bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Young Netherlands Twin Register (Y-NTR): A Longitudinal Multiple Informant Study of Problem Behavior
Authors: Bartels Meike , Beijsterveldt C. E. M. (Toos) van , Derks Eske M. , Stroet Therese M. , Polderman Tinca J. C. , Hudziak James J. , Boomsma Dorret I.
Published: February 2007

The Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) was established around 1987 at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The current article summarizes the longitudinal genetic analyses of maternal and paternal ratings of twins' behavior as a function of the sex of the children for the traits of aggression (AGG), attention problems (AP), anxious/depression (ANX), internalizing behavior (INT) and externalizing behavior (EXT). We found that genetic influences are the most important factor in explaining individual differences in these traits. For most phenotypes, influences of genetic factors fluctuate throughout development, with the exception of AP, for which genetic influences remain of similar magnitude. Changes in genetic influences parallel those in shared environmental influences, while nonshared environmental influences remain relatively constant. Around 10% to 20% of the variance is accounted for by parent-specific shared environment, which includes rater bias. For all phenotypes, stability throughout childhood is accounted for by genetic and shared environmental factors, while nonshared environmental influences are mainly age/measurement specific. About 15% of the phenotypic stability is accounted for by rater-specific shared environmental influences, which include rater bias. In conclusion, between ages 3 and 12 genetic factors are the most important cause of individual differences in emotional and behavioral problems.
Early Childhood Temperament and the Covariation Between Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior in School-Aged Children
Authors: Rhee Soo Hyun , Cosgrove Victoria E. , Schmitz Stephanie , Haberstick Brett C. , Corley Robin C. , Hewitt John K.
Published: February 2007

There is significant covariation between internalizing and externalizing behavior, although there is also evidence that internalizing behavior is a protective factor against externalizing behavior. Several researchers have posited that the examination of the relationship between temperament or personality and behavior problems may help explain these seemingly contradictory results. Specifically, negative emotionality or neuroticism has been cited as a temperament characteristic that internalizing and externalizing behavior share in common, whereas behavioral inhibition may be related only to internalizing behavior. We examined the degree to which the covariation between internalizing and externalizing behavior assessed from age 4 to 12 years can be explained by temperament characteristics assessed from age 14 to 36 months. Additionally, we assessed the extent to which this relationship is due to genetic or environmental factors, analyzing data from 225 monozygotic and 185 dizygotic twin pairs assessed by the Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study. In males, a portion of the covariation between internalizing and externalizing behavior was explained by shared environmental influences in common with emotionality and shared environmental influences in common with shyness. In females, most of the covariation between internalizing and externalizing behavior was explained by shared environmental influences in common with emotionality. A possible limitation of this study is that the covariation between temperament and behavior problems may be due to shared measurement variance, as parent ratings were used to assess both temperament and behavior problems.
The Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development (NEAD) Project: A Longitudinal Family Study of Twins and Siblings from Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Authors: Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Reiss David , Hetherington E. Mavis
Published: February 2007

The Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development (NEAD) project is a longitudinal study of twins/siblings and parents that has been assessed 3 times: middle adolescence, late adolescence and young adulthood (N = 720 families at Time 1). Siblings varied in degree of genetic relatedness including identical twins, fraternal twins, full siblings, half siblings and genetically unrelated (or step) siblings. There were also two family types: nondivorced and step. A multimeasure, multirater approach was taken in NEAD, with data collected from all participants (2 twins or siblings, mother and father) as well as from coded videotaped observations of family interactions. Detailed assessments of family relationships, adolescent adjustment and competence were collected at all 3 times. The original aim of NEAD was to identify systematic sources of nonshared environmental influences that contribute to differences among family members. Although systematic sources of nonshared environmental influences were not found in NEAD, three major sets of findings emerged: (1) genetic influences on family relationships and on associations between family relationships and adolescent adjustment; (2) genetic and environmental influences on adolescent adjustment, comorbidity and stability and change in adolescent adjustment from middle to late adolescence; and (3) genetic influences on relationships outside the family.
Twins' Early Development Study (TEDS): A Multivariate, Longitudinal Genetic Investigation of Language, Cognition and Behavior Problems from Childhood Through Adolescence
Authors: Oliver Bonamy R. , Plomin Robert
Published: February 2007

The Twins' Early Development Study (TEDS) is a large-scale longitudinal study of twins from early childhood through adolescence. Since its conception, TEDS has had as its focus the study of problematic development within the context of normal variation, mainly in the development of language, cognitive and academic abilities and behavior problems from multivariate quantitative and molecular genetic perspectives. TEDS twins have been assessed at 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10 and (currently) 12 years of age, and DNA collected from more than 12,000 children. Identified from birth records of twins born in the United Kingdom between 1994 and 1996, more than 15,000 pairs of twins originally enrolled in TEDS, and well over 13,000 pairs — representative of the UK population — remain involved in the study to date. Similar to many other twin and adoption studies, TEDS data indicate that both genetic and environmental influences are important in nearly all areas of behavioral development. Multivariate genetic analyses allow researchers to go beyond this basic nature–nurture question, and TEDS results suggest that, especially in the area of learning abilities and disabilities, genes are generalists and environments are specialists. That is, genes largely contribute to similarity in performance within and between learning abilities and disabilities and across age, whereas the environment contributes to differences in performance. Quantitative genetic findings such as these chart the course for molecular genetic research. The TEDS dataset is proving valuable in genome-wide association research that tries to identify some of the many genes responsible for the ubiquitous heritability of behavior.
Book Review
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey L.
Published: February 2007

