bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in Inertial Navigation Technologies
Authors: Hodas Stanislav , Izvoltova Jana , Rekus Donatas
Published: December 2021

The inertial measurement unit is an electronic device built-in practically in any controlled or autonomous technology used for land mapping. It is based on a combination of accelerometers and gyroscopes and sometimes magnetometers used for relative orientation and navigation. The paper is focused on functions and trends of an inertial measurement unit, which is a part of inertial navigation indicator of position and velocity of moving devices on the ground, above and below ground in real-time.
An Innovative GB-INSAR System for Deformation Monitoring and Disaster Management
Authors: Twardzik Matthias , Cecchetti Matteo , Coppi Francesco
Published: December 2021

Disaster management is a critical issue, needs timely reaction to mitigate the risks and to re-establish a safety condition. For that reason, remote monitoring solution play a crucial role to measure structure healthy and slope stability keeping operators and equipment in the safe zones. A clear understanding of displacement and stability of the target is vital to define proper remediation actions, prioritizing the most critical ones. IDS GeoRadar is a provider of radar remote monitoring technology for complex structures and natural hazards, that recently developed an ArcSAR interferometric radar system for deformation monitoring and disaster management. The innovative solution has been designed to have a portable, easy-to-use solution able to monitor the structures and area after few minutes of its deployment. The radar system detects structure displacement and slope fall precursors, triggering early warning to increase safety for emergency operations and to evacuate people and machinery at risk. The new radar system provides sub-millimeter displacement accuracy at a spatial resolution of tens of centimetres, with updated displacement information every 30 seconds. In this paper, the system is described, along with emergency monitoring experiences.
Ecotoxicological Tests of Metal-Contaminated soils
Authors: Šestinová Ol’ga , Findoráková Lenka , HančuFák Jozef , Szabová Zuzana
Published: December 2021

The raw steel production plays a key role in the economic development of Slovakia. Unfortunately, the technology of steel production, agricultural and industrial activities contribute to contamination of the soil in the region Eastern Slovakia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heavy metals in urban soils from the Košice area, using bioassays on earthworms and phytotoxicity. An earthworm avoidance test has potential advantages for use in evaluation of hazardous soils sites and proved as a quick approach to determining the presence of contaminants. The earthworm (Dendrobaena veneta) takes up and retains metals from soil containing of heavy metals. Assessment of soil phytotoxicity was based on germination and seedling growth of the terrestrial plant (mustard Sinapis alba). The level of Cr, Co, Cd and Hg were assessed in 8 industrial soils (4 agricultural areas and 4 grass-plot areas) from the area U.S. Steel Košice. The highest levels contaminations of chromium (278mg/kg), cobalt (39mg/kg), cadmium (21mg/kg) and mercury (0.80mg/kg) were determined for the grass-plot soils (main gate of the U. S. Steel-plant). Phytotoxkit results for the agricultural soils from around Košice showed that, the potential toxicity values are lowly, represented by a lower percentage of inhibition in germination range between 5 and 33 % and the average percentage of growth inhibition was 12-39 % for Sinapis alba. The results for the grass-plot areas soils from around Košice showed the percentage of inhibition in germination range between 13 and 47 % and the average percentage of growth inhibition was 19-49 % for Sinapis alba. Low mortality effects were recorded in the tests with Dendronaena veneta. The distribution of the worms found in the double control was within the range 10–100 % for all areas of the agricultural soils and grass-plot soils, for after 48h. The significant (P<0.05) avoidance by Dendronaena veneta were 100% in soils of areas Gomboš and from main gate of the U. S. Steel-plant, Košice. The above results reflect that not only may the worms be able to detect metals, but in fact they may also change their behavioural response over time.
Marbles from Castagneto Carducci Area (Tuscany, Italy)
Authors: Lezzerini Marco , Civita Jacopo , Aquino Andrea , Pagnotta Stefano
Published: December 2021

In this work, marbles from Castagneto Carducci (Livorno province, Tuscany), which originated by contact metamorphism of the Calcare Massiccio Fm., an Early Jurassic limestone belonging to the Tuscan Sequence, were studied for determining their chemical, mineralogical and petrographic characteristics, and the main physical and mechanical properties. Forty marble samples were sampled and analysed; they are from two inactive quarries on the NW and NE slopes of the Mt. Romitorino, and from natural outcrops in the vicinity of the quarries. The analysed rocks are marbles with high calcite content (> 98% by weight). Optical microscopy observations showed Castagneto Carducci marbles generally have a heteroblastic/granoblastic texture with crystal boundaries from curved-right to lobate. The maximum grain size of the calcite crystals ranges from 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm. The determination of the main physical and mechanical properties of the analysed marbles showed that these rocks are characterised by low porosity and, in general, good physical and mechanical properties.
Comparative Study on Degradability Characteristics of Evaporitic and Carbonate Rocks from Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Arman Hasan , Abu Saima Mahmoud , Abdelghany Osman , Paramban Safwan
Published: December 2021

