bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Next-generation Electron Sources
Authors: Krüger M. , Hommelhoff P.
Published: December 2023

Electron sources play a crucial role in electron microscopes, particle accelerators and novel light sources. In most cases, the electron source parameters determine the downstream parameters because it is non-trivial to compress or cool electron pulses. For many applications requiring transversely coherent electrons, needle tips have been the preferred electron source for decades, well-known in high-resolution electron microscopy. Recently, these sources have found significant interest in ultrafast applications, where electron pulses are emitted through the illumination of a needle tip with femtosecond laser pulses. We will give an overview of recent developments in ultrafast needle tip-based electron sources. In addition, we will show how the interaction of laser pulses with electron pulses downstream of the source element can help to shape electron beams with highly intriguing properties, such as attosecond pulses, high-energy beams or electron pulses with small energy widths. The most promising approach to accelerate and shape the electron pulses is based on near-field techniques, which, depending on the parameter range, can either be classified as dielectric laser acceleration or photon-induced near-field electron microscopy physics. Finally, we will provide details of the state-of-the-art in two-photon or ponderomotive schemes for temporal electron pulse shaping, before concluding this chapter with a brief review of applications and future outlook.
The Application of Mass Spectrometry to Explosive Casework: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Cabot B. , Parrott R. , Brochu M. , Goh H. W. , Fang G.
Published: December 2023

Mass spectrometry is an essential technique employed in forensic investigations to identity trace explosive materials and is increasingly relied upon to analyse larger samples for the provision of forensic intelligence. Only in an operational setting are forensic intelligence efforts truly realised, and it is through this lens that readers and researchers must focus their efforts. This chapter outlines current and emerging techniques used in operational forensic laboratories in Australia, Canada, Singapore and the U.S., providing case studies as exemplars. Importantly, the challenges and limitations of such work are discussed, as well as the opportunities moving forward.
The Application of Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry to Forensic Casework
Authors: Jones K. , Meikle J.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the use of isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and isotopic abundances in their application to forensic science and forensic intelligence. Key considerations for developing models and databases for this purpose are discussed, and key thematic examples are used to show the diversity, depth and impact that these types of highly discriminating measurements can have. The chapter ends with a number of case examples, which further support the impact of the use of IRMS in the realm of forensic intelligence.
Mass Spectrometry Methods for Securing Road Traffic Drugs and Casework Toxicology Convictions
Authors: Parkin M. C. , Grosse S. C.
Published: December 2023

This chapter describes the development and application of mass spectrometry methodologies used for obtaining evidence in forensic toxicology casework. It covers the evolution of methods from simple colour spot tests to the mass spectrometry approaches used today. The application of mass spectrometry to both road traffic drugs and casework toxicology is discussed in order to provide both context and insight into how evidence is attained in this area of forensic science and how the technique may evolve in the future to meet the demands of the criminal justice system.
Emerging Technologies: Use of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Forensic Evidence
Authors: Costa Catia D. S. , Bailey Melanie J.
Published: December 2023

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique that can be used to provide high resolution images of elements and molecules in 3D, and it has been widely used for material characterisation, particularly of inorganic materials. Recent developments in SIMS instrumentation are now enabling the analysis of organic materials, and there is, therefore, considerable scope for exploitation in forensic science. In this chapter, we describe the principles of operation of SIMS and outline the progress that has been made towards its application in forensic science.
Transferable Mass Spectrometry Methods – Sustainable Forensic Intelligence: Mass Spectrometry-based Methods for Monitoring Fentanyl-related Substances in Wastewater-based Epidemiology
Authors: Barron Leon P. , Grant Derryn , Marczylo Tim , Gant Timothy W.
Published: December 2023

An overview of the latest technological advancements and knowledge in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for monitoring illicit drug usage, using mass spectrometry-based analytical methods, is critically discussed with a particular focus on fentanyl-related substances. The higher potency of many such substances in comparison to other opioids, and thus the amount used, has posed significant challenges to their detection and reliable monitoring in wastewater matrices at the low nanogram per litre concentration level. Sample preparation approaches for multi-analyte qualitative screening and quantitative monitoring are discussed, with a particular emphasis on scalability for large national and international surveillance programmes. Following analytical measurement, this chapter also overviews the back-calculation process to determine community wastewater loadings and consumption, as well as some of the key constraints and limitations of the WBE methodology, especially regarding interpretation and ethics. Finally, examples of key WBE studies are discussed for fentanyl-related substances globally and in context with other opioids and illicit drugs. The use of WBE to measure the consumption of such substances represents a useful new and sustainable way to gather intelligence to guide interventions and actions to protect public health.
Introduction of the year 2022
Authors: Steen J. D. , van der Wal J. J. , Benazzi V. , Crespi S. , Protti S.
Published: December 2023

