bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Envelhecimento ativo e sua relação com a independência funcional
Authors: Ferreira Olívia Galvão Lucena , Maciel Silvana Carneiro , Costa Sônia Maria Gusmão , Silva Antonia Oliveira , Moreira Maria Adelaide Silva Paredes
Published: October 2012

O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar os fatores determinantes de um envelhecimento ativo e sua relação com a independência funcional. A pesquisa foi realizada com 100 idosos de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família, em João Pessoa-PB. Como instrumentos para a avaliação dos idosos foram utilizados a Medida de Independência Funcional e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os dados foram analisados através do software SPSS. De acordo com os resultados, todos os idosos apresentaram independência funcional para a realização das atividades analisadas. Os dados mostraram também que a independência funcional promove uma maior inserção dos idosos na comunidade, através do fortalecimento dos vínculos sociais e familiares, da amizade e do lazer, sendo estes fatores considerados como determinantes para um envelhecimento ativo.
Qualidade de vida e trauma psíquico em vítimas da violência por arma de fogo
Authors: Mello-Silva Ana Cláudia Carvalho , Brasil Virginia Visconde , Minamisava Ruth , Oliveira Lizete Malagoni de Almeida Cavalcante , Cordeiro Jacqueline Andrea Bernardes Leão , Barbosa Maria Alves
Published: October 2012

A violência por arma de fogo pode induzir estresse pós-traumático e redução da qualidade de vida. Estudo descritivo analisou a qualidade de vida e sintomas de Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático de adultos jovens vítimas de violência interpessoal por arma de fogo. Os instrumentos WHOQOL-Bref e PCL-C foram aplicados em 95 vítimas no ano 2007, no principal hospital de referência em urgência de Goiânia, Brasil. Os Domínios Meio Ambiente e Físico da qualidade de vida apresentaram os menores escores (44,71 e 48,26, respectivamente). Sintomas de Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático foram identificados em 60% dos casos, mas não foi detectada diferença das médias dos escores dos Domínios entre os indivíduos com e sem sintomas de Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático. O trauma decorrente da violência entre vítimas de violência por arma de fogo pode resultar em escores relativamente baixos de qualidade de vida e alta prevalência de sintomas de Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático.
Práticas educativas em diabetes mellitus: compreendendo as competências dos profissionais da saúde
Authors: Santos Laura , Torres Heloísa de Carvalho
Published: October 2012

O objetivo desse estudo foi compreender as competências necessárias aos profissionais de saúde nas práticas educativas em Diabetes tipo 2 na Atenção Primária. Um total de dez profissionais de saúde inseridos em Unidades Básicas de Belo Horizonte-MG, participaram de entrevistas e grupos focais. Os achados foram organizados a partir da identificação das seguintes categorias: importância das práticas educativas; conhecimentos; habilidades; e atitudes. Este estudo mostra a importância de se reorientar as competências dos profissionais de saúde nas práticas educativas em diabetes, por meio de capacitação, de educação permanente e do fortalecimento do trabalho em equipe.
Experiências e expectativas de mulheres submetidas à histerectomia
Authors: Merighi Miriam Aparecida Barbosa , Oliveira Deíse Moura de , Jesus Maria Cristina Pinto de , Hoga Luiza Akiko Komura , Pedroso Anabella Garofalo de Oliveira
Published: October 2012

Este estudo objetivou compreender as experiências e expectativas de mulheres submetidas à histerectomia. O referencial filosófico do estudo foi a Fenomenologia Social de Alfred Schütz. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com dez mulheres que realizaram histerectomia eletiva. A análise dos depoimentos mostrou que a mulher, diante da necessidade da histerectomia, evoca mitos e constructos sociais referentes à retirada do útero e transcende-os, decidindo pela cirurgia em decorrência dos sinais e sintomas vivenciados em seu cotidiano. Ao ser submetida à histerectomia, experiencia um processo positivo de mudanças, com melhora na vida sexual e nas relações sociais. Tem como projeto a busca por qualidade de vida, considerando as necessidades biopsicossociais vivenciadas nesse período do ciclo vital. O conhecimento das vivências da mulher após histerectomizada oferece subsídios aos profissionais de saúde que cuidam dessa clientela, sinalizando ações conforme suas experiências e expectativas de cuidado.
Abandono do tratamento da tuberculose e integralidade da atenção na estratégia saúde da família
Authors: Alves Rayanne Santos , Souza Káren Mendes Jorge de , Oliveira Annelissa Andrade Virgínio de , Palha Pedro Fredemir , Nogueira Jordana de Almeida , Sá Lenilde Duarte de
Published: October 2012

Estudo qualitativo que objetivou analisar os motivos que levam o doente de tuberculose a abandonar o tratamento, em municípios da região metropolitana de João Pessoa-PB. Como referencial teórico utilizou-se a integralidade do cuidado. Os dados foram coletados no período de outubro a novembro de 2008, mediante entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram nove usuários que abandonaram o tratamento da tuberculose. Na identificação das unidades de significação, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram inconsistências relacionadas ao cuidado integral do doente, no que tange à diretriz doutrinária do Sistema Único da Saúde, à consideração do contexto sócio-cultural do usuário com tuberculose e às debilidades na continuidade da atenção, mediante inadequado acompanhamento do mesmo na rede de atenção à saúde. Esses aspectos, ao dificultarem a construção de uma rede de cuidado e apoio ao doente de tuberculose e sua família, contribuem para o abandono do tratamento da tuberculose.
Análise do cuidado de enfermagem e da participação dos familiares na atenção paliativa oncológica
Authors: Silva Marcelle Miranda da , Moreira Marléa Chagas , Leite Joséte Luzia , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini
Published: October 2012

