bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental audit as a tool for socio-economic evaluation & security management of an industrial enterprise
Authors: Yashin Sergey , Borisov Sergey , Sukhanov Dmitry
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the authors consider environmental audit as a tool for managing the safety of an industrial enterprise. The objects of the study are the industrial enterprises of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The subjects of the study are: the concept, the legal framework, the stages of evolution, the structure and methods of environmental audit. In particular, the authors consider a specific example of the use of internal environmental audit methods to assess the socio-economic efficiency of the innovative project to reduce industrial injuries in industrial enterprises. As tools and methods of analysis, the authors propose to use the author’s approach to the calculation and assessment of the cost of damage from occupational injuries, based on the Danish method of assessing the effectiveness of innovative projects with a pronounced environmental component in the field of prevention of occupational injuries, taking into account the damage arising from the “loss of well-being”. One of the significant proposals of the authors to conduct this study are reasoned proposals to finalize the existing and accepted in the Russian Federation methodology for assessing the economic losses of the organization from industrial injuries and occupational diseases.
Regional features of legislative framework for environmental security of the Russian Federation
Authors: Voskresenskaya Elena , Vorona-Slivinskaya Lybov , Mokhorov Dmitry , Tebryaev Alexander
Published: August 2019

The article addresses the problem of the current environmental crisis, which threatens the sustainable development of human civilization. As a result of further degradation of natural systems, the biosphere gets destabilized and loses its integrity, the large areas get devastated, and the quality of the environment necessary for life becomes unstable. The crisis can be overcome only by building a relationship of the human and the nature which does not leave room for destruction and degradation of the natural environment. Thus, scientific research, analysis and search for solutions to legal problems of ensuring environmental security in the regions of the Russian Federation acquire special relevance and practical significance and are the objectives of this work. Without theoretical understanding and scientific research of the elements of this system and, first of all, the regional system of legislative framework for environmental security and its features in the field of governance, it is impossible to achieve the necessary interaction of federal and regional systems and to solve the problem, since there remain fundamental causes and sources that generate the whole range of threats to ecological security.
Development of a green economy and environmentally friendly business in Russia
Authors: Gassiy Violetta , Stoikov Vasiliy
Published: August 2019

The issues of the environmentally friendly business development in Russia are considered in the paper. The authors research the concept of green production and market, management tools for corporate environmental responsibility. The paper examines the environmental innovations as changes in the socio-economic development of the society, which, together with a positive effect, improve the state of the environment or significantly reduce the negative impact on it. In the conclusion, the authors state that the greening of the enterprise’s relations with consumers implies, on the one hand, encouraging the supply of environmental goods and services, and on the other, creating a consumers’ good taste - economic needs and interests oriented to high eco standards. In the paper, the necessity of the green business guidelines implementation in Russia is justified. It helps to form and improve the entrepreneurial culture and a responsible attitude towards society and nature, as well as to promote principles of green economy.
Adaptive evolution as a biological analogue of sustainable energy technologies
Authors: Podvalny Semen , Vasiljev Eugeny
Published: August 2019

An analogy is drawn between complex energy technologies and the evolution of biological structures. The subject is a general property of the variety of biological and ecological systems providing their existence and development in the conditions of critical changes of the external environment. The mechanisms of realization of this variety are formulated as principles: the multilevelness of both the structure and functioning of these systems; variety and division of functions, modularity of their components. At the pre-biological stage of the emergence of life as a phenomenon, these principles did not allow the overwhelming domination of any unique type of macromolecules and provided their joint, yet competing development. At the level of populations, the evolution can originate only if the speed of their internal accumulation of genetic variety surpasses the speed of a stream of events in the changing environmental conditions. In ecological systems, the stability of evolutionary processes is provided due to the internal formation of the multilevel hierarchical structure, which is combined with the variety of individual adaptive functions of different types at each level of an ecosystem. The concept of multialternativity offered as a way of understanding the mechanisms of evolution and adaptation in living organisms gives the opportunity of purposeful reproducing these mechanisms in the control systems of complex energy objects and increasing the stability of their functioning.
Assessment of the results of the municipal healthcare system reform (Russian experience)
Authors: Bagaeva Irina , Ilin Igor , Iliashenko Oksana
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this article was to study and evaluate the results of the healthcare system modernization reform as one of the most important areas of social municipal policy. The main goal of the modernization program was to improve the health status of the population of the municipal district, to improve the system of medical care, to increase the availability and quality of medical care to the population, to increase the efficiency of the use and distribution of resources. To obtain the results of the reform evaluation, a sociological study was carried out on the basis of the analysis of documents (results of the Municipal Healthcare Modernization Program tasks, the identification of the level of provision of the population with qualified medical care), respondents’ opinions identification (which brought reform) with the help of a questionnaire survey. The research results indicate the ambiguity of the reform assessment both from medical services consumers and from service providers as well. The research results indicate the need to find new approaches to the municipal healthcare management. The paper substantiates the hypothesis: only a comprehensive assessment of all influencing factors will make the right management decisions in healthcare reform, balance and smooth out negative influences, preserve, and possibly increase the existing level of medical care to the population of the municipality.
Development of methodology for evaluation of innovative IT-projects
Authors: Tatiana Lisienkova , Lisienkova Liubov , Baranova Ekaterina , Nosova Lyudmila , Tursukova Inna
Published: August 2019

