bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Analytics in Healthcare: A New Era
of Accuracy and Efficiency
Authors: Vishwakarma Zeba , Singh Abhishek , Verman Sachin , Kumar Devid
Published: August 2024

Data analytics has become a game-changing instrument in healthcare, providing chances to boost
clinical workflows, improve patient outcomes, and increase the effectiveness of healthcare delivery. This review article
examines the use of data analytics in healthcare settings, looking at its possible advantages, present difficulties, and
effect on patient care. It explains the potential that data analytics offers, including predictive analytics for early illness
identification, individualized treatment programs derived from patient information, and public health oversight. The
report also discusses issues pertaining to data privacy, interoperability, and the application of analytics in healthcare. It
assesses tactics for conquering these obstacles and describes how data analytics might enhance patient results and the
calibre of medical care. The proposed method involves leveraging a likelihood ratio for a positive test result (LR+) of
90%, with a mean value of 0.430 and a median of 5.5. These metrics are used to assess and improve predictive models
that aid in early disease identification and personalized medicine. The findings suggest that while there are significant
benefits to implementing data analytics in healthcare, there are also considerable challenges that need to be addressed
to maximize its impact on patient outcomes.
Enhanced Durability of Glass Reinforced Fibre
Concrete in Harsh Environmental Conditions
Authors: Tiwari Manish , Tiwari Vaibhav , Khare Arun Kumar , Tiwari Preeti , Gupta Pankaj
Published: August 2024

Glass Reinforced Fibre Concrete (GRFC) has emerged as a significant material in construction due to its
superior mechanical properties and potential durability. This research paper explores the enhanced durability of GRFC
when subjected to harsh environmental conditions. The investigation delves into the intrinsic properties of GRFC, the
effects of various environmental stressors, and the comparative performance of GRFC against traditional concrete.
Through extensive literature review and analysis, this paper aims to highlight the benefits of GRFC, potential
challenges, and the implications for future construction practices
Assessing the Coagulation Performance of Fenugreek
Seeds in Treating Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Tiwari Manish , Tiwari Vaibhav , Khare Arun Kumar , Tiwari Preeti , Jain Pranshul
Published: August 2024

Industrial wastewater treatment remains a significant challenge, primarily due to the diverse nature of
contaminants and the inefficiencies associated with traditional methods. This study evaluates the performance of
fenugreek seeds as a natural coagulant in treating industrial wastewater. Fenugreek seeds, rich in mucilage and
polysaccharides, offer a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to synthetic coagulants. Through a series of
experiments, including coagulation-flocculation tests, sedimentation analysis, and comparison with conventional
coagulants, this research highlights the effectiveness of fenugreek seeds in removing contaminants from industrial
wastewater. The findings suggest that fenugreek seeds are a viable option for enhancing wastewater treatment
processes, with implications for environmental sustainability and cost efficiency
Fatigue Performance of Glass Reinforced
Fibre Concrete in Bridge Deck Applications
Authors: Tiwari Manish , Tiwari Vaibhav , Khare Arun Kumar , Tiwari Preeti , Gupta Pankaj
Published: August 2024

Bridge decks are critical components of infrastructure, requiring materials with excellent fatigue
performance to ensure long-term durability and safety. Glass Reinforced Fibre Concrete (GFRC) offers potential
benefits due to its enhanced mechanical properties. This research paper investigates the fatigue performance of GFRC
in bridge deck applications, evaluating its behavior under cyclic loading conditions and comparing it with conventional
concrete. The study involves experimental testing and analysis to assess the fatigue life, crack development, and overall
performance of GFRC. The findings provide insights into the suitability of GFRC for bridge decks, offering
recommendations for its application in civil engineering.
Effectiveness of Chitosan as a Natural
Coagulant in the Removal of Heavy Metals
from Contaminated Water
Authors: Tiwari Manish , Tiwari Vaibhav , Khare Arun Kumar , Tiwari Preeti , Lodhi Ashish
Published: August 2024

The contamination of water sources with heavy metals poses a significant environmental and public
health risk. Traditional methods for removing heavy metals from contaminated water often involve synthetic chemicals
and complex processes. Chitosan, a natural biopolymer derived from chitin, has emerged as a promising alternative due
to its biodegradability, availability, and effectiveness. This research paper explores the effectiveness of chitosan as a
natural coagulant for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water. Through a series of laboratory-scale
experiments, the study evaluates chitosan’s performance in heavy metal removal, examines factors influencing its
efficacy, and compares it with conventional chemical coagulants. The results indicate that chitosan can be a viable and
sustainable option for water treatment applications.
Future Directions and Research Gaps in
Enhancing the Optical Properties of PMMA
with Metamaterials
Authors: Tiwari Ashish
Published: August 2024

