bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retracted Article: A high-throughput metabolomics strategy for discovering the influence of differential metabolites and metabolic pathways of huaxian capsules on sepsis-associated Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome
Authors: Liang Qun , Liu Han , Li Xiu-li , Sun Pei-yang , Yang Yang , Du Chunpeng
Published: October 2019

High-throughput metabolomics can be used to investigate the therapeutic targets and metabolic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine formulae.
Impact of metallic trace elements on relaxivities of iron-oxide contrast agents
Authors: Ma Ji , Chen Kezheng
Published: October 2019

Distribution of relaxivity loss can be well described by a modified GCAS function.
Fully automated radiosynthesis of [18F]fluoro-C-glyco-c(RGDfC): exploiting all the abilities of the AllInOne synthesizer
Authors: Collet Charlotte , Vucko Timothé , Ariztia Julen , Karcher Gilles , Pellegrini-Moïse Nadia , Lamandé-Langle Sandrine
Published: October 2019

Fully automated and modular radiosynthesis of [18F]fluoro-C-glyco-RGD conjugate.
Facile triflic acid-catalyzed α-1,2-cis-thio glycosylations: scope and application to the synthesis ofS-linked oligosaccharides, glycolipids, sublancin glycopeptides, and TN/TFantigens
Authors: Zhu Sanyong , Samala Ganesh , Sletten Eric T. , Stockdill Jennifer L. , Nguyen Hien M.
Published: October 2019

Studies ofS-linked glycoconjugates have attracted growing interest because of their enhanced chemical stability and enzymatic resistance overO-glycoside counterparts.
Activating the surface and bulk of hematite photoanodes to improve solar water splitting
Authors: Zhang Hemin , Park Jong Hyun , Byun Woo Jin , Song Myoung Hoon , Lee Jae Sung
Published: October 2019

Waking up the hematite lion: a simple electrochemical activation treatment leads to surface passivation outside and generation of oxygen vacancies inside, which greatly enhances photoelectrochemical water splitting.
Enantioselective construction of the tricyclic core of curcusones A–D via a cross-electrophile coupling approach
Authors: Wright Austin C. , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: October 2019

Rapid assembly of the carbocyclic core of the curcusone family of natural products is achieved using reductive cross coupling and ring-closing metathesis disconnections.
Bimetallic phosphosulfide Zn–Ni–P–S nanosheets as binder-free electrodes for aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors with impressive performance
Authors: Lei Xueyan , Ge Shicheng , Tan Yihong , Li Jing , Wang Zhi , Liu Ping , Feng Chao , Xiang Bin
Published: October 2019

Although Ni–P based metal phosphides have high theoretical specific capacity, the poor rate capability and cycling stability hinder their practical application.
Socially responsible supply chains with cost learning effects
Authors: Kong Junjun , Yang Feng , Liu Tianzhuo
Published: October 2019

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been attracting increasing attention. This paper investigates the implications of CSR upon a two-period manufacturer–retailer supply chain with cost learning effects which have been widely observed in different industries. Two scenarios are under consideration: the retailer exhibits CSR in one and the manufacturer does in the other. The analytical results demonstrate that compared with no CSR, the implementation of CSR generates higher pure profit for the entire chain. In contrast to the scenario where the manufacturer shows CSR, in the scenario where the retailer exhibits CSR, the manufacturer charges higher wholesale prices while the retailer charges lower retail prices, resulting in a higher chain-wide profit. Moreover, two-part tariff contracts are designed to coordinate the socially responsible supply chains. When coordinated, if the retailer exhibits CSR the wholesale prices are equal to the realized production cost which results from cost learning effects, while the wholesale prices are lower than the realized production cost if the manufacturer shows CSR. Interestingly, cost learning effects impair the pure profit of the coordinated supply chain when the effect of CSR is sufficiently high.
The role of EUS in diagnosis and treatment of liver disorders
Authors: Campos Sara , Poley Jan-Werner , van Driel Lydi , Bruno Marco J.
Published: October 2019

Background and aim Transabdominal ultrasound (US), computed tomographic scanning (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are established diagnostic tools for liver diseases. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is used to perform hepatic interventional procedures including biopsy, biliary drainage procedures, and radiofrequency ablation. Despite their widespread use, these techniques have limitations. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), a tool that has proven useful for evaluating the mediastinum, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and biliary tract, has an expanding role in the field of hepatology complementing the traditional investigational modalities. This review aimed to assess the current scientific evidence regarding diagnostic and therapeutic applications of EUS for hepatic diseases.
Comparison of small-bowel colon capsule endoscopy system to conventional colonoscopy for the evaluation of ulcerative colitis activity
Authors: Adler Samuel N. , González Lama Yago , Matallana Royo Virginia , Suárez Ferrer Cristina , Schwartz Avraham , Bar-Gil Shitrit Ariella
Published: October 2019

Background and aims Diagnosis and monitoring of ulcerative colitis (UC) includes conventional colonoscopy. This procedure is invasive and does not exclude small-bowel Crohn’s disease (CD). Current therapeutic goals include mucosal healing which may lead to an increased number of endoscopic procedures in many patients. The small-bowel colon capsule endoscopy (SBC-CE) system visualizes the small bowel and colon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and adverse events of SBC-CE in patients with UC.

