bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conical cement fins efficacy on single slope solar distillers performance—Experimental investigation with economic analysis
Authors: Attia Mohammed El Hadi , Abdelgaied Mohamed , Harby K.
Published: December 2024

This article presents an effective, economical, and health‐safe experimental work to improve the solar distiller's performance using cement conical fins. To demonstrate the effectiveness of conical cement fins, two distillers were designed and built, in the first distiller; a basin was made from cement (SSSD‐CB). In the second distiller, the uniformly distributed cement conical fins are installed in the basin (SSSD‐CB&CCF). The results presented that the cumulative water produced from SSSD‐CB and SSSD‐CB&CCF reached 3460 and 4750 mL/m2 day, respectively. These results indicated that the conical cement fins represent a good design that improves the yield by 37.28%. Also, the average improvement in the exergy and energy efficiencies for SSSD‐CB&CCF reached 71.24% and 37.3%. The economic analysis showed that using conical cement fins reduced distilled costs by 25.38%.
Prediction of Inflorescence Emergence in ‘Yu Her Pau’ Litchi Under Climate Change Using an Optimised Model
Authors: Chang JenYu , Tang Lisa , Chen Chu‐Chung , Zhang Yi‐Ting , Chen Chi‐Ling
Published: December 2024

For litchi (Litchi chinensis), successful floral induction requires adequate cool temperatures in winter, perceived by mature leaves like many other subtropical fruit species. As a result, rising ambient temperatures due to global climate change has posed a threat to litchi flowering and fruit production. The goal of this research was to assess the potential impacts of climate change on flowering in ‘Yu Her Pau’ litchi on Taiwan. To better characterise the relationship between temperatures and inflorescence emergence (IE), we built a model by applying the beta‐distribution function method with 12 phenological datasets (two orchard blocks for 6 years) recorded from field‐grown ‘Yu Her Pau’ litchi trees. For this predictive model, the minimum, maximum, and optimal temperatures that resulted in successful floral induction were estimated to be 0.0°C, 21.9°C, and 19.8°C, respectively; under these criteria, at least 60.37 units of cumulative cool temperatures are necessary for IE based on the historical data. Subsequently, the IE model was used to evaluate the likelihood of successful flowering in ‘Yu Her Pau’ litchi at four major producing areas on Taiwan during five decades from 2026 to 2075, respectively, under three separate climate change (emission) scenarios based on three General Circulation Models (GCMs) in. Our results, based on any of the GCMs, suggested that ‘Yu Her Pau’ litchi grown on Southern Taiwan could face poor flowering due to insufficient cool winter temperatures in the coming decade even in the emission scenario with very stringent mitigation effort, which can lead to serious crop loss in the near future.
Volatile Profile of Bee Pollens: Optimization of Sampling Conditions for Aroma Analysis, Identification of Potential Floral Markers, and Establishment of the Flavor Wheel
Authors: Csóka Mariann , Végh Rita , Sipos László
Published: December 2024

The volatile profile of bee pollen samples from Central and Eastern Europe was investigated by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐olfactometry (GC–MS‐O). Sampling conditions were optimized for the extraction of volatiles. Pollen odorants were extracted with six different fiber coatings, five various extraction times, three diverse extraction temperatures and three differing desorption times. The most effective combination was the application of divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fiber coating used at 60°C for 30 min for extraction and 1 min for desorption. The optimized method was applied to investigate the volatile profile of 14 pollen samples (three rapeseed, musk thistle, rock‐rose, traveler's joy, dropwort, honey locust, sunflower, red poppy, phacelia, sweet cherry, wild blackberry, and dandelion). The volatile profiles of bee pollens were different and were crucially depended on botanical origin. The aroma activity of the samples was generated by 31.0%–48.3% of total volatiles. The number of the identified odorants were between 75 and 101 in the pollen samples by GC–MS, of which 26–42 were aroma‐active. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were classified into 13 different chemical classes. In most pollen, fatty acids were the predominant volatiles (14.87%–50.58%), while in some samples esters were the most abundant odorants (4.09%–45.46%). Panelists confirmed the presence of six main sensory characteristics described as “green/sour”, “fruity”, “spicy/herbal”, “earthy/mushroom”, “sweet/baked/caramel/honey”, and “floral” compounds. These results establish the flavor wheel suitable for the comprehensive sensory description of pollen pellets from individual plant species. All samples contained characteristic odorants that may help in their botanical identification.
The Challenges of Gender Diversity in Boards of Directors: An Australian Study with Global Implications
Authors: Young Suzanne , Farquharson Karen , De Silva Daswin , Mather Paul
Published: December 2024

