bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Border Rejections and Official Controls on the Market on Alert Notifications in the RASFF
Authors: Pigłowski M.
Published: April 2024

The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) was created in 1979 and allows for quick response to risks for public health. Alert notifications within the RASFF are sent when the product, which presents a serious risk, is already on the market and a rapid action is required. The explicit increase of alert notifications can be noticed since 1999 and particularly since 2003/2004, when official controls on the market began to be noted. While a decrease of alert notifications can be observed since 2008, when border rejections in the RASFF began to be noted. The influence of border rejections and official controls on the market (as two variables) on the number of alert notifications in the RASFF in 1999-2014 was examined with regard to products categories, hazards categories and the European Union (EU) countries, using multiple regression. In the case of the EU countries also the influence of additional variables was examined: the number of food audits, import of food, drinks and tobacco, average total population and total agriculture production of food in the gross production value. The variable official controls on the market was statistically significant and the relationship was very high or high in case of: bivalve molluscs and products thereof, dietetic food, food supplements, fortified food, fish and fish products, herbs and spices and soups, broths, sauces and condiments (products categories) and: allergens, composition, food additives and flavourings, heavy metals, migration, mycotoxins and pathogenic micro-organism (hazards categories). The variable number of border rejections was statistically significant and the relationship was very high or high in case of: dietetic food, food supplements, fortified food (products categories) and: allergens, composition, food additives and flavourings and mycotoxins (hazards categories). In the case of the EU countries the very high or high relationship was not found in models with the two variables and was high in case of France and Latvia in models with six variables. It can be assumed that variability of the number of alert notifications in the RASFF (especially within the EU countries) also can depend on other factors, such as: the amount of food on the market, the scope of food control, the level of preparedness of controllers or movement of people. However, it is difficult to quantify these factors (and take as variables) or the adopted variables would cause collinearity.
The Usage of Biosurfactants to Make Modern Shower Gels with a Higher Safety of Usage
Authors: Sarna K. , Podkowa-Zawadzka I. , Wasilewski T. , Zięba M. , Seweryn A.
Published: April 2024

In the paper the influence of the type of surfactant in shaping safety of shower gels was presented. For this purpose, two types of washing cosmetics different in terms of surface active compound were used. In regard of increasing environmental awareness of consumers and on the basis of „green chemistry”, a mild surfactant – Inulin Lauryl Carbamate (lNCI) has been used in the former preparation. The ingredient in the second washing cosmetics was Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) – a widely used anion surfactant. The irritation potential on the basis of the zein value as well as the skin dryness level were assessed in these preparations.
Attempt of Rooibos and Honeybush Identification Based on the Beverages Color Parameters
Authors: Dmowski P.
Published: April 2024

Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush tea (Cyclopia species), are the products coming from South Africa, that due to their organoleptic features and antioxidant properties are gaining increasing popularity among the Polish consumers. Due to the high similarity, these products are very often confused, and both consumers and sellers have problems in distinguishing them. Therefore, the aim of the paper is the attempt to differentiate rooibos and honeybush infusions based on the consumer evaluation of color of the beverages and color parameters measured in the CIEL*a*b* system. On the basis of the obtained results, statistically significant differences in the consumer color assessment of infusions were found. The results presented in this paper indicate that the samples of rooibos were very similar and were characterized by more intensive brick, red and brown color than honeybush. However, it was shown that the values of the color parameters measured in the CIEL*a*b* system do not allow for clear differentiation of rooibos and honeybush beverages.
Planned Concept of Central and External Port as an Opportunity for the Development of Tricity's Seaports in Poland
Authors: Cieczko M. , Myszka A. , Kaizer A.
Published: April 2024

One of the main determinants of the international status of a seaport is its capacity to handle the largest possible quantities of cargo carried by the largest vessels. A successful seaport is one where trans-shipments are handled by qualified personnel and where excellent facilities are available to ensure that the cargo delivered to the port can be delivered to its destination using the largest possible selection of various modes of transport. A successful seaport should be extended in size to be able to cater for an increasing number of ships at the same time. All these factors can help make seaports more competitive. The largest of Poland’s seaports, namely the Port of Gdańsk and the Port of Gdynia, are trying to reach the status of being ranked among Europe’s best ports. This goal can only be achieved through new ideas and new investment projects. Two projects are planned as a way to stimulate the development of Poland’s seaports: the Central Port at the Port of Gdańsk and the External Port at the Port of Gdynia. These projects will help strengthen the position of Tricity’s seaports in the international arena.
The Entrants’ View on Collision Avoidance
Authors: Wantuła O. , Wantuła S. , Wróbel K.
Published: April 2024

