bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dtm-Bf Method for the Flow and Heat Transfer Over a Nonlinearly Stretching Sheet With Nanofluids
Authors: Limei Cao , Yina Sun , Yanan Shen , Xinhui Si
Published: June 2016

This paper investigates an analytical analysis for the flow and heat transfer in a viscous fluid over a nonlinear stretching sheet. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into coupled nonlinear differential equations by introducing a siφmilarity transformation. The asymptotic analytical solutions are obtained by using differential transform method-basic functions (DTM-BF). Four types of nanofluids, namely Cu-water, Ag-water, Al2O3 -water and TiO2 -water were studied. The influence of the nanoparticle volume fraction φ, the nonlinear stretching parameter n , Prandtl number Pr, Eckert number Ec and different nanoparticles on the velocity and temperature are discussed and shown graphically. The comparison with the numerical results is presented and it is found to be in excellent agreement.
Shifted Jacobi Collocation Method Based on Operational Matrix for Solving the Systems of Fredholm and Volterra Integral Equations
Authors: Borhanifar Abdollah , Sadri Khadijeh
Published: June 2016

This paper aims to construct a general formulation for the shifted Jacobi operational matrices of integration and product. The main aim is to generalize the Jacobi integral and product operational matrices to the solving system of Fredholm and Volterra equations. These matrices together with the collocation method are applied to reduce the solution of these problems to the solution of a system of algebraic equations. The method is applied to solve system of linear and nonlinear Fredholm and Volterra equations. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the presented method. Also, several theorems, which are related to the convergence of the proposed method, will be presented.
Co-Evolution Analysis on Coal-Power Industries Cluster Ecosystem Based on the Lotka-Volterra Model: A Case Study of China
Authors: Herui Cui , Xu Peng , Yuqi Zhao
Published: June 2016

This contradiction caused by differences in coal-electricity industry market forces is “market for coal, plans for electricity". The traditional coal and power enterprises cause serious pollution problems and ecological problems in the production process, restricting the sustainable socio-economic development. The coal-electricity industry cluster ecosystem forms may effectively mediate organizations conflict existing in the development of industrial clusters, improving resource utilization, reducing energy consumption, to achieve harmony with the natural environment. This paper combines with the theory of industrial ecology, with the Lotka-Volterra model, to explore co-evolution mechanism of coal–electricity industry cluster at the micro, meso and macro levels. In the end, this paper adapted the "Henon mapping" method to describe the chaos phenomenon existed in the development. This paper put forward specific development model for industrial clusters in lower, steady and advanced stages. The co-evolution coal-electricity industry cluster ecosystem is a good solution to numerous conflicts.
Solution of Quadratic Nonlinear Problems with Multiple Scales Lindstedt-Poincare Method
Authors: Pakdemirli Mehmet , Sarı Gözde
Published: June 2016

A recently developed perturbation algorithm namely the multiple scales Lindstedt-Poincare method (MSLP) is employed to solve the mathematical models. Three different models with quadratic nonlinearities are considered. Approximate solutions are obtained with classical multiple scales method (MS) and the MSLP method and they are compared with the numerical solutions. It is shown that MSLP solutions are better than the MS solutions for the strongly nonlinear case of the considered models.
Stability and Bifurcation Analysis of a Pipe Conveying Pulsating Fluid with Combination Parametric and Internal Resonances
Authors: Zhou Liangqiang , Chen Fangqi , Chen Yushu
Published: June 2016

The stability and bifurcations of a hinged-hinged pipe conveying pulsating fluid with combination parametric and internal resonances are studied with both analytical and numerical methods. The system has geometric cubic nonlinearity. Three types of critical points for the bifurcation response equations are considered. These points are characterized by a double zero and two negative eigenvalues, double zero and a pair of purely imaginary eigenvalues, and two pairs of purely imaginary eigenvalues, respectively. With the aid of normal form theory, the expressions for the critical bifurcation lines leading to incipient and secondary bifurcations are obtained. Possible bifurcations leading to 2-D tori are also investigated. Numerical simulations confirm the analytical results.
Continuous Systems with Odd Nonlinearities: A General Solution Procedure
Authors: Pakdemirli Mehmet , Boyacı Hakan , Yılmaz Mehmet
Published: June 2016

A generalized equation of motion with odd nonlinearities is considered. The nonlinearities of cubic and fifth order are represented in the form of arbitrary operators. The equation of motion, in its general form, may model a class of partial differential equations encountered in vibrations of continuous systems. Approximate analytical solutions are sought using the method of multiple scales, a perturbation technique. Forced vibrations with viscous damping are considered. Frequency-response relation is derived in its most general form. Finally, an application to a specific problem is given.
Numerical Simulation of a Gaseous Fueled (Methane) Combustor
Authors: Kopaç Mehmet , Kopaç Türkan
Published: June 2016

In this study the combustion characteristics of the turbulent combustion of a gaseous fuel (methane) in a cylindrical combustion chamber were predicted numerically. For this reason; the equation of continuity, momentum, energy, chemical reaction rate, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate equations were solved in polar coordinates using the K-ε turbulence model. The change of the axial velocity component, effective pressure, fuel mass fraction, mass fraction of the total combustion products, mass fraction of CO2, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and total enthalpy in the 3-dimensional turbulent polar region were predicted for different angle positions. The results were presented for θ = 72° for this study. The effect of fuel/air momentum was investigated on flow, heat and combustion characteristics. The chemical reaction rate was determined using the eddy-break up model.
A Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Method Based on Exponential Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Fu Sha , Fan Guo-bing
Published: June 2016

