bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development and Piloting of an Early Youth‐Engagement (EYE) Model to Improve Engagement of Young People in First Episode Psychosis Services: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Greenwood Kathryn , Chandler Ruth , Labuschagne Kirsty , Peters Emmanuelle , Alford Katie , de Visser Richard , Field Andy , Slater Luke , Garety Philippa
Published: October 2024

Aim

Psychosis is associated with significant health and societal costs. Early intervention in psychosis services (EIP) are highly effective in promoting recovery, yet substantial proportions of young people disengage. The current study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel engagement intervention in EIP services.

Method

A qualitative investigation of facilitators and barriers to engagement in 68 first episode psychosis patients, family members and young people, and a Delphi consultation with 27 regional and national youth and psychosis service leads informed the development of the intervention.

A mixed‐methods feasibility‐pilot study then compared engagement outcomes in 298 EIP service users in two cohorts: standard EIP versus standard EIP plus the novel early youth‐engagement (EYE) intervention. A qualitative study explored intervention experiences in 22 randomly selected service users, carers and clinicians. A process evaluation explored delivery.

Results

Disengagement was 24% in the standard EIP cohort compared to 14.5% in the standard EIP plus EYE intervention cohort. A 95% Bayesian credibility interval revealed a 95% probability that the true reduction in disengagement lay somewhere between 0% and 18%. The number needed to treat was 11, 95% CI [5, 242]. Use of the EYE resources was associated with engagement. Qualitiative feedback supported effects on communication, social network engagement, service user goals, mental health and well‐being outcomes.

Conclusion

The EYE intervention was designed from a service user, young person and carer perspective. Both qualitative and quantitative data support impacts on engagement. We now need to evaluate effectiveness, cost‐effectiveness and implementation in a multi‐site randomised controlled trial.
Asciminib in Advanced‐Line Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Shacham‐Abulafia Adi , Volcheck Yulia , Ellis Martin , Shapira Shirley , Tavor Sigal , Gourevitch Anna , Kreiniz Natalia , Stanevski Anfisa , Raanani Pia , Koren‐ Michowitz Maya
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Asciminib, a novel allosteric BCR::ABL1 inhibitor, targets the ABL1 myristoyl pocket to potentially reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy. It is approved for Philadelphia chromosome‐positive chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML‐CP) in patients with resistance or intolerance to two or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or those with the T315I mutation.

Methods

This retrospective analysis evaluated patients with CML treated with asciminib under a managed‐access program across eight Israeli centers from July 2019 to August 2022. We assessed treatment responses, toxicities, event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan–Meier methods.

Results

The study included 30 patients who had received a median of three prior TKIs, with 73% starting asciminib due to intolerance. After a median follow‐up of 7.1 months, 85% of those without prior complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) achieved CCyR, and 60% previously not in major molecular response (MMR) attained MMR. Resistance was rare (10%), with no cardiovascular events reported despite high baseline comorbidity (73%). Median EFS was 47 months; median OS was not reached.

Conclusion

Asciminib demonstrates significant efficacy and tolerability in heavily pretreated patients with CML‐CP, with no new cardiovascular events observed. Further long‐term studies are necessary to explore its full cardiovascular impact.
Limited Migration From Physiological Refugia Constrains the Rescue of Native Gastropods Facing an Invasive Predator
Authors: Salamon Mathilde , Astorg Louis , Paccard Antoine , Chain Frederic , Hendry Andrew P. , Derry Alison M. , Barrett Rowan D. H.
Published: October 2024

Biological invasions have caused the loss of freshwater biodiversity worldwide. The interplay between adaptive responses and demographic characteristics of populations impacted by invasions is expected to be important for their resilience, but the interaction between these factors is poorly understood. The freshwater gastropod Amnicola limosus is native to the Upper St. Lawrence River and distributed along a water calcium concentration gradient within which high‐calcium habitats are impacted by an invasive predator fish (Neogobius melanostomus, round goby), whereas low‐calcium habitats provide refuges for the gastropods from the invasive predator. Our objectives were to (1) test for adaptation of A. limosus to the invasive predator and the low‐calcium habitats, and (2) investigate if migrant gastropods could move from refuge populations to declining invaded populations (i.e., demographic rescue), which could also help maintain genetic diversity through gene flow (i.e., genetic rescue). We conducted a laboratory reciprocal transplant of wild F0 A. limosus sourced from the two habitat types (high calcium/invaded and low calcium/refuge) to measure adult survival and fecundity in home and transplant treatments of water calcium concentration (low/high) and round goby cue (present/absent). We then applied pooled whole‐genome sequencing of 12 gastropod populations from across the calcium/invasion gradient. We identified patterns of life‐history traits and genetic differentiation across the habitats that are consistent with local adaptation to low‐calcium concentrations in refuge populations and to round goby predation in invaded populations. We also detected restricted gene flow from the low‐calcium refugia towards high‐calcium invaded populations, implying that the potential for demographic and genetic rescue is limited by natural dispersal. Our study highlights the importance of considering the potentially conflicting effects of local adaptation and gene flow for the resilience of populations coping with invasive predators.
Lesion size index‐guided radiofrequency catheter ablation using an impedance‐based three‐dimensional mapping system to treat sustained atrial tachycardia in a horse
Authors: Buschmann Eva , Van Steenkiste Glenn , Vernemmen Ingrid , Demeyere Marie , Schauvliege Stijn , Decloedt Annelies , van Loon Gunther
Published: October 2024

