bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic activity of co‐doped NPs based on ZnO as a new class of anti‐microbial agents: Synthesis, characterization, kinetics, isotherm, and in silico molecular docking simulation
Authors: Basseem Mohga , Emam Abeer A. , Kamal Fatma H. , Gamal Azaa M. , Abo Faraha Samia A.
Published: August 2023

This work effectively synthesized pure ZnO (PZ) and the co‐doped ZnO as Sm‐La CDZ NPs, La‐Sr CDZ NPs, and Sm‐Sr CDZ NPs using a hydrothermal technique. To characterize synthetic nanomaterials used, several techniques, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectra, ultraviolet and visible (UV/Vis), photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and graphs by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (XPS), Zeta potential, point of (pHpzc), and specific surface areas. Furthermore, the XRD, SEM, and TEM confirmed the hexagonal crystalline structure. However, XPS and EDX showed that Sm3+, La3+, and Sr2+ions integrated into the ZnO lattice. The UV‐estimated band gaps increased in the co‐doped ZnO; BET surface areas declined. The Zeta potential proved the positivity surface charge of nanomaterials. Consequently, they utilized it to investigate the breakdown of reactive red 43 (RR43). The degradation percentages for PZ, Sm‐La CDZ NPs, La‐Sr CDZ NPs, and Sm‐Sr CDZ NPs were 72.88%, 82.63%, 87.08%, and 91.31%, respectively. According to the results, the Sm‐Sr CDZ NPs exhibit high photocatalytic activity. In addition, the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model and Langmuir model were a better fit. The photocatalytic nanomaterials were also recyclable, which added to their stability. The prepared nanoparticles were evaluated against four bacterial strains and two fungal pathogenic, and the result exhibited a broad spectrum against tested strains. The co‐doped NPs revealed MIC values ranging between1.95 and 62.5 μg/mL and MBC values of (31.3–250 μg/mL) compared with PZ (MIC = 7.81–62.5 μg/mL and MBC = 31.3–250 μg/mL) against bacterial strains. Surprisingly, most of these NPs expressed bacteriocidal and fungicidal potential. In silico molecular docking simulation suggested that the antibacterial activity may be related to the inhibition of DNA gyrase, cell wall synthesis (Upps and Fos A), and biofilm activity (PqsR).
Interfacial interaction of graphene oxide with montmorillonite in tailoring the structure and proton transport phenomena of alginate/PVA membrane for DMFC applications
Authors: Musa Maryam Taufiq , Shaari Norazuwana , Kamarudin Siti Kartom , Yin Wong Wai
Published: August 2023

Polymer electrolyte membrane that has high proton conductivity and low methanol permeability are necessary for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). A sodium alginate (SA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/montmorillonite (MMT)/graphene oxide (GO) quaternary composite membrane was effectively developed in this study. The homogeneous distribution of MMT and GO nanosheets in the SA/PVA/MMT/GO composite membrane was exhibited by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Intriguingly, it has been established that the SA/PVA membrane contains chemical crosslinks between MMT and GO, which significantly contribute to the rise in proton conductivity. The SA/PVA/MMT/GO hybrid membrane has minimum loss modulus of 47.91% and storage modulus of up to 2.689 × 109 Pa, which are 3.8 times greater than those of SA/PVA‐MMT membrane without GO. This value indicates the viscosity and elasticity of the produced membrane. The quaternary composite membrane also exhibits outstanding oxidative stability and methanol barrier characteristics. The methanol permeability of SA/PVA/MMT/GO films 0.524 × 10−9 cm2 s−1, with methanol absorption as low as 9.72%. The best membrane performs at a high‐power density (1.761 mW/cm2) of DMFC at a GO content of 1.3 wt% because it obtains the maximum selectivity value (7.0529 × 106 S scm−3). Future commercial membranes may be replaced by the innovative quaternary membrane created in this work, which has significant potential.
Graphene stripping, a convenient and environmentally friendly technology for the preparation of polyurethane/graphene nanocomposites as a new type of highly wear‐resistant materials
Authors: Su Xingrui , Lai Shuangxin , Yang Shuangqiao , Bai Yuanzhang , Bai Xuemei , Bai Shibing
Published: August 2023

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) has excellent wear resistance properties. Graphene can further improve the friction and wear performance of TPU. However, the agglomeration of graphene in the matrix is still a serious problem. In this study, the solid‐state shear milling technology (S3M) was used to prepare the composite material with graphene stripped and dispersed in TPU. It was found that the graphene sheets were uniformly distributed in the polyurethane matrix, and the thickness of the graphene sheets was reduced from 40 to 2 nm. The mechanical strength increased from 18.4 to 23.3 MPa, an increase of 30%, and under the same conditions, the friction coefficient is reduced from 0.7 to 0.5, and the wear rate is reduced from 10.73% to 0.62%. From these results, the additive dispersion effect of silicone oil and liquid paraffin in the composite material was also investigated. The results showed that the friction coefficient was reduced from 2.0 to 1.0 because of the good lubricating effect of liquid paraffin, whereas silicone oil aggravated the agglomeration phenomenon of graphene and worsened the friction and wear properties.
Neuroprotective effect of Potentilla reptans L. root in the rat brain global ischemia/reperfusion model
Authors: Noorgaldi Soraya , Sarkala Hamzeh Badeli , Enayati Ayesheh , Khori Vahid , Zengin Gökhan , Jahanshahi Mehrdad
Published: August 2023

