bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in a middle-income Latin American country
Authors: Caqueo-Urízar Alejandra , Flores Jerome , Escobar Carolang , Urzúa Alfonso , Irarrázaval Matías
Published: February 2020

Background Child and adolescent mental health has scarcely been studied in developing countries, though it is an important aspect of health. Mental health problems in youth often continue into adulthood if not diagnosed or treated in time. Methods The Sistema de Evaluación de Niños y Adolescentes (SENA) [Child and Adolescent Evaluation System] was used to evaluate mental health indicators in a sample of students in Northern Chile. Two age-appropriate versions of the assessment were applied to a total sample of 5,043 students, which included an elementary education sample of 1,953 schoolchildren from fourth grade through sixth grade (ages 8 to 13 years), and a Secondary School sample of 3,090 schoolchildren from seventh grade (the last year of elementary school) through the last year of Secondary school (senior high school) (ages 12 to 19 years). For each group, the version of the assessment used was determined by the students’ grade level. Both samples included municipal, government-subsidized, and private schools. Results In this student population, depression, anxiety, and behavioral disorders were the main mental health problems identified, and indicators revealed a progressive increase in cases over the years, coinciding with the global epidemiological scenario. Males showed a greater presence of externalizing behaviors related to mental health problems associated with aggression and defiant behavior. However, females showed the highest number of mental health issues overall, especially regarding problems related to internalization. There are significant differences between school types. Conclusions Our sample population analysis indicates that early intervention is necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of youth, with the goal of reducing the probability that psychiatric disorders will be prolonged, evolving, and worsening in adulthood.
Serum miR-101-3p combined with pepsinogen contributes to the early diagnosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Zeng Weiwei , Zhang Shuxiang , Yang Lei , Wei Wenchao , Gao Jie , Guo Ni , Wu Fengting
Published: February 2020

Background:This study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of serum miR-101-3p combined with pepsinogen (PG) on early diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC).Methods:A total of 61 atrophic gastritis (AG) and 86 GC patients, and 50 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The serum expression of miR-101-3p was measured by qRT-PCR. The serum content of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was measured by Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The serum contents of PGI and PGII were measured by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The diagnostic value of serum markers on AG and GC was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results:The expression of miR-101-3p, the content of PGI and the ratio of PGI/II were significantly decreased, and the content of PGII was significantly increased in AG patients compared with those in normal controls. The changes of the above serum indicators were more obvious in GC patients than those in AG patients. The content of CEA was significantly higher in GC patients than that in AG patients. In addition, the expression of miR-101-3p was negatively associated with the submucosal infiltration in GC patients. MiR-101-3p exhibited high diagnostic value on AG (AUC 0.8493, sensitivity 80.33%, specificity 80%) and GC (AUC 0.8749, sensitivity 72.09%, specificity 86.49%). MiR-101-3p + PGI + PGI/II (AUC 0.856, sensitivity 80.23%, specificity 77.05%) exhibited a high diagnostic value in distinguishing between AG and GC.Conclusions:MiR-101-3p was a potential diagnostic marker for AG and GC. MiR-101-3p + PGI + PGI/II was effective in distinguishing between AG and GC.
Information needs and information seeking behaviour of people with dementia and their non-professional caregivers: a scoping review
Authors: Soong Aijia , Au Shu Ting , Kyaw Bhone Myint , Theng Yin Leng , Car Lorainne Tudor
Published: February 2020

Background: People with dementia often require full-time caregivers especially in the later stages of their condition. People with dementia and caregivers’ access to reliable information on dementia is essential as it may have an important impact on patient care and quality of life. This study aims to provide an overview of the information needs and information seeking behaviour of people with dementia and their non-professional caregivers.
Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the literature and searched four electronic databases for eligible studies published up to August 2018. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. Information needs were classified according to emerging themes in the literature, and information seeking behaviour was categorized using Wilson’s model of information behaviour.
Results: Twenty studies with a total of 4,140 participants, were included in this review. Reported information needs focused on: (i) disease; (ii) patient care provision; (iii) healthcare services; and (iv) caregiver self-care. The most commonly reported information need was on healthcare service-related information. Characteristics found to influence information needs were the severity of dementia as well as patient and caregiver status. People with dementia and non-professional caregivers mainly displayed active searching, information seeking behaviour and preferred using electronic sources to obtain health information.
Conclusion: Current dementia information sources available in English are extensive in the information they offer, but more emphasis needs to be placed on healthcare service-related information. All studies originated from high income countries and focused on information needs of non-professional caregivers only. The only variables found to be associated to information needs were severity of dementia condition as well as patient/caregiver status. The information needs identified in this review can be used to inform development and design of future dementia resources for people with dementia and their non-professional caregivers.
Long-term effects of group exercise intervention on maximal step-up height in middle-aged female primary care patients with obesity and other cardio-metabolic risk factors
Authors: Nyberg Lillemor Amanda , Sundberg Carl Johan , Wändell Per , Kowalski Jan , Hellenius Mai-Lis
Published: February 2020

