bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing food safety standards in beef jerky production process with the application of hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP)
Authors: Putri Nilda Tri , Rhamadani Ajeng , Wisnel Wisnel
Published: August 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to identify the hazards in the production process and designing standard operational procedure (SOP) in producing beef jerky (dendeng Lambok). This SOP is designed with the application of hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) that aimed to be a standard guideline for producing dendeng lambok products that are safe for consumption.

Design/methodology/approach

Problems that are generally found in the food industry are that there are many products, which do not meet food safety standards so that these products are not safe for consumption. The method can be used in dealing with these problems is to apply HACCP and design the SOP for the production of dendeng lambok. The initial data used are a flow diagram of the dendeng lambok production process. Flowchart of dendeng lambok production process is needed to identify hazards in each process. Based on the identification of hazards in each process, a process is included in the critical control point (CCP). Furthermore, SOP is designed for processes that enter CCPs.

Findings

Based on the application of HACCP, there are four processes that are included in the CCP consisting of boiling beef, beef frying, chili frying and packaging. SOP is designed for processes included in the CCP so that they can be used as standard guidelines in the dendeng lambok production process in producing products that are safe for consumption.

Research limitations/implications

HACCP is a method that is widely applied to ensure the products produced are safe for consumption. Based on previous research studies, the application of HACCP can reduce the hazard to food and the resulting product is safe for consumption. The application of HACCP can also improve the safety and quality of products, thereby causing a decrease in overall costs and increasing company revenue.

Practical implications

This research can only be useful for one of the small and medium food-industries in West Sumatra, Indonesia. It is, namely, Asal Seiya Sekata (ASESE), Ltd. This is because the SOP is designed in accordance with the conditions and problems in the dendeng lambok production process at ASESE, Ltd.

Social implications

This research is expected to help ASESE, Ltd. in maintaining the quality and safety of the produced dendeng lambok products. HACCP is applied in the production process dendeng lambok done to minimize the hazards of each production process dendeng lambok. The SOP is given as a standard guideline in the production process of dendeng lambok in producing products that are safe for consumption.

Originality/value

SOP designed can be used as a reference or guideline in the production process of dendeng lambok to reduce hazards in the process that included in the CCP. SOP designed for boiling beef, beef frying, chili frying and packaging.
Functional and nutraceutical properties of pumpkin – a review
Authors: Kaur Simran , Panghal Anil , Garg M.K. , Mann Sandeep , Khatkar Sunil K. , Sharma Poorva , Chhikara Navnidhi
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review the nutritional and food value of pumpkinCucurbita, along with different health benefits.Cucurbita(pumpkin) is an herbaceous vine, member of Cucurbitaceae family. It is an edible, heat-sensitive plant, which has an abundant amount of active compounds such as carotenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, tocopherols, phytosterols and cucurbitacin, accounted for numerous health benefits, namely, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, hypotensive, hyper protective activities.

Design/methodology/approach

Major well-known bibliometric information sources such as Web of Science, Scopus, Mendeley and Google Scholar were searched with keywords such as nutrition value ofCucurbita,Cucurbitautilization, bioactive compounds of pumpkin, health benefits, processing, food formulations and current scenarios were chosen to obtain a large range of papers to be analyzed. A final inventory of 105 scientific sources was made after sorting and classifying them according to different criteria based on topic, academic field, country of origin and year of publication.

Findings

The comprehensive review of different literature, data sources and research papers seeks to find and discuss various nutritional benefits of pumpkin. It contains all necessary macro- and micro-nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, antioxidants and bioactive compounds with a relatively low amount of antinutrients. The recent upsurge in consumer interest for health-promoting products has opened up new vistas for plant products containing bioactive compounds in different food formulations.

Originality/value

This paper contains information regarding the chemical composition, nutritive value, phytochemical studies, pharmacological properties, bio-accessibility, food and industrial applications of pumpkin. Worldwide, pumpkin is used as food additive in various food products such as candy, weaning mix, corn grits, kheer, jam, crackers, bread, etc. Effect of different processing methods such as high temperature, pH, blanching, oven drying, freeze-drying to retain or minimize its losses in case of color, texture, flavor, and the carotenoids are of concern. The review paper highlights the nutritional, therapeutic, potential and processing attributes.
The effect of acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) intake on the atherosclerosis inflammatory mediators (sCD40L e CCL5) in apparently healthy women
Authors: de Freitas Castro Thalles , Fátima Gomes Simone , Cacilda dos Santos Silva Fernanda , Pereira de Oliveira Fernando Luiz , Ferreira do Amaral Joana , Dória Ribeiro de Andrade Previato Helena , Nascimento de Freitas Renata , Pinheiro Volp Ana Carolina
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of acai pulp consumption on biometric parameters and inflammatory biomarkers (sCD40L, CCL5, TNF-a and CRP) in apparently healthy women.

Design/methodology/approach

Nutritional intervention was performed with women who consumed 200 g of acai pulp daily during 30 consecutive days. Firstly, they were divided into two groups: normal weight and overweight related to BMI. Then, such volunteers were subdivided into other two groups according to values below or above the median of sCD40L.

