bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between Populism and Dogma: Álvaro Siza’s Third Way
Authors: Mota Nelson
Published: November 2023

In the early 1980s, Kenneth Frampton presented critical regionalism as an umbrella concept to frame some peripheral architectural practices that became instrumental to illustrate an alternative approach both to the modernist dogma and to post-modernist reactions. The architecture of Álvaro Siza was one of those marginal practices frequently used to illustrate that alternative position.

In this paper I will bring together critical regionalism and its critique to explore the possibility of its role as a mediator between dogmatic applications of the modern canon and populism. Critical regionalism will be discussed within the broader frame of the redefinition of hegemonic relationships, especially postcolonial critique, and the relation centre-periphery. Using Siza’s project for the Malagueira neighbourhood in Évora (Portugal) as support, I will argue that the architect’s approach created a third way between populism and avant-garde, and represents a re-foundation of the avant-garde, where the gap between high culture and the everyday is shortened, through the use of a mediation strategy supported by the architectural project.
If We Are, Indeed, All ‘Embedded’, Then What to Do Next? A Review of BAVO’s Too Active to Act
Authors: Doucet Isabelle
Published: November 2023

This article reviews BAVO’s recent publication, Too Active to Act, Cultureel Activisme na het Einde van de Geschiedenis, which forms a critical analysis of cultural production and activism in The Netherlands. This publication is then used as an occasion to question, in more general terms, the possibility of a form of social engagement that is situated and embedded in the real, that is within the system [rather than processed through theory, ideology or oppositional critique]. It argues that, in order to address this question, one needs not just to question what practice can or should do (in order to guarantee criticality, for example), but one also needs to revise the meaning of being ‘marginal’ once we are within the system, and the role of theory in the ‘anti-theory setting’ described by BAVO.
Introduction
Authors: Hauptmann Deborah , Schrijver Lara
Published: November 2023

Over the past fifteen years most advanced education programmes within Schools of Architecture have been questioning the parameters and requirements of doctoral research both in terms of content and form. This double issue of Footprint was motivated by the question of where the field stands today. Footprint 10|11 presents nine contributions from both recently defended and developing PhD candidates from a variety of institutions. The diversity of their work, as well as the similarities found in the submissions, offers a partial view into research topics currently addressed in PhD programmes within Schools of Architecture. 

In addition to the nine papers by PhD researchers, we have included a paper by Andrew Leach that we believe provides an overview of the general state of contemporary architecture research. Leach makes an appeal to refrain from making all research operational. At a time when the application of research and its economic value seem to form the primary criteria for judging value, this appeal should not be taken lightly.
Bridging: The Spatial Construction of Knowledge in Architectural Research
Authors: Havik Klaske
Published: November 2023

This contribution proposes an interdisciplinary approach to architectural research, and states that composition is a methodological act of research. It will first argue that architectural research and practice can gain from a multi-perspectival approach, bringing in knowledge from different fields – in this case the field of literature.

Referring to the author’s recently finished dissertation, it proposes a literary approach to architecture and the city, and explains how the ambiguities of architecture (subject-object, author-user and reality-fiction) can be addressed by literary means. Then, it makes clear that bringing together knowledge from different fields requires an act of composition. It argues that knowledge can be seen as a spatial construction rather than a linear one, and that the mediating capacity of the architect offers researchers with a background in architecture the possibility to develop such spatial research compositions.
Science for Architecture: Designing Architectural Research in Post-War Sweden
Authors: Rosenberg Frida
Published: November 2023

How did architectural research in Sweden become scientific in its approach rather than artistic, as architecture education in the post-war period was primarily influenced by the Bauhaus pedagogy? Via the American Bauhaus pedagogical developments taking place at the IIT and the GSD, Swedish architecture education adopted the artistic ‘learning by doing’ approach.

The most interesting structure signifying this was a permanent exhibition of building materials located in the foreground of the 1957 KTH architecture school. When the new KTH architecture school was completed its architecture illustrated another image: that of the new architecture curriculum, A68, put into practice the same year as the building was designed.  A68 reorganized architecture education and put more focus on environmental studies and building function analysis.

The new curriculum included the subjects Formlära, Design Principles, and Byggnadsfunktionslära, Building Function Analysis, which were technical in their approach of using empirical research. As a result, the 1969 KTH architecture building included a laboratory for testing technical problems in air-conditioned spaces as well as a laboratory for testing acoustics. The 1961 LTH architecture building included a full-scale-laboratory where studies were directed by Carin Boalt, the first female professor at a technical university.
The ʽDiverse Economies’ of Participation
Authors: Udall Julia , Holder Anna
Published: November 2023

This article begins to construct a theory of participation in architecture, urban design and urban planning as a range of practices undertaken across a landscape of economies that largely exists outside of the capitalist economy. These practices themselves overlap in terms of their material forms, bodily and mental activities with the practices undertaken by labour employed to produce the built environment within the capitalist marketplace.

