bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatty Acid Composition and Cholesterol Content of Some Economic Marine Fish in Turkish Waters
Authors: KUTLU Sebahattin , BALÇIK MISIR Gülsüm , ERTEKEN Adnan
Published: August 2021

The basic concept of balanced and healthy nutrition depends on the consumption of right foods at the right amounts. The nutrient of foods is affected by variable factors such as geographical and ecological characteristics, harvest time, processing and transportation, storage, and consumption conditions. High qualified instrumental analyses techniques should be done while the determination of the nutrient levels. Because, the quality of results of the analysis are the most important criterion in creating food composition tables, the database and data sets. In this study, the basic nutrient composition of some economic marine fish was determined. For this, fish were collected from the Black Sea and the Marmara Sea was composites formed from the fish flesh separately for each region. Then, moisture, ash, fat, protein, fatty acids composition, and cholesterol levels were examined with the composites. While the average values were obtained according to the results of the analysis, differences among regions were examined. While the fat content in anchovy, bluefish, bonito, and barbatus is above %10 g/100g, in whiting was approximate %1. Average EPA and DHA values in anchovy are %15,86 and %17,01 respectively. The highest cholesterol was obtained in whiting as around 77 mg/100g.
Evolution of Flexible Modular Electric Vehicle Platforms among Automotive Industry and its Influence on Battery Integration
Authors: Ganesh S. , Venkatesan S.
Published: August 2021

The recent increase in electric vehicle (EV) growth influencing the need for dedicated EV platform development work among vehicle manufacturers. The EV Platform is an aggregation of sheet metal components, battery pack and electric powertrain components. The platform architecture influences design, development and integration of battery pack into vehicle and the lead time for new product development and Time to Market (TTM). This article discusses the evolution of conventional Body in White (BIW) to flexible modular skateboard platforms in EV segments and how it influences the battery pack integration. It discusses the benefits and challenges in the platform workstream and how automakers are preparing for a shift from conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) derivative platform to native EV platform to take advantages in policy decisions and scale benefits on the overall EV ecosystem.
Virologic suppression and associated factors in HIV infected Ugandan female sex workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Owachi Darius , Anguzu Godwin , Kigozi Joanita , Cox Janneke , Castelnuovo Barbara , Semitala Fred , Meya David
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Key populations have disproportionately higher HIV prevalence rates than the general population.

Objective: To determine the level of virologic suppression and associated factors in female Commercial Sex Workers (CSW) who completed six months of ART and compare with the female general population (GP).

Methods: Clinical records of CSW and GPs who initiated ART between December 2014 to December 2016 from seven urban clinics were analyzed to determine virologic suppression (viral load < 1000 copies/ml) and associated factors.

Results: We identified 218 CSW and 182 female GPs. CSW had median age of 28 (IQR 25-31) vs 31 (IQR 26-37); median baseline CD4 446 (IQR 308-696) vs 352 (IQR 164–493) cells/microL; and optimal ART adherence levels at 70.6% vs 92.8% respectively, compared to GP. Virologic suppression in CSW and GPs was 85.7% and 89.6% respectively, P=0.28. Overall virologic suppression in CSW was 55% while Retention in care after 6 months of ART was 77.5%. Immediate ART initiation (<2weeks) and tuberculosis independently predicted virologic suppression in CSW with adjusted odds ratios 0.07 (95% C.I. 0.01-0.55, P=0.01) and 0.09 (95% C.I. 0.01-0.96, P=0.046) respectively.

Conclusion: Virologic suppression in both groups is similar, however, intensified follow-up is needed to improve treatment outcomes.

Keywoeds: HIV infected Ugandans; female sex workers.
The threat of persistent bacteria and fungi contamination in tuberculosis sputum cultures
Authors: Muzanyi Grace , Peace Aber , Wamuntu Bonny , Joseph Akol , Nassali Joanita
Published: August 2021

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) sputum culture contaminants make it difficult to obtain pure TB isolates.We aimed to study and identify persistent TB sputum culture contaminants post the standard laboratory pre-culture sample decontamination techniques. Methods: This was a longitudinal study of TB sputum culture contamination for a cohort of TB patients on standard treatment at: baseline, during TB treatment and post TB treatment. Sputum samples were decontaminated with 1.5%NaOH and neutralized using 6.8 Phosphate buffer solution.Sputum was then inoculated into MGIT (mycobactrial growth indicator tube) supplemented with 0.8ml PANTA. A drop of each positive MGIT culture was sub cultured onto blood agar and incu- bated for 48 hours at 35 -37OC.Any growth was identified using growth characteristics and colony morphology. Results: From October 2017 through May 2019;we collected 8645 sputum samples of which 8624(99.8%) were eligible and inoculated into MGIT where 2444(28.3%)samples were TB culture positive and 255(10.4%)were positive for contam- inants:237 none-tuberculosis bacteria, 12 fungi and 6 mixed(none-tuberculous bacteria+fungi).There was no statistically significant difference between none tuberculosis bacteria and fungi in the treatment (OR=1.4,95%CI:0.26–7.47,p=0.690) and the post treatment TB phases(OR=2.02,95%CI:0.38–10.79,p=0.411)Vs baseline. Conclusion: None-tuberculous bacteria and fungi dominate the plethora of TB sputum culture contamination and persist beyond the standard laboratory pre-culture decontamination algorithm.