Findings

sCD40L (ρg/mL) concentrations increased in overweight volunteers post-consumption of acai (964 ± 542) compared with the same volunteers pre-consumption of acai (633 ± 187, p = 0.03), and the CCL5 concentrations (ρg/mL) decreased in volunteers with sCD40L concentrations below median after the treatment (4.1 ± 1.5) when compared in same volunteers before the treatment (5.8 ± 1.8, p = 0.02). Protein consumption (g) reduced in volunteers with sCD40L concentrations below median after the intervention (96.6 ± 44.5), when compared before the intervention (96.7 ± 33.8, p = 0.03).

Originality/value

This paper concluded that the acai consumption can modulate the inflammatory profile in both stratified volunteers according to the BMI and the sCD40L marker median.
Financial Development, Foreign Banks and Economic Growth in Africa
Authors: El Menyari Younesse
Published: August 2019

This study aims to examine and analyze the impact of financial development and foreign bank penetration on African economies. An empirical study for the period 1995–2015 is conducted using the system GMM estimator. Our empirical results indicate that foreign bank entry has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in the countries of North and Southern Africa, while in the other two regions considered in this study (West and Central Africa, East Africa) the impact is negative and rarely significant. In addition, our results show that the development of financial markets has a positive and significant effect on economic growth only in the Southern African region. The paper concludes that policymakers should focus on long‐term policies to strengthen the financial sector to truly meet the needs of African people.
The Long‐run and Short‐run Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Financial Development in African Countries
Authors: Henri Njangang , Luc Nembot Ndeffo , Larissa Nawo
Published: August 2019

This paper contributes to the understanding of the other neglected effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) by analysing how FDI affects financial development in the short run and long run for a panel of 49 African countries over the period 1990–2016. The empirical evidence is based on a pooled mean group approach. With three panels differentiated by income level, the following findings are established: first, while there is a positive and significant long‐run relationship between FDI and financial development in Africa, in the short run the effect of FDI on financial development is negative. Second, the effect of FDI is positive and significant in the long run in the three sub‐samples. However, in the short run, the effect of FDI is negative and significant in lower‐income countries and non‐significant in lower‐middle‐income and upper‐middle‐income countries. Overall we find strong evidence supporting the view that FDI promotes financial development in African countries in the long run.
Penny Stocks: A Handy Tool for Enhancing Fund Performance?
Authors: Song Inwook , Park Young K.
Published: August 2019

This study analyzes the characteristics of penny stocks and the benefits of including them in fund portfolios. First, we show that penny stocks provide abnormal returns that are not explained by traditional factor models; the liquidity factor seems to account for the excess performance. Second, we find that penny stocks can serve as a powerful investment vehicle for expanding the efficient frontier of the conventional investment set and that including them in fund portfolios improves a fund's performance. Third, we find that penny stocks held more by funds provide excess returns even for a 5‐factor model that includes a liquidity factor.
Chief Executive Officer Inside Debt Holdings and Labor Investment Efficiency
Authors: Mo Kyoungwon , Kim Young Jin , Park Kyung Jin
Published: August 2019

We show how chief executive officer (CEO) inside debt holdings affect corporations’ labor investment behavior. We empirically find a positive association between CEO inside debt holdings shown to increase their conservatism and long‐term horizons due to deferred payments and labor investment efficiency recognized as an integral factor in a firm's long‐term survival and growth. Additional analyses reveal that CEO inside debt holdings lead to a greater tendency to reduce net hiring amid excess labor availability than is observed when levels are optimal. This tendency is especially marked when CEO power is strong and when the firm has relatively high financial liquidity and leverage.
Editorial: evaluating cirrhosis progression‐lessons from the heart
Authors: Solà Elsa , Ginès Pere
Published: August 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Jansen et al and Mookerjee and Thomsen papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15365 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15463.
Neo‐Fisherism and inflation control
Authors: Williamson Stephen
Published: August 2019

According to conventional central banking wisdom, an inflation‐targeting central bank should increase (decrease) its nominal interest rate target when inflation is above (below) its target. According to neo‐Fisherites, conventional central bankers have the sign wrong. Essentially all mainstream macroeconomic models tell us that increases in nominal interest rates increase inflation—in the short run and in the long run. This paper reviews neo‐Fisherian theory and evidence and addresses issues relating to inflation control in low real interest rate environments.
Dimensional changes of buccal bone plate in immediate implants inserted through open flap, open flap and bone grafting and flapless techniques: A cone‐beam computed tomography randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Grassi Felice Roberto , Grassi Roberta , Rapone Biagio , Alemanno Gianfranco , Balena Alessandro , Kalemaj Zamira
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To assess through cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) buccal alveolar bone alterations after immediate implant placement using the following techniques: open flap and grafting (flap‐graft), open flap and no grafting (flap‐nograft) and flapless and no grafting (noflap‐nograft).