In the introduction chapter we introduce the volume and its three sections, namely critical reviews, highlights on recent “hot” topics and SPR lectures in photochemistry. Furthermore, the manuscript includes the most significant editorial releases in photochemistry in 2022, by presenting awards, handbooks, special issues and reviews.
Of corpses, light and electricity
Authors: Albini Angelo
Published: December 2023

What is the essential requirement for the existence of living beings? In the early 19th century, this question was approached in two different ways. The first approach proposed that electricity was responsible for movement in animals, a theory known as animal electricity or Galvani’s theory. However, Volta presented a more materialistic perspective, stating that an electric circuit did not rely on the presence of an animal muscle to function (embodied in Volta’s pile, 1800). The second approach suggested that animal tissues possessed a component beyond their measurable chemical composition, necessary for movement, though not detectable by any analytical method. This theory, known as vitalism or the phlogiston theory, proposed that there was a vital force at play. Later, Friedrich Wöhler demonstrated that the organic materials synthesized in the body were identical to those created in the laboratory, without the involvement of any animal tissue (e.g., the artificial synthesis of urea in 1828). Scientific progress rarely occurs abruptly; more often, it intertwines with the demands of civil society. An illustrative example is the significant development of studies in electricity, physics, and chemistry during the early decades of the 19th century, an era in which the drive towards a clear and measured understanding of science was very strong. This wave of interest can also be attributed, to some extent, to the spectacular demonstrations of new discoveries, which fueled human desire to challenge the divine and assume the role of the creator.
Light induced reactions in cryogenic matrices (highlights 2021–2022)
Authors: Fausto Rui , Nikitin Timur , Nogueira Bernardo A.
Published: December 2023

This chapter surveys research on light induced reactions of organic molecules investigated in cryogenic matrices that has been reported during 2021 and 2022. It highlights studies dealing with conformational changes, tautomerizations and other structural isomerizations induced either by ultraviolet/visible or infrared light, as well as photofragmentation reactions. Emphasis is given to reactive intermediates, including nitrenes, carbenes and radicals. The studies featured in the present review are examples of recent applications of the matrix isolation method, coupled with spectroscopic probing, to these areas of investigation.
Visible-light mediated strategies for the synthesis of nitrogen-based heterocycles
Authors: Oddy M. J. , Petersen W. F.
Published: December 2023

Nitrogen-containing molecules are essential to human-life. Their utility spans a range of industries, but its profound significance to the pharmaceutical and chemical biology arenas has ensured the continuous development of modern, sustainable, and more efficient chemical synthesis methods. In this regard, visible-light mediated synthesis has become an indispensable technology. In this review we highlight the key photocatalysis strategies that have enabled the construction of important 4-, 5- and 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles. We hope that this review will serve both a reflective purpose: to pay homage to the powerful nature of photochemical synthesis and its pioneers that have led us this far; and an inspirational purpose: igniting thoughts and visions that lead toward new doors of unchartered activation modes.
Illuminating the future: a review of ruthenium-based agents for dual action photochemotherapy and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Denison Madeline , Turro Claudia , Kodanko Jeremy J.
Published: December 2023

Platnium-based chemotherapeutics are now being used to treat ∼50% of human cancers, leading to the investigation of other metal-based chemotherapeutics, including ruthenium. Due to their rich photophysical and biological properties, Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes have been developed as potential photoactivated chemotherapeutics. TLD-1433 is a Ru(ii)-based photosensitizer that utlizes photodynamic therapy (PDT) currently in phase II human clinical trials for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. PDT involves irradiation of a photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative damage to induce cancer cell death. Another photoactivated strategy is photoactivated chemotherapy (PCT), which involves a biologically inert photocage that releases labile ligands or biologically active compounds upon irradiation. Both strategies are advantageous and offer spatiotemporal control of oxidative damage or the photorelease of a therapeutic compound. Since the development of the first dual-action PDT/PCT agent by the Turro group, improved compounds of this class of agents were designed with increased molar absorptivity and longer wavelength absorption maxima, and to target enzymes upregulated in disease states as discussed in this review.
Introduction to Low-carbon Supercapacitors: New Prospects
Authors: Sharma Swati , Chand Prakash , Khokhar Shiwani
Published: December 2023