Despite gender diversity being driven by institutional bodies, companies have been relatively slow to diversify. In this study, it is investigated that how Australian boards select new directors, and how those selection processes affect their recruitment of women. In‐depth interviews are conducted of those with first‐hand experience of board appointments, followed by the thematic analysis and the application of natural language processing techniques to identify emotions and sentiment associated with these themes. The findings indicate that boards are adopting a social rather than rational approach to board selection. They are using networks, recruitment agencies, skills matrices and pools which on the surface appear to broaden the diversity of board members. But if they are not actively seeking gender diversity these methods can still limit diversity. For women, the lack of progress and barriers of access are resulting in high intensity of negative emotions. A key contribution of the research is the intersection of social approaches to board appointment and social identity theory with the dynamics of gender. Boards need to prioritize diversity for it to be achieved. There is a need for more active methods of recruitment and expansion of the networks and pools where directors are traditionally sought. Institutions can drive change through increasing targets and requiring enhanced reporting.
WebSEQ: A New Tool for Democratizing Omics Data Sharing
Authors: Liddelow Shane A. , Zhang Ye , Sloan Steven A.
Published: December 2024

The relative ease of generation and proliferation of omics datasets has moved considerably faster than the effective dissemination of these data to the scientific community. Despite advancements in making raw data publicly available, many researchers struggle with data analysis and integration. We propose sharing analyzed data through user‐friendly platforms to enhance accessibility. Here, we present a free, online tool, for sharing basic omics data in a searchable and user‐friendly format. Importantly, it requires no coding or prior computational knowledge to build—only a data spreadsheet. Overall, this tool facilitates the exploration of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomics data, which is crucial for understanding glial diversity and function. This initiative underscores the importance of accessible molecular data in advancing neuroscience research.
Effect of three defoliation frequency treatments and drought on perennial ryegrass herbage and root growth and water‐soluble carbohydrate reserves
Authors: Tozer Katherine N. , Greenfield Rose M. , Cameron Catherine A. , Upsdell Martin P. , Hume David E.
Published: December 2024

Background

Grazing approaches are needed to increase the resilience of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)‐based pastures subject to increasing drought stress. One opportunity has focused on seedhead management in late spring. Paddock‐level studies demonstrated increased pasture resilience when ryegrass seedheads are allowed to mature, but knowledge is lacking on how defoliation management affects plant carbohydrate status and hence resilience in the sward.

Methods

A glasshouse study was conducted from spring to autumn using 1 m deep root tubes. Plant growth and water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) reserves were measured every 4–6 weeks. Defoliation treatments comprised “VEGETATIVE”—regular defoliation based on leaf stage and trimmed to 4 cm; “FLOWERING”—no defoliation spring to anthesis; and “SENESCENT”—no defoliation spring to reproductive tiller senescence. Thereafter, regular defoliation was carried out for all treatments until the end of the study. From spring to the end of summer, plants were watered daily in WET (no drought, well watered) and on four occasions in DRY (drought) treatments, with daily watering thereafter.

Results

Herbage mass, tillering, root depth, root mass, and WSC were generally higher in SENESCENT than VEGETATIVE with FLOWERING intermediate (p < 0.05). Nutritive values were similar in VEGETATIVE and FLOWERING, but in SENESCENT, metabolizable energy and crude protein declined and neutral detergent fiber increased (p < 0.05). Soil moisture effects were small, with the DRY treatment resulting in moderate suppression of herbage growth and a minor reduction in WSC reserves (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Results were consistent with field studies and recommendations to allow perennial ryegrass tillers to set seed to improve pasture resilience.
Towards an Understanding of the Dentate Gyrus Hilus
Authors: Scharfman Helen E.
Published: December 2024

For many years, the hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG) was a mystery because anatomical data suggested a bewildering array of cells without clear organization. Moreover, some of the anatomical information led to more questions than answers. For example, it had been identified that one of the major cell types in the hilus, the mossy cell, innervates granule cells (GCs). However, mossy cells also targeted local GABAergic neurons. Furthermore, it was not yet clear if mossy cells were glutamatergic or GABAergic. This led to many debates about the role of mossy cells. However, it was clear that hilar neurons, including mossy cells, were likely to have very important functions because they provided strong input to GCs. Hilar neurons also attracted attention in epilepsy because pathological studies showed that hilar neurons were often lost, but GCs remained. Vulnerability of hilar neurons also occurred after traumatic brain injury and ischemia. These observations fueled an interest to understand hilar neurons and protect them, an interest that continues to this day. This article provides a historical and personal perspective into the ways that I sought to contribute to resolving some of the debates and moving the field forward. Despite several technical challenges the outcomes of the studies have been worth the effort with some surprising findings along the way. Given the growing interest in the hilus, and the advent of multiple techniques to selectively manipulate hilar neurons, there is a great opportunity for future research.
Understanding Spatiotemporal Patterns and Drivers of Urban Flooding Using Municipal Reports
Authors: DeSousa Stacie , Bhaskar Aditi S. , Kelleher Christa , Livneh Ben
Published: December 2024

