bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of the metabolites of gigantol in rat urine by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Fan Yuanmin , Han Han , He Chunyong , Yang Li , Wang Zhengtao
Published: June 2014

Gigantol is a typical bibenzyl compound isolated from Dendrobii Caulis that has been widely used as a medicinal herb in China for the treatment of diabetic cataract, cancer and arteriosclerosis obliterans and as a tonic for stomach nourishment, saliva secretion promotion and fever reduction. However, few studies have been carried out on its in vivo metabolism. In the present study, a rapid and sensitive method based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q/TOF‐MS) in positive ion mode was developed and applied to identify the metabolites of gigantol in rat urine after a single oral dose (100 mg/kg). Chromatographic separation was performed on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 × 2.1 mm i. d., 1.8 µm) using acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid as mobile phases. A total of 11 metabolites were detected and identified as all phase II metabolites. The structures of the metabolites were identified based on the characteristics of their MS, MS2 data and chromatographic retention times. The results showed that glucuronidation is the principal metabolic pathway of gigantol in rats. The newly identified metabolites are useful to understand the mechanism of elimination of gigantol and, in turn, its effectiveness and toxicity. As far as we know, this is the first attempt to investigate the metabolic fate of gigantol in vivo. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Offending outcomes of a mental health youth diversion pilot scheme in England
Authors: Haines Alina , Lane Steven , McGuire James , Perkins Elizabeth , Whittington Richard
Published: June 2014

Background

A youth justice diversion scheme designed to enhance health provision for young people with mental health and developmental problems as soon as they enter the youth justice system has been piloted in six areas of England.

Aim

As part of a wider evaluation of the first youth justice diversion scheme outside the USA, our aim here was to examine re‐offending. We sought to test the hypothesis that a specialised service for young people with mental health difficulties would be associated with reductions in re‐offending. In addition, we examined factors associated with the re‐offending that occurred.

Methods

Two hundred and eight young offenders with access to the diversion scheme and 200 without were compared in four geographical area pairings to allow for socio‐demographic contextual differences. Officially recorded re‐offending was ascertained for 15–30 months after study entry. We also tested characteristics associated with re‐offending among everyone entering the diversion scheme (n = 870).

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in re‐offending rates between the diversion and comparison samples, but those with access to diversion had significantly longer periods of desistance from offending than those who did not. In multivariate analysis, the only significant characteristic associated with re‐offending was history of previous offending.

Conclusions

Prevention of re‐offending is only one of the potentially beneficial outcomes of diversion of young people who are vulnerable because of mental health problems, but it is an important one. The advantage of longer survival without prevention of re‐offending suggests that future research should explore critical timings for these young people. The equivocal nature of the findings suggests that a randomised controlled trial would be justified. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: MgAuGa and MgAu2Ga: First Representatives of the Mg—Au—Ga System.
Authors: Smetana Volodymyr , Corbett John D. , Miller Gordon J.
Published: June 2014

Single crystals of MgAuGa (I) and MgAu2Ga (II) are obtained from melts of the elements with Mg/Au/Ga ratios of 1:1:1, 1:1:3, or 1:2:2, (Ta ampoules in SiO2 jackets, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Thermal Properties of Composites with RE‐Borohydrides (RE: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Er, Yb or Lu) and LiBH4.
Authors: Olsen Joern Eirik , Frommen Christoph , Jensen Torben R. , Riktor Marit D. , Soerby Magnus H. , Hauback Bjoern C.
Published: June 2014

Mechanochemical milling of LnCl3 (Ln: La—Tb, Er, Yb, Lu) with LiBH4 in the molar ratio of 1:6 for 5 h and additional annealing at 100 °C for 50 h leads to the new compounds LiLn(BH4)3Cl (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd), Ln(BH4)3 (Ln: Sm, Gd, Tb, Er, Yb), and/or LiLn(BH4)4 (Ln: Yb, Lu).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4H‐SrMnO3.0 Nanoparticles from a Molecular Precursor and Their Topotactic Reduction Pathway Identified at Atomic Scale.
Authors: Gonzalez‐Jimenez Irma N. , Torres‐Pardo Almudena , Sanchez‐Pelaez Ana E. , Gutierrez Angel , Garcia‐Hernandez Mar , Gonzalez‐Calbet Jose M. , Parras Marina , Varela Aurea
Published: June 2014

SrMn(edta)(H2O)5·3/2H2O (I) is synthesized from an aqueous mixture of H4edta, MnCO3, and SrCO3 (40% yield) and used as a precursor for the synthesis of 4H‐SrMnO3.0 nanoparticles (II) by thermal decomposition (oxygen atmosphere, 1123 K, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Nd2Fe14B Synthesis: Effect of Excess Neodymium on Phase Purity and Magnetic Property.
Authors: Jadhav Abhijit P. , Ma Haoxuan , Kim Dong Soo , Baek Youn Kyung , Choi Chul Jin , Kang Young Soo
Published: June 2014

The effect of 5, 10, 12, and 15 wt.% excess of Nd on the synthesis and properties of hard phase Nd2Fe14B magnetic materials is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of H2V3O8/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite as a Promising Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Wei Yingjin , et al. et al.
Published: June 2014

H2V3O8 nanowires wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as composite cathodes for Li‐ion batteries are hydrothermally prepared by ultrasonication of a suspension of V2O5, H2O2, and a graphene oxide derived by a modified Hummers method (autoclave, 200 °C, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiodifferentiation of Multifunctional Tertiary Alcohols by NMR Spectroscopy with a Whelk‐O Type Chiral Solvating Agent.
Authors: Wolf Christian , Cook Andrea M. , Dannatt Jonathan E.
Published: June 2014

