bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the effects of some environmental variables on the zoobenthic community structure: The case of Porsuk Stream (Sakarya River, Türkiye)
Authors: Mercan Deniz
Published: December 2022

In order to examine the effects of some physicochemical parameters on the zoobenthic community structure in Porsuk Stream, seasonal zoobenthic samples were collected from 6 stations between 2020-2021, and some physicochemical parameters were also measured. Within the scope of the study, a total of 30 families, 4 from the Gastropoda, 1 from the Bivalvia, 3 from the Clitellata, and 22 from the Insecta, were identified. Families Tubificidae, Erpobdellidae, and Chironomidae were identified at each station. Dominant groups in Porsuk Stream zoobenthos; Tubificidae (41.90 %), Chironomidae (16.68 %), Gammaridae (7.84), Valvatidae (6.16 %), Naididae (5.30 %), Asellidae (3.73 %), Physidae (% 3.48 %), Dreissenidae (3.16 %), Baetidae (3.07 %), Simuliidae (1.70 %), Erpobdellidae (1.69%) and Lymnaeidae (1.32 %), respectively. The highest dissolved oxygen value was measured in the Sobran Stream with an average of 11.3 mg/L. Detection of Caenidae from Ephemeroptera and Hydropsychidae from Trichoptera with low tolerance to pollution and results of the Canonical Correspondence Analysis in this station shows that dissolved oxygen concentration is effective on the distribution of taxa determined in the basin. At the same time, this station has the highest BMWP (64) and Shannon (2.22) values.
The effect of intermittent fasting on gut microbiota
Authors: Selen Halime , Seylam Küşümler Aylin
Published: December 2022

Nutritional habits are known to affect the gut microbiota. Recently, it has been focused on the effect of the time taken in food on the microbiota rather than the variety of food intake, and it has been seen that this affects the microbiome. Although it has been reported that intermittent fasting increases beneficial microorganisms in the microbiota and decreases pathogenic microorganisms, its mechanism of action has not been fully explained. The purpose of this review is to interpret current studies examining the relationship between intermittent fasting and microbiota.
SOCIAL COMPARISON DENGAN FEAR OF MISSING OUT PADA REMAJA PENGGUNA AKTIF MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Silvia Silvia , Appulembang Yeni Anna
Published: December 2022

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara social comparison dan fear of missing out pada remaja pengguna aktif media sosial.  Partisipan dari penelitian ini sebanyak 201 remaja berusia 12-19 tahun yang aktif menggunakan media sosial (Instagram, Facebook, Twitter dan Tiktok). Teknik pengambilan sampel memanfaatkann non probablity sampling-incidental sampling. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif non eksperimental dengan menggunakan uji korelasi. Dalam pengumpulan data di lapangan, peneliti menggunakan dua skala psikologi yaitu social comparison dan fear of missing out. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwasanya terdapat hubungan antara social comparison dan fear of missing dengan nilai p = 0,000 (p < 0,05), dan koefisien korelasi (r) = 0,461. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara social comparison dengan fear of missing out. Dengan hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa individu yang terlalu banyak menghabiskan waktu di media sosial, dapat memicu meningkatnya kecenderungan individu untuk membandingkan kehidupan nya dengan oranglain. Individu akan  menganggap bahwa orang lain memiliki  kehidupan yang lebih baik darinya, sehingga muncul kecenderungan untuk terus memperhatikan dan ingin terhubung dengan orang tersebut dan akan merasa khawatir jika tertinggal informasi mengenai kehidupan orang tersebut. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan agar media sosial hanya dapat digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi yang bermanfaat bagi remaja.___________________________________________________________________This study aims to determine the relationship between social comparison and fear of missing out among adolescents who are active social media users. The participants of this study were 201 adolescents aged 12-19 years who actively use social media (Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and Tiktok). The sampling technique utilizes non-probablity sampling-incidental sampling. This research is a non-experimental quantitative study using a correlation test. In collecting data in the field, researchers used two psychological scales, namely social comparison and fear of missing out. The test results show that there is a relationship between social comparison and fear of missing with a value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05), and a correlation coefficient (r) = 0.461. This shows that there is a positive relationship between social comparison and fear of missing out. This result shows that individuals who spend too much time on social media can trigger an increased tendency for individuals to compare their lives with others. Individuals will assume that other people have a better life than them, so there is a tendency to continue to pay attention and want to be connected with that person and will feel worried if information is left behind about that person's life. Therefore, it is hoped that social media can only be used to obtain useful information for teenagers.
STRATEGI COPING STRESS PADA PROSES PEMULIHAN PENGGUNA NARKOTIKA DI BNNP SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Munthe Nurhalijah , Santika Winda , Andini Rizki Dwi , Daulay Annisa Arumaisyah , Yanti Fitri
Published: December 2022

