bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for 28-Day in-Hospital Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19: An International Cohort Study
Authors: Bassi Gianluigi Li , Suen Jacky Y. , White Nicole , Dalton Heidi J. , Fanning Jonathon , Corley Amanda , Shrapnel Sally , Hinton Samuel , Forsyth Simon , Parsons Rex , Laffey John G. , Fan Eddy , Bartlett Robert , Brodie Daniel , Burrell Aidan , Chiumello Davide , Elhazmi Alyaa , Grasselli Giacomo , Hodgson Carol , Ichiba Shingo , Luna Carlos , Marwali Eva , Merson Laura , Murthy Srinivas , Nichol Alistair , Panigada Mauro , Pelosi Paolo , Torres Antoni , Ng Pauline Yeung , Ogino Mark , Fraser John F.
Published: August 2021

Background: Risk factors associated with mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on mechanical ventilation are still not fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to identify patient-level factors, readily available at the bedside, associated with the risk of in-hospital mortality within 28 days from commencement of invasive mechanical ventilation (28-day IMV mortality) in patients with COVID-19. Methods Prospective observational cohort study in 148 intensive care units in the global COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium. Patients with clinically suspected or laboratory confirmed COVID-19 infection admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from February 2nd through December 29th, 2020, requiring IMV. No study-specific interventions were performed. Patient characteristics and clinical data were assessed upon ICU admission, the commencement of IMV and for 28 days thereafter. We primarily aimed to identify time-independent and time-dependent risk factors for 28-day IMV mortality. Results: A total of 1713 patients were included in the survival analysis, 588 patients died in hospital within 28 days of commencing IMV (34.3%). Cox-regression analysis identified associations between the hazard of 28-day IMV mortality with age (HR 1.27 per 10-year increase in age, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.37, P<0.001), PEEP upon commencement of IMV (HR 0.78 per 5-cmH2O increase, 95% CI 0.66-0.93, P=0.005). Time-dependent parameters associated with 28-day IMV mortality were serum creatinine (HR 1.30 per doubling, 95% CI 1.19-1.42, P<0.001), lactate (HR 1.16 per doubling, 95% CI 1.06-1.27 P=0.001), PaCO2 (HR 1.31 per doubling, 95% CI 1.05-1.64, P=0.015), pH (HR 0.82 per 0.1 increase, 95% CI 0.74-0.91, P<0.001), PaO2/FiO2 (HR 0.56 per doubling, 95% CI 0.50-0.62, P<0.001) and mean arterial pressure (HR 0.92 per 10 mmHg increase, 95% CI 0.88-0.97, P=0.002).Conclusions: This international study establishes that in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19, older age and clinically relevant variables monitored at the bedside are risk factors for 28-day IMV mortality. Further investigation is warranted to validate any causative roles these parameters might play in influencing clinical outcomes.
Mechanism of Exosomal miR-155 Derived From Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Stemness Maintenance and Drug Resistance in Myeloma Cells
Authors: Gao Xinyu , Zhou Jin , Wang Jinghua , Dong Xiushuai , Chang Yuying , Jin Yinglan
Published: August 2021

Objective This study was to explore the effect of exosomal miR-155 derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on stemness maintenance and drug resistance in MPC-11 multiple myeloma cells.Methods MPC-11 cells were transfected with mimics or inhibitors of miR-155. miR-155 expression was detected by qRT-PCR, cell condition was observed, and the expression of stemness maintenance markers OCT-4 and Nanog was observed by immunofluorescence. The expression of proteins associated with the Hedgehog signaling pathway and drug resistance was evaluated by western blot. To investigate whether exosomes affect cell behavior by horizontal delivery of miR-155, MPC-11 cells were co-cultured with exosomes isolated from BMSCs that were transfected with mimics or inhibitors of miR-155. Cell proliferation and the expression of proteins related to stemness maintenance protein and drug resistance were examined.Results In function assays, after miR-155 mimics transfection, the expression levels of proteins related to stemness maintenance marker, Hedgehog signaling, and drug resistance were increased in MPC-11 cells. BMSC-derived exosomes carrying miR-155 inhibited apoptosis, promoted cell division, and upregulated the expression of protein associated with stemness maintenance, Hedgehog signaling, and drug resistance.Conclusion Therefore, our findings indicate that exosomal delivery of miR-155 exerted the same effect as transfection did on the stemness maintenance and drug resistance of multiple myeloma cells.
Remote Medical Scent Detection of Cancer and Infectious Diseases With Dogs and Rats: a Systematic Review
Authors: BAUËR Pierre , LEEMANS Michelle , AUDUREAU Etienne , FROMANTIN Isabelle
Published: August 2021

