bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of IL-6 in the Pleurisy and Lung Injury Caused by Carrageenan
Authors: Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Sautebin Lidia , De Sarro Giovambattista , Costantino Giuseppina , Rombolà Laura , Mazzon Emanuela , Ialenti Armando , De Sarro Angela , Ciliberto Gennaro , Di Rosa Massimo , Caputi Achille P. , Thiemermann Christoph
Published: December 2022

In the present study we used IL-6 knockout mice (IL-6KO) to evaluate the role of IL-6 in the inflammatory response caused by injection of carrageenan into the pleural space. Compared with carrageenan-treated IL-6 wild-type (IL-6WT) mice, carrageenan-treated IL-6KO mice exhibited a reduced degree of pleural exudation and polymorphonuclear cell migration. Lung myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation were significantly reduced in IL-6KO mice compared with those in IL-6WT mice treated with carrageenan. Immunohistochemical analysis for nitrotyrosine and poly(A)DP-ribose polymerase revealed a positive staining in lungs from carrageenan-treated IL-6WT mice. No positive staining for nitrotyrosine or PARS was found in the lungs of the carrageenan-treated IL-6KO mice. Staining of lung tissue sections obtained from carrageenan-treated IL-6WT mice with an anti-cyclo-oxygenase-2 Ab showed a diffuse staining of the inflamed tissue. Furthermore, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was found mainly in the macrophages of the inflamed lungs from carrageenan-treated IL-6WT mice. The intensity and degree of the staining for cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were markedly reduced in tissue sections obtained from carrageenan-treated IL-6KO mice. Most notably, the degree of lung injury caused by carrageenan was also reduced in IL-6KO mice. Treatment of IL-6WT mice with anti-IL-6 (5 μg/day/mouse at 24 and 1 h before carrageenan treatment) also significantly attenuated all the above indicators of lung inflammation. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that IL-6KO mice are more resistant to the acute inflammation of the lung caused by carrageenan injection into the pleural space than the corresponding WT mice.
Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Graves’ Disease in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Kaithamana Shashi , Fan Jilao , Osuga Yutaka , Liang Shan-Guang , Prabhakar Bellur S.
Published: December 2022

We immunized BALB/c mice with M12 cells (H-2d) expressing either mouse (mM12 cells) or human thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) (hM12 cells). Immunized mice developed autoantibodies to native TSHR by day 90 and, by day 180, showed considerable stimulatory Ab activity as measured by their ability to enhance cAMP production (ranging from 6.52 to 20.83 pmol/ml in different treatment groups relative to 1.83 pmol/ml for controls) by TSHR-expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells. These mice developed severe hyperthyroidism with significant elevations in both tetraiodothyronine and triiodothyronine hormones. Tetraiodothyronine levels in different experimental groups ranged from a mean of 8.66–12.4 μg/dl, relative to 4.8 μg/dl in controls. Similarly, mean triiodothyronine values ranged from 156.18 to 195.13 ng/dl, relative to 34.99 ng/dl for controls. Next, we immunized BALB/c mice with a soluble extracellular domain of human TSHR (TBP), or TBP expressed on human embryonic kidney cells (293 cells) (293-TBP cells). These mice showed severe hyperthyroidism in a manner very similar to that described above for mice immunized with the mouse TSHR or human TSHR, and exhibited significant weight loss, with average weight for treatment groups ranging from 20.6 to 21.67 g, while controls weighed 24.2 g. Early after onset of the disease, histopathological examination of thyroids showed enlargement of colloids and thinning of epithelial cells without inflammation. However, later during disease, focal necrosis and lymphocytic infiltration were apparent. Our results showed that conformationally intact ectodomain of TSHR is sufficient for disease induction. Availability of a reproducible model in which 100% of the animals develop disease should facilitate studies aimed at understanding the molecular pathogenesis of Graves’ disease.
The Antigenic Substances of the Tubercle Bacillus
Authors: Dienes L.
Published: December 2022

In the extracts of tubercle bacillus obtained with alcohol of different strength and with methyl-alcohol we found six different antigens, three of which are well characterized and well separated from the others. The characterization of three others is not definite. It needs further work to establish the nature of the differences between these antigens and as to whether they have different antigen specificity in the usual sense of this word.

From the watery extract, weak NaOH extract, and broth cultures we separated three protein fractions with different antigenic properties and different isoelectric points. These fractions probably contained different protein substances. Our observations indicate that in the protein substances more than these three antigens are present, and especially in certain watery extracts and in the filtrates of liquid media there is present a protein substance which is non-precipitable with acids, has strong tuberculin effect, and the antigenic properties of which are different from those of the other protein antigens.

The antibody production is strongest with intact bacteria and bacillary fragments. There is a distinct difference between the sera obtained with living and with killed bacillus emulsion. Toward the different antigens varying amounts of antibodies are present in these sera, sometimes the protein antibodies predominate, and lipoid antibodies are not formed—or only slightly formed—in other sera the opposite is the case. Toward two antigens antibodies are not produced. Both the watery and the alcoholic extracts produce antibodies, although in slighter amounts than the formed elements. In the sera produced with the lipoid substances a certain amount of protein antibodies is usually present, and the sera obtained with the 75 per cent alcoholic extract contain in abundance the two types of antibodies which are absent in the sera obtained with bacillus emulsion. With the progress of the purification the antigenic effect in vivo with the majority of the antigen preparations largely decreases or disappears. We observed also that in the purified preparation an antigenic effect in vivo appears which was not present in the original extract, and, especially certain protein fractions, produced precipitins in abundance toward the carbohydrate precipitable substance, while the extracts themselves were ineffective. The majority of antigens in conformity with the conception of Zinsser produced antibodies only when in connection with larger complexes in which certain protein substances have probably a preponderant rôle.

