bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Extremely Premature Infants at High Risk of Rehospitalization
Authors: Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Carlo Waldemar A. , McDonald Scott A. , Yao Qing , Das Abhik , Higgins Rosemary D. ,   for the Generic Database and Follow-up Subcommittees of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE:

Extremely low birth weight infants often require rehospitalization during infancy. Our objective was to identify at the time of discharge which extremely low birth weight infants are at higher risk for rehospitalization.

METHODS:

Data from extremely low birth weight infants in Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network centers from 2002–2005 were analyzed. The primary outcome was rehospitalization by the 18- to 22-month follow-up, and secondary outcome was rehospitalization for respiratory causes in the first year. Using variables and odds ratios identified by stepwise logistic regression, scoring systems were developed with scores proportional to odds ratios. Classification and regression-tree analysis was performed by recursive partitioning and automatic selection of optimal cutoff points of variables.

RESULTS:

A total of 3787 infants were evaluated (mean ± SD birth weight: 787 ± 136 g; gestational age: 26 ± 2 weeks; 48% male, 42% black). Forty-five percent of the infants were rehospitalized by 18 to 22 months; 14.7% were rehospitalized for respiratory causes in the first year. Both regression models (area under the curve: 0.63) and classification and regression-tree models (mean misclassification rate: 40%–42%) were moderately accurate. Predictors for the primary outcome by regression were shunt surgery for hydrocephalus, hospital stay of >120 days for pulmonary reasons, necrotizing enterocolitis stage II or higher or spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation, higher fraction of inspired oxygen at 36 weeks, and male gender. By classification and regression-tree analysis, infants with hospital stays of >120 days for pulmonary reasons had a 66% rehospitalization rate compared with 42% without such a stay.

CONCLUSIONS:

The scoring systems and classification and regression-tree analysis models identified infants at higher risk of rehospitalization and might assist planning for care after discharge.
Bismuth-Loaded Polymer Scintillators for Gamma Ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Rupert Benjmain L. , Cherepy Nerine J. , Sturm Benjamin W. , Sanner Robert D. , Dai Zurong , Payne Stephen A.
Published: October 2011

We synthesize a series of polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) monoliths containing varying loadings of triphenyl bismuth as a high-Z dopant and varying fluors, either organic or organometallic, in order to study their use as scintillators capable of gamma ray spectroscopy. A trend of increasing bismuth loading resulting in a better resolved photopeak is observed. For PVK parts with no fluor or a standard organic fluor, diphenylanthracene (DPA), increasing bismuth loading results in decreasing light yield while with samples 1 or 3 % by weight of the triplet harvesting organometallic fluor bis(4,6-difluoropyridinato-N,C2)picolinatoiridium (FIrpic) show increasing light yield with increasing bismuth loading. Our best performing PVK/ BiPh3/FIrpic scintillator with 40 wt % BiPh3 and 3 wt % FIrpic has an emission maximum of 500 nm, a light yield of ∼30,000 photons/MeV, and energy resolution better than 7% FWHM at 662 keV. Replacing the Ir complex with an equal weight of DPA produces a sample with a light yield of ∼6,000 photons/MeV, with an emission maximum at 420 nm and energy resolution of 9% at 662 keV. Transmission electron microscopy studies show that the BiPh3 forms small clusters of approximately 5 nm diameter.
Gold Nanowire Scattering and Absorption Measurements
Authors: Green Andrew J. , Carlson Michael T. , Khan Aurangzeb , Richardson Hugh H.
Published: October 2011

Lithographically prepared gold nanodots and nanowires were placed onto a thermal sensor film to measure heat absorption. These identical wires are also subjected to dark field scattering measurements allowing for a comparison between absorption and scattering at the excitation wavelength. An increasing liner trend is found to exist between nanowires of increasing aspect ratio. The nanostructures also exhibit a decreasing temperature change with increasing wire length with a constant laser flux of 1.3 x 1010 W/m2.
Alterações dos atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho submetido a diferentes sistemas de manejo
Authors: Torres Jose Luiz Rodrigues , Fabian Adelar Jose , Pereira Marcos Gervasio
Published: October 2011

O cultivo do solo pode alterar alguns atributos físicos em relação ao solo não cultivado. Diante disso, neste estudo objetivou-se verificar as alterações provocadas pelos sistemas de uso do solo sobre alguns atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho no Triângulo Mineiro. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: Campo nativo (CN) (testemunha); preparo convencional do solo (PC); pastagem irrigada de braquiária sob pastejo rotacionado tipo VoIsin (PT) e Semeadura direta (SD). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições, onde foram avaliados os seguintes atributos físicos: densidade do solo (Ds), volume total de poros (VTP), microporosidade (MI), macroporosidade (MA), condutividade hidráulica saturada (Kθ, resistência mecânica do solo à penetração (RP) e o índice de sensibilidade (Is). Nas áreas sob PC, SD e PT não foram observadas alterações significativas com relação aos atributos físicos avaliados. Para as profundidades avaliadas só ocorreram diferenças significativas entre as profundidades de 0,0 - 0,05 e a de 0,15 a 0,20 m para os parâmetros Ds e VTP. PC, SD, PT e CN apresentaram valores médios de volumes de MA próximos ou superiores daquele considerado ideal (0,33 dm-3dm-3). Apenas no CN não ocorreu valores maiores que 2 MPa. No CN, PC, e SD não ocorreram limitações ao desenvolvimento das culturas até a profundidade de 0,08 m. O Is calculado para os atributos CC e Kθ nos sistemas PC e PT demonstraram o efeito prejudicial desses sistemas de manejo sobre a estrutura do solo, quando comparados ao SD.
Desenvolvimento morfológico das gramas Esmeralda, São Carlos e Tifton 419
Authors: Kojoroski-Silva Cleusa Maria , Scheffer-Basso Simone Meredith , Carneiro Cerci Maria , Guarienti Maurício
Published: October 2011

