bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Director–Shareholder Dialogues Behind the Scenes: Searching for a Balance Between Freedom of Expression and Market Fairness
Authors: Mosca Chiara
Published: December 2018

The freedom of speech of European issuers’ directors is subject to severe restrictions. This article aims to cast light on the behind-the-scenes dialogues that occur between shareholders and directors, and on the boundaries that directors cannot cross when selectively speaking to shareholders outside of general meetings. The article proposes considerations that may apply to a broad range of cases. Not only may boards of directors need to involve their main shareholders in decision-making processes, but boards may also face institutional investors’ requests to arrange specific discussions on company matters. Such engagement aligns with the latest trend in corporate governance that calls for the increasing involvement of institutional investors in ongoing dialogue with the board, thus placing directors in a delicate position under the influence of management and of the voice of shareholders. The result is a framework in which behind-the-scenes dialogues are not governed by the principle of shareholder democracy, while rules governing shareholders’ meetings are. The board of directors may organise private meetings with the most influential or ‘vocal’ shareholders (as market sounding procedures clearly envisage), in which only some shareholders are invited to participate, without violating the principle of equal treatment. However, the article points out that (i) strict limitations on transmittable content in these situations derive from the European Market Abuse Regulation, and (ii) the principle of equal access to information, convincingly adopted in the European system, significantly affects the conduct of selective dialogues with shareholders. When directors speak to shareholders, engaging in selective or improper disclosure might be just around the corner.
Long-acting intramuscular ACTH stimulation test for the diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency in children
Authors: Sharma Rajni , Madathil Shamnad , Maheshwari Vivek , Roy Kakali , Kumar Brijesh , Jain Vandana
Published: December 2018

Background

The diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency (AI) is based on the basal and stimulated levels of serum cortisol in response to the short Synacthen test (SST). In patients with secondary AI (SAI) due to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis defects, the SST has been validated against the insulin tolerance test (ITT), which is the gold standard. However, injection Synacthen is not easily available in some countries, and endocrinologists often use Acton-Prolongatum (intramuscular [IM] long-acting adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH]) in place of Synacthen. There are no studies validating the use of IM-ACTH in children with suspected AI. We evaluated the diagnostic value of the IM-ACTH test against the ITT for the diagnosis of SAI in children.

Methods

All children with suspected growth hormone deficiency (GHD) undergoing a routine ITT were evaluated using the IM-ACTH test within 1 week.

Results

Forty-eight patients (36 boys/12 girls, age range: 5–14 years) were evaluated using both the ITT and the IM-ACTH test. Twenty-eight patients had a normal cortisol response (≥18 μg/dL, 500 nmol/L) in the ITT and 20 had low values. In patients with a normal cortisol response on the ITT, the peak value obtained after the IM-ACTH test was higher than that on the ITT (28.7 μg/dL [± 8.8] vs. 23.8 μg/dL [± 4.54], respectively; p=0.0012). Compared to the ITT, the sensitivity and specificity of the IM-ACTH test for the diagnosis of SAI at cortisol cut-offs <18 μg/dL (500 nmol/L) and <22 μg/dL (600 nmol/L) were 57.1% and 92.8%, and 100% and 73.5%, respectively.

Conclusions

A peak cortisol value <18 μg/dL on the IM-ACTH test is highly suggestive of SAI, whereas a value >22 μg/dL rules out SAI.
Patch occupancy and activity pattern of the spotted paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) in a protected area of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: Ferreguetti Atilla C. , Tomas Walfrido M. , Bergallo Helena G.
Published: December 2018

The spotted paca Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766) is a medium-sized caviomorph rodent of the Cuniculidae family that mainly inhabits tropical forests, but may occur in other habitat types, often associated with water bodies. We aimed to verify which factors influence the spatial and temporal distribution of C. paca in the Vale Natural Reserve (VNR), Espírito Santo, Brazil. We used 39 camera traps to model occupancy and detectability and to estimate the species activity period. The spotted paca showed high occupancy at low distances from water resources and high densities of palm species. The species avoided areas with high poaching intensity, and activity frequency was reduced by extreme temperature and by a higher intensity of poaching. We conclude that in the VNR, the C. paca is a nocturnal species and that it is necessary to assess other elements that could potentially affect the spatial and temporal distribution of the spotted paca in the Atlantic Forest.
Nesting Monte Carlo for high-dimensional non-linear PDEs
Authors: Warin Xavier
Published: December 2018

A new method based on nesting Monte Carlo is developed to solve high-dimensional semi-linear PDEs.
Depending on the type of non-linearity, different schemes are proposed and
theoretically studied: variance error are given and it is shown that the bias of the schemes can be controlled.
The limitation of the method is that the maturity or the Lipschitz constants of the non-linearity should not be too high in order to avoid an explosion of the computational time.
Many numerical results are given in high dimension for cases where analytical solutions are available or where some solutions can be computed by deep-learning methods.
Crystal structure of 2-(piperidin-1-ium-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-3-ium dichloride dihydrate, C12H21Cl2N3O2
Authors: Cai Bin , Li Shu-Jing , Liu Gui-Jie , Shi Xiao-Ming , Du Chao-Jun
Published: December 2018