Urban flooding is an increasing threat to cities and resident well‐being. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) typically reports losses attributed to flooding which result from a stream overtopping its banks, discounting impacts of higher frequency, lower impact flooding that occurs when precipitation intensity exceeds the capacity of a drainage system. Despite its importance, the drivers of street flooding can often be difficult to identify, given street flooding data scarcity and the multitude of storm, built environment, and social factors involved. To address this knowledge gap, this study uses 922 street flooding reports to the city in Denver, Colorado, USA from 2000 to 2019 in coordination with rain gauge network data and Census tract information to improve understanding of spatiotemporal drivers of urban flooding. An initial threshold analysis using rainfall intensity to predict street flooding had performance close to random chance, which led us to investigate other drivers. A logistic regression describing the probability of a storm leading to a flood report showed the strongest predictors of urban flooding were, in descending order, maximum 5‐min rainfall intensity, population density, storm depth, storm duration, median tract income, and stormwater pipe density. The logistic regression also showed that rainfall intensity and population density are nearly as important in determining the likelihood of a flood report incidence. In addition, topographic wetness index values at locations of flooding reports were higher than randomly selected points. A linear regression predicting the number of reports per area identified percent impervious as the single most important predictor. Our methodologies can be used to better inform urban flood awareness, response, and mitigation and are applicable to any city with flood reports and spatial precipitation data.
Synchronous bilateral Wilms tumors are prone to develop independently and respond differently to preoperative chemotherapy
Authors: Tao Ting , Liu Shuangai , He Min , Zhao Manli , Chen Chen , Peng Jinkai , Wang Yilong , Cai Jiabin , Xiong Jieni , Lai Can , Gu Weizhong , Ying Meidan , Mao Junqing , Li Linjie , Jia Xuan , Wu Xuan , Peng Wanxin , Zhang Xiang , Li Yong , Li Tao , Wang Jinhu , Shu Qiang
Published: December 2024

Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common kidney cancer in infants and young children. The determination of the clonality of bilateral WTs is critical to the treatment, because lineage‐independent and metastatic tumors may require different treatment strategies. Here we found synchronous bilateral WT (n = 24 tumors from 12 patients) responded differently to preoperative chemotherapy. Transcriptome, whole‐exome and whole‐genome analysis (n = 12 tumors from 6 patients) demonstrated that each side of bilateral WT was clonally independent in terms of somatic driver mutations, copy number variations and transcriptomic profile. Molecular timing analysis revealed distinct timing and patterns of chromosomal evolution and mutational processes between the two sides of WT. Mutations in WT1, CTNNB1 and copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity of 11p15.5 provide possible genetic predisposition for the early initiation of bilateral WT. Our results provide comprehensive evidence and new insights regarding the separate initiation and early embryonic development of bilateral WT, which may benefit clinical practices in treating metastatic or refractory bilateral WT.
Safety and adherence to self‐administered intravaginal 5‐fluorouracil cream following cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 treatment among HIV‐positive women in Kenya: A phase 1 clinical trial
Authors: Mungo Chemtai , Omoto Jackton , Ogollah Cirilus , Owaya Antony , Rop Mercy , Rota Gershon , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Tang Jennifer H. , Rahangdale Lisa
Published: December 2024

Objective

To determine the safety, tolerance, and adherence to self‐administered intravaginal 5% fluorouracil (5FU) cream as adjuvant therapy following cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 (CIN2/3) treatment among women living with HIV (WLWH) in Kenya.

Methods

A phase I pilot trial was performed among 12 WLWH in Kenya, aged 18–49 years between March 2023 and February 2024 (ClinicalTrial.gov NCT05362955). Participants self‐administered 2 g of 5FU intravaginally every other week for eight applications. Safety was assessed using a standardized grading scale, and adherence was evaluated using self‐report, inspection of used applicators, and weighing of the study drug.

Results

The mean age and CD4 count were 43.9 years and 781 cells/mm3, respectively. Seven (58%) had an eighth‐grade education or less. All 12 reported at least one grade I adverse event (AE), one (8%) reported a grade 2 AE, no grade 3 or 4 AEs were reported. Increased vaginal discharge (n = 9, 75%) and irritation (n = 5, 42%), with a mean duration of 3.2 and 2.8 days, respectively, were the most commonly reported AEs. Provider‐observed AEs included grade 1 cervical erythema and superficial abrasions. All participants tolerated all eight 5FU doses, and 96% adherence was demonstrated.

Conclusion

Self‐administered 5FU following CIN2/3 treatment among WLWH in Kisumu, Kenya, was safe, tolerable, and associated with high adherence. Randomized trials are needed to investigate whether adjuvant 5FU can improve treatment outcomes or serve as primary cervical precancer treatment in sub‐Saharan Africa. A self‐administered therapy may be transformative in increasing access to treatment and, hence, secondary prevention of cervical cancer.
Guanotrophy: Waterbirds Pay for Using Resources at Their Wintering Habitats
Authors: Mukherjee Arkajyoti , Pal Sudin , Adhurya Sagar , Mukhopadhyay Subhra Kumar
Published: December 2024

