bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity and Specificity of Electrocardiographic Criteria for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Children with Rheumatic Heart Disease
Authors: Sastroasmoro Sudigdo , Madiyono Bambang , Oesman Ismet N.
Published: February 2019

Electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (L VH) were examined in 84 unselected pediatric patients with rheumatic heart disease. There were 47 male and 3 7 female patients, ranging in age from 6 to 19 years. Electrocardiographic L VH was detected m 41 patients (48.8%), i.e. in 55.3% (26/47) of boys and in 36.6% (15/41) of girls. Echocardiographically determined L VH was present in 42 cases (50%) if left ventricular mass (L VM) was indexed for height, or 47 cases (56%) if L VM was indexed for body surface area (BSA). The overall sensitivity of height-indexed electrocardiographic diagnosis of LVH was 71.4% (95% confidence interval= 57.7% to 85.1%), while its sensitivity was 73.8% (95% confidence interval= 60.0% to 87.0%). For BSA indexed echocardiographic LVH, the sensitivity was 68.1% (95% confidence interval = 54.8 to 81.4%) and the specificity was 75.7% (95% confidence interval = 61.9% to 89.5%). When sex-adjustment was examined, there was no increase of sensitivity of electrocardiographic LVH. Sensitivity of the electrocardiogram for LVH increased when age-adjustment was examined with 13 years of age as a cut-off point, both for height indexed and BSA-indexed echocardiographic LVH. Reasons/or the difference between these findings and the findings in adult patients (remarkably low sensitivity and very high specificity of ECG L VH) were discussed. Electrocardiogram was a moderate diagnostic modality in the detection of L VH in our pediatric patients with rheumatic heart disease. Sex did not influence the sensitivity of ECG L VH, but older age group tended to increase its sensitivity.
The Current Prevalence Rate of Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis in lndonesia
Authors: Sutoto Sutoto , Indriyono Indriyono
Published: February 2019

Surveys on the prevalence rate of soil-transmitted helminthiasis had been done in Indonesia among 12.100 people in 10 provinces at 15 locations in 1990 and 1991. The surveys were meant to obtain data on the recent prevalence rate of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among primary schoolchildren, population in vital productive areas and general community. The results showed that the prevalence rate of Ascaris lumbricoides ranged from 5. 7% to 69.5%, Trichuris trichiura from 0.8% to 53.0% and hookworm from 0% to 24. 7%. The overall prevalence rate of the respective species were 30. 4%, 21.2% and 6.5%. In general, the data of the prevalence rate of soil-transmitted helminthiasis obtained from the recent surveys were lower than those of the surveys done before 1985.
Intestinal Parasitic Infestation in Children at Three Kindergartens in Medan, North Sumatera
Authors: Miraza Erliana Malik , Gani Abdul , Dj. Mardiana Karim , Lubis Iskandar Z. , Lubis Chairuddin P.
Published: February 2019

A descriptive cross sectional study on intestinal parasitic infestation was earned out among children of three kindergartens (Methodist, Dharma Wanita and Aisyiah) in Medan.

Of 162 samples of feces examined mixed infestations with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura was found in 14,25%, single infestations of Trichuris trichiuria in 14,2%, AScaris lumbricoides in 13,0%, H. nana in 1,2% and G. Iamblia in 0,6%.

Hookworm infestation was not found among preschool children in all of those three kindergartens.
Reflux Nephropathy and Vesico-Ureteric Reflux in Children - Radionuclide Technique
Authors: Firman Kemas
Published: February 2019

Reflux nephropathy is defined as 'renal scarring' associated with vesica-ureteral reflux (VUR) and consists of calyceal clubbing or deformity with overlying corticomedullary scarring. The older terms chronic pyelonephritis and chronic atrophic pyelonephritis should be strictly defined as a persistent or recurrent bacterial infection of the kidney involving the renal parenchyma and the pelvi-calyceal system with exudation of inflammatory cells.
Early Ditection of Central Nervous System Infection by C-reactive Protein Examination of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Bahtera Tjipta , Arsana Bagus Putu Ngurah , Lidwina Maria
Published: February 2019

There are still many cases of bacterial meningitis in Indonesia. The highest morbidity rate are between 2 months until 2 years of age. The important factors that influence the success of treatment are early diagnosis and detection of the cause. C-reactive protein (=CRP) could be found in the spinal fluid of meningitis patients. The aim of this study is to judge the ability of CRP as a tool in making diagnosis as soon as possible whether there is a bacterial infection of the central nervous system and to compare it with the result of the spinal fluid culture. Also to compare the ability of it a conventional or routine examination of the spinal fluid was done.

This was a prospective study on 30 children that were admitted in the child ward of Kariadi Hospital, Semarang during the first of April until the and of july 1990. The ages of the children were between one month until 14 years, with clinical symptoms such as fever, seizure and neurological disorders. CRP examination was done with Latex Agglutination method. The result of CRP examination on spinal fluid showed that the sensitivity was 91.6% , the specificity 94.4% , the positive prediction value 91.6% and the negative prediction value 94.4%.

