bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE APPLICATION OF AN ADAPTIVE SOFT STRUCTURE FOR LIGHTWEIGHT FACADES
Authors: Srisuwan Touchaphong
Published: March 2023

Building façades play an important role in the performance of buildings. They define the architectural aesthetics of buildings and separate the occupied indoor space from the outdoor environment. Historically, façades were considered to be a load-bearing structural element and limited in their functionality and adaptability to environmental changes. The application of bio-inspired strategies to building façades that are derived from principles found in nature offers more flexibility and adaptability to the external environment. This research presents a bio-inspired adaptive façade system that is derived through the biological analysis of a deformability mechanism, namely, turgor-based actuation, found in plant movements. The adaptive prototype module inspired by a nastic movement is composed of two lightweight triangular plates connected to pneumatic artificial muscles that control folding and unfolding of the device by pressurization. Finally, the application of adaptive modules in a building façade is simulated via computational 3D modelling. The simulation analysis shows the possibility of creating a system from numerous modules that can create a rich palette of typologies resulting in a gradient of openings. This could be an appropriate solution for an external shading device or as regulator for air ventilation and light transmission.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF WOODEN RING BEAMS TO THE RESPONSE OF THE ADOBE STRUCTURES
Authors: Christou Petros , Xekalakis Georgios
Published: March 2023

Earthen structures made of adobe bricks are complex systems making the calculation of their behavior difficult, especially when they have to sustain lateral forces such as seismic. This paper presents a numerical investigation for the assessment of the structural response of unreinforced adobe masonry structures and how the installation of wooden ring beams contributes to their resistance. In the framework of the numerical investigation, finite element models were created to simulate the response of an adobe building with and without the implementation of wooden ring beams. The test building is located in Cyprus, in the South Eastern Mediterranean region which is a seismic area. The models were subjected to various earthquakes performing time history analyses for the calculation of pertinent displacements and stresses. The results show that the installation of the wooden ring beams vastly changes the response of the building not only in terms of the magnitude of the displacements and stresses but also their distribution pattern.
FLEXIBILITY IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE DESIGN IN MARGINAL AREAS
Authors: Moscatelli Monica
Published: March 2023

This research focuses on the analysis of Primary Health Care facilities located in rural areas. The health facility for primary care is the minimum unit of a complex system since it can be extended and implemented with other services and functions in the future. The most helpful method to develop the basic health unit in a small hospital will mainly depend on the nature of the expertise area, the living conditions of the community and its particular needs, and the prevalence of specific diseases and socio-cultural conditions. This study adopted a mixed-methods focused on analyzing the literature review of the principles of flexibility and evaluating the design of ten international primary care facilities. The factors that influence the design of the architectural space have been analyzed under three macro requirements: expansibility, versatility, reversibility. These macro aspects have been investigated in three criteria relating to form, space, and structure. The intersection of each case study with the three requirements of expansibility, versatility, and reversibility highlighted the flexibility requirements met. The expansibility requirement was not achieved, as the buildings analyzed were designed as finished units with no possibility of extension in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the architecture of the primary health care facilities during the planning and design phase to accommodate changing needs. Only an integrated approach can make steady progress on social and health care conditions improving community’s needs in marginal areas.
DEVELOPMENT OF URINE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR ITS REUSE APPLICATION
Authors: Kothari Manisha Sukhraj , Manna Rahul , Mistry Ami , Patel Shivangi , Vyas Mihir , Aly Hassan Ashraf
Published: March 2023

Application of treated human urine as flush water is one of the most promising solutions to combat water scarcity. A grown-up human flushes out nearly 1.5-1.8 L of urine per day. However, this small volume is multiplied 10 times by flush water used to flush this urine making it 15-18 L/Capita/Day. Human urine consists of approximately 91-96% (w/w) water and remaining portion is comprised of organics and inorganics mainly urea which is converted to ammonia by bacteria and makes it difficult to store because of obnoxious odor and color. Electrochemical treatment of urine is performed in 2 L lab scale reactor using Ti-RuO2 electrodes and NaCl electrolyte. Various operating parameters like applied current (1-4 Ampere), treatment time (60-240 min), and electrolyte dose (100-400 mg/L) were studied. Analytical parameters tested were ammonical nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), odor, turbidity, free chlorine and color. Results revealed that 69% COD, 88% ammonical nitrogen, 95% color, almost 99% turbidity could be removed in 180 minutes of treatment time by applying 4 Ampere current in presence of 300 mg/L of NaCl dose. Available free chlorine was 137 mg/L at the end of treatment which serves as disinfectant. Moreover, electrochemically treated water does not have any unpleasant odor, which makes it suitable for reusing as flush water. Thus, onsite electrochemical treatment can be proposed to recycle human urine to be used as flush water.
ANALYSIS OF FLOWRATE, SULFATE, AND TOTAL SULFUR PATTERN IN WASTEWATER INLET TANKS FOR HS MANAGEMENT
Authors: SHERIEF MOHSINA MUHAMMED , HASSAN ASHRAF ALY , HAMOUDA MOHAMED , MARAQA MUNJED
Published: March 2023

