bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental infection of domestic turkeys with lymphoproliferative disease virus of North American origin
Authors: Goodwin Chloe C. , Adcock Kayla G. , Allison Andrew B. , Ruder Mark G. , Poulson Rebecca L. , Nemeth Nicole M.
Published: February 2024

Lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV) was first documented in wild turkeys in North America in 2009. LPDV infection is often subclinical but can manifest as lymphoid proliferation or round cell neoplasia. Despite high prevalence across many sampled areas corresponding to declining populations of wild turkeys, knowledge regarding LPDV pathogenesis, risk factors for disease development, and associated impacts on population dynamics are unknown. To understand transmission, viral shedding, and tissue tropism, we inoculated 21 domestic turkeys via the oral cavity, crop, nasal cavity, subcutis, or coelomic cavity. For 12 weeks, oropharyngeal swabs, cloacal swabs, and whole blood were collected weekly. At 1 week postinoculation, 3 turkeys (3/21; 14%) had detectable LPDV proviral DNA in blood by polymerase chain reaction, and 10 developed DNAemia (50%; 10/20) by 12 weeks. LPDV proviral DNA was intermittently detected in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs. Splenomegaly was the most consistent gross finding in DNAemic birds (8/11; 73%). Lymphoid hyperplasia in the spleen was the most significant microscopic finding (9/11; 82%). Three turkeys (3/11; 27%) developed round cell neoplasia characterized by sheets of pleomorphic, round to polygonal cells in the adrenal gland, bone marrow, skin, small intestine, and/or spleen. LPDV was detected in the spleen and bone marrow from all turkeys with DNAemia and all neoplasms. Our study establishes that infection and disease with North American LPDV from wild turkeys can be experimentally reproduced in domestic turkeys, laying the groundwork for future investigations into LPDV pathogenesis, development of diagnostic techniques, and understanding the impacts of LPDV on wild turkey populations.
The effectiveness of Chinese instrumental music embedded with binaural beats in relieving anxiety related to academic stress among undergraduates: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pang Chu Hui , Lam Yeow Hing Bradley , Chia Jia Lin Cherie , Ng Soo Inn Fidessa , Wong Samuel Shengmiao , Tay Peter Kay Chai
Published: February 2024

The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of binaural beat (BB) Chinese music, with dynamic theta- to delta-frequency progression, in relieving anxiety among Singapore undergraduates. It also examined whether the binaural effects differ between students with high and normal trait anxiety. This was a randomized controlled trial with 151 undergraduates assigned to listen to a single 30 min episode of BB Chinese music, Chinese music, or audiobook. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) measured stress, while the state subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) and root mean square of successive R–R interval differences (RMSSD) were outcome measures for anxiety. Results indicated that mean STAI-S and PSS reductions were not statistically significant between groups. No significant difference in mean change of RMSSD was detected when the BB Chinese music group was compared with the Chinese music or audiobook groups. However, students with high baseline trait anxiety experienced a greater, marginally significant reduction in STAI-S scores and an increase in RMSSD than those with normal trait anxiety after BB exposure. BB Chinese instrumental music may not have anxiolytic effects on healthy undergraduate populations, as evidence for an anxiolytic effect was observed only among students with high baseline trait anxiety, warranting further research on this population.
SUNCT, SUNA and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks: Debates and an update
Authors: Kang Mi-Kyoung , Cho Soo-Jin
Published: February 2024

Background

Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNHA) have the features of both short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform pain, such as trigeminal neuralgia or stabbing headache, and associated trigeminal autonomic symptoms, such as paroxysmal hemicrania or cluster headache. Recognizing and adequately treating SUNHA is essential but current treatment methods are ineffective in treating SUNHA.

Methods

We reviewed the changes in the concept of short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks and provide a narrative review of the current medical and surgical treatment options, from the first choice of treatment for patients to treatments for selective intractable cases.

Results

Unlike the initial impression of an intractable primary headache disorder affecting older men, SUNHA affects both sexes throughout their lifespan. One striking feature of SUNHA is that the attacks are triggered by cutaneous or intraoral stimulation. The efficacy of conventional treatments is disappointing and challenging, and preventive therapy is the mainstay of treatment because of highly frequent attacks of a very brief duration. Amongst them, lamotrigine is effective in approximately two-third of the patients with SUNHA, and intravenous lidocaine is essential for the management of acute exacerbation of intractable pain. Topiramate, oxcarbazepine and gabapentin are considered good secondary options for SUNHA, and botulinum toxin can be used in selective cases. Neurovascular compression is commonly observed in SUNHA, and surgical approaches, such as neurovascular compression, have been reported to be effective for intractable cases.