Methods This was a prospective, feasibility study involving two study sites. Patients with active UC underwent SBC-CE and colonoscopy. Kappa statistics were performed to assess the agreement between SBC-CE and colonoscopy. Adverse events (AEs) data were collected throughout and following the procedure.

Results In total, 30 consecutive patients were recruited, and 23 of those were included in the final analysis. For the primary end point, evaluation of the extent of UC disease in the colon, the percent agreement between SBC-CE and colonoscopy was moderate (56.5 %); kappa coefficient 0.42. The percent agreement between SBC-CE and colonoscopy for UC disease activity, based on Mayo endoscopic sub-score, was 95.7 %; kappa coefficient 0.86. Disease activity in the more proximal small bowel was detected in two patients with SBC-CE. No SBC-CE device-related AEs were reported.

Conclusions When comparing SBC-CE to conventional colonoscopy, there was a moderate agreement for the extent of UC disease and a very good overall agreement between the two modalities for UC disease activity.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy is superior to fine-needle aspiration in assessing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Leeds John S , Nayar Manu K. , Bekkali Noor L.H. , Wilson Colin H. , Johnson Sarah J. , Haugk Beate , Darne Antony , Oppong Kofi W.
Published: October 2019

Background and study aims Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) outcomes are dependent upon grading by Ki67. This study compared endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) to fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in assessing PanNETs.

Patients and methods All pancreatic histology for PanNET between January 2009 and June 2017 was included if EUS sampling was performed prior to surgical resection. Ki67 and grade from FNA and FNB samples was compared to surgical histology using correlation coefficient and kappa values. Subgroup analysis was performed for purely solid lesions, lesions < 2 cm and FNB needle type.

Results One hundred sixity-four patients had PanNET of which 57 underwent surgical resection. Thirty-five lesions underwent FNA and 26 FNB (4 had both) confirming PanNET. 23/ of 35 FNA samples reported Ki67/grading compared to all 26 FNB samples (P = 0.0006). Compared to surgical histology, Ki67 on FNA correlated poorly overall (r = –0.08), in solid lesions (r = –0.102) and lesions < 2 cm (r = –0.149) whereas FNB correlated moderately overall (r = 0.65), in solid lesions (r = 0.64) and lesions < 2 cm (r = 0.61). Tumor grade showed poor agreement (kappa) with FNA overall (0.026), in solid lesions (0.044) and lesions < 2 cm (0.00) whereas FNB showed moderate-good agreement overall (0.474), in solid lesions (0.58) and lesions < 2 cm (0.745). Fork-tip FNB needles Ki67 showed strong correlation with surgical histology (r = 0.788) compared to reverse bevel FNB needles (r = 0.521). Both FNB needles showed moderate agreement with tumor grade.

Conclusion FNB samples were significantly more likely than FNA to provide adequate material for Ki67/grading and showed a closer match to surgical histology. FNB needle types require prospective investigation.
„Versorgungsforscher übernehmen Verantwortung“
Authors: Schmitt Jochen , Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika
Published: October 2019

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen, sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,

die Versorgungsforschung hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren in Deutschland zu einer tragenden Säule der medizinischen Forschung entwickelt. Sie kann heute auch hierzulande als etabliert gelten. Dies verdanken wir klugen Förderprogrammen des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit (BMG) und nicht zuletzt dem Innovationsfonds des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (G-BA).
Gastric Pneumatosis: Emphysematous Gastritis versus Gastric Emphysema
Authors: Paliwal Amit Kumar , Girdhar Sachin , Pattanayak Somali , Kumar Brajesh
Published: October 2019

Presence of air in the wall of the stomach is known as gastric pneumatosis. It may be associated with a benign condition like gastric emphysema (GE) to life threatening condition emphysematous gastritis (EG). Differentiation between two entities based on clinical presentation, predisposing factors, and radiological findings is important as EG has more complications and higher rates of mortality. The treatment in GE is conservative while treatment in EG is evolving. We present a case of a diabetic patient who developed EG following abdominal surgery and managed conservatively with favorable outcome.
Composites Associated with Pulp-Protection Material: Color-Stability Analysis after Accelerated Artificial Aging
Authors: Cruvinel Diogo Rodrigues , Garcia Lucas da Fonseca Roberti , Consani Simonides , Pires-de-Souza Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri
Published: October 2019

Objectives: This study assessed the color stability of two composites associated with two pulp protectors submitted to accelerated artificial aging (AAA).

Methods: 60 test specimens were made with 0.5 mm of protection material (calcium hydroxide - CH or glass ionomer cement - GIC) and 2.5 mm of restoration material (Concept or QuixFil) and divided into 3 groups (n=10) according to the type of protection material/composite, and the control group (no protection). After polishing, color readings were obtained with a spectrophotometer (PCB 6807 Byk Gardner) before and after AAA for 384 hours, and L*, a*, and b* coordinates and total color variation (ΔE) were analyzed (2-way ANOVA, Bonferroni, α=05).

