bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Research of Time Perception of Children with Hearing Impairments
Authors: Gatsoeva Liliy
Published: February 2018

The article describes the peculiarities of perception of the length of time periods of children of elementary school age with hearing impairments. It is known that in the characteristics of time sensations the most important role is played by kinetic and auditory sensations. Therefore, the study of perception of time as an integral part of cognitive activity of children with hearing impairment is relevant. In studies whose purpose was to study the perception of the time of children with hearing impairment, we were asked to study the data of scientific sources and analyze the results of the pedagogical experiment. The purpose and tasks were realized by methods of analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature and pedagogical experiment. In investigational participated 24 children (an experimental group consisted of 12 girls with violation of rumor, control – from 12 girls in that a rumor was in a norm). For the study of perception of time in our research we used methodology of measuring of minute interval lot and executing an ccount to 60 after a second. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the majority of girls who participated in the study demonstrated a decrease in the length of the individual minute. There was no significant difference between the mean group values of the control and experimental groups in the first and second tests (p> 0,05). The analysis of the results showed an ambiguous picture, which can be related to external and internal factors and features of the subjects. Conclusions. Perception of time is an important characteristic of the mental activity of a child with hearing impairment. It determines the level of orientation of such a child in the world around him and depends on both external factors and the characteristics inherent in the child. It is natural to assume that such an individual characteristic as the perception of time can depend on the nature of the child, the degree and timing of hearing loss, the level of knowledge, the emotional state, and will be the subject of our further research.
Osmanlı İmaretlerinin (Aşevleri) Tipolojisi Üzerine Bir Deneme
Authors: GÜRBIYIK Cengiz
Published: February 2018

Osmanlı
mimarisinin başlangıcından XX. yüzyıl başlarına kadar geçen süre içerisinde
inşa edilen imaretlerin sayısı oldukça fazladır. Ancak bir çoğu günümüze
ulaşamamıştır. Hiçbiri tek başına inşa edilmeyip bir külliye programı dahilinde
yer alan bu yapılar, Osmanlı’nın kolonizasyon ve yerleşim politikalarının
önemli bir parçası olmuştur. Klasik dönemde ise başta İstanbul olmak üzere
şehir külliyeleri ile hac ve ticaret yolları üzerindeki menzil külliyelerinde
imaretlere rastlamak mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, Anadolu'daki imaretlerin bir
bütün olarak ele alınması ve plan şemalarından yola çıkılarak bir tipoloji
oluşturulması hedeflenmiştir. Bu bağlamda öncelikle arşiv çalışmaları yapılmış
ve günümüze ulaşabilen 29 imaret tespit edilmiştir. Tek tek ele alınan yapılar
plan ve mimari özellikleri ile Anadolu’da ve Anadolu dışındaki benzer
imaretlerle karşılaştırmıştır.
Louîs-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre Ve Charles Marie Bouton’un Dioraması Ve Tarihsel Kökenleri
Authors: BÖCEKLER Burcu
Published: February 2018

Diorama,
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre ve Charles Marie Bouton tarafından icat
edilmiştir. Diorama kelimesi, Yunanca “bir uçtan bir uca” anlamına gelen dia ve
“sahne-manzara” anlamına gelen -orama kelimelerinin birleşmesinden oluşmuştur.
Diorama’da Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre ve ortağı ressam Charles Marie Bouton tarafından
camera obscura ile yapılan resimler Diorama’daki karanlık bir salonda
sergilenir.  Sergilenen resimlerin
konusunu kent görünümleri, Gotik katedraller, çığ düşmesi, liman sahneleri ve yangınlar oluşturur. Diorama’nın temel amacı,
farklı ışık ve filtre sistemleri ile
izleyiciye hareket ve zaman algısını vermektir.

Bu çalışmada, öncelikle Diorama’dan
önce gerçekleştirilen gösterilerin tarihi incelenecektir. Ardından Diorama’nın tarihi, Diorama’daki
sergileme sistemi ve Diorama’da sergilenen resimler anlatılacaktır.
Amerikalı Prima Donna Laura Schirmer Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in Hareminde Öldürüldü mü?
Authors: DAŞCI Semra
Published: February 2018

Laura Schirmer (1862-1894), 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Amerika’nın en
ünlü opera sanatçılarından biriydi. Avrupa’nın önemli başkentlerinde, önde
gelen eğitmenlerden iyi bir müzik eğitimi alan Schirmer, sesi kadar güzelliği
ile de ünlü, oldukça yetenekli bir sanatçıydı. Kendisi, 1888 yılında Osmanlı
Devleti’nin başkenti İstanbul’a gelmiş ve Sultan’ın huzurunda şarkı
söylemiştir. Sanatçının beğenilen gösterisinden sonra kendisine değerli
armağanlar sunulmuş ve Sultan II. Abdülhamid tarafından ‘saray şarkıcısı’ olarak
görevlendirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bir süre sonra Amerika ve Avrupa
gazetelerinde, Schirmer ve onüç Harem gözdesinin zehirlendiğini ileri süren
sansasyonel haberler ortaya çıkmıştır. İki ülke arasındaki diplomatik yazışma
ve soruşturmaların ardından, sanatçının hayatta ve sağlığının yerinde olduğu
anlaşılmıştır. Bu olaylar dizisi sonucunda Sultan, Schirmer’in yüklü aylığını
kesmiş ve yaptığı atamayı da iptal etmiştir. Bu çalışmada, konu ile ilgili
farklı türdeki belgeler toplanarak kronolojik bir düzen içinde değerlendirilmekte
ve sarayda işlenen ‘sözde cinayet’in, hayal ürünü romantik bir söylentiden
fazlası olmadığı ortaya konmaktadır.
Gaziantep Camilerinde Görülen Bazı Güneyli Etkiler
Authors: ÖZGÜR YILDIZ Şenay
Published: February 2018