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a major source of concrete corrosion in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) that causes significant financial losses. Variations in the flow rate and composition of incoming wastewater has significant impact on H2S generation. During anaerobic conditions, sulfur present in excreta and sulfate from rainfall become the source of electron acceptors for the conversion of sulfate to sulfide in wastewater. Sulfide, in turn, is converted to H2S and later to sulfuric acid which leads to concrete corrosion. Flowrate directly relates to the amount of wastewater entering the plant. Hence understanding flow rate pattern will help to analyze H2S generation. Flow rate and H2S concentrations were recorded every two-hours for four days in a wastewater treatment plant. Wastewater samples of 50ml were collected at each sampling event coinciding the recording intervals. Samples were analyzed for sulphate and sulfide concentrations using HACH© kits. Total sulfur was calculated from the collected data. The correlations were analyzed using Minitab©. It was found out that average flow rate was negatively related to average H2S concentration. H2S concentration is higher during night when the flow rate is lower, which is a result of greater resident time. Flowrate changes in a cyclic manner throughout the day. During night, sulfate and total sulfur concentrations are higher, H2S concentration is maximum during this time. It is contrariwise during the day. Sulfate and total sulfide follow a pattern that is similar to that of flowrate. Analyzing these parameters is a critical step in successfully modelling H2S generation.
COLUMN CONFINEMENT WITH TEXTILE-REINFORCED CONCRETE (TRC)
Authors: Polienko Wladislaw , Holschemacher Klaus , von Daake Henning
Published: March 2023

Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is an innovative composite material consisting of a fine-grained concrete matrix and a textile reinforcement. Due to the corrosion-resistant reinforcement, the concrete cover, which is necessary for reinforced concrete constructions, can be reduced. Combining the tensile mechanical properties of carbon fibers with the compressive strength of fine-grained high-strength concrete, TRC can be seen as an efficient alternative to the previous reinforcement and strengthening measures for concrete columns. By confining the column with TRC, the lateral expansion of the concrete can be impeded. The resulting multiaxial compressive stress state allows to enhance the concretes compressive strength. The aim of this study is the investigation of various influences on the achievable strengthening effect. With the help of experiments on TRC, reinforced columns with circular cross-section mechanical property and constraint mechanism under uniaxial compression were documented and analyzed. Based on the test results, stress distribution and failure mechanisms of the reinforced specimens are studied. Furthermore, the load-displacement relationship of strengthened members is investigated. The effect of the ratio of textile reinforcement, section dimension and concrete strength on the ultimate strength of strengthened members is also evaluated.
PROBLEMS AND FAILURE OF ASPHALTIC CONCRETE WEARING SURFACE CAUSED BY TRANSVERSE SAW CUT JOINTS
Authors: Seniwongse Muangsangop , Seniwongse Sinit
Published: March 2023

This paper recommends construction technique for asphaltic concrete wearing surface without using transverse saw cut sealed joints. It points out that the transverse saw cut joints are the problems and causes for the observed failure of asphalt wearing surfaces seen in present day US highways. The paper presents the first observed failure of this type of joints on a 17-km long concrete bridge expressway in Bangkok, Thailand, 40 years ago. Since that lesson learnt, no saw cuts have ever been used on the pavement construction in Thailand with positive results. Presently in the US and elsewhere, saw cut seal joints are still used by some sectors of engineers, despite the observed failure of the asphalt wearing surface all over the country wherever the transverse saw cuts are used. This paper demonstrates the pictures of typical failure seen on actual structures. Pictures of good pavements without using transverse saw cuts are also shown for comparison. Brief discussions of the adverse effects caused by the saw cuts are given.
SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS UNDER SEISMIC LOADS (COMPARATIVE BETWEEN NUMERICAL AND TRADITIONAL PSEUDO-STATIC METHODS)
Authors: Jlilati Mohamad Nazieh , Masri Hiba
Published: March 2023

Slopes are the most geotechnical systems that experience kinetic changes due to the development of human activity and its expansion towards the mountainous areas and to many other reasons. It is necessary to understand the mechanism of its collapse, static balance, and degree of kinetic stability to determine the possibility of establishing projects and predicting displacement that can occur during and after construction. For this purpose, the analysis is varied from traditional to numerical methods. GEOSLOPE is an analytical software. However, PLAXIS Dynamic is a numerical one, so those two programs have been used in the pseudo-static analysis based on Terzaghi Model-ignoring the cyclical loadings that could be developed by an earthquake at Al-Madik Castle in Syria, with many case studies. It has been concluded that numerical methods such as PLAXIS software are more accurate, and it is an effective tool in calculating the static and the dynamic stability coefficient, especially with existence of water, or when estimating the slope response at selected points according to seismic time record.
DECISION SUPPORTING FLOW CHART FOR DISPUTE RESOLUTION
Authors: Quapp Ulrike , Holschemacher Klaus
Published: March 2023

