bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turning Language Inside Out in Beckett’s Not I
Authors: ÇOKAY NEBİOĞLU Rahime
Published: January 2019

Beckett'in tiyatro oyunları dilin ve öznelliğin sınırlarını, dil ve öznenin içten yıkımını gerçekleştirene değin zorlar. Bu sınırların zorlanıp esnetilmesi, aslında bir bakıma bu sınırlar içerisinde ve bu sınırlar sayesinde yaratılan epistemolojik kategorilerin ortadan kaldırılma girişimidir. Not I (1972), dilin ve öznelliğin olasılıklarının en son noktasına kadar zorlanıp esnetildiği ve sonuç olarak dil ve öznenin ters yüz edilip kendi sınırlarının dışına ulaştığı oyunlardan biridir. Dilin ve öznelliğin içi ve dışıyla yapılan bu radikal oynamalar, Lacan'ın özün oluşumu ve yıkımına dair teorilerinin somut birer yansıması gibidir. Ancak dilin ve öznelliğin sınırlarını irdelerken, Beckett Lacan'a göre oldukça olumlayıcı bir yaklaşım sergiler. Lacancı psikanalizde, parçalanmış dil ve özne psikotik çöküntünün belirtisi olarak kabul edilip bir acı ve sorun kaynağı olarak görülürken, Beckett'te yaratıcı ve iyileştirici bir karşı gelişi temsil eder. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma Not I oyununu Lacan'ın teorileri ışığında incelemeyi ve oyunun öznenin dil içerisindeki konumunu bir yandan nasıl somutlaştırdığını ve bir yandan da nasıl sorunsallaştırdığını, Lacan ve Beckett'in düşünceleri arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıklara ışık tutarak irdelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Open Access to Digitized Cultural Heritage: A Model Proposal for Turkey
Authors: ÖZTEMİZ Semanur , YILMAZ Bülent
Published: January 2019

Küreselleşmenin etkisiyle homojenleşen kültürel değerler, ulusları yerel kültürlerini kaybetme riskiyle karşı karşıya bırakmıştır. Kültür varlıklarının korunmasına ve ait olduğu toplumla birlikte tanınmasına ilişkin duyarlılık, kültürel miras ürünlerini sürdürülebilir bir anlayışla koruma ve kitlesel düzeyde erişilebilir kılma çabalarını artırmıştır. Kültürel miras ürünlerine engelsiz erişim kütüphane, arşiv ve müze gibi kültürel bellek kurumlarının dijital kapılarını aralamaları ve web üzerindeki görünürlüklerini artırmalarıyla sağlanabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı -Türkiye örneğinde- dijitalleştirilen kültürel mirasa açık erişim sağlanmasına öncülük edecek bir model önermektir. Kültürel mirasa açık erişimin yasal, teknik, idari ve mali süreçlerine rehberlik etmesi beklenen modelin, kültürel miras ürünlerinin evrensel düzeyde keşfedilmesine, bireysel ve toplumsal bağlamda yaratıcılığın gelişmesine ve kültürel miras yönetiminde standart yaklaşımların benimsenmesine de katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Haset ve Kıskançlığın Tanımlanması ve Klinik Görünümü
Authors: TUNA Ezgi
Published: January 2019

Haset ve kıskançlık, birbirinden önemli noktalarda ayrışan; fakat günlük hayatta sıkça birbiriyle karıştırılan karmaşık duygulardır. Haset, bir başkasının sahip olduğu ve bizde olmayan bir şey ya da özellik karşısında hissettiğimiz duygu iken; kıskançlık, bizim için önemli bir ilişkinin üçüncü bir kişinin varlığı sebebiyle tehdit altında olduğunu düşündüğümüzde ortaya çıkan duygudur. Dolayısıyla, hasette iki kişilik, kıskançlıkta ise üç kişilik bir yapı mevcuttur. Melanie Klein'a göre haset doğumdan sonra bebeğin meme ile kurduğu sevgi ve nefret ilişkisinde temellenir; kıskançlık ise gelişimsel olarak hasetten sonra gelir ve hasetin çözümlenmesinde rol oynar. Haset ve kıskançlık, temelde işlevsel duygular olsa da, kişinin ve ilişkilerin işlevselliğini bozarak patolojik boyuta ulaşabilirler. Bu makalede haset ve kıskançlık tanımlanmış, birbirleriyle benzer ve farklı yanları ortaya konulmuş ve hangi durumlarda işlevselliklerini yitirerek psikopatolojinin bir parçası oldukları incelenmiştir.
Üniversite Kütüphanelerinde Kurumsal İmaj Oluşumunda Etkili Olan Unsurlar ve Kütüphane Kullanımı Üzerindeki Rolü
Authors: GEDİKÇİ ÖNDOĞAN Ayşe
Published: January 2019

Kurumların nasıl algılandıklarına ve tanındıklarına ilişkin değerlendirmelerden oluşan kurumsal imaj, kurumun dışa yansıyan bir görüntüsü olup paydaşları ile olan ilişkileri doğrultusunda oluşur ve şekillenir. Üniversite bünyesinde yürütülen eğitim-öğretim ve araştırma faaliyetleri açısından büyük bir role sahip olan üniversite kütüphanesinin kurumsal imajının ele alındığı bu çalışma bir üniversite kütüphanesi için kurumsal imaj oluşumunda etkili olan unsurların belirlenmesi, önem derecelerinin tespiti ve kütüphane kullanımı ile kurumsal imaj arasındaki ilişkisinin ortaya konulması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören ve kota örneklem yöntemine göre belirlenmiş 400 lisans öğrencisine yapılandırılmış anket uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda katılımcıların başta altyapı unsurlarını temsil eden kütüphane vizyonu ve kütüphane misyonu ifadeleri ile soyut imaj unsurları arasında yer alan “Eğitim-öğretim hayatıma olumlu yönde katkı sağlama”, maddelerine katılım düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu; bunu iç imaj unsurları ve dış imaj unsurlarının takip ettiği görülmüştür. Barındırdığı çeşitlilik nedeniyle fiziksel unsurlar, hizmet unsurları ve halkla ilişkiler unsurları olarak alt başlıklar şeklinde incelenen dış imaj unsurları arasında ise en yüksek katılım oranı hizmet unsurlarıyla ilgili maddelere olmuştur. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda bir hizmet kurumu olan üniversite kütüphanelerinde kurumsal imaja etki eden unsurların birbiri ile ilişki içerisinde bulundukları ve birbirlerini etkiledikleri değerlendirmesinde bulunulabilir. Ayrıca, olumlu bir kütüphane imajı ile kütüphane kullanımı arasında doğru orantılı bir ilişki olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Baba-Oğul-Otorite Üçgeninde “Kırmızı Saçlı Kadın” ve “Trans-Atlantik”
Authors: YÜCE Neşe Munise
Published: January 2019

