bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulating a wine profileModulating a wine profile via an innovative use of vine-shoots
Authors: Cebrián-Tarancón Cristina , Sánchez-Gómez Rosario , Cabrita Maria Joao , Garcia Raquel , Zalacain Amaya , Alonso Gonzalo L. , Salinas M. Rosario
Published: May 2021

The chemical composition of vine-shoots is characterised by oenological compounds with high added value, which could contribute to the sensory profile of wines. In this study, toasted vine-shoots from two varieties were used in two different formats, granules and chips, and added to wine at different winemaking stages. The results show that oenological additives in the form of vine-shoots can modulate the chemical composition of wines, and therefore their quality, by enhancing their varietal and woody aromas; thus connecting viticulture and oenology and creating a new concept: circular viticulture.
Pemetaan Permasalahan Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Kasus di Provinsi Riau
Authors: Yunianto Andhika Silva
Published: May 2021

Kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Riau selalu berulang setiap memasuki musim kemarau. Kebakaran hutan dan lahan tahun 2015 merupakan kejadian terbesar, berdasarkan lokasi kejadian 75 persen terjadi di lahan gambut. Hampir 99 persen kejadian kebakaran hutan dan lahan merupakan ulah manusia, dimana sekitar 80 persen lahan yang terbakar kemudian berubah menjadi lahan perkebunan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memetakan kejadian kebakaran hutan dan lahan tahun 2010-2015 berdasarkan areal pemanfaatan, pembangunan wilayah dan politik lokal, serta menganalisis faktor pemicu yang menjadi penyebab kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Riau. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan hasil wawancara mendalam untuk mengetahui aktivitas/perilaku masyarakat yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Untuk menghasilkan peta dan mengetahui persebaran kebakaran hutan dan lahan dilakukan dengan menggunakan GIS.Analisis peta menunjukkan titik panas ( ) banyak ditemukan pada kawasan konsesi IUPHHK-HTI (Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Kayu – Hutan Tanaman Industri). Temuan tersebut menunjukkan adanya keterkaitan antara kebakaran hutan dan lahan dengan konfl ik antara masyarakat dengan perusahaan dilihat dari areal pemanfaatan, pembangunan wilayah dan politik lokal. Pada akhirnya, pemerintah perlu meningkatkan kewaspadaan tinggi terhadap kebakaran hutan dan lahan di areal yang berpotensi terjadi konfl ik pemanfaatan kawasan hutan antara masyarakat dengan perusahaan seperti di areal izin konsesi IUPHHK-HTI. Kewaspadaan perlu dilakukan dengan memperjelas status kawasan dengan memberikan kepastian hukum suatu kawasan melalui pengukuhan kawasan hutan agar legal dan legitimate.
Response to Combination of Pembrolizumab and Axitinib in Hereditary Leyomiomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer (HLRCC)
Authors: Gurruchaga Sotés Ibon , Santander Lobera Carmen
Published: May 2021

In clinical guidelines, such as National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, it is embodied as first therapeutic option the combination of erlotinib and bevacizumab, based on a small clinical trial which included patients with HLRCC. With this case report we bring out another treatment option, not described before, with extraordinary results based on the combination of a check-point inhibitor and a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, based on theoretical tumor immunogenic environment.
Artificial Compassion—From An AI Scholar
Authors: Mason Cindy
Published: May 2021

This paper describes a new generation of computational intelligence founded on the ancient idea of compassion called Artificial Compassion. The creation of Artificial Compassion is the result of two coinciding historical developments. The first is the increasing discoveries of human sciences in new fields like neuroendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology. This provides the spark for Artificial Compassion. For example, we once thought with certainty that our brain is fixed for life but neuropsychology and a device called the fMRI have shown it is “plastic”. It changes constantly throughout our lives in response to our experiences. Remarkably, we also now know it is changed for the better through positive emotions like compassion, kindness and happiness. So, too, are the immune, endocrine, genetic, cardio and neural systems influenced and changed by our emotional experiences. This new perspective on emotions and plasticity validates much of ancient wisdom in medical systems outside the west. Long held assumptions about emotion are unsuitable for humanity. The second development is ‘machine rub off’. We are in symbiotic relation with our devices today and we are plastic. We are changed by our interactions but many people have computer rage. We need Artificial Compassion to replace computer rage with positive plasticity.
Genome-Scale Metabolic Model of Infection with SARS-CoV-2 Mutants Confirms Guanylate Kinase as Robust Potential Antiviral Target
Authors: Renz Alina , Widerspick Lina , Dräger Andreas
Published: May 2021

