bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Story of Writing: From Classical Rhetoric to Rhetoric and Composition
Authors: Korotkina I. B.
Published: January 2022

Written to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the rubric “Academic Writing and Research Competences” established by the journal’s late editor-in-chief Mikhail Sapunov, the paper focuses on the origins of academic writing and traces its development in terms of rhetoric. The five stages of classical rhetoric are interpreted as five key components of academic writing: research, logic, culture, knowledge, and language. This approach helps visualize academic writing as a wholesome model composed of cognitive and linguistic elements, describe the impact of this model on the rhetorical and publishing conventions of the global academic discourse, and define the problems in knowledge construction as deviations from the model’s unity in various sociocultural contexts. The study concludes that the low quality of an academic text may result from either losing the predominance of the first two stages of rhetoric (invention and arrangement) or of the other three (style, memory, and delivery). The former signifies an ideological pressure on researchers to substitute their own rhetoric with quotes from canonized sources, whereas the latter provokes them to disregard language and style as inferior to research, because of which texts diminish in clarity. In either case, communication lacks in efficiency. The study of academic writing in the historical perspective contributes to better understanding of the latest trends in its development and elicits the problems which impede the quality of Russian scholarly and academic texts.
Academic Writing for Publication Purposes and Machine Translation: Is the Symbiosis Possible?
Authors: Dobrynina O. L.
Published: January 2022

The abstracts in Russian and in English are written according to certain rules. For articles written in Russian, an abstract in English is the only means of informing the world scientific community about the authors’ research results. However, the quality of abstracts written in Russian and then translated into English does not always meet the criteria for readability and comply with the accepted academic and publication conventions. This situation might result from the intensive usage of machine translation (MT) systems by authors who do not take into account the guidelines for the input text quality and the limitations inherent in MT systems. The author analyzed the requirements for the input texts and some typical errors in the target ones. The article describes the stages of training masters, postgraduate students and university staff in the effective use of MT systems. The training is based on a bilingual approach, which implies a constant comparison of vocabulary, grammar and style in the native and English languages. The author comes to the conclusion that the effective use of MT systems for writing an abstract in English is possible if the authors have the command of Russian and English at the level sufficient for a concise and unambiguous expression of their thoughts and ideas. Self-censoring is a prerequisite for creating a text that is “understandable” for MT systems. Students must follow simple rules: write sentences of 15-20 words; express one thought per one sentence; use more active verbs; choose nouns that express a specific concept; exclude unnecessary words. At the post-editing stage, learners can use the tools available on the Internet, which allow not only editing the target text, but also will enable learners to acquire independent editing skills.
EXTREMUM SEEKING CONTROL OF TWO-STAGE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM: A MINI REVIEW
Authors: Christov Nicolai , Wang Haoping , Simeonov Ivan
Published: January 2022

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biotechnological process, in which microorganisms degrade organic matter under anaerobic conditions to produce biogas. It has long been known that the two main species (acidogenic and methanogenic) in the community of microorganisms in AD differ in many aspects and the optimal conditions for their growth and development are different. Therefore, in AD in a single bioreactor (BR) (single-phase process), the optimal conditions are selected taking into account the slow-growing methanogens at the expense of fast-growing acidogens, which affects the efficiency of the whole process. This has led in recent years to the development of two-stage AD (TSAD), in which processes are divided into a cascade of two separate BRs. It is known that this division of the processes into two consecutive BRs leads to significantly higher energy yields for the two-phase system (H2 + CH4), compared to the traditional single-stage CH4 production process.
In our previous studies different mathematical models of the TSAD have been developed. It was shown that in both BRs the input-output characteristics have a clear maximum, which allows the yields to increase significantly if operations are provided around the maximum points. However, in order to maintain the sustainability of the biogas plants work, it is necessary to introduce automatic control with sophisticated extremum seeking control (ESC) algorithms.
This paper presents the pioneering research on ESC of AD process with production of hydrogen and methane. This research has been realized by the Department of Biotechnology at The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology (SAIM) and the French-Chinese Laboratory on Automatic Control and Signal Processing (LaFCAS), in collaboration with the Laboratory of Signals and Systems (L2S) at the French National Center of Scientific Research CNRS.
FOREST FIRES IN 2020 - ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Tsakov Hristo , Alexandrov Alexandar , Zoteva Dafina , Roeva Olympia
Published: January 2022

The continuing climatic anomalies and the changed social realities caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic impose new responsibilities and new solutions for the management and use of forests.
Experts have proved that overexploitation of the forests and the annual burning of huge forest areas seriously jeopardize food security on a regional and global scale, the economic stability of communities reduces, and the environmental degradation increases.
The fiery hell in Australia in 2020 is one of the worst wildlife disasters in modern history. There are more than 115,000 square kilometers of bushes and forests devastated, thousands of homes destroyed, people and over three million wild animals killed.
In 2020, 499 fires were registered in the forest territories of Bulgaria with total area of 52455 dka. Deciduous and coniferous vegetation, grasses, border farmland and infrastructure are affected.
The paper summarizes the financial damage and resources used to extinguish the fires in the forests of Bulgaria in 2020, regardless of their ownership.
ACHIEVEMENTS IN SPACE EXPLORATIONS OF SPACE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE AT THE BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Authors: Borisova Denitsa , Jelev Georgi , Sotirov Georgi
Published: January 2022