Baba- oğul ilişkisi insan yaşamının en önemli ve belki de en zor ilişkisidir. Genelde babalar gerçekleştiremedikleri arzularını oğulları aracılığıyla yaşamak ister, bir anlamda oğullarını özel projeleri gibi görürler. Oğullarsa çoğu zaman, üzerlerinde kurulan veya kurulmak istenen otoriteye belli bir yaşa geldiklerinde karşı çıkarak, babalarının arzularından çok kendi arzu ve hayallerini gerçekleştirecekleri bir yaşam seçerler. Olaylar böyle gelişince de baba ve oğul arasında bir çatışma çıkması çoğu zaman kaçınılmaz olur. S. Freud, baba-oğul mücadelesinin tek sebebi olarak “ödipus kompleksini gösterir. S. Freud, “Totem ve Tabu” adlı kitabında bu mücadeleden söz eder ve baba-oğul mücadelesinin bilinçaltı dürtülerle geliştiğini öne sürer. Freud, baba-oğul mücadelesinin temelinde ödipal bir çatışma görür. Bu psikolojik motifin, bir başka deyişle, insanlığın varoluşundan bu yana devam eden bu sancılı motifin yani baba-oğul ilişkisinin edebiyatın en başat motiflerinden biri olduğu aşikârdır. Disiplinler arası bir düşünceyle yapılacak olan bu çalışmada biri Türk diğeri Polonyalı, ama dünya ölçeğinde ün kazanmış iki yazarın (Orhan Pamuk'un “Kırmızı Saçlı Kadın” ve Witold Gombrowicz'in “Trans- Atlantik”) romanlarında “babayı ve oğlu öldürme” arketipine değinilecektir. Yapılan çalışmada, bu “öldürme arzusu”nu” Erich Fromm'un ödipus kompleksine yaklaşımıyla, yani bu çatışmayı ataerkil bir toplumda oğulun baba otoritesine isyanının sembolü olarak ele almak amaçlanmaktadır. Polonya toplumu ve Türk toplumunun erkek otoritesine dayanan örgütlenme düzenini karşılaştırmak amacıyla yapılacak olan bu çalışmada, iki toplum arasında bu bağlamdaki ciddi benzerlikler ele alınan iki roman ölçeğinde gösterilmeye ve her iki romanın da “oğullarına değer vermeyen” toplumlar için bir meydan okuma olduğu kanıtlanmaya çalışılacaktır.
Are you mobile, too? The role played by social networks in the intention to move abroad among youth in Europe
Authors: Herz Andreas , Díaz-Chorne Laura , Díaz-Catalán Celia , Altissimo Alice , Carignani Sahizer Samuk
Published: January 2019

Young people are mobile across Europe and transnational mobility is seen as a differentiating factor enabling them to gain personal and professional experience. While relationships are seen as important for mobility, the relevance of personal networks to young people´s thoughts of moving abroad has not received adequate attention. Specifically, different types of relationships with (non-)mobile others to whom young people are connected have not yet been studied as one origin of their thoughts of moving abroad. Grounded in quantitative data from the European H2020 project MOVE (n=5,499) we show that in addition to different aspects of unequal mobility opportunities (young people’s and parents’ socio-demographic status, prior mobility experience, country of residence, occupation) the constitution of young people’s network has a bearing on their mobility prospects. Our results show that young people´s thoughts of moving abroad differ between European countries, decrease with age, increase among students, and increase when respondents and significant others in their networks (parents, partners, friends, other relatives) have prior experience of mobility.
Sosyal Hizmet Uzmanlarının Kişisel Ve Mesleki Güç Algıları Ölçeğinin Geçerlilik Ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: Kırlıoğlu Mehmet , Karakuş Özlem
Published: January 2019

Bu
çalışma sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının sahip olduğu bireysel güç ve mesleki olarak
kendini algılamayı yansıtmak için tasarlanmış "Sosyal Hizmet Uzmanlarının
Kişisel ve Mesleki Güç Algıları Ölçeği"nin uyarlanması amacını
taşımaktadır. Bu genel amaç doğrultusunda çalışmanın iki
amacı bulunmaktadır. Araştırma, tarama modelinde yapılmıştır.
Geçerlilik için üç farklı analiz yapılmıştır. Bunlar: Kendall Uyuşum Katsayısı,
Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) ve Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon
Katsayısı Analizi'dir. Kendall Uyuşum Katsayısı Analizi için beş akademisyen
uzman görüşü alınmıştır. DFA için toplamda 401 sosyal hizmet uzmanına
ulaşılmıştır. Ölçüt geçerliliği için 104 sosyal hizmet uzmanına Sosyal Hizmet
Uzmanlarının Kişisel ve Mesleki Güç Algıları Ölçeği ile birlikte Yılmazlık
Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Güvenirlik için madde istatistikleri, testi yarılma,
Cronbach Alpha Katsayısı ve test-tekrar test yöntemlerinden faydanılmıştır.
Çalışma kapsamında Frans (1993)
tarafından geçerlik ve güvenirliği yapılmış Sosyal Hizmet Uzmanlarının Kişisel
ve Mesleki Güç Algısı Ölçeği’nin uyarlaması yapılmış olup ölçeğin hem dil hem
yapı hem de benzer ölçekler bakımından geçerli ve oldukça güvenilir olduğu,
zamansal olarak değişim göstermediği saptanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında uyarlanan
ölçeğin sivil toplum kuruluşları gibi farklı örgütsel ortamlarda çalışan sosyal
hizmet uzmanları gibi farklı örneklemlerde ve
sosyal hizmet uzmanlarına yönelik eğitimsel çalışmalarda kullanılması önerilmektedir.
KORUYUCU AİLE DERNEKLERİNE ÜYE OLAN KORUYUCU AİLELERİN BU MODELE İLİŞKİN DENEYİM VE DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: Certel Nurgül
Published: January 2019

