bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delay in Arctic Sea Ice Freeze-Up Linked to Early Summer Sea Ice Loss: Evidence from Satellite Observations
Authors: Zheng Lei , Cheng Xiao , Chen Zhuoqi , Liang Qi
Published: June 2021

The past decades have witnessed a rapid loss of the Arctic sea ice and a significant lengthening of the melt season. The years with the lowest summertime sea ice minimum were found to be accompanied by the latest freeze-up onset on record. Here, a synthetic approach is taken to examine the connections between sea ice melt timing and summer sea ice evolution from the remote sensing perspective. A 40-year (1979–2018) satellite-based time-series analysis shows that the date of autumn sea ice freeze-up is significantly correlated with the sea ice extent in early summer (r = −0.90, p < 0.01), while the spring melt onset is not a promising predictor of summer sea ice evolution. The delay in Arctic sea ice freeze-up (0.61 days year−1) in the Arctic was accompanied by a decline in surface albedo (absolute change of −0.13% year−1), an increase in net short-wave radiation (0.21 W m−2 year−1), and an increase in skin temperature (0.08 °C year−1) in summer. Sea ice loss would be the key reason for the delay in autumn freeze-up, especially in the Laptev, East-Siberian, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, where sea ice has significantly declined throughout the summer, and strong correlations were found between the freeze-up onset and the solar radiation budget since early summer. This study highlights a connection between the summer sea ice melting and the autumn refreezing process through the ice-albedo feedback based on multisource satellite-based observations.
Design and Characterization of Backside Termination Structures for Thick Fully-Depleted MAPS
Authors: Corradino Thomas , Dalla Betta Gian-Franco , De Cilladi Lorenzo , Neubüser Coralie , Pancheri Lucio
Published: June 2021

Fully Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (FD-MAPS) represent an appealing alternative to hybrid detectors for radiation imaging applications. We have recently demonstrated the feasibility of FD-MAPS based on a commercial 110 nm CMOS technology, adapted using high-resistivity substrates and backside post-processing. A p/n junction diode, fabricated on the detector backside using low-temperature processing steps after the completion of the front-side Back End of Line (BEOL), is reverse-biased to achieve the full depletion of the substrate and thus fast charge collection by drift. Test diodes including termination structures with different numbers of floating guard rings and different pitches were fabricated together with other Process Control Monitor structures. In this paper, we present the design of the backside diodes, together with results from the electrical characterization of the test devices, aiming to improve understanding of the strengths and limitations of the proposed approach. Characterization results obtained on several wafers demonstrate the effectiveness of the termination rings in increasing the breakdown voltage of the backside diodes and in coping with the variability of the passivation layer characteristics. A breakdown voltage exceeding 400 V in the worst case was demonstrated in devices with 30 guard rings with 6 μm pitch, thus enabling the full depletion of high-resistivity substrates with a thickness larger than or equal to 300 μm. Additionally, we show the first direct comparison for this technology of measured pixel characteristics with 3D TCAD simulations, proving a good agreement in the extracted operating voltages.
Recent Research for Unobtrusive Atrial Fibrillation Detection Methods Based on Cardiac Dynamics Signals: A Survey
Authors: Jiang Fangfang , Zhou Yihan , Ling Tianyi , Zhang Yanbing , Zhu Ziyu
Published: June 2021

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. It tends to cause multiple cardiac conditions, such as cerebral artery blockage, stroke, and heart failure. The morbidity and mortality of AF have been progressively increasing over the past few decades, which has raised widespread concern about unobtrusive AF detection in routine life. The up-to-date non-invasive AF detection methods include electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and cardiac dynamics signals, such as the ballistocardiogram (BCG) signal, the seismocardiogram (SCG) signal and the photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal. Cardiac dynamics signals can be collected by cushions, mattresses, fabrics, or even cameras, which is more suitable for long-term monitoring. Therefore, methods for AF detection by cardiac dynamics signals bring about extensive attention for recent research. This paper reviews the current unobtrusive AF detection methods based on the three cardiac dynamics signals, summarized as data acquisition and preprocessing, feature extraction and selection, classification and diagnosis. In addition, the drawbacks and limitations of the existing methods are analyzed, and the challenges in future work are discussed.
Observer-Based Time-Variant Spacing Policy for a Platoon of Non-Holonomic Mobile Robots
Authors: Velasco-Villa Martín , Cruz-Morales Raúl Dalí , Rodriguez-Angeles Alejandro , Domínguez-Ortega Carlos A.
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a navigation strategy for a platoon of n non-holonomic mobile robots with a time-varying spacing policy between each pair of successive robots at the platoon, such that a safe trailing distance is maintained at any speed, avoiding the robots getting too close to each other. It is intended that all the vehicles in the formation follow the trajectory described by the leader robot, which is generated by bounded input velocities. To establish a chain formation among the vehicles, it is required that, for each pair of successive vehicles, the (i+1)-th one follows the trajectory executed by the former i-th one, with a delay of τ(t) units of time. An observer is proposed to estimate the trajectory, velocities, and positions of the i-th vehicle, delayed τ(t) units of time, consequently generating the desired path for the (i+1)-th vehicle, avoiding numerical approximations of the velocities, rendering robustness against noise and corrupted or missing data as well as to external disturbances. Besides the time-varying gap, a constant-time gap is used to get a secure trailing distance between each two successive robots. The presented platoon formation strategy is analyzed and proven by using Lyapunov theory, concluding asymptotic convergence for the posture tracking between the (i+1)-th robot and the virtual reference provided by the observer that corresponds to the i-th robot. The strategy is evaluated by numerical simulations and real-time experiments.
Evaluation of Child–Computer Interaction Using Fitts’ Law: A Comparison between a Standard Computer Mouse and a Head Mouse
Authors: Sanchez Cristina , Costa Vanina , Garcia-Carmona Rodrigo , Urendes Eloy , Tejedor Javier , Raya Rafael
Published: June 2021