The slake durability index (SDI) test is a well know and extensively used to measure the degradability behaviour of rocks especially for weak rocks like mudstone, shale, evaporites, carbonates, etc. The degradability of rocks plays a critical role in engineering design process either on or in the rock mass for safe and sustainable structures. Evaporitic and carbonate rocks are vulnerable to physical, chemical and mechanical weathering, break down, as result of wetting-drying processes during the SDI test. Evaporites and carbonates are outcropped at the surface and subsurface of the Al Ain city, which is located on the south-eastern of Abu Dhabi, capital city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) at various level, and it is one of the rapid growing cities in the UAE. However, the detailed comparative data on the slaking behaviour of evaporites and carbonates are not available presently in the study area. Therefore, this paper provides a comparative study on the degradability characteristics of evaporitic and carbonate rocks in the city of Al Ain as well as comprehensive data for the study area. 142 rock blocks (∼ 40×40×40 cm3 in size), which represent evaporitic (48 blocks) and carbonate (94 blocks) rocks were collected from various accessible either surfaces outcrops or excavated areas from the study area. 48 and 94 slake durability test samples of evaporites and carbonates were prepared and slake durability tests were performed according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Furthermore, their compositional and textural characteristics were examined using polarized-light microscope, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The degradability data for evaporite and carbonate rocks designate medium to very low and extremely high to very high values based on the classification after multiple cycling, Id1 to Id4, processes, respectively. The weight loss values from the first to the fourth cycles (Id1–Id4) of evaporite and carbonate samples are approximately 24–95 and 0.68-4.22 wt%. Obviously, evaporites are highly vulnerable compare to carbonates because of their differences in chemical and mineralogical structures and their reactions to the slaking fluid of distilled water. Hydration-dehydration effects on the evaporitic rocks may occur within short time compare to the carbonate rocks due to their natural occurrences. Thus, this study provide comparable and details information for the degradability characteristics of evaporitic and carbonate rocks, and likely improve the understanding of the durability of both rock types in the study area and elsewhere. Especially, such a reliable and inclusive information will compromise a practical guideline for engineers and decision makers to overcome difficulties on durability problems associated with evaporites and carbonates in the study area and elsewhere.
Marine Debris Tracking from River Discharge base on Hydrodynamic Simulation on Jakarta Bay
Authors: Diastomo H , Surya M Y , Sakti A D , Agustina E , Trismadi
Published: December 2021

Marine debris pollution is one of biggest problem that occurs in coastal city in Indonesia without exception Jakarta. Those marine debris increase with the addition of the Jakarta population. The main source of marine debris came from 13 rivers that flow into Jakarta Bay. Estimated that around 487 tons/day plastic debris that mismanaged potentially flows into the rivers and ended into the Jakarta Bay. Tidal forcing and current mainly affect the hydrodynamic condition in Jakarta Bay that drive the marine debris spread out from river estuary. The marine debris movement follow the hydrodynamic pattern due to the nature of floating marine debris. The proposed Giant Sea Wall in Jakarta Bay also affected in hydrodynamic condition in Jakarta Bay. As a result, the movement pattern of the marine debris influenced due to complex hydrodynamic condition in Jakarta Bay.
Subsurface Ocean Characteristic in the Mentawai Waters during Monsoon Transition Phase on Last 2020
Authors: Hamonangan J S , Anwar IP , Irfan M , Moefti O , Rolian D L
Published: December 2021

The Indonesia Continental Shelf (LKI) expedition was held during September - October 2020. During the survey, there were ten Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) measurement stations that located extending from the west of Mentawai Island to the Indian Ocean. In this study, two-line of subsurface temperature, salinity, and density data were plotted longitudinally. The results show the unique feature between the open ocean and coastal area, the characteristic from open ocean did not affect the characteristic in coastal zone, it is shown from the salinity data. The maximum salinity found in the thermocline layer, between 100-150 m in both of line. The salinity increases from the surface until the thermocline, then slightly decreases to the deep layer. The surface salinity in the coastal area significantly different from the open ocean, it is less than 34 PSU. That is the fact that Wyrtki Jet current did not induce the open ocean water to the coastal water in the subsurface. Otherwise, the temperature and density have a similar pattern with range values around 9-31°C.
Coastal Inundation and Land Subsidence in North Coast of West Java: A New Hazard?
Authors: Solihuddin T , Husrin S , Mustikasari E , Heriati A , Kepel T L , Salim H L , Risandi J , Dwiyanti D
Published: December 2021

