bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Context of substance initiation among urban Native Americans: an exploratory retrospective case-control study
Authors: Guenzel Nicholas , Daisy Dai Hongying , Dean Lyndsay
Published: November 2023

Background

Addiction is a significant problem among many Native American groups but has rarely been examined in urban populations. In particular, little is known about the context in which urban Native Americans first use substances. This study compares cases (people with a history of addiction) to controls (people without a history of addiction) on demographics, substance use history, context of first substance use, and polysubstance use. In addition, this appears to be the first study to overcome the lack of Native American professionals by employing and training lay community members to identify criteria of substance use disorders in survey participants. Employing community members helped foster trust that enabled the revelation of sensitive and often illegal activity. As a result, the investigators were able to recruit participants who likely would not have engaged with traditional researchers.

Methods

The trained Native American lay research assistants recruited community members and administered surveys. They first asked questions regarding the criteria for substance use disorders. Individuals who were determined to have met criteria for a substance use disorder in the past were classified as cases (n = 38) and those who never met such criteria were classified as controls (n = 42). They then asked demographic, substance use, and polysubstance use questions. Lastly, eight cases and eight controls were randomly selected for a second interview by a licensed drug and alcohol counselor (LDAC) who conducted a blinded assessment regarding the presence or absence of a history of a substance use disorder.

Results

Both groups reported a relatively young age of first substance use (age 16 years for cases and age 15 years for controls). Alcohol was the first substance most commonly used in both groups. Controls reported first benzodiazepine use at a younger age than cases but no other significant differences were found. Both groups reported first obtaining their first drug from family, friends, or at home (rather than a party, bar, or store). Most commonly, the location of their first use of drugs occurred at a friend’s home, a party, a bar, or school rather than at their own home. Cases were marginally more likely to report that their first drug use occurred with a friend rather than with a family member when compared with controls. The majority of both groups reported that their first drug use occurred with other Native Americans rather than with non-Native Americans. Polysubstance use was common in both groups (43–45%). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding polysubstance use. The LDAC arrived at the same determination as the trained research assistants on all eight cases and eight controls.
Assessment of Sexual Maturity and Spawning Biology of Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793): Conservation and Reproduction
Authors: Awal Md. Rabiul , Rahman Md. Ashikur , Khanoma Maliha , Islam Md. Saiful , Bhadra Anuradha , Mahmud Yahia
Published: November 2023

The study was conducted in the freshwater station of the Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute in Mymensingh between September 2021 and August 2022. Finding the sex ratio, sexual maturity, LWR, reproductive biology, fecundity, and histological examination of gonads of C. punctata were the main objectives of the present study. The correlation between length and weight was determined by analyzing the power function. Both sexes showed positive allometric growth and the correlation between length and weight was TW= 0.011TL3.09 for males and TW= 0.009TL3.11 for females. The mean condition factor for males was 1.09 (0.89 to 1.24), whereas the mean condition factor for females was 1.12 (0.95 to 1.25). In both cases, the condition factor was more than 1, indicating that the physical condition of both sexes was excellent. Among the 329 samples, 142 (43.16%) were male and 187 (56.84%) were female (male: female = 1: 1.32). The chi-square test showed a significant departure from the 1:1 ratio between the number of males and females within the sample months (df = 1, χ2= 0.01, p=0.05). When they reached first sexual maturity (L50), both sexes were of similar size, as evidenced by their lengths of 14.95 cm. The peak spawning season for both sexes was observed in June and July; however spawning season lasted from April to July.  According to the study results, July was recorded the highest absolute fecundity (23609), while December recorded the lowest (1998).
Ammonized Superphosphate and Liquid Nitrogen-Phosphorus Fertilizer Based on the Decomposition of Washed Dryed Concentrate with a Mixture of Sulfuric and Phosphoric Acids
Authors: Kosimov D. M. , Rasulov A. A. , Namazov Sh. S. , Seitnazarov A. R. , Sultonov B. E.
Published: November 2023

The process of obtaining ammoniated superphosphate and liquid NP-fertilizer by phosphorus-sulphuric acid processing of washed and burned phosphorus concentrate (WBPC) in one cycle were studied. It has been established that at ratios of 100 : 5÷10 : 15 the compositions of ammoniated superphosphate samples are characterized as follows (wt., %): Р2О5total(t.). - 20.60-24.85; Р2О5free - absent; Р2О5acceptable by citric acid(ac.c.a.):Р2О5t. = 91.03-100; Р2О5water.solubility(w.s.). : Р2О5t. = 78.87-96.86; N - 4.20-4.79; pH - 2.95-3.17. The product is mainly from calcium sulfate di- and hemihydrate, mono-ammonium phosphate, mono- and dicalcium phosphate, quartz and activated fluorocarbonate apatite. A liquid NP fertilizer consists of 3.22-4.49% N, 16.92-17.75% P2O5, 2.18-2.86% CaO, 0.09-0.19% MgO, 0.5 -0.6% SO3, 0.10-0.11% Fe2O3, 0.003-0.007% Al2O3, while Р2О5ac.c.a.:Р2О5t. = 97.75-100% and Р2О5w.s.: Р2О5t. = 96.93-100%. The material balance of obtaining ammoniated superphosphate and liquid NP-fertilizer in one cycle is calculated. It has been shown that the ammonization of phosphorus-sulfuric acid phosphate pulp results in the maximum precipitation of insoluble components in the form of complex salts, which ensures the production of a purified liquid complex fertilizer for drip irrigation.
Prevalence of Work-Related Stress and its Associated Factors among Nursing Staff in King Abdallah Complex at Jeddah City
Authors: Al-Shehri Maryam Mohammed , Harazi Nouran , Alhassani Sheikah , Alshahrani Waleed Abdullah , Almzmommi Fawziah , Almalki Ohoud Saad , Qusti Shahad Numan
Published: November 2023

Aim: This study aims to assess the prevalence of work-related stress and its impact on nurses’ work performance at King Abdullah Complex in Jeddah City.