Avaliou-se o desenvolvimento morfológico das gramas São Carlos (Axonopus affinis), Tifton 419 (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis) e Esmeralda (Zoysia sp.), cultivadas em casa de vegetação e colhidas integralmente aos 97, 118, 146, 174, 202, 230 e 258 dias de idade. A Tifton 419 mostrou os maiores comprimentos de estolão (83,3 cm), altura de planta (23,6 cm) e número de folhas (12-24 cm-1 de estolão); as folhas mediram 6,7 cm x 1,9 mm (textura fina). Os estolões da São Carlos atingiram em média 58,3 cm e foram os mais espessos (2,5 cm), com 2-4 folhas cm de estolão-1; as folhas mediram 10,9 cm x 12,3 mm (textura grossa) e a altura máxima da planta foi de 13 cm. A Esmeralda foi inferior quanto à altura (10 cm), comprimento de estolão (45 cm) e número de folhas (7 folhas cm de estolão-1); as folhas mediram 6,2 cm x 3,7 mm (textura média). O acúmulo de matéria seca da parte aérea (mg planta-1) atingiu 12.100 (São Carlos), 8.700 (Tifton 419) e 3.500 (Esmeralda) e a relação raiz:parte aérea foi de 0,33; 0,15 e 0,19, respectivamente. As distintas características morfológicas das gramas podem subsidiar sua escolha para diferentes propósitos.
Produção de abobrinha em função da idade das mudas
Authors: Salata Ariane da Cunha , Higuti Andréa Reiko Oliveira , Godoy Amanda Regina , Magro Felipe Oliveira , Cardoso Antonio Ismael Inácio
Published: October 2011

A idade do transplante de mudas é um fator de grande importância, pois pode afetar a qualidade e a produtividade das plantas, se o volume da célula da bandeja não for ideal ao tempo de permanência da muda. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da idade das mudas na produção de abobrinha ´Sandy'. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco idades de transplante das mudas (36, 32, 28, 24 e 20 dias após a semeadura). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. As semeaduras foram realizadas a cada quatro dias, em bandejas de poliestireno de 128 células, com o objetivo de transplantar muda com diferentes idades, na mesma data (17/08/2007). Foram avaliados, no dia do transplante, o número de folhas na muda, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea das mudas e, após o transplante, a produção total de frutos por planta (número e massa) e a produção de frutos comerciais por planta (número e massa). As mudas transplantadas com 32 dias após a semeadura apresentaram maior número de folhas e massa fresca da parte aérea, porém, a maior produção de frutos por planta é obtida com mudas transplantadas aos 27 dias após semeadura, o que corresponde às mudas com 3,2 folhas.
Silício como indutor de resistência no controle do tripes do prateamento Enneothrips flavens Moulton, 1941 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) e seus reflexos na produtividade do amendoinzeiro
Authors: Dalastra Cleiton , Campos Alcebiades Ribeiro , Fernandes Francisco Maximino , Martins Gustavo Luís Mamoré , Campos Zeneide Ribeiro
Published: October 2011

O tripes do prateamento, Enneothrips flavens Moulton, 1941, é considerado a principal praga do amendoim no Brasil, por sua ocorrência generalizada, pelos elevados níveis populacionais e pelos danos causados a cultura. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito do silício sobre a população de E. flavens e sobre a produtividade do amendoinzeiro. Avaliaram-se, semanalmente, 10 folíolos abertos ou semi-abertos no terço superior das plantas do cultivar IAC 886, por parcela. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por: uma aplicação foliar de silício realizada aos 20 dias após a emergência, duas aplicações foliares de silício realizadas aos 20 e 55 dias, e o controle. Uma aplicação de silício proporcionou proteção às plantas de amendoim, reduzindo o número de adultos e ninfas do tripes de E. flavens e aumentou a produtividade da cultura em 31,30% de amendoim em casca e 28,85% em grãos.
Avaliação da resposta hematológica dos animais tratados com Typha domingensis Pers e Operculina hamiltonii sobre nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos
Authors: Silva Carpejane Ferreira da , Lôbo Katiuscia Menezes da Silva , Athayde Ana Célia Rodrigues , Silva Wilson Wolflan da , Lima Edinaldo Queiroga de , Pequeno Nebson Fernandes
Published: October 2011