Conclusions

Recent advances in the understanding of SUNHA have improved the recognition and treatment approaches for this unique condition.
Nephrotoxic Risk Associated With Combination Therapy of Vancomycin and Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Critically Ill Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Pipkin Tamyah , Pope Stuart , Killian Alley , Green Sarah , Albrecht Benjamin , Nugent Katherine
Published: February 2024

Background: The combination of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam (VPT) has been associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients when compared to similar combinations. Additional studies examining this nephrotoxic risk in critically ill patients have not consistently demonstrated the aforementioned association. Furthermore, patients with baseline renal dysfunction have been excluded from almost all of these studies, creating a need to examine the risk in this patient population. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of critically ill adults with baseline chronic kidney disease (CKD) who received vancomycin plus an anti-pseudomonal beta-lactam at Emory University Hospital. The primary outcome was incidence of AKI. Secondary outcomes included stage of AKI, time to development of AKI, time to return to baseline renal function, new requirement for renal replacement therapy, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 109 patients were included. There was no difference observed in the primary outcome between the VPT (50%) and comparator (58%) group ( P = .4), stage 2 or 3 AKI (15.9% vs 6%; P = .98), time to AKI development (1.7 vs 2 days; P = .5), time to return to baseline renal function (4 vs 3 days; P = .2), new requirement for RRT (4.5% vs 1.5%; P = .3), ICU length of stay (7.3 vs 7.4 days; P = .9), hospital length of stay (19.3 vs 20.1 days; P = .87), or in-hospital mortality (15.9% vs 10.8%; P = .4). A significant difference was observed in the duration of antibiotic exposure (3.32 vs 2.62 days; P = .045 days). Conclusion: VPT was not associated with an increased risk of AKI or adverse renal outcomes. Our findings suggest that the use of this antibiotic combination should not be avoided in this patient population. More robust prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Lifestyle Behavioral Interventions and Health-Related Outcomes Among People with Epilepsy: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Sauls Rachel M. , Buro Acadia W. , Kirby Russell S.
Published: February 2024

Objective

To gather and assess current literature on the prevalence and efficacy of lifestyle behavioral interventions (sleep, nutrition, physical activity) for health outcomes, including QOL, psychological well-being, behavioral changes, and seizure frequency, among PWE.

Data Source

A review was conducted of English-language articles identified from PubMed, Scopus, and Embase between January 2013 to January 2023.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCT) with human subjects diagnosed with epilepsy who participated in a lifestyle behavioral intervention.

Data Extraction

Two researchers independently completed the title, abstract, and full-text reviews. Information extracted includes study population, duration, type of intervention, findings, and outcomes.

Data Synthesis

Data was narratively synthesized to show level of evidence and degree of consistency in findings. Results: 4001 studies identified, 66 full texts reviewed, and 24 included. A majority (n = 16) of studies utilized diet specific RCTs, and some focused on physical activity (n = 7) and sleep (n = 1). Diet-specific RCTs (eg, ketogenic, Modified Atkins) reported reduced seizure frequency with adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal complications. Physical activity-based interventions found that maintained levels of exercise improved QOL and psychological well-being. However, physical activity and diet-based interventions did not have lasting effects after study conclusion. Only the behavioral sleep intervention reported that sleep quality improved significantly and was maintained post-intervention.

Conclusion

Future research is needed to establish the relationship between lifestyle behavioral interventions on QOL and other health outcomes (eg, seizure frequency).
Performance analysis of heat pump polygeneration system
Authors: Shaik Vajeer Baba , Srinivas Tangellapalli , Kukreja Rajeev
Published: February 2024

A heat pump polygeneration system is a promising technology to meet daily needs such as drinking water, power, space cooling or heating, and hot water generation. This work is focused on integrating the solar heat pump and two-stage humidification–de-humidification with a minimum space requirement. In this integrated cycle, the desired outputs i.e. condenser heat and evaporator heat are used for maximizing hot water and desalinated water production with minimal thermal pollution. For warm or hot air generation, an air reheater device is used after the heat pump. By using the switching operation, the air reheater is used accordingly as per climatic conditions. So in this integrated cycle, a coconut coir-packed humidifier is used for the humidification process, and a water-cooled heat exchanger and heat pump evaporator are used for the dehumidification process to meet the desired outputs from the system. The MATLAB simulation tool is used to simulate the thermodynamic model of the integrated cycle, and it is focused on studying the effect of mass flow rate, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, evaporator temperature, and hot/cold water temperature, on outputs, as well as the energy conversion factor of the plant and cycle. At 25°C ambient air temperature, the energy conversion factor of the plant and cycle are 0.866 and 2.2, respectively. Similarly, at 75% humid air and 35°C surrounding air temperature, the gained output ratio and coefficient of performance are 4.03 and 1.964, respectively. And also, the plant and cycle energy conversion factors are 0.903 and 2.4.
A scoring system to evaluate stability of percutaneous osseointegrated implants for transfemoral amputation with validation in the ITAP clinical trial
Authors: Ahmed Kirstin , Blunn Gordon William
Published: February 2024