With respect to participation, our aim in articulating practices is to move away from a discussion of levels of participation and legitimacy within individual projects and towards an understanding of the organising, productive and reproductive work that is done in participating in the production of the built environment as part of an ongoing process of social change. They proliferate through multiple instances of performance and those who undertake them act as carriers of these practices, including forms of knowhow, understanding, motivational and emotional knowledge, creating resources through these acts of performance.

The article contends that participatory practices are liable to be exploited re-presented or co-opted as commodified resources and this fragility limits the socially transformative potential of participation. Drawing on J.K Gibson-Graham’s conception of ‘diverse economies’, an alternative representation is developed to recognize the landscape of practices constructing alternative economic systems, and exploring means and methods of resistance to co-option or enclosure.
Cooperatives, Control or Compromise? The Changing Role of Participation in Norwegian Housing
Authors: Hatleskog Eli
Published: November 2023

What does it mean to participate? Participation used to be an ideological pursuit, conducted for the greater good of society; today, however, the motives and intentions behind it are not so straightforward.

This paper presents examples of community participation in Norwegian housing, through which early egalitarian impulses can be seen to clash with the more recent intentions of private developers and a public desire for detached family homes.

The situation is, however, changing: desirable development land is running out as the Norwegian population grows – surely we must participate again, but with whom and to what end?
Citizens as Knowledge Producers in Urban Change: Can Participation Change Procedures and Systems
Authors: Stenberg Jenny
Published: November 2023

The aim of the article is to understand more about the potentials of citizen participation in planning. The research project in focus was conducted in a stigmatised Swedish context and was participatory in approach, including local interaction activities, case-based participant observation and key informant interviews. The project aim was to develop knowledge about the interplay between top-down invitations for dialogue and bottom-up citizen initiatives.

Two cases are discussed in relation to previous research on participation. The participatory process was shown to influence how ‘socially responsible public procurement’ of a construction project was carried out, and hence the article concludes that citizen participation in design can influence systems and procedures. The question of how such knowledge and awareness can develop the planning profession ends the article.
Data Reshaped: Literalism in the Age of Digital Design and Architectural Fabrication
Authors: Neuman Eran
Published: November 2023

This essay examines the recent shift in the perception of literalism in architecture as a result of the advent of digital media and the emergence of digital design processes. Whereas pre-digital literalism in art and architecture focused on the object and on space respectively, digital literalism is based on data transliteration and the design processes themselves. Referring to theoretical discourses that frame literal expressions as non-representational, non-metaphorical and non-analogical utterances, the essay delves into the ways in which data-based expressions become literal. The ability to digitally transliterate data and have it articulated in several (virtual or physical) media enables the creation of multiple expressions of the same data that are literal with respect to each other. The essay outlines these transformations and argues that they reflect significant changes in architectural design processes and their literalisation.
Fun and Games: The Suppression of Architectural Authoriality and the Rise of the Reader
Authors: Keslacy Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

Between the Roarkian caricature of the heroic modernist and the spectre of the contemporary starchitect, there was a period of resistance in which architectural authoriality came under fire. One of the most explicit challenges was issued through the use of gaming and simulation in both architectural education and practice in the 1960s and the 1970s, particularly in the work of Juan Pablo Bonta and Henry Sanoff - both of them architectural scholars, educators, and game enthusiasts.  By tracing the importation of gaming and simulation techniques into architecture, this paper will show how architectural games sought to refigure the architect as a collaborative figure embedded in a network of experts, participants and constituents, and to modulate the architect’s design authority by foregrounding the contributions of viewer-interpreters to the creation of meaning. Situating their work within gaming precedents, from war and business games to urban planning gaming-simulations, I show how architecture games - particularly design games - worked to develop the architectural reader as a creative force, in some quarters going so far as to posit interpretation as the basis of design.
Mapping the (Invisible) Salaried Woman Architect: the Australian Parlour Research Project
Authors: Burns Karen Lisa , Clark Justine , Willis Jullie
Published: November 2023

