bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loss of MutL Disrupts CHK2-Dependent Cell-Cycle Control through CDK4/6 to Promote Intrinsic Endocrine Therapy Resistance in Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Haricharan Svasti , Punturi Nindo , Singh Purba , Holloway Kimberly R. , Anurag Meenakshi , Schmelz Jacob , Schmidt Cheryl , Lei Jonathan T. , Suman Vera , Hunt Kelly , Olson John A. , Hoog Jeremy , Li Shunqiang , Huang Shixia , Edwards Dean P. , Kavuri Shyam M. , Bainbridge Matthew N. , Ma Cynthia X. , Ellis Matthew J.
Published: August 2017

Significant endocrine therapy–resistant tumor proliferation is present in ≥20% of estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) primary breast cancers and is associated with disease recurrence and death. Here, we uncover a link between intrinsic endocrine therapy resistance and dysregulation of the MutL mismatch repair (MMR) complex (MLH1/3, PMS1/2), and demonstrate a direct role for MutL complex loss in resistance to all classes of endocrine therapy. We find that MutL deficiency in ER+ breast cancer abrogates CHK2-mediated inhibition of CDK4, a prerequisite for endocrine therapy responsiveness. Consequently, CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) remain effective in MutL-defective ER+ breast cancer cells. These observations are supported by data from a clinical trial where a CDK4/6i was found to strongly inhibit aromatase inhibitor–resistant proliferation of MutL-defective tumors. These data suggest that diagnostic markers of MutL deficiency could be used to direct adjuvant CDK4/6i to a population of patients with breast cancer who exhibit marked resistance to the current standard of care.

Significance: MutL deficiency in a subset of ER+ primary tumors explains why CDK4/6 inhibition is effective against some de novo endocrine therapy–resistant tumors. Therefore, markers of MutL dysregulation could guide CDK4/6 inhibitor use in the adjuvant setting, where the risk benefit ratio for untargeted therapeutic intervention is narrow. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1168–83. ©2017 AACR.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047
Inducible Activation of MyD88 and CD40 in CAR T Cells Results in Controllable and Potent Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Solid Tumor Models
Authors: Mata Melinda , Gerken Claudia , Nguyen Phuong , Krenciute Giedre , Spencer David M. , Gottschalk Stephen
Published: August 2017

Adoptive immunotherapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) has had limited success for solid tumors in early-phase clinical studies. We reasoned that introducing into CAR T cells an inducible costimulatory (iCO) molecule consisting of a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID)–binding domain and the MyD88 and CD40 signaling domains would improve and control CAR T-cell activation. In the presence of CID, T cells expressing HER2–CARζ and a MyD88/CD40–based iCO molecule (HER2ζ.iCO T cells) had superior T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, and ability to sequentially kill targets in vitro relative to HER2ζ.iCO T cells without CID and T cells expressing HER2–CAR.CD28ζ. HER2ζ.iCO T cells with CID also significantly improved survival in vivo in two xenograft models. Repeat injections of CID were able to further increase the antitumor activity of HER2ζ.iCO T cells in vivo. Thus, expressing MyD88/CD40–based iCO molecules in CAR T cells has the potential to improve the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy approaches for solid tumors.

Significance: Inducible activation of MyD88 and CD40 in CAR T cells with a small-molecule drug not only enhances their effector function, resulting in potent antitumor activity in preclinical solid tumors, but also enables their remote control post infusion. Cancer Discov; 7(11); 1306–19. ©2017 AACR.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1201
Comparison of Acute Thrombogenicity for Metallic and Polymeric Bioabsorbable Scaffolds
Authors: Waksman Ron , Lipinski Michael J. , Acampado Eduardo , Cheng Qi , Adams Lila , Torii Sho , Gai Jiaxiang , Torguson Rebecca , Hellinga David M. , Westman Peter C. , Joner Michael , Zumstein Philine , Kolodgie Frank D. , Virmani Renu
Published: August 2017

Background—

A comparison in acute thrombogenicity between the Magmaris sirolimus-eluting bioabsorbable magnesium scaffold and the Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold has not been performed. This study assessed acute thrombogenicity of Magmaris compared with Absorb and the Orsiro hybrid drug-eluting stent in a porcine arteriovenous shunt model.

Methods and Results—

An ex vivo porcine carotid jugular arteriovenous shunt was established and connected to SYLGARD tubing containing the Magmaris, Absorb, and Orsiro scaffolds/stents and allowed to run in the shunt for a maximum of 1 hour. Twelve shunts (2 shunt runs per pig) were run comparing the 3 scaffolds in alternating order. Nested generalized linear mixed models were used to compare variables between scaffold groups while adjusting for variability between shunt runs. Confocal fluorescent microscopy costaining CD61/CD42b demonstrated that both Magmaris (3.0%) and Orsiro (4.6%) had less platelet coverage of the total scaffold compared with Absorb (21.8%). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated significantly less thrombus deposition to Magmaris as a percentage of the total scaffold compared with Absorb (5.0% versus 16.1%,
P
=0.02). Magmaris had significantly less PM-1–positive neutrophil and CD14-positive monocyte adherence compared with both Orsiro and Absorb. Orsiro had significantly less monocyte deposition compared with Absorb.

