bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Scientific Branches in Post Pandemic Period of Development of the Russian Federation
Authors: Sukhanova Nataliya
Published: July 2024

The development of education and science is a process which stimulates Russian economy. Covid-19 pandemic prompted the changes in teaching technologies sphere and their methods. At this moment there is a rapid growth of IT impacting education, science, and the economy. Modern economy and society transform due to the fact of new digital platforms emerging, known as “Uberisation of all”. This has become possible thanks to IT development and forming of cyberspace. The “revolution of platforms” taken place in the last 10 years not only changed the markets but also “almost all traditional methods of managing a business including stragedy, marketing, manufacturing and research”. In this article the authors aim to summarize the impact of the pandemic on education and scientific society and reflect the specific character of modern reality. It was showed that the implementation of computer engineering made it possible to save and distribute information digitally. Nowadays the works in biology and medicine are focused on. They are being viewed in the most different aspects such as fundamental, applied, and technological. The structure of this work is divided into several interconnected parts. In the first part the authors outline the relevancy of set problems and focus on digitalization of modern reality. The second part is touches upon education system in general and not on its levels. The third part is being focused on value of science and scientific projects being sponsored by the state and the impact of such project on society and economy. In conclusion the authors refocus on the trend of societal development — digital economy. The need of close collaboration between scientific and business societies and the state to achieve general welfare is proven. General scientific methods, comparative and legal methods were used in this work. This article is interdisciplinary and linked to historical, legal, economic and social aspects of educational transformations in post pandemic period of development of the Russian Federation.
Migration Risk as a Global Challenge of Our Time: Russia and Europe
Authors: Fahrutdinov Rail
Published: July 2024

The article provides a comparative analysis of migration risk management processes in European countries and in Russia, based on several case studies. The authors substantiate the risk paradigm as a scientific approach to the research of the migration situation on the territory of the host countries, analyze the concepts in the field of migration risk management, forms of social work with migrants, research strategies in the field of migration, and various methodological areas of work with migrants. The cases of Italy, Israel, Russia are considered (on the example of three subjects of the Russian Federation). There is a similarity of problems generated by migration risks in Russia and Europe. It was revealed that different approaches to migration management are used in different countries of Europe. European countries faced a set of these problems much earlier and began to regulate them earlier. At the same time, even now the measures taken against migrants cannot be considered sufficient and effective. In Russia, there are significant reserves in the development of migration policy, and the unrealized potential for preventing migration risks is high.
“Let Us Study Ourselves and Our People”: Traditions of Studying the History and Essence of Russian Statehood
Authors: Aleshkovski Ivan
Published: July 2024

The authors raise theoretical issues connected with the relationship between the concepts of “state” and “statehood” in social and humanitarian space as well as with understanding the features of the development of Russian statehood by Russian social science and social thought leaders. The authors note that the present-day discourse has expanded the concepts of “Russian statehood”, “civic identity” and “civic consciousness” as well as the traditions, constants and continuity of Russia's evolution. A brief review of the development of the concepts of the state in old Russian, Soviet and modern Russian historiography is given. The article reveals the specific features of Russian statehood such as polyethnicity, communality, unity, coexistence of authoritarian and democratic elements and institutions, tendencies towards strong leaders, the active role of the state in economic, cultural and public life, and the priority of the spiritual over the material. This article is timed to coincide with the 10th anniversary of the Lomonosov Olympiad in the history of Russian statehood for high school students, which has been held at Lomonosov Moscow State University since 2012. Over a decade of its existence, the Olympiad in the history of Russian statehood has become a significant educational event, which introduces students to scientific and creative activities.
Decolonizing Curriculum: Slavery, Empire, and History Teaching in Tanzania, 1961—2022
Authors: Nyanto Salvatory Stephen
Published: July 2024

In this paper the author examines the teaching of the history of slavery and empire in schools and universities in Tanzania. The study centers on the history curriculum and university's history course syllabi to show the themes of slavery and empire have been taught in Tanzania over the past five decades of the development of historical knowledge in Tanzania. The author attempts to show that the dominance of nationalist and materialist traditions that have defined the study of the Tanzanian past has pushed slavery to the periphery of Tanzanian history. Consequently, slavery as a topic and an analytical teaching category remained in the margins of history, being studied simply as part of the mode of production. Ultimately, the paper intends to show that the limited focus on teaching slavery and empire in Tanzanian schools and universities ought to be understood in terms of the national imperatives as well as the nature and character of history curriculum and syllabi that have paid relatively less attention to the topics.
Legal Means to Protect Historical Memory
Authors: Vasilieva Liya
Published: July 2024

Historical memory always was been and will be the basis for the development of any traditional society. Today it is also becomes a solid foundation for strengthening the sovereignty and statehood of Russia. The protection of historical memory is aimed at preventing the incitement of interethnic and interfaith conflicts, strengthening the unity of the peoples of the Russian Federation on the basis of the all-Russian civic identity, preserving the indigenous principles common to humanity and publicly significant guidelines for socio-cultural development. The article is concerned with such concepts as “historical memory” and “historical truth” and their protection by constitutional, criminal and administrative legislation. The interrelation between such categories and concepts as “historical memory”, “historical truth” and “historical heritage” is emphasized. The article summarizes the emerging regional legislation on the protection of historical memory in connection with the adoption of the constitutional innovation on the protection of historical truth.
On the Method of “Historical Philosophizing” in the Political Thought of Bernard Williams
Authors: Ananieva Alina
Published: July 2024

