bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-packing cooling and types of packages in maintaining physiological quality of soybean seeds during storage
Authors: Carvalho Everson Reis , Oliveira João Almir , Mavaieie Denilson Paulo da Rosa , Silva Hellismar Wakson da , Lopes Cassiano Gabriel Moreira
Published: June 2016

Abstract: Seeds storing under appropriate conditions reduces the speed of the seeds deterioration process. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-packing cooling and types of packages in the maintenance of the physiological quality of soybean seeds during storage. The completely randomized experimental design was used, with four replications, considering a factorial arrangement involving or not the pre-packing cooling of the seed mass, three types of packages (multi-layer paper bag, big bag, and polyethylene container), and five storing periods (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). The physiological quality was evaluated by the tests of first germination count, germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, emergence speed index and emergence. The use of packages with larger amount of seeds (big bag and polyethylene container) did not favor the maintenance of the pre-packing cooling temperature. The types of packages did not show significant differences in the seeds viability during storage, up to eight months, regardless the pre-packing cooling. The cultivars seeds showed different tolerance to storing, i.e. seeds of the cultivar TMG 1176 had lower storing potential comparing to the seeds from the cultivar SYN 9074.
Physiological response of cotton seeds treated with thiamethoxam under heat stress
Authors: Lauxen Luciana Regina , Almeida Andréia da Silva , Deuner Cristiane , Meneghello Géri Eduardo , Villela Francisco Amaral
Published: June 2016

Abstract: This study aimed to verify the effect of seeds treated with thiamethoxam on the emergence, growth and chlorophyll content of seedlings of two cotton cultivars subjected to abiotic stress. The seeds used were from the DeltaOpal and NuOpal cultivars, each one represented by three lots, previously subjected to determination of moisture content, germination and vigor (low temperature germination). Then, the seeds from each lot, treated with thiamethoxam at a dose of 600 mL of product per 100 kg-1 seed or not, were exposed to temperature (18, 25 and 35 °C) and water availability (40, 60 and 80%) stress conditions. The emergence percentage, the root and shoot length, and the chlorophyll content were evaluated. The growth of cotton seedlings from the DeltaOpal and NuOpal cultivars, subjected to low temperature conditions and water availability of 40 to 60%, is favored by seed treatment with thiamethoxam. Seed treatment with thiamethoxam increases chlorophyll content during the development of cotton plants.
Methods for priming maize seeds
Authors: Pallaoro Dryelle Sifuentes , Camili Elisangela Clarete , Guimarães Sebastião Carneiro , Albuquerque Maria Cristina de Figueiredo e
Published: June 2016

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluated different methodologies and water potentials for priming of maize seeds, in order to increase vigor. The experiment was carried out following a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme 4x3+1, with four water potentials (0.0, -0.4, -0.8 and -1.2 MPa), three priming methods (immersion in non-aerated solution, immersion in aerated solution, paper roll) and a control. After priming, the seeds were dried and evaluated for water content, percentage and first germination count, seedlings length and dry mass, cold test and vigor index. The water potential recommended for priming maize seeds, in polyethylene glycol 6000 is -0.4 MPa for 24 hours. The priming procedures in towel paper rolls improve the quality of maize seeds.
Integração entre planejamento do uso do solo e de recursos hídricos: a disponibilidade hídrica como critério para a localização de empreendimentos
Authors: Montaño Marcelo , Souza Marcelo Pereira de
Published: June 2016

