bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant-specific cochaperone SSR1 affects root elongation by modulating the mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly machinery
Authors: Feng Xuanjun , Hu Yue , Xie Tao , Han Huiling , Bonea Diana , Zeng Lijuan , Liu Jie , Ying Wenhan , Mu Bona , Cai Yuanyuan , Zhang Min , Lu Yanli , Zhao Rongmin , Hua Xuejun
Published: February 2025

To elucidate the molecular function of SHORT AND SWOLLEN ROOT1 (SSR1), we screened for suppressors of the ssr1-2 (sus) was performed and identified over a dozen candidates with varying degrees of root growth restoration. Among these, the two most effective suppressors, sus1 and sus2, resulted from G87D and T55M single amino acid substitutions in HSCA2 (At5g09590) and ISU1 (At4g22220), both crucial components of the mitochondrial iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly machinery. SSR1 displayed a robust cochaperone-like activity and interacted with HSCA2 and ISU1, facilitating the binding of HSCA2 to ISU1. In comparison to the wild-type plants, ssr1-2 mutants displayed increased iron accumulation in root tips and altered expression of genes responsive to iron deficiency. Additionally, the enzymatic activities of several iron-sulfur proteins and the mitochondrial membrane potential were reduced in ssr1-2 mutants. Interestingly, SSR1 appears to be exclusive to plant lineages and is induced by environmental stresses. Although HSCA2G87D and ISU1T55M can effectively compensate for the phenotypes associated with SSR1 deficiency under favorable conditions, their compensatory effects are significantly diminished under stress. Collectively, SSR1 represents a new and significant component of the mitochondrial Fe-S cluster assembly (ISC) machinery. It may also confer adaptive advantages on plant ISC machinery in response to environmental stress.
Perceptions of a Buruli ulcer controlled human infection model: How, who, and why?
Authors: Muhi Stephen , Schmidt Simone , Marshall Julia L. , O’Brien Daniel P. , Johnson Paul D. R. , McCarthy James S. , Jamrozik Euzebiusz , Osowicki Joshua , Stinear Timothy P.
Published: February 2025

Background

Infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans causes slowly progressive skin lesions known as Buruli ulcer (BU). An M. ulcerans controlled human infection model (MuCHIM) is likely to accelerate our understanding of this otherwise neglected disease, and may be an efficient platform for testing vaccines and other interventions. The aim of this study was to understand perceptions of this model across a range of key stakeholders in an endemic Australian community setting.

Methods

We recruited young adults who live near an Australian BU endemic area but without a personal history of BU, clinicians involved in the management of BU, young adults with a personal history of a small, treated BU, and participants of any age with a demonstrated interest in public advocacy related to their personal BU lived experience. Participants reviewed an abridged version of the provisional protocol. A series of three focus groups were then conducted by video, and the transcribed text was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to generate themes for exploration.

Results

Participants universally valued the outcomes that MuCHIM might deliver. The predominant theme was that informed consent required fully transparent communication with potential participants regarding what their participation would involve, how it would impact their lives, and both the expected outcome and ‘worst-case scenario’. They also offered actionable recommendations on how best to communicate the tension between the expected outcome and the ‘worst-case scenario’ of disease associated with delayed diagnosis and comorbidity, as typically portrayed by the media. Participants recommended including images and testimonials from people who have had BU to support the conditions for informed consent. Focus groups also gave a clear sense of who they believed would volunteer for this type of research.

Conclusions

This study offers valuable guidance regarding the content and presentation of information to inform potential participants, with focus group participants suggesting a multimodal approach of communication, including lived experience testimonials and clinical images of the expected outcome. This information will inform development of materials for enrolment to adequately communicate risks and expectations to potential study participants.
Diagnosis of carbon monoxide exposure in clinical research and practice: A scoping review
Authors: Moss Phil , Matthews Natasha , McDonald Rosalie , Jarman Heather
Published: February 2025

Objective

To undertake a scoping review to identify methods and diagnostic levels used in determining unintentional, non-fire related carbon monoxide exposure.

Design

Online databases and grey literature were searched from 1946 to 2023 identifying 80 papers where carbon monoxide levels were reported.

Results

80 papers were included; 71 research studies and 9 clinical guidelines. Four methods were described: blood carboxyhaemoglobin (arterial or venous blood analysis), carbon monoxide oximetry (SpO2), expired carbon monoxide, and ambient carbon monoxide sampling. Blood analysis methods predominated (60.0% of the papers). Multiple methods of measurement were used in 26 (32.5%) of the papers. Diagnostic levels for carboxyhaemoglobin were described in 54 (67.5%) papers, ranging between 2% and 15%. 26 (32.5%) papers reported diagnostic levels that were adjusted for the smoking status of the patient.

Conclusions

Four methods were found for use in different settings. Variability in diagnostic thresholds impairs diagnostic accuracy. Agreement on standardised diagnostic levels is required to enable consistent diagnosis of unintentional, non-fire related carbon monoxide exposure.
Neuroimaging findings and balance problems after mild traumatic brain injury: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Boscarello Todd , Boparai Robby , Samson Nathan , Rodriguez Alan , Knoblauch Thomas , Vanier Cheryl , Snyder Travis
Published: February 2025

Objective

To systematically review studies relating neuroimaging findings to balance problems resulting from a history of mTBI.

