bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cosine Model Watermarking against Ensemble Distillation
Authors: Charette Laurent , Chu Lingyang , Chen Yizhou , Pei Jian , Wang Lanjun , Zhang Yong
Published: July 2022

Many model watermarking methods have been developed to prevent valuable deployed commercial models from being stealthily stolen by model distillations.
However, watermarks produced by most existing model watermarking methods can be easily evaded by ensemble distillation, because averaging the outputs of multiple ensembled models can significantly reduce or even erase the watermarks.
In this paper, we focus on tackling the challenging task of defending against ensemble distillation.
We propose a novel watermarking technique named CosWM to achieve outstanding model watermarking performance against ensemble distillation.
CosWM is not only elegant in design, but also comes with desirable theoretical guarantees.
Our extensive experiments on public data sets demonstrate the excellent performance of CosWM and its advantages over the state-of-the-art baselines.
Path-Specific Objectives for Safer Agent Incentives
Authors: Farquhar Sebastian , Carey Ryan , Everitt Tom
Published: July 2022

We present a general framework for training safe agents whose naive incentives are unsafe. As an example, manipulative or deceptive behaviour can improve rewards but should be avoided. Most approaches fail here: agents maximize expected return by any means necessary. We formally describe settings with `delicate' parts of the state which should not be used as a means to an end. We then train agents to maximize the causal effect of actions on the expected return which is not mediated by the delicate parts of state, using Causal Influence Diagram analysis. The resulting agents have no incentive to control the delicate state. We further show how our framework unifies and generalizes existing proposals.
Fairness without Imputation: A Decision Tree Approach for Fair Prediction with Missing Values
Authors: Jeong Haewon , Wang Hao , Calmon Flavio P.
Published: July 2022

We investigate the fairness concerns of training a machine learning model using data with missing values. Even though there are a number of fairness intervention methods in the literature, most of them require a complete training set as input. In practice, data can have missing values, and data missing patterns can depend on group attributes (e.g. gender or race). Simply applying off-the-shelf fair learning algorithms to an imputed dataset may lead to an unfair model. In this paper, we first theoretically analyze different sources of discrimination risks when training with an imputed dataset. Then, we propose an integrated approach based on decision trees that does not require a separate process of imputation and learning. Instead, we train a tree with missing incorporated as attribute (MIA), which does not require explicit imputation, and we optimize a fairness-regularized objective function. We demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing fairness intervention methods applied to an imputed dataset, through several experiments on real-world datasets.
On the Fairness of Causal Algorithmic Recourse
Authors: Kügelgen Julius von , Karimi Amir-Hossein , Bhatt Umang , Valera Isabel , Weller Adrian , Schölkopf Bernhard
Published: July 2022

Algorithmic fairness is typically studied from the perspective of predictions. Instead, here we investigate fairness from the perspective of recourse actions suggested to individuals to remedy an unfavourable classification. We propose two new fair-ness criteria at the group and individual level, which—unlike prior work on equalising the average group-wise distance from the decision boundary—explicitly account for causal relationships between features, thereby capturing downstream effects of recourse actions performed in the physical world. We explore how our criteria relate to others, such as counterfactual fairness, and show that fairness of recourse is complementary to fairness of prediction. We study theoretically and empirically how to enforce fair causal recourse by altering the classifier and perform a case study on the Adult dataset. Finally, we discuss whether fairness violations in the data generating process revealed by our criteria may be better addressed by societal interventions as opposed to constraints on the classifier.
Extended Goal Recognition Design with First-Order Computation Tree Logic
Authors: Au Tsz-Chiu
Published: July 2022

Goal recognition design (GRD) is the task of modifying environments for aiding observers to recognize the objectives of agents during online observations. The worst case distinctiveness (WCD), a widely used performance measure in GRD research, can fail to provide useful guidance to the redesign process when some goals are too hard to be distinguished. Moreover, the existing WCD-based approaches do not work when an agent aims for a sequence of goals instead of just one goal. The paper presents a new GRD framework called extended goal recognition design (EGRD) for goal recognition that involves multiple goals. The objective of EGRD is to modify an environment to minimize the worst case distinctiveness of a goal condition that describes how an agent can reach a set of goals. A goal condition can be formally expressed in first-order computation tree logic (FO-CTL) that can be evaluated by model checking. We introduce a novel graphical representation of FO-CTL sentences that is suitable for extended goal recognition. Moreover, we present a search algorithm for EGRD with a novel caching mechanism. Our experimental results show that the caching mechanism can greatly speed up our EGRD search algorithm by reusing the previous evaluation of FO-CTL sentences.
Sampling-Based Robust Control of Autonomous Systems with Non-Gaussian Noise
Authors: Badings Thom S. , Abate Alessandro , Jansen Nils , Parker David , Poonawala Hasan A. , Stoelinga Marielle
Published: July 2022

