bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre changements personnels et changements politiques
Authors: de Salins Antoine
Published: October 2011

A partir de trois positions, celles d’un chercheur engagé sur les questions d’environnement, d’une élue politique, d’un spécialiste de l’éthique financière, une même invitation à articuler la prise de conscience collective – chargée d’établir les règles – et les responsabilités individuelles, pour se donner des références nouvelles.
Innover, grâce au commerce équitable
Authors: Sebaut Benoit
Published: October 2011

Le commerce équitable souhaite mettre l’économie au service du développement pour répondre aux effets pervers de la mondialisation. Son aspect innovant et son respect de valeurs communes (équité, solidarité, dignité, environnement) le rendent essentiel. Les deux axes de son développement : « labellisation » et l’intégration.
Rénover les quartiers
Authors: Cassaigne Bertrand
Published: October 2011

Pour une meilleure rénovation, il faut sortir des stéréotypes et construire le dialogue avec les habitants. Tisser le lien social est capital pour comprendre les attentes de la population et ainsi parvenir au bien commun.
L'aide au développement
Authors: Urfer Sylvain
Published: October 2011

Resumé Jean-Michel Séverino et Jean-Michel Debrat, L’aide au développement , Le Cavalier Bleu, 2010, 128 p., 9,80 €
Après le miracle. Chroniques d'Afrique du Sud
Authors: Urfer Sylvain
Published: October 2011

Resumé Patrick Fandio, Après le miracle. Chroniques d’Afrique du Sud , Ed. du Mouvement, 2010, 180 p., 16,50 €
Au commencement était la mondialisation.
Authors: Urfer Sylvain
Published: October 2011

Resumé Nayan Chanda, Au commencement était la mondialisation. La grande saga des aventuriers, missionnaires, soldats et marchands , Cnrs Éditions, 2010, 448 p., 25 €
Développement durable, ou le gouvernement du changement total
Authors: de Zélicourt Diane
Published: October 2011

Resumé Yannick Rumpala, Développement durable, ou le gouvernement du changement total , Le Bord de l’eau, 2010, 436 p., 24 €
La crise. Les voies de sortie
Authors: Perrot Étienne
Published: October 2011

Resumé Michel Aglietta, La crise. Les voies de sortie, Michalon, 2010, 122 p., 14 €
Ouverture
Authors: Merckaert Jean
Published: October 2011

Resumé Il est des écarts de richesse indécents. Il est aussi des richesses non monétaires. Mais rien de tout cela ne semble émouvoir les possédants. Organisés en classe sociale comme nuls autres, ils ne connaissent pas la crise. Bien au contraire.
« La justice, une affaire de professionnels ? (introduction) »
Authors: Merckaert Jean
Published: October 2011

Resumé Les citoyens seront désormais appelés à juger, aux côtés des magistrats, de certains délits. Ainsi en a décidé le parlement. Parce qu’elle est rendue « au nom du peuple français », la justice doit-elle être rendue par le peuple ? Selon que l’on est juré d’assises, juge professionnel ou constitutionnaliste, le regard diffère.
Quand les citoyens rendent la justice
Authors: Giglio-Jacquemot Armelle , Jellab Aziz
Published: October 2011

Resumé Le recours aux jurés se répand. Déjà présents en cour d’assises, comment vivent-ils cette expérience de « juge d’un jour » ? Peu préparés, inquiets quant à leur légitimité, ils oscillent entre déférence envers les magistrats et crainte de manipulation. Les assises deviennent une école de délibération démocratique.
Juger, une profession et un acte citoyen
Authors: Rousseau Dominique
Published: October 2011

Resumé Le pouvoir des juges inquiète l’exécutif. Il interroge aussi le législateur, car c’est l’interprétation des lois qui leur donne une portée effective. Plus que l’élection, associer des citoyens est un moyen d’asseoir la légitimité de la justice, permettant aussi de renouveler la démocratie.
Quand Rome parle du travail
Authors: Terrel-Salmon Françoise
Published: October 2011

Resumé Exclusivité web – C’est avec la seconde révolution industrielle que l’Eglise s’engage sur le problème du travail. L’encyclique Rerum Novarum , pilier du Discours social de l’Eglise, a pour sujet la condition des ouvriers, mais elle consacre au travail lui-même un long développement. C’est à ce texte fondamental que se référeront toutes les encycliques suivantes. Source : www.discours-social-catholique.fr
Des camps pour retenir les clandestins hors d'Europe
Authors: Alt Jörg
Published: October 2011

Resumé Des camps en Afrique du Nord et ailleurs, aux contours juridiques flous. Leur but n’est-il pas d’échapper au contrôle de l’opinion ?
Se perdre sur un rocher
Authors: Warnier de Wailly Céline
Published: October 2011

Resumé A malte, comme dans d’autres pays du sud ou de l’est de l’Europe, les demandeurs d’asile sont retenus jusqu’à 18 mois dans des camps, dans des conditions déplorables.
Le niqâb, pour s'affirmer ?
Authors: Amghar Samir
Published: October 2011

Resumé Le port du voile intégral peut être le signe d’une quête identitaire de la part de féministes musulmanes en France. Mais le salafisme qui le prône se situe dans une position purement religieuse.
L'épreuve de l'étranger visiteur, immigré, réfugié
Authors: Mongin Olivier
Published: October 2011