Regarding the multi-attribute decision-making problem where both the attribute value and attribute weight of a scheme are exponential fuzzy numbers, this paper proposes a fuzzy multiple attribute decision-making method based on exponential fuzzy numbers. The expected value and variance of the exponential fuzzy number were calculated according to the definitions of expectation and variance in probability theory. By comprehensively considering factors such as expected value, variance, and attitude preference of the decision-maker, this paper gave the score function of the exponential fuzzy number, based on which the accurate attribute weight can be determined. Subsequently, based on the distance measure between exponential fuzzy numbers, the distance was calculated between each scheme and the positive/negative ideal scheme, respectively, and the relative closeness of each scheme was solved; based on this, sorting and prioritizing were conducted. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method were verified through case analysis.
Predictive Abilities of Bayesian Regularization and Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithms in Artificial Neural Networks: A Comparative Empirical Study on Social Data
Authors: Kayri Murat
Published: June 2016

The objective of this study is to compare the predictive ability of Bayesian regularization with Levenberg–Marquardt Artificial Neural Networks. To examine the best architecture of neural networks, the model was tested with one-, two-, three-, four-, and five-neuron architectures, respectively. MATLAB (2011a) was used for analyzing the Bayesian regularization and Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithms. It is concluded that the Bayesian regularization training algorithm shows better performance than the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The advantage of a Bayesian regularization artificial neural network is its ability to reveal potentially complex relationships, meaning it can be used in quantitative studies to provide a robust model.
The Singularities Near the Corner of a Viscoelastic Fluid in a 2D Cavity
Authors: Hüseyin Hüseyin , Willianms R. , Akyıldız F.
Published: June 2016

In this article finite differences are used to study viscoelastic incompressible flow of a Criminale Erickson Filbey fluid in a square cavity flow domain. In this case, the nature of corner singularities is examined in which the fluid is contained and the flow generated by the motion of one or more walls. The governing equations are formulated in terms of stream function and vorticity equation and the corresponding radial parts are defined by a fourth-order non-linear differential equations for Stokes flow. In recent years that mathematical formulations of viscoelastic flows often remain very complex velocity and stress field and then stress singularities are known to occur in several flows as in this article. Therefore, singularity behaviour became a very important current issue in fluid dynamics. However, this article is set up with the aim of examining the corner singularities for cavity driven flow in 2D for viscoelastic flow despite the Newtonian flow being well known. Then we show that the viscoelastic fluid has different singularity behaviour than the viscous fluid near the corner with respect to the shear-rate.
D2 +Nin(T), n=7 and 9, Collision System
Authors: Böyükata Mustafa , Durmuş Perihan , Özçelik Süleyman , Güvenç Ziya , Jellinek Julius
Published: June 2016

In this study the kinetics of reactions of Nin n=7 and 9, clusters with a deuterium D2 molecule are studied via quasiclassical molecular dynamics. Dissociative chemisorption probabilities as functions of impact parameters, collision energies, and a rovibrational state of a molecule are calculated. And the corresponding reactive cross sections are evaluated. Resonance formation in the low collision energy region is discussed.
Three Dimensional Stress Analysis in Adhesively Bonded Joints with Rivets
Authors: Kaya Ali , Tekelioğlu Mehmet , Cerit Muhammet
Published: June 2016

Stress and strain distributions in the adhesively bonded joints subjected to distributed forces are investigated using finite element method. The bonded materials reinforced with rivets are the same. The investigations are conducted on a three dimensional model. The finite element model of the joint is obtained using isoparametric three dimensional elements having eight nodes with three degrees of freedom each. The stress components and their distributions both on adhesive surface and on metallic elements are given in dimensionless from using three dimensional graphics.
Assessing Enviromental Consequences of Water Projects Based on a Pseudo Expert System Approach
Authors: Yurdusev Mehmet
Published: June 2016

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of any development project is now a part of the project analysis today. This is not only required by national and/or international legislation, but also the growing environmental awareness of societies has forced project implementers to consider any environmental consequences beforehand and take the necessary measures to mitigate adverse effects. As a protect cycle may include several steps, the consideration of environmental impacts at each level is now something inevitable. Although large numbers of environmental impact assessment procedures are available, an appropriate. EIA procedure that is compatible with the level must be adopted. To this end, a tailor-made procedure for water resources planning process is devised, which is a computer model for the environmental assessment of planning components such as reservoirs and abstraction schemes etc. The model provides all the necessary facilities and knowledge thereby assisting the user to evaluate a particular impact by means of generic knowledge in relation to the impact and the site characteristics. As such, the model lakes a form of expert system without a proper shell being used. The intention is to use the outcomes of this model including environmental impacts along with the economical considerations in large-scale water resources planning process.
Frictionless Contact between a Rigid Stamp and an Elastic Layered Composite Resting on Simple Supports
Authors: Birinci A.B , Erdöl R.E.
Published: June 2016