Sustained atrial tachycardia at an atrial rate of 191/min on the surface ECG was detected in a 6‐year‐old Warmblood mare. The vectorcardiogram obtained from a 12‐lead ECG suggested a caudo‐dorsal right atrial origin of the arrhythmia. Impedance‐based three‐dimensional electro‐anatomical mapping, using the EnSite™ Precision Cardiac Mapping System revealed a clockwise macro‐reentry around a line of conduction block in the caudomedial right atrium. Ten radiofrequency applications were applied to isolate the caudal vena cava myocardial sleeves at a power of 35 W and mean contact force of 14 ± 3 g until a lesion size index of 6 was reached. Sinus rhythm was restored at the first energy application. Successful isolation was confirmed by demonstrating entrance and exit block. Holter monitoring 5 days post‐ablation revealed no abnormalities. To date, 9 months after treatment, no recurrence has been observed. The use of lesion size index‐guided ablation and isolation of the arrhythmogenic substrate in the caudal vena cava may minimise the risk of recurrence.
Increased Abnormal Erythrocytes Caused by Spleen Filtration Deficiency Provide a Hypoxic Environment for the Occurrence of Psoriasis
Authors: Zhao Ya , Wu Yayun , Fan Dancai , Deng Hao , Liu Lijuan , Deng Shigui , Zhao Ruizhi , Lu Chuanjian
Published: October 2024

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease with a long disease course and frequent relapse characteristics. It is now recognised to be associated with epidermal environments of inflammatory cytokines. However, its pathogenesis is still not completely clear. We found the haemorheology of psoriatic patients to be abnormal, and ageing and deformed erythrocytes increased in the blood. The abnormal erythrocytes were more likely to induce psoriasis, which was confirmed in a mouse model induced by different blood components of psoriatic patients/healthy volunteers. Spleen filtration dysfunction, which caused abnormal erythrocytes, was also more likely to induce psoriasis, which was confirmed in a mouse model induced by splenectomy. The mechanism was the weakening of the ‘eat me’ function of spleen macrophages phagocytizing ageing and deformed erythrocytes, resulting in the dysfunction of spleen filtration and the increase of ageing and deformed erythrocytes in the body. Additionally, the decreased oxygen‐carrying capacity and the declined antioxidant capacity of those erythrocytes led to the hypoxia environment, making psoriasis more likely to be induced. These findings demonstrate that spleen filtration dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of psoriasis and suggest that improving it may be an effective therapy for psoriasis and control its relapse.
Energy Security, Intelligence and Innovation Quality: Evidence From China's New Energy Demonstration City Policy
Authors: Liu Minghui , Yang Sasa , Yao Xin
Published: October 2024

The development of new energy and the application of intelligent technologies are crucial for ensuring energy security and promoting high‐quality economic growth. This article utilises a sample of A‐share listed enterprises in China from 2008 to 2020, employing a difference‐in‐differences (DID) approach to explore the impact of new energy demonstration cities (NEDC) on innovation quality and focuses on the role of intelligent development. It is found that the construction of NEDC contributes to the improvement of enterprise innovation quality. Corporate intelligence transformation further enhances the effect of the NEDC policy, demonstrating a synergistic relationship with new energy transition. Additionally, compared with collaborative innovation, the improvement effect of NEDC policy on enterprise self‐innovation quality is more significant. Non‐state‐owned enterprises, those in the growth stage, with a solid technological foundation and located in non‐resource‐based cities are more likely to achieve improvements in innovation quality during the energy transition. Our work provides empirical evidence and valuable insights for ensuring energy security and facilitating intelligent innovation development.
Phenological Adaptation Is Insufficient to Offset Climate Change‐Induced Yield Losses in US Hybrid Maize
Authors: Kusmec Aaron , Schnable Patrick S.
Published: October 2024

Climate change is projected to decrease maize yields due to warmer temperatures and their consequences. Studies using crop growth models (CGMs), however, have predicted that, through a combination of alterations to planting date, flowering time, and maturity, these yield losses can be mitigated or even reversed. Here, we examine three assumptions of such studies: (1) that climate has driven historical phenological trends, (2) that CGM ensembles provide unbiased estimates of yields under high temperatures, and (3) that the effects of temperature on yields are an emergent property of interactions between phenology and environment. We used data on maize phenology from the United States Department of Agriculture, a statistical model of maize hybrid heat tolerance derived from 80 years of public yield trial records across four US states, and outputs of an ensemble of CMIP6 climate models. While planting dates have advanced historically, we found a trend toward later planting dates after 2005 and no trend for silking or maturity, shifting more time into the reproductive period. We then projected maize yields using the historical model and crop calendars devised using three previously proposed adaptation strategies. In contrast to studies using CGMs, our statistical yield model projected severe yield losses under all three strategies. Finally, we projected maize yields accounting for historical genetic variability for heat tolerance, discovering that it was insufficient to overcome the negative effects of projected warming. These projections are driven by greater heat stress exposure under all crop calendars and climate scenarios. Combined with analysis of the internal sensitivities of CGMs to temperature, our results suggest that current projections do not adequately account for the effects of increasing temperatures on maize yields. Climate adaptation in the US Midwest must utilize a richer set of strategies than phenological adaptation, including improvements to heat tolerance and crop diversification.
Role of artificial intelligence in haematolymphoid diagnostics
Authors: Syrykh Charlotte , van den Brand Michiel , Kather Jakob Nikolas , Laurent Camille
Published: October 2024