The article concentrates on the role of the historical aspect in the political thought of Bernard Williams. Greatly influenced by ancient philosophy and its history, his works reached the main issues of theoretical ethics and political philosophy, and searching for the comprehensive methodological point, via Nietzsche’s genealogy returned to the historical subject in a new capacity. The article considers the historical and methodological convictions of Williams, which become available for understanding through the analysis of the concepts of “making sense”, as well as the “first political question”, the “basic legitimation demand”, political realism and political moralism approaches. The study also includes a comparative perspective and points out the range of unsolved political philosophy issues raised by Williams’s historical understanding argument.
Formation of Russian Historical Memory about the Great Patriotic War Through Modern Cinema
Authors: Stichinscky Maxim
Published: July 2024

The article examines the features of the formation of historical memory, its connection with the culture of the people and national identity. It is shown that today these issues occupy one of the central places in the scientific discourse, attracting the attention of the entire civil society and government structures. The problems of historical memory are of particular relevance, given the magnitude of the escalating political and spiritual crises, attempts to repeatedly “rewrite” history, and the clash of ideological systems. In the modern information society, the issues of formation and preservation of the integrity of society through the mechanisms of conceptualization of cultural patterns, overcoming the state of identity crisis that arose as a consequence of the existence of nation-states in the global community, are of particular relevance. Given the ubiquity of elements of mass culture, the preservation of cultural uniqueness and integrity is directly related to national security issues. The emotional impact on a modern person of various media, including in the context of the products of the film industry, is quite large. The uncritical perception of such products of mass culture poses a serious threat to the preservation of cultural identity, including being reflected in the historical memory of the people. Taking into account the presence of various actors in the information field, including those of foreign origin, the need to develop a special cultural policy reflecting the interests and goals of preserving cultural identity and historical memory of significant events of the people is actualized. The article shows that the informatization of the world space, which occurred as a result of the processes of globalization and the development of technical means, inevitably affected national states, creating a threat of losing their own identity and culture. The article shows that a special narrative has been formed in the domestic scientific discourse and public consciousness today, which is transmitted in the cinema as a powerful factor in the formation of historical memory.
Participação social, complexidade e formação em saúde: narrativas dos monitores da 17ª CNS sobre aprendizagens emancipatórias, democráticas e de fazeres profissionais diversos e plurais
Authors: Santos William Pereira , Baptista Gabriel Calazans , Silva Francisca Valda da , Oliveira Priscilla Viégas Barreto de , Ferla Alcindo Antônio
Published: July 2024

Com muita alegria, apresentamos a vocês, leitoras e leitores, uma das primeiras produções oficiais da 17ª Conferência Nacional de Saúde (17ª CNS), realizada em Brasília (DF), em julho de 2023. Este livro é uma coletânea que reúne diversos capítulos das monitoras e monitores formados pelo curso “‘Fazendo manhãs’ para a saúde e a democracia: participação social e políticas de saúde” e que atuaram na etapa prática da 17ª CNS. Os capítulos são, na verdade, narrativas que discorrem sobre a vivência na conferência que, dentre muitas características, foi marcada pelo retorno da democracia. Nunca é excessivo ou tarde demais lembrar que superamos as tentativas nefastas que ameaçaram e colocaram em risco todas as vidas no período de 2019 a 2022. Superar a crise humanitária causada pela covid-19 e o governo fascista do período mencionado, responsável pela disseminação de “fake news”, ódio e incitação à violência, são fatos lembrados pelos diversos autores do livro, desde a apresentação. Viver em sociedade implica necessariamente em viver politicamente, pois cada interação e decisão que tomamos contribui para a estruturação do ambiente social e para a busca contínua do bem-estar comum. Essa compreensão ampliada, apresentada de diversas formas nos capítulos, nos ajuda a reconhecer as esferas da vida e a assumir o nosso papel como agentes ativos na construção de comunidades mais justas e coesas e na defesa do SUS e da democracia.
Characterization, Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activity of Compounds Isolated from Alkaloid Extracts of Citrus aurantifolia Root Bark
Authors: Zıale Djélé Alette Edwige , Adou Demel Axel , N'gaman-kouassı Kohue Christelle Chantal , Deschamp Julia , Bouchemal Nadia , Palama Tony Lionel , Lecouvey Marc , Mamyrbekova-békro Janat Akhanovna , Bekro Yves-alain
Published: July 2024

