bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tin Oxide-Graphene Oxide (SnO2/GO) Nanocomposite: A Promising Photocatalyst for Rhodamine-B Dye Degradation
Authors: Kamalam M. Beaula Ruby , Menaka J. , Inbanathan S. S. R. , Sethuraman K. , Shahid A. , Fouad Hassan , Hussain S.
Published: July 2023

Appropriate wastewater treatment methods for effectual and practical decontamination of wastewater bodies is the prime goal of today’s environmentalists and industrialists. Herein, sunlight driven photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine-B (RhB) has been investigated by employing
hydrothermally synthesized tin oxide-graphene oxide (SnO2/GO) nanocomposite. Physiochemical characterization of composite has been accomplished via X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL).
Photocatalytic degradation of RhB is studied using UV light and spectrophotometer. SnO2-GO nanocomposite degraded the RhB dye in 120 min comparatively in quite lesser time than separate SnO2 and GO degradation performances. The incorporation of GO into SnO2
decreases the rate of electron–hole recombination, increases the oxidation of carriers as well as the rate of carrier separation owing to the synergistic impact of GO and SnO2. Therefore, an affordable graphene oxide supported SnO2 nanocomposite can be implicated
as efficacious real wastewater treatment method at industrial scale.
3D-Laparoscopic transperitoneal pyelolithotomy in a rare case of pelvic cake kidney: case report and review of literature
Authors: Kapoor Ketan K. , Kumar Anup
Published: July 2023

Background

Bilateral ectopic pelvic kidneys are rarely observed, and cake form of fusion is a relatively distinct anomaly. With the presence of aberrant vasculature and risk of injuring surrounding viscera, conventional treatment of symptomatic calculi with percutaneous and retrograde approaches, become challenging for the urologist. 3D Laparoscopic approach is safe, reduces patient morbidity and avoids open surgery.

Case presentation

We herein report a case of 44-year-old female with symptomatic calculi in a pelvic cake kidney, which was adequately managed by 3D laparoscopic transperitoneal pyelolithotomy. Preoperatively, CT imaging and fluoroscopy were performed. The surgery lasted for 156 min, and complete stone clearance was achieved. Postoperative course was uneventful, and patient was discharged in 72 h.

Conclusions

3D Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy is an acceptable and efficient treatment modality for symptomatic calculi in ectopic fused pelvic kidneys with a malrotated orientation.
Persistent high levels of carcinoembryonic antigen after tumor resection are associated with poorer survival outcomes in patients with resected colon cancer
Authors: Muñoz-Montaño Wendy R. , López-Basave Horacio N. , Castillo-Morales Alison , Castillo-Morales Carolina , Sánchez-Trejo Karen , Catalán Rodrigo , Díaz-Romero Consuelo , Lino-Silva Leonardo S. , Maliachi-Díaz Andrea , Ruiz-García Erika , Herrera-Martínez Marytere , Calderillo-Ruíz German
Published: July 2023

Background

Interindividual survival and recurrence rates in cases of locoregional colon cancer following surgical resection are highly variable. The aim of the present study was to determine whether elevated pre-operative and post-operative CEA values are useful prognostic biomarkers for patients with stage I-III colon cancer who underwent surgery with curative intent.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study in patients with histologically confirmed stage I-III primary colonic adenocarcinoma who underwent radical surgical resection at Mexico’s National Cancer Institute, between January 2008 and January 2020. We determined pre-operative and post-operative CEA and analyzed the association of scores with poorer survival outcomes in patients with resected colon cancer, considering overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

Results

We included 640 patients with stage I-III colon cancer. Pre-operative CEA levels were in the normal range in 460 patients (group A) and above the reference value in the other 180. Of the latter, 134 presented normalized CEA levels after surgery, but 46 (group C) continued to show CEA levels above the reference values after surgery. Therefore, propensity score matching (PSM) was carried out to reduce the bias. Patients were adjusted at a 1:1:1 ratio with 46 in each group, to match the number in the smallest group. Median follow- up was 46.4 months (range, 4.9–147.4 months). Median DFS was significantly shorter in Group C: 55.5 months (95% CI 39.6–71.3) than in the other two groups [Group A: 77.1 months (95% CI 72.6–81.6). Group B: 75.7 months (95% CI 66.8–84.5) (p-value < 0.001)]. Overall survival was also significantly worse in group C [57.1 (95% CI 37.8–76.3) months] than in group A [82.8 (95% CI 78.6–86.9 months] and group B [87.1 (95% CI 79.6–94.5 months] (p-value = 0.002). To identify whether change in CEA levels operative and post-surgery was an independent prognostic factor for survival outcomes, a Cox proportional hazard model was applied. In multivariate analysis, change in CEA level was a statistically significant, independent prognostic factor for overall survival (p-value = 0.031).