The advent of digital pathology and the deployment of high‐throughput molecular techniques are generating an unprecedented mass of data. Thanks to advances in computational sciences, artificial intelligence (AI) approaches represent a promising avenue for extracting relevant information from complex data structures. From diagnostic assistance to powerful research tools, the potential fields of application of machine learning techniques in pathology are vast and constitute the subject of considerable research work. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the potential applications of AI in the field of haematopathology and to define the role that these emerging technologies could play in our laboratories in the short to medium term.
Locoregional event or dyssynchronous distant metastasis: clinicopathological and molecular analysis of contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients
Authors: Wang Yihong , Liu Liu , Graff Stephanie L. , Cheng Liang
Published: October 2024

Aims

Contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis (CAM) is a rare clinical condition in patients with breast cancer (BC). CAM can be either a locoregional event or a distant metastasis. Molecular application for clonal evolution in BC has not been reported in CAM cases.

Methods

We studied six patients with CAM with clinical, pathological and/or molecular evidence of distant metastasis; those patients had poor outcomes.

Results

Two cases with molecular analysis of paired primary and CAM established clonal evolution of the CAM with its corresponding primary with additional molecular alteration, increased tumour mutation burden, and copy number variations (CNVs) in the CAMs. Four cases containing alterations from genes potentially modulate chromatin organization, supporting chromatin and subsequent transcriptional signature changes are essential in CAM. Molecular analysis is critical to establish the connection between CAM and its primary counterpart. Distant CAM shows clonal evolution compared with its corresponding primary with additional molecular alterations, increased mutation burden and/or copy number variations.

Conclusion

CAM should be evaluated individually and handled in a personalized fashion. Evidence of a true metastatic CAM can be supported by distant metastasis to other organs, specific morphological features and/or clonal evolution.
Bird deterrent measures at a landfill decreased the productivity of a dependent population of White Stork (Ciconia ciconia)
Authors: Osorio Laura , López‐García Alejandro , Colino‐Freire Irene , Ramos‐Elvira Elena , Aguirre José I.
Published: October 2024

Landfills provide an abundant and predictable food source for avifauna. The energy and time that are saved because of landfill‐foraging have had positive effects on the distribution of bird breeding populations and their reproductive parameters. However, the proliferation of individuals coinciding with the appearance of landfills often increases human–wildlife conflicts and intensifies the contact between waste and the environment. In this context, a landfill in Madrid (Spain) implemented deterrent measures in 2021 aiming to reduce the influx of birds inside its facilities. This study aims to describe the effects that a reduction in the accessibility and availability of landfill food resources may have had on the surrounding breeding populations of White Stork Ciconia ciconia. For this purpose, the breeding parameters of three populations with different landfill use indices were analysed before and after the application of bird deterrent measures. The closest population, with the highest landfill use index, suffered a drastic reduction in fledgling productivity during the breeding season with bird deterrent measures. On the other hand, a drought during one of the breeding seasons negatively affected the productivity of the populations that relied partially and completely on natural food resources (located at medium and long distance from the landfill, respectively). Landfill‐foraging might have mitigated the consequences of the natural food scarcity caused by this drought, even with the application of bird deterrent measures. Overall, our results show the potential negative impact of bird deterrent measures on populations dependent on landfill food, and highlight the importance of assessing the effect of these techniques beyond the site to determine their appropriateness. Due to the imminent closure of landfills and the expected worsening consequences of climate change, monitoring programmes should be established to determine the long‐term effects of bird deterrent measures and unusual environmental conditions on White Stork populations.
Improving thermal insulation and thermal resistance properties of laterite‐based geopolymer foams by direct foaming
Authors: Tchio Julson Aymard , Fekoua Joelle Nadia Nouping , Kaze Cyriaque Rodrigue , Nemaleu Juvenal Giogetti Deuton , Yliniemi Juho , Kamseu Elie , Chinje Florence Uphie , Leonelli Cristina
Published: October 2024