The frictionless contact between a rounded or flat-ended rigid stamp and an elastic layered composite is considered according to theory of Elasticity. The elastic layered composite consisted of two materials with different elastic constants and heights is rested on simple supports. It is assumed that the layered composite is subjected to a concentrated load with a magnitude of 2P by means of a rigid stamp on its top surface and the effect of gravity is neglected. Stresses and displacements are expressed depending on the contact pressure using Fourier transforms technique and the problem is formulated in terms of a singular integral equation for the contact pressure. The singular integral equation is solved numerically by using appropriate Gauss- Chebyshev integration. Numerical results obtained for various dimensionless quantities for the contact pressure are presented in graphical form.
Non - Perturbative Solution of the Ginzburg - Landau Equation
Authors: İNÇ M. , BİLDİK N.
Published: June 2016

The Ginzburg—Landau equation is solved by decomposition method.
Monodromy Principle and Universal Coverings
Authors: MUCUK Osman
Published: June 2016

Let G be a star topological groupoid [Definition 2.2]. In this paper using the stmcture of monodromy groupoid we obtain a result which is more general than a result given in [1] and known as monodromy principle. Fuflher if G is a topological group and W is a suitable open neighbourhood of the identity element then we obtain a covering of G.
An Elastic-Plastic Stress Analysis in an Orthotropic Composite Cantilever Beam Loaded Uniformly
Authors: KÜÇÜK Mümin , ÖZCAN Reşat , Arslan Nurettin , GÜR Mustafa
Published: June 2016

In this study an elastic-plastic stress analysis is carried out in an orthotropic composite cantilever beam loaded uniformly at the upper surface. An analytical solution is found satisfying both the governing differential equation in two dimensional case and boundary conditions. In this solution, the intensity of the uniform force is chosen small, therefore oy is neglected in comparison with the other stress components. The angles between the first principal axis and x axis are chosen as 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°. The plastic region begins first at the upper surface of the beam for 30° and 45° orientation angles. However, it starts earlier at the lower surface for 60° orientation angle. The intensity of the residual stress component of is maximum at the upper and/or lower surfaces in the beam. The intensity of the residual stress component of τxy is maximum on or around the longitudinal axis of the beam.
On the Ricci Curvature Tensor of (k+1)-Dimensional Semi Ruled Surfaces Evn+1
Authors: Görgülü Ali , Ekici Cumali
Published: June 2016

If we choose a natural companion basis for \((k+1)\)-dimensional semi-ruled surfaces in semi-Euclidean space \(E_{\nu}^{n+1}\), then the metric coefficients are \(g_{ij} = \epsilon_{i}\delta_{ij}\), \(1\leq i\), \(j \leq k\). In this paper we show that the Ricci curvature tensor of a \((k+1)\)-dimensional semi-ruled surfaces in semi-Euclidean space \(E_{\nu}^{n+1}\) is \( S = \sum_{j,h=0}^{k}{\epsilon_{jh}} \left( \epsilon_{0} R_{h-j}^{0} g_{00} + \sum_{i=0}^{k}{R_{hij}^{i}} + \sum_{i=0}^{k}{g_{i0}} \left(\epsilon_{i} R_{hij} + \epsilon_{0} R_{h0j}^{i} \right)\right) \theta_{j} \otimes \theta_{h}. \) Here, \(\{\theta_{0}, \theta_{1}, ... \theta_{k}\}\) is the dual basis of the local coordinate basis \(\{e_{0} , e_{1} , ...e_{k}\}\).
Trigonometry on Iso-Taxicab Geometry
Authors: Kocayusufoğlu İsmail
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we will define the iso-taxicab trigonmetric functions \(\cos_{I}\theta\), \(\sin_{I}\theta\), \(\tan_{I}\) and \(\cot_{I}\theta\). Then, we will give the subtraction formulas for iso-taxicab trigonometric functions \(\cos_{I}\theta\) and \(\sin_{I}\theta\).
Behavior of Ships in Shallow and Restricted Waters
Authors: Taylan Metin
Published: June 2016

Ship motions in open waters and waves are always dynamic and most of the time are nonlinear. Even though behavior of ships in shallow and restricted waters does not sound as violent at first thought, it is equally important in terms of capsizing. There has been so many casualties reported that claimed so many lives. In this study, squat phenomenon is dealt with especially addressing its determination in the preliminary design stage. For this purpose, approximate formulae have been proposed to predict bow squat of ships and compared with the other methods and experimental data found in the literature to come up with a pragmatic method to guide naval architects and masters towards avoiding excessive squat in shallow water. It is known that forward speed plays an important role in squat, hence there exist a Froude number, called critical speed, for a particular ship at which squat characteristics start changing drastically. This fact is also taken into account in the regressional analysis. Some of the results are then compared with that of the similar studies and a real life incident. It has been found that the method compared fairly well with other methods and experiments.
Determination of the Deflection Function of a Composite Cantilever Beam Using Theory of Anisotropic Elasticity
Authors: Aktaş Alaattin
Published: June 2016

In this paper, deflection function of an orthotropic cantilever beam subjected to point and distributed load are obtained using anisotropic elasticity. The deflections at the free end of the beam are calculated numerically using obtained formulas for different fiber directions.
A Relation between Prime Numbers and Twin Prime Numbers
Authors: Ergin A.
Published: June 2016

