bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Vitamin C in Prevention of Preeclampsia in High-Risk Cases: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Torky Haitham A. , Abo-Louz Ashraf , Deif Osama , Moussa Asem , Aly Rania , Shata Atef , Ragab Mona , El-Taher Osama S. , Hussein Ahmed
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effect of vitamin C intake on the incidence of preeclampsia in high-risk cases.

METHODOLOGY

Prospective double-blinded multi-center randomized controlled trial involving 940 qualified patients equally divided into two groups one receiving vitamin C and the other receiving placebo starting from 12 weeks gestational age.

RESULTS

No significant difference was found between vitamin C and placebo on the incidence of preeclampsia, maternal problems (prelabor rupture of membranes, antepartum hemorrhage, and placental abruption), and fetal outcomes (birth weight, Apgar scores, preterm delivery, admission to NICU, and low birth weight).

CONCLUSION

Vitamin C intake in pregnancy is not recommended for prevention of preeclampsia, maternal or fetal problems in cases at high-risk for developing preeclampsia.
Student Loans and Financial Satisfaction: The Moderating Role of Financial Education
Authors: Kim Kyoung Tae , Lee Jae Min , Lee Jonghee
Published: January 2021

We examined the relationship between holding a student loan and financial satisfaction and financial education’s moderating role using the 2015 National Financial Capability Study dataset. Households with a student loan had lower levels of financial satisfaction than those without one. We found a moderating role of receiving both formal and informal financial education on the relationship between a student loan and financial satisfaction, regardless of for whom the loans were taken. Our findings confirm the importance of financial education and suggest that receiving a thorough combination of formal and informal education will improve student loan holders’ financial satisfaction.
Overconfidence and the Credit Card Debt Puzzle
Authors: George Erin E. , Leszczyszyn Natalia
Published: January 2021

This article investigates the credit card debt puzzle. Simultaneously holding credit card debt and liquid assets is puzzling given the sizeable difference between interest rates of debt and assets. However, this behavior is common—about 31% of households in the 2016 Survey of Consumer Finances. The cost of co-holding may be justified if consumers anticipate future restrictions in credit or if they need to maintain liquidity. Other existing explanations for co-holding include impulsive spending and low financial literacy. This research reveals a new explanation for the credit card debt puzzle: consumers’ overconfidence of their financial knowledge. Using a Coarsened Exact Matching method, we found that overconfident consumers were 20%–40% more likely to co-hold credit card debt and liquid assets.
Validity and Reliability of the Japanese Version of the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey
Authors: Umeda Aya , Mizuno So , Suzuki Makoto , Iizuka Hiromi
Published: January 2021

Background and purpose

Patient acceptance of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) is one of the factors influencing clinical outcomes. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey (FPAS; a measure of acceptance of ICDs), examine its reliability and validity, and test instrument reliability and ability to generate valid data in a new population.

Methods

122 outpatients with ICD, cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRTD) completed the FPAS, the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey developed for the Medical Outcomes Study, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Results

Confirmatory and exploratory factor data analyses yielded a three-factor model with nine items. This version of the FPAS had high internal consistency, both for the single factor scale and all other subscales; Cronbach’s α ranged from .78 to. 84.

Conclusion

The scale was shown to be valid and reliable for assessing device acceptability in Japanese patients with ICD.
On Partitioning the Edges of an Infinite Digraph into Directed Cycles
Authors: Joó Attila
Published: January 2021

Nash-Williams proved in [1] that for an undirected graph G the set E¹Gº can be
partitioned into cycles if and only if there is no finite cut of odd size. Later C. Thomassen
gave a simpler proof for this in [2] and conjectured the following directed analogue of the
theorem: the edge set of a digraph can be partitioned into directed cycles if and only if for
each subset of the vertices the cardinality of the ingoing and the outgoing edges are equal. The aim of the paper is to prove this conjecture.
Living Constitution in Indonesia: The Study of Constitutional Changes Without A Formal Amendment
Authors: Fauzani Muhammad Addi , Deladetama Nur Aqmarina , Basrun Muhammad , Anam Muhammad Khoirul
Published: January 2021

The discussion regarding the living constitution in Indonesia has been increasingly important. The importance of this discussion deals with to the extent it has developed, particularly after Indonesia's constitutional amendment from 1999 to 2002. The current study of constitutional change in Indonesia, as a result of the constitutional amendment during Reformation, adds an emphasis on its change without a formal amendment. Thus, this paper will discuss the urgency of enforcing the amended 1945 Constitution in the lens of the living constitution and how to uphold it through the living constitution. This study uses doctrinal research and, in examining the case, it uses the statutory and conceptual approaches. The result of the study shows that the urgency of upholding the constitution through the living constitution relies on the concept of the living constitution that can dynamize the 1945 Constitution. In response to difficulties to formally amend the 1945 Constitution that depends on political will and rigid juridical condition, there should be a shift in the method of interpretation of the constitution by the Constitutional Court judges, from originalism to the living constitution. The enforcement of the 1945 Constitution through the living constitution can apply the constitutional convention and the interpretation by constitutional judges. This study suggests that the Government and the House of Representatives and other relevant state institutions can use the living constitution, by taking into account the constitutional convention is a source in the organization of the state to patch up the weaknesses of the constitution.

