bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent records of Conopidae from Corsica (Diptera)
Authors: Stuke Jens-Hermann
Published: June 2024

Details of recent material of nine species of Conopidae from Corsica are set out; Merziella longirostris (Lyneborg, 1962), Physocephala rufipes (Fabricius, 1781) and Zodion cinereum (Fabricius, 1794) are reported for Corsica for the first time. A list of Conopidae published to date for Corsica is provided and critically evaluated. In total some 28 species of Conopidae are reported from Corsica, although the occurrence of four of those species remains doubtful.
Two new whip spider species of the genus Charinus Simon, 1892, from Guadeloupe and Martinique, Lesser Antilles (Amblypygi, Charinidae)
Authors: Ythier Éric , Ramage Thibault , Jourdan Toni , Giupponi Alessandra P.L. , Coulis Mathieu
Published: June 2024

Two new whip spider species of the genus Charinus Simon, 1892, are described based on seven specimens collected in Guadeloupe (Grande-Terre) and three specimens collected in northern Martinique. The new taxa described here, Charinus grandisterrae n. sp. and C. marechali n. sp., raise the number of currently recognized species for the genus Charinus to 102 and the number of known species occurring in the Lesser Antilles to seven, confirming again that this genus is more widespread across Lesser Antilles than originally suspected. A map of the geographical distribution of the Lesser Antillean Charinus species is presented and a key for their identification is provided. Emended diagnosis is also provided for Charinus martinicensis Teruel & Coulis, 2017, based on additional material.
Nouveaux Carabus Linné, 1758, et Cychrus Fabricius, 1794, de Chine occidentale des collections de l’Institut de Zoologie de Pékin (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Deuve Thierry , Liu Yizhou , Liang Hongbin
Published: June 2024

New Carabus Linné, 1758, and Cychrus Fabricius, 1794, from western China in the collections of the Institute of Zoology of Beijing (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Four new species and six new subspecies are described in the genera Carabus Linné, 1758, and Cychrus Fabricius, 1794, discovered in the mountainous regions of western China: Carabus (Rhigocarabus) degensis ladyginioides n. ssp. from Qinghai, C. (Meganebrius) hongliangi n. sp. from Tibet, C. (Acoptopterus) dongchuanicus fazhensis n. ssp., C. (A.) yunnanus dayaoicus n. ssp. and C. (Pseudocoptolabrus) taliensis huiliensis n. ssp. from Yunnan, C. (Neoplesius) takashimai qamdoensis n. ssp. and C. (Calocarabus) przewalskii menyuanensis n. ssp. from Qinghai, Cychrus (Cychropsis) yadongensis n. sp., Cy. (Cychropsis) kalongensis n. sp. and Cy. (Cychropsis) hongliangi n. sp. from Tibet. In addition, we give the localities of four Carabus species of the subgenus Meganebrius Kraatz, 1895, collected in Tibet. Notably, C. (Meganebrius) franzi Mandl, 1974, and C. (M.) pseudoharmandi Mandl, 1965, are reported there for the first time.
Role of medieval texts in the system of common Turkic historical sources
Authors: Rysbekov T. , Rysbekova S. , Shintimirova B.
Published: June 2024

Source studies, as a science is fundamental to various fields within the humanities and is inherently interdisciplinary. Among the theoretical issues of source studies, historical source analysis holds the primary position. The article utilized works by Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat and Kadyrgali Kosymuly Zhalairi as the primary source. These works contain unique information about the consolidation of Kazakh tribes in the middle of the 15th century and their unification into a large state entity.The fundamental nature of source studies is determined primarily by the distinctive features of historical science: a historian cannot directly study the object of history - the “past of society”. It is only mastered through critical analysis of historical sources, which are the subject of historical science. According to the theory of source studies, the main goal of research is generalization and systematization of historical information, methods of assessment and generalization are shown. Data science is closely intertwined with the practice of factual data analysis. Source studies is a critical assessment of their reliability and validity. Theory of source studies theory should ensure professionalism, quality, and the effectiveness of research.
«Жол» лексемасы және қазақ тілі мен мәдениетіндегі жолға қатысты топонимдер
Authors: Әбдуәлиұлы Бекжан
Published: June 2024

