bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Метод итераций для расчета железобетонных элементов на основе нелинейной деформационной модели
Authors: ШЕВЧЕНКО Андрей Викторович , ДАВИДЮК Артем Алексеевич , БАГЛАЕВ Николай Николаевич
Published: June 2022

Несмотря на бурное развитие методов нелинейного расчета, приведенных в многочисленных публикациях и нормативной литературе, практически отсутствует их численная реализация, а также подробное описание алгоритмов расчета. В статье рассматривается решение системы уравнений нелинейной деформационной модели нормального сечения сжато-изогнутого элемента методом итераций. Подробно излагается разбиение нормального сечения на отдельные участки, порядок вычисления жесткостных коэффициентов, определение секущего модуля деформаций, положение нейтрального слоя на начальном и последующих этапах итерационного процесса. Приводится анализ сходимости итерационного процесса и оценки точности расчета. Даны численный пример расчета с диаграммами деформирования стали и бетона, анализ и сравнение результатов с нормативной методикой. Проведены дополнительные численные исследования и построена поверхность предельных усилий сжато-изогнутого элемента. Для решения уравнений в физически нелинейной постановке применен метод итераций. Статья может быть полезна специалистам, область деятельности которых связана с расчетами строительных конструкций в физически нелинейной постановке.
Мелкозернистый бетон на модифицированном вяжущем (на английском языке)
Authors: ДЕМИССЕ Бекеле Арега , ЖУКОВ Алексей Дмитриевич , ПОУДЕЛ Рави Сагар
Published: June 2022

Мелкозернистые модифицированные бетоны - основа для получения группы конструкционных и конструкционно-теплоизоляционных материалов, в частности, дисперсно-армированного бетона, различных типов текстиль-бетонов, а в случае применения легкого заполнителя - легких бетонов. Особый интерес представляют материалы, в которых могут использоваться активные минеральные добавки в портландцемент, снижающие расход этого дорогостоящего и энергоемкого вяжущего. Туфы являются продуктом вулканических извержений, используются в качестве строительного стенового материала и для отсыпки дорог. Туфы как минеральная добавка в портландцемент эффективны в улучшении свойств цементного теста и смешанного вяжущего. Цель исследования - оптимизация состава гидравлического вяжущего на основе туфа-скория, а также возможность использования туфо-портландцементного вяжущего в составе легкого мелкозернистого бетона, в котором в качестве мелкого заполнителя использован песок из дробленого туфа. Полученная в результате графической интерпретации алгебраического полинома номограмма позволяет определять оптимальные расходы компонентов и может быть использована при разработке методики подбора состава композиционного вяжущего. Представлен оптимальный состав комплексного вяжущего: расход туфа - 120 кг/м3, золы - 50 кг/м3, портландцемента - 350 кг/м3, что дает возможность получить вяжущее активностью до 60 МПа. Экономия портландцемента составляет 30 %. В мелкозернистом бетоне оптимальный расход мелкого заполнителя из дробленого туфа - 35 %. Однако возможно его увеличение до 50 % массы всего мелкозернистого заполнителя.
Дефекты наружных стен с лицевым слоем из пустотелого кирпича
Authors: ИЩУК Михаил Карпович , ИЩУК Евгений Михайлович , АЙЗЯТУЛЛИН Халит Алиевич , ЧЕРЕМНЫХ Виктория Александровна
Published: June 2022

Описаны основные дефекты наружных многослойных стен с лицевым слоем из пустотелого кирпича. На основе проведенных натурных наблюдений, экспериментальных и численных исследований установлено, что эти дефекты вызывает комплекс причин. Среди них выделяются такие, как несоблюдение требований по устройству вертикальных и горизонтальных деформационных швов, расшивке растворных швов кладки, качеству исполнения опорных узлов кладки лицевого слоя на стальные кронштейны. Показано, что применение пустотелого кирпича требует соблюдения дополнительных конструктивных ограничений по сравнению с кладкой из полнотелого кирпича. Даже в случае высокой марки по морозостойкости пустотелый кирпич подвержен разрушению при замерзании воды, попадающей в его пустоты. Вероятность разрушения пустотелого кирпича при температурных воздействиях, изгибе стены из плоскости также существенно выше, чем у полнотелого кирпича той же марки по прочности. На примере построенных зданий показана ненадежность вертикальных зигзагообразных деформационных швов, проходящих по вертикальным и горизонтальным растворным швам кладки. Значительное количество дефектов кладки лицевого слоя было сосредоточено на участках таких швов. Особенно это касается случаев выполнения кладки лицевого слоя из пустотелого кирпича. Многих дефектов удалось бы избежать в случае применения полнотелого кирпича, однако промышленность строительных материалов до настоящего времени не освоила в достаточном количестве его выпуск, что помимо прочего связано с его более высокой стоимостью по сравнению с пустотелым.
Экспериментальные исследования устойчивости трубобетонных колонн
Authors: КРЫЛОВ Сергей Борисович , АРЛЕНИНОВ Пётр Дмитриевич , КОРНЮШИНА Марина Петровна
Published: June 2022

