bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liberalism beyond toleration: Religious exemptions, civility and the ideological other
Authors: Macedo Stephen
Published: March 2019

I address the long-standing problem of toleration in diverse liberal societies in light of the progress of same-sex marriage and continued vehement opposition to it from a significant portion of the population. I advance a view that contrasts with recent discussions by Teresa Bejan, Mere Civility, and especially Cecile Laborde, Liberalism’s Religion. Laborde emphasizes the importance of state sovereignty in fixing the boundaries of church and state, emphasizing the priority of public authority and constitutional supremacy. I argue that emphasis on priority needs to be complemented by a recognition of the importance of forms of reconciliation that go beyond ‘mere civility’. Reflections on toleration in the liberal and democratic traditions – including in the canonical discussions of Locke, Rousseau, Smith and Tocqueville, and in more recent political science – have recognized that the health of liberal democracy benefits enormously from the educative and morally formative resources furnished by religious communities. We must hope and plan for the reconciliation of the values of liberal democracy and the teachings of the major religions in society. In that context, a great source of present difficulty is the political polarization that infects and inflects religious differences. For that reason, I applaud aspects of Justice Kennedy’s opinion in Masterpiece Cakeshop. Kennedy insists on the equal dignity of gay and lesbian couples, but also requires that the complaints of religious wedding vendors should be listened to respectfully. While progressives constantly urge that we do more to include the other – typically meaning refugees, migrants, racial, sexual minorities and so on – one great challenge in conditions of hyper polarization is to include the ideological other.
Political consumerism: A comparative analysis of established and developing democracies
Authors: Gundelach Birte
Published: March 2019

Research on political consumerism has focused predominantly on highly developed democracies. This focus has led to theoretical explanations closely connected to the social and political transformations of advanced industrialized democracies. In times of globalization and individualization, political consumerism is assumed to originate in political distrust stemming from perceived governance gaps. Recently, political consumerism has become a more frequent form of political participation in the Global South and a research topic attracting increased attention. The inclusion of the Global South requires a re-evaluation of political distrust as a general stimulus for political consumerism because of its conceptual links to socio-economic contexts in the Global North. This article provides such a re-evaluation and thereby advances the comparative analysis of political distrust as an important impetus of political consumerism in established as well as developing democracies.
Discovery reliability
Authors: Hånell Anders
Published: March 2019

Whenever an experiment yields a statistically significant outcome you should ask yourself: To what extent can I trust this result? This is especially important for pre-clinical drug studies because of the frequent failures of phase III clinical trials of neurological diseases, which has put the reliability of pre-clinical research into question. Two important factors, the pre-study likelihood of treatment benefit, and statistical power, affects the reliability of the result in a quantifiable way. This can be used to assess to what extent the result of a study can be trusted (discovery reliability), and to guide the design of pre-clinical research.
Classical English School Theory and the Ottoman/Turk: Reimagining an Exclusionary Eurocentric Narrative
Authors: Ruacan Ipek Zeynep
Published: March 2019

This article maintains that the treatment of the Ottoman/Turk in the English School of International Relations, as in broader Western scholarship, is Eurocentric and highlights less frequently utilized concepts to restructure our thinking on the Ottomans. In Eurocentric historical narratives, the Ottomans are represented as an abnormal entity or as the very opposite of Europeanness. This peculiar representation anachronistically impacts upon European Union–Turkey relations today as the Europeans conflate the dissolved Ottoman Empire with contemporary Turkey. In an attempt to move forward, I turn to Martin Wight’s concepts to recast the Ottomans as a potential European superpower rather than as an abnormality in European life and then to Herbert Butterfield’s “academic history” as one way of dissociating the Ottoman past and the Turkish present. Both moves can help reimagine the Ottoman/Turk on more positive and balanced terms.
Analysis of the Incentive for Slow Steaming in Chinese Sulfur Emission Control Areas
Authors: Fan Lixian , Huang Liyan
Published: March 2019

The increasing concerns caused by marine environmental issues have aroused attention from international agencies and regional governments about the regulation of the amount of ship emissions. There are various measures and regulations to control shipping emissions, among which emission control areas (ECAs) have been recognized as an effective tool to restrict shipping emissions along coastlines. Realizing the serious damage caused by shipping emissions, the Chinese Ministry of Transport announced the establishment of sulfur emission control areas (SECAs) in 2015. However, the low SECA standards have aroused public concern about their effectiveness. This study analyzes the incentives for slow steaming in Chinese SECAs based on the existing research models of speed. A specific route from Shanghai to Los Angeles is chosen and the ship speeds inside and outside the SECA are simulated by minimizing the shipping company’s operating costs. By analyzing the simulated results and comparing different scenarios, it has been found that the current range of SECAs in China cannot induce speed differentiation behaviors. At the same time, a ratio of more than 7% (the ratio of SECA distance to the total round-trip distance) is proposed as effective for designing the SECA boundary. This study provides various guidelines on the designation of SECAs for international and regional marine policies.
“The Power of Me”: The Role of Agency in the Resilience Processes of Adolescent African Girls Who Have Been Sexually Abused
Authors: Haffejee Sadiyya , Theron Linda
Published: March 2019