Stroke is the most common cause of death among neurological diseases. The protective effects of Potentilla reptans L. include antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. In this study, the brain protection and beta‐amyloid effects of P. reptans root extract were investigated in the rat brain ischemia/reperfusion (IR) model. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8), including IR, sham, and three groups receiving P. reptans with concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 (g/kg/b.w.), which were injected daily for 7 days. For the IR model, the common carotid artery was occluded bilaterally for 8 min. All injections were intraperitoneal (IP). The shuttle box test was used to measure passive avoidance memory. Then the brain tissue was extracted for the histological examination of neuron counts and β‐amyloid plaques using a morphometric technique, and finally, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Pretreatment with P. reptans improved memory impairment. Also, by examining the tissues of the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus areas of the hippocampus, it was observed that the number of plaques in the groups receiving P. reptans extract was reduced compared to the IR group, especially at the concentration of 0.05 g/kg/b.w. Also, P. reptans improved the number of neurons at all concentrations, in which the concentration of 0.05 g/kg/b.w. showed more effective therapeutic results. Taken together, we found that P. reptans root extract has beneficial effects on memory impairment, neuronal loss, and β‐amyloid accumulation.
Regional observability of Caputo semilinear fractional systems
Authors: Khalid Zguaid , Fatima Zahrae El Alaoui , Ali Boutoulout
Published: August 2023

This article studies the problem of regional observability of an important class of time‐fractional evolution systems involving the Caputo time‐fractional derivative. The main goal here is to check the regional observability of the considered system in the desired subregion,
, of the evolution domain,
. We assume that the linear part of the studied system is approximately regionally observable in the desired subregion
, and we add some reasonable hypotheses on the system's dynamic,
, as well as on the nonlinear operator
. Then, with the help of all these assumptions, we attempt to reconstruct the initial state of our system in the desired subregion
. To do that, we propose an extension of the Hilbert uniqueness method (HUM) to semilinear fractional systems. The main advantage of the HUM approach is that it transforms the reconstruction problem into a solvability one, which is more practical. We also present an algorithm for reconstructing the initial state in
, which leads to some successful numerical simulations.
Improving the electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion battery using silica/carbon anode through prelithiation techniques
Authors: Nguyen Thi Xuan My , Le Kha Minh , Phung Quan , Truong Duc Quang , Nguyen Hoang Van , Nguyen Quynh Nhu , Huynh Tuyen Thi Kim , Pham Liem Thanh , Van Man Tran , Le Phung My Loan
Published: August 2023

This work focuses on the two most common techniques, including the direct contact method (CM) and the electrochemical method (EM) in the half‐cell applied for the SiO2/C anode. After the prelithiation process, the anodes would be assembled in the coin cells paired with NMC622 cathode. According to electrochemical performance, prelithiation techniques could strengthen the initial discharged capacity and Coulombic efficiency. While the nonprelithiated sample exhibits a poor discharged capacity of 48.43 mAh·g−1 and low Coulombic efficiency of 87.41% in the first cycle, the CM and EM methods illustrated a better battery performance. Specifically, the EM4C exhibited a higher initial discharged capacity and Coulombic efficiency (137.06 mAh·g−1 and 95.82%, respectively) compared to the CM30 (99.08 mAh·g−1 and 93.23%, respectively). As a result, this research hopes to bring some remarkable information to improve full‐cell properties using SiO2/C as an anode material by the prelithiation method.
A simple, efficient, fluorine‐free synthesis method of MXene/Ti3C2Tx anode through molten salt etching for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Hu Wei , Yang Mingcong , Fan Tieyan , Li Zhuanxia , Wang Yang , Li Hengzheng , Zhu Guang , Li Jun , Jin Huile , Yu Lianghao
Published: August 2023

MXenes are mentioned in many applications due to their unique properties. However, the traditional etching method has a lengthy synthesis time, dangerous process, and high cost. Molten salt etching is not only short in time but also safe and simple, laying a good foundation for industrialization. Here, we compare the traditional F‐containing etching method with the molten salt etching method. Transmission electron microscopy elemental mapping images and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that the Ti3C2Tx surface end of traditional etching is terminated by –F, while the Ti3C2Tx surface end of molten salt etching is terminated by –Cl. Finally, the sodium‐ion batteries are fabricated and the performance difference of the three etching methods is compared. The results show that the capacity of 102.1 mAh g–1 can still be reached when the molten salt etching MXene material returns to 0.1 A g–1 after the current density of 5 A g–1. After 500 cycles at 1 A g–1, there is no significant loss of capacity and the Coulomb efficiency is close to 100%. This work describes that molten salt etching MXene has comparable sodium storage capacity to conventional F‐containing etched MXene, making it a potential candidate for the production of large‐scale sodium‐ion batteries.
The microRNAs (miRs) overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy in neurological disorders; hope or hype
Authors: Shelash Al‐Hawary Sulieman Ibraheem , Yahya Ali Anas , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Margiana Ria , Maksuda Ilyasovna Shamsutdinova , Ramadan Montather F. , Almalki Sami G. , Alwave Marim , Alkhayyat Safa , Alsalamy Ali
Published: August 2023