Keywords: Living Constitution, Constitutional Changes, Formal Amendment.
Formulation Policy Regarding the Smuggling of Lobster Seeds in Indonesia
Authors: Elvany Ayu Izza
Published: January 2021

This paper analyzes how formulation policy of lobster seeds smuggling regulated in Indonesian law to optimize the effectiveness of illegal fishing enforcement, considering penal policy is the basis of criminal law operationalization. This research uses both statute approach and conceptual approach as legal research methods to analyze the issued legal problem. Fishery law in Indonesia regulated in Law No. 45 of 2009 amending Law No. 31 of 2004 concerning Fishery, especially Articles 88 and 16 paragraph (1) which cover the formulation policy of lobster seeds smuggling enforcement. This study will be analyzed into three aspects which are the conduct (the criminal offense), criminal liability, and sentencing system. The result shows that law enforcement regarding the smuggling of lobster seeds in Indonesia is ineffective due to the nonexistence of corporate criminal liability in the fishery law and its sentencing system is lack of both the specific minimum penalty regulation and the penal measures as criminal punishment. However, the draft of the fishery law has already set corporate criminal liability; hence it also regulates the penal measures, in the form of secondary sanctions. Nevertheless, instead of enacting the specific minimum penalty, the draft only determined the maximum penalty as well.

Keywords: Formulation Policy, Fishery Law, Lobster Seeds Smuggling.
The Impact of COVID-19 Through the Lens of Islamic Law: An Indonesian Case
Authors: Syahrul RA Mohammad , Hamdika Yusuf , Al-Fatih Sholahuddin
Published: January 2021

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a virus founded in China, has spread worldwide as it has become pandemic. As a result, significant and detrimental impacts are undeniable to global citizens, including those in Indonesia. With the government's suggestions like introducing physical distancing and large-scale social restriction, they slow down economic growth. Also, they impact religious practices, particularly those performed by Muslims in Indonesia. This paper will discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of Islamic law. There are two main issues to analyze. First, what is the impact of COVID-19 on community activities in the view of Islamic law? Second, what is the impact of COVID-19 on religious communities in carrying out worship? This paper finds that the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted religious worship activities in public places by considering this virus's rapid transmission. It is followed by the closure of worship places to encourage citizens to practice their religious activities at home. Thus, the whole community was urged, and some were prohibited following the mapping zone experienced by each region. Given Islamic law believed and trusted by Muslims, in the end, the government has issued a new normal policy by opening places of worship with health protocols.

KEYWORDS: COVID-19, Islamic Law, Religious Practices, Indonesian Muslims.
Omnibus Law in Indonesia: A Comparison to the United States and Ireland
Authors: Anggono Bayu Dwi , Firdaus Fahmi Ramadhan
Published: January 2021

Recently, omnibus law has become a critical discourse in Indonesia, both academically and practically. This discourse emerges from the relatively fast drafting and ratification of the Job Creation Law. This law's formation uses the omnibus law method because it contains many laws' substance into one law. One of Indonesia's fundamental issues is the absence of rules, methods, and techniques for forming the omnibus law. On the other hand, the techniques and methods of forming these omnibus laws have been practiced in various countries to accelerate the legislative process and organize regulations. However, public participation becomes one of the fundamental shortcomings to draft the legislation under omnibus law. This article aims to review and compare the omnibus law concept applied in selected countries, referencing the United States and Ireland as the model. This article also analyzes how to form the ideal omnibus law by learning from the omnibus law application in other countries that have successfully implemented it first. This study finds that omnibus laws in the United States and Ireland contribute to ushering hyper-regulation symptoms that are vulnerable and hamper economic development. The above comparison needs to be adjusted to the Indonesian context to enact the omnibus law.

KEYWORDS: Omnibus Law, Indonesian Law, Comparative Omnibus Law.
Tanggung Jawab Korporasi Atas Dampak Pencemaran Lingkungan Akibat Aktivitas Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi
Authors: Arifin Bagas Adam
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanggung jawab korporasi sebagai pengelola Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi atas dampak pencemaran akibat aktivitas dari Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi dan perlindungan hukum yang didapat masyarakat atas dampak pencemaran dari aktivitas Pembangkit Listirk Tenaga Panas Bumi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode yuridis normatif dengan melalui pendekatan undang-undang. Dalam aktivitas eksplorasi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi diketahui dapat menyebabkan pencemaran dan/atau kerusakan lingkungan seperti longsoran tanah hasil dari eksplorasi yang jatuh ke hulu sungai dan mencemari lingkungan disepanjang alur sungai yang berdampak pada masyarakat. Selain itu, perlindungan hukum bagi masyarakat harus ditegakkan agar hak-hak masyarakat tidak dilanggar akibat pengusahaan panas bumi yang menyalahi ketentuan.
Pidana Pencabutan Hak Dipilih Dalam Jabatan Publik Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi Paska Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor: 56/PUU-XVII/2019
Authors: Pratama Dicky Mario
Published: January 2021

