilli are very important for the formation of colonization resistance and have pronounced antagonistic effect against a wide range of microorganisms. That is why the lactobacilli have extensive use as a component of classic probiotic agents that are widely used to prevent and treat dysbiotic conditions of digestive and genital systems of people.Objective. The aim of the research was to study the effect of lactobacilli on anti-infectious resistance of mucous membranes of upper respiratory tract.Methods. The colonization degree (lg CFU / g) of nasal mucosal membranes by Lactobacillus spp. and S. aureus was determined in all carriers before the experiment. Also, the level of lysozyme and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in nasal secretions cavities was identified.Results. It was established a clear dysfunction of anti-infectious resistance in carriers of Staphylococcus aureus - a decrease of colonization resistance and local immunity of mucous membranes of upper respiratory tract. As for the anti-infectious resistance of nasal mucosal of S. aureus carriers, the level of lysozyme and secretory immunoglobulin A gradually increased after the application of probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GG, and in 21 days it reached rates of healthy individuals.Conclusions. It was found out that probiotics for nasal passages sanitation in Staphylococcus aureus carriers lead to gradual eradication of the pathogen (S. aureus) with restoration of colonization and anti-infectious resistance, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.
RESEARCH IN SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBIOTICS, ANTISEPTICS IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA STRAINS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Nazarchuk O. A. , Paliy D. V. , Osadchuk N. I.
Published: July 2017

Background. Infections caused by Pseudomonas are one of the topical issues of medicine.Objective. The aim of the research was to study sensityvity to antibiotics, antiseptics of P. aeruginosa clinical strains that cause infectious complications in patients with burns.Methods. Microbiological study of biological material, received from 435 patients with burns of the 3rd-4th stages (2011-2015 years). In early terms of burn disease 127 clinical strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from patients. Standard methods were used to identify clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa by their morphological, tinctirial, culture and biochemical properties. The research of antimicrobial action of antiseptics, antibiotics against Pseudomonas were carried out by means of standard methods according to the Directive of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (No. 167 from 05.04.2007 р.) and guidelines of National Committee of Clinical and Laboratory Study (NCCLS, 2002).Results. It was established that P. aeruginosa caused infectious complications in 23.9% of patients among other pathogens. Clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were found to be low sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanate (30.76%), ceftazidime (25.92%), cefoperazonum/sulbactam (46.15%), aztreonam (51.85%), tobramycin (38.46%), amicacin (70.34%), doxiciclini (26.92%), fluoroquinolones (59.26%). The analitical progistic criteria of decrease of sensitivity to ceftazidime, cefepim, meropenem and gatifloxacin were found in P. aeruginosa. This pathogen was determined to be sensitive to decasan ®, antimicrobial composition of decamethoxine ®, iodine pvidone.Conclusions. Clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, being highly resistant to antibiotics, are also very sensitive to antiseptics decasan ®, antimicrobial of decamethoxine®, povidone iodine.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF EMIGRANTS AND RE-EMIGRANTS WITH DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
Authors: Venger O. P. , Mysula Yu. I.
Published: July 2017

Background. Social and clinical relevance of emigration and re-emigration is determined by a significant amount of Ukrainians that emigrate and re-emigrate. Clinical features of depressive disorders have not been studied; as well as risk factors and antiriscs of various forms of depression have not been established yet. Development of comprehensive approaches to the treatment and rehabilitation of these patients is an effective way of resolving of this problem and is of significant scientific, practical, medical and social importance.Objective. The development of measures for treatment of depressive disorders in emigrants and re-emigrants is based on investigation and analysis of clinical-psychopathological phenomenology of depression.Methods. We examined 196 emigrants, 191 re-emigrants and 198 not emigrants with final clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder according to ICD-10 criteria. Examination was conducted by means of depression rate according to M. Hamilton, the Montgomery-Asberg and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and the scale of life quality by WHO QOL-26. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using nonparametric methods: Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon criterion of signs.Results. It was found that the maximum content of organic acids is accumulated in grass Hyssopus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), and the minimal is in the leaves of Chrysánthemum xhortorum L. variety Apro (Asteraceae). The dominance of aliphatic acids was determined by means of gas chromatography. Benzoic is predominant among aromatic acids.Conclusions. The suggested therapy schemes proved higher effectiveness compared with the traditional one, and also allowed to improve the life quality of emigrants and re-emigrants.
THE EFFECTIVNESS OF CHRONIC GINGIVITES TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH NON-REMOVABLE ORTHODONTIC APPARATUS ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES INDEX ASSESSMENT
Authors: Kostenko Ye. Ya. , Melnyk V. S. , Horzov L. F.
Published: July 2017

