bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Academic Self-Efficacy as A Mediator on The Relationship Between Academic Motivation and Academic Achievement of College Students During the Online Learning Period
Authors: Shofiah Vivik , Taruna Rexsy , Asra Yulita Kurniawaty
Published: June 2023

There are limitations to the review of the role of academic self-efficacy as a mediator of the link between academic motivation and academic achievement in students. This study aims to determine the direct, indirect, and total effects of academic self-efficacy as a mediating relationship between academic motivation and achievement. This study used 127 college students and health workers as samples. The profile of academic motivation was measured using the academic motivation scale, and academic self-efficacy was measured using the learning self-efficacy scale. The analysis technique in this study used the Robust Bootstrap Test for Mediation Analysis. This study explained that academic self-efficacy empirically played a role in mediating the relationship between academic motivation and academic achievement (β = .26; p .001; CI: [0.198-0.330]).
Effect of Family-Based Education on Improving Family Health Tasks in Preventing the Transmission of Covid-19
Authors: Meilianingsih Lia , Sari Citra Windani Mambang
Published: June 2023

Background: During the 2020 pandemic, West Java established 4 red zones (where the transmission of Covid-19 was considered high), one of the cities was Cimahi. Based on the data, the accumulation cases was dominated by family clusters, so the government established policies to protect family members from Covid-19 transmission, namely modifying behaviours relating to carrying out activities by implementing health protocols. Consistency in implementing health protocols is way to prevent the transmission of Covid-19. Family-based education also has an important role to socialize and teach family members about health protocols that must be adhered to during the Covid-19 pandemic. The existence of Family-based has been found to improve the implementation of health tasks in the family.Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of family-based education on improving family health tasks in preventing the transmission of Covid-19.Methods: The research design used a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test control group design. The research respondents were 31 families for the intervention group and 31 families for the control group. The sampling technique was proportional random sampling. The educational intervention as provided in 3 meetings. Data analysis used Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney.Results: The results showed that there family-based education had an effect  on increasing family health tasks relation to the prevention of the transmission of Covid-19 because the p-value was 0.000.Conclusions: Therefore, it was recommended that the head of the Public Health and Disease Control program implement family-based education in order to prevent the transmission of Covid 19 within the family and community.
Improving Emotional Control And Activities of Daily Living (ADL) of Patients with Schizophrenia Using Spiritual Mindfulness Through SI-DEPAPU Application
Authors: Dwidiyanti Meidiana , Rahman Ainun Najib Febryna , Cahyaningrum Dessy Dwi , Wijayanti Diyan Yuli
Published: June 2023

Background: Schizophrenia is a major mental health problem in the world that requires more attention. Patients with schizophrenia are at higher risk of poor psychological well-being and violent behaviors as expression of anger and delusion. Mindfulness  alone is considered less efficient so it needs to be developed with technology, as such further technological development regarding its application is needed.Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of spiritual mindfulness intervention through the SI-DEPAPU application on the ability to control anger and perform activities of daily living (ADL) among schizophrenic patients.Methods: This study used a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with a control group. The samples were 60 schizophrenic patients randomly selected and divided into two groups. The intervention group was given four sessions of mindfulness in two weeks through the SI-DEPAPU application. This study used the anger management ability questionnaire developed by Sadipun et al. (2018) to measure the patient's ability to control anger and the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) questionnaire by Wilkinson (2016) to measure ADL. The instrument was tested for its validity among 20 schizophrenic patients with a risk of violent behaviors, and the results were valid and reliable in which the r-count r-table (0.444), the control group was given standard hospital care.Results: The results showed that the patient’s ability to control anger and perform ADL increased with p=0.000 and p=0.005,  (p = 0,000 0,05) respectively. The intervention group had a higher mean score than the control group.Conclusion: Mindfulness spiritual interventions through the SI-DEPAPU application could help schizophrenic patients control anger and increase their ADL.
Health-related quality of life of HIV-infected children in Uyo. Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Megbelayin Fadekemi Folasade , Akpan Mkpouto Udeme , Dixon-Umo Ofonime
Published: June 2023

Background: HIV-infected children are surviving into adolescence and adulthood due to the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) but they now have to cope with living with a chronic disease. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has been shown to be an invaluable tool in assessing health outcome in chronic health conditions including HIV. Little is known about the HRQOL of HIV-infected children in both developing and developed countries. The study aimed at assessing the HRQOL of Nigerian children with HIV infection and compare it with that of healthy children in Uyo.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 211 HIV-infected children aged 2 to 15 years and 211 age, sex and social class-matched HIV-uninfected children with their caregivers was conducted at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo for a duration of nine months from October 2016 to July 2017. A generic version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0) was used to measure their HRQOL.
Results: From both self and proxy reports, there was no significant difference in the mean total HRQOL score of HIV-infected children and that of HIV-uninfected children.
Conclusions: HRQOL of HIV-infected children in Uyo, Akwa Ibom state was good and comparable to that of HIV-uninfected children. Assessment of HRQOL should be incorporated into routine antiretroviral therapy ART programmes as a measure of the outcome of disease management. This will further help to identify needs and direct interventions for holistic care of these vulnerable children.
Efficacy of metformin monotherapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated at Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aloufi Mohammed , Makhlouta Abdullatif , Alsibaee Ahmad , Zaknoun Naim , Aljohani Razan , Mohammed Moneer , Alotaibi Asma , Alahamdi Ghassan , Alkurdi Abdullah A.
Published: June 2023

