bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety evaluation of the interchangeable use of robenacoxib in commercially-available tablets and solution for injection in cats
Authors: Heit Mark C. , Stallons L. Jay , Seewald Wolfgang , Thompson Caryn M , Toutain Céline E. , King Stephen B. , Helbig Rainer
Published: September 2020

Background

Robenacoxib (Onsior™) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug developed for canine and feline use for the control of pain and inflammation. It is available as both tablets and solution for injection.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of the interchangeable use of commercially available robenacoxib formulations when administered to cats orally using 6 mg tablets and subcutaneously using a solution for injection containing 20 mg/mL. Thirty-four naïve healthy 4-month old cats were enrolled in this 37-day study and were randomized to four groups (three robenacoxib and one control). One robenacoxib group received the maximum recommended dose (MRD) rate of each formulation, while the other two received two and three times this dose rate. The cats underwent three 10-day treatment cycles comprised of seven days of once daily oral administration followed by three days of subcutaneous administration. The third cycle was followed by an additional seven days of oral treatment. The control group received oral empty gelatin capsules or subcutaneous saline injections. Assessment of safety was based on general health observations, clinical observations, physical, ophthalmic, electrocardiographic and neurological examinations, clinical pathology evaluations, food consumption, body weight, and macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Blood samples were collected for toxicokinetic evaluation.

Results

Blood concentrations of robenacoxib confirmed systemic exposure of all treated cats. All cats were in good health through study termination and there were no serious adverse events during the study. There were no changes in body weight, food consumption, ophthalmic, physical or neurological examinations during the study. Treatment-related abnormalities were of low occurrence at all doses and included injection site changes (transient edema with minimal or mild, subacute/chronic inflammation histologically) and prolongation of the QT interval. These findings were consistent with previously observed findings in studies with robenacoxib administered separately orally or subcutaneously in cats. Thus, there were no adverse effects that could be attributed specifically to the interchangeable use of oral and injectable robenacoxib.

Conclusions

This 37-day laboratory study supports the safety of interchanging robenacoxib injection at a daily dose of 2 mg/kg with robenacoxib tablets at a daily dose of 1 mg/kg, or vice versa.
The envelope protein of tick-borne encephalitis virus influences neuron entry, pathogenicity, and vaccine protection
Authors: Lindqvist Richard , Rosendal Ebba , Weber Elvira , Asghar Naveed , Schreier Sarah , Lenman Annasara , Johansson Magnus , Dobler Gerhard , Bestehorn Malena , Kröger Andrea , Överby Anna K.
Published: September 2020

Background

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is considered to be the medically most important arthropod-borne virus in Europe. The symptoms of an infection range from subclinical to mild flu-like disease to lethal encephalitis. The exact determinants of disease severity are not known; however, the virulence of the strain as well as the immune status of the host are thought to be important factors for the outcome of the infection. Here we investigated virulence determinants in TBEV infection.

Method

Mice were infected with different TBEV strains, and high virulent and low virulent TBEV strains were chosen. Sequence alignment identified differences that were cloned to generate chimera virus. The infection rate of the parental and chimeric virus were evaluated in primary mouse neurons, astrocytes, mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and in vivo. Neutralizing capacity of serum from individuals vaccinated with the FSME-IMMUN® and Encepur® or combined were evaluated.

Results

We identified a highly pathogenic and neurovirulent TBEV strain, 93/783. Using sequence analysis, we identified the envelope (E) protein of 93/783 as a potential virulence determinant and cloned it into the less pathogenic TBEV strain Torö. We found that the chimeric virus specifically infected primary neurons more efficiently compared to wild-type (WT) Torö and this correlated with enhanced pathogenicity and higher levels of viral RNA in vivo. The E protein is also the major target of neutralizing antibodies; thus, genetic variation in the E protein could influence the efficiency of the two available vaccines, FSME-IMMUN® and Encepur®. As TBEV vaccine breakthroughs have occurred in Europe, we chose to compare neutralizing capacity from individuals vaccinated with the two different vaccines or a combination of them. Our data suggest that the different vaccines do not perform equally well against the two Swedish strains.

Conclusions

Our findings show that two amino acid substitutions of the E protein found in 93/783, A83T, and A463S enhanced Torö infection of neurons as well as pathogenesis and viral replication in vivo; furthermore, we found that genetic divergence from the vaccine strain resulted in lower neutralizing antibody titers in vaccinated individuals.
Endovascular treatment of aortic saddle embolism through percutaneous mechanical Thrombectomy via Straub Rotarex catheter
Authors: Yu Hong-Zhi , Guo Xiao-Bo , Liu Zhao , Zhang Zhe , Feng Hai , Chen Xue-Ming
Published: September 2020

Background

To summarize our experience of endovascular treatment for abdominal aorta saddle embolism (ASE) through percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT).

Methods

Clinical data of three ASE patients treated with an endovascular approach using percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) were reviewed and analyzed.

Results

After PMT, blood flow of limbs was restored in all of the three patients. However, two patients died from sudden cardiac arrest caused by hyperkalemia several hours after the procedure. The other one patient survived through continuous renal replacement therapy, which was initialized shortly after the surgical procedure.

