bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eurasian Competitive Capacity Turkey
Authors: Çiftçi Hakkı , Erşahinoğlu Aliye
Published: December 2019

New ventures and creation of market awareness and industrial competition make competition as a prior concept. From this, evaluation of Eurasian competition capacity from the viewpoint of Turkey gains importance as an issue. Within the scope of EU 2020; 3 thematic priorities, 5 main targets, 7 initiatives were determined as a basis. This study that aims developing innovative management and achieving sustainable and more balanced growth with powerful innovative competition capacity, will take basic policies, which will create the competition capacity leans from Turkey to Eurasia, as a basis. This study also includes the analyses of sectoral competition capacity from Turkey to Eurasia as well as legal regulations, energy, trade, employment and geographical dimensions. As the method of this study, data regarding the indications of competition capacity over the last decade will be evaluated, deficiencies will be determined, source distribution will be directed, technological development functions will be achieved, efficient and function competition will be coordinated with the economic growth and a series of measurements will be taken and competition policies will be established in this regard. This study will also analyze the competition policies of Turkey and Eurasia and their objectives, efficiency and measurement of competition, general overview of Eurasian economies, global competition in Eurasian countries, index sequencing and scores in accordance with developed innovation in terms of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkey. Through the evaluation of rankings of Eurasian economies within Global Competition Index as well as the scores and Global Competition Report, the study will be concluded.
Refugee Question and The Right to Work and Social Security of Refugees in Turkey
Authors: Aydınlı İbrahim
Published: December 2019

Turkey faces various problems because of her distinctive geo-strategic importance have made her a transit country. The most important of those are migrations towards Europe due to socio-economic disasters like starvation, poverty or unemployment as well as geopolitical disasters like war or internal turmoils. Although the political and economic dimensions of migration are prominent, these are not the focus of this study. The issue in here is to identify whether immigrants, whose number has almost reached almost five million as wars and political chaos within neighbouring countries have forced a huge number of people to flee to Turkey, have right to work and social security according to the Turkish law.
In this vein, the paper aims to clarify the content of the right to work and social security for immigrants in the long-term, instead of the short-term social assistances in accordance with human rights and social policy implementation in Turkey. For doing so, the paper firstly deals with Turkey’s commitment to the international law. Secondly, it analyzes the regulations related to the right to work and social security within the national law. Finally, the paper discusses the problems occur during the implementation of law and regulations and suggests solutions for overcoming such problems.
An Emotional Approach to City Branding: Experiential Marketing
Authors: Özmen Alparslan
Published: December 2019

Nowadays, transportation, communication, technology and scientific developments are rapidly changing all areas. Consumers have been changed by the intensification of rivalry. Businesses have to produce proper products and services by giving more attention to changing consumer demands and needs against this rivalry. So, the experience economy is seen to take the place of the service economy. In this context, marketing strategies rather than selling products and services varies as to ensure consumer experience. Thus, the experience economy is starting with proposing products and services as a theater or visual art. Service here; to put on the stage is to create unforgettable moments and memories for customers. Today consumers are looking for features that address to their emotions and feelings. In this sense, experience takes the place of the functional value by providing mental, emotional, cognitive, behavioral and relational values. Consumption experience, is composing the focal point of the experiential approach, creating fantasies, emotions and entertainment. From this point they entered rivalry and began branding in cities. Therefore, all the dynamics of the city is necessary to make a difference by staging features that the experiential marketing has revealed. With which properties cities must be at the forefront, they should be identified and tried to be marketed. Experiential marketing will create an unforgettable experience by making the biggest help for city branding. By taking experiential marketing, the study will attempt to evaluate its effect to city branding with making conceptual analysis in the theoretical structure framework.
Principle of Interpretation in Favor of the Insuree in Turkish Social Security Law
Authors: Barın Nurgül Emine
Published: December 2019

One of the major problems encountered in the implementation of the rule of law is in the absence of the meaning of law or what it wants to tell is not clearly defined, the true meaning is revealed through interpretation. In labor law and social security law; Although the review will benefit from the rules for the common law, workers-interpretation in favor of the insuree is effective. This policy is considered as one of the fundamental policies of the Labour and Social Security Law. Located between the basic policies of business law, the protection of the workers, which is a consequence of the interpretation in favor of the insuree policy, shows itself in the form of interpretation in favor of the insuree in the social security law. One factor for necessity of supporting interpretation in favor of the insuree is, social security right is among the basic human rights. In particular, the interpretation of legislation related to the social security right by constitutional guarantee, it is important to keep in mind this basic policy. The overall purpose of the social security law is to benefit from this right by more people, namely the expansion of the scope. In this study, the place of interpretation in favor of the insuree and limitations related to this interpretation will be examined in the light of samples of Supreme Court Decisions and regarding substance of the Constitution and laws.
The Impact of the "Big Powers" to the Integration Processes in Central Asia
Authors: Abdykadyrova Ediliia
Published: December 2019

