bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratório tecnopolítico do Comum: protótipos, reticulação e potência da situação
Authors: Parra Henrique Zoqui Martins
Published: December 2019

O artigo apresenta a proposta de um dispositivo de investigação denominado Laboratório Tecnopolíticodo Comum. Inspirados em conceitos de Simondon e outros autores, propomos um modo de conhecer que se realizamediante a construção de arranjos sociotécnicos alternativos em torno de problemas situados de comunidades deafetados. Uma mesopolítica atravessada pela produção do Comum em três deslocamentos: da política discursivapara a política do protótipo (ou pragmática dos artefatos recursivos); dos problemas da escalabilidade aos problemasde transdução e reticulação; dos problemas do pensamento estratégico (saber-poder governar) aos problemas dapotência da situação (saber-fazer habitar).
Individuação psicossocial, coletivo e universalidade em Simondon
Authors: Neto Paulo Vieira
Published: December 2019

Pela análise da individuação psicológica, como ela aparece na L’individuation à la lumière des notions deforme e d`information, de Gilbert Simondon, pretendemos estabelecer alguns princípios fundamentais de método,segundo os quais Simondon irá pensar o social, e depois o político. Pretendemos, com esses princípios, sublinhara forma peculiar e original em que a filosofia de Simondon permite pensar a natureza do social e do político, semreduzir as ciências do espírito às ciências da natureza ou vice e versa.
Individuações em linhas ético políticas
Authors: Orlandi Luiz Benedicto Lacerda
Published: December 2019

A partir da noção de individuação ético política o texto explora a coextensividade entre o indivíduo emdevir, os processos de sua individuação e o do campo problemático implicado.
Espinosa: ontogênese do singular e vida ética
Authors: Chauí Marilena De Souza
Published: December 2019

Destacamos algumas das principais teses de Espinosa sobre a ontogênese dos seres individuais, suaconcepção da individuação na vida afetiva e na vida ética. Não pretendemos definir as possíveis relações entreEspinosa e Simondon, mas oferecer elementos para que os estudiosos da obra simondoniana decidam se há ou nãoproximidade entre os dois pensadores.
Effect of accelerated weathering test on selected properties of bamboo, Scots pine and Oriental beech wood treated with waterborne preservatives
Authors: Topaloglu Elif
Published: December 2019

This paper investigates the changes in density, compression strength parallel to grain, static modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of untreated (control) and waterborne-treated bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) specimens subjected to accelerated weathering using an accelerated weathering chamber for 672 hours. Wolmanit-CB (CCB), tanalith-E (Tan-E), amine copper quat-1900 (ACQ) and boric acid-borax (BB) were used as waterborne preservatives. The retention value of bamboo specimens was lower than that of wood specimens due to the difference in anatomical structure of bamboo. The value of density, compression strength parallel to grain, static modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of treated bamboo and wood were generally higher than those of untreated specimens after accelerated weathering. ACQ treatment generally provided the best protection against weathering in all mechanical tests for both bamboo and wood specimens, while CCB treatment provided an effective protection against weathering in compression strength for Oriental beech. BB treatment provided the least protection against weathering for bamboo and wood specimens compared to other waterborne preservatives.
Influence of layered structure of composite timber floor boards on their hardness
Authors: Borysiuk Piotr , Burawska-Kupniewska Izabela , Auriga Radosław , Kowaluk Grzegorz , Kozakiewicz Paweł , Zbiec Marcin
Published: December 2019

The possibility of using composite elements of flooring pine veneers with knotholes for the production of supporting layers has been determined. This assessment was made on the basis of the Brinell hardness measurement of the face layer of five-layer composites with empty spots in their structure imitating knotholes of various diameters (10, 20 and 50 mm). The dependencies obtained from empirical determinations were supported by numerical analysis. It was found that it is possible to use veneers with defects (empty spots) with a diameter of up to 20 mm to produce composites of three and more layers of wood (counting from the face layer). The anatomical section of the exposed wood on the face (radial cross-section, tangential section) of the layered composite does not affect the obtained hardness values.
Efficient central heating and modern heat sources
Authors: Pawlita Monika
Published: December 2019

Background: The methods of heating houses with system components determine the energy-saving systems. Energy-saving solutions allow to maintain comfortable conditions in the house, while minimizing the cost associated with its operation and at the same time helping to protect natural environment. The examples of such solutions include condensing boilers, heat pumps and solar collectors.Material and methods: The object of the analysis in this paper is typical single-family house occupying the area of 150 m². The comparison of analyzed heating system for a single-family house, including modern energy sources, allows the assessment of the most cost-effective method of heating. Results: Choosing rational method of heating for a single-family house is dictated mainly by economic reasons. The efficiency of the heating sources is also very important. In addition, an important factor is a heating period, which depends on the weather conditions in a given year.Conclusions: The costs of fuel/energy are still growing. Fuel selection is determined mainly by fuel calorific value and the price. To select the type of the heating source one must take into account the cost of kWh of heat.
Impact of E-Commerce Sales on Profitability and Revenue. The Case of the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Lorca Pedro , De Andrés Javier , García-Diez Julita
Published: December 2019