Este estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar a resposta hematológica dos animais submetidos aos tratamentos com Typha domingensis Pers (taboa) e Operculina hamiltonii (batata-de-purga), in natura, no controle das helmintoses gastrintestinais de caprinos naturalmente infectados. Foram utilizados 30 caprinos da raça moxotó. O rizoma da taboa e a raiz batata-de-purga foram usados para realização da fitoquímica. Os animais foram distribuídos em cinco tratamentos, com o grupo I tratados com moxidectina 0,2% em dose única de 0,5 mg/Kg; grupo II com taboa na dose 10 g/20 Kg peso vivo; grupo III com batata-de-purga na dose de (09 g/20 Kg); grupo IV com taboa (10 g/20 Kg) associada a batata-de-purga (09 g/20 Kg), durante três dias consecutivos e o grupo V foi o grupo controle. As fezes foram coletadas nos dias zero, sete e 25 para realização dos OPGs e para os exames hematológicos foram coletados sangue aos sete, 14 e 28 dias pós-tratamento, sendo avaliados hematócrito, hemoglobina, VGM e CHGM. Os valores do VGM, eritrócitos, hematócrito e hemogoblina ficaram dentro da normalidade para caprinos. Os tratamentos não afetaram os valores de VGM e CHGM. Quanto aos eritrócitos, hematócrito e hemogoblina houve interação entre período de coletas. Com a metodologia utilizada, o fornecimento de T. domingensis e O. hamiltonii não interferiu na resposta hematológica dos animais tratados.
Challenges in proteome analyses of tropical plants
Authors: Balbuena Tiago S. , Dias Leonardo L. C. , Martins Mariana L. B. , Chiquieri Tatiana B. , Santa-Catarina Claudete , Floh Eny I. S. , Silveira Vanildo
Published: October 2011

Genome sequencing of various organisms allow global analysis of gene expression, providing numerous clues on the biological function and involvement in the biological processes studied. Proteomics is a branch of molecular biology and biotechnology that has undergone considerable development in the post-genomic era. Despite the recent significant advancements in proteomics techniques, still there is much to be improved. Due to peculiarities to the plant kingdom, proteomics approaches require adaptations, so as to improve efficiency and accuracy of results in plants. Data generated by proteomics can substantially contribute to the understanding and monitoring of plant physiological events and development of biotechnological strategies. Especially for tropical species, challenges are even greater, in the light of the abundance of secondary metabolites, as well as of the lack of complete genome sequences. This review discusses current topics in proteomics concerning challenges and perspectives, with emphasis on the proteomics of tropical plant species.
Flowering and vegetative growth of olive tree submitted to pruning and paclobutrazol application
Authors: Cruz Maria C. M. , Oliveira Adelson F. , Oliveira Dili L. , V. Neto João
Published: October 2011

This work focuses on the evaluation of flowering and vegetative growth of olive tree submitted to pruning and paclobutrazol application under field conditions with low temperatures during the winter. Two-years-old olive plant variety Grappolo 575, were submitted to light pruning, removing apical dominance, before treatments application. The treatments were organized in a 4×2 factorial scheme, respective to four PBZ concentrations tested: 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg L-1 of PBZ and two plants groups, with and without pruning, in randomized block with four replications. Paclobutrazol concentrations tested did not affect the olive tree flowering. The plant vegetative growth was reduced until 60 days after paclobutrazol application. Pruning resulted in stimulation of emission of vegetative shoots and reduction of flowering.
From metamorphosis to maturity in complex life cycles: equal performance of different juvenile life history pathways
Authors: Schmidt Benedikt R. , Hödl Walter , Schaub Michael
Published: October 2011

Performance in one stage of a complex life cycle may affect performance in the subsequent stage. Animals that start a new stage at a smaller size than conspecifics may either always remain smaller or they may be able to “catch up” through plasticity, usually elevated growth rates. We study how size at and date of metamorphosis affected subsequent performance in the terrestrial juvenile stage and lifetime fitness of spadefoot toads (Pelobates fuscus). We analyzed capture–recapture data of >3000 individuals sampled during nine years with mark–recapture models to estimate first‐year juvenile survival probabilities and age‐specific first‐time breeding probabilities of toads, followed by model selection to assess whether these probabilities were correlated with size at and date of metamorphosis. Males attained maturity after two years, whereas females reached maturity 2–4 years after metamorphosis. Age at maturity was weakly correlated with metamorphic traits. In both sexes, first‐year juvenile survival depended positively on date of metamorphosis and, in males, also negatively on size at metamorphosis. In males, toads that metamorphosed early at a small size had the highest probability to reach maturity. However, because very few toadlets metamorphosed early, the vast majority of male metamorphs had a very similar probability to reach maturity. A matrix projection model constructed for females showed that different juvenile life history pathways resulted in similar lifetime fitness. We found that the effects of date of and size at metamorphosis on different juvenile traits cancelled each other out such that toads that were small or large at metamorphosis had equal performance. Because the costs and benefits of juvenile life history pathways may also depend on population fluctuations, ample phenotypic variation in life history traits may be maintained.
Student Pursuers: An Investigation of Pursuit and Stalking in the Student–Faculty Relationship
Authors: Winkleman Ashley , Winstead Barbara A.
Published: October 2011