In this article we explore how individual expressions of agency are shaped by structural factors and exercised by Black African girls with child sexual abuse (CSA) histories as they navigate resilience pathways. We employed a qualitative multiple instrumental case study design and purposefully recruited seven Black African girls, between the ages of 15 and 18 years, with a history of CSA. Participants were engaged in a range of participatory methods that included participatory diagramming (time lines), digital stories, and participatory videos. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Findings highlight how agency, as a process of resilience, manifested as well as how these agentic expressions were activated, bound, and later reciprocated and sustained by the surrounding social structures.
The Corpus Callosum and PTSD Severity
Authors: Graziano Robert , Bruce Steven , Paul Robert
Published: March 2019

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic, debilitating disorder that is associated with neural alterations in multiple brain regions. Neuroimaging studies have largely focused on gray matter abnormalities in PTSD, with less information known about the integrity of white matter tracts. Prior studies of brain white matter in PTSD have produced mixed results, likely due to differences in neuroimaging sequences and clinical variables. This study addressed this gap by examining the microstructural integrity of the corpus callosum, the largest white matter fiber bundle in the brain, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Sixty adult females diagnosed with PTSD with a history of interpersonal violence were compared with 18 trauma-exposed controls. All participants underwent DTI using 1.5 T. MANOVA revealed significantly higher fractional anisotropy (FA; p = .012) in the genu of the corpus callosum (GCC) compared with the trauma-exposed controls. These results suggest the GCC to relate to PTSD symptomatology. Further studies of this mechanism may provide insight into improving treatment and prevention efforts.
Aerodynamic modeling of a flexible flapping-wing micro-air vehicle in the bond graph environment with the aim of assessing the lateral control power
Authors: Karimian Saeed , Jahanbin Zahra
Published: March 2019

In this paper, an integrated and systematic modeling of all components and subsystems of a flapping bird robot is developed using the bond graph method. The wings kinematic is independently implemented with the aim of evaluating lateral movements of the bird and aerodynamic forces are accurately extracted by assuming quasi-steady theory. In the present dynamic model, the aeroelastic bending behavior of flexible wing of the flapping bird is revealed by the bond graph method. In this regard, three elastic bending modes and one rigid motion mode of the wing are added to the model. In the following, the performance evaluation of the flapping bird and parametric study are carried out around important quantities such as frequency, initial incidence angle, torsional stiffness, and flapping amplitude of the wings, which results in applicable and attractive consequences. As an innovation, the initial classification and presentation of the comparative characteristic curves for generating lateral forces without using an additional control surface and only based on asymmetry in the flapping kinematic using the bond graph approach is done, which is essential to perform lateral-directional maneuvers. Some important correlations are achieved, which are presented in detail in the text. As an example, the relation between lateral force and phase difference between wings is quasi-linear in a variety of velocities. Therefore, this parameter can be used as input in design of lateral control system. On the other hand, the sensitivity of the lateral force to active pitch angle is more than other quantities; as a result, such mechanism can be effectively used in rapid maneuvers. Finally, based on the presented bond graph model, it would be easily possible to study the effects of design variables, mechanical properties, geometric constraints, and specially flapping kinematics on a wide range of functional and performance indices.
Modelling the radially polarised annular stator of a piezoelectric travelling wave ultrasonic motor based on the shear effect
Authors: Costa Conrado Ana
Published: March 2019

This article deals with the mathematical–analytical model of a radially polarised stator, part of a piezoelectric travelling wave ultrasonic motor based on the shear effect. The stator is treated with a Reissner–Mindlin plate model containing piezoelectric terms. The so-obtained mathematical description of the disc stator takes into account its geometry, kinematics and characteristics that influence efficiency and torque. Rayleigh–Ritz discretisation is used to obtain eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes of the stator plate. In addition, there are often teeth over the contact surface of ring-shaped stators to minimise the friction losses during operation of the motor, and possible vibration modes are compared with respect to the deflexion of the contact points. In the laboratory, measured eigenfrequencies of the free vibrations of the plate corroborate the numerical method. Particularly, the generation of travelling waves requests the excitation of two degenerated vibration modes in a certain electrode configuration. A voltage inverter was designed for this purpose.
Experimental testing and modelling of a rotary variable stiffness and damping shock absorber using magnetorheological technology
Authors: Deng Lei , Sun Shuaishuai , Christie Matthew D , Yang Jian , Ning Donghong , Zhu Xiaojing , Du Haiping , Zhang Shiwu , Li Weihua
Published: March 2019