Conclusions

When assessed collectively, pre-operative and post-operative CEA values are useful biomarkers for predicting survival outcomes in patients with resected colon cancer. Prognoses are worse for patients with elevated pre-operative and post-surgical CEA values, but similar in patients with normal post-surgical values, regardless of their pre-surgery values.
‘A Different Ball Game’: Adaptation of a men’s health program for implementation in rural Australia
Authors: McDonald Matthew D. , Hunt Kate , Moullin Joanna , Kerr Deborah , Ntoumanis Nikos , Quested Eleanor
Published: July 2023

Background

Men residing in rural areas are less likely to participate in weight management interventions than women, and few men-specific programs target rural areas. Aussie-Fans in Training (Aussie-FIT) is an evidence-based weight management intervention that uses professional Australian Football club affiliations and settings as a ‘hook’ to engage urban-residing men. The aim of this study is to report on how findings from rural stakeholder focus groups were used to inform the adaptation of Aussie-FIT for implementation in rural areas.

Methods

Seven focus groups with stakeholders (n = 24) in three rural towns explored existing weight management and physical activity provisions, barriers and facilitators to engaging men, and considerations for adapting Aussie-FIT for implementation in rural contexts. Qualitative data were analysed using the framework approach. Adaptations made to the Aussie-FIT program and strategies to implement the program in rural contexts were reported using a structured framework.

Results

Themes generated from our analysis include limited appealing services for men, Australian Football as a ‘common language’, the influence of the ‘smaller fishpond’(population), considerations for program inclusivity, and the importance of local partner organisations for sustainability. We adapted the recruitment and marketing strategies, delivery settings, football program theme and partnerships for rural implementation. Stakeholders advised that an Australian Football program theme without specific local club affiliations would be important to avoid alienating men with differing club allegiances or non-sporting backgrounds. A multi-component recruitment strategy utilising local trusted sources, and program marketing that aligns with masculine ideals were considered important by stakeholders in small communities where ‘people talk’.

Conclusions

Rural areas were described as ‘a different ball game’ due to limited local services and resources in comparison to metropolitan areas. Study findings have synergies with previous studies undertaken in rural contexts including in relation to the power of word of mouth, the importance of trust, and local partner organisations. Findings have implications for engaging rural men in health interventions in rural contexts where professional sporting contexts are not available. Assessing the extent to which the adapted Aussie-FIT program can reach and engage men in rural Australia, and exploring the barriers and facilitators to delivering the program in rural contexts is required.
Causal effects of COVID-19 on structural changes in specific brain regions: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhou Shaojiong , Wei Tao , Liu Xiaoduo , Liu Yufei , Song Weiyi , Que Xinwei , Xing Yi , Wang Zhibin , Tang Yi
Published: July 2023

Background

Previous studies have found a correlation between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and changes in brain structure and cognitive function, but it remains unclear whether COVID-19 causes brain structural changes and which specific brain regions are affected. Herein, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate this causal relationship and to identify specific brain regions vulnerable to COVID-19.

Methods

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for COVID-19 phenotypes (28,900 COVID-19 cases and 3,251,161 controls) were selected as exposures, and GWAS data for brain structural traits (cortical thickness and surface area from 51,665 participants and volume of subcortical structures from 30,717 participants) were selected as outcomes. Inverse-variance weighted method was used as the main estimate method. The weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO global test, and Cochran’s Q statistic were used to detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy.

Results

The genetically predicted COVID-19 infection phenotype was nominally associated with reduced cortical thickness in the caudal middle frontal gyrus (β = − 0.0044, p = 0.0412). The hospitalized COVID-19 phenotype was nominally associated with reduced cortical thickness in the lateral orbitofrontal gyrus (β = − 0.0049, p = 0.0328) and rostral middle frontal gyrus (β = − 0.0022, p = 0.0032) as well as with reduced cortical surface area of the middle temporal gyrus (β = − 10.8855, p = 0.0266). These causal relationships were also identified in the severe COVID-19 phenotype. Additionally, the severe COVID-19 phenotype was nominally associated with reduced cortical thickness in the cuneus (β = − 0.0024, p = 0.0168); reduced cortical surface area of the pericalcarine (β = − 2.6628, p = 0.0492), superior parietal gyrus (β = − 5.6310, p = 0.0408), and parahippocampal gyrus (β = − 0.1473, p = 0.0297); and reduced volume in the hippocampus (β = − 15.9130, p = 0.0024).

Conclusions

Our study indicates a suggestively significant association between genetic predisposition to COVID-19 and atrophy in specific functional regions of the human brain. Patients with COVID-19 and cognitive impairment should be actively managed to alleviate neurocognitive symptoms and minimize long-term effects.
Risk factors for low oocyte retrieval in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization
Authors: Jin Hao , Yang Haiyan , Zheng Jiujia , Zhou Jiechun , Yu Rong
Published: July 2023

Background

The number of oocytes retrieved does not always coincide with the number of follicles aspirated in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment. Patients with high expectation of retrieval sometimes obtain few oocytes, which may be induced by improper operation or therapeutic factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution data of oocyte retrieval rate (ORR) and to explore the risk factors for low ORR in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing IVF/ICSI.

Methods

A total of 2478 patients with PCOS undergoing IVF/ICSI were involved in this retrospective case-control study from March 2016 to October 2021. The oocyte retrieval rate was calculated as the ratio of the number of obtained oocytes to the number of follicles (≥ 12 mm) on the trigger day. Patients were divided into a low ORR and a normal ORR group with the boundary of one standard deviation from the mean value of ORR. The patient characteristics, treatment protocols, serum hormone levels, and embryonic and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.