Proses penyembuhan/ rehabilitasi tidak semudah yang dibayangkan. Banyak para pengguna narkotika mengalami yang namanya stress. Jadi dalam hal ini cara individu untuk keluar dari permasalahan – permasalahan itu dinamakan strategi Coping stress. Coping adalah upaya yang diarahkan untuk melindungi diri. coping stress adalah upaya atau respon individu dalam rangka mengaturu, mengatasi, mengendalikan tuntutan baik dari internal dan eksternal klien dalam menghadapi tekanan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui strategi coping stress dari klien narkotika dan bagaimana cara klien dalam bersikap dalam mengahadapi stress dalam proses pemulihan. Metode penelitian digunakan ialah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan  deskriptif, Lokasi penelitian d di BNN Sumatera utara Jl. Balai Pom No.1, Medan Estate, kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Kebupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara. Waktu penelitian d tanggal 28 September – 26 Oktober 2022. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan observasi lapangan, wawancara dan dokumentasi sebagai pendukung. Menggunakan teknik analisa induktif. Hasil penelitian Strategi coping stress ada dua yaitu strategi problem-focused coping dengan Aktivitas yang dilakukan klien tidur, bercerita, olahraga, bekerja, menonton hiburan seperti film mandarin.  Strategi emotion – focud – coping klien pergi ke gereja berdoa serta niat yang baik untuk sembuh dari narkotika sehingga memilih untuk direhabilitasi. ________________________________________________________________ The healing/rehabilitation process is not as easy as imagined. Many drug users experience what is called stress. So in this case the individual way to get out of the problems is called the coping stress strategy. Coping is an effort directed to protect oneself. Coping stress is an individual effort or response in order to manage, overcome, control the demands of both internal and external clients in the face of pressure. The purpose of the study was to determine the stress coping strategies of narcotic clients and how the client behaved in dealing with stress in the recovery process. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The research location is in BNN North Sumatra Jl. Balai Pom No.1, Medan Estate, kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra. Research time d on 28 September – 26 October 2022. Data collection techniques with observation and interviews and documentation Inductive analysis techniques. The results of the study There are two stress coping strategies, namely Problem focused coping strategies with activities carried out by clients sleeping, telling stories, exercising, working, watching entertainment such as mandarin movies. emotion – focus – coping strategies Clients go to church to pray and have good intentions to recover from narcotics so they choose to be rehabilitated.
PENGARUH LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK MELALUI METODE MUHASABAH TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN PERILAKU RELIGIUS SISWA
Authors: Yiying Yiying , Fitriani Wahidah
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh layanan bimbingan kelompok terhadap pembentukan perilaku religius siswa melalui metode muhasabah. Desain yang digunakan adalah pre test-post test design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 10 orang siswa kelas XII Multimedia 1 SMK N 1 Kota Bengkulu yang memiliki perilaku religius yang masih rendah dan sangat rendah. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji z. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa perilaku religius siswa meningkat setelah diberikan layanan bimbingan kelompok, hal ini terlihat dari mean pretest 120.77 dan mean posttest 22,60 dengan nilai Z= - 2.807 dan p= 0.005 maka p<0.05. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan layanan bimbingan kelompok terhadap perilaku religius siswa. Kontribusi pengaruh layanan bimbingan kelompok dalam meningkatkan perilaku religius siswa di lihat dari indeks koefisien determinasi (r2) menunjukan hasil 5%. Rekomendasi peneliti kepada peneliti selanjutnya yaitu dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh layanan bimbingan kelompok terhadap aspek lain pada diri siswa yang dapat membantu dalam mencapai kesuksesan belajar.____________________________________________________________________This research purpose to describe the influence of group conseling service towards the establishment of religius behavior students. The design is a pre test-post test design. The sample of this research was 10 students class XII Multimedia 1 SMK N 1 Bengkulu City. who have religious behavior which is still low and very low. The Technique of data information in this research used questionnaire. The data analysis techniques using the test z. The results of the research indicate that the students' religious behavior increases after being given group conseling services, it is seen from the mean pretest 120.77 and the mean posttest 22.60 with the value of Z = - 2.807 and p = 0.005 then p <0.05. The conclusion there is a significant influence of group guidance with students' religious behavior. The contribution of group conseling services in improving perceptions of deviation in student social behavior of the coefficient of determination index (r2) the result is 5%. The researcher's recommendation to further researchers is to conduct research on the effect of group guidance services on other aspects of students' self that can help in achieving learning success.
DAMPAK MINAT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA PADA MATERI HIDROLISIS GARAM DI MADRASAH ALIYAH (MA) NEGERI MANOKWARI SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Sugianingsih Arum , Murtihapsari Murtihapsari , Parubak Apriani Sulu , Larasati Christiana Niken , Ramlah Ramlah
Published: December 2022