Artikel ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, peraturan perundangan-undangan dan kasus. Sedangkan rumusan masalah yang menjadi isu hukum dalam skripsi ini adalah mengenai karakteristik pidana pencabutan hak dipilih dalam jabatan publik dalam tindak pidana korupsi dan akibat hukum Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor: 56/PUU-XVII/2019 terhadap penjatuhan pidana pencabutan hak dipilih dalam jabatan publik dalam tindak pidana korupsi. Karakteristik pidana pencabutan hak dipilih dalam jabatan publik yang dimaksud berupa pidana tambahan yang diatur oleh Pasal 18 UU Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi dengan merujuk pada ketentuan-ketentuan KUHP selanjutnya dikonkritisai melalui berbagai putusan pengadilan ditingkat judex factie dan judex jurist. Sementara itu, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor: 56/PUU-XVII/2019 mempertegas eksistensi penjatuhan pidana tambahan berupa pencabutan hak dipilih dalam jabatan publik terhadap pelaku tindak pidana korupsi serta sekaligus menjadi rujukan mengenai lamanya pencabutan hak yakni selama lima tahun.
Restriksi Perdagangan Internasional Atas Dasar National Security yang Dilakukan oleh Jepang terhadap Korea Selatan
Authors: Nugraha Jesika Althea Widhia
Published: January 2021

National Security merupakan salah satu alasan yang dapat digunakan oleh negara untuk menyimpangi ketentuan-ketentuan dalam GATT 1994. Sebagai negara anggota WTO, alasan tersebut menjadi dasar bagi Jepang untuk memberlakukan restriksi perdagangan terhadap Korea Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ruang lingkup dan penerapan dari national security exception dalam GATT 1994 serta melakukan analisis terhadap tindakan yang dilakukan oleh Jepang kepada Korea Selatan. National security yang dimaksud dalam WTO adalah terkait fungsi klasik negara yaitu memelihara hukum internal dan ketertiban umum negara serta melindungi kepengtingan fisik wilayah dan penduduknya. Dalam menggunakan national security exception, fungsi klasik negara harus terancam oleh salah satu dari subparagraf Pasal XXI(b) GATT 1994 yang harus secara objektif terbukti. Dalam menerapkan restriksi perdagangan terhadap Korea Selatan, Jepang harus terlebih dahulu membuktikan secara objektif sesuai Pasal XXI(b) GATT 1994 bahwa fungsi klasik negaranya terancam.
Kewenangan Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) Dalam Melakukan Upaya Paksa Terhadap Pelaku Terorisme
Authors: Wicaksono Mochamad Aldi
Published: January 2021

Melihat kejadian terorisme di Indonesia yang semakin marak seperti yang terakhir terjadi ketika Bom Surabaya pada Mei 2018 menunjukkan perlunya peran negara dalam hal ini penegak hukum dalam memberantas tindak pidana terorisme, salah satunya memperkuat dan mensinergitaskan beberapa lembaga penegak hukum untuk bekerja sama dalam satu kesatuan dalam mengatasi aksi terorisme baik dari upaya preventif hingga represif. Namun dalam Undang Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme memasukkan beberapa kelembagaan yang memungkin untuk ikut terlibat secara langsung yang justru akan menyalahi prosedur hukum acara dalam hal ini upaya paksa karena dalam prakteknya masih ikut campur Militer secara langsung dalam pelaksanaan upaya paksa yang justru akan memicu pelanggaran HAM karena kecenderungan TNI melakukan tindakan yang eksklusif dan represif. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui, dan menganalisis kewenangan dan akibat hukum apabila TNI melakukan upaya paksa terhadap pelaku terorisme.
Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang dan Penipuan Arisan Online sebagai Kejahatan Asal
Authors: Rahmawati Peppy
Published: January 2021

Kemajuan teknologi yang terjadi dalam masyarakat membawa dampak positif dan negatif. Teknologi dapat membantu masyarakat melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari. Namun teknologi juga dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya tindak pidana. Salah satu kegiatan masyarakat yang berubah seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi adalah arisan. Masyarakat biasanya melakukan arisan dengan bertemu secara langsung. Namun saat ini berkembang arisan dengan metode online. Masyarakat tidak perlu bertatap muka secara langsung saat melakukan arisan. Di sisi lain tindak pidana penipuan yang berkaitan dengan arisan online juga banyak terjadi. Pelaku memanfaatkan kelengahan para pihak dalam arisan online. Pelaku akan memperoleh keuntungan berupa aset-aset dari tindak pidana penipuan. Pelaku akan menyembunyikan aset tersebut agar tidak diketahui asal-usulnya. Perbuatan pelaku tersebut adalah tindak pidana pencucian uang. Artikel ini membahas mengenai karakteristik penipuan arisan online sebagaimana diatur dalam KUHP dan Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Pembahasan selanjutnya yaitu mengenai pertanggungjawaban pelaku tindak pidana pencucian uang dengan penipuan arisan online sebagai kejahatan asal. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode doctrinal research atau normatif dengan dua pendekatan yaitu pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach).
Indikasi Pelanggaran yang Dilakukan oleh Traveloka Terhadap AirAsia Dalam Perspektif Hukum Persaingan Usaha
Authors: Gunawan Syahril
Published: January 2021

Hukum Persaingan Usaha merupakan instrumen hukum yang menentukan segala sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan persaingan usaha yaitu mencakup hal-hal yang dapat dilakukan maupun yang dilarang untuk dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha. Kecenderungan pelaksanaan perjanjian yang dilarang maupun kegiatan yang dilarang yang dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha maupun beberapa pelaku usaha disebabkan oleh adanya keinginan pelaku usaha maupun sekelompok pelaku usaha untuk menjadi posisi dominan dalam suatu pasar bersangkutan. Di Indonesia terdapat berbagai macam maskapai penerbangan yang tiketnya dengan mudah didapatkan di berbagai agen perjalanan online. Indikasi persaingan usaha tidak sehat ditemukan dalam penjualan tiket penerbangan di agen perjalanan online. Penulisan skripsi ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa adanya indikasi persaingan usaha tidak sehat oleh agen perjalanan online dalam penjualan tiket penerbangan sebagaimana sesuai dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat.
Pengaturan Pajak Pariwisata Dalam Rangka Kebijakan Indonesian Tourism
Authors: Marsiyuda Verdi Hadyan
Published: January 2021

Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk melakukan pembangunan nasioanl yaitu berasal dari penerimaan pajak. Lebih dari 80% penerimaan Negara Republik Indonesia berasal dari pajak. Pajak Pariwisata merupakan sumber penerimaan pajak yang bersumber dari pajak kabupaten/kota Pajak Daerah yang diatur Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2009 mengatur sumber-sumber penerimaan daerah yang merupakan kewenangan penuh oleh daerah. Pariwisata Indonesia menempati urutan ke tiga dalam penerimaan devisa setelah komoditi minyak dan gas bumi beserta kelapa sawit, karena pemerintahan melakukan pemungutan pajak pada sektor pariwisata supaya berpengaruh terhadap meningkatnya industri sektor pariwisata. Hal tersebut dapat menghasilkan efek secara langsung pada bisnis serta ekonomi yang dapat diukur dari pendapatan upah tenaga kerja pada sektor pariwisata, serta meningktanya suatu pendapatan daerah. Dengan terjadinya pertumbuhan sektor pariwisata, maka sangat terkait juga dengan adanya pengembangan infrastruktur yang hal itu menjadi sangat penting, karena jika tidak adanya infrastruktur yang sesuai, maka akses untuk menuju tempat pariwisata akan rumit.
Molecular Epidemiology Surveillance of SARS-Cov-2: Mutations and Genetic Diversity One Year After Emerging
Authors: Flores-Alanis Alejandro , Cruz-Rangel Armando , Rodríguez-Gómez Flor , González James , Torres-Guerrero Carlos Alberto , Delgado Gabriela , Cravioto Alejandro , Morales-Espinosa Rosario
Published: January 2021

In December 2019, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in the province of Wuhan, China. Since then, it has spread worldwide with new mutations being reported. We performed genomic analysis to identify the changes in genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 between December 2019 and November 2020, and through molecular surveillance, we monitored the mutations that could be involved in viral fitness. We analyzed 2,213 complete genomes from 6 geographical regions worldwide, which were downloaded from GenBank and GISAID databases. Although SARS-CoV-2 presented low genetic diversity, there has been an increase over time, with the presence of several hotspot mutations throughout its genome. We identified 7 frequent mutations that resulted in non-synonymous substitutions (dN). Two of them, C14408T>P323L and A23403G>D614G, located in the nsp12 and Spike protein, respectively, emerged early in the pandemic and showed a considerable increase in frequency over time. Two other mutations, A1163T>I120F in nsp2 and G22992A>S477N in the Spike protein emerged recently and have spread in Oceania and Europe. Continuous molecular surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 will be necessary to detect and describe the transmission dynamics of new variants of the virus with clinical relevance. This information is important to improve programs to control the virus.
Effects of Methylprednisolone on Ventilator-Free Days in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19
Authors: Badr Mohamed , De Oliveira Bruno , Abdallah Khaled , Nadeem Ashraf , Varghese Yeldho , Munde Dnyaseshwar , Salam Shameen , Abduljawad Baraa , Saleh Khaled , Elkambergy Hussam , Rida Ahmed , Bayrlee Ahmed , Wahla Ali , Dibu Jamil , Haque Rehan , Hamed Fadi , Rahman Nadeem , Mallat Jihad
Published: January 2021

Objectives: There are limited data regarding the efficacy of methylprednisolone in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. We aimed to determine whether methylprednisolone increases the number of ventilator-free days (VFDs) among these patients. Design: Retrospective single-center study Setting: Intensive care unit Patients: All patients with ARDS due to confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and requiring invasive mechanical ventilation between 1 March and 29 May 2020 were included Interventions: None Measurements and Main Results: The primary outcome was ventilator-free days (VFDs) during the first 28 days, defined as being alive and free from mechanical ventilation. The primary outcome was analyzed with competing-risks regression based on Fine and Gray’s proportional subhazards model. Death before day 28 was considered to be the competing event. A total of 77 patients met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-two patients (41.6%) received methylprednisolone. The median dose was 1 mg.kg-1 (IQR: 1-1.3 mg.kg-1) and median duration of 5 days (IQR:5-7 days). Patients who received methylprednisolone had a mean 18.8 VFDs (95% CI, 16.6-20.9) during the first 28 days vs. 14.2 VFDs (95% CI, 12.6-16.7) in patients who did not receive methylprednisolone (difference, 4.61; 95% CI, 1.10-8.12; P = 0.001). In the multivariable competing-risks regression analysis and after adjusting for potential confounders (ventilator settings, prone position, organ failure support, severity of the disease, tocilizumab, and inflammatory markers), methylprednisolone was independently associated with a higher number of VFDs (subhazards ratio: 0.10, 95%CI: 0.02-0.45; p=0.003). Hospital mortality did not differ between the two groups (31.2% vs. 28.9%, p=0.82). Hospital length of stay was significantly shorter in the methylprednisolone group (24 days [IQR:15-41 days] vs. 37 days [IQR:23-52 days], p=0.046). The incidence of positive blood cultures was higher in patients who received methylprednisolone (37.5% vs. 17.8%, p=0.052). However, 91% of patients who received methylprednisolone also received tocilizumab. The number of days with hyperglycemia was similar in the two groups. Conclusions: Methylprednisolone was independently associated with increased VFDs and shortened hospital length of stay. The combination of methylprednisolone and tocilizumab was associated with a higher rate of positive blood cultures. Further trials are needed to evaluate the benefits and safety of methylprednisolone in moderate or severe COVID-19 ARDS.
Tumor Microenvironment, HLA Class I and APM Expression in HPV-Negative Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wickenhauser Claudia , Bethmann Daniel , Kappler Matthias , Eckert Alexander Walter , Steven André , Bukur Juergen , Fox Bernard A. , Beer Jana , Seliger Barbara
Published: January 2021

Progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been associated with an escape of tumor cells from the host immune surveillance due to an increased knowledge of its underlying molecular mechanisms and its modulation by the tumor microenvironment and immune cell repertoire. In this study the expression of HLA class I (HLA-I) antigens and of components of the antigen processing machinery (APM) was analyzed in 160 pathologically classified human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative OSCC lesions and correlated to the intra-tumoral immune cell response, IFN- signaling and to the patients outcome. A heterogeneous, but predominantly lower constitutive protein expression of HLA-I APM components was found in OSCC sections when compared to non-neoplastic cells. Tumoral HLA-I APM component expression was further categorized into the three major phenotypes HLA-Ihigh/APMhigh, HLA-Ilow/APMlow and HLA-Idiscordant high/low/APMhigh. In the HLA-Ihigh/APMhigh group, the highest frequency of intra-tumoral CD8+ T cells and lowest number of CD8+ T cells close to FoxP3+ cells was found. Patients within this group presented the most unfavorable survival, which was significantly evident in stage T2 tumors. Despite a correlation with the number of intra-tumoral CD8+ T cells, tumoral JAK1 expression as a surrogate marker for IFN- signaling was not associated with HLA-I/APM expression. Thus, the presented findings strongly indicate the presence of additional factors involved in the immunomodulatory process of HPV-negative OSCC with a possible tumor-burden-dependent complex network of immune escape mechanisms beyond HLA-I/APM components and T cell infiltration in this tumor entity.
Tsunami Deposits on a Paleoproterozoic Unconformity? The 2.2 Ga Yerrida Marine Transgression on the Northern Margin of the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia
Authors: Lascelles Desmond , Lowe Ryan J.
Published: January 2021

Large blocks and boulders of banded iron formation and massive hematite up to 40 x 27 x 6 m and in excess of 10,000 metric tonnes were detached from outcrop of the Wilgie Mia Formation during the ca 2.20 Ga marine transgression at the base of the Paleoproterozoic Windplain Group, and deposited in a broad band on the wave-cut surface 900 to 1200 m to the east. At the same time sand and shingle was scoured from the sea floor, leaving remnants only on the western side of the Wilgie Mia Formation and on the eastern sides of the boulders. Evidence suggesting that the blocks were detached and transported and the sea floor scoured by a tsunami bore with a height of at least 40 m is provided by (1) the deposition of the blocks indicates transportation by a unidirectional sub-horizontal force, whereas the smaller boulders are randomly oriented (2) 900 -1200m separating the BIF outcrop and the blocks (3) the absence of the basal conglomerate between the blocks (4) the blocks and boulders rest directly on the wave-cut surface of deeply weathered amphibolites (5) the blocks and boulders are surrounded and overlain by fine-grained sandstone of the Windplain Group.
Future Changes in Seasonal Temperature Over Pakistan in CMIP6
Authors: Karim Rizwan , Tan Guirong , Ayugi Brian , Babaousmail Hassen , Liu Fei , Ngoma Hamida , Ongoma Victor
Published: January 2021

The present study analyzed seasonal (i.e., Dec-Jan [DJF] and June – August [JJA]) temperature change for the near (2025-2054) and far future (2070-2099) under SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585 scenarios over Pakistan. The anomalies, Mann-Kendall trend tests, Sequential Mann-Kendall trend test (SQMK), and probability density frequency (PDF) analysis were used to investigate future mean temperature variations. The DJF season projected higher increase in temperature in the northern (3.8 oC, 5.1 oC and 6.5 oC), followed by central regions (3.8 oC, 4.9 oC and 6.4 oC) under SSP245, SSP370 and SSP585 scenarios, respectively. The central region is likely to record significant increase in JJA (3.0 oC, 4.4 oC and 5.4 oC) mean temperature in far future under the given SSP scenarios. Compared to historical (PDF), the far future DJF temperature changes revealed significant higher warming over northern, central and then over southern regions under most of SSP scenarios. The southern regions are projected to possible rise in far future JJA temperatures by 2.7 oC, 3.3 oC and 4.3 oC, under SSP245, SSP370 and SSP585, respectively. The PDFs for JJA further verify the highest positive abrupt shift in temperature across the central region and then southern region. The future diverse seasonal temperature changes supports further examination of the associated mechanisms and factors responsible for temperature changes to address climate change.
Predicting the Current and Future Suitable Habitat Distribution of Swimming Crab (Portunus trituberculatus) using the Species Distribution Model under Climate Change
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Han Xiaolu , Han Zhiqiang
Published: January 2021

