bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ALOG family members OsG1L1 and OsG1L2 regulate inflorescence branching in rice
Authors: Beretta Veronica M. , Franchini Emanuela , Ud Din Israr , Lacchini Elia , Van den Broeck Lisa , Sozzani Rosangela , Orozco‐Arroyo Gregorio , Caporali Elisabetta , Adam Hélène , Jouannic Stefan , Gregis Veronica , Kater Martin M.
Published: April 2023

The architecture of the rice inflorescence is an important determinant of crop yield. The length of the inflorescence and the number of branches are among the key factors determining the number of spikelets, and thus grains, that a plant will develop. In particular, the timing of the identity transition from indeterminate branch meristem to determinate spikelet meristem governs the complexity of the inflorescence. In this context, the ALOG gene TAWAWA1 (TAW1) has been shown to delay the transition to determinate spikelet development in Oryza sativa (rice). Recently, by combining precise laser microdissection of inflorescence meristems with RNA‐seq, we observed that two ALOG genes, OsG1‐like 1 (OsG1L1) and OsG1L2, have expression profiles similar to that of TAW1. Here, we report that osg1l1 and osg1l2 loss‐of‐function CRISPR mutants have similar phenotypes to the phenotype of the previously published taw1 mutant, suggesting that these genes might act on related pathways during inflorescence development. Transcriptome analysis of the osg1l2 mutant suggested interactions of OsG1L2 with other known inflorescence architecture regulators and the data sets were used for the construction of a gene regulatory network (GRN), proposing interactions among genes potentially involved in controlling inflorescence development in rice. In this GRN, we selected the homeodomain‐leucine zipper transcription factor encoding the gene OsHOX14 for further characterization. The spatiotemporal expression profiling and phenotypical analysis of CRISPR loss‐of‐function mutants of OsHOX14 suggests that the proposed GRN indeed serves as a valuable resource for the identification of new proteins involved in rice inflorescence development.
Proceedings of the 2022 NHLBI and OASH state of the science in transfusion medicine symposium
Authors: Custer Brian , Bloch Evan M. , Bryant Barbara J. , D'Alessandro Angelo , Delaney Meghan , Goel Ruchika , Hod Eldad A. , Josephson Cassandra D. , Katz Louis M. , Miller Yvette M. , Sayers Merlyn H. , Seheult Jansen N. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Berger James , Zou Shimian , Hailu Benyam , Glynn Simone A. , Roubinian Nareg H.
Published: April 2023

Background

State of the Science (SoS) meetings are used to define and highlight important unanswered scientific questions. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health (OASH), Department of Health and Human Services held a virtual SoS in transfusion medicine (TM) symposium.

Study Design and Methods

In advance of the symposium, six multidisciplinary working groups (WG) convened to define research priorities in the areas of: blood donors and the supply, optimizing transfusion outcomes for recipients, emerging infections, mechanistic aspects of components and transfusion, new computational methods in transfusion science, and impact of health disparities on donors and recipients. The overall objective was to identify key basic, translational, and clinical research questions that will help to increase and diversify the volunteer donor pool, ensure safe and effective transfusion strategies for recipients, and identify which blood products from which donors best meet the clinical needs of specific recipient populations.

Results

On August 29–30, 2022, over 400 researchers, clinicians, industry experts, government officials, community members, and patient advocates discussed the research priorities presented by each WG. Dialogue focused on the five highest priority research areas identified by each WG and included the rationale, proposed methodological approaches, feasibility, and barriers for success.

Discussion

This report summarizes the key ideas and research priorities identified during the NHLBI/OASH SoS in TM symposium. The report highlights major gaps in our current knowledge and provides a road map for TM research.
Clinical efficacy of recombinant canine interferon‐gamma therapy in dogs with cutaneous epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Hoshino Tomoya , Murayama Nobuo , Yamagishi Kentaro , Okado Yoshitoshi , Iwai Haruaki , Shirai Ken , Hosaka Soshi , Moore Peter F. , Nagata Masahiko
Published: April 2023

Background

The antitumour effects of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) in humans with cutaneous epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma (CETCL) have been described; however, the efficacy of IFN‐γ in dogs has not been investigated.

Hypothesis/Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant canine IFN‐γ (rCaIFN‐γ) therapy in dogs with CETCL.

Animals

Twenty dogs with CETCL recruited from seven veterinary clinics were enrolled in the study.

Materials and Methods

Fifteen dogs were treated with rCaIFN‐γ, and five control dogs were treated with prednisolone. We evaluated survival time, skin lesions (erythema, nodules, ulcers and bleeding), pruritus and general condition (sleep, appetite and body weight). In the rCaIFN‐γ group, a questionnaire regarding the therapy was administered to owners after the dogs died.