Anadolu Beylikleri XII.yy.’dan itibaren Zengî ve
Eyyubî, ardından da Memlûklarla yoğun kültürel-politik ilişkiler içinde
olmuşlardır. Bu ilişkiler söz konusu devletlerin hüküm sürmüş oldukları
topraklarda görülen mimari unsur ve motiflerin Anadolu mimarisinin içine
sızmasına neden olmuştur. “Güneyli etkiler” diyebileceğimiz bu unsurları
XIII-XVIII.yy.lar arasına tarihlenen Gaziantep camilerinin bazı mimari
elemanlarında, süslemelerinde kullanılan motif ve kompozisyonlarda görmek
mümkündür.
O senso comum teórico do jurista e a arte de reduzir cabeças
Authors: Espindola Angela Araujo da Silveira , Sangoi Bernardo Girardi
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo recupera a proposta de Edgar Morin amadurecida, em especial, na obra “A cabeça bem-feita: repensar a reforma, reformar o pensamento”, escrito no final do século XX, inaugurando a abertura do século XXI. A primeira edição traduzida foi publicada no Brasil no mesmo ano da publicação do texto original em francês e desde vem sendo reeditado no Brasil. A esta proposta agrega a crítica de Luiz Alberto Warat quanto ao “senso comum teórico do jurista” e a análise de Dany-Robert Dufour na obra “A arte de reduzir cabeças”; Objetivo desta breve reflexão é, problematizar a suficiência, a eficiência e a efetividade de reformas legislativas para a superação da crise do direito e do Estado, bem como o papel das reformas curriculares nos cursos de graduação em direito. As reformas legislativas operadas no sistema jurídico brasileiro e as reformas curriculares realizadas no ensino jurídico tem o condão de transformar o modo de produção do direito? Para estas reflexões parte-se da hermenêutica filosófica como perspectiva metodológica e dos autores acima referidos, com vistas a sinalizar caminhos possíveis para a refundação da jurisdição e para a construção de um aporte metodológico para o ensino do direito, de modo a contemplar profícuo entrelaçamento entre a teoria e a práxis, em um saber circular
Dever de busca pela razoável duração do processo
Authors: Soares Carlos Henrique
Published: February 2018

O presente texto explica o termo razoável garantia do processo e sua relação com tempestividade procedimental e jurisdicional no novo código de processo civil brasileiro.
Post-Endüstriyel İyimserlikten Hegemonik Despotizme: 21. Yüzyılın İlk Çeyreğinde Taşeron Çalışma
Authors: Nurol Bahadır
Published: February 2018

Taşeronluk
sistemi 1980’lerin sonlarından bu yana günümüz firmalarının maliyet düşürme
stratejilerinin bir parçası olagelmiştir. Ancak sistemin teorik meşruiyeti,
yirminci yüzyılın son çeyreğinde popülerlik kazanan post-endüstriyel toplum
teorilerine dayanmaktadır. Bu teoriler taşeron çalışmasını bağımsız, yaratıcı
ve hayli yüksek vasıflı profesyonellere özgü bir iş olarak ele aldılar. Ancak
son on yıl içinde taşeronluk sistemi neredeyse bütün iş alanlarına sızdı ve
emekçi sınıfların artan güvencesizliğine katkıda bulundu. Buna bağlı olarak,
post-endüstriyel toplum teorilerine yanıt olarak formüle edilen ve bu
teorilerin karşısında konumlanan yaklaşımlar, taşeronluk sisteminin sanayi
çağının ilk evrelerine has üretim ilişkilerini yeniden canlandırdığını öne
sürdüler. Buna göre taşeronluk sistemi işyerlerinde despotik bir ilişki
üretmeye eğilimliydi. Bu çalışmada, Michael Burawoy’un farklı emek rejimlerine
yönelik kavramsallaştırmasından yararlanarak, taşeronluk sisteminin tarihsel
despotizm ile rıza ve zorun bileşiminden oluşan çağdaş hegemonik despotizmin
bir karışımı olduğu öne sürülecektir.
Pendampingan Pendidikan Anak di Kelurahan Genteng Surabaya
Authors: Hidayatullah Achmad
Published: February 2018

