bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efekty fiskalne wprowadzenia podatku bankowego w Polsce
Authors: Mielczarek Mikołaj
Published: August 2020

The article attempts to assess the fiscal effects of the introduction of a bank tax in Poland. From January 2016, a new public tax in Poland has been imposed on some financial institutions, including banks. Similar solutions are also found in some European Union countries. The aim of the article was to implement literature research and legal acts as well as empirical simulation. To accomplish the purpose of the article, literature research and legal acts, as well as empirical simulation were used. The simulation showed that the introduction of a bank tax gives beneficial fiscal effects for the state in the form of additional budget revenues. The construction of the bank tax provided for in Polish law was much more beneficial for the state than the adoption of a solution operating in another EU country. On the other hand, the introduction of a new tax is a rather unfavorable situation for the banking sector, because banks hitherto covered by income taxes and VAT have to bear an additional tax burden from 2016. For the banks themselves, the adoption of a solution found in one of the EU countries would be more favorable than the Polish solution.
TÜRK BELAGATİNDE HASR ÜSLUBU: MAHİYET, KEYFİYET VE İŞLEYİŞİ
Authors: ARPAÇUKURU Osman
Published: August 2020

“Kasr” ve “tahsis” isimleriyle de anılan “hasr”, belagatimizin güçlü, edebî üsluplarından biridir. Bununla beraber onu ele alan çalışmalar yok denecek kadar azdır. Bu durum, hasr üslubunun mahiyet, keyfiyet ve işleyişine dair bilgi eksikliğine yol açmıştır. Bu bilgi eksikliği, Kur’an ve Hadis gibi kutsal metinler başta olmak üzere, hasr üslubunun çokça yer aldığı yabancı dildeki metinlerin Türkçeye aktarımında önemli dil ve üslup problemlerine neden olmaktadır.
Araştırma, Türk belagatinde hasr üslubunu genişçe ele almış ve bu konudaki bilgi eksikliğini büyük ölçüde gidermiştir. Böylelikle araştırmanın, yabancı dilde hasr vurgusuyla gelmiş sözlerin Türkçeye aktarımında görülen dil ve üslup problemlerinin giderilmesine önemli katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.
Araştırmada öncelikle Osmanlı alfabesiyle yazılmış olanlar olmak üzere Türk edebiyat ve belagatinin belli başlı kitapları referans alınmıştır. Bunlarda bulunmayan konuların yazımında Arap belagatinin temel kaynaklarından istifade edilmiştir. Toplanan bilgiler belli bir sistematiğe göre yazıya geçirilmiş ve açıklama, yorum ve örneklerle geliştirilmiştir.
Niteliği ve kapsamıyla alanında ilk olması sebebiyle araştırmanın ele almadığı, teklif olarak yeni çalışmalara havale ettiği birtakım meseleler de bulunmaktadır. Hasr üslubunun Arapça kavram ve terimlerine Türkçe uygun karşılıkların bulunması, delaletleri bakımından hasrın ifade yollarının birbirlerinden farkının mümkün mertebe ortaya konması ve konunun farklı bilimsel ve metodik yöntemlerle ele alınması ve geliştirilmesi bunlardan öne çıkan bazılarıdır.
ÂLİ BEY’İN SEYYÂRELER HİKÂYESİNDE YAPI VE TOPLUMSAL İZLEK
Authors: ŞAHİN Emir Ali
Published: August 2020

ÖZET
Lâle Devri’nden başlayan Türk toplumunun yenileşme adına çektiği doğum sancıları, Sultan Abdülmecid’in emriyle Koca Mustafa Reşit Paşa tarafından 3 Kasım 1839 tarihinde Gülhane Parkı’nda okunan Tanzimat Fermanıyla, resmî ve yeni bir mecraya girer. Bu tarih, aynı zamanda Türk toplumundaki birçok değişim ve yenileşmenin büyük bir ivme kazandığı milattır. Sanatını Türk toplumunun hizmetine adayan Tanzimat aydını, öncül hedef olarak halka en kısa ve hızlı bir şekilde ulaşmayı amaçlar. Bu düşüncesini sahada, ilk dönem gazete ve tiyatroyla gerçekleştirmeye çalışır.
Diyojen başta olmak üzere Çıngıraklı Tatar ve Hayâl gazete ve dergilerinde modern mizahın ilk örnekleri kabul edilen yazılar yazan Âli Bey, Gedikpaşa’daki Osmanlı Tiyatrosu’nda da bir nevi dramaturgluk yaparak oyunculara hem sahne sanatının inceliklerini hem de çoğu Ermeni toplumundan oluşan oyunculara Türkçe diksiyon dersleri vererek, dilimizin bir sahne dili olmasına büyük katkıda bulunur.
Seyyâreler adlı eserinin ilk baskısı yazarın ölümünden kısa süre sonra 1899’da yapılır. Hacim olarak küçük, fakat muhteva olarak önemli addedilen eserde, toplumdaki değer yargılarının anlam kargaşasına ve erozyona uğrayışı özenle seçilmiş kelime ve kavramlarla, mizahî bir üslupla ele alınır.
Bu çalışmada Seyyâreler, hikâye tekniği açısından incelenip; konu, kurgu, muhteva, kahramanlar/kişiler, zaman, mekân, anlatıcı ve anlatım özellikleri yönüyle değerlendirilmiştir.