Innovative business development based on a digital transformation is the urgent task for companies. It is able to ensure the implementation of innovation strategy and digital transformation of business. Due to the high development speed and the IT-market updating, the problem is lack of methods of rational choice of the IT-project. In practice, companies often implement IT-projects without reasonable selection and ranking, which leads to a high proportion of failed innovative IT-projects. As a result, the company does not receive a commercially successful product or service that stands out to the consumer among competitors. The evaluation of innovative IT-projects is based on the financial indicators analysis of the expected results from the implementation. The evaluation of the strategic coherence of the project is ignored. The research approaches the methodical of ranking innovative IT-projects in companies. The method consists in a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the proposed project results in various aspects of the company (strategic, environmental, organizational and technological). The study highlights the features of innovative projects in the field of information technology, a comparative analysis of methodological approaches to the evaluation of innovative projects, modified the model of acceptance of IT-innovations.
Population’s health study as a factor of resource saving
Authors: Astafieva Natalia , Ivanova Natalia , Dorozhkina Elena , Minnullin Ruslan
Published: August 2019

The article presents an approach to factor monitoring of health status of the population, based on a system of indicators used in international comparisons and in the labor and energy resources management system. This methodical approach is supplemented by indicators, taking into account specifics of the issue being studied (mortality at working age and incidence of socially-related diseases). Integrated health index of the population is calculated, the degree of its dependence on the constituent components is revealed, an assessment of the effectiveness of social policy instruments for saving labor resources in health care has been carried out when implementing the concept of innovative development of the country and the energy management system.
Determination of the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone of the state regional electric power plant: environmental aspect
Authors: Mezenina Olga
Published: August 2019

In order to ensure the safety of the population around objects and industries that are sources of impact on the environment and human health, a special territory is established with a special regime of use - the sanitary protection zone (SPZ). According to the regulatory framework of Russia, the approximate size of the SPZ should be justified by the project of a sanitary protection zone with calculations of expected air pollution and levels of physical impact on atmospheric air, and confirmed by the results of field studies and measurements. This paper analyzes the requirements and possibilities for establishing the boundaries of the SPZ for a state regional electric power plant (SREPP). The paper presents an example of the established SPZ boundaries of the energy company, where all calculated indicators correspond to sanitary and construction norms and rules, and the company does not need to create a new SPZ project. The new requirements for defining the SPZ boundaries from 2018 are presented, and terms of object outline, areal object and circuit are analyzed.
Determination of the limits of municipal formations in the inhomogeneous geoinformation space
Authors: Kalyuzhin Victor , Karavaytsyev Fedor , Shchukina Vera
Published: August 2019

The article discusses the technical design of the boundaries of municipalities in the inhomogeneous geospace. The scientific hypothesis of the work is that the use of technical approximation in the design of municipal boundaries will allow them to be scientifically established locally and increase the level of automation. It is noted that the existing methods of technical design of the boundaries of municipal formations do not allow taking into account the heterogeneity of geospatial data, and the functionality of the software for the preparation of land management documentation has a low level of automation of geometric design. The consequences of this are significant labor costs and the influence of the subjective factor on the design decisions. Nowadays, there is no single approach to perform technical (geometric) design of the boundaries of municipalities in Russia. At the same time, the establishment of the Institute of local self-government in Russia requires reliable and relevant data on the state of the territory and the boundaries of municipalities. To solve this problem, a methodology has been developed, which includes principles, additional requirements, theoretical basis of technical design of municipal boundaries, algorithm and software module for geometric design.
Adaptive method of generation of optimal production orders
Authors: Korableva Galina , Kucherova Elena
Published: August 2019

The article describes the approach to the generation of production or sales orders for enterprises with ordering planning system. The adaptive method of orders’ generation for production and sales of products is multi-level and includes several stages, allowing forming almost optimal package of applications from consumers, obtained by a mathematical model, the optimization criterion of which is the profit function from product sales. The functional structure of the automated decision support system, which is a tool for implementing an adaptive methodology, is considered. The developed method will reduce energy costs during transportation and storage of production orders.
Formation of an effective management structure for enterprises in the energy sector of the economy
Authors: Lemesheva Zhanna , Yurchenko Oksana , Karpovich Myron , Petrikova Zinaida , Bratishko Natalya , Garipova Larisa
Published: August 2019