Construction projects usually are susceptible to conflicts because of their complexity. Additionally, the involvement of different stakeholders pursuing different aims and implementing them by different means, often results in disputable situations that must be solved. The existence of several dispute resolution procedures with various advantages and disadvantages makes it difficult to select the most suitable one for solving the particular conflict. Not every method seems appropriate for resolution of each type of dispute. Litigation may take a long time and incurs substantial cost. However, conflict parties seldom choose alternative dispute resolution (ADR) procedures such as adjudication, mediation and conciliation. Based on literature research and the analysis of several surveys, the authors identified a massive knowledge deficit of construction industry regarding the details of ADR procedures. The authors conclude that deeper knowledge about pros and cons of the various dispute resolution methods can help construction companies with their decision for a suitable way of conflict settlement. The paper provides information about a decision supporting chart for choosing the appropriate dispute resolution measure. That decision supporting tool, developed by the authors, primarily shall assist smaller and mid-size construction companies, normally not having easy access to legal advice, in deciding for a dispute resolution strategy.
CURING TEMPERATURES EFFECT ON EXPLOSIVE SPALLING IN ALUMINA CEMENTBASED CONCRETES
Authors: Kudžma Andrius , Plioplys Linas , Antonovič Valentin , Stonys Rimvydas , Gribniak Viktor
Published: March 2023

Alumina cement (AC) based refractory concretes are the primary building materials for steel, cement, glass, ceramics, and chemical industries. Those advanced materials are efficient at high operation temperatures (up to 1500 °C), conforming to thermal shock and mechanical and slag resistance requirements. For these purposes, fine-grade or ultrafine powders partially replace the cement. However, that increases the material density and, depending on the first heating cycle regime, the evaporated steam pressure can cause cracking and even explosive spalling of the concrete. The coarse aggregates and temperature-melting fibers can regulate the water evaporation process—the melted fibers form micro-channels, allowing excessive water removal from the heated material. However, the concrete curing conditions also affect the hydration products’ structure (density) and chemical composition, altering the water removal kinetics from the refractory material. This investigation focuses on the hardening conditions’ effect on the hydration process and explosive spalling resistance of the AC refractory concretes. The research object is the refractory concrete with a 130 MPa target compressive strength and 7wt% of AC. The alternative mixture contains polypropylene fibers (0.1wt%). The cylinder samples were cured at different temperatures, representing “normal” (20 °C), “summer” (35 °C), and “winter” (10 °C) conditions. The test results demonstrate the fiber efficiency in preventing the spalling failure characteristic of the samples produced without fibers. On the other hand, the curing temperature was the essential parameter, affecting the water removal kinetics of the refractory material with fibers—the “winter” concrete samples tend to explosive spalling due to the formed hydrates.
STRENGTH AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF METAKAOLIN-BASED GEOPOLYMER HYBRID MORTAR
Authors: Supit Steve Wilben Macquarie , Olivia Monita , Reza Alfa , Tindoilo Ognerius
Published: March 2023

The utilization of metakaolin in the manufacture of geopolymers as a cement replacement material can be improve several of the physical, mechanical, and resistance properties of mortar in a corrosive environment. This paper presents the characteristics of metakaolin-based geopolymer cement mortar tested for setting time, compressive strength, and corrosion resistance. In this study, cement of the Portland Cement Composite type was added to the mortar mixture with 5% metakaolin forming a metakaolin-based geopolymer hybrid mortar. Three mortar mixes, namely MN (Normal Mortar), MK-100 (100% metakaolin), MK-95 (95% metakaolin and 5% cement), were cast and cured under ambient temperature until the testing days at 3, 7, and 28 days respectively. The alkaline activator ratio (Na2SiO3/NaOH) of 2, water to binder ratio of 0.8 was selected to form metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar specimens and the water binder ratio of 0.5 was selected to mix the cement mortar (MN). The results show that MK-100 and MK-95 exhibited a higher compressive strength than the cement mortar (MN) on all of the testing days. However, MK-95 showed a better performance in terms of corrosion resistance with a lower corrosion rate density compared to the MN and MK-100 mortar specimens. This indicates that the metakaolin-based geopolymer hybrid mortar with a 5% cement mixture can be applied on site as a repair and coating material, particularly for construction in a corrosive environment.
RELIABILITY BASED DESIGN OF GEOTECHNICAL SYSTEMS BASED ON A DECOUPLED RELIABILITY ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION APPROACH
Authors: Wang Qian
Published: March 2023

