bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive Regenerative Surgery by Peri-implant Excision and Regenerative Surgery (PERS) in Peri-implantitis: One-year Result on Three Cases
Authors: Lee Jungwon , Lee Dongseob , Ko Youngchang , Lee Yong-Moo
Published: February 2023

This case series presents three patients undergoing minimally invasive regenerative surgery for peri-implantitis using peri-implant excision and regenerative surgery (PERS). No report of a resolved inflammatory state with peri-implant bone loss following nonsurgical treatment was included in this case report. After the suprastructure of the implant was disconnected, a peri-implant circular incision was made to remove inflammatory tissue. The combination decontamination method was conducted using a chemical agent and a mechanical device. After copious irrigation with normal saline, collagenated demineralized bovine bone mineral was applied to fill the peri-implant defect. The suprastructure of the implant was connected following the PERS procedure. The three patients with peri-implantitis that underwent successfully PERS procedures suggest that surgical intervention is a feasible approach to obtaining proper peri-implant bone filling of 3.42 ± 1.08 mm. However, this novel technique should be investigated in a larger sample size to determine its reliability and validity.
Successful Management of Late Sinus Graft Infection via Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Press-Fit Block Bone Graft: A Case Report
Authors: Park Won-Bae , Xu Zixiang , Lim Hyun-Chang , Kang Philip
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this case report is to feature an interesting case where a staged approach was used to manage a failed implant site that led to a late sinus graft infection and sinusitis with an oroantral fistula (OAF), by using functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and an intraoral press-fit block bone graft technique. Sixteen years ago, a 60-year-old female patient underwent maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA) with 3 implants placed simultaneously in the right atrophic ridge. However, No. 3 and 4 implants were removed due to advanced peri-implantitis. The patient later developed purulent discharge from the site, headache, and complained of air leakage due to an OAF. The patient was referred to an otolaryngologist for FESS to treat the sinusitis. Two months after FESS, the sinus was re-entered. Residual inflammatory tissues and necrotic graft particles in the OAF site were removed. A block bone harvested from the maxillary tuberosity was press-fitted to the OAF site and grafted. After 4 months of grafting, the grafted bone was well incorporated with the surrounding native bone. Two implants were successfully placed in the grafted site with good initial stability. The prosthesis was delivered 6 months after implant placement. After the 2 years of follow-up, patient was functioning well without sinus complications. Within limitation of this case report, the staged approach via FESS and intraoral press-fit block bone graft is an effective method that can be used to successfully manage OAF and vertical defects at the implant site.
Hemorrhagic Complications in Implant Surgery: A Scoping Review on Etiology, Prevention, and Management
Authors: La Monaca Gerardo , Pranno Nicola , Polimeni Antonella , Annibali Susanna , Di Carlo Stefano , Pompa Giorgio , Cristalli Maria Paola
Published: February 2023

This article seeks to provide the most relevant aspects of the etiology, prevention, and management of bleeding in routine implant surgery. A comprehensive and systematic electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases until June 2021. Further references of interest were retrieved from bibliographic lists of the selected articles and the “Related Articles” feature of PubMed. Eligibility criteria were papers about bleeding, hemorrhage, or hematoma associated with routine implant surgery on human subjects. Twenty reviews and 41 case reports fulfilled eligibility criteria and were included in the scoping review. Involved implants were mandibular in 37 and maxillary in 4 cases. The major number of bleeding complications was in the mandibular canine region. The most injured vessels were sublingual and submental arteries, due mainly to perforation of the lingual cortical plate. Time to bleeding occurred intraoperatively, at suturing, or postoperatively. The most reported clinical manifestations were swelling and elevation of the mouth floor and the tongue with partial or complete airway obstructions. First aid to manage airway obstruction was intubation and tracheostomy. For active bleeding control, gauze tamponade, manual or digital compression, hemostatic agents, and cauterization were applied. When conservative procedures failed, hemorrhage was controlled by intra- or extraoral surgical approaches to ligate injured vessels or by angiographic embolization. The present scoping review provides knowledge and evidence on the most relevant aspects of the etiology, prevention, and management of implant surgery bleeding complications.
Optimal design of ferronickel slag alkali-activated mortar for repair exposed to high thermal load
Authors: Arce Andres , Le Galliard Cassandre , Komkova Anastasija , Papanicolaou Catherine G. , Triantafillou Thanasis C.
Published: February 2023