Resumé Nous sommes tous des étrangers pour ceux que nous considérons comme des tels. Dans la tradition biblique, la ville est un refuge pour l’étranger, qu’il soit visiteur, immigré, ou réfugié.
Jean Simon, évêque de Paris (1492‑1502) : les réseaux d'un succès
Authors: Julerot Véronique
Published: October 2011

Résumé Bien que Gérard Gobaille ait été élu évêque de Paris par le chapitre cathédral le 8 août 1492, Jean Simon est pourvu par le pape de ce même siège en octobre suivant. Il en résulte un conflit entre les deux hommes qui s’achève par la victoire du pourvu. Si la mort de son concurrent lui a facilité la tâche, le vainqueur, conseiller du roi au Parlement et chanoine de Notre‑Dame, bénéficiait d’arguments de poids qui le plaçaient, quelles qu’aient été les circonstances, en bonne place pour l’emporter : le soutien de Charles VIII, celui de sa famille, bien implantée dans le monde des officiers royaux et dans le milieu épiscopal, et celui de la clientèle du cardinal André d’Espinay. Il est cependant remarquable que, malgré cela, il ait dû s’opposer pendant deux années au chapitre cathédral devant les justices royale et ecclésiastique, avant de prendre possession du siège parisien : c’est une nouvelle preuve que les réseaux, aussi puissants soient‑ils, ne peuvent ignorer les règles de la société et les institutions du royaume.
Un patricien au service du prince et de la res publica ? M. Valerius Messalla Messallinus (cos. 3 av. J.‑C.)
Authors: Landrea Cyrielle
Published: October 2011

Résumé Cet article a pour but de reconsidérer les relations entre les nobiles et le Princeps . Alors que le principat est souvent perçu comme la mise en place d’un nouveau régime, une partie de la nobilitas républicaine participe encore à l’exercice du pouvoir, comme les Valerii Messallae , une ancienne stirps patricienne. Ici, nous nous intéressons à M. Valerius Messalla Messallinus ( cos . 3), un membre de la gens Valeria . C’est le fils de Messalla Corvinus ( cos.  31) et il réalisa une grande partie de sa carrière sous le principat augustéen. Outre le prestige lié à son ascendance, les deux aspects de sa carrière sont examinés : le cursus honorum en tant que tel et les sacerdoces. La question de la nature du service se pose. Est‑ce que Messallinus servait le Prince ou la res publica  ? En effet, le principat a profondément changé les pratiques politiques et les sénateurs ont parfois été considérés comme des partisans de l’ adulatio Principis. Pourtant, Messallinus, comme tant d’autres, servait à la fois l’empereur et la res publica , parce que l’élément le plus important demeurait la perpétuation de la gens .
A Population Where Men Live As Long As Women: Villagrande Strisaili, Sardinia
Authors: Poulain Michel , Pes Gianni , Salaris Luisa
Published: October 2011

Usually women live longer than men and female centenarians largely outnumber male centenarians. The findings of previous studies identifying a population with a femininity ratio close to 1.0 among centenarians in the mountainous region of Sardinia was the starting point of an in-depth investigation in order to compare mortality trajectories between men and women in that population. The exceptional survival of men compared to women emerges from the comparison with similar Italian data. Age exaggeration for men has been strictly excluded as a result of the age validation procedure. The discussion suggests that besides biological/genetic factors, the behavioral factors including life style, demographic behavior, family support, and community characteristics may play an important role. No single explanation is likely to account for such an exceptional situation and a fully integrated multidisciplinary approach is urgently needed.
Reformed spirituality in action: The diary of A.D. Luckhoff as praxis
Authors: De Villiers Pieter G.R.
Published: October 2011