This work aims to synthesize new foaming laterite geopolymer foam using laterite, sodium silicate solution, sand, and aluminium powder. The porosity rapidly increased with the addition of the foaming agent. The foam matrix had thermal conductivity values of 0.10 W/m K with 0.7% of Al powder and 0.64 W/m K with 0% of Al powder. For fire resistance, samples exposed to high temperatures (200°C and 500°C) showed increased flexural strength, linear shrinkage at 500°C, and a decrease at 900°C due to structural weakening under high thermal pressure and the appearance of new phases such as nepheline and akermanite in X‐ray diffraction analysis. The results also showed that a 30% increase in fine aggregate content increased the strength of the foam matrix, with flexural strength ranging from 5 to 9.1 MPa after 28 days of ambient curing. These laterite geopolymer foams have shown promising thermal insulation and mechanical qualities that are appropriate for building applications.
The effect of tape casting parameters on the properties of textured porous silicon nitride ceramics
Authors: Hu Yiyang , Xia Yongfeng , Zhu Ming , Zhao Jun , Yao Dongxu , Zeng Yu‐Ping
Published: October 2024

A method of enhancing the mechanical properties of porous silicon nitride ceramics by involving texture structure through tape casting was explored. The influence of grain orientation was systematically studied by varying the sintering temperature, casting speed, and gap height. The results indicate that increasing the sintering temperature and casting speed can improve the degree of grain orientation. The mechanical properties of ceramics are significantly affected by the degree of grain orientation, the sample with the highest Lotgering factor demonstrated a flexural strength of 441 ± 12 MPa and a fracture toughness of 5.6 MPa·m1/2 at a porosity of 39%. The relative permittivity of ceramics is predominantly governed by the porosity, with the grain orientation exerting a relatively minor effect.
Definition of Significant Platelet Clumping: Should We Review All Samples With a Platelet Clumping Flag From Automated Hematology Analyzer?
Authors: Woo Suhyeon , Kim Bohyun , Heo Nam Hun , Kim Min‐Sun , Yoon Young Ahn , Choi Young‐Jin
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to determine a definition for significant platelet clumping (PC) and evaluate the performance of the Sysmex XN instrument for detecting platelet clumps.

Methods

For part 1, 372 specimens with a ‘PLT_clump?’ flag in XN‐9000 were classified into five groups according to the average number of PCs. We compared the initial platelet count (measured by XN‐9000 using impedance method) and corrected platelet count (counted optically or re‐analyzed by XN‐9000 using vortexed or re‐collected sample) of each group. For part 2, 1000 specimens with a PC flag divided into three subgroups {group N (PC = 0), Y (PC ≥ 1), and Z (microscopic fibrin clot)} and additional two groups {group S (PC(+) specimens without any flag and with flags of other categories) and group NC (negative control)} were collected. Positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity and specificity of PC detection of XN‐9000 were obtained and the platelet counts and four indices (PDW, MPV, P_LCR, and PCT) of groups NC, N, Y, Z, and S were compared to detect PC more precisely.

Results

In part 1, all groups showed significant difference between the initial and corrected platelet counts. In part 2, PPV, NPV, prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity were 41.5%, 56.5%, 43.4%, 2.18%, and 98.3%, respectively. The platelet counts and four indices showed statistical differences for detecting PCs, and especially PDW and P_LCR were significantly smaller in group Z than group N or Y.

Conclusions

We suggest the definition of significant PC by the presence of at least three platelets. In addition, utilizing platelet‐related indices should be developed to improve the efficiency of the PC detection.
‘It's a Horrible Place to Have a Period’: A Survivor‐Led Investigation of Experiences of Menstrual Health in Psychiatric Inpatient Settings in England
Authors: Porter Mx Hat
Published: October 2024

This study examined patients' experiences of menstrual health in psychiatric inpatient settings in England as reported by staff and patients. Questionnaires were conducted with 67 staff members and 101 people with lived experience of menstruation and treatment on a psychiatric ward. 10 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with people with lived experience. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Grouped into overarching themes of institutional and interpersonal environments, four themes were identified: access to menstrual materials; the lack of privacy when menstruating in psychiatric inpatient settings; attitudes and approaches to menstruation; and menstrual support needs and care provision. There was variation among the experiences reported, with some patients receiving dignified care, whilst others described facing ‘degrading’ and ‘dehumanising’ treatments and enhanced feelings of shame and embarrassment around menstruation, in comparison with what they usually experience. This appeared to arise due to the interplay between mental health services overlooking menstruation and the overreliance on restrictive practices. These experiences may be understood as menstrual injustices, period poverty, potentially amounting to neglect and posing iatrogenic harms. Participants also discussed how their mental illness and distress, particularly within the context of trauma and/or eating disorders, shaped their menstrual experiences. However, many patients did not receive adequate support in relation to this. Patients' pain and disorder related to menstruation, or gynaecological conditions, was often described as being dismissed by staff or being viewed as beyond the responsibility of mental health services. This study highlighted the urgency for actions to be taken to provide greater support for patients who menstruate in psychiatric inpatient settings.
Reactive sintered dense carbon fiber reinforced high‐entropy boride composite using high‐entropy silicide as reactant
Authors: Huang Feilong , Wang Hailong , Fang Cheng , Zhao Jiayin , Zheng Kaize , Song Bo , Xie Wei , Li Mingliang , Lu Hongxia
Published: October 2024