O estudo objetivou analisar, por meio da visão dos familiares, o cuidado de enfermagem prestado ao cliente acometido por câncer avançado, no período da internação hospitalar, bem como a sua participação neste cuidado. Estudo exploratório, qualitativo, que utilizou a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista semiestruturada, no Hospital do Câncer IV - Brasil. Participaram oito familiares. Da análise emergiram três categorias: Analisando o cuidado de enfermagem prestado ao cliente com câncer avançado no dia a dia da internação hospitalar; Ressaltando a importância da sua presença no contexto; e Manifestando o ser familiar que cuida e precisa ser cuidado. Os familiares valorizam que o cuidado de enfermagem seja empático, com bom humor, competente, pautado na comunicação; participam do cuidado e podem apresentar necessidades de ordem física e psicossocial. A enfermagem deve contribuir para o estreitamento das relações com os familiares, e buscar atender suas necessidades, visando a qualidade do cuidado.
Reflexões acerca da integralidade nas reformas sanitária e agrária
Authors: Bergamaschi Fabiana Perez Rodrigues , Teles Sheila Araujo , Souza Adenícia Custódia Silva e , Nakatami Adélia Yaeko Kyosen
Published: October 2012

Trata-se de um ensaio reflexivo com o objetivo de discutir as reformas agrária e sanitária do ponto de vista da integralidade da atenção à saúde das famílias assentadas. No desenvolvimento desta reflexão identificou-se que tanto a reforma agrária quanto a sanitária apresentaram, desde sua concepção, o desejo por diminuir as injustiças sociais, alcançar a integralidade e o bem-estar dos indivíduos e famílias, seja no contexto da primeira, voltada para os indivíduos e famílias sem terra, ou da segunda, voltada para todos os indivíduos e famílias em geral. Entretanto observou-se nestes dois contextos de reforma política e social ações desintegradas e desarticuladas, pautadas em interesses econômicos, corroborando para a marginalização da população rural no âmbito da atenção à saúde e principalmente da integralidade desta.
Investigación sobre el cotidiano del sujeto: oportunidades para una ciencia aplicada
Authors: Amezcua Manuel , Zambrano Sandra Milena Hernández
Published: October 2012

Desde un modelo de investigación emergente, la Investigación Aplicada a los Cuidados, se propone reflexionar sobre una de las áreas de indagación: la Investigación sobre el Cotidiano del Sujeto. El cotidiano del sujeto se conceptualiza como un espacio de interacción social donde las personas ejercen autonomía para tomar decisiones y ejecutar acciones para cuidar su salud. A través de diseños principalmente cualitativos, la Investigación sobre el Cotidiano del Sujeto aporta evidencias útiles y pertinentes para la práctica enfermera porque hablan del contexto y desde la perspectiva de los sujetos. Estas evidencias pueden encuadrarse en cuatro grandes dimensiones: la comprensión del padecimiento humano ante la enfermedad, la cultura del cuidado, la percepción sobre las intervenciones en salud, y el cotidiano del cuidador. Finalmente se plantean algunos desafíos que nos propone la Investigación sobre el Cotidiano del Sujeto e implican tres dimensiones imprescindibles en el ejercicio del cuidado: la dimensión ética, política y científica.
Influência da vitamina C na modulação autonômica cardíaca no repouso e durante o exercício isométrico em crianças obesas
Authors: Lira Fabio Alexandre dos Santos , Brasileiro-Santos Maria do Socorro , Borba Vanessa Vieira Lopes , Costa Maria José Carvalho , Dantas Pricilla Regina Oliveira Fernandes , Santos Amilton da Cruz
Published: October 2012

OBJETIVOS: comparar, entre obesos e eutróficos, os parâmetros de modulação autonômica cardíaca e analisar o efeito da suplementação da vitamina C na modulação autonômica cardíaca em crianças obesas, no repouso e durante o exercício isométrico respectivamente. MÉTODOS: participaram oito crianças eutróficas (IMC = 18 ± 1Kg/cm²) e 21 obesas (IMC = 29 ± 1Kg/cm²), com idade entre 8 e 11 anos, ambos os gêneros, distribuídas em dois grupos: suplementadas com 500 mg de vitamina C (n=11), e placebo (n=10), durante 45 dias. Modulação autonômica cardíaca foi avaliada por análise espectral da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em repouso e durante o exercício isométrico. RESULTADOS: crianças obesas, no repouso e durante o exercício isométrico, apresentaram uma maior ativação simpática cardíaca e uma menor atividade vagal. Quando se comparou os componentes espectrais de baixa e alta frequência entre os grupos avaliados, observaram-se diferenças significativas. Após suplementação com vitamina C, os componentes espectrais foram similares àqueles observados nas crianças eutróficas, tanto no repouso como durante o exercício isométrico. CONCLUSÕES: crianças obesas apresentam uma maior atividade simpática e menor atividade vagal no repouso e durante o exercício isométrico quando comparada as crianças eutróficas. Como também, a suplementação oral com vitamina C, em altas doses, pode restaurar a disfunção autonômica cardíaca em crianças obesas.
Atividade eletromiográfica do músculo bíceps braquial de recém nascidos pré-termo submetidos à posição canguru
Authors: Diniz Kaísa Trovão , Miranda Rafael Moura , Andrade Daniela Fernanda Lins de , Silva Diogo André Rodrigues Galdino , Cavalcanti Priscila Lacerda , Vasconcelos Danilo de Almeida , Lima Geise Maria Souza , Barradas Juliana , Cabral Filho José Eulálio
Published: October 2012