This article discusses the praxis of Reformed Spirituality by investigating the diary of Reverend A.D. Luckhoff which he wrote during the Anglo-Boer War as chaplain in the infamous Bethulie concentration camp. The article locates Luckhoff and his diary in the context of Reformed Spirituality and in the study of Spirituality with special attention to their transformative actions on behalf of others and how this, in turn, affected his Spirituality. It points out the diary’s significance before it analyses the nature of Luckhoff’s Reformed Spirituality as it is evident in his pastoral activities and work ethic, his struggle for justice and dignity, and, finally, his political approach in a difficult situation. In conclusion some remarks are made about the nature of Luckhoff’s Reformed Spirituality.
Tropospheric and total ozone columns over Paris (France) measured using medium-resolution ground-based solar-absorption Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Viatte C. , Gaubert B. , Eremenko M. , Hase F. , Schneider M. , Blumenstock T. , Ray M. , Chelin P. , Flaud J.-M. , Orphal J.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Ground-based Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption spectroscopy is a powerful remote sensing technique providing information on the vertical distribution of various atmospheric constituents. This work presents the first evaluation of a mid-resolution ground-based FTIR to measure tropospheric ozone, independently of stratospheric ozone. This is demonstrated using a new atmospheric observatory (named OASIS for "Observations of the Atmosphere by Solar absorption Infrared Spectroscopy"), installed in Créteil (France). The capacity of the technique to separate stratospheric and tropospheric ozone is demonstrated. Daily mean tropospheric ozone columns derived from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and from OASIS measurements are compared for summer 2009 and a good agreement of −5.6 (±16.1) % is observed. Also, a qualitative comparison between in-situ surface ozone measurements and OASIS data reveals OASIS's capacity to monitor seasonal tropospheric ozone variations, as well as ozone pollution episodes in summer 2009 around Paris. Two extreme pollution events are identified (on the 1 July and 6 August 2009) for which ozone partial columns from OASIS and predictions from a regional air-quality model (CHIMERE) are compared following strict criteria of temporal and spatial coincidence. An average bias of 0.2%, a mean square error deviation of 7.6%, and a correlation coefficient of 0.91 is found between CHIMERE and OASIS, demonstrating the potential of a mid-resolution FTIR instrument in ground-based solar absorption geometry for tropospheric ozone monitoring.
Microbial nitrogen cycling on the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Telling J. , Stibal M. , Anesio A. M. , Tranter M. , Nias I. , Cook J. , Lis G. , Wadham J. L. , Sole A. , Nienow P. , Hodson A.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Microbial nitrogen cycling was investigated along a 79 km transect into the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) in early August 2010. The depletion of dissolved nitrate and production of ammonium (relative to icemelt) in cryoconite holes within 7.5 km of the ice sheet margin suggested microbial uptake and ammonification respectively. Nitrogen fixation (<4.2 μmoles C2H4 m−2 day−1 to 16.3 μmoles C2H4 m−2 day−1) was active in some cryoconite holes at sites up to 5.7 km from the ice sheet margin, with nitrogen fixation inversely correlated to concentrations of inorganic nitrogen. There may be the potential for the zone of nitrogen fixation to progressively extend further into the interior of the GrIS as the melt season progresses as reserves of available nitrogen are depleted. Estimated annual inputs of nitrogen from nitrogen fixation along the transect were at least two orders of magnitude lower than inputs from precipitation, with the exception of a 100 m long marginal debris-rich zone where nitrogen fixation could potentially equal or exceed that of precipitation. The average estimated contribution of nitrogen fixation to the nitrogen demand of net microbial growth at sites along the transect ranged from 0% to 17.5%.
High-resolution refinement of a storm loss model and estimation of return periods of loss-intensive storms over Germany
Authors: Donat M. G. , Pardowitz T. , Leckebusch G. C. , Ulbrich U. , Burghoff O.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. A refined model for the calculation of storm losses is presented, making use of high-resolution insurance loss records for Germany and allowing loss estimates on a spatial level of administrative districts and for single storm events. Storm losses are calculated on the basis of wind speeds from both ERA-Interim and NCEP reanalyses. The loss model reproduces the spatial distribution of observed losses well by taking specific regional loss characteristics into account. This also permits high-accuracy estimates of total cumulated losses, though slightly underestimating the country-wide loss sums for storm "Kyrill", the most severe event in the insurance loss records from 1997 to 2007. A larger deviation, which is assigned to the relatively coarse resolution of the NCEP reanalysis, is only found for one specific rather small-scale event, not adequately captured by this dataset. The loss model is subsequently applied to the complete reanalysis period to extend the storm event catalogue to cover years when no systematic insurance records are available. This allows the consideration of loss-intensive storm events back to 1948, enlarging the event catalogue to cover the recent 60+ years, and to investigate the statistical characteristics of severe storm loss events in Germany based on a larger sample than provided by the insurance records only. Extreme value analysis is applied to the loss data to estimate the return periods of loss-intensive storms, yielding a return period for storm "Kyrill", for example, of approximately 15 to 21 years.
Reduced Prevalence of the C825T Polymorphism of the G-Protein Beta Subunit Gene in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Paleari Renata G. , Peres Raquel M.R. , Florentino Juliana O. , Heinrich Juliana K. , Bragança Welbe O. , del Valle Júlio Cesar T. , Zeferino Luiz Carlos , Derchain Sophie F.M. , Sarian Luis Otavio
Published: October 2011

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of the C825T polymorphism in the GNB3 gene in women with and without breast cancer and its possible association with clinical or pathological features of breast disease.

Subjects and methods

We included 134 women with breast cancer and a control group of 129 healthy women. The case group responded to a questionnaire on lifestyle, reproductive factors and family history. Clinical data were also evaluated. The risk for cancer was calculated and PCR was carried out for the detection of the polymorphism. Statistical analysis was performed using the package R Environment, with confidence intervals of 95% and a significance level of 5% (P<0.05).

Results

The frequency of the TT genotype was significantly greater in women of the control group (30.2%) than women with breast cancer (14.9%) (p=0.02). The polymorphism was not associated with clinical features, age at diagnosis (p=0.07), age at menarche (p=0.17), and age at menopause (p=0.60). The TT genotype did not have a higher frequency in patients with high BMI (p=0.98). The risk for cancer showed no correlation with the presence of the polymorphism.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that the C825T polymorphism in the GNB3 gene has no relationship to the risk for breast cancer or the characteristics of the disease.
Ezogabine: A New Angle on Potassium Gates
Authors: Faught Edward
Published: October 2011