A chiral recognition process based on two different conformers in the presence of a chiral solvating agent is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Triflic Anhydride: A Mild Reagent for Highly Efficient Synthesis of 1,2‐Benzisoxazoles, Isoxazolo, and Isothiazolo Quinolines Without Additive or Base.
Authors: Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Yuvaraj H.
Published: June 2014

A practical and simple method for the synthesis of 1,2‐benzisoxazoles (II), isoxazolo‐ (IV), and isothiazoloquinolines (VI) is developed based on the Tf2O‐mediated intramolecular cyclization of appropriate oximes (I), (III) or (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: AgOTf‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Cyclization of Triynols with NXS: Rapid Synthesis of Densely Trisubstituted Naphthalenes and Quinolines.
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Jia Xuegong , Ye Changqing , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Wu Jie
Published: June 2014

The structure of product (IIa) is confirmed by X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Acetate Mediated Acetoxylations of Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Nolla‐Saltiel Roberto , Carrillo‐Arcos Ulises , Porcel Susana
Published: June 2014

This neutral acetoxylation reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups and gives the corresponding products in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious Synthesis of Aromatic Cyanodienones Using Neutral Alumina as a Versatile Heterogeneous Catalyst.
Authors: Mouradzadegun Arash , Abadast Fatemeh
Published: June 2014

The corresponding reaction without the γ‐A2O3 catalyst requires significantly longer reaction times of 20 min to 1h for the preparation of (IIIa‐d) and 4‐23 h for the preparation of (IIIe,f) and (Va,b).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Methyl Esterification of Aromatic Aldehydes and Benzoic Alcohols by TBHP as Both Oxidant and Methyl Source.
Authors: Li Pan , Zhao Jingjing , Lang Rui , Xia Chungu , Li Fuwei
Published: June 2014

The direct oxidative methyl esterification of aromatic aldehydes and benzylic alcohols with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as both the oxidant and the methyl source proceeds via a radical reaction mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper/Silver‐Mediated Cascade Reactions for the Construction of 2‐Sulfonylbenzo[b]furans from trans‐2‐Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Sodium Sulfinates.
Authors: Li Hong‐Shuang , Liu Gang
Published: June 2014

An unprecedented synthetic protocol for the efficient construction of 2‐sulfonylbenzofurans via a protodecarboxylation/C—S bond formation/C—O bond formation cascade is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidation of Chiral Homopropargyl Sulfonamides: A Reliable Access to Enantioenriched Pyrrolidin‐3‐ones.
Authors: Shu Chao , Li Long , Yu Yong‐Fei , Jiang Shuang , Ye Long‐Wu
Published: June 2014

Attempts upon expansion of the methodology to internal alkynes fail.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel, Recyclable, and Thermally Stable Task‐Specific Ionic Liquid (TBA Acetate) Medium/Catalyst for the Synthesis of Indolylidinecyclic‐1,3‐ and ‐1,4‐diketones.
Authors: Riyaz Sd. , Indrasena A. , Naidu A. , Dubey P.
Published: June 2014

An efficient and environmentally benign protocol for the synthesis of thiazolylideneindoles (III), related cyclohexane (V) and barbituric acid derivatives (VII) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Pyrrolidinyl Spirooxindoles via a 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of (E)‐N‐Boc‐3‐Alkylidene‐indolin‐2(3H)ones with Azomethine Ylides.
Authors: Yu Zhang‐Biao , Liu Xiong‐Li , Pan Bo‐Wen , Chen Bin , Zhou Ying , Wang Hua‐Lin
Published: June 2014

Some of the new compounds (IV) exhibit moderate antibacterial activity against S.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrated Ferric Sulfate Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐[(Alkyl/Arylthio)(aryl)methyl]‐1H‐indole Derivatives Through One‐Pot Reaction.
Authors: Dar Ajaz A. , Ali Shahzad , Khan Abu T.
Published: June 2014

A one‐pot three‐component reaction of indoles, aromatic aldehydes, and a range of mercaptans in the presence of hydrated ferric sulfate as the catalyst gives 3‐substituted indoles (IV) and (VII) in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni(II)—Salt Catalyzed Activation of Primary Amine‐sp3Cα—H and Cyclization with 1,2‐Diketone to Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles.
Authors: Samanta Srikanta , Roy Dipanwita , Khamarui Saikat , Maiti Dilip K.
Published: June 2014

Benzylic and aliphatic amines can be applied in the reaction requiring different catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Triazole‐Substituted Nitroarene Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Studies.
Authors: Kommu Nagarjuna , Ghule Vikas D. , Kumar A. Sudheer , Sahoo Akhila K.
Published: June 2014

Triazole substituted nitroarenes are prepared through nitration of N‐aryltriazoles or via base mediated coupling of nitro‐containing aryl chlorides with triazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Styrylsulfonylmethyl 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles, Pyrazolyl/Isoxazolyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles.
Authors: Mallikarjuna Reddy Guda , Muralikrishna Akkarapalli , Padmavathi Venkatapuram , Padmaja Adivireddy , Krishna Tilak Thandaiah , Appa Rao Chippada
Published: June 2014