Keywords: Bacteria; Fungi; Inoculation; PANTA (Polymyxin B; Amphotericin B; Nalidixic acid; Trimethoprim; Azlocillin).
Co-existence of NDM-1 and OXA-48 genes in Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
Authors: Ahmed El-Domany Ramadan , El-Banna Tarek , Sonbol Fatma , Hamed Abu-Sayedahmed Samar
Published: August 2021

Background: The noteworthy spread of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CR-KP) isolates represents a significant safety threat.

Objective: Determination of the carbapenemase genes incidence among CR-KP clinical isolates in Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.

Methods: A total of 230 K. pneumoniae isolates were recovered from four hospitals in Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. Susceptibility testing was conducted using Kirby-Bauer method and automated-Vitek2 system. CR-KP isolates were tested using modified Hodge test (MHT) and combined disk synergy test. PCR and DNA sequencing were conducted for CR-KP isolates to rec- ognize the included carbapenemase-genes.

Results: Out of 230 K. pneumoniae isolates, 50 isolates presented resistance to carbapenem (meropenem). All 50 CR-KP iso- lates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Genes like blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-48 were the only detected genes among CR-KP with an incidence of 70.0% and 52.0%, respectively. Up to 74.0% of the tested isolates carried at least one of the two record- ed genes, among them 48.0% co-harbored both blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-48 genes. The accession-numbers of sequenced blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-48 genes were MG594615 and MG594616, respectively.

Conclusion: This study reported a high incidence of MDR profile with the emergence of blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-48 genes co-existence in CR-KP isolates in Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. Hence, more restrictions should be applied against the spread of such serious pathogens.

Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae; Egypt; carbapenem resistance; MDR; PCR; blaNDM-1; blaOXA-48; sequencing.
Prediction of prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Rwanda using the metropolis-hasting sampling
Authors: Dukunde Angelique , Marie Ntaganda Jean , Kasozi Juma , Nzabanita Joseph
Published: August 2021

In this work, we predict the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among adult Rwandan people. We used the Metropolis-Hasting method that involved calculating the metropolis ratio. The data are those reported by World Health Organiation in 2015. Considering Suffering from diabetes, Overweight, Obesity, Dead and other subject as states of mathematical model, the transition matrix whose elements are probabilities is generated using Metropolis-Hasting sampling. The numerical results show that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes increases from 2.8% in 2015 to reach 12.65% in 2020 and to 22.59% in 2025. Therefore, this indicates the urgent need of prevention by Rwandan health decision makers who have to play their crucial role in encouraging for example physical activity, regular checkups and sensitization of the masses.

Keywords: Non communicable diseases; type 2 diabetes; Markov Chain Monte Carlo method; Metropolis-Hasting method; Transition probabilities.rds:
Glycemic index values of traditional Kenyan foods: the missing link in the effectiveness of dietary approach in the prevention and management of diabetes mellitus in Kenya
Authors: Ebere Rebecca , Imungi Jasper , Kimani Violet
Published: August 2021

Background: Glycemic index (GI) measures postprandial blood sugar after consumption of carbohydrate-rich foodstuff. Kenya is yet to fully embrace this concept in prevention and management of diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To review and tabulate GIs of locally consumed foods in order to improve dietary management of diabetes mellitus.

Methodology: A literature search was conducted using Google scholar and PubMed databases which identified 7 articles on glycemic index values of Kenyan foods published between 2002 and 2020. Two articles failed to meet the inclusion criteria and five proceeded for review. Key search words used included GI, glycemic load and glycemic response combined with Kenya. The data was reported depending on whether the testing involved healthy individuals or patients suffering from diabetes mellitus.

Results: Nine individual foods and 7 mixed meals were identified. Low GI foods included beans and whole maize ugali consumed alongside cowpea leaves. High GI foods included whole maize ugali eaten with beef, boiled rice, boiled cassava and cassava-sorghum ugali eaten with silver fish.

Conclusion: Proper meal mixing is important in diabetes management. Cowpea leaves and beans possess GI lowering po- tential. This information can be used to improve guidance on food choices for diabetes patients.

Keywords: Glycemic index; glycemic load and glycemic response; Kenya.
Evaluation of three different laboratory methods to detect preformed human leukocyte antigen antibodies in a South African kidney transplant population
Authors: Kwofie Luyanda , Anderson Ronald , Steel Helen , Meyer WA Pieter
Published: August 2021

Background: Anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies (anti-HLA) play a crucial role in graft. Detection of anti-HLA, both pre- and post-transplant is a crucial investigation in clinical organ transplantation.

Objectives: Three methodologies for the detection of lymphocytotoxic antibodies were compared to establish which of these is best suited to optimise pre-transplant donor-recipient matching.

Methods: Serum samples from 15 renal transplant patients were tested for the presence of anti-HLA by i) cytotoxic-de- pendent cross-match (CDCXM), ii) flow cytometric cross-match (FCXM) and iii) Luminex-based donor specific antibody cross-match (DSAXM) method, Confirmatory tests for the presence of preformed HLA antibodies were tested using Lu- minex methodology.

