bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tous intouchables, lorsque la fragilité invite à la fraternité
Authors: de Cherisey Laurent
Published: August 2019

Chaque année, dix mille personnes ont un accident entraînant de lourds handicaps, et se pose la question du sens de la vie dans une société fondée sur l’efficacité. Laurent de Cherisey fonde des communautés où handicapés et valides vivent en colocation.
La brillante trajectoire de la “comète” Converteam
Authors: Battistella Florent
Published: August 2019

Une équipe organise le spin-off d’une division d’Alstom avec un tel succès qu’un second LBO associe les managers au capital. Se focalisant sur l’international et la R&D, elle sort renforcée de la crise de 2009. Une fois la société achetée par General Electric, l’équipe met son expérience au profit de plus petits projets.
Manager dans le service public : c’est possible !
Authors: Pellegrin Laurent
Published: August 2019

Dans la fonction publique, Laurent Pellegrin a développé un vrai talent de manageur, basé sur des valeurs fortes. En instillant un souffle nouveau et une fierté professionnelle retrouvée à ses agents, il prouve que, même au sein de l’Administration, la conduite du changement peut être une réussite.
L’intégration d’un robot déclenche la transformation technologique et organisationnelle d’une TPE
Authors: Klein Élisabeth
Published: August 2019

En 2011, dans une TPE, l’acquisition d’un robot de soudure accroît fortement sa productivité tout en transformant son management. L’entreprise s’est orientée vers une gestion beaucoup plus participative et collaborative, ce qui a permis une meilleure appropriation de la technologie...
Les Forces armées britanniques à l’aube du xxi e siècle
Authors: Razoux Pierre
Published: August 2019

Les Forces armées britanniques sont réputées pour leur extrême professionnalisme et leur très grande efficacité. Motivation, capacité d’adaptation, entraînement rigoureux, discipline impitoyable et salaires élevés permettent d’atteindre une telle renommée, mais il existe également un revers de la médaille… Confrontés aux enjeux de la réforme de l’Otan, de la montée en puissance de la PESD et du fossé capacitaire qui ne fait que s’accroître avec l’armée américaine, les responsables des Forces armées britanniques sont astreints à des choix fondamentaux. Dans un contexte tendu mis en évidence par un récent Livre blanc sur la défense, leurs choix seront indubitablement influencés par une crise irakienne dont l’issue jouera un rôle déterminant pour l’avenir de l’armée britannique.
Le Royaume-Uni, la France et la PESD : entre co-leadership volontariste et ambiguïté cordiale
Authors: Nivet Bastien
Published: August 2019

Alors qu’est célébré cette année le centenaire de l’Entente cordiale entre la France et le Royaume-Uni, cette contribution se propose d’étudier la relation franco-britannique à l’aune de l’engagement de ces deux pays en faveur de la Politique européenne de sécurité et de défense (PESD) de l’Union européenne (UE). Si l’engagement des deux pays en faveur de cette politique apparaît aujourd’hui incontestable, il s’est néanmoins construit à partir de réflexions et d’ambitions stratégiques différenciées, qui déterminent encore leur comportement dans la PESD. Porteuse de malentendus ou de tensions diplomatiques, cette dissonance dans le couple franco-britannique est aussi, peut-être, le reflet d’une capacité des États membres de l’UE à construire des positions de compromis et de nouvelles politiques, sans être nécessairement d’accord sur leur but ultime.
Conflits et religion : les cas de l’Irak et de la Syrie
Authors: Luizard Pierre-Jean
Published: August 2019

Il est troublant de constater à quel point l’évolution de deux pays arabes ayant connu, l’un, l’Irak, une occupation étrangère, l’autre, la Syrie, un Printemps arabe, a abouti à une même fragmentation communautaire qui est avant tout confessionnelle, mais aussi ethnique. Comme si, dans les deux cas, l’enjeu représenté par la religion l’avait emporté sur les considérations démocratiques et l’émergence des sociétés civiles. La régionalisation de conflits communautaires internes à chaque Etat semble effacer les frontières. N’assiste-t-on pas à une revanche de l’Histoire avec des processus d’effondrement d’Etats qui ont en commun d’être des créations coloniales à la légitimité peu assurée et aux frontières artificielles ? Un siècle après, la trahison par les Alliés des promesses tous azimuts faites aux Arabes, aux Kurdes, aux Arméniens et aux Assyro-chaldéens, semble resurgir dans la violence. Les uns et les autres s’étaient vus promettre des Etats ou des foyers nationaux indépendants s’ils se soulevaient contre l’Empire ottoman dont ils dépendaient. On sait ce qu’il en sera… La régionalisation autour d’enjeux confessionnels du conflit en Irak, puis en Syrie, montre bien que la question de la légitimité des Etats est posée. Créations coloniales dans leurs frontières comme dans leur conception (sous la forme d’Etat-nations arabes inachevés), ils n’ont pas permis aux sociétés civiles d’échapper aux pièges du confessionnalisme. Car c’est bien aussi dans la relation verticale entre l’Etat et les sociétés civiles que peut prendre forme un terrain propice à une démocratisation.
La mobilisation du religieux dans le conflit israélo-arabe
Authors: Dieckhoff Alain
Published: August 2019