The North Coasts of West Java are increasingly affected by human activities. The area has been utilized as settlement areas, industrial estates, and associated infrastructures including roads, school, hospital, market, etc. Consequently, this massive landuse and uncontrolled natural resources extraction have contributed to environmental degradation such as coastal erosion, accretion, pollution, inundation, and land subsidence. To date, we have so far very few field measurement data of land subsidence to support its importance. However, satellite image and on-ground observations used to determine spatio-temporal changes in the shoreline and area of inundation indicated the existence of land subsidence. Groundtruth data on selected areas also indicated the indicators of land subsidence such as damages of infrastructures including houses, roads, and sea dikes. The most noticeable shoreline changes in the North Coast of West Java are situated in Muara Gembong Bekasi and Legon Kulon Subang constituting maximum rates of shoreline retreat up to 200 and 150 m/year respectively for the last two decades (from 2000 to 2020). Whilst, the total areas of inundation in Muara Gembong and Legon Kulon based on recent satellite studies are 10.2 km2and 7.4 km2respectively. Coastal inundation might be linked to the combination of long-term behavior of oceanographic variables such as wave and sea level, in coincidence with hydrological changes due to river works (i.e. dam constructions and channellings) and an increase of settlement areas, fish ponds, groundwater extraction, etc. A set of preliminary engineering measures, in conjunction with sediment managing schemes, is proposed for the sustainable development of the coastal zone.
Mangrove Ecosystem Development on North Coast of Java
Authors: Heriati A , Solihuddin T , Husrin S , Salim H L , Mustikasari E , Kepel T L , Ati R N A
Published: December 2021

The condition of northern coast of Java is in a high risk due to human activities (fishing, agriculture, industry, settlement, tourism, and transportation). Mangrove ecosystem has an ability to protect the coastal area and it can be used also as a mangrove-based tourism area. The development of ecotourism must be able to truly keep up its principles in maintaining environmental sustainability, providing benefits to community and containing education for the visitors and maintaining local wisdom. However, the development of ecotourism itself still encounters various obstacles in its implementation. The objectives of this study are to analyze the condition and management between 5 different mangrove-based tourism ecotourism locations namely Jembatan Pelangi (Banten), Karangsong and Sumber Mas (Indramayu), Pandansari (Brebes) and Tunggulsari (Pati). Descriptive analysis was conducted based on in-depth interviews with managers, communities and local governments. Several recommendations as a result of this study given to improve some infrastructure and waste management to be more environmentally friendly, a working group supported by local governments should be taken into account for facilitating coordination both local governments and central government so that the ecotourism area can be properly promoted.
Overview of Existing Waste Processing Techniques in Small Islands of Pulo Aceh, Seribu, Karimunjawa and Wakatobi
Authors: Rahmania R , Kusumaningrum P D , Chandra H , Sianturi D S A , Firdaus Y , Akhwady R , Sufyan A , Hatori C A , Indriasari V Y , Triwibowo H , Marzuki M I , Hartono D R B , Febri S P , Arifudin L O
Published: December 2021

Indonesia is an archipelagic country with more than 17,000 islands scattered across the country. Unique ecosystems, such as mangrove and coral reefs that have a very important ecological function, can be found in coastal area along with highly diverse species. Coastal area is also place for many major cities, while small islands became tourist destination. Human activities in these areas have generated pressure to the coastal resources and environment sustainability, (e.g.: the emerging unmanaged waste in major cities and tourist destination, which leaked to the ocean, then drifted, dispersed, and stranded in other shores). This study aims to identify various waste management practices in selected sites of small islands (e.g.: Pulo Aceh, Seribu, Karimunjawa, Wakatobi), where they have limited resources to managed waste. The result indicated that waste management practices in each place are vary, adjusted with their specific condition (e.g.: total population, daily waste generation, and availability of waste processing technology). Local community have adopted number of techniques to manage domestic waste, as well as stranded marine debris in their island. Based on the field observation, the key success factors of waste management in small islands will depend on the involvement of local community, good collaboration among stakeholders, also output of waste processing practice should bring direct and indirect benefit for the society, low-cost, and eco-friendly.
The relationship between Oceanographic Parameters and Fish Larvae Dispersal in the Fisheries Management Area of the Republic Indonesia (FMA) 717
Authors: Restiangsih Y H , Radjawane I M , Mamun A , Kembaren D , Nurdin E
Published: December 2021

Cendrawasih Bay and the Pacific Ocean are known as potential fishing areas and as fish spawning locations in Fisheries Management Area 717. Larval dispersal in the waters is strongly influenced by oceanographic parameters. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between oceanographic parameters and fish larval dispersal in FMA 717. This research was conducted using KR Bawal Putih III in November 2019. A number of 42 stations were determined for observation. Environmental parameters included temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, turbidity, and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), were measured using SBE 19 plus V2 CTD while pelagic fish larvae were collected using a bonggo net. Analysis of the correlation of oceanographic parameters with pelagic fish larvae abundance and spatial distribution was calculated using PCA (Principal Component Analysis) statistical analysis. The results showed that the pelagic fish larvae was influenced by temperature, salinity, PAR, chlorophyll-a, turbidity, and DO. Temperature and salinity have a direct interaction to the abundance of pelagic fish larvae.
The Seaweed Information System (SIRULA): A Preliminary Concept and Integrated Design
Authors: Kusumaningrum P D , Setyawidati N A R , C Kusuma L P A Savitri , Rahmania R , Chandra H , Sianturi D S A , Firdaus Y , Sufyan A , Dillenia I
Published: December 2021