Introduction

Mild traumatic brain injury affects 55.9 million people worldwide every year. These injuries can have persistent symptoms such as maintaining balance which can be life-altering. Difficulties maintaining balance persist months or years after a mild traumatic brain injury in >30% of patients. Neuroimaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, and magnetoencephalography, have been associated with presentation or persistence of balance difficulties, but no clinical guidelines are currently in place.

Inclusion criteria

Studies will include participants of any age or sex who were diagnosed as having mild traumatic brain injury by a medical professional, excluding studies which by design included patients with other conditions diagnosed using neuroimaging findings. There must be at least one post-injury scan from at one or more of the included neuroimaging modalities, and assessment of balance problems. A comparator must be present in the form of either a control group or longitudinal design.

Methods

A search will be conducted in Elsevier (Embase), MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, SportDiscus (EBSCOhost) and ProQuest for studies meeting the inclusion criteria, published 2013-2024, and available in English. Reviews will not be included. The process of study selection, critical assessment, data extraction, and summarizing findings will be conducted by two independent reviewers, with disagreements resolved by a third. The meta-analysis will summarize the strength of association between specific findings related to brain regions using various neuroimaging modalities and the presentation or persistence of balance difficulties. Evidence related to each neuroimaging modality will summarized using the GRADE approach.

Trial registration

Systematic review registration number: CRD42024476988.
Surface defect detection on industrial drum rollers: Using enhanced YOLOv8n and structured light for accurate inspection
Authors: Qin Guofeng , Zou Qinkai , Li Mengyan , Deng Yi , Mi Peiwen , Zhu Yongjian , Liu Hao
Published: February 2025

Drum roller surface defect detection is of great research significance for control production quality. Aiming at solving the problems that the traditional light source visual imaging system, which does not clearly reflect defect features, the defect detection efficiency is low, and the accuracy is not enough, this paper designs an image acquisition system based on line fringe structured light and proposes an improved deep learning network model based on YOLOv8n to achieve efficient detection of defects on the rolling surface of a drum roller. In the aspect of image acquisition, this paper selected the line fringe structured light as the system light source, which made up for the problem that the traditional light source does not reflect the defect characteristics. In terms of algorithms, firstly, using deformable convolution instead of standard convolution to enhance the feature extraction ability of the backbone network. Then, a new feature fusion module was proposed to enable the fusion network to learn additional original information. Finally, Wise-IoU was applied to replace CIoU in the loss function, so that the network pays more attention to the high-quality samples. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8n algorithm has a certain improvement in detection accuracy. The main average accuracy (mAP) is 97.2%, and the detection time is 4.3ms. The system and algorithm designed in this paper can better ensure the production quality of drum rollers. While effective, the model’s standard rectangular bounding boxes may limit precision for elongated defects. Future work could explore rotated bounding boxes and broader dataset diversity to enhance generalization in real-world applications.
Impact of trainability on telomere dynamics of pet dogs (Canis lupus familiaris): An explorative study in aging dogs
Authors: Weixlbraun Julia , Chapagain Durga , Cornils Jessica Svea , Smith Steve , Schwarzenberger Franz , Hoelzl Franz
Published: February 2025

This research studied the impact of various factors (including social and physiological parameters) on telomere dynamics in pet dogs. Telomeres, essential for maintaining genomic integrity, undergo shortening with each cell division, leading to cellular senescence. Previous studies in humans have linked cognitive and social factors with telomere dynamics but in animals, such associations remain understudied. This study is based on a previous study, where behavioral and cognitive changes in aging pet dogs were investigated. Together with standard variables (sex, age, body weight, diet), behavioral predictors that were assessed in the “Modified Vienna Canine Cognitive Battery” were used. This study aimed to investigate the influence of these factors on telomere dynamics in aging pet dogs. The relative telomere length of 63 dogs was measured, using a qPCR method and a model selection approach was applied to assess which variables can explain the found telomere patterns. Results revealed a strong association of the behavioral factor called trainability and telomere change. Trainability was the best predictor for telomere change over time and was the only predictor having a relative variable importance (RVI) above 0.7. This finding suggests that higher trainability positively affects telomere dynamics in aging dogs and factors like age, sex, diet, and other cognitive parameters are less important. The study sheds light on the potential role of cognitive factors in canine aging and offers insights into improving the quality of life for aging dogs, but further research is needed to comprehensively understand the interplay between behavior, cognition, and telomere dynamics in dogs.
Accurate identification of oxygen desaturation status in COPD by using classifier ensemble
Authors: Wu Yue-Fang , Shu Xin , Wang Shiqi , Xu Xiaojun , Sun Pei-Li
Published: February 2025