The present chapter reports new prospects for low-carbon supercapacitors as electrode materials in energy storage applications. Among various supercapacitor electrode materials, low-carbon supercapacitors are an excellent aspirant for energy storage applications due to their exceptional qualities, including high energy and power densities, astonishing crystallinity, large porosity, prolonged life-cycle, exceptional chemical and thermal stability, high specific surface area (SSA), and framework diversity. The chapter also addresses how choosing the right separator, current collector, electrode, and electrolyte materials are crucial to the overall performance of the supercapacitor applications. Combining pseudocapacitive materials with electric double-layer supercapacitive (that is, carbon-based) materials is one of the best strategies to boost the supercapacitor’s energy density, while retaining its power density and cyclic stability. The world’s energy dilemma will soon be resolved, thanks in part to the financial viability of the ensuing energy conversion/storage systems. This chapter focuses on low-carbon supercapacitor applications as the need for low-carbon and sustainable energy sources is growing as a result of the ongoing global crisis. The chapter also examines the problems that are now plaguing the development of efficient energy storage devices as well as prospective future developments.
New Materials for Low-carbon Supercapacitors: Latest Developments and Perspectives
Authors: Madani Sara , Falamaki Cavus
Published: December 2023

We present the state-of-the-art regarding the materials used in the construction of low-carbon supercapacitors. Electrode, electrolyte, binder, separator, and current collector constructing elements of supercapacitors are separately considered and the latest progress in using low-carbon materials is reviewed. In general, the trend of using green constructing materials has overshadowed this study, and in some cases, the life cycle of the substances is also taken into consideration. In perspective, aiming at low-carbon supercapacitors may force the producers to a trade-off between high performance and impact on the environment.
Bioactive and Biodegradable Supercapacitors: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Authors: George Nithya S. , Nayana D. A. , Jose Lolly Maria , Sreehari S. , Nandakumar S. , Manoj P. K. , Aravind Arun
Published: December 2023

The development of biocompatible and biodegradable supercapacitors for energy storage is crucial. Rapid progress in the field of hybrid, flexible, and wearable device applications is ushering in this era of smart technologies. The development of devices that function according to industry requirements in a biological context is difficult. Current energy storage systems lack flexibility, and are made using toxic electrolytes and harsh reaction conditions. Researchers are currently working on a novel project that uses biopolymers, conducting polymers, and only electrode materials derived from wood to create fully organic devices that are environmentally friendly. There are many reports on biodegradable supercapacitors that are sustainable and are promising to replace the current conventional technologies including batteries that are made up of toxic and corrosive materials. Herein, the chapter describes the application of biodegradable electrode materials in energy storage device fabrication. The work focuses on recent research progress in this field along with major challenges and future perspectives.
Biomass-derived Highly Porous Carbon for High-rate Supercapacitors: Advances and Limitations
Authors: Aarthi J. , Selvaraju K. , Gowri S. , Kirubavathi K. , Ramadoss Ananthakumar
Published: December 2023

Energy depletion and environmental degradation have prompted researchers to investigate novel and green energy conversion and storage technologies in recent decades. In this context, carbonaceous materials developed from biomass are identified as one of the most intriguing electrodes for high-rate energy storage materials owing to their prevalent resources, cost effectiveness, sustainability, and ecologically benign characteristics. The chapter provides a thorough assessment of current advances in the growth of biomass derived porous carbon-based electrode materials using agricultural and animal waste with an emphasis on their electrochemical performance capability for high performance supercapacitor applications. Several synthesis processes for biomass waste conversion and activation have been explored. We discuss the research gaps that would need future study to produce innovative high-rate supercapacitor electrode materials from biomass derived porous carbon.
Nature-inspired Green Supercapacitors: Advantages and Limitations
Authors: Kaya D. , Uralcan B.
Published: December 2023

Supercapacitors are energy storage devices with a long cycle life that can harvest and deliver energy at high power density. This makes them attractive for a broad range of high-power applications including wearable and portable electronics. Lightweight and flexible supercapacitors can provide fast charge–discharge kinetics, stretchability, and mechanical flexibility with long cycle lives. Nevertheless, conventional materials used in supercapacitors typically fall short in flexible and stretchable device fabrication. This review summarizes the recent developments in novel supercapacitors inspired by the mechanical flexibility and energy storage performance of species that exist in nature. We first provide a brief introduction to the fundamentals of light-weight supercapacitors with high mechanical flexibility. Then, we discuss the recent developments in nature-inspired supercapacitor design, highlighting the main strategies that include synthesis of nature-inspired active electrode materials and replacement of rigid device components with their bioinspired soft and stretchable counterparts. Next, we provide a summary of nature-inspired strategies used for electrode fabrication and highlight nature-inspired self-healing supercapacitors. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and future outlook for designing nature-inspired supercapacitors.
Emerging Applications of Green Supercapacitors: A Critical Review
Authors: Joseph Anit , Kumar Sandeep , Thomas Tiju
Published: December 2023