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a versatile polymer extensively used for its excellent optical
clarity, mechanical properties, and ease of fabrication. However, to meet the demands of advanced optical and photonic
technologies, PMMA’s intrinsic properties must be further enhanced. Integrating metamaterials—artificially engineered
materials with unique electromagnetic properties—into PMMA has shown significant promise in overcoming these
limitations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current research gaps and future directions in enhancing
the optical properties of PMMA with metamaterials. The review identifies key challenges such as achieving uniform
nanoparticle distribution, ensuring long-term stability, and developing scalable fabrication techniques. It also explores
potential solutions, including advanced fabrication methods, long-term performance studies, and the development of
multifunctional composites. By addressing these challenges, PMMA-metamaterial composites can be optimized for a
wide range of high-performance applications, driving innovation in various industries. The paper emphasizes the
importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and technological advancements in overcoming existing challenges and
advancing the field. The integration of metamaterials into PMMA represents a transformative advancement in materials
science, with the potential to revolutionize applications in optoelectronics, energy harvesting, medical devices, and
flexible technologies. By addressing current research gaps and leveraging new technologies, PMMA-metamaterial
composites can pave the way for innovative solutions and significant advancements in various high-performance
applications.
Enhancing the Optical Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Through Metamaterial Integration: Mechanisms, Techniques, and Future Directions
Authors: Tiwari Ashish
Published: August 2024

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), known as acrylic or plexiglass, is a transparent thermoplastic often used as a lightweight, shatter-resistant alternative to glass. Due to its excellent optical clarity, ease of processing, and favorable
mechanical properties, PMMA has found extensive applications in various industries, including automotive,
electronics, medical devices, and optical instruments. However, despite its widespread use, the inherent optical
properties of PMMA have certain limitations, such as limited light absorption and scattering capabilities, which can
restrict its performance in advanced photonic applications.
Enhancing the Optical Properties of PMMA with Metamaterials: Mechanisms and Integration Techniques
Authors: Tiwari Ashish
Published: August 2024

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), commonly known as acrylic or plexiglass, is a widely used
thermoplastic polymer renowned for its excellent optical clarity, mechanical properties, and ease of fabrication.
However, its intrinsic optical properties, such as limited light absorption and scattering capabilities, pose challenges for
advanced photonic applications. This paper explores the integration of metamaterials into PMMA to enhance its optical
performance, leveraging the unique electromagnetic properties of metamaterials. The review systematically examines
mechanisms of enhancement, including light manipulation, plasmonic effects, and refractive index modification, and
highlights various integration techniques like doping with nanostructures, incorporating plasmonic nanoparticles, and
using advanced synthesis methods.
Fourteen key studies are analyzed to demonstrate the significant improvements achieved in PMMA’s optical properties,
including enhanced light absorption, scattering, and UV resistance, as well as increased flexibility and energy
efficiency. The paper also discusses current research gaps, such as achieving uniform nanoparticle distribution,
ensuring long-term stability, and developing scalable fabrication techniques. Future research directions emphasize the
need for advanced fabrication methods, long-term performance studies, exploration of new metamaterials, and the
development of multifunctional composites.
By addressing these challenges and leveraging technological advancements in nanotechnology, machine learning, and
scalable manufacturing processes, PMMA-metamaterial composites can be optimized for a wide range of applications,
from optoelectronics and energy harvesting to medical devices and smart technologies. This comprehensive review
highlights the transformative potential of PMMA-metamaterial composites and provides valuable insights into their
future development and application in various high-performance fields.
Política externa brasileira e trabalho: a questão sindical no centro das atenções (1964-1965)
Authors: Maciel Joelson Lopes
Published: August 2024

Resumo Este artigo busca compreender o papel do trabalho na condução da política externa brasileira e sua inserção na Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) no período em que Arnaldo Lopes Süssekind ocupou o Ministério do Trabalho e da Previdência Social. Defendemos que a OIT se tornou um problema relevante para a diplomacia brasileira a partir de 1964, como ferramenta para obtenção de legitimidade ao Regime Militar, cuja política sindical era vista com desconfiança pela comunidade internacional, e que o Ministério do Trabalho, articulado com estrategistas trabalhistas estadunidenses, foi lócus privilegiado de elaboração e execução de estratégias de defesa do Estado brasileiro.
Private schools in South Africa: Pay the bill for the child's best interests? Terms and conditions apply
Authors: Smit Samantha
Published: August 2024

In South Africa, the right to basic education is immediately realisable as set out in the Constitution and confirmed in the case of Governing Body of the Juma Musjid Primary School & Others v Essay NO & Others. Another contentious point recently seen being developed in courts is the role and duties of a private school. Private schools, unlike public schools, can suspend a student due to failure to pay their school fees. However, in the case of a private school, the question arises as to the constitutional and human rights duties of a private party to give effect to the right to basic education. In the case of AB & Another v Pridwin Preparatory School & Others the Court definitively pronounced that private schools have constitutional obligations to give effect to the right to basic education. However, much uncertainty remains on the effect this has on a private school's ability to suspend or expel a learner for failure to pay school fees.
Transforming education through mother tongue language as a language of instruction in South Africa
Authors: Quan Gertrude Mafoa , Fambasayi Rongedzayi , Ferreira Tasreeq
Published: August 2024