Background. The risk of chronic gingivitis is increased in patients who undergo orthodontic treatment. It is known that the gingivitis is closely correlated with the level of hygiene.Objective. The study involved 123 orthodontic patients with chronic catarrhal and hypertrophic gingivitis that developed during the first two months of active orthodontic treatment. We chose VITIS ORTНODONTIС (DENTAID INTERNATIONAL, Spain) that contains active ingredients we need to support healthy state of oral cavity. All studied patients were 12-15 years old.Methods. For dental examination we used health indices OHI-S according to Greene-Vermillion (1964). Gums bleeding was determined according to a modified SBI index by Muhlemann (1971), inflammation of the gingival margin was assessed by PMA index Parma (1960).Results. Therapeutic treatment consisted of the following: all patients underwent correction of oral hygiene, removal of dental plaque. Vitis ORTHODONTIC was prescribed due to the manufacturer's recommendations: rinse 15 ml for 30 seconds after normal procedures of oral hygiene. Eating or drinking is not recommended during the next 30 minutes after using this product. The results proved a high anti-inflammatory efficacy of the treatment schemes.Conclusions. The complex therapy of early manifestations of inflammation in periodontal had a positive effect on the subjective feelings of patients and health performance rate, gum inflammation and bleeding.
OPERATIONS THROUGHPUT AS A DETERMINANT OF GOLDEN-HOUR IN MASS-GATHERING MEDICINE
Authors: Khan Inam Danish , Asima Buhra , Khan Shahbaz Ali
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDGolden-hour, a time-tested concept for trauma-care, involves a systems approach encompassing healthcare, logistics, geographical, environmental and temporal variables. Golden-hour paradigm in mass-gathering-medicine such as the Hajj-pilgrimage entwines along healthcare availability, accessibility, efficiency and interoperability; expanding from the patient-centric to public-health centric approach. The realm of mass-gathering-medicine invokes an opportunity for incorporating operations-throughput as a determinant of golden-hour for overall capacity-building and interoperability.METHODSGolden-hour was evaluated during the Indian-Medical-Mission operations for Hajj-2016; which established, operated and coordinated a strategic network of round-the-clock medical operations. Throughput was evaluated as deliverables/time, against established Standard-Operating-Procedures for various clinical, investigation, drug-dispensing and patient-transfer algorithms. Patient encounter-time, waiting-time, turnaround-time were assessed throughout echeloned healthcare under a patient-centric healthcare-delivery model. Dynamic evaluation was carried out to cater for variation and heterogeneity.RESULTSMassive surge of 3,94,013 patients comprising 2,25,103 males (57.1%) and 1,68,910 females (42.9%) overwhelmed the throughput capacities of outpatient attendance, pharmacy, laboratory, imaging, ambulance, referrals and documentation. There was delay in attendance, suspicion, diagnosis and isolation of patients with communicable infections. The situational-analysis of operations-throughput highlights wasted turnaround-time due to mobilization of medical-team, diverting critical healthcare resources away from emergency situations.CONCLUSIONTime being a crucial factor in the complexity of medical-care, operations-throughput remains an important determinant towards interoperability of bottlenecks, thereby being a determinant of golden-hour in mass-gathering-medicine. Early transportation of patient to definitive-care reduces treatment initiation-time, notwithstanding logistics of communication, evacuation, terrain and weather being deterministic in outcome. Golden-hour needs to be emphasized under a population-based approach targeting the clientele towards administering first-aid and reaching out to hospital within the golden-hour.
THE EFFECT OF L- ARGININE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MICROALBUMINURIA IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Martynyuk L. P. , Vons L. Z. , Ruzhytska O. O.
Published: July 2017

