bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTION OF THE PRODUCTION AND PRICE OF FOREST BIOMASS FOR ENERGY
Authors: Sozinho Thiago Manoel , Buratto David Alexandre , Dos Santos Anadalvo Juazeiro , Garzel Leodoro da Silva João Carlos , Frega José Roberto
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to analyze the evolution of the production and price of biomass from native and planted forests of the state of Paraná (Brazil), between 1998 and 2015, based on the behavior of the prices of the products, according to variations of their supply or demand. The annual rates for growth of the price and quantity produced were calculated and related to the displacements of the supply and demand curves of the products. The results indicated a decrease in the quantity and an increase in the biomass price for native forests, which caused a shift in the supply curve to the left. For the biomass of planted forests, the demand curve shifted to the right due to the demand increase of this product for energy production. The behavior of both curves indicated a substitution of the biomass from native forests to biomass from planted forests due to factors related to the increase of environmental protection regarding the native forests located in the state of Paraná
STRENGTH OF STRUCTURAL FINGER-JOINTS REINFORCED WITH FIBERS
Authors: Bourscheid Cleide Beatriz , Terezo Rodrigo Figueiredo , Rios Polliana D’Angelo , Da Cunha Alexsandro Bayestroff , Waltrick Deyvis Borges , Righez João Laryan Borges
Published: February 2019

The finger-joints are the kind of top joints most used in wood blades to manufacture glued laminated timber (GLULAM) and present direct influence on their rigidity and final mechanical strength. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the tensile strength parallel to grain with different compositions of reinforcements concentrated on finger-joints. Two geometries were used to execute the finger-joints and two species: Pinus taeda and Eucalyptus spp. The reinforcements were fabrics from glass or carbon fibers bonded with polyurethane structural adhesive. The treatments used were: "A-Glass", "A-Glass2", "A-Carbon", “A-Without reinforcement”, "B-Glass", "B-Glass2", "B-Carbon" and “B-Without reinforcement”, being "A" or "B", the geometries and "2", the number of layers of tissue. For statistical analysis, the Dunnett test was used at 95% confidence interval. The results showed that the execution of the unreinforced finger-joints decreased the tensile strength of the woods. For P. taeda, all the treatments were significantly inferior to the control (without finger-joints), and for Eucalyptus spp., only the treatment "A-Unreinforced" presented inferior performance to the control (without finger-joints), all others presented equivalent mechanical resistance to solid wood. It can be concluded that for the Eucalyptus spp. wood, the application of reinforcement on the structural finger-joints improves the tensile strength, equating to the solid wood.
EFFECTS OF SUBSTRATE AND WATER AVAILABILITY ON THE INITIAL GROWTH OF Alibertia edulis RICH.
Authors: Jeromini Tatiane Sanches , Mota Leandro Henrique de Sousa , Scalon Silvana De Paula Quintão , Dresch Daiane Mugnol , Scalon Lourenço Quintão
Published: February 2019

Alibertia edulis Rich. is a native species of the Brazilian Cerrado and can be used for reforestation of degraded areas. In addition, it produces edible fruits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substrates and water levels on the emergence, initial growth, and quality of seedling of A. edulis. The substrates tested were: latosol (L), latosol + sand (L + S = 1:1), latosol + sand + chicken manure (L + S1 + CM = 1:1:0,5), latosol + sand + chicken manure (L + S2 + CM = 1:2:0,5), and latosol + commercial substrate (L + C = 1:1); and the water retention capacities (WRC) tested were: 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The experiment was carried through in a completely randomized design and subdivided into a plot scheme, in which the plots represented water availability and the subplots represented the substrates. Latosol + commercial substrate at 100% of WRC provided the best conditions for emergence, initial growth and formation of seedlings of A. edulis. Sowing in the substrate Dystroferric Red Latosol isolated at 25% of WRC should not be used for the formation of seedlings of this species.
ENERGETIC VALORIZATION OF SAWMILL RESIDUES THROUGH SLOW PYROLISIS PROCESS
Authors: Figueiró Clarissa Gusmão , Carneiro Angélica de Cássia Oliveira , Fialho Lucas De Freitas , Da Silva Carlos Miguel Simões , Peres Letícia Costa
Published: February 2019

Brazil is a large producer of sawmill wastes, commonly used to supply boilers and produce energy. In order to reduce unwanted characteristics of the material, thermochemical conversions through carbonization is an alternative. The aim of this study is to characterize the energetic proprieties of raw biomass and pyrolyzed biomass of sawmill residues. In order to analyze the environmental impact in the emission of pyrolysis gases, the behavior of gases during the thermic treatment was determined. Eucalyptus sp. and Pinus sp. residues slow pyrolysis was performed in an electric kiln, whose gases were conducted through a condensable gas recovery system and an online gas analyzer. The charcoal, bio-oil and non-condensable gases yields were estimated. The wood’s and charcoal’s proximate analysis (extractives, lignin, holocellulosis, ash content), higher heating value, equilibrium moisture and density were appraised. The wood’s chemical components were esteemed. Hardwood and softwood’s charcoal presented several differences, especially in yields due to types of lignin. Hardwoods produce a higher amount of acetic acid in slow pyrolysis. This acid was converted, mainly, in carbon dioxide and e a minor extent in methane and carbon monoxide. The gas release was affected by the temperature and wood’s composition. The main gases resulting from the slow pyrolysis of wood are CO2, CO, CH4, H2. The emission of this gases to the atmosphere in addition to increasing the environmental impact caused by the industry is still a waste of energy that could be harnessed more efficiently. Pyrolysis increased the energetic characteristics of sawmill waste. However, in spite of the advantages of carbonization, ways to mitigate the emission of gases emitted in an operational scale should be evaluated.
The penetration and wettability of varnish in Cryptomeria japonica
Authors: Fonte Ana Paula Namikata da , Carneiro Mayara Elita , Muniz Graciela I de Bolzon
Published: February 2019