Kegiatan pembelajaran memerlukan metode yang tepat terutama dimasa pandemi COVID-19 yang mengadakan pembelajaran online. Pembelajaran online membutuhkan motivasi dan pemahaman konsep yang lebih agar minat belajar siswa meningkat sehingga dapat mengikuti proses pembelajaran dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Untuk mengetahui  dampak minat terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa  dan (2) persen  pengaruh dampak minat terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa belajar siswa pada materi hidrolisis garam kelas XI IPA MA Negeri Manokwari selama pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif . Populasi yang digunakan siswa kelas XI IPA 1 dan IPA 2 MA Negeri Manokwari Semester Genap Tahun ajaran 2021/2022 terdiri sebanyak 35 orang siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan angket minat belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya dampak negatif dan positif pada minat terhadap hasil belajar siswa yang diperoleh dari persentase respon siswa, dan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan sebesar 0,003. Berdasarkan analisis R Square menunjukkan adanya pengaruh minat belajar sebesar 23%.
EFEKTIFITAS PENERAPAN MODEL BELAJAR LEARNING CYCLE 5E BERBANTUAN MEDIA AJAR CHEMDRAW TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI GUGUS FUNGSI
Authors: Pratiwi Suffi , SimareMare Mangiring , Juwitaningsih Tita
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya dominasi penggunaan metode ceramah, tanpa bantuan media pembelajaran terkhusus pada pembelajaran kimia organik di SMA Negeri 4 Kisaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil belajar siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan model Learning cycle 5E berbantuan media Chemdraw dan model Learning cycle 5E berbantuan media PPT pada materi turunan senyawa hidrokarbon dan gugus fungsi di kelas XII, serta menguji efektivitas media Chemdraw apabila di perbantukan dengan model Learning cycle 5E. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan model Learning cycle 5E berbantuan media Chemdraw dan siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan model  Learning cycle 5E  berbantuan media PPT pada materi senyawa turunan hidrokarbon dan gugus fungsi. Hal ini dilihat dari hasil uji mann whitney dengan perolehan nilai signifikansi sebesar  0,001<0,05 yang berarti Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Serta perolehan nilai posttest dari kelas eksperimen sebesar 86,6, lebih unggul dibandingkan kelas kontrol dengan perolehan nilai posttest sebesar 80,2. Media Chemdraw termasuk media yang cukup efektif diperbantukan dengan model belajar Learning cycle 5E dengan nilai N-gain Score sebesar 0,538 yang termasukdalam kategori sedang.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT JAMUR ENDOFITIK RS-1 DARI TUMBUHAN ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA BERAS HITAM
Authors: Safitri Salsabila , Etika Sri Benti , Riga Riga
Published: December 2022

Tumbuhan Andrographis paniculata menghasilkan beragam metabolit sekunder yang memiliki berbagai aktivitas biologis termasuk antibakteri. Senyawa antibakteri pada tumbuhan ini juga dapat diekplorasi dari jamur endofitik yang berasosiasi dengan tumbuhan A. paniculata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri jamur endofitik RS-1 dari ranting tumbuhan A. paniculata menggunakan media beras hitam. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari isolasi, kultivasi, ekstraksi, uji antibakteri dan uji kandungan metabolit sekunder dari jamur endofitik pada ranting tumbuhan A. paniculata. Uji efektivitas aktivitas antibakteri terhadap ekstrak EtOAc jamur endofitik RS-1 menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak jamur RS-1 pada media beras hitam mampu menghambat pertumbuhan tiga bakteri uji pada konsentrasi 1%, 3% dan 5%. Ekstrak EtOAc  jamur endofitik RS-1 dari tumbuhan A. paniculata menggunakan media beras hitam mempunyai potensi sebagai sumber senyawa antibakteri.
VALIDITAS DAN PRAKTIKALITAS MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF DENGAN KONTEKS KEMARITIMAN MATERI FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI LAJU REAKSI
Authors: Wijayati Astri , Khoirunnisa Fitriah , Sabekti Ardi Widhia
Published: December 2022

Berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan yang telah dilakukan, kurangnya media pembelajaran menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang terjadi di tingkat sekolah menengah atas, khususnya pada mata pelajaran kimia, terutama pada materi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi laju reaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan multimedia interaktif dengan konteks kemaritiman pada materi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi laju reaksi. Pengembangan dilakukan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan Alessi dan Trollip dengan tiga tahapan yaitu tahap perencanaan, perancangan, dan pengembangan. Untuk mengukur kualitas multimedia interaktif dilakukan uji validitas dan uji praktikalitas. Hasil validasi media dan materi pada multimedia interaktif dengan konteks kemaritiman pada materi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi laju reaksi diperoleh hasil 89.28% dan 84.37% dengan kategori sangat valid dan layak diujicobakan kepada guru dan peserta didik. Hasil praktikalitas multimedia interaktif dengan konteks kemaritiman pada materi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi laju reaksi terhadap guru dan peserta didik diperoleh 87.5% dan 82% dengan kriteria sangat praktis.
Hybrid Sensor for Determining Air Gap Anomalies in Synchronous Generators
Authors: Zaitsev Ievgen O. , Bereznychenko Victorii O.
Published: December 2022