This study evaluates and compares the suitability for child–computer interaction (CCI, the branch within human–computer interaction focused on interactive computer systems for children) of two devices: a standard computer mouse and the ENLAZA interface, a head mouse that measures the user’s head posture using an inertial sensor. A multidirectional pointing task was used to assess the motor performance and the users’ ability to learn such a task. The evaluation was based on the interpretation of the metrics derived from Fitts’ law. Ten children aged between 6 and 8 participated in this study. Participants performed a series of pre- and post-training tests for both input devices. After the experiments, data were analyzed and statistically compared. The results show that Fitts’ law can be used to detect changes in the learning process and assess the level of psychomotor development (by comparing the performance of adults and children). In addition, meaningful differences between the fine motor control (hand) and the gross motor control (head) were found by comparing the results of the interaction using the two devices. These findings suggest that Fitts’ law metrics offer a reliable and objective way of measuring the progress of physical training or therapy.
Influential Factors of Network Changes: Dynamic Network Ties and Sustainable Startup Embeddedness
Authors: Keidel Julia , Bican Peter M. , Riar Frederik J.
Published: June 2021

This research investigated influential factors on changes in networks of startups through a qualitative exploratory case study approach. Based on interviews with founders in Germany and selected stakeholders in entrepreneurial networks combined with a network mapping approach, we developed a framework of influential factors on network changes. In essence, this framework categorizes factors into sustainable resource acquisition, knowledge and skill acquisition, interpersonal factors, and interorganizational factors. Overall, our research contributes to a better understanding of factors that impact network changes by providing a construct with potential for theoretical standardization. In addition, this research offers important managerial implications.
Environmental Impact of Mobility in Higher-Education Institutions: The Case of the Ecological Footprint at the University of A Coruña (Spain)
Authors: Perez-Lopez Jose-Benito , Orro Alfonso , Novales Margarita
Published: June 2021

Ecological footprint (EF) determines the area of ecologically productive territory necessary to produce the resources utilised and to assimilate the waste produced by a given population over a year. Knowing your own EF is the first step in planning and implementing policies to reduce it. Considering that transport is a significant component of the impact of human activity on the environment, this study calculates the EF of the CO2 emissions associated with person mobility (EFM) at the University of A Coruña (UDC). The results presented are based on statistical inference from surveys conducted in 2008, 2016, and 2020. The period 2008–2016 coincides with the effects of the economic crisis, and 2020 with those of the COVID-19 pandemic. The EFM of UDC in 2016 was 2177 global hectares (gha), 148 times its biocapacity. Ninety-two percent of it was generated by car trips. Policies to reduce the environmental impact of mobility should focus on reducing car use. This study analyzes various factors of variability. The EFM per capita of the commutes from the place of residence to the UDC campuses grew between 2008 and 2020 by 17%. The results obtained are compared with those of other nearby universities and around the world.
Influence of Fiscal Policies and Labor Market Characteristics on Sustainable Social Insurance Budgets—Empirical Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Popa Adriana Florina , Jimon Stefania Amalia , David Delia , Sahlian Daniela Nicoleta
Published: June 2021

Social protection systems are a key factor for ensuring the long-term sustainability and stability of economies in the European Union, their reform being nowadays present in the political agenda of member states. Aging and the dependence on mandatory levies applied to the employed population on the labor market represent a threat for the sustainability of public social protection systems. In terms of sustainability, our purpose was to highlight the factors influencing social insurance budgets, considering the fiscal policies implemented in six countries of Central and Eastern Europe and their particular labor market characteristics. Therefore, a panel study based on a regression model using the Ordinary Least Squares method (OLS) with cross section random effects was used to determine the correlations between funding sources and labor market specific indicators. The data analyzed led to relevant results that emphasize the dependence of social insurance budgets on positive factors such as the average level of salaries, the share of compulsory social contributions, the unemployment rate, and the human development index, suggesting the continuing need for professional and personal development of the workforce.
An Improved Residential Electricity Load Forecasting Using a Machine-Learning-Based Feature Selection Approach and a Proposed Integration Strategy
Authors: Yousaf Adnan , Asif Rao Muhammad , Shakir Mustafa , Rehman Ateeq Ur , S. Adrees Mohmmed
Published: June 2021