Представлены материалы испытаний образцов трубобетонных колонн, проведенных с целью проверки методики определения критических сил согласно нормативу для данного вида конструкций. В качестве образцов для испытаний использовали заполненные бетоном стальные трубы двух поперечных сечений. Изложены расчетные предпосылки вычисления критических сил для сжатых трубобетонных элементов в предельном состоянии. Приведены конструкция образцов колонн, методика проведения данного вида испытаний, графики прогибов, полученных в процессе проведения испытаний каждого образца, в зависимости от величины продольной нагрузки, а также методика определения расчетных длин образцов. Рассмотрен вопрос о назначении экспериментальной предельной нагрузки. Имеются данные о характере разрушения бетона внутри металлической оболочки образцов. Проанализированы и сопоставлены результаты, полученные опытным и расчетно-аналитическим путем. Оценены опытным путем точность зависимостей для определения критической силы, а также прочности нормальных сечений трубобетонных колонн. Во всех случаях отмечается высокая степень соответствия опытных и расчетных данных.
К расчету железобетонной биологической защиты сферического реактора
Authors: МОРОЗОВ Валерий Иванович , ПУХАРЕНКО Юрий Владимирович , ХЕГАЙ Евгений Олегович
Published: June 2022

Атомная энергетика - важнейшая отрасль глобальной энергетики. Себестоимость электроэнергии, вырабатываемой на атомных электростанциях, а также отсутствие выбросов аэрозолей и парниковых газов в атмосферу являются одними из ключевых факторов, благодаря которым можно говорить о серьезной конкуренции с другими видами электростанций. Вопросы безопасности, связанные с радиационным воздействием, решаются с использованием биологической защиты в виде толстостенной железобетонной оболочки, толщина стенки которой достигает 3-3,5 м. Статья посвящена созданию аналитического приближенного расчета толстостенной сферической оболочки с одиночным армированием. Ранее была обнаружена эффективность применения сферических толстостенных оболочек в качестве полярно-симметричных оболочек. В основу метода расчета положены некоторые предложения применительно к реакторам цилиндрической формы. Суть этих предложений состоит в использовании уравнений теории упругости для описания сжатых областей, при этом в растянутой области учитывается только слой арматуры, который также считается упругим и однородным. Для полярно-симметричной оболочки решение приводится впервые.
Сейсмостойкий кирпич на основе отходов производства без применения природного сырья
Authors: АБДРАХИМОВ Владимир Закирович , АБДРАХИМОВА Елена Сергеевна
Published: June 2022

Согласно исследованиям большинство легкоплавких (кирпично-черепичных) российских глин классифицируются как полукислые и кислые, причем неспекающиеся, с низким содержанием оксида алюминия. При таком содержании оксида алюминия в глинистых материалах из них невозможно изготовить высокомарочный кирпич для возведения несущих стен нижних этажей зданий повышенной этажности (10 этажей и выше). К основным резервам для выпуска высокомарочных керамических кирпичей и камней следует отнести отходы цветной металлургии с повышенным содержанием оксида алюминия, которые можно применять в качестве отощителей. Использование шлака от выплавки безуглеродистого феррохрома в производстве сейсмостойкого кирпича на основе межсланцевой глины позволяет получать стеновой материал без применения природных традиционных материалов. В оптимальном составе для получения сейсмостойкого кирпича шлак от выплавки безуглеродистого феррохрома составляет третью часть. Очевидно, что дальнейшее увеличение в составах керамических масс данного шлака потребует и повышения температуры обжига.
Социально-экологические аспекты реставрации объектов культурного наследия и задачи реставраторов в XXI веке
Authors: ПРЯДКО Игорь Петрович
Published: June 2022

Рассматривается роль реставрации объектов культурного наследия в создании биосферно-совместимой городской среды. Выполненные в большинстве случаев из природных материалов памятники архитектуры улучшают визуальную среду, положительно влияют на психоэмоциональное состояние людей, способствуют усвоению традиционных ценностей новыми поколениями горожан. Роль архитектурных памятников в формировании архитектурно-планировочного пространства рассматривается на примере усадебно-парковых комплексов, расположенных на юго-западе Московского региона. Большинство этих комплексов представляют собой деревянные постройки. В статье показано, какие знания и умения требуются от реставраторов, восстанавливающих деревянные памятники усадебной архитектуры. Автором используется метод ретроспективного анализа литературных источников. Поднимаемые в статье вопросы затрагивают проблемы влияния городской среды на сохранность памятников архитектуры в новых округах российской столицы. Выводы, сделанные автором, имеют как практическую, так и теоретическую значимость.
The Faza Qur’an: Three Nineteenth-Century Illuminated Manuscripts from Coastal East Africa
Authors: Hirji Zulfikar A.
Published: June 2022

This article concerns three illuminated Qur’an manuscripts that were produced in coastal East Africa in the first half of the nineteenth century. Two of the manuscripts are currently located in collections in Oman and the third is in a collection in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Analysis shows that these manuscripts comprise three parts of a four-part Qur’an that was copied by ʿAbd al-Karīm b. ʿUmar al-Nawfalī (d. 1274/1857) in Faza, a town located on Pate Island in the Lamu archipelago in Kenya. The article describes the three Faza manuscripts and, using colophon evidence and external sources, situates the copyist and the manuscripts in their historical context. The article also provides a summary of the academic study of illuminated Qur’an manuscripts from coastal East Africa to date and provides a list of these manuscripts.
ʿUlūm al-Qurʾānand the Diffusion of a New Methodology: A Rare Female Contribution to Qur’anic Sciences
Authors: Sayeed Asma
Published: June 2022

This article examines the contributions of Farida Zomorrod, a female Qur’anic Sciences professor who has devoted herself to developing al-manhaj al-muṣṭalaḥī, a recent methodological trajectory of Qur’anic sciences in contemporary Morocco. As a current of reformist thought, this approach calls for renewed engagement with the Qur’an, especially through the study of technical concepts that can unlock Qur’anic interpretations and meanings relevant to contemporary challenges. Although the field of ‘women and the Qur’an’ has grown in recent decades, it has focused primarily on feminist hermeneutics. Less attention has been paid to scholars such as Zomorrod, who has not aligned herself with Islamic feminism: a lacuna which this article aims to address in some measure.
BENTUK DAN MAKNA RAGAM HIAS NISAN PADA MAKAM MASYARAKAT DESA HENDEA
Authors: Rahim La Ode Sultivan , Suseno Sandy
Published: June 2022

