bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FLT in a non-linguistics university with the ADDIE model of instructional design
Authors: Komochkina E. A. , Selezneva T. V.
Published: June 2024

The article considers the issues of teaching FL communication to nonlinguistics students in terms of latest developments of instructional design determined by the research in personality psychology, cognitivism, structural linguistics. The authors suggest using the ADDIE model to design the teaching process in the context of the insufficiency of classroom hours for the discipline “Foreign language”. The authors have designed a course programme “Young professio-nal” embracing terminological thesaurus, speech patterns, specialized texts, tests, exercises to develop FL communication skills, with 3/4 of the study time focusing on students’ autonomous work with teaching materials in “Electronic educational environment”. The ADDIE model-based learning technology was tested with 4th year – physics and mathematics students of State University of Education and positively assessed.
Directive acts as part of a quotation in Modern Japanese speech
Authors: Ermishina E. S.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we consider directive acts as part of a quotation in Modern Japanese speech. Using the texts of electronic diaries as a kind of written expression of conversational discourse, we studied the ways of transmitting directive acts as part of a quotation, as well as to analyzed how the choice of a certain form of expression of directive acts as part of a quotation may indicate the direct or indirect nature of the citation. After giving a preliminary theoretical picture, we turn mainly to the direct (morphologized) imperative forms of the Japanese language. These forms are enough to show the complexity of the directive category in the "polite" language of the inhabitants of the Land of the Rising Sun. In any case, the analysis of morphologized forms inevitably moved to the syntactic-discursive level. The peculiarity of the approach is in the analysis of several texts by one author to determine the language techniques characteristic of this author, which is used, among other things, as an argument in favor of direct or indirect citation, since Japanese (as well as for a number of other languages) is characterized by a rather complex, subtle distinction between direct and indirect ways of transmitting someone else’s speech. The material convinces us that only a complete analysis of both the quotation itself and the context (for example, texts by the same author) allows us to get a more accurate picture of the phenomenon of the distinction between direct and indirect citation. Among other things, the conducted research has the theoretical significance in terms of thinking about the phenomenon of quoting in language in general. It is clear that this phenomenon (especially in the light of modern information-polymodal, postmodern and other trends, in particular trends in the psychologization of discourse) should be understood more difficult, as new research in this field proves, and as our paper shows
Development of discursive competence of civil defense specialists based on visualization with the help of schemes
Authors: Bortnikova A. V.
Published: June 2024

Students business communication in a foreign language by students at nonlinguistic universities often does not meet accepted norms and standards. The paper provides suggestions about the reasons for these difficulties. We propose a solution in the form of integration of reference schemes into the educational process and their systematic training use at a university training civil defense specialists. The formation of discursive competence based on the use of supporting schemes in a non-linguistic university is possible and effective, but requires special attention to the selection of material on the topic, to the system of exercises and the method of work in practical classes. Particular attention should also be paid to feedback from students: in this study there is experience in adjusting the exercise system in accordance with the characteristics of groups of students.
Towards a formal model of Differential Object Marking in Tatar
Authors: Lyutikova E. A. , Pereltsvaig A.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we examine Differential Object Marking in Tatar building on Baker’s recent classification of Differential Object Marking across languages as derived either via object shift (Hindi), pseudo-noun-incorporation (Tamil), or both (Sakha). We argue that the seemingly similar phenomenon in Tatar cannot be accounted for by either object shift or pseudo-noun-incorporation. Specifically, we show that accusative objects need not appear in the objectshifted, VP-external position either at Spell-Out or post-Spell-Out. Moreover, we demonstrate that unmarked objects do not appear in a special structural position, such as head-adjoined to the verb or PF-adjacent to the verb. Instead, we propose that the contrast between accusative and unmarked objects in Tatar correlates with the internal structure of the object: accusative objects are DPs whereas unmarked objects are Small Nominals. We enumerate the contrasts between full-fledged DPs and Small Nominals and show that unmarked objects fit the cross-linguistic profile of the latter
Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Restaurant Business
Authors: Kyrnis Nataliia
Published: June 2024