It has been over 20 years since the Soviet Union collapsed. Despite that the post-Soviet countries were not able to build strong economic structure, which would be competitive in the international arena. They failed to implement the economic integration among themselves using communication that they had during the Soviet Union time. There have been various attempts to change the situation, but efforts were not successful due to various obstacles. Among these obstacles take place the influence of America, Russia and China, which are considered as great powers and which are pay great attention to Central Asia. This issue attracts attention due to the fact that the problems associated with the integration of the Central Asian countries still exists and that any integration process in the region does not achieve success without the involvement of other external forces. In this paper basic information about the integration processes between the Central Asian countries and their results will be analyzed. In addition, the attitudes of the Central Asian countries towards integration as well as economic and political influence of the great powers to the integration processes in the region will be examined.
Agricultural Certification Programs Implemented inTurkey and the Extent of their Contributions to Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Hasdemir Mehmet , Özkan Füsun Zehra
Published: December 2019

The negative impacts of global-scale developments and consumption habits on the environment are increasing each day. In this context, studies are conducted worldwide by many institutions and non-governmental organizations to support environmental policies. Additionally, certification programs are being executed by conformity assessment bodies to mitigate the impacts of production processes on the environment. These management systems or certification programs are either used on a voluntary basis or made mandatory by company policy, national or international regulations. The certification programs were firstly started to be used in industry and service sectors and are currently being used in agriculture sector. The certification programs used in agriculture sector aim to ensure an environmentally-friendly agricultural production process and improve consumer trust and satisfaction. This study aims to address the extent to which implementation of ISO/IEC 17065 Standard based organic and good agricultural practices and GLOBALG.A.P. certification programs and ISO 14001 Management System Standard have contributed to environmental sustainability in Turkey.
Tourism Policy in Turkey’s Development Plans
Authors: Akça Yaşar
Published: December 2019

Five-year development plans prepared by the Ministry of Development, formerly known as State Planning Organization (SPO), are the main policy documents indicating the growth Turkey will realize in economic, social and cultural fields in the long-term. Since 1963, ten development plans were prepared covering the period till 2018. Development plans provide unity in objectives not only for public but also for the society in general. The main objective of all the mentioned development plans is to make Turkish people happy and prosperous. Tourism is one of the elements to be considered in the development of a country. A country’s tourism policy is first prepared in the development plans. While preparing the tourism policy, precautions towards all kinds of tourism activities are referred. The existing state of the tourism and the state it should be are given. Depending on increase in income, both domestic and international tourism activities are increasing. Tourism activities are continuously diversifying. The purpose of this study is to reveal the tourism policies in the development plans, to determine the existing state of the tourism sector and the targets for future. Also, another purpose is to emphasize the problems the sector faces as well as possible problems that could arise in the future. Suggestions are given towards these problems. In order for the tourism sector to contribute to the country’s economy, it is important to diversify and develop it.
The Comparative Analysis of the Islamic and Conventional Bank System in Turkey
Authors: Pavelka Vivien , Bánkuti Gyöngyi , Varga Jozsef
Published: December 2019

The aim of our study is the comparative analysis of the Islamic and conventional bank systems in Turkey focusing on the years of the last financial crisis. The financial crisis of 2008 shocked the world and impeached the confidence in the conventional bank systems. It drew the attention to the alternative financial forms like Islamic banking. The best known specialty of the Islamic bank system is the prohibition of interests and speculative transactions. The question is: are Islamic banks more crisis-resistant than the conventional banks? Are they really more stable? We would like to get answers for these questions through analyzing the four Islamic banks and four conventional banks with the same size in Turkey. We set up three hypothesizes:
1. The profitability of the Islamic banks was higher during the crisis than the profitability of the conventional banks.
2. The liquidity of the Islamic banks was higher during the crisis than the liquidity of the conventional banks.
3. The leverage ratio of the Islamic banks was higher during the crisis than the leverage ratio of the conventional banks.
The time horizon of the research is from 2007 to 2013 and we get the data from the annual reports of the banks.
Innovativeness of SMEs in Small Non-Oil Producing Post-Communist Economies
Authors: Karymshakov Kamalbek , Sulaimanova Burulcha , Aseinov Dastan
Published: December 2019