Compound (IIIb) is found to exhibit slightly higher antioxidant activity than the standard ascorbic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Strategy for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Chromeno[4,3‐b]pyrrolidine Derivatives.
Authors: Tian Li , Xu Guo‐Qiang , Li Yun‐Han , Liang Yong‐Min , Xu Peng‐Fei
Published: June 2014

The reaction proceeds with excellent yields and nearly complete enantioselectivities (<99% e.e.) and can be carried out on a multi‐gram scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Aryl‐ and 5‐Aroylcomanic Acids from 5‐Aroyl‐2‐carbethoxy‐4‐pyrones via a Deformylative Rearrangement and Ring‐Opening/Ring‐Closure Sequence.
Authors: Obydennov Dmitrii L. , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya.
Published: June 2014

6‐Arylcomanic acids (IV) are prepared via an acid‐catalyzed deformylative rearrangement of substrate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of 2‐Aroylvinylcinnamaldehydes with 2‐Aroylvinylchalcones: Rapid Assembly of Six Contiguous Stereogenic Centers with High Diastereoselectivity.
Authors: Fan Xing‐Wen , Cheng Ying
Published: June 2014

Among 32 possible diastereomers, derivative (II) is formed as the main product in exceptional good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles: A Magnetically Recoverable and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Coumarins via Pechmann Reaction in Water.
Authors: Baghbanian Seyed Meysam , Farhang Maryam
Published: June 2014

The catalyst can be reused up to six times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring O‐Stannyl Ketyl and Acyl Radical Cyclizations for the Synthesis of γ‐Lactone‐Fused Benzopyrans and Benzofurans.
Authors: Santoso Helen , Casana Myriam I. , Donner Christopher D.
Published: June 2014

O‐Stannyl ketyl or acyl radical cyclization of benzaldehyde precursors (I), (IV), and (VIII) followed by oxidation provides access to pyrano‐ and furanobenzoquinone systems (VII) and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anti‐Toxoplasmosis Activity of 4‐Arylquinoline‐2‐carboxylate Derivatives.
Authors: McNulty James , Vemula Ramesh , Bordon Claudia , Yolken Robert , Jones‐Brando Lorraine
Published: June 2014

The presented one step procedure allows access to 12 differently substituted 4‐arylquinoline‐2‐carboxylates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Active Thromboxane A2 and Leukotriene D4 Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Kawazoe Souichirou , Okamoto Yoshinori , Yokota Masaki , Kubota Hirokazu , Naito Ryo , Takeuchi Makoto , Ieda Shigeru , Okada Minoru , Oriyama Takeshi
Published: June 2014

Both the (+)‐ and (‐)‐enantiomers of title compound (I) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Analysis and Reactivity of Unusual Tetrahedral Intermediates Enabled by SmI2‐Mediated Reduction of Barbituric Acids: Vinylogous N‐Acyliminium Additions to α‐Hydroxy‐N‐acyl‐carbamides.
Authors: Szostak Michal , Sautier Brice , Procter David J.
Published: June 2014

The substrate (I) is prepared via chemoselective electron transfer using SmI2·H2O reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Benzotriazocines from Tetrachloro‐2‐aza‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: Vasylyshyn Roman Y. , Demydchuk Bogdan A. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Brovarets Vladimir S.
Published: June 2014

Hitherto unknown benzotriazocines (III) are synthesized on a preparative scale via regioselective cyclocondensation of easily accessible azadienes (I) with 2‐aminomethylaniline.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Water‐Soluble Vinyl Selenides and Their High Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx)‐Like Antioxidant Activity.
Authors: Braverman Samuel , Cherkinsky Marina , Kalendar Yulia , Jana Ranjan , Sprecher Milon , Goldberg Israel
Published: June 2014

Depending on the oxidation conditions, conveniently prepared novel bis(2‐halo‐3‐hydroxypropylene)selenides (I), (IV), and (VII) can be transformed into the corresponding Se‐mono‐ or dioxides (II) and (III) or seleno‐spiro compounds (V), (VIII), and (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Toward the Creation of Functionalized Metal Nanoclusters and Highly Active Photocatalytic Materials Using Thiolate‐Protected Magic Gold Clusters
Authors: Negishi Yuichi
Published: June 2014

Review: 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Cyclopentadienone Complexes: Discovery, Properties, and Catalytic Reactivity
Authors: Quintard Adrien , Rodriguez Jean
Published: June 2014

Review: [45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Late‐Stage Fluorination: From Fundamentals to Application
Authors: Campbell Michael G. , Ritter Tobias
Published: June 2014

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Traceless Chemical Ligation from S‐, O‐, and N‐Acyl Isopeptides
Authors: Panda Siva S. , Hall C. Dennis , Oliferenko Alexander A. , Katritzky Alan R.
Published: June 2014

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Peroxy Natural Products
Authors: Liu Dong‐Ze , Liu Ji‐Kai
Published: June 2014

Review: 407 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Valent Cobalt Catalysis: New Opportunities for C—H Functionalization
Authors: Gao Ke , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: June 2014

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions of Allenes in the Presence of Unsaturated Carbon—Carbon Bonds
Authors: Ye Juntao , Ma Shengming
Published: June 2014

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Emerging Trends in Homogeneous Hydrogenation Catalysis
Authors: Zanotti‐Gerosa Antonio , Nedden Hans G.
Published: June 2014

Review: 9 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Saturated N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Vo Cam‐Van T. , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: June 2014

