bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparação de hábitos de bem estar vocal entre cantores líricos e populares
Authors: Dassie-Leite Ana Paula , Duprat André de Campos , Busch Roberta
Published: November 2010

OBJETIVO: comparar hábitos de bem estar vocal entre cantores líricos e populares. MÉTODOS: foi realizado um trabalho exploratório descritivo, com a participação de 30 cantores líricos e 30 populares, estudantes da Universidade Livre de Música. Todos responderam um questionário com 13 questões objetivas sobre hábitos vocais e utilização profissional da voz. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente RESULTADOS: cantores líricos e populares têm hábitos semelhantes de alimentação, tabagismo, etilismo e uso de drogas recreacionais. Cantores populares têm menos horas de sono/repouso ao dia, sendo esta uma diferença estatisticamente significante. Este grupo também se diferenciou dos cantores líricos por terem, em sua maioria, outro trabalho com a utilização profissional da voz falada. Também foi estatisticamente significante a maior carga horária no uso da voz cantada em líricos, bem como o maior uso de recursos considerados mitos para melhorar a voz. Cantores populares conhecem menos o trabalho fonoaudiológico junto aos profissionais da voz. Os cantores líricos aquecem a voz com maior frequência em relação aos populares, embora este segundo grupo, tenha demonstrado que este hábito tem sido adquirido. Tanto cantores líricos quanto populares não desaquecem a voz sistematicamente, depois da atividade profissional. CONCLUSÃO: Cantores líricos e populares com formação musical específica têm, em geral, hábitos de bem estar vocal semelhantes e diferenciam-se principalmente em relação à carga horária de trabalho semanal, à utilização de mitos na tentativa de melhorar a voz, ao conhecimento sobre o trabalho fonoaudiológico e à prática de aquecimento e desaquecimento vocal.
Adaptação aberta: avaliação da satisfação dos usuários de um centro de alta complexidade
Authors: Picolini Mirela Machado , Blasca Wanderléia Quinhoeiro , Campos Karis de , Mondelli Maria Fernanda Capoani Garcia
Published: November 2010

OBJETIVO: avaliar subjetivamente o grau de satisfação dos usuários de AASI open fit (OTE). MÉTODOS: 11 indivíduos com deficiência auditiva neurossensorial, de grau leve a severo, com configuração descendente, usuários de AASI OTE, foram submetidos ao questionário de auto-avaliação International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA - versão em Português). RESULTADOS: em relação aos sete domínios avaliados, verificou-se que a média referente ao uso foi de 4,45; quanto ao benefício foi de 4,27; em relação à limitação de atividade residual foi de 4,45; quanto à satisfação foi de 4,72; quanto à restrição de participação de atividade residual foi de 4,81; para o domínio impacto nos outros foi de 4,90 e 4,18 para a qualidade de vida. Ressalta-se que a pontuação máxima para cada domínio avaliado era de 5,0 e a mínima 1,0. A média obtida para na pontuação total (soma de todas as questões) foi de 31,81 sendo a máxima 35,0. Na comparação entre os fatores, houve diferença estatística significante do Fator 2 sobre o Fator 1. CONCLUSÃO: com este estudo pode-se atestar o alto grau de satisfação do uso do AASI OTE apresentado pela maioria da amostra coletada, em todos os domínios analisados.
Tumor growth characteristics of the Walker 256 AR tumor, a regressive variant of the rat Walker 256 A tumor
Authors: Guimarães Fernando , Schanoski Alessandra Soares , Cavalcanti Tereza Cristina Samico , Juliano Priscila Bianchi , Viera-Matos Ana Neuza , Rettori Ovídio
Published: November 2010

The present study aimed at characterizing the subcutaneous development of the Walker 256 (W256) AR tumor, a regressive variant of the rat W256 A tumor. Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with 4x10(6) W256 A or W256 AR tumor cells. The development of tumors was evaluated daily by percutaneous measurements. None of the W256 A tumors (n=20) regressed, but 62% of the W256 AR tumor-bearing rats (n=21) underwent complete tumor regression within 35 days. Continuous growth of AR tumors was characterized by an increase of the tumor growth rate from day 12, which reached values above 1.0 g/day, and were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the regressive AR tumors. Immunosuppression by irradiation before subcutaneous injection of AR cells completely abrogated tumor regression and was associated with severe metastatic dissemination. Daily evaluation of the tumor growth rate enabled the discrimination, in advance, between continuously growing tumors and those that regressed later on.
External morphology of the adult of Heraclides anchisiades capys (Hübner, [1809]) (Lepidoptera - Papilionidae) I: head, cephalic appendages and cervical region
Authors: Leite Luis Anderson Ribeiro , Casagrande Mirna Martins , Mielke Olaf Hermann Hendrik
Published: November 2010

The purpose of this study was to highlight the morphological components of the head, its appendages and the cervical region of the adults of Heraclides anchisiades capys (Hübner, [1809]), looking for a comparative focus with the other Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea. The most relevant morphological characters were: presence of transclipeal band, laterofacial suture in ventral view near the half of the ocular margin of convex aspect, presence of rudimental maxillary palp; union of the cervical sclerites ventromedially and ventral sclerite situated before the merger of the lateral sclerites.
Wind power characterization in the Lages city - SC, Brazil
Authors: Soccol Olívio José , Zitterell Danieli Bariviera , Ullmann Mario Nestor , Miquelluti David José
Published: November 2010