C12H21Cl2N3O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.2704(7) Å, b = 11.4750(12) Å, c = 18.7004(19) Å, β = 95.475(2)°, V = 1553.0(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0372, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1022, T = 296(2) K.
Nasopharyngeal mites Halarachne halichoeri (Allman, 1847) parasitizing the gray seal Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius, 1791) in the Baltic Sea with notes on other parasitic Halarachnidae associated with marine mammals
Authors: Rolbiecki Leszek , Izdebska Joanna N. , Bidziński Konrad , Jankowska-Jarek Martyna
Published: December 2018

Parasitic arthropods of marine mammals are relatively poorly understood, with the least amount of data on the occurrence of parasitic arthropods in these hosts. Thus far, only seal lice Echinophthirius horridus (von Olfers, 1816) have been found in the Baltic seals, while there was no information about the presence of parasitic mites in these mammals. The nasopharyngeal mite Halarachne halichoeri (Allman, 1847) has recently been found in the gray seal Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius, 1791), representing a new species (and new genus) for the Polish fauna. Sixty three specimens were found in the nasal cavity and the trachea, including 18 females and 45 males. This is also the first documented record of Halarachnidae in seals of the Baltic Sea. A checklist of parasitic Halarachnidae known from marine mammals is also provided.
Preparation of particulate polyvinylidene fluoride membranes of different particle sizes for membrane distillation applications
Authors: Yang Cheng-Dau , Chang Hsu-Hsien , Cheng Liao-Ping
Published: December 2018

Microporous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were prepared by immersion precipitation of dimethylformamide/PVDF solutions, dissolved at 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C in a nonsolvent bath. The formed membranes (M50, M60, M70, and M80) exhibited symmetric structures consisting of spherical particles whose size increased from ~1 μm for M50 to ~3 μm for M80. The desalination capabilities of the membranes were assessed via the direct contact membrane distillation process. For the case of desalting 3.5% NaCl(aq), very high rejection ratios (>99.7%) were achieved for all tested membranes under the operation conditions: T
hot stream=52°C, T
cold stream=18°C, circulation rate=0.7 l/min, while the highest permeation flux obtainable was 16.3 l/m2h (LMH). When the feed temperature or circulation rate was raised, the permeation flux increased correspondingly. On the other hand, raising the salt concentration resulted in a strong decrease of the permeation flux. For the membrane M60 operated over the period of 48 h, the flux decreased slightly from 11.6 to 10.5 LMH, while the conductivity increased from 1.5 to 27 μs/cm indicating the occurrence of slight surface wetting during this extended operation period.
Building a High-Performance Model for Sport: A Human Development-Centered Approach
Authors: Turner Anthony N. , Bishop Chris , Cree Jon , Carr Paul , McCann Andy , Bartholomew Brett , Halsted Laurence
Published: December 2018

ALL TEAMS SHOULD AIM TO DEVELOP A HUMAN DEVELOPMENT-CENTERED HIGH-PERFORMANCE MODEL FOR SPORT (HPMS). A MODEL CAN UNITE A TEAM TOWARD A SHARED VISION, ACTING AS A CLEAR SIGN OF WHY THE PERFORMANCE PROGRAM EXISTS, AND WHY ATHLETES SHOULD TRUST THEIR CAREERS IN THEM. IT ALSO RECOGNIZES THE MERITS OF AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO ESTABLISHING A TRAINING SYSTEM, THEREBY ENSURING OBJECTIVITY AND BEST PRACTICE. FINALLY, THE MODEL CAN SUPPORT AND PROMOTE A HOLISTIC, WHOLE PERSON-CENTERED APPROACH, WHERE THE PURSUIT OF SPORTING ACCOLADES IS BALANCED AGAINST THE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF ITS PARTICIPANTS. THE AIM OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO ASSIST THE READER IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A HPMS.
Automating ASTM D2983 Low-Temperature Viscosity Measurements
Authors: Henderson Kenneth O. , Mastropierro Joseph T. , Patterson Reid A.
Published: December 2018

The low-temperature viscosity of lubricants and hydraulic fluids is a key performance parameter in choosing an appropriate fluid. For gear oils, Automatic Transmission Fluids (ATF), and hydraulic fluids, ASTM D2983 is the primary test method for defining this low-temperature property. This article describes an approach to automatically measure this property for the aforementioned categories of products. It retains the critical aspects of D2983, which are the preheating, thermal conditioning from room temperature to test temperature, viscometer, rotor, and viscosity measurement criteria. Thermal conditioning follows that described in Annex 2 of D2983, and when complete, the viscosity is automatically measured. This requires a digital rotational viscometer with the capability to record viscosity and temperature as a key element in making the needed measurements. As described in D2983, viscosity measurements are made at discrete shear rate intervals (spindle speeds) for a set period of time. Upon the completion of a test, the data file contains a history of the thermal conditioning (time and temperature), plus the viscosity and torque at each spindle speed. By automating the procedure, the sample is undisturbed from the start of the test until the viscosity measurements begin. This eliminates errors due to sample preparation and temperature control throughout the test. Since the spindle is immersed in the sample throughout the test, the viscosity is measured on an undisturbed sample. All of this results in consistent thermal conditioning and a controlled temperature during viscosity measurement and eliminates operator-induced variance. Data on ASTM Proficiency Test Program samples and other commercial products indicate significant improvement in precision. The samples evaluated include ATF, automotive gear oils, and other products. An abbreviated procedure is described that could be suitable for some samples. This is achieved by shortening the soak time at the test temperature, but following the same thermal conditioning process prior to the soak at the test temperature.
Long-term impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil well blowout on methane oxidation dynamics in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Rogener Mary Katherine , Bracco Annalisa , Hunter Kimberley S. , Saxton Matthew A. , Joye Samantha B.
Published: December 2018