Reliability-based design intends to design an engineering system subject to probabilistic design constraints. This paper presents a reliability design optimization approach of geotechnical engineering problems based on a decoupled reliability analysis and optimization concept. Geotechnical and foundation systems involve considerable uncertainties in soil properties, loading conditions, and inadequate site characterization. A traditional reliability design optimization method, such as the reliability index approach, requires a double-loop optimization structure, since reliability analysis is implemented for constraint function evaluation using a numerical optimization algorithm. The decoupled approach separates the reliability analyses of the constraint functions from the design optimization loop. An adaptive metamodeling method is proposed to create approximate functions of the reliability indices, so that the reliability design optimization is performed using the approximate functions of the reliability constraints. Radial basis functions are implemented to build the metamodels. To progressively improve the accuracy of predicting the reliability indices, an adaptive sampling technique is employed, so that new samples are added using the optimal points found in previous design iterations. Numerical examples are solved and presented, and the proposed design approach works well. It is shown to be a useful alternative for solving reliability-based design of geotechnical and foundation systems.
APPLICATION OF AHP TO RISK ASSESSMENT OF ASEISMIC CAPACITY OF BUILDINGS
Authors: YI-WEI CHUANG , CHENG-HUAN CHU , FIKRI JULIAN , LI-JENG HUANG
Published: March 2023

This study is proposed to apply the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for risk assessment of aseismic capacity of buildings. A framework of hierarchical structure of risk assessment of a building is proposed, in which target level, major level and sub level are included. In the major level, 4 important influence factors are considered, i.e., earthquake features (EF), geological conditions (GC), structural characteristics (SC), and structural design (SD). In the sub-layer totally 15 influence factors are depicted: epicenter distance (ED), source depth (SD), earthquake magnitude (EM), tsunami potential (TP), soil property (SP), slope angle (SA), liquefaction potential (LP), fault zone (FZ), cracks and defects (CD), crack position (CP), shear resistance (SR), twisting resistance (TR), aseismic apparatus (AA), construction type (CT), and form factors (FF). After pairwise comparison matrices of each layer are constructed and analyzed by AHP, we can obtain the relative risk impact (RRI) for 15 influence factors. Then we establish assessment criteria. Finally, we apply this process to check the validity of AHP for risk assessment of 7 practical cases of buildings during earthquakes based on the overall risk index (ORI), among these cases 4 buildings were destroyed and 3 were safe. The results show that AHP is an efficient, convenient and rapid approach for quantitative risk aseismic capacity of existing buildings subjected to earthquakes.
AN FAHP-BASED QUANTITATIVE METHOD FOR RISK ASSESSMENT OF ASEISMIC CAPACITY OF BUILDINGS
Authors: FIKRI JULIAN , LI-JENG HUANG
Published: March 2023

Risk assessment of aseismic capacity of building using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) is studied. Three layers are involved in the structure of FAHP, the goal layer, criteria layer and sub-criteria layer. In the criteria layer, 4 important influence factors are considered, i.e., earthquake features (EF), geological conditions (GC), structural characteristics (SC), and structural design (SD). In the sub-criteria layer totally 15 influence factors are depicted as those risk assessment employed in AHP. In FAHP, comparison matrices and evaluation vectors are fuzzy numbers to include vagueness of human judgment. In this study both triangular and trapezoidal membership functions will be employed. After analyzed by FAHP and defuzzified, we can obtain the crisp relative risk impact (RRI) for 15 influence factors. Then we establish assessment rules for 15 influence factors. Finally, we apply this process to check the validity of FAHP for risk assessment of 7 practical cases of buildings during earthquakes based on the overall risk index (ORI) and compare the results obtained from AHP. The results show that FAHP is also an efficient and convenient approach for risk aseismic capacity of existing buildings subjected to earthquakes and the prediction is more conservative than using AHP since fuzziness is involved.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CONSTRUCTION METHODS ABOUT SHAKE PREVENTION DUCT STRUCTURES
Authors: Chiba Shoya , Takahashi Osamu , Kato Daichi , Sakatsume Kazuto
Published: March 2023

Experimental studies are carried out on the newly devised method of shake-proof ducts with earthquake resistance, and it is verified whether the method will satisfy the allowable values of the construction guidelines in Japan. Based on the results, the aim is to improve the workability of the new method. The jig was installed on two shake prevention duct structures, fixed, and loaded horizontally. The vertical load was approximately 1kN assuming an actual duct, and the horizontal load was 4.9kN according to the construction guidelines. The interlaminar deformation angle and deflection angle was measured to determine if the allowable values are met. The construction methods about shake prevention duct structures was to install two pillars and connect the duct ring to the pillar with a plate. Bolts ware used to connect the duct ring to the plate and the pillar to the plate. Nine different tests conducted with parameters such as pillar height and cross-sectional standard. For a pillar length of 1500 mm, the allowable value in the Japanese construction guidelines was met, but for a pillar length of 2000 mm or more, it was difficult to meet the allowable horizontal displacement. However, it was possible to meet the allowable value by increasing the pillar cross section, increasing the bolts connecting the pillar to the plate, and reinforcing the base of a pillars.
PROBABILISTIC PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING RC BRIDGE IN A MODERATE SEISMIC ZONE
Authors: Ghazal Homam , Mwafy Aman
Published: March 2023

