bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translating the Cluster Headache Quality of Life Questionnaire (CHQ) from English to Dutch with the TRAPD method
Authors: Naber Willemijn C. , Brandt Roemer B. , Figetakis Dimitris D. , Jahanshahi Marjan , Terwindt Gisela M. , Fronczek Rolf
Published: October 2023

Objective

Cluster headache is associated with a decreased quality of life (QoL). The increased focus on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) has led to the creation of a tailored Cluster Headache Quality of Life scale (CHQ). Our objective was to create and authenticate a Dutch version of the CHQ (CHQ-D).

Methods

The TRAPD model (Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pretesting, Documentation) was used to translate the CHQ from English to Dutch and ensure cross-cultural adaption. Pre-testing was performed in n = 31 participants, and validity was in a new sample of n = 40 participants who completed the CHQ twice at a 2-day interval. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha were used to assess the validity and reproducibility of the CHQ-D.

Results

To produce the CHQ-D, we made five modifications based on pretesting. Participants finished the questionnaire in a median time of 10 min (IQR:10.0, 17.5) and 90% within 20 min. The majority of participants (74.2%) did not find it burdensome at all. The reliability of the CHQ-D was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.94; ICC: 0.94).

Conclusion

The CHQ-D is a valid and practical instrument for QoL in individuals with cluster headache. We aim to use CHQ-D as PROM in clinical research in the Netherlands to enforce international collaborations and comparisons of studies.
Digitalization and changes to work organization and management in the Norwegian petroleum industry
Authors: Melberg Kjersti , Gressgård Leif Jarle
Published: October 2023

This article analyses how implementation and use of digital technologies involve changes in work content, organization, and management in the petroleum industry. This is important, given that the industry is in a phase with mature technology and heavy pressure on efficiency and cost-effectiveness, at the same time as older systems and work processes prevail. The article draws on data acquired through interviews in a number of companies, organizations and specialist teams. The results show that far-reaching digitalization will mean radical changes to the way employees and managers work. The level of success in using digital technologies can be related to the ability to alter the content and form of work and expertise requirements, while retaining trust in technology and coping with uncertainty. A key conclusion is that clarifications related to work processes, roles, and responsibilities between the various actors in the supply chain are the most significant obstacles to successful technology adoption.
Diffusion of climate policy integration in adaptation strategies: translating the EU mandate into UK and Danish national contexts
Authors: Jensen Anne , Nielsen Helle Ørsted , Russel Duncan
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we examine how the EU Climate Adaptation Strategy and especially its pivotal principle of policy integration of climate adaptation has diffused into the climate adaptation strategies of Member States. We explore how this quest for climate adaptation policy integration (CPI) was pushed by vertical diffusion of the framing and policy mixes launched at the EU level. To do so, we analyse and compare national climate adaptation strategies in two EU Member States—the UK and Denmark—during 2013–2021, which witnessed Brexit and increased attention to climate impacts. Conceptually and analytically, we draw on the policy diffusion literature centring on four potential drivers of vertical policy diffusion: interests, rights, ideology and recognition. Furthermore, to scrutinize what is diffused, we conceptualize climate policy integration including the rationale and policy instruments for climate policy integration. We find that both countries’ approaches to climate change adaptation have been shaped by rights-based diffusion in a mixture of shadow hierarchy, soft power and activation of other policy areas with binding directives and observe how what appears to be asymmetrical diffusion has strong elements of symmetrical diffusion. We further identify divergence between the cases before and after Brexit and in mandating local level actions.
How do countries frame climate change? A global comparison of adaptation and mitigation in UNFCCC National Communications
Authors: Wright Sarah Judith , Sietsma Anne , Korswagen Stefanie , Athanasiadis Ioannis N. , Biesbroek Robbert
Published: October 2023

Self-reporting is an important mechanism of the UNFCCC to collect information about what countries are doing to achieve their climate change mitigation and adaptation targets and how much progress has been made. Here we empirically test four hypotheses about what countries prioritise in their self-reporting through the National Communications. Using quantitative text analysis methods (structural topic modelling and keyness statistics), we analyse over 600 submissions (from 1994 to 2019) and find evidence that vulnerable countries highlight impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation rather than mitigation targets, whereas high-emitting countries tend to focus their messaging more on mitigation. Despite the Paris Agreement being considered a “watershed moment”, we find no statistically significant increase in focus on climate solutions post-Paris, and no significant increase in attention to adaptation. Our global assessment and the methods used offer a novel perspective to understand what gets framed as important by governments. Finally, we provide reflections on how self-reporting mechanisms can be used for global stocktaking of progress on climate action.
How do the activity patterns of people with chronic pain influence the empathic response of future health professionals: an experimental study*
Authors: Esteve Rosa , Serrano-Ibáñez Elena R. , Castillo-Real Sheila , Ramírez-Maestre Carmen , López-Martínez Alicia E.
Published: October 2023

Empathy in healthcare professionals is associated with better treatment outcomes and higher satisfaction among patients with chronic pain. Activity patterns play an essential role in the adjustment of these patients and, as a pain behaviour, may have a communicative function and elicit distinct empathic responses. This study investigated whether the activity pattern profiles characteristic of these patients had differential effects on the empathic response (empathic distress and compassion/sympathy) of future healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals should improve their knowledge about the role of different activity patterns in the well-being of people with chronic pain and receive specific training in empathic skills. We controlled for several variables that could affect the empathic response (sex, age, academic degree, previous experience of chronic pain, and dispositional empathy).