The use of tuberculous guinea pigs for the production of antisera was of great help both for the differentiation of the antigens and for the examination of the antigenic effect in vivo.
A Note on the Paper: “Studies in Isohemag-Glutination”
Authors: Wiener A. S. , Lederer Max , Polayes S. H.
Published: December 2022

In a recent paper by the writers (1), the statement was made that the priority of Landsteiner in the discovery of human isoagglutination has been questioned by Furuhata, who quotes Japanese and Chinese books of the thirteenth century that he claims deal with this subject. Unfortunately the wording was such that we seemed to indorse Furuhata's contention. In the meantime we have learned from information for which we are indebted to Dr. Philip Levine that Furuhata's contention, which by itself appears improbable, is entirely erroneous. The latter, who tried to trace the source of Furuhata's statement, wrote to him and requested him to substantiate it. In his answer to Levine, Furuhata referred to a book edited by H. Breitenstein: “Die Gerichtliche Medizin der Chinese,” by Wang-in-Hoai, Leipsig, 1908, Grieben's Verlag. The following is quoted as it appears in chapter 15 of that volume, which may be procured from the Army Medical Library, Washington, D.C.
The Preparation of Fibrinogen-Free Fowl Serum
Authors: Kyes Preston , Carey Earl S.
Published: December 2022

In a previous publication (1) we have shown that the shock which results from the intravenous injection of an anti-pneumococcus fowl serum into man, may be avoided by so preparing the serum that it is fibrinogen-free. We gave two methods by which such preparation may be accomplished. The preferable method involved the use of calcium chloride and cephalin in favoring complete conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin and we gave details as to the use of those reagents.

We have since further developed this method and it is the purpose of this paper to present the modified procedure.

In obtaining fowl's blood, 30 cc. are allowed to flow from the leg vein of each bird into a tube containing 2 cc. of 3 per cent sodium oxalate and 18 cc. of physiological salt solution.

The cells are removed by centrifugalization and the supernatant plasma pooled.
On Immune Isoagglutinins in Rabbits
Authors: Levine Philip , Landsteiner K.
Published: December 2022

By transfusion of rabbits with blood of other rabbits, several developed immune isoagglutinins active at 37°C. Some of the observations point to the existence of a number of individual differences in the blood of rabbits in accordance with previous findings with animal and human blood (16).
Skin Reactions Produced by Antihuman Serum
Authors: Redfern William W.
Published: December 2022

A pronounced twenty-four-hour local reaction follows injection of rabbit antihuman serum into human skin. This reaction is almost identical with that produced by a second injection of antigen into a previously sensitized local area. Microscopically, both are seen to be inflammatory in nature, showing edema and perivascular round cell infiltration. Fractionation of immune serum with ammonium sulphate shows that the skin reactive substances are closely associated with the globulins are are also the precipitins. Removal of the precipitins, however, fails to destroy the skin reacting properties. The albumin fraction of rabbit serum fails to incite an immediate urticarial reaction in human skin as does the globulin. Persons who show clinical manifestations of hypersensitiveness do not show stronger skin reactions than non-sensitive persons. Five patients from the series of 68 injected showed a local delayed reaction comparable to that of serum sickness.
The Specificity of the Tuberculin Type of Sensitiveness Produced with the Different Protein Substances of the Eggwhite
Authors: Dienes L.
Published: December 2022

According to the observations described in this paper the sensitiveness of the tuberculin type produced in guinea pigs with egg globulin, crystalline egg albumin, and ovomucoid is specific to the preparation with which the animals were treated. The specificity of this type of sensitiveness, like that of the anaphylactic sensitiveness, corresponds to the antigen specificity.
Influence of Age Upon Antibody Formation
Authors: Freund Jules
Published: December 2022

Immunity conditions in young animals have long been investigated very extensively. Most of these studies have been concerned with the transmission of antibodies from the mother to the offspring with the blood through the placenta and by the milk. Comparatively little work has been done on the subject of antibody-formation in young animals.

Yet it is obvious that antibody-formation in young animals is an important factor in their resistance to certain infectious diseases, in their behaviour in the phenomenon of hypersensitiveness, and in their capacity to be actively immunized with toxinantitoxin mixtures, anatoxin and vaccines.

A few experiments have been reported indicating that antibody-formation varies with age in vaccinated infants and children. According to Frankenstein (1) only 3 of 30 infants produced agglutinins after vaccination with typhoid vaccine. Halber, Hirszfeld and Mayzner (2) in their careful work demonstrated that after vaccination against typhoid the agglutinin titer of the serum is moderately but decidedly lower in infants than in children from two to five years of age.
Studies on Agglutinogens of Human Bloods
Authors: Nigg Clara
Published: December 2022

An extra agglutinin, demonstrated in several normal sera, is described. The extra agglutinin described was subsequently found to be identical with the extra-agglutinin 1 of Landsteiner and Levine. The hereditary transmission of the extra agglutinin was apparently established. The occurrence of an agglutinable factor in human bloods was demonstrated by means of suitably absorbed anti-human immune sera. The agglutinable factor demonstrated by such immune sera was subsequently shown to be identical with the N factor of Landsteiner and Levine.
On the Nature of the Thermoprecipitins
Authors: Nai Dino D.
Published: December 2022

Weil, Felix and Mitzenmacher in 1918 (1), Tossati in 1923 (2), and White in 1928 (3), each employing different serological methods, have been able to distinguish the B. aertrycke from the B. paratyphoid B groups of microörganisms. So also, Weil, Felix and Mitzenmacher in 1918 (4), Nai in 1925 (5), and Landsteiner and Furth in 1928 (6) found distinctions in the proteus bacilli between the HX19 and OX19 types.