E-commerce has grown significantly in recent years. Although the factors that contribute to the implementation of e-commerce have been studied in prior literature, little has been done about the impact that the introduction of e-commerce has on both profitability and revenue. This is important because, as Solow (1987) points out, the information technology expenditures do not always allow firms to achieve a better performance. For this purpose, the authors use the data from the Spanish Survey on Business Strategies (ESEE). The research covers an eight-year period (2008-2015). 2,544 Spanish companies belonging to the manufacturing sector were analysed. Results show that neither business-to-business (B2B) nor business-to-consumers (B2C) e-commerce seem to have influence on the revenue growth. Therefore, a substitution effect may exist between the sales by physical channels and e-commerce sales. However, the authors have found evidence that companies which adopt a high level of e-commerce (B2C and B2C simultaneously) immediately experience increase in their profitability. Moreover, if firms adopt only B2B or B2C the positive effects on profitability are achieved in the year subsequent to that of the measurement of the e-commerce status.
Role of Neutron Diffraction in Identifying Stoichiometry and Nonstoichiometry in the Compounds
Authors: Datta Kaushik Som , Kumar Singh Anil
Published: December 2019

In this chapter we introduce stoichiometry and nonstoichiometry from crystal structure point of view along with some examples. We also discussed about the importance of nonstoichiometry in the application oriented research work and their use in the technological applications. We further discuss the ways to identify stoichiometry through various methods. We then introduce neutron diffraction and briefly describe how neutrons and X-ray interacts with matter and the difference in their interaction with matter. We then focus upon its (neutron) usability to identify nonstoichiometry by using some examples available in the literatures. High-temperature superconductivity-based research has seen the importance of neutron diffraction and scattering in identifying the structural modification which leads to superconductivity in the compounds.
VR Hackfest
Authors: Markman Chris , Hess M , Lou Dan , Nguyen Anh
Published: December 2019

We built the future of the web — today! Our four-person eLibrary team designed an afternoon workshop and corresponding network-connected public exhibit centered around two cutting-edge internet technologies: IPFS and A-Frame.
Combining genomics and epidemiology to analyse bi-directional transmission of Mycobacterium bovis in a multi-host system
Authors: Crispell Joseph , Benton Clare H , Balaz Daniel , De Maio Nicola , Ahkmetova Assel , Allen Adrian , Biek Roman , Presho Eleanor L , Dale James , Hewinson Glyn , Lycett Samantha J , Nunez-Garcia Javier , Skuce Robin A , Trewby Hannah , Wilson Daniel J , Zadoks Ruth N , Delahay Richard J , Kao Rowland Raymond
Published: December 2019

Quantifying pathogen transmission in multi-host systems is difficult, as exemplified in bovine tuberculosis (bTB) systems, but is crucial for control. The agent of bTB, Mycobacterium bovis, persists in cattle populations worldwide, often where potential wildlife reservoirs exist. However, the relative contribution of different host species to bTB persistence is generally unknown. In Britain, the role of badgers in infection persistence in cattle is highly contentious, despite decades of research and control efforts. We applied Bayesian phylogenetic and machine-learning approaches to bacterial genome data to quantify the roles of badgers and cattle in M. bovis infection dynamics in the presence of data biases. Our results suggest that transmission occurs more frequently from badgers to cattle than vice versa (10.4x in the most likely model) and that within-species transmission occurs at higher rates than between-species transmission for both. If representative, our results suggest that control operations should target both cattle and badgers.
Primary cilia deficiency in neural crest cells models anterior segment dysgenesis in mouse
Authors: Portal Céline , Rompolas Panteleimos , Lwigale Peter , Iomini Carlo
Published: December 2019

Defects affecting tissues of the anterior segment (AS) of the eye lead to a group of highly debilitating disorders called Anterior Segment Dysgenesis (ASD). Despite the identification of some causative genes, the pathogenesis of ASD remains unclear. Interestingly, several ciliopathies display conditions of the AS. Using conditional targeting of Ift88 with Wnt1-Cre, we show that primary cilia of neural crest cells (NCC), precursors of most AS structures, are indispensable for normal AS development and their ablation leads to ASD conditions including abnormal corneal dimensions, defective iridocorneal angle, reduced anterior chamber volume and corneal neovascularization. Mechanistically, NCC cilia ablation abolishes hedgehog (Hh) signaling in the periocular mesenchyme (POM) canonically activated by choroid-secreted Indian Hh, reduces proliferation of POM cells surrounding the retinal pigment epithelium and decreases the expression of Foxc1 and Pitx2, two transcription factors identified as major ASD causative genes. Thus, we uncovered a signaling axis linking cilia and ASD.
Circular Polarization Antenna-Filter
Authors: Bankov S. , Davydov A. , Kalinichev V. , Viugin P. , Kurushin A.
Published: December 2019