Crafting Tradition: The Making and Marketing of Oaxacan Wood Carvings. Michael Chibnik. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003. xv + 266pp., photographs, maps, tables, epilogue, references cited, index
Book Review
Authors: Lee Christopher
Published: February 2007

Beyond Hindu and Muslim: Multiple Identity in Narratives from Village India. Peter Gottschalk. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. xviii + 215pp., transliteration guide, maps, photographs, glossary, bibliography, index.
Book Review
Authors: Nakamura Karen
Published: February 2007

Sisters and Lovers: Women and Desire in Bali. Megan Jennaway. Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002. xx + 309pp., maps, photographs, tables, appendixes, glossary, bibliography, index
Book Review
Authors: Quinn E. Moore
Published: February 2007

An Irish Working Class: Explorations in Political Economy and Hegemony, 1800–1950. Marilyn Silverman. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001. xiii + 566pp., maps, tables, figures, notes, bibliography, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Deshen Shlomo
Published: February 2007

Jewish Russians: Upheavals in. Moscow Synagogue. Sascha L. Goluboff. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003. 208pp., map, photographs, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Olson Julia
Published: February 2007

Fishers at Work, Workers at Sea:. Puerto Rican Journey through Labor and Refuge. David Griffith and Manuel Valdes Pizzini. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2002. ix + 265pp., photographs, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Lipset David
Published: February 2007

Secrecy and Cultural Reality: Utopian Ideologies of the New Guinea Men's House. Gilbert Herdt. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003. xviii + 269pp., photographs, map, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Kwachka Patricia B.
Published: February 2007

Faith, Foodo and Family in. Yupik Whaling Community. Carol Z. Jolles with Elinor Mikaghaq Oozeve, Elder Advisor. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002. xi + 364pp., maps, photographs, charts, appendix, glossary, bibliography, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Clark A. Kim
Published: February 2007

Andean Entrepreneurs: Otavalo Merchants and Musicians in the Global Arena. Lynn A. Meisch. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002. xiv + 314pp., maps, photographs, tables, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Peterson Mark Allen
Published: February 2007

Speech Play and Verbal Art. Joel Sherzer. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002. ix + l86pp., notes, references, credits, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Bloch Alexia
Published: February 2007

Identity and Ecology in Arctic Siberia: The Number One Reindeer Brigade. David G. Anderson. Oxford University Press, 2000. x + 253pp., illustrated, maps, appendix, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Blommaert Jan
Published: February 2007

Voices of Modernity: Language Ideologies and Politics of Inequality. Richard Baumann, and Charles L. Briggs Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. xv + 356pp., illustrations, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Carrier James G.
Published: February 2007

Harvesting Development: The Construction of Fresh Food Markets in Papua New Guinea. Karl Benediktsson. University of Michigan Press, 2002. xii + 308pp., maps, plates, tables, glossary, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Willett Gudrun
Published: February 2007

Romance on. Global Stage: Pen Pals, Virtual Ethnography, and “Mail Order” Marriages. Nicole Constable. University of California Press, 2003. x + 283pp., notes, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Ulin Robert C.
Published: February 2007

Available Light: Anthropological Reflections on Philosophical Topics. Clifford Geertz. Princeton University Press, 2000. xvi + 271pp., preface, acknowledgments, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Weil Jim
Published: February 2007

The Body Impolitic: Artisans and Artifice in the Global Hierarchy of Value. Michael Herzfeld. University of Chicago Press, 2004. xi + 269pp., illustrated, notes, bibliography, index
Book Reviews
Authors: O'Neill Kevin Lewis
Published: February 2007

Annihilating Difference: The Anthropology of Genocide. Alexander Laban Hinton, ed., with forward by Kenneth Roth. University of California Press, 2002. xiv + 405pp., illustrated, contributors, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Ramirez Michelle
Published: February 2007

A Courtship after Marriage: Sexuality and Love in Mexican Transnational Families. Jennifer Hirsch. University of California Press, 2003. xxi + 376pp., illustrated, tables, notes, glossary, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Urla Jacqueline
Published: February 2007

Census and Identity: The Politics of Race, Ethnicity, and Language in National Censuses. David I. Kertzer and Dominique Arel, eds. Cambridge University Press, 2002. xi + 210pp., references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Babb Lawrence A.
Published: February 2007

Women in Ochre Robes: Gendering Hindu Renunciation. Meena Khondelwal. State University of New York Press, 2004. xi + 239pp., notes, glossary, works cited, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Werner Cynthia
Published: February 2007

Markets and Moralities: Ethnographies of Postsocialism. Ruth Mandel and Caroline Humphrey eds. Berg, 2002. xiii + 240pp., notes, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Maxwell Judith M.
Published: February 2007