This paper aims to study the determinants of innovation propensity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in five small non-oil exporting Former Soviet Union countries. Empirical analysis is based on the data from the fifth wave of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS). Innovation of SMEs is measured by five innovation practices: innovation in goods services, process, organization, marketing and R&D spending. For each aspect of innovation bivariate regression analysis is applied. Estimation results shows that experience of managers has curvilinear effect on the innovation in SMEs. Foreign participation, export orientation and competitiveness in sectors are important for innovation.
Demographic and Socio-Psychological Characteristics Affecting the Demand for Treatment and Care Services in Aesthetic and Beauty Sector
Authors: Tamer Gülay
Published: December 2019

At the present time, number of aesthetic and health centers are rapidly increasing. In the light of this fact, in this study, the demographic and psychological profiles of the individuals who are getting service in these institutions will be discussed. The various parameters such as gender, age and marital status, which are affecting the types and processes of treatment will be examined. This study is aimed at to guide institutions to determine optimal customer profiles and encourage them to provide better service by offering them assistance for gathering information to make appropriate decisions regarding to future investments.
Content Analyses on Mission Statements of the Commercial Banks in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Najimudinova Seyil
Published: December 2019

The concept of mission is still popular both in academic environment and business practices. Mission statements have been accepted as an important part of the strategic management process for organizations of all types; be it public sector, not-for-profit, private, for profit, a multinational or a SME. This paper aims to study the content of mission statements of Top10 commercial banks in Kyrgyzstan. The main objective of this study is to identify whether the mission statements of commercial banks contain components suggested Pierce and David (1987) and Bart and Tabone (1999). Data was based on content analysis of the mission statements and other related statements found on commercial banks’ web sites. Another secondary data on general profile of commercial banks are obtained from their web-sites and other open to public resources. The results show all (11) numbers of components are not incorporated in the mission statements of commercial banks totally. According to obtained data it was done Top 3 rating of commercial banks according to their mission statements. The level of popularity of mission statement components displays the following: products or services, geographic location, statement of purpose and customers are the most of frequent occurrence components. Components like concern for public image, concern for growth and profit, and philosophy are less popular mission components. In the future this study can throw fresh light on researches on other industries and to make relationship between good mission statements and the performance of commercial banks.
Vocational Tendencies of Young Generation in the Development of Perception: A Survey Analysis on Entrepreneurship Profiles of Erzincan University Stud
Authors: Doker Aslı Cansın , Elverdi Sevgi , Gerni Mine , Emsen Ömer Selçuk
Published: December 2019

Entrepreneurship, which is one of the most important elements of the production-supply dimension of the economy, is also the main determinants of economic growth, including economic growth in the context of positive externalities emerging from the information age. It is clear that the development is linked to industrialization, which is related to spirit of innovative thinking. Therefore, undeveloped must be considered in concert with the lack of innovative thinking. According to Schumpeter, who defines entrepreneurship in such an understanding as "the replacement of the present and the future of Pareto Optimum with tomorrow's new and different things," this factor also encompasses innovation. Therefore, factors such as the characteristics of the entrepreneur, the risk perception profile and the socio-economic, socio-cultural and demographic structure of the population in which it is located can have significant effects on the development and development of entrepreneurship. In this study, it is aimed to investigate what factors are more effective on the perception of entrepreneurship by using the statistical methods on Erzincan University Students, taking into consideration that today's students will be the future production factor (labor or enterprise). Another important goal of the paper is to determine whether the entrepreneurship factor, which has a significant role in the development of the country and especially in urban development, is based on scientific or traditional elements. It can be considered that the existence and sustainability of the enterprise spirit will be tested with the awareness of the opportunities and opportunities for incentives to act rationally.
Analysis of Innovation Performances of European Union Member Countries
Authors: Eren Miraç , Kaynak Selahattin
Published: December 2019