Child problems arise in various areas, such as child abuse, child sexual abuse, frees sex, drugs etc. Therefore, this dedication will focus on children's problems, especially in the context of education. This devotion activity was conducted for 30 days in RW III tile village. As for the service in the form of parenting and child training or parenting, reinforcement and mentoring of children learning and play park which is held in RW hall, and also assistance to youth organization of karang taruna village to empower children and rema in RW III tile village. Assistance to the children's learning park involves collaborating with parents and youth. By giving counseling and parenting to parents, the expectation of parents have more time to spare and control children, while involvement of cooperation with youth to empower teenagers to participate actively to build character and village education.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Kotoran Sapi Menjadi Pupuk Organik Sebagai Upaya Mendukung Usaha Peternakan Sapi Potong di Kelompok Tani Ternak Mandiri Jaya Desa Moropelang Kecamatan Babat Kabupaten Lamongan
Authors: Huda Solikhul , Wikanta Wiwi
Published: February 2018

Cattle farming in Indonesia is still concerned with livestock productivity and has not maximized the utilization of cow dung waste (teletong) of economic value. The waste of cow dung (teletong) produced should no longer be a burden of business costs but a result of having high economic value and if possible equivalent to the economic value of the main product (meat). The purpose of this research is to study the utilization of cow dung into organic fertilizer that support the business of fattening beef cattle. The method used in this research is descriptive method with data collection method of observation and interviews of livestock farmer group and supported by literature study. Based on the results of observations and interviews obtained the results that members of Livestock Farmers Group Jaya already utilize and manage the waste of cow dung into organic fertilizer with economic value to sell to members for agricultural land fertilizer rice, watermelon and cantaloupe. The reason for the use of cow dung as fertilizer is usually because the goods are easy to obtain, relatively cheap and give better results.
Studi Pengolahan Limbah Usaha Mandiri Rumah Tangga dan Dampak Bagi Kesehatan di Wilayah Kenjeran, Surabaya
Authors: Dahruji Dahruji , Wilianarti Pipit Festy , Totok Hendarto Totok
Published: February 2018

At this time the development of the industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly, there are currently large and small industries. An assortment of chemical industry, paper, textiles and cement. The small industry such as industry know. Many industries can generate positive and negative impacts. The positive impact of the industry, among others, the creation of jobs and the use of new technologies in various fields. The negative effects derived from industrial waste in the form of waste, liquid waste containing substances that are harmful to the surrounding community, so that the disposal of waste produces a toxic substance that causes the growth of bacteria that breed. With the indiscriminate disposal of waste fluids can cause problems for humans share, environment and water, can grow germs or other germs harmful to humans, would be susceptible to various diseases due to the influence of chemicals that pollute the river. Long-kelaman waste fluid change color to dark brown and smelly, and the stench is going to result in respiratory problems for people around. (Atinah fatal 2007).The research method using descriptive research method, with consecutive sampling technique to sample 21 people. Analysis using the percentage description. Results obtained 17 percent of skin disorders, diarrhea 2 percent, and laboratory values averaged COB try the 1 meter including pemcemaran being.With the existence of this study is expected an increase of knowledge in the management of household waste small industries.
Pemberdayaan Usaha Binatu Lokasi Terdampak eks-lokalisasi Daerah Morokrembangan Surabaya
Authors: Setiyawan Radius , Jayadi Mahsun
Published: February 2018

After the closing of localization on December 12, 2012 by the Mayor of Surabaya, there are several stand-by laundry businesses run by former WTS (Women Tuna Susila). The business has been running for 2 years but there are some significant obstacles so the business still has not revealed significant results. Some of the obstacles faced are: Financial management that is still not regular so that is still often mixed between personal money with business money, promotion model is still conventional and some other problems. Based on the above problem, the solutions offered are as follows: (a) the addition of production equipment so as to speed up the drying process and minimize dependence on sunlight; (b) train effective and controlled bookkeeping; (c) train the proper Laundry chemistry; (d) create a creative and technology-based promotional model. From the results of the above empowerment, it proved to be an improvement of management and able to increase the productivity of the business.
Pelayanan Kepada Masyarakat Berbasis Pengetahuan Teknik Elektro dan Komputer di Desa Segoro Tambak, Kecamatan Sedati Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Propinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Cholilurrahman R. Ahmad
Published: February 2018

regency. The majority of the population are farmers. If viewed from the geographical situation, then this village is located near the Madura Sea. Where the weather conditions of Segoro Tambak village tend to be hot and dry, with access roads leading to the village quite easily even though the streets are still much damaged and dusty. The position of the village on a macro lane road to the direction of the Airport and City District and City Province. This condition gives an indication that the regional concession (sub-district) of Segorotambak Village has strategic function and role. While seen from the boundaries of the administrative area of Segorotambak Village are: North side: Tambakoso Village / Sungai Buntung, East: Madura Strait, South side: Banjar Kemuning Village and Juanda Airport, West: Pranti Village and Tambak Sawah Village. The problem is access to technology in this village is still lacking with the lack of facilities such as cafe, hotspot, place of printing and others. In addition, the majority of the villagers' education is only graduated from elementary school, where they prefer to work after graduating from primary school and do not continue to the higher level. This can be understood because the village of Segoro Tambak is a village where the daily livelihood of the population is to manage the fishponds, no wonder if their children are involved to help sustain the family economy with the majority of the population is farmers, the level of education also affect the lives of citizens , because hereditary have the same life with their parents, and very few who get higher education. In addition, if continuing higher education, more choose social sciences - humanities than the science of technology, whereas the development of the world of electronics in the sense of the development of information and communication technology is growing rapidly. As an evaluation, we lecturers from the Department of Electrical Engineering, FTI, ITATS held a community service activity as a form of dharma of three universities, packaged in real work college activities (KKN) - community empowerment learning (PPM) to Karang Taruna as the target audience community by holding "Services To The Community, Knowledge Based Electrical And Computer Engineering".The final result shows that the villagers of Segoro Tambak who are not familiar with the basic electronics knowledge of the participants of Karang Taruna have started to be trained and develop skills in basic electronics. In the field of computer through this training, they are able to understand and operate Microsoft Excel and Microsft Word, properly and correctly. In the knowledge dissemination of electric power installations, Segoro Tambak villagers have had the awareness to apply and pay attention to the safety, safety in installation and usage of electricity in their own homes. Residents are expected to install the correct electrical halcyon for safety.
Penggunaan Wabosang Sebagai Media Pendidikan Seksual Pada Anak-Anak Bantaran Sungai Jembatan Merah Surabaya
Authors: Sa'ida Naili , Rahayu Aristiana Prihatining
Published: February 2018