Review: [51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Ketene—Alkene [2 + 2] Cycloadditions: The Significance of Lewis Acid Promoted Variants
Authors: Rasik Christopher M. , Brown M. Kevin
Published: June 2014

Review: [27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Benzofuranones
Authors: Li Yao , Li Xin , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: June 2014

Review: [71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: How Green is Biocatalysis? To Calculate is to Know
Authors: Ni Yan , Holtmann Dirk , Hollmann Frank
Published: June 2014

Review: [107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anticancer Activity of Pyrazole via Different Biological Mechanisms
Authors: Chauhan Simpal , Paliwal Sarvesh , Chauhan Rajani
Published: June 2014

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphazenes
Authors: Stewart Frederick F.
Published: June 2014

Review: advances in phosphazene materials for energy storage, optical applications, bimedical tissue replacement, and immunoadjuvants; 114 refs.
A BINOL Based Fluorescence Sensor for Distinction of D‐Glucose
Authors: Xu Bangyu , Hou Jiting , Li Kun , Lu Zhengwei , Yu Xiaoqi
Published: June 2014

A saccharide fluorescent receptor based on 1,1′‐binaphthol was developed. The boronic acids groups are directly attached to the 3,3′‐positions of BINOL which acted as probes to saccharides. The methyl protected receptor R1 showed better response to D‐fructose compared to other saccharides in the fluorescence quenching experiment. To improve the selectivity of D‐glucose, the triethylene glycol protected receptor R2 was developed. Receptor R2 has a better water‐solubility than R1 that can be applied in completely aqueous environment. With receptor R2, D‐glucose has a different response to other saccharides that can be useful for the distinction of D‐glucose.
Development of Cyclobutene‐ and Cyclobutane‐Functionalized Fatty Acids with Inhibitory Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Sittiwong Wantanee , Zinniel Denise K. , Fenton Robert J. , Marshall Darrell D. , Story Courtney B. , Kim Bohkyung , Lee Ji‐Young , Powers Robert , Barletta Raúl G. , Dussault Patrick H.
Published: June 2014

Eleven fatty acid analogues incorporating four‐membered carbocycles (cyclobutenes, cyclobutanes, cyclobutanones, and cyclobutanols) were investigated for the ability to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msm) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). A number of the analogues displayed inhibitory activity against both mycobacterial species in minimal media. Several of the molecules displayed potent levels of inhibition against Mtb, with MIC values equal to or below those observed with the anti‐tuberculosis drugs D‐cycloserine and isoniazid. In contrast, two of the analogues that display the greatest activity against Mtb failed to inhibit E. coli growth under either set of conditions. Thus, the active molecules identified herein may provide the basis for the development of anti‐mycobacterial agents against Mtb.
Poly‐benzylic Ammonium Chloride Resins as Solid Catalysts for Fructose Dehydration
Authors: Teong Siew Ping , Yi Guangshun , Cao Xueqin , Zhang Yugen
Published: June 2014

5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the most promising platform molecules, and can be converted into a variety of interesting chemicals. The production of HMF is essentially targeted at bulk chemicals downstream, such as chemicals for the fuels and plastics industries. One critical challenge in HMF production processes is the link to further value‐adding reactions in a simple and efficient way (e.g., fewer isolation and purification steps). Herein, a novel poly‐benzyl ammonium chloride (PBnNH3Cl) resin is developed as a highly efficient and stable catalyst for dehydration of carbohydrates into HMF. In the isopropanol system, PBnNH3Cl produces high purity HMF that is suitable as feedstock for oxidation to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The excellent catalytic properties together with its easy synthesis, low cost, and nontoxic nature make this poly‐ammonium resin a promising catalyst for the development of new and efficient processes for biomass‐based chemicals.
Doping control analysis of trimetazidine and characterization of major metabolites using mass spectrometric approaches
Authors: Sigmund Gerd , Koch Anja , Orlovius Anne‐Katrin , Guddat Sven , Thomas Andreas , Schänzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario
Published: June 2014

Since January 2014, the anti‐anginal drug trimetazidine [1‐(2,3,4‐trimethoxybenzyl)‐piperazine] has been classified as prohibited substance by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA), necessitating specific and robust detection methods in sports drug testing laboratories. In the present study, the implementation of the intact therapeutic agent into two different initial testing procedures based on gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is reported, along with the characterization of urinary metabolites by electrospray ionization‐high resolution/high accuracy (tandem) mass spectrometry. For GC‐MS analyses, urine samples were subjected to liquid‐liquid extraction sample preparation, while LC‐MS/MS analyses were conducted by established ‘dilute‐and‐inject’ approaches. Both screening methods were validated for trimetazidine concerning specificity, limits of detection (0.5–50 ng/mL), intra‐day and inter‐day imprecision (<20%), and recovery (41%) in case of the GC‐MS‐based method. In addition, major metabolites such as the desmethylated trimetazidine and the corresponding sulfoconjugate, oxo‐trimetazidine, and trimetazidine‐N‐oxide as identified in doping control samples were used to complement the LC‐MS/MS‐based assay, although intact trimetazidine was found at highest abundance of the relevant trimetazidine‐related analytes in all tested sports drug testing samples. Retrospective data mining regarding doping control analyses conducted between 1999 and 2013 at the Cologne Doping Control Laboratory concerning trimetazidine revealed a considerable prevalence of the drug particularly in endurance and strength sports accounting for up to 39 findings per year. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Childhood loss of control eating over five‐year follow‐up
Authors: Hilbert Anja , Brauhardt Anne
Published: June 2014

Objective

Emerging prospective evidence from mixed samples, mostly covering short‐term follow‐up periods, suggests that childhood loss of control (LOC) eating predicts significant impairment in mental and physical health. This study sought to investigate the natural course of childhood LOC eating over the long term and in relation to binge‐eating disorder (BED) diagnosis, psychopathology, and body weight trajectory in the community.