Methods: A cross-sectional- study was conducted using a previously validated questionnaire distributed among nursing staff at King Abdullah Complex in Jeddah City.

Duration of the Study: This study was conducted for some time from September 2022 until August 2023.

Results: From a total of 263 nursing participants, the study findings reported that the prevalence of Work-related stress among nursing staff in the King Abdallah Complex at Jeddah City was 63.7% and most of the nurses feel that their job negatively impacts their physical or emotional health. Many nurses expressed that they have insufficient recognition or rewards for good performance at work.

Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that work-related stress is a pervasive concern among the nursing staff employed at King Abdullah Complex. A considerable percentage of nursing workers have reported encountering different levels of stress within their everyday work settings.
Editorial: Educators as Architects of Engagement of Community
Authors:   Grand Canyon University
Published: November 2023

Since our last issue, we have welcomed two new esteemed members to our editorial board, Dr. Jamie Els and Dr. Aimee Whiteside. Their extensive experience and dedication to the field of scholarly engagement have already proven invaluable as they join us in shaping the direction of the journal. Their fresh perspectives and insights will undoubtedly enrich our discussions and broaden our horizons in the pursuit of scholarly excellence. We are excited as they join an already elite team of scholars, Dr. Laura Cruz, Dr. Jean Mandernach, and Dr. Dalia Sherif.
Improving Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors Among Residents in a Community-Based Residential Recovery Center
Authors:   Washington State University, Behler Amy , Brown Fionnuala ,   Washington State University, Pybus Kylie ,   Washington State University
Published: November 2023

This article provides an example of a university faculty member’s reflective practice on how a sense of community was developed within undergraduate college forensic science classrooms. Through reflective practice, I describe a heartwarming situation I experienced and compare it to the literature to help me better understand my contribution to developing a sense of community amongst my students. After identifying and evaluating possible explanations, I decide a positive learning environment is the main contributing factor and provide recommendations for future practice to help other faculty who are interested in creating a similar environment within their own courses.
CIÚMES NAS VIVÊNCIAS DE HOMENS E MULHERES: CONSIDERAÇÕES CRÍTICAS DO CAMPO PSI
Authors: Guimarães Maisa , Zanello Valeska
Published: November 2023

Questões sobre ciúme são comuns no cotidiano social e nos consultórios psicológicos. Dilemas ciumentos também estão associados com violências sofridas por mulheres em suas relações conjugais. Este artigo objetiva analisar como abordagens teóricas do campo Psi entendem e pesquisam o fenômeno do ciúme. A partir da uma revisão narrativa da literatura, cinco diferentes abordagens Psis são destacadas: psicologia evolucionista; análise do comportamento; teorias sociocognitivas; estudos socioculturais e abordagem psicanalítica. Esse estado da arte contextualizou os campos de teorização, evidenciando o quanto cada enfoque conceitual reflete formas diversas de compreender o fenômeno e a subjetividade, demandando discussões epistemológicas e éticas. Identificou-se os seguintes pontos cruciais para reflexão: associação entre ciúme, traição e preservação da conjugalidade; análise de questões históricas e culturais; e considerações sobre as emocionalidades sob um prisma de gênero.
VISIBILIDADE POST MORTEM: ANÁLISE DO DIREITO AO USO DO NOME SOCIAL NOS REGISTROS DE ÓBITO
Authors: Letícia Silva Pereira Ana , Dias Guimarães Filho Jucario , Brito Marcelo , Cristina Boaventura Siqueira Heidy
Published: November 2023

Este artigo propõe analisar se a inexistência de um campo específico para inclusão de nome social nos registros de óbito de pessoas transexuais fere o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana e direito personalíssimo ao nome, reforçando a invisibilidade post-mortem de quem já foi tão ignorado em vida. O nome da pessoa transpõe a identidade social e incorpora no âmbito subjetivo de ser, estar e pertencer, encontrando garantia constitucional na dignidade da pessoa humana. Assim, depreende-se que o direito ao reconhecimento do nome social ainda que após a morte, na certidão de óbito, contribui para trazer visibilidade as pessoas trans e que a ausência de leis que tratem a respeito do tema revela o conservadorismo presente no Poder Legislativo, estimulando as violências que impossibilitam o acesso de transexuais aos seus direitos básicos.
“PAREM DE NOS MATAR!”: A tipificação do feminicídio na América Latina
Authors: Almeida Gabriela Perissinotto
Published: November 2023

Resenha da obra coletiva "Feminicídio. Quando a desigualdade de gênero mata: mapeamento da Tipificação na América Latina", organizada por Patrícia Tuma Martins Bertolin, Bruna Angotti e Regina Stela Côrrea Vieira e publicada em 2020 pela Editora Unoesc.
LIDERANÇA FEMININA NA GESTÃO PÚBLICA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA UNIVERSIDADE DA INTEGRAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL DA LUSOFONIA AFRO-BRASILEIRA (UNILAB)
Authors: Costa Neila Priscila , Gonçalves Lenira Mendes Monteiro
Published: November 2023

