bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational Therapy in Postacute Care for Survivors of COVID-19: Research Gaps We Need to Fill
Authors: Malcolm Matt P.
Published: July 2021

This column discusses issues in the delivery of postacute care (PAC) rehabilitation services for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors and gaps in the current research. Occupational therapy practitioners must not only better understand factors that influence the type of PAC rehabilitation a COVID-19 survivor will receive but also comprehend how wide variations in delivery of PAC occupational therapy have affected important outcomes for survivors. The COVID-19 Rehabilitation Research Framework, developed by Cochrane Rehabilitation and the World Health Organization Rehabilitation Program, offers a guide for occupational therapy research priorities that may fill two important gaps: (1) the need for high-quality PAC rehabilitation studies and (2) the need for research on activity and participation assessments and outcomes for COVID-19 survivors. Using electronic health records and other data sources, occupational therapy practitioners and researchers can help build the evidence base to support and guide PAC rehabilitation for survivors of COVID-19 and, perhaps, future pandemics.
Inpatient Occupational Therapy Management for a Pediatric Patient With COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Case Report
Authors: Walter Jordan C. , Coleman Casto Shelley D. , Gates Erin
Published: July 2021

This case report describes the distinct value of occupational therapy services in the treatment of a pediatric patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in an acute care setting. Practice-based evidence was used to design the treatment plan for this patient throughout the course of his hospital stay. Interventions addressed range of motion, strength, functional endurance, activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and functional cognition. Occupational therapy goals focused on the progression toward return to baseline functioning and participation in ADLs and IADLs.
Responding to COVID-19: Resilience in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Malloy Julie , Cahill Susan , Lieberman Deborah , Trudeau Scott A. , Harvison Neil
Published: July 2021

This special issue of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy highlights the contribution of occupational therapy practitioners to the care of clients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The case studies and articles exemplify the resilience of practitioners and the importance of occupational therapy interventions in addressing the physical, cognitive, psychological, and social needs of clients, their families, and care providers. We encourage practitioners to be inventive, to be collaborative, and to contribute to research regarding the benefits of occupational therapy for this population.
PENSAMENTO ESPACIAL E INICIAÇÃO CARTOGRÁFICA NA CONSTRUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO GEOGRÁFICO
Authors: Juliasz Paula Cristiane Strina
Published: July 2021

Os conceitos, as representações e habilidades espaciais são componentes do pensamento espacial. Temos como objetivo analisar as formas pelas quais o conhecimento geográfico pode ampliar o pensamento espacial. Apresentamos três aspectos fundamentais para construção de nossas pesquisas: a concepção de criança como sujeito com direito; o pensamento espacial como campo interdisciplinar e fundamental para Educação Geográfica; e a sequência didática enquanto metodologia de ensino. A pesquisa realizada tem se pautado na teoria histórico cultural e na perspectiva histórico crítica. As atividades de ensino foram desenvolvidas em turmas de Educação Infantil com crianças de 4 a 6 anos de idade e consideramos as interações das crianças por meio de falas e gestos e suas produções para subsidiar nosso diálogo com a teoria. O desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa demandou uma metodologia qualitativa na construção e análise dos dados, sendo coerente com nossos objetivos e referenciais teóricos.
Pertumbuhan Varietas Jagung (Zea Mays L) Dengan Pengaturan Jarak Tanam
Authors: Nazirah Laila , Maisura Maisura , Triansyah Deri , Satriawan Halus
Published: July 2021

Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L) merupakan komoditas pangan nomor 3 terpenting setelah padi dan kedelai, serta telah dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber karbohidrat, minyak dan tepung. Budidaya untuk beberapa varietas jagung di Aceh Utara belum memiliki acuan atau rekomendasi jarak tanam yang tepat sehingga hasil yang dicapai belum maksimal. Untuk itu perlu dikaji kombinasi antara varietas dan jarak tanam untuk mendapatkan jarak tanam sesuai dengan varietas yang ditanam. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Tambon Tunong Kecamatan Dewantara Kabupaten Aceh Utara dengan ketinggian tempat 10 meter di atas permukaan laut (mdpl) dari bulan November 2020 s.d Januari 2021. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan 12 kombinasi perlakuan dan 3 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 36 unit percobaan. Faktor pertama adalah Varietas (V) terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu V1 (Varietas Lamuru), V2 (Varietas Bisma), V3 (Varietas Srikandi Kuning-1), dan V4 (Varietas Anoman-1). Faktor kedua adalah jarak tanam (J) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu J1 (60 cm x 20 cm), J2 (70 cm x 50 cm), dan J3 (80 cm x 20 cm). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan varietas berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur (2 dan 4 MST) serta jumlah daun (2 MST). Perlakuan varietas juga berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman (8 MST), umur berbunga, namun perlakuan varietas tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman (6 MST), jumlah daun (4, 6 dan 8 MST), diameter batang (2, 4, 6 dan 8 MST). Sedangkan pada perlakuan jarak tanam berpengaruh nyata terhadap umur berbunga, namun perlakuan jarak tanam tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman (2, 4, 6 dan 8 MST), jumlah daun (2, 4, 6 dan 8 MST), diameter batang (2, 4, 6, dan 8 MST). Terdapat interaksi antara kombinasi perlakuan varietas dan jarak tanam terhadap jumlah daun 2 MST, kombinasi perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan varietas Bisma dan jarak tanam 60x20 cm.
FUNGICIDAS MULTISSÍTIOS: EFEITO NA INCIDÊNCIA DE GRÃOS ARDIDOS EM MILHO
Authors: Silva Laísa Lira Caldas , Bonaldo Solange Maria
Published: July 2021