Results

The ORR exhibited a non-normal distribution, with a median of 0.818. The incidence of complete empty follicle syndrome was 0.12% (3/2478). The proportion of patients in the low ORR group who received the progestin-primed protocol was significantly higher than that in the normal ORR group (30.30% vs. 17.69%). A logistic regression analysis showed that the serum estradiol level/follicle (≥ 12 mm) ratio (OR: 0.600 (0.545–0.661)) and progesterone level (OR: 0.783 (0.720–0.853)) on the trigger day were significant factors in the development of a low ORR, with optimal cutoff values of 172.85 pg/ml and 0.83 ng/ml, respectively, as determined by receiver operating curve. Fewer high-quality embryos (2 vs. 5) and more cycles with no available embryos (5.42% vs. 0.43%) were found in the low ORR group.

Conclusions

For patients with PCOS, low estradiol levels/follicles (≥ 12 mm) and progesterone levels on the trigger day and the use of the progestin-primed protocol could be risk factors for low ORR, which leads to a limited number of embryos and more cycle cancellations.
Adherence to the Paleolithic diet and Paleolithic-like lifestyle reduce the risk of colorectal cancer in the United States: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Xiao Yi , Wang Yaxu , Gu Haitao , Xu Zhiquan , Tang Yunhao , He Hongmei , Peng Linglong , Xiang Ling
Published: July 2023

Background

The plant-based paleolithic diet (PD) and the paleolithic-like lifestyle (PLL) may reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including colorectal adenomas. These dietary and lifestyle approaches are proposed to exert their effects through mechanisms such as reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin levels. However, whether PD and PLL is associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been determined.

Methods

A cohort of 74,721 individuals who participated in the PLCO study were included in this analysis. Adherence to the PD and PLL was assessed using PD and PLL scores, where higher scores indicated greater adherence. Multivariable Cox models were utilized to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of CRC and its subsites (proximal colon cancer and distal CRC). Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify potential effect modifiers.

Results

During a mean follow-up of 9.2 years, a total of 694 CRC cases were identified. Participants in the highest compared with the lowest quartiles of PD score had a lower risk of CRC (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61–0.95,Ptrend = 0.009) and proximal colon cancer (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55–0.97,Ptrend = 0.02). A stronger inverse association was observed for PLL score with the risk of CRC (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.51–0.81,Ptrend < 0.001), proximal colon (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46–0.83,Ptrend = 0.001) and distal CRC (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48–0.98,Ptrend = 0.03). Subgroup analyses revealed the inverse association of PD score with the risk of CRC was more pronounced in participants with BMI < 30 (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.53–0.87) than in those with BMI ≥ 30 (Q4 vs Q1: HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.68–1.67) (Pinteraction = 0.02).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that adhering to the PD and PLL could be a new option to reduce CRC risk.
Effectiveness of school-based sexual and reproductive health education among adolescent girls in Urban areas of Odisha, India: a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Alekhya G. , Parida Swayam Pragyan , Giri Prajna Paramita , Begum Jasmina , Patra Suravi , Sahu Dinesh Prasad
Published: July 2023

Background

Various studies revealed that adolescent girls have limited knowledge pertaining to sexual and reproductive health (SRH). The current study assessed the effectiveness of SRH education among adolescent girls in urban areas of Odisha, India.

Methods

The study design was a cluster randomized trial, where the clusters composed of eight Odia (regional language) medium government girls’ high schools in Bhubaneswar, the capital city of the state of Odisha, India. For the selection of study participants, adolescent girls who were studying in the ninth and tenth standards were recruited from each school. Eight schools were randomized through restrictive randomization at a 1:1 ratio, with four schools each in the intervention and control arm. Baseline and end-line assessments were done using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Following baseline assessment, an intervention was given with the help of handbooks developed by the study authors to the schools in the intervention arm. Outcomes included change in knowledge, attitude and practices pertaining to SRH.

Results

In our study at baseline, there were a total of 790 students, where 469 (59.4%) students were in the intervention arm, and 321 (40.6%) students were in the control arm. At baseline, only 282 (60.1%) in the intervention arm and 171 (53.3%) in the control arm were aware that physical bodily changes due to puberty were normal. After the intervention, there was a statistically significant increase in knowledge in intervention group 367 (94.8%) (p-value < 0.001). Most students used sanitary pads as absorbent, 97.2% in the intervention group and 98.4% in the control group. However, after the intervention, the use of other absorbents reduced to zero in the intervention group with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The number of students having awareness on different methods of contraception increased from 51 (10.9%) to 337 (87.1%) in the intervention arm (p < 0.001), and of those having awareness on STIs/RTIs increased from 177 (38.2%) to 371 (96.1%) in the intervention group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

From our study, there is a significant proportional change in knowledge, attitude, and practices pertaining to SRH. Our study recommends policymakers and program managers for the implementation of comprehensive SRH in the regular school curriculum.

