bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Szuburbanizációs folyamatok vizsgálata a Gyöngyösi járás területén
Authors: Szűcs Antónia , Koncz Gábor
Published: July 2019

Az utóbbi évtizedekben, úgy, mint korábban az európai nagyvárosi térségekben, Magyarországon is elindultak a szuburbanizációs folyamatok. Ez elsőként és legnagyobb volumenben a Budapesti agglomerációt érintette, kifejtve számos hatását. A folyamatosnak tekinthető kiköltözések következményeként az elővárosi lakosság növekedett, a központi településen lakók száma csökkent. Ez a folyamat később, a 2000-es évekre egyre inkább felgyorsult, és elterjedt az ország valamennyi nagyvárosi térségében. Tanulmányunk egy kis-középváros, Gyöngyös környezetére koncentrál. A lakóhelyi szuburbanizációhoz köthető jelenségeket a Gyöngyösi járás területén vizsgáltuk meg, feltárva azt, hogy mik voltak a vidéki településekre történő költözési folyamatok mozgatórugói 2001-től napjainkig. Ennek vizsgálatára szuburbanizációs index számítását végeztük el a járást alkotó települések mindegyikére a központi város kivételével. A szuburbanizációban résztvevő lakosság összetételét, motivációs jellemzőit lakossági kérdőívezés eredményei alapján elemeztük.
The recognition of resource use through industrial development from a social perspective
Authors: Horváth Bálint
Published: July 2019

Rural population is vulnerable partly for its lack of self-sufficiency. This recognition considerably varies from the way rural territories functioned more than 200 years ago. The peasant societies were well known about sustaining themselves. A major trigger for the disappearance of this pattern was industrialization. This paper explicitly reviews a social perspective of industrialism and provides a novel point of view regarding its overall recognition. The present study states that there was an incremental effect of relying on machines. People have lost their sense of practical skills. Another hidden pattern of development was to utilize finite resources. The reason behind it might come from the fact that this way allows companies to distribute energy according to their own terms. As a conclusion, the paper argues that centralized (energy and industrial) production systems have increased the dependence of society – especially in case of rural population. Furthermore, it claims that the next stage of industrial revolution could enable people to return to self-sufficiency.
Green Preparation of Hyphaene thebaica Fiber Grafted Acrylic Acid for Adsorption of Pb (II) ions from Aqueous Solution
Authors: SALİSU Ahmed , SALE Muhammad Salga
Published: July 2019

In this study, a green chemistry approached was employed in
the preparation of Hyphaene thebaica
fiber grafted polyacrylic acid via microwave assisted method using potassium
persulfate as chemical initiator. The optimum percentage grafting 92% was
achieved under 5g concentration of acrylic acid, 0.2g concentration of
potassium persulfate (KPS) and 2 minutes reaction time.  The grafted sample was characterized using
the following techniques, FTIR, SEM and XRD. The prepared graft copolymer was
examined for adsorption of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution in batch mode systems.
The adsorption parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration and
contact time were also studied. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models
were applied to simulate the equilibrium adsorption experimental data. The
Langmuir model fitted well with experimental data with maximum adsorption
capacity (qmax) of 20.37 mg/g at 45 minutes. Higher regression
coefficient obtained confirmed the suitability of the Langmuir isotherm model
which assumed monolayer coverage on the adsorbent surface. The adsorption
studies revealed the efficacy of the grafted fiber for removal of Pb (II) ions
from dilute aqueous solutions.
Corruption and Its Effects on Sustainable Economic Performance
Authors: Appiah Michael , Yaw Idan Frowne Derrick , Idan Frowne Anita
Published: July 2019

The study examines corruption and its effects on achieving sustainable economic performance in Africa with a data set from 2002-2017. The Hausman Test for determining the appropriate model selection between Random and Fixed effects was employed with the fixed effects model of estimation chosen to be the appropriate method of estimation indicating that the degree of relationship and significant between corruption and sustainable economic performance in negative. The R² explains that 95% of variations in sustainable economic performance in the estimation of prime independent variables. Aside corruption having a negative and insignificant impact on sustainable economic performance, an increase in human development and labour resulted in a positive and significant relations on sustainable economic performance, with the rest of the explanatory variables having a poor and negative affiliation with sustainable economic performance. The above therefore follows the empirical, conventional and theoretical perspective that corruption declines growth and sustainability both domestically and globally.
Nine Indicators to Assess the Financial Issues of Local Government Administrations in Haiti
Authors: Providence Christophe
Published: July 2019

The measurement of the financial issues of local public administrations has never been addressed in the scientific literature on Haiti, either from the point of view of accountability or the evaluation of local public actions. However, the provision of local public goods and services depends on the financial situation of these local public administrations. In this paper, the financial measurement model will be based on nine indicators, three for financial sustainability, three for financial flexibility and three for financial vulnerability. The results demonstrated not only the difficulties faced by municipalities in the West Department in financing their supply of local goods and services to taxpayers, but also the profound disparities in the evolution of their financial health over the period 2015–2018.
Evaluating the Key Determinants of India’s Energy Security and Overseas Equity Oil Investment
Authors: Halder Dulal , Gupta Anshuman
Published: July 2019

