bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of "ADAB" to Hearing Impaired Student as Learning Innovation in the Data and Text Mining Course, Information System Distance Learning, Binus Online Learning
Authors: Prasandy Teguh , Nurlaila Ika , Titan Titan , Lena Lena
Published: March 2020

Nothwithstanding every human being’s wish to be born perfect both physically andemotionally, some have no luck being born with physical barriers, further re-ferred as persons with disabilities. The disabilities can take a form as hearing im-paired. We, at Distance Education Binus Online Learning (BOL), were keen to observe the implementation of ADAB (Ayo Dengar Ayo Bicara) To Connect ap-plication for hearing-impaired students in video conference sessions. The current study was aimed at seeking learning model innovations in data and text mining courses as well as measuring impacts of ADAB to Connect application to hear-ing-impaired students’ academic performances. It was observed that by imple-menting the application, the students’ academic performance was elevated to 90%. We, therefore, are convinced that this learning innovation worths further study and improvisation
Knowledge Structure Analysis on Educational Technology Based on Citation Analysis
Authors: Liu Junxiao , Meng Xiangzeng , Chen Changsheng
Published: March 2020

Educational technology is a new subject that integrates the merits of multiple disciplines. Under the trend of interdisciplinary integration, it is very meaningful to explore the knowledge exchange between disciplines, clarify the structure of each discipline, and thus promote the development of educational technology. Extracting data from eight core journals on educational technology, this paper investigates the integration between educational technology and other disciplines from the perspectives of references and citations. The disciplines were divided by the standard of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The results show that: educational technology has a stable disciplinary structure, featuring a high self-citation rate (i.e. the tendency to cite the literature within the discipline); educational technology has frequent knowledge exchanges with pedagogy-related disciplines, and exerts a major impact on the other secondary disciplines of pedagogy; educational technology actively absorbs the knowledge of other disciplines, and communicates frequently with external disciplines like psychology, computer science, library and information science.
A Hybrid Approach for 3D Lung Segmentation in CT Images Using Active Contour and Morphological Operation
Authors: Sahu Satya Praksh , Kamble Bhawna
Published: March 2020

Lung segmentation is the initial step for detection and diagnosis for lung-related abnormalities and disease. In CAD system for lung cancer, this step traces the boundary for the pulmonary region from thorax in CT images. It decreases the overhead for a further step in CAD system by reducing the space for finding the ROIs. The major issue and challenging task for the segmentation is the inclusion of juxtapleural nodules in the segmented lungs. The chapter attempts 3D lung segmentation of CT images using active contour and morphological operations. The major steps in the proposed approach contain: preprocessing through various techniques, Otsu's thresholding for the binarizing the image; morphological operations are applied for elimination of undesired region and, finally, active contour for the segmentation of the lungs in 3D. For experiment, 10 subjects are taken from the public dataset of LIDC-IDRI. The proposed method achieved accuracies 0.979 Jaccard's similarity index value, 0.989 Dice similarity coefficient, and 0.073 volume overlap error when compared to ground truth.
A Swift Kick
Authors: Rekun Mikhail Sergeyevich
Published: March 2020

This chapter examines the unusually swift downturn in Russo-Bulgarian relations between 1879 and 1883. In 1879, relations between the two countries were unusually good, founded on a basis of mutual sympathy, geopolitical necessity, and strong administrative ties. By 1883, however, a series of lapses in Russian diplomatic practice damaged Russo-Bulgarian relations to the point that all of Bulgaria's political elite was united in opposition to the Russians, and by 1886 diplomatic relations were severed altogether. This chapter examines three incidents in particular – the Titles Controversy of late 1879/early 1880, the Coup of 1881, and the tenure of Generals L. N. Sobolev and A. V. Kaul'bars in 1882-1883. Ultimately, this chapter demonstrates how flawed diplomatic practice may result in undesirable foreign policy outcomes.
The Cosmic Microwave Background
Authors: Teoh Hui Chieh
Published: March 2020

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) holds many secrets of the origin and the evolution of our universe. This ancient radiation was created shortly after the Big Bang, when the expanding universe cooled and became transparent, sending an afterglow of light in all directions. It is a pattern frozen in place that dates back to 375,000 years after the birth of the universe. Numerous experiments and space missions have made increasingly higher resolution maps of the CMB radiation, with the aims to learn more about the conditions of our early universe and the origin of stars, galaxies, and the large-scale cosmic structures that populate our universe today.
Investigations Into Slum Tourism
Authors: Privitera Donatella
Published: March 2020

This article aims at providing a deep understanding of various aspects of inquiry related to slum tourism or poverty tourism. The visit of favela or slum into a destination is a complex and challenging practice. Touring the poor is increasingly and variously organized by tour operators, local slum communities, and non-governmental organizations. The slum has joined the real of attractions, a sight to see. The research uses a qualitative approach to explore slum tourism in general as well as case study. The Web's effect on tourism is obviously rather important. Moreover, taking “Reality Tours and Travel” - a operator slum websites - as a case, this study attempts to explore issues of the quality of strategic choices on the web. Whilst academic discussion on the theme is evolving rapidly, slum tourism on the web is still a relatively young area of research.
Holistic Technical Solutions to Enhance Accessible Tourism in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Authors: Piechotka Anna Pawlikowska , Lukasik Natalia , Tryzno Anna Ostrowska , Piechotka Maciej , Sawicka Karolina
Published: March 2020

The aim of this chapter is to present current accessibility to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites on the example of Cracow and Warsaw, the most popular historical cities in Poland. The disabled represent a significant proportion of the cultural tourism group and might have considerable importance to the development of tourist industry. However, their needs are not always met. Especially in Warsaw specific problems for tourists with disabilities include: poor information, inaccessible streets and sidewalks, only partly accessible public transport, hotels or dining places, museums and architectural relics. In Poland tourism development in the heritage sites could be a positive force for generating revenue, enhancing cultural education and helping to preserve the historic values. However, it might be done under condition of re-examining current trends of planning and introducing a universal, holistic design philosophy, innovative technologies enhancing accessibility to all tourist infrastructure, facilities and services.
Environmental protection and Tourism
Authors: Tugjamba Navchaa , Gantumur Amarbayasgalan
Published: March 2020

