bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interprétation des données magnétiques du chapeau de fer de Laachach (Jebilets centrales, Maroc): Implications minières
Authors: Jaffal M. , El Goumi N. , Hibti M. , Dairou A. Adama , Kchikach A. , Manar A.
Published: December 2010

[fr] Le massif hercynien des Jebilets centrales (Maroc) est caractérisé par l’affleurement de nombreux chapeaux de fer dont certains coiffent des amas sulfurés de grande importance économique (Kettara, Draa Sfar, etc.). Le présent travail porte sur l’interprétation de données magnétiques couvrant l’un de ces chapeaux de fer qui se situe près du village de Laachach à une trentaine de kilomètres au Nord- Ouest de Marrakech. La carte magnétique du secteur étudié met en évidence plusieurs anomalies qui coïncident avec l’affleurement du chapeau de fer. Après réduction au pôle des données, l’analyse détaillée de ces anomalies permet de conclure que celles-ci seraient dues à des structures magnétiques allongées en direction subméridienne et décalées par une série de failles décrochantes dextres. Ces structures présentent généralement un pendage vers l’Ouest mais elles peuvent être localement subver ticales. L’application de la déconvolution d’Euler aux données magnétiques de Laachach permet de cal culer des solutions représentant ces structures dont la profondeur varie de 22 à 254 m. L’interprétation quantitative des deux principales anomalies magnétiques mises en évidence au niveau de la zone d’étude a permis de caractériser la structure profonde des corps magnétiques de Laachach, qui pour raient correspondre à des amas sulfurés, compte tenu du contexte géologique et minier du secteur étu dié. Ainsi, les deux corps modélisés constituent des cibles prioritaires de reconnaissance pour tout pro gramme d’exploration minière susceptible d’être mené sur le site de Laachach.
Évolution du système linguistique d'apprenants d'allemand à l'aide de corpus numériques. L'exemple de l'adjectif.
Authors: Schaeffer-Lacroix Eva
Published: December 2010

Les corpus sont des environnements textuels susceptibles de soutenir l'apprentissage d'une langue étrangère (Johns et King, 1991 : iii ; Bernardini, 2004 : 16). Afin de contribuer à donner un fondement empirique à cette attente, j'ai observé l'évolution de la flexion adjectivale lors d'un projet de production écrite en allemand. Le projet a été basé sur l'exploitation de corpus réfléchis, donc de collections de documents en ligne, représentant tous un même genre textuel. J'ai invité treize adolescents francophones de niveau peu avancé à intermédiaire à puiser dans trois corpus du domaine du tourisme afin de réviser leurs textes pouvant potentiellement faire partie du site Internet d'un musée. J'ai comparé leur production de départ, faite sans aide à la rédaction, à deux des productions qu'ils ont créées en ayant un accès illimité aux corpus, et à leur production finale lors de laquelle ils ont pu s'aider d'un texte du corpus et de lignes de concordances présélectionnées. Cette comparaison fait ressortir que, dans certaines conditions, l'utilisation des corpus peut mener à une complexification de la production écrite : dans les données, le nombre de structures parataxiques chute au profit de structures comportant davantage d'adjectifs fléchis et davantage d'adjectifs ayant la fonction d'adverbe.
Reliance, liance et alliance : opérationnalité des concepts dans l'analyse du climat socio-relationnel de groupes restreints d'apprentissage en ligne
Authors: Quintin Jean-Jacques , Masperi Monica
Published: December 2010

La recherche que nous présentons ici se donne pour but de mesurer le lien entre le "climat socio-relationnel" d'un groupe restreint engagé dans un travail collaboratif en ligne et la qualité des travaux collectifs produits. La démarche méthodologique adoptée, basée sur une analyse des échanges asynchrones entre les membres d'un groupe, nous permet d'aboutir à un modèle opératoire qui fait état des composantes du "climat socio-relationnel" susceptibles d'expliquer les résultats d'apprentissage obtenus. Deux notions – dérivées du concept sociologique de reliance – seront mobilisées : la liance et l'alliance. La première rend compte de la qualité de la relation (la chaleur, l'intimité, les émotions…) qui se crée entre les interlocuteurs au cours de leurs échanges asynchrones. La seconde traduit la manière dont les participants confortent leur contrat d'association en vue de la réalisation du travail commun, afin de répondre aux exigences pédagogiques fixées.Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que, dans notre situation d'étude, le modèle de la reliance explique une part substantielle de la qualité moyenne des produits de l'apprentissage collectif et possède une homogénéité interne non négligeable. Ces éléments concourent à étayer l'assise conceptuelle et le caractère opératoire du modèle présenté.
Double-Stranded RNA Induces Shedding of the 34-kDa Soluble TNFR1 from Human Airway Epithelial Cells via TLR3–TRIF–RIP1-Dependent Signaling: Roles for Dual Oxidase 2- and Caspase-Dependent Pathways
Authors: Yu Man , Lam Jonathan , Rada Balázs , Leto Thomas L. , Levine Stewart J.
Published: December 2010