In a span of about two decades, India has become the second fastest growing economy in the world after China. India has surpassed other Asian developing countries not only because of increases in inflows of foreign direct investment but also because of its potential to be a significant outward investor, including in the energy sector. With less than one percent of the world’s oil and gas reserves, more than 80% of its oil requirement is imported. Overseas equity oil investment gradually emerged as a policy instrument of augmenting energy security. In the early 2000s, Indian national oil companies (NOCs) were encouraged by the Government to seek sourcing fossil fuels from abroad. While equity ownership ensures long-term supply security, they are complex and bring in strategic and geo-political considerations. Within India, there are demands for stronger diplomatic support. In this paper, the factors governing outward investment for equity oil are analysed in the context of an energy security framework with four vectors of Accessibility, diversity, reliability, and affordability.
ADIRAMA: PRODUCTION AND USE OF THE SALT ADDITIVE OF MADURA
Authors: Sidik Rahmad Fajar , Efendy Makhfud
Published: July 2019

Salt of Madura is a unique product and dominates in the local and regional markets. It is the result of sweat and sweat from local youth in seeking and living life. The process of using salt additives is an idea that arises because naturally the people of Madura have used it, which is adding trusion in terms of facing the water process that it has. The sea water that experiences the process of adding additives has the highest NaCl, ceramics land 96.02%, LDPE land 95.72% and soil area 93.81%. Whereas those who were not treated had lower NaCl, 93.94% ceramics, LDPE 92.65% and soil 87.78%. And for some treatments for some treatments heavier than others, namely ceramic additives 47.65 Kg, additive LDPE 49.15 Kg, and additive soil 32.50 Kg. While the soil that is not treated is mostly lower in salt, non-additive ceramics 46.75Kg, non-additive LDPE 50.75 Kg and non-additive soil 26.95 Kg.
On the Optimum Layout of a Drainage Gallery in Concrete Gravity Dams On Isotropic Foundation
Authors: Daghestani Tameem , Calamak Melih , Yanmaz Ali Melih
Published: July 2019

This study investigates the optimum location of drainage galleries of concrete gravity dams under usual, unusual, and extreme loading conditions. The uplift and the stress distributions were computed using the gravity method and the beam theory, whereas the leakage rate into the gallery was determined by the finite-element method. The results show that the presence of a drainage gallery can reduce the uplift by over 60 percent compared to a non-drained case. The suitable gallery location shifts toward the upstream if the drain diameter increases and the spacing decreases. This is consistent with previous research. As the gallery is moved toward the downstream, the crack length decreases; however, this increases the uplift. The most effective solution is found to be placing the gallery 10 percent of the base width away from the heel and at the downstream water level or below and adding post-tension cables on the downstream side. This option also yields lower pumping costs by reducing the pump head.
Podcasting and Personal Brands: Mapping a Theoretical Path from Participatory Empowerment to Individual Persona Construction
Authors: Yee Timothy
Published: July 2019

This research paper critically analyses the The Osher Günsberg Podcast to illustrate a theoretical disconnect between dominant Web 2.0 theories and the contemporary practice of using the podcast to construct a networked branded persona. I trace the history of early theorisations of the medium, first regarded by leading scholars as a tool for user empowerment in the ‘participatory turn’ in media studies before examining how it is employed by media personalities to establish transmedia personal brands; a particular phenomenon emerging at the forefront of a renewed interest in podcasting by traditional media stakeholders. I argue that this disconnect reveals a need for scholars who study the podcast to now draw on the emerging field of persona studies, which offers a range of new tools that will be useful in analysing the continued evolution of podcasting under its new market pressures and potentials.
Let Us Now Praise Famous Guitars: Persona and the Material Displays of Popular Music Museums
Authors: Fairchild Charles
Published: July 2019

The study of popular music museums has expanded greatly in the past decade or so. The numerous studies produced so far have largely focused on issues to do with tourism, heritage, and curatorship. Most analysis has attempted to gauge the effectiveness and degree of success of the various methods of constructing and displaying collections of sounds, objects, and ideas. One area that can be of interest in moving beyond these analyses of museum practice is to examine how larger ideologies of artistry and artists that pervade the celebrity personas so assiduously built around famous musicians are an important foundation for these museums’ displays. There are two reasons for the value of this approach. First, it should be clear that most exhibits in popular music museums are built to enhance, not contest already-existing images, historical narratives, and genre-defining attributes that surround well-known musicians. Therefore, it is not possible to understand these institutions without some sense of how they work with musician personas that necessarily precede any presentation in museum exhibitions. Second, we can see this dynamic in extraordinarily concise forms when we examine some of the ‘famous objects’ these museums display. We can often see an entire complex of received ideas about an artist encapsulated in just a few well-known objects they once possessed. From this I will suggest that the personas of famous musicians that appear in most popular music museums do so through varied amalgams of symbolic and material forms meant to stabilise or enhance already-existing ideas about canonically-validated ‘great’ artists.
The correlation between critical thinking and emotional intelligence, conflict management modes in Chinese medical undergraduates: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Yuan , Li Kun , Wei Wenqi , Dong Jianyu , Wang Canfei , Fu Ying , Li Jiaxin , Peng Xin
Published: July 2019