Xanthyletin (1), edulinin (2), 1-methyl-2-[(E)-(prop-1-enyl)]quinolin-4-one (3), 1,2-dimethylquinolin-4-one (4), lonchocarpol A (5), grandisinin (6), citracridone-I (7) and 5-hydroxynoracronycin (8) were isolated from alkaloid extracts of the root bark of Citrus aurantifolia. Their structures were characterized using spectral data (NMR, HRMS, and IR). Furthermore, compounds 2, 3, 4, and 6 known in the literature have been isolated for the first time in Citrus aurantifolia. However, compounds 1, 5, 7 and 8 are already known from the plant studied. The concentration required to reduce 50% of free radicals (RC50) was carried out. Compounds 3 (RC50= 185.836 µmol/L) and 4 (RC50= 218.277 µmol/L) compared with vitamin C (RC50= 17.033 µmol/L) showed antioxidant efficacy. The highest anticholinesterase activity was observed for compound 6 at 21.129 µM followed by compounds 3 and 4 at 251.130, 287.208 µM, respectively.
Renoprotective Effect of Broccoli Extract in Pre-pubertal Wistar Rats Exposed to Lead Acetate Toxicity
Authors: Venugopal Nithya , Jayaraman Radhika , Punniakotti Murali , Ramanujam Ganesh Munuswamy , Narayanan Abarajitha Shankara , Babu Shyamaladevi
Published: July 2024

Background: This study was aimed to assess the potential renoprotective properties of broccoli extract in pre-pubertal Wistar rats subjected to lead acetate-induced renal toxicity. Lead acetate poses a significant health threat due to its toxic effects on various organ systems, particularly the kidneys, which play a crucial role in waste elimination and maintaining physiological balance. Methods: The study design involves the administration of lead acetate to induce subchronic intoxication in experimental rats, alongside treatment with broccoli extract and vitamin E to assess their protective effects. Result: Biochemical analyses reveal significant increases in urea, uric acid, creatinine and BUN levels in the lead acetate-treated group, indicative of impaired renal function. However, treatment with broccoli extract demonstrates a significant reduction in these biomarkers, comparable to the effects observed with vitamin E treatment, suggesting potential renoprotective benefits. Histopathological examination corroborates these findings, with the lead acetate group exhibiting severe renal damage, including degeneration, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, while broccoli extract treatment partially mitigates these effects. The study highlights the importance of natural compounds like broccoli in combating heavy metal-induced renal toxicity and underscores the need for further investigation into their protective mechanisms. These findings hold implications for the development of preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions against lead-induced nephrotoxicity, offering valuable insights into the potential of broccoli extract as a natural renoprotective agent.
Functional Group Analysis of Silica Gel Based on River Sand Magnetic Mineral as Heavy Metal Absorbance
Authors: Meiliyadi Lalu Ahmad Didik , Rahman Muh. Zainur , Zain Zahida Aliatu
Published: July 2024

Functional group analysis of silica gel synthesized from river sand magnetic minerals using the sol-gel method was conducted. River sand magnetic mineral samples were taken from Sompang River, Lombok. The synthesis method used is a sol-gel method with variation of HCl acid 10 M and NH4OH base 10 M. Morphological characterization using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and mineral content analysis using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The morphology of the resulting silica gel is granular, showing crystalline properties with a silica concentration of 77.99 ± 0.17 atomic percent. Silica functional groups before absorption showed three stretching vibrations, namely OH group stretching vibrations in Si-OH and H2O at an absorption wavelength of 3669.77 cm-1, Si-O stretching vibrations from siloxane (Si-O-Si) at an absorption wavelength of 2858.51 cm-1 and Si-O asymmetric stretching vibrations from silanol (Si-OH) at an absorption wavelength of 962.88 cm-1. While the results of the analysis of silica gel after absorption show that almost all samples have vibrational absorption in the range of 400-500 cm-1. Other vibrational absorptions in silica samples that have been used as water filters indicate that the bonding between nano-silica as an absorber and heavy metals is due to the magnetic properties of nano-silica.
Análise físico-química e microbiológica do leite comercializado em Gurupi (TO, Brasil)
Authors: Bezerra Fabíola Ameida , Pereira Douglas Henrique , Sarmento Renato Almeida , Cavallini Grasiele Soares , Souza Nelson Luis Gonçalves Dias de
Published: July 2024

O leite bovino é uma bebida vastamente consumida e essencial para a alimentação de milhões de pessoas no mundo, pois provê importantes macro e micronutrientes, especialmente para crianças e adolescentes. Entre esses nutrientes pode-se citar; proteínas, cálcio, magnésio, fósforo, potássio, zinco, selênio, vitamina A, riboflavina, vitamina B-12 entre outros. Contudo, devido suas características físico-químicas ele é um excelente meio para o crescimento de microrganismos patógenos ou não patógenos, e por isso é necessário o tratamento térmico do leite in natura a fim de garantir a segurança alimentar. No Brasil a comercialização do leite in natura é proibida desde 1969, no entanto ainda é muito difundida no país. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as características físico-químicas e microbiológicas de amostras de leite in natura e pasteurizado comercializados na cidade de Gurupi–TO, a fim de determinar a qualidade e o risco do seu consumo. Como resultado dos parâmetros físico-químicos, verificou-se que apenas uma das amostras não estava dentro dos parâmetros de acidez previstos por lei e outra demostrou-se fora do parâmetro de densidade. Em relação os microbiológicos, os resultados foram mais preocupantes com todas as amostras apresentando altas quantidades de Coliformes totais, 83,3% testaram positivos para a presença de Coliforme termotolerantes, uma amostra indicou a presença de Salmonella ssp. e 83.3% e 75% das amostras apresentaram resultados ruins em relação aos parâmetros de Contagem Padrão em Placas e bolores/leveduras, respectivamente. Assim, o presente trabalho mostra a importância de não consumir o leite in natura e a necessidade de conscientizar a população que seu consumo envolve riscos a saúde. Por fim, indica a necessidade da fiscalização dos produtos comercializados a fim de garantir a saúde de população.
Caracterização físico-química e perfil volátil dos licores de frutos do Cerrado Brasileiro
Authors: Silva Flamys Lena do Nascimento , Reis Antonia Cássia de Sousa , Nascimento Natalia Mariana do , Santos Jéssyka Ribeiro , Santos Eliane Fialho , Rambo Magale Karine Diel
Published: July 2024