Percutaneous osseointegrated implants for individuals with lower limb amputation can increase mobility, reduce socket related pain, and improve quality of life. It would be useful to have an evaluation method to assess the interface between bone and implant. We assessed outpatient radiographs from the Intraosseous Transcutaneous Amputation Prosthesis clinical trial using an interface scoring system which summed and weighted equally measures of implant collar cortical ongrowth and radiolucency along the implant stem/bone interface. Radiographs from 12 participants with unilateral transfemoral amputations (10 males, 2 females, mean age = 43.2, SD = 7.4 years) in the clinical trial from cohort I (implanted in 2008/09) or cohort II (implanted in 2013/14) were collated (mean image span = 7.2, SD = 2.4 years), scale normalised, zoned, and measured in a repeatable way. Interface scores were calculated and then compared to clinical outcomes. Explanted participants received the lowest interface scores. A higher ratio of stem to residuum and shorter residuum’s produced better interface scores and there was an association (weak correlation) between participants with thin cortices and the lowest interface scores. A tapered, cemented, non curved stem may provide advantageous fixation while stem alignment did not appear critical. In summary, the interface score successfully demonstrated a non-invasive evaluation of percutaneous osseointegrated implants interfaces when applied to the Intraosseous Transcutaneous Amputation Prosthesis clinical trial. The clinical significance of this work is to identify events leading to aseptic or septic implant removal and contribute to clinical guidelines for monitoring rehabilitation, design and surgical fixation choices.
Stress and Coping Strategies in Malay Parents of Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Norsa’adah Bachok , Nurhazalini-Zayani Che Ghazali , Aniza Abd Aziz , Normastura Abd Rahman , Ahmad-Burhanudddin Abdullah
Published: February 2024

Objective

This study was aimed at describing the level of stress and types of coping strategies used among Malay parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P).

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

A dental clinic and a general hospital.

Participants

Parents (N = 84) whose children were less than 12 years old with CL/P.

Methods

Socio-demographic data and clinical characteristics of CL/P were collected. Self-administered validated Malay versions of the stress scale from the Depressive, Anxiety and Stress Scale-42 (DASS-42) and COPE Inventory questionnaires were used. Descriptive statistics and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance were used for data analysis.

Results

The prevalence of stress among parents of children with CL/P was 21.4% [95% confidence interval (12.4, 30.4)]. The most common coping strategies were problem-focused (mean 58.15, standard deviation (SD) 7.75), followed by emotion-focused (mean 54.05, SD 4.78). The adjusted mean score for overall coping strategies was significantly different between stressed and non-stressed parents after adjustment for education, number of children, sex of child with CL/P, and cleft type [F (df) = 4.174 (3,74), P = .009]. There was a significant mean difference between stressed and non-stressed parents for avoidant coping strategies [ P = .003]. Problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies did not differ after Bonferroni correction.

Conclusions

Around a fifth of parents caring for children with CL/P experienced stress and avoidant coping strategies were more common among stressed parents. Multi-disciplinary team care should provide social support to parents of children with CL/P.
The Street Spirit Has Not Faded Out Just Yet: A Criminological Exploration of the Street Methods of U.K. Ticket Touts in a Time of Bots and Illegal Online Resale
Authors: Moretti Alessandro
Published: February 2024

The phenomenon of buying and reselling tickets for profit, known in the United Kingdom as ticket touting, can offer insights into the online–offline overlaps of contemporary illicit-market activities. While the technological advancements of the last decades have revolutionized the way in which tickets for U.K. concerts and sporting events are bought and sold, traditional forms of offline touting are arguably far from extinct. And yet the focus and efforts of campaigners, the media, and of (some) members of parliament have been dedicated entirely to the online aspect of illegal ticket resale. Indeed, legislation banning the use of “bots” to purchase tickets was introduced in 2017, and additional measures that only target the online methods of a so-called new generation of touts are again being considered. Empirical data collected through observations outside music venues and football stadia alongside in-depth qualitative interviews with contemporary touts, however, reveal a very different picture. Not only is street touting surviving and thriving, new evidence suggests that the touts’ traditional street spirit and deviant savoir-faire are now effectively being emulated by the same online resale companies that stakeholders are trying to target. In fact, the failed attempts to curb this much-vilified practice can in part be attributed to a widespread neglect of the touts’ traditional offline practices. In particular, the touts’ use of creative strategies to deceive and manipulate consumers, and to exploit longstanding, favorable connections within the official, primary market, continue to elude experts. The article situates touting alongside other illicit-market phenomena that, although impacted by recent technological innovations, still rely on original forms of offline offending. While street touting is seldom mentioned in the debates on regulating tickets, it is the very connection between the illegal resale market's online and offline aspects that could shed light on the areas that most require attention and reform, beyond technology and the bots.
Correlation between aggression at the veterinary clinic and problem behaviors at home for cats in the USA
Authors: Gerken Alison , Lee Kyuyoung , Bain Melissa , Kim Sun-A
Published: February 2024

Objectives

The aim of the study was to determine whether cats that exhibit aggression during veterinary visits are more likely to have behavior problems at home.