Every mathematician has been concerned with prime numbers, and has metwith mysterious surprises about them. Besides intuition, using empirical methods has an important role to findrelations between prime numbers. A relation between any prime numberand any twin prime number has been obtained.
Propagation of Cylindrical Magneto-Gasdynamic Shock Wave with Varying Energy in a Rotating, Gravitating, Non-Uniform Atmosphere
Authors: Ganguly Ashok , Shinde Shilpa
Published: June 2016

A self similar, theoretical model of propagation of cylindrical magneto-gasdynamic shock wave with varying energy in a non-uniform atmosphere, in the interplanetary region, in the presence of rotation and gravitation, has been developed. Subsequently, its comparison with the gas dynamic case has been shown with the help of variations of flow variables with distance graphically. It is seen that the presence of magnetic field generates very high energy at the instant of explosion and its absence in gasdynamic model makes the variation of energy docile.
Vibrations of a Stretched Beam with Non-Ideal Boundary Conditions
Authors: Pakdemirli M. , Boyacı H.
Published: June 2016

A simply supported Euler-Bernoulli beam with immovable end conditions is considered. The concept of non-ideal boundary conditions is applied to the beam problem. In accordance, the boundaries are assumed to allow small deflections. Approximate analytical solution of the problem is found using the method of multiple scales, a perturbation technique.
Pressure Distribution in a Slider Bearing Lubricated with Second and Third Grade Fluids
Authors: Yürüsoy M.
Published: June 2016

A Slider bearing with second and third grade fluids as lubricant is analysed in the present study. The analysis is based on perturbation technique. Choosing second and third grade effects to be smaller than the viscous effects, a perturbation solution is constructed. Under the thin film assumption, inertia terms are negligible compared to the viscous, second and third grade terms. The pressure distributions in the bearing are calculated approximately.
Transient Dynamic Analysis of Laminated Composite Plate Subjected to Low-Velocity Impact
Authors: Aslan Züleyha , Karakuzu Ramazan
Published: June 2016

This paper concerns with the transient response of composite laminates subjected to low-velocity impact. A drop weight impact tower is used for the low velocity impact study and the contact force during impact is measured with a piezoelectric force transducer. Composite laminates, made of E-glass/epoxy and having (0/90/0)s stacking sequence, are considered, Numerical results of E-glass/epoxy cross-ply laminates under three different impact velocities (l m/sec, 2 m/sec and 3 m/sec) and two different impactor masses (135 g and 2600 g) are investigated with 3DIMPACT computer code. Contact force between the impactor and composite laminate, maximum transverse displacement at the center are plotted as functions of time and predicted delamination shapes and sizes are found numerically. The resulting data from the drop-weight tests and computer code provide specific information about the effect of the impactor velocity and impactor mass, all of which have a great influence on the impact response of composite laminates.
Determination of Stress Functions of a Curved Beam Subjected to an Arbitrarily Directed Single Force at the Free End
Authors: Kılıç Osman , Aktaş Alaattin
Published: June 2016

In this study, closed form stress functions of a curved beam are determined by theory of elasticity. The beam is subjected to a single force arbitrarily directed at the free end. Stresses are plotted for various sections of the beam and various directions of the force.
Some Bounds on \(\ell_p\) Matrix and \(\ell_p\) Operator Norms of Almost Circulant, Cauchy-Toeplitz and Cauchy-Hankel Matrices
Authors: Solak Süleyman , Bozkurt Durmuş
Published: June 2016

Let Cn, Tn and Hn denote almost circulant, Cauchy-ToeplitZ and Cauchy-Hankel matrices, respectively. We find some upper bounds for \(\ell_p\) matrix norm and \(\ell_p\) operator norm of this matrices. Moreover, we give some results for Kronecker products Cn\(\otimes\)Tn and Cn\(\otimes\)Hn.
On Complexity of a Global Optimization Problem
Authors: Nuriyev Urfat
Published: June 2016

The Solution of the Subproblem of the Cutting Angle Method of Global Optimization for problems of minimizing increasing Positively Homogeneous of degree one functions is proved to be NP-Complete. For the proof of this fact we formulate another problem which we call "Dominating Subset with Minimal Weight". The solution of this problem is also NP-Complete.
Adaptive GIS Image Compression and Restoration Using Neural Networks
Authors: Al-Bastaki Yousif
Published: June 2016

This study aims to describe research into the field of GIS image compression, decompression and restoration. Geographical Information System (GIS) data comprises huge size into memory. For this purpose, it needs compression, which has high compression rate. But high compression rate cause of some distortion and losses. Restoration is a process by which an image suffering some form of distortion or degradation can be recovered to its original form. The proposed windows-based image compression and restoration was implemented using Delphi.
Neural Network Using Genetic Algorithm for Magnetic Performance Prediction of Toroidal Wound Cores at 50 Hz
Authors: Kucuk Ilker , Derebasi Naim
Published: June 2016

Geometrical and building parameters have a strong influence on magnetic performance of toroidal wound cores made from grain oriented 3% SiFe electrical steel. From a sample of 40 cores with dimensions ranging from 35 to 160 mm outer diameter, 25 to 100 mm inner diameter and JO to 70 mm strip width and a flux density range of 0.1 to 1.7 T have been obtained and used as training data to a generalised feedforward neural network.
Prediction of Magnetic Properties of Strip Wound Toroidal Cores up to 2 Khz Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Derebasi Naim , Kucuk Ilker
Published: June 2016