Species have shown their habital variations in responding to climate change, especially during the spring and summer spawning seasons. The species distribution model (SDM) is considered the most favorable tool to study the potential effects of climate change on species distribution. Therefore, we developed the ensemble SDM to predict the changes in species distribution of Portunus trituberculatus among different seasons in 2050 and 2100 under the climate scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The results of SDM indicate that the distribution of this species will move northward and have obviouse seasonal variations. Meanwhile, the suitable habitat for the species will be significantly reduced in summer, with loses rates ranging from 45.23% (RCP4.5) to 88.26% (RCP.8.5) by 2100s. Habitat reduction will mainly occur in the East China Sea and southern part of the Yellow Sea, while there will be a small increase in the northern Bohai Sea. These findings will be important to manage the ecosystem and fishery, provide an information forecast of this species in the future, and maintain species diversity if the seawater temperature rises.
Valuation of Wind Energy Turbines Using Volatility of Wind and Price
Authors: Greenberg Doron , Byalsky Michael , Yahalom Asher
Published: January 2021

The limitedness of the nonrenewable local energy resources in Israel, even in background of the later gas fields’ findings, continues to force the state to devote various efforts for the ‘green’ energy development. These efforts include installations both in the solar and in the wind energy, with a purpose to improve the diversity of energy sources. While the standard discounted cash flow (DCF) method using the net present value (NPV) criterion is extensively adopted to evaluate investments, the standard DCF method is inappropriate for the rapidly changing investment climate and for the managerial flexibility in investment decisions. In recent years, the real options analysis (ROA) technique is widely applied in many studies for valuation of renewable energy investment projects. Hence, we apply in this study the real options analysis approach for the valuation of wind energy turbines and apply it to the analysis of wind energy economic potential in Israel.
Hydrogen Sulfide in the Cardiovascular System: A Small Molecule with Promising Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Tikhomirova Irina , Muravyov Alexei
Published: January 2021

this review summarizes current knowledge of the hydrogen sulfide role in cardiovascular system, the proposed mechanisms of its action and the prospects for its applicability in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Hydrogen sulfide was recently recognized as gasotransmitter – simple signaling molecule which freely penetrates the cell membrane and regulates a number of biological functions. In humans endogenous H2S is generated via enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways and its content varies in different tissues and is strictly regulated. In cardiovascular system H2S is produced by myocardial, vascular and blood cells and regulates a number of vital functions. Numerous experimental data prove that endogenously generated as well as exogenously administered H2S exerts a wide range of actions in cardiovascular system, including vasodilator/vasoconstrictor effects, regulation of blood pressure, pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in the vascular smooth muscle cells, influence on angiogenesis and erythropoiesis, myocardial cytoprotection in ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxygen sensing, inhibition of platelet aggregation and blood coagulation, modification of erythrocyte microrheological properties (aggregability and deformability). Understanding of molecular mechanisms of H2S action and molecular crosstalk between H2S, NO, and CO is essential for the development of its diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
A Unified User-Friendly Instrument Control and Data Acquisition System for the ORNL SANS Instrument Suite
Authors: Yao Xingxing , Avery Blake , Bobrek Miljko , Debeer-Schmitt Lisa , Geng Xiaosong , Gregory Ray , Guyotte Greg , Harrington Mike , Hartman Steven , He Lilin , Heroux Luke , Kasemir Kay , Knudson Rob , Kohl James , Lionberger Carl , Littrell Ken , Pearson Matthew , Pingali Sai Venkatesh , Pratt Cody , Qian Shuo , Ruiz-Rodriguez Mariano , Vladislav Sedov , Taufer Gary , Urban Volker , Vodopivec Klemen
Published: January 2021

In an effort to upgrade and provide a unified and improved instrument control and data acquisition system for the ORNL SANS instrument suite (Bio-SANS, EQ-SANS, GP-SANS), beamline scientists and developers teamed up and worked closely together to design and develop a new system. We began with an in-depth analysis of user needs and requirements, covering all perspectives of control and data acquisition based on previous usage data and user feedback. Our design and implementation were guided by the principles from the latest user experience and design research and based on effective practices from our previous projects. In this article, we share details of our design process as well as prominent features of the new instrument control and data acquisition system. The new system provides a sophisticated Q-Range Planner to help scientists and users plan and execute instrument configurations easily and efficiently. The system also provides different user operation interfaces, such as wizard-type tool Panel Scan, a Scripting Tool based on Python Language, and Table Scan, all of which are tailored to different user needs. The new system further captures all the metadata to enable post-experiment data reduction and possibly automatic reduction and provides users with enhanced live displays and additional feedback at the run time. We hope our results will serve as a good example for developing a user-friendly instrument control and data acquisition system at large user facilities.
Economic Cascades and the Costs of a Business-as-Usual Approach to COVID-19
Authors: Roopnarine Peter , Goodwin David , Abarca Maricela , Russack Joseph
Published: January 2021