Controllers for autonomous systems that operate in safety-critical settings must account for stochastic disturbances. Such disturbances are often modeled as process noise, and common assumptions are that the underlying distributions are known and/or Gaussian. In practice, however, these assumptions may be unrealistic and can lead to poor approximations of the true noise distribution. We present a novel planning method that does not rely on any explicit representation of the noise distributions. In particular, we address the problem of computing a controller that provides probabilistic guarantees on safely reaching a target. First, we abstract the continuous system into a discrete-state model that captures noise by probabilistic transitions between states. As a key contribution, we adapt tools from the scenario approach to compute probably approximately correct (PAC) bounds on these transition probabilities, based on a finite number of samples of the noise. We capture these bounds in the transition probability intervals of a so-called interval Markov decision process (iMDP). This iMDP is robust against uncertainty in the transition probabilities, and the tightness of the probability intervals can be controlled through the number of samples. We use state-of-the-art verification techniques to provide guarantees on the iMDP, and compute a controller for which these guarantees carry over to the autonomous system. Realistic benchmarks show the practical applicability of our method, even when the iMDP has millions of states or transitions.
Making Translations to Classical Planning Competitive with Other HTN Planners
Authors: Behnke Gregor , Pollitt Florian , Höller Daniel , Bercher Pascal , Alford Ron
Published: July 2022

Translation-based approaches to planning allow for solving problems in complex and expressive formalisms via the means of highly efficient solvers for simpler formalisms.
To be effective, these translations have to be constructed appropriately. The current existing translation of the highly expressive formalism of HTN planning into the more simple formalism of classical planning is not on par with the performance of current dedicated HTN planners. With our contributions in this paper, we close this gap: we describe new versions of the translation that reach the performance of state-of-the-art dedicated HTN planners. We present new translation techniques both for the special case of totally-ordered HTNs as well as for the general partially-ordered case. In the latter, we show that our new translation generates only linearly many actions, while the previous encoding generates and exponential number of actions.
Risk-Aware Stochastic Shortest Path
Authors: Meggendorfer Tobias
Published: July 2022

We treat the problem of risk-aware control for stochastic shortest path (SSP) on Markov decision processes (MDP). Typically, expectation is considered for SSP, which however is oblivious to the incurred risk. We present an alternative view, instead optimizing conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), an established risk measure. We treat both Markov chains as well as MDP and introduce, through novel insights, two algorithms, based on linear programming and value iteration, respectively. Both algorithms offer precise and provably correct solutions. Evaluation of our prototype implementation shows that risk-aware control is feasible on several moderately sized models.
Qubit Routing Using Graph Neural Network Aided Monte Carlo Tree Search
Authors: Sinha Animesh , Azad Utkarsh , Singh Harjinder
Published: July 2022

Near-term quantum hardware can support two-qubit operations only on the qubits that can interact with each other. Therefore, to execute an arbitrary quantum circuit on the hardware, compilers have to first perform the task of qubit routing, i.e., to transform the quantum circuit either by inserting additional SWAP gates or by reversing existing CNOT gates to satisfy the connectivity constraints of the target topology. The depth of the transformed quantum circuits is minimized by utilizing the Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) to perform qubit routing by making it both construct each action and search over the space of all actions. It is aided in performing these tasks by a Graph neural network that evaluates the value function and action probabilities for each state. Along with this, we propose a new method of adding mutex-lock like variables in our state representation which helps factor in the parallelization of the scheduled operations, thereby pruning the depth of the output circuit. Overall, our procedure (referred to as QRoute) performs qubit routing in a hardware agnostic manner, and it outperforms other available qubit routing implementations on various circuit benchmarks.
A Complete Criterion for Value of Information in Soluble Influence Diagrams
Authors: Merwijk Chris van , Carey Ryan , Everitt Tom
Published: July 2022

