bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Attribution of Self Amongst Australian Family Farm Operators: Personal Responsibility and Control
Authors: Halpin Darren , Guilfoyle Andrew
Published: October 2019

Australian agriculture is dominated both numerically and in terms of production by family owned and operated farm enterprises. Many family farmers struggle to maintain farm viability amidst the ongoing commitment to a trade liberal paradigm in Australian agricultural policy. Significantly, governmental neoliberal discourses insist on Australian farmers taking personal responsibility and control for any socio-economic hardship or farm viability problems they face and down play structural explanations. In this article we argue that the intent of this discourse, if internalised by individual family farm operators, creates the potential for self-blame where fanners “fail”. To investigate this argument, open-ended responses from a survey of farmers in a NSW rural local government area were examined using an extension of attribution theory from social psychology. The analysis identifies how individual family farm operators have actually engaged with these discourses and the extent to which the attributions these discourses encapsulate are replicated, transformed, or contested. Areas for future research, including impacts of attributions on family farm operators’ psychological health, are discussed.
Modernising to Remain Traditional: Farm Families Maintaining a Valued Lifestyle
Authors: Hennon Charles B. , Hildenbrand Bruno
Published: October 2019

This article offers three conceptualisations (a typology, a conditional matrix, and six options for farm families remaining “traditional”) useful for researching and understanding farming families, especially as they undergo or resist transitions and modernisation. These theoretical constructs are informed by tentative findings from a study of “traditional” farm families in Western Europe. The basic question asked is: How are traditional farm families, within a context of increased internationalisation of policy and markets and related agribusiness commercialisation and industrialisation, able to manage transitions and stress so that a valued lifestyle can be maintained? Case studies and biographic research were used for developing a grounded theoretical model of the process of maintaining traditional farm-family stability. The six options presented are Living Museums, Traditional with Limited Adaptations, Hobby Farming, becoming Organic or “Green”, the Swiss Solution, and the British. Solution.
Experiences of Chinese Families Affected by AIDS via Blood Transfusion: An Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Lu Yun , DeFrain John , Trout Shirley , Lu Katarina
Published: October 2019

Little research exists that explores families with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this exploratory multiple case study is to explore the experiences of five Chinese families affected by AIDS contracted during blood transfusions. Longitudinal qualitative data were collected from five families with a member who had contracted HIV from blood received during a medical procedure. Six themes emerged that represented the six stages experienced by our strong families: reeling in disbelief, placing blame, turning to acceptance, searching for help, finding meaning, and becoming a helping group. Findings resulted in a model that reveals the critical turning point that put our families onto a trajectory of either positive or negative outcomes. The model also identifies the point at which a transformation took place in our strong families - finding meaning and a sense of inner peace which led to outward expressions of becoming a helping group. This study has implications for social workers and advocates of strengthening families affected by HIV/AIDS.
Housework and Gender in Nuclear Versus Extended Family Households: Experiences of Taiwanese Immigrants in Canada
Authors: Sun Shirley Hsiao-Li
Published: October 2019

This paper examines intergenerational and gender relations in the Chinese family system by comparing the division of household labor in nuclear and extended family households. Indepth interview data with thirty-seven new Taiwanese immigrants in Canada show that, in their household practices in Taiwan, the presence of the older generation intensifies the gendered division of labor between spouses, even in matrilocal residences . Husbands do not participate in housework in either patrilocal or matrilocal households. However, shared housework between couples is observed among less well-to-do nuclear families. In general, the dominance of traditional gender norms prevails, especially under extended family living arrangements. In contrast, nuclear family arrangements provide conditions for gender equality.
The Transmission of Religious Beliefs across Generations: Do Grandparents Matter?
Authors: Copen Casey E. , Silverstein Merril
Published: October 2019

Despite substantial changes in the family’s structure over the past four decades, parents continue to exert a lasting imprint on the religious ideology and commitments of their children. However, research on the intergenerational transmission of religious beliefs, values and practices to younger generations has not included the ways in which grandparents- particularly grandmothers-influence the religiosity of youth. Drawing on the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSOG), we examined the extent to which grandmothers and parents influence the religious beliefs of adolescent and young adult grandchildren. First, we asked whether grandmothers influence the religious beliefs of their grandchildren independently of the grandchildren ’s parents. Our results indicated that grandmothers and grandchildren resembled one another on a series of statements conveying conservative religious beliefs and attitudes . Second, we examined patterns of religious transmission from grandmothers and parents to their children. We found that grandmothers transmitted their religious beliefs to grandchildren more strongly when mothers were more religious. Our third research question asked whether parental divorce weakens religious continuity across generations. We found that divorce adversely affected religious transmission from mothers to their children, but not from fathers and grandmothers. In addressing our fourth research question about the role of gender in religious transmission, we found that religious similarity between grandmothers and granddaughters was particularly strong. In general, our study showed a significant degree of religious similarity across three generations in the family, and offers an expanded view of religious socialization by considering grandmothers as active contributors to the religious beliefs of contemporary young adults.
Comparative Patterns of Interracial Marriage: Structural Opportunities, Third-party Factors, and Temporal Change in Immigrant Societies
Authors: Jacobson Cardell K. , Heaton Tim B.
Published: October 2019