ABSTRACT
The birth pains suffered by the Turkish society, which started from the Tulip Period, in the name of innovation, entered an official and new medium with the Edict of Tanzimat, which was read in Gülhane Park on November 3, 1839, by the order of Sultan Abdulmecid. This date is also the milestone in which many changes and innovations in Turkish society gained great momentum. Devoting his art to the service of the Turkish society, Tanzimat intellectual aims to reach the public in the shortest and fastest way as the primary target. He tries to realize this idea in the field with the first term newspaper and theater.
Having written the first examples of modern humor in Çıngıraklı Tatar and Hayâl newspapers and magazines, especially Diyojen, Âli Bey also gave some drama classes to the actors and the Turkish diction lessons to the actors, mostly from the Armenian community, at the Ottoman Theater in Gedikpaşa. greatly contributes to our language being a stage language.
The first edition of the book titled Seyyâreler is made in 1899 shortly after the death of the author. In the work, which is considered small in volume but important in content, the confusion and erosion of value judgments in society is handled in a humorous style with carefully chosen words and concepts.
In this study, Seyyâreler’s are examined in terms of story technique; subject, fiction, content, heroes / people, time, place, narrator and narrative features were evaluated.
REFİK ERDURAN’IN ROMANLARINDA SOSYO-KÜLTÜREL YOZLAŞMA VE YABANCILAŞMA
Authors: ŞAHİN Veysel
Published: August 2020

Cumhuriyet dönemi Türk edebiyatının temsilcilerinden olan Refik Erduran, çok yönlü kişiliğiyle dikkati çeken bir sanatkârdır. Yazar, fıkra, senaryo, anı, roman ve deneme türünde eserler verir. Romanlarında, sosyo-kültürel yozlaşma, yabancılaşma, sömürü, suç ve ceza gibi izlekleri, toplumcu gerçekçi bir anlayışla ortaya koyan yazar bireyin yaşam karşısında takındığı tavır ve tutum onun kişiliğini yansıtan ayna gibidir. Bireyin kendisi dışında başka bir ‘ben’e dönüşmesi sonucunda yaşadığı yabancılık, kişiyi değerlere ve ahlaki ilkelere karşı öteki hale getirir.
Erduran romanlarında Anadolu yaşam biçimi ve algısını, sosyal medyanın içinde bulunduğu çürümeyi bireyden toplumsal olana kaydırarak derinlemesine ele alır. Eserlerinde sosyal adaletsizlik, kültürel erozyon, plansız ekonomi, anarşik üretim, nihilizm, kriz ve kaos sosyal çürümeyi ve yabancılaşmayı hızlandırır. Yazar göre ahlak ve kendilik eksenli bir yaşam tarzının sürdürülmesi eğitim ve kolektif üretim, ulusal birlik ve kolektif aksiyonla mümkündür.
Perceptual-cognitive Function and Unplanned Athletic Movement Task Performance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wilke Jan , Groneberg David , Banzer Winfried , Giesche Florian
Published: August 2020

The performance of choice-reaction tasks during athletic movement has been demonstrated to evoke unfavorable lower limb biomechanics. However, the mechanism of this observation is unknown. We conducted a systematic review examining the association between 1) the biomechanical and functional safety of unplanned sports-related movements (e.g. jumps/runs with spontaneously indicated landing leg/cutting direction) and 2) markers of perceptual-cognitive function (PGF). A literature search in three databases (Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar) identified five relevant articles. Study quality, rated by means of a modified Downs & Black checklist, was moderate to high (average: 13.5/16 points). Four of five papers, in at least one parameter, found either an association of lower PGF and reduced task safety or significantly reduced task safety in low vs. high PGF performers. Yet, as a) the outcomes, populations and statistical methods of the included trials were highly heterogeneous and b) only two out of five studies had an adequate control condition (pre-planned movement task), evidence was classified as conflicting. In sum, PGF may represent a factor increasing injury risk during unplanned sports-related movements but future research strengthening the evidence of this association is warranted.
Characterization of Hematopoiesis in Sickle Cell Disease by Prospective Isolation of Stem and Progenitor Cells
Authors: Tolu Seda S , Wang Kai , Yan Zi , Zhang Shouping , Roberts Karl , Crouch Andrew , Sebastian Gracy , Chaitowitz Mark , Fornari Eric D. , Schwechter Evan M , Uehlinger Joan , Manwani Deepa , Minniti Caterina , Bouhassira Eric E
Published: August 2020