Background: Remote medical scent detection of cancer and infectious diseases with dogs and rats has been an increasing field of research these last 20 years. If validated, the possibility of implementing such a technique in the clinic raises many hopes. This systematic review was performed to determine the evidence and performance of such methods and assess their potential relevance in the clinic.Methods: Pubmed and Web of Science databases were independently searched based on PRISMA standards. We included studies aiming at detecting cancers and infectious diseases affecting humans with dogs or rats. We excluded studies using other animals, studies aiming to detect agricultural diseases, diseases affecting animals, and others such as diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Only original articles were included. Data about patients’ selection, samples, animal characteristics, animal training and testing configurations, and performances were recorded.Results: A total of 62 studies were included. Sensitivity and specificity varied a lot among studies: While some publications report low sensitivities of 17% and specificities around 29%, others achieve rates of 100% sensitivity and specificity. Only 6 studies were evaluated in a double-blind screening like situation. In general, the risk of performance bias was high in most evaluated studies, and the quality of the evidence found was low.Conclusions: Medical detection using animals’ sense of smell lacks evidence and performances so far to be applied in the clinic. What odours the animals detect is not well understood. Further research should be conducted, focusing on patient selection, samples (choice of materials, standardization), and testing conditions. Interpolations of such results to free running detection (direct contact with humans) should be taken with extreme caution.
DNA Damage Response of Haematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells to High-LET Neutron Irradiation
Authors: Engelbrecht Monique , Ndimba Roya , de Kock Maryna , Miles Xanthene , Nair Shankari , Fisher Randall , du Plessis Peter , Bolcaen Julie , Botha Matthys Hendrik , Zwanepoel Elbie , Sioen Simon , Baeyens Ans , Nieto-Camero Jaime , de Kock Evan , Vandevoorde Charlot
Published: August 2021

The radiosensitivity of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to neutron radiation remains largely underexplored, notwithstanding their potential role as target cells for radiation-induced leukemogenesis. New insights are required for radiation protection purposes, particularly for aviation, space missions, nuclear accidents and even particle therapy. In this study, HSPCs (CD34+ cells) were isolated from umbilical cord blood and irradiated with 60Co γ-rays (photons) and high energy p(66)/Be(40) neutrons. At 2 hours post-irradiation, a significantly higher number of 1.28 ± 0.12 γ-H2AX foci/cell was observed after 0.5 Gy neutrons compared to 0.84 ± 0.14 foci/cell for photons, but this decreased to similar levels for both radiation qualities after 18 hours. However, a signficant difference in late apoptosis was observed between photon and neutron irradiation at 18 hours, 43.17 ± 6.10 % versus 55.55 ± 4.87 %, respectively. A significant increase in cytogenetic damage was observed after both 0.5 and 1 Gy neutron irradiation compared to photons, while there was no difference in the nuclear division index between both radiation qualities. The results point towards a higher induction of DNA damage after neutron irradiation in HSPCs followed by error-prone DNA repair, which contributes to genomic instability and a higher risk of leukemogenesis.
A Novel Fluorobenzyl Polyethylene Glycol Conjucated Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid (fb-PMT), Targeting Thyrointegrin αvβ3 in Treatment Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Darwish Noureldien H. E. , Glinsky Gennadi V. , Sudha Thangirala , Mousa Shaker A.
Published: August 2021

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with poor long-term survival, even with newer therapeutic agents. Here we show the results of our pre-clinical study, in which we evaluate the efficacy of a new thyrointegrin αvβ3 antagonist, named fluorobenzyl Polyethylene glycol conjucated tetraiodothyroacetic acid (fb-PMT).Methods and Results: fb-PMT effectively suppresses the malignant growth of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after successful engraftment in transgenic NSG-S xenograft mouse models of either established human AML cell line or primary AML cells. Daily treatment with fb-PMT (1-10 mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously (s.c.) for 3-4 weeks was associated with marked regression of leukemogenesis and extended survival in both models. The efficiency of the fb-PMT therapy was verified using IVIS imaging, flowcytometry and histopathological examination to monitor the engraftment of leukemic cells in the bone marrow and other organs. fb-PMT therapy for 3-4 weeks at 3 and 10 mg/kg daily doses exhibited significant reduction (P<0.0001) of leukemic cell burden of 74% and >95%, respectively. All fb-PMT-treated mice in the 10 mg/kg treatment arm successfully maintained remission after discontinuing the daily treatment. Comprehensive fb-PMT safety assessments demonstrated excellent safety and tolerability at multiple folds above the anticipated human therapeutic doses. Lastly, our genome-wide microarray screens demonstrated that fb-PMT works through the molecular interference mechanism with multiple signaling pathways contributing to growth and survival of leukemic cells.Conclusion: our preclinical findings of the potent anticancer activities of fb-PMT and its favorable safety profiles warrant its clinical investigation for the effective and safe management of AML.
Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Telomere Length and Cellular Senescence in Parkinson’s Disease and Lewy Body Dementia
Authors: Asghar Muhammad , Odeh Amani , Fattahi Ahmad Jouni , Henriksson Alexandra Edward , Miglar Aurelie , Khosousi Shervin , Svenningsson Per
Published: August 2021

Background

Progressive age is the single major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Cellular aging markers during the course of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been implicated in previous studies, however majority of these studies have investigated the association of individual cellular aging hallmarks with PD but not jointly.

Method

Here, we have studied the association of PD with three aging hallmarks (telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence) in blood and the brain tissue. Telomere length and mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) copy number was assessed by qPCR, while mitochondrial function ( PGC-1α and PGC-1β ) and expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A ( CDKN2A ), cellular senescence marker was measured by RT-qPCR.