A total of 228 undergraduates performed an experimental task using vignettes depicting four activity pattern profiles displayed by people with chronic pain and completed questionnaires measuring dispositional and situational empathy. We conducted a MANCOVA analysis.

Undergraduates showed more compassion/sympathy toward the medium cycler profile than toward the doer profile. Participants’ age was associated with empathic distress. Sex, academic degree, and previous experiences with chronic pain were not associated with their empathic response to the vignettes. Dispositional perspective-taking and empathic concern were significantly associated with compassion/sympathy responses, and personal distress was significantly associated with empathic distress.

Activity pattern profiles may have a communicative function and elicit different empathic responses toward people with chronic pain. Individual differences in dispositional empathy play an important role on situational empathic responses.
Cultural Adaption, Translation, Preliminary Reliability and Validity of Key Psychological and Behavioural Measures for 18 to 25 Year-Olds Living with HIV in Uganda: A Multi-Stage Approach
Authors: Evangeli Michael , Foster Caroline , Musiime Victor , Fidler Sarah , Seeley Janet , Frize Graham , Uwizera Annette , Price Joseph
Published: October 2023

HIV remains a significant public health issue among young adults living in Uganda. There is a need for reliable and valid measures of key psychological and behavioural constructs that are related to important outcomes for this population. We translated, adapted and tested the psychometric properties of questionnaires measuring HIV stigma, HIV disclosure cognitions and affect, antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, social support, personal values, and hope, using a multi-step process. This included: translation, back-translation, expert review, cognitive interviewing, readability and assessments of internal consistency with 93 young adults (18–25 years) living with perinatally acquired HIV in Uganda. Preliminary criterion validity was assessed by examining relationships between the adapted measures and wellbeing, HIV disclosure behaviour, HIV disclosure intention and viral load suppression. The measures all showed acceptable reliability and every questionnaire apart from the Agentic and Communal Value Scale was easy to read. Those scales measuring HIV disclosure affect and cognitions, social support, HIV stigma and hope showed relationships with other constructs suggestive of validity. There is preliminary evidence to support the use of these measures in research and clinical contexts for young adults living with perinatally acquired HIV in Uganda.
Guiding the integration of analytics in business operations through a maturity framework
Authors: Menukin Olga , Mandungu Catherine , Shahgholian Azar , Mehandjiev Nikolay
Published: October 2023

The analytics function is growing in importance as the digitisation of business operations and markets leads to the generation of ever-increasing amounts of data. Analysing this data in a manner aligned with company priorities and structures can generate value through supporting effective decision-making, rapid product innovation, supply chain visibility and other aspects of intra- and inter-company operations. To guide the growth we derive a novel maturity framework focused on driving the Analytics-Business alignment, covering a number of diverse organisational facets such as data, leadership support, processes, data management, governance, technology and people. It differentiates itself by using a firm theoretical foundation and providing guidance for analytics capability development instead of simply diagnosing the existing maturity level. To guide development, it distinguishes between two aspects of maturity – a “state” aspect, which is used to assess the present situation in an organisation, and a “management” aspect, which evaluates management attitude in order to establish the next stage of analytics growth. The framework has been implemented in a web-based tool and its utility has been demonstrated by obtaining feedback from 64 managers from a variety of sectors, who have praised its ability to integrate diagnosis of the current situation with guidance on the next steps necessary to develop analytics maturity.
Phosphorus enrichment enabled Amorpha fruticosa to invade on the floodplain of the Tagliamento River, Italy
Authors: Edwards Peter , Hügli Christian , Olde Venterink Harry , Ramseier Dieter
Published: October 2023