As a conclusion, CRP examination of spinal fluid gives better results than the conventional or routine examination in distinguishing bacterial meningitis from non bacterial meningitis.
Congenital Leukemia Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Untario S. , Sarwono Erwin , Kariyadi E. K. , D. Sylviaty M. , R. H. T Netty
Published: February 2019

Two cases of congenital leukemia are reported, one of which was associated with Down's syndrome. Both cases were lymphoblastic as observed morphologically and by the negative Sudanophilia. To the best knowledge of the authors these cases are the first two cases of congenital leukemia reported in the Indonesian medical literature.
Neurological Sequalae in Survivors of Perinatal Asphyxia
Authors: Bahtera Tjipta , Suroso Santoso , Darmanto Bambang
Published: February 2019

Perinatal asphyxia is the most common cause of either death or severely handicapped survivors. Perinatal asphyxia can be identified by one, five, ten minutes APGAR scores less than 7. Prolonged asphyxia produce hypoxemia, acidosis, hypercapnia, thus diminishing cerebral blood flow, which in turn results in clinical patterns of Hypoxic - Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE). The atm of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of clinical observation on newborn asphyxia to predict the presence of neurological deficits connected with blood gas analysts investigation. Thirty eight newborn babies who bad APGAR scores of less than 7 as an asphyctic newborn baby group compared with an equal number of normal babies as control group. Physical and neurological examinations were performed immediately after birth and at six months of age. Two of the 38 infants who bad perinatal asphyxia died several hours after birth. Two of the 31 of the surviving infants with a historical of perinatal asphyxia bad cerebral palsy. One of the two babies with cerebral palsy bad epilepsy. Twenty nine of the 31 of the surviving infants with a history of perinatal asphyxia with or without mild HIE showed normal neurological outcomes. All of the normal newborn babies as control showed normal neurological outcome. One infant with cerebral palsy and one infant who bad cerebral palsy with epilepsy bad a history of a severe degree of HIE and moderate degree of Hm with neonatal convulsion respectively. One of the 2 infants with cerebral palsy bad severe hypoxia and none on the infants with normal neurological outcome exhibited Pa02 less than 50 mmHg. There were no significant differences ( p > 0.05) of the Pa02 PH and base deficit between the infants with a history of asphyxia and with a history of a vigorous baby, who bad a normal outcome.

We concluded that postasphyxia encephalopathy was more accurate than a low APGAR score in predicting an adverse outcome, and the value of the Pa02 very important in predicting an encephalopathy.
Tuberculous Meningitis at the Department of Child Health Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan
Authors: Damanik Margaretha , Zamzah Sri , Djayusman Mardiana K. , Marbun M. D. , Saing Bistok
Published: February 2019

Tuberculous meningitis was studied descriptively in 167 cases (1 .19%) of 14082 hospitalized patients at the Department of Child Health Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan in a period of the years 1985 to 1989.

The highest incidence was in the age group of under 3 years (46.11%) consisting 20. 78% of the stage I, 54.55% stage II, and 24.67% stage III. The youngest age was five months (2 cases) and the oldest was 14 years old (3 cases). The case fatality rate was 27.54%, they were 2.17% stage I, 32.61% stage II, and 65.22% stage III. Stage III showed higher mortality rate than stage I and II (p <0.001). The most frequent symptom was convulsion (43. 71%) followed by fever (33.53%) .

Contact with patients who bad pulmonary tuberculosis were found in 56.28%. Positive tuberculin test was found in 17.96% and pulmonary radiological abnormalities in57.48%.

The highest number oj cases (51.50%) was group with cerebrospinal fluid cell count of 101 - 500/mm · Cases which never got BCG immunization comprised 83.83%. The nutritional states on admission to the hospital were mild / moderate malnutrition in 67.07% and severe malnutrition in 32.93%.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Nosocomial Infections in Children
Authors: Garna Herry
Published: February 2019

A 9 month prospective study , from August 1988 to April 1989, was performed at the Department of Child Health, Medical School, Padjadjaran University, Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. The aim of the study was to identify the pattern of sensitivity of bacteria causing nosocomial infections. It was revealed that among 4328 hospitalized pediatric patients, a total number of 342 patients had one or more nosocomial infections, yielding 411 episodes. Twenty-five per cent of isolated S. aureus was resistant to either ampicillin or oxacyllin. Higher percentages of resistance were observed in S. albus, i.e., to penicillin (53.3%) and oxacyllin (46.7%), and to cefuroxime, erythromycin and clindamycin (each in 40.0% of isolate). E. coli was In 86.3% resistant-to ampicillin, 78.4% to chloramphenicol (and thiamphenicol), 56.8% to tobramycin and 48.2% to gentamicin. The isolated Salmonella sp was almost 100% resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol (and thiamphenicol) but was highly sensitive to amikacin, cefotaxime and netilmicin, arround 100%. Pseudomonas sp was 92.9% resistant to ampicillin, 85.7% to chloramphenicol (and thiamphenicol) and 78.6% to cefuroxime; on the contrary it was 92.9% sensitive to amikacin. It can be concluded that gram-negative microorganisms were in general showed highly resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol (and thiamphenicol), tobramycin, and gentamicin; on the other hand more than 90% were sensitive to netilmicin, cefotaxime and amikacin.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Thalassemia
Authors: Sunarto Sunarto
Published: February 2019