In the paper shows, that from the moment of the start of production until the moment of final decommissioning, a number of physico-chemical and thermomechanical processes take place in the structural elements of powerful hydrogen generators (HG) in its rotating and non-rotating structural elements. Over time, these processes lead to a change in the actual technical condition of the HG nodes and the development of defects that affect the efficiency of the HG. The determination of the actual technical condition of HG based on the evaluation of a complex of control and diagnostic parameters of various nature, which include electrical, mechanical, temperature, magnetic, and technological parameters. The reliability of determining the actual technical condition, determining the presence of defects in the facility, assessing the possibility of further use of the energy facility depends on how fully the controlled parameters reflect its actual technical condition. The air gap between the rotor and the stator is one of the main nodes of the HG, in which the mechanical energy of the water pressure transformed into electrical energy. The design feature of the air gap in the HG is its relatively small size compared to the bore diameter of the stator. The size and value of the asymmetry and uneven distribution of the air gap largely determine the actual characteristics of the HG and its behavior during operation, and significantly affect a number of other characteristics of the machine (Value of the end magnetic fluxes and losses that occur in the extreme packages of the core and pressure plates of the stator; on the value and distribution of losses on the surface of the rotor poles; as well as on the area of permissible modes of operation of the generators). Determining the value of asymmetry and uneven distribution of the air gap only based on the data of the air gap control does not allow to fully determining the type of defect that led to the change in the air gap distribution on a working machine. For increase the efficiency of determining the types of defects associated with air gap anomalies, it is advisable to use hybrid sensors, which, in addition to capacitive air gap sensors, contain an additional sensor in their structure was shown.The calculation of the additional information component in the form of EMF is given.
Permeability Prediction in One of Iraqi Carbonate Reservoir Using Statistical, Hydraulic Flow Units, and ANN Methods
Authors: Salman Ohood , Hasan Omar Falih , Al-Jawad Sameer
Published: December 2022

Permeability is an essential parameter in reservoir characterization because it is determined hydrocarbon flow patterns and volume, for this reason, the need for accurate and inexpensive methods for predicting permeability is important. Predictive models of permeability become more attractive as a result.
   A Mishrif reservoir in Iraq's southeast has been chosen, and the study is based on data from four wells that penetrate the Mishrif formation. This study discusses some methods for predicting permeability. The conventional method of developing a link between permeability and porosity is one of the strategies. The second technique uses flow units and a flow zone indicator (FZI) to predict the permeability of a rock mass using data from cores and well logs. The approach is used to predict the permeability of some uncored wells/intervals. The flow zone indicator is an efficient metric for calculating hydraulic flow units since it is based on the geological properties of the material and varied geometries pore of rock mass (HFU) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analysis is another way for predicting permeability. The result shows the FZI method, gave acceptable results compared with the obtained from core analysis than the other methods.
Comparison of Estimation Sonic Shear Wave Time Using Empirical Correlations and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Mohammed Al Said Naji Jassim , H. Abdul-Majeed Ghassan , K. Alhuraishawy Ali
Published: December 2022

Wellbore instability and sand production onset modeling are very affected by Sonic Shear Wave Time (SSW). In any field, SSW is not available for all wells due to the high cost of measuring. Many authors developed empirical correlations using information from selected worldwide fields for SSW prediction. Recently, researchers have used different Artificial Intelligence methods for estimating SSW. Three existing empirical correlations of Carroll, Freund, and Brocher are used to estimate SSW in this paper, while a fourth new empirical correlation is established. For comparing with the empirical correlation results, another study's Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used. The same data that was adopted by the ANN study was used here where it is comprised of 1922 measured points of SSW and the other nine parameters of Gamma Ray, Compressional Sonic, Caliper, Neutron Log, Density Log, Deep Resistivity, Azimuth Angle, Inclination Angle, and True Vertical Depth from one Iraqi directional well. Three existing empirical correlations are based only on Compressional Sonic Wave Time (CSW) for predicting SSW. In the same way of developing previous correlations, a fourth empirical correlation was developed by using all measured data points of SSW and CSW. A comparison demonstrated that utilizing ANN was better for SSW predicting with a higher R2 equal to 0.966 and lower other statistical coefficients than utilizing four empirical correlations, where correlations of Carroll, Freund, Brocher, and developed fourth had R2 equal to 0.7826, 0.7636, 0.6764, and 0.8016, respectively, with other statistical parameters that show the new developed correlation best than the other three existing. The use of ANN or new developed correlation in future SSW calculations is relevant to decision makers due to a number of limitations and target SSW accuracy.
Defining a ‘maturity model’ in the construction context: A systematic review
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Jayanetti J.K.D.D.T. , Perera B.A.K.S. , Waidyasekara K.G.A.S.
Published: December 2022

