bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating first-order molecular properties of delocalized ionic or excited states in molecular aggregates by renormalized excitonic method
Authors: Liu Yun-hao , Wang Ke , Ma Hai-bo
Published: October 2021

In the past few years, the renormalized excitonic model (REM) approach was developed as an efficient low-scaling ab initio excited state method, which assumes the low-lying excited states of the whole system are a linear combination of various single monomer excitations and utilizes the effective Hamiltonian theory to derive their couplings. In this work, we further extend the REM calculations for the evaluations of first-order molecular properties (e.g. charge population and transition dipole moment) of delocalized ionic or excited states in molecular aggregates, through generalizing the effective Hamiltonian theory to effective operator representation. Results from the test calculations for four different kinds of one dimensional (1D) molecular aggregates (ammonia, formaldehyde, ethylene and pyrrole) indicate that our new scheme can efficiently describe not only the energies but also wavefunction properties of the low-lying delocalized electronic states in large systems.
Synthesis of nanomaterials by electrode erosion using discharges in liquids
Authors: Nominé A. V. , Gries Th. , Noel C. , Nominé A. , Milichko V. , Belmonte T.
Published: October 2021

Discharges in liquids are very efficient to synthesize nanoparticles by electrode erosion. This simple process is only simple in appearance. Mechanisms responsible for the production of nanoparticles are several depending on the choice of process parameters. They determine size distributions, shapes, composition, and defects of produced particles. They also control their possible assembly into more complex structures. This article describes the basic physics of nanoparticles’ synthesis by discharges in liquids using electrodes and gives a summary of the research efforts that have been devoted to the understanding of this process. A special attention is paid to thermodynamics of these systems driven by discharges that are at or close to local equilibrium. Although a complete picture is not available yet, huge progress has been made and offers new capabilities for a better control of these kinds of processes. Finally, among important challenges that are still to tackle, the possibility of forming nanoalloys from immiscible elements or achieving unimodal monodisperse size distributions is questioned from the current mastery reached in this field.
Construction of 3D hierarchical tissue platforms for modeling diabetes
Authors: Kim Myungji , Jang Jinah
Published: October 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most serious systemic diseases worldwide, and the majority of DM patients face severe complications. However, many of underlying disease mechanisms related to these complications are difficult to understand with the use of currently available animal models. With the urgent need to fundamentally understand DM pathology, a variety of 3D biomimetic platforms have been generated by the convergence of biofabrication and tissue engineering strategies for the potent drug screening platform of pre-clinical research. Here, we suggest key requirements for the fabrication of physiomimetic tissue models in terms of recapitulating the cellular organization, creating native 3D microenvironmental niches for targeted tissue using biomaterials, and applying biofabrication technologies to implement tissue-specific geometries. We also provide an overview of various in vitro DM models, from a cellular level to complex living systems, which have been developed using various bioengineering approaches. Moreover, we aim to discuss the roadblocks facing in vitro tissue models and end with an outlook for future DM research.
Polarization-induced 2D hole gases in pseudomorphic undoped GaN/AlN heterostructures on single-crystal AlN substrates
Authors: Zhang Zexuan , Encomendero Jimy , Chaudhuri Reet , Cho Yongjin , Protasenko Vladimir , Nomoto Kazuki , Lee Kevin , Toita Masato , Xing Huili Grace , Jena Debdeep
Published: October 2021

A high-conductivity two-dimensional (2D) hole gas is the enabler of wide-bandgap p-channel transistors. Compared to commonly used AlN template substrates with high dislocation densities, the recently available single-crystal AlN substrates are promising to boost the speed and power handling capability of p-channel transistors based on GaN/AlN 2D hole gases (2DHGs) thanks to the much lower dislocation densities and the absence of thermal boundary resistance. Using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, we report the observation of polarization-induced high-density 2DHGs in undoped pseudomorphic GaN/AlN heterostructures on the single-crystal AlN substrates with high structural quality and atomic steps on the surface. The high-density 2DHG persists down to cryogenic temperatures with a record high mobility exceeding 280 cm2/V s and a density of 2.2 × 1013/cm2 at 10 K. These results shed light on aspects of improving 2D hole mobilities and indicate significant potential of GaN/AlN 2DHG grown on bulk AlN substrates for future high performance wide-bandgap p-channel transistors.
Design considerations of intra-step SiGeSn/GeSn quantum well electroabsorption modulators
Authors: Chen Zhichao , Ikonic Zoran , Indjin Dragan , Kelsall Robert W.
Published: October 2021

Theoretical investigation of electro-absorption modulators in the mid-infrared range (>∼2 μm) is performed using asymmetric intra-step quantum wells based on Ge1−η1Snη1/Ge1−η2Snη2 heterostructures with SiGeSn outer barriers. After exploring the parameter space of the Sn content difference and width ratio of the intra-layers, a linear and much larger Stark shift is realized, compared to that of a square quantum well, without an increase of the total structure width. A modulator based on an optimized intra-step quantum well structure with a total well width of 12 nm is theoretically predicted to have both a larger peak shift per unit applied field and a larger absorption change than a 12 nm square quantum well device. By analyzing the device performance based on the two figures of merit: (1) absorption change per applied field and (2) absorption change per applied field squared, and taking 10 dB extinction ratio, a 44% higher bandwidth per volt and 46% lower power consumption per bit are achieved in intra-step than in a square well. Although the swing voltage for a square quantum well can be reduced by using a larger on-set applied field and performance could be improved, we found that the intra-step quantum well using zero on-set still retains its advantages when compared to the square quantum well which uses a 0.5 V on-set voltage.
Patterns of interfacial flow around a lubricated rolling point contact region
Authors: Chen Hongbai , Wang Wenzhong , Liang He , Zhao Ziqiang
Published: October 2021

