bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Pada Operasi Hitung Bilangan Perkalian Di Kelas III Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Moh.Zamroni  , Afidati Nuri Iza , Unaenah Een
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor penyebab kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal operasi hitung perkalian pada mata pelajaran matematika di kelas III SDN Pinang 4 Kota Tangerang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu 10 orang siswa dan guru kelas III. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDN Pinang 4 Kota Tangerang pada bulan November 2021. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara guru dan siswa, tes dan studi dokumentasi. Sebagaimana hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masih ada siswa yang merasa kesulitan saat menyelesaikan soal operasi hitung perkalian. Dalam penelitian ini yang di analisis yaitu mengenai kesulitan-kesulitan khusus yang dialami siswa ketika melakukan aktivitas belajar pada soal operasi hitung perkalian yang sering terjadi pada siswa saat menyelesaikan soal operasi hitung perkalian. Dapat diketahui berdasarkan hasil tes dan wawancara, kesulitan terbanyak yang dilakukan oleh siswa pada saat menyelesaikan soal operasi hitung perkalain terletak pada kurangnya keterampilan operasional aritmatika. Pada penelitian ini siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam keterampilan operasi aritmatika terjadi sebanyak 53%, kemudian kesulitan sedang yang dilakukan oleh siswa pada saat menyelesaikan soal operasi hitung perkalian terletak pada kesulitan memahami konsep. Pada penelitian ini siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam menggunakan konsep perkalian terjadi sebanyak 20%, lalu kesulitan cukup sedang yang dilakukan oleh siswa pada saat menyelesaikan soal operasi hitung perkalian terletak pada kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita. Pada penelitian ini siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita pada operasi hitung perkalian terjadi sebanyak 14%
Systematic Literature Review: Kemampuan Pemodelan Matematika Siswa SMA/MA
Authors: Sekar Ayu Febriani Dea , Afidah Nurul Arifin Syifa , Sopiyaturrahmah Siti , Resmania
Published: August 2024

Pemodelan matematika merupakan alat yang sangat penting dalam pendidikan karena membantu siswa memahami bagaimana konsep matematika diterapkan dalam dunia nyata. Dengan pemahaman yang lebih baik, mereka dapat memecahkan masalah dengan lebih efisien dan efektif. Namun dalam praktiknya, masih terdapat situasi dimana siswa memiliki tingkat kemampuan pemodelan matematika yang rendah, salah satunya disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman terhadap masalah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan tinjauan sistematis terhadap sejumlah penelitian yang relevan tentang kemampuan pemodelan matematika siswa SMA/MA yang dilakukan antara tahun 2014 hingga 2023. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Systematic Literature Review atau SLR. Penelitian ini secara umum merupakan studi primer terhadap kemampuan pemodelan matematika siswa dan sampelnya adalah studi primer yang berlokasi di Indonesia dan dapat ditemukan di website Google atau Google Scholar dan Publish or Perish. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 15 artikel diantaranya artikel Kelas X, XI dan XII tingkat SMA/MA. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menggunakan SLR, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemodelan matematika siswa SMA/MA ditinjau dari gaya belajar, gaya berpikir maupun gender. Hal ini disebabkan oleh faktor internal dan eksternal yang dialami siswa ketika menyelesaikan masalah pemodelan matematika. Solusi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemodelan matematika siswa yaitu dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang aktif dan interaktif yang memungkinkan siswa lebih terlibat dalam proses pembelajaran dan memiliki kesempatan untuk menerapkan konsep matematika.
Analisis Self-Efficacy Matematis Siswa Ditinjau Berdasarkan Gender Di SMP Negeri 1 Raya Kahean
Authors: Cici Puspaningrum
Published: August 2024

Adapun penelitian ini yaitu untuk melihat perbedaan gender dalam efikasi diri belajar matematika. Subyek penelitian penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif adalah pelajar di kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Raya Kahean. Wawancara dan kuesioner efikasi diri digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Berdasarkan analisis respon angket self efikasi dan wawancara, efikasi diri peserta didik pria relatif lebih besar daripada efikasi diri peserta didik wanita. Pada bidang kemampuan matematika, kemampuan memahami pengalaman pembelajaran matematika, memanfaatkan teladan sebagai motivator, menganalisis sudut pandang alternatif, dan pengendalian emosi, pelajar pria terlihat kinerja yang lebih unggul daripada pelajar wanita.
Preventing Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Through Preoperative Exercise
Authors: Socci John Andre
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common problem in the elderly population after undergoing anesthesia that results in sometimes irreversible cognitive and physical impairment that can increase mortality and decrease quality of life. Methods: To see the relationship between preoperative fitness capacity and how this relates to postoperative cognitive ability a literature review was performed. Studies that were included involved populations older than sixty years old that had undergone anesthesia. Additionally, animal studies were included to show inflammatory marker levels and how they increased in relation to physical activity. Results: Various fitness scales were used such as the Timed up and Go test, 6 Minute Walking Distance, and more to compare how fitness related to postoperative function. Increased preoperative fitness in humans related to improved post-operative outcomes. Studies in mice showed that physical activity decreased inflammatory markers in aged mice compared to sedentary mice. Conclusion: These data are promising for future prevention of POCD as exercise and fitness can be used as a tool to prevent postoperative decline. Future studies should aim to focus on particular exercises and how they affect postoperative outcomes.
Nutrition and Exercise Resources for Uninsured Patient Populations
Authors: Paparo Sabrina Marie , Plasner Samantha , Patel Runi , Briaguez Wendy
Published: August 2024