Ezogabine is a new drug for adjunctive therapy of partial-onset seizures with a novel mechanism of action. As a potassium-channel facilitator, it promotes membrane repolarization and thus opposes rapid repetitive discharges. Side effects are typical for antiepileptic drugs and the safety profile is good. Occasional instances of urinary difficulty may require surveillance.
Relation of Depression and Anxiety to Self‐ and Peer‐Reported Relational Aggression
Authors: Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. , Pronk Rhiarne E.
Published: October 2011

The primary purpose of this multimethod and multimeasure study was to identify how the peer relationships of Australian adolescents (ages 9–15 years;N= 335) at school, including relational aggression and victimization, correlated with their symptoms of depression and anxiety. Moreover, relational aggression and victimization were measured via both self‐ and peer report, and discrepancies between reports were considered as correlates of symptoms and peer relationship status. Adolescents who reported more symptoms of depression and anxiety also self‐reported more relational victimization and reported their peers as less trustworthy. Adolescents who overreported their own relational victimization and aggression compared with peer report had more symptoms compared with those who agreed with their peers or underreported their aggression and victimization. Adolescents who underreported their own aggression were not only more socially prominent but were also more disliked by their peers. When considered independent of self‐reports, no measure of peer‐reported peer status, aggression, or victimization was associated with depressive symptoms; but adolescents reported as more accepted by their peers had fewer anxiety symptoms. Longitudinal research should be conducted to examine adolescents' increasing socioemotional problems as correlates of discrepancies between self‐ and peer reports of relational aggression and victimization. Aggr. Behav. 38:16‐30, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Men Who Sustain Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Hines Denise A. , Douglas Emily M.
Published: October 2011

Extensive work has documented an association between sustaining intimate partner violence (IPV) and alcohol/drug abuse among women, yet little research has documented the same association in men, even though men comprise 25–50% of all IPV victims in a given year. This study investigates the associations among sustaining IPV and alcohol/drug abuse among both a clinical and community sample of men. The clinical sample is comprised of 302 men who sustained intimate terrorism—a form of IPV that is characterized by much violence and controlling behavior—from their female partners and sought help. The community sample is composed of 520 men, 16% of whom sustained common couple violence, a lower level of more minor reciprocal IPV. Analyses showed that among both groups of men who sustained IPV, the prevalence and frequency of alcohol/drug abuse was significantly higher than in men who did not sustain IPV. However, a dose–response relationship between sustaining IPV and alcohol/drug abuse was found only among men in the community sample. Path modeling showed that, for the community sample, the best fitting models were ones that showed that the alcohol/drug abuse predicted IPV victimization, an association that was fully mediated by their use of IPV. Aggr. Behav. 38:31‐46, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radical polymerization of acrylate copolymer‐based GMA for use as a UV‐curable layer via thin coating
Authors: Hong Sungchul , Kim Jihye , Kim Moon‐Sun , Kim Byung‐Woo
Published: October 2011

In this study, a UV‐curable glycidyl methacrylate–methyl methacrylate (GMA–MMA) copolymer with an acrylic acid (AA) pendant group was synthesized via simple radical polymerization. The procedure for forming the backbone (GMA–MMA) consisted of two polymerization steps; step 1 was performed under excess solvent and step 2 involved the introduction of additional monomer except solvent owing to the high degree of polymerization at a minimum solvent. The use of these separate steps during GMA–MMA polymerization improved the degree of conversion (DC) during polymerization optimization. The DC was estimated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) spectroscopy. The behaviors of AA and GMA in the copolymer were interpreted on the basis of the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the molecular weight (Mw).The hardness and flexibility of the film were monitored with respect to the molar ratios of GMA/MMA and AA/GMA, respectively; the optimized molar ratios of GMA/MMA and AA/GMA were 1.6 and 1.8, respectively. The copolymer fabricated in this study was applied as a UV‐curable thin layer via a coating method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 31: 271–279, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20250
Electrical conductivity and dielectric parameters of polyaniline doped with CuClO4 · 4BN in aqueous DMSO solvent
Authors: Ali Vazid , Kaur Raminder , Lakshmi G. B. V. S. , Kumar Anand , Kumari Kiran , Kumar Sushil
Published: October 2011

Polyaniline has been synthesized by a chemical route. Chemical doping of polyaniline has been carried out with copper perchlorate tetrabenzonitrile (CuClO4 · 4BN) in a distilled water (H2O) + dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solvent system. An effort has been made to study the effect of dopant on polyaniline by electrical and dielectric measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Electrical conductivity and dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant, dissipation factor, and dielectric loss have been measured at different dopant concentrations and temperatures. An increase in electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, and dielectric loss with an increase in the dopant concentration as well as temperature has been observed in all the samples. It has been observed that CuClO4 · 4BN dopant in polyaniline plays an important role in enhancing the conductivity of polyaniline. In addition, aqueous dimethylsulfoxide is found to be a suitable solvent for polyaniline doping with CuClO4 · 4BN. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 31: 374–379, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20260
Preparation of TiO2 epoxy nanocomposites by ultrasonic dispersion and resulting properties
Authors: Bittmann Birgit , Haupert Frank , Schlarb Alois K.
Published: October 2011