Introdução: O milho (Zea mays L.) principal cultura destinada à alimentação humana e animal, utilizada como matéria-prima para a produção de diversos tipos de produtos que apresentam relevância no setor comercial de vários países. As doenças na cultura do milho no Brasil, tem se tornado mais efetivas ao longo do tempo, acarretando perdas na qualidade dos grãos como também na produtividade, principalmente devido à formação de “grãos ardidos”. Objetivos: Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar a incidência de grãos ardidos, em função da aplicação de fungicidas multissítios em campo. Materiais e métodos: Foram retirados da amostra geral uma sub-amostra de 300 gramas cada para quantificar os grãos ardidos, sendo considerados aqueles que apresentaram pelo menos ¼ de sua superfície com descolorações, e para o teste de sanidade foram dispostos 20 grãos por caixa gerbox, contendo papel filtro autoclavado embebido com meio ágar-água. O delineamento utilizado foi o Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC), com 22 tratamentos e quatro repetições e os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Resultados: Nas porcentagens de grãos ardidos, os maiores percentuais ocorreram nos tratamentos Priori Xtra + Score Flexi, Nativo, Miravis Duo e Abacus + Support e os menores nos tratamentos Azimut + Carbendazim, Azimut e Azimut + Fortuna. A incidência de patógenos sobre a massa de grãos ardidos, apontam Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Nigrospora spp.; Rhizopus spp. e Bipolaris spp., como os mais incidentes sobre a massa de grãos. Conclusão: Os fitopatógenos Aspergillus spp.; Fusarium spp. e Penicillium spp.; apresentaram maiores incidências nas amostras de grãos de milho.Os tratamentos 5- Azimut + Carbendazim, 2- Azimut e 3- Azimut + Fortuna apresentaram menores incidências de grãos ardidos, sendo os mais indicados para o controle de grãos ardidos.
ANÁLISE FOLIAR COMO FERRAMENTA DE DIAGNÓSTICO DE EVENTUAIS DEFICIÊNCIAS NUTRICIONAIS EM LAVOURAS COMERCIAIS DE SOJA
Authors: Reuter Rafaela Luana
Published: July 2021

Introdução: A avaliação do estado nutricional da soja é de extrema importância para se realizar um planejamento dos manejos nutricionais a serem realizados na lavoura, pois vai ser o fator determinante de qual nutriente deve ser aplicado via adubação. O uso de análises foliares tem se intensificado pelo fato de obter resultados que ajudam na tomada de decisão por mostrar o que a planta realmente está extraindo do solo, e usando em seu desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Avaliar no decorrer das safras as alterações dos nutrientes nas plantas de soja que são representados na análise foliar em relação as diferentes cidades situadas na região oeste do Paraná, diagnosticando as possíveis causas das deficiências e excessos. Material e Métodos: O trabalho foi conduzido a partir do banco de análises de folhas cedido pela C.Vale Cooperativa Agroindustrial, no período compreendido entre as safras 2014/2015 a 2018/2019. Os resultados das análises de folha foram provenientes dos municípios, Alto Piquiri, Assis Chateaubriand, Brasilândia do Sul, Francisco Alves, Guairá, Maripá, Nova Santa Rosa, Palotina e Terra Roxa, região oeste do estado do Paraná. O material vegetal foi coletado no estádio R2 em seguida, encaminhado para análise química, determinando-se nas amostras de tecido vegetal teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn e B. Os resultados das análises de folha foram tabulados e submetidos a análise variância e quando significativos, as médias para as safras foram submetidas ao teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, enquanto para os municípios, ao teste Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Resultados: Os municípios que obtiveram menores teores dos nutrientes foram os de característica do solo arenoso (Alto Piquiri, Brasilândia do Sul, Francisco Alves), por terem menor capacidade tampão e do menor tempo de cultivo comparado aos demais municípios de solos argilosos (Assis Chateaubriand, Guairá, Maripá, Nova Santa Rosa, Palotina e Terra Roxa). Conclusão: O manejo de adubação de cada nutriente, e das condições ambientais de cada ano agrícola mostraram-se determinantes em relação aos resultados das análises, assim as análises foliares demonstram o real manejo que está sendo realizado na lavoura além das condições ambientais, dando um diagnóstico preciso.
A ROTAÇÃO DE CULTURAS NA CONSERVAÇÃO DO SOLO
Authors: Rambo Kamyla Letícia , Shimada Belmiro Saburo , Simon Marcos Vinícius , Cunha Letícia Do Socorro , Finken Pablo Henrique
Published: July 2021