RESUMO: Na medida em que a disponibilidade de recursos hídricos, tanto em termos de quantidade quanto em termos de qualidade e tempo de recorrência, constitui um fator cada vez mais relevante ao desenvolvimento econômico e social, existe a necessidade de se voltar a atenção do planejamento para a sustentabilidade dos recursos hídricos, atuando principalmente de forma preventiva sobre a gestão da demanda. O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta metodológica que permite incluir a avaliação da disponibilidade dos recursos hídricos, em termos qualiquantitativos, em um processo de planejamento territorial. O trabalho pretende, fundamentalmente, despertar o debate sobre a necessidade de incluir, nas etapas iniciais dos processos de tomada de decisão, uma avaliação relativa à capacidade de atendimento, por parte dos recursos hídricos, às solicitações decorrentes do desenvolvimento territorial. A utilização da metodologia apresentada mostra-se potencialmente útil durante um processo de planejamento do uso dos recursos hídricos. Uma vez agregada ao processo de planejamento da ocupação do território, estaria se oferecendo aos tomadores de decisão uma valiosa contribuição no sentido de orientá-los para uma decisão adequada e esclarecida, que considera a avaliação da capacidade de suporte do recurso hídrico como um fator primordial a ser observado durante o planejamento.
Trends in corrected lung cancer mortality rates in Brazil and regions
Authors: Malta Deborah Carvalho , Abreu Daisy Maria Xavier de , Moura Lenildo de , Lana Gustavo C , Azevedo Gulnar , França Elisabeth
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the trend in cancer mortality rates in Brazil and regions before and after correction for underreporting of deaths and redistribution of ill-defined and nonspecific causes. METHODS The study used data of deaths from lung cancer among the population aged from 30 to 69 years, notified to the Mortality Information System between 1996 and 2011, corrected for underreporting of deaths, non-registered sex and age , and causes with ill-defined or garbage codes according to sex, age, and region. Standardized rates were calculated by age for raw and corrected data. An analysis of time trend in lung cancer mortality was carried out using the regression model with autoregressive errors. RESULTS Lung cancer in Brazil presented higher rates among men compared to women, and the South region showed the highest death risk in 1996 and 2011. Mortality showed a trend of reduction for males and increase for women. CONCLUSIONS Lung cancer in Brazil presented different distribution patterns according to sex, with higher rates among men and a reduction in the mortality trend for men and increase for women.
Methylphenidate as a cognitive enhancer in healthy young people
Authors: Batistela Silmara , Bueno Orlando Francisco Amodeo , Vaz Leonardo José , Galduróz José Carlos Fernandes
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT The so-called cognitive enhancers have been widely and increasingly used by healthy individuals who seek improvements in cognitive performance despite having no pathologies. One drug used for this purpose is methylphenidate, a first-line drug for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objective: The aim of the present study was to test the effect of acute administration of varying doses of methylphenidate (10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg and placebo) on a wide range of cognitive functions in healthy young people. Methods: A total of 36 young university students and graduates participated in the study. The participants underwent tests of attention and of episodic, and working memory. Results: No differences in performance were observed on any of the tests. There was a dose-dependent (40 mg > placebo) effect on self-reported wellbeing. Conclusions: According to the recent literature, psychostimulant medications, such as methylphenidate, improve performance when cognitive processes are below an optimal level, which was not the case for the subjects of the present study. We suggest the impression that methylphenidate enhances cognitive performance in healthy young people, justifying its use, may be due to improvements in subjective wellbeing promoted by the drug.
Psychosis and concurrent impulse control disorder in Parkinson's disease: A review based on a case report
Authors: Guedes Bruno Fukelmann , Gonçalves Marcia Rubia , Cury Rubens Gisbert
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT Psychosis, impulse control disorders (e.g., pathological gambling and hypersexuality) and repetitive behaviors such as punding are known psychiatric complications of Parkinson's disease (PD). Impulsive, compulsive and repetitive behaviors are strongly associated with dopamine-replacement therapy. We present the case of a 58-year-old man with PD and a myriad of psychiatric symptoms. Concurrent psychosis, punding and pathological gambling developed more than six years after the introduction of pramipexole and ceased shortly after the addition of quetiapine and discontinuation of pramipexole. This report emphasizes the importance of monitoring for a wide array of psychiatric symptoms in patients on dopamine replacement therapy.
Memory training and benefits for quality of life in the elderly: A case report
Authors: Assed Mariana Medeiros , Carvalho Martha Kortas Hajjar Veiga de , Rocca Cristiana Castanho de Almeida , Serafim Antonio de Pádua
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT Studies emphasize the training of cognitive functions to decrease losses in the population. Memory training associated with neurotracker was performed by an 80-year-old man with memory complaints. A battery for measuring memory, quality of life and stress was initially applied and showed low scores. The patient underwent a program for stimulating memory and attention comprising 32 sessions (2 weekly sessions of 90 minutes each). The post-test follow-up showed improvements in the process of storage and retrieval of episodic and working memory, greater use of strategies, faster information processing speed, as well as reduction in complaints and positive impact on quality of life. The results suggest that the use of Neurotracker for training cognitive processes is valid for cognitive rehabilitation programs to promote improvements in quality of life in the elderly.
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation: A case report
Authors: Nassif Daniel , Pereira João Santos , Spitz Mariana , Capitão Cláudia , Faria Alessandra
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in the PANK2 gene. It is characterized by abnormal brain iron accumulation, mainly in the globus pallidus. PKAN is included in a group of disorders known as neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). We report a case of atypical PKAN with its most characteristic presentation, exhibiting marked psychiatric symptoms, speech disorder and focal dystonia. Brain MRI has great diagnostic importance in this group of disorders and, in this case, disclosed the eye-of-the-tiger sign. Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis.
Influence of land-use on structural and functional macroinvertebrate composition communities associated on detritus in Subtropical Atlantic Forest streams
Authors: Hepp Luiz Ubiratan , Urbim Frederico Machado , Tonello Gabriela , Loureiro Rafael Chaves , Sausen Tanise Luisa , Fornel Rodrigo , Restello Rozane Maria
Published: June 2016

Abstract Aim Our aim in this study was to evaluate the effects of land use in drainage basins of the streams on the taxonomic and functional composition of aquatic invertebrate communities associated in leaf litter. Methods We evaluated the colonisation of invertebrates in the incubated plant debris in streams with presence and absence of riparian vegetation and different land-uses in the drainage area. We used the litter bags approach. Results The taxonomic and functional composition invertebrate associated with leaf litter ranged between streams. In addition, streams with presence of vegetation showed less variation taxonomic and functional composition communities. Still, the density of shredders invertebrates were lower in streams without vegetation. Conclusions The riparian vegetation is an important environmental factor in the composition of invertebrates. However, the land-use throughout the drainage basin should be considered as relevant factor in structuring aquatic biota.
Environmental drivers of the benthic macroinvertebrates community in a hypersaline estuary (Northeastern Brazil)
Authors: Medeiros Carlinda Railly Ferreira , Costa Annyelle Kelly da Silva , Lima Caroline Stefani da Silva , Oliveira Jacicleide Macedo , Cavalcanti Júnior Marcos Medeiros , Silva Maxciell Ricardo Azevedo da , Gouveia Rafaela Santos Dias , Melo José Iranildo Miranda de , Dias Thelma Lúcia Pereira , Molozzi Joseline
Published: June 2016