Conclusion

Endovascular treatment through PMT can quickly restore blood flow in the ASE patients. Blood purification through renal replacement therapy is crucial to reduce mortality after restoring blood flow of the limbs.
Correction to: Benefits and harm of systemic steroids for short- and long-term use in rhinitis and rhinosinusitis: an EAACI position paper
Authors: Hox Valerie , Lourijsen Evelijn , Jordens Arnout , Aasbjerg Kristian , Agache Ioana , Alobid Isam , Bachert Claus , Boussery Koen , Campo Paloma , Fokkens Wytske , Hellings Peter , Hopkins Claire , Klimek Ludger , Mäkelä Mika , Mösges Ralph , Mullol Joaquim , Pujols Laura , Rondon Carmen , Rudenko Michael , Toppila-Salmi Sanna , Scadding Glenis , Scheire Sophie , Tomazic Peter-Valentin , Van Zele Thibaut , Wagenmann Martin , van Boven Job F. M. , Gevaert Philippe
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Effectiveness and adverse events of topical and allergen immunotherapy for atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Gómez-Escobar Luis Guillermo , Mora-Ochoa Hansel , Vargas Villanueva Andrea , Spineli Loukia , Sanclemente Gloria , Couban Rachel , García Elizabeth , Chapman Edgardo , Yepes-Nuñez Juan José
Published: September 2020

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory chronic condition that affects the skin of children and adults and has an important impact on the quality of life. Treatments for AD are based on environmental controls, topical and systemic therapies, and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). However, it remains unclear the effectiveness and adverse events of AIT and all conventional topical treatments compared with placebo and each other for AD.

Methods

We will search five electronic databases [Central Cochrane register of controlled trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and LILACS] from inception until November 2019 with no language restriction, and we will include experimental studies [randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and quasi-RCTs]. The primary outcome is global and specific skin symptoms assessment. Secondary outcomes are hospital length of stay, quality of life, and adverse events. Reviewers independently will extract data from the studies that meet our inclusion criteria and will assess the risk of bias of individual primary studies. We will conduct random effects pairwise meta-analyses for the observed pairwise comparisons with at least two trials. Then, we will perform random-effects Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) to obtain treatment effects for all possible comparisons and to provide a hierarchy of all interventions for each outcome. Possible incoherence between direct and indirect sources of evidence will be investigated locally (if possible) and globally. To investigate sources of statistical heterogeneity, we will perform a series of meta-regression analyses based on pre-specified important effect modifiers. Two authors will appraise the certainty of the evidence for each outcome applying the GRADE’s framework for NMA.

Discussion

The findings of this systematic review will shed the light on the effectiveness and adverse events of all possible comparisons for treating AD and on the quality of the collated evidence for recommendations. It will also provide critical information to health care professionals to comprehend and manage this disease at different age stages, treatment type, duration, and severity of atopic dermatitis.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO Protocol ID CRD42019147106
A systematic review of statistical models and outcomes of predicting fatal and serious injury crashes from driver crash and offense history data
Authors: Slikboer Reneta , Muir Samuel D. , Silva S. S. M. , Meyer Denny
Published: September 2020

Background

Expenditure on driver-related behavioral interventions and road use policy is often justified by their impact on the frequency of fatal and serious injury crashes. Given the rarity of fatal and serious injury crashes, offense history, and crash history of drivers are sometimes used as an alternative measure of the impact of interventions and changes to policy. The primary purpose of this systematic review was to assess the rigor of statistical modeling used to predict fatal and serious crashes from offense history and crash history using a purpose-made quality assessment tool. A secondary purpose was to explore study outcomes.

Methods

Only studies that used observational data and presented a statistical model of crash prediction from offense history or crash history were included. A quality assessment tool was developed for the systematic evaluation of statistical quality indicators across studies. The search was conducted in June 2019.

Results

One thousand one hundred and five unique records were identified, 252 full texts were screened for inclusion, resulting in 20 studies being included in the review. The results indicate substantial and important limitations in the modeling methods used. Most studies demonstrated poor statistical rigor ranging from low to middle quality. There was a lack of confidence in published findings due to poor variable selection, poor adherence to statistical assumptions relating to multicollinearity, and lack of validation using new data.

Conclusions

It was concluded that future research should consider machine learning to overcome correlations in the data, use rigorous vetting procedures to identify predictor variables, and validate statistical models using new data to improve utility and generalizability of models.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42019137081
Impact of racism and discrimination on the physical and mental health among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples living in Australia: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Kairuz Camila A. , Casanelia Lisa M. , Bennett-Brook Keziah , Coombes Julieann , Yadav Uday Narayan
Published: September 2020

Background

Racism is increasingly recognised internationally as a key factor contributing to health disparities. A comprehensive body of strong research from international authors has reported negative associations between racism and health outcomes. In Australia, although the literature is more limited, available findings follow global trends. Australia has an identified health gap between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and non-indigenous Australians, and despite efforts to bridge this gap, health inequities continue to exist. This scoping review aims to assess, analyse and synthesise the relationship between racism and discrimination on the physical and mental health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples living in Australia.

Method

This is the study protocol for a scoping review. A systematic search will be conducted using five electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science and the Australia’s National Institute for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Research. The database search will include studies published between 2000 and 2020. Reference lists of the included articles will be searched. Outcome measures will include physical and mental health components including chronic conditions, depression and anxiety, psychological distress, social and emotional difficulties, suicide and health-related outcomes such as wellbeing and life satisfaction. Duplications will be removed, and titles and abstracts will be reviewed to select studies. Full-text screening of preselected studies will be performed by four reviewers independently, to select studies according to inclusion criteria. Included studies will be appraised for quality using appropriate tools tailored for each study design. Data will be extracted, and study findings and characteristics synthesised in a narrative summary.