In this work, the optimal design of a mortar based on alkali-activated material technology is presented. Ferronickel slag, a byproduct of the ferronickel alloy industry, was used both as a binder component (in a finely ground form) and as fine aggregate in alignment with a circular economy approach. The proportions of binder, fine aggregate, and water were optimized using Design of Experiment Design of Mixtures. The performance indicators evaluated were flow, flexural and compressive strength both before and after high-temperature exposure, mass loss, and thermal shrinkage. Life cycle assessment was used to calculate the relative environmental cost of the studied mixes in comparison to a counterpart traditional Ordinary Portland Cement mortar. The optimal mix design exhibited high flexural strength (8.5 and 10.5 MPa, before and after high-temperature exposure, respectively), an unheated compressive strength equal to 69.5 MPa, and a post-heating residual one of 33.9 MPa, 7.7% mass loss and 3.4% thermal shrinkage. Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry along with Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis were also performed on optimal mortar samples in order to link micro-structural heat-induced changes to residual (post-heating) macro-mechanical performances. Finally, when compared to OPC-based products, the optimized mortar mix resulted in 70% lower CO2 emissions indicating great potential for the construction sector where concern about environmental impact keeps growing.
Adaptivity of plate anchors to restrain the impact of seabed trenching
Authors: Han C. , Liu J. , Yi P.
Published: February 2023

Seabed trenching due to chain–soil–water interaction in deepwater moorings is disadvantageous to the holding capacity of an anchor, which threatens the safety of a whole floating system. A measure is proposed in this study to restrain the adverse impact of seabed trenching by utilising the diving potential of plate anchors. Model tests were conducted to verify the stability and further keying behaviour of a plate anchor in trenched seabed. Test results show that the plate anchor automatically dives deeper and hence develops higher resistance to balance the uplift load with the progressive development of the seabed trenching. This indicates that the plate anchor adapts to the seabed trenching automatically and the holding capacity of the plate anchor is largely unaffected in the trenched seabed.
Axial compression of seawater sea sand concrete columns reinforced with hybrid FRP–stainless steel bars
Authors: Xu Jinjin , Wu Zhimin , Jia Hongbin , Yu Rena C. , Cao Qi
Published: February 2023