Bu araştırmanın
amacı, koruyucu ailelerin koruyucu aile sistemi ve sürecine ilişkin
değerlendirmelerinden yola çıkarak bu modelde yaşanan sorunları ve sürecin tüm
yönlerini koruyucu aile sistemi içerisindeki unsurları göz önünde bulundurarak
anlamaktır. Bu bilgiler ışığında koruyucu aile modelinin geliştirilmesi için
sosyal politika ve sosyal hizmetlerin geliştirilmesine yönelik önerilerde
bulunulmaktadır. Niteliksel araştırma
modeliyle tasarlanan araştırmada, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu
aracılığıyla Denizli ve İstanbul Koruyucu Aile Derneklerine bağlı 26 koruyucu
ebeveyn ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Denizli Koruyucu Aile Derneğine üye olan 13
koruyucu ebeveyn, İstanbul Koruyucu Aile Derneğine üye olan 13 koruyucu ebeveyn
ile yapılan görüşmeler kuramsal bilgiler temelinde analiz edilerek
yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları;
koruyucu aile olma motivasyonu, bilgilendirme ve eğitim, uyum süreci, biyolojik
aile ve koruyucu ailelerin sisteme ve sürece ilişkin genel değerlendirmeleri
temaları altında yorumlanmıştır.
Sosyal Hizmette Toplum Merkezleri
Authors: Buz Sema , Ayyıldız Ali Artam
Published: January 2019

Toplumsal refah merkezleri işlevi taşıyan “Toplum Merkezleri” dünya genelinde en dinamik sosyal kurumlar olarak ele alınmaktadır. Toplum refahı amaçlı merkezler hareketi yirminci yüzyılın başlarında Avrupa ve Amerika kıtasında “Yerleşim Evleri” ve “Komşuluk Merkezleri” adıyla yoksullara ya da dezavantajlı insanlara öncelik veren toplum merkezleri ile başlamıştır. Günümüzde farklı etkinlikler düzenlense de halen yoksullara yönelik toplum temelli hizmetlerin sürdürülmesinde birçok toplum merkezi değişik adlarla faaliyet göstermektedir. Toplum merkezleri yerleşim evleri hareketinin önemli bir mirası olarak toplumda yaşanan sorunlara ilgi uyandırmayı, insanları sorun ve gereksinimler hakkında bilinçlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ülkemizde de yapılanma örnekleri bulunan toplum merkezleriyle ilgili olarak son yıllarda sosyal hizmet alanında çalışanlar kendi mesleki köklerine atıfla yerleşim evleri çalışma yönteminin öncelik kazandığını belirtmektedir. Bu çalışmada toplum merkezleri tarihsel gelişimi ile ele alınarak toplumsal gereksinimlere oluşturduğu yanıtlar değerlendirilmektedir.
Aeromedical Decision Making in Internal Jugular Phlebectasia
Authors: Khatua Sushree Sangita , Sannigrahi Polash , Dahiya Mona , Rastogi Prathu , Raheem Abdul
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND: Internal jugular phlebectasia (IJP) is an uncommon entity with only about 100 reported cases and with very few available cases in the literature. The current case study is about a male trainee fighter pilot incidentally diagnosed to have IJP. With limited literary
evidence, it was a complex task to predict the prognosis of IJP and its implications on fighter flying.CASE REPORT: In order to confirm the diagnosis, a preliminary study was carried out to find out the normal and expanded area of the internal jugular vein (IJV) of 30 volunteers.
The expanded area of the right IJV of the trainee pilot fell beyond 1 SD of the study population, confirming the diagnosis of IJP in the trainee pilot.DISCUSSION: Aeromedical concerns were the anti-G straining maneuver, positive pressure breathing for G, negative Gz,
modified Valsalva maneuver, and rapid decompression. Considering the potential progression of IJP by repeated exposure to aviation stresses, the trainee pilot was re-assigned to helicopters.Khatua SS, Sannigrahi P, Dahiya M, Rastogi P, Raheem A. Aeromedical decision making in internal jugular phlebectasia. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(2):132–134.
Barodontalgia Among Aircrew and Divers
Authors: Nakdimon Idan , Zadik Yehuda
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND: Barodontalgia, barometric pressure-induced dental pain, may jeopardize diving/flight safety. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the rate of barodontalgia among military and civilian divers and aircrews based on previous reports.METHODS:
We analyzed the data of 4894 aircrew/divers reported in the literature. Barodontalgia rates (flight vs. diving, military vs. civilian, pressurized vs. non-pressurized aircrafts) were analyzed. The Chi-squared test was used to compare between groups.RESULTS: Of the 4894 individuals,
402 (8.2%) suffered from barodontalgia. Divers (9.8%) were more vulnerable than aircrews (5.8%). Barodontalgia experience rate was 5.4% and 6.5% in military and civilian aircrews, respectively, and 7.3% and 12.8% in military and civilian scuba divers, respectively. Barodontalgia was more common
among aircrews of pressurized than non-pressurized aircrafts (7.3% vs. 3.2%, respectively).DISCUSSION: The greater amplitude of barometric pressure changes explains the higher rate of barodontalgia in divers than aircrew. The higher rate during pressurized flights is possibly because
intracabin pressure in the pressurized cabin is still routinely higher than in nonpressurized aircrafts. Improved oral care and mandatory annual dental checkups may be the reason for the significantly lower rate of barodontalgia experienced among military aircrews and divers compared to their
civilian counterparts. These results emphasize the essential role of atmospheric pressure change in the generation of pain during flight or diving and the importance of proper dental care.Nakdimon I, Zadik Y. Barodontalgia among aircrew and divers. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(2):128–131.
Emotional Intelligence and Emotional State Effects on Simulated Flight Performance
Authors: Dai Jing , Wang Hang , Yang Lin , Wen Zhihong
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND: Flight cadets’ emotion is a factor of great importance to flight training. So it is of profound significance to address how emotional factors affect flight training performance. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence
(EI) and simulated flight performance (SFP), and explore the mechanism of emotional state as a mediator in the effect of EI on SFP.METHODS: Ninety undergraduates took part in the study. EI (Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale), neuroticism (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
Revised), anxiety (State Anxiety Inventory), and tension (Profile of Mood States) were collected. Conducted were 9 h of simulated flight training in a simulator of the Type 6 Primary Trainer. The Delphi Experts Grading Method was used to assess students’ SFP. Mediation effect of emotional
state was explored using regression analysis.RESULTS: EI was significantly correlated with neuroticism (r = −0.31), tension (r = −0.31), and anxiety (r = −0.31), respectively. Multiple mediation effects showed that emotional state mediated the association between
EI and SFP. Tension especially mediated the associations between the Self Emotion Appraisals and Regulation of Emotion dimensions of EI and SFP. However, the Use of Emotion dimension of EI had a direct negative effect on SFP without the mediating role of emotional state.DISCUSSION:
The findings indicated that EI was significantly correlated with emotional state (neuroticism, tension, and anxiety). EI may directly or indirectly affect SFP and tension played an important mediating role. Implications for the promotion of EI and emotional state to enhance performance in
real flight training are discussed.Dai J, Wang H, Yang L, Wen Z. Emotional intelligence and emotional state effects on simulated flight performance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(2):101–108.
First synthesis of cryptands with sucrose scaffold
Authors: Sokołowska Patrycja , Kowalski Michał , Jarosz Sławomir
Published: January 2019