Increasing energy demands and the substantial dependence on carbon-based fuels have motivated researchers to consider alternative and sustainable energy resources. The availability of renewable energy sources is not restricted, but there are certain limitations, such as efficiency, intermittency, and initial cost. These restrictions have motivated researchers to develop efficient and ecofriendly energy storage methods that can render the energy economy more robust. In the current scenario, highly effective energy storage devices like supercapacitors are needed. Utilizing electrode materials synthesized by green approaches is crucial to address the prevailing challenges. Many industries require green supercapacitors. The industrial segments are energy, electronics, aerospace, packaging, environmental protection, and biomedicine. Researchers have become interested in supercapacitors because they can be utilized in “situations where batteries are being overused” and also in situations wherein high-power density (>500 W kg−1) is required. Supercapacitors are a more energy-efficient option, although they have cost and performance drawbacks. Electrode materials selection that takes into account both electrical performances on the one hand and ‘sustainability performance’ on the other hand becomes important. This review will focus on greenness in terms of the green supercapacitor context. The development of the understanding and knowledge base required to bring about this greenness adoption in emerging applications is described in detail.
Illicit Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Analysis
Authors: Popovic A. , Roux C. , Morelato M.
Published: December 2023

Over the years, chemometrics has been increasingly proposed and used in the field of forensic science. This trend can be seen in the area of illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals. A variety of analyses (both qualitative and quantitative) are performed on illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals, leading to complex and often multi-dimensional datasets. The use of chemometrics, combined with the correct interpretation of the results, can provide additional information to aid decisions regarding crime disruption, prevention and reduction. Of particular interest in this chapter is the generation and analysis of drug profiles that often contain high-dimensional data that needs to be processed and interpreted in a systematic manner. Chemometrics can highlight patterns and trends in the data that relate to essential questions regarding classification and discrimination of specimens, for example classifying illicit drug seizures into chemical classes based on profile similarity or discriminating counterfeit pharmaceuticals from their authentic counterparts. This chapter provides a literature review of the most common chemometric methods used in drug profiling, with a particular focus on pattern recognition methods.
Cosmetics and Personal Hygiene Products
Authors: Burnier C. , Bruce K.
Published: December 2023

Cosmetic products and personal hygiene products include a wide range of products that may be recovered in forensic casework. Due to their use on humans, their production is extremely regulated, thus generating significant challenges for forensic scientists when it comes to the identification, discrimination and attribution of a source in a specific casework. Amongst the various chemometrics methods available, the one most used in this area of forensic science is principal component analysis (PCA), further coupled to discriminant analysis, usually linear (LDA). If these techniques are used for the discrimination of samples, they can also be used for other purposes, notably in the case of understanding key parameters such as background, transfer and persistence of residues. This chapter offers a wide overview of the main uses of chemometric techniques in the area of condoms, lubricants, personal hygiene products and cosmetics, more specifically decorative cosmetics.
Trace Evidence
Authors: Sauzier G. , Lewis S. W.
Published: December 2023

Chemometrics has been established as a highly informative tool for the analysis and interpretation of trace evidence, yet there are many areas in which its potential remains unexploited. This chapter will use existing literature to demonstrate how chemometric methods can be applied to the characterisation of trace evidence (with a particular focus on those derived from manufactured products), along with suggested areas for further advancement of the field.
Structure Seer – a machine learning model for chemical structure elucidation from node labelling of a molecular graph
Authors: Sapegin Denis Andzheevich , Bear Joseph C.
Published: December 2023

We introduce a graph convolution based machine-learning model which provides a quantitative probabilistic prediction on the atom connectivity based on the composition of the molecule along with a list of atom-attributed isotropic shielding constants.
Towards 26% efficiency in inverted perovskite solar cells via interfacial flipped band bending and suppressed deep-level traps
Authors: Zheng Yiting , Li Yaru , Zhuang Rongshan , Wu Xueyun , Tian Congcong , Sun Anxin , Chen Chen , Guo Yongsheng , Hua Yong , Meng Ke , Wu Kai , Chen Chun-Chao
Published: December 2023

Minimizing interfacial recombination loss in inverted perovskite solar cells is achieved by introducing piperazinium diiodide (PDI) as a surface modifier to passivate deep surface defects and adjust the interface band bending.
Emission inventory of PFASs and other fluorinated organic substances for the fluoropolymer production industry in Europe
Authors: Dalmijn Joost , Glüge Juliane , Scheringer Martin , Cousins Ian T.
Published: December 2023

This study assesses the environmental impact of the fluoropolymer industry in Europe by making an inventory of their emissions of PFASs and other fluorinated organic substances.
Highland barley β-glucan supplementation attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation in Western diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice by modulating gut microbiota
Authors: Liu Huicui , Nie Chenxi , Hu Xinzhong , Li Juxiu
Published: December 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide.
Effects of pectin's degree of methyl esterification on TLR2-mediated IL-8 secretion and tight junction gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells: influence of soluble TLR2
Authors: Gasaly Naschla , Tang Xin , Chen Xiaochen , Bellalta Sofía , Hermoso Marcela A. , de Vos Paul
Published: December 2023