The right to receive education in an official language of one's choice is enshrined in section 29(2) of the Constitution. However, the South African education system has not offered sustained learning as well as equal opportunities for most of the population in more than one language. Although language in education determines the language of learning and teaching, language in education remains contentious in South Africa. jurisprudence supports the idea that schools should be inclusive in language policies. The National Department of Basic Education policy fails to address the need to ensure the sustained use of mother tongue language by prompting a switch to English in grade 4. This article explores how the learning and teaching in schools could potentially perpetuate discrimination in accessing schools, against the backdrop of constitutional rights and values, such as equality and non-discrimination.
Strategic litigation for educational equity: Analysing the impact of ISER v Attorney-General on access to quality education in Uganda
Authors: Mutu Perekeme
Published: August 2024

In recent years, strategic litigation has emerged as a powerful tool for advancing human rights and promoting social justice around the world. This legal approach involves the deliberate use of legal action to bring about broader social or systemic change. In the context of Uganda, where access to quality education has been a concern, the impact of strategic litigation in advancing access to education cannot be understated. This article delves into the effectiveness of strategic litigation in promoting access to equal quality education in Uganda, with a specific focus on the 2019 landmark High Court decision in the case of Initiative for Social and Economic Rights v Attorney-General. Key words: strategic litigation; access
The constitutional obligation to protect the right to education in Nigeria: A call for action
Authors: Onuora-Oguno Azubike C , Silas Theophilus
Published: August 2024

This article argues that beyond the obligation of states to respect, promote and fulfil the right to education, the obligation to protect, which is crucial, is often neglected. Additionally, it highlights that access to and availability of education is limited when states do not protect the school space by making it safe for learners. With a focus on Nigeria, the article argues that the lack of fulfilment of the obligation to protect by the Nigerian state is a violation of its obligations under international human rights law. Relying on Nigeria's commitments under various African human rights treaties, national law and policies, the article makes recommendations on how the obligation to protect can be realised and, thus, the right to education respected in its entirety in Nigeria.
Domestic and international law contradictions in Zimbabwe's gender quota system
Authors: Lihiru Victoria Melkisedeck
Published: August 2024

In 2013 Zimbabwe adopted a gender quota system for the National Assembly. However, the quota system is set at 30 per cent, contrary to international law obligations domesticated under section 17 of the 2013 Zimbabwean Constitution, which requires women to constitute at least half of all elected and nominated positions of power. While the Constitution further allows women to compete for first-past-the-post (FPTP) parliamentary seats, there are neither constitutional measures to ensure that women win FPTP seats, nor mechanisms to transition women from quota seats to FPTP seats. While the gender quota and FPTP constituency seats have increased the number of women in Parliament, they have decreased the number of women nominated and elected for FPTP seats. The quota parliamentarians are not voted by the electorate, lack a link to constituencies, and are not entitled to constituency funds. Each political party applies discretion in the nomination of women for quota seats, exposing them to exploitation and corruption. This negatively affects the quality of quota parliamentarians and, in turn, their transition to constituency seats. The article suggests that Zimbabwe extend the proportional representation electoral system and Zebra system applicable in the election of senators to the election of members of parliament. This will facilitate the alignment of Zimbabwe's political representation gender equality commitments with its constitutional and international law obligations.
Arte contemporáneo, espacio arquitectónico y la expansión a la conciencia corporal
Authors: Avilés-Mejía Omar Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Este artículo de reflexión plantea un análisis crítico y reflexivo sobre las prácticas arquitectónicas contemporáneas, con un enfoque particular en la tendencia hacia lo visual, a lo que Juhani Pallasmaa denomina “ocularcentrismo”. Esta preferencia por lo visual minimiza la integración y atención hacia los demás sentidos en la experiencia arquitectónica, presentando un desafío significativo en la percepción sensorial de los espacios. Paralelamente, el artículo establece un vínculo entre la arquitectura otras expresiones de arte, como las exploraciones por el arte contemporáneo, que, al interactuar en el espacio arquitectónico, pueden fomentar el desarrollo de la inteligencia corporal, un concepto propuesto por Howard Gardner en su teoría de las Inteligencias Múltiples. Además, se destaca cómo las fronteras convencionales entre estas disciplinas se están volviendo cada vez más difusas, creando espacios que promueven una interacción física activa y la inmersión sensorial.
Development of the hybrid biocatalysts based on ficin and papain complexes with chitosan sulfate and the study of their structural features
Authors: Redko Yulia A. , Goncharova Svetlana S. , Lavlinskaya Maria S. , Sorokin Andrey V. , Yudin Nikolay E. , Kondratyev Maxim S. , Holyavka Marina G. , Artyukhov Valeriy G.
Published: August 2024

Ficin and papain are proteolytic enzymes of plant origin used in biomedicine and industry. Soluble forms of enzymes have several disadvantages, such as rapid inactivation, microbial degradation, autolysis, etc. Immobilization of enzymes on polysaccharides can exclude these problems.
In connection with the above, the purpose of the study was to develop a technique for the complexation of ficin and papain with sulfate chitosan with different molecular weights and to study their structural features.
Sulfate chitosan with different molecular weights (200, 350, and 600 kDa) was successfully obtained. A technique for the complexation of ficin and papain with sulfate chitosan has been proposed. The protein content in the immobilized formulations of ficin and papain was estimated by the Lowry method; the protease activity of the samples was evaluated on the substrate azocasein.
It was shown by in silico experiments that the interaction of ficin and papain with sulfate chitosan is due to electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, as well as the formation of hydrogen bonds between the components. Bonds and interactions with sulfate chitosan are also formed with the participation of amino acid residues forming the active site of the enzymes (Cys25 and His162 for ficin, Cys25 and His159 for papain) and near-locating ones.
It was found that the optimal ratio of protein content (mg per g of carrier), total activity (in units per mL of solution) is achieved for ficin and papain complexes with sulfate chitosan with a molecular weight of 600 kDa.
The proposed approach has broad prospects for practical use in the field of proteinase immobilization due to the prediction of the structural features of the biocatalyst based on in silico simulations that do not require the use of expensive reagents.
A comparative assessment of the operation of monolithic chromatography-desorption systems in static and dynamic extraction modes
Authors: Platonov Igor A. , Bryksin Alexander S. , Mukhanova Irina M. , Kolesnichenko Irina N.
Published: August 2024

The correctness, accuracy and precision of quantitative chromatographic analysis are determined by the quality of preparation of standard composition samples, the development and use of which allows analytical laboratories to solve a wide range of applied problems.
The article presents the results of a study of monolithic chromatography-desorption systems (MCDS), which allows creating solutions of organic substances with a normalized amount of organosoluble analytes in a dynamic way. The target component is evenly distributed throughout the volume of the composite material. The resulting experimental samples were studied in a specially designed extraction unit at temperatures of 25, 50, and 80°C and an eluent flow rate 3 cm3/min, which was n-octane. The obtained extracts were analysed using gas chromatography. A comparative assessment of the amount of desorbed organosoluble analyte by the extraction solution in static and dynamic extraction modes was carried out. It has been shown that the dynamic extraction method is characterized by the ability to create flows of organic solvents for a longer time, while reaching a working quasi-stationary mode, characterized by a deviation of the analyte concentration of no more than 10%, is achieved faster. It has been established that in order to obtain quasi-stationary concentrations in the dynamic extraction mode, it is necessary to ensure the passage of 500-600 cm3 at a flow rate of 3 cm3/min through the studied samples, weighing 1.54 g, containing organosoluble analytes. The results obtained allowed us to recommend the manufactured MCDS for creating solutions of organic solvents with a known content of the target substance.
Application of a magnetic sorbent based on humate in combination with GC-MS for the determination of phenolic xenoestrogens in bottom sediments
Authors: Gubin Alexander S. , Sukhanov Pavel T. , Kushnir Alexey A. , Shikhaliev Khidmet S. , Potapov Mikhail A. Potapov
Published: August 2024

A sorbent with magnetic properties, functionalized with humates, in combination with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was proposed for the determination of phenolic xenoestrogens (ED) in bottom sediments. The following ED were chosen as objects of the study: octylphenol (OP), nonylphenol (NP), bisphenol A (BPA). Together with ED, the distribution of the naturally occurring estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2), was studied. Previously, ED was extracted from bottom sediments with hexane under short-term sonication with ultrasound. The degree of component extraction was 75-89%. Sorption concentration was carried out under dynamic conditions: a sorbent weighing 0.5 g was placed in a borosilicate glass column, on both sides of which magnets were placed to immobilize the sorbent. The hexane extract was passed through a column filled with a magnetic sorbent based on humates. The analytes were then desorbed with 1 cm3 methanol and their derivatization was carried out with a mixture of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide and trimethylchlorosilane.
The analytical characteristics of the determination method were established using model samples of bottom sediments selected in a background area with minimal anthropogenic impact. The determination limit of ED was 30-60 ng/kg (dry weight). In real objects, the sensitivity of the method was reduced by 3-4 times due to matrix effects caused by the presence of petroleum products in waters. The monitoring of ED content in bottom sediments at the site of waste water discharge into the River Don near the city of Voronezh, as well as on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus (area of the city of Tuapse and Olginka settlement) was carried out. The maximum concentrations of OP, NP, BPA and E2 in bottom sediments were established in the area of the port of Tuapse, where they were 5.7, 8.1, 6.2, and 0.9 µg/kg, respectively.
Adsorption properties of a surface-layer adsorbent based on wide-pore SiO2 and metal-organic framework polymer MIL-100(Cr) in relation to volatile organic compounds of different classes
Authors: Kopytin Kirill A. , Martina Yulia V. , Pariychuk Mikhail Yu. , Onuchak Ludmila A.
Published: August 2024

The study of the adsorption and selective properties of the composite surface-layer adsorbent SiO2/MIL-100(Cr) was performed using the inverse gas chromatography method. The composite was prepared on the basis of silicon dioxide and MIL-100(Cr) – benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate Cr(III), which is a mesoporous metal-organic coordination polymer (MOCP). The textural characteristics of the original MIL-100(Cr) and the composite with it were determined using the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption. A sharp decrease in the specific surface area of the composite compared to the synthesized MOCP was established, which is explained by the low mass content of the latter (15 %) relative to the silica support. Based on experimental data, the thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorption of various hydrocarbons and chlorinated methane derivatives on a surface-layer adsorbent were calculated. An analysis of the specific retention volumes and thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption demonstrated that the composite adsorbent exhibits a mixed adsorption mechanism. Depending on the nature of the adsorbate and the shape and size of its molecule, various types of intermolecular interactions appear, and a sieve effect was also observed. Using cyclohexane as an example, the possibility of the passage of its molecules only into the pores of one type of framework due to the discrepancy between the dimensions of the pore window was demonstrated. It is proposed to consider the interaction of adsorbate molecules with the porous structure of MIL-100(Cr) in the framework of “guest-host” complex formation by analogy with macrocyclic compounds. Surface layer adsorbent SiO2/MIL-100(Cr) exhibited selective properties towards isomeric alkanes and arenes. Separation factor for isomeric octanes at 160 ℃ was 1.4 for the 2,3,4-trimethylpentane/2,2,4-trimethylpentane pair and 1.5 for the 2,3-dimethylhexane/2,2,4-trimethylpentane pair. In the case of xylene isomers, the highest separation factor was observed for o- and m-xylenes (αo/m = 1.2).
Outcome of Deliveries Following Labour Epidural Analgesia in a Malaysian Teaching Hospital
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: August 2024

Effects of labour epidural analgesia (LEA) on mode of delivery is unclear. We aimed to establish if LEA was associated with increased rate of caesarean delivery (CD) or vaginal assisted delivery (VAD). This retrospective cohort study analysed the birth and LEA records consecutively from January until April 2021. Elective CDs were excluded. Paturients were divided into LEA and non-labour epidural analgesia (NLEA) groups. Outcomes measured were mode of deliveries stated as CD, VAD or spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD). A total of 262 deliveries met the inclusion criteria. Spontaneous vaginal deliveries were significantly observed more in NLEA group (LEA 2(1.5%) vs NLEA 79(60.3%), p<0.001) whereas LEA group had significantly more VADs and CDs (LEA VAD 60(45.8%) vs NLEA VAD 4(3.1%), p<0.001; LEA CD 69(52.7%) vs NLEA CD 48(36.6%), p=0.013 respectively). The risk factors associated with CD were analysed using logistic regression (LR) models. Univariate showed that LEA and parity 0 was associated with increased risk for CD while multivariate analysis showed LEA was an independent risk factor for CD. Parturient in LEA group had almost twice the risk to have CDs [adjusted odds ratio 1.973(1.116-3.486), p=0.019]. In conclusion, LEA is associated with increased rate of CDs and VADs.
Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Eyelid Secondary to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Published: August 2024

A 65-year-old male with a history of right-eye secondary orbital implant for anophthalmia socket with post-enucleation socket syndrome and no comorbidities presented a 5-day history of left eyelid redness and swelling. Progressive exacerbation ensued, accompanied by pain. On examination, the visual acuity of the left eye measured 6/12. Manifestations included a swollen, tender, erythematous lower lid and purulent ocular discharge. Notably, the middle third of the left lower lid displayed erosions and ulcerations with an overlay of necrotic tissue. Systemic and funduscopic examinations yielded unremarkable findings. The intervention involved debridement, wound desloughing and excision of the necrotic patch. Subsequent culture of purulent discharge revealed the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Intravenous antibiotics were administered according to microorganism sensitivity. Hematological investigations unveiled neutropenia, while subsequent comprehensive assessments excluded evidence of infectious, inflammatory, or hematological malignancies. Regrettably, the patient declined both bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy. After a 10-day inpatient observation, symptoms demonstrated marked improvement. Subsequent clinical follow-ups indicated complete symptom resolution without relapse. Urgent intervention comprising wound debridement and intravenous antibiotic therapy stands as imperative in necrotising fasciitis of the eyelid.
IDENTIFYING LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FIELDS AND TYPES OF RELATIONS OF LEXICAL UNITS FROM THE STANDPOINT OF COGNITIVE APPROACH IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TO PHILOLOGY MAJORS
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kornieva Zoia , Kyrylenko Tetiana ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: August 2024