Cryptands with sucrose scaffold, an unknown class of such derivatives, were prepared from the readily available 2,3,3’,4,4’-penta-O-benzylsucrose and 1’,2,3,3’,4,4’-hexa-O-benzylsucrose.
Early-stage Solar Energetic Particle Acceleration by Coronal Mass Ejection-driven Shocks with Realistic Seed Spectra. I. Low Corona
Authors: Kozarev Kamen A. , Dayeh Maher A. , Farahat Ashraf
Published: January 2019

An outstanding problem in heliospheric physics is understanding the acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs) in coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and flares. A fundamental question is whether the acceleration occurs in interplanetary space or near the Sun. Recent work has shown that CME-driven shocks may produce SEPs while still below five solar radii. In this work we explore SEP acceleration during the onset of CMEs and shocks even lower in the corona, using realistic suprathermal spectra, for a selection of events. We have calculated quiet-time, pre-event suprathermal particle spectra from 1 au observations, and scaled them back to the low corona to serve as seed spectra. For each event, AIA observations and the CASHeW framework were used to model the compressive/shock wave kinematics and its interaction with the corona. The proton acceleration was then modeled using an analytic diffusive shock acceleration model as the shock waves propagate between ∼1.05 and ∼1.3 solar radii. We demonstrate the capability of low coronal shock-related extreme ultraviolet waves to accelerate protons to multi-MeV energies in a matter of minutes, in the very early stages of the associated solar eruptions. We find that strong proton energization occurs for high values of the density jump, Alfvén Mach number, and shock speed. In future work the results of this early-stage shock acceleration will be used to model the continued acceleration higher in the corona.
Measurement of the Core-collapse Progenitor Mass Distribution of the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Auchettl Katie , Lopez Laura A. , Badenes Carles , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Beacom John F. , Holland-Ashford Tyler
Published: January 2019

The physics of core-collapse (CC) supernovae (SNe) and how the explosions depend on progenitor properties are central questions in astronomy. For only a handful of SNe, the progenitor star has been identified in pre-explosion images. Supernova remnants (SNRs), which are observed long after the original SN event, provide a unique opportunity to increase the number of progenitor measurements. Here we systematically examine the stellar populations in the vicinities of 23 known SNRs in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using the star formation history (SFH) maps of Harris & Zaritsky. We combine the results with constraints on the SNR metal abundances and environment from X-ray and optical observations. We find that 22 SNRs in the SMC have local SFHs and properties consistent with a CC explosion, several of which are likely to have been high-mass progenitors. This result supports recent theoretical findings that high-mass progenitors can produce successful explosions. We estimate the mass distribution of the CC progenitors and find that this distribution is similar to a Salpeter IMF (within the uncertainties), while this result is shallower than the mass distribution found in M31 and M33 by Jennings et al. and Díaz-Rodríguez et al. using a similar approach. Additionally, we find that a number of the SMC SNRs exhibit a burst of star formation between 50 and 200 Myr ago. As these sources are likely CC, this signature may be indicative of massive stars undergoing delayed CC as a consequence of binary interaction, rapid rotation, or low metallicity. In addition, the lack of Type Ia SNRs in the SMC is possibly a result of the short visibility times of these sources, as they may fall below the sensitivity limits of current radio observations.
How to Constrain Your M Dwarf. II. The Mass–Luminosity–Metallicity Relation from 0.075 to 0.70 Solar Masses
Authors: Mann Andrew W. , Dupuy Trent , Kraus Adam L. , Gaidos Eric , Ansdell Megan , Ireland Michael , Rizzuto Aaron C. , Hung Chao-Ling , Dittmann Jason , Factor Samuel , Feiden Gregory , Martinez Raquel A. , Ruíz-Rodríguez Dary , Chia Thao Pa
Published: January 2019