TNF, an important mediator of inflammatory and innate immune responses, can be regulated by binding to soluble TNF receptors. The 55-kDa type 1 TNFR (TNFR1), the key receptor for TNF signaling, is released to the extracellular space by two mechanisms, the inducible cleavage and shedding of 34-kDa soluble TNFR1 (sTNFR1) ectodomains and the constitutive release of full-length 55-kDa TNFR1 within exosome-like vesicles. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize TLR signaling pathways that mediate TNFR1 release to the extracellular space. To our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time that polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)], a synthetic dsRNA analogue that signals via TLR3, induces sTNFR1 shedding from human airway epithelial (NCI-H292) cells, whereas ligands for other microbial pattern recognition receptors, including TLR4, TLR7, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2, do not. Furthermore, poly (I:C) selectively induces the cleavage of 34-kDa sTNFR1 ectodomains but does not enhance the release of full-length 55-kDa TNFR1 within exosome-like vesicles. RNA interference experiments demonstrated that poly (I:C)-induced sTNFR1 shedding is mediated via activation of TLR3–TRIF–RIP1 signaling, with subsequent activation of two downstream pathways. One pathway involves the dual oxidase 2-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species, and the other pathway is via the caspase-mediated activation of apoptosis. Thus, the ability of dsRNA to induce the cleavage and shedding of the 34-kDa sTNFR1 from human bronchial epithelial cells represents a novel mechanism by which innate immune responses to viral infections are modulated.
Activation of Lipopolysaccharide–TLR4 Signaling Accelerates the Ototoxic Potential of Cisplatin in Mice
Authors: Oh Gi-Su , Kim Hyung-Jin , Choi Jae-Hyuck , Shen AiHua , Kim Chang-Hoi , Kim Se-Jin , Shin Sae-Ron , Hong Seung-Heon , Kim Yunha , Park Channy , Lee Sung-Joong , Akira Shizuo , Park Raekil , So Hong-Seob
Published: December 2010

Dysfunction in immune surveillance during anticancer chemotherapy of patients often causes weakness of the host defense system and a subsequent increase in microbial infections. However, the deterioration of organ-specific function related to microbial challenges in cisplatin-treated patients has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated cisplatin-induced TLR4 expression and its binding to LPS in mouse cochlear tissues and the effect of this interaction on hearing function. Cisplatin increased the transcriptional and translational expression of TLR4 in the cochlear tissues, organ of Corti explants, and HEI-OC1 cells. Furthermore, cisplatin increased the interaction between TLR4 and its microbial ligand LPS, thereby upregulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, via NF-κB activation. In C57BL/6 mice, the combined injection of cisplatin and LPS caused severe hearing impairment compared with that in the control, cisplatin-alone, or LPS-alone groups, whereas this hearing dysfunction was completely suppressed in both TLR4 mutant and knockout mice. These results suggest that hearing function can be easily damaged by increased TLR expression and microbial infections due to the weakened host defense systems of cancer patients receiving therapy comprising three to six cycles of cisplatin alone or cisplatin combined with other chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover, such damage can occur even though patients may not experience ototoxic levels of cumulative cisplatin concentration.
Retroperitoneal Inflammatory Liposarcoma in a Patient with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Report Highlighting Diagnostic Pitfalls
Authors: Lim Cathy S. , Cooper Caroline L. , Delprado Warick , Kench James , McCarthy Stanley W. , Scolyer Richard A.
Published: December 2010

Well differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) is the commonest subtype of liposarcoma. Recognised subtypes of WDLSs are lipoma-like, sclerosing, spindle cell and inflammatory. The inflammatory variant of WDLS also known as “lymphocyte-rich liposarcoma” is rare. We present a case of inflammatory WDLS occurring in the retroperitoneum, in a patient with a past history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We outline the histological features, discuss the differential diagnoses and highlight the diagnostic pitfalls in interpretation of this lesion on fine needle biopsy.
Feeding Behavior-Related Toxicity due toNandina domesticain Cedar Waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum)
Authors: Woldemeskel Moges , Styer Eloise L.
Published: December 2010

Dozens of Cedar Waxwings were found dead in Thomas County, Georgia, USA, in April 2009. Five of these were examined grossly and microscopically. Grossly, all the examined birds had pulmonary, mediastinal, and tracheal hemorrhages. Microscopically, several tissues and organs were diffusely congested and hemorrhagic. Congestion and hemorrhage were marked in the lungs. Intact and partly digested berries ofNandina domesticaThunb. were the only ingesta found in the gastrointestinal tract of these birds. Due to their voracious feeding behavior, the birds had eaten toxic doses ofN. domesticaberries.N. domesticacontains cyanide and is one of the few berries readily available at this time of the year in the region. The gross and microscopic findings are consistent with lesions associated with cyanide toxicity. This paper for the first time documents toxicity associated withN. domesticain Cedar Waxwings.
The Mechanism of Transpassive Dissolution of AISI 321 Stainless Steel in Sulphuric Acid Solution
Authors: Fattah-Alhosseini A. , Attarzadeh N.
Published: December 2010