The paper is devoted to the achievements in space explorations of the Space Research and Technology Institute at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. There are considered the research activities and shown the projects and perspective directions for work and their applications.
RADIATION SHIELDING AND DOSE ASSESSMENT OF THE CYCLOTRON FACILITY AT INRNE-BAS
Authors: Demerdjiev Anguel , Tonev Dimitar , Goutev Nikolai
Published: January 2022

The Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is working on the construction of a cyclotron centre. The facility is on a design level. At this stage of the project, an important task is the radiation shielding assessment of the facility. Nowadays, the Monte Carlo transport codes have become the tool of choice for solving this type of problem. In the current paper, the transport code FLUKA is used for the calculations. It is widely applied for shielding design and analysis of accelerators and their components. The distributions of the radiation fields inside and outside the cyclotron bunker are presented in this paper. Both different irradiation scenarios and bunker configurations are considered in the conducted Monte Carlo simulations. These results will be used as a guidance in site planning.
Effect of a 4-week static stretching program for plantar flexor muscles on physical performance and muscle properties
Authors: Junpei Sasadai , Noriaki Maeda , Shogo Sakai , Tsubasa Tashiro , Hitoshi Arima , Yukio Urabe
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:

The effects of a long-term static stretching program on physical performance parameters have not been elucidated completely, although the effects on muscle flexibility have a consensus.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a long-term static stretching program on physical performance and muscle properties.

METHODS:

Participants performed a 2-min static stretching for the ankle joint 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Physical performance and muscle properties was measured before and after the static stretching program.

RESULTS:

Results showed that range of motion (ROM), dynamic postural stability, and muscle hardness were positively changed, whereas other variables i.e. maximal isometric plantar flexion moment, jump heights, muscle-tendon junction displacement and its angle, were not.

CONCLUSIONS:

Four-week of SS program may improve ROM, dynamic postural stability, and muscle hardness without decreasing physical performance.
Self-Reported Visual Complaints in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: van der Lijn Iris , de Haan Gera A. , Huizinga Famke , van der Feen Fleur E. , Rutgers A. Wijnand F. , Stellingwerf Catherina , van Laar Teus , Heutink Joost
Published: January 2022

Background:

Scientific research increasingly focuses on visual symptoms of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, this mostly involves functional measures, whereas self-reported data are equally important for guiding clinical care.

Objective:

This review provides an overview of the nature and prevalence of self-reported visual complaints by people with PD, compared to healthy controls.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was performed. Studies from three databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science) were screened for eligibility. Only studies that reported results of visual self-reports in people with idiopathic PD were included.

Results:

One hundred and thirty-nine eligible articles were analyzed. Visual complaints ranged from function-related complaints (e.g., blurred vision, double vision, increased sensitivity to light or changes in contrast sensitivity) to activity-related complaints (e.g., difficulty reading, reaching, or driving). Visual complaints were more prevalent in people with PD compared to healthy controls. The presence of visual complaints leads to a reduced quality of life (QoL). Increased prevalence and severity of visual complaints in people with PD are related to longer disease duration, higher disease severity, and off-state.

Conclusion:

A large proportion of people with PD have visual complaints, which negatively affect QoL. Complaints are diverse in nature, and specific and active questioning by clinicians is advised to foster timely recognition, acknowledgement, and management of these complaints.
Establishment of electrochemical treatment method to dye wastewater and its application to real samples
Authors: Cheng Nian , Huang Jingyi , Wang Yingru
Published: January 2022

It is of great significance to study the treatment of organic dye pollution. In this work, a method of electrochemical treatment for reactive blue 19 dye (RB19) wastewater system was established, and it was applied to the actual dye wastewater treatment. The effects of applied voltage, electrolyte concentration, electrode spacing, and initial concentration on the removal effect of RB19 have been studied in detail. The results show that the removal rate of RB19 can reach 82.6% and the chemical oxygen demand (CODcr) removal rate is 54.3% under optimal conditions. The removal of RB19 in the system is mainly the oxidation of hydroxyl free radicals. The possible degradation pathway is inferred by ion chromatography: hydroxyl free radicals attack the chromophoric group of RB19 to make it fall off, and then decompose it into ring-opening. The product is finally oxidized to CO2 and water. The kinetic fitting is in accordance with the zero-order reaction kinetics. At the same time, using the established electrochemical system to treat the actual dye wastewater has also achieved good results. After 3 hours of treatment, the CODcr removal rate of the raw water is 44.8%, and the CODcr removal of the effluent can reach 89.5%. The degradation process conforms to the zero-order reaction kinetics. The result is consistent with the electrochemical treatment of RB19.
Piezoelectric catalytic, photocatalytic and adsorption capability and selectivity removal of various dyes and mixed dye wastewater by ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Tang Shengnan , Gao Huajing , Wang Shifa , Fang Leiming , Chen Xiping , Yang Hua , Chen Xiangyu , Liu Hao , Yi Zao
Published: January 2022