Methods

An online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey was developed and distributed to residents in the USA who were aged over 18 years and who were the primary owners of at least one cat. The survey collected information about cat and household factors, and utilized a validated questionnaire instrument for obtaining behavioral information of pet cats.

Results

Aggression at the veterinary clinic was reported in 42.6% of the cats. The frequency of aggression exhibited at the veterinary clinic was lower in cats that lived in multi-cat households. Most cats did not receive medications intended to reduce fear, anxiety and/or pain before veterinary visits. Aggression at the veterinary clinic was positively associated with behavior problems at home, including stranger-directed aggression, owner-directed aggression, resistance to restraint, familiar cat aggression, dog-directed aggression, house-soiling, separation-related behaviors and scratching claws on inappropriate surfaces indoors.

Conclusions and relevance

Cats that exhibit aggression at the veterinary clinic are more likely to exhibit aggression and anxiety-related behaviors at home. Veterinarians should screen cats that exhibit aggression at the veterinary clinic for behavior problems at home to institute prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Using the Seraph® 100 Microbind® Affinity blood filter under slow flow conditions through 18 G and 16 G central lines
Authors: Seffer Malin-Theres , Meyer Torsten M , Borchina Dan-Nicolae , Kielstein Jan T , Schmidt Julius J
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

The Seraph® 100 Microbind® Affinity blood filter (Seraph® 100) has been in use since 2019 for the treatment of fulminant or difficult to treat blood stream infections as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy. In 2020 the device received emergency use authorization by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients with confirmed or imminent respiratory failure. Results of an international registry showed that the Seraph® 100 was operated under blood flow rates of 100–350 mL/min. As those conditions require a large bore central line, a dialysis catheter is currently considered indispensable to operate the Seraph® 100. The use of smaller catheter lumina has neither been evaluated in vitro nor in vivo.

Methods:

In vitro pressure data before and after the Seraph® 100 at various blood pump rates (prepump line 16 G, postpump line 18 G) with saline and human plasma were obtained. Further, anecdotal flow and pressure data of two patients treated with the Seraph® 100 for a COVID-19 infection are reported.

Results:

At a pump speed of 50 mL/min pre-Seraph® pressure using saline was −70 [−70 to −60] mm Hg. In comparison, using plasma pre-Seraph® pressure was lower at −120 [−120 to −105] mm Hg; p < 0.001 ( t-test). The post-Seraph® pressure at 50 mL/min using saline of 120 [110–130] mm Hg was not different from plasma at 130 [120–140] mm Hg, p = 0.152 ( t-test). Blood flow rates of 50 mL/min did not lead to preAP levels below −250 mm Hg in the two clinical cases.

Conclusion:

Seraph® 100 blood flow rate of 50 mL/min may be achieved using low flow vascular access, allowing to treat a blood volume 72 L in 24 h.
University students’ access to mental health services: A qualitative study of the experiences of health service professionals through the lens of candidacy in England
Authors: Osborn Tom G , Town Rosa , Bawendi Majeed , Stapley Emily , Saunders Rob , Fonagy Peter
Published: February 2024

Objectives

In order to develop a better understanding of students’ access to mental health services, we explored the experiences of health care professionals interacting with university students with mental health problems.

Methods

We interviewed 23 professionals working across university advice and counselling services, NHS general practice, crisis, and psychological services in North and East London between June 2022 and January 2023. Our approach drew on reflexive thematic analysis and the principles of abductive analysis. The notion of candidacy – that is, how different needs are deemed deserving of health service attention – was particularly helpful to our understanding of the ongoing phenomenon of interest in the data.

Results

Each student’s access to mental health support was highly contingent on the student’s dynamic social context and the pressures and organisation of the local health system. Professionals described how different students viewed different needs as deserving of health service attention. Which students reached the professional’s service depended on the resources and relationships a student could draw upon, and the service’s relative permeability. Once there, what action professionals took was strongly influenced by the professional’s service expertise, resource constraints, the relationships the professional’s service had with other organisations, the students’ wishes, and whether students regarded treatment offers as acceptable.