Nutrients present in the guano of the aquatic birds might alter the water quality and nutrient loading in the wetland ecosystem. We recorded the changes in waterbird abundance for two consecutive wintering seasons, October–March (2018–2019 and 2019–2020), in four wetlands of Bankura and Purulia district, West Bengal, India, on Central Asian and East Asian‐Australasian Flyways. The monthly variation in the water parameters, along with total guano and nutrient loadings by waterbirds, were evaluated during the study. Waterbird species varied from 37 to 61 in these wetlands. Guano loading in the study tenure ranged from 50.2 to 2979.1 kg month−1, depending on the wetland resources and the abundance of waterbird species. In most cases, total guano loading showed significant positive correlations with total N and P loading and, consequently, NO3 and PO4 concentrations in water. In all four wetlands, guano and nutrients added by herbivorous waterbirds were significantly higher than carnivorous and omnivorous waterbirds due to the much higher abundance of herbivorous waterbirds. Linear regression analyses showed that the abundance of the wintering waterbird community significantly impacted the nitrate and phosphate availability in most of the sites. Sustainable management of these wetlands depends on the delicate balance of guanotrophic nutrient enrichment and habitat fitness to attract migratory waterbirds.
A 5G LAN Testbed for Hybrid Industrial IoT Scenarios
Authors: Cruz Diogo , Cruz Tiago , Pereira Vasco , Simões Paulo
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we describe the conception and implementation of a high‐fidelity 5G testbed for 5G Local Area Networks (LANs). This testbed comprises a combination of real, emulated and virtualized components that enable R&D activities such as exploring use cases, integrating components, and infrastructure management. This environment has undergone an experimental assessment of its functional characteristics and performance, using an Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem over 5G.
Succinate Regulates Exercise‐Induced Muscle Remodelling by Boosting Satellite Cell Differentiation Through Succinate Receptor 1
Authors: Shi Yifan , Zhou Da , Wang Haoyang , Huang Longchang , Gao Xuejin , Maitiabula Gulisudumu , Zhang Li , Wang Xinying
Published: December 2024

Background

Skeletal muscle remodelling can cause clinically important changes in muscle phenotypes. Satellite cells (SCs) myogenic potential underlies the maintenance of muscle plasticity. Accumulating evidence shows the importance of succinate in muscle metabolism and function. However, whether succinate can affect SC function and subsequently coordinate muscle remodelling to exercise remains unexplored.

Methods

A mouse model of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) was used to investigate the effects of succinate on muscle remodelling and SC function by exercise capacity test and biochemical methods. Mice with succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1)‐specific knockout in SCs were generated as an in vivo model to explore the underlying mechanisms. RNA sequencing of isolated SCs was performed to identify molecular changes responding to succinate‐SUCNR1 signalling. The effects of identified key molecules on the myogenic capacity of SCs were investigated using gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays in vitro. To support the translational application, the clinical efficacy of succinate was explored in muscle‐wasting mice.

Results

After 21 days of HIIT, mice supplemented with 1.5% succinate exhibited striking gains in grip strength (+0.38 ± 0.04 vs. 0.26 ± 0.03 N, p < 0.001) and endurance (+276.70 ± 55.80 vs. 201.70 ± 45.31 s, p < 0.05), accompanied by enhanced muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular junction regeneration (p < 0.001). The myogenic capacity of SCs was significantly increased in gastrocnemius muscle of mice supplemented with 1% and 1.5% succinate (+16.48% vs. control, p = 0.008; +47.25% vs. control, p < 0.001, respectively). SUCNR1‐specific deletion in SCs abolished the modulatory influence of succinate on muscle adaptation in response to exercise, revealing that SCs respond to succinate–SUCNR1 signalling, thereby facilitating muscle remodelling. SUCNR1 signalling markedly upregulated genes associated with stem cell differentiation and phosphorylation pathways within SCs, of which p38α mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK; fold change = 6.7, p < 0.001) and protein kinase C eta (PKCη; fold change = 12.5, p < 0.001) expressions were the most enriched, respectively. Mechanistically, succinate enhanced the myogenic capacity of isolated SCs by activating the SUCNR1–PKCη–p38α MAPK pathway. Finally, succinate promoted SC differentiation (1.5‐fold, p < 0.001), ameliorating dexamethasone‐induced muscle atrophy in mice (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings reveal a novel function of succinate in enhancing SC myogenic capacity via SUCNR1, leading to enhanced muscle adaptation in response to exercise. These findings provide new insights for developing pharmacological strategies to overcome muscle atrophy–related diseases.
Intrinsic Muscle Stem Cell Dysfunction Contributes to Impaired Regeneration in the mdx Mouse
Authors: Esper Marie E. , Brun Caroline E. , Lin Alexander Y. T. , Feige Peter , Catenacci Marie J. , Sincennes Marie‐Claude , Ritso Morten , Rudnicki Michael A.
Published: December 2024

Background

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating disease characterized by progressive muscle wasting that leads to diminished lifespan. In addition to the inherent weakness of dystrophin‐deficient muscle, the dysfunction of resident muscle stem cells (MuSC) significantly contributes to disease progression.