Results: Composites placed on CH presented lower L* levels than those on GIC, which presented higher L* values than the control group and lower b* values than those of the CH group. The Concept composite presented higher ΔE levels for all groups, differing statistically from QuixFil, except when placed on GIC.

Conclusions: It was concluded that the protection material could affect the color stability and AAA is a factor that enhances this effect, depending on the type of composite used. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:6-11)
Monomer Release from Resin Based Dental Materials Cured With LED and Halogen Lights
Authors: Ak Asli Topaloglu , Alpoz A. Riza , Bayraktar Oguz , Ertugrul Fahinur
Published: October 2019

Objectives: To measure the release of TEGDMA and BisGMA from two commercially available composite resins; Filtek Z 250 (3M ESPE, Germany), Leaddent (Leaddent, Germany) and two fissure sealants; Helioseal F (3M ESPE, Germany) Enamel Loc (Premiere Rev, USA) over 1, 3 and 7 days after polymerization with standard quartz-tungsten halogen Coltolux II (QHL) (Coltene Switzerland) and a standard blue light emitting diode Elipar Freelight 2 (3M ESPE, Germany).

Methods: 9 samples of each material were placed in disc shaped specimens in 1 mm of thickness and 10 mm in diameter (n=36). Each material was polymerized using LED for 20 s (n=12), 40 s (n=12) and halogen for 40 s (n=12), respectively. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the amount of monomers released over 1, 3 and 7 days. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons with a significance level of .05.

Results: LED 20 sec group showed the highest release of monomers at 1, 3 and 7 days in sealant groups. Halogen 40 sec group resulted highest release of monomers for Leaddent at all time intervals (P<.05)

Conclusions: Efficiency of the curing unit and applying the recommended curing time of the light activated resin based dental materials is very important to protect the patient from potential hazards of residual monomers. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:34-40)
The REVision Using Imaging to Guide Staging and Evaluation (REVISE) in ACL Reconstruction Classification
Authors: de SA Darren , Crum Raphael J. , Rabuck Stephen , Ayeni Olufemi , Bedi Asheesh , Baraga Michael , Getgood Alan , Kaar Scott , Kropf Eric , Mauro Craig , Peterson Devin , Vyas Dharmesh , Musahl Volker , Lesniak Bryson P.
Published: October 2019

Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) procedures are increasing in incidence and possess markedly inferior clinical outcomes (76% satisfaction) and return-to-sports (57%) rates than their primary counterparts. Given their complexity, a universal language is required to identify and communicate the technical challenges faced with revision procedures and guide treatment strategies. The proposed REVision using Imaging to guide Staging and Evaluation (REVISE) ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) Classification can serve as a foundation for this universal language that is feasible and practical with acceptable inter-rater agreement. A focus group of sports medicine fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons was assembled to develop a classification to assess femoral/tibial tunnel “usability” (placement, widening, overlap) and guide the revision reconstruction strategy (one-stage vs. two-stage) post–failed ACL reconstruction. Twelve board-certified sports medicine orthopaedic surgeons independently applied the classification to the de-identified computed tomographic (CT) scan data of 10 patients, randomly selected, who failed ACL reconstruction. An interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated (with 95% confidence intervals) to assess agreement among reviewers concerning the three major classifications of the proposed system. Across surgeons, and on an individual patient basis, there was high internal validity and observed agreement on treatment strategy (one-stage vs. two-stage revision). Reliability testing of the classification using CT scan data demonstrated an ICC (95% confidence interval) of 0.92 (0.80–0.98) suggesting “substantial” agreement between the surgeons across all patients for all elements of the classification. The proposed REVISE ACL Classification, which employs CT scan analysis to both identify technical issues and guide revision ACL treatment strategy (one- or two-stage), constitutes a feasible and practical system with high internal validity, high observed agreement, and substantial inter-rater agreement. Adoption of this classification, both clinically and in research, will help provide a universal language for orthopaedic surgeons to discuss these complex clinical presentations and help standardize an approach to diagnosis and treatment to improve patient outcomes. The Level of Evidence for this study is 3.
Results of Using a “2-in-1” Single-Stage Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Infection with Associated Bone Loss: Prospective 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Holland George , Brown Gavin , Goudie Stuart , Brenkel Ivan , Walmsley Philip J.
Published: October 2019