Discussion

Our scoping review will synthesise the evidence on the impacts of racism and discrimination in relation to the physical and mental health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples living in Australia. These findings could guide future health interventions by addressing the exposure of racism and racial discrimination in order to reduce health disparity. It is anticipated the findings to be of interest to policymakers, researchers, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and community health organisations and other stakeholders interested in optimising public health interventions for and in partnership with Aboriginal and Strait Torres Islander communities of Australia.

Scoping review registration

The protocol for this review has been registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO). The registration ID isCRD42020186193.
Neonatal intra-atrial baffle repair for isolated ventricular inversion with left isomerism: a case report
Authors: Kuwahara Yuta , Takahashi Yukihiro , Komori Yuya , Kabuto Naohiro , Wada Naoki
Published: September 2020

Background

Discordant atrioventricular connection with concordant ventriculoarterial connection, otherwise known as isolated ventricular inversion (IVI), is an extremely rare congenital cardiac malformation. Reports on the corrective surgery for this anomaly in neonates are few, and the procedure is difficult and complicated. Herein, we report our use of atrial septostomy as a palliative procedure followed by corrective surgery for the repair of neonatal IVI with situs ambiguous(inversus) morphology.

Case presentation

A 2-day-old girl weighing 3.5 kg was admitted to our hospital with a low oxygen saturation (SpO2) of 70% She was diagnosed with IVI [situs ambiguous(inversus), D-loop, and D-Spiral], atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), interrupted inferior vena cava with azygos continuation to the left superior vena cava (SVC), and polysplenia by transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography. We planned to perform corrective surgery and decided to first increase interatrial mixing by performing surgical atrial septostomy and PDA ligation 7 days after birth. However, despite the surgical septostomy, pulmonary venous blood flowed toward the right ventricle via the tricuspid valve rather than toward the left-sided atrium and hypoxemia persisted. We decided to perform the intra-atrial switch procedure at the age of 17 days via a re-median sternotomy. The cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit was established with ascending aorta and venous drainage through the SVC and hepatic veins. Utilizing a left-sided atrium(l-A) approach, a bovine pericardial patch was used for the intra-atrial baffle, which was trimmed into a trouser-shaped patch. Continuous suture using the patch was lying from the front of the right-sided upper pulmonary vein and rerouted SVC, hepatic vein, and coronary sinus to the tricuspid valve. Overall, CPB weaning proceeded smoothly; however, direct current cardioversion was performed for junctional ectopic tachycardia. The postoperative course was uneventful. Her postoperative SpO2 improved (approximately 99–100%); overall, the patient showed clinical improvement. Discharge echocardiography showed normal biventricular function and an intact atrial baffle with no venoatrial or atrioventricular obstruction.

Conclusion

We successfully performed an intra-atrial switch procedure for isolated ventricular inversion in a neonate. Long-term follow-up will be necessary to ensure the maintenance of optimal cardiac function.
Incidence and pathophysiologic mechanisms of stroke in the COVID-19 pandemic: the dilemma
Authors: Mohamed Sherif , Abd El-Mohsen Seham , Abo El-Hassan Osama , AbdElHaffez Azza , Abd El-Aziz Nashwa
Published: September 2020

Background

While COVID-19 pandemic affected more than 26 million people worldwide, still, the definite link between COVID-19 and incidence of stroke remains to be re-evaluated.

Main body

Many pathophysiologic and immunologic mechanisms have been implicated in stroke occurring among patients with COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has, in different ways, negative impacts on care of stroke patients worldwide, and still, many challenges are faced by neurologists to improve care of stroke patients during such crisis. In this brief report, we try to discuss these issues.

Conclusions

Although the control of COVID-19 is of crucial importance, at the same time, the management of stroke must not be neglected. Therefore, introducing care for critical conditions such as stroke, and providing strategies to ensure this proceeds, is a priority even at the time of the pandemic.
Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network
Authors: Fiorillo Andrea , Sampogna Gaia , Giallonardo Vincenzo , Del Vecchio Valeria , Luciano Mario , Albert Umberto , Carmassi Claudia , Carrà Giuseppe , Cirulli Francesca , Dell’Osso Bernardo , Nanni Maria Giulia , Pompili Maurizio , Sani Gabriele , Tortorella Alfonso , Volpe Umberto
Published: September 2020

Background

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented traumatic event influencing the healthcare, economic, and social welfare systems worldwide. In order to slow the infection rates, lockdown has been implemented almost everywhere. Italy, one of the countries most severely affected, entered the “lockdown” on March 8, 2020.

Methods

The COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET) network includes 10 Italian university sites and the National Institute of Health. The whole study has three different phases. The first phase includes an online survey conducted between March and May 2020 in the Italian population. Recruitment took place through email invitation letters, social media, mailing lists of universities, national medical associations, and associations of stakeholders (e.g., associations of users/carers). In order to evaluate the impact of lockdown on depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms, multivariate linear regression models were performed, weighted for the propensity score.

Results

The final sample consisted of 20,720 participants. Among them, 12.4% of respondents (N = 2,555) reported severe or extremely severe levels of depressive symptoms, 17.6% (N = 3,627) of anxiety symptoms and 41.6% (N = 8,619) reported to feel at least moderately stressed by the situation at the DASS-21.