Thalassemia is an individual as well as a community health problem in some countries. It causes a lifelong suffering for the affected individuals. There is no treatment other than supportive, i.e. regular transfusions and removal of iron overload from the body. Only by such continuous and expensive treatment thalassemic patients can-generally achieve nearly normal health, but the health burden of such therapy for a large number of thalassemic patients is unaffordable by the affected communities. Prevention of the births of thalassemic babies is the choice for controlling the thalassemia and has been successful in many countries. For this purpose reliable and time accurate prenatal diagnosis is a conditio sine qua non. Blood fetal sampling is safe and can be done after 16 weeks gestation, amniocentesis after 14 weeks, and even chorionic villi sampling as early as 8 weeks gestation. In vitro globin synthesis analysis applied to the fetal blood sample is very reliable to measure the rate of synthesis of the globin chains that make up the hemoglobin. The-DNA analysis of the fibroblasts obtained by amniocentesis or of the chorionic villus sample is very sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of the genetic disorder in thalassemias. By involving the prenatal diagnosis, the birth of B-homozygous thalassemia has decreased by up to 90%.
Forced expiratory volume in 1-second and blood gas analysis in children during asthma attacks
Authors: Primashanti Dewa Ayu Dini , Purniti Putu Siadi , Windiani I Gusti Ayu Trisna
Published: February 2019

Background Asthma is the most common chronic disease in the world, with a high incidence in children. Blood gas analysis and pulmonary function test using spirometry are recommended to evaluate the degree of asthma in children. Spirometry test is non-invasive and easier to implement compared to blood gas analysis.

Objective To evaluate for a possible correlation between forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) measured by spirometry test and blood gas analysis (pO2 and pCO2 levels) in children during an asthma attack.

Methods This cross-sectional study was done in children with asthma attacks who were admitted to Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, between November 2016 and April 2017. Subjects underwent spirometry tests and blood gas analyses. Potential correlations between FEV1 and pO2 and pCO2 levels were analyzed by Spearman’s correlation test.

Results A total of 50 subjects, consisting of children aged 6 to 12 years, were diagnosed with asthma attacks during the study period. Subjects’ mean FEV1 level was 43.6%, mean pCO2 was 38.36 mmHg, and mean pO2 was 121.92 mmHg. There were no significant correlations between FEV1 and pCO2 level (r=0.206; P=0.152) or FEV1 and pO2 (r=0.157; P=0.277) found in this study.

Conclusion FEV1 does not correlate with pCO2 and pO2 level in children during asthma attacks.
Risk factors for relapse in pediatric nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Albar Husein , Bilondatu Fadel , Daud Dasril
Published: February 2019

Background Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the most common kidney disease in children and is characterized by edema, massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. High relapse rate remains a major problem in the management of this syndrome.

Objective To identify risk factors for relapse in pediatric nephrotic syndrome.

Methods This study was carried out in the Wahidin Sudirohusodo Teaching Hospital in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, from January to August 2017 using complete medical records of children diagnosed with NS. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: 1) relapsed NS or 2) non-relapsed NS.  The following potential risk factors for relapse were analyzed using Chi-square test: age, sex, nutritional status, hypertension, serum creatinine level, and infection at the time of established diagnosis of NS.

Results A total of 142 children with NS who fulfilled the inclusion criteria aged 1.4 to 17.5 years were included in the study. Subjects were mostly boys (66.2%), with a male: female ratio of 1.95:1. The relapsed NS group had 80 cases (56.3%) and the non-relapsed NS group had 62 cases (43.7%). Statistical analysis revealed that nutritional status was a significant risk factor for relapse in pediatric nephrotic syndrome (P<0.05).

Conclusion Nutritional status is an independent risk factor for relapse in pediatric nephrotic syndrome.
Preterm infant physiological responses to music therapy: a systematic review
Authors: Liwang Ferry , Nadobudskaya Dinarda Ulf , Lestari Indah , Hendrarto Toto Wisnu
Published: February 2019

Background Prematurity is still the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates. The premature change of the environment causes stress, which leads to hemodynamic instability. Music therapy may have a positive impact on hemodynamic parameters of preterm infants in the NICU.

Objective To evaluate preterm infants’ physiological responses to music therapy in NICU setting.

Methods A systematic review was performed in 12 electronic databases from March 2000–April 2018. Our review included all English language publications on parallel or crossover RCTs of music therapy versus standard care or placebo in preterm infants. The outcomes were physiological indicators [heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen saturation (SaO2)]. Risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0).

Results The search yielded 20 articles on 1,148 preterm infants of gestational age 28 and 37 weeks, who received recorded music, recorded maternal/male voice or lullaby, or live music interventions in the NICU with intensity of 30–76 dB. Recorded music improved all outcomes in 6, 6, and 4 of 16 studies for HR, RR, and SaO2, respectively. Seven studies used classical music as melodic elements. However, eight studies showed no significant results on all outcomes.