Method

A total of 60 children (8–13 years) with LOC eating within the past 3 months and 60 demographically matched children without LOC history were assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination adapted for Children and self‐report questionnaires over a 5.5 year follow‐up period. Missing data were imputed.

Results

Over follow‐up, 38.3% of children showed persistent LOC eating, and 28.3% revealed an onset of LOC eating. Persistent LOC eating significantly predicted onset of partial‐/full‐syndrome BED at follow‐up. Negative prognostic effects on eating disorder psychopathology, depressive symptoms, and body mass index were nonsignificant.

Discussion

The results indicate a moderate stability of LOC eating over the long term. LOC eating, especially if stable, was suggested as a variable risk factor of clinically relevant eating disturbances. In contrast, a prognostic value for psychopathology and body mass index was not confirmed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:758–761)
Early adversity, personal resources, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating
Authors: Vartanian Lenny R. , Smyth Joshua M. , Zawadzki Matthew J. , Heron Kristin E. , Coleman Sulamunn R.M.
Published: June 2014

Objective

Early adverse experiences have been associated with disordered eating, but the mechanisms underlying that association are not well understood. The purpose of this study is to test a structural equation model in which early adversity is associated with disordered eating via intrapersonal resources, interpersonal resources, and body dissatisfaction.

Method

Female university students (n = 748) completed a series of questionnaires online, including measures of early adverse experiences, intrapersonal resources (self‐esteem and personal growth initiative), interpersonal resources (gratitude and social support), body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating and exercising to lose weight.

Results

Structural equation modeling indicated that early adverse experiences were negatively associated with interpersonal and intrapersonal resources. Intrapersonal resources were negatively associated with body dissatisfaction, whereas interpersonal resources were positively associated with body dissatisfaction (although negative bivariate correlations in this latter case suggest possible suppression effects). Finally, body dissatisfaction was associated with a range of disordered eating behaviors and exercise.

Discussion

Early adverse experiences are important to consider in models of disordered eating. The results of this study highlight potential points of early prevention efforts, such as improving personal resources for those who experience early adversity, to help reduce the risk of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in young women. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:620–629)
A case of hyperemesis in bulimia nervosa
Authors: Pedrolli Carlo , Sacchi Manuela C. , Togni Michele , Cereda Emanuele
Published: June 2014

Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder defined by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors, primarily self‐induced vomiting. Most common complications are due to purge behaviors and are frequently responsible for hospitalization. These include electrolyte disturbances, dehydration, hypovolemia, stomatitis, esophageal diseases, and functional impairment of the colon. However, an obstruction‐like syndrome has never been reported. We report the case of a middle‐age woman suffering from bulimia nervosa and referring at the emergency department with a 7‐day story of hyperemesis responsible for an acute renal failure. During hospitalization, after the most important and common medical causes of hyperemesis were excluded, an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed. The endoscopist reported the presence of an impressive bezoar, which underwent to mechanical fragmentation and biopsy sampling, revealing it was made up exclusively of liquorice wheels. An endoscopy performed few days after showed the complete dissolution of the bezoar, and the patient was discharged without any further gastrointestinal complaint. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:446–448)
Effects of Solvent Additives on the Crystal Architecture of Supramolecular Conductors Based on Diiodo(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene and Indium Tetrahalide Anions
Authors: Imakubo Tatsuro , Kobayashi Mitsuaki
Published: June 2014

Six new organic conductors were prepared on the basis of the iodine‐bonded π donor diiodo(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene and indium tetrahalide anions. The utilization of solvent additives made it possible to modify the quality, structure, morphology, and composition of the crystals. Among the additives, the addition of a few drops of water for the electrochemical crystallization induced the in situ transformation of the tetrahedral [InCl4]– anion to the octahedral [InCl4(H2O)2]– anion. Other small solvent molecules, such as methanol or ethanol, worked as well for the crystallization. All new salts include strong and directional iodine‐based halogen bonds, that is, the iodine bond, and the novel supramolecular structures are successfully tailored by characteristic intermolecular interaction. It is also worth noting that the tetrahedral geometry of the counteranion plays a key role in the construction of the solid‐crossing double‐layer structure of the donor molecules, which is observed in the newly prepared InCl4 and [InCl4(H2O)2] salts.
Detailed Geometric and Electronic Structures of a One‐Electron‐Oxidized Ni Salophen Complex and Its Amido Derivatives
Authors: Lecarme Laureline , Chiang Linus , Philouze Christian , Jarjayes Olivier , Storr Tim , Thomas Fabrice
Published: June 2014