Influence diagrams have recently been used to analyse the safety and fairness properties of AI systems. A key building block for this analysis is a graphical criterion for value of information (VoI). This paper establishes the first complete graphical criterion for VoI in influence diagrams with multiple decisions. Along the way, we establish two techniques for proving properties of multi-decision influence diagrams: ID homomorphisms are structure-preserving transformations of influence diagrams, while a Tree of Systems is a collection of paths that captures how information and control can flow in an influence diagram.
Fourier Representations for Black-Box Optimization over Categorical Variables
Authors: Dadkhahi Hamid , Rios Jesus , Shanmugam Karthikeyan , Das Payel
Published: July 2022

Optimization of real-world black-box functions defined over purely categorical variables is an active area of research. In particular, optimization and design of biological sequences with specific functional or structural properties have a profound impact in medicine, materials science, and biotechnology. Standalone search algorithms, such as simulated annealing (SA) and Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS), are typically used for such optimization problems. In order to improve the performance and sample efficiency of such algorithms, we propose to use existing methods in conjunction with a surrogate model for the black-box evaluations over purely categorical variables. To this end, we present two different representations, a group-theoretic Fourier expansion and an abridged one-hot encoded Boolean Fourier expansion. To learn such representations, we consider two different settings to update our surrogate model. First, we utilize an adversarial online regression setting where Fourier characters of each representation are considered as experts and their respective coefficients are updated via an exponential weight update rule each time the black box is evaluated. Second, we consider a Bayesian setting where queries are selected via Thompson sampling and the posterior is updated via a sparse Bayesian regression model (over our proposed representation) with a regularized horseshoe prior. Numerical experiments over synthetic benchmarks as well as real-world RNA sequence optimization and design problems demonstrate the representational power of the proposed methods, which achieve competitive or superior performance compared to state-of-the-art counterparts, while improving the computation cost and/or sample efficiency, substantially.
MAPF-LNS2: Fast Repairing for Multi-Agent Path Finding via Large Neighborhood Search
Authors: Li Jiaoyang , Chen Zhe , Harabor Daniel , Stuckey Peter J. , Koenig Sven
Published: July 2022

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is the problem of planning collision-free paths for multiple agents in a shared environment. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm MAPF-LNS2 based on large neighborhood search for solving MAPF efficiently. Starting from a set of paths that contain collisions, MAPF-LNS2 repeatedly selects a subset of colliding agents and replans their paths to reduce the number of collisions until the paths become collision-free. We compare MAPF-LNS2 against a variety of state-of-the-art MAPF algorithms, including Prioritized Planning with random restarts, EECBS, and PPS, and show that MAPF-LNS2 runs significantly faster than them while still providing near-optimal solutions in most cases. MAPF-LNS2 solves 80% of the random-scenario instances with the largest number of agents from the MAPF benchmark suite with a runtime limit of just 5 minutes, which, to our knowledge, has not been achieved by any existing algorithms.
Human-centred model of single window using the example of Port of Bar, Montenegro
Authors: Radulovic Ana
Published: July 2022

For the past 60 years, human-centred design (HCD) has been considered a preferred design approach for maritime single windows and ways to understand user needs. The idea proposed in this paper is a very effective way to integrate HCD into the maritime single window floor by engaging stakeholders in maritime, which is suitable for human development and participation. This was done through a panel discussion with an end-user model, with a particular focus on the navigation of commercial vessels. This study aims to increase the impact of maritime single windows and HCD knowledge on ship design and operation, by understanding where and how to integrate them and as well as where and where to hang of curtains. This paper presents HCD and the basic criteria for obtaining benefits at the physical, mental, psychosocial, organisational and sociopolitical levels, resulting in safe maritime operations, by showing the example of Port of Bar, Montenegro. The results show that successful integration of a human and naval design concept is required to be implemented in legislation to meet the demands of users and other stakeholders.
Analysis of slag mode of blast furnace melting using model decision support systems
Authors: Pavlov A. V. , Spirin N. A. , Beginyuk V. A. , Lavrov V. V. , Gurin I. A.
Published: July 2022

