bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fantasmas o revenants en el medievo: antecedentes de elementos fantasmagóricos en "El Formicarius" de J. Nider
Authors: AGUSTÍ APARISI Carme
Published: February 2021

Proponemos en este artículo explorar antecedentes de elementos fantasmales en la Edad Media mediante la tratadística didáctico-moralizante de la época. Desde la antigüedad, la mayoría de apariciones se vehiculaban mediante los sueños. Posteriormente y con el cristianismo, serán propios de la cultura medieval temas macabros como el de los tres muertos, que se manifestarán a los tres vivos para advertirles de la fugacidad de los placeres mundanos. En el medievo aparecerán muertos reclamando un buen entierro, clamando venganza por su muerte, o bien, simplemente incordiando y burlándose de los mortales. Para constatar todo esto, analizaremos relatos del tratado de Johannes Nider, el Formicarius (1437-38), importantísimo no solo porque sirvió de base al posterior Malleus Maleficarum (1486-87), sino porque se trata de la primera exposición sistemática que se escribió sobre estos temas: apariciones de fantasmas, casos de brujería, endemoniados y exorcismos.

In this article we aim to explore the background of ghostly elements in the Middle Ages through the didactic and moralising treaties at the time. Since ancient times, most of the appearances of such elements have been in dreams. Later, with the advent of Christianity, medieval culture came to be characterised by macabre themes such as that of the three dead who appeared to the three living to warn them of the transience of worldly pleasures. Throughout the Middle Ages, the dead might show up to demand a good burial or revenge for their deaths, or simply to bother or mock mortals. In order to prove all the above, we analyse the stories contained in Johannes Nider’s work, Formicarius (1437-38), which is important not only because it served as the basis for the subsequent Malleus Maleficarum (1486-87), but also because it represents the first systematic treatise written on these topics: appearances of ghosts, cases of witchcraft, demoniacs and exorcisms.
Sexmeros y procuradores de la Tierra de Piedrahíta en el siglo XV
Authors: DA GRACA Laura
Published: February 2021

Se estudia la actuación de representantes rurales de Piedrahíta en el marco del sistema tributario del siglo XV. Se analiza su relación con la comunidad rural y perfil socioeconómico, las gestiones que realizan y las demandas que presentan al señor. Se observa la prioridad del ámbito local, el rechazo a las obligaciones que implican desplazarse del lugar de residencia y la confluencia con sectores ganaderos sustanciales, que se expresa en los reclamos en torno al paso del ganado trashumante. El protagonismo que el sistema otorga a los procuradores rurales podría considerarse la contracara de la obligación de los concejos aldeanos de responder por rentas impagas. 

The focus of this work is the performance of village representatives in the context of the fifteenth century Piedrahita's tax system. The relationship between representatives and the rural community, their socioeconomic profile, and their demands are analysed. It is observed that the village representatives give priority to their local communities and refuse obligations involving moving away from the place of residence. Besides, their interests converge with those of other substantial stockbreeders, which is expressed on the demands regarding fines on the livestock seasonal migration. The central role that the tax system gives to the representatives could be considered as the other side of the obligation of village communities to respond to the lord for unpaid rents.
Gentrification, nouveau tourisme urbain
et habitants permanents : des conflits de coprésence révélateurs de « normes
d’habiter » divergentes
Authors: Jeanmougin Hélène
Published: February 2021

Le Reuterkiez, quartier berlinois stigmatisé comme « ghetto » aux
forts taux de chômage et de criminalité et au bâti dégradé, connaît depuis le
début des années 2000 l’instauration de programmes urbains visant sa
revalorisation. Il en découle une gentrification rapide et visible, qui
s’accompagne depuis quelques années de l’essor d’un « nouveau tourisme urbain »
jeune et festif. Cet article porte sur les perceptions de cette présence
touristique par les habitants permanents du quartier et les coprésences
conflictuelles qui en résultent. Nous commençons par détailler les
transformations de ce territoire et les coprésences conflictuelles qu’on y
observe. L’analyse de ces conflits de coprésence permet ensuite de souligner
l’existence d’écarts entre différentes « normes d’habiter » aux temporalités
divergentes et de rompre avec une catégorisation trop stricte des acteurs et des
dominations. Nous esquissons ensuite les paramètres qui font varier les
perceptions et les « manières de cohabiter », puis concluons sur la nécessité
pour les politiques urbaines de prendre la mesure des enjeux sociaux et urbains
soulevés par ces conflits de coprésence.
Les finalités écologique et sociale de
la responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise dans le secteur touristique
Authors: Ben Yedder Moez , Zrelli Imen
Published: February 2021