Wood products require preservative and finishing treatments to raise their quality and market value, thus making their appearance more pleasing and their strength higher. The objective of this work was to analyze the wettability of the different finishes, as well as the penetration of the products by scanning electron microscopy. The present study used Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with two replicates per sample and a Goniometer to observe the behaviour of the sessile gout with 5 replicates per sample and radial position. It was concluded that the water based varnish presented a diffuse layer when observed in the SEM and the polyurethane varnish formed a film on the substrate thicker than the other treatments. The copal varnish presented a higher contact angle and the nitrocellulose lacquer formed the smallest contact angle. Copal varnish and PU showed higher hydrophobicity and higher resistance to moisture.
GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF Cordia trichotoma SEEDLINGS IN RESPONSE TO FERTILIZATION WITH PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM
Authors: Pasquetti Berghetti Álvaro Luís , Machado Araujo Maristela , Almeri Tabaldi Luciane , Guarienti Rorato Daniele , Carpenedo Aimi Suelen , Gomes de Fárias Júlia
Published: February 2019

The cultivation of native tree species of economic and environmental interest, such as Cordia trichotoma, still depends on nutritional information. This study aimed to identify the effect of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application on the growth and photosynthetic activity of seedlings of Cordia trichotoma. In a greenhouse, ten treatments were tested considering three levels of P (150, 300, and 450 mg dm-3), three of K (50, 100, and 150 mg dm-3) and a control sample (with no fertilization). Pots filled with Red Argisol were used. At 180 days after prick, the following variables were evaluated: shoot height, stem diameter, area dry matter, root dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments. The supplementation with P and K promoted increased growth and photosynthetic capacity of the seedlings. The treatment with 450 mg dm-3 of P and 50 mg dm-3 of K provided the highest growth and the best use of the light energy by the photosystem II (Fv/Fm = 0.76), as well as lower energy loss index (Fo = 172.5). It is recommended the application of 450 mg dm-3 of P and 50 mg dm-3 of K, with the aim at higher growth and photosynthetic rate of seedlings of C. trichotoma.
Abordagens do sistema penal a partir da obra de Roberto Esposito
Authors: Borges Clara Maria Roman , Olchanowski Nikolai
Published: February 2019

Redigido na forma de ensaio, o artigo sugere como produtiva uma abordagem do sistema penal por meio da obra de Roberto Esposito, especialmente a partir de dois conceitos recorrentes no pensamento do filósofo italiano: imunização e comunidade. Primeiro, é ressaltada a proximidade entre a concepção de pena fornecida e a lógica imunitária. Mediante o mecanismo da apropriação a comunidade política internaliza o elemento do qual pretende se proteger, operando a partir de negatividades. O caráter aflitivo da pena aloca a violência em um espaço controlado, criando uma forma de mediação para a proteção do comum, o que faz surgir o perene risco de autodestruição, na forma de crise autoimune. Depois, como um alerta às promissoras produções em torno do que se chamou de práticas restaurativas, aponta-se para o perigo de essencialização da noção de comunidade. Segundo Esposito, pensar a comunidade exige se afastar do léxico político-filosófico moderno, sob pena de perverter o próprio conceito.
A extrafiscalidade do imposto sobre a importação em favor da aquisição de obras de arte
Authors: Mello Elizabete Rosa de , Morais Maria Laura Clemente
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho objetiva expor as razões para a concessão de isenção total do imposto sobre a importação de obras de arte adquiridas por particulares. O mencionado tributo possui caráter eminentemente extrafiscal, sendo sua função precípua a promoção do equilíbrio entre os mercados interno e externo. A partir da definição de arte como mercadoria sui generis, evidencia-se a inexistência de similaridade entre objetos artísticos, pelo que se demonstra a impropriedade da cobrança do referido imposto aduaneiro sobre a entrada definitiva de obras de arte, as quais não competem com qualquer outro produto nacional. Ademais, o valor cultural dessa espécie de mercadoria exigiria o fomento ao seu ingresso no Brasil, ainda que ele se dê pela aquisição privada, com o intuito de enriquecer o patrimônio artístico nacional e promover o aquecimento do mercado nacional de arte. A metodologia adotada é crítico-dialética, com abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa, por meio da análise das legislações pátria e alienígena e do exame de dados e conceitos extraídos de material bibliográfico.
Insurance Development and Economic Growth: An Examination of the Non-Bank Financial Institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Ugwunta David Okelue , Ugwuanyi Uche Boniface
Published: February 2019