The Deepwater Horizon oil well blowout discharged an unprecedented amount of methane into the water column of the northern Gulf of Mexico between April and July 2010. The methanotrophic community bloomed in response to the sustained methane release, resulting in the highest methane oxidation rates measured in the water column of an open ocean environment to date. To assess the long-term impact and recovery of the northern Gulf of Mexico methanotrophic community, we tracked methane dynamics for five years post-blowout. We determined methane concentration and methane oxidation rates at 31 different sites, resulting in ~900 discrete water column samples across the northern Gulf ecosystem, the largest compilation of methane oxidation rate measurements in an offshore ocean environment. Though methane concentrations approached pre-blowout concentrations within one year, methane oxidation rates exhibited a more gradual trend of decreasing activity. These results suggest that Gulf-wide circulation patterns dispersed and redistributed methanotrophic biomass that bloomed and accumulated in the wake of the Deepwater Horizon blowout, and that this biomass was able to perpetuate elevated methanotrophic activity for multiple years after the blowout at levels above anticipated background rates. This dataset provides a rare view of the response of an ocean ecosystem to a large pulse of methane and reveals unanticipated dynamics of microbial methanotrophy as a result of such human-induced methane releases.
Dobre, C. “Søren Kierkegaard y La Reconstrucción de la Filosofía mediante la duda subjetiva y la repetición a partir del escrito De Omnibus Dubitandum est.”
Authors: Alarcón Anderson
Published: December 2018

Dobre, Catalina Elena. “Søren Kierkegaard y la reconstrucción de la filosofía mediante la duda subjetiva y la repetición a partir del escrito De Omnibus Dubitandum est.” Tópicos. Revista de Filosofía [Ciudad de México, Universidad Panamericana], 47 (2014): 25-52.
Ernesto Mayz Vallenilla. In memoriam (1925-2015)
Authors: Garber Dinu
Published: December 2018

Ernesto Mayz Vallenilla. In memoriam (1925-2015) Rememorando una clase magistral (A modo de homenaje personal)
Dulce María Granja, E. C. “El ideal de la paz perpetua en Rousseau y Kant.”
Authors: Álvarez Juan Camilo
Published: December 2018

Eduardo Charpenel Elorduy y Dulce María Granja Castro. “El ideal de la paz perpetua en Rousseau y Kant.” Signos filosóficos 16.31 (2014): 37-62.
Respuesta al comentario de Juan Esteban Sarmiento. “El testimonio de Aristóteles sobre Zenón de Elea como un detractor de ‘lo uno’.”
Authors: Gardella Mariana
Published: December 2018

Respuesta al comentario de Juan Esteban Sarmiento. “El testimonio de Aristóteles sobre Zenón de Elea comoun detractor de ‘lo uno’.” Ideas y Valores 65.161 (2016): 424-427.
Social futuring – A Normative framework
Authors: Csák János
Published: December 2018

This paper shows the logic of the normative aspects underlying social futuring, defined as a social entity’s creative intention to comprehend the world, its ability to get things done, and to control its destiny. We assume that the ultimate goal of social entities is to enable a good life in a unity of order that is worth preserving and reproducing. We start with the concept of “personhood” for both human beings and social personae. We review ancient and modern formulations regarding the summum bonum and other concepts with regard to the balance between the needs of social entities and their individual members. Focusing on the oikeiósis enterprise, we distill four necessary and sufficient features of human life (Attachment, Care [Material Advancement and Freedom], Security, and Contentment). We suggest that these features provide an appropriate normative basis for measuring the status and evaluating the changes in the state of affairs of a social entity. Finally, we provide an overview of the pillars and social layers that may create the basis for the development of the Social Futuring Index (SFI).
Introduction
Authors: Burns Dylan , Renger Almut-Barbara
Published: December 2018

The myriad and potent effects of Mediterranean antiquity in a diversity of cultural and social contexts constitutes a field of research which for some decades has been known as “(Classical) reception studies.” The two special issues of IJSNR introduced here (and the consolidated book volume which follows) contain the fruits of the 2014 workshop “New Antiquities”, which departed from this scholarly enterprise in examining what we have called “Transformations of Ancient Religion.”
Z problematyki początków szkolnictwa średniego w Oświęcimiu
Authors: Chrząszcz Czesław
Published: December 2018

The article reconstructs the events connected with the beginning years of the grammar school in Oświęcim (today’s Konarski Secondary School). The work of Feliks Tobiczyk, the founder of the school who came from Oświęcim and was a professor in the grammar school in Łańcut, is also reconstructed in the article.The foundation of the grammar school in Oświęcim had a few stages. At the beginning (presumably in December 1914) the grammar school courses were set up in order to satisfy the temporary needs of a huge number of pupils who were escaping from the Russian and left their home schools. 29th January 1915 is the first certain date in the history of the courses. On that day fr. Karol Szałaśny, the parish priest in Oświęcim, sent a letter (which was discovered by the author of the article) to the consistory in Kraków asking them to assign a religion teacher to the school headed by Tobiczyk.The success of the grammar school courses as well as the appeals of the local community made Tobiczyk decide to found a full secondary school in Oświęcim. He devoted himself to the foundation of the school in September 1916 and headed it at his own cost until 1919. Then the school was taken over by Secondary School Society in Oświęcim.
Filozoficzne aspekty przyzwyczajenia
Authors: Harasimowicz Magdalena
Published: December 2018