The consequences of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), including ongoing hematopoietic stress and hemolysis, vascular damage and chronic therapies , such as blood transfusions and Hydroxyurea on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) have not been characterized. We have quantified the frequencies of nine HSPC populations by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of pediatric and adult patients stratified by treatment and controls. We observed broad differences between SCD patients and healthy controls. SCD is associated with 10 to 20-fold increase in CD34dim cells, and two to five-fold more CD34bright cells, a depletion in Megakaryocyte-Erythroid Progenitors and an increase in hematopoietic stem cells, when compared to controls. SCD is also associated with abnormal expression of CD235a and by very high levels of expression of the CD49f antigen. These findings were present to varying degrees in all patients, whether or not they were naïve or on chronic therapy. HU treatment tended to normalizes many of these parameters. Chronic stress erythropoiesis, inflammation caused by SCD and hydroxyurea therapy have long been suspected of causing premature aging of the hematopoietic system, and potentially increasing the risk of hematological malignancies. An important finding of this study was that the observed concentration of CD34bright cells and of all the HSPCs decreased logarithmically with time of treatment with HU. This correlation was independent of age and specific to HU treatment. Although the number of circulating HSPCs is influenced by many parameters, our findings suggest that HU treatment may decrease premature aging and hematologic malignancy risk compared to the other therapeutic modalities in SCD.
Assessment of the Presence of Symptoms, Individual Protection Measures (IPM) and Suspect Screening Measures (SSM) of COVID-19 in Federal Police Officers from a Regional Police Station in Brazil
Authors: Dias Jefferson Aparecido , Chagas Eduardo Federighi Baisi , Detregiachi Cláudia Rucco Penteado , Serva Fernanda Mesquita , Biteli Piero , Mendes Claudemir Gregório , Xavier Elídia Fabiana de Souza , Jorge Carlos Francisco Bitencourt , Zutin Tereza Lais Menegucci , Santos Mateus Cezar dos , Buchaim Daniela Vieira , Buchaim Rogério Leone
Published: August 2020

The coronavirus of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known as COVID-19, has spread rapidly around the world, leading to social detachment and the home office replacing face-to-face work. The performance of police officers faces limitations to the new requirements, while recognizing the need to ensure health and quality of life. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the panorama of the spread of COVID-19 among federal police officers by analyzing the presence of symptoms, individual protection measures (IPM), suspect screening measures (SSM) and examination for total antibodies (IgA, IgG and IgM). For this, data were collected through a questionnaire customized for this situation, blood for serological testing and measurements of clinical data from 56 federal police officers in the municipality of Marília (São Paulo, Brazil). There was no positive result in the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological test in any sample participant. The mean value of the Body Mass Index (27.2 ± 5.4 kg / m2) suggests overweight and obesity, in addition to the presence of hypertension in 16.1%, diabetes in 3.6%, asthma in 3.6 % and obesity by 25%, which represents an important risk of complications for COVID-19. The use of a mask is the most frequent IPM (96.4%) and most of the sample has used a cloth or home mask (90.9%). However, 47.3% have not performed the correct cleaning of the masks and 5.5% have not taken any care with mask hygiene. It can be concluded that care in relation to the professional activities of federal police to date has prevented the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and that they must be maintained or increased because risk factors, which involve quality of life and worsening of the contamination condition, were detected in the participants.
Formação por alternância no ensino superior: reverberações na prática de professoras do campo
Authors: Moura Lenice Sales de , Falcão Giovana Maria Belém
Published: August 2020

A Pedagogia da Alternância é uma metodologia de ensino, que procura levar os sujeitos do campo a se reconhecerem como seres que produzem e transmitem conhecimento. Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender de que modo a Formação por alternância tem repercutido no modo de ser professor dos egressos do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo/Ciências da Natureza (LEDOC), da UFPI. O estudo de caso, de natureza qualitativa, ouviu 3 professoras egressas do LEDOC, com suporte em entrevistas semiestruturadas e na vivência de um grupo dialógico. A análise dos dados foi realizada considerando a Análise Textual Discursiva. As falas revelaram que as experiências vivenciadas a partir da Formação por Alternância, têm contribuído para o desenvolvimento profissional das professoras e repercutido em suas atuações docentes, embora apresentem dificuldades na vivência dos princípios da Alternância. O estudo aponta para a necessidade de maior investimento em processos formativos para professores do campo.
Convolutional Neural Network Transfer Learning Applied to the Affective Auditory P300-Based BCI
Authors: Onishi Akinari ,   Chiba University 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan,   National Institute of Technology, Kagawa College 551 Kohda, Takuma-cho, Mitoyo-shi, Kagawa 769-1192, Japan
Published: August 2020

Brain-computer interface (BCI) enables us to interact with the external world via electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Recently, deep learning methods have been applied to the BCI to reduce the time required for recording training data. However, more evidence is required due to lack of comparison. To reveal more evidence, this study proposed a deep learning method named time-wise convolutional neural network (TWCNN), which was applied to a BCI dataset. In the evaluation, EEG data from a subject was classified utilizing previously recorded EEG data from other subjects. As a result, TWCNN showed the highest accuracy, which was significantly higher than the typically used classifier. The results suggest that the deep learning method may be useful to reduce the recording time of training data.
Indirect Control of an Autonomous Wheelchair Using SSVEP BCI
Authors: Ng Danny Wee-Kiat ,   Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia, Goh Sing Yau
Published: August 2020