Introdução: A agricultura mesmo com o sistema direto apresentava problemas relacionados ao solo, mas principalmente era visível nos sistemas de cultivo convencional, com erosão, compactação, e outros problemas, que ocasionava uma menor produtividade, devido a esses fatores, a rotação de culturas dentro do sistema de plantio direto foi mais visado, trazendo muitos benefícios em relação a conservação do solo. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma breve revisão de literatura sobre rotação de culturas e a conservação do solo, caracterizando e demonstrando o quão importante é em um sistema de produção agrícola. Material e métodos: O presente estudo foi realizado com base na revisão de literatura sobre a rotação de culturas e a conservação do solo, buscando mostrar a importância do uso da rotação de culturas na agricultura, principalmente na parte de conservação do solo. Resultados: A rotação de cultura consiste na alternância planejada e ordenada de diferentes culturas em um determinado período de tempo, em um mesmo local, utilizando-se de espécies de sistema radicular que proporcione maior aprofundamento no solo e descompactação, são recomendadas sobretudo as leguminosas em rotação às culturas, pelo potencial de adição de nitrogênio, e pelo sequestro de carbono no solo. A rotação de culturas traz benefícios na conservação do solo também, pela alternância no padrão de extração e de ciclagem de nutrientes com uso de espécies com diferentes sistemas radiculares envolvendo a melhoria das condições nutricionais do solo, e a manutenção ou a melhoria das condições físicas, química e biológica do solo. Ao levar em conta que o solo está em relação com a planta, que terá seu crescimento e desenvolvimento, o solo se torna um local importante para a produtividade das culturas, assim, a melhoria de todos os aspectos físicos, químicos e biológicos do solo são fatores que possibilitam maiores produções. Conclusão: A rotação de culturas traz muitos benefícios ao sistema de produção, e na parte de conservação do solo, é muito importante para evitar problemas na compactação, erosão, e atua na proteção e na melhoria dos atributos do solo, que vão ajudar a manter o sistema de produção produtivo.
Sejarah Freemasonry di Tasikmalaya, 1902-1939
Authors: Arifin Faizal , Nugraha Rahmat Mulya , Taryadi Taryadi
Published: July 2021

Penelitian didasarkan pada eksistensi kelompok rahasia Freemasonry yang misterius pada masa Hindia Belanda namun sampai menjangkau wilayah-wilayah terkecil di Nusantara. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji sejarah serta peran para tokoh Freemason di Tasikmalaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Tasikmalaya terdapat anggota Freemasonry yaitu elit bumiputera Bupati Raden Somanah Soeria di Redja, serta Eggink, Stam dan Onnen dari kalangan orang Belanda. Freemasonry pada masa Hindia Belanda bukan mitos akan tetapi eksis dan berperan mendorong tegaknya Kolonialisme Belanda dan gagasan Sekulerisme terhadap agama di Nusantara.
Bütçe Şeffaflığı ve Mali Disiplin: Yükselen Ekonomiler Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: DİBO Mete
Published: July 2021

Bütçe şeffaflığı, kamu gelirlerinin toplanması ve kamu harcamalarının gerçekleştirilmesine ilişkin süreç ve eylemlerin halka açık olmasını ifade etmektedir. Bütçe şeffaflığının, kamuoyu denetimi yoluyla kamu mali göstergelerinde iyileşme sağlayarak mali disipline pozitif katkı yapması beklenmektedir. İlgili kapsamda çalışmanın amacı bütçe şeffaflığının kamu borçları ve bütçe açığı üzerindeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi ve analizidir. Çalışmada şeffaflık göstergesi olarak 2006-2019 dönemine ilişkin bütçe şeffaflık endeksi kullanılmıştır. Yükselen piyasa ekonomileri içerisinde yer alan on iki ülke kapsamında gerçekleştirilen panel FMOLS (Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares) ve panel DOLS (Dynamic Ordinary Least Square) analizi sonuçlarına göre bütçe şeffaflığı ile bütçe açığı arasında negatif ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Bütçe şeffaflığı ile borç stoku arasında ise pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Şeffaflık ve mali disiplin ilişkisi dâhilinde ülkemizde gerçekleştirilen başkaca bir uygulamalı araştırmaya rastlanmamış olması çalışmanın literatüre katkısını oluşturmaktadır.
İnsani Gelişme, Ticari Dışa Açıklık ve Ekonomik Büyüme Dinamikleri: G-20 Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: YAMAN Habibe
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada 2005-2018 dönemi G-20 ülke grubu için insani gelişme endeksi, ticari dışa açıklık ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkilerin panel veri analizi kapsamında incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, yatay kesit bağımlılığı, homojenlik, eşbütünleşme ve panel nedensellik testleri yapılarak genişletilmiş ortalama grup tahmincisi ile hata düzeltme modeli tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda insani gelişme ve kişi başı milli gelir arasında karşılıklı nedensellik var iken insani gelişmeden dışa açıklık oranına ve dışa açıklık oranından da kişi başı milli gelire doğru bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. İnsani gelişmenin G-20 ülkelerinin genelinde kişi başı milli gelir üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu, bu etkinin en fazla Çin, Endonezya ve Güney Kore’de, en düşük ise Suudi Arabistan’da olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca kişi başı milli gelirdeki artışın da insani gelişme üzerindeki etkisi pozitif ve anlamlı olup en fazla etki Kanada, Avustralya ve Fransa’da iken, en az etki ise Almanya’dadır. Dışa açıklık oranı ile ilgili değerler ülkelere göre değişiklik göstermektedir.
On the impedance of a high-frequency capacitive discharge with different excitation methods
Authors: Dvinin Sergei , Sinkevich Oleg , Kodirzoda Zafari , Solikhov Davlat
Published: July 2021

Consideration is given to a low-pressure ( << ) capacitive high-frequency discharge with large-area electrodes when it is excited by an electromagnetic field with a frequency from 13 to 900 MHz. General analytical formulas are obtained for the amplitudes of natural waves and the impedance of the discharge. It is taken into account that the excitation of surface waves and higher nonpropagating modes occurs both due to the axial inhomogeneity of the plasma-metal layer structure and due to edge effects at the electrode cut. The higher ampli-tude of the resonance modes in this case (in comparison with the excitation of the discharge by a TEM wave) leads to a greater irregularity in the dependence of the discharge impedance on the electron density. This conclusion is confirmed by the direct calculation of impedance using the Comsol Multiphysics® software.
Biodiversity of anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria in landfill sites
Authors:   , Goldstone Loren
Published: July 2021