The aim of the study is to form an effective management structure for enterprises in the energy sector of the economy, operating in an unstable external environment. The result of the analysis of modern types of organizational structures is the proposed form of management structure, which takes into account the construction specifics. The developed set of guidelines for assessing the efficiency of the management structure can be applied not only in the construction industry but also in other industries, including in the energy sector. Special attention is paid to the analysis of external and internal factors affecting the activities of enterprises. Various structures of enterprise management are modeled using mathematical models and the preference matrix method when assessing the integral indicator of the management structure efficiency.
Assessment of the efficiency of innovation projects in the energy sector
Authors: Ershova Natalia , Shangaraev Ruslan , Kostyshak Mikhail , Safonova Natalia , Sukhova Valentina , Popkova Elena , Tinkova Elena
Published: August 2019

The aim of the study is to develop methods for assessing the efficiency of innovation and investment projects in the energy sector of the economy. As a result of the analysis of existing approaches, the modern problems of assessment are revealed, and possible ways of their solution are identified. A comprehensive analysis of the impact of innovation projects was carried out, and indicators and criteria for assessing their efficiency were determined. The assessment methods were structured on the basis of a combined approach, adequate to the target orientation of the projects, and a set of methodological recommendations was developed for assessing the efficiency of innovation and investment projects in the energy sector.
Forecasting the investment and production potential of an enterprise of the energy sector
Authors: Golov Roman , Pushkareva Maria , Prykina Larisa , Belyantseva Oksana , Smorodina Elena , Sysoev Denis
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this paper is to develop a mechanism for forecasting the potential of an enterprise through the formation of an algorithm for assessing the current state and forecasting investment and production capabilities. The study summarized and systematized theoretical and methodological research in the field of development of management processes, classified the main problems of effective functioning of organizations, developed a method of forecasting the activities of organizations, taking into account the most important criteria. The developed method of the medium-term forecast of the production and financial activities of the organization is universal and can be adapted to the specifics of the activities of any production enterprise.
Entrepreneurship development matrix in the energy sector
Authors: Manukhina Lyubov , Prykina Larisa
Published: August 2019

The conceptual idea of entrepreneurship is usually based on the need to carry out initiative activities aimed at profit making (acquisition of personal income). It means production of new or improved types of goods, energy resources and services based on technological and organizational innovations in the energy industry. Ways of boosting the productive system from its lower level of organization to a higher one are substantiated. For this purpose, all the factors of the state of internal and external activity environments must constantly be within the limits of allowable entrepreneurial niches, i.e. allowable calculated values. The conceptual idea should: ensure output of products, works and services that meet the receiver’s requirements in terms of the quality, increase marketability, ensure implementation of envisaged programs, increase economic efficiency, ensure the compliance of the entrepreneur’s opportunities. Such compliance can be achieved through a detailed system development of a combination of the above factors. For example, through strategic planning of activities using entrepreneurship matrix assessment based on cluster organizational models. Rational ways of entrepreneurship development in the energy sector should be chosen on the basis of the analysis of its cluster, matrix components.
Methodical approach to the assessment of housing-and-communal services management
Authors: Mottaeva Asiiat
Published: August 2019

The objective of this research is the development of methodical approach to the assessment of the quality of housing-and-municipal services management for the formation of the mechanism of effective functioning and development of the organizations in the housing-and-municipal complex of the city and of the country in general in modern conditions. The author offers an integrated approach to the assessment of quality of housing-and-communal services management. The five-criteria functional model, which allows observing in what directions the priority improvements of the control system are necessary, is also created by the author. The results of the research can be used by regional and municipal authorities, as well as by the heads of organizations working in the sphere of housing-and-communal services in order to form the mechanism of optimum management of the development of this industry, of the assessment of its efficiency, and justification of sources of its financing.
Improvement of management in the housing-and-communal sphere in the green economy
Authors: Mottaeva Angela
Published: August 2019

The relevance of the research subject is dictated by the poor quality of management at all the levels of the system of housing-and-communal services in Russia, insufficient study of the specifics of management of the industry, and also by the need of the development of ways of the increase in management efficiency for the purpose of providing its development according to the requirements of the green economy. The mechanism and structural model of management of housing-and-communal services were developed. It will allow increasing the management quality in the organizations of housing-and-communal services in the context of its sustainable development, structural dynamics, features of manifestation of interrelations of its elements, and also to resolve some contradictions. Such contradictions exist among the purposes of the state (development of the competition in the market of housing-and-communal services), purposes of commercial organization (making maximum profit), and purposes of population (receiving high-quality and cheap services). Moreover, the contradictions exist among the economical purposes, social interests and environmental priorities. The results of the research can be useful for the improvement of management in the housing-and-communal sphere according to the principles of green economy.
Growth and morphological responses of Chlorella vulgaris at different initial algal densities to treatment with Ceratophyllum demersum methanol extracts
Authors: Dong Jing , Chang Mengyang , Li Chenlu , Dai Dujuan
Published: August 2019