It is of great importance to develop an in-depth understanding of interfacial flow around a lubricated rolling point contact region (RPCR). Consideration of the flow patterns around an RPCR will be important for the lubrication, cooling, and cleaning of machine parts, such as rolling bearings and gearboxes. In this study, an experiment using laser-induced fluorescence and a simulation using computational fluid dynamics of interfacial flow around an oil-lubricated ball-on-disk RPCR are presented. The results show good agreement with each other, and the flow patterns are clearly classified. The forming mechanisms are analyzed in terms of force competition caused by inertia, viscosity, pressure gradient, and air–oil surface tension. Quantitative criteria are proposed to evaluate the behaviors at the air–oil interface and the transition of flow patterns. Analyses have shown that the competition between these forces drives the motion of the air–oil interface, and the formation of flow patterns can be considered a self-adjusting process for the air–oil interface toward the equilibrium positions of the forces. High surface tension is beneficial for maintaining interface stability and can prevent the meniscus from rupturing at an outlet and concaving at an inlet. High capillary numbers may increase the risk for outlet meniscus rupture and the degree of concavity of the inlet meniscus.
Unified prediction of turbulent mixing induced by interfacial instabilities via Besnard−Harlow−Rauenzahn-2 model
Authors: Xie Han-song , Xiao Meng-juan , Zhang You-sheng
Published: October 2021

Turbulent mixing induced by interfacial instabilities, such as Rayleigh–Taylor (RT), Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM), and Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instabilities, widely exist in natural phenomena and engineering applications. On the one hand, the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) method, mainly involving physical model and model coefficients, is still the most viable approach in application. On the other hand, predicting different mixing problems with the same physical model and model coefficients—defined as “unified prediction” in this paper—is the basis for practice because (1) different instabilities usually exist simultaneously in a flow system and are coupled to each other; (2) mixing processes involve a wide range of parameters (e.g., time-dependent density ratio and acceleration history, etc.). However, few models can achieve such a unified prediction. Recently, we proposed a RANS route to realize this unified prediction by setting model coefficients to match the given physical model. This study attempts to apply this to the widely used BHR2 model to achieve unified predictions of different turbulent mixing problems, including basic problems (i.e., classical RT, RM, and KH mixing) and complex problems (i.e., re-shocked RM, tilted-RT, and spherical implosion mixing). Good agreement between experiments, large-eddy simulations, and RANS results were obtained. The temporal evolution of mixing width and spatial profiles of important physical quantities are presented. Based on our achievements of the k – L and k−ε models for unified predictions, the success of BHR2 model further confirms that our RANS route is robust for different turbulent mixing models and may be expanded to other fields.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of S1PR1 leads to chaperone BiP-mediated import to the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Anwar Mumtaz , Amin Md Ruhul , Balaji Ragunathrao Vijay Avin , Matsche Jacob , Karginov Andrei , Minshall Richard D. , Mo Gary C.H. , Komarova Yulia , Mehta Dolly
Published: October 2021

Cell surface G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), upon agonist binding, undergo serine–threonine phosphorylation, leading to either receptor recycling or degradation. Here, we show a new fate of GPCRs, exemplified by ER retention of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1). We show that S1P phosphorylates S1PR1 on tyrosine residue Y143, which is associated with recruitment of activated BiP from the ER into the cytosol. BiP then interacts with endocytosed Y143-S1PR1 and delivers it into the ER. In contrast to WT-S1PR1, which is recycled and stabilizes the endothelial barrier, phosphomimicking S1PR1 (Y143D-S1PR1) is retained by BiP in the ER and increases cytosolic Ca2+ and disrupts barrier function. Intriguingly, a proinflammatory, but non-GPCR agonist, TNF-α, also triggered barrier-disruptive signaling by promoting S1PR1 phosphorylation on Y143 and its import into ER via BiP. BiP depletion restored Y143D-S1PR1 expression on the endothelial cell surface and rescued canonical receptor functions. Findings identify Y143-phosphorylated S1PR1 as a potential target for prevention of endothelial barrier breakdown under inflammatory conditions.
High T
c Superconductivity in Heavy Rare Earth Hydrides
Authors: Song Hao , Zhang Zihan , Cui Tian , Pickard Chris J. , Kresin Vladimir Z. , Duan Defang
Published: October 2021