This article presents a novel rotary shock absorber which combines the abilities of variable stiffness and variable damping by assembling a set of two magnetorheological damping units, one of which being placed in series with a rubber spring. This allows the damping and stiffness to be controlled independently by the internal damping and the external damping units, respectively. A test bench was established to verify the variable stiffness and damping functionality. The experimental results for variable damping test, variable stiffness test and co-working test are presented. At the amplitude of 10° and the frequency 0.5 Hz, increases of 141.6% and 618.1% are obtained for damping and stiffness separately if the corresponding current increased from 0 to 1 A and from 0 to 2 A, respectively. A mathematical model is then developed and verified to predict the changing of the damping and stiffness. The test results and the simulated model confirm the feasibility of the shock absorber with the ability of varying damping and stiffness simultaneously.
Contextualizing the Economic Basis of Political Support: Government Economic Engagement, Economic Perceptions, and Democratic Satisfaction
Authors: Tang Min , Huhe Narisong
Published: March 2019

Research has shown that citizens’ economic perceptions heavily influence their political support, both support for the incumbent government and support for the political system. Yet, inadequate attention has been paid to how the economic roles of the government shape the economic basis of political support. We argue that the extent to which the government is engaged in the economy determines how people attribute economic success or failure to the government and thus moderates the effect of economic perceptions. Focusing on one widely researched measurement of political support in a democratic setting, democratic satisfaction, we analyze the moderating effect of government economic engagement on the effect of economic perceptions among eighteen Latin American democracies. A consistent finding yielded in our study is that with a higher level of economic engagement of the government, there is a stronger association between citizens’ perceptions of economic conditions and their satisfaction with democracy.
Why Women Are Not Talking About It: Reasons for Nondisclosure of Sexual Victimization and Associated Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression
Authors: Carson Kaitlin Walsh , Babad Sara , Brown Elissa J. , Brumbaugh Claudia Chloe , Castillo Betzabe K. , Nikulina Valentina
Published: March 2019

Disclosure of traumatic experiences is typically encouraged and associated with positive outcomes. However, there is limited research on nondisclosure of sexual trauma and consequent symptomology. This online study of undergraduate females examines reasons for nondisclosure and associated symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Of 221 participants who reported sexual victimization, 25% had not previously disclosed it. Four reasons for nondisclosure were identified: shame, minimization of experience, fear of consequences, and privacy. Nondisclosers who minimized the experience and nondisclosers low on shame reported fewer PTSD symptoms than disclosers. These findings suggest that reasons for nondisclosure are associated with symptomology.
Best Practices in Data Collection and Preparation: Recommendations for Reviewers, Editors, and Authors
Authors: Aguinis Herman , Hill N. Sharon , Bailey James R.
Published: March 2019

We offer best-practice recommendations for journal reviewers, editors, and authors regarding data collection and preparation. Our recommendations are applicable to research adopting different epistemological and ontological perspectives—including both quantitative and qualitative approaches—as well as research addressing micro (i.e., individuals, teams) and macro (i.e., organizations, industries) levels of analysis. Our recommendations regarding data collection address (a) type of research design, (b) control variables, (c) sampling procedures, and (d) missing data management. Our recommendations regarding data preparation address (e) outlier management, (f) use of corrections for statistical and methodological artifacts, and (g) data transformations. Our recommendations address best practices as well as transparency issues. The formal implementation of our recommendations in the manuscript review process will likely motivate authors to increase transparency because failure to disclose necessary information may lead to a manuscript rejection decision. Also, reviewers can use our recommendations for developmental purposes to highlight which particular issues should be improved in a revised version of a manuscript and in future research. Taken together, the implementation of our recommendations in the form of checklists can help address current challenges regarding results and inferential reproducibility as well as enhance the credibility, trustworthiness, and usefulness of the scholarly knowledge that is produced.
Understanding sovereign leadership as a response to terrorism: A post-foundational analysis
Authors: Smolović Jones Owain , Smolović Jones Sanela , Grint Keith
Published: March 2019

This study seeks to better understand how notions of sovereign power as a response to terrorism are built and bolstered through use of the signifier ‘leadership’. Through a post-foundational analysis of the speeches, press conferences and writings of former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, we theorise ‘sovereign leadership’ as the deployment of the signifier leadership in ways that foreclose language so as to normalise the discourse and acts of sovereign power. Our key finding is that sovereign leadership offers a (misleadingly) straightforward solution to the complex problem of terrorism through foreclosing language so that alternative responses are excluded. In exploring articulations of sovereign leadership, we illuminate its contingency, and therefore, also its contestability, within a system of discursive resources. We posit three foreclosing moments that are drawn upon to bolster the urgency, affective salience and justness of sovereign leadership: emergency, positivity and vulnerability. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of our study for interpreting articulations of leadership in everyday organisational and political life.
Reducing friction power losses of flywheel energy storage systems using PTFE composites: A technical note
Authors: Jiang Shuyun , Qiu Yujiang
Published: March 2019