Мақалада Қазақстан аумағындағы ұлы далалар, ормандар, сусыз шөлді аймақтар, таулы жерлер, өзендер мен көлдер арқылы өтетін жол атауларыдромонимдер мен жол бойындағы топонимдерге семантикалық талдаулар жасалады. Жол ең бірінші тиімді бағыттарды айқындауды, адамдардың қауіпсіздігін және азық-түлік, қонақжайлармен қамтамасыз етуді қажет етеді. «Жол» ұғымы қазақтың тарихи-мәдениеті мен мифологиялық түсініктерінен бастау алатын географиялық, экономикалық білімімен, дәстүрлерімен және рухани әлемімен тығыз байланысты. Сондықтан мақалада мифтер, аңыздар мен дәстүрлер арқылы қазақ халқындағы жол туралы ұғымның тілдік тұрғыдан мәні ашылады: мифтік таныммен сабақтас «садақа беру», «бата беру» немесе «теріс бата беру» секілді тіркестер ауыс мағынасында адамның өмір жолына қатысты қолданылады. Қазақ халқының көшпелі тарихи мәдениеті және маусымға сәйкес қоныс аударып отыру дәстүрі арқылы дромонимдердің уақыт пен кеңістікке қатысты мәні айқындалды. Көшпелі өмірі мен тұрмыс-салтының аясында жолға қатысты лексиканың түрлеріне, мысалы, жаяу, аттылы қозғалыстарға қатысты лексиканы жатқызуға болады және бұл халықтың дәстүрлі тұрмысы мен салтынан ақпараттар береді. Мақалада жол бойындағы топонимдердің ерекшеліктерін айқындауға, атап айтқанда, Қазақстан аумағынан өтетін Жібек жолының сауда-өркениеттік, саяси, мәдени рөліне назар аударылды. Белгілі қазақ ғалымы Ә.Марғұланның және басқа да зерттеушілердің еңбектері негізге алына отырып, еліміздегі жол бойындағы топонимдер жүйеленіп, оларға түсініктер берілді. Жүйелі семантикалық талдаулар жүргізуге мүмкіндік тудыратын дромонимдер мен топонимдердің танымдық мәні ашылды, лексемалардың көпмағы налылығы, олардың сөзтудырушылық-деривациялық әлеуеті және синагматикалық қатынастары айқындалды.
«Хұсрау уа Шырын» материалы негізіндегі орта ғасырлық сөздіктің тарихи-лексикографиялық құндылығы
Authors: Малбақұлы Мырзаберген , Сейтбекова Айнұр
Published: June 2024

Мақалада XIV ғасырға тиесілі Құтбтың «Хұсрау уа Шырын» материалы негізінде 1979 жылы белгілі кеңес түркологы Ә.Нәжіп тарапынан жазылған «Түркі тілдерінің тарихи-салыстырмалы сөздігі» талданады. Ғалымның атап өтуі бойынша, сөздіктің жазылуына Алтын орда дәуірінің өзге де қыпшақ ескерткіштері – Хорезмидің «Нахдж әл-Фарадис» және «Мұхаббат-наме» материалдары да пайдаланылған. Айтылған ақпараттың дәлдігі тұрғысында мақалада «Нахдж әл-Фарадис» еңбегінен фрагменттер келтіріледі. Мақала авторлары Ә.Нәжіпті көне шығыс білгірі ретінде тани отырып, терең тарихи-мәдени білімін, ғылыми-практикалық тәжірибесінің молдығын, түпнұсқадан ескерткіш мәтіндерін оқудағы қабілетін, иран және түркі тілдерін меңгергендігін атап өтеді. Авторлардың пікірінше, шығыс қолжазбаларының мол қорына қол жеткізу, дәл осы қолжазбаларды зерттеу бағытындағы күнделікті тынымсыз еңбек ғалымның мүмкіндіктерін аша түсті және тарихи тұрғыда ареалдымәдени және тілдік байланысты ашып көрсететін бірегей тарихи-салыстырмалы оғыз-қыпшақ сөздігінің жасалуына жол ашты. Ә.Нәжіп салыстырмалы-тарихи әдісті пайдалана отырып, түркі тілдерінің ортақ лексика-грамматикалық бірліктерін анықтап, ескі қыпшақ пен қазіргі қыпшақ тілдерінің (қазақ, қарақалпақ, ноғай және т.б.) ортақтығын ашып көрсетті. Осы тұрғыда сөздікте антропонимдер, этнонимдер, топонимдер, өзге тақырыптық топтар, сондай-ақ олардың сөз формалары, сөз тіркестері мен туынды сөздер қамтылған. Сондай-ақ лексемалардың семантикалық талдауы мен олардың мағыналық топтарға жіктелуінің маңызы зор.Мақала авторларының пайымдауынша, «Хұсрау уа Шырын» ескерткіші негізінде жасалған түркі тілдерінің тарихи-салыстырмалы сөздігі түркі, қыпшақ тілдерінің, соның ішінде қазақ тілінің тарихи лексикографиясын жан-жақты ашып көрсетеді.
Түркі халықтарының магиялық фольклорының жіктелу жолдары
Authors: Ибраев Шакимашрип , Тұрғанбаев Асқар
Published: June 2024

Түркі халықтарының магиялық фольклорының атқарған қызметі, прагматикалық аспектісі ерте замандардағы рух-иелерге, тылсым күш құдайларына жалбарыну, тілек айту, зұлым күштерді қуу, көшіру сияқты рәсімдеу әрекеттерімен байланысты. Рәсімдеу ғұрып (ритуал) түріндегі іс әрекеттермен, құрбандық берумен, магиялық іс-қимылдармен бірлікте атқарылған. Магиялық фольклордың орындалу үдерісі сөзбен, әрекетпен және әуенмен бірлікте, өзара байланыста жұмсалатын компоненттер жиынтығынан құралады. Бұл компоненттердің мазмұны ритуалдың синкреттік сипатымен, мифтік түсініктермен сабақтасып жатқан табиғатымен байланысты.Магиялық ғұрыптың атқарылу тәртібі мен мазмұны социум тарапынан қабылданған, мінез-құлықтың бағытын белгілеген әрекеттер жүйесінен жинақталады: іс-әрекеттер жүйесі мен мақсаты ортақ әлеуметтік-психологиялық сипатқа ие. Магиялық ғұрып қалыптасқан тәртіппен, бұрыннан белгілі жүйемен атқарылады, әр атқарылған ғұрып бұрынғы нәтижені, қалыптасқан норманы қайта тірілту, жандандыру мақсатын көздейді. Бұл үдеріс социумның ортақ әлеуметтік психологиялық мінездемесінің қалыпты қызметіне ықпал етеді.Мақалада салыстырмалы-ретроспективалы аспектіде саха, алтай, қазақ, татар, башқұрт халықтарының алғыс (алкыш, алгыһа), арбау (арбоо, дуа), бәдік, бақсы сарыны (кам, хам, ойуун) сияқты фольклорлық жанрларының функционалдық қызметі және құрылымдық компоненттері қарастырылады. Саха, алтай фольклорында ғұрыптың магиялық және мифтік мәні рух-иелерге қайрылу, шақыру, байланысқа шығу, өтініш жасау, шығарып салу сынды ұғымдармен және компоненттік бөліктермен бірлікте қызмет етеді. Ал қазақ, татар, башқұрт фольклорында бұл компоненттер қысқарған: ғұрыптық ситуациялардан тілек айту, алғыс, мадақтау, дуалау мәнді сөздер сақталып қалған. Жинақталған динамикалық әрекет көне ғұрыптық семиотика мәнін қайта жаңғыртады.
Көшпелі қазақ қоғамындағы әдеттік-құқықтық қатынас пен іс-тәжірибенің антропологиясы (XVIII-XIX ғ. 60-жылдары)
Authors: Әлімбай Нұрсан
Published: June 2024