Background: Metformin monotherapy is the primary therapeutic approach in most cases of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as it is safe, efficient, and is known to lower risks like vascular complications in patients. Previous studies have shown that glycemic control provided by metformin monotherapy is not consistent and needs to be monitored in association with other factors. Due to the complex nature of the disease and other factors like genetic predisposition, ethnicity, and geographic distribution, it is crucial to investigate its effect on the Saudi population. This study aimed to evaluate the glycemic response of metformin monotherapy in individuals with newly diagnosed T2DM who had not previously taken any other medications.
Methods: A retrospective study model was followed to determine metformin monotherapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. The efficacy of the metformin monotherapy was evaluated in the patients who were drug naive and had undergone treatment for six months.
Results: HbA1c levels for our study population (n=136) before and after metformin monotherapy for a period of six months was collected from patient records. The study cohort included both male (n=71) and female (n=67) patients. There was a significant difference in the HbA1c levels of all diabetes patients before (Mean=9.1, SD=2.84) and after (Mean=7.13, SD=1.51) medication; 2-tailed significance p<0.001.
Conclusions: Metformin monotherapy was effective in reducing the HbA1c levels across both genders and all age groups in the present study. These results suggest that metformin monotherapy could be the first line of therapy for newly diagnosed T2DM individuals.
Real-world clinical experience of ticagrelor in Indian patients with acute coronary syndrome after discharge from a tertiary setting
Authors: Jain Dharmendra , Roy Sanjeeb , Srinivasan Baskaran , Kumar Sunil , Wankhede Shaijesh , Revankar Santosh , Birla Ashish
Published: June 2023

Background: To understand the usage pattern of ticagrelor in real-life clinical experience in Indian patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after discharge from a tertiary care setting.
Methods: A retrospective multicentric observational study conducted across Indian healthcare centers having medical records of adult patients with ACS. Patients prescribed with ticagrelor post-discharge for at least 1 month were included. The study endpoints were to determine the clinical effectiveness of ticagrelor in post-ACS patients and adverse events reported during the study period.
Results: A total of 1910 patients with ACS with a mean (SD) age of 58.2 (11.3) years were enrolled in this study. The median (IQR) duration of treatment was 30.0 (30.0-90.0) days. More than half of the patients (n=1115, 58.4%) were managed with interventional therapy. The most common comorbid conditions were type-2 diabetes mellitus (46.9%), followed by hypertension (36.8%). A total of 9.7% of patients reported complaints after treatment with ticagrelor. Among them, weakness, giddiness, and body pain were the most common (3.2%).
Conclusions: This real-world study revealed that ticagrelor had been used widely in patients who underwent different management strategies. History of diabetes and hypertension were the most common risk factors. There were no major adverse events reported during the follow-up, indicating ticagrelor is well-tolerated in Indian patients with ACS.
Mental health and sleep: in COVID positive health care workers in India
Authors: A. V. Ramya , Arun S. , Devi Elsa Sanatombi , Vasanth K.
Published: June 2023

Background: Starting from Wuhan as a local transmission, COVID-19 turned out to be a pandemic affecting the entire global population either as a patient or at least being exposed to the novel corona virus. The present study has been done to see how much working to treat Covid patients has put stress, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance on health care professional after becoming covid positive themselves, essentially their own life at risk.
Methods: This was a prospective observational cross-sectional study done in Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, with ethics approval. Sample size was 145 health care workers who had covid infection. The study comprised of questions from Dass 21 questionnaire and Likert sleep scale.
Results: Mild levels of stress was seen in 16 members (11.03%), moderate stress was seen in 3 members (2.06%). The chi square value was calculated as significant p value of 0.045. Mild anxiety was seen among 13 (8.96%), moderate anxiety seen in 23 (15.86%), severe anxiety was seen in 2 (1.37%), Extremely severe anxiety was seen in 1 individual (0.68%). Mild depression was seen in 12 (8.27%), moderate depression was seen in 14 (9.65%). The quality of sleep was rated on a 10-point scale, 5.5% had reported poor sleep, 53.8% reported moderate sleep disturbance.
Conclusions: This study reveals that mental health issues are possible for medical professionals too and that anxiety needs to be addressed in health professionals too. More so when isolated from their families and friends.
Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis- a hospital-based study in tertiary health care centre in Puducherry, India
Authors: G. Anand Sekar , J. Balachander
Published: June 2023