RESUMO
O presente trabalho investigou e discutiu sobre gênero e gestão pública a partir da temática da liderança feminina em uma universidade pública, a Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-brasileira, campus dos Malês, localizada no município baiano de São Francisco do Conde. A pesquisa é qualitativa, ancorada em revisão bibliográfica e em entrevista estruturada. Uma professora que exerce função de diretora no referido campus foi entrevistada, configurando um estudo de caso. Objetivou-se compreender, através de seu relato/narrativa, como acontece a (sub-)representação das mulheres na gestão pública. Para o momento da análise dos dados gerados em entrevista, foram consideradas como categorias analíticas, teto de vidro (labirinto de cristal), também conhecida como segregação vertical, bem como a segregação horizontal. A participante nos convida a pensar que as mulheres estão aptas a exercer cargos de liderança, ainda que a realidade social obstaculize essa empreitada.
 
Palavras-chave: Gênero. Gestão Pública. Liderança Feminina. Instituição de Ensino.
Clinical Research Risks, Climate Change, and Human Health
Authors: D’Souza Jeff , Samuel Gabrielle
Published: November 2023

This Viewpoint discusses ways in which clinical research directly and indirectly contributes to anthropogenic climate change, highlights the need for increased scientific soundness and value in research, and calls for the development of tools for calculating the environmental impact of studies and a strategy for ensuring that research does not compromise the rights and welfare of nonparticipants and future generations.
Video Education in Early Pregnancy and Parent Knowledge of Neonatal Resuscitation Options
Authors: McDonnell Siobhan M. , Flynn Kathryn E. , McIntosh Jennifer J. , Brazauskas Ruta , Kim U. Olivia , Ahamed S. Iqbal , Basir Mir A.
Published: November 2023

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial investigates the proportion of correct answers on neonatal resuscitation options among parents after seeing a video on these options.
Testing for Cytomegalovirus Among Individuals Who Were Immunocompromised, 2018-2022
Authors: Jain Purva , Basnet Sandeep , Syed Sahar , Arakaki Brent , Mues Katherine E. , Marcum Zachary A. , Diaz-Decaro John
Published: November 2023

This cohort study investigates rates of cytomegalovirus testing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals who were immunocompromised.
Promoting Health for Latino Immigrant Families—A Call for Improved Systems and Policies
Authors: Raffa Brittany J. , Montiel Catalina , Cholera Rushina
Published: November 2023

This Viewpoint examines existing systems affecting Latino immigrant families’ access to health care and offers potential policy solutions to promote the health and well-being of Latino immigrant families.
Gel‐Staining Techniques – Dyeing to Know It All
Authors: Mansour née Gauci Victoria J , Noaman Nour , Coorssen Jens R
Published: November 2023

Staining techniques are the primary method for quantitative detection of gel‐resolved proteins. With stain sensitivity defining the extent of total protein detected, staining‐technique enhancements that facilitate increased detection of low‐abundance proteins are constantly sought. Although stains must exhibit high detection sensitivity, they must also be broadly applicable, practical, cost‐effective and compatible with downstream identification techniques. Currently, the most widely utilised in‐gel protein stains are colloidal Coomassie Brilliant Blue and SYPRO Ruby (or slight variants on each). As with any stain, each requires extensive characterisation and rigorous optimisation of protocols to effectively define limits of sensitivity and quantitative capacity. However, the procedures involved in preparing, resolving, imaging and analysing samples can also have significant consequences on quantitative outcomes, and thus must be fully considered in order to facilitate detailed and reproducible analyses (i.e. as required in top‐down proteomics).
Clinical and imaging predictors of late‐onset GM2 gangliosidosis: A scoping review
Authors: Godbole Neha P. , Haxton Elizabeth , Rowe Olivia E. , Locascio Joseph J. , Schmahmann Jeremy D. , Eichler Florian S. , Ratai Eva‐Maria , Stephen Christopher D.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Late‐onset GM2 gangliosidosis (LOGG) subtypes late‐onset Tay‐Sachs (LOTS) and Sandhoff disease (LOSD) are ultra‐rare neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders presenting with weakness, ataxia, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Previous studies considered LOTS and LOSD clinically indistinguishable; recent studies have challenged this. We performed a scoping review to ascertain whether imaging and clinical features may differentiate these diseases.

Methods

We examined MEDLINE/non‐MEDLINE databases up to May 2022. Articles reporting brain imaging findings in genetically/enzymatically confirmed LOGG, symptom onset at age ≥ 10 years (or evaluated at least once ≥18 years) were included, yielding 170 LOGG patients (LOTS = 127, LOSD = 43) across 68 papers. We compared LOTS versus LOSD and performed regression analyses. Results were corrected for multiple comparisons.

Results

Age of onset was lower in LOTS versus LOSD (17.9 ± 8.2 vs. 23.9 ± 14.4 years, p = 0.017), although disease duration was similar (p = 0.34). LOTS more commonly had psychosis/bipolar symptoms (35.0% vs. 9.30%, p = 0.011) but less frequent swallowing problems (4.10% vs. 18.60%, p = 0.041). Cerebellar atrophy was more common in LOTS (89.0%) versus LOSD (60.5%), p < 0.0001, with more severe atrophy in LOTS (p = 0.0005). Brainstem atrophy was documented only in LOTS (14.2%). Independent predictors of LOTS versus LOSD (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) included the presence of psychosis/bipolar symptoms (4.95 [1.59–19.52], p = 0.011), no swallowing symptoms (0.16 [0.036–0.64], p = 0.011), and cerebellar atrophy (5.81 [2.10–17.08], p = 0.0009). Lower age of onset (0.96 [0.93–1.00], p = 0.075) and tremor (2.50 [0.94–7.43], p = 0.078) were marginally statistically significant but felt relevant to include in the model.

