bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of strains from different Saccharomyces species used in different inoculation schemes on chemical composition and sensory characteristics of Sauvignon blanc wine
Authors: Dimopoulou Maria , Troianou Vicky , Toumpeki Chrisavgi , Gosselin Yves , Dorignac Étienne , Kotseridis Yorgos
Published: October 2020

Enhancing the sensory profile of wine using different microorganisms has always been a challenge in winemaking. The aim of our work was to evaluate the impact of different fermentation schemes by using mixed and pure cultures of three different Saccharomyces species at classic and cold inoculation temperatures on wine chemical composition and sensory profile. All the produced wines were analysed for the main oenological parameters (total acidity, volatile acidity, residual sugars, alcohol, and malic acid), as well as for volatile aromatic compounds, such as higher alcohols, acetate esters, ethyl esters and varietal thiols. In addition, implantation monitoring at the strain level and sensory analyses were performed in all fermentation trials. The wines fermented with S. pastorianus strains were characterised by significant lower acetic acid production and greater malic acid degradation compared to the wines fermented with S. cerevisiae strains. Interestingly, when the inoculation process for all trials was performed at a cold temperature (13 °C), the typical aromas of Sauvignon blanc were stronger than those in the classic inoculation temperature (18 °C) trials. Furthermore, the co-inoculation of S. pastorianus and S. bayanus resulted in wines exhibiting a higher intensity of citrus fruit notes than the wines fermented with the commercial S. cerevisiae strains. These results show that some strains from different Saccharomyces species other than S. cerevisiae, such as S. pastorianus and S. bayanus, could be promising starters for Sauvignon blanc wines and their performance can be modulated by the inoculation conditions.
The Mechanical Basis of Memory - the MeshCODE Theory
Authors: Goult Benjamin T.
Published: October 2020

One of the major unsolved mysteries of biological science concerns the question of where and in what form information is stored in the brain. I propose that memory is stored in the brain in a mechanically encoded binary format written into the conformations of proteins found in the cell-extracellular matrix adhesions that organise each and every synapse. The MeshCODE framework outlined here represents a unifying theory of data storage in animals, providing read-write storage of both dynamic and persistent information in a binary format. Mechanosensitive proteins that contain force-dependent switches can store information persistently, which can be written or updated using small changes in mechanical force. These mechanosensitive proteins, such as talin, scaffold each synapse, creating a meshwork of switches that together form a code, the so-called MeshCODE. Large signalling complexes assemble on these scaffolds as a function of the switch patterns and these complexes would both stabilise the patterns and coordinate synaptic regulators to dynamically tune synaptic activity. Synaptic transmission and action potential spike trains would operate the cytoskeletal machinery to write and update the synaptic MeshCODEs, thereby propagating this coding throughout the organism. Based on established biophysical principles, such a mechanical basis for memory would provide a physical location for data storage in the brain, with the binary patterns, encoded in the information-storing mechanosensitive molecules in the synaptic scaffolds, and the complexes that form on them, representing the physical location of engrams. Furthermore, the conversion and storage of sensory and temporal inputs into a binary format would constitute an addressable read-write memory system, supporting the view of the mind as an organic supercomputer.
Chaos, Order and Systematics in Evolution of the Genetic Code
Authors: Lei Lei , Burton Zachary F.
Published: October 2020

The genetic code evolved by parallel tracks of chaotic and ordered processes. Liquid-liquid phase separation (hydrogels), a chaotic process, constructs diverse membraneless compartments within cells, resulting in regulated hydration and sequestration and concentration of reaction components. Hydrogels relate to chaotic amyloid fiber production. We propose that polyglycine and related hydrogels (i.e. GADV; G is glycine), phase separations, membraneless droplets and amyloid accretions organized protocell domains to drive the earliest evolution of the genetic code and the pre-life to cellular life transition. By contrast, evolution of tRNA, tRNAomes, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and translation systems followed highly ordered and systematic pathways, described by well-defined mechanisms and rules. The pathway of evolution of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, which tracked evolution of the genetic code, is clarified. Hydrogels and amyloids form a chaotic component, therefore, that complemented otherwise systematic processes. We describe with detail a pre-life world in which hydrogels and amyloids provided the selections of the first life.
Proof of Concept Study for Increasing Tenascin-C-targeted Drug Delivery to Tumors Previously Subjected to Therapy: X-Irradiation Increases Tumor Uptake
Authors: Sugyo Aya , Tsuji Atsushi B. , Sudo Hitomi , Takano Kanako , Kusakabe Moriaki , Higashi Tatsuya
Published: October 2020