The North American nitrogen-fixing shrub Amorpha fruticosa (false indigo) is an aggressive invader of riverine habitats in Europe, though the reasons for its success are poorly understood. We hypothesized that its spread on the floodplain of the Tagliamento River in Northern Italy was enabled by anthropogenic phosphorus (P) enrichment. To investigate this hypothesis, we surveyed seed production at different locations along the river and performed a growth chamber experiment in which seedlings of three common floodplain shrubs (A. fruticosa, Salix eleagnos and Buddleja davidii) were grown at 10 levels of both nitrogen (N) and P. As a bioassay of N and P availabilities, we analyzed concentrations of these nutrients in Salix eleagnos leaves collected at different positions along the river. P availability was significantly higher in the lower reaches of the river, where A. fruticosa was abundant, than at its upstream limit. Numbers of A. fruticosa seeds per inflorescence increased strongly in a downstream direction and there was a trend for higher seed weight. In the growth experiment, A. fruticosa was more P-demanding than the other species, producing little biomass and no rhizobial nodules at low P. It also exhibited greater plasticity than the other species in both root mass fraction and ratio of longest root length to root mass. We conclude that anthropogenic P enrichment enabled A. fruticosa to invade what was originally a very oligotrophic environment. This N2-fixing shrub exhibits greater phenotypic plasticity than native S. eleagnos, giving it a competitive advantage under conditions of high P availability.
Assessment of dimethyl sulphide odorous emissions during coal extraction process in Coal Mine Velenje
Authors: Uranjek Gregor , Horvat Milena , Milačič Radmila , Rošer Janez , Kotnik Jože
Published: October 2023

Underground coal extraction at Coal Mine Velenje occasionally gives rise to odour complaints from local residents. This manuscript describes a robust quantification of odorous emissions of mine sources and a model-based analysis aimed to establish a better understanding of the sources, concentrations, dispersion, and possible control of odorous compounds during coal extraction process. Major odour sources during underground mining are released volatile sulphur compounds from coal seam that have characteristic malodours at extremely low concentrations at micrograms per cubic metre (μg/m3) levels. Analysis of 1028 gas samples taken over a 6-year period (2008–2013) reveals that dimethyl sulphide ((CH3)2S) is the major odour active compound present in the mine, being detected on 679 occasions throughout the mine, while hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) were detected 5 and 26 times. Analysis of gas samples has shown that main DMS sources in the mine are coal extraction locations at longwall faces and development headings and that DMS is releasing during transport from main coal transport system. The dispersion simulations of odour sources in the mine have shown that the concentrations of DMS at median levels can represent relatively modest odour nuisance. While at peak levels, the concentration of DMS remained sufficiently high to create an odour problem both in the mine and on the surface. Overall, dispersion simulations have shown that ventilation regulation on its own is not sufficient as an odour abatement measure.
Enabling children’s genuine participation in digital design and fabrication: instructors’ perspective
Authors: Norouzi Behnaz , Sharma Sumita , Kinnula Marianne , Iivari Netta , Ukkola Minttu , Milara Ivan Sanchez , Bulygin Gleb , uusitalo Jari , Iwata Megumi
Published: October 2023

Digital fabrication laboratories (Fab Labs) are accessible to the public, including children and families. However, a variety of technical skills, tools, and expertise are needed in these spaces, and Fab Lab staff—instructors working there—are in a key role in helping Fab Lab users. There is, however, a lack of research on how these instructors can inspire children's genuine participation in Fab Labs. We analyze the challenges faced by four instructors during two months of Fab Lab workshops with 7–12-year-old children. The children worked in child-only or child-parent groups on informal digital design and fabrication activities. Based on genuine participation principles derived from the literature, we designed our workshops, which included the creation of instructor guideline. At the end, we developed a post-workshop framework in which the instructors provided feedback about their performance and experiences. We provide recommendations to help instructors support children's genuine participation in digital design and fabrication.
On groups with chordal power graph, including a classification in the case of finite simple groups
Authors: Brachter Jendrik , Kaja Eda
Published: October 2023

We prove various properties on the structure of groups whose power graph is chordal. Nilpotent groups with this property have been classified by (Electron J Combin 28(3):14, 2021). Here we classify the finite simple groups with chordal power graph, relative to typical number theoretic conditions. We do so by devising several sufficient conditions for the existence and non-existence of long cycles in power graphs of finite groups. We examine other natural group classes, including special linear, symmetric, generalized dihedral and quaternion groups, and we characterize direct products with chordal power graph. The classification problem is thereby reduced to directly indecomposable groups, and we further obtain a list of possible socles. Lastly, we give a general bound on the length of an induced path in chordal power graphs, providing another potential road to advance the classification beyond simple groups.
What Bereaved Children Want to Know About Death and Grief
Authors: Joy Caitlin , Staniland Lexy , Mazzucchelli Trevor G. , Skinner Shelly , Cuddeford Lisa , Breen Lauren J.
Published: October 2023