Trial registration CTRI/2021/01/030490, registered on January 15, 2021. Prospectively registered at https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/login.php
Cervical carcinogenesis risk association of HPV33 E6 and E7 genetic variations in Taizhou, Southeast China
Authors: Yan Zi-Yi , Di Xing-Hong , Qiu Yi , Ying Yuan-Yuan , Gan Jun , Xu Hui-Hui
Published: July 2023

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 33 belongs to the Alphapapillomavirus 9 (α-9 HPV) species group, which also contains types 16, 31, 35, 52, 58 and 67. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic variations of HPV33 and to explore its carcinogenicity among women in Taizhou, Southeast China.

Methods

Exfoliated cervical cells were collected for HPV genotyping. Only single HPV33 infection cases were selected, and their E6 and E7 genes were sequenced using the ABI 3730xl sequencer and then analysed using MEGA X.

Results

From 2014 to 2020, a total of 185 single HPV33-positive specimens were successfully amplified. We obtained 15 distinct HPV33 E6/E7 variants, which were published in GenBank under accession numbers OQ672665-OQ672679. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all HPV33 E6/E7 variants belonged to lineage A, of which 75.7% belonged to lineage A1. Compared with CIN1, the proportion of sublineage A1 in CIN2/3 was higher, but there was no significant difference (76.5% vs. 80.6%, P > 0.05). Altogether, 20 single nucleotide substitutions were identified, of which 6 were novel substitutions, including T196G (C30G), A447T, G458T (R117L), G531A, A704A, and C740T. In addition, no significant trends were observed between the nucleotide substitutions of HPV33 E6/E7 variants and the risk of cervical lesions.

Conclusion

This study provides the most comprehensive data on genetic variations, phylogenetics and carcinogenicity of HPV33 E6/E7 variants in Southeast China to date. The data confirmed that cervical lesions among women in Taizhou are attributable to HPV33, which may be due to the high infection rate of sublineage A1 in the population.
Liquid Youth Generation? The New Psychopathological Trajectories of the Post-Modern Society
Authors: Orsolini Laura , Ricci Leonardo , Cicolini Angelica , Volpe Umberto
Published: July 2023