Conclusion Despite the finding that music interventions demonstrate promising results in some studies, the variation in quality of the studies, age groups, outcome measures, as well as type and timing of the interventions across the studies make it difficult to draw overall conclusions about the effects of music in preterm infants.
Low peripheral oxygen saturation as a risk factor for brain abscess in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease
Authors: Firdausy Nadia Qoriah , Murni Indah Kartika , Triono Agung , Noormanto Noormanto , Nugroho Sasmito
Published: February 2019

Background Brain abscess is a severe infection of brain parenchyma, which occurs in 25-46% of cases of uncorrected cyanotic congenital heart disease. Low arterial oxygen saturation is the main risk factor for brain abscess in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease, however, the arterial oxygen saturation test is invasive and not routinely done in our setting.

Objective To evaluate low peripheral oxygen saturation as a risk factor for brain abscess in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease.

Methods We conducted a matched, case-control study at Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta for children aged less than 18 years with cyanotic congenital heart disease, from 2010-2016. Case subjects were children with brain abscess complications. The control group had only cyanotic congenital heart disease, and were matched for age and sex to the case group. During hospitalization due to the brain abscess complication in the case group, data regarding peripheral oxygen saturation, polycythemia, pneumonia, sepsis, dental caries and restricted pulmonary blood flow were collected and compared between both groups.

Results During the study period, 18 children with cyanotic congenital heart disease had brain abscesses. This group was compared to the control group of 36 children. Bivariate analysis revealed that the lowest level of peripheral oxygen saturation (OR 0.92; 95%CI 0.85 to 0.98; P=0.02) and dental caries (OR 3.3; 95%CI 1.01 to 11.18; P=0.04) were significant risk factors for brain abscess. However, in the multivariate analysis, the only statistically significant risk factor associated with brain abscess was the lowest level of peripheral oxygen saturation (OR 0.92; 95%CI 0.86 to 0.99; P=0.04).

Conclusion Low peripheral oxygen saturation is a significant risk factor for brain abscess development in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease.  A decrease of 1% peripheral oxygen saturation may increase the risk of brain abscess by 8%.
Predictors for coronary artery dilatation in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Advani Najib , Rahmadhany Anisa , Rafika Sarah
Published: February 2019

Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited, febrile illness of unknown cause that predominantly affects children below 5 years of age. It has a high incidence of coronary complications such as aneurysms. The current treatment of choice is intravenous immunoglobulin, which is costly, with aspirin. Identifying the predictive factors for coronary artery dilatation or aneurysm is important in order to establish the indications for giving immunoglobulin, especially when resources are limited.

Objective

To identify the predictors for the development of coronary artery dilatation in patients with Kawasaki disease

Methods This cross-sectional study was done between January 2003 and July 2013. Inclusion criteria were patients who fulfilled the American Heart Association criteria for acute Kawasaki disease, and had complete clinical, echocardiogram, and laboratory data [hemoglobin, leukocyte, platelet, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)]. All of them received immunoglobulin and aspirin.

Results Of 667 KD patients, 275 met the inclusion criteria. There were 185 (67%) males. Subjects’ ages varied between 1 to 157 months. The frequency of coronary artery dilatation at the acute phase was 33.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that >7-day duration of fever and hypoalbuminemia were significant predictive factors for coronary artery dilatation.

Conclusion Predictive factors for coronary artery dilatation are duration of fever over 7 days and hypoalbuminemia, while age, gender, hemoglobin level, leukocyte count, and platelet count are not. Frequency of coronary artery dilatation at the acute phase is 33.3%.
Serum creatinine levels to estimate kidney function in small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age newborns
Authors: Sandinirwan Indra , Primadi Aris , Hilmanto Dany
Published: February 2019

Background The main parameter used to determine renal function in newborns is serum creatinine. Fetal growth restriction during pregnancy can cause the baby to be born small-for-gestational age. Serum creatinine levels in newborns are affected by muscle mass, gestational age, as well as the number of nephrons and kidney development.

Objective To determine the usefulness of serum creatinine levels as an estimate of glomerular filtration rate in small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age newborns.

Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in May-June 2018. The subjects were full term newborn infants consisting of small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age groups (16 subjects each), born in Bandung City Regional Public Hospital. Serum creatinine level was tested by the Jaffe method. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated based on serum creatinine, infant height, and a proportionality constant using the original Schwartz method, eGFR = [k * height]/SCr.

Results Of 32 subjects, there were 17 spontaneous deliveries, 14 males, and 18 females. Mean serum creatinine levels in the small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age groups were 0.94 (SD 0.36; 95%CI 0.75 to 1.14) mg/dL and 0.69 (SD 0.18; 95%CI 0.60 to 0.79) mg/dL (mean difference 0.25; 95%CI 0.05 to 0.46; P=0.009), respectively. The median estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) in the small-for-gestational age and appropriate-for-gestational age groups were 25.69 mL/min/1.73m2 and 30.10 mL/min/1.73m2 (median difference 4.42; 95%CI 2.04 to 15.8; P=0.008), respectively. There was a weak negative correlation between serum creatinine and birth weight (r=–0.344; P=0.027).