Results

No significant differences existed in the median survival time between the rCaIFN‐γ and control groups (log‐rank test:p = 0.2761, Wilcoxon's rank sum test: p = 0.4444). However, there were significant differences in ulcer, bleeding, pruritus, sleep, appetite and body weight between the groups (Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U‐test:p = 0.0023,p = 0.0058,p = 0.0005,p = 0.0191,p = 0.0306 andp = 0.0306, respectively). Two (40%) of five dogs were euthanised in the control group, compared with none in the rCaIFN‐γ group. Fourteen questionnaires were collected, and owners reported that they were satisfied with the rCaIFN‐γ treatment.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Although the median survival time was not prolonged, rCaIFN‐γ could be helpful in maintaining good quality of life for dogs with CETCL.
A repeatable CT protocol for quantifying caudal vena cava growth in medium and large breed dogs
Authors: Reeves Hannah C , Ryan Stewart D , Firestone Simon M , Milne Marjorie
Published: April 2023

Developmental malformations can cause stunted or abnormal growth and clinical disease in dogs. In humans, measurements of the inferior vena cava are used as methods for detecting abnormal growth trajectories. The objectives of this retrospective, multicenter, analytical, cross‐sectional study were to develop a repeatable protocol to measure the caudal vena cava (CVC) and generate growth curves in medium and large‐breed dogs during development. Contrast‐enhanced CT DICOM images from 438 normal dogs, aged from 1 to 18 months, from five specific breeds were included. A “best guess” measurement protocol was created. Dogs were stratified into medium or large breed groups based on growth rate trajectories. Linear regression models and logarithmic trend lines were used to evaluate the CVC growth over time. The CVC measurements were analyzed from four anatomical regions: thorax, diaphragm, intra‐hepatic, and renal. The thoracic segment produced the most repeatable measurements with the highest explanatory power. The CVC thoracic circumference ranged from 2.5 to 4.9 cm from 1 to 18 months of age. Medium and large breeds had similar CVC growth trajectories, with comparable estimated marginal means, however medium dogs reached 80% of predicted final CVC size approximately 4 weeks earlier than large breed dogs. This new protocol provides a standardized technique for evaluation of the CVC circumference over time using contrast‐enhanced CT and is most repeatable when taken at the thoracic level. This approach could be adapted for other vessels to predict their growth trajectories, generating healthy reference population data for comparison against patients with vascular anomalies.
“THE GOD WITH CLAY”: THE IDEA OF DEEP INCARNATION AND THE INFORMATIONAL UNIVERSE
Authors: Gregersen Niels Henrik
Published: April 2023

This article explores the relations between the idea of deep incarnation and scientific ideas of an informational universe, in which mass, energy, and information belong together. It is argued that the cosmic Christologies developed in the vein of Cappadocian theology (fourth century) and the Franciscan theologian Bonaventure (thirteenth century) can be interpreted as precursors of an informational worldview by consistently blending “formative” and “material” aspects of creativity. Reversely, contemporary sciences of information can enlarge the scope of the contemporary view of deep incarnation. I propose three hypotheses for showing how and why. First, mass, energy, and information have an equal causal importance for explaining reality. Second, just as transformation presupposes communication, so communication presupposes information. Third, contemporary science can elucidate seminal concerns of the idea of deep incarnation, insofar as informational structures pave the way for information capture, communication, and transformation. At the level of organismic life, new features of embodied cognition and emotion come up, important for understanding the organismic depth of the concrete incarnation in Jesus of Nazareth.
Oil Seep Detection Using Microwave Remote Sensing at Espírito Santo Basin, Eastern Brazil
Authors: Espirito Santo Lucas Dos Anjos Correa do , Salomão Marcelo Dos Santos , Pedroso Enrico Campos , Appi Ciro Jorge
Published: April 2023

Hydrocarbon seepage phenomena can be found in most petroleum provinces located in both coastal and ocean regions. The present work aims to identify, map and quantify oil seep candidates in the maritime portion of the Espírito Santo Sedimentary Basin using Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery from Radarsat-2 and Sentinel-1. The selection of the SAR images was made based on their basin coverage area. Meteorological and oceanographic data, when available, were used to assist interpretation. Later, the presence of structures that may enable fluids to escape (faults, fractures, salt domes, etc.) was verified in 101 seismic lines. After detailed analysis, the obtained data were gathered, aiming to classify the oil seep candidates found according to their probability of happening. There were 3 parameters, subdivided into criteria, used in the ranking score: SAR (distance of vessels, number nearby possible seeps and feature size), Geological (morphotectonic domains) and Seismic (distance from seismic lines, presence of structures and distance from structure). Each criterion received grades ranging from 0.1 to 1.0. The final score is given by the arithmetic mean of the parameters. This allowed the seep candidates to be organized in a ranking. The methodology was successful in identifying 54 promising features in the Espírito Santo basin and northern Campos basin. Half of the seep candidates found, 27 features, obtained a grade higher than 0.7, which strengthens the idea of being oil seeps. As an outcome a map was made in 1:3,500,000 scale with the location of all oil seep candidates mapped in this petroleum province.
An unexpected finding of a new species of the genus Charadriineopicobia (Acariformes, Syringophilidae) parasitizing Hydrobates tethys (Aves, Procellariiformes) from the Galápagos Islands
Authors: Skoracki Maciej , Unsӧld Markus , Sikora Bozena , Hromada Martin
Published: April 2023