Altered expression of multiple miRNAs was found to be extensively involved in the pathogenesis of different neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. One of the biggest concerns within gene‐based therapy is the delivery of the therapeutic microRNAs to the intended place, which is obligated to surpass the biological barriers without undergoing degradation in the bloodstream or renal excretion. Hence, the delivery of modified and unmodified miRNA molecules using excellent vehicles is required. In this light, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted increasing attention. The MSCs can be genetically modified to express or overexpress a particular microRNA aimed with promote neurogenesis and neuroprotection. The current review has focused on the therapeutic capabilities of microRNAs‐overexpressing MSCs to ameliorate functional deficits in neurological conditions.
First‐line nivolumab, paclitaxel, carboplatin, and bevacizumab for advanced non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer: Updated survival analysis of the ONO‐4538‐52/TASUKI‐52 randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Hye Ryun , Sugawara Shunichi , Lee Jong‐Seok , Kang Jin‐Hyoung , Inui Naoki , Hida Toyoaki , Lee Ki Hyeong , Yoshida Tatsuya , Tanaka Hiroshi , Yang Cheng‐Ta , Nishio Makoto , Ohe Yuichiro , Tamura Tomohide , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Yu Chong‐Jen , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Takahashi Shigeru , Nakagawa Kazuhiko
Published: August 2023

Background

ONO‐4538‐52/TASUKI‐52 was performed in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan to determine the oncological effectiveness and safety of combining nivolumab or placebo with bevacizumab plus platinum chemotherapy for the initial (first‐line) treatment of patients with advanced non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer (nsNSCLC). At the interim analysis (minimum follow‐up, 7.4 months), the independent radiology review committee‐assessed progression‐free survival was significantly longer in the nivolumab arm, but overall survival (OS) data were immature.

Methods

Here, we present the updated OS data. Patients with treatment‐naïve stage IIIB/IV or recurrent nsNSCLC without driver mutations in ALK, EGFR, or ROS1, were randomized 1:1 to receive either nivolumab or placebo. Patients in both arms received paclitaxel, carboplatin, and bevacizumab, administered 3‐weekly for a maximum of 6 cycles. Nivolumab/placebo and bevacizumab were subsequently continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Results

Overall, 550 patients were randomized. At the time of the analysis (minimum follow‐up: 19.4 months), the median OS was longer in the nivolumab arm than in the placebo arm (30.8 vs. 24.7 months; hazard ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.58–0.94). The 12‐month OS rates were 81.3% vs. 76.3% in the nivolumab vs. placebo arms, respectively. The respective 18‐month OS rates were 69.0% vs. 61.9%.

Conclusion

Nivolumab plus platinum chemotherapy and bevacizumab demonstrated longer OS vs. the placebo combination. We believe this regimen is viable as a standard, first‐line treatment for patients with advanced nsNSCLC without driver mutations in ALK, EGFR, or ROS1.
Overexpression of POFUT1 promotes malignant phenotype and mediates perineural invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Barlak Neslisah , Kusdemir Gulnur , Gumus Rasim , Gundogdu Betul , Sahin Mehmet Hakan , Tatar Arzu , Ittmann Michael , Karatas Omer Faruk
Published: August 2023

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most aggressive neoplasms, which requires more effective prevention and treatment modalities. Previous studies found that protein O‐fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) upregulation promotes carcinogenesis, although the potential roles, underlying molecular mechanisms, and biological implications of POFUT1 in HNSCC were not investigated. In this study, in silico analyses referred POFUT1 as a potential oncogene in HNSCC. Further analysis of tumor and normal tissue samples as well as HNSCC cells with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry showed significant overexpression of POFUT1 in HNSCC clinical tumor tissue specimens and cell lines compared to corresponding controls. In vitro investigations revealed that overexpression of POFUT1 promoted phenotypes associated with cancer aggressiveness and its knockdown in HNSCC cells suppressed those phenotypes. Further xenograft experiments demonstrated that POFUT1 is an oncogene in vivo for HNSCC. Immunohistochemical analysis with human clinical samples and cancer cell‐dorsal root ganglion ex‐vivo coculture model showed that deregulation of POFUT1 is involved in the perineural invasion of HNSCC cells. These results suggest POFUT1 expression as a potential prognostic marker for patients with head and neck cancer and highlight its potential as a target for HNSCC therapy, although more molecular clues are needed to better define the functions of POFUT1 related to HNSCC carcinogenesis.
Solid‐State Electrolyte‐Based Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide: Progress and Opportunities
Authors: Luthfiah Annisa , Lee Chan Woo
Published: August 2023