A two-function filtering antenna device in the 1-2 GHz band is investigated. The device radiates or receives electromagnetic waves of circular polarization and simultaneously performs the function of a second-order bandpass filter. The considered design consists of a dual-mode printed antenna-resonator coupled with two non-radiating resonators which are fed by a quadrature balanced power divider. Using the model in the form of an equivalent circuit the main features of the structure synthesis and its tuning are analyzed including potentially achievable characteristics. The results of the numerical simulations using electromagnetic software are presented in comparison with the experimental characteristics for the prototype made of high-permittivity high-quality ceramics. It is found that the proposed design is characterized by an almost two-fold increase of the operating frequency band compared to the resonant antenna itself while maintaining a low level of cross-polarization within the passband. It is also shown that the design has the frequency response of the second-order bandpass filter.
To Transgress or Not?: Critical Theory as a Framework for Change
Authors: Gnanadass Edith , Merriweather Lisa R.
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, we provide a snapshot of critical theories with salience for adult education to illuminate their enduring efficacy within the discipline, including critical feminism, queer theory, and race‐based critical theories. Critical theories seek to make individual change while dismantling the structures that suppress freedom and democracy, like discrimination, devaluation, and marginalization, and can be a catalyst for making substantial contributions to transforming society. Considering this, we believe structural changes should also reshape how critical theories are discussed, expanding the canon to include Black intellectualism. We conclude by providing evidence‐based tools for the adult educator's toolbox to transgress the politicized, raced, gendered, and othered environments in which adult educators work and adult learners learn.
Times article attacking Acadia stirs anger over damaging slurs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2024

On December 7, The New York Times published a story purporting to investigate Acadia Healthcare's opioid treatment programs (OTPs). The article was not written by reporters familiar with the field, but by reporters whose beat is exposing medical harms. The December 7 article was based mainly on accusations of ex‐employees – not lawsuits, not insurance problems, not anything documented. The OTP chain, which is based in Nashville, was described as, to take the story paragraph by paragraph.
Strain‐Driven Stabilization of a Room‐Temperature Chiral Multiferroic with Coupled Ferroaxial and Ferroelectric Order
Authors: Ren Guodong , Jung Gwan Yeong , Chen Huandong , Wang Chong , Zhao Boyang , Vasudevan Rama K. , Hachtel Jordan A. , Lupini Andrew R. , Chi Miaofang , Xiao Di , Ravichandran Jayakanth , Mishra Rohan
Published: December 2024

Noncollinear ferroic materials are sought after as testbeds to explore the intimate connections between topology and symmetry, which result in electronic, optical, and magnetic functionalities not observed in collinear ferroic materials. For example, ferroaxial materials have rotational structural distortions that break mirror symmetry and induce chirality. When ferroaxial order is coupled with ferroelectricity arising from a broken inversion symmetry, it offers the prospect of electric‐field‐control of the ferroaxial distortions and opens up new tunable functionalities. However, chiral multiferroics, especially ones stable at room temperature, are rare. A strain‐stabilized, room‐temperature chiral multiferroic phase in single crystals of BaTiS3 is reported here. Using first‐principles calculations, the stabilization of this multiferroic phase having P63 space group for biaxial tensile strains exceeding 1.5% applied on the basal ab‐plane of the room temperature P63cm phase of BaTiS3 is predicted. The chiral multiferroic phase is characterized by rotational distortions of TiS6 octahedra around the long c‐axis and polar displacement of Ti atoms along the c‐axis. The ferroaxial and ferroelectric distortions and their domains in P63‐BaTiS3 are directly resolved using atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. Landau‐based phenomenological modeling predicts a strong coupling between the ferroelectric and the ferroaxial order making P63‐BaTiS3 an attractive test bed for achieving electric‐field‐control of chirality.
Crystalline‐Constrain Enables Preparation of Hierarchical Porous Hydrogels with High Porosity and Good Mechanics
Authors: Yuan Haohang , Zhao Xiaoduo , Zhao Weiyi , Zhang Yunlei , Ye Qian , Liu Shujuan , Yu Bo , Ma Shuanhong , Zhou Feng
Published: December 2024

Porous hydrogels with high porosity can achieve high matter diffusion and transport efficiency. Achieving both ultrahigh porosity and excellent mechanical properties in porous hydrogels remains a long‐standing challenge, considerably hindering their use in high load‐bearing elastic scaffolds such as artificial articular cartilages and meniscus replacements. Herein, a novel crystalline‐constrained multi‐solvents template preparation method is proposed for synthesizing highly porous hierarchical polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels (P‐exogel) with excellent mechanical properties. The enhanced mechanical characteristics of the P‐exogel are attributed to the crystallinity‐induced network anti‐swelling effect of the pore walls during dynamic template removal. The P‐exogel exhibits a hierarchical and interconnected pore structure with high porosity (81.69%), resulting in ultrafast surface wetting with water (in less than 10 ms). Moreover, the P‐exogel exhibits good tensile breaking strength (2.47 ± 0.53 MPa) with elongation of more than 400%, high toughness (5.61 ± 1.65 MJ m−3), and excellent elastic recovery performance. The pre‐crack testing results further confirm the ultrahigh fracture resistance (18.73 ± 2.52 KJ m−2) of the P‐exogel, which almost surpasses those of all reported and commercial porous hydrogels. The unique network microstructure of the P‐exogel ensures its highly efficient and reversible liquid absorption and release ability during dynamic loading–unloading processes, confirming its great application potential in high load‐bearing elastic scaffolds.
Polymeric Microspheres with High Mass Fraction of Therapeutics Enabled by the Manipulation of Kinetics Factor During Emulsion Droplet Solidification
Authors: Wei Zhenyang , Zhu Mingyu , Morin Nicolas , Wollsten Daniela , Hirvonen Jouni , Yang Xiangliang , Santos Hélder A. , Li Wei
Published: December 2024