The transpassive dissolution mechanism of AISI 321 stainless steel in a 0.5 M sulphate solution was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). On the basis of the experimental results, surface charge approach, and point defect model, a kinetic model of the transpassive dissolution process is proposed. The transpassive film is modeled as a highly doped n-type semiconductor—insulator-p-type semiconductor structure. Injection of negative defects at the transpassive film/solution interface results in their accumulation as a negative surface charge. It alters the nonstationary transpassive film growth rate controlled by the transport of positive defects (oxygen vacancies). The model describes the process as dissolution of Cr as Cr (VI) and Fe as Fe (III) through the transpassive film via parallel reaction paths.
Hepatocyte Lysosomal Membrane Stabilization by Olive Leaves against Chemically Induced Hepatocellular Neoplasia in Rats
Authors: Abdel-Hamid N. M. , El-Moselhy M. A. , El-Baz A.
Published: December 2010

Extensive efforts are exerted looking for safe and effective chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Specific and sensitive early biomarkers for HCC still in query. Present work to study proteolytic activity and lysosomal membrane integrity by hepatocarcinogen, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), in Wistar rats against aqueous olive leaf extract (AOLE).TCA showed neoplastic changes as oval- or irregular-shaped hepatocytes and transformed, vesiculated, and binucleated liver cells. The nuclei were pleomorphic and hyperchromatic. These changes were considerably reduced by AOLE. The results added, probably for the first time, that TCA-induced HCC through disruption of hepatocellular proteolytic enzymes as upregulation of papain, free cathepsin-D and nonsignificant destabilization of lysosomal membrane integrity, a prerequisite for cancer invasion and metastasis. AOLE introduced a promising therapeutic value in liver cancer, mostly through elevating lysosomal membrane integrity. The study substantiated four main points: (1) the usefulness of proteolysis and lysosomalmembrane integrity in early prediction of HCC. (2) TCA carcinogenesis is possibly mediated by lysosomal membrane destabilization, through cathepsin-D disruption, which could be reversed by AOLE administration. (3) A new strategy for management of HCC, using dietary olive leaf system may be a helpful phytotherapeutic trend. (4) A prospective study on serum proteolytic enzyme activity may introduce novel diagnostic tools.
Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Normal and Abnormal 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Iqbal P. , Stevenson Louise
Published: December 2010

Introduction. 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) plays an important role in assessing cardiovascular prognosis, through presence or absence of ABPM-related prognostic features.Objectives. To study relationship between 24-hour ABPM and cardiovascular outcomes in patients from Chesterfield Royal Hospital.Material and Methods. Over 12 months from the 1st of August 2002, 1187 individuals had 24-hour ABPM performed. Cardiovascular outcomes were studied in a subset (297) of the original cohort, made up by every 4th consecutive subject. The following ABPM-related prognostic features were studied—high day time systolic and diastolic BP (≥135, ≥85 mmHg), high night time systolic and diastolic BP (≥120 mmHg, ≥75 mmHg), absence of nocturnal dip (≤10% fall in night time SBP), high early morning SBP (≥140 mmHg), and morning surge (≥20/15 mmHg). The cardiovascular outcomes studied in the fourth table included fatal and nonfatal MI, new diagnosis of angina, acute coronary syndrome, sudden cardiac death, cardiac arrhythmias, acute LVF, cerbrovascular events, peripheral vascular disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and CKD stage 3 or above.Results. Over a followup period of days (1720–2305 days) 82 cardiovascular events occurred in 61 subjects. Cardiac arrhythmias were the most common CV outcome (34 events) followed by cerebrovascular events (15). Statistically significant associations found were between cerebrovascular events and absent nocturnal dip ≤ 10% () and high day time DBP (), peripheral vascular disease and morning surge ≥ 20/15 mmHg (), cardiac arrhythmias and high day time and night time DBP ( and .033, resp.).Conclusion. Significant associations were found between cerebrovascular events and absent nocturnal dip ≤ 10% and high day time DBP, peripheral vascular disease and morning surge ≥ 20/15 mmHg, cardiac arrhythmias and high day time and night time DBP.
Heterogeneity in Multiple Sclerosis: Scratching the Surface of a Complex Disease
Authors: Disanto Giulio , Berlanga Antonio J. , Handel Adam E. , Para Andrea E. , Burrell Amy M. , Fries Anastasia , Handunnetthi Lahiru , De Luca Gabriele C. , Morahan Julia M.
Published: December 2010

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although the etiology and the pathogenesis of MS has been extensively investigated, no single pathway, reliable biomarker, diagnostic test, or specific treatment have yet been identified for all MS patients. One of the reasons behind this failure is likely to be the wide heterogeneity observed within the MS population. The clinical course of MS is highly variable and includes several subcategories and variants. Moreover, apart from the well-established association with the HLA-class II DRB1*15:01 allele, other genetic variants have been shown to vary significantly across different populations and individuals. Finally both pathological and immunological studies suggest that different pathways may be active in different MS patients. We conclude that these “MS subtypes” should still be considered as part of the same disease but hypothesize that spatiotemporal effects of genetic and environmental agents differentially influence MS course. These considerations are extremely relevant, as outcome prediction and personalised medicine represent the central aim of modern research.
Treatment of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Insulin Detemir, a Long-Acting Insulin Analog
Authors: Young Jason R. , Mcadam-Marx Carrie
Published: December 2010