Results: Two (13%) of the 15 patients had positive HLA Class I antibodies (Ab) using all 3 methods. An additional 2 HLA Class I Ab were identified with FCXM/CDCXM. DSAXM identified 1 HLA Class I positive, not indicated by CDCXM/ FCXM. High HLA Class II positivity (40%), identified by CDCXM, while DSAXM and FCXM identified two and one patients, respectively. CDCXM produced 4 false-positive results confirmed by lymphocyte single antigen (LSA) assay.

Conclusions: The DSAXM method appears to add value in pre-transplantation screening to identify pre-sensitised patients that may not reject the donor graft due to the absence of donor-specific antibodies.

Keywords: Preformed human leukocyte; antigen antibodies; kidney transplant; population; South Africa.
Pattern and risk factors for childhood injuries in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Moshiro Robert , F Furia Francis , Massawe Augustine , John Mmbaga Elia
Published: August 2021

Background: Injuries contribute to morbidity and mortality in children. This study was carried out to describe the pattern of childhood injuries and associated risk factors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methods: This case control study was conducted in six selected health facilities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data were col- lected using a structured questionnaire. Cases and controls were children below 18 years who had suffered injuries and those without injury associated condition respectively.

Results: A total of 492 cases and 492 controls were included in the study, falls (32%), burns (26%), Road Traffic Injuries (14%) and cuts (10%) were the major types of injuries identified. Younger parents/guardians {Adjusted odds ratio (AOR)= 1.4; 95% CI: 1.4 -3.6}, more than six people in the same house (AOR= 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.6), more than three children in the house {AOR= 1.4; 95% CI (1.0-2.0)}, absence of parent/guardian at time of injury occurrence (AOR= 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.3), middle socio-economic (AOR=1.6; 95%CI: 1.1-2.4) and low socio-economic status (AOR= 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.1) were independent risk factors for childhood injury.

Conclusion: Falls, burns and road traffic injuries were the main injury types in this study. Inadequate supervision, over- crowding, lower socio-economic status and low maternal age were significant risk factors for childhood injuries.

Keywords: Childhood injuries; risk factors; Dar es Salaam; Tanzania.
A descriptive prospective study of sports medicine practices for athletes in Uganda
Authors: K Lubega Samuel , Makubuya Timothy , Muwonge Haruna , Lambert Mike
Published: August 2021

Background: Many international sporting organizations have recommended practices to reduce the risk of injury. These practices include screening for injury, having appropriate emergency medical care, and protocols for managing injury before return-to-play. The extent of the uptake of these practices in a developing country such as Uganda, is unknown.

Methodology: Using a descriptive case study approach, this investigation focused on a sample of injured athletes (n = 75) in Uganda from four main sports associations (football, athletics, basketball and rugby). The data were collected through observations and interviews after the injury. Using a best medical practice framework the phases of emergency, intermediate, rehabilitative, and return-to-sports participation were described.

Result: Nine conditions/types of injury were included. The results revealed a lack of specific pre-season screening or re- turn-to-play readiness for all the injured athletes. Further, there was a lack of application of best practice principles for most of the injury types. For athletes who received medical care, the results show inconsistencies and inadequacies from the acute stage of the injury to return-to-sports participation.

Conclusion: This study identified barriers such as up-to-date knowledge among the sports resource providers; the gaps for appropriate and adequate specific facilities for managing injured athletes, and policies to mandate care of injured athletes. These barriers detract from applying best medical practices.

Keywords: Injuries; medical; Uganda; emergency; intermediate; rehabilitation; return-to-sports.
Effects of black tea consumption and caffeine intake on depression risk in black tea consumers
Authors: Asil Esma , Volkan Yılmaz Mustafa , Yardimci Hulya
Published: August 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to compare black tea consumption and caffeine intake with depression status.

Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 491 adults (M:169, F:322). The average daily caffeine intake of individuals was calculated using the amounts of caffeinated beverages they consumed daily and the caffeine contents of these beverages. The participants’ depression status was determined using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). All of the research data were evaluated using STATA.

Results: According to BDI scores, 30.1% of participants had depression. Black tea was consumed by all of the partici- pants and also had the highest consumption level of 620.1±90.4mL and the mean caffeine intake of the participants was 629.5±418.8 mg. Multivariate regression analyses showed that consuming more than 1 cup was protective against depression up to 4 cups. Moreover, a 450-600 mg caffeine intake also reduces the risk of depression than lower or higher intake levels.

Conclusion: Our study suggests that black tea consumption up to 4 cups and caffeine intake between 450-600 mg can help protect against depression. Further studies are needed to better understand the protective effects of black tea and caffeine on depression.

Keywords: Caffeine; black tea; beck depression inventory; depression.
Utilization and uptake of the UpToDate clinical decision support tool at the Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS), Uganda
Authors: Annet Kinengyere Alison , Rosenberg Julie , Pickard Olivia , Kamya Moses
Published: August 2021

Background: The use of point-of-care, evidence-based tools is becoming increasingly popular. They can provide easy-to- use, high-quality information which is regularly updated and has been shown to improve clinical outcomes. Integrating such tools into clinical practice is an important component of improving the quality of health care. However, because such tools are rarely used in resource-limited settings, there is limited research on uptake especially among medical students.