La confrontation judéo-arabe, en Palestine, est éminemment politique, cela n’implique nullement que le religieux n’y a pas une part, une part changeante certes, mais indéniable. La dispute porte sur la Terre sainte, un lieu auquel les trois monothéismes sont attachés et met aux prises des Juifs et des Arabes (en majorité musulmans) qui, pour nombre d’entre eux, ont une proximité avec leur religion respective à la fois comme pratique et comme croyance. En soi cette identification religieuse est neutre, elle ne produit des effets que dans certains contextes historiques, lorsqu’elle se trouve mobilisée politiquement par des acteurs. Elle peut alors donner naissance à des « nationalismes religieux » - dans lesquels la visée nationale est totalement subsumée sous le projet religieux. Elles entretiennent du côté juif comme musulman des logiques d’absolu qui empêchent alors l’émergence de tout compromis.
Le paradigme stratégique pakistanais au piège des paramètres religieux
Authors: Racine Jean-Luc
Published: August 2019

L’évolution du Pakistan tend à manifester non pas un amoindrissement de la place du religieux mais plutôt une instrumentalisation de l’islam, à des fins de politique intérieure et d’ambitions stratégiques. Une instrumentalisation qui porte le risque d’une radicalisation rampante qui contredit l’idéologie initiale du Pakistan, telle qu’affichée par son père fondateur, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Cet article rappelle ce qu’est la place de l’islam dans la fondation même de la nation pakistanaise au milieu du XX e siècle. Il analyse ensuite le paradigme stratégique pakistanais tel qu’il s’affirme depuis les années 1990, et après le 11 septembre 2001, pour éclairer l’impasse dans laquelle les militaires, au cœur du pouvoir d’Etat, ont plongé le pays en entendant instrumentaliser l’islamisme combattant à des fins géopolitiques.
Stratégie qualitative et défense : l’entretien comme interaction sociale en milieu militaire
Authors: Deschaux-Dutard Delphine
Published: August 2019

Cet article s’intéresse aux questions de méthodologie en sociologie, et revient plus précisément sur la pratique de l’entretien de recherche dans le cadre de l’étude d’une institution sociale spécifique : l’armée. L’analyse du milieu de la défense, caractérisé par le rôle majeur du secret, implique ainsi une approche raisonnée de la méthodologie qualitative. Cette méthode offre certes un moyen riche et unique d’accéder aux données et aux acteurs du milieu militaire. Pour autant, ce milieu repose sur certaines particularités (hiérarchie, secret, langage socialement codifié). L’enjeu de cet article est donc, dans un premier temps, d’analyser le choix de cette méthodologie en terrain militaire, en prenant en compte une dimension particulière : la dimension comparative. Puis dans un second temps, nous nous proposons d’expliciter comment nous avons pratiqué l’entretien qualitatif en tant qu’interaction sociale auprès des acteurs militaires. Nous terminerons ainsi en analysant les défis que soulève la méthodologie qualitative dans une telle enquête, en nous appuyant sur une démarche réflexive. Un dernier aspect de l’article consiste à replacer la parole des acteurs militaires face au chercheur (qui plus est un chercheur féminin), en vue de sa mise à distance.
L’accès aux données confidentielles en milieu militaire : problèmes méthodologiques et éthiques d’un « positionnement intermédiaire »
Authors: Schmitt Olivier
Published: August 2019

Le terrain militaire n’est certainement pas le plus facile d’accès pour un chercheur et il nécessite des stratégies spécifiques pour la collecte d’informations. Le but de cet article est multiple : tout d’abord, il s’agit de réfléchir à la manière dont des données peuvent être recueillies dans un environnement militaire français, étranger, ou multinational. Ensuite, il s’agit de réfléchir au positionnement du chercheur au sein de cet environnement. Enfin, nous aborderons la valeur des données recueillies dans le contexte particulier des enquêtes que nous avons pu conduire. Nous examinerons la possibilité d’accéder à des archives, de conduire des entretiens ou d’observer des pratiques, et montrerons que la multiplicité des approches (triangulation méthodologique) permet d’obtenir des résultats relativement satisfaisants au regard de l’objectif d’enquête que nous nous sommes fixé.
La Démilitarisation paradoxale du pouvoir politique au Burkina Faso
Authors: Sampana Léon
Published: August 2019

Après la démission du président Compaoré à la suite du soulèvement populaire des 30 et 31 octobre 2014, les militaires s’emparent du pouvoir et s’immiscent dans la rédaction de la charte pour la transition. Mais la prise du pouvoir par l’armée est contestée par la communauté internationale et une partie de la société burkinabè qui exigent que les militaires rendent le pouvoir aux civils. L’armée cède le pouvoir à un Président civil, Michel Kafando, désigné par un collège électoral prévu par la charte. Les militaires n’abandonneront pas leur droit de regard sur le processus de transition politique en se positionnant au cœur des organes de la transition. Le compromis réalisé par les principaux acteurs de la scène civilo-militaire, c’est-à-dire l’armée, les leaders des partis politiques, et les organisations de la société civile débouche sur la constitutionnalisation de l’ingérence des militaires dans la vie politique. La transition civile se transforme en une transition civilo-militaire où l’armée apparaît comme un acteur clé du paysage politique burkinabè, paradoxe d’une démilitarisation du pouvoir politique, réclamée au lendemain de la chute du régime Compaoré.
Les institutions militaires sud-africaines et zairo-congolaises face aux processus démocratiques : éléments d’analyse politique et stratégique
Authors: Owona Nguini Mathias Éric
Published: August 2019

