bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cuerpos femeninos en movimiento o acerca de los significados sobre la salud y la enfermedad a fines del siglo XIX en Argentina
Authors: Scharagrodsky Pablo Ariel
Published: November 2011

El siguiente artículo analiza a las prácticas corporales -la educación física escolar, las gimnasias, los juegos, los bailes, los paseos, las caminatas y ciertos sports- en la Argentina a finales del siglo XIX como un terreno conflictivo en el que distintos actores y grupos sociales pusieron en circulación, distribución, transmisión y producción un conjunto complejo y heterogéneo de tópicos vinculados con el cuerpo y su funcionamiento, la salud y la enfermedad, la diferencia sexual y la feminidad. Centramos la atención, desde el discurso médico, en una de las enfermedades más mencionadas en la época: la histeria. Asimismo, analizamos el significado que tuvo la salud para las niñas y mujeres que experimentaron la práctica de la gimnasia y de los diferentes ejercicios físicos prescriptos. El interrogante central es: ¿cómo y por qué el registro médico conceptualizó el par salud/enfermedad en las niñas y mujeres en el marco de ciertas prácticas corporales?
Acne fulminans incapacitante
Authors: Zanelato Tiago Pina , Gontijo Gabriela Maria Abreu , Alves Célia Antônia Xavier de Moares , Pinto Jacqueline Campoi Calvo Lopes , Cunha Paulo Rowilson
Published: November 2011

Acne fulminans é uma manifestação rara, que pode ocorrer durante a evolução da acne vulgar, principalmente, em adolescentes masculinos. Uso de isotretinoína, testosterona, e reações imunológicas exacerbadas no organismo são desencadeantes relacionados. Sinais, sintomas e alterações laboratoriais como: febre, hepatomegalia, poliartralgia, leucocitose, plaquetose, aumento de provas inflamatórias e transaminases, são característicos. A cintilografia óssea pode detectar lesões líticas em vários sítios do esqueleto. O tratamento é realizado com prednisolona, isotretinoína e antibióticos se infecções secundárias. Este caso relata um paciente masculino com diagnóstico de acne grau III, que desenvolveu acne fulminans e sacroileíte bilateral, com incapacidade de deambulação após início de terapia com isotretinoína
Amiloidose macular de localização atípica
Authors: Melo Bárbara Lima Araújo , Costa Igor Santos , Goes Clara de Assis Martins , Tigre Celina Aguiar Frota , André Nara Frota
Published: November 2011

A amiloidose macular é uma forma cutânea primária de amiloidose, caracterizada tipicamente por máculas acastanhadas, acometendo predominantemente a região interescapular. O presente caso é o de uma mulher de 45 anos, há um ano com manchas hipercrômicas, rendilhadas e não pruriginosas, em membros superiores, região cervical, sacral e membros inferiores. No estudo histopatológico da biópsia de pele, foi evidenciada substância amiloide amorfa no topo das papilas dérmicas, que se tornou mais evidente após a coloração pelo vermelho Congo. Não havia alterações sistêmicas associadas. Além da localização atípica e extensa da amiloidose cutânea macular, o presente caso procura acrescentar dados para esclarecimento do tema
Angiodema due to oral acitretin and isotretinoin
Authors: Cunha Filho Roberto Rheingantz da , Almeida Jr Hiram Larangeira de , Breunig Juliano de Avelar
Published: November 2011

Angioedema may be caused by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors, radiocontrast media, antibiotics, sea food etc. It can involve an allergic (IgE-mediated) or non-allergic hypersensitivity reaction, both with a similar clinical presentation. While angioedema due to isotretionin has been described previously, this is the first description of angiodema due to acitretin. We report two uncommon cases of palpebral and labial angiodema due to retinoids, by acitretin and oral isotretinoin respectively: a 48-year-old man with psoriasis and a 24-year-old woman with severe acne resistant to antibiotics and topical drugs. In both cases the reaction persisted through-out treatment with these drugs, but resolved quickly after discontinuation. Reintroduction of the drugs brought on angioedema again
Balanite plasmocitária de Zoon: relato de dois casos tratados com pimecrolimo
Authors: Delgado Livia , Brandt Hebert Roberto Clivati , Ortolan Damaris G , Patriota Régia Celli Ribeiro , Criado Paulo Ricardo , Belda Junior Walter
Published: November 2011

Inicialmente, denominada "Balanoposthite chronique circonscrite benigne a plasmocytes", a balanite plasmocitária de Zoon é uma dermatose inflamatória crônica da glande e prepúcio afetando homens não circuncisados. As diferentes opções de tratamento para esta afecção apresentam frequentemente resultados parciais. Relatos têm demonstrado sucesso terapêutico, com o uso de tacrolimo tópico. Relatamos o uso de pimecrolimus, um homólogo de tacrolimo, com boa resposta. Dois doentes do sexo masculino, com diagnóstico de Balanite de Zoon confirmado através de biópsia, foram submetidos a um tratamento diário com pimecrolimus tópico a 1%, com importante melhora da doença após 6 semanas para o paciente, 1 e 8 semanas para o 2. Conclusão: O pimecrolimus em creme pode ser uma opção para o tratamento da doença
Diffuse plane xanthomatosis associated with monoclonal gammopathy
Authors: Rosmaninho Aristóteles , Fernandes Iolanda , Guimas Arlindo , Amorim Isabel , Selores Manuela
Published: November 2011