While childhood bereavement is common, children’s bereavement needs are not well understood. It is recognized that children’s understandings of death fundamentally differ from those of adults, however, limited research has explored this from a child’s perspective. Insight about children’s understandings and needs can be drawn from the questions they ask about it. Bereaved children aged 5–12 years were invited to submit questions about death and grief during a camp for grieving children. Children’s questions (N = 213) from 10 camps were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Five themes were identified: Causes and Processes of Death; Human Intervention; Managing Grief; The Meaning of Life and Death; and After Death. Children’s questions revealed that they are curious about various biological, emotional, and existential experiences and concepts, demonstrating complex and multi-faceted considerations of death and its subsequent impact on their lives. Findings suggest that bereaved children may benefit from opportunities to freely discuss their thoughts about death, which may facilitate appropriate education and emotional support.
Habermas, Popular Sovereignty, and the Legitimacy of Law
Authors: Duke George
Published: October 2023

Habermas’ theory of popular sovereignty has received comparatively little sustained critical attention in the Anglo-American literature since initial responses to Between Facts and Norms. In light of subsequent work on group agency, this paper argues that Habermas’ reconstruction of popular sovereignty—in its denial of the normative force of collective citizen action—is best understood as a renunciation of the doctrine. The paper is structured in three sections. Section 1 examines Habermas’ treatment of popular sovereignty prior to Between Facts and Norms as both (i) a principle of constitutional legitimacy or normative justification for the modern Rechtsstaat and (ii) a concept of legitimation for the rule of the ascendant liberal bourgeoisie. Section 2 then argues that Habermas’ reconstruction of popular sovereignty in Between Facts and Norms, by discounting the role of collective citizen agency in the justification of the modern constitutional state, empties the doctrine of its core normative content. The final section briefly elaborates on this claim by reference to Habermas’ theory of the public sphere.
Borderline consciousness, when it’s neither determinately true nor determinately false that experience is present
Authors: Schwitzgebel Eric
Published: October 2023

This article defends the existence of borderline consciousness. In borderline consciousness, conscious experience is neither determinately present nor determinately absent, but rather somewhere between. The argument in brief is this. In considering what types of systems are conscious, we face a quadrilemma. Either nothing is conscious, or everything is conscious, or there’s a sharp boundary across the apparent continuum between conscious systems and nonconscious ones, or consciousness is a vague property admitting indeterminate cases. Assuming mainstream naturalism about consciousness, we ought to reject the first three options, which forces us to the fourth, indeterminacy. Standard objections to the existence of borderline consciousness turn on the inconceivability of borderline cases. However, borderline cases are only inconceivable by an inappropriately demanding standard of conceivability. I conclude with some plausible cases and applications.
Assertion, Lying and the Norm of Truth
Authors: Teichmann Roger
Published: October 2023

In chapter four of Truth and Truthfulness Bernard Williams presents an account of assertion that relies heavily on the ‘psychological’ notions of belief and intention. In chapter five his definition of lying similarly relies on such notions. For Williams, insofar as there are norms governing assertion as such or norms broken by lying as such, these norms relate to saying what you think to be true, as distinct from saying what is true. I argue that this ‘psychologized’ account of assertion (and lying) is for various reasons mistaken. A consequence of Williams’s approach is that ‘Shall I tell the truth here?’ is presented as a much more open question for an agent than it possibly can be. Only by adverting to the language-game presupposed by that question’s having any sense at all can we arrive at a fair picture of when and how the answer ‘No’ might be reasonable.
Can a History of Childhood Trauma Impact the Effectiveness of Treatment in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders? A 2.5- and 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Berglund Kristina J. , Alborn Sven-Eric , Wennberg Peter
Published: October 2023

Experienced childhood trauma (CT) is prevalent in individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Few studies examine how experienced CT affects alcohol-treatment outcome. This study accordingly investigates whether experienced CT independently affects treatment outcome 2.5- and 5-years post-treatment, controlling for other significant variables, such as self-efficacy, self-directedness, and mental health. Participants (n = 349) with AUDs (without severe psychiatric comorbidity or drug dependence) were recruited from three alcohol-treatment settings and followed up 2.5- and 5 years after treatment initiation. The group with experienced CT had more mental health problems, less self-efficacy, and less self-directedness. Multiple and logistic regressions were conducted using the outcome variables total number of DSM-IV criteria and abstinence. The results indicated that CT did not independently affect treatment outcome. Individuals with AUDs and experienced CT benefitted the same from alcohol treatment as those without such experience; however, studies should also examine groups with AUD and psychiatric comorbidity.
Police Bias and Low Relatability and Diet Quality: Examining the Importance of Psychosocial Factors in Predominantly Black Communities
Authors: Richardson Andrea S. , Collins Rebecca L. , Burns Rachel M. , Cantor Jonathan , Siddiqi Sameer M. , Dubowitz Tamara
Published: October 2023