Abstract Introduction The estuarine community of benthic macroinvertebrates spatially varies in response to changes in environmental variables in these ecosystems. Understanding this variability helps our understanding the mechanisms structuring these communities. Aim Assess the structural aspects of the benthic macroinvertebrate community in a hypersaline estuary, and to relate to environmental variables that influence the community structure along the estuary. Methods The study was conducted at Tubarão river estuary in May 2015. We sampled two estuarine areas (upper and lower), and in each zone were sampled six points composed of two replicas, one sampled in sandy bottom and the other in muddy bottom. Samples of benthic macroinvertebrates and estuarine environmental variables were collected. Environmental drivers of the benthic macroinvertebrate community were determined by Distance-based Linear Models analysis. The contribution of individual species to the dissimilarity between the areas and substrate types were determined by analysis of the percentage of similarity. Results The composition of benthic macroinvertebrate community differed between the upper and lower areas, although it was similar between the muddy and sandy bottoms. The variation in the benthic community between areas was mainly related to the influence of salinity in the upper area. In the lower area, the variation of the macroinvertebrates was related to salinity, associated with other variables in the sandy (temperature, turbidity and dissolved oxygen) and muddy (temperature, total dissolved solids and dissolved oxygen) substrates. Taxa which contributed most to the dissimilarity between the upper and lower areas were Nereididae (17.89%), Anomalocardia brasiliana (15%) and Cirratulidae (10.43%). Conclusions Salinity was the main driver of the structural aspects of the benthic macroinvertebrate community in the upper area of the estuary, although in the lower area a set of variables have structured benthic macroinvertebrates in the hypersaline estuary studied. In addition, the largest mangrove cover and less influence of the tide, may have favored the greater abundance of macroinvertebrates in the upper area.
Limnology of an integrated cage-pond aquaculture farm
Authors: Sipaúba-Tavares Lúcia Helena , Millan Rodrigo Ney , Milstein Ana
Published: June 2016

Abstract Aim Examining whether small-scale tilapia cages have a potential influence on water abiotic parameters in a pond of a flow-through system. Methods Tilapia cages were installed near the pond water outlet. Samples for determination of abiotic parameters were monthly collected during eight months at five sampling sites: near three inlets receiving effluents from other fishponds (IW12, IW6 and IWM, the latter opening in a macrophyte bed), close to the cages in the open-pond (CC) and close to the water outlet (WO). The data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results The first PCA axis (70% of the data variability) was related to eutrophication and the second axis (20%) to the dependence of nitrifying bacteria on substrate availability. The sampling sites IW12, CC and WO showed high eutrophication levels. The lowest total phosphorus content, total suspended solids, hardness, alkalinity and conductivity and the highest dissolved oxygen were observed in the macrophyte bed area (IWM). Fish cages significantly increased total phosphorus content, conductivity, alkalinity and hardness in relation to the macrophyte bed inlet. Water outlet abiotic parameters were similar to near cage water. Conclusion The integrated cage-pond technology may be utilized in flow-through systems if incoming water quality (mainly in the site W12) is improved. Cages should be positioned closer to the pond center where it is deeper allowing higher flow-through and dispersion of uneaten feed residues and feces from the cages. This would avoid their deposition beneath cages and reduce their negatives influence on water quality entering the next fishpond (WO), and therefore not impair fish performance.
Can a one-sampling campaign produce robust results for water quality monitoring? A case of study in Itupararanga reservoir, SP, Brazil
Authors: Beghelli Frederico Guilherme de Souza , Pompêo Marcelo Luiz Martins , Páscoli Mônica , Lira Vivian Silva , Lima Renata de , Moschini-Carlos Viviane
Published: June 2016

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to conduct a rapid and comprehensive analysis of the reservoir using physical, chemical and biological variables comprising water and sediment as also to verify if a one-sampling campaign can produce information that is robust enough for monitoring purposes. Methods One-sampling campaign was performed along the central body of Itupararanga reservoir comprising five sampling points. The following physico-chemical and biological variables were measured in each of them from water samples: temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen, electric conductivity, suspended matter, total nitrogen and phosphorus and fecal coliforms. A genotoxicity assay with Allium cepa was also performed with water from each one of the five sampling points. As a complement, the phytoplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates communities were also analyzed in the two most distant sampling points (P1 and P5). Results Results indicate a scenario with eutrophication and toxicity. High concentrations of fecal coliforms were recorded and there is a worrying prevalence of cyanobacteria - potential toxin producers - in phytoplankton community. Benthic macroinvertebrates analysis suggests poor quality of the water and sediments. Genotoxicity tests suggest the presence of toxic substances along the waterbody. Conclusions It is concluded that Itupararanga reservoir has water with poor quality that could be related to the land uses around the reservoir. The comprehensive approach performed here - where distinct sources of monitoring variables was considered - despite the rapid protocol (one campaign), was enough to respond to the distinct anthropic impacts received by the reservoir. Considering it, this approach is recommended as a rapid diagnostic tool.
Inter-annual variability on the water quality in the Lower São Francisco River (NE-Brazil)
Authors: Medeiros Paulo Ricardo Petter , Cavalcante Geórgenes Hilário , Brandini Nilva , Knoppers Bastiaan Adriaan
Published: June 2016