Using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars instead of steel bars to reinforce concrete columns in harsh environments has become important for solving corrosion problems. The brittleness of FRP bars significantly reduces the column ductility. It has been proposed that columns can be reinforced with hybrid FRP and steel bars to improve ductility, but related research is very limited. In this research, the axial compression behaviour of seawater sea sand concrete (SSC) columns reinforced with hybrid FRP bars and stainless steel (SS) bars was studied. In total, 84 SSC columns were designed, including 15 SS reinforced SSC (SS-SSC) columns, 15 glass-FRP (GFRP) reinforced SSC (GFRP-SSC) columns, 45 hybrid FRP–SS reinforced SSC (FRP–SS-SSC) columns and nine plain SSC columns. The failure modes, load–axial displacement curves, bearing capacity and ductility were analysed, considering the effects of the reinforcement types, reinforcement ratios and concrete strength. The results show that ductility could be significantly improved by hybrid reinforcements; the ductility indexes of the FRP–SS-SSC columns were close to those of the SS-SSC columns. The proposed equation could accurately predict the bearing capacity of SSC columns. Furthermore, a theoretical stress–strain relationship for the studied axial compression SSC columns is proposed.
An Autistic Way to Adapt: A Model Linking Social and Behavioral Impairments to Sensory Traits of an Autistic Personality
Authors:   Autonomous Non-Profit Organization “Our Sunny World”, Shpitsberg Igor L. , Krivoruchko Svetlana O. ,   Autonomous Non-Profit Organization “Our Sunny World”, Varlamov Anton A. ,   Autonomous Non-Profit Organization “Our Sunny World”; Pushkin State Russian Language Institute
Published: February 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common developmental disorders. It includes impaired socialization and communication, stereotypical behaviors, cognitive abnormalities, and a wide range of sensory features. While most experts now agree that the social impairments seen in ASD are caused by cognitive deficits, including deficits in cognitive processing of sensory information, there is yet no generally accepted theory to explain the causes of ASD and the nature of the relationship between the deficits in the sensory, cognitive, and social domains. This paper addresses the advances in understanding the sensory-cognitive traits defining an autistic perception, particularly at early age, and presents a model of autistic adaptation (AA) suggesting that social deficits, rigid behavioral patterns, and self-stimulation can be conceived as a consequence of a suboptimal adaptation strategy brought forth by a need to cope with sensory hypersensitivity and to make the outside world a less chaotic and more predictable place. As a result of this adaptation, most children with ASD at an early age (up to 1.5-2 years) form a system of protection against external sensory stimuli perceived as excessively intense at a subjective level; this protection system includes behavioral responses aimed at limiting incoming sensory information and increasing predictability of sensations received by actively searching for the more uniform and predictable external stimuli, avoiding social interaction, narrowing activity range, and following rigid behavior patterns. Special attention is paid to a well-documented tendency of children with ASD to use peripheral vision instead of central vision (lateral glances) and to refrain from behaviors aimed on integration of auditory and visual information; these sensory behaviors, though helpful in preventing sensory overflow, lead to an even more fragmented perception of an outside world characteristic for an autistic personality. Sensory self-stimulation (stimming) is also perceived as a specific adaptive mechanism that provides a child with ASD with predictable and controllable sensations and is aimed at reducing anxiety associated with the intense and unpredictable flow of external sensory information. Further attempts to better understand the specific behaviors and perceptual traits associated with autistic adaptation may lead to development of more effective intervention programs for children with ASD. A broad range of sensory integration therapies are sought that aim to establish new behavioral responses and perception strategies helping to integrate the sensory information, cope with sensory overflow, and enable us to explore the world in a more positive and efficient way.
The Impact of Social Intelligence on the Adaptation of Migrant Workers in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research - Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy ofSciences, Ryazantsev Sergey V. ,   MGIMO University,   Belgorod State University, Pismennaya Elena Y. ,   Institute for Demographic Research - Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy ofSciences, Smirnov Alexey V. ,   Institute for Demographic Research - Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy ofSciences
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic that has taken over the world has affected all areas of human life. Labor migrants turned out to be one of the most vulnerable social groups before the pandemic. Russia is currently in a state of depopulation - migrants are strategically needed for the country: both as a labor force and as future citizens of the country. The 21st century is called the century of social intelligence, since there is more and more data on the importance of this type of intelligence in sociocultural reality. One of the features of social intelligence is the ability to adapt, correctly evaluate and adequately respond to new life situations. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of social intelligence on the adaptation of labor migrants from Central Asian countries in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the study, the following patterns were found: the higher the level of social intelligence, the less often respondents lost their jobs during the pandemic; were more likely to maintain or increase their income levels; more often transferred money to their homeland; there were fewer conflicts in the immediate environment of the migrant. During the pandemic, migrant phobia among the local population increased in Russia, but respondents with average and above average social intelligence did not notice a change in the attitude of local residents towards themselves. The results obtained prove that labor migrants with average and above average social intelligence are better adapted to the conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic than migrants with below average social intelligence.
Adherence to Participation in a Remote Rehabilitation Program in Patients that Have Undergone Open-Heart Surgery, Depending on the Characteristics of their Attitude to the Disease
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Solodukhin Anton V. , Pomeshkina Svetlana A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lyapina Irina N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Yanitskiy Mikhail S. ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: February 2023

To increase the availability of cardiac rehabilitation and prevent psycho-emotional disorders after heart surgery, specialists from the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases (CPSSZ) developed the program “Remote Rehabilitation of Patients After Heart Surgery”. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between indicators of the attitude of the disease and the frequency of using the remote rehabilitation program. The program included 46 patients who underwent cardiac surgery at the Research Institute of CPSSZ. The TOBOL test method was used to determine preoperative psychological parameters. On the 2nd-3rd day after undergoing heart surgery, the patient installed on their smartphone an application for remote rehabilitation, which consisted of 5 sections: Precribed walking, Therapeutic exercises, Diet, Psychology and Chat. Within 4 months after inclusion in the program, using a telephone survey, an analysis was made of the patient's adherence to this program and an assessment of its relationship with indicators of the internal picture of the disease. From the results of the study, it was confirmed that the main reason for refusing to participate in remote rehabilitation was the insufficient psychological attitude of patients to work together with medical specialists. Namely, “maladaptive” shock of melancholic and dysphoric variants of the internal picture of the disease on adherence to remote rehabilitation, which requires additional psycho-corrective work.
Abilities as explanatory concept in modern psychology
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky, Mazilov Vladimir A. , Slepko Yuri N. ,   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the discussion of the problem of abilities that are relevant for psychological science. The abilities we consider are in the context of modern theoretical and methodological problems of domestic psychology: the conceptual space of psychology, the definition of the subject and method, and the organization of psychological research. It has been debated for some time (beginning in the 1960s) in Russian psychology, the important methodological significance of abilities in explaining numerous aspects of a person's mental life. During which time, a holistic psychological theory of abilities in domestic psychology was not created. The purpose of this article is a theoretical substantiation of the role and place of concepts of abilities in the construction of modern psychological research. The study used the communicative methodology of psychology, allowing us to better consider the process of psychological research as a transformation of the initial abstraction by the researchers in the direction of choosing: the main idea of the study, the base category and modeling representation. Research methods: are the analysis of the role and place of concept of abilities in the design of modern psychological research from material of empirical and experimental data published in leading peer-reviewed journals of 2010 to 2022. As a result, it was found that domestic psychologists use the concept of ability actively in different ways; this defined the main idea of the study. We used, both subjective (from self-awareness), and objective (from behavior), and complex variants of the correlation of the subject and method of studying abilities. This allows us to assert that the concept of ability has an important methodological significance in terms of constructing modern empirical and experimental research. In addition, it showed that the concept of ability performs an important explanatory function in solving the problems of differentiating subjects according to individual psychological characteristics, as well as in explaining the success of performing different types and types of activities.
Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of the State of Involvement: Problems of Diagnosis and Management
Authors:   Amur State University, Pavlova Ekaterina V.
Published: February 2023