Since the 1970s, feminist historians and polemicists have struggled to uncover the ordinary lives of women. They believe that gender ideals and biases are a critical part of the weft and weave of daily life. But the quotidian has been a restricted field in our discipline, often used to define a particular building type rather than the lives of architects. For example, we know little about the workdays of professionals or their labour in the workplace. The architectural office - its daily transactions and everyday culture - remains obscure. Even when represented in histories of the profession, the architectural office is filtered through a top-down lens trained on practice directors. The labour and lives of architecture’s male and female employees is unexplored terrain, but we could begin with the demographics: up to three-quarters of Australian women in architecture are salaried workers, continuing a historical trend. In the past, women generally worked for others. The gendering of salaried architectural workers raises questions about the relationship between gender and office work. Feminist historians and theorists have suggested that the office plays a role in forming gender ideals and practices. This paper endeavours to critically describe the lives and labour of women architects at the office, using survey and interview data from a large-scale Australian research project, publicly known through its website Parlour. This research inquires into gender disadvantage and investigates how gender ideals and norms shape the culture of the architectural workplace. The project’s research questions, evidence and explanations form the basis of this essay. The Parlour project is an ongoing platform for sharing information and research, but it gives particular voice to women’s experience in architecture, an experience largely shaped by salaried employment, studentship and the ownership of small practices.
Evaluation of Aclonifen 600SC a broad-spectrum herbicide molecule to control canary grass (Phalaris minor (Retz.) Pers.) in wheat crop
Authors: Reddy M. B. , Singh U. P. , Upadhyay Anurag , Verma Kajal , Singh N. K. , Mahapatra Deeptirekha , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Avaneesh
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was undertaken during the rabi season of 2019-20 at the agricultural research farm, BHU, Varanasi with an aim to determine the appropriate time and amount of a new broad-spectrum herbicide molecule aclonifen 600SC for effective control of Phalaris minor in wheat. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatments replicated thrice. Among different chemical options tested, aclonifen 600 SC @ 2.4 kg a.i./ha application both as pre and early post-emergence (PE-W4 and EPOE-W8) resulted in lower density and dry matter accumulation by Phalaris minor and resulted in enhanced control efficiency. Next to it, the application of aclonifen 600 SC as PE (W3) and EPOE (W7) at rates of 1.2 kg a.i./ha recorded better results without affecting crop growth and grain yields of wheat, and these treatments were superior to leftover three doses of aclonifen 600 SC applied both as PE and EPOE. From these results, it is clear that aclonifen @ 1.2 a.i./ha applied as pre and early post-emergence (up to 15 DAS-days after sowing) effectively controls Phalaris minor (Retz.) Pers. in wheat, which resulted in enhanced productivity and profitability.
Assessing Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information
Authors: Ross Ron , Pillitteri Victoria
Published: November 2023

The protection of Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) resident in nonfederal systems and organizations is of paramount importance to federal agencies and can directly impact the ability of the Federal Government to successfully conduct its essential missions and functions. This publication provides federal and nonfederal organizations with assessment procedures and a methodology that can be employed to conduct assessments of the security requirements in NIST Special Publication 800-171, Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information in Nonfederal Systems and Organizations. The assessment procedures are flexible and can be customized to the needs of organizations and assessors. Security assessments can be conducted as independent, third-party assessments or as government-sponsored assessments. The assessments can also be applied with various degrees of rigor based on customer-defined depth and coverage attributes. The findings and evidence produced during the assessments can facilitate risk-based decisions by organizations related to the security requirements.
Talent Management Systems and Employee Retention in Devolved Health Care Service Delivery in Kenya
Authors: Muriithi James Gitari , Charles Muo
Published: November 2023

Employee retention and talent management concerns are quickly becoming the most pressing workforce management challenges of the near future as human resource management paradigms shift. This study was on Private hospitals which are health organizations formed and owned by individuals or organizations to provide health services to citizens. The general objective of this study was to establish the influence of talent management on employees’ retention in devolved health care service delivery in Kenya. Specifically, the objectives were to establish whether talent acquisition, and talent development influence employee retention in devolved health care service delivery in Kenya. The study adopted cross sectional research design where the target population comprising of all the employees in the hospital was used. The study population targeted administrators and doctors from all counties. These included County Executive Committee (CEC) Members - Health, Level 5  chief executive officers and Level 4 doctors-in-charge. This study employed both purposive and simple stratified random sampling technique to choose its sample. Primary data was collected using questionnaires, which were distributed to the officers selected to participate in the study. Questionnaires were the main data collection tool from the respondents. Multiple regression models were used for the purpose of analysing data (descriptive and inferential statistics) using SPSS Version 23 software. The findings from these statistics were presented in the form of tables. Inferential statistics in the form of factor and principal component analysis was also conducted. The inferences made were used to tell apart the major factors that influenced employee turnover in devolved health care service delivery in Kenya. The findings found out that, talent acquisition, and talent development significantly influenced employee retention in devolved health care service delivery in Kenya but to moderate extent. Therefore, recommendations focused on working on the maturity of employees, improving the working conditions as well as fostering the leadership. Future research should focus on determining specific factors that influence retention in institutions to assist companies deal with similar situations
ANALISIS PENGARUH SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. ENSEVAL PUTERA MEGATRADING, TBK CABANG PANGKALPINANG
Authors: Yori  , Novika  , Panjaitan Fery
Published: November 2023