Мақалада дәстүрлі қазақы ортада шамамен XIX ғ. 60-жылдарының аяғына дейін сақталған ежелгі әдеттік-құқықтық ұстанымдар мен институттар, соның ішінде сот ісін жүргізудің дәстүрлі тәртібі мен реті зерттеледі. Ресей империясы әкімшілік құрылымының отарлық реформаларының нәтижесінде осы уақыттан кейін қазақ социумының ежелгі әкімшілік-билік жүйесі, соның ішінде әдеттікқұқықтық ұстанымдар мен институттар іс жүзінде «жұтылып» кетті. Шамамен аталмыш ғасырдың 60-жылдарының соңынан бастап және одан әрі Ресей әкімшілігі тарапынан «қолдан жасалған» «жаңа билердің» билігі және империяның отарлау идеологиясы мен іс-тәжірибесінің тегеурінді ықпалымен «жетілдірілген» әдеттік құқықтың нормалар зерттеуде қарастырылмайды. Мақалада жүгініс және билер кеңесі сынды қазақтың дәстүрлі сот жүйесінің ұйымдық формалары және осы институттардың әрқайсысы арқылы сот үрдісінің ұйымдастырылуы мен жүргізілу барысы зерттеледі. Әрбір дәстүрлі сот ісін ұйымдастыру мен жүргізу үрдісі көрнекті билердің іс-тәжірибесіне сүйенеді. Мұндай билердің сан ұрпақтары арқылы жеткен бұл іс-тәжірибенің көшпелі қоғамының тіршілігіндегі орны мен рөлі өлшеусіз болды. Бидің билігі барысында функциясы ұдайы «іске қосылып» отыратын «билік жүргізу», «би», «төбе би», «ара би», «айыпкер», «даугер», «қамшы тастау», «жасауыл», «куәгер», «айғақ», «жан беру», «жанға ұстанған», «кепілдікке жүру», «салауат айту» және осы сынды тағы басқа да субъектілер мен құқықтық категориялар және әдіс-тәсілдерді осы үрдістің құқықтық кеңістігінің жүйелілігін қамтамасыз ететін институционалдық тораптар ретінде қарастыруға болады. Олардың арасындағы функционалдық байланыстар әдеттік-құқықтық катынастарының мәдени антропологиялық болмысын білдіреді.
Archaeological research on the Kanka fortress city: between nomads and farmers
Authors: Kubaev Sur’at , Yusupova Nadira
Published: June 2024

The settlement of Kanka is one of the largest urban centres on the right bank of the Syrdarya. It comprises a citadel, three shakhristans, each surrounded on three sides by defensive walls, and a suburb of rabad. The fourth side of the settlement bordered the riverbank, along which a wall also ran. A significant object, discovered during the excavations of Shakhristan 1 was the city temple, which was a large monumental structure. The core of the temple complex was a square hall surrounded by bypass corridors. The walls of the temple were decorated with paintings and relief moldings. New research in the settlement was conducted on the eastern part of the city temple, the supposed entrance part site of the temple complex. The archaeological excavations at the Kanka monument have yielded insights into the lifestyle of an outpost city situated at the border of the territories of nomads, pastoralists, and farmers in ancient Central Asia. The findings indicate that ancient nomadic populations likely played a significant role in the dissemination of scientific progress. Through their extensive migrations and cultural interactions, they could have served as conduits for exchanging knowledge and technological innovations among disparate regions.
Эпистолярное наследие Абылай хана в контексте казахско российской политической коммуникации
Authors: Лысенко Юлия
Published: June 2024