The paper substantiates the need to systematize engagement research on a unified methodological basis, reflecting on its various spatial and temporal characteristics. For the methodology, the author used systemic anthropological psychology, the foundations of which are spelled out in the works of Tomsk scientists (V.E. Klochko, E.V. Galazhinsky, O.M. Krasnoryadtseva, O.V. Lukyanov). This is a model of involvement as a state that arises in the space of interaction between a person and the environment as proposed, provided that they correspond. Described as short-term (in solving a specific problem), medium-term (in professional / educational activities) and long-term (in the process of life) involvement, their psychological characteristics, possible diagnostic and optimization methods. Styles and predictors of involvement were determined from a sample of 388 students from their 2nd and 3rd years of study from universities in the Russian Far East. It was found that the short-term involvement of the majority of respondents is moderate, as are most indicators of medium-term involvement (e.g., intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, metacognitive involvement, self-organization, confidence in one's own ability to control the current situation). Indicators of long-term involvement (psychological well-being, life satisfaction, resilience, productive reflection), on the contrary, were weakly expressed in a significant part of the students. Based on the factor analysis of the data, four styles of involvement were identified: “Satisfaction with achievements and saturation of life” and “Personal growth” reflect ways of life that go beyond the current situation, “Involvement in activities” is typical for medium and short-term involvement, “Reflection of involvement” - reflects the situation of understanding activities performed. As the main predictors of involvement as an actual state, metacognitive involvement, the use of external means of planning activities, the meaningfulness of life, the absence of external motivation and transsituational variability are identified. Separate components of involvement are also determined by the general background of mood and trans-situational mobility. Based on a comparison of the data obtained with the research of specialists in the field of engagement, a conclusion was made about the relevance of the model of involvement used for the tasks set; and directions for further research was identified.
Adolescent Aggression towards Teachers: Experience of Victimization and Connections with Personality Factors
Authors:   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Rean Arthur A. , Egorova Anna V. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Konovalov Ivan A. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Kuz'min Roman G. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University
Published: February 2023

Objective. This article is devoted to a theoretical and empirical study of the problem of aggression against teachers. Within the framework of the article, the following research questions were posed: what is the frequency of these manifestations of aggressive behavior toward Russian teachers? Is the frequency of these manifestations of aggression toward teachers related to the teachers characteristics, in particular, because of their own aggressiveness? Methods. The study was implemented as an anonymous online survey, which included teachers from nine regions and five federal districts of the Russian Federation. The sample of respondents consisted of 5086 teachers. The vast majority of respondents were female (94%). The Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) adapted by S.N. Enikolopov and N.P. Tsibulsky was used to assess the aggressiveness indicators of teachers. To assess the specifics of teachers' ideas about the problematic behavior of students, we used the questionnaire developed by the Center for Socialization, Family and Prevention of Antisocial Behavior from Moscow State Pedagogical University. The Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey tests were used as the principal method of statistical data processing. Results. Among the most common forms of aggressive behavior against teachers, the following stand out: systematic violation of discipline, ignoring and refusing to fulfill the requirements of a teacher. A tendency towards an increase in the probability of perceiving various manifestations of aggression against oneself with an increase in the level of various components of the teacher's aggressiveness (a tendency to physical aggression, anger and hostility) became apparent. Discussion. The data obtained are considered in the context of various socio-psychological phenomena: projection, hostile attribution, the Rosenthal effect. Conclusions. A connection was found between indicators of teachers' aggressiveness and their subjective assessment of the frequency of conflicts with adolescents. The relationships between teachers' propensity for physical aggression, anger and hostility with manifestations of aggression towards a teacher from students such as negative attitude, disregard, direct and indirect aggression.
The Influence of the Learning Environment on Fast Mapping and Explicit Encoding of New Vocabulary: Results of a Pilot Study
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Perikova Ekaterina I. , Blinova Ekaterina N. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Andriushchenko Ekaterina A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: February 2023