A novel reactive sintering strategy using high‐entropy disilicide, B4C, and carbon as initial materials is developed to fabricate dense carbon fiber reinforced high‐entropy diboride (HEB)‐based composite (Cf/HEBs) at a relatively low temperature. The Cf/(V0.2Nb0.2Cr0.2Mo0.2W0.2)B2–SiC composite (Cf/HEB–SiC) successfully achieves nearly full densification (with a relative density of 99.2%) at 1800°C. The reactive damage of carbon fibers can be effectively restrained by preassemble carbon coating during the preparation process of the composite. Lower preparation temperature and effective coating protection contribute to the exertion of carbon fibers toughening capacity, consequently noticeably elevating the critical crack size (αcr) from 27.7 µm for HEB–SiC to 110.4 µm for Cf/HEB–SiC. The current work provides a feasible way to substantially upgrade the damage tolerance of HEB–SiC and can be extended to other HEBs‐based ceramics.
Water vapor oxidation of SiC layer of tristructural isotropic particles
Authors: Jalan Visharad , Bratten Adam , Luebbe Matthew , Wen Haiming
Published: October 2024

Tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles, developed for use in high‐temperature gas‐cooled nuclear reactors, can be subjected to oxidizing environments in off‐normal accident scenarios. In this study, surrogate TRISO fuel particles were oxidized at 1000–1350°C for 4 h in 20 kPa water vapor atmosphere balanced with ultrahigh‐purity helium gas. The oxide scale morphology and thickness were studied via scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam, and transmission electron microscopy. The oxide thickness increased as the oxidation temperature was increased. Although the oxide scale at 1000°C was completely amorphous, pockets of crystalline oxide were observed on particles oxidized at 1200 and 1300°C. Kinetic analysis was performed to deduce the oxidation mechanism by determining the apparent activation energy using linear regression analysis. The oxidation mechanism was consistent for temperatures from 1000 to 1200°C with an activation energy of 412.4 ± 8.8 kJ/mol. The activation energy then dropped to approximately 201 ± 7.1 kJ/mol for temperatures 1200–1350°C. Therefore, there is a change in oxidation mechanism at ∼1200°C. This change is attributed to the existence of a network of significant bubbles in the oxide layer at higher temperatures, which serve as rapid diffusion pathways for the transport of oxidants from the surface to the SiC/SiO2 interface, instead of relying on the bulk diffusion through the SiO2 layer at lower temperatures where only small bubbles are present along the SiC/SiO2 interface.
Improving population size estimation at western capercaillie leks: lek counts versus genetic methods
Authors: Aleix‐Mata Gaël , López‐Montoya Antonio J. , Lapébie Pascal , Marty Evelyn , Mourierres Pierre , Pérez Jesús M. , Sánchez Antonio
Published: October 2024

The western capercaillie Tetrao urogallus, hereafter capercaillie, is the largest galliform bird present in the boreal and montane forests of the Western Palearctic. Precise and accurate methods for estimating the number of individuals and/or their densities are crucial for the proper management of its free‐ranging populations. However, obtaining reliable estimates of the abundance of populations of wild species and, particularly, of birds is not a simple task. In the case of lek‐mating birds such as capercaillie, surveys are traditionally based on lek counts, that is, counts of calling males present in their mating areas: the leks. This study was carried out on the Pyrenees at six capercaillie leks where two different lek counting approaches were performed: hide‐based and walk‐based. The results were compared with those obtained from an estimate of minimum population size (MPE) derived from genotyping all faeces samples found in the lek area, and with a population size estimate derived from a genetic mark‐recapture model () of each capercaillie lek. The results of were used to estimate the detection rate (D) of both lek count approaches. Our results show that traditional lek counts do not detect all male capercaillies since the detection rate was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.26–0.43) for hide‐ and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.43–0.68) for walk‐based lek counts. Our results suggest that the walk‐based lek counts were more efficient than the hide‐based ones, providing more accurate results compared to the estimate. The combination of non‐invasive sampling with genetic mark‐recapture model was found to be the most reliable method for obtaining the of leks given that traditional lek counts underestimate the number of capercaillie and, furthermore, can cause disturbance to the species at these sites.
Dendritic cell‐derived lncRNAs in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Wang Zhenglong , Changhao K. E. , Chen Yuheng , Zhao Yongchao , He Yuanjie , Liang Xiao , Tu Qingxian , Xu Min , Guo Fujia , Ge Junbo , Shi Bei
Published: October 2024