The C-O functional group decorated ZnO nanoparticles with high UV absorption and VIS/NIR reflectance were synthesized by a simple wet chemistry method using various chelating agents. This study attempts to explore the internal mechanism of the piezoelectric catalytic activity, photocatalytic activity and adsorption performance of ZnO nanoparticles. The phase purity, particle size, optical band gap and photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles showed strong chelating agent - dependent behavior. The ZnO nanoparticles prepared by using EDTA as a chelating agent exhibits smallest particle size, highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange, methylene blue and rhodamine B, high adsorption capacity for the adsorption of Congo red and high vibration-catalytic performance for the vibration degradation of rhodamine B. The synergies mechanism among piezoelectric catalysis, photocatalysis and adsorption capacity of ZnO nanoparticles are discussed on the basis of the experimental results.
THE SOUND DIMENSION IN THE UPPER BASIN OF THE MIÑO RIVER (GALICIA, NW IBERIAN PENINSULA)
Authors: Adrián Rodríguez María Celia , De Uña-Álvarez Elena
Published: January 2022

The sound spectrum of water configures representative marks of various environments, which define a sound heritage with scientific, cultural, emotional, sensorial and educational value. From this perspective, river environments comprise a wide spectrum of sonic resonances. This study, contextualized within the field of geo-sonority research, considers the recording and analysis of water through several samples from the upper basin of the Miño River. The objectives are to advocate for the role of sonority as part of the intangible heritage, to explore its character in the fluvial environment of inland Galicia, and to contribute to the preservation of the sonic marks of water as sounds inherent to the identity of an area. The methodology applied consists of phases of field recording, the creation of databases and of phonic analysis. Water in its sound form, from the drop rhythmically repeating to the roar of a waterfall, fills an audible sound spectrum that characterizes soundscapes. By registering, documenting, and analyzing the sounds of the water, we advance in the knowledge of the diversity of the sound environments in the river basin of the Miño River.
Religion and the Future of Nigeria: Lessons from the Yoruba Case
Authors: Peel J.D.Y.
Published: January 2022

This paper presents an illuminating analysis of the place of religion in Yoruba social and political life, and why the Yoruba experience represents a great ex­ample to the rest of Nigeria, particularly the religiously-volatile north of the country. Combining multiple approaches from historical sociology, the sociol­ogy of religlon, political history and the public lives of critical political and re­ligious agents over a period of about a century of Yoruba history, the article explains why the Yoruba case is an exemplar in religious harmony. He argues that the Yoruba are constantly pressed towards olaju (modernity/development/progress) which makes cross-cutting communal belonging more salient, thus ensuring that the Yoruba constantly mobilize both religious and secular insti­tutions and processes in the all-embracing project of olaju.
The Interface Between the Written and the Oral in lfa Corpus
Authors: Adegbindin Omotade
Published: January 2022

While the modernists in the field of African philosophy embrace writing as a precondition for philosophy and forcefully maintain the need to cast philoso­phy in the image of science, the traditionalists insist that African philosophy is essentially a philosophical reflection on African oral traditions, morals, and re­ligious practices. This essay argues that the intransigent relationship between the modernists and the traditionalists persists because the two dominant schools have failed to recognize the need to furnish a paradigm of interaction between their projects. From the standpoint of lfa, therefore, this paper rejects the written-oral dichotomy that is central to both the modernist and the tradi­tionalist orientations, occasioned by their parochial and provincial conceptions of philosophy respectively. The paper shows how lfa as a complete philosophy puts a premium on the need to bring individual views in oral and written cul­tures together to enhance a wider human vision in matters bordering on the intellectual configuration of our human society.
Glocalization of Yoruba Omoluwabi Ideology
Authors: Dasylva Ademola O.
Published: January 2022

Omoluwabi, a Yoruba concept of the Ideal persona, is well foregrounded in the Ifa corpus, the full meaning and import of which are either lost or taken for granted. Previous studles have examined the concept of Omoluwabi, inves­tigated its possible source(s) or origin, and explored its philosophy. The pres­ent writer has also been privileged, at different forums, to extend the study's frontiers in different directions, including evolving a home-grown theoretical basis for ideologizing the indigenous Yoruba concept. On each occasion, he has come up with additional exciting findings. The present discourse attempts to stretch the horizon of intellection a little further, such that the theoretical basis for interrogating the Yoruba personality using the Omoluwabi concept is guided by revisionist/historicist assumptions since one is dealing with an all-encompassing philosophical hermeneutic that both defines and engages the sociology of life and llving, the prevalent patterned attitude, and values in the indigenous Yoruba society. "Glocalizatlon," in this context, refers to the extent of the local relevance of pmqluwabl and the possibility of its attaining a higher pedestal of global ideological competitiveness. The paper argues that Omoluwabi remains one great ideology in the Yoruba Ifa knowledge systems practice that possesses a capacity for gauging socially approved human rela­tions of global magnitude; there is a plurality of poetics, not just one. The paper succeeds at, among other things, harnessing and streamlining prevlous find­ings of this writer on Omoluwabi with the current ones, with a view to sharing fundamental cultural information on the subject for the purpose of making it globally acceptable and adaptable. The paper concludes that the Omoluwabi ideology is capable of fostering genuine development, and that its relevance to worldviews, core universal values, and principles naturally compels an acknowl­edgment of its profundity, as well as ensures the possibility of its assuming a pedestal of universal philosophical and ideological mediation in an apparently troubled world, albeit not without some soft challenges.
Àjùmọ̀ṣe àti Ìgbélárugẹ Èdè Yorùbá fún Ìkọ́ni ní oríṣiríṣi ẹ̀kọ́
Authors: Olunlade Taiwo
Published: January 2022