Diffuse plane normolipemic xanthomatosis (DPNX) is a rare, non-inherited disease that is often associated with systemic diseases, mainly malignant hematological (especially multiple myeloma) or lymph proliferative disorders. The DPNX can precede the appearance of such conditions by several years, so careful follow-up and periodic laboratory examinations are recommended even for patients that seemed to have no underlying disease. We describe a case associated with monoclonal gammopathy. This case shows that dermatological lesions can be the first manifestation of important hematological diseases and so physicians should be familiarized with this entity
Elaioconiose: relato de caso
Authors: Valgas Nanashara , Salaro Cristina Paula , Bornhausen-Demarch Eduardo , Bonora Clarice Jordão , Broce Ariane Aimee Abrego
Published: November 2011

Elaioconiose é uma dermatose ocupacional do tipo acneiforme que afeta as áreas expostas de trabalhadores que lidam com óleos ou graxas. Atualmente, com o uso dos equipamentos de proteção individual, medidas de higiene pessoal e lavagem dos uniformes de trabalho, sua incidência diminuiu. Apesar de não ser uma doença rara, é pouco relatada na literatura, principalmente na nacional. Seu tratamento é lento e para a resolução das lesões, requer o afastamento do trabalhador de suas atividades laborativas
Hiperqueratose lenticular persistente
Authors: Cunha Filho Roberto Rheingantz da , Almeida Jr Hiram Larangeira de
Published: November 2011

Doença de Flegel ou hiperqueratose lenticular persistente é uma doença rara, caracterizada por pequenas pápulas hiperceratóticas, assintomáticas, localizadas preferencialmente nos membros inferiores. Histologicamente, há hiperortoceratose, atrofia epidérmica e infiltrado inflamatório em banda. Os tratamentos, em geral, são ineficazes. Relatamos um caso em que as lesões biopsiadas não recidivaram após dois anos de seguimento
Histiocitose de células de Langerhans com acometimento vulvar e com resposta terapêutica à talidomida: relato de caso
Authors: Fernandes Lana Bezerra , Guerra Jackeline Gomes , Costa Maurício Barcelos , Paiva Isadora Guimarães , Duran Fernanda Paglia , Jacó Diogo Neves
Published: November 2011

A histiocitose de células de Langerhans é representante de um raro grupo de síndromes histiocitárias, sendo caracterizada pela proliferação das células de Langerhans. Suas manifestações variam de lesão solitária a envolvimento multissistêmico, sendo o acometimento vulvar incomum. Segue-se o relato de caso refratário da doença limitada à pele, em mulher de 57 anos. A paciente apresentava história de pápulas eritematosas ulceradas em couro cabeludo, face, vulva, tronco e axila há seis anos. O diagnóstico da doença é difícil, sendo confirmado neste caso através de estudo imuno-histoquímico e se obteve resposta terapêutica e eficaz, com a administração de talidomida
Líquen escleroso e atrófico acral: relato de caso
Authors: Viana Fernanda de Oliveira , Cavaleiro Luíza Helena dos Santos , Unger Deborah Aben Athar , Miranda Mario Fernando Ribeiro de , Brito Arival Cardoso de
Published: November 2011

O líquen escleroso e atrófico é uma doença crônica da pele e mucosas, que, usualmente, afeta a área genital de mulheres. Poucos casos de líquen escleroso e atrófico, confinados nos pés e/ou mãos, têm sido relatados. Relatamos um caso de líquen escleroso e atrófico envolvendo as extremidades e,posteriormente, a área perigenital
Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico bolhoso: diagnóstico diferencial com dermatite herpetiforme
Authors: Barbosa Wanessa Simão , Rodarte Camila Martins , Guerra Jackeline Gomes , Maciel Vanessa Gomes , Fleury Júnior Luiz Fernando Fróes , Costa Maurício Barcelos
Published: November 2011

O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico bolhoso é um subtipo raro do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, que ocorre ainda de forma mais incomum nos pacientes pediátricos. Relatamos o caso de uma adolescente de 12 anos, apresentando lesões vésico-bolhosas em face, pescoço, tronco, mucosas oral e genital, anemia, leucocitúria estéril, FAN: 1/1280 padrão nuclear pontilhado grosso, Anti-Sm e Anti-RNP positivos. O estudo anatomopatológico sugere dermatite herpetiforme e a imunofluorescência direta revela IgG, IgA e fibrina ao longo da zona de membrana basal. Apresentamos um caso típico de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico bolhoso e enfatizamos a importância do diagnóstico diferencial com a dermatite herpetiforme
Ocorrência familiar de esporotricose zoonótica
Authors: Cordeiro Fernanda Nóbrega , Bruno Carolina Barbosa , Paula Carmen Déa Ribeiro de , Motta Jorgeth de Oliveira Carneiro da
Published: November 2011