Conclusions

Candidacy offers a useful lens to view university students’ access to mental health support. Access appears to be an increasingly intricate task for students, given the fragmented service landscape, surging demand for mental health care and challenges of emerging adulthood. Our findings suggest that policy goals to increase use of mental health services are unlikely to improve outcomes for students without policy makers and health systems giving holistic consideration of inter-service relationships and available resources.
It’s our job to bridge the gap: Perspectives of bilingual autism providers on heritage language care
Authors: Martin Loya Melanie R , Meadan Hedda
Published: February 2024

Autistic children from heritage-language-speaking homes in the United States are a growing group that would benefit from tailored support that honors their linguistic heritage. Bilingual autistic adults share benefits of their bilingualism abilities and report childhood learning environments as necessary for facilitating language learning or maintenance. Caregivers of young autistic children also report the desire to maintain their heritage languages but sometimes struggle to do so due to misconceptions and a lack of resources such as bilingual personnel. This study was the first to explore U.S.-based bilingual providers’ ( N = 16) experiences and perceptions of providing bilingual care for autistic children. Data analysis was conducted using reflexive thematic analysis, and resulted in five themes, including (a) You Don’t Have to Change Who You Are: Experiences and Beliefs About Bilingualism, (b) Having the “Other” Perspective: Empathy and Intersectionality, (c) Services as a Gateway: Beliefs Rooted in Social Justice, (d) He Was Like a Different Child: Impacts of Receiving Heritage-Language Support, and (e) It Was Just Business: Impacts of Not Receiving Same Language Support. Findings from this study suggest that autistic children and their families benefit from heritage language care, and the recruitment and retention of a linguistically diverse workforce is recommended. Additional implications for research and practice are discussed.

Lay abstract

In the United States, many people have heritage languages they speak in their homes other than English, such as Chinese or Spanish. Autistic children whose families speak different languages could benefit from support and teaching in their heritage languages. Still, caregivers have reported that it is challenging to do so. Many autism professionals make suggestions that are not based on research. To date, researchers have not examined the perspectives of the small group of bilingual professionals in the United States who provide bilingual support for autistic children. Therefore, this study explored how bilingual autism providers in the United States talked about their work, bilingualism, and the impacts their bilingual work has on autistic children and families. The bilingual providers in this study reported many positive outcomes for autistic children when they can learn and use their heritage languages and some negative outcomes when providers cannot communicate in the same language. Recommendations from this study highlight the need to recruit more bilingual providers in the field of autism.
Specimen tomosynthesis provides no additional value to specimen ultrasound in ultrasound-visible malignant breast lesions
Authors: Almasarweh Sa’ed , Sudah Mazen , Okuma Hidemi , Joukainen Sarianna , Vanninen Ritva , Masarwah Amro
Published: February 2024

Background:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and added value of specimen tomosynthesis (ST) to specimen ultrasound (SUS) in margin assessment of excised breast specimens in breast-conserving therapy for non-palpable US-visible breast lesions.

Materials:

Between January 2018 and August 2019, all consecutive patients diagnosed with non-palpable breast cancer visible by ultrasound (US), treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and requiring radiological intraoperative breast specimen assessment, were included in this study. Excised breast specimens were examined with SUS by radiologists blinded to the ST results, and margins smaller than 10 mm were recorded. STs were evaluated retrospectively by experienced radiologists.

Results:

A total of 120 specimens were included. SUS showed a statistically significant correlation with pathological margin measurements, while ST did not and provided no additional information. The odds ratios (ORs) for SUS to predict a positive margin was 3.429 (confidence interval (CI) = 0.548–21.432) using a 10-mm cut-off point and 14.182 (CI = 2.134–94.254) using a 5-mm cut-off point, while the OR for ST were 2.528 (CI = 0.400–15.994) and 3.188 (CI = 0.318–31.998), respectively.

Conclusions:

SUS was superior in evaluating intraoperative resection margins of US-visible breast resection specimens when compared to ST. Therefore, ST could be considered redundant in applicable situations.
Associations Between Trauma and Health Behaviors and Outcomes Among Sexual Minoritized Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Parker Vanessa L. , Liechty Janet M. , Cantoni Nicole P.
Published: February 2024

Sexual minoritized (SM) adults experience health disparities and report higher rates of trauma history compared to heterosexual adults. This scoping review synthesizes the extant literature that investigates associations between trauma and physical health among SM adults. It also describes research instruments utilized to assess trauma in relation to health outcomes among SM adults. We searched CINAHL, LGBT+ Life, PsycINFO, and PubMed to identify studies meeting inclusion criteria: peer-reviewed, English, assessed trauma as an independent variable, and assessed health behaviors or outcomes among SM adults. From 587 nonduplicate articles, 69 full texts were reviewed; 18 met criteria and were included in this review. To enhance rigor, we utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Scoping Reviews checklist. Most ( n = 12) of the included studies were cross-sectional. Trauma was assessed 16 different ways, including 9 validated measures, in relation to 5 health behaviors and 17 health conditions. Trauma was operationalized by history of childhood sexual abuse, adverse childhood experiences, lifetime rape, current symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, and lifetime victimization among SM adults. All but one study found associations between trauma and one or more unfavorable health behaviors or outcomes. Studies used widely heterogeneous instruments to assess trauma, health, and SM identity. Greater specification and standardization of measurement is needed, along with contextualized assessments of trauma and its impact on health such as sexual minority stress-related victimization and resilience, and post-traumatic growth and recovery processes.
A Culturally Specific Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) Program to Improve Diet in Immigrant Communities in Brooklyn, New York
Authors: Chan Sze Wan (Celine) , Chin Matthew , Suss Rachel , Kui Kiran , Lam Stanley Z. , Dowd Elizabeth , Bosen Calliope , Mei Steve , Barth Kathleen , Hughes Michelle , Yi Stella S.
Published: February 2024