Results

Our results show that patients diagnosed with PD had 20% lower mitochondrial DNA copy number but 26% longer telomeres in blood compared to controls. Moreover, telomere length in blood was positively correlated with medication (Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dose). Similar results were found in brain tissue, where patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), Parkinson dementia (PDD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) showed (46-95%) depleted mtDNA copy number, but (7-9%) longer telomeres compared to controls. Furthermore, when compared to controls, patients had lower mitochondrial biogenesis ( PGC-1α and PGC-1β ) and higher load of cellular senescent cells in postmortem prefrontal cortex tissue, where DLB showing the highest effect among the patient groups.

Conclusion

Our results show that mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence but not telomere shortening is associated with PD, PDD and DLB. Our findings suggest that mitochondrial copy number and function could be used as viable biomarker in blood as an early indicator for the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
Multiple Color Emission of Mechanoluminescence and Photoluminescence from SrZnSO: Bi3+ for Multi-mode Anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Yang Yun-Ling , Li Ting , Yuan Jia-Yong , Zhou Yu , Li Qian-Li , Wan Dong-Yun , Zhao Jing-Tai , Zhang Zhi-Jun
Published: August 2021

Mechanoluminescence materials that emit light under mechanical stimulation have attracted widespread attention in sensing, anti-counterfeiting and imaging applications. In this study, a series of novel Sr1-xBixZnSO (0.001≤x≤0.1) samples were synthesized by the method of high temperature solid-state reaction. It is worth noting that the distortion degree of SrO3S3 octahedron was increased with increasing Bi3+ concentration, and the color manipulated Sr1-xBixZnSO which can emit different photoluminescence (blue to dark blue and finally red) and mechanoluminescence (orange to red) colors are obtained. Moreover, the deep traps can stably store and provide electronic supplement to shallow traps released under mechanical stimulated. Therefore, devices made of SrZnSO: Bi3+ phosphor and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) can be used as thermo-mechano-opto three-mode anti-counterfeiting. The ML intensity is linear to the external load, can be utilized for stress sensing or imaging.
Protein-losing Enteropathy Caused by Disseminated Mycobacterium Avium Complex Infection in a Patient Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: An Autopsy Case Report
Authors: Konishi Keiji , Nakagawa Hidenori , Nakahira Akio , Okuno Takahiro , Inoue Takeshi , Shirano Michinori
Published: August 2021

Background: Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection is an important indicator of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Effective antiretroviral therapy has dramatically reduced the incidence and mortality of HIV, although drug resistance and poor medication adherence continue to increase the risk of disseminated M. avium complex infection. However, gastrointestinal lesions in cases of disseminated M. avium complex infection resulting in protein-losing enteropathy have been rarely discussed. Therefore, we report a case of protein-losing enteropathy caused by disseminated M. avium complex infection in a patient undergoing antiretroviral therapy.Case presentation: A 29-year-old male diagnosed with AIDS for four years and was admitted for a 10-month history of refractory diarrhea and fever. Despite receiving antiretroviral therapy, viral load remained elevated due to poor medication adherence. The patient was diagnosed with disseminated M. avium complex infection and started on antimycobacterial drugs two years prior to admission. However, it remained uncontrolled. Previous hospitalization a year before admission was due to hypoalbuminemia and refractory diarrhea. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy caused by intestinal lymphangiectasia, and treatment with intravenous antimycobacterial drugs did not resolve his intestinal lymphangiectasia. The patient inevitably died of sepsis.Conclusions: Clinical remission is difficult to achieve in patients with AIDS and protein-losing enteropathy caused by disseminated M. avium complex infection due to its limited options for parenteral antiretroviral drugs.
Human Gut Microbial Taxa Metabolizing Dietary Obesogens: A BPA 1 directed-culturing and Bioinformatics Combined Approach
Authors: Moreno Ana López , Ruiz-Moreno Ángel , Pardo Jesús , Cerk Klara , Torres-Sánchez Alfonso , Ortíz Pilar , Úbeda Marina , Aguilera Margarita
Published: August 2021

Background

Integrated data from culturomics and functional omics may depict holistic understanding on gut microbiome eubiosis or dysbiosis, and microbial isolates can become a source of differential enzymes and useful bioactive compounds. Culturing methods developed during last decade swift increases the importance of gut microbial isolates, focusing on media, modifications and conditions that propitiate cultured taxa that previously were considered fastidious or unculturable. In this context and focusing on gut microbiota dysbiosis triggered by obesogens and microbiota disrupting chemicals (MDC), we have conducted a directed-culturing and bioinformatics combined approach, adding bisphenol A (BPA) and specific treatments to find resistant spore-forming bacteria, to obtain isolated strains for further explore their molecular BPA metabolizing or neutralizing capacities.

Results

Overall microbiota culturing media and conditions have been retrieved and organized according to main gut taxa isolated during last decade. Furthermore, a catalogue of BPA directed-cultured microorganisms has been obtained from 46 fecal samples from two populations, children with obesity and normo-weight. A total of 235 BPA tolerating and potentially BPA biodegrading microorganisms were mainly grouped to strictly anaerobic sporuled/non-sporuled, anaerobic facultative sporuled/non-sporuled. Firmicutes, Enterobacteria and Actinobacteria species showed the major representation in both groups. However, differential BPA tolerant microbiota composition from the populations was detected. Bioinformatics analysis disclosed and predicted the variability of harboring genes encoding specific enzyme for BPA biodegradation pathways that corroborated from directed-culturing microbiota consortia obtained.