How police bias and low relatability may contribute to poor dietary quality is poorly understood. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 2021 from a cohort of n = 724 adults living in predominantly Black communities in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; these adults were mostly Black (90.6%), low-income (median household income $17,500), and women (79.3%). We estimated direct and indirect paths between police mistrust and dietary quality (measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015) through perceived stress, community connectedness, and subjective social status. Dietary quality was poor (mean HEI-2015 score was 50) and mistrust of police was high: 78% of participants either agreed or strongly agreed that something they say might be interpreted as criminal by the police due to their race/ethnicity. Police bias and low relatability was associated with lower perceived social status $$\beta$$
β
=  − 0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: − 0.05, − 0.01). Police bias and low relatability was marginally associated with low dietary quality β =  − 0.14 (95% CI: − 0.29, 0.02). Nineteen percent of the total association between police bias and low relatability and lower dietary quality β =  − 0.16 (− 0.01, − 0.31) was explained by an indirect association through lower community connectedness, or how close respondents felt with their community $$.$$
.
Police bias and low relatability may play a role in community connection, social status, and ultimately dietary disparities for Black Americans. Addressing police bias and low relatability is a continuing and pressing public health issue.
A multitask deep learning radiomics model for predicting the macrotrabecular-massive subtype and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy
Authors: He Xuelei , Li Kai , Wei Ran , Zuo Mengxuan , Yao Wang , Zheng Zechen , He Xiaowei , Fu Yan , Li Chengzhi , An Chao , Liu Wendao
Published: October 2023

Background

The macrotrabecular-massive (MTM) is a special subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has commonly a dismal prognosis. This study aimed to develop a multitask deep learning radiomics (MDLR) model for predicting MTM and HCC patients’ prognosis after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC).

Methods

From June 2018 to March 2020, 158 eligible patients with HCC who underwent surgery were retrospectively enrolled in MTM related cohorts, and 752 HCC patients who underwent HAIC were included in HAIC related cohorts during the same period. DLR features were extracted from dual-phase (arterial phase and venous phase) contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the entire liver region. Then, an MDLR model was used for the simultaneous prediction of the MTM subtype and patient prognosis after HAIC. The MDLR model for prognostic risk stratification incorporated DLR signatures, clinical variables and MTM subtype.

Findings

The predictive performance of the DLR model for the MTM subtype was 0.968 in the training cohort [TC], 0.912 in the internal test cohort [ITC] and 0.773 in the external test cohort [ETC], respectively. Multivariable analysis identified portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) (p = 0.012), HAIC response (p < 0.001), HAIC sessions (p < 0.001) and MTM subtype (p < 0.001) as indicators of poor prognosis. After incorporating DLR signatures, the MDLR model yielded the best performance among all models (AUC, 0.855 in the TC, 0.805 in the ITC and 0.792 in the ETC). With these variables, the MDLR model provided two risk strata for overall survival (OS) in the TC: low risk (5-year OS, 44.9%) and high risk (5-year OS, 4.9%).

Interpretation

A tool based on MDLR was developed to consider that the MTM is an important prognosis factor for HCC patients. MDLR showed outstanding performance for the prognostic risk stratification of HCC patients who underwent HAIC and may help physicians with therapeutic decision making and surveillance strategy selection in clinical practice.
Idealizing Abolition
Authors: Fryer Daniel
Published: October 2023

The United States system of policing is in drastic need of change. Some recent critics have encouraged that we avoid trying to repair the system—and abolish it altogether. In advancing this position, they often invoke ideas of “dreams,” “speculative imagination,” and “horizons” to guide efforts at fixing the problems of policing. In this essay, I caution against the overuse of this sort of idealized discourse in debates about policing. Specifically, I show how idealizations risk being counterproductive with respect to abolitionists’ activist goals, in that they suggest that if abolition is desirable, approximating abolition is also desirable; fail to clarify what the conditions of application of their view are; and operate without the feasibility-sensitivity that one should expect from a non-evaluative position. My goal is not to suggest that our system of policing is fine as is. Nor is it to diminish the importance of having a long-term revolutionary vision. By pointing out the ways in which the idealizations invoked are inconsistent with abolitionists’ activist agenda, I hope to help clarify the merits of police abolition as a guiding strategy for change and caution against the use of certain forms of idealized thinking in our efforts at police reform.
Performance evaluation of ChatGPT, GPT-4, and Bard on the official board examination of the Japan Radiology Society
Authors: Toyama Yoshitaka , Harigai Ayaka , Abe Mirei , Nagano Mitsutoshi , Kawabata Masahiro , Seki Yasuhiro , Takase Kei
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Herein, we assessed the accuracy of large language models (LLMs) in generating responses to questions in clinical radiology practice. We compared the performance of ChatGPT, GPT-4, and Google Bard using questions from the Japan Radiology Board Examination (JRBE).

Materials and methods

In total, 103 questions from the JRBE 2022 were used with permission from the Japan Radiological Society. These questions were categorized by pattern, required level of thinking, and topic. McNemar’s test was used to compare the proportion of correct responses between the LLMs. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the performance of GPT-4 for each topic category.