Proper nutrition and exercise is integral for the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as type two diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and cardiovascular disease. However, health care disparities in the United States, such as lack of access to primary health care, has been an ever growing problem. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a correlation between being uninsured and having worse health outcomes, and to determine if there is a need for accessible nutrition and/or exercise resources for this population. To conduct this research, a survey was distributed at the Cherry Hill Free Clinic and the Cooper Rowan Clinic in South Jersey. The survey data was imported into Qualtrics and then exported into SPSS Statistics. In SPSS, a combination of chi square tests and t-tests were conducted. The results showed that there is a correlation between BMI, age, and less access to exercise, to the prevalence of chronic conditions. The results also showed that participants with a BMI greater than thirty and those that have one or more chronic conditions ranked their health lower on a scale of poor to excellent and expressed interest in receiving nutrition and exercise resources if made accessible to them. Understanding the health care disparities that exist for uninsured individuals and the risk factors that lead to poor health outcomes will provide awareness to the importance for more accessible care as it is related to nutrition and exercise.
Ketamine Crisis: Case Report on the Complications of Ketamine Usage and Its Rise in the United States
Authors: Veera Shika , Shivaprakash Vajreshwar
Published: August 2024

The recreational use of ketamine poses various health risks, including addiction, cognitive impairments, and physical harm. The patient is a 24-year-old female who presented with 30 lbs. unintentional weight loss, generalized weakness, and urinary incontinence over four months. She endorses right upper quadrant and suprapubic pain with occasional gross hematuria. The patient denied recreational drug use. Urine drug screen was negative. Gynecologic exam and STI testing were without concerns. On exam, she had positive right lower quadrant tenderness, suprapubic tenderness, and costovertebral angle tenderness bilaterally. The patient was admitted to the ICU due to weakness and significant hyponatremia at 115. She was treated symptomatically, started on Zosyn for UTI, normal saline for hyponatremia, calcium bicarbonate and insulin for hyperkalemia. CT abdomen and pelvis showed striated perinephric fat stranding, cholangitis, and pyelonephritis with right sided hydronephrosis. Admission of intranasal ketamine use was documented. The patient was able to tolerate PO intake and lab values returned to normal. Unfortunately, urinary function has delayed recovery after stopping ketamine use. It is unusual to see this collection of symptoms present in one person. The full constellation of symptoms that are associated with ketamine usage in this case are: anxiety, cholangitis, hydronephrosis with pyelonephritis and urinary incontinence, loss of taste, weight loss, euvolemic hyponatremia, hyperkalemia. This case illustrates the importance of appropriate testing in the circumstance of an unreliable narrator in patient care. There are no current established guidelines regarding ketamine toxicity management.
Relationship Between Caregiver Burden and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Pappachen Nikitha , Goud Maithri
Published: August 2024

In this study, caregiver burden measures the psychosocial strain a caregiver experiences as a result of caring for a person with autism. In addition, this study focuses on the effect of socioeconomic status on caregiver burden. A previous study found an association between lower primary caregiver education level and more sleep problems for children with autism3. Thus, the finding focuses on the child with autism as opposed to the caregiver burden. Other studies focus on elements that affect caregiver burden such as sleep quality, mental health, and cultural aspects. If it is known that socioeconomic status significantly affects caregiver burden, resources can be diverted to support those caregivers in an equitable manner. This is crucial due to the high value of services caregivers provide in the United States ($470 billion in 2013)1. Using scores from caregiver inventory forms from the Regional Integrated Special Needs Center in New Jersey and the zip codes retrieved from patient data, we were able to find median income from ZIP codes through census.gov. Then, using linear regression, we did not find a significant association between average total score from caregiver inventory forms and average median income. Interestingly, this may point to an overestimate of quality of life from caregivers in spite of low SES as seen in one study6. It may also be because of other confounding factors such as mental health, gender, and sleep quality on the caregivers. This study opens the door to more research to be done on socioeconomic status’ effects such as controlling for extraneous variables as well as using other methods to measure SES such as education level of caregivers.
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Referrals in Cancer Patients
Authors: Patel Bhumik , Venkataraman Venkateswar , Janora Deanna , Goldberg Jack
Published: August 2024