According to the multivariate regression models, the depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms significantly worsened from the week April 9–15 to the week April 30 to May 4 (p < 0.0001). Moreover, female respondents and people with pre-existing mental health problems were at higher risk of developing severe depression and anxiety symptoms (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Although physical isolation and lockdown represent essential public health measures for containing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, they are a serious threat for mental health and well-being of the general population. As an integral part of COVID-19 response, mental health needs should be addressed.
Breaking News of Cancer Diagnosis: A Qualitative Study on the Experiences and Emotional Needs of Patients With Cancer in a Multiethnic Asian Setting
Authors: Wong Li-Ping , Kong Yek-Ching , Bhoo-Pathy Nanthini Thevi , Subramaniam Shridevi , Bustamam Ros Suzanna , Taib Nur Aishah , Ho Gwo-Fuang , Zaharah Hafizah , Mellor Matin , Woo Yin-Ling , Yip Cheng-Har , Bhoo-Pathy Nirmala
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE:

The breaking of news of a cancer diagnosis is an important milestone in a patient’s cancer journey. We explored the emotional experiences of patients with cancer during the breaking of news of a cancer diagnosis and the arising needs in a multiethnic Asian setting with limited supportive cancer care services.

METHODS:

Twenty focus group discussions were conducted with 102 Asian patients with cancer from diverse sociodemographic backgrounds. Thematic analysis was performed.

RESULTS:

While most participants, especially younger patients with young children, experienced intense emotional distress upon receiving a cancer diagnosis, those with a family history of cancer were relatively calm and resigned. Nonetheless, the prior negative experience with cancer in the family made affected participants with a family history less eager to seek cancer treatment and less hopeful for a cure. Although a majority viewed the presence of family members during the breaking of bad news as important, a minority opted to face it alone to lessen the emotional impact on their family members. Difficulties disclosing the news of a cancer diagnosis to loved ones also emerged as an important need. Sensitive and empathetic patient-physician communication during the breaking of news of a cancer diagnosis was stressed as paramount.

CONCLUSION:

A patient-centered communication approach needs to be developed to reduce the emotional distress to patients and their families after the breaking of bad news of a cancer diagnosis. This is expected to positively affect the patients’ subsequent coping skills and attitudes toward cancer, which may improve adherence to cancer therapy.
Intratumoral Transcriptome Heterogeneity Is Associated With Patient Prognosis and Sidedness in Patients With Colorectal Cancer Treated With Anti-EGFR Therapy From the CO.20 Trial
Authors: Fontana Elisa , Nyamundanda Gift , Cunningham David , Tu Dongsheng , Cheang Maggie C.U. , Jonker Derek J. , Siu Lillian L. , Sclafani Francesco , Eason Katherine , Ragulan Chanthirika , Bali Maria Antonietta , Hulkki-Wilson Sanna , Loree Jonathan M. , Waring Paul M. , Giordano Mirella , Lawrence Patrick , Rodrigues Daniel Nava , Begum Ruwaida , Shapiro Jeremy D. , Price Timothy J. , Cremolini Chiara , Starling Naureen , Pietrantonio Filippo , Trusolino Livio , O’Callaghan Christopher J. , Sadanandam Anguraj
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE

Metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs) assigned to the transit-amplifying (TA) CRCAssigner subtype are more sensitive to anti–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. We evaluated the association between the intratumoral presence of TA signature (TA-high/TA-low, dubbed as TA-ness classification) and outcomes in CRCs treated with anti-EGFR therapy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The TA-ness classes were defined in a discovery cohort (n = 84) and independently validated in a clinical trial (CO.20; cetuximab monotherapy arm; n = 121) and other samples using an established NanoString-based gene expression assay. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and disease control rate (DCR) according to TA-ness classification were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS

The TA-ness was measured in 772 samples from 712 patients. Patients (treated with anti-EGFR therapy) with TA-high tumors had significantly longer PFS (discovery hazard ratio [HR], 0.40; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.64; P < .001; validation HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.93; P = .018), longer OS (discovery HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.78; P = .003; validation HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.98; P = .04), and higher DCR (discovery odds ratio [OR]; 14.8; 95% CI, 4.30 to 59.54; P < .001; validation OR, 4.35; 95% CI, 2.00 to 9.09; P < .001). TA-ness classification and its association with anti-EGFR therapy outcomes were further confirmed using publicly available data (n = 80) from metastatic samples (PFS P < .001) and patient-derived xenografts ( P = .042). In an exploratory analysis of 55 patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type and left-sided tumors, TA-high class was significantly associated with longer PFS and trend toward higher response rate (PFS HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.28 to 1.00; P = .049; OR, 5.88; 95% CI, 0.71 to 4.55; P = .09; response rate 33% in TA-high and 7.7% in TA-low).

CONCLUSION

TA-ness classification is associated with prognosis in patients with mCRC treated with anti-EGFR therapy and may further help understanding the value of sidedness in patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type tumors.
Peripheral Neuropathies Due to Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies, Toxins, and Medications
Authors: Staff Nathan P.
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Vitamin and mineral deficiencies, neurotoxins, and, particularly, prescription medications, are some of the most common causes of peripheral neuropathy. Recognition and prompt treatment of these neuropathies require a high index of suspicion and an accompanied detailed history. This article provides a comprehensive approach and list of items that must be considered in the setting of new-onset neuropathy.

RECENT FINDINGS

Although many of the neuropathies described in this article have decreased in prevalence in developed countries because of public health interventions and occupational/environmental regulations, new causes for this class of neuropathy continue to be uncovered.