According to Zygmunt Bauman (1999), we are living in an era dominated by a "liquid society". In the liquid society, nothing is clear, defined and fixed “once and for all”. The liquid society imposes high standards, it is highly competitive, and computerized. Obviously, this influences every aspect of life, by indeed incentivizing precarious interpersonal relationships. Our post-modern society is dominated by haste and the absence of stable ties. Within this context, adolescents and young adults should define their identity and, at the same time, should acquire the ability to flexibly redefine it, when necessary. Youth identity is forced to constantly adapt itself according to the changing society. This inevitably exposes young people to new forms of discomfort as well as psychopathologies. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview about the current state-of-the-art of the mental health status of adolescents and young adults in post-modern society, by focusing on seven major themes: digital addiction, effects of media use on behavior and mental-health, social withdrawal, alexithymia, fluid identity, not in education/employment or training people, and self-harm and suicidality.
Termite diversity and abundance based on altitude in Mount Ungaran, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: SUBEKTI NIKEN , MILANIO RODERIKUS RAYDITYA
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Subekti N, Milanio RR. 2023. Termite diversity and abundance based on altitude in Mount Ungaran, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3332-3337. Termites are social insects whose main diet is the cellulose and lignocellulose found in rotting wood and in some fungi. As the Mount Ungaran area in Central Java, Indonesia, has been converted to agriculture and other purposes, termite habitat has become increasingly narrow, with a reduction in the insects’ food sources. The purpose of this study was to analyze the species of termites found on Mount Ungaran and the factors that influence their lives. In addition, the differences in species according to slope (north, south, east, and west) and altitude were assessed. This research was conducted in three stages: termite collection, termite identification, and data analysis. The main species found in this study were Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren, 1913, Odontotermes javanicus Holmgren, 1912, Macrotermes gilvus Hagen, 1858, Nasutitermes matangensis Haviland, 1898, and Bulbitermes constrictiformis Holmgren, 1914. Based on a Shannon-Wiener analysis, the west slope had the highest diversity index, which was primarily influenced by four environmental factors (soil pH, soil temperature, soil moisture, and rainfall). In the canonical relationship correspondence analysis, soil pH, light intensity, and canopy cover were the environmental factors that most affected the diversity and abundance of termites on Mount Ungaran. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are that termite richness varied between slopes and the environmental factors that were the most associated with the variation were soil pH, light intensity, and canopy cover.
Diversity characterization of three varieties of Cymbopogon nardus under different shade conditions
Authors: DANATA NURLAILI HABIBI , AINI NURUL , UDAYANA CICIK , SETIAWAN ADI , YAMIKA WIWIN SUMIYA DWI , PRAMBUDI RYO
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Danata NH, Aini N, Udayana C, Setiawan A, Yamika WSD, Prambudi R. 2023. Diversity characterization of three varieties of Cymbopogon nardus under different shade conditions. Biodiversitas 24: 3574-3582. Cymbopogon nardus L. is a perennial aromatic plant distinguished for producing one of the world's most vital essential oils, citronella. This plant requires abounding sunlight to maximize the growth and quality of essential oils. The development of citronella can be implemented with an agroforestry system as an intercrop. However, the deterring factor restricting the propagation of citronella as an intercrop in agroforestry systems is the unavailability of adequate sunlight, consequently deteriorating the growth and quality of essential oils. This study investigated three varieties of C. nardus, i.e., Seraiwangi 1, Sitrona 1 Agribun, and Sitrona 2 Agribun, at distinctive shade proportions, i.e., 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% shade. The examined parameters included the growth, physiological responses, yield, and quality of essential oils, i.e., citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol. Results demonstrate that the various types and shade percentages affect most examined parameters. The Seraiwangi 1 variety grown under 0% and 25% shade had nearly the same value, while the Sitrona 1 Agribun and Sitrona 2 Agribun varieties continued to experience declines ranging from 0%, 25%, 50%, to 75%. Nevertheless, shade extensively influences physiological responses such as photosynthetic rate and stomata width, and contrastingly there was a cipher effect on the stomata length. In the yield parameters, the oil concentration declined with the increase in shading percentage. The Seraiwangi 1 delivered superior quality of citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol compared to Sitrona 1 Agribun and Sitrona 2 Agribun varieties.
Bird diversity and mangrove forest as potential ecotourism destinations in Kapo-kapo Bay, Cubadak Island, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: NOVARINO WILSON , MUKHTAR ERIZAL , PUTRI AYU SMARNIA , ANGGRAINI PUTRI LISYA
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Novarino W, Mukhtar E, Putri AS, Anggraini PL. 2023. Bird diversity and mangrove forest as potential ecotourism destinations in Kapo-kapo Bay, Cubadak Island, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3583-3591. Mangrove forests play an important role in the management of the coastal ecosystem of Indonesia. Research on bird diversity has been carried out to support ecotourism attractions in the mangrove area of  Kapo-kapo Bay, West Sumatra. The objective of this study is to determine the bird diversity and mangrove plant diversity in the mangrove kapo-kapo Bay area, West Sumatra, using the point count method and transect method. Mangrove plants have been found in three families, five genera, and six species. The vegetation composition on this research site is lower than that on Sumatra's east coast. The composition of mangrove trees and tree diversity was lower on the west coast of Sumatra than on the east coast. The composition and diversity of birds at the study sites were not significantly different between the mangrove forests on Sumatra's west and east coasts. Rhizophora apiculata Blume species dominate the mangrove forests in Kapo-kapo Bay, while Collocalia esculenta species dominate the birds. The analysis of the suitability of mangrove ecotourism in Kapo-kapo Bay obtained a score of 111 or 92.5%, placing it in the Very Suitable category (S1) to be developed as an ecotourism area. The presence of birds and bird habitat use in mangroves are all interesting ecotourism attractions.
Isolation, characterization and identification of sponge-associated bacteria producing antimicrobial compounds
Authors: WIBOWO RISKY HADI , SIPRIYADI SIPRIYADI , DARWIS WELLY , PUTRI DELFIANI ANGGIAS , YUDHA SALPRIMA , MASHUDI MASHUDI , ILSAN NOOR ANDRYAN , RENTA PERSON PESONA
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Wibowo RH, Sipriyadi, Darwis W, Putri DA, Yudha S, Mashudi, Ilsan NA, Renta PP, Masrukhin. 2023. Isolation, characterization and identification of sponge-associated bacteria producing antimicrobial compounds. Biodiversitas 24: 3616-3623. Sponges are marine biota that is currently in great demand as research object. Sponges also belong to a group of marine life that has symbiotic with bacteria. Bacteria that have formed a symbiotic relationship with a sponge may produce secondary metabolites that protect their host from pathogens. This study aimed to isolate, select, characterize and identify bacteria associated with the sponge Aplysina sp. that exhibit antimicrobial activity. The methods used in this study were bacterial isolation, screening, molecular identification, and observing their ability to produce antimicrobial compounds. A total of 16 isolates were isolated on the Sea Water Complete agar medium, and four isolates were able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Four isolates with the most significant inhibitory clear zones were selected for further testing. The isolate APD10 showed the biggest inhibition zone. The molecular identification results showed that the APD3 and APD15 had genetic similarities with Bacillus subtilis, isolate APD9 had genetic similarities with Bacillus paralicheniformis, and isolate APD10 had genetic similarities with Bacillus velezensis. Two isolates (APD3 and APD15) gene sequences for the KS domain in PKS were related to polyketide synthase, while APD10 in KS was related to oxidoreductase. Two isolates (APD3 and APD15) gene sequences encoding domain A on NRPS had a relationship with a bioactive compound in the form of surfactin, APD9 was related to a bioactive compound in the form of bacitracin, and APD10 NRPS was related to adenylation.
Targeting AAV vectors to the central nervous system by engineering capsid–receptor interactions that enable crossing of the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Huang Qin , Chen Albert T. , Chan Ken Y. , Sorensen Hikari , Barry Andrew J. , Azari Bahar , Zheng Qingxia , Beddow Thomas , Zhao Binhui , Tobey Isabelle G. , Moncada-Reid Cynthia , Eid Fatma-Elzahraa , Walkey Christopher J. , Ljungberg M. Cecilia , Lagor William R. , Heaney Jason D. , Chan Yujia A. , Deverman Benjamin E.
Published: July 2023