Mongolia is a unique and relatively unexplored tourism and leisure travel destination. In the world tourism market, the tourism sector offers a great combination of wild natural features, a wide variety of untouched landscapes, historical heritage reserves, and nomadic life style and culture. The Protected Area Network of Mongolia cover over 14.5 percent of the country's territory and has become major destinations for rapidly growing tourism and recreational activities for its natural beauty, rare species of wildlife and historical and cultural heritage sites. Orkhon valley National Park (OVNP) is one of Mongolian main tourism destinations regarding to natural beautiful landscape and including numerous cultural and historical remains and sites. Thus, promoting sustainable tourism development to improve local livelihoods based on the nomadic lifestyle and protection of land with natural wilderness, watersheds, important biodiversity, historical and cultural heritage and rare remains is challenging in the national park.
Experience Marketing and Tourism
Authors: Bregoli Ilenia
Published: March 2020

Tourism is acknowledged to be highly experiential in nature, but despite these characteristics, in the tourism literature there are few articles that adopt the Service-Dominant logic (S-D logic) for studying tourism experiences. The aim of this paper is to apply the S-D logic to the case of Addiopizzo Travel, a Mafia-free project of responsible tourism set up in Sicily, Italy. Results show the role of Addiopizzo Travel as a central node of the network of firms involved in the project and the role that interactions among Addiopizzo Travel, stakeholders, and visitors have in the co-creation of tourists' experience.
Does Religiosity Affect Multidimensional Poverty?
Evidence from World Values Survey (2010-2014)
Authors: Salman Syed Ali Salman Syed Ali
Published: March 2020

Based on macro-level observations that high religiosity is associated with lower economic growth, it is generally assumed that religiosity
contributes to poverty. However, this conjecture may not be true because
religion provides motivation to the poor, encourages cooperation in society, and
influences preferences and habits in ways that could help reduce poverty. The
present paper uses data from World Values Survey (WVS) covering 52
countries and 74,042 individuals, to construct a measure of multidimensional
poverty based on deprivation counting approach and a measure of religiosity
based on faith deprivation. It then addresses three questions: (a) Is religiosity
similar among multidimensional-poor and non-poor? (b) Are there any differences in dimensions of deprivations among high religiosity and low religiosity
people? (c) What is the impact of religiosity on multidimensional poverty? It
finds that higher religiosity is associated with lower multidimensional poverty;
faith-poor are more deprived in their protections of intellect and posterity than
protections of life and wealth. A decrease in religiosity increases multidimensional poverty. An implication of the study is that a religious society would be
less poor even if its economic growth is slow.
Islamic and Conventional Economics – Dialogue and Ethics
Authors: Muhammad Anas Zarqa Muhammad Anas Zarqa
Published: March 2020

Dialogue and intellectual trade between Islamic economics and
conventional economics has been active and mutually beneficial for more than 40
years. I present some concrete examples of this in the current paper. I then assess recent
calls for a complete break of Islamic economics with conventional economics, and find
them clearly inconsistent with Islam’s actual approach to culture and institutions in preIslamic Arabia. The Islamic approach shuns blanket acceptance or rejection of any
piece of human knowledge, and calls for detailed case by case assessment, then
adoption, rejection, or acceptance after modification. The Islamic approach also insists
on severability wherever possible, to salvage good parts from a bad whole. One
particular argument for total break from conventional economics, is its assumption of
selfishness of economic agents. I demonstrate that this is an overreaction by giving
specific examples of Muslim jurist’s nuanced view of selfishness (or self-interest):
when acceptable, when discouraged, and when completely prohibited. I conclude that
from an Islamic point of view, a break with conventional economics is not justified.
Continued engagement with conventional economics is necessary and mutually
beneficial, provided due attention is given to: (a) the non-selfish sectors, and (b) to
behavioral and institutional reforms. Finally, the paper comments on ethics in
conventional economics and Islamic economics.
Islamic Microfinance and Rehabilitation Model for the
Slum and Floating Population by Waqf Funds, the Case of Bangladesh:
A Proposal for Muslim Countries
Authors: Basharat Hossain Basharat Hossain
Published: March 2020

This paper designs a conceptual model of Islamic microfinance and
rehabilitation by using the waqf funds for the slum and floating population. It analyzes
both the primary and the secondary data on the current status of Islamic microfinance
coverage (in thirteen countries), waqf estates (in seven countries), and the slum and
floating population in thirty five Muslim countries of the world. The primary data was
accumulated on 150 microfinance borrowers and 100 non-borrowers of Bangladesh.
This paper presents a multifunctional structure of an autonomous waqf management
institution to execute the model of this paper. This institution will be formed by the
joint venture of the government, the national, as well as international Islamic agencies.
Furthermore, this model will be implemented through five stages, the revival and
registration of the waqf estate, accumulation of funds, initiating the Islamic
microfinance and rehabilitation for the slum population, and finally, forward linkage
that may help the slum people to contribute to the society.
Financing Afforestation in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation Countries:
What Role for Islamic Economics and Finance?
Authors: Shafiu Ibrahim Abdullahi Shafiu Ibrahim Abdullahi
Published: March 2020