The allelopathically inhibitory effects of submerged macrophytes on phytoplankton have been extensively studied and are utilised as an effective strategy for water restoration. However, this technique has been minimally implemented in natural in situ water bodies because of the unclear and complex interactions involved. Our study considered the uneven density distribution of algae in natural aquatic ecosystems and the biomass-dependent effects of submerged macrophytes on target algae. Ceratophyllum demersum methanol extracts of gradient concentration on Chlorella vulgaris with different initial algal density were conducted in the present laboratory study. Results indicated that methanol extracts of C. demersum could not only inhibit the growth of but also promote colony formation of C. vulgaris. C. vulgaris of a low density exerted increased inhibition and colony proportion responses to C. demersum extracts. By 0.42 g/mL C. demersum treatment, the inhibition rate on C. vulgaris under 0.02 IAD (Initial Alagal Density) and 0.05 IAD (p < 0.05) was 88.7%, 70.9%, respectively. We also suggested that the effects of C. demersum were biomass dependent, such that extracts with high concentration could produce increased inhibitory effects on C. vulgaris. According to GC-MS analysis, the study revealed five potential compounds (i.e. hexanoic, acetoacetic, azelaic, palmitic and stearic acid) in the C. demersum methanol extracts. However, the individual or combined effects of those compounds require further exploration. This study proposed certain theoretical basis for future water restoration by submerged macrophytes, that the biomass of the macrophytes and the density of the algae should both be taken into account.
Harninkontinenz bei geriatrischen Patienten: Medikamentöse Therapie
Authors: Wiedemann Andreas , Becher Klaus , Bojack Barbara , Ege Sigrid , von der Heide Silke , Kirschner-Hermanns Ruth
Published: August 2019

Einleitung 1/2019 wurde ein update der seit 2005 in AWMF eingestellten und fortlaufend aktualisierten Leitlinie „Harninkontinenz bei geriatrischen Patienten – Diagnostik und Therapie“ durch die interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe „Harninkontinenz“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geriatrie (DGG) publiziert. Aus dieser Leitlinie, die als offizielle Leitlinie DGG akkreditiert ist, stellt der vorliegende Artikel das Kapitel „Medikamentöse Therapie“ dar.

Methodik In einem strukturierten Bewertungsprozess identifizierte eine Literaturrecherche zunächst die vorhandene Literatur im Kontext des „geriatrischen Patienten“, wie er als zumeist über 70jährig und multimorbid oder über 80jährig durch die Fachgesellschaften definiert ist. Primäre Berücksichtigung fanden randomisierte, doppelblinde, plazebokontrollierte Studien sowie bereits vorhandene Leitlinien zum Thema. Wo keine solchen Untersuchungen vorlagen oder aus methodischen Gründen prinzipiell nicht durchführbar sind, wurden auch Publikationen anderen Designs (nicht randomisierte Untersuchungen, Fallkontrollstudien) zur Leitlinienerstellung herangezogen. Die daraus resultierenden Leitlinienempfehlungen wurden in einem strukturierten Abstimmungsprozess unterzogen; das Ergebnis ist in Prozent der zustimmenden Gruppenmitgliedern angegeben.

Ergebnisse Die medikamentöse Therapie der Überaktiven Blase, der Belastungsharninkontinenz und der Überlaufinkontinenz sowie die unspezifische medikamentöse Therapie mit Antidiuretika wurde vor dem besonderen Hintergrund des vulnerablen, potentiell kognitiv eingeschränkten und im Rahmen der Multimorbidität und Multimedikation durch Medikamenteninteraktionen besonders gefährdeten Patienten betrachtet. Dabei fand das relevante Nebenwirkungsprofil der eingesetzten Substanzen besondere Berücksichtigung.

Schlussfolgerungen Eine medikamentöse Therapie der Harninkontinenz bedarf bei den besonders vulnerablen, häufig multimedizierten Patienten eine besonders sorgfältige Indikationsstellung und Überwachung in Kenntnis des spezifischen Risiko- und Nebenwirkungsprofils der eingesetzten Substanzen.
50 Jahre Nierenzellkarzinom
Authors: Doehn Christian
Published: August 2019

In den letzten 50 Jahren konnten auch beim Nierenzellkarzinom viele Wissenlücken geschlossen werden. Die Pathologie hat zu einer einheitlichen Klasifikation gefunden und verschiedene histologische Subtypen detektiert. Beim klarzelligen Nierenzellkarzinom kommt dem (mutierten) von-Hippel-Lindau-Gen auf dem Chromosom 3 eine überragende Bedeutung zu.

Die operative Therapie des nichtmetastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms hat über die radikale Nephrektomie zu einer dem Tumorstadium angemessenen Operation mit Belassen der Nebeniere und Etablierung der nierenerhaltenden Operationstechniken gefunden. Dies geschieht heute zunehmend laparoskopisch bzw. roboterassitiert. Noch minimal-inasiver ist dann nur die Kryoablation, Radiofrequenzablation oder die aktive Überwachung – jeweils für den kleinen Nierentumor bis 4 cm und strenger Indikationsstellung.