This study aims to describe the use of wabosang media as sexual education in early childhood. This research was conducted in Bantaran Sungai Jembatan Merah Kota Surabaya. This research used descriptive qualitative research method with case study type. Data collection uses observation, interviews, and documentation. Data obtained then analyzed using interactive model proposed by Miles and Huberman. From this research it is known that sexual education can be done through media (WaBoSang). The use of wabosang media as sexual education, the child is able to know the correct way of dressing, the child knows the parts of the body that must be closed, the child is able to know only the mother and himself who can touch the covered body parts, the child is also able to know what must be done when there are people who act evil.
Pos UKK Cumi dan Pos UKK Kerapuh Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kesehatan Keluarga di Wilayah Tambakwedi Kecamatan Kenjeran, Surabaya
Authors: Wiliyanarti Pipit Festi
Published: February 2018

UKK Kerapuh and UKK Cumi  not develop because of the low participation of fishing communities in the region in the implementation of the program Tambak Wedi  UKK . Volunteers or health workers who are not active, people do not understand about the benefits and management of UKK .Health education activities have not been carried out routinely by cadres of health workers. Poor work habits, among others squat and bend over too long, working without protective , complaints Hypertension disease, respiratory illness, back pain, skin diseases on the fishermen.The  Matter UKK group health was hypertension, disorders of the respiratory tract (cough), family members of fishermen 10% are anemic.The approach offered to resolve the issue is to carry out workshops, training and mentoring, in improving the skills of cadre pos UKK and the fishing communities of Tambakwedi region, help improve management capabilities UKK .Output Increased knowledge and skills of partners in managing the UKK, healthy eating family management skills, Training Module Health and Safety, Management Pos UKK, Scientific; Proceending; and Poster. Keywords: fishing communities, UKK .
Changes in School Engagement as a Function of No Child Left Behind: A Comparative Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Markowitz Anna J.
Published: February 2018

After the adoption of No Child Left Behind (NCLB), a host of anecdotal evidence suggested that NCLB diminished students’ school engagement—a multidimensional construct that describes students’ active involvement and commitment to school and encompasses students’ thoughts, behaviors, and feelings about school. Using data from repeated cross-sections of the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this study draws on methodological innovations from research linking NCLB to academic outcomes to explore this possibility. Findings are suggestive of an immediate NCLB-based increase in engagement that diminished and ultimately became negative over time. Because engagement predicts both achievement and socio-emotional well-being, researchers and policymakers should work to ensure that the Every Student Succeeds Act facilitates accountability systems that promote engagement.
Proof in Mathematics
Authors: Shah Nagendra Prasad
Published: February 2018

This article was not peer-reviewed.No abstract available.
Bio-diversity conservation in Nepal
Authors: Chhetry Damodar Thapa
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.
Alloys: Types and uses
Authors: Adhikari Devendra
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.
A Practical Synthesis of a Key Intermediate of Beraprost
Authors: Zhu Hao-ting , He Yang , Zhan Li , Liu Ting , Yang Shi-qiong , Kang Li-tao , Luo Yu
Published: February 2018

A practical eight-step synthesis of a key intermediate of beraprost is described. The tricyclic cyclopent[ b]benzofuran core can be prepared from 2,6-dibromo-4-chlorophenol. The butyric side chain is introduced by ortho-selective metal–halogen exchange and subsequent coupling with 4-(benzyloxy)butanal. The procedure is operationally simple and amenable to scale-up synthesis.
Fuzzy Logic-Based Perturb and Observe Algorithm with Variable Step of a Reference Voltage for Solar Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive System Fed by Direct-Connected Photovoltaic Array
Authors: Rezoug Mohamed , Chenni Rachid , Taibi Djamel
Published: February 2018