Data from faculty and students provide information on the prevalence of unwanted pursuit and stalking in the student–faculty relationship. Among faculty, 67.8% reported unwanted pursuit. For the most serious case, 6%–11% met criteria for stalking. Among students, 4.1% reported engaging in unwanted pursuit of faculty. Both faculty and students perceived anger (especially for male students) to be the motive for student unwanted pursuit/stalking, with some endorsement of romantic interest and concern about the role of mental illness. Sex differences suggest female faculty members are more often a target of unwanted pursuit or stalking and more likely to experience fear.
Examining Verbal and Physical Retaliation Against Kinship Insults
Authors: Fitzgerald Carey J. , Ketterer Holly L.
Published: October 2011

This study examined how different types of insults—social status insults and reproductive status insults—toward one’s family and friends influenced the likelihood of verbal and physical retaliation. Participants were given a questionnaire containing scenarios in which a hypothetical person insulted each participant’s sibling, cousin, or friend. Participants indicated they were significantly less likely to verbally retaliate when a cousin was insulted than when a sibling or friend was insulted. Men were more likely to physically retaliate toward male insulters. Women were more likely to physically retaliate toward female insulters. Women were more likely to verbally retaliate than men, but only when the insulter was female. Both men and women were more likely to retaliate when a woman was insulted.
Attitudes Affecting Physical Dating Violence Perpetration and Victimization: Findings From Adolescents in a High-Risk Urban Community
Authors: Ali Bina , Swahn Monica , Hamburger Merle
Published: October 2011

This study examines the associations between attitudes supporting physical dating violence against boys hitting girls and girls hitting boys and experiences with physical dating violence perpetration and victimization among youth in a high-risk community. Cross-sectional logistic regression analyses are based on data from the Youth Violence Survey, conducted in 2004, and administered to more than 80% of public school students in grades 7, 9, 11, and 12 (N= 4,131) in an urban school district. Findings show that attitudes supporting physical dating violence against boys and girls are significantly associated with physical dating violence perpetration and victimization. Prevention programs that seek to reduce physical dating violence among adolescents may benefit from including sex-specific attitude modification as part of a comprehensive violence prevention approach.
Voices Along the Journey: Midwives’ Perceptions of Implementing the CenteringPregnancy Model of Prenatal Care
Authors: Baldwin Karen , Phillips Gail
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this study was to describe the reported perceptions of six midwife participants at different stages of their engagement in a multiphase process of adopting a new model of prenatal care. Midwives were interviewed at five different stages during the process of implementing CenteringPregnancy, a model of group prenatal care. The research methodology used in this study was phenomenology. The conceptual framework for exploring the participants’ perceptions was based on the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s patient-centered model and on the International Institute for Restorative Practices’ empowerment model. The five themes that emerged from the midwives’ experiences mirrored the stages of change health education model. Suggestions for the implementation and sustainability of the CenteringPregnancy model of care are provided based on the five themes that emerged from this study’s findings.
Trends in low-voltage embedded-RAM technology
Authors: Itoh Kiyoo
Published: October 2011

First, trends in the gate-oxide thickness of MOSFET for DRAM and MPU are discussed to clarify the strong need for low-voltage operation of embedded RAMs. Then, modern peripheral logic circuits for reducing leakage currents and DRAM/SRAM cells to cope with the ever-decreasing signal charges are described. Finally, needs for developments of subthreshold-current reduction circuits for use in active mode, memory-rich SoC architectures, and gain cells and non-volatile cells are emphasized.
OCVD carrier lifetime measurements on an inhomogeneous diode structure
Authors: Benda Vitezslav , Novak Zdenek
Published: October 2011

This paper investigates the problem of evaluating the lifetime of a carrier measured by the OCVD method on structures with a non-uniform carrier lifetime distribution. A simple model of two diodes connected in parallel (lumped charge approximation) has been used for evaluating the measured carrier lifetime. The theoretical analysis was experimentally verified.
Design of High-Power Reverse-Conducting Gate-Commutated Thyristors
Authors: Eun Dong , Chang Li , Sang Cheol , Nam Kyun , Jian Qui , Ji Bin
Published: October 2011

Different structures of Reserve-Conducting Gate-Commutated\break Thyristor (RC-GCT) are considered in this paper. The non-punch-through and punch-through structures were recommended for blocking voltages of 2.5 kV and 4.5 kV, respectively. The photomasks were designed upon the high turn-off capability of GCT and the monolithic integration of GCT and free wheeling diode (FWD). For a large-diameter RC-GCT device with a high turn-off current capacity, FWD and GCT were designed at the center region and the outer part of wafer, respectively. Mixed mode simulation results using the ISE-TCAD simulators give turn-on and turn-off waveforms of the considered structures. A modified isolation structure between GCT and FWD is proposed for RC-GCT.
A novel data writing method in a 1T2C-type ferroelectric memory
Authors: Ishiwara Hiroshi , Yamamoto Shuu'ichirou
Published: October 2011

A concept of a 1T2C-type ferroelectric memory, which has such excellent features as non-volatile data storage, non-destructive data read-out, and long data retention, is ffrst introduced and it is described that in each cell of this memory two ferroelectric capacitors are connected to the gate electrode of a MOSFET. Then, the basic operation of this memory is experimentally demonstrated and a novel data writing method is proposed which has such an advantage that the ferroelectric capacitors with the same area are well polarized, even if the gate capacitance is relatively large. A cell structure suitable for this writing method is also proposed, which has another advantage that the cell array can easily be fabricated. SPICE simulation shows that stable operation of this cell can be expected when the device parameters are optimized.
Some thermodynamic aspects of viscoplasticity of ferromagnetic
Authors: Micunovic Milan
Published: October 2011