A rica biodiversidade brasileira, em especial as frutas nativas de alto valor nutricional, como o jenipapo e o murici, apresentam grande potencial econômico e se destacam na fabricação de licor artesanal. Para serem comercializados como bebida, precisam adequar-se aos padrões regulatórios de qualidade. Neste trabalho, foi realizada as análises físico-químicas de pH, acidez total titulável, densidade, resíduo seco e sólidos solúveis (°Brix) com os seguintes valores  para o licor de jenipapo: pH 3,18; 82,95 mg em ácido acético; 1,13 g/L, 42,16 % m/v, °Brix 36,1; respectivamente. Para o licor de murici pH 3,79; 1,71 g em ácido acético em 100 mL de amostra, 1,09 g/mL, 33,03 % m/v, °Brix 36. Apresentou-se ainda  a identificação de compostos voláteis através da técnica de microextração em fase sólida no modo headspace (HS-SPME), sincronizada em conjunto com a técnica de Cromatografia Gasosa Acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas (GC-MS), para a caracterização do perfil químico volátil dos licores artesanais de jenipapo e murici. As classes químicas relatadas no fruto do jenipapo foram ácidos carboxílicos (69,6%), seguida de terpenóides 10,1%; álcoois, 8,7%; ésteres, 6,6%; aldeídos e cetonas, 1,0%; e outros, 3,9%. Os principais compostos encontrados no aroma do jenipapo foram ácido hexanóico, ácido octanóico, ácido tetradecanóico, linalol e limoneno. Ésteres foram os mais abundantes compostos encontrados no licor de murici (37,5%), seguidos de aminas (11,99%), álcoois (8,57%), e cetonas (0,18%).
Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins: aspectos fisiográficos e uso do fogo
Authors: Silva Allan Deyvid Pereira da , Batista Antonio Carlos , Santos Micael Moreira , Ganassoli Neto Eduardo , Leite Olavo da Costa , Cachoeira Jader Nunes , Biondi Daniela , Giongo Marcos
Published: July 2024

A Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins é uma Unidade de Conservação de proteção integral situada no Cerrado brasileiro, na região do Jalapão onde está localizado o maior bloco de Unidades de Conservação do Cerrado, contemplando os estados do Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e a Bahia, e que juntas formam um contínuo de vegetação e corredores ecológicos importantes para a conservação da biodiversidade do Cerrado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar aspectos legais e fisiográficos da Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins, bem como de sua relação com o uso do fogo. Para isso, foram consultados trabalhos científicos publicados sobre a Unidade de Conservação, informações contidas em base de dados de órgãos federais e estaduais do Tocantins (IBAMA, ICMBio, MMA, ANA, IBGE, NATURATINS, SEFAZ-TO), bem como a legislação vigente que atribui territorialidade a EESGT. A partir da pesquisa realizada, depreendeu-se que a EESGT é uma das Unidades de Conservação mais importantes para preservação do Cerrado. O clima da região aliado as características da vegetação tornam o ambiente da EESGT extremamente ligado a ação do fogo, relacionando-o com diversos aspectos fisiográficos, podendo ser agente daninho ou instrumento de preservação e restauração de fauna, flora e solos. A gestão da EESGT vem desempenhando um papel importante que consegue conciliar a preservação ambiental com os aspectos culturais das comunidades tradicionais que ali vivem e consegue empregar conceitos e técnicas de manejo com uso do fogo modernas que têm contribuído para manutenção e recuperação do Cerrado na região do Jalapão.
Analisis Pertumbuhan Penerimaan Pajak Hotel di Kota Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Ariangga Damal , Utaminingtyas Tri Hesti , Perdana Petrolis Nusa
Published: July 2024

This research aims to exploring the growth rate of hotel tax revenues which in South Tangerang City in 2018-2022 and also the optimization efforts carried out by the Bapenda in increasing hotel tax revenues. This research use qualitative approach with descriptive method. This research consist of three informants with purposive sampling technique was used. The results of this research show that the growth rate of hotel tax revenues in South Tangerang City in the 2018-2022 period experienced fluctuating growth with a growth value of 9.67% in 2019 into unsuccessful criteria, -35.83% in 2020 into unsuccessful criteria, 17.84% in 2021 into unsuccessful criteria, and 31.11% in 2022 into has not been successful criteria. Meanwhile, the optimization efforts carried out by the Bapenda to increase hotel tax revenues through regional tax optimization strategy indicators have not been fully implemented well. Bapenda has only implemented two strategies out of five optimization strategies.
Pengaruh PAD, Tax Effort, dan Belanja Modal Terhadap Tingkat Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah
Authors: Syafira Frijunita  , Gurendrawati Etty , Utaminingtyas Tri Hesti
Published: July 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of regional own-source revenue (PAD), tax effort, and capital expenditure on the level of regional financial independence. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling. The analytical technique employed was panel data regression, with a sample size of 34 districts and/or cities. The data used in this study were secondary data obtained from the official websites of districts/cities in Central Java Province. The results of the t-test indicate that PAD has a positive effect on the level of regional financial independence. Tax effort does not significantly affect the level of regional financial independence. Capital expenditure also does not affect the level of regional financial independence. Meanwhile, the F-test results show that PAD, tax effort, and capital expenditure can be used to predict the level of regional financial independence
 
Keyword: PAD, Tax Effort, Capital Expenditure, The Level of Regional Financial Independence
Pengaruh Penghindaran Pajak, Kualitas Audit, Intensitas Modal, dan Leverage Terhadap Biaya Utang
Authors: Kristanti Ribka Angelina , Hasanah Nuramalia , Khairunnisa Hera
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how tax avoidance, audit quality, leverage, and capital intensity affect cost of debt. With a total observation sample of 170, this study analyzes secondary data from financial reports in the energy and raw materials sectors (mining companies) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2018–2022 timeframe. Purposive sampling is used in the sampling procedure, and panel data regression is analyzed using the Eviews 12 program. Therefore, the cost of debt is unaffected by tax avoidance, capital intensity, or leverage. Cost of Debt is negatively impacted by audit quality.
Analisis Rugi-Rugi Daya dan Jatuh Tegangan pada Saluran Transmisi 150 kV Gardu Induk Pandean Lamper-Pudak Payung
Authors: Khoirunnisa Ulfah , Bayu Murti Budi , Budiyanto Maun
Published: July 2024

Kebutuhan energi listrik kini meluas hingga daerah terpencil. Menurut KESDM, jumlah pelanggan rumah tangga dan industri di Jawa Tengah dan DIY meningkat dari 2020 hingga 2022. Untuk menjaga keseimbangan sistem dan mengakomodasi peningkatan beban maka diperlukan efisiensi penyaluran daya. Pada tahap transmisi, energi listrik dipindahkan dalam skala besar dari pembangkit ke gardu induk melalui SUTT 150 kV. Selama penyaluran energi tersebut sering terjadi kehilangan daya dan penurunan tegangan yang dipengaruhi oleh jarak transmisi, luas penampang konduktor, resistansi konduktor, dan beban. Untuk memastikan rugi-rugi daya dan jatuh tegangan tetap di bawah 5% sesuai Permen ESDM No. 20 Tahun 2020 maka diperlukan evaluasi apakah beban transmisi Gardu Induk Pandean Lamper-Pudak Payung sudah sesuai dengan kemampuan konduktor 1xACSR 240/40. Metode penelitian menggunakan data tegangan dan arus saat beban puncak yang dianalisis dengan perhitungan manual dan simulasi ETAP 19.0.1. Hasil persentase galat antara perhitungan manual dan simulasi di antara 0,5%-1%. Rugi-rugi daya terbesar terjadi pada tanggal 15 Januari 2024 sebesar 543 kW dari hasil perhitungan manual dan 563,5 kW dari hasil simulasi. Persentase nilai rugi-rugi daya mencapai 5,66%, di mana nilai tersebut sudah melebihi batas SPLN. Jatuh tegangan tertinggi sebesar 2,01% terjadi pada tanggal yang sama. Berdasarkan nilai tersebut maka SUTT 150 kV Gardu Induk Pandean Lamper-Pudak Payung telah mencapai beban maksimal dan perlu dilakukan peningkatan kapasitas transmisi dengan cara penambahan konduktor.
Kata kunci – saluran transmisi, rugi-rugi daya, jatuh tegangan, ETAP 19.0.1
Source, transport and fate of nitrate in shallow groundwater in the eastern Niger Delta
Authors: Aleku Dogo Lawrence , Dähnke Kirsten , Pichler Thomas
Published: July 2024

The eastern Niger Delta region in Nigeria is a hotspot for reactive nitrogen pollution due to extensive animal husbandry, pit latrine usage and agricultural practices. Despite the high level of human activity, the sources and processes affecting nitrogen in groundwater remain understudied. Groundwater nitrate (NO3−) concentrations are highly variable, with some areas recording values well above the safe drinking water threshold of 50 mg/L. This is particularly true near municipal sewage systems. Elevated nitrite (NO2−) and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations were also detected in the study area. Sewage analysis revealed NO3− concentrations ranging from 1 to 145 mg/L, NO2− from 0.2 to 2 mg/L, and notably high NH4+ concentrations. A comparison of major ions indicated that 71%, 90%, 87%, and 92% of groundwater samples surpassed reference site levels for calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl−), respectively, pointing to sewage as a likely source of contamination. The NO3−/Cl− ratios at several sites suggested that most groundwater NO3− originates from human waste. Stable isotope analysis of NO3− showed a general enrichment in 15N and, in some cases, a depletion in 18O, indicating that the NO3− originates from sewage-derived NH4+ nitrification. Although denitrification, a process that reduces NO3−, is present, the high dissolved oxygen (DO) and NO3− levels in the groundwater suggest that denitrification is insufficient to fully mitigate NO3− pollution. Consequently, there is a risk of NO3− leaching from shallow aquifers into the Niger Delta’s surface waters and ultimately into the coastal ocean.
Prevalence and Predictors of Hip Fragility Fractures Related Mortality Following Hip Surgery At a Tertiary Medical Centre Based in Sub Saharan Africa
Authors: Mlaki Goodluck Tumaini , Kyaruzi Victor Meza , Adinan Juma , Mandari Faitoni , Temu Rogers
Published: July 2024