Background. One of the severest complications of diabetes is diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Microalbuminuria (MAU) is one of the first signals of DKD and an important pathogenetic mechanism of disease progression. With diabetes dramatically antioxidant properties worsen.Objective. The aim was to investigate the effect of L-arginine on oxidative stress parameters and microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease patients.Methods. Total of 57 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease and 30 healthy subjects (control group) were included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 congruent groups. The 1-st group of patients (n=33), in addition to standard therapy, received L-arginine 4.2 g intravenously for 5 days, after that they took it 1,0 g orally three times a day during meals for 1 month. The second group of patients (n=24) received a standard therapy.The concentration of lipid peroxidation products was measured by a spectrophotometric method. The determination of MAU was carried out in morning portion of urine immunological semiquantitative using test strips.Results. Significant improvement in indexes of lipid peroxidation was observed in both groups after therapy (p˂0.01), but in patients treated with L-arginine it was more expressed (p˂0,01). The standard therapy did not significantly affect the level of MAU (p˃0,05). The patients treated with L-Arginine, showed a significant reduction in MAU (p˂0.01).Conclusions. The usage of L-arginine facilitates the correction of lipid peroxidation processes and reduces the severity of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetic kidney disease that slowing its progression.
Autismo: um modo de apresentação do sujeito na estrutura de linguagem
Authors: Azevedo Marcela Maria de Paiva , Nicolau Roseane Freitas
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo visa fazer uma revisão bibliográfica de autores que estudam o autismo numa perspectiva lacaniana, dando ênfase à noção do inconsciente estruturado como linguagem, bem como a aspectos fundamentais para pensar a constituição do sujeito e uma possível falha neste processo, que ocorreria em crianças autistas, como: a inscrição significante, a relação sujeito-Outro e os registros pulsonais, apontando como primazia o circuito da pulsão invocante.
A clínica infantil e o processo criativo: considerações estéticas sobre a brincadeira do fort-da
Authors: Cardoso Isabela Vieira de Almeida , Vorcaro Angela Maria Resende
Published: July 2017

Este artigo tem a intenção de elaborar a práxis psicanalítica com crianças submetidas a experiências de forte impressão devido à condição precária de simbolização, a partir de uma interlocução entre psicanálise e arte. Para compreender melhor a importância desse diálogo, foi utilizado o filme O menino e o mundo, de forma a relacionar tal objeto de arte com o conceito central do trabalho, a saber, a repetição e sua relação com a constituição psíquica atravessada pela cultura. Abordaremos possibilidades de atualização e tratamento da cena traumática pelo sujeito através da performance.
A demanda clínica da criança: uma psicanálise possível
Authors: Leitão Iagor Brum , Cacciari Marcella Bastos
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho versa sobre algumas questões consideradas relevantes para a psicanálise com crianças, como o conceito de repetição (Wiederholen) e o brincar, à luz de um estudo de caso clínico, fruto de uma primeira experiência de atendimento psicológico em uma clínica-escola de um curso de Psicologia, por meio da abordagem da psicanálise. Através deste caso, objetiva-se demonstrar que é possível abrir espaço para a escuta da demanda clínica do pequeno sujeito que vem para atendimento, em resposta à alienação de quem lhe traz para análise, e que é possível, portanto, preservar a condição subjetiva da criança em atendimento. O caso abre espaço para somar às condições de análise da criança, sustentando que é no repetir que emerge o novo. Neste trabalho, usaram-se nomes fictícios, de forma a preservar as identidades dos participantes.
O pequeno semelhante em questão: o que bebês e crianças pequenas podem fazer pelos seus pares semelhantes na constituição psíquica e no desenvolvimento.
Authors: Kazahaya Daniel
Published: July 2017

Investigam-se as interações entre bebês e crianças pequenas apontando as possibilidades de participação na constituição psíquica e no desenvolvimento. Esses sujeitos foram denominados “pequenos semelhantes” e definidos em termos constitucionais. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica da teoria psicanalítica embasada em três principais autores: Freud, Lacan e Winnicott. Esta revisão foi confrontada com dados de observação da psicologia do desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que os pequenos semelhantes interagem e formam organizações pré-grupais e grupais marcadas pela identificação, agressividade e cooperação, além de ter participação única e diferencial na constituição psíquica e no desenvolvimento, melhor definida como a gênese dos sentimentos sociais.
Impact of Forward Stroke Volume Response on Clinical and Structural Outcomes After Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair With MitraClip
Authors: Kubo Shunsuke , Nakamura Mamoo , Shiota Takahiro , Itabashi Yuji , Mizutani Yukiko , Nakajima Yoshifumi , Meemook Krissada , Hussaini Asma , Makar Moody , Siegel Robert J. , Kar Saibal
Published: July 2017

Background—

An increase of systolic forward flow was frequently observed after successful MitraClip implantation in patients with significant mitral regurgitation. However, the impact of systolic forward flow improvement on post–MitraClip outcomes remains unknown.