This study uses primary data with quantitative descriptive. The data used in this study is in the form of questionnaires to 52 employees. The sampling technique is the same as the total population at PT. Enseval Putera Megatrading, Tbk Pangkalpinang Branch. The data analysis method used is descriptive statistics with hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression processed with JASP.
The results of the study show (1) Control Environment has no partial effect on employee performance with a significance value of 0.813. (2) Risk assessment has no partial effect on employee performance with a significance value of 0.239. (3) Control activities have no partial effect on employee performance with a significance value of 0.230. (4) Information and Communication has no partial effect on employee performance with a significance value of 0.968. (5) Monitoring has a partial effect on employee performance with a significance value of 0.020. (6) Control Environment, Risk Assessment, Control Activities, Information and Communication and Monitoring have a simultaneous effect with a significance value of 0.001.
Asociación entre virus respiratorios y la exacerbación de asma en niños. Trujillo-Perú
Authors: Romero Goicochea Cecilia , Benites Castillo Santiago , Chávez Castillo Milciades
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: Los virus respiratorios son la principal causa de morbilidad en niños y el asma que afecta a todos los grupos de edad constituye el objetivo de diversas intervenciones clínicas y de salud pública. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar si existe asociación entre virus respiratorios y la exacerbación del asma en niños menores de 14 años atendidos en el Hospital Florencia de Mora, Trujillo, Perú. Material y métodos: Se estudió 167 secreciones nasofaríngeas de niños con asma. El estudio virológico comprendió la detección de virus respiratorios con el sistema inmunocromatográfico Coris BioConcept- Bélgica, detectándose virus sincicial respiratorio, adenovirus, influenza virus A y B. Para el estudio de la exacerbación de asma se midió el flujo espiratorio pico basal y el puntaje de Bierman y Pierson modificado por Tal.

Resultados: El virus con mayor frecuencia fue el de influenza A en un 46.7%, seguido de influenza B con 19.2%. Se observó que la exacerbación más importante fue la de tipo leve en ambos sexos. La presencia de sibilancias fue el síntoma más frecuente (100%), seguido de fiebre (97.0%) y cefalea (95.8%).

Conclusiones: Se determinó que existe asociación entre la presencia de virus respiratorios y la exacerbación del asma, siendo los virus influenza los de presentación más frecuente.
Adenopatías cervicales en niños
Authors: Paredes Guerra Gloria , Huerta Mesones Fernando , Gerónimo Meza Jenny , Oscanoa Gutiérrez Mónica , Liberato Ramón Ciro
Published: November 2023

Las adenopatías constituyen uno de los hallazgos más frecuentes en la praxis pediátrica, resultado de una combinación variable de hiperplasia e hipertrofia, que pueden presentarse en forma aislada o formando parte de un contexto clínico complejo y de amplio espectro causal. Evidenciando la causa maligna en el 15 a 20% de los casos.
Pisco sour del Perú
Authors: Lazo Rivera Carmen del Pilar
Published: November 2023

Pisco sour del Perú.
Relação entre fatores de estilo de vida e conforto de pacientes em hemodiálise
Authors: Rodrigues Bruna dos Anjos , Almeida Lorena Lima de , Silva Isabella Ezita Vieira , Queiroz Jéssica Salles , Souza Daiana Maria de , Morais Alexandre Souza
Published: November 2023

Pacientes com doença renal crônica em tratamento hemodialítico experimentam mudanças e limitações que impactam os aspectos biológicos, psicológicos e sociais de sua vida. Dentre eles, destaca-se o conforto, um constructo complexo, multidimensional e necessidade básica do ser humano. O objetivo é analisar a relação entre fatores do estilo de vida e conforto de pacientes em hemodiálise. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, transversal e analítica, realizada em uma clínica na região norte do Espírito Santo. A coleta de dados ocorreu em outubro/2022, por meio de entrevistas, aplicando-se os instrumentos: General Comfort Questionnaire, Escala de Bem-estar Espiritual (BEE), Escala de Estresse Percebido e Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittisburg. Foram incluídos pacientes em hemodiálise há, no mínimo, 12 meses e excluídos os internados. Empregou-se análise descritiva e teste de correlação de Pearson pelo software Stata 13.0. Parecer do CEP n.º 5.454.225. Participaram 132 pacientes. A média do escore geral de conforto em pacientes com BEE baixo (69,8%) foi de 135,78±18,53 e com BEE moderado (30,2%) foi de 131,84±17,83. Nenhum paciente apresentou BBE alto. Em pacientes com boa qualidade do sono (31,7%) a média de conforto foi de 140,54 ± 21,18, com qualidade do sono ruim (45,2%) foi 134,10±16,50 e com distúrbio do sono (23,1%) foi 128,41±19,01. Pacientes com média geral de estresse baixa (8,11%) apresentaram nível de conforto de 139,35±23,53; moderada (50,45%) de 133,77±13,78 e alta (41,44%) de 123,33±14,25. Foram encontradas evidências estatisticamente significantes de correlação entre conforto e BEE (r=0,296, p=0,001), qualidade do sono (r=0,216, p=0,028) e estresse (r=-0,530, p=0,001). Conclui-se que, nesta amostra, pacientes com maiores níveis de BEE e qualidade do sono, bem como menor nível de estresse, apresentaram maiores níveis de conforto, com maior intensidade na relação estresse e conforto.
Effect of Perineal Massage on The Spontaneous Perineal Rupture in Maternity Mothers
Authors: Febry Mutiariami Dahlan  , Sri Faulindawati  , Anni Suciawati
Published: November 2023