Viruses have evolved the ability to bind and enter cells through interactions with a wide variety of cell macromolecules. We engineered peptide-modified adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsids that transduce the brain through the introduction of de novo interactions with 2 proteins expressed on the mouse blood–brain barrier (BBB), LY6A or LY6C1. The in vivo tropisms of these capsids are predictable as they are dependent on the cell- and strain-specific expression of their target protein. This approach generated hundreds of capsids with dramatically enhanced central nervous system (CNS) tropisms within a single round of screening in vitro and secondary validation in vivo thereby reducing the use of animals in comparison to conventional multi-round in vivo selections. The reproducible and quantitative data derived via this method enabled both saturation mutagenesis and machine learning (ML)-guided exploration of the capsid sequence space. Notably, during our validation process, we determined that nearly all published AAV capsids that were selected for their ability to cross the BBB in mice leverage either the LY6A or LY6C1 protein, which are not present in primates. This work demonstrates that AAV capsids can be directly targeted to specific proteins to generate potent gene delivery vectors with known mechanisms of action and predictable tropisms.
Repeatability and timing of tropical influenza epidemics
Authors: Servadio Joseph L. , Thai Pham Quang , Choisy Marc , Boni Maciej F.
Published: July 2023

Much of the world experiences influenza in yearly recurring seasons, particularly in temperate areas. These patterns can be considered repeatable if they occur predictably and consistently at the same time of year. In tropical areas, including southeast Asia, timing of influenza epidemics is less consistent, leading to a lack of consensus regarding whether influenza is repeatable. This study aimed to assess repeatability of influenza in Vietnam, with repeatability defined as seasonality that occurs at a consistent time of year with low variation. We developed a mathematical model incorporating parameters to represent periods of increased transmission and then fitted the model to data collected from sentinel hospitals throughout Vietnam as well as four temperate locations. We fitted the model for individual (sub)types of influenza as well as all combined influenza throughout northern, central, and southern Vietnam. Repeatability was evaluated through the variance of the timings of peak transmission. Model fits from Vietnam show high variance (sd = 64–179 days) in peak transmission timing, with peaks occurring at irregular intervals and throughout different times of year. Fits from temperate locations showed regular, annual epidemics in winter months, with low variance in peak timings (sd = 32–57 days). This suggests that influenza patterns are not repeatable or seasonal in Vietnam. Influenza prevention in Vietnam therefore cannot rely on anticipation of regularly occurring outbreaks.
The benefits of prosocial power motivation in leadership: Action orientation fosters a win-win
Authors: Friederichs Katja M. , Waldenmeier Karla , Baumann Nicola
Published: July 2023

Power motivation is considered a key component of successful leadership. Based on its dualistic nature, the need for power (nPower) can be expressed in a dominant or a prosocial manner. Whereas dominant motivation is associated with antisocial behaviors, prosocial motivation is characterized by more benevolent actions (e.g., helping, guiding). Prosocial enactment of the power motive has been linked to a wide range of beneficial outcomes, yet less has been investigated what determines a prosocial enactment of the power motive. According to Personality Systems Interactions (PSI) theory, action orientation (i.e., the ability to self-regulate affect) promotes prosocial enactment of the implicit power motive and initial findings within student samples verify this assumption. In the present study, we verified the role of action orientation as an antecedent for prosocial power enactment in a leadership sample (N = 383). Additionally, we found that leaders personally benefited from a prosocial enactment strategy. Results show that action orientation through prosocial power motivation leads to reduced power-related anxiety and, in turn, to greater leader well-being. The integration of motivation and self-regulation research reveals why leaders enact their power motive in a certain way and helps to understand how to establish a win-win situation for both followers and leaders.
A double-pointed wooden throwing stick from Schöningen, Germany: Results and new insights from a multianalytical study
Authors: Milks Annemieke , Lehmann Jens , Leder Dirk , Sietz Michael , Koddenberg Tim , Böhner Utz , Wachtendorf Volker , Terberger Thomas
Published: July 2023

The site of Schöningen (Germany), dated to ca. 300,000 years ago, yielded the earliest large-scale record of humanly-made wooden tools. These include wooden spears and shorter double-pointed sticks, discovered in association with herbivores that were hunted and butchered along a lakeshore. Wooden tools have not been systematically analysed to the same standard as other Palaeolithic technologies, such as lithic or bone tools. Our multianalytical study includes micro-CT scanning, 3-dimensional microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, supporting a systematic technological and taphonomic analysis, thus setting a new standard for wooden tool analysis. In illustrating the biography of one of Schöningen’s double-pointed sticks, we demonstrate new human behaviours for this time period, including sophisticated woodworking techniques. The hominins selected a spruce branch which they then debarked and shaped into an aerodynamic and ergonomic tool. They likely seasoned the wood to avoid cracking and warping. After a long period of use, it was probably lost while hunting, and was then rapidly buried in mud. Taphonomic alterations include damage from trampling, fungal attack, root damage and compression. Through our detailed analysis we show that Middle Pleistocene humans had a rich awareness of raw material properties, and possessed sophisticated woodworking skills. Alongside new detailed morphometrics of the object, an ethnographic review supports a primary function as a throwing stick for hunting, indicating potential hunting strategies and social contexts including for communal hunts involving children. The Schöningen throwing sticks may have been used to strategically disadvantage larger ungulates, potentially from distances of up to 30 metres. They also demonstrate that the hominins were technologically capable of capturing smaller fast prey and avian fauna, a behaviour evidenced at contemporaneous Middle Pleistocene archaeological sites.
Market risk, financial distress and firm performance in Vietnam
Authors: Vo Duc Hong
Published: July 2023