Methods and Results—

Study population included 160 patients who underwent successful MitraClip implantation. The systolic forward flow was noninvasively calculated as the forward stroke volume (FSV) at baseline before the MitraClip procedure and before discharge with pulse-wave Doppler using transthoracic echocardiography. The optimal threshold of discharge/baseline FSV ratio for 3-year all-cause death was assessed. The best cutoff ratio was 1.09 (9% FSV increase from baseline,
P
=0.006). The FSV responders were defined as those with >9% increase of FSV from baseline (n=93). From discharge to 12-month follow-up, a significant reduction of LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes was observed in the responders, whereas no significant change was observed in the nonresponders. Furthermore, the proportion of New York Heart Association functional class III/IV was significantly lower in the responders at 12 months (2.9% versus 14.6%;
P
=0.03). Among patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly improved at 12 months only in the responders. All-cause mortality at 3 years was significantly lower in the responders than in the nonresponders (17.6% versus 42.3%;
P
=0.002). Multivariable logistic analysis identified higher baseline FSV, less mitral regurgitation severity, and functional mitral regurgitation as independent predictors of the nonresponders.

Conclusions—

FSV increase after MitraClip implantation was associated with more favorable clinical and anatomic outcomes. Severity and pathogenesis of mitral regurgitation and pre-MitraClip FSV predicted postprocedural FSV response.
A Novel Regulatory Mechanism of Smooth Muscle α-Actin Expression by NRG-1/circACTA2/miR-548f-5p Axis
Authors: Sun Yan , Yang Zhan , Zheng Bin , Zhang Xin-hua , Zhang Man-li , Zhao Xue-shan , Zhao Hong-ye , Suzuki Toru , Wen Jin-kun
Published: July 2017

Rationale:

Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) includes an extracellular epidermal growth factor–like domain and an intracellular domain (NRG-1-ICD). In response to transforming growth factor-β1, its cleavage by proteolytic enzymes releases a bioactive fragment, which suppresses the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by activating ErbB (erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog) receptor. However, NRG-1-ICD function in VSMCs remains unknown.

Objective:

Here, we characterize the function of NRG-1-ICD and underlying mechanisms in VSMCs.

Methods and Results:

Immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that NRG-1 was expressed in rat, mouse, and human VSMCs and was upregulated and cleaved in response to transforming growth factor-β1. In the cytoplasm of HASMCs (human aortic smooth muscle cells), the NRG-1-ICD participated in filamentous actin formation by interacting with α-SMA (smooth muscle α-actin). In the nucleus, the Nrg-1-ICD induced circular ACTA2 (alpha-actin-2; circACTA2) formation by recruitment of the zinc-finger transcription factor IKZF1 (IKAROS family zinc finger 1) to the first intron of α-SMA gene. We further confirmed that circACTA2, acting as a sponge binding microRNA (miR)-548f-5p, interacted with miR-548f-5p targeting 3′ untranslated region of α-SMA mRNA, which in turn relieves miR-548f-5p repression of the α-SMA expression and thus upregulates α-SMA expression, thereby facilitating stress fiber formation and cell contraction in HASMCs. Accordingly, in vivo studies demonstrated that the localization of the interaction of circACTA2 with miR-548f-5p is significantly decreased in human intimal hyperplastic arteries compared with normal arteries, implicating that dysregulation of circACTA2 and miR-548f-5p expression is involved in intimal hyperplasia.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that circACTA2 mediates NRG-1-ICD regulation of α-SMA expression in HASMCs via the NRG-1-ICD/circACTA2/miR-548f-5p axis. Our data provide a molecular basis for fine-tuning α-SMA expression and VSMC contraction by transcription factor, circular RNA, and microRNA.
Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 Controls Necrotic Core Formation in Atherosclerotic Lesions by Impairing Efferocytosis
Authors: Seneviratne Anusha N. , Edsfeldt Andreas , Cole Jennifer E. , Kassiteridi Christina , Swart Maarten , Park Inhye , Green Patricia , Khoyratty Tariq , Saliba David , Goddard Michael E. , Sansom Stephen N. , Goncalves Isabel , Krams Rob , Udalova Irina A. , Monaco Claudia
Published: July 2017