Nisan kubur merupakan tanda tentang adanya sebuah peradaban dan kepercayaan yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat pendukungnya. Begitu pula nisan Mayasa yang dimiliki masyarakat Desa Hendea. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bentuk ragam hias yang ada pada nisan makam masyarakat Desa Hendea dan untuk mengetahui makna yang terkandung di dalam bentuk ragam hias nisan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan Arkeologi Sejarah budaya dan Semiotika dalam menjawab permasalahan penelitian. Hasil penelitian pada nisan Mayasa menunjukan adanya bentuk ragam hias berupa geometris, dekoratif, dan hewan. Ragam hias geometris mendominasi hiasan pada bagian kepala nisan dan sebagian pada bagian bawah tubuh nisan Mayasa. Ragam hias dekoratif terdapat pada bagian kepala dan sebagian besar mendominasi hiasan pada bagian tubuh Mayasa. Ragam hias hewan terdapat pada tubuh nisan dan berdampingan dengan ragam hias dekoratif. Adapun makna yang terkandung didalamnnya yakni adanya penggambaran bentuk antromorfik laki-laki dan perempuan serta kepercayaan masyarakat Desa Hendea tentang kehidupan setelah kematian.
IDENTIFIKASI TINGGALAN ARKEOLOGI PADA SITUS GUA DOMPO-DOMPO DI DESA SUKARELA JAYA, KECAMATAN WAWONII TENGGARA, KABUPATEN KONAWE KEPULAUAN
Authors: Aldin Muhammad , Alim Abdul , Sukri M. Hafiz
Published: June 2022

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di Gua Dompo-Dompo, ditemukan tinggalan arkeologis berupa tulang belulang manusia, fragmen gerabah, dan moluska. Adapun lingkungan Gua Dompo-Dompo sendiri berada pada lahan perkebunan masyarakat sekitar. Adapun permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Apa saja tinggalan arkeologi pada Situs Gua Dompo-Dompo di Desa Sukarela Jaya. (2) Bagaimana fungsi Gua Dompo-Dompo pada masa lalu berdasarkan temuan arkeologinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan teori sejarah budaya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan model penalaran induktif. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui studi pustaka, observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Selanjutnya data tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis reduksi data, analisis morfologi, dan analisis kontekstual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Situs Gua Dompo-Dompo memiliki temuan fragmen tembikar, fragmen gelang, dan sisa-sisa tulang belulang manusia, yang menunjukan adanya satu kesatuan fungsional, bahwa pada masa lalu Gua Dompo-Dompo berfungsi sebagai Gua Penguburan.
Slide Presentation on the Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: June 2022

The Riemann Hypothesis is a conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part 1/2. In 2011, Patrick Solé and Michel Planat stated a new criterion for the Riemann Hypothesis. We prove the Riemann Hypothesis is true using this criterion.
Note on the Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: June 2022

The Riemann Hypothesis is a conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part $\frac{1}{2}$. In 2011, Sol{\'e} and and Planat stated that the Riemann Hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\prod_{q\leq q_{n}}\left(1+\frac{1}{q} \right) >\frac{e^{\gamma}}{\zeta(2)}\times \log\theta(q_{n})$ is satisfied for all primes $q_{n}> 3$, where $\theta(x)$ is the Chebyshev function, $\gamma\approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant and $\zeta(x)$ is the Riemann zeta function. Using this result, we create a new criterion for the Riemann Hypothesis. We prove the Riemann Hypothesis is true using this new criterion.
The Implementation of NodeMCU ESP8266 for Smart Lamp in the Cilacap State Polytechnic Campus Area
Authors: Rahmat Saepul , Nurdiasari Anna , Zaenurrohman Zaenurrohman
Published: June 2022

Lamps are household electrical devices. In general, the lights are controlled through switches which require the user to move towards the switch to turn the lights on/off. To save time, lights can be controlled via the internet of things using the NodeMcu ESP8266. The purpose of making a smart lamp using the NodeMCU ESP8266 is to make it easier to turn it on and off with a smartphone without the need to look for a switch. This smart lamp can be controlled via a virtual button on the Blynk application or based on a set clock. The results obtained from the design of this tool are that the smart lamp will turn on at 8.00 AM and will turn off automatically at 3.00 PM, or by pressing the virtual button on Blynk. There is a slight delay when the lights will turn on or off, this is caused by the strength of the internet from the wifi connected to the ESP8266.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Konten Media Sosial Menuju Terwujudnya Desa Wisata Wringinsongo Tumpang Malang
Authors: Agustina Hiqma Nur , Ririn Pratiwi Suharto  , Nugrahaningtyas Fatma Anyassari  , Maya Rizky Fauzia  , Novitasari
Published: June 2022

Salah satu cara untuk memulihkan perekonomian Indonesia, khususnya di sektor pariwisata adalah dengan membangun Desa Wisata. Desa wisata ini merupakan potensi yang perlu dikembangkan dan diberdayakan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat desa sehingga memiliki daya saing serta menjadi lokomotif kebangkitan perekonomian. Desa Wringinsongo yang terletak di Kecamatan Tumpang, Kabupaten Malang memiliki potensi bidang pertanian, perikanan, industri kreatif dan juga pariwisata. Semua potensi tersebut akan dapat berkembang dan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat apabila didukung oleh promosi yang memadai. Kegiatan PPM (Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat) berupa pelatihan pembuatan konten media sosial di Instagram diberikan kepada anggota BUMDes Tirta Jaya Kreasi guna membantu terwujudnya Desa Wisata. Sebagai hasilnya peserta pelatihan mendapatknn pengetahuan dan keterampilan teknik mengambil gambar dan menulis konten yang nmenarik di Instagram.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN SHAMPO HERBAL UNTUK KADER POSYANDU “KAMBOJA” KELURAHAN TASIKMADU, KOTA MALANG
Authors: Mufid  , Shabrina Adani Putri  , Hadi Priya Sudarminto
Published: June 2022