The German investigators made the differentiation among types of bacteria by the method of agglutination by “small” and “large” flakes; the workers in Ascoli's laboratory, by thermoprecipitin, or ring reaction; and the American observers, by precipitation with bacterial, protein-free precipitinogens.

It is of interest to follow the development of these researches. In 1903, Joos (7) observed two agglutinogens in B. typhosus, both readily distinguishable one from the other by their different sensitivity to heat.
Studies in Isohemagglutination
Authors: Wiener Alexander S. , Lederer Max , Polayes S. H.
Published: December 2022

Summary and Conclusions

Formulae were derived for calculating the chances of proving non-paternity by means of characters whose heredity involves a single pair of allelomorphic genes, several independent pairs of allelomorphic genes, and multiple allelomorphic genes. These formulae may be applied not only to the inheritance of agglutinogens but also to the inheritance of any physiological trait whose heredity is defined sharply enough to allow of medicolegal application. All that is necessary is to determine the mechanism involved and then apply the proper formulae. The maximum chances of proving non-paternity was calculated in each case.

As far as the Landsteiner blood groups are concerned, there can be no question that the von Dungern and Hirszfeld theory is wrong and that the Bernstein theory is correct or very nearly so. Nevertheless, von Dungern and Hirszfeld will always be remembered as the first to point out that the agglutinogens A and B are inherited like mendelian dominants. The frequencies of the blood groups as found by the authors were: Ō = 36.36 per cent, Ā = 40.48 per cent, B̄ = 17.09 per cent and AĀB̄ = 6.07 per cent. With this distribution of the groups, according to the Bernstein theory, non-paternity can be proved in 18.05 per cent of the cases in which the putative father is not the true father. If one were to be conservative and did not consider as illegitimate cases in which the putative father belongs to group AB and the child to group O, or cases in which the putative father belongs to group O, and the child to group AB, the chances of proving non-paternity would be reduced to 14.75 per cent. The results obtained by means of our formulae were compared with the results that Hooker and Boyd obtained.

Formulae for the chances of proving non-paternity by means of the new agglutinogens M and N of Landsteiner and Levine were also derived. Landsteiner and Levine have discussed two theories of heredity for these agglutinogens. The theory of a single pair of allelomorphic genes fits the facts best at present. According to this theory, the average chances of proving non-paternity by means of M and N would be 18.75 per cent, when the frequencies of the groups are: (M+N-) = 26.81 per cent, (M+N+) = 45.65 per cent and (M-N+) = 27.54 per cent. Should it be confirmed that there are exceptions to this theory, some modification of the concept would be necessary. When one does not consider as illegitimacies (M+N -) children with (M-N+) fathers or (M-N+) children with (M+N-) fathers, the chances of proving non-paternity by means of M and N become 6.25 per cent.
The Colloidal Gold Test in Experimental Poliomyelitis
Authors: Jungeblut C. W. , Khorazo D.
Published: December 2022

Summary and Conclusions

Samples of spinal fluid taken from poliomyelitis monkeys on the day of the onset of symptoms, show with considerable regularity, i.e., in 75 per cent of the cases, a colloidal gold curve characterized by a well-marked elevation in the second third or middle of the series of dilutions. The curve thus seems to fall into the so-called luetic zone, although the reactions were, as a rule, not as pronounced as in syphilis. As the infectious process progresses, there appears a change in the curve which manifests itself either as a shift forward, or in most cases, as a complete flattening out to a curve which is practically indistinguishable from the reaction of the normal monkey spinal fluid. Any possible diagnostic value of the test in the monkey would thus be limited very largely to the earliest stages of the disease. Whether this subsequent change in the type of curve is related to a characteristic development of the pathologic condition in the central nervous system or whether it has any bearing on the possible presence or absence of the virus in the fluid, we are unable to state at present. Another interesting feature of this work seems to us to lie in the close similarity between our results and those recorded by other investigators for poliomyelitis in the human, thus indicating the far reaching analogy between the original human disease and the experimentally produced infection.
Studies on the “Toxins” of Hemolytic Streptococci
Authors: Ando K. , Ozaki K.
Published: December 2022

