bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Change and Violence Against Women: Study of A Flood-Affected Population in The Rural Area of Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Memon Falak Shad
Published: July 2020

Climate-induced gender-based violence is an emerging area of study. Although studies on women and climate change are not new, a fresh understanding of gender-based issues and related problems are becoming of greater concern now. Women in Pakistan are generally at a disadvantage due to their societally- perceived norms, roles and responsibilities. This study aims to examine the experiences of women in flood settlement camps and to identify an association between natural disasters and violence against women. For this study, with the help of qualitative research methodology, 20 women were interviewed in the flood-prone areas of Sindh. Findings show that most women experience different types of violence, physical as well as emotional, committed by partners and even by complete strangers. The rate of such violence rises when women are displaced and are in temporary shelter facilities during a post-disaster period. Committing violence under such situations results in critical implications for both women victims and the development and implementation of gender-sensitive climate change and disaster planning policies.
Isolation, Characterization and Antimicrobial Screening of Betulinic Acid from the Stem Extract of Fadogia erythrophloea
Authors: Joshua J. M. , Oyewale A. O. , Ibrahim H.
Published: July 2020

The stem bark of Fadogia erythrophloea (Rubiaceae) was extracted exhaustively using methanol by cold maceration. The crude extract was then sequentially partitioned into n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. Purification of the chloroform fraction by column and preparative thin layer chromatography lead to the isolation of the pure compound. Structural elucidation using FTIR, 1H and C NMR spectroscopic techniques confirmed that the isolated compound was betulinic acid (a lupane-type triterpene). The antimicrobial property of the compound against gram-positive and gram-negative microbes was evaluated using well diffusion method with commercial antibiotics; ciprofloxacin and fluconazole, as controls. The antimicrobial screening revealed sensitivity of S. aureus, S. faecalis, B. cereus, E. coli, K. pneumonia, S. typhi, S. dysenteriae, C. albicans, C. Krusei; with resistance of S. pyogenes, B. subtilis, C. ulceran, P. aeruginosa to the isolated compound. The zone of inhibition ranges from 25 – 30 mm with the highest against Escherichia coli and the lowest against Klebsiella pneumonia on which both control drugs were not sensitive. The MIC and MBC / MFC values ranges from 6.25 – 25 µg/ml and 25 – 50 µg/ml respectively. The in vitro anti-microbial screening of the isolated compound (betulinic acid) supports the ethno medicinal claim on the uses of Fadogia erythrophloea for the treatment of malaria, childhood fever, dysentery diarrhea, colic and constipation.
Biocontrol of Food Spoilage Microorganisms using Leaf extracts from Magnifera indica (Mango) and Psidium guajava (Guava).
Authors: Oseghale F.O. , Fasina K.A. , Ohifueme A. , Omoruyi J.
Published: July 2020

The shelf life of processed food is greatly reduced by spoilage microorganisms, which has resulted in great losses to food processors, wholesalers, retailers and even consumers. This study was aimed at controlling food spoilage microorganisms using leaf extracts from mango and guava. Fried meat (beef, chicken, grass-cutter, and goat meat), fried fish and fresh bread were purchased from Benin City, and left to spoil, after which spoilage organisms were isolated, identified and characterized using standard microbiological techniques. Mango and guava leaf extracts (ethanolic and aqueous), with Potassium sorbate and sodium nitrite was used. Significant highest (<0.05) (15.67±0.88 mg/ml) antibacterial activity of Mango leaf extract was recorded against Escherichia coli, and significant highest (<0.05) antifungal activity (19.67±0.33) was recorded against Penicillium oxalicum. Ethanolic leaf extracts of mango had better MICs (6.25 mg/ml) against E. coli tested than guava (25 mg/ml). In addition, ethanolic leaf extracts from Mango did not have any effect on Bacillus polymyxa. This study suggests that extracts from Mango and Guava leaves can be explored for controlling spoilage organisms; however, ethanolic extracts are more potent than aqueous extracts.
Robotic Control by Teleoperation and Delay Time Issues Using the Internet
Authors: Anuntachai Machim  , Murray John Lawn  , Ikuo Yamamoto
Published: July 2020

Internet usage has become an essential part of our daily lives, it has become universal. The aim of this research is to consider existing Internet-based networks with regard to their support for the remote operation of robotic technology, in particular, looking at transmission speed and delay time as it relates to teleoperation. Currently dedicated connections are typically used when a high Quality of Service (QoS) is required for mission critical services or safety-critical systems (SCS), however such connections are very expensive to set up and maintain. Therefore, this study focuses on modifying existing internet networks in a manner to provide a better QoS with little additional cost. Using a number of microcontrollers, computers, and routers, two different protocols were used to control a robotic device remotely. Use of the Point-to-Point Tunnelling Protocol (PPTP) used for implementing a Virtual Private Network (VPN) was found to provide higher average transmission speeds compared to the using a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) which is a regular internet connection.
Estimation of the PCB Production Process Using a Neural Network
Authors: Hsia Kuo-Hsien , Guo Jr-Hung
Published: July 2020

Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) are an integral part of all electronic products, and the production process for printed circuit boards is quite complex. As the life cycle of electronic products becomes shorter and shorter, and the precision and signal bandwidth of electronic products become higher and higher, the manufacturing process of printed circuit boards is further complicated. Therefore, how to pre-evaluate the production difficulty before starting the production will effectively increase the efficiency and quality of printed circuit board production.