Ero mi ninu apileko yii da lori bi a se le saayan fun idagbasoke ede Yoruba de ibi wi pe yoo see se lati le fi ede naa ko eko yoowu ti o le je-yala sayensi ni o tabi eko oro-aje tabi eko oro-iisseelu. Awon ibeere ti o se pataki lati beere bi ise yii yoo ba di sise ni mo la sile ni sise-n-tele. Mo si fi lpe sita fun awon akomolede Yoruba lati tara si ise idagbasoke ede yi.
Eré-onítàn Ìṣèlú Onírèké Òge gẹ́gẹ́ bíi Ìṣàfihàn Àléébù, Atọ́kùn Ìpèníjà àti ọ̀nà àbáyọ fún Ìṣejọba Nàìjíríà
Authors: Aransi Ayoola Oladunke , Olawale Hakeem
Published: January 2022

Bi eto-oselu awujo tabi orile-ede kan ba fe fese rinle pelu itesiwaju to jiire, o to, o si se pataki ki awon eniyan funra won finu-findo gbiyanju lati fi imo sokan pelu igbora-eni-ye nipa sise atunto lati le ri ojutuu si awon nnkan to baje nitori pe ko si ohun to baje koja atunse.
"The City as Muse": A Context-Oriented Meta-Historical Reading of Toyin Falola's A Mouth Sweeter than Salt
Authors: Odugbemi Ibrahim A.
Published: January 2022

A number of scholarly and critical arguments have explored the poetics of nonfiction, otherwise called life writing, as a sub-genre of prose literature. Against the common expectation of a detailed concentration on facts about the subject (the self or the other) which has made nonfiction to be seen in some quarters as a concern of history, such critical arguments have shown that this genre has its peculiar, predominant pattern and structure, which make it arguably a concern of the literary enterprise. A part of such argu­ments theoretically postulates that nonfiction is a meta-history, based on its identification of some textual and contextual properties and patterns of narra­tion which transform the life account of the self or other into a meta-historical (and not historical) expression, and therefore makes such writing a concern of literature. In extension of this argument, this paper examines Toyin Falola's memoir, A Mouth Sweeter than Salt, as a genre of life writing and, especially, a form of autobiography, by showing how the setting, Ibadan, in its cultural and social formations, is depicted as having contributed to the self-awareness, self-image and identity of the subject, and how this reflection makes the nar­rative a meta-historical expression.
Akinwumi Isola. Treasury of Childhood Memories. Translated by Pamela J. Olubunmi Smith. Austin, TX: Pan­ African University Press, 2016. 192 pp.
Authors: Afolayan Michael Oladejo
Published: January 2022

Review essay of Akinwumi Isola's Treasury of Childhood Memories. Translated by Pamela J. Olubunmi Smith. Austin, TX: Pan­ African University Press, 2016. 192 pp.
Yoruba Influences In Brazil
Authors: Verger Pierre
Published: January 2022

A reprint of an essay from ODO: Journal of Yoruba and Related Studies, Jan­uary, 1955, No. l.
The Use And Interpretation Of Myths
Authors: Biobaku S.O.
Published: January 2022

A reprint of an essay from ODO: Journal of Yoruba and Related Studies, Jan­uary, 1955, No. l.
The Historical and Psychological Significance of Yoruba Myths
Authors: Beier H.U.
Published: January 2022

A reprint of an essay from ODO: Journal of Yoruba and Related Studies, Jan­uary, 1955, No. l.
The Fears And Anxieties Of Delinquent Yoruba Children
Authors: Izzett Alison
Published: January 2022

A reprint of an essay from ODO: Journal of Yoruba and Related Studies, Jan­uary, 1955, No. l.
Introduction
Authors: Ojo Akinloye , Ayoola Gabriel , Zanuth Kehinde
Published: January 2022

Introduction to Volume 1, No. 2.
Malokun Festival and Practices among the Mahin on the Ilaje Coast
Authors: Omojeje Ajishola , Adu-Peters Raliat Olusola
Published: January 2022

Religious beliefs in the precolonial kingdom of Mahin in the Ilaje area of Yorubaland were closely linked to fishing, the fish trade, and other socio-economic activities. Apart from helping to catch fish for immediate consumption, the worship of Malokun facilitated short and long distance trade in fish as a veritable trade article to be exchanged for agricultural goods. This article relies largely on oral interviews gathered from stake-holders such as the practitioners of Malokun religious rites, especially the chiefs and other community members. A group of fishermen were also interviewed alongside some fish sellers in Mahinland and in Igbokoda, the central market of Ilaje. Fishing activity significantly impacted on the development of Mahin in the past. The efficacy of ritualperformances is still held in trust by the people whose ways of life are innately fused to the performances of Malokun. The article concludes that like the Mahin, most coastal communities in Yorubaland explored their natural endowments and entrenched them into their socio-economic activities; hence, religious beliefs and economic activities are interwoven and are regarded as inseparable.
Controlling the Boundaries of Morality: The History and Powers of Ayelala Deity
Authors: Raheem Oluwafunminiyi , Famiyesin Mike
Published: January 2022

The worship of deities has always been a major religious preoccupation among the Yoruba. Among these deities is Ayelala, a water goddess, who is not only worshiped with pomp and pageantry but also highly revered and respected for its judicial powers. As a deity of retribution and justice, Ayelala is believed to possess great powers which she uses against varying forms of social vice, such as armed robbery, sexual offences, and witchcraft to mention a few. Ayelala is reputed for seeking vengeance when the offender has forgotten her or his crime, and strikes her victims by inflicting on them bodily swelling and in few cases, dryness. Such is Ayelala’s overwhelming power and potency that the deity seeks to control the boundaries of morality and at the same time forms amajor bulwark against societal impropriety.