Low DM-pectins have strong anti-inflammatory effects and prevents dysregulation of TJ-related genes. The effects of pectin are dependent on DM of the pectin, the magnitude of TLR2 expression and on circulating sTLR2 in blood.
Radical polymers in optoelectronic and spintronic applications
Authors: Yeo Hyunki , Debnath Suman , Krishnan Baiju P. , Boudouris Bryan W.
Published: December 2023

Radical polymers hold great potential as solid-state conducting materials due to their distinctive charge transport mechanism and intriguing optical and spintronic properties resulting from their singly occupied molecular orbital energy levels.
Recent advances in trifunctional electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries and water splitting
Authors: Han Xiaotong , Yu Xu , Park Ho Seok
Published: December 2023

The recent advances of trifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and their applications in Zn–air battery and water splitting, are comprehensively reviewed.
The electron density: a fidelity witness for quantum computation
Authors: Skogh Mårten , Dobrautz Werner , Lolur Phalgun , Warren Christopher , Biznárová Janka , Osman Amr , Tancredi Giovanna , Bylander Jonas , Rahm Martin
Published: December 2023

We propose that the electron density, obtained through experimental or computational means, can serve as a robust benchmark for validating the accuracy of quantum computation of chemistry.
N-Sulfonyl amidine polypeptides: new polymeric biomaterials with conformation transition responsive to tumor acidity
Authors: Xu Xiang , Ma Jinjuan , Wang Aiguo , Zheng Nan
Published: December 2023

The novel pH-responsive property of the N-sulfonyl amidine (SAi) structure was applied in the design of conformation–transition polypeptides as a “smart” drug-delivery system to achieve site-specific tumor penetration and drug release.
Effects of pore structures on a phenolic resin-derived self-supported electrode for highly efficient electroreduction of CO2 to syngas
Authors: Chen Haowen , Zhang Junwei , Wang Kang , Wang Xitao
Published: December 2023

The preparation of a porous self-supported carbon electrode by pressing and high temperature pyrolysis for the efficient electroreduction of CO2 to syngas.
Coumarin-based composite material for the latent fingerprint visualization and electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: B Manjunatha , Bodke Yadav D. , Mounesh  , Bhat Sachin Ashok
Published: December 2023

A newly synthesized redox-active organic molecule demonstrates superior electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide. Its dual functionality, combining electrochemical and fluorescent properties, showcases versatile applications, including a novel latent fingerprint visualization technique.
Precisely segmented PEEK–ionene + ionic liquid composite membranes for CO2 separation
Authors: Ravula Sudhir , Chen Ying , Wise Kevin W. , Shinde Pravin S. , Walter Eric D. , Karkamkar Abhi , Heldebrant David J. , Bara Jason E.
Published: December 2023

Precisely segmented PEEK–ionenes with aromatic and aliphatic linkages were synthesized. PEEK–ionene membranes can be formed with stoichiometric addition of ionic liquid (IL) which enhances the flexibility and gas transport properties.
Fast fabrication of μm-thick perovskite films by using a one-step doctor-blade coating method for direct X-ray detectors
Authors: Huang Kuo-Wei , Li Ming-Hsien , Chen Yen-Ting , Wen Zi-Xiang , Lin Chen-Fu , Chen Peter
Published: December 2023

The inclusion of a high-content crown ether in the perovskite precursor effectively increases the thickness of the doctor-bladed perovskite film and enhances the X-ray photoresponse of the direct X-ray detector.
Charge transfer-triggered reversible spin-state switching
Authors: Luo Yang-Hui , Xue Cheng , Zhang Shu-Xin , Zhao Jie , Jin Xue-Ting , Liu Min
Published: December 2023

Charge-transfer triggered reversible spin-state switching on ferrous complex aggregates, both in solution and in the sponge state with alternating laser on and off, has been achieved, providing new avenues for future molecular electronic devices.
Peripheral halogen atoms in multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters: the role of heavy atoms in intermolecular interactions and spin orbit coupling
Authors: Miranda-Salinas Hector , Wang Jingxiang , Danos Andrew , Matulaitis Tomas , Stavrou Kleitos , Monkman Andrew P. , Zysman-Colman Eli
Published: December 2023

Peripheral heavy atoms improve the efficiency of multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) OLEDs.
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Improves Memory and Action Naming in Patients With Post–COVID-19 Syndrome
Authors: Herrera Elena , Blanco Claudia , Álvarez-Mundiñano Belén , González-Nosti María
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

Post–COVID-19 syndrome (PCS-19) is a condition characterized by both physical and cognitive alterations in patients who have overcome COVID-19. Despite the high incidence of this disorder and the inconveniences it produces to those affected, there are few studies investigating the efficacy of cognitive stimulation in these patients. The aim of this study was to compare two groups of patients with PCS-19. One of them was treated with neuropsychological intervention for 6 months, whereas the other did not receive treatment. Both groups shared similar clinical characteristics and cognitive profiles.

Method:

The study included 15 participants. Eight (seven women and one man, with a mean age of 50.13 years) made up the experimental group and received neuropsychological rehabilitation sessions once a week with the aim of recovering or compensating for their impaired functions. The control group consisted of seven patients (six women and one man, with a mean age of 52.86 years) who did not undergo neuropsychological rehabilitation sessions. The neuropsychological assessment protocol included tests for all cognitive domains.

Results:

In comparison with the assessment prior to the neuropsychological intervention, significant differences were found in the experimental group both in verbal memory and in the action naming task. As for the control group, improvements in action fluency performance were observed. Neither group showed significant improvement in pre- versus posttest Stroop scores. However, the control group did perform higher than the treatment group in the final assessment.

Conclusion:

Despite the small sample size, our results suggest that patients with PCS-19 may benefit from neuropsychological rehabilitation, as it may help them to improve several cognitive functions that do not recover spontaneously.
Parents' Perspectives of Augmentative and Alternative Communication: From Assessment to Implementation
Authors: Andzik Natalie R. , LaRouech Alicia M. , Gladfelter Allison L.
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

Parents are known to be effective communication partners in their children's augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention. This study aimed to better understand the parent perspective in the AAC acquisition, implementation, and handing processes across various primary disability labels and ages.

Method:

Twenty-two parents of children who use AAC engaged in phone interviews to discuss their family's experiences with AAC obtainment and intervention. A thematic analysis of the interview data was conducted.

Results:

The following five themes emerged: assessment procedures, early recommendations for AAC, external variables that influence device access, supports and barriers parents face when navigating AAC use with their child, and what participants would do differently. Further subthemes were also established to categorize parent responses.

Conclusions:

Findings support the inclusion of family-centered care for children with complex communication needs who use AAC. Parent responses indicate a greater need for interprofessional communication between children's team members and their family to provide comprehensive support. Parents also emphasized a desire to introduce AAC earlier into their family.
Characterizing Gelatin-Based Desserts Using International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative Testing Methods
Authors: Larsen Deirdre , Vansant Mathew , Eisenhardt Meghan
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

Gelatin-based desserts are a popular method to promote liquid consumption for individuals with dysphagia. Unique characteristics of these desserts in the United States pose a challenge for appropriate presentation to patients in relation to their clinically approved International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) level. The purpose of this study was to determine the constancy of IDDSI level and transitional food status for 16 nationally available gelatin-based desserts based on preparation (premade and ready-to-make) and formulation (regular and sugar-free).

Method:

Three semiblinded raters used IDDSI testing methods to assign an IDDSI level and transitional food rating immediately, 15 min, and 60 min after removing from the refrigerator.

Results:

The majority (89.6%) of the samples were rated as Level 7 Easy to Chew, across all time intervals, with good interrater agreement (Mann–Whitney
U
Test, immediately
U
= 101.0,
p
= .934; 15 min
U
= 101.0,
p
= .934; 60 min
U
= 94.5,
p
= .711). Approximately a quarter of samples were categorized as a transitional food, though 4% could not be categorized using current IDDSI characteristics.

Conclusions:

Overall, this study presents that the current characteristics and physiological rationale may overestimate the skills required for gelatin-based desserts and inappropriately classify them as nontransitional foods. As with all products, individual gelatin-based desserts should be tested at the time of presentation to the patient. However, clinical evaluation should further determine the appropriateness of the dessert for each patient.
Growth and yield of soybean varieties with biochar application
Authors: Sakya Amalia Tetrani , Rahayu Muji , Samanhudi  , Handoyo Gani Cahyo , Putra Muhammad Dio Nugroho Anindra
Published: December 2023

Climate change cause a temperature increase, decreasing soil fertility and causing a reduced microbial and nutrient availability, and increased salinization, so it cannot support the growth of soybean plants. Soybeans are vulnerable to climate change, which can lead to lower yields. Biochar is an organic material that can improve soil's physical, chemical, and biological fertility. This study aims to obtain soybean varieties and biochar types that increase growth and yield in low soil fertility cultivation. This research was conducted in August 2022 – June 2023 at the Agricultural Faculty Experimental Field of Universitas Sebelas Maret. The research was designed in randomized complete block design factorial with three replications. The first factor was soybean varieties, and the second factor was types of biochar. Data analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by DMRT 5% if there was a significant difference. The results showed that Demas 1 variety significantly affects growth and yield with biochar addition compared to Dena 1 and Gepak Kuning. The addition of rice husk biochar can increase the growth and yield of 3 soybean varieties, compared to the addition of sugar palm fiber biochar and without the addition of biochar.
Usability analysis of environmental disaster mitigation efforts in Lampung Province: case study ofJaring Bencanaapplication
Authors: Hutagalung Simon Sumanjoyo , Indrajat Himawan
Published: December 2023

Disaster management requires a variety of innovations to intervene or prevent the adverse effects of the disaster, including through various applications made for various purposes and uses. One of the applications is theJaring Bencana, to strengthen the mitigation aspects of natural and non-natural disasters, including environmental disasters. This study aims to examine the levelof usabilityin disaster applications by measuring the variables of effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction. The method used in this study isusability testingwith techniqueperformance measurementsandretrospective think-aloud. Respondents in this study 30 individuals as test participants, were selected purposively based on criteria of interest and responsibility in disaster management. Results from testingusabilityshow that mark component effectiveness is significant at 89%, mark efficiency component of 0.24goals/second, and satisfaction score of 68. It can be concluded that theJaring Bencanaapplication has been functionally effective and efficient, although it must be optimized to achieve maximum user satisfaction. The results of this research have implications for the development of disaster applications that are in accordance with disaster needs.
Optimal Controller Design for Wind Turbine using Sliding Sector and Genetic Algorithms
Authors: El Fadili Yattou , Berrada Youssef , Boumhidi Ismail
Published: December 2023

This present work presents a major contribution to the field of wind turbine control which is the more challenging context that this paper is focused. This manuscript gives a novel design of a high-performance controller using the sliding sector law optimized by genetic algorithms. This developed design gives an improvement in the robustness of wind energy systems compared to the traditional law known as sliding mode control (SMC). The proposed design is based on the idea of extending the SMC by transforming the sliding surface into a sliding sector. Genetic algorithms are used to optimize the switching gain in its control structure in real-time. The benefits of this design under fast and random wind speed variations are utility for non-linear systems, achieving maximum power tracking, ensuring robust stability, eliminating the chattering problem, and faster response time. The strengths of this design are proved by simulation results of the main parameters of the two-mass model of wind turbines using Matlab software.
Maize Disease Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Mwaza Eric , Khakata Esther , Kofi Isaac
Published: December 2023

The necessity for accurate and early identification of crop diseases is one of the primary difficulties facing the agricultural industries. Diseases have an impact on crop quality and have the potential to destroy hectares of crop yield, resulting in significant losses for farmers. Current diagnostic approaches are time intensive and necessitate the presence of highly skilled professionals to study the damaged plants, comprehend the symptoms, identify the disease, and offer appropriate treatments. Maize diseases can cause a significant reduction in both the quality and quantity of agricultural products. Visual inspection is the main approach adopted in practice for the detection and identification of maize diseases. However, this necessitates continuous oversight by experts, which can result in substantial expenses. The limitations of such techniques have created the need to look for alternative techniques which can detect and classify diseases at an early stage. In this study, models were trained using an open-source library of around 5000 pictures, including healthy plant samples. The convolutional neural network (CNN) outperformed the other established models, obtaining an amazing total accuracy of 97%. This achievement satisfies the need for a reliable and effective categorization model. Furthermore, these findings were then turned into a complete maize disease identification mobile application that is ready for real-world deployment. This application has the potential to provide the agricultural community with the means to promptly diagnose and address issues, reducing the reliance on professional expertise.
Modeling and analysis of laminate structures of a pressurized hydrogen tank
Authors: Kheir Anass , Mounir Hamid , Lafdaili Zakaria , Rajad Omar , Lagrat Ismail
Published: December 2023

Hydrogen storage involves technology development and it is one of the principal fields of improvement to enhance the use of hydrogen energy. The major problems to solve is the adequate materiel chose and the temperature control under high storage pressure. In this work, we are going to present the effects of geometry and inconstant mass flow rate on the pressure ant temperatures within a pressurized hydrogen cylinder during refueling, three laminate composite materials are used and investigate for hydrogen storage tank. The simulations are conducted using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool. The results show that, adding the carbon fiber laminate increases the hydrogen storage pressure. Also, the model shows that the temperature is maintained at a common level but with different distributions.
Dynamic properties of decane/water microemulsions decorated with hydrophobically modified PEO Polymer (PEO-C12): A molecular dynamics simulations study
Authors: Elhajjam Redouane , Ahfir Rachid , Arbia Ayoub , Talha Lamiae , Filali Mohammed
Published: December 2023

This work aims to probe the dynamics of Microemulsions/PEO complexes by using Molecular dynamics simulations (MD). The studied system is a highly diluted O/W charged MEs (Φ = 2.8%), covered by significant amounts of PEO polymer chains, with a short sticky block PEO-C12 (Np = 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 32). The employed effective pair potential is a combination of a hard sphere, the van der Waals and a Yukawa type potential. I order to shed light on the dynamic properties of this system, we analyzed the mean-squared displacement (MSD), the diffusion coefficients (Dc) and the velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) as a number Np of added PEO-C12; Increasing the polymer concentration Np slows down the diffusion of the system.
Investigating Geochemical Patterns of Major and Trace El-ements in Granitic Rocks of the Oulmes Region, Central Morocco: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)
Authors: El Basraoui Soufya , Bounouira Hamid , Ziad Nadia , Sadikki Mohammed , Amsil Hamid , Didi Abdessamad , Aarab Iliasse , Badague Abdelwahab
Published: December 2023

In this study, we used the instrumental neutron activation analysis technique (INAA) for analysis of granite samples from four locations in Oulmes region of central Morocco. In order to investigate the geochemical behavior of both major and trace elements in granite rocks from study area. The four samples almost accurately reflect the geochemical variety and heterogeneity of the formations were taken from distinct outcrops. The aim of study was to characterize the mineralization patterns of granitic rocks, their sources and basic composition. The results highlight the importance of nuclear techniques in geochemical investigations and provide some insights into the geochemical processes that shaped these rocks.
Comparative Study of Photonic Defective Comb-Like Structure by the Green Function and the Transfer Matrix Method
Authors: Touiss Tarik , Machichi Siham , Errouas Younes , El Kadmiri Ilyass , Falyouni Farid , Bria Driss
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we investigate the propagation of electromagnetic waves in periodic comblike waveguides structure made of dangling side branches (resonators) and finite waveguides. We introduce two defective resonators inserted in two different sites inside the perfect periodic system. This kind of system has been studied theoretically using Green’s function method (GFM), the main objective of this work is to make a comparative study between the results found in the literature and the results found by the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) for the first time in such photonic defective comb-like system. Noted that the calculations made by the transfer matrix method (based on Maxwell’s equation and the continuity conditions) are simpler compared to the calculations when applying the Green function method. The results founding in this paper either at the level of the transmission and reflection rates are in agreement with the results found by the Green function method, which gives an idea of the effectiveness of this simple method and their agreement with the experience.
Modeling of a LiBr-H2O absorption air conditioner system driven by a solar flat plate collector
Authors: Bouzyan Lahcen , Toublanc Cyril , Ousegui Abdellah
Published: December 2023

In regions with hot and mixed climates, the principal energy users in buildings are the systems that provide cooling and air-conditioning. Buildings consume more energy as a result of their reliance on traditional electrically powered systems. Solar energy has emerged as an important alternative for many uses, including cooling and air-conditioning. In this paper, to simulate a solar-assisted single-stage LiBr-H2O absorption air conditioner system, a mathematical model is presented. The model may simulate either the static or the quasi-static state of the system. The model is constructed using mass and energy balances that are applied to the various components found on the inside of the machine. The experimental data that were acquired for one of the other works in the body of literature are used to validate the model that was developed. In this study, the quantity of energy given by a flat plate solar collector to cool the air in a room in Meknès city on a typical summer day is compared to the cooling load imposed by a cooling fan in the same room. The simulation shows that a flat plate solar collector to power our system can only be used effectively under specific solar irradiance conditions.
A bibliometric review: Exploring the intersection of the Internet of things and open innovation
Authors: Ibrahimi Ghita , Merioumi Wijdane , Benchekroun Bouchra
Published: December 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) has dominated the technological environment recently. It is shaping how organizations interact, collaborate, and share knowledge. Its ability to connect everything creates endless opportunities for open innovation (OI) and vice versa. This paper aims to provide a bibliometric review to assess the research status quo and emerging trends on the role of IoT in open innovation. Our findings highlight the evolution of research on IoT and OI over time, the most influential authors and countries in this field, and the topmost journals and conferences in which IOT and OI researchers published their work. We also used Vosviewer to map keywords co-occurrence, which led to identifying six distinct related clusters. Finally, we identified limitations and future research avenues that may enable academics and practitioners to embrace the potential of IoT in driving open innovation initiatives.
Analyzing the Influence of a Superstrate and Slot on a Circular Patch Antenna Operating at 2.4 GHz Resonance Frequency
Authors: Khouyaoui Ibrahim , Foshi Jaouad , Hamdaoui Mohamed
Published: December 2023

The study of antenna design involved the application of a transmission line and cavity model at a 2.4 GHz frequency. The primary focus of this investigation was the impact of dielectric superstrates and a single slot on various performance metrics, encompassing aspects such as bandwidth, beamwidth, gain, resonance frequency, input impedance, return loss, and VSWR. This ongoing research builds upon the findings presented in different Article. The assessment considered factors like return loss and bandwidth to drive improvements and optimizations. Furthermore, a comprehensive examination of each antenna parameter was conducted using a parametric approach. Additionally, the study explored how the introduction of a slot affected the characteristics of circular patch antennas fed via coaxial probes, facilitating a comparative analysis based on their properties.