Having the capability to control a wheelchair using brain signals would be a major benefit to patients suffering from motor disabling diseases. However, one major challenge such systems are facing is the amount of input needed over time by the patient for control. Such a navigation control system results in a significant mental burden for the patient. The objective of this study is to develop a BCI system that requires a low number of inputs from a subject to operate. We propose an autonomous wheelchair that uses steady-state visual evoked potential based brain computer interfaces to achieve the objective. A dual mode system was implemented in this study to allow the autonomous wheelchair to work in both unknown and known environments. Robot operating system is used as the middleware in this study for the development of the algorithm to operate the wheelchair. The mental task for the subject using this wheelchair is reduced by relegating the responsibility of navigation control from the subject to the navigation software.
AKURASI METODE CONCORDANCE BERDASARKAN PANJANG TES DAN UKURAN SAMPEL
Authors: Sitohang Nahason
Published: August 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi program praktek kerja industri dari Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri. Model Kesenjangan (DEM) yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini didukung oleh teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, distribusi kuesioner, dan pengumpulan dokumen terkait. Analisis data dilakukan sesuai dengan aspek yang akan dievaluasi (terdiri dari definisi, instalasi, proses, dan produk) dan kriteria evaluasi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program memiliki dasar regulasi yang cukup jelas, menyiapkan instalasi oleh pemerintah, proses yang baik, dan memiliki perbedaan gap untuk membuat koreksi di masa depan. Berdasarkan temuan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa program praktek kerja di industri di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri telah dilaksanakan dengan baik.
SENSITIVITAS MENDETEKSI BIAS BUTIR METODE UJI BEDA TARAF SUKAR, KHI-KUADRAT LORD DAN DISTRIBUSI SAMPLING EMPIRIS
Authors: Widana I Wayan
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan sensitivitas metode DIF: (1) Uji Beda Taraf Sukar, (2) Khi-Kuadrat Lord, dan (3) Distribusi Sampling Empiris. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif eksploratif. Data diperoleh dari Puspendik, berupa data respons siswa SMA Program IPA Provinsi DKI Jakarta yang berjumlah 4.869 orang. Butir soal yang dianalisis adalah butir soal UN Matematika tahun pelajaran 2014/2015 kode paket 1101. Untuk mendeteksi bias butir dilakukan replikasi secara acak sebanyak 30 kali, pada kelompok fokal dan referensi masing-masing berjumlah 1000 orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan Program BILOG-MG, SPSS 22.0, dan Excel 2010. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan statistik One_Way ANOVA dan uji Post Hoct Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) metode Distribusi Sampling Empiris lebih sensitif mendeteksi bias butir daripada metode Khi-Kuadrat Lord dengan perbedaan rerata 3.200 dan nilai sig. 0.000<0.05; (2) metode Khi-Kuadrat Lord lebih sensitif mendeteksi bias butir daripada metode Uji Beda Taraf Sukar dengan perbedaan rerata 2.367 dan nilai sig. 0.001<0.05.
Think-Pair-Share Technique and Analytic Rubric Assesment for English Writing Learning
Authors: Sutrianti Etti
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang aplikasi pembelajaran proses keterampilan menulis menggunakan perlakuan pembelajaran kooperatif dan penilaian menggunakan rubrik. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think-Pair-Share (TPS) lebih efektif tatkala diikuti dengan penilaian menggunakan rubrik analitik. Berbeda dengan hal tersebut, ternyata penerapan pembelajaran TPS yang dikombinasikan dengan penilaian menggunakan rubrik holistik serta aplikasi pembelajaran Studentsâ€™ Team Achievement Division (STAD) dengan penilaian menggunakan rubrik analitik memberikan hasil yang positif. Akan tetapi hal tersebut perlu diuji lanjut pada penelitian lain untuk memperkuat temuan penelitian ini.
EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI STANDAR PENILAIAN PADA SEKOLAH ALAM BOGOR BERDASARKAN MODEL EVALUASI PROVUS
Authors: Fitria Fauzia Wida
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan kesenjangan yang terjadi antara definisi, instalasi, proses, dan produk dengan menggunakan kriteria yang standar. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan berdasarkan pada model evaluasi Provus (model evaluasi Kesenjangan). Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, kuesioner, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan kriteria standar. Subjek dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas guru dan kepala Sekolah Alam Bogor. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Aspek definisi berada pada kategori rendah, (2) Aspek instalasi berada pada kategori sedang, (3) Aspek proses berada pada kategori sedang, dan (4) Aspek produk berada pada kategori baik.
JITT with assessment for learning: Investigation and improvement of students understanding of kinematics concept
Authors: Jufriadi Akhmad , Andinisari Ratri
Published: August 2020

This study aims to investigate and explore students' understanding of the concept of Kinematics, particularly in the concepts of acceleration, velocity, distance and displacement. This research used a mixed-method approach with an embedded experimental design. The research was conducted by involving 21 students consisting of 7 men and 14 women. This research used reasoned multiple-choice questions and short interviews to determine the students' initial and final understanding. The results showed that, before the intervention was carried out, as much as 42.86% of students did not understand the concept of distance and displacement correctly, as much as 26.99% of students did not understand the concepts of instantaneous velocity and average speed, as much as 45.6% did not understand the concepts of position, velocity and acceleration and as much as 87.31% did not understand about the direction of velocity and acceleration. In addition, the results showed that the application of JITT with assessment for learning could significantly improve students' understanding of concepts, with N-gain = 0.56 and effect size = 2.38. This study explains the difficulties and general understanding of students on the concepts of distance and displacement, and the direction of object acceleration. In addition, the integration of assessment for learning to JITT is an option in the learning process to improve understanding of Kinematics concepts.
Removal of Residual Oil from Produced Water Using Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Theurer Jared , Ajagbe Oluwatobi , Osorio Jhouly , Elgaddafi Rida , Ahmed Ramadan , Walters Keisha , Abbott Brandon
Published: August 2020