Insulin detemir is a long-acting basal insulin approved for use in patients with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Insulin detemir has demonstrated equivalent glycemic control and hypoglycemic risk when compared to insulin glargine, and insulin detemir has generally but not consistently demonstrated less weight gain than insulin glargine in T2DM. The benefits of basal insulin analogs relative to NPH insulin are well recognized, including less FBG variability, lower risk of hypoglycemia, and less weight gain specifically with insulin detemir. However, NPH insulin continues to be widely prescribed, which may be due in part to economic considerations. While NPH insulin generally costs less per prescription, insulin detemir has been shown to be cost effective compared to NPH insulin as well as insulin glargine. Therefore, insulin detemir is an effective option from both clinical and economic perspectives for patients with T1DM or T2DM who require basal insulin to achieve glycemic control.
DNA Barcodes of Arabian Partridge and Philby's Rock Partridge: Implications for Phylogeny and Species Identification
Authors: Khan Haseeb Ahmad , Arif Ibrahim Abdulwahid , Shobrak Mohammad
Published: December 2010

Recently, DNA barcoding based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) has gained wide attention because of simplicity and robustness of these barcodes for species identification including birds. The current GenBank records show the COI barcodes of only one species, chukar partridge ( Alectoris chukar), of the Alectoris genus. In this study, we sequenced the 694 bp segment of COI gene of the two species including, Arabian partridge ( Alectoris melanocephala) and Philby's rock partridge ( Alectoris philbyi) of the same genus. We also compared these sequences with earlier published barcodes of chukar partridge. The pair-wise sequence comparison showed a total of 53 variable sites across all the 9 sequences from 3 species. Within-species variable sites were found to be 4 ( Alectoris chukar), 0 ( Alectorisphilbyi) and 3 ( Alectoris melanocephala). The genetic distances among the 9 individuals varied from 0.000 to 0.056. Phylogenetic analysis using COI barcodes clearly discriminated the 3 species, while Alectoris chukar was found to be more closely related to Alectoris philbyi. Similar differentiation was also observed using 1155 bp mitochondrial control region (CR) sequences suggesting the efficiency of COI gene for phylogenetic reconstruction and interspecific identification. This is the first study reporting the barcodes of Arabian partridge and Philby's rock partridge.
Some remarks on orbit sets of unimodular rows
Authors: Fasel Jean
Published: December 2010

Let

A

be a

d

-dimensional smooth algebra over a perfect field of characteristic not

2

. Let

\mathrm{U}m_{n+1}(A)/\mathrm{E}_{n+1}(A)

be the set of unimodular rows of length

n + 1

up to elementary transformations. If

n ≥ (d + 2)/2

, it carries a natural structure of group as discovered by van der Kallen. If

n = d ≥ 3

, we show that this group is isomorphic to a cohomology group

H^d(A,G^{d+1})

. This extends a theorem of Morel, who showed that the set

\mathrm{U}m_{d+1}(A)/\mathrm{SL}_{d+1}(A)

is in bijection with

H^d(A,G^{d+1})/\mathrm{SL}_{d+1}(A)

. We also extend this theorem to the case

d = 2

. Using this, we compute the groups

\mathrm{U}m_{d+1}(A)/\mathrm{E}_{d+1}(A)

when

A

is a real algebra with trivial canonical bundle and such that

\mathrm{Spec} (A)

is rational. We then compute the groups

\mathrm{U}m_{d+1}(A)/\mathrm{SL}_{d+1}(A)

when

d

is even, thus obtaining a complete description of stably free modules of rank

d

on these algebras. We also deduce from our computations that there are no stably free non free modules of top rank over the algebraic real spheres of dimension

3

and

7

.
Formal deformations and their categorical general fibre
Authors: Huybrechts Daniel , Macrì Emanuele , Stellari Paolo
Published: December 2010

We study the general fibre of a formal deformation over the formal disk of a projective variety from the view point of abelian and derived categories. The abelian category of coherent sheaves of the general fibre is constructed directly from the formal deformation and is shown to be linear over the field of Laurent series. The various candidates for the derived category of the general fibre are compared.

If the variety is a surface with trivial canonical bundle, we show that the derived category of the general fibre is again a linear triangulated category with a Serre functor given by the square of the shift functor. The paper is a companion to [9], where the results are applied to Fourier–Mukai equivalences of K3 surfaces.
Mom technology and volumes of hyperbolic 3-manifolds
Authors: Gabai David , Meyerhoff Robert , Milley Peter
Published: December 2010

This paper introduces
Mom technology
to understand low volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds; it is used in [GMM3] and [M1] to show that the Weeks manifold is the unique closed orientable hyperbolic 3-manifold of least volume. Here we enumerate the hyperbolic Mom-

n

manifolds for

n ≤ 3

, offer a conjectural enumeration when

n = 4

, and establish important technical results about embedding hyperbolic Mom-

n

manifolds into hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
Parametric Study on Transverse Vibration of Thin Rectangular Plate with Bonded Elastic Patch
Authors: Tyagi Amit , Ghosh M. K.
Published: December 2010

In this work, transverse vibration of a thin rectangular plate with bonded high density and high modulus patch has been undertaken with simply supported boundary conditions at its edges. Plate material properties, patch thickness and patch area influence the transverse vibration of the host plate. Therefore, these effects must be accounted to correctly determine the natural frequencies of the plate in transverse vibration. The equation of motion for transverse vibration of the plate has been derived by taking into account of the patch material elasticity in the moment and force equations. The displacement function of the transverse vibration has been represented by a double Fourier series to solve the equation of motion for a composite plate with bonded elastic patch. Influence of dimensionless material and geometry parameters on the natural frequencies of the composite plate have been investigated. For material parameters, the flexural rigidity ratio and density ratio of the patch and the host plate have been considered. For geometrical parameters, area ratio and thickness ratio of the patch and the host plate have been considered. The location of the bonded elastic patch has been offset to study the influence of geometry on the modal frequencies. It has been found that these parameters significantly influence the modal frequencies. The results have shown that the shift in the fundamental mode frequency for the case of a central patch is larger than that of the offset patch. For a given area of the patch, the modal frequencies first increase and then decrease for an increase in the patch thickness.
Integrated Control and Regulated DC Supply with High Power Quality for Automotive Applications
Authors: Hammad Nabil
Published: December 2010

Power electronics based power systems are being increasingly used in the transportation systems such as land, sea/undersea, air, and space vehicles due to their advantages in efficiency, performance, flexibility, and power density. In order to have superior performance, the rectifier-converter systems need to be rigorously regulated. The DC power supply is an important aspect for the automotive industries because of its use for a wide range of loads and is mandatory for charging the battery. However, DC power supplies experience many problems such as poor power factor, high input current harmonics distortion and un-controlled DC voltage. In this paper, an integrated control scheme is proposed for regulated DC power supply with high power quality for automotive applications. The proposed control scheme consists of two nested loops with a feedback of DC voltage and input current and a feed forward of the output power supply. An improved input power factor correction with a low input current total harmonics distortion has been used to model the power system using a combined control system. The proposed control scheme achieves nearly unity power factor with a minimum input current total harmonics distortion and able to supply regulated DC voltage with high power quality.
Active Control of Crack Propagation in Laminated Composite Plate Embedded with Piezoelectric Material
Authors: Sundaravadivel M. , Dhanaraj R.
Published: December 2010

The concept of using piezoelectric materials with structural elements is to monitor the behavior of the structure when it is subjected to a load. This paper describes a kind of self repairing structures by integrating the piezoelectric patch with laminated composite plate. The coupled character of mechanical and electrical behavior of piezoelectric material will be used to sense the deformation in the material and actuate it to resist the deformation when subjected to a load. The fatigue behavior of the laminated composite plate is studied for the cyclic bending load by experiment. Mathematical simulation is carried out using finite element method. The test specimen is prepared from a glass/epoxy laminated composite plate. The laminate is constructed as cross-ply with 50:50 fiber/matrix. The alternating stresses are derived from the tensile and three point flexure tests. The fatigue behavior is studied for the constant amplitude displacement at three different stress levels. Based on the fatigue characteristics observed from the experiments, the laminate without and with piezoelectric patch are simulated using finite element method. The simulation results for laminated composite plate with piezoelectric patch has shown a considerable increase in the fatigue life cycles.
Modeling Abstractions of Vehicle Suspension Systems Supporting the Rigid Body Analysis
Authors: Liu Yucheng
Published: December 2010

It is possible to use architecture concept models for CAE analyses supporting the design and optimization of a vehicle's general layout prior to the time consuming and expensive preparation of detailed models. Suspension system, including kinematic linkages, compliance and damping elements, wheels, tires, and brakes, plays a key role in determining whether the basic layout of a vehicle is suitable for given application. This paper presents an appropriate set of architecture level abstractions for suspension systems that can be incorporated into full vehicle concept models. These modeling abstractions provide abstract representations of a wide variety of suspension system configurations that illustrate both geometric and functional properties without resorting to high-fidelity solid model renderings of parts using details that simply do not exist this early in the design process. The architecture concept suspension model presented in this study can be used for vehicles rigid body analysis.
Synthesis of Equivalent Load Conditions for Military Vehicles
Authors: Braccesi Claudio , Cianetti Filippo , Silvioni Luca
Published: December 2010

The aim of this paper was the identification of the load conditions to consider during the design and assessment of military vehicles. This meant identifying test tracks and their corresponding ground speeds and track lengths, and to define their combinations that are useful to simulate the load spectrum representing the system/component life in an accelerated way. The result of this activity was the development of a formulation for the synthesis of a single power spectrum density function (PSD) representing multiple load conditions expressed by a set of PSD functions. This function is equivalent in terms of damage to the given PSD functions set. Another important result was the definition of a virtual test ring, equivalent to those defined in standards for equipment and supplies, but useful for the virtual check of the military vehicle integrity. This new formulation and the proposed test ring intend to supply tools that would be very useful in the early phases of vehicle design and assessment. In order to verify these results, numerical and experimental analyses of a generic military vehicle were undertaken. Results demonstrated the validity of the load synthesis formulation and the load combination that are useful for the assessment of military vehicle durability.
Enhancements of gravity wave amplitudes at midlatitudes during sudden stratospheric warmings in 2008
Authors: Flury T. , Hocke K. , Kämpfer N. , Wu D. L.
Published: December 2010