Mayoritas penduduk kelurahan Tasikmadu bermata pencaharian sebagai petani, karena lahan pertanian yang tersedia masih cukup luas dibandingkan kelurahan lain di Kota Malang. Hal ini menjadikan merang padi di Kelurahan Tasikmadu menjadi potensi alam yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk menaikkan nilai ekonomis serta meningkatkan daya jual dari merang padi tersebut di daerah setempat. Kegiatan taman posyandu Kamboja meliputi posyandu, Bina Keluarga Balita (BKB), dan pos Paud. Penyuluhan pembuatan produk sehat dari bahan herbal merupakan salah satu kegiatan utama dan umumnya menjadi prioritas dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan posyandu. Permasalahan mendasar dari kader posyandu antara lain kurangnya pengetahuan tentang pemanfaatan potensi alam yang dimiliki keluarahan Tasikmadu, belum memiliki keterampilan membuat produk perawatan badan sehat dari bahan herbal. Adapun Solusi yang ditawarkan tim PPM Polinema untuk mengatasi permasalahan mitra antara lain pelatihan dan pendampingan pembuatan sampo herbal dari merang padi yang bernilai ekonomis dan banyak manfaatnya untuk rambut. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah pemberian materi berupa ceramah dan video tutorial serta demonstrasi praktek pembuatan sampo dari merang padi. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah bahwa para peserta dapat memperoleh ketrampilan baru yang dapat dikembangkan untuk berwirausaha dan meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga.
Pelatihan Aplikasi Lembar Kerja Karang Taruna di Lingkungan Perumahan Kota Malang
Authors: Sigit Setya Wiwaha  , Hakim Muhammad Fahmi , Ananto Rhezal Agung , Wibowo Sigi Syah , Duanaputri Rohmanita
Published: June 2022

Pemuda di lingkungan Perumahan Kota Malang Bagian Barat juga memiliki antusiasme yang tinggi terhadap aplikasi di telepon genggam, laptop, maupun komputer. Namun banyak yang belum menguasai aplikasi-aplikasi yang berkaitan dengan produktivitas yang bisa dipasang di gawai. Pada saat ini, kegiatan di organisasi maupun tugas-tugas di sekolah sangat melibatkan data-data dan angka-angka yang perlu dikelola. Pengolahan data atau angka tersebut bisa sangat sulit dilakukan jika menggunakan aplikasi yang kurang tepat bahkan secara manual. Sebenarnya sudah ada aplikasi yang paling tepat untuk mengolah data dan angka yaitu MS Excel. Aplikasi ini bisa menjadi sangat sulit digunakan jika tidak memahaminya, begitu pula sebaliknya. Berdasarkan kedua kondisi di atas, maka dapat diambil suatu peluang untuk dapat melaksanakan pengabdian pada masyarakat berbentuk pelatihan pengoperasian Microsoft Excel (MS Excel) pada pemuda karang taruna dengan harapan mereka dapat mengenal dan memperoleh pengetahuan di dalam mengoperasikan program komputer berkaitan dengan aplikasi lembar kerja.  Sehingga akan mempermudah mereka di dalam mengikuti kegiatan di organisasi maupun dalam menyelesaikan tugas sekolah atau kuliah.
PELATIHAN DAN PEMASANGAN IP CAMERA CCTV SEBAGAI PEMANTAU KEAMANAN DI RT 01 RW 01, DESA DURENAN, TRENGGALEK
Authors: Fakhruddin Muhammad , Mashudi Imam , Purwoko Purwoko , Muzaki Mochamad , Pramita Sari Nurlia
Published: June 2022

Wilayah RT 01 RW01, Desa Durenan, Trenggalek wilayahnya berbatasan dengan jalan provinsi dengan arus lalu lintas kendaraan sepeda motor, mobil, dan moda angkutan lain yang ramai. Terdapat lokasi pemberhentian bus dan angkutan umum untuk menaikkan dan menurun barang dan penumpang. Kondisi cukup ramainya lalu-lalang orang dan kendaraan tersebut memberikan keuntungan bagi penaikan kondisi perekonomian masyrakat sekitar sekaligus memberikan potensi meningkatnya kerawanan tindak kejahatan, kerawan terjadinya kecelakaan, kebakaran, bahaya-bahaya lainnya. Memberikan peningkatan pemahaman kepada warga untuk mengenali dan memanfaatkan teknologi baru yang dapat meningkatkan peran serta warga untuk dapat berkontribusi positif dalam mingkatkan keamanan, kenyaman lingkungan sekaligus mampu memeberikan data rekaman kronologis suatu kejadian untuk kebutuhan penganalisaan lanjutan menjadi sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Dalam kegiatan ini warga dilatih untuk mengetahui dan memahami teknologi IP Camera CCTV yang kemudian dilakukan proses pemasangan, penyetingan, dan pengoperasian, serta perawatannya.
Edukasi Potensi Air Sumber Menjadi Air Minum Dalam Kemasan Desa Wringinsongo Tumpang
Authors: Moentamaria Dwina , Chrisnandari Rosita Dwi , Ariani  , Sjaifullah Achmad
Published: June 2022