Using census data, we compare patterns of interracial marriage in six different contexts where immigration has played a central role in population composition. We use Kalmijn’s (1998) general theoretical perspective that emphasizes how opportunity structures and third-party factors affect inter-group marriage rates. More specifically, we hypothesize that rates of intermarriage are influenced by: (1) structural opportunities as reflected by the history of inequality, segregation, and racial oppression, (2) third-party interests such as cultural and linguistic differences, and (3) societal trends that reflect choices in the formation of intimate relationships and racial equality. We use age as a surrogate for the trends over time. We first estimate log-linear models to gauge the extent of overall homogamy and race specific homogamy in each cultural setting. We then use multinomial logistic regression to evaluate age differences. Cross- cultural differences in rates of intermarriage are substantial. Intermarriage is more common in societies where structural opportunities for contact are high and third-party interests low (Hawaii and New Zealand), almost non-existent among some groups in societies where the strong inter-group tensions remain, (Xinjiang Province, China and South Africa), and intermediate in societies with moderate degrees of opportunities and third-party interests (United States and Canada). Age is generally negatively associated with intermarriage, with some interesting exceptions. Interracial marriage in general is becoming more common in the arenas we examine.
The Sociocultural Adaptation of Polish Brides in the Netherlands: Marital and Occupational Status
Authors: Polek Elzbieta , Schoon Ingrid
Published: October 2019

The present study examines sociocultural adjustment of Polish marriage immigrants in the Netherlands. By comparing 108 female marriage immigrants to a similar group of 68 women, who immigrated for reasons other than marriage, we study the role of marriage to the Dutch spouse in the process of sociocultural adaptation. Overall, marriage immigrants showed better sociocultural adaptation than their non-marital counterparts as reflected in higher fluency in the Dutch language, greater endorsement of Dutch identity, and better psychological adjustment. Yet, when marital status and current occupational status were used as predictors of sociocultural adaptation in a regression analysis, occupational status was a better predictor of the adaptation than marital status. Present results suggest that although marriage was involved in the process of post- emigrational adjustment, the occupational status played an even more important role in the adaptation process. In addition, 10 interviews were conducted to investigate how Polish brides experienced cultural differences within the marriage and the influence of perceived cultural differences on marital satisfaction. Excerpts from the respondents’ stories revealed that oftentimes compromises are reached in that women are expected to give up their claims. Nonetheless, most respondents emphasized the positive aspect of marriage in their adaptation and did not disclose marital dissatisfaction.
Homemaker or Career Woman: Life Course Factors and Racial Influences among Middle Class Americans
Authors: Giele Janet Zollinger
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the effect of life course factors on the decision by American college educated women to stay at home or continue their careers after they have children. Data come from interviews with 48 white and African-American college-educated women that covered major events from childhood to the present, along with ideas for the future. Interviews were coded in terms of four major themes: identity, relational style, motivation, and adaptation. Findings revealed that identity as a mother was different for the two groups-central for the homemakers but combined with work for the career women. In relational style, homemakers relied on husbands primarily as breadwinners; career women relied on them for help with household work and childrearing. Motivation and rewards of homemakers were centered around mothering, but career women were focused on achievement and recognition at work. The patterns were similar for white and black women, but African-American homemakers were pioneers in staying at home whereas white homemakers were following tradition. Career women of both races used their sense of being outstanding to conquer disadvantage-the black women to defy racial discrimination, the white women to rise from humbler origins or to overcome a disability. In sum, holding constant age, race, marital status, and social class, there are striking differences in the life course of individuals that account for major variants in marriage patterns and women’s roles.
Exchange as Concept, Conceptual Framework or Theory? The Case of Goode’s Application of Exchange to the Family
Authors: Libby Roger W. , Carlson John E.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this article is to discuss William Goode’s utilization of exchange concepts in family sociology. Assumptions, concepts and propositions of exchange theory are discussed in light of Goode’s family-related articles. Our analysis argues that Goode only makes partial use of exchange theory in his writings on the family. Goode commonly utilizes exchange concepts which are based in economic theory, but he does not spell out the hedonistic and behaviorist assumptions and concepts of exchange theory. Goode’s writing has definitely made contributions to family theory; his articles on role strain and role bargaining, and violence and the family make use of exchange concepts as they relate to role theory. An extension of Goode’s partial use of exchange concepts, perhaps in combination with role theory, would buttress the predictive power of exchange theory applied to family sociology. This is the challenge for Goode and others who wish to apply exchange theory to family interaction.
Extended Families Among Black Americans
Authors: Aschenbrenner Joyce
Published: October 2019