Collisions are a serious threat to ship’s safety and despite the existence of codified rules and obligatory COLREG course for the seafarers, the number of maritime accidents is still great. Noticing this we have decided to use group model building to extract the knowledge about the process of collision avoidance from our group of experts. As a result, we obtained 18 factors which we have divided into 4 categories in order of importance. After reviewing the results we have noticed that the experts focused on superficial and theoretical aspects of collision avoidance. Therefore we have concluded that their knowledge despite our initial assumptions was insufficient to thoroughly revise this topic. However, we have also recognized some patterns that would suggest that the current rules could be improved. Our goal is to cause a discussion that will, hopefully, result in changes in education, laws, or both.
Koncepcja zwiększenia stopnia regeneracji turbinowego obiegu parowego
Authors: Adamkiewicz A. , Grzesiak S.
Published: April 2024

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analiz dotyczących sprawności różnych układów napędowych stosowanych na współczesnych zbiornikowcach LNG. Omówiono wyniki identyfikacji oraz oceny jakościowej źródeł energii odpadowej konwencjonalnego turbinowego układu napędowego (CST). W artykule przeanalizowano możliwości zastosowania inżektora parowego w celu odzysku ciepła utajonego. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników obliczeń inżektora przeprowadzono bilans energetyczny prostego układu realizującego obieg Clausiusa-Rankine’a z regeneracyjnym podgrzewaniem wody zasilającej. Wyznaczono stopień regeneracji układu w wyniku zastosowania inżektora parowego. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników wyznaczono dalsze kierunki badań dla złożonych układów z wykorzystaniem inżektorów parowych.
Poprawa bezpieczeństwa i komfortu pracy podczas eksploatacji i remontów siłowni okrętowej
Authors: Krystosik-Gromadzińska A.
Published: April 2024

Artykuł przedstawia zagadnienia dotyczące możliwości poprawy bezpieczeństwa i komfortu pracy w siłowni okrętowej oraz zwiększenia jej podatności eksploatacyjnej i remontowej.
Modelowanie charakterystyki prędkości jednostki ze śrubami nastawnymi na podstawie wyników badań
Authors: Polanowski S.
Published: April 2024

W artykule przedstawiono proces i wyniki wyłaniania modelu charakterystyki napędowej prędkości dla dwuwałowej jednostki ze śrubami nastawnymi. Sformułowano trzy postacie modeli charakterystyk: wielomian potęgowy budowany metodą aproksymacji krokowej, wielomian potęgowy drugiego stopnia stosowany wprost, wielomian potęgowy drugiego stopnia budowany krokowo, wielomian (jednomian) o potęgach rzeczywistych. Modele liczbowe wyłoniono metodą najmniejszych kwadratów, kierując się minimum sum kwadratów odchyleń. W wyniku odrzucenia trzech punktów jako nadmiernie odchylających się wykonano obliczenia także dla zbioru dwunastopunktowego. Następnie oszacowano zachowanie się modeli w punktach brzegowych, którymi są zerowe nastawy, zerowe prędkości obrotowe i zerowe prędkości jednostki. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz uznano, że właściwym modelem może być model o potęgach rzeczywistych, a kolejnym modelem – wielomian potęgowy budowany metodą krokową.
Diagnozowanie okrętowego tłokowego silnika spalinowego w eksploatacji z wykorzystaniem średniego ciśnienia indykowanego
Authors: Wontka L.
Published: April 2024

Artykuł przedstawia możliwości oceny stanu technicznego okrętowego tłokowego silnika spalinowego z wykorzystaniem do tego celu średniego ciśnienia indykowanego na biegu jałowym. Praca została oparta na szerokim materiale badawczym, zebranym podczas diagnostyki silników na okrętach w latach 1997–2018, w której autor uczestniczył osobiście. W artykule zasygnalizowano problemy związane z tą oceną oraz przedstawiono metodykę badań.
Integer Factorization – Cryptology Meets Number Theory
Authors: Pieprzyk Josef
Published: April 2024

Integer factorization is one of the oldest mathematical problems. Initially, the interest in factorization was motivated by curiosity about be­haviour of prime numbers, which are the basic building blocks of all other integers. Early factorization algorithms were not very efficient. However, this dramatically has changed after the invention of the well-known RSA public-key cryptosystem. The reason for this was simple. Finding an efficient fac­toring algorithm is equivalent to breaking RSA.
The work overviews development of integer factoring algorithms. It starts from the classical sieve of Eratosthenes, covers the Fermat algorithm and explains the quadratic sieve, which is a good representative of modern fac­toring algorithms. The progress in factoring is illustrated by examples of RSA challenge moduli, which have been factorized by groups of mathemati­cians and cryptographers. Shor's quantum factorization algorithm with poly­nomial complexity is described and the impact on public-key encryption is discussed.
Design and test of simulation model of the controller of electromechanical tap-changers for hv/mv transformer
Authors: Korpikiewicz Jarosław , Mohamed-Seghir Mostefa
Published: April 2024