Background

Medical students are supposed to utilize critical thinking (CT) to resolve problems in healthcare settings. And the complex clinical environment requires effective collaboration and communication. Students with higher emotional intelligence (EI) are more sensitive and can cope with the interpersonal communication better. Conflict is also inevitable in the medical workplace. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of CT, EI and conflict management modes (CMM) of the medical undergraduates, explore the correlation between CT and EI, CMM, and provide a theoretical evidence basis for the medical education.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of medical students from Jilin University was conducted using a questionnaire containing three parts: Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version (CTDI-CV), Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) and Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II (ROCI-II). Demographic data relating to gender, grade and specialty were also collected. Data was analysed using T-tests, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.

Results

A total of 282 (95.39% response rate) medical undergraduates participated in this study. Students had a positive level of CT (Mean (SD) =281.12(27.40)). There was a positive correlation between the overall CT skills and the overall EI competencies (P < 0.01). For each dimension of ROCI-II, the total CTDI-CV score was significantly positively associated with integration and compromise scores (p < 0.01), significantly negatively associated with domination and compliance scores (p < 0.01) but not with avoidance score. The integration, perceived mood, compliance, dominance, and self-emotional regulation were good predictors of overall CT (adjusted R2 = 0.355).

Conclusions

Our findings showed medical undergraduates’ CT had significant correlations with EI and CMM. In other words, it was possible that the development of EI and conflict management skills might improve medical students’ CT. Therefore, further study is needed to uncover how educators can effectively foster EI and conflict management abilities to enhance the level of CT.

The trial registration number (TRN)

ChiCTR1800015784

Date of registration

2018/04/20

Keywords

Critical thinking, Emotional intelligence, Conflict management modes, Medical undergraduates
Exploring the carry on benefits of acquired Problem-based learning skills into the clinical phase; Listening to the opinions of the prime beneficiaries after the transition
Authors: Bandy Altaf
Published: July 2019

Background

The benefits of student acquired Problem-based learning (PBL) skills in the preclinical phase might carry-on into the clinical phase and the application of these skills in the understanding of clinical subjects remains uncertain. Current study is aimed at exploring the perceptions of carry-on benefits of problem-based learning skills into the clinical phase.

Methods

Using a pre-validated questionnaire, the benefits of PBL skills in the clinical phase were evaluated by seven questions on a five-point Likert scale. A non- parametric test assessed variation between the groups. p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant for this study.

Results

The overall mean score of the perception of acquired preclinical benefits of PBL in clinical phase was 4.57±2.41; females demonstrating higher mean scores (4.86±2.15) as compared to male students(4.23±2.67). Overall, fifth-year students showed a high satisfaction(4.84±2.36) of the effective use of preclinical PBL skills in clinical courses. 5th-year female student’s perception of preclinical collaborative learning skill benefits in clinical courses was significantly(p<0.03) higher than male.

Conclusions

The study concludes that a substantial preclinical PBL educational strategy benefits are carried into the clinical phase especially the long-lasting self-direct learning, collaborative learning and problem-solving skills consistent with demanding abilities of a competent physician.
Innovation per DiEM: Design in Emergency Medicine, A Longitudinal Medical School Design Curriculum
Authors: Zhang Xiao Chi , Ku Bon , Pugliese Robert , Papanagnou Dimitrios , Tykocinski Mark , Hayden Geoffrey
Published: July 2019

Background

The use of design principles in tackling complex health issues is gaining significant traction. Medical education must evolve to prepare future clinicians on design thinking methods.

Method

Twenty second-year medical students and seven EM faculty mentors from the Sidney Kimmel Medical College were enrolled in eight, 3-hour experiential design didactic sessions in 2017-18. Student teams were matched with EM physician-mentors to apply design thinking methods to specific ED problems. Didactic content included: 1) empathy building; 2) idea generation; 3) prototyping; 4) testing; 5) the user experience; 6) service design; 7) business canvas planning; 8) idea presentation. The curriculum was developed based the Kolb’s cycle, constructivist framework and Stanford d.school design thinking and students were evaluated using the Kirkpatrick Model through self-evaluation, group presentations, and project deliverables.

Results

Quantitative evaluation of the simulated training session was extracted through an 11-item questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale. Overall responses were positive. Both students and faculty reported that participation in the curriculum was a valuable experience and provided deeper insight into applying design in healthcare. Areas of improvement included requests for longitudinal feedback, diverse collaborative efforts, and practical design workshops. The majority of learners recommended this curriculum to future learners.