This paper determined the effect of the development of non-bank financial institutions on Nigeria’s economic growth. Time series data, spanning a period of forty-one years, from 1970-2010 obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin were tested for stationarity. To measure the relationship and the impact of the explanatory variables on economic growth, the paper adopted a generic regression equation. Results suggest that total trade; investments of the insurance sector in financial asset; and insurance premiums have a high, positive and direct relationship with economic growth. Overall, our findings revealed that the focal variables insurance sector investment in financial assets; and insurance sector premiums significantly contribute to the economic growth of Nigeria.
Root Suppletion and the Theory of Allomorphic Locality
Authors: A Lomashvili Leila
Published: February 2019

The paper investigates the root suppletion phenomena with its direct relation to the theory of allomorphic locality as it is couched in the Distributed Morphology (DM) framework (Halle & Marantz 1993, 1994) and its recent developments. The paper covers the suppletion phenomena of two varieties, those conditioned by the number of an internal argument and tense-aspect-mood (TAM) features of functional heads merging above roots. The empirical data is brought up to support the main claim that the suppletion of verbal roots can be conditioned not only by the most local elements such as the number of the internal argument, but it can also be triggered by the TAM features of the functional heads which are outside of the XP boundary where the roots are merged (Harley et al. 2009, Bobaljik 2012, Harley 2015 among others). To account for the TAM-conditioned suppletion, the paper is using the phase-theoretic approach following Chomsky (1999) and Embick (2010) by positing a variety of non-cyclic heads merging above roots that render the interaction between TAM features and roots possible even though some of the intervening heads between roots and these features may be overtly realized. The paper arrives at the conclusion that the suppletion can still be triggered by the local material converging with other authors mentioned above.
Modelling Outstanding Claims with Mixed Compound Processes in Insurance
Authors: Clemente Gian Paolo , Savelli Nino , Zappa Diego
Published: February 2019

In general insurance, measuring the uncertainty of future loss payments and estimating the claims reserve are primary goals of actuaries. To deal with these tricky tasks, a broad literature is available on deterministic and stochastic approaches, most of which aims at straightforwardly modelling the overall claims reserve. In this paper by an extended, very general and reproducible case-study, we analyze the reserving process by attributing to each cell of the lower part of the run-off triangle a Compound mixed Poisson Process, calibrated upon both the numbers of claims and future average costs and considering as well the dependence among incremental claims. We provide analytically the moments of both incremental payments and the total reserve. Furthermore, we accordingly consider the probability distribution of the claims reserve, which is necessary for the assessment of the Risk Reserve capital requirement in a Solvency II framework. To test the impact of the model under different scenarios, insurers and lines of business, the case study is thoroughly analyzed by exploiting the Fisher-Lange average cost method.
Crimes Against Humanity and Hostes Generis Humani
Authors: Duff Antony
Published: February 2019

Crimes Against Humanity and Hostes Generis Humani

In ‘The Enemy of All Humanity’, David Luban provides an insightful and plausible account of the idea of the hostis generis humani (one that shows that the hostis need not be understood to be an outlaw), and of the distinctive character of the crimes against humanity that the hostis commits. However, I argue in this paper, his suggestion that the hostis is answerable to a moral community of humanity (in whose name the ICC must thus claim to speak) is not tenable. Once we recognize the intimate connection between criminal law and political community, we can see that the hostis should answer to the local, domestic political community in and against which he commits his crimes; and that the proper role of the International Criminal Court, acting in the name of the community of nations, is to provide a second-best substitute for such answering when the local polity cannot or will not hold him to account.
Enemy of All Humanity
Authors: de Wilde Marc
Published: February 2019

Enemy of All Humanity: The Dehumanizing Effects of a Dangerous Concept

In his contribution to this special issue, David Luban proposes to revive the age-old concept of ‘the enemy of all humanity.’ On his view, this concept supports the aims of international criminal justice by emphasizing that atrocity and persecution crimes are ‘radically evil’ and therefore ‘everyone’s business.’ Criticizing Luban’s proposal, this paper shows that in the past, the ‘enemy of all humanity’ concept has often served to establish parallel systems of justice, depriving these ‘enemies’ of their rights as suspects under criminal law and as lawful combatants under the laws of war. Thus, even if the ‘enemy of all humanity’ concept is used with the intention to bring today’s perpetrators of ‘radical evil’ to justice, it risks undermining, rather than protecting, the rule of law.
Drone brings new advance of geological mapping in Mongolia: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Dandar Otgonbayar , Okamoto Atsushi , Uno Masaoki , Batsaikhan Undarmaa , Ulziiburen Burenjargal , Tsuchiya Noriyoshi
Published: February 2019

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones have revolutionized scientific research in multiple fields. Drones provide us multiple advantages over conventional geological mapping or high-altitude remote sensing methods, in which they allow us to acquire data more rapidly of inaccessible or risky outcrops, and can connect the spatial scale gap in mapping between manual field techniques and airborne, high-altitude remote sensing methods. Despite the decreased cost and technological developments of platforms, sensors and software, the use of drones for geological mapping in Mongolia has not yet been utilized. In this study, we present using of drone in two areas: the Chandman area in which eclogite is exposed and the Naran massif of the Khantaishir ophiolite in the Altai area. Drone yields images with high resolution that is reliable to use and reveals that it is possible to make better formulation of geological mapping. Our suggestion is that (1) Mongolian geoscientists are encouraged to add drones to their geologic toolboxes and (2) drone could open new advance of geological mapping in Mongolia in which geological map will be created in more effective and more detailed way combined with conventional geological survey on ground.
Anthropogenic landform evolution remoted by satellite images in Tuul River basin
Authors: Tuyagerel Davaagatan , Orkhonselenge Alexander
Published: February 2019