Interpretation

These data suggest significant differences in symptomatology, disease course, and imaging findings between LOTS and LOSD.
Long‐Life Lithium‐Metal Batteries with an Ultra‐High‐Nickel Cathode and Electrolytes with Bi‐Anion Activity
Authors: Zhang Xianhui , Cui Zehao , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: November 2023

Anion chemistry in electrolytes can greatly dictate the nature and quality of passivation layers on both cathode and anode surfaces. This will be more significant when it comes to highly reactive Li‐metal anode and aggressive high‐nickel cathodes. Herein, a competitive bi‐anion activity is found in electrolytes with the co‐existence of two anions, which leads to a controlled Li‐salt decomposition kinetics and entirely favorable interphasial chemistry on both Li‐metal anode and ultrahigh‐nickel cathode. The proposed bi‐anion localized high‐concentration electrolytes are demonstrated to exhibit superior electrochemical compatibility toward Li metal and long‐term cycling stabilities under both 4.4 and 4.6 V in Li‐metal batteries with ultrahigh‐nickel cathode. This study sheds fresh light on dendrite‐free Li‐metal anodes and provides guidance to achieve high‐energy‐density batteries.
A Small‐Molecule Polycationic Crosslinker Boosts Alginate‐Based Bioinks for Extrusion Bioprinting
Authors: Gao Chongjian , Tang Lan , Qu Huawei , Wu Mingming , Zhou Tian , Wen Chunyi , Wang Pinpin , Xu Nan , Ruan Changshun
Published: November 2023

The importance of bioink suitability for extrusion bioprinting tissue‐like constructs cannot be overemphasized. Owing to their excellent accessibility, alginate (Alg) ‐based bioinks are widely used. However, the printability accuracy and post‐printing stability of current Alg‐based bioinks remain challenging, especially for large‐size fabrication. Herein, an improvement strategy for pre‐crosslinking and post‐crosslinking of methacrylated Alg (AlgMA) bioinks in extrusion bioprinting is presented via introduction of methacrylated ɛ‐polylysine (ɛ‐PLMA) as a small‐molecule polycationic crosslinker. Due to their electrostatic interaction and covalent bonding, ɛ‐PLMA significantly reinforce the operability and prolong stability of AlgMA bioinks, in comparison with single‐molecule Ca2+ or large‐molecule methacrylated gelatin as pre‐crosslinkers. Meanwhile, attributed to their regulation of a charged microenvironment (−345.25 to 121.55 mV) and hydrophilicity (26.64° to 52.00°), the cells in bioprinted AlgMA/PLMA constructs demonstrated improved viability and vitality. Therefore, such a strategy of introducing small‐molecule cationic crosslinker ɛ‐PLMA is a promising booster for improving Alg‐based extrusion bioprinting, potential to extend its biomedical applications.
Raman Spectroscopy Application in Anisotropic 2D Materials
Authors: Zhao Xun , Li Zhipu , Wu Shiru , Lu Min , Xie Xiaoji , Zhan Da , Yan Jiaxu
Published: November 2023

In recent years, anisotropic 2D materials (black phosphorus, ReS2, WTe2, etc.) have garnered significant attention due to their orientation‐dependent physical and chemical properties, along with their potential applications in micro‐nano device development, such as crystal‐based diodes, polarized light photodetectors, and directional heat transfer. As a practical, quick, and nondestructive characterization tool, Raman spectroscopy, with its unique and unmatched advantages in studying anisotropic materials, plays a crucial role. It enables lattice orientation identification, investigation of structural phase transitions, and examination of anisotropic lattice vibrations, among other aspects. Here, a comprehensive review of recent developments in Raman spectroscopy research on anisotropic materials is provided. To begin, this study introduces the classification of anisotropic materials before delving into the polarized Raman spectroscopy principle. Various research directions of Raman spectroscopy in anisotropic materials are explored, including lattice orientation identification, temperature dependence, interlayer coupling, electron–phonon interaction, thickness dependence, and high‐pressure phase transition. Finally, potential future directions in the field of Raman spectroscopy for anisotropic materials are discussed, and the potential challenges that may arise are addressed.
Lithium Dredging and Capturing Dual‐Gradient Framework Enabling Step‐Packed Deposition for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Pan Jiajie , Shi Kaixiang , Wu Hao , Li Junhao , Zhang Rui , Liu Quanbing , Liang Zhenxing
Published: November 2023

Due to the sterile lithium affinity and poor Li+ regulation ability, lithium metal tends to deposit on the top of substrate materials, which lowers the space utilization and deteriorates the dendrites growth, further increasing the risk of short circuits. It is necessary to guide lithium deposition and adjust Li+ flux at the base of substrate toward alleviating those issues of lithium metal anodes (LMAs). Herein, a dredging and capturing dual‐gradient framework is conveniently fabricated toward inducing the Li+ migration and deposition. The dual‐gradient framework combined with upper Ni3S2 nanowires with lower Li+ migration barrier and bottom Ni2P nanowires with stronger Li affinity, such reasonable distribution of components conquers the ionic concentration gradient to acquire a “step‐packed” lithium deposition mode. Moreover, the in situ formation of Li2S/Li3P‐enriched SEI further promotes Li+ transport to the interior framework. Consequently, a high average Coulombic efficiency of 98% over 230 cycles and a lifespan of 180 h (10 mA cm−2, 5 mAh cm−2) are achieved. The LiFePO4 full cells also exhibit a considerable capacity retention. This work provides a feasible strategy of step‐packing lithium deposition for significant framework design insight to boost practical lithium metal batteries (LMBs) development.
Extending Ring‐Chain Coupling Empirical Law to Lithium‐Mediated Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Li Ya , Wang Zhenkang , Ji Haoqing , Wang Mengfan , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin , Lu Jianmei
Published: November 2023