Background: In treatment-refractory cancers, tumor tissues damaged by therapy initiate the repair response; therefore, tumor tissues must be exposed to an additional burden before successful repair. We hypothesized that an agent recognizing a molecule that responds to anticancer treatment–induced tissue injury could deliver an additional antitumor agent including a radionuclide to damaged cancer tissues during repair. We selected the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C (TNC) as such a molecule, and three antibodies recognizing human and murine TNC were employed to evaluate X-irradiation–induced changes in TNC uptake by subcutaneous tumors. Methods: TNC expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining of BxPC-3 tumors treated with or without X-irradiation (30 Gy) for 7 days. Antibodies against TNC (3-6, 12-2-7, TDEAR) and a control antibody were radiolabeled with 111In and injected into nude mice having BxPC-3 tumors 7 days after X-irradiation, and temporal uptake was monitored for an additional 4 days by biodistribution and single-photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT/CT) studies. Intratumoral distribution was analyzed by autoradiography. Results: The immunohistochemical signal for TNC expression was faint in nontreated tumors but increased and expanded with time until day 7 after X-irradiation. Biodistribution studies revealed increased tumor uptake of all three 111In-labeled antibodies and the control antibody. However, a statistically significant increase in uptake was evident only for 111In-labeled 3-6 (35%ID/g for 30 Gy vs. 15%ID/g for 0 Gy at day 1, P < 0.01; ID, injected dose), whereas limited changes in 111In-labeled TDEAR2, 12-2-27, and control antibody were observed (several %ID/g for 0 and 30 Gy). Serial SPECT/CT imaging with 111In-labeled 3-6 or control antibody provided consistent results. Autoradiography revealed noticeably stronger signals in irradiated tumors injected with 111In-labeled 3-6 compared with each of nonirradiated tumors and the control antibody. The signals were observed in TNC-expressing stroma. Conclusion: Markedly increased uptake of 111In-labeled 3-6 in irradiated tumors supports our concept that an agent, such as an antibody, that recognizes a molecule, such as TNC, involved in tissue-injury repair could enhance drug delivery to therapy-experienced tumor tissues. The combination of antibody 3-6 coupled to a tumoricidal drug and conventional therapy has the potential to achieve better outcomes for patients with refractory cancer.
A Comprehensive Review of the Influence of Electric Field on Flame Characteristics
Authors: Ma Yin , Li Tong , Yan Jun , Wang Xiaorong , Gao Ji , Sun Zuoyu
Published: October 2020

Electric field assisted combustion is an important means to improve fuel combustion efficiency. This paper conducts extensive research on flame characteristics under different forms and different application methods of electric fields, emission of soot particles and simulation status. Different flame parameter measurement methods will lead to different degrees of error, and perfect numerical simulation can make simple predictions on experimental data. Most of the current numerical simulations are in two dimensions, and it is necessary to develop a complete and accurate three-dimensional model to simulate and predict the characteristics of the flame under an electric field. The emission of soot particles is also affected by the electric field, and reasonable electric field parameters can greatly reduce the emission of soot particles. It is recommended to conduct centralized measurement of different fuels under the electric field under high pressure and temperature conditions, so as to be able to develop a wider and more accurate flame dynamics and chemical model under the electric field.
Численный метод определения границы неоднородности в задаче электроимпедансной томографии в случае кусочно-постоянной проводимости
Authors: Гаврилов Сергей Вадимович , Gavrilov Sergei Vadimovich
Published: October 2020

Рассматривается двумерная задача электроимпедансной томографии в случае кусочно-постоянной электрической проводимости, принимающей два известных значения. Требуется определить границу между областями, имеющими различную
проводимость. Исходной информацией для решения задачи являются несколько
пар распределений тока и напряжения на внешней границе тела. Предлагается численный метод определения неизвестной границы, приводятся результаты вычислительных экспериментов.
Численное исследование аэродинамики вертикально-осевых ветротурбин
Authors: Бобков Владимир Георгиевич , Bobkov Vladimir Georgievich , Бондарев Александр Евгеньевич , Bondarev Aleksandr Evgen'evich , Бондаренко Александр Викторович , Bondarenko Alexander Viktorovich , Галактионов Владимир Александрович , Galaktionov Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Жуков Виктор Тимофеевич , Zhukov Victor Timofeevich , Мануковский Константин Викторович , Manukovskiy Konstantin Viktorovich , Новикова Наталия Дмитриевна , Novikova Nataliya Dmitrievna , Феодоритова Ольга Борисовна , Feodoritova Olga Borisovna
Published: October 2020

Представлена методология и результаты параметрических исследований вертикально-осевых ветроэнергетических установок на основе трехмерных аэродинамических расчетов. Для модельной ветротурбины с тремя витыми лопастями изучена зависимость вращающего момента от скорости ветра, скорости вращения турбины и
от вариации геометрических параметров, определяющих конструкцию турбины.
Получены оценки амплитуды пульсаций момента вращения ветротурбины в зависимости от задаваемых параметров.
Haemodynamic Patterns of Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Komlev A. E. , Saidova M. A. , Imaev T. E. , Shitov V. N. , Akchurin R. S.
Published: October 2020