В статье представлен анализ эпистолярного наследия крупнейшего казахского общественно-политического деятеля XVIII в. Абылай хана сквозь призму практик коммуникации политической элиты Среднего жуза с органами власти и управления Российской империи. Отмечается, что в данный период отношения между двумя государствами эволюционировали от формально-правового сюзеренитета Российской империи над казахскими жузами до государственно-политического протектората. Это дает основание рассматривать властную коммуникацию казахской и российской политических элит как взаимодействие и взаимовлияние полноправных акторов. Данное взаимодействие принимало различные форматы - переговоры, обмен посольскими миссиями и т.д. Однако в условиях языкового барьера, территориальной отдаленности друг от друга, наиболее интенсивно взаимодействие осуществлялось через обмен письмами казахских султанов и ханов с чиновниками Российской империи. Такой формат взаимоотношений позволял оперативно решать срочные дела, выявлять позиции друг друга по тому или иному вопросу, обмениваться информацией. Эпистолярное наследие Абылай хана позволяет утверждать, что он вел переписку с императрицами, членами Коллегии иностранных дел, генерал-губернаторами Оренбургского края и Сибири, военной верхушкой войсковых соединений Западной Сибири. В поле зрения казахского правителя – развитие международной ситуации в Центральной Азии, казахско-российские и казахско-китайские отношения, «джунгарский вопрос»; широкий спектр социально-экономических вопросов. Анализ позиций Абылай хана по различным аспектам казахско-российского взаимодействия, его политическая риторика, отраженная в письмах, конечные результаты и эффекты, которые ему удавалось добиваться, свидетельствуют о его незаурядных дипломатических способностях.
A Review on Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods on Medical Image Classification
Authors: Degadwala Dr. Sheshang Degadwala , Degadwala Dhairya Vyas
Published: June 2024

Medical image classification, a critical component in medical diagnostics, has significantly advanced through the integration of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques. This review comprehensively explores the evolution, methodologies, and applications of ML and DL in medical image classification. Traditional ML methods, including support vector machines and decision trees, have provided a foundation for early advancements by utilizing handcrafted features. However, the advent of DL, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), has revolutionized the field by enabling automatic feature extraction and achieving superior performance. This review examines various DL architectures, such as ResNet, VGG, and Inception, highlighting their contributions to tasks like tumor detection, organ segmentation, and disease classification. Furthermore, it addresses challenges like data scarcity, interpretability, and computational demands, discussing potential solutions like data augmentation, transfer learning, and model optimization. The review also considers the ethical implications and the need for robust validation to ensure clinical applicability. Through a comparative analysis of existing studies, this review underscores the transformative impact of ML and DL on medical imaging, emphasizing the continuous need for innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
Marsirimpa Tradition as a Livelihood Strategy of Sharecroppers in Sidiangkat Village, Sidikalang District
Authors: Sianturi Lisbet Rizona Br , Ginting Bengkel
Published: June 2024

The marsirimpa tradition is a survival strategy carried out by poor farmers, one of which is rice farming sharecroppers in Sidiangkat Village, Sidikalang District. This strategy is carried out to minimize the amount of expenditure on capital for agricultural activities. The poverty experienced by sharecroppers which can be seen based on the socio-economic conditions of the family affects the survival strategy carried out. This means that the marsirimpa tradition is carried out by poor farmers who have limited capital. This research aims to describe the socio-economic conditions and survival strategies carried out by sharecroppers in SidiangkatVillage in meeting family needs. The main informant in this research is the head of Sidiangkat neighborhood I, the main informant is four sharecroppers, additional informants are two landowners. Data collection techniques are done by literature study, interviews, observation and documentation. The data obtained in the field was then analyzed qualitatively to produce a conclusion. The results showed that the socio-economic conditions of sharecroppers were below the poverty line with a total income of around Rp500,000 to Rp1,000,000 per month with two to six dependents. The type of residence is contact and self-owned which is equipped with a PLN lighting source and well and irrigation water sources and has been facilitated with private toilets. Active strategies carried out are by increasing income, having additional jobs, raising livestock and utilizing the potential of family members. Passive strategies by minimizing expenses or implementing savings strategies. While the network strategy is carried out by making loans, utilizing government assistanceand assistance from relatives.
Screening and Isolation of Protease Producing Bacteria from Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Sarah Ghalib Khudhur  , Saadon Hanan , Aya Talib jawad  , Jebur Assala , Abd Ali Abbas , Farah Al-Ali
Published: June 2024

This study was conducted to detect bacterial causative pathogens in patients with diabetes foot ulcer infections and determine the protease enzyme. Samples were collected from 75 swabs were collected from patients suffering from diabetic foot ulcers referred to The Diabetic Center /Thi-Qar province. Data collected from patients included: age, gender and Period of infection. The results revealed that positive bacterial growth appeared in 54 (72 %) of diabetic foot ulcer specimen, and the most common isolates were Enterobacter cloaca 15(27.77%), followed by proteus mirabilis 12 (22.22%), Staphylococcus aureus 10 (18.51%), Escherichia coli 8 (14.81%), for each one Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogens 3(0.84%). The results of the Protease enzyme test were performed for all 54 isolates to determine the variable ability of these bacterial species isolated from didactic foot ulcers to produce this enzyme. The highest percentage production protease enzyme was 100 % for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and 76.92% for proteus mirabilis, while the isolates showed a low production of 20.0 % for Enterobacter cloaca.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Childhood: A Review
Authors: Saadon Hanan
Published: June 2024

Vitamin D is primarily obtained through sun exposure and diet, but factors like dark skin tone, limited time outside, and poor dietary habits can contribute to low levels of this essential vitamin. Getting enough Vitamin D is really important for kids' health, but a lot of them don't get enough because they don't spend enough time in the sun, don't eat well, or have trouble absorbing it. Not having enough can cause weaker bones, more infections, long-term illnesses, and problems with the immune system. To avoid this, children need to spend more time in the sun, eat foods rich in Vitamin D, and maybe take some supplements as well. In summary, this review highlights the importance of addressing vitamin D deficiency in children for their overall health and well-being.
The Assemblage of Pathways Towards Homelessness for Newcomer Youth
Authors: Abdi Abdullahi
Published: June 2024