Materials and methods

This was a three‐armed parallel group randomized clinical trial with allocation ratio 1:1:1. Patients were eligible in case they needed immediate implant replacing teeth in maxillary premolar area, with sufficient buccal bone support. CBCT was performed immediately after the intervention and 6 months later. The main outcomes were CBCT measurements performed at apical (A‐EA), medial (M‐EM) and external and internal implant bevel level (B‐EB, B‐IB) and vertical defect depth (DP). Pain and discomfort, time of surgery and complications were recorded. Differences between groups were estimated through ANOVA tests and post‐hoc Scheffe's analysis for pairwise comparisons. Multiple regressions were conducted to estimate influence of gingival biotype and baseline marginal gap dimension.

Results

Forty‐five patients were recruited and randomized to treatments with one lost to follow‐up. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of treatment technique was not relevant for all horizontal and vertical outcomes. The three techniques exhibited almost complete fill of marginal gap, with a mean residual vertical gap of 0.27 mm and horizontal gap of 0.5 mm. Regression models indicated a positive effect of thick biotype on gap filling and dimensional bone reduction. The noflap‐nograft technique resulted less painful.

Conclusions

The option of noflap‐nograft surgery in post‐extraction implants allows for minimal surgical intervention with comparable buccal bone changes and gap filling after a follow‐up of 6 months in sites with sufficient buccal bone support.
A method to estimate pre‐exploitation population size
Authors: Foley Catherine M. , Lynch Heather J.
Published: August 2019

Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) were commercially exploited on the subantarctic island of South Georgia for over 100 years and nearly driven to extinction. Since the cessation of harvesting, however, their populations have rebounded, and they are now often considered a nuisance species whose impact on the terrestrial landscape should be mitigated. Any evaluation of their current population requires the context provided by their historic, pre‐exploitation abundance, lest ecologists fall prey to shifting baseline syndrome in which their perspective on current abundance is compared only with an altered state resulting from past anthropogenic disturbance. Estimating pre‐exploitation abundance is critical to defining species recovery and setting recovery targets, both of which are needed for the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's recent efforts to develop a green list of recovering species. To address this issue, we reconstructed the South Georgia fur seal harvest from 1786 to 1908 from ship logbooks and other historical records and interpolated missing harvest data as necessary with a generalized linear model fit to the historical record. Using an approximate Bayesian computation framework, harvest data, and a stochastic age‐structured population model, we estimated the pre‐exploitation abundance of Antarctic fur seals on South Georgia was 2.5 million females (95% CI 1.5–3.5 million). This estimate is similar to recent abundance estimates, and suggests current populations, and the ecological consequences of so many fur seals on the island, may be similar to conditions prior to human harvest. Although the historic archive on the fur sealing era is unavoidably patchy, the use of archival records is essential for reconstructing the past and, correspondingly, to understanding the present.

Article impact statement: Defining species recovery requires an understanding of baseline population state, which can be estimated through statistical methods.
Positive change in hand care habits using therapeutic patient education in chronic hand eczema
Authors: Tauber Marie , Lourari Siham , Bérard Emilie , Questel Emmanuel , Redoules Daniel , Giordano‐Labadie Françoise , Simon Michel , Paul Carle ,   Therapeutic Education Group (GET) of the French Society of Dermatology (SFD)
Published: August 2019

Background

Chronic hand eczema (CHE) is a major burden for patients. Maintenance treatment involves prevention measures limiting detrimental behaviour and aggravating factors.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of a standardised care program including therapeutic patient education (TPE) on hand care behaviours, clinical severity, quality of life, and work productivity.

Methods

A single‐centre study was conducted prospectively. Together with the prescription of a topical steroid, patients participated in individual TPE sessions. Evaluations were performed initially and repeated three months after the therapeutic intervention. They included a structured analysis of hand care behaviours, the assessment of the mTLSS (modified Total Lesion Symptom Score), DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index), and WPAI (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment).

Results

Seventy‐one patients were included (30 men, 42.3%). Three months after completion of the standardised care program, hand care behaviours such as hand washing and rinsing, hand drying, wearing protective gloves, using moisturizing creams, and following specific treatments and recommendations for CHE improved significantly in the 58 patients who completed the study and were associated with a significant improvement in the mTLSS, DLQI, and WPAI scores.

Conclusions

TPE helps patients change their hand care behaviours and adopt skin protection measures, and may improve CHE severity, quality of life, and work productivity.
Cognitive Task Analysis for Implicit Knowledge About Visual Representations With Similarity Learning Methods
Authors: Mason Blake , Rau Martina A. , Nowak Robert
Published: August 2019