The authors present up-to-date review of clinical pathophysiology of aortic stenosis (AS) based on differentiation of its haemodynamic patterns, and some actual issues of instrumental diagnostics and classification of AS. The variety of clinical presentations of AS is based on diverse combination of pathological changes of haemodynamics. In Russian cardiology, there is no clear pathophysiological classification of AS despite of its relevance under the progress of surgical and transcatheter treatment of AS. The authors suggest the pilot haemodynamic classification of AS which includes 6 types (0-5) based on different combination of the following variables: left ventricle ejection fraction, stroke volume, mean aortic systolic pressure gradient. Severe AS with low transaortic pressure gradient in patients with depressed systolic function of the left ventricle (so called «low flow-low» gradient phenomenon) is referred to as the most frequent, classical haemodynamic pattern of low-gradient AS. The prevalence of this variant is about 10% among European population of patients with severe AS. The inconsistence between aortic valve area and mean pressure gradient is as common as in 35-40% of patients with AS, however, in 30-50% of these cases, AS is not severe. Severe AS is a surgical disease that should be treated in a surgical way in all patients but those in whom predicted risk overbalances potential benefits of the procedure. The use of integrated clinical and instrumental approach for identification of a true sever AS is the matter of great concern, as both overestimation and underestimation can misguide the clinical decision-making process. Verification of severe AS in patients with classical and paradoxical low flow-low gradient AS with specific indications for surgical treatment regarded is further emphasized in the paper. Since transcatheter aortic valve implantation has become a commonly recognized alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement, its role in the treatment of severe AS with different haemodynamic patterns is also discussed. The authors stress on the necessity of using tailored approach for treatment of AS regarding different clinical and pathophysiological scenarios: high gradient AS with preserved ejection fraction, classical and paradoxical low flow-low gradient AS.
MONITORING PROPOSAL OF THE SPECIES Streptocephalus torvicornis (Waga 1842) IN POLAND
Authors:   Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences –SGGW, Warszawa, Poland, CUKIER Stanisław
Published: October 2020

The paper presents a proposal of methods for monitoring the species Streptocephalus torvicornis, which belongs to large branchiopods. This species occurs in small ephemeral water bodies. Currently, there is only one known locality of S. torvicornis in Poland. Many species of large branchiopods are considered to be in danger of extinction. Their observation in the environment is hampered by the periodic nature of the occurrence of adults. The proposed method of population status assessment is based on the analysis of soil samples in terms of the presence of persistent cysts. The following factors may be used to assess the condition of the habitat: the presence of vegetation indicating the astatic or ephemeral nature of the pools, the level of succession of trees and shrubs, the presence of fish, the presence of potential sources of pollution. The proposed methods are universal and can be applied to the monitoring of other large branchiopods species. Regular monitoring may contribute to the recognition of other places of occurrence and will enable effective protection of the species S. torvicornis in Poland.
Results of Detecting SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pathogens of Community-Acquired Pneumonia by PCR in the Tyumen Region
Authors: Bakshtanovskaya I. V. , Stepanova T. F. , Sharukho G. V. , Letyushev A. N. , Stepanova K. B. , Loginova N. V. , Panina Ts. A. , Zmatrakova E. A. , Kosyreva A. N. , Bartusevich A. Z. , Leont’eva S. A. , Vishnyakova A. O.
Published: October 2020

The aim of this work was to identify the causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia and coinfection using PCR study of biomaterial from patients.

Materials and methods. PCR testing of 268 samples from 258 patients was carried out to identify RNA/DNA of viral and bacterial pathogens of respiratory infections.

Results and discussion. In 43.3 % of samples SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected, in 4.5 % – RNA/DNA of acute respiratory viral infections pathogens, in one sample – DNA of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Co-infection was detected only in patients of the anti-tuberculosis dispensary (SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis). In the examined patients with pneumonia, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was significantly more often detected in biomaterial from the lower respiratory tract (52 %) than in respiratory smears (8.5 %). In the first week from the onset of the disease, 19.2 % of positive samples were found, in the second – 56.5 %.
Comparative Proteomic Profiles of Typical Strain and Genetically Altered Variant of Vibrio cholerae O1, Biovar El Tor
Authors: Zadnova S. P. , Badanin D. V. , Plekhanov N. A. , Polunina T. A. , Kotova N. V. , Kritsky A. A. , Fedorov A. V. , Krasnov Ya. M.
Published: October 2020

Objective of the study was to identify the differences in the production of proteins in typical strain and genetically altered variant of V. cholerae O1, biovar El Tor.

Materials and methods. Natural strains M1062 (Astrakhan, 1970) and M1509 (Moscow, 2010) were used as model strains in this work. Strains were cultivated on Luria Bertani agar at 37 °C. Electrophoresis was performed in accordance with W.K. Laemmli technique (1970), mass-spectrometric profiling – the method described by A. Shevchenko et al.

