bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of insole on the knee valgus angle and pelvic muscle activity
during high-intensity weight-bearing tasks
Authors: Oh Seung-Eun , Yoon Tae-Lim
Published: October 2021

Introduction

The purpose was to investigate changes in knee valgus angle, as well as associated pelvic muscles, gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae, when using an insole in people with leg length mismatch less than 2 cm in high-intensity weight-bearing tasks.

Methods

The knee valgus angle, muscle activity of the gluteus medius, and muscle activity of the tensor fasciae latae were measured with and without an insole during a drop jump task and a step landing task. All measurements were performed 3 times, and the average value was used. The subjects practised 3 times before the measurement and took a sufficient rest between each measurement.

Results

There was no significant difference between the knee valgus angles with or without an insole during the drop jump task or step landing task. For the drop jump task, a significant difference was observed in the muscle activity of the tensor fasciae latae on the short leg side; for the step landing task, a significant difference was noted in the muscle activity of the gluteus medius on the long leg side (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The use of insoles by people with leg length discrepancy during high-intensity landing may prevent non-contact anterior cruciate ligament damage, which is frequently seen in high-intensity landings.
TETO REMUNERATÓRIO CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Guedes Isabela Costa , Silva Edvaldo Fernandes , Costa Bárbara Cristina
Published: October 2021

O conteúdo proposto neste trabalho tem por objeto o teto remuneratório constitucional, o qual corresponde à limitação prevista na Constituição Federal de 1988 quanto aos valores percebidos por ocupantes de cargos públicos, sendo no âmbito da administração pública esf era federal, estadual ou municipal. O intuito é fazer uma sucinta análise histórica do instituto e apresentar as principais alterações desde sua concepção, além de expor temáticas atinentes ao assunto, como o recebimento de honorários de sucumbên
PRODUÇÃO LEGISLATIVA EM SAÚDE NOS ESTADOS DE AMAPÁ, MINAS GERAIS E PARÁ (2004-2010)
Authors: Silva Raimunda Eliene Sousa , Silva Maria Dolores Lima da , Sales Camila Maria Risso
Published: October 2021

Os estudos sobre produção legislativa no Brasil nos permitem compreender as relações entre os poderes, assim como verificar o papel das instituições polí­ticas na efetivação do Estado democrático de direito e na definição de polí­ticas públicas. Este trabalho visa analisar a produção legal sobre saúde no perí­odo de 2004 a 2010 nos estados do Amapá, Minas Gerais e Pará, com o objetivo de identificar a contribuição dos poderes Executivo e Legislativo estaduais para a efetivação desses direitos dos cidadãos. Para tanto, faremos uma abordagem exploratória de dados pesquisados nas Assembleias Legislativas, especificamente os projetos leis ordinária (PLO), com o fim de identificar as propostas que tramitaram nas Assembleias Legislativas dos estados, seus ritos e tempos de tramitação. Constatamos que nos estados analisados existe uma dinâmica interna entre os poderes Executivo e Legislativo direcionada para produção legislativa em saúde.
THỰC TRẠNG MẮC BỆNH BỤI PHỔI THAN CỦA NGƯỜI LAO ĐỘNG TẠI CÔNG TY CỔ PHẦN THAN VÀNG ANH, QUẢNG NINH NĂM 2021
Authors: Văn Duy Khương , Thị Quỳnh Nguyễn , Phương Thủy Khương , Thị Trang Đặng Lan Hương , Thanh Thảo Nguyễn
Published: October 2021

Mục tiêu: xác định tỷ lệ hiện mắc bệnh bụi than của người lao động tại Công ty cổ phần than Vàng Danh, Quảng Ninh năm 2021. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: nghiên cứu cắt ngang trên 1992 người lao động tiếp xúc trực tiếp với bụi than tại Công ty cổ phần than Vàng Danh, Quảng Ninh năm 2021. Kết quả: tỷ lệ mắc bệnh bụi than chiếm 15,8%, trong đó thể biến chứng là 2,9%. Tỷ lệ mắc bệnh bụi phổi than ở nam giới là 16,2%, hơn một nửa (56,6%) người mắc bệnh ở nhóm tuổi 30-39, nhóm tuổi nghề có tỷ lệ mắc bệnh cao nhất là 11-15 năm. Đa số đám mờ nhỏ có kích thước p/p (85,1%) và mật độ tổn thương ở nhóm 1 (60,6%). Kết luận: phần lớn đối tượng nghiên cứu không mắc bệnh bụi phổi than. Trong nhóm mắc bệnh bụi phổi than hầu hết là thể đơn thuần.
KESESUAIAN ERGONOMI MEJA BELAJAR DENGAN DATA ANTROPOMETRI SISWA DI SEKOLAH DASAR JAKARTA UTARA
Authors: Tarihoran Desmyanti , Irawan Robi , Astiarani Yunisa , Heidy Heidy
Published: October 2021

Analisis kesesuaian ergonomi meja belajar dengan antropometri anak belum banyak diterapkan di sekolah-sekolah dasar di Indonesia, padahal meja belajar yang ergonomis penting untuk kesehatan tulang belakang dalam masa pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian ergonomi meja belajar dengan data antropometri anak sekolah dasar di Jakarta Utara.Penelitian ini dilakukan secara cross sectional dan melibatkan 98 siswa dari kelas 1 sampai 6 SD di sebuah sekolah dasar di Jakarta Utara. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah pita meteran. Terdapat 100% ketidaksesuaian antara ergonomi meja belajar dengan data antropometri anak sekolah dasar yang dianalisis melalui persentil data antropometri. Panjang meja memiliki rerata presentase ketidaksesuaian terbesar (61.1%) dan presentase ketidaksesuaian panjang meja yang tertinggi terdapat pada kelas 1 (87.3%). Terdapat ketidaksesuaian antara ergonomi meja terhadap antropometri anak sekolah dasar di Jakarta Utara