High drug‐loaded polymeric microspheres hold promise in biomedical fields due to reduced excipient administration, minimized side effects, and enhanced therapeutical efficacy. Although thermodynamic factors like drug‐carrier material compatibility are well‐known to influence the drug loading capacity of microspheres, they fail to explain the huge difference in drug loading degree observed for polymers and drugs with similar interactions. Here, based on the droplet microfluidic platform, the single droplet solidification process is investigated. The results indicated that amorphous polymers can hinder drug diffusion during droplet solidification compared to crystalline polymers, resulting in a higher drug loading degree. Next, this principle is applied to improve the drug loading capability of crystalline polymers (polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA)) by random co‐polymerization (poly(caprolactone‐co‐L‐lactide) (PCL‐PLLA)), achieving 6.2–22.2 times increased drug loading degree. Moreover, PCL‐PLLA microspheres with a high content of indomethacin exhibited superior therapeutical efficacy in the treatment of gout arthritis. Overall, these results offer insights into the impact of polymer crystallization on droplet solidification kinetics, which consequently affects the drug loading capacity. These findings provide guidelines for the development of polymers for efficient drug encapsulation.
Anisotropic and Heterogeneous Thermal Conductivity in Programmed Liquid Metal Composites Through Direct Ink Writing
Authors: Hur Ohnyoung , Markvicka Eric J. , Bartlett Michael D.
Published: December 2024

Thermal management in electric vehicles, electronics, and robotics requires the systematic ability to dissipate and direct the flow of heat. Thermally conductive soft composites are promising for thermal management due to their high thermal conductivity and mechanical flexibility. However, composites typically have the same microstructure throughout a film, which limits directional and spatial control of thermal management in emerging systems that have distributed heat loads. Herein, directional and spatially tunable thermal properties are programmed into liquid metal (LM) soft composites through a direct ink writing (DIW) process. Through the local control of LM droplet aspect ratio and orientation this programmable LM microstructure has a thermal conductivity in the direction of LM elongation of 9.9 W m−1·K−1, which is ∼40 times higher than the unfilled elastomer (0.24 W m−1·K−1). The DIW process enables LM droplets to be oriented in specific directions with tunable aspect ratios at different locations throughout a continuous film. This introduces anisotropic and heterogeneous thermal conductivity in compliant films to control the direction and magnitude of heat transfer. This methodology and resulting materials can provide designed thermal management solutions for rigid and soft devices.
Unconventional Fluorescent Magnetic Mesoporous Microspheres for Visualizing Latent Fingerprints
Authors: Chen Ruijia , Fan Fei , Peng Liang , Zhao Xuejun , Zhao Jing , Lv Chen , Liao Pingyong , Lu Keming , Qiu Tingting , Xiao Lu , Lu Yan , Xue Shang , Zhou Guanglei , Liu Wenbin
Published: December 2024

High‐resolution visualization of latent fingerprints is key to effectively assessing crime scenes. Unconventional luminophores provide promising application potentials due to facile preparation and excellent biocompatibility, but are rarely reported for imaging latent fingerprints (LFPs). Here, a novel and cost‐effective strategy is developed to prepare unconventional fluorescent magnetic mesoporous microspheres (UFMMMs) by growing a mesoporous silicon shell, templated by designed amphipathic unconventional luminescent (N‐eicosanoyl‐hydroxyproline, C20‐HYP) aggregate micelles, on the magnetite core. The obtained UFMMMs with blue unconventional fluorescence and an average diameter of 650 nm can clearly visualize the level 1–3 details of LFPs on different substrates. The outstanding capability in imaging fingerprints results from the combined effects of the fine luminescence, paramagnetism, and high dispersion of UFMMMs. The intermolecular interactions between C20‐HYP and amino in UFMMMs enhance the fluorescence intensity by increasing electron delocalization and the proportion of π‐electrons. This study provides a new perspective for the controllable construction of fluorescent probes based on unconventional luminophores.
Dual‐Stimuli‐Responsive Covalent Organic Framework‐Liquid Crystal Polymer Smart Actuator
Authors: Liu Ru , Li Zerui , Zhao Haokai , Zhang Lanying , Lan Ruochen , Wang Qian , Yang Huai
Published: December 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent a novel class of crystalline porous polymers that is in the limelight of research on functional materials. Loading COFs into a polymer matrix combines the stimuli‐responsive behavior of COFs and shape integrity and processing easiness of polymers. However, multiple and complex responsiveness can hardly be realized by integrating COFs into an amorphous and inert polymer matrix. Herein, photothermal and solvent‐sensitive porphyrin COF is synthesized and incorporated into another functional liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) matrix, which has uniformly molecular alignment and is capable of performing reversible deformation in response to external stimulus. As a result, the COFs dispersed in LCP can act as photothermal agents and fluorescence motifs, endowing the COF‐doped LCP film with near‐infrared (NIR) light and solvent dual‐responsiveness. Moreover, thanks to the ordered molecular alignment of LCP, such stimulation can trigger multi‐model actuation of the polymer film by adjusting molecular aligning direction, finally, based on the novel multifunctional composite film, a bionic flower capable of reversibly blooming and closing response to NIR light and solvent vapors is prepared.
Nonvolatile Switchable Janus Metasurface for Multi‐Dimension Encoded Near‐ And Far‐Field Functionalization
Authors: Hu Sha , Han Zhuoxuan , Du Shuo , Wang Chao , Hu Nannan , Fan Zhiqin , Huang Xin , Gu Changzhi
Published: December 2024