Anti-Asian and anti-immigrant sentiment has surged in the country in the last 3 years. Food insecurity is also on the rise; in our local needs assessment of n = 1,270 Asian American adults in New York City, accessing food was cited as the number 1 priority among those who needed help. Finally, racial discrimination and food access are related to fear of being attacked—driving feelings of safety and therefore willingness to travel for food. To combat these narratives and leveraging pivots by our community partners, we implemented a community-supported agriculture pilot program (n = 38) to assess whether culturally appropriate food access can improve diet and foster cross-cultural learning among immigrant families in Brooklyn, NY. Over a 20-week period from June to October 2022, participants received Chinese-specific produce and nutrition education. Participants reported eating more and a greater variety of vegetables and had higher vegetable intake measured via skin carotenoid scores. This pilot may inform the adaptation of nutrition interventions to reduce inequities in chronic diseases in immigrant communities.
Long-Term Outcomes of Endovascular Repair Within and Outside the Instructions for Use in Korean Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Lee Joonpyo , Oh Pyung Chun , Jang Albert Youngwoo , Ahn Chul-Min , Choi Donghoon , Ko Young-Guk , Kang Woong Chol
Published: February 2024

Objective:

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has been used worldwide to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Outcomes after EVAR within and outside the instruction for use (IFU) remain controversial. We analyzed long-term outcomes of EVAR within-the-IFU compared with that outside-the-IFU and baseline clinical/anatomical characteristics that influence outcomes of EVAR.

Methods:

The study included 546 patients who underwent EVAR for infrarenal AAA from 1997 to 2021 at 2 Korean medical centers. The primary endpoint was graft-related adverse events (GRAEs), including type 1 or 3 endoleak, reintervention (included open conversion), aneurysm sac enlargement, aneurysm-related mortality (ARM), rupture, stent-graft migration, and stent thrombotic occlusion.

Results:

The patients who underwent EVAR outside the IFU were 287 (52.6%). A neck angle of >60° was most common outside the IFU criteria (n=146, 50.9%). This study revealed that patients outside the IFU had a higher rate of GRAEs compared with patients within the IFU (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.879; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.045–2.386). A neck angle of >60° was a significant risk factor for GRAEs (adjusted HR: 2.229; 95% CI: 1.418–3.503), type 1 or 3 endoleak (adjusted HR: 2.640; 95% CI: 1.343–5.189), and reintervention (adjusted HR: 1.891; 95% CI: 1.055–3.388).

Conclusions:

Our study revealed EVAR with outside the IFU was associated with increased GRAEs, mainly attributed to endoleak and ARM, compared with EVAR with within the IFU. In addition, severe neck angulation was an independent risk factor for GRAEs, type 1 or 3 endoleak, and reintervention.

Clinical Impact

Our study revealed endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with outside-the-instruction for use (IFU) was associated with increased graft-related adverse events (GRAEs) compared with EVAR with within-the-IFU. In the low-risk population, the incidence of GRAEs and Aneurysm related mortality were higher in the outside-the-IFU group rather than within-the-IFU group. In addition, severe neck angulation was an independent risk factor for GRAEs, type 1 or 3 endoleak and reintervention.
Ongoing Challenges Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic Among People With Brain Injury
Authors: Kersey Jessica , R. McArthur Amy , Hammel Joy
Published: February 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated social isolation among people with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Yet, little is known about how changes in personal factors, environmental factors, or the characteristics of activities affected social participation. We examined experiences with social isolation and barriers to social participation using the person–environment–occupation–performance model as a framework. Twelve adults with TBI participated in a series of three focus groups. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. We identified two primary themes with sub-themes: (1) social isolation experiences: (1a) emotional impact and (1b) managing personal risk; and (2) greater barriers but a lack of strategies to address them: (2a) access and opportunities and (2b) social and societal factors. New environmental barriers and task demands affected occupational performance, and participants identified few successful strategies to overcome these barriers. Occupational therapy can develop new strategies to re-balance the person–environment fit and enhance social participation.
A Readability Study of Carpal Tunnel Release in 2023
Authors: Kayastha Ankur , Lakshmanan Kirthika , Valentine Michael J. , Kramer Hunter D. , Kim James , Pettinelli Nicholas , Kramer Robert C.
Published: February 2024

Background:

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the American Medical Association (AMA) recommend a sixth-grade reading level for patient-directed content. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the readability of online information sources related to carpal tunnel surgery using established readability indices.