The availability of virtual reality (VR) tools and the attractiveness of their interactivity for users have influenced the spread of this technology in the field of language educational programs. However, scientific studies of the effectiveness of VR in comparison with traditional methods are few and show conflicting results, which can be explained by the influence of additional factors, such as the learner's motor activity and the speech learning strategies used. In order to clarify the role of these factors, we developed a natural design of learning tasks in VR on a computer monitor, based on the auditory presentation of new words to participants together with their visual referents in the context of interrogative sentences. The controlled variables were speech learning strategies (Fast Mapping/Explicit Encoding) and motor response to the question (high-velocity low amplitude hand movements). 16 respondents learned 8 nouns each in the two learning environments. Learning outcomes were assessed using the recognition task. Accuracy of the answers was analyzed using RM-ANOVA, the reaction time using the Wilcoxon test. The correctness of recognition of new words did not differ significantly after using VR (55%) or a computer monitor (61%). Words learned with high-velocity whole-hand movements were significantly better for participants when they learned through fast mapping, while words learned with low amplitude finger movements were significantly better with explicit encoding while using a computer monitor. Explicit Encoding learned words with small amplitude movements were recognized faster using VR then a computer monitor. The pilot study showed the effectiveness of the semantic assimilation of new words in both learning environments with the combined influence of speech learning strategies and the student's motor activity in this process.
Psychometric Modelling: A Systematic Critique of Underlying Assumptions and Some Alternatives
Authors:   The Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Tyumeneva Yulia A. ,   Institute of Education, HSE University
Published: February 2023

Due to the popularity of psychometrics, where probabilistic modelling takes a leading position, it seems useful to present a critical view of these techniques, which, unfortunately, is not extensively discussed, especially in the Russian-language literature. This paper is a systematic review of the growing criticism of several assumptions of psychometrics: 1) the existence of unobservable personality traits and abilities which are supposed to determine the performance of test items; 2) the stochastic nature of traits, and as a consequence, the need for probabilistic models to study them; 3) aggregate data represent individual characteristics; 4) as in the natural sciences, models in psychometrics help reveal psychological reality that is not directly observable; 5) if testing the agreement of empirical data with a model yields a positive result, then the model correctly describes reality. These assumptions are criticized on the basis of the circular nature of the definitions of the traits themselves, logical errors ingrained in the assumptions, the methodological mixture of variability and randomness regarding behavior, the lack of a causal link between inter-individual variation in responses and individual responses; superficial analogies with models in the natural science to which psychometrics refers, as well as the substitution of scientific tasks for instrumental and pragmatic ones. We conclude that modelling in psychometrics is counterproductive if used as a method of exploring the psychological reality behind the test. Some alternative practices of quantitative research are discussed. For example, testing the existence of variation at the level of the individual and the experimental search for its explanation. There are other possible alternatives, such as, a network perspective on psychological phenomena; faceted theory; or observation-oriented modeling. Although this kind of research is much more difficult to implement than standard “goodness-of-fit” tests, it is probably this kind of research that can provide an increase in psychological knowledge.
Concerning Modeling of Modern Professionalization and Self-Identification Systems in Higher Education
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Lukyanov Oleg V. , Dubinina Irina A. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Fedorov Igor V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the hypotheses about possible modeling of self-identification and professionalization systems. It is supposed that, during the age of transfer to a new technological paradigm, imperatives of the industrial age and the age of labor specialization are now implied instead of being evident. Imperatives of specialization and qualification are now completed with the imperatives of competence and self-identification. This leads to fundamental changes in the system of professionalization. The hypotheses are completed with an empirical research of modeling the system of objectification for individual self-identification potential. The research demonstrated a fundamentally new possibility to distinguish individual typological styles in solving educational tasks. The authors decided to limit the research with a situation when a bank of educational tasks is formed based on social and engineering practical problems. As a result of the post-experimental concept the authors defined the typology of four intellectual styles. The fundamentals for the typology is the grounded theory method. The conceptualization of intellectual styles is proved by the cluster analysis results. Based on cluster analysis, sub-groups were revealed. They differ from each other by special intellectual preferences and cognitive styles of information processing. The assumption that modern education needs a complex system of tests that corresponds to the complexity of individual variability of a person, is proved and claims for further verification and conceptualization. Existential Anxiety of Religious Identity and Religious Extremism in Indonesian Muslims
Aggression in an Immersive Virtual Environment: Behavioral Strategies of Adolescents and the Bystander Effect
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Soldatova Gaina U. , Chigarkova Svetlana V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Nikonova Evgenia Yu. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vinitskij Dmitriy A. ,   Laboratory of knowledge, Popkov Artem E. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: February 2023