Through considering an unconventional parameter of electromagnetic waves, Janus metasurfaces offer a new strategy to integrate multiple functionalities into a single device. However, the traditional Janus metasurfaces lack reconfigurability and suffer from complex manufacture process due to common multilayer structures. Herein, it is shown that a multi‐encrypted Janus metasurface integrating with phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) can achieve tunable switching of dual functionalities and two‐faced spatial asymmetric wavefront manipulation. By controlling four degrees of freedom (i.e., incident wavelength, polarization, output direction, and the phase state of GST), the metasurfaces can simultaneously enable transmitted phase and reflected amplitude modulations. As an experimental demonstration, a transmission‐type hologram and a reflection‐type grayscale image are securely encrypted in a single metasurface and actively switched with two specific keys, which contains four optical parameters. The nonvolatile switchable Janus metasurfaces provide potential applications in displays, information encryption, and data storage.
Bismuth‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Water Vapor Capture and Energy Storage
Authors: Ma Jianxin , Wang Chen , Liu Qianqian , Chen Xinyu , Li Bo , Su Zhong‐Min , Lan Ya‐Qian , Zang Hong‐Ying
Published: December 2024

Transforming water vapor into electricity is a critical method for advancing renewable energy supply and alleviating the global energy crisis. However, conventional materials typically struggle to achieve a balance between energy storage and humidity harvesting, making the integration of humidity detection with energy storage technology an emerging challenge. To address this challenge, a novel material design strategy is explored aimed at combining humidity harvesting capabilities with energy storage. Two novel hygroscopic Bi‐based metal‐organic frameworks [Bi2(HABTC)(ABTC)0.5·4H2O] (MOF 1) and [Bi4(ABTC)3(DMF)2]·DMF (MOF 2) are grown in situ on carbon paper electrodes, followed by further modification with polyaniline (PANI). This approach enhances the hygroscopicity of materials, thereby improving electrochemical performance, doubling the energy density compared to traditional coating methods. The integration of humidity‐sensitive polyoxometalates (POMs) electrolytes create a synergistic interaction between the electrode and the electrolyte, enabling effective moisture energy harvesting. At 90% relative humidity (RH) and 70 °C, the constructed solid‐state capacitor demonstrates a high energy density of 40.40 Wh kg−1 at 499.82 W kg−1. This research not only confirms the feasibility of water vapor energy harvesting but also paves an innovative pathway in the field of humidity energy conversion, highlighting its significant potential for future practical applications.
All‐in‐One: An Interwoven Dual‐Phase Strategy for Acousto‐Mechanical Multifunctionality in Microlattice Metamaterials
Authors: Li Zhendong , Zeng Kexin , Guo Zichao , Wang Zhonggang , Yu Xiang , Li Xinwei , Cheng Li
Published: December 2024

Multifunctional materials that integrate noise absorption, high stiffness, and isotropic elasticity are increasingly sought after for all‐in‐one applications. However, conventional microlattice metamaterials—whether truss, shell, or plate—often excel in only one property and struggle to embrace all due to structural constraints. Herein, this work presents a new additive concept—via interweaving different lattice architectures to simultaneously enhance both sound absorption and elastic properties in microlattices. The interwoven design strategy starts by analyzing a particular structure, introducing a reinforcing structure to partition air domains, compensate for local stiffness deficiencies, and improve structural integrity. As a proof of concept, the focus is on using an octet truss as the original phase and a customized truss as the reinforcing phase. The methodology enables highly customizable geometric configurations, harnessing machine learning and multi‐objective optimization to achieve superior multifunctional performance. Experimental results show that these optimized microlattices overcome traditional physical limitations, simultaneously achieve broadband sound absorption, high stiffness, and elastic isotropy. The broadband absorption results from a finely tuned over‐damped resonant response, while the remarkable elastic performance is attributed to efficient load transfer and complementary configurations. This work unveils a groundbreaking design paradigm for innovative multifunctional materials.
Structurally Diverse Gelatin‐Based Electrospun Membranes for Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Zeng Lingcong , Kang Dandan , Zhu Linglin , Yu Deng‐Guang , Song Wenliang
Published: December 2024

Nanofiber membranes, produced through electrospinning, offer significant promise in the biomedical field due to their large surface area and strong mechanical properties. Their versatility is evident across applications such as drug delivery, wound healing, filtration, catalysis, and heritage conservation. However, the potential of electrospun membranes for advanced biomedical uses, like medical ultrasonic couplants, remains largely untapped. Current ultrasonic couplants have notable limitations, often failing to meet clinical needs and affecting patient comfort during diagnostics. To address this, gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber membranes with various fibrous structures are developed and characterized, specifically designed for B‐mode ultrasonography. Through multi‐fluid electrospinning, three distinct nanofiber structures with average diameters of 325 ± 6.172, 349 ± 9.189, and 361 ± 2.117 nm are created. Electron microscopy confirmed these membranes' uniformity and smooth, hydrophilic surfaces. After crosslinking, the membranes exhibited enhanced mechanical strength and biodegradability. In ultrasound imaging trials, these nanofibers demonstrated superior clarity compared to commonly used polymer materials, revealing detailed body part structures. This study highlights the critical role of diverse nanofiber membranes in ultrasound imaging and positions them as promising alternatives to conventional couplants, with the potential to revolutionize ultrasound diagnostics and therapeutic practices.
Thin‐Film Assisted Laser Transfer and Bonding (TFA‐LTAB) for the Fabrication of Micro‐LED Displays
Authors: Lang Taifu , Lin Xin , Huang Xiaowei , Xie Yujie , Bai Shuangjia , Zhou Yijian , Wang Shuaishuai , Lu Yu , Tang Xuehuang , Lin Chang , Huang Zhonghang , Zhang Kaixin , Yan Qun , Sun Jie
Published: December 2024