At present, the simulation model of the electromechanical tap changer controller is not generally available. It is necessary in order to carry out tests of the voltage regulation system in the Main Supply Point (MSP). It is a lower voltage regulation system. The article presents simulation models of the tap changer controller working in a HV/MV station. The construction of all subsystems of the model is presented. Various methods of implementation of current compensation were also considered. The subsystems of the model and the whole have been simulated.
Evaluation of extract and fat content in selected fruit and fruit-vegetable yogurts (available on the market)
Authors: Palka Agnieszka , Flis-Kaczykowska Anna
Published: April 2024

Yogurts, mainly due to their sensory and nutrient properties are bought very often by Polish consumers. In 2017, fruit yogurts with the addition of vegetables appeared on the market. The aim of this work was to verify the effect of the addition of vegetables to fruit yogurts on selected quality features of yogurts. The obtained results in the study allowed to state that this supplement increases the content of extract and fat content in yogurt, which has a beneficial effect on the nutritional value of yogurts.They also provide the basis for further research in the field of physicochemical and organoleptic assessment, which will be used to assess their quality and obtain information about consumer preferences.
Evaluation of the Nutrition Behaviour of People Above Age 65
Authors: Platta Anna
Published: April 2024

The population of elderly people is rising, both in developed and developing countries. Due to the physiological changes occurring with age, food consumption patterns alter, and the variety of foodstuffs consumed diminishes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the consumption of various foodstuffs necessary for the daily diet by the elderly. The study was conducted using the direct survey method among 102 respondents aged over 65 years, residing in the city of Sopot. It was found that the nutrition behaviour of the study group was incorrect. The frequency of consuming wholemeal bread, grits, legumes, vegetables and fruits was low. The drinking of milk and the consumption of dairy or fish occurred rarely. Additionally, they preferred animal fats, not recommended in their diet. They mainly consumed three meals a day, and drank insufficient amounts of fluids. Overweight and obesity were predominant.
Analysis of Human Errors Related to Many Marine Accidents Occurring While Anchoring and Manoeuvring at an Anchorage
Authors: Rutkowski Grzegorz
Published: April 2024

The purpose and scope of this paper is to describe anchoring procedures and typical human errors that are the cause of many marine accidents related to the anchoring of vessels and their manoeuvring in anchorage areas. In this paper the author focuses on typical marine accidents recorded for very large crude carriers (VLCC). As a result of the analyses, it can be seen that in the vast majority of cases these accidents are caused by human error and are related to the violation of accepted maritime anchor practices and a failure to observe the relevant safety and security procedures. The consequences of the accidents vary from the minor (e.g. slight structural damage to the anchor winches or other marine equipment) to the serious, which result in dry dock repairs due to hull damage, loss of stability and/or loss of navigability. The described cases refer to both favourable and extremely unfavourable hydro meteorological conditions, the latter including strong winds, currents and waves within the confined anchorage area.
Elastic Constants by Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy – Application to Thermoelectrics and Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Klobes Benedikt
Published: April 2024

Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy is a non-destructive technique for determining the elastic constants of a material. In the context of thermoelectric materials, elastic constants can be used to investigate the speed of sound and, thus, the lattice thermal conductivity of a substance. For Mg2Si-Mg2Sn solid solutions, a possible connection between shear modulus and band convergence can be assumed in that way. Moreover, the rather low speed of sound in this system points towards a high contribution of optical phonons to thermal conductivity. Additionally, significant resonance frequency shifts are observed during natural aging of technical Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Mg-Si alloys, which are proposed to assist investigation of the early stages of clustering in the future.
Game theory analysis in Indonesia’s shipping industry: Case study agreement between PT. X and PT. Y
Authors: Susanto Heru
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, the container shipping industry in Indonesia has a tendency to oligopoly, even in one shipping route. Two big shipping liners in Indonesia, PT. X and PT. Y, have been dominating sales on the Surabaya-Banjarmasin route. The aim of this study is to know how the liners behave in an oligopoly, making decisions that are profitable for both parties. The agreement on challenge, competition, and cooperation between PT. X and PT. Y in serving shipping services is the main focus in this study. The methodology used is a game theory approach to show the possible strategies in rates and supply competition. The result shows that the agreement between PT. X and PT. Y consisted of price decision and supply quantity. The price decision is rated at a lower price of USD 300/TEU where P = MC which has no incentive. While the agreement on supply quantity is 26.000 TEUs in total. Moreover, the cooperative agreement between the shipping liners is a joint allience which not depend on each capacity ratio.
Worn-out steam turbine body overhaul technology
Authors: Wieczorska Agata
Published: April 2024