Actuality. Nowadays, the development of artificial intelligence affects the activities of all human life spheres, and the restaurant business as well. It can be explained by the fact that restaurant business enterprises are very sensitive to changes in the environment, and they need to constantly improve their activities for competitive functioning. It is artificial intelligence that will allow to work effectively in the market of restaurant services, influencing the demand and increasing the income. Therefore, the topic of application and implementation of artificial intelligence in restaurant business enterprises is relevant.
The aim of the article is to substantiate the essence of the “artificial intelligence” concept, identify its advantages and disadvantages, as well as the possibility of its application in restaurant business establishments.
Research methods: abstract-logical (when systematising information sources on application and implementation of artificial intelligence), argumentative (when setting a study problem and formulating scientific novelty), descriptive (when interpreting terms), analysis and logical generalisation (when considering advantages and disadvantages of AI application), conclusion (when describing AI application in different processes of enterprise activity), generalisation (when making research conclusions).
Results. A few basic concepts of “artificial intelligence” are described in this article, as well as their interpretation is presented by the author. The article describes. The testimonial of different types of artificial intelligence is given. The advantages and disadvantages of using AI in the restaurant business are highlighted. The importance of using artificial intelligence technologies for restaurant business enterprises is proven.
Conclusions and discussion. It is offered to apply AI in the following processes of restaurant business enterprises: order formation, customer service, personnel selection, maintenance and equipment of the establishment, purchase of raw materials and products, planning the activities of the enterprise structural partitions, marketing and advertising. The main advantages of using artificial intelligence in the restaurant business are such: reducing production waste, optimising the production process, improving the quality of customer service, increasing the income. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the analysis of using the artificial intelligence system in different activity processes of service sector enterprises, which will contribute to the efficiency of restaurant business enterprises.
РИЗИК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ В ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ГОТЕЛЬНО-РЕСТОРАННОГО БІЗНЕСУ
Authors: БАНЄВА Ірина , ПІЮРЕНКО Ілона
Published: June 2024

Стаття спрямована на виявлення ключових аспектів ризик-менеджменту в організації діяльності готельно-ресторанного бізнесу, а також аналізу основних ризиків та їхнього управління в індустрії гостинності в умовах війни. У статті розкрито сутність ризиків та процес управління ними, враховуючи їхню різноманітність та вплив на діяльність підприємства. Особлива увага приділяється етапам формування системи ризик-менеджменту на підприємстві. Проаналізовано ключові аспекти процесу оцінки рівня ризикованості в загальній системі менеджменту та їх актуальність в умовах сучасної політичної та економічної нестабільності. Досліджено наслідки воєнних дій на готельно-ресторанний бізнес, зокрема їхній вплив на кількісні та фінансові показники діяльності підприємств. Також визначено актуальні підходи до реалізації ризик-менеджменту у готельно-ресторанному бізнесі в умовах війни. У такому контексті обґрунтовується важливість запобігання наявним ризикам, пов'язаним з війною та економічною ситуацією в країні, а також вирішення завдань антикризового управління для забезпечення стабільності та успішності підприємства. Підкреслюється значення врахування як зовнішніх, так і внутрішніх чинників управління ризиками у разі виникнення кризи.
Instrumen Three-Tier Test Berbasis Kemampuan Representasi Matematis untuk Mengetahui Miskonsepsi Siswa
Authors: Salamah Siti , Susiaty Utin Desy , Ardiawan Yadi
Published: June 2024

Kurangnya pemahaman siswa dalam menerjemahkan soal dan ketelitian mengerjakannya sehingga berakibat jawaban siswa tidak maksimal. Melihat permasalahan tersebut, maka diperlukanlah instrumen tes untuk mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen three-tier test untuk mengetahui miskonsepsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan 4D yang terdiri dari define, design, develop, dan disseminate; dan dimodifikasi menjadi 3D yang dibatasi sampai tahap develop. Adapun subjek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII di salah satu SMP di Sungai Raya sebanyak 15 orang. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan teknik pengukuran dan teknik komunikasi tidak langsung, dengan menggunakan instrumen tes, lembar validasi, dan angket. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini instrumen Three-Tier Test berbasis kemampuan representasi matematis untuk mengetahui miskonsepsi siswa pada materi Statistika di kelas VIII siswa SMP di Sungai Raya layak untuk digunakan sebagai instrumen dalam pembelajaran dengan rata-rata kevalidannya adalah 86,21% dan rata-rata kepraktisannya 90,75% dengan kriteria masing-masing sangat valid dan sangat prakris.
The lack of understanding of students in translating questions and the accuracy of doing them so that the student's answers are not optimal. Seeing these problems, a test instrument is needed to identify student misconceptions. This study used the Research and Development method intending to develop a three-tier test instrument to find out misconceptions. This study uses a 4D design consisting of defining, designing, developing, disseminating; and modifying into 3D which is limited to the development stage. The subjects of this study were 15 class VIII students at one of the junior high schools in Sungai Raya. The data collection technique uses measurement techniques and indirect communication techniques, using test instruments, validation sheets, and questionnaires. This study concludes that a three-tier test instrument based on mathematical representation ability to find out students' misconceptions about statistics in grade VIII junior high school students in Sungai Raya is feasible to use as an instrument in learning with an average validity of 86.21% and an average practicality of 90 .75% with each criterion being very valid and very practical.
Global Learning terhadap Pemahaman Matematika Kelas VIII Materi Teorema Pythagoras
Authors: Nuria Revi Shinta
Published: June 2024