Gerber file is the most commonly used data format for the printed circuit board industry. This file contains most of the parameters required for the manufacture of printed circuit boards. Therefore, this study uses a neural network to evaluate new PCB products before they are produced through the production parameters that are more influential in the PCB manufacturing process. This makes it possible to evaluate the difficulty and the required production process before the new PCB product is produced. This will be very beneficial for the PCB production schedule, quality control, and cost.
Stretchable, Patch-Type, Wireless, 6-axis Inertial Measurement Unit for Mobile Health Monitoring
Authors: Lee Jae Keun , Kim Kangil , Lee Sangmin
Published: July 2020

Wearable devices which measure and transfer signals from the human body can provide useful biometric data for various biomedical applications. In this paper, we present an implementation of the advanced Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) with wireless communication technology for mobile health monitoring. The device consists of rigid silicon-based components on a flexible/stretchable substrate for applications in epidermal electronic devices to collect precise data from the human body. Using the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) System-on-a-chip (SoC), the device can be miniaturized and portable, and the collected data can be processed with low power consumption. The dimensions of the implemented system are approximately 40 mm × 40 mm × 100 mm. Also, the device can be attached closely to human skin, which results in minimized signal distortion due to body movements or skin deformations. In order to achieve device flexibility and stretch ability, the interconnection wires are designed as serpentine-shaped structures on a stretchable substrate. The previously reported “cut-and-paste” method is utilized to fabricate the device that produces complex, twisty interconnections with thin metal sheets. The implemented patch-type, wireless, 6-axis IMU is expected to have potential in various applications, such as health monitoring, dependency care, and daily lifelogging.
A Learning-Based EM Clustering for Circular Data with Unknown Number of Clusters
Authors: Chang-Chien Shou-Jen , Ali Wajid , Yang Miin-Shen
Published: July 2020

Clustering is a method for analyzing grouped data. Circular data were well used in various applications, such as wind directions, departure directions of migrating birds or animals, etc. The expectation & maximization (EM) algorithm on mixtures of von Mises distributions is popularly used for clustering circular data. In general, the EM algorithm is sensitive to initials and not robust to outliers in which it is also necessary to give a number of clusters a priori. In this paper, we consider a learning-based schema for EM, and then propose a learning-based EM algorithm on mixtures of von Mises distributions for clustering grouped circular data. The proposed clustering method is without any initial and robust to outliers with automatically finding the number of clusters. Some numerical and real data sets are used to compare the proposed algorithm with existing methods. Experimental results and comparisons actually demonstrate these good aspects of effectiveness and superiority of the proposed learning-based EM algorithm.
Sexos, sexualidades e gêneros: uma contribuição das teorizações feministas para a discussão dos limites das explicações e categorizações biológicas
Authors: Carvalho Fabiana Aparecida de
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste ensaio é discutir a centralidade dos gêneros e as contribuições ou limitações do campo semântico/científico da biologia e da cultura para definir categorias como gênero, sexualidades e sexo. Para tanto, ancora-se em teorizações advindas das epistemologias feministas e pós-críticas para apresentar/deslocar alguns enunciados sobre sexos e gêneros e pensá-los em sua ordem discursiva, ou seja, em como suas definições ou linguagem específica abrangem ou aprisionam outros significados e circunstanciam, muitas vezes, uma biologia normativa e determinística. Tal problematização também apresenta críticas sobre o entendimento binário dos sexos/gêneros, enfatizando modelos diferenciados lidos por biólogas feministas que criticam os entendimentos que se valem da biologia para construir sentidos sobre nossos corpos.
Hubungan Lactate Clearance 2 Jam dan 4 Jam dengan Keberhasilan Manajemen Nonoperatif pada Pasien Trauma Tumpul Abdomen dengan Riwayat Syok Perdarahan
Authors: Octoria Nova , Rudiman Reno , Purnama Andriana
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Perdarahan terselubung pada pasien trauma tumpul menjadi penyebab kedua tertinggi kematian. Tidak terdeteksinya cedera abdomen menjadi penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas lambat pada pasien yang dapat bertahan pada fase-fase awal trauma. Manajemen nonoperatif (NOM) pada trauma organ solid adalah aman dan efektif, dan strategi ini telah menjadi praktek yang digunakan secara luas. Lactate clearance memiliki manfaat klinis yang penting pada pasien dengan trauma akut, yang superior terhadap pemeriksaan inisial laktat.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan pemeriksaan nilai lactate clearance pada jam-jam pertama setelah resusitasi terhadap keberhasilan penanganan manajemen nonoperatif.

Metode: Bentuk penelitian ini adalah cohort prospektif observasional dengan analisis hubungan lactate clearance 2 jam dan 4 jam dengan keberhasilan NOM pada pasien trauma tumpul abdomen dengan riwayat syok perdarahan di RS. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2015 sampai Juli 2016..

Hasil: Terdapat 34 subjek pada studi ini. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara lactate clearance 2 jam (LCD2) dan lactate clearance 4 jam (LC4) dengan kesuksesan NOM (p <0.001). Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara LC2 dan LC4 dalam menentukan kesuksesan NOM (p>0,05).

Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan yang sangat signifikan antara lactate clearance 2 jam  (LC2)  maupun lactate clearance 4 jam (LC4) dalam menentukan keberhasilan manajemen non operatif (NOM) pada pasien dengan syok perdarahan yang disebabkan oleh trauma tumpul abdomen.
Hubungan antara Nilai Fibrinogen Inisial dengan Kejadian Koagulopati dan Mortalitas pada Pasien Trauma Multipel di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung
Authors: Sulistyanti Raden Lyana , Rudiman Reno , Usman Nurhayat
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Dari data suatu penelitian dikatakan 1 dari 7 kematian disebabkan oleh trauma dan 30% dari trauma tersebut datang dalam kondisi koagulopati. Koagulopati pada trauma disebut sebagai Trauma Induced Coagulopathy (TIC). Pada TIC, nilai fibrinogen yang rendah sering ditemui dan nilai fibrinogen plasma mencapai nilai terendah lebih awal dibandingkan parameter factor koagulasi lainnya. Nilai fibrinogen inisial berhubungan kuat dengan nilai Injury Severity Score  (ISS) dan menjadi nilai prediktor independen untuk mortalitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan antara fibrinogen inisial dengan kejadian koagulopati dan mortalitas.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi prospektif. Seluruh pemeriksaan didapatkan dari 25 pasien trauma multipel. Kadar fibrinogen inisial diambil dari pemeriksaan laboratorium darah bersamaan dengan pemeriksaan rutin lainnya ketika pasien datang ke Instalasi Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin (IGD RSHS). Koagulopati ditentukan berdasarkan nilai laboratorium Prothrombin Time (PT) atau Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) yang abnormal. Trauma multipel ditentukan dengan nilai ISS ? 15 dan dihitung berdasarkan diagnosis pasti setelah tegak berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis dan penunjang sesuai dengan prosedur tetap di IGD RSHS. Analisis menggunakan SPSS 19.0 dengan metoea analisis chi square untuk melihat kemaknaan hubungan.

Hasil: Dari 25 pasien trauma multipel didapatkan mayoritas 80% adalah pasien laki – laki dengan mekanisme kejadian terbanyak adalah trauma kepala sebanyak 16 orang (64%). Terdapat  8 pasien (32%) terjadi koagulopati dan mortalitas terjadi pada  7 pasien (28%). Dari metode analisis chi square didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara fibrinogen dengan kejadian koagulopati (p=0,043) sedangkan hubungan antara fibrinogen inisial dengan terjadinya mortalitas didapatkan tidak bermakna (p=0.341).

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara fibrinogen inisial dengan kejadian koagulopati tetapi tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara fibrinogen inisial dengan terjadinya mortalitas pada pasien dengan trauma multipel di RSHS.
Blood flow Rate Intraoperatif Sebagai Prediktor Maturitas Arteriovenous Fistula Brakiosefalika Pada Penderita Nefropati Diabetik
Authors: Harisandi Sandra , Pratama Dedy
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lanjutan untuk melakukan pengkajian nilai batasan blood flow rate (BFR) intraoperatif menggunakan ultrasonografi Doppler dalam memprediksi maturitas fistula brakiosefalika dengan sampel yang lebih besar dan lebih spesifik untuk mendapatkan nilai dengan tingkat error dan bias lebih rendah, sehingga dapat dijadikan referensi di divisi Bedah Vaskular RSCM. 

Metode: Dilakukan studi potong lintang analitik di Divisi Vaskular Departemen Ilmu Bedah FKUI-RSCM, Jakarta yang melibatkan semua penderita gagal ginjal stadium 4-5 akibat nefropati diabetik yang akan dihemodialisis dengan akses vaskular fistula brakiosefalika.  

Hasil: Terdapat 71 subjek dengan rerata BFR 249,15 + 86,86 mL/menit, rerata diameter arteri 3,3 mm (2,0–7,4 mm) dan  rerata diameter vena 3 mm (2,1–5,6 mm). Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa hanya BFR yang berhubungan bermakna dengan maturitas AVF (p<0,001). Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas tertinggi BFR intraoperatif di 211,3 mL/menit. Nilai ini yang selanjutnya ditentukan sebagai cut-off value untuk batasan prediksi maturitas (95,45%, 92,59%) dengan positive predictive value sebesar 95,5% dan negative predictive value sebesar 92,6%. 

Simpulan: BFR intraoperatif menggunakan ultrasonografi Doppler sesaat setelah kreasi AVF brakiosefalika memprediksi maturasi jangka pendek dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas >80%.
Pengaruh Pemberian Kanamisin Oral Sebelum Operasi pada Persiapan Kolon Mekanik Terhadap Konsentrasi Bakteri Kolon dan Rektum
Authors: Herizal Hendra , Usman Nurhayat , Purnama Andriana
Published: July 2020

Background. For decades, ??colorectal surgical procedures have been associated with high postoperative infections complication. This is expected because of the large number of bacteria in the colon and rectum content. The aim of this study was to investigate wether preoperative oral kanamycin can reduce colonic bacterial concentration, furthermore reduce postoperative infection complication in colorectal malignancy patients who will be performed elective surgical tumor removal.

Method. This was an experimental, pre-post test with control group desiagn study, ie groups of patient that prepared with mechanical bowel preparation and administration of oral Kanamycin 3 x 2000 mg a day before the operation day and  group of patient that prepared with mechanical bowel preparation only. This study was comparing the concentration of bacteria in the colon and postoperative infection incidence between the two groups.