Shelter-in-place policies and the closure of non-essential workplaces intended to disrupt transmission of the SARS-COV-2 virus are effective approaches to combating COVID-19. They have, however, caused record levels of unemployment in the United States, raising questions of whether mitigation is more societally damaging than the disease. Here we use a coupled epidemiological-economic model to estimate the impact on employment of an unmitigated, business-as-usual approach to the pandemic. We compared unemployment between March-August 2020 in ten Californian socio-economic systems (SESs) to unemployment forecast by a model of industrial sector inter-dependencies subjected to unmitigated outbreaks of COVID-19. We found that economic losses are unavoidable because disease-driven losses propagate economically through SESs, amplifying losses to the disease. While model forecasts are generally lower than actual unemployment, jobs savings would come at the cost of greatly increased worker mortality. The costs would also be disproportionately greater among smaller and inland SESs.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING PADA SUB TEMA PEMANFAATAN ENERGI DI KELAS IV SD
Authors: Firman Firman , Budiono Hendra
Published: January 2021

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to obtain valid, practical and efficient teaching materials using the Problem Based Learning model on the sub-theme of energy use in the fourth grade of elementary schools. This research utilized research and development method with a model of development of the 4-D (Four D) consisting of four stages: define, design, development, and the disseminate. The results of this study obtained an average general validation result in 3.38 with very valid categories. The practicality test was seen from the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model in learning with an average of 3.44, the practical category, the student response questionnaire obtained a practical level in 3.49 with the practical category. The effectiveness test seen from student activities during the learning process includes visual, oral, motor, mental, and emotional activities showing an average overall activity of 79.58 in the High category. From this research it can be concluded that the teaching materials developed are valid, practical, and effective.
 
 Abstrak

 

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bahan ajar yang valid, praktis dan efisien menggunakan model Problem Based Learning pada sub tema pemanfaatan energi di kelas IV SD. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (research and development) dengan model pengembangan 4-D (Four D) yang terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu pendefenisian (define), perancangan (design), pengembangan (develop), dan penyebaran (disseminate). Hasil penelitian ini didapat rata-rata hasil validasi secara umum 3,38 dengan kategori sangat valid. Uji praktikalitas dilihat dari keterlaksanaan model Problem Based Learning dalam pembelajaran dengan rata-rata 3,44, kategori Praktis, angket respon siswa didapat tingkat kepraktisan 3,49 dengan kategori praktis. Uji efektivitas dilihat dari aktivitas siswa selama proses pembelajaran meliputi aktivitas visual, oral, motor, mental, dan emosional menunjukkan rata-rata aktivitas keseluruhan 79,58 dengan kategori Tinggi. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar yang dikembangkan berada pada kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif.
PERAN MAHASISWA PGMI IAIN KUDUS SEBAGAI AGENT OF CHANGE DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Rochanah Rochanah
Published: January 2021

Abstrak

 

The purpose of this study was to find out what roles PGMI students can play as agents of change during the COVID-19 pandemi. This type of research is a field research with a qualitative approach. In collecting data, researchers used interview techniques. In particular, the problems that the researchers raised in this study were; What is the role of students as agents of change in supporting children's learning activities during the Covid-19 pandemi? The focus of this research is in the neighborhood where the students live, namely the Pantura area, covering Kudus, Pati, Jepara, Demak. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive-analytical method. Data collection techniques through interviews. This study resulted in a conclusion that the role of students as agents of change in the education sector during the Covid-19 pandemi includes; become a facilitator in learning activities, create fun learning, provide education about healthy lifestyles, instill adab, provide skills to children.

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran apa saja yang dapat dilakukan mahasiswa PGMI sebagai agent of change di masa pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan Teknik awancara. Secara khusus, permasalahan yang peneliti angkat dalam penelitian ini adalah; bagaimana peran mahasiswa sebagai agen perubahan mendukung kegiatan pembelajaran anak pada masa pandemi Covid-19? Lokus penelitian ini adalah di lingkungan tempat tinggal siswa yakni wilayah Pantura, meliputi Kudus, Pati, Jepara, Demak. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara. Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu kesimpulan bahwa peran mahasiswa sebagai Agent of change dalam bidang pendidikan di masa pandemi Covid-19 meliputi;  menjadi fasilitator dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, menciptakan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, memberikan edukasi tentang pola hidup sehat, menanamkan adab, memberikan keterampilan pada anak.
THE TEACHING TECHNIQUE OF INDONESIAN IN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH: LEARNING FROM MI SURUH 1 PLUS, MIFTAHUL ULUM AND MA’ARIF PULUTAN
Authors: Maghfiroh Nurul , Maslikhah Maslikhah , Widhyahrini Khusna
Published: January 2021

By language skill possessed, students can blow on a variety of knowledge to appreciate literature and to develop themselves sustainably. But there are still many students who do not like Bahasa Indonesia n lessons because of being boring. They were not boring the teacher can use some methods.  The Teaching technique was a concrete implementation in the learning process for students.  The teachers can change their methods anytime for the same subject.  The purpose of this study was to find out various kinds of teaching methods to teach Bahasa Indonesia in the 2nd and 5th Grade in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) or Primary School level.  This research used the qualitative method by interview semi-structured and questionnaire on the theme.  The research obtained that MI Suruh 1 Plus used 10 techniques for 2nd Grade and 14 techniques for 5th Grade; MI Miftahul Ulum used 10 techniques for 2nd Grade and 13 techniques for 5th Grade, and MI Maarif Pulutan used 10 techniques for 2nd Grade and 14 techniques for 5th Grade. Variations in techniques used in 3 schools still use almost the same technique, which is different for each school in applying classroom learning techniques according to the material during learning.