The mass–luminosity relation for late-type stars has long been a critical tool for estimating stellar masses. However, there is growing need for both a higher-precision relation and a better understanding of systematic effects (e.g., metallicity). Here we present an empirical relationship between

and M
* spanning 0.075 M
⊙ < M
* < 0.70 M
⊙. The relation is derived from 62 nearby binaries, whose orbits we determine using a combination of Keck/NIRC2 imaging, archival adaptive optics data, and literature astrometry. From their orbital parameters, we determine the total mass of each system, with a precision better than 1% in the best cases. We use these total masses, in combination with resolved K

S
magnitudes and system parallaxes, to calibrate the

–M
* relation. The resulting posteriors can be used to determine masses of single stars with a precision of 2%–3%, which we confirm by testing the relation on stars with individual dynamical masses from the literature. The precision is limited by scatter around the best-fit relation beyond measured M
* uncertainties, perhaps driven by intrinsic variation in the

–M
* relation or underestimated uncertainties in the input parallaxes. We find that the effect of [Fe/H] on the

–M
* relation is likely negligible for metallicities in the solar neighborhood (0.0% ± 2.2% change in mass per dex change in [Fe/H]). This weak effect is consistent with predictions from the Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database, but inconsistent with those from MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (at 5σ). A sample of binaries with a wider range of abundances will be required to discern the importance of metallicity in extreme populations (e.g., in the Galactic halo or thick disk).
Delayed Circumstellar Interaction for Type Ia SN 2015cp Revealed by an HST Ultraviolet Imaging Survey
Authors: Graham M. L. , Harris C. E. , Nugent P. E. , Maguire K. , Sullivan M. , Smith M. , Valenti S. , Goobar A. , Fox O. D. , Shen K. J. , Kelly P. L. , McCully C. , Brink T. G. , Filippenko A. V.
Published: January 2019

The nature and role of the binary companion of carbon–oxygen white dwarf stars that explode as Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are not yet fully understood. Past detections of circumstellar material (CSM) that contain hydrogen for a small number of SN Ia progenitor systems suggest that at least some have a nondegenerate companion. In order to constrain the prevalence, location, and quantity of CSM in SN Ia systems, we performed a near-ultraviolet (NUV) survey with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to look for the high-energy signature of SN Ia ejecta interacting with the CSM. Our survey revealed that SN 2015cp, an SN 1991T-like overluminous SN Ia, was experiencing late-onset interaction between its ejecta and the surrounding CSM 664 days after its light-curve peak. We present ground- and space-based follow-up observations of SN 2015cp that reveal optical emission lines of H and Ca, typical signatures of ejecta–CSM interaction. We show how SN 2015cp was likely similar to the well-studied SN Ia–CSM event PTF11kx, making it the second case in which an unambiguously classified SN Ia was observed to interact with a distant shell of CSM that contains hydrogen (R
CSM ≳ 1016 cm). The remainder of our HST NUV images of SNe Ia were nondetections that we use to constrain the occurrence rate of observable late-onset CSM interaction. We apply theoretical models for the emission from ejecta–CSM interaction to our NUV nondetections and place upper limits on the mass and radial extent of CSM in SN Ia progenitor systems.
The Dimming of RW Auriga: Is Dust Accretion Preceding an Outburst?
Authors: Gárate Matías , Birnstiel Til , Stammler Sebastian Markus , Günther Hans Moritz
Published: January 2019

RW Aur A has experienced various dimming events in recent years, decreasing its brightness by ∼2 mag for periods of months to years. Multiple observations indicate that a high concentration of dust grains, from the protoplanetary disk’s inner regions, is blocking the starlight during these events. We propose a new mechanism that can send large amounts of dust close to the star on short timescales, through the reactivation of a dead zone in the protoplanetary disk. Using numerical simulations, we model the accretion of gas and dust, along with the growth and fragmentation of particles in this scenario. We find that after the reactivation of the dead zone, the accumulated dust is rapidly accreted toward the star in around 15 yr, at rates of

and reaching dust-to-gas ratios of ϵ ≈ 5, preceding an increase in the gas accretion by a few years. This sudden rise of dust accretion can provide the material required for the dimmings, although the question of how to put the dust into the line of sight remains open to speculation.
Extremely Massive Quasars Are Not Good Proxies for Dense Environments Compared to Massive Galaxies: Environments of Extremely Massive Quasars and Galaxies
Authors: Yoon Yongmin , Im Myungshin , Hyun Minhee , David Jun Hyunsung , Hwang Narae , Kim Minjin , Park Byeong-Gon
Published: January 2019

Black hole mass scaling relations suggest that extremely massive black holes (EMBHs) with M
BH ≳ 109.4
M
⊙ are found in the most massive galaxies with M
star ≳ 1011.6
M
⊙, which are commonly found in dense environments, like galaxy clusters. Therefore, one can expect that there is a close connection between active EMBHs and dense environments. Here, we study the environments of 9461 galaxies and 2943 quasars at 0.24 ≤ z ≤ 0.40, among which 52 are extremely massive quasars with

, using Sloan Digital Sky Survey and MMT Hectospec data. We find that, on average, both massive quasars and massive galaxies reside in environments more than ∼2 times as dense as those of their less massive counterparts with

. However, massive quasars reside in environments about ∼2 times less dense than inactive galaxies with

, and only about one third of massive quasars are found in galaxy clusters, while about two thirds of massive galaxies reside in such clusters. This indicates that massive galaxies are a much better signpost for galaxy clusters than massive quasars. The prevalence of massive quasars in moderate to low density environments is puzzling, considering that several simulation results show that these quasars appear to prefer dense environments. Several possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed, although further investigation is needed to obtain a definite explanation.
The Limits of the Primitive Equations of Dynamics for Warm, Slowly Rotating Small Neptunes and Super Earths
Authors: Mayne N. J. , Drummond B. , Debras F. , Jaupart E. , Manners J. , Boutle I. A. , Baraffe I. , Kohary K.
Published: January 2019