This paper looks at environmental conservation within the growing
understanding of the urgent need to confront the two menaces of desertification and
deforestation through afforestation schemes in the Organization of Islamic
Cooperation (OIC) member countries. Deforestation is one of the main contributors
to global greenhouse gas emissions, ecosystem degradation, and from there the
rising cases of poverty in the developing world. Their impacts on the economy and
environment of OIC member countries has been devastating. Desertification and
deforestation are caused by human activities like logging, harmful farming
practices, as well as haphazard cutting of trees in order to make way for city
buildings and farms. The paper shows that poor handling of past responses to
desertification problems can be solved with the right approaches. It first looks at
existing approaches to the problem and causes of their failure. Then, it proposes an
alternative model based on fiqh teachings and recent developments in Islamic
economics and finance. The paper syntheses conventional and Islamic approaches
towards solving the problems of desertification, deforestation, and rising
temperatures in the OIC countries. It delineates specific functions and contributions
of each one of (a) the Islamic state, (b) the institution of waqf, (c) Islamic finance,
and (d) the Islamic firm.
Valentino Cattelan (Editor)
Islamic Social Finance:
Entrepreneurship, Cooperation and the Sharing Economy
Routledge, London, 2018, 238 pages, ISBN: 978-1-13-828030-4
Authors: Abderrazak Belabes Abderrazak Belabes
Published: March 2020

The aim of this review is to discuss the notion of Islamic social finance, or
what social finance is according to some researchers in Islamic finance, and the
theoretical corpus on which it is based, as discussed in the book, both on the conceptual
(tawḥīdī paradigm) and teleological (maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah) levels. This review goes
beyond the approach that Islamic social finance refers to the social dimension of
entrepreneurship financed Islamically, as advocated in the book. With reference to
specialized literature in social and solidarity economy, it is argued that the object of
social finance should focus on how social organizations – primarily awqāf which dates
back to ancient times – provide funding to continue to play a role in societies. This
means that the waqf is more than a simple financing instrument or financial
engineering tool, and that the financial aspect is not the only or the main resource in the
life of societies. Waqf, and all other social institutions, feed above all on the social link
which is an inestimable treasure and provides protection for life. Would we exchange
that which is better (social relationship) for that which is lower (māl)?
A Literature Review of Financial Contracting Theory from the Islamic and
Conventional Overviews: Contributions, Gaps, and Perspectives
Authors: Hassanuddeen Abdul Aziz Hassanuddeen Abdul Aziz
Published: March 2020

This paper discusses the financial contracting theory from the conventional
and Islamic perspectives. It provides an overview of the contributions in this field and
discusses the gaps in the literature. In addition, it proposes two relevant approaches
namely the financial contracting enforceability approach and the adverse selection
analysis in order to deal with conflicts of interest among economic agents. The first
approach is meant to assess the contract that maximizes the value of the firm subject to
the enforcement constraint for the agent and the participation constraint for the
principal. The second approach considers an adverse selection framework in order to
determine the principal’s subjective perception of the risk of default when equity and
debt financings are used. Similarly, it suggests avenues for future research. Firstly, it
calls for a deeper understanding of venture capital as a potential model of mushārakah.
Secondly, it puts stress on the importance of examining crowd-funding functioning
from the principal-agent point of view. Thirdly, it sheds some light on the necessity to
yield financial explanation about the excessive use of murābaḥah instead of ijārah. In a
nutshell, we assume that the alternative approaches can be adopted to provide relevant
insights regarding the proposed future researches.
The Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on
US Islamic and Conventional Equity
Authors: Mazhar Hallak Kantakji Mazhar Hallak Kantakji
Published: March 2020

This study explores the influence of economic fundamentals on both
Islamic and conventional equity in the US stock market by applying various methods
of time series techniques focusing on the period from January 1996 to September 2013.
The empirical results show that the exogenous variables are industrial production (IP),
interest rate (T3), and consumer production index (CPI); whereas Islamic stock index
(IS), conventional stock index (CS), and money supply (M2) are endogenous variables.
When IP, T3, or CPI receives a shock, it will deviate from the equilibrium and will
transmit the shock to other variables whereas if IS, CS, or M2 undergoes a shock, the
long-run combination will correct it through the short-run adjustment to the
equilibrium. The empirical findings also reveal a higher impact of industrial production
and lower impact of interest rate on Islamic equity, as compared to conventional
equity. Our results are consistent with the theory that Islamic finance, due to its
effective Sharīʿah screening process, is more prevalent in the real economic sector and
less associated with interest-based activities.
Dialogue on Reform in Mainstream Economics and its
Implications for the Islamic Economics Discipline
Authors: Jack Reardon Jack Reardon
Published: March 2020

While the most recent financial crisis highlighted a myriad of problems
within mainstream economics, the call for reform has been widespread, long-standing,
and deep-seated. This paper reaffirms this call from an historical perspective, with accelerating climate change adding a sense of urgency. Unfortunately, mainstream economics is not capable of self-reformation; instead, it has erected formidable barriers.
Not surprisingly, as this paper highlights, little substantive reform has occurred within
mainstream economics, while the outside urge to reform continues unabated. This paper calls for pluralism as a compelling and necessary (but not sufficient) intellectual
foundation for reform, and concludes by logically pointing to the wisdom of Islamic
economics.
Launching a Revolution, based on Islamic Foundations
Authors: Asad Zaman Asad Zaman
Published: March 2020

Conventional economics is deeply and fundamentally flawed, beyond the
possibility of reform and repair. Its failings in the real world became obvious to all
following the global financial crisis. The root of the problem is the theory of human
behavior represented by “homo economicus”. The idea that short-sighted greed is
“rational” is sheer folly. The theory is maintained in face of overwhelming empirical
evidence to the contrary only because it serves the ideological interests of the rich and
powerful capitalist classes. The philosophy of wealth maximization has led to the
destruction of families, societies, economies, environment, fauna, and flora, as all are
ruthlessly exploited for the creation and maximization of profits. Islamic teachings
created a revolution in world history by promoting a society based on cooperation,
generosity, and social responsibility. These ideas, completely missing from modern
economics, have the same revolutionary potential today. The challenge for the
Muslims today is to demonstrate this potential by translating these ideas into reality.
The Reform Agenda of Mainstream Economics:
Importance, Relevance, and Obstacles for Islamic Economics
Authors: Volker Nienhaus Volker Nienhaus
Published: March 2020

