bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of active acromegaly on bone mRNA and microRNA expression patterns
Authors: Belaya Zhanna , Grebennikova Tatiana , Melnichenko Galina , Nikitin Alexey , Solodovnikov Alexander , Brovkina Olga , Grigoriev Andrey , Rozhinskaya Liudmila , Lutsenko Alexander , Dedov Ivan
Published: January 2018

Objective

To evaluate the response of bone to chronic long-term growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) excess by measuring the expression of selected mRNA and microRNA (miR) in bone tissue samples of patients with active acromegaly.

Design

Case–control study.

Methods

Bone tissue samples were obtained during transsphenoidal adenomectomy from the sphenoid bone (sella turcica) from 14 patients with clinically and biochemically confirmed acromegaly and 10 patients with clinically non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) matched by sex and age. Expression of genes involved in the regulation of bone remodeling was studied using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results

Of the genes involved in osteoblast and osteoclast activity, only alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA was 50% downregulated in patients with acromegaly. GH excess caused increased expression of the Wnt signaling antagonists (DKK1)and agonists (WNT10B)and changes in the levels of miR involved in mesenchymal stem cell commitment to chondrocytes (miR-199a-5p) or adipocytes (miR-27-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-188-3p)P < 0.05;q < 0.1. Relevant compensatory mechanisms were found through the changes in miR involved in osteoblastogenesis (miR-210-5p, miR-135a-5p, miR-211, miR-23a-3p, miR-204-5p), but the expression of TWIST1 was 50% downregulated and RUNX2 was unchanged.

Conclusions

Acromegaly had minimal effects on tested mRNAs specific to osteoblast or osteoclast function except for downregulated ALP expression. The expressions of miR known to be involved in mesenchymal stem cell commitment and downregulated TWIST1 expression suggest acromegaly has a negative effect on osteoblastogenesis.
The role of tight junction proteins in ovarian follicular development and ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhang Lingna , Feng Tao , Spicer Leon J
Published: January 2018

Tight junctions (TJ) are protein structures that control the transport of water, ions and macromolecules across cell layers. Functions of the transmembrane TJ protein, occluding (OCLN) and the cytoplasmic TJ proteins, tight junction protein 1 (TJP1; also known as zona occludens protein-1), cingulin (CGN) and claudins (CLDN) are reviewed, and current evidence of their role in the ovarian function is reviewed. Abundance ofOCLN,CLDNsandTJP1mRNA changed during follicular growth.In vitrotreatment with various growth factors known to affect ovarian folliculogenesis indicated thatCGN,OCLNandTJP1are hormonally regulated. The summarized studies indicate that expression of TJ proteins (i.e.,OCLN,CLDN,TJP1andCGN) changes with follicle size in a variety of vertebrate species but whether these changes in TJ proteins are increased or decreased depends on species and cell type. Evidence indicates that autocrine, paracrine and endocrine regulators, such as fibroblast growth factor-9, epidermal growth factor, androgens, tumor necrosis factor-α and glucocorticoids may modulate these TJ proteins. Additional evidence presented indicates that TJ proteins may be involved in ovarian cancer development in addition to normal follicular and luteal development. A model is proposed suggesting that hormonal downregulation of TJ proteins during ovarian follicular development could reduce barrier function (i.e., selective permeability of molecules between theca and granulosa cells) and allow for an increase in the volume of follicular fluid as well as allow additional serum factors into the follicle that may directly impact granulosa cell functions.
Taxonomic diversity of benthic invertebrates of the Moskva River in the Moscow area: diversity and distribution
Authors: Marin I. N. , Matsyura A. V.
Published: January 2018

Biological diversity and distribution of benthic invertebrates in the Moskva River within the frames of Moscow are studied. Totally, 72 invertebrate taxa were found including 8 invasive species with amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing, 1899), an invader from the Lake Baikal. A number of observed species are characterized with high abundance and biomass while most of observed taxa are represented by a small number of individuals. The greatest species diversity was revealed for insect larvae, mainly due to Chironomidae. The main species on the investigated section of the river are various crustaceans, mainly amphipods and decapods (when present in samples) showing more than 70-90% of all biomass of zoobenthos at all stations (sites). Multivariate cluster analysis allowed concluding that bottom communities in Moskva River, the degree of their quantitative development, species richness and diversity are mainly influenced by the structure of bottom substrates rather than other factors. The most diverse benthic communities are presented on silty bottom with mixture of shells of mollusks and plant remains. The lowest diversity of benthic communities is characteristic for sites with relatively strong water and well washed sand as the main bottom substrate. Obtained data starts annual monitoring of the river at indicated stations using biological indicators, namely native amphipod Gammarus lacustris and invasive G. fasciatus.
Морфологические особенности пыльцы «ведьминых мётел» мутационного типа у сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Authors: Yamburov M. S. , Romanova S. B. , Prokopyev A. S.
Published: January 2018