Industrialization, construction and transportation network are abruptly grown and urban infrastructure is densely expanded due to rapid population growth, i.e., urbanization process is notably intensive in Ulaanbaatar as like as other cities in the world. Human activity in the overpopulated city distinctly modifies landforms and antipathetically impacts on the environment. Channel, floodplain and terraces of Tuul River draining through Ulaanbaatar have been strongly affected by the human activity. Reduction in water resource and water pollution of Tuul River are caused by bio-waste, solid waste and wastewater released from industries, thermal and electric power stations, constructions and companies operating along the river beach. This study presents landform evolution induced by human activity in Tuul River basin. More investigation is needed to infer anthropogenic landform evolution in large river basins in Mongolia based on field works and analytic measurements with further study.
MODELAGEM FUZZYPARA AVALIAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE TOMATE CEREJA UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES DOSES DE POLÍMEROS E NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO
Authors: dos  Santos  Viais  Neto Daniel , Alves  Pradela Valter , Roberto  Almeida  Gabriel  Filho Luís , Pires Cremasco Camila , Carolina Geraldo de Maria Ana , Silva de Oliveira Gustavo
Published: February 2019

The tomato is considered the second vegetable of economic importance in Brazil and for the success of its cultivation, depends to a large extenton the use of quality seedlings, since a well formed seedling will give rise to a plant with high productive potential. Adequate water availability is important to produce good seedlings, but failing that, commercial polymers inserted into the substrate can be used. The objective of this work was to study the effects on the development of cherry tomatoes in different doses of polymers applied to the substrate and different levels of irrigation until the transplant phase using fuzzy modeling. For this study, we used data from an experiment conducted at the Faculty of Technology of Presidente Prudente.The input variables of the developed system based on fuzzy rules were Polymer and Irrigation, and for both were defined 5 fuzzy sets. The output variables wereshoot length (CPA), root length (CR) and seedling dry mass (MSM). For the SBRF output variables, 5 fuzzy sets were also defined. The analysis of the effects of polymer doses and irrigation levels on tomato seedlings was performed using three -dimensionalgraphs and contour maps of the output variables. This analysis allowed us to conclude that, for irrigation levels below the maximum (daily irrigation), the use of 2 grams of polymers refers to the best conditions of the variables shoot length, root lengthand dry mass of the seedling.
PRODUTIVIDADE, QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA E RESÍDUO EM SEMENTES DE TRIGO EM FUNÇÃO DA DESSECAÇÃO COM HERBICIDAS
Authors: Ciciliano Tavares Lizandro , de Oliveira Sandro , Moncks Silva Bruno , Souza Lemes Elisa , Amaral Villela Francisco , Vargas Leandro , Agostinetto Dirceu
Published: February 2019

In the wheat crop,pre-harvest desiccation with herbicides caninfluencethe productivity and physiological seed quality.The study aimed to quantify the yield, physiological seed quality,andresidue in wheat seeds.The experimental design was a randomized block designina 2x2x6 factorial, being thefactor A constituting of wheat cultivars (BRS 177 e BRS Umbu),the factor B application stages (before and after physiological maturation) and, factor C desiccation with different herbicides (2,4-D, paraquat, glyphosate, ammonium glufosinate, metsulfuron-methyl, and control) with four replications.The variables analyzed were thethousand seedsweight, hectoliter weight, number of antheciumper spike, seed yield, physiological seed quality by the vigortestsand standard germination, and residue in wheat seeds after the application of herbicides in pre-harvest.The desiccation in pre-harvest herbicide held at a later stage after physiological maturity, in general, does not affect the physiological quality and seed yield of BRS Umbu and BRS 177 cultivars. The application of methyl-metsulfuronand paraquat does not show residual effects on the seed independent of the application stage, while the application of ammonium glufosinate, glyphosate, and 2,4-D,when applied before the physiological maturity result residue levels in wheat seed.
WINTER COVER CROPS SOWING SYSTEMS FOR PLANTING LETTUCE
Authors: Fernandes Colombari Lidiane , Massami Imaizumi Vitor , Felipe Guedes Baldini Luiz , Pâmela Nunes Chaves Prínscilla , Goto Rumy
Published: February 2019