Les transitions démocratiques des États africains entre la fin des années 1980 et le début des années 2000 ont eu un impact sur les armées africaines en tant que formations prétoriennes. Ces changements politiques reconfigurent les « centralismes principautaires » qui modèlent leur conformation autoritaire et leurs systèmes militaro-sécuritaires (Owana Nguini, 2008 : 64). L’institutionnalisation des régimes démocratiques à forme parlementaire a remis en question la récurrence de la gouvernance politique africaine fondée sur l’arbitraire des régimes militaires de type autoritaire, dans lesquels la relation entre le « soldat » et « l’État » se construit sur un mode fusionnel (Huntington, 1957). Les tensions autour des formations militaires dans la structuration de nombreux États africains est telle que la transformation des régimes politiques s’est heurtée à des logiques de conversion post-autoritaires au cours des années 2000. Les États africains, en tant que formation sociale et historique, sont confrontés à des tensions qui les inscrivent sur la voie de l’autoritarisme et du parlementarisme contrôlés.
Varia : Le rôle politique de l’armée dans les pays d’Afrique lusophone
Authors: Fernandes Monteiro Neia
Published: August 2019

Cette bibliographie commentée pose la question du rôle politique de l’armée dans les pays d’Afrique lusophone, en particulier en Angola, en Mozambique et en Guinée-Bissau. L’absence d’une armée nationale dans ces pays, au profit de groupes armés affiliés à des partis politiques, nous interpelle à deux titres. D’abord cela révèle la fragilité des structures étatiques, notamment en matière de défense et de sécurité. Ensuite, il existe une relation de défiance entre les acteurs politiques et les militaires, alors même que les seconds devraient se soumettre aux premiers, en particulier au pouvoir exécutif. La récurrence de coups d’État ou de guerres civiles marque profondément les relations entre la sphère politique et l’institution militaire dans chacun de ces États. Ces instabilités ont pour premières victimes les populations qui souffrent continuellement des insuffisances des services publics étatiques. Dans chacun des pays considérés, l’État-nation est remis en cause à travers les jeux d’influence entre les gouvernements et les militaires. La question de la sécurité et de l’État de droit apparaît comme un enjeu majeur dans les Palop.
Pratiques de lecture littéraire et formation initiale : quels enjeux, quelles modalités ?
Authors: Tailhandier Séverine
Published: August 2019

L’objectif de l’étude est de questionner les liens entre formation initiale et recherche en didactique de la littérature, notamment pour mieux cerner certaines des difficultés liées à l’enseignement de la lecture littéraire, dès l’année de stage. L’auteure présente et questionne l’impact de différentes modalités de formation à partir de mêmes savoirs didactisés. L’étude de cas d’un enseignant stagiaire, inscrit dans l’un de ces temps de formation initiale, permet de réfléchir à des pistes pour mettre conjointement la recherche et la formation au service des besoins et des pratiques des enseignants.
Sécheresses et pénuries d’eau : je t’aime moi non plus
Authors: Metzger Alexis , Meschinet de Richemond Nancy
Published: August 2019

Cet article propose une clarification des deux termes usités pour parler d’un manque d’eau « anormal » en lien avec des facteurs naturels : sécheresse et pénurie d’eau. Il s’interroge tout d’abord sur les définitions et causes d’une sécheresse. L’article montre ensuite en quoi cloisonner les causes naturelles et anthropiques dans la construction d’un dualisme sécheresse / pénurie d’eau témoigne du poids d’héritages épistémologiques mais n’est pas forcément pertinent dans le contexte contemporain. L’article montre enfin que les sécheresses envisagées comme des risques sont des objets hybrides qui nécessitent d’adopter une démarche enjeu-centrée pour mieux caractériser des situations de manques d’eau anormales.
Le sentiment de l’intermittence
Authors: Daunais Isabelle
Published: August 2019

Le roman des années 1920 a multiplié les scènes dans lesquelles le personnage (ou le narrateur) se voit confronté à une transformation abrupte du temps et de ce qui l’y rattache : plutôt que d’apparaître dans sa continuité, le temps s’offre sous la forme de la contiguïté et de l’intermittence, le personnage se trouvant alors non plus emporté par le temps, mais placé face à lui, comme s’il en regardait le spectacle. Cet article propose de voir comment ces scènes emblématisent la manière dont la période de l’entre-deux-guerres s’est éprouvée et pensée comme époque.
Faire date et faire époque : Plupart du temps de Reverdy
Authors: Gallet Olivier
Published: August 2019

En 1945, Reverdy rassemble, en un geste de ressaisie qui embrasse toute la période de l’entre-deux-guerres, ses recueils des années 1915-1922 sous le titre Plupart du temps . Aragon leur consacre la première Chronique du Bel Canto  : la poésie de Reverdy lui apparaît « éternelle enfin d’être datée », « l’expression d’une époque ». Il y eut, de fait, dans l’histoire des avant-gardes poétiques une « époque Reverdy », entre la mort d’Apollinaire et l’avènement du surréalisme. Dans le régime conflictuel qui préside à la temporalité des avant-gardes, faire époque, c’est faire date et jouer sa partie dans les querelles de priorité.
1927 : fin du roman ?
Authors: Murat Michel
Published: August 2019