Seaweed is one of the fisheries commodities, which has been proven to improve the household income of coastal and small island communities in Indonesia for the last two decades. The global need for seaweed is rising, since it is used as a raw material for many industries, i.e.: food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, livestock feed, and fertilizers. These factors have encouraged the Government of Indonesia to increase the quantity and quality of seaweed commodities until it reaches a strategic position in the fisheries sector. One of the efforts in enhancing the data and information reliability, which will support all business actors from upstream to downstream; to accelerate the industrialization and production, resource sustainability, and improving the welfare of coastal and small island communities. This paper aims to provide an overview of the concept and design of seaweed information systems, based on the principles of traceability, sustainability, production process improvement, and system integration. It is expected that business actors, resources managers, and policymakers will take advantage of information system, where reliable data and information can be accessed easily in real-time.
Tracking the Stranded Area of Marine Debris in Indonesian coasts by using Floating Drifter
Authors: Rizal A , Gautama B G , Pranowo W S , Farhan A R , Siong K , Harjono M R , Voisin J B , Maes C , Dobler D , Berlianty D , Priyono B , Dufau C , Lucas M , Fauny O , Rahmania R
Published: December 2021

Plastic litter had become world major concerned since 2015 and Indonesia had been placed as the second contributor after China. Around 200,000 metric tons of plastic wastes discharged from Indonesia rivers mainly from Java and Sumatra Islands every year. This surge of waste then become a serious threat to ocean and coastal ecosystem, as well as marine biota conservation in Indonesia. Therefore, it is very important to study the seasonal pattern of marine debris and monitor the dispersion within Indonesian water in near real time. By year 2020, an initiative action has been taken by The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia. More than 20 drifters were released on 3 selected rivers’ mouth in Indonesia namely Cisadane, Bengawan Solo and Musi. Results indicated that marine debris are drifted away, influenced by wind and current from time to time. The simulation will forecast the time and location where the marine debris expected to traverse and stranded in each season. This information will be ve ry important to provide the baseline information of marine debris movement, locally and even beyond of Indonesian. Also, it will improve the mitigation, better coordinative action plan and encouraging further marine debris research in Indonesia.
A numerical study of submarine–landslide–generated tsunami and its propagation in Majene, West Sulawesi
Authors: Khoirunnisa H , Karima S , Gumbira G , Rachman R A
Published: December 2021

On 14th January 2021, there was a devastating earthquake (Mw 6.2) hit Mamuju and Majene, West Sulawesi, Indonesia at 18.28 UTC. According to National Disaster Management Authority, this event causes 84 casualties and 279 houses were damaged. The Sulawesi Island is situated in a very complex tectonic region, there are several thrusts and faults along the area such as Majene Thrust, Palu-Karo Thrust, Matano Fault, and Tolo Thrust that can lead to tectonic activities. One of the largest earthquakes was a 7.9 Mw in 1997 generated from North Sulawesi Megathrust that caused a catastrophic tsunami. Moreover, there were 9 tsunami events in the Makassar Strait from the year 1800 to 1999. In this research, three different scenarios of the tsunami in Majene were applied to obtain the tsunami elevation. Makassar Strait could be potentially generated tsunami wave from submarine landslides due to its steep bathymetry that will impact the coastline at Sulawesi and Kalimantan, so it is necessary to model the tsunami propagation using submarine landslide as the tsunami generation. The volume of submarine landslide had been used in tsunami submarine landslide modelling as an input. Those are included the height, width and length of the submarine landslide volume. Furthermore, the domain bathymetry was obtained from National Bathymetry (BatNas) with spacing grid of 300 m × 300 m. The submarine landslide coordinate is also needed as a source of tsunami at 2.98°S and 118.94°E. The slide angle and slope angle are also inputted in this modelling with three experimental volumes, namely 1 km3, 0.8 km3, and 0.5 km3. This submarine landslide tsunami modelling used the Non-Hydrostatic WAVE Model (NHWAVE) method to obtain tsunami wave generation. The result from NHWAVE model will be used for initial elevation of tsunami wave propagation using the Fully Nonlinear Boussinesq wave model - Total Variation Diminishing (FUNWAVE - TVD) method. The highest initial tsunami elevation value at each observation point obtained from the NHWAVE model occurred at point 18 (the closest location to the earthquake source), which is around 0.4 –1.2 m. The FUNWAVE simulation result is the tsunami wave propagation for 180 minutes later. In the 180th minute, the tsunami wave was still propagating towards the north of Sulawesi Island to the east of Kalimantan Island.
Mapping the abrasion on Sederhana Beach, Muara Gembong, Bekasi, West Java province for the coastal mitigation purpose
Authors: Prabawa F Y , Purbani D , Sukoraharjo S S , Jayawiguna M H , Triwibowo H
Published: December 2021