The comparative study results of pollen morphology of the mutational witches’ brooms and the normal part of the tree crown in Scots pine are presented. There is a decrease of pollen grains size, especially the sacci, in witches’ brooms. The witches’ brooms with more intensive branching have more expressive changes. Also, the witches’ brooms have more abnormal pollen grains. The data on the occurrence about 10 anomalous morphotypes of pollen grains are reported, most of that are related to the abnormal development of succi: different size of sacci, deformed sacci, reduced sacci, fused sacci, additional sacci, compress sacci, lack of one or both sacci. A high percentage of anomalies in the sacci development may be associated with less developed reticular sculpture of ectexine in witches’ brooms pollen.
GIS Modeling of Climate Change Impact on Saffron Water Requirement (the case of Ardabil Province)
Authors: Ashrafi Vahid
Published: January 2018

In recent decades, climate change in Iran has led to the introduction of specific plants that have less water requirement than policymakers. Saffron cultivation has a long history in Iran and saffron was ranked as one of these figures on the agenda of policymakers. Here we presented the evaluation of Climate Change Impact on Saffron Water Requirement by GIS Modeling in Ardabil Provincel. We spot periods 1992-2017 and 2017-2040 as base and future period, respectively. For CCCSN, the data from five global climate models (GCMs) from the CGCM3T47 archive were selected that cover three ‘Representative Concentration Pathways’ (RCPs) scenarios. Potential evapotranspiration is estimated by Torrent White method. The accuracy of models at base period was determined by evaluation criteria, such as the RMSE, R2. Results showed that accuracy of CGCM3T47 model on A1B scenario was higher than other AOGCM models which used on base term. Also, it illustrated that water requirement will rise in all capable regions of state on 2040. In universal, average of addition of water requirement is 67, where in Germi, capital of state, we will have maximum variations by 95 mm ascension for the year 2040. Also, pole of production saffron in state, Bilasvar will have 40 mm ascension in saffron water requirement. Mean water requirement of saffron will be constantly increasing. In the meanwhile, the index of 425.52 mm for the year 2017 to 487.61 mm for the year 2040 were performed.
Популяционная изменчивость Stipa capillata L. на территории Алтайского края
Authors: Gudkova P. D. , Olonova M. V. , Romanets R. S. , Boyko I. Yu.
Published: January 2018

The genus Stipa in the Altai territory is represented by 12 species (Lomonosova, 2003, Silanteva, 2013, Gudkova et al., 2015). Stipacapillata L., which belongs to the Leiostipa Dumor. section, is one of the most widespread species of this genus. Besides S. capillata, two more species of this section – S. praecapillata Alech. and S. Baicalensis Roshev. occur on the territory of the region. However, they both have a very limited distribution: the first is represented by single finds in Klyuchevsky, Kuryinsky, Pospelikhinsky and Rubtsovsky districts of Altay, and the latter one occurs only in Charyshsky district. Thus, in the territory of the region there is a unique opportunity to study the population variability of S. capillata, as in other regions it often grows together with closely related species and hybridizes with them (in the west with S. sareptana A. Beck., and S. praecapillata Alech., and in the south and east - with S. grandis P. Smirn, S. krylovii Roshev and S. baicalensis.
The problem of the volume and boundaries of S. capillata L. is caused by its wide distribution from Spain to Yakutia and high polymorphism. Many authors accepted the different limits of variability in the characteristics of S. capillata, which makes it difficult to define this taxon, for instance, in almost all the floristic revisions the authors suggest, that the node of generative shoot is hidden by the leaf sheathes because of the leaf sheath is longer than the internode, and only N.N. Tsvelev (Tzvelev, 1976) and H. Freitag (Freitag, 1985) admit that a node within this species can be exposed. The purpose of our study was to research the population variability of S. capillata on the territory of the Altai in order to specify the limits of its features variation. 242 individuals of S. capillata belonging to 11 populations were involved in the analysis. The paper presents the result of statistical analysis by 26 quantitative and 2 qualitative features. A description of the lemma ultrastructure is also given. On the basis of the analysis, a refined morphological description of the species is given and the limits of variability of characteristics are indicated. It has also been established that some individuals with trichomes up to 0.15 mm on the tip of lemma, as well as individuals with closed nodes can be found within S. capillata species. It rejects the morphological pattern, accepted for S. capillata earlier. Despite the significant broadening of the boundaries of the variability of the signs, morphological differentiation was not revealed. All objects included in the analysis form a single cluster and belong to one general population. Also, the article provides information on the ecologo-cenotic association and distribution of this species based on the revision of herbarium collections stored in AA, BM, E, GAT, K, KAS, KRA, KUZ, LE, M, MW, MHA, TK, NS, NSK, UPS.
Spore morphology of Haplopteris C. Presl species (Vittarioideae, Pteridaceae) from China
Authors: Vaganov A. V. , Gureyeva I. I. , Kuznetsov A. A. , Romanets R. S.
Published: January 2018

A comparative study of spores of four species of Haplopteris C. Presl, H. amboinensis (Fée) X.C. Zhang, H. forrestiana (Ching) E.H. Crane, H. linearifolia (Ching) X.C. Zhang, and H. mediosora (Hayata) X.C. Zhang, from China was performed using the method of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Spores of Haplopteris species are bilateral monolete ellipsoidal or ellipsoidal, but slightly narrowed in the middle. Perispore thin, easily breakable, smooth; exospore smooth, its surface is finely granulate or finely undulate (as seen at higher magnification). Haplopteris amboinensis have the largest spores (79.5×34.3×40.9 μм), H. mediosora – the smallest one 49.2×24.5×24.9 μм).
Effective factors in rural entrepreneurship development: A case study of villages in the central district of Bardaskan city
Authors: Ja’fari Hamid , Hoseinzadeh Mojtaba , Ahmadian Mohammad Ali
Published: January 2018