The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still threatening humankind. Despite first successes in vaccine development and approval, no antiviral treatment is available for COVID-19 patients. The success is further tarnished by the emergence and spreading of mutation variants of SARS-CoV-2, for which some vaccines are not effective anymore. This highlights the urgent need for antiviral therapies even more. This article describes how the Genome-Scale Metabolic Model (GEM) of the host-virus interaction of human alveolar macrophages and SARS-CoV-2 was refined by incorporating the latest information about the virus’s structural proteins and the mutant variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. We confirmed the initially identified guanylate kinase as a potential antiviral target with this refined model and identified further potential targets from the purine and pyrimidine metabolism. The model was further extended by incorporating the virus’ lipid requirements. This opened new perspectives for potential antiviral targets in the altered lipid metabolism. Especially the phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis seems to play a pivotal role in viral replication. The guanylate kinase is even a robust target in all investigated mutation variants currently spreading worldwide. These new insights can guide laboratory experiments for the validation of identified potential antiviral targets. Only the combination of vaccines and antiviral therapies will effectively defeat this ongoing pandemic.
Does the High Level of Navigational Strategy Depend On the Number of Flight Hours or on an Innate Predisposition? The Case of Military Pilots
Authors: Giancola Marco , Verde Paola , Cacciapuoti Luigi , Angelino Gregorio , Piccardi Laura , Bocchi Alessia , Palmiero Massimiliano , Nori and Raffaella
Published: May 2021

Background: Military pilots show high visuo-spatial skills. Previous studies demonstrate that they are better in mental rotating a target, in taking different perspectives, in estimating distances, in travel planning and in topographic memory. Here, we compared navigational cognitive styles between military pilots and people without flight experience. Pilots were expected to be more survey users than non-pilots, showing higher navigational strategies. Method: 106 jet military pilots of Italian Air Force and 92 non-pilots were enrolled in order to investigate group differences in navigational styles. Participants were asked to perform a reduced version of the Spatial Cognitive Style Test – SCST, consisting of six tasks that allow to distinguish individuals in landmark (people orient themselves by using a figurative memory for environmental objects), route (people use an egocentric representation of the space) and survey (people have a map-like representation of the space) users. Results: In line with our hypothesis, military pilots mainly adopt a survey style, whereas non-pilots mainly adopt the route style. In addition, pilots outperformed non pilots in both the 3D-Rotation task and Map Description Task. Conclusion: Military flight expertise influences some aspects of the spatial ability, leading to enhance human navigation. Although, it must be considered that they are a population whose navigational skills were already high at the time of selection at the academy before formal training began.
Position Paper on the Applications of Ketogenic Diets in Patients with Headache: Consensus Statement
Authors: Di Lorenzo Cherubino , Ballerini Giovanna , Barbanti Piero , Bernardini Andrea , D'Arrigo Giacomo , Egeo Gabriella , Frediani Fabio , Garbo Riccardo , Pierangeli Giulia , Prudenzano Addolorata Maria Pia , Rebaudengo Nicoletta , Semeraro Grazia , Sirianni Giulio , Valente Mariarosaria , Coppola Gianluca , Cervenka Mackenzie C. , Spera Giovanni
Published: May 2021

Headaches are among the most prevalent and disabling disorders and there are several patients’ unmet needs in current pharmacological options, while a growing interest is focusing on nutritional approaches as non-pharmacological treatments. Among these, the most promising seems to be the ketogenic diet (KD). Exactly 100 years ago, KD was used to treat pediatric forms of drug-resistant epilepsy, but progressively applications of this diet also involved adults and other neurological disorders. Evidence of KD effectiveness in migraine comes from 1928, but in the last years different groups of research and clinicians paid attention to this therapeutic option to treat patients with drug resistant migraine and cluster headache, and/or comorbid with metabolic syndrome. Here we describe all the existing evidence on the potential benefits of KDs in headaches, explore in deep all the potential mechanisms of action involved in the efficacy, and synthesize results of working meetings of an Italian panel of experts on this topic. Aim of the working group is the creation of a consensus on indications and clinical practice to treat with KDs patients with headache. The results here we present are the base for further improvement in the knowledge and application of KDs in the treatment of headaches.
Appeasing Pheromones Against Bovine Respiratory Complex and Modulation of Immune Transcript Expressions
Authors: Hervet Caroline , Boullier Justine , Guiadeur Marlène , Michel Léa , Brun-Lafleur Laure , Aupiais Anne , Zhu Jianzhong , Mounaix Béatrice , Meurens François , Renois Fanny , Assié Sébastien
Published: May 2021

Bovine respiratory disease is still a major concern in feedlots and has major economic impact. Another consequence of respiratory infections is the use of antimicrobial molecules to control bacterial pathogens. This can participate to the emergence and shedding of antimicrobial re-sistance that can threaten animal as well as human health. Appeasing pheromones with their capacity to reduce stress and thus their ability to preserve the functions of the immune system have been proposed to reduce the use of antimicrobial substances. In the current report we as-sessed the effect of appeasing pheromone administration on bovine health and performance during the fattening period. Zootechnical and health parameters as well as whole blood immune transcript expressions were measured over weeks in young bulls to determine the effect of the pheromone. We observed a reduction of clinical signs at day 30 in young bulls who received the pheromone and a higher expression of interleukin 8 transcripts in this group than in the control group. Our results are in line with previous reports in bovine and other mammals and ask for further studies to shed more light on the beneficial impact of appeasing pheromones and to de-cipher their exact mechanisms of action.
Developing an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Platform for Real-time Damage Detection and Classification in Buildings and Infrastructure
Authors: Perez Husein , H.M. Tah Joseph
Published: May 2021