Photovoltaic pumping is considered to be the most used application amongst other photovoltaic energy applications in isolated sites. This technology is developing with a slow progression to allow the photovoltaic system to operate at its maximum power. This work introduces the modified algorithm which is a perturb and observe (P&O) type to overcome the limitations of the conventional P&O algorithm and increase its global performance in abrupt weather condition changes. The most significant conventional P&O algorithm restriction is the difficulty faced when choosing the variable step of the reference voltage value, a good compromise between the swift dynamic response and the stability in the steady state. To adjust the step reference voltage according to the location of the operating point of the maximum power point (MPP), a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) block adapted to the P&O algorithm is used. This allows the improvement of the tracking pace and the steady state oscillation elimination. The suggested method was evaluated by simulation using MATLAB/SimPowerSystems blocks and compared to the classical P&O under different irradiation levels. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the technique proposed and its capacity for the practical and efficient tracking of maximum power.
Structure-Antiplatelet Activity Relationships of Novel Ruthenium (II) Complexes: Investigation of Its Molecular Targets
Authors: Hsia Chih-Hsuan , Jayakumar Thanasekaran , Sheu Joen-Rong , Tsao Shin-Yi , Velusamy Marappan , Hsia Chih-Wei , Chou Duen-Suey , Chang Chao-Chien , Chung Chi-Li , Khamrang Themmila , Lin Kao-Chang
Published: February 2018

The regulation of platelet function by pharmacological agents that modulate platelet signaling has proven to be a positive approach to the prevention of thrombosis. Ruthenium complexes are fascinating for the development of new drugs, as they possess numerous chemical and biological properties. The present study aims to evaluate the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of newly synthesized ruthenium (II) complexes, TQ-1, TQ-2 and TQ-3 in agonists-induced washed human platelets. Silica gel column chromatography, aggregometry, immunoblotting, NMR, and X-ray analyses were performed in this study. Of the three tested compounds, TQ-3 showed a concentration (1–5 μM) dependent inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by collagen (1 μg/mL) and thrombin (0.01 U/mL) in washed human platelets; however, TQ-1 and TQ-2 had no response even at 250 μM of collagen and thrombin-induced aggregation. TQ-3 was effective with inhibiting collagen-induced ATP release, calcium mobilization ([Ca2+]i) and P-selectin expression without cytotoxicity. Moreover, TQ-3 significantly abolished collagen-induced Lyn-Fyn-Syk, Akt-JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPKs) phosphorylation. The compound TQ-3 containing an electron donating amino group with two phenyl groups of the quinoline core could be accounted for by its hydrophobicity and this nature might be the reason for the noted antiplatelet effects of TQ-3. The present results provide a molecular basis for the inhibition by TQ-3 in collagen-induced platelet aggregation, through the suppression of multiple machineries of the signaling pathway. These results may suggest that TQ-3 can be considered a potential agent for the treatment of vascular diseases.
Phycocyanin Protects Against UVB-induced Apoptosis Through the PKC α/βII-Nrf-2/HO-1 Dependent Pathway in Human Primary Skin Cells
Authors: Kim Ki Mo , Lee Joo Young , Im A-Rang , Chae Sungwook
Published: February 2018

Phycocyanin (Pc) is one of the active pigment constituents of Spirulina microalgae. It has been used for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the protective effects of Pc against ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced primary skin cells damage are still undefined. In the present study, we investigated whether Pc prevented UVB-induced apoptotic cell death in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK). Pc induced the transcription of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Furthermore, Pc treatments resulted in a marked increase in nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 (NF-E2)-like 2 (Nrf-2) nuclear translocation. Also, Pc protected UVB induced apoptosis and reduced the p53 and Bax levels, as well as caspase-3 activation. Pc treatment showed a significantly enhanced effect on the phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) α/β II, but not that of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or Akt. Induction of HO-1 induced by Pc was suppressed by Go6976, a selective inhibitor of PKC α/β II. In addition, knockdown of HO-1 by small interfering (siRNA) caused a significant increase in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) cleavage and caspase-3 activation after Pc pretreatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Pc-induced expression of HO-1 is mediated by the PKC α/β II-Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway, and inhibits UVB-induced apoptotic cell death in primary skin cells.
Application of Ground-Penetrating Radar for Detecting Internal Anomalies in Tree Trunks with Irregular Contours
Authors: Li Weilin , Wen Jian , Xiao Zhongliang , Xu Shengxia
Published: February 2018

To assess the health conditions of tree trunks, it is necessary to estimate the layers and anomalies of their internal structure. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the internal part of tree trunks considering their irregular contour. In this respect, we used ground penetrating radar (GPR) for non-invasive detection of defects and deteriorations in living trees trunks. The Hilbert transform algorithm and the reflection amplitudes were used to estimate the relative dielectric constant. The point cloud data technique was applied as well to extract the irregular contours of trunks. The feasibility and accuracy of the methods were examined through numerical simulations, laboratory and field measurements. The results demonstrated that the applied methodology allowed for accurate characterizations of the internal inhomogeneity. Furthermore, the point cloud technique resolved the trunk well by providing high-precision coordinate information. This study also demonstrated that cross-section tomography provided images with high resolution and accuracy. These integrated techniques thus proved to be promising for observing tree trunks and other cylindrical objects. The applied approaches offer a great promise for future 3D reconstruction of tomographic images with radar wave.
Optical Method for Estimating the Chlorophyll Contents in Plant Leaves
Authors: Pérez-Patricio Madaín , Camas-Anzueto Jorge , Sanchez-Alegría Avisaí , Aguilar-González Abiel , Gutiérrez-Miceli Federico , Escobar-Gómez Elías , Voisin Yvon , Rios-Rojas Carlos , Grajales-Coutiño Ruben
Published: February 2018