In the last few decades, entrepreneurship as a strategy in the development and prosperity of human societies has turned into an unmatched alternative through which all factors, resources and facilities of a society are spontaneously mobilized through being placed in an evolutionary process in order to achieve high social ideals so that they become the source of many positive socio-economic consequences. Considering the importance of rural settlements in the national and regional space, the main purpose of the present study is to investigate the factors influencing rural entrepreneurship development at the villages in the central district of Bardaskan city. This research is an applied study in terms of purpose and a descriptive-analytical study in terms of methodology. Data has been collected through questionnaire and field survey. The research statistical population comprised 22 villages with over 100 inhabitants in the central district of Bardaskan, In the present study, which with regard to the limited statistical population (number of villages including above 100 people), sampling was not performed and all the villages of this district were considered as the sample population. The population of these 22 villages in 2016 amounted to 10,331 people in the form of 3,636 households, which by calculating through the modified Cochran formula, 374 households were obtained. The number of questionnaires for each village was determined in proportion to the population of each village. Then, selection of households at the village level was done through simple random sampling method so that the principle of equal opportunity to choose households was observed. Its validity was approved based on the expert opinion through content and Delphi methods and its reliability was calculated and confirmed through study of the guidebook and using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (70%-85%). Finally, the collected data was analyzed in the SPSS software environment using one-sample sign test ‎‏and Friedman test. According to the results obtained from the one-sample sign test, it was found that factors of the existence of infrastructure facilities and services, government measures and support and the required capital supply with first to second priorities and an average of 4.65, standard deviation of 0.49 and significance level of 0.0001 are effective in entrepreneurship development in rural areas.
Effect of water treatment process on organochlorine pesticide residue levels in Ahvaz water treatment plant 2
Authors: Majd Saeed Samani , Rad Mohammad Hassan Rabie , Nazari Zahra , Behfar Abdolazim , Reissi Gholamreza , Amirpoor Roya , Dadfar Azita
Published: January 2018

One of the main hazards of human life and health is the presence of pesticides in the aquatic system is. The Karun River is the surface water source in the preparation of drinking water for the city of Ahvaz city at the Ahvaz Water Treatment Plant (AWTP) #2. This study was done in order to investigate the statue of qualification and the quantification of the contamination of water entering into (AWTP #2) by selected organochlorine pesticides [(α, β, γ, δ )HCH, heptachlor, alderin, dielderin, (op’ , pp’ ) DDT, (α, β) endosulfan and metoxychlor], plus the water treatment effects on these pesticide residues removal. For this purpose, one composite sample from each of the water treatment process steps was taken monthly which was comprised of 20 grab samples in 2008. Water samples were acidified to pH < 2, extracted three times with n-hexane, and concentrated using a rotary vacuum evaporator for Florisil column chromatography cleanup and fractioned by elution with three different solvent mixtures of petroleum and diethyl ether. Finally, the elutes were concentrated to dryness using rotary vacuum evaporator and then the residues were dissolved in hexane and analyzed by GC- μECD. All 12 investigated organochlorine pesticides were detected. Results of this study indicated that concentration of investigated pesticides decreased (according to the kind of pesticide) by 20% to 80% and the mean of total concentration was reduced by 49% during water treatment process steps. There was a significant positive correlation (r=97.75%) between variation in the concentration of poisons and the total organic matter (KMnO4 value).
Investigating the variables influencing the application of nonchemical pest control methods in cucumber greenhouses (case study: Pishva County)
Authors: Ahmadi Sarveh , Rasouli Mahdi , Darvishi Aziz
Published: January 2018

Scientific investigations indicate that the technology expansions and the increases in the uses of additives, pesticides, antibiotics and hormones in the production of foodstuff in the developing countries have been accompanied by adverse and undeniable effects on the humans’ health during the recent decades. The present study aims at investigating the variables influencing the application of nonchemical pest control methods in cucumber greenhouses in a case study of the conservatories in Pishva County. The study population included all the Pishva County greenhouse owners who had been solely raising cucumber in 2016 reaching in number to 87 greenhouse owners. According to the limited number of the study population, they were all selected as the study sample volume based on a census sampling method; out of the study population, 83 individuals were at hand. The study instrument was a questionnaire the validity of which was confirmed through inquiring ideas from the university professors and its reliability was also verified based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient within a 79% to 86% range. The results obtained for the collective effectiveness of the independent variables on the dependent variable through taking advantage of multiple regression tests signify that such variables as economic, informational and cognitive and promotional barriers have contributed to greenhouse owners’ lack of interest in making use of nonchemical pest control and plant disease management strategies.
Response of two halophyte plants (Nitraria schoberi and Halocnemum strobilaceum) to potassium sulfate under saline condition
Authors: Esmaeli Mohammadali , Dadkhah Nader , Pirdashti Hemmatollah , Sepanloo Mahdi Ghajar
Published: January 2018