Conclusion Serum creatinine levels in small-for-gestational age newborns are significantly higher than in appropriate-for-gestational age newborns.
Effect of magnesium sulfate on the electrochemical behavior of lead electrodes for lead acid batteries
Authors: Venkateswarlu M. , Balusamy T. , Murthy K. S. N. , Jagadish M. , Vijayanand S.
Published: February 2019

The lead acid battery technology has undergone several modifications in the recent past, in particular, the electrode grid composition, oxide paste recipe with incorporation of foreign additives into the electrodes and similarly additives added in the electrolytes to improve electrical performance of the lead acid battery. In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of the lead electrodes with different weight/volume percentages (wt./v%) of MgSO4(0.0., 0.5., 1.0., 2.0., and 5.0) added into the electrolyte have been investigated with cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The CV profile showed better redox behavior of the lead electrodes which was attributed to the increased active surface area of the electrode. Further studies of the gas evolution found a mixed trend and a considerable drop in the impedance as observed by LSV and EIS analysis as compared to the blank electrolyte solution. The influence of a modified electrolyte on the electrochemical activity of the lead electrodes is correlated and discussed.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Morphological and Biochemical Parameters in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)
Authors: Tahir Aqsa , Iqbal M. Ahsan , Saif Rabia , Qadir Masood , Sultana Razia
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the best performing lines in sunflower on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic correlation so that we can find out the which trait directly or indirectly effect the yield and quality of the sunflower because being an breeder our main aim is yield and quality and the lines which are performing best can be further used in the breeding programs. Sunflower is a valuable oil producing crop because it contains good quality oil composition and can be grown twice in a year. There is scarcity of oil in our country so that there is requisite to heighten the yield of sunflower in order to exploit its share in oilseed sector. The study was conducted at the research field of Rajawala farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during year 2015–16 to study the correlation among yield related traits, oil and protein content in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). 20 sunflower lines were sown in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data was assessed at maturity for plant height, leaves per plant, leaf area, head diameter, internode length, 100-achene weight, achene yield per plant, oil contents and protein contents. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation was estimated among these traits. The recorded data was subjected to statistical analysis of variance, correlation and path coefficient analysis. The line G-16 showed best performance for leaf area, head diameter and achene yield per plant. Line G-20 was good in 100 achene weight. The above mentioned lines could be used in future breeding programs for effective improvement in yield of sunflower. This data was helpful to select superior lines and these lines may also be used in further hybridization program to get better yield, oil and protein contents.
NIR hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HI) and μXRD for determination of the transition between juvenile and mature wood ofPinus sylvestrisL.
Authors: Ruano Antonio , Zitek Andreas , Hinterstoisser Barbara , Hermoso Eva
Published: February 2019

The ratio of juvenile wood (jW) to mature wood (mW) is relevant for structural wood applications because of their different properties. Near infrared-hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HI) indicates after calibration, the spatial distribution of jW and mW, and this approach is less time consuming than the established micro X-ray densitometry (μXRD). In the present study, a comparative detection of the jW and mW ofPinus sylvestrisL. was performed by NIR-HI and μXRD and the NIR-HI results were evaluated in combination with three chemometric approaches, namely, the principal component analysis (PCA), partitional k-means unsupervised classification (p-k-mUC) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) in the range of 900–1700 nm. The best NIR-HI results can be obtained when the transition point of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) are assessed separately by PLS-DA. The presented results are useful for an automating data evaluation and simplified data collection.
Variational Inference for Coupled Hidden Markov Models Applied to the Joint Detection of Copy Number Variations
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiang , Lebarbier Emilie , Aubert Julie , Robin Stéphane
Published: February 2019

Hidden Markov models provide a natural statistical framework for the detection of the copy number variations (CNV) in genomics. In this context, we define a hidden Markov process that underlies all individuals jointly in order to detect and to classify genomics regions in different states (typically, deletion, normal or amplification). Structural variations from different individuals may be dependent. It is the case in agronomy where varietal selection program exists and species share a common phylogenetic past. We propose to take into account these dependencies inthe HMM model. When dealing with a large number of series, maximum likelihood inference (performed classically using the EM algorithm) becomes intractable. We thus propose an approximate inference algorithm based on a variational approach (VEM), implemented in the CHMM R package. A simulation study is performed to assess the performance of the proposed method and an application to the detection of structural variations in plant genomes is presented.
CFD Simulation of the Particle Dispersion Behavior and Mass Transfer–Reaction Kinetics in non-Newton Fluid with High Viscosity
Authors: Xie Le , Wang Qi-An , Luo Xian-Jin , Luo Zheng-Hong
Published: February 2019

Solid particle dispersion and chemical reactions in high-viscosity non-Newtonian fluid are commonly encountered in polymerization systems. In this study, an interphase mass transfer model and a finite-rate/eddy-dissipation formulation were integrated into a computational fluid dynamics model to simulate the dispersion behavior of particles and the mass transfer–reaction kinetics in a condensation polymerization-stirred tank reactor. Turbulence fields were obtained using the standard k–ε model and employed to calculate the mixing rate. Cross model was used to characterize the rheological property of the non-Newton fluid. The proposed model was first validated by experimental data in terms of input power. Then, several key operating variables (i.e. agitation speed, viscosity, and particle size) were investigated to evaluate the dispersive mixing performance of the stirred vessel. Simulation showed that a high agitation speed and a low fluid viscosity favored particle dispersions. This study provided useful guidelines for industrial-scale high-viscosity polymerization reactors.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Metaphors of Learning and Teaching English as a Second Language
Authors: Shaw Donita , Andrei Elena
Published: February 2019