Background: Low physical performance is a predictor of morbidity and mortality. This study looks at long-term effects of an exercise intervention on maximal step-up height (MSH) in individuals with low physical function. Furthermore, we studied correlates to changes in MSH.
Methods: Female patients (n=101), mean(SD) age of 52(11) years, were recruited for a 3-month group exercise intervention including 2-3 sessions/week of mixed aerobic fitness and strength training. MSH, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂-max), self-reported health (SF-36) and physical activity (PA) were measured at baseline (T0), after 3 months (T1) and after 14-30(mean 22) months (T2). Relationships between changes in MSH (cm) and age, baseline MSH, time to follow-up, changes in anthropometric measurements, VO₂-max, SF-36 and PA were studied with regression analyses.
Results: MSH, significantly, increased from T0 to T1, 27.2(5.7) to 29.0(5.5) cm and decreased to 25.2(5.5) cm at T2. Time to follow-up (B=-0.42, p<0.001) and change in BMI (B=-0.29, p=0.012) correlated significantly to changes in MSH. Waist circumference, VO₂-max, PF and exercise/physical activity levels were significantly improved at T2, while BMI did not change. In a univariate logistic regression model, maintenance of MSH correlated to the extent of mixed training (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.25-8.89). In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for important factors the correlation was not significant. However, MSH was significantly higher in individuals participating in 2-3 session per week compared to one session.
Conclusions: A 3-month group exercise intervention increased MSH, improved fitness, decreased risk in female patients with elevated cardio-metabolic risk. After an average of 22 months MSH was reduced while positive effects remained for waist circumference, VO₂-max, physical function and physical activity. However, regular group exercise 2-3 times per week with mixed aerobic fitness and strength training was associated with maintenance of MSH in a subgroup of patients. We suggest that such an intervention including regular support from healthcare professionals is a successful approach for maintaining improved leg-muscle strength among primary care patients.
Cytokine Dysregulation Persists in Childhood Post Neonatal Encephalopathy
Authors: Zareen Zunera , Strickland Tammy , Eneaney Victoria Mc , Kelly Lynne A. , McDonald Denise , Sweetman Deirdre , Molloy Eleanor J.
Published: February 2020

Background: Cytokines are possible mediators of neuroinflammation and associated with adverse outcome in neonatal encephalopathy (NE) . Our aim was to explore cytokine response in children with Neonatal Encephalopathy (NE) at school age compared to age-matched controls.
Method: Follow up at school age, children who had NE and age-matched controls were assessed for their cytokine responses and neurodevelopment outcome. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum, [Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF β, Interferon (IFN)-γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), erythropoietin (EPO), IL-10 & IL-1RA] were measured at baseline and in response to in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS: endotoxin).
Results: GM­-CSF, TNF-β, IL-2 IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-18 were significantly elevated at school age following NE (n=40) compared to controls (n=37). A significant rise in GM-CSF, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, & IL-6 were seen in NE group following LPS stimulation. Relative LPS hypo-responsiveness was also noted in children with severe NE with IL-10, VEGF, EPO and TNF-β. Elevated TNF-β was associated with low gross motor scores on assessment at school age.

Conclusion: School-age children post-NE had significantly altered cytokine responses to endotoxin compared to controls. TNF-β was associated with adverse developmental outcomes. This suggests the inflammatory process may persist into childhood and a longer therapeutic window may be available for neuroprotection therapies.
Zerumbone ameliorates behavioral impairments and neuropathology in transgenic APP/PS1 mice by suppressing MAPK signaling
Authors: Li Lei , Wu Xiang-Hui , Zhao Xiao-Jing , Xu Lu , Pan Cai-Long , Zhang Zhi-Yuan
Published: February 2020