Recent studies have shown encouraging results using amine-coated magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles to remove residual oil from produced water using a magnetic field. However, the manufacturing of magnetite nanoparticles requires an expensive coating operation, which limits the application of this technology in large-scale treatment operations. The goal of this study is to develop a simple, efficient, and economically feasible method for removing oil from produced water using nanoparticles. Iron oxide nanoparticles are biocompatible and even safely used in medical applications. This study focuses on the removal of residual oil from produced water using uncoated, recyclable, and less expensive maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles. These particles have shown the potential for removing oil layers from the surface of water. However, they have not been tested for their capability of removing emulsified and dissolved oil from produced water.

In this study, commercial and synthesized maghemite nanoparticles were used. The maghemite nanoparticles were synthesized using the coprecipitation process. Laboratory-synthesized produced water samples with high oil concentration (1,000 ppm) were prepared by mixing medium oil with brine [1,180 ppm sodium chloride (NaCl) solution]. The nanoparticles were dispersed in 3% NaCl brine (w/w) at varying concentrations (0.31 to 5 mg/cm3) to form different nanosuspensions. Subsequently, the nanosuspensions were mixed with synthesized produced water for 10 minutes. When a magnetic field was applied to the mixture, a clear separation of the nanoparticles was observed within seconds. Residual oil in the samples was measured using nondispersive infrared spectroscopy.

Oil content analysis confirmed the successful (99.9%) removal of oil from laboratory-synthesized water samples. For the real produced water samples, results showed a reduction of oil content to an undetectable level (i.e., less than 0.1 ppm). The ease of nanoparticle collection and washing after subsequent water treatments further demonstrates the feasibility of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based separations for large-scale use in produced water treatment operations. The unique finding of this study is the elimination of one additional step of synthesizing (amine coating) MNPs. Direct use of uncoated maghemite nanoparticles with high oil removal efficiency can reduce produced water treatment costs and promote this technology as an economically feasible option within the industry.
Recognition of stroke-related knowledge among community residents and the improvement after intensive health education: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhong Xuemin , Wang Jian , He Lanying , Xu Ronghua
Published: August 2020

Background: The high morbidity, mortality, and disability rates of stroke constitute a heavy burden to the society. The level of understanding about stroke warning symptoms and first aid systems among community residents was generally low. The aim of our work is to investigate stroke-related knowledge in community residents of Jinjiang district of Chengdu and to raise public awareness about stroke through an intensive educational program.Methods: Nine communities in Jinjiang district were sampled and a questionnaire about stroke-related knowledge was applied before and after stroke educational activities. We analyzed the impact of such activities in stroke recognition and management.Results: We collected 1685 valid questionnaires. The awareness about stroke risk before educational activities was 11.4%. The recognition of stroke warning signs among community residents was 29.8-59.5%. Among them, the recognition of major signs, such as limb weakness, language disorder, and imbalance was more than 50%. When faced with five stroke warning signs, the proportion of participants who chose to make an emergency call was 41.5%. Less than 10% of the participants chose to consult a doctor, take medicine, or wait. After strengthening publicity and educational activities regarding stroke, there was a significant improvement in the identification of stroke risk factors, warning signs, and stroke management. The percentage of participants who chose to make an emergency call increased from 53.2% to 82.7%.Conclusions: The knowledge about stroke among community residents in Jinjiang District of Chengdu was low. Strengthening publicity and educational activities may raise awareness about stroke prioritizing call emergency after the onset of stroke signs.
Supporting mental health service users to stop smoking: findings from a process evaluation of the implementation of smokefree policies into two mental health trusts
Authors: Jones Susan E , Mulrine S. , Clements H. , Hamilton S.
Published: August 2020

Background: Life expectancy is 10-20 years lower among people with a severe mental health disorder. Most of these early deaths are due to chronic conditions, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Smoking is a major risk factor for these conditions and introducing smokefree policies has been recommended to mental health service providers in England by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), in their Public Health Guideline 48: Smoking: acute, maternity and mental health services. This paper reports a process evaluation of introducing these policy recommendations, which were updated in 2013. Aim: To reflect on the process outcomes when introducing smokefree policies in National Health Service (NHS) Trusts providing mental health services in an English region. Method: Process data were collected through semi-structured interviews with staff ( n=51 ), members of partnering organisations ( n=5 ), service users ( n=7 ) and carers ( n=2 ) between November 2016 – April 2017. Normalization Process Theory (NPT) was used to design the data collection tools and analyse the data. A framework approach was taken with the analysis, using the four concepts of NPT: coherence, cognitive participation, collective action and reflexive monitoring. Results: The policy made sense to some staff, patients and carers (coherence) who ‘bought-into’ the idea (cognitive participation) but other participants disagreed. Although smokefree policies were operationalised (collective action), sometimes they were opposed. Progress was made, especially in some units, but continued to be resisted in others. Informal appraisal of progress (reflexive monitoring) presented a varied picture. Conclusion: Some progress has been made in terms of changing an entrenched, smoking culture into one that is smokefree on Trust sites across the region. Perseverance and resourcing over the long-term is required to establish a non-smoking culture in on-site provision of mental health services.
Learning Outcomes of a Flipped Classroom Teaching Approach in an Adult-health Nursing Course: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Fan Jun-Yu , Tseng Ying-Jung , Chao Li-Fen , Chen Shiah-Lian , Jane Sui-Whi
Published: August 2020