Building upon the theory of teacher cognition, the purpose of this study was to discover how pre-service teachers envision learning English as English Language Learners (ELLs) and teaching English to ELLs. We examined metaphors of 98 pre-service teachers who were enrolled in their first literacy methods course in their preparatory program at one of two universities in the United States. We used metaphor analysis methodology to look at the participants’ metaphor writing samples. Overall results showed the pre-service teachers viewed learning English to be foremost a challenge and secondarily a worthwhile challenge. In contrast, the pre-service teachers viewed teaching English to be a worthwhile challenge, followed by a challenge and process. Throughout this paper we highlight our reflection and relate our findings to previous research. To be a responsive teacher educator begins by knowing our pre-service teachers.
Crystal structure of 3-methyl-cyclobis(1-(1,1′-ferrocenylmethyl)-4-butyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole) tetrafluoroborate, C21H25FeN6⋅BF4
Authors: Xu Jianghua , Li Jian , Ling Yun , Xu Bo
Published: February 2019

C21H25FeN6⋅BF4, monoclinic, Pn (no. 7), a = 9.6166(5) Å, b = 10.8331(6) Å, c = 11.0982(6) Å, β = 105.997(2)°, V = 1111.41(10) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0388, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0831, T = 180(2) K.
A solution for a treatment of bottom sludge from a log-soaking pond for separation of sand
Authors: Kuosa Markku , Kopra Riku
Published: February 2019

Nowadays in many countries legislation places stringent limits on the dumping of untreated sludge as land fill. One option for handling sludge is incineration. However, log-soaking bottom sludge contains a remarkable amount of sand, which hinders its use as fuel. This gives rise to the need for an appropriate means for separating sand from sludge. A pilot apparatus for the separation of sand from log-soaking bottom sludge was designed. The pilot apparatus consisted of a drum washer and gravity settling. The water consumption of the process was very low. The separation of sand was remarkable and the resulting sludge could be used in grate firing boilers after drying.
Time-dependent mechanical response of paper during web-fed high-speed inkjet printing
Authors: Lahti Jussi , Kouko Jarmo , Hirn Ulrich
Published: February 2019

The influence of wetting and drying during high-speed inkjet (HSI) printing on the time-dependent mechanical behavior of commercial HSI papers was investigated using a custom-built C-Impact tensile tester. In HSI printing the water based ink solvent penetrates into the paper while the colorants adhere onto the surface. We found that water strongly affected paper stiffness and strength already 0.1 s after wetting. Creep compliance and paper strain at a typical HSI printing input tension of 180 N/m are varying strongly during the different process steps of HSI printing. In order to achieve a good color registration and print quality, we thus recommend that the web tension should be dynamically controlled in each process step to prevent straining after wetting or shrinkage during drying.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole latent pigment-based bilayer solar cells
Authors: Beverina Luca , Rooney Myles , Ruffo Riccardo , Sassi Mauro , Carulli Francesco , Luzzati Silvia , Resel Roland , Schrode Benedikt
Published: February 2019

Two Diketopyrrolopyrrole based latent pigment donor materials were fabricated into thin film bilayer photovoltaic devices featuring PCBM as the acceptor. Thermal deprotection of the thin film, carried out at 200∘ C, returns the dye-like small molecule to the corresponding pristine pigment quantitatively. The connected evolution of electrical and morphological features of pure thin films and blends are examined. A significant decrease in extinction coefficient was noted and correlated both to intrinsic changes of the electronic structure upon cleavage and to an increase in internal scattering due to extensive crystallization. Power conversion efficiencies of 0.33% were achieved for bilayer devices, nearly doubling previous results with latent pigment DPP devices, under comparable experimental conditions.
Dopamine Release Dynamics in the Tuberoinfundibular Dopamine System
Authors: Stagkourakis Stefanos , Dunevall Johan , Taleat Zahra , Ewing Andrew G. , Broberger Christian
Published: February 2019

The relationship between neuronal impulse activity and neurotransmitter release remains elusive. This issue is especially poorly understood in the neuroendocrine system, with its particular demands on periodically voluminous release of neurohormones at the interface of axon terminals and vasculature. A shortage of techniques with sufficient temporal resolution has hindered real-time monitoring of the secretion of the peptides that dominate among the neurohormones. The lactotropic axis provides an important exception in neurochemical identity, however, as pituitary prolactin secretion is primarily under monoaminergic control, via tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons projecting to the median eminence (ME). Here, we combined electrical or optogenetic stimulation and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to address dopamine release dynamics in the male mouse TIDA system. Imposing different discharge frequencies during brief (3 s) stimulation of TIDA terminals in the ME revealed that dopamine output is maximal at 10 Hz, which was found to parallel the TIDA neuron action potential frequency distribution during phasic discharge. Over more sustained stimulation periods (150 s), maximal output occurred at 5 Hz, similar to the average action potential firing frequency of tonically active TIDA neurons. Application of the dopamine transporter blocker, methylphenidate, significantly increased dopamine levels in the ME, supporting a functional role of the transporter at the neurons' terminals. Lastly, TIDA neuron stimulation at the cell body yielded perisomatic release of dopamine, which may contribute to an ultrafast negative feedback mechanism to constrain TIDA electrical activity. Together, these data shed light on how spiking patterns in the neuroendocrine system translate to vesicular release toward the pituitary and identify how dopamine dynamics are controlled in the TIDA system at different cellular compartments.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA central question in neuroscience is the complex relationship between neuronal discharge activity and transmitter release. By combining optogenetic stimulation and voltammetry, we address this issue in dopamine neurons of the neuroendocrine system, which faces particular spatiotemporal demands on exocytotic release; large amounts of neurohormone need to be secreted into the portal capillaries with precise timing to adapt to physiological requirements. Our data show that release is maximal around the neurons' default firing frequency. We further provide support for functional dopamine transport at the neurovascular terminals, shedding light on a long-standing controversy about the existence of neuroendocrine transmitter reuptake. Finally, we show that dopamine release occurs also at the somatodendritic level, providing a substrate for an ultrashort autoregulatory feedback loop.
Del acontecimiento teatral al papel: Rabinal Achí
Authors: Paniagua Carlos
Published: February 2019