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) can address functional limitations in various conditions, including cancer. Cancer rehabilitation aims to address functional impairments resulting from both the disease itself and its treatments, striving to optimize physical, social, psychological, and vocational functioning. Existing literature indicates that PM&R services significantly benefit cancer patients by improving their overall quality of life. Studies have found that optimal utilization of PM&R services can increase the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) in cancer patients. Current National Comprehensive Cancer Network and American Cancer Society guidelines emphasize the importance of incorporating PM&R services into oncology care to enhance the function and quality of life of cancer survivors. A literature review revealed that more than 60% of cancer patients experience functional morbidity, but only 2.9% are referred to PM&R services. This underutilization of PM&R services is found in other surveys and presents as a multifactorial problem that needs to be addressed to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Factors that contribute to underutilization of these services include lack of patient or physician awareness of the benefits of PM&R, limited resources, patient adherence, patient prognosis, and socioeconomic status. A survey was created to further understand referral patterns to PM&R services among oncologists. The results from the questionnaire will help identify effective interventions needed within the community to better address the issue.
Potential Mechanisms for New Onset Atrial Fibrillation in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Gupta Raghav , Assadi Yara , Lawrence Shaniece Nicole , Pitsker Erika Jeanie , Bickford Michael Scott Jr. , Saniko Victoria Amber
Published: August 2024

Introduction: This study shows the prevalence of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in COVID-19 patients and highlights the most prevalent explanatory pathologic theories for the correlation. Methods: The authors carried out a literature review over PubMed using the keywords “atrial fibrillation” and “long-term COVID.” 48 articles were reviewed. Articles relating to new onset of atrial fibrillation in COVID-19 patients were included while articles posted before 2020, not related to COVID and atrial fibrillation were excluded. Results: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in COVID patients is often reported to be around 17%, however 44% of patients within Intensive Care units (ICU) have atrial fibrillation with COVID. COVID-19 is proposed to lead to development of atrial fibrillation through dysregulation of the ACE2 receptor, increase in T-cell activation, and increasing the thrombocytes within the heart. Leading to increased edema and blockage of the electrophysiology of the heart. Discussions: Atrial fibrillation constitutes a significant risk factor for patients hospitalized for COVID-19, especially in severe cases like in the ICU. This finding resembles similar arrhythmias found in other viruses like Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The prevalence of arrhythmias with viral infections shows the need to monitor the cardiac rhythms of patients with viral infections. Conclusions: COVID-19 poses a significant risk of leading to atrial fibrillation in severe cases. However, the pathophysiology has not been confirmed. Future work needs to confirm the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and atrial fibrillation to establish better treatments for patients and show the need to monitor patients’ hospitalized for viral infection cardiac rhythm.
Functional Connectivity Favors Aberrant Visual Network c-Fos Expression Accompanied by Cortical Synapse Loss in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: L’Esperance Oliver J. , McGhee Joshua , Davidson Garett , Niraula Suraj , Smith Adam S. , Sosunov Alexandre A. , Yan Shirley Shidu , Subramanian Jaichandar
Published: August 2024

Background:

While Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been extensively studied with a focus on cognitive networks, visual network dysfunction has received less attention despite compelling evidence of its significance in AD patients and mouse models. We recently reported c-Fos and synaptic dysregulation in the primary visual cortex of a pre-amyloid plaque AD-model.

Objective:

We test whether c-Fos expression and presynaptic density/dynamics differ in cortical and subcortical visual areas in an AD-model. We also examine whether aberrant c-Fos expression is inherited through functional connectivity and shaped by light experience.

Methods:

c-Fos+ cell density, functional connectivity, and their experience-dependent modulation were assessed for visual and whole-brain networks in both sexes of 4–6-month-old J20 (AD-model) and wildtype (WT) mice. Cortical and subcortical differences in presynaptic vulnerability in the AD-model were compared using ex vivo and in vivo imaging.

Results:

Visual cortical, but not subcortical, networks show aberrant c-Fos expression and impaired experience-dependent modulation. The average functional connectivity of a brain region in WT mice significantly predicts aberrant c-Fos expression, which correlates with impaired experience-dependent modulation in the AD-model. We observed a subtle yet selective weakening of excitatory visual cortical synapses. The size distribution of cortical boutons in the AD-model is downscaled relative to those in WT mice, suggesting a synaptic scaling-like adaptation of bouton size.

Conclusions:

Visual network structural and functional disruptions are biased toward cortical regions in pre-plaque J20 mice, and the cellular and synaptic dysregulation in the AD-model represents a maladaptive modification of the baseline physiology seen in WT conditions.
Patient Empowerment for Those Living with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Mathur Soania , Mathur Sarika
Published: August 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) poses a number of challenges for individuals, affecting them physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially. The complex nature of PD necessitates empowering patients to address their unique needs and challenges, fostering improved health outcomes and a better quality of life. Patient empowerment is a multifaceted concept crucial to enhancing healthcare outcomes, particularly in chronic conditions such as PD. However, defining patient empowerment presents challenges due to its varied interpretations across disciplines and individuals. Essential components include access to information, development of self-care skills, and fostering a supportive environment. Strategies for patient empowerment encompass health literacy, education, and shared decision-making within a trusted healthcare provider-patient relationship. In PD, patient empowerment is crucial due to the disease’s phenotypic variability and subjective impact on quality of life. Patients must navigate individualized treatment plans and advocate for their needs, given the absence of objective markers of disease progression. Empowerment facilitates shared decision-making and enables patients to communicate their unique experiences and management goals effectively. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the dimensions and strategies associated with patient empowerment, its definition and the facilitators that are necessary, emphasizing its critical importance and relevance in Parkinson’s management. At the end of this review is a personal perspective as one of the authors is a person with lived experience.
Work-related violence, occupational stress and psychological distress among medical staff in China: A structural equation modeling analysis
Authors: Huang Lei , Zhang Qin , Wu Huiyi , Lan Yajia , Jiang Fugui , Zhang Yang
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: Psychological issues and work-related violence are the main challenges faced by medical staff. The situation has become even more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to analyze the relationships among work-related violence, occupational stress and psychological distress and to further identify the direct or indirect effects of violence on psychological distress. METHODS: A total of 1,765 medical staff members were surveyed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and Revised Occupational Stress Inventory. Work-related violence was assessed using a self-made 5-question questionnaire. STATA 14.0 and Amos 21.0 software were used for correlation analysis, variance analysis, and structural equation modeling analysis. RESULTS: A total of 66.1% of the medical staff suffered workplace violence, and 61.2% witnessed workplace violence. The psychological distress score (Kessler 10 Scale) of the medical staff was 22.7±7.67. The psychological strain score and physical strain score were 26.8±7.14 and 24.2±6.51, respectively. Work-related violence (suffered: β= 0.467; witnessed: β= 0.258) and occupational stress (psychological strain: β= 0.269; physical strain: β= 0.317) were predictors of psychological distress, and social support (β= –0.265) was a protective factor. Work-related violence and social support had both direct and indirect effects on psychological distress, and the intermediate factor was occupational stress. The total effects of suffered workplace violence and witnessed workplace violence were 0.181 and 0.092, respectively, and the total effect of social support was –0.262. CONCLUSIONS: Work-related violence may exacerbate symptoms of occupational stress and psychological distress. Reducing workplace violence and protecting medical staff from work-related violence are extremely important aspects of mental health prevention.
Algorithm for designing asymmetrical rolling mode
Authors: Kozhevnikov A. V. , Shalaevskii D. L. , Kozhevnikova I. A. , Smirnov A. S. , Korepina K. P.
Published: August 2024

Sliding of the work rolls along the strip is one of the emergency operating modes of the stand, as a result of which the steady rolling process is disrupted and fluctuations in the tension and thickness of the finished strip occur. The work obtained a condition for eliminating roll slippage along the strip in the general case of the technological process, when the diameters of the barrels of the upper and lower work rolls are different. To do this, when calculating the parameters of the asymmetric mode, the following actions are implemented. First, the presence of a leading zone is assessed at the initial surface roughness of the roll barrel. If there is an advance zone in the deformation zone on both sides of the strip, then the fulfillment of the classical gripping condition is checked with the initial surface roughness of the barrels of both rolls reduced by 60%, thereby simulating further wear of this roughness.It has been established that the greatest influence on the occurrence of slippage in the current state of the work roll barrel surface will be exerted by a combination of technology factors – strip compression in the stand, strip tension. The process asymmetry factor has very little effect on the probability of occurrence of the emergency rolling mode considered in the work.As part of the study, the previously developed algorithm for designing continuous rolling technology was improved, taking into account the possibility of roll slippage, incl. when using an asymmetric process.An asymmetric rolling mode created using a newly proposed technique for designing process parameters is presented.The work also demonstrates the influence of the asymmetry factor on the structure of the asymmetric deformation zone. It is shown that with increasing strip tension, the effectiveness of the impact of the difference in the diameters of the barrels of the lower and upper rolls on the source decreases
Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities of asymmetric 2-methylimidazole-4,5-dicarboxamide derivatives containing morpholine
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Huynh Phương Nguyễn Hoài , Nguyen Thanh Phuc ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Truong Phuong ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vo Thi Cam Van ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City
Published: August 2024

For several years, heterocycles have been attracted the interest of researchers due to their diverse biological activity, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antidengue properties,… Imidazole and morpholine are two heterocycles that have interesting application in potency, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics… When combined in the same compound, they may generate new compounds with potential bioactivities. Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxamide (I45DC) compounds were synthesized using benzimidazole derivatives as starting material through four-step procedure: oxidation cleavage of 2-methylbenzimidazole, synthesis of pyrazinedione diacide dichloride, amidation of pyrazinedione diacide dichloride, and ring opening pyrazinedione by morpholine. The structures were determined by IR, MS, NMR spectra. The results showed that the derivatives have purity and structure consistent with expectations. Eight asymmetric I45DC compounds were synthesized, all of which were new based on Scifinder in December 2022. The yield of the reactions varies from 23 – 80%, in which the important reaction is the final one with the yield of 23 – 54% varying depending on the position of the substituents. The antibacterial, antifungal, antidengue activitives were screened on five bacterial and two fungi strains. However, they did not exhibit activity againtst tested bacteria and fungi. Nonetheless, the new I45DC compounds help to diversify synthetic compounds.
Evaluation of the hypouricemic effect of petroleum ether extract from Ophiocordyceps sinensis biomass
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, Huynh Thu , Phan Quynh-Nhu Le ,   Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh University of Science, Dinh Minh-Hiep ,   Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Ho Chi Minh City
Published: August 2024