Result. Thirty two patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups, the treatment group and the control group. Obtained equitable distribution of age, sex, tumor location and type of surgery. There was significant bacterial concentration reduction difference between two groups (p = 0.01). There was significant surgical site infection (SSI) incidence difference between two groups, 5 patients (31,3 %) developed an SSI in treatment group and 11 patients (68,8 %) in control group (p=0,03), with OR 0,21 (  CI 95%; 0,046-0,92).

Conclusion. Preoperative oral kanamycin could reduce colonic bacteria concentration and SSI incidence in patients with colorectal malignancy who would be performed elective surgical tumor removal. Thus, these methods can be considered its use as a colorectal surgery preparation procedures.
Keberhasilan Venoplasti untuk Mengatasi Stenosis Akibat Pemasangan CDL pada Vena Sentral di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo
Authors: Megatia Ika , Darwis Patrianef
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Dalam lima tahun terakhir, pengunaan kateter pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) di RSCM kerap diikuti stenosis vena sentral (SVS, 60-70%). Sejak 2013 SVS ditangani melalui prosedur venoplasti, namun belum ada evaluasi keberhasilan. Penelitian ini ditujukan melakukan evaluasi keberhasilan venoplasti dan faktor risiko terjadinya stenosis. Metode: Dilakukan studi deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong lintang melibatkan pasien PGK stadium 4-5 yang terdiagnosis simptomatik SVS, secara klinis dan radiologis, yang memiliki risiko stenosis, memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi serta menjalankan venoplasti. Variabel independen yaitu onset gejala, jenis, lokasi, durasi dan frekuensi pemasangan kateter. Variabel dependen adalah keberhasilan venoplasti dinilai dengan residual stenosis <30%. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan p = 0,05.

Hasil: Tercatat 34 subjek, 73,5% berusia >60 tahun, 61,8%  laki-laki dan 70,6% memiliki hipertensi sebagai etiologi PGK. Angka berhasilan venoplasti 85,3%, nilai rerata initial stenosis adalah 79,1±13,8% dan median residual stenosis 24,5% dengan range 10-90%. Letak stenosis terbanyak di vena subklavia (47,1%). Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna terhadap keberhasilan venoplasti,  namun angka ketidakberhasilan venoplasti yang lebih tinggi ditemukan pada lokasi di vena subklavia (OR 2,45; p = 0,627) dan frekuensi pemasangan kateter >2 kali  (OR 1,85; p = 0,648).

Simpulan: Keberhasilan venoplasti pada SVS 85,3% dengan keberhasilan ditemukan dua kali lebih tinggi pada implantasi di vena subklavia dan frekuensi > 2 kali. Namun pada studi ini tidak bermakna secara statistik. Ketidakberhasilan venoplasti lebih sering ditemukan pada subjek dengan pemasangan kateter di vena subklavia, durasi pemasangan panjang, onset gejala lambat dan riwayat pemasangan berulang.
Evaluasi Penatalaksanaan Insufisiensi Vena Kronis C5-C6 pada tahun 2014-2015 di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta
Authors: Prabowo Andrio Wishnu , Suhartono R
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Insufisiensi vena kronis (IVK) derajat berat atau C5-C6 membutuhkan penatalaksanaan yang lebih kompleks dan membawa dampak morbiditas yang lebih berat akibat lamanya waktu pengobatan dan angka kekambuhan yang tinggi. Tata laksana definitif IVK C5-C6 telah mengalami pergeseran dari terapi non operatif (terapi kompresi dan medikamentosa) menjadi terapi operatif dengan teknik non invasif seperti ablasi endovena. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap jenis terapi yang diberikan baik terapi definitif maupun terapi perawatan luka dengan keluaran berupa angka kekambuhan dan lama rawat.

Metode: Studi potong lintang analitik dilakukan dengan mengambil  total sampel 54 pasien IVK C5-C6 yang datang ke RSCM pada periode Januari  2014-Desember 2015. Pasien IVK yang disertai dengan insufisiensi arteri,  insufisiensi vena dalam, dan kelainan kulit akibat penyakit kulit primer,  keganasan, trauma dieksklusi. Analisis statistik diolah dengan SPSS 21 for windows, untuk menilai keluaran dari terapi definitif berupa angka kekambuhan dan lama rawat.

Hasil: Angka kekambuhan pasien IVK C5-C6 dengan terapi operatif lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan terapi non operatif yakni 7,1% berbanding 30,8% dalam follow up selama 2 tahun dengan nilai p 0,02 dan OR 0,17 (95% IK 0,03-0,91). Lama perawatan rerata pasien IVK C5-C6 pada kelompok terapi operatif selama 10,6 hari dan kelompok non operatif selama 14,8 hari.