Nanocomposites gained more and more importance in the last few years because of their improved performance over the neat polymer matrix, that is, toughness and stiffness can be enhanced simultaneously by the addition of nanoparticles. However, the dispersion of these particles in the matrix remains a big challenge. In this study, two types of TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in two different epoxy resins by means of ultrasound. The particle size development in dependence on the dispersion time was investigated by dynamic light scattering for the different material systems. Furthermore, the influence of the viscosity on the sonication process' efficiency was analyzed. The resulting nanocomposites were tested for fracture and Charpy toughness. SEM images revealed that the improved fracture toughness properties are correlated to a rougher fracture surface, whose formation dissipates more energy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Cure kinetics, glass transition temperature development, and dielectric spectroscopy of a low temperature cure epoxy/amine system
Authors: Dimopoulos Athanasios , Skordos Alexandros A. , Partridge Ivana K.
Published: October 2011

This article reports a study of the chemical cure kinetics and the development of glass transition temperature of a low temperature (40°C) curing epoxy system (MY 750/HY 5922). Differential scanning calorimetry, temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry, and dielectric spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the curing reaction and the development of the cross‐linking network. A phenomenological model based on a double autocatalytic chemical kinetics expression was developed to simulate the cure kinetics behavior of the system, while the dependence of the glass transition temperature on the degree of cure was found to be described adequately by the Di Benedetto equation. The resulting cure kinetics showed good agreement with the experimental data under both dynamic and isothermal heating conditions with an average error in reaction rate of less than 2 × 10−3 min−1. A comparison of the dielectric response of the resin with cure kinetics showed a close correspondence between the imaginary impedance maximum and the calorimetric progress of reaction. Thus, it is demonstrated that cure kinetics modeling and monitoring procedures developed for aerospace grade epoxies are fully applicable to the study of low temperature curing epoxy resins. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of TiO2 on thermal and adhesive characteristics of poly(imide siloxane)/TiO2 hybrid films
Authors: Ko Cheng‐Jung , Tseng I‐Hsiang , Whang Wha‐Tzong , Tsai Mei‐Hui
Published: October 2011

A novel poly(imide siloxane)/titania (PIS/TiO2) hybrid film was fabricated by sol‐gel process via in situ formation of TiO2 within PIS matrix. Poly(amic acid siloxane) (PAAS) was prepared from 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride, 2,2‐bis [4‐(4‐aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, and α,ω‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)polydimethylsiloxane (APPS). Chelating agent, acetylacetone, and catalyst‐free polymerization were used to reduce the rate of hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide in the PAAS. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data showed that the presence of APPS promotes the Ti surface composition of PIS/TiO2 hybrid film. The effects of TiO2 and APPS contents on the characteristics of surface, thermostability, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and the strength of adhesion were investigated. The presence of TiO2 on the surface of the hybrid films enhanced the adhesive strength at the interface of PIS/TiO2 hybrid film and copper foil. When more TiO2 was incorporated into the PIS matrix, the PIS/TiO2 hybrid film exhibited lower CTE while retaining favorable mechanical and thermal properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Electroless silver plating on the PET fabrics modified with 3‐mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane
Authors: Lili Li , Dan Yu , Le Wang , Wei Wang
Published: October 2011

The feasibility of adherent silver layers onto PET fabrics by electroless plating was explored and its optimal technology for modification and electroless plating was investigated. Morphology, structure, and thermal stability of silver plating PET fabrics were characterized by scanning electric microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravitric (TG) analysis. As the silver weight on the modified fabric is 25 g/m2, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) of silver plating PET fabric is more than 30dB at the frequency ranging from 1MHz to 5000 MHz. The results show that the silver plating PET fabric has good electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding property. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Miscibility enhancement on the poly(vinylchloride)/poly(methylmethacrylate) blend and characterization by inverse gas chromatography: The corrected polymer–polymer interaction parameters from the probes dependency
Authors: Al‐Ghait Mona K. , Al‐Arifi Abdullah S. , Al Andis Naser M. , AlOthman Zeid A. , Aouak Taieb
Published: October 2011

The miscibility of poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(methylmethacrylate) (PVC/PMMA) system was improved by introducing some pyrrolidone units into the main chains of PMMA. For that purpose, we have synthesized two copolymers of poly(methylmethacrylate‐co‐vinylpyrrolidone) (MMVP) through a radical polymerization and carried out a comparative study of PVC/MMVP blends by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. The adequacy of seven n‐alkane probes has been tested to determine the thermodynamic parameters. The miscibility of the two systems has been proved by a single Tg for each blend. This observation was also confirmed by DSC analysis. To highlight the presence of interaction and its intensity between PVC and MMVP in the blends, the polymer–polymer interaction parameters have been evaluated by IGC trough which the influence of the solute has been resolved. The Schneider approach confirmed the miscibility of these systems as the K deviates positively from unity. The miscibility has been appeared highlighted from the positive difference in surface energy between the pure polymers and their blends. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of the compatibility on the morphology and properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber/polypropylene thermoplastic vulcanizates
Authors: Tian Ming , Han Jibin , Wu Hanguang , Tian Hongchi , She Qingyan , Chen Wenquan , Zhang Liqun
Published: October 2011