A maturity model is critical in analysing an entity as it evaluates the current situation and provides insights on enhancing the capabilities to reach higher maturity. Maturity models are being used in many industries and proven to have a positive impact on organisational development. Definition of a context specific maturity model is vital as it brings clarity to the model identification and better understanding relevant for a respective industry. Even though several construction maturity models exist, a clear and a comprehensive definition is not noticeable. A comprehensive definition for maturity models in construction sector would assist industry stakeholders to understand the components and key areas of construction maturity. Consequently, it would provide accurate and impactful results for construction firms to achieve higher maturity levels. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to establish a new definition for construction maturity models. In the process, the methodology included a systematic literature review adopting PRISMA literature review method and a content analysis using thematic analysis. The study analysed fifteen construction maturity models and identified nine overarching themes which were fundamental in developing the definition. The proposed definition would facilitate a better understanding among end users of construction maturity models, and it would assist the readers to distinguish it from other various models. Therefore, the derived definition would promote application of the concept of construction maturity in the industry. Further research could be conducted for diverse types of construction to enhance the effectiveness of the maturity models.
Delays and disruptions in the construction industry during the global pandemic
Authors:   Freelance Quantity Surveyor, Sri Lanka, Gammanage S.H , Gunarathna N
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 pandemic has become a global catastrophe today dragging many nations towards severe economic distress. The Sri Lankan economy has no exception. Not surprisingly, the sluggish economic conditions in the country have adversely affected the construction industry in Sri Lanka. The pandemic has resulted in almost every construction project getting delayed or disrupted. This research aims to determine the factors that caused delays and disruptions in large scale construction projects in Sri Lanka due to pandemic. The overall impact of the global pandemic on construction projects in both local and international platforms were identified through a comprehensive literature review. Additionally, the impact on the local domain in terms of delay and disruption was assessed based on exploratory interviews and survey questionnaire disseminated among industry experts. Final conclusions were drawn by conducting 9 case studies and analysing responses to survey questionnaire provided by 30 industry practitioners. This study assisted in finding measures and mechanisms currently in use to mitigate the impact of delay and disruption of the construction phase of construction projects. The findings also paved the way to recognize innovative mitigation strategies to control the adverse impact on on-going construction projects. Analysis of the responses concluded that, delay in project kick-off, delays in material delivery, shortage of material, project suspension, reduction in the workforce productivity, health and safety concerns, regular price escalations as the key elements attributed to impact the project progress. The study has identified the present mitigating controls over delays or disruption are barely sufficient to address the concern and thus emphasised the need to resort to more effective techniques to remedy the issue.
Developing a decision-making model for selecting smart retrofits
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Jayarathne G.H.T.D. , De Silva N
Published: December 2022

The world is now experiencing a large environmental crisis, particularly buildings contributing significantly to the problem. Hence, building energy demand has been continuously growing in parallel with the rise in occupant energy demand. Smart retrofitting has been highlighted as one of the most effective ways to reduce energy consumption. However, the selection of suitable smart retrofits (SRs) has become a challenging task, from a range of SRs. A qualitative research approach was used in this research to identify relating to smart retrofits (SRs) for office buildings and establish governing factors for their selection. Semi-structured expert interviews were conducted to collect data related to SRs techniques, and content analysis was carried out to establish governing factors for selection of each SR. Out of 18 identified SRs from literature, fan cycling, ventilation control, and LED luminaires are the most implemented retrofit technique during the operational stage of the office buildings in Sri Lanka. Further, fan cycling, and ventilation controls were identified as commonly used types. Those findings were used to develop the decision-making model. Although SRs implementation is a comprehensive process, the recognized governing factors can be used to select suitable forms and features of SRs based on proposed decision-making model. This research further establishes metrics to benchmark the performance of SRs. The proposed model and the metrics could be valuable tools for building owners and facility managers to optimize facility operations.
Efficient workplace planning and designing strategies to reduce waiting time in the outpatient departments (OPD) of government hospitals in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Pathirana D.P.I.M. , De Silva N
Published: December 2022

The waiting time is a major challenge for government hospitals around the world, particularly in developing countries, due to inefficient design and limited facilities. This waiting time causes long queues, especially in service providing facilities. Hence, queuing is considered a key performance indicator when evaluating the performance of healthcare facilities. The outpatient department (OPD) is the main division of a hospital that handles a large number of patients daily. This research aimed to provide solutions for minimising waiting time in OPD premises through efficient planning and designing strategies. This study applied the queuing theory for two case studies to analyse the waiting time of the patients at the OPD. Hospital records and field observations were used to gather data. Further solutions for minimising the waiting time were identified using semi-structured interviews with hospital management and a questionnaire survey with patients at OPD. Field observations revealed that there were long waiting queues and long waiting times at the registration counter and the consultant rooms. Due to increased demand for OPD services, unnecessary arrivals, a lack of resources, and patients’ ignorance of OPD procedures were identified as causes of overcrowding. Further, to minimise waiting time at the OPD, it should leverage the efficient designs with properly placed inquiry counters, walkways, and directions; provide adequate facilities such as a spacious waiting area, and restructuring should be implemented. The findings of the research mark valuable insights into government hospitals, and the proposed solutions will be useful for hospital management.
Enablers to facilitate industrial symbiosis for better waste management of industrial zones in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Herath P , Dissanayake P , Kumarasiri B
Published: December 2022