Visual representations are prevalent in STEM instruction. To benefit from visuals, students need representational competencies that enable them to see meaningful information. Most research has focused on explicit conceptual representational competencies, but implicit perceptual competencies might also allow students to efficiently see meaningful information in visuals. Most common methods to assess students’ representational competencies rely on verbal explanations or assume explicit attention. However, because perceptual competencies are implicit and not necessarily verbally accessible, these methods are ill‐equipped to assess them. We address these shortcomings with a method that draws on similarity learning, a machine learning technique that detects visual features that account for participants’ responses to triplet comparisons of visuals. In Experiment 1, 614 chemistry students judged the similarity of Lewis structures and in Experiment 2, 489 students judged the similarity of ball‐and‐stick models. Our results showed that our method can detect visual features that drive students’ perception and suggested that students’ conceptual knowledge about molecules informed perceptual competencies through top‐down processes. Furthermore, Experiment 2 tested whether we can improve the efficiency of the method with active sampling. Results showed that random sampling yielded higher accuracy than active sampling for small sample sizes. Together, the experiments provide the first method to assess students’ perceptual competencies implicitly, without requiring verbalization or assuming explicit visual attention. These findings have implications for the design of instructional interventions that help students acquire perceptual representational competencies.
Restricted‐area culls and red fox abundance: Are effects a matter of time and place?
Authors: Kämmerle Jim‐Lino , Ritchie Euan G. , Storch Ilse
Published: August 2019

Predators are often culled to benefit prey, but in many cases this conservation goal is not achieved or results remain unknown. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a predator of global significance, and an invasive species in some regions. Red fox culls intended to benefit prey are often restricted to small areas, and effectiveness is rarely sufficiently evaluated. Given the economic, ecological, social, and welfare issues associated with lethal predator control, there is a strong need to assess the effects of spatiotemporal variation in culling intensity on red fox abundance. We surveyed red fox populations in fragmented forests of south‐western Germany and related indices of local fox abundance to culling data, predicted landscape‐scale fox abundance, and other covariates. We tested whether restricted‐area culling was associated with local reductions in fox abundance, and examined how this relationship changed over time. Local fox abundance was temporarily reduced in spring, following winter culls. However, the effect was minor and fox populations had compensated for the reductions at the latest by autumn. Restricted‐area culling therefore likely failed to sustain effects on fox abundance throughout the period most relevant for conservation (i.e., the reproductive period of the target prey species). To be effective as a conservation tool, culling will therefore require explicit spatiotemporal coordination matching the biology of predators and target prey.
Large dams, norms and Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Schapper Andrea , Urban Frauke
Published: August 2019

Motivation

In this article, we examine the role of norms in protecting the rights of Indigenous Peoples with regard to hydroelectric dams. We argue that the way large‐scale dams are built and managed—including their impacts on Indigenous Peoples—varies according to the political context of the host country. In more restrictive political contexts, norms may often be neglected or compromised.

Purpose

The political system and domestic legislation are crucial factors that need to be considered in more depth in research scholarship on dams. We contribute to filling this research gap by presenting a comparative analysis of the Bakun dam in Malaysia and the Gibe III dam in Ethiopia, demonstrating that norms tend to be ignored or compromised in restrictive and authoritarian political environments.

Approach and Methods

We compare the similarities and differences of these two dam projects systematically drawing on empirical field research comprising interviews, focus group discussions and the analysis of primary and secondary documents.

Findings

Our research reveals that international and private norms are often neglected in partly free or unfree political systems. Even domestic legislation can be circumvented by a strong or authoritarian state government, and this can lead to serious delays and neglect of protective standards.

Policy Implications

International standards are often more ambitious than national standards and their implementation in the hydropower dams industry can help to improve the social and environmental sustainability of projects. Active civil society organizations can use norms and standards to strengthen social mobilization within the country and can transmit important information outside the country to build transnational alliances. Pressure and persuasion mechanisms can lead to norm change and norm compliance by state actors.
Evaluating the short‐term effect of cross‐market discounts in purchases using neural networks: A case in retail sector
Authors: Miguéis Vera L. , Camanho Ana S. , Falcão e Cunha João
Published: August 2019

Promotional tools such as cross‐market discounts have been increasingly used as a means to increase customer satisfaction and sales. This paper aims to assess whether the implementation of a cross‐market discount campaign by a retailing company encouraged customers to increase their purchases level. It contributes to the literature by using neural networks to detect novelties in a real context involving cross‐market discounts. Besides the computation of point predictions, the methodology proposed involves the estimation of neural networks prediction intervals. Sales predictions are compared with the observed values in order to detect significant changes in customers' spending. The use of neural networks is validated through the comparison with the forecasting estimates of support vector regression, regression trees, and linear regression. The results reveal that the promotional campaign under analysis did not significantly impact the sales of the rewarded customers.
Alterations in odontogenesis and tooth eruption resulting from exposure to hexavalent chromium in suckling animals
Authors: Sánchez Luciana Marina , Ubios Ángela Matilde
Published: August 2019

Background

Heavy metals including Cr VI are present in inadequately treated effluents that contaminate drinking water. Hence, Cr VI exposure can affect children through intake of breast milk from an exposed mother or bottle‐feeding formula prepared with contaminated water. To date, there are no reports on the effects of Cr VI exposure on tooth formation processes concomitant to tooth eruption.

Aim

To study the effect of Cr VI exposure on tooth tissue formation in suckling Wistar rats by assessing dental tissues at different stages of tooth eruption.