The sowing system, as well as the species used as covercrops, may interfere with the production of straw and the development of further crops. The objective of this research was to evaluate sowing systems for black oat (Avena strigosaSchreb) and white lupine (Lupinus albus) as cover crops, the dry matter production of these plants and their influence on Americana and Curly lettuces yield. Two experiments were performed, one for each lettuce cultivar. The experimental design was composed of 8 treatments (factorial 4x2), evaluated in randomized blocks, with five replications. The first factor is related to four soil coverages (black oat, white lupine, black oat + white lupine and weed) and the second one is the sowing system (handand mechanized in line). The cover plants drying was performed 47 days after planting and the amount of dry matter produced in the area (straw) was then measured. After 30 days from drying, varieties of Curly and Americana lettuce were planted under straw. The lettuce cultivars were evaluated for fresh mass, shoot height and head diameter. For both lettuces, the benefit ofgreen manure was higher using black oat only or combinedwith white lupine, either handor mechanized sowed.
PRODUTIVIDADE E QUALIDADE DE RAÍZES DA MANDIOQUINHA-SALSA EM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE ADUBAÇÃO NPK
Authors: Mazetti Fernandes Adalton , Loli Garcia Emerson , Leonel Magali , Helena da Silva de Oliveira Mota Lydia
Published: February 2019

The storage roots of arracacha have high nutritional value, being rich in carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins A and C, and starch of high digestibility. However, in this crop one of the decisive factors for the production of roots with higher nutritional value is the balanced fertilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and nutritional quality of storage roots of arracacha, grown at increasing levels of NPK fertilization. The experiment was conducted in the randomized blocks design, with eight replications. The treatments consisted of three NPK levels (AD0 = unfertilized cultivation, AD1 = cultivation with 50% of recommended fertilization, and AD2 = cultivation with 100% ofrecommended fertilization). It was observedthat higher levels of NPK fertilization increase the number, size and marketable yield of storage roots of arracachacrop. NPK fertilization also increases the size and contentsof K, Mg, and Mn of storage roots, without interfering with the pulp pH and contentsof protein, Ca, Cu, and Fe. However, when the increase in root size is not accompanied by an increase in dry matter content, the starch, P, and Zn contents of the roots reduce with increasing levels of NPK fertilization.
The role of folate and one-carbon metabolism in brain development and hydrocephalus: a literature review
Authors: Shehata Z.
Published: February 2019

Folate metabolism has been known to influence the development of the nervous system, as found in the case of neural tube defects. Folates are a group of compounds involved in one-carbon metabolism, which is necessary for the formation of purine and thymidine nucleotides, as well as methionine and methyl donors. In addition to the well-documented role of folates within the pathogenesis of neural tube defects, current literature provides evidence that folate imbalances may play a significant role in the development and effects of hydrocephalus. This review considers the possibility that folate imbalances in hydrocephalic cerebrospinal fluid may be responsible for the neurological deficit seen in patients with this condition. Understanding the details of this potential imbalance may provide further insight into novel treatment options for hydrocephalus in the future.
A medical student's reflection on the Manchester terrorist attack, May 2017
Authors: O'Rourke Sara C.
Published: February 2019

No abstract
Nutritional and sensory quality of buns enriched with soy fiber (Okara)
Authors: S. N. Bhavya , Prakash Jamuna
Published: February 2019

Dietary fiber obtained from by-products of food industries acts as a potential functional food ingredient and used in baking, beverages and meat products. Soybean, a rich source of plant protein is a suitable substitute to dairy milk. Processing of soy milk leaves behind large quantities of fiber, which could be incorporated in food formulation as a dietary supplement. With this background high fiber buns were formulated using soy fiber at different levels and analyzed for nutritional quality, physical characteristic and sensory acceptability. Nutritional characteristics of enriched buns were determined using standard methods and results (per 100 g) were: protein, 7.1-7.7 g; fat, 4.8-6.6 g; iron 2.2-3.0 mg and calcium, 74.0-81.0 mg. Phytic acid and tannin were in the range of 19.0-22.8 mg and 47.4-50.1 mg/100g respectively. Bioaccessible Fe ranged from 11.1-23.3 % and Ca from 50.2-95.5 % of total. In vitro digestible protein and starch ranged from 46.8-49.5 and 34.9-68.6 % of total respectively. Addition of fiber influenced the color of the buns as measured by Hunter Lab color meter. Incorporation of soy fiber lowered sensory scores of buns. In conclusion, soy fiber buns were nutritionally superior and can fulfill the consumer requirement of health food.
Efektivitas Biaya Strategi DOTS Program Tuberkulosis antara Puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit Swasta Kota Depok
Authors: Ulya Fikrotul , Thabrany Hasbullah
Published: February 2019