This work introduces a new vision-based approach for estimating chlorophyll contents in a plant leaf using reflectance and transmittance as base parameters. Images of the top and underside of the leaf are captured. To estimate the base parameters (reflectance/transmittance), a novel optical arrangement is proposed. The chlorophyll content is then estimated by using linear regression where the inputs are the reflectance and transmittance of the leaf. Performance of the proposed method for chlorophyll content estimation was compared with a spectrophotometer and a Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) meter. Chlorophyll content estimation was realized for Lactuca sativa L., Azadirachta indica, Canavalia ensiforme, and Lycopersicon esculentum. Experimental results showed that—in terms of accuracy and processing speed—the proposed algorithm outperformed many of the previous vision-based approach methods that have used SPAD as a reference device. On the other hand, the accuracy reached is 91% for crops such as Azadirachta indica, where the chlorophyll value was obtained using the spectrophotometer. Additionally, it was possible to achieve an estimation of the chlorophyll content in the leaf every 200 ms with a low-cost camera and a simple optical arrangement. This non-destructive method increased accuracy in the chlorophyll content estimation by using an optical arrangement that yielded both the reflectance and transmittance information, while the required hardware is cheap.
UHPLC-UV Method for Simultaneous Determination of Perindopril Arginine and Indapamide Hemihydrate in Combined Dosage Form: A Stability-Indicating Assay Method
Authors: Al-Tannak Naser
Published: February 2018

Perindopril arginine and Indapamide hemihydrate in combination were proven to have a synergistic antihypertensive impact when compared with the use of each component alone. Therefore, a new Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Ultraviolet detector (UHPLC-UV) method has been developed and subsequently validated for simultaneous determination of the anti-hypertensive combination of Perindopril arginine and Indapamide hemihydrate. The separation of Perindopril arginine and Indapamide hemihydrate was achieved using a BEH C18 (1.7 μm, 2.1 × 50 mm) analytical column (Waters® Acquity UPLC) and a mobile phase composed of 0.01% v/v formic acid in water adjusted to pH 4 with acetic acid and acetonitrile (40:60 v/v). The method was able to separate Perindopril arginine and Indapamide hemihydrate within less than 4.5 min with high accuracy, precision, resolution, and sensitivity. The content of Perindopril arginine and Indapamide hemihydrate present in the dosage form Coversyl Plus® (5000 µg of Perindopril arginine/1250 µg of Indapamide hemihydrate) was determined in triplicate to give a concentration of 4991 µg and 1247 µg, respectively, from the manufacturer’s stated amounts with Relative Standard Deviation (%RSD) of ±0.63% for Perindopril arginine and ±0.84% for Indapamide hemihydrate. Moreover, the degradation products of the combination were elucidated by UHPLC-Quadrupole Time of Flight-Mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS) under acidic, basic, and thermal conditions. In conclusion, the developed UHPLC-UV method was sensitive, rapid, and precise. Furthermore, forced degradation studies were performed and the degradants were identified by UHPLC-Electro-Spray Ionization-QToF (UHPLC-ESI-QToF).
Une analogie méconnue entre le Timée et les lois
Authors: Rashed Marwan
Published: February 2018

La question du rapport entre le Timée et ce qu’on appelle souvent les « doctrines non écrites » (ἄγραφα δόγµατα) a déjà suscité bien des discussions, de l’Antiquité jusqu’à une époque plus récente. Le but de la présente contribution est de se concentrer sur ce qui en apparaît le pivot, le statut intermédiaire des mathemata . Aristote attribue explicitement cet enseignement à Platon mais nous ne le trouvons pas formulé expressis verbis dans les dialogues. Je commencerai par rappeler une interprétation d’un passage important du Timée (55 c 7- d 6), d’après laquelle il faut y voir une allusion à la tripartition entre Formes, mathemata et choses sensibles. À cette lumière, je proposerai une nouvelle interprétation d’un texte fameux de la fin du livre V des Lois , qui consistera à montrer comment l’on peut concevoir une analogie serrée entre la tripartition ontologique du Timée et les trois « constitutions » (πολιτεῖαι) évoquées par Platon (739 a 1- e 7). Cette nouvelle interprétation pourrait avoir à son tour une certaine influence sur notre compréhension générale des Lois .
Promoting Successful Positive Aging Across the Health Continuum
Authors: Kaushik Pratima
Published: February 2018

The increase of human lifespans and the aging has brought increased attention to what factors contribute to aging healthy. People are not only interested in longevity but how to remain in the best health in their later years. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to (a) understand the concept of positive aging (b) identifying the factors contributing to successful positive aging across health continuum (c) review strategies that promotes management healthy aging in elderly, and (d) identify future directions to promote successful population health management programs/interventions. The holistic approach, therefore provide an opportunity to improve the situation of older people in society.
Brain Ageing and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Kaushik Rajpal , Kaushik Pratima
Published: February 2018

This chapter describes how an individual progresses towards aging, several age-related cognitive declines are becoming an ever-increasing problem. Ageing causes changes to brain size, vasculature, and cognition. Protective factors that reduce cardiovascular risk, namely regular exercise, a healthy diet, and low to moderate alcohol intake, seem to aid the ageing brain as does increase cognitive effort in the form of education or occupational attainment. A healthy life both physically and mentally may be the best defense against the changes of an ageing brain. This chapter aims to characterize changes in brain structure with aging, and to investigate relationships between brain aging and cognitive decline. Along with these it will make and attempt to identify possible management, treatment and preventive measures for managing cognitive impairment in brain ageing and promoting cognitive reserve for healthy brain ageing.
Aging and Cancer
Authors: Verma Shailendra Prasad , Mahour Pooja
Published: February 2018

This chapter describes aging and the resultant effects of aging. According to WHO report 8.8 million people died from cancer worldwide in 2015. The incidence of cancers increases with age. This increase incidence may be due to biological factors, prolonged exposure to carcinogens and incidence of mutations etc. Cancers in elderly may have poor biological vulnerability, presence of various co-morbidities and poor tolerance of therapy hence treatment got compromised. Elderly cancer patients also are neglected in various trials and strong data lacks for optimal management. Other important aspect is psychosocial state of these patients. Discipline of Psycho-oncology deals with patients with cancer, their lifestyle related difficulties, negligence by self, family members and society, Lack of emotional support, poor financial assistance and treatment monitoring etc. leading to various psychological problems. This chapter will address issues of cancers in elderly including disease biology, disease characteristics, management, their quality of life etc. with reference to elderly patients suffering from cancer.
Sensory Impairments and Challenges in Ageing
Authors: R. Ashwini , Prasad Barre Vijaya
Published: February 2018

This chapter describes how sensory impairment is often regarded from a medical/disability point of view and its effects on mental health can be poorly recognized. Communication is a key issue for deaf and deaf-blind people and difficulties here underlie developmental, psychological and emotional problems and delay or prevent appropriate assessment and treatment. Sensory related issues are seen as medical problems and as disabilities. 95% of the information about the world around us comes from our sight and hearing. However, the main concerns of visual and hearing affected by the total or partial absence of sight and/or hearing are usually how to live, how to learn and how to communicate. Their difficulties are often as much to do with society's attitudes towards them as with the direct effect of sensory impairment.
Thyroid Disease in Ageing and Risk Factors
Authors: Akbar Shamsi , Prasad Barre Vijaya
Published: February 2018

Thyroid disorders are highly prevalent, most frequently afflicting aging women. It is crucial to advance the means of diagnosing thyroid diseases, especially overt and subclinical hypothyroidism in elderly people, because thyroid-associated symptoms are very similar to symptoms of the normal aging process. Thyroid hormone production, metabolism, and action change with aging. The reference ranges for serum thyrotropin and thyroid hormones are derived mainly from younger populations. Thus, the prevalence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction is increased greatly in the elderly. There has been increasing interest in thyroid function in the elderly because of association of thyroid status with disability, cognitive function, cardiovascular disease risk, and longevity.
Design of Renewable Sources GIS for ASEAN Countries
Authors: Vaskov Alexey Gennad'evich , Lin Zay Yar , Tyagunov Mikhail Georgievich , Shestopalova Tatiana Aleksandrovna , Deryugina Galina Vladimirovna
Published: February 2018

The chapter prescribes fundamental properties of GIS, their special features in usage of evaluating gross potential, regional energy consumers of different types, and distributed energy grids development possibilities. Description of GIS elements for Republik of the Union of Myanmar is given: solar, wind, hydro, tide, and wave energy resources, their allocation, source distribution, type, and value of energy consumers. The chapter contains figures (colored print screens) of sections from prototype GIS for different renewable sources (due to the number of sources, but no less than 8) and also additional information that should be included in the GIS of the country with methods of information processing and presenting it to the user.
Innovative Means and Technologies Ensuring Electrical Safety of Agricultural Production
Authors: Khalin Eugene , Mikhaylova Elena
Published: February 2018

In this chapter the system of the innovative technologies, methods and devices providing electrical safety of modern agricultural production. These are systematized in the form of four groups, including information and communication intellectual technologies for support of adoption of unerring decisions and e-learning of personnel, innovative structural elements of electrical installations, new technical means of an electrical protection and the effective means of individual protection working in the electrical installations. The results of national standardization of requirements to the systems of e-learning production safety and also requirements of electrical safety to low-voltage electrical installations with renewable energy sources are reflected.
Cogeneration Solar Systems With Concentrators of Solar Radiation
Authors: Nesterenkov Peter Alexandrovich , Nesterenkova Laryssa Alexeevna , Nesterenkov Alexander Gennadievich
Published: February 2018

This chapter is focused on solar cogeneration systems. These systems are silicon unijunctioned photocells with an optimal combination of the value of solar radiation concentration ratio and solar cell cooling intensity within the laminar flow of the coolant. This is based on the balance of the power which is released by the photocells, into the electrical and thermal network and dispersed into the environment. There is an engineering method for calculating the annual productivity of linear photovoltaic panels presented. The principles of designing solar radiation concentrators and photovoltaic panels is also considered. A fundamental new technique for testing linear photovoltaic panels with a sun concentration is proposed. This is when the absolute temperature of the radiating surface is logically introduced and a difficultly determined parameter is excluded, taking into account the temperature distribution along the surface of the absorber, from the location of the coolant.
Innovative 10–110 kV Compact Controlled Overhead Lines
Authors: Postolati Vitali Mihail , Bicova Elena Vitalii
Published: February 2018

This chapter describes how the implementation of compact overhead lines equipped with FACTS devices, including phase angle regulator settings (compact controlled OHL), appears to be one of the most effective ways of power grid development. Compact-design OHL equipped with FACTS have many improvements over previous devices. The devices provide a 1.2-1.6-fold increase in OHL capacity without raising their voltage class. A 1.5–2-fold reduction in the area of land allocated for OHL with equal capacity. An electromagnetic field reduction in the external space, decreasing environmental effects and the impact on people. A 15–30% decrease of total costs per power transfer unit. The total energy loss reduces the power system, increasing OHL mechanical strength under severe weather conditions. Results of the comprehensive research and development in relation to 10–110 kV compact controlled power transmission lines together with theoretical bases, substantiation, and methodological approaches to their practical application and design experience are given in the chapter.
The Use of Microwave Energy at Thermal Treatment of Grain Crops
Authors: Budnikov Dmitry , Vasiliev Aleksey
Published: February 2018

Thermal treatment is used for different grain crops during the processes of drying, disinfection, and preparation to feeding, etc. The high cost of the processes is caused by the cost of energy and the energy-output ratio of the processes. The development of the processing regimes with the use of electric technologies in general and electromagnetic fields in particular can reduce the cost of the mentioned processes. When IR and MW fields are used, there occurs the direct heating of the grain material without the coolant, due to the effect of the field on water molecules in the kernels. As the grain is a colloid capillary-porous substance, moisture can be in a bound or free state that affects the properties of the material and the thermal processes in it. The use of the special programs gives vast possibilities for the design of such equipment. Using of MW fields allows reducing the cost of the thermal treatment 15-20% depending on the process and type of the processing material.
Vortex Effect, Vortex Power
Authors: Rudolf Serebryakov , Biryuk Vladimir Vasilyevich , Volov Vyacheslav
Published: February 2018

One of the non-traditional types of renewable energy is vortex energy, which arises when swirling flows of continuous media (e.g., liquid and gas) are formed and which can be converted into thermal energy, work, and also used to raise the temperature in some systems or to create a pressure gradient. Vortex structures are systematically found in many physical processes. In recent years, new aspects of studying the vortex have been considered. These aspects are associated with physical phenomena, which indicate the occurrence of nonlinear effects in liquid media. Vortex flows of continuous media are one of the most important and complex phenomena in the mechanics of liquids and gases. They are characterized by specific manifestations that are fundamentally different from the axial properties of the motion of the medium, such as the appearance of secondary flows.
Presowing Processing of Seeds in Magnetic Field
Authors: Kozyrskyi Volodymyr , Savchenko Vitaliy , Sinyavsky Oleksandr
Published: February 2018

The reclamation of new areas or distant lands, which have limited energy and material resources, requires the use of energy saving technologies, which include presowing processing of seeds in magnetic field. The aim of this chapter is to reveal the effect that magnetic field has on seeds and to detect the most effective condition to process seeds in magnetic field before sowing and constructive parameters of the equipment. Magnetic field accelerates chemical reactions, which occur in plant cells, salts and fertilizers dissolve better, and the permeability of cell membranes increases, which accelerates the diffusion of molecules and ions. Due to this, the concentration of ions and oxygen molecules in a cell increases and seeds absorb water better. Presowing processing of seeds stimulate 25–40% seedling emergence and 30–35% germination. The most effective condition of presowing processing of seeds in magnetic field is 0.065 Тl magnetic induction with four times magnetic reversal and 0.4 m/s seed velocity. As a result, agricultural crop yield increases approximately by 20–25%.
Implications of the Proposed Communication Service Tax Bill on the Socio-Economic Development of Nigeria
Authors: Assay Benjamin Enahoro
Published: February 2018

This chapter describes how the decision of the Nigerian government to introduce a Communication Service Tax Bill to the National Assembly to compel consumers of certain communication services to pay a 9 percent tax has pitted the government against major stakeholders in the ICT sector who are concerned about the future of the industry. While the government wants the legislative process regarding the bill to go on because of the financial gains that will accrue to it monthly, the stakeholders want it jettisoned for fear that it would impact negatively on the ICT sector and the economy, which is currently in recession. This chapter wades through the controversy by presenting the various positions canvassed by stakeholders and points the way ahead for the sector, which is fast becoming the hub of economic activities in Nigeria, to harness its full potentials for the overall benefit of the Nigerian society.
Exploring the Factors Influencing Acceptance of Mobile Phone
Authors: Mushi Renatus Michael
Published: February 2018

This chapter describes how the adoption and usage of technologies is influenced by a number of factors. Such factors tend to affect the perception of people to accept or reject a technology in their usage context. Mobile phone technology has gained popularity as a dependable tool in SMEs. In Tanzania, for example, it is used to accomplish activities such as marketing, communication and mobile money transactions. This chapter highlights the key factors which influence the acceptance of mobile phones as they are used by individual peoples in the SMEs. The conceptual model shows that TAM can be extended by factors such as perceived values in explaining the acceptance of mobile phone technology in Tanzanian SMEs.