Although magnetic wound cores have simple geometries, their magnetic properties vary in a complex manner depending on core geometry and dimensions etc. These parameters have a strong influence on magnetic performance of wound toroidal cores made from electrical steels or similar strip products. Through theoretical evaluation and experimental measurements carried out over a few years, magnetic performance of a range of strip wound cores have been quantified at low and high frequency. Using this information a neural network model has been developed for prediction core magnetic field strength, power loss and permeability a wide range of flux density and frequency. Input parameters include variables such as core geometry; dimensions strip width and thickness, induction frequency and flux density. The developed network provides flexibility in the choice of training parameters. transfer functions and training algorithm thereby enhancing accuracy.
Cutting Tool Condition Monitoring Using Surface Texture via Neural Network
Authors: Sağlam Haci , Kaçar Hülya
Published: June 2016

For defining surface finish and monitoring tool wear is essential for optimisation of machining parameters and performing automated manufacturing systems. There is very close relationship between tool wear and surface finish parameters as surface roughness (Ra,) and maximum depth of profile (Rt). The machined surface reflects the rate of tool wear and the plot of surface pmvides reliable information about tool condition. In this paper an approach for estimating Ra,and Rt in milling process using the artificial neural networks is proposed. Feed-forward multi-layered neural networks, trained by the back-propagation algorithm are used. In training phase seven input parameters (v, f, d, Fx, Fy, Fz and Vb) and two output parameters are used and the network architecture is as 7x6x6x6x2. It was found that the ANN results are very close to the experimental resuks. The developed model can be used to define the quality of surface finish in tool condition monitoring systems.
Fuzzy Inference System Based on Neural Network for Technological Process Control
Authors: Abiyev Rahib
Published: June 2016

The implementation of a fuzzy system for technological process control based on parallel architecture and learning capabilities of neural networks is considered. The algorithms of fuzzy inference system on neural network (neuro-fuzzy system) are described. To train unknown coefficients of the system, the supervised learning algorithm is used. As a result of learning, the rules of neuro-fuzzy system are generated. The neuro-fuzzy system is applied to control a dynamic plant. Using desired time response characteristics of the system the synthesis of neuro-fuzzy controller for technological process control is carried out. The simulation result of the neuro-fuzzy control system is compared with the simulation results of control systems based on PID- and neural controller. It is found that the neuro-fuzzy control system has better control performance than the others.
Multilevel Architecture for Multidimensional Data Base
Authors: Salahli M.
Published: June 2016

A Multidimensional Data Base is an essential element of decision support, which allows to process complex queries. In this paper, a multilevel distributed Data Model for MDDB is presented. Metadata for MDDB on relations is introduced. To improve efficiency of query processing, fuzzy cache fact table is proposed.
Boolean Functions Simplification Algorithm of O(n) Complexity
Authors: Kahramanli Şirzat , Başçiftçi Fatih
Published: June 2016

The minimization of Boolean functions allows designers to make use of fewer components, thus reducing the cost of particular system. All procedures for reducing either two-level or multilevel Boolean networks into prime and irredundant form have O(2n) complexity. Prime Implicants identification step can be computational impractical as n increases. Thus it is possible to get method in order to find the minimal set of Prime Implicants of O(n) complexity instead of O(2n).
Mechanical Stability and Elastic Properties of Some FCC Metals: A Many- Body Potential Applications
Authors: Çiftci Yasemin , ÇolakoğIu Kemal
Published: June 2016

To represent the total energy of fcc metals(Cu. Ag, Al. Ca, Sr) the potential functions are assumed to be composed of the two-body pairwise Rydberg potential and volume dependent energy (P1V) which represent many body interactions. Energy, stress and elastic moduli calculations are performed on the basis of Rydberg and Rydberg plus P1V potentials to locate the stress-free bcc phase on the fcc metals. The studied crystals are subjected to unconstrained (100) uniaxial tension and compression for all computations. Also, these potentials are used to calculate the second- and third-order elastic constants, Cij and Cijk, The obtained results are compared with the available experimental data and the agreement is good.
Upper Bounds for the Spectral and lp Norms of Cauchy-Toeplitz and Cauchy-Hankel Matrices
Authors: Solak Süleyman , Türkmen Ramazan , Bozkurt Durmuş
Published: June 2016

In this study we have given some upper bounds for the spectral and lp norms of Cauchy-Toeplitz and Cauchy-Hankel matrices of the forms T = [1/(1/2 + |i + j|]n×n and H= [1/(1/2 + (i + j))]n×n respectively.
A Simple Method for Calculating the Number of Atoms in Ion Implanted Samples from the RBS Yield
Authors: Can N. , Belik H.G.
Published: June 2016