Simpulan: Angka kekambuhan pasien IVK C5-C6 yang memperoleh terapi definitif operatif lebih rendah dari yang hanya memperoleh terapi non operatif dalam evaluasi selama 1-2 tahun.
PERFIL SOCIOPOLÍTICO DOS MEMBROS TITULARES DA COMISSÃO DA AGRICULTURA E REFORMA AGRÁRIA DO SENADO FEDERAL
Authors: Ferreira Wesley Rodrigues Santos
Published: July 2020

Percebe-se que há um baixo interesse em realizar estudos sobre o Senado Federal, isto deve-se ao fato de o Senado Federal assumir com frequência um papel de câmara revisora, ou seja, não é percebida, por parte da literatura, sua autonomia enquanto casa legislativa de deliberação. De igual modo, o sistema de comissões no Senado Federal é pouco explorado. O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para a agenda de estudos sobre o sistema de comissões do Senado Federal, realizando uma análise da composição sociopolítica da Comissão de Agricultura e Reforma Agrária (CRA) do Senado Federal. Para este fim, utilizaremos dados sobre: 1) perfil político dos membros da comissão (partido, número de mandatos no Senado e cargos políticos exercidos); 2) perfil sociodemográfico (região e gênero); e 3) seniority (nível de escolaridade, área de formação profissional, área de mandatos, atuação profissional) e expertise. Os dados referem-se ao período de 2005 a 2018, o que engloba o tempo de existência da CRA, disponibilizados no site do Senado Federal e no Relatório Anual da Presidência do Senado Federal. Dessa forma, foi possível verificar que a CRA apresenta desde sua origem, uma presença de mais de 50% de membros da coalizão de governo, atingindo cerca de 80% no segundo mandato do governo Dilma, isto é, nota-se que há um compartilhamento de poder entre os partidos membros da coalizão e o partido governista na CRA. Outrossim, foi possível inferir que a presidência e a vice-presidência foram, majoritariamente, assumidas pelos partidos da coalizão governista e o partido governista, logo, indicando pouco espaço para articulação da oposição. Observa-se também que a fragmentação partidária, verificada em plenário, refletiu-se na CRA, cujo número de partidos variou entre 8 a 11. No geral, os membros, em sua maioria, estão em primeiro ou segundo mandato, entretanto, não são políticos “inexperientes”, grande parte deles já ocupou outras posições eletivas, sobretudo no Legislativo.
PERMANÊNCIA PARA ALÉM DA PRECARIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: a centralidade das trabalhadoras terceirizadas para a funcionalidade do Instituto Federal da Paraíba/campus João Pessoa
Authors: Cadore Marcelo
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo procura desvelar como trabalhadoras terceirizadas que atuam no Instituto Federal da Paraíba – Campus João Pessoa (IFPB-JP), situado no Bairro Jaguaribe, permanecem por longos períodos em seus postos de trabalho mesmo com a rotatividade das empresas prestadoras de serviços. Para tanto, em um primeiro momento, o texto traz algumas particularidades no mundo do trabalho na América Latina e no Brasil, e também como a sociologia do trabalho se coloca diante desses desafios históricos, e em seguida, partindo do pressuposto de que a terceirização é uma forma de subcontrato trabalhista, portanto uma condição estruturalmente precarizada, o artigo busca destacar e contextualizar politicamente os principais marcos da construção do atual (2020) arcabouço jurídico dessa modalidade de vínculo empregatício. Na sequência, é apresentado um estudo de caso no IFPB-JP que demonstra como a centralidade das atividades desenvolvidas por trabalhadoras terceirizadas garantem a funcionalidade da instituição escolar como um todo, e como isso se configura em um dos aspectos que asseguram a continuidade em seus empregos por períodos longevos. Por fim, o presente trabalho argumenta a necessidade de classificar essas trabalhadoras terceirizadas como profissionais da educação e da imperiosa urgência na elaboração de políticas compensatórias para sanar a defasagem existente em relação aos servidores estatutários. Medidas estas que também servem como desincentivo aos crescentes processos de terceirização dentro do serviço público.
Epigenetics in Medical Practice in the Twenty First Century
Authors: Ochalefu D O , Amali O E , Agada S A , Alonyenu E I
Published: July 2020

Epigenetics as a field of study is important because it tends to give answers to pertinent questions like why are identical twins behaving differently despite their possession of the same gene? Epigenetics provides a frame work for solving medical problems like mental retardation, neurodegenerative disorder, schizophrenia and social challenges like suicide and addiction. Abnormal DNA methylation pattern in epigenetics has been linked with a huge number of human cancers. However, recent research has revealed that epigenetic pharmaceuticals like vorinostat, decitabine and azacytidine could be a replacement or aid therapy for presently accepted treatment methods such as radiation and chemotherapy or may argument these current treatments. Understanding epigenetics phenomena entails the use of some research methods which include chromatin immunoprecipitation, fluorescent in-situ hybridization, methylation-sensitive restrictive enzyme and the use of bioinformatics methods. Further research work into epigenetics should be encouraged since this discipline of study has the potential to unravel lots of knowledge that will be very beneficial to managing some medical conditions.
The Growing IDPs in the Country and Impact on Childhood Malnutrition: Averting a Future Generation with Stunted Growth and Knowledge
Authors: Jombo G T , Dabit O J
Published: July 2020

Al least 80,000 people are forcefully displaced from their homes every 24 hour across the globe while in Nigeria the total number of IDPs in 2018 stands at 2.1 million. Among the major challenges facing the IDPs in camps scattered across the country is severe childhood malnutrition. This could lead to poor physical, mental and psychological development of children leading to the breeding of a large segment of children with stunted growth and associated compromised number recall, conceptual thinking, general cognition, and attention deficit which could manifest prominently in adult life. All efforts should therefore be intensified to meet adequate nutritional needs of all children in IDPs camps to ensure a healthy physical and mental future generation.
Physical Co morbidity and Functional Disability amongst Mentally Ill Inmates in Nigerian Prison
Authors: Armiya’u A Y , Lubuola B I , Tungchama P F
Published: July 2020