This technical note aims to reduce friction power loss of flywheel energy storage system (FESS) supported by hydrodynamic spiral groove bearing and permanent magnetic bearing (PMB). An approach is proposed to fabricate the spiral groove bearing using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite. A test rig is developed to test tribological properties of the spiral groove PTFE bearings. Also, two PTFE composites (C-PTFE: 80 vol.% PTFE filled with 20 vol.% graphite; C-Cu-PTFE 50 vol.% PTFE filled with 20 vol.% graphite and 30 vol.% copper powder) are tested. Results show that the friction power losses of the C-PTFE and C-Cu-PTFE bearings are lower than that of the traditional albronze (CuAl) bearing in the whole speed range. In addition, the spiral groove PTFE bearings show an excellent friction-reducing property under boundary or mixed lubrication condition. Finally, a case study is given to show the spiral groove PTFE bearing is capable of reducing the friction power loss of the FESS.
Addressing mental health stigma: A pilot educational video intervention for caregivers to facilitate psychiatric consultation in inpatient pediatric care settings
Authors: Talbot Rachel , Malas Nasuh
Published: March 2019

Mental health stigma continues to be a significant barrier for psychiatric care in youth. Parental misperceptions regarding mental health may interfere with their child’s care and negatively influence their child’s view of mental health. For some children, their first experience with psychiatry occurs during medical hospitalization when they are seen by the Pediatric Consultation-Liaison (C/L) Psychiatry Service. Despite this unique role, there is sparse research on how to address mental health stigma with patients and families within the context of Pediatric C/L Psychiatry. This study explores the use of a brief educational video with messages from the Pediatric C/L Psychiatry team, families who have accessed mental health consultation in the hospital, and brief video interactions between family and the C/L team, to address mental health stigma. Common misconceptions are addressed during the video with the intent of reducing negative parental perceptions relating to mental health care. Families are given a survey highlighting these concerns, prior to and after watching the video. Pre- and post-intervention responses were compared using paired sample’s t-tests. Results indicated that the video did positively change parent’s confidence that psychiatry can be helpful, reduced their preconceived stigma regarding confidentiality, while alleviating concerns regarding psychotropic medication use in youth. Use of an educational video may be feasible, time efficient, and effective at reducing parental mental health stigma.
Monotonic and cyclic behavior of polyamide 66/hectorite nanocomposites in marine environment
Authors: Venkata Timmaraju Mallina , Gnanamoorthy R , Kannan K
Published: March 2019

Product design for safe performance and operation in harsh environments triggers the importance of understanding property degradation due to prolonged exposure of advanced composite materials to such environments. The effect of seawater immersion on monotonic tensile, stress relaxation, and cyclic bending fatigue response of polyamide 66 nanocomposites containing 0%, 1%, and 5% hectorite organoclay were investigated. Seawater equilibrated nanocomposites demonstrated less moisture absorption compared to their pure counterparts. The imbibed seawater significantly increased the ductility, and reduced the tensile modulus and strength of nanocomposites. A nine-parameter Prony series viscoelastic constitutive model was used to estimate the influence of seawater on the viscoelastic behavior based on stress relaxation data. The phenomenological model evaluated a drop of 82% in the instantaneous and the residual elastic moduli indicating a significant plasticizing effect of seawater. However, the amount of increase in the rubbery nature of polyamide is observed from the reduction in stress relaxation time of first Maxwell element by about 40%. Nanocomposites exhibited improved fatigue life with an increase in organoclay content even after equilibration in seawater. The fracture surface observation of seawater equilibrated bending fatigue specimen revealed rubbery behavior indicating the positive difference between cyclic steady-state temperature and material glass transition temperature.
Fluid–structure interaction analysis of fluid pressure pulsation and structural vibration features in a vertical axial pump
Authors: Zhang Liaojun , Wang Shuo , Yin Guojiang , Guan Chaonian
Published: March 2019