OBJETIVOS: avaliar o perfil da atividade eletromiográfica do músculo bíceps braquial de recém nascidos pré-termo (RNPT) antes de realizarem a posição canguru e até 48h após a permanência nesta posição. MÉTODOS: coorte prospectivo, avaliando 20 RNPT internados no alojamento mãe canguru do Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, PE. A atividade eletromiográfica do músculo bíceps braquial foi avaliada imediatamente antes de sua introdução à posição canguru, sendo acompanhados a cada 24h durante três dias consecutivos. O registro era feito no período de um minuto com eletromiógrafo. Eram colocados eletrodos auto-colantes entre o ponto motor e a junção miotendínea. Para comparação dos valores médios foi usado análise de variância para medidas repetidas. RESULTADOS: a atividade eletromiográfica diferiu estatisticamente entre os intervalos [F(3,67)=6,01; p=0,005], sendo que em 48 h foi maior do que em 0h, mas não em 24 h. CONCLUSÕES: a posição canguru é capaz de induzir um aumento da atividade eletromiográfica em crianças pré-termo.
Política e economia na jurisdição constitucional abstrata (1999-2004)
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo Silveira
Published: October 2012

O presente artigo insere-se na área de investigação denominada política judicial. A partir da hipótese de que o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) age como órgão de governo, testou-se a influência de variáveis política, econômica e jurídica nos julgamentos das Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade por Ação entre os anos 1999 e 2004. Para isso, foi construído um banco de dados com julgamentos de 162 casos envolvendo decisões em questões de Estado e, através da utilização do modelo estatístico de regressão logística, chegou-se a conclusões significativas: o STF é sensível a determinados atores em detrimento de outros, declara a inconstitucionalidade quando a norma traz impacto negativo nas finanças do Estado e julga de acordo com a agenda do presidente. Como conclusão, verificou-se que a Corte possui um comportamento múltiplo, ora se deixando influenciar por variáveis jurídicas, ora decidindo por motivações de ordem política ou econômica, segundo a lógica evidenciada acima.
Os quilombos perante o STF: a emergência de uma jurisprudência dos direitos étnicos (ADIN 3.239-9)
Authors: Camerini João Carlos Bemerguy
Published: October 2012

O STF apreciará este ano a ADIN nº 3.239-9, na qual se discute a interpretação do direito das comunidades remanescentes de quilombos à titulação de suas terras (art. 68 do ADCT). Para além de prenunciar impactos sociais sobremodo relevantes, notadamente no mercado de terras, essa ação recoloca a Corte Suprema brasileira face aos dilemas da jurisdição constitucional, tais como a sua legitimidade democrática, o seu compromisso com a concretização dos direitos fundamentais, além da necessidade de forçá-la a perscrutar as consequências materiais de suas decisões. A partir da demonstração da tese da fundamentabilidade do direito às terras quilombolas e da crítica às teorias liberal-positivistas da jurisdição e da interpretação, este artigo visa demarcar as questões principais desse processo judicial, cujo enfrentamento se impõe, segundo métodos hermenêuticos adequados, se o tribunal quiser chegar a um provimento final efetivo, isto é, ser capaz de promover a pacificação social e promover a eficácia dos direitos fundamentais, que consubstanciam a razão última da função jurisdicional no contexto do Estado Constitucional.
Análise descritiva por ordenação: aplicação na caracterização sensorial de biscoitos laminados salgados
Authors: Carnelocce Lorena , Seibel Neusa Fátima , Prudencio Sandra Helena , Benassi Marta de Toledo
Published: October 2012

A Análise Descritiva por Ordenação (ADO) foi aplicada na caracterização de biscoitos cream cracker e água e sal comerciais, empregando julgadores pré-selecionados, mas sem experiência prévia em análise sensorial. O método compreendeu as etapas de levantamento e conceituação dos atributos, treinamento qualitativo e análise final, utilizando o procedimento de ordenação. Para verificação da eficiência na discriminação das amostras, o procedimento de ordenação foi comparado ao uso de escala não estruturada. Dados de caracterização instrumental de textura e cor foram comparados aos obtidos na descrição sensorial dos biscoitos. Análise Procrustes Generalizada foi utilizada na avaliação dos dados de ordenação ou escala, e os resultados da ordenação foram também avaliados por Teste de Friedman. A eficiência da equipe e a configuração das amostras foram similares no procedimento de ordenação e com o uso de escala. Após um treinamento qualitativo e uma avaliação inicial das amostras por um procedimento de ordenação, os julgadores não apresentaram divergência de comportamento, mesmo empregando um procedimento mais difícil (uso de escala). Cor e aroma de assado e sabor tostado, aroma de manteiga e sabor amanteigado, crocância (manual e na boca) e uniformidade da cor foram os atributos mais importantes na discriminação. A ADO permitiu a caracterização e a discriminação de modo concordante com a composição indicada no rótulo dos produtos e os resultados instrumentais de textura e cor.
Análises químicas em flocos de quinoa: caracterização para a utilização em produtos alimentícios
Authors: Gewehr Márcia Flach , Danelli Daiane , Melo Lívia Marchi de , Flôres Simone Hickmann , Jong Erna Vogt de
Published: October 2012

A quinoa é um pseudocereal, cultivada principalmente na região andina. Tem sido descrita como uma importante fonte de proteínas de alta digestibilidade e apresenta composição equilibrada de aminoácidos e alto teor de lipídios, principalmente ácidos graxos insaturados. Atrai a atenção dos pesquisadores por causa da sua superior qualidade nutricional em relação a outros cereais. A caracterização química dos flocos de quinoa foi feita por meio da determinação de umidade, cinzas, lipídios, composição de ácidos graxos, proteínas, aminograma, fibras e suas frações, tocoferóis, sódio, cálcio, ferro, zinco e fósforo. Os flocos apresentaram altos teores de proteína, fibras, fósforo e ferro, quando comparados com o que a legislação vigente determina. Houve equilíbrio no balanceamento de aminoácidos e entre fibras solúveis e insolúveis. Na composição de ácidos graxos, destacou-se o oleico, sendo este imprescindível à saúde. Pelos resultados obtidos nas análises, deve-se explorar o uso desse pseudocereal em produtos alimentícios com a finalidade de agregar valor nutricional e produzir alimentos que contribuam para o bem-estar e a saúde do indivíduo.
Qualidade de vida n(d)o trabalho: um conceito político e polissêmico
Authors: Lacaz Francisco Antonio de Castro
Published: October 2012

Neste texto objetiva-se chamar atenção para a historicidade e a polissemia do conceito de Qualidade de Vida n(d)o trabalho (QVT) ou, melhor dizendo, Qualidade do Trabalho (QT) e seu caráter político, na medida em que envolve interesses de classe contraditórios; na perspectiva de colocá-lo num patamar de discussão que questiona a abordagem 'clínica' comumente adotada pelo capital e que coloca como principal estratégia a mudança de 'hábitos' dos indivíduos. Assim, desloca-se a discussão para a categoria 'controle' sobre os processos de trabalho, na perspectiva dos coletivos de trabalhadores, o que permite articular o conceito à noção de que atingir a QVT envolve um embate político que é dado pela correlação de forças capital-trabalho, em sociedades concretas. Neste sentido, mesmo que se considere incompatível pensar em QVT numa realidade de precariedade do trabalho (e de direitos), advoga-se que a introdução no debate de um outro 'olhar' sobre a questão, o qual também tem um forte caráter político, contra-hegemônico, pode contribuir para o enfrentamento do 'discurso único' e da prática a ele acoplada, as quais são defendidas como sendo 'o' modelo de abordagem da QVT por parte das empresas e dos intelectuais da própria academia que as assessoram.
Low Mg/Ca ratio alters material properties in sea urchin larvae skeleton
Authors: Lemloh Marie-Louise , Burghard Zaklina , Forien Jean-Baptiste , Bill Joachim , Brümmer Franz
Published: October 2012

Biomineralization in organisms is strictly regulated, and therefore, chemical compositions as well as crystal structures of the minerals are species specific. During the embryonic development, sea urchin larvae produce a calcite endoskeleton (spicules) that contains about 5% of Mg. For sea urchins and other organisms, it is assumed that Mg is important for the process of biomineralization and for the mechanical properties of the resulting biomineral. To study the influence of Mg on skeletal growth and on biomineral structure and composition, sea urchin larvae spicules were chosen as an in vivo test system. For this purpose, the Mg/Ca ratio was modified in the artificial seawater medium wherein sea urchin larvae were growing. It was shown that Mg deficiency during larval development caused morphology defects of the larvae and of their calcite spicules. The Mg distribution within the larvae skeleton was analyzed and found to be homogenous. An in vivo reduction of the Mg content influenced the mechanical performance of larval spicules (Young’s modulus and hardness). The investigations of larvae exposed to reduced Mg conditions highlight the important role Mg plays for sea urchin larvae development, biomineralization process and the resulting biomineral. The sea urchin larvae are presented as an ideal model to study different effects on larval development and morphology, especially on the biomineral properties.
EFFECTS OF PRE‐TRIAL RESPONSE REQUIREMENTS ON SELF‐CONTROL CHOICES BY RATS AND PIGEONS
Authors: Mazur James E.
Published: October 2012

Parallel experiments with rats and pigeons examined whether the size of a pre‐trial ratio requirement would affect choices in a self‐control situation. In different conditions, either 1 response or 40 responses were required before each trial. In the first half of each experiment, an adjusting‐ratio schedule was used, in which subjects could choose a fixed‐ratio schedule leading to a small reinforcer, or an adjusting‐ratio schedule leading to a larger reinforcer. The size of the adjusting ratio requirement was increased and decreased over trials based on the subject's responses, in order to estimate an indifference point—a ratio at which the two alternatives were chosen about equally often. The second half of each experiment used an adjusting‐delay procedure—fixed and adjusting delays to the small and large reinforcers were used instead of ratio requirements. In some conditions, particularly with the reinforcer delays, the rats had consistently longer adjusting delays with the larger pre‐trial ratios, reflecting a greater tendency to choose the larger, delayed reinforcer when more responding was required to reach the choice point. No consistent effects of the pre‐trial ratio were found for the pigeons in any of the conditions. These results may indicate that rats are more sensitive to the long‐term reinforcement rates of the two alternatives, or they may result from a shallower temporal discounting rate for rats than for pigeons, a difference that has been observed in previous studies.
Detection and Assessment of Chemical Hormesis on the Radial Growth in Vitro of Oomycetes and Fungal Plant Pathogens
Authors: Flores Francisco J. , Garzon Carla D.
Published: October 2012