Comorbidity is the presence of more than one disorder/condition at the same time, and it is common among those with mental illness. Prisoners with multiple disorders are more disabled and consume more health resources than those with only one disorder. This study aimed at providing prevalence of physical comorbidity among inmates with mental illness and the relationship between physical comorbidity and functional disability among this group of inmates. The study was part of a comprehensive descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among 608 prisoners awaiting trial and convicted in Jos maximum security prison, Plateau state. Four sets of questionnaires were used namely Sociodemograhic Questionnaire (for demographic variable), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) for screening the prisoners for a mental health problem, Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) which is a structured clinical interview for diagnosing mental health disorders while Physical and functional disabilities were evaluated using the PULSE profile Questionnaire. Out of 608 participants 347 (57.1%) had mental disorders of which 63 (18.2%) had physical comorbidity, with infectious diseases being the commonest physical challenge. Functional disability (level of functioning) was significantly associated with comorbidity cutting across all physical disorders found in the study. The study found high physical comorbidity among mentally ill inmates in the prison studied.
Obstetrics and Gynaecology as a Career Choice among Medical Students in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Maanongun M T , Ornguze A A , Hembah-Hilekaan S K , Ojabo A O
Published: July 2020

The availability of various health care professionals including obstetricians and gynaecologist is dependent on career interest of present undergraduate medical students. We sought to identify obstetrics and gynaecology and other career choices among medical students in Makurdi, Nigeria and what affect these choices. Clinical students in the College of Medicine, Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria completed a pre-validated, self-administered questionnaire on nature and reasons of career choices, the assessment and suggestions on ways of improving the training of students in obstetrics and gynaecology. A total of 185 clinical students were eligible and 182(98.4%) participated in the study. The average age of the students was 27.0 ±3.2 years with a range of 21-40 years. There were 143(78.6%) males and 39(21.4 females). Overall, the most preferred specialty amongst the students was surgery 51(28.0%), followed by internal medicine 29(15.9%) with obstetrics and gynaecology and paediatrics having 20(11.0%) each. The commonest factors influencing their choices were natural interest and personal convenience. Others included possibility of getting a job, financial gains and personal aptitude. One hundred and fifty eight (86.8%) reported that obstetrics and gynaecology was important and interesting, others felt that it was important but either uninteresting or boring. Most students suggested that there should be improvement in the quality of teaching 71 (39%), more bedside teaching 55(30.2%) and practical sessions 48(26.4%).

Conclusion: Obstetrics and gynaecology was the 3rd most popular career among students. The commonest factors for choosing obstetrics and gynaecology included natural interest and personal convenience. Though most students considered obstetrics and gynaecology as interesting, a good number felt the teaching and practical sessions need improvement.
Challenges in the Management of Late Manifestation of Mayer Rokitansky Kuster- Hauser Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Aminu M B , Chama C M , Shehu M A , Dattijo L M
Published: July 2020

The treatment of infertility caused by congenital abnormalities, especially of the mullerian dysfunction Like Mayer syndrome, remains a challenge in most developing nations. This is because of limited corrective or palliative surgical skills across the various disciplines involved in its management. The advent of Artificial Reproductive Techniques (ART) is yielding positive results for some of the challenges. Our intention is to highlight the diagnostic and management challenges associated with Mayer syndrome in our practice. Importantly, gynecologists should be on the alert due to the increasing occurrence of the condition, similarly, adequate training and re training should be the watch word.
Onchocerciasis-A Neglected Tropical Disease Still Within and Around Us: A Case Report from Makurdi North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Echekwube P O , Abidakun O A
Published: July 2020

Onchocerciasis is a parasitic disease caused by the filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus. The disease is one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases which causes various cutaneous and extra-cutaneous disorders and creates a heavy burden on the sufferers. There is ongoing transmission of the disease despite all efforts at elimination mostly in rural communities. We report a case in a farmer who presented with features of chronic onchocerciasis and was further stigmatized in his community. Therefore, all efforts at elimination of the disease should be intensified.
Optimisation of Biogas Production through Variation of PH, Detention Time and Ratio of Substrate to Water for Rural Utilization
Authors: Jiya A G , Ijah U J , Galadima M , Akpan U G
Published: July 2020

A response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized in this study for optimisation of biogas production process. The optimal values of process parameter capable of giving a high yield of biogas were established. A biodigester of 20 liters capacity capable of producing biogas from rural household domestic waste was designed, constructed and used in the study. Its major units are the anaerobic and gas collecting units. The process parameters investigated are the pH of the substrate, detention time and ratio of substrate to water while the yield of biogas was used as performance characteristics. The experiment was based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The results revealed that the highest yield of biogas was obtained from a combination of detention time of 30 days, ratio of substrate to water of 1:1 and pH of 7, while the least yield of biogas of 11 cm3 was obtained from combination of detention time of 30 days, ratio of substrate to water of 1:3 and pH of 2. Numerical optimization carried out with the goal of maximizing the biogas yield revealed optimum values of detention time of 40 days, the ratio of substrate and water used; 1:2 and pH of 6.71 for biogas of 771.77 cm3 with the desirability of 0.9850. The detention time had the highest significant effects on the yield of biogas. The results of this study provided standard input process variables capable of yielding the optimum yield of biogas for the rural community.
Mathematical Evaluation of the Impact of Awareness on Epidemic Model using Weighted Network
Authors: Agaba G O
Published: July 2020