Our article examines the history of Ayelala, being one of the popular deities worshipped in coastal Yorubaland. It also interrogates how the deity’s power stems from the importance of boundaries and difference, insofar as these warrant the strict obedience of individuals, their families and the society as a whole to the prevailing set of moral demands. The article contends that beyond the narratives of power, potency and retribution, Ayelala’s role as an arbiter of justice underscores the importance of civic values held within communities where the deity is worshipped – which are also values that undergird intergroup relations. Though Ayelala worship is pervasive among the Ilaje, Ikale and Ijaw-Apoi communities of Ondo state, Nigeria, the deity is also linked with other neighboring and distant communities which highlight the unifying tendencies of a common religion and deity belief among different sub-ethnic groups.
The Importance of Trade for Reverend E. M. Lijadu and the Evangelist Band Mission
Authors: Ayodokun Joseph Osuolale
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the activities of the Evangelist Band Mission (EBM), led by Reverend E. M. Lijadu from 1901 to his death in 1926, in the coastal Ikale and Ilaje areas south of Ondo. The EBM whih operated in close association with the Church Missionary Society, but was financially independent and self-supporting. Trade was an important factor in ensuring its economic viability. The article also suggests that the availability of goods associated with Christianity, such as books, Western dress, and certain tools, was a factor that contributed to the adoption of Christianity because it allowed individuals to ‘try out’ forms of consumption associated with Christianity in a positive and yet containable way.
Healthcare Delivery among Yoruba Bonesetters in Southwest Nigeria and the Need for Collaboration with Orthodox Orthopedic Healthcare Services: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Asa Soladoye S. , Ilori Matthew O. , Akinyoola Lawrence A.
Published: January 2022

This study covers three purposively chosen states; Ogun, Ondo, and Oyo, in southwestern Nigeria. Primary data were collected using three sets of questionnaires. The respondent-driven sampling (RDS) technique was employed in selecting the respondents for the study. A total of 69 traditional bonesetters (TBS), 130 TBS patients, and 15 orthopedic surgeons were interviewed. The study reveals that majority (91.2%) of the TBS in the study area claimed that they had received an average of 11 patients from orthodox hospitals in the year preceding the survey while about 9.0% of the respondents reported that 78 Soladoye S. Asa, Matthew O. Ilori, and Lawrence A. Akinyoola they had on the average advised 6 patients per year to relocate to orthodox hospitals. The study also reveals the views of TBS areas of need from government to include recognition (93.7%) and integration into the country’s health system (63.5%). A majority (93.3%) of the orthopedic surgeons reported having received patients from TBS, and each surgeon had received, on average, 37 patients per year. All the orthopedic surgeons surveyed believed that TBS lacked knowledge in the management of bone injuries, apart from setting bones. Other issues considered critical by the doctors in the management of fractures by TBS included lack of training in the biology of bones (86.7%) and inability to refer cases to modern health facilities (73.3%). The proportion of orthopedic surgeons who had ever thought of a possible interaction between TBS and orthopedic surgeons was 80.0% while 86.7% would advise the establishment of such interaction. Furthermore, the study reveals that more than half (54.6%) of TBS patients made a TBS clinic their first choice for treatment. The paper concludes that integration will go a long way to improving the health of the population, thereby significantly reducing deaths or disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost.
Demographics and the Irony of Existential Profiling in Yorùbá Thought: Policy Considerations for Nigeria
Authors: Olajide Wale
Published: January 2022

This essay interrogates what can be described as Yorùbá population philosophy, within the context of Yorùbá existential thought, and the effects it has on Nigeria’s population explosion. The essay explores the seemingly contradictory proverbs that both vindicate and vilify the act of giving birth to many children. The essay further connects this traditional Yorùbá wisdom to contemporary procreative practices of Yorùbá Christians and Muslims, and their interpretations of scriptural injunction to be fruitful and multiply. I then argue that if Nigeria’s lackluster policy on population is taken into consideration, the implications of the Yorùbá, as well as other ethnic groups’, population philosophy will not only aggravate the Nigerian postcolonial predicament, but will eventually explode the population time bomb already ticking in Nigeria. The essay recommends that given the existential complexities attached to giving birth to a child, together with the demographic exigencies on Nigeria’s national predicament, marriage ought to be strictly regulated and limited to those with the capacity for sustainability.
Àsùwàda Principle and Inter-Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria
Authors: Salami Yunusa Kehinde
Published: January 2022