Ces dernières décennies, la sphère managériale s’est mobilisée
autour de la cause du développement durable avec la diffusion croissante de la
logique de la responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise (RSE). Comme la plupart des
autres secteurs de l’économie, le secteur touristique a lui-même intégré des
visées responsables parmi ses priorités. L’objectif de la présente recherche est
d’évaluer le degré de convergence entre les visées sociale et écologique dans la
pratique des entreprises hôtelières. Pour examiner empiriquement cette question,
cet article s’intéresse aux cas de trois hôtels urbains dont nous avons évalué
les réalisations concrètes en matière sociale et environnementale. Les résultats
montrent que dans les hôtels étudiés, il y a une dichotomie entre les dimensions
écologique et environnementale, les établissements privilégiant l’aspect
écologique pour ses retombées économiques et commerciales. L’étendue de
l’intégration de l’ensemble des dimensions du développement durable semble
fortement tributaire de l’adhésion des dirigeants à cette logique.
Pratiques de développement durable dans l’hôtellerie de luxe : enjeux et spécificités
Authors: Clos Clémence
Published: February 2021

Cet article analyse la construction des pratiques de développement durable dans l’hôtellerie de luxe parisienne. Nous montrons que la conciliation entre les ambitions contenues dans le développement durable et l’hôtellerie de luxe se traduit dans des pratiques particulières : elles ne doivent pas être perçues par les clients et comportent une forte dimension locale. La prise en compte des enjeux de développement durable par l’hôtellerie de luxe correspond à des pratiques propres au luxe, mais elle s’inscrit également dans les spécificités du secteur hôtelier, notamment en raison de la nature particulière du service. Ces résultats invitent à conclure sur la définition du luxe hôtelier durable comme l’articulation d’enjeux spécifiques entre les caractéristiques du luxe, du service hôtelier et les ambitions contenues dans le développement durable.
Une analyse conventionnaliste du tourisme de mémoire
Authors: Clergeau Cécile , Dongmo Temgoua Bertrand
Published: February 2021

Cet article se donne comme objectif de comprendre comment se coordonnent les principaux acteurs concernés dans la coélaboration du service touristique sur un marché en émergence. Cette compréhension à la lumière du tourisme de mémoire à essence culturelle, phénomène à forte complexité systémique eu égard à la nécessaire cohabitation harmonieuse entre tradition et modernité, renseigne, à travers le cas des funérailles bamilékés du Cameroun, sur la façon dont la servuction permet de concilier tradition et modernité. Le processus de conventionnalisation tripartite révélé par notre analyse participe à élucider davantage le rôle des conventions de services dans la coproduction du service touristique. Ainsi, à la question « comment la servuction permet-elle de concilier tradition et modernité dans les funérailles au Cameroun ? », notre recherche démontre que, dans les funérailles bamilékés, phénomène funéraire traditionnel à ne pas confondre avec des obsèques, la servuction concilie tradition et modernité lorsque les conventions de loyauté et de responsabilité structurent la production et la consommation des services.
Vers une théorie du capital touristique personnel
Authors: Othmani Wadie
Published: February 2021

L’article étudie le phénomène du tourisme intérieur dans les pays du Sud, présenté comme sous-documenté dans la littérature scientifique, plus particulièrement en Tunisie. Il explore et interroge de façon empirique l’espace touristique de la ville de Tunis par l’intermédiaire des pratiques touristiques des Tunisiens et des Maghrébins. Il mobilise des méthodes mixtes : qualitatives (observation non participante et entretiens semi-directifs) et quantitative (enquête par questionnaire) pour proposer une théorisation du concept de capital touristique personnel (CTP). De ce fait, l’article montre que le touriste possède forcément un CTP qui influence et s’influence par rapport à un environnement touristique bien déterminé comprenant plusieurs facteurs : humain, générationnel, culturel, identitaire, géographique, historique, etc.
Alta rotación de Laura Meradi: la representación del otro y la transformación del yo autoral
Authors: Kowalska Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

En el contexto del auge actual de la crónica contemporánea en Hispanoamérica, el presente artículo se centra en el análisis de dos elementos clave para el género –la presencia de la voz autoral y la representación del otro-protagonista– en Alta rotación. El trabajo precario de los jóvenes (2009) de Laura Meradi. Partiendo de la breve presentación de los rasgos característicos de la crónica urbana, se plantea la cuestión de la relación que se establece en el texto de Meradi entre el yo autoral y los demás personajes que forman el eje vertebral del relato cronístico. A continuación, se estudia la transformación de la narradora, en gran medida influenciada por la aplicación de las estrategias del periodismo gonzo. Asimismo, se investiga la manera en la que dicha transformación impacta en la plasmación del tema central de Alta rotación, que es el mundo de los trabajos precarios de la Buenos Aires contemporánea.
Cell-density independent increased lymphocyte production and loss rates post-autologous HSCT
Authors: Baliu-Piqué Mariona , van Hoeven Vera , Drylewicz Julia , van der Wagen Lotte E , Janssen Anke , Otto Sigrid A , van Zelm Menno C , de Boer Rob J , Kuball Jürgen , Borghans Jose AM , Tesselaar Kiki
Published: February 2021