With its efficient nitrogen fixation kinetics, electrochemical lithium‐mediated nitrogen reduction reaction (LMNRR) holds promise for replacing Haber–Bosch process and realizing sustainable and green ammonia production. However, the general interface problem in lithium electrochemistry seriously impedes the further enhancement of LMNRR performance. Inspired by the development history of lithium battery electrolytes, here, we extend the ring‐chain solvents coupling law to LMNRR system to rationally optimize the interface during the reaction process, achieving nearly a two‐fold Faradaic efficiency up to 54.78±1.60 %. Systematic theoretical simulations and experimental analysis jointly decipher that the anion‐rich Li+ solvation structure derived from ring tetrahydrofuran coupling with chain ether successfully suppresses the excessive passivation of electrolyte decomposition at the reaction interface, thus promoting the mass transfer of active species and enhancing the nitrogen fixation kinetics. This work offers a progressive insight into the electrolyte design of LMNRR system.
Does motivation for practising mindfulness moderate the effects of mindfulness training on stressed adults?
Authors: Moran Megan J. , Miller Reagan L. , Rzonca Addie , Krause Jill , Adams Melanie S. , Rigsby Brock A. , Prince Mark A. , Lucas‐Thompson Rachel G.
Published: November 2023

Background

Mindfulness‐based intervention (MBI) has been associated with positive health outcomes in adults; however, there are important gaps in our knowledge of factors that influence which individuals are more likely to engage with and benefit from these interventions. Research on other types of behavioural interventions suggests that motivation changes over the course of intervention and may moderate attendance and therapeutic outcomes. This study investigated changes in motivation for practising mindfulness across an MBI and associations between baseline motivation and outcomes, to gain a preliminary understanding of the role of motivation in MBI adherence and outcomes.

Methods

In a sample of adults (N = 80) who received an MBI, we characterised change in motivation from pre‐ to postintervention and tested whether baseline motivation predicted change in attendance and outcomes.

Results

We found that some, but not all, dimensions of motivation for practising mindfulness increased and also were associated with attendance and pre–post change stress and emotion regulation.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that there may be potential for optimising MBI through attention to individual differences in motivation and change in motivation over time. The findings justify research with larger sample sizes, control groups and repeated measurements to test the temporal ordering of changes in these outcomes.
Exploring Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase (TLL)‐PdNPs Nanohybrid as Suitable Catalyst for One‐pot Synthesis of Bis(3‐indolyl)phenylmethane
Authors: Santos A. Sofia , Losada‐Garcia Noelia , Garcia‐Sanz Carla , Silva Artur M. S. , Marques M. Manuel B. , Palomo Jose M.
Published: November 2023

Palladium nanohybrids were synthesized and applied to the one‐pot synthesis of bis(3‐indolyl)methanes by selective C−C bond reaction from benzyl alcohol and indole. A T. lanuginosus lipase‐palladium nanoparticles hybrid (Pd@TLL) was synthesized, yielding PdNPs with an average diameter size of 5 nm. This heterogeneous catalyst was first tested in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in different solvents. Then, the direct formation of bis(3‐indolyl)methane, by in situ oxidation and C−C coupling, was successfully evaluated under different conditions, obtaining >99 % conversion at 80 °C in toluene, with a TOF value of 9 min−1 and 89 % in pure water, demonstrating the versatility of these biohybrids.
An Isolable Phosphinogermylyne as a Synthon of One‐Coordinate GeI Radical
Authors: Wang Dongmin , Chen Haonan , He Yuhao , Chen Xiaodan , Zhang Li , Tan Gengwen
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Reduction of chlorogermylene MsFluindtBu‐GeCl 1 with potassium graphite (KC8) afforded putative germylyne radical MsFluindtBu‐Ge 2 as confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. However, it slowly decayed via C—H bond activation at the fluorenyl moiety to yield a bis(germylene) 3 at room temperature. By using a Lewis base to stabilize the unoccupied p orbital at the GeI radical center, acyclic two‐coordinate GeI radicals MsFluindtBu‐Ge(IMe4) 4 (IMe4 = 1,3,4,5‐tetramethyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene), MsFluindtBu‐Ge(IiPr) 5 (IiPr = 1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene), MsFluindtBu‐Ge(PMe3) 6 were isolated in crystalline forms. The unpaired electron in 4—6 mainly resides at the Ge 4p orbital as revealed by EPR spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations. Interestingly, facile ligand exchange of PMe3 in 6 with IMe4 and IiPr was observed to afford 4 and 5, respectively. Moreover, phosphinogermylyne 6 reacted with PhEEPh (E = S, Se), 4‐tetrabutylphenylacetylene (Ar'CCH), [CpMo(CO)3]2 and nBu3SnH to furnish germylenes MsFluindtBu‐GeEPh (E = S 7, Se 8), MsFluindtBu‐GeCH=CHAr’ 9, a germylyne complex MsFluindtBu‐Ge≡Mo(CO)2Cp 10 and a Ge(IV) compound MsFluindtBu‐GeH2SnnBu3 11, respectively. The reactivity studies demonstrate that 6 can act as a synthon of one‐coordinate germylyne radical attributing to labile coordination of trimethylphosphine.
A secure multi‐authority attribute based encryption approach for robust smart grids
Authors: Saidi Ahmed , Amira Abdelouahab , Nouali Omar
Published: November 2023