Background:

Myeloid cells are central to atherosclerotic lesion development and vulnerable plaque formation. Impaired ability of arterial phagocytes to uptake apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) promotes lesion growth and establishment of a necrotic core. The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-5 is an important modulator of myeloid function and programming. We sought to investigate whether IRF5 affects the formation and phenotype of atherosclerotic lesions.

Methods:

We investigated the role of IRF5 in atherosclerosis in 2 complementary models. First, atherosclerotic lesion development in hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE
-/-
) mice and ApoE
-/-
mice with a genetic deletion of IRF5 (ApoE
-/-
Irf5
-/-
) was compared and then lesion development was assessed in a model of shear stress-modulated vulnerable plaque formation.

Results:

Both lesion and necrotic core size were significantly reduced in ApoE
-/-
Irf5
-/-
mice compared with IRF5-competent ApoE
-/-
mice. Necrotic core size was also reduced in the model of shear stress-modulated vulnerable plaque formation. A significant loss of CD11c
+
macrophages was evident in ApoE
-/-
Irf5
-/-
mice in the aorta, draining lymph nodes, and bone marrow cell cultures, indicating that IRF5 maintains CD11c
+
macrophages in atherosclerosis. Moreover, we revealed that the CD11c gene is a direct target of IRF5 in macrophages. In the absence of IRF5, CD11c
-
macrophages displayed a significant increase in expression of the efferocytosis-regulating integrin-β3 and its ligand milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 protein and enhanced efferocytosis in vitro and in situ.

Conclusions:

IRF5 is detrimental in atherosclerosis by promoting the maintenance of proinflammatory CD11c
+
macrophages within lesions and controlling the expansion of the necrotic core by impairing efferocytosis.
Calls distinguish species of Antbirds (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) in the genus Pyriglena
Authors: ISLER MORTON L. , MALDONADO-COELHO MARCOS
Published: July 2017

Populations in the genus Pyriglena Cabanis, 1847, commonly known as fire-eyes, are patchily distributed in central South America from the Pacific slope of the Andes to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Pyriglena populations are currently placed into 12 taxa, only five of which are not isolated from their neighbors by distance, a high mountain range, or a major river. In the Thamnophilidae, taxonomic decisions regarding such allopatric populations have primarily rested on differences in vocalizations, thought not to be learned and to play a key role in the speciation process. When we examined Pyriglena vocalizations in this context, the outcomes revealed substantial diversity in their calls, rather than their songs. They commonly delivered four different types of calls, unusual although not unprecedented in thamnophilids. Diversity in calls rather than songs underscores the need to consider all vocalizations in taxonomic studies. The outcomes support the continued recognition of the White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot) and Fringe-backed Fire-eye Pyriglena atra (Swainson) as distinct species, and indicate that, in addition, the currently constituted Pyriglena leuconota should be considered three species: the Western Fire-eye Pyriglena maura (Ménétries); the Tapajos Fire-eye Pyriglena similis Zimmer; and the East Amazonian Fire-eye Pyriglena leuconota (von Spix). We also identify taxonomic uncertainties regarding subspecies that require acquisition of additional data and further analysis.
Three new species of Onychiuridae Lubbock, 1871(Collembola, Poduromorpha) from Iran
Authors: KAPRUS IGOR , SHAYANMEHR MASOUMEH , LAFOORAKI ELHAM YOOSEFI
Published: July 2017

Iranian Onychiuridae found so far in various provinces by different researchers have been reviewed. At present, sixteen species belonging to the family Onychiuridae are recorded from Iran, six of which need confirmation. Three new species from different tribes of the family, namely Heteraphorura iranica sp. nov., (Hymenaphorurini), Protaphorura golestanica sp. nov. (Protaphorurini) and Spinonychiurus persicus sp. nov. (Thalassaphorurini), are described and illustrated. H. iranica sp. nov. belongs to the oriental species-group of the genus characterized by granulated vesicles in PAO, P. golestanica sp. nov.––to the group of Protaphorura species without pso on subcoxa 1 of all legs and with 2+2 pso ventrally on the head, S. persicus sp. nov.––to the group of Spinonychiurus species with 11 chaetae in distal whorl of tibiotarsi. A key of the Palearctic species of Heteraphorura is provided.
Listening to What the Streets Say
Authors: Cintron Ralph
Published: July 2017