The spread of virtual reality technologies raises the question of the formation of new practices of digital sociality, including encountering destructive communication. The article is devoted to an experimental study of the behavioral reactions of adolescents acting as bystanders of cyberaggression situation in an immersive virtual environment, including depending on the differences in the expression of social responsibility and moral attitudes. Adolescents (N=50) were asked to complete a task to search for an object in the VRChat virtual environment, in which they faced a real-time cyberaggression situation. The participants of the experiment were divided into control and experimental groups, the members of the latter were additionally instructed to observe and maintain the rules of communication in the virtual environment. Two types of behavior were identified: “passive bystanders” (58%), who chose an avoidance strategy or engaged in communication only to solve the task and “active defenders” (42%), who were divided into aggressive and non-aggressive. It is shown that the choice of behavioral strategies aimed at helping the “victim” in a cyberaggression situation in virtual space is determined to a greater extent by such personal characteristics as the severity of social responsibility and the level of moral development, which make more important contribution to the regulation of social behavior, than by the instruction received “at the entrance to the situation” on the need to comply with the rules of positive culture communication. The social responsibility as a personal characteristic, as opposed to the phenomenon of diffusion of responsibility, revealed within the framework of the bystander effect, turns out to be more characteristic of the defenders of the “victim” and their prosocial role compared to passive observers.
The Measure of Hierarchy of the Concept Stress and Copings in freshmen of Different Cultures
Authors:   Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Volkova Elena V. , Kuvaeva Irina O. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: February 2023

The turbulent state of modern society puts forward high demands on a person's ability to constructively resolve stressful situations. The choice and implementation of coping strategies depends on the measure of hierarchy of the Stress concept. The measure of the hierarchy of the Stress concept determines the ability of the subject to highlight the essence of the problem, taking into account significant relationships between the signs of a stressful situation. The results discussed, were an analysis with a ratio to the hierarchial measurement of the concept of Stress and coping strategies among students of different ethno-cultural groups. The verbal hierarchy of the Stress concept was evaluated by the modified version of the “Problem Formulation technique” (Kholodnaya, 2019); the nonverbal hierarchy of the Stress was assessed by pictographic technique. The criteria for assessing the verbal and nonverbal hierarchy of the Stress concept are defined. Coping strategies were measured by the Adolescent Coping Scale (Frydenberg, Lewis, 1993). The sample is represented by 712 first-year students of large universities aged fron 19.2 ± 2.0 years old from five collectivistic cultures. It was revealed that students display in visual images mainly external and internal manifestations of a stressful state, but verbalize stressful situations through partial concrete signs. It is shown that the higher is the measure of hierarchy of the Stress concept, the greater is the demand for subjective copings and the less is recourse to non-subjective ones (GLM, p = 0.000). The data obtained show that the verbal hierarchy of the concept Stress is significantly associated with the student's ethno-cultural affiliation: Russian students are characterized by a high verbal hierarchy of the Stress concept; Turkish and Chinese students are of average verbal hierarchy, students from Armenia and Tatarstan are of low verbal hierarchy. Significant data in favor of the conjugation of the non-verbal hierarchy of the Stress concept with the student's ethnocultural affiliation was not found. The development of the subject's ability to integrate diverse information about a stressful situation into a holistic image provides an increase in the constructiveness of coping behavior.
The Influence of Mental Structures on the Efficiency of Self-Regulation of Mental States in Students' Learning Activities
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Prokhorov Alexander O. , Chernov Albert V. ,   Kazan Federal University, Kartasheva Madina I. ,   Kazan Federal University
Published: February 2023