Beim metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinom dominiert die systemische Therapie. Schnell war erkannt, dass Chemotherapeutika nicht zur Therapie des Nierenzellkarzinoms geeignet sind. Die Ära der Zytokintherapie – immerhin über 20 Jahre eingesetzt – ist unvergessen. Die fortgeschriebenen Erkenntnisse zur Mutation des von-Hippel-Lindau-Gens mit Akkumulation des hypoxieinduzierenden Faktors und nachfolgend erhöhter Transkription von vaskulärem endothelialem Wachstumsfaktor (VEGF) waren Rationale für den erfolgreichen Einsatz von Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren, mTOR-Inhibitor und VEGF-Antikörpern wie wir sie seit 2006 kennen. Der Einsatz der Checkpoint-Inhibitoren hat die systemische Therapie des Nierenzellkarzinoms erneut und relevant verändert.
Effect of Eyelid Involvement in the Reconstruction of Medial Canthal Defects
Authors: Altin Ekin Meryem , Karadeniz Ugurlu Seyda
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to present surgical techniques for the reconstruction of medial canthal defects with and without the involvement of the eyelid. This study included 31 patients who underwent medial canthal reconstruction after tumor excision during a 6-year period. Data regarding patient demographics, defect size, tumor pathology, surgery techniques, functional and cosmetic outcomes, and complications were recorded. The reconstructive methods used in the study were divided into groups as per the site of the defect (medial canthal, medial canthal with upper eyelid, medial canthal with lower eyelid, and medial canthal with both eyelids). The most common histopathological diagnosis of the lesions was basal cell carcinoma (74.2%). Postoperative complications (6.4%) included flap necrosis in one patient and lid margin notching in another. Among patients who underwent reconstruction, 8 (25.8%) had only medial canthal defect, 6 (19.3%) had medial canthal defect extending to the upper eyelid, 7 (22.6%) had medial canthal defect extending to the lower eyelid, and 10 (32.3%) had medial canthal defect extending to both the eyelids. The functional outcome was regarded as normal in 30 (96.8%) patients and limited in 1 (3.2%) patient. Cosmetic outcomes were satisfactory in all the patients. The use of alternative reconstructive approaches for different subunits of the medial canthus is an efficient method to achieve superior functional and cosmetic outcomes.
Ohne Genehmigung im Krankenhaus-MVZ aushelfen?
Authors: Tobias Weimer
Published: August 2019

Immer wieder kommt es vor, dass ärztliche Krankenhaus-Mitarbeiter im trägereigenen MVZ eingesetzt werden. „Kannst Du bitte die Sprechstunde übernehmen?“ heißt es dann lapidar auf kollegialer Ebene. Dass diese Einsätze weitreichende Folgen haben können, ist jedoch nicht allen bewusst.
Gesundheitswirtschaftskongress: Digitalisierung: Wandel erfordert mutiges Change Management
Authors: Lohmann Heinz
Published: August 2019

Endlich ermöglicht der Entwicklungsstand der Digitalisierung auch immer mehr hilfreiche Nutzungsmöglichkeiten in komplexen Branchen, wie es unsere Gesundheitswirtschaft eine ist. Jetzt gilt es, innere Widerstände zügig zu überwinden, um die Chancen digitaler Lösungen zur Bewältigung der enormen Herausforderungen voll erschließen zu können.
Neue Wege im Recruiting: Haben Sie heute ein Foto für uns?
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: August 2019

Bewerbung mit Spontan-Selfie oder per App? Der Wettbewerb um Klinikpersonal geht neue, mitunter skurrile Wege. Das Spektrum reicht von Guerilla-Marketing-Aktivitäten bis hin zu ausgefeilten Employer-Branding-Kampagnen.
Long noncoding RNAs are involved in multiple immunological pathways in response to vaccination
Authors: de Lima Diógenes S. , Cardozo Lucas E. , Maracaja-Coutinho Vinicius , Suhrbier Andreas , Mane Karim , Jeffries David , Silveira Eduardo L. V. , Amaral Paulo P. , Rappuoli Rino , de Silva Thushan I. , Nakaya Helder I.
Published: August 2019