Sulfur and lanthanum hydrides under compression display superconducting states with high observed critical temperatures. It has been recently demonstrated that carbonaceous sulfur hydride displays room temperature superconductivity. However, this phenomenon has been observed only at very high pressure. Here, we theoretically search for superconductors with very high critical temperatures, but at much lower pressures. We describe two of such sodalite-type clathrate hydrides, YbH6 and LuH6. These hydrides are metastable and are predicted to superconduct with T
c ∼ 145 K at 70 GPa and T
c ∼ 273 K at 100 GPa, respectively. This striking result is a consequence of the strong interrelationship between the f states present at the Fermi level, structural stability, and the final T
c value. For example, TmH6, with unfilled 4f orbitals, is stable at 50 GPa, but has a relatively low value of T
c of 25 K. The YbH6 and LuH6 compounds, with their filled f-shells, exhibit prominent phonon “softening”, which leads to a strong electron-phonon coupling, and as a result, an increase in T
c.
Quantum-enhanced atomic gyroscope with tunable precision
Authors: Cooling J P , Dunningham J A
Published: October 2021

We model a gyroscope that exploits quantum effects in an atomic Bose–Einstein condensate to gain a tunable enhancement in precision. Current inertial navigation systems rely on the Sagnac effect using unentangled photons in fibre-optic systems and there are proposals for improving how the precision scales with the number of particles by using entanglement. Here we exploit a different route based on sharp resonances associated with quantum phase transitions. By adjusting the interaction between the particles and/or the shape of their trapping potential we are able to tune the width of the resonance and hence the precision of the measurement. Here we show how we can use this method to increase the overall sensitivity of a gyroscope by adjusting the system parameters as the measurement proceeds and our knowledge of the rotation improves. We illustrate this with an example where the precision is enhanced by a factor of more than 20 over the case without tuning, after 100 repetitions. Metrology schemes with tunable precision based on quantum phase transitions could offer an important complementary method to other quantum-enhanced measurement and sensing schemes.
Conditions for the identical distribution of free carriers in thin films
Authors: Zaytseva E G , Naumova O V , Gutakovskii A K
Published: October 2021

The condition of the same distribution of free carriers in thin films is necessary for comparing the mobility and analyzing the scattering mechanisms of carriers near semiconductor film/insulator interfaces. In thin film/insulator systems with different design parameters, it is difficult to ensure the same distribution of free carriers due to physical phenomenon such as the coupling effect. In this study, TCAD simulations of thin-film transistors, which have been used to monitor Si film properties, were applied to find parameters that allow tuning the potential distribution and, accordingly, the distribution of free carriers in films. It was found that such parameters are the film regime, the density of induced carriers, the gate voltage or threshold voltage of transistors. The conditions for the selection of parameters were found that ensure the same distribution of free carriers in thin-film structures for the cases of different thicknesses of films and the surrounding dielectrics. It was shown that the proposed approach can be used for a comparative analysis of the mobility in thin films and makes it possible to eliminate errors associated with different distributions of carriers in the films due to the coupling effect.
Flat band of Kagome lattice in graphene plasmonic crystals
Authors: Zhuo Liqiang , He Huiru , Huang Ruimin , Li Zhi , Qiu Weibin , Zhuang Fengjiang , Su Shaojian , Lin Zhili , Huang Beiju , Kan Qiang
Published: October 2021

We propose graphene plasmonic crystals (GPCs) with a Kagome lattice, and investigate the properties of the flat band (FB) in the plasmonic system. By modulating the arrangement of the chemical potentials, a FB is obtained. Furthermore, the authenticity of the FB is confirmed by comparing the band structures and the eigen field distributions obtained from using the tight-binding modeled Hamiltonian with numerical calculations. The proposed Kagome-type GPCs could be of great significance for the study of novel effects in strong interaction systems in the field of plasmonics.
Temperature dependence and functionalization of solution processed high-k hybrid gate insulators for high performance oxide thin-film transistors
Authors: Bermundo Juan Paolo S , Kesorn Ployrung , Yoshida Naofumi , Safaruddin Aimi Syairah , Uraoka Yukiharu
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a solution processed gate insulator (GI) with high dielectric constant (high-k) of up to ∼8.9 for high performance and low voltage operation amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). High mobilities of up to ∼30 cm2 V s−1, threshold voltage of <0.5 V, and low off current (∼10−12 A) can be achieved through the combination of high-k BaTiO
x
(BTO) nanoparticles and a polysiloxane (PSX) polymer matrix. This combination enables a lower process temperature of 300 °C from 650 °C while ensuring enhanced performance and low gate leakage current. We also show the tunability of the high-k hybrid BTO/PSX through fluorination and addition of a photosensitive property to further reduce the leakage current and inhibit dry etching related degradation. High-k hybrid BTO/PSX GI is a promising candidate for high performance and low-voltage operation oxide TFTs.
Enhancement in thermoelectric properties of n-type (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3)0.5.(NiO)0.5: composite and nano-structure effect
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Kumar Srivastav Simant , Patel Ashutosh , Kumar Ashish , Chatterjee Ratnamala , Takeuchi Tsunehiro , Pandey Sudhir K
Published: October 2021