We present significant differences in the simulated atmospheric flow for warm, tidally locked small Neptunes and super Earths (based on a nominal GJ 1214b) when solving the simplified, and commonly used, primitive dynamical equations or the full Navier–Stokes equations. The dominant prograde, superrotating zonal jet is markedly different between the simulations, which are performed using practically identical numerical setups, within the same model. The differences arise due to the breakdown of the so-called “shallow-fluid” and traditional approximations, which worsens when rotation rates are slowed, and day–night temperature contrasts are increased. The changes in the zonal advection between simulations solving the full and simplified equations, give rise to significant differences in the atmospheric redistribution of heat, altering the position of the hottest part of the atmosphere and temperature contrast between the daysides and nightsides. The implications for the atmospheric chemistry, and therefore, observations need to be studied with a model including a more detailed treatment of the radiative transfer and chemistry. Small Neptunes and super Earths are extremely abundant and important, potentially bridging the structural properties (mass, radius, and composition) of terrestrial and gas giant planets. Our results indicate care is required when interpreting the output of models solving the primitive equations of motion for such planets.
Proton Acceleration in Colliding Stellar Wind Binaries
Authors: Grimaldo Emanuele , Reimer Anita , Kissmann Ralf , Niederwanger Felix , Reitberger Klaus
Published: January 2019

The interaction between the strong winds in stellar colliding-wind binary (CWB) systems produces two shock fronts, delimiting the wind-collision region (WCR). There, particles are expected to be accelerated mainly via diffusive shock acceleration. We investigate the injection and acceleration of protons in typical CWB systems by means of Monte Carlo simulations, with both a test-particle approach and a nonlinear method modeling a shock locally modified by the backreaction of the accelerated protons. We use magnetohydrodynamic simulations to determine the background plasma in the WCR and its vicinity. This allows us to consider particle acceleration at both shocks, on either side of the WCR, with a realistic large-scale magnetic field. We highlight the possible effects of particle acceleration on the local shock profiles at the WCR. We include the effect of magnetic field amplification, due to resonant-streaming instability, and compare results without and with the backreaction of the accelerated protons. In the latter case, we find a lower flux of the nonthermal proton population and a considerable magnetic field amplification. This would significantly increase the synchrotron losses of relativistic electrons accelerated in CWB systems, lowering the maximal energy they can reach and strongly reducing the inverse Compton fluxes. As a result, γ-rays from CWBs would be predominantly due to the decay of neutral pions produced in nucleon–nucleon collisions. This might provide a way to explain why, in the vast majority of cases, CWB systems have not been identified as γ-ray sources, although they emit synchrotron radiation.
Exoplanets in the Antarctic Sky. II. 116 Transiting Exoplanet Candidates Found by AST3-II (CHESPA) within the Southern CVZ of TESS
Authors: Zhang 张 Hui 辉 , Yu Zhouyi , Liang Ensi , Yang Ming , Ashley Michael C. B. , Cui Xiangqun , Du Fujia , Fu Jianning , Gong Xuefei , Gu Bozhong , Hu Yi , Jiang Peng , Liu Huigen , Lawrence Jon , Liu Qiang , Li Xiaoyan , Li Zhengyang , Ma Bin , Mould Jeremy , Shang Zhaohui , Suntzeff Nicholas B. , Tao Charling , Tian Qiguo , Tinney C. G. , Uddin Syed A. , Wang Lifan , Wang Songhu , Wang Xiaofeng , Wei Peng , Wright Duncan , Wu Xuefeng , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Xu Lingzhe , Yang Shi-hai , Yu Ce , Yuan Xiangyan , Zheng Jessica , Zhou Hongyan , Zhou Ji-lin , Zhu Zhenxi
Published: January 2019

We report first results from the CHinese Exoplanet Searching Program from Antarctica (CHESPA)—a wide-field high-resolution photometric survey for transiting exoplanets carried out using telescopes of the AST3 (Antarctic Survey Telescopes times 3) project. There are now three telescopes (AST3-I, AST3-II, and CSTAR-II) operating at Dome A—the highest point on the Antarctic Plateau—in a fully automatic and remote mode to exploit the superb observing conditions of the site, and its long and uninterrupted polar nights. The search for transiting exoplanets is one of the key projects for AST3. During the austral winters of 2016 and 2017 we used the AST3-II telescope to survey a set of target fields near the southern ecliptic pole, falling within the continuous viewing zone of the TESS mission. The first data release of the 2016 data, including images, catalogs, and light curves of 26,578 bright stars (

), was presented in Zhang et al. The best precision, as measured by the rms of the light curves at the optimum magnitude of the survey (

), is around 2 mmag. We detect 222 objects with plausible transit signals from these data, 116 of which are plausible transiting exoplanet candidates according to their stellar properties as given by the TESS Input Catalog, Gaia DR2, and TESS-HERMES spectroscopy. With the first data release from TESS expected in late 2018, this candidate list will be timely for improving the rejection of potential false-positives.
Optical characteristics of single crystal Gd3Al2Ga3O12 : Ce
Authors: Kozlova Nina S. , Buzanov Oleg A. , Kasimova Valentina M. , Kozlova Anna P. , Zabelina Evgeniya V.
Published: January 2019

New emerging high-energy radiation detection techniques are based on the use of rare-earth ion doped materials. There is a great demand for new inorganic scintillators for medical applications, including X-ray and g radiation detection. In these applications, the new scintillating materials must comply with the main requirements such as high optical quality, high light yield, short response time etc. Materials satisfying these requirements include Gd3Al2Ga3O12: Ce (GAGG : Ce) scintillating single crystals. By now the optical characteristics of GAGG : Ce have been studied insufficiently. We have therefore measured the spectral reflectance and transmittance characteristics of these crystals using optical spectroscopy in the 200–750 nm range. We have also measured the absorbance and refractive indices and the extinction coefficients, and assessed the optical band gap for GAGG : Ce crystals. For measuring the refractive indices, we have used two spectrophotometric methods, i.e. by the measured Brewster angle and by the reflectance for low incidence angles, i.e., close to the normal. Based on the results we have drawn up the dispersion functions of the refractive indices.
X-ray peak profile analysis of CoAl2O4 nanoparticles by Williamson-Hall and size-strain plot methods
Authors: Irfan H. , Mohamed Racik K , Anand S.
Published: January 2019