Le devenir d’un genre peut-il faire époque ? Oui, répondent Drieu la Rochelle et Emmanuel Berl en 1927, au moment où l’après-guerre se retourne en avant-guerre : « Tout est foutu », dit l’un, tandis que l’autre annonce « la fin du roman ». Alors même que le « liseur de romans » triomphe, le romancier a perdu la main. Berl montre comment la crise de la mimesis naturaliste, dont les bases épistémologiques sont effondrées, mine de l’intérieur la croyance au roman chez Mauriac ou chez Proust. Il prophétise la dissolution du roman dans la poésie : l’échec des Chemins de la liberté , la féerie célinienne, la lente dérive de Gracq, ne lui ont pas donné tort.
L’entre-deux-guerres n’aura pas lieu
Authors: Kalifa Dominique
Published: August 2019

« L’entre-deux-guerres » est un chrononyme qui fait sens et donc époque dans une extrême diversité de langues, l’un des plus universellement partagés ; mais il n’est nulle part ailleurs qu’en France chargé d’autant d’enjeux. Il s’impose dès 1940, y compris dans l’historiographie littéraire (Baldensperger, Brodin, Breton) ; mais il porte avec lui, de façon plus ou moins marquée, une interrogation sur « la responsabilité des maîtres » dans la défaite, qui le fragilise en l’idéologisant. Malgré son caractère d’évidence, la pertinence du chrononyme est, de fait, contestée par plusieurs mises en intrigues : l’hypothèse d’une « seconde Guerre de Trente ans » ; l’opposition entre le temps ouvert des « années folles » et le temps cyclique des « années 1930 ».
An Introduction to Intersection Graphs
Authors: Pal Madhumangal
Published: August 2019

In this chapter, a very important class of graphs called intersection graph is introduced. Based on the geometrical representation, many different types of intersection graphs can be defined with interesting properties. Some of them—interval graphs, circular-arc graphs, permutation graphs, trapezoid graphs, chordal graphs, line graphs, disk graphs, string graphs—are presented here. A brief introduction of each of these intersection graphs along with some basic properties and algorithmic status are investigated.
The Hyper-Zagreb Index and Some Properties of Graphs
Authors: Li Rao
Published: August 2019

Let G = (V(G), E(G)) be a graph. The complement of G is denoted by Gc. The forgotten topological index of G, denoted F(G), is defined as the sum of the cubes of the degrees of all the vertices in G. The second Zagreb index of G, denoted M2(G), is defined as the sum of the products of the degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices in G. A graph Gisk-Hamiltonian if for all X ⊂V(G) with|X| ≤ k, the subgraph induced byV(G) - Xis Hamiltonian. Clearly, G is 0-Hamiltonian if and only if G is Hamiltonian. A graph Gisk-path-coverableifV(G) can be covered bykor fewer vertex-disjoint paths. Using F(Gc) and M2(Gc), Li obtained several sufficient conditions for Hamiltonian and traceable graphs (Rao Li, Topological Indexes and Some Hamiltonian Properties of Graphs). In this chapter, the author presents sufficient conditions based upon F(Gc) and M2(Gc)for k-Hamiltonian, k-edge-Hamiltonian, k-path-coverable, k-connected, and k-edge-connected graphs.
Set-Valuations of Graphs and Their Applications
Authors: Augusthy Germina K.
Published: August 2019

A set-valuation of a graph G=(V,E) assigns to the vertices or edges of G elements of the power set of a given nonempty set X subject to certain conditions. A set-indexer of G is an injective set-valuation f:V(G)→2x such that the induced set-valuation f⊕:E(G)→2X on the edges of G defined by f⊕(uv)=f(u)⊕f(v) ∀uv∈E(G) is also injective, where ⊕ denotes the symmetric difference of the subsets of X. Set-valued graphs such as set-graceful graphs, topological set-graceful graphs, set-sequential graphs, set-magic graphs are discussed. Set-valuations with a metric, associated with each pair of vertices is defined as distance pattern distinguishing (DPD) set of a graph (open-distance pattern distinguishing set of a graph (ODPU)) is ∅≠M⊆V(G) and for each u∈V(G), fM(u)={d(u,v): v ϵ M} be the distance-pattern of u with respect to the marker set M. If fM is injective (uniform) then the set M is a DPD (ODPU) set of G and G is a DPD (ODPU)-graph. This chapter briefly reports the existing results, new challenges, open problems, and conjectures that are abound in this topic.
Applying Graph Theory to Detect Cases of Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing
Authors: Miloslavskaya Natalia G. , Nikiforov Andrey , Plaksiy Kirill , Tolstoy Alexander
Published: August 2019