Background : Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major clinical problem, but there is a distinct lack of effective therapeutic drugs for this disease. We investigated the potential therapeutic effects of zerumbone, a subtropical ginger sesquiterpene, in transgenic APP/PS1 mice, rodent models of AD which exhibit cerebral amyloidosis and neuroinflammation. Methods : The N9 microglial cell line and primary microglial cells were cultured to investigate the effects of zerumbone on microglia. APP/PS1 mice were treated with zerumbone, and non-cognitive and cognitive behavioral impairments were assessed and compared between the treatment and control groups. The animals were then sacrificed, and tissues were collected for further analysis. The potential therapeutic mechanism of zerumbone and the signaling pathways involved were also investigated by RT-PCR, western blot, Nitric oxide detection, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis. Results : Zerumbone suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and induced a switch in microglial phenotype from the classic inflammatory phenotype to the alternative anti-inflammatory phenotype by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway in vitro . After a treatment period of 20 days, zerumbone significantly ameliorated deficits in both non-cognitive and cognitive behaviors in transgenic APP/PS1 mice. Zerumbone significantly reduced β-amyloid deposition and attenuated pro-inflammatory microglial activation in the cortex and hippocampus. Interestingly, zerumbone significantly increased the proportion of anti-inflammatory microglia among all activated microglia, potentially contributing to reduced β-amyloid deposition by enhancing phagocytosis. Meanwhile, zerumbone also reduced the expression of key molecules of the MAPK pathway, such as p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Conclusions : Overall, zerumbone effectively ameliorated behavioral impairments, attenuated neuroinflammation, and reduced β-amyloid deposition in transgenic APP/PS1 mice. Zerumbone exhibited substantial anti-inflammatory activity in microglial cells and induced a phenotypic switch in microglia from the pro-inflammatory phenotype to the anti-inflammatory phenotype by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway, which may play an important role in its neuroprotective effects. Our results suggest that zerumbone is a potential therapeutic agent for human neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, in particular AD.
Pseudonajide peptide derived from snake venom alters cell envelope integrity interfering on biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Schneider Rafael , Primon-Barros Muriel , Von Borowski Rafael Gomes , Chat Sophie , Gillet Reynald , Macedo Alexandre José
Published: February 2020

The increase of bacterial resistance phenotype cases is a global health problem. New strategies in scientific community must be explored in order to create new treatment alternatives. Animal venoms are a good source for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are excellent candidates for new antimicrobial drug development. Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptides (CRAMPs) from snake venoms have been studied as a model for the design of new antimicrobial pharmaceuticals at bacterial infections setting.
The Influence of Summertime Heat Waves on Emotional Health
Authors: Huang Huanchun , Deng Xin , Yang Hailin , Chen Tunong , bai lin , Liu Junjie
Published: February 2020

Background: With increases in global urbanization and global warming, there are corresponding increases in urban heat island effects. Heat wave disasters are occurring more frequently, posing direct and indirect mental health hazards to urban residents. The impact of high ambient temperatures on emotional health is a scientific problem that needs clarification.
Methods: Data collected through 386 valid emotions questionnaire and temperature data measured on heat wave days were analyzed using GIS, SPSS and MATLAB software to study the influence of heat waves on the negative emotions of middle-aged and older adults (over 40-years-old).
Results: The results indicate that the degree of influence of high temperatures on various negative emotions differs significantly, as some emotional responses tend to fluctuate while others steadily worsen. The progression of emotional responses is distressed > irritable > nervous > hostile. With increasing temperatures, phase-based changes in emotional states occur, with different emotional states corresponding to different temperature thresholds; the temperature thresholds for distress, nervousness, and hostility were shown to be 38°C/43°C, 40°C/44°C, 43°C, respectively.
Conclusions: Ambient temperatures exceeding 35°C have a significant negative impact on the emotional health of middle-aged and older adults. Irritability and nervousness monotonically increase, while distress and hostility tend to fluctuate. This study contributes to the prevention and management of the harmful effects of heat waves on emotions, providing basic information applicable to the design of layouts for urban green spaces to reduce the effects of urban heat islands.
The Effect of Oral Sildenafil Therapy on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension related to Uncorrected Secundum Atrial Septal Defect: A Quasi Experimental Study
Authors: Hidayati Fera , Gharini Putrika , Hartopo Anggoro Budi , Anggrahini Dyah Wulan , Dinarti Lucia Kris
Published: February 2020

Background: Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are often measured as an important patient-reported outcome (PRO) in clinical studies. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of atrial septal defect (ASD). This study aimed to compare the HRQoL of PAH related uncorrected secundum ASD at pre and post therapy with oral sildenafil therapy. Methods: We conducted quasi experimental study at Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta since April 2016 to August 2017. Adults with PAH related uncorrected secundum ASD, listed on Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension (COHARD-PH) registry, and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited as subject. Interview was done at pre and 12 weeks post oral sildenafil therapy 3 x 20 mg using the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using paired T-test to determine the differences of EQ5D utility and EQVAS score at pre and post therapy. Results: A total of 18 adult patients with PAH related to uncorrected secundum ASD were enrolled in this study (83.33% female; mean age 38.72 ± 10.81 years old). The most frequent reported problems pre therapy were pain/discomfort (83%) and anxiety/depression (78%). Paired T-test results showed the mean value of EQ5D utility score pre and post therapy were 0.558 and 0.664 post therapy (p:0.014; 95% CI 0.024-0.187). Meanwhile, the mean of EQ-VAS pre and post therapy were 65 and 71.67, respectively (p:0.005; 95% CI 2.32-11.02). Conclusion: The administration of oral sildenafil therapy 3 x 20 mg during 12 weeks in adult patients with PAH related uncorrected secundum ASD gives better HRQoL.
The relationship between depression risk perception and self-help behaviors in high risk Canadians: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Warner Emily , Nannarone Molly , Smail-Crevier Rachel , Manuel Douglas , Lashewicz Bonnie , Patten Scott , Schmitz Norbert , MacQueen Glenda , Wang JianLi
Published: February 2020