Kata Kunci: ergonomi, antropometri, anak, sekolah dasar
PERAN AKUNTANSI AKRUAL DALAM PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 (Studi Kasus Pada RS. Ortopedi Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso)
Authors: Amalla Atalia Dezy , Bawono Andy Dwi Bayu
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine whether there has been a change in the preparation of financial reports managed by RSO during the Covid-19 pandemic, what obstacles occurred in the preparation of financial reports, what solutions were implemented, the process of implementing accounting management, the application of the accrual accounting system at RSO in the future. the covid-19 pandemic. This study uses interview techniques. The resource persons are the Head of the Accounting Subdivision and BMN, and the Accounting Staff. Data analysis techniques were obtained from interviews, field notes, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that there is no difference in the preparation of financial reports during the Covid-19 pandemic, the constraints faced are related to local accounts received related to the hospital accounting system; assets that have not been registered as well as upgrading the SAIBA application, the solution applied is to revise the SP3B regarding problems received locally; cross-check between budgeting and financial records; using excel with SAIBA templates, the management implementation process was not long before and during the pandemic because RSO used a load master and posting system, and the concept of e-government was implemented in RSO.

Keywords: accrual accounting, preparation of financial reports during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Errores en el registro de datos del sistema intrahospitalario de distribución de medicamentos
Authors: Verduguez Guzmán Basilia , Gómez Verduguez Camila Alejandra
Published: October 2021

Introducción:
Los sistemas intrahospitalarios sobre la distribución de medicamentos comprenden múltiples procesos en cadena, con la participación de diferentes personas por lo que es susceptible a la generación de errores.

Objetivo:
El propósito fue conocer la generación de posibles errores durante el proceso de registro de datos en el sistema intrahospitalario de distribución de medicamentos del Instituto Gastroenterológico Boliviano Japonés de Cochabamba.

Metodología:
Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal; donde se utilizó una lista de cotejos para la revisión del registro realizado en los formularios: kardex, recetario/recibo y hoja de tratamiento en el servicio de internación, así como también el registro de medicamentos dispensados realizado en el servicio de farmacia.

Resultados:
En el servicio de internación se identificó errores de omisión en el kardex de tratamiento, específicamente en el registro de la forma farmacéutica: comprimidos y frascos.. En el servicio de farmacia también se encontró errores de omisión en el registro de las mismas formas farmacéuticas. En los servicios de internación y farmacia, se encontró errores de comisión con el registro de dosis diferente en los formularios recibo recetario y hoja de tratamiento y de medicamento dispensado respectivamente superior al 30% en todos los casos.

Conclusiones:
Los errores identificados en el servicio de internación fueron errores de registro de tipo omisión y comisión. En el servicio de farmacia, los errores encontrados fueron errores de registro de tipo comisión.
O SÍTIO DO MOINHO DO CUSTÓDIO (ARRUDA DOS VINHOS): LEITURAS PRELIMINARES E ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O POVOAMENTO CALCOLÍTICO NA PENÍNSULA DE LISBOA
Authors: Sousa Ana Catarina , Lopes Jorge
Published: October 2021

No âmbito da Carta Arqueológica de Arruda dos Vinhos (2013-2015) efectua-se uma leitura global das ocorrências datáveis do 4º e 3o milénios a.n.e. neste território. O sítio do Moinho do Custódio, identificado em 2006, é objecto de uma análise circunstanciada, com as limitações inerentes a recolhas de superfície. Apresenta-se ainda uma breve análise dos modelos de povoamento do Neolítico final e Calcolítico, confrontando os dados de Arruda dos Vinhos com o panorama da Península de Lisboa.
O GUADIANA COMO FRONTEIRA? NOTAS PARA UM PROJECTO DE INVESTIGAÇÃO
Authors: Albuquerque Pedro
Published: October 2021

O objectivo deste trabalho é apresentar alguns aspectos - chave para um projecto de investigação intitulado O Baixo e Médio Guadiana (sécs. VIII a.C. - I d.D.): percursos de uma fronteira, fornecendo uma visão geral sobre as estratégias de investigação que podem ser desenvolvidas no sentido de obter uma perspectiva arqueológica da construção de fronteiras territoriais e simbólicas no Guadiana durante este período.
EQUIPAMENTOS DE CULTO NOS SANTUÁRIOS DA IDADE DO FERRO DO SUL DE PORTUGAL: OS ALTARES
Authors: Gomes Francisco B.
Published: October 2021

A presença de um conjunto de áreas de combustão estruturadas interpretáveis como altares em diversos espaços de culto da Idade do Ferro do Sul de Portugal encontra-se bem atestada. A variedade de contextos em que estas estruturas se enquadram implica, contudo, uma considerável diversidade morfológica, construtiva e mesmo funcional que traduz a adaptação destas estruturas às práticas sociais e rituais das comunidades que as utilizaram.
Türkiye’de Tapu Sicilinde Hisse Hataları
Authors: MERAL Hülya , AHSAN Md Moynul
Published: October 2021