Load forecasting (LF) has become the main concern in decentralized power generation systems with the smart grid revolution in the 21st century. As an intriguing research topic, it facilitates generation systems by providing essential information for load scheduling, demand-side integration, and energy market pricing and reducing cost. An intelligent LF model of residential loads using a novel machine learning (ML)-based approach, achieved by assembling an integration strategy model in a smart grid context, is proposed. The proposed model improves the LF by optimizing the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The time-series-based autoregression schemes were carried out to collect historical data and set the objective functions of the proposed model. An algorithm consisting of seven different autoregression models was also developed and validated through a feedforward adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model, based on the ML approach. Moreover, a binary genetic algorithm (BGA) was deployed for the best feature selection, and the best fitness score of the features was obtained with principal component analysis (PCA). A unique decision integration strategy is presented that led to a remarkably improved transformation in reducing MAPE. The model was tested using a one-year Pakistan Residential Electricity Consumption (PRECON) dataset, and the attained results verify that the proposed model obtained the best feature selection and achieved very promising values of MAPE of 1.70%, 1.77%, 1.80%, and 1.67% for summer, fall, winter, and spring seasons, respectively. The overall improvement percentage is 17%, which represents a substantial increase for small-scale decentralized generation units.
The Environmental Concerns of Food Ecopreneurs
Authors: Rosenlund Joacim
Published: June 2021

This short communication highlights ecopreneurship as a distinct form of entrepreneurship. Excerpts from interviews with ecopreneurs were analyzed using the literature of ecopreneurship and passion. Ecopreneurs want to solve environmental issues that are large scale and often impossible to solve. The passion for the environment helps them through the everyday entrepreneurial struggles and keeps them on their existential odysseys. This empirical research shows a way forward for studies of entrepreneurship-based environmental concerns.
A Critical Review of IEC 61850 Testing Tools
Authors: Ustun Taha Selim
Published: June 2021

Smartgrid technologies necessitate the use of information technologies (IT) and communication in power system networks. There are different ways of integrating power system equipment in the communication layer for successful information exchange. IEC 61850 offers standard support object-oriented modeling and standardized parameter declaration. This lends itself to the diverse nature of power systems and supports plug-and-play (PnP) operation in smartgrids. Considering the amount of time that is invested in customizing non-PnP communication networks, this is a huge advantage and the main reason behind the popularity of IEC 61850. In line with this popularity, the body of research regarding this standard is constantly growing. In order to test the developed IEC 61850 models and messages, various tools are required. Researchers operate with a limited budget and have to know the abilities and limitations of such tools before making a procurement decision. This paper provides a critical review of IEC 61850 testing tools available in the market. It compares them in terms of their abilities, technical superiority and customer experience, including delivery time and customer support. Researchers in this field will benefit significantly from this work when making procurement decisions based on their needs.
Linking Loyalty Card Data to Public Transport Data to Explore Mobility and Social Exclusion in the Older Population
Authors: Carney Ffion
Published: June 2021

Inequalities in the provision of public transport and the accessibility of both public transport services and key facilities can impact wellbeing and increase social exclusion. This study explores the relationship between the provision of public transport services, mobility and social exclusion by utilising loyalty card transaction data to estimate the activity spaces of the older population in the West Midlands (England) metropolitan area. Bus time table data were used to calculate bus service provision and travel times to retail areas. Regression analyses were then used to quantify the impacts that the provision and efficiency of public transport services have on the area of older cardholders’ activity spaces. The provision of public transport services was found to have a significant impact on the size of these activity spaces, along with several sociodemographic variables, including age, deprivation and health. The results suggested that access to reliable public transport increased the mobility levels of the older population and allowed for a wider range of retail opportunities to be accessed. Inequalities in the provision of public transport could therefore exacerbate the wider social issues that affect some of the most vulnerable groups of the population.
Homeomorphic Arrangements of Smooth Manifolds
Authors: Liberman Eran , Teicher Mina
Published: June 2021

Symmetry between mathematical constructions is a very desired phenomena in mathematics in general, and in algebraic geometry in particular. For line arrangements, symmetry between topological characterizations and the combinatorics of the arrangement has often been studied, and the first counterexample where symmetry breaks is in dimension 13. In the first part of this paper, we shall prove that two arrangements of smooth compact manifolds of any dimension that are connected through smooth functions are homeomorphic. In the second part, we prove this in the affine case in dimension 4.
Temperature and Aging Affect Glyphosate Toxicity and Fatty Acid Composition in Allonychiurus kimi (Lee) (Collembola)
Authors: Wee June , Lee Yun-Sik , Kim Yongeun , Son Jino , Cho Kijong
Published: June 2021

Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide, but enormous use of glyphosate has raised concerned about its environmental loadings. Although glyphosate is considered non-toxic, toxicity data for soil non-target organisms according to temperature and aging are scarce. This study examined the toxicity of glyphosate with the temperature (20 °C and 25 °C) and aging times (0 day and 7 days) in soil using a collembolan species, Allonychiurus kimi (Lee). The degradation of glyphosate was investigated. Fatty acid composition of A. kimi was also investigated. The half-life of glyphosate was 2.38 days at 20 °C and 1.69 days at 25 °C. At 20 °C with 0 day of aging, the EC50 was estimated to be 93.5 mg kg−1. However, as the temperature and aging time increased, the glyphosate degradation increased, so no significant toxicity was observed on juvenile production. The proportions of the arachidonic acid and stearic acid decreased and increased with the glyphosate treatment, respectively, even at 37.1 mg kg−1, at which no significant effects on juvenile production were observed. Our results showed that the changes in the glyphosate toxicity with temperature and aging time were mostly dependent on the soil residual concentration. Furthermore, the changes in the fatty acid compositions suggest that glyphosate could have a chronic effect on soil organisms.
Genomic Analysis of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Viruses Recently Isolated in South Korea Reveals Multiple Introductions of GI-19 Lineage (QX Genotype)
Authors: Lee Hyuk-Chae , Jeong Sol , Cho Andrew Y. , Kim Kyu-Jik , Kim Jun-Young , Park Dam-Hee , Kim Hyun-Jin , Kwon Jung-Hoon , Song Chang-Seon
Published: June 2021

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was first identified in the 1930s and it imposes a major economic burden on the poultry industry. In particular, GI-19 lineage has spread globally and has evolved constantly since it was first detected in China. In this study, we analyzed S1 gene sequences from 60 IBVs isolated in South Korea. Two IBV lineages, GI-15 and GI-19, were identified in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that there were six distinct subgroups (KM91-like, K40/09-like, and QX-like I to IV) of the South Korean GI-19 IBVs. Among them, QX-type III and IV subgroups, which are phylogenetically different from those reported in South Korea in the past, accounted for more than half of the total. Moreover, the phylogeographic analysis of the QX-like subgroups indicated at least four distinct introductions of GI-19 IBVs into South Korea during 2001–2020. The efficacy of commercialized vaccines against the recently introduced QX-like subgroups should be verified, and continuous international surveillance efforts and quarantine procedures should be enhanced to prevent the incursion of viruses.
Effectiveness of the SA 14-14-2 Live-Attenuated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine in Myanmar
Authors: Ngwe Tun Mya Myat , Kyaw Aung Kyaw , Nwe Khine Mya , Inoue Shingo , Thant Kyaw Zin , Morita Kouichi
Published: June 2021

Myanmar is an endemic country for the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and the SA-14-14-2 live-attenuated JEV vaccine was first introduced as a catch-up vaccination campaign in 2017. To determine the effectiveness of vaccination by means of neutralizing antibody titers against JEV, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among five to 15-year-old monastic school children in Mandalay, Myanmar. A total of 198 students who had received vaccines were recruited, and single-time investigation of anti-JEV IgG and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type JEV were determined using anti-JEV IgG ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT50). All students 100% (198/198) showed positive results on the anti-JEV IgG ELISA, and 87% (172/198) of the students had neutralizing antibodies against JEV six months after immunization. The geometric mean titers of both IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies increased with the participants’ age groups, and statistically significant differences in anti-JEV IgG titers were noted across age groups. In this study, we could not investigate the persistence of neutralizing antibodies as only single-time blood collection was done. This study, which is the first report of JEV vaccination among children in Myanmar, showed similar neutralizing antibody production rates among vaccinated individuals as did studies in other countries.
Satellite DEM Improvement Using Multispectral Imagery and an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Kim Dong Eon , Liu Jiandong , Liong Shie-Yui , Gourbesville Philippe , Strunz Günter
Published: June 2021

The digital elevation model (DEM) is crucial for various applications, such as land management and flood planning, as it reflects the actual topographic characteristic on the Earth’s surface. However, it is quite a challenge to acquire the high-quality DEM, as it is very time-consuming, costly, and often confidential. This paper explores a DEM improvement scheme using an artificial neural network (ANN) that could improve the German Aerospace’s TanDEM-X (12 m resolution). The ANN was first trained in Nice, France, with a high spatial resolution surveyed DEM (1 m) and then applied on a faraway city, Singapore, for validation. In the ANN training, Sentinel-2 and TanDEM-X data of the Nice area were used as the input data, while the ground truth observation data of Nice were used as the target data. The applicability of iTanDEM-X was finally conducted at a different site in Singapore. The trained iTanDEM-X shows a significant reduction in the root mean square error of 43.6% in Singapore. It was also found that the improvement for different land covers (e.g., vegetation and built-up areas) ranges from 20 to 65%. The paper also demonstrated the application of the trained ANN on Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, where the ground truth data are not available; for cases such as this, a visual comparison with Google satellite imagery was then utilized. The DEM from iTanDEM-X with 10 m resolution categorically shows much clearer land shapes (particularly the roads and buildings).
Express-Method for Determination of the Oxidizing Capacity of Activated Sludge and Its Biofilms in Pulp and Paper Mill
Authors: Chukhchin Dmitry , Varakin Evgeniy , Rudakova Vera , Vashukova Ksenia , Terentyev Konstantin
Published: June 2021