AbstrakAngka penemuan Tuberkulosis (TB) tahun 2016 adalah sebesar 77% di dunia, sebesar 46,5% di Asia Tenggara dan sekitar32 - 33% di Indonesia. Di Kota Depok angka penemuan TB mencapai 58%. Sektor swasta menjangkau 18,7% kasus TB di KotaDepok meskipun baru 40% RS swasta yang terlibat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan strategiDOTS di Rumah Sakit swasta Kota Depok lebih menghemat biaya dibandingkan di Puskesmas. Penelitian dilakukan selama 6bulan dengan kohort retrospektif di Puskesmas DOTS, RS DOTS dan RS Non DOTS menggunakan 36 sampel per kelompok.Penghitungan dari perspektif societal dengan microcosting berdasarkan tarif, harga pasar, serta nilai anggaran. Outputnyaangka pengobatan lengkap (Success Rate). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Success Rate di puskesmas paling tinggi yaitu86,1%, RS DOTS sebesar 77.78 % dan Non DOTS 63.89 %. Penambahan biaya provider terutama tenaga pelaksana khususdi puskesmas dan RS DOTS meningkatkan success rate. Biaya societal di puskesmas 42% dari biaya di RS swasta. ACER(Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio) menunjukkan RS yang melaksanakan strategi DOTS lebih cost effective. Untuk menaikkan1% angka kesuksesan pengobatan membutuhkan biaya Rp 10.084.572 dengan melakukan intervensi program DOTS ke RSSwasta. Uji t independen menyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna biaya societal pengobatan tuberkulosis antarapuskesmas, RS DOTS, dan RS Non DOTS. AbstractGlobal TB notification rate at 2016 was 77% and 46.5% in Southeast Asia. Indonesia last 5 years still remain at 32-33% where DepokCity reached 58%. In Depok City, private sector contributed 18.7% of the notified TB case in 2016 although only 40% of privatehospitals were involved. The aims of this study is to determine cost-effectiveness of DOTS strategy implementation at private hospitaland Public Health Centre (PHC). Comparative study carried out for six months with cohort retrospective between PHC, DOTS andNon DOTS hospitals using 36 samples per group. The calculation of the societal perspective with microcosting based on tariffs, marketprices and budget value. Output is Success Rate, where at PHC 86.1%, DOTS hospital 77.78% and Non DOTS hospital 63.89%.The addition cost providers especially person in charge at PHC and DOTS hospital increase success rate. The cost of TB treatmentin PHC 42% of private hospital. ACER (Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio) is obtained that the hospital which carry out the DOTSstrategy is cost effective. To increase 1% success rate of TB treatment costs Rp 10,084,572 with intervention DOTS programs into aprivate hospital. An Independen t test stated that cost-effectiveness societal perspectives on TB treatment has a significant differencebetween PHC, DOTS hospital and Non DOTS hospital .
THE PESANTREN’S MODEL OF RESISTANCE AND TRANSFORMATION IN THE DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL CHANGE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Apipudin Apipudin
Published: February 2019

Social change is an integral phenomenon in every society. The dynamics of social change present a phenomenon of a society or a part of society that is eroded by change; some are immersed in the flow of change, some exercise resistance measures, and some are even able to contribute to the dynamics of social change by conducting transformation. Pesantren, as one of the oldest Islamic educational institution, demonstrates efforts of defense and transformation as a form of adaptation towards social change. The history of education in Indonesia cannot be separated from the role and contribution of pesantren. In its development, Indonesian education which adopted modernization of western education shifted pesantren to become an additional alternative educational institution, rather than primary institution it used to be. However, the most recent development shows a return of pesantren’s presence and contribution as a significant alternative for education system in Indonesia. This cannot be separated from the fact that the pesantren has applied a model of adaptation. The purpose of this research is to analyze diversity of adaptive models in three pesantrens in Java. With methods of observation and in-depth interviews in three pesantrens which are Cidahu in Pandeglang, Banten; Langitan in Tuban, East Java; and Darul Ulum in Jombang, East Java, this research confirms that adaptive models of pesantren have created diversity in pesantren models. However, through this diversity it is still evident that the pesantren is a model of typical Indonesian education.
UNDERSTANDING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MADURESE THROUGH THEIR ETHNIC HUMORS
Authors: Lesmana Maman
Published: February 2019

Ethnic humor is one of the most popular humor in Indonesia. The most favored ethnic humor among Indonesian is the ethnic humor of Madura, despite the fact that the number of ethnics in Indonesia is abundant. This article will discuss about Madurese ethnic humor. The goal is to seek out its characteristics. The target of this study is to find out the characteristics of Madurese ethnic humor, both in terms of form, content and function. From the discussion, it was found that humor, contained in the texts of humor Madura, cannot be regarded as ethnic humor as found in other cultures in the world, which is dangerous and has the possibility to create negative impacts and conflicts. Madurese ethnic humor is humor about Madura, which is made by the Madurese themselves, or by others, that serves as entertainment rather than as a tool to criticize.
ISLAMIC MORAL VALUES IN KUBAH BY AHMAD TOHARI
Authors: Srikandi Cut Novita
Published: February 2019

This study aims to explore the values of the Islamic moralism to be conveyed novelist of kubah. The study used the moral approach to analyze the Islamic moral values in Ahmad Tohari's novel. Islam is a religion that encompasses aspects of human life, aspects of life that are presented in the literature. Therefore, Islam and literature cannot be separated. Human relationship with man and man's relationship with his god is a very basic Islamic teaching. Kubah is the first novel by Ahmad Tohari tells of a character named Karman and tells about events of September 30, 1965, during which the movement of the Indonesian Communist Party that being part history of Indonesia. Within this novel, narrated about suffering, experience, and a long journey and religious life of Karman figure when he joined the communist party.
HISTORY OF LEGONG DANCE; MEANING AND SYMBOLS OF BALI ISLAND IN THE 20 CENTURY
Authors: Winata Rakhmayanti Novitasari
Published: February 2019