Abstract: Aim This study characterized the water quality in the lower São Francisco River (NE-Brazil).This research represents the first work to be carried out in the lower sector of the São Francisco river aiming to quantify and compare limnological variables, during three different years (2001, 2004 and 2007). Methods Water samples were collected in a transversal section of the river at monthly intervals period on surface layer. Temperature, conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were obtained using a multiparameter probe YSI-6600. The dissolved inorganic nutrients (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved phosphorus and silicates), chlorophyll-a and total suspended sediment (TSS) were also determined. Results The three hydrological years showed differences in precipitation rates and discharge conditions. The year 2001 had precipitation rates below the historical series of rainfall. The mean annual water temperature showed negligible differences among the three years. Dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations were highest in 2004, with ammonia and nitrate differing statistically between the years (p<0.05); the later showed the largest concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Chlorophyll-a showed a slight difference among years. Conclusions Precipitation intensity has a direct impact on the São Francisco River discharge, but the geographical distribution of the precipitation is also a determinant factor for alterations of the chemical and physical characteristics of the water that reaches the lower sector of the São Francisco River.
The Current State of Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Mehrotra Rajnish , Devuyst Olivier , Davies Simon J. , Johnson David W.
Published: June 2016

Technical innovations in peritoneal dialysis (PD), now used widely for the long-term treatment of ESRD, have significantly reduced therapy-related complications, allowing patients to be maintained on PD for longer periods. Indeed, the survival rate for patients treated with PD is now equivalent to that with in-center hemodialysis. In parallel, changes in public policy have spurred an unprecedented expansion in the use of PD in many parts of the world. Meanwhile, our improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in solute and water transport across the peritoneum and of the pathobiology of structural and functional changes in the peritoneum with long-term PD has provided new targets for improving efficiency and for intervention. As with hemodialysis, almost half of all deaths on PD occur because of cardiovascular events, and there is great interest in identifying modality-specific factors contributing to these events. Notably, tremendous progress has been made in developing interventions that substantially reduce the risk of PD-related peritonitis. Yet the gains have been unequal among individual centers, primarily because of unequal clinical application of knowledge gained from research. The work to date has further highlighted the areas in need of innovation as we continue to strive to improve the health and outcomes of patients treated with PD.
Enhancing Historical Reasoning: A Strategy Including Formative Assessment with Systematic Continuous Feedback
Authors: Mendez Lozano Sergio Manuel , Tirado Segura Felipe
Published: June 2016

Learning History promotes students’ reasoning. According to Van Drie & Van Boxtel (2008), historical reasoning involves six elements: substantive concepts, metaconcepts, asking historical questions, using sources, contextualization, and argumentation. Although there are didactic strategies that promote historical reasoning, these do not include systematic continuous feedback using rubrics, which can be useful both in assessing and promoting students’ progress and progression of ideas on metaconcepts. This study described the development of the six historical reasoning elements in a strategy that included formative assessment for K8 students. A case study was carried out in Mexico City: four teams of three students were formed according to their knowledge of history, with a single History teacher providing continuous systematic feedback on metaconcepts by using graded rubrics. Results showed that the six historical reasoning elements were developed in different ways and suggested possible methods for use in future didactics.
The efficacy of a reading aloud task in the teaching of pronunciation
Authors: Martínez Adrián María
Published: June 2016

Empirical studies have shown that explicit instruction leads to the improvement of perception (e.g. Strange and Dittman 1984; Jamieson and Morosan 1986; Cenoz and García Lecumberri 1999) and oral production (e.g. Couper 2003; Derwing and Munro 2005; Smith and Beckman 2005). Nonetheless, it is necessary to test different types of activities intended for the explicit teaching of pronunciation. This action-research study aims to test the efficacy of a reading aloud task with a noticing and an awareness component in the teaching of pronunciation, and to gauge learners’ beliefs regarding the use of this learning tool. Twenty first-year students of the BA in English Studies at the University of the Basque Country participated in the investigation. Ten written texts were selected by the instructors in order to practice reading aloud for ten weeks. Students went through two phases when doing this task in class: noticing and awareness. They were tested on articulation of sounds, stress placement and intonation through two different texts at two different times. Students were also administered a questionnaire to analyze their opinions regarding the usefulness of this learning task. The assessment of the recordings revealed that learners obtained better means in the case of the second text analyzed. Similarly, the analysis of the responses given to the questionnaire indicated that students considered the reading aloud task a good instrument to improve their pronunciation in English.
Misiones de cohetería experimental con propelente sólido: Misión séneca, cohete Ainkaa 1
Authors: Urrego Peña José Alejandro , Rojas Mora Fabio Arturo
Published: June 2016