Microbial dehydrogenase activity can help to determine the oxidizing capacity of activated sludge. Here we propose an innovative and automated express-method based on rapid determination of dehydrogenase activity. The measurement is based on the rate of methylene blue reduction by living microbial cells in suspension. A single analysis takes 10 min. The method was adapted for biofilms immobilized on the floating carriers of industrial bioreactors and the kinetics of biological oxidation by activated sludge and biofilms was compared. New parameters were proposed to characterize the biological oxidation under low oxygen levels. The obtained make it possible to quickly determine the dehydrogenase activity of activated sludge and biofilms and promptly monitor the effectiveness of industrial biological wastewater treatment.
Particulate Organic Carbon in the Tropical Usumacinta River, Southeast Mexico: Concentration, Flux, and Sources
Authors: Cuevas-Lara Daniel , Alcocer Javier , Cortés-Guzmán Daniela , Soria-Reinoso Ismael F. , García-Oliva Felipe , Sánchez-Carrillo Salvador , Oseguera Luis A.
Published: June 2021

Particulate organic carbon (POC) derived from inland water plays an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle; however, the POC dynamic in tropical rivers is poorly known. We assessed the POC concentration, flux, and sources in the Usumacinta, the largest tropical river in North America, to determine the controls on POC export to the Gulf of Mexico. We examined the Mexican middle and lower Usumacinta Basin during the 2017 dry (DS) and rainy (RS) seasons. The POC concentration ranged from 0.48 to 4.7 mg L−1 and was higher in the RS, though only in the middle basin, while remaining similar in both seasons in the lower basin. The POC was predominantly allochthonous (54.7 to 99.6%). However, autochthonous POC (phytoplankton) increased in the DS (from 5.1 to 17.7%) in both basins. The POC mass inflow–outflow balance suggested that floodplains supply (C source) autochthonous POC during the DS while retaining (C sink) allochthonous POC in the RS. Ranging between 109.1 (DS) and 926.1 t POC d−1 (RS), the Usumacinta River POC export to the Gulf of Mexico was similar to that of other tropical rivers with a comparable water discharge. The extensive floodplains and the “Pantanos de Centla” wetlands in the lowlands largely influenced the POC dynamics and export to the southern Gulf of Mexico.
Assessing the Use of Dual-Drainage Modeling to Determine the Effects of Green Stormwater Infrastructure on Roadway Flooding and Traffic Performance
Authors: Knight Kathryn L. , Hou Guangyang , Bhaskar Aditi S. , Chen Suren
Published: June 2021

Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is increasingly used to reduce stormwater input to the subsurface stormwater network. This work investigated how GSI interacts with surface runoff and stormwater structures to affect the spatial extent and distribution of roadway flooding and subsequent effects on the performance of the traffic system using a dual-drainage model. The model simulated roadway flooding using PCSWMM (Personal Computer Stormwater Management Model) in Harvard Gulch, Denver, Colorado, and was then used in a microscopic traffic simulation using the Simulation of Urban Mobility Model (SUMO). We examined the effect of converting between 1% and 5% of directly connected impervious area (DCIA) to bioretention GSI on roadway flooding. The results showed that even for 1% of DCIA converted to GSI, the extent and mean depth of roadway flooding was reduced. Increasing GSI conversion further reduced roadway flooding depth and extent, although with diminishing returns per additional percentage of DCIA converted to GSI. Reduced roadway flooding led to increased average vehicle speeds and decreased percentage of roads impacted by flooding and total travel time. We found diminishing returns in the roadway flooding reduction per additional percentage of DCIA converted to GSI. Future work will be conducted to reduce the main limitations of insufficient data for model validation. Detailed dual-drainage modeling has the potential to better predict what GSI strategies will mitigate roadway flooding.
The phenomenon of migration of nociogenic structures in the human sensor-algic system (results of clinical and neurophysiological studies and morphological experiments)
Authors: Shpagin Maksim Vladimirovich , Kolesnikov Mikhail Valerievich , Khutorskaya Olga Yurievna , Timoshkin Dmitriy Evgenievich , Belikin Artem Andreevich , Rodygin Danil Nikolaevich
Published: June 2021