The structural health monitoring (SHM) of buildings is a crucial task which requires continuous monitoring of the physical properties of the asset to obtain actionable and quantitative information about the structure over time. Traditional SHM techniques, however, are tedious and depend on manual labour. Moreover, the inspection of unsafe environment can be ineffective and may lead to miss-judgement of the severity of the damage. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), in recent years, as an alternative survey method has fundamentally revolutionised the way health monitoring and damage assessment for engineering structures are carried out. UAVs, otherwise known as drones, do not require the presence of people around the areas where inspection is taking place. A drone can also be remotely maneuvered very effectively and can be taken to regions that are characterized by difficult accessibility or pose dangerous risks. Owing to these unique capabilities, the automatic drone-based monitoring of structural assets has proven to offer efficient, reliable, and high integrity inspection even in the most challenging diverse environments. This work is devoted to the development of a deep learning-based drone system suitable for real-time detection of structure damages. The drone system is equipped with an on-broad single board computer and a high definition camera. The on-board computer transmits real-time videos captured by the drone camera over WIFI connection to a GPU-based ground station running a deep-learning neural network for damages detection. This application can offer a practical, effective and low-cost solution for condition assessment procedures of structural systems. The obtained results support the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach to identify and classify various types of damages in real-time, using the detection of rust on metal roofs as a problem domain.
Ethical Issues Concerning the Use of Data from Commercially Available Wearable Sensors in Children
Authors: Panayiotou Andrie G. , Protopapadakis Evangelos D.
Published: May 2021

Wearable and mobile technology has advanced in leaps and bounds in the last decade with technological advances creating a role from enhancing healthy living to monitoring and treating disease. However, the discussion about the ethical use of such commercial technology, especially in minors, is lacking behind. In this paper, we will try and summarize the ethical issues arising from the usage of commercially available wearable technology in children, highlighting issues around the consent process, mitigation of risk and potential confidentiality and privacy issues, as well as the potential for therapeutic misconceptions when used in children with chronic conditions. The above will be additionally highlighted through a relevant thought experiment.
Investigation into Pump Mode Flow Dynamics for a Mixed Flow PAT with Adjustable Runner Blades
Authors: Binama Maxime , Kan Kan , Chen Huixiang , Zheng Yuan , Zhou Daqing , Muhirwa Alexis , M Bwimba Godfrey
Published: May 2021

The adoption of Pump as Turbines (PATs) both in small scale hydroelectric plants and water supply systems has brought different advantages, the most recognized being cost-effectiveness as compared to other hydroturbines. However, due to their lack of flow control ability, their intolerance to off-design operations constitutes one tough shortfall. Moreover, this technology’s newness leads to PAT flow dynamics still being ununderstood even to date. Therefore, this study intends to numerically investigate the mixed flow PAT’s pump mode flow dynamics for five operating conditions expanding from optimum (1QBEP) to deep part-load (0.41 QBEP) conditions. Moreover the effect of runner blade angle on the same has been investigated where three angles namely -2°, 0°, and 2° have been considered. PAT flow stability was found to deteriorate as the flow decreased, where associated pressure pulsation level worsened at different flow zones. In addition, the blade angle increase led correspondingly increasing flow unsteadiness and pressure pulsation levels, where the pulsation frequencies from rotor-stator interactions were dominant for most of flow zones. This study’s findings are of a crucial importance to both scientific and engineering communities as they contribute to thorough understanding of PAT flow dynamics.
Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Novel Dicyclopropyl-Thiazole Compounds as Non-Toxic and Promising Antifungals
Authors: Biernasiuk Anna , Banasiewicz Anna , Masłyk Maciej , Martyna Aleksandra , Janeczko Monika , Baranowska-Łączkowska Angelika , Malm Anna , Łączkowski Krzysztof Z.
Published: May 2021