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex immune-mediated condition. Systemic sclerosis related cardiac pathologies can be detected in an early stage using various imaging techniques. Aim was to study cardiac involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis.
Methods: The present study was carried out as a descriptive hospital-based study of 31 patients with systemic sclerosis above 13 years of age, of either sex or who fulfilled American Rheumatism Association (ARA) diagnostic criteria. A detailed profile of lab investigations and imaging including inflammatory markers, immunological parameters, ECG and ECHO were done. Data analysis was done using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) version 21.0. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Median age of the study patients was 36 years and 90% females. Nearly 19% of the patients were classified as limited, 39% as early diffuse and 42% as late diffuse systemic sclerosis. Rheumatoid factor was positive in 19% of the patients, while antinuclear antibodies (ANA) was positive in all the patients. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was noted in 61%. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was relatively higher in limited SSc patients. Patients with late diffuse SSc had higher RVSP than early diffuse SSc. RV systolic function assessed by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) showed abnormally low value (<18) in five patients.
Conclusions: Considerable proportion of patients with systemic sclerosis present with cardiac involvement. Tissue Doppler imaging can help in diagnosing subclinical RV dysfunction by measuring TEI index of right ventricle, which can predict PAH.
Comparison of safety and efficacy of triamcinolone 40 mg/ml with 10 mg/ml in chalazion
Authors: Ali Araf , Sajjad Sheikh
Published: June 2023

Background: Chalazion is a chronic sterile lipogranuloma caused by the obstruction and inflammation of the sebaceous glands of eyelids. A deep chalazion is caused by inflammation of the tarsal meibomian glands and a superficial chalazion by inflammation of Zeis glands. The main objective of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide of 40mg/ml with 10mg/ml in patients with chalazion.
Methods: A comparative study was conducted at SKIMS MCH from January 2020 to August 2021. 68 patients were randomly divided into group A and group B. There were 32 eyes with chalazion in Group A and 36 eyes with chalazion in Group B. Group A was treated with triamcinolone 40mg/ml and group B with 20mg/ml. The follow-up was done at 1 week, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks.
Results: Of 32 eyes in Group A complete resolution was seen in 28 eyes (87.5%). In Group B out of 36 eyes, complete resolution was seen in 24 eyes (66.6%). Out of 68 patients, 30 were males (44.2%), and 38 were females (55.8%). Complications were marginally more in Group A, 3 patients had yellow white deposits on eyelids and 2 patients had raised intraocular pressure post steroid injection. In Group B, only 2 patients had yellow white deposits on eyelids. The size of the chalazion ranges between 5 to 12 mm. Complete resolution is considered when size reduction >85-90%.
Conclusions: It is concluded that intralesional triamcinolone acetonide of 40mg/ml is more effective than 10mg/ml. Although complications are slightly more in the previous than later, it is the rise in intraocular pressure which is of more concern. Thus proper pre-op workup and monitoring of intraocular pressure in the follow-up period are required.
A cross sectional study on depression among paramedical students in MES Institute of Paramedical Sciences
Authors: Suresh Atul , G. Nandini , Rajeev Krishnaraj , Salim Ashid , P. T. Mohamed Jawad
Published: June 2023

Background: Depression is characterized by persistent sadness and a lack of interest or pleasure in previously rewarding or enjoyable activities. It is very important to identify the factors predisposing to depression among paramedical students. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression and the factors associated with depression among the paramedical students.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among all the 208 paramedical students studying in MES using a predesigned questionnaire along with Beck’s depression inventory tool to identify depression.  Chi-square test and multivariate regression analysis were used to find the association between variables.
Results: The prevalence of depression was found to be 24.5%. 11.54 % of the total study participants have borderline depression, while 10.58%, 1.92% and 0.48 % had moderate, severe and extreme form of depression respectively. Chi square test showed type of family, course of study, smoking habits, traumatic events in the past, bad interpersonal relationship, concern regarding the future were found to be statistically associated with depression. In multivariate analysis, bad interpersonal relationship between friends and family members (OR= 3.13), worrying about the future (OR=6.03) and those who never sought any form of help for mental stress (OR=1.5) were the risk factors identified.
Conclusions: Course selection, type of family they came from, any traumatic events in the past, lack of interpersonal relationship between friends, worrying about the job opportunities after completing the course, not seeking help for mental stress were the factors contributing towards depression.
Evaluation the effect of posterior sub-capsular cataract on the refractive state of eye
Authors: Srivastava Namrata , N. Dwivedi P. , Aswad Syed
Published: June 2023

Background: Cataract refractive errors are caused by cataracts. It can go up to several dioptres (D). Correction of expected refractive errors during cataract surgery by altering the axial length measurement. Determine the effect of posterior sub-capsular cataracts on the eye's refractive status.
Methods: 112 patients with posterior sub-capsular cataracts participated in the study. The most common refractive error found in PSC was astigmatism, followed by myopia. The study was conducted at Angel Eye Institute of Ophthalmology; Kanpur U.P. The refractive status of eyes with posterior sub-capsular cataracts was determined using retinoscopy and subjective refraction. Biometry is done by A-scan and keratometer.
Results: A total of 112 patients were included in this study. Of these, 27 (26.5%) were males and 75 (73.5%) were females. The Patient’s age was about 60 years. The results showed that the refractive errors caused by posterior sub-capsular cataracts were mainly myopic astigmatism (97. 1%) and spherical myopia (2.9%), 0.16SD. The mean value of myopic astigmatism in patients with PSC was (1.7D, 15.7%), 0.93 SD and the mean value of spherical myopia was (0.1 D, 2.9%), 0.67 SD. Mean uncorrected visual acuity was 1 log MAR and 1.6 SD. The mean corrected visual acuity was 0.3 log MAR and 1.2 SD.
Conclusions: The most significant refractive error in PSC was astigmatism, followed by myopia. These findings may help clarify the type of refractive error in patients with PSC and the prediction of ocular vision outcome.
Diagnostic errors in pulmonary hydatid cyst complicated by spontaneous rupture in the bronchus: clinical case presentation
Authors: Nicoalae Dogotari , Igor Ambros , Virginia Negru , Stanislav Babuci
Published: June 2023