The applications of graph theory in the area of networking are of great significance in system analysis of different varieties, including biological systems. In biological systems, the use of networks finds importance in the study of epidemic and its control. A practical example include the evaluation of the spread of disease within human population and the impact of awareness circulating admist the same population as a result of the infection. Agaba et al. in 2017 proposed a mathematical model that analysed the impact of awareness on the spread of infectious diseases. This was done using the stability analyses of the various steady states of the system of equations and also through the evaluation of some numerical simulations. This paper, with the aid of the system of equations developed by Agaba et al., 2017b, studies the impact of awareness spreading simultaneously with an infectious disease within human population using weighted network.
Mathematical Evaluation of the Effect of Agrochemicals on Human Health
Authors: Agaba G O
Published: July 2020

The fast growing economical and political needs and demands for increase agricultural activities and produces in most parts of the world necessitate the need for a careful evaluation of the general crop cultivation processes and the increasing usage of diverse toxic chemicals in the form of pesticides, fertilizers, etc. in the agricultural sector to control pests and weeds to improve soil nutrients during cultivation and in some cases, for preservation of cultivated crops. Agrochemicals are used in a manner that suggests farmers do not take into cognisance the fact that residue of the chemicals which is harmful to man is always left on such foods. This paper applies a mathematical model to examine the impact of agrochemicals on human health by using the conventional principle of an SEIRS epidemic model. From the overall outcome, it was observed that the consumption of these hazardous plants before the elapse of the incubation (waiting) period affect the human health negatively. Consequently, the need for a wake up call to all farmers, agricultural workers, Government and Non-Governmental monitoring agencies to arise to the task of saving human lives from these toxic chemical residues in agricultural produces.
Modeling Volatility of Exchange Rates Returns in the Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market in the Presence of Non-Gaussian Errors
Authors: Kuhe D A , Aarga J T , Ayigege I T
Published: July 2020

This study investigates volatility behaviour of exchange rates returns of Naira against CFA, Euro, Great British Pounds, US Dollar, West African Unit of Account (WAUA) and Japanese Yen in Nigeria using historical volatility approach as well as symmetric and asymmetric Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models in the presence of non-Gaussian errors. The study utilizes daily quotations of these exchange rates from 12/11/2001 to 04/13/2018 making a total of 4008 observations each. Historical (annualized) volatility approach as well as symmetric GARCH (1,1) and asymmetric EGARCH (1,1) models were used to model the exchange rates return series. Results showed that CFA and USD have the highest and least annualized volatilities (market risk) respectively among the six exchange rates returns as measured by historical approach. The symmetric GARCH (1,1) model showed volatility clustering with evidence of shock persistence in the six exchange rates return series. The asymmetric EGARCH (1,1) model found evidence of asymmetry and leverage effects in the Nigerian foreign exchange market indicating that negative shocks (bad news) generate more volatility than positive shocks (good news) of similar magnitudes. All the estimated models were found to be stationary and mean reverting indicating the predictability and stability of the conditional variances of the foreign exchange rates returns. This result suggests that no matter how high or low the foreign exchange rates shall move in the exchange market, they shall eventually return to their long-run averages. Stationary and mean reverting stocks provide good and long term investment opportunities for investors.
Deriving Cauchy's Integral Formula Using Division Method
Authors: Egahi M , Ogwuche I O , Ode J
Published: July 2020

Cauchy's integral theorem and formula which holds for analytic functions is proved in most standard complex analysis texts. The nth derivative form is also proved. Here we derive the nth derivative form of Cauchy's integral formula using division method and showed its link with Taylor's theorem and demonstrate the result with some polynomials.
Evaluation of Hatchability from Various Intraspecific Crosses of Carp and Effect of Frequencies of Feeding on Stocking Density of Common Carp Fry
Authors: Jacob O O , Solomon G S , Annune P A
Published: July 2020

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) germplasm were sourced from Bauchi and Ibadan aimed at studying their hatchability from the various intraspecific crosses and effect of frequencies of feeding on stocking density of Carp fry. Both male and female were injected with Ovaprim at 0.5ml/kg body weight intramuscularly at a single dose. The number of eggs in 1 gram mass was determined, Fertilization rate and percentage of hatchability were calculated. One hundred and eighty (180) fry of Cyprinus carpio were randomly picked and distributed in nine bowls of 50 litres at three stocking densities with replicates for each treatment. The frequencies of feeding were in these order; Ten (10) fry per bowl of 50 litres were fed twice a day, Twenty ( 20) fry per bowl of 50 litres were fed four times a day, Thirty (30) fry per bowl of 50 litres were fed six times a day, respectively for 8 weeks with 30gm of 0.2mm Coppens starter diet. The Ib♀ x Ba♂ cross had the highest hatchability though highest fertilization rate was recorded by Ba♀ X Ba♂ cross. The various crosses had above 50% hatchability, though percentagehatchability differed significantly at (P <0.05). While the growth pattern of the different stocking densities at different feeding frequencies differed significantly (p<0.05). The intra specific crossing of different sexes from the two sources gave a higher yield as can be seen with the IB♀ x BA♂. Whereas carp fry stocked at a lower stocking density with a fewer feeding frequency had best growth.
X-Ray Images Processing to Detect Packaging Defects in Canned Food Industry Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Tafazoli Marzieh
Published: July 2020