Based on 10 years of ethnographic fieldwork in Latino/a communities in northern Illinois, this article discusses violence and vengeance among mostly youths and gang members. Four points are made. First, violence and vengeance are attempts to establish order over escalating disorder. Vengeance often relies on a conviction regarding some higher moral order. Second, vengeance can operate as a kind of counter ideology when the values and beliefs of a legally based society seem hypocritical or unreliable. Third, when we consider vengeance as a kind of ideology, we acknowledge the power of language to create a sense of what is real. Moreover, we acknowledge that ideological language always hides something from view. In short, vengeance hides pain, fear, and other vulnerabilities that lie at the root of violence. Fourth, in acknowledging these roots, the possibility of another ideology begins to take shape, that is, trust.
School Violence
Authors: Thompkins Douglas E.
Published: July 2017

Recent media coverage of isolated acts of violence committed by students on school property has increased concern about school violence. Reports documenting higher levels of school violence in the face of a general decline in crime rates, together with several high-profile cases, have resulted in a reactive preventive security response. Congress has passed several initiatives aimed at reducing levels of school violence. Gangs and gang activity within our nation's schools are often linked to increased levels of school violence, but little explanation has been offered for this increase. Greater security measures have been taken by school administrations in response to the problem, and, while these may reduce levels of school violence in some communities, they can also help to perpetuate a culture of fear that has been created by intense media coverage of such violence. The presence of security officers, metal detectors, and security cameras may deter some students from committing acts of violence, but this presence also serves to heighten fear among students and teachers, while increasing the power of some gangs and the perceived need some students have for joining gangs.
Poverty, Inequality, and Youth Violence
Authors: Kramer Ronald C.
Published: July 2017

Recent school shooting incidents have served to highlight the social problem of lethal violence by young people in the United States. While many factors need to be considered, this article argues that broader social and economic forces such as poverty, inequality, and social exclusion shape most of the problem of youth violence in America. These structural factors tend to foster violence indirectly through their impact on the close-in institutions of the family, school, and community. Using the organizing concepts of social support and informal social controls, the article examines theory and research on the connections between economic inequality and social exclusion, the close-in institutions of family and community, and violent youth crime. It is argued that structural forces reduce the ability of families and communities to provide the social support and informal social control needed to prevent youth violence. Policy implications are briefly discussed.
Reconciliations: Prevention of and Recovery from School Violence
Authors: Nicholson Jane
Published: July 2017

After some three decades in education as student, teacher, or administrator, the author was widowed when a distressed graduate student murdered her husband in his university office. The author's self-designed recovery process included training in the principles of nonviolence and conflict resolution. In this essay, it is suggested that these principles and methods offer crucial curricular material for both analytical study and violence prevention in schools. These same principles also offer a balanced way to live. With respect to balanced living and the twin dilemmas of school violence and recovery, the author suggests that rational and emotional mental processes, private and public selves, individual and community goals, and microcommunity and macrocommunity structures be rethought. In addition to the principles of nonviolence, the author relies on a race relations scholar for notions of community and several feminist thinkers for analyses of ethics.
The Role of African American Males in Politics and Government
Authors: Snipe Tracy D.
Published: July 2017

This article examines the contributions of African American males to government and politics during the latter half of the twentieth century. More specifically, it chronicles the careers of Kweisi Mfume, Colin Powell, J. C. Watts, Jr., Ralph Bunche, Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., Andrew Young, Jr., and Edward Brooke. The purpose of this critical analysis is threefold: (1) to present a historical overview of prominent African American males in the executive, judicial, and legislative branches of government as well as state and local government; (2) to discuss crucial variables that determined the selection of individuals to be examined in this case study, upon which the author's typology is based, and to reflect critically upon the unique contributions of the seven aforementioned individuals to national and international affairs; and (3) to explore some future implications for black males in the totality of the current American political spectrum. This study takes on considerable magnitude given the fact that it delineates the closing of the twentieth century and the entrance into the new millennium.
African American Men in the American West, 1528-1990
Authors: Taylor Quintard
Published: July 2017