Ophiocordyceps sinensis is a long-traditional medicinal mushroom with many bioactivities. Our previous studies have demonstrated that O. sinensis, especially petroleum ether (PE) extract, has the potential to support the treatment of hyperuricemia by inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. In this study, the ability of PE extract to lower the content of blood uric acid was investigated in a hyperuricemia model. The acute hyperuricemia model was conducted at a dose of 250 - 1,000 mg/kg using potassium oxonate on mice. The results showed that the PE extract of O. sinensis did not cause death to mice at a dose of 5,000 mg/kg. The results showed that all three tested doses (250, 500, 1,000 mg/kg) were effective in lowering the concentration of blood uric acid. The model of chronic hyperuricemia was revealed using doses of potassium oxonate from 300 to 150 mg/kg every other day. The rates of uric acid increased in the model group compared to the control group after 7 days was 50%, and after 14 days was 36%. The results of lowering the uric acid contents on the model of chronic hyperuricemia showed that the dose of 1,000 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg had a better effect than the dose of 250 mg/kg. The uric acid contents were reduced 25% after 7 days and 29% after 14 days by the dose of 500 mg/kg, respectively. A dose of 1,000 mg/kg reduced uric acid contents by 35% after 7 days and 29% after 14 days, respectively. The results of hematology test exhibited no differences between experiments. The HE staining results showed damages in internal organs when the experiments was prolonged.
Talents and their professors: What and how to teach?
Authors: Grigoryev L. M.
Published: August 2024

The discussion of the problems of economic education in Voprosy Ekonomiki is encompassing a large variety of problems. The world economy goes through dramatic changes that implies the necessity for checking up stylized facts and the capacity of existing theorems. Unresolved national problems give a stimulus for returning to industrial policy methods. Global problems require the concentration of resources and better coordination of their utilization. The participants of the discussion on the issues of economic education give us the deep insight into the current state of affairs in this field. They suggest competing programs of its improvement, which would need substantial efforts. The distinct difference between researchers and administrators will be important for determining the direction of spending and criteria of success in research and teaching activities.
What comes first: Certainty of goals or scarcity of means?
Authors: Grebnev L. S.
Published: August 2024

The article continues the discussion of the topic of improving higher education, which started on the pages of the journal „Voprosy Ekonomiki“ at the end of 2023. Special attention is paid to the content of the introductory course, which should comprehensively present basic concepts reflecting the realities of business: decision-making in conditions of scarce resources and uncertainty; opportunity costs; input and output/outcomes in real time; interests; the world economy. The importance of understanding the differences between „island“ and „continental“ thinking techniques, which are used by representatives of different scientific schools, as well as in business practice, is noted. According to the author, the developers of introductory textbooks on economics should also take into account the ideological aspect of the material proposed for study, and thereby contribute to eliminating the criticism that existing textbooks are subject to from a number of reputable orthodox scientists. It is also proposed to pay much more attention to the concept of „uncertainty“ at the introductory level.
Textos descriptivos de contingencia como instrucciones iniciales en tareas de igualación de la muestra
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara-CEIC, Serrano Mario , García Gustavo ,   Universidad de Almería, López Alfredo ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Iztacala
Published: August 2024

Cuatro grupos de estudiantes universitarios fueron expuestos a una tarea de igualación de la muestra de segundo orden y pruebas de transferencia intramodal, extramodal y extradimensional. La diferencia entre los grupos fue la ausencia (Grupo 1) o agregación de textos descriptivos de contingencia referentes a las instancias (Grupo 2), modalidades (Grupo 3) y relaciones (Grupo 4) pertinentes de igualación, como instrucciones iniciales de la tarea. Los tres tipos funcionales de textos descriptivos de contingencia promovieron la precisión de la ejecución en la fase de entrenamiento, principalmente los que hicieron referencia a las modalidades e instancias pertinentes de igualación. En las pruebas de transferencia, únicamente los textos que hicieron referencia a las relaciones pertinentes de igualación promovieron altas ejecuciones, con una ligera tendencia incremental en la prueba de transferencia extradimensional. Estos resultados se discuten en relación con estudios previos en los que los textos descriptivos de contingencia se agregaron en otros segmentos de la tarea.
La Resurgencia de Conducta Inducida
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Diaz Juan , Bruner Carlos ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Flores Andrea ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: August 2024