Pathways towards homelessness for newcomer youth are often interpreted through an individual lens that minimizes the structural invisibility they may experience upon arrival. Through a scoping literature review, this study will uncover the role of immigration policy in creating potential pathways towards addressing the homelessness problem for newcomer youth. Key systems that work directly with newcomer youth will be analyzed to argue how the relationship between immigration policy and key points of contact for newcomer youth during the settlement process is defined by isolation. Assemblage thinking will be applied to a discussion on how various actors, institutions, and policies can be better integrated to prevent pathways towards homelessness for newcomer youth. Service coordination that offers integrated and concrete solutions to housing insecurity for newcomer youth and their families will be emphasised throughout this review to show how securing a place to live is the most central factor of the settlement process for newcomer youth. 
Securitization and the Impacts and Perceptions of Migration Post-2015: A Scoping Review of Canada and Germany
Authors: Cox Hannah
Published: June 2024

This MRP looks at the responses of Canada and Germany to the 2015 refugee crisis.Applying a postcolonial lens to securitization theory and understanding, this research critically looks at the contexts surrounding Canada and Germany's responses and in how these countries implemented securitizing measures, looking at the inherent issues within the act. Through a scoping review, themes of the literature include national identity, the grapple between 'new Canadians' and 'willkommenskultur,' the role of the media, the role of the audience, and the gendering and racialising of refugees. With the goal in mind of what the future of securitization theory could look at, this paper also offers suggestions on how to reconcile with securitization following the critical postcolonial lens on the responses of Canada and Germany.
Canada's 2021 Federal Election: A Study on Voting Intentions Throughout the Election
Authors: Ambwani Ravina
Published: June 2024

The 2021 Federal Election in Canada was a fascinating time for those in Canada. throughout the entirety of the election, media and news outlets found it difficult to predict a winner until the very end of election night on September 20 , 2021. This difficulty stems from constant shifts in both Justin Trudeau's and Erin O'Toole's voter favourability and preference. The paper, through the use of extended literature reviews and analysis, looks to provide some reasoning behind why voting intentions shifted immensely throughout the election. This paper focuses on three key factors starting with political factors. This area studied both the Liberal and Conservative platforms in relation to Canadians' top five issues for the 2021 election. After these two areas were analyzed, the focus shifted to issue ownership and whom Canadians believed had the best policies concerning their leading issues. The second factor studied was societal factors. This area selected five major events occurring in Canada before and during the 2021 Federal Election. These five areas were then studied to see how they may have affected voters' intentions. The third and final factor studied was communicative factors. This area was pinned down to one specific event, the 2021 Federal Leaders Debate on September 9 . th Following the conclusion of this event, Erin O'Toole immediately witnessed a fall in the polls, moving him out of the lead just ten days before election day. Both the non-verbal and verbal communication was studied. Through these three factors, this paper was able to produce one final prediction about why voting intentions shifted so drastically throughout the 2021 Federal Election.
Spaces of Care / Photography as Queer Racialized Affective Archives: A Collaborative Project
Authors: Nguyen Pauline
Published: June 2024

This participatory research-creation project brings together the photovoice method and queer personal archives to look at how the ephemeral, feelings-based aspects of queer and trans racialized young people's experiences of 'spaces of care' can be shared through photographmaking. Through the facilitation of four photovoice workshops with three other queer/trans racialized identified young people, each collaborator created 35mm photographs related to the theme 'spaces of care,' culminating in a collective zine. The process of coming together to share ideas, feelings, and experiences is as important as the making of artwork itself. In focusing on the archival possibilities that arise from a qualitative arts-based method (photovoice) that is not typically concerned with issues of the archive, this project simultaneously critiques photovoice and asks: how might affective attachments to spaces of (queer) care, as fundamentally ungraspable and ephemeral experiences, be brought into the queer archive through photographmaking? 
Rocking the Country: How the Freedom Convoy Characterized Far-right Populism on Tiktok
Authors: Sammon Jacob
Published: June 2024

This study investigates how Tiktok is a powerful platform for amplifying far-right populism. Research from the academic community signaled that many online cultures have grown out of Tiktok; unfortunately, not all are positive. This recognition for research provides an opportunity to investigate how a social and political culture of far-right populism has become a more visible force in Canada with the appearance of the Freedom Convoy in Winter 2022. The data for this study is collected through a mixed-methods approach of a Walkthrough method and content analysis of hashtags #freedomconvoy and #freedomconvoy2022. By analyzing the findings through a philosophical, theoretical framework of affective publics, this study demonstrates the Freedom Convoys' ability to capture their pride, anger, and distrust through Tiktok's unique visual representation and audio overlay to spread messaging that characterizes far-right populism.
"I Didn't See Anyone Who Looked Like Me": Gender and Racial Representation in Board Gaming
Authors: Pobuda Tanya
Published: June 2024