There is a need to search for new antifungals, especially for the treatment of the invasive Candida infections, caused mainly by C. albicans. These infections are steadily increasing at an alarming rate, mostly among immunocompromised patients. The newly synthesized compounds (3a-3k) were characterized by physico-chemical parameters and investigated for antimicrobial activity using the microdilution broth method to estimate minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Additionally, their antibiofilm activity and mode of action together with the effect on the membrane permeability in C. albicans were investigated. Biofilm biomass and its metabolic activity were quantitatively measured using crystal violet (CV) staining and tetrazolium salt (XTT) reduction assay. The cytotoxic effect on normal human lung fibroblasts and hemolytic effect were also evaluated. The results showed differential activity of the compounds against yeasts (MIC = 0.24-500 µg/mL) and bacteria (MIC = 125-1000 µg/mL). Most compounds possessed strong antifungal activity (MIC = 0.24-7.81 µg/mL). The compounds 3b, 3c, and 3e, showed no inhibitory (at 1/2 MIC) and eradication (at 8 x MIC) effect on C. albicans biofilm. Only slight decrease in the biofilm metabolic activity was observed for compound 3b. Moreover, the studied compounds increased the permeability of the membrane/cell wall of C. albicans and their mode of action may be related to action within the fungal cell wall structure and/or within the cell membrane. It is worth noting that the compounds had no cytotoxicity effect on pulmonary fibroblasts and erythrocytes at concentrations showing anticandidal activity. The present studies in vitro confirm that these derivatives appear to be a very promising group of antifungals for further preclinical studies.
Diversity and Reassortment Rate of Influenza a Viruses in Wild Ducks and Gulls
Authors: Postnikova Yulia , Treshchalina Anastasia , Boravleva Elizaveta , Gambaryan Alexandra , Ishmukhametov Aydar , Matrosovich Mikhail , Fouchier Ron A.M. , Sadykova Galina , Prilipov Alexei , Lomakina Natalia
Published: May 2021

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) evolve via point mutations and reassortment of viral gene segments. The patterns of reassortment in different host species differ considerably. We investigated the genetic diversity of IAVs in wild ducks and compared it with the viral diversity in gulls. The complete genomes of 38 IAVs of H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, H3N6, H3N8, H4N6, H5N3, H6N2, H11N6 and H11N9 subtypes isolated from wild mallard duck and gull habitants of a pond in Moscow city, Russia were sequenced. The sequences were closely related to those of avian IAVs isolated in Sweden and the Netherlands. The analysis of phylogenetic trees showed that stable viral genotypes do not persist from year to year in ducks owing to frequent gene reassortment. For comparison, similar analyses were carried out using sequences of IAVs isolated in the same period from ducks and gulls in the Netherlands. Our results revealed a significant difference in diversity and rates of reassorment of IAVs in ducks and gulls.
GFPMX: A Cobweb Model of the Global Forest Sector, with an Application to the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Buongiorno Joseph
Published: May 2021

The GFPMX projects forest area and stock, consumption, production, imports, exports, and prices of industrial roundwood, fuelwood, sawnwood, wood-based panels, wood-pulp, and paper and paperboard, in 180 countries, and currently from 2018 to 2070. The core principle of the model is the Cobweb theorem, according to which markets are not necessarily in equilibrium, but take some time to adjust to shocks, such as demand shifts, leading to oscillatory dynamics of prices and quantities. The paper presents the model structure and the estimation of its parameters from international statistics on production, trade, forest area, and forest stock. This is followed by an application of the GFPMX to the impact on the global forest sector of the economic recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The importance of Teacher education in the face of the perspectives of diversity: in search of an egalitarian society
Authors: Palmeira Lana Lisiêr de Lima , Dias Alfrancio Ferreira
Published: May 2021

This work addresses the need for teacher training in which socio-cultural differences in the current scenario are considered, aiming to achieve a broader view of what is called interculturality, in which the foundations of ethics and otherness are present. , seeking the construction of an egalitarian educational context, with the strengthening of respect for the human person, regardless of their condition of race, gender, ethnicity, based on the assumption that equality is made, among other prisms, in respect for diversity. By choosing methodologically the qualitative research, more specifically the bibliographic review, the relevance of the theme was presented so that one can have the awakening to a new thinking of the teacher and, consequently, a new way of carrying out actions, which deserve be guided by a citizenry, capable of giving a new meaning to the current educational, political and social conjunctures.
Aspects of physical development of children with allergies
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Paediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Gritsinskaya V.L. ,   Saint Petersburg Medico-Social Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

The article presents an analytical review of scientific research regarding physical development of children with various allergic diseases. The specificities of physical development of children with atopy can be noted during intrauterine development, in the neonatal period and infancy. Adequate basic therapy of allergic diseases makes it possible to reduce the risk of abnormalities of physical development and manage them in preschool children and adolescents. Key words: allergic diseases, children, physical development
Functional nutrition: biological properties and impact on human health
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Savenkova E.V. , Anikina E.V. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Orlova V.S. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