Lymphocyte numbers need to be quite tightly regulated. It is generally assumed that lymphocyte production and lifespan increase homeostatically when lymphocyte numbers are low and, vice versa, return to normal once cell numbers have normalized. This widely accepted concept is largely based on experiments in mice, but is hardly investigated in vivo in humans. Here we quantified lymphocyte production and loss rates in vivo in patients 0.5–1 year after their autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT). We indeed found that the production rates of most T- and B-cell subsets in autoHSCT-patients were two to eight times higher than in healthy controls, but went hand in hand with a threefold to ninefold increase in cell loss rates. Both rates also did not normalize when cell numbers did. This shows that increased lymphocyte production and loss rates occur even long after autoHSCT and can persist in the face of apparently normal cell numbers.
Genital Herpes: Synergy between Serology and Polymerase Chain Reaction in Laboratory Diagnosis among Pregnant Women Attending the Antenatal Clinic of Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa Nigeria
Authors: Egbagba J. E. , Abdu A. B. , Alex- Wele M. A. , Eguvbe A. O.
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) is the main curse of Genital Herpes (GH) infection worldwide with developing countries having larger proportions. Little is known about its diagnosis using the synergy techniques of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for its accurate diagnosis. This study focuses on carrying out the synergy (concurrent) between serology and PCR techniques for diagnosing GH caused by HSV-2.

Methods: A total of 388 pregnant women were sampled using a well-structured questionnaire, a self-collected vaginal swab for PCR shedding detection and 10 ml of blood collected for serological assay. Data were analyzed using statical packages for Social sciences. P value were kept at <0.05.

Results: A total 85 (21.9%) of the 388 sampled women were positive for Herpes simplex type 2 by PCR shedding techniques. Majority of the samples 345 (88.9%) were positive to serology assay. 57 (16.5%) of all 345 seropositive respondent are also shedders of the virus by PCR assays, p <0.05. Conversely, 28 (65.1%) of all 43 seronegative patients were shedders of HSV-2.

Conclusion: The synergistic technique of Serology and PCR should be considered incorporated as detection techniques for accurate diagnosis as this will assist in prompt management of genital herpes infection.
Molecular Diversity Analysis in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Using RAPD Markers
Authors: Wahab Md. Abdul , Sumi Shamim Ara , Islam Absana , Houqe M. E.
Published: February 2021

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) is considered as major textile fiber around the world. This research aimed to analyze the molecular diversity among 9 cotton genotypes collected from Cotton Development Board, Bangladesh using the 7 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Some total of 18 DNA bands were obtained and among them, 13 were polymorphic bands. The range of DNA amplification varied from 180 to 800 bp. The percentage of polymorphism was about 50.71. Genetic diversity ranged from 0.22 to 0.44 with an average value of 0.34. Nei’s genetic distance ranging from 0.1667 to 0.6667 and most importantly PIC value ranged from 0.18 to 0.35 with an average value of 0.27. The PIC value indicated that most of the studied cotton genotypes were moderately diversified and homogenous as well as no heterozygosity found. A dendrogram indicating the relative genetic similarity of the Bangladeshi cotton genotypes was constructed which followed in two major clusters (A and B) among the studied material. The Cotton Development Board (CDB), Bangladesh committed to working on cotton improvement and this investigation will be helpful for the selection of diversified genotypes in varietal improvement in cotton. The output of this research will be a baseline for future molecular research work on cotton genotypes in Bangladesh.
Evaluation of a Macro Lump Plasticity Model for Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joint under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Purnomo Joko , Octaviani V. , Chiaulina P. K. , Chandra Jimmy
Published: February 2021

Lateral deformations of reinforced concrete (RC) frames under extreme seismic excitation are highly affected by the stiffness of their beam-column joints. Numerous models have been proposed to simulate the responses of RC beam-column joint under cyclic loading. Development of RC beam-column joint model based on macro modeling using spring elements becomes more popular because of its considerably simple application for seismic performance evaluation purposes. In this study, a simple modification to previously developed macro-spring element-based model for RC beam-column joint is done and is used to simulate the behavior of seven external and five internal RC joints under cyclic loading in SAP2000. The model consists of several spring elements to define column, beam, joint, and bond-slip responses according to its individual moment-rotation relationships. Overall, the analysis results show that the modified model can simulate well the cyclic behavior of RC beam-column joints when are compared to previously available experimental results
Mindful Energy Psychology: History, Theory, Research, and Practice
Authors: Gallo Fred
Published: February 2021

Abstract: The dialectic between acceptance and the desire for change reflects a core paradox within psychology. Two clinical methodologies that at first glance appear to be diametrically opposed have been incorporated into an approach that harnesses a reciprocal synergy, seamlessly integrating a focus on acceptance with a focus on change. Mindfulness practices, which involve purposeful, nonjudgmental awareness and acceptance of the present moment, have been shown to promote general well-being as well as to alleviate many psychological and stress-related symptoms. Energy psychology, which utilizes both somatic and cognitive interventions, is believed to rapidly and with precision change the energetic and neurological underpinnings of a range of psychological disorders. Combining the two approaches into a “mindful energy psychology” resolves the acceptance/change paradox with an interplay that yields immediate, potent therapeutic benefits. This paper examines each approach and shows how they may be integrated into clinical practice. Keywords: mindful, mindfulness, mindfulnessbased therapies, energy psychology, mindful energy psychology, tapping, energy tapping, meridian tapping, Thought Field Therapy, TFT, Emotional Freedom Techniques, EFT, Midline Energy Technique, MET, Tonglen, trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD
Determining Highly Desirable Traits of an Effective Emotional Freedom Techniques Practitioner: A Delphi Study
Authors: Stapleton Peta , Chatwin Hannah
Published: February 2021