Background: Fragility hip fracture not only is common among patient above 50 years who sustain fracture but also it is associated with very high mortality within 1 year post hip surgery. Moreover factors predicting mortality can be identified before hip surgery, modified and reduction of mortality can be achieved to our patients following hip fracture surgery.
Objective: We conducted a cross sectional analytical study which aimed at determining the prevalence and factors predicting early mortality among patients with fragility hip fractures who underwent the hip surgery at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre ( KCMC) from January 2017 to April 2022
Methods and Materials
Participants were selected by convenience sampling technique, all patients admitted with hip fractures at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) who met the inclusion criteria during the study period were recruited. The data were collected from patients’ medical files and Electronic Health Management System (EHMS) using a structured questionnaire and were processed and analyzed using SPSS version 27.
Results: The prevalence of fragility hip fracture was 4.24% among 6521 admitted trauma patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) during the study period. Male were predominant gender. 81.10% of patient were operated late; main reasons of delay were payment and comorbidities. Mortality within one year was 24.70% most death occurred within 3months accounting for 64.1%. Among the factors analyzed, the following variables showed statistically significant associations with mortality among patients who underwent surgical treatment for hip fragility fractures: Patients with Health Insurance had a significantly lower odds of death compared to those paying with cash (odds ratio = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01 - 0.84). Patients with a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) above and moderate score (3-4) had significantly higher odds of death compared to those with a mild score (1-2) (odds ratio = 7.70, 95% CI: 1.03 - 57.49). `Patients with higher ASA scores (ASA2) had significantly higher odds of death compared to those with ASA1 (odds ratio = 7.70, 95% CI: 1.03 - 57.49).
Conclusion Mortality within 1-year was very high. Most patients died within 3 months post-surgery. Most of our patient were operated late, payment and comorbidities were the main reasons of delaying hip surgery at our setting
The association between weight-adjusted waist circumference index and lumbar bone mineral density
Authors: Cao Dongdong , Yu Weijie , Chen Jixin , Yang Jialin , Guo Tianci , Niu Puyu , Liu Aifeng
Published: July 2024

Introduction
The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) is a novel metric developed for assessing fat and muscle mass, showing potential advantages over traditional measures like body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Despite its promise, the relationship between WWI and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore the association between lumbar BMD and WWI among adults in the United States.
Methods
Using data from the 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we selected adult participants aged 20 years and older. WWI and lumbar BMD were correlated using weighted multiple linear regression, and their non-linear connection was tested using smooth curve fitting. In addition, we conducted subgroup analyses and interaction tests.
Results
After adjusting for variables influencing lumbar BMD, analysis of 11,409 participants using a multiple linear regression model revealed a significant negative correlation between WWI and lumbar BMD. Subgroup analyses indicated consistent negative correlations across all subgroups, with race, gender, and BMI stratification significantly influencing the observed negative correlation.
Conclusions:
This study found a significant negative association between WWI and lumbar BMD in American adults. These findings contribute to understanding the complex relationship between obesity-related metrics and bone health, emphasizing the importance of considering WWI as a potential indicator in assessing bone density.
Hyper virulent Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Type CT 11424 of Listeria monocytogenes isolate causing stillbirth in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Muntasir , Islam Md Saiful , Jahan M Ishrat , Deb Arpita Shyama , Rahman Afruna , Chowdhury Atique Iqbal , Islam Kazi Munisul , Hossain Mohammad Zahid , Ahmed Dilruba , Arifeen Shams El , Gurley Emily S , Rahman Mustafizur
Published: July 2024