Methods

Using the mdx mouse model of DMD, we performed an in‐depth characterization of disease progression and MuSC function in dystrophin‐deficient skeletal muscle using immunohistology, isometric force measurements, transcriptomic analysis and transplantation assays. We examined the architectural and functional changes in mdx skeletal muscle from 13 and 52 weeks of age and following acute cardiotoxin (CTX) injury. We also studied MuSC dynamics and function under homeostatic conditions, during regeneration post‐acute injury, and following engraftment using a combination of histological and transcriptomic analyses.

Results

Dystrophin‐deficient skeletal muscle undergoes progressive changes with age and delayed regeneration in response to acute injury. Muscle hypertrophy, deposition of collagen and an increase in small myofibres occur with age in the tibialis anterior (TA) and diaphragm muscles in mdx mice. Dystrophic mdx mouse TA muscles become hypertrophic with age, whereas diaphragm atrophy is evident in 1‐year‐old mdx mice. Maximum tetanic force is comparable between genotypes in the TA, but maximum specific force is reduced by up to 38% between 13 and 52 weeks in the mdx mouse. Following acute injury, myofibre hyperplasia and hypotrophy and delayed recovery of maximum tetanic force occur in the mdx TA. We also find defective MuSC polarity and reduced numbers of myocytes in mdx muscle following acute injury. We observed a 50% and 30% decrease in PAX7+ and MYOG+ cells, respectively, at 5 days post CTX injury (5 dpi) in the mdx TA. A similar decrease in mdx progenitor cell proportion is observed by single cell RNA sequencing of myogenic cells at 5 dpi. The global expression of commitment‐related genes is also reduced at 5 dpi. We find a 46% reduction in polarized PARD3 in mdx MuSCs. Finally, mdx MuSCs exhibit elevated PAX7+ cell engraftment with significantly fewer donor‐derived myonuclei in regenerated myofibres.

Conclusions

Our study provides evidence that dystrophin deficiency in MuSCs and myofibres together contributes to progression of DMD. Ongoing muscle damage stimulates MuSC activation; however, aberrant intrinsic MuSC polarity and stem cell commitment deficits due to the loss of dystrophin impair muscle regeneration. Our study provides in vivo validation that dystrophin‐deficient MuSCs undergo fewer asymmetric cell divisions, instead favouring symmetric expansion.
Mapping the Landscape of Autism Research: A Scientometric Review (2011–2023)
Authors: Mahajan Pratibha , Patil Deven , Nair Nidhi , Musmade Nishant , Apte Preet
Published: December 2024

This scientometric analysis maps the landscape of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research between 2011 and 2023. By exploring patterns in publication growth, geographic distribution and institutional involvement, this study highlights evolving research themes, key contributors and collaborative networks. Our findings reveal a marked rise in ASD publications, particularly from 2020 onwards, with the United States, United Kingdom and China leading in contributions and collaborations. Scientometric analysis identifies a shift towards advanced machine learning techniques and neuroimaging in ASD studies, reflecting technological integration in research. Institutional analysis uncovers Vanderbilt University and Yale University as major contributors, with significant citation impacts across their publications. Furthermore, prominent funding sources, including the National Institutes of Health, underscore the critical role of funding in shaping research priorities. This comprehensive scientometric overview not only consolidates current knowledge but also serves as a resource to inform future research directions, enhancing interdisciplinary approaches to ASD understanding and intervention.
Lutein Exerts Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Role on Schizophrenia‐Like Behaviours in Mice
Authors: Aziziha Helia , Hassanpour Shahin , Zendehdel Morteza
Published: December 2024

Schizophrenia is an esteemed neuropsychiatric condition delineated by the manifestation which role of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is important. Lutein administration exhibits protective effects via NMDA receptors. Thus, the main goal of this research was to investigate how lutein can possibly act as an antioxidant and provide protection for the brain against schizophrenia‐like behaviours in mice. In total, 24 male mice were divided into four experimental groups: control, ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.p), lutein (10 mg/kg, i.p) and a mix of ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.p) and lutein (10 mg/kg, i.p). Lutein was given to the mice for 30 days, while ketamine was given from Days 16 to 30 to create a model of schizophrenia in the animals. After giving drugs, schizophrenia‐like behaviours were evaluated with novel object recognition test (NORT), tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST) and open field tests. Furthermore, the amounts of brain malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were assessed. The findings showed a noteworthy decrease in the crossings during the open field test and increase in immobility duration in the TST and FST as a result of ketamine administration (p < 0.05). Prior administration of lutein showed a decrease in the detrimental effects of ketamine on the open field assay, along with a reduction in immobility duration in the TST and FST experiments (p < 0.05). Administration of ketamine caused a notable reduction in the discrimination index, while pretreatment with lutein was associated with a rise in the discrimination index (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the administration of ketamine significantly increased the levels of MDA in both cortical and subcortical regions, which were then reduced by lutein pretreatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, ketamine use led to a significant decrease in tissue SOD, GPx and CAT levels in both cortical and subcortical brain regions in mice (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, lutein pretreatment significantly enhanced SOD, GPx and CAT levels in cortical and subcortical regions (p < 0.05). These results indicate that lutein may have protective effects on the brain to improve behavioural problems.
Prenatal Exposure to Quercetin Protects Against Methimazole‐Induced Reflexive Motor Behavior and Oxidative Stress Markers in Mouse Offspring
Authors: Zahedi Sara , Hassanpour Shahin , Mashhadyrafie Seeyamak
Published: December 2024