Este artículo analiza las implicaciones culturales de la fijación, la traducción y la recuperación textual de Rabinal Achí, mediante géneros, instrumentos y principios de filiación europea. Se estudian los distintos momentos históricos de este proceso cultural y sus actores. A partir del examen del discurso teatral, se plantean algunas consideraciones acerca de la relación entre cultura hegemónica y cultura subalterna.
El pasado y presente estadounidenses. Análisis neo-historicista de Las aventuras de Tom Sawyer
Authors: Montenegro Bonilla Joe
Published: February 2019

Para esclarecer la relación entre la obra literaria y su contexto sociohistórico, se explora Las aventuras de Tom Sawyer, de Mark Twain, según los principios del neohistoricismo. Las voces que se perciben en el texto (del autor, de los personajes, del lector, de los contextos histórico y social) se combinan para discutir la realidad de la cultura estadounidense del siglo XIX y del presente. Así, el estudio proporciona un espacio para el empleo del Neo-historicismo al ofrecer una visión más integral de las posibilidades interpretativas de la obra de Twain.
Non-dissipative hydrodynamic equations based on a nonlocal collision integral
Authors: Gorev V. N. , Sokolovsky A. I.
Published: February 2019

We consider a slightly non-uniform one-component gas with weak potential interaction. The basis of the investigation is the known kinetic equation in the case of small interaction which is truncated up to the second order of smallness. This equation contains a nonlocal collision integral of the second order in small interaction. In this paper we consider the hydrodynamic stage of the system evolution, and, in contrast to the standard hydrodynamics, we take into account the non-locality of the collision integral. We propose the following set of the reduced description parameters which are the densities of the conserved quantities: the particle number density, the momentum density, and the total energy density. It should be stressed that in contrast to the standard hydrodynamics, the kinetic energy is not conserved, and only the total system energy is conserved if the nonlocal collision integral is used. Definitions of the system velocity and temperature are proposed; it should be stressed that the proposed temperature definition is based on the total system energy rather than on the kinetic one. The hydrodynamics in the leading order in small gradients is investigated, and it is shown that the system one-particle distribution function in the leading-in-gradients order coincides with the Maxwellian one. Particle number density, velocity and temperature time evolution equations (hydrodynamic equations) are derived in the non-dissipative case. The leading-in-interaction orders of the obtained equations coincide with the corresponding equations in the framework of the standard hydrodynamics. The corrections of the first and second order in small interaction are also obtained.
Effect of thermal treatment on structure and leakage current of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 thin films
Authors: Kruzina T. V. , Popov S. A. , Potapovich Yu. N. , Rutskyi A. S.
Published: February 2019

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO thin films were grown on heated to 200°С Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates by ex-situ method with high-frequency (13.56 MHz) magnetron deposition. Thermal treatment of the films was carried out at 650°С, 700°С and 800°С. X-ray diffraction investigations showed the films were poly-crystalline and contained additional phase. In the films annealed at 700°C two dominating conduction mechanisms were observed: ohmic at the fields Е < 8 kV/cm and Schottky emission in the field range of 30 – 70 kV/cm. It is also observed that the increase of the film annealing temperature to 800°С leads to the increase of leakage currents. It is assumed that high values of the leakage currents were attributed to the presence of both structure defects and additional unknown phase.
The Role of the Binder/Solvent Pair on the Electrochemical Performance of Aluminium Batteries
Authors: Smajic Jasmin , Alazmi Amira , Costa Pedro M. F. J.
Published: February 2019

In energy storage systems, every component that makes up an electrode can greatly affect the electrochemical performance. One example includes the so-called “binders” used in secondary batteries. Herein, we compare the influence of using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the electrochemical performance of an aluminium chloride battery (ACB) system. The active material of the cathode was a reduced graphene oxide dried under supercritical conditions (RGOCPD). Interestingly, while PVDF enabled one of the highest capacities reported for ACBs, the CMC resulted in a significant degradation of the cell’s performance.
John Hart (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Religion & Ecology
Authors: Jenkins Willis
Published: February 2019

John Hart (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Religion & Ecology (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2017), 560 pp., $195, ISBN: 978-1-11-846556-1.
Chris Doran, Hope in the Age of Climate Change: Creation Care This Side of the Resurrection
Authors: O'Brien Kevin J.
Published: February 2019