Due to the desertification development and consequently the increase of saline lands in Iran, the use of resistant plants in such conditions to reduce its effects seems necessary. Hence, this study has tried to investigate the effect of potassium sulfate treatment on dry matter and Na and K content and physiological properties of foliar tissue of two halophyte species (Nitraria schoberi and Halocnemum strobilaceum) under different saline conditions. According to the results all studied parameters were significantly affected by plant species, potassium sulfate and NaCl treatments. Plant species and NaCl interaction and triple interaction showed significant effect on dry weight, sodium and potassium content of shoot and leaf chlorophyll content, also plant species and K2SO4 interaction has significantly effect on plant height and sodium, potassium and flavonoid content of shoots. High levels of K2SO4 treatment (135 Kg ha-1) significantly affected potassium content of N. schoberi in 100 and 200 mM NaCl treatments and increased its content more than 27 and 28% respectively compared with control. Also, application of K2SO4 affected accumulation of flavonoids in both plant but the response of N. schoberi still significant. According to the mean comparison, N. schoberi showed more than 12% scavenging activity than the H. strobilaceum. It seems that H. strobilaceum has strategies beyond the antioxidant capacity to adapt to the stressful environment condition, which are seemed much more efficient than increasing antioxidant capacity.
Investigation of the two-dimensional model of water flow in the Gorgan Bay under the influence of various hydrodynamic factors using Mike 21 software
Authors: Arasteh Afshin Mohseni , Dastdaran Majid , Morovvati Hossein , Azad Masoud Torabi , Lari Kamran
Published: January 2018

This research aims at studying the field and the nature of the flow pattern within the Gorgan Bay. The sandstone slabs of Miankaleh and Gorgan Bay openings under the hydrodynamic factors are constantly changing. Various factors such as wind, sea level fluctuations and flow are affected by this deformation.
In this paper, the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Gorgan Bay is presented using the Mike 21 hydrodynamic model software to calculate the flow velocity. Changes in water level at the only open boundary of the model (Ashuradeh - Turkmen port), Gulf primary water level, Meteorological parameters including precipitation, evaporation, wind speed and direction, time step, ambient heat exchange, and coefficient of roughness of the floor in the appropriate range to the model Applied. Using flow velocity data, the hydrodynamic model was accurately calibrated and verified. The results of the model state that the average direction of flow in a year in the Gorgan Bay is clockwise. The average water flow rate is 0.029 m/s, and the flow pattern calculated by the model is compared with the continuous measurements of flow through float tracking in two stages and the results are confirmed.
The role of organic farming in the formation of the harvest and the nutrition value of potatoes on unused arable lands and fallow lands of Altay Region (Western Siberia)
Authors: Durnikin D. A. , Voronkova O. Y. , Kundius V. A. , Petrova L. I.
Published: January 2018

In the article, a comprehensive evaluation of the role of organic farming in the formation of the crop and the nutritional value of perspective varieties cultivated within the climatic zone of Western Siberia is considered. The most favorable conditions for growing potatoes in the Altai Region of the Western Siberia are compared with other regions of Russia and those of foreign countries.
In the southern and southeastern regions of the Altai region, where the formation of tubers coincides with the hot period of the first half of summer, the high soil temperature negatively affects the eyes of the tubers. Therefore, the seed material here rapidly degenerates. To avoid this, summer potatoes are planted. Irrigation ensures high and stable potato yields irrespective of weather conditions. Moisture content of soil during the period from planting potatoes to shoots should be maintained at the level of 65-70 per cent, in the budding and flowering phases - of 75-85 per cent and during the period from the beginning of wilting of potato tops – of 60-65 per cent. The number of irrigations, their terms and standards, are determined by taking into account soil-climatic conditions, the phase of plant development and the application area of a crop.
The most effective irrigation method is sprinkling. The irrigation norm ranges from 500 to 800 m3 per hectare. On irrigated lands, plowing of potato fields is carried out necessarily with a soil cultivator, preventing the formation of a plow pan. Rows are located across the slope, or angle-wise. After watering space between rows are loosened (on heavy soils also before watering). During irrigation process it is necessary to apply higher quantities of organic and mineral fertilizers and to carry out a set of measures to control weeds, pests and diseases of potatoes.
Синергетическое действие пиретроидного инсектицида и энтомопатогенного гриба на Daphnia magna Straus
Authors: Noskov Yu. A. , Chertkova E. A. , Polenogova O. V. , Yaroslavtseva O. N.
Published: January 2018

The interaction between the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii and the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate on Daphnia magna Straus was investigated. A synergy in the mortality of daphnids was detected after simultaneous treatment with sub-lethal doses of the fungus (1×105 conidia/ml) and esfenvalerate (0.1 mkg/l). The defense strategies of daphnids infected by fungus and treated with esfenvalerate and untreated insects were compared to investigate the mechanisms of this synergy. Activity of enzymes of the detoxification system and concentration of dopamine were measured. We have shown changes in the activities of the enzymes and dopamine concentration of daphnids under combined treatment of esfenvalerate and fungus. Fungus enhanced activity of glutathione-S-transferase and non-specific esterase but did not affect the dopamine level. Esfenvalerate inhibited the activity of enzymes in the detoxification system and cause a rise in dopamine level. We assume that the suppression of the detoxification system may be one of the reasons of synergy between M. robertsii and esfenvalerate.
Prediction of prices in housing market with the correlation-regression methods
Authors: Ahmadov Miragha
Published: January 2018