The paper deals with viscoplasticity of ferromagnetic materials. Tensor representation is applied to a set of evolution equations comprising the plastic stretching and residual magnetization tensors. Small magneto elastic strains of isotropic insulators are considered in detail in two special cases of finite as well as small plastic strain. A special emphasis is given to piezomagnetism effects in the case of uniaxial cycling strain. Vakulenko's irreversible thermodynamics is applied to irreversible magnetic phenomena by means of a hereditary evolution function. Purely mechanical as well as purely magnetic irreversible phenomena are considered in detail.
A fast forward solution with a boundary element method for eddy current nondestructive testing
Authors: Uhlmann Hermann , Michelsson Olaf
Published: October 2011

Eddy current non-destructive testing is used to determine position and size of cracks or other defects in conducting materials. The presence of a crack normal to the excited eddy currents distorts the magnetic field; so for the identification of defects a very accurate and fast 3D-computation of the magnetic field is necessary. A computation scheme for 3D quasistatic electromagnetic fields by means of the Boundary Element Method is presented. Although the use of constant field approximations on boundary elements is the easiest way, it often provides an insufficient accuracy. This can be overcome by higher order approximation schemes. The numerical results are compared against some analytically solvable arrangements.
A telecommunications development: Analysis and models
Authors: Bogojevic Dragan , Lazovic Slobodan
Published: October 2011

This paper presents one approach of analyzing telecommunications development in developing European countries and Yugoslavia. Global parameter, which represents telecommunications information penetration, is introduced and calculated. Differences in telecommunications among the European countries are analyzed. According to the current development level, one model, potentially adequate for developing European countries and Yugoslavia is given. Proposals for national information infrastructure development in Yugoslavia are described.
The Shannon-Kotelnikov wavelet in weighted spaces
Authors: Rafaelyan Spartak
Published: October 2011

The equivalence between interpolation, uniqueness and basicity in spaces of entire functions is one of the fundamental facts used in investigation of basis sets in weighted spaces of functions. Hilbert spaces of entire functions are naturally mapped onto several weighted Lebesgue spaces without changing the basis properties of a set. This approach makes it possible to use some well known results of the theory of entire functions for investigation of the Schannon-Kotelnikov system in the weighted Lebesgue spaces L2 Qx^ dx).
Time series prediction using a recursive algorithm of a combination of genetic programming and constant optimization
Authors: Panyaworayan Witthaya , Wuetschner Georg
Published: October 2011

In this paper we present a prediction process of Time Series using a combination of Genetic Programming and Constant Optimization. The Genetic Programming will be used to evolve the structure of the prediction function, whereas the Constant Optimization will determine the numerical parameters of the prediction function. The prediction process is applied recursively. In each recursion step, a sub-prediction function is evolved. At the end of the iteration all sub-prediction functions form the final prediction function. The avoiding of a major problem in the prediction called over-fitting is also described in this article.
On pivot rules for simplex method of interior points, and their investigation on Klee-Minty cube
Authors: Tunyan Knarik
Published: October 2011

In [25] it was proposed a parametric linear transformation, which is a
"convex" combination of the Gauss transformation of elimination method and
the Gram-Schmidt transformation of modified orthogonalization process. Using
this transformation, in particular, elimination methods were generalized,
Dantzig's optimality criterion and simplex method were developed [26]. The
essence of the simplex method development is the following. At each sth step
the pivot (positive) vector of length Ks is selected, that allows us to move
to improved feasible solution after the step of the generalized Gauss-Jordan
complete elimination method. In this method the movement to the optimal point
takes place over pseudobases, i.e., over interior points. This method is
parametric and finite. Since the method is parametric there are various
variants to choose the pivot vectors (rules), in the sense of their lengths
and indices. In this article we propose three rules, which are the
development of Dantzig's first rule. These rules are investigated on the
Klee-Minty cube (problem) [14, 31]. It is shown that for two rules the number
of steps necessary equals to 2n, and for third rule we obtain the standard
simplex method with the largest coefficient rule, i.e., the number of steps
for solving this problem is 2n - 1.
The interferometric noise as a performance limiting factor of IM-DD systems
Authors: Stefanovic Mihajlo , Spalevic Petar
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the signal propagation along the fiber, in either absence or presence of the cross talk interference appearing at different places along the fiber, for both dispersive regime cases, is considered. The optical signal that appears at transmitter output has the envelope in super-Gaussian form. The cross talk appears at the transmitter output or along the fiber The pulse shape at the receiver input is determined using Schrodinger equation. The noise sources are the photo detector and resistance in the receiver. The bit error probability of intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) system in the presence of the cross talk, quantum and thermal noise is determined.
Partial discharges in solid insulation cavities: A theoretical analysis and a comparison with experimental results
Authors: Danikas Michael , Papagiotopoulos Dimitrios
Published: October 2011