Observations from previous earthquakes indicated that substandard bridges in different parts of the world could be severely damaged or even suffer a collapse under strong earthquakes. Potential damage to substandard and pre-seismic code bridges can be identified using detailed inelastic assessment procedures, which supports the selection of suitable seismic mitigated approaches. In this study, a five-span simply supported typical bridge located in the UAE, which is selected as a case study representing moderate seismic zones, is investigated numerically for seismic vulnerability. The fiber-based modeling approach adopted in this study is verified using a bridge bent tested in another study using quasi-static cyclic loading experiments. A three-dimensional (3D) model is developed to consider the bridge components' geometric non-linearities and material inelasticity, including multi-column piers, superstructure, gaps, and bearings. A set of diverse input ground motions are selected, scaled, and applied to the bridge model with increasing intensities to develop fragility curves. Lower strength and higher deformation demands are observed in the longitudinal direction of the bridge compared to its transverse counterpart. The fragility analysis also confirmes the higher vulnerability in the longitudinal direction. The study highlights the pressing need for seismic retrofit to ensure the post-earthquake functionality of substandard bridges in the study region.
FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE RECYCLING PLANTS
Authors: Thakur Abhishek , Misra Sudhir , Singh Amarjit
Published: March 2023

The annual construction and demolition (C&D) waste generated in India has been estimated to be 150 million tons. Currently, with only about 16 C&D waste recycling centers in India, with most of them having a capacity less than 500 tons per day, only an estimated 1% waste is recycled, a small proportion of waste is used for filling and levelling, and the rest simply goes to landfills, is left in place, or else dumped by roadsides. It may be noted that though the technology for recycling C&D waste and producing useful products is available, the idea has not really taken off in India. Some entrepreneurs have been forced to abandon their efforts to start recycling plants due to lack of profits and/or absence of policy support and regular customers. This research seeks to formulate a simple model for financial sustainability of C&D waste recycling plants in India and examine it in the context of available data for revenue and expenditure. Data was collected from various reports, research papers, and personal interviews. The study also provides insight into the barriers and possible solutions for improved financial sustainability of such plants and shows that C&D waste recycling can be easily sustainable through simple changes in the overall C&D waste management processes.
When time matters: Mechanisms of change in a mediational model of foreign language playfulness and L2 learners’ emotions using latent change score mediation model
Authors: Kruk Mariusz , Pawlak Mirosław , Taherian Tahereh , Yüce Erkan , Shirvan Majid Elahi , Barabadi Elyas
Published: March 2023

In a dynamic system, time-dependent links between affective factors can provide more information than the level of response within a single isolated system. In the present study, influenced by the positive psychology movement and the complex dynamic systems theory in the domain of second language acquisition, first, we dealt with change in terms of short-term dynamics and long-term trajectories of foreign language enjoyment (FLE), foreign language boredom (FLB), and foreign language playfulness (FLP) in a sample of 636 learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) using univariant latent change score (LCS) models. Then, we explored the developmental processes involved in how changes in FLE and FLP were associated with changes in FLB. In particular, we tested mediation models to see whether the growth of FLP acts as a mediator between FLE and FLB changes in a multivariant LCS mediation (LCSM) model. The findings showed that (a) in a multivariant LCS model, FLE and FLP increases independently predicted decreases in FLB over time and (b) the growth of FLP acted as a mediator between variation in FLE and FLB. Participants showed interindividual and intraindividual divergences in their L2 emotions, not just on the first time of measurement, but also in short-term dynamics and long-term trajectories. The findings facilitate understanding of the complicated mechanism of variation in L2 emotions, thus potentially contributing to enhancement of pedagogical practices and learning outcomes.
Performance analysis of a dual-hop parallel relayed mixed FSO-UWOC system
Authors: Yadav Sarita , Aggarwal Mona , Vats Anshul , Ahuja Swaran
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we propose a dual-hop parallel relayed mixed free space optical-underwater optical communication (FSO-UWOC) system model to setup a high-speed communication link connecting a distant sender located at the lighthouse tower and the receiver inside the deep ocean to transmit and receive the data for the applications such as deep sea exploration, marine life study etc. The proposed model is the setup of multiple parallel cooperative dual hop communication link for the betterment of the overall system performance under the worst case scenarios. The receiver examines the end-to-end signal to noise ratio and a relay is selected which has the maximum SNR. The selected relay then decodes the incoming optical signal through FSO link into its corresponding visible light signal and further transmits it to the underwater exploration devices such as underwater drone via VLC link. The FSO link is modelled by the Gamma-Gamma fading distribution and the VLC link is modelled by Exponential Generalized Gamma distribution. The end-to-end SNR of the system is utilized to derived the outage probability of the FSO-UWOC system and the impact of the individual link parameters is studied and presented for the proposed system model.
On the expression of mistaken beliefs in Australian languages
Authors: McGregor William B.
Published: March 2023