The peripheral nervous system is susceptible to a broad array of metabolic and toxic abnormalities, which most often lead to a length-dependent sensory-predominant axonal peripheral neuropathy. A careful history accompanied by recognition of multisystem clues can increase recognition of these neuropathies, which is important as many have specific treatments that may either improve the neuropathy or halt its progression.
Peripheral Neuropathies Associated With Vasculitis and Autoimmune Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: Karam Chafic
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article discusses peripheral neuropathies associated with vasculitis (isolated or in the setting of systemic vasculitis) and autoimmune connective tissue disease and provides a brief overview of their diagnostic evaluation and management.

RECENT FINDINGS

The classification of systemic vasculitic neuropathy and nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy continues to evolve. Classification according to the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and their subtypes facilitates prognostication and management. Recent research on antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis has added to our understanding of its neurologic complications. The treatment of vasculitis is also evolving, and new nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy classification has impacted the treatment and management of this disorder. New classification criteria for Sjögren syndrome (which commonly causes neurologic complications) facilitate accurate and timely diagnosis.

Vasculitis and autoimmune connective tissue disease are underrecognized and treatable causes of peripheral neuropathy. Furthermore, peripheral neuropathy may reveal an underlying rheumatologic or vasculitic disorder. Rapid recognition and treatment are essential. Familiarity with the diagnosis and treatment of neuropathies in the setting of connective tissue disease and vasculitis reduces morbidity and, in some cases, mortality.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Noninvasive Methods to Measure the Intracranial Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sallam Amr , Abdelaal Ahmed Mahmoud M. Alkhatip Ahmed , Kamel Mohamed Gomaa , Hamza Mohamed Khaled , Yassin Hany Mahmoud , Hosny Hisham , Younis Mohamed I. , Ramadan Eslam , Algameel Haytham Zien , Abdelhaq Mohamed , Abdelkader Mohamed , Mills Kerry E. , Mohamed Hassan
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:

Although invasive monitoring is the standard method for intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement, it is not without potential for serious complications. Noninvasive methods have been proposed as alternatives to invasive ICP monitoring. The study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the currently available noninvasive methods for intracranial hypertension (ICH) monitoring.

METHODS:

We searched 5 databases for articles evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive methods in diagnosing ICH in PubMed, Institute of Science Index, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Embase. The quantitative analysis was conducted if there were at least 2 studies evaluating a specific method. The accuracy measures included the sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio.

RESULTS:

We included 134 articles. Ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (US ONSD) had high diagnostic accuracy (estimated sensitivity of 90%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 87–92, estimated specificity of 88%; 95% CI, 84–91) while the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ONSD had estimated sensitivity of 77%; 95% CI, 64–87 and estimated specificity of 89%; 95% CI, 84–93, and computed tomography (CT) ONSD had estimated sensitivity of 93%; 95% CI, 90–96 and estimated specificity of 79%; 95% CI, 56–92. All MRI signs had a very high estimated specificity ranging from 90% to 99% but a low estimated sensitivity except for sinus stenosis which had high estimated sensitivity as well as specificity (90%; 95% CI, 75–96 and 96%; 95% CI, 91–99, respectively). Among the physical examination signs, pupillary dilation had a high estimated specificity (86%; 95% CI, 76–93). Other diagnostic tests to be considered included pulsatility index, papilledema, transcranial Doppler, compression or absence of basal cisterns, and ≥10 mm midline shift. Setting the cutoff value of ICH to ≥20 mm Hg instead of values <20 mm Hg was associated with higher sensitivity. Moreover, if the delay between invasive and noninvasive methods was within 1 hour, the MRI ONSD and papilledema had a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy compared to the >1 hour subgroup.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study showed several promising tools for diagnosing ICH. Moreover, we demonstrated that using multiple, readily available, noninvasive methods is better than depending on a single sign such as physical examination or CT alone.
Teaching for the Times
Authors: Elliott Matthew
Published: September 2020

This article examines Hisaye Yamamoto’s short story “Wilshire Bus” in light of its pedagogical effectiveness in the contemporary cultural moment. The author argues that “Wilshire Bus,” published in 1950, resonates with many students today by evoking issues such as bullying, racist stereotyping, bystander responsibility, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Voter Turnout with Peer Punishment
Authors: Levine David K. , Mattozzi Andrea
Published: September 2020

We introduce a model where social norms of voting participation are strategically chosen by competing political parties and determine voters’ turnout. Social norms must be enforced through costly peer monitoring and punishment. When the cost of enforcement of social norms is low, the larger party is always advantaged. Otherwise, in the spirit of Olson (1965), the smaller party may be advantaged. Our model shares features of the ethical voter model and it delivers novel and empirically relevant comparative statics results. (JEL D72, Z13)
Misperceived Social Norms: Women Working Outside the Home in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bursztyn Leonardo , González Alessandra L. , Yanagizawa-Drott David
Published: September 2020

We show that the vast majority of young married men in Saudi Arabia privately support women working outside the home (WWOH) and substantially underestimate support by other similar men. Correcting these beliefs increases men’s (costly) willingness to help their wives search for jobs. Months later, wives of men whose beliefs were corrected are more likely to have applied and interviewed for a job outside the home. In a recruitment experiment with a local company, randomly informing women about actual support for WWOH leads them to switch from an at-home temporary enumerator job to a higher-paying, outside-the-home version of the job. (JEL D83, J16, J22, O15, Z13)
The Impact of Insurance Expansions on the Already Insured: The Affordable Care Act and Medicare
Authors: Carey Colleen M. , Miller Sarah , Wherry Laura R.
Published: September 2020

Some states have not adopted the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansions due to concerns that the expansions may impair access to care and utilization for those who are already insured. We investigate such negative spillovers using a large panel of Medicare beneficiaries. Across many subgroups and outcomes, we find no evidence that the expansions reduced utilization among Medicare beneficiaries and can rule out all but very small changes in utilization or spending. These results indicate that the expansions in Medicaid did not impair access to care or utilization for the Medicare population. (JEL G22, H51, I13, I18, I38)
Per-cutaneous dilatation tracheostomy (PCTD) in COVID-19 patients and peri-tracheostomy care: A case series and guidelines
Authors: Khan Ehtesham , Lal Shankar , Hashmi Junaid , Thomas Jubil , Malik Muhammad Anwar
Published: September 2020

Background & Objective: COVID 19 patients with severe respiratory failure may require prolonged mechanical ventilation. Placement of a tracheostomy tube often becomes necessary for such patients. The steps of tracheostomy procedure and post tracheostomy care of these patients can be classified as aerosol generating. We wish to highlight our modified technique to address these issues.

Methods: We performed percutaneous dilation tracheostomy in three clinically challenging COVID-19 patients in our ICU and developed guidelines aiming to minimise aerosolisation during and after the tracheostomy procedure to safeguard healthcare workers.

Results: Percutaneous tracheostomy was performed by a team of three experienced anaesthetists and an ICU nurse.

Conclusion: The decision of surgical or percutaneous tracheostomy should be dependent on the experience of the tracheostomy performer, health-care worker safety, resource availability, and patient-centred care. We believe our modified strategic approach of brief bronchoscopy, minimum PEEP and gas flows and step-wise planned approach for PCDT offers an extra level of safety to healthcare workers.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3518

How to cite this:Khan E, Lal S, Hashmi J, Thomas J, Malik MA. Per-cutaneous dilatation tracheostomy (PCTD) in COVID-19 patients and peri-tracheostomy care: A case series and guidelines. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1714-1718. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3518

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Johann Sebastian Bachs Sammlung von Kantaten seines Vetters Johann Ludwig Bach (II. Teil)
Authors: Scheide William H.
Published: September 2020

Bezugnehmend auf: William H. Scheide: Johann Sebastian Bachs Sammlung von Kantaten seines Vetters Johann Ludwig Bach. BJ 1959, S. 52-94

Darauf bezugnehmend: William H. Scheide: Johann Sebastian Bachs Sammlung von Kantaten seines Vetters Johann Ludwig Bach. Ihre Geschichte und ihr Einfluß auf J. S. Bachs eigene Werke (Schluß). BJ 1962, S. 5-32
Wie entstand Hans Georg Nägelis Bach-Sammlung? Dokumente zur Bach-Renaissance im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Gojowy Detlef
Published: September 2020

Vergleiche auch: Raymond Meylan: Neues zum Musikaliennachlaß von Hans Georg Nägeli. BJ 1996, S. 23-48
Tonartliche Verwandtschaften im Klavierwerk J. S. Bachs
Authors: Siedentopf Henning
Published: September 2020

Dass Werke, die in der gleichen Tonart geschrieben wurden, häufig auch in ihren melodischen Strukturen eine Ähnlichkeit aufweisen, kann als ein etabliertes Ergebnis der Bach-Forschung angesehen werden. Doch wenn Bach in seinen zyklischen Clavierwerken Sätze oder Satzgruppen, die verschiedene Tonarten repräsentieren, verbindet oder kontrastiert, stellt sich die Frage nach weitergehenden Beziehungen und Affinitäten zwischen divergierenden Tonarten. Tatsächlich zeigen Sätze, deren Tonika eine kleine Terz voneinander entfernt sind (z. B. C-Dur und A-Dur), häufig überraschende Ähnlichkeiten, auch wenn sie eine ganz andere kompositorische Ausarbeitung aufweisen. Die kleine Terz - bei Bach auch ein beliebtes Transpositionsintervall - offenbart sich als Mittel der musikalischen Dialektik. Der doppelte Kontrast (bei C-Dur und A-Dur: Bildung der parallelen Molltonart und Umwandlung dieser in Dur) erzeugt die verborgene Affinität. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)
Eine neue Quelle für J. S. Bachs einzeln überlieferte Orgelchoräle
Authors: May Ernest
Published: September 2020

Die Vorstellung von Manuskripten in NBA IV/3, Krit. Bericht, muss im Lichte aktueller Forschungsergebnisse überarbeitet werden. Anstatt auf Bachs verlorene "Sammelmappe" zurückzugehen, lässt sich die Überlieferung der Kirnberger-Sammlung (BWV 690-713a) nur bis zu einer fast vollständigen Sammlung von Bach-Orgelchorälen zurückverfolgen, die J. G. I. Breitkopf Anfang der 1760er Jahre zusammengestellt hat. Ein Versuch, die Bestandteile der Sammlung Breitkopf zu identifizieren, führte zur Entdeckung einer in BG oder NBA nicht berücksichtigten Quelle - Brüssel, Bibliothèque Royale, Ms. II. 3919 (Bestand F.-J.Fétis). Da die so genannte Kirnberger-Sammlungshandschrift (Am. B. 72a) weitgehend eine Kopie der neuen Quelle ist, hängen Authentizität und Text eines Großteils des in der sogenannten Kirnberger-Sammlung überlieferten Repertoires nun fast ausschließlich von der neuen Quelle ab; ihre Zuverlässigkeit in diesen Fragen ist jedoch noch nicht erwiesen. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)
Fragen des Orgelgebrauchs in Bachs Aufführungen der Matthäus-Passion
Authors: Schrammek Winfried
Published: September 2020