The article presents a study of the psychological mechanisms of mental states regulation. Considered the main theoretical approaches, among which the emphasis is on the systemfunctional paradigm of self-regulation of psychological states as a class of mental phenomena. Within the framework of this approach, a hierarchical system of regulation of mental states is implemented, the leading level of which is mental structures. The aim of the research is to study the peculiarities of the mental structures (semantic, reflection, the self-system) influence on the regulation of mental states in everyday (lectures, seminars) and stressful situations of activity (exams). The study involved second-year students of the Institute of Psychology and Education of the Kazan Federal University. At the first stage of the study, we identified the features of the mental structures of the respondents: the characteristics of the components of the self-system, the severity and direction of reflection, as well as the level of meaning-life orientations and its components. At the second stage, students were asked to describe their own mental states and evaluate the effectiveness of their self-regulation during lectures, seminars and exams. Various methods to study semantic structures, reflection, the self-system, and self-regulation were used. It was established that the influence of individual mental structures and their combinations on the self-regulation of students' mental states was differentiated depending on the forms and intensity of educational activity. It was shown that the relations between structures were characterized by linear and non-linear dependencies in the process of self-regulation of states. It was also shown that the greatest efficiency of mental states selfregulation in everyday forms of education was achieved in the case of the interaction of a high level of life meaningfulness, reflection of past experience and self-worth of students. In a stressful exam situation, the most effective regulation of states was facilitated by a combination of a high level of mental states reflection and meaningful life orientations with low internal conflict of students.
The study of subjective life quality and subjective well-being in late ontogenesis
Authors:   Institute of Psychology of RAS, Pavlova Nadezhda S.
Published: February 2023