Black families in Chicago are described as bilateral extended in form and as representing an institution that has existed under widely varied conditions: in Southern and Northern, rural and urban environs. Two basic household types are characterized: conjugal and matrilocal, each including a potential second extended phase as sons and daughters remain at home with their own children for varying periods of time. These extended stages, together with the frequent temporary addition of other relatives to the household, both reflect and reinforce the extended family as a primary unit of reciprocity. Migration patterns show a strong tendency for mobile family members and households to join relatives in other areas; reunions, funeral ritual and other family ceremonies are influential in maintaining family ties over distances. Friendships outside the family frequently take on kinship characteristics as “playkin” relationships, further indicating the weight of kinship as a principle of social organization. Origins of family and kinship organization may be seen on Southern plantations, where extended families were more functional than nuclear; yet the Black family represents a tradition that has survived under many conditions, transmitting values of Black Americans.
Cultural Impacts of Sisimpur, Sesame Street, in Rural Bangladesh: Views of Family Members and Teachers
Authors: Kibria Nazli , Jain Sonali
Published: October 2019

Sisimpur is an educational children’s television program in Bangladesh that is co-produced by Sesame Workshop, the makers of Sesame. Street. Sisimpur’s goals include the support of Early Childhood Development (ECD) objectives in Bangladesh, such as the teaching of pre-academic skills to young children. In this paper we draw on qualitative research to explore how Sisimpur and its benefits are viewed by the family inembers and teachers of children in rural Bangladesh. Our results suggest that Sisimpur is valued by these caregivers as a source of ideas and information about how best to raise children. We argue that Sisimpur’s favorable reception is related to the success with which it has portrayed children on the show as both connected to Bangali traditions and able to take advantage of the opportunities for modern education available to them.
Attitudes toward Family Size Preferences in Urban Ethiopia
Authors: Sahleyesus Daniel Telake , Beaujot Roderic P. , Zakus David
Published: October 2019

Making use of data obtained from fieldwork conducted in five major urban centers of Ethiopia in the summer of 2004, this study examines the attitudes of respondents on family size preferences to understand the fertility transition in urban areas. The methodology includes in-depth qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. The findings suggest that children continue to have an immeasurable value for urban residents. However, people differ in their preferences towards family size. A family of four or more children is defined as large by the majority of participants of the study and about three-quarters of them disapproved of large family sizes. The findings show that voluntary childlessness is not within the realm of choice. The overwhelming majority of participants were in favor of small families rather than opting for childlessness. Urban residents have a reproductive goal that takes into account reducing costs in the face of economic hardships and tailoring preferences to achieve upward social mobility. There is emphasis on the wellbeing of relatively smaller number of children and attaining a certain level of investment in one’s own human capital which are incompatible with large family size preferences.
One Germany, Two Worlds of Housework? Examining Employed Single and Partnered Women in the Decade after Unification
Authors: Geist Claudia
Published: October 2019

Do the different ideological legacies of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) result in persisting differences in women's housework in the unified Germany? In this paper, I examine the housework of employed German women, singles and as well as women with partners, in the decade after unification using data from the German Socioeconomic Panel (GSOEP). This comparison allows me to assess the role of regional differences in shaping women's housework, while further distinguishing between full-time and part-time workers. The study shows that women with partners do more housework than single women do, regardless of region of residence. Among singles, there are no East-West differences in either the level of housework or the mechanisms that shape it. However, among women with partners, West German women do significantly more housework. These differences are only in part explained by differential participation in full-time and part-time employment. East German women's individual earnings are less effective than West Germans' in reducing housework for both fulltime and part-time workers. Overall, the results of the study imply that the different ideological legacies FRG and the GDR do have a lasting impact on the housework of partnered women through family roles, while singles do not seem to be affected by any remaining differences in the socio-political context.
Cross-National Comparisons of Family Policies: The Relevance of National Approaches to Social Welfare
Authors: Pankratz Curt J.
Published: October 2019

Taking the position that the structure of family policies plays a large role in shaping the lives of families, this paper argues that comparative research should place even greater emphasis on approaching family policies as being components of a larger welfare state. In this way, cross-national comparisons of family policies and their impacts on the lives of families can take fuller advantage of well-established research on the factors that give rise to particular overall national policy approaches. In order to facilitate this, this paper contextualizes family policies within a welfare state regimes framework by analyzing characteristics of family policies using the method established by welfare state regimes theorists. In doing so, this analysis also focuses on the extent to which family policies reinforce various forms of class stratification, where most current analyses have seen family policies primarily as impacting on gender stratification. It is argued that this will be helpful in working toward an understanding of welfare state regime histories and characteristics as underlying key differences between national approaches to the welfare of families.
Cohabitation and Beyond: The Contribution of Each Partner’s Relationship Satisfaction and Fertility Aspirations to Pathways of Cohabiting Couples
Authors: Qu Lixia , Weston Ruth , Vaus David de
Published: October 2019