Diagnosis and treatment of a pulmonary hydatid cyst complicated by rupture are difficult, especially in cases of late presentation. In this context, the authors report a case of spontaneous rupture of a large pulmonary hydatid cyst diagnosed in a patient 12 years old who was directed to our institution with the preventive diagnosis of a right lung abscess rather late and successfully treated by surgery. The authors conclude that the disease was initially clinically misdiagnosed as a respiratory infection, then a lung abscess, the radiological examination being avoided at the initial stages of the disease. Diagnostic errors impose the need to familiarize physicians with hydatid disease to improve awareness. The padding procedure completed with filling used for resolving residual postechinococcectomy cavities in cases of pulmonary hydatid cyst complicated by rupture is an effective method that allows reducing the postoperative morbidity and the length of hospitalization. However, some pneumofibrotic sequelae associated with changes in pulmonary perfusion persist for a long time after surgery.
Stercoraceous perforation, rare but potentially fatal cause: case report
Authors: Durán Gutiérrez Carlos , Alvarez Rojas Andres Felipe , Rios Muñoz Braulio , Diez Martínez Tana Veronica
Published: June 2023

Stercoraceous perforation is an infrequent pathology but with high mortality rates, it is increasingly recognized as a consequence of chronic constipation, it occurs in elderly people, the diagnosis is a surgical challenge, sudden abdominal pain is the initial symptom associated with signs of peritoneal irritation and the diagnostic study of choice is tomography, the treatment of choice is early surgery, the prognosis is related to the patient's comorbidities. We present the clinical case and review of the subject of a 72-year-old woman who presented stercoraceous perforation secondary to chronic constipation, emergency surgery was performed with resection of the affected bowel, colostomy and Hartmann's pouch with favorable short-term results.
Adrenal ganglioneuroma; a rare neurogenic tumor in a 25-year-old female
Authors: Rana Shweta , Sharma Puja , Garg Shilpa , Gole Sheetal G. , Hasija Sonia
Published: June 2023

Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are rare benign tumors originating from the neural crest tissue. They are characteristically located in the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum; and are rarely found in the adrenal gland. GNs are usually hormonally inactive, and most of the cases are detected incidentally. We report a case of 25-year-old female who presented with pain abdomen in the right upper quadrant. Imaging studies showed a large well defined hypodense lesion with calcification measuring 14.5×11.5×11cm in the region of right adrenal gland and a possibility of adrenocortical carcinoma was suggested. The patient underwent right adrenalectomy and histopathological examination revealed ganglioneuroma. This report emphasizes that GN can be misdiagnosed preoperatively as the presenting symptoms are nonspecific and imaging characteristics are variable. Histopathological examination is the mainstay of diagnosis.
Myxoma of parotid gland: report of a rare case
Authors: Bharadwaj Barasha S. , Suhana Asreen , Sharma Jagannath D. , Deka Muktanjalee , Beso Adahra P. , Kalita Upasana , Goswami Bibhash C.
Published: June 2023

Myxomas of head and neck and especially parotid gland are rare. These insidious soft tissue tumours have obscured pathogenesis, can occur at any age, mostly located in the cheek, palate or floor of mouth. They often present with non- specific symptoms like painless slow growing localised swelling in the cheek or around the jaw. Complete excision remains the mainstay of treatment with rare recurrence, no distant metastases and excellent prognosis. Here we reported a case of right sided parotid gland myxoma in a 37 years old man. There were no specific clinical, laboratory or radiological features. Fine needle aspiration cytology was reported as adenoid cystic carcinoma of right parotid gland. Histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of myxoma. Immunohistochemistry can be helpful, but not necessary to come to a diagnosis.
COVID-19 associated meningoencephalitis or a neuropsychiatric manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus-a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Shrayhans Sipani , Pooja Khosla , Vinus Taneja , Rishikesh Dessai
Published: June 2023

The infection with SARS-CoV-2 is associated with fever and respiratory symptoms but is not limited to respiratory system only. Since its appearance, several neurological symptoms have been reported, most commonly headache and anosmia, as well as less frequent complications such as COVID-19-associated encephalitis and meningitis. In this case report, we report a 40-year-old female recently infected with SARS-CoV-2, who presented with history of high-grade fever, cough, breathlessness 12 days back followed by altered sensorium and restlessness. The patient was also found to have underlying systemic lupus erythematosus which surfaced post-COVID-19 infection. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was done and the patient received IVIG therapy and showed dramatic improvement. SARS-CoV-2 has been implicated in development of autoimmune diseases.
A classic triphasic pleomorphic adenoma of nasal cavity mimicking as malignancy: a rare case report
Authors: R. Surya Narayanan , Pavithra V. S. , Sherin N. Binia , Pooja K. , Sumathi S.
Published: June 2023