The article presents the technology of overhauling a steam turbine body after prolonged operation at high temperatures. Before any repairs are made to such a body, preliminary material tests must be carried out, which will qualify it for scrapping or
a revitalisation process, because the material undergoes degradation at creep temperatures. The purpose of the overhaul was to restore the steam turbine body (material grade L20HM) to operational condition.
Assessment of parental level of knowledge and awareness in the field the use of dietary supplements among children
Authors: Stankiewicz Jadwiga , Pardyka Justyna
Published: April 2024

Due to the changes in modern lifestyle, it is more and more common that not only adults, but also children consume highly processed, unbalanced, ready-made meals. In contrast, the dietary supplements market is constantly enriched with new products that, according to their manufacturers, are to overcome the implications caused by such improper diet. The aim of the study was to assess the state of knowledge and awareness of the use of dietary supplements intended for children, among a select group of parents. The research method employed a questionnaire assessing the level of knowledge and frequency of consumption, with an author's questionnaire serving as a research tool. Conducted within the municipality of Gdynia, in the period between July-September 2017 and April–May 2018, the study comprised a total of 239 persons who are parents of children aged 3 to 10 years. The majority of respondents demonstrated an appropriate level of knowledge and awareness of the use of children’s dietary supplements. The results of the research allowed segregating the study group into parents who contest the basis of administering supplements to children and those who supply their children with supplements in order make up for improper nutrition.
Assessment of the consumption of fiber food products by a selected women’s group
Authors: Platta Anna
Published: April 2024

The presence of fiber in food, especially fermenting fiber, is the basis of a healthy diet, while prebiotics are specialized food ingredients that affect specific bacteria, their final fermentation products, and thus have a beneficial effect on the host's health. The aim of the study was to assess the quantity of consumption of fiber-containing foods by a selected group of women. The study was conducted using the direct survey method among 145 respondents aged over 18 years, residing in the city of Gdynia. By means of the study, it was found that the nutrition behavior of the study group was incorrect, as the frequency of consuming fiber-containing foods was low. Own research and literature studies allow to formulate a statement that healthy people – women living in Poland, do not consume enough dietary fiber in their daily diet. The increase in consumption of products that are sources of dietary fiber by Polish women is very important in terms of improving their well-being and preventing overweight, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and gastrointestinal cancer.
Juridical review of maritime boundary between Australia-Timor Leste and Indonesia
Authors: Al Imran Zani R. Muhammad
Published: April 2024

The sea area has a strategic position, so it is necessary to regulate the boundaries of international maritime zones to prevent seizure of waters between countries of the world. The purpose of this study was to legally analyze the maritime boundary between Australia-East Timor and Indonesia. This research method uses descriptive-qualitative analysis, normative juridical approach, and collects primary and secondary legal materials. Juridically, Indonesia has borders with several countries including Australia. With regard to sea areas or waters, what can be used as a legal basis is the 1982 International Ocean Law Conference held by the United Nations through the United Conference on The Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) held in Jamaica. The maritime boundary between Indonesia and Australia has been agreed in the Indonesia-Australia maritime boundary agreement at the Geneva Convention 1958. With this agreement, the continental shelf boundary has been agreed at a depth of 200 m and can be exploited.
Simulation research on the electromagnetic properties of the ELC resonator in the microwave range
Authors: Budnarowska Magdalena , Mizeraczyk Jerzy
Published: April 2024

The paper concerns modeling and simulation of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the metamaterial ELC resonator in the microwave range of 5 GHz to 10 GHz. The simulation was performed using the CST Studio software in the Student version. The result of the simulation is the frequency characteristics of the coefficients of absorption (A), transmission (T) and reflection (R) of the ELC resonator, as well as the values of the real and imaginary parts of electric and magnetic permeability coefficients of that structure. The results obtained suggest that the examined metamaterial structure of the ELC shows strong absorption properties of resonant nature.
Examples of use of electronic and power-electronic solutions in multimodal transport
Authors: Kaczerska Dominika , Kaczerski Krystian
Published: April 2024

The paper discusses examples of the application of new technological solutions in the field of automation, IT, and electronics in multimodal transport. In the 21st century, electric vehicles and electronic systems that accelerate the delivery process are becoming increasingly important. The purpose of the article is to show examples of the application of electronics and power electronics in road, rail, and sea transport. The functioning of selected devices and systems used in specific modes of transport is also described.
Heat treatment of hypersonic metallisation coatings from false alloys on the basis of alloy Ni80Cr20
Authors: Astrashab Evgenij , Grigorchik Aleksandr , Belotserkovsky Marat , Kukareko Vladimir
Published: April 2024

The structural-phase state and tribomechanical characteristics of hypersonic metallisation (HM) coatings from false alloys ‘Ni80Cr20 + Al99,3’ and ‘Ni80Cr20 + 08Mn2Si’ in the initial state and after annealing at 550° С and 650°С were investigated. It is shown that annealing of the coating from the false alloy ‘Ni80Cr20 + Al99,3’ leads to a significant increase in its microhardness and wear resistance. In particular, the microhardness of the coating increases ≈ 2 times, and the wear resistance ≈ 19 times in comparison with the initial state. Annealing of the coating from ‘Ni80Cr20 + 08Mn2Si’ leads to a decrease in its microhardness by 1.4 times, and wear resistance decreases by 3.0 times compared with the initial state.
Synergistic approach to port development
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexander L. , Galin Alexander V. , Semenov Anton D.
Published: April 2024

