bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Disulfides Using Tetrathiomolybdate: A Step Toward Greener Synthesis.
Authors: Sidiq Naheed , Bhat Mohsin Ahmad , Khan Khaliquz Zaman , Khuroo Mohammad Akbar
Published: October 2012

Silica‐supported benzyltriethylammonium tetrathiomolybdate is used as an eco‐friendly reagent for the microwave‐assisted preparation of disulfides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Electromediated ipso‐Hydroxylation of Aryl and Alkyl Boronic Acids under an Air Atmosphere.
Authors: Jiang Hao , Lykke Lennart , Pedersen Steen Uttrup , Xiao Wen‐Jing , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: October 2012

Potassium trifluoroborates are inapplicable as starting material.
ChemInform Abstract: The Catalytic Activity of Titania Nanostructures in the Synthesis of Amides under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Nagarajan Sangaraiah , Ran Park , Shanmugavelan Poovan , Sathishkumar Murugan , Ponnuswamy Alagusundaram , Nahm Kee Suk , Kumar G. Gnana
Published: October 2012

Among a variety of titania nanostructures, sulfated TiO2 nanotubes possess the highest catalytic activity in the amidation of carboxylic acids with aniline.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Pd‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling Reaction Between Aryl Carboxylic Acids: Synthesis of Biaryl Compounds.
Authors: Hu Peng , Shang Yaping , Su Weiping
Published: October 2012

The use of a Pd(II)/PCy3 catalyst enables the cross‐coupling of electronically different or electronically similar aryl carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopalladated Ferrocenylimine as an Efficient Catalyst for the Syntheses of Diarylmethane Derivatives.
Authors: Yu Ajuan , Li Xiangdong , Peng Dongpo , Wu Yangjie , Chang Junbiao
Published: October 2012

The Suzuki cross‐coupling tolerates various functional groups using a highly active catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Arylation of Enamides with Simple Arenes.
Authors: Pankajakshan Sreekumar , Xu Yun‐He , Cheng Jun Kee , Low Man Ting , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: October 2012

The presented direct arylation reaction of enamides (I) with simple arenes proceeds with absolute Z‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Bis(N‐tosylhydrazone)s: An Efficient Approach Towards Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds.
Authors: Xia Ying , Liu Zhenxing , Xiao Qing , Qu Peiyuan , Ge Rui , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: October 2012

A general approach towards polycyclic aromatic compounds is presented, involving the Rh‐catalyzed cyclization of bis(tosylhydrazones), e.g. (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Heterocyclic Compounds from Enamines of 3‐Acetylfuran‐2(5H)‐ones.
Authors: Melikyan Gagik S. , Hovhannisyan Anna A. , Hayotsyan Sargis S.
Published: October 2012

The reaction of 4‐methyl‐3‐acetylfuranone with acetal (II) and aldehyde (V) proceeds regioselectively at the 4‐methyl group to afford enamines (III) and (VI) leaving the acetyl group intact.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine/Palladium‐Catalyzed Syntheses of Alkylidene Phthalans, 3‐Deoxyisoochracinic Acid, Isoochracinic Acid, and Isoochracinol.
Authors: Fan Yi Chiao , Kwon Ohyun
Published: October 2012

Small amounts of (E)‐isomers are also formed but their purification and isolation is difficult.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of Naphthol‐ or Phenol‐Linked 1,6‐Enynes Through the Cleavage and Formation of sp2 C—O Bonds.
Authors: Sakiyama Norifumi , Noguchi Keiichi , Tanaka Ken
Published: October 2012

The method produces vinylnaphtho‐ or vinylbenzofurans and vinylnaphtho‐ or vinylbenzopyrans.
ChemInform Abstract: Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐2‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives as GPR35 Agonists.
Authors: Deng Huayun , Hu Jieyu , Hu Haibei , He Mingqian , Fang Ye
Published: October 2012

The title derivatives are obtained from dibromo‐ and perbromothiophene (I) and (XIII) via a ketone‐based ring closure reaction and subsequent introduction of substituents into the thienothiophene core by Hiyama or Suzuki cross‐coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Dithiolane‐Directed Tandem Oxidation/1,2‐Benzyl Migration of Tetramic Acids under Ambient Conditions.
Authors: Li Yifei , Xu Xianxiu , Xia Chunyu , Pan Ling , Liu Qun
Published: October 2012

Succinimide derivatives (II) are efficiently synthesized by the new method.
ChemInform Abstract: Approach to the Synthesis of Indoline Derivatives from Diaryliodonium Salts.
Authors: Landge Kamalkishor P. , Jang Keun Sam , Lee Sang Yeul , Chi Dae Yoon
Published: October 2012

The novel method is based on the metal‐free intramolecular nucleophilic ring closing of diaryliodonium salts such as (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Dirhodium Vinylcarbene Induced Nitrone Cycloaddition with Subsequent Cascade Carbenoid Aromatic Cycloaddition/N—O Cleavage and Rearrangement.
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Abrahams Quentin M. , Zavalij Peter Y. , Doyle Michael P.
Published: October 2012

The cascade involves a metal carbene induced regioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition, a Buchner reaction, and a [1,7]‐oxygen migration, which occurs with N—O cleavage.
ChemInform Abstract: RuH2(CO)(PPh3)3 Catalyzed Selective Formation of 1,4‐Disubstituted Triazoles from Cycloaddition of Alkynes and Organic Azides.
Authors: Liu Pei Nian , Siyang Hai Xiao , Zhang Li , Tse Sunny Kai San , Jia Guochen
Published: October 2012