In the enhancement of thermoelectric properties of material for energy harvesting applications, the role of nano-composite made of two different materials plays a very crucial role. When materials with different crystal and electronic structure are synthesized in nano-crystalline phase to form a composite, they provide large power factor via energy filtering effect, whereas the lattice mismatching and grain boundaries of two phase scatter the phonons having wide range of frequencies, and effectively maintain the low thermal conductivity. In the present work, we have reported the structural and thermoelectric properties of (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3)0.5(NiO)0.5 composite synthesized by sol-gel method. Rietveld refinement of the XRD pattern confirms the presence of both phases. Thermoelectric properties are measured in 300–600 K temperature range. The magnitude of Seebeck coefficients, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity found to be monotonically increase with temperature upto the ∼450 K, which decrease gradually with further increase in temperature. Such variation in transport properties are resulted from the combine effect from the composite materials formed with semiconducting/metallic, and insulating electronic structure mixed in a 50:50 weight ratio. The calculated ‘figure-of-merit’ (ZT) shows an increasing trend with temperature. The value of ZT

max

is found to be ∼0.05 at 600 K, which is nearly three times larger than that of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (ZT = 0.013) reported earlier. Our strategy of making nano-composite two materials with different electronic structures enhanced the ZT by ∼285%. The improvement in thermoelectric properties of n-type oxide materials can be useful to consider this material for applications in mid-temperature range.
First-principles study of pressure-induced phase transitions, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of ThBC
Authors: Sun Jiacheng , Liao Zhiguang , Zhang Yue , Guo Yongliang , Ke Xuezhi
Published: October 2021

First-principles calculations and particle swarm optimization algorithm are combined to predict the crystal structures in the pressure range from 0 to 100 GPa. Four phases of ThBC are determined, including the P4122, Cmcm, Cmce and Immm phases, in which the Cmcm, Cmce and Immm phases are newly predicted structures. The mechanical, electronic and thermodynamic properties of the four phases are investigated. According to the enthalpy–pressure and volume–pressure curves, the phase transition pressure from the P4122 phase to the Cmcm phase is 15 GPa, the Cmcm to the Cmce is 36 GPa and the Cmce to the Immm is 69 GPa. All the transitions belong to the first-order phase transition. Based on the calculated elastic constants, the P4122, Cmcm, Cmce and Immm phases exhibit brittle nature. The Young’s moduli show that the P4122 phase has the largest degree of anisotropy, and the Immm phase has the smallest. The calculated density of states reveal that the P4122, Cmcm, Cmce and Immm phases are all metallic.
The performance of surface enhanced Raman scattering and spatial resolution with triangular plate dimer from ultra-ultraviolet to near-infrared range
Authors: Wei Yong , Pei Huan , Yan Baoxin , Zhu Yanying
Published: October 2021

The theoretical research on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of triangular plate dimer (TPD) is of great significance for the design of experimental substrates. In this paper, the SERS properties of the TPD with Au, Ag, Al and Cu have been theoretical investigated in the ultra-ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared region. The influence of the TPD configuration, including the tip radian, the dimer distance and the aspect ratio on the electric field, Raman enhancement and spatial resolution are studied by the finite element method. The results show that there are dipole resonance band and quadruple dipole resonance band in the surface plasmon resonance band of TPD. The tip radian and dimer distance play the dominant role in the electric field enhancement, and the aspect ratio can be mainly used to tune the peak position of the electric field. The smaller tip radian and dimer distance will produce a stronger localized electric field and a small red shift of the peak position. Adjusting the aspect ratio can tune the position of electric field peak from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared without changing the peak value of the electric field significantly, especially for Al TPD. The maximum Raman enhancement factor of Au, Ag and Cu all reach 11 orders of magnitude, and 9 orders of magnitude for Al. The spatial resolution changes linearly with the gap distance, and the maximum spatial distributions of Au, Ag, Al and Cu achieve 0.65 nm, 0.67 nm, 0.69 nm and 0.70 nm with the dimer distance of 1 nm. Our results not only provide a better theoretical guidance for the optimization of TPD substrates in the SERS experiment, but also extend its application scope from ultra-UV to near-infrared range.
A novel fault diagnosis scheme for rolling bearing based on symbolic aggregate approximation and convolutional neural network with channel attention
Authors: Wang Bo , Ning Yi , Zhang Yahu
Published: October 2021

Benefitting from the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the end-to-end fault diagnosis mode based on deep learning has become one of the most potential research directions. Nevertheless, regardless of the outstanding diagnostic accuracy, this kind of diagnostic procedure still faces the problems of high-dimensional data redundancy and subjective feature extraction. To overcome the above limitations, a novel fault diagnosis scheme for rolling bearings based on symbolic aggregate approximation (SAX) and a convolutional neural network with attention mechanism is developed in this work. In the developed diagnosis procedure, the raw data are first symbolized by the SAX approach, which can effectively reduce the dimensions of the data with relatively low subjectivity according to the characteristics of the original waveform. In addition, to enhance the feature abstraction ability of the model, channel-based attention is introduced into the deep architecture. The character strings generated by the SAX are fed into the attention mechanism-enhanced deep model to implement the training procedure, which significantly improves the diagnosis efficiency. The proposed method is tested on the common bearing fault data set of Western Reserve University, and the fault classification accuracy reaches 98.4%, with good fault diagnosis performance. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing it with existing fault classification methods.
Studies on transmittance modulation and ions transfer kinetic based on capacitive-controlled 2D V2O5 inverse opal film for electrochromic energy storage application
Authors: Zhao Lili , Kuang Junwei , Zhuang Weifeng , Chao Jie , Liao Wenbo , Fu Xiaobo , Li Chao , Ye Lingyun , Liu Hailu
Published: October 2021