This paper presents EMBASS, an Enhanced Multi‐Authority Attribute‐Based Encryption System for Smart Grids. EMBASS supports outsourced decryption to devices with limited resources. It also uses a proxy to add fake values to the access policy in order to protect against malicious users. Additionally, a proxy user assistant is utilized to create an intermediate key for each fog node in the decryption process, and a chain decryption technique is used to further delegate the decryption process. The security properties and performance of the proposed system are analyzed, discussed and compared to state of the art approaches. EMBASS has been discussed for usage with smart grids, and experimentation shows that it yields promising results compared to state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
An improved fractional‐order state estimation algorithm based on an unscented particle filter for state of charge estimation of lithium‐ion batteries with adaptive estimations of unknown parameters
Authors: Jiao Zhiyuan , Gao Zhe , Chai Haoyu , Song Dandan
Published: November 2023

An adaptive fractional‐order unscented particle filter (FOUPF) and an adaptive FOUPF with the estimations of the noise covariance matrices (NCMs) are proposed to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in this study. The Grünwald–Letnikov difference is employed to establish the corresponding discrete‐time equation of the fractional‐order system (FOS). The order and SOC of FOS of LIBs are controlled within an appropriate interval by a mapping function. In order to achieve a joint estimation of order and unknown parameters for a FOS, an augmented vector method is applied in this study. Compared with the adaptive fractional‐order unscented Kalman filter and adaptive fractional‐order cubature Kalman filter, the proposed adaptive FOUPF has a higher accuracy for estimating SOC. Besides, an iterative approach that accommodates the NCMs is proposed to improve the estimation accuracy of SOC. Finally, the availability of the proposed algorithms is tested by several experiments.
An improved 0.8Voc model‐based global maximum power point tracking algorithm for photovoltaic system
Authors: Nadeem Ahsan , Ahmed Sher Hadeed , Faisal Murtaza Ali , Ahmed Nisar
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a low‐cost and high‐speed partial shading condition (PSC) detection scheme and global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT) technique are presented. The proposed technique detects the PSC using a low‐cost voltage sensor without setting any threshold parameter. The proposed GMPPT algorithm utilizes the 0.8 model along with the load‐line observation to skip the unwanted interval of – curve. Moreover, in case of dynamic shading, a smart scanning mechanism is used along with the load‐line observation to reduce the voltage iterations which leads to an improvement in tracking speed. The proposed technique is implemented in a Matlab/Simulink environment and compared with the conventional 0.8 method and accurate PSC detection method. The results indicate the following advantages of the proposed algorithm: (1) iteration free and accurate detection of PSC and uniform irradiance condition, (2) enhancement in average tracking time by 67.44% and 69.48%, and (3) improvement in average transient efficiency by 17.36% and 21.25% compared with 0.8 method and accurate PSC detection method. Besides, the experimental results depict that the proposed method enhances the average tracking time by 68.6% and 72.69% and improves the average transient efficiency by 17.62% and 15.06% compared with 0.8 method and accurate PSC detection method, respectively.
Cross‐diffusion effects on the onset of double‐diffusive convection in a rotating vertical heterogeneous porous cylinder with vertical throughflow
Authors: Ali Samah A. , Sibanda Precious , Noreldin Osman A. I. , Rudziva Munyaradzi , Mthethwa Hloniphile Sithole
Published: November 2023

The effects of vertical throughflow, rotation, cross‐diffusion, and vertical heterogeneous permeability on the onset of double‐diffusive convection in a finite vertical porous cylinder have been studied. The fluid in the cylinder is warmed and salted from below with its top and lower walls considered to be isothermal, isosolutal, and permeable. In the model, the Brinkman model was adopted, coupled with the Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation. The normal mode technique is used for linear stability analysis and a single‐term Galerkin method is used to solve the eigenvalue problem. Further, the influence of parameters such as the thermal and solute Rayleigh, Taylor, and the Soret and Dufour numbers on the fluid system instability have been investigated. Among other results, we found that vertical heterogeneity may either stabilize or destabilize a fluid system. The stabilization of the throughflow remains consistent irrespective of the orientation in the absence of a cross‐diffusion effect. The dual effect of throughflow is observed when there are cross‐diffusion effect. We found that increasing the Dufour parameter delays the onset of both stationary and oscillatory convection. The positive Soret number has a stabilizing effect on stationary convection and a destabilizing effect on the oscillatory convection case.
Interval between balloon removal and oxytocin administration in cervical ripening with double‐balloon in singleton pregnancies: An observational study
Authors: Sánchez‐Romero Javier , Ruiz‐Boluda Inmaculada , Juan‐Pérez Almudena , Pérez‐Buendía Judit , Motos‐Garrido Mónica , Blanco‐Carnero José Eliseo , Nieto‐Díaz Aníbal
Published: November 2023

Objective

To analyze the influence of the resting interval after removal of a double‐balloon for cervical ripening and oxytocin administration on the time to onset of active labor in singleton pregnancies.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of women who required a cervical ripening with double‐balloon was conducted between January 2019 and December 2022. We collected data for cervical ripening balloon insertion and removal, oxytocin administration, suspicious or pathological cardiotocographic trace, mode of delivery, maternal and neonatal complications, neonatal outcomes. Proportional hazards model comparing resting interval between double‐balloon cervical ripening removal and oxytocin administration.