The article presents a balance model of the blast furnace process improved by the researchers from UrFU and PJSC “Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works” (MMK). It generally represents a system of deterministic dependencies characterizing the thermal, reduction, gas dynamic, blast and slag modes of blast furnace melting. The basic principle underlying the model is full-scale mathematical modeling. Indicators characterizing the properties of the final slag for implementation of normal slag mode of blast furnace melting (slag viscosity in the temperature range of 1350 – 1550 °C, as well as values of the slag viscosity gradients) were proposed. The slag viscosity gradient, along with the acceptable ranges of slag viscosity at different slag temperatures, are used in modeling the slag mode as limiting factors for the diagnosis of slag mode. Selection of the limit values of each of the ranges and the viscosity gradient is carried out by the method of expert evaluation. Structure of the model for calculating the parameters of the final slag is considered. Using a mathematical model of the blast furnace process, analysis of the slag mode of blast furnace melting was performed according to the actual indicators of their operation. It was established that desulfurizing ability of the slag is insufficiently used, as a result of which cast iron of reduced quality is smelted both in terms of content of sulfur and silicon. Change in characteristics of the slag mode, other things being equal, has a positive effect on gas permeability in the slag formation zone, reducing capacity of the gas and productivity of the blast furnace increase, as well as the consumption of coke decreases. The authors describe the results of design calculations of the MMK furnace performance indicators when changing the composition of loaded materials. Recommendations on the slag optimal basicity are given. Calculations showed that the optimal basicity of the final slag, which ensures its maximum liquid mobility, for operating conditions of blast furnaces of the combine is 1.04 – 1.05 for the CaO/SiO2 ratio and 1.30 – 1.32 for the (CaO + MgO)/SiO2 ratio.
A projection method for solving discretezed inverse problems for antenna measurements
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Slobodyanenko Alexandr A.
Published: July 2022

In the article, the problems of determining and monitoring antenna parameters, solved using measurements in the near field, are presented in a unified formulation corresponding to the gene-ralized inverse radiation problem in the form of an integral equation of the first kind. Within the framework of the numerical approach to the solution, the equation is discretized, and then the solution is sought approximately as a solution to the normal system of equations. It is shown that an approximate solution to the discretized problem that satisfies the normal system is also a solution to an equation with an orthogonal projector on its right-hand side. On the basis of this formulation, a new method of iterative projections is proposed. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated by the example of solving the problem of reconstructing the radiation pattern of a horn antenna from near-field data calculated for the electrodynamic model of the antenna in the HFSS program. The results of the proposed method are compared with the results of solving the problem by the method of decomposition in singular numbers.
Öğrencilerin Tam Sayılarla İşlemlerde İlişkilendirme Becerilerinin Geliştirilmesine Yönelik Bir Eylem Araştırması
Authors: TURAN Sebahat , İPEK Ali Sabri
Published: July 2022

Tam sayılarla işlemlerde ilişkilendirme becerisinin geliştirilmesinin amaçlandığı bu çalışmanın grubunu, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 7. sınıftaki 35 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmacının kendi sınıfında gözlemlediği bir problemi çözmeye yönelik sistematik bir çalışma yürütmesi dolayısıyla nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından eylem araştırması modelinin tercih edildiği çalışma kapsamında, veri toplama aracı olarak tam sayılarla işlemlerde ilişkilendirme beceri testi ve ön-son görüşme formları kullanılmıştır. Tam sayılarla işlemlerde matematiksel ilişkilendirme becerilerinin gelişim gösterdiğini ortaya koyan veriler ışığında, öğrencilerin günlük yaşamla ilişkilendirme ve kavramın farklı gösterimleri arasında ilişkilendirme boyutlarındaki gelişimleri nispeten daha ön plandadır. İlişkilendirme becerisinin gelişimine dönük planlanan etkinlik ve modellerin özellikle toplama ve çıkarma işlemlerinde daha etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, genelde ortaokul matematiği özelde tam sayılarla ilgili ders materyallerinin ilişkilendirme becerisi açısından zenginleştirilmesi önemli görülmektedir.
[RETRACTED] Vitality HQ Keto Gummies Reviews-Does Vitality Keto Work or Scam ! v1
Authors: not provided leebrewers
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Authors: not provided frankdula
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Pediatric oncology: diagnosis as stigma in parents’ opinion
Authors: Gevandova Margarita G.
Published: July 2022