This paper explores the expression of mistaken beliefs – as in for examplethe boy mistakenly believes that the turtle is dead (whereas in fact it is alive)– in the Indigenous languages of Australia. It is shown that some mode of expressing this meaning is attested in around 40% of the languages in a selection of 149 language varieties. In over 90% of the languages showing some mode of expressing the target meaning, it is – or can be – achieved through grammatical morphemes or constructions more or less dedicated to the expression of mistaken beliefs. These include particles, enclitics and various types of complement construction involving verbs of thinking, that frequently also convey meanings of saying, doing and hearing, rarely that specify the thought as mistaken. In just four or five languages, however, the meaning is attested only as a pragmatic implicature of a general statement of belief. To the extent possible given the limitations of the sources, the paper examines the range of meanings and uses of the morphemes/constructions expressing mistaken beliefs.
Metasurface spatial filters for multiple harmonic signals
Authors: Kim Daeik , Nguyen Mai Anh , Byun Gangil , Lee Jongwon
Published: March 2023

Nonlinear frequency mixings have shown an alternative way to create new electromagnetic sources in frequency ranges that are difficult to access with conventional techniques. To simultaneously use the fundamental frequency pump beam and multiple harmonic signals generated in the same channel, a device capable of separating each frequency component is required. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate metasurface-based spatial filters for the pump frequency and multiple harmonic frequencies. The metasurface was designed using eight different split ring resonator-based phase elements with 45° phase spacing, which allows wavefront shaping. The metasurface designed to have a one-dimensional gradient phase array produces cross-polarized reflection waves with different beam steering angles at the third- and fifth-harmonic frequencies (15 and 25 GHz) and operates as a metallic mirror at the fundamental frequency of 5 GHz. Our work suggests a new method to enable simultaneous use of broadband multi-frequency sources based on nonlinear frequency mixing.
Biopolymers as a versatile tool with special emphasis on environmental application
Authors: Palanisamy Suresh Babu
Published: March 2023

Water sources are becoming highly unsuited as potable sources due to the presence of impurities and hazardous chemicals. Although there are many conventional methods available, the development of innovative technologies is essential for the treating and recycling of wastewater. Owing to their unique and excellent qualities, polymers have recently seen extensive use across various industries. By joining the monomeric components covalently, biopolymers resemble a more natural alternative to synthetic polymers. The biopolymer and biopolymer composites integrate into many sections of the treatment process easily, making them effective, affordable, and environmentally beneficial. Due to their distinct features, biopolymers can replace traditional adsorbents. The biopolymers and composites discussed in this chapter are ideal adsorbent materials for eliminating contaminants from the environment. Based on their sources, methods of preparation, and uses, biopolymers, and their composites are categorized. This chapter also includes different research perspectives on biopolymers, especially from an ecological and financial standpoint.
A Learned Map for Places and Concepts in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe
Authors: Herweg Nora A. , Kunz Lukas , Schonhaut Daniel , Brandt Armin , Wanda Paul A. , Sharan Ashwini D. , Sperling Michael R. , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Kahana Michael J.
Published: March 2023

Distinct lines of research in both humans and animals point to a specific role of the hippocampus in both spatial and episodic memory function. The discovery of concept cells in the hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions suggests that the MTL maps physical and semantic spaces with a similar neural architecture. Here, we studied the emergence of such maps using MTL microwire recordings from 20 patients (9 female, 11 male) navigating a virtual environment featuring salient landmarks with established semantic meaning. We present several key findings. The array of local field potentials in the MTL contains sufficient information for above-chance decoding of subjects' instantaneous location in the environment. Closer examination revealed that as subjects gain experience with the environment the field potentials come to represent both the subjects' locations in virtual space and in high-dimensional semantic space. Similarly, we observe a learning effect on temporal sequence coding. Over time, field potentials come to represent future locations, even after controlling for spatial proximity. This predictive coding of future states, more so than the strength of spatial representations per se, is linked to variability in subjects' navigation performance. Our results thus support the conceptualization of the MTL as a memory space, representing both spatial- and nonspatial information to plan future actions and predict their outcomes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUsing rare microwire recordings, we studied the representation of spatial, semantic, and temporal information in the human MTL. Our findings demonstrate that subjects acquire a cognitive map that simultaneously represents the spatial and semantic relations between landmarks. We further show that the same learned representation is used to predict future states, implicating MTL cell assemblies as the building blocks of prospective memory functions.
Providing Chaplain Support to Morally Injured Servicewomen
Authors: Roberts Daniel L.
Published: March 2023

The following article may serve as a learning tool for chaplains who are available to provide care to servicewomen suffering from moral injury. Moral injury occurs when someone experiences, takes part in, or witnesses a traumatic event that violates their deeply held beliefs about truth, justice, or morality. Using a gendered approach rooted in feminist principles and research, the text provides a list of traits and attitudes that effective chaplains possess, five principles of support, and recommendations for how chaplains can enact those concepts in specific counseling situations. The five principles of support are: establish trust, enable storytelling, be empathetic and calm, listen for special themes, and offer alternative perspectives. Together, the principles help create an environment in which a military woman can receive vitalizing pastoral care. The article describes in detail the five special themes of disempowerment, sink holes, guilt and shame, loss of identity, and low self-worth and explains how chaplains can offer alternative perspectives so that a woman client might experience post-traumatic growth and recovery.
Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Events in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Authors: Ali Asghar , Mitchell Brian , Donovan Robert , Patel Sarmath S , Danyi Peter , Giles Hochong , Kang Le , Fuchs Michael , Heuman Douglas , Jovin Ion S
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims: Patients undergoing liver transplantation often have significant cardiovascular risk factors and may experience cardiac-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in this population, and to identify factors predictive of post-transplant cardiac morbidity and mortality.