Conclusions

Strains from Staphylococcus , Bacillus and Enterococcus genera represented the majority of the successfully cultured bacteria in both population specimens. From them, the bioinformatics prediction assigned to Bacillus spp. the higher potential for BPA biodegradation. Therefore, extensive directed-culturomics approaches could be designed for different MDC with common biodegradation pathways, such as parabens, phthalates, and benzophenones.
Development of Evaluation Scale for Clinical Research Educaton
Authors: Demir Meral
Published: August 2021

Background: There is no scale developed to evaluate clinical research education. The aim of the study is to introduce a development of clinical research scale first time for evaluation in Medical and Clinical Pharmacology clinical research practices.Methods: “Retrospective descriptive research” method was preferred for data collection and classification. The study group of the research consists of students who volunteered to be evaluated in the third grade medical students. The students were asked to fill the form and the pool of statements was compiled. Literature screening and expression pools selected words, has been converted into sentences with attitude expression. a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 12 items was prepared through the questionnaire study. The scale study with 150 students was included. Sample size was calculated in order to evaluate the correlation of item total score.Results: The sample size was “very good” [KMO=0.864 ]. Barlett’s Test of Shericity [p<0.001 ] was significant. Cronbach’s alpha value of the scale was 0.91. This value indicates that the scale degree is in "very good" for reliability, validity and sample size. This scale is suitable for correlation matrix factor analysis; the sample adequacy degree in is ”very good". The reliability coefficient of Guttman [rt = 0.830 ] and Spearman-Brown [rsb = 0.831 ], which represent the scale divided into two, were found. Conclusion: This newly developed scale has been shown to be able to evaluate students' attitudes towards clinical research and can be used in future education periods. Trial registration: “Retrospective descriptive research”
Sensitivity Analysis of Junction Free Electrostatically Doped Tunnel-FET Based Biosensor
Authors: Bind Mukesh Kumar , Nigam Kaushal
Published: August 2021

The electrostatic doping technique has the ability to reduce random dopant fluctuations (RDFs), fabrication complexity and high thermal budget requirement in the fabrication process of nano-scale devices. In this paper, first time propose and simulate a Junction Free Electrostatically Doped Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor (JFED- TFET) based biosensor for label-free biosensing applications. The gate dielectric modulation concept used for sensing the existence of biomolecules inside the nano-cavity, created in gate dielectric material towards the tunneling junction to modulate the tunneling mechanism. The sensitivity of JF-ED-TFET biosensor investigate with various types of biomolecules based on dielectric constants (k) and charge densities (ρ). The sensing response of the JF-ED-TFET biosensor analyze in terms of electric field, energy band and transfer characteristic and the sensitivity in terms of ION, ION/IOFF ratio and Subtheshold Swing. The sensitivity of device investigated based on practical challenges as different filling factor and step-profile generated from the steric hinderance. The effect of temperate and nano-cavity dimensions variation on device performance also has been analyzed. In this work, various types of biomolecules as Streptavidin (k = 2.1), Ferro-cytochrome c (k = 4.7), keratin (k = 8) and Gelatin (k = 12) has been considered for the performance investigation.
Serum Long Non-Coding RNA SCARNA10 Serves as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Han Yawei , Jiang Wenna , Wang Yu , Zhao Meng , Li Yueguo , Ren Li
Published: August 2021

Circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to serve as diagnostic or prognosis biomarkers for various disease. We aimed to elucidate the diagnostic efficacy of serum lncRNA SCARNA10 for the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 127 patients with HCC, 55 patients with benign liver disease (BLD), and 99 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. According to different classifications, the levels of serum SCARNA10 were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The correlations between serum SCARNA10 and clinicopathological charcaterisstics were further analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) were utilized to estimate the diagnostic capacity of serum SCARNA10 and its combination with AFP for HCC. The results demonstrated that the levels of serum SCARNA10 were significantly higher in HCC patients than in patients with BLD and healthy controls, and significantly increased in HCC patients with hepatitis B or C infection, or with liver cirrhosis. Furthermore, positive correlations were noted between serum SCARNA10 level and some clinicopathological characteristics, including tumor size, differentiation degrees, tumor stage, vascular invasion, tumor metastasis and complications. ROC analysis revealed that SCARNA10 had a significantly predictive value for HCC, the combination of SCARNA10 and AFP gained the higher accuracy. SCARNA10 retained significant diagnosis capabilities for AFP-negative HCC patients. In summary, lncRNA SCARNA10 may serve as a novel and non-invasive biomarker with relatively high sensitivity and specificity for HCC diagnosis.
Investigation of Breast Cancer Microstructure and Microvasculature from Time-Dependent DWI and CEST in Correlation with Histological Biomarkers
Authors: Someya Yuko , Iima Mami , Imai Hirohiko , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Kataoka Masako , Isoda Hiroyoshi , Bihan Denis Le , Nakamoto Yuji
Published: August 2021