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumor of major salivary glands and intra nasal PA is unusual which may be misdiagnosed as malignancy. A 65-year-old female presented with unilateral nasal bleeding and nasal obstruction in right nasal cavity for 6 months. Local examination showed polypoid mass which surgically excised. HPE showed classic triphasic component of epithelial, myoepithelial with cartilaginous stromal elements and pathological diagnosis of PA made. High cellularity of tumor and predominant squamous epithelial component with keratin pearl created diagnostic confusion of malignancy and it confirmed by immune-histochemistry using p63 to demonstrate presence of myoepithelial component. Highlighted this case report for its unusual location and rare triphasic component of tumor tissue with keratin pearl formation which mimic as malignancy.
Knowledge of glaucoma among patients of selected health facilities in Ondo state, Nigeria
Authors: Fasoranti Abimbola B. , Fasoranti Ifedayo O. , Onwuama Mercy , Kareem Abiodun J.
Published: June 2023

Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally hence, the need for individual to acquire knowledge of prevention, control and appropriate management. This study sought to assess the knowledge of glaucoma among patients of selected health facilities in Ondo state, Nigeria.
Methods: This research was a descriptive study. A total of 366 respondents selected randomly from the two health facilities in Ondo-state participated in the research. A self-structured questionnaire was used in collecting relevant data. Data were analyzed and level of significant was at p value 0.05.
Results: Out of a total of 366 respondents, females 216 (59%) dominate, the majority were aged between 21-30 years (20.8%). Above half (51.1%) had tertiary level of education. Participants’ awareness (64.8%) and knowledge (49.7%) of glaucoma was good. Socio-demographic profiles had no relationship with level of knowledge of glaucoma.
Conclusions: The awareness and knowledge about glaucoma was fairly good among the patients in Ondo state. The study findings stress the need to enhance awareness and knowledge through public oriented glaucoma education. Also, appropriate patient education and planning might positively affect the patients’ adherence to glaucoma medications.
Impact of breastfeeding on the intelligence quotient of the children of Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Shahrukh , Fatima Syeda Nayab , Munir Muhammad Arslan , Yousaf Fizza , Kaynat Wajeeha , Ishfaq Maha , Khadim Maida , Khan Tayyab Mumtaz , Abid Junaid , Akram Jehanzeb
Published: June 2023

Background: Breastfeeding impacts the children physical and mental growth and development. The impact of breastfeeding on intelligence quotient (IQ) of children is under-researched in Pakistan. This study aimed to determine the impact of breastfeeding on the intelligence quotient among children of Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Methods: This comparative cross-sectional was performed among 88 children of the Rawalpindi. Patients’ enrolment in the study was done via non-probability convenient sampling and developed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ethical approval and informed consent were taken. Intelligence quotient was calculated through Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC). Data analysis was done via descriptive and inferential statistics by statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 25. Chi square test was used to assess the variables association. P value less than 0.05 was set as statistically significant.
Results: The overall mean score on WISC of intelligence quotient was 106 with SD of ±39, whereas, mean score of intelligence quotient for breastfed children was 112 with SD of ±32 and mean score of intelligence for children who were on formula milk was 100 with SD of ±36. The association between the type of milk and intelligence quotient (p=0.003) and association between duration of breastfeeding and intelligence quotient (p=0.04) was statistically significant.
Conclusions: Children who had been on breastfeeding had better IQ. Furthermore, children who were breastfed for longer duration had even better IQ than children who were on breastfeeding for shorter duration.
Health profile of primary school students: a cross sectional study among urban and rural areas of eastern Haryana
Authors: Singh Mahender , Choudhary Diksha , Tak Himani , Aggarwal Satish Kumar
Published: June 2023

Background: Healthy children are the foundation for a healthy nation and nation’s future depends on the status of the children. School Health Program aims to strengthen health promotion and disease prevention intervention. Objective was to assess the health status of primary school students in urban and rural areas of Panipat, Haryana.
Methods: This school based cross sectional study was conducted in the urban and rural field practice areas of community medicine department, NCMCH, Panipat during February-March 2023. Convenience sampling was adopted to select primary schools from 1st to 5th standard. A semi-structured proforma was used to record information regarding anthropometric measurements, physical examination, clinical findings etc.
Results: Total 261 primary school students were examined. Most common morbidity identified was ENT problems (ear wax, ear discharge) in both urban (80%) and rural (50%) students. Poor personal hygiene was observed in 1/5th students. Skin problems, refractory errors, micronutrient deficiency and respiratory problems were also identified. Difference between the nutritional status in urban and rural students was found to be statistically significant.
Conclusions: The common health problems found in children such as ear discharge, anaemia, poor personal hygiene and undernutrition can be addressed with implementation of school health programme in effective way.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity and its epidemiological determinant: a cross sectional study, in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Wagh Sanjay V. , Solanke Gopalsing N. , Mishra Amrit , Rao K. Mahesh Prasad
Published: June 2023