Due to the distinct lack of definition surrounding the desirable attributes of an effective Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) practitioner, this study utilized a modified Delphi technique to explore this. This method is designed to achieve a consensus amongst skilled panelists when an accepted body of literature is lacking. A three-round modified Delphi approach was used and participants were skilled in delivering EFT as a practitioner (N = 22). The first round was an open-ended series of questions derived from the literature, and responses to these initial questions were analyzed using content analysis (nVivo), with common themes identified and grouped together. These themes were then utilized to develop more specific quantitative questions (Likert format) to be used in the subsequent rounds. Consensus was set at 75% agreement on an item and was reached for 11 out of the 15 traits of an effective EFT practitioner identified in round 1. Consensus was also reached for seven out of the eight traits of an ineffective EFT practitioner, but was not reached for many core elements in training. These included adequate training, knowledge of other energy techniques, and the use of structured interviews, among other issues. Consensus was also not reached for the use of screening processes prior to training. These results are discussed in terms of standardization in EFT
Words to tap by: The use of language in Energy Psychology protocols
Authors: Feinstein David
Published: February 2021

Most Energy Psychology protocols include a component in which the client is guided in the use of personally tailored wording related to a target problem or goal. These phrases are stated simultaneously with the stimulation of selected acupuncture points (acupoints) via tapping. Thought Field Therapy (TFT) and its popular derivative, Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), are the most well-known variations of the acupoint tapping approaches. These therapies have been validated for their efficacy and unusual speed in resolving psychological and physical conditions in more than 100 clinical trials and several meta-analyses. Clinicians and life coaches wanting to incorporate acupoint tapping into their practices can readily learn the basic protocols but are often unsure about how to formulate the most effective wording to accompany the client’s self-tapping. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of videotaped statements that were judged to move the treatment forward in relationship to three process outcomes: (a) the statement resulted in the practitioner becoming better attuned to the client’s intentions for and experience with the therapy, (b) it explored the issues relevant to the client’s needs and goals in order to deepen both the client’s and the practitioner’s understanding of them, and/or (c) it led the client toward more effective ways of addressing pertinent issues. These three categories—attune, explore, lead—were derived from the 62 therapeutic functions of language that were identified as the videotaped wording was being coded. The list is only an initial formulation, based on one clinician’s sessions as analyzed by that clinician. It is intended as a first step toward a more comprehensive investigation of the use of language in Energy Psychology sessions, its impact on client outcomes, and its implications for practitioner training.
Hospital morbidity and financial impacts for urolithiasis in bahia, brazil
Authors: Júnior Edison Vitório de Souza , Moreira Sávio Luiz Ferreira , Rosa Randson Souza , Cruz Diego Pires , Boery Rita Narriman Silva de Oliveira , Boery Eduardo Nagib
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Descrever os casos de morbidade hospitalar e impactos financeiros por urolitíase no estado da Bahia, Brasil no período de 2012 a 2016. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo e transversal baseado no banco de dados secundários do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. As variáveis coletadas foram: sexo, faixa etária, custos e raça/cor notificados no período citado. Resultados: Foram registrados 15.171 casos de morbidade hospitalar por urolitíase, o que corresponde a 0,46% do total das internações. A maior prevalência ocorreu na macrorregião leste (n=6.920), entre o sexo masculino (n=7.815), em idade entre 35 e 39 anos (n=1.877) e cor/raça ignorada (n=8.031). A urolitíase gerou um impacto financeiro superior a 5,5 milhões de reais ao Sistema Único de Saúde. Conclusão: De acordo com os resultados, observa-se a necessidade de tornar a macrorregião leste como prioritária para as ações de controle e prevenção da patologia
The construction of educational practices against-hegemonicas: an analysis of the influence of health policies and programs
Authors: Labegalini Célia Maria Gomes , Baldissera Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Analisar as políticas e programas que influenciaram a gestão municipal de saúde na ordenação das práticas de educação em saúde e educação na saúde. Método: Pesquisa social aplicada, qualitativa, desenvolvida em um município estado do Paraná-Brasil. A coleta e análise dos dados se deram por duas técnicas: pesquisa documental, com 47 documentos da gestão municipal; e entrevistas, com os 16 gestores municipais de saúde. A discussão seguiu as premissas contra-hegemônicas de Gramsci. Seguiram-se os preceitos éticos vigentes. Resultados: São influentes nas práticas educativas em saúde: Programa Saúde da Família, Política Nacional de Humanização, Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde, Pacto pela Saúde, Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde, Núcleo de Apoio ao Saúde da Família e Programa de Qualificação da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Conclusão: As políticas e programas apresentam-se como forças contra-hegemonicas, inserindo dialogicidade e problematização na saúde, contudo seu uso restringe-se ao âmbito da gestão.
Immature adipocyte‐derived exosomes inhibit expression of muscle differentiation markers
Authors: Ojima Koichi , Muroya Susumu , Wada Hiromu , Ogawa Kotaro , Oe Mika , Takimoto Koichi , Nishimura Takanori
Published: February 2021