Design

Experimental animals received 12.5 mg/kg body weight/day of a potassium dichromate solution by gavage; control animals were similarly administered an equivalent volume of saline solution. Each group was divided into three subsets according to age at euthanasia: 9, 15, and 23 days. Dental formation was analysed histologically and histomorphometrically. Statistical analysis: Student's t test; P < .05.

Results

Cr VI‐exposed animals showed a delay in mineralized crown and root tissue formation. These findings are directly associated with the observed delay in tooth eruption.

Conclusion

Our findings show the importance of monitoring drinking water levels of toxic substances, since exposure during early childhood can alter tooth formation, growth, and development.
Understanding the concept of missed nursing care from a cross‐cultural perspective
Authors: Zeleníková Renáta , Drach‐Zahavy Anat , Gurková Elena , Papastavrou Evridiki ,   RANCARE Consortium COST
Published: August 2019

Aims

To investigate how nursing experts and experts from other health professions understand the concept of rationing/missed/unfinished nursing care and how this is compared at a cross‐cultural level.

Design

The mixed methods descriptive study.

Methods

The semi‐structured questionnaires were sent to the sample of 45 scholars and practitioners from 26 countries. Data were collected from November 2017–February 2018.

Results

Assigning average cultural values to participants from each country revealed three cultural groups: high individualism‐high masculinity, high individualism‐low masculinity and low individualism‐medium masculinity. Content analysis of the findings revealed three main themes, which were identified across cultural clusters: (a) projecting blame for the phenomenon: Blaming the nurse versus blaming the system; (b) intentionality versus unintentionality; and (c) focus on nurses in comparison to focus on patients.

Conclusion

Consistent differences in the understanding of missed nursing care can be understood in line with the nation's standing on two main cultural values: individualism and masculinity.

Impact

The findings call for scholars' caution in interpreting missed nursing care from different cultures, or in comparing levels and types of missed nursing tasks across nations. The findings further indicated that mimicking interventions to limit missed nursing care from one cultural context to the other might be ineffective. Interventions to mitigate the phenomenon should be implemented thoughtfully, considering the cultural aspects.
The effect of gender and clinical experience on shade perception
Authors: Aswini Kumar K. , Ramanarayanan Venkitachalam , Rejithan Athira , Sajeev Rahul , Suresh Reshma
Published: August 2019

Objective

Shade matching is a critical procedure in prosthetic dentistry. The correct identification of the shade by the doctor as well as the perception of the shade by the dental technician becomes critical due to the high patient expectations. The current study aims to evaluate the effect of gender and clinical experience on shade perception by dental professionals.

Materials and Methods

A total of 100 dental professionals with normal color vision who were categorized as dental students, dental doctors, and dental specialists were included in the study. Masked A2 and B2 shades tabs were made to match with a complete set of shade guide. The obtained data were entered, coded, and analyzed using SPSS version 17 for Windows.

Results

Total number of participants who identified both shade tabs correctly was 44%. There were no statistically significant differences among the gender or the clinical experience with regard to correct identification of shade tabs.

Conclusion

Within its limitations of fewer number (two) of shade tabs for comparison, the study concludes that multiple opinions may be taken clinically irrespective of the gender or clinical experience as gender and experience do not have a significant role to play for shade matching in prosthetic and restorative dentistry.
Can universal adhesive systems bond to zirconia?
Authors: dos Santos Ricardo Alves , de Lima Eliane Alves , Mendonça Luciana Sarmento , de Oliveira José Eurípedes , Rizuto Ariela Vilela , de Araújo Silva Tavares Áurea Fernanda , Braz da Silva Rodivan
Published: August 2019

Objective

To measure the bond strength to zirconia subjected to different surface treatments of universal bonding agents.

Materials and methods

Eighty blocks of zirconia were obtained by CAD/CAM milling. The blocks were embedded into PVC tubes, polished sequentially with increasing granulation sandpapers and divided into two groups according to surface treatment: polished or grit‐blasted with alumina particles. Each group was then subdivided by bonding agent employed: Z‐Prime Plus (control); Scotchbond Universal; All Bond Universal; and Z‐Prime Plus + All Bond Universal. Cylindrical composite resin build‐ups were constructed atop the blocks using a two‐part metal die. Specimens were stored for 24 hours and subjected to microshear bond strength testing. Statistical analyses were performed by means of the F‐test (ANOVA), Student's t and Tukey's test. After sputter coating, zirconia surfaces and adhesive interfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results

Bond strength was superior for grit‐blasted zirconia. In specimens with this surface treatment, there were no significant differences between experimental groups. On SEM, blasted surfaces exhibited areas of micromechanical retention and adhesive interfaces exhibited areas of zirconia‐adhesive interlocking.

Conclusion

Universal adhesive systems were able to bond to zirconia. The interlocking promoted by grit‐blasting enhanced bond strength.