For the test of the toxicity of anatoxin strongly Dick-positive reactors of younger ages or white pigs must be preferred, as they react only slightly, or do not react at all to nucleoproteins contained in the anatoxin. There is no practical method for the determination of the immunizing value of anatoxins. It must, therefore, be determined by the practical effect of preventive immunization. Concentration of anatoxin by means of two volumes of absolute alcohol in a normal salt solution containing 0.5 per cent phenol is the most convenient for the use of anatoxin, since this method not only eliminates formalin, but also diminishes substances other than toxin or toxoid which may be considered as a causal agent for the discomforts caused by the inoculation, and also since the dose of injection may be reduced to a great extent. The use of an anatoxin of moderate toxicity is more suitable, because the decrease in antigenicity follows more or less that in toxicity and the discomforts caused by inoculation of anatoxin may depend no less upon the protein substances contained in the anatoxin than upon the retained toxicity of the essential toxin itself. To reduce the toxicity to 1/1000th of its original toxicity, the action of 2 per cent formalin at 37°C. for thirty days, 1 per cent formalin at 45°C. for thirty days, or 2 per cent formalin at 45°C. for ten days are sufficient. The reduction of toxicity to 1/200 or 1/300th of its original toxicity could be brought out either by the action of 1 per cent formalin at 37°C. for thirty days, or 1 per cent formalin at 45°C. for ten days, or 0.5 per cent formalin at 45°C. for thirty days. The immunizing value of an anatoxin detoxified to 1/1000th of its original toxicity is only slight, whereas about 80 per cent of the children (five to thirteen years) had been successfully immunized by three injections (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 cc.) of the anatoxins detoxified to 1/200th or 1/300th of their original toxicity. A 20-fold concentrated solution of an anatoxin prepared by dissolving precipitates caused by the addition of 2 volumes alcohol in normal saline solution containing 0.5 per cent phenol could be kept at least for three months without loss of its antigenic properties if kept in an ice box.
Effect of an Antibody against Complement on Resistance and Immunity
Authors: McKee Albert P. , Jeter Wayburn S.
Published: December 2022

An antibody prepared against mouse complement was used in mice to determine its effect on resistance and immunity. Resistance was reduced to infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, but not those caused by Salmonella typhimurium or species of the genus Pasteurella by the use of the anticomplement. The anticomplement did not influence the adaptation rate of a strain of A2 influenza virus to mice. Active and passive immunity to infections caused by Diplococcus pneumoniae were reduced by anticomplement. Neutralization of tetanus toxin by specific antitoxin was unaffected. Active immunity against the A2 influenza virus was not influenced by the antibody against complement.
Localization of Antinuclear Factors from Lupus Erythematosus Sera in Tissue Culture
Authors: Rapp Fred
Published: December 2022

Cells grown in culture have been used to detect antibodies in lupus erythematosus (LE) sera against nuclear components by means of the immunofluorescent antibody technique. This technique was shown to correlate well with both complement fixation and with the detection of LE cells. Localization of the reaction on the chromosomes indicates that some sera react primarily with the desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or DNA-associated molecules. This reaction occurs in cells in various stages of mitosis as well as in the interphase cell. Other sera were found to react with antigens near the nuclear membrane. Antinuclear antibodies do not appear to penetrate the viable HeLa cell and do not prevent growth and multiplication of living cells in culture. It is suggested that the combination of tissue culture and immunofluorescence is a precise and sensitive method for the detection of antinuclear antibodies.
Fluorescent Antibody Studies of Pathogenesis in Experimental Candida Albicans Infections of Mice
Authors: Kemp G. , Solotorovsky M.
Published: December 2022

Pathogenesis of C. albicans infections in mice has been studied, using fluorescent antibody methods. With these methods the morphologic change in the Candida cell and the fate of the Candida components could be followed in greater detail than was possible using conventional histologic methods. The i.v. infection employed produced a rapidly fatal disease which localized in kidney and heart tissue. The appearance of pseudomycelia in kidney tissue was characteristically seen 48 hr after infection. Progressive destruction of kidney tissue was observed beyond this point. Although the parasite was seen in spleen, lung and liver, its appearance was transitory. In the liver, Candida cells were seen during the first 48 hr of the infection; however, they were phagocytized by endothelial cells and were seen to disintegrate after that time.
THE EFFECT OF GREEN TEA POLYPHENOLS ON THE CHANGE IN THE MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION OF HIPPOCAMPAL CELLS IN A DEFICIENCY IN THE ACTIVITY OF MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX IV
Authors: Pozdnyakov Dmitriy I.
Published: December 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of green tea polyphenols on changes in the mitochondrial function in conditions of cerebrospecific blockade of mitochondrial complex IV activity. Materials and methods. Male Wistar rats were used in the work, in which the deficiency of mitochondrial complex IV activity was reproduced by direct injection of a 3M sodium azide solution into the hippocampal tissue. Green tea polyphenols and the reference drug ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate were administered at the dose of 100 mg/ kg, orally, for 30 days. Subsequently, changes in cognitive deficits in the Y-shaped maze test, the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome-c-oxidase in hippocampal tissue were evaluated in rats. Results and their discussion. It was found that in animals without pharmacological support, when sodium azide was administered, there was a decrease in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome-c-oxidase by 29.2% (p < 0.05) and 78.8% (p < 0.05) with a deterioration in the rats' cognitive abilities by 47.6% (p < 0.05). the use of the reference drug and green tea polyphenols increased the activity of succinate dehydrogenase by 30.5% (p < 0.05) and 24.1% (p < 0.05), as well as that of cytochrome c oxidase by 20.9% (p < 0.05) and 56.0% (p < 0.05), respectively. the cognitive deficit in animals which received ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate and green tea polyphenols was significantly lower than that in untreated animals. Conclusions. Against the background of sodium azide introduction into the hippocampal tissue of animals, the development of cognitive deficits with a decrease in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase is observed. a course administration of green tea polyphenols and a reference drug increased the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome-c-oxidase, which contributed to the restoration of cognitive abilities in animals.
COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ENTERPRISE'S FINANCIAL STABILITY
Authors: Brusov Alexander G.
Published: December 2022

One of the most important characteristics of a company's development is its financial stability, formed by complex impact of a large number of external and internal factors. At the same time, the assessment of financial stability in some cases is ambiguous and requires the use of a combined approach. The article evaluates the main financial indicators characterizing liquidity and financial stability of organizations, which are calculated according to the accounting (financial statements) for 2000-2021, published by the Federal State Statistics Service. Some of the indicators calculated on average for organizations of the Russian Federation, on the whole, positively characterize the level of financial stability (equity ratio) and liquidity (current liquidity ratio) and their good dynamics, but, as the data reviewed show, it is usually impossible to comprehensively assess the financial stability of an enterprise using one or even several particular indicators. It is necessary to use several indicators, both financial and those characterizing the efficiency of using resources by the enterprise (material, labor, fixed assets). It is likely that such indicators will include several external factors of financial stability formation that do not imply a quantitative assessment, for example, such as political, legal and socio-cultural indicators. The relevance of assessing the financial stability of an organization is due to the fact that the main methods of such assessment are mainly focused on using only quantitative data, which are considered, as a rule, in isolation from each other, which makes it impossible to unambiguously assess the dynamics of an organization's financial stability. Using the method of pair-wise comparisons, the author obtained the results that led to the following conclusions: the list of evaluation indicators should include not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively varying indicators, which requires the use of more universal methods of criteria convolution, for example, the method of pair-wise comparisons used in the method of hierarchy analysis.
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF NUMBER OF FRAGMENTED QRS LEADS IN PREDICTION OF CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE
Authors: Assadian Rad Mohammad , Moladoust Hassan , Pourrajabi Asemeh , Heidarnezhad Zohreh , Savarrakhsh Amir
Published: December 2022

Objectives: We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of fragmented QRS (fQRS) numbers in surface electrocardiogram (ECG) in heart failure (HF) patients for prediction of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) non-responders.
Methodology: In this study, patients with HF who were candidates for CRT implantation were enrolled. A 12-lead surface electrocardiogram was conducted with the aim of finding fQRS. Presence of more than 2 notching in the R or S wave in wide QRS complexes in at least two adjacent leads corresponding to a coronary bed, considered as fQRS. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography 3-6 months after the CRT implantation for the evaluation of Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume (LVEDV), Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume (LVESV), and Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF). The data were analyzed by SPSS v.22 software. P-value of less than 0.05 considered significant.
Results: We investigated on a total of 73 patients with HF that 64.38% of them responded to CRT. Most of responders were patients without fQRS complexes (80%). LVEF, LVESV, and LVEDV were different significantly before and after CRT implantation in patients with fQRS (p<0.001). Our results showed that the presence of at least one fQRS can lead to non-responsiveness to CRT. Therefore, we take cut-off point equal-greater than one into account as the best cut-off point for response to CRT. The area under the curve (AUC) for CRT prediction was 0.715 (95% CI: 0.598-0.815, P=0.003).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the presence of even one fQRS in the surface ECG can predict CRT non-responsiveness with good accuracy.
Rationalization of supramolecular interactions of a newly synthesized binuclear Cu(II) complex derived from 4,4′,6,6′-tetramethyl 2,2′-bipyrimidine ligand through Hirshfeld surface analysis
Authors: Pramanik Samit , Mukhopadhyay Subrata , Das Kinsuk
Published: December 2022

A new binuclear copper (II) complex [Cu2L2Cl4(H2O)2] (1) derived from 4,4',6,6'-tetramethyl-2,2'-bipyrimidine (L) has been synthesized and characterized by the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. Single crystal analysis of complex 1 reveals that it crystallizes in the space group P21/n under a monoclinic system (β = 97.995(2)°, a = 7.6483(2), b = 7.2158(3) and c = 17.8477(6) Å). The ligand acts as a bis-bidentate one and each copper (II) center bears a square pyramidal geometry exploiting N2Cl2O chromophore. In the solid state, the complex is stabilized through classical O-H···Cl intermolecular hydrogen bonding incorporating coordinated water (as a solvent) and chloride ions and lone pair···π interactions. The Hirshfeld surface analysis demonstrates H···H/H···H, H···Cl/Cl···H, H···C/C···H, and C···Cl/Cl···C intermolecular interactions as the major contributor interactions in the solid-state packing of the molecular crystal. Interaction energy calculations carried out employing the wavefunction generated via B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) highlight the dominance of electrostatic energy and the contribution of polarization and dispersion energy towards the total energy of complex 1 in the solid state.
The crystal magnification, characterization, X-ray single crystal structure, thermal behavior, and computational studies of the 2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium picrate
Authors: Arslan Nahide Burcu , Aydin Fatma
Published: December 2022

A crystal of organic salt, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium picrate (TMPPc), was synthesized and magnified by slow evaporation in a polar aprotic solvent and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopic methods. X-ray diffraction analysis of the crystal structure of the compound TMPPc showed the presence of a monoclinic space group with a = 4.0174(4) Å, b = 27.863(3) Å, c = 13.9247(17) Å, β = 95.741(4)°, V = 1550.9(3) Å3, Z = 4, T = 296 K, μ(MoKα) = 0.123 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.500 g/cm3, 62749 reflections measured (5.88° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 57.058°), 3911 unique (Rint = 0.0536, Rsigma = 0.0226) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0569 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.1710 (all data). Detailed investigation of molecular packing of the TMPPc molecule indicated the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bond between N4-H44···O1 and C13-H13B···O4 that generates C22(14) chain running parallel to the [001] direction. The infrared and Raman spectra of the prepared TMPPc compound were recorded and discussed. The thermal stability of the obtained TMPPc crystal was analysed by TGA/DTG technique and revealed that the crystal was stable up to 162 °C. Density functional theory calculations such as the value of the HOMO and LUMO energy gap, the parameters of the molecular electrostatic potential, the global reactivity and thermodynamic properties of the compound TMPPc were also performed using the DFT/B3LYP method with the level of the 6-311G (d, p) basis set.
COVID-19 SALGINININ KATILIM BANKACILIĞI SEKTÖRÜNÜN PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİNİN MEREC-PSI-MAIRCA MODELİYLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: IŞIK Özcan
Published: December 2022

Son yıllarda Türkiye’nin yanı sıra birçok ülkede yaygınlaşmaya başlayan katılım bankacılığı modelinin bankacılık sektörü içindeki payı hızla artmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada çeşitli Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemleriyle Türk katılım bankacılığı sektörünün COVID-19 pandemi öncesindeki ve sırasındaki performansı karşılaştırılarak sektörün pandemi salgınından etkilenip etkilenmediği araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamada çalışmada katılım bankacılığı sektörünün performans değerlendirmesi için MEREC, PSI ve MAIRCA yaklaşımlarından oluşan bütünleşik bir karar modeli önerilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları katılım bankacılığı sektörünün pandemi krizine karşı dayanıklı olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları yöneticiler, yatırımcılar, düzenleyici ve denetleyici mekanizmalar ve diğer paydaşlar açısından önemli çıkarımlar sunmaktadır.
Berkembangnya Pemanfaatan E-Learning pada Proses Pembelajaran Fisika di MAN 1 Garut Selama Masa Pandemi
Authors: Alfiansyah Andini Febya , Septianti Rani Putri , Qolbi Wilda Nurul , Irvani Asep Irvan
Published: December 2022

E-learning adalah inovasi yang bisa digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran yang bisa meningkatkan berbagai kemampuan peserta didik. Materi pembelajaran dapat dibuat secara virtual dalam berbagai macam format. Dampak positifnya adalah materi menjadi lebih bermakna bagi siswa, khususnya untuk pembelajaran fisika yang membutuhkan visualisasi materi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan pemanfaatan e-learning pada pembelajaran fisika selama masa pandemi. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun teknik yang digunakan adalah wawancara kepada guru Fisika di Madrasah Aliah Negeri (MAN) 1 Garut. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara tersebut didapatkan hasil bahwa MAN 1 Garut telah menggunakan e-learning berupa Learning Management System (LMS) sejak pembelajaran dilaksanakan secara daring yaitu sejak tahun 2020. LMS menjadi alternatif yang sangat membantu dalam proses pembelajaran. Guru dapat memantau aktivitas perkembangan peserta didik dan juga sebagai indikator penilaian peserta didik. Selain itu LMS memudahkan peserta didik dalam mengakses materi dan mengikuti pembelajaran daring.
Kimyasal Bağlar Konusunda Başarı Testi Geliştirme Çalışması
Authors: Boz Cihan , Bostan Sarıoğlan Ayberk , Özcan Hasan
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı “Kimyasal Bağlar” konusunda geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılmış çoktan seçmeli bir başarı testi geliştirmektir. Alanyazın incelemesinden sonra konu ve kazanımların belirlendiği çalışmada, 22 maddelik bir soru havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Soru havuzu oluştururken Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından merkezi olarak uygulanan sınav sorularından ve yayımlanmış Kazanım Kavrama Testlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Oluşturulan testin ilk hali için uzman görüşlerine başvurulmuş ve maddelerin kapsam ve görünüş geçerliği bakımından uygun olduğuna karar verilmiştir. 22 öğrenci ile pilot çalışma yürütülmüştür. Asıl uygulamada uygun örnekleme yöntemiyle 80 öğrenci, örneklem olarak belirlenmiştir. Uygulama sonrasında betimsel analiz, normallik testi, madde güçlük analizi, madde ayırt edicilik analizi, ortalama madde güçlük ve ortalama madde ayırt edicilik değerleri ve KR-20 iç tutarlık katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Madde güçlük ve ayırt edicilik bakımından uygun olmayan iki madde testten atılmıştır. Ortalama güçlük değeri 0,65, ortalama ayırt edicilik değeri 0,67, KR-20 iç tutarlık katsayısı 0,85 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Testin ortalama değeri incelendiğinde maddelerin kolay ancak oldukça ayırt edici olduğu görülmektedir. KR-20 değerinin 0,70 üzerinde olması testten elde edilen puanların güvenirlik düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma sonucunda, 20 çoktan seçmeli sorudan oluşan geçerli ve güvenilir bir test elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen başarı testi kimyasal bağlar konusunda öğrencilerin bilişsel yapılarını belirlemede öğretmenler ve araştırmacılar tarafından kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Effect of Diluent Amount on Properties of Porous NiAl
Authors: SARIYER Gülizar , ÇAMURLU Hasan Erdem
Published: December 2022

Porous NiAl parts were formed by using Ni and Al elemental powders, preformed NiAl as diluent and NaCl particles as space holder (SH). The aim of utilizing preformed NiAl (30%-40%) as a diluent was to preserve the shape of the products. The amounts of the SH NaCl particles in NiAl were 25-50-75 vol.% and their sizes were in 300-500 µm range. Porous NiAl samples were prepared by volume combustion synthesis (VCS). The adiabatic temperatures of the Ni+Al mixtures having 30 and 40% diluent NiAl were calculated as 1638.9 and 1460.8°C, respectively. Formation of NiAl phase was verified by XRD analyses. In the green pellets, the total porosity amount was higher than the added NaCl amount. Also it was slightly higher in the product pellets than in the green pellets before VCS. Compressive strength and microhardness values of the samples which contained 30% diluent NiAl were higher than the samples which contained 40% diluent. Average compressive strength values of the products that were obtained by 25% NaCl and 30 and 40% diluent NiAl additions were 112.0±29.5 and 66.0±20.5 MPa, respectively.
Engineering Properties of Lightweight Mortars Containing Wood Waste Particles
Authors: KOÇKAL Niyazi Uğur , ÇAMURLU Erdem
Published: December 2022

Utilization of wood waste particles (WWP) is important for environmental and economic concern. This study focuses on the behavior of mortars having WWP with various amounts. Incorporation of WWP brings about the advantages such as decrease in the mass and cost of the mortar. In the present study, the proportions of the wood waste particles replacing the crushed sand in the mortars by volume were 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 %. Physical, mechanical and capillary absorption properties have been investigated. In addition, microstructure of the mortars has been examined with optical microscope. As compared to control specimen, dry bulk density decreased from 2.2 to 1.5 kg/m3, apparent porosity increased about 2 folds, and water absorption increased about 4 folds, for sample in which 40 % of crushed sand was replaced with WWP. Mechanical values reduced with increasing WWP amount. On the other hand, during compressive and flexural strength tests, samples containing WWP presented a gradual decrease in strength, thus they exhibited a more ductile behavior.
Batı Merkezli Görme Biçimlerinin Tarihte Değişimi ve Mekân Algısına Etkileri
Authors: CAN Eren
Published: December 2022

Görme biçimleri, tarihten günümüze toplum, din, kültür ve teknoloji gibi faktörlerle değişim geçirmiştir. Bu değişimlerin dinamiklerini ve mekân algısına etkilerini anlayabilmek için dönemin sanatı ve düşünce tarihindeki yerinin irdelenmesi önemlidir. Çalışmada, görme biçimlerinin mekân algısındaki etkileri, örneklerin el verdiği ölçüde karşılaştırmalı tarihsel araştırma yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Bu analiz için ele alınan her dönemden görsel mekân betimleri ve mimari temsil örnekleri seçilmiştir. Bu örnekler, dönemin görme rejimine dair söz söylemiş düşünürlerin bakışlarıyla yorumlanmıştır. Bir mekânın temsilinin, dönemin görme biçimi hakkında bilgi sunarken mekânın nasıl algılandığının bilgisini de içerdiği varsayılmıştır. Bu ön kabul ışığında, görme biçimlerindeki gözlemci-mekân ilişki değişiminin takibiyle söz konusu dönemlerin mekân algılarındaki öznel, nesnel ve imgesel boyutlar ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Duyuların evrimsel hiyerarşisi itibarıyla gözün önemi hiç kaybolmamışsa da tarihte farklılaşan görme rejimlerinin ve mekân algılarının kendinden önceki hâkim düşünceyi bastırarak oluştuğu görülmüştür. Tarihsel sürecin önemli bir kısmını oluşturan göz-merkezci edimler günümüzde ise mekân-beden etkileşimini azaltarak mekânın metalaşmasıyla sonuçlanabilmektedir.
Identidad visual inclusiva. Taller de sensibilización en igualdad de género y diversidad sexual en contextos educativos
Authors: Martínez Juan Francisco , Mengual Imma , Santamaría Lourdes , Zanón María José
Published: December 2022

En la presente investigación nos centramos, desde un punto de vista artístico, en el diseño como hecho actitudinal, como método de comunicación visual con el que seguir visibilizando cuestiones y preocupaciones de género, sexualidad e inclusividad a través del ámbito educativo, para construir así una sociedad mejor social, cultural y laboralmente. Es este, un proyecto artístico e investigador basado en la creación de un logotipo inclusivo como anexo, elemento adicional en la realización de una acción performativa artística, inclusiva y pedagógica, que surge ante el compromiso que manifestamos como investigadores, como individuos de una sociedad en la que se aprecia un aumento del acoso que, en todos los ámbitos, incluso en el educativo, sienten las personas LGTBIQ+, las personas con capacidades diferentes o las desigualdades y el machismo que afectan a las mujeres y a estos colectivos en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad.
A protein‐lipid complex that detoxifies free fatty acids
Authors: Cui Shaojie , Ye Jin
Published: December 2022