Research on electrocatalytic CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) has been growing rapidly owing to the urgent requirement of sustainable renewable energy. However, several obstacles hinder the application of liquid salt electrolytes in CO2RR, such as high costs, low concentrations of the product, and low purity due to the separation process of the product. Solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) have been introduced as viable alternatives to liquid electrolytes and their salts to address this challenge. Here, we summarize the recently demonstrated studies and opportunities related to catholyte‐free CO2RR using SSEs. The recent studies are classified based on the product, including the CO2RR electrolyzer performance. Different SSEs are briefly discussed to highlight the new opportunities in CO2RR application. We also describe the basic operation parameter of the catholyte‐free CO2RR using SSE, which has been studied before as the key variable of the reactor. This review provides insights on minimizing the use of salt electrolytes for CO2RR and reveal opportunities for using this technique to improve the efficiency of CO2RR on a large scale. The exploration of utilizing solid‐state electrolytes (SSE) on a scale‐up production has been pursued to showcase their viability in integrating them into commercial CO2RR technology.
Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural: Advancements in Heterogeneous Catalysts and Cutting‐Edge Hydrolysis Strategies
Authors: Rezayan Armin , Zhang Yongsheng , Li Baojun , Xu Chunbao Charles
Published: August 2023

The catalytic conversion of lignocellulose‐derived carbohydrates, particularly cellulose, into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), holds significant potential as a crucial step in the sustainable production of valuable platform chemicals. This review presents the remarkable progress made in the field, with a specific emphasis on the role of heterogeneous catalysts, innovative methods for accelerating cellulose hydrolysis, and the design of flow reactor technologies. The distinctive properties and surface functionalities of catalysts facilitate the efficient breakdown of cellulose's intricate structure, thereby promoting selective hydrolysis leading to HMF formation. Therefore, this review comprehensively examines various categories of heterogeneous catalysts, including metal oxides/phosphates, zeolites, functionalized silica/carbon‐based materials, heteropolyacids (HPAs), and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), highlighting their unique mechanisms and performance in cellulose conversion. Furthermore, the review describes the intriguing progress in hydrolysis strategies (pretreatment techniques and advanced heating systems) that have been crucially involved in overcoming the challenges associated with cellulose recalcitrance and achieving enhanced HMF yields. The synergistic interactions between catalysts and innovative hydrolysis methods have played a central role in the breakthroughs within cellulose conversion technology. Another aspect covered in this work is the advancement in using fixed‐/fluidized‐bed reactors and slug microreactors for the continuous production of HMF. Lastly, the current challenges and future perspectives are presented to propose the dilemma and development direction for efficient cellulose‐to‐HMF conversion.
Synthesis of Phase‐Selective Ionic Liquid Gels and Application to the Synthesis of Ethyl Acetate
Authors: Liu Huiru , Xie Ruixue , Xu Zhice
Published: August 2023

Novel and environment‐friendly ionic liquid gels (ILG) were synthesized based on polymers, phenylboronic acid, and [BMIM]HSO4, in order to solve the problems in esterification, such as poor selectivity, difficult separation of product and catalyst, and catalyst recycling. The stability and structures of the ILG were characterized by rheology, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and energy calculation. The solubility data proved that the ILG had phase selectivity, which could enable a homogeneous reaction. The synthesis of ethyl acetate was chosen to evaluate the catalytic activity, with the product yields being higher than 80 %. The catalyst could be recycled directly, without any post‐treatment. Thus, the ILG could enhance the industrial application of esterification.
ZIF‐8 Incorporated in an Optimized Pebax®1657/PES Membrane for Pure and Mixed CO2/CH4 Gas Separation
Authors: Mosleh Samira , Mozdianfard Mohammad Reza , Khanbabaei Ghader
Published: August 2023

Synthesized ZIF‐8 (zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8) nanoparticles were embedded in Pebax®1657/polyethersulfone (PES) to construct a mixed‐matrix membrane. The membrane was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile tests. The separation performance of CO2 from CH4 and N2 was also measured at feed pressures of 4, 8, and 12 bar at room temperature. The results indicated that adding nanoparticles and glassy polymer into the Pebax®1657 matrix led to improved thermal and mechanical stabilities of the membrane and an 88 % increase in CO2 permeance (at 30 wt % ZIF‐8 in Pebax®1657/PES‐10 %). The Pebax®1657/PES/ZIF‐8 membrane exceeded Robeson's trade‐off upper bound.
A Combination of B‐ and N‐Doped π‐Systems Enabling Systematic Tuning of Electronic Structures and Properties
Authors: Sun Wenting , Yang Yue , Tian Xinyu , Yuan Liuzhong , Wang Yue , Dou Chuandong
Published: August 2023

Doping heteroatoms into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may alter their structures and thereby physical properties. This study reports the construction of B/N‐codoped PAHs via combining the B‐ and N‐doped π‐systems. Two π‐extended B/N‐codoped PAHs were synthesized through the Mallory photoreaction. Both feature a C48BN2 π‐skeleton, which is assembled by linearly fusing three substructures including B‐doped and sp2‐hybridized N‐doped π‐moieties and one pyrene unit. In comparison to the pristine B‐doped analog, their intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states are distinctly modulated by the fused N‐doped π‐system and the further incorporated cyano group, leading to their tunable optical properties, as revealed by detailed theoretical and experimental analysis. Furthermore, these three molecules have sufficient Lewis acidity and can coordinate with Lewis base to form Lewis acid‐base adducts, and notably, such intermolecular complexation can further dynamically modulate their ICT transitions and thereby photophysical properties, such as producing blue, green and red fluorescence.
Blockchain assisted encryption scheme for intellectual share estimation using medical research data
Authors: Diwan Princy , Kashyap Ramgopal , Khandelwal Brijesh
Published: August 2023