Rabinal Achi:. Mayan Drama of War and Sacrifice. Dennis Tedlock. Oxford University Press, 2003. viii + 361pp., maps, illustrated, notes on pronunciation, notes, glossary, bibliography
Book Reviews
Authors: Azoulay Katya Gibel
Published: February 2007

Crossroads, Directions and. New Critical Race Theory. Francisco Valdes Jerome McCristal Culp, and Angela P. Harris, eds. Temple University Press, 2002. xxi + 414pp., references
Book Reviews
Authors: Fuller Norma
Published: February 2007

Cholas and Pishtacos: Stories of Race and Sex in the Andes. Mary Weismantel, with forward by Catharine R. Stimpson. University of Chicago Press, 2001. xlii + 326pp., illustrated, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Kiesling Scott
Published: February 2007

Misogyny: The Male Malady. David D. Gilmore. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001. xiii + 253pp., illustrated, glossary, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Doughty Paul L.
Published: February 2007

Deconstructing Development Discourse in Peru:. Meta‐Ethnography of the Modernity Project at Vicos. William W. Stein. New York: University Press of America, 2003. xxii + 536pp., references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Miles Ann
Published: February 2007

Millennial Ecuador: Critical Essays on Cultural Transformations & Social Dynamics. Norman E. Whitten Jr., ed. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2003. xvii + 417pp., illustrated, notes, glossary, appendix, contributors, index
Book Review
Authors: Anderson David G.
Published: February 2007

Red Ties and Residential Schools: Indigenous Siberians in a Post‐Soviet State. Alexia Bloch. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004. xxiii + 235pp., illustrated, notes, bibliography, index
Book Review
Authors: Starn Orin
Published: February 2007

Who Owns Native Culture?. Michael F. Brown. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. xiii + 315pp., photographs, notes, sources on Indigenous Cultural Rights, references, index
Book Review
Authors: Meisch Lynn A.
Published: February 2007

Crafts, Capitalism, and Women: The Potters of La Chamba, Colombia. Ronald J. Duncan. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. viii + 252pp., maps, photographs, figures, tables, glossary, bibliography, index.
Book Review
Authors: Leve Lauren
Published: February 2007

Many Tongues, One People: The Making of Tharu Identity in Nepal. Arjun Guneratne. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002. ix + 236pp., figures, maps, tables, notes, bibliography, index.
Book Review
Authors: Khandelwal Meena
Published: February 2007

Our Women are Free: Gender and Ethnicity in the Hindukush. Wynne Maggi. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001. xxi + 266pp., drawings, color photographs, glossary, notes, references, index.
Book Review
Authors: Higgins Michael J.
Published: February 2007

Migration, Mujercitas, and Medicine Men: Living in Urban Mexico. Valentina Napolitano. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. xvi + 240pp., maps, photographs, lists of abbreviations, appendix, notes, bibliography, index
Book Review
Authors: Trichur Raghuraman S.
Published: February 2007

Locating Capitalism in Time and Space: Global Restructurings, Politics, and Identity. David Nugent ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002. xiv + 349pp., notes, references, index.
Book Review
Authors: Silverman Sydel
Published: February 2007

Leslie A. White: Evolution and Revolution in Anthropology. William J.: Peace. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004. xviii + 282pp., illustrated, notes, bibliography, index
Book Review
Authors: Brenner Suzanne
Published: February 2007

Raiding the Land of the Foreigners: The Limits of the Nation on an Indonesian Frontier. Danilyn Rutherford. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003. xxii+ 296pp., maps, photographs, illustrations, notes, glossary, references, index
Book Review
Authors: Silverstein Paul A.
Published: February 2007

Generous Betrayal: Politics of Culture in the New Europe. Unni Wikan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002. xv + 293pp., notes, references, index
Book Review
Authors: Rutz Henry J.
Published: February 2007

The Marketing Era: From Professional Practice to Global Provisioning. Kalman Applbaum. New York: Routledge, 2004. x + 283pp., figures, tables, references, index.
Book Review
Authors: Ahmed Akbar S.
Published: February 2007

The Pathan Unarmed: Opposition & Memory in the North West Frontier. Mukulika Banerjee. Oxford: James Currey; New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000. x + 238pp., map, photographs, glossary, references, index
Book Review
Authors: Mars Leonard
Published: February 2007

Symptoms of Modernity: Jews and Queers in Late‐Twentieth‐Century Vienna. Matti Bunzl. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. xli + 292pp., notes, references, index.
Book Review
Authors: Napier A. David
Published: February 2007

Culture and Rights: Anthropological Perspectives. Jane K. Cowan Marie‐Bénédicte Dembour and Richard A. Wilson, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. xiv + 258pp., references, index
Book Review
Authors: Trager Lillian
Published: February 2007

Expectations of Modernity: Myths and Meanings of Urban Life on the Zambian Copperbelt. James Ferguson. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. xvii + 326pp., maps, photographs, figures, tables, references, index.
Book Review
Authors: Jones Kimberly M.
Published: February 2007