This paper examines the àsùwàdà principle as an indigenous social theory, which is based on alásùwàdà, a body of doctrines according to which the creator of human beings and everything in nature, dá (created) individual human beings as à-sù-wà (beings who can only live successfully as part of a human group with a purpose). By establishing a teleological or purposeful unity and interconnectedness among all human beings, the àsùwàdà principle suggests that all human beings are created to be gregarious in nature and enjoy the best ìwà (existence or character) when they sù-wà (live in group). This paper interrogates the àsùwàdà principle in relation to the problem of ethnic conflicts in Nigeria. The paper concludes that if as human beings, we are dá (created) to be àsùwà, then, with the complementary ideas of alájọbí, alájọgbé, and ìfọgbọ́ntáyéṣe, ethnic pluralism should not necessarily lead to ethnic antagonism or conflict.
A Sartrean Approach to Ayé Ṣίṣe in Yorùbá Existentialism
Authors: Balogun Babalọla Joseph
Published: January 2022

The place of the world in the life of individual human being cannot be underestimated. This fact has culminated in the high esteem in which the concept of the world is held in the existentialist thinking. Using the Sartrean existentialist methodological approach, the paper critically examines the notion of the world (ayé) in the existentialist thinking of the Yoruba people of Nigeria. The paper argues that although humans find themselves thrown into the world (ayé) amidst situations that are not of their own making, sometimes amidst untoward circumstances, the right mark of an authentic existence is ṣíṣe ayé which literally means “doing the world”, rather than mere gbígbé ayé, that is, living in the world. The paper concludes that the hallmark of authentic existence is to be found in the act of “doing the world” rather than just living in it.
The Freedom Fight: A Novel of Resistance and Freedom. A Translation by Pamela J. Olubunmi Smith of Adébáyọ̀ Fálétí’s Ọmọ Olókùn Ẹṣin
Authors: Afolayan Michael Oladejo
Published: January 2022

The story entailed in Ọmọ Olókùn Ẹṣin (The Freedom Fight) is straightforward. Àjàyí, the titular hero, starts off with the direct first-person narrative. The story starts off straight from the horse’s mouth, setting the stage for all other active agents to render their own sides of the events, to which everyone else is not privy. Here is the snippet of the novel directly from the author’s blurb: Àjàyí, son of Council Chief Olókùn Ẹṣin of Àgùn, seeks independence on behalf of his Òkè Ògùn kinsmen, independence from the oppressive Òkò, one of the principal regions of Yorùbáland. To this end he and his many friends – among them Àyọwí from Igboho, and Ibiwumi, the Otu Baale’s ̀ daughter – who help him narrate this story, suffered untold hardships. In the beginning, the very countrymen he sought to liberate were opposed to the talk of independence because no one could really grasp the idea. However, in the end, Àjàyí prevailed. Where shall we begin this tale? Which among the story’s many episodes should one emphasize – is it Kọ́lájọ’s demonic rampage, or Ibiwumi’s calculated risk, or Lagbogun’s greed and flagrant abuse of power and privilege? Incidents abound – highlights herein include the riot in Baba-Ode Townships; the fight at Idi Araba; the bizarre encounter in the market 200 Michael Oladejo Afolayan center at Igboho; even the scuffle outside Baale of Ìgbẹtì’s compound; and, ́ of course, many more of Àjàyí’s numerous acts of valour and defiance.
Ọ̀rọ̀ Lẹyẹ ń Gbọ́! A Deserving Tribute to Alàgbà Adébáyọ̀Mosọbalájé Ajíbádé Àkàndé Fálétí (Ọdẹ Àdàbà)
Authors: Ayoh’Omidire Félix
Published: January 2022

The Institute of Cultural Studies is today celebrating in grand style the life and arts of Late Alàgbà Adébáyọ̀ Mosobalaje Ajibade Akande Fálétí (1921- 2017). This grand gesture is a testimony of the importance of Bàbá Fálétí and the great value this University community attached and continues to attach to the passage of this great man through our Citadel of Learning. On the whole, Adébáyọ Fálétí was recognized as a singular man of culture ̀ whose imprints in the sand of the Yorùbá cultural terrain have forever become indelible, thanks to his intense dedication to the promotion of the Yorùbá “ọmọlúàbí” cultural ethos and the use of his God-given talents to promote Yorùbá history, poetry, orature, cinema and the Arts in general.
Pagidarì, Adébáyọ̀FálétìRe’lé Poo!
Authors: Ọmọlọlá Báyọ̀
Published: January 2022