Prosthetic joint infections provide a complex challenge for management, owing to their often difficult diagnoses, need for multiple surgeries, and increased technical and financial requirements. The ‘2 in 1’ single-stage approaches have been recently advocated in the field of arthroplasty on account of their reduction in risks, costs, and complications. The aim of our study was to investigate the outcomes of this variant of single-stage revision, which is used in the setting of infection following primary total knee replacement (TKR) and associated bone loss. Prospective data were collected from all patients presenting with an infection following primary TKR over an 8-year period (2009–2017). We examined revision procedures that were undertaken as a single-stage procedure and had bone loss present. Patients were followed-up for evidence of recurrent infection. Functional assessments were conducted using range of motion, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), American Knee Society Score (AKSS), and Short Form-12 (SF-12) survey. Twenty-six patients were included in the analysis, two of whom had previously failed 2 stage revision; another three among them had failed debridement, antibiotics, irrigation, and implant retention procedures. The mean age was 72.5 years, mean body mass index was 33.4, and median American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification was 2. The mean time to revision was 3.5 years (3 months to 12 years). Six patients had actively been discharging sinuses at the time of surgery. Only 4/26 patients possessed no positive microbiological cultures from deep tissue samples or joint aspirates. One patient was afflicted with a recurrence of infection. This patient did not require further surgery and was successfully treated with the help of long-term antibiotic suppression. There were statistically significant improvements in both the pain component of AKSS scores (preoperative 4.3 to postoperative 32.4) and the functional component of AKSS scores (preoperative 10.7 to postoperative 15.7). There was no significant improvement in flexion; however, mean extension (increased from 18.5 to 6.9 postoperative) and total range of motion (increased from 69.2 preoperative to 90.3 postoperative) both showed statistically significant improvements. The use of “2-in-1” single-stage revision can be considered as an effective option for treating infection following TKR and associated bone loss.
A Comparative Study of Orotracheal Intubation Guided by Airtraq and McCoy Laryngoscope in Patients with Rigid Cervical Collar In-situ Simulating Cervical Immobilization for Traumatic Cervical Spine Injury
Authors: Diwan Akhil , Purohit Shobha
Published: October 2019

Background Immobilization of cervical spine is of utmost importance in patients with cervical injury, making intubation a difficult task due to the application of cervical collar. This study was done to assess which laryngoscope (Airtraq or McCoy) is better for intubation and prevents the deleterious effects of hypoxia by comparing the intubation time.

Methods A prospective interventional randomized study was undertaken in 60 adult patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II, aged between 20 and 50 years, scheduled for various surgical procedures requiring tracheal intubation for anesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated to undergo intubation with either the Airtraq (Group A; n = 30) laryngoscope or McCoy (Group B; n = 30). Patients were intubated following the standard anesthetic protocol, and the differences in duration of intubation, changes in the hemodynamic parameters in response to intubation, modified intubation difficulty score, and airway complications between the Airtraq and the McCoy laryngoscope were compared.

Results Overall intubation success rates were 100% with both devices and a similar number of intubation attempts were required. Though the mean time required for successful intubation was less with the Airtraq (25.2 ± 5.11 seconds) than the McCoy laryngoscope (27.3 ± 4.47 seconds); it was statistically insignificant (p = 0.14). Intubation difficulty score and ease of insertion were significantly less in Airtraq laryngoscope when compared with McCoy laryngoscope. Increase in the heart rate and mean arterial pressure was significantly more just after intubation with McCoy in comparison with Airtraq laryngoscope. However, the frequencies of airway complications were similar.

Conclusion Intubation time despite being lesser with the Airtraq than the McCoy laryngoscope was statistically insignificant, and overall success rates between the two devices were similar.
Effect of Previous Calcium Hydroxide Dressing on the Sealing Properties of the New Endodontic Cement Apical Barrier
Authors: Bidar Maryam , Disfani Reza , Gharagozlo Salman , Rouhani Armita , Forghani Maryam
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Using the fluid filtration method, an in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the effects of medication with calcium hydroxide on the sealing ability of the New Endodontic Cement (NEC) apical barrier in the short and long terms. Methods: Fifty extracted single rooted teeth were prepared and apical resorption produced using acid sulfuric for four days. The teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n=20) and two control groups. In group 1, calcium hydroxide was placed into all canals for one week and in group 2, no medication was used. In both groups, a 4 mm NEC apical plug was placed in the canals and the remaining portion of the canals was filled with gutta-percha. The amount of microleakage of all samples was evaluated after one week and three months. The data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in either time period (P>.05). In both group 1 and group 2, microleakage increased after three months but this increase was not statistically significant (P>.05). Conclusions: According to the result of this study, medication with calcium hydroxide had no adverse effect on the short- and long-term sealing properties of an NEC apical plug. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:260-264)
Characteristics of occlusion in primary dentition of preschool children of Udaipur, India
Authors: Hegde Sapna , Panwar Sunil , Bolar Dinesh Rao , Sanghavi Mitesh Bharat
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study aimed to study the occlusion characteristics of the primary dentition in a group of 3-5 year-old Indian children and the differences with age in the same group.

Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey based on examination of the primary dentition of 200 preschool children aged 3-5 years who were selected from nursery schools in Udaipur, India, using a stratified random sampling technique. The study group was assessed for the several occlusal parameters, which included primary molar and canine relationship, degree of overjet and overbite, anterior and posterior crossbite, and the presence or absence of physiologic spaces and crowding.

Results: Flush terminal plane was more common at 3-4 years of age, mesial step at 4-5 years, and class I canine relationship in both age groups. The prevalence of overjet less than 1 mm and overjet exceeding 1 mm was almost comparable in both groups. Overbite with less than 30% overlap was most frequently observed in both age groups, with 30-60% overlap following closely behind. Physiologic and primate spacing were observed in less than half of the children examined, while a small percentage displayed the presence of either single-segment or two-segment crowding.