CoAl2O4nanoparticles were prepared by a sol-gel process using citric acid as chelating agent with different calcination temperatures of 600 to 900 °C. The crystalline spinel cubic phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction results. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) revealed that nanoparticles of CoAl2O4morphology showed spherical forms with a certain degree of agglomeration. The Williamson-Hall (W-H) method and size-strain method to evaluate the size of crystallites and strain in the CoAl2O4nanoparticles peak broadening were applied. Physical parameters such as strain and stress values were calculated for all XRD reflection peaks corresponding to the cubic spinel phase of CoAl2O4in the range of 20 to 70° from the modified plot shape by W-H plot assuming a uniform deformation model (UDM), uniform stress deformation model (USDM), uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM) and by the size-strain plot method (SSP). The CoAl2O4NPs crystal size calculated on the W-H plots and the SSP method are in good agreement with the HRSEM Scherrer method.
Magnetic and dielectric characteristics of Nd and Nd-Mg substituted strontium hexaferrite
Authors: Want Basharat , Bhat Bilal Hamid
Published: January 2019

A systematic investigation on the phase formation, magnetic, dielectric and impedance properties of strontium hexaferrites doped with Nd and Nd-Mg was performed. All ferrite samples were prepared by the citrate-precursor method and characterized with a combination ofX-ray diffraction, Vibrating sample magnetometer and impedance analyser. XRD analysis confirms the magnetoplumbite structure with space groupp63/mmcwithout any secondary phase. The lattice parameter ratioc/alies in the range of 3.92 to 3.94 and shows that the prepared material exhibits M-type hexagonal structure. An increase in coercivity and a decrease in magnetization were observed for all the samples. Large value of coercivity suggests that these materials are useful in longitudinal recording media. Further, it was found that the value of magnetocrystalline anisotropy constantK1decreases with the substitution of Nd and Nd-Mg. Measurement of dielectric loss and dielectric constant were performed as a function of temperature and frequency. Dielectric constant and ac conductivity of Sr0.95Nd0.05Mg0.05Fe11.95O19is more as compared to Sr0.95Nd0.05Fe12O19and SrFe12O19for all frequencies. The value of grain boundary resistance (Rgb) of Sr0.95Nd0.05Fe12O19is less as compared to SrFe12O19and Sr0.95Nd0.05Mg0.05Fe11.95O19and vice versa trend is observed in the value of capacitance of the grain boundary (Cgb) and in the values of relaxation time (τgb).
A pictorial key to differentiate the recently detected exotic Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901 (Acari, Ixodidae) from native congeners in North America
Authors: Egizi Andrea M. , Robbins Richard G. , Beati Lorenza , Nava Santiago , Evans Colleen R. , Occi James L. , Fonseca Dina M.
Published: January 2019

Until recently, only two haemaphysaline species, Haemaphysalischordeilis (Packard, 1869) and Haemaphysalisleporispalustris (Packard, 1869), were known to occur in the United States, and neither was considered to be of significant medical or veterinary importance. In 2017–2018 established populations of the Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalislongicornis Neumann, 1901, were detected in the eastern US for the first time. Haemaphysalislongicornis has the potential to be a significant threat to human and animal health, and the urgent need to determine the full extent of its distribution and host range requires availability of a straightforward and practical guide to differentiate it from native species. We created a pictorial dichotomous key to all stages of Haemaphysalis spp. known to occur in North America with scanning electron photomicrographs of all H.longicornis life stages, including rarely seen males, to aid researchers in differentiating these species. The largely Neotropical species Haemaphysalisjuxtakochi Cooley, 1946, with established populations in Mexico and sporadic detections in the US on migrating birds is also included.
The extraordinary genus Myja is not a tergipedid, but related to the Facelinidae s. str. with the addition of two new species from Japan (Mollusca, Nudibranchia)
Authors: Martynov Alexander , Mehrotra Rahul , Chavanich Suchana , Nakano Rie , Kashio Sho , Lundin Kennet , Picton Bernard , Korshunova Tatiana
Published: January 2019

Morphological and molecular data are presented for the first time in an integrative way for the genus Myja Bergh, 1896. In accordance with the new molecular phylogenies, the traditional Facelinidae is paraphyletic. Herein is presented the phylogenetic placement of true Facelinidae s. str., including the first molecular data for F.auriculata (Müller, 1776), type species of the genus Facelina Alder & Hancock, 1855. The taxonomic history of F.auriculata is reviewed. The genus Myja is related to the clade Facelinidae s. str., but shows disparate morphological traits. Two new species of the genus Myja, M.karinsp. n., and M.hyotansp. n., are described from the Pacific waters of Japan (middle Honshu), and M.cf.longicornis Bergh, 1896 is investigated from Thailand. According to molecular analysis and review of available morphological information, the genus Myja contains more hidden diversity. The family-level relationship within aeolidacean nudibranchs with emphasis on the family Facelinidae is outlined. The problem of the relationship between Facelinidae Bergh, 1889 and Glaucidae Gray, 1827 is discussed. The family Glaucidae has precedence over Facelinidae and is phylogenetically related to the core group of Facelinidae s. str., but has a profoundly modified aberrant external morphology, thus making a purely molecular-based approach to the taxonomy an unsatisfactory solution. To accommodate recently discovered hidden diversity within glaucids, the genus Glaucilla Bergh, 1861 is restored. The family Facelinidae s. str. is separate from, and not closely related to, a clade containing the genera Dondice Marcus, 1958, Godiva MacNae 1954, Hermissenda Bergh, 1879, and Phyllodesmium Ehrenberg, 1831 (= Myrrhine Bergh, 1905). The oldest valid available name for the separate ex-facelinid paraphyletic clade that contains several facelinid genera is Myrrhinidae Bergh, 1905, and resurrection of this family name under provision of the ICZN article 40.1 can preliminarily solve the problem of paraphyly of the traditional Facelinidae. “Facelinidae” s. l. needs to be further divided into several separate families, pending further study.
Myriapoda of Canada
Authors: Langor David W. , deWaard Jeremy R. , Snyder Bruce A.
Published: January 2019