Bigi ke ́ ́keré bá dá nigbo ́ , ́ Ẹranko igbó tun le ́ ṣeré ka. ́ Bigi n ́ ́lá bá wo; ́ Ariwo rẹ ni ̀kan ni ̀ ́ i ́ gbagbo ́ ́ ka; ́ Gbogbo igbó a wa pa lọ́lọ. ́ Ẹ̀lirí ́ ki ́ i ́ bẹ́ si ́lẹ ká gbọ́ ‘ji à ’rẹ̀ ̀ bi ́ tẹran tó tóbi. ́ Igi ńlá ojúlowo ́ ́ ọmọ Yoruba ̀ ́ kan tó t’òdé Ọyọ̀ ́ wá derin tó gòke ̀ àlọ! ̀ Erin wo! ́ Erin ò le e ̀ di ̀de; Àjanà ̀kú sun bi ̀ ́ òke! ́ Gbédegbe ̀ yọ́ ́ wá lọ poo! Ẹ bá mi pe baba tó dá nitọ, ́ Boya wọn a jẹ ́ ́ jẹni. Adébayọ́ , ọmọ Fa ̀ ́letí ́ oò o! ̀ Inú ilé le bá wa, ẹ di ́ ̀de. Ẹ̀hin‘kùlé lẹ bá wa, ẹ wọ ̀ ̀dẹ̀dẹ. ̀ Ọọ̀ ́kan ile ́ ́ lẹ bá wa, ẹ ta’ti yi ̀ n were. ́ Adébayọ̀ ̀ Fáletí , ale ́ ́dèleté ; ̀ Abafará -orin-lẹ ́ nu. ́ Gbàkan-gbi ̀i ́ Yorùbá ń bẹ lẹnú ́ baba. Ká fọgbọn i ́ ̀bi ́lẹ ṣeè to, ̀ Ká fa komo ̀ ó ̀kun yọ, Giwa ́ ́ ni baba.
Yoruba-Chinese Ethical Intersectionality: Towards a Community of Shared Future in Afro-Asian Diasporic Spaces
Authors: Olayoku Philip Ademola
Published: January 2022

Diasporic communities, as geographies of national cultures abroad, are central to cultural hybridity as new cultures emerge when migrants intersect with their host communities. They have also been construed by national governments as informal trajectories for continuities of economic and diplomatic relations. This study examines the cultural intersectionality of the Yoruba and Chinese diasporic communities by situating the points of convergence for normative ethics within the Yoruba – Chinese sociocultural experiences as cross-cultural templates for diasporic spaces serving to consolidate official national partnerships. The study explores case studies from performances of the Chinese Ru tradition, founded on three basic virtues of ren, yi and li, and juxtaposes them with Yoruba ethical equivalents of ṣ’ènìyàn (humaneness), òdodo (righteousness) and ìwà-ètọ́ ̣(propriety) as prerequisites for qualifying as omo ̣ lúàbí ̣ . The study contends that these ethical codes, retained in diasporic communities through family traditions, music and theatre, are viable templates for smooth Nigeria-China relations in building the proposed community of shared future within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
Yoruba Indigenous Medicine in Search of Justification
Authors: Oyelakin Richard Taye
Published: January 2022

Yoruba Indigenous Medicine (YIM) faces the question of empirical justification. This presents a satisfying conditions of the scientific requirements for its significance and recognition. YIM is questioned for lack of empirical justification whereas Orthodox Medicine (OM) takes pride in being justified. This paper argues that if being justified is being empirically verifiable, then science, which is the foundation for OM, is also ultimately unjustified. If YIM is magical because it is not empirically justifiable then OM suffers the same fate. However, the paper further argues that if being justified is defined by being efficacious, then YIM is as justified as OM. The paper intends to show that science is ultimately empirically unjustified. Showing this disqualifies OM from alleging YIM as empirically unjustified. The paper concludes that in matter of empirical justification, both YIM and OM fall whereas in matter of efficacy they stand. Employing philosophical means, the paper holds that YIM shares the same lot with OM. Therefore, OM lacks sufficient grounds to declare YIM as unjustified.
A Survey of Audience Reception of Atọ́ka, A Yorubá Photoplay Magazine
Authors: Akangbé Clement Adéníyi
Published: January 2022

Atokạ́ is a Yorubá photodrama magazine produced in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria from 1967-1991. Published by West African Book Publishers (WABP) and printed by their sister company, Academy Press, Atoka ̣́ was a bi-monthly magazine which, while it lasted, hit the stands fortnightly. Extensive works have been done on Yorubá drama by several scholars. While some looked at specific theater companies, some studied the selected plays of particular companies, and some others examined the production of certain organizations at a particular phase. Despite these myriad of works, some other production media, particularly the stage, celluloid film, and home video film, have gained the attention of researchers extensively but photoplay in particular, and radio, television, and the phonograph-disc have not been so lucky. Apart from some works (Ogundeji 1981, Aro ́ ́hunmolas ̣́ ẹ ̣ 1982, Adeoye 1984, ́ Bolạ́ ́ji ́ 1985, Adéléke 1995, and Akangbé 2014) that referred to and passed comments on Yorubá photoplay, no one has carried out a seminal study on the history, production, and content of Atoka ̣́ photoplay magazine. None of the aforementioned endeavors focused on the audience reception of Atokạ́ photoplay magazine. By implication, there are very scanty works on the photoplay genre and virtually none on audience reception of Yorubá photoplay magazine. It is this yawning gap that this study intends to fill by studying the peculiarities of the readers of Atokạ́ photoplay magazine. This paper is divided into nine parts, namely: Abstract, Introduction, Overview of Yorubá 140 Clement Adéníyì Àkàngbé photoplay magazine, Reception theory, Methodology, Data analysis, Discussion of findings, Conclusion, and Recommendations.
Translators’ Personality in the Translations of D.O. Fagunwa’s Igbó Olódùmarè
Authors: Odoje Clement
Published: January 2022

The concept “Translation” has been examined by many scholars from different perspectives, but little attention has been devoted to the personalities of the translators in their translation works. The concern of this essay is to consider the personalities of the translators of D.O. Fagunwa’s novel, Igbó Olódùmarè in line with the theories of Natural and Directional equivalence to foreground the idea that translation is heavily dependent on the translators’ personality. It was found that translators’ motive, purpose, language choice, and religious background have an immense influence on their approach to translation.
Chief Isaac Oluwole Delano: A Legend and His Legacy
Authors: Falola Toyin
Published: January 2022