A simple method that computes the number of atoms in implanted samples from the integral of the elastic backseattering yield, using a pocket calculator, is represented. The energy dependence E-2, of the Rutherford law and the screening of the nuclear charge by the electron cloud is considered. The method is based on the assumption that the stopping power is a linearly decreasing function of the energy in the range from 1.4 MeV to 2 MeV. The total yield can be integrated analytically, and the number of atoms in the sample can then be ascertained by an iteration procedure that can be accomplished with a scientific pocket calculator, The results obtained are compared with the values obtained using the computer simulation code for RBS spectra RUMP.
A Method for Solving 0-1 Multiple Objective Programming Problem Using Data Envelopment Analysis Technique
Authors: Jahanshahloo G. R. , Lotfi F. , Shoja N. , Tohidi G.
Published: June 2016

In this paper a method for finding efficient solutions of a 0-1 Multiple Objective Linear (Nonlinear) programming Problem using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique is proposed. In this method, for each feasible solution of 04 Multiple Objective Programming (0-1 MOP) problem, a Decision Making Unit (DMU) is introduced. Using the additive model, the relative efficiency of these DMUs is evaluated. Each feasible solution corresponding to an efficient DMU is the efficient solution of 0-1 MOP problem.
Solvability Conditions and Green Functional Concept for Local and Nonlocal Linear Problems for a Second Order Ordinary Differential Equation
Authors: Akhiev Seyidali
Published: June 2016

A generally nonlocal problem is investigated for a class of second order differential equations with weak singularities. New adjoint problem and Green functional concepts are introduced for completely nonhomogeneous problem. The solvability conditions of the completely nonhomogeneous problem and corresponding adjoint problem are obtained in an alternative form.
Determination of Friction Coefficient at Journal Bearings by Experimental and by Means of Artificial Neural Networks Method
Authors: Ünlü Bekir , Durmuş Hülya , Meriç Cevdet , Atik Enver
Published: June 2016

Knowing friction coefficient is important for determination of wear loss conditions at journal bearings. Tribological events that influence wear and its variations affect experimental results. In this study, friction coefficient at CuSn10 Bronze radial bearings has been determined by a new approach as experimental and artificial neural networks method. In experiments, effects of bearings have been examined at dry and lubricated conditions and at different loads and velocities.
Efficacy of Folic Acid Supplementation in Autistic Children Participating in Structured Teaching: An Open-Label Trial
Authors: Sun Caihong , Zou Mingyang , Zhao Dong , Xia Wei , Wu Lijie
Published: June 2016

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are recognized as a major public health issue. Here, we evaluated the effects of folic acid intervention on methylation cycles and oxidative stress in autistic children enrolled in structured teaching. Sixty-six autistic children enrolled in this open-label trial and participated in three months of structured teaching. Forty-four children were treated with 400 μg folic acid (two times/daily) for a period of three months during their structured teaching (intervention group), while the remaining 22 children were not given any supplement for the duration of the study (control group). The Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) and Psychoeducational Profile-third edition (PEP-3) were measured at the beginning and end of the treatment period. Folic acid, homocysteine, and glutathione metabolism in plasma were measured before and after treatment in 29 autistic children randomly selected from the intervention group and were compared with 29 age-matched unaffected children (typical developmental group). The results illustrated folic acid intervention improved autism symptoms towards sociability, cognitive verbal/preverbal, receptive language, and affective expression and communication. Furthermore, this treatment also improved the concentrations of folic acid, homocysteine, and normalized glutathione redox metabolism. Folic acid supplementation may have a certain role in the treatment of children with autism.
Effects of Beer, Non-Alcoholic Beer and Water Consumption before Exercise on Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis in Athletes
Authors: Castro-Sepulveda Mauricio , Johannsen Neil , Astudillo Sebastián , Jorquera Carlos , Álvarez Cristian , Zbinden-Foncea Hermann , Ramírez-Campillo Rodrigo
Published: June 2016

Fluid and electrolyte status have a significant impact on physical performance and health. Pre-exercise recommendations cite the possibility of consuming beverages with high amounts of sodium. In this sense, non-alcoholic beer can be considered an effective pre-exercise hydration beverage. This double-blind, randomized study aimed to compare the effect of beer, non-alcoholic beer and water consumption before exercise on fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Seven male soccer players performed 45 min of treadmill running at 65% of the maximal heart rate, 45 min after ingesting 0.7 L of water (W), beer (AB) or non-alcoholic beer (NAB). Body mass, plasma Na+ and K+ concentrations and urine specific gravity (USG) were assessed before fluid consumption and after exercise. After exercise, body mass decreased (p < 0.05) in W (−1.1%), AB (−1.0%) and NAB (−1.0%). In the last minutes of exercise, plasma Na+ was reduced (p < 0.05) in W (−3.9%) and AB (−3.7%), plasma K+ was increased (p < 0.05) in AB (8.5%), and USG was reduced in W (−0.9%) and NAB (−1.0%). Collectively, these results suggest that non-alcoholic beer before exercise could help maintain electrolyte homeostasis during exercise. Alcoholic beer intake reduced plasma Na+ and increased plasma K+ during exercise, which may negatively affect health and physical performance, and finally, the consumption of water before exercise could induce decreases of Na+ in plasma during exercise.
The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Osteoporosis: A Review
Authors: Wong Sok , Chin Kok-Yong , Suhaimi Farihah , Ahmad Fairus , Ima-Nirwana Soelaiman
Published: June 2016