Quercetin is a natural flavonoid and one of the most powerful antioxidants. Due to its wide range of biological properties, it may improve cognitive and physical performance by affecting nervous tissue. The current study is aimed at determining the effect of prenatal exposure to quercetin against methimazole (MMI)‐induced hypothyroidism on reflexive motor behavior in mouse offspring. In this study, 40 female mice were mated with 12 fertile male NMRI mice, and the pregnant mice were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as the control, Group 2 received 0.2% MMI in drinking water, Group 3 received 150 mg/kg quercetin via gavage, and Group 4 received both 0.2% MMI in drinking water and 150 mg/kg quercetin via gavage from Days 1 to 9 of gestation. The offspring were assessed for reflexive motor behaviors and conditioned fear. Catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in the neonates were also examined. The findings indicated that exposure to quercetin led to improved ambulation, hindlimb suspension, grip strength, front‐limb suspension, hindlimb foot angle, negative geotaxis, surface righting, and conditioned fear behaviors in the offspring (p < 0.05). Additionally, quercetin reduced levels of MDA and increased levels of SOD, GPx, and CAT in the brain tissue (p < 0.05). These results suggested that quercetin exposure during pregnancy has positive effect on reflexive motor behaviors and antioxidant levels in mouse offspring.
Synthesis and Characterization of Benzo[6,7]Cyclohepta[1,2‐b]Pyrazolo[4,3‐e]Pyridines
Authors: Abdallah Zeinab A. , Abdelfattah Ahmed M. , Ahmed Ahmed A. M.
Published: December 2024

In this study, a novel ring system, benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2‐b]pyrazolo[4,3‐e]pyridin‐9‐amines was efficiently synthesized. For that, 4‐(aryl)‐2‐thioxo‐2,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2‐b]pyridine‐3‐carbonitriles were chosen as valuable intermediates. These synthons were reacted with the respective hydrazonyl chlorides in ethanol in the presence of triethylamine. The reaction was stirred at 50°C for 1–1.5 to afford a novel series of 2‐oxo‐N‐phenylpropanehydrazonothioates in 82%–89% yields. Heating of the previous hydrazonothioates in an ethanolic sodium ethanolate solution under reflux for 2–3 h yielded a novel series of 8,11‐diphenyl‐5,6,7,11‐tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2‐b]pyrazolo[4,3‐e]pyridin‐9‐amines in 77%–86% yields. The structures of the novel products were elucidated by elemental‐analyses and spectral data.
In vitro and ex vivo screening of microRNA combinations with enhanced cell penetrating peptides to stimulate intervertebral disc regeneration
Authors: Ní Néill Tara , Barcellona Marcos N. , Wilson Niamh , O'Brien Fergal J. , Dixon James E. , Curtin Caroline M. , Buckley Conor T.
Published: December 2024

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is predominantly caused by degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) and central nucleus pulposus (NP) region. Conservative treatments fail to restore disc function, motivating the exploration of nucleic acid therapies, such as the use of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs have the potential to modulate expression of discogenic factors, while silencing the catabolic cascade associated with degeneration. To deliver these miRNAs, nonviral cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are gaining favor given their low immunogenicity and strong targeting ability. Single miRNA therapies have been investigated for IVD repair, however dual miRNA delivery strategies have not been commonly examined and may augment regeneration.

Materials and methods

Transfection of four pro‐discogenic miRNAs (miRNA mimics:140‐5p; 149‐5p and inhibitors: 141‐3p; 221‐3p) and dual delivery of six miRNA pairings was performed using two CPPs, RALA and GET peptide (FLR), in primary rat NP monolayer culture, and in an ex vivo organ culture model of rat caudal discs. Protein expression of discogenic (aggrecan, collagen type II, and SOX9) and catabolic markers (ADAMTS5 and MMP13) were assessed.

Results

Monolayer investigations signified enhanced discogenic marker expression following dual miRNA delivery, signifying a synergistic effect when compared to single miRNA transfection. Utilization of an appropriate model was emphasized in our ex vivo organ culture experiment, revealing the establishment of a regenerative microenvironment characterized by reduced catabolic enzyme activity and enhanced matrix deposition, particularly following concurrent delivery of FLR‐miRNA‐149‐5p mimic and miRNA‐221‐3p inhibitor. Bioinformatics analysis of miRNA‐149‐5p mimic and miRNA‐221‐3p inhibitor identified distinct targets, pathways, and interactions, suggesting a mode of action for this amplified response.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest the potential of FLR‐miRNA‐149‐5p + miRNA‐221‐3p inhibitor to create an anti‐catabolic niche within the disc to foster regeneration in moderate cases of disc degeneration, which could be utilized in further studies with the overarching aim of developing treatments for LBP.
Skin Diseases in Long‐Distance Runners
Authors: Ahomies Henna , Descamps Vincent , Leclerc‐Mercier Stéphanie , Kluger Nicolas
Published: December 2024