Laughter out of Place: Race, Class, Violence, and Sexuatity in a Rio Shantytown. Donna M. Goldstein. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. xxiii + 349pp., maps, photographs, table, notes, glossary, bibliography, index.
Book Review
Authors: Evans Mike
Published: February 2007

Tongans Overseas: Between Two Shores. Helen Morton Lee. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2003. ix+ 326pp., photographs, tables, appendices, notes, references, index
Book Review
Authors: Schirmer Jennifer
Published: February 2007

Paradise in Ashes: A Guatemalan Journey of Courage, Terroro and Hope. Beatriz Manz with aforeword by Aryeh Neier Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. xi + 311pp., maps, photographs, notes, bibliography and index.
Book Review
Authors: Salamone Frank A.
Published: February 2007

Catechizing Culture: Missionaries, Aymara, and the “New Evangelization”. Andrew Orta. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. xii + 358pp., maps, photographs, table, glossary, references, index.
Book Review
Authors: Lindholm Charles
Published: February 2007

The Culture of Islam: Changing Aspects of Contemporary Muslim Life. Lawrence Rosen. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002. xvii + 230pp., index
Book Review
Authors: French Brigittine
Published: February 2007

Buried Secrets: Truth and Human Rights in Guatemala. Victoria Sanford. New York: Palgrave, 2003. ix + 313pp., list of abbreviations, photographs, maps, notes, index.
Book Review
Authors: Baker‐Cristales Beth
Published: February 2007

Latino Crossings: Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and the Politics of Race and Citizenship. Nicholas De Genova and Anna Y. Ramos‐Zayas. New York: Routledge, 2003. ix + 257pp., map, notes, references, index.
Book Review
Authors: Starrett Gregory
Published: February 2007

Remaking the Modern: Space, Relocation, and the Politics of Identity in Global Cairo. Farsha Ghannam. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. xii + 214pp., photographs, illustrations, map, notes, bibliography, index.
Book Review
Authors: Goluboff Sascha
Published: February 2007

Jewish Passages: Cycles of Jewish Life. Harvey E. Goldberg. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. xiii + 379pp., illustrations, appendixes, notes, glossary, index.
Book Review
Authors: SturtzSreetharan Cindy L.
Published: February 2007

Changing Men and Masculinities in Latin America. Matthew C. Gutmann ed. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003. xi + 417pp., notes, contributers, index.
Book Review
Authors: Powers Willow
Published: February 2007

The Culture of Tourism, the Tourism of Culture: Selling the Past to the Present in the American Southwest. Hal K. Rothman ed. Albuquergue: University of New Mexico Press, 2003. xi + 250pp., illustrated, list of contributors, index.
Book Review
Authors: Marcus George E.
Published: February 2007

Producing Culture and Capital: Family Firms in Italy. Sylvia Junko Yanagisako. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002. xv + 223pp., figures, tables, notes, references, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Concordia Nigel Rapport
Published: February 2007

Dropping Anchor, Setting Sail: Geographies of Race in Black Liverpool. Jacqueline Nassy Brown. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. xiii + 306 pp., notes, references, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lutz Catherine
Published: February 2007

The School of the Americas: Military Training and Political Violence in the Americas. Lesley Gill. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004. xviii + 281pp., illustrations, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Lozada Eriberto P.
Published: February 2007

God in Chinatown: Religion and Survival in New York's Evolving Immigrant Community. Kenneth J. Guest. New York: New York University Press, 2003. xi + 225pp., map, photographs, tables, references, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Haugerud Angelique
Published: February 2007

Marginal Gains: Monetary Transactions in Atlantic Africa. Jane I. Guyer, with. foreword by Anthony T. Carter. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. xi + 207pp., appendix, references, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bosworth Mary
Published: February 2007

Criminal Woman, the Prostitute, and the Normal Woman. Cesare Lombroso and Guglielmo Ferrero Translated by Nicole Hahn Rafter and Mary Gibson. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004. xiv + 304pp., photographs, tables, appendix, glossary, references, index.
Rhetoric and the Invention of Double Entry Bookkeeping
Authors: Aho James A.
Published: February 2007

If he [the merchant] be fortunate it [i.e. double-entry bookkeeping] satisfies the world of his just dealing, and is the fairest and best Apologies of his innocence and honesty to the World, and Contributes exceedingly to the satisfaction of all his friends and well-wishers, and to the Confutation and silencing of all his malevolent and detracting enemies, and proves the great cause to bring him to a most favourable Composition with his Creditor: whereas those that are ignorant of it, in such a Condition are censured by all, when they have nothing to show but bare words to vindicate themselves.
The Study of Byzantine Rhetoric in Central and Eastern Europe: Selected Problems
Authors: Cichocka Helena
Published: February 2007

Abstract: This survey of Central and Eastern European scholarship begins by placing rhetoric in relation to poetics and literary theory,then examines work on Byzantine rhetoric within this framework. The most striking feature of this scholarship is its formalistic tendency, which is seen above all in the works of such Russian scholars as S. Averinčev, M. Gasparov, and G. Kurbatov, but the same tendency is also evident in Polish studies on the theory of prose composition.
The Influence of the Venerable Bede on the Fourteenth-Century Occitan Treatise Las Leys d'Amors
Authors: Fraser Veronica
Published: February 2007