In 2021, when the Covid-19 pandemic had a severe impact on the economy, a significant number of enterprises in Vietnam temporarily suspended doing business. Previous studies have focused on either model for predicting bankruptcy and financial distress or measuring market risk during extreme events. The effects of market risk and financial distress on a firm’s performance have largely been ignored in the literature, particularly in Vietnam. This study examines the effects of market risk, measured using the conditional value-at-risk technique and financial distress proxied by the interest coverage ratio (ICR) on firm performance for 500 nonfinancial listed firms in Vietnam from 2012 to 2021. We also estimate the optimal ICR for Vietnam’s listed firms. Two estimation techniques are used: dynamic panel models (two-step difference–and system–generalized method of moments) and panel threshold regression. We find that increased market risk reduces firm performance. However, a higher ICR (lower financial distress) also improves a firm’s performance. With increased market risk, the financial performance of firms with a high ICR deteriorates significantly.
Fault-tolerant control strategy of six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor based on deadbeat current prediction
Authors: Gao Hanying , Chen Qi , Liang Shenghan , Dong Yao
Published: July 2023

The fault-tolerant control after phase loss is crucial in the studies of the six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), and the one phase loss is the most frequent phase loss fault. To improve the system instability caused by nonlinear and time-varying perturbations of inductance parameters in a double-Y phase shifted 30° six-phase PMSM, an improved deadbeat predictive current fault-tolerant control (DPC-FTC) method is proposed in this study. The transformation matrix after single-phase open-phase is first reduced and reconstructed, and the reduced-dimensional voltage equation is derived. Based on this equation, the deadbeat current predictive control is then used to predict the expected voltage using the current feedback value and the reference value, so as to shorten the response time and improve the overall control effect. The voltage equation after parameter perturbation is rewritten, and the current discrete transfer function under constant expected voltage before and after parameter perturbation is calculated. Afterwards, to further improve the low stability of fault-tolerant control after phase loss, which is caused by the inductance parameter perturbation of the control system, the weight coefficient is introduced in order to enhance the deadbeat predictive current control so that it splits and optimizes the direct-quadrature axis current. The stability of the system is then analyzed. By changing the weight coefficient, the fault-tolerant control system has a wider stable working range. Finally, the simulation model and experimental platform are completed. The results show that the improved DPC-FTC method improves the permissible inductor parameter uptake range by a factor of 1/β, reduces the current static difference by 32.05% and 46.02% when the inductor parameter is mismatched by a factor of 2, reduces the current oscillation and effectively reduces the sensitivity of system stability to inductor parameter uptake.
Promoting insect farming and household consumption through agricultural training and nutrition education in Africa: A study protocol for a multisite cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alemu Mohammed Hussen , Halloran Afton , Olsen Søren Bøye , Anankware Jacob Paarechuga , Nyeko Philip , Ayieko Monica , Nyakeri Evans , Kinyuru John , Konyole Silvenus , Niassy Saliou , Egonyu James Peter , Malinga Geoffrey Maxwell , Ng’ang’a Jeremiah , Ng’ong’a Charles Adino , Okeyo Nicky , Debrah Shadrack Kwaku , Kiiru Samuel , Acur Amos , Roos Nanna
Published: July 2023

Background

Edible insects are a sustainable source of high-quality animal protein. Insect farming is gaining interest globally, particularly in low-income countries, where it may provide substantial nutritional and economic benefits. To enhance insect farming practices in Africa, new farming systems are being developed. However, knowledge on how to best promote uptake of these systems is lacking. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the effectiveness of educational interventions in promoting insect farming for household consumption in Africa.

Method

The study is designed as a multi-site randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impacts of agricultural training alone or in combination with nutrition education on the adoption of insect farming in Ghana, Kenya and Uganda. In each of the three countries, ninety-nine villages are randomly assigned to one of three arms: two intervention arms and a control arm with no interventions. Focusing on production (P), the first intervention arm covers agricultural training on insect farming combined with provision of insect production starter kits. Focusing on both production and consumption (PC), the second intervention arm involves the same intervention components as treatment P plus additional nutrition education. The impacts of the interventions are measured by comparing baseline and endline data collected one year apart. Primary outcomes are adoption of insect farming and consumption of the farmed insects.