The accurate identification of oxygen desaturation (OD) status plays critical role in the clinic diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is a common disease related to the lungs and respiratory tract of the human body. This paper focuses on a specific type of OD status, i.e., exercise-induced oxygen desaturation (EIOD) status in COPD, and try to further improve the performance of EIOD status identification. We propose a new and effective EIOD status identification method by using classifier ensemble strategy. In the proposed method, five different features of each data point from the time series of SpO2 and pulse are extracted and then combined to form the discriminative feature of the corresponding data point; then, multiple base classifiers with different balanced training subsets are trained and then integrated by using AdaBoost Algorithm. The comparative computational results on the 6-min walk test (6MWT) of the recruited participants show that the proposed method achieved the best global performance with AUC (Area Under Curve) value of 0.8532, indicating that the proposed method can be effectively used for the identification of EIOD and could assist the clinic diagnosis of COPD.
Antibiotics change the population growth rate heterogeneity and morphology of bacteria
Authors: Kals Morten , Kals Emma , Kotar Jurij , Donald Allen , Mancini Leonardo , Cicuta Pietro
Published: February 2025

A better understanding of the system-level effects of antibiotics on bacterial cells is essential to address the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance. Utilising Multipad Agarose Plate (MAP) platforms, we monitor the growth rate and cell morphology of three clinically relevant species (E.coli, S.aureus and P.aeruginosa) following exposure to 14 antibiotics across 11 concentrations (31 microbe-antibiotic combinations in total). Our results reveal a consistent increase in population growth rate heterogeneity (PGRH) as drug concentrations approach the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Strikingly, the magnitude of this heterogeneity correlates with the functional distance between the ribosome and the specific cellular processes targeted by the antibiotics. Among the seven antibiotic classes studied, protein synthesis inhibitors and disruptors cause the lowest PGRH, while heterogeneity progressively increases with RNA synthesis inhibitors, DNA replication inhibitors, cell membrane disruptors and cell wall synthesis inhibitors. Because the ribosome is central to growth rate control, we hypothesize that heterogeneity might arise at the system level as a result of the propagation of damage to protein synthesis. Low heterogeneity is desirable from a clinical perspective, as high heterogeneity is often associated with persistence and treatment survival. Additionally, we observed a strong correlation between morphological alterations and growth inhibition across all antibiotics and species tested. This led to the development of a novel morphological parameter, MOR50, which enables rapid estimation of MIC for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) with a single snapshot after just 2.5 hours of incubation. In addition to introducing a novel, resource-efficient and rapid AST method, our findings shed new light on the system-level effects of antibiotic perturbations on bacteria, which might inform treatment design.
CHA2DS2-VASc Score Is Associated With Prognosis in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Without Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Song Mingjuan , Chen Xu
Published: February 2025

Background:

Although the prognostic value of the CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, and female sex) scoring system in patients with stroke has been explored in several studies, a research gap exists in its application, especially in patients without atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods:

This study investigated the association between CHA2DS2-VASc score and prognosis at 1 year in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who do not have AF. A total of 993 patients with AIS but without AF were recruited between January 2019 and December 2022. Patients were categorized into high-risk (CHA2DS2-VASc score, >2; n = 424), moderate-risk (CHA2DS2-VASc score, 2; n = 218), and low-risk (CHA2DS2-VASc score, 0-1; n = 351) groups. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 1 year after index AIS. Multivariate Cox regression analyses evaluated the prognostic value of CHA2DS2-VASc scores after controlling for potential confounding factors. A sensitivity analysis was performed based on 3 CHA2DS2-VASc groups generated using propensity score matching.

Results:

The rate of MACE during 12-month follow-up was statistically significantly higher (P < .01) in patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score greater than 2 (34.7%) than in patients with a score of 2 (23.9%) or of 0 or 1 (14.8%). Multivariate Cox regression models indicated that, compared with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 or 1, the hazard ratio (HR) of MACE occurrence was 3.22 (95% CI, 1.93-5.37; P < .01) for a CHA2DS2-VASc score greater than 2 and 1.92 (95% CI, 1.24-2.98; P < .01) for a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 2. When included in the Cox regression model as a continuous variable, the CHA2DS2-VASc score remained strongly associated with higher risks of MACE (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.11-1.26]; P < .01), all-cause mortality (HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.05-1.23]; P < .01), and recurrent stroke (HR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.06-1.256]; P < .01). Sensitivity analyses based on populations generated by propensity score matching yielded similar results.

Conclusion:

The CHA2DS2-VASc score effectively predicts MACE in patients with AIS but without AF, providing more accurate risk stratification.
Analisis Yuridis Tentang Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Jalanan Di Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Anjarwati Neneng , Lesmana Sri Jaya , Lestari Tiara Ayu
Published: February 2025