In this study, the morphologies of three types of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR)/polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) (with an NBR/PP blend ratio of 70/30) were compared. The TPVs were (1) an ultrafine fully vulcanized acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (UFNBR)/PP TPV made by the mechanical blending of UFNBR with PP, (2) a dynamically vulcanized NBR/PP TPV without the compatibilization of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MP) and amine‐terminated butadiene–acrylonitrile copolymer (ATBN), and (3) a dynamically vulcanized NBR/PP TPVs with the compatibilization of MP and ATBN. The influence of the compatibility therein on the size of the dispersed vulcanized NBR particles and the crystallization behavior of the PP in the TPVs and the resultant properties are also discussed. As indicated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing microscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and rheological and mechanical testing, the compatibility was significantly improved by the reactive compatibilization of MP and ATBN, which led to a uniform and fine morphology. The compatibilization increased the crystallization rate and reduced the size of the spherulites of PP. On the other hand, it was found that the dispersed vulcanized NBR particles lowered the degree of crystallinity. The better the compatibility of the blend was, the lower the degree of crystallinity and the storage modulus were, but the higher the loss factor and the processing viscosity were. All TPVs showed almost the same oil resistance, but the TPV prepared with reactive compatibilization had the best mechanical properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis, characterization, and swelling behavior evaluation of hydrogels based on Gum ghatti and acrylamide for selective absorption of saline from different petroleum fraction–saline emulsions
Authors: Kaith Balbir Singh , Jindal Rajeev , Mittal Hemant , Kumar Kiran
Published: October 2011

In this research article, the synthesis of Gum ghatti and acrylamide based superabsorbents under pressure with N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinker and an ascorbic acid–potassium persulfate redox pair as an initiator is reported. To study the impact of the different reaction variables on the water absorbance of the candidate polymer, different reaction parameters, including the reaction time, amount of solvent, pH of the medium, initiator ratio, pressure, and monomer and crosslinker concentrations, were optimized. The candidate polymer was characterized with different techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, differential thermogravimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. The crosslinked product was found to be thermally more stable than the initial backbone. The swelling capacity of the synthesized polymer was investigated in deionized water as a function of time, temperature, and pH of the swelling medium. Moreover, the effects of the ionic strengths of different cations on the swelling capacity of the candidate polymer were studied with different salt solutions. The tendency of absorbency for these hydrogels in salt solutions was found to be in the following order: Na+ > Ba2+ > Fe3+ > Sn4+ for NaCl, BaCl2, FeCl3, and SnCl4 salt solutions. Further, the candidate polymer was used for the selective absorption of saline water from different petroleum fraction–saline emulsions. The results showed that the saline absorption capacities of the hydrogels were 667, 610, 646, and 680% in kerosene–saline, diesel–saline, petrol–saline, and petroleum ether–saline emulsions, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Conformational Analysis of Bivalent Estrogen Receptor Ligands: From Intramolecular to Intermolecular Binding
Authors: Shan Min , Bujotzek Alexander , Abendroth Frank , Wellner Anja , Gust Ronald , Seitz Oliver , Weber Marcus , Haag Rainer
Published: October 2011

The estrogen receptor binding affinities of bivalent raloxifene ligands tethered by flexible spacers of different lengths have been evaluated in vitro. Two bivalent binding modes, intra‐ and intermolecular, were hypothesized to explain their different binding properties. The binding affinities of these bivalent ligands in an aqueous environment are influenced by their conformations, which can be determined by 2D NMR and UV spectral methods. Moreover, computer modeling and simulations were performed to explain the binding modes of these bivalent ligands and to estimate the conformational entropy difference between their unbound and bound states. It was found that bivalent ligands tethered by long spacers had weaker binding affinities because of the shielding of the binding moieties that results from their folded conformations; those tethered by short spacers had stronger affinities because they exposed their ligands to the receptor.
Oxygen Evolution in Overcharged LixNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Electrode and Its Thermal Analysis Kinetics
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Tang Aidong , Huang Kelong
Published: October 2011

The oxygen evolution behavior in overcharged LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2‐based electrode was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric (DSC/TG). Meantime, its thermal kinetic parameters were calculated by Kissinger's and Ozawa's method. As observed by DSC/TG, two exothermic peaks at 239 and 313°C in washed cathode (4.6 V), were attributed to two steps of oxygen evolution. More importantly, the temperature of its oxygen release processes decreased obviously compared with that charged to 2.8 V. Activation energy (E) for the first and second oxygen evolution, both of which were assumed closely to be the first order reaction, between 200 and 350°C in Li0.204Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2‐based electrode were calculated as 113.63 and 158.13 kJ·mol−1, respectively and the corresponding Arrhenius pre‐exponential factors (A) of 1.05×1011 and 6.46×1013s−1 were also obtained. The different energy barrier of such two steps of oxygen evolution should probably be ascribed to the different bond energy of M–O (M=Mn, Co, Ni).
Determination of Melamine in Dairy Products and Melamine Tableware by Inhibition Electrochemiluminescent Method
Authors: Jing Wei , Lü Shuiyuan , Li Xiaojing , Jiang Xiaofen , Chen Minshi , Liang Ming , Tang Xi , Xu Caiming , Chen Jinquan
Published: October 2011