From the informational and structural point of view, the chronicity of pain is associated with the migration of nociogenic zones. The phenomenon of migration is based on the mechanisms of neuroplasticity, compensatory-restorative processes in the nervous system. On the basis of the phenomenon of migration of the nociogenic zone, a system of regional integrative therapy of chronic pain syndrome has been developed. Recommendations on the advisability of invasive shutdown of the nociogenic zone using invasive pharmacotherapy or surgical denervation have been proposed. In the course of studying the characteristics of chronic pain, depending on the duration of the disease, a direct proportional correlation was revealed between the increase in the components of pain and the duration of the pain syndrome, which can be explained by the increase in the number of nociogenic structures that form the complexity and stability of the pain syndrome. Thus, the necessity of neurodestructive interventions increases for attaining positive results. An important area of therapy is the inclusion of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and neuromodulation into the system of regional-integrative influence.
Analysis of risk factors for coronary heart disease
Authors: Nagimova Elvina Mukharamovna , Mazin Yaroslav Grigorievich , Merzhoev Chingiskhan Daudavich , Badamshin Emil Rushanovich , Pavlova Marina Yuryevna
Published: June 2021

At the present time the most common diseases are diseases of the circulatory system, among which the leading place belongs to coronary heart disease (CHD). Risk factors for CHD were studied and evaluated. It was found that in women the most significant risk factors are arterial hypertension (54.5 %), hypodynamia (54.5 %) and stress (41.9 %), and in men — stress (58.1 %), arterial hypertension (40.7 %) and smoking (37.0 %).
Results of the reform of the emergency medical service in the Pavlodar Region
Authors: Akhmetzhanov Kanadan Kanashevich
Published: June 2021

Improving the organization of medical care allows providing standardized and timely medical care of higher quality not only to residents of cities, but also to the population living in rural areas. This is achieved by the gradual reorganization of the emergency medical service, introduction of innovative technologies, 100 % provision of ambulances with medical equipment, and training of medical personnel of emergency medical teams.
Metafora Ganda Bagi Yesus Kristus Dalam Wahyu 5:5-6: Memahami Perjanjian Baru Dalam Menggunakan Perjanjian Lama
Authors: Wibowo Moses , Illu Jonidius , Siregar Oren
Published: June 2021

The Old and New Testaments are the primary sources of understanding the identity and work of Jesus Christ. There was a consensus from commentators that the combination of the Lion and the Lamb as a double metaphor for Jesus Christ in Revelation 5:5-6 is one of the complex texts and was also crucial to being able to understand the entire book of Revelation. Restrospectively this section has presented multi-interpretation so that it also affects the theological and practical understanding of interpreters. This article will approach the metaphorical combination in Revelation 5:5-6 biblically primarily by dividing the interpretation steps in accordance with the NT use of the OT. This point in the book of Revelation is related to the identity and work of Jesus Christ in order to carry out the divine dual mission: judgment and salvation, to establish the kingdom of God on earth through love and not through violence.
Avaliação do programa de puericultura na Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Nascimento Luiz Carlos Ferreira do , Ferreira Tainara Lôrena dos Santos , Araújo Daísy Vieira de , Andrade Fábia Barbosa de
Published: June 2021

Este estudo objetiva avaliar indicadores de Puericultura na Atenção Primária à Saúde na rede básica. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo realizado com pais/responsáveis de crianças menores de dois anos atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde na cidade de Santa Cruz, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, com uma amostra composta por 186 indivíduos. Este estudo vem fortalecer a proposta do Ministério da Saúde de vigilância em saúde da criança, pois se trata de uma diretriz operacional que visa à redução dos indicadores de morbimortalidade infantil no país e colabora para o fortalecimento do Pacto pela Saúde.
Maternidade e trabalho: as empresas apoiam o cuidado à saúde materna e infantil?
Authors: Juchem Neiva Maria , Gotler Medeiros Cássia Regina , Freitag Ana Luísa
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: analisar a percepção de trabalhadoras sobre a participação das empresas na garantia do cuidado no pré-natal e amamentação. Métodos: estudo qualitativo que realizou análise de conteúdo de entrevistas à gestantes e nutrizes de um município do Rio Grande do Sul. Resultados: algumas empresas não validam o atestado médico, o que resulta na perda de benefícios oferecidos pela empresa. Gestantes que necessitam de cuidados especiais nem sempre conseguem mantê-los no ambiente de trabalho, forçando-as a solicitar demissão. A distância entre a residência ou creche e o trabalho dificulta o aleitamento materno. Conclusões: as empresas desconhecem a Rede de Atenção à Saúde Materna, e embora cumpram a legislação trabalhista relacionada à gestação e aleitamento, esta não é suficiente para garantir o cuidado à saúde materna e infantil.
Recomendações para o cuidado pós-parto às mulheres na Atenção Primária: revisão sistemática
Authors: Baratieri Tatiane , Soares Larissa Gramázio , Kappel Elisa Prieto , Natal Sonia , Lacerda Josimari Telino
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Comparar as recomendações de guidelines sobre a atenção às mulheres no pós-parto na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Desenvolvimento: Revisão sistemática de guidelines com busca nas bases de dados Lilacs e PubMed, e página da internet do National Guideline Clearing house, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence e Google®, considerando como critérios de inclusão: tratar de recomendações sobre cuidados pós-parto de rotina e/ou complicações decorrentes do pós-parto; contemplar responsabilidades da Atenção Primária à Saúde; ser publicado de 2008 a 2017; estar disponível em texto completo; nos idiomas inglês, espanhol ou português. Foram analisados 9 guidelines, em que apenas três trataram de cuidados gerais no pós-parto, sendo os demais sobre temas específicos, como depressão pós-parto e contracepção. Apenas um guideline era direcionado para países de baixa renda. As recomendações trataram sobre organização do cuidado, saúde mental, saúde física, aleitamento materno, atividade educativa/grupo de apoio, sinais e sintomas de violência doméstica e métodos contraceptivos. O escopo de recomendações foi baseado, de modo geral, em baixo nível de evidência, com maior foco em saúde física e mental, e incipiente abordagem sobre violência doméstica. Conclusão: Os guidelines apresentaram recomendações amplas que abrangem a atenção às mulheres no pós-parto. Há necessidade de maior investimento em pesquisas sobre o tema para aumentar o nível das evidências, e incentivo para elaboração de guidelines em países de baixa renda.
Seedling morphology of different wheat genotypes at early stages under hydrocultural conditions
Authors: Zsombik László , Hanász Alexandra , Sipos Tamás , Basal Oqba , Magyar-Tábori Katalin
Published: June 2021