Este documento expone la metodología y los resultados obtenidos en el desarrollo de una investigación sistemática, que trata sobre a la implementación de misiones de cohetería experimental. En este proceso se obtuvieron, datos y resultados que permitieron corroborar de forma experimental, conceptos de propulsión, aerodinámica y balística propios de una aeronave tipo cohete sin elementos de control activo a bordo. Para el estudio e implementación de esta misión, se generó un método dividido en etapas por las cuales se guió el desarrollo del proyecto; primero se realizó la etapa de validación y el
diseño preliminar en forma teórica, se continuó con la etapa de simulación, utilizando un software especializado y culminó con la etapa del proceso constructivo y el procedimiento de disparo. La puesta en marcha de esta misión de cohetería experimental permitió alcanzar, propulsado por un combustible tipo “candy” compuesto por nitrato de potasio y sorbitol, un apogeo del cohete Ainkaa 1 de 780 m sobre la superficie de lanzamiento, con una velocidad de impacto de 526 Km/h, un tiempo de quemado de 3.2s entre otros datos, para configurar esta misión dentro de la categoría de alta potencia.
The effects of thinning and girdling on leaf water potential, growth and fruit composition of Ruby Seedless grapevines
Authors: Ezzahouani Aziz , Williams Larry E.
Published: June 2016

A study was conducted to determine the effects of thinning and girdling at fruitset on growth, yield and fruit composition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Ruby Seedless grapevines. Leaf water potential of girdled vines was higher than that of the control vines. Thinning resulted in an increase in shoot length and pruning weight. Berry weight was increased by 7 p. cent and 14 p. cent for the girdling and thinning treatments, respectively. The greatest berry weight (28 p. cent) occurred with a combinations of both treatments. Girdling significantly decreased titratable acidity and enhanced fruit coloration. Yield per vine was significantly decreased by severe thinning treatments. This study demonstrated that moderate thinning and girdling at fruitset could improve Ruby Seedless berry weight and composition without a severe decrease in yield per vine.
Effect of grapevine latent buds (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Merlot) chilling on their starch content: biochimical and cytological approachs
Authors: Koussa Tayeb , Cholet Céline , Cherrad Monique
Published: June 2016

Biochimical analysis and photonic microscopy observations of starch were investigated in latent buds of Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Merlot) collected during their dormancy phase and during their cold storage at 2°C. Biochimical analysis showed that starch levels of grapevine latent buds was high (70 mg/g DW). Microscopical observations confirmed this result and showed a gradient of starch content in different regions of bud in which the foliars primordiums and scales were the starch richer. Buds conservation at 2°C reduced their starch content but this decrease begun only after 9 days of chilling corresponding to the time necessary for budbreak and for the beginning of increase the bud burst ability. The hydrolysis of starch seems begun at the first in apex and then propaged to the other regions of bud. In the scales, the most exposed region to cold, storage at 2°C during 56 days induced an increase of cellular tannins content and cell walls polysaccharides. These results were discuted in relation to the increase of bud burst ability and to their cold acclimatation.
Development of predictive models for astringency from anthocyanin, phenolic and color analyses of British Columbia red wines
Authors: Cliff Margaret A. , Brau N. , King M. C. , Mazza Giacomo
Published: June 2016

One-hundred and eighty-nine commercial red wines from four vintages (1996-1999), four varieties (Pinot noir, Merlot, Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon) and 13 vineyard locations within the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia were analysed for total phenolics, anthocyanins, flavonols, tartaric esters, free SO2, pH and titratable acidity, as well as copigmented-, monomeric-, polymeric- and total- anthocyanins (absorbance values). Color was evaluated using color density, hue, Hunter-color (L, a, b) and chroma values. Statistics (means, standard deviations) and discriminant analysis were used to explore the response patterns in the compositional analyses among the vintages, varieties and vineyard locations. Color density was highly correlated to the monomeric- and polymeric- anthocyanins for all varieties. Discriminant analysis revealed that some wine vintages could be differentiated using the flavonols, anthocyanins, copigmented anthocyanins, hue and L values. Phenolic concentrations were lower in 1996 and 1997 vintages compared to 1998 and 1999. Discriminant analysis showed that the varieties Pinot noir, Cabernet franc and Merlot/Cabernet Sauvignon could be differentiated using the monomeric-, polymeric- and total- anthocyanins, as well as color density, hue and L values. Cabernet Sauvignon wines formed a subset within the Merlot grouping. Discriminant of wines from the vineyard locations revealed that there was a considerable overlap among the regions, but that the groupings were generally consistent with geographic location. Sensory analysis was used to determine the intensity of astringency and astringent aftertaste in a subset of 35 wines from 1998. Multiple linear regression was used to relate the sensory and compositional analyses. A two-variable model predicted astringency (R=0.77) from total phenolics and copigmented anthocyanins; whereas, a one-variable model was developed to predict astringent aftertaste (R=0.74) from total phenolics. Sensory data collected on an additional 25 red wines were used to validate the appropriateness of the models.
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Program Kusta Berbasis Geografis di Kabupaten Cirebon Tahun 2005
Authors: Haeria Haeria
Published: June 2016