Perlindungan hukum terhadap anak merupakan segala bentuk tindakan dalam penciptaan situasi yang memungkinkan bagi anak untuk dapat memperoleh hak dan melaksanakan tanggung jawab bagi perkembangan dan pertumbuhan fisik, mental, dan sosial anak secara wajar. Secara hakikat, masing-masing anak memiliki hak yang sama, termasuk anak jalanan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran pemerintah terkait perlindungan hukum terhadap anak jalanan di Kabupaten Tangerang. Metode yang digunakan peneliti adalah penelitian hukum empiris yang mengkaji melalui penelitian lapangan. Observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dilakukan untuk pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Dinas Sosial sebagai lembaga teknis pelaksana perlindungan hukum belum  melakukan penanganan anak jalanan sesuai dengan UU Perlindungan Anak dan belum mampu menyelesaikan hambatan dalam menangani anak jalanan di Kabupaten Tangerang.
Problematika Normatif dalam Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 31 Tahun 2023 Terkait Larangan Social-Commerce pada Tiktok Shop
Authors: Rena Rena , Humairoh Iftitah Dian , Rosmiawati Mia
Published: February 2025

Perkembangan teknologi digital yang semakin pesat, mendorong kemajuan yang signifikan bagi bidang perekonomian karena pelaku usaha terutama UMKM mulai berpartisipasi dalam lingkup e-commerce. Terdapat satu aplikasi jejaring sosial yang bernama TikTok dengan mengusung program TikTok Shop bagi penggunanya untuk menghasilkan uang. Namun saat ini terdapat larangan penggunaan TikTok Shop di Indonesia pada Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 31 Tahun 2023 yang dinilai tidak memperhatikan asas kedayagunaan dan kehasilgunaan yang mana menimbulkan kerugian bagi pelaku usaha serta afiliasi yang tergabung pada TikTok Shop. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah yuridis normatif yakni penelitian yang didasari bahan kepustakaan sekunder dengan bahan hukum primer. Dengan hasil penelitian bahwa pemerintah diharapkan mengemas kembali peraturan Menteri perdagangan secara matang sesuai dengan hasil dari tujuan pembuatan peraturan dan dampak yang dirasakan atas pemberlakuannya.
Immune Characterization of the Lewis Rats Inoculated with K2 Sarcoma Cell Line and Newly Derived R5-28 Malignant Cells
Authors: Morávková Alena , Málek O. , Pokorná E. , Strnádel J. , Hradecký J. , Horák V.
Published: February 2025

Sarcoma is a relatively rare malignant disease with high mortality, bad prognosis and response to conventional therapy. Two possible models of this disease were tested: the K2 rat sarcoma cell line, which was described previously, and the new rat R5-28 cell line derived from a spontaneously growing rat neoplasm with sarcoma morphology. While all rats inoculated with K2 cells developed tumours at 22th-25th day after inoculation (D = 22-25), only 60%-75% of R5-28inoculated rats were affected by tumours. The frequency and progress of the disease depended on the number of inoculated cells. No metastases were detected in both cases. All affected animals showed large splenomegaly. A possible response of some immune system components to tumours was tested. No tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes were revealed in the tumour tissue. Anti-tumour antibodies were not found in tumour-bearing animal sera. Appropriate changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were explored. While the relative numbers of both NK cells and Tc were impaired, no changes were noted in numbers of CD4+CD8- T helper cells. Leukocytosis with highly increased numbers of CD11b+ myeloid cells displaying variable expression of CD4 was detected in terminal stages of the disease.
The Use of Comparative Duplex PCR in Monitoring of Patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Slavíčková Alena , Forsterová K. , Ivánek R. , Černý J. , Klener P.
Published: February 2025

Various quantitative PCR approaches have been utilized during the last years to provide information about the treatment efficacy and the risk of recurrent disease in haematological malignancies. Apart from the frequently used real-time PCR, cost-saving modified standard PCR methods may be applied as well. This report evaluates the utility of the end-point comparative duplex PCR. We have used this method for monitoring of 35 patients with either NHL or CLL and observed a good correlation between quantitative molecular results and clinical outcome. There was also an agreement between comparative duplex PCR and real-time PCR in patients who were monitored by both methods. We therefore believe that use of this technique should be strongly considered instead of simple qualitative detection in monitoring of therapeutic outcome in NHL or CLL patients.
Stem Cell Plasticity and Issues of Stem Cell Therapy
Authors: Filip Stanislav , Mokrý J. , English D. , Vojáček J.
Published: February 2025

Today, there is much evidence suggesting that organ-specific stem cells need not rely completely on their own sources for maintenance and regeneration of an organism. In certain circumstances, mostly related to tissue damage, stem cell populations residing past the affected organ can contribute to its recovery that means from different cell lines and also in tissues from another germ layer. The key factor in formation of self-renewing cellular clones is the presence of stem cells either from the tissue of origin or stem cells migrating from other areas and their successful settlement in an empty niche of the damaged tissue. Stem cell plasticity is the ability of adult tissue-specific stem cells to switch to new identities. The term plasticity also means stem cell phenotypic potential, which is broader than phenotypes of differentiated cells in their original tissues. Many laboratories have given evidence on stem cell plasticity; however, the presented results met with many objections from others. In the first part of our report we wish to refer to several issues associated with stem cell plasticity, transdifferentiation and fusion. Recent experimental results show that stem cells will playa key role in cell therapy. But there are still many questions to answer for scientists engaged in stem cell research. Is it possible to induce cells from one type of tissue to look and act as cells of another tissue? Do these changes occur naturally? Could plasticity be used in the treatment of fatal diseases? Cell therapy is one of the methods to treat damaged myocardial tissue. However, recent results with autologous bone marrow cells in the treatment of damaged myocardium show that this method has still many unanswered questions concerning cells, cytokines, microenvironment and other factors responsible for reparation. To date, there are many opinions either recommending or denying this method in different modifications. One question has not yet been definitely solved: What are the conditions for us to accept this method - its safety and efficacy? The future will show whether these our hopes and expectations will be fulfiled. Many experiments are needed before at least some of these questions may be answered and cell therapy become an important method for the benefit of our patients.
Toll-like Receptors. II. Distribution and Pathways Involved in TLR Signalling
Authors: Sandor F. , Buc Milan
Published: February 2025