Discussion

Understanding the drivers and impacts of novel agricultural practices is crucial for transitioning to sustainable food systems. The current project is the first to investigate how educational interventions promote insect farming for household consumption in low-income countries. The results will contribute evidence-based knowledge to support sustainable development through insect farming in Africa.

Trial registration

The protocol is registered in the American Economic Association registry for randomized control trials with registration number AEARCTR-0009996. Initial registration date: 02 September 2022, last updated 17 May 2023.
‘No matter when or where or who’: Iterations of It’s a Sin
Authors: Shankar Louis
Published: July 2023

This article focuses on the significance of the title of Russell T. Davies’s 2021 TV show, It’s a Sin. Provisionally titled ‘Boys’, ‘It’s a Sin’ was chosen instead after the 1987 single by the Pet Shop Boys. What networks of meaning did this citation create, both intentional and incidental? This article traces narratives of sin and redemption from the Pet Shop Boys, via Derek Jarman, to Russell T. Davies and Years & Years – the music project of Olly Alexander, who starred in the series as one of its lead characters, Ritchie Tozer.
As capas do periódico pedagógico Síntese: vestígios da história do magistério primário fluminense (1968- 1979)
Authors: Braga Rosa Maria Souza , Faria Lia Ciomar Macedo de
Published: July 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as publicações expostas nas capas do periódico pedagógico Síntese, buscando pistas sobre a União de Professores Primários Estaduais (UPPE), que produziu e distribuiu o jornal. A UPPE é uma entidade de professores desde de 1945. Na fundação recebeu a primeira de suas outras designações: União dos Professores Estaduais (UPE). No mesmo ano, passou a ser denominada União dos Professores Primários Estaduais (UPPE). Em 1980, passou a atender também aos professores do segundo segmento do ensino fundamental e médio, recebendo o nome de União dos Professores Públicos Estaduais (UPPE). Em novembro de 1988 a UPPE foi transformada em sindicato, recebendo o nome de União dos Professores Públicos no Estado–UPPES/ Sindicato. Tomar as capas do periódico Síntese como fonte para buscar pistas sobre a UPPE é uma possibilidade de revisitar a história da instituição, dialogando com documentos ainda não contemplados pela Historiografia.
Teaching the Big Concept of Chemistry in the Context of China's Basic Education Reform
Authors: Tang Yanyan , Xu Suyi , Xu Ying , Wang Pengyun
Published: July 2023

In the eighth curriculum reform, China proposed to develop students' core literacy in disciplines, aiming to explore what kind of teaching mode and means can cultivate outstanding talents through Chinese school education, and emphasize the emphasis on the teaching of major concepts of disciplines to make the curriculum content structured. The teaching of major concepts is highly abstract and generalized, which can help students establish a knowledge structure system and promote the transfer and application of knowledge. This paper takes the knowledge of galvanic batteries as the carrier and the question of "why can the fan rotate" as the driving force, forms a cognitive model, and puts forward a unit teaching led by a large concept from the perspective of energy conversion, so that students can better understand the galvanic battery model and apply it to life, so as to promote the development of students' core literacy.
Outdoor fitness activity under COVID-19 restrictions. Wearable devices, images, and posts as sources of information on users
Authors: Isański Jakub , Kupiński Szymon , Leszkowicz Mateusz , Andrzejewski Wojciech , Bykowski Adam
Published: July 2023

Our study aimed to present amateur sports models during the CO VID-19 restrictions on outdoor activities. We used mixed research methods: the questionnaire research data and information available through wearable devices. We investigate physical activity phenomena based on questionnaire results and existing data from a popular social networking site. Firstly, we asked respondents about their training types, rhythm, and preferences in using new technologies (wearables devices and social networks to upload and share results) in individual physical activity practices. Secondly, we also used a collection of over 11 thousand photos of 3138 users, with metadata downloaded from Instagram to compare declarations and content. The obtained data were processed using machine learning and Python software. Analyzing the results, we showed a change in the intensity of practicing three selected types of activity. We also analyzed the data set (photos, tags, and metadata) from a social network. The conclusions show the potential of triangulation of methods and data to describe the amateur physical activity and the change of these practices during CO VID-19 limitations in indoor and outdoor sports.
Soft linguistic terrorism: 21st century re-articulations
Authors: Mena Mike
Published: July 2023

Over three decades ago, Gloria Anzaldúa identified ideologies of linguistic standardization as an oppressive force in the Rio Grande Valley of south Texas as well as the local university. Such ideologies were used to delegitimize Chicanos via “linguistic terrorism,” or, routine forms of psychological and physical punishment meant to enforce idealized white, middle-class, monolingual social norms. However, times have changed. To account for more recent conditions, I qualify contemporary manifestations as soft linguistic terrorism, which relies more so on incentivization (reward as opposed to punishment) and ideological recruitment (enforcement based on the appearance of consent), yet continue to reproduce the near identical racializing ideologies Anzaldúa identified decades ago. Using a linguistic anthropological approach to discourse analysis, this article focuses on ethnographic interviews with students and faculty to illustrate how forms of linguistic terrorism have been rearticulated via raciolinguistic ideologies in the same region and at the same university that inspired Anzaldúa’s formulation of linguistic terrorism in the 1980s.