bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of the Energy Systems Allocation Model under Uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Zhong Ming , Wang Hong Xue
Published: February 2015

Energy is the basic industry of the national economy, the social and economic development. It plays a very important role in the improvement of human living standards. However, in the actual planning process, a lot of the energy system complexity and uncertainty of information exists, the traditional energy model does not reflect this characteristic. Therefore, this short paper will make a brief introduction of the uncertainty of the Energy System allocation model.
Photodegradation of an Herbicide (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) in the Presence of “TiO2, SnO2, SnO2/TiO2 Nanoparticles – Polypropylene Fibrous Carrier” Systems
Authors: Lysak Ilya A. , Malinovskaya Tatyana D. , Tchaikovskaya Olga N. , Lysak Galina V. , Artyushin Vyacheslav R.
Published: February 2015

Using electronic spectroscopy and fluorescence techniques, the degradation of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid has been researched in water under the excitation with UV radiation produced by a KrCl excimer lamp in the presence of “TiO2, SnO2, SnO2/TiO2Nanoparticles – Polypropylene Fibrous Carrier” Systems. It has been determined that MCPA phototransformation is most efficient when using the “TiO2/SnO2heteronanoparticles – carrier” system with the concentration of 25/6 mg/g. The results indicate that systems with applied semiconductor particles do not exhibit sorption properties towards МСРА molecules. Therefore, the change in the spectral characteristics of a МСРА water solution after time-exposure and exposure to radiation is only associated with the phototransformations of non-adsorbed МСРА molecules and with the emergence of their photodegradation products.
Synthesis of the Hydroxyapatite-Silver Nanocomposite
Authors: Abakshonok Anna V. , Eryomin Alexander N. , Agabekov Vladimir E.
Published: February 2015

Nanocomposite hydroxyapatite-silver was synthesized using glucose, glycerol and hydrazine chloride as the reductant. Glucose and glycerol promote the formation of 22-25 nm silver nanoparticles on the surface of hydroxyapatite (HA), forming a composite, characterized by intense absorption. One nanoparticle of silver is connected with every particle of HA. Sodium citrate effectively stabilizes this nanocomposite. When using hydrazine hydrochloride as a reducing agent of Ag+ ions clusters and small silver nanoparticles (NPs), which are not distinguishable by TEM images, are formed on the surface of hydroxyapatite. This nanocomposite possesses less intense absorption.
Surface Morphology of Titanium Oxide and Oxynitride Coatings Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Arysheva Galina V. , Ivanova Nina M. , Pustovalova Alla A. , Konischev Maksim E.
Published: February 2015

This paper presents the results of study of the surface morphology of thin (~ 200 nm) biocompatible coatings based on titanium oxide and oxynitride deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering for vascular stents made from stainless steel. The analysis of the roughness of the coating surface was performed for describe qualitatively their topography.
Tribological Properties and Microstructure of Gradient Nanocomposite Coatings on the Basis of Ti-Al-Cr-B-N
Authors: Sergeev Oleg V. , Sergeev Victor P. , Fedorischeva Marina V. , Voronov Andrey V.
Published: February 2015

The X-ray and mass spectroscopy of secondary ions, the phase composition, the distribution of elements in the depth of coating on the basis Ti-Al-N treated by the (Cr+B) ion beam was studied. It was established that the ion implantation of B and Cr in TiAlN coating leads to changes in the chemical composition of the surface layer and the redistribution of the elements in the surface layer. This fact leads to change of tribological properties and microhardness.
Development of a New Technology of Environmental Purification from Naphthalene
Authors: Nechaev Lev V. , Tchaikovskaya Olga N. , Maltseva Elizaveta V. , Yudina Natalya V.
Published: February 2015

Results of investigation of naphthalene interaction with humic acids of high-moor peat and their fractions are presented in the article. The elemental and structural-group compositions of humic acids of high-moor peat and of their fractions are determined, average values of their molecular masses are found, and their spectral and luminescent properties are investigated. Numerical values of constants of naphthalene interaction with humic acids and their fractions are calculated, and the polarity of naphthalene microenvironment in solutions of humic acids is estimated. The results of investigations suggest that the maximum affinity of naphthalene is observed to the fraction of hematomelanic acids and that the naphthalene microenvironment in solutions of the given fraction is polar.
Hydromineral Resources of Saline Lakes of Mongolia and Russian Altai
Authors: Isupov Vitaly , Vladimirov Alexander , Sodov Ariunbileg , Kolpakova Marina , Shvartsev Stepan , Volkova Nina
Published: February 2015

Soda lakes located close to uranium deposits of West Mongolia contain elevated concentrations of uranium, reaching, in some cases, 1 to 3 mg/l. The concentration of uranium in the lakes of Russian Altai is lower and varies from 0.001 to 0.03 mg/l. The greatest uranium resources (about 6000 tons) are stored in Hyargas Nuur Lake, Western Mongolia. In addition to uranium and salts of sodium and magnesium increased contents of boron (up to 250 mg/l), bromine (up to 1.1 g/l), lithium (up to 600 mg/l), strontium (up to 8 mg/l) were determined in the lake waters. A scheme for complex processing of uranium-bearing lake waters, the first stage of which includes extraction of uranium using iron-containing sorbents or anion exchange resins is considered. Uranium compounds, bromine, iodine, boron, lithium and other elements found in salt lakes are an important raw material base for the production of advanced materials.
Direct Synthesis of Propylene from Ethylene over Palladium Containing Catalysts: Influence of the Support Nature
Authors: Sayfulina Luiza F. , Buluchevskiy Eygeny A. , Lavrenov Alexander V. , Gulyaeva Tatyana I. , Trenikhin Michael D. , Protasova Olga V. , Gerasimov Eugeny Yu. , Gulyaev Roman V. , Drozdov Vladimir A.
Published: February 2015

An influence of support acidity on the dimerization function on Pd-containing catalysts was studied. After addition of Re2O7 to PdO/SZ as ethylene dimerization catalyst with high butene-2 selectivity the obtained PdO-Re2O7/SZ catalyst was tested in direct synthesis of propylene from ethylene under mild conditions (40°C and atmospheric pressure). Propylene yield was approximately 45%, which is close to equilibrium one.
Advanced of Rare Earth Fluorides Technology
Authors: Malinovskaya Tatyana D. , Nefedov Roman A. , Sambueva Ouna B. , Sachkov Victor
Published: February 2015

The thermochemical processes of synthesis and purification of rare earth metals fluorides through the transfer of fluoroammonium complexes were discussed. By differential thermal calorimetry the temperature maxima of rates of formation and decomposition of complex compounds were defined and the values of the apparent activation energy processes were determined. It is possible the use of fluoroammonium systems to develop the preparation of anhydrous fluorides of rare earth metals.
Study of Phenol Oxidation Products over Glassy Carbon Electrode in Alkaline Solutions by Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Alekseenko Kira , Batalova Valentina N.
Published: February 2015

In this research, a new approach is used to identify the products of electrochemical oxidation of UV visible substances over solid electrodes. In order to determine the product of phenol electrooxidation over glassy carbon electrode, the results obtained using voltammetric method and photoluminescence spectroscopy have been compared. It was proved that in an alkaline solution phenol is present in form of phenolate-ion, adsorbing on the surface of glassy carbon electrode, and oxidized to hydroquinone with transfer of two electrons.
Impact of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes to Rye Seedlings
Authors: Gusev Alexander A. , Zaytseva Olga N. , Selivanova Olga A. , Zakharova Olga V. , Godymchuk Anna Yu. , Kuznetsov Denis V. , Tkachev Alexey G.
Published: February 2015

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) cause suppression of rye seeds viability, however in high concentration (1 g/l) they stimulate increase in roots and stems by 20%. At the same time, in low concentrations of MWCNTs root growth suppression is observed, though stimulation of stem growth remains. MWCNTs affect activity of antioxidant enzymes of rye seedlings, thus the greatest stimulation is observed when low and average concentrations of MWCNTs are used. Activity of photosynthetic system of plants considerably increases only when the lowest of the studied concentrations of MWCNTs (0.1 mg/l) is used. Noted tendencies can be considered in further researches of phytotoxic and phytostimulating MWCNTs properties.
Acrylate Hydrogel Modification Using a Cross-Linking Agent for Increasing Multilayer Glazing Flame Resistance
Authors: Litovchenko Daria , Burmistrov Igor , Panova Lydia , Godymchuk Anna Yu. , Kosova Natalia
Published: February 2015

The design of layers for multilayer flame-resistant glass is a vital task in terms of upgrading fire resistance of window glass units. This paper describes chemical modification of flame-proof acrylate hydrogel layers and shows experimentally how a cross-linking agent — hexamethoxymethylmelamine ether – influences the kinetics of hydrogel polymerization and the enhancement of carbonated structures yield. It has been determined that adding HMMM to the hydrogel composition raises the coke residue yield from 10 % to 35 % and increases the 19 mm thick glass flame resistance class from EI30 to EI50.
Effect of High Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam of Carbon on Subsurface Layers of Zirconia Ceramics
Authors: Surzhikov Anatoly , Vasiliev Ivan , Ghyngazov Sergei , Frangulyan Tamara , Chernyavski Aleksandr
Published: February 2015

The effect of high intensity pulsed beam (HIPB) of accelerated carbon ions on zirconia ceramics of the 97ZrO2-3Y2O3 (in mol %) composition is investigated. The parameters of the ion beam are as follows: the energy of the accelerated ions is 200 keV, pulse duration is 100 ns, pulse current density equal to 40 and 150 A/cm2. It was revealed that ions treatment of ceramics leads to melting of the subsurface layer. In this area, the grains are elongated towards the surface. Upon treatment of ceramics by accelerated ions with the pulse energy density equal to 3 J/cm2 (fluence ≥ 9.4•1015 cm–2), formation of zirconia cubic phases up to 30 mass % is observed. The size of coherent-scattering region X-rays of the grains of the c-ZrO2 phase is 15–20 nm. The analysis of the elemental composition of the irradiated surface layers by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) method makes possible to conclude that formation of high concentration of non-stoichiometric oxygen vacancies under ion treatment is the main cause of the cubic phase stabilization in zirconia.
Changing of the Structural-Phase State and Mechanical Properties of VT-23 Titanium Alloy under Surface Treatment by Intense Flux of Copper Ions
Authors: Sergeev Viktor , Kalashnikov Mark P. , Neufeld Vasilii V.
Published: February 2015

Results of surface modification of the VT-23 titanium alloy by high flux of copper ions with an energy of 2 keV and ion current density of 3.5 mA/cm2 was studied. The dependence of the microhardness and penetration depth of ion as function of duration of ion treatment was determined. Structural-phase state of ion-modified of the VT-23 titanium samples surface layer was investigated by TEM and SEM. Microhardness was researched by nanoindentation method.
Influence of the Grain Size on the Dispersion Strengthening of VT1-0 Alloy Implanted with Aluminum Ions
Authors: Nikonenko Alisa , Popova Natalja , Kalashnikov Mark , Nikonenko Elena , Kurzina Irina
Published: February 2015

The method of translucent diffraction electronic microscopy conducted researches of a microstructure and phase structure of a titanic alloy of VT1-0 implanted by ions of aluminum. There are two types of grains; 1) large grains (LG) with an average size of 1.4 microns and 2) the small grains (FG) with an average size of 0.5 μm. It is established that as a result of radiation the ion-alloyed layer, on the basis of α-Ti grains is formed. The sizes, form and places of localization of secondary phases (Ti3Al, Al3Ti and TiO2) depend on the size of grain of a titanic matrix. The size of dispersive hardening of σor for different type of grains on depth of the ion-alloyed layer is calculated. It is shown that in MZ the size σor is provided only with TiO2 particles, in LG – generally TiO2 particles.
Recrystallization Features in Olivine from Dunites of the Tarlashkinsk Ultramafic Massif: New Data from the EBSD Analysis of Rock-Forming Grains
Authors: Kulkov Aleksey S. , Chernishov Aleksey I. , Lychagin Dmitry V. , Tishin Platon A.
Published: February 2015

In this article, we analyzed connection between development of grain misorientation of different olivine fabrics from dunites of the Tarlashkinsk Massif (SE Tuva, Central Sibiria) and their geometrical parameters (grain size, specific area of grain boundaries, volume fraction of large and small components). Crystallographic orientation of olivine fabric types was also analyzed. It was indicated that bimodality in grain sizes disappears while changing into mosaic type. It was obtained by the EBSD method that the grain orientation changes starting with porphyroclastic type, and maximum scattering of olivine grain misorientations is observed when forming mosaic fabric. The results obtained confirm a hypothesis stipulated by authors earlier about deformation transformations of olivine as a result of geological processes during the obduction of mantle ultrabasites.
Research of Formation Plasma-Chemical Process Particles of Oxides Metals with Specified Morphology
Authors: Obkhodskaya Elena V. , Sachkov Victor I. , Buynovskiy Alexander S. , Knyazeva Elena M.
Published: February 2015

The results of studies to determine the parameters affecting the morphology of the particle formation in certain conditions plasma chemical synthesis are present. On the example of oxides of cerium and yttrium were determined kinetic characteristics of plasmachemical process for their preparation, calculated characteristic times of the main stages occurring in the plasma-chemical reactor (t1, t2, t3, t4). Have been proposed parameter K0, characterizing the modes of hollow and solid particles formation and determining the process of salt diffusion in the droplet volume and solvent evaporate from the surface.
Drying Kinetics of the Selected Grass Fuels under Isothermal Condition
Authors: Filkov Alexander , Simeoni Albert , Isaev Yusup
Published: February 2015

Thermokinetic constants for the drying process of different steppe fuels are determined using the developed method for solving inverse kinetic problems on the basis of obtained experimental data. The anatomical structure of the investigated fuels is found to be a dominant parameter influencing on evaporation. The basic conductor of combustion is proposed for prediction of fire hazard for the investigated area.
Comparative Study of the Biological Efficacy of Titanium Dioxide Nano- and Microparticles
Authors: Grigoryeva Valeriya , Zaeva Olga , Krivova Natalya
Published: February 2015

Chronic experiments with male Wistar rats were carried out to investigate the delayed effects of oral administration of titanium dioxide nanoand microparticles on the integral indices of the body condition and level of the oxidative stress. It was found that the studied titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles produced different effects on the indicated characteristics: on the 7th day after the experiment, the animal bodyweight decreased in both experimental groups as compared to control; weight factors in the brain and testicles of the rats fed with TiO2 microparticles increased with respect to control group and to the group of rats fed with TiO2 nanoparticles; the oxidative stress developed in the group of rats fed with TiO2 microparticles because the level of oxidized products increased in the brain (cerebellum) and antioxidant ability of the tissue decreased in the liver. In the group of rats fed with TiO2 nanoparticles, no changes in the level of oxidized products and antioxidant ability in the body tissues were found in comparison with control group on the 7th day after the experiment. Thus, in the study of biological effects of TiO2 nanoparticles, an additional control with investigation of TiO2 macro-or microparticles is necessary, because TiO2 microparticles were shown to have the biological efficacy.
Dispersions of Engineered Nanoparticles in Physiological Liquids
Authors: Godymchuk Anna , Yunda Elena , Kosova Natalia , Karepina Elizaveta , Kuznetsov Denis , Gusev Alexander , Arzamastseva Evgenya
Published: February 2015

Increasing production of nanomaterials makes the study of nanoparticles fate in the environment of immediate interest. Nanomaterials are known to radically change their properties when released into the environment. In this work, the ability of nanoparticles to form stable dispersions in physiological solutions has been demonstrated. The dispersions were prepared by mixing nanopowders of zinc (13.58 m2/g), copper (24.66 m2/g), aluminum oxides (54.75 m2/g), and zirconium dioxide (8.10 m2/g) with phosphate buffered saline, an isotonic solution of glucose and artificial lysosomal fluid. With the help of laser diffraction method and transmission electron microscopy it was shown that unstable suspensions (with the dispersoid size of 6...49 μm) and aggregative-stable lyosols (with the particles size of 20...300 nm) were formed in dispersions of nanoparticles in physiological media.
Opisthorchis felineus Infection and Harmful Metals Bio-Concentration: A Pilot Study in Hamster Model
Authors: Lezhava Sofia P. , Pershina Alexandra G. , Kokova Darya , Perina Ekaterina A. , Kaminskii Ilya P. , Sazonov Alexey E. , Ogorodova Ludmila M.
Published: February 2015

Nowadays, the question about the negative impacts of liver fluke on the host organism and mechanisms of this damage is open. The bio-concentration of some heavy and toxic metals in tissue of adult forms of Opisthorchis felineus and its accumulation in liver tissue and cardiac muscle in the Syrian Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) model was analyzed. It is outlined, that Opisthorchis felineus infection leads to accumulating aluminum in a liver tissue of the host. It was also found, that adult fluke bio-concentrates iron and aluminum in their tissue. The shortage of such essential elements as Mn, Zn and Сu in infected organism is discussed.
Synthesis of Silicon Carbide in Hypervelocity Plasma Jet
Authors: Nikitin Dmitry S. , Sivkov Alexander A. , Pak Alexander Ya. , Rakhmatullin Ilyas A.
Published: February 2015

Results of plasmodynamic synthesis of silicon carbide nanopowders are given in the article. Studies of the synthesis product by X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the product consists mainly of cubic silicon carbide and also includes cubic silicon, ultradispersed graphite and carbon onion-like structures. It was shown that a phase composition change in the synthesis product is possible by changing the ratio of precursor mixture.
Influence of Slaked Lime Addition on Biotechnological Specification of Vermicultivation
Authors: Petrochenko Ksenia A. , Kurovsky Alexander V. , Babenko Andrey S. , Yakimov Yuri E.
Published: February 2015

Studies have been conducted to investigate biomass accumulation of earthworms (Eisenia fetida andrei), cultivated in the soil media under various concentrations of the slaked lime. The group, which is cultivated on the media with lime concentration 0.1% is characterized by maximum biomass accumulation (average – 120 %). As a result we have discovered two phase kinetic dependence between biomass accumulation of earthworms and the amount of the slaked lime.
Effect of Plasma-Based Chemical Modification on Wettability of Polymer Materials for Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Khodyrevskaya Yulia , Kudryavtseva Yuliya , Remnev Gennady , Tverdokhlebov Sergei
Published: February 2015

A method to modify polymer surface properties responsible for wettability and surface free energy has been proposed. Plasma-based chemical modification of polymer surfaces with gas discharges allows adjusting their functional properties. The main changes in polymer wettability occur within short-term exposure of polymer surfaces to pulsed plasma at atmospheric pressure (1-60 sec). The contact angle values for the modified polymers depend on the gaseous medium and the conditions of the plasma processing. Changing the power, the pulse repetition rate and plasma exposure time allow controlling the free surface energy, making the surface either hydrophobic or hydrophilic.
Study of Structural Features of Porous TINI-Based Materials Produced by SHS and Sintering
Authors: Anikeev Sergey G. , Khodorenko Valentina N. , Kokorev Oleg V. , Chekalkin Timofey L. , Gunter Victor E.
Published: February 2015

Structural properties of porous TiNi-based materials produced by SHS method and sintering have been investigated. The material having different pore wall surface topography, porosity and pore size distribution was shown to be produced depending on the powder metallurgy method for porous TiNi-based alloy. All the materials having porosity of 55-70%, mean pore size 90-150 μm, as well as normal pore size distribution are most preferable. Ultimate strength and breaking point were determined to depend on porosity, pore size distribution, pore intersections and phase chemical composition of the material. Strength properties of the sintered alloy are twice as much compared to the SHS-produced ones due to homogeneity of its macrostructure, low chemical heterogeneity and TiNi3 precipitations strengthening the TiNi matrix.
Histopathologic, Immunohistochemical Features and Profile of Viral Antigens in Patients with Myocarditis
Authors: Rogovskaya Yuliya , Botalov Roman , Ryabov Vyacheslav
Published: February 2015

We studied medical records and endomyocardial biopsies of patients with morphological confirmed lymphocytic myocarditis. The patients were divided into two groups: 1 - patients with arrhythmias; group 2 - patients with predominance syndrome heart failure. Morphological verification of myocarditis was based on World Heart Federation Consensus definition of Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy, 1997. Immunohistological study was performed to identify antigens of cardiotrophic viruses. We revealed some features in topic and character of morphological changes in depending on clinical scenario of myocarditis. In patients with chronic heart failure due to myocarditis revealed a high incidence of expression of LMP-antigen Epstein-Barr virus, the lack of expression of adenovirus antigens. Arrhythmic presentation of myocarditis was characterized by a high frequency of expression of enteroviral VP-1 antigen and the type 1 antigen herpes virus. We were not detected expression of the VP-2 antigen parvovirus B19. As a result the most severe inflammatory changes and interstitial fibrosis of intraventricular septum, widespread damage of myocytes the severe myocardial remodeling was found in patients with presentation of myocarditis by chronic heart failure. Interstitial fibrosis of the outflow tracts of the right ventricle, the low activity of inflammation and mild fibrotic changes were feature of arrhythmic scenario of myocarditis.
Study of Creep in Face-Centered Cubic Crystals under Constant Load and Constant Stress
Authors: Semenov Mikhail , Kolupaeva Svetlana
Published: February 2015

In this study, the phenomenon of creep of face-centered cubic (FCC) crystals have been studied by mathematical modeling. The effect of applied stress on creep curves of copper at different temperatures and stress were performed. We have found that steady-state creep rate is proportional to the applied stress and observed the Stages I-III of creep.
Interconnections between the Polarization Current and the Electromagnetic Signal of Rock Samples under Loading
Authors: Yavorovich Lyudmila V. , Bespal’ko Anatoly A. , Fedotov Pavel I. , Popelyaev Aleksey I.
Published: February 2015

In the work the results of research emerging polarization current and of the electromagnetic signal with a change in the intense-deformed state of rock samples are presented. It is established that at stage of the intense-deformed state of rocks there is a correlation between emerging polarization current and the amplitude of the electromagnetic signal.
Radiation Dose Measurement Technique of the X-Ray Source in the Process of Stabilization
Authors: Miloichikova Irina , Stuchebrov Sergei , Krasnykh Angelina , Wagner Alexander
Published: February 2015

In the article the radiation burden measurement technique of the X-ray source in the process of stabilization is described. The possibility of using this technique for the dose rate determination from the pulsed X-ray source is presented. The measurement technique approbation results at the pulsed X-ray source RAP-160-5 using thermoluminescent dosimeters DTL-02 are shown.
Numerical Simulation of Impact Loading on Solid Propellant within an Orthotropic Shell
Authors: Radchenko Pavel , Radchenko Andrey , Batuev Stanislav
Published: February 2015

The strain-stress state of the solid propellant rocket engines (SPRE) is simulated under impact. Orthotropic organoplastic is the material of the shell. The effect of orientation of elastic and strength properties of the shell material on the strain-stress state of the solid propellant is investigated. Normal interaction of single steel cylinder strikers and oblique impact, both simultaneous and at different times of multiple, converging steel spheric particles with SPRE are considered in the work. The investigation is conducted numerically. The numerical modeling was carried out in three-dimensional statement by a method of finite elements in frameworks of the continual approach of the mechanics of deformable solid. The destruction of the anisotropic material is described by tensor polynomial criterion of the fourth degree, which takes into account the influence of hydrostatic pressure.
Properties of Calcium-Phosphate Coatings Formed by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Lenivtseva Yulia D. , Lapin Ivan N. , Bolbasov Evgeny N. , Tverdokhlebov Sergey I. , Svetlichniy V.A.
Published: February 2015

The paper is dedicated to the research of calcium-phosphate coatings formed on the surface of the polymer layers (copolymer tetrafluoroethylene with vinylidene fluoride) by pulsed laser deposition. The calcium-phosphate coatings were formed using two different by composition targets. The morphology of the obtained coatings was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, the elemental composition was analyzed by Energy Dispersive Analysis, and the chemical composition was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.
Sorption of Cobalt(II) and Copper(II) Ions by Highly Cross-Linked Carboxyl Cation Exchangers from Natural Waters with High Salt Background
Authors: Zharkova Valentina V. , Bobkova Lyudmila A. , Bektimirova Camilla A. , Kozik Vladimir
Published: February 2015

The equilibrium and dynamics of sorption of Co2+ and Cu2+ ions have been investigated on highly cross-linked carboxyl cation exchangers of gel (KB-125P) and macroreticular (KB-2E-10) structure from solutions with an ionic strength of 0.1 and 1. It has been established that there is a weak effect of salt background concentration on selectivity of ion sorption in static conditions. In dynamic conditions with increased levels of background electrolytes, there is a decrease in the degree of ion exchanger layer KB-2E-10, which indicates a decrease in the selectivity of sorption. For the cation exchanger KB-125P, on the contrary, there is an increase in the degree of the layer use. It has been concluded that the gel structure of the sorbent KB-125P provides selective sorption of Co2+ and Cu2+ ions from solutions with high salt background. Coloring of cation exchangers layer KB-125P and KB-2E-10 in the absorption of Cu2+ and Co2+ makes it possible to create effective indicator tubes on their basis.
Synthesis of Cobalt Nanopowder Using Surfactants of Different Nature
Authors: Kolesnikov Evgeny , Levina Vera , Godymchuk Anna , Kuznetsov Denis V. , Polushin Nikolay
Published: February 2015

The synthesis of controlled dispersity nanopowders is a vital nanotechnology task. This paper describes how the type of surfactants used during the hydroxide precursor Co (OH)2 precipitation influences the dispersity of cobalt nanopowder obtained by the process of hydroxide reduction. It has been determined that the usage of surfactants may both increase and decrease the nanopowders dispersity: when using 0.1 wt.% “cetylpyridinium chloride – no surfactants – EDTA sodium salt – polyethylene glycol – sodium lauryl sulfate” surfactant solutions, during the precipitation process the specific surface of the obtained metallic nanopowder was equal to “3.7 – 4.5 – 5.0 – 6.0 – 9.5 m2/g”, respectively.
Morphology and Topology of Coherent Scattering Regions of the Fe-Mn-C Steel Fine Structure
Authors: Zykova Anna P. , Kurzina Irina , Novomejsky Mihail Yu. , Novomejsky Yuriy D.
Published: February 2015

The interaction of components in modifying mixtures with the elements of Fe-Mn-С alloys hyperfine structure is investigated. Comprehensive study of the modified material microstructure is conducted. The substructure of Fe-Mn-С alloys is shown to undergo significant changes. The produced castings are characterized with enhanced physical-and-chemical and technological properties
Investigation of Surface Phase Layers on GaAs after Selective Chemical Etching
Authors: Zarubina Oksana N. , Mokrousov Gennady M. , Touryanski Alexander G. , Pirshin Igor V. , Maliy Liubov V.
Published: February 2015

Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE The combination of methods of voltammetry, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray reflectometry for the first time has been applied for the more comprehensive investigation of interfacial boundaries of GaAs, i.e. determination of phase distribution and thickness of the phase layers. The conditions for the formation of elemental arsenic on a GaAs surface in the process of selective dissolution are discussed. The stability of interfacial boundaries in air has also been studied. The investigations have shown that air storage lead to the oxidation of formed As0 and reorganization of GaAs interfacial boundary accompanied by the formation of Ga2O3 and As0 as a result of a reaction between As2O3 and GaAs. The results on interfacial boundaries composition were found to be correlated with the theoretical data. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Обычная таблица"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
Acoustical Studies and Molecular Interaction of Salicilaldehyde with Iodine in Hexane at Different Temperatures
Authors: Senthamil Selvi C. , Ravichandran S. , Malliga C.P. , Thenmozhi C. , Kannappan V.
Published: February 2015

Ultrasonic velocity and density of salicilaldehyde with iodine in hexane has been measured at 293.15K, 298.15K, 303.15K and 308.15K in different concentration. Ultrasonic velocity has been measured using single frequency interferometer at 2MHz (Model F-81). By using the Ultrasonic velocity (u), density (ρ) and coefficient of viscosity (η) and the other acoustical parameters adiabatic compressibility (κ), free length (Lf), interaction parameter (α), Free volume (Vf) were calculated. The addition of hexane with a mixture leads to a compact structure due to presence of dipolar type interaction. This contributes to the decrease in free volume values and the internal pressure shows an increasing trend. The results have been discussed in terms of solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions between the component and the compatibility of these methods in predicting the interactions in these mixtures has also been discussed.Key Words salicilaldehyde, iodine, hexane, Ultrasonic velocity, molecular interactions.
Optical Response of High-Density Solid Micro- & Nano-Particles in Turbulent Flows
Authors: Kalathoor Sriram P.
Published: February 2015

Optical Visualization Techniques are gaining steady ground as a much favored method for observing and recording the physics of complex flows. These methods use a solid particle dispersed into the concerned flow to analyze the fluid motion. The particles are assumed to be of spherical shape (an acceptable relaxation), wherein the diameter is assumed to be constant this means that the particles have a normal distribution of size, with a sharp peak at the given diameter. Scattering of high-frequency laser light by these particles is the basis of image formation which depicts the flow physics. The fluid phase, which is the carrier phase, is required to impart sufficient momentum to the particulate phase for the particles to trace the flow of the fluid. For this reason, the particles are required to be of sizes not greater than 100 microns, in keeping with the increasing density with size. Alumina and Titania (Al2O3and TiO2) are the most commonly employed seed particles for this purpose. Laser scattering is also dependent on the luminescence prop-erties of the seed particles interactions between particle luminescence and external illumination plays a major role in determining the quality of results. With time, porous particles and artificial materials have found their acceptable places for use in this field. Silica, Glass and Ceramics provide a good balance of density (or weight) and surface area, which is difficult to obtain in metallic particles. The present paper proposes to evaluate the optical response characteristics of dispersed particles vis-a`-vis the operating/flow conditions and the laser systems used. The flow regimes com-monly considered for such studies include turbulence, mixing, reactions, phase changes and so on. Keywords Optical Response; Flow Seeding; Visualization; Multi-phase Flow: Flow Regimes; Particle Dispersion; Laser Diagnostics
Influence of Nano Materials in the Distressed Domain during Maintenance
Authors: Nirmala J. , Dhanalakshmi G. , Rajaraman A.
Published: February 2015

In irrigation structures, seepage through the body wall and foundation play a major role for the assessment of failures in the structures. To design any kind of structure for the proper irrigation, the effect due to seepage should be considered widely. Many methods have been suggested for the prediction of seepage. Seepage analysis ofirrigation structures works mainly on the basis of two dimensional Laplace equation. The Partial Differential Equation Toolbox in MATLAB provides a powerful and flexible environment for the study and solution of partial differential equations in two space dimensions and time. The equations are discretized by the Finite Element Method (FEM). Fluid flow through porous media particularly in the case of irrigation and hydraulic structures like dams and weirs is the focus of the current study and here flaws or cracks which occur in the domain cause variations and need remedial ones to improve or bring back to the original flow pattern. Since flaws in terms of fissures are very small injecting nanomaterial mixed mortar can provide significant improvements and modifications. Here in a rectangular domain the flow is studied throw finite element modeling with and without different sizes and location of flaws. Later these flaws are filled with nanomaterial mortars whose properties are based on test results and the flow is again studied to bring out the changes and improvements. Results are given for different nanomaterial mortars with different flaw sizes.
Morphological Study of HAP Coated Alumina by Sol-Gel Method for Orthopedic Implants
Authors: Shahid M. , Shikha D. , Sinha S.K. , Jha U. , Murugesan S. , Mohandas E. , Kothari D.C.
Published: February 2015

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) Ca10(PO)6(OH)2is widely used as a bioactive ceramics since it forms a chemical bonding to bone. The dominant requirement for the development of HAP coatings on metallic implants is the preparation of stoichiometric material with required chemical and phase composition (Ca/P molar ratio 1.67). In this work the preparation of HAP films by sol-gel method on alumina and its characterization are described. The coating was done using dip-coating method, starting from a colloidal suspension of hydroxyapatite. Compound formation of HAP is confirmed using GIXRD. By Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis Ca/P ratio of the HAP was found to be 1.657 which is very close to the stoichiometric value of 1.67. The FTIR spectra of the coatings were used to determine the presence of chemical species of the coatings. Surface Characterization has been carried out using SEM & AFM techniques. Wettability study has been carried out using OCA and it was found that hydrophobicity decreases with the increase in HAP thickness. Corrosion studies have been carried out using electrochemical analyzer (ECA) in Ringer solution and best corrosion resistance was observed for the thickest sample. The paper discusses the variations in surface morphology using SEM, AFM & EDX and its effect on biocompatibility.
Role of Nanorobots and their Medical Applications
Authors: Muthukumaran G. , Ramachandraiah U. , Samuel D.G. Harris
Published: February 2015

Nanorobotics is the technology of creating robots at nanoscale. Specifically, nanorobotics refers to the hypothetical nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building nanorobots, devices ranging in size from 0.1-10 micrometers and constructed of molecular components. On this concept of artificial non-biological nanorobots, many research centers are performing the research activities. The names nanobots, nanoids, nanites or nanomites have also been used to describe these hypothetical devices. They are applied in advanced medical applications like diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, early detection and treatment of cancer, cellular nonosurgery and genetherapy. A few generations from now someone diagnosed with cancer might be offered a new alternative to chemotherapy. A doctor practicing nanomedicine of chemotherapy would offer the patient an injection of a special type of nanorobot that would seek out cancer cells and destroy them, dispelling the disease at the source, leaving healthy cells untouched unlike the traditional treatment of radiation that kills not only cancer cells but also healthy human cells. Radiation treatment may also cause hair loss, fatigue, nausea, depression, and a host of other symptoms. Thus in nanorobotics, the extent of the hardship to the patient would essentially be a prick to the arm. A person undergoing a nanorobotic treatment could expect to have no awareness of the molecular devices working inside them, other than rapid betterment of their health. A major advantage that nanorobots provide is durability, as they could last for years. The operation time would also be much lower because their displacements are smaller. Hence reduced material costs, accessibility to previously unreachable areas are the motivating factors. Thus our review explains that the designing and testing of primitive devices and their potential applications promise rich benefits for patients, medical personal, engineers, and scientists.
Development of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Using Eco-Friendly Dyes Extracted from Natural Resources
Authors: Selvarajan Sophia , Jerry J. , Dakshinamurthy Arun , Ramasubbu A. , Mosae Selvakumar P.
Published: February 2015

In this study, we investigated the photovoltaic efficiency of DSSC (Dye Sensitized Solar Cell) using five different organic dyes extracted from natural sources namely Gomphrena globosa, Syzygium cumini (fruit and leaf), Crocus sativus, Caesalpinia sappan and Rubia cordifolia. Commercially obtained TiO2 powder, coated over the conducting glass substrate was used as the photo anode and the same coated with carbon soot was used as the photo cathode. UV spectrophotometer and photoluminescence spectrophotometer were used to characterize the dyes to find their absorption and emission maxima respectively. X-Ray diffractometer was used to characterize the TiO2 electrode film. SEM analysis was also carried out to study the surface morphology. The life and efficiency of DSSC can be improved by studying the dye absorption process and the thickness, size and shape of TiO2 coating. Thus, low cost solar cells can be developed with significant power conversion efficiency.Key words: TiO2, DSSC, natural dyes, ITO glass slides, carbon soot, sintering.
Growth and Characterization of Pure and Thiourea Doped L-Alanine Single Crystals for Crystals for NLO Devices
Authors: Malliga P. , Pragasam A. Joseph Arul
Published: February 2015

Single crystals of pure and thiourea substituted L-alanine single crystals were grown successfully by the solution method with slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The effect of dopant on crystal properties has been studied. The solubility of the grown samples was found at various temperatures. Structural characterization of the grown crystals was determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). EDAX studies indicate the presence of thiourea in the doped L-alanine crystals. The functional groups were identified by FTIR spectroscopy. The UV-Vis- NIR spectral studies were carried out to analyze the optical absorption of the grown crystals and found that the absorption is very low in the wavelength region 232-1000nm for both the samples. SEM studies explain the surface morphologies of the grown crystals. Improvement in the SHG efficiency was studied by the Kurtz and Perry method. Thermal analysis has been carried on the grown crystal. Keywords: NLO, XRD, EDAX, UV-Vis-NIR, SEM
Surface Bonding Effect in Thermo Physical Properties of Aluminium Nitride Nano-Particle
Authors: Diwan Bhoopendra Dhar , Murugan Sambandam
Published: February 2015

In this paper we have studied the size and number of atom-pairs dependence normalized per atom pair binding (cohesive) energy and melting temperature of the Aluminium nitride () nanoparticle using simple model approach. It is observed that the per-atom-pair binding (cohesive) energy and melting temperature are a quadratic function of the inverse of the particle size fornano-particle. The per atom-pair binding (cohesive) energy and melting temperature comes near that of their bulk value with increasing the particle size and same as the bulk material when the particle size is above than 100 nm.KeywordsSemiconductors; Size effect; Binding energy; Melting temperature; nanoparticle; nanocluster.
Magnetization Reversal in PrCrO3
Authors: Venugopal Rao B. , Vittal Prasad B. , Narsinga Rao G. , Chou F.C. , Suresh Babu D.
Published: February 2015

PrCrO3(PCO) samples were prepared by Citric acid route .The samples were characterized by XRD and SEM. The sample exhibits a single phase orthorhombic structure with Pbnm space group. The temperature dependent and field dependent magnetic measurements were measured in the range of 5K-400K at 100 Oe field and 0 to 5T field at 5K and RT respectively .The temperature dependence of dc magnetic properties show that the ZFC and FC magnetization curves are irreversible strongly and nearly symmetrical below 240K .There appears a novel magnetization behavior with negative magnetization characteristic in ZFC, the diamagnetism like behavior .This behavior exhibits the coexistence of canted anti-ferromagnetic and weak ferromagnetic phase and the existence of competition mechanism below 240K . This behavior can be interpreted from the interaction between Pr3+and Cr3+moments .The field and temperature dependent magnetization indicates the phase transition from canted anti ferromagnetic to paramagnetic occurred below 240K. In the region of higher temperature above 240K, PrCrO3behaved as a typical Curie-Weiss paramagnetic.Keywords: Orthochromites ,Multiferroics ,Neel temperature.PACS: 75.85 +t, 75.60 d, 75.50.Ee,75.30 Et,76.30 Kg
Crushing Behaviour of Empty Steel Tubes under Oblique Loading
Authors: Nezere Norhafizan , Ismail Al Emran
Published: February 2015

This paper presents numerically the empty tube response subjected to oblique loading. According to literature survey, there have large number of works discuss on the crushing performance when subjected to axial loading. However, lack of work available on the crushing behaviour under oblique loading. Therefore, this work presents the numerical studies on the crushing behavior of empty tube subjected to oblique loading. ANSYS Finite element program was used to model and solve the problem. The developed model was firstly validated with the previous result and it is found that the results obtained were acceptable. There were two important parameters were used such as tube geometry and oblique loading. According to the present results, when oblique angles were increased, the crushing performance decreased. However, when the elliptical ratios were increased, the energy capabilities increased.
The Effect of Hydroxyapatite Composition on β Titanium Nanocomposites
Authors: Shamsuddin Saidatulakmar , Awang Kasani Norhanida , Wan Nawai Wan Nurul Syaza , Mayappan Ramani , Ahmad Zainal Arifin
Published: February 2015

The effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) particle composition on the microstructure, Vickers microhardness, relative density and phases of β titanium nanocomposite prepared by powder metallurgy method were investigated experimentally. Hydroxyapatite particle in the range of 5 wt% to 25 wt% were mixed with Ti-35Nb-2.5Sn particles. The samples were pressed at 111 MPa and sintered at 900°C for 2 hours in a vacuum furnace. Result shows that by increasing the hydroxyapatite composition from 5 wt% to 15 wt %, the relative density and Vickers mirohardness increased. Phase analysis of raw materials was studied by XRD analysis and microstructure of composite by SEM.
Reinforced Green Ceramic Shell Mould for Investment Casting Process
Authors: Harun Zawati , Kamarudin Noor Hasliza , Ibrahim Mustaffa , Idris Maizlinda Izwana , Ahmad Sufizar
Published: February 2015

The development of thin ceramic shell mould in investment casting process is very crucial as this mould inherited brittle property and highly exposed to the cracking mechanism. The slurry composition produces green (unfired) ceramic shell mould which low in strength and easily crack or fail during wax removal or handling process. By strengthening of this brittle ceramic shell mould via reinforcement technique can enhance the strength of green shell mould body. In this work, the presence of the treated rice husk fibre have toughened the green shell mould by creating mechanical interlocking bonding in shell matrix which contributes to higher modulus rupture value. In fact, SEM observations showed that the addition of fiber to the ceramic body to form a composite shell mould prevent the crack propagation mechanism due to the existence of the matrix-fibre bridging which create the resistance of fiber to pull-out. This directly will increase the strength of green shell mould body. .