Current studies on the operation of the axial pump mainly focus on hydraulic performances, while the coupled interaction between the fluid and structure attracts little attention. This study aims to provide numerical investigation into the vibration features in a vertical axial pump based on two-way iterative fluid–structure interaction method. Three-dimensional coupling model was established with high-quality structured grids of ADINA software. Turbulent flow features were studied under design condition, using shear–stress transport k-ω turbulence model and sliding mesh approach. Typical measure points along and perpendicular to flow direction in fluid domain were selected to analyze pressure pulsation features of the impeller and fixed guide vane. By contrast, vibration features of equivalent stress in corresponding structural positions were investigated and compared based on fluid–structure interaction method. In order to explore fluid–structure interaction vibration mechanism, distribution of main frequencies and amplitudes of the measure points was presented based on the Fast Fourier Transformation method. The results reveal the time and frequency law of fluid pressure pulsation and structural vibration at the same position in the vertical axial pump while additionally provide important theoretical guidance for optimization design and safe operation of the vertical axial pump.
The Food Network’s Heartland Kitchens: Cooking up neoconservative comfort in the United States
Authors: Dejmanee Tisha
Published: March 2019

Since 2010, the Food Network has introduced a series of female-hosted, daytime shows that emphasise conservative regions of the United States and glamorise traditional gender roles. I discuss the shared characteristics of such shows and explain how this kitchen-centred neoconservatism emanates from a culture of national anxiety, as well as the parallel shifts to traditionalism incited by foodie culture, post-feminism and neo-liberalism. I contend that the ways in which home cooking is presented on these shows may work to conflate the pleasures of food with the pleasures of gendered and racial neoconservatism in the United States.
Synthesis of silver nanostructures in ionic liquid media and their application to photodegradation of methyl orange
Authors: Park Hyesu , Hira Shamim Ahmed , Muthuchamy Nallal , Park Sungkyun , Park Kang Hyun
Published: March 2019

Silver nanostructures (silver nanopaerticles e.g AgNPs and silver nanoplates e.g AgNPls) of various sizes and shapes were prepared using different reducing agents in ionic liquid media. The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, which acts both as a cosolvent and a surfactant, was used to synthesize smaller and more ordered silver nanostructures. Spherical nanoparticles (silver NPs) were prepared using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. On the other hand, plate-shaped silver nanostructures (silver NPls) were prepared using hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent. The as-synthesized silver nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. The resulting materials were applied for the photodegradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. Because of their large surface area, the silver NPs showed better photocatalytic activity compared with that of Ag NPls.
Extraction Optimization of 5,7-Dihydroxy-6,8,4′-trimethoxyflavonol, a Bioactive Flavonoid from Rubus rosifolius (Rosaceae) Leaves
Authors: da Rocha Pittarello Janieire Lorraine , Petreanu Marcel , Filho Valdir Cechinel , Rodrigues Clóvis Antonio , Klein-Júnior Luiz Carlos , Niero Rivaldo
Published: March 2019

Recently, it has been demonstrated that a rare flavonoid, 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8,4′-trimethoxyflavonol (1), isolated from the leaves of Rubus rosifolius showed significant antiproliferative activity against different cancer cell lines and had a diuretic effect. This study aimed to determine the best extraction method evaluating dynamic maceration extraction (DME), ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave assisted extraction (MAE). In addition, level optimization for different factors was focused using Design of Experiments. The flavonoid content was estimated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated that UAE provided the highest content with the shortest extraction time. For optimization, response surface methodology (RSM) was used, applying a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) with three factors at three levels. It was possible to observe that the flavonoid content significantly increased with the increase of temperature (max. 70°C). The time had little influence on the extraction and, for this reason, was set at 25 min. With regard to the drug/solvent ratio, it was observed that this had an impact on yield with a ratio of 3.5%. A model was built and a determination coefficient of 0.98 was obtained. After validation, an optimized method was developed, able to extract 1 with a lower time, lower solvent consumption, and affording higher contents.
Morphological and Phytochemical Characterization of Piper mosenii
Authors: Zermiani Tailyn , Santos Matheus C. , Lobato Fabiane M. , Blödorn Vinicius B. , Andrade Fernanda S. M. , Lacava Letícia C. , Inoue Thamiris Y. , Ferreira Renê A. , Guimarães Elsie F. , Machado Marina S. , Lucinda-Silva Ruth M. , Malheiros Ângela
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to describe, for the first time, the microscopic characteristics of Piper mosenii C. DC. (Piperaceae) leaves and the phytochemical composition of the aerial parts of the species grown wild in Brazil. Macroscopic analysis of the leaves was made with naked eye and supplemented with stereomicroscopy. The leaves showed similar venation than observed for other Piper species, but with a greater amount of colenchyma cells. The absence of endoderm was observed in the cross section of the leaf, which is a characteristic not reported for other Piper species. The phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation of four benzoic acid derivatives (1-4), two chromanones (5, 6) and a dihydrochalcone (7). Compound 6, 2,2-dimethyl-6-carboxychroman-4-one acid is being described for the first time in Piperaceae, and the compound (4) 3-(1'-oxo-3'-methyl-2'-butenyl)-4-methoxy-benzoic acid is being reported for the first time in the literature.
The normative foundations of the criminalization of human smuggling: Exploring the fault lines between European and international law
Authors: Mitsilegas Valsamis
Published: March 2019