Conclusions—

Despite a similar scaffold strut thickness, the Magmaris sirolimus-eluting bioabsorbable magnesium scaffold was significantly less thrombogenic compared with the Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold in an ex vivo porcine arteriovenous shunt model. Further studies are needed to determine whether the reduced thrombogenicity of Magmaris will result in reductions in major cardiovascular events.
Cangrelor in Older Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Cavender Matthew A. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Stone Gregg W. , Steg Ph. Gabriel , Gibson C. Michael , Hamm Christian W. , Price Matthew J. , Prats Jayne , Elkin Steven , Deliargyris Efthymios N. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , White Harvey D. , Harrington Robert A.
Published: August 2017

Background—

Older patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention are at increased risk of periprocedural events.

Methods and Results—

CHAMPION (cangrelor versus standard therapy to achieve optimal management of platelet inhibition) PHOENIX randomized 11 145 patients to cangrelor or clopidogrel. We sought to determine the outcomes in the prespecified subgroup of patients ≥75 years old (n=2010; 18%). Cangrelor resulted in directionally consistent effects on the primary end point (death, myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, or stent thrombosis) in patients ≥75 years old (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50–1.02) and in those <75 years old (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67–0.98;
P
[interaction]=0.55). Age ≥75 years was an independent predictor of GUSTO (Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries) moderate/severe bleeding (1.0% versus 0.3%; adjusted OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.28–6.77;
P
=0.01) when compared with patients <75 years old. There was no significant difference in GUSTO moderate/severe bleeding with cangrelor versus clopidogrel (1.1% versus 1.0%; OR, 1.07; 95% CI 0.45–2.53) in patients ≥75 years old or in those <75 years old (0.4% versus 0.2%; OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.02–4.93;
P
[interaction]=0.21). For the net composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, or stent thrombosis plus GUSTO moderate/severe bleeding, the OR for cangrelor in those ≥75 years old was 0.75 (6.4% versus 8.3%; 95% CI, 0.54–1.05;
P
=0.09). The effects were similar in those <75 years old (4.9% versus 5.8%; OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.70–1.02;
P
=0.08;
P
[interaction]=0.53).

Conclusions—

Patients ≥75 years old have an overall ≈3-fold increased odds of moderate/severe bleeding. Cangrelor, when compared with clopidogrel, provides similar efficacy and in patients ≥75 years old as in those <75 years old but does not increase the risk of major bleeding.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01156571.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Renal Function Are Associated With Brain Alterations and Poststroke Cognitive Decline
Authors: Ben Assayag Einor , Eldor Roy , Korczyn Amos D. , Kliper Efrat , Shenhar-Tsarfaty Shani , Tene Oren , Molad Jeremy , Shapira Itzhak , Berliner Shlomo , Volfson Viki , Shopin Ludmila , Strauss Yehuda , Hallevi Hen , Bornstein Natan M. , Auriel Eitan
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose—

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with diseases of the brain, kidney, and vasculature. However, the relationship between T2DM, chronic kidney disease, brain alterations, and cognitive function after stroke is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the inter-relationship between T2DM, impaired renal function, brain pathology on imaging, and cognitive decline in a longitudinal poststroke cohort.

Methods—

The TABASCO (Tel Aviv brain acute stroke cohort) is a prospective cohort of stroke/transient ischemic attack survivors. The volume and white matter integrity, ischemic lesions, and brain and hippocampal volumes were measured at baseline using 3-T MRI. Cognitive tests were performed on 507 patients, who were diagnosed as having mild cognitive impairment, dementia, or being cognitively intact after 24 months.

Results—

At baseline, T2DM and impaired renal function (estimated creatinine clearance [eCCl] <60 mL/min) were associated with smaller brain and hippocampal volumes, reduced cortical thickness, and worse white matter microstructural integrity. Two years later, both T2DM and eCCl <60 mL/min were associated with poorer cognitive scores, and 19.7% of the participants developed cognitive decline (mild cognitive impairment or dementia). Multiple analysis, controlling for age, sex, education, and apolipoprotein E4, showed a significant association of both T2DM and eCCl <60 mL/min with cognitive decline. Having both conditions doubled the risk compared with patients with T2DM or eCCl <60 mL/min alone and almost quadrupled the risk compared with patients without either abnormality.