Together with the transition from the industrial society to the information society, Innovation at the forefront of the countries' development arguments has strategic significance for companies, industries, and countries and it is emerging as the main element of being in the market. Also, Innovation has vital importance in determining the policies of countries because of increasing social welfare and living standards of individuals. Countries having effective innovation policies and systems are rapidly advancing in the development race. Even in countries with low innovation performance, demand for innovative products and services are high. According to the Lisbon Strategy, it is important to know the innovation performances of the member countries of the European Union, which see the innovation as the basic element of economic growth, and to measure their activities. For these reasons, the purpose of this research is to analyze the innovation performances of the EU member countries. So, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the performance of each member country against the other member countries in the group consisting of European Union countries was considered. Therefore, the variables that are used in determining the level of innovation of the member states of the European Commission were respectively considered as Input Variables (Human Research, Research Systems, Finance, and Support) and Output Variables (Innovators, Economic effects). Tone (2001)'s Slack-Based Model and Lotfi & Poursakhi (2012)'s dynamic DEA Model was considered together to measure the efficiency of the countries in few periods instead of a single period.
Institutional Sustainability Management in the Health Sector and a Research on the Hospitals in European Side of İstanbul
Authors: Toker Kerem , Çınar Fadime
Published: December 2019

In 1987, The World Commission on Environment and Development report on our Common Future formulated the definition of sustainable development and put forward the issue that caused the conflict between environment and development (Harris, 2000). It was proposed for the first time that the use of the concept of sustainable development, which is the most common today, (WCED, 1987), is the expression of "the ability to supply today’s needs and expectations without compromising the ability of future generations to supply their needs and expectations" (Akgül, 2010). Today, sustainability means that businesses should not only create economic value but also be involved in activities that facilitate and improve living conditions (Caymaz, etc., 2014). Within the globalizing economy, the health sector is one of the most important sectors that have taken human life as a focus. The survey examined whether the governance processes of private and public-sector hospitals in European Side of Istanbul are in line with sustainable policies, and if so, what kind of policies they take. In order to be able to conduct the examination, data were collected from the hospitals through the sustainability questionnaire and statistically analyzed in the obtained computer environment. The findings show that the sustainable environmental policy implementations of hospitals are not at the desired level. Sustainable social policies are also at a high level of implementation. The research showed that; it is necessary to increase the awareness level of hospital administrations on sustainability.
Economic Analysis of Turkey and European Countries Before and After the Syrian War
Authors: Paksoy Semin
Published: December 2019

Undoubtedly, a war in a country is a great destruction for its citizens. The Syrians have had to take refuge in other countries because of their vital problems. European countries have adopted a rigid attitude towards refugees to protect themselves. How did the refugee mobility, arising from internal conflicts in Syria and embodying different qualities within its constitution, affect European countries due to global economic relations? Or did Europe continue its economic development without being negatively affected by the geographically distant war? On the other side, to what extent has Turkey been able to protect itself economically? Can Turkey continue their progress towards the EU?
This work investigating answers to these questions is based on the Maastricht criteria set to ensure economic integration at an advanced level among EU countries. The data related to these criteria cover 6 annual data of pre and post of the war.
In the analysis, countries are ranked and evaluated with the flows of criteria, using PROMETHEE method. The result of the analysis shows that generally there is a decrease, in comparison, in the net flows of the second period. This implies that countries are not in better situation compared to the first period which covered 2008 financial crisis. In other words, the EU may likely remain behind of its economic and fiscal targets.
A Research on the Relationship between Preferred Music Type and Entrepreneurship Tendency
Authors: Eroğlu Feyzullah , Mert Esvet
Published: December 2019

Cultural systems are grouped into high culture, folk culture and popular culture. High cultural, scientific, philosophical, aesthetic information, etc. Folk culture is based on folklore information from the past day. Popular culture represents the degraded and dissolved state of traditional cultures, various subculture areas, which have failed after modernization efforts.
The aim of the study is to reveal the influence of young musical genres on the entrepreneurial tendencies. The first method used in the research is the questionnaire survey for senior students studying in the university business and economics.
According to the survey data, questionnaires were distributed out of a total of 350 students, only to the evaluation of the survey of 311 eligible. The most important findings of the research can be summarized as follows. While 6,1% of the "youth of higher education" who participated in the survey preferred "high culture product" music; 10,6% were "folk culture products" music; and 83,3% preferred "popular culture product" music.
The "entrepreneurship tendencies", which are the main aim of the subjects of "education for young people" receiving basic courses in economics and business administration, were found to be 131,5 (Min 36, Max.180). According to the research findings, in the direction of the basic assumption of the study, "entrepreneurial tendencies" of students who prefer music, which is a high cultural product, are higher than others. The sort of "entrepreneurial tendencies" is followed by popular genres and popular music genres.
The Role of Women on the Economic Development as the “Secondary” Production Factor: An Analysis on Nuts-2
Authors: Avcı Ülcay Ecenur , Doker Aslı Cansın
Published: December 2019