Clinical significance

Universal adhesive systems simplify bonding to zirconia and enable intraoral repair of fractures.
Effects of lactic acid stress with lactic acid adaptation on the survival and expression of virulence‐related genes in Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Yu Lanlin , Ji Saisai , Yu Jinlong , Fu Wenjing , Zhang Lin , Li Jiaolong , Gao Feng , Jiang Yun
Published: August 2019

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of lactic acid stress with acid adaptation on the survival and expression of virulence‐related genes in Escherichia coli O157:H7 (strains CICC21530, 89, 95, 112, 109, and J42). E. coli were subjected to acid adaption (pH 5.0) for 1–4 hr and then exposed to acid stress (pH 3.5) for 30–120 min. Results showed that exposure to pH 3.5 decreased the survival of E. coli strains, in which strains 109, 112, and J42 had stronger acid resistance. The expression of virulence‐related genes of most strains decreased after exposure to pH 3.5 compared with nonstressed cells. In addition, acid adaptation increased the acid resistance of most strains, except for CICC21530 and J42. And the virulence expression of most acid‐adapted cells decreased or showed no significant changes compared with nonadapted cells. There were no obvious relationships between the survival and expression of virulence‐related genes in E. coli O157:H7 strains. However, variable acid resistance of acid‐adapted strains was existed, and some acid adaptation increased the strain survival and expression of virulence‐related genes, which may still threaten food safety.

Practical Applications

This study evaluated the effects of lactic acid stress with acid adaptation on the survival and expression of virulence‐related genes in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Acid adaptation could enhance the survival and virulence expression of some strains, which will threaten the safety of acidic food during processing and storage. Furthermore, variable acid resistance of acid‐adapted strains should be noticed in surveillance and control of E. coli O157:H7 in environment and food, which is beneficial for its scientific and effective risk assessment and control.
Rehabbed to Death Reframed: In Response to “Rehabbed to Death: Breaking the Cycle”
Authors: Ouslander Joseph G. , Grabowski David C.
Published: August 2019

This editorial comments on the article by Flint et al. and Joynt Maddox et al.
Repair of cutaneous and mucosal upper lip defects using double V‐Y advancement flaps
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Chao , Liu Zhifei , Zeng Ang , Wang Xiaojun , Yu Nanze , Zhu Lin , Dong Ruijia , Wang Sam , Li Xuemei
Published: August 2019

Background

The repair and reconstruction of the upper lip defects should focus on the important anatomical landmarks of the upper lip. In this investigation, double V‐Y advancement flaps were used to simultaneously repair the cutaneous and mucosal defects of the upper lip. It was especially suitable for young patients with tight skin and high‐risk scar hyperplasia in the donor sites.

Objective

The objective was to examine the surgical outcomes following the simultaneous repairation of upper lip mucocutaneous defects using double V‐Y advancement flaps.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients with defects near the vermilion border who underwent double V‐Y flaps repair from July 2014 to November 2018 was performed. Transverse V‐Y advancement flaps were used to repair the cutaneous defects and longitudinal V‐Y advancement flaps to repair the mucosal defects.

Results

Fifteen patients (six males, nine females) were retrospectively reviewed. Defects spanning the vermilion border ranged from 0.8 × 0.5 to 2.5 × 1.5 cm2. Follow‐up was for 3 months or longer. There were no perioperative complications or visible postoperative scars, and major anatomic landmarks were preserved and reconstructed. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic outcome.

Conclusion

Double V‐Y advancement flaps are suitable for the repair of superficial mucocutaneous defects smaller than 50% of the lateral upper lip, especially for younger patients with tight skin.
Facial skin cancer reconstructive and cosmetic outcomes: Analysis with algorithm for its management
Authors: Helmy Ali Yasser , Farahat Mohamed Ayman , Nasef Mahmoud A. , Abu‐Elsoud Ahmed , Dahi Asmaa , Hossni Mohamed , Ouf Mohamed O. , Zayed Tarek , ELBatawy Amr , Farid Mohamed , Taha Sayed Ahmed , EL‐Banooby Tarek
Published: August 2019

Background

Management of facial skin cancer and its complications is important research topics needing continuous update to improve the outcome.

Objective

The study is to share our findings with surgeons and healthcare providers. The authors provide their efforts by pooling data from multiple institutions; as reporting surgical outcomes is significantly lacking and much needed in the Middle East and North Africa region in order to meaningfully improve quality of care. This study proposes an algorithm for management that could aid a surgical decision‐making for reconstruction of defects after excision of facial skin cancer.

Methods

Retrograde simple descriptive analysis study is conducted for multicenter data about management of facial skin cancer and its cosmetic outcome. The analysis involves 159 male patients and 95 females.

Results

Nonmelanoma skin cancer was reported in 250 (98.4%) of 254 cases. Reconstructive procedures were complicated in 16 cases (~6.3% of the study). Skin cancer recurrence in head and neck has happened in five cases (~1.9% of the study). Flaps used survived without major complications; however, V‐Y advancement flaps showed the best aesthetic outcome.