Balinese dance is very interesting to be enjoyed because in addition to its dynamic movement also moves almost the whole body of the dancer especially the game of eye gleam, but more than that balinese dance in addition to the dazzling entertainment also has meaning and symbols that are often closely related to religion or Human social life every day. One of them is Legong Keraton dance a very interesting and meaningful classical dance and symbol of Bali island as aesthetic expression of human being which can be understood from the technique of dancers while it is also of course contextually related to the science of sociology and anthropology of this dance in meaning and is The symbol of the island of the gods.
THE FORCE TO BE IN A RELATIONSHIP; HOW ACTORS PLAY THEIR ROLES ON INSTAGRAM ACCOUNTS IN SHAPING A NEGATIVE IMAGE OF SINGLE LATE MILLENNIAL IN INDONESIA
Authors: Putri Retno Daru Dewi G. S.
Published: February 2019

Indonesian people tend to involve themselves in other people’s business especially when it comes to their families or friends. With the influence of the New Media’s opinion on people’s relationship, this leads to the feeling of insecurity among Indonesian late millennials who are still single. The appearance of many memes and ‘cheesy’ photo captions have motivated Indonesia’s younger generations to get boyfriends or girlfriends so they can improve their self-esteem and pride by achieving something acceptable by the society standard constructed by the media. To make it worse, the impact of posting the memes and photographs on Social Network Media accounts has started the building a negative concept of relationship as an achievement for Indonesian late millennials. By applying Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network Theory, I am motivated to break down the roles of each actor in shaping the Indonesian late millennials New Media users’ mind to be in a relationship immediately.
LEARNING APPROACH OF READING THE KADAZANDUSUN LANGUAGE THROUGH SONGS AND COMPUTER-BASED MUSIC FOR STANDARD ONE STUDENT
Authors: Jainis Jinuin Bin , Taisi Norjietta Julita Binti
Published: February 2019

The problem of mastering reading lessons among Primary School students is still emerging in our country and abroad. Cognitive theory has shown that students have their own skills during Year One if they are exposed to more effective teaching and learning processes. Based on previous studies, the reading-based learning approach through songs and computer-based music in teaching and learning was found to have a positive impact on students. Hence, researchers want to study the approach in learning Kadazandusun language through song and computer-based music. This study is using qualitative approach to obtain data based on the research objective which has been determined by the researcher. This study found that reading-based learning approaches using computer-based songs and music were able to influence the achievement of reading for year one students.
DECONSTRUCTING MUHAMMAD IBN ABDUL WAHHAB’S TEACHINGS THROUGH JACQUES DERRIDA DECONSTRUCTION THEORY
Authors: Mardiati Sa'dah , Naupal Naupal
Published: February 2019

In the beginning, Islam came to Indonesia peacefully. Islam entered Indonesia through acculturation spesifically in Java in the hands of religious leaders called Wali Songo. Opposite to that way, the Wahhabi‟s teachings who wanted to purify Islamic religion lead by the prophet and his companions period makes Islam in Indonesia become exclusive. The Wahhab‟s teachings which is in contrast of Islam Nusantara creates discomfort among all moslems, in particular, followers of NU, the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia. This is what the writer wants to answer by unloading the exclusive Wahhabism and intolerant thinking using the deconstruction analysis by Derrida. Before that, Foucault analysis of power relation will be used to broaden the language meaning dimension that influences language social system that is the background of Wahhabi‟s teaching. Using the deconstruction method, the researcher will unload hierarchical text elements to find new reading result of the existing text to produce a more tolerant meaning. This research is expected to be thinking contribution in solving religious teachings conflicts that root from reading texts exclusively, and to construct awareness among moslems about discourse of relative truth, especially as a new way of reading the texts with exclusive thinking.
TRACING THE MYTH OF THE PEOPLE, AS PART OF LIFE (A CASE STUDY OF DAMPU AWANG FOLKLORE)
Authors: Lestari Nanny Sri
Published: February 2019

A community is the largest unit of the society. Society is a collection of several communities that have a common agreement. In everyday life they make a mutual agreement both oral and written in life. The agreement was made. There are mutually agreed rules, norms and values for mutual preservation among the people. One unique example is to look at a society that lives in a shared environment that then guard each other by agreeing on a common myth. Society does not object to the myth, the people accept the myth willingly without having to express likes or dislikes. An example of this is folklore about Dampu Awang. Dampu Awang story is known as a folklore in the northern coastal area of the eastern part of the island of Java or precisely in the vicinity of Rembang. Local people believe that Dampu Awang was native Javanese. According to the oral story of the local people, they believe that Dampu Awang was a nomad from Java who then succeeded in trading with the people. Dampu Awang came back to Java and landed in Lasem's big port. For the local people, Dampu Awang was very reliable and had great stories. Based on the oral story of the society, local people believe that Dampu Awang was not just a successful nomad and merchant but also someone who introduced new influences. As a wanderer and wholesaler Dampu Awang bought a lot of crops from the local community and also brought a wide variety of merchandise that could be exchanged for the produce. Trade activities conducted by Dampu Awang provide opportunities for local people to interact with the people from outside the archipelago. It is interesting that this Dampu Awang myth does not only belong to the locals but also to Chinese immigrants in Rembang. They know this story with their respective story variants. Dampu Awang is considered to have left a large relic; an enormous ship anchor placed in front of a church in Kartini park. This myth is kept around in the form of oral folklore delivered from time to time.
A FUNCTIONALIST DISCOURSE OF THE INDIGENOUS DANCE THEATRE TRADITION IN AFRICA
Authors: Awuawuer Tijime Justin
Published: February 2019