Methods:

Web searches for “carpal tunnel release” and “carpal tunnel decompression surgery” queries were performed using Google, and the first 20 websites were identified per query. WebFX online software tools were utilized to determine readability. Indices included Flesch Kincaid Reading Ease, Flesch Kincaid Grade Level, Coleman Liau Index, Automated Readability Index, Gunning Fog Score, and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook Index. Health-specific clickthrough rate (CTR) data were used in order to select the first 20 search engine results page from each query.

Results:

“Carpal tunnel release” had a mean readability of 8.46, and “carpal tunnel decompression surgery” had a mean readability of 8.70. The range of mean readability scores among the indices used for both search queries was 6.17 to 14.0. The total mean readability for carpal tunnel surgery information was found to be 8.58. This corresponds to approximately a ninth-grade reading level in the United States.

Conclusion:

The average readability of carpal tunnel surgery online content is three grade levels above the recommended sixth-grade level for patient-directed materials. This discrepancy indicates that existing online materials related to carpal tunnel surgery are more difficult to understand than the standards set by NIH and AMA.
Hyperdense sign as a predictor for successful recanalization and clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gharaibeh Khaled , Aladamat Nameer , Samara Mohammad , Mierzwa Adam T. , Ali Ahsan , Zaidi Syed , Jumaa Mouhammad
Published: February 2024

Objective

To assess the prognostic values of hyperdense sign on pretreatment non-contrast head CT scan for successful recanalization (mTICI ≥2b) and 90-day good functional outcome (mRs 0-2) in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Methods

Literature search on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases from inception up to 1 November 2023 was conducted. Twelve studies which reported hyperdense sign, recanalization and clinical outcomes were included in qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis.

Results

Pooled analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between successful recanalization and hyperdense sign-positive patients who underwent MT (odd ratios (OR) = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–2.10, p = 0.04). No statistically significant association was demonstrated between presence of hyperdense sign and good functional outcome (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.72–1.49, p = 0.85) or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage sICH (OR: 1.80, 95% CI 0.72–4.47, p = 0.21)

Conclusions

This meta-analysis demonstrated that pre-intervention hyperdense sign on CT imaging might be useful in prediction of successful recanalization after MT.
A Method for Synthesizing Qualitative Data Sources in the Co-Production of Postvention Guidelines for the NHS: A Worked Example
Authors: Causer Hilary , Spiers Johanna , Riley Ruth
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we introduce a novel method for the synthesis of qualitative data and co-production in the development of evidence-based guidelines. The call for evidence-based practice in healthcare settings has been dominated by a focus on patient groups, overlooking the need for robust guidelines to inform the delivery of support or developmental interventions for staff members. We propose an eight-step method that brings together primary and secondary qualitative data with co-produced data. Data is synthesised at two of the eight stages. This method generates robust findings and recommendations which are well suited to informing written guidelines. We present our experience of implementing this method in the development of postvention guidelines for the support of National Health Service (NHS) staff following the death by suicide of a colleague. This worked example illustrates the application of the method to the generation of evidence-based, co-produced practice guidelines. We discuss the application of qualitative data and co-production in the development of fit for purpose guidelines, and the lack of transparent reporting of methods in existing guidelines. We recommend that guidelines should be underpinned by empirical evidence and developed in consultation with stakeholders and end-users, including those who will implement and those who will receive treatment or intervention. For transparency and to inform end-users, we conclude that written guidelines should always detail the methods employed in their production.
Transient conjugate free convection within flexible enclosure having discrete heat source
Authors: Alhashash Abeer , Saleh Habibis
Published: February 2024

Transient conjugate free convection in flexible enclosure is examined numerically. Isoflux heat sources are mounted in a left wall of finite thermal conductivity while a right wall is assumed to be hyper-flexible. The finite element method (FEM) is adopted to solve the governing partial differential equations, an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) approach inherent in the unstructured mesh. The governing parameters under consideration are: the number of the heat source, [Formula: see text], the thickness of the heat source, [Formula: see text], and the Rayleigh number, [Formula: see text]. It is determined that the development of conjugate convection heat transfer experiences through an initial phase, a transition phase, and a steady state phase. Each phase interval is shifted by adjusting the thickness of the heat source. Higher number and thicker of heat source cases had an ignorant effect on the shape of the flexible wall, but they tend to suppress the heat transfer rate. Increasing the block amplitude by 25% for [Formula: see text] results in reductions of the values of [Formula: see text] to 24%, 20%, and 28% respectively.
Limits of Symmetry Conceptualization in Pigeons
Authors: Huber L. , Aust U. , Michelbach G. , Ölzant S. , Loidolt M. , Nowotny R.
Published: February 2024