The main objective of this work was to determinate the nominal wind and the wind power, based on mathematical adjustments in the Lages city, SC-Brazil. The study used data comprising the period between 1976 and 2006. The wind average velocity was osted by Lages Meteorological Station located at 27º49'S, 50º12' W, and 937 meters of altitude. For the estimated wind temporal distribution, a methodology based on wind velocity curves was used. The nominal velocity that made wind power maximum in Lages was 10.33 km h-1 77 days long. This velocity provides an average wind power 16.6 W m-2 annually. The results showed that wind power cow be characterized as a simple alternative to be used in agriculture.
Influence of high osmotic pressure on sorbitol production by Zymomonas mobilis
Authors: Vignoli Josiane Alessandra , Cazetta Marcia Luciana , Silva Rui Sérgio Santos , Celligoi Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone
Published: November 2010

The objective of the present work was to study the variation on the sorbitol production in relation to the concentration of sugars, (metabolizable or not) and the cultivation time. A full factorial design was used considering the factors such as sucrose and maltose concentration and cultivation time. The addition of sugars caused increases on the sorbitol production up to the concentration of 300g/L however, decreases on the sorbitol production were observed when the concentration reached values above this. Increasing the time of fermentation was statistically significant to sorbitol production, however, little increase the production was noticed after 36h.
Relationships among sensory analysis, isoflavone and hexanal contents of soymilk powder
Authors: Silva Josemeyre Bonifácio da , Felberg Ilana , Carrão-Panizzi Mercedes Concórdia , Lee Soo Young , Prudencio Sandra Helena
Published: November 2010

The objective of this work was to study the sensory attributes and their relationships with isoflavones and hexanal contents of soymilks made in laboratory and commercial samples. The laboratory soymilk samples showed cooked grain and cotton candy aroma and cooked grain, malty and sweetness flavor (a mild flavor). The commercial samples presented stronger roasted soy, rancid, sesame seeds and fishy aroma and roasted soy, sesame seeds and bitterness flavor, and bitter taste (closed nose) and starchy texture. No differences were noted among laboratory soymilks, denoting inactivation of lipoxygenases enzymes in the soymilks process. There were differences between the samples prepared in laboratory and commercial soymilks, which was due to several factors related to processing techniques. The hexanal average content was positively associated with the cooked grain aroma and isoflavones was positively associated with the cooked grain and cotton candy aroma, cooked grain, malty and sweetness flavor and starchy texture.
Studies on the electrochemical disinfection of water containing Escherichia coli using a Dimensionally Stable Anode
Authors: Gusmão Isabel Celeste Caíres Pereira , Moraes Peterson Bueno , Bidoia Ederio Dino
Published: November 2010

The aim of this work was to investigate the disinfectant effect of electrolysis on chlorine-free water, artificially contaminated with Escherichia coli (CCT-1457) and to evaluate the bactericidal activity of electrolysis and kinetic behavior of a single-cell reactor, with a DSA (Dimensionally Stable Anode) electrode to develop a scaled-up system. A high-density E. coli suspension (10(6) CFU mL-1) was electrolyzed in this reactor at 25, 50 and 75 mA cm-2 for up to 60 min, at flow rates of 200 and 500 L h-1. Bacterial survival fell by 98.9% without addition of chlorinated compounds and a power consumption rate not more than 5.60 kWh m-3 at flow rate of 200 L h-1 and 75 mA cm-2. The process produced a germicidal effect that reached this inactivation rate within a relatively short contact time. Also, a solution of electrolyzed 0.08 M Na2SO4 added to the inoculum showed residual bactericidal effect. The efficiency of disinfection was regulated by both the contact time and current density applied, and a kinetic function for the survival rate was developed for the purpose of scaling up.
A Educação Ambiental frente aos desafios apresentados pelos discursos contemporâneos sobre a natureza
Authors: Reigota Marcos
Published: November 2010

A noção de natureza tem tido papel importante na filosofia e também na Educação Ambiental. Filósofos contemporâneos como Gianni Vattimo e Newton Aquiles von Zuben afirmam que uma noção única de natureza contribuiu para a difusão da metafísica dogmática, que por sua vez, solidificou totalitarismos políticos e religiosos. A Educação Ambiental latino-americana tem constituído um campo teórico e espaço público privilegiado para a difusão de noções de natureza, não dogmáticas, nem totalitárias, em estreitas relações com a diversidade cultural e social. Num primeiro momento da Educação Ambiental a noção de natureza estava relacionada aos recursos naturais. Desde que temas específicos relacionados com os discursos contemporâneos sobre a natureza, como a biodiversidade e os transgênicos ganharam o espaço público, argumentamos que a Educação Ambiental se viu diante de novos desafios teóricos, políticos, ecológicos, sociais, culturais e pedagógicos. Neste artigo procuramos identificar e analisar alguns desses desafios tendo como apoio teórico o pensamento do filósofo italiano Gianni Vattimo e do filósofo brasileiro Newton Aquiles von Zuben, nos aspectos relacionados à bioética e ao papel político da educação, na formação de cidadãos e cidadãs. Concluímos que a abordagem dos discursos contemporâneos sobre a natureza possibilita que o diálogo entre a Educação Ambiental e a bioética tende a se ampliar e a se concretizar em práticas sociais e pedagógicas cotidianas, apresentando-se, assim, como alternativa concreta para que cidadãos e cidadãs possam enfrentar os desafios trazidos com a biodiversidade e com os transgênicos, com argumentos científicos, éticos e políticos.
Occurrence of Ceratium furcoides (Levander) Langhans 1925 bloom at the Billings Reservoir, São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Matsumura-Tundisi T , Tundisi JG , Luzia AP , Degani RM
Published: November 2010