We investigated the associations of time-dependent DWI, non-Gaussian DWI and CEST parameters with histological biomarkers in a breast cancer xenograft model. 22 xenograft mice (7 MCF-7 and 15 MDA-MB-231) were scanned at 2 diffusion times (Td= 2.5/ 5 ms) with 11 b values (0–600 s/mm2), and 9/ 27.6 ms with 17 b values (0–3000 s/mm2). The apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC0 − 600, shifted ADC, sADC200 − 1500 and the ADC change with Td, as well as IVIM and non-Gaussian diffusion parameters were estimated. CEST images were acquired and the amide proton transfer signal intensity (APT SI) were measured. The sADC200 − 1500 change and combined ADC change (ADC0 − 600, 2.5 ms with sADC200 − 1500, 27.6 ms) was significantly larger for MCF-7 group, and the combined ADC change was positively correlated with Ki67max and APT SI. ADC0 decreased significantly in MDA-MB-231 group and K increased significantly with Td in MCF-7 group. APT SI and cellular area had a moderately strong positive correlation in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 tumors combined, and there was a positive correlation in MDA-MB-231 tumors. There was a significant negative correlation between APT SI and the Ki-67-positive ratio in MDA-MB-231 tumors and when combined with MCF-7 tumors. The associations of combined ADC change and API SI with Ki-67 parameters indicate that the Td-dependent DW and CEST parameters are useful to predict the histological markers of breast cancers.
Natural Images Allow Universal Adversarial Attacks on Medical Image Classification Using Deep Neural Networks with Transfer Learning
Authors: Minagi Akinori , Hirano Hokuto , Takemoto Kazuhiro
Published: August 2021

Transfer learning from natural images is well used in deep neural networks (DNNs) for medical image classification to achieve computer-aided clinical diagnosis. Although the adversarial vulnerability of DNNs hinders practical applications owing to the high stakes of diagnosis, adversarial attacks are expected to be limited because training data — which are often required for adversarial attacks — are generally unavailable in terms of security and privacy preservation. Nevertheless, we hypothesized that adversarial attacks are also possible using natural images because pre-trained models do not change significantly after fine-tuning. We focused on three representative DNN-based medical image classification tasks (i.e., skin cancer, referable diabetic retinopathy, and pneumonia classifications) and investigated whether medical DNN models with transfer learning are vulnerable to universal adversarial perturbations (UAPs), generated using natural images. UAPs from natural images are useful for both non-targeted and targeted attacks. The performance of UAPs from natural images was significantly higher than that of random controls, although slightly lower than that of UAPs from training images. Vulnerability to UAPs from natural images was observed between different natural image datasets and between different model architectures. The use of transfer learning causes a security hole, which decreases the reliability and safety of computer-based disease diagnosis. Model training from random initialization (without transfer learning) reduced the performance of UAPs from natural images; however, it did not completely avoid vulnerability to UAPs. The vulnerability of UAPs from natural images will become a remarkable security threat.
Evaluation of the Predictive Power of the Health Belief Model on the Care of Kidney in Type 2 Patients With Diabetes: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: faramarzi mallihe , shamsi mohsen , khorsandi mahboobeh , almasi amir hashyani
Published: August 2021

Background: Kidney failure is one of the most important late complication in type 2 patients with diabetes, so more of half-people are wait to graft kidney are people that caused to diabetes. The purpose of this study, was predict to care of kidney in type 2 diabetes patients based on Health Belief Model (HBM).Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 242 patients with type 2 diabetes select with simple sampling of health centers in Arak ( a city in Iran) in 2020 and health behaviors of kidneys collected based on HBM with reliable and validity of questionaries’ and analyses by linear regression logistic.Results: The mean age of patients was 47.51 ±7.86 years. FBS average was 159.65 ± 55.01 mi/dc and average of performance of patients about care of kidney was 30/31± 6/42. Among HBM construct predicted about %38 perceived severity, %67.6 knowledge, %31.8 self-efficacy and %16.4 internal cues to action, these cases have the most power for prediction and total of construct predict health behavior of kidneys that are about %49. Conclusion: This study showed that increasing patients information in field of recognizing kidney failure, emphasis on role of cues to action and finally increasing self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes about care of kidney should be emphasis in education programs for preventing of kidney failure.
Hypoxia-induced HMMR Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration and Immune Infiltrates in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: can Duan Lin , lin Jiang Xiu , Lin Tan , xiao Yuan Yi , Juan Wang , qian Liu Qian , lan Zou Xiao
Published: August 2021