An electrochemiluminescent (ECL) method has been developed for the determination of melamine based on the inhibition of luminol ECL. A significant luminol ECL can be found at 1.47 V in the phosphate buffer solution at high pHs and low potential scan rates, this ECL signal can be inhibited obviously by melamine. The decrease of ECL intensity was linearly proportional to the logarithm of melamine concentration in the range of 1–100 ng/mL (R2=0.9911) and with the detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL. The method has been applied successfully to determine melamine in dairy products and melamine tableware, the recoveries were in the range of 98.5%–103.7% and 95.5%–106.0%, respectively. The mechanism of the inhibition effect was also proposed, the active oxygen (O2· −) generated from the electrooxidation of OH− reacted with luminol anion (L· −) to generate light emission, and the present of melamine can eliminate the active oxygen, which cause the decrease of the ECL intensity.
Cobalt(III) Complex [CoL3] Derived from an Asymmetric Bidentate Schiff Base Ligand L (L=(5‐Bromo‐2‐hydroxybenzyl‐2‐furylmethyl)‐imine): Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure
Authors: Khalaji Aliakbar D. , Maghsodlou Rad Sepideh , Grivani Gholamhossein , Rezaei Morteza , Gotoh Kazuma , Ishida Hiroyuki
Published: October 2011

Cobalt(III) complex [CoL3], where L=(5‐bromo‐2‐hydroxybenzyl‐2‐furylmethyl)imine, has been synthesized by reacting cobalt(II) nitrate with L. The complex has been characterized by elemental analysis and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of [CoL3] was determined by X‐ray crystallography from single crystal data. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group$ P {\bar 1} $with unit cell parameters:a=9.6644(10) Å,b=11.5657(11) Å,c=16.5809(17) Å,α=102.833(4)°,β=102.999(3)°,γ=105.480(3)°,V=1659.9(3) Å3andZ=2. Thermal decomposition of [CoL3] was studied by thermogravimetry in order to evaluate its thermal stability and thermal decomposition pathways.
Synthesis of Novel 1,4‐Bissulfonamide Ligands for Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes
Authors: Yang Minghua , Sun Jiangtao , Zhu Chengjian
Published: October 2011

Several novel chiral sulfonamide ligands based on (1R,2S,4R,5S)‐1,4‐diamino‐2,5‐dimethylcyclohexane skeleton have been synthesized and their application in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes was investigated in the presence of Ti(OiPr)4. The effect of ligands, temperature and the loading amount of ligands was studied. Under optimized conditions, enantioselective addition of diethylzinc with various aryl aldehydes and aliphatic aldehydes proceeded smoothly and afforded chiral secondary alcohols in up to 88% ee.
In(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized 1,5‐Benzodiazepines from o‐Phenylenediamine and Alkyl Propiolates under Solvent‐Free Reaction Conditions
Authors: Wu Haisheng , Yang Jin , Wang Lei
Published: October 2011

A simple, environmental‐friendly, and practical method for the synthesis of benzodiazepine derivatives through a reaction of substituted o‐phenylenediamines with alkyl propiolates has been developed. The reactions generated the 1,5‐benzodiazepines in good to excellent yields in the presence of catalytic amount of In(OTf)3 under solvent‐free reaction conditions.
Expeditious and Efficient Synthesis of Benzoxazoles, Benzothiazoles, Benzimidazoles Catalyzed by Ga(OTf)3 under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Liu Juyan , Liu Qian , Xu Wei , Wang Weilu
Published: October 2011

A new and efficient method for the synthesis of benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles, benzimidazoles from reactions of o‐substituted aminoaromatics with orthoesters in the presence of catalytic amounts of Ga(OTf)3 under solvent‐free conditions is presented. The remarkable features of this new protocol are high conversion, very short reaction times, cleaner reaction profiles under solvent‐free conditions, straight forward procedure, and use of relatively non‐toxic catalysts.
Synthesis ofN1‐3‐{(4‐Substituted aryl‐3‐chloro‐2‐oxo‐azetidine)‐iminocarbamyl}‐propyl‐6‐nitroindazole Derivatives and Their Biological Significance
Authors: Samadhiya Pushkal , Sharma Ritu , Srivastava Santosh K. , Srivastava Savitri D.
Published: October 2011

Synthesis ofN1‐3‐{(4‐substitute daryl‐3‐chloro‐2‐oxo‐azetidine)‐iminocarbamyl}‐propyl‐6‐nitroindazole 4a–4s was conducted by a conventional method. All the compounds were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FAB‐Mass techniques and chemical methods. All the final synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity and antitubercular activity with MIC values against some selected microorganisms.
Preparation of Imprinted PVB/β‐CD Nanofiber by Electrospinning Technique and Its Selective Binding Abilities for Naringin
Authors: Ma Xiuling , Chen Zhen , Chen Xiao , Chen Riyao , Zheng Xi
Published: October 2011

A novel molecularly imprinted composite nanofiber was prepared by a simple electrospinning technique, in which polyvinylbutyral (PVB) was chosen as matrix, β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) was used as a functional monomer and naringin (NG) as template molecules. After cross‐linked by hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), the composite nanofiber exhibited a high specific binding capacity. The morphological structure of the nanofibers was studied by means of infrared spectrum (IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The β‐CD molecules were mostly homogeneously distributed within the PVB nanofiber without forming phase separated crystalline aggregates. Compared with traditional imprinted β‐CD polymer, the binding experiments demonstrated that the molecularly imprinted composite nanofiber shows the specific binding sites and the selective binding ability for NG. The molecularly imprinted nanofiber could be used at least six times without any loss in binding capacity.
Resonance Scattering Detection of Trace Hg2+ Using Aptamer‐modified AuPd Nanoalloy Probe as Catalyst
Authors: Liu Qingye , Fan Yanyan , Liang Aihui , Jiang Zhiliang
Published: October 2011