The first black men to enter the West were Spanish- speaking settlers from central Mexico. They were followed by free English-speaking fur traders and by slaves primarily in Texas. Some males arrived in California during the 1850s, initiating a voluntary migration of farmers, miners, soldiers, and cowboys through the nineteenth century. In the early twentieth century, black men settled mainly in the cities and worked in unskilled nonunion occupations. By World War II, far more migrants had arrived in response to wartime work opportunities. War work allowed both newcomers and old residents access to skilled unionized employment for the first time. Discrimination continued, however, prompting a civil rights movement in the West in the 1960s that paralleled activities in the South. That movement opened new opportunities for the skilled and educated. However, postwar deindustrialization moved many unskilled African American men to the margins of the Western urban economy.
The Media and the Black Response
Authors: Diuguid Lewis , Rivers Adrienne
Published: July 2017

African American men have played a role in all aspects of the media in the United States, but their participation has not always been welcomed or come easily. The dominant media have either excluded African Americans or portrayed them in such a bad light that some black people may have preferred exclusion. But over the years African Americans have used adversity to motivate them to create opportunities for themselves. Racist editorial attacks on black people motivated Samuel Cornish and John Russworm to found the country's first black newspaper. Years later, Percy Sutton purchased his first station, WLIB radio (New York), as a means of marshaling political power for the city's black and Hispanic communities. As the twentieth century comes to a close, African American men work in all areas of the media in positions ranging from technicians to owners. The level of their authority and their images vary, but they have a definite presence.
The Globalization of Human Development
Authors: Easterlin Richard A.
Published: July 2017

By many measures, a revolution in living conditions is sweeping the world. Most people today are better fed, clothed, and housed than their predecessors two centuries ago. They are healthier, live longer, and can read and write. Women's lives are less centered on bearing and raising children, and political democracy has gained a foothold. Western Europe and its offshoots have been the leaders of this advance in the human condition. Most of the less developed world joined in the twentieth century, with the newly emerging nations of sub-Saharan Africa the latest to participate. Although the picture is not one of universal progress, it is the greatest advance in the condition of the world's population ever achieved in such a brief span of time.
Regulating Immigration in a Global Age: A New Policy Landscape
Authors: Sassen Saskia
Published: July 2017

This article argues that transformations in the state and the interstate system, particularly those brought on by globalization, have produced new constraints and opportunities in the handling of immigration. This becomes evident through a critical examination of three key features of current immigration policy in the United States and, to variable degrees, also in other highly developed countries. These three features are the handling of immigration as (1) a process autonomous from other processes and policy domains; (2) a unilateral, sovereign matter; and (3) operating in a context where the state is a given, untouched by the massive domestic and international transformations that are increasingly reconfiguring states and the interstate system. The author argues that immigration policymaking needs to recognize interaction effects, develop multilateral approaches, and factor in the changed character of unilateral sovereign authority.
Globalization and Justice
Authors: Mandle Jon
Published: July 2017

In an era of globalization, basic institutional structures that shape our daily interactions transcend national boundaries. According to the institutional approach to social justice favored by John Rawls, we have a special obligation to ensure that the basic terms of these interactions are just. Two recent proposals would help accomplish this: a global resource dividend and a Tobin tax. Both of these proposals work within markets. Some have objected that globalization will lead to the homogenization of previously diverse cultures. However, although globalization will increase the pace of cultural and social change, the path of these developments is unpredictable.
Feminism in Criminology: Engendering the Outlaw
Authors: Britton Dana M.
Published: July 2017

This article assesses the progress of and prospects for feminism in criminology. The focus is on the last 25 years of feminist research and theorizing about women offenders, victims, and workers in the criminal justice system. A general overview is provided of the directions of this scholarship, and key debates between mainstream and feminist perspectives are reviewed. The article also examines the contributions of feminist activists both within and outside the discipline to concrete social change for women victims and offenders. The article closes with a discussion of emerging trends in feminist criminology. New research and theorizing about women's experiences with crime challenge and subvert the traditional divisions and domains of mainstream criminology.