Landfills play an important role in the removal of waste from the surroundings. There is a limit to the types of waste that can be recycled and the landfill becomes the final method of waste disposal. Because waste constitutes a wide variety of materials, the microbial consortia that develop within a landfill will be equally varied, depending on the type of waste deposited, the temperature of the landfill and moisture content of the waste. The metabolism of these microbial consortia can result in products that are either harmful or beneficial. In order to increase the pool of knowledge on landfill microbiology, it is important to study the various consortia that inhabit the landfill to determine the various microbial interactions that occur and subsequently to manipulate these interactions to enhance the benefits of a landfill site and reduce the harmful effects. In this research, an attempt was made to isolate anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria from a landfill site. Six waste samples, varying in age were obtained over a period of two years. Samples were excavated from a maximum depth of 4m. Samples are processed in anaerobic, phosphate buffer and cultivated in various pre-reduced anaerobic media and incubated under anaerobic conditions. Samples were also collected from other potential anaerobic sites namely, anaerobic sludge, decomposing bagasse, compost, manure, rumen and pond sediment. Results of degradation of the cellulose source (Whatman No. 1 filter paper) indicated that it was possible to cultivate cellulose-degrading microorganisms from the landfill. Zones of clearing around colonies, which would be indicative of cellulose degradation on solid media, were not obtained. Samples from the anaerobic sludge, compost and rumen showed degradation of cellulose in liquid media but not on solid media. It is concluded that the solid media used was unsuitable for the cultivation of anaerobic, cellulolytic bacteria or that the anaerobic conditions employed were not adequate to initiate the growth of the anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria.
Plant germplasm conservation :|bdevelopment of field collection and transport techniques for eucalyptus species and trichilia dregeana
Authors:   , Makhathini Aneliswa Phumzile
Published: July 2021

Lack of suitable techniques for field collection of the germplasm of different species, and spoilage of samples in transit, hinder efforts to collect, conserve, distribute and regenerate most plant germplasm in vitro. The aims of this investigation, therefore, were to address problems encountered in collection of field germplasm from species and hybrids of Eucalyptus (TAG5, TAGI4, ZG14, GC550 and GU2IO) that are propagated vegetatively and Trichilia dregeana, which has recalcitrant seeds. Simple in vitro culture-based protocols were developed to minimise contamination and maintain viability of plant material for sufficient time for it to be transported from the field to the tissue culture laboratory. From the two simulations of 48 h 'transportation' conditions for explants of Eucalyptus species investigated, those in bottles containing sterile vermiculite exhibited no contamination and greater than 50% bud break, regardless of whether or not field surface sterilization with alcohol had been done. In contrast, when explants were enclosed in cling wrap, contamination was high and bud break levels low. For selection of the more suitable Eucalyptus explant, two types were investigated: nodal explants each with one half leaf (type 1) and stem segments with three nodes (type 2). As type 2 showed considerably better shoot yields (up to 1624 shoots per 100 explant), and were more practical to use with respect to space, such trinodal stem segments were deemed best for collection. Of the sterilization procedures investigated, treatment with 70% (v/v) alcohol prior to storage was found to be most suitable in almost all cases. For plant material with high endogenous microbial contamination, the bud break medium was supplemented with Benomyl and calcium hypochlorite, each at 0.5 and 1.0 g.r). Alcoholtreated, stored explants cultured on bud break medium with 1.0 g.r) calcium hypochlorite exhibited low levels of contamination and an increased final yield (up to a maximum of 930 shoots per 100 explants). Thus, this protocol was employed for field material of E. grandis clones TAG5, TAGI4 and ZGI4. For these clones, stored type 2 explants
Valorisation of bambara and cowpea haulms for bioethanol production
Authors:   , Okuofu Somiame Itseme
Published: July 2021

Bambara and cowpea are important pulses grown in semi-arid South Africa due to their balanced nutrient profile and drought resilient capacity. The haulm is the lignocellulosic residue obtained after grain harvest and are rich in carbohydrates. However, these haulms are underutilised and under researched. The aim of the study, therefore, was to investigate the potential to valorise bambara haulms (BGH) and cowpea haulms (CH) to bioethanol which is the most promising biofuel with commercial prospects currently. The structural and chemical composition of BGH and CH was elucidated using techniques such as compositional analysis, XRD, FTIR, ICP-AES, and SEM. Results indicated a volatile matter and fixed carbon mass fraction of 77.70% and 13.15% (w/w) in BGH and 76.16% and 16.26% (w/w) in CH respectively. The polysaccharides make up the largest fraction (51%), followed by extractives (> 20%), while the lignin in BGH (12%) and CH (10%) was low. X-ray diffraction pattern showed a higher percentage of amorphous regions in BGH (78%) than CH (56%). CH was then subjected to dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) to enhance biosugar production for bioethanol fermentation. The effects of operational factors for DAP including temperature, time, and acid concentration on sugar yield and inhibitor formation was investigated and optimised using response surface methodology (RSM). The solid recovered after DAP was subjected to prehydrolysis with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF). In addition, the pretreatment hydrolysate was detoxified and fermented to ethanol using cocultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4743 and Scheffersomyces stipitis wild type (PsY633). A total ethanol titre of 15.67 g/L was obtained corresponding to 75% conversion efficiency. On the other hand, BGH was subjected to deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment. Five deep eutectic solvents were prepared and screened for their effectiveness in improving enzymatic sugar yield. This was achieved by pretreating BGH with each DES followed by a 48 h enzymatic saccharification. Choline chloride – lactic acid (ChCl-LA) treatment provided the most promising result and was further optimised by investigating the effect of different temperatures and time on cellulose loss and enzymatic sugar yield. ChCl-LA pretreatment at 100°C for 1 h was observed to be the best condition for maximum sugar recovery. The hydrolysate thus obtained was concentrated and fermented for 72 h with S. cerevisiae BY4743. A maximum ethanol yield of 11.57 g/L was obtained. From the results, it is evident that bambara and cowpea haulm are promising substrates for bioethanol production. Dilute acid hydrolysis was shown to be effective in the pretreatment of CH with over 85% of the theoretical sugar recoverable for conversion to bioethanol. In addition, deep eutectic solvents are effective media for breaking the recalcitrance in BGH to achieve high sugar yield for conversion to bioethanol. However, further studies are required to reduce cellulose loss during pretreatment to improve bioethanol yield.
CỘNG HƯỞNG PLASMON BỀ MẶT ĐỊNH XỨ CỦA CẤU TRÚC LÕI/ VỎ AuR/Ag VỚI BỀ DÀY LỚP VỎ Ag THAY ĐỔI
Authors: Đỗ Thị Huế , Trần Thị Thu Hương , Trần Khắc Khôi
Published: July 2021