This paper from participatory and critical perspectives, attempts a functionalist discourse investigation of the home-grown African dance tradition from a philosophical and sociological praxis. From an experiential vantage position, the thesis of the paper holds strongly that, as art forms, dances in Africa serve various functions; as catalysts for socio-political and economic transformation. Using Swange dance of the Tiv people from Central Nigeria as a paradigm, and from a functionalist point of view, the article sees African dances as contributing a greater part in uncountable ways in a positive transformation of the society. It also sees dance as a domain within the humankind that should be harnessed for greater and positive socio-political dividends. In conclusion, the article holds strongly that the efficacies of these indigenous African dances cannot be over emphasized considering the numerous functions these dances perform towards the socio-political and economic development of the African societies, because most of these dances have often acted as sites for staging various cultural histories as well as formulating ideology.
A STUDY ON ETHNIC MINORITIES DURING SOVIET UNION PERIOD IN RUSSIAN LITERARY WORK: THE NOVEL JAMILIA BY CHINGIZ AITMATOV
Authors: Aviandy Mochamad
Published: February 2019

Literary works in the era of the Soviet Union is a literary work that belongs to the socialist realism stream. This stream was used by the Soviet government to help propagate communism-socialism throughout its territory, as well as in the world. However, Chingiz Aitmatov's novel, Jamilia, does not use the stream. This novel addresses the life in a Kyrgyz society in the era of the Soviet Union. The novel was published in 1958, at the peak of Russification by the Soviet government to all its territory. However, Aitmatov managed to portray the identity of the Kyrgyz people, part of the Soviet Union, with all its peculiarities. This novel illustrates the identity of the Kyrgyz people confronted with the identity of the Soviet Union - Russia through the characters in the story
JAPAN’S EFFORTS TO DILUTE ITS DARK HISTORY THROUGH ANIME “HETALIA AXIS POWERS”
Authors: Prameswari Citra Rindu
Published: February 2019

“Hetalia” is one of many animes with history, specifically World War II, as its theme, but what makes it different from other animes is the fact that it gained many controversies even before it was broadcasted. The characters in “Hetalia” are world countries‟ personifications with stereotypes as their characteristics. Because of that, it can be seen easily that these characters automatically have ties with each respective country. Japan is Japan‟s character in it, but his scenes mainly only contain cultural related things rather than war-related activities. This article aims to find out the agenda behind Japan‟s image representation via “Hetalia’s” narrative plots and the characterization of Japan. Using cinema concept and representation theory to analyze the characterization through dialogues and narrations, I argue that there is a certain agenda to feminize to soften Japan‟s image and to dilute Japan‟s dark history so that Japan will have more positive image via “Hetalia”. It automatically highlights Japan‟s position as not one of the „main villains‟ in World War II by making one party look positively good (Japan) and another party look not so good in relation with geopolitics strategy.
ALEKSANDR ISAEVIČ SOLŽENICYN: THE REALIST
Authors: Kaprisma Hendra
Published: February 2019

The word amnesia history can be considered as a representation of the anxiety of writers when the Soviet Union regime came to power. The regime launched atrocities against its citizens through a system of repression. The atrocities committed by the government against its citizens were "recorded" through words by writers. The form of literary resistance to the nation's repression caused the world of words have the power to influence the course of history. One of the 20th century Russian writers known for their resistance to the Soviet Union's communist regime was Aleksandr Isaevič Solţenicyn (1918-2008). The communist government regarded Solţenicyn as a dissident who was against anti-humanism according to Marxism-Leninism. Solţenicyn can not be separated from the snares of repression of the government of the Soviet Union. Various searches about Solţenicyn's authorship show that he was a realist author and part of the Soviet Union literary group who opposed government interference with literature. Arxipelag Gulag which popularized Solţenicyn was documentation as well as a reflection of the atrocities that occurred in the Soviet Union during the communist regime in power. The terror system - as part of the system of state repression - narrated in the novel makes the story of the Gulag (Glavnoe upravlenie ispravitel'no-trudovyx 'Directorate General of Corrective Labor Camp') in Solţenicyn version has an appeal that is sought by readers and reviewers of literature.
THE NEED FOR RESEARCH IN THEATRE AND FILM AS CHANGE AGENTS IN A DYNAMIC WORLD
Authors: Anyanwu Chukwuma
Published: February 2019

The world of the 21st century is remarkably different from those of previous centuries. It is more so as a result of the changes in communication, style of living and the horrendous unleashing of violence against humanity by pockets of dissidents around the world. In Nigeria for instance, the clamour for change in every facet of her national life including restructuring of the entire country has never been more pronounced than it is now. People are exposed to all kinds of inhuman treatment from the most unlikely sources including the government of the day whose stinginess with the truth has become legendry. In all these cases the need to make life a little bit whole and liveable becomes imperative. Theatre and film are regarded as entertainment industries charged with giving pleasure, reducing stress and prolonging life no matter how small. This makes it necessary that research be conducted to determine how both media can be made to yield the best in them in the service of humanity in a changing world, with emphasis on Nollywood, the Nigerian video film industry. This is the focus of this paper. It uses the analytical research method to actualize this. Conclusion was drawn based on the findings and recommendations made on that basis.