Background: Perineal rupture is the main cause of postpartum maternal bleeding. Postpartum bleeding is the main cause of 40% of maternal deaths in Indonesia. The number of cases of maternal deaths decreased from 4,999 in 2015 to 4912 in 2016. Perineal rupture is caused by parity, birth spacing, infant weight, labor delivery, cunam extraction, vacuum extraction, tool trauma and episiotomy.
Purpose: The aim was to examine the effect of perineal massage on spontaneous perineal rupture among labor mother at the Paramitra Medika 1 Clinic in intervention and control groups.
Methods: This research was used pre-experiment by using static group comparison. The sample size was 30 labor mother who consisted of 15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. Observation form as an instrument. Univariat and bivariate variable were used and used paired t-test with alpha 0,05.
Result: The results showed that 60.0% of mothers given perineal massage did not experience perineal rupture, the average rupture was 1.47 with a standard deviation of 0.64 and as many as 46.7% of mothers who were not given perineal massage had a secon degree rupture, on average rupture is 1.40 with a standard deviation of 0.986. Perineal massage has an effect on the spontaneous perineal rupture in maternal (p value 0.008).
Conclusion: It was expected that further study, such as sample are pregnant women so that the massage results are not different.
Effectiveness of Giving Boiled Eggs and Papaya Fruit Against Changes in Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant Women at PMB F Bekasi
Authors: Rini Dwi Wahyuni  , Vivi Silawati  , Putri Azzahroh
Published: November 2023

Background: Anemia in pregnant women is categorized as a global health problem. One of the factors for the high maternal mortality rate is the existence of high-risk pregnancies, diseases that are included in high-risk pregnancies, including anemia. The impact of anemia on pregnant women can cause obstacles to the growth of the fetus, both body cells and brain cells, abortion, prolonged labor due to lack of uterine thrust, bleeding, and infection.
Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of boiled eggs and papaya fruit on changes in hemoglobin levels in pregnant women at PMB Fitria Wulandari, Bekasi in 2023.
Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of 30 respondents consisting of 15 people in the intervention group and 15 people in the control group. Sampling was done by using total sampling.
Result: The average hemoglobin level of the control group before administration of Fe tablets was 10.687 gr/dl and after consuming Fe tablets was 10.773 gr/dl. While the average hemoglobin level in the intervention group before being given FE plus boiled eggs and papaya fruit was 10.473 gr/dl and after consuming Fe tablets plus boiled eggs and papaya fruit was 11.313 gr/dl. The statistical test results obtained p value: 0.000.
Conclusion: There is an effectiveness in changing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women after consuming boiled eggs and papaya fruit at PMB Fitria Bekasi in 2023. Pregnant women can use eggs and papaya fruit as an alternative option to help increase hemoglobin levels.
The Effect of Bibliotherapy in Teeth-brushing Behavior to Prevent Dental Caries Among Pre-School Children
Authors: Rizqi Nursasmita  , Rahayu Putri , Argarini Diah
Published: November 2023

Background: Dental caries is a dental disease caused by the presence of food residue and bacteria for a long time, where the bacteria produce acid which can cause tooth decay. In order for preschool-aged children to prevent tooth decay, bibliotherapy is needed which can provide insight and change the behavior of preschoolers. Bibliotherapy is using a story to start a discussion about a problem and it should be used as an alternative to problem solving.
Purpose: To determine the effect of bibliotherapy on tooth brushing behavior for the prevention of dental caries in preschool children at one of kindergarten in South Jakarta, Indonesia.
Method: This study used quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design, where the intervention group is measured or observed before and after the intervention. The research sample consisted of 30 respondents.
The sampling technique uses total sampling. The research instrument is a tooth-brushing behavior questionnaire. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test to determine the effect of bibliotherapy on tooth-brushing behavior.
Results: The behavior of the respondents before the intervention showed that the behavioral variable with good category was 13.3% and after the intervention showed that the variable with good behavior increased to 96.7%. The results of the study obtained a p value of 0.000 <0.05 which indicates that bibliotherapy has an effect on tooth-brushing behavior.
Conclusion: There is an effect of bibliotherapy on tooth-brushing behavior to prevent dental caries in preschool children in one of kindergarten in South Jakarta.
Comment la notion de préoccupation professionnelle peut-elle enrichir l’ingénierie didactique professionnelle ?
Authors: Saillot Éric
Published: November 2023