In addition to the cycloaddition reactions of terminal alkynes with aromatic or aliphatic azides (18 examples), alcohol (VII) is formed by both cycloaddition and transfer hydrogenation reactions in the presence of 1,4‐butanediol and the ruthenium catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Three‐Component Click Reaction of Cyclic Sulfates and Cyclic Sulfamidates.
Authors: Megia‐Fernandez Alicia , Ortega‐Munoz Mariano , Hernandez‐Mateo Fernando , Santoyo‐Gonzalez Francisco
Published: October 2012

Alkyl sulfate triazoles (III) and (V) are efficiently synthesized by the reaction of cyclic sulfates (I) with aliphatic and aromatic terminal alkynes (II) and sodium azide under microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐(4‐Aminophenyl)‐2‐(arylamino)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles and Their Schiff Base Derivatives as Antimycobacterial Agents.
Authors: Dilmaghani K. A. , Jazani N. H. , Pur F. Nasuhi , Shokoufeh N. , Ghadiri F. , Fakhraee F. M.
Published: October 2012

Title thiadiazoles (II) and their Schiff base derivatives (IV) (12 examples) show significant antiproliferative activities against Mycobacterium smegmatis PTCC 1307.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Iodopyrrolocoumarins via Iodine‐Induced 5‐endo‐dig Electrophilic Cyclization
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , De Nirupam , Sinha Biswajit , Roy B.
Published: October 2012

of 5‐alkynyl‐6‐tosylaminocoumarin derivatives (IV)
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Domino Sulfa‐Michael—Aldol Reactions of 2‐Mercaptobenzaldehyde with α,β‐Unsaturated N‐Acylpyrazoles for the Construction of Thiochromane.
Authors: Dong Xiu‐Qin , Fang Xin , Tao Hai‐Yan , Zhou Xiang , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: October 2012

The pivotal key is the introduction of the pyrazole moiety as H‐bond acceptor, which allows for better organization and activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Pyridylbenzofuran, Pyridylbenzothiazole and Pyridylbenzoxazole Derivatives as 18F‐PET Imaging Agents for β‐Amyloid Plaques.
Authors: Swahn Britt‐Marie , et al. et al.
Published: October 2012

The synthesis of 17 title compounds of type (I), (II), or (III) is outlined.
ChemInform Abstract: A CuAAC/Ullmann C—C Coupling Tandem Reaction: Copper‐Catalyzed Reactions of Organic Azides with N‐(2‐Iodoaryl)propiolamides or 2‐Iodo‐N‐(prop‐2‐ynyl)benzenamines.
Authors: Cai Qian , Yan Jiajie , Ding Ke
Published: October 2012

The sequence allow a new and efficient access to a number of triazoloquinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethyl 5‐Amino‐3‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole‐1‐carboxylate in the Selective Synthesis of Partially Hydrogenated Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐3‐ones.
Authors: Lebed P. S. , Mozgovaya N. G. , Kos P. O. , Vovk M. V.
Published: October 2012

Reaction of the title pyrazole‐1‐carboxylate (I) with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds or their synthetic equivalents provides a general, regiospecific synthetic route to dihydrapyrazolopyridinones.
ChemInform Abstract: RhII2‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐, β‐, or δ‐Carbolines from Aryl Azides.
Authors: Pumphrey Ashley L. , Dong Huijun , Driver Tom G.
Published: October 2012

The reaction proceeds via carbolinium ions which are readily reduced to afford tryptolines or deprotonated to access pyridoindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: N—N Bond‐Forming Cyclization for the One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Aryl[3,4‐d]pyrazolopyrimidines.
Authors: Evans Lindsay E. , Cheeseman Matthew D. , Jones Keith
Published: October 2012

A new and efficient method to prepare biologically important pyrazolopyrimidines of type (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiodirected Synthesis of Polyfluoroalkylated Pyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles.
Authors: Goryaeva M. V. , Burgart Ya. V. , Saloutin V. I. , Chupakhin O. N.
Published: October 2012

The nature of the solvent used and the length of the fluoroalkyl‐substituent in 3‐oxo‐3‐polyfluoroalkyl‐2‐ethoxymethylidenepropionates prove to be the main features which determine the regioselectivity in the reaction of aminobenzimidazole (II) with the propionates mentioned above.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(II)‐ and Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Reactions of Enol Diazoacetates with Nitrones: Metal Carbene versus Lewis Acid Directed Pathways.
Authors: Qian Yu , Xu Xinfang , Wang Xiaochen , Zavalij Peter J. , Hu Wenhao , Doyle Michael P.
Published: October 2012

Copper(II) hexafluoroantimonate catalyzes the formal [3 + 3] cycloaddition of Lewis acid activated nitrones and vinyl diazoacetates to produce 1,2‐oxazines in high yields and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Functionalized 4‐Benzylidene‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]thiazines via Tandem Addition‐Cyclization/Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Ding Qiuping , Liu Xianjin , Yu Jinsheng , Zhang Qiulan , Wang Dan , Cao Banpeng , Peng Yiyuan
Published: October 2012

A novel, mild, highly regiospecific, and efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds is described from readily available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles. Part 27. Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel Phenothiazinyl‐Thiazolyl‐Hydrazine Derivatives.
Authors: Ignat Adriana , Lovasz Tamas , Vasilescu Mihai , Fischer‐Fodor Eva , Tatomir Corina Bianca , Cristea Castelia , Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Luminita , Zaharia Valentin
Published: October 2012