A technique to automate the generation of criminal cases for money laundering and financing of terrorism (ML/FT) based on typologies is proposed. That will help an automated system from making a decision about the exact coincidence when comparing the case objects and their links with those in the typologies. Several types of subgraph changes (mutations) are examined. The main goal to apply these mutations is to consider other possible ML/FT variants that do not correspond explicitly to the typologies but have a similar scenario. Visualization methods like the graph theory are used to order perception of data and to reduce its volumes. This work also uses the foundations of information and financial security. The research demonstrates possibilities of applying the graph theory and big data tools in investigating information security incidents. A program has been written to verify the technique proposed. It was tested on case graphs built on the typologies under consideration.
Formalization and Discrete Modelling of Communication in the Digital Age by Using Graph Theory
Authors: Romansky Radi Petrov
Published: August 2019

Globalization is an important characteristic of the digital age which is based on the informatization of the society as a social-economical and science-technical process for changing the information environment while keeping the rights of citizens and organizations. The key features of the digital age are knowledge orientation, digital representation, virtual and innovative nature, integration and inter-network interactions, remote access to the information resources, economic and social cohesion, dynamic development, etc. The graph theory is a suitable apparatus for discrete presentation, formalization, and model investigation of the processes in the modern society because each state of a process could be presented as a node in a discrete graph with connections to other states. The chapter discusses application of the graph theory for a discrete formalization of the communication infrastructure and processes for remote access to information and network resources. An extension of the graph theory like apparatus of Petri nets is discussed and some examples for objects investigation are presented.
Recent Developments on the Basics of Fuzzy Graph Theory
Authors: Ghorai Ganesh , Jacob Kavikumar
Published: August 2019

In this chapter, the authors introduce some basic definitions related to fuzzy graphs like directed and undirected fuzzy graph, walk, path and circuit of a fuzzy graph, complete and strong fuzzy graph, bipartite fuzzy graph, degree of a vertex in fuzzy graphs, fuzzy subgraph, etc. These concepts are illustrated with some examples. The recently developed concepts like fuzzy planar graphs are discussed where the crossing of two edges are considered. Finally, the concepts of fuzzy threshold graphs and fuzzy competitions graphs are also given as a generalization of threshold and competition graphs.
The Hyper-Zagreb Index and Some Properties of Graphs
Authors: Li Rao
Published: August 2019

Let G=(V(G),E(G)) be a graph. The forgotten topological index of G, denoted F(G), is defined as ∑v∈V(G) (d(v))3. The second Zagreb index of G, denoted M2(G), is defined as ∑uv∈E(G) d(u)d(v). The hyper-Zagreb index of G, denoted HZ(G), is defined as F(G)+2M2 (G). The authors consider only finite undirected graphs without loops or multiple edges. Lots of theorems have been presented along with related results. Using the hyper-Zagreb index of the complement of a graph, they present sufficient conditions for some properties of the graph.
With a Little Help from My Friends
Authors: McMahon Daithi
Published: August 2019

Ireland has faced significant economic hardship since 2008, with the Irish radio industry suffering as advertising revenues evaporated. The difficult economic circumstances have forced radio station management to devise new and cost effective ways of generating much-needed income. The answer has come in the form of Facebook, the leading Social Network Site (SNS) in Ireland. Using Ireland as a case study, this chapter looks at how radio station management are utilising the social network strategically in a bid to enhance their audiences and revenues. Radio station management consider Facebook to be an invaluable promotional tool which is very easily integrated into radio programming and gives radio a digital online presence, reaching far greater audiences than possible through broadcasting. Some radio stations are showing ambition and are realising the marketing potential that Facebook and other SNSs hold. However, key changes in practice, technology and human resources are required to maximise the profit-making possibilities offered by Facebook.
The Personalized and Personal “Mass” Media – From “We-Broadcast” to “We-Chat”
Authors: Zhang Yu
Published: August 2019

China's two major social media, the microblog Weibo and the messaging service WeChat have played important roles in representing citizens' voices and bringing about social changes. They often grow an ordinary event into a national debate as in the case of the Bi Fujian incident. They have also turned ordinary Chinese citizens into amateur reporters, empowering them to influence on issues that matter to them. An equalizer of power and discourse opportunity, the personalized and personal social media “weapons” are delivering the much needed social justice and consolation to the Chinese citizens amid widespread injustice, inequality, hypocrisy, indifference and corruption in the Chinese society.
The Resistance of Memories and the Story of Resistance
Authors: Dilber Fadime
Published: August 2019

This study focused on the relationship of cross-media and social movements. The role of the new media in social mobility has gained a universal qualification though not directly but with the function as a communication platform between individuals by informing and guiding them all. Coup attempt on July 15, 2016 is one of the most important events in the history of the Republic of Turkey. In this coup attempt, the media, contrary to other coups, moved with the people who went out to the streets as an anti-coup. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan invited the public to social movement by using the mass media and new media in the prevention of the coup attempt of July 15th. When the attitude of the national media is supported by citizens and mass media, new media and those struggling against the coup have gained strength and helped to make the coup attempt unsuccessful. This chapter examines the story structure of struggle exhibited against the July 15 coup attempt in the transmedia.
Social Media as Public Political Instrument
Authors: Maulana Ikbal
Published: August 2019