Two-dimensional vanadium pentoxide inverse opal (2D V2O5 IO) architecture was fabricated by polystyrene (PS) sphere template assisted electrodeposition process. In comparison to the un-templated V2O5 film, the 2D V2O5 IO film exhibited a highly ordered hexagonal close-packed bowel-like array, as well as noticeable electrochromism, such as transmittance modulation up to 42.6% at 800 nm, high coloration efficiency (28.6 cm2 · C−1), fast ions transfer kinetic (t
b = 7.2 s, t
c = 2.5 s). These improvements of electrochromic performance were attributed to the ordered morphology with larger surface areas, which considerably shortened the ions diffusion paths and accelerated ions migration. An electrochromic energy storage device assembled from the 2D V2O5 IO film with simultaneous electrochromic and pseudocapacitive performance could not only show transmittance modulation accompanied by multicolor variations but also powered an LCD screen and an LED bulb, demonstrating a promising potential for practical applications.
Existence and rigidity of the vectorial Peierls–Nabarro model for dislocations in high dimensions
Authors: Gao Yuan , Liu Jian-Guo , Liu Zibu
Published: October 2021

We focus on the existence and rigidity problems of the vectorial Peierls–Nabarro (PN) model for dislocations. Under the assumption that the misfit potential on the slip plane only depends on the shear displacement along the Burgers vector, a reduced non-local scalar Ginzburg–Landau equation with an anisotropic positive (if Poisson ratio belongs to (−1/2, 1/3)) singular kernel is derived on the slip plane. We first prove that minimizers of the PN energy for this reduced scalar problem exist. Starting from H
1/2 regularity, we prove that these minimizers are smooth 1D profiles only depending on the shear direction, monotonically and uniformly converge to two stable states at far fields in the direction of the Burgers vector. Then a De Giorgi-type conjecture of single-variable symmetry for both minimizers and layer solutions is established. As a direct corollary, minimizers and layer solutions are unique up to translations. The proof of this De Giorgi-type conjecture relies on a delicate spectral analysis which is especially powerful for nonlocal pseudo-differential operators with strong maximal principle. All these results hold in any dimension since we work on the domain periodic in the transverse directions of the slip plane. The physical interpretation of this rigidity result is that the equilibrium dislocation on the slip plane only admits shear displacements and is a strictly monotonic 1D profile provided exclusive dependence of the misfit potential on the shear displacement.
Instability in large bounded domains—branched versus unbranched resonances
Authors: Avery Montie , Dedina Cedric , Smith Aislinn , Scheel Arnd
Published: October 2021

We study transitions from convective to absolute instability near a trivial state in large bounded domains for prototypical model problems in the presence of transport and negative nonlinear feedback. We identify two generic scenarios, depending on the nature of the linear mechanism for instability, which both lead to different, universal bifurcation diagrams. In the first, classical case of a linear branched resonance the transition is hard, that is, small changes in a control parameter lead to a finite-size state. In the second, novel case of an unbranched resonance, the transition is gradual. In both cases, the bifurcation diagram is determined by interaction of the leading edge of an invasion front with upstream boundary conditions. Technically, we analyze this interaction in a heteroclinic gluing bifurcation analysis that uses geometric desingularization of the trivial state.
Simulation of transport in the FT-2 tokamak up to the electron scale with GENE
Authors: Janhunen Salomon , Merlo Gabriele , Gurchenko Alexey , Gusakov Evgeniy , Jenko Frank , Kiviniemi Timo
Published: October 2021

Prior experimental work on the FT-2 tokamak has observed electron density fluctuations at electron Larmor radius scales using the enhanced scattering (ES) diagnostic (Gusakov et al 2006 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
48 A371–6, Gurchenko and Gusakov 2010 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
52 124035). Gyrokinetic GENE simulations of conditions at the upper hybrid resonance layer probed by the ES diagnostic show the presence of the anticipated turbulence from the electron temperature gradient (ETG) driven instability in linear and nonlinear simulations. Ion-scale turbulence is responsible for majority of the transport via trapped electron modes, while impurities act to merge the spectrum of the ion and the electron scale instabilities into a continuum. The linear spectrum at electron scales is characterized by maximal growth rate at a significant ballooning angle θ
0, and at ion scales the turbulence is broad in the ballooning angle distribution. The neoclassical shearing rate obtained from GENE breaks symmetry in nonlinear simulations of ETG turbulence, which manifests itself as an asymmetric turbulence spectrum. The electron density fluctuation spectrum obtained with GENE corresponds well to the ES measurement at electron scales, as do the fluxes obtained from the ion-scale simulations.
Localization of five-dimensional Elko spinors on dS/AdS thick branes *
Authors: Zhou Xiang-Nan , Du Yun-Zhi , Ma Xin-Yuan , Zhao Zhen-Hua
Published: October 2021