Background: India has >135 millions obese individual at present. Overweight and obesity are fifth leading cause of global deaths. This study was undertaken to study prevalence of obesity and overweight and to find out predictors for obesity.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among adult individuals (aged 18-55 years) belonging to Akola district of Maharashtra during July 2022 to December 2022. The study was a hospital based undertaken in the Nutritional OPD under the community medicine department, Government Medical College Akola.
Results: Maximum respondent were male 205 (64.5%) Overall prevalence obesity 108 (34%) with maximum number of male 76 (24%) and very less females 32 (10%). However overall prevalence of overweight was 58 (18%) in the study population out of which 44 (13.8%) were male and 14 (4.2%) were females. Prevalence of obesity increases with age, in the present study 19% prevalence were seen in 36-55 years age group. Overall respondents from upper class as per (modified BG Prasad classification) were 153 (48.25%) among which 59 (19%) were more obese as compare upper middle, and middle class. 28 (9%), 10 (1%) respectively. This difference was found statically significant (χ²; p value= 0.01 and 0.002).
Conclusions: Suitable health care strategy and intervention programs along with health education is needed to reduce the impact.
Effect of climate change on road traffic accidents in the UAE: a narrative review
Authors: Ambanattu Ewan T. , Umar Abdurrahman C. , Akolaa Ethel A. , Sreejith Anusha , Sreedharan Jayadevan , Muttappallymyalil Jayakumary
Published: June 2023

Road traffic accidents (RTA) is a major cause of death and disability all over the world. It is the leading cause of death in children and young adults aged 5-29 years.   Worldwide, it is a growing public health concern as, approximately, 1.3 million people die every year due to RTA. It is also taxing on a country’s GDP as at least 3% of the GDP is spent on RTA’s annually. In 2020, there were 3.14 deaths per 100,000 in the UAE and this number increased by 20% in 2021. It also happens to be the second highest cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. There are many factors like speeding, driving under the influence, distracted driving, nonuse of seatbelts etc. which can cause accidents. Weather phenomenon is an overlooked factor which can cause an increase in the number of RTAs. Climate change has resulted in a global increase of temperature and an increase in weird weather phenomenon like increased rainfall, fog, smog, snowfall etc. Very limited studies have been conducted to see the relationship between the two and none have been conducted in the UAE. This review was done based on articles selected from PubMed and SpringerLink, to see whether the results could be applicable in this region. In countries like Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, increased rainfall and fog has resulted in an increase in the number of fatal accidents whereas in the USA, it was observed that the warmer temperatures have resulted in a higher number of fatal accidents. Hence, there is a need to assess the impact of climate change on RTA.
Coal miner's day in India: a reflection on health risks and legislation
Authors: Sahanaa Chandar , Murugan Yuvaraja
Published: June 2023

Coal mining is a hazardous profession in India that exposes workers to a range of health risks, including respiratory diseases, skin disorders, hearing loss, and injuries. The coal miner's day, observed on May 4th every year, commemorates the hard work and sacrifices of coal miners. The mines act, 1952, and its associated regulations mandate the provision of medical facilities, safety and health measures, and rescue stations and trained personnel for the rescue of workers. The coal mines (Conservation and development) act, 1974, mandates the conservation of coal resources and the development of coal mines while ensuring the safety and health of workers. However, the implementation of these laws has been inadequate in many cases, leading to a high prevalence of occupational diseases among coal miners. The lack of proper implementation of safety and health regulations has been identified as a key factor contributing to the high prevalence of occupational diseases. Additionally, the existing regulations do not address the specific safety and health issues associated with the use of automation and robotics in mining. To safeguard the health and safety of coal miners, more efforts are needed to ensure the effective implementation of these laws and to provide adequate medical support and rehabilitation services. Prioritizing the health and well-being of coal miners can pay tribute to their contribution to society while promoting a safer and healthier workplace for all.
Timing of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and its effect on associated chondral damage and meniscal injury: a prospective observational study
Authors: Patra Saroj Kumar , Unnava Nikhil , Patro Bishnu Prasad , Mohanty Sarthak
Published: June 2023

Background: Following an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, associated injuries in the knee involving menisci and articular cartilage increase with time. This study was performed to assess the distribution of secondary injuries after an ACL tear with time and identify a suitable timing for the reconstruction surgery.
Methods: 74 patients with an ACL tear were divided into three groups based on time since injury- less than six months, six months to one year, and greater than one year. The odds of finding each lesion in every group were calculated and tested for statistical significance. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were drawn to predict individual lesions with time since injury. The diagnostic performance and statistical significance of these tests were identified.
Results: The odds of finding all lesions were greater than one after a year of ACL tear but only chondral damage was statistically significant (p=0.025). Poor diagnostic accuracy was observed for medial meniscal injury even after three years of an ACL tear. Chondral injury showed a good area under the curve (0.817) which predicted chondral damage with a sensitivity of 62% at a cut-off of three years after the ACL injury.
Conclusions: After three years of ACL tear, meniscal injuries could not be accurately predicted. However, a significant rise in chondral injuries could be seen and predicted accurately with good sensitivity. There could be a role of MRI or arthroscopy to assess the extent of injury of articular cartilage in patients who do not undergo ACL reconstruction after this time.
A case report on the rare presentation of aneurysmal bone cyst on proximal radius with management
Authors: Singh Mohit , Deb Sudip , Uppal Sachit , Dagar Munish , Arunima
Published: June 2023