Understanding the mechanisms of vaccine-elicited protection contributes to the development of new vaccines. The emerging field of systems vaccinology provides detailed information on host responses to vaccination and has been successfully applied to study the molecular mechanisms of several vaccines. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucially involved in multiple biological processes, but their role in vaccine-induced immunity has not been explored. We performed an analysis of over 2,000 blood transcriptome samples from 17 vaccine cohorts to identify lncRNAs potentially involved with antibody responses to influenza and yellow fever vaccines. We have created an online database where all results from this analysis can be accessed easily. We found that lncRNAs participate in distinct immunological pathways related to vaccine-elicited responses. Among them, we showed that the expression of lncRNA FAM30A was high in B cells and correlates with the expression of immunoglobulin genes located in its genomic vicinity. We also identified altered expression of these lncRNAs in RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data from a cohort of children following immunization with intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine, suggesting a common role across several diverse vaccines. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that lncRNAs have a significant impact on immune responses induced by vaccination.
Expertise acquisition through deliberate practice
Authors: Angelone Erik , Marín García Álvaro
Published: August 2019

In his influential 2006 publication, Shreve, in citing Ericsson (1996, 21), outlines a series of fundamental conditions that must be met in order for the translator to acquire expertise. While expertise research on professional translator performance in authentic contexts has only recently started to gain traction in earnest, these conditions for expertise acquisition, while well-suited for academic contexts involving formal translator training, may not be as readily realizable within the language industry. In an attempt to complement recent workplace studies on translation (Risku and Windhager 2013; Ehrensberger-Dow 2014), our questionnaire-based explorative study sets out to gain a better understanding of how expertise in translation is conceptualized and fostered from within the language industry. By gauging how professional translators, as well as the project managers for whom they work, regard expertise from the perspective of the requisite conditions outlined by Shreve, we hope to establish greater clarity as to how expertise is envisioned, practiced, and valued along emic lines.
English films vs Italian films
Authors: Zago Raffaele
Published: August 2019

The objective of this paper is to address issues of comparability between English and Italian film dialogues. A comparison is drawn between dispersed words and n-grams extracted from the original English component, from the dubbed Italian component and from the original Italian component of the Pavia Corpus of Film Dialogue (Freddi and Pavesi 2009a; Pavesi et al. 2014; Zago 2018) via the WordSmith Tools software (Scott 2011). Besides identifying cross-linguistic dimensions of comparability between non-translated films, the paper examines the linguistic profile of dubbed Italian films against the background of both the language of original English films – the source texts – and the language of original Italian films. The findings suggest that film dialogue is a cross-linguistically stable register driven by the need to represent orality as well as by diegetic concerns.
Performing ‘the people’?
Authors: Önnerfors Andreas
Published: August 2019

This chapter analyses the construction of the people (das Volk) in the populist style of politics as performed in the German PEGIDA-movement. Pointing at the ambiguities of the term in the German political post-unification discourse, he demonstrates how PEGIDA traces its legacy back to the GDR citizen movement and to the idea of resistance against a dictatorial system still awaiting a final redemption. PEGIDA presents Das Volk as the legitimate representative of the German population, threatened in its very existence by the machinations of a toxic combination of evil-minded domestic elites and trans-national migration. Önnerfors locates the linguistic and performative strategies of PEGIDA within a larger European New Right (ENR) discourse and argues that it combines elements from mono- and multifascism.
“The people” in the discourse of the Romanian government and opposition
Authors: Levonian Raluca Mihaela
Published: August 2019

This article analyzes the discourse of the government and opposition parties in Romania, between 2011 and 2012. It examines the construction of “the people” as a popular subject, by applying both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results show that the government tended to present “the people” as the only agents responsible for their material well-being, while denying the possibility for them to influence the decisions taken in the political sphere. In contrast, the opposition focused on the representation of the Romanian citizens as voters who have the democratic right to decide their rulers. The opposition parties attributed to the state the responsibility for general prosperity. The opposition constructs an extended chain of equivalences between the demands of various socio-professional categories forming “the people” and a marked dichotomy between “the people” and the governing elites, which are subsequently equated with the communist dictatorship.
The Volk (‘people’) and its modes of representation by Alternative für Deutschland-AfD (‘Alternative for Germany’)
Authors: Ayerbe Linares Miguel
Published: August 2019

The concept of the German ‘people’ is central in the discourses of the new political party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD), which emerged on the political scene in 2013. Characterised as a right-wing populist Eurosceptic party, AfD presents itself as giving voice to the German ‘people’, its concerns and fears, in counterposition to other political groupings which it describes as etabliert (established) or Altparteien (old parties). These parties, it asserts, have betrayed the German people both economically and culturally, and this has been exacerbated by their responses to recent migratory movements. In this context, it is pertinent to ask what the term ‘(German) people’ actually means for this political movement: what are its representatives referring to when they speak of the ‘(German) people’? Who are the ‘people’ whose legitimate representative AfD claims to be? What words are used to describe them, and how are they represented in their relationships to other players, such as the government, the established parties, the EU, or migrants and refugees? The present study will focus on the following sources: the bulletin AfD-Kompakt, the election manifestos, and the Twitter accounts of the party and its leader Frauke Petry. First, I analyse the lexemes used to refer to the people, taking into account their connotations in the historical context of German nationalism. Secondly, I conduct a qualitative analysis of key excerpts from these sources in which the ‘people’ are represented in their relationship with their various adversaries. Finally, I bring these ideas together to consider the AfD’s characteristic mode of representation, that is, the way in which it legitimises its claims to speak for the German people.
A meta-analysis of the effects of instruction and corrective feedback on L2 pragmatics and the role of moderator variables
Authors: Yousefi Marziyeh , Nassaji Hossein
Published: August 2019

This paper reports the results of a meta-analysis of 39 published studies conducted during the last decade (from 2006 to 2016) on the effects of instruction and corrective feedback on learning second language (L2) pragmatics. The study meta-analyzed the effects of instruction in terms of several moderator variables including mode of instruction, type of instruction, outcome measures, length of instruction, language proficiency, and durability of the instructional effects. It was found that (a) computer-assisted instruction generated larger effects than face-to-face instruction, (b) instruction was generally more effective for L2 pragmatic comprehension than production, (c) instruction produced larger effects when tested by selected response outcome measures although different patterns were observed across explicit-implicit categories, (d) longer treatments generated a larger effect size than shorter treatments, (e) studies conducted with intermediate level learners produced larger effect sizes than beginner or advanced level learners, and (f) the observed effects of instruction were maintained.
Discursive portrayal of Islam as “a part of America’s story” in Obama’s presidential speeches
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyyed-Abdolhamid , Noori Mahdieh
Published: August 2019

This article investigates the image portrayed of Islam and Muslims in official speeches of the former US President, Barack Obama during his two terms in office. Applying qualitative data coding procedures and based on a Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) approach, we examine 377 speeches delivered in the period of 2009–2016 within the macro context of US involvements in contemporary international politics to uncover the discursive image of Islam and Islamic attributes projected and subtly reproduced over time by Obama during his presidency. The outcome comprises four major themes shaped around the notions of America’s fundamental values; Dialogue with Muslim communities; Defining good Islam; and Defining bad Muslims. Through a detailed discussion of the discursive construction of these themes and specifically referring to their lexical highlights, we illustrate aspects of Islam-related issues in the view of an American president.
Attitudes to flat adverbs and English usage advice
Authors: Lukač Morana , van Ostade Ingrid Tieken-Boon
Published: August 2019

Widespread as they are in non-standard and informal varieties of English, flat or suffixless adverbs are
subject to prescriptive criticism when appearing in standard English. In the present study we repeated the survey by
Mittins et al. (1970) in Attitudes to English Usage to
investigate whether the acceptability of flat adverbs has changed since the late 1960s. Our findings suggest that
acceptability has grown over the past fifty years, with flat adverbs losing their status of a usage problem. The
analysis of the Hyper Usage Guide of English database suggests the same. Interestingly, we identified a new usage
problem related to the usage of adverbs, one primarily associated with American English, the dual-pair adverb,
thus/thusly.
Centrally‐mediated regulation of peripheral fatigue during knee extensor exercise and consequences on the force‐duration relationship in older men
Authors: Zarzissi Slim , Zghal Firas , Bouzid Mohamed Amine , Hureau Thomas J. , Sahli Sonia , Ben Hassen Habib , Rebai Haithem
Published: August 2019

The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of a critical threshold beyond which peripheral fatigue would not further decrease during knee extensor (KE) exercise in older men, and the consequences of this mechanism on the force‐duration relationship. Twelve old men (59 ± 2 years) randomly performed two different sessions, in which they performed 60 maximum voluntary contractions (MVC; 3s contraction, 2s relaxation). One trial was performed in the unfatigued state (CTRL) and one other following fatiguing neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the KE (FNMES). Peripheral and central fatigue were quantified via pre/post‐exercise decreases in quadriceps twitch‐force (Δ Ptw) and voluntary activation (ΔVA). Critical torque (CT) was determined as the mean force of the last 12 contractions while W′ was calculated as the area above CT. Compared with CTRL, pre‐fatigue (Δ Ptw = −10.3 ± 6.2%) resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in W’ (−18.2 ± 1.6%) in FNMES. However, CT (∼964 N), ΔVA (∼15%) and Δ Ptw (∼25%) post‐MVCs were similar between both conditions. In CTRL, W’ was correlated with Δ Ptw (r 2 = 0.78). Moreover, the difference in W’ between CTRL and FNMES was correlated with the level of pre‐fatigue induced in FNMES (r 2 = 0.76). These findings document that peripheral fatigue is confined to an individual threshold during KE exercise in older men. Furthermore, correlative results suggest that mechanisms regulating peripheral fatigue to a critical threshold also restrict W’, and therefore play a role in exercise capacity in older men.
Specific prime movers’ excitation during free‐weight bench press variations and chest press machine in competitive bodybuilders
Authors: Coratella Giuseppe , Tornatore Gianpaolo , Longo Stefano , Esposito Fabio , Cè Emiliano
Published: August 2019

The current study compared the muscle excitation in free‐weight bench press variations and chest press machine. Ten competitive bodybuilders were recruited. The EMG‐RMS amplitude of clavicular and sternocostal head of pectoralis major, long head of triceps brachii and anterior and lateral deltoid was recorded while performing horizontal (BP), inclined (45°) (IBP) or declined (−15°) bench press (DBP) and chest press machine (CP). Four non‐exhaustive repetitions were performed using 80% of 1‐repetition maximum of each exercise. Both concentric and eccentric phases were recorded. During the concentric phase, [d effect size: 2.78/7.80] clavicular head was more excited in IBP and less excited in CP (d: −9.69/−4.39) compared to all other exercises. The sternocostal head was similarly excited in DBP vs. BP and BP vs. CP and more excited (d: 2.42/9.92) compared to IBP. Triceps brachii excitation was overall greater (d: 2.01/6.75) in BP and DBP compared to all other exercises. Anterior deltoid was less excited (d: 3.84/19.77) in DBP compared to all other exercises. Lateral deltoid excitation was greater (d: 0.96/3.10) in BP, IBP and DBP compared to CP. Muscle excitation during the eccentric phase followed a similar pattern, with the exception of the greater (d: 3.89/11.32) excitation in the clavicular head in BP compared to all other exercises. The present outcomes showed that the excitation of the clavicular and sternocostal head of pectoralis major depends on the bench inclination angle. The use of BP variations vs. CP allows overall greater triceps brachii and lateral deltoid excitation, due to the greater instability.
Reduction of Environmental Load by Telecommuting in Oku-Nikko
Authors: Muto Daiki , Yokoo Noriyoshi , Fujiwara Kisa
Published: August 2019

Heat island phenomenon is occurring in the 23 wards of Tokyo and a vacant house is increasing in Oku-Nikko, so carbon dioxide emissions reduction and application of vacant house may happen by working in Oku-Nikko by means of telecommuting in summer. The Oku-Nikko area has a cool climate peculiar to the mountains in the area of Nikko city at an altitude of about 1270m to about 2500m, the average temperature in August is about 19 ° C, about 8 ° C lower than the center of the city, and It has gained a high reputation as a summer resort for a very long time. On the other hand, as the population declines due to young people moving out of the area and natural declines, the depopulation of the area has progressed and the tourism industry is the subject of the local industry, but the aging of facilities and manpower shortage due to depopulation etc. As the tourism industry declined, the number of buildings no longer used increased, the number of empty buildings increased in Oku-Nikko. Therefore, people using the telework usually work in urban areas work in Oku - Nikko in the summer, effectively utilizing the empty buildings, can also be expected to lead to the revitalization of the area. In this study, this study calculated the carbon dioxide emissions due to air conditioning in houses and offices during the two months of summer and the carbon dioxide emissions associated with commuting, and compared the total value with Oku-Nikko in the 23 wards of Tokyo. As a result, it comes out that carbon dioxide emissions of air conditioning and commuting may be able to become less about 70% than before.
Agent-based simulation on the effect of policies on long-term energy conservation at an area level
Authors: Ohto Y , Akashi Y , Lim J
Published: August 2019

Japan has promoted energy saving in commercial buildings through various policies such as mandatory standards for energy performance, spread of energy labelling, and relevant subsidies. For more efficient policy making, we need to know which measures are effective and how those measures should be combined. We aim to predict the effects of energy saving policies on long-term energy conservation at an area level. This study presents an agent-based simulation model which is composed of building owner agents (OA) and tenant agents (TA). This model can simulate interacts of agents in the area, where OA adjusts the rent for a building and makes a decision for retrofits, and TA moves into a building that maximize its benefits. In the simulation process, we consider not only a positive effect of policy implementation, e.g. energy conservation, but also negative effects: a risk of reducing attractiveness of the area. Therefore, in this paper, we set up an external area in addition to the mainly observed area where simulation is carried out and considered more feasible policies which prevent building tenants from moving to the external area. As a result, we found some important conclusions to achieve both growth of the area and energy conservation.
How could public sectors facilitate to procure professional energy management service for buildings?
Authors: Yashiro Tomonari
Published: August 2019

Professional energy management service could be the useful measure to reduce greenhouse gas emission from the operation of residential and commercial buildings because it can provide professional knowledge to set up the optimized solution that is suitable to the specific conditions and contexts of each building. Though technologies relating to energy management service have been progressed intensively due to the fruit of rapidly undergoing digitalization, the service does not establish business eco-system yet. The paper discusses how policy measures could enhance the dissemination of the service. It focuses on the aspect that public sectors could be the largest client to the emerging service. Based on the debate with policymakers in which the author has committed, the paper identifies significant issues to be considered to establish a standardized contractual framework to procure the service by public sectors. Once the framework is formulated, it could be usable as a template for the standardized template for the procurement contract among the service providers and clients including private sectors and individual owners and users of buildings.