Results

A total of 403 singleton pregnancies were recruited and 213 pregnant women experienced a rest of 12 h between cervical balloon removal and oxytocin administration (resting group). Oxytocin was administered immediately after balloon removal in 190 women (non‐resting group). Median insertion‐to‐active labor interval and insertion‐to‐delivery interval were significantly shorter in the non‐resting group: 18.5 versus 24.0 h, HR 2.59 (CI 95%: 1.97–3.41) and 24.0 versus 29.0 h, HR 2.38 (CI 95%: 1.85–3.05) respectively. Bishop score change and mode of delivery between were similar in both groups. No differences in maternal nor neonatal complications between both groups were found.

Conclusions

Oxytocin administration immediately after removal of a double‐balloon for cervical ripening compared with 12 h delayed interval resulted in a shortened time from insertion to active labor onset and to delivery interval without increasing maternal or neonatal adverse outcomes.
Insularity and its impact on stingless bee honey properties: A case study in the Zanzibar Archipelago (Tanzania)
Authors: Noiset Pierre , Ndunda Robert M. , Mokaya Hosea O. , Chege Mary , Ndungu Nelly N. , Sharifu Nassor , Vereecken Nicolas J. , Nkoba Kiatoko
Published: November 2023

Background

Islands are known to host unique flowering plant assemblages visited by insular insects, including by social bees, a phenomenon thought to potentially impact the honey composition and associated medicinal applications. In this study, we characterized several physical–chemical parameters of honey produced by the stingless bee Meliponula (Axestotrigona) ferruginea with samples collected both from continental (Kenya) and insular (Tanzania) ecosystems.

Results

Our results show that stingless bees in islands produce a honey whose composition significantly differs from those produced in the continent, with a significantly higher concentration of bioactive phytochemicals.

Conclusion

Our results illustrate how insularity might drive different and unique compositional profiles in honeys and provide evidence that certain groups of compounds found in stingless bee honey from the Afrotropical region have potential therapeutic benefits with medicinal applications that largely remain to be explored.
Essential Tremor and Essential Tremor Plus Are Essentially Similar Electrophysiologically
Authors: Rajan Roopa , Anandapadmanabhan Reghu , Vishnoi Aayushi , Latorre Anna , Thirugnanasambandam Nivethida , Dipani Alish , Biswas Deblina , Radhakrishnan Divya M. , Srivastava Achal , Bhatia Kailash P.
Published: November 2023

Background

The merits of classifying the heterogeneous group of essential tremors into essential tremor (ET) and essential tremor plus (ETP) are debated.

Objectives

We studied the electrophysiological and spiral characteristics of tremor in ET and ETP.

Methods

We reviewed standardized videos from a tremor database and clinically classified patients into ET, ETP, or dystonic tremor (DT). The following variables were derived from combined tri‐axial accelerometry–surface electromyography (EMG)—peak frequency, total power, peak power, full width half maximum, tremor stability index and EMG‐coherence. We analyzed hand‐drawn spirals to derive mean deviation, tremor variability, inter‐, and intra‐loop widths. We compared these variables among the groups.

Results

We recruited 72 participants (81.9% male) with mean age 47.7 ± 16.1 years and Fahn‐Tolosa‐Marin Tremor Rating Scale total score 31.1 ± 14.1. Patients with ET were younger (P = 0.014) and had less severe tremor (P = 0.020) compared to ETP and DT. In ETP group, 48.6% had subtle dystonia. Peak frequency was greater in ETP (7.3 ± 0.3 Hz) compared to DT (6.1 ± 0.4 Hz;P = 0.024). Peak power was greater in ETP and DT for postural tremor. Rest tremor was recordable on accelerometry in 26.7% of ET. Other variables were similar among the groups.

Conclusion

Electrophysiological evaluation revealed postural tremor of frequency 6 to 7 Hz in ET, ETP, and DT with subtle differences more severe tremor in ETP and DT, and higher frequency in ETP compared to DT. Our findings suggest a similar tremor oscillator in these conditions, supporting the view that these entities are part of a spectrum of tremor disorders, rather than distinct etiological entities.
Conservation laws and variational structure of damped nonlinear wave equations
Authors: Anco Stephen C. , Márquez Almudena P. , Garrido Tamara M. , Gandarias Maria L.
Published: November 2023

All low‐order conservation laws are found for a general class of nonlinear wave equations in one dimension with linear damping which is allowed to be time‐dependent. Such equations arise in numerous physical applications and have attracted much attention in analysis. The conservation laws describe generalized momentum and boost momentum, conformal momentum, generalized energy, dilational energy, and light cone energies. Both the conformal momentum and dilational energy have no counterparts for nonlinear undamped wave equations in one dimension. All of the conservation laws are obtainable through Noether's theorem, which is applicable because the damping term can be transformed into a time‐dependent self‐interaction term by a change of dependent variable. For several of the conservation laws, the corresponding variational symmetries have a novel form which is different than any of the well‐known variational symmetries admitted by nonlinear undamped wave equations in one dimension.
Machine learning‐based peptide‐spectrum match rescoring opens up the immunopeptidome
Authors: Adams Charlotte , Laukens Kris , Bittremieux Wout , Boonen Kurt
Published: November 2023