BackgroundHyaluronan mediated motility receptor (also known as RHAMM) is another one of few defined hyaluronan receptors, play pivotal roles in cell growth. However, the relationships between HMMR and prognosis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in lung adenocarcinoma remain unclear.MethodsHMMR expression was analyzed emoloyed the TIMER, GEPIA, UALCAN, CCLE databases, the prognosis of HMMR was analysis by prognoscan, KMplot and GEPIA databases. The GO and KEGG pathway was analysis by the DAVID and GSEA software. The correlation between the HMMR expression was analysis by the TIMER databases, the gene and protein networks was analysis by Genemania and STRING databases, the DNA methylation was analysis by the MethSurv and UALCAN databases, the gene mutation of HMMR was analysis by the cBioportal and COSMIC databases. The expression of HMMR was analysis by IHC and qPCR, the function of HMMR on cell proliferation and migration was examine by the cell growth curve, clone information, transwell and wound healing assay.ResultsIn this study, we find that HMMR was elevated in LUAD and it’s highly expression associated with the poor prognosis and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, the expression of HMMR was induced by hypoxia in LUAD. HMMR expression level not only positively correlation with the different immune cells, but also positively correlation with the expression of immune checkpoints related gene, for instance, CD279, CD274, CTLA4, LAG3, PDCD1LG2, TIGIT and HAVCR2. Finally, depletion of HMMR significantly represses the cell growth and migration of NSCLC. Overall, this study emphasized the significance of HMMR in cancer progression and Immune infiltration of LUAD.ConclusionsWe demonstrated HMMR was elevated in LUAD and positively relation to poor prognosis. We find the hypoxia microenvironment and DNA hypomethylation able to up-regulation of the HMMR expression. Additionally, HMMR expression was positive with the diverse immune cell and immune regulator related gene in LUAD. Finally, we found that depletion of HMMR was inhibits the cell proliferation and migration ability of NSCLC cells. These findings suggest that HMMR could be served as a biomarker for prognosis and immune infiltration in LUAD.
Prevalence of COVID-19 in Children Affected by Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma: Results From the Second “SIAIP Rhinosinusitis and Conjunctivitis Committee” Survey
Authors: Brindisi Giulia , Zicari Anna Maria , Parisi Giuseppe Fabio , Diaferio Lucia , Indolfi Cristina , Marchese Giuseppe , Ghiglioni Daniele Giovanni , Umano Giuseppina Rosaria , Klain Angela , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Giudice Michele Miraglia Del
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe role of allergic sensitization seems to be protective against SARS CoV2 infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using online surveys, the impact of COVID-19 on Italian allergic children, comparing the prevalence of AR and asthma symptoms between the first and second pandemic wave.MethodsBoth surveys were emailed to Italian pediatricians in April 2020 (first survey) and in March 2021 (second survey). The first one was related to the impact of COVID-19 and the most frequently reported symptoms. The second one was superimposed on the previous one, taking into account some additional aspects in the management of disease.ResultsA total of 99 pediatricians participated in the first survey and 267 in the second one. The first survey showed that, asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence was mostly between 0-20% throughout the country. The second survey showed a lower prevalence of both diseases nationwide in comparison to the first one. Comparing the two surveys, statistically significant differences were reported only in the distribution of asthma prevalence in Southern Italy while no differences were highlighted in the North and in the Center. Finally regarding allergic rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence, no differences were noticed nationwide.ConclusionsAllergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma, if under control, did not represent risk factors for the susceptibility to SARS CoV2. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to continue therapies during COVID-19 outbreak, according to the international guidelines. However, being COVID-19 a new disease, actual knowledge will undergo continuous improvements over time.
Ovarian Neuroendocrine Tumors: a Single-institution Experience
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chang Shuzhen , Cai Mingbo , Feng Wenlong , Liu Liya , Han Liping
Published: August 2021

Background: Ovarian neuroendocrine tumors (O-NETs) are uncommon malignant carcinomas with a poor prognosis. There are no standardized practice guidelines as impacted by the lack of sufficient data regarding the clinicopathologic features and management of O-NETs. This study aimed to analyze the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of O-NETs.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed ten cases with ONETs admitted to the Department of Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August, 2015 to May, 2020.Results: The median age of cases at diagnosis was 38.4 years (from 20 to 58). The most common presentation was abdominal pain (4/10), followed by pelvic mass (3/10), and vaginal bleeding (1/10). Two cases had no symptoms. All cases underwent the surgery. The diagnosis was confirmed by the postoperative histopathology. Tumors expressed at least one neuroendocrine marker (e.g., CD56, chromogranin-A, synaptophysin, or neuron specific enolase). By complying with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system (2014), three cases were stage I tumors, one case was stage II tumor, and six cases were stage III tumors. Eight cases only received chemotherapy postoperatively, one was administrated with olaparib maintenance after chemotherapy, and one received the chemotherapy followed by the radiotherapy. The follow-up time for cases raged from 10 to 48 months. Two cases died of disease recurrence, while the other 8 cases were in the follow-up. Six cases experienced tumor recurrence.Conclusion: O-NETs were characterized by high malignancy, low incidence and poor prognosis. The histopathological analysis was considered the gold standard for diagnosis. Surgical resection might be the first choice of therapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy and possible radiotherapy might prolong the survival of some cases.
Outcomes of Heavily Experienced HIV-infected Patients Receiving Salvage Raltegravir-based Therapy
Authors: Escarcina Jesús Enrique Patiño , Netto Eduardo Martins , Brites Carlos
Published: August 2021