Conclusion

This study reports data in order to meaningfully improve the quality of care. Disease incidence, reconstructive complications, recurrences, and aesthetic outcome of facial skin cancer are included in the study. Based on the data pooling, the study proposes a simple treatment algorithm that could aid in surgical decision‐making. V‐Y advancement flaps showed the best aesthetic outcome.
Gender‐related characterization of sensitive skin in normal young Chinese
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , Su Yunzhi , Zheng Baoqing , Wen Si , Liu Dan , Ye Li , Yan Yunling , Elias Peter M. , Yang Bin , Man Mao‐Qiang
Published: August 2019

Background

While clinical signs, symptoms, as well as etiology of sensitive skin in general populations have been extensively studied over the last decades, characteristics of sensitive skin in normal subjects, particularly gender‐related characteristics, still remain unknown.

Objective

In the present study, we characterize facial sensitive skin in normal young Chinese.

Subjects and Methods

A questionnaire was given to each participant aged 10‐30 years. Clinical signs, symptoms, and associated trigger factors of facial sensitive skin were compared in normal young Chinese males versus females.

Results

After excluding subjects with pre‐existing skin disorders, 475 females and 429 males out of 954 responders were included in the analyzes. Prevalence of self‐reported facial sensitive skin was significantly higher in females than in males. Yet, while more females experienced various symptoms, symptoms were more severe in males than in females. However, both the prevalence and severity of clinical signs were similar in females and males. Skin care products appeared to be the major contributors to facial sensitive skin in both genders. Moreover, it appeared that females were more sensitive to environmental factors such as low humidity and sun‐exposure while males were more sensitive to emotional factors. Taken together, these results demonstrate that characteristics of sensitive skin are associated with gender, while the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored.

Conclusions

There are gender differences in prevalence, symptoms, and trigger factors of facial sensitive skin in normal young Chinese.
Use of labor induction with dinoprostone vaginal suppositories in pregnant women with gestational hypertension
Authors: Hu Ya‐Ping , Zhou Dong , Li Min , Wang Ying , Wang Ling , Sun Guo‐Qiang , Xiao Mei
Published: August 2019

Aim

Gestational hypertension is a common disorder of pregnancy. This study aims to evaluate the effect of labor induction with dinoprostone vaginal suppositories (Propess) on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with gestational hypertension.

Methods

The retrospective study included 375 patients with gestational hypertension. All patients were included into three groups according to the characteristics at admission. Women who had initiated labor spontaneously at admission were enrolled in Spontaneous labor group. According to Bishop score, other patients underwent labor induction with Propess or oxytocin were enrolled in Propess group or Oxytocin group. Demographic information and perinatal outcome data were collected.

Results

The vaginal delivery rate of the women with gestational hypertension was respectively 93.5% (Spontaneous labor group), 77.0% (Propess group), and 52.5% (Oxytocin group) in three groups with significant difference (P < 0.001). The duration of labor was 8.29 ± 3.70 h (Spontaneous labor group), 8.45 ± 5.21 h (Propess group) and 12.37 ± 11.47 h (Oxytocin group) in three groups, respectively. No differences were found in the intrapartum fever (P = 0.588), intrapartum hemorrhage (P = 0.953), intrapartum maximum blood pressure (P = 0.301 and P = 0.535) and post‐partum hemorrhage (P = 0.075) among three groups. Neonatal outcomes were similar among three groups (Neonatal hospitalization rate, P = 0.437; 1‐min Apgar score, P = 0.304; 5‐min Apgar score, P = 0.340; Birth weight, P = 0.089). No poor maternal and neonatal outcomes occurred.

Conclusion

Pregnant women with gestational hypertension could have favorable pregnancy outcomes. Using Propess as a mode of labor induction in gestational hypertension is safe and effective, without increasing intrapartum blood pressure and inducing poor pregnancy outcomes.
Glycosylation of DMP1 maintains cranial sutures in mice
Authors: Cai Mingxiang , Li Junhui , Yue Rui , Wang Zuolin , Sun Yao
Published: August 2019

Craniosynostosis, a severe craniofacial developmental disease, can only be treated with surgery currently. Recent studies have shown that proteoglycans are involved in the suture development. For the bone matrix protein, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), glycosylation on the N‐terminal of it could generate a functional proteoglycan form of DMP1 during osteogenesis. We identified that the proteoglycan form of DMP1 (DMP1‐PG) is highly expressed in mineralisation front of suture. But, the potential role of DMP1‐PG in suture fusion remain unclear. To investigate the role of DMP1‐PG in cranial suture fusion and craniofacial bone development. By using a DMP1 glycosylation site mutation mouse model, DMP1‐S89G mice, we compared the suture development in it with control mice. We compared the suture phenotypes, bone formation rate, expression levels of bone formation markers in vivo between DMP1‐S89G mice and wild‐type mice. Meanwhile, cell culture and organ culture were performed to detect the differences in cell differentiation and suture fusion in vitro. Finally, chondroitin sulphate (CHS), as functional component of DMP1‐PG, was employed to test whether it could delay the premature suture fusion and the abnormal differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of DMP1‐PG mice. DMP1‐S89G mice had premature closure of suture and shorter skull size. Lack of DMP1‐PG accelerated bone formation in cranial suture. DMP1‐PG maintained the essential stemness of BMSCs in suture through blocking the premature differentiation of BMSCs to osteoblasts. Finally, chondroitin sulphate, a major component of DMP1‐PG, successfully delayed the premature suture fusion by organ culture of skull in vitro. DMP1‐PG could inhibit premature fusion of cranial suture and maintain the suture through regulating the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Efficiency of Zoledronic Acid in Inhibiting Accelerated Periprosthetic Bone Loss After Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty in Osteoporotic Patients: A Prospective, Cohort Study
Authors: Fu Guang‐tao , Lin Li‐jun , Sheng Pu‐yi , Li Chang‐chuan , Zhang Jin‐xin , Shen Jun , Liu Sheng , Xue Yun‐lian , Lin Si‐peng , Wang Kun , Zheng Qiu‐jian , Ding Yue
Published: August 2019

Objective

To investigate the influence of preoperative osteopenia/osteoporosis on periprosthetic bone loss after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and the efficiency of zoledronate (ZOL) treatment in periprosthetic bone preservation.

Methods

This multicenter, prospective cohort study was conducted in four centers between April 2015 and October 2017. Patients were assigned to Normal BMD, Osteopenia, and Osteoporosis+ZOL groups. Patients with osteopenia received daily oral calcium (600 mg/d) and vitamin D (0.5 μg/d), while patients in the Osteoporosis+ZOL group received additional ZOL annually (5 mg/year). Periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) in seven Gruen zones, radiographic parameters, Harris hip score, EuroQol 5‐Dimensions (EQ‐5D) score, and BMD in hip and spine were measured within 7 days, 3 months, 12 months postoperation and annually thereafter.

Results

A total of 266 patients were enrolled, while 81 patients that completed the first year follow‐up were involved in the statistical analysis. The mean follow‐up time was 1.3 years. There were significant decreases of mean BMD in total Gruen zones (−4.55%, P < 0.05) and Gruen zone 1 (−10.22%, P < 0.01) in patients with osteopenia during the first postoperative year. Patients in the Osteoporosis+ZOL group experienced a marked increase in BMD in Gruen zone 1 (+16%) at the first postoperative year, which had a significant difference when compared with the Normal BMD group (P < 0.05) and the Osteopenia Group (P < 0.001). Low preoperative BMD in hip and spine was predictive of bone loss in Gruen zone 1 at 12 months after THA in patients with normal BMD (R2 = 0.40, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Patients with osteopenia are prone to higher bone loss in the proximal femur after cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). ZOL, not solely calcium and vitamin D, could prevent the accelerated periprosthetic bone loss after THA in patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Brain‐type natriuretic peptide level in pregnant women with congenital heart disease predicts SGA offspring
Authors: Ishida Shuji , Uchiyama Atsushi , Imai Ken , Kusuda Satoshi
Published: August 2019

Background

Women with congenital heart disease (CHD) commonly experience complications related to CHD during pregnancy. The clinical features of neonates born to mothers with CHD, however, have not been fully investigated. The frequency of small for gestational age (SGA) is high in infants born to mothers with CHD, but the risk factors have not been examined sufficiently. Therefore, we analyzed the maternal features associated with SGA infants.

Methods and Results

We enrolled pregnant women with repaired CHD and infants born to them at Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital between April 2007 and March 2015. Eleven SGA (11%) and 91 non‐SGA infants (89%) were included. On multivariate logistic regression, SGA infants were significantly more likely to be associated with a high maternal brain‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level (OR, 6.7; 95%CI: 1.3–34.5; P = 0.02) and maternal single ventricle disease (OR, 8.4; 95%CI:1.4–51.8; P = 0.02) than were non‐SGA infants.

Conclusions

The incidence of SGA infants born to mothers with CHD was not high in this study. High BNP and maternal single ventricle disease, however, are independent predictors of SGA in infants.
Dysfunctional cognitive control and reward processing in adolescents with Internet gaming disorder
Authors: Li Qi , Wang Yong , Yang Zhong , Dai Weine , Zheng Ya , Sun Yuwei , Liu Xun
Published: August 2019

Developmental theories posit that immature cognitive control and excessive reward‐seeking capacities may be a risk factor for addictive behaviors during adolescence, but the control and reward capacities have rarely been assessed experimentally in adolescents with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) simultaneously. This electrophysiological study examined inhibitory control and reward processing in adolescents with IGD during a go/no‐go task and a gambling task. Behaviorally, the adolescents with IGD exhibited lower inhibitory control, as measured by the accuracy of no‐go trials, and more risk seeking, as measured by the proportion of risky choices, than did the controls. Compared with the controls, the adolescents with IGD exhibited decreased no‐go P3 and blunted feedback‐related negativity (FRN) amplitudes following gains (gain FRN) but not losses. Thus, IGD in adolescents is potentially driven by dysfunction of the control system and the approach system rather than the avoidance system, supporting the neurobiological model of adolescent development.