A esporotricose é micose subaguda ou crônica, causada pelo fungo dimórfico Sporothrix schenckii, endêmica no Brasil e transmitida principalmente através da inoculação traumática de seu agente causal na pele. A transmissão zoonótica, especialmente por gatos infectados, tem sido demonstrada em diversos relatos e séries de casos. Nós descrevemos a ocorrência simultânea da doença em três membros de uma mesma família através da arranhadura por gato doméstico infectado. Dois pacientes desenvolveram a forma cutânea-linfática e apenas um desenvolveu a forma cutânea fixa. Dois pacientes foram tratados com sucesso, com solução saturada de iodeto de potássio; entretanto, o terceiro caso apresentou efeitos colaterais e teve seu tratamento substituído por itraconazol, com resolução de suas lesões
Tratamento dos angiofibromas múltiplos da face com radiofrequência
Authors: Gomes Allysson Antonio Ribeiro , Gomes Ylka Virginia Ribeiro , Lima Felipe Barbosa , Pessoa Salustiano Gomes de Pinho
Published: November 2011

Esclerose tuberosa é uma doença genética rara, com herança autossômica dominante, associada à formação de hamartomas múltiplos em vários órgãos, como cérebro, pele, pulmões, rins, coração e olhos. Os autores deste estudo apresentam um caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, com 30 anos de idade, portadora de esclerose tuberosa, apresentando múltiplos angiofibromas em face, tratada com equipamento de alta frequência (radiofrequência), e discutem as opções terapêuticas para tratamento de indivíduos portadores de esclerose tuberosa com extenso envolvimento cutâneo
Curva de Phillips e macrodinâmica do capital ótimo
Authors: Correia Fernando Motta , Pereima João Basílio
Published: November 2011

Este artigo apresenta novos argumentos para alguns dos fatos estilizados, recentemente, sobre a dinâmica da inflação, apontados por Mishkin (2007), quais sejam: a) a persistência dos choques de inflação estão declinando; b) a curva de Phillips esta se tornando mais horizontal e; c) a inflação tem se mostrado menos reativa à choques nos preços. É abordado o problema da determinação da oferta agregada em que alegamos que a versão novokeynesiana da curva de Phillips, apesar dos avanços, ainda não incorpora os determinantes da ampliação do produto potencial e, que esta inclusão é uma das explicações para os fatos estilizados (fato b), revelados recentemente por Mishkin.
Metas de inflação e volatilidade cambial: uma análise da experiência internacional com PAINEL-GARCH
Authors: Rocha Marcos , Curado Marcelo
Published: November 2011

A adoção de regimes de metas inflacionárias tem como corolário o funcionamento de um regime de câmbio flutuante. Esta conexão leva alguns analistas a concluírem que um dos custos da implantação de metas de inflação é o aumento da volatilidade do câmbio. Este trabalho segue a sugestão de Edwards (2006) de que a avaliação da volatilidade cambial dentro do regime de metas deve ser feita controlando-se os efeitos do regime cambial vigente. A análise, portanto, dever ser da volatilidade condicional. Este artigo analisa a volatilidade condicional estimando um modelo de PAINEL-GARCH exponencial para 20 países que oficialmente adotaram o regime de metas. Os diferentes regimes cambiais são contemplados na explicação da volatilidade como variáveis de controle, seguindo a classificação acurada de regimes cambiais proposta por Reinhart e Rogoff (2002). Assim, os resultados contrariam muitas ideias cristalizadas por parte da literatura. No caso dos países emergentes, diferentemente do resultado para países desenvolvidos, foi encontrado que a adoção do regime de metas de inflação, Ceteris paribus, reduz a volatilidade condicional da taxa de câmbio real. Apesar de aparentemente desconcertante a princípio, o resultado segue uma lógica que é desenvolvida no artigo e que, em última instância, sugere problemas de credibilidade para o comportamento singular da volatilidade para esses países. Dentro desse contexto, é destacada a conexão entre estabilidade, fear of floating e especificidades dos países emergentes, como a dimensão do pass-trough cambial sobre os preços.
Performance comparison of track ropes in contemporary ropeway installations
Authors: Basak D , Pal S , Patranabis D  C
Published: November 2011

Non-destructive testing is an important means for assessment of the performance of track ropes in a bi-cable zig-back ropeway installation. The visual method produces the possibility of inadequate inspection due to its subjectivity. Electromagnetic and visual wire rope inspections complement
each other. Both are essential for safe operation. Periodic in-situ measurement of faults in ropes would help to determine the effects of various parameters on rope life. Track ropes are generally locked coil ropes. Full locked coil (FLC) ropes are made with a spiral strand as the main core
and are finally covered with one or more layers of shaped wires. The final covering layer is made from full locked sections of wires which interlock with each other and present a smooth surface. Wire ropes wear out eventually, gradually losing work capability throughout their useful life,
making periodic inspections, lubrication and tensioning necessary. Magnetic flaw detectors, which measure the loss of metallic area (LMA) and detect local faults (LF) such as broken wires and other faults, are used to determine rope wear. In this paper, an attempt has been made to describe
the performance of track ropes in contemporary ropeway installations.
Fatigue damage assessment for ferromagnetic items based on the metal magnetic memory technique
Authors: Shangkun Ren , Yangchun Ou , Yi Li
Published: November 2011