Die wiederholte Erforschung der autografen Partitur sowie der Stimmen der Matthäuspassion BWV 244 und eine vergleichende Auswertung der Quellen für die Kantate 161 führt zu einigen neuen Details, aber auch im Wesentlichen zur Bestätigung von Scherings These über Bachs Aufführungspraxis in der Thomaskirche. Demgegenüber bilden die Angaben Bachs über die zu verwendenden Orgelregister einen Ausgangspunkt, von dem aus die Möglichkeit einer Aufführung der Matthäuspassion in der Nikolauskirche diskutiert werden kann. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)
Ein unbekanntes Gutachten Johann Sebastian Bachs
Authors: Hobohm Wolf
Published: September 2020

Heinrich Andreas Cuntzius, Orgelbauer in Halle, forderte in einer Stellungnahme vor dem preußischen Gericht in Berlin den Schutz vor ausländischer Konkurrenz (von Sachsen und Anhalt). Diese Aussage wurde durch einem Zeugnis vom 12. Januar 1748 von Johann Sebastian Bach ergänzt, das die Qualität der Handwerkskunst von Cuntzius als so gut bestätigt, dass kein möglicher Fehler daran gefunden werden könne; nichts sei wünschenswerter, als dass all solche Arbeiten so geschickt ausgeführt würden. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)

 

Vergleiche auch: Reinhold Krause: Noch ein unbekanntes Zeugnis Johann Sebastian Bachs. BJ 1977, S. 73-77

Werner Braun: Ein unbekanntes Orgelbau-Attestat von Johann Sebastian Bach. BJ 1999, S. 19-34
Wann begann die "italienische Reise" des jüngsten Bach-Sohnes?
Authors: Schulze Hans-Joachim
Published: September 2020

Darauf bezugnehmend: Hans-Joachim Schulze: Noch einmal: Wann begann die "italienische Reise" des jüngsten Bach-Sohnes? BJ 1988, S. 235-236
Zu einer Kritik des Thomanerchores von 1749
Authors: Fröde Christine
Published: September 2020

In einer Quelle aus dem Spätherbst 1749 wird erwähnt, dass bei einer kürzlichen Probe keine einziger fähiger Sopran hätte gefunden werden können. Diese Behauptung lässt sich auf Gottlob Harrer zurückführen, den designierten Nachfolger von Bach, der im Juni 1749 eine Bewerbungsprobe gehalten hatte. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)
Johann Sebastian Bachs Briefe an Georg Erdmann
Authors: Pantijelew Grigorij Ja.
Published: September 2020

Präsentiert und kommentiert wird ein Brief von Bach vom 28. Juli 1726, der 1982 wiederentdeckt wurde. In der Folge wird die Biografie von Georg Erdmann betrachtet und die Glaubwürdigkeit von Bachs schriftlichen Äußerungen über ihn diskutiert. Daraus ergeben sich Konsequenzen für die Betrachtung des Verhältnisses von "säkular" und "geistlich" bei Bach und damit für unser heutiges Verständnis seiner Person. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)
Johann Sebastian Bachs Stellung zu Orgelpedalregistern im 32-Fuß-Ton
Authors: Schrammek Winfried
Published: September 2020

Eine Untersuchung von Bach initiierter oder geprüfter Orgelneubauten zeigt, dass er sich von den Instrumenten "die größte Gravität" wünschte. Als wichtige Voraussetzung für die Erreichung dieses Ziels wünschte er sich ein Orgelpedal mit 32'-Registern. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)
Komponierte J. S. Bach "Hammerklavier-Konzerte"?
Authors: Badura-Skoda Eva
Published: September 2020

Hammerflügel und Kielflügel fielen im 18. Jh. gleichermaßen unter den Begriff "Cembalo". Erst ab etwa 1780 haben sich die Ausdrücke "Fortepiano" bzw. "Pianoforte", vor allem im deutsch- und englischsprachigen Raum, eingebürgert. Viele für das "Cembalo" ausgewiesene Werke Johann Sebastian Bachs sind also möglicherweise für einen Hammerflügel komponiert worden, zumal es auch vom Stand der Technik her wahrscheinlich ist, dass Bach schon in den 1730er Jahren Hammerflügel spielte oder sogar besaß. (Konstantin Klatt, Quelle: Bibliographie des Musikschrifttums online)
Bach und Buxtehude
Authors: Schulze Hans-Joachim
Published: September 2020

Der Beitrag stellt eine vermutlich von Johann Christoph Bach angefertigte Abschrift von BuxWV 148 vor, die als Beleg der frühen Buxtehude-Überlieferung in Sachsen und Thüringen, namentlich innerhalb der Bach-Familie, gewertet wird.

 

Erwähnte Artikel: Hans-Joachim Schulze: Johann Christoph Bach (1671-1721), “Organist und Schul-Collega in Ohrdruf”, Johann Sebastian Bachs erster Lehrer. BJ 1985, S. 55-82

Christoph Wolff: Johann Adam Reinken und Johann Sebastian Bach: Zum Kontext des Bachschen Frühwerkes. BJ 1985, S. 99-118
Die Andislebener Bache
Authors: Brück Helga
Published: September 2020

Der Beitrag bietet eine umfassende Übersicht über den nämlichen Familienzweig bis hin zu den heute lebenden Nachfahren.
Kantatentextsammlungen der ersten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts - Texte zur Musik?
Authors: Hobohm Wolf
Published: September 2020

Der Beitrag ist bemüht, dem vorschnellen Schluss zu wehren, ein überlieferter Jahrgang von Kantatentexten des 18. Jahrhunderts lege zwingend nahe, diese seien auch vertont worden bzw. das Vertonen des Textes sei zwingend immer erst nach dessen Veröffentlichung im Druck erfolgt. Entsprechend sind auch die Datierung von Kirchenmusiken anhand solcher Textsammlungen mit Vorsicht vorzunehmen. Einige Beispiele sollen als Beleg dieser Beobachtung dienen.