No honor befits a person who enjoys life without helping his country. What glory is entitled to a lazy person that the courageous man does not have? The head of a lazy person is not comparable to the nail of the strong; shame follows the pride of the lazy.2 Chief Isaac Delano discovered his intellectual mission during the colonial moment. The nature of the colonial state influenced his writings. The body of his work operated in a context of colonial-modernist state. The colonial power, in its imperialist/messianic philosophy and the quest to inscribe European ethos on other cultures, the colonized people of Nigeria, like others elsewhere, were told that the root to modernity was the European way of life. Tough it claimed to be liberal as it evolved from an already civilized society, “magnanimous” enough to spread the gospel truth of this civility and civilization to other societies still living far below their human potentials in their various crude and barbaric enclaves, it was not liberal enough to the extent of accommodating all indigenous cultural elements of the colonized people. Delano had to respond to the limitation of the colonial modernist project. Tus, for one to be qualified as being civilized—or call it “modern” if you like—is to be successful in the indoctrinated inevitability of combating every feature of one’s culture, values, and traditions to win the trophy of modernity.
Poetic Exploration of Obasa’s Prolegomenous Poetry
Authors: Adeleke Duro
Published: January 2022

Mere mentioning of poetics often ignites the memory of Aristotle whose admiration is hinged on the elegance and clarity of his style in poetics. Tis is as a result of the historic influence of poetics or aesthetics as well as the quality of its thought. Tus, poetics is not devoid of philosophical nuances. Based on this premise, an attempt is made here to explore the poetic strands in Obasa’s trilogy, wherein Yorubá proverbs are strung together. The paper, therefore, considers aesthetic category of artistic mimesis, intertextuality and components of all diction alongside stylistic elements because the principal task of poetics is to measure its legitimate domain in language. Tus, it is averred that literature depends on linguistic structure for its existence since language is the substance of literature (in our own instance, poetry). The essay adopts an eclectic theoretical approach since Obasa’s craftsmanship and subject-matter span an avalanche of forms and structures imbued with stylistic features. Primary data are largely drawn from his anthologies which facilitate the content analysis. In its findings, the paper has brought to the fore the fact that Obasa employed adaptation and mimesis in his presentation creatively, ̣ while different stylistic elements in his trilogy are replete with deviation. An attempt is made to bring into bold relief the suggestion that metaphor forms the hub of all other tropes that give grandeur to poetics in Obasa.
Serialization of Ọbasa’s Poems in The Yorùbá News
Authors: Ibikunle Tolulope
Published: January 2022

Every newspaper has its form, structure, and pattern. The Yorùbá News published between 1924-1945 was not an exception, as it comprised of different contents ranging from the editorial opinion to home news, gossip, adverts, and serialization of different forms of narratives. D.A. Ọbasa, the publisher ́ of The Yorùbá News, also published many works of poetry. Ọbasa started the publication of excerpts of his poems in The Yoruba News under the column “Àwọn Akéwì.” Serializing these poems, therefore, means issuing them regularly and consecutively in diferent editions of the newspaper. In the various scholarly engagements with Ọbasa’s works, little or no attention has been given to the serialization of his poems in Te Yorùbá News. The focus of this easy therefore is to fill this gap by highlighting and documenting the serialized poems of Ọbasa in Te Yorùbá News. Trough intertextuality theory, the easy aims at appraising how Ọbasa transfer his knowledge of the Yorùbá oral literature to his readers through his application of oral poetic form from his serialized poems. Tis work will therefore dwell on Intertextuality and its influence on the works of Ọbasa, which will enable us to discuss his creative ability as a cultural activist.
The Form and Content of Ọbasa’s Weekly Newspaper: The Yorùbá News
Authors: Akangbe Clement Adeniyi
Published: January 2022

The Yorubà News, published by Obasa ̣ , co-pioneered journalism, nay publishing, in Yorùbá language in southwestern Nigeria. Based in Ìbàdan and ̀ published by Ìlarè Printers, ̣́ The Yorùbá News, a bi-lingual serial in English and Yorùbá languages, remarkably had varying contents and wide circulation covering its locale, Íbàdan significantly; the southern protectorate, particularly Yorùbá land appreciably; and the entire nation, Nigeria marginally. Published weekly, Obasa – the Editor and Proprietor – successfully edited ̣ The Yorubà News ́ for over two decades from 1924 – 1945 when he died. Adopting the Diffusion of Innovations theory, this study examines the form and content of the newspaper. The form examines the structure and layout of the newspaper while the content discusses and evaluates issues covered in the publication. The form of The Yorùbá News is discussed in the context of the print media as a periodical by taking technical cognizance of its physical features: format, design and layout, typography, columns, paper, size and production quality. Content-wise, the paper exhaustively describes the subject matters of The Yorubà News ́ by dwelling critically on the issues raised, examining in details and critiquing its recurrent subject matters notably: the news stories, editorials, cover, advertorials, news and notes, etc. The inter-dependence of form and content is also examined to bring to the fore the social, cultural, political, and economic values of the maiden Yorùbá Newspaper: The Yorùbá News.