Microwave‐assisted Hantzsch cyclization leads to novel phenothiazinyl‐thiazolyl‐hydrazine derivatives (III) which are evaluated for their antiproliferative effect against hepatic HepG2 tumor cells and colon carcinoma CC531S cells.
ChemInform Abstract: A Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldoxime with Alkylidenecyclopropane.
Authors: Xiao Qian , Ye Shengqing , Wu Jie
Published: October 2012

The reaction allows a new, unexpected formation of bridged multi‐membered N‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 2,4‐Disubstituted 1,5‐Benzodiazepines Using Cationic Ruthenium Diamine Catalysts: An Unusual Achiral Counteranion Induced Reversal of Enantioselectivity.
Authors: Ding Zi‐Yuan , Chen Fei , Qin Jie , He Yan‐Mei , Fan Qing‐Hua
Published: October 2012

Title asymmetric hydrogenation reaction of disubstituted benzodiazepines (I) proceeds with excellent enantio‐ (90 to < 99% e.e.) and moderate to good diastereoselectivity (50 to < 90% d.e.) in the presence of a chiral Ru—diamine catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Hiyama Couplings of α‐Silylenoates and α‐Silylenamides.
Authors: Rooke Douglas A. , Ferreira Eric M.
Published: October 2012

The reactions allow efficient formation of various stereodefined trisubstituted alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of o‐Bromo (or Iodo)aryl P‐Chirogenic Phosphines Based on Aryne Chemistry.
Authors: Leroux Frederic R. , et al. et al.
Published: October 2012

The method is based on the reaction of a secondary phosphine borane with the aryne species formed in situ from 1,2‐dibromo‐ or 1,2‐diiodobenzene by treatment with BuLi.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dialkyl 2‐(Dialkoxyphosphoryl)‐3‐(4‐oxo‐4,5‐dihydro‐thiazole‐2‐yl sulfanyl) Succinates.
Authors: Hassanabadi Alireza , Mosslemin Mohammad H. , Salari Shabnam , Landi Mahnoush Momeni
Published: October 2012

Three‐component reaction of rhodanine (I) with DMAD (II) and triorganyl phosphites (III) provides access towards title phosphorylsuccinates (IV) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of the Versatile (Hydroxymethyl)phosphinyl P(O)CH2OH Functional Group.
Authors: Berger Olivier , Gavara Laurent , Montchamp Jean‐Luc
Published: October 2012

It is found that (hydroxymethyl)phosphinates can smoothly be converted into several derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Scalable, Efficient Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidative Phosphonation of sp3 C—H Bonds Using Air as Sustainable Oxidant.
Authors: Xie Jin , Li Huamin , Xue Qicai , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian
Published: October 2012

The method provides an easy access to α‐amino phosphonic compounds in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of a Novel Heterocyclic System Based on Natural Alantolactone.
Authors: Klochkov S. G. , Afanas'eva S. V. , Pukhov S. A.
Published: October 2012

Reaction of 5α‐epoxyalantolactone (I), a secondary metabolite of the plant Inula L., with tryptamine derivatives (II) results in the stereospecific formation of the novel heterocyclic system, benzo[g]furoindolones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Sentulic Acid: A Cytotoxic Ring A‐seco Triterpenoid from Sandoricum koetjape Merr.
Authors: Efdi Mai , Ninomiya Masayuki , Suryani Erma , Tanaka Kaori , Ibrahim Sanusi , Watanabe Kunitomo , Koketsu Mamoru
Published: October 2012

Morphological studies and DNA fragmentation analysis show that the cytotoxic effects of title compound (I) are mediated by apoptosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Briarane Diterpenoids from the South China Sea Gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea.
Authors: Li Cui , La Ming‐Ping , Tang Hua , Pan Wei‐Hua , Sun Peng , Krohn Karsten , Yi Yang‐Hua , Li Ling , Zhang Wen
Published: October 2012

Isolation, structure elucidation and bioactivity of six new briarane diterpenoids, gemmacolides T—Y, are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Neamphamide B, New Cyclic Depsipeptide, as an Antidormant Mycobacterial Substance from a Japanese Marine Sponge of Neamphius sp.
Authors: Yamano Yoshi , Arai Masayoshi , Kobayashi Motomasa
Published: October 2012

The new cyclic depsipeptide neamphamide B is isolated from a marine sponge of Neamphius sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (3′S)‐3′‐Deoxy‐3′‐fluoro‐3′‐C‐ethynylcytidine.
Authors: Clark Jeremy L. , Clark Carey B. , Mason J. Christian
Published: October 2012

Novel compound (IV) shows no activity against several RNA viruses in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Protection‐Free One‐Pot Chemical Synthesis of 2′‐Deoxynucleoside‐5′‐triphosphates.
Authors: Kore Anilkumar R. , Shanmugasundaram Muthian , Senthilvelan Annamalai , Srinivasan Balasubramanian
Published: October 2012

This improved gram‐scale and Ludwig synthetic strategy involves monophosphorylation of the nucleoside followed by reaction of the intermediate dichlorophosphoridate with tributylammonium pyrophosphate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Novel 5‐Substituted‐1‐(β‐L‐arabinofuranosyl)pyrimidine Nucleosides.
Authors: Sendula Robert , Orban Erika , Hudecz Ferenc , Sagi Gyula , Jablonkai Istvan
Published: October 2012

The synthesis of unknown (L)‐nucleosides is accomplished with improved yields by applying benzoyl‐protected sugar derivatives instead of acetylated intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper
Authors: Coles Martyn P.
Published: October 2012

Review: literature overview 2011; 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Magnetic Force Microscopy
Authors: Agarwal Gunjan
Published: October 2012

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Long‐term Behavior Models for Radioactive Waste Forms
Authors: Bacon D. , Pierce E.
Published: October 2012

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured Ceria‐Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Sun Chunwen , Li Hong , Chen Liquan
Published: October 2012

Review: 251 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Frontier of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry. Part 1. Biomimetic Synthesis
Authors: Liu Kesong , Jiang Lei
Published: October 2012

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modeling the Structure and Spectroscopy of Alkaline Zeolites
Authors: Hammond Karl D. , Auerbach Scott M.
Published: October 2012

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon Spintronics with Ferromagnetic Tunnel Devices
Authors: Jansen R. , Dash S. P. , Sharma S. , Min B. C.
Published: October 2012

Review: 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetism in Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Nealon Gareth L. , Donnio Bertrand , Greget Romain , Kappler Jean‐Paul , Terazzi Emmanuel , Gallani Jean‐Louis
Published: October 2012

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Noise Sources in Magnetic Tunnel Junction Sensors
Authors: Lei Z. Q. , Li G. J. , Egelhoff, William F. Jr. , Lai P. T. , Pong Philip W. T.
Published: October 2012

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Monte Carlo Simulation for the Spin Transport in Magnetic Thin Films
Authors: Akabli K. , Diep H. T.
Published: October 2012

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnon Mono‐Mode Namometric Filters in Cluster Chains
Authors: Al‐Wahsh H. , Akjouj A. , Djafari‐Rouhani B. , Dobrzynski L.
Published: October 2012

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modulated Multipolar Structures on Geometrically Frustated Lattices
Authors: Vedmedenko E. Y.
Published: October 2012

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyrotaxane Metal—Organic Frameworks (PMOFs)
Authors: Yang Jin , Ma Jian‐Fang , Batten Stuart R.
Published: October 2012

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleotide and Polynucleotides
Authors: Migaud Marie
Published: October 2012

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Saxitoxins
Authors: Iwamoto Osamu , Akimoto Takafumi , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: October 2012

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrogenative Bond‐Forming Catalysis Involving Phosphines: Updated Through 2010
Authors: Waterman Rory
Published: October 2012

Review: 178 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallosupramolecular Amphiphilic π‐Systems
Authors: Mayoral Munoz Maria Jose , Fernandez Gustavo
Published: October 2012

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral, Antitumor Activities of Fluorinated Sugar Nucleosides
Authors: Zheng Feng , Qiu Xiao‐Long , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: October 2012

Review: 171 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Click Chemical Reactions: An Emerging Approach and Its Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Somani Rakesh R. , Sabnis Amruta A. , Vaidya Amruta V.
Published: October 2012

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound and Hydrophobic Interactions in Solutions
Authors: Tuulmets Ants , Salmar Siim , Jarv Jaak
Published: October 2012

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Developing Advanced Catalysts for the Conversion of Polyolefinic Waste Plastics into Fuels and Chemicals
Authors: Serrano D. P. , Aguado J. , Escola J. M.
Published: October 2012

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Introduction to Organometallic Complexes in Fluorescence Cell Imaging: Current Applications and Future Prospects
Authors: Thorp‐Greenwood Flora L.
Published: October 2012

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Complexes for SPECT Imaging and/or Radionuclide Therapy
Authors: Morais Goreti Ribeiro , Paulo Antonio , Santos Isabel
Published: October 2012

Review: 245 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gas Phase Chemistry of Neutral Metal Clusters: Distribution, Reactivity and Catalysis
Authors: Yin Shi , Bernstein Elliot R.
Published: October 2012

Review: 183 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ion Chemistry in Space
Authors: Larsson M. , Geppert W. D. , Nyman G.
Published: October 2012

Review: 827 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quadrupolar Metal Nuclides in Bioinorganic Chemistry: Solid‐State NMR Studies
Authors: Lipton Andrew S. , Polenova Tatyana , Ellis Paul D.
Published: October 2012

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Probe Development for Biosolids NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Gor'kov Peter L. , Brey William W. , Long Joanna R.
Published: October 2012

Review: 62 refs.
The Discovery of Stereoselectivity at Biological Receptors: Arnaldo Piutti and the Taste of the Asparagine Enantiomers—History and Analysis on the 125th Anniversary
Authors: Gal Joseph
Published: October 2012

In 1886, Italian chemist Arnaldo Piutti isolated, for the first time, d‐asparagine, the enantiomer of the known l‐asparagine. He obtained 100 g of d‐asparagine from 6500 kg of vetches. Using an ingenious synthetic scheme, Piutti established the chemical structure of asparagine and demonstrated that his isolation of d‐asparagine from plants was not the result of the racemization of l‐asparagine during the extraction procedure. He found a striking difference in the taste of asparagine: l‐asparagine was without taste, while d‐asparagine was intensely sweet. This was the first example of enantioselectivity in a receptor‐mediated biological activity. Receptors constitute one of the most important and most intensively studied phenomena in biology, and enantioselectivity in receptor‐mediated activity, including at the sweetness receptor, is today an important and commonly seen aspect of receptor function. Therefore, Piutti's discovery, although made ca. 15 years before the emergence of the receptor concept, was a milestone. The publication of Piutti's asparagine work prompted several eminent scientists, including Louis Pasteur and Arthur Cushny, a leading pharmacologist of the time, to remark on the importance of the discovery. Piutti also carried out investigations in many other fields, e.g., other organic compounds and reactions, pharmaceuticals, alimentary products, radioactivity, noble gases, and spectroscopy. Considerable progress has been made in recent decades concerning the biology and chemistry of sweet taste, but the details of the interactions of chiral molecules with the sweetness receptor remain poorly understood. Piutti and his discovery are largely forgotten today; they deserve the attention of the chirality and receptor “communities.” Chirality 24:959–976, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics of fluid flow and heat transfer in homogeneous porous media
Authors: Sajjadi M. , Azaiez J.
Published: October 2012