Methods: We studied 261 patients who underwent liver transplantation at a single Veterans’ Affairs Medical center between 1997 and 2015 to evaluate new cardiovascular events post-transplantation.

Results: The cohort consisted of 261 patients (253 men and 8 women) with a mean age of 58.3 (± 6.5 years), mean model for end-stage liver disease score of 18.0 (±7.2), and mean Framingham risk score of 8.1 (± 4.9). After a median follow-up of 82 months a total of 75 (28.7%) patients died, with 13 deaths (17.3%) attributed to a primary cardiovascular event and 9 (12%) deaths due to a coronary-specific event. Coronary events and/ or the need for revascularization post-transplant occurred in 24 (9.2%) patients. The strongest pre-transplant predictors of mortality were age (p=0.01), Framingham risk score (p=0.01), preexisting coronary artery disease (p=0.01), and preexisting dyslipidemia (p=0.01). The strongest post-transplant predictors of mortality were new-onset hypertension (p=0.01) and new-onset diabetes mellitus (p=0.03) post-transplant.

Conclusions: In this cohort of veterans, coronary artery disease was significantly associated with mortality in the post liver transplantation population; however, the majority of deaths after transplant were attributable to other causes.
Update on the Role of Rifaximin in Digestive Diseases
Authors: Dumitrascu Dan Lucian , Bakulin Igor , Berzigotti Annalisa , Cravo Marília , Gombošová Laura , Lukas Milan , Pietrzak Anna , Remes-Troche José María , Romero-Gómez Manuel , Balmori Mercedes Amieva , Gonçalves Tiago Cúrdia , Hamzaoui Lamine , Juricek Radovan , Moreira Leticia , Neubauer Katarzyna , Surdea-Blaga Teodora , Tikhonov Igor N. , Trna Jan , Ianiro Gianluca , Ponziani Francesca Romana , Gasbarrini Antonio
Published: March 2023

Various environmental factors affecting the human microbiota may lead to gut microbial imbalance and to the development of pathologies. Alterations of gut microbiota have been firmly implicated in digestive diseases such as hepatic encephalopathy, irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. However, while these three conditions may all be related to dysfunction of the gut-liver-brain axis, the precise pathophysiology appears to differ somewhat for each. Herein, current knowledge on the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy, irritable bowel syndrome, and diverticular disease are reviewed, with a special focus on the gut microbiota modulation associated with these disorders during therapy with rifaximin. In general, the evidence for the efficacy of rifaximin in hepatic encephalopathy appears to be well consolidated, although it is less supported for irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. We reviewed current clinical practice for the management of these clinical conditions and underlined the desirability of more real-world studies to fully understand the potential of rifaximin in these clinical situations and obtain even more precise indications for the use of the drug.
Європеїзація системи судового адміністрування в Україні в умовах цифровізації судочинства: сучасний стан та перспективи розвитку
Authors: Бєлова Алла
Published: March 2023

Стаття присвячена аналізу сучасного стану та визначенню перспективних напрямів європеїзації системи судового адміністрування в Україні в умовах розвитку цифровізації судочинства. Обґрунтовано, що цифровізація судочинства – це виклик часу та об’єктивна потреба сьогодення. Вона передбачає впровадження сучасних інформаційних технологій, цифрових нововведень в усіх напрямках діяльності судів, органів та установ системи правосуддя з метою забезпечення доступності, якості та ефективності правосуддя, його єдності, покращення судового адміністрування, підвищення рівня довіри громадськості до суду, зміцнення авторитету судової гілки влади. Маючи суспільну та державну зорієнтованість, оптимізаційний та економічний ефект, цифровізація судочинства формує унікальний технологічний простір та обумовлює надзвичайно важливі умови для успішної європеїзації системи судового адміністрування в Україні, підвищення рівня взаємодії між усіма її суб’єктами, органами державної влади та громадянським суспільством, гармонізації управлінських рішень. Адже, ефективне правосуддя залежить не тільки від процесуальної діяльності, а й від управлінських процесів, що відбуваються в середині судової системи та сприяють реалізації цілей правосуддя і завдань суду.

У статті проаналізовано ряд нормативно-правових актів, спрямованих на розвиток цифровізації в судовій системі України, досліджено сучасний стан та перспективні завдання щодо розробки й поступового впровадження цифрових продуктів у діяльності судів. Виявлено основні організаційно-правові перешкоди на шляху успішної цифрової трансформації судочинства та запропоновано механізми, методи й інструменти для їх усунення.