Consuming “sprouted seeds” is one of the most important factors of a healthy diet. An experiment was conducted in the University of Debrecen, Research Centre of Nyíregyháza (Hungary) in 2014 to analyse some morphological traits of four winter wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) and one spelt (T. spelta) variety. Our results showed that the spelt wheat variety “Franckenkorn” could maintain higher root length throughout the experimental period. On average, both “Perbetei” and “Franckenkorn” varieties could maintain higher root number compared to the other varieties. The extensive breeding line “1401 HK” had the highest shoot length throughout the whole experiment, being significantly higher than the landrace variety “Perbetei” and both of the varieties “KG Bendegúz” and “KG Kunhalom”. It could be concluded that “KG Bendegúz” cultivar and “Perbetei” landrace seem to be the most suitable for aquaculture techniques. In addition, “1401 HK” breeding line can be the most suitable for the production of juice since the minimal required shoot length (12 cm) was achieved within the shortest period of time after sowing (9 days). This breeding line and “Franckenkorn” can also be suitable for production of “wheatgrass”, because it is consumed without roots. Further research is needed to evaluate nutritional values of these genotypes.
Effect of different sources and doses of sulphur on yield, nutrient content and uptake by spring wheat
Authors: Juhász Evelin Kármen , Balláné Kovács Andrea
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of two sulphur forms (sulphate and tiosulphate) in combination with three different N:S ratios on the yield of spring wheat and total N- and S-content and uptake by the aboveground biomass on chernozem and sandy soil. In the greenhouse experiment, the effects of two sulphur forms were compared: sulphate (SO42-) and thiosulphate (S2O32-). The sulphate was applied as potassium-sulphate (K2SO4) and thiosulphate as ammonium-thiosulphate ((NH4)2S2O3). Increasing doses of both sulphur forms (24, 60, 120 kg S ha-1) were used with the same nitrogen dose (120 kg N ha-1) which caused three different N:S ratios background (1:0.2, 1:0.5, 1:1). Nitrogen was supplied in the form of monoammonium-phosphate (MAP), ammonium-nitrate and ammonium-thiosulphate. Plant samples were taken in three different development stages of spring wheat based on the BBCH scale: at the stage of BBCH 30–32 (stem elongation), BBCH 65–69 (flowering) and BBCH 89 (ripening). The total nitrogen and total sulphur content of plant at different development stages and also wheat grain were measured by Elementar Vario EL type CNS analyser. The nutrient uptake by plant and grain was calculated from the yield of spring wheat and the N and S content of plant.  The grain yield on chernozem soil ranged between 6.31 and 12.13 g/pot. All fertilised treatments significantly increased the grain yield compared to the control. The highest yield was obtained in the case of the application of 120 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg S ha-1in sulphate form. The grain yield on sandy soil varied from 2.53 to 6.62 g/pot. The fertilised treatments significantly enhanced the yield compared to the control. The highest yield was observed in the case of the application of 120 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg S ha-1 in thiosulphate form. On chernozem soil the increasing doses of sulphur (24, 60, 120 kg S ha-1) with the same N dose (120 kg N ha-1) increased the N-content of spring wheat at all development stages and in the grain. The treatments with different sulphur sources did not cause further changes in the N-content. On sandy soil in the most cases the N-content did not change significantly as a result of increasing sulphur doses. The treatments with sulphate form basically resulted higher nitrogen-content than treatments with thiosulphate form. The treatments with increasing sulphur doses resulted higher S-content on both of chernozem and sandy soil in the case of all development stage. Comparing the effect of the applied sulphur sources on the S-content it can be stated that at the stage of BBCH 30–31 and 65–69 the treatments with sulphate form resulted higher sulphur-content. At the stage of BBCH 89 there was no significant differences in S-content of grain as a result of different sulphur-sources.
Effect of compost/water ratio on some main parameter of compost solutions
Authors: Kiss Nikolett Eva , Gorliczay Edit , Nagy Péter Tamás , Tamás János
Published: June 2021

