bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Фермата
Authors: Оносов И.
Published: January 2025

Стихотворения Михаила Ерёмина часто написаны таким языком, что для их чтения требуется словарь или специальные знания, на которых и строится анализ. Однако и без словаря, в силу своей полисемии, ассоциативной составляющей и/или отсылок к другим его стихотворениям, слова, наряду с другими особенностями идиостиля Ерёмина (жесткостью выбранной формы, вопросительными конструкциями, бессубъектными предложениями, инфинитивами, употреблением частицы «ли»), заставляют стихотворение работать некоторым — предусмотренным автором или нет — образом. Особый вклад вносит финал стихотворения, который, хотя формально и завершает чтение, создает условия для того, чтобы продолжало звучать либо оно само (на этот раз по-другому), либо обозначенная в нем тема или ситуация. Для описания этого эффекта выбрана фигура ферматы — знак в нотном письме, предписывающий исполнителю увеличить длительность ноты по своему усмотрению (часто до растворения звука).

Poems of Mikhail Yeryomin are often written in language that requires a dictionary or special knowledge which serve as a starting point for the analysis. Yet even without a dictionary, words in Yeryomin’s poems (owing to the polysemy, to the associations that they cause, and/or to the references to other poems) as well as other peculiarities of his idiostyle (the rigidity of the chosen form, his predilection for interrogative constructions, for sentences without lyrical subjects, for infinitives and the conjunction “whether”) make his poems work in a certain way, either premeditated by their author or not. Endings of his poems contribute especially: even though they conclude the reading per se, they create conditions that make a poem keep ringing (this time in a different way) or prolong an aforementioned theme or a situation. This effect is described by the figure of fermata, a musical symbol that extends the duration of a sound based on the performer’s wishes (often until a sound dissipates completely).
Экфрасисы и интермедиальность в поэтике Михаила Ерёмина
Authors: Цибуля А.
Published: January 2025

Михаил Ерёмин экспериментирует с жанром экфрасиса, внедряет в поэтическую ткань рисуночное письмо, включает в произведения элементы морского языка, используемого на флоте, тем самым двигаясь в сторону постмедиальности. В 2010-е годы Ерёмин предваряет свои стихотворения интермедиальными эпиграфами. Этот жест автора является новаторским приемом в российском контексте и не дублирует существовавшие ранее практики футуристов, трансфуристов и концептуалистов. Применение интермедиальных эпиграфов продолжает эксперимент Ерёмина по созданию многоязычного поэтического произведения и универсального поэтического языка.

Mikhail Yeryomin experiments in the genre of ekphrasis, he integrates picture writing into the tissue of a poem, he engages names of maritime signal flags used to communicate with ships, and hence he converts his poems to the post-medium condition. In 2010s, Yeryomin prefaces his poems with the intermedia epigraphs. This author’s gesture is an innovative method in the Russian context and doesn’t copy the previously existing artistical devices by futurists, transfurists, and conceptualists. Using of the intermedia epigraphs is the expansion of the Yeryomin’s experiment aimed at creating polylingual poetical works and universal poetic language.
От Союза Советских Республик к Союзу советских писателей: институциональные коллизии производства пролетарской литературы 1920—1930-х годов
Authors: Московская Д.
Published: January 2025

Образование Союза советских писателей произошло спустя двенадцать лет после создания Союза Советских Республик, что было обусловлено не прекратившейся в годы нэпа и первой пятилетки классовой борьбой в поле культуры. Победивший класс оставался культурно неразвитым и не мог претендовать на гегемонию в литературном процессе. Попытка объединения социально разных писательских групп пришлась на 1927 год, когда была образована Федерация объединений советских писателей. Начиная с 1924 года по 1928 год Всероссийская ассоциация также пытается объединить пролетарские республиканские ассоциации под своей эгидой. И хотя формально в 1928 году ее усилия увенчались успехом и была создана Всесоюзная ассоциация, этот результат не был нужен ЦК. Причины такой незаинтересованности коренятся в запросе на новую гетерономность литературного поля, появившуюся в годы первой пятилетки, достижение которой стало возможно после роспуска всех литературных группировок и создания в 1934 году по указке партии Союза советских писателей.

The formation of the Union of Soviet Writers took place twelve years after the Union of Soviet Republics, which was due to the class struggle in the field of culture that had not ceased during the years of the NEP and the first Five Year Plan. The victorious class remained culturally underdeveloped and could not lay claim to hegemony in the literary process. An attempt to unite the socially diverse writer’s groups was made in 1927, when the Federation of Soviet Writers’ Associations was formed. From 1924 to 1928, the All-Russian Association attempted to unite proletarian republican associations under its aegis. Although formally these efforts succeeded in 1928 and the All-Union Association was established, this result was not needed by the Central Committee. The reasons for this lack of interest were rooted in the demand for a new heteronomy of the literary field, which emerged during the years of the first Five Year Plan, the achievement of which became possible after the dissolution of all literary groupings and the creation, at the behest of the Party, of the Union of Soviet Writers in 1934.
Писательская бригада в Туркменистане 1930-х годов: от путешествия к производству литературы
Authors: Бурцева А.
Published: January 2025

В 1930-е годы формой коллективного литературного производства в СССР стали бригадные поездки. Поездка в Туркменистан — один из случаев, когда советская литературная политика находилась в сложных отношениях с национальной. Публикации в местной прессе позволяют выявить, как воспринимались подобные проекты и какие задачи перед ними ставились. Производство литературного материала в этом случае предполагает следование интересам московского центра, однако значимой оказывается и роль периферии. Производство литературы о периферии и литературы на периферии предполагает не зависимые, а скорее двусторонние отношения, а коллективный творческий результат становится их частью.

In the 1930s, brigade journeys were a form of collective literary production in USSR. A journey to Turkmenistan is one of the cases when literary policy was complexly connected with national policy. Publications in local press provide information on the reception of such projects and their goals. The production of literary material suggests in this case following the interests of the center, but the periphery also presents itself. The production of literature about periphery and literature in the periphery is mediated not only by dependent relationship, but also mutual, and the collective result is a part of this process.
Письма после поля: советские исследователи, нганасанские корреспонденты и (со)производство антропологического знания в реципрокном диалоге
Authors: Момзикова М.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматриваются переписка и поддержание отношений между нганасанами и приезжавшими на Таймыр исследователями культуры и языка в 1930—1960-е годы как реципрокный диалог. Используя архивные и опубликованные материалы, автор показывает, как этнографическое и лингвистическое знание появлялось в постоянном диалоге между представителями советского просвещения и науки с их «информантами» в поле и переписке. Эти профессионально-дружеские отношения сопровождались реципрокным обменом не только знанием, но и вещами, а также передачей денег. Письма, как форма коммуникации, требующая ответа от адресата, обеспечивали продолжение этого реципрокного обмена и после окончания полевой работы. Будучи частью советской социальной и политической действительности, этот обмен письмами превращался не только в сопроизводство антропологического знания, но и в инструмент политического просвещения и интеграции представителей локальных сообществ в советские политические институты.

The article examines the correspondence between Nganasans and visiting Taimyr researchers of culture and language in the 1930s and 1960s as a “reciprocal dialogue”. Using archival and published materials, the study illustrates how ethnographic and linguistic knowledge emerged through ongoing dialogue between researchers and their “informants,” both in the field and through correspondence. These professional and friendly relationships involved a reciprocal exchange not only of knowledge but also of goods and even money. Letters, as a form of communication requiring a response from the recipient, ensured the continuation of this exchange after the conclusion of fieldwork. Within the context of Soviet social and political reality, this correspondence became not only a co-production of anthropological knowledge but an instrument of political education and facilitated the integration of addressees from local community representatives into Soviet political institutions.
As contribuições da cultura maker para o Laboratório de Educação Matemática
Authors: Santo Marcella Suarez Di , Machado Luiz Fernando Ferreira
Published: January 2025

Neste artigo, apresentamos a cultura maker como metodologia para uma abordagem da educação matemática, passando pela formação inicial de professores e sua inserção na escolas. A partir do incentivo à inovação e criatividade trazida pela cultura maker, acredita-se que a educação matemática pode obter benefícios com esta abordagem e se potencializar como espaço de formação, colaboração, inovação e criatividade para além da lógica da transmissão de conhecimentos prontos. A partir de levantamento bibliográfico e documental, apresentamos estudos recentes sobre a educação maker, a Educação Matemática e os Laboratórios de Educação Matemática na formação de professores. Concluímos que este campo ainda tem muito a se desenvolver e os Laboratórios de Educação Matemática, enquanto lócus da pesquisa, experimentação e reflexão sobre os processos de ensino-aprendizagem de matemática, podem ser fortalecidos pelas premissas da cultura maker. Compreende-se, também, que a base para a transformação da matemática nas escolas está atrelada a investimentos na formação inicial e continuada de professores.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION AMONG NURSES
Authors: NASIR D , SADDIQUE H , TASNEEM SS
Published: January 2025

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical life-saving skill that significantly impacts patient outcomes during cardiac emergencies. Nurses, being at the forefront of emergency care, play a vital role in performing CPR effectively. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nurses regarding CPR in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 124 nurses working in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and emergency departments of a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected using a structured, pre-validated questionnaire consisting of demographic information, knowledge assessment, attitudes, and practices related to CPR. Statistical analysis, including descriptive and inferential methods, was performed using SPSS version 26. Results: The study revealed that 97.1% of nurses had received CPR training, and all participants acknowledged its importance in supporting breathing and circulation. However, knowledge gaps were identified in specific areas, such as correct compression depth and timing of pulse checks. Positive attitudes toward CPR were evident, with 54.3% agreeing that mouth-to-mouth ventilation should be performed if no mask is available. Despite this, only 36.7% of nurses consistently maintained proper patient positioning during CPR, and 57.1% did not adhere to head-tilting protocols. Education and experience were significantly associated with better knowledge and practices (p < 0.05). Conclusion: While nurses demonstrated adequate knowledge and positive attitudes toward CPR, significant gaps in specific practices were identified. Targeted training programs, regular competency assessments, and policy reforms are essential to enhance nursing competencies and ensure effective CPR performance, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
NURSING STUDENTS KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS VITAL SIGN MONITORING DURING CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: HANIF M , SADDIQUE H , TASNEEM S
Published: January 2025

Vital sign monitoring is a fundamental nursing skill critical for early identification of clinical deterioration and effective patient management. However, gaps in knowledge and inconsistent practices among nursing students can compromise patient safety. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nursing students regarding vital sign monitoring in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 nursing students enrolled in Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) and Post Registered Nurse (Post RN) programs. Data were collected using a structured, prevalidated questionnaire covering demographic details, knowledge, and attitudes related to vital sign monitoring. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, with descriptive and inferential statistics employed to summarize findings and identify associations. Results: The study revealed moderate knowledge levels among participants, with 58.6% able to relate vital signs to pathophysiology. However, 53.4% reported limited knowledge in interpreting vital sign changes. Attitudes were generally positive, with 45.1% relying on standard respiratory rate ranges when SpO2 levels were normal. Practical gaps were noted, including reliance on technology rather than manual monitoring. Education and experience significantly influenced knowledge and attitudes (p < 0.05).Conclusion: While nursing students demonstrated moderate knowledge and positive attitudes, critical gaps in practices and specific knowledge areas were identified. Enhanced training programs, simulation-based learning, and regular competency assessments are essential to improve vital sign monitoring skills among nursing students, ensuring better patient safety outcomes.
The Lawyer’s Profession in a Digital World
Authors: Van Gerven Dirk
Published: January 2025

Dirk Van Gerven explores the use of software tools in legal work, highlighting the importance of human oversight to ensure accuracy and avoid legal liabilities. Dirk addresses professional codes of conduct in the digital age, focusing on confidentiality and ethical standards in lawyer-client communications. He also examines the concept of digital legal entities and the
potential role of artificial intelligence in legal proceedings and makes us wonder about whether the future will be one in which there are digital clients and digital lawyers. Dirk concludes by advocating for modernization. He points out the obligation of the state to update the judicial system, but also emphasizes the need for lawyers to embrace digital literacy and continued education necessary to navigate the evolving landscape of the legal profession in the digital era.
Metaverse Reality vs Natural Reality.: The Impact of the Type of Reality on Legal Concepts
Authors: Leaua Crenguta
Published: January 2025

Crenguta Leaua focuses on the transformative impact of the metaverse on our understanding of (the legal) reality and its implications for the diverse array of metaverse ‘protagonists’, including creators, avatars, and observers. She highlights the necessity of adapting our legal frameworks to accommodate this complex digital reality, currently still operating under a hybrid of laws rooted in the natural world, but which diverges significantly from its physical counterpart. Crenguta also delves into the multifaceted identities and roles of humans and players (some of which are AI-based) within the metaverse, probing how these dynamics challenge traditional arbitration laws. Furthermore, she examines how the coexistence of the physical world alongside the metaverse, as well as the presence of multiple sub-realities within it, disrupt conventional legal paradigms. This chapter underscores the imperative of embracing and navigating the complexities of the metaverse within our evolving legal landscape and advocates for a nuanced, multidimensional approach to legal thinking.
Conflict of Jurisdiction: Criteria for Assessing Jurisdiction in the Context of Cross-Border Emerging Digital Asset Disputes
Authors: Apostol Mihaela
Published: January 2025

Mihaela Apostol delves into another aspect of Private International Law, examining the challenges of determining jurisdiction in cross-border disputes involving digital assets. Defining digital assets broadly, including cryptocurrencies and virtual land, she further highlights the escalating frequency of such disputes. She also reflects on the evolving legal landscape through an analysis of various court cases from different legal systems, focusing on common issues like tort matters, regulatory issues, and contractual disputes. These cases are meant to illustrate the clash between the territorial nature of courts’ jurisdiction and the inherently delocalized nature of digital assets presenting a series of legal questions, including on jurisdiction ratione materiae, personae, and loci. Mihaela advocates for clearer, harmonized legal frameworks, to address jurisdictional challenges in digital asset disputes, highlighting ongoing initiatives like the Law Commission of England and Wales’ research paper on digital assets and conflict of laws, and discussing the role of soft law citing the UNIDROIT Principles on Digital Assets on Private Law 2023 as a notable example.
Good Governance Principles for Law Firms Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Lejniece Aija
Published: January 2025

Aija Lejniece offers a clear and practical roadmap for law firms to effectively manage the growing role of AI in their operations. She not only outlines how firms should structure this integration but also introduces nine concrete AI governance principles for firms to adhere to. Aija places these principles in the context of current regulatory frameworks and explicitly references this backdrop, providing a strong foundation for responsible AI use and countering the dystopian concerns some have raised – with a nod to Asimov’s laws. She further examines how existing ethical standards address the professional use of AI by lawyers, offering thoughtful insights into the ethical challenges involved. Her proposals for good governance are both practical and actionable, grounded in the latest developments and regulatory initiatives.
EU Law on Public Finance Rules
Authors: Szegedi László , Teleki Bálint
Published: January 2025

This chapter discusses the public finances of the European Union (EU). The first subchapter covers the history of the EU public finances, examining the basic regulatory framework pursuant to the Maastricht Treaty and the Stability and Growth Pact and analysing in detail the connection with the 2008 crisis and its aftermath. The most important developments in the control over EU public finances are also discussed in this subchapter. The second subchapter introduces a critical approach to the current framework of the EU public finances, exploring the impact of the Stability and Growth Pact and its reforms, and discussing the possibility of the establishment of an Economic and Monetary Union 2.0 from multiple perspectives. The third subchapter focuses on contemporary challenges, in particular the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts, as well as the effects of climate change and digitalisation on EU public finances.
Hungary: Doomed to Victory
Authors: Kecső Gábor
Published: January 2025

This chapter focuses on the Hungarian state aid law and policy and its recent challenges. It also covers the historical view, economic aspects, and basic statistics while providing an overview of the domestic applicable law, fully considering the fact that the other chapters are devoted to the EU law on state aid policy and taxation matters. State aid may produce contradictory effects. On the one hand, it can restore market efficiency, while on the other, it can adversely intervene in the market mechanisms. Furthermore, political goals can be channelled through governmental subsidies. Without geographical and sectoral analyses of the economy, the question of the state aid’s raison d’être cannot be answered. In Hungary, domestic state aid law is merged with the EU law; hence, sovereign state aid policy cannot be pursued. This process started even before the country’s accession to the EU. Aid measures under the general block exemption comprised the largest part of the spending between 2011 and 2021. Notified aid was the other important element in this period. In the last couple of years, the ratio changed; notified aid overtook general block exemption in terms of estimated value. Many large investments were financed through state aid between 2014 and 2022 in Hungary. Hungarian state aid institutions have thus proven their practical efficiency. The country was successful in addressing the impact of COVID-19 and the Russo-Ukrainian War through the provision of state aid. National tax sovereignty was not subordinated to the state aid law of the EU in the judgements related to Hungary in the CJEU. Some room for manoeuvre is preserved in its tax policy, especially in applying progressive tax rates on turnover, even if the multinational companies bear a higher burden of taxes than their domestic competitors. When the crises blow over, Hungary is keen on maintaining effective prohibition of state aid in the EU and making the most successful use of exceptions to the main rule. The country’s near future is determined by how it will use the Recovery and Resilience Facility.
Poland: State Aid in the Shadow of Retail Sales Tax
Authors: Mikos-Sitek Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

The issue of admissibility of state aid and the rules of its application by Member States of the European Union has become, in recent years, an issue of particular importance in preventing distortion of competition in the internal market, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing economic crisis. Regulating this issue has proved inadequate both at the level of the EU and at the level of national legislation, thus requiring analyses under new conditions and considering completely different needs of practice. The need to mitigate the negative effects of the economic crisis and to cater to a greater demand for various forms of public support, individual states demonstrated considerable legislative activity in this area and applied various solutions. In Poland, differentiated measures of state aid provided for in the scope of individual sections of the Temporary Framework were used in practice considering the size of the economic activity and its specificity. Although Poland encountered some problems in the performance of tasks in this area under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, in interpreting provisions concerning fundamental issues in the application of the Temporary Framework and EU regulations, it should be noted that both in terms of the amounts allocated to public aid, the number of its beneficiaries, and the variety of solutions and benefits introduced, the activity of the state, also in terms of notifying the European Commission of its own aid programmes, was significant.
Slovenia: The Subsidy Policy Embedded in the Legal Environment of the EU : The Case of Slovenia
Authors: Bratina Borut , Bohinc Rado
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the intricate relationship between state aid regulation and the sovereignty of the European Union (EU) Member States. The study is based on Art. 3 paras. (3) and (4) of the Treaty on the European Union (TEU), emphasising the EU’s commitment to establishing an internal market and economic union. While the internal market aims for a highly competitive social market economy, economic and social disparities among Member States necessitate establishing coordinated economic policies. Alongside the discussion on the system governing the protection of competition in the EU’s internal market, that is, EU competition law, the chapter also discusses state aid, considered a potential restraint on competition, and other actions like cartel agreements and abuse of dominance. The study argues that state aid, while generally undesirable in a market economy, may be a tool to prevent unwanted outcomes and achieve non-economic objectives. In examining EU competences, the study focuses on the exclusive competence of the EU in determining competition rules for the internal market, as outlined in Art. 3 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The unique supranational state aid control system significantly constrains Member States in economic, financial, environmental, and regional policy decisions. Notably, the chapter expands its scope to scrutinise Slovenian state aid law, especially in times of crisis. It explores the dynamics of state aid regulations during challenging economic periods (the COVID-19 pandemic and the war on Ukraine), shedding light on how Member States navigate the delicate balance between national interests and EU regulations. Using Slovenia as a case study, the chapter highlights the country’s constitutional amendments before joining the EU, underscoring how the delegation of the exercise of specific rights to the EU aligns with the principles of EU law.
Croatia: EU-Driven Reforms as a Wind of Change in the Public Finance Legal Framework
Authors: Kovačević Nataša Žunić , Pisačić Viktorija
Published: January 2025

The legal framework of public finance in Croatia has been under the significant influence of fiscal integration within the European Union (EU). A prerequisite for analysing the impact of EU law on national fiscal governance is a prior understanding of the national fiscal framework; thus, the introductory section of this chapter presents an overview of the legal sources relevant to public finance. Special emphasis is placed on the constitutional and statutory provisions related to the budgetary process, highlighting the Croatian Parliament’s authority in adopting the central budget. In the following section, the chapter offers an overview of the constitutional foundations of fiscal federalism in Croatia. As the fiscal architecture at the subnational level is based on the two-tiered system of local self-government and regional units, this section presents the most important aspects of subnational fiscal sovereignty, remarking on the influence of EU law on fiscal decentralisation in Croatia. Thereafter, the next section explores the regulation of public debt and the tools for effective fiscal policy. Finally, this chapter investigates the interplay between EU crisis management and its implications for Croatian fiscal governance.
Croatia: Global and European Influence on Procedural Tax Provisions
Authors: Kovačević Nataša Žunić
Published: January 2025

After short introduction on the impact of European and global recent changes on the development of Croatian tax law it is given a survey on the issue of the concept of tax sovereignty in Croatia. Special part of the paper is the section that confirms influence and the importance of the tax harmonization at the EU level for national legislative amendments and reforms. The obvious field of such influence is revised in section on anti-tax avoidance framework with examined national tax policy in the area of tackling tax avoidance and fraud. Special focus is given on the implementation and evaluation of Union measures in the field of anti-tax-avoidance in Croatia, since the EU policing tax avoidance has special dimension for MS. Information exchange and mandatory disclosure rules as tools for fighting tax avoidance and fraud are fields that are shown as example of the influence of tax policy approach addressing the issues of tax transparency and fighting tax evasion. Peculiarities in the domestic legislation as rules that apply in addition to EU law are in a brief analysed in paper, such as the introduced piercing the corporate veil for tax purposes. It was an instrument for preventing tax avoidance. It is concluded that Croatian tax legislation landscape would undeniably benefit from further improvements, especially regarding tax procedure, and improvements from the European and international level. Croatian tax system in the last decades have been linked with the inputs and advice of foreign experts so it is underlined that Croatian, as any tax system, should be adapted to country’s socio-economic specificities.
Poland: Public Finances Even More Complicated
Authors: Mikos-Sitek Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

The issue of public finance in Poland has been regulated on the grounds of numerous legal acts and considering various hierarchical levels of law sources. In relation to the financial management of both state and local government units, public finance has its essential foundations in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Recent events related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing economic crisis have resulted in a great deal of attention being paid to broader issues relating to public finance in Poland, including fiscal sustainability, public debt, and budget balance. This comprised activity in the field of new legislative solutions, as well as a different approach to the application of specific solutions in the practice of shaping and implementing the budget of the state and budget local government unit. The changes that were introduced were aimed at mitigating the economic consequences of the pandemic; however, it should be assumed that many of them will become a permanent feature of the legal order in Poland.
Slovakia: Neverending Story About Fiscal Responsibility
Authors: Štrkolec Miroslav
Published: January 2025

This chapter addresses the issue of budget management in Slovakia. The importance of this issue for the state is emphasised by the fact that the essential aspects constituting the foundations of public finances are directly regulated in the Constitution of the Slovak Republic. The Constitution regulates not only the basic rules for the creation and content of public budgets but also the powers of the supreme constitutional bodies in this field. An extremely important area of regulation is the prevention of excessive deficit and excessive state debt. For this purpose, significant constitutional changes took place in Slovakia, which led to the creation of a new constitutional body, the Council for Budget Responsibility. Similarly, responsible budget management is equally important at the local self-government level, where the legislation also establishes several brakes to prevent deficit budgeting and the indebtedness of self-government. In this chapter, we discuss these complex issues in detail and highlight the key aspects of Slovak legal regulation. At the end of the chapter, we deal with the current challenges for budget management in Slovakia, which are connected to the growing deficit and the associated need to find new sources of income for public budgets, as well as the reduction of public expenditures.
Analysis of the Method for Financial Investments for Small and Medium-sized Companies
Authors: Wang Yuxin
Published: January 2025

Due to the Internet gradually into people's lives, there are more investment ways that are gradually being discovered. Investment has become a difficulty for some small and medium-sized companies which face the investment delimma of high risks and lack of money. These enterprises need to use limited resources to handle profitable revenue and the stability of financial chain, so that reliable investing tools and methods should be utilized. Based on the background, The topic of this paper is investment tools for small and medium-sized exterprises and several different financial investment methods including capital preservation, investing in treasury bonds, participating in crowdfunding and cash flow management (internal investment). These method, different with those for large companies, are low-risked, low-fund required. This essay find out characteristics and drawbacks of small and medium-sized companies. Meanwhile, it concluded problems about investment of those SMEs and give several ways and suggestions to help them gain profit more efficiently.
Balancing Centralization, Diversification, & Sustainability: Venezuela's Economic Crisis & International Cooperation
Authors: Felix HAI Tsz Hin
Published: January 2025

Venezuela's economic crisis, characterized by hyperinflation, is due to its over-reliance on oil exports which has led to a lack of diversification in the economy. This made the country one of the most vulnerable to external shocks due to the fluctuations in global oil prices. The absence of variety has impacted creativity and business creation significantly, resulting in insufficient investment in different industries and a failure to cultivate a more varied economy. The nation's infrastructure has also been impacted, and it is experiencing frequent power cuts, a lack of water, and an ineffective healthcare system. Thus, it is suggested that Venezuela should decentralize and focus on developing industries like agriculture, manufacturing, and renewable energy to recover its economy from the crisis. Collaboration from the IMF and World Bank, along with partnerships among nearby countries, is essential for economic stabilization. A plan that includes decentralization, diversification, and international collaboration is the most promising approach for resolving Venezuela's economic crisis and promoting lasting stability.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi M–Commerce Berbasis Android untuk Pemesanan Jamu Lokal pada Kelompok Tani Prima Mandiri di Timor Tengah Utara Menggunakan Metode Waterfall
Authors: Yulsiani Sanam  , Yoseph P.K Kelen  , Krisantus J. Tey Seran  , Leonard Peter Gelu
Published: January 2025

The Prima Mandiri Farmers Group is a business that operates in the field of selling local herbal medicine, including noni herbal medicine, ginger herbal medicine, soursop herbal medicine, white turmeric herbal medicine and ginger herbal medicine. However, based on the results of observations and interviews with business owners, it was stated that the marketing and sales system used by the Prima Mandiri Farmers Group is currently still done manually, that is, buyers must come directly to the business premises to see the various kinds of products available. Of course, with this sales system it will take up consumers' time to obtain information easily and accurately. So, an Android-based application will be designed to help sellers promote products and make it easier for customers to order local herbal medicine based on Android. This M-Commerce application is named Jamlok Shop (Local Jamu Shop). The method used in building this application is the waterfall method, the name of this model is actually "Linear Sequential Model" where this describes a systematic and sequential or gradual approach, which must start from the initial design stage to the final stage. software development.
Dampak Disrupsi Teknologi terhadap Budaya Islami di Indonesia: Analisis melalui Framework Digital Quotient
Authors: Muhammad Rijal Bagus Hernanda  , Indri Sudanawati Rozas  , Wiwin Luqna Hunaida
Published: January 2025

This research aims to analyze the influence of digital intelligence on social interaction, especially in the context of Islamic culture in Indonesia in the era of technological disruption. This research uses a literature study method with a qualitative approach, where data is obtained from relevant literature, including journals, books and articles published between 2018 and 2023. Data collection was conducted through Google Scholar with keyword sorting techniques related to Indonesian culture and social interaction. The results show that the development of digital intelligence, especially in the aspect of digital communication, has a significant impact on people's social interactions. Although technology provides convenience in communication, it also contributes to the decline of the values of direct interaction that were previously an integral part of Islamic culture. In addition, new challenges arise in the form of the spread of false information that can affect social harmony. In conclusion, digital intelligence offers solutions for society to adapt to digital life.
Implementasi Algoritma Random Forest dan Model Bag of Words Dalam Analisis Sentimen Mengenai E-Materai
Authors: Fenilinas Adi Artanto
Published: January 2025