Results

ChatGPT, GPT-4, and Google Bard correctly answered 40.8% (42 of 103), 65.0% (67 of 103), and 38.8% (40 of 103) of the questions, respectively. GPT-4 significantly outperformed ChatGPT by 24.2% (p < 0.001) and Google Bard by 26.2% (p < 0.001). In the categorical analysis by level of thinking, GPT-4 correctly answered 79.7% of the lower-order questions, which was significantly higher than ChatGPT or Google Bard (p < 0.001). The categorical analysis by question pattern revealed GPT-4’s superiority over ChatGPT (67.4% vs. 46.5%, p = 0.004) and Google Bard (39.5%, p < 0.001) in the single-answer questions. The categorical analysis by topic revealed that GPT-4 outperformed ChatGPT (40%, p = 0.013) and Google Bard (26.7%, p = 0.004). No significant differences were observed between the LLMs in the categories not mentioned above. The performance of GPT-4 was significantly better in nuclear medicine (93.3%) than in diagnostic radiology (55.8%; p < 0.001). GPT-4 also performed better on lower-order questions than on higher-order questions (79.7% vs. 45.5%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

ChatGPTplus based on GPT-4 scored 65% when answering Japanese questions from the JRBE, outperforming ChatGPT and Google Bard. This highlights the potential of using LLMs to address advanced clinical questions in the field of radiology in Japan.
Analyzing psychophysical state and cognitive performance in human-robot collaboration for repetitive assembly processes
Authors: Gervasi Riccardo , Capponi Matteo , Mastrogiacomo Luca , Franceschini Fiorenzo
Published: October 2023

One of the main paradigms of Industry 5.0 is represented by human-robot collaboration (HRC), which aims to support humans in production processes. However, working entire shifts in close contact with a robotic system may introduce new hazards from a cognitive ergonomics perspective. This paper presents a methodological approach to monitor the evolution of the operator’s psychophysical state noninvasively in shifts of a repetitive assembly process, focusing on stress, mental workload, and fatigue. Through the use of non-invasive biosensors, it is possible to obtain objective information, even in real time, on the operator’s cognitive load and stress in a naturalistic manner (i.e., without interrupting or hindering the process). In the HRC setting, recognition of the operator’s psychophysical state is the first step in supporting his or her well-being and can provide clues to improve collaboration. The proposed method was applied to a case study aimed at comparing shifts performed both manually and with a cobot of a repetitive assembly process. The results showed significant differences in terms of process performance evolution and psychophysical state of the operator. In particular, the presence of the cobot resulted in fewer process failures, stress and cognitive load especially in the first phase of the work shift. The case study analyzed also showed the adequacy of noninvasively collected physiological data in providing important information on the evolution of the operator’s stress, cognitive load, and fatigue.
A systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in acute gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: O’Donnell Oisín , Gallagher Clodagh , Davey Matthew G. , Coulter Jonathan , Regan Mark
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Gastrointestinal bleeding results in significant morbidity, cost and mortality. TXA, an antifibrinolytic agent, has been proposed to reduce mortality; however, many studies report conflicting results.

Methods

The aim of the study was to perform the first systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs to evaluate the efficacy TXA for both upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. This was performed per PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Scopus databases were searched for RCTs. Dichotomous variables were pooled as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the MH method with random effects modelling.

Results

Fourteen RCTs were identified with 14,338 patients and mean age of 58.4 years. 34.9% (n = 5008) were female and 65.1% (n = 9330) male. There was no significant difference in mortality between TXA and placebo (RR 0.86 95% CI (0.74 to 1.00), P: 0.05). The secondary outcomes, similarly, did not yield significant results. These included rebleeding, need for surgical intervention (RR: 0.75 95% CI (0.53, 1.07)), endoscopic intervention (RR: 0.92 95% CI (0.70, 1.22)), transfusion requirement (RR: 1.01 95% CI (0.94, 10.7)) and length of stay (RR: 0.03 95% CI (− 0.03, 0.08)). There was no increased risk of VTE, RR: 1.29 95% CI (0.53, 3.16). One trial (n = 12,009) reported an increased risk of seizure in the TXA group, RR: 1.73 95% CI (1.03–2.93).

Conclusion

TXA does not reduce mortality in patients with acute upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding and may confer an increased risk of seizures. The authors do not recommend the use of TXA in acute gastrointestinal bleeding.
Gamification: a Novel Approach to Mental Health Promotion
Authors: Cheng Cecilia , Ebrahimi Omid V.
Published: October 2023

Purpose of Review

Gamification has emerged as a novel technique for improving mental health and enhancing treatment effectiveness. This paper provides an overview of gamification approaches to mental health intervention, identifies factors that may be related to variations in treatment effectiveness, and discusses possible strategies for tailoring gamified interventions to clients’ needs.