Kusta yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Mycobacterium leprae merupakan penyakit menular dengan masalah yang sangat kompleks. Tiga tahun terakhir, Kabupaten Cirebon yang melaporkan 1.207 penderita kusta (Prevalence 1,69/ 10.000 penduduk), belum mencapai tahap eliminas sehinga penularan masuh berlansung. Tujuan penelitian mengembangan sistem informasi kusta berbasis geografis yang dapat dijadikan solusi percepatan eliminasi kusta di Kabupaten Cirebon. Metoda yang digunakan adalah System Development Life Cycle, yaitu planning, analysis, design, implementation, maintenance dan evaluation system. Hai tersebut dilakukan dengan memadukan konsep Data Base Management System dan data spasial. Hasil analisis sistem dapat mengidentifikasi masalah manajemen penanggulangan kusta serta alternatif solusi pada level input, proses dan output. Data dan informasi dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, dan telaah dokumen. Sistem ini didesain untuk kemudahan input data dan otomasi proses pengolahan menjadi informasi. Interpretasi epidemiologis kusta pada visual peta dapat mengetahui model difusi transmisi kasus dan jangkauan pelayanan kesehatan (Puskesmas) dalam penanggula- ngan kusta.Kata Kunci: Sistem informasi geografis, eliminasi, kustaLeprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae is a contagious disease that generates complex problems. Over the last three years, the District of Cirebon report- ed 1207 leprosy cases (prevalence rate 1.69/10.000 population) and had not yet reach leprosy elimination situation, thus the disease was keep spreading. The purpose of this system development was to develop an application of Leprosy System Information Program Based on geographical information system for leprosy elimination acceleration program in Cirebon. The method used in this study was System Development Life Cycle method (planning, analysis, design, implementation, maintenance, and evaluation), by combining Data Base Management System concept and spatial data. Data and information needed were collected by interview and document observation. The system was designed for facilitating data input and automation of its process mechanism to produce information. Output were in form of regular report, tabulation, graphic, and area endemic mapping information with urban smallest observation unit. Epidemiologic interpretation on leprosy case from visual map can identify case transmission diffusion model and health service (Puskesmas) range capac- ity in leprosy elimination.Keywords: Geographical information system, elimination, leprosy
Determinan Pemilihan Tempat Persalinan di Kabupaten Cirebon, Tahun 2004
Authors: Adipriati Deti
Published: June 2016

Lebih dari 90 % kematian ibu disebabkan komplikasi obstetrik yang sering tidak dapat diramalkan pada saat kehamilan. Pada umumnya kematian Ibu dan kejadian kesakitan setelah bayi lahir adalah akibat kegagalan untuk menanggulangi komplikasi persalinan. Kebanyakan komplikasi itu terjadi pada saat atau sekitar persalinan. SDKI 2003 melaporkan bahwa 9 % persalinan dilakukan di fasilitas pemerintah dan 31 % pada fasilitas swasta, sedangkan 59 % masih dilakukan di rumah. Pertolongan persalinan di rumah, dimana sistem rujukan tidak dikembangkan dengan tepat, memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap kelangsungan hidup ibu dan bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dalam menentukan pemilihan tempat persalinan di Kabupaten Cirebon tahun 2004. Desain penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross sectional ) pada 447 responden pada 29 desa di kabupaten Cirebon. Analisa yang digunakan adalah regresi logistik model prediksi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa ibu berpendidikan rendah akan memilih tempat persalinan di rumah sebanyak 2.94 kali dibandingkan ibu berpendidikan tinggi (OR = 2,94 95 % CI 1.764 – 4.890) setelah dikontrol oleh variable pengetahuan ibu tentang masalah kesehatan pada masa persalinan dan melahirkan dan variable status ekonomi. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pendidikan Ibu, pengetahuan ibu tentang masalah kesehatan pada masa kehamilan dan persalinan serta status ekonomi mempunyai pengaruh terhadap pemilihan tempat persalinanKata kunci : Pemilihan tempat persalinan, pengetahuan ibu, status ekonomiAbstractMore than 90% of maternal death is caused by obstetric complications, which are often unpredictable during pregnancy. In general, maternal death and newborn morbidity are caused by failure to overcome delivery complication. Most of the complication happened at the moment or around delivery. SDKI 2003 reported that 9% birth were delivered in public facilities, 31% were delivered in private health facilities and 59% were still delivered at home. Birth delivery at home with not well-developed referral system, has great influence on mother and newborn lives. The objective of this study is to identify factors that influence selection of delivery place in Cirebon district in 2004 using cross-sectional design among 447 respondents living in 29 villages in Cirebon District. The analysis used is logistic regression using prediction modeling. The results indicate that mother with low education has chance to opt for delivery at home 2.94 times higher than mother with high education level (OR = 2.94 95 % CI 1.764 – 4.890) after controlled by mother’s knowledge on health problem at birth and economic status. The study concludes that delivery place selection is influenced by mother’s education, mother’s knowledge on health problem at birth and economic status.Keywords: Delivery place selection, mother’s knowledge on health problem, economic status
Tantangan Pencapaian Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) Bidang Kesehatan di Indonesia
Authors: Utomo Budi
Published: June 2016