Background: Effective self-help may reduce the risk of depression, and risk perception of depression may play a role in initiating self-help. However, it is currently unknown how risk perception is associated with self-help behaviours. The objectives of this study are to (1) describe the self-help strategies used by high risk Canadians in relation to the accuracy levels of their perceived depression risk, relative to sex, and (2) identify demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors associated with self-help behaviors.Methods: Baseline data from a randomized controlled trial including 358 men and 356 women at high risk of developing depression were used. Accuracy of risk perception was determined by comparing the participant’s self-perceived and objective risk of developing depression, which was assessed using sex-specific multivariable risk predictive algorithms. The frequency of using 14 self-help strategies was assessed. One-way ANOVA testing was used to determine whether differences in risk perception accuracy groups existed within both male and female participants. Linear regression was used to investigate the clinical and demographic factors which were associated with self-help behaviours in males and females separately.Results: Compared to accurate risk estimators, male over-estimators were less likely to “leave the house daily,” and “participate in activities they enjoy.” Male under-estimators were also less likely to “participate in activities they enjoy.” Both ‘inaccurate’ perception groups in men were more likely to ‘create lists of strategies which have worked for feelings of depression in the past and use them’. There were no significant differences between self-help behaviors and the risk perception accuracy in women. Regression modeling showed negative relationships between self-rated health and self-help scores, irrespective of sex. In women, self-help score was positively associated with age, and educational attainment, and negatively associated with perceived risk. In men, a positive relationship with unemployment was also seen. Conclusions: Sex differences exist in the factors associated with self-help. The accuracy of risk perception, work status, and self-rated health is associated with self-help behaviors in high risk men. Factors which may be related to self-help in women include age, education, self-rated health status, and perceived risk. More research is needed to replicate the findings.
Intestinal Parasites And Associated Factors Among Food Handlers  In Mizan-Aman Town, Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Adraro Wasihun , Mamo Girma , Mamo Aklilu , Muluken Mesenbet , Sahile Samuel , Derkiyab Esrael , Toru Tigistu
Published: February 2020

Background: - Food borne diseases are a challenge for both developed and developing countries and are a leading cause of illnesses and deaths in developing countries. Regardless of concentrative hard work for several years, food borne diseases has remained a major global public health issue with substantial morbidity and mortality associated with the consumption of contaminated food staffs. Parasitic infection is among the major disease especially in developing countries and sub-Saharan countries including Ethiopia. Objective: -This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors among food handlers working in food and drink establishments at Mizan Aman town southwest Ethiopia. Method:- A community based cross sectional study design was employed. Four hundred eighteen study participants were randomly selected from a total of 209 foods and drinks establishment in Mizan Aman Town, Bench Maji Zone, and Southwest Ethiopia. Epidata version 3.1 used for data entry while SPSS version 21 used for analysis. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis carried out ; predictor variables at 95 % CI using p –value ≤0.05 were declared as statistically significant. Result: Among 399 participants, 203(50.9%) were female and 194(49.1%) were male. Almost half 194 (48.6 %) of the participants age was below 20 years . The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites among the study subjects was 26.1% ; from this Ascaris lumbricoides 7.3% and Teniasis species 5% were the predominant parasites identified from the stool of study participants. Conclusion: The study identified high prevalence of intestinal parasites among study participants who worked for less than one year duration , wear hand jewelry, not practice hand washing routinely, not wearing hair net, food preparation during sickness and use the same equipment for raw and cooked food serving. Training about safe food handling and other hygienic practices should be encouraged for better personal and community health status. On the other hand, all concerned should pay attention to safe guard consumers’ health. Key terms: - Intestinal parasites, Food handlers, Food and drink establishment
Psychometric properties of the Farsi translation of Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire(MAPP-QOL).
Authors: Tahereh Mokhtarian-Gilani , Kariman Nourossadat , Hamid Sharif Nia , Ozgoli Giti , Doulabi Mahbobeh Ahmadi , Malihe Nasiri
Published: February 2020