L’ingénierie didactique professionnelle s’appuie essentiellement sur des analyses didactiques de l’activité de travail afin de concevoir ou d’améliorer des dispositifs de formation, en se centrant sur la problématique des compétences dans des classes de situations caractéristiques. Cet article propose un enrichissement de cette approche en se centrant sur les préoccupations professionnelles, soit dans une démarche d’ajustement pédagogique, soit pour appréhender des organisateurs spécifiques de l’activité. Dans cette seconde perspective, cette contribution soumet un modèle d’analyse générique de multi-agenda de préoccupations professionnelles, dans une visée de didactique professionnelle.
Les pieds sur terre et la tête dans les étoiles : l’ingenium en acte.
Entretien avec Thierry Ardouin
Authors: Renier Samuel , Guillaumin Catherine
Published: November 2023

L’entretien retranscrit dans cet article a été réalisé avec Thierry Ardouin,
grand témoin et acteur de l’histoire de l’ingénierie de formation en France. À travers
l’évocation de son parcours et de ses réflexions, il s’agit ici de rendre compte à la fois
d’un trajet singulier, mais aussi du saisissement opportun de l’ingénium comme dynamique
d’analyse et d’action dans le champ des Sciences de l’éducation et de la formation. « Les
pieds sur terre et la tête dans les étoiles », telle est la démarche qu’il nous propose,
afin de relier cette histoire aux perspectives actuelles et futures d’une réflexion toujours
en construction sur l’ingénierie de formation, animée par une vigilance éthique vis-à-vis
des mouvements du monde.
Nd, Gd:SrF2 crystal spectrum gain characteristic in broadband laser amplification
Authors: Jiang Dong-Bin , Zhang Ying , Jiang Da-Peng , Zhu Bin , Li Gang , Sun Li , Huang Zheng , Lu Feng , Xie Na , Zhou Kai-Nan , Su Jing-Qin ,   Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China,   Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China
Published: November 2023

Spectral gain narrowing is one of the key factors affecting broadband amplification of ultrashort pulses. In this paper, the spectral gain characteristics in broadband amplification are studied theoretically and experimentally by using the characteristic of Nd,Gd:SrF2 crystal, i.e. the emission spectrum that has a certain width at the higher stimulated emission cross section. Through the numerical simulation, the evolution law of output spectrum of the laser gain medium under different spectral gain lineshapes and different gain values is studied in detail. Theoretical calculation shows that the spectral gain is narrowed obviously with the increase of gain value of the traditional Gaussian emission spectrum, and that increasing the spectral bandwidth at the maximum stimulated emission cross section can obviously suppress the spectral gain narrowing. Furthermore, the spectral gain narrowing characteristics of the Nd,Gd:SrF2 crystal are studied experimentally. The Ф 13 mm× 150 mm Nd,Gd:SrF2 crystals are used as the gain medium which are pumped by flash lamps in the experimental study. The experimental results show that the output spectra of Nd,Gd:SrF2 crystals are not obviously narrowed when the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of spectral width of the input laser is 5 nm and the gain is 140 times. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical calculation and analysis. The crystal can work normally at a repetition rate of 0.2 Hz and 1.0 Hz in the experiment, but due to the influence of thermal effect, the gain will decrease to a certain extent with the increase of pump energy and repetition rate. The research results lay the foundation for the application of fluoride crystal in broadband chirped pulse amplification.
A multimodal prediction model for suicidal attempter in major depressive disorder
Authors: Li Qiaojun , Liao Kun
Published: November 2023

Background

Suicidal attempts in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have become an important challenge in global mental health affairs. To correctly distinguish MDD patients with and without suicidal attempts, a multimodal prediction model was developed in this study using multimodality data, including demographic, depressive symptoms, and brain structural imaging data. This model will be very helpful in the early intervention of MDD patients with suicidal attempts.

Methods

Two feature selection methods, support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest (RF) algorithms, were merged for feature selection in 208 MDD patients. SVM was then used as a classification model to distinguish MDD patients with suicidal attempts or not.

Results

The multimodal predictive model was found to correctly distinguish MDD patients with and without suicidal attempts using integrated features derived from SVM-RFE and RF, with a balanced accuracy of 77.78%, sensitivity of 83.33%, specificity of 70.37%, positive predictive value of 78.95%, and negative predictive value of 76.00%. The strategy of merging the features from two selection methods outperformed traditional methods in the prediction of suicidal attempts in MDD patients, with hippocampal volume, cerebellar vermis volume, and supracalcarine volume being the top three features in the prediction model.