Metal magnetic memory (MMM) testing is a novel magnetic method for inspecting the fatigue damage of ferromagnetic specimens. In order to promote further understanding of the relationship between the leakage magnetic field and the fatigue damage parameter, the distributions of the leakage
magnetic field on different cycle numbers, N, were measured and analysed during the tensile stress fatigue experiment. The results indicate that using magnetic characteristics to evaluate the fatigue damage for specimens is effective. A new fatigue damage model was set up which can provide
a good assessment method for the fatigue damage of ferromagnetic material. The stress intensity factor ΔK has a close relationship with the cycle number N and the distribution of the leakage magnetic field. It shows that the use of ΔK as a parameter to evaluate the degree of fatigue
damage is feasible.
Gene flow matters in switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.), a potential widespread biofuel feedstock
Authors: Kwit Charles , Stewart C. Neal
Published: November 2011

There currently exists a large push for the use, improvement, and expansion via landscape modification of dedicated biofuel crops (feedstocks) in the United States and in many parts of the world. Ecological concerns have been voiced because many biofuel feedstocks exhibit characteristics associated with invasiveness, and due to potential negative consequences of agronomic genes in native wild populations. Seed purity concerns for biofuel feedstock cultivars whose seeds would be harvested in agronomic fields also exist from the agribusiness sector. The common thread underlying these concerns, which have regulatory implications, is gene flow; thus detailed knowledge of gene flow in biofuel crop plants is important in the formulation of environmental risk management plans. Here, we synthesize the current state of knowledge of gene flow in an exemplary biofuel crop, switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.), which is native to eastern North America and is currently experiencing conventional and technological advances in biomass yields and ethanol production. Surprisingly little is known regarding aspects of switchgrass pollen flow and seed dispersal, and whether native populations of conspecific or congeneric relatives will readily cross with current agronomic switchgrass cultivars. We pose that filling these important gaps will be required to confront the sustainability challenges of widespread planting of biofuel feedstocks.
Nursing Leader: Mary O. Mundinger
Authors: Doser Lani
Published: November 2011

Dr. Mary O. Mundinger was one of the earliest leaders in the proposal and creation of the doctor of nursing practice (DNP) degree. She is a prime model of an effective nurse leader. By her example, nursing leaders should carefully diagnose organizational problems, commit to making forward movement, and invest in others to sustain the solution. Change must include both passion and endurance. Allies with power and influence move the issue beyond where one could take it through sheer will alone. The purpose of this article is to discuss a single change agent and to use this analysis as a springboard for beginning leadership development.
Review of approaches to reducing adverse impacts of road deicing on groundwater in Finland
Authors: Salminen Jani M. , Nystén Taina H. , Tuominen Sirkku M.
Published: November 2011

An increase in groundwater chloride concentrations was first reported 20 years ago in Finland. This discovery coincided with a sharp rise in the rate of road-salt application – the annual amount of NaCl consumed had increased from 50 t a−1 in the late 1970s to 140 t a−1 10 years later. To reverse these trends, research and development projects aimed at the reduced application of sodium chloride and improved protection of valuable groundwater resources were initiated. Several innovations, methods and practices, including the use of brine and pre-wetting, preventive anti-icing, advanced devices for salt spreading, utilization of meteorological online data and rewarding the private contractors for accurate, timely and scarce anti- and deicing, has resulted in a decline of 35% in the amount of salt applied since the early 1990s. Research on the fate and behavior of road salt in groundwater aquifers, predictions of future chloride concentrations and risk assessment have guided the risk management actions taken. Campaigns with reduced salting, use of geomembranes and recent progress on alternative deicing agents provide attractive options for further work towards sound deicing at valuable groundwater areas.
Measurement of cyanide in urban snowmelt and runoff
Authors: Exall Kirsten , Rochfort Quintin , Marsalek Jiri
Published: November 2011

Ferrocyanide compounds enter the environment as anti-caking additives to road salts. In illuminated aquatic environments, the salts dissociate and form toxic free cyanide, which can then be lost through volatilization. The most common techniques for analysis of cyanide in environmental samples measure total and free (generally weak-acid dissociable, WAD) cyanide species. Cyanide has been detected in urban snow and winter runoff, but its potential impact in aquatic environments is not well understood. Between 2007 and 2009, cyanide was measured in parking lot runoff after deicer application, runoff from an urban snow disposal site and stormwater ponds. Parking lot runoff concentrations were highest, with 42% of samples displaying WAD cyanide and 97% containing total cyanide at concentrations higher than the method detection limit (MDL) of 0.01 mg/L. Smaller proportions of snow disposal site runoff and stormwater pond samples displayed WAD and total cyanide levels above the MDLs. Since the MDLs achieved were higher than guideline levels, the actual number of exceedances could not be determined. While this study indicates that cyanide in road salts poses a potential risk to the aquatic environment, it also highlights the need for more sensitive analytical techniques for such samples.
Adoption of best practices for the environmental management of road salt in Ontario
Authors: Stone M. , Marsalek J.
Published: November 2011

There are increasing concerns regarding the adverse environmental impacts of chloride from road salts. A web-based survey was conducted to determine how the Code of Practice for the environmental management of road salts has influenced the adoption of best practices in Ontario, Canada. The majority of large Ontario municipalities have salt management plans that adequately address safety and the environment. Most municipalities train a high percentage of permanent staff but only half of seasonal workers and 21% of private contractors are trained. Most training programs cover key learning goals defined by the Code of Practice. There is little improvement in the management of salt-vulnerable areas. Many existing snow disposal sites are poorly designed and do not manage snowmelt quality. The Code has strongly contributed to the adoption and improvement of salt management practices in Ontario by helping to standardize practices and advance the rate of implementation of best practices. Barriers to further implementation of the Code include understanding the Code, institutional will, liability, limited technical/financial resources and public expectation of high service levels. Further benefits can be achieved by aggressively promoting the Code and improving education and training programs for the public, private contractors and staff of road authorities.
Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on Biological Nutrient Removal by Denitrifying Phosphorus‐Accumulating Organisms in a Continuous‐Flow System
Authors: Yuan Qiuyan , Oleszkiewicz Jan A.
Published: November 2011

A laboratory‐scale continuous‐flow system with an anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic configuration was set up to study the effect of oxygen in the internal recycle stream; of particular interest was its performance of denitrifying phosphorus‐accumulating organisms (DPAOs). It was found that, by using a degas device, the dissolved oxygen in the nitrate recycle stream was effectively decreased from 0.1±0.02 to 0.01±0.01 mg/L. This provided a favorable condition for DPAOs to grow under an anoxic condition and thus be sustained successfully in the system. When the degas device was removed from the system, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the anoxic reactor increased to 0.1±0.02 mg/L. The proliferation of the denitrifying glycogen‐accumulating organisms (DGAOs) population and deterioration of DPAOs performance was observed. The increased population of DGAO/GAOs, which competed for the carbon source with DPAO/PAOs, resulted in a poor performance of biological phosphorus removal.
Microbial Decolorization of Synthetic Dyes and Reactive Dyes of Industrial Effluents by Using a Novel Fungus Aspergillus proliferans
Authors: Kanmani Paulraj , kumar R. Satish , Yuvaraj N. , Paari K. A. , Pattukumar V. , Arul Venkatesan
Published: November 2011

A decolorizing fungal strain was isolated and identified by the morphology and genotypic characterization as Aspergillus proliferans. The effect of A. proliferans on decolorization of synthetic dyes (70mg ml−1) and colored effluent was evaluated in liquid culture medium. A. proliferans expressed their effective decolorization activity in effectual decolorization of synthetic dyes and industrial effluent. Synthetic dyes were decolorized by 76 to 89% within 6 days of treatment and 73.5% of color was removed in industrial effluent within 8 days. The addition of optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were effectively stimulated the decolorization activity. The high concentration of glucose repressed the decolorization activity and supplementation of yeast extract has significantly enhanced the effluent decolorization at p < 0.05. Laccase enzyme was isolated from liquid state fermentation, which showed significant enzyme activity (10,200 Uml−1) at p < 0.005. The crude enzyme decolorizes the dyes aniline blue and congo red in 14 hours (40.9 to 70%) and the effluent in 14 hours (88.6%). Moreover, the culture free supernatant without the fungal biomass has also effectively decolorized the effluent and synthetic dyes. The fungi Aspergillus proliferans was used not only for decolorization but also for better bioremediation of industrial effluent.
Disinfection and Antimicrobial Processes
Authors: Kuo Jeff , Hicks Travis
Published: November 2011

A review of the literature published in 2010 on topics related to disinfection and antimicrobial processes for water and wastewater. This review is divided into the following sections: general, disinfection methods, disinfection chemistry, analytical methods, disinfection byproducts, and biosolids.
Textiles
Authors: Chiavola Agostina
Published: November 2011

A review of the literature published in 2010 on topics relating to the treatment alternatives for wastewater from the textile industries is presented. This paper is divided into the following sections: some general reviews of the processes removing organic dyes and of the toxicity of textiles, followed by the more promising treatment technologies distinguished into physicochemical, biological and combined processes.
Groundwater Quality
Authors: Hua Bin , Yang John , Deng Baolin
Published: November 2011

Papers reviewed herein provide a general overview of groundwater quality around the world in 2010. These include groundwater quality survey and assessment in urban and rural areas, the impacts of land uses on groundwater quality, with a focus on groundwater contamination, pollution prevention, and remediation.
Nonpoint Source Pollution
Authors: Tong Yangbin , Deng Zhiqiang , Gang Daniel Dianchen
Published: November 2011

This article presents a comprehensive review of research advances in 2010 on nonpoint source (NPS) water pollution caused by various known (urban stormwater, highway stormwater, agricultural runoff, and atmospheric deposition) and unknown sources. Progresses in modeling approaches, total maximum daily load (TMDL) calculations, low impact development (LID) technologies and best management practices (BMPs) for NPS pollution controls, as well as their socioeconomic impacts are reviewed. In addition, impacts of global climate change on NPS pollution are also summarized.
Substratum‐Associated Microbiota
Authors: Liess Antonia , Francoeur Steven N.
Published: November 2011

A review of the literature published in 2010 on topics relating to on the subject of ecology of substratum‐associated microbiota (algae, bacteria, and fungi). We also highlighted some of the new methods that can be applied to the study of substratum‐associated microbiota and included newly described taxa.
Wet Gas Measurement with Slotted Orifice Meter--Effect of Geometry of Slots and Pressure
Authors: Kumar Perumal , Chai Boon Foo , Wong Ming Bing Michael
Published: November 2011

Wet gas metering by differential pressure flow meters is gaining prominence in the oil and gas industry, owing to their simple construction. Slotted orifice, a modified version of the standard orifice meter has been found promising by many researchers. This novel flow meter is shown to be insensitive to the upstream flow profile with lower head loss and faster pressure recovery compared to the standard orifice. In the present work, the effect of geometry of slots and pressure on the performance of the slotted orifice has been studied by CFD modeling of the wet gas flow. The performance of slotted orifice with rectangular perforations (1.5 ≤ l/w ≤ 3.0) and circular perforations has been compared with that of the standard orifice having same β-ratio of 0.40. Simulation results reveal that the shape of perforation of the slotted orifice has no effect on the differential pressure. However, the pressure recovery with the rectangular slots is found to increase with increasing aspect ratio. Moreover, at low pressure, slotted orifice is found to be more sensitive to liquid presence than the standard orifice. The relatively higher over reading values obtained in this work is consistent with the results of Geng et al (2006) that for slotted orifice, a low beta ratio is more sensitive to the liquid presence in the stream and hence is preferable for wet gas metering. Homogeneous model, Steven’s and De Leeuw’s correlations, are found to be better than orifice correlations for wet gas mass flow prediction.
Schizotypy and Hemisphericity
Authors: Kelley Michael P.
Published: November 2011

There is considerable evidence that schizophrenia spectrum disorders are associated with a variety of abnormal asymmetries of brain structure, function, and behavior. Schizotypy is a personality trait dimension extending into the normal range, which at its extreme, is associated with a vulnerability to schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizotypy in the normal range is also associated with a variety of neurobiological characteristics associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including abnormal brain and behavioral asymmetries. Previous studies have suggested that normal schizotypy (as well as belief in the paranormal) is associated with an increased reliance on the right hemisphere in a variety of tasks. Hemisphericity is a trait-related characteristic preference for the cognitive mode of one or the other cerebral hemispheres, putatively related to hemispheric activation asymmetry. A sample of 256 undergraduates was administered five schizotypy scales, as well as three hemisphericity measures. Higher schizotypy scores were associated with an increase in right hemisphericity and a decrease in integrated hemisphericity. Although the construct of hemisphericity has been criticized, there is evidence to suggest that questionnaire and eye movement measures of hemisphericity may yet have construct validity, and further research on hemisphericity may be warranted.
Stress and Happiness among Adolescents with Varying Frequency of Physical Activity
Authors: Moljord Inger Elise Opheim , Eriksen Lasse , Moksnes Unni Karin , Espnes Geir Arild
Published: November 2011

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate associations between physical activity, stress, and happiness, as well as possible sex and age differences on these variables in a survey of 1, 508 adolescent pupils (13 to 18 yr.) in middle Norway. Adolescents who reported they participated in physical activity 2 to 3 times per week or more scored significantly lower on stress and higher on happiness than those who participated in physical activity 1 day per week or less. There was no significant difference on stress and happiness between those being physically active 2 or 3 times a week and those being active almost every day. There was no sex difference in physical activity frequency. Girls had higher mean scores on stress, and boys scored higher on happiness. Adolescents 15 to 16 years old showed higher stress scores than those 17 to 18 years old, but there were no significant differences between the different age groups when looking at happiness and physical activity. A statistically significant two-way interaction of sex by age was found on both stress and happiness.
Development of the Mental Clutter Scale
Authors: Leavitt Frank , Katz Robert S.
Published: November 2011

Mental fog is a core symptom of fibromyalgia. Its definition and measurement are central to an understanding of fibromyalgia-related cognitive disability. The Mental Clutter Scale was designed to measure mental fogginess. In an exploratory factor analysis of two different samples ( n = 128 and n = 170), cognitive symptoms of fibromyalgia loaded on 2 dimensions: cognition and mental clarity. The mental clarity factor comprised 8 items with factor loadings greater than .60 and was named the Mental Clutter Scale. The factor stability of the new scale was good, internal consistency was .95, and test-retest reliability over a median of 5 days was .92. The 8-item scale is a quick measure of mental fog that provides clinicians with information about cognitive functioning in fibromyalgia.
Depression and Self-Focused Language in Structured Interviews with Older Men
Authors: Jarrold William , Javitz Harold S. , Krasnow Ruth , Peintner Bart , Yeh Eric , Swan Gary E. , Mehl Matthias
Published: November 2011

The association between depression and self-focused language has been found to varying extents across studies. The presence or absence of the association may depend on the communicative context. Based on Beck's depression model, a broad, evaluative self-focused question was predicted more likely to elicit a stronger association than a full interview containing a more heterogeneous question set of items. The spontaneous speech obtained during structured interviews of 26 depressed and nondepressed older men, an as-yet little studied population, was analyzed. Results were consistent with the hypothesis that association between self-focused language and depression was demonstrated in the target question but not across the entire interview. The results may explain some of the aforementioned discrepancies in prior studies.
Flexibility of Theory of Mind in a Matrix Game when Partner's Level is Different
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Xi-Ping , Zhu Liqi
Published: November 2011

The development of theory of mind (ToM) was investigated as flexibility of prediction and decision-making in matrix games with 202 13-, 16-, 19-, and 24-year-old participants. The ToM flexibility of prediction and decision-making showed no significant differences among any age group. The ToM flexibility of prediction and decision-making of the 0th-order partner was better than that of the 1st-order partner. The ToM flexibility of prediction was better than the ToM flexibility of decision making. Matrix games are a feasible, effective, and discriminative way to explore higher levels of theory of mind.
Change in Subtle N170 Specialization in Response to Chinese Characters and Pseudocharacters
Authors: Ca Xiao-Hua , Zhang Huan-Ting
Published: November 2011

The N170 effect is thought to reflect fast perceptual processing for visual words. While quite a few studies on developmental word-related coarse N170 specialization have been reported, little is known about the appearance of the subtle N170 specialization in processing logographic scripts by Chinese children. The present study investigated the changes of subtle N170 specialization for Chinese logographic script in 32 primary schoolchildren in Grades 2 and 6, and in 16 college students. Participants were required to perform a content-irrelevant color-matching task. The results showed that the subtle N170 specialization for Chinese characters had not emerged in Grade 2 children. Interestingly, both Chinese characters and pseudowords elicited larger N170 responses than stroke combinations in Grade 6 children and adults, which suggested that the subtle N170 specialization for Chinese characters associated with reading learning had achieved adult level in children by Grade 6.
Effect of Different External Attention of Focus Instruction on Learning of Golf Putting Skill
Authors: Shafizadeh Mohsen , McMorri Terry , Sproule John
Published: November 2011

The effect of different sources of external attentional focus on learning a motor skill was assessed in the present study. 30 students (12 men, 18 women) participated voluntarily and were divided, according to type of external focus, into target, club swing, and target-club swing groups. The task was a golf putting skill. The target focus group attended to the target (hole), the club swing focus group attended to the execution of the club's swing, and the target-club swing focus group attended to both. All participants performed 50 trials of the putting skill in the acquisition phase and 10 trials in the 24-hr. delayed retention phase. The dependent variable was the error in the putting skill measured as the distance from the hole to the ball after each strike. Results showed the target-club swing focus group had better scores in the acquisition and retention phases than the other groups. It was concluded that external focus instruction helped the learners to integrate target cue with action cue and is more effective in skill learning than other external-focus instructions. These results support the claims of ecological psychology theorists concerning the effects of external focus of attention.
Effect of Body Mass Index on Affect at Intensities Spanning the Ventilatory Threshold
Authors: da Silva Sergio G. , Elsangedy Hassan M. , Krinski Kleverton , de Campos Wagner , Buzzachera Cosme F. , Krause Maressa P. , Goss Fredric L. , Robertson Robert J.
Published: November 2011

The aim of this study was to compare acute affective responses at exercise intensities based on the ventilatory threshold between normal weight, overweight, and obese women. 66 sedentary women (22 in each Body Mass Index group) performed a maximal graded treadmill test to measure their maximal oxygen uptake and ventilatory thresholds. Affective valence was compared at intensities spanning the ventilatory threshold (below, at, and above threshold). Affective valence below ventilatory threshold did not differ among the Body Mass Index groups. The obese group had a lower affective response at ventilatory threshold and above ventilatory threshold than the normal weight and overweight groups; the latter two groups did not differ. The obese group had a lower affective response than the normal and overweight groups, which corresponds to a less pleasant experience. Exercise prescriptions for obese subjects targeting intensities below ventilatory threshold can provide a more pleasant experience and may facilitate exercise adherence.
Relation between Physical Activity and Academic Performance in 3rd-Year Secondary Education Students
Authors: Morales José , Gomis Manuel , Pellicer-Chenoll Maite , García-Massó Xavier , Gómez Ana , González Luis-Millán
Published: November 2011

The main aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the amount of physical activity and academic performance in 3rd-year secondary education students. The sample was taken from three secondary schools in the area of Barcelona. 284 students (158 girls, 126 boys) with an average age of 14.7 yr. participated. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used by students to self-report their amount of physical activity. Students' academic records were obtained for comparisons. Results showed that there was a linear relationship between academic performance and physical activity; nevertheless, there was a trend to stronger correlation when modeling the relationship between these variables with a quadratic equation. Further research should focus on whether academic performance and physical activity might be better explained with a second-order equation.
Self-Reported Experience of Bullying of Students Who Stutter: Relations with Life Satisfaction, Life Orientation, and Self-Esteem
Authors: Blood Gordon W. , Blood Ingrid M. , Tramontana G. Michael , Sylvia Anna J. , Boyle Michael P. , Motzko Gina R.
Published: November 2011

Self-reported self-esteem, life orientation, satisfaction with life, and bullying were examined in relation to victimization experiences among 54 students who stuttered and 54 students who did not stutter. Those who stuttered reported greater, i.e., clinically significant, victimization (44.4%) than students who did not stutter (9.2%). Significant differences were found between means for self-esteem and life orientation, with students who stuttered reporting lower self-esteem and less optimistic life orientation than those who did not stutter. In both groups of students, high victimization scores had statistically significant negative correlations with optimistic life orientation, high self-esteem, and high satisfaction with life scores. Given the increased likelihood of students who stuttered being bullied, the negative relation of adjustment variables and bullying, and the potentially negative long-term effects of bullying, increased vigilance and early intervention are discussed.
The Action-Sentence Compatibility Effect in Japanese Sentences
Authors: Awazu Shunji
Published: November 2011

The action-sentence compatibility effect (ACE) is a phenomenon in which a reader's response to a sentence is made faster when there is congruity between the action described in the sentence and the action that makes up the response. Previous studies showed the ACE occurs in action-related sentences in several languages. However, all these were SVO (verb-object) languages, in which verbs are placed before object nouns; this order is reversed in SOV languages. Moreover, those studies investigated hand responses. This study assessed the existence of the ACE in Japanese, an SOV language, and in foot responses. 24 female participants judged the sensibility of Japanese sentences that described actions and responded with either their foot or hand as an effector. Reaction times were significantly faster when there was congruity between the effector described in the sentences and the effector actually used for the response. However, sentence dependency was also found in the foot responses.
Genetic diversity of tufted ducks (Aythya fuligula, Anatidae) in Eastern Europe
Authors: Tubelyte Vaida , Švažas Saulius , Sruoga Aniolas , Butkauskas Dalius , Paulauskas Algimantas , Baublys Vykintas , Viksne Janis , Grishanov Gennady , Kozulin Alexander
Published: November 2011

The tufted duck (Aythya fuligula, Anatidae) is widespread in the Palaearctic across Northern Eurasia. Birds breeding in Northern and Eastern Europe are highly migratory, while populations from Western Europe are partially migratory or resident. The aim of this study is to explore genetic variation within and between ducks breeding in Latvia and migrants sampled in North West Russia and Belarus. The technique of random amplified polymorphic DNA was applied using five random primers (ol-1, ol-9-12). Genetic variability was measured for all tufted ducks investigated and for different sub-populations from various regions. Individual genetic structure and genetic variability was higher in ducks collected from Latvia. Gene diversity of amplified DNA bands in birds of Latvian origin was 24% with 80% polymorphism. Means of gene diversity and polymorphism for tufted ducks sampled in other countries varied from 12 to 14% and from 27 to 40%, respectively. A high number of unique bands characterized ducks breeding in Latvia. The oligonucleotide primers used in this study were suitable to analyze differences among tufted ducks of different origin. Possible explanations for the variation observed among the studied ducks are discussed.
Water-stable fac-{TcO3}+ Complexes – A New Field of Technetium Chemistry
Authors: Braband Henrik
Published: November 2011

The development of technetium chemistry has been lagging behind that of its heavier congener rhenium, primarily because the inherent radioactivity of all Tc isotopes has limited the number of laboratories that can study the chemistry of this fascinating element. Although technetium
is an artificial element, it is not rare. Significant amounts of the isotope 99Tc are produced every day as a fission byproduct in nuclear power plants. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the chemistry of 99Tc is essential to avoid its release into the environment.
In this article the chemistry of technetium at its highest oxidation state (+VII) is reviewed with a special focus on recent developments which make water-stable complexes of the general type [TcO3(tacn-R)]+ (tacn-R = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane or derivatives) accessible.
Complexes containing the fac-{TcO3}+ core display a unique reactivity. In analogy to [OsO4] and [RuO4], complexes containing the fac-{TcO3}+ core undergo with alkenes metal-mediated, vicinal cis-dihydroxylation
reactions (alkene-glycol interconversion) in water via a (3+2)-cycloaddition reaction. Therefore, water-stable fac-{99mTcO3}+ complexes pave the way for a new labeling strategy for radiopharmaceutical applications, based on (3+2)-cycloaddition
reactions. This new concept for the labeling of biomolecules with small [99mTcO3(tacn-R)]+-type complexes by way of a (3+2)-cycloaddition with alkenes is discussed in detail. The herein reported developments in high-valent technetium chemistry create a new
field of research with this artificial element. This demonstrates the potential of fundamental research to provide new impetus of innovation for the development of new methods for radiopharmaceutical applications.
New Catalytic Asymmetric Strategies to Access Chiral Aldehydes
Authors: Mazet Clément
Published: November 2011

The present article describes the recent catalytic asymmetric methods developed in our group to access enantioenriched chiral aldehydes. We are generally aiming at developing complementary strategies based on either homogeneous organometallic catalysts or amino-catalysts and sometimes
on a combination of both. Recent successes comprise a perfectly redox-economical iridium-catalyzed asymmetric isomerization of primary allylic alcohols under very mild conditions and the development of a transition metal-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov asymmetric hydroboration of 1,1-disubstituted
olefins. The developments of these two processes along with preliminary mechanistic investigations are presented herein.
Coupling of a Microfluidic Mixer to a Fourier-transform Infrared Spectrometer for Protein-Conformation Studies
Authors: Prim Denis , Crelier Simon , Segura Jean-Manuel
Published: November 2011

The biological properties of a protein critically depend on its conformation, which can vary as a result of changes in conditions such as pH or following the addition of various substances. Being able to reliably assess the quality of protein structures under various conditions is therefore
of crucial importance. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy of the Amide I band of proteins is a powerful method for the determination of protein conformations and further allows the analysis of continuously flowing solutions of the target molecule. Here, a commercial Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer
was coupled to a microfluidic mixer to allow the on-line monitoring of protein conformation under varying conditions. The validity of the concept was demonstrated by continuously recording the variations of the IR spectrum of poly-L-lysine resulting from repetitive, pH-induced conformational
changes.