For CPNS registration in 2024, a digital stamp purchase method will be implemented via the website https://meterai-elektronik.com as a requirement for complete administration. However, the page that provides e-stamps experienced an error because many visitors entered and tried to buy e-stamps at the same time. This disruption has resulted in several people having opinions about e-stamps. To find out people's sentiments about e-stamps after this incident, sentiment analysis was carried out. In analyzing these sentiments, the Random Forest algorithm is used with the Bag of Words model, where Random Forest is a development method of Classification and Regression Trees (CART) which is said to be more precise in predicting and the Bag of Words model is widely used with good results for predicting language modeling and classification. documents because Bag of Words is simple and flexible. In sentiment analysis, 86% of neutral opinions were produced, 9% of negative opinions and 5% of positive opinions. Then the Random Forest algorithm with the Bag of Words model got an accuracy value of 70.1%, precision of 50.7%, recall of 54.1%, and F1-Score of 47.6%.
A Case Report: Nepafenac Eye Drops induced Unilateral Corneal Melt
Authors: Bhatt Riddhi , Gurjar Mayuri , Gor Alpa , Gajjar Bharat
Published: January 2025

This case report gives the details of a 46-year-old female, who developed a rare & severe side effect  unilateral left sided corneal melt with the use of Nepafenac 0.1% eyedrops, which had been chronically used in both the eyes by her for retinitis pigmentosa. Prolonged use of Nepafenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or the altered pH of the eyedrops can be the contributing factors for such severe side effect.
Effects of Yoganidra on Well-being of Trainee Teachers
Authors: Vaishnav Dr , Bharucha Dr , Vaishnav Dr , Vaishnav Dr , Varma Dr
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Educational interventions aimed at enhancing well-being are the need of the hour. Yoganidra has potential to enhance well-being through release of stress on physical, emotional and mental planes of consciousness through creation of an experiential state of deep relaxation through an inner awareness with simultaneous detachment. The study was done to analyze the effects of Yoganidra on various dimensions of well-being amongst trainee teachers.
Methodology: Trainee teachers participated in Yoganidra sessions over three months. Various aspects of well-being studied were 1) Perceived stress (using Visual Analogue Scale and Perceived Stress Scale), 2) Happiness (using Faces scale), 3) Overall quality of life (using Cantrils self-anchoring ladder) and 4) Psychological general well-being (using Psychological General Well Being Index-Short). An investigator designed tool was used additionally to capture certain deeper qualities of well-being hitherto not overtly measured in standard tools employed.
Results: Seventy-seven trainee teachers participated in the sessions over three months. Significant reduction in perceived stress scale score (p=0.005) along with improvement in happiness (p=0.0004), overall quality of life (p=0.039) and psychological general well-being (p=0.0003) was observed. There was statistically significant improvement in the qualities of enthusiasm (p=0.04), quietude (p=0.0008), mental stability (p=0.004), happiness (p=0.02) and feeling inspired (p=0.03).
Conclusion: Yoganidra practice brings about reduction in perceived stress, while enhancing emotional and cognitive dimensions of well-being such as happiness, psychological general well-being, overall quality of life, enthusiasm, quietude and stability. It can be considered as a useful tool for enhancing well-being.
Improper use of Sunroof in cars and its dangerous consequences
Authors: Sharma Deepak
Published: January 2025

Advancement in any field should not compromise with the safety to human beings, other living beings and the environment. In automobile industry, advancement is very fast and is more of competitive nature. The sun roof as a technology in cars is good; but carries a substantial risk also, particularly owing to the behavior of the occupants. Standing out from the sun roof is a very risky behavior and should not be practiced as it can be lethal or can cause severe injury and may lead to permanent disfigurement or crippling injuries depending on the involvement and extent of injury.
Lipemic serum with Dyslipidemia in a 9-year-old girl with new-onset Type-1 DM presenting as Diabetic ketoacidosis: A Case report.
Authors: SHAH JAY , PATEL AJA , THACKER JIGAR , NIMBALKAR SOMASHEKHAR
Published: January 2025

Diabetic ketoacidosis associated lipemia is a rare and under-reported entity in children. Here, we discuss a young girl who presented with DKA and had a milky white plasma appearance. Due to severe hyperlipidemia, both serum & blood investigations were not processed in the initial few days. The treating team had to rely upon serial arterial blood gas and blood sugar for management. Later on, on day 5 of admission lipid profile showed hyperlipidemia. We emphasize that clinicians should remain aware of dyslipidemia with diabetic ketoacidosis and diabetic children with poor glucose control. It also should be kept in mind that blood measurements can be inaccurate in hyperlipidemic conditions; thus, stimulating the laboratory in the presence of hyperlipidemia may require a second measurement.
Bullous fixed drug reaction due to diclofenac  A case report
Authors: NAIR PRAGYA , Tandel Jinal
Published: January 2025