Background. The article addresses the conceptual issues of enhancing the linguistic competence of Philology majors in a foreign language classroom. The cognitive approach is applied to boost understanding of the concepts such as “lexical-semantic field”, “categorization”, “conceptualization”, “conceptual category” and “semantic category”. The article also focuses on developing the skills of identifying semantic relationships within a lexical-semantic field, namely polysemy, antonyms, and synonyms as well as metaphoric transference. Purpose. With the issue being underresearched, the purpose of the article is to discuss the ways to enhance students’ awareness of semantic relationships within a lexical-semantic field. Achieving the goal involved pursuing the following tasks: to clarify the hierarchical relationships between the processes of cognition of categories and concepts; use a generalized definition of “lexical-semantic field” and to present its structure; determine the main relationships between the components of a lexical and semantic field to make use of in the process of learning a foreign language. Results and discussion. It is proposed to organize the process of mastering the key categories of linguistics by applying the following techniques: analysis of a lexical-semantic field, detailing a lexical-semantic group of words, defining a common semantic component within a group. To successfully master the second language, students need to distinguish between semantic and conceptual categories, as well as to inference their meaning in a certain sign form. It is envisaged that by examining the semantic relationships within a lexical-semantic field students learn to effectively analyze the metaphorical transfer of meaning, which is an indispensable skill of language competence.
La cosa juzgada y los pronunciamientos sobrevenidos del TJUE. ¿Un conflicto irresoluble? (Análisis de los remedios disponibles frente a la res iudicata anticomunitaria en el derecho italiano)
Authors: Costagliola Federica
Published: August 2024

En el proceso de integración europea ocupa un lugar central desde hace mucho tiempo el debate relativo a la eficacia de las sentencias del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea sobre los ordenamientos de los distintos Estados miembros, debido a sus efectos ex tunc y erga omnes que, por tanto, pueden poner en entredicho la seguridad jurídica. A través de este estudio se pretende ofrecer una panorámica acerca de los efectos de los pronunciamientos comunitarios en el derecho italiano, centrándonos en sus consecuencias sobre las sentencias firmes con fuerza de cosa juzgada. La elección de dicho ordenamiento se debe a las fundamentales aportaciones que en esta materia han hecho la doctrina y la jurisprudencia italiana.
El trámite de consulta pública en los procedimientos de elaboración de normas reglamentarias a la luz de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo
Authors: Villaseca Ballescá Alicia
Published: August 2024

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la consulta pública en el seno de los procedimientos de elaboración de disposiciones administrativas generales. Con base en la Ley 39/2015, de 1 de octubre, del Procedimiento Administrativo Común de las Administraciones Públicas; en la Ley 50/1997, de 27 de noviembre, del Gobierno; en la normativa autonómica y en la reciente jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo, se estudia el significado y propósito de este trámite, los requisitos exigibles en su desarrollo y los supuestos en los que se puede prescindir de él. Se aborda, en último lugar, las consecuencias que lleva aparejada la omisión de esta consulta previa cuando sea preceptiva.
Administración electrónica: Balance y perspectivas
Authors: González de Zárate Lorente Roberto
Published: August 2024

Con el presente trabajo pretendemos llevar a cabo un balance de la situación actual en materia de administración electrónica y referirnos a los ámbitos que consideramos de necesaria mejora. De acuerdo con tal propósito examinamos los aspectos que hemos considerado más destacables acerca de la administración electrónica. Así, partiendo de la evolución en materia de TIC y de administración electrónica, entraremos en su concepto, caracteres y régimen jurídico vigente, analizando desde sus principios informadores a los supuestos más específicos, siguiendo la regulación fundamental acerca de esta cuestión, con especial incidencia del derecho de la Unión Europea, y la doctrina de los tribunales, clarificando cuestiones polémicas en la mayoría de los casos. Concluiremos con una recapitulación y unas consideraciones acerca de la situación actual en la que, si bien se ha producido una evolución favorable, no resulta menos cierto que es preciso seguir avanzando, en línea con lo indicado en este sentido por la Comisión Europea.
The linkage of perceived neighbourhood environmental safety with travel-time and leisure-time physical activity in adults
Authors: Lim Noor Hashimah Hashim , Jamaluddin Rosita , Majid M. Rafee , Tsong Teh Bor , Abidin Nurdiyana Zainal , Hasnan Liyana , Hassan Linda Shafarina
Published: August 2024

Background
Having the highest obesity prevalence and physical inactivity among its South East Asian counterparts, it is important for Malaysia to understand the factors contributing to this epidemic. Because low neighbourhood safety is linked to physical inactivity, the objective of this study was to explore perceived neighbourhood safety from traffic and crime with its effects on adults’ travel- and leisure-time physical activities.
 
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 256 adults. Six items on a 4-point Likert scale from the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) and WHO’s GPAQ questionnaires to record weekly minutes of physical activity were used to measure the variables. Forty-three neighbourhoods from Johor Bahru district were categorised into higher and lower socio-economic status by median housing price per square feet. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data.
 
Results
Among 256 adults, males were found to be more physically active than females. SEM showed that for every 1 unit increase in neighbourhood socioeconomic status, males’ perceived neighbourhood environmental safety increases by 0.23 unit (p=0.006); however, this does not explain their physical activities. For the females, regardless of neighbourhood socioeconomic status, every 1 unit increase in perceived neighbourhood environmental safety from traffic and crime encourages physical activity to increase by 0.47 unit (p=0.006), especially for leisure purposes. Both genders perceived that street lighting at night and pedestrian visibility are important safety features of the neighbourhood environment.
 