Abstract. Two minor and one major stratospheric warming happened in January and February 2008 when the polar vortex was shifted toward midlatitudes. The analysis of temperature profiles from radiosondes in Payerne (Switzerland) during this period reveals an enhancement of gravity wave amplitudes between 25 and 30 km altitude especially during the two minor warmings around 20 January and 1 February. Increases of gravity wave amplitudes in the mid-stratosphere are associated with a strong tropopause jet and the presence of the polar vortex edge over Switzerland.
Modelling of nitrogen turnover and leaching in Saxony
Authors: Gebel M. , Halbfaß S. , Bürger S. , Friese H. , Naumann S.
Published: December 2010

Abstract. From 2005 to 2009 we modelled the input of nitrogen and phosphorus in waters in the area of the Federal State of Saxony (Germany). The model results are an important component in elucidating the present situation of nutrient loads in groundwater and surface water as well as its future development. The present contribution focuses on the modelling of diffuse nitrogen leaching on arable land. Processes of mobilization and immobilization of nitrogen are included in the modelling. They will be estimated as induced by the respective types of fruit, management practices and local conditions. Source areas can be derived using the relationship of nitrogen sources (mobilization, deposition) and sinks (immobilization, denitrification) on the regional scale.
Anxiety Associated With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder—The Role of Quantitative Electro- encephalograph in Diagnosis and in Guiding Neurofeedback Training to Remediate the Anxiety
Authors: Walker Jonathan E.
Published: December 2010

The literature regarding neurofeedback treatment of anxiety associated with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is reviewed. The results of quantitative electroencephalograph (QEEG) guided neurofeedback training for anxiety in nineteen PTSD patients is analyzed, along with the change in anxiety in four control patients who did not do neurofeedback. Those who did neurofeedback training experienced clinically significant reductions in anxiety, whereas there was no significant change in anxiety in the control group. QEEG-guided neurofeedback appears to be effective in a higher percentage of patients than non–QEEG-guided training in increasing alpha and theta, based on results in the published literature.
The Special Applicability of the Low Energy Neurofeedback System Form of Neurofeedback to Traumatic Brain Injury: I. The Theory
Authors: Larsen H. Stephen
Published: December 2010

Each year, 1.5 million Americans suffer head injuries, and many of these injuries go untreated, while mainstream medicine uses powerful diagnostic tools and weak therapeutic ones. Neither psychopharmacology, behavioral, nor psychotherapeutic therapies hold much promise, and the symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are often misunderstood and misdiagnosed. Neurofeedback, with its EEG-based diagnostic approach and its therapies aimed at redirecting neural processing, seems ideally suited for therapy with TBI, but of the traditional neurofeedback paradigms (some going high and some low in their desired training frequencies), there is no one size that fits all. However, the flexibility bestowed by the Low Energy Neurofeedback System (LENS) form of neurofeedback breaks through entrenched maladaptive patterns and opens new possibilities for sufferers of TBI. The success of the LENS approach shows the efficiency of a specific cutting-edge technique and the efficacy of neurofeedback in general as a therapeutic modality.
The Rehabilitation of a Traumatic Brain Injury With the Coordinated Allocation of Resource Model
Authors: Thornton Kirtley
Published: December 2010

A case analysis of a person with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is presented in detail. The analysis employs the coordination allocation of resource (CAR) model of brain functioning and the activation quantitative EEG analysis of brain response patterns. This model states that individual cognitive tasks involve specific frequencies and locations for successful performance and employs a flashlight metaphor for conceptualization of spectral correlation coefficient relationships between locations. The employment of this model in this specific case resulted in dramatic improvements in auditory memory (+5.4 standard deviations) as well as other improvements in cognitive functioning, albeit not all cognitive functioning skills.
Integrating Biofeedback Into a Pediatric Neuroscience Department
Authors: Christie Nancy H.
Published: December 2010

Biofeedback for pediatric headache has been well established over the past 25 years. Biofeedback has traditionally been practiced and applied in hospitals, pain clinics, chemical dependency facilities, universities, and private practices. The purpose of this article is to share the author's experience working in a children's medical center in the neuroscience division and to encourage readers to pursue work in untapped, high-potential settings that could greatly benefit from this vital service. This article will detail how biofeedback has been used and integrated into a pediatric neurology clinic.
The Biofeedback Program at Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics
Authors: Grayson Paula
Published: December 2010

The following article provides a description of the history and development of the biofeedback-assisted relaxation training (BART) program at Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics. Biofeedback is an integral component of the multidisciplinary Abdominal Pain and Integrative Pain Management programs. A description of currently employed biofeedback-assisted relaxation training protocols, including alternative training tools (e.g., novel biofeedback games) intended to improve practice compliance is provided. Finally, biofeedback implementation strategies and barriers are considered also.
Depression, Love, Happiness, and the Quantitative Electroencephalography in a Single Case Study
Authors: Thornton Kirtley E. , Carmody Dennis P.
Published: December 2010

The relations between the emotions and the brain's functioning have been the subject of scientific investigation over the past decade. This report continues this investigation in a single case study that required the subject to evoke different emotional states (happiness, love, depression) and rate the emotional states on an intensity scale while brain activity was monitored by quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). The variations in brain activation patterns in these evoked emotional states indicated a predominant QEEQ activation of the beta2 (32–64 Hz) frequency range for all emotional states, with specificity of left hemisphere and temporal lobe activation for happiness and right hemisphere for depression. The response pattern also indicated a greater activation of central and posterior locations for the emotional states.
Practical Anatomy and Physiology: The Skeletal Muscle System
Authors: Shaffer Fred , Neblett Randy
Published: December 2010