A great deal of research attention has been directed to understanding why marriages last or end in separation. Far less attention has been extended to cohabiting relationships, where couples live together without being registered as married. As in other developed countries, couple formation patterns in Australia have changed dramatically over the last few decades, with most “living-together” unions now beginning with cohabitation rather than marriage, and with an increasing proportion of babies now being born to cohabiting couples. This paper uses longitudinal data to track what happens to cohabiting relationships: whether the partners subsequently marry each other, separate or continue to cohabit over a two-year period. It then investigates the role of each partner’s relationship satisfaction and fertility aspirations in influencing the pathway taken.
Midlife Marital Happiness and Ethnic Culture: A Life Course Perspective
Authors: Mitchell Barbara A.
Published: October 2019

It is well established that marital relationships remain integral to individual and family well -being and that some marriages are happier than others. It is also well documented that continuing high rates of immigration contribute 10 increasingly diverse marital patterns in Canadian society. Drawing from life course theory, the purpose of this paper is to further explore cultural, socio-demographic, and relationship factors and their association with midlife happiness. Data are drawn from in-depth interviews with a sample of 390 middle-generation married parents living in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia. Canada from four cultural groups: British, Chinese, lndo/East Indian, and Southern-European. Both quantitative and qualitative results reveal similarities in midlife marital happiness across these four cultural groups although perceived marital stressors underlying unhappy marriages vary across groups. Moreover, immigration status and religiosity are associated with greater marital happiness. Yet, relationship dynamic factors (i.e., intimacy satisfaction, doing activities together) surface as the most significant predictors of marital happiness. Implications for aging parental marital relations are also highlighted, with emphasis on those parents who are at greater risk for relationship stress, strain, or crisis.
Working and Living: The Effects of Family Responsibilities and Characteristics on Married Women’s Work Hours in the USA
Authors: Omori Megumi , Smith Danielle Taana
Published: October 2019

Using data from the 2007 Current Population Surveys (CPS): March Supplements, the authors examine work hours of married women for non-Hispanic white, African American, and Hispanic women. The results show non-Hispanic white women’s work hours are greatly influenced by the presence of a child at home, whereas African American and Hispanic women’s work hours are not influenced by the presence of a child at home. Across the racial groups, women’s contribution to the total household income positively relate to their work hours. Our findings indicate that factors associated with married women’s work hours vary by race, and non-Hispanic women are most influenced by their family responsibilities and their family characteristics.
The Social Institution of Marriage
Authors: Trost Jan
Published: October 2019

During the 40 years of the Journal of Comparative Family Studies the social institution of marriage has subsequently all over the Western world split up into three varieties: the traditional marriage is still there and now we also have non-marital cohabitation as well as LAT relationships (Living Apart Together). In this article the changes are presented together with an analysis of what has happened not only descriptively but also theoretically. It is also claimed that we hardly can predict any long run changes but we might be able to predict short run changes of the social institutions of marriage and its parallels.
The Culture of Fatherhood in Japanese Comic Strips: A Historical Analysis
Authors: Yasumoto Saori , LaRossa Ralph
Published: October 2019

Has the culture of fatherhood in Japan changed since the end of the Second World War? If so, how? Relying on a content analysis of 246 Japanese comic strips published on Father’s Day and Mother’s Day between 1950 and 2004, we hypothesize about the effects of economic and other social forces on the culture of fatherhood, and illustrate how cultural shifts can proceed in steps. Our findings suggest that the culture of fatherhood in Japan changed in the 1970s and 1980s, but that it also changed in the 1990s. Whereas the first change pointed to greater acknowledgment of the role of men as fathers, evidenced by the increased attention given to Father’s Day, the second change indicated greater emphasis on a “new”-more involved-image of fathers.
Value of Children and Fertility Behavior in a Tri-Racial, Rural County
Authors: Tobin Patricia L. , Clifford William B. , Mustian R. David , Davis A. Clarke
Published: October 2019

It has been argued that the narrowing of fertility differentials has been due to an increasing similarity in the function of children across socio-cultural groupings. The present research explores the relationship between the value placed on children and family size patterns and preferences for black, Indian, and white married men and women. The analysis reveals that values attached to children explain more of the variation in actual and desired fertility among men then among women, and among Indians than among whites and blacks. While the values placed on children may be converging, it is questionable whether these values represent a constant factor in childbearing tendencies.
Farm, Household and Family in Fiji Indian Rural Society
Authors: Jayawardena Chandra
Published: October 2019

Despite extensive cultural changes among the descendants of Indian immigrants in Fiji, the extended family persists in rural society. This persistence results not so much from the retention of tradition as from the exigencies of operating cane farms in the economy of Fiji. These exigencies emphasise the role of the farm household as the local unit in the structuring of family and kin relations.
Reflecting on Assessment: Strategies and Tools for Measuring the Impact of a Canadian WAC Program
Authors: Kaler Michael , Evans-Tokaryk Tyler
Published: October 2019