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and dendritic cells (DC) play crucial roles in the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS); however, the mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate this, we analysed the differentially expressed lncRNAs in monocyte‐derived DCs (moDCs) from patients with ACS. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were transformed into moDCs. Cellular morphology and expression levels of moDC‐specific markers (CD80, CD86, CD11c, CD14 and HLA‐DR) were analysed using electron microscopy (EM) and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. Differentially expressed lncRNAs and their functions were predicted using gene sequencing, gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The expression levels of markers, signalling pathway molecules (p‐PI3K and p‐AKT), inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 and IL‐12p70) and target gene (C‐C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 15 and CCL14) were analysed by overexpression or silencing of candidate lncRNAs. EM revealed the cells to be suspended in dendritic pseudopodia. CD11c and HLA‐DR were upregulated, while CD80 and CD86 were downregulated. Comparison between the UA versus ST group showed the highest number of differentially expressed lncRNAs (n = 113), followed by UA versus NST (n = 115), CON versus NST (n = 49) and CON versus ST (n = 35); however, the number was low for CON versus UA and ST versus NST groups. moDC‐specific marker expression, signalling pathway molecules, inflammatory cytokines and CCL14 were upregulated following lentiviral overexpression of smart silencer‐CCL15‐CCL14; however, expression levels decreased following transfection with siRNA. The morphology, function and lncRNA expression of moDCs differ depending on the type of ACS. The differentially expressed lncRNAs, particularly CCL15‐CCL14, regulate the function of moDCs. Thus, our study provides new insights regarding the role of lncRNAs in ACS and indicates the potential use of CCL15‐CCL14 as a novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.
Hoxc10‐mediated ‘positional memory’ regulates cartilage formation subsequent to femoral heterotopic grafting
Authors: Song Haoyue , Hao Yujia , Xie Qingpeng , Chen Xiaohang , Li Na , Wang Jia , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Zhang Yuan , Hong Jinjia , Xue Shuyun , Zhang Pengfei , Xie Si , Wang Xing
Published: October 2024

The Hox gene plays a crucial role in the bone development, determining their structure and morphology. Limb bone grafts expressing Hox positive genes are commonly used for free transplantation to repair Hox negative mandibular critical bone defects. However, the specific role of original Hox genes in newly formed bone during the cross‐layer bone grafting healing process remains unexplored. Our findings demonstrate that femurs ectopically grafted into the mandibular environment retained a significant ability to differentiate into cartilage and form cartilaginous callus, which may be a key factor contributing to differences in bone graft healing. Hoxc10, an embryonic layer‐specific genes, regulates cartilage formation during bone healing. Mechanistically, we observed Hoxc10 retention in co‐cultured femoral BMSCs. Knocking out Hoxc10 narrows the bone gap and reduces cartilage formation. In summary, we reveal Hoxc10's ‘positional memory’ after adult cross‐layer bone graft, influencing the outcomes of autologous bone graft.
Single‐cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal apelin/APJ pathway's role in microvessel formation and tumour progression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Yongfu , Zhang Pengcheng , Huo Xingxing , Ling Yi , Lv Xiang , Lin Shengyou , Song Hang
Published: October 2024

The apelin receptor (APJ) is a key player in tumour angiogenesis, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the function of the apelin/APJ pathway in HCC using a multi‐omics approach and identify potential therapeutic biomarkers. Differentially expressed genes related to the apelin/APJ axis were identified from bulk transcriptomics to reveal HCC‐associated disparities. Single‐cell and spatial transcriptomics were used to localize and analyse the function of these genes. Machine learning models were constructed to predict outcomes based on apelin/APJ expression, and experimental validation was conducted to explore the pathway's impact on HCC angiogenesis. Single cell analysis revealed an overexpression of APJ/Aplin in the endothelium. The stemness of endothelial cell (EC) with high apelin/APJ was enhanced, as well as the expression of TGFb, oxidative stresses and PI3K/AKT pathway genes. Spatial transcriptomics confirmed that EC populations with high APJ scores were enriched within the tumour. Machine learning models showed high prognostic accuracy. High APJ expression was linked to worse outcomes (p = 0.001), and AUC values were high (1 year, 3 year, 5 year) (0.95, 0.97, 0.98). Immune suppression and non‐responsiveness of immune therapy were also seen in high‐risk groups. The experimental validation showed that silencing apelin reduced angiogenesis (p  < 0.05), endothelial proliferation, decreased expression of ANG2, KLF2, VEGFA and lower ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Apelin may serve as a potential therapeutic target in HCC, given its role in promoting tumour angiogenesis and poor patient outcomes.
Carbon Returns across the Globe
Authors: ZHANG SHAOJUN
Published: October 2024

The pricing of carbon transition risk is central to the debate on climate‐aware investments. Emissions are tightly linked to sales and are available to investors only with significant lags. The positive carbon return, or brown‐minus‐green return differential, documented in previous studies arises from forward‐looking firm performance information contained in emissions rather than a risk premium in ex ante expected returns. After accounting for the data release lag, carbon returns turn negative in the United States and insignificant globally. Developed markets experience lower carbon returns due to intense climate concern shocks, while countries with stringent climate policies exhibit higher carbon returns.
Personal Relative Deprivation and Locus of Control
Authors: Callan Mitchell J. , Sutton Robbie M. , Chobthamkit Phatthanakit , Yeung Victoria Wai Lan , Leung Florence Y. N. , Asano Ryosuke , Beattie Peter , Bernardo Allan B. I. , Boonroungrut Chinun , Chang Jen‐Ho , Chaudhuri Anindita , Chien Chin‐Lung , Choi Hoon‐Seok , Cui Lixian , Du Hongfei , English Alexander Scott , Fuji Kei , Hitokoto Hidefumi , Iida Junko , Ishii Keiko , Jiang Ding‐Yu , Jogdand Yashpal , Lee Hyejoo J. , Mifune Nobuhiro , Murayama Aya , Na Jinkyung , One Kim , Park Joonha , Sato Kosuke , Shah Punit , Sharma Suryodaya , Suh Eunkook M. , Tipandjan Arun , Wu Michael Shengtao , Skylark William J.
Published: October 2024

Objective

We investigated the relationship between personal relative deprivation (PRD)—resentment from the belief that one is worse off than people who are similar to oneself—and locus of control.