The problem of pediatric oncology is central to the structure of the problems of world clinical medicine, while the improvement of oncological care for children at the present stage is associated not only with early diagnosis, successes in the treatment of oncopathologies of different etiologies, the introduction and dissemination of high-tech medical care, the expansion of rehabilitation measures but also with the development of accounting systems (oncology registers), the growth of research aimed at identifying cancer risk factors in the child population, as well as the role of social agents (family, social environment, school, etc.) in maintaining social activity and overcoming the stigma of children suffering from cancer at the stage of detection, therapy and rehabilitation.
The author, based on the results of a medical and sociological survey of parents of children with an oncological diagnosis, notes the prevalence of negatively labeling images of the disease in the structure of respondents associative ideas about the problem of pediatric oncology. Taking into account that the diagnosis of the child often acts as a trigger and predictor of the formation of self-stigma practices in parents, the author points out the need to improve measures of psychological and social support for parents of cancer children, as well as to expand the vectors of information work with the population to increase tolerance to children with oncopathology and their families.
Medical personnel potential of the regional healthcare system: risks and development opportunities
Authors: Eremina Mariya G. , Kovalev Evgeniy P. , Krom Irina L. , Erugina Marina V. , Lipchanskaya Tatiyana P.
Published: July 2022

The current period of development of the Russian healthcare system is characterized as a crisis, which is primarily due to the personnel imbalance. The authors, on the basis of a medical and statistical study of the staffing of medical organizations in the Saratov region, revealed the presence of structural imbalances: both between the actual population of the region and the staffing of the healthcare system with medical personnel in general, and between the indicators that characterize the staffing of organizations providing primary healthcare and specialized medical care with medical personnel. In regional healthcare, with a general shortage of medical personnel in the state health system (-986 doctors), there is a particularly pronounced shortage of polyclinic doctors (-986 doctors, mostly district pediatricians and internists), with a slight surplus of doctors in inpatient medical organizations (+91 people). The personnel shortage in the primary health care system determines a decrease in the level of its availability and quality and is a key risk factor for the reputational losses of the regional health care system.
Formation of family health through the implementation of priority functions of the population
Authors: Pogodina Vera A. , Polovnikova Anastasia V.
Published: July 2022

The physical condition, the factors of the populations existence, model the well-being of the basic cell of society, where its members perform certain roles.
OBJECTIVE: To study the process of forming family health through the implementation of priority functions of the population in a developing society.
METHODS: We studied the data of statistical accounting forms on the physiometric indicators of persons aged 570 years, questionnaires of the contingent from 18 to 70 years of the city of Novosibirsk. Theoretical reflection, qualitative content analysis, and interdisciplinary methods (assessment of physical condition, Students criterion, Pearsons 2, comparative analysis of the point of view of the 1870-year-old population about the priority of activity) are used to create an algorithm of actions.
RESULTS: The main roles were developed taking into account the anatomical and value characteristics of respondents aged 570 years. The main, important functions, the increased degree of their execution are established. The younger (from 18 to 29 years) the adult population, the need for reproductive and sexual opportunities is higher (36.442.6%). In persons aged 3044 and 4559, respectively, only educational and educational activities (46.8-56.4%) and household activities (38.038.9%) were highly significant. Psychoemotional (37.0%) and economic (35.7%) functions were performed by the population aged 6070. Models were created through an increased degree of performance of the roles of respondents from 18 to 70 years old. For a contingent of 1844 years old, a well-maintained life is necessary. The older (4559 years) and older (6070 years) generations are not dependent on the comfort of housing. At the same time, respondents from 18 to 70 years of age require the absence of harmful working conditions. At the same time, a balanced, irrational diet was observed in individuals aged 1829 and 3059, respectively. Whereas, for the contingent over 60 years old, the presence/ absence of rationality in the composition of dishes is not important.
CONCLUSIONS: The population, through its age-related priority functions, interacts with social institutions (health care system, economy-production, education), forms the health of the family, strengthens the national security of the country in the situation of modernization of medical structures.
Improvement of blood supply and structure of avascular spongy bone: experimental study
Authors: Nazarov E. A. , Papkov V. G. , Filimonov K. V. , Zubov A. A.
Published: July 2022

Model of avascular necrosis of the femoral head was induced bilaterally in the 52 hips (26 dogs). Immediately intertrochanteric osteotomy was done on 18 hips and 17 hips had autogenous muscle-pedicle bone graft. Seventeen were kept as controls. Intraosseous pressure was measured, the vascular architecture was studied, and histologic examination of the femoral heads was done at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The authors consider that intertrochanteric osteotomy gives highly favorable effect on the structure of avascular femoral head and intravenous administration of nitroglycerin solution improves the intraosseous circulation.
Local immunosupression as a factor for self-support of pathologic focus
Authors: Govallo V. I.
Published: July 2022