Objective: This paper explores the uptake of one such tool, Up-To-Date, when provided free of cost at a medical school in Africa.

Methods: In partnership with the Better Evidence at Ariadne Labs free access to UpToDate was granted through the MakCHS IP address. On-site librarians facilitated training sessions and spread awareness of the tool. Usage data was aggre- gated, based on log ins and content views, presented and analyzed using Excel tables and graphs.

Results: The data shows evidence of meaningful usage, with 43,043 log ins and 15,591 registrations between August 2019 and August 2020. The most common topics viewed were in obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, drug information, and infectious diseases. Access occurred mainly through the mobile phone app.

Conclusion: Findings show usage by various user categories, but with inconsistent uptake and low usage. Librarians can draw upon these results to encourage institutions to support uptake of point-of-care tools in clinical practice.

Keywords: UpToDate clinical decision support tool; Makerere University College of Health Sciences; Uganda.
Effects of call reminders, short message services (SMS) reminders, and SMS immunization facts on childhood routine vaccination timing and completion in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Ibraheem Rasheedat , Akintola Moshood , Abdulkadir Mohammed , Ameen Hafsat , Bolarinwa Oladimeji , Adeboye Muhammed
Published: August 2021

Background: Reminders via mobile devices deployed as short message services (SMS) or calls have been identified to be a useful strategy in improving routine immunization uptake in several countries.

Objective: To identify the timeliness of appointments with reminders (calls or SMS), SMS health education and the routine care, and the vaccination completion rates in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Method: Mother-infant pairs presenting for the first vaccination appointment were randomized into four (three inter- ventions, one control) groups, each consisting of 140 participants. Intervention groups were reminders via calls (A), SMS reminders (B), immunization fact SMS messages (C) and controls on usual care (D). Reminders were made a day before the appointment while SMS immunization facts were sent at five weeks, nine weeks and eight months. Appropriate timing was defined as the scheduled visit ±3 days.

Results: The immunization completion rates after the nine months’ visit were 99.2%, 99.3%, 97% and 90.4% for Groups A, B, C and D respectively. Compared with controls, Group A had the highest odds [AOR 8.78 (6.10, 12.63)] of presenting at an appropriate time, followed by Group B [AOR 2.56 (1.96, 3.35)], then Group C [AOR 2.44 (1.87, 3.18)].

Conclusion: Reminders/SMS immunization facts improve vaccination completion rates.

Keywords: Call reminders; short message services (SMS) reminders; SMS immunization; vaccination timing; Nigeria.
Seasonality in hyperglycemic emergencies in a Health Facility in Sub-Saharan Africa: The roles of geographic location, infection, and knowledge of diabetes mellitus status
Authors: Chijioke Onyegbutulem Henry , Nwanne Ogochukwu , Olorunfemi David Samuel , Chinenye Sunny
Published: August 2021

Hyperglycemic emergencies (HEs) are acute complications of diabetes mellitus and they carry high morbidity and mortality. Studies have reported a seasonal pattern in the frequency of occurrence of both types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and even Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. No such association has been suggested for HEs. The study was conducted at the Asokoro District Hospital, Located in Abuja, Nigeria to examine a seasonal pattern in the frequency of hyperglycemic emergencies. The initial observation of an obvious fluctuation in the number of admitted cases of hyperglycemic emergencies motivated this prospective study which ran for a period of six years. It involved collecting the relevant information using a questionnaire from all HEs patients admitted to the medical ward from the first of January, 2008 to the 31st of December, 2013. Required investigations were done. The precipitating factors for HEs were looked for. The number of cases per month was noted for each year. The Statistical package used for analysis was STATA version 11. Round the year Abuja Climatic changes were monitored on the website of the Nigerian Meteorological station. Four hundred and fifty-one (451) patients with hyperglycemic emergency were enrolled for this study. Most of the patients, (55%), were in the middle-age bracket. Fifty-six per cent (56%), were not previously known to be living with diabetes mellitus. Infections, particularly of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracks, were the commonest precipitating factors. Variation in the frequency of HEs was observed, with two peaks: one in April and a smaller peak in December. There is seasonal variation in the frequency of presentation of Hyperglycemic emergencies. This may have been influenced by exogenous factors such as geographic location, infection, and the fact that most of the patients never knew they had diabetes mellitus.
Book Review
Authors: Dawka Sushil
Published: August 2021

Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation: Surgery and Surgical Subspecialties, by Dimitrios Stefanidis, James R. Korndorffer Jr., Robert Sweet (Eds.), Publisher: Springer Nature, Year 2019, 401 pages
Economic realities and management systems in aquaculture production
Authors: Garba A.A.
Published: August 2021