Mainstream economics textbooks focus too much on neoclassical models (with perfect competition as reference model) while the mainstream research
practice is much more diverse and closer to the real world and political issues. Progress was made in microeconomics by new insights particularly from behavioral
and experimental economics and new tools such as simulations and network analysis. In macroeconomics, however, the dominant Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models have structurally failed to predict the global crisis. Their
enhancement by the inclusion of an explicit financial sector is on top of the mainstream reform agenda. Islamic economics may benefit from the innovations in microeconomics, while the macroeconomic reform agenda is of limited relevance as
long as the market share of Islamic finance remains quite low in most Muslim
countries. A dialogue on reform between mainstream and Islamic economics
should take into account that Islamic economists underline the importance of the
Qur’ān and Sunnah as the primary sources of positive and normative knowledge,
while secular mainstream rejects proofs of positive statements by reference to divine sources. This may become a severe methodological obstacle for more pluralism in economics.
Islamic Economics: An Agenda for Intellectual and Institutional Reform
Authors: Mabid Ali Mohamed Mahmoud Al-Jarhi Mabid Ali Mohamed Mahmoud Al-Jarhi
Published: March 2020

This article agrees with Reardon (2019), that economics finds itself in a
predicament caused by the neoclassical school. The dominance of neoclassical
economics and its lack of response to calls for reform has been endemic. Reform must
include both the neoclassical analysis as well as the system of market capitalism it
strives to defend. This paper briefly discusses both aspects of reform. It introduces the
new school of analytical Islamic economics and its agenda to reform both the discipline
and the economic system. The paper enumerates several advantages of Islamic
economics to the economics discipline itself as well as the economy, in addition to
bringing together intellectuals and scholars of economics, both from East and West, in
a more communicative and inclusive group. In addition, the article makes some
proposals towards opening the doors in-between the different schools of thought for
positive as well as enriching intellectual interactions.
Economics: What to Do About an Unreformable Discipline?
Authors: Steve Keen Steve Keen
Published: March 2020

The 2008 crisis was an obvious anomaly for mainstream Neoclassical
economic theory, and yet a decade after the crisis, the Neoclassical school still
dominates the discipline and is largely unchanged. I argue that the separation of
academic economics from the consequences of its empirical failures means that it
is extremely unlikely that academic economics will be reformed. Instead, if change
is to occur within economics, it will likely be led by institutions like central banks
and treasuries which are under at least some pressure to produce useful economic
forecasts. Apart from this, I hold out hope that emerging disciplines such as
complex system analysis will supplant economics itself. I also encourage all
would-be students of economics to join the Rethinking Economics network and
teach themselves non-mainstream economics using the resources of the internet.
Rethinking Islamic Economics
Authors: Mansor Haji Ibrahim Mansor Haji Ibrahim
Published: March 2020

The emergence of Islamic viewpoints on economic issues under the
umbrella of Islamic economics has captivated much interest especially in its practical
manifestation in Islamic banking and finance. In light of the failure of mainstream
economics to address many pressing issues, and hence the need for alternative views,
this paper offers assessments of Islamic economics whether (i) it is relevant to this
need, (ii) it has progressed to the extent that it has been made to become relevant, and
(iii) it is also in need of reform. While I argue that Islamic economics is relevant, it falls
short of expectations on the second issue. The major reasons being: (a) the lack of
progress in Islamic economics theory, (b) the similarity of Islamic economic practices
in the forms of Islamic finance to conventional finance, and (c) its limited ability thus
far to embrace multi-perspective views. On the basis of these, I conclude that Islamic
economics is also in need of reform.
مراجعة في فقه الأسواق والهندسة المالية
Authors: عبدالجبار حمد عبيد السبهاني عبدالجبار حمد عبيد السبهاني
Published: March 2020

: مثَّلت الأسواق المالية إلى جانب المصارف التجارية مؤسسات الوساطة المالية الأكثر أهمية في المجتمعات المختلفة. ويتعين على المجتمعات المسلمة بحكم إيمانها أن تلتزم في أسواقها المالية ومجمل معاملاتها بالضوابط الشرعية. وقد سعت الورقة إلى التحقق من مدى هذا الالتـزام، وشخصت - بعد المراجعة - قصورًا مؤسسيًا وغيبة للقوامة الاجتماعية تسبب في إغفال كلي للنظر في النتائج والمآلات عند تقدير نشاط الأسواق المالية. وشخصت الورقة زيادة على ذلك ميلاً واضحًا نحو الصورية والتَّحَيُّل دمغ مسلك الهندسة المالية "الإسلامية" إذ كثيرًا ما تلجأ إلى الشروط والوعود لبلوغ ما لا تستطيع بلوغه بالعقود. وختمت الورقة ببضع توصيات جاءت تعلية على الاستنتاجات الرئيسة التي خلصت إليها من استقراء حال الأسواق المعاصرة في ضوء الأزمة المالية الأمريكية الأخيرة (2007-2008م).
أثر آليات الحوكمة على ربحية المصارف الإسلامية في دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي خلال الفترة 2005م - 2016م
Authors: عبدالهادي عبدالرحيم طاشكندي عبدالهادي عبدالرحيم طاشكندي
Published: March 2020