Background
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne pathogen that can lead to severe pregnancy outcomes. This study reports the clinical and genomic characteristics of a Listeria-mediated stillbirth identified through the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) project in Bangladesh. The Lm-BD-CHAMPS-01 isolate was recovered from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a male stillborn baby. Maternal history, clinical, and demographic data were collected by the CHAMPS surveillance platform. An expert panel evaluated all reports to determine the role of Lm infection in the causal chain of stillbirth. Genomic characterization included multilocus sequence typing (MLST), core genome MLST (cgMLST), serotyping, and the presence or absence of virulence and stress adaptation genes. Genetic divergence and phylogenetic analyses were conducted to determine the relationship with other reported isolates globally.
Results
The isolate Lm-BD-CHAMPS-01 was identified as a novel cgMLST CT11424. It belonged to ST 308, Serotype 4b, Clonal Complex 1, and Phylogenetic Lineage 1. Key Lm virulence genes facilitating the crossing of the placental barrier, including full-length inlA, LIPI-1, and LIPI-3, were detected. The isolate was closely related to clinical Lm isolates, as determined by Grapetree based on cgMLST. SNP-based phylogenetic analysis found Lm-BD-CHAMPS-01 to be the most distant from other CC1 isolates in the database. Possible sources of infection included the consumption of contaminated raw vegetables or exposure to pigeons.
Conclusions
The virulence profile of the first genome sequence of clinical Lm from Bangladesh, which also caused stillbirth, underscores the understudied nature of this pathogen in the region. Rural healthcare professionals should be aware of Lm infection risks during pregnancy. Pregnant women should be counseled on the dangers of consuming potentially contaminated raw food and exposure to animals or birds to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes due to Lm infection.
Efficacy of Erector Spinae Plane Block on Postoperative Analgesia for Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jinaworn Pongkwan , Pannangpetch Patt , Bunanantanasan Kamonchanok , Manomaisantiphap Siwaporn , Udomsawaengsup Suthep , Thepsoparn Marvin , Saeyup Pipat
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Bariatric surgery advocates multimodal analgesia, discouraging opioid use to minimize side effects such as nausea and vomiting during postoperative pain management for quicker recovery. Combining erector spinae plane block (ESPB) with multimodal analgesia aims to reduce opioid consumption, improving postoperative recovery. This study aimed to compare morphine consumption between patients with morbid obesity undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery with and without ESPB.
Methods: This study enrolled 91 patients with morbid obesity who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery involving either sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass. Of these, 63 patients were included in this study. The participants were randomly allocated to either the intervention group, which received an ESPB before the standard anesthesia protocol, or the control group without any pre-anesthesia block. The primary outcome measured was 24-h morphine consumption via a patient-controlled analgesia machine. Secondary outcomes included patients' satisfaction, postoperative numerical rating score, changes over time, and quality of recovery (QoR) using the Thai QoR-35 score.
Results: We found no statistically significant difference in morphine consumption between the intervention group, which received an ESPB before the standard anesthesia protocol, and the control group without any pre-anesthesia block. Furthermore, our analysis revealed no significant differences in patient satisfaction, postoperative numeric rating score, or QoR across all five aspects evaluated using the Thai QoR-35 score.
Conclusion: ESPB did not reduce morphine consumption and quality of recovery during laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Further studies are required to confirm and identify the reason of the ineffectiveness.
Educational Intervention Impact on Nurses' Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Models: A Longitudinal Randomized Trial
Authors: Fragkaki Maria , Kavga-Paltoglou Anna , Kelesi Martha , Fasoi Georgia
Published: July 2024

Background: Emotional intelligence plays a critical role in nursing leadership,influencing organizational dynamics and patient care. However, there is limitedunderstanding of the impact of Emotional Intelligence on leadership in Primary Health Care in theGreek context.
Methods: A longitudinal experimental design assessed the effects of an educationalintervention on Emotional Intelligence and leadership among Greek Primary Health Care nurses. Questionnaires,including the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale and MultifactorLeadership Questionnaire, were administered pre- and post-intervention.
Results: The intervention group exhibited significant improvements in Emotional Intelligence andadoption of transformational leadership styles compared to the control group. Tableshighlighted nuanced changes in leadership dynamics post-intervention.
Conclusion: Educational interventions effectively enhance nurses’ Emotional Intelligence and influenceleadership styles, emphasizing the need for tailored professional developmentprograms in nursing education.
Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical, registration reference: IRCT 20240126060816N1 (Trial ID 75188) at 30/01/2024 “retrospectively registered”.
Assessing Cognitive Function by a Virtual Reality Serious Game System in Schizophrenia Patients at Stable Phase: A prospective nonrandomized clinical trial
Authors: Li Xingxing , Zhuo Yu , Yu Jianying , Zhao Wenting , Wu Chenxin , Yan Kai , Yue Leiyu , Sun Yu , Xiong Qian , Cao Xi , Kou Xiaomin , Liu Zhenmi , Meng Xiandong
Published: July 2024

Background: Cognitive impairments are enduring characteristics and core deficits in patients of schizophrenia, particularly impairments in working memory and executive function. It is very important to accurately assess the true cognitive function of schizophrenia patients, but the existing assessment tools have shortcomings in the aspects of ecological assessment, immersion and fun assessment. Virtual reality (VR) technologies and serious games have shown potential in these aspects.
Methods: We conducted a prospective non-randomized controlled trial to explore the application of a VR serious game system, integrating VR technology and serious game, in assessing cognitive functions in patients with SZ. Forty-two patients with SZ and sixty-five healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. The system recorded and scored the participants' performance in the VR serious game. We compared the performance between patients with SZ and HCs, and further explored its association with the scores by Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (B-CATS). Further, machine learning models were established to classify patients with SZ and HCs.
Results: Significant differences were observed in the performances of VR serious game between the two groups. The performances of VR serious game was consistent with the scores by B-CATS, particularly in the SZ group. Machine learning models effectively classified patients with SZ and HCs based on results of VR serious game, with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve areas of 0.804 using Logistic Regression Machine model (LRM) and 0.819 using Support Vector Machine (SVM) model.
Conclusion: These findings emphasized the potential of utilizing VR serious game system as a cognitive assessment tool for patients with SZ at stable phase.
A retrospective analysis: incidence and risk factors of blood transfusion after lumbar spinal surgery
Authors: Huang Yuanyuan , Wu Changda , Hao Zihua , Dai Zhengfeng , Huang Wencheng , Wang Jian
Published: July 2024