Immunopeptidomics is a key technology in the discovery of targets for immunotherapy and vaccine development. However, identifying immunopeptides remains challenging due to their non‐tryptic nature, which results in distinct spectral characteristics. Moreover, the absence of strict digestion rules leads to extensive search spaces, further amplified by the incorporation of somatic mutations, pathogen genomes, unannotated open reading frames, and post‐translational modifications. This inflation in search space leads to an increase in random high‐scoring matches, resulting in fewer identifications at a given false discovery rate. Peptide‐spectrum match rescoring has emerged as a machine learning‐based solution to address challenges in mass spectrometry‐based immunopeptidomics data analysis. It involves post‐processing unfiltered spectrum annotations to better distinguish between correct and incorrect peptide‐spectrum matches. Recently, features based on predicted peptidoform properties, including fragment ion intensities, retention time, and collisional cross section, have been used to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of immunopeptide identification. In this review, we describe the diverse bioinformatics pipelines that are currently available for peptide‐spectrum match rescoring and discuss how they can be used for the analysis of immunopeptidomics data. Finally, we provide insights into current and future machine learning solutions to boost immunopeptide identification.
Design and Simulation of a High‐Efficiency CuInS2Thin‐Film Solar Cell with a Thin CIS Current Augmenter
Authors: Zaki Fuad Husain , Mondal Bipanko Kumar , Pappu M. A. Hossain , Abir Ahnaf Tahmid , Hossain Jaker
Published: November 2023

Ternary chalcopyrite compound cupper indium disulfide (CuInS2)‐based photovoltaic cells are designed and numerically computed. In this design, n‐CdS and p++‐MoS2have been used as window and back surface field (BSF) layers, respectively. The modeled n‐CdS/p‐CuInS2/p++‐MoS2device provides power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.6% withJSCof 26.98 mA cm−2,VOCof 1.05 V, and fill factor (FF) of 86.93%. This efficiency is ≈60% higher the than n‐CdS/p‐CuInS2single heterostructure. Furthermore, the use of a second CuInSe2(CIS) absorber layer between CuInS2absorber and MoS2BSF layer significantly enhances the short‐circuit current. As a result, the current expressively improves to 38.48 mA cm−2, yielding an efficiency of 32.4%. The greater built‐in potential in absorber/BSF interface is attributed to the highJSCandVOC, causing the increment of efficiency. Besides, the photon management by Bragg reflector with 90% back and front reflectance recycling effect further increases the PCE to 36.1%. This work indicates the prospects of CuInS2solar cells with a CuInSe2current augmenter and MoS2BSF layers for the fabrication of efficient CuInS2solar cells.
Spin Torque Ferromagnetic Resonance Measurements in a Bulk Rashba System
Authors: Ahn Jeong Ung , Jeon Jeehoon , Cho Seong Won , Lee Suyoun , Lee OukJae , Koo Hyun Cheol
Published: November 2023

While many researchers have focused on the interfacial Rashba effect, bulk Rashba materials have received considerable interest due to their potential to enhance spin–orbit torque (SOT). By utilizing GeTe as a bulk Rashba material in the role of a spin–orbit channel, GeTe/Ni81Fe19 and GeTe/Co40Fe40B20 bilayers are fabricated, and SOTs are investigated using the spin torque ferromagnetic (FM) resonance technique. In this method, damping‐like and field‐like SOTs are extracted individually, excluding thermal effects. Upon analyzing the data, a remarkable field‐like SOT efficiency of 0.40 is obtained from the GeTe/Ni81Fe19 system. This high efficiency is attributed to the enhancement of interfacial spin–orbit coupling through the bulk Rashba effect of the GeTe channel. Moreover, noticeable distinctions in SOTs are observed between the Co40Fe40B20 and Ni81Fe19 interfaces, underscoring the importance of selecting the appropriate FM layer for optimizing SOT efficiency. This study highlights the promising potential of bulk Rashba materials like GeTe in advancing SOT‐based devices.
An approach for live imaging of first cleavage in mouse embryos using fluorescent chemical probes for DNA, microtubules, and microfilaments
Authors: Okabe Motonari , Shirasawa Hiromitsu , Ono Yuki , Goto Mayumi , Iwasawa Takuya , Sakaguchi Taichi , Fujishima Akiko , Onodera Yohei , Makino Kenichi , Miura Hiroshi , Kumazawa Yukiyo , Takahashi Kazumasa , Terada Yukihiro
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Dynamic morphological changes in the chromosome and cytoskeleton occur in mammals and humans during early embryonic development, and abnormalities such as embryonic chromosomal aneuploidy occur when development does not proceed normally. Visualization of the intracellular organelles and cytoskeleton allows elucidation of the development of early mammalian embryos. The behavior of the DNA and cytoskeleton in early mammalian embryos has conventionally been observed by injecting target molecule mRNAs, incorporating a fluorescent substance‐expressing gene, into embryos. In this study, we visualized the chronological behavior of male and female chromosome condensation in mouse embryos, beginning in the two‐pronuclear zygote, through the first division to the two‐cell stage, using fluorescent chemical probes to visualize the behavior of DNA, microtubules, and microfilaments.

Method

Mouse two‐pronuclear stage embryo were immersed in medium containing fluorescent chemical probes to visualize DNA, microtubules, and microfilaments. Observation was performed with a confocal microscope.

Results

This method allowed us to observe how chromosome segregation errors in first somatic cell divisions in mouse embryos and enabled dynamic analysis of a phenomenon called lagging chromosomes.

Conclusions

By applying this method, we can observe any stage of embryonic development, which may provide new insights into embryonic development in other mammals.