This article is the first in a series that summarizes the essential anatomy and physiology of the body systems that are trained in biofeedback and neurofeedback. This article examines the skeletal muscle system, the types of skeletal muscle fibers, motor units, muscle action potentials, the surface electromyographic signal, muscle contraction, sensory-motor integration, and practical recommendations for beginning biofeedback professionals.
Static Surface Electromyography and Neuromuscular Reeducation
Authors: Sella Gabriel E.
Published: December 2010

Static surface electromyography can provide an objective test of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar posterior areas that needs to be performed within a clear clinical or ergonomic context. It is of great help in postural assessment in the standing position in people with healthy backs or postural dysfunctions. The author has devised a protocol that allows statistically based treatment and more valid clinical interpretation. Most often, static surface electromyography is a necessary precursor to dynamic surface electromyography of any area of clinical concern. When appropriate, neuromuscular reeducation with surface electromyography biofeedback can be performed to improve resting tonus dysfunctions observed on the static surface electromyography testing.
The Promise and the Limits of Biofeedback-Assisted Rehabilitation Following Stroke
Authors: Rosenthal Ronald
Published: December 2010

Surface electromyography for the treatment of stroke patients has fallen into disfavor in recent years. This paper reviews some of the history of electromyographic biofeedback for stroke and discusses some of the factors contributing to its decline. Data from a stroke patient are presented to illustrate some of the difficulties in working with this population.
Phil Zimbardo Remembers Neal Miller
Authors: Zimbardo Philip
Published: December 2010

Philip Zimbardo reports on his experiences with Neal Miller during Zimbardo's graduate student years at Yale. He describes Miller's classroom teaching, his role as mentor for his students' research, and his dedication to the research process. He reports that even a dinner conversation with Miller could generate a new experimental paradigm.
Paralysis, Scoliosis, and Learning: A Tribute to My Friend Neal Miller
Authors: Birbaumer Niels
Published: December 2010

Niels Birbaumer provides personal reflections on the life and work of Neal Miller, including his pioneering laboratory investigations of visceral learning. He also describes Miller's study of psychoanalysis in Vienna, and Miller's efforts to translate the concepts of psychoanalysis into the language of learning theory.
A New Improved Universally Accepted Official Definition of Biofeedback: Where Did It Come From? Why? Who Did It? Who Is It for? What's Next?
Authors: Schwartz Mark S.
Published: December 2010

The Task Force on Nomenclature was commissioned in 2007 by the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, the Biofeedback Certification Institute of America, and the International Society for Neurofeedback and Research to develop an updated official definition of biofeedback. The article describes the task force participants and the process and publishes the task force's definition of biofeedback, which was approved by the three participating professional organizations.
A Report on the Work of the AAPB Foundation for Education and Research in Biofeedback and Related Sciences and Its 2010 Student Research Awards
Authors: Ewing Aubrey K.
Published: December 2010

The Foundation for Education and Research in Biofeedback and Related Sciences (FERB), more commonly known as the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (AAPB) Foundation, was chartered in 1985 to support biofeedback-related research and disseminate information about the field to professionals and the public. In 2010, FERB awarded three graduate student research grants and additional travel and tuition scholarships in support of student attendance at the AAPB Annual Conference, totaling over $8,000. FERB continues in its mission to fund biofeedback research and promote its clinical efficacy and use as a health care alternative.
Erworbenes von-Willebrand-Syndrom Typ 2A als Begleiterscheinung eines Dialyseshunts?
Authors: Bach F. , Kuhlmann S. , Feidicker B. , Heim M. U. , Susemihl C. , Schmidt B. , Mertzlufft F. , Leimkühler K.
Published: December 2010

Acquired von Willebrand’s disease (aVWD) is considered to be an underestimated cause of unexplained bleeding. Adsorption of von Willebrand factor (VWF) to tumour cells or hydroxyethyl starch and elimination of VWF by autoantibodies as well as shear stress-induced mechanical alteration of VWF with concomitant cleavage by enzymes may lead to an acquired deficiency of VWF and a bleeding disorder.

We report a 39-year-old woman who developed spontaneous bleeding five years after surgical creation of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for haemodialysis treatment. AVWD type 2A was diagnosed after successful renal transplantation. One year after surgical closure of the AVF, the aVWD could not be verified again. Thus, the aVWD may have developed because of altered blood flow and shear stress inside the arteriovenous fistula.
Bewertung des Rezidivthrombose-risikos venöser Thromboembolien
Authors: Lindhoff-Last E.
Published: December 2010

Recurrent venous thromboembolism is associated with increased mortality in 5–9% of the patients. On the other hand prolonged anticoagulation can increase the bleeding risk which can also be responsible for an increased mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to validate the recurrence risk of venous thromboembolism on an individual basis.