An unusual bloom of Ceratium furcoides is reported for a station of the Taquacetuba compartment of the Billings Reservoir. The appearance of this bloom is attributed to the mixing and turbulence of the water column that removed Ceratium cysts from the surface of the sediment and promoted conditions for the growth of this species in the region of mixing. Cold fronts approaching the Billings Reservoir are probably the cause of the mixing and bloom. Also turbulence induced by wind increased phosphorus concentration in the water column. Ceratium furcoides was the dominant species at station 1 where the nutrient concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were high. Ceratium spp. blooms may be a problem for water treatment and massive mortality can affect the dissolved oxygen of the water producing fish kill.
Five new species of genus Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854 from Rio Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil (Ostariophysi, Characiformes, Characidae)
Authors: Garavello JC. , Sampaio FAA
Published: November 2010

Five new species of the Neotropical characiform genus Astyanax Baird & Girard are described from Rio Iguaçu at the border of Paraná and Santa Catarina states, southeastern Brazil and Astyanax gymnogenis Eigenmann is redescribed. Each new species can be distinguished from all other Astyanax species from the upper Rio Paraná basin by exclusive combinations of: tooth shape, number of dental cuspids, distance between third infraorbital and preopercle, number of lateral line scales, longitudinal series of scales, number of gill-rakers and differences from shape of body and head traits. This study proposes the species of genus Astyanax from Rio Iguaçu as probably endemic, since all of them are absent from tributaries of the Rio Paraná hydrographic system. The high degree of diversification acquired by those Astyanax species in the Iguaçu basin may perhaps be allied to the long isolation period of this river from the Rio Paraná basin caused by the Iguaçu waterfalls. This barrier probably isolated those basins resulting in original groups of Characiformes and then Astyanax species, both isolated from one another and both different from their relatives in neighbouring basins.
A new species of Notodiaptomus Kiefer (Crustacea, Copepoda, Calanoida, Diaptomidae) from Brazil
Authors: Matsumura-Tundisi T , Espindola ELG , Tundisi JG , Souza-Soares F , Degani RM
Published: November 2010

Description of a new species of Diaptomidae (Crustacea, Copepoda, Calanoida) Notodiaptomus oliveirai is given from the material obtained at a reservoir at Barra Bonita, SP in 1992. The new species is very similar to Notodiaptomus henseni Dahl 1894 although both species can be found in the same locality, constituting two distinct populations. Notodiaptomus oliveirai seems to be endowed with great adaptability to changes in environmental conditions, extending its distribution to all the hydrographic basins in the state of São Paulo.
Anurofauna of an Atlantic Rainforest fragment and its surroundings in Northern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Authors: Almeida-Gomes M , Almeida-Santos M , Goyannes-Araújo P , Borges-Júnior VNT , Vrcibradic D , Siqueira CC , Ariani CV , Dias AS , Souza VV , Pinto RR , Van Sluys M , Rocha CFD
Published: November 2010

We carried out a study on the anurofaunal community from an Atlantic Forest fragment (Monte Verde mountains) and the surrounding area in Cambuci municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, which constitutes one of the largest fragments remaining in the largely deforested landscape of the northern portion of the State. We combined three sampling methods: plot sampling, transects and pit-fall traps. We recorded twenty species of amphibians, of which only eleven were found within the forest fragment (and five of these also occurred in the surrounding matrix). Two of the species recorded in the present study (Crossodactylus sp. and Ischnocnema cf. parva) may represent undescribed taxa. Our records expand the distribution range of one species (Scinax trapicheiroi) to the north, and fill a geographic distribution gap for another one (Ischnocnema oea). The estimated overall density of frogs living in the leaf litter of the fragment (based on results of plot sampling) was 3.1 individuals/100 m², with Haddadus binotatus being the most abundant species (2.4 individuals/100 m²). Comparisons of our data with those of other studies suggest that anuran communities in forest fragments ca. 1,000 ha or smaller may be severely limited in their richness, and often include a large proportion of species tolerant to open areas, such as many hylids. Our results show the importance of increasing knowledge about the anurofaunal community of the northern portion of the State of Rio de Janeiro and preserve the forest remnants that still exist in the region.
Biomass and production of Cladocera in Furnas Reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Santos RM , Negreiros NF. , Silva LC. , Rocha O. , Santos-Wisniewski MJ.
Published: November 2010

Secondary production of zooplankton, the main energy pathway in many aquatic ecosystems, is crucial to an Understanding of functioning of these systems function. In this study, we analyzed the magnitude and seasonal variations of the population density, biomass and secondary production of Cladocera in the Furnas Reservoir (Brazil). Samples were carried out monthly at 6 points in the reservoir, from August 2006 to July 2007. Main physical and chemical variables in the water column were measured in situ. Data on density, biomass and development times were obtained and used to calculate the secondary production of eight Cladocera species. The total production of Cladocera varied from 0.02 to 28.6 mgDWm-3.day-1, among the sampling sites. The highest values were recorded in spring and summer months (September to January), and were correlated to the increase in the biomass of the phytoplankton. The mean production:biomass ratio was 0.32. The level of production in Furnas Reservoir fell within the range of those reported in the literature and was of the same order of magnitude of the production values recorded for oligotrophic reservoirs. Cladocera production differed spatially inside the Sapucaí compartment and also in the temporal scale, seasonally.
Macroinvertebrates in low-order streams in two fragments of Atlantic Forest in different states of conservation, in the State of São Paulo (Brazil)
Authors: Paula MC. , Fonseca-Gessner AA
Published: November 2010