Background and Objective Many studies have been conducted in Iran on the postpartum quality of life, and the majority have used the general quality of life questionnaire. With a specific tool in this context, the dimensions of maternal postpartum quality of life can be more accurately determined. The present study was conducted to determine psychometric properties and validation of the Farsi version of Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life (MAPP-QOL). Materials and Methods The present methodological study was conducted in 2018. The original version of MAPP-QOL was translated into Farsi by backward method. Ina cross-sectional study, the Farsi version was completed by 407 eligible postpartum women with 1-3 weeks infant, aged 18 to 47 living the city of Tehran. Reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and retest. For construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used. Results The MAPP-QOL showed good content validity; content validity ratio (CVR) ranged from 0.6 to 1.00 and content validity index (CVI) ranged from 0.7 to 1.00. Using exploratory factor analysis, five factors were extracted, including Socioeconomic; Relational/Family-Friends; Psychological/Baby; and Health & Functioning ; relational/ spouse-partner. which together explained 78.84% of total variance. After modifications of CFA, all goodness of fit indices confirmed the model fit (χ2 = 1677.57; N = 200; df= 644, P < 0.001; PCFI = 0.831; PNFI = 0.786; CMIN/DF = 2.604; RMSEA = 0.051; IFI = 0.908, CFI = 0.907) . The Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, Composit reliability and maximum reliability H of the five extracted factors were excellent (0.9<). Also the AIC values of factors were good (between 0.721 to 0.859) . All of factors had an convergent and divergent validity. Conclusion Appropriate psychometric properties and factor construct of the questionnaire were confirmed. Hence, MAPP-QOL can be used as a suitable tool in Iranian postpartum women.
Mutant POLQ and POLZ/REV3L DNA polymerases may contribute to favorable survival of tumors with POLE mutations outside the exonuclease domain
Authors: Knudsen Beatrice , Huang Fangjin , Tanaka Hisashi , Rutgers Joanne
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Tumors with mutations in the exonuclease domain of POLE are associated with ultrahigh mutation rates. POLE mutant tumors are best characterized in intestinal and uterine cancers and are associated with a prominent immune infiltrate and favorable prognosis. To determine whether mutations in other DNA polymerases cooperate with POLE mutations to generate the ultramutator phenotype, we analyzed exome sequence data from 15 cancer types with POLE mutations in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).Results: 36% of POLE mutant tumors, predominantly colorectal, stomach and endometrial cancers carried mutations in POLQ (E/Q) and/or POLZ/REV3L (E/Z). Mutation burden, microsatellite instability (MSI) status, tumor stage, disease free survival and immune scores were evaluated in these tumors. Compared to the POLE-only mutant tumors, tumors with E/Q, E/Z, and E/Q/Z mutations possessed significantly higher overall mutation frequencies (p < 0.001) and increased frequencies of mutations within the POLE exonuclease domain (p = 0.013). E/Q, E/Z, and E/Q/Z mutant colorectal, stomach and endometrial tumors within the TCGA cohort demonstrated 100% disease-free survival, even if mutations occurred outside the POLE exonuclease domain (p = 0.003). However, immune scores were related to microsatellite instability (MSI) and not POLE mutation status, suggesting that mechanisms in addition to host immune response may contribute to the prolonged disease-free survival.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that POLE mutant tumors can be further substratified for outcomes prediction based on additional mutations in POLQ and ERV3L.
G6PD and HBB polymorphisms in Senegalese population: prevalence and correlations with clinical malaria
Authors: thiam Fatou , Diop Gora , Coulanges Cedric , Derbois Celine , Mbengue Babacar , Ndiaye Rokhaya , Thiam Alassane , Dieye Yakhya , Nguer Cheikh Momar , Cabannes Eric , Zagury Jean-François , Deleuze Jean-François , Dieye Alioune
Published: February 2020

Background Several genetic polymorphisms were reported to be prevalent among populations living in tropical endemic regions and induce protection against malaria. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of key malaria-protective polymorphisms in G6PD and HBB genes in a Senegalese population. Methods We performed a retrospective study in 323 samples from patients recruited in hospitals located in three different endemic areas where malaria episodes were confirmed. Patients enrolled were classified in two groups: severe (153 patients) and uncomplicated malaria (170 patients). PCR and DNA sequencing assessed host genetic polymorphisms in HBB and G6PD. Using a multivariate regression and additive model, estimates the impact of human HBB and G6PD polymorphisms on malaria incidence were performed. Results We identified 12 SNPs in HBB gene. Among them, 6 SNPs (rs7946748, rs7480526, rs10768683, rs35209591, HbS (rs334) and rs713040) were detected with high frequencies in global population. The MAF of the sickle cell HbS polymorphism was estimated to 0.026, 0.069 and 0.035; and HbC polymorphism was estimated to be 0, 0.009, 0.029, in SM, UM and CTR group respectively. The MAF of G6PD deficiency polymorphisms such as G6PD-202 G>A were 0.022, 0.032 and 0.018 in SM, UM and CTR, respectively. Analysis of selected HbS polymorphism showed significant association with protection against severe malaria with a significant p-value = 0.033 (OR 0.38, 95%CI: 0.16–0.91). Surprisingly, HbC polymorphism is not a protective variant in our population. Finally, we found that the selected SNPs were associated to biological parameters such as PNE, PNB and lymphocytes. Conclusion Our data report at the first time the prevalence of HBB and G6PD mutations in senegalese population. These deficiencies are very common in West Africa endemic regions such as Gambia, Mali and Burkina Faso. Our findings show the important role of genetic factors in malaria outcome and these genetic markers could be good tools for malaria diagnosis and prognosis. Keywords : severe malaria, HBB, G6PD, Polymorphisms, Senegal, severe malaria.
Comprehensive Medical Support In Complex Emergencies (CMSCE): Pilot course review
Authors: V John Michael Quinn , Reinwald Michael , Annan Percy , Aapore Thomas , Wilson James , Bourdeaux Margaret Ellis , Ulrichs Timo , Moore Alan , Oteng Sophia , Goebbels Stefan , Bricknell Martin CM , Haggenmiller Christian
Published: February 2020