Although plant diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and protists, most are caused by fungi and fungus-like oomycetes. Intensive use of fungicides with the same mode of action can lead to selection of resistant strains increasing the risk of unmanageable epidemics. In spite of the integrated use of nonchemical plant disease management strategies, agricultural productivity relies heavily on the use of chemical pesticides and biocides for disease prevention and treatment and sanitation of tools and substrates. Despite the prominent use of fungi in early hormesis studies and the continuous use of yeast as a research model, the relevance of hormesis in agricultural systems has not been investigated by plant pathologists, until recently. A protocol was standardized for detection and assessment of chemical hormesis in fungi and oomycetes using radial growth as endpoint. Biphasic dose-responses were observed in Pythium aphanidermatum exposed to subinhibitory doses of ethanol, cyazofamid, and propamocarb, and in Rhizoctonia zeae exposed to ethanol. This report provides an update on chemical hormesis in fungal plant pathogens and a perspective on the potential risks it poses to crop productivity and global food supply.
Herbicide Phosphinothricin Causes Direct Stimulation Hormesis
Authors: Dragićević Milan , Platiša Jelena , Nikolić Radomirka , Todorović Slađana , Bogdanović Milica , Mitić Nevena , Simonović Ana
Published: October 2012

Herbicide phosphinothricin (PPT) inhibits glutamine synthetase (GS), a key enzyme in nitrogen assimilation, thus causing ammonia accumulation, glutamine depletion and eventually plant death. However, the growth response of Lotus corniculatus L. plants immersed in solutions with a broad range of PPT concentrations is biphasic, with pronounced stimulating effect on biomass production at concentrations ≤ 50 μM and growth inhibition at higher concentrations. The growth stimulation at low PPT concentrations is a result of activation of chloroplastic isoform GS2, while the growth suppression is caused by inhibition of both cytosolic GS1 and GS2 at higher PPT concentrations. Since the results are obtained in cell-free system (e.g. protein extracts), to which the principles of homeostasis are not applicable, this PPT effect is an unambiguous example of direct stimulation hormesis. A detailed molecular mechanism of concentration-dependent interaction of both PPT and a related GS inhibitor, methionine sulfoximine, with GS holoenzymes is proposed. The mechanism is in concurrence with all experimental and literature data.
Effect of Low dose Radiation on Differentiation of Bone Marrow Cells into Dendritic Cells
Authors: Chun Sung Hak , Park Ga-Young , Han Yu Kyeong , Kim Sung Dae , Kim Joong Sun , Lee Chang Geun , Yang Kwangmo
Published: October 2012

Low dose radiation has been shown to be beneficial to living organisms using several biological systems, including immune and hematopoietic systems. Chronic low dose radiation was shown to stimulate immune systems, resulting in controlling the proliferation of cancer cells, maintain immune balance and induce hematopoietic hormesis. Since dendritic cells are differentiated from bone marrow cells and are key players in maintaining the balance between immune activation and tolerance, it may be important to further characterize whether low dose radiation can influence the capacity of bone marrow cells to differentiate into dendritic cells. We have shown that bone marrow cells from low dose-irradiated (γ-radiation, 0.2Gy, 15.44mGy/h) mice can differentiate into dendritic cells that have several different characteristics, such as expression of surface molecules, cytokine secretion and antigen uptake capacity, when compared to dentritic cells differentiated from the control bone marrow cells. These differences observed in the low dose radiation group can be beneficial to living organisms either by activation of immune responses to foreign antigens or tumors, or maintenance of self-tolerance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that total-body low dose radiation can modulate the capacity of bone marrow cells to differentiate into dendritic cells.
Sludge of wastewater treatment plants as Co2+ ions sorbent
Authors: Frišták Vladimír , Pipiška Martin , Horník Miroslav , Augustín Jozef , Lesný Juraj
Published: October 2012

Sludges produced in huge amounts by wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) display high fertility properties; however, the presence of heavy metals restricts their use for agricultural purposes. Sorption capacity of sludge is generally much higher and it can also be considered as a cheap sorbent of heavy metals. The paper describes cobalt sorption by dried activated sludge (DAS) obtained from the aerobic phase of a WWTP. DAS was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) analysis. Sorption capacity of DAS (Q eq) increased with the initial concentration (C 0) of Co2+ (CoCl2) within the range from 100 μmol g−1 to 4000 μmol g−1, reaching 15 μmol g−1 and 200 μmol g−1, respectively. The maximum uptake capacity (Q max) at pH 6.0 calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model was (256 ± 9) μmol g−1 for Co2+ ions. Obtained Q values were dependent on pH within the range from 3.0 to 7.0. Competitive effect of other bivalent cations such as Ni2+ in Co2+ sorption equilibrium was confirmed; which is in agreement with the hypothesis of the decisive role of ion-exchange mechanism in metal sorption. The obtained data are discussed from the point of view of potential utilization of sludges as sorbents, i.e. in non-agricultural application.
Improvement of aquatic pollutant partition coefficient correlations using 1D molecular descriptors — chlorobenzene case study
Authors: Maria Cristina , Tociu Carmen , Maria Gheorghe
Published: October 2012