Bài báo này trình bày việc chế tạo các hạt nano cấu trúc lõi/vỏ AuR/Ag với lõi là thanh nano vàng, vỏ là lớp nano bạc theo phương pháp hóa khử. Công việc này gồm hai quá trình độc lập bao gồm việc tổng hợp và khảo sát đặc tính quang của các thanh nano vàng, sau đó sử dụng các thanh nano vàng làm hạt lõi cho giai đoạn tiếp theo để hình thành cấu trúc lõi/vỏ AuR/Ag. Sử dụng phổ hấp thụ UV-VIS nghiên cứu tính chất quang của các cấu trúc lõi/vỏ AuR/Ag, đồng thời khảo sát ảnh hưởng của nồng độ Ag+ đến sự hình thành và tính chất quang của phức hệ AuR/Ag. Kết quả cho thấy tính chất quang của AuR/Ag phụ thuộc mạnh vào lượng tiền chất hình thành lớp vỏ là ion Ag+. Khi lượng Ag+ càng lớn thì lớp vỏ bạc càng dày, các đỉnh cộng hưởng plasmon của thanh dịch về phía sóng ngắn và động thời xuất hiện đỉnh cộng hưởng tại bước sóng 353 nm với sự đóng góp của các điện tử của lớp vỏ bạc dao động theo chiều ngang của thanh.
NGHIÊN CỨU CHẾ TẠO VẬT LIỆU NANO ZnO PHA TẠP CÁC BON (ZnO:C) VÀ SỰ XUẤT HIỆN TÍNH SẮT TỪ
Authors: Nguyễn Hữu Cương , Phạm Vũ Lộc , Nguyễn Đức Dũng , Tạ Quốc Tuấn
Published: July 2021

Vật liệu nano ZnO và ZnO pha tạp Các bon (ZnO:C) được chế tạo bằng phương pháp sol-gel kết hợp ủ nhiệt nhiệt độ ủ 4500C và môi trường ủ Argon trong 5 giờ. Cả hai vật liệu được chế tạo đều có cấu trúc tinh thể đơn pha lục giác wurtzite. Phép đo phổ tán sắc năng lượng tia X (EDX) trên mẫu ZnO:C và kết quả nhiễu xạ tia X (XRD) lẫn ảnh hiển vi điện tử quét (SEM) chứng tỏ nguyên tố C nằm phân bố đều trong mẫu, ở dạng vô định hình và có thể điền kẽ hoặc thay thế vào mạng tinh thể ZnO. Cả hai hệ đều xuất hiện tính chất sắt từ, trong đó từ độ bão hòa của vật liệu ZnO:C cao hơn cỡ 6 lần so với hệ ZnO. Cả hai hệ vật liệu đều là các bán dẫn từ pha loãng (DMS), hứa hẹn các ứng dụng cho các linh kiện đa chức năng.
APPLICATION GIS AND REMOTE SENSINGTO ESTABLISH FLASH FLOOD HAZARD MAP IN TUYEN QUANG PROVINCE
Authors: Trần Đức Văn
Published: July 2021

Tuyen Quang is one of the provinces at high risk of flash floods in the Northern Midlands and Mountains of Vietnam. In the rainy season, like other localities in the region, Tuyen Quang has a long, concentrated rainfall combined with steep hills and mountains, large divisions, many rivers, and streams; In addition, the thinning of the vegetation cover due to excessive exploitation of the forest by the local people causes flash floods to appear more and more. Applying GIS and remote sensing to establish a map of flash flood risk is a quantitative approach and high reliability. This article has established a flash flood hazard map at a scale of 1/100,000 in Tuyen Quang province. In the map database, districts with a high risk of flash flood were identified, including Na Hang, Chiem Hoa, Ham Yen, and Lam Binh, the average flash flood hazard level included districts: Yen Son, Son Duong; Tuyen Quang city has a low risk of flash floods.
Computer Fire Modeling and the Law: Application to Forensic Fire Engineering Investigations
Authors: Icove David , May Thomas
Published: July 2021

Computer fire modeling can be a two-edged tool in forensic fire engineering investigations. Professional standards of care recommend that fire modeling’s primary use is in examining multiple hypotheses for a fire as opposed to determining its origin. This paper covers the current acceptable benefits of computer fire models, historical and pending legal case law, and methods to use modeling results within expert reports and testimony. Particular issues reviewed are the use of animations versus simulations, evidentiary guidelines, and authentication using verification and validation studies.
L’empreinte environnementale des ressources minérales
Authors: VILLENEUVE Jacques , MULLER Stéphanie , BEYLOT Antoine , LAURENT Faustine , LAI Frédéric
Published: July 2021