This paper provides an overview of the process and tools we have developed for assessing the impact of writing development projects carried out in a wide variety of courses at our university. It begins with an overview of writing studies in Canada to provide context for our approach to writing instruction and writing program assessment. It then offers a case study of a specific writing development project in a large first-year humanities course, a detailed explanation of the methods we used to measure the efficacy of that project, and an exposition of the way in which this assessment was used to drive reflection on the project and enhancement of it. The paper concludes with summary of the lessons we have learned regarding writing program assessment that navigates between creating a standardized process and responding to the unique needs of multiple projects, as well as a discussion of the benefits of such assessment for writing pedagogy research.
Factors of effect on the corrosion destruction of metal of underground pipelines
Authors: Polutrenko M. S. , Fedorovych Ya. T. , Dzudzylo K. M.
Published: October 2019

A set of studies was conducted to determine the main factors influencing the corrosion destruction of metal in underground pipelines in two studied sections of the Pasichna-Tysmenitsa gaspipeline, covering definitions of active acidity, mass fraction of moisture, the presence of sulfate ions, and metal weight loss determined by the gravimetric method. It has been established that the pipeline in the studied sections of the route is laid in a soil of uniform acidity, which is low in pH acidic, which indicates corrosiveness of the soil in relation to steel. High soil moisture from the bottom of the pipeline in two sections of the route 18.21and 19.73 %, respectively, contributed to increased corrosion damage of the metal. Corrosion of the studied soils was carried out on the basis of certain metal weight loss. It was established that the soils on the studied sections of the route, the distance between which was about 1000 m, relate to soils with a high and normal degree of corrosivity. High corrosion activity is characteristic of the soil along the lower generatrix of the pipeline, which leads to an increase in the corrosion rate of the metal of underground pipelines in this zone. The intensification of corrosion processes in the soil adjacent to the pipeline, with an increase in metal exposure time in soil, has been established. The presence of sulfate ions in soil water extracts leads to the development of biocorrosion with the participation of sulfate-reducing bacteria, which indicated the formation of biogenic hydrogensulfide.
The Influence of Age on Purchase Intention of Eco-Friendly Products: Evidence from Hyderabad, Sindh
Authors: Uddin Ikram , Shah Sara Maak , Hanceraj Sania , Lohana Sonia , Memon Rutba
Published: October 2019

Purpose- As the global warming and pollution is increasing day by day, it is necessary to take active steps to overcome this. In this study age is considered an important variable in order to predict the purchase intention towards eco-friendly products in Hyderabad, Sindh.

 Method/Design- Primary data has been collected by 172 respondents through adopted questionnaires. The respondents were the consumers located in different areas of Hyderabad, Sindh. Two different demographic profiles (age and level of income) were taken to determine its influence on intention to purchase eco-friendly products.

 Findings- The findings of this study revealed that age is found to have significant impact on purchase intention. However, it has been found out that level of income doesnâ€™t have significant association with purchase intention.  

Practical Implications- The results of this study can helps marketer to make strategies for eco-friendly products and differentiate it from traditional products which are harmful for the environment.
Traditional Institutions and Their Roles: Toward Achieving Stable Democracy in Nigeria
Authors: ALI MUSTAPHA ALHAJI , Bukar Hadiza Mali
Published: October 2019

Traditional institutions are formed to play a vital role in society, this paper examined the roles of traditional rulers in accomplishing stable democracy in Nigerian. Indeed, in the olden days, traditional rulers are believing to be royal fathers in their various domain, and they perform better in accomplishing firm democracy, but with coming of colonialist and democracy, the role of the traditional rulers became less recognized in the democratic system. This paper is qualitative in nature where data were obtained from secondary sources, and systematically reviewed these includes; books, journals, newspapers, magazines, published and unpublished documents. The study found that traditional institutions play a significant role in the olden days. But with the advent of the British colonial master and democracy, their power became less recognized in the democratic movements, this is because the traditional rulers were negated and have less power in the society. In explaining the topic under study, the researcher adopted two theories; these are Servant Leadership theory and Dependency theory, these theories centered on the autonomy of the traditional rulers and the qualities of the rulers in each society. the paper recommended that in order to have a steady democracy traditional institution need to be independent in discharging their duties, they also need to serve their people first not people to serve them. The paper concludes that traditional institutions play an important role in achieving a stable democracy if given autonomy and possess all leadership qualities.
PERANAN PETERNAKAN AYAM BROILER PADA PLASMA PT.CIOMAS ADI SATWA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PETERNAK (STUDI KASUS DI DESA SARANG HALANG KECAMATAN PELAIHARI KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN)
Authors: Mahyudi Fitri , Husinsyah Husinsyah
Published: October 2019

This Research aim to know technically about effort management broiler Broiler Chicken-Poultry in Plasma PT. Ciomas Adisatwa to Breeder Revenue in Sarang Halang village Sub-district Pelaihari Tanah Laut Regency South Kalimantan Province and to know  about cost, acceptance, and revenue Chicken-Poultry in Plasma PT. Ciomas Adisatwa.  Pursuant to result of research to effort livestock chicken broiler, Totalize product of broiler chicken is 10.200 with mean old age conservancy 31-33 day and able total of wight body 18.856 at the price of selling from Rp. 17.870/kg - Rp. 18.220/kg.  Acceptance obtained Plasma of Poultry of Broiler PT. Ciomas Adisatwa equal to Rp. 338.422.335 with Total Variable Rp. 318.380.000. Earnings effort Plasma of Poultry of Broiler PT. Ciomas Adisatwa in Sarang Halang village Sub-district Pelaihari Tanah Laut Regency South Kalimantan Province equal to Rp. 20.042.335.
KANDUNGAN SERAT KASAR HIJAUAN RAMI (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) PADA BERBAGAI UMUR PEMOTONGAN
Authors: Susilawati Iin , Suryanah Sari , Ayuningsih Budi , Khairani Lizah , Tarmidi Ana Rochana
Published: October 2019

This study was aimed to determine the effect of different cutting age on the crude fiber content of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) as forage, and to know the optimum cutting age of ramie  for ruminant feed. The research was carried out in Margamulya Village, Cikandang District, Garut Regency, from August to October 2018. Crude fiber analysis was carried out at the Ruminant Animal Nutrition Laboratory and Animal Food Chemistry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. The study used a completely randomized design with four (4) treatments and five (5) replications,  i.e.  P1 = 15 days of cutting age, P2 = 30 days of cutting age, P3 = 45 days of cutting age, P4 = 60 days of cutting age. To find out the differences in effects between treatments, Duncan's multiple range test was carried out. The results showed that the cutting age affected the crude fiber content of ramie. The older cutting age had the increased crude fiber content. The optimum cutting frequency of ramie for forage was  30 days with ADF content 38%, NDF 53.2%, hemicellulose 34.1%, cellulose 14.8% and lignin 4.0%.
Quelle place pour les traitements médicaux avant et après chirurgie es stades localisés ?
Authors: Cochin V. , Gross-Goupil M. , Ravaud A.
Published: October 2019

La place des traitements médicaux adjuvants dans les stades localisés du cancer du rein reste en France du domaine de la recherche clinique en 2017. Seul l’essai S-TRAC évaluant un an de sunitinib versus placebo a montré une augmentation significative de la survie sans maladie de 5,6 à 6,8 ans (HR = 0,76 ; p = 0,03) contrairement aux deux essais publiés de phase III, ASSURE (sunitinib ou sorafénib versus placebo un an) et PROTECT (pazopanib versus placebo un an). De nombreux essais d’immunothérapie avec les inhibiteurs des points de contrôle de la réponse immunitaire sont en cours. Les inhibiteurs de tyrosine-kinase ont démontré une efficacité en néoadjuvant en termes de réponse tumorale (de 18 à 28 %) sans toxicité surajoutée lors de la chirurgie et permettant le plus souvent une épargne néphronique. Néanmoins, cette stratégie versus une néphrectomie partielle d’emblée dans une équipe entraînée n’a pas été démontrée.
Quelle stratégie thérapeutique pour les stades métastatiques ?
Authors: Simonaggio A. , Rivallin G. , Marret S. , Oudard S. , Vano Y.-A.
Published: October 2019

La prise en charge thérapeutique des carcinomes rénaux métastatiques à cellules claires a progressé de manière majeure sur la dernière décennie avec l’émergence des antiangiogéniques et inhibiteurs de mammalian target of rapamycin. Récemment, deux nouvelles molécules ont été validées et sont remboursées en France en deuxième ligne : nivolumab et cabozantinib. La première ligne connaît elle aussi de profonds changements avec l’approbation imminente de la combinaison nivolumab–ipilimumab pour les patients de pronostic intermédiaire à mauvais et les premiers résultats de l’association atézolizumab–bévacizumab qui pourrait se positionner en première ligne pour les patients exprimant PD-L1 et/ou de pronostic favorable. D’autres études de combinaison (inhibiteurs de tyrosine-kinase du vascular endothelial growth factor receptor–inhibiteurs des checkpoints immunitaires) sont en cours. La stratégie est également bouleversée chez les patients d’emblée métastatiques puisque l’étude CARMENA remet en cause la place de la néphrectomie chez ces patients. L’enjeu est donc de définir la meilleure séquence thérapeutique pour chaque patient, tout en s’adaptant régulièrement aux nouvelles données.
Évaluation d’un second traitement chirurgical conservateur pour récidive locale d’un cancer du sein
Authors: Guillemin F. , Marchal F. , Geffroy M.
Published: October 2019

Objectif : Évaluation d’un deuxième traitement conservateur (T) [n = 41] par rapport à une mastectomie totale (M) [n = 93]. Étude rétrospective unicentrique de 134 patientes ayant présenté une récidive mammaire homolatérale isolée et opérable.

Résultats : La survie globale à cinq ans est de 82,5 % dans les deux groupes. Pas de différence significative pour la survie spécifique et la survie sans métastase dans les deux groupes. Le contrôle local à cinq ans est de 92,9 % dans le groupe Met de 66,2 % dans le groupe T (RR de nouvelle récidive de 4,48). La présence d’emboles, le caractère multifocal et la révélation clinique de la récidive sont des facteurs pronostiques péjoratifs de survie. Sur l’ensemble de la série (n = 134), 25 (18,6 %) ont conservé leur sein.

Conclusion : Pour minimiser le risque de récidive après un second traitement conservateur, on peut envisager cette chirurgie si la récidive est isolée, de petite taille, de bas grade, sans embole, et strictement unifocale. L’acte chirurgical doit assurer des marges saines et un résultat esthétique satisfaisant. La patiente participe au choix du traitement.
L’exploration axillaire : un standard du bilan préthérapeutique
Authors: Dejust S.
Published: October 2019

L’exploration préthérapeutique axillaire est une étape majeure du bilan initial du cancer du sein. L’échographie associée à un prélèvement est actuellement recommandée en première intention. L’IRM et la TEP/TDM au 18FDG sont utiles dans l’évaluation ganglionnaire axillaire. Les sensibilités et spécificités des examens d’imagerie sont globalement identiques, et leur combinaison permet d’obtenir les meilleures performances. Actuellement, la technique du ganglion sentinelle est indispensable en cas de tumeurs mammaires T1-T2 N0 et en cas d’adénopathie suspecte échographiquement avec cytoponction ou microbiopsie négative.
Protocole d’IRM abrégée pour le diagnostic et le dépistage du cancer du sein
Authors: Oldrini G. , Henrot P. , Marchal F.
Published: October 2019

Le cancer du sein est le premier cancer féminin en France, et sa détection précoce est indispensable. L’IRM mammaire est un élément de choix dans son diagnostic mais présente des coûts directs et indirects élevés, notamment du fait de sa durée qui ralentit son utilisation plus large. Compte tenu de ses éléments, l’utilisation d’un protocole abrégé se développe pour pallier ces inconvénients. Les premières données de la littérature tendent à penser que cet examen plus rapide permet également une durée d’interprétation plus courte. De plus, la sensibilité et la spécificité de l’examen ne sont pas inférieures à celles du protocole complet. Cet article explique ce nouveau concept et son intérêt, le compare au protocole complet et évoque les perspectives futures et notamment à l’adjonction de séquences à haute résolution temporelle.
Cancers du sein triple-négatifs : données actuelles et perspectives d’avenir
Authors: de Nonneville A. , Gonçalves A.
Published: October 2019

Le cancer du sein triple-négatif (CSTN), défini par l’absence d’expression des récepteurs hormonaux et d’HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2), représente 15 à 20 % des cancers du sein. Cependant, cette définition, essentiellement négative, masque la très grande hétérogénéité des entités biologiques qui constituent ce soustype. Si la chimiothérapie est le principal traitement systémique établi de la maladie à la fois dans la prise en charge des stades précoces et avancés, la compréhension progressive des composantes moléculaires impliquées dans la pathogenèse des CSTN permet des perspectives thérapeutiques novatrices. L’objectif de cette synthèse est de décrire ces cibles potentielles et d’explorer les traitements d’aujourd’hui et de demain qui permettront de lutter contre ce cancer au comportement particulièrement agressif.
Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK): Kerangka Pengetahuan Guru Abad 21
Authors: Rahmadi Imam Fitri
Published: October 2019

Guru abad 21 harus memiliki pengetahuan sekaligus keterampilan dalam menggunakan berbagai perangkat teknologi baik yang tradisional maupun modern untuk memfasilitasi belajar dan meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendefinisikan, menjelaskan tentang pengukuran, dan menjelaskan tentang pengembangan technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). Penulisan artikel menggunakan metode kajian pustaka dari buku, artikel jurnal, dan dokumen lain yang berkaitan dengan topik pembahasan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahwa, TPACK merupakan salah suatu jenis pengetahuan baru yang harus dikuasi guru untuk dapat mengintegrasikan teknologi dengan baik dalam pembelajaran, pengukuran TPACK merupakan aktivitas penilaian tingkat penguasaan TPACK yang dilakukan menggunakan TPACK framework, dan pengembangan TPACK merupakan kelanjutan dari proses pengukuran yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan TPACK. TPACK dapat dijadikan sebagai kerangka kerja untuk mendesain kurikulum pendidikan guru yang lebih sesuai dengan era dan tuntutan pembelajaran Abad 21.
Analisis Metode Pembiayaan Bootstrapping Dan Pola Pembiayaan Pada Usaha Kecil
Authors: Prahasiwi Nanda Larasatti , Mildawati Titik
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis metode pembiayaan Bootstrapping dan pola pembiayaan pada usaha kecil yang ada di wilayah kecamatan Sawahan, kota Surabaya. Terdapat empat metode dalam metode Bootstrapping. Terdiri atas metode Customer Related, Delaying Payments, Owner- Related Financing & Resources, dan Joint Utilization. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan kelima informan. Hasil pengumpulan data tersebut digunakan sebagai analisa data. Hasil penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah kondisi keuangan usaha kecil saat ini dapat disimpulkan relatif stabil. Kelima informan sepakat untuk mendapatkan uang muka dari customers pada metode Customer Related, menegosiasikan keadaan pembayaran pada metode Delaying Payments, cenderung melakukan pembiayaan modal yang berasal dari gaji pemilik dan menjalankan bisnis di rumah pada metode Owner-Related Financing & Resources, serta tidak ada kecenderungan secara umum yang dilakukan oleh usaha kecil di dalam menerapkan metode Joint Utilization.
MULTIKULTURALISME USADA BALI
Authors: Suatama Ida Bagus
Published: October 2019