The presence of a riparian forest is one of the main factors that act directly on the ecology of a fluvial system, and the relation of the forest and the lotic environments might have an important influence on the distribution of the macroinvertebrates. In this context, the benthic macroinvertebrate communities in four low-order streams in São Paulo (Brazil) were analysed, with the aim of assessing the state of recovery of the surrounding forest fragments. The benthic organisms were sampled in the winter, a period of low rainfall. Of the 6,331 specimens of macroinvertebrates collected, 124 taxa belonging to 48 families were identified. The results showed greater diversity in the Canchim Farm streams and greater abundance in the Lake Park streams. Cluster analysis showed that the stream Canchim distanced itself from the others, being considered reference.
Gestão de risco e os impactos da instrução normativa CVM nº 550: análise empírica
Authors: Burlá Leonardo Andrade de Almeida , Gonçalves Edson Daniel Lopes
Published: November 2010

Este trabalho analisa o efeito da instrução normativa CVM 550 sobre a utilização de derivativos e, consequentemente, a gestão de risco das companhias abertas brasileiras. A resolução exige que as empresas apurem por meio do valor de mercado os instrumentos derivativos em suas demonstrações financeiras trimestrais. No entanto, a deliberação não prevê tratamento contábil para tais tipos de instrumentos. Assim, é suposto que o efeito da norma deve afetar dois grupos de usuários de derivativos: os hedgers (EH) e os especuladores (IS). Os resultados empíricos mostram que o risco incorrido pelas empresas se refere, basicamente, à taxa de juros e câmbio. Após a adoção da norma, foram encontradas evidências estatísticas que apontam uma diminuição do uso de derivativos para ambos os grupos. As evidências sugerem que a resolução 550 tem incentivado as empresas a contratarem derivativos com mais prudência, o que indica uma mudança na política de gestão de risco. Para o estudo em questão foi utilizada uma amostra de 107 empresas brasileiras pertencentes aos 10 grandes setores econômicos do ICB, em uma janela de dados de 10 anos (1999 a 2009).
Fatores preditores da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde física e mental em pacientes com doença pulmonar intersticial: uma análise multifatorial
Authors: Coelho Ana Cláudia , Knorst Marli Maria , Gazzana Marcelo Basso , Barreto Sérgio Saldanha Menna
Published: November 2010

OBJETIVO: Avaliar fatores preditores da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) em pacientes com doença pulmonar intersticial (DPI). MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 63 pacientes, submetidos a provas de função pulmonar e teste de caminhada de seis minutos. Foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-form Survey (SF-36), Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), os inventários de ansiedade e depressão de Beck e Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale. A análise de componentes principais foi utilizada para reduzir as variáveis em fatores preditivos, e a análise de regressão linear múltipla foi utilizada como um modelo explicativo. RESULTADOS: Dos 63 pacientes, 34 eram mulheres. A média de idade foi de 60,1 ± 13,3 anos, média de CVF = 64,17 ± 15,54% do previsto e média de DLCO = 44,21 ± 14,47% do previsto. Todos os pacientes avaliados tinham sua QVRS prejudicada, e os piores escores foram observados nos domínios capacidade funcional do SF-36 e atividade do SGRQ. Dos pacientes avaliados 60,3% e 57,1% apresentaram sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, respectivamente. A análise de componentes principais identificou um fator preditor para QVRS física e um fator preditor para QVRS mental. A depressão apresentou uma forte influência sobre o fator preditor de QVRS mental, e o grau de dispneia apresentou uma influência significativa sobre os dois fatores preditores de QVRS nos pacientes avaliados. Variáveis relacionadas à função pulmonar, capacidade de exercício e ansiedade não apresentaram impactos sobre esses fatores preditores. CONCLUSÕES: Em nossa amostra de pacientes com DPI, o grau de dispneia teve um impacto importante sobre a QVRS física e mental, e a depressão teve um impacto sobre a QVRS mental nos pacientes com DPI.
Alterações pulmonares em um modelo de diabetes mellitus em ratos: o efeito da terapia antioxidante
Authors: Forgiarini Junior Luiz Alberto , Kretzmann Nélson Alexandre , Tieppo Juliana , Picada Jaqueline Nascimento , Dias Alexandre Simões , Marroni Norma Anair Possa
Published: November 2010