The aim of this article is to examine the different manifestations of the criminalization of human smuggling and to provide a critique of the normative foundations of such criminalization. A wide range of conduct has been criminalized as human smuggling in international and European law. This conduct ranges from organized crime to exploitation and violence to humanitarian assistance to irregular entry, with recent calls being made for smuggling to be treated as a crime against humanity. The article will examine the criminalization of human smuggling critically, by providing a taxonomy of the claimed and real normative foundations for such criminalization. The analysis will cast light on the ambiguity behind the criminalization of human smuggling and evaluate critically attempts to adopt a ‘catch-all’ approach to criminalization. The limits of this approach will be demonstrated, in particular by highlighting the considerable differences in criminalization approaches at United Nations and at European Union level.
Escherichia coli-induced granulomatous colitis in a cat
Authors: Matsumoto Isao , Nakashima Ko , Morita Hajime , Kasahara Koichi , Kataoka Osamu , Uchida Kazuyuki
Published: March 2019

Case summary

A 10-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat presented with a 6 month history of diarrhoea that responded poorly to medical treatment. Ultrasonography revealed moderate thickening of the colonic wall (4.8 mm) and right colic and jejunal lymphadenomegalies. Endoscopic examination revealed partial circumferential narrowing of the transverse colon and friable colonic mucosa with multiple haemorrhagic regions. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed a large number of Escherichia coli phagocytosed by periodic acid–Schiff-positive macrophages. Bacterial culture also yielded enrofloxacin-sensitive E coli. The cat was initially treated with prednisolone, which resulted in little improvement. Following histopathological examination and bacterial culture, treatment with enrofloxacin was commenced. Antibacterial therapy resulted in remission of the diarrhoea and an increase in body weight within 14 days.

Relevance and novel information

Granulomatous colitis (GC) or histiocytic ulcerative colitis has been rarely described in cats. There has only been one previously published case study involving a cat, and the aetiology remains largely unknown. The current article describes the regression of E coli-related GC following antibacterial treatment in a cat. Clinical signs, histopathological appearance and response to enrofloxacin were similar to those in canine GC. The current findings suggest that E coli also plays an important role in the development of feline GC.
Patient-Reported Satisfaction Following Radiation of Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Thiboutot Eva , Craighead Peter , Webb Carmen , Temple-Oberle Claire
Published: March 2019

Background:

Little is known with regard to patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in the setting of implant-based reconstruction (IBR) with post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT).

Methods:

We identified patients who underwent immediate IBR from a prospectively compiled database. The Breast Reconstruction Satisfaction Questionnaire (BRECON-31) was scored and compared between patients with and without PMRT.

Results:

Sixty-four women met the study criteria. Forty-eight did not receive PMRT and 16 did. Nine women had an unanticipated indication for PMRT. The PMRT group was similar to the control group with regard to baseline characteristics (ie, age, marital status, body mass index, tobacco use, and comorbidities). However, treatment and oncologic characteristics (eg, diagnosis, tumour characteristics, systemic therapy use) differed. Of all complications, only capsular contracture rates differed (1.2% vs 13%; P = .01). Of the 9 subscales, 7 showed no difference in satisfaction between the groups. Radiated women scored lower in the arm concerns and breast appearance subscales. Scores were similar whether the indication for PMRT had been anticipated or not.

Discussion:

Women with immediate IBR scored similarly to their nonradiated counterparts across 7 of 9 domains of satisfaction. Arm concerns and breast appearance scores are lower with PMRT, likely secondarily to more extensive nodal procedures in higher stage patients and to the side effect profile of radiotherapy. Our findings are in line with the few available studies using other PRO tools to evaluate the impact of PMRT on patient satisfaction and studies objectively measuring the effect of PMRT on arm morbidity and cosmetic outcomes.
The Association Between Facial Proportions and Patient Satisfaction After Rhinoplasty: A Prospective Study
Authors: Zojaji Ramin , Sobhani Ehsan , Keshavarzmanesh Mojdeh , Dehghan Parastoo , Meshkat Mojtaba
Published: March 2019

Hypothesis:

Rhinoplasty is one of the most common aesthetic surgeries. The aim of the study was to evaluate facial proportions and patient satisfaction with the appearance of their nose after rhinoplasty compared to preoperatively.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted at Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch. Eighty-two candidates with indications for primary cosmetic rhinoplasty were selected. Facial proportions and patient satisfaction with their nasal appearance were evaluated before and 6 months after rhinoplasty. Patient satisfaction was assessed using the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation questionnaire.