Rendahnya pemahaman matematika siswa menyebabkan pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran terhambat. Diperlukan model pembelajaran seperti global learning yang dapat menyeimbangkan otak kanan dan otak kiri sehingga materi yang siswa dapatkan dapat dipahami dengan baik dan tersimpan pada longterm memory. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh model global learning terhadap pemahaman matematika siswa. Penelitian kuantitatif ini berjenis Experimental dengan desain post test only control. Populasi penelitian yaitu 212 siswa kelas VII salah satu SMP Negeri di Blitar. Sampel penelitian yaitu kelas VIII A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIIIB sebagai kelas kontrol masing-masing 32 siswa, dipilih dengan purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yaitu 5 soal tes uraian kemampuan pemahaman matematika. Data dianalisis dengan uji-t dan effect size. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh positif dari penerapan model global learning terhadap pemahaman matematika siswa kelas VIII sebesar 84% dengan interpretasi tinggi. Model Global learning dapat menjadi alternatif model pembelajaran efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman matematika siswa.
The low understanding of students' mathematics causes the achievement of learning objectives to be hampered. Learning models such as global learning are needed to balance the right brain and left brain so that the material can be understood properly and stored in long-term memory. This study aims to determine the effect of the global learning model on students' understanding of mathematics. This quantitative research is of the experimental type with a post-test-only control design. The population of the study was 212 students of class VII at one of the public junior high schools in Blitar. The research sample was class VIII A as the experimental class and class VIIIB as the control class, each of which consisted of 32 students, selected by purposive sampling. The research instrument is 5 questions describing the ability to understand mathematics. Data analysis technique using t-test and effect size. The results of the study showed that there was a positive influence from the application of the global learning model on the mathematics understanding of class VIII students by 84% with a high interpretation. The Global learning model can be an effective alternative learning model to improve students' understanding of mathematics.
Tržna strategija komunalnega podjetja ob uvajanju novega parkirnega servisa
Authors: Valčić Nina , Vukasović Tina
Published: June 2024

Javna podjetja delujejo kot podaljšana roka lokalne oblasti. Javni sektor lahko uporablja marketing ne samo v zvezi s poslovanjem, ampak tudi za promocijo določenih »zaželenih« vedenj ali idej. Javni sektor tako rekoč deluje brez konkurence, saj je njegovo delovanje usmerjeno v uresničevanje in upoštevanje ciljev lokalne, regionalne in državne uprave. Rast poslovanja komunalnih podjetij oziroma trgovskih družb prispeva k rasti poslovanja in kakovosti življenja na območju delovanja. Vsaka rast poslovanja prinaša določena tveganja. Za pravilno izvedbo je potrebno skrbno analizirati stanje, položaj in sposobnost podjetja in konkurence, pri tem pa ne izključiti pripravljenosti samih zaposlenih. S spletno anketo 63 uporabnikov parkirnih storitev v mestu Reka, smo raziskali navade in odnos do kakovosti ponujenih parkirnih storitev glede na lokacijo in ceno storitve. Vpliv uporabnikov na kreiranje nadaljnjih poslovnih odločitev smo raziskovali na konkretnem primeru gospodarske družbe Rijeka plus d.o.o. V raziskavi smo ugotavljali, na kakšen način in v kolikšni meri marketinška strategija vpliva na nujnost in upravičenost sprejemanja tveganih odločitev, rasti na trgu in ohranjanje vodilnega položaja. Uvedba nove storitve prispeva h kakovostnejšemu in varnejšemu prometu v mestnem jedru, ohranjanju podobe mestnega jedra, uvajanju bolj zelenih rešitev ter krepi zaupanje someščanov.
The Normative Character of the Institution of Cumulative Judgement in Civil Trial: A Comparative Study
Authors: Andrzejewska Marzena , Andrzejewski Maciej
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to show how the institution of consolidated cases in Polish civil proceedings was shaped in the context of Polish criminal procedure and canon law. A comparative analysis de lege lata will help to determine the nature of the procedure aimed at issuing a sentence in cases that have been combined into one trial considering their subject matter, and thus answer the question whether there is a cumulative judgement in each of the procedures and how it is understood by the legislator in civil, criminal and canon law. The analysis is an important novelty in research on the institution of cumulative judgement because it enables a comparison of the institution not only within the framework of the state system of law, but also within the autonomous normative system created by canon law.
Research on Anti-Skid-Rotation Control Strategy of Dual-Motor Four-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle Drive
Authors: Zhang Tian
Published: June 2024