Results and discussion. Mass-spectrometric scanning of cell lysates of the examined strains showed significant similarity of their proteomes (615 common proteins). The identified differences pertained to high expression of proteins in the strain M1062, participating in biosynthesis of DNA/RNA, included into “purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides” group, as well as regulatory proteins. In M1509 strain, biosynthesis of the proteins responsible for pathogenesis, adaptation under the influence of unfavorable environmental factors, included into “co-factors, vitamins, pigments” group, involved in lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism, cellular processes, as well as proteins-transporters was increased. It has been suggested that the wide dissemination of El Tor genovariants is probably due to enhanced pathogenic and adaptive properties and also to the considerable transformation of cell  metabolism.
Characteristics of Bacterial Microflora Isolated from Sputum of Patients with Pneumonia Registered in Khabarovsk City and Khabarovsk Territory in the Initial Period of COVID-19 Pandemic in May–June, 2020
Authors: Bondarenko A. P. , Shmylenko V. A. , Trotsenko O. E. , Kotova V. O. , Butakova L. V. , Bazykina E. A.
Published: October 2020

Objective: to study the bacterial microflora in the sputum of patients with pneumonia caused by SARSCoV-2 or other pathogens.

Materials and methods. The bacterial microflora of sputum of 173 patients with pneumonia admitted to hospitals in Khabarovsk and the Khabarovsk Territory in May – June 2020 was examined. Detection of RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was carried out by PCR with the Vector-PCRRV-2019-nCoV-RG test system (manufactured by the State Scientific Center of VB “Vector”, Koltsovo). Determination of the DNA of mycoplasmosis agents and chlamydia was carried out with the test system “AmpliSens® Mycoplasma pneumoniae/Chlamydophila pneumonia” (manufactured by CRIE). Statistical data processing was performed using the Excel program. 

Results and discussion. Both groups of patients (Covid-19+ and Covid-19–) had high levels of bacterial flora isolation (81.4 and 74.7 %) including common pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia as well as notable detection frequency of Candida spp. and microbial associations. The group of Covid-19+ patients demonstrated a wider range of detected pathogens, was positive for poly-resistant gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae, non-fermenting gram-negative poly-resistant bacteria, with more expressed manifestation of microbial associations. In the group of Covid-19– participants drug-resistant microflora was presented only by MRSA and MRSE  staphylococci.
Libertad relacional
Authors: Stern Donnel B.
Published: October 2020

Freedom in the interpersonal field is defined by the degree of latitude patient and analyst have to relate to one another without the kinds of constraints introduced by unconscious defensive purposes. Rigidities in the field lead to stereotyped, destructive interactions and constraints on the freedom to create the future. Changes in the field are changes in the possibilities for relatedness—i.e., changes in the kinds of relatedness that are facilitated and inhibited.
Como trabajo con los procesos inconscientes: Estudio de un caso
Authors: Stern Donnel B.
Published: October 2020

After a brief review of the way I conceptualize clinical process, I present a case example to illustrate it. I begin with a brief theoretical presentation, to orient the reader for the longer clinical case example that follows. The theory, my conceptualization of unconscious process, is the variety of field theory that I have been developing for some years. The theory grows from the idea of unformulated experience, according to which the unconscious is composed of various, shifting potentials, only some of which will be actualized in conscious experience. Which of these potentials is formulated and thereby emerges in consciousness is determined by the nature of the interpersonal field. Constriction in the field reduces the freedom of thought and feeling of the field’s participants. Freeing the field, then, and not understanding via interpretation, becomes the clinical aim.
Un futuro posible para el psicoanálisis
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco, González Torres Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2020

The loss of Horst Kächele prompts us to reflect on his person and his work, all centered on examining the problems of Psychoanalysis and how to solve them. His positivist conception of our discipline led him to practice, teach and investigate in an open and rigorous way. Open to different opinions, criticisms and questions. Rigorous in his conception of empirical research as the axis of the future of psychoanalysis. Starting from a personal interpretation of his proposals, some master lines are drawn here of what a psychoanalysis of the future could be, which protects our field from cultural and scientific irrelevance and enables fertile growth. Linking Psychoanalysis to the University, reviewing the training programs in depth and opting for decisive support for research are central elements in this possible future.
De la situación analítica al contexto y del contexto a la situación analítica
Authors: Coderch de Sans Joan , Sunye i Barcons Teresa
Published: October 2020

In the analytic situation, as in any human relationship, patients express feelings, emotions, desires, demands and fears according to what the analyst awakens in them, with their general attitude, presence and words. This has come to be called the phenomenon of transference. And now we know that this phenomenon is closely linked to the relationship offered by the analyst and that, therefore, not all the psychic world of patients manifests itself in dealing with a particular analyst. Every patient lives in the world of life and in this complex world responds in various ways that go far beyond the narrow situation of the pure analytical situation. For this reason, the understanding of the patient's psychic processes must oscillate from what happens during the patient-analyst interaction to what takes place in the situations of their life in the outside world, and we think that only this alternative vision between one situation and the other will allow us a total understanding of the psychic processes of the patients.
Saliendo al encuentro. Una aproximación relacional a la experiencia intersubjetiva con los niños con autismo
Authors: Portalatín Vargas Brianda
Published: October 2020