As is known, diseases associated with nutrition disorders account for a significant share in the structure of causes of general mortality. Cumulative research knowledge allows us to state that consumption of certain food products or related physiologically active components contributes to the maintenance of optimal health and helps reduce the risk of certain diseases. All food products are functional to some extent, because all foods have a certain nutritional value. The vast majority of functionally significant components are found in plant foods, but there are also several classes of physiologically active functional food ingredients of animal and microbiological origin. Health-oriented functional foods will be in demand over the next few decades, taking into account consumers’ interest in staying healthy for as long as possible, the demographic ageing of the world population and the rising health care costs. Functional foods are one of the most intensively researched and widely promoted areas in nutrition science, but they are not a panacea – a comprehensive approach that takes into consideration all principles of a healthy lifestyle is required for health preservation and maintenance. Key words: metagenomics, human microbiome, nutrigenomics, nutraceutical, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, enterotype
Microbiota and human diseases
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Paediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Karpeeva Yu.S. , Novikova V.P. ,   Saint Petersburg State Paediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Khavkin A.I. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Today, the microbiota is recognized as a new "extracorporeal organ" that is involved in the maintenance of our body’s homeostasis. While the useful role of some microorganisms has already been determined, the role of most of them is not yet clear. Researchers believe that between 81% and 99% of all microorganisms in healthy adults have been identified. Little is known yet about the ways the members of a microbial consortium interact with each other and with the human body. The species composition of the microbiota in newborns and children remains an open question. In fact, the clinical significance of normal flora is not fully understood. Many reports have been published on the direct role of the microbiota as a trigger mechanism of various diseases (atherosclerosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atopic diseases, depression, autism, autoimmune diseases, etc.) and carcinogenesis, which is multifaceted and insufficiently studied. The understanding of bacterial communication mechanisms can be used in the development of novel drugs and new strategic approaches to treatment. Key words: intestinal microbiota and diseases, microbiota, gut microbiome
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease)
Authors:   Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhnу Novgorod, Russian Federation, Sadovnikova I.V. , Smirnova M.A. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhnу Novgorod, Russian Federation, Nozhkalyuk Ya.S. ,   Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhnу Novgorod, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

The article presents a case report of a variant of leukodystrophy: Krabbe disease. The disease was aggravated by concomitant hepatitis, hepatocellular insufficiency grade 3. The authors analyse the clinical course of the disease and possible outcomes in case of its early diagnosis. Key words: Krabbe disease, children, leukodystrophy
KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL MASYARAKAT TERHADAP ALAM GUNUNG MERAPI: STUDI KUALITATIF TENTANG KEARIFAN LOKAL YANG BERKEMBANG DI DESA TLOGOLELE KECAMATAN SELO KABUPATEN BOYOLALI
Authors: Prasojo M. Nur Budi
Published: May 2021

this is a study of people who live on the slopes of Merapi, the most active
volcano in Indonesia and they face the volcanic threats. This study is mainly
based on field data, collected by ethnography method, in Tlogolele Selo
Boyolali, Central Java. Ethnography is a qualitative research approach which
explores the worldview of people and demonstrates their dailylife, how to see,
listen, speak, and think. Based on Social Contruction of Reality Theory from
Berger and Luckmann, this study tries to explore the social construction of
people who live on the slopes of Merapi. Villagers living on Merapi
constructed a system of religious belief. The villagers view Merapi as a friend
not a threats. They construct knowledge and tradition as a local wisdom. As a
local wisdom, the system of religious belief, kwoledge, and tradition have a
special place in daily life of Tlogolele people. Local wisdom is based on
Javanese culture concept ”memayu hayuning bawana”, which is applicated in
several tradition slametan.
Keywords: etnography, social construction, local wisdom
MODAL SOSIAL PETANI SAWAH BERLAHAN SEMPIT DALAM PEMENUHAN NAFKAH RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Rahmadi Purwito Zanuar , Santosa Bambang
Published: May 2021

Indoensia is an agricultural country, that agricutural sector hold such important role in the whole national economical aspects. Agricultural lands hold important role in the peasant’s productivity. Agricultural sector in Indonesia experienced high density of labors, meanwhile the quantity space of agricultural is relatively the same, and it’s tend to decreased overtime. This research using case study methods, with purposive sampling where the informant of this research selected by researcher by several considerations. And the subject in this research, the informant, have similarities in propertis and characteristic to each other. Based on the research and the discussion, that social capital small land’s peasant in the household’s fulfillment of living. That peasant with small land, utilized their social capital. With that social capital, small’s land peasant able to carried out the alternative income from source outside beside agricultural activities. Therefore they able to decrease the difficultiness of life in order to fulfill their household living. There’s several alternative source of income that been conducted by peasant in Komomayan Village in order to fulfill their household living by utilizing social capital that peasant’s have i.e livestock, having a debt and cooperation in managing agricultural land.
Keywords: Peasant, Social Capital, Household Living.

 