This paper focuses on the research of longitudinal and lateral instability of dual motor electric vehicles during driving. The main objective is to ensure that the vehicle maintains both longitudinal and lateral stability during acceleration and steering, and also to ensure dynamic performance. The study involves the design of a drive anti-skid steering control system and a handling stability control system, with coordination between the two. To achieve this, the study analyses the vehicle’s different performance and stability requirements at different speeds. It sets a speed threshold where performance is prioritized at low speeds and stability is prioritized at high speeds. Based on these requirements, the activation conditions of the control system are designed for different speed ranges. Results from simulation verification under two different operating conditions - acceleration and steering - show that the control systems can effectively manage wheel slip rates to stay within 0.02 of the optimum slip rate for the road surface when the wheels slip. In addition, the deviation of the actual yaw rate from the setpoint is kept below 16% of the setpoint when the vehicle is experiencing lateral instability. The control strategy developed not only improves the stability and dynamics of the dual-motor electric vehicle but also has academic implications for improving vehicle stability and dynamics in general.
Prediction of Airport Monthly Passenger Throughput Based on Bat Algorithm Optimized SVR
Authors: Ma Yinchao , Por Lip Yee
Published: June 2024

The new generation of information technology has had a significant impact on people’s behavior, and making airports more intelligent and intelligent. Airport intelligence is an important component of smart cities and intelligent transportation. Accurate prediction of passenger throughput is not only one of the keys to achieving a smart airport, but also of great significance for airport management and operation. The artificial intelligence prediction method SVR has advantages such as fast convergence speed and suitability for small sample data. The BA algorithm has advantages in parameter optimization, and the combination of the two can effectively improve prediction performance. This article takes Shuangliu Airport in Sichuan Province, China as the research object. In response to the nonlinear characteristics of the airport’s monthly passenger throughput from 2001 to 2019, based on the analysis of the correlation between passenger throughput with historical data and takeoff and landing sorties, a prediction model SVR-BA was established using SVR and BA, while BP-BA and ARMA models were also established. The prediction performance of several types of models was compared from MAPE and MAE, and it was found that the SVR-BA model had better prediction performance and higher robustness. This indicates that after optimizing the parameters of the BA algorithm, the predictive performance of the SVR prediction model can be effectively improved.
Study on Axial Compression Performance of Ribbed Thin-Walled Square Steel Tube Recycled Concrete Short Column
Authors: Li Zhiming , Lei Jinsong , Wu Xianzao
Published: June 2024

Driven by the new infrastructure of smart city, in order to explore the sustainable development of smart city, this paper starts from the reuse of waste concrete, and studies the mechanical properties of recycled concrete short columns of ribbed thin-walled square steel tube, taking the number of stiffeners and the ratio of height to thickness of stiffeners as parameters. Two types of square steel tube recycled concrete short columns were designed: one with ribs and the other with ribs. The final load capacity and failure mode of ribbed square steel tube recycled concrete short columns were primarily investigated. The mechanical properties of double-ribbed, single-ribbed and non-ribbed square steel tube recycled concrete axial compression short columns were analyzed from the load-displacement relationship. The test results show that the setting of stiffening ribs not only improves the bearing capacity of the specimen, but also effectively slows down the local buckling of the steel pipe. When the width-to-thickness ratio of the specimen is small, increasing the number of stiffeners has little effect on the bearing capacity when the steel ratio remains unchanged. With the increase of the height-thickness ratio of the stiffener, the bearing capacity of the specimen and the stability of the tube wall have an increasing trend. On this basis, the finite element software ABAQUS was used to establish the analysis model. The analysis’s findings demonstrate that the finite element model’s failure mode and load-displacement curve mostly agree with the findings of the experiments.
Design and Implementation of a Tour Guide System Based on Augmented Reality Technology for Tourist Attractions
Authors: Zhang Jiezi
Published: June 2024

Augmented Reality (AR) technology, particularly through mobile devices, has revolutionized the way tourists interact with and learn about scenic attractions, offering immersive and interactive experiences beyond traditional guided tours. This paper presents the design and implementation of a mobile AR-based tourist guide system, integrating a mobile visual recognition system to enhance tourist engagement and knowledge acquisition at points of interest (POIs). By overlaying digital information directly onto the physical environment, the system provides multimedia information, including 3D models and historical facts, through user-friendly interfaces. Employing a user-centered design, our system was evaluated in a renowned scenic area for its usability, effectiveness in information retention, and user satisfaction. Results indicated a substantial enhancement in the tourist experience, showcasing increased engagement and knowledge retention. The success of this system emphasizes the transformative potential of AR in tourism, suggesting a scalable approach to enriching cultural and historical education across global tourist destinations.
The Computer Audit for Health Affordable Housing Based on Data Mining
Authors: Li Zheng , Yan Saisai , Cheng Xinran , Kumar Sachin
Published: June 2024