Approaching autism from a contemporary psychoanalytic point of view, we understand it as an experience that is lived, whose core difficulty lies in the sensory-motor domain and in the diminished experience of intersubjective relationship. Such understanding allows us to offer a treatment focused on improving the intersubjective relationship.
Establecimiento de la relación terapéutica con niños y adolescentes con dificultades de regulación y violencia
Authors:   Instituto de Psicoterapia Relacional, Domínguez Peña Carmen , Gutiérrez Sebastián Raúl ,   Instituto de Psicoterapia Relacional
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this paper is encouraging some reflections over the first steps during the establishment of the therapeutic relationship with children and teenagers with a violence behavior and self-regulation problems. We will discuss the importance of building a clear demand with the patient that provides a congruent therapeutic space that allows a curious and shared experience cobuilt by a mutual relational experience between the therapist and the young patient. In addition, we need to have in mind their significant caregivers as an important part of the process so that the change could be generalize. The final goal is that children and teenager could live a new relational experience that makes a difference in the way of bonding giving way to new forms of relationship in other areas of their life allowing a more mature and adaptive development.
La insoportable soledad de ser un "no ser". Ser un "Don nadie"
Authors: Deprez Judith , Molet Laura
Published: October 2020

This presentation is about the pain and suffering felt by people who, right from early childhood, have been disconnected from their emotions. Lack of affection and insecure attachment bonds are breeding grounds, “kitchens”, where false identities, role reversal or identities of feeling insignificant to their caregivers are cooked; this is what they refer to as being "nobody". Two clinical cases are used to illustrate this way of being in the world. "They might say good or bad things about me, but at least they talk about me", says Antonio, the 41-year-old patient we'll be discussing in this presentation. It is within the patient-therapist bond where patients find an opportunity to learn a new way of interacting and relating to others. Modifying their implicit relational knowing, they have a second chance to build a secure attachment with their therapist. We are emotional beings, regulating emotions through our relations; thus, our principal focus is relationships/interactions. "You're my only support,” says the patient to the therapist, “I can be me, Antonio, with you; but outside I'm Anthony, the dealer and addict". It's from here on that he can forgo feeling "nobody" and gain access to his singularity: simply be himself. This can come about because he has felt listened to and seen by his therapist. Feeling felt helps to build his identity.
The role of knowledge, risk perceptions, and cues to action among Iranian women concerning cervical cancer and screening: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Asl Rahim Taghizadeh , Osch Liesbeth Van , De Vries Nanne , Zendehdel Kazem , Shams Mohsen , Zarei Fatemeh , De Vries Hein
Published: October 2020

Background Iran has a low incidence but higher rate of death from cervical cancer (CC). The country is in the process of implementing an organized screening program including HPV testing and cytology. Studies show high dropout in continued testing among eligible women. This qualitative study aimed to explore women’s awareness regarding CC and CC testing and the role of knowledge, perceived risk, and cues to action in this process.MethodThrough a qualitative study based on the Framework Method, we recruited 81 women aged 25-65 who participated in 15 focus group discussions (FGDs) and two in-depth interviews in Tehran. The interviewees were selected purposefully during January to May 2015 from households belonging to different socioeconomic classes until data saturation. The data were acquired through 11 open-ended questions and 32 related probe questions. All interviews were transcribed and independently analyzed by two researchers (Kappa and agreement testing respectively: 0.77, 97.11%).ResultsThe coded texts were categorized under three themes and 13 subthemes. The three thematic areas referred to knowledge, cues to action, and perceived risks regarding CC and screening. The results showed that women had limited and unspecified knowledge about CC and screening, compounded by misconceptions regarding infection and cancer prevention measures. Social and cultural barriers hindered proper communication between health system/providers and clients and within communities on subjects related to CC and screening. The perceived risk of getting CC was low because of overestimating the role of hereditary factors for CC, difficulty in differentiating between cancer and sexually transmitted infections (STI), and the absence of visible symptoms.ConclusionThe results indicate a strong need to invest more efforts to improve health education and communication in the current national health program to promote awareness of the need to screen for CC through, for example, establishing correct knowledge and risk perceptions among women. In addition, this intervention should address women’s social environment in order to prevent misconceptions being communicated to women.
Occupational injuries, daily workload, and fitness levels among fitness and swimming instructors.
Authors: Bonato Matteo , Merati Giampiero , Agnello Luca , Grevers Dorothée , Maggioni Martina Anna
Published: October 2020

Background. Fitness (FI) and swimming instructor (SI) are two different type of trainers that are usually employed in fitness centers and their profession is highly physically demanding because they have to exercise while teaching. To date, data on occupational disorders in FI are limited and there is no information about SI. Therefore, the primary outcome of this study was an exploratory analysis of occupational disorders experienced by FI and SI employed in various fitness centers through a self-reported questionnaire, to provide first data on its prevalence. The secondary outcome was to assess fitness levels, workloads and perceived exertion during a typical working day of SI and FI in order to explore the possible factors associated with occupational disorders in these professional activities.Methods. An online cross-sectional survey addressing physical data, frequency, duration and time of class participation and self-reported occupational disorders was conducted among 435 subjects (FI=254; SI=179). Subsequently, 97 subjects (FI=57; SI=42), were enrolled to investigate physical fitness by maximal oxygen consumption (BO2max), and daily workload by heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE).Results. A total of 621 musculoskeletal disorders and 521 of other disorders were included in the study with 157 and 155 participants that experienced 2 or more injuries during the last 2 years of their career, respectively. FI exhibited a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries and SI experienced more upper respiratory tract infections. aO2max ranged from 47.0±4.0 to 51.9±3.7 ml·kg-1·min-1, and no statistically significant differences between sex and instructor type was found. No statistical differences between instructor type in HRmean and HRmean/HRmax was found. According to sex, female SI displayed significantly higher HRmean and HRmean/HRmax (p=0.018, p=0.022, respectively) than female FI.Conclusions. In conclusion, FI and SI experienced a high prevalence of musculoskeletal and occupational disorders. Moreover, data on FI and SI physical fitness and daily workload monitoring will help to set up guidelines regarding maximum weekly teaching load.
The potential of peer support to extend the reach of digital health
Authors: Nanton Veronica , Roscoe Julia , Appleton Rebecca , Clarke Amy , Dale Jeremy
Published: October 2020