Background: New teaching strategies must be developed not only to enhance nurse’s competence but also to allow nurses to respond to the complex health care needs of today’s society. The purpose of this study was to explore the learning outcomes of a flipped classroom teaching approach in an adult-health nursing course for students in a two-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing program.Methods: The study had a quasi-experimental design. An 18-week flipped classroom teaching approach was applied in an adult-health nursing course. In total, 485 nursing students enrolled in the study, with 287 in the experimental group and 198 in the control group. The Self-Evaluated Core Competencies Scale, Metacognitive Inventory for Nursing Students, Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale, and self-designed learning satisfaction questionnaire were used to evaluate the students’ learning outcomes. Results: The experimental group showed a statistically significant increase in the overall scores for self-evaluated core competencies, the “self-modification” subscale of the Metacognitive Inventory for Nursing Students, and in overall self-directed learning readiness; further, they also showed high levels of course satisfaction. Conclusions: A flipped classroom teaching approach had a positive impact on student’s learning motivation and contributed to better learning outcomes in an adult-health nursing course. The flipped classroom combined with hybrid teaching methods is a suitable and effective learning strategy for a registered nurse (RN) to Bachelor of Science in nursing (BSN) program to tackle today’s complex revolution in nursing curricula, and may enhance nursing students’ abilities to address numerous challenges.
A Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Associated with COVID-19 among Undergraduate Students in China
Authors: Peng Yaling , Pei Chenchen , Zheng Yan , Wang Juan , Zhang Kui , Zheng Zhaohui , Zhu Ping
Published: August 2020

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has become a great threat to public health, which has greatly impacted the study and life of undergraduate students in China. Objective: This study aims to perform a survey of their knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) associated with COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was designed to gather information regarding the COVID-19 related KAP among undergraduates during the home isolation in the outbreak. Subjects were recruited from 10 universities in Shaanxi Province, China. Enrollees voluntarily submitted their answers to a pre-designed questionnaire online. Results: A total of 872 subjects (female, 534; male, 338) were enrolled with ages from 17 to 25 years old. This cohort included 430 medical and 442 non-medical students, 580 freshmen and 292 higher school year students. There were 453 from public schools and 442 from private school, residing in 28 regions and provinces at the time of study. Results showed that appropriate knowledge was acquired by 82.34% subjects; the levels were significantly higher in undergraduates from public universities and medical majors than those from private schools and non-medical majors (p＜0.05). 73.81% subjects reported positive attitudes; females showed significantly higher levels of positive attitudes than males (p＜0.05). Proactive practice was found in 87.94% subjects. Using a common scoring method, the overall scores for Knowledge, Attitude and Practice were 4.12±0.749 (range: 0~5), 8.54±1.201 (range: 0~10), and 8.91±1.431 (range: 0~10), respectively. There was a positive correlation between attitude and practice (r=0.319, p<0.05) in the whole study group. Total KAP score was 21.57±2.291 (range: 0~25), which was significantly different among gender groups and major groups. Conclusions: Most undergraduates acquired necessary knowledge, positive attitude and proactive practice in response to COVID-19 outbreak; but their KAP scores significantly varied by gender, major and school types.
Demographic and cardiovascular risk factors associated with drug use in truck drivers in the state of São Paulo: A cross-sectional study.
Authors: Pereira Mariana Moura , Mansur Antonio Padua , Takada Julio Yoshio , Leyton Vilma
Published: August 2020

Background: The irregular routine of truck drivers favors the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), especially cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which can be exacerbated by the use of illicit drugs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from 2,071 truck drivers who traveled through the state of São Paulo between 2010 and 2016. Socioeconomic and occupational variables, risk factors for CVD, use of illicit drugs were analyzed. Clinical and toxicological tests were also carried out. Results: The average age of the truck drivers was 42.27 ± 11.07 years, and the use of illicit drugs, at least once while working, was reported or detected in 388 (18.7%) drivers. Compared to non-users, drug users were younger (37.25 ± 9.45 vs. 43.43 ± 11.1 years; p <0.001) and single (43.3% vs. 28.4%; p <0.001). The independent variables age [OR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91 - 0.95; p<0.001)], smoking [OR = 2.18 (95% CI: 1.39 - 3.44; p = 0.001)], alcohol consumption [OR = 1.626 (95% CI: 1.06 - 2.49; p = 0.026)] and hours of driving per day [OR = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01 - 1.15; p = 0.012)] were also associated with the use of illicit drugs. Conclusion: The use of illicit drugs was higher in young and single drivers and was associated with a higher prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption and more driving hours, which are risk factors for NCDs, CVD and traffic accidents.
Idiographic analyses of motivation and related processes in participants with schizophrenia following a therapeutic intervention for negative symptoms
Authors: Thonon Bénédicte , Aubel Evelyne Van , Lafit Ginette , Libera Clara Della , Laroi Frank
Published: August 2020