Due to its large number public cannot gather in one place and speak as a single voice, and consequently it cannot represent itself. However, public is always needed as political legitimation, therefore political forces compete to make their own definitions of public and use them as the basis of political claims. To make their definition of public close to the real people, democratic mechanisms have been developed. Once in a number of years, people elect candidates who will represent and govern them. But, most of the time they will be silent and ignored by the changing dynamics of politics. Conventional media does not help the public much to express its voice. Most often it becomes the tool of the elite for indoctrination or the mobilizing of bias. However, social media might empower people, because it allows them to voice their own concerns and to have conversation with each other. But, to have a real impact, the conversation must be directed to solve a real problem. Leadership is required to mobilize people's voice virtually and then turn it into a real political pressure.
The Politics of Immersive Storytelling
Authors: Stiegler Christian
Published: August 2019

This article applies and extends the concept of social media logic to assess the politics of immersive storytelling on digital platforms. These politics are considered in the light of what has been identified as mass media logic, which argues that mass media in the 20th century gained power by developing a commanding discourse that guides the organization of the public sphere. The shift to social media logic in the 21st century, with its grounding principles of programmability, popularity, connectivity, and datafication, influenced a new discourse on the logics of digital ecosystems. Digital platforms such as Facebook are offering all-surrounding mediated environments to communicate in Virtual Reality (‘Facebook Spaces') as well as immersive narratives such as Mr. Robot VR. This article provides an understanding of the politics of immersive storytelling and of its underlying principles of programmability, user experience, popularity, and platform sociality, which define immersive technologies in the 21st century.
Portrayal of Women in Nollywood Films and the Role of Women in National Development
Authors: Usaini Suleimanu , Chilaka Ngozi M. , Okorie Nelson
Published: August 2019

This study investigates how women are portrayed in Nollywood films, as well as the interpretation of their representations. It aims at understanding how the images of women are reflected in films, with a focus on investigating the influence of such portrayals on their role in national development. The methods adopted were Quantitative Content Analysis (five Nollywood films were content analysed) and Focus Group Discussion (three sessions of FGD were organised). Data collected and analysed show that over two-thirds of major female characters analysed were portrayed as dependent, 80% were depicted in such situations of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, while only 30% of the major female characters were portrayed as career professionals and intellectuals. It was observed from the analyses that portrayals and representations of women have negative influences on their contributions towards national development. The study concludes, therefore, that positive portrayal of women in Nollywood films should be encouraged. This can only be made possible through changing the narrative style of the film scripts. This is a call for more female script writers and directors to be involved in charting the narratives that will adequately give women a voice, new roles, and the right representation in Nollywood films.
The Uses of Science Statistics in the News Media and on Daily Life
Authors: Brandao Renata Faria
Published: August 2019

Statistical information as part of news reports of science is intended to legitimate the accounts of evidence based on peer-reviewed data. Indeed, the persuasive power of numbers can be seen in newsrooms as it supports and validates arguments (Boyle, 2000; Eberstadt, 1995; Goldacre, Bad Science, 2009; Hacking, 1965; Livingston & Voakes, 2005; Lugo-Ocando & Brandão, 2015). Nonetheless, these mathematical abstractions can also be used as a means to misinform the public (Huff, 1954; Moore, 1997). This chapter, thus, seeks both to understand how journalists use scientific statistics as a means to communicate current scientific research as well as how the public decodes this information. It proposes to address the construction of scientific statistics by journalists and its deconstruction by the public at large through a cross-Atlantic comparison of the uses of mathematics in science news and on daily life.
Naming Crime Suspects in the News
Authors: Blom Robin
Published: August 2019

Whereas some news outlets fully identify crime suspects with name, age, address, and other personal details, other news outlets refuse to fully identify any crime suspect—or even people who have been convicted for a crime. News media from a variety of countries have accused and fully identified people of being responsible for crimes, although those persons turned out to be innocent. Yet, when someone types the names of those people in online search engines, for many, stories containing the accusations will turn up at the top of the search results. This chapter examines the positive and negative aspects from those practices by examining journalistic routines in a variety of countries, such as the United States, Nigeria, and The Netherlands. This analysis demonstrates that important ethical imperatives—often represented in ethics codes of professional journalism organizations—can be contradictory in these decision-making processes. Journalists need to weigh whether they would like to “seek truth and report it” or “minimize harm” when describing crime suspects.
Mediatized Witnessing and the Ethical Imperative of Capture
Authors: Scott Sasha A Q
Published: August 2019

What does it mean to witness in an age saturated with media technology? This paper argues the need to rescue witnessing as a concept from its conflation with the watching and passive consumption of events. As an inherently political practice, the mediatization of witnessing is bound within questions of ethics and morality and has the potential to realign power and control in society. This article explores these issues through the witnessing of public death events: those shocking, exceptional and morally significant deaths that become ‘public' through their mediation, observing that the continuous and contiguous production and consumption of media content has given rise to new performative rituals of local witnessing for (potentially) global audiences. I argue that the mediatization of witnessing serves to increase our moral awareness of seeing, rendering an ethical imperative of capture on those that witness, and thereby closing the veracity gap between events and their meaning.
Online Free Expression and Its Gatekeepers
Authors: Kulesza Joanna
Published: August 2019