Abstrak
Indonesia merupakan negara agraris, bahwa sektor pertanian memegang peranan penting dari keseluruhan perekonomian nasional. lahan pertanian memiliki peranan penting dalam produktifitas petani. Bahwa sektor pertanian mengalami kepadatan tenaga kerja, sementara luas lahan tetap, dan cenderung luas lahan semakin berkurang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus, dengan teknik purposive sampling yaitu informan yang dipilih atau ditentukan secara sengaja oleh peneliti dengan menggunakan pertimbangan tertentu. Serta Informan mimiliki kesamaan dengan sifat atau karakterisitik subjek penelitian ini. Berdasarkan penelitian dan pembahasan, bahwa modal sosial petani sawah berlahan sempit dalam pemenuhan nafkah rumah tangga. Petani sawah berlahan sempit memanfaatkan modal sosial yang dimilikinya. Dengan modal sosial tersebut, petani sawah berlahan sempit mampu menjalankan alternatif pendapatan lain diluar aktifitas bertani, dengan begitu mampu mengurangi kesukaran hidup dalam upaya pemenuhan nafkah rumah tangga. Berbagai alternatif pendapatan yang dilakukan petani sawah di Desa Kolomayan dalam upaya pemenuhan nafkah rumah tangga dengan memanfaatkan modal sosial yang dimilikinya seperti aktifitas beternak, berhutang, dan gotong royong pengerjaan lahan pertanian.
Kata Kunci: Petani, Modal Sosial, Nafkah Rumah Tangga.
MOTIVASI BERAFILIASI SISWA ETNIS TIONGHOA DI SMA NEGERI 1 TEBAS
Authors: Khosihan Aan
Published: May 2021

The existence of students with chinese ethnic background that is still very small in number in public schools is still a big question mark in education in Kecamatan Tebas. As the second most populous population after Malay, Chinese people prefer to send their children to a private school where their students are dominated by Chinese ethnics. However, the presence of ethnic Chinese students in a small number of public schools is an interesting thing to look at. This study aims to reveal the behavior and supporting factors that make Chinese students choose to stay in the country. Using the David McClelland needs theory approach as well as the use of qualitative methods with primary data collection of observations and interviews. In this study, the researcher took the main informants, which amounted to three people, consisting of one tenth grader, one at eleven class student of IPA, and one at eleven class student of IPS. the researcher successfully identified ten student behaviors that showed motivation of affiliation and two factors supporting the high motivation of affiliated Chinese students in SMA Negeri 1 Tebas.
Keywords: Students of Ethnic Chinese, Motivation of Affiliation, Affiliated Behavior, Affiliated Factors.

 

Abstrak
Keberadaan siswa dengan latar belakang etnis tionghoa yang masih sangat sedikit jumlahnya di sekolah negeri masih menjadi tanda tanya besar dalam pendidikan di kecamatan tebas. Sebagai penduduk dengan jumlah terbanyak kedua setelah etnis melayu, masyarakat tionghoa lebih memilih untuk menyekolahkan anak mereka disekolah swasta yang para siswanya didominasi oleh kalangan etns Tionghoa. Namun, keberadaan siswa etnis tionghoa pada sekolah negeri yang jumlahnya sedikit menjadi hal yang menarik untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap perilaku dan faktor pendukung yang membuat siswa etnis tionghoa memilih bertahan disekolah negeri. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori kebutuhan David McClelland serta penggunaan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data utama berupa observasi dan wawancara. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengambil informan utama yang berjumlah tiga orang, terdiri dari satu orang siswa kelas sepuluh, satu orang siswa kelas sebelas IPA, dan satu orang siswa kelas sebelas IPS. peneliti berhasil mengidentifikasi sepuluh perilaku siswa yang menunjukkan motivasi berafiliasi dan tiga faktor pendukung tingginya motivasi berafiliasi siswa etnis Tionghoa di SMA Negeri 1 Tebas.
Kata Kunci: Siswa Etnis Tionghoa, Motivasi Berafiliasi, Perilaku Berafiliasi, Faktor Berafiliasi.
Recommendations for Delivering COVID-19 Vaccine in Jails: Evidence from Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska, and Missouri
Authors: Ramaswamy Megha , Satterwhite Catherine L. , Lipnicky Ashlyn , Emerson Amanda , Griffin Phil , Ash Donald , Ault Kevin
Published: May 2021

We report on data we collected from a 2018 survey examining jails’ human papillomavirus virus vaccine delivery capacity and on a secondary analysis we conducted to describe factors similarly associated with delivery planning for the COVID-19 vaccine. We provide recommendations for delivering the COVID-19 vaccine in jails, based on evidence from Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska, and Missouri. Our key finding is that jails have limited staff to implement vaccination and will require collaboration between jail administrators, jail medical staff, and local health departments.
Coordinated optimal planning of electric vehicle charging stations and capacitors in distribution systems with vehicle-to-grid facility
Authors: Bilal Mohd , Rizwan Mohammad
Published: May 2021