Non‐isothermal miscible viscous flow in homogeneous porous media is studied through nonlinear simulation of the process and analysis of breakthrough efficiency. The main focus is on the effect of heat exchange between the displacing fluid and the solid matrix on the resulting instability. Higher diffusion rate of heat in the fluids reduces the effect of lagging between the fronts due to heat exchange. Hence, sweep efficiency of the injected solvent is less sensitive to thermal lag coefficient as the diffusion ratio increases. Variation of heat sweep efficiency with thermal lag coefficient and thermal log mobility ratio has been analysed as well. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Compression of spectral data using Box‐Cox transformation
Authors: Rayat Arash , Amirshahi Seyed Hossein , Agahian Farnaz
Published: October 2012

The principal component analysis technique is used for the compression of different spectral databases including the reflectance spectra of nonfluorescent surfaces as well as the spiky spectra of the total radiance factors of fluorescent samples. Before extraction of principal directions, the Box‐Cox transformation technique is used in its original as well as modified version to improve the efficiency of employed compression technique by increasing the degree of normality in the datasets. The employed techniques are evaluated in terms of spectral dissimilarity between the reconstructed and the actual spectra and colorimetric differences by the value of CIELAB color differences of them under D65 and A illuminants and 1964 standard observer. The datasets departures from normal distribution are also investigated. The results confirm the effectiveness of the Box‐Cox modification technique for the reducing of spectral dimensions of samples. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 136–142, 2014
Reducing thread divergence in a GPU‐accelerated branch‐and‐bound algorithm
Authors: Chakroun I. , Mezmaz M. , Melab N. , Bendjoudi A.
Published: October 2012

In this paper, we address the design and implementation of graphical processing unit (GPU)‐accelerated branch‐and‐bound algorithms (B&B) for solving flow‐shop scheduling optimization problems (FSP). Such applications are CPU‐time consuming and highly irregular. On the other hand, GPUs are massively multithreaded accelerators using the single instruction multiple data model at execution. A major issue that arises when executing on GPU, a B&B applied to FSP is thread or branch divergence. Such divergence is caused by the lower bound function of FSP that contains many irregular loops and conditional instructions. Our challenge is therefore to revisit the design and implementation of B&B applied to FSP dealing with thread divergence. Extensive experiments of the proposed approach have been carried out on well‐known FSP benchmarks using an Nvidia Tesla (C2050 GPU card (http://www.nvidia.com/docs/IO/43395/NV_DS_Tesla_C2050_C2070_jul10_lores.pdf)). Compared with a CPU‐based execution, accelerations up to × 77.46 are achieved for large problem instances. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Philopatry drives genetic differentiation in an island archipelago: comparative population genetics of Galapagos Nazca boobies (Sula granti) and great frigatebirds (Fregata minor)
Authors: Levin Iris I. , Parker Patricia G.
Published: October 2012

Seabirds are considered highly mobile, able to fly great distances with few apparent barriers to dispersal. However, it is often the case that seabird populations exhibit strong population genetic structure despite their potential vagility. Here we show that Galapagos Nazca booby (Sula granti) populations are substantially differentiated, even within the small geographic scale of this archipelago. On the other hand, Galapagos great frigatebird (Fregata minor) populations do not show any genetic structure. We characterized the genetic differentiation by sampling five colonies of both species in the Galapagos archipelago and analyzing eight microsatellite loci and three mitochondrial genes. Using an F‐statistic approach on the multilocus data, we found significant differentiation between nearly all island pairs of Nazca booby populations and a Bayesian clustering analysis provided support for three distinct genetic clusters. Mitochondrial DNA showed less differentiation of Nazca booby colonies; only Nazca boobies from the island of Darwin were significantly differentiated from individuals throughout the rest of the archipelago. Great frigatebird populations showed little to no evidence for genetic differentiation at the same scale. Only two island pairs (Darwin – Wolf, N. Seymour – Wolf) were significantly differentiated using the multilocus data, and only two island pairs had statistically significant φST values (N. Seymour – Darwin, N. Seymour – Wolf) according to the mitochondrial data. There was no significant pattern of isolation by distance for either species calculated using both markers. Seven of the ten Nazca booby migration rates calculated between island pairs were in the south or southeast to north or northwest direction. The population differentiation found among Galapagos Nazca booby colonies, but not great frigatebird colonies, is most likely due to differences in natal and breeding philopatry.
A fecundity cost of (walking) mobility in an insect
Authors: Samietz Jörg , Köhler Günter
Published: October 2012