Results:

Eighty-two patients referred for cosmetic rhinoplasty (13.4% men and 86.6% women) with a mean age of 28.5 (6.4) years underwent open rhinoplasty and were evaluated. Facial proportions, including nasofrontal, nasolabial, and nasomental ratios increased significantly, while the nasofacial ratio, nasal tip projection, columellar show, alar base, and nasal length reduced significantly after rhinoplasty ( P < .05). Furthermore, patient satisfaction with the appearance of their nose increased significantly after surgery ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

All of the facial proportions changed significantly following rhinoplasty. Although patient satisfaction with nose appearance increases significantly after the operation, there is no significant association between patient satisfaction and facial proportions. As beauty is a subjective, relative and qualitative issue, facial proportions may not be a proper tool to determine facial beauty and predict the satisfaction rate following rhinoplasty.
Infantile myofibromatosis treated by mandibulectomy and staged reconstruction with submental flap and free fibula flap: A case report
Authors: Maby Alexandra , Guay Benoit , Thuot François
Published: March 2019

Background

Infantile myofibromatosis is the most common benign fibrous tumor in infants. Three different types have been reported in the literature. The most commonly affected areas are the head, the neck and the trunk. Our patient showed a very high level of mandibular destruction resistant to all mandibular sparing treatment strategies requiring segmental mandibulectomy and complex reconstruction.

Case presentation

We describe a rare case of multicentric infantile myofibromatosis with mandibular bone destruction. The treatment required a succession of chemotherapy, a subtotal transoral resection and a hemi-mandibulectomy. The mandibular reconstruction was staged with initial bridging titanium plate with a submental flap, followed later by a fibula free flap.

Conclusion

Mandibular involvement by myofibromatosis is rare, and the extend of bone destruction and reconstruction make this case unique. To our knowledge, this is the only reported case of fibula free flap mandibular reconstruction in a patient with infantile myofibromatosis , as well as one of the youngest reported submental island flaps for any pathology. We describe the clinical presentation and management, including relevant imaging, histopathology, medical and surgical treatment as well as a review of relevant literature.
MYO1C stabilizes actin and facilitates the arrival of transport carriers at the Golgi complex
Authors: Capmany Anahi , Yoshimura Azumi , Kerdous Rachid , Caorsi Valentina , Lescure Aurianne , Del Nery Elaine , Coudrier Evelyne , Goud Bruno , Schauer Kristine
Published: March 2019

In this study, we aimed to identify the myosin motor proteins that control trafficking at the Golgi complex. In addition to the known Golgi-associated myosins MYO6, MYO18A and MYH9 (myosin IIA), we identified MYO1C as a novel player at the Golgi in a human cell line. We demonstrate that depletion of MYO1C induces Golgi complex fragmentation and decompaction. MYO1C accumulates at dynamic structures around the Golgi complex that colocalize with Golgi-associated actin dots. MYO1C depletion leads to loss of cellular F-actin, and Golgi complex decompaction is also observed after inhibition or loss of the actin-related protein 2/3 complex, Arp2/3 (also known as ARPC). We show that the functional consequence of MYO1C depletion is a delay in the arrival of incoming transport carriers, both from the anterograde and retrograde routes. We propose that MYO1C stabilizes actin at the Golgi complex, facilitating the arrival of incoming transport carriers at the Golgi.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
3D based on 2D: Calculating helix angles and stacking patterns using forgi 2.0, an RNA Python library centered on secondary structure elements.
Authors: Thiel Bernhard C. , Beckmann Irene K. , Kerpedjiev Peter , Hofacker Ivo L.
Published: March 2019

We present forgi, a Python library to analyze the tertiary structure of RNA secondary structure elements. Our representation of an RNA molecule is centered on secondary structure elements (stems, bulges and loops). By fitting a cylinder to the helix axis, these elements are carried over into a coarse-grained 3D structure representation. Integration with Biopython allows for handling of all-atom 3D information. forgi can deal with a variety of file formats including dotbracket strings, PDB and MMCIF files. We can handle modified residues, missing residues, cofold and multifold structures as well as nucleotide numbers starting at arbitrary positions. We apply this library to the study of stacking helices in junctions and pseudo knots and investigate how far stacking helices in solved experimental structures can divert from coaxial geometries.
Uniwersyteckie programy kulturoznawstwa na polskich uczelniach – próba oceny
Authors: Kowalska-Stus Hanna
Published: March 2019

UNIVERSITY CURRICULA OF CULTURAL STUDIES AT POLISH UNIVERSITIES – AN ATTEMPT AT ASSESSMENTThe scientific world view which has been shaped since the Enlightenment influences the belief that man is the sole creator of culture whereas the main culture-creating factors are economic conditions and social relations. Therefore, management-economic or sociological approach are dominant ones in contemporary curricula of cultural studies. Christianity and other religions are not treated as ideological foundations shaping culture, but as a manifestation of human activity resulting from primal fear of incomprehensible phenomena which occur in the surrounding world. Hence, religion is understood not as a culture-forming subject, but as an object that is one of many elements of culture, a historical and transient phenomenon.
Kulturoznawstwo jako myśl porządkująca doświadczanie kultury
Authors: Abassy Małgorzata
Published: March 2019