The currently documented fauna of described species of myriapods in Canada includes 54 Chilopoda, 66 Diplopoda, 23 Pauropoda, and two Symphyla, representing increases of 24, 23, 23, and one species, respectively, since 1979. Of the 145 myriapod species currently documented, 40 species are not native to Canada. The myriapods have not been well documented with DNA barcodes and no barcodes are available for Pauropoda. It is conservatively estimated that at least 93 additional myriapods species will be discovered in Canada: Chilopoda (40), Diplopoda (29), Pauropoda (17), and Symphyla (seven). In general, there is a serious dearth of knowledge about myriapods in Canada, and systematics research and surveys continue to be needed to help document the diversity and distribution of these groups in the country.
Gérer les connaissances d’employés de service dans de grandes organisations hiérarchiques : le rôle fondamental des acteurs transversaux
Authors: Nogues Sarah , Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle
Published: January 2019

Dans une économie de la connaissance, toute entreprise a intérêt à gérer les connaissances de ses employés à en créer de nouvelles dans un processus d’innovation continue. Reconnaître la logique communautaire des employés représente un défi pour les organisations à forte structure hiérarchique ayant de la difficulté à contrôler le travail des employés, notamment lorsque leur travail implique une interaction directe avec la clientèle. Notre article questionne la possibilité d’une écologie de la connaissance dans ces contextes organisationnels à l’aide des travaux théoriques d’Etienne Wenger, en prenant le cas du personnel navigant commercial dans les compagnies aériennes. Nous avons mené une recherche de terrain qualitative avec entretiens semi-dirigés auprès de 59 agents de bord et directeurs de vol provenant de trois compagnies aériennes occidentales. Nos résultats mettent en évidence le rôle central des acteurs transversaux pour la gestion des connaissances des communautés professionnelles dans les grandes entreprises à forte structure hiérarchique. Codes JEL : O30, M5, R49
Changement de gouvernance et communautés open source : le cas du logiciel Claroline
Authors: Viseur Robert , Charleux Amel
Published: January 2019

Depuis le milieu des années 1990, les logiciels libres et open source intègrent progressivement la sphère économique et entraînent le développement de grandes communautés en ligne. Bien que ces communautés aient été largement étudiées, leur cohabitation avec les éditeurs de logiciels reste cependant mal maîtrisée. Plus précisément, le rôle que peuvent jouer ces communautés au-delà de leur contribution technique est sous-étudié. Dans notre recherche, nous questionnons le rapport entre un éditeur et sa communauté en prenant pour unité d’analyse la réaction de la communauté face à des changements stratégiques de gouvernance initiés par l’éditeur. Afin d’atteindre notre objectif, une étude longitudinale s’imposait. Claroline est un projet populaire de Learning Management System open source dont sont issus, directement ou indirectement, plusieurs autres projets open source . Compte tenu de sa diffusion, de l’évolution de sa gouvernance, de ses forks et de sa résilience, Claroline présentait un terrain de recherche idéal pour comprendre les dynamiques communautaires. Finalement, nos résultats montrent que les communautés libres et open source peuvent être à l’origine de résistances et entraver la mise en œuvre de certaines décisions stratégiques liées notamment aux modes de gouvernance. Codes JEL : L17
La gestion des communautés de connaissances au sein des espaces de créativité et innovation : une variété de logiques de collaboration
Authors: Aubouin Nicolas , Capdevila Ignasi
Published: January 2019

À travers l’étude comparée des formes de collaboration au sein de différents espaces de créativité et d’innovation, cet article propose une grille de lecture des communautés de connaissances se développant en lien avec des lieux innovants. Ainsi trois types de collaboration peuvent se distinguer selon qu’ils soient centrés sur des logiques économiques (réduction des coûts et renouvellement des logiques de travail), sur des logiques utilitaristes (partage des ressources et des moyens de travail) ou sur des logiques altruistes (valeur d’entraide et de partage fondée sur le don/contre-don). Chacune met alors en évidence des caractéristiques spécifiques de chaque espace d’innovation et ouvre la réflexion sur l’enjeu central de l’animation, voire du pilotage des communautés autour de ces trois logiques de collaboration. Codes JEL : O31, L26
Proximité et facteurs organisationnels pour la collaboration startup – grande entreprise en contexte d ’ innovation ouverte
Authors: Bertin Clarice
Published: January 2019

Cet article a pour objectif d’identifier les facteurs organisationnels favorisant la proximité entre startups et grandes entreprises, partenaires asymétriques, afin de comprendre les éléments sous-tendant leur capacité à collaborer, essentielle en contexte d’innovation ouverte. L’approche par la théorie de la proximité permet d’analyser une collaboration donnée de façon holistique, dans le temps et dans l’espace géographique et non-géographique. Fondée sur quatre cas de collaboration, cette recherche exploratoire adopte la perspective des startups, quasi-absente de la littérature. Les résultats montrent les différences qui sont sources de distance cognitive entre startups et grandes entreprises et mettent en évidence quatre niveaux de facteurs favorisant leur proximité : interne à la startup, interne à la grande entreprise, inter-organisationnel et écosystémique. Cette recherche présente un intérêt pour les entreprises souhaitant collaborer avec des partenaires asymétriques en contexte d’innovation ouverte. Elle s’adresse également aux politiques régionales d’innovation qui visent à soutenir les écosystèmes d’innovation et d’entrepreneuriat. Codes JEL : L20, L26, O31, O32