Conclusion: The present study provided insight into the state of dentition, occlusal pattern, spacing, and crowding in the primary dentition of Indian children of Udaipur. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:51-55)
Tamm plasmon photonic crystals: From bandgap engineering to defect cavity
Authors: Ferrier Lydie , Nguyen Hai Son , Jamois Cécile , Berguiga Lotfi , Symonds Clémentine , Bellessa Joël , Benyattou Taha
Published: October 2019

Photonic bandgap engineering plays a key role in modern photonics since it allows for an ultimate control of photon propagation in periodic dielectric or metallic media. Tamm plasmon structures are a particularly attractive platform since the electromagnetic field can be completely controlled by patterning the thin metal layer. Up to now, only macroscopic patterning (larger than the operation wavelength) has been experimentally demonstrated, leading to 3D confinement of light but suffering from a lack of fine control of the dispersion properties of Tamm plasmons. Here, we report for the first time the opening of a bandgap in Tamm plasmon structures via subwavelength-periodic patterning of the metallic layer. By adopting a “double period” design, we experimentally put into evidence a photonic bandgap for the TE polarization up to 150 nm wide in the telecom wavelength range. Moreover, such a design offers a great flexibility to tailor on-demand, and independently, the bandgap size from 30 nm to 150 nm and its spectral position within a range of 50 nm. Finally, by implementing a defect cavity within the Tamm plasmon photonic crystal, a 1.6 μm cavity supporting a single highly confined Tamm mode is experimentally demonstrated. All experimental results are in perfect agreement with numerical calculations. Our results demonstrate the possibility to engineer novel band dispersion with surface modes of hybrid metallic/dielectric structures, thus opening the way to applications in topological photonics, metamaterials, and parity-time symmetry physics.
Fabrication and field emission characteristics of surface-conduction electron-emission with ZnO nanorods based on planar-gate
Authors: Lin J. Y. , He X. L. , Huang S. H.
Published: October 2019

In this paper, surface-conduction field emission (SCFE) device based on planar-gate triode with in-situ grown ZnO nanorods as the emitter has been fabricated. The ZnO nanorods are controlled to orientable grow by thermal evaporation on a substrate, and their microstructures are analyzed through XRD and SEM. The results show that the one-dimensional ZnO nanorods were rod-shaped, up to 200 nm in diameter and approximately 15 μm in length. They are of oriental growth, uniform in size and perpendicular to the substrate. With the screen-printing, a planar-gate surface conduction device is fabricated, and its field emission characteristics are tested. The test results indicate that the threshold voltage of the planar-gate ZnO-SCFE device decreases with the increase of the anode voltage. When the gate voltage is 62 V, the electron emission efficiency of the device is 36.1%, higher than the reported surface emission display (SED) emission efficiency. Besides, the proposed device has good modulated effect and stability, indicating that it is of good field emission characteristics.
Fluid-structure investigation of a squid-inspired swimmer
Authors: Bi Xiaobo , Zhu Qiang
Published: October 2019

We propose a novel underwater propulsion system inspired by the jet-propelled locomotion mechanism of squids and other cephalopods. A two-dimensional nonaxisymmetric fluid-structural interaction model is developed to illustrate the physical mechanisms involved in the propulsive performance of this design. The model includes a deformable body with a pressure chamber undergoing periodic inflation and deflation motions enabled by attached springs and a nozzle through which the chamber is refilled and discharged (to form a jet). By using an immersed-boundary algorithm, we numerically investigate the dynamics of this system in the tethered mode. The thrust generation is found to increase with the frequency of body deformation, whereas the efficiency reaches a peak at a certain frequency. Examinations of the surrounding flow field illustrate a combination of vortices shed from the body and the nozzle. The optimal efficiency is reached when the nozzle-generated vortices start to dominate the wake. Our simulations also suggest that steady-state response can only be sustained for a few cycles before the wake is disturbed by a symmetry-breaking instability, which significantly affects the propulsive performance. Special strategies are needed to achieve stable long-distance swimming.
Translational and rotational motion of disk-shaped Marangoni surfers
Authors: Sur Samrat , Masoud Hassan , Rothstein Jonathan P.
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we study the Marangoni propulsion of a neutrally buoyant disk-shaped object at the air-water interface. Self-propulsion was achieved by coating the back of the disk with either soap or isopropyl alcohol in order to generate and then maintain a surface tension gradient across the surfer. As the propulsion strength and the resulting disk velocity were increased, a transition from a straight-line translational motion to a rotational motion was observed. Although spinning had been observed before for asymmetric objects, these are the first observations of spinning of a geometrically axisymmetric Marangoni surfer. Particle tracking and particle image velocimetry measurements were used to interrogate the resulting flow field and understand the origin of the rotational motion of the disk. These measurements showed that as the Reynolds number was increased, interfacial vortices attached to sides of the disk were formed and intensified. Beyond a critical Reynolds number of Re > 120, a vortex was observed to shed resulting in an unbalanced torque on the disk that caused it to rotate. The interaction between the disk and the confining wall of the Petri dish was also studied. Upon approaching the bounding wall, a transition from straight-line motion to rotational motion was observed at significantly lower Reynolds numbers than on an unconfined interface. Interfacial curvature was found to either enhance or eliminate rotational motion depending on whether the curvature was repulsive (concave) or attractive (convex).
Characterization and analysis of FAxCs(1−x) Pb(IyBr(1−y))3 perovskite solar cells with thickness controlled transport layers for performance optimization
Authors: Valerio L. , De La Rosa A. , Rodriguez V. , Enriquez C. , Telles A. , Ramirez Y. , Rivera D. , Hierro J. , Bustamante L. , Tong X. , Hodges D.
Published: October 2019

Strong characterization methods are needed to fully comprehend the chemistry and composition of perovskite solar cells. Understanding the interaction between layers inside a cell and how they react with the environment is important to achieve optimum manufacturing processes, and improve efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Here, we probe a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite cell structure formed by a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), cassiterite (SnO2), mixed halide perovskite, Spiro-OMeTAD and silver layers. We have demonstrated a power conversion efficiency (PCE) greater than 19% and aVoc of more than 1.1 V for a wide-band gap (1.6 eV) perovskite solar cell.
Study of drop impact on thin fibers helps with net design for water collection
Authors: Gasparini Allison
Published: October 2019

Researchers studying how drops impact thin fibers helps us understand how water may be collected.
Massive galaxies from the early universe found hiding in plain sight
Authors: Hill Heather M.
Published: October 2019

Detection at a new wavelength reveals ancient galaxies in higher numbers than observed previously or predicted.
Cal-Bridge: Creating pathways to the PhD for underrepresented students in physics and astronomy
Authors: Rudolph Alexander L.
Published: October 2019

The Cal-Bridge program connects promising juniors and seniors from underrepresented groups with STEM faculty mentors to help smooth the transition from undergraduate to graduate programs.
A new twist on the quantum vacuum
Authors: Munday Jeremy N.
Published: October 2019

A subtle macroscopic effect in the space between two birefringent plates produces a measurable Casimir torque.
Cell mechanosensing is regulated by substrate strain energy rather than stiffness
Authors: Panzetta Valeria , Fusco Sabato , Netti Paolo A.
Published: October 2019

Significance

In the long-lasting debate about the duality of the force/deformation cell sensing mechanism we focused attention on the question of whether the cell is sensitive to the stiffness or to the energy required to deform the surrounding material. To address the role of strain energy as a regulator of cell mechanosensing we investigated the cytoskeleton mechanics of cells seeded on linearly elastic substrates, applying several levels of deformation before and after cell seeding. The results indicated that cells recognize the prestrain, exhibiting a stiffer cytoskeleton on stretched material compared to cells seeded on unstretched substrate. This observation clearly suggests that cell mechanosensing is not mediated only by the stiffness but also by the deformation energy of the substrate.
Muscle acetylcholine receptor conversion into chloride conductance at positive potentials by a single mutation
Authors: Cetin Hakan , Epstein Max , Liu Wei W. , Maxwell Susan , Rodriguez Cruz Pedro M. , Cossins Judith , Vincent Angela , Webster Richard , Biggin Philip C. , Beeson David
Published: October 2019

Significance

We report on a single mutation in the α1-subunit M2 helix (p.α1Leu251Arg) of the muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR) found in a patient with congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) that is shown to convert the AChR into chloride conductance at positive potentials. Constriction of the channel pore with partial desolvation and stabilization of the permeating chloride ions by the arginine residues is revealed as the underlying mechanism. This article is of general interest because it describes a mechanism for the transformation of the muscle AChR into an inhibitory channel, and presents a report of charge selectivity conversion in association with a naturally occurring single mutation. Our findings might also give explanation to a pathomechanism in CMS.
The conflict between adaptation and dispersal for maintaining biodiversity in changing environments
Authors: Thompson Patrick L. , Fronhofer Emanuel A.
Published: October 2019

Dispersal and adaptation both allow species to persist in changing environments. Yet, we have limited understanding of how these processes interact to affect species persistence, especially in diverse communities where biotic interactions greatly complicate responses to environmental change. Here we use a stochastic metacommunity model to demonstrate how dispersal and adaptation to environmental change independently and interactively contribute to biodiversity maintenance. Dispersal provides spatial insurance, whereby species persist on the landscape by shifting their distributions to track favorable conditions. In contrast, adaptation allows species to persist by allowing for evolutionary rescue. But, when species both adapt and disperse, dispersal and adaptation do not combine positively to affect biodiversity maintenance, even if they do increase the persistence of individual species. This occurs because faster adapting species evolve to hold onto their initial ranges (i.e., monopolization effects), thus impeding slower adapting species from shifting their ranges and thereby causing extinctions. Importantly, these differences in adaptation speed emerge as the result of competition, which alters population sizes and colonization success. By demonstrating how dispersal and adaptation each independently and interactively contribute to the maintenance of biodiversity, we provide a framework that links the theories of spatial insurance, evolutionary rescue, and monopolization. This highlights the expectation that the maintenance of biodiversity in changing environments depends jointly on rates of dispersal and adaptation, and, critically, the interaction between these processes.
Prosodic focalization strategies in the political discourse
Authors: Perea Siller Francisco Javier
Published: October 2019