Abstract: This essay begins by focusing on Bede's De schematibus et tropis, which adds considerably to its two principal sources, Donatus and Cassiodorus. Bede's work in turn was a major source for the fourteenth-century Occitan work known as the Leys d'Amors,whose author in turn amplified what he found in Bede, especially in his treatment of the tropes in Book IV. The essay concludes by explaining the choice of Bede as a source for the Leys in terms of the political and religious history of the period.
Eberhard the German and the Labyrinth of Learning: Grammar, Poesy, Rhetoric, and Pedagogy in Laborintus
Authors: Purcell William M.
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Eberhard the German's Laborintus, the first of the artes poetriae to be printed, has received comparatively little scholarly attention. Both Kelly and Murphy have noticed that the work conveys a pedagogical emphasis. This essay, however, demonstrates that Laborintusis not merely a manual for teachers of verse. Rather, the work is a delightful maze of verse, grammar, and rhetoric, a labyrinth of learning containing an allegorical account of grammar,poesy, and rhetoric. On one level, the rhetorical figures are used as inventional schemes for the composition of verse in proper meter. However, the examples used in Eberhard's account of the rhetorical figures also contain Christian homilies on faith and action that are exemplary primers for teachers. The homilies in tum underscore Eberhard's pedagogical theory, which is ultimately the key to his labyrinth.
The Polis as Rhetorical Community
Authors: Miller Carolyn R.
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Although “community” has become an important critical concept in contemporary rhetoric, it is only implicit in ancient rhetorics. In the rhetorical thought of the sophists, Plato, and Aristotle, the polis stands as a presupposition that was both fundamental and troublesome. Various relationships between the faculty of speech and the social order are revealed in different tellings of the history of civilization by Protagoras, Plato, and Aristotle, as well as in more formal discussions of rhetoric and politics. These ancient disagreements about the nature of community can help us reformulate the current debate between liberalism and communitarianism. A rhetorical community as a site of contention can be both pluralist and normative.
Baldesar Castiglione, Thomas Wilson, and the Courtly Body of Renaissance Rhetoric
Authors: Rebhorn Wayne A.
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Historically, the Renaissance marks a transformation in wfiich the elite classes come to define themselves by their aesthetic refinement, taste, and good manners. Accompanying this change is a special vision of the human body which is distinguished from that of artisans and peasants. This opposition has been described by Bakhtin as one between the classical body and the grotesque one, and it appears in the most unportant book for the Renaissance redefinition of the upper classes, Castiglione's II libro del cortegiano. Castiglione's view of the body actually derives from the rhetorical tradition of antiquity, in particular from Quintilian and Cicero's De oratore. A similar view appears in the works of Renaissance rhetoricians and can usefully be illustrated by analysis of Thomas Wilson's The Arte of Rhetorique (1553), although the latter also retains a vision of the grotesque body as a result of the ambiguous social position of its author.
A Distinction No Longer of Use: Evolutionary Discourse and the Disappearance of the Trope/Figure Binarism
Authors: Sharon-Zisser Shirley
Published: February 2007

Abstract: The concem with progress and utility is shared by nineteenth-century scientists, philosophers, and rhetoricians, leading to significant correspondences among their discourses. This concern is manifest, for example, in the way in which several rhetorical treatises of the nineteenth century regard the distinction between a figure and a trope, which had been a common part of rhetorical theory since the time of Quintilian, as useless and anachronistic. By examining three nineteenth-century articulations of the justifications for erasing the trope/figure distinction from the cultural repertoire, this essay reveals structural and semantic parallels between these rhetorical treatises and the discourses of evolution and utilitarianism. Thus, the essay locates the source of the synonymity which the terms “trope” and “figure” have acquired in contemporary critical metalanguage in Victorian ideologies of progress and of the unprofitability and consequent discardability of the ancient.
Rhetoric for Seventeenth-Century Salons: Beata Rosenhane's Exercise Books and Classical Rhetoric
Authors: Hansson Stina
Published: February 2007

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to show, by examining the exercise books of Beata Rosenhane, how a woman of the salons was educated in the mid-seventeenth century, to compare her learning to that of boys from the same period, and by doing this, to give a brief description of a little-noticed species of rhetorical training—the methods and means used for preparing young girls to take part in the rhetorical practices of the salons. The essay shows that different rhetorical repertoires existed during the seventeenth century according to the different futures envisioned for various groups of students,and that changes in the understanding of rhetoric as a field have obscured the accomplishments of women trained to meet the demands of the salon.
A Rhetorical Ontology for Modern Science
Authors: Schollmeier Paul
Published: February 2007