This study reviewed and unveiled the economic sizes and managing systems in aquaculture production. The focus had been on developing new technologies and management systems in aquaculture production that can produce fish food on an economically competitive basis while still maintaining environmental health. The technique of recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) had been discussed. Economic issues such as: adequately available quality water, economic sizes, management issues, financial capabilities, various investment options, species selection, cost of production, capitalization cost of unit process, cost of pumping and bio-filtration, gas stripping and pH control, solid wastes removal, economically competitive scale, labor requirements as wellas predicted cost of production. The economic comparison of broilers and catfish production were evaluated. Also, challenges against the effective aquaculture technological application and the prospects to economic realities and management systems in aquaculture production were also highlighted. It could be concluded that economic realities and management of RAS is the soft and live wire in aquacultural development especially in developing countries like Nigeria. It is therefore, recommended that fish farmers need to engage and be trained on the use of this new fish production technology for increase production and economy benefits.
SARS-COV-2 invasion in lakes: A rare transferability of the dreaded virus by nature or manmade
Authors: Odigie J.O. , Moses-Otutu I.M. , Adegboye A.A. , Odigie E.B.
Published: August 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible and pathogenic viral infection. Its global spread has a profound effect on the lives of millions of people resulting to worldwide economic disruptions and increased death tolls. This has created fears and concerns within the health sector globally. Thus, understanding the mode of transmissions, aetiology, pathogenesis, environmental conditions and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 will help in curbing and militating against further spread of the virus. It has also become imperative to look out for petty openings through which this virus may invade man's territories by nature or man-made via negligence. There is need for regular water treatment to prevent further spread that may undoubtedly predispose humans to COVID-19 in the long run as lakes often serve as the only source of drinkable water in rural communities particularly in developing countries. It is against this backdrop that we intended to investigate possible means of SARS-CoV-2 invasion in water bodies in support of the global fight against COVID-19 with a particular focus on lakes. Therefore, this article emphasizes on possible transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 from lakes and provided remedies in support of the views of some researchers that appeared to be inconclusive.
Antioxidant Potential of Crude Powder, Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of Fonio Millet (Digitaria exilis) Grains
Authors: Omaji G.O. , Osibemhe M. , Orji B.O. , Ilouno L.E. , Abdulrahman B.O. , Ajadi A.O.
Published: August 2021

This study evaluated the antioxidant potential along with total phenolic content, total flavonoid content of the crude powder, methanol and aqueous extracts of Digitaria exilis grains. The antioxidant activities of the crude powder and extracts were determined by measuring the reducing ability and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. The results showed that methanol extracts exhibited the highest total phenolic content (57.96 ± 6.84 mg gallic acid equivalence/g dried weight) and total flavonoid content (38.75 ± 9.76 mg quercetin equivalence/g dried weight) compared to the crude powder and aqueous extracts. A concentration- dependent increase in the reducing ability and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity was observed in all the samples. The results were comparable to ascorbic acid, the standard antioxidant used. These results indicate that Digitaria exilis grains have antioxidant activity and may account for the use of the grains in traditional systems of medicine.
Morphological diversity in growth characteristics of Jatropha curcas l. accessions from South- West Nigeria
Authors: Adebusuyi G.A. , Oyedeji O.F. , Alaje V.I. , Sowunmi I.L. , Dunmade Y.A.
Published: August 2021

Jatropha curcas is a multi-purpose tree with significant economic importance that has not been fully exploited due to lack of adequate breeding programme in Nigeria. Consequently upon this, 31 accessions collected from 4 states in Southwestern Nigeria were assessed for their morphological diversity in order to establish this as a bed rock for further breeding programmes. Data were collected on plant height, numbers of leaves and collar diameter; these were subjected to analysis of variance, principal component analysis and cluster analysis using Minitab version 17. The results showed significant differences (p≤0.05) among the 31 accessions assessed. Principal component analysis indicated that the first three axes contributed 97.8% of the total variation observed. The first axis accounted for 68% of the total variation while the second and third axes accounted for 24.7% and 5.1%, respectively, of the total variation recorded. Cluster analysis as well as the dendrogram revealed three distinct clusters of genetic similarities and differences. High genetic similarities were observed among accessions collected from the different states whereas some accessions collected from similar regions had low genetic similarities. Cluster 1 consisted of 21 genotypes with their characters falli ng below the grand mean. Cluster 2 had nine genotypes, they produced the highest values for all the characters assessed. Cluster 3 with only one genotype has its values below the ground mean. Members of cluster 2 have proven to be superior. The existence of morphological diversity offers potential for selection among the accessions in the breeding of J. curcas from southwestern Nigeria.
Isolation and Identification of Phenol-Degrading Bacteria from Oil-Contaminated Sites
Authors: Usman Z.M. , Said M.A. , Shehu F.A. , Abdussalam K. , Abdulrazak T.M. , Abdullahi N.
Published: August 2021

This work is aimed at isolating and identifying phenol-degrading bacteria from oil-contaminated sites. Five soil samples from three auto-mechanic workshops within Katsina metropolis were collected. The samples were analyzed by selective enrichment technique, which resulted in the isolation of four bacterial species. The species were further subjected to the Vitek 2 compact microbiological system analysis. Cupriavidus pauculus, Pontoea spp, Proteus mirabilis 1 and Proteus mirabilis 2 were identified. Result from the present study showed that the bacteria could utilize phenol as their carbon source. Proteus mirabilis 1 and Proteus mirabilis 2 showed lower phenol degradation potential, under similar conditions. Cupriavidus pauculus and Pontoea sp. showed significant increases (p<0.05) in their optical densities. The optical density increment is strongly correlated with increase in colony forming units of the bacteria. This study further showed that the isolates could tolerate high phenol concentrations and may serve as strong putative isolates in bioremediation of phenol-contaminated sites.
Nutrient digestibility, visceral organ changes and carcass yield of rabbits fed with diets containing graded levels of rumen filtrate-fermented rice offal
Authors: Kpehe A.T. , Tuleun C.D. , Kaankuka F.G.
Published: August 2021