Exosomes are released from a variety of cells to communicate with recipient cells. Exosomes contain microRNAs (miRNAs), which are noncoding RNAs that suppress target genes. Our previous proteomic study (FEBS Open Bio 2016, 6, 816–826) demonstrated that 3T3‐L1 adipocytes secrete exosome components as well as growth factors, inspiring us to investigate what type of miRNA is involved in adipocyte‐secreted exosomes and what functions they carry out in recipient cells. Here, we profiled miRNAs in 3T3‐L1 adipocyte‐secreted exosomes and revealed suppression of muscle differentiation by adipocyte‐derived exosomes. Through our microarray analysis, we detected over 300 exosomal miRNAs during adipocyte differentiation. Exosomal miRNAs present during adipocyte differentiation included not only pro‐adipogenic miRNAs but also miRNAs associated with muscular dystrophy. Gene ontology analysis predicted that the target genes of miRNAs are associated primarily with transcriptional regulation. To further investigate whether adipocyte‐secreted exosomes regulate the expression levels of genes involved in muscle differentiation, we treated cultured myoblasts with adipocyte‐derived exosome fractions. Intriguingly, the expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors, Myog and Myf6, and other muscle differentiation markers, myosin heavy‐chain 3 and insulin‐like growth factor 2, were significantly downregulated in myoblasts treated with adipocyte‐derived exosomes. Immature adipocyte‐derived exosomes exhibited a stronger suppressive effect than mature adipocyte‐derived exosomes. Our results suggest that adipocytes suppress the expression levels of muscle differentiation‐associated genes in myoblasts via adipocyte‐secreted exosomes containing miRNAs.
Droplet‐Based Single‐Cell Measurements of 16S rRNA Enable Integrated Bacteria Identification and Pheno‐Molecular Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing from Clinical Samples in 30 min
Authors: Kaushik Aniruddha M. , Hsieh Kuangwen , Mach Kathleen E. , Lewis Shawna , Puleo Christopher M. , Carroll Karen C. , Liao Joseph C. , Wang Tza‐Huei
Published: February 2021

Empiric broad‐spectrum antimicrobial treatments of urinary tract infections (UTIs) have contributed to widespread antimicrobial resistance. Clinical adoption of evidence‐based treatments necessitates rapid diagnostic methods for pathogen identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) with minimal sample preparation. In response, a microfluidic droplet‐based platform is developed for achieving both ID and AST from urine samples within 30 min. In this platform, fluorogenic hybridization probes are utilized to detect 16S rRNA from single bacterial cells encapsulated in picoliter droplets, enabling molecular identification of uropathogenic bacteria directly from urine in as little as 16 min. Moreover, in‐droplet single‐bacterial measurements of 16S rRNA provide a surrogate for AST, shortening the exposure time to 10 min for gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. A fully integrated device and screening workflow were developed to test urine specimens for one of seven unique diagnostic outcomes including the presence/absence of Gram‐negative bacteria, molecular ID of the bacteriaas Escherichia coli, an Enterobacterales, or other organism, and assessment of bacterial susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. In a 50‐specimen clinical comparison study, the platform demonstrates excellent performance compared to clinical standard methods (areas‐under‐curves, AUCs >0.95), within a small fraction of the turnaround time, highlighting its clinical utility.
Monogenic Causes of Apparently Idiopathic Perinatal Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Hausman‐Kedem Moran , Malinger Gustavo , Modai Shira , Kushner Steven A. , Shiran Shelly I. , Ben‐Sira Liat , Roth Jonathan , Constantini Shlomi , Fattal‐Valevski Aviva , Ben‐Shachar Shay
Published: February 2021

Objective

Perinatal intracranial hemorrhage (pICH) is a rare event that occurs during the fetal/neonatal period with potentially devastating neurological outcome. However, the etiology of pICH is frequently hard to depict. We investigated the role of rare genetic variations in unexplained cases of pICH.

Methods

We performed whole‐exome sequencing (WES) in fetuses and term neonates with otherwise unexplained pICH and their parents. Variant causality was determined according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria, consistency between suggested genes and phenotypes, and mode of inheritance.

Results

Twenty‐six probands (25 families) were included in the study (9 with a prenatal diagnosis and 17 with a postnatal diagnosis). Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was the most common type of hemorrhage (n = 16, 62%), followed by subpial (n = 4, 15%), subdural (n = 4, 15%), and parenchymal (n = 2, 8%) hemorrhage. Causative/likely causative variants were found in 4 subjects from 3 of the 25 families (12%) involving genes related to the brain microenvironment (COL4A1, COL4A2, and TREX‐1). Additionally, potentially causative variants were detected in genes related to coagulation (GP1BA, F11, Von Willebrand factor [VWF], FGA, and F7; n = 4, 16%). A potential candidate gene for phenotypic expansion related to microtubular function (DNAH5) was identified in 1 case (4%). Fifty‐five percent of the variants were inherited from an asymptomatic parent. Overall, these findings showed a monogenic cause for pICH in 12% to 32% of the families.