: تهدف الدراسة إلى بيان أثر آليات الحوكمة على ربحية المصارف الإسلامية بدول مجلس التعاون الخليجي. واعتمدت الدراسة على عينة مكونة من 24 مصرفًا إسلاميًا في خمس دول من دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي خلال الفترة 2005م-2016م، من خلال تحليل نموذج بيانات السلاسل الزمنية المقطعية الديناميكي باستخدام طريقة العزوم المعممة “Generalized Methods of Moment” ((GMM System، وقد تم استخدام مقياسين للتعبير عن الربحية هما: العائد على الأصول، والعائد على حقوق الملكية. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود علاقة قوية بين متغيرات الحوكمة والربحية للمصارف الإسلامية بدول مجلس التعاون الخليجي؛ حيث وجدت أن عدد أعضاء الهيئة الشرعية تؤثر إيجابًا على ربحية المصارف الإسلامية، بينما نجد أن كلاً من حجم مجلس الإدارة وعدد الأعضاء المستقلين في مجلس الإدارة تؤثر سلبًا على الربحية، كما أظهرت النتائج أن كلاً من حجم المصرف ونسبة كفاية رأس المال والسيولة النقدية ومعدل الفائدة تمثل محددات إيجابية مؤثرة على ربحية المصارف الإسلامية.
عروض الكتب
Authors: لا يوجد لا يوجد
Published: March 2020

من إعدادمجموعةمن المؤلف؈ن ɸم: عبدالرزاقسعيد
بلعباس، عصمت عبداݍݰليم المصطفى، عڴʏ أحمد
الندوي، ɸشام سالم حمزة، وليد المنصف منصور،
الإشراف والتحرʈر: ɸشام سالم حمزة، سنة الɴشر
ُّ الملكعبدالعزʈز). ʇع ُ ɸ1440ـ (2019م)، الناشر: مركز الɴشر العل׿ܣ (جامعة
ً د
ً الكتابمنݤݨا
موجɺا لطلبة ً تدرʉسيا
الماجست؈ف ࢭʏ الأوقاف والعمل اݍݵ؈في. وʈتألف من 228
صفحة
الكفاءة التنافسية ودرء الاحتكار: درس مستفاد من حظر ربا الفضل
Authors: سيف الدين إبراهيم تاج الدين سيف الدين إبراهيم تاج الدين
Published: March 2020

تهدف هذه الورقة إلى مناقشة وتقييم بعض الفرضيات المفسرة لطبيعة الضرر الاقتصادي المرتبط بربا الفضل من خلال منهجية الاقتصاد الإسلامي التي تدعو إلى استنباط مقاصد الشرع، وترجمتها إلى أسس استراتيجية صالحة للمجتمعات المسلمة المعاصرة عبر توظيف مفاهيم وأدوات علم الاقتصاد التقليدي. وقد توصلت الورقة إلى أن فرضية درء الاحتكار وحماية الكفاءة التنافسية في السوق هي الأقرب إلى معقول المعنى في حظر ربا الفضل بناءً على تعليل المذهب المالكي للأصناف الربوية الأربعة (التمر والبر والشعير والملح) بـعلة "الطعمية المقتاتة والمدخرة"، نظرًا إلى قوة الطلب الذي يتميز به الطعام المقتات والمدخر، وتدني مرونته السعرية في الأسواق. ولتعزيز هذه الفرضية بالتحليل الاقتصادي مقابل بعض الفرضيات البديلة التي أشارت إليها دراسات السابقين (منع الغبن، سد الذريعة إلى ربا النساء، إسقاط غرض التنعم) ، كان لا بد من تطوير إطار تحليلي مناسب يساعد على تقييم هذه الفرضيات ومقابلتها بفرضية البحث. وبالفعل تم تقييم الفرضيات الثلاث البديلة بتطوير نموذج "إمكانات الغبن في ربا الفضل"، بينما تم تقييم فرضية الاحتكار بتبني نموذج "التوازن في ظل تفاوت الجودة"، فكانت النتيجة لصالح الفرضية الأخيرة بينما لم تثبت للاختبار أيٌ من الفرضيات الثلاث البديلة.
التحليل المقاصدي لمسألة تأجيل البدلين في المعاوضات وأثره في الحكم على تطبيقاتها المعاصرة
Authors: عبدالعظيم أبوزيد عبدالعظيم أبوزيد
Published: March 2020

. وجِدت بعضُ النصوص الشرعية التي تنهى عن تأجيل البدلين في المعاوضات المالية، فوقفت عندها بعض الآراء الفقهية المعاصرة في بعض التطبيقات وقوفًا ظاهريًا دون تعليل، وخالفتها كذلك في حالات أخرى دون قيام ما يستدعي التفريق بينهما في الحكم. وفي بعض الحالات التي وقفت عندها تلك الآراء على ظاهر النهي لا نراها وقفت عنده وقوفًا حقيقيًا، بل نراها قد خالفته بالدلالة على مسالك غير مباشرة تؤدي إلى ذات النتيجة من حدوث تأجيل العوضين. وهذه الاجتهادات المعاصرة تدل على أصل قيام الحاجة إلى تأجيل البدلين في بعض معاملاتنا المالية المعاصرة؛ لكن ربما تكون الاجتهادات المعاصرة قد توسعت في ذلك مع قيام ما يستدعي المنع في بعض الحالات، أو تشددت مع عدم قيام ما يستدعي الحظر في حالات أخرى، وذلك بمقتضى أصل مقاصد النهي في هذه المسألة. يأتي هذا البحث ليحقق في غايات الشريعة من أصل النهي عن تأجيل العوضين، ويردها إلى أصول النهي المعروفة من مثل الربا أو الغرر، ثم ليُحقّق في التطبيقات المعاصرة التي يقع فيها موجب النهي في تأجيل العوضين، فيفصّل في هذه التطبيقات ويحدد المقبول منها والجائز بناءً على تحليل مقاصد النهي في أصل المسألة من وجه، وعلى مدى الحاجة إلى التطبيق المعاصر لها، وبيانِ الآثار الإيجابية أو السلبية لذلك التطبيق.
المفارقة المنهجية في الخطاب الاقتصادي السائد
Authors: عبدالرزاق سعيد بلعباس عبدالرزاق سعيد بلعباس
Published: March 2020