A new quill mite species of the family Syringophilidae and subfamily Picobiinae, Charadriineopicobia janegoodallae sp. nov., is described. It was collected from Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel Hydrobates tethys (Bonaparte), a representative of the order Procellariiformes and family Hydrobatidae. Our finding is the first record of the subfamily Picobiinae on procellariform hosts and the first record of quill mites of the family Syringophilidae collected from birds inhabiting the Galápagos Islands. Additionally, an identification key to females of all known species of Charadriineopicobia is presented. Because all other species of the genus Charadriineopicobia were found on phylogenetically distant avian hosts of the order Charadriiformes and families Charadriidae, Scolopacidae, and Laridae, we hypothesize that presence of this new mite species parasitizing H. tethys is a result of the mite switching from charadriiform hosts inhabiting the same ecological niche.
Testing the theoreticians
Authors: Olson Derek R. , Isakson Marcia J.
Published: April 2023

The Reflections series takes a look back on historical articles from The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America that have had a significant impact on the science and practice of acoustics.
Multichannel room response equalization with a broadened control region using a linearly constrained approach and sensor interpolation
Authors: Lin Wei-Ling , Chen You-Siang , Lai Bo-Ru , Bai Mingsian R.
Published: April 2023

This paper describes a room response equalization technique based on an underdetermined multichannel inverse filtering (UMIF) and linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) approach. Not limited to the local control at the neighborhood of the measured control points, the proposed UMIF-LCMV system is capable of widening the effective equalization area of the reproduced sound field, with a large number of interpolated control points. Specifically, a constrained optimization problem is formulated to minimize the matching error at the interpolated control points while seeking precise matching at the measured control points. In practical implementation, only the frequency responses (FRs) associated with a limited number of control points need to be measured, whereas the FRs for the interpolated points are established by using a plane wave decomposition-based sensor interpolation technique. A two-stage procedure is developed to trim down plane wave components by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm and to obtain the complex amplitudes of the principal components. Simulations and objective and subjective experiments are conducted for a system comprising a linear loudspeaker array and a linear microphone array. The results have confirmed the efficacy of the proposed system in widening the effective listening area with only limited discrete measurements.
Analyzing multiple acoustic diffraction over a wide barrier using equivalent knife-edge geometries and Babinet's principle (L)
Authors: Pardo-Quiles Domingo , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Ignacio , Rodríguez José-Víctor , Campo-Valera María , Juan-Llácer Leandro
Published: April 2023

We present a new method for the calculation of the multiple acoustic diffraction caused by the presence of a wide barrier. Our solution decomposes the initial scenario into an equivalent sum of geometries that only consider knife-edges. Then, by applying Babinet's principle, the total acoustic field that reaches the receiving point, which can be located at an arbitrary position, can be calculated via the uniform theory of diffraction. This method is mathematically less complex and computationally more efficient than most existing techniques. The results are validated (with and without ground reflection) by the solid agreement obtained with other solutions that solve the problem by considering the wide barrier as such, with our proposed method yielding a lower computational time (except against semi-empirical formulations) and better accuracy when compared with measurements. The presented solution can be applied in urban environments where the impact of traffic noise on residential buildings located along roads or highways needs to be evaluated, as well as in scenarios in which the insertion loss caused by a rectangular obstacle, such as a noise barrier, is to be calculated.
High-order time lacunarity feature-aided multiple hypotheses tracking for underwater active small targets in high-clutter harbor environment
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Han Yina , Liu Qingyu , Song Jun , Huang Haining
Published: April 2023

Active tracking of underwater small targets is a great challenge with kinematic information alone. This is because the active sonar often encounters multipath propagation and the induced clutter can even mask target echoes. Recently, high-order time lacunarity (HOT-Lac) has shown its ability in effectively highlighting “blob” targets from high clutter harbor environments. Hence, this paper proposes a HOT-Lac aided track scoring mechanism to solve the ambiguity of data association within the framework of Multiple Hypotheses Tracking (MHT). Specifically, the trajectory consistency of potential targets is captured by a momentum accumulation of the HOT Lac feature, which can inherit the historical information for the whole track. Meanwhile, due to the separability of the distribution of target and clutter in the HOT-Lac feature space, the probabilities of the target hypothesis and null hypothesis are modeled by the online computation of the HOT-Lac feature. Finally, the cumulative likelihood ratio based on HOT-Lac is integrated into MHT to score the potential tracks. Experiments in several real-world harbor scenarios demonstrate that the proposed HOT-Lac feature-aided tracker can suppress false tracks accurately and quickly.
Integrating Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Modeling and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Optimize Human Dose Predictions for Plasmodium falciparum Malaria: a Chloroquine Case Study
Authors: Redhi Devasha , Mulubwa Mwila , Gibhard Liezl , Chibale Kelly
Published: April 2023

The translation of a preclinical antimalarial drug development candidate to the clinical phases should be supported by rational human dose selection. A model-informed strategy based on preclinical data, which incorporates pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) properties with physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, is proposed to optimally predict an efficacious human dose and dosage regimen for the treatment of
Plasmodium falciparum
malaria.
Cleave a Septum, Leave a Cell: Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus Secretes a Specialized Lytic Transglycosylase to Clear Prey Cell Septum Obstruction
Authors: Dörr Tobias
Published: April 2023