Global threats to health and health security are growing. Fragile and failed states, armed groups, ungoverned spaces, outbreaks and potential unknown “Disease X” threats, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), hybrid and gray zone conflict all exacerbate complex medical emergencies. These growing threats increase preventable morbidity and mortality of the most vulnerable populations. In an effort to promote best practices and to standardize response and to mitigate preventable death and morbidity, The Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC), with support from multiple international partners and a volunteer facilitator faculty, administered the pilot course entitled, “ Comprehensive Medical Support in Complex Emergencies (CMSCE 19) .” This brief review paper provides a description of the process in designing and delivering an interdisciplinary course for providers and decision makers responding to complex emergencies. We conclude with best practices and next steps for course evolution.
Validation and psychometric evaluation of the Dutch Person-centred care of Older People with cognitive impairment in Acute Care (POPAC)
Authors: Keuning-Plantinga Annette , Finnema Evelyn , Krijnen Wim , Edvardsson David , Roodbol Petrie
Published: February 2020

Background People with dementia are regularly hospitalized. Person-centered care is the preferred model for caring for people with dementia. To improve the quality of care for people with dementia in an acute care setting, knowledge of the level of person-centeredness of the care is relevant. The POPAC is a tool to determine the level of Person-centred care. Translation enables international comparisons of data and outcomes of Person-centred care. This study aimed to translate and cross-nationally validate the Dutch Person-centred care of Older People with cognitive impairment in Acute Care scale and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods After translation, a total of 159 nurses recruited from six hospitals and via social media completed the POPAC. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the factor-structure, and a Cronbach’s alpha scale was utilized to establish the reliability of the scale. Results A confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fit by the Confirmatory Fit Index was a nearly acceptable model fit. The Root Mean Square Error of Approximation and the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual suggested an acceptable model fit. The findings of the authors confirm a three-dimensional structure suggested by previous research. The loadings of the items indicate that these are strong associations with each of the factors. Besides, the factor correlations also indicate that these are strongly associated. These findings indicate that the factors are strongly associated with a general POPAC factor. This study confirms that, statistically, Item 5 could be deleted to improve the reliability of the instrument. Instead of deleting this item, the authors suggest considering rephrasing it into a positive item. Conclusions The Dutch version of the POPAC is sufficiently valid and reliable and can be utilized for assessing person-centered care in acute care hospitals. The study enables nurses to interpret and compare levels of Person-centred care in wards and hospital levels between regions and countries. The results form an important basis for improving the quality of care and nurse-sensitive outcomes such as prevention of complications and length of hospital stay.
The efficacy of a novel zinc-containing desensitizer CAREDYNE Shield on dentin hypersensitivity: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Matsuura Takashi , Mae Megumi , Ohira Masayuki , Yamashita Yasunori , Nakazono Ayako , Sugimoto Kouji , Yanagiguchi Kajiro , Yamada Shizuka
Published: February 2020

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a condition characterized by short and sharp pain which will arise in response to tactile, chemical, thermal, evaporative or osmotic stimuli. The painful symptoms cause discomfort to the patients and decrease their quality of life. Recently, a novel zinc-containing desensitizer CAREDYNE Shield is developed. It is a new type of desensitizer which acts as a desensitizer by inducing chemical occlusion of dentinal tubules, and releases zinc ion for root caries prevention. However, the clinical effectiveness of CAREDYNE Shield on DH is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of CAREDYNE Shield on DH by comparing with that of another desensitizer Nanoseal commonly used in Japan.Methods/Design: This study protocol is a two-arm parallel pilot randomized controlled trial. Forty DH patients will be randomly allocated into 2 groups. Participants in the intervention group will be treated with CAREDYNE Shield; participants in the control group will be treated with Nanoseal. Primary outcome is the reduction of pain intensity in response to air stimuli measured with 5-points verbal response scale from baseline to 4 weeks after the intervention and Fisher's exact test will be used for analysis.Discussion: CAREDYNE Shield can be casually applied to subgingival areas and proximal surfaces because it reacts with only tooth substance. Moreover, zinc is reported to reduce the demineralization of enamel and dentin and inhibit biofilm formation, plaque growth and dentin collagen degradation. Therefore, CAREDYNE Shield may be expected to become a novel useful desensitizer which act not only as a desensitizer but also as a root caries inhibitor.
Defining the perceived self-care ability in stroke patients living at home in Middle East region : protocol for a systematic Literature review
Authors: Dalvandi Asghar , Jafari-golestan Nasrin , Hosseini Mohammadali , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud , Ebadi Abbas , Rahgozar Mahdi , Sidani Souraya , Keshtkar Abbas
Published: February 2020