The research based on the analysis of existing theory of port development prediction and control reveals the contrariety between existing models and the requirements of practice. Historically formed toolkit briefed in previous publications of the authors and summarised in this article does not answer to the strategic question of the decision-makers about the development program of a given port. Existing models explain in detail why the port was developed in a particular way without elaborations of the exact directions for future development. Due to the nature of the studied subject it is impossible to create a single model of the process of port development using the traditional methodological principles, which fact is postulated in the article. Since the modern port is a complex, stepwise, multi-level dynamic system, it cannot be adequately mapped using traditional linear system, which is a methodological simplification of reality. As a result, the port models constructed within the linear paradigm suffer significant loss of properties, which from the outset limits the scope of their applicability. To study the strategic characteristics of port development, especially included in the associated spatial-economic clusters, it is convenient to make use of well-established research in other fields of knowledge. The principal task of the authors was not the transfer of the general provisions of this theory and the creation of a methodological concept which is already used in the transport business, but elaborating specific models of development, focusing on the study of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the studied objects. The paper represents the results of modeling the interaction and evolution of port populations serving the hinterland. The results confirmed the theoretical assumptions and the possibility of achieving stated goals.
Transport of frozen products as a source of environmental and consumer risks
Authors: Zawadzki Mateusz
Published: April 2024

The article presents the problems related to changes in the quality of frozen food due to its transport, from the point of view of the burden on the environment and the risk for the consumer. The paper presents physical, chemical, and microbiological threats to the quality of frozen food, which are caused by conditions related to the logistics process. Transport of frozen products, which is an essential part of the logistics process, is described in the context of the ATP agreement, the concept of sustainable development, and the HACCP system. As a result of the discussion, it was found that the quality of frozen products during transport may change as a result of different processes and dynamics, which depend on the logistics process as a result of many variables. The logistics process should therefore be considered as a set of related operations from acquisition of raw materials, through production, storage, transport, and distribution, to consumption. The discussion made make it possible to conclude that the integrity of logistics processes determines the quality of frozen products, the final level of which should be considered in terms of the environmental burden and the threats to the safety of consumers. The socio-economic progress and the increasing globalisation in the trade of goods lead to an intensified use of transport processes, the implementation of which should be optimised to ensure high quality of transported goods, including frozen food, and to reduce environmental pollution.
Product innovation in isotonic drinks – expectations of Tri-City University students
Authors: Świtalski Michał , Rybowska Agnieszka
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to recognise the expectations of consumers towards isotonic drinks, which was made possible due to the study conducted employing an online survey method. The study group consisted of 162 students. The majority of the consumers surveyed did not consume isotonic drinks, and a large proportion of the drinkers consumed them only occasionally. However, a significant number of students were willing to pay a high price for them, in comparison to the low price of other drinks commonly found on the market. Although fruit flavours were identified as the most preferred flavours of potential beverages, consumers were also interested in new flavours such as tea, herbal, honey and nut. Depending on their declared gender and year of study, respondents indicated different packaging preferences. Interest in purchasing beverages based on natural ingredients and colourants was observed among the students.
Design and programming of a walking robot
Authors: Wenta Natalia , Lazarowska Agnieszka
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the development of a walking robot. It describes the conditions that have to be fulfilled to achieve the robot's movement. The program aimed at controlling the robot is also described. The classification of mobile robots and the results of the robot operation verification are also presented in the article.
Case Study – based experience concerning technical and economical effectiveness resulting from the operation of photovoltaic installations
Authors: Nowak Tomasz
Published: April 2024

The article presents some experience concerning technical and economical effectiveness arising from operation of an example of real photovoltaic micro installation. The main goal is to draw attention not only to its benefits, but also to the existing problems, that generate additional costs.
The stack control strategy based on the concept of operational temperature
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexander L. , Semenov Anton D. , Oja Hannu
Published: April 2024

The paper studies two different types of container strategy: the traditional one, which involves container allocation into positions with a minimum stack height; and the “temperature” one, which considers the positions with a minimum “temperature” for the containers in the stack below. The “temperature” in this case means a metric which is connected to the storage (dwell) time of the containers. Particularly, this value can be represented by container selection probability or number of days stored in the container yard. Utilization of different metrics results in significantly different numbers of moves. Therefore, the authors compare two container stacking strategies: the traditional one and the temperature strategy with different metrics. It is stated that these strategies can be compared only by simulation modelling. The paper describes the main algorithms used to provide simulation modelling. The results of the research show that the temperature strategy with container dwell time as temperature metrics can save 6% of the total moves necessary to maintain the container flow.
Consumer attitudes towards probiotic supplements
Authors: Kozirok Witold
Published: April 2024

he relevance of gut microbiota in a number of physiological and metabolic processes is undisputed. They have an extremely important role in the prevention and treatment of many lifestyle diseases. Modern man suffers from its constant decomposition. Measures to modulate and stabilise the intestinal balance include dietary supplements containing probiotic strains. The aim of the study was to identify attitudes towards probiotic supplements. The study included 234 respondents of varying gender, age, education, frequency of probiotic consumption and self-assessed knowledge of probiotics. A diagnostic survey method was used. Attitudes were identified using a 5-degree Likert scale. The majority of respondents (64%) declared a positive attitude, the remainder were neutral. No negative attitudes were declared. Factors significantly affecting attitude intensity included frequency of probiotic consumption (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.025) and declared knowledge (p < 0.04). The use of positive attitudes should be considered in health promotion and management.
Dematerialisation of Bills of Lading Using Blockchain from the Legal Perspective
Authors: Ratajczak Oskar
Published: April 2024

Dematerialisation of bills of lading is an important topic from the point of view of maritime transport practice. There are many arguments in favour of dematerialisation, such as simplification and acceleration of trade. Over the years, many attempts have been made to dematerialise bills of lading using EDI systems. All of them were found to be lacking. It was not until the spread of blockchain technology that adequate tools were found. The blockchain makes it possible to meet the requirement of singularity which was haunting the EDI systems. With the introduction of proper provisions of law and if the maritime transport industry could agree on a mutually compatible standard, blockchain-based bills of lading could successfully replace paper bills of lading.
Bow Crossing Range Correlation of Small Vessels – AIS Data Analysis with Prospective Application to Autonomous Ships
Authors: Stolzmann Łukasz
Published: April 2024

The development of technology has reduced the crews of ships. This trend leads to at least partial elimination of human crews in favour of autonomous ships. As more and more of them will be introduced, a safety problem arises when manoeuvring the ships in relation to each other. Therefore, there is a need to identify the factors that have an impact on determining how to maintain safe distances between ships in order to find relationships that will be useful for the development of autonomous ships. This can currently only be analysed on samples of manned vessels. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the correlation of the Bow Crossing Range (BCR) with other ship-related data provided by AIS on ships up to 100 m long. The results of this study may be found interesting by academia, maritime industry, and autonomous ship developers.
Effects of Manual Peeling on Litopenaeus vannamei Microbiological Contamination
Authors: Kukułowicz Anita
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of manual peeling on microbiological contamination of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in cold storage. The test material was whiteleg shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei), raw, which were kept in cold storage for72 hours after peeling. The count of psychrotrophic microbes, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and fungi was determined in the test products. After 72 hours of storage, a higher growth of microbes was shown in the peeled shrimps, as compared to unpeeled ones. After 24 hours of storage, a significantly higher count of S. aureus and psychrotrophic bacteria was observed in the unpeeled shrimp group. Peeling shrimps before the storage process led to a lower contamination with the microflora in question.
Band K Satellite Receiver Signal and Radio Locator
Authors: Wnuk Marian
Published: April 2024

The last dozen or so years has seen significant and dynamic development in satellite technologies. Devices using satellites circulating in space for the purposes of general communication have ceased to be the domain of a narrow group of recipients (mainly increased use by the military, governments and the media) and instead gained increasing numbers of new users. The paper presents a developed station for receiving satellite signals in the K band, with particular emphasis on the design and alignment of the antenna in the Cassegrain system.
Comparison of Calculating Algorithms for Logarithmic Decrements Applied to Welded Joints Assessments
Authors: Szeleziński Adam , Muc Adam , Murawski Lech , Muchowski Tomasz , Kluczyk Marcin , Jasiński Krzysztof , Antczak-Jarząbska Romana
Published: April 2024

There are numerous non-destructive methods in welded joints investigation, but the most promising, especially in applications with steady monitoring of the structure, is the vibro-diagnostic approach. In the course of the research work, the responses were obtained and detected by accelerometers, providing valuable diagnostic information, which later was mathematically processed in the field of time or frequency. The mathematical processing aimed to distinguish significant characteristics embedded in the processes typical of the investigated joints and allow an assessment of how they were made. For this purpose, two methods were proposed, based on determining the logarithmic decrement as a function of time. Due to the complicated course of the impact responses, the method of calculating the logarithmic decrement has been suggested, involving the approximation of responses with various functions. According to the research, the analysis of changes in the logarithmic decrement as a function of time applied to welded plates was proposed, as it enables the initial assessment of joint quality.
Examination of Authenticity of Selected Dark Chocolates
Authors: Śmiechowska Maria , Dziedziak Anna
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study was to apply cocoa husk determination to test the authenticity of selected dark chocolates available in the Polish and other European markets. The chocolates met the EU requirements and did not contain above 5% of cocoa shells. The energy value of the chocolates was significantly influenced by the fat content. When determining the color parameters of any chocolate, a large range in the a* color parameter was found, which was responsible for the intensity of color, from green to red. The a* value in one of the chocolates indicated the possibility of an adulteration with an undeclared coloring substance. Consequently, it was also found that the level of information provided by chocolate packaging was insufficient in most cases.
SEGURANÇA E EFICÁCIA DO TRATAMENTO COM ESTATINAS EM PACIENTES MUITO IDOSOS
Authors: Alves Renato Jorge , Goncalves Cezar Emiliano Fernandes
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction and objectives: The treatment of dyslipidemia over 75 years old is not well elucidated, due to the non-inclusion in large randomized clinical trials. Elderly people develop atherosclerosis more often and the worldwide population shows greater longevity. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of statin in very elderly people. Methods: The patients were divided into two groups: over 75 years (very elderly) and up to 75 years (control group). We evaluated: coronary artery disease (CAD); stroke; clearance of creatinine; creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and transaminase (ALT, AST) levels; lipid profile; type, dosage, and time using a statin. Results: The sample of 120 patients, 53,2% male, age 74.1 (±11.1) years, 82.3 very elderly, and 64.9 years in the control group. The total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in very elderly and control were 162 and 166 (p=ns), 84 and 90 (p=ns), 52.5 and 47 mg/dL (p=0.07), respectively. CAD and stroke, respectively 52.5 and 78.8% (p=0.007), and 18.6 and 7.7% (p=0.09). The time using a statin and the number of drugs taken were the same in the groups. The CPK and ALT levels were 97 and 110 (p=ns) and 16.5 and 20 U/L (p=0.004), respectively. There was no statin dose reduction in the elderly group despite the higher proportion of clinical comorbidities or renal dysfunction. Conclusions: The statin treatment in very elderly patients is effective and safe. The increased risk of CAD and stroke in elderly people corroborate the importance of statin use in this age group.
Docking-informed machine learning for kinome wide affinity prediction
Authors: Schifferstein Jordy , Bernatavicius Andrius , Janssen Antonius P.A.
Published: April 2024

Kinase inhibitors are an important class of anti-cancer drugs, with 80 inhibitors clinically approved, and >100 in active clinical testing. Most bind competitively in the ATP-binding site, leading to challenges with selectivity for a specific kinase, resulting in risks for toxicity and general off-target effects. Assessing the binding of an inhibitor for the entire kinome is experimentally possible but expensive. A reliable and interpretable computational prediction of kinase selectivity would greatly benefit the inhibitor discovery and optimisation process. Here, we use machine learning on docked poses to address this need. To this end, we aggregated all known inhibitor-kinase affinities and generated the complete accompanying 3D interactome by docking all inhibitors to the respective high quality X-ray structures. We then used this resource to train a neural network as a kinase-specific scoring function, which achieved an overall performance (R²) of 0.63-0.74 on unseen inhibitors across the kinome. The entire pipeline from molecule to 3D-based affinity prediction has been fully automated and wrapped in a freely available package. This has a graphical user interface which is tightly integrated with PyMOL to allow immediate adoption in the medicinal chemistry practice.
Self-Reporting Hypoxia-Responsive Supramolecular Phototheranostic Nanomaterials Based on AIEgen and Azocalixarene
Authors: Han Xiao-Wen , Zhang Guo-Ling , Chen Pu , Zhang Jing , Shan Guo-gang , Qi Chunxuan , Tang Ben Zhong , Feng Hai-Tao
Published: April 2024

Hypoxia is a significant feature in most of solid tumors and developing hypoxia-responsive phototheranostic system is still a challenge. In this contribution, a supramolecular assembly strategy based on sulfonate-functionalized azocalix[4]arene (SAC4A) and cationic aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer (namely TPA-H) was proposed for hypoxia-responsive bioimaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Upon supramolecular complexation of TPA-H and SAC4A through electrostatic interaction, the fluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of TPA-H were largely inhibited. In hypoxic tumors, the azo group of SAC4A can be reduced to aniline derivative and release the included TPA-H to recover its pristine fluorescence and ROS. Interestingly, the free TPA-H undergoes cell membrane-to-mitochondria translocation during cell imaging, achieving a real-time self-reporting PDT system. In vivo tumor imaging and therapy reveal that this as-prepared supramolecular complexes have good biosafety and efficient antitumor activity under hypoxia. Such hypoxia-responsive supramolecular photosensitizer system will enrich image-guided PDT.
Human CRB1 and CRB2 form homo- and heteromeric protein complexes in the retina
Authors: Stehle Isabel F , Imventarza Joel A , Woerz Franziska , Hoffmann Felix , Boldt Karsten , Beyer Tina , Quinn Peter MJ , Ueffing Marius
Published: April 2024