Recently, blockchain utilization with advanced encryption and decryption has gained improved attention over diverse applications. Especially in the medical field, big data storage requires an effective medium for managing user data with high confidentiality. The existing research presents diverse encryption algorithms, but certain drawbacks include sensitive information leakage, ineffective data integrity verification, and increased computational cost and time. The proposed work develops an effective blockchain mechanism for secured data storage to conquer these limitations. This article secures the medical research data from different team members for intellectual share estimation. Initially, the registration process involves user details such as name, contact number, age and so on. Next, a digital signature is generated for every registered user using the SHA‐256 hash algorithm. During data uploading, the data is encrypted using elliptic curve Diffie Hellman encryption scheme to promote security. The audio and video files are stored in inter planetary file system, and texts are stored in the blockchain. The users can retrieve the stored data from the blockchain using the encryption key. The identities and associated public keys are verified using a smart contract to validate the user certificate. Next, a decision form is made to show the polling mechanism using item preference ranking for other users viewing the data. The proposed mechanism ensures intellectual shares for all the users associated with a specified project. The performances are analyzed using PYTHON, and the encryption time obtained in the proposed model is 0.85 s at 140 security bit level.
A multithreaded CUDA and OpenMP based power‐aware programming framework for multi‐node GPU systems
Authors: Czarnul Paweł
Published: August 2023

In the article, we have proposed a framework that allows programming a parallel application for a multi‐node system, with one or more graphical processing units (GPUs) per node, using an OpenMP+extended CUDA API. OpenMP is used for launching threads responsible for management of particular GPUs and extended CUDA calls allow to transfer data and launch kernels on local and remote GPUs. The framework hides inter‐node MPI communication from the programmer. For optimization, the implementation takes advantage of the MPI_THREAD_MULTIPLE mode allowing: multiple threads handling distinct GPUs as well as overlapping communication and computations transparently using multiple CUDA streams. The solution allows data parallelization across available GPUs in order to minimize execution time and supports a power‐aware mode in which GPUs are automatically selected for computations using a greedy approach in order not to exceed an imposed power limit. We have implemented and benchmarked three parallel applications including: finding the largest divisors; verification of the Collatz conjecture; finding patterns in vectors. These were tested on three various systems: a GPU cluster with 16 nodes, each with NVIDIA GTX 1060 GPU; a powerful 2‐node system—one node with 8 NVIDIA Quadro RTX 6000 GPUs, the second with 4 NVIDIA Quadro RTX 5000 GPUs; a heterogeneous environment with one node with 2 NVIDIA RTX 2080 and 2 nodes with NVIDIA GTX 1060 GPUs. We demonstrated effectiveness of the framework through execution times versus power caps within ranges of 100–1400 W, 250–3000 W, and 125–600 W for these systems respectively as well as gains from using two versus one CUDA streams per GPU. Finally, we have shown that for the testbed applications the solution allows to obtain high speed‐ups between 89.3% and 97.4% of the theoretically assessed ideal ones, for 16 nodes and 2 CUDA streams, demonstrating very good parallel efficiency.
Treating depression in an outpatient setting: Predictors of patient response to bouldering psychotherapy, cognitive behavioural therapy or exercise alone
Authors: Luttenberger Katharina , Donath Carolin , Graessel Elmar , Kornhuber Johannes , Schlüter Annika , Dorscht Lisa , Kind Leona
Published: August 2023

Background

Bouldering psychotherapy (BPT) for depression has proven effective, but nothing is known about its potential predictors of response. This study should identify predictors of response to BPT, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and an active control (home‐based exercise programme; EP) using a literature‐based model.

Methods

In a multicentre randomised controlled trial, 233 outpatients were assigned to BPT, CBT or EP. Response (reduction of at least 46% on the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS]) and remission (≤7 MADRS points) were defined as suggested by the literature. Predictors of response were identified twofold: (1) univariate analyses followed by logistic regression analyses in each group with all predictors yielding a univariate p‐value <.20 and (2) a backward regression analysis with all potential predictors. Only variables that emerged as predictors in both types of analyses were interpreted.

Results

There was a significantly greater proportion of responders (p = .035) in the BPT than in the EP. The chance of response in the BPT was higher for patients with a higher health‐related quality of life. In the EP, response was higher for patients with lower interpersonal sensitivity, suffering from their first episode and living with a partner.