Predatory microbes like
Bdellovibrio
feed on other bacteria by invading their periplasm, replicating within the bacterial shell that is now a feeding trough, and ultimately lysing the prey and disseminating. A new study by E.
Carbapenem-Resistant Citrobacter freundii and Escherichia coli Harboring a Common IncC-Type Plasmid Encoding IS
26
Upstream of
bla
NDM-1,
sul1
,
aph(3′)-VI
, and
qacE
Isolated from Edible
Mastacembelidae
Fish
Authors: Nakayama Tatsuya , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Minh Doan Tran Nguyen , Hoang Oanh Nguyen , Thi Hien Le , Thanh Phong Ngo , Hoai Phuong Hoang , Jinnai Michio , Do Phuc Nguyen , Van Chinh Dang , Kumeda Yuko , Hase Atsushi
Published: April 2023

Carbapenem-resistant
Citrobacter freundii
CF20-4P-1 and
Escherichia coli
EC20-4B-2 were isolated from edible
Mastacembelidae
in Vietnam. We present the draft genome sequences, and the complete plasmid genome sequencing was also performed by hybrid assembly sequencing of Oxford Nanopore and Illumina. The 137-kbp plasmid encoding the assembled
bla
NDM-1
was detected in both strains.
Secure paediatric pelvic fracture external fixation using an intraoperative support device
Authors: Igei Takahiro , Nakasone Satoshi , Onaga Masamichi , Nishida Kotaro
Published: April 2023

Secure fixation by inserting a half-pin into the iliac crest as a pelvic external fixator is important. However, the thickness of the iliac bone depends on its location and this makes it difficult to insert a half-pin accurately. The iliac crest is especially narrow in the paediatric pelvis, making it difficult to insert the half-pin accurately compared with an adult pelvis. A case of pelvic external fixation is described for a paediatric pelvic fracture in this report, in which preoperative planning for half-pin insertion was performed accurately using a preoperative three-dimensional CT based on an intraoperative support device that uses the functional pelvic plane as a reference.
Shared decision-making for children with medical complexity in community health services: a scoping review
Authors: Jacobs Sonja , Davies Nathan , Butterick Katherine L , Oswell Jane L , Siapka Konstantina , Smith Christina H
Published: April 2023

Background

Children with medical complexity is an increasing population whose parents and healthcare providers face multiple decisions. Shared decision-making is a process where patients, their families and healthcare providers collaborate to make decisions based on clinical evidence and informed preferences of the family. Shared decision-making has benefits for the child, family and healthcare providers, including improved parental understanding of the child’s difficulties, increased participation, improved coping skills and more efficient healthcare use. It is, however, poorly implemented.

Aims and methods

A scoping review was conducted to explore shared decision-making for children with medical complexity in community health services, including how shared decision-making is defined in research, how it is implemented, including barriers and facilitators and recommendations for research. Six databases were systematically searched for papers published in English up to May 2022: Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and sources of grey literature. The review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews.

Results

Thirty sources met the inclusion criteria. Most factors can either be a facilitator or barrier to shared decision-making depending on the context. Two significant barriers to shared decision-making in this population include uncertainty about the child’s diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options and the presence of hierarchy and power imbalance during clinical encounters with healthcare providers. Further influencing factors include continuity of care, the availability of accurate, accessible, adequate, and balanced information and the interpersonal and communication skills of parents and healthcare providers.

Conclusion

Uncertainty about diagnosis, prognosis and treatment outcomes for children with medical complexity are additional challenges to the known barriers and facilitators to shared decision-making in community health services. Effective implementation of shared decision-making requires advancement of the evidence base for children with medical complexity, reducing power imbalance in clinical encounters, improving continuity of care, and improving the availability and accessibility of information resources.
Mutations inVWA8cause autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa via aberrant mitophagy activation
Authors: Kong Linghui , Chu Guoming , Ma Wei , Liang Jiajian , Liu Dan , Liu Qiushi , Wei Xiaowei , Jia Shanshan , Gu Hui , He Yiwen , Luo Wenting , Cao Songying , Zhou Xiaomeng , He Rong , Yuan Zhengwei
Published: April 2023

Background

Although retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common type of hereditary retinal dystrophy, approximately 25%–45% of cases remain without a molecular diagnosis. von Willebrand factor A domain containing 8 (VWA8) encodes a mitochondrial matrix-targeted protein; its molecular function and pathogenic mechanism in RP remain unexplained.

Methods

Family members of patients with RP underwent ophthalmic examinations, and peripheral blood samples were collected for exome sequencing, ophthalmic targeted sequencing panel and Sanger sequencing. The importance ofVWA8in retinal development was demonstrated by a zebrafish knockdown model and cellular and molecular analysis.