BackgroundPeer support groups have proliferated since the 1960s, providing safe, informal environments where peers share experiences and information. A common model is for those who have progressed further along a care pathway or in dealing with a particular medical condition or psycho-social problem, to encourage those at an earlier stage of recovery, either within a group or one to one. Online support now co-exists with face to face models, providing an additional resource for those with digital access and competence.The paradigm of health care has moved towards the incorporation of health promotion, patient empowerment, self-management and community engagement. This has led to a broadening of activities and roles within health systems. The role of peer supporter has been incorporated in a range of behaviour change interventions promoting engagement and adherence. Increasingly these are delivered online. While this aims to extend their reach, it leaves those without digital access at a disadvantage in terms of the ability to make use of online health resources.Main textThough peer support has been used to maintain adherence to online programmes, its potential in assisting with access and thus widening participation has remained unknown.We successfully piloted the use of a paid peer supporter to help men without experience of IT to take part in an online intervention involving a prostate specific holistic needs assessment. Lessons were learnt in relation to training needs and support for the supporter and around data security, confidentiality and safeguarding.Alternative models of voluntary peer support maybe appropriate, particularly in the implementation phase of an intervention and require exploration. A framework for best practice in relation to Digital Health interventions is needed to guide future development of the role.ConclusionHealth services are predicted to increasingly rely on digital technologies over the next decade. Research into the impact of these technologies must include participants’ representative of the entire population. Efforts are needed to include those who are currently underrepresented in research such as the elderly and other disadvantaged groups. Innovative designs involving peer support in a research project may be valuable in addressing the current barriers to participation.
Metabolic acclimation supports higher aluminium-induced secretion of citrate and malate in an aluminium-tolerant hybrid clone of Eucalyptus
Authors: Li Wannian , Finnegan Patrick , Dai Qin , Guo Dongqiang , Yang Mei
Published: October 2020

Background: Eucalyptus is the main plantation wood species, mostly grown in aluminized acid soils. To understand the response of Eucalyptus clones to aluminum (Al) toxicity, the Al-tolerant Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla clone GL-9 (designated “G9”) and the Al-sensitive E. urophylla clone GL-4 (designated “W4”) were employed to investigate the production and secretion of citrate and malate by roots.Results: Eucalyptus seedlings in hydroponics were exposed to the presence or absence of 4.4 mM Al at pH 4.0 for 24 hours. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHM) and anion channel blocker phenylglyoxal (PG) were applied to explore possible pathways involved in organic acid secretion. The secretion of malate and citrate was earlier and greater in G9 than in W4, corresponding to less Al accumulation in G9. The concentration of Al in G9 roots peaked after 1h and decreased afterwards, corresponding with a rapid induction of malate secretion. A time-lag of about 6h in citrate efflux in G9 was followed by robust secretion to support continuous Al-detoxification. Malate secretion alone may alleviate Al toxicity because the peaks of Al accumulation and malate secretion were simultaneous in W4, which did not secrete appreciable citrate. Enhanced activities of citrate synthase (CS) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and reduced activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), aconitase (ACO) and malic enzyme (ME) were closely associated with the greater secretion of citrate in G9. PG effectively inhibited citrate and malate secretion in both Eucalyptus clones. CHM also inhibited malate and citrate secretion in G9, and citrate secretion in W4, but notably did not affect malate secretion in W4.Conclusions: G9 immediately secrete malate from roots, which had an initial effect on Al-detoxification, followed by time-delayed citrate secretion. Pre-existing anion channel protein first contributed to malate secretion, while synthesis of carrier protein appeared to be needed for citrate excretion. The changes of organic acid concentrations in response to Al can be achieved by enhanced CS and PEPC activities, but was supported by changes in the activities of other enzymes involved in organic acid metabolism. The above information may help to further explore genes related to Al-tolerance in Eucalyptus.
Impact of maternal age on birthweight in frozen embryo transfer cycles: an analysis including 12565 singleton newborns
Authors: Ni Zhexin , Sun Shuai , Cheng Wen , Yu Jin , Zhai Dongxia , Zhang Danying , Cai Zailong , Kuang Yanping , Yu Chaoqin
Published: October 2020