Crumbs homolog 1(CRB1) is one of the key genes linked to retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis, which are characterized by a high clinical heterogeneity. The Crumbs family member CRB2 has a similar protein structure to CRB1, and in zebrafish, Crb2 has been shown to interact through the extracellular domain. Here, we show that CRB1 and CRB2 co-localize in the human retina and human iPSC-derived retinal organoids. In retina-specific pull-downs, CRB1 was enriched in CRB2 samples, supporting a CRB1–CRB2 interaction. Furthermore, novel interactors of the crumbs complex were identified, representing a retina-derived protein interaction network. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we further demonstrate that human canonical CRB1 interacts with CRB1 and CRB2, but not with CRB3, which lacks an extracellular domain. Next, we explored how missense mutations in the extracellular domain affect CRB1–CRB2 interactions. We observed no or a mild loss of CRB1–CRB2 interaction, when interrogating various CRB1 or CRB2 missense mutants in vitro. Taken together, our results show a stable interaction of human canonical CRB2 and CRB1 in the retina.
Research Progress on Curriculum Assessment Reform for Nursing Majors
Authors: Li Yunling , Zheng Miaohao
Published: April 2024

This article introduces the limitations of conventional methods of curriculum assessment and the importance of reforming them. Specifically, it analyzes the present status of nursing curriculum assessment reform and highlights the issues that currently exist. Moreover, it also outlines the future development directions of nursing curriculum assessment reform research.
Effectiveness of murottal Al-Quran therapy on post-operative pain
Authors: Nuzulullail Agung Subakti , Mustofa Akhmad , Vranada Aric
Published: April 2024

In the last few decades, non-pharmacological therapy has been commonly used in the management of postoperative pain with the advantage of minimal side effects. Murottal Al-Quran therapy is a non-pharmacological therapy that can be used to treat pain. The application of non-pharmacological murottal Al-Quran therapy for post-operative pain has not yet been clarified. The aim of this literature is to analyze the effect of Al-Quran murottal therapy on patients with post-operative pain. The method used applies the Literature review method. Articles related to the effectiveness of Al-Quran murottal therapy in post-operative pain patients were summarized from the Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. Article searches were carried out using the PRISMA method with keyword searches: post-operative pain, Al-Quran murottal therapy, post and pre-intervention pain scale, and pain scale reduction. As a result of a total of 7 articles identified, women constituted the majority of respondents with an age range of 40-45 years and more than 60 years. The results of the review summarize 1 article using the Al-Kahf letter and 2 articles using the Ar-Rahman letter as a non-pharmacological intervention. Most articles explain that the intervention is implemented for 15 minutes using audio recording media. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) is used as a pain scale assessment method. All articles show a decrease in the postoperative pain scale after intervention (NRS pre-post intervention <0.05). In conclusion, Al-Quran murottal therapy is very effective as a non-pharmacological therapy in efforts to reduce the pain scale in post-operative patients.
The Use of Digital Technologies in Professional Training of Primary School Teachers
Authors: Shvardak Marianna , Ostrovska Marianna , Predyk Alina , Moskovchuk Liudmyla
Published: April 2024

The growing significance of digital technologies in society creates a need to train teachers who can use these technologies in the educational process and prepare students for life in the digital world. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of digital technologies used in professional training of primary school teachers on increasing their professional competence level. The adapted versions of Ferrell & Daniel’s test for Measuring Teacher Career Motivations, the Orshanski’s orientation of future teachers towards humanistic and professional value were used to diagnose the state of development of professional competence. The level of the development of the subject-subjective model of pedagogical communication (modified test based on Sternberg & Williams, Alexander & Winne) and the level of projective skills in primary school teachers were also diagnosed. The students’ performance was assessed based on the results of the examinations. Chi-squared test (χ2) was used for statistical confirmation of the conducted research. Positive dynamics were found in both groups after the formative stage of the experiment. However, the experimental group was noted for greater quantitative and qualitative improvement for the selected criteria. The largest changes were observed for the operational criterion with a difference of 15.40% (against 7.90% in the control group). The cognitive criterion showed the smallest increase: 8.5% in the experimental group compared to 3.4% in the control group. The high general mean showed a difference of 11.22% for the experimental group and 5.1% for the control group. It is also important to note a greater increase in the average indicator at the general level in the experimental group of 52.04% compared to 40.82% in the control group. The differences in the distributions of the control and experimental groups according to the levels of each criterion are statistically reliable and testify to the effectiveness of using digital technologies for the development of professional competence of future primary school teachers. The areas for further research include the analysis of the impact of digital technologies on the development of information literacy skills and critical thinking.