In the present paper, the positive dynamics in activity in the construction sector and real estate market is analyzed and is noted that it is required to increase the amount of provided realtor services and the improvement of quality to consumers. We should note that the analyzes of the paper allow one to assess productive characteristics and closeness of relationships between various factors (the price per 1 m2 of residential real estate in the primary and secondary markets). Unfortunately, in the Republic of Azerbaijan offering the formation of such a mechanism is impossible. İn the real estate market often we meet inexperienced brokers and sometimes buying and selling operations are accompanied by the risks and losses, including speculative transactions. Of course, in our country, there is a need to establish a system that has been adapted to the characteristics of the local market and similar to the above-mentioned system. It should be noted that the level of real estate services market and its development, the characteristics of the national economy and improving its structure reflects the level of development. It is no coincidence that in the context of the realities of real estate market in many of developed countries the formation of a market economy and the deepening of economic relations are reviewed as important factors stimulating the development of other sectors of the national economy. Azerbaijan's real estate market would be advisable to use more advanced methods to study the experience of foreign countries in this field and it would be very useful to take serious steps to benefit from it.
Восстановление сообществ водных беспозвоночных в результате очистки донных отложений от нефти
Authors: Noskov Yu. A. , Vorobiev D. S.
Published: January 2018

Oil decontamination of water bodies is one of the most complex and time-consuming tasks in the field of liquidation of oil spills. The complexity of cleaning natural water bodies is associated with a dynamic water environment and a variety of oil transformation processes that occur in the water. The most advanced and developed are technologies and methods of collecting oil and oil products from the surface of water bodies. Economically acceptable and well-grounded technologies for oil decontamination of bottom sediments are presented in minimal quantities, and often are not applicable to natural water bodies. The technology for oil decontamination based on flotation has been developed and successfully applied on Lake Shchuch'ye in 2004–2005 and showed a positive result after two summer seasons of work. This article presents the results of aquatic ecosystems recoverу as a result of oil decontamination of bottom sediments. The issue of restoration of the aquatic ecosystem as a result of cleaning bottom sediments from oil after a considerable time interval has been studied. A comparison of the quantitative indices and species diversity of the zooplankton of Shchuch'ye Lake from 2004 to 2016 showed a clear tendency of increasing the abundance, biomass and species diversity of total zooplankton and Cladocera in particular. In 2016 the amount of zooplankton species of Shchuch’ye Lake reaches the number of species of the uncontaminated lake, using as a control. It was shown that the macrozoobenthic fauna of Shchuch'ye Lake is poorer in both the number of main ecological groups and in species diversity within certain groups characteristic than in the uncontaminated lake. Some groups were found in both lakes, but the species diversity of Lake Shchuchye was poorer. The exception was a group of leeches, which had a greater variety in Lake Shchuch'ye. The change in the oligochaetene complex to chironomid, both in numbers and in biomass, indicates an improvement in environmental conditions, since chironomids are more sensitive to the quality of the habitat. Chemical analysis of bottom sediments in 2016 revealed that the oil concentration did not exceed 0.9 mg / kg, which indicates the effectiveness of the oil decontamination technology of bottom sediments.
Melanin properties at the different stages towards life cycle of the fly Hermetia illucens
Authors: Ushakova N. A. , Dontsov A. E. , Sakina N. L. , Brodsky E. S. , Ratnikova I. A. , Gavrilova N. N. , Bastrakov A. I. , Kozlova A. A. , Nekrasov R. V.
Published: January 2018

Eumelanin type pigments are synthesized at all the stages of the life cycle of the fly Hermetia illucens: in the larvae, pre-pupae,
pupae and adult flies (dead flies). The greatest content of melanin was recorded in the cuticles. Melanin was present not only
in the cuticle, hence it remained in the cuticle after the emergence of the adult fly. It was also found in the insect body in a
complex with lipids. In pupae, it is mostly lauric acid that was associated with melanin. Its proportion in the melanin-chitosan
complex was 80%. The isolated melanin-chitosan complex of adult flies showed a wide range of antibacterial activity, inhibiting
the growth of 21 out of the 25 of the test cultures. The melanin-chitosan complex of empty pupal membranes and alcohol
suspension of pupal melanin inhibited twice as smaller number of test cultures and the above activity was absolutely in the
pupal chitosan. The largest zone of growth inhibition was recorded with respect to Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans,
salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus. An alcohol suspension of pupal melanin inhibited the growth of 10 test cultures. In this
case the greatest activity was shown in relation to Mycobacterium B5 and Acinetobacter sp. 1182.
Новые данные о Australobius magnus (Trotzina, 1894) (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae из Южного Казахстана
Authors: Dyachkov Yu. V.
Published: January 2018