Owing to the special structure of a five-dimensional Elko spinor, its localization on a brane with codimension one becomes completely different from that of a Dirac spinor. By introducing the coupling between the Elko spinor and the scalar field that can generate the brane, we have two types of localization mechanism for the five-dimensional Elko spinor zero mode on a brane. One is the Yukawa-type coupling, and the other is the non-minimal coupling. In this study, we investigate the localization of the Elko zero mode on de Sitter and Anti-de Sitter thick branes with the two localization mechanisms, respectively. The results show that both the mechanisms can achieve localization. The forms of the scalar coupling function in both localization mechanisms have similar properties, and they play a similar role in localization.
Kotzinian-Mulders effect in semi-inclusive DIS within TMD factorization *
Authors: Luo Xuan , Sun Hao
Published: October 2021

In this study, we investigate the Kotzinian-Mulders effect under semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) within the framework of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization. The asymmetry is contributed by the convolution of the Kotzinian-Mulders function

and the unpolarized fragmentation function

. As a TMD distribution, the Kotzinian-Mulders function in the coordinate space in the perturbative region can be represented as the convolution of the C-coefficients and the corresponding collinear correlation function. The Wandzura-Wilczek approximation is used to obtain this correlation function. We perform a detailed phenomenological numerical analysis of the Kotzinian-Mulders effect in the SIDIS process within TMD factorization at the kinematics of the HERMES and COMPASS experiments. We observe that the obtained

-,

-, and

-dependent Kotzinian-Mulders effects are basically consistent with the HERMES and COMPASS measurements. We also make predictions at EIC and EicC kinematics.
What Can We Learn from the Geoeffectiveness of the Magnetic Cloud on 2012 July 15–17?
Authors: Liu Gui-Ang , Zhao Ming-Xian , Le Gui-Ming , Mao Tian
Published: October 2021

An interplanetary shock and a magnetic cloud (MC) reached the Earth on 2012 July 14 and 15 one after another. The shock sheath and the MC triggered an intense geomagnetic storm. We find that only small part of the MC from 06:45 UT to 10:05 UT on 2012 July 15 made contribution to the intense geomagnetic storm, while the rest part of the MC made no contribution to the intense geomagnetic storm. The averaged southward component of interplanetary magnetic field (B

s
) and duskward-electric fields (E

y
) within the MC from 10:05 UT, 2012 July 15 to 09:08 UT, 2012 July 16 (hereafter MC_2), are 15.11 nT and 8.01 mV m−1, respectively. According to the empirical formula established by Burton et al. (hereafter Burton equation), the geoeffectiveness of MC_2 should be −655.42 nT, while the geoeffectiveness of MC_2 is −324.68 nT according to the empirical formula established by O’Brien & McPherron (hereafter OM equation). However, the real geoeffectiveness of MC_2 is 39.74 nT. The results indicate that the Burton equation and the OM equation cannot work effectively. The geoeffectiveness of MC_2 shows that large and long duration of B

s
or E

y
cannot guarantee the occurrence of an intense geomagnetic storm if the solar wind dynamic pressure is very low. If we use 0.52 as γ, the geoeffectiveness of MC_2 is 40.36 nT according to the empirical formula established by Wang et al., which is very close to the observed value, indicating that the empirical formula established by Wang et al. is much better than the Burton equation and the OM equation.
Preparation of superhydrophobic electrospun MWCNT-SiO2/PVDF composite membranes for oil adsorption
Authors: Jiang Li-Wang , Liu Yi-Wang , Hu Qing-Di , Zeng Feng-Tao , Yang Yong-Yu , Lan Xin , Chen Song-Yun , Lin Bo , He Fu-An
Published: October 2021

In this work, an useful way to fabricate the superhydrophobic electrospun multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-SiO2/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite membranes for the oil adsorption was developed. First, the SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using the Stöber method followed by the modification with the trimethoxy (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-heptadecafluorodecyl) silane (TMHFDS). Next, the nanofibrous MWCNT-SiO2/PVDF composite membranes were prepared by the electrospinning technique and then immersed into the TMHFDS solution to lower its surface energy. Furthermore, the structure of the TMHFDS-modified MWCNTs-SiO2/PVDF composite membranes were studied by the scanning electron microscope, the Fourier-transform infrared, the wide-angle x-ray diffraction, and the measurement results of the wetting property showed that the TMHFDS-modified MWCNTs-SiO2/PVDF composite membranes could be superhydrophobic with the highest water contact angle of 155°. The resultant TMHFDS-modified MWCNT-SiO2/PVDF composite membranes were able to absorb different oils with the adsorption capacities ranging from 4.2 g g−1 to7.2 g g−1.
Impact of spark plasma sintering process on tribo surface of Al/CNT composites
Authors: P Manikandan , A Elayaperumal , R Franklin Issac , R Vijay , G Padmanabham
Published: October 2021