Notre consommation de ressources minérales et de métaux induit des effets environnementaux dont la mesure implique la connaissance de la production de ces ressources dans le monde et des impacts environnementaux de cette production. La mesure de l’empreinte environnementale de notre consommation est accessible via les tables d’entrées-sorties multirégionales dont les intérêts et les limites sont discutés dans cette étude.
Résister au marché par la consommation responsable en vue de le transformer
Authors: AMINE Abdelmajid , BENHALLAM Mouna
Published: July 2021

Ce chapitre s’intéresse aux pratiques de résistance organisées en ligne par des collectifs de consommateurs adeptes d’une démarche de consommation responsable. Les résultats d’une étude netnographique menée auprès de trois communautés virtuelles, montrent la dimension performative des actions menées par ces communautés sur le plan des comportements individuels, des pratiques marketing des entreprises et des processus de régulation par les pouvoirs publics.
La réparabilité des produits électroménagers : un argument commercial pour les produits utilitaires
Authors: DUPRÉ Mickaël , GABRIEL Patrick , BOULBRY Gaëlle
Published: July 2021

Ce chapitre étudie les effets d’un affichage de réparabilité du produit sur les perceptions et comportements des acheteurs de produits électroménagers. Les résultats soulignent un effet modéré sur la décision d'achat et remettent en cause, pour certains produits, la réparabilité comme critère de décision. Enfin, le chapitre offre des préconisations pour accroître l’acceptabilité des affichages de réparabilité auprès des consommateurs.
Applications mobiles et consommation écoresponsable : typologie, mécanismes et limites
Authors: OCHS Adeline , SCHMITT Julien
Published: July 2021

Ce chapitre propose une analyse des applications mobiles qui accompagnent les consommateurs vers des pratiques plus écoresponsables dans le choix, l’usage ou la fin de vie des produits consommés. Les mécanismes psychologiques et sociaux sous-jacents sont étudiés. Enfin, les implications concernant le nouveau rôle des marques, les devoirs des régulateurs et l’impact du digital sont discutés.
La digitalisation, au service de la consommation socialement responsable ? Focus sur la consommation alimentaire
Authors: GONZALEZ Christine , SIADOU-MARTIN Béatrice , FERRANDI Jean-Marc
Published: July 2021

Cette contribution interroge les paradoxes possibles entre digitalisation et alimentation durable. Au-delà des aspects techniques, se posent les questions relatives aux freins socio-culturels, à la responsabilisation du consommateur et à l’impact environnemental de cette digitalisation. En s’appuyant sur les modèles du changement comportemental des consommateurs, une typologie des dispositifs digitaux est construite selon les bénéfices prodigués et l’ancrage temporel.
Lutte contre le gaspillage alimentaire : approches et limites des actions centrées sur le consommateur
Authors: LE BORGNE Guillaume , DYEN Margot , CHABOUD Géraldine , SEBBANE Maxime
Published: July 2021

Ce chapitre discute le contexte productiviste et libre-échangiste au sein duquel des recommandations sont formulées pour mobiliser les consommateurs contre le gaspillage alimentaire. Le chapitre, en s’appuyant sur l’exemple de la restauration collective, interroge la portée de ces recommandations.
Le marché du vrac : un renouveau des pratiques
Authors: RENIOU Fanny , MONNOT Élisa , SIRIEIX Lucie , DANIEL-CHEVER Maud
Published: July 2021

Le vrac est un marché en croissance qui renouvelle les pratiques de ses parties prenantes. Une étude documentaire, des études auprès de consommateurs et d’experts permettent de : 1) identifier les raisons de l’engouement pour le vrac ; 2) décrire les actions marketing qui soutiennent sa mise en œuvre ; 3) questionner sa capacité à participer au développement durable.
The contribution of coral reef-derived dimethyl sulfide to aerosol burden over the Great Barrier Reef: a modelling study
Authors: Fiddes Sonya , Woodhouse Matthew , Utembe Steve , Schofield Robyn , Alroe Joel , Chambers Scott , Cravigan Luke , Dunne Erin , Humphries Ruhi , Johnson Graham , Keywood Melita , Lane Todd , Miljevic Branka , Omori Yuko , Ristovski Zoran , Sellek Paul , Swan Hilton , Tanimoto Hiroshi , Ward Jason , Williams Alister
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Coral reefs have been found to produce the sulfur compound dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a climatically relevant aerosol precursor predominantly associated with phytoplankton. Until recently, the role of coral reef-derived DMS within the climate system had not been quantified. A study preceding the present work found that DMS produced by corals had negligible long-term climatic forcing at the global-regional scale. However, at sub-daily time scales more typically associated with aerosol and cloud formation, the influence of coral reef-derived DMS on local aerosol radiative effects remains unquantified. The Weather Research and Forecasting – chemistry model (WRF-Chem) has been used in this work to study the role of coral reef-derived DMS at sub-daily time scales for the first time. WRF-Chem was run to coincide with an October 2016 field campaign over the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia, against which the model was evaluated. After updating the DMS surface water climatology, the model reproduced DMS and sulfur concentrations well. The inclusion of coral reef-derived DMS resulted in no significant change in sulfate aerosol mass or total aerosol number. Subsequently, no direct or indirect aerosol effects were detected. The results suggest that the co-location of the Great Barrier Reef with significant anthropogenic aerosol sources along the Queensland coast prevents coral reef derived-aerosol from having a modulating influence on local aerosol burdens in the current climate.
A distributed time-lapse camera network to track vegetation phenology with high temporal detail and at varying scales
Authors: Parmentier Frans-Jan W. , Nilsen Lennart , Tømmervik Hans , Cooper Elisabeth J.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Near-surface remote sensing techniques are essential monitoring tools to provide spatial and temporal resolutions beyond the capabilities of orbital methods. This high level of detail is especially helpful to monitor specific plant communities and to accurately time the phenological stages of vegetation – which satellites can miss by days or weeks in frequently clouded areas such as the Arctic. In this paper, we describe a measurement network that is distributed across varying plant communities in the high Arctic valley of Adventdalen on the Svalbard archipelago with the aim of monitoring vegetation phenology. The network consists of 10 racks equipped with sensors that measure NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), soil temperature, and moisture as well as time-lapse RGB cameras (i.e. phenocams). Three additional time-lapse cameras are placed on nearby mountains to provide an overview of the valley. We derived the vegetation index GCC (green chromatic channel) from these RGB photos, which has similar applications as NDVI but at a fraction of the cost of NDVI imaging sensors. To create a robust time series for GCC, each set of photos was adjusted for unwanted movement of the camera with a stabilizing algorithm that enhances the spatial precision of these measurements. This code is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4554937 (Parmentier, 2021) and can be applied to time series obtained with other time-lapse cameras. This paper presents an overview of the data collection and processing and an overview of the dataset that is available at https://doi.org/10.21343/kbpq-xb91 (Nilsen et al., 2021). In addition, we provide some examples of how these data can be used to monitor different vegetation communities in the landscape.
African anthropogenic emissions inventory for gases and particles from 1990 to 2015
Authors: Keita Sekou , Liousse Catherine , Assamoi Eric-Michel , Doumbia Thierno , N'Datchoh Evelyne Touré , Gnamien Sylvain , Elguindi Nellie , Granier Claire , Yoboué Véronique
Published: July 2021