This article describes philosophical aspects of the group of phenomena which are closely related to an English word “habit” and Latin habitus. The author uses a term “habit” when meaning a large set of effects of the process of habituating or accustoming in multiple descriptions – the following meanings seem to be the most popular: tendency, disposition, motor skill, unreflective/automatic behavior, attitude or mental state. The process appears in two different dimensions, as a habituation, it refers to a psychophysiological process of adaptation to constantly repeated stimulus, and as a habit formation, it usually refers to the formation of automatic response to stimulus in a behavioral sense. The author signalises a wide range of subjects mentioned in this article because all mentioned phenomena are included in the Polish term “przyzwyczajenie”, which here is understood as a process or an effect of a process existing in the psychophysical sphere as a scheme, which is formed by a long-time repetition with a characteristic reduction of attention proportional to progression made in the learning process.The main purpose of the research is to present that phenomena of the process and effects of habituating can be analyzed in a philosophical sense as an important category and described in ethical, epistemological, aesthetical and anthropological areas. The process and effects of habituating can be considered in reference to the problem of fundamental philosophical dichotomy like ‘subjective vs. objective’, ‘empirical vs. rational’ and ‘relative vs. absolute’. They can also be described in the context of values – truth, goodness and beauty.
Promoting a Healthy Post-Collegiate Lifestyle: An Evaluation of the Moving On! Transition Program for Student-Athletes
Authors: Reifsteck Erin J , Brooks DeAnne D , Newton Jamian D , Shriver Lenka H
Published: December 2018

Former student-athletes may face challenges in maintaining physical activity and engaging in healthy eating after transitioning out of collegiate athletics. Maladaptive adjustments following athletic transitions can result in detrimental outcomes for former student-athletes, ranging from physical health concerns to negative psychosocial consequences. In contrast, positive transitions can promote optimal health and wellbeing. The Moving On! program was developed in recognition of the unique challenges faced by student-athletes and the importance of making healthy transitions out of college sports. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Moving On! program’s influence on several relevant theoretical constructs that influence health behaviors, including student-athletes’ self-perceptions and self-determined motivation for maintaining physical activity and healthy eating, along with their self-efficacy and intentions for engaging in these health-related behaviors after college. NCAA student-athletes in their final year of competition were recruited from two institutions. Participants (N = 20) completed the Moving On! program along with pre- and post-test surveys and focus group interviews. Survey results revealed positive changes in nutrition-related self-perceptions (t(19) = 2.406; p = 0.026; g = 0.38) and self-efficacy for healthy eating behaviors (t(19) = 3.022; p = 0.007; g = 0.70). No significant changes were observed for exercise identity (p = 0.845), physical activity self-efficacy (p = 0.114), or autonomous motivation for exercise (p = 0.108) and health eating (p = 0.264). Focus group responses indicated that student-athletes’ experiences in the program fostered positive shifts in their self-perceptions, enhanced their self-determined motivation, and reinforced their intentions for engaging in physical activity and healthy eating in the future. Implications for future research and program implementation are discussed.
SUBCUTANEOUS ONLAY LAPAROSCOPIC APPROACH (SCOLA) FOR VENTRAL HERNIA AND RECTUS ABDOMINIS DIASTASIS REPAIR: TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND INITIAL RESULTS
Authors: CLAUS Christiano Marlo Paggi , MALCHER Flavio , CAVAZZOLA Leandro Totti , FURTADO Marcelo , MORRELL Alexander , AZEVEDO Mauricio , MEIRELLES Luciana Guimarães , SANTOS Heitor , GARCIA Rodrigo
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Background: Diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscles (DMRA) is frequent and may be associated with abdominal wall hernias. For patients with redudant skin, dermolipectomy and plication of the diastasis is the most commonly used procedure. However, there is a significant group of patients who do not require skin resection or do not want large incisions. Aim: To describe a “new” technique (subcutaneous onlay laparoscopic approach - SCOLA) for the correction of ventral hernias combined with the DMRA plication and to report the initial results of a case series. Method: SCOLA was applied in 48 patients to correct ventral hernia concomitant to plication of DMRA by pre-aponeurotic endoscopic technique. Results: The mean operative time was 93.5 min. There were no intra-operative complications and no conversion. Seroma was the most frequent complication (n=13, 27%). Only one (2%) had surgical wound infection. After a median follow-up of eight months (2-19), only one (2%) patient presented recurrence of DMRA and one (2%) subcutaneous tissue retraction/fibrosis. Forty-five (93.7%) patients reported being satisfied with outcome. Conclusion: The SCOLA technique is a safe, reproducible and effective alternative for patients with abdominal wall hernia associated with DMRA.
ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF THE CELIAC TRUNK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: SANTOS Priscele Viana dos , BARBOSA Ana Beatriz Marques , TARGINO Vanessa Apolonio , SILVA Nathalie de Almeida , SILVA Yanka Costa de Melo , BARBOSA Felippe , OLIVEIRA André de Sá Braga , ASSIS Thiago de Oliveira
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: The celiac trunk (CT) is one of the abdominal portion branches of the aortic artery and, together with the superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries, participates in the abdominal viscera vascularization through a series of anastomoses. Absence of CT or variation in the number of terminal branches implies in varied abdominal arteries origins, which may have implication in surgical approaches. Objective: To analyze the anatomical variations of the celiac trunk and possible associated surgical clinical implications. Methods: It is a systematic review of articles indexed in the PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Springerlink, Scienc Direct and Latindex databases from August to September 2017. Original articles involving the anatomical variations of the celiac trunk in humans were included. The presence/absence of the celiac trunk, the number of terminal branches and the place of origin of its branches in variant cases of the normal anatomical pattern, were considered for this study. Results: At the end of the research, 12 articles were selected, characterized by sample, anatomical structure evaluation method and main results. The normal anatomical pattern was the most prevalent in most studies (75.0%). CT was absent in 41.7% of the findings. The most prevalent anatomical variation was the presence of CT with bifurcation (66.7%). It was also observed the origin of the common and splenic hepatic arteries from the mesenteric arteries (25.0%). The presence of only one branch (16.7%) and quadrifurcation (8.33%) were other findings. Conclusion: CT variations are not uncommon findings, with different anatomic variants being reported. Thus, the importance of knowing the possible variations of this structure is emphasized, which may have implications for surgical interventions and imaging studies related to the abdominal region.
Desafios para a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional na Amazônia: disponibilidade e consumo em domicílios com adolescentes
Authors: Guerra Lúcia Dias da Silva , Espinosa Mariano Martínez , Bezerra Aída Couto Dinucci , Guimarães Lenir Vaz , Martins Maria Silvia Amicucci Soares
Published: December 2018