Evolutionary theory predicts trade‐offs between fecundity and mobility, but there is substantial lack of empirical evidence if and how basic mobility relates to fitness costs. In a field experiment, we investigated fecundity costs of mobility in a non‐migratory, wing‐monomorphic grasshopper,Stenobothrus lineatus, and at the same time tested for possible effects of reproductive state (egg‐load) on the mobility. For 10 days, body weight and activity radius of 60 females were recorded daily and oviposition events were inferred from abrupt weight losses. We found a strong and significant relationship between the individual mobility and the time between egg pods laid (interpod period). Individual egg‐laying was reduced by a rate of 0.36 eggs per day with each meter increase in mean daily activity radius. The trade‐off was not biased by the size of the females, that is, constitution did not positively influence both offspring number and mobility. Egg‐load had no significant influence on the individual distances travelled. We could demonstrate that mobility – as induced and selected for by foraging, thermoregulation, predator escape, shelter seeking, and reproduction – can be directly paid off by fecundity. This direct consequence of mobility on individual fitness was detected for the first time in a walking insect.
Six decades of changes in the riparian corridor of a Mediterranean river: a synthetic analysis based on historical data sources
Authors: Garófano‐Gómez V. , Martínez‐Capel F. , Bertoldi W. , Gurnell A. , Estornell J. , Segura‐Beltrán F.
Published: October 2012

Riparian corridors in semi‐arid Mediterranean environments are ecosystems of high biodiversity and complexity. However, they are threatened because of high levels of human intervention. River damming and related flow manipulation is considered as one of the most prominent human impacts on riparian corridors. This study combines historical time series information on river flows and their human manipulation, historical aerial images depicting changes in riparian land cover and ground observations of the species – age composition and morphology of the riparian corridor of a Mediterranean river (the Mijares River, Eastern Spain) over the last 60 years. In this sense, we explored how to integrate information from a wide variety of data sources, and we extracted a variety of indices and undertook analyses that identified and summarized spatio‐temporal changes in riparian structure and in the driving flow processes. Results revealed an increase in the cover and density of woody vegetation and a decrease in bare sediment areas (essential for recruitment of riparian pioneer species), with a synchronous reduction in the complexity of the riparian corridor of the middle reaches of the Mijares River. These vegetation changes have accompanied a decrease in the magnitude and variability of river flows over the last six decades, with higher severity since dam closure. This study illustrates the effectiveness of combining disparate historical data sources and the effectiveness of processing these sources to extract informative metrics that can improve the understanding and management of riparian systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of refined olive oil by enrichment with chlorophyll pigments extracted from Chemlali olive leaves
Authors: Jaber Hazem , Ayadi Mohamed , Makni Jamel , Rigane Ghayth , Sayadi Sami , Bouaziz Mohamed
Published: October 2012

This paper presents the first investigation on the effect of enrichment refined olive oil by chlorophyll pigment extracted from Chemlali olive leaves during storage (6 months). The changes that occurred in the quality indices, fatty acids, sterol, and phenolic content were investigated during the storage of refined olive oil under RT (20°C) and accelerated conditions (50°C) in the dark. Additionally, the pigments (chlorophyll and carotene) changes during 6 months of oil storage were evaluated. At the end of the storage, more than 90% of chlorophyll pigments decomposed in all samples, while, carotene pigment loss was lower showing up to 60 and 85% loss for oil stored at 20 and 50°C, respectively, at the end of storage. The reduction of total phenolic compounds exhibited similar degradation profiles, being reduced by 5% and up to 60% for the enriched refined olive oil stored at 20 and 50°C in 6 months, respectively. In the fatty acid composition, an increase in oleic acid and a decrease in linoleic and linolenic acids were less significant in enriched than non‐enriched refined olive oil. On the other hand, sterol composition was less affected by storage in enriched oil samples. However, the sterol concentration of the oil samples showed an increase in β‐sitosterol, 24‐methylene cholesterol, stigmasterol, and a decrease in cholesterol, Δ5, 24‐stigmastadienol percentage at the end of storage. Based on the Rancimat method, the oils with added leaf pigment extract had the lowest peroxide value and the highest stability. After 6 months of storage, the oxidative resistance of refined olive oil fell to 0.2 and to zero for enriched refined olive oil stored at 20 and 50°C, respectively.
L‐Proline‐Catalyzed Activation of Methyl Ketones or Active Methylene Compounds and DMF‐DMA for Syntheses of (2E)‐3‐Dimethylamino‐2‐ propen‐1‐ones
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Kommi Damodara N. , Chopra Pradeep , Ansari Md Imam , Chakraborti Asit K.
Published: October 2012

A cascade organocatalysis is reported for the nucleophilic and electrophilic dual activation taking place in the reaction of methyl ketones or active methylene compounds with DMF‐DMA (N,N‐dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal). L‐Proline serves as an efficient organocatalyst in the covalent and noncovalent synchronous mode for the ambiphilic activation of various aryl, heteroaryl, and styryl methyl ketones, cyclic ketones, and 1,3‐diketones with DMF‐DMA to achieve the convenient syntheses of the versatile synthons (2E)‐1‐aryl/heteroaryl/styryl‐3‐(dimethylamino)‐2‐propen‐1‐ones, (E)‐α‐[(dimethylamino)formylidene]cycloalkanones, and (E)‐2‐(dimethylamino)formylidene‐1,3‐diketones in high yields under solvent‐free conditions.
Reduced feedback load using user selection algorithms for the multiuser multi‐input single‐output systems
Authors: Khanfir Hajer , Ruyet Didier Le , Özbek Berna
Published: October 2012