Sederhana Beach is located in the waters of Muara Gembong, Bekasi Regency, West Java Province, northeast part of Jakarta Bay. The observation data in 2018 showed the morphology of the damaged coast and the massive fallen mangrove vegetation. Loss of land and mangrove populations has a major impact on the economic and environmental aspect. How to mitigate the impact of abrasion? This study aims to map the type of sediment, sediment distribution and its depositional environment, to obtain a correlation with the type and direction of currents causing abrasion. The results would become the base for determining the appropriate actions to overcome further abrasion, in an integrated coastal area planning program. Seabed sediments were taken using a grab sampler, megascopic descriptions and analysis of the depositional environment off sediments were held on site. The results are plotted onto a map, to determine the distribution of sediments. Sediment types found are: coarse sand, clay, sandy clay, medium-fine sand, and silt. 75% of the study area is: scattered sandy clay, mostly covering the coastline to the north. This is a common phenomenon because the mainland of research location is dominated by mangrove vegetation. The Coarse sand took 20% of the research location. An interesting phenomenon is: the coarse sand reaches the coast directly adjacent to the mangroves, where 5% of silt is found outside this coarse sand zone. The presence of coarse sand on the shoreline with mangrove vegetation indicates that the main current that triggers abrasion is longshore current, moving parallel to the coastline, namely northeast - southwest. So, the recommended steps that can be taken in mitigating further abrasion at Sederhana Beach is the construction of a current breaking structure that is perpendicular to the coast line
Numerical Analysis of Evacuation Start in Pangandaran
Authors: Sujatmiko K A , Okumura Y
Published: December 2021

Tsunami evacuations plan should consider the behavior of local people. In this study tsunami evacuation start was analyzed using tsunami evacuation simulation consist of evacuee generation and evacuee behavior model. Pangandaran west beach was selected as the target area due to its popularity as a tourist spot and fishery activities in West Java. Evacuation simulations were conducted using 500 evacuations agents with tsunami shelter and grand mosques as goal for the safer place. A total of six evacuation scenarios were made using a different set of evacuation triggers parameter value with the combination of influence weight and effective range. The simulation result indicates that the influence weight which made 57% of people start evacuation immediately after the earthquake happened showed an instantaneous evacuation. Simulation result that was using lower influence weight and lower exposure range showed a more gradual tsunami evacuation. The simulation gave promising results that Pangandaran people could be safely evacuating if they raise their awareness and preparedness. The low-cost simulations that were used in this study provide an insight into the behaviors of Indonesians during disaster evacuation and might use as support for tsunami evacuation planning. However, to produce more satisfactory result we need to conduct field survey and tsunami drill to gain more information of people behavior during tsunami evacuation.
Ocean Response to Tropical Cyclone Seroja at East Nusa Tenggara Waters
Authors: Avrionesti  , Khadami Faruq , Purnaningtyas Dayu W
Published: December 2021

Tropical Cyclone (TC) Seroja is a unique tropical cyclone that has significant impacts along its path, such as floods in East Nusa Tenggara and high waves along the southern coast of Indonesia. Research related to ocean responses to tropical cyclones in Indonesia is still limited due to its rarely occurence in Indonesian waters. The responses of the upper ocean to TC Seroja were investigated using multi-satellite remote sensing of sea surface wind (SSW), sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), and numerical model of mixed layer depth (MLD) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). The SST cooling occurred around the TC Seroja track at 0.5 – 3°C after the storm had passed. During April 3 – 7, 2021, in addition to spatial SST cooling, changes in chlorophyll-a, SSHA, and MLD were also detected. The chlorophyll-a increase to 2.57 mg/m3 and SSHA reached -10 cm. Thus, the MLD was deeper around the eye of the storm during the cyclone and became uniform after the storm passed. These characteristics indicate the upwelling phenomenon induced by the cyclone.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) compound in sea-water of Cimandiri river estuary, Pelabuhan Ratu
Authors: Edward  , Helfinalis  , Rugebregt M J , Opier R D A
Published: December 2021

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) is a polycyclic aromatic organic compound that is toxic to humans and aquatic organisms. This research aims to determine the level of pollution of PAHs compounds in seawater at the estuary of Cimandiri River, Pelabuhan Ratu. This research was conducted in April 2017 by survey method. Seawater samples were taken using a water sampler at 15 research stations. The levels and types of PAHs compounds were determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), and PAHs sources with individual ratios diagnose. The results showed that seawater in the Cimandiri River Estuary still relatively low from contamination of PAH compounds. The type of PAH in seawater at the estuary of the Cimandiri River is dominated by low molecular weight naphthalene compound. PAH contained in seawater at the estuary of the Cimandiri River possibly comes from various sources, likely oil spills, burning petroleum, and combustion of organic compounds. PAH content in seawater of Cimandiri River estuary relatively small and still within the criteria for marine organism life state by The State Ministry Office for Life Environment.
Calculation of specific rates of the electric energy consumption at frequency regulation of electric drives: A case study of pumping stations
Authors: Kamalov T , Isakov A , Shavazov A , Elmuratova A , Tukhtamishev B
Published: December 2021