The study aims to improve the accuracy rate of data classification under computer audit. An appropriate data mining (DM) algorithm is employed to classify affordable housing data. First, the research status of the DM algorithm and affordable housing audits is introduced, and the process of computer audit is described. Second, after analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of well-known DM algorithms, a decision tree (DT) is constructed using C4.5. In the end, C4.5 is enhanced by the interest and simplified by the Taylor series. According to the findings, the naive Bayes tree (NBTree), the classification and regression tree (CART), and C4.5 have average accuracy rates of 85.4%, 85.7%, and 85.6%, respectively. This shows that C4.5 and NBTree have an excellent effect on classifying the sample set. CART and C4.5 have a faster modeling speed, and their classification accuracy on huge data sets is better than that of NBTree. Therefore, it can be concluded that C4.5 and CART have good scalability; C4.5 has the best performance, and its ratio of rules to leaf points is higher than that of the other two algorithms; compared to the original C4.5, the enhanced C4.5 has a greater accuracy rate and a rule-to-leaf node ratio, but their modeling time is the same; the simplified C4.5 has the best performance, its classification accuracy rate is 98.7%, its modeling time is 0, and its interpretability is 1.9. This study provides a reference for the information development of affordable housing audits.
Hybrid optimization enabled Random multimodal deep learning for sentiment rating prediction
Authors: Tata Priyanka , A Mary Sowjnaya
Published: June 2024

Sentiment analysis is the most basic and imperative work in mining the preference of user interest. In this work, a deep model with optimization, named “Chimp Whale Optimization Algorithm-based Random Multimodal Deep Learning” is devised for sentiment rating prediction. The process of tokenization, which divides the entire document into small units using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) for better processing, is where the input review data is initially given. Aspects from review data and aspect term extraction are completed for mining. Additionally, Random Multimodal Deep Learning is used to forecast the sentiment rating. The ChWOA is used in this case to combine the Chimp Optimization Algorithm (ChOA) and the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). With a precision of 93.1%, recall of 94.4%, and F-measure of 93.8%, the ChWOA-based RMDL demonstrated better efficiency.
Multi pattern matching algorithm for embedded computer network engineering intrusion detection system
Authors: Cai Yingying
Published: June 2024

In computer networks, security issues persist, and addressing hidden security risks is pivotal for ensuring network security. However, traditional single pattern matching algorithms like BM (Boyer-Moore) lack efficiency for network intrusion detection. This study employs multiple pattern matching algorithms to bolster the security of computer network engineering intrusion detection systems (IDS). A computer network intrusion detection system (NIDS) is designed using embedded technology to collect network logs and other pertinent data, subsequently comparing log data packets. The study delves into a multi pattern matching algorithm, AC (Aho-Corasick), which incorporates the SUNDAY algorithm to optimize unnecessary string matching jumps. Furthermore, the AC algorithm and BM algorithm are fused as control methods. Randomly generated 48M text data is utilized for testing purposes, comparing the AC algorithm, AC-BM algorithm, and AC-SUNDAY algorithm. For instance, when the pattern string length is 20 bytes, the memory consumption of the AC algorithm, AC-BM algorithm, and AC-SUNDAY algorithm is 12.2 MB, 9.8 MB, and 6.2 MB respectively. The findings indicate that applying the AC-SUNDAY algorithm in NIDS effectively reduces memory consumption and enhances the efficacy of network intrusion detection.
Investigation on optimization strategy of IoT operation mode based on blockchain
Authors: Yi Jing
Published: June 2024

Under the call of the national scientific and technological power, the research in the field of sensor technology has made rapid progress. Many smart devices integrating various technical heights have entered the homes of ordinary people. Making these smart devices increasingly intelligent has greatly improved people’s lifestyles and even changed their lives. With the development of blockchain technology and the development of 5G communication equipment and applications, the industrial model of Blockchain and the Internet of Things can also become an important guide for the development of the Internet of Things. Therefore, this paper studies the optimization strategy of the IoT operation mode based on Blockchain. The research results have shown that the IoT operation mode based on Blockchain is superior to the traditional IoT operation mode in terms of node energy consumption, life cycle, and flux performance. Under the IoT operation mode of the Blockchain, the node energy consumption is reduced by about 1.19J on average, and the flux performance is increased by about 21 on average. This showed that the IoT operation model based on Blockchain is feasible.
Efficient quantum inspired blockchain-based cyber security framework in IoT using deep learning and huristic algorithms
Authors: C Vimala Josphine , M Theodore Kingslin , R Fatima Vincy , M Mohana , Babitha S.
Published: June 2024

“Internet-of-Things (IoT)” systems and components are highly noticed by cybercriminals including the affiliated or the nation-state sponsored threat actors as become a united part of the linked ecosystem and the society. But, the difficulties in protecting the systems and the devices are combined of scale and multiple deployments, the speed-paced cyber threats landscape, and more parameters. With the enhanced internet services, cyber security grows one of the highest research issues of the latest digital world. It is very important to develop a cyber security model to identify the various types of attacks. To overcome these problems, a quantum-inspired blockchain-assisted cyber security model is obtained in the IoT platform. Firstly, the required information is obtained from quality online information resources. Then, the information is stored in the quantum-inspired blockchain with optimal key, where the key optimization is performed with the help of the Fitness-based Jellyfish Chameleon Swarm Algorithm (FJCSA). Then, the stored data are recovered and finally, fed to the intrusion detection stage to verify whether it is affected by any unauthorized entities. The intrusion detection is done with the support of “Adaptive Attention-based Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) with Adaboost (AALSTM-Ab)”, where the parameters are optimized by using the FJCSA. Furthermore, the experimental results of the developed model are validated by comparing the performance of various recently implemented blockchain-based cyber security approaches with respect to several positive and negative performance measures. From the result analysis, the accuracy and precision rate of the recommended model are 95.50% and 91.40%.
A comprehensive review on zero-shot-learning techniques
Authors: Lazaros Konstantinos , Koumadorakis Dimitris E. , Vrahatis Aristidis G. , Kotsiantis Sotiris
Published: June 2024

Advancements in computational capabilities have enabled the implementation of advanced deep learning models across various domains of knowledge, yet the increasing complexity and scarcity of data in specialized areas pose significant challenges. Zero-shot learning (ZSL), a subset of transfer learning, has emerged as an innovative solution to these challenges, focusing on classifying unseen categories present in the test set but absent during training. Unlike traditional methods, ZSL utilizes semantic descriptions, like attribute lists or natural language phrases, to map intermediate features from the training data to unseen categories effectively, enhancing the model’s applicability across diverse and complex domains. This review provides a concise synthesis of the advancements, methodologies, and applications in the field of zero-shot learning, highlighting the milestones achieved and possible future directions. We aim to offer insights into the contemporary developments in ZSL, serving as a comprehensive reference for researchers exploring the potentials and challenges of implementing ZSL-based methodologies in real-world scenarios.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Treatment for Herpes Virus Infection and the Dispensing of Antidementia Medicines: An Analysis of the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme Database
Authors: Tan Stephanie , Kelty Erin , Page Amy , Etherton-Beer Christopher , Sanfilippo Frank , Almeida Osvaldo P.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Evidence from previous observational studies suggest that infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) increase the risk of dementia.

Objective:

To investigate if older adults exposed to HSV treatment have lower risk of dementia than the rest of the population.

Methods:

We used the 10% Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) database from 2013 to 2022 to ascertain the cross-sectional, time-series and longitudinal association between exposure to HSV treatment and the dispensing of antidementia medicines. Participants were men and women aged 60 years or older. We used Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes to identify medicines dispensed for the treatment of HSV and dementia.

Results:

During the year 2022 6,868 (1.2%) of 559,561 of participants aged 60 years or over were dispensed antidementia agent. The odds ratio (OR) of being dispensed an antidementia agent among individuals dispensed treatment for HSV was 0.73 (99% CI = 0.56–0.95). Multilevel logistic regression for the 2013–2022 period for those dispensed HSV treatment was 0.87 (99% CI = 0.75–1.00). Split-time span series from 2013 was associated with hazard ratio of 0.98 (99% CI = 0.89–1.07) for individuals dispensed relative to those not dispensed HSV treatment. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and the dispensing of medicines for the treatment of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease.

Conclusions:

The dispensing of antiviral medicines for the treatment of HSV and VZV is consistently, but not conclusively, associated with decreased dispensing of antidementia medicines. This suggests that treatment of HSV and VZV infections may contribute to reduce the risk of dementia.
Development of a Screening Tool for Assessing Sexual Difficulties Among Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: The PD-SDS
Authors: De Groote Clara , Dujardin Kathy , Defebvre Luc , Flinois Bérengère , Herlin Virginie , Carrière Nicolas , Wawrziczny Emilie
Published: June 2024

Background:

People with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD) exhibit various sexual difficulties (SDs) that may be due to motor and/or nonmotor symptoms or the use of antiparkinsonian medication. SDs are often underreported by PwPD and underexplored by physicians.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the SDs experienced by PwPD and create a scale for assessing them.

Methods:

A corpus of items was generated from semistructured interviews to represent the experience of PwPD as closely as possible. The number of items was reduced according to the psychometric properties, and the scale’s structure was subsequently examined. The final phase consisted of measuring the scale’s validity and reliability.

Results:

After assessment of the original corpus of 59 items by PwPD and clinicians, a 25-item version was obtained. The analysis of item properties led to the removal of fifteen items. An exploratory factor analysis of the first 10-item version with a first PwPD sample identified four components of the SDs among PwPD: “low sexual esteem,” “sexual displeasure,” “impact on sexual position” and “hypersexuality.” With a second PwPD sample, a confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a satisfactory fit between the model with four components and the data. The 10-item scale had good internal consistency and good temporal reliability.