Currently, the problem of finding ways of positive/optimal functioning of the personality is becoming highly relevant. This is particularly significant in late ontogenesis. The paper deals with the results of an empirical research, the purpose of which was to study the features of subjective well-being and health-related quality of life of people aged 49-93 who permanently reside (more than 1 year) in a geriatric center. A total sample (N = 155) is analyzed in subgroups depending on gender, age (49-64 years; 65-74 years; 75-93 years) and objective health status (disability group or its absence). The following methods were used: SF-36 Health Status Survey, Subjective Happiness Scale by S. Lyubomirsky, Satisfaction with Life Scale by E. Diener. The health self-esteem is shown to be rather low and is characterized by heterogeneity, while the level of subjective well-being corresponds to the average interval. Health-related quality of life, satisfaction with life, and subjective happiness are correlated. Men rate their health higher than women on all indicators. With increasing age, health-related quality of life decreases (except for the indicator “Physical functioning” (PF)). At the same time, there are gender differences in dynamics. Health self-esteem has no connection with the objective state of somatic health, except for the indicator “Physical functioning” (PF). Satisfaction with life and subjective happiness have no correlations with chronological age, as well as they have no differences in groups of people of different ages and genders. The objective state of health does not affect satisfaction with life but affects subjective happiness. The presence of deficit aspects (high chronological age and the 1st disability group) manifests itself an increasing number of correlations between subjective well-being and health-related quality of life. In general, it can be noted that people with different objective and subjective health assessments feel happy and satisfied with their lives. This, in our opinion, is provided by relying on intrapersonal resources. The research contributes to the formation of the idea of the aging as a period of development and the subjective resources of successful aging as well.
The Modern Cultural Context of Ideas about the Future in Adolescence
Authors:   Federal Service for Supervision of Education and Science, Shilova Natalia P. , Vladyko Anna K. ,   Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The article describes the results of an empirical study of ideas about the future in the context of the socio-psychological phenomenon of the extended childhood and youth. For boys and girls the future is a positive time in which work depends on study and knowledge. Before the onset of adolescence, the future is blurred, and at the age of youth, the future depends on work, which determines the creation of a family, the appearance of children and self-understanding. Methodology and sampling of the study. In this study the method of I.S. Cohn “Me in 5 years” was used. The sample consisted of 1,538 boys and girls aged from 14 to 28. Four age groups were identified, which correspond to adolescence (14 years old), early adolescence (15-18 years old), late adolescence (19-23 years old), the age of youth or the onset of adulthood (24-28 years old). The sample was formed according to the “snowball” principle by sending a link to the study to educational organizations in Russia by e-mail. The text data obtained were analyzed using the statistical software package “R” (version 21.0). The main results of the study. The analysis of the texts of the essays showed that most often when talking about the future, respondents use the words: “I hope” and “I want”. For teenagers (14 years old), the word “I will” comes out on top, and for young people of the age of youth or the onset of adulthood (24-28 years old), the word “work” comes out on top. The words “I hope” and “I want” occur most often in the age groups from 15 to 23 years old. Discussion and interpretation of data. Meaningful topics of ideas about the future include: desires, expectations, opportunities, values, achievements and goals. At the same time, opportunities are associated with family and work, the value is life, which depends on a good job and a good person nearby. Goals are associated with their own personality in the future, with an understanding of time, as well as with what boys and girls think, dream, love and know. The study also showed that the formation of a subjective position regarding one's own future takes place in several steps/stages. Conclusion. The meaningful directions of ideas about the future are: desires, expectations, opportunities, values, achievements and goals. The discussion of the future family and future work is the material, and not the central core of a meaningful idea of the future. Teenagers see the future in positive colors, without separating their own desires from opportunities.
Empathy as a Resource of Students' Hardiness during University Adaptation
Authors:   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Kashapov Mergalyas M. , Smirnov Alexsandr A. ,   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Solovyeva Elizaveta V. ,   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Serafimovich Irina V. ,   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University; Institute of Education Development
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The resources approach allows to obtain the knowledge that is necessary in modern reality, as well as to reveal the facts, patterns and mechanisms of coping with difficult life situations. The goal of society in the period of global development is to identify how to increase the hardiness of each individual and thereby ensure its sustainable development. The resource is the empathic interaction of individuals. But what kind of communication can be called successful in an educational environment? In modern education emphasis is placed on the development of «flexible skills» for rapid adaptation. Empathy is usually developed among students because according to common belief it contributes to social adaptation. Purpose of research. Thus, the study is aimed at establishing the resources of empathy through the facilitation of hardiness in the university adaptation of students. The university adaptability of students is clearly reflected in the social context of development, educational and future professional activities. Materials and methods. In this study we apply the following methods of psychological diagnosis: Index of hardiness (S. Maddi), Test of empathic abilities (V.V. Boyko), Questionnaire of students' adaptation to higher education (M.S. Yurkina), A test for determining suicidal tendencies (P. Wider, described by A.Y. Egorov, S.A. Igumnov). Results. The study has established the resource side of empathy which might increase students' hardiness in relation to adapting to the university. The study has profiled 249 students. Conclusion. The study demonstrates that the characteristics of the conative parameters of empathy differ significantly from the perceptual channels of empathy. It is proved for the first time that only conativity in empathic interaction can increase the hardiness of students in educational and professional activities. Empathy as a resource of hardiness in the university adaptation of students is manifested through the interaction of conative empathy with the sides of learning. Thus, the interpretation of the concept of a resource for cognitive empathy is that it increases hardiness and reduces suicidal tendencies. Resourcefulness not just facilitates the learning success, but also eliminates negative impacts. The emotional component of empathy reduces hardiness. This stems from its implicit, subconscious structure, and the impossibility of reaching the supra-situational level of resource thinking.
Health as a Result of Everyday Choice: Development and Validation of the Motivation of Actions For and Against Health Scale
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Rasskazova Elena I. , Tkhostov Alexander Sh. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: February 2023

In this paper, health-related behavior is considered not as a single activity, but as a series of everyday, often uncoordinated and polymotivated, choices of actions in favor or against of better health. The aim is to develop and validate a scale of motivation for actions related to health, as people's everyday choices - in favor or against of health. Methods. 119 residents of Moscow and Moscow Region and 64 residents of Baku filled out the scale of motivation for actions in favor and against of health (on a specific example of each of the actions), Satisfaction With Life Scale, Positive and Negative Experience Scale and the Scale of Ways to Care for Health. Results. Sufficient consistency and factorial validity of the scale were demonstrated. In general, when evaluating their motivation for both benefit and harm to health, people rate internal and identified motivation higher, and lower - the search for a new, external and amotivation. When choosing in favor of health, in comparison with the choice to the detriment of it, there are higher indicators of identified, introjected motivation, as well as the search for something new. Intrinsic and identified motivations for choosing actions in favor of health are associated with lower levels of negative emotions and an active lifestyle, and identified motivations are also associated with proactive health monitoring. Powerlessness as a variant of amotivation is associated with a higher level of negative emotions, both when choosing in favor of health, and to the detriment of it. The search for new health is associated with the use of alternative methods of treatment. Conclusions. The action motivation scale can be used to assess internal, identified, introjected, external motivation, amotivation, as well as searching for something new and impotence, both in relation to actions for the benefit and to the detriment of health.