Cellular and humoral factors of immunosupression are largely the derivatives from injuried tissue. Polytrauma is proposed to be accompanied by the changes making special conditions for organism resistance. It is manifested in the induction of cellular supressive reactions and direct synthesis of autoimmune blocking humoral polypeptides and cytokines. Methods of sedative, antiblocking immunotherapy should be elaborated for successful treatment of infectious posttraumatic complications.
Anomalies of development and dysplasia of the upper cervical spine (clinic, diagnosis and treatment)
Authors: Vetrile S. T. , Kolesov S. V.
Published: July 2022

As you know, the craniovertebral region - the place where the spine passes into the skull - includes the two upper cervical vertebrae (atlas and axis) and the basal part of the occipital bone. Between these bone formations, two joints (head joints) are formed. The lower joint of the head (atlantoaxial) provides rotational movements, while the upper joint (atlantooccipital) provides mainly flexion-extension [5]. Both joints are characterized by significant anatomical variations, congenital anatomical disorders are not uncommon, as well as injuries and osteoarticular diseases [3, 10].
Rendering of specialized medical care to patients with spine and spinal cord injuries in Belorussia
Authors: Voronovich I. R. , Petrenko A. M. , Makarevich S. V. , Babkin A. V. , Zholnerovich I. N.
Published: July 2022

In 1984 the Republic Scientific Practical Center for patients with spine and spinal cord injuries complicated by the paresis and paralysis of the lower and upper extremities as well as the pelvic function disturbances was organized on the basis of the Belorussian Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics. The Center has a unit for 60 beds with adequate staff and a mobile neurosurgical team. During 1984-1996 the mobile team rendered specialized medical care to 2976 victims with spine injuries. 1924 patients were hospitalized to the Center. At the Center modern diagnostic methods are used; new fixators and instruments have been elaborated in cooperation with Medbiotech; decompressionstabilizing operations with bone plasty and stabilization by different metallic devices are performed on the whole spine (from C1 - C2 to S1 -S2).Long standing experience of the Center shows that rendering of efficient medical care to the patients with spine injuries needs essential changes in organization, curative and rehabilitation tack- tics of patients management. Authors consider believe that the organization of regional specialized spine centers, mobile teams for urgent neuro-orthopaedic care and rehabilitation centers for medical, social, labor and psychological rehabilitation is expedient.
The analysis of some electoral laws: democracy infringement or a guarantee for constitutional order stability?
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Bobrova N. A. , Soshnikov V. V. ,   Samara Regional Duma
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the competition of principles of electoral process democratic nature, on the one hand, and the principles of constitutional order stability, on the other hand. The authors consider several significant changes in Federal law “On basic protections of electoral rights and the right to participate in a referendum of citizens of the Russian Federation” of the 12th of July, 2002 No. 67-FZ, including the latest changes dated the 14th of March, 2022. Nearly before each election of federal importance, the amendments are being made to federal law No. 67; therefore, electoral law becomes an elastic policy instrument. About three hundred amendments have been introduced for two decades of this federal law action. The paper analyzes several most significant changes in the RF electoral legislation for the last decade, which most notably influenced the current appearance of the direct democracy in Russia: the election pledge abolition, mass reduction of the institution of direct election of heads of local self-government, the abolition of the institution of non-voting members of the electoral commissions (in electoral commissions of under-regional level), the reduction of powers of non-voting members of the electoral commissions in the RF Central Election Commission and election commissions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; the introduction of electronic voting in the election of all levels and types throughout the Russian Federation. The paper considers the consequences of these electoral laws for the principles of democracy and competing principles of constitutional order stability. The authors conclude on the priority of the principles of the constitutional order stability over the principles of democracy of the electoral process, although this priority has certain specific historical reasons, as well as the limits.
Bribery as a form of corrupt behavior
Authors:   Southwest State University, Maslova L. A.
Published: July 2022