Resumo A insegurança alimentar e nutricional permanece no cenário brasileiro como um desafio para a realização do direito à alimentação adequada. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a situação de insegurança alimentar e nutricional de adolescentes no âmbito domiciliar e individual. Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado com 363 domicílios e 95 adolescentes, na área urbana de municípios da Amazônia Brasileira. A insegurança alimentar e nutricional foi avaliada através da Escala Brasileira de Medida de Insegurança Alimentar. Regressão linear foi utilizada na análise do efeito bruto e ajustado da insegurança alimentar e nutricional sobre a disponibilidade e o consumo. Houve prevalência de 51,8% de insegurança alimentar e nutricional nos domicílios, maior disponibilidade e consumo de alimentos fontes de energia e baixo consumo de hortaliças, frutas e leguminosas. A análise de variância do modelo linear mostrou dependência entre a insegurança alimentar e o efeito da frequência de disponibilidade dos alimentos e o consumo alimentar. Os resultados apontam para o desafio da implementação de políticas públicas, tendo em vista o consumo alimentar não saudável como um aspecto de comprometimento nutricional, corporal e emocional permanente na idade adulta.
Diversity of yeasts during fermentation of cocoa from two sites in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: ALMEIDA Silvana de F. Oliveira de , SILVA Letícia R Carvalho , JUNIOR Gilson Celso A. Chagas , OLIVEIRA Guilherme , SILVA Silvia Helena Marques da , VASCONCELOS Santelmo , LOPES Alessandra Santos
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to identify the yeasts involved in spontaneous fermentation of cocoa from the Brazilian Amazon region. The fermentation process was carried out experimentally with cocoa seeds from two sites (Medicilândia and Tucumã), State of Pará, northern Brazil, during a six-day period. Totals of 44 yeasts were isolated from Medicilândia and 29 from Tucumã. Molecular identification was carried out by sequencing the D1/D2 region fragment of the rRNA 26S gene, expanded with universal primers for the NL1GC and LS2 eukaryotes. Pichia manshurica and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were identified in Medicilândia and five yeast species (Pichia fermentans, P. kudriavzevii, P. manshurica, S. cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces bailii) were identified in Tucumã. The results showed that P. manshurica and S. cerevisiae may have potential for use as starter cultures in future studies to improve the quality of cocoa seeds fermented in the Brazilian Amazon region.
Invasive species and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation: how close has Brazil come to achieving Target 10?
Authors: Dechoum Michele de Sá , Sampaio Alexandre Bonesso , Ziller Sílvia Renate , Zenni Rafael Dudeque
Published: December 2018

Abstract Target 10 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation establishes that "Effective management plans are in place to prevent new biological invasions and to manage important areas for plant diversity that are invaded" by 2020. The rationale for the target is that invasive alien species are a major threat to native plants, and thus should be excluded from areas reserved for the conservation of plant species, especially when endemic and/or threatened. In Brazil, although most management plans report the presence of invasive alien species and the need for management in federal protected areas, there are only a very limited number of management plans implemented. The national strategy on invasive alien species, published as CONABIO Resolution 05/2009, has not been implemented, so progress on policies and legislation focused on invasive alien species at the federal level has been slow. In order to reach an effective development of public policies in Brazil, federal environmental agencies must function as focal points and be in charge of coordinating actions aimed at (1) identifying priority areas for preventing and managing biological invasions, and (2) managing invasive alien species and reduce their impacts.
Flora do Ceará: Turneraceae
Authors: Rocha Lamarck , Nogueira José Walter Araújo , Figueiredo Marlene Feliciano , Loiola Maria Iracema Bezerra
Published: December 2018

Resumo É apresentado o levantamento florístico da família Turneraceae no estado do Ceará, Brasil. Foram reconhecidos dois gêneros e 22 espécies: Piriqueta com sete espécies e Turnera com 15, das quais Turnera reginae é uma nova ocorrência. De modo geral, as espécies apresentam ampla distribuição, sendo frequentemente encontradas na vegetação da caatinga, carrasco, cerrado, floresta ombrófila e tabuleiros litorâneos, associando-se principalmente a áreas abertas e antropizadas. São apresentadas fotografias, chaves, descrições, comentários gerais e mapas de distribuição das espécies no Ceará.
Tephrosia (Leguminosae) no estado do Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Rayane de Tasso Moreira , Queiroz Rubens Teixeira de , Loiola Maria Iracema Bezerra
Published: December 2018