Background
Blood transfusion is a frequently observed complication subsequent to lumbar spinal surgery (LSS), which may potentially result in a range of unfavorable consequences. However, a related large-scale multi-center analysis has not been conducted thus far.
Methods
A retrospective database analysis was performed using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, which is the largest comprehensive hospital care database in the United States. The analysis included the data from 2010 to 2019, evaluating the patient's demographic characteristics, health system data, comorbidities, and medical and surgical issues during the perioperative process.
Results
There were 931,789 patients undergoing LSS..The overall incidence rate of blood transfusion was found to be 7.3%, generally decreasing from 8.6% in 2010 to 5.0% in 2019. Patients undergoing LSS with blood transfusions exhibited a higher prevalence of comorbidities, prolonged length of stay, increased total hospitalization costs, and elevated in-hospital mortality rates. These patients were associated with complications including thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, postoperative shock, gastrointestinal bleeding, chest pain, respiratory failure, heart failure, hemorrhage, and wound infection. Risk factors associated with blood transfusion included advanced age (≥ 65 years), female, alcohol abuse, deficiency anemia, rheumatoid diseases, chronic blood loss anemia, congestive heart failure, coagulopathy, metastatic cancer, obesity, peripheral vascular disorders, chronic renal failure, solid tumor without metastasis, valvular disease.
Conclusion
Blood transfusion emerges as a frequent complication following LSS and several risk factors were identified, which will help ensure safe management of postoperative patients and improve outcomes. Clinicians should pay more attention to these factors, thereby improving perioperative management.
Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of 15-Month Ambulatory Long COVID in Unvaccinated Adults
Authors: Silva Rosilene da , Silva Camilla Costa , Silva Livia Caroline Machado da , Neves Pablo Fabiano Moura das , de Assis Gabriela Maria Coimbra Coelho , Berg Ana Virgínia Soares van den , Falcão Aline Semblano Carreira , Vasconcelos Pedro Fernando da Costa , Santos Eduardo José Melo dos , Vallinoto Antonio Carlos Rosário , Quaresma Juarez Antônio Simões , Falcão Luiz Fábio Magno
Published: July 2024

Background
The extent of long COVID-19 across the world seems uncertain. Existing studies have not fully elucidated the profile, extent, and progression of the disease or its long-term severity.
Objectives
We described and analysed the symptoms and sequelae of unvaccinated patients with long COVID for up to 15 months in the Brazilian Amazon.
Methods
We interviewed 300 patients aged 18 years or older with post-COVID-19 symptoms, screened based on a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, from September 2020 to July 2021 in a cross-sectional study.
Results
The median age of the patients was 47 years, and 62% were women. Our data suggest that those who had mild COVID-19 (61%) in the acute phase of illness appeared to have prolonged symptoms of COVID-19; 84% had symptoms for more than 3 months that persisted for up to 15 months. Acute symptoms of COVID-19 that persisted over the long COVID were observed in 43% of patients; 14% developed new symptoms, and 43% had new and persistent symptoms. Less tolerable symptoms such as fatigue and shortness of breath were more common in male patients with non-mild illnesses, whereas more tolerable symptoms, such as anosmia and taste changes, were more common in female patients with mild illnesses.
Conclusion
Our results suggest a high prevalence of some symptoms related to the post-COVID-19 phase as well as a supposed correlation between the duration of COVID-19 and the number of symptoms, which appear to increase over time. These results can be explained by factors such as the pathophysiology of the disease itself; however, more comparative studies are needed to elucidate the role of other factors, such as environmental and socioeconomic factors.
Iron metabolism indexes as predictors of the incidence of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney surgery
Authors: Chen Wenxiu , Zhang Hao , Shen Xiao , Hong Liang , Tao Hong , Xiao Jilai , Nie Shuai , Wei Meng , Chen Ming , Zhang Cui , Yu Wenkui
Published: July 2024

Background:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication following cardiac surgery. We explored the clinical utility of iron metabolism indexes for identification of patients at risk for AKI after cardiac surgery.
Methods: This prospective observational study included patients who underwent cardiac surgery between March 2023 and June 2023. Iron metabolism indexes were measured upon admission to the intensive care unit. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between iron metabolism indexes and cardiac surgery-associated AKI (CSA-AKI). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive ability of iron, APACHE II score and the combination of the two indicators. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) was used to further confirm the linear relationship between iron and CSA-AKI.
Results: Among the 112 recruited patients, 38 (33.9%) were diagnosed with AKI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that APACHE II score (odds ratio [OR], 1.208; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.003-1.455, P = 0.036) and iron (OR 1.069; 95% CI 1.009-1.133, P = 0.036) could be used as independent risk factors to predict CSA-AKI. ROC curve analysis showed that iron (area under curve[AUC] = 0.669, 95% CI 0.572-0.757), APACHE II score (AUC = 0.655, 95% CI 0.557-0.744) and iron and APACHE II score combination (AUC = 0.726, 95% CI 0.632-0.807) were predictive indicators for CSA-AKI. RCS further confirmed the linear relationship between iron and CSA-AKI.
Conclusions:Elevated iron levels were independently associated with higher risk of CSA-AKI, and there was a linear relationship between iron and CSA-AKI.