Industrialisation has led to a massive increment in resource consumption and waste generation, which demands improved management strategies for Waste Management (WM), especially in Industrial Zones (IZ). Thus, Industrial Symbiosis (IS) concept was raised as a suggestion for WM in IZs through resource optimisation. IS concept being a sustainable solution focuses on waste elimination by creating a network of firms for the purpose of exchanging waste, by-products, utilities, infrastructure, and knowledge. Sri Lankan IZs still have not yet established a proper method to manage IW, which has led to heaps of waste. Since IS is an effective and timely solution for this issue, this paper was intended to analyse the enablers which will be vital in facilitating the application of the concept of IS for better WM of IZs in Sri Lanka. Despite the abundant research on IS concept, a gap in literature could be identified when it comes to exploring enablers to adapt IS for better WM of IZs in Sri Lanka. A qualitative research approach with two case studies were used in this study. A total of 12 interviews were conducted and collected data was analysed using code-based content analysis. The enablers were extracted through the analysis of case findings using an abductive analysis. The empirical findings revealed 34 enablers under environmental, economic, social, regulatory, organisational, technology, and market categories. Reduction of environmental deletion, reduction of WM cost, public pressure, environmental regulations, social relationships, availability of technology and recognition from buyers were some of the key enablers identified in this study. The knowledge generated through this research can be used by respective industry practitioners in Sri Lanka in adapting IS concept for better WM of IZs in Sri Lanka.
Opportunities and challenges in conducting virtual Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods in the Sri Lankan construction industry
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Lingasabesan V , Abenayake M
Published: December 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has created a new norm in which technology is at the forefront of keeping the globe running and rebuilding better after the crisis. Several countries practiced virtual ADR during the pandemic than in the pre-pandemic situation, and the virtual shift has gained traction. The research aims to explore the potentiality of the ADR methods in the virtual platform for the settlement of the dispute and make recommendations for effective legal implementation of those methods in the Construction Industry in Sri Lanka. The research aim was achieved through a qualitative approach; collected data through two stages: a preliminary interview and a semistructured interview with experts and finally analysed with manual content analysis. Key research findings are the opportunities and challenges to implement and conduct ADR in the virtual platform in the Sri Lankan construction industry. In addition, the strategies were collected to identify the potentiality of virtual ADR. The research concludes that the blended approach is suitable for Sri Lanka and the entire virtual ADR is not suitable. The entire virtual ADR shall be potential for Sri Lanka if all the opportunities are utilized and all the strategies are followed. As the virtual ADR is a game-changer for the SL construction industry, regulatory bodies and arbitration institutions must take initiatives to implement and conduct virtual ADR successfully in the future.
Reusing and repurposing of glass waste: A literature review
Authors:   School of Architecture and Built Environment, Deakin University, Australia, Sood T , Gurmu A
Published: December 2022

An increase in demolition activities has led to the generation of large amounts of glass waste. Due to its non-biodegradable nature, glass can stay in landfills for longer periods without decomposition; thus, it occupies a large volume of landfills. This study aimed to analyze the potential reuses and repurposing of glass waste in the construction industry. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, and secondary data were extracted. The data were analyzed qualitatively to achieve the objective of the study. The generation of glass waste in four different parts of the world, namely: Hong Kong, Australia, Europe and the USA has been studied to get an estimate for the increase in glass waste trends. The generation of glass waste saw a downfall from 2006 to 2010, was then steady from 2011 to 2016 and then slightly rose. A high volume of glass waste in landfills and its non-biodegradable nature has made it essential for the discovery of new methods of reuse and recycling of glass waste. Some of the potential reuse and repurposing options include Aggregate for Concrete, Filtration Media, Glass Fibres, Blast Abrasive, Roof Coating, Ceramic Based Products, Burnt Bricks, Low-Temperature Stoneware Tiles, Insulation, and Decorative Materials. The paper provides useful information to various stakeholders in the construction industry to understand how and where glass waste can be reused.
Sustainable facilities management practice and its perception in health care organisations: A Delphi survey
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Nazeer FS , Ramachandra T , Gunatilake S
Published: December 2022

Health Care (HC) is one of the most polluting industries and recognised as the second energy-intensive sector. Integrating sustainability into Facilities Management (FM) is imperative and could significantly contribute to reduce energy consumption, waste and day-to-day operational costs. However, operations of FM vary upon facility types, business sector, organisation characteristics, cultural context and organisational scale. Thus, this study examines the current practice of sustainable FM and its perceptions in HC organisations in Sri Lanka. A Delphi survey was administered to 10 experts in two rounds, who are specialised in FM practices in the HC organisations. A semi structured questionnaire was deployed and collected qualitative data were analysed using content analysis whilst quantitative data were analysed through mode, mean and quartile ranges to reach consensus. With respective to FM practice in HC it was found that 8 out of 10 organisations had no separate departments for FM to conduct FM practices. The functions were collectively carried out among departments namely; engineering, quality assurance and housekeeping. Operations delays incur additional costs and disputes were reported constantly. Also, building services was found to be the topmost FM service practiced. Integration of sustainability is at a moderate level and FM practitioners face higher level of constraints of which “high costs” obtained the highest rank. The study is novel in offering the state of the art of FM practice in HC organisations and adds values and provides recommendations for further research to maximise the contribution of FM towards sustainable practice. It thus directs FM practitioners to support the future enhancement of HCFM.
The effect of labour productivity on successful completion of major contracts during the COVID pandemic in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Department of Quantity Surveying, University College of Anuradhapura, University of Vocational Technology, Sri Lanka, Bandaranayake BMHD , Rathnayake MD
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 outbreak is the greatest global health crisis in many years. It has had a dramatic effect on workforces and workplaces all around the world. The construction industry has been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and has been challenged to improve the safety and wellbeing of its workforce and control the collapse of construction productivity. The objectives of this study were to identify and rank the factors affecting lack of labour productivity in major contracts during the COVID pandemic and effect of labour productivity on successful project delivery in major contracts during the COVID pandemic in Sri Lanka and to recommend management strategies to combat them. A thorough literature search on recently published literature, industry experiences, reports, and other related documents was performed to collect and categorize the required data. 40 COVID-19 challenges were identified, and the results revealed that 19 factors including absenteeism at work site, travel restrictions, supply chain disruptions, cash flow delays and social isolation due to teleworking. 27 strategies were identified to overcome these challenges, and 14 results demonstrated including avoid material shortage at the site, conduct a risk analysis, create an end-end supply chain map, initiate flexible work schedules to promote social distancing, increase of hygiene of construction. The findings of this study will help the project managers and authorities in the construction industry understand the challenges of the pandemic and adopt effective strategies that will improve the health and safety of their workforce.
The impact of material and labour cost variables on contactors’ budgeted cost
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Jayathilaka R.D.W.W. , Waidyasekara K.G.A.S. , Sirimewan D.C.
Published: December 2022