Through a variety of mixed methods, this PhD dissertation asks whether a lack of diversity in the labour of board game design, and a lack of representation of women and non-binary, Black, Indigenous, Persons of Colour (BIPOC) in artwork of popular games acts as a potential barrier for board gaming cultures' potential growth, wider mainstream cultural adoption, and creates the conditions for exclusion and marginalization for those who identify as women, LGBTQiIA+, and BIPOC? The research conducted in support of this dissertation found that 92.6 percent of the labour of board game design was that of white-identified, male-identified creators in a sample of the top-ranked 400 board games on the global game repository, BoardGameGeek (BGG). This study further found that of the human representation found on the cover art of the boxes of the top 200 BGG games, images of men and/or boys represented 76.8 percent of the sample or 647 figures. Women and/or girls were represented 23.2 percent of the time or 195 figures in total compared to men. Only 17.5% of the human representation was that of Black, Indigenous, Persons of Colour (BIPOC) on the cover art of board games or 112 total figures, versus 528 images of white figures which represented 82.5 percent of the sample. Further, 320 respondents to an online survey shared that representation was a notable factor in their perceptions of, and behaviours within the hobby and industry, with 84.9 percent of the respondents indicating that diverse gender and racial representation was a problem in contemporary board games. A correlation was located in the representation of women, and BIPOC in game design and artwork and board game consumers play and purchase decision-making.
An Unsupervised Deep Learning Method for CT and MR Registration in Spine Surgery Simulator
Authors: Ranabhat Raj Kumar
Published: June 2024

Image registration is a fundamental step in patient specific spine surgery simulation where two images are aligned in the same spatial geometry coordinate space. Registration of Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has important implications for 3D model creation, clinical diagnosis, treatment planning, and image-guided surgery as it provides complimentary information obtained from different image modalities. Existing methods are slow and requires manual intervention. Therefore, a more accurate, robust and fast method was introduced with the implementation of a VoxelMorph framework using Modality Independent Neighbourhood Descriptor (MIND) based loss function. A UNET based model was trained with 268 pairs of CT and MRI images acquired through Sunnybrook Health Science Centre. The trained model was tested through 10 pairs of test data with vertebral body segmentation. The results achieved good performance accuracy; Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) : 0.845 ¬± 0.028 and Hausdorff distance : 1.128 ¬± 0.588 mm with regularization parameter (Œª) tuned to 0.7. Integration of this method into a spine surgery simulation workflow will allow a fast (few seconds in GPU, under a minute in CPU), accurate and robust registration process.
Implementation of a Cyclegan Model for MRI Image Translation
Authors: Czobit Cassandra
Published: June 2024

Image-to-image translation has gained popularity within the medical field to transform images from one domain to another. Medical image synthesis via domain transformation is advantageous in its ability to generate images for instances where an abundance of images for a given class is limited, while protecting individuals' privacy. This study proposes the development of a CycleGAN model for translating neuroimages from a field strength of 3 Tesla to 0.5 Tesla. This model was compared to a DCGAN architecture. The CycleGAN model was able to generate the synthetic and reconstructed images with some success. The mapping function from domain A to domain B performed optimally with an average PSNR value of 30.02 dB and an MAE value of 589.73. The DCGAN model performed the best for the 3T DTI scans, however, the 1.5T model experience mode collapse. Future investigations could implement a model to classify the synthetic images.
Assessing the Potential Impacts of Untreated Greywater Irrigation on Select Terrestrial Organisms: Brassica Rapa, Eisenia Andrei, Folsomia Candida
Authors: Garcia Christian
Published: June 2024

Due to the impacts of global climate change, sustainable use of water resources is critical. Greywater, which is wastewater from domestic sources (excluding toilet effluent), is reused worldwide to mitigate such pressures. Research has focused on greywater quality and its effects on soil properties. However, as there is a lack of information regarding the impact of greywater on the biota that inhabit soils, this study was conducted to assess the growth, behaviour, and reproduction of select terrestrial organisms (Brassica rapa, Eisenia andrei, Folsomia candida) when exposed to untreated and artificial greywater. Overall, untreated greywater was not detrimental to B. rapa seed germination numbers, although artificial greywater resulted in slower germination rates. For E. andrei, untreated greywater soils were preferentially selected in short-term avoidance experiments and more juveniles were produced in reproductive tests than the reference treatment. No significant differences were observed during the avoidance and reproduction bioassays for F. candida.
The Effects of Microplastics on Floc Formation, Nutrient Removal and Settleability in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Primerano Ricardo
Published: June 2024

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous anthropogenic pollutants and contaminants of concern that are being manufactured as plastic materials are relied upon in daily life, including packaging, cosmetics and other production sectors. One of the ways that MPs enter the environment is via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study attempts to shed light on the potential interactions of these pollutants with microorganisms and some of the processes they facilitate in WWTPs by finding the effects of polyethylene (PE) MPs on the growth of wastewater (WW) microorganisms, nutrient removal (with a focus on nitrogen compounds), settleability of total suspended solids (TSS), and on the immediate and short-term floc formation. The two highest concentrations of PE MPs enhanced growth over an approximately 3-day period. Then, the absorbance values decreased, possible due to the formation of biofilms causing a decrease in planktonic cells. The high concentrations of PE MPs are seen to slow growth compared to the lower concentrations of MPs. PE MPs had a positive effect on nitrite oxidation but little to no effect on nitrification as a whole. Over the short term (1 to 7 days), MPs had little to no effect on floc size. Beyond 7 days, PE MPs had a positive effect on floc size. TSS was higher in reactors amended with MPs (528.9 mg/L) in comparison to the TSS values in the control reactors (212.2 mg/L) without MPs. The results indicate that MPs serve as nuclei for floc formation.
Land Value Capture and Climate Change: An Assessment Framework
Authors: Kumar Parvesh
Published: June 2024