 

Erwähnte Artikel: Elisabeth Noack: Georg Christian Lehms, ein Textdichter Johann Sebastian Bachs. BJ 1970, S. 7-18

Walter Blankenburg: Eine neue Textquelle zu sieben Kantaten Johann Sebastian Bachs und achtzehn Kantaten Johann Ludwig Bachs. BJ 1977, S. 7-25

Klaus Hofmann: Neue Überlegungen zu Bachs Weimarer Kantaten-Kalender. BJ 1993, S. 9-29

Vergleiche auch: Wolf Hobohm: Neue "Texte zur Leipziger Kirchen-Music". BJ 1973, S. 5-32

Tatjana Schabalina: "Texte zur Music" in Sankt Petersburg. Neue Quellen zur Leipziger Musikgeschichte sowie zur Kompositions- und Aufführungstätigkeit Johann Sebastian Bachs. BJ 2008, S. 33-98

Tatjana Schabalina: "Texte zur Music" in Sankt Petersburg - Weitere Funde. BJ 2009, S. 11-48
Frühe Urteile über Johann Christoph und Johann Nikolaus Bach, mitgeteilt anläßlich der Besetzung der Organistenstelle an der Jenaer Kollegienkirche
Authors: Maul Michael
Published: September 2020

Der Artikel fragt eingangs nach Aussagen angesehener, nicht familiär befangener Zeitgenossen über den Musiker Johann Christoph Bach (1642-1703). Dazu wird eine Bemerkung in einem Aktenfaszikel des Jenaer Universitätsarchivs herangezogen, das unter anderem Aufzeichnungen zur Besetzung des Kantorats an der Kollegienkirche enthält. In einem Empfehlungsschreiben von 1709, das im Anhang vollständig wiedergegeben wird, rät Johann Jakob Syrbius zur Annahme Johann Nikolaus Bachs als Organist und verweist unter anderem auf das Renommee dessen Vaters, J. C. Bach. Weiterhin werden die Person J. N. Bachs und die Bedingungen seiner Jenaer Organistentätigkeit vorgestellt.
Die Akte Johann Günther Bach (1703-1756)
Authors: Lobenstein Albrecht
Published: September 2020

Der Beitrag zeichnet ein Bild des Lebenswegs Johann Günther Bachs.
Neues zu Johann Sebastian Bachs Reisen nach Karlsbad
Authors: Hübner Maria
Published: September 2020

Der Artikel widmet sich den in J. S. Bachs Köthener Zeit vorgenommenen Reisen Fürst Leopolds nach Karlsbad 1718 und 1720, auf denen der Kapellmeister ihn begleitete. Zu beiden Reisen werden Quellen vorgestellt und weiterhin das musikalische und gesellschaftliche Leben in Karlsbad zu dieser Zeit skizziert.

Erwähnte Artikel: Alois Plichta: Johann Sebastian Bach und Johann Adam Graf von Questenberg. BJ 1981, S. 23-28

Eva-Maria Ranft: Ein unbekannter Aufenthalt Johann Sebastian Bachs in Gotha? BJ 1985, S. 165-166

Hans-Joachim Schulze: Johann Sebastian Bach und Zerbst 1722: Randnotizen zu einer verlorenen Gastmusik. BJ 2004, S. 209-213
Ein Brief von Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach an Adam Friedrich Oeser
Authors: Hübner Maria
Published: September 2020

Ein kürzlich aufgefundener Brief C. P. E. Bachs an den Direktor der Leipziger Kunstakademie gibt Anlass, dessen Rolle im Umfeld von Bach und Breitkopf zu beleuchten. Dabei wird auch die Rolle von C. P. E. Bachs jüngstem Sohn, Johann Sebastian (1748-1778) thematisiert.

 

Erwähnte Artikel: Maria Hübner: Der Zeichner Johann Sebastian Bach d. J. (1748 bis 1778). Zu seinem 250. Geburtstag. BJ 1998, S. 187-200

Barbara Wiermann: Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach und Adam Friedrich Oeser - Eine Ergänzung. BJ 2008, S. 334-336
Johann Sebastian Bach und die Universität Leipzig - Neue Quellen (Teil I)
Authors: Glöckner Andreas
Published: September 2020

Der Text behandelt nacheinander Aktivitäten J. S. Bachs zu den Reparaturen und Umbauten an der Scheibe-Orgel in der Leipziger Universitätskirche seit 1717 und zur figuralen Kirchenmusik an den ungeprägten Sonntagen des Kirchenjahres; Vorbehalte und Streitigkeiten betreffend figurale Passionsmusik ebenso wie die Aufführung der Motette Der Geist hilft unser Schwachheit auf BWV 226 in der Universitätskirche; Details zur Finanzierung dortiger Musikaufführungen sowie Bachs Zeugnisse für verschiedene Stipendiaten unter seinen Thomasschülern.

 

Vergleiche auch: Bernhard Friedrich Richter: Joh. Seb. Bach und die Universität zu Leipzig. BJ 1925, S. 1-10