The issues of developing a methodology for calculating the specific rates of electrical energy consumption during frequency regulation of electric drives of pumping stations are considered. When calculating specific consumption rates, experimental studies were carried out at the Chirchik pumping station. When developing the methodology, technological, design parameters, water consumption, as well as the total capacity of pumping units based on frequency-controlled electric drives are taken into account. At the same time, the characteristics of the main parameters that must be taken into account when choosing variable frequency drives for pumping units are determined.
Hydrolysis of wheat straw hemicelluloses for maximum xylose extraction
Authors: Makhatov Zh , Yelemanova Zh , Aitkulova R , Narymbayeva Z , Dairabayeva A , Doltayeva B , Torlanova B , Arystanbaev K
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to select reaction conditions for hydrolysis of wheat straw with dilute sulfuric acid for maximum xylose extraction under mild conditions (at atmospheric pressure and temperature of 100°C). The authors found that maximum glucose yield (72.4-77.1 weight % of the initial content of hemicelluloses in wheat straw) is achieved at a concentration of H2SO4 2-3 weight % and the hydrolysis process duration of 5 hours. Analysis of the obtained hydrolysates showed that they contain cellulose (56.8-70.4 weight %), lignin (19.8-28.8 weight %) and hemicelluloses (2.8-15.3 weight %).
Major trends characterizing solar energy development in Uzbekistan
Authors: Mirzabaev A , Isakov A , Soliev O , Makhkamova M , Kodirov D
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the main trends in the development of solar energy in Uzbekistan. It also describes various schemes for powering deep-water pumps using PV power plants and analyzes the payback period of small autonomous (off-grid) solar systems.
Assessment of the impact of the main technological characteristics of wells on the power consumption of pumps
Authors: Khushiev S , Ishnazarov O , Izzatillaev J , Juraev S , Karakulov Sh
Published: December 2021

The issue of assessing the impact of the main technological characteristics of wells on the power consumption of pumps is one of the important issues. Based on the analysis of the data obtained in the article, the electric energy consumption of the well pump device the rotational speed of the pump (co); the density of the solution (liquid) (p); the pressure generated by the pump (H); the performance of the pump aggregate (q); depth of the well (H); hydrodynamic resistance (dp); Also, on the basis of the STATISTICA program, the calculation work is carried out, the binding function of the pumps is determined to what extent the factor affects the electricity consumption, and is described in the Pareto diagram.
Development of a laboratory nozzle chamber installation for the humidification of buildings
Authors: Isakhodjayev Kh , Mukhtarov F , Kodirov D , Toshpulatov I
Published: December 2021

The nozzle chamber, in which water is sprayed into the air stream using mechanical nozzles, is the main unit for these processes in central air conditioning systems (AHUs). The types of nozzles used do not have a sufficiently high effect of interfacial surface forming due to increased metal usage and the broad total dimensions of certain chambers, i.e., they do not have intensive heat and mass transfer. The authors performed testing of the apparatus in the direct iso-enthalpic air cooling mode to improve the performance of the nozzle chamber. Thus, the experiments conducted confirm the relatively high efficiency of FET operation at small values of irrigation coefficient B ≥ 1.0. The area highlighted is characterised by the unstable operation of other nozzle types. Therefore, FET nozzles can be operated at irrigation factor values B = 0.1…1.0. Experiments have shown that this equation is applicable for practical calculations, with a relative error of ±6.7%. The aerodynamic resistance of the spray chamber nozzle chambers is also according to the data not exceeding 160 Pa.
Modeling and simulation of water levels control in open canals using Simulink
Authors: Baratov R , Bon T , Chulliyev Y , Shoyimov Yu , Abdullayev M
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses the question of modeling and simulation of water levels control in open canals as a key decition of water and energy resources scarsity in the vegetation period of agricultural irrigation. The mathematical model of the water levels control in open canals is developed and the outcomes are evaluated using by Matlab’s tool Simulink. In addition, the paper proposes that the pivot weir or overshot gate for water levels control in open canals is simple in terms of precise and quality control of the upstream and downstream water levels control. Then dynamic equation of control object that describes dynamic state of the water levels control was obtained. A functional diagram has been developed and PID control was applied for the water levels control in the open canals. PID control was applied for the water levels control in the open canals to know how faster response the object to disturbance. Based on functional diagram the model of the system was built in Simulink environment and obtained the dynamic response.
Justification of prospective pistachio (pistacia vera l.) varieties and forms while creating plantations in Uzbekistan
Authors: Kayimov A , Kholmurotov M Z , Eshankulov B I
Published: December 2021

This article presents the results of research on the study of the qualitative properties of the fruits of selected promising pistachio forms. When creating pistachio plantations, it is recommended to use varieties with different periods of flowering and fruit ripening. This arrangement reduces the likelihood of damage to the pistachio flowers by spring frosts, increases the chances of pollination and ensures that the harvest is carried out in stages. For the creation of plantations in forestry, promising forms 518-G, 521-G, 527-SH, 528-G, 52-RG, 21-SH and 59-G are recommended as the most productive, large-fruited and resistant to adverse environmental factors, and also pests.
Several features of growing Colchicum autumnale l. in the urban environment of Tashkent-Uzbekistan
Authors: Kaysarov V T , Akhmedov E T
Published: December 2021

For the first time, the collection of autumn colchicum was created at the experimental field site of the Tashkent State Agrarian University. In this paper, the issues of growing conditions for the growth and development of Colchicum autumnale l plant were deeply studied and investigated. It was revealed that the Colchicum autumnale l growth and development largely depend on the size of the corm and the type of soil conditions.
Efficiency of choosing promising walnut forms in the case of Uzbekistan
Authors: Hamroev H F , Mashrapov KH T , Shaymatov O A , Tulaev D B
Published: December 2021