Laporan pemerintah tentang pencapaian MDGs di Indonesia sampai tahun 2002 merefleksikan komitmen dalam mensejahterakan rakyat. Kesehatan yang dijabarkan dalam berbagai indikator tujuan 4, 5, dan 6 dilaporkan membaik. Tulisan ini menelaah status pencapaian, mencari penjelasan latar belakang pencapaian, dan menilai prospek pencapaian MDGs utamanya bidang kesehatan. Hasil telaah menunjukkan sebagian besar indikator kesehatan membaik, tetapi lamban. Walau menurun, angka kematian ibu dan anak masih tinggi. Penyakit infeksi dan masalah gizi masih prevalen. Akses masyarakat terhadap pelayanan kesehatan masih rendah. Biaya masih menjadi penghambat utama pelayanan kesehatan bagi mereka yang membutuhkan. Program pemberantasan penyakit menular, termasuk HIV/AIDS, malaria, dan TB masih dihadapkan pada banyak hambatan. Prevalensi malaria dan TB masih tinggi, sementara epidemi HIV/AIDS di beberapa daerah sudah mulai masuk kedalam populasi rendah. Gambaran ini menyiratkan prognosis pencapaian MDGs di Indonesia yang kurang menggembirakan. Tantangan utama pencapaian MDGs bidang kesehatan adalah bagaimana pemerintah dapat menerjemahkan komitmen dan kebijakan intervensi efektif yang sudah tersedia menjadi program rutin pelayanan kesehatan yang dapat langsung menyentuh masyarakat, terutama mereka yang paling membutuhkan, yaitu masyarakat miskin.Kata kunci: Pencapaian MDGs, bidang kesehatan, masyarakat miskinAbstractGovernment’s report on achievement of MDGs in Indonesia until 2002 reflects commitment towards people’s welfare. Health area as explained in indicators of goals 4, 5, and 6 were reported as improved. This review examines achievement status, elucidates background explanation about those achievement status, and assesses prospect of MDG achievement, particularly in health area. The review shows that most of MDG’s health indicators improved but in a slow manner. Funding is still posed as the main constraint of health care of those who needed it. Eradication program of infectious and contagious diseases, including HIV/AIDS, malaria, and TB faces many hurdles. Malaria and TB prevalences are still high , while HIV/AIDS epidemic in several areas has shown infiltration and spread among low socio-economic population groups. This situation reflects a not very good prognostic of MDG achievement in Indonesia. The main challenge of MDG achievement in health area in Indonesia is related to question on how the government could translate commitment and effective intervention policy into routine health care program that directly touch the people, especially those who need most: the poor.Keywords: MDG achievement, health area, the poor
Filosofi dan Konsep Dasar Kesehatan Kerja Serta Perkembangannya dalam Praktik
Authors: Kurniawidjaja L. Meily
Published: June 2016

Kesehatan kerja merupakan masalah setiap individu karena bekerja dibutuhkan semua orang sebagai sumber pendapatan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup. Sejak lama diketahui bahwa bekerja dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan atau penyakit. Sebaliknya, kesehatan dapat mengganggu pekerjaan. Artikel ini bertujuan memberikan pemahaman tentang konsep, praktik dan manfaat kesehatan kerja bagi para pekerja dan pemberi kerja. Kesehatan kerja se- harusnya tidak hanya terfokus pada diagnosis dan pengobatan klinis, tetapi juga mengerjakan rekognisi hazard, penilaian risiko dan intervensi untuk menghilangkan atau meminimalkan risiko. Lingkupnya diperluas untuk mencegah penyakit dengan cara: (1) penempatan pekerja pada pekerjaan/ jabatan yang sesuai (fit) dengan status kesehatan dan kapasitas kerjanya. (2) program promosi kesehatan pekerja; (3) perbaikan lingkungan kerja; (4) perbaikan pekerjaan; (5) pengembangan pengorganisasian pekerjaan dan budaya bekerja.; dan (6) surveilans kesehatan pekerja. Indonesia telah meratifikasi konvensi dan rekomendasi ILO yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan kerja. Ada profesional dari multidisiplin dan organisasi profesi melakukan kesehatan kerja di lapangan tersebut, dan banyak pengandil yang lain.Kata kunci: Kesehatan kerja, ahli kesehatan kerja, lingkup kesehatan kerjaabstractOccupational health (OH) is everybody responsibility, because work is human being and decent work is human right, Many work related diseases were documented and stimulated people to do something to overcome it. The objective of this article is to explain the concept, practice and benefit of the occupational health for wokers and employers. The occupational health should not only focus on clinical diagnostic and therapy, but should do hazard recognizing, risk assessment and intervention to eliminate or minimize the risk (risk management method), and widen its scope to prevent diseases by (1) placing the worker in a task adapted to his health status and working capacity; (2) workers’ health promotion program;(3) the improvement of the working environment; (4) the improvement of work; and (5) the development of work organization and working cultures; (6) workers health surveillance. Indonesia had ratified ILO con- ventions and recommendations related to OH. There are professionals from multidiscipline and organizations conduct OH in the field, and many other OH stakeholders.Key words: Occupational Health, OH professionals, scope of OH
Kendala Pengawasan Melekat Bahan Habis Pakai Pasien Gakin (Unit Rawat Inap RS Persahabatan Tahun 2006)
Authors: Ernawaty Ernawaty
Published: June 2016