Square‐planar nickel(II) complexes of 1,2‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐di‐tert‐butylbenzimino)benzene ([1]), 1‐(2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐di‐tert‐butylbenzimino)‐2‐(2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐di‐tert‐butylbenzamido)benzene ([2]–) and 1,2‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐di‐tert‐butylbenzamido)benzene ([3]2–) were chemically oxidized by one‐electron to afford nickel–radical species with non‐negligible metal contribution to the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO). The X‐ray crystal structure of [1][SbF6]shows an almost symmetric metal coordination sphere and phenoxyl pattern within the ligand framework. The spin population at the nickel ion calculated by DFT (B3LYP) does not evolve monotonically within the series, and the values are 18.7, 19.5, and 42.7 % for [1]+, [2], and [3]–, respectively. Complexes [1]+, [2], and [3]– each exhibit a weak near‐IR (NIR) band at 3600, 4440, and 5900 cm–1, respectively, the origin of which differs. For [1]+, it corresponds to an intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) transition (β‐HOMO → β‐LUMO) typical for delocalized compounds (calcd. 3700 cm–1). For [2], which is a localized radical, it is assigned to an intraligand charge transfer (CT) transition (calcd. 5000 cm–1). Although the CT transition still involves orbitals mainly centered on the ligand, it acquires significant ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) character in the case of [3]– (calcd. 5700 cm–1).
Deep MicroRNA sequencing reveals downregulation of miR‐29a in neuroblastoma central nervous system metastasis
Authors: Cheung Irene Y. , Farazi Thalia A. , Ostrovnaya Irina , Xu Hong , Tran Hoa , Mihailovic Aleksandra , Tuschl Thomas , Cheung Nai‐Kong V.
Published: June 2014

Central nervous system (CNS) is an increasingly common site of isolated metastasis for patients with Stage 4 neuroblastoma. To explore the microRNA (miRNA) profile of this metastatic process, miRNA sequencing was performed to identify miRNA sequence families with differential expression between tumor pairs (pre‐CNS primary and CNS metastasis) from 13 patients with Stage 4 neuroblastoma. Seven miRNA sequence families had distinct expression in CNS metastases when compared with their corresponding pre‐CNS primaries. MiR‐7 was upregulated (3.75‐fold), and miR‐21, miR‐22, miR‐29a, miR‐143, miR‐199a‐1‐3p, and miR‐199a‐1‐5p were downregulated (3.5‐6.1‐fold), all confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR. MiR‐29a, previously shown to be downregulated in a broad spectrum of solid tumors including neuroblastoma, had the most significant decrease in all 13 CNS metastases (P = 0.001). Its known onco‐targets CDC6, CDK6, and DNMT3A, as well as B7‐H3, an inhibitory ligand for T cells, and natural killer cells, were found to have higher differential expression in these 13 CNS metastases when compared with their paired primaries. Additionally, miR‐29a expression in primary tumors was significantly lower among patients who eventually relapsed in the CNS. Irrespective of the amplification status of MYCN, which is known to be associated with metastasis, pre‐CNS primaries, and CNS metastases had significantly lower miR‐29a expression than non‐CNS primary tumors. Among MYCN amplified cell lines, those from CNS relapse also had lower miR‐29a expression than non‐CNS relapse. These findings raised the hypothesis that miR‐29a could be a biomarker for neuroblastoma CNS metastasis, and its downregulation may play a pivotal role in CNS progression. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decline in hepatitis E virus antibody prevalence in southeastern Germany, 1996–2011
Authors: Wenzel Jürgen J. , Sichler Mathias , Schemmerer Mathias , Behrens Gundula , Leitzmann Michael F. , Jilg Wolfgang
Published: June 2014

In the past decade, an increasing frequency of acute hepatitis E was noted in Germany and other European countries. Moreover, a high prevalence (17%) of hepatitis E virus (HEV) immunoglobulin G antibodies (anti-HEV) was recently found in the adult German population. Although this suggests an emerging pathogen, reports from other countries gave hints to a completely new aspect: a possible decrease in anti-HEV prevalence during the last decades. To investigate the time trends of hepatitis E in southeastern Germany, we performed anti-HEV testing in sera taken from adults in 1996 and 2011. Surplus serum specimens stored during routine operations of our diagnostic laboratory were used. The sample comprised two sets of 1,092 sera taken in 1996 and 2011, each with 182 specimens in six age groups from 20–79 years. Testing was performed using an HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay (EIA, Axiom Diagnostics), and the recomLine HEV IgG immunoblot (Mikrogen). A significant difference in anti-HEV prevalence was observed between the two groups: 50.7% of individuals tested positive in the 1996 group as compared to 34.3% in 2011 (EIA, P < 0.001). Results by immunoblot analysis were 20.5% (1996) versus 14.5% (2011), P < 0.001. Differences were found in all age groups and were more pronounced for the 20–39-year age group. Conclusion: The prevalence of anti-HEV has decreased significantly in the past decades in southeastern Germany. The phenomenon of HEV being an emerging pathogen is thus most probably due to an increasing awareness of the disease. (Hepatology 2014;60:1180–1186)
3D Cell Culture Systems: Advantages and Applications
Authors: Ravi Maddaly , Paramesh V. , Kaviya S.R. , Anuradha E. , Solomon F.D. Paul
Published: June 2014

Cell cultures are important material of study for the variety of advantages that they offer. Both established continuous cell lines and primary cell cultures continue to be invaluable for basic research and for direct applications. Technological advancements are necessary to address emerging complex challenges and the way cells are cultured in vitro is an area of intense activity. One important advancement in cell culture techniques has been the introduction of three dimensional culture systems. This area is one of the fastest growing experimental approaches in life sciences. Augmented with advancements in cell imaging and analytical systems, as well as the applications of new scaffolds and matrices, cells have been increasingly grown as three dimensional models. Such cultures have proven to be closer to in vivo natural systems, thus proving to be useful material for many applications. Here, we review the three dimensional way of culturing cells, their advantages, the scaffolds and matrices currently available, and the applications of such cultures in major areas of life sciences. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 16–26, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta‐analysis of a continuous outcome combining individual patient data and aggregate data: a method based on simulated individual patient data
Authors: Yamaguchi Yusuke , Sakamoto Wataru , Goto Masashi , Staessen Jan A. , Wang Jiguang , Gueyffier Francois , Riley Richard D.
Published: June 2014