Walnut (Juglans regia L) is one of the most important tree species in Uzbekistan. Natural walnuts have a valuable gene pool, among which there are many forms with different bioecological properties. In particular, biodiversity in terms of kernel quality is highly variable within the species. This article provides information on the analysis of quality indicators of walnut kernels in natural and local nuts. Among the indicators of kernel quality in the selected forms, the yield of walnut kernels was of high importance as the main indicator, and in the selected forms this indicator was 38.2-63.3. According to international indicators, Parkent-2, Boysun-1 and Humson-5 forms are recommended for wide use, given that the form with a yield rate of more than 50% is promising.
Analysis of external features and live weight of woolly-meaty sheep (ovis aries)
Authors: Shoyusupov B B , Ruzibayev N R , Soatov U R , Shoymurodov N T
Published: December 2021

This article addressed the development and the growth of offspring, the external characteristics and the productivity at different breeding periods of woolly-meaty sheep of Uzbekistan. It was observed that wool productivity was higher in sheep rich in wool-meat than ordinary sheep; sheared wool was 1.26 kg (49.6%), after washing it was 0.97 kg (67.8%), wool length was 2.13 (19.2%) higher. Live weights of lambs from ewes in the experimental groups were determined at birth, at 30 days of age, and 3 months of age. From September 1 to September 20 of the year, the live weight, body size and wool productivity of early inseminated ewes were higher than those of inseminated ewes from late October to November 10. The live weight of lambs obtained from artificially inseminated sheep with frozen semen of typical rams in world gene pool considered semi-fine wool in the meat-wool direction was higher than sheep naturally inseminated with pedigree rams. Accordingly, it was heavier by 00.4 kg (9.3%) at the first day of birth, followed by 0.5 kg (6.8%) at 10 days, and 0.4 kg (1.3%) at 3 months of age.
Study on the influence of the cotton storage process on the quality indicators of fiber and yarn
Authors: Jumaniyazov Q , Ismatova M , Abbazov I , Kazakova D
Published: December 2021

This article defines fiber quality indicators that differ in laboratory conditions from the upper, middle and lower layers of Bukhara-6 breeding varieties of cotton, in the modern system HVI 1000 SA. Based on the results of the study, histograms of changes in the quality of cotton fiber in the layers of the harem are presented. As an alternative, the quality indicators of yarn obtained in the laboratory spinning device “Sherli” of small size from fiber were determined. As can be seen from the analysis of the test results, it was found that the comparative elongation strength of cotton obtained from the lower layer of the stack, the upper average length, elongation at break, the light output coefficient, decreased compared to other layers of the stack, on the contrary, the index of hip fibers, increased, decreased compared to other layers of the stack. In addition, according to the results of the tests obtained, the fiber viscosity index was obtained – the correlation between the properties of fibers and the properties of yarn, the thread viscosity index was estimated by the CSP (COUNT STRENGTH PRODUKT) coefficient, which was determined by the formula for carded yarn obtained in the laboratory spinning device “Sherli” from fiber stored in the refrigerator. The obtained results showed that the relationship between fiber properties and yarn properties due to the fact that the maturity index of a thread is at the top of the stack compared to the middle and lower part of the stack.
The influence of planting schemes, norms and inoculants on the yield of new soybean varieties
Authors: Kuldashov B , Khalilova L , Khalilov N , Khamzayev A
Published: December 2021

In this article, data about the new native variety of Nafis and variety of Selekta-302 is described which was brought from Krasnodar region of the Russian Federation in the conditions of irrigated meadow-gray soils of Samarkand region, seed germination in field conditions, storage, growth, development, productivity, yield composition, the optimal planting schemes, norms have been identified and recommended for implementation. In the second experiment, in the conditions of irrigated meadow-gray soils, local Nafis variety and Selekta-302 variety of Krasnodar regions included in the State Register, imported strains of Bradyrhizobium japonica endogenous bacteria produced in our republic and aboriginal populations bacterium present in local soil. The results of the study on the effect of inoculants studied and their effect on plant development, the number and weight dynamics of stems formed in plant roots, crop structure, yield, weight of 1000 seeds, as well as their effectiveness are described.
Study on the breeding ginkgo (ginkgo biloba l.) in Tashkent oasis
Authors: Gafurdjanov B , Berdiev E , Xoliyorov U
Published: December 2021