Pelaksanaan pengawasan atasan langsung (waskat) dalam penggunaan bahan habis pakai/obat dan pemberian obat untuk pasien gakin adalah sangat penting. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi berbagai komponen unit pengawasan yang lemah dan berbagai faktor yang berhubungan meliputi struktur organisasi, kebijaksanaan pelaksanaan berikut tindakan koreksi terhadap penyimpangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan sumber data primer dan sekunder, yang meliputi pengamatan pasif, telaah dokumen dan wawancara mendalam terhadap berbagai informan yang terkait. Untuk menilai keabsahan data dilakukan kembali triangulasi sumber, member chek, diskusi dengan teman sejawat dan melakukan analisis kasus negatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan kendala dalam proses pelaksanaan pengawasan melekat pada penggunaan bahan habis pakai/obat dan pemberian obat bagi pasien gakin. Kendala tersebut ditemukan pada sarana dan sasaran pengawasan (komponen-komponen unit), kepemimpinan, budaya pengawasan sampai dengan tindakan koreksi. Disarankan melakukan peninjauan kembali berbagai komponen unit sarana dan sasaran pengawasan dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan dalam manajemen pengawasan. Meteapkan budaya pengawasan sampai dengan tindakan koreksi serta melakukan rekonsiliasi/ kerja sama antara Instalasi Rawat Inap, Instalasi Penyelesaian Piutang (/IPS) dan Apotik secara teratur.Kata kunci : Pengawasan melekat, bahan habis pakai/ obat pasien gakinThe implementation of direct supervision in consumables/drugs and medication for poor patient is considered as of highly important. The objectives of the research are to identify weak point in supervision unit components and related factors including organizational structure, implementation policy and correc- tive action. The study used qualitative method using both primary and secondary data including passive observation, document review, and in-depth inter- view to key informants. To validate the data, source triangulation was used as well as member checking, peer discussion, and negative case analysis. The study found that obstacles in supervision are related to facility and supervision targets (unit components), leadership, supervisory culture, and improper corrective action. It is suggested to review unit components related to facility and supervision target by improving knowledge on supervision management. It is also suggested to establish positive supervision culture including corrective action and collaboration between units and dispensary in a regular way.Key words : Direct supervision, consumables, poor families
Kehamilan dan Kejadian Malaria di Puskesmas Way Muli, Lampung Selatan
Authors: Ismen Ismen
Published: June 2016

Kelompok yang paling rentan terhadap malaria adalah wanita hamil dengan berbagai akibat terhadap ibu dan janin yang dikandungnya. Di Indonesia, penelit- ian tentang hubungan kehamilan dengan kejadian malaria masih sangat jarang dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara kehamilan dengan kejadian malaria. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus control dengan sumber data proner di populasi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Way Muli Kecamatan Rajabasa, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Provinsi Lampung. Populasi studi adalah wanita usia 15 – 49 tahun yang datang pada saat penelit- ian pada periode November sampai dengan Desember 2006. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara dan pengambilan sediaan darah. Hasil pemerik- saan sediaan darah yang positif dijadikan sebagai kasus, kontrol dipilih secara acak dari hasil pemeriksaan darah yang negatif. Didapatkan 181 kasus dengan 40 orang (22,1%) wanita hamil. Penelitian ini menemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara kehamilan dengan kejadian malaria. Wanita hamil lebih berisiko terkena malaria 2,66 kali daripada wanita tidak hamil (OR 2,66; CI 95% 1,38 - 5,13) setelah dikontrol dengan umur, status gizi, graviditas, paritas, pemakaian kelambu, aktifitas keluar rumah malam hari, dan pemakaian obat anti nyamuk. Wanita hamil perlu mendapat prioritas dalam upaya pemberan- tasan malaria dan pedonam penatalaksanaan malaria ibu hamil di daerah endemis malaria. Ibu hamil yang yang melakukan pemeriksaan ante natal care perlu mendapat penyuluhan malaria.Kata kunci: Malaria, kehamilanAbstractPregnant woman is population group most susceptible to malaria and both mother and her foetus suffered varied negative impacts of malaria. In Indonesia, study on pregnancy and malaria is rarely conducted. The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between pregnancy and malaria. This study employed case-control study design using primary data in population living in working area of Way Muli Community Health Center, Rajabasa Subdistrict, South Lampung District, Lampung Province. The study population is women 15 – 49 years old of age who attend to health center within November to December 2006 period. The data were collected through interview and blood laboratory test. Cases are women who have positive results of blood laboratory test and controls were selected randomly from women with negative result. There were 40 pregnant women (22.1%) among 181 cases. The sudy showed significant relationship between pregnancy and malaria. Pregnant women have 2.7 times higher risk of malaria compared to that of non pregnant woment (OR 2.66; CI 95% 1.38 – 5.13) after controlling for the age, nutritional status, parity, mosquito net use, night out door activity, and anti mosquito use. Pregnant women should be prioritized in malaria prevention programs and in management of malaria in endemic areas. Pregnant women who get ANC should also receive education on malaria.Key words: Malaria, pregnancy