When some trials provide individual patient data (IPD) and the others provide only aggregate data (AD), meta‐analysis methods for combining IPD and AD are required. We propose a method that reconstructs the missing IPD for AD trials by a Bayesian sampling procedure and then applies an IPD meta‐analysis model to the mixture of simulated IPD and collected IPD. The method is applicable when a treatment effect can be assumed fixed across trials. We focus on situations of a single continuous outcome and covariate and aim to estimate treatment–covariate interactions separated into within‐trial and across‐trial effect. An illustration with hypertension data which has similar mean covariates across trials indicates that the method substantially reduces mean square error of the pooled within‐trial interaction estimate in comparison with existing approaches. A simulation study supposing there exists one IPD trial and nine AD trials suggests that the method has suitable type I error rate and approximately zero bias as long as the available IPD contains at least 10% of total patients, where the average gain in mean square error is up to about 40%. However, the method is currently restricted by the fixed effect assumption, and extension to random effects to allow heterogeneity is required. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biotechnologie in Deutschland: Gesetze statt Sonntagsreden
Authors: Bengs Holger , Phan Mai Lan
Published: June 2014

Die Biotechbranche stagniert, der Kapitalmarkt für Hightech‐Biotechunternehmen trocknet aus — das Jahr 2013 war durchwachsen für die deutsche Branche. Dennoch werden biotechnische Verfahren beim Wandel zu einer biobasierten Wirtschaft zunehmend wichtiger.
Erweiterte Unsicherheit der Probennahme bestimmen
Authors: Winterstein Michael , Einax Jürgen W. , Prikler Simon , Garvens Hans‐Jürgen
Published: June 2014

Die Bestimmung von Probenvorbereitungs‐ und Analysenunsicherheiten gehört inzwischen zu den Standardverfahren in vielen Laboratorien. Allerdings bleibt die Unsicherheit der Probennahme oft außer Acht. Inhomogene Sekundärbrennstoffe, also aus Abfall gewonnene Brennstoffe, zeigen, wie sich mit der Varianzanalyse diese Unsicherheit bestimmen lässt und wie groß der Einfluss der Probennahme auf die Gesamtunsicherheit in den verschiedenen großtechnischen Beprobungsverfahren ist.
Von der Lötrohrpobierkunde zur Inertgastechnik
Authors: Böhme Uwe , Kraushaar Konstantin , Schwarzer Anke
Published: June 2014

Die Praktika zur anorganischen Chemie unterlagen bereits vor der Umstellung auf modulare Studiengänge einem steten Wandel. An der TU Bergakademie Freiberg haben sich die Praktikumszeiten allerdings so reduziert, dass Lernstoff entfallen muss. Zudem unterscheiden sich die Vorkenntnisse der Studierenden im Masterstudium erheblich.
Network application profiling with traffic causality graphs
Authors: Asai Hirochika , Fukuda Kensuke , Abry Patrice , Borgnat Pierre , Esaki Hiroshi
Published: June 2014

A network application profiling framework is proposed that is based on traffic causality graphs (TCGs), representing temporal and spatial causality of flows to identify application programs. The proposed framework consists of three modules: the feature vector space construction using discriminative patterns extracted from TCGs by a graph‐mining algorithm; a feature vector supervised learning procedure in the constructed vector space; and an application identification program using a similarity measure in the feature vector space. Accuracy of the proposed framework for application identification is evaluated, making use of ground truth packet traces from seven peer‐to‐peer (P2P) application programs. It is demonstrated that this framework achieves an overall 90.0% accuracy in application identification. Contributions are twofold: (1) using a graph‐mining algorithm, the proposed framework enables automatic extraction of discriminative patterns serving as identification features; 2) high accuracy in application identification is achieved, notably for P2P applications that are more difficult to identify because of their using random ports and potential communication encryption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indices of beta‐cell function: association with diabetes control in patients with type 2 diabetes on stable GLP‐1 agonist treatment
Authors: Behary Preeshila , Godsland Ian F , Baynes Kevin C
Published: June 2014

The aims of this study were to investigate the association between metabolic factors and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes on glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) agonists, and explore the physiological reasons for less good glucose control in some patients compared to others.

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 26 patients with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c ranging from 5.7–11% (39–97mmol/mol), on GLP‐1 agonists with oral hypoglycaemics for at least four months. A liquid meal tolerance test was performed and samples for plasma glucose, insulin and C‐peptide were taken at 0, 30 and 120 minutes. Glucagon was measured in the fasting state. Insulin secretion and resistance indices were correlated with HbA1c using Pearson correlation coefficient.

We found a significant correlation between HbA1c and indices of beta‐cell reserve (HOMA B: r  =  ‐0.53, p < 0.05; Insulinogenic 30 Index: r  =  ‐0.46, p < 0.05; Disposition Index 30: r  =  ‑0.53, p < 0.05; and 120 minute C‐peptide: r  =  ‐0.4, p < 0.05). We did not observe any significant correlation between glycaemic control and fasting glucagon nor with HOMA IR.