Fixed drug reactions are commonly seen in day to day dermatological practice . It is a clini-cal condition occurring at the same site or sites each time when the drug is administered leaving behind post inflammatory hyperpigmentation.Bullous variant of fixed drug reaction is uncommon that too with Diclofenac which is one of the most commonly prescribed NSAIDs by the physicians.A case of bullous fixed drug reaction after taking diclofenac is presented here which is considered to be one of the safe drug
Central corneal thickness Correlation with effective phaco time in Phacoemulsification surgery at a tertiary care hospital of Gujarat, INDIA.
Authors: Bhavsar Samir , sisodiya sonal , KSHATRIYA ESHA
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To determine the correlation between central corneal thickness (CCT) and estimated phaco time (EPT) in phacoemulsification of study participants.
Study design: Prospective study.
Place and duration of study: Shree Krishna hospital, Karamsad-Anand, Gujarat, India. From May 2020 to June 2021.
Methodology: 81 patients who had undergone uneventful surgery were included in study, Patients with previous ocular surgery, ocular trauma, Glaucoma, Uveitis, Contact lens wear and long-term use of ocular medication were excluded. Preoperative CCT was measured by anterior segment optical coherence test(AS-OCT) before extraction of cataract with phacoemulsification and then repeated on first post-operative day and then at one week, 2week and one month.
Results: Preoperative mean central corneal thickness increased by 15.8% on first post-operative day. It reduced to 4.25% on seventh post-operative day. It further reduced to 1.76% on 14th post-operative day and almost to preoperative values (0.20% difference) on day 30. In our study we had used median test to compare median estimated phaco time across corneal thickness score levels and noticed that central corneal thickness was significantly higher on 1st postoperative day specially in those where mean phaco time used was higher (p value<0.001). However, no significant difference was noted from 7th postoperative day onwards thus most of the patients had stable central corneal thickness by that time (p value=0.367).
Conclusion: CCT has a positive correlation with EPT . Though CCT returned to almost preoperative values on 30th postoperative day , most of patients had stable CCT by 7th post-operative day.
An etiological profile of children with short stature: A Tertiary care hospital-based study from Central Gujarat.
Authors: Goklani Dr , Tandon Dr , Patel Dr , Pankhaniya Dr , Tandon Dr , Patil Mr
Published: January 2025

Background: Short stature is one of the quite common Pediatric conditions coming in Pediatric OPD and Ward, which affects around 5-13% of children in India. There have been multiple studies across the world and in India regarding its prevalence and etiological profile. We did this study as not many rural children population data are available of short stature in India.
Methods: From October 2019 to September 2020 (12 months), 1932 children screened who visited Pediatric OPD and/or got admitted to the Pediatric ward by taking height or length and by comparing to standard growth charts as per their age and sex. We studied a total of 69 patients whose parents consented. We recorded pertinent details and analyzed data.
Results: After screening of 1932 children, we enrolled 249 children whose height/length was found less than the 3rd percentile, and 69 were analyzed whose parents consented including primary workup. We found 12.88% patients with short stature and the median (IQR) of age in months was 38(18-123) among 69 children (39 boys and 30 girls). Of them, 13(18.8%) children were diagnosed with familial short stature and 3(4.3%) had constitutional growth delay. Among pathological causes, nutritional causes were attributed total of 21 children (30.4%). In genetic syndrome down syndrome was the most common, and hypothyroidism was the leading endocrinal cause. (4 out of 7).
Conclusion: We concluded that the proportion of short stature is 12.88% in our central Gujarat region. Nutritional and systemic diseases were among the common causes in our study population whereas normal variant was next to it.
Development, validation and reliability study of a semi structured questionnaire to measure Job satisfaction in medical officers at PHC
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Patel Rakesh
Published: January 2025

Background: Job satisfaction is a very important aspect. A specific questionnaire that measures the construct of interest may not be readily available. Job satisfaction is a complex phenomenon and is affected by many direct and indirect factors. A questionnaire measuring job satisfaction in PHC medical officers in India is not available. So, it was thought to develop a new questionnaire that may correctly elicit the job satisfaction of PHC medical officers.
Aim and Objectives: The current manuscript is eliciting the process of development of a questionnaire, validation study, reliability, and factor analysis.
Materials and Methodology: A questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire was given to 50 medical officers of PHCs in a district-level meeting. It was completely revised and assessed for validity and reliability along with factor analysis.
Results: The questionnaire was prepared and 3 different parts were identified along with four constructs in job satisfaction. Reliability analysis was done and Cronbach’s alpha was found to be 0.709. Different forms of validity testing were done. Quantitative estimation of validity was done by calculating the content validity ratio and content validity index average and universal agreement.
Conclusion: A new questionnaire suiting to the focal needs to be developed when a special situation is to be studied and the same has to be validated. On a wider scale, this questionnaire can be used to measure the job satisfaction of PHC medical officers, to get more details about the validity and reliability.