Spark Plasma Sintered Aluminium (SPSed Al) composites are widely used in various micro components of the engineering applications. This paper deals with the evaluation of tribological behavior of the SPSed Al composites with respect to the SPS process parameters. The multi-walled Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) are added to the SPSed Al composites to improve its wear resistance by a solid lubrication effect. The presence and distribution of CNT over the Al matrix are confirmed through the FESEM analysis and the crystallographic changes of the SPSed Al/CNT composites are examined using the XRD analysis. The hardness of the SPSed Al/CNT composite has been improved by the re-crystallization at the optimal SPS condition. It also influences the frictional wear behavior of the Al/CNT composites and it resulted in overcome of ploughing on the Al surface. The frictional wear behavior of the SPSed Al/CNT composites is optimized using the taguchi methodology and the minimum wear rate of 24.7 × 10–6 g m−1 and the CoF of 0.192 are obtained for the Al/CNT1 wt% composite sintered at 500 °C and ball milled at 300 rpm for 480 min. The worn surface of the Al/CNT1 wt% composite reveals that the mild abrasive wear is occurred at the optimal tribo condition.
Recovery of Te for the scrap of Bi2Te3-based alloys by vacuum metallurgy
Authors: Kong Dong , Chen Dingya , Kuang Zhixiang , Xu Chenhui , Feng Bo , Hu Xiaoming , Chen Zhuo , Ma Yan , Fan Xi’ an , Li Guangqiang , Li Yawei
Published: October 2021

Every year a large amount of scrap can be produced from the Bi2Te3-based alloys when processing. A clean, new vacuum distillation method is proposed to purify Te from the scrap of Bi2Te3-based alloys. In this work, the saturated vapor pressure, distillation rate and separation coefficient of each metal element in Bi2Te3-based alloys are theoretically analyzed. The effects of distillation temperature and time on the volatilization and condensation behavior of elements are studied under the dynamic vacuum of 0.1 Pa. According to the research results, a multi-stage distillation method is proposed, and Te was purified from 41.53% to 98.88% while the total impurity content was reduced to 1.12% through this procedure. Moreover, Te of the scrap of Bi2Te3-based alloys can be separated and recovered effectively via this three-step vacuum distillation. The results lay the foundation for the industrial purification of Te and provide a low-cost, simple and green recycling process of thermoelectric scrap, which has important practical significance.
Microscopic geometrical structure analysis of 2D and 2.5D fabrics based on a simple predictive model
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Qiuhui , Yang Jian
Published: October 2021

The braided structure has a great influence on the properties of composites, and it is of great significance to predict and design the microscopic geometrical structure of fabric. In this paper, a simple model for predicting the yarn morphologies in 2D plain weave fabric and 2.5D shallow-cross bending fabric is established. Compared with the test results, this predictive model has relatively high prediction accuracy and the influences of warp/weft density and yarn fineness on the maximum pore volume in the fabric are analyzed in detail. Based on this model, assume the yarn fineness and warp density is 3 K and 3/cm, respectively, when the weft density increases from 2/cm to 9/cm, and the volume fraction increases from 15% to 35%, the maximum pore volume in the 2D fabric decreases from 2.69 mm3 to 0.195 mm3, compared with that in the 2.5D fabric decreases from 2.67 mm3 to 0.125 mm3. At the same volume fraction, the lower the yarn fineness, the smaller the maximum pore volume in 2D and 2.5D fabrics. In addition, when the sum of the warp and weft yarn densities is a certain value, the maximum pore volumes in 2D and 2.5D fabrics decrease as the weft yarn densities increases. Conversely, as the warp density increases, the maximum pore volumes increase.
Corrosion behavior of Q345R steel influenced by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
Authors: Huang Xin Jie , Fu Lei , Lin Li , Lai Sheng , Fan Qi , Zhang Yingqian , Li Xiulan , Liu Cheng
Published: October 2021

Here, the corrosion weight-loss method, surface analysis technology, and electrochemical test methods were used to study the corrosion behavior and electrochemical characteristics of experimental samples of Q345R steel in a sterile solution (pH 2.0) and a solution containing T. ferrooxidans. The growth cycle of T. ferrooxidans was determined to be approximately 8 days. The corrosion weight-loss method showed that the corrosion rate of Q345R carbon steel coupons decreased with time in the T. ferrooxidans system and the sterile system; the corrosion rate was approximately two times higher in the T. ferrooxidans system than in the sterile system. The corrosion morphology results showed that the presence of T. ferrooxidans promotes the corrosion of Q345R steel and increases the local corrosion of the matrix material. The electrochemical test results showed that after 5 days of corrosion, the polarization resistance of the T. ferrooxidans system was approximately 50% of that of the sterile system, and the corrosion current density of the T. ferrooxidans system was approximately twice as high as that of the sterile system. Therefore, T. ferrooxidans can accelerate the corrosion of Q345R steel two-fold.
Detecting quantum entanglement with unsupervised learning
Authors: Chen Yiwei , Pan Yu , Zhang Guofeng , Cheng Shuming
Published: October 2021

Quantum properties, such as entanglement and coherence, are indispensable resources in various quantum information processing tasks. However, there still lacks an efficient and scalable way to detecting these useful features especially for high-dimensional and multipartite quantum systems. In this work, we exploit the convexity of samples without the desired quantum features and design an unsupervised machine learning method to detect the presence of such features as anomalies. Particularly, in the context of entanglement detection, we propose a complex-valued neural network composed of pseudo-siamese network and generative adversarial net, and then train it with only separable states to construct non-linear witnesses for entanglement. It is shown via numerical examples, ranging from two-qubit to ten-qubit systems, that our network is able to achieve high detection accuracy which is above 97.5% on average. Moreover, it is capable of revealing rich structures of entanglement, such as partial entanglement among subsystems. Our results are readily applicable to the detection of other quantum resources such as Bell nonlocality and steerability, and thus our work could provide a powerful tool to extract quantum features hidden in multipartite quantum data.
K-fiber bundles in the mitotic spindle are mechanically reinforced by Kif15
Authors: Begley Marcus A. , Solon April L. , Davis Elizabeth Mae , Sherrill Michael Grant , Ohi Ryoma , Elting Mary Williard
Published: October 2021