Morphological characteristics and ecology data of the Australobius magnus (Trotzina, 1894) are summarized. Distribution map and list of synonyms are given. Order Lithobiomorpha, family Lithobiidae, genus Australobius and species Australobius magnus (Trotzina, 1894) are reported to the Jambyl Region of the Kazakhstan for the first time.
Первые данные о губоногих многоножках (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha; Lithobiomorpha) Катунского биосферного заповедника, Алтай
Authors: Dyachkov Yu. V.
Published: January 2018

Six species of Chilopoda are recorded for the Katunskiy State Nature Reserve for the first time: Lithobius (Monotarsobius) franciscorum Danyi & Tuf, 2012, L. (M.) insolens Dányi & Tuf, 2012, L. (Ezembius) proximus Sseliwanoff, 1880, Lithobius (E.) sibiricus Gerstfeldt, 1858, Escaryus koreanus Takakuwa, 1937, E. japonicus Attems, 1927.
Amphipod assemblage found on sublittoral hydroids in the White Sea with the special remarks to symbiotic association of stenothoid Metopa alderi with hydroid Tubularia larynx
Authors: Marin I. N. , Sinelnikov S. Yu.
Published: January 2018

Data on amphipod assemblage associated with sublittoral hydroids collected in the Kandalaksha Bay in the White Sea are presented in the paper. Eleven species of amphipods were found, among them only M. alderi (Stenothoidae) could be considered as specific symbionts for 3 species of sublittoral hydroid, namely H. falcate, S. mirabilis and T. larynx. Aquarium and in situ observation showed that adult females of M. alderi occupy hydrants and protect from other invading females, while males are moving between hydrants showing the absence of any strict territoriality. Probably, the species specifically associated with the habitat on the hydroids polyps allowing feed both on tissues of polyp/hydrant and catching floating particles. Females show no negative reaction to juveniles or males presenting on the same hydrants, and normally co-existed during all time of observations. The males during usually actively move inside the colony of hydroids T. larynx between hydrants and migrating to neighboring colonies showing no negative reaction to females or juvenile; they were numerously catch in plankton in September.
Екобіологічні загрози поширення видів роду Heracleum на території міста Кременця Тернопільської області
Authors: Mykhalyuk I. M. , Halahan O. K. , Duh O. I.
Published: January 2018

The article deals with the problem of the invasive species spread (Heracleum sosnowskyi and Heracleum mantegazzianum) which can constitute a significant threat to natural ecosystems, people and economy. The peculiarities of Heracleum distribution on the territory of Kremenets are revealed. As a result of the examination, 20 large colonies as well as about 35 single areas of Heracleum sosnowskyi and Heracleum mantegazzianum were found. The largest and the oldest habitats of Heracleum sosnowskyi and Heracleum mantegazzianum spreading were revealed on the territory of the WOG and AVIAS petrol stations and in the districts of the detour road. The total area occupied by the Heracleum in Kremenets constitutes 804 m2. The tendency to territory increase can be observed by 17.2% since 2010. Field studies describe 6 model places that represent the most widely distributed areas of Heracleum sosnowskyi and Heracleum mantegazzianum. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, the main habitats of distribution of invasive species were identified and mapping of their locations was performed. The main threats of uncontrolled spreading of dangerous plants were formulated. The most effective and safe methods of weed control were offered.
Californian red worm biomass increase and its cobalt accumulation under different concentrations of the metal in nutrient medium
Authors: Merzlov S. V. , Mashkin Y. O. , Merzlova G. V. , Vovkohon A. V.
Published: January 2018

Californian red worms hybrid biomass is a biologically valuable feed supplement for livestock, poultry and fish. The worm body contains a significant amount of protein, lipids, vitamins and minerals. The chemical composition of worms depends on the nutrient medium in which they were grown. Worms can accumulate minerals from the nutrient medium in the body which called forth conducting research on obtaining worms biomass enriched with Cobalt with the prospect of its further use in fish feeding.
It has been found out that the worms quantity and the mass increase depends on the content of Cobalt in the nutrient medium. Adding 20 mg / kg of Cobalt to the nutrient medium contributed to 38.0% and 40.4% increased amount of worms weighing 0.4-0.8 g respectively. The study reveals that the number of immature worms increased by 32.2%. Adding 40 mg / kg of Cobalt to the nutrient medium resulted in worms number and mass increased by 45.9 and 51.1% respectively. Adding 160 mg / kg of Cobalt resulted in 6.5-27.7% smaller amount of worms weighing 0.4-0.8 g as compared with the experimental groups. It has been found out that the number of small worms reduced by 24.0-50.7% compared with the experimental groups under adding 160 mg / kg of Cobalt. The weight reduced by 22.4% and amount of young worms compared with the control has been revealed.
We have established the pattern that as Cobalt amount in the nutrient medium increases, its concentration in the worms biomass increases as well. The highest content of Cobalt was found in the biomass dry matter of worms grown in the nutrient medium enriched with the studied metal in the amount of 160 mg / kg.
Biomass of worms grown in the nutrient medium with 40 mg / kg of the studied metal added can be used in fish feeding as a protein supplement with a high content of Cobalt.
Activity of the T- and B-system of the cell immunity of animals under conditions of oxidation stress and effects of the liposomal drug
Authors: Khariv M. , Gutyj B. , Ohorodnyuk N. , Vishchur O. , Khariv I. , Solovodzinska I. , Mudrak D. , Grymak C. , Bodnar P.
Published: January 2018