Taking into account the importance of packaging in the food industry and the need to maintain the health of the materials in the packaging, and with the help of the experiences obtained from previous research with their strengths and weaknesses, we propose a method for the detection of defects in canned packaging, through the use of X-ray radiography, image processing and feature extraction methods, based on fuzzy logic functions for them.
Improving the cold flow properties of marine diesel fuel using centrifugation
Authors: Yakovlev Nikolay , Agaev Vyacheslav , Zemlyansky Evgeniy
Published: July 2020

The possibility of improving the low-temperature properties of marine diesel fuel of the Antipinsky Refinery by dewaxing was studied. Paraffin was isolated from the fuel in a centrifuge in the presence of a depressant additive. The depressant additive is selected from a series of synthesized additives for depressant effectiveness. The influence of the centrifuge rotor speed, the additive content and the initial cooling temperature of the sample on the dewaxing parameters of the fuel was studied. The possibility of isolating the additive from the obtained paraffin concentrates is shown. The dewaxing products obtained under optimal conditions were studied. A paraffin concentrate product containing 40.03% solid paraffins was isolated from fuel. Paraffin was isolated from paraffin concentrate by dewaxing with a selective solvent. The cloud point and freezing point of paraffin were 30 and 29 ° C, respectively. When converted to the original fuel, the amount of released paraffins was 7.3% of the 21% by weight contained in the original fuel. The fuel obtained at optimal parameters for low temperature properties corresponds to grade D of diesel fuel according to EN 590: 2009.
Molecular Dynamic Studies and Experimental Methods for Dispersion of Graphene Sheets with Different Strategies
Authors: Ahmadin Hashem
Published: July 2020

Graphene sheets tend to self-associate in microscale aggregates. This occurs in products with less mechanical and electrical action. Recognizing this problem, extensive research has been evidenced in the literature on the development of dispersion technologies, based on both mechanical and chemical approaches. Chemically converted sheets wrapped in surfactants, the ability of surfactants to disperse graphene nanospheres in a medium, was evaluated by different research groups, using both experimental and molecular dynamics (DM) simulation methods; In this article we summarize these methods and techniques. The effect of the influencing factors that count the ions, the pH value and the surfactants in the separation and agglomeration of the gerata sheets is highlighted. Here, we reviewed the recent advances that have been made in the dispersion of graphene sheets in aqueous and organic media by non-covalent adsorption of surfactants and polymers. Graphene structure, properties, and mainly self-assembly are also studied.
Increased efficiency of a fuel cell using h-BN electrodes and Teflon polymer electrolyte [-C2F4-]n
Authors: Chitsazan A. , Monajjemi M. , Aghaei H.
Published: July 2020

Graphene and h-BN have been theoretically simulated for hydrogen storage and oxygen diffusion in a single fuel cell unit. Obviously, the efficiency of the PEM hydrogen fuel cells was significantly related to the amount of H2 concentration, the water activities in catalyst substrates and the polymer of the electrolyte membranes, the temperature and the dependence of such variables in the direction of the fuel and air currents between the anode path and the cathode. The single PEM parameter has been estimated and the results show greater fuel cell efficiency using graphene sheets and h-BN. Maximum efficiency is observed with the stoichiometry of the 5H2, 5O2 and 3 C2F4 molecules during adsorption.
Investigation about electrostatic three-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), including doping with BN: a model for the nano capacitor
Authors: Farhami Nabieh , Monajjemi Majid
Published: July 2020

Three-walled boron & nitride nanotubes are used for a theoretical study of a cylindrical molecular capacitor, including an inner cylinder with a positive charge distribution and an outer cylinder with a negative charge distribution. Due to the semiconductor characteristic and dielectric functionality of SWBNTs, DWBNTs and TW (B&C) NTs can be used as a capacitor. Although the SWBNTs @ SWCNTs behave like Nano cylindrical capacitors, we have shown in this study that a dopant of BN in the inner cylinder reduces the energy gap and yields a better capacitance. The dopant of BN in the outer cylinder results in an inverse charge distribution (outer is positive and inner is negative). Therefore under these circumstances, the term capacitor would be meaningless, thought, the gap and the interaction energy decreases compared to the non-dopant form of those capacitors. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have performed for the structure and stability of three wall carbon Nano tubes (TW (BN&C) NTs). In this work, it was calculated the geometrical structure, and stability to predict NMR and thermodynamics parameters. A mixing of SWBNNTs @ DWCNTs has been modeled and calculated for the suitable structures to storage the H2 molecules for increasing the dielectric. We have found these kinds of Nano-structures are useful for maximum storages of charges compare to other cylindrical capacitor.
Comparison of neural networks and genetic algorithms to determine missing precipitation data (Case study: the city of Sari)
Authors: Mahdavi Ali , Najarchi Mohsen , Hazaveie Emadoddin , Mirhosayni Hazave Seyed Mohammad , Mahdai Najafizadeh Seyed Mohammad
Published: July 2020

Neural networks and genetic programming in the investigation of new methods for predicting rainfall in the catchment area of the city of Sari. Various methods are used for prediction, such as the time series model, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, fuzzy Nero, and genetic programming. Results based on statistical indicators of root mean square error and correlation coefficient were studied. The results of the optimal model of genetic programming were compared, the correlation coefficients and the root mean square error 0.973 and 0.034 respectively for training, and 0.964 and 0.057 respectively for the optimal neural network model. Genetic programming has been more accurate than artificial neural networks and is recommended as a good way to accurately predict.