CULTURAL STUDIES AS A CONCEPT ORGANISING THE EXPERIENCE OF CULTURECulture is constantly being created by man and is subject to change as a result of human self-reflection and self-identification. The cultural system does not exist in isolation, but interacts with other systems, which means that in the cultural system itself we may recognise decision-making processes, namely: what to accept, what to reject, how to include (or not include) new elements. Thus, it is necessary to organise our knowledge about the occurring processes and phenomena. The essence of cultural studies is expressed above all in the ordering of these processes and phenomena within the rich and dynamic field of culture.
Medication review services in community pharmacy
Authors: Adsley Rosemary
Published: March 2019

Medication review services are an important part of the advanced services provided by community pharmacists. The aim of these services, medicines use reviews (MURs) and the new medicines service (NMS) are to identify issues patients may encounter with long term medications, support patients with adherence to new medications and to communicate issues to prescribers. By working together to improve awareness and access to these services, it is hoped that health professionals can improve adherence and reduce medication waste.
Intraoperative evaluation of blood flow for soft tissues in orthopaedic surgery using indocyanine green fluorescence angiography
Authors: Doi N. , Izaki T. , Miyake S. , Shibata T. , Ishimatsu T. , Shibata Y. , Yamamoto T.
Published: March 2019

Objectives

Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography is an emerging technique that can provide detailed anatomical information during surgery. The purpose of this study is to determine whether ICG fluorescence angiography can be used to evaluate the blood flow of the rotator cuff tendon in the clinical setting.

Methods

Twenty-six patients were evaluated from October 2016 to December 2017. The participants were categorized into three groups based on their diagnoses: the rotator cuff tear group; normal rotator cuff group; and adhesive capsulitis group. After establishing a posterior standard viewing portal, intravenous administration of ICG at 0.2 mg/kg body weight was performed, and fluorescence images were recorded. The time from injection of the drug to the beginning of enhancement of the observed area was measured. The hypovascular area in the rotator cuff was evaluated, and the ratio of the hypovascular area to the anterolateral area of the rotator cuff tendon was calculated (hypovascular area ratio).

Results

ICG fluorescence angiography allowed for visualization of blood flow in the rotator cuff in all groups. The adhesive capsulitis group showed significantly earlier enhancement than the other groups. Furthermore, the adhesive capsulitis group had a significantly smaller hypovascular area ratio than the other groups.

Conclusion

ICG fluorescence angiography allowed for evaluation of real-time blood flow of the rotator cuff in arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The techniques of ICG fluorescence angiography are simple and easy to observe, observer reliability is high, and it has utility for evaluating blood flow during surgery. Cite this article: N. Doi, T. Izaki, S. Miyake, T. Shibata, T. Ishimatsu, Y. Shibata, T. Yamamoto. Intraoperative evaluation of blood flow for soft tissues in orthopaedic surgery using indocyanine green fluorescence angiography: A pilot study. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:118–125. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.83.BJR-2018-0151.R1.
Characteristic Localization of Neuronatin in Rat Testis, Hair Follicle, Tongue, and Pancreas
Authors: Kanno Naoko , Yoshida Saishu , Kato Takako , Kato Yukio
Published: March 2019

Neuronatin ( Nnat) is expressed in the pituitary, pancreas, and other tissues; however, the function of NNAT is still unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that NNAT is localized in the sex-determining region Y-box 2-positive stem/progenitor cells in the developing rat pituitary primordium and is downregulated during differentiation into mature hormone-producing cells. Moreover, NNAT is widely localized in subcellular organelles, excluding the Golgi. Here, we further evaluated NNAT-positive cells and intracellular localization in embryonic and postnatal rat tissues such as the pancreas, tongue, whisker hair follicle, and testis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that NNAT was localized in undifferentiated cells (i.e., epithelial basal cells and basement cells in the papillae of the tongue and round and elongated spermatids of the testis) as well as in differentiated cells (insulin-positive cells and exocrine cells of the pancreas, taste receptor cells of the fungiform papilla, the inner root sheath of whisker hair follicles, and spermatozoa). In addition, NNAT exhibited novel intracellular localization in acrosomes in the spermatozoa. Because the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is excluded from spermatozoa and sarco/ER Ca2+-ATPase isoform 2 (SERCA2) is absent from the inner root sheath, these findings suggested that NNAT localization in the ER and its interaction with SERCA2 are cell- or tissue-specific properties.