Fatty acids (FAs) are well known to serve as substrates for reactions that provide cells with membranes and energy. In contrast to these metabolic reactions, the physiological importance of FAs themselves known as free FAs (FFAs) in cells remains obscure. Since accumulation of FFAs in cells is toxic, cells must develop mechanisms to detoxify FFAs. One such mechanism is to sequester free polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) into a droplet‐like structure assembled by Fas‐Associated Factor 1 (FAF1), a cytosolic protein. This sequestration limits access of PUFAs to Fe2+, thereby preventing Fe2+‐catalyzed PUFA peroxidation. Consequently, assembly of the FAF1‐FFA complex is critical to protect cells from ferroptosis, a cell death pathway triggered by PUFA peroxidation. The observations that free PUFAs in cytosol are not randomly diffused but rather sequestered into a membraneless complex should open new directions to explore signaling pathways by which FFAs regulate cellular physiology.
Effect moderators in Internet‐based exposure therapy for fibromyalgia: The role of pain intensity
Authors: Hedman‐Lagerlöf Maria , Andersson Erik , Ljótsson Brjánn , Engelbrektsson Johanna , Lundbäck Karolina , Björkander Daniel , Hedman‐Lagerlöf Erik , Flink Ida , Axelsson Erland
Published: December 2022

Background

A recent randomized controlled trial (N = 140) was indicative of large and sustained average improvements of Internet‐based exposure for fibromyalgia, as compared to a waitlist. However, little is known about who benefits the most from this treatment.

Objectives

To test for potential moderating effects of age, educational attainment, the duration of fibromyalgia, baseline overall fibromyalgia severity, pain intensity, fibromyalgia‐related avoidance behaviour and symptom preoccupation on the waitlist‐controlled effect of 10 weeks of Internet‐based exposure for fibromyalgia.

Methods

Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02638636). We used linear mixed effects models to determine whether the waitlist‐controlled effect of exposure therapy on overall fibromyalgia severity (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire) differed as a function of the potential moderators.

Results

Only pain intensity (0–10) was found to be a significant moderator, where a higher baseline pain intensity predicted a more limited waitlist‐controlled effect of Internet‐based exposure (B = 3.48, 95% CI: 0.84–6.13). Standardized point estimates of effects were small for the sociodemographic variables, and in the moderate range for some clinical variables that did not reach statistical significance such as behavioural avoidance and time with the fibromyalgia diagnosis.

Conclusions

Results suggest that Internet‐based exposure treatment was more useful for participants with lower baseline levels of pain, and less so for participants with higher baseline levels of pain. The treatment had relatively similar effects across the other tested moderators.

Significance

This study evaluated potential effect moderators in exposure‐based treatment for fibromyalgia. Results indicated that a higher level of pain intensity at baseline was predictive of a less favourable outcome. It may be extra important to monitor progression for these patients and to provide additional therapeutic support when needed.
Review of Potential‐Induced Degradation in Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Molto Cécile , Oh Jaewon , Mahmood Farrukh Ibne , Li Mengjie , Hacke Peter , Li Fang , Smith Ryan , Colvin Dylan , Matam Manjunath , DiRubio Christopher , Tamizhmani Govindasamy , Seigneur Hubert
Published: December 2022

Bifacial modules are increasingly deployed in the field and are expected to represent half of the market share within 10 years. Their rear structure differs from monofacial modules to allow additional light absorption. However, it brings new reliability challenges to address. In particular, the risk of potential‐induced degradation (PID) is increased as both module sides are impacted. Different PID processes have been identified in the literature: shunting type (PID‐s), polarization type (PID‐p), Na penetration type, and corrosion type (PID‐c). Their occurrence depends on the photovoltaic system configuration as well as the module's materials. Apart from PID‐s, PID processes are not well understood and extensive research is needed to elucidate the PID scenario and underlying mechanisms. Herein, current knowledge about PID processes and their impact on the main bifacial modules in the market are gathered with the aim to guide future research. Bifacial module technologies and leakage current paths leading to PID are described. Indoor and outdoor PID testing methods are detailed. For each bifacial module technology, the PID processes are investigated with their indicators, mechanism and recovery process. PID‐impacting factors and limitation solutions are finally reported and a state of the art on PID modeling is presented.
(Electro)Chemical Processes of Poly(Ethylene Oxide)‐Based Electrolyte on Cu Surface during Lithium Secondary Battery Operation
Authors: Yamada Koki , Tsutsumi Hiromori , Katayama Yu
Published: December 2022

Understanding the surface electrochemistry of polymer electrolytes under battery operating conditions is of great importance for tuning the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in lithium batteries with polymer electrolytes. Herein, the surface (electro)chemical process of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (LiTFSA) (PEO10LiTFSA) electrolyte on the Cu electrode is studied by operando attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR) and ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques coupled with the interfacial resistance obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Linear sweep voltammogram of the Cu electrode in PEO10LiTFSA electrolyte suggests the SEI‐like layer formation involves three reduction steps. Operando ATR‐IR, ex situ XPS, and EIS reveal the corresponding (electro)chemical processes and their effect on the interfacial resistance; LiTFSA and residual H2O and CO2 are first reduced, forming an inorganic SEI‐like layer without affecting the interfacial resistance. Subsequently, the PEO matrix reduces into several decomposed products, including CC components, responsible for the most resistive SEI‐like layer. Finally, PEO‐decomposed species with CC components further reduce into alkyl‐related species, leading significant reduction of the resistance of the SEI‐like layer. The study successfully reveals the complex surface (electro)chemical process at the PEO electrolyte–Cu electrode interface, and may serve as a model system for understanding SEI component and interfacial resistance relationship in the polymer electrolyte system.