Currently, the phenomenon of bribery is of increasing interest to some researchers though there is no single interpretation of this concept in scientific and educational literature, as well as in regulatory documents. The paper emphasizes the necessity of studying this definition by revealing inconsistency and casuistry in the changes in criminal law over the past five years. In the work, bribery is assessed through such aspects as a public danger, latency, comparability, and internal consistency of laws and regulations. Bribery is dangerous not only for economic relations, it can affect the functioning of government bodies and commercial structures, some constitutional rights of citizens, and even human life. The latency of bribery is explained by its conciliatory, mutually beneficial nature, relations that take the form of a transaction. Regarding the consistency of regulatory documents, the norms of regulatory and protective (criminal) legislation are studied on the example of the Federal Law “On Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation” and Article 184 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Thus, the definition of “exerting unlawful influence” contained in the title of Article 184 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and borrowed from the Federal Law “On Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation”, is narrower in content than in the sectoral law. Arguments are presented on the lack of necessity to fix the concept of bribery in Article 110.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, while the refusal of the legislator to use this term in Article 184 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is critically evaluated. The author proposes two options for correcting the text of this regulatory provision.
Algorithm for combining mobile technologies in linguodidactics of the higher school
Authors:   Siberian Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Yurchenko M. A.
Published: July 2022

Nowadays, research in pedagogy is moving from understanding what mobile technologies are and how they work to widespread implementation. As a result, most studies are focused on the methodological interpretation of the specific mobile technologies that are relevant for a particular university. Despite the fact that mobile technologies are no longer considered a temporary phenomenon in linguodidactics of the higher school and are recognized as its integral element which requires further study, there are still no universal algorithms for combining mobile technologies to improve the process of teaching a foreign language at a university. The research focuses on the development of an algorithm for the use of mobile technologies in linguodidactics of a higher school. The author analyzes the experience of the colleagues and outlines the cognitive advantages of mobile technologies. In the course of a survey of professors from Novosibirsk university, it was apparent that they need methodological support in the use of mobile technologies in foreign language classes at a university. Based on the principles of universality, transparency, and focusing on the language disciplines, the author models an algorithm for combining mobile technologies that would facilitate the systematic use of M-learning in both blended and face-to-face learning. The algorithm was tested in the foreign language classes during the semester of blended learning with undergraduate students of the program “International Relations” as the participants. The results of the approbation prove that with the regular and reasonable application of M-learning tools it is possible to intensify and facilitate foreign language teaching at a university.
The relation of metacognitive involvement with personal intellectual assets and the development of universal competences of students
Authors:   Ural State Pedagogical University, Melnikova M. L. , Chikova O. A. ,   Ural State Pedagogical University, Maksimova L. A. ,   Ural State Pedagogical University
Published: July 2022

The paper discusses why having preserved and sometimes high-level intelligence, a person is not always successful in educational activities. According to the studies, planning and monitoring skills and the skill to control the process of own activity (metacognitive involvement) can determine success in learning. This work aims to study the relations between metacognitive involvement and the personal intellectual resources of students. The authors based the research methodology on structural equation modeling (SEM). The study involved 140 respondents – senior class students of schools and universities. The study showed the existence of positive relations between metacognitive involvement, universal competencies, and personal intellectual resources. The authors identified that women had higher cooperation indicators than men; the students of humanitarian training programs had higher communication indicators; academic performance indicators were low-positively associated with metacognitive involvement. The authors conclude that metacognitive processes and qualities are associated with the general abilities of a person, the structure of which involves metacognitive components. As a result of factor analysis, the authors developed a two-factor model: Metacommunication (F1 factor), which indicates individual intellectual resources and universal competencies, manifested in activity and communication, and Cognitive abilities (F2 factor), manifested in thinking. The study identified the relations between the academic success indicators, factors of metacognitive involvement, and metacommunications of students.
Psychological predictors of the development of social intelligence in the students of socionomic professions
Authors:   Bryansk State Academician I.G. Petrovski University, Osmolovskaya S. S.
Published: July 2022

The paper considers the features of social intelligence among the students of socionomic professions. Today, there is a gap between modern studies of the social intelligence phenomenon and its direct experimental development among the students of socionomic training programs during the study at a higher educational institution. The paper presents the psychological characteristics of students with different levels of social intelligence development. The students showed the predominance of social intelligence at average and below-average levels. Among the social intelligence components, the ability to understand the interlocutor’s speech acts is the most expressed, and the ability to recognize the structure of interpersonal situations in the dynamics is the worst expressed. The analysis of indicators of manipulative attitudes allows speaking about students’ average inclination to manipulate. The results of the study of values indicate the importance of such regulatory ideals as safety, self-dependence, and kindness, and such individual priorities as universalism, independence, and stimulation. The results of the study of self-attitude components allow concluding on strongly pronounced indicators of all self-attitude scales except self-esteem, which is slightly expressed. Using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test, the author carried out the comparative analysis of data in the groups of students with different levels of social intelligence and identified characteristics of the personality of students with different levels of social intelligence. The composed regression model allowed identifying psychological predictors promoting the development of social intelligence: some types of value orientations, self-attitude components, and manipulation attitude.
The influence of dislocation and twin structures on the mechanical characteristics of Ni–Mn–Ga alloys at ultrasonic frequencies
Authors:   ITMO University, Kaminskii V. V. , Kalganov D. A. ,   ITMO University, Podlesnov E. ,   ITMO University, Romanov A. E. ,   ITMO University
Published: July 2022