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações estruturais no pulmão de ratos com diabetes mellitus (DM) através da quantificação do estresse oxidativo e do dano ao DNA, assim como determinar os efeitos de superóxido dismutase (SOD) exógena nessas alterações. MÉTODOS: Estudo experimental controlado com 40 ratos Wistar, divididos em quatro grupos (10 animais cada): grupo controle, grupo SOD (sem DM e tratados com SOD), grupo DM (com DM induzido por estreptozotocina), e grupo DM+SOD (com DM induzido por estreptozotocina e tratados com SOD). Os animais foram avaliados por um período de 60 dias, iniciado a partir do dia em que os animais com diabetes induzido por estreptozotocina apresentaram glicemia > 250 mg/dL. Nos últimos 7 dias do período, os animais nos grupos tratados receberam SOD. Ao final do tempo de estudo, amostras de tecido pulmonar foram coletadas para análise histopatológica e avaliação do estresse oxidativo e do dano ao DNA. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos em relação ao dano ao DNA. Houve um aumento significativo na matriz extracelular e hiperplasia do endotélio capilar no grupo DM quando comparado com os grupos controle e SOD. Também houve mudanças significativas em pneumócitos tipo II e macrófagos intravasculares, sugerindo um processo inflamatório no grupo DM. Entretanto, uma redução na matriz extracelular, endotélio capilar normal e pneumócitos tipo II normais foram encontrados no grupo com DM+SOD. CONCLUSÕES: A administração exógena de SOD pode reverter alterações nos pulmões de animais com DM induzido.
Reprodutibilidade da versão em português do Brasil do European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire em conjunto com seu módulo específico para câncer de pulmão
Authors: Franceschini Juliana , Jardim José Roberto , Fernandes Ana Luisa Godoy , Jamnik Sérgio , Santoro Ilka Lopes
Published: November 2010

OBJETIVO: A avaliação da qualidade de vida em pacientes com câncer de pulmão tem se tornado um dos principais objetivos em ensaios clínicos atuais. Para avaliar a qualidade de vida desses pacientes, o instrumento mais utilizado é o 36-item European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) em conjunto com seu módulo específico para câncer de pulmão com 13 itens (QLQ-LC13). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a reprodutibilidade da versão em português do Brasil desses questionários. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com 30 pacientes ambulatoriais estáveis com câncer de pulmão, os quais completaram os instrumentos no primeiro dia do estudo e duas semanas depois. RESULTADOS: A reprodutibilidade teste-reteste através do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse para o EORTC QLQ-C30 e o QLQ-LC13 variou de 0,64 a 1,00 e de 0,64 a 0,95, respectivamente. Não houve correlações entre os domínios dos instrumentos e os parâmetros clínicos. CONCLUSÕES: Estes achados demonstram a reprodutibilidade dos instrumentos utilizados nesta amostra de pacientes com câncer de pulmão no Brasil.
Comparação entre três métodos de coloração a frio no diagnóstico primário de tuberculose: um estudo piloto
Authors: Gupta Soham , Shenoy Vishnu Prasad , Bairy Indira , Muralidharan Sethumadhavan
Published: November 2010

OBJETIVO: Em países em desenvolvimento, a baciloscopia é a principal ferramenta para a identificação de casos de tuberculose pulmonar. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficácia diagnóstica do método de coloração de Gabbett (MCG) e de um método modificado de coloração a frio (MMC), ambos em duas etapas, em comparação com a do método de coloração fluorescente (MCF), em três etapas, para a detecção de BAAR em esfregaços de escarro. MÉTODOS: Nossa amostra consistiu de 260 amostras de escarro coletadas de casos suspeitos de tuberculose pulmonar no Kasturba Hospital, em Manipal, Índia. Os esfregaços foram preparados em triplicata, para cada um dos métodos: MCF, MMC e MCG. As lâminas foram numeradas aleatoriamente a fim de que o examinador fosse cegado quanto à identidade das amostras. RESULTADOS: Das 260 amostras, 16 (6,15%), 15 (5,77%) e 13 (5,00%) foram positivas para BAAR com MCF, MMC e MCG, respectivamente. A sensibilidade de MCG e MMC em relação à de MCF foi de 81,25% e 93,75%, respectivamente. Houve boa concordância de MCG e MMC com MCF (0,988 e 0,996, respectivamente), e não houve diferenças estatísticas significativas. CONCLUSÕES: Embora MCG e MMC apresentaram menor sensibilidade que MCF, que é avaliado por microscopia de fluorescência, consideramos que os dois primeiros métodos sejam promissores no diagnóstico de tuberculose.
Drogas antituberculose: interações medicamentosas, efeitos adversos e utilização em situações especiais - parte 2: fármacos de segunda linha
Authors: Arbex Marcos Abdo , Varella Marília de Castro Lima , Siqueira Hélio Ribeiro de , Mello Fernando Augusto Fiúza de
Published: November 2010

Os objetivos principais do tratamento da tuberculose são curar o paciente e minimizar a possibilidade de transmissão do bacilo para indivíduos saudáveis. Reações adversas ou interações das drogas antituberculose entre si e com outros fármacos podem causar modificação ou descontinuação da terapêutica. Descrevemos os mecanismos gerais de ação, absorção, metabolização e excreção dos medicamentos utilizados no tratamento da tuberculose multidroga resistente (aminoglicosídeos, fluoroquinolonas, cicloserina/terizidona, etionamida, capreomicina e ácido para-aminossalicílico). Descrevemos as reações adversas e as interações (com medicamentos, alimentos e antiácidos) assim como a abordagem mais adequada para situações especiais, como gravidez, amamentação, insuficiência hepática e renal.
Pneumonia lipoide secundária ao uso prolongado de óleo de prímula
Authors: Rabahi Marcelo Fouad , Ferreira Andreia Alves , Madeira João Gabriel Piccirilli , Galvao Paulo Menzel , Pinto Sebastião Alves
Published: November 2010