The 5 nm AuPd nanoalloy in mole ratio of Au:Pd=32:1 was prepared, using sodium citrate as the stabilizing agent and NaBH4 as the reductant. The AuPd nanoalloy was modified by the aptamer to prepare an aptamer‐ AuPd (AptAuPd) probe for resonance scattering (RS) detection of 5.0–1250 nmol/L Hg2+. The AptAuPd‐Hg2+ aptamer reaction solution was filtrated by membrane, and the AptAuPd in the filtrate exhibited strong catalytic effect on the slow NiP particle reaction between NiCl2 and NaH2PO2, and the NiP particles showed a RS peak at 508 nm. The RS intensity decreased when Hg2+ concentration increased. The decreased RS intensity was linear to Hg2+ concentration in the range of 0.5–1250 nmol/L. The RS assays were used to determine Hg2+ in real samples, with good results.
Activity Coefficients of NaCl in Ethylene Glycol‐Water Mixtures Using Potentiometric Measurements at 288.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K
Authors: Li Shuni , Tang Jing , Ma Yanyan , Zhai Quanguo , Jiang Yucheng , Hu Mancheng
Published: October 2011

The mean activity coefficients of NaCl in ethylene glycol‐water mixtures were determined in the range of w=0.10 to 0.40 ethylene glycol at 288.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K using potentiometric measurements. The Pitzer and extended Debye‐Hückel equations were used to describe the nonideal behavior of the electrolyte. Osmotic coefficients and the standard Gibbs energy of NaCl‐ethylene glycol‐water were calculated.
Application of a Novel Ant Algorithm Termed Continuous Gridded in Aidded Drug Design
Authors: Chen Guohua , Lu Yao
Published: October 2011

Aimed at solving continuous optimum parameter problems effectively in added drug design, this paper develops a novel ant algorithm termed continuous gridded ant colony (CGAC), where the spy ants are utilized to search the latent optimum grid in the domain completely and effectively. In order to test the effect, the CGAC algorithm was success in finding the best values of C and γ, when the support vector machine (SVM) was used to fit the nonlinear relationship between the numerical representation of the chemical structure and IC50. The genetic algorithm (GA) was also used to obtain the appropriate feature subset simultaneously, because feature subset selection influences the appropriate kernel parameters and vice versa. The obtained results illustrate that GA‐CGAC‐SVM models have satisfactory prediction accuracy. The best quantitative modeling results in thirteen‐descriptors model based on GA‐CGAC‐SVMr with mean‐square errors 0.397, a predicted correlation coefficient (R2) 0.842, and a cross‐validated correlation coefficient (Q2) 0.756. The best classification result was found using SVM: the percentage (%) of correct prediction based on 7‐fold cross‐validation was 90.6%. The results demonstrate that the proposed CGAC algorithm provides a new and effective method to find the optimum parameters when the SVM tool is used.
Copper‐catalyzed N‐Arylation of Imidazoles with Aryl or Heteroaryl Halides Facilitated by Dimethylglyoxime in Water
Authors: Wu Xiangmei , Hu Weiya
Published: October 2011

A combination of CuSO4/dimethylglyoxime was found to be an efficient and inexpensive catalyst system for N‐arylation of imidazole and benzimidazole with aryl halides and heteroaryl halides in water, providing the corresponding products in moderate to good yields.
Electrochemiluminescence Behavior of Ru(bpy)32+/Carbofuran System on an Electrically Heated Microelectrode Chip
Authors: Ye Ruihong , Chen Xiaoping , Qiu Bin , Lin Zhenyu
Published: October 2011

An electrically heated microelectrode chip (HMEC) was designed and the Ru(bpy)32+/carbofuran electrochemiluminescence (ECL) systems were applied to characterize the performance of the HMEC. The ECL intensities increase at elevated electrode temperature, and the detection limit at 60°C (electrode surface temperature) was about 10 times lower than that at 30°C. The results indicate that new heated electrode can be handled easily and can be mass produced, the difference between the electrodes was little. The stability of the HMEC was good since the electrode surface can hardly be destroyed during detection and storage.
Synthesis and Insecticidal Activities of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted‐1,3,5‐hexahydrotriazine‐2‐N‐nitroimines
Authors: Xue Sijia , Ma Xubo , Bu Hongfei , Liu Li , Xu Xiao
Published: October 2011

A new series of 1,3,5‐trisubstituted‐1,3,5‐hexahydrotriazine‐2‐N‐nitroimines (3a–3j) were designed and synthesized as novel neonicotinoid analogues, and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, IR, elemental analysis and MS. The preliminary bioassay tests showed that most of the target compounds had good insecticidal activities against Nilaparvata lugens as well as Aphis medicaginis at 500 mg/L, while compound 3i had 100% mortality against Nilaparvata lugens at 20 mg/L.