Conclusions

Response rates in BPT are similar to or even higher than in other outpatient psychotherapy group therapies. BPT and CBT are suitable for a wide range of patients, but patients with higher functionality could start with psychoeducation and exercise.
Investigation of Immunogenicity Assessment of Biosimilar Monoclonal Antibodies in the United States
Authors: Cheng Ching‐An , Jiang Ai‐Lei , Liu Yu‐Ru , Chang Lin‐Chau
Published: August 2023

Immunogenicity is critical for biologics. However, reference biologics labeling documents do not necessarily mention immunogenicity impact, rendering the development of biosimilars more challenging. We aimed to investigate the comparative assessment of immunogenicity profiles between biosimilars and their respective reference biologics in the review reports of the biosimilar monoclonal antibody applications approved by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as of March 13, 2022, covering 22 applications approved between April 5, 2016, and December 17, 2021. The maximum differences in anti‐drug antibody (ADA) and neutralizing antibody (NAb) incidences between biosimilars and reference products mostly fell within ± 15% (−13.6% to 12%) and ± 20% (−17.4% to 17.1%, except extreme values of −23.4% and 66.7%), respectively. In comparison with antineoplastic agents, more immunosuppressants had ADA‐positive (11/11, 100.0% vs. 8/10, 80.0%)/NAb‐positive (11/11, 100.0% vs. 3/10, 30.0%) subjects, and the distribution of the aforementioned incidence differences was wider. The investigated biosimilars with available data for analysis demonstrated a high degree of consistency with their reference products in terms of the impact on pharmacokinetic parameters. No increase in immunogenicity was found in available switching studies. Most (16/22, 72.7%) biosimilars were issued post‐marketing requirements that were not directly related to immunogenicity concerns. The FDA considered the totality of evidence assessing clinical consequences of immunogenicity differences, if any. Additional information on titers and subgroup analysis may be warranted to elucidate the critical attributes of immunogenicity impact and to aid in forming cost‐effective strategies for biosimilar development.
Gain Enhancement of Composite Photonic Crystal Microstrip Patch Antenna Inspired by Maxwell Garnett Model for C‐Band, X‐Band and Ku Band Applications
Authors: Mercy P. Arockia Michael , Wilson K. S. Joseph
Published: August 2023

The latest developments in communication systems require an economical, light‐weight, compact size, and excellent performance in microstrip patch antennas in order to meet the requirements of the upcoming implementation. The optical, electrical, and physical properties of different materials have an impact on the design of antennas. An innovative composite photonic crystal microstrip patch antenna with outstanding gain has been developed. For composites of fumed silica embedded in RT‐Duroid dielectric material, the effective permittivity is calculated using the Maxwell‐Garnett model. The performance of composite antennas for different volume fractions and various dielectric substrate thicknesses is studied. The resonance frequencies of composites also shift from the X‐band to the C‐band with an increase in volume concentration, which is suitable for wireless communication systems. This investigation provides a perspective on how composite substrates can represent a communication revolution by providing an alternative to substrates that are readily accessible commercially in situations when the material qualities are insufficient. The photonic crystal composite antenna records the highest gain of 13.89 dB with the coverage of C‐band, X‐band, and Ku‐band, whereas the composite antenna reaches the best gain of 10 dB with the coverage of C‐band and X‐band.
Multi‐tiered dispute resolution clauses in engineering contracts: A Jordanian legal perspective
Authors: Alhasan Tariq K. , Al‐Hawamdeh Ahmed M.
Published: August 2023

This study delves into the intricacies of the multi‐tier dispute resolution clause in engineering contracts, particularly within the Jordanian legal system. The multi‐tier dispute resolution clause has evolved from a traditional arbitration clause into a more comprehensive approach, reflecting the complexities of modern contractual relationships. The study employs a doctrinal or library‐based methodology involving a comprehensive review of relevant legal texts, statutes, regulations, and case law. The multi‐tier dispute resolution clause is defined as a contractual clause that stipulates the existence of different stages, each involving separate procedures, to address disputes and seek to resolve them. The study also examines the mandatory nature of the multi‐tier dispute resolution clause and the procedural defense based on an arbitration clause. The study concludes that following the sequence outlined, the multi‐tier dispute resolution clause should be binding. This necessitates the Jordanian legislator's intervention to establish a legislative framework that empowers decisions made by the Dispute Adjudication Board (DAB) or Dispute Avoidance/Adjudication Board (DAAB) to achieve the goals of multi‐tiered dispute resolution clause. It also calls for an amendment to Article (109) of the Civil Procedure Law, allowing procedural defense based on the Multi‐Tiered Dispute Resolution Clause, not limiting it to the arbitration clause, even if arbitration is not one of its tiers. This power should also extend to amicable settlements to ensure the proper implementation of the steps under the multi‐tiered dispute resolution clause.
Co‐inoculation of soybean with Bradyrhizobium spp. and Amazonian strains of Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens increases the productivity and profitability of the crop
Authors: Leite Rubson da Costa , Hungria Mariangela , Leite Robson da Costa , Souza de Ávila Williams , da Silva Gisele Barata
Published: August 2023