The results of research on the influence of the elaborated complex immunotropic drug containing butafosfan, interferon, thistle and fat-soluble vitamins A, D3, E in the form of a liposomal emulsion on the activity of T- and B-cell chains of immunity in rats under the conditions of action on the body of oxidative stress are presented. It has been established that the introduction of 50% tetrachloromethane into the rats of the first and second experimental groups, with a dose of 0.25 ml per 100 g of body weight, causes oxidative stress in them which negatively affects the cellular immunity and functional activity of immunocompetent blood cells. Immunosuppressive effects of oxidative stress were manifested by a decrease in the blood of rats in the first and second experimental groups of the number of T- and B-lymphocytes and their regulatory subpopulations mainly on the 2nd and 5th day of the study. At the same time, in the blood of rats of the first experimental group in all research periods a decrease in the relative number of common, active and theophylline-resistant T-lymphocytes, as well as B-lymphocytes was observed with a noticeable increase in the number of their undifferentiated forms. At the same time, the obtained data suggest the positive effect of butafosfan, interferon, thistle and vitamins A, D3, E in the liposomal preparation on the relative amount of T- and B-lymphocytes and on the redistribution of avidity in the direction of strengthening the receptor field of plasma membranes immunocompetent cells. It was found that the normalization on the 2nd day of blood level in the second experimental group of common T-lymphocytes occurred due to the secondary forms of the blood and active T-lymphocytes by changes in the number of low-avid forms. In addition to the indicators characterizing the cellular immunity of rats, the components of the liposomal preparation showed regulatory influence on the humoral link of the immune response. In particular, on the 10th day of research in blood of rats of the second experimental group a tendency towards an increase in the relative number of B-lymphocytes and an increase in the number of cells with low and medium density of receptors was found, which, under the conditions of oxidative stress, indicates an increase in the body's ability to actively synthesize protective antibodies
Успешность размножения птиц островных лесов юга Лесостепи Украины
Authors: Liulenko S. O. , Moroz L. M. , Sorokina S. I.
Published: January 2018

During 2005-2015 we conducted the research on the success of laying eggs in 82 species of birds nesting in the island oak and hornbeam forests of the region. 1095 cases of reproduction have been studied. The value of the masonry of each species has changed. 197 clutches (18%) out of 1095 are unfinished (we consider masonry to be unfinished if it consists of 50% or fewer eggs comparing with medium masonry). Very often unfinished masonry or even empty abandoned nests are observed in birds nesting on the ground. The anthropic factors are among the reasons preventing the end of the clutches. They are: grazing, sanitary felling, picking berries and mushrooms, visiting the forest lands for walks, etc. A significant part of the nests was left due to the death of one of the partners from predators or destroying the incipient clutches. The success of birds’ reproduction also reduces masonry or broods and the last ones die. This factor is also mentioned by A.S. Giliazov (1981). Due to the reproduction success, all 82 species of birds are divided into 7 groups with 10% interval between them. The highest success of nesting is observed in sedentary species (on average – 62.23%), and the lowest - in migratory species (on average – 54.03%). This indicates the better fitness of sedentary species to unfavourable weather conditions overcoming, stronger ecological plasticity in general, including all periods of their life cycle including reproduction.
Морфолого-культуральні властивості рідкісного лікарського гриба Sparassis crispa (Sparassidaceae, Polyporales)
Authors: Mykchaylova O. B. , Gryganskyi A. P. , Lomberg M. L. , Bisko N. A.
Published: January 2018

A verification of Sparassis crispa (Wulfen) Fr. strains of the IBK Mushroom Culture Collection using molecular-genetic and cultural-morphological methods were done. For all S. crispa strains a complete determination of the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer: ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 regions of rRNA, as well as the partial determination of 18S and 28S sequences surrounding the ITS, was performed. As a result of the search in the gene bank, the S. crispa samples deposited there showed 99-98% identity with the sequences we received, thus confirming the species of the examined strains. On the basis of the sequences we received, investigated strains were registered in NCBI GenBank. To confirm the taxonomic affiliation of the strains we studied their cultural and morphological characteristics. Microstructures of vegetative mycelium by optical and scanning electron microscopy were investigated. In all S. crispa cultures we observed the hyphae with regular one-sided gapless clamp connections, numerous secretory cells on the surface of the hyphae, anastomoses, filamentous strands and films. We studied the growth rate and morphology of the strains on seven agar nutrient media. According to the radial growth rate of S. crispa cultures can be placed to the very slowly growing mushrooms, growth rate of 0,5−2,8 mm/day. We found the selective media such as malt agar with the addition of pine sawdust (SS) and larch sawdust (SM) as most favorable for the vegetative growth and generative stage for all strains, temperature of incubation was 26 ± 0.1 °C. For mycelial growth the critical temperature was 39 ± 0.1 °C for S. crispa strains 312, 314 and 40 ± 0.1 °C for the strains 304, 2004. We confirmed belonging of studied strains to S. сrispa species according to established morphological and cultural characteristics. This result coincided with the results of DNA typing. Thus, the obtained mycelium growth parameters on nutrient media, micro- and macromorphological characteristics can be used as additional taxonomic characteristics of S. сrispa culture in the vegetative stage of growth. The strain S. сrispa 314 may become a potential producer for new fungal biotechnologies in Ukraine in the near future and reintroduction of this species in the nature.
Content of Triterpene saponins and phenolics compounds in leaves of in vitro Beta vulgaris L. genotypes
Authors: Klyachenko O. L. , Likhanov A. F.
Published: January 2018