A total of twenty-five crossbred rabbit bucks with a mean weight of 628.73g were utilized to investigate their nutrient digestibility, visceral organ changes, and carcass yield when fed with diets containing graded levels of rumen filtrate-fermented rice offal (FRO) for 10 weeks. Five rabbits were grouped into five treatments with each rabbit serving as a replicate in a completely randomized design experiment. The control group was fed with a diet containing no rumen filtrate fermented-rice offal meal while the other four groups were fed with diets in which the FRO replaced the maize at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. The results of the analyzed nutrient composition and energy content of the experimental diets showed no trend across the treatments except for crude protein and metabolizable energy whose values appeared to increase across treatments as the levels of FRO increased from 0% to 20%. Dry Matter (DM), Crude Fiber (CF), Ether Extract (EE) and Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) digestibility values were affected by the inclusion level of the fermented rice offal in the diets of the rabbits, except Crude Protein (CP). Crude fiber values appeared to increase across the treatments as the levels of FRO increased from 0% to 20%. Dressed weight showed significantly (p<0.05) higher values for rabbits fed with diets containing 20% FRO and prime cuts were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by treatments. The result of visceral organ and GIT weights showed treatment effect (p<0.05), except fasted live weights, spleen, and visceral fats. Of the visceral organ lengths, only the esophagus and stomach were similar (p>0.05) across treatment groups. It was therefore concluded that the digestibility of nutrients was not adversely affected; such that 20% inclusion of rumen filtrate-fermented rice offal showed no modification on visceral organ changes and a better carcass yield observed in rabbits on the diets. It was suggested that up to 20% rumen filtrate-fermented rice offal meal can be integrated into rabbit diets without impairing their digestibility, visceral organ characteristics, and carcass yield.
Effects of Environmental factors on the Growth and Proliferation of Yeasts
Authors: Ezaka E. , Nchedo O. , Ugbo E.N. , Adediran A.B. , Ayanda O.E.
Published: August 2021

Yeast is one of the organisms that grow and survive in diverse conditions. The influence of environmental factors on its growth and proliferation were evaluated. The yeast used for the study was isolated from honey using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and pour plate methods. The effects of temperature, pH and ultraviolet radiation on the growth of Rhodotorula, Debaryomyces, Zygosaccharomyces and Candida species were determined using standard methods. The growths of all the yeast isolates were greatly affected at 80oC.  Rhodotorulla species showed least growth at 50oC, but optimal growth was recorded at 30oC after 96 h of incubation. A similar trend was observed in Debaromyces species. Zygosaccharomyces species recorded high reduction in growth at 60oC after 96 h of incubation, though there were no significant differences in the growths of the isolates at 60oC and 80oC. Candida species recorded the least effect of temperature at 30oC and highest at 60oC and 80oC after 96 h of incubation. The results of the effect of pH on growth of the yeasts showed that  Rhodotorula and Zygosaccharomyces had optimum growth at pH of 5 and 4 respectively. All the isolates showed increase in growth with increase in incubation time. Exposure of the isolates to UV-rays negatively affected the growths of the isolates. The growths of the yeasts decreased with increase in exposure time. This study showed that yeast can survive adverse temperature and pH and can as well survive UV-ray exposure.
Effects of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) as a Live mulch on weed management in maize cropping
Authors: Woghiren A.I. , Awodoyin R. O., , Antiabong C.I. , Ngonadi E.N. , Jeminiwa O.R. , Olaoti-Laaro S.O.
Published: August 2021

Weed interference is a major constraint in maize cultivation. Living mulch as an alternative weed control strategy has been established to be environmentally safe but has not been widely used in maize cultivation. The aim of this research was to evaluate the weed management attributes of Vigna unguiculata in maize cropping. A field study was carried out in the crop garden of the Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The treatments were maize interplanted with Cowpea at 20,000 (M1), 30,000 (M2), 40,000 (M3) plants/hectare, hoe weeding (M4), weedy check (M5) and Primextra-2.5 L/ha (M6). The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design, each replicated four times. Weed Dry Weight (WDW) and Weed Control Efficiency–WCE (%) were calculated following standardized methods. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. The treatment plots were dominated by weed species in the Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae families. The M5 accounted for the highest WDW (126.30 g). The WCE was highest in M3 (94.8%) and least in M5 (66.4%). Maize and cowpea interplant at 40,000 plants/hectare suppressed weed. Hence, cowpea is an ideal weed suppressant and can be inter-planted as a cover crop in maize cropping systems.
Changes in Adsorption Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Organic Pollutants Following Pyrolytic Treatment of Petroleum-Contaminated Dredged Sediment
Authors: Jang Yoonmi , Choi Yongju , Kim Kibeum
Published: August 2021