: تكشف الورقة على مفارقة لم تشد اهتمام الباحثين ولم تجلب أنظارهم انطلاقًا من السؤال التالي: إذا كانت الغاية الأساسية من دراسة مناهج العلوم الاجتماعية هي الوقوف على تعدد طرق التعمّق في فهم الظواهر وإدراك أن ما يُعرف قليل بالمقارنة إلى ما لا يُعرف؛ فكيف يُقرّر أن هناك طريقة واحدة في دراسة الاقتصاد؟ هذه المفارقة تنطبق على الخطاب الذي يطرح بأن الاقتصاد هو علم وضعي قائم على قوانين طبيعية؛ كما تنطبق على الخطاب الإسلامي الذي يقرر بأن هناك قوانين اقتصادية شاملة لجميع النظم الاجتماعية؛ مما يكشف أن ما يقود التفكير فعليًا ليس الاختلاف حيال النموذج الاقتصادي السائد، وإنما الرغبة في التقليد للحصول - على ما يبدو - على أهم ميزاته التنافسية في بناء المعرفة وصياغتها على أكمل وجه، وإذا كان هذا الخطاب يستند نظريًا إلى عالم "مختلف"، فإن ما يثيره فعليًا ليس الاختلاف، وإنما الرغبة اللامحدودة للتقارب والتشابه.
المُفارقةُ المَنْهجيَّةُ ومَرْجِعياتُها الفِكْريَّة
Authors: فتحي حسن ملكاوي فتحي حسن ملكاوي
Published: March 2020

. فتحُ الباب للنقاش حول موضوع "المفارقة المنهجية في الخطاب الاقتصادي السائد" لا يقتصر أثره على إغناء فهمنا لعلم الاقتصاد والرؤية الإسلامية التي يلزم بناؤها، بل تـمتد فائدته إلى سعينا الحثيث في بناء الرؤية الإسلامية للعلوم كلها، وهي رؤية للعالَم (worldview) يحقق اعتمادها ما تسعى إليه المجتمعات البشرية من مصالح دون أن تخسر شيئًا، وتطوير هذه الرؤية وممارستها سوف يكون إسهامًا مقدرًا للعقل المسلم المعاصر في حركة العلم والبحث العلمي في مجالاته وساحاته العالمية. وتكمن أهمية المفارقة المنهجية في الخطاب الاقتصادي السائد في موقع الاقتصاد الذي يكاد يحكم سائر اهتمامات المجتمع البشري المعاصر. والنقد المعاصر الذي يوجه إلى تطبيقات المنهجية الوضعية في الخطاب الاقتصادي يأتي من داخل الساحة نفسها، ذلك أنّ المعرفة عن الاقتصاد هي معرفة عن الواقع، وتعتمد على الطريقة التي نفهم فيها الواقع ونتعامل معه، فطرق البحث التي نختار من بينها متعددة، وهذا الاختيار يرتب نتائج وتبعات، ويتصل بالمشكلات المتجددة التي تتحدى المنهجية الوضعية، ويفسر ما يحدث من صراع المنهجيات، ومن انتشار ثقافة مقلقة في المجتمع البشري المعاصر، تتصف بأنها "ثقافة ما بعد الحقيقة".
تقويم الدعوة إلى القطيعة بين الاقتصادَين الإسلامي والوضعي
Authors: محمد أنس الزرقا محمد أنس الزرقا
Published: March 2020

. بعد تعليق قصير على الورقة الرئيسية في هذا الحوار للدكتور بلعباس، يضع القسم الأول من ورقتي هذه الموضوع في إطار فكري عام، ويُذكّر بعدد من القيم ومن المقولات الوصفية يشترك فيها الاقتصادان الإسلامي والوضعي (الذي أقصد به علم الاقتصاد السائد تدريسه في الجامعات الغربية وبخاصة المدرسة النيوكلاسيكية). ثم أناقش في القسم الثاني حجة يسوقها الداعون إلى طَلَاقٍ بَائِن وقطيعة كاملة بين الاقتصاد الإسلامي والاقتصاد الوضعي؛ مرتكز هذه القطيعة أن الافتراضات الأساسية حول السلوك الإنساني والنظرة العالمية للوجود تختلف تمامًا بينهما. وانتهي إلى أن القطيعة المذكورة لا تنسجم مع منهج الشريعة الإسلامية في تعاملها مع الثقافة والمؤسسات التي كانت قائمة قبل الإسلام في جزيرة العرب، والذي يتلخص بعدم الرفض ولا القبول بادي الرأي لأية معلومة أو مؤسسة إنسانية، بل التمحيص ثم القبول أو الرفض أو التصحيح على بيّنة. كما ترشدنا الشريعة للتجزئة ما أمكن، لاستنقاذ الأجزاء الصالحة إن وجدت ولو من كثير فاسد. وأؤيد موقفي مستشهدًا بموقف بعض كبار الفقهاء من المعارف الإنسانية. وفي القسم الثالث أفند مبررًا آخر يساق للقطيعة مع الاقتصاد الوضعي هو افتراضه الأَثَرَة (الأنانيّة) الكاملة في تصرفات البشر، وتجاهله نوازع أُخرى سواها. وأحتج بعدم إمكان الاستغناء عن الافتراضات التبسيطية عمومًا وهذا منها، وبأن الشريعة أباحت الأثرة في مجال المعاوضات المالية، وفصَّل الفقهاء المجالات التي تجوز فيها أو تحرم.
وقفات مع ورقة "المفارقة المنهجية في الخطاب الاقتصادي السائد"
Authors: عبد الرحمن يسري أحمد عبد الرحمن يسري أحمد
Published: March 2020

يُسجل هذا التعقيب ست ملاحظات منهجية على ورقة منتدى النقاش الرئيسة "المفارقة المنهجية في الخطاب الاقتصادي السائد". تتفق الملاحظات مع صاحب الورقة في رفض نهج اعتبار الاقتصاد علمًا قائمًا على قوانين طبيعية. لكنها تبين أن هذا النهج لم يكن هو السائد طوال قرون متتالية، حيث كان علم الاقتصاد في تطور منهجي مستمر.
منهجية البناء المنهجي لعلم الاقتصاد الإسلامي
Authors: عبدالرحيم عبدالحميد الساعاتي عبدالرحيم عبدالحميد الساعاتي
Published: March 2020