Indices of beta‐cell function, but neither insulin sensitivity nor fasting glucagon, are associated with diabetes control in long‐term GLP‐1 treated patients with type 2 diabetes. This has important implications for the management of individuals who fail to achieve target glycaemic control on GLP‐1 agonists.
Fatigue properties of vibration‐welded postindustrial waste nylon with glass fibers at room and elevated temperatures
Authors: Zhang Y. , Lockwood K.T. , Bates P.J. , DuQuesnay D.L.
Published: June 2014

The effect of temperature on the tensile and fatigue strength of vibration‐welded and unwelded postindustrial waste nylon 6 reinforced with 30 wt% glass fiber (PIWGF) was experimentally examined, and the results were compared to those obtained from a 30 wt% glass fiber reinforced prime nylon 6 compound (PAGF) from a previous study. Fatigue tests were performed under sinusoidal constant amplitude tension‐tension load at a stress ratio of R = 0.1 and within the frequency range of 2–10 Hz at temperatures from 24 to 120°C. Stress levels from just under the tensile strength down to the run‐out point at 5 million cycles were used. It was found that increasing temperature led to a significant decrease in both tensile strength and fatigue life. For PIWGF, there was ∼20% strength reduction under both static tensile and cyclic loading as compared to PAGF. For both welded and unwelded PIWGF, the endurance ratio; i.e., the ratio of fatigue strength to static tensile strength, was ∼45% regardless of the temperature. The fatigue notch factor (Kf) was between 1.4 and 1.8 for all test temperatures examined. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:799–806, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Frontiers in Neurodegeneration – New Insights and Prospects – 20th HUPO BPP Workshop
Authors: Schrötter Andreas , Magraoui Fouzi El , Gröttrup Bernd , Heinsen Helmut , Marcus Katrin , Meyer Helmut E. , Park Young Mok , Grinberg Lea T.
Published: June 2014

The HUPO Brain Proteome Project (HUPO BPP) held its 20th workshop in Yokohama, Japan, September 15, 2013. The focus of the autumn workshop was on new insights and prospects of neurodegenerative diseases.
Tailored side‐chain architecture of benzil voltage stabilizers for enhanced dielectric strength of cross‐linked polyethylene
Authors: Jarvid Markus , Johansson Anette , Bjuggren Jonas M. , Wutzel Harald , Englund Villgot , Gubanski Stanislaw , Müller Christian , Andersson Mats R.
Published: June 2014

The synthesis and physico‐chemical properties of seven benzil‐type voltage stabilizers are reported. The benzil core is substituted with alkyl chains of different length that are linked to the benzil core via an ester, ether, or tertiary amine group. All additives can be melt‐processed with low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy confirms that benzil compounds are not affected by the LDPE cross‐linking reaction induced by dicumyl peroxide. Moreover, a combination of gel content measurements, thermal analysis, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering indicates that the presence of benzil voltage stabilizers does not significantly alter the microstructure of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE). Electrical tree inhibition experiments under high‐voltage alternating current conditions show that all investigated additives substantially enhance the dielectric strength of the insulating material at a concentration of only 10 mmol kg−1. The highest improvement in dielectric strength, of more than 70% with respect to reference XLPE, is obtained with voltage stabilizers, which carry short (methyl) side chains that are linked to the benzil core via an ester or tertiary amine group. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1047–1054
Order‐order transitions of a triblock copolymer with a homopolymer (ABC/A) blend film induced by saturated solvent vapor annealing
Authors: Yu Xinhong , Luo Chunxia , Zhao Qiaoqiao , Yang Hua , Han Yanchun
Published: June 2014

The morphology transition of binary mixtures of polystyrene‐block‐poly(butadiene)‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine)(SBV) triblock and polystyrene (PS) homopolymer thin films was investigated as a function of the volume fraction of added homopolymer and the annealing time in benzene vapor. It was found that the weight ratio of PS in the blends influenced the transition process. When PS content was >5%, the order‐order transition (OOT) of core‐shell cylinders (C) →sphere in “diblock Gyroid” (sdG) → sphere in lamella (sL) → sphere (S) was observed, which was similar to ABC triblock copolymer except for the increased surface area of the PS phase. When PS content reached to 10–30%, the OOT in the sequence of C → sL → S was observed. The disappearance of the Gyroid phase is due to the change of the effective volume fraction. Further increasing the PS content, C phase also disappeared and sL → S was expected to take place. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2014, 52, 1030–1036
An improved islanding detection method based on correlation technique using reactive power variation
Authors: Yu Byung‐Gyu
Published: June 2014

This paper presents an improved islanding detection method based on a correlation technique using reactive power variation for a three‐phase grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) inverter system. Using a conventional reactive power variation (RPV) method for anti‐islanding, the reactive power component of PV inverter output varies periodically within a range of fixed magnitude for the inverter output frequency to go beyond the threshold of the over‐frequency relay or under‐frequency relay. While the conventional RPV method depends on the frequency relays, the proposed method uses a correlation factor between the commanded reactive power and the corresponding inverter frequency as an islanding detection indicator without relying on the frequency relays. The correlation factor of the proposed method is based on the fact that the commanded reactive power of a PV has a strong correlation with the frequency of the inverter voltage when islanding occurs. The proposed method has fast islanding detection capability and high power quality. In order to verify the proposed islanding detection method, the anti‐islanding experimental results of a 250‐kW three‐phase PV inverter by IEEE Std. 1547.1‐2005 are provided. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.