The built environment of a city is the result of cumulative land-use decisions and investments. Most of the research on Land Value Capture (LVC) is focused on site-specific mitigation. This study proposes a five Es approach to analyse LVC-supported climate change financing through engineering, education, encouragement, enforcement, and evaluation. This approach aligns with Canada's 2030 Agenda National Strategy and climate action plans. The framework is tested on a pilot case - the City of Ottawa. The assessment shows Ottawa needs to prioritise enforcement and evaluation aspects of climate financing. This study recommends a special budgetary provision to support climate-friendly projects municipally, linking existing and proposed climate projects and program funding to LVC sources of funds provincially and encouraging funding capacity building to create climate change awareness federally. A national policy document, evaluation framework and urban reform agenda are recommended for an enabling policy environment for LVC to support climate projects.
Rentez: A Simplified Rental App Experience Designed to Promote Transparency and Verification
Authors: Biswas Abhiroop
Published: June 2024

Each year many international students arrive in Canada with dreams of outstanding academic and professional careers but are met with a sad reality: the time-consuming and inconvenient process of finding suitable accommodation. There are currently a large number of unverified rental posts on platforms such as Facebook Marketplace and Kijiji, where renters are frequently confused by listings that lack adequate information/details or are outright fraudulent. This project aims to design an optimized rental app that will allow renters to find legitimate sources of rental properties. Most importantly, it will ensure communication between the renter and the listing/ad owner. This Major Research Project will investigate the ways in which user experience design might be utilized to address the issues that users face in the real world. This incorporates both research and analytical work. Additionally, wireframing and prototyping, as well as other types of design thinking, were investigated throughout the course of this paper. Methods pertaining to the user experience and the user interface were implemented in this project to create an interactive and seamless experience.
Polynomial Interpretation Logic on ω-Categorical Structures
Authors: Restrepo Cunha Carlos
Published: June 2024

In the search of a way to describe all polynomial-time decision algorithms, there have been many iterations of logical systems. One of the best candidates, Choiceless Polynomial Time (CPT), has been shown to have equivalent expressive power to a less complex Polynomial Interpretation Logic (PIL). The new methodology in PIL is more suitable for constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), a set of decision problems of interest to many research areas. In this thesis we demonstrate the connection between the run of a PIL program on a structure eq A and A . This connection yields a formula in the original language of the structure equivalent to the output of the program. Under the condition that the structure is a model-complete core, we eq find PIL programs to be polynomial-time equivalent to a CSP. We also show some properties of A which further suggest the usefulness of CSPs in formulating and constructing algorithms for more general decision problems on special classes of infinite structures. We end by showing we can use PIL programs to express the solvability of Cyclic Equation Systems over different domains.
Statistical Consistency for Risk Measures With the Lebesgue Property
Authors: Mazumder Saumitra
Published: June 2024

When estimating the risk ρ(X) of a random variable X from historical data or Monte Carlo simulation, the asymptotic behaviour of the plug in estimator ρbn is of utmost importance. In their celebrated article [19], the Kra ̈atschmer et al. showed that any finite-valued law-invariant convex risk measure ρ defined on an Orlicz heart HΦ is statistically consistent. That is, the plug-in estimator ρbn converges in the almost sure sense to ρ(X). This result is very general, yet it does not cover the case where ρ is non-convex nor the case where ρ is defined on the entire Orlicz space L Φ. The aim of this thesis is to fill this gap. In particular, we prove that any law-invariant risk measure with the Lebesgue property is statistically consistent on the entire Orlicz space. The Lebesgue property is a continuity condition that is automatically satisfied by all convex and finite-valued risk measures on Orlicz hearts. Thus our result can be viewed as a generalization of Theorem 2.6 in [19].
Option Pricing Under the GARCH Framework
Authors: Ou Raymond
Published: June 2024

In this work, we investigated ways to price options under a heteroskedastic framework in the form of GARCH models. We examined three different GARCH specifications (the standard GARCH, exponential GARCH, and nonlinear asymmetric GARCH) with two different (normal and generalised hyperbolic) conditional distributions. In order to obtain a risk-neutral measure for our GARCH models, we used the Esscher transform and the mean-correcting martingale measure. While the risk-neutral measures derived from these methods agree for the normal case, they differ in the generalised hyperbolic GARCH models. We also investigated two variance reduction techniques in control variates and empirical martingale simulation in order to improve the efficiency of our Monte Carlo simulations that are needed to price the options under the GARCH framework. The results demonstrate the improvement in option pricing performance when we use GARCH specifications with non-Gaussian conditional distributions that can better model the behaviour of the underlying asset.
Solving Binary Integer Programing Problems With Balas' Additive Algorithm Using Graphics Processing Units
Authors: Glover Joseph Ryan
Published: June 2024