In underdeveloped societies, in both the reflection of the limitations on the position of women in social life, as a result of business life is also restricted. However, optimum use of production factors is essential at the forefront of the elements of sustainable development. The reflections of economic exclusion of women are the increase of dependency and the deepening of poverty. According to data, it is observed that labor force participation rates of women in Turkey are relatively inadequate and unbalanced. Women are not able to participate in employment because of low education, professional skills and qualifications, etc. and therefore are more exposed to poverty and social exclusion risk. Moreover, global economic crises in Turkey and similar countries are accompanied by a high unemployment rate resulting from the shrinkage of the markets. On the other hand, new emerging micro-entrepreneurship, which began in Turkey, which counts more than 8 million poor women for "a contribution to the family income," but in fact it is seen as a way to stay alive. Through this initiative developing self-esteem of women, family and community is growing in reputation. Additionally, quality of the human capital, which is the most important source of the countries, passes through the family institution. In the study, social policy will be made by subjecting micro-credits to comparative analysis of regional development, poverty, nature of women's employment and role of women in social life in the light of face-to-face interviews on five families using micro-credit and data on poverty in NUTS-2.
Impact of Energy Price Volatility on Macroeconomic Performance
Authors: Algan Neşe , İşcan Erhan , Serin Oktay Duygu , Kara Duygu
Published: December 2019

Last two decades witnessed increasingly volatile international markets with the many financial crises. Concurrently, volatility in energy prices and energy markets cause various adverse impacts on both national and world economies. Especially this volatility affected emerging markets and increased the fragility of the emerging economies. Because of the adverse impacts of this volatility, understanding the price behavior and impact of volatility of energy prices on economy became crucial for every economic agent in the economy including policy makers in the governments, consumers, and producers. The relationship between energy prices and macroeconomic performance has been studied widely as a consequence its long term macroeconomic impacts to world economies. Differently, the aim of this study is analyzing the effect of energy price volatility on macroeconomic indicators of Turkey. For that purpose, we employed a GARCH model to investigate effect of energy price volatility on macroeconomic performance for Turkey from 2002 to 2016. We use various energy prices and macroeconomic indicators data for the period from January 2002 to December 2016, obtained from the IFS and CBRT-EDDS. By applying GARCH methodology to various energy prices and macroeconomic indicators, we contribute to the understanding of price volatility in energy markets, and suggest policies that would be of use to policy makers in the governments, consumers, and producers.
Analysis of Nurses' Social Responsibility Perception (Example of the Sakarya City)
Authors: Ünlü Nesrin , Öngel Volkan
Published: December 2019

By analyzing the development of the social responsibility conception, this study illustrates corporate social responsibility perception and applies it into the medical sector with participation of some subject nurses. In the scope of this study in order to measure nurses' social responsibility perception and to analyze the interaction between the perception and demographic features three hundred nurses who work in the city of Sakarya's some public hospitals were given questionnaires that includes some demographic statistics and social responsibility indications. Consequently 250 of 300 questionnaires received back and included to the study (feedback percentage is 83.3%). According to the data acquired from the survey the average rating of participants is 3.13 so that it is considered that the nurses are equipped with a high level of corporate social responsibility perception. However, it is also observed that the nurses' social responsibility perception is variable in accordance with their rank, gender and education.
Export-Led Growth Model and External Debt in Turkey
Authors: Noyan Yalman İlkay , Işık Özcan , Koşaroğlu Şerife Merve
Published: December 2019

After the 1980s, as the globalization movement accelerated, countries increased their foreign trade transactions. In with this process, import-based growth model was abandoned in the Turkish economy and an export-based growth model is adopted. The export-led growth model increased export revenues started to, growth has gained speed, however, due to fact that the industry is dependent on imported inputs, started to increase external balance and current account deficit problems. In addition, there have economic growth that is not create employment due to insufficient savings and investments. For this reason, the increase in external debt tended to increase further. Such causes have led to an increase in external debt. In this study, the effect of export-led growth on foreign debts will be analyzed. For this purpose, foreign debts and growth relation in Turkey will be analyzed with time series model and will be done causality analysis.
An Evaluation on the Place and Importance of Tourism Revenues of Turkey in Economy
Authors: Soyu Esra , Karaçor Süleyman , Altınok Serdar , Fırat Emine
Published: December 2019

Globalization has allowed a number of countries to make important progresses that would contribute to economy in areas like industry and information technologies. Developed economies have obtained a cost advantage and increased both product potential and economic progress by means of advanced technologies. Developing economies, on the other hand, are required to determine the sectors to invest in order to progress. Regarding progress, it is primarily required to evaluate the tourism supply potential of countries.
The tourism sector in Turkey has made a great progress for nearly more than 30 years and tourism has had positive effects upon economy. Foreign currency inflow of the country has increased the investment, revenue and employment and positively affected the balance of payments. Taking necessary precautions for Turkey to get more share from the international tourism revenue will also increase the social welfare.
In this study, the place and importance of the tourism sector in economy are evaluated with the help of data. These data consist of the number of foreign tourists that come to Turkey for touristic reasons, acquired tourism revenue, touristic expenditure rates, share of tourism in the Gross National Product, as well as its effects upon the national income and share in foreign trade. Interpreting the reasons and outcomes of the recent decrease in tourism revenues in our country; it has been concluded that Turkey is in a serious need of tourism revenues and it is required to urgently intervene in this matter.
Renewable Energy Sources in Perspective of Sustainable Development
Authors: Tunçsiper Bedriye , Fırat Emine , Özkan İnci Mine
Published: December 2019

It is one of the most important issues of our time that meeting the energy needs for developing countries. Especially in recent years, the developed and developing countries emphasize the importance of resorting to current and renewable energy sources in order to be able both to feed them and to show sensitivity to the environment.
It is an important tool in reducing external dependency that increased use of those resources in countries which is a country in an advantageous position in terms of renewable energy sources. From past to present with increased production and consumption and the point where the environmental problems reach, renewable energy sources is shown as a solution to this problem. Sustainable development makes an important contribution not only in quantity but also in quality to the economy. It is provided that enhancing human capital by performing technological development and sustainability of the environment by raising awareness of the environmental community and reducing of energy imports by applying renewable energy in energy production.
It can be reduced its dependence on foreign energy with sustainable energy policies and R&D activities for the use of renewable energy sources where countries have the potential to be an ample supply. In light of this, it has been demonstrated that introduction of renewable energy sources should not be delayed in achieving sustainable development in economic, social and environmental dimensions. In this study, the strengths and weaknesses are evaluated in terms of sustainable development of renewable energy sources.
Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investments and Economic Growth: The Azerbaijan Sample
Authors: Ürüt Kelleci Serap , Fırat Emine
Published: December 2019

Today, foreign direct investment is very important for both developed and developing countries. It is seen as an opportunity to overcome the inadequacy of capital, especially in developing countries. It is expected that these investments will make a serious contribution in solving the problems related to the balance of payments, in the realization of the investments that will enable the growth of the economies, in increasing the employment.
The study will examine the size, development and effects of foreign capital in Azerbaijan economy. Azerbaijan, which is also known as transition economies, has gone from the Soviet Union in 1991 to regulating its economic structure from the beginning. At this point, they have undertaken various reforms to improve their inadequate investment capabilities and to attract foreign direct investment into the country. In this respect, they tried to have a share of this great pasty shared by the developed countries in the world.
In this study, firstly foreign direct investments and economic effects will be examined. Then, general information about Azerbaijani economy will be given and the dimensions and effects of foreign direct investments in Azerbaijan will be revealed. After the literature review on the subject has been made, the relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment in Azerbaijan will be empirically analyzed. The figures for Azerbaijan during the period 1995-2015 were obtained from the World Bank.
The 36 Strategies of the Chinese: Can It Be a Eurasian Strategic Model in a Global Context?
Authors: Baş İsmail Melih
Published: December 2019

Although the 36 Strategies are a summary of some of the war strategies used by the ancient Chinese warriors, over the years, these have been commonly cited and used by many Chinese businessmen. These strategies are grouped under six categories. Each category contains six strategies. The six categories in turn can be used in two types of situations. While the three categories are used in a winning situation; the other three are used in a disadvantageous situation. However, the application and usage of these strategies can be mingled in various combinations. The set of these strategies is a very good alternative to the western style of management for global strategic competition for the Eurasian companies. This seems right both theoretically and practically. After the collapse of globalism of the 20th century, we are on the threshold of a new model of globalization. In that sense, while developing a Eurasian strategic management style, these 36 strategies of the Chinese provide a very good source, parallel to the market domination of Chinese economy in the global economy.
The Relationship between Corruption and Economic Growth: The Case of Newly Industrialized Countries
Authors: Sofuoğlu Emrah , Kızılkaya Oktay , Ay Ahmet
Published: December 2019

Studies on corruption have been increasing in the literature recently. The effects of corruption, especially on macroeconomic variables, are a matter of curiosity for researchers. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between corruption and economic growth. In this sense, Newly Industrialized Countries (NIC) are investigated in the study. The study covers the period 2001-2014 and to determine the long-term relationship, Pedroni cointegration test, panel FMOLS and panel DOLS coefficient estimators are utilised. According to the results of Pedroni cointegration test, there is a long-term relationship between corruption and economic growth. In addition, both panel FMOLS and DOLS results indicate that rise in corruption index contributes to higher economic growth in related countries.
The Nexus between Financial Development and Innovation: Case of OECD
Authors: Bal Harun , İşcan Erhan , Serin Oktay Duygu , Kara Duygu
Published: December 2019

Finance-growth nexus is a very known topic in the finance literature and most of the studies confirmed the finance-led growth hypothesis for all developed and developing countries. On the other hand, numerous studies investigated the impact of innovation on economic growth and found a substantial effect of the innovation. Especially for the last two decades almost every study agreed on the positive impact of financial development and innovation on growth. Besides various innovation-based growth models indicated that financial development is one of the main promoter of innovation-based economy. Financial development affects the efficiency of the market or the firm and this increases the innovation capacity. Despite this, only few studies focused on the relation of financial development and innovation. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the financial development and innovation for selected OECD countries. Especially this study highlighted the changing role of the financial markets to promote the innovative activity of OECD countries. For this purpose, ARDL model employed to analyze the nexus between the financial development and innovation. The empirical findings of this study provided more knowledge to implement more effective policies to policymakers.
An Alternative to The European Customs Union for Turkey in The Framework of Economic Integration Theory: Eurasian Customs Union
Authors: Tufaner Mustafa Batuhan , Boztoprak Hasan , Sözen İlyas
Published: December 2019

The liberalization policies begun after 1980 and globalization process bring with new economic associations and trade blocs among countries. The European Customs Union which established to improve economic relations and to make the political integration possible after World War II, reached large trade capacity today. On the other hand, the Post-Soviet countries that followed similar way like European ones established Eurasian Customs Union under the leadership of Kazakhstan, Belarus and Russia. The advantage of European Customs Union for Turkey which became a member of it in 1995 is still discussed. From this viewpoint the study aims to answer a question that Eurasian Customs Union can be an alternative to European Customs Union for Turkey in point of trade capacity. The aim of the study is to discuss the possibility of the Eurasian Customs Union and to compare it with the European Customs Union in which Turkey is involved. In this context, at first, the conceptual framework about the subject will be discussed and European Customs Union and Turkey relations will be examined. After, the current situation of the Eurasian region will be analyzed and the possibility of the Eurasian Customs Union will be discussed. And, which customs union will be more advantageous in terms of Turkey will be examined by VAR analysis.
A Study on the Relationship Among Organizational Culture, Learning and Innovativeness: A Survey Study at a University Hospital
Authors: Kendir Vasfi , Sinsoysal Bahaddin , Boztoprak Hasan
Published: December 2019

This study aims to explain the effect of organizational culture on both organizational learning and innovativeness. A large literature exists based on comparative studies on these concepts, which we addressed in a triangular relationship here. We conducted a survey consisting of three scales; Ogbonna and Harris (2000)-organization culture, Calantone et al (2002)-organizational learning and Wang and Ahmed (2004)-innovativeness, at a university hospital. We found that three concepts show high correlation, and organization culture has an effect on both organizational learning and innovativeness. We also found that organizational learning clearly effects the organizational innovativeness. Results show that organization culture is essential for organizational knowledge generation and use.
Education and Economic Growth: Case of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Abdiyeva Raziya , Baigonushova Damira
Published: December 2019

Human capital is the main source of the country's economic development. The quality of human capital is determined by the level of public health and education. Expenditures on education and health care allow increasing the stock of human capital and the productivity of labor resources thereby accelerates the process of economic development in the long term. In this regard, public spending on education plays an important role in the formation of human capital.
After the collapse of the USSR, the Kyrgyz Republic experienced serious economic crises. Public spending declined sharply, as transfers from the budget of the USSR to budget of Kyrgyz Sovyet Republic was 8 to 14% of the state revenues. The loss of economic ties and the market with other republics led to the reduced output significantly. Despite crises, Kyrgyzstan is one of the post-Soviet countries that was able to preserve the educational system.
The purpose of this study is analyzing the causal relationship between government spending on education and the gross domestic product in Kyrgyzstan. In the empirical analysis, monthly data on government spending on education and GDP will be used from 2000: 1 to 2015: 8, using a cointegration test for the existence of a long-term relationship, built on the basis of autoregression with distributed lags as known the ARDL model.
Analysis of Logistics Performances of Central Asian Turkish Republics within the Context of Logistics Performance Index
Authors: Şirin Bayram , Emanet Hakan
Published: December 2019