This article presents the results of research on the biochemical composition of green and yellowing leaves of 64-year-old bipedal ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) seed and pollen trees growing in the Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, introduced to Uzbekistan in the last century. Biochemical analyzes recorded the presence of 6 types of vitamins and 44 macro- and micronutrients in the leaves of the ginkgo tree. Vitamin C levels were found to be lower in the seed tree than in the pollen tree. The amount was 35.8 mg/% in the green leaves of the seed tree and 34.4 mg/% in the yellowed leaves. Ginkgo leaves contain important macro-and micronutrients such as Ca, Mg, K, Al, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, I, Se, which are necessary for the vital activity of the human body and normal metabolism. The green leaves of the two-leafed ginkgo pollen tree contained 27577.288 mg/l of calcium, 11562.299 mg/l of potassium, the leaves of the seed tree 13912.903 mg/l of calcium and 7491.462 mg/l of potassium. At the same time, the green leaves of ginkgo contain 3073.807 mg/l – 7977.459 mg/l magnesium, 4353.72-5003.88 mg/l phosphorus, 501.073-515.343 mg/l sodium, 779.750 mg/l– the presence of silicon in the amount of 844.039 mg/l and iron in the amount of 373.023 mg/l – 655.148 mg/l was determined.
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Extracts of Combretum quadrangulare Kurz Leaves Grown in An Giang Province, Vietnam
Authors: Ngoc Q N , Minh T N , Van M L , Ph Hoang D , Trung Th N
Published: December 2021

Combretum quadrangulare leaves are an important herbal in traditional Vietnamese medicine due to their ability to cure various diseases and improve health. This study provided the investigation results of different organic solvents that affected the chemical composition, the extraction of polyphenol and flavonoid content, the antioxidant activity of Combretum quadrangulare extract obtained through the maceration method. Several classes of constituents in the extract of Combretum quadrangulare leaves were detected including flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, etc. The ethanol extract had the highest polyphenol content found at 18.45 ± 0.12 mg GAE/g extract. The diethyl ether leaves extract observed the highest falonoid with a value of 21.19 ± 0.05 mg QE/g in. The antioxidant activities were shown through the IC50 values of 1514.50 ± 25.65 µg/ml (DPPH) and 685.15 ± 8.58 µg/ml (ABTS), individually.
Study on the development of a machine to prepare the soil for cotton sowing on ridges
Authors: Mamatov F , Mirzaev B , Toshtemirov S , Hamroyev O , Razzaqov T , Avazov I
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to create a combined machine for planning the soil for sowing cotton on the edges. A total for the execution of the innovation of planning the soil for sowing cotton on the edges was developed, which comprises of a dump deep-dredger with a slanted rack and a comb-maker. The essential standards and strategies of classical mechanics, numerical examination and measurements were utilized in this paper. The plan conspire of the combined unit is advocated. The following results were obtained from the outcomes of multivariate tests set up: the width of the ripper within the extend of 10.5-11.03 cm, the disintegrating point of 27°, the point of establishment of the plowshare edge to the heading of movement of 31°. The arrangement of edges of the desired degree with negligible vitality utilization is given with a width and length of the deep-dredger bit, separately, of 5 and 20 cm, edge hold width of 21 cm, the length of its wing within the run of 47-49 cm, and a least longitudinal.
Study on the development of improved routing technology of CC-15A cotton separator
Authors: Khodjiev M T , Eshmurodov D D , Ortiqova D A
Published: December 2021

The present article examines the existing problems in pneumo-transporters. It also presents advantages of the proposed improved model and the results of research on the Uster HVI 1000 laboratory equipment with high average length, uniformity index in length, short fiber index. The ability to maximize the natural properties of the products and significantly extend the service life of the separator design through this improved device has been proven on the basis of theoretical and practical analysis.
Scientific basis of appropriate sowing of wheat varieties on irrigated land of Uzbekistan
Authors: Makhammatova M , Ashurov M , Tursoatov S , Fayzullaev A
Published: December 2021

In the irrigated lands of Tashkent province, regionalized wheat varieties are usually planted at a rate of 250 kg/ha, but it would be possible to increase yields and grain quality if a scientifically based optimal sowing rate was recommended for each variety. Another opportunity to increase wheat yields in the region is the development of seed production. Numerous studies and practices have shown that it is possible to increase wheat yields by 20-25 by sowing wheat seeds. In this regard, the most pressing issue is to increase the level of seed germination. In this article, it is important to study the scientifically based sowing norms, physiological maturation of seeds, and their impact on yield and grain quality in order to take full advantage of the potential of regionalized varieties of wheat in irrigated lands. The determination of the most optimal planting norms, taking into account their biological properties, is based on research.
Effects of certain mineral fertilizers on the biological mass of Indigofera Tinctoria and Impatiens Balsamina plants
Authors: Ayasov Kh G , Akhmedov E , Khidirov S
Published: December 2021

The article describes the effect of mineral fertilizers on the cultivation of dyed Indigofera (Indigofera tinctoria L.) and henna (Impatiens balsamina L), the amount of their application and the ratio of basic nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) related. It has been established that the adequate development of Indigofera and henna plants depends on the ratio of mineral fertilizers used.
Study on knitted filled knits for fruit juice filtering
Authors: Yunusova Z G , Kh Rakhimov F , Kh Zhabiev M
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the essence of the formation of knitted filled filter cloths, in which the mass fraction of the filler exceeds more than 50% of the total surface density. The new method was tested in the production environment of the ‘Gani Rakhimov Ishonch’ enterprise (Samarkand) by modernizing the existing equipment, and also a pilot batch of products and final products were produced for filtering fruit juices.