The deterioration of solid insulating materials is due to a significant extent to partial discharges taking place in enclosed cavities. Based on two known models, the classical capacitance model and Pedersen's model, a comparison is being made between theoretical and experimental values of partial discharges which occur in enclosed cavities. The practical consequences of such a comparison are discussed.
Electromagnetic methods in nondestructive testing of materials
Authors: Gawrylczyk Konstanty
Published: October 2011

The article deals with progress in electromagnetic methods used for quality evaluation of conducting materials. The term "electromagnetic methods" covers the following areas: magneto-inductive methods, magnetic leakage flux probe method, magnetometer principle and eddy-current methods. For the aim of numerical cracks recognition the sensitivity analysis with finite elements was shown.
Functional generator controlled by internet
Authors: Arnaudov Rumen , Dochev Ivo
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a functional generator controlled by Internet. We describe a computer-system architecture, a block diagram of generator and working algorithms. The remote control is realized by computer networks and using the TCP/IP protocols. For that purpose is used "Customer-Server" architecture. The software algorithms is based on Linux operating system Apache web server, MySql database, HTML and PHP languages.
Ridges extraction method for a polynomial frequency modulated signal covered with a zero mean Gaussian noise
Authors: Gordan Cornelia , Reiz Romulus
Published: October 2011

In this paper is presented an original method, developed by the authors, in order to extract the ridges of the polynomial frequency modulated signals covered by a low-pass filtered Gaussian noise, using Short-Time Fourier Gabor and Wigner-Ville time-frequency representations and mathematical morphology elements. In the paper are also presented practical results obtained for generated polynomial modulated chirps.
Measuring device for determination fault location in transmission lines based on stochastic adding a/d conversion
Authors: Santrac Branislav , Vujicic Vladimir
Published: October 2011

This work describes a device, locator of breaks in transmission networks based on the Stochastic Additional A/D converter. An algorithm has been used for detection does the complete analysis of circuits within the break and locates the location of the break BEFORE the protection reacts. The time needed for this is 40-80 ms. The algorithm for calculation requires data about the type of the network, characteristic values of its parameters and values of some harmonics of signals of the voltage and electricity that are measured. They are ON-LINE extracted at every 10 ms. The stochastic additional A/D converter (SAADK) is used for the extraction of these harmonics. Simulations of the work of the device have been done on generated readings of electricity and voltage, and on real images of the break. Special attention has been paid to the analysis of accuracy of the work of the device. A theoretical error is also given in the values realized from simulations.
Power-complementary IIR filter pairs with an adjustable crossover frequency
Authors: Milic Ljiljana , Saramaki Tapio
Published: October 2011

This paper introduces two classes of power-complementary recursive low-pass/high-pass filter pairs with an adjustable crossover frequency in such a way that the stopband attenuation of both filters remains the same. For each class, the filter pair is constructed using two all-pass sub-filters as building blocks. Based on the properties elliptic minimal Q-factors transfer functions, simple expressions are derived for evaluating the coefficients in all-pass sections in order to achieve the desired crossover frequency. The design procedures are developed for synthesizing power-complementary filter pairs implemented as a parallel connection of two all-pass sub-filters and for the tapped cascaded interconnections of two identical all-pass sub-filters. The direct parallel connection has both the power-complementary and all-pass complementary property. The second class of filters constructed using several identical copies of the two all-pass filters possesses the power-complementary property.
Cyclic spectral analysis of OFDM/QAM modulation using stochastic matrix-based method
Authors: Vucic Desimir
Published: October 2011

The cyclostationarity of the OFDM/QAM signals induced by the use of cyclic prefix or pulse shaping is the key to blind synchronization, channel identification and equalization in these systems. Therefore, continuous-time and discrete-time spectral correlation characterization of the pulse shaping OFDM/QAM signals is performed by a matrix-based stochastic method based on Markov chain signal representation. Exact analytical expression for the cyclic spectrum of the continuous-time OFDM/QAM signal is derived applying the proposed method, the characteristic cyclic features according to the cyclic prefix and/or pulse shaping employing are analyzed and some graphed results are presented.
Decimation by non-integer factor in software radio receivers
Authors: Babic Djordje , Renfors Markku
Published: October 2011

The sampling rate conversion is a critical functionality of the software radio receiver. Because the signals of different system standards have incommensurate symbol/sampling rates and a common Analog-to Digital Converter (ADC) is to be used for all supported standards, the decimation factor may become very difficult non-integer number. This paper gives overviews and comparisons of two efficient fractional decimator structures based on Cascaded Integrator-Comb (CIC) filters and low order polynomialbased interpolation filters.
Fractal and multifractal analyses of compressed video sequences
Authors: Reljin Irini , Reljin Branimir
Published: October 2011

The paper considers compressed video streams from the fractal and multifractal (MF) points of view. Video traces in H.263 and MPEG-4 formats generated at the Technical University Berlin and publicly available, were investigated. It was shown that all compressed videos exhibit fractal (long-range dependency) nature and that higher compression ratios provoke more variability of the encoded video stream. This conclusion is approved from the MF spectra of frame size video traces. By analyzing individual frames and their MF spectra the additive nature is approved.
Symbolic signal processing and system analysis
Authors: Lutovac Miroslav , Tosic Dejan
Published: October 2011