An accurate budget is important for all construction stakeholders, but it is difficult to maintain the budget within the initial estimation. The contractors’ financial stability tends to complete the projects within the budgeted cost without destructing the contractors’ cash flow. The major impact for the contractors’ budgeted cost overrun in construction projects has happened with the material and labour costs. Therefore, it is necessary to find the contribution of material cost and labour cost to the contractors’ budgeted cost in construction projects to minimise contractors’ budgeted cost overruns. This research aims to analyse the impact of material and labour costs on contractors' budgeted costs in building construction projects, Sri Lanka. Hence, three-building construction projects were selected, and documentary review was the main data collection tool to find the required data. Sensitivity Index (SI) in Sensitivity Analysis was adopted for data analysis. As research outcomes, the average contribution of material cost to the cost of civil work was assessed as 60%, whereas the cost of labour was indicated as 35%. Moreover, plastering, tiling and painting works were identified as the main civil work categories that can highly influence the material and labour cost overruns in Sri Lankan building construction projects and ultimately would impact the contractors’ budgeted cost. Therefore, contractors should pay special attention to the budgeted cost of these work categories when preparing the initial budget.
The role of quantity surveyors for the success of small-scale construction projects in Sri Lanka
Authors:   Department of Quantity Surveying, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka, Rathnayake G.C. , Bandara K.P.S.P.K. , Withanage K.T.
Published: December 2022

Several small-scale construction projects are being implemented around the country being a part of development process in Sri Lanka. Most of the Quantity Surveying related areas has become major problem making subjects in those projects and there is lack of involvement of the Quantity Surveyors in those projects when comparing with other professionals in the industry. This research was conducted to highlight the importance of involvement of Quantity Surveyors for success of such projects in Sri Lankan construction industry. Mixed-method approach was used in this research. Most important Quantity Surveying roles that directly impact for the success of small-scale construction projects were determined and categorized under the different stages of construction projects by using semi-structured interviews and questionnaire survey as primary data collection methods. These data were analyzed by using Correlation analysis and Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis as statistical analysis methods. Identified Quantity Surveying roles were ranked based on the impact on the success of those small-scale projects using RII values. Further Correlation analysis was performed to show the relationship between Quantity Surveyor’s involvement and success of smallscale construction projects. Barriers for satisfactory involvement of Quantity Surveyors in small-scale construction projects and strategies to increase the involvement of Quantity Surveyors were identified by analyzing data from semi-structured interviews using manual content analysis. Among those barriers most of the interviewees stated that obtaining the service from non-professionals at lower cost was the major barrier and introducing service packages to the client in early stages of project was considered as the main strategy to increase the Quantity Surveyor’s involvement to small-scale construction projects. However, the research was concluded that the involvement of client and contractor Quantity Surveyors to the pre-construction and post-construction phases are critical to the success of small-scale construction projects in Sri Lanka.
Utjecaj načina držanja na oštećenje prsne kosti kokoši nesilica
Authors: Janječić Zlatko , Banovec Zdravko , Kralik Zlata , Bedeković Dalibor
Published: December 2022