Micro‐Light Emitting Diodes (Micro‐LEDs) are key components in the field of next‐generation display technologies. In the process of making Micro‐LED displays, millions of chips need to be transferred to the driver substrate using mass transfer technology. Conventional transfer techniques, such as stamp transfer, present challenges in terms of processing efficiency and applicability due to the need for pre‐prepared tethered structures and fixed chip pitch. To overcome these limitations, the t hin‐film‐assisted laser transfer and bonding (TFA‐LTAB) technology is proposed. This technique is able to efficiently and accurately transfer Micro‐LEDs from the source substrate to the driver substrate with arbitrary pitch through thin‐film assistance, and electrically connects the chips through flip‐chip bonding technology, which significantly improves the efficiency and reliability of the transfer and joining. The TFA‐LTAB method proposed in this study integrates laser transfer and flip‐chip bonding techniques. Through the TFA‐LTAB process, these Micro‐LEDs cultured on sapphire substrates are precisely assembled onto transparent low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon thin‐film transistors (LTPS‐TFTs). The method successfully achieved mass transfer and bonding of Micro‐LEDs with a size of 30 × 15 µm2 at low temperature (180 °C) and low pressure (0.08 MPa).
Winter wheat cultivar post‐harvest effects: Varieties differ in residue management requirements and effect on yield of next crop
Authors: Graebner Ryan C. , Harrison Kyle , Hunt Matthew , Wood Daisy , Hagerty Christina H.
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the potential of different wheat varieties to influence the performance of the subsequent wheat crop. In fall 2021, a single variety of winter wheat (cv. Norwest Tandem) was planted into standing wheat stubble in plots that were previously planted to five winter wheat varieties. At harvest, yield was significantly affected by the variety that had been planted in each plot during the first year of the trial. Specifically, wheat following the variety Pritchett yielded approximately 12% more than wheat following the variety Bobtail. While planting the second crop, residue from the winter wheat variety Norwest Duet caused the no‐till plot drill to plug (accumulate large amounts of soil and crop residue in front of openers) far more than residue from the other varieties. This indicates that varieties differ in their residue management requirements. These differences could be exploited to best fit different agricultural practices. This study highlights the potential importance of varietal effects that persist in the field after the field is harvested. However, more work is needed to understand varietal differences in residue management requirements and varietal effects of the successive crop before they can be fully leveraged in wheat breeding and genetics, wheat agronomy, variety testing programs, and eventually the producer's field.
Detection of Estrogen Receptor Status in Breast Cancer Cytology Samples by an Optical Nanosensor
Authors: Gaikwad Pooja V. , Rahman Nazifa , Ghosh Pratyusha , Ng Dianna L. , Williams Ryan M.
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer is a substantial source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are the primary biomarkers which inform breast cancer treatment. Although endocrine therapy for ER+ patients is widely available, there is a need for increased access to low‐cost, rapid, and accurate ER testing methods. In this work, we designed a near‐infrared optical nanosensor using single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as the transducer and an anti‐ERα antibody as the recognition element. We evaluated the nanosensor in vitro prior to testing with 26 breast cancer samples which were collected by scraping the cut surface of fresh, surgically resected tumors. Twenty samples were ER+, and six ER−, representing 13 unique patients. We found that the nanosensor can differentiate ER− from ER+ patient biopsies through a shift in its center wavelength upon sample addition. Receiver operating characteristic area under the curve analyses determined that the strongest classifier with an AUC of 0.94 was the (7,5) SWCNT after direct incubation and measurement, and without further processing. We anticipate that further testing and development of this nanosensor may push its utility toward field‐deployable, rapid ER subtyping with the potential for additional molecular marker profiling.
Sub‐Nanometer Pt Nanowires with Disordered Shells for Highly Active Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formic Acid
Authors: Liu Gui , Luo Ruichun , Ma Junhao , Guo Tianqi , Kang Jianxin , Shi Wenxiong , Zhou Wu , Guo Lin
Published: December 2024