Desa Wringinsongo Kecamatan Tumpang mempunyai potensi alam berupa sumber mata air yang berlimpah. Sumber mata air tersebut tidak hanya dimanfaatkan pada sektor pariwisata, namun juga dimanfaatkan sebagai pembangkit listrik mikrohidro dan juga penyediaan air bersih. Dengan melimpahnya sumber air di Desa Wringinsongo diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan dengan lebih optimal, misalnya seperti pemanfaatan air sumber menjadi air siap minum dalam bentuk Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK). Namun dalam rangka pemanfaatan sumber air tersebut menjadi AMDK dibutuhkan peralatan yang memadai dan instalasi yang benar. Hingga saat ini belum ada instalasi pemanfaatan air sumber menjadi AMDK disebabkan pemahaman dan pengetahuan warga terkait hal tersebut masih minim. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk mengedukasi masyarakat sekitar tentang potensi air sumber yang dapat diolah menjadi air siap minum sekaligus proses pengolahan airnya dengan menggunakan alat reverse osmosis. Metode yang diterapkan adalah penyuluhan, pemasangan alat pengolahan air dan monitoring. Penyuluhan dilakukan untuk menjelaskan tahapan-tahapan pengolahan air dari sumber hingga siap dikonsumsi. Pemasangan alat sebagai implementasi nyata pengolahan air sumber dan monitoring dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi instalasi alat agar berjalan dengan baik. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian diharapkan mampu memberikan kemudahan bagi warga untuk mengonsumsi air siap minum dengan cepat dan praktis.
Hollanda Örneğinde Türkiye’den Avrupa Ülkelerine İşgücü Göçü
Authors: YILDIZ Fatih
Published: June 2022

II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemde, başta Almanya olmak üzere Hollanda, Fransa, Belçika gibi ülkelerin istihdam piyasalarında ortaya çıkan işgücü açığı, başta Türkiye olmak üzere Yunanistan, Yugoslavya, İspanya gibi ülkelerden sağlanmıştır. Avrupa ülkelerine Türk işgücü göçü, geçici bir süre için gidecek ve kalifiye olarak ülkeye dönecek işçilerle Türkiye’nin gelişen sanayisi için kalifiye eleman ihtiyacının karşılanacağı düşüncesiyle Türk hükümetleri tarafından desteklenmiştir. Bu çerçevede Almanya, Hollanda, Belçika, Fransa, Avusturya ve İsveç’le 1960’lı yıllarda işgücü anlaşmaları yapılmış ve çok sayıda Türk Avrupa ülkelerine işçi olarak gitmeye başlamıştır. 1970’lerle birlikte dünyada değişen dengeler ve sanayi toplumlarının yerini sanayi sonrası toplumlara bırakmaya başlaması ve işgücü piyasalarının değişen talepleri, Avrupa ülkelerine Türk işgücü göçünün seyrini değiştirmiştir. 1970’lerin ortalarından itibaren, aile birleşimleriyle Türk işçilerin eşlerini ve çocuklarını yanlarına almaya başlaması sonucunda, Avrupa ülkelerinde yaşayan Türklerin sayısında ciddi artışlar meydana gelmiştir. Büyük çoğunluğu erkeklerden oluşan ve işsizlik gibi sorunları olmayan birinci nesil Türkler, zamanla başta işgücü piyasasında yaşanan değişime ve ev sahibi ülkelerin değişen yaklaşımlarına bağlı olarak, işsizlik, ayrımcılık gibi çeşitli sorunlarla yüzleşmeye başlamışlardır. Öte yandan bu süreçte önemli sayıda Avrupa Türkü, Avrupa ülkelerinde işçi olmanın ötesinde işveren konumuna gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, 1960’lardan itibaren Avrupa ülkelerine gerçekleşen Türk işgücü göçü, Hollanda örneğinde, dünyanın değişen dengelerini dikkate alarak sosyolojik bir şema içinde ele alınmaktadır.
First Year Survey of Arthropods in California Hemp
Authors: Britt Kadie E. , Meierotto Sarah , Morelos Victoria , Wilson Houston
Published: June 2022

Hemp is a newly (re)introduced crop to United States and California agriculture. A study was initiated in the summer of 2021 to survey the arthropods present in hemp in two regions of California: Fresno County in the Central Valley and Ventura County along the Central Coast. Eight hemp plots were sampled every two weeks from August to mid-October using a combination of D-vac samples, leaf collections, and visual observations. All samples were processed and ultimately recorded as the total number of specimens collected per morphospecies across all sampling dates, further broken down to express the number of specimens collected from the Central Valley and the Central Coast. D-vac sampling was the most reliable method for specimen collection and led to the recovery of arthropods from 11 orders, 69 families, and 157 morphospecies. Approximately 13,000 specimens were collected and processed, half of which were whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Of the specimens recovered, Hemiptera was the most representative order (with and without whiteflies), followed by Thysanoptera and then Hymenoptera. The most frequently collected specimen was Engytatus modestus (Hemiptera: Miridae). Very few pest species were recovered, cannabis aphid (Phorodon cannabis) being the only one that was observed in any noticeable density. Many generalist predators and parasitoid wasps were also collected. Findings from this survey provide baseline information on the arthropod species present in California hemp. This survey will be repeated and expanded in future growing seasons.
Three-Dimensional Visualization of Mouse Endometrial Remodeling After Superovulation
Authors: Qu Yongcun , Zhang Jia , Guo Shanshan , Zhang Liwen , Qian Jingjing , Zhu Xili , Duan Enkui , Zhang Ying
Published: June 2022