Abstract: In this paper I wish to ask whether philosophers have good grounds for elaborating rhetorics of science. By doing so they might seem to deny the distinction between the theoretical intellect and the practical intellect, which traditionally have reigned over scientific discourse and rhetorical discourse, respectively. I shall suggest that philosophers of rhetoric do indeed have a warrant for developing their rhetorics of science. We shall assume with Aristotle that we may distinguish the theoretical from the practical intellect by distinguishing objects which cannot be other than they are from objects which can be other than they are. What we shall find is that a stalwart of British empiricism, John Stuart Mill, develops a philosophy of science concerned with objects which can be other than they are. Mill thus provides us with an ontological justification for our new rhetorics of science.
Towards a Theory of Vivid Description as Practiced in Cicero's Verrine Oration
Authors: Innocenti Beth
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Ancient Roman rhetoricians do not offer a systematic theory of vivid description in their rhetorical treatises, perhaps because it was treated at the early stages of a student's education and because it may be produced in various ways to achieve various purposes. After examining the references to vivid description scattered throughout ancient rhetorical treatises in discussions of style, amplification, narration, and proof, as well as Cicero's use of the tectinique in the Verrine orations, I suggest precepts which may have guided the means by and ends for which vivid descriptions are produced.
The Concept of Nature and Human Nature in Quintilian's Psychology and Theory of Instruction
Authors: Fantham Elaine
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Abstract: Nature is a highly tendentious Word and was already so in the time of Quintilian. Since the Stoic ideal was "to live according to Nature," the concept can be invoked persuasively in every phase of education. But Nature had other regular functions in rhetoric: to demarcate innate talent from acquired skill (Natura vs. Ars); to distinguish reality, the outside world, from verbal imitation; and to privilege preferred patterns of argumentation. These competing uses lead to inconsistencies, especially in presenting the relationship between Nature and imitation. The purpose of this paper is to detect these contradictions and illustrate the assumptions that underlie them in Quintilian's tieatment of invention, organization, and expression.
Sons and Fathers in the Major Declamations Ascribed to Quintilian
Authors: Sussman Lewis A.
Published: February 2007

Abstract: A major focus of the school themes in the collections of Roman declamations knowrn as controversiae (practice court cases) is the period of a young man's adolescence, and especially his relationship with his father during this period. In part this can be explained because teachers in the private schools of rhetoric selected themes that naturally appealed to their students—male adolescents in their mid and late teens. This focus is especially notable in the Major Declamations, and since they are the only full examples of controversiae,the phenomenon can most easily be explored in reference to this werk. In its nineteen declamations youths are generally portrayed sympathetically, in contrast to their fathers who are often cruel and harsh. Relations between the two are generally very strained. The themes were popular because they reflected the reality of growing up in a paternally dominated society where fathers had absolute power(even of life and death) over their sons. These declamations therefore had a cathartic effect and escapist value fer Roman teenaged boys,who could vent or explore in legitimate and acceptable ways their repressed, pent-up, and often hostile feelings toward their fathers. The declamations therefore provide an important resource, when used judiciously, for associating social history with the history of rhetoric.
Quintilian as Ancient Thinker
Authors: Cranz F. Edward
Published: February 2007

Abstract: This essay presents Quintilian as representative of the ancient categories of thought, in contrast to the medieval-modem one which emerged in the generations of Anselm and Abelard. Quintilian works in the first place with an exhaustive dualism of words and res: res span both what is outside the mind and what is taken into the mind, so that for him there is no medieval-modern trichotomy of words, meanings, and things. In the second place, for Quintilian the primary function of the mind is to take the outside world into itself, while in the medieval-modern context the primary function of mind is to make up meanings by which to think about things outside the mind.
Quintilian in Czech Philological Thought
Authors: Kraus Jiři
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Czech humanism drew its ideal of the active citizen who is both eloquent and virtuous from Quintilian, who exercised a significant influence in Czech culture. This paper traces the outlines of that influence, beginning with Hus and Comenius and extending through the Enlightenment to the Prague linguistic circle of the twentieth century.
Cicero and the Rhetoric of Imperialism: Putting the Politics Back into Political Rhetoric
Authors: Rose Peter
Published: February 2007

Abstract: This paper examines Cicero's relation to Roman imperialism by focusing primarily upon his speech in behalf of Pompey's special command against Mithradates (Pro lege Manilia, 66 BC) and his speech in favor of extending Caesar's command in Gaul (De provinciis consularibus, 56 BC). These two moments in which Cicero contributed substantially to the empowerment of the two great imperialist generais who destroyed the Republic suggest the need to reassess versions of Cicero's career which see film primarily in terms of domestic Roman politics and cast him as the heroic, would-be savior of the Republic. Applying a Marxist reading particularly indebted to Pierre Macherey, I try to explore the internal contradictions of the texts as pointers to the contradictions of late Republican society, contradictions which constitute the very conditions of possibility for Cicero's political participation.
Border Crossings: Intersections of Rhetoric and Feminism
Authors: Ede Lisa , Glenn Cheryl , Lunsford Andrea
Published: February 2007