For wireless multiuser multi‐input single‐output communication systems with adaptive scheduling and precoding, the users have to feed back their channel state information. However, the amount of feedback data increases with the number of users and the number of transmit antennas. In this paper, we propose a criterion based on the orthogonality between the users’ channels to reduce this uplink load. Without cooperation between the users, we only allow users that are semi‐orthogonal to feed back their quantized channel information to the base station. We propose a lower bound on the sum rate for the proposed criterion. We show that the performance is almost independent of the number of quantized channel quality information and only channel direction information is important at the transmitter. Then, we consider a noisy feedback channel and propose an algorithm to reduce the noise effect on the analogue feedback.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rats use hippocampus to recognize positions of objects located in an inaccessible space
Authors: Levcik D. , Nekovarova T. , Stuchlik A. , Klement D.
Published: October 2012

Rat hippocampus plays a crucial role in many spatial tasks, including recognition of position of objects, which can be approached and explored. Whether hippocampus is also necessary for recognizing positions of objects located in an inaccessible part of the environment remains unclear. To address this question, we conditioned rats to press a lever when an object displayed on a distant computer screen was in a particular position (“reward position”) and not to press the lever when the object was in other positions (“nonreward positions”). After the rats had reached an asymptotic performance, the role of the dorsal hippocampus was assessed by blocking its activity with muscimol. The rats without functional dorsal hippocampus did not discriminate the reward position from the nonreward positions. Then the same rats were trained to discriminate light and dark conditions. The hippocampal inactivation did not disrupt the ability to discriminate these two conditions. It indicated that the inactivation itself had no major effect on the operant behavior and its control by visual stimuli. We conclude that rats use dorsal hippocampus for recognizing positions of objects located in an inaccessible part of the environment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of the dentate gyrus in the formation of contextual representations
Authors: Morris Andrea M. , Weeden Christy S. , Churchwell John C. , Kesner Raymond P.
Published: October 2012

The hippocampus is involved in encoding and integrating contextual information. Recently, it has been suggested that the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG) hippocampal subregion may mediate the formation of contextual representations of the spatial environment through a conjunctive encoding process whereby incoming multimodal information is integrated into a single higher‐order representation. Despite anatomical evidence in support of this claim, behavioral evidence is limited. Therefore, a contextual associative learning paradigm was used to determine whether the dDG supports the formation of integrated contextual representations. Male Long‐Evans rats were randomly assigned as controls or to receive bilateral intracranial infusions of colchicine into the dDG. Following recovery from surgery, each rat was tested on an appetitive task that required animals to form an association between a cue (odor) and a context to receive a food reward. Each rat received 10 trials per day and was tested for 10 consecutive days. Upon completion of testing, animals were tested on an additional two‐choice olfactory and contextual discrimination task. The testing order was counterbalanced across animals. Results showed that control animals successfully acquired the contextual associative learning task for olfactory stimuli as indicated by improved performance across the 10 testing days. In contrast, animals with dDG lesions were impaired in the ability to acquire the odor‐context associations. Results from follow‐up odor and context discrimination tests indicated that both groups acquired the discriminations at similar rates. Therefore, it is unlikely that deficits in performance on the contextual associative learning task were due to an inability to discriminate between odors or contexts. The present findings provide further support for DG involvement in the formation of conjunctive contextual representations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic coding of dorsal hippocampal neurons between tasks that differ in structure and memory demand
Authors: Hallock Henry L. , Griffin Amy L.
Published: October 2012

Hippocampal place fields show remapping between environments that contain sufficiently different contextual features, a phenomenon that may reflect a mechanism for episodic memory formation. Previous studies have shown that place fields remap to changes in the configuration of visual landmarks in an environment. Other experiments have demonstrated that remapping can occur with experience, even when the visual features of an environment remain stable. A special case of remapping may be trajectory coding, the tendency for hippocampal neurons to exhibit different firing rates depending upon recently visited or upcoming spatial locations. To further delineate the conditions under which different task features elicit remapping, we recorded from place cells in dorsal CA1 of hippocampus while rats switched between tasks that differed in memory demand and task structure; continuous spatial alternation (CA), delayed spatial alternation (DA), and tactile‐visual conditional discrimination (CD). Individual hippocampal neurons and populations of simultaneously recorded neurons showed coherent remapping between CA and CD. However, task remapping was rarely seen between DA and CD. Analysis of individual units revealed that even though the population retained a coherent representation of task structure across the DA and CD tasks, the majority of individual neurons consistently remapped at some point during recording sessions. In contrast with previous studies, trajectory coding on the stem of the T‐maze was virtually absent during all of the tasks, suggesting that experience with multiple tasks in the same environment reduces the likelihood that hippocampal neurons will represent distinct trajectories. Trajectory coding was, however, observed during the delay period of DA. Whether place fields change in response to task or trial type or remain stable within the same environment may depend on which aspects of the context are most salient or relevant to behavior. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploiting FOXM1‐orchestrated molecular network for early squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Teh Muy‐Teck , Hutchison Iain L. , Costea Daniela Elena , Neppelberg Evelyn , Liavaag Per Gunnar , Purdie Karin , Harwood Catherine , Wan Hong , Odell Edward W. , Hackshaw Allan , Waseem Ahmad
Published: October 2012