Results

This study recruited a Chinese family of 24 individuals with autosomal-dominant RP and conducted detailed ophthalmic examinations. Exome sequencing analysis of six patients revealed heterozygous variants inVWA8, namely, the missense variant c.3070G>A (p.Gly1024Arg) and nonsense c.4558C>T (p.Arg1520Ter). Furthermore,VWA8expression was significantly decreased both at the mRNA and protein levels. The phenotypes of zebrafish withVWA8knockdown are similar to those of clinical individuals harbouringVWA8variants. Moreover,VWA8defects led to severe mitochondrial damage, resulting in excessive mitophagy and the activation of apoptosis.

Conclusions

VWA8plays a significant role in retinal development and visual function. This finding may provide new insights into RP pathogenesis and potential genes for molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy.
Capacity of piles subject to downdrag: a comparison of North American bridge design codes and observations from a full-scale test pile program
Authors: Bartz James R. , Blatz James A.
Published: April 2023

Negative skin friction caused by ground settlement is an important consideration for deep foundations in limit states design. However, there are inconsistencies in the methodology whereby negative skin friction and associated drag force are considered in assessing the geotechnical capacity or geotechnical ultimate limit state (ULS) in various design codes. This includes two current North American bridge design codes, the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, and AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. A test pile program was developed to observe effects of ground settlement on pile settlement, capacity, and drag force. Two instrumented steel H-piles were driven through a compressible clay layer to a hard end-bearing stratum, subjected to ground settlement by constructing a 1.5 m high embankment, followed by static load testing. A load-transfer model was calibrated from the test pile program observations. Test results and the calibrated model were used to compare geotechnical ULS requirements of the two bridge design codes. It is demonstrated that drag force did not detrimentally impact pile capacity. The results showed that for conditions of the test pile program, assessing the geotechnical ULS can be more conservative when adhering to the current AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications than the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code.
Learning to Simulate Sequentially Generated Data via Neural Networks and Wasserstein Training
Authors: Zhu Tingyu , Liu Haoyu , Zheng Zeyu
Published: April 2023

We propose a new framework of a neural network-assisted sequential structured simulator to model, estimate, and simulate a wide class of sequentially generated data. Neural networks are integrated into the sequentially structured simulators in order to capture potential nonlinear and complicated sequential structures. Given representative real data, the neural network parameters in the simulator are estimated and calibrated through a Wasserstein training process, without restrictive distributional assumptions. The target of Wasserstein training is to enforce the joint distribution of the simulated data to match the joint distribution of the real data in terms of Wasserstein distance. Moreover, the neural network-assisted sequential structured simulator can flexibly incorporate various kinds of elementary randomness and generate distributions with certain properties such as heavy-tail, without the need to redesign the estimation and training procedures. Further, regarding statistical properties, we provide results on consistency and convergence rate for the estimation procedure of the proposed simulator, which are the first set of results that allow the training data samples to be correlated. We then present numerical experiments with synthetic and real data sets to illustrate the performance of the proposed simulator and estimation procedure.
A Vulnerability Assessment Framework for Privacy-preserving Record Linkage
Authors: Vidanage Anushka , Christen Peter , Ranbaduge Thilina , Schnell Rainer
Published: April 2023

The linkage of records to identify common entities across multiple data sources has gained increasing interest over the last few decades. In the absence of unique entity identifiers, quasi-identifying attributes such as personal names and addresses are generally used to link records. Due to privacy concerns that arise when such sensitive information is used, privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL) methods have been proposed to link records without revealing any sensitive or confidential information about these records. Popular PPRL methods such as Bloom filter encoding, however, are known to be susceptible to various privacy attacks. Therefore, a systematic analysis of the privacy risks associated with sensitive databases as well as PPRL methods used in linkage projects is of great importance. In this article we present a novel framework to assess the vulnerabilities of sensitive databases and existing PPRL encoding methods. We discuss five types of vulnerabilities: frequency, length, co-occurrence, similarity, and similarity neighborhood, of both plaintext and encoded values that an adversary can exploit in order to reidentify sensitive plaintext values from encoded data. In an experimental evaluation we assess the vulnerabilities of two databases using five existing PPRL encoding methods. This evaluation shows that our proposed framework can be used in real-world linkage applications to assess the vulnerabilities associated with sensitive databases to be linked, as well as with PPRL encoding methods.
Learning the Explainable Semantic Relations via Unified Graph Topic-Disentangled Neural Networks
Authors: Wu Likang , Zhao Hongke , Li Zhi , Huang Zhenya , Liu Qi , Chen Enhong
Published: April 2023

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) such as Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) can effectively learn node representations via aggregating neighbors based on the relation graph. However, despite a few exceptions, most of the previous work in this line does not consider the topical semantics underlying the edges, making the node representations less effective and the learned relation between nodes hard to explain. For instance, the current GNNs make us usually don’t know what is the reason for the connection of network nodes, such as the specific research topics cited in this article and the concerns among friends on social platforms. Some methods have begun to explore the extraction of relation semantics in recent related literature, but existing studies generally face two bottlenecks, i.e., either being unable to explain the mined latent relations to ensure their reasonableness and independence, or demanding the textual content of edges which is unavailable in most real-world datasets. Actually, these two issues are both crucial in practical use. In our work, we propose a novel Topic-Disentangled Graph Neural Network (TDG) to address the above two issues at the same time, which explores the relation topics from the perspective of node contents. We design an optimized graph topic module to handle node features to construct independent and explainable semantic subspaces, then the reasonable relation topics that correspond to these subspaces are assigned to each graph relation via a neighborhood routing mechanism. Our proposed model can be easily combined with related graph tasks to form an end-to-end model, to avoid the risk of deviation between node representation space and task space. To evaluate the efficiency of our model, sufficient node-related tasks are conducted on three public datasets in the experimental section. The results show the obvious superiority of TDG compared with the state-of-the-art models.
Greedy Spanners in Euclidean Spaces Admit Sublinear Separators
Authors: Le Hung , Than Cuong
Published: April 2023