Keterampilan berbahasa yang dimiliki siswa mampu menggali berbagai pengetahuan untuk mengapresiasi sastra, dan mengembangkan diri secara berkelanjutan. Tetapi masih banyak siswa yang tidak menyukai pelajaran Bahasa Indonesaia dengan alasan membosankan. Agar tidak bosan guru dapat menggunakan beberapa teknik. Teknik Mengajar adalah implementasi konkrit dalam proses pembelajaran bagi siswa. Para guru dapat mengubah metode mereka untuk mata pelajaran yang sama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui berbagai macam teknik pengajaran untuk mengajar Bahasa Indonesia  di kelas 2 dan 5 di tingkat Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan wawancara semi struktur dan angket. Penelitian ini memperoleh bahwa MI Suruh 1 Plus menggunakan 10 teknik untuk kelas 2 dan 14 teknik untuk kelas 5; MI Miftahul Ulum menggunakan 10 teknik untuk Kelas 2 dan 13 teknik untuk Kelas 5; dan MI Maarif Pulutan menggunakan 10 teknik untuk Kelas 2 dan 14 teknik untuk Kelas 5. Variasi teknik yang digunakan di 3 sekolah masih menggunakan teknik yang hampir sama yang membedakan tiap sekolah dalam mengaplikasi teknik pembelajaran dikelas disesuaikan dengan materi saat pembelajaran.
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of QPM, Provit-A, and Elite Maize Inbreds Resistant to Downy Mildew Disease Using Simple Sequence Repeats
Authors: Andayani Nining Nurini , Isnaini Muzdalifah , Aqil Muhammad , Muis Amran , Pabendon Marcia Bunga , Azrai Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Functional maize tends to be more susceptible to major maize diseases, particularly Downy mildew. Among the functional maize are Quality Protein Maize (QPM) and Provit A maize. The presence of higher amino acid and beta carotene in functional maize might have caused these types of maize more susceptible to Downy mildew disease. The objective of the research was to identify the heterotic pairs among maize inbreds i.e. QPM, Provit A, and local maize varieties resistant to Downy mildew disease using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) marker. The research was conducted from April to July 2017 at the Molecular Biology Laboratory of Indonesian Cereals Research Institute. A total of five QPM inbreds, 15 Provit A inbreds, and 11 Downy mildew resistant local varieties of maize were used in the experiment using 34 SSR markers. Results indicated that among 34 SSR locus analysed, variation of allele lengths ranged from 74 bp to 500 bp. A total of 125 alleles ranging from two to nine alleles per locus with an average of 3.68 alleles were generated. The data indicated wide genetic variations among characters. DNA band profile showed that nc130 marker produced the highest PIC (over 0.83) and allele value (8.00). Genetic distance analysis found a total of 21 heterotic genotypes with genetic distance exceeds 0.65. 
Construction and Characterization of a Novel Glucose Dehydrogenase-Leucine Dehydrogenase Bifunctional Enzyme for the Biosynthesis of L-Tert-Leucine
Authors: Liao Langxing , Zhang Yonghui , Wang Yali , Fu Yousi , Zhang Aihui , Qiu Ruodian , Yang Shuhao , Fang Baishan
Published: January 2021

Background: Biosynthesis of L-tert-leucine (L-tle), a significant pharmaceutical intermediate, by a cofactor regeneration system friendly and efficiently is a worthful goal all the time. The cofactor regeneration system of leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) has showed great coupling catalytic efficiency in the synthesis of L-tle, however the multi-enzyme complex of GDH and LeuDH has never been constructed successfully.Results: In this work, a novel bifunctional enzyme (GDH-R3-LeuDH) for the efficient biosynthesis of L-tle was constructed by the fusion of LeuDH and GDH mediated with a rigid peptide linker. Compared with the free enzymes, both the environmental tolerance and thermal stability of GDH-R3-LeuDH had a great improved since the fusion structure. The fusion structure also accelerated the cofactor regeneration rate and maintained the enzyme activity, so the productivity and yeild of L-tle by GDH-R3-LeuDH was all enhanced by 2-fold. Finally, the space-time yield of L-tle catalyzing by GDH-R3-LeuDH whole cells could achieve 2136 g/L/d in a 200 mL scale system under the optimal catalysis conditions (pH 9.0, 30℃, 0.4 mM of NAD+ and 500 mM of a substrate including trimethylpyruvic acid and glucose). Conclusions: It is the first report about the fusion of GDH and LeuDH as the multi-enzyme complex to synthesize L-tle and reach the highest space-time yield up to now. These results demonstrated the great potential of the GDH-R3-LeuDH bifunctional enzyme for the efficient biosynthesis of L-tle.
Creating a Self-Image
Authors: Kersten Saskia , Lotze Netaya
Published: January 2021

In this article, we build on research arguing that linguistic self-representation on social media can be viewed as a form of face-work and that the strategies employed by users are influenced by both a desire to connect with others and a need to preserve privacy. Drawing on our own analyses of usernames as well as that of others which were conducted as part of a large-scale project investigating usernames in 14 languages (Schlobinski/T. Siever 2018a), we argue that these conflicting goals of wanting to be recognised as an authen­tic member of an in-group while retaining a degree of anonymity are also observable in the choice of username. Online self-naming can thus be viewed as a key practice in the debate of face-work on social media platforms, because names and naming strategies can be stud­ied more readily than broader and more complex aspects, such as stylistic variation or text-image interdependence, while at the same time forming part of these.