The mammalian kinetochore fiber (k-fiber) connects chromosomes to the spindle and supports segregation. We cut k-fibers by laser ablation to probe mechanical connections of microtubules within the bundle. We find that kinesin-12 Kif15 cross-links mediate k-fiber bundling. K-fiber bundling forces are in active competition with forces that cluster microtubule minus-ends.
Subunit exchange among endolysosomal tethering complexes is linked to contact site formation at the vacuole
Authors: González Montoro Ayelén , Vargas Duarte Prado , Auffarth Kathrin , Walter Stefan , Fröhlich Florian , Ungermann Christian
Published: October 2021

The HOPS subunit Vps39 can participate in other functions such as vCLAMP formation, while the remaining subcomplex is available for its function in tethering and fusion.
Low Social Support at Work and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in a Repeated Cross-sectional Study of White-Collar Workers
Authors: Trudel Xavier , Tiwa Diffo Edwige , Gilbert-Ouimet Mahée , Mésidor Miceline , Talbot Denis , Milot Alain , Brisson Chantal
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Previous studies on the effect of low social support at work on blood pressure showed mixed results. Few previous studies have used ambulatory blood pressure and examined whether the effect of low social support at work vary among men and women. The aim of this study was to examine the association between low social support at work, ambulatory blood pressure means and hypertension prevalence, in a sample of white-collar workers men and women.

Methods

A repeated cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected three times during a 5-year period, among 3919 white-collar women and men. At each time, coworker and supervisor social support at work were measured using validated scales. Ambulatory blood pressure was measured every 15 min during a working day. General estimating equations were used.

Results

In adjusted models, women exposed to low coworker (+0.6 mmHg) and low supervisor social support at work (+0.7 mmHg) had slightly higher diastolic blood pressure means when compared to unexposed women. In men, those with low coworker social support at work had higher diastolic (+0.7 mmHg) blood pressure while those with low supervisor social support had a higher prevalence of hypertension (prevalence ratio = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04–1.24).

Conclusions

Men with low supervisor social support at work had a higher prevalence of hypertension. Low social support at work was associated with modest increases in diastolic blood pressure among men and women. Workplace prevention strategies aiming to increase social support at work could lead to beneficial effects on worker’s cardiovascular health.
Dynamics of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial community during a cyanobacterial bloom
Authors: Qian Yilin , Okano Kunihiro , Kodato Miwa , Arai Michiko , Yanagiya Takeru , Li Qintong , Amano Chie , Ruike Kakeru , Itayama Tomoaki , Iwami Norio , Utsumi Motoo , Lei Zhongfang , Zhang Zhenya , Sugiura Norio , Shimizu Kazuya
Published: October 2021

Toxic cyanobacterial blooms frequently develop in eutrophic freshwater bodies worldwide. Microcystis species produce microcystins (MCs) as a cyanotoxin. Certain bacteria that harbor the mlr gene cluster, especially mlrA, are capable of degrading MCs. However, MC-degrading bacteria may possess or lack mlr genes (mlr+ and mlr− genotypes, respectively). In this study, we investigated the genotype that predominantly contributes to biodegradation and cyanobacterial predator community structure with change in total MC concentration in an aquatic environment. The 2 genotypes coexisted but mlr+ predominated, as indicated by the negative correlation between mlrA gene copy abundance and total MC concentration. At the highest MC concentrations, predation pressure by Phyllopoda, Copepoda, and Monogononta (rotifers) was reduced; thus, MCs may be toxic to cyanobacterial predators. The results suggest that cooperation between MC-degrading bacteria and predators may reduce Microcystis abundance and MC concentration.
MHC-II distance between parents predicts sex allocation decisions in a genetically monogamous bird
Authors: Pineaux Maxime , Merkling Thomas , Danchin Etienne , Hatch Scott A , Leclaire Sarah , Blanchard Pierrick
Published: October 2021

Theory predicts that parental heritable characteristics should shape sex allocation decisions when their effects on reproduction or survival are offspring sex-dependent. Numerous studies have questioned to what extent characteristics displayed by one of the parents matched theoretical expectations. This contrasts with the handful of studies that investigated whether compatibility between parents could also trigger selective pressures for sex allocation adjustments. We studied the genetically monogamous black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), where previous data revealed that female chicks suffered higher fitness costs from low diversity at genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) than male chicks. We predicted, and found in our dataset, that MHC-similar parents, producing low MHC-diverse offspring, should avoid the production of females. The relation between MHC-distance between parents (i.e. the functional distinctness of their MHC alleles) and offspring sex was not linear, such that MHC-dissimilar parents also overproduced sons. Overall, our results suggest that the genetically monogamous black-legged kittiwake parents flexibly adapt their reproduction and circumvent the costs of suboptimal pairing by manipulating offspring sex.