أدى غياب مفهوم المنهجية (methodology)، الذي هو جزء من فلسفة المعرفة epistemology))، في البناء المعرفي لعلوم الاقتصاد الإسلامي إلى بناء مناهج الإنتاج المعرفي ( المنهج الوضعي الإسلامي، المنهج التجزيئي، المنهج الفقهي ) على الفلسفة أو العقيدة العلمانية وتبني المنهاجية الوضعية في الإنتاج المعرفي لعلوم الاقتصاد الإسلامي . تؤكد المقالة على الحاجة إلى تبني مناهجية تُبنى على الفلسفة أو العقيدة الإسلامية، وتكون هي الأساس لمناهج الإنتاج المعرفي لعلوم الاقتصاد الإسلامي وتضع تصورًا لمناهجية البناء المنهجي لعلم الاقتصاد الإسلامي.
منهجية بناء علم الاقتصاد الإسلامي: أهمية المراجعة والتقويم
Authors: عزالدين مالك الطيب محمد عزالدين مالك الطيب محمد
Published: March 2020

. تقدم الورقة إجابات مختصرة ومركزة عن التساؤلات المقدمة من هيئة تحرير المجلة؛ التي تتمحور حول انطلاقة البناء المنهجي للاقتصاد الإسلامي ومرتكزاته. تؤكد الورقة على أهمية مراجعة تلك الانطلاقة، بل تذهب إلى أبعد من ذلك؛ إذ تلفت النظر إلى أهمية مراجعة مصطلح الاقتصاد الإسلامي تأسيًا بالمراجعات التي يشهدها الاقتصاد التقليدي حاليًا في ضوء تداعيات الأزمة المالية الأمريكية (2007-2009 م). تبرر الورقة أهمية المراجعة للوصول إلى صياغة معرفة علمية إسلامية للظاهرة الاقتصادية من خلال رؤية معاصرة تبرز المنهج التلازمي بين الدنيا والآخرة والروح والمادة. خلصت الورقة إلى رؤية مستقبلية من خلال تقديم عدد من الخيارات التي تقوم على أسس منهجية سليمة تتوافق مع تطلعات الأجيال القادمة في بناء علم اقتصاد إسلامي يلبي حاجة المجتمعات المعاصرة.
Influence of acidogenic fermented fish by-products with rice bran for sludge reduction and biogas recovery in anaerobic co-digestion
Authors: Choi Hee-Jeong
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acidogenic fermentation broth with rice bran (RFFB), tap water (TFFB), or raw fishery by-products (FBs) on sludge reduction and biogas production in an anaerobic co-digestion process. Acidogenic fermentation of FBs with rice bran was faster and produced more volatile fatty acids than that with tap water. Reduction efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand, volatile solids, and total solids were highest in RFFB. In the kinetic analysis, λ (d), which represents the duration of the lag phase, was shortest with RFFB (1.09 d) and highest in sewage sludge (8.86 d). As the loading amount of volatile solids and chemical oxygen demand increased, the amount of cumulative biogas also increased. Amount of produced methane and energy recovery were highest with RFFB (5.71 kWh). Anaerobic co-digestion of FFB and sewage sludge allowed reduced sludge and recovered energy using the discarded waste as an organic carbon source.
Group size experiences with enhanced pre- and postnatal development studies in the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Luetjens C. Marc , Fuchs Antje , Baker Ann , Weinbauer Gerhard F.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Enhanced pre- and postnatal development (ePPND) studies have become the
default developmental toxicity test for biopharmaceuticals if nonhuman
primates represent the relevant species. Spontaneous pregnancy losses and
infant deaths can be significant in macaques such as long-tailed macaques.
The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guideline S6(R1) states that pregnancy outcome can be judged also by
the normogram-based variability of reference data according to a publication
by Jarvis et al. (2010) defining a study as valid with six to eight live infants in the control group on postnatal day 7 (PND7). Since the release of
ICH S6(R1) (2011), ePPND studies for biologics have replaced the former separate
embryo-fetal and PPND study types. This work provides a retrospective
analysis of pregnancy outcomes from 21 ePPND studies and group sizes of
14–24 animals per group. All studies reached the goal of at least six to eight infants on
PND7, with overall losses ranging between 5 % and 45 %. Consistently, a group
size of 14–24 maternal animals yielded more than six to eight infants on PND7.
Therefore, it is suggested to reduce ePPND study group sizes from 20 to 14,
yielding an animal number reduction of approx. 30 %.
Becoming-Animal in the Narrative and the Form of Reha Erdem’s Kosmos
Authors: Keskin Suphi , Baykan Burcu
Published: March 2020

This article performs a narrative and aesthetic analysis of Reha Erdem’s movie, Kosmos (2009), through an engagement with Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s philosophical concept of becoming-animal. Erdem narrativizes the story of an odd traveller dervish named Kosmos, who has supernatural abilities and an expanded capability of communication—one that displays liminal features between human and animal. Through his distinctive editing technique, particularly by juxtaposing human and animal faces, the director further deconstructs the conceptual boundaries between humanity and animality, revealing the inherent connectedness of the two. Hence, this article discloses the consistency between the narrative and the form of Kosmos through a close reading based upon the notion of becoming-animal and its conceptual constituents.
Excellent Outcomes for All Students: A Whole System Approach to Widening Participation and Student Success in England
Authors: Thomas Liz
Published: March 2020

This article is about improving student retention and success to achieve excellent outcomes for all students. It draws on research undertaken by the author about student engagement and belonging; differential engagement and success, with a particular focus on commuter students, who experience intersectional disadvantage; and the development of a whole institution approach (WIA) to widening participation and student success. The research has been undertaken in England, and is situated within this policy context, in particular two national policy tools: Access and Participation Plans (APP) and the Teaching Excellence and Student Outcomes Framework (TEF), which all higher education providers are required to engage with if they wish to charge fees above certain thresholds. The article demonstrates how in England both the policy framework and higher education institutions are working towards a system-wide approach to achieve excellent outcomes for all students, irrespective of their background or circumstances.
Pastoral Care and the Caring Teacher – Value Adding to Enabling Education
Authors: Seary Karen , Willans Julie
Published: March 2020