Magnetic shape memory alloys are a specific subtype of shape memory materials. The magnetic deformation phenomenon causes the high research interest in these alloys. Thus, in one of the most promising alloys based on Ni–Mn–Ga, using a magnetic field, it is possible to achieve changes in a single crystal size by up to 10 % due to the reorientation of the magnetic field in magnetic domains. The high magnetic deformation is directly related to the high mobility of twin boundaries separating two domains. In this work, the authors used a composite piezoelectric oscillator at a frequency of about 100 kHz to determine the influence of such defects as dislocations and twin boundaries on the mechanical characteristics of Ni49Mn30Ga21. The authors investigated the features of temperature dependences of internal friction in the samples before and after deformation and provided the amplitude dependences of these characteristics. In the studied single-crystal martensitic phase, the transition from the tetragonal phase to the orthorhombic phase was detected at 235 K. In the Ni–Mn–Ga tetragonal phase, the formation of new defects contributes to the more pronounced and early onset of amplitude-dependent internal friction. At lower loads, the successive stages occur associated with the processes of dislocations and twin boundaries movements inside the Cottrell clouds, dislocations and twin boundaries movement outside the Cottrell clouds, and supposedly, the slowdown of dislocations and twin boundaries movement due to their interaction. As well as internal friction, the authors studied the change in Young’s modulus. Its decrease at all temperatures is most pronounced in the samples with the defective structures. The study identified that in the orthorhombic phase, it is possible to observe the internal friction dependence on the deformation amplitude at a lower load due to an increase in the twin boundaries mobility with increasing temperature.
Structure effect on the kinetics and staging of the corrosion process of biodegradable ZX10 and WZ31 magnesium alloys
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Myagkikh P. N. , Merson E. D. ,   Togliatti State University, Poluyanov V. A. ,   Togliatti State University, Merson D. L. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: July 2022

Biodegradable magnesium alloys are one of the most promising materials for osteosynthesis surgical implants due to the combination of unique properties: high strength, low weight, Young’s modulus close to the bone’s one, and low cytotoxicity. The most important performance characteristic is the corrosion rate, which determines the lifetime of an implant. At the moment, the main efforts of the researchers are aimed at finding a material with optimal corrosion properties ensuring the preservation of the operational properties of an implant during the bone healing period. Most of the works on this issue cover the study of the influence of the alloy chemical composition. At the same time, it is widely known that the structure of a material can also have a great effect on corrosion, for example, grain refinement can even change its type. Besides, it is important that the materials with the same quantitative parameters of corrosion can be substantially different in terms of the corrosion process staging. The authors studied the WZ31 and ZX10 magnesium alloys in two states: as-cast (coarse-grained) and after multi-axial isothermal forging and pressing (fine-grained), using the up-to-date in-situ methods that allow monitoring the dynamics of changes in the corrosion rate, as well as the staging of the corrosion damage development on the sample surface. Such methods are the corrosion rate measuring by hydrogen evolution and the sample’s surface video-monitoring during the corrosion attack. The authors carried out tests within the conditions similar to the human body conditions, such as temperature, the corrosion environment composition, and pH level. The obtained results show that the type of corrosion of the WZ31 alloy changes with the decrease in the grain size from a relatively uniform to a highly localized corrosion. In contrast, the ZX10 alloy showed a decrease in the corrosion rate with the decreasing grain size, but the corrosion type did not change.
Winter activity record of two lizard species in Egypt
Authors:   Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Milto K. D.
Published: July 2022

Two Acanthodactylus boskianus and three Mesalina guttulata were recorded on the surface at day time, 12 January 2022 in the South Eastern Desert, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt. The weather was clear full day, in the middle of the day the air temperature reached +24⁰C. Lizards not only actively moved, but also demonstrated foraging behavior. This is the first documented record of winter activity of lacertids in Egypt.