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi pojavnost oštećenja prsne kosti kod kokoši nesilica držanih u obogaćenim kavezima, štalskom višeetažnom sustavu te slobodnom sustavu držanja. Istraživanje je provedeno od strane 4 palpatora kojima je slučajnim odabirom nesilica iz svakog od tri sustava držanja bilo dodijeljeno 16 istih kokoši nesilica, ukupno 48 kokoši po svakom palpatoru. Pojavnost lomova prsne kosti bila je u volijerama 81,25 %, kod slobodnog sustava 57,75 %, a kod obogaćenih kaveza 17,19 %. Devijacije prsnih kosti su bile najizraženije kod držanja u obogaćenim kavezima (78,13 %), zatim kod držanja u volijerama (65,63 %) te kod slobodnog sustava držanja (57,81 %). Rezultati pokazuju da su u prosjeku mjesta loma kod obogaćenih kaveza i slobodnog sustava pozicionirana u zadnjoj trećini prsne kosti, dok su kod štalskog višeetažnog sustava lomovi u prosjeku bili locirani u središnjem dijelu prsne kosti. Devijacije su kod sva tri sustava držanja kokoši nesilica bile prisutne na prijelazu iz prednje u srednju trećinu prsne kosti. Dobiveni rezultati u provedenom istraživanju potvrđuju dosadašnje spoznaje o smanjenoj dobrobiti kokoši nesilica u obogaćenim kavezima glede devijacije i lomova prsne kosti u alternativnim sustavima držanja. Potrebno je provesti daljnja istraživanja koja bi uključila i utjecaj ovih oštećenja na proizvodnost kokoši nesilica.
Utjecaj termičke obrade na sadržaj željeza, cinka, bakra i magnezija u mesu junadi iz intenzivnog i ekstenzivnog tova
Authors: Redžovoić Jasmina , Crnkić Ćazim , Smajlović Muhamed , Tahirović Dinaida
Published: December 2022

Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati utjecaj termičke obrade kuhanjem na sadržaj željeza (Fe), cinka (Zn), bakra (Cu) i magnezija (Mg) u mišićnom tkivu i jetri junadi u ovisnosti od sustava tova iz kojeg životinje potječu. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorcima mišićnog tkiva (but i plećka) i jetre junadi u dobi od 9 do 12 mjeseci koja su tovljena ekstenzivno (n=12) ili intenzivno (n=12). Svaki uzorak je podijeljen na dva jednaka dijela od kojih je jedan analiziran u sirovom stanju, a drugi nakon termičke obrade kuhanjem u vodi na 100°C. Rezultati su iskazani u apsolutno suhoj tvari mesa. Sadržaj pepela (mineralnog ostataka) u termički obrađenim uzorcima bio je smanjen u odnosu na sirove uzorke, ali to nije bilo praćeno značajmeso junadi, termička obrada, minerali nim promjenama u sadržaju Fe, Zn i Cu u mišićnom tkivu, niti promjenama Zn i Cu u jetri. Termička obrada dovela je do smanjenja sadržaja Mg u svim ispitivanim partijama mesa (za 40-50%), a do smanjenja sadržaja Fe došlo je samo u jetri (za 25-42 %). Učinak termičke obrade na sadržaj ispitivanih minerala u mišićnom tkivu i jetri bio je neovisan od sustava tova, iako su razlike po sustavu tova bile evidentne kod svih ispitivanih minerala, osim kod Fe. Sadržaj Zn u mišićnom tkivu buta junadi iz ekstenzivnog tova bio je manji, a sadržaj Cu veći u odnosu na uzorke buta iz intenzivnog sustava tova. Suprotno od buta, u jetri je sadržaj Cu bio veći kod junadi iz intenzivnog tova. U svim ispitivanim partijama mesa iz ekstenzivnog tova sadržaj Mg je bio značajno veći nego kod junadi iz intenzivnog tova.
Stabilizacija guščje masti s antioksidansima i sinergistima
Authors: Moslavac Tihomir , Jokić Stela , Flanjak Ivana
Published: December 2022

Während der Herstellung, Lagerung und Wärmebehandlung unterliegt Gänseschmalz einem oxidativen Verfall. In dieser Arbeit wurde der Einfluss von natürlichen und synthetischen Antioxidantien und Synergisten (Rosmarinextrakt, Grüntee-Extrakt, Salbeiextrakt, Alpha-Tocopherol, Tocopherol-Mischung, Propylgallat, Zitronensäure, Ascorbinsäure, Kaffeesäure, Rosmarinsäure) auf die Oxidationsstabilität von Gänseschmalz untersucht. Die Oxidationsstabilität von Schmalz, mit und ohne zugesetzte Antioxidantien und Synergisten, wurde mit dem Schaal-Ofen-Test untersucht. Die Testergebnisse werden als Wert der Peroxidzahl nach einer bestimmten Zeit der Lagerung von Schmalz bei einer Temperatur von 63 °C angegeben. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass die Anwendung von Antioxidantien und Synergisten Gänseschmalz erfolgreich stabilisiert, nicht aber α-Tocopherol. Von den natürlichen Antioxidantien hat Grüntee-Extrakt die höchste antioxidative Aktivität in Gänseschmalz. Er erreichte die höchste Schutzwirkung gegen oxidativen Verfall. Rosmarinextrakt in Kombination mit einem Synergisten zeigt im Vergleich zu reinem Rosmarinextrakt einen höheren Schutz von Schmalz gegen Oxidation. Durch Zugabe einer Tocopherolmischung wurde eine bessere Stabilisierung von Schmalz erreicht als mit Salbeiextrakt. Das synthetische Antioxidans Propylgallat erhöhte erfolgreich die Stabilität von Gänseschmalz.