Co‐inoculation of soybean with plant growth‐promoting microorganisms has the potential to increase yield, and the Amazon is a biome rich in these beneficial microorganisms. Soybean is the most important grain crop in Brazil and is highly benefited by inoculation with Bradyrhizobium spp. strains, both of which represent exotic symbiotic partners. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soybean co‐inoculation with Amazonian strains of Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted during the 2020 and 2021 crop seasons in Brazil, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized in the greenhouse, and randomized blocks were used in the field, both with 3 × 2 factorial schemes. Standard inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and co‐inoculation with T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens was considered the first factor, and the second factor was represented by phosphate fertilization (0 and 100 kg ha−1 of P2O5). The root system volumes were 25% and 17% higher than those of the standard inoculation with T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens, respectively. In 2020, co‐inoculation with T. asperellum increased yield by 15%, plant height by 27%, and net profit by up to 121 USD compared with standard inoculation. In 2021, co‐inoculation with T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens resulted in increases in several growth parameters compared to those with standard inoculation, including 7% and 13% greater yields, and 159 USD and 309 USD increases in net profit, respectively. Our results indicate the possibility of expanding soybean co‐inoculation with local strains of Bacillus and Trichoderma, with benefits for productivity and profitability.
Two modes of contact‐time reduction in the impact of particle‐coated droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Lathia Rutvik , Modak Chandantaru D. , Sen Prosenjit
Published: August 2023

Reducing the contact time during droplet impact is essential for many scientific and industrial applications, such as self‐cleaning, anti‐icing, heat transfer, and condensation. This paper reports contact‐time reduction by coating droplets with micro–nano hydrophobic particles. Such particle‐coated droplets are known as liquid marbles (LM). LM impact on superhydrophobic surfaces reveals two different modes of contact‐time reduction. For lower impact energies, the reduced adhesion of LM with the surface is responsible for a reduction of up to 21%. Contact‐time reduction in this regime is found to be independent of particle size but dependent on the solid fraction of LM. However, a fragmentation‐based contact‐time reduction is observed for larger particle sizes and higher impact energies. Here, the reduction is as high as 65%. Such fragmentation occurs because the spreading LM lamella breaks when its thickness becomes similar to particle dimensions. Our findings reveal the potential of LM as a novel approach to reduce contact time during droplet impact, with implications for various scientific and industrial applications.
Heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: Insights from DELIVER
Authors: Butt Jawad H. , Lu Henri , Kondo Toru , Bachus Erasmus , de Boer Rudolf A. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Martinez Felipe A. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J.V.
Published: August 2023

Aim

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is common in heart failure with a mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFmrEF/HFpEF) and is associated with worse outcomes. In a pre‐specified analysis of DELIVER, we investigated the relationship between COPD status and outcomes, and the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin, compared with placebo, according to COPD status.

Methods and results

Patients with severe pulmonary disease (including COPD) were excluded from the trial. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure. Of the 6261 patients with data on baseline COPD status, 694 (11.1%) had a known history of this condition. The risk of the primary endpoint was higher in patients with mild‐to‐moderate COPD compared with those without COPD (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.51). The benefit of dapagliflozin on the primary outcome was consistent irrespective of COPD status (no COPD: HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.72–0.93]; COPD: HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.62–1.10]; pinteraction = 0.98). Consistent effects were observed for heart failure, cardiovascular, and all‐cause hospitalization, and deaths, and composites of these. Dapagliflozin, as compared with placebo, improved the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores from baseline to 8 months to a similar extent in patients with and without mild‐to‐moderate COPD (pinteraction ≥ 0.63). Adverse events and treatment discontinuation were not more frequent with dapagliflozin than with placebo irrespective of COPD status.

Conclusions

Mild‐to‐moderate COPD is common in patients with HFmrEF/HFpEF and is associated with worse outcomes. The beneficial effects of dapagliflozin compared with placebo on clinical events and symptoms were consistent, regardless of COPD status.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03619213.
Manganese‐Catalysed Transfer Hydrogenation of Quinolines under Mild Conditions
Authors: Chu Xiaoxiao , Zhou Guoren , Pang Maofu , Zhang Hongwu
Published: August 2023

Herein, an efficient methodology for the homogeneous manganese‐catalysed transfer hydrogenation of N‐heterocycles by using ammonia‐borane as a hydrogen source under mild reaction conditions is reported. Good to excellent isolated yields are achieved by applying a PNP manganese pincer complex. In the reaction, 1,2‐dihydroquinoline is detected as intermediate by NMR spectra analysis and deuterium labelling experiment. The catalytic reaction likely proceeded by an outer‐sphere pathway based on the bifunctional pincer complex.
Ionovoltaics in energy harvesting and applications: A journey from early development to current state‐of‐the‐art
Authors: Lee Won Hyung , Park Junwoo , Yoon Sun Geun , Jin Huding , Han Junghyup , Kim Youn Sang
Published: August 2023

Ionovoltaics is a breakthrough concept in energy conversion that harnesses water motion with ion dynamics to generate electrical energy. This phenomenon is based on the interaction between the nanoscopic ionic behavior at the solid–liquid interface and the flow of electrons in a semiconductor electrode. Ionovoltaic research aims to present the most rational and convincing mechanism for the much‐debated principle of energy conversion by water motion through a deeper understanding of solid–liquid interfacial phenomena and to discuss the potential to transform related fields through the development of enabling technologies such as novel energy harvesters, interfacial analysis tools, and bio/chemical sensors. Furthermore, efforts to develop high‐efficiency ionovoltaic device powered by small water droplets indicate a potential contribution to the advancement of green energy systems that complement solar and wind power generation and address environmental pollution and energy shortages. This review paper explores the evolution of energy harvesting technologies using water motion, with a particular focus on ionovoltaics as an emerging field. By establishing the fundamentals, this study investigates solid–liquid interfaces, semiconductor properties, and natural water motion‐driven ionovoltaic phenomena and also highlights that extensive research on complex ion/interface phenomena can have practical applications in diverse industrial fields.