Conclusion

Innovation per DiEM is a unique design curriculum that focuses on EM challenges with active EM clinician mentorship. Future goals include developing longitudinal evaluation and broadening healthcare challenges beyond the context of the ED.
Virtual training leads to real acute physical, cognitive and neural benefits on healthy adults: study protocol for a randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Burin Dalila , Yamaya Noriki , Ogitsu Rie , Kawashima Ryuta
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: Keeping a certain level of physical activity has beneficial effects on the body itself but also, surprisingly, on cognition: specifically, physical high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise (HIE) can show improvement on cognitive executive functions. Although, in some cases performing strength or aerobic training is problematic or not feasible. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) can induce the illusory feeling of ownership and agency over a moving virtual body, showing therefore comparable physiological reactions: for example, if a subject is sitting on a chair but the own virtual body climbs a hill, the subject’s heart rate increases coherently, as if he’s actually walking.
In this study, we want to investigate whether this same illusion can show beneficial consequences on the body but also on executive functions (using the colour-word matching Stroop task) and on its neural substrates (using the functional near infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS).
METHODS: In a cross-over randomized controlled trial, 30 healthy young adults will experience a HIE training in IVR (i.e., the virtual body will perform eight sets of 30 seconds of running followed by 30 seconds of slow walking, while the subject is completely still) according to two random-ordered conditions: during the experimental condition, the virtual body is displayed in the first-person perspective (1PP), while in the control condition, the virtual body is displayed in third-person perspective (3PP). To confirm that in 1PP (and not in 3PP) subjects have the illusion of ownership and agency over the virtual body, we will record the heart rate, in addition to subjective questionnaires. Before and after every IVR sessions (one week apart), we will measure cortical hemodynamic changes in the participants’ prefrontal cortex (PFC) using the fNIRS device during the Stroop task’s execution.
DISCUSSION: From a theoretical perspective, we could prove that the sense of body ownership and agency can modulate physical and cognitive parameters, even in absence of actual movements; from a clinical perspective, these results could be useful to train cognition and body simultaneously, in a completely safe environment.
Trial registration
University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry, UMIN000019832. Registered on 25st September 2018.
rpoB, a promising marker for analyzing the diversity of bacterial communities by amplicon sequencing
Authors: OGIER Jean-Claude , Pagès Sylvie , Galan Maxime , Barret Matthieu , Gaudriault Sophie
Published: July 2019

Background
Microbiome composition is frequently studied by the amplification and high-throughput sequencing of specific molecular markers (metabarcoding). Various hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene are classically used to estimate bacterial diversity, but other universal bacterial markers with a finer taxonomic resolution could be employed. We compared specificity and sensitivity between a portion of the rpoB gene and the V3V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene.

Results
We first designed universal primers for rpoB suitable for use with Illumina sequencing-based technology and constructed a reference rpoB database of 45,000 sequences. The rpoB and V3V4 markers were amplified and sequenced from (i) a mock community of 19 bacterial strains from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive lineages; (ii) bacterial assemblages associated with entomopathogenic nematodes. In metabarcoding analyses of mock communities with two analytical pipelines (FROGS and DADA2), the estimated diversity captured with the rpoB marker resembled the expected composition of these mock communities more closely than that captured with V3V4. The rpoB marker had a higher level of taxonomic affiliation, a higher sensitivity (detection of all the species present in the mock communities), and a higher specificity (low rates of spurious OTU detection) than V3V4. We applied both primers to infective juveniles of the nematode Steinernema glaseri. Both markers showed the bacterial community associated with this nematode to be of low diversity (< 50 OTUs), but only rpoB reliably detected the symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus poinarii.

Conclusions
Our results confirm that different microbiota composition data may be obtained with different markers. We found that rpoB was a highly appropriate marker for assessing the taxonomic structure of mock communities and the nematode microbiota. Further studies on other ecosystems should be considered to evaluate the universal usefulness of the rpoB marker. Our data highlight two crucial elements that should be taken into account to ensure more reliable and accurate descriptions of microbial diversity in high-throughput amplicon sequencing analyses: i) the need to include mock communities as controls; ii) the advantages of using a multigenic approach including at least one housekeeping gene (rpoB is a good candidate) and one variable region of the 16S rRNA gene.
The Role of Field‐Scale Management on Soil and Surface Runoff C/N/P Stoichiometry
Authors: Smith Douglas R. , Jarvie Helen P. , Harmel R. Daren , Haney Rick L.
Published: July 2019

Agricultural runoff is an important contributor to water quality impairment. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential role of field‐scale management on carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in soils and runoff from agricultural fields. Cultivated and pasture fields at the Riesel watersheds in central Texas were used for this analysis, and nutrients were transformed to evaluate relative to the Redfield ratio (106 C/16 N/1 P). Using the Redfield ratio, all soil samples were P depleted relative to C and N. The majority of stormflow and baseflow runoff samples contained 9 to 19% Redfield N relative to C and P. Shifting from inorganic fertilizer application to poultry litter as a fertilizer source resulted in increased absolute C, N, and P concentrations in stormflow and baseflow runoff. Increasing rates of poultry litter application increased the Redfield P relative to Redfield C, whereas Redfield N remained relatively constant at roughly 9 to 11% in stormflow runoff from cultivated fields. This study shows how land use and management can affect C/N/P stoichiometry in stormflow and baseflow runoff.

Core Ideas

The C/N/P stoichiometry in soil and runoff samples from fields was compared.

Soil samples were P depleted relative to N and C.

Runoff samples were N depleted relative to P and C.

Runoff from pastures had lower C and P concentrations than cultivated fields.

High poultry litter rate increased runoff Redfield P while decreasing Redfield C.
Near‐Surface Soils as a Source of Phosphorus in Snowmelt Runoff from Cropland
Authors: Wilson Henry , Elliott Jane , Macrae Merrin , Glenn Aaron
Published: July 2019

In northern regions, a high proportion of annual runoff and phosphorus (P) export from cropland occurs with snowmelt. In this study, we analyze 57 site‐years of field‐scale snowmelt runoff data from 16 small watersheds draining fine‐textured soils (clay or clay loam) in Manitoba, Canada. These fields were selected across gradients of soil P (2.4 to 26.7 mg kg−1, 0‐ to 15‐cm Olsen P), tillage intensity (high frequency to long‐term no‐till), and fertilizer input. The strongest predictor of flow‐weighted mean concentrations of total dissolved P (TDP) in snowmelt runoff was Olsen P in the top 5 cm of soil (r2= 0.45,p< 0.01). Residual variation in this relationship related positively to volumetric soil moisture and negatively to water yield. Although Olsen P levels were relatively consistent from year to year, suggesting control by long‐term fertilization and tillage history, Olsen P stratification (ratio of 0–5/0–15 cm) increased with rates of fertilizer application. Particulate P (PP) comprised <34% of total P on average, and concentrations were not well predicted by soil or management characteristics. Loads of PP and TDP exported during snowmelt were primarily a function of water yield and size of accumulated snowpack; however, residual variation in the TDP relationship correlated positively with both soil moisture and Olsen P. Retention of runoff water on the landscape could reduce loads, but careful management of near‐surface soil P is required to prevent snowmelt runoff losses of P at the source and to reduce the potential for the eutrophication of downstream aquatic ecosystems.

Core Ideas

Snowmelt dissolved P concentrations increase linearly with surface Olsen P (0–5 cm).

Concentrations of snowmelt dissolved P also increase with soil moisture.

Total P export with snowmelt is primarily controlled by volume of snowmelt.

Olsen P at 0 to 5 cm increases with rate of seed placed fertilizer P application.

Surface soil P (0–5 cm) should be measured routinely to prevent excess accumulation.
Physically Based Model for Extracting Dual‐Permeability Parameters Using Non‐Newtonian Fluids
Authors: Basset Christelle N. , Abou Najm Majdi R. , Ammar Ashtarout , Stewart Ryan D. , Hauswirth Scott C. , Saad Georges
Published: July 2019

Core Ideas

We present a cost‐effective and simple method for dual‐permeability model parameterization.

Physical characterization is done with only experimental results of saturated flow experiments.

Model inputs require only saturated flow results with water and a non‐Newtonian fluid.

Dual‐permeability models simulate flow and transport within soils characterized by preferential (macro) and matrix (micro) pore domains, with each exhibiting distinct hydraulic properties. The lack of suitable methods for determining appropriate and physically based model parameters remains a major challenge to applying these models. Here, we present a method that characterizes dual‐permeability model parameters using experimental results of saturated flows from water and a non‐Newtonian fluid. We present two submodels that solve for the effective pore sizes of micropores and macropores, with macropores represented either with cylindrical (for biological pores) or planar (for shrinkage cracks and fissures) pore geometries. The model also determines the percentage contribution (wi) of the representative macro‐ and micropores to water flow. We applied the model to experimental soil samples complemented with capillary tubes simulating the macropores and showed its ability to derive the bimodal pore size distributions in dual‐domain soils using only two fluids. As such, we present this method of characterization of dual structures for improved modeling of nonuniform preferential flow and transport in macroporous soils.
Metals and Metalloid Removal by Colloidal Humic Acid–Goethite: Column Experiments and Geochemical Modeling
Authors: Montalvo Daniela , Smolders Erik
Published: July 2019

Core Ideas

Humic‐acid‐coated goethite effectively removes cationic metals and As(V) from water.

Among five elements, sorption of As(V), Cu, and Zn is favored with higher selectivity.

In cation–oxyanion binary systems, As(V) enhanced Zn sorption (synergism).

Metals less strongly sorbed are desorbed in mixed contamination due to competition for sorption sites.

Multi‐surface complexation model in PHREEQC described As(V), Cu, Cd, Ni, and Zn BTCs.

Reactive barriers are proposed to scavenge groundwater contaminants such as metals and arsenate. Their remediation capacity is commonly investigated with sorption data disregarding the complexity of the interactions among elements when faced with mixed contamination. This study was set up to measure interactions during reactive transport of the anionic arsenate As(V) and cationic metals and test if that transport can be modeled with geochemical codes. Sand coated with colloidal humic acid–goethite was the adsorbent in line with field work where these colloidal particles have been injected in situ. Equilibrium batch adsorption experiments showed binding preferences in the order: As(V) ∼ Cu >> Zn > Cd > Ni. Column experiments with single and binary mixtures showed an important synergistic effect of As(V) on Zn sorption but the reverse interaction was not found; this interaction is not included in the PHREEQC geochemical code. The breakthrough curves (BTCs) of mixtures of As(V), Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn showed that Cd and Ni concentrations in the effluent exceeded those of the influent, an overshooting effect attributed to competition among divalent cations. Simulations with the PHREEQC geochemical code using a surface complexation model for sorption reactions on goethite and humic acids coupled to the transport module successfully predicted the most essential trends of the BTCs, illustrating the potential of these codes to estimate the longevity of the reactive barriers used to remediate mixtures of contaminants. The novel aspect of this work is that a correct reactive transport model in PHREEQC was obtained by only adjusting the number of reactive surface sites of the adsorbent from fitting batch sorption distribution coefficient (Kd) values.
Precipitates of α-cristobalite and silicate glass in UHP clinopyroxene from a Bohemian Massif eclogite
Authors: Hill Tina R. , Konishi Hiromi , Hobbs Franklin , Lee Seungyeol , Xu Huifang
Published: July 2019

Low-pressure metastable nanoscale crystals of α-cristobalite have been observed epitaxially ex-solved in cores of UHP clinopyroxene from the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic. SAED patterns and HRTEM images detail the close structural relationship between host clinopyroxene and α-cristobalite precipitate: [001]Di||[010]α, (010)Di ~||(101)α. TEM results indicate that α-cristobalite exsolved from host clinopyroxene. Non-crystalline Al-bearing silicate phases, also exsolved from UHP clinopyroxene, possesses Al/Si ratios close to eutectic compositions in the system NaAlSi3O8-SiO2-H2O system. The presence of glass exsolution suggests a high-temperature formation environment and presence of water. The α-cristobalite formed in a localized low-pressure, micro-environment formed through exsolution of vacancies and excess silica from the host pyroxene lattice. This micro-environment may be a result of negative density changes due to excess lower density silica exsolving from higher density pyroxene during an exsolution process that involved no localized volume change. Interface-controlled exsolution via lattice matching at the diopside/cristobalite interface, and stability changes and melting point depression due to nanoscale size effects contributed to the formation and persistence of this metastable phase. Amphibole in association with α-cristobalite and some non-crystalline silicate phases may be a clue to localized water quantities; silica exsolution with amphibole may have formed below the eutectic temperature and at a later stage than non-crystalline silicate phases without amphibole. Silica rods in Nové Dvory clinopyroxenes were previously thought to be quartz; however, our investigation reveals various low-pressure, high-temperature, and/or metastable phases greatly affected by the presence of vacancy and OH in clinopyroxenes. The results will help us better understand OH in the UHP pyroxene and even water release in the mantle.
High-pressure Raman and Nd3+ luminescence spectroscopy of bastnäsite-(REE)CO3F
Authors: Vennari Cara E. , Williams Quentin
Published: July 2019

Bastnäsite-(Ce), a rare earth element (REE) bearing carbonate (Ce,La,Y,Nd,Pr)CO3F, is one of the most common REE-bearing minerals and has importance from both economic and geologic perspectives due to its large REE concentration. It also provides an example of the structural interplay between carbonate groups and fluorine ions, as well as the complex bonding properties of rare earth elements. We report Raman vibrational and Nd3+ luminescence (4F3/2→4I9/2, 4F3/2→4I11/2, and 4F5/2+2H9/2→4I9/2) spectra of natural bastnäsite-(Ce) to 50 GPa at 300 K. Two phase transitions are observed under compression. Bastnäsite-I remains the stable phase up to 25 GPa, where it undergoes a subtle phase transition to bastnäsite-II. This is likely produced by a change in symmetry of the carbonate ion. Bastnäsite-II transforms to bastnäsite-III at ~38 GPa, as demonstrated by changes in the luminescence spectra. This second transition is particularly evident within the 4F3/2→4I9/2 luminescent transitions, and it appears that a new rare earth element site is generated at this phase change. This transition is also accompanied by modest changes in both the Raman spectra and two sets of luminescent transitions. Despite these transformations, the carbonate unit remains a stable, threefold-coordinated unit throughout this pressure range, with a possible increase in its distortion. Correspondingly, the rare-earth element site(s) appears to persist in quasi-ninefold coordination as well, implying that the general bonding configuration in bastnäsite is at least metastable over a ~30% compression range. All pressure-induced transitions are reversible, with some hysteresis, reverting to its ambient pressure phase on decompression.
Many-body localization in presence of cavity mediated long-range interactions
Authors: Sierant Piotr , Biedroń Krzysztof , Morigi Giovanna , Zakrzewski Jakub
Published: July 2019

We show that a one-dimensional Hubbard model with all-to-all coupling
may exhibit many-body localization in the presence of local disorder. We
numerically identify the parameter space where many-body localization
occurs using exact diagonalization and finite-size scaling. The time
evolution from a random initial state exhibits features consistent with
the localization picture. The dynamics can be observed with quantum
gases in optical cavities, localization can be revealed through the
time-dependent dynamics of the light emitted by the resonator.
AVALIAÇÃO DE CARDÁPIOS DE UMA ESCOLA DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Boito Tainara , Hartmann Valeria , Kümpel Daiana Argenta , De Carli Graziela
Published: July 2019

Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar a adequação do cardápio de uma escola municipal de educação infantil do município de Ibiraiaras – RS, com as preconizações do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar. Realizou-se um estudo transversal em uma escola de educação infantil, através da avaliação do cardápio oferecido aos pré-escolares de acordo com as recomendações do PNAE e do método de Avaliação Qualitativa das Preparações do Cardápio (AQPC), e também foi verificada a aceitabilidade utilizando a escala hedônica facial. Observou-se que os cardápios oferecidos aos escolares apresentavam-se insuficientes na oferta da maioria dos nutrientes abordados pelo PNAE. De acordo com o método AQPC, pode-se perceber a oferta diária de frutas e folhosos aos alunos e uma baixa ocorrência de carne gordurosa e alimentos ricos em enxofre nas refeições. O teste de aceitabilidade foi realizado com 61 escolares, dos quais prevaleceu o sexo feminino (57%), na qual obteve-se boa aceitação pelos alunos com relação a alimentação oferecida, com média de 87% de aceitabilidade. Vale ressaltar que a alimentação oferecida na escola pode exercer influência positiva no rendimento escolar, uma vez que aumenta a capacidade de concentração dos alunos. Apesar de ter uma boa aceitabilidade, os cardápios oferecidos aos escolares devem ser revistos para adequação da oferta de macro e micronutrientes de acordo com as recomendações do PNAE, para que ofereçam os nutrientes necessários para o crescimento e desenvolvimento adequados das crianças.
NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA, QUALIDADE DE VIDA E PARTICIPAÇÃO DE BRASILEIROS E PORTUGUESES COM DEFICIÊNCIA FÍSICA
Authors: Da Silva Fernanda Carolina Toledo , Braccialli Lígia Maria Presumido , Ferreira José Pedro
Published: July 2019

A aptidão física e o estado de saúde estão relacionados à prática regular de atividade física que proporciona melhores níveis de resistência cardiorrespiratória, força muscular, entre outros benefícios, aos indivíduos fisicamente ativos. A atividade física adaptada pode auxiliar na prevenção de contraturas ou deformidades. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o nível de participação, de atividade física e de qualidade de vida de brasileiros e portugueses com deficiência física. Participaram deste estudo, 53 brasileiros e 67 portugueses com deficiência física com idade entre 19 e 59 anos, do gênero masculino e feminino, com deficiência física, sendo a média de 38,45 (±12,39) anos para os brasileiros e 38,01 (±11,69) anos para os portugueses. Foram utilizados três questionários: PASIPD, WHOQOL-abreviado e Escala de Participação. Com relação ao nível de atividade física, os brasileiros atingiram a pontuação média de 23,54 e os portugueses 19,07 MET hr/d. Quanto ao nível de qualidade de vida, os portugueses obtiveram melhores pontuações que os brasileiros em todos os domínios do questionário. Na escala de participação, a média dos brasileiros foi 16,29 e dos portugueses 19,40 pontos, sendo que ambos se encontram na segunda classe: restrição leve na participação. Com o presente estudo foi identificado que o nível de atividade física e o nível de participação dos brasileiros foram melhores que dos portugueses. No entanto, não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante. Nos domínios da qualidade de vida, os brasileiros pontuaram menos que os portugueses, e houve diferença estatística significante nos domínios ambiental e físico, indicando que os portugueses percebem melhor sua qualidade de vida ambiental e física que os brasileiros.
Investigation of the Incidence of Coital Incontinence in Incontinent Women
Authors: Demir Omer , Comba Cihan
Published: July 2019

Objective: Coital incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine during sexual intercourse and is rarely reported in women with urinary incontinence. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of coital incontinence and its association with incontinence types.Study Design: All sexually active women with urinary incontinence (diagnosed as self-reported) attending the out-patient gynecology clinic of a regional state hospital were interviewed consecutively between September 2017 and September 2018 about their experience with regards to coital incontinence. The clinical evaluation consisted of medical history, physical examination, and urine analysis. The SPSS 20 program designed for Windows was used for statistical analysis. Results: Twenty-two of the 64 women who participated in the study were diagnosed with coital incontinence and the remaining 42 women were to be compared. 42 women were included in the control group, and 22 women were defined as the study group. The women with coital incontinence had significantly higher stress test positivity than the control group (p = 0.00). No significant differences in the frequency of coital incontinence between incontinence types were found. The chi-square test was applied, and the p-value was >0.05 (p=0.110). So there was no statistically significant relationship between the type of incontinence and the frequency of coital incontinence.Conclusion: Coital incontinence is much more prevalent than expected and therefore patients with symptomatic urinary incontinence should be investigated for the presence of coital incontinence, as this may affect patient approach and treatment.
Discovery and Development of Non-Dopaminergic Agents for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: Overview of the Preclinical and Early Clinical Studies
Authors: Jankowska Agnieszka , Satała Grzegorz , Partyka Anna , Wesołowska Anna , Bojarski Andrzej J. , Pawłowski Maciej , Chłoń-Rzepa Grażyna
Published: July 2019

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder that affects about 1 in 100 people around the world and results in persistent emotional and cognitive impairments. Untreated schizophrenia leads to deterioration in quality of life and premature death. Although the clinical efficacy of dopamine D2 receptor antagonists against positive symptoms of schizophrenia supports the dopamine hypothesis of the disease, the resistance of negative and cognitive symptoms to these drugs implicates other systems in its pathophysiology. Many studies suggest that abnormalities in glutamate homeostasis may contribute to all three groups of schizophrenia symptoms. Scientific considerations also include disorders of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic and serotonergic neurotransmissions as well as the role of the immune system. The purpose of this review is to update the most recent reports on the discovery and development of non-dopaminergic agents that may reduce positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, and may be alternative to currently used antipsychotics. This review collects the chemical structures of representative compounds targeting metabotropic glutamate receptor, gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor, alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, glycine transporter type 1 and glycogen synthase kinase 3 as well as results of in vitro and in vivo studies indicating their efficacy in schizophrenia. Results of clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of the tested compounds have also been presented. Finally, attention has been paid to multifunctional ligands with serotonin receptor affinity or phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity as novel strategies in the search for dedicated medicines for patients with schizophrenia.
Immune-Based Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights from Pre-Clinical Studies
Authors: Machado Caroline Amaral , Silva Ana Cristina Simões e , de Miranda Amanda Silva , Cordeiro Thiago Macedo e , Ferreira Rodrigo Novaes , de Souza Leonardo Cruz , Teixeira Antônio Lúcio , de Miranda Aline Silva
Published: July 2019

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major public health problem. It is the leading cause of
death and disability, especially among children and young adults. The neurobiology basis underlying
TBI pathophysiology remains to be fully revealed. Over the past years, emerging evidence has
supported the hypothesis that TBI is an inflammatory based condition, paving the way for the development
of potential therapeutic targets. There is no treatment capable to prevent or minimize TBIassociated
outcomes. Therefore, the search for effective therapies is a priority goal. In this context,
animal models have become valuable tools to study molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in
TBI pathogenesis as well as novel treatments. Herein, we discuss therapeutic strategies to treat TBI
focused on immunomodulatory and/or anti-inflammatory approaches in the pre-clinical setting.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activities of 4-Phenylpiperidin- 2-one Derivatives
Authors: Wang Shi-Ben , Liu Hui , Li Guang-Yong , Lei Kang , Li Xiao-Jing , Quan Zhe-Shan , Wang Xue-Kun
Published: July 2019

Background:

Although Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) acting on various targets have been
applied in the clinic, the efficacy and tolerance of AEDs in the treatment of epilepsy have not
significantly improved. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop some novel chemical moieties
with a better safety profile and greater efficacy. We designed and synthesized twenty-seven 4-
phenylpiperidin-2-one derivatives. This study aimed to investigate the potential use of a series of 4-
phenylpiperidin-2-one derivatives as anticonvulsant drugs.

Methods:

Two experimental methods, Maximal Electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous
pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ), were used to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the target
compounds. Moreover, neurotoxicity (NT) was tested using the rotarod test.

Results:

Compound 7-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridin-5-(4H)-one (11;
MES, ED50 = 23.7 mg/kg, PI > 33.7; PTZ, ED50 = 78.1 mg/kg, PI > 10.0) showed the best
anticonvulsant activity. The results of in vivo γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) estimation showed that
compound 11 may have an effect on the GABA system. Compound 11 showed significant
interactions with residues at the benzodiazepine (BZD)-binding site on GABAA receptors. Most
target compounds have favorable blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and oral bioavailability in
predictions using silico molecular properties.

Conclusion:

According to the in vivo and in silico studies, compound 11 stand out as potential
anticonvulsant agents for further studies.
Benzofuran: A Key Heterocycle - Ring Closure And Beyond
Authors: Lavanya Andiappan , Narasimhan Kilambi , Padmini Vediappen
Published: July 2019

:

The benzofuranyl motif present in compounds exhibits various medicinal properties and
non-drug applications. These derivatives are naturally occurring compounds or synthetic materials,
which cover a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-
depressant, anti-HIV, anti-microbial, anti-proliferative, anti-convulsant, cytotoxic, analgesic, etc.
Few of the commercially interesting compounds from this class are, ailanthoidol (anti-inflammatory),
amiodarone, dronedarone, celivarone (anti-arrhythmic), bufuralol (muscular airways relaxant), morphine,
5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran; 5-APB, 6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran; 6-APB (CNS), rifampicin
(antibiotic), etc., whereas, some of the non-drug applications are in perfumery industry (bergapten)
and as tannin activators in sunscreen preparations (psoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, and angelicin).
Considering these interesting biological activities and commercial utilities, a review on the synthetic
aspects of this privileged scaffold was attempted. For the benefit of natural product-based drug discovery,
available sources of these derivatives, extraction process and reported biological activities
have also been outlined in this review.