We present new software in MATLAB and Mathematica for symbolic signal processing and system analysis. Our mission is to encapsulate high-tech engineering and sophisticated mathematical knowledge into easy-to-use software that effectively solves practical problems.
Optimization model for the design of distributed wastewater treatment networks
Authors: Ibric Nidret , Ahmetovic Elvis , Suljkanovic Midhat
Published: October 2011

In this paper we address the synthesis problem of distributed wastewater
networks using mathematical programming approach based on the superstructure
optimization. We present a generalized superstructure and optimization model
for the design of the distributed wastewater treatment networks. The
superstructure includes splitters, treatment units, mixers, with all feasible
interconnections including water recirculation. Based on the superstructure
the optimization model is presented. The optimization model is given as a
nonlinear programming (NLP) problem where the objective function can be
defined to minimize the total amount of wastewater treated in treatment
operations or to minimize the total treatment costs. The NLP model is
extended to a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem where
binary variables are used for the selection of the wastewater treatment
technologies. The bounds for all flowrates and concentrations in the
wastewater network are specified as general equations. The proposed models
are solved using the global optimization solvers (BARON and LINDOGlobal). The
application of the proposed models is illustrated on the two wastewater
network problems of different complexity. First one is formulated as the NLP
and the second one as the MINLP. For the second one the parametric and
structural optimization is performed at the same time where optimal
flowrates, concentrations as well as optimal technologies for the wastewater
treatment are selected. Using the proposed model both problems are solved to
global optimality.
Family and individual factors of suicidal ideation in adolescents
Authors: Srdanovic-Maras Jelena , Dukic Olja , Markovic Jasminka , Biro Miklos
Published: October 2011

The aim of this study was to better understand the phenomenon of suicidal
behavior of adolescents by establishing relations between characteristics of
a family system and suicidal ideation, as well as determining the influence
of family and individual factors on suicidal ideation in adolescents. The
systemic family therapy was used as the theoretical framework for this
investigation. The study sample included 96 adolescents, aged 14-21 years,
who assessed the functionality of their own families that were in the
adolescent phase of a family life cycle at the time of the study.
Participants were assigned to one of the three groups: the first consisted of
adolescents who had previously attempted suicide, the second of adolescents
who had another psychiatric problem at the time of the study, and the third
was made up of adolescents who had never had psychiatric or psychological
problems. The following instruments were used: Self-report Family Inventory
(SFI), Beck?s Depression Inventory (BDI), Rosenberg?s Self-Esteem Scale, and
Beck?s Suicidal Ideation Scale (SIS). The results suggest that family has a
significant, but indirect influence on suicidal ideation in adolescents.
Suicidal ideation is primarily related to adolescents? individual
characteristics, which are indeed strongly influenced by family
functionality.
High-Resolution and Tandem Mass Spectrometry – the Indispensable Tools of the XXI Century
Authors: Tsybin Yury O. , Fornelli Luca , Kozhinov Anton N. , Vorobyev Aleksey , Miladinovic Sasa M.
Published: October 2011

Mass spectrometry-based qualitative and quantitative (bio)molecular analysis is a corner stone in the state-of-the-art pipelines in systems biology and environmental sciences. High-resolution and efficient tandem mass spectrometry methods and techniques are the essential analytical
capabilities for the in-depth analysis of extremely complex mixtures of (bio)molecules of a very broad dynamic range of concentrations. Here, we briefly review the advantages and limitations of the current mass spectrometry with a focus on resolution, or resolving power, and methods of (bio)molecular
fragmentation in the gas phase. We conclude with an outlook that considers possible avenues for further mass spectrometry-based method and technique development, indispensable for advancing the challenging real-life mass spectrometry applications in the XXI century.
Polymers Interfacing with Biology
Authors: Wurm Frederik , Klok Harm-Anton
Published: October 2011

The development of various controlled radical polymerization techniques as well as site- and residue specific strategies to modify peptides/proteins with synthetic polymers have made polymer chemistry a powerful tool to address materials problems at the biology interface. This article
will present recent examples for bioactive surface modification and polymer therapeutics; it will highlight the use of controlled radical polymerization techniques and bioconjugation strategies to develop surface coatings for regenerative medicine and diagnostics, respectively, polymer-based
nanomedicines.
Bicyclic Peptide Antagonists Derived from Genetically Encoded Combinatorial Libraries
Authors: Heinis Christian
Published: October 2011

Ligands based on bicyclic peptides can combine favourable properties of antibodies (good binding affinity and target specificity) and small molecule ligands (stability, access to chemical synthesis, diffusion properties) and might be suitable molecular structures for the development
of therapeutics. By using a combinatorial methodology based on phage display and a chemical cyclisation reaction, we are generating bicyclic peptide antagonists of protein targets with therapeutic applications in mind.
Dynamics and Mechanisms of Interfacial Photoinduced Electron Transfer Processes of Third Generation Photovoltaics and Photocatalysis
Authors: Bauer Christophe , Banerji Natalie , Wielopolski Mateusz , De Jonghe Jelissa , Ghadiri Elham , Marchioro Arianna , Punzi Angela , Brauer Jan C. , Teuscher Joël , Moser Jacques-E.
Published: October 2011

Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) across molecular/bulk interfaces has gained attention only recently and is still poorly understood. These interfaces offer an excellent case study, pertinent to a variety of photovoltaic systems, photo- and electrochemistry, molecular electronics,
analytical detection, photography, and quantum confinement devices. They play in particular a key role in the emerging fields of third-generation photovoltaic energy converters and artificial photosynthetic systems aimed at the production of solar fuels, creating a need for a better understanding
and theoretical treatment of the dynamics and mechanisms of interfacial PET processes. We aim to achieve a fundamental understanding of these phenomena by designing experiments that can be used to test and alter modern theory and computational modeling. One example illustrating recent investigations
into the details of the ultrafast processes that form the basis for photoinduced charge separation at a molecular/bulk interface relevant to dye-sensitized solar cells is briefly presented here: Kinetics of interfacial PET and charge recombination processes were measured by fs and ns transient
spectroscopy in a heterogeneous donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) system, where D is a RuII(terpyridyl-PO3)(NCS)3 complex, B an oligo-p-phenylene bridge, and A nanocrystalline TiO2. The forward ET reaction was found to be faster than vibrational
relaxation of the vibronic excited state of the donor. Instead, the back ET occurred on the ?s time scale and involved fully thermalized species. The D-A distance dependence of the electron transfer rate was studied by varying the number of p-phenylene units contained in the bridge
moiety. The remarkably low damping factor ? = 0.16 Å?1 observed for the ultrafast charge injection from the dye excited state into the conduction band of TiO2 is attributed to the coupling of electron tunneling with nonequilibrium vibrations redistributed
on the bridge, giving rise to polaronic transport of charges from the donor ligand to the acceptor solid oxide surface.
Beyond Transition State Theory: Accurate Description of Nuclear Quantum Effects on the Rate and Equilibrium Constants of Chemical Reactions Using Feynman Path Integrals
Authors: Vaníček Jiří
Published: October 2011

Nuclear tunneling and other nuclear quantum effects have been shown to play a significant role in molecules as large as enzymes even at physiological temperatures. I discuss how these quantum phenomena can be accounted for rigorously using Feynman path integrals in calculations of the
equilibrium and kinetic isotope effects as well as of the temperature dependence of the rate constant. Because these calculations are extremely computationally demanding, special attention is devoted to increasing the computational efficiency by orders of magnitude by employing efficient path
integral estimators.
Preparation of Translationally Cold Neutral Molecules
Authors: Di Domenicantonio Giulia , Bertsche Benjamin , Osterwalder Andreas
Published: October 2011

Efforts at EPFL to obtain translationally cold neutral molecules are described. Active deceleration of polar molecules is performed by confining the molecules in moving three-dimensional electrostatic traps, and by appropriately choosing the velocity of those traps. Alternatively, cold
molecules can be obtained by velocity filtering. Here, the velocity of the molecules is not changed, but instead the cold molecules are extracted from a thermal sample by using the competition between the electrostatic force and the centrifugal force inside a bent electrostatic guide for polar
molecules.
Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugate – ein neues Zeitalter für die personalisierte Krebsbehandlung beginnt
Authors: Bertholjotti Iwan
Published: October 2011

Nachdem die Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugate T-DM1 und SGN-035 in klinischen Studien ihre Wirk sam keit zur Behandlung von Krebs bewiesen haben, ist der Weg frei für eine vielversprechende neue therapeutische Wirk stoff klasse zur personalisierten Bekämpfung von Krebs.
Welche Hoffnungen erfüllt werden können, muss die Zukunft noch weisen.
Introduction
Authors: Abram Simone , Weszkalnys Gisa
Published: October 2011

Recent anthropological approaches to temporality and spatiality can offer particularly important insights into established planning theories. In this introductory essay, we consider planning as a manifestation of what people think is possible and desirable, and what the future promises for the better. We outline how plans can operate as a particular form of promissory note, and explore how plans may be seen to perform a particular kind of work, laying out diverse kinds of conceptual orders while containing a notion of the state as an unfulfilled idea. The task of the ethnographer is to chart the practices, discourses, technologies, and artifacts produced by planning, as well as the gaps that emerge between planning theory and practice. We consider the changing horizons of expectation and the shifting grounds of government in different phases and forms of neoliberalization that are characteristic of planning in the contemporary world.
Making a river of gold
Authors: Bear Laura
Published: October 2011

This article examines the forms of state planning associated with neoliberalism, through a history and ethnography of the Kolkata Port Trust during liberalization. All state plans are promised futures which create a contested dialogue between bureaucrats and citizens. Neoliberal governance makes these interactions particularly ambiguous and opaque, because it relies on decentralized, speculative planning and the stimulation of public-private partnerships. These produce diverse, behind-the-scenes negotiations whose outcome is entirely different from the schemes initially outlined in textual state promises. It also places low-level bureaucrats in a liminal, Janus-faced role, in which they act both to create and to cross a boundary between public and private action. This new mode of rule is particularly problematic in settings such as the Hooghly River, where informality dominates in labor relationships. Bureaucrats deploy practices previously associated with “corruption” and patronage in order to enfold networks of unprotected labor into the revenue streams and plans of the state.