The greedy spanner in a low-dimensional Euclidean space is a fundamental geometric construction that has been extensively studied over three decades, as it possesses the two most basic properties of a good spanner: constant maximum degree and constant lightness. Recently, Eppstein and Khodabandeh [
28
] showed that the greedy spanner in

\(\mathbb {R}^2\)

admits a sublinear separator in a strong sense: Any subgraph of
k
vertices of the greedy spanner in

\(\mathbb {R}^2\)

has a separator of size

\(O(\sqrt {k})\)

. Their technique is inherently planar and is not extensible to higher dimensions. They left showing the existence of a small separator for the greedy spanner in

\(\mathbb {R}^d\)

for any constant
d
≥ 3 as an open problem.

In this article, we resolve the problem of Eppstein and Khodabandeh [
28
] by showing that any subgraph of
k
vertices of the greedy spanner in

\(\mathbb {R}^d\)

has a separator of size

\(O(k^{1-1/d})\)

. We introduce a new technique that gives a simple criterion for any geometric graph to have a sublinear separator that we dub
τ-lanky
: A geometric graph is τ-lanky if any ball of radius
r
cuts at most τ edges of length at least
r
in the graph. We show that any τ-lanky geometric graph of
n
vertices in

\(\mathbb {R}^d\)

has a separator of size

\(O(\tau n^{1-1/d})\)

. We then derive our main result by showing that the greedy spanner is
O
(1)-lanky. We indeed obtain a more general result that applies to unit ball graphs and point sets of low fractal dimensions in

\(\mathbb {R}^d\)

.

Our technique naturally extends to doubling metrics. We use the τ-lanky criterion to show that there exists a (1+ε)-spanner for doubling metrics of dimension
d
with a constant maximum degree and a separator of size

\(O(n^{1-\frac{1}{d}})\)

; this result resolves an open problem posed by Abam and Har-Peled [
1
] a decade ago. We then introduce another simple criterion for a graph in doubling metrics of dimension
d
to have a sublinear separator. We use the new criterion to show that the greedy spanner of an
n
-point metric space of doubling dimension
d
has a separator of size

\(O((n^{1-\frac{1}{d}}) + \log \Delta)\)

where Δ is the spread of the metric; the factor log (Δ) is tightly connected to the fact that, unlike its Euclidean counterpart, the greedy spanner in doubling metrics has
unbounded maximum degree
. Finally, we discuss algorithmic implications of our results.
The Origin of Capacity Degradation and Regulation Strategy in Aqueous Zn-MnO2 Battery with Manganese Acetate
Authors: Liu Shuang , Chen Wenyong , Kong Fantai , Tong Wenbin , Chen Yili , Chen Shuanghong
Published: April 2023

MnO2-based rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted wide attention as the next-generation large-scale, safe energy storage technology. However, the capacity decay process of Zn-MnO2 batteries remains poorly understood because of the complicated reaction mechanism, which may lead to incorrect interpretations and methods to improve the cycle stability. In this study, the capacity decay mechanism was demonstrated for Zn-MnO2 batteries with manganese acetate as an electrolyte additive. It is found that zinc hydroxide sulfate has a beneficial effect on the battery capacity, but the product ZnMn3O7·2H2O being converted from basic zinc sulfate is an irreversibility inert material and leads to a rapid capacity fading. Notably, with the increased low cutoff voltage (1.0 to 1.35 V), it exhibited a high capacity of 231 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1 and an excellent stability of 90.11% retention after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g−1. Our results of the reaction mechanism and the strategy provide a new perspective for the development of fundamental science and applications for Zn-MnO2 battery.
Electrodeposited Heterostructures of Cobalt Sulfide/Molybdenum Sulfide Trigger both Acidic and Alkaline HER
Authors: Kendall Lee , Lin Qiyuan , Zangari Giovanni , McDonnell Stephen
Published: April 2023