BackgroundStroke has several adverse outcomes and is accompanied by physical, cognitive, perceptual, mental, emotional, and sensory disorders. These disorders influence patients’ perceived self-care ability. There is no single agreed-upon definition for the perceived self-care ability in stroke patients living at home, and such a definition may differ based on different cultures and settings, for example in the Middle East compared to advanced countries. The main objective of this systematic Literature review is to summarize the literature on the topic and propose a definition that might help stroke research in the future. MethodsThe databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PEDro, Web of Science, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Index Medicus, EMRO, Google Scholar, Magiran, SID, IranDoc, and stroke-related literature will be queried individually to retrieve relevant literature on perceived self-care ability in stroke patients using subject headings and appropriate MeSH terms. The inclusion and exclusion criteria will be developed and refined by the research team. Two independent reviewers will participate in each search stage, including abstract/title and full-text screening, study selection, data collection, and quality assessment steps. We will restrict our search to articles published in the English languages in biomedical journals between 1970 and 2018. The result will be presented in tabular form, and meta-synthesis will be performed.DiscussionThe results of this systematic literature review can present a more accurate definition of perceived self-care ability in stroke patients living at home in Middle East countries, for researchers who aim to conduct new studies on the subject.
Safety and Immunogenicity of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Patients with Juvenile Dermatomyositis: A Real-World Multicentre Study
Authors: Pinto Natalia Balera Ferreira , Grein Ingrid Herta Rotstein , Lobo Aline , Groot Noortje , Sztajnbok Flavio , Aikawa Nadia Emi , Marques Luciana Brandão Paim , Appenzeller Simone , Islabão Aline Garcia , de Oliveira Sheila Knupp Feitosa , Bica Blanca Elena Rios Gomes , Fraga Aline Coelho Moreira da , Robazzi Teresa Cristina Martins Vicente , Barbosa Cassia Maria Passarelli Lupoli , Pasmans Hella , Schepp Rutger , Klis Fiona van der , de Roock Sytze , Wulffraat Nico , Pileggi Gecilmara Salviato
Published: February 2020

Background: Concerns about the safety and efficacy of vaccinations in patients with pediatric rheumatic diseases, such as juvenile dermatomyositis, have led to contradictions and low vaccination coverage in this group, who are at a higher risk of infections, including by human papillomavirus (HPV). Although HPV vaccine should be recommended for all juvenile dermatomyositis patients, there is a lack of data to support the safety of this vaccine. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent HPV vaccination in juvenile dermatomyositis patients.Methods: Juvenile dermatomyositis patients aged from 9-20 years and healthy controls were enrolled to receive a 3-dose schedule of quadrivalent HPV vaccination from March/2014 until March/2016. Study visits were performed before the first dose, one month after the second and third doses and one year after the first dose. Participants completed a diary of possible adverse events following each dose, and disease activity was measured. At each visit, serum samples was collected for testing antibody concentrations. Participants recruitment was conducted in ten Brazilian centers. From 48 eligible patients, 42 completed the 3 doses schedule of the vaccine (5 patients had received doses previously). The McNemar test and the Kappa concordance coefficient were applied to compare the disease activity scores used for juvenile dermatomyositis patients between quadrivalent HPV vaccine doses and before the vaccination. The software used was SAS 9.4.Results: No severe adverse events were related to the vaccination. The disease activity scores were usually low, and remained stable, or even improved during the follow-up. After three vaccine doses the juvenile dermatomyositis group presented seropositivity of 100% for HPV16 and 97% for HPV18, similarly to the control group who presented 100% for both. One year after the first dose the seropositivity for the patients group was 94% for both HPV types.Conclusions: The HPV vaccination in juvenile dermatomyositis patients is safe and immunogenic. Since the seropositivity against HPV16 and HPV18 was very high after the 3-dose schedule, this regimen should be recommended for juvenile dermatomyositis patients.
Employers' perception of breastfeeding practice of employed mothers: a qualitative study
Authors: Wolde Firmaye Bogale , Ali Jemal Haidar , Mengistu Yalemwork Getnet
Published: February 2020