Background: Previous studies have investigated the effect of maternal age on assisted reproductive technology (ART) success rates. However, little is known about the relationship between maternal age and neonatal birthweight in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Does maternal age have an impact on singleton birthweight in FET cycles?Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care centre, involving singleton live births born to women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer during the period from January 2010 to December 2017. A total of 12565 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled and were grouped into four groups according to the maternal age: <30, 30–34, 35-39, and ≥40 years old. Maternal age <30 years old was taken as a reference group. Singleton birthweight was the key outcome measure. A multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between maternal age and neonatal birthweight with controlling for a number of potential confounders.Results: A modest decrease but no significant difference in birthweight and gestational age- and gender-adjusted birthweight (Z-scores) was observed in maternal age over 35 years old as compared with group with <30years old. The highest proportions of LBW (4.1%), HBW (1.2%), PTB (5.9%) and very PTB (0.9%) were found in group over 40 years old, but no significant difference was observed among four groups. Additionally, the group with 35-39 years old had the highest very LBW (0.6%) , while the group with 30-34 years old had the lowest SGA (2.7%). However, multivariate analyses revealed that neonatal outcomes including PTB, LBW and SGA were similar between the different maternal age groups.Conclusion: Grouping with different maternal age was not associated with mean birthweight and Z-scores of singletons resulting from FET.
Association between short sleep duration and overweight/obesity among middle-school students: a cross-sectional study in Fuzhou, China
Authors: Li Guobo , Wei Shichao , Zheng Fuhao , Xu Xingyan , Cai Yingying , Wu Siying
Published: October 2020

Background: This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of short sleep duration and explore the association between short sleep duration and overweight or obesity in adolescents from middle school in Fuzhou, China.Methods: A total of 13,063 students (male: 6,500; female: 6,553) from 18 different schools were included in our study. Questionnaires focusing on short sleep duration and overweight or obesity related factors were collected. The sleep duration was self-reported by the subjects. The body weight and height of each subject were measured by the qualified personnel. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of short sleep duration on overweight or obesity in school students.Results: The overall rates of overweight and obesity were 12.1% and 7.1%, respectively. The prevalence of short sleep duration among students was 82.8%. The majority of high school students (92.5%) suffered from short sleep duration. Compared with male children with a sleep duration of 8-10 h day, the odds ratios (95% CI) of overweight/obesity for those with a sleep duration of less than 6 h or 6-8 h, were 1.63 (1.25-2.13) and 1.06 (0.88-1.27)，after adjusting social and demographic status, mental health and lifestyle factors. The homologous odds ratios of female children were 1.38 (0.99-1.93) and 1.04 (0.79-1.35), respectively.Conclusions: A large number of adolescents suffered from short sleep duration. Short sleep duration is associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity in male children.
Laparoscopic versus open pancreatic resection for ductal adenocarcinoma: separate propensity score matching analyses of distal pancreatectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Chen Ke , Pan Yu , Huang Chao-jie , Chen Qi-long , Zhang Ren-chao , Zhang Miao-zun , Wang Guan-yu , Wang Xian-fa , Mou Yi-ping , Yan jiafei
Published: October 2020

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Currently, laparoscopic pancreatic resection (LPR) is extensively applied to treat benign and low-grade diseases related to the pancreas. The viability and safety of LPR for PDAC needs to be understood better. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) and pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) are the two main surgical approaches for PDAC. We performed separate propensity score matching (PSM) analyses to assess the surgical and oncological outcomes of LPR for PDAC by comparing LDP with open distal pancreatectomy (ODP) as well as LPD with open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD). Methods: We assessed the data of patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy (DP) and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for PDAC between January 2004 and February 2020 at our hospital. A one-to-one PSM was applied to prevent selection bias by accounting for factors such as age, sex, body mass index, and tumour size. The DP group included 86 LDP patients and 86 ODP patients, whereas the PD group included 101 LPD patients and 101 OPD patients. Baseline characteristics, intraoperative effects, postoperative recovery, and survival outcomes were compared. Results: Compared to ODP, LDP was associated with shorter operative time, lesser blood loss, and similar overall morbidity. Of the 101 patients who underwent LPD, 10 patients (9.9%) required conversion to laparotomy. The short-term surgical advantage of LPD is not as apparent as that of LDP due to conversions. Compared with OPD, LPD was associated with longer operative time, lesser blood loss, and similar overall morbidity. For oncological and survival outcomes, there were no significant differences in tumour size, R0 resection rate, and tumour stage in both the DP and PD subgroups. However, laparoscopic procedures appear to have an advantage over open surgery in terms of retrieved lymph nodes. These two groups did not show a signiﬁcant difference in the pattern of recurrence and overall survival rate. Conclusions: Laparoscopic DP and PD are feasible and oncologically safe procedures for PDAC, with similar postoperative outcomes and long-term survival among patients who underwent open surgery.
Predictors of thyroglobulin in the lymph nodes recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma undergoing total thyroidectomy
Authors: Xing Zhichao , Qiu Yuxuan , Li Zhe , Zhang Lingyun , Fei Yuan , Zhu Jingqiang , Su Anping
Published: October 2020