The aim of this article is to analyse the strategies for focus marking in four interactions in a political debate.
Such debate, known as 7D, was broadcasted on December 7th, 2015 on La Sexta. The politics who
took part were Pedro Sánchez (representative of the Partido Socialista Obrero Español), Albert Rivera (representing Ciudadanos),
Pablo Iglesias (Podemos) and Soraya Sáenz (Partido Popular). I will analyse the procedures used by the speakers to focalize parts
of their formal spontaneous speech, such as the fundamental frequency, duration and loudness in tonic vowels, as well as the rate
of speech and pauses among other strategies.
Interpreting in Spanish criminal courts
Authors: Vigier Moreno Francisco J.
Published: October 2019

The quality of the interpreting carried out in criminal courts has come to the fore in Spain with the entry into force of domestic legislation transposing Directive 2010/64/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 October 2010, on the right to interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings, and Directive 2012/13/EU of 22 May 2012, on the right to information in criminal proceedings, which enshrines translation and interpreting as an essential element within procedural guarantees.

The TIPp project was aimed at developing resources that facilitate court interpreters’ tasks based on the data obtained from a representative corpus of authentic interpreter-mediated criminal proceedings. In this contribution we describe and analyse the corpus, highlighting aspects such as the interpreter’s mother tongue, the type of offence that was tried, the procedural situation of the non Spanish-speaking user and whether there was whispered interpreting or the interpreter was given any instruction.
Technical determinants of tackle and ruck performance in International Rugby Sevens
Authors: Hendricks Sharief , Sin Drew Wade , van Niekerk Tiffany , den Hollander Steve , Brown James , Maree Willie , Treu Paul , Lambert Mike
Published: October 2019

Rugby Sevens (‘Sevens’) is one of the fastest growing sports in the world. This growth was marked by the inclusion of the sport in the Olympic Games in 2016. The most frequently occurring contact events in Sevens are the tackle and ruck. Performing specific techniques during these contact events can reduce the risk of injury and increase the likelihood of success. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the technical determinants associated with tackle and ruck performance outcomes in Sevens. A total of 4799 tackles and 1405 rucks from the 2014/2015 HSBC Sevens World Series were coded for contact, post‐contact, ruck, match contextual variables and outcomes. Relative risk ratio (RR), the ratio of the probability of an outcome occurring when a variable was observed, was determined using multinomial logistic regression. A moderate ball‐carrier leg drive reduced the probability of losing possession by 25% (RR 0.75, 95% CI, 0.58–0.97, p < .05). Conversely, ball‐carriers had a 53% higher likelihood of losing possession when the tackler executed a moderate leg drive (RR 1.53, 95% CI, 1.09–2.14, p ≤ .05). Maintaining possession at the ruck was more likely to occur when committing one attacker compared to two (RR 0.31, 95% CI, 0.19–0.49, p < .001). Active ball‐carrier placement also increased the likelihood of maintaining possession at the ruck (RR 14.67, 95% CI, 9.55–22.56, p < .001). Sevens coaches and trainers can now positively design evidence‐based technical training programmes and emphasise specific tackle techniques in training using data from Sevens video analysis. Also, given that this is the first study to relate tackle technical determinants to an outcome (i.e. the first ‘how’ study) in Sevens, this work provides the foundation for similar Sevens video analysis studies in the future.
On the ratio of lapses in bimetric relativity
Authors: Kocic Mikica , Lundkvist Anders , Torsello Francesco
Published: October 2019

The two lapse functions in the Hassan–Rosen bimetric theory are not independent. Without knowing the relation between them, one cannot evolve the equations in the 3+1 formalism. This work computes the ratio of lapses for the spherically symmetric case, which is a prerequisite for numerical bimetric relativity.
Strong polarization of individual nuclear spins weakly coupled to nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond
Authors: Yun Jiwon , Kim Kiho , Kim Dohun
Published: October 2019

We experimentally demonstrate high degree of polarization of 13C nuclear spins weakly interacting with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We combine coherent microwave excitation pulses with optical illumination to provide controlled relaxation and achieve a polarity-tunable, fast nuclear polarization of degree higher than 85% at room temperature for remote 13C nuclear spins exhibiting hyperfine interaction strength with NV centers of the order of 600 kHz. We show with the aid of numerical simulation that the anisotropic hyperfine tensor components naturally provide a route to control spin mixing parameter so that highly efficient nuclear polarization is enabled through careful tuning of nuclear quantization axis by external magnetic field. We further discuss spin dynamics and wide applicability of this method to various target 13C nuclear spins around the NV center electron spin. The proposed control method demonstrates an efficient and versatile route to realize, for example, high-fidelity spin register initialization and quantum metrology using nuclear spin resources in solids.
Laser-driven acceleration of quasi-monoenergetic, near-collimated titanium ions via a transparency-enhanced acceleration scheme
Authors: Li J , Forestier-Colleoni P , Bailly-Grandvaux M , McGuffey C , Arefiev A V , Bulanov S S , Peebles J , Krauland C , Hussein A E , Batson T , Fernandez J C , Palaniyappan S , Johnson R P , Petrov G M , Beg F N
Published: October 2019