This chapter covers the pressing issues of online free expression at the time of global telecommunication services and social media. What once was the domain of the state has become the prerogative of private global companies – it is their terms of service and sense of social responsibility that have replaced local perceptions of morality and set limits to individual personal rights. Whether protecting privacy or defending against defamation, it is the Internet Service Provider who can offer tools far more effective and prompt than any national court and law enforcement agency. And even though the right to free expression is firmly rotted in the global standard of article 19 UDHR, nowhere than online are the differences in its interpretation, originated by history, morality and religion, more palpable. The paper aims to discuss each of the three composite rights of free expression (the right to hold, impart and receive information and ideas) and identify the actual limitations originated by national laws. The author emphasizes states' positive obligation to take active measures aimed at protecting free expression, ensuring that all human rights are “protected, respected and remedied”. This obligation makes the interrelationship between national lawmakers and international telecommunication service providers complex as the latter serve as the actual gate keepers of free expression in the information society. The paper covers a discussion on how different countries deal with this challenge through various approaches to ISP liability, including the notice-and-take down procedure as well as content filtering (preventive censorship). The author goes on to criticize those mechanisms as enabling ISPs too much freedom in deciding upon the shape and scope of individuals' right to impart and receive information.
Interacting with Whom?
Authors: Svensson Jakob , Larsson Anders Olof
Published: August 2019

This article explores Swedish Parliamentarians' Twitter practices during the 2014 general elections. For individual candidates, the political party is important for positions within the party and on the ballot, especially in a party-centered democracy. A previous qualitative (n)ethnographic research project during the previous elections in 2010, in which one campaigning politician was studied in-depth, found that her social media practices to a large extent were inward-facing, focusing on the own party network. But does this result resonate among all Swedish Parliamentarians? Specifically, the authors ask: is Twitter primarily used interactively, for intra-party communication, to interact with strategic voter groups or voters in general? By analyzing all Parliamentarians tweets two weeks up to the elections the authors conclude that retweeting was done within a party political network while @messaging was directed towards political opponents. Mass media journalists and editorial writers were important in Parliamentarians' Twitter practices, while so-called ordinary voters were more absent.
Media Coverage of the 2009 Afghan Presidential Election
Authors: Strelluf Christopher
Published: August 2019

This chapter examines news stories about Afghanistan's 2009 presidential election from six Afghan news sources. It characterizes the overall topic selections of Afghan news sources, their election-focused topics, and some of the ways that election stories are framed for readers. It finds that, despite tremendous obstacles that journalists faced in Afghanistan, the news sources leveled a range of critiques against incumbent president Hamid Karzai, the Afghan government, and foreign governments. In particular, accusations of corruption were a prominent and unifying theme. At the same time, foreign news sources and stories focusing on foreign interests were heavily represented in Afghan news sources, leaving doubt as to how much the perspectives and experiences of Afghans were represented in media.
Awareness and Education on Viral Infections in Nigeria Using Edutainment
Authors: Usaini Suleimanu , Kayode-Adedeji Tolulope , Omole Olufunke , Oyedepo Tunji
Published: August 2019

Researches in clinical and medical science have shown that Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B, and to some extent Hepatitis C viruses, constitute a major public health challenge in the Sub-Saharan Africa. This is without prejudice to the Ebola virus disease (EVD) that is more deadly than the other three put together, and had affected some countries in West Africa- Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea. There is little awareness and education via the mass media on some common viral infections in Nigeria like Hepatitis compared to HIV. Therefore, there is dire need for information, sensitisation and education on the viruses, means of transmission, preventive measures and also therapy. Edutainment is the fusion of education into entertainment programming which can come in form of drama, music, poetry and lots more, and it had been used as a platform to create awareness for positive reproductive health and HIV/AIDS by leading health organisations like WHO, USAID, DFID, SFH, and UNFPA. This paper therefore, examines why edutainment should be used and how it can be used to educate media audience in Nigeria on some viral infections that pose serious health risks and how they can live healthy lives.
The Benefits and Challenges of New Media for Intercultural Conflict
Authors: Johnson Amy Janan , Lee Sun Kyong , Cionea Ioana A. , Massey Zachary B.
Published: August 2019

This chapter examines current research on intercultural interactions over new media with a particular emphasis on those studies involving conflict. Two main points are emphasized: 1) new media have several characteristics that differentiate them from traditional forms of media and shape intercultural conflict, providing benefits but also creating challenges not encountered before; and 2) traditional theoretical explanations of the relationship between media and conflict are inadequate for explaining the role that individual and group characteristics play in intercultural conflict in the digital age. Certain theories are discussed in relation to the second point. Overall, the chapter proposes questions that could advance research in this emerging area.
Postracial Justice and the Trope of the “Race Riot”
Authors: Heusel Jennifer
Published: August 2019

This chapter examines the trope of “race riot” as a rhetorical strategy in news media that disciplines race-conscious protest. Adopting a rhetorical genealogy inspired by Michel Foucault, the analysis reads together the news reports about the 1906 riots in Atlanta, Georgia and the 2014 unrest in Ferguson, Missouri. The century dividing these two events may seem too distant, but is necessary in order to identify the legacies of state-sponsored white supremacy that continue to shape expressions of “justice” in the United States. Although white supremacy is generally understood as no longer relevant, racial violence against people of color remains legitimate while exercised by those enforcing law and order. Attention on two racial-antagonistic events divided by a century can assist in highlighting the discursive legacies of state-sponsored white supremacy. The chapter concludes with contemplation on postracial justice, or the expression of justice that is assumed to be beyond the influence of race.
Using Media to Resolve Media Engendered Ethnic Conflicts in Multiracial Societies
Authors: Lando Agnes Lucy
Published: August 2019