An important element in plants adaptation to adverse environmental stress factors is the synthesis of secondary metabolites which involved in formation for the constitutional stability of plant organism. Saponins play an important role in the regulation of metabolic processes and the development of adaptive and defense plant reactions. Triterpene saponins have pronounced surface-active properties, increase activity of certain enzymes and perform antioxidant function, which in general determines their important role in formation of a common nonspecific plant resistance system. Sugar beet contains saponins of the triterpenoid type. Our experiments were shown that some vegetative parts of in vitro plants of sugar beet accumulate secondary metabolites including phenolic carboxylic acids, flavonoids and saponins, which play an important role in the formation for the constitutional resistance. The general condition of the plant organism and the survival strategy depends on activity of phenolic substances and saponins synthesis. Phenolic carboxylic acids in leaves of in vitro sugar beet plants were determined by thin layer chromatography method. Generally, in leaves of sugar beet varieties, hybrids were found saponins with Rf values of 0.21, 0.32, 0.35, and 0.51. Qualitative composition and quantitative indices of triterpene saponins and phenolic compounds content in sugar beet leaves during in vitro cultivation have sortspecific character, due to the peculiarities of their metabolism. Taking into account the absolutely identical composition of nutrient medium, same photo- and thermo-regimes for cultivation of in vitro sugar beet, triterpenoid saponins with Rf = 0,56 and 0,62 are biochemical markers which determine adaptive potential of plants-regenerants. This makes it possible to consider it expedient carrying out the researches of content of triterpene saponins as a marker for primary diagnostics and selection of plants-regenerants with a high adaptive potential and drought resistance at the initial stages of selection.
Ефективність відгодівлі молодняку великої рогатої худоби за використання силосу, законсервованого біологічним інокулянтом
Authors: Chernyuk S. , Bomko V. , Zagorodnii A. , Chernyavskyy O. , Slomchynskyy M. , Babenko S.
Published: January 2018

There has been the impact on the corn silage harvesting and the influence of the corn silage store technology of the microbial inoculants studied. The main advantages and the prospects of the silage inoculants using were outlined. This has been the supplements of microorganism’s inhibition impact on the molds and the fungi development established. Thereby, this was possible to provide the initial properties of raw materials preservation. The use of the 11C33 inoculants at a dose of1 gramper 1 tone of the silage during the storage period provides the dry matter reduction at a rate of 6.9 % versus 14.9 % in comparison with the control group respectively.  According to the requirements of the GOST 4782:2007 and the results of the biochemical silage studies the harvested feed without the inoculants using can be classified as the 3rd class. However, the treated silage with the 11C33 inoculant can be classified as the 1st class. The biological conservant inoculation during the milky-wax stage of ripeness helps the feed nutrients to have the better preservation. And the corn silage feeding as a part of its ration is likely to increase the average bulls daily weight gain for the feed costs production reduction. The microbial inoculants using during the corn silage harvesting helped to reduce the feed costs with the1 kgof the bull’s live weight gain by 6.07 %. We found that the preslaughter live weight at the age of 15 months was characterized by bulls of the trial group of the Ukrainian black and white milk breed and they were raised on the corn silage with the microbial inoculants. These bulls showed the better results comparing to the control group by 4.3 % (P<0.05) and the bull’s carcass yield of the trial group was higher than the control one, and it was 56.4 %.
Some properties of Bacillus subtilis probiotic supplements from byproducts of agricultural complex
Authors: Ushakova N. A. , Nekrasov R. V. , Brodskiy E. S. , Voznesenskaya V. V. , Kozlova A. A. , Samoylenko V. A. , Chabaev M. G. , Tomgorova E. K. , Zelenchenkova A. A.
Published: January 2018

Previously, it was shown that B. subtilis B-8130 produce bactericides and biologically active substances while fermenting different phyto-substrates. The bacilli release somatostatin-like peptide during solid-state fermentation of beet pulp sugar, sea-buckthorn leaves and flax seeds. The growth of bacterial culture is accompanied by the formation of biofilm that encapsulates phyto-carriers. The combination of all above factors determines high biological activity of probiotics and their effects on digestion in animals. We tested the addition of 0.1% B. subtilis B-8130 fermented substrate to the pig ration. The experiments showed higher weight gain, lowered daily feed expenses and improved survival. We found substantial changes in morphology of the small intestine epithelial cells associated with intensive absorption of feed nutrients in pigs that were fed with fermented sea-buckthorn leaves. This suggests influence of probiotics on digestion mediated by hormonal system.