Background

Research has yet to comprehensively investigate whether PRD is associated with a tendency to favor external (vs. internal) explanations for self‐ and other‐relevant outcomes.

Method

Eight studies (Ntotal = 6729) employed cross‐sectional, experimental, and (micro)longitudinal designs and used established trait and state measures of PRD and loci of control.

Results

Participants higher in PRD adopted more external (vs. internal) explanations for others' outcomes while controlling for socio‐demographics (e.g., socioeconomic status; Studies 1–4). This relationship was mediated by a lowered sense of personal control (Study 1) and evident in a cross‐national sample of participants in Asia (Study 2). PRD is more robustly associated with external than internal explanations for self and other‐relevant outcomes (Studies 5–8), and within‐person changes in PRD are positively associated with within‐person changes in external explanations (month‐to‐month and day‐to‐day; Studies 7–8).

Conclusions

PRD is positively associated with external locus of control independent of socioeconomic status, within and between people, and across cultures. This research highlights the implications of PRD for people's construal of the causal forces that govern their lives.
Lifetime History of Head or Traumatic Brain Injury Before Age 9 and School Outcomes: Results From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
Authors: Waltzman Dana , Haarbauer‐Krupa Juliet , Daugherty Jill , Sarmiento Kelly , Yurgelun‐Todd Deborah A. , McGlade Erin C.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Limited information about school outcomes among children (especially early childhood) with lifetime history of head injury, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), may inhibit efforts to support their academics and physical and mental health.

METHODS

Baseline data (2016‐2018) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were analyzed to describe associations between parent‐proxy reported lifetime history of head injury or TBI before age 9 and school outcomes and behavioral challenges among 9‐ and 10‐year‐old children.

RESULTS

Having a lifetime history of head injury before age 9 was associated with increased odds of parent‐perceived poor school performance (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14‐1.81), a drop in grades (AOR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.06‐1.54), recent receipt of detentions or suspensions (AOR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.02‐1.65), and receipt of special educational services (AOR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.08‐1.41). Of those with a lifetime history of head injury, males displayed poorer school outcomes and greater behavioral challenges than females. Similar associations were observed between lifetime history of TBI before age 9 and worse school outcomes, with males continuing to demonstrate stronger associations.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings underscore the importance of screening for history of head injury and TBI and providing training for school professionals to help ensure students with a history of head or traumatic brain injury have appropriate supports in place.
Planning for Long‐Term Recovery: The Impact of COVID‐19 on Educators Working With Children From Seasonal and Migrant Farmworker Families
Authors: Rosado Javier I. , Torres‐Aponte Lisandra , Wang Yuxia
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Education faced challenges during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Although the United States has declared an end to the public health emergency, schools continue to be impacted. While considerable research has focused on the impact of the pandemic on students, fewer studies have focused on educators, and even less on educators who specialize in working with marginalized student populations.

METHODS

This study measured the impact of the pandemic impact on educators working with students from seasonal and migrant farmworker families to understand what supports educators need as schools plan for long‐term recovery. A total of 1024 educators including early childhood education and K‐12 teachers, as well as administrators, completed a COVID‐19 questionnaire between October 2020 and January 2021, measuring their experiences as well as personal and work‐related stressors during the pandemic.

RESULTS

Educators underwent difficult COVID‐19 experiences and faced several factors contributing to personal and work‐related stress. Personal stress factors included concerns about they themselves, or family members, becoming ill, concerns about the emotional/mental health of their family, and fear of loss/reduction in employment. Work‐related stress factors included concerns about the emotional and mental health of co‐workers.

CONCLUSION

Educators working with migrant children need additional supports—including support from administrators, psychological services, and opportunities to give/receive colleague/peer support.
‘You're not supposed to be gay, you're black’: Analysing race and LGBTQ+ youth identity through an intersectional lens
Authors: Jones Lucy
Published: October 2024

In this article, I build upon calls for an intersectional approach in sociocultural linguistic research – particularly in the context of language, gender and sexuality – which attends robustly to the question of race. Through the analysis of four moments of discourse between young LGBTQ+ people, I show how their queer positionality is informed and shaped by their experience as white or racialised youths. In doing so, I demonstrate the intra‐categorical nature of identity and the benefits of a ‘thick’ analytical approach which pays close attention to individual speakers’ positionalities. Furthermore, I argue for sociocultural linguistic research which honours the origins of intersectionality theory by accounting explicitly for the role of systemic racism and white privilege on speakers’ identity constructions.
First Report of Rhizoctonia solaniAG‐4 HGI Causing Corky Cracks on Potato Tubers in Mauritius
Authors: Takooree Sandhya Devi , Neetoo Hudaa , Vojvodić Mira , Bulajić Aleksandra , Ranghoo‐Sanmukhiya Vijayanti Mala
Published: October 2024