Background: New antiretrovirals improved the treatment success for heavily experienced HIV-infected patients as treatment failures or resistance to ART may limit the options for further therapy. Nonetheless, construction of ‘salvage’ regimens remains a complex and challenging issue worldwide. This study assessed real-life virologic success, long-term survival and adverse events in treatment experienced patients initiating either Raltegravir or other drugs for salvage regimens.Methods: we conducted a retrospective cohort study on adults with treatment failure (HIV-1 RNA viral load [PVL] >1000 copies/mL) who started either Raltegravir or other drugs (Darunavir/Ritonavir, Maraviroc or Etravirine). Propensity score (PS) matching methods were used to account for baseline clinical differences. We used Kaplan-Meier method and Generalized Wilcoxon tests for the matched subset to evaluate probability of virologic suppression (PVL<50 copies/mL) during follow up. Comparison of Mortality rates, cases of toxicity, treatment interruption, virologic failure and loss of follow-up, were ascertained using Poisson regression.Results: 168 patients (123 on Raltegravir; 45 on other drugs). Of these, 90 patients were matched by PS, 45 patients from each group, equivalent to 98 person-years of follow-up. During follow-up, virologic suppression was similar for both regimens (77.8% vs 82.2%, p=0.73). During a mean follow-up of 1.09 (SD = 0.32) years rates of mortality (4.04 vs 6.18 persons per 100 person-years; p=0.67), drug toxicity (0.00 vs 2.06 persons per 100 person-years; p=0.49), treatment interruption (8.07 vs 0.00 persons per 100 person-years; p=0.06), virologic failure (2.02 vs 4.12 persons per 100 person-years; p=0.61) and loss of follow-up (6.05 vs 4.12 persons per 100 person-years; p=0.70) did not differ between Raltegravir and other salvage regimens recipients.Conclusion: Similar survival and virologic success rates were found for Raltegravir and other drugs for salvage regimens, with similar rates of drug toxicity, treatment interruption, virologic failure and loss of follow-up.
Prevalence of Frailty Indicators in Community-dwelling Older Adults From Northeastern Brazil, 2009-2015
Authors: Lacerda Adrianna Ribeiro , Eulálio Maria do Carmo , Júnior Edivan Gonçalves Silva , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre , Olinda Ricardo Alves , Costa Iris do Ceu Clara , Sousa Cláudia Santos Martiniano , Uchoa Severina Alice
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Frailty is a clinical syndrome, and its development is multifactorial and dynamic. The clinical indicators (physical measures and self-report) that characterize the syndrome tend to vary across studies. To determine the contributions of the indicators in the determination of frailty it is important to obtain data about the variations that occur among the levels of frailty. The aim of this study was to a) survey the prevalence of the frailty syndrome and of the indicators that compose the frailty phenotype in community-dwelling older adults, and b) to evaluate the contribution of each indicator in the determination frailty.METHODS: Prevalence study carried out with 163 older adults who participated in two assessments; the first one was performed in 2009 and after 70 months the second assessment was conducted. Assessment of physical measurements was performed to constitute the frailty phenotype (gait speed and handgrip strength) alongside self-report (fatigue, unintentional weight loss, and physical activity), as proposed by Fried. We used the McNemar’s test and Pearson’s chi-square to analyze the differences between means and Multinomial Logistic Regression values.RESULTS: There was an increase in the number of pre-frail older adults (from 47.85% to 65.03%) and frail ones (from 7.98% to 9.82%). The frailty indicators increased significantly (+ 8.6% for walking; + 6.8% for fatigue; + 6.8% for grip strength; + 1.2% for physical activity), except for the “weight loss” item (-3%). The indicators with the highest predictors of frailty in 2009 were fatigue (OR = 31.41; 95%CI 11.66-84-65, p<0.001) and weight loss (OR = 28.74; 95%CI 9.20-89.84, p<0.001). In the second assessment, the items that had the highest chance for developing frailty were slow gait (OR = 23.64; 95%CI 5.38-103.83, p<0.001) and muscle weakness (OR = 79.39; 95%CI 8.58-734.24, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: There was an increase in frail and pre-frail older adults during the two assessments and an increase in the indicators that mark the syndrome phenotype. The explanatory models of frailty changed in both assessments. The evolution of frailty signals the necessity for interventions to be carried out with older adults to delay the progress of declining faculties that threaten their health.
Physical Exertion at Work and Addictive Behaviors: Tobacco, Cannabis, Alcohol, Sugar and Fat Consumption: Longitudinal Analyses in trhe CONSTANCES Cohort
Authors: Hamieh Nadine , Descatha Alexis , Zins Marie , Goldberg Marcel , Czernichow Sébastien , Hoertel Nicolas , Plessz Marie , Roquelaure Yves , Limosin Frédéric , Lemogne Cédric , Matta Joane , Airagnes Guillaume
Published: August 2021

We examined the prospective association of physical exertion at work with subsequent tobacco, cannabis, alcohol use, and sugar and fat consumption. Volunteers of the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort currently employed were included from 2012–2017 for tobacco and cannabis outcomes (n = 100,612), and from 2012–2016 for alcohol and sugar and fat outcomes (n = 75,414). High level of physical exertion at work was defined as a score ≥ 12 at the Rating Perceived Exertion Borg scale. Substance use was self-reported and diet rich in sugar and fat was obtained from principal component analysis and analyzed as quartiles. Generalized linear models computed odds of substance use and sugar and fat consumption at follow-up according to baseline physical exertion at work, while adjusting for sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms and baseline level of consumption. High physical exertion was associated with tobacco use with dose-dependent relationships. It was also associated with increased odds of cannabis use at least once per month compared to no use in the past and with increased odds of diet rich in sugar and fat. Hence, the role of physical exertion at work on tobacco and cannabis use and diet rich in sugar and fat should be tackled for information and prevention strategies.
Health Service Needs From a Household Perspective: an Empirical Study in Rural Empty Nest Households in China
Authors: Cheng Xueyan , Zhang Liang
Published: August 2021