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a non-neoplastic vaso-cystic tumor of the second decade. A 16-year-old male patient presented to the outpatient department with gradual dull aching pain and progressive increasing swelling, which was localized to right lateral elbow and upper part of the forearm. There was no restriction in the range of motion. After getting an x-ray, a lytic lesion is found at the proximal radius. MRI and cytology, are both investigations done to confirm the diagnosis. Two injections of 10 ml polidocanol (3%) were administered percutaneously two months apart under the guidance of an image intensifier. After one year X-ray showed marked sclerotic, however, the tumor size remained almost the same. Although ABC is a non-aggressive benign lesion. ABC responds to treatment very well. recurrence is also common. Proximal radius is a less common site for ABC and the case report suggests that it is curable. We found no recurrence. Treatment with polidocanol is less expensive, less morbid, has a good functional outcome, early discharge from the hospital, and highly effective.
Median nerve entrapment in surgical scar: a rare complication in volar plating of fractures of distal end radius
Authors: Vidyarthi Ashok , Sirsikar Ashish , Turkar Rajesh , Sharma Tushar
Published: June 2023

A 25-year-old male presented to our OPD with pain and swelling of right wrist following trauma by RTA. X ray showed comminuted intraarticular fracture distal end radius (R) and confirmed with 3D CT. Patient was operated 15 days later with plate osteosynthesis using a 3-hole Elli’s T plate. The patient presented with complaints of numbness and tingling sensations over lateral 3 and half fingers about 2 months after surgery. Previous scar tissue excision was done which exposed the median nerve adhesions in its distal course with the scar tissue followed by median nerve neurolysis with carpal tunnel release was done.
A comparative study of macular thickness measurements using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography before and after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus and their age matched controls
Authors: Murthy Krithi P
Published: June 2023

Patients with diabetes mellitus who undergo cataract surgery can be prone for macular edema post-operatively.Aimof this study wasto compare macular thickness in diabetics and non-diabetics, pre and post cataract surgery using SD-OCT.

A Cohort study of 50 diabetic and 50 non-diabetic cataract patients who presented to ophthalmology out patient department, aged 50–70 years underwent macular thickness assessment using SD–OCT pre and post cataract surgery.

The macular thickness showed a steady increase with time in non-diabetics and diabetics seen at baseline, 1 week post operative and 6 weeks post op. But the mean difference in diabetics was higher with a statistical significance(p<0.05).

OCT is a noninvasive investigation which can differentiate between diabetic macular edema and postoperative cystoid macular edema. Preoperative assessment of macular thickness will be useful in the management of macular edema in both conditions, thus improving visual prognosis post cataract surgery.
Preparation and evaluation of herbal sunscreen creams
Authors: Mewada Rajvee , Shah Yamini
Published: July 2023

Presently herbal sunscreens are widely used by almost everyone on this planet to prevent from harmful effects of UV radiation from sunlight. Herbals are preferable because of fewer side effects and a better safety profile. This study is about the preparation and evaluation of herbal sunscreen creams possessing anti-UV radiation effectiveness and anti-inflammatory properties. Creams were prepared from the extract of plant materials, such as respectively. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Tinospora cordifolia and Terminalia arjuna, total polyphenol and flavonoid content. Evaluation of prepared herbal sunscreen creams was performed on parameters such as organoleptic properties, pH, rancidity, spreadability and drug content. The effectiveness of the products was evaluated by measuring Sun Protection Factor (SPF). These products showed good spreadability, consistency, homogeneity, appearance, desired pH, ease of removal and no evidence of phase separation. Our formulation of sunscreen creams is considered to be effective sunscreen in healing, softening and rejuvenating the skin.
Permanência dos Colaboradores em Empresas Familiares: O que Importa sob a Óptica dos Gestores?
Authors: Meurer Tatiane , Viana Luiz Fernando Câmara , Ferreira Lucas Benedito Gomes Rocha
Published: June 2023