A pneumonia lipoide é uma doença pouco diagnosticada, causada pela aspiração de partículas oleosas para dentro dos pulmões. Os casos relatados têm sido relacionados ao uso de óleo mineral como laxativo, mas outras soluções oleosas também podem causar a doença. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 50 anos com queixa de tosse produtiva, sendo diagnosticada inicialmente com hiper-reatividade brônquica e doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE). A paciente foi submetida a tratamento para DRGE. Devido à persistência da tosse, a paciente foi submetida a TC de tórax, fibrobroncoscopia e biópsia pulmonar a céu aberto, sendo diagnosticada com pneumonia lipoide. A paciente foi questionada quanto ao uso de substâncias oleosas, relatando o uso crônico de óleo de prímula. Com a suspensão do uso da substância e a continuidade do tratamento para DRGE, houve melhora do quadro.
Granuloma hialinizante de pulmão recidivante
Authors: Arruda Guilherme D'Andréa Saba , Carvalho Paulo César Ribeiro de , Andrade Mara Patrícia Guilhermino de , Cusmanich Maurício Campos , Bandeira Gustavo , Tozaki Felipe Shigueo Passos
Published: November 2010

Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 61 anos, masculino, internado com objetivo de exérese de massa pulmonar para estudo anatomopatológico. O paciente apresentara anteriormente um quadro de febre, tosse seca e dor torácica, associado à presença de massas pulmonares detectadas por radiografia de tórax, tendo sido submetido em duas ocasiões (1976 e 1981) a toracotomia para a investigação diagnóstica, sem diagnóstico anatomopatológico conclusivo. A TC de tórax revelou volumosas massas com áreas de calcificação em ambos os campos pulmonares. O material do estudo anatomopatológico foi compatível com granuloma hialinizante de pulmão. No pós-operatório, o paciente apresentou vários episódios de broncoespasmo que foram revertidos com medicação sintomática. Foi mantido com prednisona na dose de 40 mg/dia com boa evolução clínica até o envio deste relato.
Briefing: A practical initiative for the construction industry
Authors: Hall J. N
Published: November 2010

This briefing paper presents a client-led programme to save cost and reduce the level of carbon dioxide emissions by encouraging the innovation of working practices and processes within the construction industry. The need to improve performance and be sustainable in the construction industry is well understood. Recent calls that everyone has to lead improvement and other calls to innovate are being answered by a programme called Best East, which is funded by the European Regional Development Fund, which is managed by the East of England Development Agency. Components of the programme include: clients working collaboratively to encourage change in the industry; support organisations working in partnership to provide more comprehensive change programmes; supply chains being procured to make time to innovate while reducing the overall schedule and cost; organisations in the supply chain given help to put all the basics of good business in place; provision of knowledge on performance improvement, low carbon, sustainability; and long-term network support to enhance the initial learning including connection to higher and further education. The programme uses capital projects to demonstrate the successes gained from capturing improvements from every organisation in the supply chain.
Briefing: Challenges related to straw bale construction
Authors: Goodhew S. , Carfrae J. , De Wilde P.
Published: November 2010

This briefing discusses the current challenges to the deployment of straw bale walling systems in the UK. A short historical context is described and the major areas of scientific interest are discussed. These areas include the environmental, thermal, acoustic, structural and durability performance of straw bale walling systems in relation to their properties. Current values and measurements of these properties are discussed along with a short introduction to the major researchers and institutions researching the design and attributes of straw bale walls. The briefing concludes that the evolution of straw bale walling systems is rapidly developing and can, when appropriate solutions to potential risk issues are used, provide the basis for comfortable and sustainable buildings.
Assessing the sustainability merits of retrofitting existing homes
Authors: Bernier P. , Fenner R. A. , Ainger C.
Published: November 2010

The UK government has agreed to a 26% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and an 80% reduction by 2050, against a 1990 baseline. Britain's approximately 26 million existing homes account for 27% of total UK greenhouse gas emissions. Given the low-build rate for new homes, today's homes will comprise at least 80% of the 2050 housing stock. Therefore, it is essential that significant improvements are realised to existing homes if the UK is to meet its sustainability objectives. This paper develops a building rating system designed to assess the sustainability merits of existing home retrofits and to indicate the success of a range of retrofit measures. With the methodology applied to six case studies, performance of the retrofit measures adopted and their prioritisation are discussed, together with the effectiveness of a retrofit building rating system. The creation and adoption of a purpose-designed building rating system, such as the one described and demonstrated here, with escalating mandatory performance levels in energy and water efficiency, would help to drive improvement in existing homes. Such an approach would be used to rate existing homes, galvanise stakeholders around a common framework and provide long-term visibility to the marketplace. It must be integrated with existing building regulations, planning mechanisms, incentive programmes, and assessment requirements such as energy performance certificates. Encouraging action now will not only result in quality improvements to the existing housing stock and a reduced ecological footprint but will also build resilience in energy and water systems and facilitate adaptation to future climate change.
Briefing: Challenging lock-in through urban energy systems
Authors: Rydin Y. , Devine-Wright P. , Goodier C. , Guy S. , Hunt L. , Watson J.
Published: November 2010

Challenging lock-in through urban energy systems (Clues) is a major new research project funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. This briefing sets out the focus and approach of the project and the key research questions that it will address.
Briefing: Strategies for designing a green built environment
Authors: Yeang K.
Published: November 2010