Along with the rapidly developing industrialization and technology, companies have moved to markets outside the regions they usually serve and have tried to supply different regions of the world. This trend has been increasing day by day and the world has transformed into a single market. With this globalization process, the trade volume between the countries and the continents has reached unprecedented numbers which has directly affected the logistics industry. It is a challenging process to move such a large volume of goods between countries and continents safely and quickly. It also significantly affects the cost of doing business. For these reasons, logistics processes need to be managed efficiently and effectively which in turn ensures competitive advantage. Thus, logistics process efficiency and effectiveness have gained importance and a need to measure logistics performance has emerged. The World Bank has started to publish the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) every two years by measuring the logistics performances of the countries using a set of six criteria. This study examines the logistics performances of Central Asian Turkish Republics (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) within the scope of Logistics Performance Index (LPI). In addition, the logistics performances of these countries were compared with the performances of the countries in the same region.
Problems and Prospects of the Integration of the Agricultural Sector of Kyrgyzstan into The Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Dzhailov Dzhumabek , Leila Mardalieva
Published: December 2019

The analysis of the development of the agrarian market and mechanisms for ensuring its competitive development under conditions of integration is presented. It provides an analysis of the main macroeconomic indicators of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The evaluation of the level of development of branches of agrarian and industrial complex the EAEU and shows the role of the agricultural sector of Kyrgyzstan. Autopsy problems and causes of low competitiveness and efficiency of branches of the national agro-industrial complex. The prospects and the direction of the effective transformation of the agricultural sector of Kyrgyzstan in the Eurasian Integration formation, the mechanisms for the improvement of the agricultural policy within the framework of the EAEU are justified.
To Find Own Path
Authors: Koychuev Turar
Published: December 2019

The report reviews the search and selection of ideology, concept and models of economic development in the post-Soviet space with account of historical peculiarities, demographic processes, natural resources, scales of country and its economy, new political and legal structure, transition to open and free market economy. It evaluates the current state, defines objectives of development and ways of their implementation for a full-fledged establishment of the social economy, taking a rightful place in the world economy, which is appropriate to its own possibilities and needs, knowledge-intensive and receptive to innovations and in-demand within the international geo-economical space. In the end, must be approved by the inter-state peaceful coexistence, political tolerance, social solidarity, mutually beneficial economic cooperation that ensures a prosperous development of societies and States that Man lived happily ever after.
Monte Carlo Methods and New Jump Diffusion Processes and Their Application in Gold Price
Authors: Sümer Kutluk Kağan
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to execute Monte Carlo simulation method with Wiener Process, Generalized Wiener Process, Mean Reversion Process and Mean Reversion Jump Diffusion Process and to compare them and then expended with the idea of how to include negative and positive news shocks in the gold market to the Monte Carlo simulation.
By enhancing the determination of the 3 standard deviation shocks within the process of Classic Mean Jump Diffusion Process, an enchanted model for the 1,96 and 3 standard deviation shocks were being used and additionally positive and negative shocks were added to the system in a different way.
This new Mean Reversion Jump Diffusion Process that have been developed by Sümer, executes Monte Carlo simulation regarding the gold market return with five random variables that are chosen from Poisson distribution and one random variable chosen from the normal distribution.
Additionally, by accepting volatilities as outlies over the 1,96 and 3 standard deviations with the effect of the new and good news and the standard deviations on the traditional approximate return and the standard deviations (volatility) and the obtained new approximate return and the new standard deviation (volatility) and compares them with the Monte Carlo simulations.
Principles of industrial scale chemical starch modification
Authors: Radeloff Michael A. , Beck Roland H.F.
Published: December 2019

Chemical starch modification is standardizing and extending the functionality of native starches by either modifying the starch backbone itself, by acid-thinning, oxidation or dextrinization, or by introducing substituents to form esters and ethers. These modified starches are meeting a worldwide growing market for sustainable products of highly reproducible performance characteristics. Different industrial processes carried out in slurry, semi-dry or dry state and run in batch or continuous mode are available to satisfy the needs for a wide product range from washed specialties to bulk industrial standard products.