Background: To investigate the association between postoperative lymph nodes (LN) recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with different serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels. Methods: This study included PTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) with at least central neck dissection and then re-operated due to LNs recurrence between January 2013 and June 2018 These patients were divided by serum Tg levels. Results: Of all the 60 included patients, 49 underwent radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment. Maximum unstimulated Tg (uTg) ≥ 0.2 ng/mL were associated with larger diameter of recurrent LNs (P = 0.027), higher possibility of diameters of recurrent LNs ≥ 25mm (P = 0.023) and higher ratio of metastatic LNs (P < 0.001). Serum-stimulated Tg (off-Tg) ≥ 1ng/mL and unstimulated Tg detected at 1 week after RAI ablation (on-Tg) ≥ 0.2 ng/mL were associated with larger diameter of recurrent LNs and higher possibility of diameters of recurrent LNs ≥ 25mm. Number of metastatic LNs ≥ 8 was an independent predictor for maximum uTg ≥ 0.2 ng/mL (OR = 8.767; 95% CI =1.392-55.216; P = 0.021). Ratio of metastatic LNs ≥ 25% was an independent predictor for off-Tg ≥ 1 ng/mL (OR = 20.997; 95% CI =1.649-267.384; P = 0.019). Conclusion: Postoperative Tg-positive status was associated with larger size of recurrent LNs. Number of metastatic LNs ≥8 and ratio of metastatic LNs ≥ 25% was an independent predicator for uTg-positive and off-Tg-positive status, respectively.
A comprehensive analysis of cotton VQ gene superfamily reveals their potential and extensive roles in regulating cotton abiotic stress
Authors: Chen Pengyun , wei Fei , Cheng Shuaishuai , Ma Liang , Wang Hantao , Zhang Meng , Mao Guangzhi , Lu Jianhua , Hao Pengbo , Ahmad Adeel , Gu Lijiao , Ma Qiang , Wu Aimin , Wei Hengling , Yu Shuxun
Published: October 2020

Background: Valine-glutamine (VQ) motif-containing proteins play important roles in plant growth, development and abiotic stress response. For many plant species, the VQ genes have been identified and their functions have been described. However, little is known about the origin, evolution, and functions (and underlying mechanisms) of the VQ family genes in cotton.Results: In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of 268 VQ genes from four Gossypium genomes and found that the VQ proteins evolved into ten clades, and each clade had a similar structural and conservative motif. The expansion of the VQ gene was mainly through segmental duplication, followed by dispersal. Expression analysis revealed that many GhVQs might play important roles in response to salt and drought stress, and GhVQ18 and GhVQ84 were highly expressed under PEG and salt stress. Further analysis showed that GhVQs were co-expressed with GhWRKY transcription factors (TFs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) could hybridize to their cis-regulatory elements.Conclusions: The results in this study broaden our understanding of the VQ gene family in plants, and the analysis of the structure, conserved elements, and expression patterns of the VQs provide a solid foundation for exploring their specific functions in cotton responding to abiotic stresses. Our study provides significant insight into the potential functions of VQ genes in cotton.
Accuracy of Implant Surgical Guides Fabricated Using Computer Numerical Control Milling for Edentulous Jaws: A Pilot Clinical Trial
Authors: Chai Jinyou , Liu Xiaoqian , Schweyen Ramona , Setz Jürgen , Pan Shaoxia , Liu Jianzhang , Zhou Yongsheng
Published: October 2020

Background: To evaluate the accuracy of a computer numerical control (CNC) milled surgical guide for implant placement in edentulous jaws.Methods: Edentulous patients seeking implants treatment were recruited in this prospective cohort study. Radiographic guides with diagnostic templates were fabricated from wax-up dentures. Patients took cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) wearing the radiopaque radiographic guides. Implant positions were virtually designed in the planning software based on the CBCT data, and the radiographic templates were converted into surgical guides using CNC milling technique. Forty-four implants were placed into 12 edentulous jaws following guided implant surgery protocol. Post-surgery CBCT scans were made for each jaw, and the deviations between the planned and actual implant positions were measured. Deviation of implant position was compared between maxilla and mandible, and between cases with and without anchor pins using independent t-test.Results: Nine patients (3 males and 6 females) with 12 edentulous jaws were recruited. The mean age of patients was 59.2±13.9 years old. All 44 implants was placed without complication and survived, The mean three dimensional linear deviation of implant position between virtual planning and actual placement was 1.53 ±0.48mm at the implant neck and 1.58 ±0.49 mm at the apex. The angular deviation was 3.96 ±3.05 degrees. No significant difference was found in the deviation of implant position between maxilla and mandible (P=0.28 at neck, 0.08 at apex), nor between cases with and without anchor pins (P=0.87 at neck, 0.06 at apex). Conclusions: The guides fabricated using the CNC milling technique provided comparable accuracy as those fabricated by Stereolithography. The displacement of the guides on edentulous arch might be the main contributing factor of deviation.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-ONC-17014159 (July 26, 2017)