Background : The universal benefits of breastfeeding and human milk are demonstrated by different researches but despite the advantages only 37% of children are exclusively breastfed worldwide. Women employment is one way of ensuring women's empowerment but it is also one of the commonly mentioned factors contributing for the low prevalence of breastfeeding. Hence, there needs to be a conducive work environment that accommodates maternal needs not to fall back from empowerment and to improve breastfeeding practice. There are not many studies that focus on work environment in relation with employers’ experience and their perception of breastfeeding of employed mothers. Therefore this study aims to explore employers’ experience and perception of employed mothers’ breastfeeding experience in different working environments in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods : A descriptive Phenomenology strategy was employed in this study and purposive sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. Data was collected from 10 employers from private, governmental and non-governmental institutions through an in-depth interview. Thematic data analysis was performed where collected data was organized, coded and categorized into themes to give meaningful contributions to answering the research questions.
Results : Understanding breastfeeding, current maternity leave, perception of breastfeeding supporting conditions and mother-friendly work environment were the themes generated after analysis. Almost all employers in this study recognized the importance of breastfeeding despite the different work environments they worked in and they also acknowledged the importance of making working environment mother-friendly for stability and motivation of employed mothers.
Conclusions : Providing mothers with a friendly environment is understood as a positive thing by employers. The current maternity leave of three months has low acceptance and both onsite child care center and six-month maternity leave are believed to help in creating a mother-friendly work environment despite their pros and cons.
Key words : Employer, Breastfeeding, Work environment, Mother-friendly, Employed mothers
Using the Risk Perception Attitude Framework to understand Nasopharyngeal Cancer risk reducing behaviors
Authors: Ting Su-Hie , BRAHMANA Rayenda Khresna , Jerome Collin , Podin Yuwana
Published: February 2020

Background: To reduce deaths due to nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), it is important to understand factors that predict NPC risk reducing behaviors. This study employed the Risk Perception Attitude (RPA) framework to predict NPC risk reducing behaviors among a group of Malaysians. Methods: A sample of Malaysians (n=215) completed a questionnaire about perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, response efficacy and intention to enact self-protective actions to reduce NPC risk. Results: A majority of the participants had responsive (high risk, high efficacy) and proactive attitudes (low risk, high efficacy). Hierarchical regression of mediation effect under structural equation model (SEM) approach was used to test the theory. Response efficacy and self-efficacy were negatively associated with perceived risk (p<0.01). Intention was negatively associated with perceived risk and positively associated with response efficacy and self-efficacy (p<0.01). The testing of the indirect effect from perceived risk effect yielded different conclusions for each efficacy measure. For the relationship between perceived risk and intention, there was no mediation effect of response efficacy but the mediation effect of self-efficacy was significant (p<0.1). Heightened perceived risk weakens efficacy beliefs and intention to enact self-protective behavior, suggesting that low risk messages may work better to avert fatalistic thinking for this group. Perceived risk and response efficacy explained 26.5% of the variance in self-efficacy, suggesting the importance of framing NPC risk messages to heighten the audience’s confidence to enact self-protective health behaviors.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of inbred lines and contrasting hybrids reveals overdominance mediate early biomass vigor in hybrid cotton
Authors: Shahzad Kashif , Zhang Xuexian , Guo Liping , Qi Tingxiang , Tang Huini , Zhang Meng , Zhang Bingbing , Wang Hailin , Qiao Xiuqin , Feng Juanjuan , Wu Jianyong , Xing Chaozhu
Published: February 2020

Background: Heterosis breeding is the most useful method for yield increase around the globe. Heterosis is an intriguing process to develop superior offspring to either parent in the desired character. The biomass vigor produced during seedling emergence stage has a direct influence on yield heterosis in plants. Unfortunately, the genetic basis of early biomass vigor in cotton is poorly understood. Results: Three stable performing F1 hybrids varying in yield heterosis named as high, medium and low hybrids with their inbred parents were used in this study. Phenotypically, these hybrids established noticeable biomass heterosis during the early stage of seedling growth in the field. Transcriptome analysis of root and leaf revealed that hybrids showed many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relative to their parents, while the comparison of inbred parents showed limited number of DEGs indicating similarity in their genetic constitution. Further analysis indicated expression patterns of most DEGs were overdominant in both tissues of hybrids. According to GO results, functions of overdominance genes in leaf were enriched for chloroplast, membrane, and protein binding, whereas functions of overdominance genes in root were enriched for plasma membrane, extracellular region, and responses to stress. We found several genes of circadian rhythm pathway related to LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) showed downregulated overdominant expressions in both tissues of hybrids. In addition to circadian rhythm, several leaf genes related to Aux/IAA regulation, and many root genes involved in peroxidase activity also showed overdominant expressions in hybrids. Twelve genes involved in circadian rhythm plant were selected to perform qRT-PCR analysis to confirm the accuracy of RNA-seq results. Conclusions: Through genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis, we strongly predict that overdominance at gene expression level plays a pivotal role in early biomass vigor of hybrids. The combinational contribution of circadian rhythm and other metabolic process may control vigorous growth in hybrids. Our result provides an important foundation for dissecting molecular mechanisms of biomass vigor in hybrid cotton.