Conclusion
The study outcomes facilitate understanding of causal factors of physical activity through perceived neighbourhood environmental safety, especially among females.
 
Keywords: Neighbourhood environment safety, neighbourhood socioeconomic status, physical activity, gender, adult
Comparative efficacy of topical 10% versus 5% tranexamic acid in treatment of women with melasma: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mawu Ferra Olivia , Kapantow Marlyn Grace , Pandaleke Herry E. J. , Cahyadi Alexandro Ivan , Togelang Lidya , Tampi Joan Alexandra , Christopher Paulus Mario
Published: August 2024

BackgroundMelasma is a highly prevalent chronic pigmentary disorder. The pathogenesis is unknown but melasma often occurs in photo-exposed areas, e.g., cheeks, upper lip, chin, and forehead. Tranexamic acid (TA), a plasmin inhibitor, aids in the inhibition of UV-induced plasmin activity and melanogenesis, making it a favorable therapeutic option for melasma. Tranexamic acid may be administered through various routes, e.g., topical. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of topical 10% versus 5% TA in women with melasma.
MethodsThis double-blind randomized controlled trial included 16 females with epidermal type melasma who were randomized into two groups to receive either topical 10% TA (n = 8) or 5% TA (n = 8) applied twice daily for eight weeks. Prior to intervention and at 8 weeks after intervention, the intensity and extension of melasma were assessed based on melasma area and severity index (MASI) score and pigmentation score.
ResultsMean MASI and pigmentation scores in both treatment groups were similar at base-line (p>0.05). The reduction in MASI and pigmentation scores in the topical 10% TA and 5% TA groups was similar and statistically not significant after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment (p>0.05). There were no drug-related adverse reactions or complications.
ConclusionThis study demonstrated that topical 10% TA and 5% TA were effective in treating women with melasma. The utilization of topical 5% TA for melasma is a promising alternative therapeutic option without the need to increase the concentration of the formulation.
Characteristics of patients with sarcoidosis that was diagnosed using invasive methods
Authors: Borodulina E. A. , Pushkin S. Yu. , Yakovleva E. V. , Lyukshin D. V. , Povalyaev E. I.
Published: August 2024

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown origin that is characterized by formation of granulomas in various organs, predominantly lungs and lymph nodes. The approaches to evaluation and treatment of patients with sarcoidosis are controversial. Differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis is most often carried out with tuberculosis (TB). The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of patients with sarcoidosis diagnosed using invasive diagnostic methods and assessment of these characteristics for differential diagnosis with tuberculosis. Methods. The medical histories of patients admitted to the thoracic surgery department to verify the diagnosis of sarcoidosis were studied. Videothoracoscopy was chosen to obtain biopsy samples as the safest and the most valuable diagnostic procedure. Sarcoidosis was diagnosed when a characteristic granuloma was detected by pathology. Results. Of the 64 cases, 42 (65.6%) were women and 22 (34.4%) were men. The mean age was 48.4 ± 11.6 years. Of the 64 patients studied, 26 (40.6%) people had a preliminary diagnosis of tuberculosis. In 19 (73.1%) of these cases, tuberculosis was excluded by a tuberculosis specialis, and in 7 (26.9%) cases TB was excluded after the anti-tuberculosis treatment course. Baed on the histology, the most common types of sarcoidosis were pulmonary (30/64, 46.9%) and combined lymph node and pulmonary sarcoidosis 25 (39.1%). Sarcoidosis of the lymph nodes 5 (7.8%) and sarcoidosis of other locations 4 (6.3%) were much less common. The largest group of patients were women with sarcoidosis of the lymph nodes and lungs 20 (31.3%) aged 35–64 years. Conclusion. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis is difficult. When examining a patient with newly identified changes in the lungs and lymph nodes and dissemination syndrome, the anti-tuberculosis treatment not justified in the absence of convincing evidence for tuberculosis, a negative test for HIV infection, in the absence of inflammatory changes in the blood, in the presence of prolonged contact with dust and when the patient is female. Morphological verification of the diagnosis will reduce the time required for diagnosis and eliminate the incorrect prescription of chemotherapy.
Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of focal lung formations
Authors: Lagkueva I. D. , Chernichenko N. V. , Kotlyarov P. M. , Soldatov D. G. , Solodkiy V. A.
Published: August 2024

Lung diseases are among the leading causes of death. Patients with malignant lung tumors often have terminal stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis because of long absence of clinical manifestations of the condition and late diagnosis. The aim of the work was to analyze literature devoted to the problems of identifying the nature of focal lung lesions and reliable assessment of the degree of tumor process. The authors also aimed to evaluate the importance of ongoing monitoring with radiology methods for clarification of the nature of focal changes in the lungs and for selection of methods with greater specificity regarding the nature of the process. Conclusion. Radiological methods are crucial in screening and detection of lung tumors, but ongoing monitoring is carried out in most cases to determine the nature of the changes. Further research on a comprehensive assessment of radiological diagnostic data using artificial intelligence (AI) in order to determine the nature of small lung lesions is relevant.
Endometrial stromal sarcoma
Authors: Samsonova M. V. , Merzhoeva Z. M. , Berikkhanov Z. G.-M. , Proshkina A. A. , Belyakov M. M. , Cherniaev A. L.
Published: August 2024