Objectives : This study investigated the changes in adsorption characteristics of dredged sediment for heavy metals and organic pollutants after petroleum contamination followed by pyrolytic treatment.Methods : Pyrolytic treatment was conducted at two heating temperatures, 300℃ and 500℃, for 30 min using muffle furnace. Sediment spiked with No. 6 Fuel Oil at initial total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations of 5,000-50,000 mg/kg was used. Sorption experiments were conducted for heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Hg, As, Cr), phenanthrene and bisphenol A using clean sediment (sediment before the petroleum spiking) and pyrolyzed sediment.Results and Discussion : Pyrolytic treatment at 500℃ showed excellent TPH removal efficiency, resulting in the residual concentration of less than 50 mg/kg for all initial TPH contamination levels. High efficiencies (> 98%) were observed for the sorptive removal of Cu, Zn and Pb in the aqueous phase for both the two sediments. The removal efficiencies of Ni and Cd from the aqueous phase using pyrolyzed sediment were 31% and 24% lower than those using clean sediment, respectively, due to the reduced oxygen-containing functional group content and specific surface area after the pyrolytic treatment. The sediment-water distribution coefficient (Kd) and sediment organic carbon-water distribution coefficient (Koc) values of bisphenol A and phenanthrene in pyrolyzed sediment were considerably higher than in clean sediment due to the high organic compound sorption affinity exhibited by carbonaceous matter that was generated during the pyrolytic sediment treatment.Conclusions : The capability of pyrolytic treatment of dredged sediment to notably improve its organic compound sorption capacity may be exploited for beneficial use of the treatment product. The product may be applied as fill and backfill, soil amendment, or in-situ sediment capping materials in highly industrialized areas where mitigation measures for organic contaminant migration are necessary.
Removal of Heavy Metals (Fe, Mn and Cd) from Aqueous Solutions by Natural Zeolite and FeS Media
Authors: Choi Sung-kyu , Kim Min-jun , Kim Tae-geon , Lee Tae-jin
Published: August 2021

Objectives : The adsorption characteristics of Fe, Cd, and Mn in aqueous solution using zeolite and FeS media were investigated by the adsorption isotherm and kinetic model analysis.Methods : The adsorption characteristics of the heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cd) were investigated using Langmuir or Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The analysis of pseudo-first or pseudo-second order reaction was also attempted to evaluate the rate limiting factor such as molecular diffusion or chemical adsorption on the absorbents.Results and discussion : The adsorption of the heavy metals on the zeolite and FeS media was more suitable for the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, representing that mono-layer absorption on the surface and no interaction between the absorbed solutes. The order of adsorption preference to zeolite was Fe > Cd > Mn, whereas the order of adsorption preference to FeS media was Cd > Fe > Mn. The adsorption kinetics of zeolite and FeS media were more suitable for pseudo-secondary reactions than for pseudo-primary reaction.Conclusions : The absorption capacity of FeS media for the heavy metals (Fe, Cd and Mn) in aqueous solution was higher than that of zeolite. The adsorption pattern was suitable for the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and has kinetic characteristic by chemisorption.
Adı Vasfiye ve Uzun Bir Gece Filmlerinde Necati Cumalı'nın Sinemasal Yorumları
Authors: TARANÇ Ragıp , TOMAK Melih
Published: August 2021

Necati Cumalı Türk edebiyatında çok önemli ve her türde eserler vermiş olan 20.yüzyılın en büyük sanatçılarından biridir. Cumalı’nın birçok eseri beyazperdeye de uyarlanmıştır. Uluslararası alanda ödül alan ilk filmi yönetmen Metin Erksan’ın Susuz Yaz (1963) ile birlikte 14 (on dört) film uyarlaması söz konusudur. Yıl sırasına göre, Boş Beşik (1952), Tütün Zamanı (1959), Susuz Yaz (1963), Boş Beşik (1969), Susuz Yaz (1973), Derya Gülü (1973), Dilâ Hanım (1977), Derya Gülü (1979), Mine (1982), Tutku (1984), Dul Bir Kadın (1985), Adı Vasfiye (1985), Uzun Bir Gece (1986), Ay Büyürken Uyuyamam (2011) adlı filmlerdir. Bu çalışmada Necati Cumalı’nın Ay Büyürken Uyumam adlı öykü kitabından sinemaya uyarlanan Adı Vasfiye (1985) ve Uzun Bir Gece (1986) filmlerini örneklem olarak belirledik. Bu filmlerin metinden uyarlama (görselleştirme) sürecini Cumalı’nın Akdenizli bakış açısı ve cinselliği özgür kadın yaratması üzerinden tartışması önemli bir unsurdur. Görsel kodlar bağlamında çözümlemeleri yönetmenler Atıf Yılmaz ve Süreyya Duru’nun sinemasal anlatı yapısı ve yönetmen tavırları incelenmiştir.
Korupsi dalam Sorotan Etika Kristen dan Implikasinya Bagi Pendidikan Anti Korupsi
Authors: Nggebu Sostenis
Published: August 2021