Laser-driven ion acceleration has been an active research area in the past two decades with the prospects of designing novel and compact ion accelerators. Many potential applications in science and industry require high-quality, energetic ion beams with low divergence and narrow energy spread. Intense laser ion acceleration research strives to meet these challenges and may provide high charge state beams, with some successes for carbon and lighter ions. Here we demonstrate the generation of well collimated, quasi-monoenergetic titanium ions with energies ∼145 and 180 MeV in experiments using the high-contrast (<10−9) and high-intensity (

6
×

10

20

W

cm

−
2

) Trident laser and ultra-thin (∼100 nm) titanium foil targets. Numerical simulations show that the foils become transparent to the laser pulses, undergoing relativistically induced transparency (RIT), resulting in a two-stage acceleration process which lasts until ∼2 ps after the onset of RIT. Such long acceleration time in the self-generated electric fields in the expanding plasma enables the formation of the quasi-monoenergetic peaks. This work contributes to the better understanding of the acceleration of heavier ions in the RIT regime, towards the development of next generation laser-based ion accelerators for various applications.
Investigation of an alleged PLC hacking on sea vessels
Authors: Billard D.
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a case of alleged PLC (Programmable Logic controller) hacking aboard a commercial ship, and the forensic investigation of PLC components. It presents the lessons drawn from this case and the particular difficulty of investigating PLC and SCADA systems onboard. Whereas hacking is often seen as taking control of a ship, or part of a ship, it is also related to the alteration of the sensors, the PLCs, the data logger or the SCADA systems. This alteration can be done from a hacking group but in the investigated case, it is more likely an action triggered either by the ship owner, or the ship manufacturer himself. This paper also advocates for an addition of a section concerning cybersecurity in the SOLAS - Safety Of Life At Sea - convention or one of other IMO (International Maritime Organization) conventions.
Perception of stiffness trend in city residential buildings
Authors: Prada Botía G C , Rojas Suárez J P , Orjuela Abril M S
Published: October 2019

In this project, a descriptive research was carried out in order to analyze, evaluate and detail the behavior of buildings between 4 and 18 floors of residential use in the City of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, at the moment they are subjected to forces produced by earthquakes. For this purpose, a sample of 40 buildings framed in the above-mentioned characteristics was used by means of the SAP 2000 software. The seismic analysis of each building was made and the displacements of these were obtained when they are submitted before an earthquake. With this information, it was possible to calculate the drifts and evaluate them based on the requirements that determine the stiffness conditions present in the buildings. Finally, a document was drawn up identifying those buildings that are susceptible to significant damage in the event of a seismic movement and recommendations, due to the fact that they represent a social risk.
Implementation of the GeoGebra software tool for geometrical reasoning competition in ninth grade students
Authors: Escamilla L N Medina , Pérez H J Gallardo , Montes L S Paz
Published: October 2019

The study developed, and which is presented succinctly in this report, aimed to implement an intervention plan with the GeoGebra software tool for geometric reasoning in ninth grade students of the San José Educational Institution of the city of San José de Cúcuta. Methodologically, it is a quasi-experimental study of pretest and posttest with control group. The pretest showed flaws in Geometric Reasoning in the students, both in the control and experimental groups. These results led to the design and implementation of a Treatment Plan for the experimental group using the GeoGebra software tool. After applying the posttest, it was demonstrated, through its results, that the Plan was highly significant, since a high percentage of the students of the experimental group correctly answered the questions of the instrument on geometric reasoning.
Quantifying uncertainty in European climate projections using combined performance-independence weighting
Authors: Brunner Lukas , Lorenz Ruth , Zumwald Marius , Knutti Reto
Published: October 2019

Uncertainty in model projections of future climate change arises due to internal variability, multiple possible emission scenarios, and different model responses to anthropogenic forcing. To robustly quantify uncertainty in multi-model ensembles, inter-dependencies between models as well as a models ability to reproduce observations should be considered. Here, a model weighting approach, which accounts for both independence and performance, is applied to European temperature and precipitation projections from the CMIP5 archive. Two future periods representing mid- and end-of-century conditions driven by the high-emission scenario RCP8.5 are investigated. To inform the weighting, six diagnostics based on three observational estimates are used to also account for uncertainty in the observational record. Our findings show that weighting the ensemble can reduce the interquartile spread by more than 20% in some regions, increasing the reliability of projected changes. The mean temperature change is most notably impacted by the weighting in the Mediterranean, where it is found to be 0.35 °C higher than the unweighted mean in the end-of-century period. For precipitation the largest differences are found for Northern Europe, with a relative decrease in precipitation of 2.4% and 3.4% for the two future periods compared to the unweighted case. Based on a perfect model test, it is found that weighting the ensemble leads to an increase in the investigated skill score for temperature and precipitation while minimizing the probability of overfitting.