Partition coefficients between environmental compartments are essential parameters in any predictive models on pollutants’ fate in various emission scenarios. When sufficient experimental data are not available, empirical algebraic models are capable of predicting the pollutant partitioning characteristics based on bulk physico-chemical properties or various molecular structural features. When the use of sophisticated rules based on detailed 2D–3D molecular descriptors is not available as a quick option, inexpensive, simple correlations based solely on octanol-1-ol (octanol)-water partition coefficients (K ow) are extensively employed. The present study investigates enhancing the adequacy of such hydrophobicity-based models by adding simple 1D descriptors, readily identifiable by inspecting the substance structure (i.e. the number of chlorine atoms bound to aromatic rings, or the number of aromatic 5- or 6-atom rings, etc.), in addition to the pollutant’s solubility in water. Exemplification is made for predicting the water-biota (fish)-sediment partition coefficients for chlorobenzenes (CBz).
Effect of Exercise and Weight Loss in People Who Have Hip Osteoarthritis and Are Overweight or Obese: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Paans Nienke , van den Akker-Scheek Inge , Dilling Roelien G. , Bos Martine , van der Meer Klaas , Bulstra Sjoerd K. , Stevens Martin
Published: October 2012

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder in the world and is recognized as a substantial source of disability. For people with OA of the knee, exercise in combination with weight loss is a proven, effective, conservative treatment option, yet evidence is lacking for people with hip OA.

Objective

The aim of this study was to obtain preliminary evidence of the effect of a program of exercise in combination with weight loss on physical function in people who have hip OA and are overweight or obese.

Design

This investigation was a prospective cohort study.

Methods

Thirty-five people who were 25 years or older, had clinical and radiological evidence of hip OA, and were overweight or obese (body mass index of >25 kg/m2) were included. They participated in an 8-month program of exercise in combination with weight loss. A body mass index of 40 kg/m2 was used as the upper limit. The primary outcome was self-reported physical function, as measured with a subscale of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. Secondary outcome measures included pain and walking tests as quantitative measures of function.

Results

Participation in the combination program resulted in a 32.6% improvement in self-reported physical function after 8 months, a finding that could be considered clinically relevant. Significant improvements also were seen in pain and on walking tests.

Limitations

The lack of a control group was a limitation of this study.

Conclusions

This appears to be the first study investigating the effect of exercise and weight loss as a combination treatment in people with hip OA. The results provide preliminary evidence that this combination treatment is effective in people with hip OA.
Microsized subsurface modification of mono-crystalline silicon via non-linear absorption
Authors: Parsi Sreenivas V. V. , Bülters M. , Bergmann R. B.
Published: October 2012

We introduce a novel method of optically inducing microsized subsurface structures using non-linear absorption of near infrared light in mono-crystalline silicon. We discuss the physical processes such as multi-photon absorption and self focussing in the material. The results presented in this paper demonstrate a new method of subsurface modifications in silicon and may open up novel avenues for optical devices embedded in silicon and optical process for the separation of wafers from their ingots.
Nazi Crimes and their Lingering Impact
Authors: Bendix John
Published: October 2012

Alexander von Plato, Almut Leh and Christopher Thonfeld, eds., Hitler’s

Slaves: Life Stories of Forced Labourers in Nazi-Occupied Europe (New York:

Berghahn Books, 2010)

Frank Biess and Robert Moeller, eds., Histories of the Aftermath: The Legacies

of the Second World War in Europe (New York: Berghahn Books, 2010)
Spinal intradural teratomas: developmental programs gone awry?
Authors: Kalani M. Yashar S. , Iyer Sudarshan , Coons Stephen W. , Smith Kris A.
Published: October 2012

Intradural spinal teratomas are rare tumors of the spinal cord that are infrequently encountered in children. Although the mechanistic basis for the formation of these tumors is unclear, several lines of evidence suggest that a dysembryogenic process in the embryo results in their formation. The authors present a case of spinal intradural teratoma in an 18-year-old, previously healthy man and review the literature linking the development of these tumors to defects in neurulation and embryogenesis.
Joan Salvador and James Petiver: the last years (1715–1718) of their scientific correspondence
Authors: Camarasa Josep M. , Ibáñez Neus
Published: October 2012

At the time of the war of the Spanish Succession (1705–1714), Joan Salvador and James Petiver, two apothecaries with an impassioned interest in understanding nature, began a long and fruitful correspondence that would only come to an end with Petiver's death in 1718. A previous paper sets out and discusses these two naturalists’ correspondence (which is quite exceptionally complete) during the wartime period between the end of 1706 and the fall of Barcelona on 11 September 1714. This paper completes the review and discussion of their correspondence up until the death of Petiver in 1718.
Darwin's two competing phylogenetic trees: marsupials as ancestors or sister taxa?
Authors: Archibald J. David
Published: October 2012

Studies of the origin and diversification of major groups of plants and animals are contentious topics in current evolutionary biology. This includes the study of the timing and relationships of the two major clades of extant mammals – marsupials and placentals. Molecular studies concerned with marsupial and placental origin and diversification can be at odds with the fossil record. Such studies are, however, not a recent phenomenon. Over 150 years ago Charles Darwin weighed two alternative views on the origin of marsupials and placentals. Less than a year after the publication of On the origin of species, Darwin outlined these in a letter to Charles Lyell dated 23 September 1860. The letter concluded with two competing phylogenetic diagrams. One showed marsupials as ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals, whereas the other showed a non-marsupial, non-placental as being ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals. These two diagrams are published here for the first time. These are the only such competing phylogenetic diagrams that Darwin is known to have produced. In addition to examining the question of mammalian origins in this letter and in other manuscript notes discussed here, Darwin confronted the broader issue as to whether major groups of animals had a single origin (monophyly) or were the result of “continuous creation” as advocated for some groups by Richard Owen. Charles Lyell had held similar views to those of Owen, but it is clear from correspondence with Darwin that he was beginning to accept the idea of monophyly of major groups.
Genetic effects of recent habitat fragmentation in the Thousand‐Island Lake region of southeast China on the distylous herb Hedyotis chrysotricha (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Yuan Na , Comes Hans Peter , Mao Yun‐Rui , Qi Xin‐Shuai , Qiu Ying‐Xiong
Published: October 2012

• Premise of the Study: Known‐age artificial‐lake islands provide ideal model systems to elucidate the genetic and evolutionary consequences of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on very recent time scales. Here, we studied a distylous herb, Hedyotis chrysotricha (Rubiaceae), in the artificially created Thousand‐Island Lake (TIL) region of southeast China to explore the genetic consequences of islanding for this species.

• Methods: Seven microsatellite loci were used to genotype 384 individuals of H. chrysotricha from 18 populations to estimate genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic parameters.

• Key Results: Island populations had significantly lower mean genetic diversity than those from the western/eastern mainland (e.g., HE = 0.381 vs. 0.461) and also displayed higher mean subdivision (FST = 0.12 vs. 0.042/0.051). BayesAss analyses indicated moderate levels of migration rates among most populations, whereas Bottleneck did not provide strong evidence for such effects. In consequence, 2MOD strongly favored a gene flow–drift model over a pure drift model in the study area, but concomitantly revealed a relatively greater influence of drift in the island populations as evidenced by their significantly higher probabilities of allelic coancestry (F = 0.184 vs. 0.085).

• Conclusions: The observed genetic patterns in H. chrysotricha indicate that recent anthropogenic habitat fragmentation in the TIL region can lead to significant loss of genetic diversity in isolated fragments (islands) due to ongoing drift. By contrast, patterns of random mating, gene flow, and population connectivity have not greatly been modified yet, possibly owing to the species’ fruit (seed) dispersal capabilities providing resilience in the face of habitat fragmentation.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY REQUIREMENTS FOR DIGITAL CAMERA CALIBRATION APPLYING TCC AND MATLAB SOFTWARE
Authors: Sužiedelytė-Visockienė Jūratė
Published: October 2012

The result of photogrammetry is a digital object or terrain images on the plane or in three-dimensional space. Precise data on the object is photocopied by a professional digital camera equipped with the calibrated system of optical lens (evaluation of distortion parameters for optical lens). Camera calibration is performed in a laboratory or employing special calibration software and using special field testing. However, Lithuania doesn't own similar laboratories. Therefore, an important point is obtaining proper software for the verification of these works. European countries have been using plenty of various software and different test field calibration (plate), including two-dimensional, three-dimensional, etc. Therefore, choosing the simplest, cheapest and most acceptable method of camera calibration is essential. Research was made applying the Canon EOS-1D Mark II (resolution - 21 million points, with the focal length of the lens reaching 21 mm). The optical system was calibrated using Tcc (Germany) and MatLab software. The calibration processes were done taking a different test field of camera calibration. The article analyzes calibration results and offers suggestions on camera calibration.
A GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH FOR PREDICTING THE TOP PRODUCING FORMATION IN OIL FIELDS
Authors: Abdideh Mohammad , Abyat Majed
Published: October 2012

Drilling engineer's understanding of the subsurface conditions of oil-rich regions in Iran is based on experience and through quantitative assessment of these valuable data. The usage of geostatistical methods converts the qualitative experience to quantitative and provides the way for better result. In Iranian oil fields, during the drilling operation Asmari formation is of great importance because most of oil reservoirs are located in this formation. In this study, 53 wells in the field were randomly selected, and after studying and reviewing the drilling and geological reports, 40 wells were selected for inclusion in the model. After analysis of the information, a model which predicts the top of Producing Formation accurately was presented.
Le mandarin, le gestionnaire et le consultant
Authors: Pierru Frédéric
Published: October 2012

Résumé En juillet 2009 est votée une loi dite « Hôpital, patients, santé, territoires », qui réforme à la fois la « gouvernance » de l’hôpital et son environnement institutionnel. La pre- mière consacre et renforce les pouvoirs des chefs d’établissement ; la seconde crée des agences régionales de santé, fusionnant, au niveau régional, les adminis-trations déconcentrées de l’État et des services de l’Assurance maladie. Cette réforme, inspirée par une réinterprétation nationale des préceptes du New Public Management pour les rendre compatibles avec les institutions sectorielles héritées de la trajectoire spécifique de l’État français, a provoqué une mobilisation sans précédent des élites médicales hospitalo-universitaires. Celles-ci ont été, en effet, écartées du processus de décision au profit d’autres groupes d’agents, étatiques et non étatiques, porteurs d’une conception industrielle de la médecine hospitalière. Au sein de cette coalition modernisatrice, les grands cabinets de conseil occupent une place de choix. Grâce à la Re?vision ge?ne?rale des politiques publiques (RGPP), les consultants parviennent à s’ouvrir de lucratifs marchés en amont et en aval de la réforme hospita-lière. L’article pose donc la question de la reconfiguration des élites réformatrices de l’hôpital dans ce moment spécifique de la réforme de l’État qu’est la RGPP et de l’éventuelle disqualification des élites médicales, jusque là propriétaires légitimes des questions médicales.
Flipping Method of a RetroButton During ACL Reconstruction With Outside-in Femoral Drilling Using a FlipCutter
Authors: Lee Yong Seuk , Lee Beom Koo , Chun Dong Il
Published: October 2012

