bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WMO Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update: A Prediction for 2021–25
Authors: Hermanson Leon , Smith Doug , Seabrook Melissa , Bilbao Roberto , Doblas-Reyes Francisco , Tourigny Etienne , Lapin Vladimir , Kharin Viatcheslav V. , Merryfield William J. , Sospedra-Alfonso Reinel , Athanasiadis Panos , Nicoli Dario , Gualdi Silvio , Dunstone Nick , Eade Rosie , Scaife Adam , Collier Mark , O’Kane Terence , Kitsios Vassili , Sandery Paul , Pankatz Klaus , Früh Barbara , Pohlmann Holger , Müller Wolfgang , Kataoka Takahito , Tatebe Hiroaki , Ishii Masayoshi , Imada Yukiko , Kruschke Tim , Koenigk Torben , Karami Mehdi Pasha , Yang Shuting , Tian Tian , Zhang Liping , Delworth Tom , Yang Xiaosong , Zeng Fanrong , Wang Yiguo , Counillon François , Keenlyside Noel , Bethke Ingo , Lean Judith , Luterbacher Jürg , Kolli Rupa Kumar , Kumar Arun
Published: April 2022

As climate change accelerates, societies and climate-sensitive socioeconomic sectors cannot continue to rely on the past as a guide to possible future climate hazards. Operational decadal predictions offer the potential to inform current adaptation and increase resilience by filling the important gap between seasonal forecasts and climate projections. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has recognized this and in 2017 established the WMO Lead Centre for Annual to Decadal Climate Predictions (shortened to “Lead Centre” below), which annually provides a large multimodel ensemble of predictions covering the next 5 years. This international collaboration produces a prediction that is more skillful and useful than any single center can achieve. One of the main outputs of the Lead Centre is the Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update (GADCU), a consensus forecast based on these predictions. This update includes maps showing key variables, discussion on forecast skill, and predictions of climate indices such as the global mean near-surface temperature and Atlantic multidecadal variability. it also estimates the probability of the global mean temperature exceeding 1.5°C above preindustrial levels for at least 1 year in the next 5 years, which helps policy-makers understand how closely the world is approaching this goal of the Paris Agreement. This paper, written by the authors of the GADCU, introduces the GADCU, presents its key outputs, and briefly discusses its role in providing vital climate information for society now and in the future.
Presentence Investigation Reports and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Sentencing
Authors: Monaghan Rory , Konefal Kaitlyn
Published: April 2022

Racial/ethnic disparity in criminal sentencing is a major area of interest in criminal justice research. However, little research has examined the potential importance of the presentence investigation report (PSI) despite its wide-ranging use in criminal justice decision-making from sentencing onward. These reports are typically compiled by a probation officer post-conviction but before sentencing and provide relevant contextual information about offense and offender to aid the sentencing judge’s decision. Using data from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing (PCS) (2006–2016), we examine the association between PSI completion and racial/ethnic disparities in sentencing. Results suggest that PSI completion is associated with more severe sentencing outcomes overall, but findings regarding racial/ethnic disparities are mixed.
Role of helmet ventilation during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic
Authors: Chao Ke-Yun , Wang Jong-Shyan , Liu Wei-Lun
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization; it has affected millions of people and caused hundreds of thousands of deaths. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia may develop acute hypoxia respiratory failure and require noninvasive respiratory support or invasive respiratory management. Healthcare workers have a high risk of contracting COVID-19 while fitting respiratory devices. Recently, European experts have suggested that the use of helmet continuous positive airway pressure should be the first choice for acute hypoxia respiratory failure caused by COVID-19 because it reduces the spread of the virus in the ambient air. By contrast, in the United States, helmets were restricted for respiratory care before the COVID-19 pandemic until the Food and Drug Administration provided the ‘Umbrella Emergency Use Authorization for Ventilators and Ventilator Accessories’. This narrative review provides an evidence-based overview of the use of helmet ventilation for patients with respiratory failure.
Matthew Baillie (1761–1823): From Shotts to Duntisbourne Abbots
Authors: Muqit MMK , Larner AJ
Published: April 2022

Matthew Baillie was born in Shotts, Lanarkshire, Scotland in 1761 and died at Duntisbourne Abbots, Gloucestershire, England in 1823. In the intervening years he established himself as one of the foremost anatomists of his day, publishing one of the earliest treatises on pathological anatomy, and then as physician, eventually ministering to the Royal household and other notable patients and earning a considerable fortune in the process. Amongst his many honours he received an Honorary Fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, where he is commemorated in the frieze in the Great Hall. This article follows the trajectory of his career, introducing material not found in previous biographies.
Influence of the Workload and Years of Experience of Nurses on Hemodialysis Quality Using Korean National Hemodialysis Adequacy Evaluation Data
Authors: Kim Yunmi , Lee Kyounga
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to examine the influence of nurses’ workload and years of experience on the rate of patients with normal calcium–phosphorus products levels and the adequacy evaluation grade of hemodialysis (HD) facilities using 2015 and 2018 national HD adequacy evaluation data. The data of 616 hospital-level outpatient HD facilities were analyzed using multiple linear regression and ordinal logistic regression. A higher rate of nurses with ≥2 years of HD experience was correlated with a higher rate of patients with normal calcium–phosphorus levels. As the average daily number of HD cases per nurse increased, the probability of HD facilities’ receiving the higher adequacy evaluation grade decreased by 83% (odds ratio (OR)=.17, 95% confidence interval (CI)=.14–.22), whereas it increased by 4% as the rate of nurses with ≥2 years of HD experience increased by 1%p (OR=1.04, 95% CI=1.03–1.05). Reducing the nursing workload by maintaining sufficient nurses and increasing the rate of nurses with ≥2 years of HD experience would improve the quality of HD and patient outcomes.
Who Killed Granada? From “the Beautiful” to “the Wounded” City of Falla and Lorca
Authors: Giménez-Rodríguez Francisco J.
Published: April 2022

Two opposed conceptualizations of Granada, shared across poetry, painting (and photography) and music, combined to create a contrasting transmedia soundscape of the city throughout the twentieth century. Granada “the Beautiful” responded to the romantic myth of the city and was rooted mainly in the Alhambra, an Arab palace among the mountains, filled with gardens and water fountains. This idealized image could be heard in Manuel de Falla’s literary and pictorial dream: Noches en los Jardines de España [Nights in the Garden of Spain] (1916), and also appeared in Federico García Lorca’s musical conception of his city (1933). Fifty years later, the democratic transformation of Spain generally led to a punk, poetic deconstruction of the city in Rimado de ciudad [Rhyming from the City] (1983), singing about the margins of the city: Granada “the Wounded”, emerging from the suburbia and from the dark streets of the Arab quarter: the Albaicín.
“I was Born to do This”: Faculty Experiences Teaching Graduate-Level Diversity Courses
Authors: Morgan Melissa L. , Marin Patricia
Published: April 2022

Background

Little research has focused on teaching graduate-level diversity courses, particularly from the faculty standpoint. Such pedagogy calls for unique skills and contains many challenges.

Objective

The purpose of the study was to better understand what works and what is needed to support instructors of graduate-level diversity courses, as well as common challenges that these instructors face.

Method

Using Charmaz’ Constructivist Grounded Theory approach, data from 20 qualitative interviews were analyzed for emergent themes.

Results

Four over-arching themes emerged: (a) Challenges in Teaching the Course, (b) Impact on the Instructor, (c) Coping with Course Challenges, and (d) Feelings about Teaching Multicultural Courses.

Conclusion

Findings suggest the unique nature of graduate-level diversity courses, and the need for resources and support for instructors of such courses.

Teaching Implications

Teaching diversity courses can take a personal and professional toll on the instructor. University systems should be aware of this and support structures and resources for such teaching.
Social Class and Work: A Review and Organizing Framework
Authors: Kish-Gephart Jennifer J. , Moergen Kristie J. N. , Tilton Jacqueline D. , Gray Barbara
Published: April 2022

Over the past decade, the topic of social class in organizations has enjoyed unexpected growth. However, management researchers lack an in-depth understanding of what we know (and do not know) about the role of social class in organizations. This lack of understanding is exacerbated by the fragmentation of extant research across disciplinary and paradigmatic lines. Accordingly, in this paper, we review over 400 quantitative, qualitative, and conceptual articles and offer an in-depth look at the current state of literature on social class and work. Specifically, we introduce a framework for organizing extant social class research and draw attention to the institutionalization of social class distinctions in organizations. We also identify opportunities for scholars to engage understudied areas and to connect across paradigms. Overall, we hope to fuel future research and further organizational scholars’ understanding of this complex yet impactful phenomenon.
“I Have Removed My Ceiling”: Qualitative Experiences of Teachers on Their Professional Development
Authors: Garces-Bacsal Rhoda Myra , Elhoweris Hala , Mohamed Ahmed , Almuhairy Osha , Safi Mohammad , Moustafa Ashraf , Alzyoudi Mohammed
Published: April 2022

Gifted education in the United Arab Emirates is a nascent field that is coming into greater visibility with corresponding governmental and institutional support over the past 15 years. Massive efforts are now being strategically put in place, which includes actively training teachers to meet the government’s aim to prioritize giftedness and innovation at all levels and sectors, so that classroom pedagogies align with said initiatives to support gifted students. However, there is limited information about how teachers perceive the efficacy of the training they have received. This research aims to highlight the voices of teachers who received professional development on teaching the gifted over a 2-year period. Research findings revealed how teachers conceptualized “innovation” in their own teaching practice with the gifted, the participants’ perceptions on program impact, and the challenges faced in implementing what they have learned in their professional development.
Effect of Ramadan fasting on salivary IgA, serum IgA, IL-17, and IL-22 levels
Authors: Soleimanifar Narjes , Assadiasl Sara , Alamolhoda Mohammad Hassan , Nateghpour Mehdi , Arani Mahmoud Motavassel , Sadr Maryam , Mohebbi Bahareh , Mojtahedi Hanieh , Nicknam Mohammad Hossein
Published: April 2022

Background: nutritional factors might affect the number and function of immune cells for instance the production of cytokines and immunoglobulins. Ramadan fasting is intermittent abstinence from eating and drinking for almost four weeks. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the influence of intermittent fasting on serum IgA, salivary IgA (sIgA), interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-22 levels. Methods: 40 healthy men aged 19–29 years were evaluated before and during the fourth week of Ramadan fasting for IgA levels by the nephelometric method as well as salivary IgA (sIgA), IL-17, and IL-22 amounts using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: serum IgA levels reduced significantly at the end of Ramadan fasting (225.8 ± 87 vs. 196 ± 70 mg/dl) (p-value<0.001); however, sIgA amounts did not differ between before and the last week of Ramadan. Serum IL-17 reduced significantly (2.93 ± 1.51 vs. 2.17 ± 1.33 pg/ml) (p-value = 0.006) whereas IL-22 levels remained approximately unchanged. Summary: four weeks of intermittent fasting during Ramadan reduced the serum levels of IgA and IL-17 but did not affect the production of sIgA and IL-22. These findings indicate a limited impact of intermittent fasting on mucosal immunity.
Citizens’ Movement for Democracy and Peace: Mass Mobilisation in Nepal’s People’s Movement II
Authors: Basnet Chudamani
Published: April 2022

Based on interviews with journalists, political party leaders and civil society activists, this article examines and illustrates the strategic capacities of leadership in Nepalese efforts to bolster the movement for democracy. With the help of Bourdieu’s concepts of social, cultural and symbolic capitals, the article provides insights into the crucial role of key individuals as leaders and examines their skilful use of activist synergies to spearhead significant political change in Nepal. The study demonstrates how a seemingly resource-poor movement can nevertheless mobilise the popular masses against an autocratic ruler.
Associations between distress tolerance and posttraumatic stress symptoms among combat veterans and their parents: The mediating role of parents’ accommodation
Authors: Zerach Gadi , Gordon-Shalev Tamar
Published: April 2022

Objective: Combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might negatively impact the mental health of veterans’ family members. Nevertheless, nearly no research has examined secondary PTSD symptoms (PTSS) in veterans’ parents, and still to be explored are the mechanisms by which distress tolerance (DT) contributes to veterans’ PTSS and parents’ secondary PTSS (SPTSS). In the present study, we aimed to use a dyadic approach to explore the association between veterans’ and parents’ DT and their PTSS/SPTSS, as well as to examine the mediating role of parents’ accommodation of veterans’ behaviors in these associations. Method: A volunteer sample of 102 dyads of Israeli combat veterans and their parents responded to online validated self-report questionnaires in a cross-sectional study. Analysis included actor–partner interdependence modeling (APIM) and mediation analyses. Results: Veterans’ PTSS was positively correlated with parents’ SPTSS. Moreover, veterans’ DT and parents’ DT negatively predicted their own PTSS and SPTSS, respectively. Furthermore, veterans’ DT negatively predicted their parents’ SPTSS. Importantly, parents’ accommodation mediated the links between veterans’ DT and both veterans’ PTSS and parents’ SPTSS, as well as between parents’ DT and veterans’ PTSS with parents’ SPTSS. Conclusion: Parents of combat veterans might be indirectly traumatized by their offspring’s military experiences and suffer from secondary PTSS. Among both veterans and parents, low DT is associated with higher levels of parents’ accommodation, which in turn is related to more posttraumatic symptoms.
Management of a severe abdominal compartment complicating fulminant cardiogenic-septic shock: An abdominal arterio-venous single-tube ECMO bypass saved a young patient’s life after OHCA
Authors: Kreutz Julian , Mardini Amar , Schäfer Ann-Christin , Schieffer Bernhard , Markus Birgit
Published: April 2022

Introduction

In severe cardiogenic shock, for example, following cardiac arrest, the implantation of an extracorporeal hemodynamic assist device often seems to be the last option to save a patient’s life. However, even though our guidelines provide a class-IIa-recommendation to implant a veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vaECMO) device in these patients, the accompanying disease- and device-associated complications and their consequences remain challenging to handle.

Case presentation

A 43-year-old patient presented with severe cardiogenic-septic shock with a complicating abdominal compartment due to a prolonged out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). A loss of function of the vaECMO, implanted immediately after admission, impended due to increasing intra-abdominal pressure. This dangerous situation was resolved by crafting an experimental “arterio-venous shunt,” using the side port of the reinfusion (arterial) vaECMO cannula and a downstream large-volume central access in the right femoral vein toward the abdominal venous system, which led to the patient’s full recovery.

Conclusion

In patients with cardiogenic shock, the use of catecholamines and implantation of extracorporeal assist devices alone do not ensure successful therapy. To optimize the outcome, device- and disease-associated complications must also be managed in a timely and minimally invasive procedure.
Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on exercise capacity in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Péran Loic , Beaumont Marc , Le Ber Catherine , Le Mevel Patricia , Berriet Anne Cécile , Nowak Emmanuel , Consigny Maëlys , Couturaud Francis
Published: April 2022

Objective

To compare strengthening by neuromuscular electrical stimulation versus cycle ergometer training during a pulmonary rehabilitation program, in patients with severe to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Design

A prospective randomized controlled study.

Setting

Two inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation centers.

Subjects

Patients with severe to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and multidimensional index to predict risk of death ≥5, were randomly assigned to receive neuromuscular electrical stimulation or cycle ergometer training during pulmonary rehabilitation.

Main measures

The primary endpoint was the change in exercise capacity using 1-min sit-to-stand test Secondary endpoints were the changes in exercise capacity using 6-min walk test, quadriceps strength, quality of life and dyspnea.

Results

102 patients were included. After 3 weeks, 47 patients in the neuromuscular electrical stimulation group, and 45 in the cycle ergometer training group were able to be analyzed. No significant difference was seen in the evolution of exercise capacity using 1-min sit-to-stand test (3.3 ± 3.8 and 2.6 ± 4.1) and 6-min walk test (37.8 ± 58.4 and 33.1 ± 46.7), in the evolution of quadriceps strength and endurance (9.2 ± 12.9 and 6.6 ± 16.1; 9.0 ± 13.2 and 6.2 ± 17.0), in the evolution of quality of life (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire: −11.3 ± 11.7 and −8.1 ± 11.6; COPD Assessment Test: −5.7 ± 7.1 and −4.7 ± 7.0), or in the evolution of dyspnea using Dyspnea 12 (−5.5 ± 10.2 and −5.9 ± 8.5) except using modified medical research council scale (95% confidence interval: 0.48 [0.05; 0.91], p = 0.027).

Conclusion

We found no significant difference between the two programs on exercise capacity, quadriceps strength and quality of life.
Longitudinal lymph node step-sectioning for the identification of metastatic disease in canine mast cell tumor
Authors: Sabattini Silvia , Faroni Eugenio , Renzi Andrea , Ghisoni Giulia , Rigillo Antonella , Bettini Giuliano , Pasquini Arianna , Zanardi Stefano , Guerra Dina , Marconato Laura
Published: April 2022

Lymph node (LN) metastasis in canine mast cell tumor (MCT) can affect prognosis and postsurgical treatment recommendations; however, routine histological single-section examination may underestimate the incidence of metastases. This prospective study aimed at determining whether longitudinal step-sectioning of the entire LN allows for a more reliable detection of metastases. Dogs with MCT undergoing resection of the primary tumor and regional lymphadenectomy were enrolled. Formalin-fixed LNs were bisected longitudinally, both halves were embedded in paraffin and histological sections prepared at 200 μm steps. The nodal mast cells were classified according to the Weishaar classification. First-section evaluation (FSE; ie, examination of the first section obtained from the blocks) and whole LN step-section evaluation (SSE) were compared. Fifty-eight LNs were included. The median number of sections per LN was 6 (range, 3–28). FSE with toluidine blue (TB) revealed 27 (47%) nonmetastatic (HN0), 14 (24%) premetastatic (HN1), 9 (15%) early metastatic (HN2), and 8 (14%) overtly metastatic (HN3) LNs. SSE with TB resulted in upgrading the LN status in 2 cases (HN2 to HN3; HN0 to HN1). Evaluation of the first section plus an additional step-section resulted in 100% accuracy. Compared with SSE with TB, the accuracy of FSE with HE was 98% for HN3 LNs and 74% for HN2 LNs. FSE appears to reliably allow for the detection of LN metastasis in MCT, although examination of a further parallel section at a 200 μm step may increase the accuracy. A metachromatic stain is recommended for the identification of early metastases.
Development of a text message-based headache diary in adolescents and children
Authors: Kellier Danielle J , Marquez de Prado Blanca , Haagen Dana , Grabner Philip , Raj Nichelle R , Lechtenberg Lara , Velasquez Gerardo , Hsu Jesse Y , Farrar John T , Hershey Andrew D , Szperka Christina L
Published: April 2022

Background

International guidelines recommend diaries in migraine trials for prospective collection of headache symptoms. Studies in other patient populations suggest higher adherence with electronic diaries instead of pen-and-paper. This study examines the feasibility of a text message-based (texting) diary for children and adolescents with headache.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of data from a study validating a pediatric scale of treatment expectancy. We developed a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant texting diary collecting headache characteristics, medication use, and disability with 3–5 core daily questions for 4 or 12 weeks depending on headache treatment. Adherence was incentivized.

Results

93 participants consented to the expectancy study. Five participants opted for a paper diary for follow-up. 88 participants chose the texting diary with 28 4-week and 60 12-week participants. Five participants did not complete the enrollment visit. Of those remaining 83, 89% of 4-week and 93% of 12-week participants responded on at least 80% of days. On average, participants fully completed 88% (4-week cohort) and 90% (12-week) of diary entries.

Conclusions

Text messages are a promising method for collecting patient-reported data. Adherence was similar to that reported for paper diaries in other pediatric migraine trials, but time-stamped entries ensure real-time data collection.
Opioid Use After Simple Arthroscopic Knee Surgery
Authors: Scarcella Michael J. , Farrow Lutul D. , Jones Morgan H. , Rosneck James , Briskin Isaac , Spindler Kurt P.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Evidence-based prescribing guidelines are lacking for opioids after most orthopaedic surgical procedures.

Hypothesis:

Opioids are commonly overprescribed after simple knee arthroscopy.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A cohort of 174 patients who underwent simple arthroscopic knee surgery were prospectively evaluated using data from the Outcome Management and Evaluation database. All patients received 10 combined hydrocodone 5 mg and acetaminophen 325 mg pills postoperatively. Patients were excluded if they (1) had revision surgery, (2) had concomitant complex surgery (eg, ligament surgery, osteotomy), (3) had current opioid use, (4) had open surgery for removal of hardware, (5) or had bilateral knee surgery. Total opioid consumption was reported at the first postoperative visit, and a distribution was created based on patient response. Based on the distribution, patients were separated into low (0-2 pills) versus high (3 or more pills) opioid consumption groups for evaluating risk factors for opioid use. The risk factors included were age, body mass index, smoking status, education level, baseline pain (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain subscale [KOOS Pain]), and baseline mental health (Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey Mental Component Score), as well as intraoperative findings such as synovial characteristics and extent of osteoarthritis in the multivariate model.

Results:

Total opioid consumption ranged from 0 to 19 pills. The median pill count was 2 (25th; 75th interquartile range, 0; 4). Of total patients, 59% were categorized as having low opioid consumption, and the remaining 41% were in the high opioid consumption group. Only 23 patients (13.2%) took 6 or more pills. Preoperative pain as measured by KOOS Pain score was a significant predictor of high opioid consumption postoperatively (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99; P = .003).

Conclusion:

The clinically relevant conclusion is that opioids are overprescribed after simple arthroscopic knee surgery. Based on distribution, the authors recommend that 4 pills be prescribed after simple arthroscopic knee surgery. After accounting for confounding variables, preoperative pain was associated with higher postoperative opioid consumption.
Racial and Gender Inequalities in Food, Housing, and Healthcare Insecurity Associated with Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence
Authors: Fedina Lisa , Ashwell Louise , Bright Charlotte , Backes Bethany , Newman Madeleine , Hafner Steven , Rosay Andre B.
Published: April 2022

The costs and consequences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) are well-documented; however, little is known about how experiences of violence are connected to specific economic insecurities including food, healthcare, and housing insecurity among both men and women. This study investigates (1) the prevalence of food, healthcare, and housing insecurity across gender and racial groups exposed to IPV and SV and (2) associations between exposure to past-year IPV and SV and past-year food, healthcare, and housing insecurity controlling for confounding factors. A cross-sectional survey design was used in this study. Data from 2010 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS) were analyzed in a nationally representative sample of men ( N = 8079) and women ( N = 9970). Logistic regressions were used to model associations between past-year intimate partner and sexual violence and dependent variables of food, healthcare, and housing insecurity. Analyses were stratified by gender and included control variables of age, income, education, and race/ethnicity. Higher rates of food, housing, and healthcare insecurity were found among men and women of color exposed to violence, particularly among respondents who identified as Black/African American, Latinx, American Indian/Alaska Native, and other racial/ethnic minority groups. For men, IPV and SV was associated with higher odds for experiencing food ( AOR = 2.40, p <.001), housing ( AOR = 2.06, p <.001), and healthcare insecurity ( AOR = 2.39, p <.001). For women, IPV and SV was also associated with higher odds for experiencing food ( AOR = 2.16, p <.001), housing ( AOR = 1.94, p <.001), and healthcare insecurity ( AOR = 2.38, p <.001). Findings identify specific economic needs among survivors and suggest that the burdens of IPV and SV are not equitably shared across racial/ethnic populations. Findings can inform policy that aims to reduce inequalities in food, housing, and healthcare associated with IPV and SV.
Career Planning and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Students’ Career-Related Worry: Direct and Mediated Pathways
Authors: Kleine Anne-Kathrin , Schmitt Antje , Keller Anita C.
Published: April 2022

The current study seeks to shed light on social-cognitive resources that mitigate master students’ experience of dysfunctional career-related worry before graduation. Based on the career self-management model (CSM; Lent & Brown, 2013 ), we investigate concurrent and time-lagged direct and mediated relationships between career planning, career-related self-efficacy, and career-related worry among a sample of 482 students shortly before graduation. Using data collected at three time points, a negative relationship was found between career planning (T1) and career-related worry (T3) via career-related self-efficacy (T2). Our findings shed light on the role of career planning and career-related self-efficacy as malleable social-cognitive resources that diminish dysfunctional thinking before graduation in sequential order. These findings imply that career planning and career-related self-efficacy are relevant predictors of affective states and can be incorporated into the CSM.
Research of permanent magnetic levitation system: Analysis, control strategy design, and experiment
Authors: Zhao Chuan , Sun Feng , Jin Junjie , Pei Wenzhe , Xu Fangchao , Oka Koichi , Zhang Ming
Published: April 2022

Aiming to realize levitation for a novel permanent magnetic levitation system, this paper proposes a double control strategy. The coupled dynamic model with two subsystems was established at first. According to the analysis of stable levitation, four joint control strategies of air gap length and rotation angle were designed. Then, the controller parameters tuning was implemented utilizing the improved PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm with non-linear inertia weight. At last, step response simulations and experiments were carried out to compare the performance of the proposed four control strategies. Results demonstrate the validity of PSO using for tuning proportional-integral-derivative (PID) parameters. In addition, the parallel double PD controller and cascade double PD controller both have better dynamic performance but more significant steady-state error. When using PID control for the air gap, the error could be eliminated. Compared with the parallel PID-PD control strategy, the cascade control is competitive in terms of 0.03 s rising time, 4.3 s settling time, and 24% peak overshoot.
A finite element formulation for clustered cables with sliding-induced friction
Authors: Bel Hadj Ali Nizar , Aloui Omar , Rhode-Barbarigos Landolf
Published: April 2022

Clustered (continuous) cables reflect an advantageous solution for reducing the number of tensile elements in engineering systems. During the tensioning or activation of tensile structures, such as cable structures, membranes and tensegrity structures, the deficiency of having to control too many elements can be overcome by employing clustered cables. The use of clustered cables has been shown to alter the structural behavior of tensile systems by modifying the force distribution in the systems. This effect has been showcased under the assumption of frictionless sliding of the cable elements across nodes or pulleys. However, friction can have also impact on the behavior of the system. In this paper, a new Finite Element formulation is proposed for the static analysis of tensile structures with clustered cables. The proposed formulation accommodates sliding-induced friction by the consideration of the Euler-Eytelwein equation as well as geometric nonlinearities. It is found that the sliding-induced friction can significantly modify the force distribution in the system. The applicability and importance of the proposed formulation is demonstrated through the analysis of two examples from the literature.
Creating portfolios of firm-specific energy R&D investment under market uncertainty
Authors: Lee Young Gwan , Park Kihyun , Kim Hyun Jae , Cho Seong-Hoon
Published: April 2022

This research determines the optimal distribution of firm-specific energy research and development (R&D) investment that balances firms’ return and risk under market-induced uncertainty. We focus on creating optimal portfolios of target firms and their optimal energy R&D investments that maximize their return on investments (ROIs) for given levels of risk. We employ a stochastic optimization framework that maximizes firms’ ROIs for energy R&D investment, measured by the ratio of the number of patents issued for energy technologies to the amount of annual energy R&D expenditures, for 78 energy firms in South Korea between 2006 and 2017. The findings from our mean-standard deviation tradeoff frontiers are summarized as follows: 1) the tradeoff ratio increases as the weights shift from 100% on maximizing expected ROI toward 100% on minimizing its standard deviation regardless of market conditions and 2) the tradeoff ratio during the downturn is higher than during the upturn. These findings suggest that firms mitigate market-induced risk with a smaller sacrifice in the expected number of issued patents when the initial weight is primarily on maximizing expected ROIs and when the market is experiencing an upturn instead of a downturn. From the distribution patterns of prioritized firms for the two extreme risk preference points along the upturn and downturn tradeoff frontiers, we find that the target firms shift under different market conditions and risk assumptions. These priority shifts highlight the importance of decision-maker flexibility in structuring firms’ portfolios to support energy R&D, depending on the governments’ risk tolerances and market conditions.
Zyne: Growth Pangs in a Commoditized Market
Authors: Gopal Vajjhala Venkata , Muralidharan Harisankar , Rao K S Venugopal , Ch Jyothi
Published: April 2022

Marketing entails challenges. It is even more challenging in developing markets such as India. This case revolves around the challenges faced by a relatively new entrant in the Indian home furnishings market—Zyne. Launched in 2010 and managed by Raman, a third-generation entrepreneur, the case revolves around the opportunities and challenges faced by Zyne and the options it has for effectively positioning itself in the competitive home furnishing market.

The company faces a host of challenges in its quest for expanding its market presence. The market for home furnishings is growing but is highly fragmented, with many small and fringe players in the fray. Zyne must ensure good product quality, competitive pricing, higher promotional expenditures and an effective channel strategy to succeed in such a market. It must also extend its channel reach to more prospective markets. As the market matures, new entrants will enter as the investments needed to enter this market are relatively low, and many companies depend on cheaper imports. The company is at a crossroads and plans to establish itself alongside more established rivals such as Bombay Dyeing. Given the backdrop, Raman, armed with an MBA degree, does not want to let go of the opportunity and wishes to assess three options: (i) enter into alliances with international brands and gain entry into more established retail channels, (ii) review and revamp its distribution network and (iii) enhance investments at point of viewing in retail outlets and train the sales personnel in stores to push the Zyne brand.
Urothelial carcinoma with tonsillar metastasis in a dog
Authors: Mammone Renata M. , Havis Brett , Royal Angela , Donnelly Lindsay L. , Kim Dae Young
Published: April 2022

Given its unusual lymphatic drainage system, the tonsil is a rare site of metastasis, with few reports in the human and veterinary literature. Prognosis in cases of tonsillar metastasis is reportedly poor. We describe here a unique case of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) with metastasis to the tonsil in an 11-y-old, spayed female, mixed-breed dog. At presentation, the patient had a history of a growing neck mass and increasing lethargy, hyporexia, weight loss, drooling, and diarrhea for 2 wk. A carcinoma was diagnosed by cytology. Given the poor prognosis, the patient was euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed masses in the inguinal region, cranioventral neck region including tonsil, and urinary bladder. Histologically, the masses were composed of large polyhedral cells arranged in dense sheets and nests with occasional large, clear, intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Neoplastic cells were multifocally positive for uroplakin III and cytokeratin 8/18 by immunohistochemistry. UC with metastasis to tonsil and lymph nodes was diagnosed.
Interbranch Warfare: Senate Amending Process and Restrictive House Rules
Authors: Madonna Anthony J. , Williamson Ryan D.
Published: April 2022

While the U.S. House and Senate differ in many significant ways, perhaps the most important is the ability of House leaders to control the legislative process through the usage of special rules, which establish the terms of debate on a bill and can limit the number and content of amendments allowed. House members of both the majority and minority party have complained about their recent increased usage. In contrast, the Senate lacks a comparable tool and scholars have reported sharp increases in the number of floor amendments being proposed. In this paper, we examine the increase in proposed floor amendments in the Senate; arguing that, in addition to an increased value from electoral position-taking, the procedures employed in the House influence the floor behavior of senators. Specifically, we find that senators are more likely to offer amendments to bills that were passed under a restrictive rule in the House.
Shapeshifters in Pathology: Paratesticular Solitary Fibrous Tumor Mimicking Leiomyoma
Authors: Hogan Matthew E , Psutka Sarah P. , Liu Yajuan J. , Tretiakova Maria S
Published: April 2022

Solitary fibrous tumors are mesenchymal fibroblastic tumors that were originally described as intrathoracic lesions but have since been found to occur in many other locations. They may rarely occur as paratesticular masses. Here we present a peculiar case of a solitary fibrous tumor arising in the paratesticular region and exhibiting leiomyoma-like morphology. Confirmation of the tumor as a solitary fibrous tumor was achieved by RNA sequencing showing NAB2::STAT6 fusion. Possible explanations for the unusual tumor morphology include entrapment of normal smooth muscle elements and tumor differentiation into smooth muscle type cells.
Avoiding Fifth Metatarsal Intramedullary Screw Head Cuboid Impingement: A Weightbearing Computed Tomography Anatomic Study
Authors: Garcia-Lopez Edgar , Marcaccio Stephen , Beals Timothy C. , Hsu Raymond Y.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Multiple case reports of fifth metatarsal (MT) intramedullary fixation highlight symptomatic hardware with screw head impingement on the cuboid. We developed a fifth MT intramedullary screw trajectory model using weightbearing computed tomography data. The goal was to assess for cuboid impingement with simulated intramedullary screw position,

Methods:

For 20 weightbearing foot computed tomographs (CTs), an automated tool was used to simulate fifth MT screw fixation in the ideal trajectory down the shaft and with a 7-mm screw head. (1) The closest distance from the simulated ideal trajectory to the cuboid in 3 dimensions was measured. A measurement less than 3.5 mm (the radius of the screw head) indicated screw head impingement on the cuboid if not countersunk into the metatarsal. (2) In 3 dimensions, a simulated screw head was then advanced from the proximal tip of the metatarsal distally into the metatarsal until it was entirely avoiding the cuboid.

Results:

In this model, 95% (19/20) of the patients would have cuboid impingement if the screw was not countersunk. The average ideal pin start distance was 0.15 mm (SD 2.4 mm) inside the cuboid. In this cohort, the screw head would have to be countersunk an average of 8.1 mm (SD 2.7 mm) relative to the proximal tip of the metatarsal to avoid cuboid impingement. For all cases, the simulated fluoroscopic oblique view was a reliable indicator of cuboid impingement, demonstrating visible overlapping of the screw with the cuboid. The overlap resolved on the oblique foot view once the screw was sufficiently countersunk, confirmed on 3-dimensional imaging.

Conclusion:

The ideal guidewire placement for fifth MT intramedullary fixation is directly against the cuboid. Approximately 95% of patients would have cuboid impingement if the screw is not countersunk. The oblique fluoroscopic view of the foot is a reliable assessment of screw head impingement on the cuboid.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective study.
Pharmacological profile and potential drug interactions in ovarian cancer hospitalized patients
Authors: Badin Rebeka Caribé , Martins Carolina Souza Machado , Manaças Liliane Rosa Alves
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to identify the main therapeutic classes prescribed to ovarian cancer patients and the potential drug interactions (PDI) during hospitalization. This descriptive retrospective work was carried out in a referral gynecological cancer hospital from the Brazilian public health system. The first 24 h inpatients’ prescriptions were evaluated to obtain the pharmacological profile data. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics were collected through the analysis of electronic medical records. A total of 236 patients were included in the study, of which 154 (65.25%) had PDI, with a mean of 1.43 ± 1.76 interactions per patient. The main therapeutic classes prescribed were analgesics and antiemetics (35%), compatible with the oncologic supportive care. All PDI identified (n = 331) were categorized by severity, using the Micromedex database, resulting in: 1.51% contraindicated, 67.67% major, 24.77% moderate, and 6.04% minor. The more prevalent PDI were ondansetron/tramadol (22.05%) and metoclopramide/tramadol (7.25%), both major. An association between PDI and polypharmacy was observed, which did not occur between age or length of stay. Ongoing prescription review by the pharmaceutical team is necessary to identify, monitor, and manage PDI-related adverse events and carry out required interventions with patients, physicians, and nurses. Taken together the data showed that even in a specialized hospital, the complexity of the pharmacotherapy can cause harm to the ovarian cancer patient. The clinical pharmacist acting in a multidisciplinary team is important for improving patient safety in oncology services.
Error Aversion Versus Error Management: Does Organizational Error Culture Affect Employees’ Customer Orientation?
Authors: Deng Demi Shenrui , Kim Hyun Jeong , Min Hyounae (Kelly) , Murray Jessica C.
Published: April 2022

This study examines how two error cultures (error management and error aversion) influence customer-oriented behavior through negative affectivity and job satisfaction. We collected two samples: one for the error-aversive scale validation ( n = 140) and the other for the conceptual model ( n = 381). All responses are from contact employees working for mid-scale to luxury hotels in a metropolitan city in China. The findings reveal that mid-scale hotels are more error-averse than upscale hotels; upscale and luxury hotels are more inclined to error-management than mid-scale hotels. Further, error strains and error cover-up do not converge as lower-order constructs for error aversion; cover-up appears to be the truly opposite of error management. Cover-up along with strains decreases customer-oriented behavior through negative affectivity. In contrast, error management increases customer orientation through job satisfaction. This study contributes to the literature of organizational error culture by incorporating two opposite error cultures into the proposed model.
Is local knowledge peripheral? The future of Indigenous knowledge in research and development
Authors: Dare Kolawole Oluwatoyin
Published: April 2022

The concepts of the core, semi-periphery, and periphery emanated from a mix of dependency and postmodernist thoughts, which rejected the notion of a Third World from which local knowledge emanates and develops. That local or Indigenous knowledge is perceived as backward and antidevelopment is no longer new. The illogical arguments or enthymemes, the rhizomes, and minor literatures and disruptive narratives continue to threaten the hegemony of the Academy. Although the autochthonous and ambivalent nature of local knowledge appears problematic for finding a methodological coherence for these knowledge systems in the knowledge production frontier, it certainly provides an opportunity for the advocacy of a context-specific approach to addressing development problems. Critical literature review and analysis form the methodological approach of the article. The analysis offers a critique on insider academics and researchers who aid and abet the outsiders’ development agenda, which are problematic for valorizing grassroots peoples’ knowledge.
‘This app can help you change your voice’: Authenticity and authority in mobile applications for transgender voice training
Authors: Ahmed Alex A , Kim Levin , Hoffmann Anna L
Published: April 2022

Mobile applications for transgender voice training seek to help trans people alter their speaking voices, often with the goal of alignment with one or another pole of binary gender expression (i.e., voice ‘feminization’ or ‘masculinization’). These apps offer instruction, audio tools and feedback mechanisms that allow users to record, evaluate and track their progress relative to a desired – and gendered – goal. As with digital technologies generally, however, these apps draw on and reproduce particular ideas of both the needs and capacities of imagined users and broader social and political phenomena – in this case, voice, gender expression and gender transition. In the following paper, we undertake a critical discourse analysis of five mobile voice training apps for transgender people. We find that rather than offering expansive or open-ended conceptions of gender, these apps reproduce ideals of gender as not only binary but also white, affluent and able-bodied. We also offer a critique of the apps’ characterization of transition as reifying the normative authority of clinical and technoscientific knowledge and conditioning ‘authenticity’ on an ability to conform to (racialized, classed and ableist) binary gender norms.
Being Cosmopolitan: Marketing Development Studies in the Neoliberal University
Authors: Patel Kamna
Published: April 2022

This article unpacks how ‘development’ is represented and sold in postgraduate development studies courses at two UK universities, based on a close reading of the course’s marketing materials and interviews with professional marketing staff within the university, academic leads on development studies courses and current development studies students. It explores the effects of development representations on students and their imaginations of the discipline and the university brand. I find representations of development engender a cosmopolitan desire mainly among international students and project a cosmopolitan virtue of the university through its development activities and associations. Contrary to seeing the cosmopolitan as a progressive political concept in a time of globalisation, I contend these cosmopolitan identities are imbued with the racialised legacies of colonial power.