Abstract: In this essay, we explore the intersections of rhetoric and feminism and the resulting transformations to both disciplines. Rhetoric offers feminism a vibrant process of inquiring, organizing, and thinking, as well as a theorized space to talk about effective communication; feminism offers rhetoric a reason to bridge differences, to include, and to empower, as well as a politicized space to discuss rhetorical values. The fraditional rhetorical canons, with their enthymematic familiarity, mark the sections of this essay, for they emphasize the mutually heuristic nature of the border crossings between these two disdplines. Although the linearity of print demands that we treat the canons consecutively, they, nevertheless, have a tendency to overlap and interact. Our discussions of arrangement, style, and delivery, for instance, both assume and depend upon a rethinking of invention and memory—a rethinking that recognizes the role that both these canons play in current efforts to reconceptualize and reenact what it means to know, speak, and write. As our essay argues, such attention to what we speak about, and how and why we speak, urges ail of us not only to continued exploration and interrogation but also to a renewed responsibility for our professional and personal discursive acts.
Die Rhetorik des Streitens. Ein Vergleich der Beiträge Philipp Melanchthons mit Ansätzen der modernen Kommunikationstheorie
Authors: Bauer Barbara
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Die Analyse ausgewählter Beispiele aus der Kontroversliteratur der Reformationszeit soll rhetorik- und politikgesehichtliche Prolegomena zu einer Theorie und Praxis der Rhetorik des Streitens liefem. Es wird vorgeführt, wie sich Philipp Melanchthons Ziel, die altgläubigen Gegner von der Wahrheit der evangelischen Lehre zu überzeugen, und entsprechende Gesprächsstrategien in seiner Rhetorik und Dialektik niederschlugen und worin die von den konfessionellen Widersaehern diagnostizierten Mängel seiner Überzeugungsstrategie bestanden. Mit Hilfe der modernen Kommunikationstheorie wird der aktuelle Verlauf der Religionsverhandlungen von 1521 bis 1541 ais Dreischrittfolge vom machtbestimmten, ungleichgewichtigen Diskurs über die Vision eines herrsehaftsfreien Diskurses bis zum Scheitern einer Verständigung zugunsten der Spraehe der Macht nachgezeichnet. Drei Kommunikationsversuehe zwischen Protestanten und Katholiken, die hier hauptsäehlieh aus der Perspektive Melanchthons rekonstruiert werden, dienen zur lllustration: A: Die Condamnatio lutheriseher Thesen von Pariser Theologen 1521; B: Die Confessio Augustana, ihre katholische Confutatio, der Recessus des Kaisers im Reichstagsabschied, Melanchthons Apologia confessionis 1530/31 und Johann Coehlaeus' Philippiken gegen die Apologia; C: Die Stellungrwhmen Melanchthons und seiner katholischen Opponenten zum Regensburger Buch 1541
“Wherein hath Ramus been so offensious?”: Poetic Examples in the English Ramist Logic Manuals (1574-1672)
Authors: Goeglein Tamara A.
Published: February 2007

Abstract: The logic manuals of Peter Ramus (Pierre de la Ramée, 1515-72) enjoyed a wridespread pedagogical sueeess in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, especially in Protestant England. Historians of dialectical studies have judged these manuals, and Ramist dialectic more generally, as purveying a vitiated form of Aristotelian logic because the manuals cite examples frem poetry to illustrate logical principles and axioms. The semantics of Ramist method, however, blurs the neat line between literal and figurative language. A semiotie analysis of Ramist dialectic suggests that the oppesitien between logical discourse and poetic discourse is net stable and that Ramist logie is fundamentally representative or “poetic.”
Ideology as the Ethos of the Nation State
Authors: Hunter Lynette
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Ideology can be considered the ethos of the modern, liberal, democratic, capitalist nation state. Working from the descriptions of political ethos in Aristotle's Rhetoric, Tapies, and Politics, the differences from and similarities to post-Renaissance political structures underline the modern insistence on ways to stabilise the representation of the group in power, giving it its veil of authority, as well as ways to stabilise the description or definition of the individual within the nation. Looking at a number of contemporary commentaries from both political theory and cultural studies, the essay elaborates the rhetoric necessary to constitute ideology as the ethos of the nation state, and goes on to detail some of the constraints on the individual who, in gaining access to power, becomes subject to that state. The rhetoric of ideology provides not only an ethos for the character of the group in power, but also a set of guidelines for establishing a spedfic responsive state in the audience, an ethics of pathos. Its ethos is a strategy that imposes a strategy. The circularity of this ethos marks many of the analyses undertaken by current theory, and it has only recently been challenged by, among others, feminist historians of rhetoric. The discussion moves to a point where it asks: given that multinational and transnational corporations now share with the nation state the regularisation of capitalist exploitation, is ideology effective as a political rhetoric any more? Who is the wife of the nation state? And, what is the ethos of the multinational?
Before the Beginnings of “Poetry” and “Rhetoric”: Hesiod on Eloquence
Authors: Walker Jeffrey
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Traditional histories of rhetoric assume that the practical oratory of lawcourts and political assemblies is the “primary,” original form of rhetoric in its “preconceptual” or predisciplinary origins in archaic Greece. Hesiod's “Hymn to the Muses,” however, presents both prince and bard as practicing an art of psychagogic suasion, and presents the prince's discursive power as dependent on, and derived from, the paradigms of eloquence and wisdom embodied in the epideictic/poetic discourse of the bard: epideictic is the “primary” form of “rhetoric” in Hesiod's world. Hesiod's account agrees with what is known about the discursive practices of oral/traditional societies worldwide.
“Si dictare velis”: Versified Artes dictandi and Late Medieval Writing Pedagogy
Authors: Camargo Martin
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Among the hundreds of medieval treatises on letter writing (artes dictandi) are at least four that are written entirely in hexameter verse. Moreover, the verse treatises by Jupiter Monoculus and Otto of Lüneburg are preserved in dozens of fourteenth- and fifteenth-century manuscripts, where they are usually accompanied by commentaries. The surprising popularity of these texts is due in part to their curricular association with the most successful general composition textbook of the Middle Ages, Geoffrey of Vinsauf's Poetria nova, which is also written in hexameters. In addition, they served the same pedagogical functions as the verses that are embedded in many prose artes dictandi: they give pleasure through variety, they provide concise summaries of doctrine, and they facilitate memorization through the use of meter and (often) rhyme.
Metaphor and Definition in Vico's New Science
Authors: Gross Daniel M.
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Vico's theory of metaphor is best understood as a monster in the tradition of classical rhetorical invention. It is the mutant offspring of metaphor characterized as “necessary” (an “ear” of com, for example) and metaphor characterized in terms of analogy. From the perspective of his method. Vico marries these apparently incompatible forms inherited from Aristotle and thereby identifies a third type of linguistic metaphor. I argue that the metaphor identifies a stipulatory definition taken out of context. In order to situate this claim, I outline Vico's genetic analysis and elaborate in general terms what metaphor and definition share. Most importantly. Vico insists that beings, actions, and events are linguistically identified in some particular diseursive context. Indeed, in many cases that context alone determines whether the expression can be called a definition or a metaphor. Like Cicero's ideal jurist, Vico's hero employs motivated words and realizes possibilities available to common sense. Henee Vico's theory of metaphor is both “constructivist”—language has the power to makes things—and “humartist”—it must do so in a form appropriate to history and culture. Vico's theory is consequently important to us because it challenges the proper/figurative distinction championed in the philosophy of language and adds a pragmatic dimension to contemporary views of metaphor at work in literary theory.
“Discordant Consensus”: Old and New Rhetoric at Trinity College, Dublin
Authors: Moss Jean Dietz
Published: February 2007