Uterine sarcomas account for 3 – 5% of all malignant neoplasms of the uterus, and they occur 3 times more often in the body than in the cervix. Leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS), mixed mesodermal tumors, carcinosarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcoma are the most common in clinical practice. When choosing the tactics of treatment and prognosis of the disease, the stage of the process is taken into account. The aim of the article is to describe a clinical case of a 37-year-old woman with ESS. The tumor was initially diagnosed during a biopsy of lung tissue and was confirmed only after extirpation of the uterus. Immunohistochemical assay revealed strong expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, CD10, moderate expression of caldesmon and vimentin in the absence of desmin expression in the ESS cells. The expression of SMA and CD34 was detected in blood vessels. The expression of S100 and bcl-2 was found in a few isolated cells. Epithelial lining cells expressed EMA, CK7, and napsin A. Conclusion. The peculiarity of the presented case is that the disease was diagnosed based on the histological examination of a lung metastasis.
An analysis of pregnancy outcomes in relation to the location of placenta previa
Authors: Gunjan  , Kumari Sadhna , Kumar Ashutosh , Sinha Anjana
Published: August 2024

Background: The improper implantation of the placenta above or near the cervical os is called placenta previa, and it causes significant maternal and newborn morbidity. Major placenta previa is more dangerous due to its larger cervical os placental covering. The study evaluated pregnancy outcomes in relation to the location of placenta previa, focusing on the differences between major and minor cases to inform optimal management strategies.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study comprised 200 pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa. Patients were classified into major (n=120) and minor (n=80) placenta previa groups based on ultrasound findings. Data on maternal and neonatal outcomes were extracted from medical records and analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 23. A p value of <0.05 was deemed to be statistically significant.
Results: Major placenta previa was related with significantly higher rates of adverse outcomes compared to minor placenta previa. Preterm birth occurred in 50% of major cases compared to 30% in minor cases (p=0.01). Maternal hemorrhage was more frequent in the major group (40%) versus the minor group (20%) (p=0.002). Neonatal Apgar scores <7 at 5 minutes were observed in 30% of major cases compared to 10% of minor cases (p=0.001). Additionally, major placenta previa was linked to higher rates of placenta accreta, uterine atony, and the need for blood transfusions and hysterectomies.
Conclusions: Major placenta previa increases the likelihood of unfavourable mother and foetal outcomes compared to minor. These findings emphasise the necessity of early diagnosis and targeted care to improve health outcomes.
Clinical study of effect of low dose atropine drops on progression of myopia in children
Authors: Naik Shubhay V. , Joshi B. S.
Published: August 2024

Background: As an eye condition, myopia is prevalent and often confusing. In modern times, a higher risk of many eye illnesses is linked to myopia, even at modest levels. Improving eye health and quality of life may be possible by halting the development of myopia.
Methods: It was a prospective, experimental study, designed to look at the effect of 0.01% atropine eye drop on myopia progression, conducted in outpatient tertiary medical centre, total 66 patients were enrolled. Inclusion criteria include having age of ≥6 years and ≤15 years with myopia or myopic astigmatism and whose parents have given consent to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria include children with congenital/developmental delay or systemic diseases, ocular pathology like amblyopia, strabismus, cataract, allergy to atropine were not included.
Results: The result showed that the comparison of spherical equivalent between the baseline measurements and the follow-up measurements after the use of low dose atropine drops indicates that a significant correlation is found between the baseline and follow-up of 12 months (p=0.043) and 18 months (p=0.038). The 6-month follow-up comparison does not show statistically significant association.
Conclusions: We concluded that the low dose atropine should be considered as one the myopia progression control remedy. Recommendation of carry out further research in the similar population of a longer duration of three years and above to better understand the effect of low dose atropine in myopia progression should be considered.
Severe rebound hypercalcemia following denosumab treatment in a paediatric patient with cervical aneurysmal bone cyst: a case report
Authors: Ramamoorthy Lakshiya , Swamikannan Bharath Duraisamy , Shanmugam Dinesh Kumar , Raman Alagammai
Published: August 2024

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are aggressive bone tumours often treated with denosumab, notably when surgical options are minimal. This case report describes an 8-year-old boy who developed severe hypercalcemia following denosumab treatment for a cervical ABC. Initially managed with surgery and chemotherapy, the patient experienced a significant rebound in calcium levels three months after denosumab cessation, leading to symptoms requiring intensive care. Management included intravenous fluids, calcitonin, and zoledronate, resulting in normalization of calcium levels and symptom resolution. This case highlights the need for vigilant monitoring of electrolyte levels and consideration of alternative therapies to prevent rebound hypercalcemia in paediatric patients.