The innate immune system senses invading microorganisms by a phylogenetically conserved family of proteins - TLRs. They are expressed in several types of cells that represent a route of entry of pathogens into the host organism and that can contribute to protection against infection. Except for cells of the immune system, TLRs are present in epithelial cells of the skin, respiratory, intestinal, and genitourinary tracts that form the first protective barrier to invading pathogens. Polarized regulation of TLR expression in epithelial cells explains why pathogenic but not commensal bacteria elicit inflammatory responses. TLR-induced intracellular signalling pathways show remarkable complexity: apart from a common signalling pathway, additional signalling pathways specific for each of the TLRs are responsible for a fine tuning of the immune response, thus securing effective pathogen-directed biological responses.
Toll-like Receptors. III. Biological Significance and Impact for Human Medicine
Authors: Sandor F. , Buc Milan
Published: February 2025

The ability of the innate immune system to recognize and respond to microbial components has been largely attributed to the family of TLRs. They are able to discriminate among distinct molecular patterns associated with microbial components. Recognition of microbial products by TLRs results in induction of innate immunity mechanisms as well in development of antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. Some of TLR ligands start to be used to enhance immune defence mechanisms in fighting infections or malignancies. On the contrary, others were shown to be involved in immunopathogenesis of autoimmune disorders such as SLE.
A Study on Newly Found Seoyuilgi
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Yang Jae-sung
Published: February 2025

This study a ims to introduce Seoyuilgi, which is new material regarding sightseeing records about the Yeongnam region, and investigates its characteristics. In Korean literature, the Chinese character, Seoyu, has been used to imply sightseeing to Gaegyeong area since it means “going sightseeing to areas in the west.” However, through examination of the Seoyuilgi, this study suggests that the records imply going sightseeing in Gumi, Gimcheon, and Geochang in the Yeongnam region. There are two pieces of work with the same title, Seoyuilgi, and they were written by Hong Jae-gwan in 1904, and Mr. Shin of Pyeongsan in 1930, respectively. These two pieces a re the sa me in tha t sightseeing in mountains and rivers happened on an extension of academic learning in the Confucian standpoint, but they exhibit respective characteristics in description patterns.
Seoyuilgi, written by Hong Jae-gwan, has two major patterns, and they depict landscapes through sightseeing and unfolding discussions about academic learning through social interactions with his masters and contemporary literary figures. He realizes the exquisite principle of “Hahaksangdal” after having first-hand experiences on his way to Dajeon to meet Gwak Myeon-woo. He also talks about reading methods and how to get along in the current world. The emotions that he experienced and felt on this trip reinforce his discussions further, highlighting the distinct characteristics of his work. Moreover, his work offers a peek at an aspect of his social relationships with his contemporary literary figures and the academic genealogy of Confucian scholars in Yeongnam, thus holding its significance.
In his Seoyuilgi, Mr. Shin of Pyeongsan closely examines the beautiful sceneries of each tourist destination without omitting anything that his eyes capture and offers realistic descriptions about them with vitality. Instead of ending his experiences merely as sightseeing, he poetically expresses what he feels is right at that time and place ; thus, he increases the level of completion for his work. The ma in goa l of his trip is to visit scenic spots, but he a lso visits relics of previous Confucian scholars related to his ancestors. There he feels their traces and follows their taste for the arts, expressing his joy. In this process, he would get drunk heavily sometimes and write and recite poems about the emotions of sightseeing, immersing himself fully in excitement. This shows an important meaning of sightseeing in mountains and rivers.
Common and unique neurophysiological processes that support the stopping and revising of actions
Authors: Hervault Mario , Wessel Jan R.
Published: February 2025

Inhibitory control is a crucial cognitive-control ability for behavioral flexibility, which has been extensively investigated through action-stopping tasks. Multiple neurophysiological features have been proposed as ‘signatures’ of inhibitory control during action-stopping, though the processes indexed by these signatures are still controversially discussed. The present study aimed to disentangle these processes by comparing simple stopping situations with those in which additional action revisions were needed. Three experiments in female and male humans were performed to characterize the neurophysiological dynamics involved in action-stopping and -changing, with hypotheses derived from recently developed two-stage ‘pause-then-cancel’ models of inhibitory control. Both stopping and revising an action triggered an early, broad ‘pause’-process, marked by frontal EEG β-frequency bursting and non-selective suppression of corticospinal excitability. However, EMG showed that motor activity was only partially inhibited by this ‘pause’, and that this activity could be modulated during action-revision. In line with two-stage models of inhibitory control, subsequent frontocentral EEG activity after this initial ‘pause’ selectively scaled depending on the required action revisions, with more activity observed for more complex revisions. This demonstrates the presence of a selective, effector-specific ‘retune’ phase as the second process involved in action-stopping and -revision. Together, these findings show that inhibitory control is implemented over an extended period of time and in at least two phases. We are further able to align the most commonly proposed neurophysiological signatures to these phases and show that they are differentially modulated by the complexity of action-revision.