This thesis seeks to determine if Balas' additive algorithm for solving Binary Integer Programming (BIP) problems benefits from parallel processing. It establishes serial implementations of a subproblem form and bookkeeping form of Balas' algorithm that introduce new branching rules, memory compaction schemes, fathoming rules and a record keeping method. Parallel implementations of the subproblem and bookkeeping algorithms are developed that use Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) as the parallel platform. The parallel work proceeds in three stages. The first stage involves the parallelization of subproblems with batches of nodes from a branch-and-bound tree being solved simultaneously on a GPU. The second stage involves the parallel exploration of many subtrees from a single branch-and-bound tree using a bookkeeping scheme and a work stealing technique. The third stage involves deploying the subproblem and bookkeeping approaches in a multi-GPU environment to study how the techniques scale with additional hardware resources. The serial Balas' work revealed that ordering BIP variables by their coefficient values delivers benefits in the form of accelerated branching, memory compaction and efficient record keeping. The parallel subproblem form of Balas' was the best performing parallel algorithm and delivered speedups of up to 1670x through the application of the serial innovations and GPU techniques such as memory coalescing and streaming. Despite these performance gains the subproblem form is limited by memory issues on the CPU that prevent the algorithm from solving very large problems. The parallel bookkeeping form of Balas' demonstrated speedups up to 217x thanks to a work stealing technique that balances work load across parallel processors. However, the bookkeeping algorithm suffers from code divergence on the GPU that degrades its parallel performance. In the multi-GPU environment, the performance of the subproblem algorithm scales with additional resources while the bookkeeping form’s performance improves only marginally. Despite its memory issues, the parallel subproblem form of Balas’ delivers orders-of-magnitude improvements in execution times compared to its serial analogue and is the dominant technique in this thesis.
Field-scale Experimental Analysis of Helical Steel Piles as in- Ground Heat Exchangers for Ground Source Heat Pumps
Authors: Hatefraad Pedram
Published: June 2024

This thesis investigates the performance of Helical Steel Piles (HSPs) as in-ground heat exchangers for Ground-Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems. Eight HSPs with integrated plastic tubing for fluid circulation were installed at the Eby Rush Transformer Station in Waterloo, Ontario. The CFD model simulations needed for the design of the experimental site as well as the installation process is detailed in Chapter 2. The control strategy and the tests required to assess the performance of the system are presented in the same chapter. Chapter 3 presents the CFD model modifications, optimization, and validation based on the harvested data from the experimental site. The capacity, coefficient of performance (COP), and power consumption of this novel system were investigated through conducting heating and cooling tests. The results indicate the feasibility of using HSPs as in-ground heat exchangers to provide sustainable thermal energy.
AI-based Approaches to Automating the Bug Triage Process in Open-source Issue Tracking Systems
Authors: Jahanshai Hadi
Published: June 2024

In software engineering practice, fixing bugs in a timely manner lowers various potential costs in software maintenance. However, manually determining the bug-fixing schedules can be time-consuming, cumbersome, and error-prone. Therefore, many researchers have investigated ways to automate the bug triage process. This dissertation seeks to further enhance the state-of-the-art on bug triage in multiple ways. We first introduce a new tool that enables us to thoroughly investigate the past bug assignment decisions in the issue tracking systems. This way, we may better understand how the ITS evolves and what factors contribute to the bug assignment decisions of the triagers. We particularly explore the bug dependency graph, textual information of the bugs, bug arrivals to the system, developers' experience and schedules, and priority and severity of the bugs. Moreover, our tool enables researchers to compare their approach with the actual bug triage practice and also traditional bug triage models. Secondly, we design an integer programming model that determines bug assignment to the developers by incorporating multiple aspects of the bug triage problem. Specifically, we enhance existing bug triage models in the literature by simultaneously considering developers' schedules, bug dependencies, bug fixing time, suitability of the developers, developers' capacity to solve multiple bugs, and the exact date of assignment. Our approach leverages natural language processing, machine learning, and integer programming to achieve a comprehensive semi-automated solution. Lastly, we extend our analysis for automated bug triage by incorporating uncertainty into the model formulation. We propose a novel method based on approximate dynamic programming (ADP) to formulate the uncertainty in the bug arrival time and developers' schedules in the system. Our numerical study shows that our ADP-based approach improves the myopic integer programming-based solution by estimating the downstream cost of the assignments. Furthermore, as the ADP learns the underlying uncertainty associated with bugs and developers, it can be considered the first online solution for bug triage in the literature.
Controlled Depth Micro-Milling of 304 Stainless Steel Rods Using Abrasive Slurry Jet Machining to Create Curvilinear Micro Channels
Authors: Schumacher Karl
Published: June 2024

Using a microfluidic device called Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) to sort particles based on size and density forms the basis for a filterless filter. However, fabricating these micro-sized curved channels is challenging because stereolithographic processes and PDMS molding techniques limit the creation of curvilinear channels in a two-dimensional plane that must either converge or diverge. This limits the length of the channel for a given range of radius of curvature. This research uses a novel method to machine curvilinear channels directly onto a 5 mm 304SS rod, establishing a foundation to produce a Lab-on-a-Rod (LOR) and eliminating the need for contact masks. It maintains a constant radius of curvature and allows for a channel length limited only by the 250 mm length of the rod. An apparatus was designed to machine curvilinear channels using Abrasive Slurry Jet Machining (ASJM) and a modified lathe mechanism capable of withstanding the rigors of the harsh ASJM environment and ensuring repeatability from experiment to experiment. The resulting design, named the Abrasive Slurry Jet Machining Lathe Apparatus (ASJMLA), was used in three experiments: repeated machining passes with no angle of attack (α = 90°), repeated passes using α = 60° and α = 75°, and varying the number of machining passes along a continuous channel to create discrete depths using α = 90°. The research demonstrated that machining microchannels onto a rod is feasible. It showed that the depth of the channel correlates directly with the number of repeated passes, an increase in the angle of attack produces deeper channels on average, and it is possible to produce channels with six discrete depths within a continuous length of channel. This forms the basis for fractionating microfluidic flows to collect discrete samples.