Reforzar la conducta blanco induce un aumento en la frecuencia de otras conductas en la misma dimensión. Hemos estudiado este fenómeno usado una cámara con siete palancas alineadas en el panel frontal. Reforzar las presiones a una sola palanca induce presiones en las otras palancas, pero con una frecuencia que disminuye al aumentar la distancia de la palanca operativa. En esta investigación se observó la resurgencia de las presiones en las siete palancas. Durante la primera fase se reforzaron las presiones a la palanca central con un programa de intervalo al azar de 15 s. Durante la segunda fase se suspendió el reforzamiento a la palanca central y con el mismo programa se reforzó el tirar de una cadena suspendida en el techo de la cámara.En la tercera fase se eliminó el reforzamiento por completo. En ausencia de reforzamiento las presiones a la palanca central resurgieron en conjunción con las presiones a las otras palancas. También la distribución de las presiones a todas las palancas fue similar a la que se obtuvo durante la primera fase. Se concluyó que la resurgencia consiste en patrones complejos que incluyen conducta condicionada e inducida.
Efeito do Feedback e da Reapresentação dos Quadros Completados Incorretamente Sobre o Desempenho em uma Instrução Programada
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul e Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo y Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Reis Pieretti Ana Alice , Mazzilli Pereira Maria Eliza ,   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul e Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo y Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
Published: August 2024

Estudos sobre efeitos de características da Instrução Programada têm apresentado resultados inconsistentes. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a influência de diferentes condições de feedback e de reapresentação dos quadros completados incorretamente sobre a aprendizagem em uma Instrução Programada. Participaram 16 estudantes universitários, que passaram por pré-teste, treino e pós-teste. No treino, foram divididos em dois grupos. O Grupo 1 foi submetido a diferentes formas de reapresentação dos quadros completados incorretamente: ao final da série uma vez; ao final da série até três vezes; em seguida ao feedback uma vez; em seguida ao feedback até três vezes. O Grupo 2 foi submetido a diferentes condições de feedback: para todos os quadros; para nenhum dos quadros; para todos os quadros respondidos corretamente; para todos os quadros respondidos incorretamente. Maior número de acertos dos participantes do Grupo 1 ocorreu nas condições “em seguida ao feedback até três vezes” e “em seguida ao feedback uma vez”. No Grupo 2, maior número de acertos ocorreu nas condições “feedback em todos os quadros” e “feedback em todos os quadros respondidos incorretamente”. Esses resultados apontam a importância do feedback, sobretudo de respostas incorretas, e da possibilidade de repetição dessas respostas logo após o feedback.
Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Potential Drug Delivery Vehicle against Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Mahadi Hasan  , Md. Khalil Miah Pathan  , Md. Faisal Kabir
Published: August 2024

This study explores the development of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as an advanced platform for the targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), a widely used chemotherapeutic agent. Utilizing a modified sol-gel process, MSNs were synthesized and functionalized with amino (MSN-NH2) and carboxyl (MSN-COOH) groups to enhance their physicochemical properties and drug delivery efficacy. Comprehensive characterization through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirmed the successful synthesis of spherical MSNs with a uniform internal structure and mesoporous nature. Zeta potential measurements highlighted the impact of surface functionalization on the surface charge of the nanoparticles, revealing positive and significantly negative charges for MSN-NH2 and MSN-COOH respectively. This study further investigated the pH-responsive drug release profiles of DOX-loaded MSNs under physiological (pH 7.4) and tumor-mimicking acidic (pH 5.5) conditions. The results demonstrated a controlled release at pH 7.4, minimizing systemic toxicity, and a significantly enhanced release at pH 5.5, targeting the acidic tumor microenvironment for improved therapeutic efficacy. The findings underscore the potential of functionalized MSNs as a versatile nanocarrier system for cancer therapy, offering a promising strategy to increase the therapeutic index of DOX and reduce adverse effects. This work contributes valuable insights into the design and application of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, paving the way for future pre-clinical applications and advancements in targeted colorectal cancer treatments.
Determinant of Earnings Management: Financial Distress, Tax Planning, Audit Quality, and Public Accountant Firm Size
Authors: Farida Ajeng Luthfiyatul , Sugesti Putri Fariska
Published: August 2024

Profit can show the information to the public in making investment decisions. The motivation of management to practice earnings management is to attract external parties, one of which is investors by increasing profits (income creating) and tax motivation by decreasing profits (income decreasing). This study aims to determine the effect of financial distress, tax planning, audit quality, and public accountant firm size on earnings management in mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2016-2020 period simultaneously or partially. The sample used was purposive sampling from 29 samples with 145 observational data. The method used panel data regression analysis. The results showed that financial distress positively affects earnings management, meaning that when a company is in a financial distress condition, it tends to practice earnings management to make better financial statements. While tax planning and audit quality do not affect earnings management, the size of public accountant firms has a negative effect on earnings management.
Reliability of Audit Evidence during Pandemic Restrictions
Authors: Fidiana Fidiana , Retnani Endang Dwi
Published: August 2024