Background : Motivational negative symptoms hinder quality of life and daily functioning of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A recently developed intervention, Switch, has shown promising effects on negative symptoms and functional outcomes. Switch targets multiple cognitive, emotional and behavioural processes associated with motivation and goal directed behaviours. We aimed to investigate its effects on motivation and associated processes in a naturalistic setting, and to explore the dynamics between the processes. Methods : We used a single case approach ( n = 3), with a pre-post and follow-up assessment design, which also included ambulatory assessments (experience sampling method, ESM; and step count). We computed autoregressive lag 1 models to evaluate the effects of the intervention on daily motivation levels and related processes, descriptive pie-charts, and vector autoregressive modelling to reveal the dynamics of the processes over time. Results : The intervention was beneficial for each participant according to traditional evaluations of motivational negative symptoms, apathy, daily functioning and quality of life. The effects on the ESM variables revealed distinct outcomes for each individual. The dynamics between the various processes differed between participants, and fluctuated within participants (when comparing baseline, intervention phase, and follow-up). Conclusions : This study used an innovative approach to look at the effectiveness of an intervention. The intervention seems to lead to meaningful improvements in motivational negative symptoms and functional outcomes. The mechanisms of change need to be further investigated.
Identification, Evolution, Expression, and Docking Studies of Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Hajiahmadi Zahra , Abedi Amin , Wei Hui , Sun Weibo , Ruan Honghua , Zhuge Qiang , Movahedi Ali
Published: August 2020

Backgrounds: Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) introduce a double bond into the fatty acids acyl chain resulting in unsaturated fatty acids that have essential roles in plant development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Wheat germ oil, one of the important by-products of wheat, can be a good alternative for edible oils with clinical advantages due to the high amount of unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the wheat FAD gene family (TaFADs).Results: 68 FAD genes were identified from the wheat genome. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, wheat FADs clustered into five subfamilies, including FAB2, FAD2/FAD6, FAD4, DES/SLD, and FAD3/FAD7/FAD8. The TaFADs were distributed on chromosomes 2A-7B with 0 to 10 introns. The Ka/Ks ratio was less than one for most of the duplicated pair genes revealed that the function of the genes had been maintained during the evolution. Several cis-acting elements related to hormones and stresses in the TaFADs promoters indicated the role of these genes in plant development and responses to environmental stresses. Likewise, 72 SSRs and 91 miRNAs in 36 and 47 TaFADs have been identified. According to RNA-seq data analysis, the highest expression in all developmental stages and tissues was related to TaFAB2.5, TaFAB2.12, TaFAB2.15, TaFAB2.17, TaFAB2.20, TaFAD2.1, TaFAD2.6, and TaFAD2.8 genes while the highest expression in response to temperature stress was related to TaFAD2.6, TaFAD2.8, TaFAB2.15, TaFAB2.17, and TaFAB2.20. Furthermore, docking simulations revealed several residues in the active site of TaFAD2.6 and TaFAD2.8 in close contact with the docked oleic acid that could be useful in future site-directed mutagenesis studies to increase the catalytic efficiency of them and subsequently improve agronomic quality and tolerance of wheat against environmental stresses. Conclusions: This study provides comprehensive information that can lead to the detection of candidate genes for wheat genetic modification.
Inhibiting roles of FOXA2 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion by transcriptionally suppressing microRNA-103a-3p and activating the GREM2/LATS2 axis
Authors: Ma Guangzhen , Chen Jirong , Wei Tiantian , Wang Jia , Chen Wenshan
Published: August 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Sphingomyelin(d35:1) as a novel predictor for lung adenocarcinoma recurrence after a radical surgery: a case-control study
Authors: Takanashi Yusuke , Funai Kazuhito , Sato Shumpei , Kawase Akikazu , Tao Hong , Takahashi Yutaka , Sugimura Haruhiko , Setou Mitsutoshi , Kahyo Tomoaki , Shiiya Norihiko
Published: August 2020

Background: To improve the postoperative prognosis of patients with lung cancer, predicting the recurrence high-risk patients is needed for the efficient application of adjuvant chemotherapy. However, predicting lung cancer recurrence after a radical surgery is difficult even with conventional histopathological prognostic factors, thereby a novel predictor should be identified. As lipid metabolism alterations are known to contribute to cancer progression, we hypothesized that lung adenocarcinomas with high recurrence risk contain candidate lipid predictors. This study aimed to identify candidate lipid predictors for the recurrence of lung adenocarcinoma after a radical surgery.Methods: Frozen tissue samples of primary lung adenocarcinoma obtained from patients who underwent a radical surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Recurrent and non-recurrent cases were assigned to recurrent (n = 10) and non-recurrent (n = 10) groups, respectively. Extracted lipids from frozen tissue samples were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The average total lipid levels of the non-recurrent and recurrent groups were compared. Candidate predictors were screened by comparing the folding change and P-value of t-test in each lipid species between the recurrent and non-recurrent groups.Results: The average total lipid level of the recurrent group was 1.65 times higher than that of the non-recurrent group (P < 0.05). A total of 203 lipid species were increased (folding change, ≥2; P < 0.05) and 4 lipid species were decreased (folding change, ≤0.5; P < 0.05) in the recurrent group. Among these candidates, increased sphingomyelin (SM)(d35:1) in the recurrent group was the most prominent candidate predictor, showing high performance of recurrence prediction (AUC, 9.1; sensitivity, 1.0; specificity, 0.8; accuracy, 0.9).Conclusion: We propose SM(d35:1) as a novel candidate predictor for lung adenocarcinoma recurrence. Our finding can contribute to precise recurrence prediction and qualified postoperative therapeutic strategy for lung adenocarcinomas.Abbreviations: AUC, area under the ROC curve; ROC, receiver operating characteristic. This retrospective study was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000039202) on 21st January 2020.
Verifying the feasibility of using Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to analyze Linqing brick: evaluation of the influencing factors, assessing reliability, and providing scientific advice
Authors: Chen Zexuan , Zhang Long , Hou Feng , Xie Jialiang
Published: August 2020