Conclusions—

T2DM and impaired renal function are independently associated with abnormal brain structure, as well as poorer performance in cognitive tests, 2 years after stroke. The presence of both conditions quadruples the risk for cognitive decline. T2DM and lower eCCl have an independent and additive effect on brain atrophy and the risk of cognitive decline.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01926691.
The Political Darwīsh
Authors: al-Shaikh Abdul-Rahim
Published: August 2017

Maḥmūd Darwīsh spent his life as a poet, a public intellectual, and a politician working “in defense of little differences,” and he is often quoted by Palestinian compatriots to explain their seemingly inexplicable history. After the Nakbah of 1948—the rules of engagement in flux, and Palestinians subject to harsh colonial conditions—Eden, Troy, al-Andalus, and Exodus became not only terrains of metaphor and political rhetoric in Darwīsh’s poetic lexica, but also fleeting heterotopias, heavily employed in his public intellectualism in constructing the phraseme of “little differences.” This article is not a critical reading of Darwīsh’s poetry but rather of his prose texts, and argues that the would-be dichotomy between aesthetics and politics was mediated by Darwīsh through the “little differences” between the roles of poetry and prose in defending national and universal causes; and the “little differences” that make up Palestine’s relation to myth and history. Triumph and defeat come to mean through Troy as a metaphor for Palestine, the fall of al-Andalus standing in for Palestine’s fall to Euro-Zionist colonial projects, the location of the Palestinian ever on the periphery of modern Jewish ethics, ever re-enacting Biblical scenes. Reading the polemics of such cultural landscapes and political geographies, this article maps Darwīsh’s vision for justice in historic Palestine and its diaspora.
Freedom of Religion or Belief and Employment Law
Authors: Vickers Lucy
Published: August 2017

This article explores the extent to which the jurisprudence of the European Convention on Human Rights has promoted the protection of freedom of religion or belief in the context of the workplace since the decision in Kokkinakis v. Greece. As a preliminary question, it explores whether and why freedom of religion or belief extends to the employment relationship. It then considers two main areas where freedom of religion or belief interacts with employment: the rights of religious workers to manifest religion or belief at work, and the rights of religious organisations to impose religious requirements on their staff.
Exploring the Efficacy of Facebook Groups for Collective Occupant Learning About Using Their Homes
Authors: Baborska-Narozny Magdalena , Stirling Eve , Stevenson Fionn
Published: August 2017

Using Facebook Groups to connect otherwise anonymous people that live in a single urban development is a relatively new phenomenon. Within residential developments, there are a number of common comfort, management, and performance issues experienced by many isolated inhabitants that are identified through building performance evaluation studies. Facebook is a ubiquitous social network tool and powerful communication platform, particularly popular among young adults. This article explores the use of closed Facebook Groups in relation to collective learning about home use in two residential communities in the United Kingdom. Data were collected through longitudinal digital and physical visits to case study residential developments and to the Facebook Group sites. Group development, dynamics, and the quality of knowledge sharing is evaluated. Findings are presented in relation to home use learning, as it proved to be a vital theme of each Group’s activity. We propose that weak-tie urban communities can develop collective efficacy through communicating on a Facebook Group that enables quality learning based on reciprocal sharing of experiences and knowledge by its members. This helps tackle comfort issues experienced, lower the cost of living, and share bespoke, context-specific home use best practice. Strong engagement and leadership of group administrators limited to early stages of the Groups’ formation followed by high rate of activity by the majority of members was key. There was a clear overlap observed between social media narrative and the physical experiences of daily life, which helps support residents. The analysis suggests the positive effect of the learning environment created bottom-up would not be easily transferable to professional applications.
Social Media and Society: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Gruzd Anatoliy , Jacobson Jenna , Wellman Barry , Mai Philip H.
Published: August 2017

As a scholarly domain, social media research has come a long way since the term “social media” first appeared in the literature in the early 2000s. Since then, researchers across disciplines have been actively examining the impact of social media on society. According to Web of Science, there are currently over 19,000 academic articles that include the term “social media.” This special issue of American Behavioral Scientist adds to this rapidly growing body of social media research with a focus on exploring (1) networked influence, (2) transmission of (mis)information, and (3) online and offline, which points to an unstated struggle between top-down attempts by governments and large organizations to influence society and bottom-up citizen articulations of needs and actions.
A Cross-National Comparison of Sub-National Variation
Authors: Enriquez Elaine , Sybblis Martin , Centeno Miguel Angel
Published: August 2017

Previous research has highlighted that, in addition to being operationally opaque, the concept of state capacity has been confined to national and cross-national analysis, with inadequate attention paid to variations at the regional and sub-national levels of the state. Our current research seeks to help remedy this lacuna. Inspired by the growing consensus that state capacity is not monolithic, but instead comprises capabilities distributed in distinct ways across sectors and institutions, we have developed a parsimonious approach to understanding the concept so as to increase its utility. Specifically, we explore variations in the provision of government services across sectors, wealth, geography, and urbanity in three countries: India, Peru, and Ukraine—representing Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. Importantly, we offer an analysis of state capacity as a function of variation as measured by standard deviation.
Corporate governance in Colombian universities
Authors: Flórez-Parra Jesús Mauricio , López-Pérez María Victoria , López-Hernández Antonio Manuel
Published: August 2017

In a context of greater demands in terms of accountability and transparency in management, we analyse the extent to which Corporate Governance (CG) mechanisms have been adopted and we define the model of governance in universities in Colombia. In the field of higher education, there are usually no compulsory requirements related to CG. Nevertheless, governance mechanisms are nowadays crucial in determining the objectives, strategies and direction of universities. Based on a survey of 81 rectors of higher education institutions in Colombia, we analyse the models of CG adopted (managerial and stakeholder models). The results contribute to a better understanding of key CG concepts at universities.

Points for practitioners

There is an increasing awareness of the importance of improving the mechanisms of governance that may help to achieve greater effectiveness and efficiency in the management of resources and awareness of society. The analysis of the predominant CG models, the stakeholder model and the managerial model, and the way in which Colombian universities are introducing these models could be used to promote the establishment of a common legal framework. This model should be flexible and include different opinions and preferences. The results may be useful and could be transferred to other countries that have the same characteristics.
Linguistic Discrimination Toward Roma: Can Intergroup Threat Enhance Bias?
Authors: Albarello Flavia , Rubini Monica
Published: August 2017

This study tested whether intergroup threat enhances prejudice and discrimination toward the highly discriminated out-group of Roma. An implicit measure of linguistic discrimination, namely language abstraction of terms used in Roma descriptions, and an explicit measure of affective prejudice, that is, feelings thermometer, were employed. The relation between implicit and explicit discrimination was also analyzed. Threat enhanced linguistic derogation and affective prejudice toward Roma. Linguistic abstraction mediated threat’s effect on affective prejudice. The implications of the findings were discussed with reference to the role of language in shaping intergroup relations and social exclusion.
The Association Between Intimate Partner Violence and Signs of Depression During Pregnancy in Kilimanjaro Region, Northern Tanzania
Authors: Manongi Rachel , Rogathi Jane , Sigalla Geofrey , Mushi Declare , Rasch Vibeke , Gammeltoft Tine , Meyrowitsch Dan W.
Published: August 2017

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women is common with severe health consequences to women and their babies. The aim of the present study is to measure the association between IPV and signs of depression among pregnant women attending antenatal care in a semi-urban setting in northern Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1, 2014, to May 30, 2015, among pregnant women attending routine antenatal care in Moshi Municipality, Tanzania. During their third trimester, self-reported exposure to IPV was assessed using a validated structured questionnaire adopted from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence. Signs of depression were assessed using Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale. A total of 1,116 pregnant women were included in the analysis. A total number of 433 (38.8%) reported to be exposed to at least one type of violence during their pregnancy, and 128 (11.5%) presented with signs of depression. The most common type of violence experienced was emotional violence (30.7%), followed by sexual violence (19.0%) and physical violence (10.0%). Exposure to at least one type of violence was the strongest predictor for depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [3.25, 7.86]), followed by women who reported their primary source of emotional support was individuals not related to their family as compared with support obtained from their male partner/husband (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI = [1.26, 4.02]). Positive HIV/AIDS status (AOR = 2.27; 95% CI = [1.01, 5.14]) and previous history of depression (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI = [1.00, 2.64]). After adjusting for other predictors and types of violence, physical violence was the strongest predictor for signs of depression (AOR = 4.42; 95% CI = [2.65, 7.37]). Signs of depression were commonly observed among pregnant women and strongly associated with exposure to any type of IPV. The present findings indicate an urgent need for screening depression and IPV to mitigate the adverse health outcomes related to both IPV and depression during pregnancy.
Relationship Dynamics and Intimate Partner Violence Among Israeli College Students: The Moderating Effect of Communication Problems
Authors: Goussinsky Ruhama , Michael Keren , Yassour-Borochowitz Dalit
Published: August 2017

The present study, based on data from the International Dating Violence Study obtained in 2004 ( N = 465) and on data obtained in 2015 ( N = 392), estimated the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration among Israeli college students. The main purpose of the study was to investigate whether communication problems (i.e., avoidant communication and disrespectful communication) intensify the effects of relationship dynamics (dominance, partner’s controlling behavior, and jealousy) on physical IPV. A series of χ2 analyses, independent t tests, and logistic regressions was conducted separately for each sample. Results revealed that in 2015, approximately 20% of the participants reported being a victim of at least one act of physical violence and more than 10% of the participants reported severely attacking a partner. Although there was a significant decline in the prevalence of the severe type of sexual violence victimization, most of the differences between the samples were not significant. The findings further showed that regardless of gender or age, dominance significantly increased the odds of physical violence perpetration, and partner’s controlling behavior significantly increased the odds of physical violence victimization. Finally, the interaction effects that were found suggest that when relationships are characterized by an imbalance of power, communication problems may increase the risk of physical violence. The current study provides initial support for the idea that communication difficulties may contribute to conflict escalation and exacerbate the effects of relationship risk factors on physical IPV.
Investigation, sensitivity analysis, and multi-objective optimization of effective parameters on temperature and force in robotic drilling cortical bone
Authors: Tahmasbi Vahid , Ghoreishi Majid , Zolfaghari Mojtaba
Published: August 2017

The bone drilling process is very prominent in orthopedic surgeries and in the repair of bone fractures. It is also very common in dentistry and bone sampling operations. Due to the complexity of bone and the sensitivity of the process, bone drilling is one of the most important and sensitive processes in biomedical engineering. Orthopedic surgeries can be improved using robotic systems and mechatronic tools. The most crucial problem during drilling is an unwanted increase in process temperature (higher than 47 °C), which causes thermal osteonecrosis or cell death and local burning of the bone tissue. Moreover, imposing higher forces to the bone may lead to breaking or cracking and consequently cause serious damage. In this study, a mathematical second-order linear regression model as a function of tool drilling speed, feed rate, tool diameter, and their effective interactions is introduced to predict temperature and force during the bone drilling process. This model can determine the maximum speed of surgery that remains within an acceptable temperature range. Moreover, for the first time, using designed experiments, the bone drilling process was modeled, and the drilling speed, feed rate, and tool diameter were optimized. Then, using response surface methodology and applying a multi-objective optimization, drilling force was minimized to sustain an acceptable temperature range without damaging the bone or the surrounding tissue. In addition, for the first time, Sobol statistical sensitivity analysis is used to ascertain the effect of process input parameters on process temperature and force. The results show that among all effective input parameters, tool rotational speed, feed rate, and tool diameter have the highest influence on process temperature and force, respectively. The behavior of each output parameters with variation in each input parameter is further investigated. Finally, a multi-objective optimization has been performed considering all the aforementioned parameters. This optimization yielded a set of data that can considerably improve orthopedic osteosynthesis outcomes.
The moral construction of worry about radiation exposure: Emotion, knowledge, and tests
Authors: Nishizaka Aug
Published: August 2017

In the analysis of video recordings of the interactions between a doctor and the examinees following internal radiation exposure tests at a hospital in Fukushima Prefecture, I explore how the participants address one of the most serious consequences of the Fukushima disaster, that is, their concerns about radioactive materials. To do so, this study employs conversation analysis. The doctor’s presentation of the test results provides the examinees with a place to express relief and also makes relevant the justification work related to the expression of relief. In conclusion, I consider how the internal exposure tests also function as a communication tool in the context in which residents from affected areas face potential difficulties in expressing their worry about radiation.
In the theater of political style: Touches of populism, pluralism and elitism in speeches of politicians
Authors: Schoor Carola
Published: August 2017

Up to date, the concept of political style is underdeveloped, obstructing a profound understanding of political performances. This article disentangles the components of political style by analyzing the concept systematically. It is argued that instead of one single style, it has to be regarded as a cooperation of three styles: rhetorical, social and ideological. While approaches to reviewing rhetorical and social style are available, it lacks a method to assess ideological style. In this article, such a method is provided in a set of tools based on critical discourse studies. It defines ideological style in five traits that can be styled in a populist, elitist or pluralist manner. As an example, an ideological style analysis of six speeches of US politicians Donald Trump, Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton is performed. The analysis shows Trump having a full populist style in these speeches, Sanders a populist-pluralist style and Clinton an elitist-pluralist style. Comparison of the three individual style profiles gives a clarification of otherwise unexplained differences and similarities between the three politicians.
Free vibration problem of embedded magneto-electro-thermo-elastic nanoplate made of functionally graded materials via nonlocal third-order shear deformation theory
Authors: Kiani Ali , Sheikhkhoshkar Moslem , Jamalpoor Ali , Khanzadi Mostafa
Published: August 2017

In the present article, according to the nonlocal elasticity theory within the framework of the third-order shear deformable plate assumption, the theoretical analysis of thermomechanical vibration response of magneto-electro-thermo-elastic nanoplate made of functionally graded materials resting on the visco-Pasternak medium is carried out. The simply supported magneto-electro-thermo-elastic nanoplate is supposed to subject to initial external electric, magnetic potentials, and temperature environment. The material characteristics of magneto-electro-thermo-elastic nanoplate are assumed to be variable continuously across the thickness direction based upon power law distribution. Hamilton’s principle is utilized to achieve the partial differential equations and corresponding boundary conditions. The equilibrium equations are solved analytically to determine the complex eigenfrequency using Navier’s approach which satisfies the simply supported boundary conditions. Numerical studies are performed to illustrate the dependency of the natural frequency of the system on the damping coefficient of the visco-Pasternak medium, nonlocal parameter, aspect ratio, temperature change, volume fraction index of functionally graded material, initial external electric voltage, initial external magnetic potential, and plate thickness. It is clearly indicated that these factors have highly significant impacts on the dynamic behavior of the proposed system.
Sagittal Subtalar and Talocrural Joint Assessment During Ambulation With Controlled Ankle Movement (CAM) Boots
Authors: McHenry Benjamin D. , Exten Emily L. , Cross Janelle A. , Kruger Karen M. , Law Brian , Fritz Jessica M. , Harris Gerald
Published: August 2017

Background:

The purpose of the current study was to determine sagittal plane talocrural and subtalar kinematic differences between barefoot and controlled ankle movement (CAM) boot walking. This study used fluoroscopic images to determine talar motion relative to tibia and calcaneal motion relative to talus.

Methods:

Fourteen male subjects (mean age 24.1 ± 3.5 years) screened for normal gait were tested. A fluoroscopy unit was used to collect images at 200 Hz during stance. Sagittal motion of the talocrural and subtalar joints were analyzed barefoot and within short and tall CAM boots.

Results:

Barefoot talocrural mean maximum plantar and dorsiflexion were 9.2 ± 5.4 degrees and −7.5 ± 7.4 degrees, respectively; short CAM boot mean maximum plantar and dorsiflexion were 3.2 ± 4.0 degrees and −4.8 ± 10.2 degrees, respectively; and tall CAM boot mean maximum plantar and dorsiflexion were −0.2 ± 3.5 degrees and −2.4 ± 5.1 degrees, respectively. Talocrural mean range of motion (ROM) decreased from barefoot (16.7 ± 5.1 degrees) to short CAM boot (8.0 ± 4.9 degrees) to tall CAM boot (2.2 ± 2.5 degrees). Subtalar mean maximum plantarflexion angles were 5.3 ± 5.6 degrees for barefoot walking, 4.1 ± 5.9 degrees for short CAM boot walking, and 3.0 ± 4.7 degrees for tall CAM boot walking. Mean minimum subtalar plantarflexion angles were 0.7 ± 3.2 degrees for barefoot walking, 0.7 ± 2.9 degrees for short CAM boot walking, and 0.1 ± 4.8 degrees for tall CAM boot walking. Subtalar mean ROM decreased from barefoot (4.6 ± 3.9 degrees) to short CAM boot (3.4 ± 3.8 degrees) to tall CAM boot (2.9 ± 2.6 degrees).

Conclusion:

Tall and short CAM boot intervention was shown to limit both talocrural and subtalar motion in the sagittal plane during ambulation. The greatest reductions were seen with the tall CAM boot, which limited talocrural motion by 86.8% and subtalar motion by 37.0% compared to barefoot. Short CAM boot intervention reduced talocrural motion by 52.1% and subtalar motion by 26.1% compared to barefoot.

Clinical Relevance:

Both short and tall CAM boots reduced talocrural and subtalar motion during gait. The short CAM boot was more convenient to use, whereas the tall CAM boot more effectively reduced motion. In treatments requiring greater immobilization of the talocrural and subtalar joints, the tall CAM boot should be considered.
Parsing the Hypomanic Personality: Explicating the Nature of Specific Dimensions Defining Mania Risk
Authors: Stanton Kasey , McArtor Daniel B. , Watson David
Published: August 2017

Considerable research has used the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) to assess traits conferring risk for hypomanic and manic episodes. Although the HPS has been shown to be defined by several distinct sets of content, most research has continued to rely exclusively on HPS total scores, due to (a) little research having examined its structure and (b) the discrepant structural results obtained in the few available studies. Therefore, we examined the structure and relations of the HPS in a large sample of community adults ( N = 737) receiving psychiatric treatment. Our structural results indicated a five-factor structure of Activation, Charisma, Intellectual Confidence, Lability, and Modesty. Subscales modeling these emergent factors showed divergent patterns of relations with personality and other forms of psychopathology. These findings underscore the importance of examining HPS subscale relations in addition to HPS total scores in future research.
Multidimensional Inventory of Hypochondriacal Traits: An Examination of a Bifactor Model and Measurement Invariance Between Those With and Without a Self-Reported Medical Condition
Authors: Bardeen Joseph R. , Fergus Thomas A.
Published: August 2017

The Multidimensional Inventory of Hypochondriacal Traits (MIHT) is a self-report measure that assesses four interrelated domains of health anxiety (i.e., Cognitive, Behavioral, Perceptual, Affective). Prior research has supported a correlated four-factor model, as well as a hierarchical model, in which each of the four factors load onto the higher order health anxiety construct. However, a bifactor modeling approach has yet to be used to examine the factor structure of the MIHT. Results supported a bifactor model of the MIHT in three different samples (i.e., unselected based on current medical status [ n = 824], and those with [ n = 348] and without [ n = 354] a self-reported medical condition). The MIHT appears to be strongly multidimensional, with three of the four subscales providing substantive value. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the configural and metric/scalar invariance of the bifactor model between those with and without a self-reported medical condition. Results provide support for a bifactor conceptualization of the MIHT and the invariance of that model across levels of current health status.
Nursing Home Response to Nursing Home Compare: The Provider Perspective
Authors: Perraillon Marcelo Coca , Brauner Daniel J. , Konetzka R. Tamara
Published: August 2017

Nursing Home Compare (NHC) publishes composite quality ratings of nursing homes based on a five-star rating system, a system that has been subject to controversy about its validity. Using in-depth interviews, we assess the views of nursing home administrators and staff on NHC and unearth strategies used to improve ratings. Respondents revealed conflicting goals and strategies. Although nursing home managers monitor the ratings and expend effort to improve scores, competing goals of revenue maximization and avoidance of litigation often overshadow desire to score well on NHC. Some of the improvement strategies simply involve coding changes that have no effect on resident outcomes. Many respondents doubted the validity of the self-reported staffing data and stated that lack of risk adjustment biases ratings. Policy makers should consider nursing home incentives when refining the system, aiming to improve the validity of the self-reported domains to provide incentives for broader quality improvement.
Record collections as musical archives: Gender, record collecting, and whose music is heard
Authors: Maalsen Sophia , McLean Jessica
Published: August 2017

In this article the authors extend the concept of the museum and its collecting practices to record collections, and position record collections as musical archives that are representative of our popular music heritage. They recognize the role of material culture and museums in fostering social memory while also noting the absence of second-wave feminism in museum representation. Research on the archival turn in feminism suggests some intersections between material culture literature and some feminist thought and practices, but such overlap requires further examination. The authors suggest that masculine dominance of record collecting has implications for representing whose music heritage and tastes are being preserved. The literature on collecting has traditionally defined masculine actors as collectors while positioning feminine actors as consumers. This article looks at record collecting in detail and argues that a feminist critique of archiving in record collecting provides valuable insights into gender and power relations. Ethnographic research of record collectors conducted in 2006 and 2010–2013 shows that women do collect, but their collecting practices are overlooked due to the type of objects or genres being collected, and where they do exhibit the same qualities of masculine collectors, they are seen as anomalies and often downplay the value of their collections. Furthermore, gender bias is perpetuated when personal collections become the basis of musical canons and are institutionalized through reissue labels or museum collections. This maintains the masculine hegemony seen in music cultures more generally and has implications for creating and building an inclusive musical heritage.
The problem of mechanization: Craft, machines, and ‘centering’ in a Japanese Mingei pottery village
Authors: Paredes Alyssa
Published: August 2017

This article provides a conceptual basis for ‘centering’ the relationship between artisanship and mechanization as one would in pottery making. Critical theory dichotomizes handwork from machine-work, emphasizing the division between non-alienated and alienated labor, authenticity and inauthenticity, and experiential resonance and capitalist fetishism. The author demonstrates the theoretical shortcomings and social repercussions of these dualisms through a study of Onta, a Japanese pottery village associated with the mingei folkcraft movement. Tied to ideals of cultural authenticity predicated on the refusal to mechanize, Onta’s reputation came into question during the ‘Problem of Mechanization’ debate, when craftspeople announced a request to introduce modern machinery into their craft making patterns. Reflecting on the ways artisanal and industrial technologies have been imagined, this article poses the question: Do certain mechanical systems exert too much force to enter into centered relationships with humans?
Men’s weight loss stories: How personal confession, responsibility and transformation work as social control
Authors: Couch Danielle , Han Gil-Soo , Robinson Priscilla , Komesaroff Paul
Published: August 2017

Obesity is considered a public health concern. In Australia, there are a greater number of overweight or obese men compared with women. The media is an important source of information about body weight and weight management. We undertook a qualitative study to analyse men’s weight loss stories in a popular men’s magazine. Between January 2009 and December 2012, we collected 47 men’s weight loss stories from the Australian edition of Men’s Health magazine. We undertook thematic analysis to examine the stories. Confession, personal responsibility, appearance and transformation were key themes. The stories describe the men’s self-discipline and their monitoring and tracking of their behaviours as activities which supported their weight loss. In this way, the stories promote the importance of such panoptic self-surveillance and self-discipline to the readers. We consider how such stories contribute to the wider synoptic system of media messages about body weight.
Posthuman literacies: Young children moving in time, place and more-than-human worlds
Authors: Hackett Abigail , Somerville Margaret
Published: August 2017

This paper examines the potential of posthumanism to enable a reconceptualisation of young children’s literacies from the starting point of movement and sound in the more-than-human world. We propose movement as a communicative practice that always occurs as a more complex entanglement of relations within more-than-human worlds. Through our analysis, an understanding of sound emerged as a more-than-human practice that encompasses children’s linguistic and non-linguistic utterances, and which occurs through, with, alongside movement. This paper draws on data from two different research studies: in the first study, two-year-old children in the UK banged on drums and marched in a museum. In the second study, two young children in Australia chose sites for their own research and produced a range of emergent literacies from vocalisation and ongoing stories to installations. We present examples of ways in which speaking, gesturing and sounding, as emergent literacy practices, were not so much about transmitting information or intentionally designed signs, but about embodied and sensory experiences in which communication about and in place occurred through the body being and moving in place. This paper contributes to the field of posthuman early childhood literacies by foregrounding movement within in-the-moment becoming. Movement and sound exist beyond the parameters of human perception, within a flat ontology in which humans are decentred and everything exists on the same plane, in constant motion. Starting from movement in order to conceptualise literacy offers, therefore, an expanded field of inquiry into early childhood literacy. In the multimodal literacy practices analysed in this paper, meaning and world emerge simultaneously, offering new forms of literacy and representation and suggesting possibilities for defining or conceptualising literacy in ways that resist anthropocentric or logocentric framings.
Making sense and nonsense: Comparing mediated discourse and agential realist approaches to materiality in a preschool makerspace
Authors: Wohlwend Karen E , Peppler Kylie A , Keune Anna , Thompson Naomi
Published: August 2017

Two approaches to materiality (i.e. mediated discourse and agential realism) are compared to explore their usefulness in tracking literacies in action and artefacts produced during a play and design activity in a preschool makerspace. Mediated discourse analysis has relied on linguistic framing and social semiotics to make sense of multimodality. Can a multimodal lens grounded in embodied histories of meaning-making unpack sensory exploration, silly repetition and free-wheeling nonsense in children’s playdough play? Barad’s agential realism seems promising for unpacking the sensory and the emergent produced in the materiality, fluidity and messiness of entangled bodies and things in a makerspace. We compare key constructs of mediated discourse and agential realism, comparing interaction and intra-action in video excerpts from two weeks of play with playdough electronics kits in three early childhood classrooms in a US university childcare centre. Mediated discourse analysis of multimodality identified collaborative interaction among players in a small group and tracked a collective flow of materialized knowledge that moved through children’s sharing and collaboration. Agential realism tracked intra-actions among bodies, materials and spaces as transitory becomings and undoings that rupture definitions of sense-making as strategic design that manipulates materials into artefacts or as play that resemiotizes materials into roles and props in dramatized narratives.
Becoming through ‘the break’: A post-human account of a child’s play
Authors: Boldt Gail M , Leander Kevin
Published: August 2017

In this article, we think through six-year-old Mike’s play with Lego and with his father, using Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of the break. For Deleuze and Guattari, the break is thought about in relation to impersonal flows of desire that are always everywhere at work and to the refrain, which we describe as materials and energies organized into repeating patterns. The movement of desiring flows in relation to refrains inevitably produces difference; breaks matter insofar as they are the introduction of difference that might make a difference, that produces movement and momentum, the felt life in things. In this article, we take two passes at thinking about breaks and their associated movements. In the first, we come close to the action of Mike’s play to think about materials, narratives and discourses, and about the ways, both predictable and wild, that they assemble and disassemble, hold together and fall apart. In the second pass, we think about the temporal organization of play and how players mess about in time and with time, drawing on Deleuze and Guattari’s (1990) notion of chronos and aiôn. After considering the break in Mike’s play, we conclude with reflections on the differences that would be possible were we to allow movement to be immanent to our ways of being as researchers and as teachers.
Writing posthumanism, qualitative enquiry and early literacy
Authors: Bridges-Rhoads Sarah , Van Cleave Jessica
Published: August 2017

This paper was written in the midst of enquiry – provoked by the question of what happens when we write posthumanism, qualitative enquiry and early literacy together. Rather than offer a stable methodology that is the product of our experimentation, the paper functions as a map, a situated cartography that has multiple access points and is generative and always becoming. Likewise, it does not present findings from which to draw easy (or even difficult) conclusions. Instead, it produces possibilities, as it remains open to further intra-actions that fall into and out of view as different readers, immersed in their various entanglements, take it up and see what it-they-we might do/be/become as they move through the process of territorialization, deterritorialization and reterritorialization, entangled life happening.
Rhythmic rituals and emergent listening: Intra-activity, sonic sounds and digital composing with young children
Authors: Wargo Jon M
Published: August 2017

(Re)Entering data from a networked collaborative project exploring how sound operates as a mechanism for attuning towards cultural difference and community literacies, this article examines one primary grade classroom’s participation to investigate the rhythmic rituals of ‘emergent listening’ in early childhood literacy. Thinking with sound studies and more posthuman ways of knowing/being/doing, this article details how the sonic was felt not only as an actor on the scene of young children writing but also as an intra-active agent of what the teacher called ‘making space’ and community. Exploring ‘emergent listening’ through a diffractive entanglement of stories and concepts, this paper focus on two pieces of early writing: a digitally produced audio clip and a ‘body built’ (Ms Lionel’s words) tableau depicting the sensorial process and thinking behind children’s making moments. The findings highlight how particular actions of emergent listening generated new forms of embodied knowledge-in-motion. Encouraging educators to consider the modal affordances of sound and sonic composition, this article expands definitions of young children composing with material realia and explores how, as this article suggests, emergent listening opens up pedagogical spaces where creative energies are generated and mobilized to bring to fruition an ethico-onto-epistemological world view.