Long‐distance running, including both road running and trail/mountain running, has significantly increased in popularity in recent years. The prolonged, repetitive physical activity combined with environmental exposures predisposes runners to a range of dermatological problems. We reviewed the dermatological challenges faced by long‐distance runners, focusing on the prevalence, causes, and prevention of common skin conditions as well as risks related to ultra‐violet radiation. Understanding these skin conditions and the circumstances surrounding running is essential for prevention and effective management. We present the existing literature on (i) environmental, (ii) traumatic or mechanical, (iii) inflammatory and infectious skin diseases, and (iv) the exacerbation of pre‐existing dermatoses in long‐distance running. Special consideration is given to the risk of skin cancer due to ultra‐violet radiation and the photoprotection habits of endurance runners.
Modulation of polypropylene dielectric properties using graphene defect engineering
Authors: Dong Haipeng , Yang Bo , Guo Yin , Nikolaevna Khegay Lyubov , Yan Ming , Song Li , Zhu Baikang , Li Zhi , Lin Yingxue , Chai Shaohua , Zhang Lu , Tao Hengcong
Published: December 2024

Regulating the dielectric properties of base stations is crucial for advancing 5G technology. This study presents the preparation of a series of graphene/polypropylene (PP) composites by blending various types and concentrations of graphene with PP using a melt blending process. The effect of different graphene types (graphene oxide, multilayer graphene, and exfoliated graphene) and concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt%) on the composites was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), impedance analyzer, rotational rheometer, and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). Results show that high shear force and temperature during preparation ensure the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. Specifically, the permittivity decreased by up to 18% with the incorporation of 1% multilayer graphene (MGE). The optimal performance was achieved with MGE compared to graphene oxide (GO) and exfoliated graphene (GE), as the composites exhibited enhanced mechanical strength, thermal stability, and lower permittivitys. This work suggests significant application prospects for PP composite materials in the 5G field due to the excellent characteristics of graphene.

Highlights

Graphene significantly reduces the permittivity of polypropylene.

Strong interfacial bonding exists between moderate amounts of graphene and PP.

Graphene boosts substrate crystallization to reduce permittivity.

Composite permittivity rises with filler's permittivity increase.
Enhancing thermal conductivity and electromagnetic shielding performance of polyvinylidene fluoride composite film with densified filler network by hot imprinting
Authors: Li Xiao‐lei , Ma Chuan‐guo , Xu Ke , Lu Shao‐ning , Dai Pei‐bang
Published: December 2024

A simple strategy of hot imprinting was proposed to construct a densified filler network for the preparation of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite film with high thermal conductivity and electromagnetic shielding performance. First, continuous imprints were obtained by hot pressing on the surface of PVDF fiber film using a metal mesh as a stencil. Magnetic Fe3O4‐modified carbon nanotubes (Fe3O4@CNTs) were then loaded onto the surface of the films using an impregnation method. Finally, the Fe3O4@CNTs/PVDF composite film was fabricated by a three‐layer hot pressing process. The mesh size and filler loading cycles have an important effect on the resulting performance of the composite film. Under the optimal conditions of 1 × 2 mesh size and five loading cycles, the thermal conductivity of the composite film with only 5.16 wt% CNTs content, was 1.91 W/mK, which is an improvement of 51.6% compared to that of the non‐imprinted composite film. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the composite film reached 28.6 dB. This strategy provides a feasible approach for the large‐scale production of high‐performance thermal interface materials.

Highlights

Enhancing continuous filler network in PVDF composite film by hot imprinting.

Developing carbon nanotube and Fe3O4 hybrid fillers with a heterogeneous structure.

Achieving significant improvements in TC and EMI SE of the composite film.

Offering large‐scale production methods of high‐performance thermal interface materials.
Automatic MRI‐TRUS Fusion Technique for Transperineal Biopsy Guidance: From Preoperative Planning to Intraoperative Navigation
Authors: Tang Lu , Wu Menglin , Chen Ke , Gao Fan , Zheng Baohui , Zhao Shu , Burstein Pablo D. , Ge Sikai , Zhang Xu , Zhu Jie
Published: December 2024

Background

Targeted and systematic transperineal biopsy of lesions guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) fusion technique may optimize the biopsy procedure and enhance the detection of prostate cancer. We described the transperineal biopsy guided by an automatic MRI‐TRUS fusion technique, and evaluated the accuracy and feasibility of this method in a prospective single‐center study.

Methods

The proposed method focuses on automating the delineation of prostate contours in both the MRI and TRUS images, the registration and fusion of MRI and TRUS images, the generation and visualiztion of the systematic biopsy cores in their corresponding locations within the 2D and the 3D views, as well as the computation and visualiztion of needle trajectories from preoperative planning to intraoperative navigation. A total of 76 patients with clinically suspected prostate cancer underwent systematic (SBx) and targeted (TBx) biopsies, all performed by a single urologist with more than 10 years of experience. The detection rates of prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) were recorded. We also measured preoperative registration time, duration of the overall surgical procedure, and postoperative complication rates within the first week following the surgery. Descriptive analyses were presented in this study.