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is of great economic importance for Mauritius. During a disease survey carried out in a field in one of the major potato‐growing regions of Mauritius, corky cracked lesions with halo and mycelial growth were observed on the skin surfaces of around 45% of tubers. The suspected fungus from the affected areas was isolated on amended potato dextrose agar and after 7 days, several fast‐growing, pale brown Rhizoctonia‐like colonies with a few sclerotia were observed. Additionally, microscopic analysis revealed some cells being multinucleate, forming hyphal branching at right angles with slight constriction together with septum near the branch base. Pathogenicity tests confirmed development of the same symptoms on potato tubers and the causal agent was reisolated successfully. Sequence analysis of the ITS region of representative isolate P114 amplified using ITS1F/ITS4 primers showed that it was identical to several isolates of multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani AG‐4 HGI, and neighbour‐joining phylogenetic analyses confirmed the identification. To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solani AG‐4 HGI‐infecting potato tubers and causing corky cracks in Mauritius.
Molecular responses of seaweeds to biotic interactions: A systematic review
Authors: Lang Tomas , Cummins Scott F. , Paul Nicholas A. , Campbell Alexandra H.
Published: October 2024

Seaweed farming is the single largest aquaculture commodity with >30 million tonnes produced each year. Furthermore, the restoration of lost seaweed forests is gaining significant momentum, particularly for kelps in warming temperate areas. Whether in aquaculture settings, following restoration practices, or in the wild, all seaweeds undergo biotic interactions with a diverse range of co‐occurring or cocultured organisms. To date, most research assessing such biotic interactions has focused on the response of the organism interacting with seaweeds, rather than on the seaweeds themselves. However, understanding how seaweeds respond to other organisms, particularly on a molecular scale, is crucial for optimizing outcomes of seaweed farming or restoration efforts and, potentially, also for the conservation of natural populations. In this systematic review, we assessed the molecular processes that seaweeds undergo during biotic interactions and propose priority areas for future research. Despite some insights into the response of seaweeds to biotic interactions, this review specifically highlights a lack of characterization of biomolecules involved in the response to chemical cues derived from interacting organisms (four studies in the last 20 years) and a predominant use of laboratory‐based experiments conducted under controlled conditions. Additionally, this review reveals that studies targeting metabolites (70%) are more common than those examining the role of genes (22%) and proteins (8%). To effectively inform seaweed aquaculture efforts, it will be crucial to conduct larger scale experiments simulating natural environments. Also, employing a holistic approach targeting genes and proteins would be beneficial to complement the relatively well‐established role of metabolites.
Risk‐based valuation of surveillance data in open environments: Methods application to a key shellfish aquaculture production region
Authors: Gustafson Lori , Remmenga Marta , Duncan Clara , Bliss Clayton , Bushek David , Carnegie Ryan B. , Giray Cem , Meyers Ted , Davis Katherine , Hartman Kathleen , Elston Ralph
Published: October 2024

Disease freedom surveillance is challenging in settings where environmental conditions and population health can change abruptly. We propose a novel approach to freedom evaluation that is specifically suited to open environments. The approach merges information about pathogen introduction risk with information from pathogen surveillance to estimate assurance of freedom. While the logic is not new, the approach uses a generalizable model designed by an expert panel to estimate introduction probability, easing the need for costly, site‐specific risk assessment. This introduction probability is then used to inform the time‐adjusted value of historical surveillance data and adapt the consequent requirements (sampling volume and frequency) of future surveys. We apply the approach to an open water region on the Pacific Coast of the United States known for its mollusk production. Results support absence of the target pathogens—Marteilia refringens, Marteilioides chungmuensis, Ostreid herpesvirus 1, Perkinsus marinus, and Perkinsus olseni—for the host species, region, and time‐period under investigation. Findings demonstrate (1) the ability to retain assurance in pathogen freedom through time in open systems, (2) the limitations of sample volume, and importance of sampling frequency, for pathogens with higher introduction risk, and (3) expert elicitation as a generalizable alternative to formal risk assessment.
Differences in elemental abundances between CI chondrites and the solar photosphere
Authors: Jurewicz A. J. G. , Amarsi A. M. , Burnett D. S. , Grevesse N.
Published: October 2024

CI chondrites have been a proxy for the solar system since the mid‐20th century. The photospheric and CI chondrite abundances (P and CI, respectively) show a strong correlation. CI as a proxy is also justified by the (i) smoothness of their abundances plotted as a function of odd mass number and (ii) agreement within the error of P as determined spectroscopically. But our statistical assessment of spectroscopic studies and solar wind from the Genesis mission indicates that the small, ~10%–30%, differences (residuals) between CI and P depend on the 50% condensation temperature (Tc50). So, if CI is to be used as a proxy for P, Cosmochemists may want to add a correction to individual elements. Our work is consistent with two published hypotheses: that (i) residuals are linear with Tc50 and (ii) that elements having Tc50 > 1343 K are depleted relative to those with 495 K < Tc50 < 1343 K in CI. We discuss other interpretations which are also feasible. Understanding these small differences of the CI and P for different elements and their variation with Tc50 can help constrain future models of solar system formation and the history of CI chondrites.