Linqing brick is quite popular in Chinese history. Currently, identifying the origin of Linqing brick is an important issue to be studied in the field of archeology and architectural history in China. Hand-Held X-ray fluorescence (HH-XRF) spectrometry enables the in-situ determination of the main elements in Linqing brick in a rapid non-destructive manner. HH-XRF is important in identifying the origin of Linqing brick. However, HH-XRF could be influenced by certain factors and may be capable of measuring only the element contents of the surface for the bricks in situ. The present study aimed to verify the reliability of HH-XRF and to systematically evaluate the different factors influencing measurement precision and accuracy so that scientific advice could be provided regarding the usage of HH-XRF for this application. Four experiments were performed to determine the influencing factors and assess the reliability through cross-validation using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Finally, the influence of the different studied factors was studied, and the reliability of HH-XRF was ensured. The facts to consider about the measurement time, cross validation, criteria to select points, treat surface and getting final data and how to avoid the effect of rain, while using this method, are provided.
Integrity, Use and Care of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Authors: Nyangi Mary Wanjiku , Kigondu Elizabeth Mumbi , Irungu Beatrice , Nganga Margaret , Gachanja Anthony , Kinyanjui Martin , Nyangacha Ruth , Muniu Erastus , Kamau Luna , Gathirwa Jeremiah
Published: August 2020

Background: Vector control is an essential component in prevention and control of malaria in malaria endemic areas. Insecticide treated nets is one of the standard tools recommended for malaria vector control. The objective of the study was to determine physical integrity and insecticidal potency of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) used in control of malaria vector in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.Method: The study targeted households in an area which had received LLINs during mass net distribution in 2016 from Ministry of Health. A total of 420 households were sampled using systematic sampling method, where the household heads consented to participate in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to assess care and use while physical examination was used to determine integrity. Chemical potency was determined by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. Results: After eighteen months of use, 96.9% (95% CI: 95.2% – 98.6%) of the distributed nets were still available. Regarding the net utilization, 94.1% of household heads reported sleeping under an LLIN the previous night. After physical examination, 49.9% (95% CI: 43% - 52.8%) of the bed nets had at least one hole. The median number of holes of any size was 2[interquartile range (IQR) 1-4], and most holes were located on the lower part of the nets, [median 3 (IQR 2-5)]. Only 15% of the nets with holes had been repaired. The median concentration for alpha-cypermethrin was 7.15mg/m2 (IQR 4.25-15.31) and 0.00mg/g (IQR 0.00-1.99) for permethrin. Based on pHI, Chi-square test varied significantly with the manufacturer (X (6, N=389) = 29.14, p = 0.04). There was no significant difference between nets with different number of washes (X2(2) = 4.55, p = 0.103).Conclusion: More than three-quarters of the nets supplied had survived and insecticidal potency was adequate in vector control. 14.2% of the nets were too torn and required immediate replacement. Studies for validated field evaluation of surface insecticidal content available to a mosquito after landing on a net to rest should be developed.
3,4-diaminopyridine Treatment for Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome in Adults: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhang Na , Hong Daojun , Ouyang Taohui , Meng Wei , Huang Jingwei , Li Meihua , Hong Tao
Published: August 2020

Background: Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular transmission. The objective was to examine the efficacy and safety of 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) in patients with LEMS. Methods: We searched several databases to identify relevant studies, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register.The primary outcome, quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) score and the secondary outcome, compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) amplitude were pooled by meta-analysis. Results: Six randomised controlled trials (RCT) involving 115 patients with LEMS were included. QMG score showed a significant decrease (improvement) of 2.33 points (95% CI, -2.81 to -1.85, p<0.001) after treatment with 3,4-DAP. Moreover, the overall mean CMAP amplitude improved significantly in LEMS patients with 3, 4-DAP treatment, compared with placebo treatment (mean difference 1.63 mV, 95% CI, 0.85 to 2.41, p<0.001). The overall assessment of all included trials showed a low risk of bias and low heterogeneity. Conclusions: The pooled results of randomized controlled trials demonsrated with moderate to high evidence that 3,4-DAP has a significant effect on LEMS treatment, with improvements in muscle strength score and CMAP amplitude.