This article addresses the problem of corruption in Christian ethics based on the reference of God's word. Christians involved in corruption show that carrying out governmental duties is outside the control of God's word. To examine this topic more deeply, the author uses descriptive methods and literature studies. The results and conclusions of this study show that the corruptors prioritize the works of the flesh, worship material things, give in to worldly temptations, violate Christian morality, and do not glorify God in their lives. Those corrupt Christian bureaucrats who are dominated by greed and greed are not the characters expected by God, and by doing so, they lose the opportunity to be witnesses of Christ in the world. Corruption is bad behavior, so there is an opportunity for the church to pay attention to anti-corruption education for the congregation so that those who sit in government can carry out their duties and responsibilities by the demands of the Christian faith.AbstrakArtikel ini menyoroti permasalahan korupsi secara etika Kristen berdasarkan acuan firman Tuhan. Untuk mengkaji topik ini lebih mendalam, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif dan studi literatur. Hasil dan kesimpulan dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa para koruptor mengutamakan perbuatan daging, mendewakan materi, menyerah pada godaan keduniawian, melanggar moralitas Kristen dan tidak memuliakan Allah di dalam hidup mereka. Para birokrat Kristen yang korup itu dikuasai oleh sifat serakah dan tamak bukanlah karakter yang diharapkan oleh Tuhan dan dengan berbuat seperti itu mereka kehilangan kesempatan menjadi saksi Kristus di tengah dunia. Korupsi itu sebagai perilaku yang buruk maka terbuka peluang bagi gereja untuk memperhatikan pendidikan anti korupsi bagi jemaat agar mereka yang duduk dalam pemerintahan dapat menjalankan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya sesuai dengan tuntutan iman Kristen.
Media Sosial Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Bagi Generasi Z
Authors: Pujiono Andrias
Published: August 2021

This study aims to see whether social media can be used as one of the relevant learning media for Generation Z. This is driven by the fact that social media is a media that is closely related to generation Z children. In this study, researchers used the library research method. In this method, the researcher examines various relevant and reliable sources related to the characteristics and use of social media as a learning medium. From the research that has been done, it appears that social media meets the criteria as a learning medium. Service features in various social media can be used as a medium that bridges or simplifies the learning process. With social media, teachers and students can interact in a learning activity, anywhere and anytime, not limited to space and time. The use of social media is very relevant for generation Z. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah media sosial dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu media pembelajaran yang relevan bagi generasi Z. Hal tersebut didorong oleh kenyataan bahwa media sosial merupakan media yang lekat dengan anak-anak generasi Z. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan. Dalam metode tersebut, peneliti mengkaji berbagai sumber yang relevan dan tepercaya yang berhubungan dengan karakteristik dan pemanfaatan media sosial sebagai media pem-belajaran. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, terlihat bahwa media sosial memenuhi kriteria sebagai sebuah media pembelajaran. Fitur-fitur layanan yang terdapat berbagai media sosial dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media yang menjembatani atau mempermu-dah proses pembelajaran. Dengan media sosial, guru dan peserta didik dapat berin-teraksi dalam suatu kegiatan pembelajaran, di mana saja dan kapan saja, tidak terbatas pada ruang dan waktu. Pemanfaatan media sosial sangat relevan bagi generasi Z.
8 Point DIT-FFT Algorithm Using Verilog
Authors: Rani N. Geetha , Sundus Tazaeen , Vineela Munagala
Published: August 2021

The importance of Digital Signal method (DSP) algorithms has increased drastically in recent times, the two very important techniques of DSP unit the Distinct Fourier rework (DFT) and thus the fast Fourier rework (FFT). DFT is mostly utilized within the applications sort of convolution, a linear filtering etc. Another algorithmic rule to reason DFT efficiently is that the fast Fourier remodels (FFT). Fast Fourier rework processor incorporates a vital role inside the sphere of communication system like audio broadcasting and digital video etc.
The ratio of operational-search and security measures in the activities of operational units of correctional institutions of the penal system
Authors:   Vladimir Law Institute of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, AGARKOV A. V.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the topical problem of differentiating operational-search and security measures carried out by operational officers of the penal system in correctional institutions. The criteria for their differentiation are the focus on solving regime or operational tasks, the presence of grounds for conducting operational-search measures as well as the public or private nature of their implementation. The author comes to the conclusion that such a distinction is necessary in order to prevent the possible loss of evidence obtained as a result of operational-search activities in the course of criminal proceedings.
Theoretical approaches to the definition of the subject of administrative law and process
Authors:   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, NAGORNYKH R. V.
Published: August 2021

The article substantiates the conclusions that the subject of modern administrative law and process in Russia is a complex multifaceted legal phenomenon that includes various social relations. The basis of the constitutional model of the subject of modern administrative law and process is public relations in the field of protecting the rights and freedoms of the individual by limiting discretion and arbitrariness in public administration, the development of institutions of judicial and public control over the activities of public administration as well as various public relations regarding the formation of the architecture of public power, direct implementation of administrative law enforcement activities in the field of public administration, the creation and direct participation of domestic subjects of public administration in the activities of international organizations endowed with administrative powers in the field of interstate interaction and coordination, supranational administrative regulation, control in the field of protecting national and global interests in ensuring security, economic and cultural development of various states and peoples