Conclusions

This study not only developed a new multimodal prediction model but also found three important brain structural phenotypes for the prediction of suicidal attempters in MDD patients. This prediction model is a powerful tool for early intervention in MDD patients, which offers neuroimaging biomarker targets for treatment in MDD patients with suicidal attempts.
Governança publica: análise dos níveis de dependência das receitas próprias e transferidas dos municípios do estado do Pará (2010/2015/2020)
Authors: Santos Ítalo Maciel , Rocha Norberto Ferreira , Pinto Jax Nildo Aragão , Machado Rogério Ruas , Arnaud Michel Melo
Published: November 2023

No regime federativo, a distribuição de receitas entre as esferas de governos ocorre com o intuito de sanar as desigualdades inter e intrarregionais. Diante do exposto, considerando a baixa arrecadação das receitas próprias e a nítida necessidade da maioria dos municípios de pequeno e médio porte na região norte do Brasil em relação as transferências governamentais para o financiamento de suas atividades, levanta-se o seguinte problema: qual o nível de dependência dos municípios do Estado do Pará e suas mesorregiões em relação aos repasses intergovernamentais e quanto é a representatividade em relação as suas receitas próprias? O objetivo geral deste trabalho tem como critério norteador analisar a condição e o comportamento das receitas dos municípios paraenses durante os anos de 2010, 2015 e 2020. O objetivo específico é analisar a relação da receita total dos municípios com o nível de dependência das transferências intergovernamentais em relação as suas receitas próprias no período analisado. Em relação aos procedimentos metodológicos a pesquisa caracteriza-se como Qualitativa de caráter descritivo devido ao alinhamento dos objetivos serem voltados a coletar observar, analisar, comparar e interpretar os dados obtidos dos municípios escolhidos para acompanhar a evolução da composição das receitas arrecadadas pelas administrações municipais. Os municípios com os menores IDH-Ms são altamente dependentes dos recursos financeiros providos por outras esferas de governo, o que sugere a necessidade de políticas públicas que possam promover o desenvolvimento local e reduzir essa dependência. Embora tenham ocorrido variações no fluxo orçamentário ao longo dos anos, a dependência dos municípios em relação às transferências intergovernamentais continua alta, sendo a principal fonte de recursos para a maioria deles
Diversity of Seagrass Along Two Coast Line Villages in The Regency of Biak Numfor: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ardyanti Agustina Aries , Bawole Roni , Kaber Yuanike
Published: November 2023

The Biodiversity Assessment of Seagrass Ecosystem in Orwer and Ambroben Waters, Biak Numfor Regency, Papua Province is very important for a baseline study of the ecosystem health of seagrass beds. The ecological function of seagrass ecosystems is to stabilize the seabed, provide food and habitat for other marine life, and maintain water quality. The research conducted aims to (1) determine the types of seagrasses, density, and percentage of seagrass cover in Orwer and Ambroben waters, and (2) find out the characteristics of aquatic environmental parameters that play an important role in determining the health status of seagrass meadow ecosystems. Based on the results of the research has been found as many as four types of seagrasses are in Orwer waters, namely Halodule pinifolia, Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii, and Halophila ovalis. In Ambroben waters have been found as many as 7 types of seagrass, namely Halodule pinifolia, Halodule uninervis, Cymodocea rotundata, Syringodium isoetifolium, Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii and Halophila ovalis. The average density per seagrass species in Orwer waters is higher (2101 ind/m2) compared to Ambroben waters (1553 ind/m2). The percentage of seagrass ecosystem cover in Orwer is higher (94.44%) than in Ambroben waters (91.53%). The characteristics of aquatic health indicators for seagrass ecosystems in Orwer and Ambroben waters show almost the same range of values, namely temperatures ranging from 29.47-29.97, salinity 33.27-33.97 oo/oo, and pH 7.57-8.46, the dissolved oxygen parameter shows different values between the two waters. Oxygen levels in Orwer waters are 10.47-14.37 mg / L, while Oxygen levels in Ambroben waters are 7.47-11.10 mg / L. Based on these results, it shows that both waters are still included in the category of healthy waters and meet the quality standard criteria for life requirements for seagrass ecosystems.
Predisposing Factors that Promote Prevalence of Heavy Metals Assimilation and Bioaccumulation in Aquatic Medium and amongst Fishes
Authors: Ajah Paul. O.  , Allison, Nneka L.  , Sylvester Igbang Lucky , Augustine Moses Miracle , Vinatius Efuneshi Chima
Published: November 2023