Conclusions:

The Parkinson’s Disease Sexual Difficulties Scale (PD-SDS) is a valid screening tool that facilitates the investigation of and communication about PD-related SDs. It is intended to improve the identification of vulnerable PwPD and to target the domain of sexual experience impacted by PD to better support PwPD.
Serotonergic Regulation of Synaptic Dopamine Levels Mitigates L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chen Yuan-Hao , Kuo Tung-Tai , Wang Vicki , Cheng Pin-Wen , Huang Eagle Yi-Kung , Ma Kuo-Hsing , Greig Nigel H. , Olson Lars , Hoffer Barry J. , Tseng Kuan-Yin
Published: June 2024

Background:

The serotonin (5-HT) system can manipulate the processing of exogenous L-DOPA in the DA-denervated striatum, resulting in the modulation of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID).

Objective:

To characterize the effects of the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxy-tryptophan (5-HTP) or the serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitor, Citalopram on L-DOPA-induced behavior, neurochemical signals, and underlying protein expressions in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease.

Methods:

MitoPark (MP) mice at 20 weeks of age, subjected to a 14-day administration of L-DOPA/Carbidopa, displayed dyskinesia, referred to as LID. Subsequent investigations explored the effects of 5-HT-modifying agents, such as 5-HTP and Citalopram, on abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs), locomotor activity, neurochemical signals, serotonin transporter activity, and protein expression in the DA-denervated striatum of LID MP mice.

Results:

5-HTP exhibited duration-dependent suppressive effects on developing and established LID, especially related to abnormal limb movements observed in L-DOPA-primed MP mice. However, Citalopram, predominantly suppressed abnormal axial movement induced by L-DOPA in LID MP mice. We demonstrated that 5-HTP could decrease L-DOPA-upregulation of DA turnover rates while concurrently upregulating 5-HT metabolism. Additionally, 5-HTP was shown to reduce the expressions of p-ERK and p-DARPP-32 in the striatum of LID MP mice. The effect of Citalopram in alleviating LID development may be attributed to downregulation of SERT activity in the dorsal striatum of LID MP mice.

Conclusions:

While both single injection of 5-HTP and Citalopram effectively mitigated the development of LID, the difference in mitigation of AIM subtypes may be linked to the unique effects of these two serotonergic agents on L-DOPA-derived DA and 5-HT metabolism.
Comparison of maternal 25 (OH) vitamin D levels between premature infants with/without asphyxia
Authors: Zakerihamidi M. , Rakhshanizadeh F. , Moradi A. , Boskabadi H.
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES:

Perinatal asphyxia is the main risk factor for mortality and morbidity in neonates and neurological disorders in survived infants. We compared the neonatal and maternal 25 (OH) vitamin D levels in neonates with/without asphyxia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional research was done on 229 neonates (including 158 neonates [69%] without asphyxia [control group] and 71 neonates [31%] with asphyxia [case group]) from 2020 to 2023 using the available sampling method. 25 (OH) Vit D levels in mothers and neonates were assessed and compared in the 2 groups. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made checklist, containing the maternal and neonatal characteristics and laboratory evaluations. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23 using the t-test.

RESULTS:

The mean maternal 25 (OH) Vit D levels in the case and control groups were 16.34±11.87 and 22.80±12.67 ng/mL, respectively. The mean neonatal 25 (OH) Vit D levels in the case and control groups were respectively 12.13±8.62 and 19.55±11.62 ng/mL ( P = 0.002). The case group showed severer maternal and neonatal 25 (OH) Vit D deficiency ( P = 0.000) compared to the control group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Neonatal and maternal 25 (OH) Vit D deficiency can increase the risk of perinatal asphyxia. Therefore, administration of 25 (OH) Vit D supplements to pregnant mothers may reduce the incidence of asphyxia.
Fetal inflammatory response syndrome predicts early-onset sepsis and cystic periventricular leukomalacia in preterm neonates: A retrospective study
Authors: Assunção A. , Flôr-de-Lima F. , Moita R.M. , Ferreras C. , Rocha G.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:

Fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS), the fetal equivalent of chorioamnionitis, is associated with poorer neonatal outcomes. FIRS is diagnosed through placental histology, namely by the identification of funisitis (inflammation of the umbilical cord) and chorionic vasculitis (inflammation of fetal vessels within the chorionic plate). The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate associations between FIRS and neonatal outcomes in preterm neonates.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective cohort study at a level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), from January 1st 2008 to December 31st 2022, involving all inborn neonates with a gestational age below 30 weeks. We compared preterm neonates based on whether their placental histology described funisitis with chorionic vasculitis (FCV) or not.

RESULTS:

The study included 113 preterms, 27 (23.9%) of those had FCV and 86 (76.1%) did not. After adjusting to gestational age, prolonged rupture of membranes and preeclampsia, FCV was independently associated with the development of early-onset sepsis (OR = 7.3, p = 0.021) and cystic periventricular leukomalacia (OR = 4.6, p = 0.004).