Controlled synthesis of one‐dimensional materials at atomic‐scale dimensions represents a milestone in nanotechnology, offering the potential to maximize atom utilization while enhancing catalytic performance. However, achieving structural stability and durability at such fine scales requires precise control over material structure and local chemical environment. Here, we introduce dimethylamine (DMA) as a small‐molecule modifier, in contrast to conventional long‐chain surfactants, to interact with surface Pt atoms. This approach facilitates the removal of surface Pt atoms bonded to nitrogen atoms in DMA during solubilization in water, effectively stripping the size of Pt nanowires down to sub‐nanometer. The resulting Pt subnanometer nanowires (subNWs) feature a monoatomic‐layer surface composed of disordered, bonding‐unsaturated Pt atoms, and an interior crystalline core as narrow as 0.58 nm in diameter. These unique structural characteristics confer the Pt subNWs with an electrochemically active surface‐area of 189 m2 ⋅ g−1 during formic acid oxidation. Furthermore, the amorphous‐like surface structure lowers the free energy of *OCOH intermediates and inhibits the formation of toxic byproducts CO, demonstrating exceptional electrocatalytic activity of 18.1 A ⋅ mg−1, surpassing most reported Pt‐based electrocatalysts. Our work introduces a novel strategy for the controlled construction of nanowire‐structures at sub‐nanometer scale, effectively bridging the gap between ultrafine structural design and performance stability.
Preparation of ABD‐@MMT Nano‐Flame Retardant Toward Fire‐Safety and Stable Mechanical Properties for Aramid‐Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites
Authors: Cai Tengfei , Li Fangzheng , Qian Chen , Shi Chen , Han Jian
Published: December 2024

The mismatch of flame retardancy and mechanical properties is still a challenge for developing high‐performance epoxy resin (EP) and its aramid fiber (AF) composite. In this study, bi‐DOPO compound (ABD) was prepared by reacting DOPO with acrolein, Na‐MMT was modified by octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride to prepare organic MMT(@MMT), and finally, ABD‐@MMT nano‐flame retardant was prepared by using ABD to intercalate @MMT to solve this problem. After introducing ABD‐@MMT into AF/EP composites, it exhibited good thermal stability, excellent flame retardancy, and enhanced mechanical properties. The intercalation and exfoliation of the @MMT layer within the ABD and EP matrix indicated a uniform dispersion of the flame retardant. Especially for the sample of 3%ABD‐@MMT/AF/EP composites, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value increased from 23.8% to 34.7% accompanied by the V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of residual carbon postcone calorimetry test and the degree of graphitization after muffle calcination supported the superior flame retardant properties of ABD‐@MMT nanocompounds. Furthermore, the tensile strength of 3%ABD‐@MMT/AF/EP composites measured at 38.3 MPa, representing an 8.5% increase compared to 3%ABD/AF/EP, only decreased by 7% compared to pure AF/EP composites. The incorporation of ABD‐@MMT improved both the burning behavior and mechanical properties of the composite, reflecting reduced burning intensity, increased tensile strength, and impact strength. This study presents a novel approach for developing AF/EP composites with enhanced mechanical strength and flame retardancy.
Remote Sensing Analysis and LiDAR Experimenting in the Espique Valley (La Peza, Granada, Spain)
Authors: Bulnes Jesús Rodríguez , Román Punzón Julio M. , Martín Civantos José M.
Published: December 2024

The Espique valley is a small space at the foot of the mountain, practically closed, which hides a rich archaeological heritage, not only of habitats but also of varied productive spaces. For some years now, MEMOLab UGR has been carrying out research that is now enriched with the contribution of LiDAR, with whose application we are experimenting with at a landscape scale but also with the precision of terrestrial tools for an integrated high‐resolution graphic documentation, which allows us to carry out analyses on the evolution of the settlement and the occupation and uses of this valley.
Beyond decomposition: Hierarchical dependency management in multi‐document question answering
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyan , Li Zhi , Chen Qianglong , Zhang Yin
Published: December 2024

When using retrieval‐augmented generation (RAG) to handle multi‐document question answering (MDQA) tasks, it is beneficial to decompose complex queries into multiple simpler ones to enhance retrieval results. However, previous strategies always employ a one‐shot approach of question decomposition, overlooking subquestions dependency problem and failing to ensure that the derived subqueries are single‐hop. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a novel framework called DSRC‐QCS. Decompose‐solve‐renewal‐cycle (DSRC) is an iterative multi‐hop question processing module. The key idea of DSRC involves using a unique symbol to achieve hierarchical dependency management and employing a cyclical process of question decomposition, solving, and renewal to continuously generate and resolve all single‐hop subquestions. Query‐chain selector (QCS) functions as a voting mechanism that effectively utilizes the reasoning process of DSRC to assess and select solutions. We compare DSRC‐QCS against five RAG approaches across three datasets and three LLMs. DSRC‐QCS demonstrates superior performance. Compared to the Direct Retrieval method, DSRC‐QCS improves the average F1 score by 17.36% with Alpaca‐7b, 10.83% with LLaMa2‐Chat‐7b, and 11.88% with GPT‐3.5‐Turbo. We also conduct ablation studies to validate the performance of both DSRC and QCS and explore factors influencing the effectiveness of DSRC. We have included all prompts in the Appendix.
Emissive Features of Perylene Diimide Derivative with β‐Cyclodextrin: Probing the role of inter and intramolecular interactions
Authors: Barooah Nilotpal , Soni Gunjan , Ghosh Rajib , Mohanty Jyotirmayee , Bhasikuttan Achikanath C.
Published: December 2024

Perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives have been extensively explored as chromophoric dyes for functional organic materials. Here, the custom synthesized tyrosine appended perylene diimide (PDI‐Tyr) derivative has shown strong aggregation in aqueous medium diminishing its emissive features, which was surpassed by the supramolecular interaction with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD). Complex formation between PDI‐Tyr and β‐CD, proposed from the absorption and emission studies, have been substantiated by the 1H‐NMR, ITC and geometry optimization data. Time‐resolved emission and transient absorption studies carried out on PDI‐Tyr in the absence and presence of β‐CD, revealed an excited state intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process from the tyrosine moiety to the PDI core with a time constant of ~30 ps, and the same gets retarded on encapsulation of the tyrosine groups in the βCD:PDI‐Tyr (2 : 1) complex and the kinetics slows down to ~480 ps, reviving the emissive features. The absence of a long lifetime component and the lower emission enhancement in the monomeric condition as compared to the phenyl alanine (PDI‐Phe) derivative, emphasize the major role of the ICT process in PDI‐Tyr, which subdue the features of intermolecular aggregation, establishing the tunability of the emissive properties with the customization of intra and intermolecular interactions.
In‐Situ Repair Strategies for Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Jia , Zhao Ruonan , Chen Yiwang
Published: December 2024

Perovskite solar cells have achieved significant progress in recent years. However, they still have challenges in photovoltaic conversion efficiency and long‐term stability. Widespread defects in perovskite films are one of the most important factors leading to their poor performance. Defect passivation has become the most common strategy for film quality optimization. However, these methods are essentially just deactivation treatments of the defective sites that have already formed and might leave behind influential legacy components, rather than repairing defective crystalline domains timely when film formation begins. Recent high‐profile in‐situ repair strategies can execute these functions simultaneously, with the concept emphasizing repair of defective regions into perovskite crystals in‐situ during crystallization, as well as mechanical self‐healing at the film scale. Here, common coping strategies for perovskite defects are comparatively discussed in terms of the nature of perovskite defects, and several insights on uniquely advantageous in‐situ repair of perovskite films are highlighted, followed by a focused analysis of their mechanisms of action during preparation and practical operation. This concept provides guidance for developing more effective and sustainable defect repair strategies with specific potential to improve perovskite film quality and device performance.
The Structural and Dynamic Insights into the Ala97Ser Amyloidogenic Mutation in Transthyretin
Authors: Feng Yu‐Chen , Agrawal Sashank , Yang Chin‐Hao , Chang Hao‐Chih , Kuo Ling , Yu Wen‐Chung , Liu Yo‐Tsen , Yu Tsyr‐Yan
Published: December 2024

Transthyretin (TTR), a homo‐tetrameric protein encoded by the TTR gene, can lead to amyloid diseases when destabilized by mutations. The TTR‐Ala97Ser (A97S) mutation is the predominant pathogenic variant found in Han‐Taiwanese patients and is associated with late‐onset familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), which presents a rapid progression of symptoms affecting peripheral nerves and the heart. In this study, we combined nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography to investigate how the A97S mutation impacts the structure and dynamics of TTR. Previous X‐ray analyses indicated that the FG loop exhibits increased flexibility due to the mutation, evidenced by missing electron density and a reduced number of hydrogen bonds. Our NMR hydrogen‐deuterium (H/D) exchange experiments provided additional insights, revealing that inter‐residue hydrogen bonds among the FG loop residues are unstable in both wild‐type (WT) and A97S TTR. Notably, the hydrogen bonds between G67 and S97 are unstable, influencing the stability of adjacent loops. This elongation of the FG loop is believed to contribute to increased flexibility and enhanced water‐protein proton exchange, as observed in NMR relaxation and chemical exchange experiments. Our findings offer a comprehensive understanding of how the A97S mutation affects TTR structure and dynamics, providing new insights into its amyloidogenicity.
Valorization of papaya fruit peel waste for the production of nanocellulose by Novacetimonas hansenii BMK‐3
Authors: Katyal Moniya , Singh Rakshanda , Mahajan Ritu , Sharma Anurekha , Gupta Ranjan , Aggarwal Neeraj K. , Yadav Anita
Published: December 2024

Nanocellulose is the renewable biopolymer produced in nature by different bacteria. The widespread use of nanocellulose in industrial processes increases the demand for this valuable biomaterial. To overcome the high cost of producing nanocellulose using the Hestrin–Schramm medium, alternative agricultural waste has been studied as a potential low‐cost supply. This study investigated the optimization and physicochemical characterization of cellulose membrane obtained, utilizing a low‐cost substrate—‐papaya peel‐based medium, with Novacetimonas hansenii BMK‐3.The maximum yield of nanocellulose was found at an inoculum age 24 h, inoculum size 10% (v/v), incubation time 15 days, pH 3.5, media:flask volume ratio 1:2.5, and temperature 30°C. Cellulose yield produced using the papaya peel‐based medium was nearly four times more than using the Hestrin–Schramm medium. The structural and physical properties of cellulose were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and derivative of thermogravimetric analysis. Cellulose produced using papaya peel‐based medium had similar properties to cellulose produced in the Hestrin–Schramm medium. The results suggested papaya peels as a cost‐effective substrate for cellulose production with enhanced yield. This study reports an eco‐friendly approach for the management of papaya peels waste disposal and production of value‐added product. This is the first report mentioning the valorization of papaya fruit peel waste for the production of cellulose.