Abstract. There are very few African regional inventories providing
biofuel and fossil fuel emissions. Within the framework of the DACCIWA
project, we have developed an African regional anthropogenic emission
inventory including the main African polluting sources (wood and charcoal
burning, charcoal making, trucks, cars, buses and two-wheeled vehicles, open
waste burning, and flaring). To this end, a database on fuel consumption and
emission factors specific to Africa was established using the most recent
measurements. New spatial proxies (road network, power plant geographical
coordinates) were used to convert national emissions into gridded
inventories at a 0.1∘ × 0.1∘ spatial resolution. This
inventory includes carbonaceous particles (black and organic carbon) and
gaseous species (CO, NOx, SO2 and NMVOCs) for the period 1990–2015
with a yearly temporal resolution. We show that all pollutant emissions are
globally increasing in Africa during the period 1990–2015 with a growth rate of 95 %, 86 %, 113 %, 112 %, 97 % and 130 % for BC, OC,
NOx, CO, SO2 and NMVOCs, respectively. We also show that Western Africa is the highest emitting region of BC, OC, CO and NMVOCs, followed by
Eastern Africa, largely due to domestic fire and traffic activities, while
Southern Africa and Northern Africa are the highest emitting regions of
SO2 and NOx due to industrial and power plant sources. Emissions
from this inventory are compared to other regional and global inventories,
and the emissions uncertainties are quantified by a Monte Carlo simulation.
Finally, this inventory highlights key pollutant emission sectors in which
mitigation scenarios should focus on. The DACCIWA inventory (https://doi.org/10.25326/56, Keita et al., 2020) including the annual
gridded emission inventory for Africa for the period 1990–2015 is
distributed by the Emissions of atmospheric Compounds and Compilation of
Ancillary Data (ECCAD) system (https://eccad.aeris-data.fr/, last access: 19 July 2021​​​​​​​). For review
purposes, ECCAD has set up an anonymous repository where subsets of the
DACCIWA data can be accessed directly through https://www7.obs-mip.fr/eccad/essd-surf-emis-dacciwa/ (last access: 19 July 2021).
New shell information and new generic attributions for the Egyptian podocnemidid turtles “Podocnemis” fajumensis (Oligocene) and “Podocnemis” aegyptiaca (Miocene)
Authors: Pérez-García Adán
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The early Oligocene “Podocnemis” fajumensis and the early Miocene “Podocnemis” aegyptiaca are two podocnemidid turtles from northern Egypt, defined more than a century ago. Their identification as representatives of the South American genus Podocnemis cannot currently be supported. Relatively limited information on both species was available. In fact, no photograph on the shell of either of them has been published so far, and the type material of both is currently lost. Shell remains of almost 15 specimens of “Podocnemis” fajumensis are analyzed here, including a complete carapace and two complete plastra. A neotype is designated here for the species. An artificial mold of the holotype of “Podocnemis” aegyptiaca is identified, corresponding to its holoplastotype. Both “Podocnemis” fajumensis and “Podocnemis” aegyptiaca are confirmed as valid species, attributable to Erymnochelyini, a clade currently exclusively represented by the Malagasy Erymnochelys madagascariensis. A new diagnosis is proposed for each of these extinct species, including both autapomorphies and a unique combination of characters. They are attributed to two new genera, corresponding to the oldest defined for the African record of Erymnochelyini. Thus, the new combinations Shetwemys fajumensis (http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/B4805343-8533-4DA7-808B-BB972D4471CB, urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B4805343-8533-4DA7-808B-BB972D4471CB) and Apeshemys aegyptiaca (http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/43DD73CF-AAED-47A0-9FFB-EB6CFB80D389, urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:43DD73CF-AAED-47A0-9FFB-EB6CFB80D389) are proposed.
Globally consistent assessment of economic impacts of wildfires in CLIMADA v2.2
Authors: Lüthi Samuel , Aznar-Siguan Gabriela , Fairless Christopher , Bresch David N.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In light of the dramatic increase in economic impacts due to wildfires over recent years, the need for globally consistent impact modelling of wildfire damages is ever increasing. Insurance companies, individual households, humanitarian organisations and governmental authorities, as well as investors and portfolio owners, are increasingly required to account for climate-related physical risks. In this study we present a globally consistent and spatially explicit approach to modelling wildfire impacts using the open-source and open-access risk modelling platform CLIMADA (CLImate ADAptation). All input data is free, public and globally available, ensuring applicability in data-scarce regions of the Global South. The model was calibrated at resolutions of 1, 4 and 10 kilometers using information on past wildfire damage reported by the disaster database EM-DAT. Despite the large remaining uncertainties, the model yields sound damage estimates with a model performance well in line with the results of other natural catastrophe impact models, such as for tropical cyclones. To complement the global 10 perspective of this study, we conducted two case studies on the recent mega fires in Chile (2017) and Australia (2020). The model is made available online as part of a Python package, ready for application in practical contexts such as disaster risk assessment or physical climate risk disclosure.
Brief communication: The role of geophysical imaging in local landslide early warning systems
Authors: Whiteley Jim Scott , Watlet Arnaud , Kendall Jonathan Michael , Chambers Jonathan Edward
Published: July 2021