CONCLUSION:

The authors identified an association between FIRS and the development of early-onset sepsis and cystic periventricular leukomalacia, highlighting the importance of early detection and management of this condition in order to improve long-term neonatal outcomes.
Optic nerve sheath diameter in chronic myeloproliferative disorders
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Yunusova E.M. , Mukhamadeev T.R. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Bakirov B.A. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Aim: to evaluate the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) using ultrasound (US). Patients and Methods: the study included 32 patients (64 eyes) with established chronic MPD and 28 gender- and age-matched healthy volunteers (56 eyes) without chronic MPD. Several patients had a history of cardiovascular diseases, which may be related to long-term use of specific target therapy. All patients underwent a comprehensive eye examination, which included eye and orbit ultrasonography, as well as laboratory tests such as complete blood count (CBC) and coagulation test. Results: the majority (81.3%) of patients had either unilateral or bilateral increases in ONSD. Furthermore, ONSD was found to be significantly greater in patients with chronic MPD who also had increased white blood cell count, platelet count, and fibrinogen levels, as well as decreased hemoglobin levels, compared to those without a history of chronic MPD. The correlation was stronger in patients with chronic MPD than in the control group. Correlations were found between ONSD and all studied hematologic parameters. A moderate negative correlation was found between ONSD and hemoglobin, a weak positive correlation between ONSD and WBC count, and a moderate positive correlation between ONSD and platelet and fibrinogen in patients with chronic MPD. Conclusion: an increase in ONSD was detected by eye and orbit US in patients with chronic MPD who also had hematologic abnormalities. This symptom may be an early sign of vascular complications secondary to long-term specific treatment. An increase in ONSD can illustrate increased intracranial pressure. For patients with chronic MPD, it is recommended to have more detailed follow-up to prevent vision loss and life-threatening complications in the central nervous system due to disease progression, in particular, those with an increase in ONSD. KEYWORDS: chronic myeloproliferative diseases, optic nerve sheath diameter, ultrasound, blood rheology, vascular complications, chronic myeloid leukemia, true polycythemia, essential thrombocythemia, intracranial hypertension. FOR CITATION: Yunusova E.M., Mukhamadeev T.R., Bakirov B.A. Optic nerve sheath diameter in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2024;24(2):55–59 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2024-24-2-2.
Novel complex medication containing medium chain triglycerides for the treatment of dry eye
Authors:   M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Safonova T.N. , Zaytseva G.V. ,   M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kravets K.Yu. ,   V.I. Vernadskiy Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Polyakov N.B. ,   N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology & Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Background: the outer layer of the tear film is composed of nonpolar lipids, including free fatty acid esters, triglycerides (TG), and cholesterol esters. Alterations in their qualitative and quantitative composition can result in evaporative dry eye, which requires pathogenic treatment. Somatic comorbidities, particularly type 2 diabetes (T2D), may act as a potential etiological factor. Aim: to assess the efficacy of a new complex medication containing medium chain TGs for the treatment of dry eye. Patients and Methods: a single-center, observational, single-stage, controlled single-sample, non-randomized study was conducted. Twenty-seven patients (mean age 52.5±0.5 years) were included in the study. Group 1 included 12 patients with dry eye and T2D. Group 2 included 15 patients with dry eye but no T2D. Patients received a complex medication containing medium chain TGs and carbomer for one month. In addition to standard and additional eye examinations, tearscopy and low-resolution mass spectrometry using LCQ Fleet (Thermo Scientific, Germany) were performed. Results: a reduction in the levels of TG and cholesterol was demonstrated in both groups. The reduction was more significant in group 1. A complex medication containing medium chain TGs and carbomer for one month improved functional indices in group 1 patients compared with baseline (p <0.05). Corneal staining grade 1 was reported in 94% of group 1 patients. In group 2, corneal staining did not change significantly. Tearscopy revealed a significant improvement in the tear film lipid layer in group 1 (an increase in the lipid distribution coefficient and lipid thickness by 0.2 and 0.03, respectively) in comparison to group 2 (an increase by 0.1 and 0.02). Conclusions: decreased levels of TGs and cholesterol in T2D induce cellular dysfunction and inflammation in meibomian glands, thereby triggering dry eye development and/or worsening its course. In light of these considerations, complex medications containing TGs are necessary and reasonable. KEYWORDS: medium chain triglycerides, carbomer, meibomian gland dysfunction, dry eye, mass spectrometry, diabetes. FOR CITATION: Safonova T.N., Zaytseva G.V., Kravets K.Yu., Polyakov N.B. Novel complex medication containing medium chain triglycerides for the treatment of dry eye. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2024;24(2):64–68 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311- 7729-2024-24-2-4.