Significance StatementInhibitory control is one of the most important control processes by which humans can regulate their behavior. Multiple neurophysiological signatures have been proposed to index inhibitory control. However, these play out on different time scales and appear to reflect different aspects of cognitive control, which are controversially debated.

Recent two-stage models of inhibitory control have proposed that two phases implement the revisions of actions: ‘pause’ and ‘retune’. Here, we provide the first empirical evidence for this proposition: Action revisions engendered a common, low-latency ‘pause’ process, during which motor activity is broadly suppressed. Later activity, however, distinguishes between simple stopping of actions and more complex action revisions. These findings provide novel insights into the sequential dynamics of human action control.
Volitional Regulation and Transferable Patterns of Midbrain Oscillations
Authors: Lu (呂宏耘) Hung-Yun , Zhao (趙懿) Yi , Stealey Hannah M. , Barnett Cole R. , Tobler Philippe N. , Santacruz Samantha R.
Published: February 2025

Dopaminergic brain areas are crucial for cognition and their dysregulation is linked to neuropsychiatric disorders typically treated with pharmacological interventions. These treatments often have side effects and variable effectiveness, underscoring the need for alternatives. We introduce the first demonstration of neurofeedback using local field potentials (LFP) from the ventral tegmental area (VTA). This approach leverages the real-time temporal resolution of LFP and ability to target deep brain. In our study, two male rhesus macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta) learned to regulate VTA beta power using a customized normalized metric to stably quantify VTA LFP signal modulation. The subjects demonstrated flexible and specific control with different strategies for specific frequency bands, revealing new insights into the plasticity of VTA neurons contributing to oscillatory activity that is functionally relevant to many aspects of cognition. Excitingly, the subjects showed transferable patterns, a key criterion for clinical applications beyond training settings. This work provides a foundation for neurofeedback-based treatments, which may be a promising alternative to conventional approaches and open new avenues for understanding and managing neuropsychiatric disorders.

Significance statementThis study demonstrates, for the first time, that neurofeedback using local field potentials (LFP) from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is feasible in non-human primates. By leveraging the temporal resolution and ability to target deep brain regions, this approach provides a novel way to modulate brain activity linked to dopamine-related functions. The findings reveal that subjects can flexibly control VTA LFP signals and transfer learned strategies to new settings, offering potential for developing neurofeedback-based treatments. This research opens new avenues for managing neuropsychiatric disorders, presenting an alternative to traditional pharmacological interventions that often have side effects and limited effectiveness. The study highlights the plasticity of VTA neurons and their relevance to cognition and mood regulation.
Study of the genus Cladonia (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) in the southwest of Galicia (Pontevedra, SW Spain)
Authors: Fernández-Costas Daniel , García-Molares Aida , Morán Paloma , Burgaz Ana Rosa
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the results of a combined analysis of 300 specimens of the genus Cladonia collected in the southwest of province of Pontevedra. The species were classified based on to morphological, chemical (TLC) and genetic (ITS rDNA) characters. A total of 28 species were identified, including is the first record for the Iberian Peninsula of Cladonia portentosa, which contains fumarprotocetraric, perlatolic and usnic acids, as well as Cladonia homosekikaica, new for the Galician flora and Cladonia ciliata, a new record for the province of Pontevedra. It is important to note that morphological characteristics, chemistry and DNA sequences are essential in the taxonomy of the genus.
DESARROLLO DE COMPETENCIAS EN DOCENCIA ONLINE Y SEMIPRESENCIAL EN LA FORMACIÓN EN FUNDAMENTOS EN EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA
Authors: Cañadas Laura , Lobo de Diego Félix Enrique
Published: February 2025

Esta investigación busca (i) analizar el grado de desarrollo de las competencias docentes de estudiantes de Maestro/a en Educación Infantil y Maestro/a en Educación Primaria tras la implementación de propuestas docentes en formato virtual y semipresencial; y (ii) analizar si existen diferencias en el grado de desarrollo de estas competencias en función de si la asignatura se ha impartido en formato online o semipresencial. El estudio siguió un diseño cuasi experimental con pre-test y post-test. Participaron 103 estudiantes universitarios que cursan asignaturas de formación en fundamentos básicos de la educación física en un Doble Grado en Educación Infantil y el Grado en Educación Primaria en dos universidades españolas. Se emplearon dos escalas dirigidas a conocer la autopercepción de competencias genéricas, docentes genéricas y docentes específicas. Los resultados han mostrado que tras el desarrollo de las asignaturas de formación en fundamentos de la Educación Física en formato online y semipresencial se mejora 9 competencias genéricas de 14, 8 competencias docentes genéricas de 17 y 14 competencias docentes específicas de 14. Respecto al segundo objetivo, se ha comprobado como el hecho de desarrollar la docencia en una u otra modalidad afecta al desarrollo de un número reducido de competencias (7 de 45).
INVASIÓN EN EDUCACIÓN
Authors: Díez-Gutiérrez Enrique-Javier
Published: February 2025