The case for protecting the environment has been centre stage in the public consciousness for some years now. The question for designers of the built environment – engineers, architects and masterplanners – is how it can be done. An environmental focus in design is now mainstream; eco-engineering and green rating systems are now part of everyday design practice. ‘Green design’, however, should do more and should aim to integrate all human interventions in the environment in a seamless and benign way. This paper proposes five strategies towards this end.
Stumbling blocks on the Hydrogen road in Norway
Authors: Kårstein A.
Published: November 2010

This paper analyses a quite comprehensive Norwegian experiment to provide hydrogen as a fuel for transportation. The programme, called HyNor (short for ‘the Hydrogen road in Norway’), was a Norwegian joint industry initiative to demonstrate a real-life implementation of hydrogen energy infrastructure along a 580 km route between Oslo and Stavanger. The paper analyses the stumbling blocks that could potentially throw the project off balance. Initially the expectation was that non-technological issues, related to hindrances on the one hand and opportunities on the other, would be at the centre of attention when it came to implementing hydrogen in the Norwegian transportation sector. However, issues related to what is described as socio-technical synchronisation were found to be the most challenging to the project.
Planning urban energy trajectories: London and Barcelona
Authors: Maassen A.
Published: November 2010

Local and urban authorities are increasingly seen as crucial in translating national and international agreements into locally applicable guidelines for the delivery of climate policy. It has been recognised that energy policy is a crucial area for bringing about emissions reductions, based on the close relationship between energy consumption and generation and greenhouse gas emissions. Against this background, this paper investigates how Barcelona and London are formulating urban planning policies that encourage the use of low-carbon and renewable energy technologies to meet the heating and electricity demands of new buildings and those undergoing major renovation. Drawing on theoretical insights from science and technology and urban studies, the paper contributes to the debate about changing patterns in urban energy provision, arguing that there are general aspects to reconfiguring energy patterns in the city, such as the technological choices involved in articulating more sustainable energy futures and socio-technical obduracies of established ‘urban energy regimes’. It is recognised that place-specific features must be taken into account in the process of reorienting cities' energy trajectories onto more sustainable pathways, in particular with respect to the potential for carbon mitigation from the built environment.
Retrofitting suburbia: is the compact city feasible?
Authors: Rice L.
Published: November 2010

This paper examines the role of retrofitting existing suburbs to deliver more sustainable lifestyles. The policy of intensification of existing urban and suburban areas, referred to as a ‘compact city’ strategy, has been promoted by the UK government and is linked to claims that higher density mixed-use areas promote more sustainable lifestyles. While the policy is normally considered at the ‘strategic’ level, it is at the local level that its effects are felt and realised. This research aimed to answer two questions: is it physically feasible to retrofit existing suburban areas? If so, do they deliver the claimed sustainability benefits? The research considered published recommendations for restructuring existing urban form. The project found that retrofitting the suburbs is feasible and viable at local level and, in some situations, can enable more sustainable lifestyles, in particular improved accessibility, social inclusion, and physical and mental health benefits.
Housing and sustainability: demolition or refurbishment?
Authors: Power A.
Published: November 2010

The demolition or refurbishment of older housing has been an active policy area since the late 1880s in the UK, when the government first authorised the statutory demolition of unsanitary slums. The debate on demolition and new building has been intensified since 2003, with government proposals for large-scale clearance and new construction. This paper summarises the evidence and debate on whether demolition would reduce greenhouse gas emissions from buildings. It examines whether a more achievable and socially beneficial route to reducing energy use in the built environment exists, based on the fact that buildings account for half of the UK's carbon emissions. This paper argues that large-scale and accelerated demolition would neither help with meeting energy and climate change targets, nor would it address social needs. Refurbishment offers clear advantages in time, cost, community impact, prevention of building sprawl, reuse of existing infrastructure and protection of existing communities. It can also lead to significantly reduced energy use in buildings in both the short and long term.
Comment on Kamstra: Additional Reasons to Be Thrilled About Trills
Authors: Wright Robert E.
Published: November 2010

Widespread ownership of Shiller's Trills might help to reduce rent-seeking and could be used to better incentivize government employees, according to Robert E. Wright of Augustana College at Sioux Falls.
Biochemical responses in gills of rainbow trout exposed to propiconazole
Authors: Li Zhi-Hua , Zlabek Vladimir , Grabic Roman , Li Ping , Randak Tomas
Published: November 2010

The aim of this study is to investigate the toxic effect of PCZ, a triazole fungicide commonly present in surface and ground water, on the ROS defense system and Na+-K+-ATPase in gills of rainbow trout exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.2, 50 and 500 μg L−1) for 7, 20 and 30 days. After prolonged exposure of PCZ at higher test concentrations (50 and 500 μg L−1), oxidative stress was apparent as reflected by the significant higher ROS levels in fish gill, as well as the significant inhibition of SOD and CAT activities. In addition, Na+-K+-ATPase activities were significantly lower than those of the control with increasing PCZ concentration and prolonged exposure period. The results of this study indicate that chronic exposure to PCZ has altered multiple physiological indices in fish gill; however, before these parameters are used as unique biomarkers for monitoring residual pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments, more detailed laboratory experiments need to be performed.
Urban Ecological Restoration
Authors: Gobster Paul H.
Published: November 2010