Resumo Este estudo realizou um levantamento florístico dos representantes de Tephrosia no estado do Ceará, como parte do projeto "Flora do Ceará". O estudo foi baseado na análise comparativa dos caracteres morfológicos de espécimes depositados nos herbários EAC, ESA, HUEFS, IPA, MBM, MOSS, TEPB e UFRN, bibliografias especializadas, fotos de materiais-tipo, além de coletas e observações de campo. Para o estado foram registradas cinco espécies de Tephrosia: T. cinerea, T. domingensis, T. egregia, T. purpurea e T. sinapou. As espécies ocorrem preferencialmente próximo ao litoral, em solos arenosos e antropizados, como floresta estacional semidecidual das terras baixas (tabuleiro costeiro) e vegetação com influência marinha (restinga), com exceção de T. domingensis encontrada nos topos serranos em floresta ombrófila densa (mata úmida). Tephrosia sinapou é nova ocorrência para o Ceará. As espécies, em sua maioria, apresentam ampla distribuição e ocorrem em quatro unidades de conservação no Ceará.
Diversity of green algae (Chlorophyta) from bromeliad phytotelmata in areas of rocky outcrops and "restinga", Bahia state, Brazil
Authors: Ramos Geraldo José Peixoto , Bicudo Carlos Eduardo de Mattos , Moura Carlos Wallace do Nascimento
Published: December 2018

Abstract A floristic survey for green algae (Chlorophyta) from bromeliad phytotelmata of areas of rocky outcrop (Serra da Jibóia) and "restinga" (Parque das Dunas), Bahia state, Brazil is presented here. A total of twenty-three taxa were identified, including three species (Asterococcus superbus, Gongrosira papuasica and Lagerhemia chodatti) that are newly reported for Brazil and two Oedogonium species (Oedogonium pulchrum and O. areschougii) that were recollected in Brazilian territory after 115 years.
O gênero Chara (Charophyceae, Characeae) das Regiões Metropolitanas de Salvador e de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Camila dos Anjos , Ramos Geraldo José Peixoto , Bueno Norma Catarina , Prado João Fernando , Moura Carlos Wallace do Nascimento
Published: December 2018

Resumo O levantamento florístico do gênero Chara (Charophyceae, Characeae) nas Regiões Metropolitanas de Salvador e de Feira de Santana, foi realizado em 30 estações de coleta abrangendo seis municípios da RMS e seis da RMFS. Caracteres vegetativos e reprodutivos empregados na taxonomia do grupo foram analisados através de microscopia ótica e através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura dos oósporos. Foram identificadas seis espécies: C. diaphana, C. hydropitys, C. kenoyeri, C. martiana, C. rusbyana e C. zeylanica. Com exceção de C. hydropitys, reencontrada 186 anos após a primeira coleta na Bahia, os demais táxons são adições à ficoflora do estado. O emprego de microscopia eletrônica subsidiou a interpretação da ultraestrutura da parede do oósporo das espécies de Chara e a diferenciação de táxons morfologicamente semelhantes. A ultraestrutura da parede do oósporo de C. martiana é descrita pela primeira vez.
Altitude e solos determinam variações abruptas da vegetação em gradiente altitudinal de Mata Atlântica
Authors: Caglioni Eder , Uhlmann Alexandre , Curcio Gustavo Ribas , Ramos Michele Ribeiro , Bonnet Annete , Junckes Anilton Ricardo
Published: December 2018

Resumo A variação da vegetação em gradientes altitudinais geralmente é condicionada pelo gradiente térmico. Neste estudo, hipotetizamos que a estrutura da vegetação varie abruptamente como resultado de ambientes muito distintos cuja formação não está relacionada somente com a altitude e o clima. Definimos três áreas no Parque Botânico Morro do Baú, Ilhota, SC. Em cada, alocamos 50 parcelas de 100 m2 (Área 1 - 340 m; Área 2 - 540 m; Área 3 - 810 m s.n.m.). Medimos os espécimes com PAP ≥ 15 cm. Elaboramos diagrama de Venn e comparamos as Áreas por meio de curvas de rarefação. Aplicamos DCA e ordenação por NMDS para identificar o grau de variação na vegetação. Devido à forte distinção das demais, comparamos a Área 3 com outros levantamentos. A estrutura arbórea varia abruptamente entre as Áreas 1/2 e a 3, sendo esta última uma verdadeira floresta altomontana determinada pelos efeitos conjuntos de altitude, clima, solos e geomorfologia. Regionalmente, entretanto, as similaridades não são maiores com outras florestas altomontanas, mas sim com áreas próximas e de altitude aproximada.
Equine infectious anemia affects the athletic performance of equines from the Brazilian Pantanal region
Authors: Andrade Débora Roque de Freitas , Rezende Adalgiza Souza Carneiro , Santos Sandra Aparecida , Nogueira Márcia Furlan , Santiago Juliano Martins , Lage Jéssica , Melo Marília Martins , Reis Jenner Karlisson Pimenta , Trigo Pablo
Published: December 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of equine infectious anemia (EIA) on the physical performance of equines from the Brazilian Pantanal region. A total of 16 males were evaluated, divided into two groups: 8 seronegative (G1) and 8 seropositive (G2) for EIA. Two graded exercise tests were carried out before (T1) and after (T2) 42 days of training. Heart rate, lactate concentration, distance covered, and hematocrit level were recorded. In both tests, G1 covered a greater distance. In T2, G2 had lower hematocrit levels and lower speeds reached at different lactate concentrations and heart rates. The athletic performance of the evaluated equines is affected by equine infectious anemia.
Análisis de los elementos principales en el diseño de placas de bloqueo en una fractura de 2-partes del cuello quirúrgico del húmero utilizando MEF y análisis estadístico
Authors: Mendoza-Muñoz Ismael , González-Ángeles Álvaro , Jacobo-Galicia Gabriela , Castañeda Ana , Valenzuela-Gutiérrez José
Published: December 2018