Abstract. We summarise the contribution of geophysical imaging to local landslide early warning systems (LoLEWS), highlighting how LoLEWS design and monitoring components benefit from the enhanced spatial and temporal resolutions of time-lapse geophysical imaging. In addition, we discuss how with appropriate laboratory-based petrophysical transforms, these geophysical data can be crucial for future slope failure forecasting and modelling, linking other methods of remote sensing and intrusive monitoring across different scales. We conclude that in light of ever increasing spatiotemporal resolutions of data acquisition, geophysical monitoring should be a more widely considered technology in the toolbox of methods available to stakeholders operating LoLEWS.
Is dialogic teaching sustainable? Portrait of a teacher three years after completing a teacher development programme
Authors: Sedova Klara
Published: July 2021

This study deals with the question of whether a change in classroom discourse implemented through teacher professional development (TPD) is sustainable over time. I studied one teacher’s practices and thinking three years after completing a TPD programme focused on dialogic teaching. The data were collected through interviews with the teacher and video recordings of her lessons. The data showed that the teacher continued with dialogic teaching, but she appropriated and modified the concept of dialogic teaching to serve her own needs and preferences. The way the teacher overcame obstacles to sustaining the implemented change is discussed in the study.
STUDENTS’ EMERGENT ARTICULATIONS OF STATISTICAL MODELS AND MODELING IN MAKING INFORMAL STATISTICAL INFERENCES
Authors: MANOR BRAHAM HANA , BEN-ZVI DANI
Published: July 2021

A fundamental aspect of statistical inference is representation of real-world data using statistical models. This article analyzes students’ articulations of statistical models and modeling during their first steps in making informal statistical inferences. An integrated modeling approach (IMA) was designed and implemented to help students understand the relationship between sample and population, as well as reasoning with models and modeling. We explore the articulations of a pair of primary school students, who had previously participated in the Connections Project exploratory data analysis (EDA) activities, and suggest an emergent conceptual framework for reasoning with statistical models and modeling. We shed light on ideas of statistical models and modeling that can emerge among primary students and how they articulate those ideas. Implications for teaching and research are discussed.
First published November 2017 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
STUDENTS’ EMERGENT MODELLING OF STATISTICAL MEASURES – A CASE STUDY
Authors: BÜSCHER CHRISTIAN , SCHNELL SUSANNE
Published: July 2021

The present study investigates the processes of how German middle school students (age 14) interpret, contrast and evaluate different (informal) statistical measures in order to summarise and compare frequency distributions. To trace the developing insights into the properties of these measures, this paper uses the ‘emergent modelling’ perspective: measures are understood as models, which can either be used to make sense of a given situation or to reason about the statistical measures themselves, e.g. in terms of when they can be applied adequately. The emergent modelling approach is used (1) as a theoretical framework for describing students’ conceptual development, and (2) as a design heuristic for developing a teaching-learning arrangement aiming at developing insights about (frequency) distributions and statistical measures. In the qualitative analysis of a design experiment, two students’ emerging contextual and statistical knowledge is identified, revealing the intertwined nature of both types of knowledge. Overall, this paper illustrates the important role the emergent modelling perspective can play for designing as well as describing students’ learning pathways in statistics education.
First published November 2017 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
PRE-SERVICE MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ USE OF PROBABILITY MODELS IN MAKING INFORMAL INFERENCES ABOUT A CHANCE GAME
Authors: KAZAK SIBEL , PRATT DAVE
Published: July 2021

This study considers probability models as tools for both making informal statistical inferences and building stronger conceptual connections between data and chance topics in teaching statistics. In this paper, we aim to explore pre-service mathematics teachers’ use of probability models for a chance game, where the sum of two dice matters in winning the game. We report on an interview with a group of three pre-service teachers as they engaged in predicting and conducting experiments and computer simulations as an attempt to develop a winning strategy. This paper focuses on how the participants came to use the theoretical model of the sum of two dice as they tried to coordinate the combinatorial analysis and the use of data as evidence in their predictions.
First published November 2017 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives