bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Evaluation of Self-Reported Training Volume as an Adjunct Measure of Female Athlete Triad Risk in Division 1 Collegiate Female Runners
Authors: Parnell Sarah , Graybeal Austin J. , Renna Megan E. , Stavres Jon
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: This study tested whether self-reported training volume is predictive of female athlete triad risk collected using an established twelve-question triad screening tool in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (DI) collegiate female runners. Methods: A total of 319 institutions were initially contacted, seven of which agreed to distribute surveys to their female cross-country and track and field athletes. A total of 41 of 149 respondents completed the survey and met all inclusion criteria. Linear and binomial logistic regressions examined the relationships between self-reported training volumes and estimated triad risk. Independent samples t-tests were also used to compare training volumes across the high (> 50th percentile for risk factor counts) vs. low-risk groups. Results: Total weekly competition and conditioning resistance training hours were associated with the total number of triad risk factors (p = 0.044) and were also predictive of the triad risk group (p = 0.037). Likewise, both competition and conditioning resistance training hours (p = 0.034) were higher in the high-risk group versus the low-risk group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that self-reported resistance training volume is predictive of triad risk, but additional research is required to determine if monitoring training volume can provide valuable, real-time assessments of triad risk in DI collegiate female runners.
Are Ratings of Perceived Exertion during Endurance Tasks of Predictive Value? Findings in Trunk Muscles Require Special Attention
Authors: Anders Christoph , Mader Lena Simone , Herzberg Max , Alex Christin
Published: September 2024

Background: Subjective rating scales of perceived exertion are often used to quantify effort levels during various endurance exercises, particularly submaximal tasks. The aim of the current study was to determine whether predictive conclusions can be drawn from perceived exertion levels surveyed at the start of defined submaximal endurance tasks. Methods: In this study, healthy participants performed a 10-min endurance task at 50% of their upper body weight, targeting either the back muscles (n = 47, 24 women) or abdominal muscles (n = 32, 17 women). At the end of each minute, participants were asked to rate their perceived exertion (RPE) using the 14-points Borg Scale. Based on their initial and final RPE levels, and for each muscle group separately, participants were divided into subgroups reflecting low (good start/good end) and high (bad start/bad end) strain levels. These values were then compared over the duration of the exercise. Comparisons of RPE levels between subgroups were made using the Mann-Whitney U-test for independent samples, with Bonferroni-Holm correction to account for multiple comparisons. Results: Overall, strain levels increased throughout the duration of the exercise. For the abdominal muscles, the difference between the two RPE groups remained constant over time: participants with good start/end ratings consistently showed different strain levels from those with bad start/end ratings, regardless of whether the grouping was based on initial or final exertion levels. In contrast, for the back muscles, the initial grouping showed a crossover in strain values: by the end of the task, participants in the good start group tended to report higher strain than those in the bad start group. No differences were found in initial RPE values when the grouping was based on final exertion levels. Conclusions: For endurance tasks involving the abdominal muscles, initial strain levels have strong predictive value, whereas this is not the case for the back muscles. Because back muscles are frequently loaded, continuous monitoring of RPE levels is necessary to prevent unexpected task failure, as initial RPE values are not predictive. In contrast, RPE values of 11 or higher on the 14-points Borg scale predict complete exhaustion or even premature task failure with high certainty for abdominal muscle exercises, while lower RPE levels indicate that exercise intensity can be increased.
Overview of High-Dynamic-Range Image Quality Assessment
Authors: Liu Yue , Tian Yu , Wang Shiqi , Zhang Xinfeng , Kwong Sam
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the High-Dynamic-Range (HDR) image has gained widespread popularity across various domains, such as the security, multimedia, and biomedical fields, owing to its ability to deliver an authentic visual experience. However, the extensive dynamic range and rich detail in HDR images present challenges in assessing their quality. Therefore, current efforts involve constructing subjective databases and proposing objective quality assessment metrics to achieve an efficient HDR Image Quality Assessment (IQA). Recognizing the absence of a systematic overview of these approaches, this paper provides a comprehensive survey of both subjective and objective HDR IQA methods. Specifically, we review 7 subjective HDR IQA databases and 12 objective HDR IQA metrics. In addition, we conduct a statistical analysis of 9 IQA algorithms, incorporating 3 perceptual mapping functions. Our findings highlight two main areas for improvement. Firstly, the size and diversity of HDR IQA subjective databases should be significantly increased, encompassing a broader range of distortion types. Secondly, objective quality assessment algorithms need to identify more generalizable perceptual mapping approaches and feature extraction methods to enhance their robustness and applicability. Furthermore, this paper aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers by discussing the limitations of current methodologies and potential research directions in the future.
Impact of TiC/TiB2 Inoculation on the Electrochemical Performance of an Arc-Directed Energy-Deposited PH 13-8Mo Martensitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Vahedi Nemani Alireza , Ghaffari Mahya , Morshed-Behbahani Khashayar , Salahi Salar , Nasiri Ali
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of incorporating TiC and TiB2 inoculants on the microstructure and corrosion performance of an arc-directed energy-deposited PH 13-8Mo martensitic stainless steel. The microstructural characterizations revealed partial dissolution of the incorporated ceramic-based nanoparticles, resulting in the formation of in situ TiC phase in the TiC-inoculated sample, while TiC and chromium-enriched M3B2 phases were formed in the TiB2-inoculated sample. Further investigations into the electrochemical response of the fabricated samples confirmed that the applied inoculation strategy slightly enhanced the corrosion resistance of the alloy, offering a valuable advantage for in-service performance for applications in harsher environments. The slight improvement in the corrosion resistance of the inoculated samples was found to be attributed to the formation of a higher fraction of low-angle grain boundaries and enhanced retained austenite content in the microstructure. However, it is essential to note that the formation of chromium-enriched M3B2 phases in the TiB2-inoculated sample led to a slight deterioration in its corrosion resistance compared to the TiC-inoculated counterpart.
The Numerical Simulation of the Injection Filling of the Fluidity Probe Die with Pattern Waxes
Authors: Bazhenov Viacheslav E. , Ovsyannikov Arseniy S. , Kovyshkina Elena P. , Stepashkin Andrey A. , Nikitina Anna A. , Koltygin Andrey V. , Belov Vladimir D. , Dmitriev Dmitry N.
Published: September 2024

Investment casting is a widely utilized casting technique that offers superior dimensional accuracy and surface quality. In this method, the wax patterns are employed in the layer-by-layer formation of a shell mold. As is customary, the patterns were created through the injection of molten or semi-solid wax into the die. The quality of the final casting is affected by the quality of the wax pattern. Furthermore, the filling of the die with wax can be associated with die-filling challenges, such as the formation of weld lines and misruns. In this study, the injection filling of the fluidity probe die with RG20, S1235, and S1135 pattern waxes was simulated using ProCast software. The thermal properties of the waxes, including thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and density across a wide temperature range, were determined with the assistance of a laser flash analyzer, a differential scanning calorimeter, and a dynamic mechanical analyzer. A favorable comparison of the acquired properties with those reported in the literature was observed. The Carreau model, which corresponds to non-Newtonian flow, was employed, and the parameters in the Carreau viscosity equation were determined as functions of temperature. Utilizing the thermal data associated with the wax patterns and the simulation outcomes, the interfacial heat transfer coefficients between the wax and the die were ascertained, yielding a value of 275–475 W/m2K. A strong correlation was observed between the experimental and simulated filling percentages of the fluidity probe across a wide range of injection temperatures and pressures. The analysis of the simulated temperature, fraction solid, viscosity, and shear rate in the wax pattern revealed that viscosity is a crucial factor influencing the wax fluidity. It was demonstrated that waxes with an initial high viscosity exhibit a low shear rate, which subsequently increases the viscosity, thereby hindering the wax flow.
Prediction Model for Movement and Life Expectancy of Subsea Cables under Wave and Current Action
Authors: Munro Luke R. , Zou Qingping , Tang Wenshuo , Flynn David
Published: September 2024

Over recent years, the emergence of the offshore wind sector has spurred much interest in subsea cables. The predominant failure modes of subsea cables are associated with extreme environmental conditions. Wave-forcing during severe storms is less expected and causes more damage. A generalized multiphysics cable model is constructed to predict the movement, damage, and lifetime of subsea cables subject to dynamic wave and current action due to abrasion and corrosion. The present cable lifespan prediction model extended the previous tide-only model by considering the contribution of hydrodynamic forces by waves and the effect of wave and current incident angle relative to the cable. The predicted cable sliding distance at each section of the cable is combined with the Archard abrasion wear model and the corrosion model to predict the loss of cable protective layers and the resulting expected lifespan of the cable. The model is the first of its kind that can predict the spatial variation of wave and current loading, cable movement, damage, remaining lifetime, and cable failure modes and location. In addition, spatial and temporal variations of magnitude and direction of wave, current, and tide can be incorporated into the model for realistic large-scale simulations of cable performance in field conditions. The model compares well with previous laboratory experiments and numerical models. The present model was applied for the first time to the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC)’s wave test site located at Billia Croo off the west coast of mainland Orkney, Scotland, and validated by the cable lifespan data. The 1-year and 100-year return period wave height and period and the average wave and tide conditions are used to drive the present cable lifespan model. It was found that the cable movement is predominantly driven by waves, and the previous tide-only model would predict zero cable movement, indicating the importance of the incorporation of wave contribution into the cable model. Furthermore, besides wave height and period, the wave angle relative to cable was found to be a determining factor for the cable movement and lifespan. The present multiphysics cable model provides a new capability to predict 70% of failure modes currently not monitored in situ and to deploy, plan, and manage subsea cables with improved fidelity, reduced cost, and human risk.
An Iterative Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Receiver with Sequential Inter-Carrier Interference Canceling Modified Delay and Doppler Profiler for an Underwater Multipath Channel
Authors: Kuniyoshi Suguru , Oshiro Shiho , Saotome Rie , Wada Tomohisa
Published: September 2024

In 2023, we proposed the modified delay and Doppler profiler (mDDP) as an inter-carrier interference (ICI) countermeasure for underwater acoustic orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) mobile communications in a multipath environment. However, the performance improvement in the computer simulation and pool experiments was not significant. In a subsequent study, the accuracy of the channel transfer function (CTF), which is the input for the mDDP channel parameter estimation, was considered insufficient. Then a sequential ICI canceling mDDP was devised. This paper presents simulations of underwater OFDM communications using an iterative one- to three-step mDDP. The non-reflective pool experiment conditions are a two-wave multipath environment where the receiving transducer moves at a speed of 0.25 m/s and is subjected to a Doppler shift in the opposite direction. As NumCOL, the number of taps in the multitap equalizer which removes ICI, was increased, the bit error rate (BER) of 0.0526661 at NumCOL = 1 was significantly reduced by a factor of approximately 45 to a BER of 0.0011655 at NumCOL = 51 for the sequential ICI canceling mDDP.
Antifungal Activity of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) Essential Oils against the Main Onychomycosis-Causing Dermatophytes
Authors: Mingorance Álvarez Esther , Villar Rodríguez Julia , López Ripado Olga , Mayordomo Raquel
Published: September 2024

Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection that affects the nails and accounts for approximately 50% of all nail diseases. The main pathogens involved include dermatophytes, such as Trichophyton rubrum, members of the T. mentagrophytes complex, and emerging pathogens in this infection, T. schoenleinii and T. tonsurans. Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) essential oil (EO) has been proposed as a promising natural alternative to traditional treatments due to its antimicrobial properties. Among its more than 100 compounds, terpinen-4-ol is one of the main contributors to the antifungal action of this EO. To determine the antifungal activity of tea tree EO against dermatophytes, we designed an in vitro study using EUCAST-AFST protocols to obtain the values of MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MFC (minimum fungicidal concentration) of several commercial M. alternifolia Cheel EOs against three species of dermatophytes isolated from clinical samples with suspected toenail onychomycosis. The results showed that the microorganism most sensitive to the action of the EO was T. rubrum, which had an MIC value more than 13 times lower than the value obtained for T. schoenleinii (0.4% v/v), the most resistant isolate. No differences in antifungal activity were observed by the analysed EOs or between the MIC and MFC values. These in vitro results suggest that tea tree EO is a viable option for the alternative treatment of onychomycosis, although clinical studies are needed to confirm the long-term antifungal activity, safety and efficacy of the oils studied in a clinical context.
Research on Health Topics Communicated through TikTok: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Sattora Emily A. , Ganeles Brian C. , Pierce Morgan E. , Wong Roger
Published: September 2024

TikTok has more than 1.5 billion users globally. Health and wellness content on the application increased by more than 600% in 2021. This systematic review seeks to summarize which fields within medicine have embraced researching health communication on the TikTok platform and the most common measures reported within this literature. Research questions include what categories of health topics on TikTok are investigated in the literature, trends in topics by year, and types of outcomes reported. Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Ovid MEDLINE databases were searched in March 2024. Eligible studies met four criteria: (1) investigated human health topics on TikTok; (2) conducted in the United States; (3) published in English; and (4) published in a peer-reviewed journal. Of the 101 included studies, 50.5% (N = 51) discussed non-surgical specialties, 9.9% (N = 10) discussed topics within surgery, and 11.9% (N = 12) discussed COVID-19. The number of papers referencing non-surgical topics spiked in 2023, and no increase was seen in the number of COVID-19 papers over time. Most papers reported a number of interactions, and papers about mental health were least likely to report accuracy. Our findings highlight several health topics with a wide breadth of research dedicated to them, such as dermatology and COVID-19, and highlight areas for future research, such as the intersection of cancer and TikTok. Findings may be influential in the fields of medicine and healthcare research by informing health policy and targeted prevention efforts. This review reveals the need for future policies that focus on the role and expectations of the healthcare worker in health communication on social media. Implications for clinical practice include the need for providers to consider an individual’s perception of health and illness, given the wide variety of information available on social media applications such as TikTok. This review was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024529182).
Correction: Barthélémy et al. Direct Comparative Analysis of a Pharmacogenomics Panel with PacBio Hifi® Long-Read and Illumina Short-Read Sequencing. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 1655
Authors: Barthélémy David , Belmonte Elodie , Pilla Laurie Di , Bardel Claire , Duport Eve , Gautier Veronique , Payen Léa
Published: September 2024

In the original publication [...]
Explainable Machine Learning for Fallout Prediction in the Mortgage Pipeline
Authors: Purohit Preetam , Verma Amit
Published: September 2024

This study examines mortgage loan fallout using data provided by a leading financial institution. By accurately predicting mortgage loan fallout, lenders can protect their bottom line, maintain financial stability, and contribute to a healthier economy. The paper employs various machine learning models to predict mortgage fallout based on loan, market, property, and borrower characteristics. A large dataset of locked mortgage applications from a major U.S. lender was analyzed. The random forest model demonstrated superior predictive efficiency and stability. To understand the factors influencing mortgage fallout, the SHAP method, along with empirical analysis with logistic regression, was utilized to identify key determinants. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for mortgage lenders and future research.
Exploring the Factors Shaping Urban Greenspace Interactions: A Case Study of Nagpur, India
Authors: Lahoti Shruti Ashish , Dhyani Shalini , Saito Osamu
Published: September 2024

This study aims to investigate how urban residents interact with Urban Green Spaces (UGSs) in Nagpur, India, specifically focusing on the patterns of visitation and engagement. Data were collected via a face-to-face questionnaire survey using the Survey 123 app. The analysis included interaction (types of UGSs, visitation frequency, and UGS availability); engagement (activities); demographics (age, gender, and work status); and nature connection (self-reported) aspects. Using data from 2002 participants, the study employs statistical analyses using R software (4.3.2) to explore the correlations between these variables. The results revealed key factors influencing UGS usage, highlighting the interplay between environmental and social aspects. Neighborhood UGSs, proximity, and accessibility were found to be pivotal in promoting frequent visitation, while physical activity emerged as the most common activity among daily visitors. Older adults visited UGSs less frequently, suggesting potential barriers, while employed individuals visited more often. A strong association between nature connection and UGS interaction was highlighted, emphasizing the psychological and emotional aspects of UGS usage. For example, individuals who felt more connected to nature reported using UGSs for physical activities, mental relaxation, and socializing. These findings underscore the need for integrating UGSs within broader urban social-ecological systems, which means recognizing these spaces as vital components contributing to overall health and resilience and catering to the population’s diverse needs, ensuring that these spaces are accessible and enjoyable for all community members, including those from different cultural, age, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Additionally, fostering nature connectedness through education and exposure to natural environments is recommended to enhance UGS usage, supporting broader urban planning strategies to create sustainable and healthy urban environments.
Adapting the Competition Policy for the Digital Age: Assessing the EU’s Approach
Authors: Skara Gentjan , Muçollari Oriona , Hajdini Bojana
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, the use of digital services is indispensable to the daily activity of businesses or end users. Digital services and online platforms contribute to the internal market by opening new business opportunities, increasing industry competitiveness, and widening consumer choice. While digital services have contributed to boosting innovation and developing new business models, a few online platforms act as gatekeepers by controlling a large digital market, likely leading to unfair practices and conditions for business users and end users. Against this background, this paper discusses the rationale and the necessity for regulating digital technology development in the digital market. It analyses the EU’s approach to adapting competition policy for the digital age. This paper argues that the Digital Markets Act will undoubtedly impact business models in the digital market and regulatory framework at the national level. However, its fundamental success will depend on whether the Commission has the appropriate tools to address the development of new technologies.
Assessment of ChatGPT’s Compliance with ESC-Acute Coronary Syndrome Management Guidelines at 30-Day Intervals
Authors: Geneş Muhammet , Çelik Murat
Published: September 2024

Background: Despite ongoing advancements in healthcare, acute coronary syndromes (ACS) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The 2023 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines have introduced significant improvements in ACS management. Concurrently, artificial intelligence (AI), particularly models like ChatGPT, is showing promise in supporting clinical decision-making and education. Methods: This study evaluates the performance of ChatGPT-v4 in adhering to ESC guidelines for ACS management over a 30-day interval. Based on ESC guidelines, a dataset of 100 questions was used to assess ChatGPT’s accuracy and consistency. The questions were divided into binary (true/false) and multiple-choice formats. The AI’s responses were initially evaluated and then re-evaluated after 30 days, using accuracy and consistency as primary metrics. Results: ChatGPT’s accuracy in answering ACS-related binary and multiple-choice questions was evaluated at baseline and after 30 days. For binary questions, accuracy was 84% initially and 86% after 30 days, with no significant change (p = 0.564). Cohen’s Kappa was 0.94, indicating excellent agreement. Multiple-choice question accuracy was 80% initially, improving to 84% after 30 days, also without significant change (p = 0.527). Cohen’s Kappa was 0.93, reflecting similarly high consistency. These results suggest stable AI performance with minor fluctuations. Conclusions: Despite variations in performance on binary and multiple-choice questions, ChatGPT shows significant promise as a clinical support tool in ACS management. However, it is crucial to consider limitations such as fluctuations and hallucinations, which could lead to severe issues in clinical applications.
Management of Class III Malocclusion with Microimplant-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) and Mandible Backward Rotation (MBR): A Case Report
Authors: Chang Heng-Ming , Huang Chao-Tzu , Wang Chih-Wei , Wang Kai-Long , Hsieh Shun-Chu , Ho Kwok-Hing , Liu Yu-Jung
Published: September 2024

Class III malocclusion prevalence varies significantly among racial groups, with the highest prevalence observed in southeast Asian populations at 15.80%. These malocclusions often involve maxillary retrognathism, mandibular prognathism, or both, accompanied by maxillary constriction and crossbites. Comprehensive treatment should address anteroposterior, transverse, and vertical imbalances. Microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) has shown high success rates for transverse maxillary expansion in late adolescents and adults, presenting a viable alternative to surgically-assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE). This case report aims to demonstrate the successful treatment of a young adult female with borderline Class III malocclusion using MARPE and mandibular backward rotation (MBR) techniques. A 21-year-old female presented with a Class III skeletal pattern, anterior/posterior crossbites, and mild dental crowding. Despite her concerns about a concave facial profile, the patient declined orthognathic surgery due to a negative experience reported by a friend. The treatment plan included MARPE to correct maxillary transverse deficiency and MBR to alleviate Class III malocclusion severity. Lower arch distalization was performed using temporary anchorage devices (TADs) on the buccal shelves, and Class II elastics were used to maintain MBR and prevent retroclination of the lower labial segment during anterior retraction. Significant transverse correction was achieved, and the severity of Class III malocclusion was reduced. The lower dentition was effectively retracted, and the application of Class II elastics helped maintain MBR. The patient’s final facial profile was harmonious, with well-aligned dentition and a stable occlusal relationship. The treatment results were well-maintained after one year. The MARPE with MBR approach presents a promising alternative for treating borderline Class III cases, particularly for patients reluctant to undergo orthognathic surgery. This case report highlights the effectiveness of combining MARPE and MBR techniques in achieving stable and satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of Class III malocclusion.
Effect of Electrical Parameters on the Structure and Properties of Aluminum Foil Microarc Oxidation Film
Authors: Li Haoren , Huang Yong , Meng Qingyu , Wang Xun
Published: September 2024

Through a three-factor, two-level orthogonal experiment, the effects of varying electrical parameters (voltage, frequency, and duty cycle) on the thickness, pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, morphology, and phase composition of the micro-arc oxidized film of aluminum foil in constant voltage mode were investigated. The aluminum foil was oxidized by micro-arc oxidation for 50 min. Eddy-current thickness gauges were used to measure the oxide film’s thickness, TV characterization testers were used to test the film’s resistance to pressure, kinetic potential polarization curves were used to examine the oxide film’s resistance to electrochemical corrosion, and SEM and XRD composition were used to examine the microstructures and phase compositions of the oxide films that were produced. The oxide film’s thickness was increased from 7 μm to 22 μm and the voltage was increased from 350 V to 450 V. The oxide film’s ramp-up time at a frequency and duty cycle of 2000 Hz and 15% could reach 3 s, and the resistance value could reach 98% of the micro-arc oxidation voltage. The oxide film’s icorr decreased by an order of magnitude at high voltage compared to low voltage and the Rp value increased by an order of magnitude, which improved the corrosion resistance. The oxide film’s thickness increased as the voltage increased. Meanwhile, SEM was used to enhance the corrosion resistance. The oxide film thickens as the voltage increases. At the same voltage, the oxide film with a high frequency and low duty cycle has the best voltage resistance. The oxide film generated under high-voltage conditions has regular and dense surface holes, the oxide film’s α-Al2O3 phase increases, and the corrosion resistance in the NaCl medium is enhanced.
Effect of Photoluminophore Light-Correcting Coatings and Bacterization by Associative Microorganisms on the Growth and Productivity of Brassica juncea L. Plants
Authors: Zakharchenko Natalia S. , Rukavtsova Elena B. , Yampolsky Ilia V. , Balakirev Dmitry O. , Dyadishchev Ivan V. , Ponomarenko Sergey A. , Luponosov Yuriy N. , Filonov Andrey E. , Mikhailov Pavel A. , Zvonarev Anton N. , Akhmetov Lenar I. , Terentyev Vasily V. , Khudyakova Alexandra Yu. , Zalomova Lubov V. , Tarlachkov Sergey V. , Aripovsky Alexander V. , Puntus Irina F. , Khramov Robert N.
Published: September 2024

The effect of a coating material containing organic photoluminophore (PL) on the growth and development of mustard Brassica juncea L. plants colonized with beneficial associative bacteria Pseudomonas putida KT2442 and Rhodococcus erythropolis X5 was studied in vitro and in vivo. Plants grown with the use of microbial bacterization in combination with a photoluminophore coating (PLC) had significantly faster growth rates in vitro (2.1 times faster, P. putida; 1.8 times faster, R. erythropolis) than those grown using PLC alone (1.2 times faster). The leaves of plants grown with PLC had higher contents of glucose and fructose (28.4 ± 0.3% more glucose and 60.4 ± 0.3% more fructose accumulated compared to plants grown without PLC). It was found that seed weights and seed number increased 1.9-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively, for plants grown with PLC and colonized with beneficial P. putida KT2442 bacteria. The stimulatory effect of PLC on photosynthetic parameters of Photosystem II (PSII) was observed in colonized plants grown in vitro. For the first time, it was shown that providing plants with a PLC for only 4 weeks may make it possible to support further plant growth without PLC to obtain higher yields in the future. Thus, PLCs that convert shorter-wavelength radiation into red light may induce enhancement of biochemical processes not only in plants but also in microorganisms that supply plants with growth regulators and other active compounds. The results indicate the need for further research to understand the mechanisms of photobiological and photoregulatory systems in the interaction of microbes and plants.
Comparison of Amoxicillin Administered Twice versus Four Times a Day in First-Line Helicobacter pylori Eradication Using Tegoprazan, Clarithromycin, and Bismuth: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Cho Jun-Hyung , Jin So-Young
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different amoxicillin (AMX) dosing schedules on bismuth quadruple therapy in Helicobacter pylori treatment-naïve patients. A total of 139 H. pylori-infected patients received a 2-week eradication regimen consisting of 50 mg tegoprazan, 500 mg clarithromycin, and 300 mg bismuth tripotassium dicitrate twice daily, 1000 mg AMX twice daily (BID group), or 500 mg AMX four times daily (QID group). We performed a urea breath test to evaluate H. pylori eradication eight weeks after treatment and compared the H. pylori eradication rate, patient compliance, and adverse drug events between the BID and QID groups. Based on propensity score matching, 114 and 100 patients were included in intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses, respectively. The H. pylori eradication rate did not differ significantly according to the ITT (82.5% vs. 87.7%, p = 0.429) and PP (95.9% vs. 98.0%, p = 0.536) analyses between the BID and QID groups. No significant differences were found in treatment compliance or adverse drug event rates between the two groups. In conclusion, the eradication rate of first-line H. pylori therapy containing tegoprazan, clarithromycin, and bismuth was not affected by AMX dosing schedules administered twice and four times daily.
Adaptive Strategies and Underlying Response Mechanisms of Ciliates to Salinity Change with Note on Fluctuation Properties
Authors: Li Fenfen , Yang Jing , Li Jiqiu , Lin Xiaofeng
Published: September 2024

The adaptability of marine organisms to changes in salinity has been a significant research area under global climate change. However, the underlying mechanisms of this adaptability remain a debated subject. We hypothesize that neglecting salinity fluctuation properties is a key contributing factor to the controversy. The ciliate Euplotes vannus was used as the model organism, with two salinity fluctuation period sets: acute (24 h) and chronic (336 h). We examined its population growth dynamics and energy metabolism parameters following exposure to salinity levels from 15‰ to 50‰. The carrying capacity (K) decreased with increasing salinity under both acute and chronic stresses. The intrinsic growth rate (r) decreased with increasing salinity under acute stress. Under chronic stress, the r initially increased with stress intensity before decreasing when salinity exceeded 40‰. Overall, glycogen and lipid content decreased with stress increasing and were significantly higher in the acute stress set compared to the chronic one. Both hypotonic and hypertonic stresses enhanced the activities of metabolic enzymes. A trade-off between survival and reproduction was observed, prioritizing survival under acute stress. Under chronic stress, the weight on reproduction increased in significance. In conclusion, the tested ciliates adopted an r-strategy in response to salinity stress. The trade-off between reproduction and survival is a significant biological response mechanism varying with salinity fluctuation properties.
The Role of Hypergenic and Technogenic Processes in Contamination the Ecosphere
Authors: Zvereva Valentina , Frolov Konstantin
Published: September 2024

Mining in the Russian Far East has been developing for more than 100 years, resulting in the formation of mining technogenic systems that negatively affect all components of the environment. The purpose of this paper is to develop and present an ecological and geochemical model of supergene processes in tinsulfide and polymetallic ore mining systems. This paper presents, for the first time, the results of long-term field observations (more than 50 years): studies of numerous secondary minerals (more than 80) identified in mine workings and tailings, their natural associations, as well as the sequence, zonality, and stages of mineral formation as well as the characteristics of hydrochemical samples of river waters, contaminated by acid mine drainage (30 years of observations). Experimental modeling of sulfide oxidation was carried out under laboratory conditions (electrochemical method) and using Selektor software, which made it possible to study the process of acid mine drainage formation and to show the metal ions and ionic complexes composition, to establish Eh-pH parameters of crystallization for 52 secondary minerals, associations of primary and secondary minerals. The influence of water components on the formation of slurry and drainage in different time periods (dry, heavy rainfall, and snowmelt) is shown, and their mixing at the geochemical barrier “acid mine drainage—surface natural waters” is described. Experimental results are verified with numerous in-situ observations and mineralogical studies. The work allowed for the presentation of an environmental–geochemical model of ecosphere pollution, which describes not only the negative impact of sulfide-bearing systems of Russian Far East mining districts but locations all over the world.
Green Synthesis of Magnetic Fe2O3 Nanoparticle with Chenopodium glaucum L. as Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for One-Pot Reactions and Heavy Metal Adsorption
Authors: Thakur Rahul , Kaur Navneet , Kaur Manvinder , Bhowmik Pradip K. , Han Haesook , Singh Kishanpal , Husain Fohad Mabood , Sohal Harvinder Singh
Published: September 2024

The growth of the environment depends upon developing greener and ecological methods for managing pollutants and contamination from industrial wastewater, which causes significant effects on human health. The removal of these pollutants from wastewater using nanomaterials covers an ecological method that is free from expensive and secondary pollution. In this report, we developed magnetic iron nanoparticles from Chenopodium glaucum (CG), which showed excellent adsorption capacity at pH 5 for selective Hg2+ and Pb2+ metal ions among various heavy metal ions, with maximum adsorption capacities of 96.9 and 94.1%, respectively. These metals’ adsorption process conforms to the Langmuir model, which suggests that monolayer adsorption transpires on CG–Fe2O3 nanoparticles. CG–Fe2O3 nanoparticles also act as an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot synthesis of xanthene derivatives, yielding products with high yields (up to 97%) and excellent purity (crystalline form) within a short timeframe (6 min) using microwave irradiations (at 120 W).
Insights into the Structural Modification of Selenium-Doped Derivatives with Narrowband Emissions: A Theory Study
Authors: Zhang Qing , Liu Tao , Huang Xin , Wang Kunyan , Sun Fangxiang , Wang Xin , Lv Chunyan
Published: September 2024

The research on boron/nitrogen (B/N)-based multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters has been a prominent topic due to their narrowband emission and high luminous efficiency. However, devices derived from the common types of narrowband TADF materials often experience an efficiency roll-off, which could be ascribed to their relatively slow triplet–singlet exciton interconversion. Since inserting the heavy Se atom into the B/N scheme has been a proven strategy to address the abovementioned issues, herein, extensive density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) simulations have been employed to explore the effects of the structural modification on a series of structurally modified selenium-doped derivatives. Furthermore, the two-layered ONIOM (QM/MM) model has been employed to study the pressure effects on the crystal structure and photophysical properties of the pristine CzBSe. The theoretical results found that the introduced tert-butyl units in Cz-BSeN could result in a shorter charge transfer distance and smaller reorganization energy than the parent CzBSe. In contrast to directly incorporating the o-carborane (Cb) unit to CzBSe, incorporating the bridged phenyl units is important in order to achieve narrowband emissions and high luminous efficiency. The lowest three triplet excited states of CzBSe, Cz-BSeN and PhCb-BSeN all contribute to their triplet–singlet exciton conversions, resulting in a high utilization of triplet excitons. The pressure has an evident influence on the photophysical properties of the aggregated CzBSe and is favored for obtaining narrowband emissions. Our work is promised to provide a feasible strategy for designing selenium-doped derivatives with narrowband emissions and rapid triplet–singlet exciton interconversions.
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Mucus of the Tropical Sea Slug Elysia crispata
Authors: Lopes Diana , Cunha Eva , Conde Tiago , Moreira Anthony , Cruz Sónia , Domingues Pedro , Oliveira Manuela , Cartaxana Paulo
Published: September 2024

Elysia crispata (Sacoglossa, Gastropoda) is a tropical sea slug known for its ability to incorporate functional chloroplasts from a variety of green macroalgae, a phenomenon termed kleptoplasty. This sea slug, amenable to laboratory cultivation, produces mucus, a viscous secretion that serves diverse purposes including protection, locomotion, and reproduction. In this study, we profiled the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of the mucus of this sea slug. Results revealed inhibitory activity against several bacterial strains, more pronounced for Gram–negative bacteria. Particularly interesting was the strong inhibitory effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterial species classified by the WHO as a high-priority pathogen and associated with high-risk infections due to its frequent multidrug-resistant profile. Similar inhibitory effects were observed for the mucus native protein extracts, indicating that proteins present in the mucus contributed significantly to the antimicrobial activity. The mucus also showed both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The latter activities were associated with the low molecular weight (<10 kDa) fraction of the mucus rather than the native protein extracts. This study opens the way to further research on the biotechnological applications of the mucus secreted by this unique marine organism, particularly as an antimicrobial agent.
Seagrass Meadows: Prospective Candidates for Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Ameen Hazeena M. , Jayadev Ayona , Prasad Geena , Nair Deepa Indira
Published: September 2024

Seagrass meadows consist of angiosperms that thrive fully submerged in marine environments and form distinct ecosystems. They provide essential support for many organisms, acting as nursery grounds for species of economic importance. Beyond their ecological roles, seagrasses and their associated microbiomes are rich sources of bioactive compounds with the potential to address numerous human healthcare challenges. Seagrasses produce bioactive molecules responding to physical, chemical, and biological environmental changes. These activities can treat microbe-borne diseases, skin diseases, diabetes, muscle pain, helminthic diseases, and wounds. Seagrasses also offer potential secondary metabolites that can be used for societal benefits. Despite numerous results on their presence and bioactive derivatives, only a few studies have explored the functional and therapeutic properties of secondary metabolites from seagrass. With the increasing spread of epidemics and pandemics worldwide, the demand for alternative drug sources and drug discovery has become an indispensable area of research. Seagrasses present a reliable natural source, making this an opportune moment for further exploration of their pharmacological activities with minimal side effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biochemical, phytochemical, and biomedical applications of seagrasses globally over the last two decades, highlighting the prospective areas of future research for identifying biomedical applications.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of Various Extracts from the Aerial Part of Anemone baicalensis Turcz.: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Sun Shuang , Xia Guangqing , Pang Hao , Zhu Junyi , Li Li , Zang Hao
Published: September 2024

Anemone baicalensis Turcz., a botanical species with a rich historical background in traditional medicine for detoxification and insecticidal applications, possesses a vast, yet largely unexplored, therapeutic potential. This study primarily focused on conducting a qualitative phytochemical analysis of the plant, determining the active ingredient content and antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts. The qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 12 different types of phytochemicals within the plant. Utilizing ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, we identified 11 active ingredients in 4 solvent extracts. Notably, the methanol extract was found to contain high concentrations of total carbohydrate, total monoterpenoid, total phenolic, total tannin, and total triterpenoid. In the antioxidant experiment, the methanol extract demonstrated superior scavenging abilities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) diammonium salt, superoxide anion radical, and hydrogen peroxide, outperforming other extracts in chelation experiments aimed at reducing iron and metal ions. Consequently, the methanol extract was selected for further investigation. Subsequent ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the methanol extract contained 39 compounds, primarily phenolic compounds and triterpenoid saponins. Three stability assessments confirmed the extract’s stability under high temperatures, varying pH levels, and simulated gastrointestinal processes. Additionally, oil stability testing demonstrated its antioxidant capacity in extra virgin olive oil and cold-pressed sunflower seed oil media. An oral acute toxicity experiment conducted on mice not only confirmed the absence of acute toxicity in the methanol extract but also provided a dose reference for subsequent gastric protection experiments. Notably, the methanol extract exhibited significant gastroprotective effects against ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats, as evidenced by histopathological and biochemical analyses. Specifically, the extract reduced levels of malondialdehyde, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase while increasing glutathione, nitric oxide, and catalase, indicating its gastroprotective mechanism. These findings suggest that the methanol extract from the aerial part of Anemone baicalensis could be a promising therapeutic agent for conditions associated with oxidative imbalances. They underscore the plant’s potential therapeutic benefits and offer valuable insights into its antioxidant properties, thereby broadening our understanding of its medicinal potential.
Valorization of Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as a Potential Functional Food and Ingredient: Characterization of Fiber, Oligosaccharides, and Antioxidant Polyphenols
Authors: Jaouhari Yassine , Disca Vincenzo , Ferreira-Santos Pedro , Alvaredo-López-Vizcaíno Adela , Travaglia Fabiano , Bordiga Matteo , Locatelli Monica
Published: September 2024

The fruit of the date tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is increasingly recognized for its nutritional and functional value. This exotic fruit shows variable composition, influenced by factors such as variety, ripening stage, and climatic conditions. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the nutritional profile and the bioactive components, including phenolic compounds and oligosaccharides, in different varieties of dates from Saudi Arabia collected at the Tamr ripening stage. The HPLC-ESI-MS analysis identified a total of 15 phenolic compounds, principally phenolic acids and flavonoids. Among the varieties tested, Safawi exhibited the highest phenolic concentration (1132 µg/100 g dw). To the best of our knowledge, the oligosaccharide composition is described for the first time among different varieties, with Sukari showing the highest concentration (3.37 g/100 g dw). Moreover, the antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays) was assessed following a solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up to remove interferents, especially sugars. These results provide valuable insights into the health-promoting properties of date fruit as a functional food and provide a foundation for further research into their industrial applications as functional ingredients.