Abstract: The teaching and practice of rhetoric at Trinity College, Dublin, in the eighteenth century have been little discussed in the literature. This article describes the curriculum and pedagogy related to the old and “new rhetoric” of the Scottish enlightenment as disclosed by documents in the archives of Trinity College Library; the published lectures of two Erasmus Smith Professors of Oratory and History, John Lawson and Thomas Leland; and the lectures of Thomas Sheridan on elocution. Minutes of the student historical clubs in which debates and harangues are preserved illustrate the interests of the students, their techniques of debate, and the demonstrative exhortations of their officers. The student orations chronicle the gradual absorption of the principles of the new rhetoric at the College.
Moderation, Religion, and Public Discourse: The Rhetoric of Occasional Conformity in England, 1697-1711
Authors: Sarkela Sandra J.
Published: February 2007

Abstract: This paper analyzes the rhetoric of the eighteenthcentury English debate over occasional conformity in order to develop a better understanding of how persuasive appeals to moderation were used in this particular case. This debate is noteworthy because it reveais how the eighteenth-century veneration of moderation was influeneed by the seventeenth-century Protestant reading of the New Testament. This understanding of moderation led to some of the first arguments suggesting a need for separation of church and state. Further, this example extends our theoretical understanding of moderate rhetoric when we observe its use as a justification for social change.
“De sermone sermonem fecimus”: Alexander of Ashby's De artificioso modo predicandi
Authors: Donavin Georgiana
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Alexander of Ashby's De artifldoso modo predicandi has the distinction of being the first medieval sermon rhetoric since the De doctrina Christiana to apply classical rhetorical terms to preaching. The text ineludes a dedicatory prologue to Alexander's abbot (of the Augustinian canons at Ashby), the treatise proper on a sermon's construction, and five sample sermons. In contradistinction to current formalist descriptions of the De artificioso modo predicandi, this essay focuses on its audience awareness. I argue that the historical importance of this treatise lies not merely in its revival of classical terminology, but also in its theorization of rhetorical scenes in which classical teachings might apply to the sermon.
Grounds of Assent in Joseph Priestley's A Course of Lectures on Oratory and Criticism
Authors: George Ann L.
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Despite Joseph Priestley's contemporary importance, little has been written on his rhetoric, A Course of Lectures on Oratory and Criticism (1762). Most commentators group him with the other new rhetoricians Smith, Campbell, and Blair, ignoring the philosophical foundations as well as the political and educational practices that informed Priestley's rhetorical theory. Located within a larger context of reform and a specific rhetorical situation at Warrington Academy, Priestley's Lectures illustrate his attempt to establish rational argument as the most compelling way for Dissenters to argue for religious and civil liberty, a goal that clearly distinguishes Priestley from his Scottish contemporaries and that marks the source of his most original contributions to eighteenth-century rhetoric.