Deployment of electric vehicles as a future mode of transport is essential to lower the greenhouse gas emissions and other harmful gases instigated by conventional engine driven vehicles. Installation of electric vehicle charging stations are one of the prominent aspects for the widespread use of electric vehicles. Improper positioning of electric vehicle charging station creates challenges which in turn affect the electrical network and utility operator. This paper presents a new hybrid approach for investigating the optimal location of electric vehicle charging stations. Reactive power compensation is also provided along with charging station to deal with power loss issues and retain the distribution network's reliability. Moreover, vehicle to grid facility has been comprehensively considered in this paper. The proposed algorithm is the hybrid of grey wolf optimization and particle swarm optimization. The hybridization of two algorithms combines the desirable attributes of both algorithms and maintains a strong balance between the exploration and exploitation capability. The proposed hybrid approach is applied on IEEE-33 bus and 34-bus distribution system for minimizing the active power loss and maximizing the net profit. Furthermore, the outcome attained using the anticipated technique is equated with conventional grey wolf optimization (GWO). For 33-bus system, the proposed technique results in loss reduction of 30.67% and maximizing the net profit by 1142.91$ as compared to GWO. Likewise, power losses have been reduced to 27.6% and maximized net profit by 4111.74$ for 34-bus network. The obtained results prove the supremacy of the proposed approach over grey wolf optimization to evaluate locations of charging stations' and reactive power source in radial distribution network.
Teaching medical microbiology during the COVID-19 pandemic: perceptions of medical undergraduates and the effects of online learning
Authors: Papan Cihan , Schmitt Monika , Becker Sören L.
Published: May 2021

Background:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed unprecedented hurdles to health care systems and medical faculties alike. Lecturers of practical courses at medical schools have been confronted with the challenge to transfer knowledge distantly. We sought to evaluate the effects of an online learning alternative to the traditional medical microbiology course.Methods: During the summer term 2020, medical students at the University of Saarland, Germany, participated in an online-only course in medical microbiology. Teaching content comprised clinical scenarios, theoretical knowledge and instructive videos on microbiological techniques. Test performances, failure rates, and student evaluation, including open-response items, of the course during the summer term 2020 were compared to the summer term 2019.Results:Student performance was comparable between both the online-only group and the comparator for both the written (average grades 7.6 vs. 7.3; p=0.1985) and the oral exam (33.6 vs. 33.4, p=0.7749). Failure rate did not significantly differ between the online-only group and the comparator group (2.4% vs. 3.3%). While lecturer expertise was graded similarly high from students of both groups, students from the summer term 2020 gave lower grades for interdisciplinarity, possibilities for interaction, and the extent to which the educational objectives were defined. Main critiques formulated within the open-response items concerned organizational deficits.Conclusions:Online-only courses in medical microbiology are a feasible teaching option, especially in the setting of a pandemic, leading to similar test performances in comparison to traditional courses. The lack of interaction and sustainability of acquired manual skills warrant further research.
Use of a Community of Practice for the Implementation of Evidence-based Practices for Heart Failure Within the United States Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: Sahay Anju , Mittman Brian S , Gholami Parisa , Lin Shoutzu , Heidenreich Paul A
Published: May 2021

Communities of Practice (CoPs) are a promising approach to facilitate the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) to improve care for chronic conditions like heart failure (HF). COPs involve a complex process of acquiring and converting both explicit and tacit knowledge into clinical activities.Formation: In July 2006, a CoP called the Heart Failure Provider Network (HF Network) was established in the United States (US) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) with the overarching goal of improving the quality of care for HF patients. The CoP has involved a total of 1,341 multidisciplinary and multilevel members at all 144 VA Health Care Systems (sites). Examples of CoP activities include discussions of interventions to decrease hospitalization rates and to empower patients and caregivers for self-management. Goals of the CoP include networking facilitation, information dissemination and exchange, collaboration and implementation of EBPs.Assessment: We conceptualized the assessment (formative evaluation) of the HF Network in terms of its various activities (inputs) and proximal impacts (mediators) at the individual-level, and its distal and ultimate impacts (outcomes) at the site-level leading to an improved culture of implementation of new/improved EBPs at the system-wide level.The HF Network membership grew steadily over the nine years. Most members were practicing clinicians (n=891, 66.4%), followed by administrators (n=342, 25.5%), researchers (n=70, 5.2%), and others (n=38, 2.8%). Participation was “active” for 70.9% versus “passive” for 29.4% of members. The distribution of active members (clinicians 64.7%, administrators 21.6%) was similar to the distribution of overall membership.Survey respondents perceived the HF Network as useful in terms of its varied activities and resources relevant for patient care. Members, particularly those that consider themselves influential in improving quality of care, noted multiple benefits of membership. These included confirmation of one’s own clinical practices, evidence-based changes to their practice and help in understanding facilitators and barriers in setting up or running HF clinics and other programs.
A Novel Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Miao Fei , Xie Fucun , Xu Xin , Liu Zhisong
Published: May 2021

Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is a lethal malignancy of the digestive tract with high morbidity and mortality rates, lacking molecular biomarkers for EC diagnosis and prognosis with high specificity and sensitivity.Methods: Downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the high-throughput transcriptome sequencing mRNA data was normalized, after which dysregulated genes were identified via limma package. Weight gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to select diagnostic modules and candidate genes. Later, Hub genes were screened through functional enrichment, LASSO Cox regression and survival analysis. Furthermore, we performed comparation with other biomarkers and investigated the association between our target gene and immune microenvironment.Results: Esophageal adenocarcinoma subtype and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma subtype displayed similar expression patterns in terms of differentially expressed genes, which indicates the existence of consensus biomarkers. After a series of analyses, including weighted gene coexpression network analysis, Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Cox regression analysis, CMA1 was identified as an abnormally upregulated biomarker with highest diagnostic and prognostic potential. Moreover, CMA1 might exert its effect by influencing the immune microenvironment. Conclusion: CMA1 is a potential biomarker for EC in not only diagnosis but also prognosis. Future prospective clinic trials are expected to evaluate its performance in clinical practice.
Pipelines and Systems for Threshold Avoiding Quantification of LC-MS/MS data
Authors: Brotons Alejandro Sánchez , Eriksson Jonatan , Kwiatkowski Marcel , Wolters Justina , Kema Ido , Barcaru Andrei , Kuipers Folkert , Bakker Stephan , Bischoff Rainer , Suits Frank , Horvatovich Peter
Published: May 2021

The accurate processing of complex LC-MS/MS data from biological samples is a major challenge for metabolomics, proteomics and related approaches. Here we present the Pipelines and Systems for Threshold Avoiding Quantification (PASTAQ) LC-MS/MS pre-processing toolset, which allows highly accurate quantification of data-dependent acquisition (DDA) LC-MS/MS datasets. PASTAQ performs compound quantification using single-stage (MS1) data and implements novel algorithms for high-performance and accurate quantification, retention time alignment, feature detection, and linking annotations frommultiple identification engines. PASTAQ offers straightforward parametrization and automatic generation of quality control plots for data and pre-processing assessment. This design results in smaller variance when analyzing replicates of proteomes mixed with known ratios, and allows the detection of peptides over a larger dynamic concentration range compared to widely used proteomics preprocessing tools. The performance of the pipeline is also demonstrated in a biological human serum dataset for the identification of gender related proteins.
Effect of acupoint with moxa cone on 1H-MRS of hippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Mai Wei , Tang Liying , Wei Yichen , Zhou Lu , Zou Zhuocheng , Teng Jinlong , Su Jiahui , Nong Xiucheng , Yu Bihan , Li Chong , Shao Lijuan , Duan Gaoxiong , Zhao Lihua , Deng Demao , Chen Shangjie
Published: May 2021

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often the prodromal stage to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most patients with MCI harbor the pathologic changes of AD and experience progressive brain metabolites change. We investigated the changes of metabolites in bilateral hippocampus (HIP) and posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) in MCI patients, and observed the effects of moxa cone moxibustion on the metabolites of bilateral hippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus in patients with MCI.Methods: Sixty-nine patients with MCI and sixty-seven cases of age-matched normal controls (NC) were enrolled in this study.MCI patients were randomly divided into drug group(Drug, n=24),sham acupoint group(Sham, n=20) and acupoint group(Acupoint, n=25).All subjects received proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) for measurement of NAA/tCr and Cho/tCr ratios in bilateral hippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus before and after treatment. Mini-Mental Status Examination(MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA) were used to evaluate cognitive function.Results: MCI patients were characterized by lower NAA/tCr in bilateral hippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus and Cho/tCr in right hippocampus compared to those in NC group(P < 0.05). After two months treatment, NAA/tCr in bilateral hippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus and Cho/tCr in right hippocampus were increased in the three treatment groups, and there was no significant difference compared to NC group(P > 0.05).NAA/tCr in right hippocampus and Cho/tCr of right posterior cingulate gyrus of acupoint group was significantly higher than those in sham acupoint group(P < 0.05) and NC group(P < 0.05).The scores of MMSE and MOCA in the acupoint group and sham acupoint group were better than those in the drug group, especially in the long-term efficacy.Conclusions: Moxa cone moxibustion may improve the cognitive function of MCI patients by regulating the abnormal metabolites of bilateral hippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus. MRS can provide objective imaging basis for moxibustion prevention and treatment of MCI.Trial Registration: ChiCTR-IPR-16009144 (Retroactively registered on 26 AUG 2016)
Bioaugmentation mitigates ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions during the mixture compost of dewatered sewage sludge and reed straw
Authors: Cheng Qingli , Zhang Longlong , Wang Dawei , Niu Bochao
Published: May 2021

This study investigated the effectiveness of bio-augmenting aerobic cell culture to mitigate ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emission in sewage sludge composting amended with reed straw (with the weight ratio of 1:0.3–0.4). During the 20-day aerated lab-scale composting, adding 200 mL culture (56.80 NTU) reduced ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions by 38.00 % and 54.32 %, and conserved total nitrogen and sulfate by 39.42 % and 70.75 %, respectively. Organic matters degradation was quick started 1 day ahead. Comparing to the control, nitrate content increased 38.75 % at the end of the compost. Bioaugmentation evened the distributions of bacterial communities in the thermophilic phase. The shift was mainly due to 22.97 % of relative abundance of Proteobacteria depressed and 157.16 % of Bacteroidetes increased, which were benefit for nitrogen conservation and glycan breakdown, respectively. In summary, the results demonstrated that bioaugmentation addition could be an effective strategy for enhanced sludge composting.