The degree of heavy metals assimilation and bioaccumulation in fish tissues (muscles, gills, liver, and kidneys), amongst scale-less fishes- Chrysichthys macrotis, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus longifilis, -scaly fishes- Cynoglossus senegalensis, Oreochromis aureus, O. niloticus, Lutjanus fulgens, Pomadasys rogeri, and Tilapia galilea, water columns and sediments, were investigated. Heavy metals assimilation and bioaccumulation varied among organisms with or without scales, tissue types, and fish location (water column & sediments) and pollution level.  Fishes with scales had lower concentrations of heavy metals than scale- less fishes. The scalier the fish, the lower the metal assimilation and bioaccumulation. As expected, trace metals were generally lower in muscles than liver, and kidney. Liver had highest followed by kidney, gills and then muscles. Fish trophic level (water column or sediments) and water pollution levels affected heavy metal concentrations. Concentrations were always more in sediments than water column or tissues. The more polluted the water, the more the assimilation and accumulation of trace metals.
Occurrence, Ecological and Health Risks of Organic Pollution of the Waters from a Tropical Lake System
Authors: Arthur Konan Kouadio Fabrice , Konan Yao Marcel
Published: November 2023

The monitoring of the organic pollution level and the ecological and health risks of the waters from the Déganobo lake system were the subject of this study. In its implementation, the water samples were collected monthly in this aquatic ecosystem over a year (from August 2021 to July 2022). The organic pollution level of these waters was assessed using their Chemical Oxygen Demand, determined in accordance with NF T 90-101 standard. The ecological and health risks were assessed based on the SEQ-Eau V2 water quality guidelines. Their COD seasonal mean values were between 220,000±51,872 and 361,333±48,273 mg/L O2. So, their organic pollution was relatively very significant, with the corollary of the zero of its seasonal transparencies and of its seasonal dissolved oxygen contents. The seasonal dynamics of organic matter in these waters was essentially linked to the hydroclimate (rainfall and ambient temperature) on the watershed of this lake system. The low meteorite waters inputs in dry seasons favoured the increase of their COD by the important punctual wastes inputs of various origins (domestic, agricultural, industrial, hospital, etc.); in opposite of the important meteorite waters inputs in rainy seasons causing their renewal. The consequences of their important COD values are severe ecological and health risks, as highlighted by SEQ-Eau V2 water quality guidelines. So, this lake system is under the strong anthropogenic pressures. This study could serve as complementary information on its pollution level and contribute to decision-making for its rehabilitation, its protection within the framework of its sustainable development.
Reduction of Financial Health Incentives and Changes in Physical Activity
Authors: Spilsbury Sean , Wilk Piotr , Taylor Carolyn , Prapavessis Harry , Mitchell Marc
Published: November 2023

Importance

Governments and others continue to use financial incentives to influence citizen health behaviors like physical activity. However, when delivered on a population scale they can be prohibitively costly, suggesting more sustainable models are needed.

Objectives

To evaluate the association of incomplete financial incentive withdrawal (“schedule thinning”) with physical activity after more than a year of incentive intervention and to explore whether participant characteristics (eg, app engagement and physical activity) are associated with withdrawal outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case-control study with a pre-post quasi-experimental design included users of a government-funded health app focused on financial incentives. Eligible participants were residents in 3 Canadian provinces over 25 weeks in 2018 and 2019. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to December 2022.

Exposure

Due to fiscal constraints, financial incentives for daily physical activity goals were withdrawn in Ontario in December 2018 (case)—representing a 90% reduction in incentive earnings—but not in British Columbia or Newfoundland and Labrador (controls).

Main Outcome and Measures

The primary outcome was objectively assessed weekly mean daily step count. Linear regression models were used to compare pre-post changes in daily step counts between provinces (a difference-in-differences approach). Separate models were developed to examine factors associated with changes in daily step count (eg, app engagement and physical activity). Clinically meaningful initial effect sizes were previously reported (approximately 900 steps/d overall and 1800 steps/d among the physically inactive).

Results

In total there were 584 760 study participants (mean [SD] age, 34.3 [15.5] years; 220 388 women [63.5%]), including 438 731 from Ontario, 124 101 from British Columbia, and 21 928 from Newfoundland and Labrador. Significant physical activity declines were observed when comparing pre-post changes in Ontario to British Columbia (−198 steps/d; 95% CI, −224 to −172 steps/d) and Newfoundland and Labrador (−274 steps/d; 95% CI, −323 to −225 steps/d). The decrease was most pronounced for highly engaged Ontario users (−328 steps/d; 95% CI, −343 to −313 steps/d). Among physically inactive Ontario users, physical activity did not decline following withdrawal (107 steps/d; 95% CI, 90 to 124 steps/d).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this case-control study of incomplete financial incentive withdrawal, statistically significant daily step count reductions were observed in Ontario; however, these declines were modest and not clinically meaningful. Amidst substantial program savings, the physical activity reductions observed here may be acceptable to decision-makers working within finite budgets.