Este artigo visa explorar o que é importante para a permanência de colaboradores em empresas familiares, sob a óptica dos gestores membros da família e não familiares. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, guiada por entrevista semiestruturada com 11 entrevistados, incluindo colaboradores não familiares e membros da família empresária. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo, utilizando o software MaxQDA, seguida por livro de códigos e teste de confiabilidade intercodificador, com auxílio da linguagem R. Os resultados revelaram cinco categorias referentes às razões de permanência dos colaboradores nas empresas familiares investigadas: i) comunicação flexível, ii) oportunidade de carreira, iii) trabalho humanizado, iv) sentimento de pertencimento, e v) configuração regional. Também há indicação de que o sentimento de pertencimento seja impulsionado pelas três primeiras categorias elencadas, influenciando o desejo de permanência do colaborador não familiar. A partir dos achados, são elencadas proposições a serem investigadas em pesquisas futuras. Como implicações práticas, são sugeridos treinamentos e qualificações que estimulem a comunicação flexível, a oportunidade de carreira, o trabalho humanizado e o sentimento de pertencimento para fortalecer a permanência dos colaboradores não familiares.
Formação Online em Educação Inclusiva: um Levantamento Temático de Pesquisas Educacionais
Authors: Da Silva Dutra Flávia Barbosa , Botelho José Alexandre , Pereira Adriana Maria da Silva , Miranda da Silva Ana Paula , Coimbra Ellem de Souza
Published: June 2023

É de suma importância propor uma reflexão sobre o tema saberes docentes de forma a remeter a um olhar sobre a formação, práticas, vivências e experiências do professor. Sendo assim, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo realizado com base no levantamento temático de resumos expandidos e relatos de experiência dos cursistas que concluíram o Curso de aperfeiçoamento em Educação Especial e Inclusiva, promovido pela Fundação CECIERJ - Centro de Ciências e Educação Superior a Distância do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 2018 a 2021. A pesquisa pautou-se na seguinte questão: Quais temas/assuntos foram escolhidos para a elaboração do trabalho de conclusão do curso? Para isso, optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa documental, voltada para a temática da formação online, na perspectiva do estado da arte. A análise destacou que as representações construídas pelos autores acerca dos conceitos que permeiam as disciplinas do curso em questão, nortearam suas escolhas para a construção do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso e os resultados apontaram que o Transtorno do Espectro Autista foi o tema mais abordado pelos participantes.
 
Palavras-chave: Formação online. Experiências docentes. Educação inclusiva. Transtorno do espectro autista.
Educação a Distância e Ensino Remoto Emergencial: Conceitos em Debate
Authors: Toledo Stefani Moreira Aquino
Published: June 2023

Esta pesquisa bibliográfica tem por objetivo discutir as semelhanças e diferenças entre os conceitos de educação a distância (EaD), ensino remoto emergencial (ERE) e outras novas denominações surgidas com a adoção do ERE nas escolas de educação básica no período pandêmico. Para isso, foram utilizados referenciais teóricos acerca da EaD e do ERE (BRASIL, 1996; 2017; ARRUDA, 2020; JUNQUEIRA, 2020; PAIVA, 2020; TODOS PELA EDUCAÇÃO, 2020) e sobre a terminologia empregada para designar o ERE adotado na rede pública estadual de Minas Gerais (MINAS GERAIS, 2020; TOLEDO, 2021). Os resultados das discussões apontaram para convergências e divergências entre EaD e ERE. A mediação do processo de ensino e aprendizagem pelas tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação (TDIC) é similar em ambos os casos, porém a regulamentação oficial como modalidade de ensino é reconhecida apenas na EaD. O ERE foi adotado, por sua vez, como estratégia interina (PAIVA, 2020) para a minimização das consequências do fechamento das escolas da educação básica devido às condições impostas pela pandemia de Covid-19. Diante disso, este trabalho apresenta discussões complementares a estudos prévios sobre ambas as terminologias, EaD e ERE, adicionando uma discussão sobre o contexto da rede básica pública do estado de Minas Gerais. Por fim, espera-se contribuir com a reflexão e a análise da influência dos conceitos aqui abordados diante de práticas adotadas na referida rede de ensino, no período mais crítico da pandemia de Covid-19. 
Palavras-chave: Educação a distância. Ensino remoto emergencial. Educação básica. Pandemia.
Avaliação de um Curso de Educação a Distância, a Partir da Perspectiva Crítico-Reflexiva
Authors: Hacar Manoela Atalah Pinto dos Santos , Oliveira Maria de Fátima Alves de
Published: June 2023

Desde a última década, os debates sobre a formação de professores apontam que a EaD(Educação a Distância) tem se tornado opção de formação e qualificação para muitos profissionaisdo ensino. Todavia, um ponto nevrálgico salientado refere se à qualidade dos cursos oferecidos. Opresente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar um Curso de Extensão oferecido através damodalidade Educação a Distância, construído a partir da perspectiva crítico-reflexiva, paraprofessores de Ciências sobre a Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Para tal, foi aplicado umquestionário de avaliação do curso e as respostas analisadas de acordo com a Tematização. A partirdos resultados, destacamos ser possível a construção de um curso de formação continuada namodalidade Educação a Distância, a partir da perspectiva crítico-reflexiva que cumpre seusobjetivos junto aos docentes cursistas e contribui com a sua prática pedagógica. Cabe ressaltar queo nosso entendimento de EaD busca principalmente viabilizar a apropriação crítica e ativa deconhecimento num espaço-temporal favorecedor de abertura e autonomia docente.
Palavras-chave: Formação continuada. Perspectiva crítico-reflexiva. Ensino de ciências.