Chris Doran, Hope in the Age of Climate Change: Creation Care This Side of the Resurrection (Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2017), 247 pp., $31.00 (pbk), ISBN: 1498297021.
Marcus Rediker, The Fearless Benjamin Lay: The Quaker Dwarf Who Became the First Revolutionary Abolitionist
Authors: Sensbach Jon
Published: February 2019

Marcus Rediker, The Fearless Benjamin Lay: The Quaker Dwarf Who Became the First Revolutionary Abolitionist (Boston: Beacon Press, 2017), 212 pp., $26.95 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-0-8070-3592-4.
KINEMATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF MULTIBODY SYSTEMS USING THE KRONECKER PRODUCT
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Thai Minh , Pham Chung Thanh , Khoa Do Dang , Phong Phan Dang
Published: February 2019

This paper employ Khang’s definition of the partial derivative of a matrix with respect to a vector and the Kronecker product to define translational and rotational Hessian matrices. With these definitions, the generalized velocities in the expression of a linear acceleration or an angular acceleration are collected into a quadratic term. The relations of Jacobian and Hessian matrices in relative motion are then established. A new matrix form of Lagrange’s equations showing clearly the quadratic term of generalized velocities is also introduced.
BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF NANOSILVER AGAINST PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS WHICH CAUSE PECULAR DISEASES OF GENITAL SECRETION TRACK
Authors: Dung Tran Thi Ngoc , Hung Nguyen Duc , Buu Ngo Quoc , Hung Le Van , Dung Nguyen Dang
Published: February 2019

Nano silver was known as a bactericidal agent for almost all bacterial species and has been intensively investigated over the world to apply for disinfection in different fields of human activities and environmental protection. Specifically, genital exudate media contain numerous dangerous bacteria such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans etc. which as a rule are drug-resistant with respect to antibiotics. This research presents the results of the application of nanosilver in replacing antibiotics in elimination of the above mentioned microorganisms by using low nanosilver concentrations of about 0.01 mg/cm2 immobilized on non-woven fabric. The experimental data showed that nanosilver-impregnated fabric samples at a concentration 0.01 mg/cm2 gave antibacterial rings of 10 mm, 9 mm and 8 mm, respectively, for        N. gonorrhoeae, Candida albicans + E.coli and Candida albicans + E.coli + S. aureus.
PREPARATION AND FTIR STUDIES OF PMMA/PVC POLYMER BLENDS, PVC-g-PMMA GRAFT COPOLYMERS AND EVALUATING GRAFT CONTENT
Authors: Tham Do Quang , Mai Tran Thi , Hoang Thai , Trang Nguyen Thi Thu , Chinh Nguyen Thuy , Thang Dam Xuan
Published: February 2019

This study presents the qualitative and quantitative analyses of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(vinyl chloride) blends (PMMA/PVC), as well as PVC-g-PMMA graft copolymers. Graft copolymerizations of methyl mathacrylate (MMA) onto PVC macromolecules were carried out mixture of cyclohexanone/N,N-dimethylformamide as solvents, dibenzoyl peroxide as initiator and nitrogen medium. FTIR spectra of PMMA/PVC blends showed that there were molecular interactions between C=O groups of PMMA and C-Cl groups of PVC. Assignments of infrared absorption bands for specific groups of PMMA/PVC blends have been contributed. Using regression method, linear calibration curve between PMMA mole content and peak areas of C=O groups in FTIR spectra of the blends has been found when C=O peak areas were multiplied by an appropriate factor. PMMA grafted content and total PMMA formed content in PVC-g-PMMA graft copolymers have been evaluated. The results showed that grafted PMMA content was increased since PVC was initiatly dechlorinated by NaOH solution. The grafted PMMA content and total formed PMMA content were 5.05 wt.% and 11.25 wt.% respectively when MMA monomers were grafted onto neat PVC and modified PVC molecules.
Co-expression of recombinant single chain variable fragment recognizing blood antigen fused with sumo and chaperones in  Escherichia coli
Authors: Ha Dang Thi Ngoc , Hong Le Thi Thu , Hai Truong Nam
Published: February 2019

Single chain variable fragments (scFv) have widely been used in research, diagnosis and treatment, but the scFv is considered as difficult protein for expression in E. coli. In previous studies, we expressed a construction of recombinant single chain variable fragments again antigen specific for blood type A (antiA-scFv) individually or fused with Trx or SUMO. However, soluble fraction was low abandant and only approximately 40% when fused with Trx, the other cases were expressed in form of inclusion body. Therefore, it was difficult for purification, refolding and activity assesment. In thispaper, we demonstrated a suitable construction for soluble production of antiA-scFv fused with SUMO (SM/antiA-scFv) in presence of chaparones. Under fermentation with 0.1 mM IPTG at 20oC, the SM/antiA-scFv was entirely expressed in soluble form. Importantly, after cleavage from SUMO with SUMOprotease, antiA-scFv was still maintained in the supernatant fraction. Therefore, it can help ensure bioactivity and is useful for purification process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing soluble recombinant scFv fused with SUMO in presence of chaperone for determination of blood group antigens. Thus, this result facilitates the optimal study of soluble expression, purification and bioactivity determination of the antiA-scFv recombinant antibody.