MoS2 has attracted significant attention as a non-platinum group electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). There have been extensive efforts demonstrating that by doping MoS2 with various transition metals, such as Co, the HER activity of the catalyst is enhanced. In particular, this work has shown that various cobalt sulfide phases can act as a co-catalyst with MoS2. Here, we report on the electrodeposition of a c-CoSx/MoS2 heterostructure catalyst for the HER reaction in both acidic and alkaline conditions. Using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, it is demonstrated that depending on the precursor concentrations, various morphologies, grain size, and c-CoSx phases can be achieved, all of which have an impact on the activity and stability of the c-CoSx/MoS2 catalysts. The most promising catalyst composition demonstrated excellent stability in both acidic and alkaline conditions with low overpotentials to reach 10 mA cm−2 of 112 mV and 60 mV and with Tafel slopes of 113 mV dec−1 and 81 mV dec−1, respectively. This report demonstrates that the c-CoSx/MoS2 heterostructure is one of the most catalytically active materials for HER, especially in alkaline conditions.
Study on Depositional Fabric and Environmental Characteristics of Dendrolites in the Cambrian Zhangxia Formation: An Example from the Houziyu Section of Ezhuang Town, Zibo, Shandong Province, Eastern China
Authors: Wang Xuan , Wang Ruyue , Bai Jianping , Zhang Na , Xing Haoting , Kamoto Michael , He Weiling
Published: April 2023

The dendrolites composed of light gray massive micrite limestone occur at the top of the Cambrian Zhangxia Formation in Houziyu Section, Zibo, Shandong Province. Because it is very difficult to study the genesis of microbial rocks through “the function of diagenesis filter,” this paper analyzes its genetic mechanism by characterizing the sedimentary fabric and formation environment of dendrolites and it is of great significance to study microbial carbonate deposited in geological history in oil exploration. The Cambrian Zhangxia Formation in the Houziyu section is a marine deposit. The macroscopic shrub-like fabric of centimeter scale can be seen on the surface of the tree-shaped stone, with small biological burrows and remnants of calcareous mud components after filling. The microstructure observation shows that the main fabric of the dendrolites is a dark micrite matrix, bright calcite cement, clastic particles, and a calcified cyanobacteria biological community. Detailed supplementary information on the diversity of calcified microorganisms in dendrolites has been made through the study of various types of calcified cyanobacteria and calcified residual substances in the microbial membrane of calcified cyanobacteria in the dendrolites of the study area. It is clear that dendrolites are the product of the calcification of biofilms or microbial mats dominated by cyanobacteria. With the deepening of this kind of research, it is bound to raise the research of microbial carbonate to a new level in China and provide great help to find oil and gas resources in marine strata of microbial origin in China.
Current Disease Threats for Cultivated Crab Eriocheir sinensis in China
Authors: Ding Zhengfeng
Published: April 2023

The Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, is a commercially important crustacean in China due to its great commercial value and compatibility in a variety of aquaculture systems. However, increases in its production have been accompanied by the emergence of various diseases affecting yield, profit, and trading potential. In this study, we review the pathogenic agents associated with E. sinensis since the start of its commercial culture. The history of crab cultivation implies that increased pathogen transfer can occur as E. sinensis aquaculture grows because polyculture of E. sinensis with other aquaculture species is a prevalent practice. With this in mind, a special focus of this review is placed on pathogens that were initially discovered in other crustacean species but have since been demonstrated to infect and cause disease in E. sinensis. We expect that this review will not only offer recommendations for disease management in the E. sinensis aquaculture sector but will also advance other crustacean cultivation.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Brain Structure and Neuroendocrine Changes in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Yang Kai , Zeng Xianxiang , Hu Li , Chen Jinhong , Zhu Weiwei , Wang Yu , Zhao Xiaoxiong
Published: April 2023

This research was aimed to investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of brain structure and neuroendocrine levels in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. 25 hospitalized patients with first-episode schizophrenia were selected as the observation group, while 25 healthy people were selected as the control group. All the objects underwent MRI examination, and the images as well as gray matter density of the original image data were analyzed under voxel-based morphometry (VBM). The cortisol and prolactin in the observation group were detected, and the levels were compared. The Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to analyze the correlation between cortisol and prolactin levels and the total score of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The results showed that the gray matter volume of the precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, superior parietal lobule, and anterior cingulate cortex of the observation group decreased, while the volume of cerebellar gray matter increased. The levels of cortisol and prolactin in the observation group (387.54 ± 117.69 μg/L and 804.16 ± 267.13 μIU/mL, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (138.46 ± 62.47 μg/L and 397.54 ± 203.82 μIU/mL, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The results of the Pearson correlation test showed that the higher the cortisol level, the more severe the schizophrenia (r = 0.421 and

P
=
0.013

), while the prolactin level was not directly related to the severity of schizophrenia (r = 0.019 and

P
=
0.568

). In conclusion, the MRI features based on the VBM technology can accurately assess the changes of gray matter; the levels of cortisol and prolactin in patients with first-episode schizophrenia were significantly higher than those in healthy people; and the higher the cortisol level, the more severe the schizophrenia symptoms. This study provided a certain research basis for MRI features of brain structure and neuroendocrine changes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.
Tables S1 – S6 from Discovery of New Targets to Control Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer by Single-cell Transcriptomics Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Dimitrov-Markov Spas , Perales-Patón Javier , Bockorny Bruno , Dopazo Ana , Muñoz Manuel , Baños Natalia , Bonilla Victoria , Menendez Camino , Duran Yolanda , Huang Ling , Perea Sofia , Muthuswamy Senthil K. , Al-Shahrour Fatima , Lopez-Casas Pedro P. , Hidalgo Manuel
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Tables
Figure S8 from FLYWCH1, a Novel Suppressor of Nuclear β-Catenin, Regulates Migration and Morphology in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Muhammad Belal A. , Almozyan Sheema , Babaei-Jadidi Roya , Onyido Emenike K. , Saadeddin Anas , Kashfi Seyed Hossein , Spencer-Dene Bradley , Ilyas Mohammad , Lourdusamy Anbarasu , Behrens Axel , Nateri Abdolrahman S.
Published: April 2023