Interpretation

Our findings reveal a clinically significant diagnostic yield of WES in apparently idiopathic pICH and support the use of WES in the evaluation of these cases. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:813–822
Selectivity Map for the Late Stages of CO and CO2 Reduction to C2 Species on Copper Electrodes
Authors: Piqué Oriol , Low Qi Hang , Handoko Albertus D. , Yeo Boon Siang , Calle‐Vallejo Federico
Published: February 2021

The electrochemical CO and CO2 reduction reactions (CORR and CO2RR) using copper catalysts and renewable electricity hold promise as a carbon‐neutral route to produce commodity chemicals and fuels. However, the exact mechanisms and structure sensitivity of Cu electrodes toward C2 products are still under debate. Herein, we investigate ethylene oxide reduction (EOR) as a proxy to the late stages of CORR to ethylene, and the results are compared to those of acetaldehyde reduction to ethanol. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that ethylene oxide undergoes ring opening before exclusively reducing to ethylene via *OH formation. Based on generalized coordination numbers (CN), a selectivity map for the late stages of CORR and CO2RR shows that sites with moderate coordination (5.9 < CN < 7.5) are efficient for ethylene production, with pristine Cu(100) being more active than defective surfaces such as Cu(311). In contrast, kinks and edges are more active for ethanol production, while (111) terraces are relatively inert.
The Effect of Mobile Learning on Student Success and Anxiety in Teaching Genital System Anatomy
Authors: Bolatli Güneş , Kizil Hamiyet
Published: February 2021

The widespread use of smartphones has led to the emergence of new mobile learning tools. The aim of this study was to compare traditional methods to mobile learning applications, and their effect on the academic achievement and anxiety levels of students learning genital system anatomy. This research study was a randomized controlled study conducted with students who took anatomy between November and December 2018. The cohort consisted of 63 students who met the sampling criteria. Groups (control = 31, experimental = 32) were randomly selected using a simple number table. The mobile application developed for the experimental group was installed on the students' mobile devices with the extension “genitalsystem.apk.” The anatomy of the genital system was taught to the control group using the standard curriculum and to the experimental group using the mobile application. After teaching the anatomy of the genital system, the state anxiety levels of the students in the control group were determined to be higher at 45.6 (±8.7) than the experimental group at 40.4 (±8.3) as measured by the 20–80 point STAI scale. The posttest examination average of the control group was 8.9 (±6.9) out of 22 or 40.4 (±6.9)% and the posttest average of the experimental group using mobile application was 14.9 (±5.5) or 67.7 (±5.5)%. State anxiety levels and examination grades showed a highly significant difference in favor of the experimental group. These results indicate that using mobile applications when teaching anatomy may be an effective method to enhance learning and reduce anxiety levels when compared to the traditional teaching methods.
Pharmacokinetics of eperisone following oral administration in healthy Korean volunteers
Authors: Baek In‐hwan , Back Hyun‐moon , Chae Jung‐woo , Ha Eun‐Sol , Park Heejun , Choi Du Hyung , Staatz Christine E. , Kim Min‐Soo
Published: February 2021

Eperisone is an oral muscle relaxant used to treat musculoskeletal diseases, which exhibits high pharmacokinetic (PK) variability in bioequivalence studies. The aim of this study was to characterize the PKs of eperisone following its oral administration to Korean volunteers through the conduct of a noncompartmental and population analysis. A total of 360 concentration‐time measurements collected on two separate occasions from 15 healthy volunteers during a bioequivalent study of eperisone 50 mg (Murex®) were used in the PK analysis. Noncompartmental analysis was performed using WinNonLinTM and population analysis was performed using NONMEM®. The possible influence of thirty demographic and pathophysiological characteristics on the PKs of eperisone were explored. Based on noncompartmental analysis mean eperisone elimination half‐life, apparent clearance (CL/F), and apparent volume of distribution were estimated to be 3.81 h, 39.24 × 103 l/h × 103 L, respectively. During population PK modeling a two‐compartment model with first‐order absorption rate constant (typical population K
a = 1.5 h−1) and first‐order elimination (typical population CL/F and apparent volume of distribution in the central compartment [V
c/F] = 30.8 × 103 l/h and 86.2 × 103 l, respectively) best described the PKs of eperisone. Interindividual variability in CL/F and V
c/F were estimated to be 87.9% and 130.3%, respectively and interoccasion variability in CL/F and V
c/F were estimated to be 23.8% and 30.8%, respectively. Aspartate aminotransferase level and smoking status were identified as potential covariates that may influence the CL/F of eperisone. This is the first study to develop a disposition model for eperisone and investigate the potential influence of covariate factors on it PK variability.
Single Microcystis Detection Through Electrochemical Collision Events on Ultramicroelectrodes
Authors: Lee Jeeho , Lee Jungeun , Song Sua , Kim Byung‐Kwon
Published: February 2021