Analizo estrategias de invasión de agentes no estatales en la educación. Revestidas con el eufemismo “colaboración público-privada” o “gobernanza híbrida”, suponen más bien subordinación y dependencia pública de lo privado, uberización del espacio educativo y definición de las nuevas políticas educativas globales desde lógicas neoliberales. El patrocinio empresarial de centros educativos que, ante los recortes en la financiación a la educación pública, buscan equilibrar sus presupuestos. La esponsorización por bancos de “profesores emprendedores estrella”, olvidando que la educación es una construcción colectiva y no el logro individual y esforzado de un solo profesor o profesora, por muy buen docente que sea. La “filantropoeducación” mediante la cual los multimillonarios y sus fundaciones “filantrópicas” ya no están detrás de la donación y el patrocinio, sino que pasan a dirigir y gestionarlo diseñando políticas donde los gobiernos, las empresas y las ONGs trabajan conjuntamente para ensanchar el alcance de las fuerzas del mercado en la educación. O la expansión de las GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon y Microsoft) que ofrecen el “solucionismo tecnológico” como relato salvífico y modernizador de la educación mediante lo digital, pero que esconde el negocio del oro del siglo XXI: los datos de toda una futura generación de consumidores.
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ТГЦ-ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ МЕТОДОМ ПРОФИЛИРОВАНИЯ ЛАЗЕРНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ В ВОЗДУХЕ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО АЛГОРИТМА
Authors: БУЛЫГИН А.Д.
Published: February 2025

Исследуется генерация ТГц-излучения в процессе филаментации. Рассматривается возможность увеличения эффективности генерации такого излучения в одноцветном режиме филаментации, возбуждаемого в воздухе лазерными пучками, имеющими ожерельный амплитудный профиль. Предложена стационарная модель генерации ТГц-излучения, позволяющая исследовать зависимость эффективности преобразования лазерного излучения в ТГц-излучение от амплитудного профилирования пучков накачки. Показано, что разбиение излучения по субаппертурам позволяет управлять энергией ТГц-излучения. Методом генетического алгоритма найден оптимальный класс ожерельных пучков. Результаты исследования важны для развития технологий дистанционной генерации ТГц-излучения в газовых средах.

The paper investigates the generation of THz radiation in the filamentation process. The possibility of increasing the generation efficiency of terahertz (THz) radiation in a single-color filamentation mode excited in air by laser beams with necklace amplitude profile is considered. A stationary model of THz radiation generation is proposed, which allows us to study the dependence of conversion efficiency on the amplitude profiling of pump beams. It is shown that the partitioning of radiation over subapertures allows controlling the energy of THz radiation. The optimal class of gorget beams is found by the genetic algorithm method. The results of this work are important for the development of technologies for remote generation of THz radiation in gaseous media.
СРАВНЕНИЕ ПОТОКОВ ПАРНИКОВЫХ ГАЗОВ, ИЗМЕРЕННЫХ С ПОМОЩЬЮ КОМПЛЕКСОВ НАУЧНОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ САМОЛЕТА-ЛАБОРАТОРИИ ЯК-40 И ОБСЕРВАТОРИИ «ZOTTO»
Authors: АНТОХИН П.Н. , АРШИНОВА В.Г. , АРШИНОВ М.Ю. , АРЯСОВ В.Е. , БЕЛАН Б.Д. , БЕЛАН С.Б. , ДАВЫДОВ Д.К. , ИВЛЕВ Г.А. , КОЗЛОВ А.В. , ПАНОВ А.В. , ПРОКУШКИН А.С. , ПУТИЛИН И.Р. , РАССКАЗЧИКОВА Т.М. , САВКИН Д.Е. , СИМОНЕНКОВ Д.В. , ТОЛМАЧЕВ Г.Н. , ФОФОНОВ А.В.
Published: February 2025

Продолжающееся глобальное потепление климата приводит к необходимости проведения непрерывного мониторинга концентрации парниковых газов и величины их потоков. Газообмен между наземными экосистемами и атмосферой измеряется в основном с помощью метода вихревой ковариации, градиентным и камерным методами. Приводится описание приборных комплексов самолета-лаборатории Як-40 и обсерватории «ZOTTO». Измеренные двумя разными методами потоки СО2 и СН4 на одинаковых высотных уровнях совпадают по знаку, близки по величине для углекислого газа и различаются до двух раз у метана. Полученные результаты представляют интерес для специалистов в области измерения потоков парниковых газов методом вихревой ковариации.