Objective: Household is a fundamental unit in many fields. This study was to analyse consistency degree and people’s health service needs from the perspective of household.Methods: A multi-stage random sampling was conducted. A total of 7293 individuals in 2715 households were interviewed, and 1606 individuals in 803 empty-nest households were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire was used to ask each individual about their health service needs in empty nest households. The consistency degree was calculated based on their consistent answers to the questionnaire, and a correlation analyse was used to study the relationship of individuals’ health service needs in the same empty nest households. A family collective model was used to analyse household-based health service needs.Results: Individual’s needs consistency rates in empty nest households, such as diagnosis and treatment service(H1), follow-up service for chronic disease(H2), telemedicine care(H3), physical examination service(H4), health education service(H5), mental healthcare(H6), and Chinese traditional medicine service(H7) were 40.30%, 89.13%, 98.85%, 58.93%, 57.95%, 72.84%, and 63.40%, respectively. Service needs of H1, H3, H4, H5, H7 for individuals in the same empty nest households had significant correlations with each other (r=0.404, 0.177, 0.286, 0.265, 0.220, P<0.001). Health service needs from a perspective of household in rural China mainly included H1 (12.4%), H4 (44.2%), H5 (26.9%) and H7(18.9%). Conclusions: Individuals in the same household are highly consistent with each other in health service needs. Individuals could affect other members’ health service needs in their households, when one of them get illness, their spouse would likely to have same health service needs to avoid getting disease or to keep health. In this study, health service needs in empty nest households are mainly concerned with health promotion and maintenance services, which could be an indicator for primary care to improve the effectiveness of service delivery, such as family doctor and family-based health insurance system. Also, more focus should be paid on households that need great help on different health services.
Acid Tolerant Bacterium Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens MBNC Retains Biocontrol Efficiency Against Fungal Phytopathogens in Low pH
Authors: Chowdhury Naimisha , Hazarika Dibya Jyoti , Goswami Gunajit , Sarmah Unmona , Borah Shrutirupa , Boro Robin Chandra , Barooah Madhumita
Published: August 2021

Soil pH conditions have important consequences for microbial community structure, their dynamics, ecosystem processes, and interactions with plants. Low soil pH affects the growth and functional activity of bacterial biocontrol agents which may experience a paradigm shift in their ability to act antagonistically against fungal phytopathogens. In this study, the antifungal activity of an acid tolerant soil bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBNC was evaluated under low pH and compared to its activity in neutral pH conditions. Bacterial supernatant from three-day old culture grown in low pH conditions were more effective against fungal pathogens. B. amyloliquefaciens MBNC harboured genes involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites of which surfactin homologues, with varying chain length (C11 – C15) were identified through High-Resolution Mass Spectroscopy. The pH of the medium influenced the production of these metabolites. Surfactin C15 was exclusive to the extract of pH 4.5; production of iturinA and surfactin C11 was detected only in pH 7.0 while, surfactin C12, C13 and C14 were detected in extracts of both the pH conditions. The secretion of phytohormones viz. Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and Gibberellic Acid (GA) by B. amyloliquefaciens MBNC were detected in higher amount in neutral condition compared to acidic condition. Although, secretion of metabolites and phytohormones in B. amyloliquefaciens MBNC was influenced by the pH condition of the medium, the isolate retained its antagonistic efficiency against several fungal phyto-pathogens under acidic condition.
In Silico Protein- Protein Interaction of Pteoris Volitans Venom With Cancer Inducers of Helicobacter Pylori
Authors: Ravi Guru Nivetha , Unnikrishnan Sneha , Navabshan Irfan , Ramalingam Karthikeyan
Published: August 2021

Gastric cancer is a pathological condition induced by bacteria Helicobacter pylori. Targeting the key virulence factors of H.pylori causing gastric cancer is one such promising method for treating gastric cancer. Recently research has been focussed on analysing the adrenergeric, cholinergeric and anticancer properties of their venom proteins. Testing the anticancer activity of the lethal proteins in the venom of P.volitans not only provides a bioactive compound for cancer treatment but is also helpful to eliminate the ecological imbalance caused by this fish in marine environment. This study is focused on an in silico approach using Z-dock for analysing the bioactive prospective of the venom proteins of P.volitans against the key virulence proteins of H.pylori responsible for inducing cancer. Our in silico docking study using computational model of the venom proteins and H.pylori proteins has displayed the possible interactions between these proteins. The results revealed that the venom proteins of P.volitans hyaluronidase and PV toxin a effectively interacts with H.pylori proteins Cag A, Cag L, GGT, Cag D and Urease and may be promising proteins in cancer therapy.