What does ecological restoration mean in an urban context? More than half of the world’s population now lives in cities, and in response to the dynamic patterns of urbanization, a growing number of ecologists, land managers, and volunteers are focusing their efforts in and around cities to restore remnants of natural diversity (Ingram 2008). Ecological restoration is still a quite youthful field, yet many scientists and practitioners hold a relatively fixed set of criteria for what defines a successful restoration project, irrespective of where sites are located. Among the criteria commonly stated, sites should be composed of indigenous species, have a structure and diversity characteristic of currently undisturbed or historically documented “reference” sites, and be maintained through ecological processes such as fire that ensure long-term sustainability with minimal human assistance (Ruiz-Jaén and Aide 2005; SER International 2004). Application of these criteria has led to many ecologically successful restorations, but some ecologists in the field have begun to question whether the same standards can be realistically applied to sites such as those within urban areas that have been radically altered by past human activity (e.g., Martínez and López-Barerra 2008) or are being influenced by novel conditions that result in unpredictable trajectories (Choi 2007). Perhaps more significantly, it is becoming increasingly recognized that the broader viability of restoration projects, especially those in urban areas, hinges on how socially successful they are in gaining public acceptance for restoration activities and practices, building constituencies to assist with implementation and maintenance, and addressing a broader set of sustainability goals that reach beyond the protection of native biodiversity (e.g., Choi et al. 2008; Hobbs 2007; Rosenzweig 2003).
Refueling Satoyama Woodland Restoration in Japan: Enhancing Restoration Practice and Experiences through Woodfuel Utilization
Authors: Terada Toru , Yokohari Makoto , Bolthouse Jay , Tanaka Nobuhiko
Published: November 2010

Urban and peri-urban satoyama woodlands have become focal points of restoration throughout Japan. Prior to the abrupt shift to fossil fuels in the 1950-60s, villages coppiced these woods to produce a sustainable supply of wood fuel, a process that also sustained a dynamic woodland structure rich in biodiversity. Currently, amidst a “satoyama renaissance,” thousands of volunteer groups are restoring management to abandoned woods. Yet while volunteers are the main drivers of the satoyama renaissance, volunteer management tends to be limited in spatial extent and focused on the “parkification” of woodlands. Through a case study of four satoyama restoration scenarios we found that reintroduction of coppicing for wood fuel—“refueling”—can play a role in addressing climate change through fossil fuel substitution. We suggest that this literal refueling of satoyama restoration could, in a more metaphorical sense, help to refuel restoration efforts by strengthening both restoration practice and the authenticity of restoration experiences.
From the Ground Up: Why Urban Ecological Restoration Needs Environmental Justice
Authors: Palamar Colette
Published: November 2010

While increasing urbanization intensifies the need for ecological restoration in densely populated areas, projects implemented in urban settings are often beset with conflicts stemming from a mismatch between traditional restoration practices and social realities. As ecological restoration practitioners seek to protect and remediate urban ecosystems, I contend that the broad set of principles developed by the environmental justice movement can provide an excellent conceptual framework for integrating social ecologies into restoration plans. Successful integration is constrained, however, by a number of challenges both within the Principles of Environmental Justice and ecological restoration theory and practice. Using a case study of New York City's Green Guerillas community gardening program, I show how the principles can begin to be operationalized to provide an effective grounding methodology for the design, development, and implementation of urban restoration projects.
A New Triterpenoid from Traditional Chinese Medicine Poria Cocos
Authors: Yang Libin , Qin Bei , Feng Suomin , Liu Shaojing , Song Xiaomei
Published: November 2010

A new triterpenoid, 3,4-secolanosta-4(28),7,9,24Z-tetraen-3,26-dioic acid, along with two known compounds 16-deoxyporicoic acid B and 3-epidehydrotrametenolic acid were isolated from the dried sclerotia of Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae). The structures are elucidated by spectroscopic methods and literatures.
Rongalite®-Promoted Odourless and Highly Regioselective Synthesis of β-Hydroxyselenides under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Lv Guangshu , Li Ting , Hu Ruijia , Chen Jiuxi , Ding Jinchang , Wu Huayue
Published: November 2010

An efficient and facile procedure for the odourless and highly regioselective synthesis of β-hydroxyselenides by the ring-opening of epoxides with 1,2-diphenyldiselenide in the presence of Rongalite® and K2CO3 under solvent-free conditions on grinding has been developed. The important features of this methodology are high yields, reasonably rapid reaction rate, simple workup, high regioselectivity and no requirement for metal catalysts.
The Sulfonamide Motif as a Synthetic Tool
Authors: Wilden Jonathan D.
Published: November 2010

Sulfonamides are well known motifs in medicinal chemistry, forming a large family of antibacterial agents as well as being found in numerous other drugs. The chemistry of this functional group, however, is less well documented. This review seeks to bring together the various applications and advantages of this motif in organic synthesis, which includes the sulfonamide as an activating group, protecting group, leaving group and as a molecular scaffold.
Synthesis of (E)-α,β-Unsaturated Ketones by Hydrostannylation-Stille Tandem Reaction of Alkylarylacetylenes with Acyl Chlorides
Authors: Li Jianying , Yu Yan , Hao Wenyan , Cai Mingzhong
Published: November 2010

( E)-α,β-Unsaturated ketones can be stereoselectively synthesised in one pot under mild conditions, in good yields, by the hydrostannylation of alkylaryl- acetylenes, followed by the Stille cross-coupling with acyl chlorides.