Dua sistem pengobatan yang berkembang di era milenial saat ini adalah sistem Bio Medis kedokteran dan sistem Bio Kultural atau pengobatan tradisional. Usada Bali merupakan sistem pengobatan tradisional Bali yang sampai sekarang masih dilakukan di Bali. Usada Bali merupakan turunan dari Ayurweda. Ayurweda merupakan bagian dari Upaweda, sedangkan Upaweda merupakan bagian dari Weda Smerti. Masuk ke Bali pada abad X pada jaman Pemerintahan Raja Udayana. Sistem Usada Bali dasarnya adalah Empiriko Logis Magis Religius (pengalaman yang masuk akal dan ada unsur magis dan religious). Sistem pengobatan tradisional oleh WHO diakui sebagai Tradisional Medicine / Complementary and Alternative Medicine (TM/CAM). Kedatangan Dokter Wolfgank Von Wack tahun 1937 bertugas di Bali merupakan sebuah petunjuk bahwa Usada Bali kena pengaruh modernism. Secara legal formal sistem pengobatan Usada Bali mulai selangkah demi selangkah terpinggirkan. Dengan adanya regulasi Dasar Hukum legal formal dari Pemerintah tentang Pengobatan Tradisional, Usada Bali mulai mendapat perhatian. Gubernur Bali saat ini telah mempublikasikan dan akan menyediakan media bagi para Balian untuk praktek. Ketua IDI (Ikatan Dokter Indonesia) menyatakan Balian dapat bersinergi bila telah melewati standarisasi Fitofarmaka yang berlaku. Kepala Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bali dan Rektor Universitas Hindu Indonesia menyambut dengan baik regulasi ini. Sekarang kesempatan dunia akademik mendapat peran lebih banyak agar Sistem Pengobatan Usada Bali semakin maju. Dalam penelitian ini diajukan tiga masalah yaitu: (1) Bagaimanakah eksistensi Usada Bali? (2) Bagaimanakah Usada Bali dalam multikulturalisme? (3) Dapatkah Usada Bali menunjang kehidupan masyarakat Bali?
PENGARUH KESEHATAN BPR TERHADAP PENYALURAN KREDIT MELALUI STRATEGI PEMBERIAN KREDIT SEBAGAI PEMEDIASI
Authors: Dian Maha Yoga Gede Agus , Suryani Ni Kadek
Published: October 2019

This study aims to 1) analyze the influence of rural banks health on lending strategies, 2) analyze the influence of rural banks health on lending, 3) analyze the effect of lending strategies on lending, 4) analyze the influence of rural banks health on lending through lending strategies as mediator. The study was conducted in Bali province, using a combination of primary and secondary data. Using the technique of population samples or saturated samples. Partial Least Square (PLS) is a data analysis technique used. The results of the analysis show that 1) the health of rural banks to the strategy of lending has a significant positive effect, 2) the health of rural banks to lending has a significant positive effect, 3) the strategy of lending to lending has a significant positive effect, 4) the health of rural banks indirectly affects lending through lending strategies as a significant mediator for rural banks in Bali province.
KONFLIK DAN STRES KERJA DALAM ORGANISASI
Authors: Suryani Ni Kadek , Maha Yoga Gede Agus Dian
Published: October 2019

Tingginya tuntutan pekerjaan, kompleknya alur kerja, dan semakin tingginya tujuan organisasi menuntut setiap karyawan harus bekerja dengan cepat, fokus dan maksimal. Tekanan kerja disini menjadi sisi yang terus di hadapi oleh para karyawan, dimana tekanan kerja yang tinggi akan dapat mengakibatkan mereka mengalami stres disamping memunculkan konflik diantara mereka. Hal ini menjadi masalah serius saat ini yang dihadapai organisasi dalam menghadapi persaingan global.

Stres jika tidak ditangani dengan segera akan dapat menimbulkan pengaruh yang merusak jasmani dan rohani disamping dapat berbahaya bagi kesehatan mereka. Demikian halnya dengan konflik, merupakan keadaan dimana tidak adanya keserasian antara berbagai hal pada seseorang dengan lingkungannya, termasuk pekerjaan dan orang-orang disekitarnya. Oleh karenanya peran serta organisasi dan karyawan diperlukan dalam kaitannya manajemen penanganan stres dan konflik dalam organisasi