RESUMEN Un gran número de fracturas de húmero proximal están siendo tratadas con osteosíntesis. Sin embargo, la pérdida de reducción sigue siendo un problema grave, lo que lleva al recorte de tornillo en la articulación humeral y la reoperación. De acuerdo con la teoría del strain interfragmentario, se debe considerar el equilibrio entre una fijación flexible, que estimula la formación de callos, y una fijación inestable, que conduce al fallo del implante. Los principales elementos implicados en este caso son las condiciones fisiológicas de carga, la configuración de los tornillos de soporte, el material del implante y la calidad ósea. El objetivo de esta investigación es detectar la influencia de los elementos anteriores para formular una escena positiva que minimice el riesgo de fracaso. Se utilizó un diseño de experimentos de tipo factorial en combinación con el uso del método de elementos finitos para dar lugar a la recogida de datos. Las condiciones de carga asemejan a: “sostener un peso muerto” (tensión), “levantar frontalmente un peso muerto” (flexión) y torsión. Los resultados sugirieron que el material del implante es el elemento con mayor influencia y contribuye a estabilizar la fijación de la fractura, siguiendo la configuración de soporte. La práctica de incluir un soporte medial con tornillos calcar en diferentes calidades de tejido óseo ofrece una rigidez favorable que aquellos que no los utilizan. Esta afirmación es apoyada por resultados de informes publicados recientemente. Además, el soporte medial reduce el strain en la interfaz hueso-implante. Aunque estos resultados mostraron una evaluación demasiado moderada por el uso de un modelo isotrópico, son eficaces para conocer los elementos biomecánicos y su influencia para describir una tendencia de comportamiento y crear una base para futuros estudios. Además, el tiempo de cálculo disminuyó considerablemente.
Efeito das variáveis reacionais na síntese de um polímero biodegradável funcionalizado: PCL-g-MA
Authors: Siqueira Danilo Diniz , Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , Morais Dayanne Diniz de Sousa , Araújo Edcleide Maria de , França Danyelle Campos de , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos
Published: December 2018

RESUMO A Poli(ɛ-caprolactona) (PCL) é um termoplástico sintético biodegradável que tem sido foco de estudos em novos “polímeros verdes”, devido principalmente as suas boas propriedades mecânicas, o que a torna competitiva com outros polímeros convencionais e biopolímeros, tais como: Poli(ácido lático) (PLA), Poli(hidroxibutirato) (PHB). O objetivo deste trabalho foi a enxertia de grupos reativos anidrido maleico (MA) na PCL para a produção de um polímero funcional biodegradável. A síntese de enxertia do anidrido maleico na PCL ocorreu em um misturador interno de laboratório, utilizando concentrações de 2,5 e 5 % de MA e de 0,3 e 0,5% do iniciador peróxido de dicumila (DCP) em duas temperaturas de processo, 110oC e 160oC. A metodologia do planejamento fatorial 23 foi usada visando à otimização dos experimentos, assim como também para avaliar a eficiência das condições reacionais empregadas para a funcionalização da PCL. Os resultados indicaram que o anidrido maléico foi enxertado na PCL usando o iniciador peróxido de dicumila. A porcentagem de anidrido maléico grafitizado (%gMA) foi obtida por titulação e comprovada por Espectroscopia na região do Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Através dos resultados obtidos pode-se inferir que um maior teor (5,0%) de MA favoreceu positivamente a enxertia. No entanto, acima de determinada quantidade, possivelmente ocorre uma saturação do sistema e a tendência é a recombinação.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de biocompósitos de polihidroxibutirato e fibra de bananeira
Authors: Nery Tatiana Barreto Rocha , Santos Zora Ionara Gama dos , José Nádia Mamede
Published: December 2018

RESUMO O PHB (Poli-3-hidroxibutirato) é um termoplástico biodegradável sintetizado por fermentaçãosubmersa a partir de matérias-primas renováveis. É um poliéster composto por elastômeros e termoplásticos lineares, cujas propriedades são de grande interesse científico e tecnológico, é um polímero altamente cristalino muito rígido e frágil, com propriedades de barreira e resistência química à hidrólise. O PHB puro tem seu processamento industrial restrito devido às suas propriedades físicas. Estudos têm demonstrado que a utilização de fibras naturais como reforço tem sido uma alternativa para redução do custo de produção e melhoria das propriedades térmicas e mecânicas de materiais poliméricos. A fibra da bananeira tem sido estudada como reforço polimérico, podendo tornar-se uma alternativa promissora, pois apresenta grande oferta, baixo custo, baixa densidade, baixa abrasividade, não-tóxico, renovável e totalmente biodegradável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o estudo das propriedades mecânicas (resistência à tração), térmicas (Análise termogravimétrica, TGA, e Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial, DSC),morfológicas e do Índice de Fluidez do PHB e de compósitos de PHB/fibra de bananeira (FB). As fibras foram tratadas quimicamente para mudança da superfície de contato. Foram preparados compósitos com concentrações de PHB/FB 90/05 e 90/10 (m/m). Os materiais foram processados por extrusão e moldados em prensa hidráulica para confecção dos corpos de prova. A incorporação da fibra causou alteração nos resultados mecânicos do material. Os melhores resultados foram alcançados com a mistura 90/05 (m/m).
Overview of the Changes to the FRB/US Model (2018)
Authors: Laforte Jean-Philippe
Published: December 2018