Little information exists on the intraoperative difficulties and complications of using a RetroButton (Arthrex, Inc, Naples, Florida), which is a new suspensory device. However, some difficulties are encountered, such as incomplete sitting, pulling at the outside portion of the iliotibial band, or slipping during distal pulling due to incomplete transverse flipping. These problems can be avoided if the mechanism can be understood and some technical tips are practiced. The goal of this study was to determine the difficulties encountered during RetroButton femoral fixation and prevent iatrogenic complications with the RetroButton devices by offering some technical tips.
Estimating the Transfusion Risk Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ahmed Issaq , Chan Julian K.K. , Jenkins Paul , Brenkel Ivan , Walmsley Philip
Published: October 2012

Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are likely to receive a blood transfusion, which may increase the risk of complications and prolong hospital stay. Considerable variation exists in transfusion practice among orthopedic surgeons following elective TKA. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between preoperative risk factors and the requirement for blood transfusions in patients undergoing a total hip or knee arthroplasty, but few have focused on transfusion risk in those specifically undergoing TKA.

The authors performed a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of 2281 patients undergoing unilateral TKA in a district general hospital over a 10-year period. Multiple regression analysis models were used to identify risk factors associated with postoperative blood transfusion. A predictive model was created based on the regression coefficients and factor levels. The risk of transfusion was independently predicted by the patients’ age at surgery (
P
<.001), preoperative hemoglobin (
P
<.001), weight (
P
=.009) and lateral retinacular release (
P
<.001). The preoperative variables of age, hemoglobin, and weight were incorporated into a model to provide an estimation of the transfusion risk. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 74% (95% confidence interval, 70%–77.5%). This study identifies risk factors independently associated with the risk of requiring a blood transfusion following TKA. The predictive model stratifies the risk according to the individual patient in the preoperative setting, allowing preventative measures to take place preoperatively. It also helps in the counseling of patients at high risk of requiring a postoperative blood transfusion.
Bilateral Neglected Posterior Fracture–Dislocation of the Shoulders
Authors: Kokkalis Zinon T. , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Ballas Efstathios G. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. , Zoubos Aristides B.
Published: October 2012

Posterior dislocation of the shoulder is an uncommon injury. Diagnosis is difficult and often missed. Once diagnosed, management must be individualized depending on the amount of the defect of the humeral head and the time from injury. This article presents a case of a 40-year-old man with a 4-month history of bilateral locked posterior fracture–dislocation of the shoulders after a grand mal seizure. Imaging showed loss of the glenohumeral joint lines congruency, reverse Hill-Sachs lesions, and articular defects of 35% and 40% of the humeral heads. A modified McLaughlin technique was performed in both shoulders in a single stage. Through the standard deltopectoral approach, the lesser tuberosity was osteotomized with the subscapularis and capsule attached and elevated to expose the humeral head and glenoid. The shape of the humeral head was restored by packing the defect with morselized bone allograft. Before packing the allograft into the defect, 2 absorbable suture anchors were inserted at the bottom of the defect; the lesser tuberosity was transferred into the defect, and fixed with 2 transosseous horizontal mattress sutures. Stable fixation was evaluated intraoperatively, and the wound was closed in layers. Postoperatively, both shoulders were immobilized with external rotation braces for 6 weeks, followed by passive, active-assisted, and progressively active range of shoulder motion and rotator cuff strengthening exercises for the next 6 weeks. At 12 weeks postoperatively, full range of motion was accomplished, and full activity was allowed. At 22-month follow-up, the patient was satisfied with his level of function; both shoulder joints were painless and stable without apprehension or recurrence of instability. Radiographs showed congruent joints and complete incorporation of the allograft into the defect with restoration of the shape of the humeral head.
Late Malignant Transformation of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone 41 Years After Primary Surgery
Authors: Kadowaki Masaru , Yamamoto Soichiro , Uchio Yuji
Published: October 2012

Giant cell tumor of bone is an uncommon benign tumor that frequently recurs locally. Spontaneous malignant transformation of conventional giant cell tumor of bone is rare and usually occurs with irradiation.

This article describes a case of malignant transformation of a giant cell tumor 41 years after initial curettage and subsequent resection. A 68-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of left hip pain. He had been diagnosed 41 years previously with giant cell tumor in the left femoral neck treated by simple curettage and bone grafting, followed by resection of the femoral head 1 year later for local recurrence. On presentation, radiographs revealed a destructive lesion in the left proximal femur. Incisional biopsy revealed recurrence of giant cell tumor with suspected malignant transformation. The patient underwent en bloc resection of the proximal femur with adequately wide margins and reconstruction of the hip joint with a prosthesis. Pathological findings showed malignant transformation of a giant cell tumor to osteosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. No recurrence or metastasis developed during 2-year follow-up. Benign local recurrences usually arise in the first 3 postoperative years, whereas malignant transformation tends to take longer than 3 years. To the authors’ knowledge, the 41-year interval from primary surgery to diagnosis of malignancy for the current patient is the longest interval reported among cases in which patients received no radiation therapy.