S8. FLYWCH1 modulates the wound-closure capacity of metastatic cells and ï�¢-catenin target gene expression in normal TIG119 fibroblast cells
Supplementary Figure 4 from Threonine 2609 Phosphorylation of the DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Is a Critical Prerequisite for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mediated Radiation Resistance
Authors: Javvadi Prashanthi , Makino Haruhiko , Das Amit K. , Lin Yu-Fen , Chen David J. , Chen Benjamin P. , Nirodi Chaitanya S.
Published: April 2023

PDF file - 607K, Effect of EGFR mutation status on DNA-Pkcs phosphorylation. Immuno-fluorescence detection of DNA-PKcs phosphorylation in HBEC cells stably expressing wild type, L858R or gammaE746-E750 forms of EGFR at various time-points following 4 Gy IR. Top panel: Representative images with anti-p-T2609 and anti-p-S2056 DNA-PKcs antibodies showing nuclei (blue) and phosphorylated DNA-PKcs (green). Cropped images shown in Figure 6A.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Autocrine Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via Src Family Kinase-Dependent Yes-Associated Protein Activation
Authors: Kawazoe Tetsuro , Saeki Hiroshi , Oki Eiji , Oda Yoshinao , Maehara Yoshihiko , Mori Masaki , Taniguchi Koji
Published: April 2023

YAP activation by LIF in human ESCC
Supplementary Table 1 from Analysis of Gene Expression Regulated by the ETV5 Transcription Factor in OV90 Ovarian Cancer Cells Identifies FOXM1 Overexpression in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Llauradó Marta , Majem Blanca , Castellví Josep , Cabrera Sílvia , Gil-Moreno Antonio , Reventós Jaume , Ruiz Anna
Published: April 2023

PDF file - 24K, Clinicopathological description of ovarian tumor samples used for microarray analysis
Supplementary Data from The Modulation of MicroRNAs by Type I IFN through the Activation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 in Human Glioma
Authors: Ohno Masasuke , Natsume Atsushi , Kondo Yutaka , Iwamizu Hidetaka , Motomura Kazuya , Toda Hiroshi , Ito Motokazu , Kato Takenori , Wakabayashi Toshihiko
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Data from The Modulation of MicroRNAs by Type I IFN through the Activation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 in Human Glioma
Supplementary Table S7 from Ataxia Telangiectasia-Mutated–Dependent DNA Damage Checkpoint Functions Regulate Gene Expression in Human Fibroblasts
Authors: Zhou Tong , Chou Jeff , Zhou Yingchun , Simpson Dennis A. , Cao Feng , Bushel Pierre R. , Paules Richard S. , Kaufmann William K.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Table S7 from Ataxia Telangiectasia-Mutated–Dependent DNA Damage Checkpoint Functions Regulate Gene Expression in Human Fibroblasts
Data from Cyclosporin A Promotes Tumor Angiogenesis in a Calcineurin-Independent Manner by Increasing Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Zhou Alice Yao , Ryeom Sandra
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The widely used immunosuppressant cyclosporin A, a potent calcineurin inhibitor, significantly increases the incidence of cancer in organ transplant patients. Calcineurin signaling is an important mediator of VEGF signaling in endothelial cells. Negative regulation of calcineurin by its endogenous inhibitor, Down Syndrome Candidate Region-1 (DSCR1), suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis, in contrast to the effect observed after long-term cyclosporin A treatment. Despite the significance of calcineurin signaling in endothelial cells, the consequences of cyclosporin A on tumor angiogenesis have not been investigated. Using an in vivo model of skin carcinogenesis, prolonged treatment with cyclosporin A promoted tumor growth and angiogenesis. The addition of cyclosporin A to endothelial cells in vitro increased proliferation and migration in a calcineurin-independent manner and is associated with increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Co-treatment with antioxidants significantly abrogated cyclosporin A–induced endothelial cell activation. Furthermore, mice treated with antioxidants were protected against cyclosporin A–mediated tumor progression. Taken together, these findings suggest that cyclosporin A affects endothelial cells in a calcineurin-independent manner to potentiate tumor growth by promoting tumor angiogenesis through increasing mitochondrial ROS production. This work identifies a previously undescribed mechanism underlying a significantly adverse off-target effect of cyclosporin A and suggests that co-treatment with antioxidants would inhibit the tumor-promoting effects of cyclosporin A.

Implications: Targeting the proangiogenic effects of cyclosporin A may be useful in the management of transplant-associated cancers. Mol Cancer Res; 12(11); 1663–76. ©2014 AACR.