The concept of pastoral care to effectively meet the personal, social and academic needs of students is a complex yet under-researched matter in higher education. Similarly, under-researched and institutionally undervalued is the pivotal role that the caring teacher fulfils in imbuing pastoral care in enabling courses. Using an enabling course in a regional Australian university as the context, this article outlines the concept of pastoral care and then discusses the characteristics of the caring teacher, so fundamental to enabling education. The article draws on Motta and Bennett’s (2018) pedagogies of care, namely care as recognition, care as dialogic relationality, and care as affective and embodied praxis to analyse how the students perceived and valued care in the enabling course in which they participated. Findings indicate that supportive learning environments in which caring teachers nurture their students can promote very positive interactions, and ultimately, high student satisfaction and retention.
Grit-ability: Which Grit Characteristics Enable Success for Mothers Entering University?
Authors: Braund Anne , James Trixie , Johnston Katrina , Mullaney Louise
Published: March 2020

Personal characteristics contributing to success in higher education has become an important area of focus in recent years. Duckworth’s (2007) grit framework shows positive correlations with a range of academic outcomes. This article explores the characteristics of grit in a study of female students who identified as mothers during their enrolment in an enabling program at CQUniversity Australia. Data was gathered from 284 participants and findings suggest that despite mothers facing competing challenges that conflict with study; demonstrating grit-ability is what enables success. The courage to begin; conscientious determination to achieve; resilience to overcome obstacles; endurance to persist; and striving for excellence were identified as key contributors to positive academic outcomes and personal fulfilment. Framework Methodology underpinned this thematic analysis using the grit terms of reference to examine survey responses. These findings highlight the relevance of grit as desirable student characteristics for experiencing success in enabling education.
The Importance of Highly Engaged School-University Partnerships in Widening Participation Outreach
Authors: Zacharias Nadine , Mitchell Geoffrey
Published: March 2020

In Australia, there has been a sustained investment in widening participation activities by the federal government through the Higher Education Participation and Partnership Program (HEPPP) and a sustained effort by universities and their partner schools to create high-quality widening participation programs. However, there is limited longitudinal evidence on if and how these widening participation activities influence the application rates to university by school leavers from low socio-economic status (SES) backgrounds. This article draws on a large mixed-methods study which aimed to investigate differences in university application rates between students from low SES backgrounds in urban versus rural, regional and remote (RRR) schools in Queensland. The research found that widening participation programs had a positive and statistically significant influence on application rates to university in highly engaged schools. We propose the concept of a virtuous circle of sustained widening participation activity to explain the positive results in highly engaged schools.
ANTS And POTS: Do They Change Lives? Students Perceptions on the Value of Positive Psychology Concepts
Authors: Walters Vikki , James Trixie
Published: March 2020

Positive psychology provides a different perspective to that of traditional psychology. There is a growing research base of scientific study to validate the significance of this psychological approach in people’s lives. Enabling courses have an increased number of students utilising them as an alternative pathway to gain access to university. These courses have an important structural role in the development and up-skilling of students to assist with a positive transition into undergraduate studies. The Skills for Tertiary Education Preparatory Studies (STEPS) course offers a unique unit of study which introduces students to Positive Psychology as a means for students to develop the psychological resilience required on the student learning journey. Positive Learning for University (PLU), takes students on a personal and academic journey where they learn about theories that underpin Positive Psychology and can apply strategies to themselves personally and to their role as students. This article looks at three concepts that students found most beneficial: positive thinking, signature strengths, and resilience and considers why these resonate with students.
"Monkey See, Monkey Do, That’s Not Going to Actually Teach You": Becoming a Self-Directed Learner in Enabling Mathematics Units
Authors: Mann Gemma , Willans Julie
Published: March 2020

To explore the mathematics learning experiences of those more likely to come from non-traditional educational backgrounds, ten students studying one or two maths units in the Skills for Tertiary Education Preparatory Studies (STEPS) at CQUniversity Australia were interviewed. The aim was to investigate how these students learnt to become self-directed learners during their preparation for their intended undergraduate study. Using grounded theory methodology, data were analysed within the theoretical framework of andragogy, namely, adult learning. Analysis of data indicated that students were able to learn how to become self-directed learners when lecturers ‘tailored’ teaching to the students’ needs, taking into consideration their state of mind, ability to plan their work, developing adeptness at engaging in mathematical activities, and assistance received in evaluating their own learning outcomes. In practice, findings of this study provide some insight into how enabling mathematics lecturers can tailor activities to best meet the needs of their students. Further, the development of self-directed learning skills in the context of mathematics has potential to benefit these students in all their university study.
Transformative Learning: Developing Agency, Independence and Promoting a Strong Sense of Self in Teen Mothers
Authors: Cheung Lilliemay , Kill Emma , Turley Janet
Published: March 2020

Adolescents who become pregnant during their secondary education experience a range of challenges that intersect and limit their opportunities to complete schooling and take up university places. One approach to addressing this issue at an Australian regional university is through the Tertiary Preparation Pathway (TPP) which has been delivered within the Supporting Teenagers with Education, Mothering, and Mentoring (STEMM) program, since 2008. The STEMM program offers teen mothers an opportunity to continue or re-engage with education during and beyond pregnancy. Adopting an intersectionality lens, interviews with adolescent mothers identified three key elements underpinning the success of the TPP/STEMM program: recognising the educational aspirations of teen mothers, developing agency and independence and promoting a strong sense of self. This article aims to provide practical implications for educators wishing to establish or develop programs based on this transformative teaching.