Histopathological discordance with molecular phenotype of many human cancers poses clinically challenging tasks for accurate cancer diagnosis, which impacts on treatment strategy and patient outcome. Hence, an objective, accurate and quantitative method is needed. A quantitative Malignancy Index Diagnostic System (qMIDS) was developed based on 14 FOXM1 (isoform B)‐associated genes implicated in the regulation of the cell cycle, differentiation, ageing, genomic stability, epigenetic and stem cell renewal, and two reference genes. Their mRNA expression levels were translated via a prospectively designed algorithm, into a metric scoring system. Subjects from UK and Norway (n = 299) provided 359 head and neck tissue specimens. Diagnostic test performance was assessed using detection rate (DR) and false‐positive rate (FPR). The median qMIDS scores were 1.3, 2.9 and 6.7 in healthy tissue, dysplasia and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), respectively (UK prospective dataset, p<0.001); 1.4, 2.3 and 7.6 in unaffected, oral lichen planus, or HNSCC, respectively (Norwegian retrospective dataset with up to 19 years survival data, p<0.001). At a qMIDS cut‐off of 4.0, DR was 94% and FPR was 3.2% (Norwegian dataset); and DR was 91% and FPR was 1.3% (UK dataset). We further demonstrated the transferability of qMIDS for diagnosing premalignant human vulva (n = 58) and skin (n = 21) SCCs, illustrating its potential clinical use for other cancer types. This study provided evidence that qMIDS was able to quantitatively diagnose and objectively stratify cancer aggressiveness. With further validation, qMIDS could enable early HNSCC detection and guide appropriate treatment. Early treatment intervention can lead to long‐term reduction in healthcare costs and improve patient outcome.
Circulating interleukin‐6 level is a prognostic marker for survival in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy
Authors: Chang Chin Hao , Hsiao Chin Fu , Yeh Yu Min , Chang Gee Chen , Tsai Ying Huang , Chen Yuh Min , Huang Ming Shyan , Chen Hui Ling , Li Yao Jen , Yang Pan Chyr , Chen Chien Jen , Hsiung Chao A. , Su Wu Chou
Published: October 2012

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide as well as in Taiwan. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a multifunctional cytokine and has been implicated in tumor progression. This study recruited 245 patients with advanced (Stage 3B/4) nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that had received chemotherapy, to evaluate associations between IL‐6 and lung cancer‐specific survival. Among these subjects, 112 gave blood samples before and 133 after the start of chemotherapy. Plasma IL‐6 was measured using an enzyme linked‐immunosorbent assay. The 33rd and 66th percentiles of IL‐6 concentrations were 2.01 and 25.16 for the 245 patients and were defined as the cutoff points for dividing the patients into low, intermediate and high groups. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional‐hazard models were used to evaluate the relationship between the IL‐6 level and survival time. Results after adjusting for age, sex, smoking history, histologic type and stage of lung cancer revealed a significant relationship. For all patients, the hazard ratio with high IL‐6 levels for lung cancer‐specific survival was 2.10 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.49 − 2.96] compared with low IL‐6 levels. The hazard ratio for patients who were recruited before and after the start of chemotherapy was1.25 (95% CI = 0.73 − 2.13) and 3.66 (95% CI = 2.18 − 6.15), respectively. Patients with high circulating IL‐6 also responded poorly to chemotherapy. Therefore, a high level of circulating IL‐6 was associated with an inferior response and survival outcome in NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy.
Conditions that Create Therapeutic Connection: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Dollarhide Colette T. , Shavers Marjorie C. , Baker Caroline A. , Dagg David R. , Taylor Demetra T.
Published: October 2012

In this phenomenological study, counselor and client participants (N = 14) described the conditions that fostered meaningful therapeutic connections. Among all participants, consistent descriptors appeared that were rigorously synthesized into a detailed depiction of therapeutic contact.
A Study of Clinical Supervision Techniques and Training in Substance Abuse Treatment
Authors: West Paul L. , Hamm Terri
Published: October 2012

Data from 57 clinical supervisors in licensed substance abuse treatment programs indicate that 28% had completed formal graduate course work in clinical supervision and 33% were professionally licensed or certified. Findings raise concerns about the scope and quality of clinical supervision available to substance abuse counselors.
Assessing Counseling Students' Attitudes Regarding Substance Abuse and Treatment
Authors: Chasek Christine L. , Jorgensen Maribeth , Maxson Thomas
Published: October 2012

Undergraduate counselors‐in‐training completed the Substance Abuse Attitude Survey, which measures treatment intervention, treatment optimism, and nonstereotypical attitudes. Treatment optimism was positively correlated with nonstereotypical attitudes and treatment intervention. Results indicated that treatment intervention and nonstereotypical attitudes must be addressed in addiction counseling courses.
Normalizing effect of SJSZ glycoprotein (38 kDa) on proliferating cell nuclear antigen and interferon‐γ in diethylnitrosamine‐induced mice splenocytes
Authors: Lee Jin , Lim Kye‐Taek
Published: October 2012

One of the immunosuppressive responses when hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in mammals is defective proliferation in the spleen. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of the Styrax japonica Siebold et al. Zuccarini (SJSZ) glycoprotein on the proliferation of splenocytes induced by diethlynitrosamine (DEN). To assess whether the SJSZ glycoprotein modulates splenocyte proliferation, Balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with DEN (50 mg/kg, BW) for 7 weeks. After 7 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and spleens were isolated. We evaluated [3H]‐thymidine incorporation, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), cell cycle‐related factors [p53, p21, p27, cyclin D1/cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4], proliferating cell nuclear antigen and interferon (IFN)‐γ using radiation activity, immunoblot analysis, and the reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that the SJSZ glycoprotein (10 mg/kg, BW) increased [3H]‐thymidine incorporation, ERK phosphorylation, expression levels of cyclin D1/cyclin dependent kinase 4, and IFN‐γ. However, the SJSZ glycoprotein decreased levels of p53, p21, and p27. Taken together, these results suggest that the SJSZ glycoprotein inhibited defective splenocyte proliferation induced by DEN. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 808–815, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.