In this review the most relevant risk factors for recurrent venous thromboembolism are analyzed. Spontaneous thrombosis is associated with significantly increased recurrence rates in comparison to risk associated venous thrombosis. In addition, a positive D-dimer result after stop of anticoagulation, an increased amount of residual thrombus in proximal veins analyzed by compression sonography, a proximal localization of thrombosis, symptomatic pulmonary embolism and male sex are clinically relevant risk factors for increased recurrence rates. While mild thrombophilic defects like heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation are not associated with a clinically relevant recurrence risk, inherited inhibitor deficiencies and the anti-phospholipid-syndrome are known to be responsible for an increased recurrence rate of venous thromboembolism. A new recurrence risk-score (RR-Score) for individual judgement of patients with a first spontaneous venous thrombosis is introduced.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cascade N‐ and C(3)‐Dialkylation of Cyclic Amines with Alcohols Involving Hydrogen Autotransfer Processes
Authors: Sundararaju Basker , Tang Zhou , Achard Mathieu , Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Toupet Loïc , Bruneau Christian
Published: December 2010

An unprecented N‐ and C(3)‐dialkylation of unactivated amines by a cascade reaction via borrowing hydrogen methodology using new (arene)ruthenium(II) complexes featuring phosphinosulfonate ligands is described. This reaction is highly regioselective and produces water as the only side product.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Strecker Synthesis of α‐Quaternary α‐Trifluoromethyl Amino Acids
Authors: Enders Dieter , Gottfried Katharina , Raabe Gerhard
Published: December 2010

The first organocatalytic enantioselective Strecker synthesis of α‐quaternary α‐trifluoromethylated amino acids has been developed. Employing Takemoto’s thiourea catalyst the nucleophilic addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to trifluoromethyl ketimines affords α‐amino nitriles in good to excellent yields (50–99%) and very good enantioselectivities (ee=83–95%). The enantiopure amino nitriles can be obtained by recrystallization. Deprotection and hydrolysis leads to the title amino acids.
(Cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Decarboxylative Allylic Etherification of Allyl Aryl and Alkyl Carbonates
Authors: Austeri Martina , Linder David , Lacour Jérôme
Published: December 2010

(Cyclopentadienyl)tris(acetonitrile)ruthenium hexafluorophosphate {[CpRu(NCMe)3][PF6]} or (cyclopentadienyl)(η6‐naphthalene)ruthenium hexafluorophosphate {[CpRu(η6‐naphthalene)][PF6]} in combination with a pyridine oxazoline ligand efficiently catalyze the decarboxylative allylic rearrangement of allyl aryl carbonates. Good levels of regio‐ and enantioselectivity are obtained. Starting from enantioenriched secondary carbonates, the reaction is stereospecific and the corresponding allylic ethers are obtained with net retention of configuration. An intermolecular version of this transformation was also developed using allyl alkyl carbonates as substrates. Conditions were found to obtain the corresponding products with similar selectivity as in the intramolecular process. Through the use of a hemi‐labile hexacoordinated phosphate counterion, a zwitterionic air‐ and moisture‐stable chiral ruthenium complex was synthesized and used in the enantioselective etherification reactions. This highly lipophilic metal complex can be recovered and efficiently reused in subsequent catalysis runs.
Synthesis of Dienes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Couplings of Tosylhydrazones with Aryl and Alkenyl Halides
Authors: Barluenga José , Tomás‐Gamasa María , Aznar Fernando , Valdés Carlos
Published: December 2010

Two different combinations of coupling partners can be employed for the synthesis of conjugated dienes by palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling with tosylhydrazones: α,β‐unsaturated ketone and aryl halide or alkenyl halide and non‐conjugated tosylhydrazone. Depending on the substrate, a vinylogous hydride elimination is responsible for the formation of the final dienes.
Estradiol‐induced antinociceptive responses on formalin‐induced nociception are independent of COX and HPA activation
Authors: Hunter Deirtra A. , Barr Gordon A. , Amador Nicole , Shivers Kai‐Yvonne , Kemen Lynne , Kreiter Christopher M. , Jenab Shirzad , Inturrisi Charles E. , Quinones‐Jenab Vanya
Published: December 2010

Estrogen modulates pain perception but how it does so is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine if estradiol reduces nociceptive responses in part via hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1/COX‐2 activity. The first study examined the effects of estradiol (20%) or vehicle with concurrent injection nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on formalin‐induced nociceptive responding (flinching) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The drugs were ibuprofen (COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibitor), SC560 (COX‐1 inhibitor), or NS398 (COX‐2 inhibitor). In a second study, estradiol's effects on formalin‐induced nociception were tested in adrenalectomized (ADX), OVX, and ADX+OVX rats. Serum levels of prostaglandins (PG) PGE2 and corticosterone were measured. Estradiol significantly decreased nociceptive responses in OVX rats with effects during both the first and the second phase of the formalin test. The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) did not alter nociception at the doses used here. Adrenalectomy neither altered flinching responses in female rats nor reversed estradiol‐induced antinociceptive responses. Estradiol alone had no effect on corticosterone (CORT) or prostaglandin levels after the formalin test, dissociating the effects of estradiol on behavior and these serum markers. Ibuprofen and NS398 significantly reduced PGE2 levels. CORT was not decreased by OVX surgery or by estradiol below that of ADX. Only IBU significantly increased corticosterone levels. Taken together, our results suggest that estradiol‐induced antinociception in female rats is independent of COX activity and HPA axis activation. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.