This FEDS Note summarizes a more comprehensive set of modifications introduced with the November 2018 public release of the FRB/US model and provides some motivation for why they were made.
Percepción hacia las tareas, los exámenes y los cursos de matemáticas en estudiantes de Telebachillerato: ¿Hay diferencia por género? Perception toward task, test and courses of math in high school students: There are differences by gender?
Authors: García-Santillán Arturo , Martínez-Rodríguez Valerie , Escalera-Chávez Milka Elena
Published: December 2018

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar de qué manera los exámenes, las tareas y los cursos de matemáticas, constituyen factores que generan ansiedad en el alumno. La investigación se lleva a cabo en el 2017, aplicado a una muestra de 200 estudiantes de primero, tercero y quinto semestre de un Telebachillerato de los municipios del Zacatal y Jamapa, Ver. Está basada en los estudios seminales de Richardson y Swinn (1972). Se utiliza la escala Revised Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (RMARS) de 25 ítems (Alexander y Martray, 1989), misma que muestra una fiabilidad al obtener un puntaje Alpha de Cronbach de 0.934 en el conjunto de ítems y de 0.693 de manera agrupada. Los resultados indican que el nivel de ansiedad hacia las matemáticas aumentará siempre y cuando las variables de exámenes matemáticos, tareas numéricas y cursos matemáticos estén presentes en el contexto evaluado, asimismo no se identifican diferencias significativas respecto al Género.
La realidad de la memoria en mayores saludables y envejeciendo. Memoria, envejecimiento y longevidad
Authors: Vicente Castro Florencio , Maldonado Briegas Juan José , González Ballester Sergio , Sánchez Iglesias Ana Isabel
Published: December 2018

El trabajo de revisión de literatura tuvo como objetivo verificar la producción científica sobre“memoria, desarrollo cognitivo, envejecimiento frente a longevidad”, identificando y analizando estudios internacionales y nacionales. El método llevado a cabo fue mediante una investigación en las bases: SciELO, UAM, PePSIC, LILACS, PubMed, PsycINFO, Dialnet y Teseo; en un período de 10 años, considerando los estudios publicados entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2017. Se encontraron como resultados 793 estudios, siendo analizados 16 artículos después de la aplicación de los criterios de exclusión, destacándose las siguientes afirmaciones: el esfuerzo-compromiso, el rendimiento cognitivo y un mayor sentido del propósito, pueden servir como endofenotipos de la longevidad y una mayor probabilidad de supervivencia. De igual forma, diversos estudios determinaron que el aprendizaje de nuevas habilidades, la orientación a la búsqueda de la novedad, aprender cosas nuevas y mantener la mente comprometida son clave para conseguir un envejecimiento cognitivo exitoso. Así, el entrenamiento en la capacidad de resolución de problemas de la vida diaria, mejora la cognición y se asocia con un mayor rendimiento de la memoria actual. Además el entrenamiento genera cambios en el rendimiento cognitivo. En definitiva, vivir un estilo de vida ocupado se asocia con una mejor cognición. Conclusión: el análisis reveló que además de las características genéticas que pueden condicionar la longevidad, existen otros aspectos no genéticos, como el aprendizaje de nuevas tareas, el compromiso, el sentido del propósito, la ocupación de la mente, el rendimiento cognitivo, las actividades relacionadas con el pensamiento, la búsqueda de soluciones a problemas etc., favorecerían la longevidad de las personas en un envejecimiento exitoso.
El cyberbullying sus causas y efectos en estudiantes de grado sexto en la educación básica secundaria
Authors: Moreno Sandoval Luis Orlando
Published: December 2018

La convivencia en el aula refleja lo que sucede en el entorno, por lo cual debemos estar atentos y observar los diferentes comportamientos que presenten los chicos, haciendo seguimiento a cambios que afecten la convivencia, el respecto y derecho de los demás, como la violación a la privacidad y a la libre expresión.Este articulo lo motivó el uso inadecuado de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) por niños que inician su formación secundaria, para propiciar conflictos de diferente índole; en una comunidad como la de Usme, en la ciudad de Bogotá, D.C., inmersa en la pobreza, la violencia intrafamiliar y social, donde se encuentra la Institución Educativa Distrital Diego Montaña Cuellar, con lo cual se intenta alertar a los diferentes actores para sensibilizar y minimizar los efectos del denominado Cyberbullying.El estudio utilizó la investigación cualitativa, mediante observación participante, pretendiendo indagar las causas que inducen a niños de corta edad, a usar los medios tecnológicos del aula para propiciar riñas fuera de la institución, agresión verbal y de imágenes en medios sociales como Facebook, con el fin de integrar a la familia, la institución y la comunidad para enfrentar el fenómeno del Cyberbullying.