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis are two major healthcare problems worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of medical conditions consisting of central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, in which each acts on bone tissue in different ways. The growing prevalence of MetS and osteoporosis in the population along with the controversial findings on the relationship between both conditions suggest the importance for further investigation and discussion on this topic. This review aims to assess the available evidence on the effects of each component of MetS on bone metabolism from the conventional to the contemporary. Previous studies suggested that the two conditions shared some common underlying pathways, which include regulation of calcium homeostasis, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of the NF-κB (RANK)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways. In conclusion, we suggest that MetS may have a potential role in developing osteoporosis and more studies are necessary to further prove this hypothesis.
Maternal Dietary Patterns and Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Chen Xuyang , Zhao Diqi , Mao Xun , Xia Yinyin , Baker Philip , Zhang Hua
Published: June 2016

Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy will affect the outcomes for the mother and the baby. Many analyses of the relationship between diet and outcome are often based on a single or a few food items or nutrients. However, foods are not consumed in isolation and dietary patterns can be used to assess the whole diet consumed. The use of dietary pattern analysis to understand nutritional intake and pregnancy outcome is becoming more and more popular. Many published studies have showed the association between maternal dietary patterns and pregnancy outcome. This review examined articles about the relationship between maternal dietary patterns and pregnancy outcome. As a modifiable factor, dietary patterns may be more applicable to clinical and pregnant health interventions.
pH-Responsive Tumor-Targetable Theranostic Nanovectors Based on Core Crosslinked (CCL) Micelles with Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance (MR) Dual Imaging Modalities and Drug Delivery Performance
Authors: Tian Sidan , Liu Guhuan , Wang Xiaorui , Zhang Guoying , Hu Jinming
Published: June 2016

The development of novel theranostic nanovectors is of particular interest in treating formidable diseases (e.g., cancers). Herein, we report a new tumor-targetable theranostic agent based on core crosslinked (CCL) micelles, possessing tumor targetable moieties and fluorescence and magnetic resonance (MR) dual imaging modalities. An azide-terminated diblock copolymer, N3-POEGMA-b-P(DPA-co-GMA), was synthesized via consecutive atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), where OEGMA, DPA, and GMA are oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate, 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate, respectively. The resulting diblock copolymer was further functionalized with DOTA(Gd) (DOTA is 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakisacetic acid) or benzaldehyde moieties via copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) chemistry, resulting in the formation of DOTA(Gd)-POEGMA-b-P(DPA-co-GMA) and benzaldehyde-POEGMA-b-P(DPA-co-GMA) copolymers. The resultant block copolymers co-assembled into mixed micelles at neutral pH in the presence of tetrakis[4-(2-mercaptoethoxy)phenyl]ethylene (TPE-4SH), which underwent spontaneous crosslinking reactions with GMA residues embedded within the micellar cores, simultaneously switching on TPE fluorescence due to the restriction of intramolecular rotation. Moreover, camptothecin (CPT) was encapsulated into the crosslinked cores at neutral pH, and tumor-targeting pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP, sequence: AEQNPIYWARYADWLFTTPLLLLDLALLVDADEGTCG) moieties were attached to the coronas through the Schiff base chemistry, yielding a theranostic nanovector with fluorescence and MR dual imaging modalities and tumor-targeting capability. The nanovectors can be efficiently taken up by A549 cells, as monitored by TPE fluorescence. After internalization, intracellular acidic pH triggered the release of loaded CPT, killing cancer cells in a selective manner. On the other hand, the nanovectors labeled with DOTA(Gd) contrast agents exhibited increased relaxivity (r1 = 16.97 mM−1·s−1) compared to alkynyl-DOTA(Gd) small molecule precursor (r1 = 3.16 mM−1·s−1). Moreover, in vivo MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) measurements revealed CCL micelles with pHLIP peptides exhibiting better tumor accumulation and MR imaging performance as well.
Defuzzification Strategies for Fuzzy Classifications of Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Hofmann Peter
Published: June 2016

The classes in fuzzy classification schemes are defined as fuzzy sets, partitioning the feature space through fuzzy rules, defined by fuzzy membership functions. Applying fuzzy classification schemes in remote sensing allows each pixel or segment to be an incomplete member of more than one class simultaneously, i.e., one that does not fully meet all of the classification criteria for any one of the classes and is member of more than one class simultaneously. This can lead to fuzzy, ambiguous and uncertain class assignation, which is unacceptable for many applications, indicating the need for a reliable defuzzification method. Defuzzification in remote sensing has to date, been performed by “crisp-assigning” each fuzzy-classified pixel or segment to the class for which it best fulfills the fuzzy classification rules, regardless of its classification fuzziness, uncertainty or ambiguity (maximum method). The defuzzification of an uncertain or ambiguous fuzzy classification leads to a more or less reliable crisp classification. In this paper the most common parameters for expressing classification uncertainty, fuzziness and ambiguity are analysed and discussed in terms of their ability to express the reliability of a crisp classification. This is done by means of a typical practical example from Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA).
Realistic Image Rendition Using a Variable Exponent Functional Model for Retinex
Authors: Dou Zeyang , Gao Kun , Zhang Bin , Yu Xinyan , Han Lu , Zhu Zhenyu
Published: June 2016