Tapu sicilinin taşınmazlar üzerindeki malik ya da kullanıcısı açısından hakların açıklanması ve bu haklara bağlı hukuki durumlar hakkında bilgi vermesi gibi önemli işlevleri bulunmaktadır. Aynı zaman da tapu sicili üzerinde meydana gelen hataların düzeltilmesi, taşınmaz kayıtlarının gerçek hak sahipliğine uygun olması gerek kamuya karşı gerekse ilgilisine karşı açık olması ve yapılacak işlemlerin hukuki açıdan güvenir olması yönlerinden de önem taşımaktadır. Yapılan çalışma da, tapu sicili üzerinde yapılan hisse hatalarının çeşitlerine yer verilerek Çankaya Tapu Müdürlüğü, Espiye Tapu Müdürlüğü ve Altınordu Tapu Müdürlüğünde incelemeler yapılmış, ortaya çıkan sonuçlar doğrultusunda hisse hatalarının çeşitleri 9 farklı örnek üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, tapu müdürlüklerine iletilen belgelerin doğruyu eksiksiz bir şekilde temsil etmesi, tapu müdürlüğüne ibraz edilen bu belgelerin aynı zaman da tapu personeli tarafından çok iyi incelenmesi, hak sahibi tarafından istenilen tasarruf istemi ile tapu sicilin de tescilli olan kaydi durum arasında uyumsuzluk olup olmadığına dikkat edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Yapılacak işlemler de hisse kontrollerinin titizlikle yapılması ve oluşabilecek hataların engellenmesi gerekmektedir. Aksi durum da dikkatsizce ibraz edilen ve işlenen verilerin kişiler ve kurumlar açısından yanıltıcı boyutlarının olacağı öngörülmektedir.
An assessment of macrophysical and microphysical cloud properties driving radiative forcing of shallow trade-wind clouds
Authors: Luebke Anna Elizabeth , Ehrlich André , Schäfer Michael , Wolf Kevin , Wendisch Manfred
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The clouds in the Atlantic trade-wind region are known to have an important role in the global climate system. Acquiring a comprehensive characterization of these clouds based on observations is a challenge, but it is a necessary piece of information for the evaluation of their representation in models. An exploration of how the macrophysical and microphysical cloud properties and organization of the cloud field impact the large-scale cloud radiative forcing is presented here. Direct measurements of the cloud radiative effects from the Broadband AirCrAft RaDiometer Instrumentation (BACARDI) on board the High Altitude and LOng Range Research Aircraft (HALO) and cloud observations from the GOES-16 satellite during the Elucidating the role of clouds-circulation coupling in climate (EUREC4A) campaign provide evidence to demonstrate what drives the cloud radiative effects in shallow trade-wind clouds. We find that the solar and terrestrial radiative effects of these clouds are largely driven by their macrophysical properties (cloud fraction and a scene-averaged liquid water path). However, we also conclude that the microphysical properties, cloud top height and the organization of the cloud field demonstrate an increasing relevance in determining the cloud radiative effects as the cloud fraction increases.
The Role of Organic Acids in New Particle Formation from Methanesulfonic Acid and Methylamine
Authors: Zhang Rongjie , Shen Jiewen , Xie Hong-Bin , Chen Jingwen , Elm Jonas
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric organic acids (OAs) are expected to enhance methanesulfonic acid (MSA)-driven new particle formation (NPF). However, the exact role of OAs in MSA-driven NPF remains unclear. Here, we employed a two-step strategy to probe the role of OAs in MSA-methylamine (MA) NPF. Initially, we evaluated the enhancing potential of 12 commonly detected OAs in ternary MA-MSA-OA cluster formation by considering the formation free energies of the (MSA)1(MA)1(OA)1 clusters and the atmospheric concentrations of the OAs. It was found that formic acid (ForA) has the highest potential to stabilize the MA-MSA clusters. The high enhancing potential of ForA results from its acidity, structural factors such as no intramolecular H-bonds and high atmospheric abundance. The second step is to extend the MSA-MA-ForA system to larger cluster sizes. The results indicate that ForA can indeed enhance MSA-MA NPF at atmospheric conditions (the upper limited temperature is 258.15 K), indicating that ForA might have an important role in MSA-driven NPF. The enhancing effect of ForA is mainly caused by an increased formation of the (MSA)2(MA)1 cluster, which is involved in the pathway of binary MSA-MA nucleation. Hence, our results indicate that OAs might be required to facilitate MSA-driven NPF in the atmosphere.
Demistify: an LES and SCM intercomparison of radiation fog
Authors: Boutle Ian , Angevine Wayne , Bao Jian-Wen , Bergot Thierry , Bhattacharya Ritthik , Bott Andreas , Ducongé Leo , Forbes Richard , Goecke Tobias , Grell Evelyn , Hill Adrian , Igel Adele , Kudzotsa Innocent , Lac Christine , Maronga Bjorn , Romakkaniemi Sami , Schmidli Juerg , Schwenkel Johannes , Steeneveld Gert-Jan , Vié Benoît
Published: October 2021

Abstract. An intercomparison between 10 single-column (SCM) and 5 large-eddy simulation (LES) models is presented for a radiation fog case study inspired by the LANFEX field campaign. 7 of the SCMs represent single-column equivalents of operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, whilst 3 are research-grade SCMs designed for fog simulation, and the LES are designed to reproduce in the best manner currently possible the underlying physical processes governing fog formation. The LES model results are of variable quality, and do not provide a consistent baseline against which to compare the NWP models, particularly under high aerosol or cloud droplet number (CDNC) conditions. The main SCM bias appears to be toward over-development of fog, i.e. fog which is too thick, although the inter-model variability is large. In reality there is a subtle balance between water lost to the surface and water condensed into fog, and the ability of a model to accurately simulate this process strongly determines the quality of its forecast. Some NWP-SCMs do not represent fundamental components of this process (e.g. cloud droplet sedimentation) and therefore are naturally hampered in their ability to deliver accurate simulations. Finally, we show that modelled fog development is as sensitive to the shape of the cloud droplet size distribution, a rarely studied or modified part of the microphysical parametrization, as it is to the underlying aerosol or CDNC.
Aerosol transport pathways and source attribution in China during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Ren Lili , Yang Yang , Wang Hailong , Wang Pinya , Chen Lei , Zhu Jia , Liao Hong
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, human activities
and industrial productions were strictly restricted during January–March
2020 in China. Despite the fact that anthropogenic aerosol emissions largely
decreased, haze events still occurred. Characterization of aerosol transport
pathways and attribution of aerosol sources from specific regions are
beneficial to air quality and pandemic control strategies. This study
establishes source–receptor relationships in various regions covering all of China during the COVID-19 outbreak based on the Community Atmosphere
Model version 5 with Explicit Aerosol Source Tagging (CAM5-EAST). Our
analysis shows that PM2.5 burden over the North China Plain between
30 January and 19 February is mostly contributed by local emissions
(40 %–66 %). For other regions in China, PM2.5 burden is largely
contributed from nonlocal sources. During the most polluted days of the
COVID-19 outbreak, local emissions within the North China Plain and eastern
China contributed 66 % and 87 % to the increase in surface
PM2.5 concentrations, respectively. This is associated with the anomalous
mid-tropospheric high pressure at the location of the climatological East Asia
trough and the consequently weakened winds in the lower troposphere, leading
to the local aerosol accumulation. The emissions outside China, especially
those from South Asia and Southeast Asia, contribute over 50 % to the increase
in PM2.5 concentration in southwestern China through transboundary
transport during the most polluted day. As the reduction in emissions in the
near future is desirable, aerosols from long-range transport and unfavorable
meteorological conditions are increasingly important to regional air quality
and need to be taken into account in clean-air plans.
Impacts of tropical cyclones on the thermodynamic conditions in the tropical tropopause layer observed by A-Train satellites
Authors: Feng Jing , Huang Yi
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is the transition layer between the troposphere and the stratosphere. Tropical cyclones may impact the TTL by perturbing the vertical distributions of cloud, temperature, and water vapor. This study combines several A-Train instruments, including radar from CloudSat, lidar from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite, and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the Aqua satellite, to detect signatures of cyclone impacts on the distribution patterns of cloud, water vapor, temperature, and radiation by compositing these thermodynamic fields relative to the cyclone center location. Based on the CloudSat 2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR product, this study finds that tropical cyclone events considerably increase the occurrence frequencies of TTL clouds, in the form of cirrus clouds above a clear troposphere. The amount of TTL cloud ice, however, is found to be mostly contributed by overshooting deep convection that penetrates the base of the TTL at 16 km. To overcome the lack of temperature and water vapor products in cloudy conditions, this study implements a synergistic method that retrieves temperature, water vapor, ice water content, and effective radius simultaneously by incorporating observations from AIRS, CloudSat, and CALIPSO. Using the synergistic method, we find a vertically oscillating pattern of temperature anomalies above tropical cyclones, with warming beneath the cloud top (around 16 km) and cooling above. Based on water vapor profiles retrieved by the synergistic method, we find that the layer integrated water vapor (LIWV) above 16 km is higher above tropical cyclones, especially above overshooting deep convective clouds, compared to climatological values. Moreover, we find that the longwave and net radiative cooling effect of clouds prevails within 1000 km of tropical cyclone centers. The radiative heating effects of clouds from the CloudSat 2B-FLXHR-LIDAR product are well differentiated by the collocated brightness temperature of an infrared window channel from the collocated AIRS L1B product. By performing instantaneous radiative heating rate calculations, we further find that TTL hydration is usually associated with radiative cooling of the TTL, which inhibits the diabatic ascent of moist air across isentropic surfaces to the stratosphere. Therefore, the radiative balance of the TTL under the impact of the cyclone does not favor the maintenance of moist anomalies in the TTL or transporting water vertically to the stratosphere.
A black carbon peak and its sources in the free troposphere of Beijing induced by cyclone lifting and transport from central China
Authors: Wang Zhenbin , Zhu Bin , Kang Hanqing , Lu Wen , Yan Shuqi , Zhao Delong , Zhang Weihang , Gao Jinhui
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Observations suggest that the vertical distributions of air pollutants, such as black carbon (BC), present as various types depending on the emission sources and meteorological diffusion conditions. However, the formation process and source appointment of some special BC profiles are not fully understood. In this paper, by using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) with a BC-tagging technique, we investigate the formation mechanism and regional sources of a BC peak in the free troposphere observed by an aircraft flight in
Beijing (BJ) on 5 May 2018. The results show that the contribution rate
of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region to the surface BC of BJ exceeded 80 % in this case. Local sources dominated BC in BJ from the surface to approximately 700 m (78.5 %), while the BC peak in the free troposphere (∼4000 m) was almost entirely imported from external sources (99.8 %). Combining BC tracking and process analysis, we find that horizontal advection (HADV) and vertical advection (VADV) processes played an important role in the convergent and upward movement and the transport of BC. The BC originating from the surface in central provinces, including Shanxi (SX), Henan (HN), and Hebei (HB), had been uplifted through a cyclone system 16 h previously, was transported to a height of approximately 3000 m above BJ, and was then lifted by the VADV process to approximately 4000 m. At the surface, BJ and its surroundings were under the control of a weak pressure gradient, leading to the accumulation of BC within the boundary layer. Our results indicate that cyclone systems can quickly lift air pollutants, such as BC, up to the free troposphere, as well as extend their lifetimes and further affect the regional atmospheric environment and climate.
A detailed radiostratigraphic data set for the central East Antarctic Plateau spanning from the Holocene to the mid-Pleistocene
Authors: Cavitte Marie G. P. , Young Duncan A. , Mulvaney Robert , Ritz Catherine , Greenbaum Jamin S. , Ng Gregory , Kempf Scott D. , Quartini Enrica , Muldoon Gail R. , Paden John , Frezzotti Massimo , Roberts Jason L. , Tozer Carly R. , Schroeder Dustin M. , Blankenship Donald D.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. We present an ice-penetrating radar data set which consists of 26 internal reflecting horizons (IRHs) that cover the entire Dome C area of the East Antarctic plateau, the most extensive to date in the region. This data set uses radar surveys collected over the space of 10 years, starting with an airborne international collaboration in 2008 to explore the region, up to the detailed ground-based surveys in support of the Beyond EPICA – Oldest Ice (BE-OI) European Consortium. Through direct correlation with the EPICA-DC ice core, we date 19 IRHs that span the past four glacial cycles, from 10 ka, beginning of the Holocene, to over 350 ka, ranging from 10 % to 83 % of the ice thickness at the EPICA-DC ice core site. We indirectly date and provide stratigraphic information for seven older IRHs using a 1D ice flow inverse model, going back to an estimated 700 ka. Depth and age uncertainties are quantified for all IRHs and provided as part of the data set.
The IRH data set presented in this study is available at the US Antarctic Program Data Center (USAP-DC) (https://doi.org/10.15784/601411, Cavitte et al., 2020) and represents a contribution to the SCAR AntArchitecture action group (AntArchitecture, 2017).
Glider Observations of Thermohaline Staircases in the Tropical North Atlantic Using an Automated Classifier
Authors: Rollo Callum , Heywood Karen J. , Hall Rob A.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Thermohaline staircases are stepped structures of alternating thick mixed layers and thin high gradient interfaces. These structures can be up to several tens of metres thick and are associated with double-diffusive mixing. Thermohaline staircases occur across broad swathes of the Arctic and tropical/subtropical oceans and can increase rates of diapycnal mixing by up to five times the background rate, driving substantial nutrient fluxes to the upper ocean. In this study, we present an improved classification algorithm to detect thermohaline staircases in ocean glider profiles. We use a dataset of 1162 glider profiles from the tropical North Atlantic collected in early 2020 at the edge of a known thermohaline staircase region. The algorithm identifies thermohaline staircases in 97.7 % of profiles that extend deeper than 300 m. We validate our algorithm against previous results obtained from algorithmic classification of Argo float profiles. Using fine resolution temperature data from a fast-response thermistor on one of the gliders, we explore the effect of varying vertical bin sizes on detected thermohaline staircases. Our algorithm builds on previous work with improved flexibility and the ability to classify staircases from profiles with poor salinity data. Using our results, we propose that the incidence of thermohaline staircases is limited by strong background vertical gradients in conservative temperature and absolute salinity.
A parameterization of sub-grid topographical effects on solar radiation in the E3SM Land Model (version 1.0): implementation and evaluation over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Hao Dalei , Bisht Gautam , Gu Yu , Lee Wei-Liang , Liou Kuo-Nan , Leung L. Ruby
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Topography exerts significant influences on the incoming
solar radiation at the land surface. A few stand-alone regional and global
atmospheric models have included parameterizations for sub-grid topographic
effects on solar radiation. However, nearly all Earth system models (ESMs)
that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) use a plane-parallel (PP) radiative transfer scheme that assumes that the terrain is
flat. In this study, we incorporated a well-validated sub-grid topographic
(TOP) parameterization in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Land
Model (ELM) version 1.0 to quantify the effects of sub-grid topography on
solar radiation flux, including the shadow effects and multi-scattering
between adjacent terrain. We studied the role of sub-grid topography by
performing ELM simulations with the PP and TOP schemes over the Tibetan
Plateau (TP). Additional ELM simulations were performed at multiple spatial
resolutions to investigate the role of spatial scale on sub-grid topographic effects on solar radiation. The Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data was used to compare with the ELM simulations.
The results show that topography has non-negligible effects on surface
energy budget, snow cover, snow depth, and surface temperature over the TP.
The absolute differences in surface energy fluxes for net solar radiation,
latent heat flux, and sensible heat flux between TOP and PP exceed 20, 10, and 5 W m−2, respectively. The differences in land surface albedo, snow cover fraction, snow depth, and surface temperature between TOP and PP exceed 0.1, 0.1, 10 cm, and 1 K, respectively. The magnitude of the sub-grid topographic effects is dependent on seasons and elevations and is also sensitive to the spatial scales. Although the sub-grid topographic effects on solar radiation are larger with more spatial details at finer spatial scales, they cannot be simply neglected at coarse spatial scales. When compared to MODIS data,
incorporating the sub-grid topographic effects overall reduces the biases of ELM in simulating surface energy balance, snow cover, and surface temperature, especially in the high-elevation and snow-covered regions over the TP. The inclusion of sub-grid topographic effects on solar radiation
parameterization in ELM will contribute to advancing our understanding of
the role of the surface topography on terrestrial processes over complex
terrain.
GSTools v1.3: A toolbox for geostatistical modelling in Python
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Schüler Lennart , Zech Alraune , Heße Falk
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Geostatistics as a subfield of statistics accounts for the spatial correlations encountered in many applications of e.g. Earth Sciences. Valuable information can be extracted from these correlations, also helping to address the often encountered burden of data scarcity. Despite the value of additional data, the use of geostatistics still falls short of its potential. This problem is often connected to the lack of user-friendly software hampering the use and application of geostatistics. We therefore present GSTools, a Python-based software suite for solving a wide range of geostatistical problems. We chose Python due to its unique balance between usability, flexibility, and efficiency and due to its adoption in the scientific community. GSTools provides methods for generating random fields, it can perform kriging and variogram estimation and much more. We demonstrate its abilities by virtue of a series of example application detailing their use.
Unshielded precipitation gauge collection efficiency with wind speed and hydrometeor fall velocity
Authors: Hoover Jeffery , Earle Michael E. , Joe Paul I. , Sullivan Pierre E.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Collection efficiency transfer functions that compensate
for wind-induced collection loss are presented and evaluated for unshielded
precipitation gauges. Three novel transfer functions with wind speed and
precipitation fall velocity dependence are developed, including a function
from computational fluid dynamics modelling (CFD), an experimental fall
velocity threshold function (HE1), and an experimental linear fall velocity
dependence function (HE2). These functions are evaluated alongside universal
(KUniversal) and climate-specific (KCARE) transfer functions with
wind speed and temperature dependence. Transfer function performance is
assessed using 30 min precipitation event accumulations reported by
unshielded and shielded Geonor T-200B3 precipitation gauges over two winter
seasons. The latter gauge was installed in a Double Fence Automated
Reference (DFAR) configuration. Estimates of fall velocity were provided by
the Precipitation Occurrence Sensor System (POSS). The CFD function reduced
the RMSE (0.08 mm) relative to KUniversal (0.20 mm), KCARE (0.13 mm), and the unadjusted measurements (0.24 mm), with a bias error of
0.011 mm. The HE1 function provided a RMSE of 0.09 mm and bias error of
0.006 mm, capturing the collection efficiency trends for rain and snow well.
The HE2 function better captured the overall collection efficiency,
including mixed precipitation, resulting in a RMSE of 0.07 mm and bias error
of 0.006 mm. These functions are assessed across solid and liquid
hydrometeor types and for temperatures between −22 and 19 ∘C. The results demonstrate that transfer functions incorporating
hydrometeor fall velocity can dramatically reduce the uncertainty of
adjusted precipitation measurements relative to functions based on
temperature.
Multivariate localization functions for strongly coupled data assimilation in the bivariate Lorenz 96 system
Authors: Stanley Zofia , Grooms Ian , Kleiber William
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Localization is widely used in data assimilation schemes to mitigate the impact of sampling errors on ensemble-derived background error covariance matrices. Strongly coupled data assimilation allows observations in one component of a coupled model to directly impact another component through the inclusion of cross-domain terms in the background error covariance matrix.
When different components have disparate dominant spatial scales, localization between model domains must properly account for the multiple length scales at play. In this work, we develop two new multivariate localization functions, one of which is a multivariate extension of the fifth-order piecewise rational Gaspari–Cohn localization function; the within-component localization functions are standard Gaspari–Cohn with different localization radii, while the cross-localization function is newly constructed. The functions produce positive semidefinite localization matrices which are suitable for use in both Kalman filters and variational data assimilation schemes. We compare the performance of our two new multivariate localization functions to two other multivariate localization functions and to the univariate and weakly coupled analogs of all four functions in a simple experiment with the bivariate Lorenz 96 system. In our experiments, the multivariate Gaspari–Cohn function leads to better performance than any of the other multivariate localization functions.
Local-scale deposition of surface snow on the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Zuhr Alexandra M. , Münch Thomas , Steen-Larsen Hans Christian , Hörhold Maria , Laepple Thomas
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Ice cores from polar ice sheets and glaciers are an important climate archive. Snow layers, consecutively deposited and buried, contain climatic information from the time of their formation. However, particularly low-accumulation areas are characterised by temporally intermittent precipitation, which can be further redistributed after initial deposition, depending on the local surface features at different spatial scales. Therefore, the accumulation conditions at an ice core site influence the quantity and quality of the recorded climate signal in proxy records. This study aims to characterise the local accumulation patterns and the evolution of the snow height to describe the contribution of the snow (re-)deposition to the overall noise level in climate records from ice cores. To this end, we applied a structure-from-motion photogrammetry approach to generate near-daily elevation models of the surface snow for a 195 m2 area in the vicinity of the deep drilling site of the East Greenland Ice-core Project in northeast Greenland. Based on the snow height information we derive snow height changes on a day-to-day basis throughout our observation period from May to August 2018 and find an average snow height increase of ∼ 11 cm. The spatial and temporal data set also allows an investigation of snow deposition versus depositional modifications. We observe irregular snow deposition and erosion causing uneven snow accumulation patterns, a removal of more than 60 % of the deposited snow, and a negative relationship between the initial snow height and the amount of accumulated snow. Furthermore, the surface roughness decreased by approximately a factor of 2 throughout the spring and summer season at our study site. Finally, our study shows that structure from motion is a relatively simple method to demonstrate the potential influences of depositional processes on proxy signals in snow and ice.
Insensitivity of mass loss of Icelandic Vatnajökull ice cap to solar geoengineering
Authors: Yue Chao , Schmidt Louise Steffensen , Zhao Liyun , Wolovick Michael , Moore John C.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Geoengineering by stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) may reduce the mass loss from Vatnajökull ice cap (VIC), Iceland, by slowing surface temperature rise, despite relative increases in ocean heat flux brought by the Atlantic Meridional Circulation (AMOC). Although surface mass balance (SMB) is affected by the local climate, the sea level contribution is also dependent on ice dynamics. We use the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) to estimate the VIC mass balance under the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) RCP4.5, 8.5 and GeoMIP (Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project) G4 SAI scenarios during the period 1982–2089. The G4 scenario is based on the RCP4.5, but with additional 5 Tg yr−1 of SO2 injection to the lower stratosphere. By 2089, G4 reduces VIC mass loss from 16 % lost under RCP4.5, to 12 %. Ice dynamics are important for ice cap loss rates, increasing mass loss for RCP4.5 and G4 by 1/4 to 1/3 compared with excluding ice dynamics, but making no difference to mass loss difference under the scenarios. We find that VIC dynamics are remarkably insensitive to climate forcing partly because of AMOC compensation to SMB and low rates of iceberg calving making ocean forcing close to negligible. But the exceptionally high geothermal heat flow under parts of the ice cap which produces correspondingly high basal melt rates means that surface forcing changes are relatively less important than for glaciers with lower geothermal heat flow.
Differentiating lightning in winter and summer with characteristics of wind-field and mass-field
Authors: Morgenstern Deborah , Stucke Isabell , Simon Thorsten , Mayr Georg J. , Zeileis Achim
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Lightning in winter (December, January, February, DJF) is rare compared to lightning in summer (June, July, August, JJA) in central Europe. The conventional explanation attributes the scarcity of winter lightning to seasonally low values of variables that create favorable conditions in summer. Here we systematically examine whether different meteorological processes are at play in winter. We use cluster analysis and principal component analysis and find physically meaningful groups in ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis data and lightning data for northern Germany. Two sets of conditions emerged: Wind-field-dominated and mass-field (temperature) dominated lightning conditions. Wind-field type lightning is characterized by increased wind speeds, high cloud shear, large dissipation of kinetic energy in the boundary layer, and moderate temperatures. Clouds are close to the ground and a relatively large fraction of the clouds is warmer than −10 °C. Mass-field type lightning is characterized by increased convective available potential energy (CAPE), the presence of convective inhibition (CIN), high temperatures, and accompanying large amounts of water vapor. Large amounts of cloud-physics variables related to charge separation such as ice particles and solid hydrometeors further differentiate both mass-field and wind-field lightning. Winter lightning is wind-field driven whereas in summer lightning is mostly mass-field driven with a small fraction of cases being wind-field driven. Consequently, typical weather situations for wind-field lightning in the study area in northern Germany are strong westerlies with embedded cyclones. For mass-field lightning, the area is typically on the anticyclonic side of a southwesterly jet.
Arte contemporáneo y naturaleza
Authors: Asenjo Fernández Ignacio
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo se centra en que la naturaleza se ha convertido en un asunto habitual en el arte contemporáneo. El texto se articula en torno a una selección de temas a modo de apunte, como la complejidad, la alianza en la lucha contra el cambio climático, la ecosofía, la transformación ecosocial o la conexión ecológica, que son puntos de encuentro entre el medio natural y la inquietud creativa en la escena artística de las últimas décadas. Dicha selección está tejida con ejemplos que se exploran en la práctica artística contemporánea.
Sublevaciones cartográficas y medioambiente. Los mapeos de Iconolasistas sobre la minería en Argentina (2008-2011)
Authors: Sosa Rocío Irene , Milomes Ana Magdalena
Published: October 2021

En los últimos años, los conflictos sobre los procesos de apropiación y explotación intensiva de la naturaleza se han hecho presentes en el ámbito sociocultural en general y el artístico en particular. En el marco de muestras, bienales y ferias de arte este fenómeno adquiere una dimensión peculiar: la de «apagar» o «neutralizar» la lucha socioambiental. En torno al avance de la megaminería en el noroeste argentino, el objetivo de este artículo es vislumbrar la relación entre la visualidad y la colonialidad presentes en los regímenes del ver. A partir de un marco teórico descolonial, compuesto por los aportes de Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui y Boaventura de Sousa Santos, se analizan las prácticas contra-cartográficas del dúo Iconoclasistas sobre las problemáticas ambientales, tomando en consideración las piezas Ni por todo el oro del mundo (2010) y Mina Bajo La Alumbrera (2011).
PEDAGOGIA DA AUTONOMIA: EXPERIÊNCIAS DODISCENTES EM TEMPOS DA PANDEMIA
Authors: Gontijo Simone Braz Ferreira , Matias Juliana Parente
Published: October 2021

O artigo discute os resultados da pesquisa-ação que estudou a obra Pedagogia da Autonomia: saberes necessários à prática educativa (2020), com licenciandos em Prática de Ensino. A atividade foi desenvolvida por meio de aulas remotas síncronas fundamentadas nos princípios da aprendizagem dialógica. Neste artigo, são analisados os dados do instrumento de autoavaliação e avaliação da disciplina aplicados com a finalidade de levantar as percepções dos estudantes acerca de suas aprendizagens. Os resultados apontam que a trajetória dos estudantes enquanto sujeitos de sua aprendizagem foi permeada pela ressignificação/tomada de consciência quanto às ideias apresentadas por Freire e sua relação com os saberes docentes, rumo à conscientização quanto ao seu papel como professor. 
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pedagogia da Autonomia. Formação Docente. Pesquisa-ação. Ensino.
ATUALIDADE DA CONCEPÇÃO DE RADICALIDADE EM PAULO FREIRE NOS PRIMEIROS ESCRITOS NO EXÍLIO: DELINEAMENTOS PARA PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS NA DIREÇÃO DA EMANCIPAÇÃO HUMANA
Authors: Marques Eliana de Sousa Alencar , Oliveira Josiane Sousa Costa de , Bonfim Luiz Jesus Santos
Published: October 2021

Este texto objetiva analisar a concepção de radicalidade humanizadora em Paulo Freire e as determinações que esse conceito engendra às práticas educativas com vistas à emancipação humana. Ele resulta de pesquisa bibliográfica nas obras “Pedagogia do Oprimido” (2013) e “Educação como prática de liberdade” (2015), e nas reflexões de apropriadores. A radicalidade humanizadora em Freire é produto da sua práxis, resultado da sua busca para compreender melhor os elementos da realidade e atuar de forma consciente rumo à transformação da realidade social. Com efeito, a radicalidade de Freire é humanizadora porque defende a emancipação humana. É humanizador salvaguardar a possibilidade de emancipação e da constituição do ser mais dos indivíduos a partir da construção coletiva e ativa, envolvendo diretamente os oprimidos.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pedagogia Freireana. Radicalidade. Transformação Social. Práticas Educativas.
ENSINO REMOTO EMERGENCIAL NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR: UMA REFLEXÃO BASEADA EM PAULO FREIRE
Authors: Gudolle Lucas Socoloski , Blando Alessandra , Franco Sérgio Roberto Kieling
Published: October 2021

Neste ensaio buscou-se problematizar o ensino remoto emergencial no contexto da educação superior durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Para tal, partiu-se das concepções de educação bancária e de educação libertadora proposta por Paulo Freire, em sua principal obra Pedagogia do Oprimido. Apresentam-se também questionamentos acerca do ensino remoto emergencial como uma prática tradicional que segue se perpetuando, apesar do uso das tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação (TDICs). Ao final, abordam-se as possíveis dificuldades enfrentadas por educadores e educandos nessa transição do ensino presencial para o ensino remoto emergencial.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ensino Remoto Emergencial. Pandemia. Educação Bancária. Educação Problematizadora.
PODER, POLÍTICA E TRADUÇÃO: NOTAS PARA UMA GENEALOGIA DO PENSAMENTO FREIREANO NO EXTERIOR
Authors: Barros Sandro Rodrigo de , Vicente Melissa Mendes Caputo
Published: October 2021

O presente ensaio propõe uma reflexão acerca da apropriação do pensamento de Paulo Freire pela vertente da pedagogia crítica anglo-saxônica, analisando genealogicamente a construção do cânone freireano no exterior. Para tanto, determinados aspectos hermenêuticos serão abordados acerca das traduções para o inglês de sua obra principal, Pedagogia do Oprimido, na tentativa de resgatar as dimensões epistêmicas de sua filosofia, sobre o tripé da ética, da dialética e da espiritualidade que nortearam a prosa de Freire.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Paulo Freire. Decolonialidade. Genealogia. Pedagogia Crítica.
Resectoscopic Surgery Part II: Introducing Ultrasound Guidance for Intermediate-Level Surgical Procedures
Authors:   Center for Menstrual Disorders Clinical Associate Professor of Gynecology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York, Wortman Morris
Published: October 2021

In Part I of this three-part series, the author reviewed the importance of resectoscopic surgery and the many advantages it provides to the patient and to the minimally invasive gynecologic surgeon. In Part I, we reviewed the obstacles to mastering this 30-year-old technology and how the motivated surgeon can overcome them. Although many basic resectoscopic procedures have been supplanted by global endometrial ablation (GEA) devices and hysteroscopic morcellators (HMs), the limitations of these restrictive technologies are quickly evident as the surgeon encounters increasingly complex and demanding cases. In Part II, the author examines intermediate-level procedures that cannot be managed with global endometrial ablation or hysteroscopic morcellators—endomyometrial resection (EMR), the resection of larger and multiple submucous leiomyomas and endometrial polyps, the incision of uterine septae, and the management of severe cervical stenosis. In Part II, we will also describe how to incorporate ultrasound guidance into one’s surgical armamentarium and its role in assisting the minimally invasive gynecologic surgeon in the safe execution of these more challenging cases.
Social media as a factor in personal injury underwriting: risk, rate and regulation
Authors: Weston Harold , Wells Brenda P.
Published: October 2021

In this study, the authors analyze the rise of social media claims and how such consumer usage of social media and other types of data might be analyzed to ascertain predictive and appropriate rate factors. Rates must be based on approved rate factors, which must correlate with the risk, be predictive of losses, and not be unfairly discriminatory.