Due to varied reasons, all nations host people of diverse cultural backgrounds. Kenya, a nation of 40 million people with over 40 tribes, is not exempt. Further, Kenya, like any other nation, suffers ethnic conflicts. The most pronounced ethnic conflicts have been the 2007-2008 Post Election Violence and the 1990s land clashes. These clashes were visible to the local and international community because people were killed, displaced and properties destroyed. However, there is a covert ethnic conflict in Kenya. This is the subtle plight of the Somalis of Kenya origin who find themselves in constant conflict with the “other” Kenyans. Based on 2014 research findings, this chapter exposes the ethnic conflicts Somalis of Kenyan origin endure. From the findings, it is apparent that the ethnic plights of Somalis of Kenyan origin are media engendered and can, to a great extent, be resolved by media.
Boko Haram Insurgency in Cameroon
Authors: Kunock Afu Isaiah
Published: August 2019

Cameroon has recently become a target of deadly attacks including shootings, kidnappings and suicide bombings by the Islamic insurgent group Boko Haram. Cognizant of the fact that Cameroon has not experienced anything like this since independence, the Cameroon mass media is challenged as to how to appropriately report this insurgency in a manner that will result in conflict containment and management rather than escalation. The researcher set to examine the role of the media in managing this armed conflict through the critical analysis of documents as well as interviews and observations from the theoretical perspective of framing. Framing by the media has been a very effective strategy in managing the conflict by mobilizing the national population against the sect while maintaining calm and lessening panic and anxiety. This effort by Cameroon media is highly commended although more still needs to be done.
Design and Implementation of a Smart Mechatronic Elbow Brace
Authors: Minh Vu Trieu , Tamre Mart , Safonov Aleksei , Musalimov Victor , Kovalenko Pavel , Monakhov Iurii
Published: August 2019

This project develops a design and implementation of a smart mechatronic brace used as a rehabilitation device for elbow injury patients training their bone ligaments and muscles, and recovering at home. The proposed brace is designed to be low cost and to fit large different users since it is able to be regulated and combined with reliable mechanical and electronic parts, and to correspond to high safety requirements. Electromyography (EMG) sensors are used above the skin to measure the biopotential signals from the muscles to detect the human motion intention, and then, to recognize the flexion/extension movement. Data of the human motion intention and direction are processed and converted into the pulse-width modulation signals (PWM) to run DC motors. A prototype for this brace is fabricated and tested with real human motion intentions and directions. The DC motors can follow well the human motions with the error of less than 70 over a moving angle of 1200.
Membrane Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems for Industrial Applications
Authors: Versaci Mario , Morabito Francesco Carlo
Published: August 2019

The objective of this chapter is to provide the analytical-numerical tools for the simplified rewriting of the most important mathematical models of MEMS membrane devices for Mechatronics, exploiting advanced concepts and results in the theory of curves and surfaces. Moreover, when the solution in closed form could not be obtained (that is, it is impossible to obtain the membrane deflection analytically), some consolidated techniques will be described both to obtain conditions ensuring existence/uniqueness of the solution, and the most suitable approaches for obtaining numerical solutions in the absence of ghost solutions. Finally, some practical examples will illustrate the approaches presented.
A Modular Structured Architecture Using Smart Devices for Socially-Embedded Robot Partners
Authors: Woo Jinseok , Kubota Naoyuki
Published: August 2019

Recently, robot architectures with various structures have been developed to improve the human quality of life. Such a robot needs various capabilities such as learning, inference, and prediction for human interaction, and such capabilities are interconnected with each other as a whole system. In the development of a socially-embedded robot partner, human-robot interaction plays an important role. Therefore, in order to develop a socially embedded robot partner, we must consider human communication system. Human Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior should be considered in the development process of the robot partner, and if these factors are fully reflected in the robot partner, then the robot can be used as a socially-friendly robot partner. This book chapter is organized as follows: First, we describe the hardware and software structures. Next, we discuss the cognitive model of the robot partners. Third, we discuss interaction content design for various services. Finally, we discuss the contents of society implementation, and discuss the applicability of robots for social utilization.
Detection of Traffic Signs and Road Users From a Moving Vehicle
Authors: Müller-Schneiders Stefan , Wiemers Rajen
Published: August 2019

The topic of this chapter is the implementation and analysis of vision algorithms for the detection of static and dynamic objects in videos. These algorithms are typically components of the visual perception module of modern driver-assistance systems or even autonomous cars. Whereas the vast majority of today's papers from the vision community use convolutional deep neural networks (CNNs), this chapter explores the more traditional approaches, namely HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradients) as well as SVM (Support Vector Machine). The static and dynamic objects to be recognized are traffic signs and motorcycles, respectively. These two object classes have been chosen since traffic signs are relatively easy to detect and motorcycles state a much more complex task. Thus, this chapter tackles differently difficult tasks with a single set of algorithms.