Composting is an efficient technology for the utilisation of by-products and waste. It is also suitable for treating raw materials to convert fertilisers that are not recommended for application without pre-processing. Such is the case with poultry manure, which is very important to pre-treat due to its hazardous properties. An increasingly common form of compost is compost tea, which is made by soaking compost in water. In our experiment, we made compost tea from a composted and granulated poultry manure product. Three mixing ratios were used (1/5, 1/10, 1/10) and compost teas were set for three different extraction times (24–48–72 hours). After elimination of the experiment, the pH, EC, and nitrate and ammonium contents of the samples were measured. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between each mixing ratio and different extraction times. Based on our results, it can be said that the fluctuation of pH values during the experiment was low. Regardless of the mixing ratio and extraction time, the samples were in the slightly acidic range. The electrical conductivity, nitrate and ammonium content follow a similar trend, the values decrease significantly with the increase of the mixing ratio. Similar tendency was observed at the incubation time. The concentrations of both EC and nitrogen forms increase with increasing incubation time, in most cases significantly.
Yield table for selected black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) cultivars
Authors: Rédei Károly , Ábri Tamás , Szabó Fruzsina , Keserű Zsolt
Published: June 2021

In Hungary, the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) can be considered as the most important fast-growing, stand-forming introduced tree species. Due to its positive growing technological characteristics as well as wood utilization possibilities, at the present, black locust is the most widely planted tree species in Hungary, covering 25% of the country’s total forest area. One of the important tasks ahead of Hungarian black locust growers is to improve the quality of black locust stands with introducing selected cultivars. For the estimation of the growth rate and yield a numerical yield table has been constructed on the basis of surveys of the experimental plots established in pure,managed ’Nyirségi’ ,’Üllői’ and ’Jászkiséri’ black locust cultivars’ plantations which can be suitable for sawlogs production. In the course of 56 stand surveys the key stand characteristics were measured, and then, were reconsidered the average height, diameter (DBH), volume, basal area and stem number given separately for the main (remaining), secondary (removal) and total stands per hectare. The programmable editing procedure allows to extention and formal change of information content of the yield table according to different demands.
simple method for preparing elemental selenium nano- coating inside a silicone surface
Authors: Badgar Khandsuren , Prokisch József
Published: June 2021

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with a bright red colour have aroused worldwide attention due to their unique properties in selenium supplementation because of their low toxicity and favourable bioavailability. A simple method was developed for making a red selenium nanolayer on the inner surface of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and silicone tube. The selenium nanoparticles were produced by the reaction of sodium selenite and ascorbic acid. Red amorphous selenium nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by the reaction of 500 mg dm-3 Se (sodium selenite) solution with 10 g dm-3 ascorbic acid solution at room temperature, and morphology was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The coating density was compared on PVC and silicone surfaces by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis. The nanolayer with about 16 µm thickness on the silicone surface significantly evenly distributed compared to the PVC surface. The selenium coated silicone tube could be a good source of selenium for a continuous, low-level selenium supplementation of farm animals via drinking water.
Panorama atual das políticas de medicamentos genéricos no Brasil: Revisão bibliográfica/ Current overview of generic drug policies in Brazil: Literature review
Authors: Malheiros Linderson Ramos , Rocha Mayane Silva , Silva Queize Ester do Nascimento da , Brito Marcelo Augusto Mota
Published: June 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: No Brasil, a política de medicamentos genéricos foi implementada através da Lei 9.787, de 10 de fevereiro de 1999, que autoriza as grandes indústrias farmacêuticas a comercializar os medicamentos genéricos (BRASIL, 1999)OBJETIVO: Descrever a história da implementação da política de medicamento genéricos, com foco em aspectos técnicos da legislação vigente, da produção, comercialização, aceitabilidade e acesso aos medicamentos genéricos pela população brasileira.MÉTODOS: Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (PubMed), Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciElo), todas as RDC foram revisadas no site da ANVISA. A seleção dos artigos elegíveis foram estudos publicados em português e inglês, no período entre janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2020.RESULTADOS: Ao final da pesquisa, foram encontrados nos bancos de dados 119 artigos, desses 78 na PUBMED, 27 SCIELO e 14 LILACS, Após as etapas de seleção, foram excluídos 70 artigos por meio dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, selecionados para análise 13 artigos completos que abordavam a lei dos medicamentos genéricos, o desenvolvimento comercial e boa aceitação do medicamento, deixando informação relevante para os pesquisadores investirem nesse campo de estudo.CONCLUSÕES: Os medicamentos genéricos ao longo dos anos passaram por várias mudanças na legislação para garantir e aperfeiçoar a qualidade do produto. No qual, influenciou o setor farmacêutico a se adaptar e organizar novas práticas na inserção do produto no mercado brasileiro.. A política dos medicamentos genéricos beneficia tanto o setor público como as famílias de baixa renda, proporcionando economia em um produto com qualidade e segurança