Recent Findings

Recent research has documented the potential of gamified mental health interventions for bolstering mental wellness and mitigating psychological symptoms. However, their effectiveness may vary depending on study design-related factors and gender-specific considerations. Literature reviews have also identified yet-to-be resolved issues surrounding the possible strengths and weaknesses of the personalization versus standardization of gamification, as well as the potential benefits of gamification for increasing engagement versus the potential risks of over-engagement and behavioral addiction to gamified components.

This review highlights the need for careful planning and execution of gamified mental health interventions to optimize their effectiveness and suitability for meeting clients’ individual needs and preferences.
Fatty Acids and their Proteins in Adipose Tissue Inflammation
Authors: Mallick Rahul , Basak Sanjay , Das Ranjit K. , Banerjee Antara , Paul Sujay , Pathak Surajit , Duttaroy Asim K.
Published: October 2023

Chronic low-grade adipose tissue inflammation is associated with metabolic disorders. Inflammation results from the intertwined cross-talks of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in the immune response of adipose tissue. In addition, adipose FABP4 levels and lipid droplet proteins are involved in systemic and tissue inflammation. Dysregulated adipocytes help infiltrate immune cells derived from bone marrow responsible for producing cytokines and chemokines. When adipose tissue expands in excess, adipocyte exhibits increased secretion of adipokines and is implicated in metabolic disturbances due to the release of free fatty acids. This review presents an emerging concept in adipose tissue fat metabolism, fatty acid handling and binding proteins, and lipid droplet proteins and their involvement in inflammatory disorders.
Ethical Design of Social Robots in Aged Care: A Literature Review Using an Ethics of Care Perspective
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Coghlan Simon , Lederman Reeva , Waycott Jenny
Published: October 2023

With interest growing in social robots for older people, it is crucial to consider how robots can be designed to support wellbeing and ethical values in residential aged care. By applying Tronto’s ethics of care framework and the Care Centred Value-Sensitive Design methodology to existing literature, this paper investigates how caring values are expressed, achieved, or undermined in interactions among older adults, caregivers, and social robots in real-world aged care practices. We conducted a comprehensive review of 18 qualitative and mixed-method studies on the deployment of humanoid social robots in residential aged care settings. Our analysis of the literature through a care ethics lens identified ways in which robots may either augment or limit care. The analysis particularly highlights the ethical importance of effective collaboration among robots, caregivers, and designers. We argue that a care ethics framework can enhance such collaboration and thereby promote good care. We further propose four design principles to guide designers in integrating care ethics into robot design requirements. These practical principles should help to promote the wellbeing of both residents and caregivers in aged care.
Interlaboratory comparison of testing hydraulic, elastic, and failure properties in compression: lessons learned
Authors: Cheng Yan , Lockner David , Duda Mandy , Morrow Carolyn , Saffer Demian , Song Insun , Renner Jörg
Published: October 2023

Many geoscientific problems require us to exploit synergies of experimental and numerical approaches, which in turn lead to questions regarding the significance of experimental details for validation of numerical codes. We report results of an interlaboratory comparison regarding experimental determination of mechanical and hydraulic properties of samples from five rock types, three sandstone varieties with porosities ranging from 5% to 20%, a marble, and a granite. The objective of this study was to build confidence in the participating laboratories’ testing approaches and to establish tractable standards for several physical properties of rocks. We addressed the issue of sample-to-sample variability by investigating the variability of basic physical properties of samples of a particular rock type and by performing repeat tests. Compressive strength of the different rock types spans an order of magnitude and shows close agreement between the laboratories. However, differences among stress–strain relations indicate that the external measurement of axial displacement and the determination of system stiffness require special attention, apparently more so than the external load measurement. Furthermore, post-failure behavior seems to exhibit some machine-dependence. The different methods used for the determination of hydraulic permeability, covering six orders of magnitude for the sample suite, yield differences in absolute values and pressure dependence for some rocks but not for others. The origin of the differences in permeability, in no case exceeding an order of magnitude, correlate with the compressive strength and potentially reflect a convolution of end plug–sample interaction, sample-to-sample variability, heterogeneity on sample scale, and/or anisotropy, the last two aspects are notably not accounted for by the applied evaluation procedures. Our study provides an extensive data set apt for “benchmarking” considerations, be it regarding new laboratory equipment or numerical modeling approaches.
Remanufacturing capacity planning in new markets—effects of different forecasting assumptions on remanufacturing capacity planning for electric vehicle batteries
Authors: Huster Sandra , Rosenberg Sonja , Glöser-Chahoud Simon , Schultmann Frank
Published: October 2023