This study introduces the electrochemical detection of a single microcystis on an Au ultramicroelectrode based on single‐entity electrochemistry. The electrochemical collisions occur when the microcystis is adsorbed on the electrode surface. This hinders the oxidation of the electroactive redox species in the solution, thus making the current decrease like a staircase. In this experiment, the current decrease caused by the collision which requires an appropriate concentration of the redox species and initial potential, providing information on migration effect by zeta‐potential, and collision frequency. Comparison of the simulation results of the finite element method and the experimental results suggested that the staircase current decrease caused by the microcystis can occur due to collision not only on the electrode surface but also on the surrounding regions of the electrode surface (i.e., the active area). These results suggest various applications of the single‐entity cell detection using the electrochemical method for real‐time analysis.
Quantification of eucalyptol (1,8‐cineole) in rat serum by gas chromatography–mass/mass spectrometry and its application to a rat pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Sa Chula , Liu Jinlei , Dong Yu , Jiang Li , Gentana Ge , Wurita Amin
Published: February 2021

Eucalyptol (1,8‐cineole) is a biologically active cyclic monoterpenoid. In a preliminary study, we used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to detect eucalyptol in the serum and brain tissue of rats after oral administration. However, the absorption characteristics in vivo and pharmacokinetic parameters of eucalyptol have not been published to date. The present study aims to develop and validate a simple, sensitive GC–MS/MS method with quadrupole mass analyzer type for the quantitative analysis of eucalyptol in rat serum and apply it to a pharmacokinetic study. The assay showed linearity of concentration range from 50 to 5,000 pg/ml with a limit of quantitation of 50 pg/ml. Intra‐ and inter‐day precision for eucalyptol were 4.4–13.0 and <15.0%, respectively, and accuracy was within 10% for quality control samples. The recovery and stability results showed that the method was accurate and stable for quantitative analysis. The developed analytical method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after a single oral administration of eucalyptol in rat subjects. The serum concentration–time profiles indicate that the absorption characteristics of eucalyptol after oral administration are similar to those for intravenous administration.
Application of machine learning methods to pathogen safety evaluation in biological manufacturing processes
Authors: Panjwani Shyam , Cui Ivan , Spetsieris Konstantinos , Mleczko Michal , Wang Wensheng , Zou June X. , Anwaruzzaman Mohammad , Liu Shawn , Canales Roger , Hesse Oliver
Published: February 2021

The production of recombinant therapeutic proteins from animal or human cell lines entails the risk of endogenous viral contamination from cell substrates and adventitious agents from raw materials and environment. One of the approaches to control such potential viral contamination is to ensure the manufacturing process can adequately clear the potential viral contaminants. Viral clearance for production of human monoclonal antibodies is achieved by dedicated unit operations, such as low pH inactivation, viral filtration, and chromatographic separation. The process development of each viral clearance step for a new antibody production requires significant effort and resources invested in wet laboratory experiments for process characterization studies. Machine learning methods have the potential to help streamline the development and optimization of viral clearance unit operations for new therapeutic antibodies. The current work focuses on evaluating the usefulness of machine learning methods for process understanding and predictive modeling for viral clearance via a case study on low pH viral inactivation.
Deepithelialized Connective Tissue Graft and the Remaining Epithelial Content After Harvesting by the Harris Technique: A Histological and Morphometrical Case Series
Authors: Maia Vinicius Tadeu Gonçalves , Kahn Sérgio , de Souza Alex Balduino , Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis de Oliveira
Published: February 2021

Introduction

The remaining epithelial layer existent in connective tissue graft (CTG) harvested from the hard palate, which underwent de‐epithelization outside the oral cavity, can be histologically detected unless it is completely removed. Its presence may cause adverse esthetics results, affecting thus the color and texture of the receptor site, and an increased risk of presence of scar tissues after surgical procedures. The proposal of this study was to evaluate the CTG (histological and morphometrically) collected from the hard palate using the Harris technique, removing the epithelial layer outside the mouth, assessing the remaining presence of epithelial tissue.

Case Series

Fourteen patients (14 CTGs) were included in the present case series study, therefore there were two dropouts. A small part of the tip of the graft was harvested and fixed in formalin solution for histological processing, staining, and then to be morphometrically analyzed. The epithelial tissue and CTGs were assessed by three calibrated and double‐blinded professionals. All information was compiled, and the statistical analysis was performed. CTGs obtained had a width average of 1224.26 μm. There was no presence of any residual of the epithelium in three samples, whereas only one had the epithelium tissue covering the entire connective layer. Furthermore, seven samples (approximately 50%) had the presence of epithelium.