The ongoing global warming leads to the need for continuous monitoring of greenhouse gas concentrations and the magnitude of their fluxes. Gas exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere is mainly measured using eddy covariance, gradient, and chamber methods. This work compares greenhouse gas fluxes measured using the airborne eddy covariance technique and by means of the gas analysis system and meteorological sensors at the ZOTTO observatory. A description of instrument suites of the aircraft laboratory and observatory is presented. The comparison results showed that CO2 and CH4 fluxes measured by two different methods at the same altitudes coincide in sign, are close to each other in value for carbon dioxide, and differ by up to 2 times for methane. The results are of interest to specialists who study greenhouse gas fluxes using the eddy covariance method.
ВЕРТИКАЛЬНОЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ОЗОНА В НИЖНЕЙ СТРАТОСФЕРЕ - ВЕРХНЕЙ ТРОПОСФЕРЕ ПО ДАННЫМ ЛИДАРНОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ НА СИБИРСКОЙ ЛИДАРНОЙ СТАНЦИИ В 2023 Г
Authors: ДОЛГИЙ С.И. , МАКЕЕВ А.П. , НЕВЗОРОВ А.В. , НЕВЗОРОВ А.А. , САЛЬНИКОВА Н.С. , ХАРЧЕНКО О.В.
Published: February 2025

Представлены результаты лидарных измерений вертикального распределения озона в нижней стратосфере - верхней тропосфере на Сибирской лидарной станции Института оптики атмосферы им. В.Е. Зуева СО РАН над г. Томском в 2023 г. Показан годовой ход вертикального распределения озона и зарегистрированное 09.03.2023 г. повышенное содержание озона. Предполагается, что причиной этого увеличения в диапазоне высот 8-14 км стал довольно редкий процесс стратосферно-тропосферного переноса воздушных масс через тропопаузу. Результаты могут быть полезны специалистам в области физики и химии атмосферы, климатологии, охраны окружающей среды.

The paper presents the results of lidar measurements of the vertical ozone distribution in the lower stratosphere - upper troposphere at the Siberian Lidar Station (SLS) of V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, over Tomsk in 2023. The annual variation in the vertical ozone distribution and the increased ozone content in the lower stratosphere - upper troposphere recorded in March 2023 are shown. It is assumed that the event of high ozone content in the lower stratosphere - upper troposphere on March 9 was caused by a rather rare process of stratospheric - tropospheric transfer of an air mass through the tropopause.
ЛИДАРНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ВОЛНОВЫХ СТРУКТУР И ВЕТРОВОЙ ТУРБУЛЕНТНОСТИ В УСТОЙЧИВОМ ПОГРАНИЧНОМ СЛОЕ АТМОСФЕРЫ
Authors: СМАЛИХО И.Н. , БАНАХ В.А. , ФАЛИЦ А.В. , ШЕРСТОБИТОВ А.М.
Published: February 2025

Изучение внутренних гравитационных волн (ВГВ), образующихся в пограничном слое атмосферы (ПСА) при устойчивой температурной стратификации, и механизмов взаимодействия ВГВ с ветровой турбулентностью важно для понимания динамических процессов в атмосфере и улучшения алгоритмов численного моделирования ПСА и прогноза погоды. Настоящая работа посвящена исследованиям волновых структур и турбулентности в устойчивом ПСА с использованием результатов экспериментов, проведенных нами в 2023 г. В этих экспериментах одновременно были задействованы два импульсных когерентных доплеровских лидара (ИКДЛ), разнесенных на расстояние 3250 м. Анализ данных показал, что по измерениям двумя ИКДЛ можно оценить временной сдвиг моментов прохождения передним фронтом атмосферной волны точек расположения лидаров, по которому определяется скорость ее распространения. Впервые выявлен случай распространения атмосферной волны в слое от 200 м до 1 км с максимумом амплитуды квазигармонических колебаний вертикальной составляющей вектора скорости ветра ~ 4 м/с (на высоте 400 м). Установлено, что вследствие передачи энергии от атмосферной волны к мелкомасштабным флуктуациям ветра возможно увеличение скорости диссипации турбулентной энергии на четыре порядка всего за несколько десятков минут.

The study of internal gravity waves (IGWs) generated in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) under stable temperature stratification and the mechanisms of interaction of IGW with wind turbulence are important for understanding the dynamic processes in the atmosphere and improving the algorithms of ABL numerical modeling and weather forecasts. This work is devoted to the study of wave structures and turbulence in stable ABL using the data of our experiments conducted in 2023. In these experiments, two pulsed coherent Doppler lidars (PCDL) horizontally spaced 3250 m apart were simultaneously used. The analysis of the experimental results has shown that from the measurements of two PCDLs it is possible to determine the time shift of the moments of passage of the leading edge of an atmospheric wave through the lidar locations, which is used to determine the propagation velocity of the atmospheric wave. For the first time in our lidar experiments, the case of atmospheric wave propagation in the layer at altitudes from 200 m to 1 km with a maximum amplitude of quasi-harmonic oscillations of the vertical component of the wind speed vector of about 4 m/s (at an altitude of 400 m) was revealed. It is established that due to the transfer of energy from an atmospheric wave to small-scale wind fluctuations, it is possible to increase the turbulent energy dissipation rate by four orders of magnitude in just a few tens of minutes.