Three experiments investigated the discrimination of artificial patterns on the basis of an underlying symmetry rule by pigeons. In Experiment 1, two groups were trained to discriminate between different types of bilaterally symmetric and asymmetric “chequerboard” patterns. In the second experiment, we tested the ability of pigeons to generalize to novel patterns. Successful transfer was confined to patterns similar to those used for training in Experiment 1. Experiment 3 was designed to investigate the positive results obtained by Delius and Nowak (1982). Naive pigeons were trained on tasks either involving copies of their training patterns, or employing their training procedure, or both. The behaviour of these pigeons was similar to that found in Experiments 1 and 2 but different from that obtained by Delius and Nowak (1982). The results of these experiments indicate that the use of symmetry as an abstract concept: (a) depends on the type of stimuli used, and (b) is not an easy task for pigeons.
Education in Emergencies: Mapping the Global Education Research Landscape in the Context of the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Durrani Naureen , Ozawa Vanessa
Published: February 2024

This study uses an education in emergencies (EiE) lens and a scientometric approach to examine the educational research landscape during the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing 95,628 publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2020 to February 2023. It employed descriptive and network approaches to map growth trajectory, productivity, social structure, conceptual structure, and research methodologies used in the retrieved sources. The findings reveal a steady increase in publications on education and COVID-19 since the onset of the pandemic. However, the majority of productive countries and institutions are in the Global North, with limited representation from the Global South, except for China. English is the dominant language in publications, and funding agencies from English-speaking countries are the most active. The most frequently occurring keywords revolve around performativity, institutions, teaching methodologies, attitudes, and experiences, while keywords related to social justice are a peripheral focus. Publications mainly focus on technical and methodological aspects of education, such as online teaching and learning. Most productive journals represent a mix of foci and are not limited to distance learning. The extracted literature showcases diversity in research methodologies used. Future studies should use systematic reviews on narrow topics to evaluate the effects of the pandemic, inform decision-making, enhance education system resilience, and envision a more equitable education system. The study’s contributions are notable for its unique EiE perspective, comprehensive scope, extensive data extraction, and meticulous examination of research design, effectively addressing limitations in bibliometric software.
Characteristics of Spinal Morphology According to the “Current” and “Theoretical” Roussouly Classification Systems in a Diverse, Asymptomatic Cohort: Multi-Ethnic Alignment Normative Study (MEANS)
Authors: Shen Yong , Sardar Zeeshan M. , Malka Matan , Katiyar Prerana , Greisberg Gabriella , Hassan Fthimnir , Reyes Justin L. , Le Huec Jean-Charles , Bourret Stephane , Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Wong Hee Kit , Liu Gabriel , Dennis Hey Hwee Weng , Riahi Hend , Kelly Michael , Lombardi Joseph M. , Lenke Lawrence G. ,   Multi-Ethnic Alignment Normative Study Group
Published: February 2024

Study Design

Cross-sectional cohort study.

Objective

To classify spinal morphology using the “current” and “theoretical” Roussouly systems and assess sagittal alignment in an asymptomatic cohort.

Methods

467 asymptomatic volunteers were recruited from 5 countries. Radiographic parameters were measured via the EOS imaging system. “Current” and “theoretical” Roussouly classification was assigned with sagittal whole spine imaging using sacral slope (SS), pelvic incidence (PI), and the lumbar apex. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare subject characteristics across Roussouly types, followed by post hoc Bonferroni correction.

Results

Volunteers were categorized into 4 groups (Types 1-4) and 1 subgroup (Type 3 AP) using the “current” and “theoretical” Roussouly systems. The mean PI in “current” Roussouly groups was 40.8° (Type 1), 43.6° (Type 2), 52.4° (Type 3), 62.4° (Type 4), and 43.7° (Type 3AP). The mean PI in “theoretical” Roussouly groups was 36.5° (Type 1), 39.1°(Type 2), 52.5° (Type 3), 67.3° (Type 4), and 51.0° (Type 3AP). The difference in PI between “current” and “theoretical” Roussouly types was significant for Type 1 ( P = .02), Type 2 ( P < .001), Type 4 ( P < .001), and Type 3AP ( P < .001). 34.7% of subjects had a “current” Roussouly type different from the “theoretical” type. Type 3 theoretical shape had the most frequent mismatch, constituting 61.1% of the mismatched subjects. 51.5% of mismatched Type 3 become “current” Type 4.

Conclusion

The distribution of Roussouly types differs depending on whether the “current” or “theoretical” classification are employed. A sizeable proportion of volunteers exhibited current and theoretical type mismatch, highlighting the need to interpret sagittal alignment cautiously when utilizing the Roussouly system.