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Toward multivariate fragility functions for seismic damage and loss estimation of high‐rise buildings
Authors: Kourehpaz Pouria , Molina Hutt Carlos , Lallemant David
Published: August 2023

Data‐driven models for seismic damage and loss assessment of buildings have become more common in recent years due to the availability of large repositories of recorded and synthetic ground motions coupled with structural response simulation data. This paper explores the benefits of using bivariate and multivariate fragility functions to estimate earthquake‐induced damage and economic loss in high‐rise buildings. The dataset used in this study encompasses 15,000 simulations of modern high‐rise reinforced concrete shear wall buildings ranging from eight to 24 stories which are subjected to ground motion records at five different intensity levels. The proposed functions are conditioned on average spectral accelerations and ground motion significant duration. The results indicate that bivariate fragility functions improve damage state prediction success (Brier score) by 16%, and multivariate fragility functions by 24% relative to conventional univariate functions (standard of practice). To develop multivariate functions, nominal and ordinal probit regression models are fit to the dataset. While both models yield satisfactory predictive performance, ordinal functions can lead to a 15% reduction in misclassified collapse instances, that is, the minority class. Univariate functions tend to overestimate seismic losses at lower intensity levels while underestimating them at higher intensities. These loss estimates are significantly improved when bivariate or multivariate building fragility functions are used. Given the increase in the use of physics‐based ground motion simulations and/or multi‐variate ground motion models, from which multiple intensity measures can be extracted, a shift toward a more complex representation of fragility functions, for example, multivariate curves, is necessary and inevitable. The proposed functions are used to evaluate the performance of a portfolio of modern high‐rise reinforced concrete shear wall buildings at four sites across the Seattle, Washington metropolitan area under a potential magnitude‐9 Cascadia subduction zone earthquake scenario. The results indicate that the proposed functions can be beneficial in enhancing damage state predictions and loss estimates at a regional scale.
From the past to the future: Fermented milks and their health effects against human diseases
Authors: Zhang Tuo , Geng Shuo , Cheng Tiantian , Mao Kemin , Chitrakar Bimal , Gao Jie , Sang Yaxin
Published: August 2023

The benefits of fermented milk have been known to mankind since the ancient days of civilization. The important role of fermented milk in human nutrition has been well documented through the ages, from the original unpredictable souring of milk caused by the microorganisms inherent in milk to modern microbiological processes, leading to fermented milk with the greater nutritional value produced under controlled conditions. The bioactive peptides synthesized by the microbial degradation of proteins in fermented milk and the addition of supplements, such as probiotics and prebiotics endow them with various physiological functions, including the regulation of the gut microbiota, cholesterol lowering, and immunomodulation, making them potential functional foods that are notable in healthy diets. Here, we summarized the development of fermented milk into four stages and also summarized their impact on health and diseases during different developmental stages. In addition, we described the characteristics and limitations of fermented milk in different eras. Accordingly, we integrated the future trends in the development of fermented milk as functional foods. It is hoped that the efforts to develop the potential of fermented milk as functional foods will help manage the health risks faced by many countries.
Pr‐ and Co‐substitution in rare earth nickelates: Application as SOEC air electrodes
Authors: Egger Andreas , Eisbacher‐Lubensky Sarah , Sampl Kathrin , Subotić Vanja , Hochenauer Christoph , Sitte Werner , Bucher Edith
Published: August 2023

In this work, fundamental material properties of compounds in the system (La,Pr)2(Ni,Co)O4+δ as well as their performance as air electrodes in solid oxide electrolysis cells were investigated. Nickelates co‐doped with Pr and Co were characterized on a material basis by means of X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetry. Conductivity and conductivity relaxation measurements were performed in order to obtain the electronic conductivity as well as the chemical surface exchange coefficient and the chemical diffusion coefficient of oxygen as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure. These parameters can be regarded as the most essential properties at the material level required to assess the suitability of mixed ionic‐electronic conducting ceramics for application as air electrode in solid oxide cells. The electrode performance of the materials was then tested on fuel electrode‐supported button cells at 800°C. The electrodes were applied by screen‐printing and the effect of varying the Pr‐content and Co‐content of the electrode powder was investigated. Cell tests were performed by means of current‐voltage measurements in electrolysis mode. While no significant impact of Pr‐doping on the investigated material properties was observed, the electrode performance of Pr‐containing materials was significantly better than for the Pr‐free compound, which has been discussed in detail.