The goal of realistic image rendition is to recover the acquired image under imperfect illuminant conditions, where non–uniform illumination may degrade image quality with high contrast and low SNR. In this paper, the assumption regarding illumination is modified and a variable exponent functional model for Retinex is proposed to remove non–uniform illumination and reduce halo artifacts. The theoretical derivation is provided and experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Self-Reported Use and Reasons among the General Population for Using Sports Nutrition Products and Dietary Supplements
Authors: Wardenaar Floris , Van den Dool Remko , Ceelen Ingrid , Witkamp Renger , Mensink Marco
Published: June 2016

The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of dietary supplements (DS’s) and sport nutrition product (SNPs) among the general population, to identify differences for gender, age, and exercise frequency, and to determine the main reasons for use. The study was designed as a web-based questionnaire in a representative sample (n = 1544) of the Dutch population. Sixty-two percent (n = 957) of the respondents reported having used DS’s, SNPs, or both in the last twelve months. Women and older people reported the highest DS use. The highest use of SNPs was reported by regular exercising men and younger people with improving sporting performance as their main objective. Most frequently reported DS’s were multivitamins (28%) and vitamin C (19%)—for SNPs, energy drinks (22%) and isotonic drinks (19%). Health considerations were the most important motivation (DS’s 90% and SNPs 52%), but also performance was substantially reported (DS’s 14% and SNPs 35%). A substantial group of sedentary respondents also reported the use of SNPs. This study confirms that DS’s, SNPs, or both are widely used among the general population. Both health as performance are important reasons for use. It can be questioned whether the use of SNPs fits all respondents’ physical activity needs.
Venomic Analysis of the Poorly Studied Desert Coral Snake, Micrurus tschudii tschudii, Supports the 3FTx/PLA2 Dichotomy across Micrurus Venoms
Authors: Sanz Libia , Pla Davinia , Pérez Alicia , Rodríguez Yania , Zavaleta Alfonso , Salas Maria , Lomonte Bruno , Calvete Juan
Published: June 2016

The venom proteome of the poorly studied desert coral snake Micrurus tschudii tschudii was unveiled using a venomic approach, which identified ≥38 proteins belonging to only four snake venom protein families. The three-finger toxins (3FTxs) constitute, both in number of isoforms (~30) and total abundance (93.6% of the venom proteome), the major protein family of the desert coral snake venom. Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s; seven isoforms, 4.1% of the venom proteome), 1–3 Kunitz-type proteins (1.6%), and 1–2 l-amino acid oxidases (LAO, 0.7%) complete the toxin arsenal of M. t. tschudii. Our results add to the growing evidence that the occurrence of two divergent venom phenotypes, i.e., 3FTx- and PLA2-predominant venom proteomes, may constitute a general trend across the cladogenesis of Micrurus. The occurrence of a similar pattern of venom phenotypic variability among true sea snake (Hydrophiinae) venoms suggests that the 3FTx/PLA2 dichotomy may be widely distributed among Elapidae venoms.
Tryphiodore et la μίμησις
Authors: Orsini Pierre
Published: June 2016

Author of α Taking of Ilium of 692 lines, the greek poet Tryphiodorus (5th. Century Α.Ώ.) constantly practices imitation (mimesis) of Homer. The themes are identical, but the expression varies in its details and the episodes are often developed — with great scholarship. The influence of Homer's scholiasts can be felt on the scrupulously detailed work of Tryphiodorus.
L'architecture du Bellum Ciuile de César
Authors: Chênerie Maurice
Published: June 2016

L'architecture de l'ensemble formé des deux premiers livres du Bellum Ciuile renseigne sur les desseins politiques de César et l'habileté de son entreprise apologétique. Elle invite à penser que la division du texte en trois livres est postérieure, que César ne songeait pas à s'affranchir des traditions de l'annalistique et qu'il a rédigé son ouvrage après Thapsus, peu de temps avant sa mort probablement. L'utilisation au livre III d'une autre technique de construction n'infirme pas les conclusions avancées : la matière du récit impose en effet une disposition différente.
Cultes champêtres sur des intailles d'époque romaine
Authors: Guiraud Hélène
Published: June 2016

Étude de trois cornalines gravées en intaille, provenant de Saintes (Charente), St-Genis (Ain), Mailhac (Aude), présentant des scènes d'offrandes champêtres. Sur d'autres intailles, des peintures, des stucs..., on retrouve les mêmes éléments : statue de dieu ou édicule, arbre, autel, humains ou cortège dionysiaque. A partir de détails réalistes, d'un thème déjà connu, le Romain crée une ambiance nouvelle, imaginaire, expression d'un besoin profond de libération. Ces œuvres datent de l'époque d'Auguste.
L'Astrologie dans l'Antiquité
Authors: Hübner Wolfgang
Published: June 2016

This survey of classical astrology is in three parts :

a) a summary of its rich and eventful history from the Babylonians to the Renaissance ;

b) the methods of calcufotion which remained the same throughout the period, based on the pfanets, the zodiac and the «twelve houses» ;

c) an analysis of astrological thought, which is quite different from any modern approach ; providing a rigid interpretation of the universe, it granted confort and security. It presents a curious combination of religion and science : the physics is the one forwarded by the stoics, with an equal balance of the four elements, and the microcosmic economy within the soul representing the macrocosmic one ; but such a determinism is in contradiction with the Stoics' sense of responsability which presupposes free will.