Results

PCa was identified in 73.7% (56/76) of the subjects, while csPCa was identified in 61.8% (47/76). The preoperative registration time was 5.0 min (IQR: 4.4–6.0), while the overall surgery duration was 24.8 min (IQR: 23.2–27.2). Postoperatively, 12 patients experienced immediate hematuria, and one patient reported dysuria 1 day following surgery.

Conclusions

The automatic MRI‐TRUS fusion technique for transperineal biopsy is feasible and safe, with preoperative planning to intraoperative navigation it offering convenient and efficient preoperative preparation and surgical procedure.
Self‐Triggered Distributed Model Predictive Control via Path Parameter Synchronization
Authors: Chen Qianqian , Li Shaoyuan
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the formation tracking problem for multiple mobile robots via self‐triggered distributed model predictive control (DMPC) strategy and path‐parameter communication manner. To ensure the robots follow the desired formation structure along the predefined paths, we establish appropriate tracking error models that form a multi‐agent system. At triggered instants, each agent exchanges a sequence of path parameters representing the robot's position, resolves the optimal control problem (OCP) and subsequently determines the open‐loop phase. Different from existing coordination methodology, the proposed scheme exhibits two essential merits in environments where resources are particularly limited: (1) The tracking task of robots is achieved by designing an appropriate OCP under the DMPC scheme, and the formation task of robots is achieved through the synchronization of one‐dimensional path parameters instead of the multi‐dimensional state information, which demands less communication load; (2) The incorporation of the self‐triggered scheduler acquires the desired control performance with less calculation time, thereby relieving the computational and communication costs. Sufficient conditions are proposed to guarantee the recursive feasibility of the OCP and the closed‐loop stability. Simulation results illustrate the validity of the proposed control algorithm.
The Effects of Artificial Intelligence on the Fashion Industry—Opportunities and Challenges for Sustainable Transformation
Authors: Bieńkowska Jolanta
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is crucial in the fashion industry nowadays. It facilitates innovation in design, production, e‐commerce, personalisation and supply chain management, improving efficient operations and providing opportunities to support sustainability. The research aimed to identify the current use of artificial intelligence in the fashion industry and its arrangement and determine to what extent AI is used to support fashion sustainability. Data collection and selection were according to PRISMA guidelines and were retrieved from Scopus and WoS (January 2017–October 2024; n = 82 (from 234 identified items)). Data analysis was performed using six steps of thematic analysis, including topic modelling (in the MAXQDA 24 programme). The identified themes revealed the current effects of AI use in the fashion industry (RQ1): data‐centric design, forecasting using big data, and experience‐oriented services. AI technologies are predominantly utilised in fabric production and B2B distribution. Experience‐focused services are enhanced through precise image searches and chatbot support. Platforms like SaaS, generative fashion, and Science4Fashion enable the creation of new designs. Applications such as Style. Me serve as personal stylists, facilitating customised outfit selection and streamlining the purchasing process. The last theme (RQ2) allowed to establish that sustainable development requires innovation based on AI technology. Despite optimistic forecasts, available solutions are only used to a limited extent. The main barrier is that companies put economic goals above sustainable development goals. Models that combine commercial and environmental perspectives are essential in developing beneficial change strategies. Therefore, it is important to monitor progress in this area.
Barriers and Strategies in Implementing Design for Disassembly and Adaptability Principles in Singapore: A Pathway to Circular Economy in the Construction Industry
Authors: Zhan Hanzhang , Hwang Bon‐Gang , Jovan Lim Wei Hern
Published: December 2024

As sustainability becomes crucial in the global construction industry, Design for Disassembly and Adaptability (DfDA) principles are key to advancing a circular economy by reducing waste, conserving resources, and enhancing building adaptability. In Singapore, with its high‐density urban landscape and limited natural resources, the adoption of DfDA principles is especially vital to ensure long‐term environmental and economic resilience. This study investigated barriers to DfDA implementation in Singapore's construction industry, analyzed strategies to address these challenges, and examined differences in perceptions based on professional roles and experience through a literature review, a questionnaire survey, and interviews. Eleven barriers and eight strategies were identified. The top barriers included the lack of practical tools and guidelines, cost and schedule constraints, and negative public perception of reused building components. The most effective strategies included providing financial incentives and awards, developing explicit guidelines and frameworks, and promoting collaborative project delivery methods. Significant differences were observed in perceptions based on respondents' roles and experience. This study advances theoretical understanding by developing a novel systematic framework that integrates barriers and strategies for DfDA implementation and stakeholder dynamics in the construction industry. The findings provide practical guidance for developing targeted measures to promote sustainable building practices. These insights significantly contribute to advancing industry‐wide sustainability initiatives and global sustainable development goals.