The latest technology-based audits have quickly overcome traditional barriers for auditors to access data, client resistance, and client readiness. However, the auditor’s capacity to gather adequate and pertinent audit evidence may be hampered by limitations on travel and access as well as a shortage of human resources as a result of health issues. This research aims to analyze and discuss how auditors view and consider audit evidence throughout the pandemic. This qualitative method involves the perceptions of Indonesian Public Accountants (CPA Indonesia), especially in the Indonesian context. The informants were chosen by their involvement in their work as the partners or senior auditors of an audit firm. This research finds that during the pandemic, by fulfilling legal statutory audits and rendering a clean audit opinion even in the absence of compelling audit evidence, auditors can preserve their credibility and stability. Second, in the event of extraordinary circumstances, regulators ought to create audit guidelines and standards. Third, in order to perform audit procedures digitally and remotely, audit firms need to make investments in information technology. The implication is that the crusader, the safe pair of hands, the accommodator, and the truster are four different types of audit engagement partners discovered as a secondary result of this research.
Becoming a Cashless Society: The Role of QRIS from the Z-Generation Student's Perspective
Authors: Lau Elfreda Aplonia , Kulsum Umi
Published: August 2024

Along with the development of QRIS in Indonesia and Bank Indonesia's efforts to expand the use of QRIS internationally, Z-generation students are faced with the dynamics of financial transaction options towards a cashless society. This study aims to prove the factors that influence the use of QRIS to become a cashless society from the perspective of Z-generation students. The analysis was carried out in-depth based on the UTAUT theory. This study uses primary data by distributing questionnaires to Z-generation students at two universities in Samarinda. A total of 273 data were processed with SmartPLS. Findings show that Z-generation students accept QRIS as a leader in changing the payment paradigm, with high usage intentions driven by effectiveness and efficiency in daily financial transactions. Social influence from peers and family has also been shown to play a key role in shaping attitudes and behavior in using QRIS. Nevertheless, interesting findings imply that supporting factors, such as facilitating conditions, do not always play a dominant role in influencing Z-generation students' decisions to switch to cashless. The implication is that even though QRIS has great potential to form a cashless society, a holistic approach that considers social and psychological factors is crucial. This study suggests that future research involves a broader and more diverse sample that may provide more holistic insights and generalization.
Organizacja przestrzeni stymulującej kreatywność pracowników w warunkach pracy hybrydowej – wyniki badań jakościowych
Authors: Kasprzak Rafał , Ziółkowska Marta
Published: August 2024

W ramach badania nad optymalnym portfelem czynników otoczenia społecznego i fizycznego, wpływających na stymulowanie kreatywności pracowników, autorzy proponują rozszerzenie istniejącego modelu pracy stacjonarnej na model hybrydowy, przy założeniu, że pewne czynniki stymulujące kreatywność w modelu hybrydowym mogą być substytutem dla ich odpowiedników istniejących w modelu stacjonarnym. Na potrzeby analiz sformułowano zestaw pytań badawczych dotyczących optymalnych czynników otoczenia społecznego i fizycznego w obu modelach pracy. Jakościowe badania empiryczne w formie wywiadów pogłębionych pozwoliły na zebranie materiału poznawczego, który został poddany szczegółowej analizie treści, opartej na percepcji i doświadczeniach uczestników. Wyniki badań jakościowych wskazują na potrzebę ustalenia, które czynniki otoczenia społecznego i fizycznego są optymalne dla stymulowania kreatywności pracownika w różnych modelach pracy. Projektowanie przestrzeni pracy staje się kluczowym elementem wspierającym innowacyjność organizacji, a takie cechy jak obecność roślin, dźwięki, wygodne meble i przestrzenie do relaksu mogą znacząco wpływać na kreatywność pracowników. Podsumowując, prezentowane w artykule badania miały na celu zidentyfikowanie czynników odpowiadających za kreatywność pracowników w modelu hybrydowym i potwierdzenie ich potencjalnej roli jako substytutów dla istniejących czynników w modelu stacjonarnym.
Adaptacyjne planowanie sprintu na podstawie informacji o ryzyku
Authors: Marchwicka Ewa , Marchwicki Tymon
Published: August 2024

Zarządzanie ryzykiem w (standardowym) modelu scrum realizowane jest tylko w sposób niejawny. Z przeglądu literatury przeprowadzonego przez autorów wynika, że brakuje podejść ilościowych do jawnego zarządzania ryzykiem w środowisku scrum. Prezentowane rozważania mają służyć ustaleniu, czy możliwe jest zarządzanie ryzykiem zgodnie z metodyką scrum w sposób ilościowy, na podstawie jawnej informacji o ryzyku podawanej w sposób lingwistyczny, a także przeanalizowanie zalet takiego podejścia. W artykule opracowana została także koncepcja umożliwiająca kwantyfikację określonych rodzajów ryzyka w sprincie. Prezentowane podejście ułatwia adaptację planu sprintu, w którym na wyjściu zwracany jest zbiór możliwych akcji naprawczych. Akcje te są skwantyfikowane pod kątem kryterium wartości biznesowej dla klienta, które określa się mianem wartości sprintu (ang. sprint value). Proponowane podejście zostało zaprezentowane wraz z przykładem ilustracyjnym. Z przeprowadzonych badań, wypełniających wspomnianą lukę badawczą, wynika, że w metodyce scrum można zastosować ilościowe zarządzanie ryzykiem, na podstawie jawnej informacji o ryzyku podawanej na wejściu w formie wyrażeń lingwistycznych.
Wyzwania dotyczące zarządzania międzynarodowym partnerstwem projektowym – doświadczenia organizacji realizujących projekty współpracy w ramach programu Erasmus+
Authors: Kędzia Marta , Wiktorowicz Justyna
Published: August 2024