Conclusion

Within the limitation of this study, there was incomplete removal of the epithelial layer after harvesting the CTG using the Harris technique (44.32%), most likely due to its histological persistency, suggesting to be inaccurate the clinical removal.
BMP11 regulates thermogenesis in white and brown adipocytes
Authors: Pham Huong Giang , Mukherjee Sulagna , Choi Min Ji , Yun Jong Won
Published: February 2021

Bone morphogenetic protein‐11 (BMP11), also known as growth differentiation factor‐11 (GDF11), is implicated in skeletal development and joint morphogenesis in mammals. However, its functions in adipogenesis and energy homeostasis are mostly unknown. The present study investigates crucial roles of BMP11 in cultured 3T3‐L1 white and HIB1B brown adipocytes, using Bmp11 gene depletion and pharmacological inhibition of BMP11. The silencing of Bmp11 markedly decreases the expression levels of brown‐fat signature proteins and beige‐specific genes in white adipocytes and significantly down‐regulates the expression levels of brown fat‐specific genes in brown adipocytes. The deficiency of Bmp11 reduces the expressions of lipolytic protein markers in white and brown adipocytes. Moreover, BMP11 induces browning of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes via coordination of multiple signalling pathways, including mTORC1‐COX2 and p38MAPK‐PGC‐1α as non‐canonical pathways, as well as Smad1/5/8 as a canonical pathway. We believe this study is the first to provide evidence of the potential roles of BMP11 for improvement of lipid catabolism in both cultured white and brown adipocytes, as well as the effect on browning of white adipocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrate the therapeutic potential for the treatment of obesity.
New Cassane Diterpenoids from the Seed Kernels of Caesalpinia cucullata, Exhibit Anti‐inflammatory Effect in vitro by Inhibiting iNOS Enzymatic Activity
Authors: Wang Miao , Yang Yi‐Ren , Yin Yan , Song Kai‐Ru , Long Li‐Ping , Li Xian‐Zhe , Zhou Bei , Gao Hui‐Yuan
Published: February 2021

Main observation and conclusion

Inflammation is a complex biological response to stimulation. Natural cassane diterpenoids from Caesalpinia genus exhibit significant anti‐inflammation activity. Eight new cassane diterpenoids (1—8) along with seven known ones (9—15) were obtained from the seed kernels of Caesalpinia cucullata Roxb. This is the first report on chemical investigation of the seed kernels of C. cucullata, and the cassane diterpenes were found in this plant for the first time. Their structures were elucidated based on the extensive spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configurations were identified by ECD calculation and X‐ray crystallography. All compounds were evaluated for their anti‐inflammation activity by inhibiting NO production in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 1—2 and 9—11 exhibited effective inhibitory activity with inhibition rate more than 50%. The iNOS enzyme activity and molecular docking experiments were performed to explore the preliminary mechanism. Eventually, a potential anti‐inflammatory mechanism revealed that the bioactive cassane inhibited overproduction of NO by targeting key residues in the iNOS active cavity to reduce iNOS enzymatic activation.
Energy efficiency and portability of oil and gas simulations on multicore and graphics processing unit architectures
Authors: Serpa Matheus S. , Pavan Pablo J. , Cruz Eduardo H. M. , Machado Rodrigo L. , Panetta Jairo , Azambuja Antônio , Carissimi Alexandre S. , Navaux Philippe O. A.
Published: February 2021

Reverse time migration (RTM) simulation is the basis of the seismic imaging tools used by the oil and gas industry. Developers have been porting their simulations to the new high‐performance computing architectures, providing faster and more accurate results at each new generation. However, several challenges arrive when trying to achieve high performance on these new architectures. The first one is to choose the architecture that best fits the kind of simulation. After that, researchers should choose the API used to implement the simulation code. These two decisions are strongly related to the effort, performance, and energy efficiency of the simulations. In this article, we propose three optimizations for an oil and gas application, which reduce the floating‐point operations by changing the equation derivatives. We evaluate these optimizations in different multicore and GPU architectures, investigating the impact of different APIs on the performance, energy efficiency, and portability of the code. Our experimental results show that the dedicated CUDA implementation running on the NVIDIA Volta architecture has the best performance and energy efficiency for RTM on GPUs, while the OpenMP version is the best for Intel Broadwell in the multicore. Also, the OpenACC version, which has a lower programming effort and executes on both architectures, has an up to 20% better performance and energy efficiency than the nonportable ones.
Early maladaptive schemas and intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pilkington Pamela D. , Noonan Clare , May Tamara , Younan Rita , Holt Ruth A.
Published: February 2021

Young's early maladaptive schemas represent a possible pathway between childhood adversity and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). The aim of this review was to synthesize the evidence on early maladaptive schemas and IPV. PubMed, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases were searched, in compliance with PRISMA, to identify peer reviewed studies that reported on the relationship between schema or schema domain scores and IPV victimization or perpetration. Based on nine included studies, meta‐analyses indicated that IPV victimization showed a moderate association with the Disconnection and Rejection and Impaired Autonomy domains, and a small association with Other‐Directedness. The Mistrust Abuse and Vulnerability to Harm schemas were moderately correlated with victimization. Mistrust Abuse was also implicated in perpetration but insufficient data were available for meta‐analysis. The evidence suggests that being a victim of IPV is associated with an expectation that one's needs for love and safety will not be met and doubt regarding one's capacity to handle responsibilities or succeed in life.