Uterine status determines pregnancy success. Although it is well known that superovulation operations can disrupt uterine function, our understanding of the morphological changes in the uterine endometrium at the three-dimensional (3D) level is limited. Here, combining the tissue clearing with 3D deep imaging, we reveal an increase in epithelial density and angiogenesis after ovarian stimulation, which is accompanied by a circulating surge in P4 levels. Using an ovariectomized mouse model, we further detected the separate regulatory effects of P4 and E2 on the uterine endometrium, with P4 promoting endothelial cell growth and E2 inducing epithelial proliferation. Additionally, we observed that the effects of E2 can be partially neutralized by P4, and vice versa. By analyzing the 3D uterine imaging, we discovered an interesting phenomenon in which the growing blood vessels closely surround the remodeling uterine epithelium, indicating a close relationship between angiogenesis and epithelial growth. These findings provide new insight into the uterine epithelial changes and angiogenesis at the 3D level, and explain a potential reason for endometrial changes due to the low implantation rate in patients undergoing clinic super-ovulation.
Imidazolized Activated Carbon Anchoring Phosphotungstic Acid as a Recyclable Catalyst for Oxidation of Alcohols With Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Zheng Min , He Huiting , Li Xiangzhou , Yin Dulin
Published: June 2022

Keggin-type phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on imidazolyl-activated carbon (AC-COIMI-HPW) catalysts was prepared, which was used to catalyze the oxidation of benzyl alcohol with aqueous H2O2. In the presence of AC-COIMI-HPW, the benzyl alcohol conversion of 90.2% with 91.8% selectivity of benzaldehyde was obtained at 90°C for 6 h in an acetonitrile aqueous solution. The catalyst exhibited an outstanding performance for the oxidation of various benzyl alcohols and aliphatic alcohols. In addition, the catalyst could be easily recovered and reused five times without significant deactivation. The characterization results showed that HPW was chemically bonded on the surface of the carbon material through an ionic bond. It is proposed that the combination of the imidazole cation with the HPW anion could not only tune the redox catalytic properties of the PW anion but also enhance the compatibility of the catalyst in the reaction medium, thereby improving the catalytic performance.
Research on the Bioactivity of Plant Essential Oils on Armyworm [Mythimna separata (Walker)] Larvae
Authors: Wang Tao , Ren Yanling , Zhao Jinyu , Liu Yao , Xu Bin , Yang Maofa , Zhao Wanling , Zheng Xinian , Wang Juan , Deng Liuqiong
Published: June 2022

In order to find out the biological activity of plant essential oils on armyworm [Mythimna separata (Walker, 1865)] larvae and provide a theoretical basis for the biological control of armyworms, in this study, the antifeedant activity, repellent activity, fumigation activity, contact activity, and synergistic effect on indoxacarb of nine kinds of plant essential oils on armyworm larvae were determined. The results showed that lavender and citronella essential oils had the greatest impact on the antifeedant activity on armyworm larvae, and the antifeedant rate reached 100.00%. Meanwhile, rosemary essential oil revealed the best repellent activity on armyworm larvae with an average dwell time of 0 s at the content of 0.2%. Moreover, tea tree essential oil and lemon essential oil at the content of 2.0% had the best fumigation and contact activity against armyworm larvae, and the corrected mortality rates at 120 h were 86.67 and 66.67%, respectively. In addition, the combination of citronella essential oil and indoxacarb with the ratio of 5:1 had the best synergistic effect on armyworm larvae at 96 h, and the synergistic ratio was reached 100.00%. These findings will guide the development of new insecticides for controlling armyworm larvae.
Porous Adsorption Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture in Industrial Flue Gas
Authors: Zeng Hongxue , Qu Xinghong , Xu Dong , Luo Yang
Published: June 2022

Due to the intensification of the greenhouse effect and the emphasis on the utilization of CO2 resources, the enrichment and separation of CO2 have become a current research focus in the environment and energy. Compared with other technologies, pressure swing adsorption has the advantages of low cost and high efficiency and has been widely used. The design and preparation of high-efficiency adsorbents is the core of the pressure swing adsorption technology. Therefore, high-performance porous CO2 adsorption materials have attracted increasing attention. Porous adsorption materials with high specific surface area, high CO2 adsorption capacity, low regeneration energy, good cycle performance, and moisture resistance have been focused on. This article summarizes the optimization of CO2 adsorption by porous adsorption materials and then applies them to the field of CO2 adsorption. The internal laws between the pore structure, surface chemistry, and CO2 adsorption performance of porous adsorbent materials are discussed. Further development requirements and research focus on porous adsorbent materials for CO2 treatment in industrial waste gas are prospected. The structural design of porous carbon adsorption materials is still the current research focus. With the requirements of applications and environmental conditions, the integrity, mechanical strength and water resistance of high-performance materials need to be met.
Experimental Study on Non-Darcian Flow in Phyllite Bimrocks With the Orientation of Blocks
Authors: Wan Yuhao , Zhao Xiaoyan , Zhang Guangze , Wünnemann Bernd , Ling Sixiang , Zeng Caiyun
Published: June 2022

Phyllite bimrocks are widely distributed in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, and it is the main geomaterial for landslides, slopes, dam basement and subgrades in this area. However, the flow behavior of phyllite bimrocks is unknown, especially the flow behavior of phyllite bimrocks with the orientation of blocks. This paper reports the coupling characteristics of flow and orientation of blocks in phyllite bimrocks. The flow behavior of phyllite bimrocks with different block percentages and block sizes was studied by a series of permeability experiments. A large-scale permeability apparatus was designed, and specimens with varying percentages of block and block sizes were produced by the same dip angle of blocks and compaction degree. Based on the Reynolds number analysis, it was found that the flow in phyllite bimrocks becomes laminar to turbulent under lower hydraulic gradient, and the flow behavior of phyllite bimrocks does not obey Darcy’s law. Furthermore, the Forchheimer equation is better at analyzing the flow behavior of phyllite bimrocks compared with Izbash equation. In addition, based on the coefficients a in the Forchheimer equation, the hydraulic conductivity of phyllite bimrocks can be calculated. The calculation result shows that when the percentage of blocks is 25%, the hydraulic conductivity reaches the minimum. Besides, the hydraulic conductivity increases approximately linear with the block size increase. On the basis of previous studies, coefficients A and B of the Forchheimer equation are detected by the normalized objective function analysis. The results would provide a valuable reference for risk assessment and prevention of phyllite bimrock slope.
Swedish Parents’ Perspectives of Belonging in Early Years Education
Authors: Karlsudd Peter
Published: June 2022

This article presents the results and experiences on parents’ perspectives of belonging in early years education. The study aimed to investigate how the parents assess the fulfilment of the inclusion goals that apply to the Swedish pre-school activities. Another aim was to learn about the parents’ perspectives on factors and pedagogical approaches that promote diversity and belonging. The study involves the answers from 454 parents/guardians of pre-school pupils. When the parents were asked directly if their children were excluded by others in the group, 14% stated it was true. The present study tried to find factors and connections to strengthen the pre-school’s inclusive working methods. One way to have children become more included in the group is to get the parents more involved and familiar with activities and for the staff to convey the goals that apply to activities.
The Association of Homocysteine and Diabetic Retinopathy in Homocysteine Cycle in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Luo Wei-Ming , Zhang Zhi-Peng , Zhang Wei , Su Jing-Yang , Gao Xiao-Qian , Liu Xu , Wang Wan-Ying , Jiang Chang-Tao , Fang Zhong-Ze
Published: June 2022

Objective

This study aimed to explore the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the impacts of the Hcy pathway on this relationship against this background.

Methods

This study retrieved 1979 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University in Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of Hcy cycle on the relationship between Hcy and DR. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between risk factors related to DR progression and Hcy. Finally, the results of logistic regression were supplemented by mediation analysis.

Results

We found there was a negative correlation between low concentration of Hcy and DR (OR : 0.83, 95%CI: 0.69-1). After stratifying all patients by cysteine (Cys) or Methionine (Met), this relationship remained significant only in low concentration of Cys (OR: 0.75, 95%CI: 0.61-0.94). Through the RCS curve, we found that the effect of Hcy on DR presents a U-shaped curve relationship. Mediating effect in Met and Hcy cycles was also significant [Total effect c (OR: 0.968, 95%CI: 0.938-0.998), Direct effect path c’ (OR: 0.969, 95%CI: 0.940-0.999), Path a (OR: 1.047, 95%CI: 1.004-1.091), Path b (OR: 0.964, 95%CI: 0.932-0.998)].

Conclusions

The relationship between Hcy and DR presents a U-shaped curve and the homocysteine cycle pathway has an impact on it. And too low concentration of Hcy indicates a lack of other substances, such as vitamins. It is suggested that the progression of DR is the result of a combination of many risk factors. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the role of Hcy in the pathogenesis of DR.
Exploration of Noninvasive Detection of Advanced Glycation End Products in the Lens to Screen for Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhang Xue-Meng , Gao Yuan , Yang Meng-Xue , Zheng Xiao-Di , Zhang Rui , Wu Yue-Yue , Zeng Miao , Yang Qian , Yu Zhi-Yan , Liu Jun , Zha Bing-Bing , Yang Bo
Published: June 2022

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a complication of diabetes, which is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (dialysis). DKD has a high mortality rate, and only early detection can nip this disease in the bud. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)are generally believed to be involved in the occurrence of DKD. Studies have shown that the lens AGEs fluorescence for noninvasive detection has high consistency with the gold standard OGTT, has high sensitivity and specificity, and could be used as a practical tool for the early screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Therefore, we speculated that the noninvasive lens AGEs fluorescence detection method can be used to predict the occurrence of DKD. This study detected levels of AGEs in multiple cellular and tissues and analyzed the relationships between AGEs and lens, eyeballs, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), serum, and kidney. Additionally, we examined the possible role of lens AGEs fluorescence in DKD screening. Our preexperimental study found that lens AGE levels in patients with T2DM were positively correlated with PBM and serum AGE levels. Lens AGE levels in patients with T2DM were negatively correlated with eGFR and positively correlated with urinary ACR. The animal and cell experiments showed that the AGE levels in the eyeballs of DM mice were also positively correlated with those in the serum and kidney. To increase the reliability of the experiment, we increased the sample size. In our results, lens AGEs levels were positively correlated with the occurrence of DKD, and the incidence of DKD in the high lens AGEs group was 2.739 times that in the low lens AGEs group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that patients with T2DM with a lens AGEs value ≥ 0.306 were likely to have DKD. The area under the ROC curve of the noninvasive technique for identifying DKD was 0.757 (95% Cl: 0.677-0.838, p<0.001), and the sensitivity and specificity were 70.0% and 78.7%, respectively. These results suggest that noninvasive lens AGEs detection technology has certain clinical value in diagnosing whether patients with T2DM have DKD.
Lipid Analysis of Follicular Fluids by UHPLC-ESI-HRMS Discovers Potential Biomarkers for Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
Authors: Gao Yue , Li Jingjie , Fan Shicheng , Chen Pan , Huang Min , Bi Huichang
Published: June 2022