За результатами проведеного аналізу визначено, що основною передумовою успішної європеїзації системи судового адміністрування в Україні, цифровізації судочинства має стати стабільне фінансування та належне матеріально-технічне й кадрове забезпечення судів, органів та установ системи правосуддя, продуманість, комплексність та системність підходів до цифрових змін.
Зміна парадигми управління закладами освіти в територіальних громадах України на засадах міжсуб’єктної взаємодії
Authors: Гонюкова Лілія , Суржик Марія
Published: March 2023

Авторами статті окреслено важливе питання зміни парадигми управління закладами освіти в територіальних громадах України. Це тісно пов’язано зі зміною повноважень органів місцевого самоврядування у сфері освіти, підготовки управлінських кадрів закладів освіти стати конкурентноспроможними на ринку освітніх послуг в умовах сучасних викликів та загроз.

Органи місцевого самоврядування, на думку авторів, мають забезпечувати відповідну інфраструктуру та кадрову спроможність, що є мінімальними запоруками надання якісних освітніх послуг на місцевому рівні. Новостворені громади створили відділи (управління) освіти, які реалізовують функції щодо розбудови власної мережі закладів освіти, професійної підготовки кадрів управління ними.  Нормативно-правовий каркас децентралізації та освітньої реформи переважно сформовано Законами України «Про освіту», який вступив у силу у вересні 2017 року, «Про добровільне об’єднання територіальних громад», «Концепцією реформування місцевого самоврядування і територіальної організації влади в Україні», схваленою розпорядженням Кабінету Міністрів України № 333-р від 1 квітня 2014 року, та низкою постанов уряду, що сприяє  трансформації системи освіти з національного та регіональний та місцевий рівні України. Такі нововведення потребують зміни парадигми управління закладами освіти в територіальних громадах України,  що продиктовано цінностями та орієнтирами децентралізації і демократизації, відображається у делегуванні функцій державного управління на регіональний та місцевий рівень шляхом утвердження державно-громадського управління на засадах партнерства, міжсуб’єктної взаємодії.

Таким чином, в статті розкриваються проблеми, які пов’язані  з розшириненням повноважень місцевої влади, тенденціями управлінської спроможності новостворених громад, які сьогодні не є досить ефективними.
Metafisika Keterbatasan dan Pluralisme Agama Menurut John Hick
Authors: Purwadi Yohanes Slamet
Published: March 2023

Artikel ini membahas konsep metafisika keterbatasan sebagai basis bagi pluralisme perspektif John Hick. Metode kualitatif jenis study literature digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data diperoleh dari sumber-sumber primer dan sekunder yang relevan dengan topik penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep metafisika keterbatasan memainkan peran penting dalam pemikiran John Hick tentang pluralisme agama. Menurut Hick, keberagaman agama dan keyakinan adalah suatu keniscayaan dalam kondisi keterbatasan manusia dalam mencapai kebenaran yang mutlak. Oleh karena itu, konsep keterbatasan ini menjadi dasar bagi pandangan pluralis Hick. Hick berpendapat bahwa setiap agama memiliki akses terbatas dalam memahami kebenaran mutlak, dan pandangan pluralis mengakui bahwa masing-masing agama memiliki kebenaran dan nilai yang berbeda-beda. Namun, pandangan ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kebenaran mutlak dapat dipahami secara lebih utuh melalui dialog dan pengalaman antaragama. Dalam konteks ini, Hick mengembangkan teori relativitas agama dan mengusulkan bahwa keberagaman agama tidak bertentangan dengan kebenaran mutlak. Sebaliknya, keberagaman agama dapat menjadi jalan menuju pengalaman kebenaran yang lebih dalam dan universal. Kesimpulannya, jurnal ini menyajikan pandangan Hick tentang pluralisme agama berdasarkan konsep metafisika keterbatasan. Studi literature yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa keberagaman agama dan keyakinan dapat dipahami dan dihargai secara lebih baik melalui dialog dan pengalaman antaragama, yang merupakan jalan menuju pemahaman yang lebih utuh tentang kebenaran mutlak.
God in All Things
Authors: Sydnor Jon Paul
Published: March 2023

One divine ontology can account for multiple religious experiences. Specifically, the theological metaphysic of Ramanuja integrates four distinct encounters with the holy. Due to its openness, Ramanuja’s theology resonates with Western panentheism—the belief that God is both within and beyond the material universe. We can experience 1. a personal, transcendent God, 2. a divine humanity, 3. a sacred cosmos, and 4. an awe-inspiring rational order. If the experiencer thinks exclusively, then they may believe that their experience is the only legitimate experience. But if one divine ontology can accommodate the varieties of religious experience, as does Ramanuja’s, then such exclusivism is unnecessary. This article proposes a panentheistic Christian ontology based on the Hindu (Visisitdvaita) theology of Ramanuja that accounts for the four religious experiences listed above. It then provides celebratory examples of each experience in the Hebrew and Christian scriptures, thereby providing biblical support for Visisitdvaita, Christian panentheism. Finally, I argue that Ramanuja’s personalist panentheism better serves Christian faith than impersonalist Platonic Idealism.