Łatwość inicjowania i rozwijania relacji opartych na współdziałaniu sprzyja poszukiwaniu rozwiązań umożliwiających współpracę członków zespołów rozproszonych geograficznie i reprezentujących różne organizacje. Współpraca międzyorganizacyjna wiąże się z wieloma korzyściami, ale stanowi również wyzwanie zarządcze dla kadry kierującej jej pracami. Największe wiążą się z jej specyfiką. Celem artykułu jest ocena wyzwań dotyczących międzynarodowego partnerstwa międzyorganizacyjnego na przykładzie jednego z kluczowych unijnych programów wspierających edukację – Erasmus+, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem takich kwestii jak wieloorganizacyjność i wielokulturowość. W artykule  zaprezentowano wyniki własnego badania kwestionariuszowego, zrealizowanego wśród zarządzających międzynarodowymi projektami partnerskimi Erasmus+. Odwołano się też do wyników obserwacji uczestniczącej z udziałem partnerstw realizujących tego typu projekty.
External vulnerability and optimal monetary policy in Nigeria
Authors: Oladunni Sunday
Published: August 2024

In this study, we assess the external vulnerability of the Nigerian economy by documenting three alternatives (zero, partial and full) oil price pass-through to inflation within a New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) framework. The results show that under a zero-oil price pass-through, the choice of inflation measure is immaterial, as macroeconomic responses to the shock are comparable under alternative Taylor rule specifications. The shock precipitates stagflation, transmitted via the income and exchange rate channels; and introduces an extra layer of vulnerability associated with higher external risk premium. Both core and oil inflation targeting monetary rules maximize welfare under a zero-oil price passthrough, while oil inflation targeting is shown to be welfare superior under partial or full oil price pass-through. Credibility consideration renders core inflation targeting the feasible optimal path for the central bank.
Fiscal Policy in a DSGE Model of a Resource-Rich Emerging Economy: The Nigerian Experience
Authors: Alege Philip , Oye Queen Esther
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the role of fiscal policy in driving macroeconomic dynamics in a resource-rich emerging economy like Nigeria. Specifically, the paper investigates the macroeconomic implications of fiscal policy using a small open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model that features oil in the fiscal rule. The model is estimated via Bayesian methods using data covering the period 2010Q1- 2021Q1. The results show that the feedback coefficient of output in the fiscal rules is mainly negative, indicating a counter-cyclical fiscal stance. Also, increased oil revenue leads to a rise in government consumption, investment and transfer payments. Further evidence indicates that government spending and transfer payments rose in response to increased debt. We also show that fiscal shocks are highly persistent and that government spending on consumption and investment, tax instruments and transfer are expansionary.
Aktifitas Perawatan Dan Perbaikan Daun Baling- Baling Pada Kapal
Authors: Salim Salim , Wibowo Waris , Sigit Santosa Prasetya , Kristianto Lukas , Hartanto Benny , Pratiwi Yudhanita
Published: August 2024

Kerusakan pada daun propeller (baling–baling) sangat berpengaruh terhadap performa dari kapal dikarenakan daya yang dipindahkan dari mesin induk tidak dapat dipakai secara maksimal. Jenis kerusakan daun baling – baling kapal selama berlayar diantaranya kavitasi, fouling, bengkok, retak bahkan patah akibat benturan dengan benda asing. Untuk tetap mengoptimalkan daya dorong baling – baling maka diperlukan proses perawatan dan perbaikan baling-baling diantaranya adalah dengan pembersihan, penambalan, pelurusan serta pemotongan bagian yang patah untuk kemudian disambung dengan material baru dengan cara pengelasan (penyambungan). Setelah perawatan dan perbaikan proses selanjutnya adalah dilakukan pengetesan dengan metode liquid penetrant test serta balancing. Hasil balancing akan menunjukkan bahwa daun baling-baling sudah memenuhi standar atau belum untuk digunakan berlayar. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus dan deskriptif dengan penekanan pada faktor kavitasi dan fouling yang sering menyebabkan kerusakan. Hasil penelitian menegaskan pentingnya perawatan rutin dan penggunaan metode yang tepat dalam pemeliharaan baling-baling kapal. Proses perawatan dan perbaikan baling-baling meliputi penambalan, pelurusan, pemotongan dilanjutkan penyambungan dengan pengelasan serta pengerendaan (penghalusan) serta uji penetrasi (colour test).