When planning production or remanufacturing capacity, it is necessary to use forecasts. In the case of production, demand must be forecasted; in the case of remanufacturing, core supply is also uncertain. In the remanufacturing literature, there are different methods to forecast product returns in the long term, mostly material-flow analysis, system dynamics simulation, and discrete-event simulation. All methods require various assumptions to be taken. The effects of the assumptions are rarely studied, although every assumption adds a source of error. In this paper, we examine which assumptions influence long-term forecasts for remanufacturing capacity planning the most. This can help researchers and practitioners to focus on the most influencing factors and neglect those that would only add complexity without adding value. We examine assumptions concerning new product sales, product composition, product lifetime, return rate, and return quality. Our use case are electric vehicle batteries in Germany from 2022 to 2032. We find that, for the examined period, product quality and return rate have the greatest influence on capacity planning. Assumptions on an age limit for cores or a certain remaining useful life as a quality gate significantly lower the product return quantities and the resulting demand for remanufacturing capacity. The product's lifespan also influences the results, first and foremost regarding the entry point into remanufacturing activities. Sales forecasts affect the results minorly if the timeframe of the forecast and the expected product lifespan are approximately the same.
Promoting the Maneuverability and Fault-Tolerant Control Capabilities of Dual-System/Hybrid VTOL UAVs
Authors: Salem Wessam Ahmed , Mohamady Osama , Draz Mohannad , El-bayoumi Gamal
Published: October 2023

This paper presents an active fault-tolerant flight control system (FCS) design for the dual-system/hybrid VTOL UAV configuration that maximally exploits its inherent over-actuation abilities to provide higher levels of fault-tolerance and reliability compared to that of the other VTOL UAVs configurations up to this point. The significance of this study is to convert the main drawback of having the vertical rotors as dead weights during the cruise to a key advantage where all the UAV's controls are kept active during all the flight phases raising the UAV's fault-tolerance and maneuverability abilities. The FCS proposed elaborates on a new architecture for the hierarchical automatic control loops using the dynamic inversion control to design the trajectory tracking virtual commands and employing optimal dynamic control allocation to optimally resolve the controls redundancy. Regarding fault-tolerance, the presented FCS handles simultaneous failures and jamming of all the control surfaces during flight where the control commands to the healthy controls (vertical rotors) were automatically adapted such that the trimming and trajectory tracking were successfully maintained till the mission end. Additionally, this paper addresses for the first time the employment of the controls redundancy to enhance the VTOL UAV's maneuverability in fault-free cases, where we present a study of reducing the minimum turn radius of the UAV when the vertical rotors are employed with the control surfaces during the maneuver. A reduction of 38% in the coordinated steady-level minimum turn radius turn at 35 m/sec flight speed was achieved.
Prediction of complications in diabetes mellitus using machine learning models with transplanted topic model features
Authors: Han Benedict Choonghyun , Kim Jimin , Choi Jinwook
Published: October 2023

Purpose: This study aims to predict the progression of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) from the clinical notes through machine learning based on latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling. Particularly, 174,427 clinical notes of DM patients were collected from the electronic medical record (EMR) system of the Seoul National University Hospital outpatient clinic.Method: We developed a model to predict the development of DM complications. Topics developed by the topic model were exploited as the key feature of our machine-learning model. The proposed model generalized a correlation between topic structures and complications.Results: The model provided acceptable predictive performance for all four types of complications (diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cerebrovascular accident). Upon employing extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), we obtained the F1 scores of the predictions for each complication type as 0.844, 0.921, 0.831, and 0.762.Conclusion: This study shows that a machine learning project based on topic modeling can effectively predict the progress of a disease. Furthermore, a unique way of topic model transplanting, which matches the dimension of the topic structures of the two data sets, is presented.
Synthesis and evaluation of core–shell nanocomposites for the photodegradation of liner alkyl-benzene sulfonate water contaminations
Authors: Hassan M. E.-D. R. , Barakat M. E. S. , Yosef E. H. E.
Published: October 2023

Linear alkyl-benzene sulfonate surfactants (LAS) are a major pollutant source of sewage and wastewater. They trigger severe impact on the environmental fauna and flora. Current research explores the synthesis of three different core–shell nanocomposites (CSNCs) containing titania through an inexpensive oxidative polymerization technique. The fabricated CSNCs were evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of LAS water contaminations. The selected CSNCs investigated for this study were the TiO2/poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) and TiO2/ poly(aniline-co-3-Me-thiophene) as well as the TiO2/terpolymer (aniline-pyrrole-m-aminobenzoic acid). The structure of the formed nanocomposites was confirmed by varied characterization spectroscopy. The core–shell structure of the nanocomposites was confirmed by scanning electron micrographs and transmission electron microscopy. The CSNCs exhibited intensive photo catalytic degradation efficacy toward LAS under visible light exposure in comparison with the exposure in their absence. The parameters optimizing their photovoltaic degradation efficiency were assessed. The presented approach implies that an effective, economical, and environmentally friendly synthetic setup was achieved to produce novel CSNCs with high potential as LAS photodegradation agents.