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a serious iatrogenic complication during ovarian stimulation. Even though the incidence of OHSS was relatively low in clinical practice, the consequence can be potentially devastating and life-threatening. Abnormal lipid metabolism may relate to the pathological development of OHSS, but there is still a research gap in the lipidomic research. So here in our study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS) based lipidomic analysis was performed using follicular fluid samples obtained from 17 patients undergoing OHSS. The lipid profiles of OHSS patients were characterized by increased cholesterol ester (ChE) and decreased lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), sphingomyelin (SM), dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine (dMePE) and lysodimethylphosphatidylethanolamine (LdMePE). Totally 10 lipids including LPC(18:0), SM(d18:1/16:0), PC(18:0/18:1), PC(20:2/20:5), PC(16:0/18:1), TG(16:0/18:1/18:1), TG(16:0/18:2/18:2), TG(16:0/16:1/18:1), ChE(20:4) and TG(8:0/8:0/10:0) were selected as differential lipids. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the alteration of various lipids in OHSS patients, which suggested the key role of lipids during the development of OHSS and shed light on the further pathophysiological research of OHSS.
Genomic DNA Methylation in Diabetic Chronic Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wang Xixi , Yang Wenhong , Zhu Yunyan , Zhang Shiyu , Jiang Miao , Hu Ji , Zhang Hong-Hong
Published: June 2022

Aim

To explore the relationship between genomic DNA methylation and diabetic chronic complications.

Methods

299 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were enrolled. We divided the patients into different complications groups and corresponding non-complication groups. Clinical and biochemical parameters were compared between the two groups. The level of genomic DNA methylation in leukocytes was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

(1) Age, duration of diabetes, creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), genomic DNA methylation, 24- hour urine total protein (24-hUTP), and intima-media thickness (IMT) were significantly higher in the carotid plaque (CP) group. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular- filtration rate (eGFR), and albumin (Alb) were significantly lower in the CP group. Gender, age and BMI were the influencing factors of CP. (2) Age, duration, Cr, BUN, urinary microalbumin creatinine ratio (UACR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), TCSS, and 24- hUTP were significantly higher in the diabetic retinopathy (DR) group. eGFR, 2h postprandial C- peptide, and Alb were lower in the DR group. Age, duration, Cr, Alb, SBP, and the presence of DN were the influencing factors of DR. (3) Age, duration, HbA1c, BUN, TCSS, SBP, and IMT(R) were significantly higher in the diabetic nephropathy (DN) group. 2h postprandial C-peptide, and Alb were lower in the DN group. HbA1c, BUN, DR, and HBP were the influencing factors of DN. (4) Age, duration, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), Cr, BUN, uric acid (UA), and SBP were significantly higher in the diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) group. The level of genomic DNA methylation and eGFR were significantly lower in the DPN group. Age, duration, LDL-C, UA, the presence of DR, and the genomic DNA methylation level were the influencing factors for DPN. Incorporating the level of genomic DNA methylation into the prediction model could improve the ability to predict DPN on the basis of conventional risk factors.

Conclusion

Low level of genomic DNA methylation is a relatively specific risk factor for DPN in patients with T2DM and not a contributing factor to the other chronic complications.
Emerging Roles of the Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 (ACKR3) in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Duval Vincent , Alayrac Paul , Silvestre Jean-Sébastien , Levoye Angélique
Published: June 2022

Chemokines, and their receptors play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Chemokines classically mediate their effects by binding to G-protein-coupled receptors. The discovery that chemokines can also bind to atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) and initiate alternative signaling pathways has changed the paradigm regarding chemokine-related functions. Among these ACKRs, several studies have highlighted the exclusive role of ACKR3, previously known as C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7), in CVD. Indeed, ACKR3 exert atheroprotective, cardioprotective and anti-thrombotic effects through a wide range of cells including endothelial cells, platelets, inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. ACKR3 functions as a scavenger receptor notably for the pleiotropic chemokine CXCL12, but also as a activator of different pathways such as β-arrestin-mediated signaling or modulator of CXCR4 signaling through the formation of ACKR3-CXCR4 heterodimers. Hence, a better understanding of the precise roles of ACKR3 may pave the way towards the development of novel and improved therapeutic strategies for CVD. Here, we summarize the structural determinant characteristic of ACKR3, the molecules targeting this receptor and signaling pathways modulated by ACKR3. Finally, we present and discuss recent findings regarding the role of ACKR3 in CVD.
Lifestyle or Environmental Influences and Their Interaction With Genetic Susceptibility on the Risk of LADA
Authors: Carlsson Sofia
Published: June 2022

Background

LADA is a common form of diabetes described as a mix between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Understanding of how genes and environmental factors interact in the development of LADA is central for future efforts to prevent the disease. This review aims to synthesize the literature on lifestyle factors linked to LADA risk and discuss their potential interaction with genetic susceptibility.

Findings

Current knowledge on environmental risk factors for LADA is primarily based on observational data from Scandinavian populations. Increasing evidence suggest that lifestyle factors promoting type 2 diabetes such as obesity, sedentariness, low birth weight and smoking, is implicated in the risk of LADA. Data from mendelian randomization studies support that the link between LADA and obesity, low birth weight and smoking is causal. Limited evidence indicates that dietary factors including consumption of red meat, coffee and sweetened beverages may increase the risk while consumption of alcohol and omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk. Several lifestyle factors, including smoking and obesity, seem to interact with human leukocyte antigen genes associated with autoimmunity, conferring much stronger effects on disease risk among those exposed to both factors.

Available studies suggest that lifestyle modification has the potential for prevention of LADA, particularly for individuals with high risk of disease such as those with genetic susceptibility. Research into risk factors of LADA is however limited, confirmations are warranted, many factors remain to be explored, and there is a need for intervention studies to assess causality