bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective intraoperative and histologic evaluation of cavernous sinus medial wall invasion by pituitary adenomas and its implications for acromegaly remission outcomes
Authors: Mohyeldin Ahmed , Katznelson Laurence J. , Hoffman Andrew R. , Asmaro Karam , Ahmadian Saman S. , Eltobgy Mostafa M. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Patel Zara M. , Hwang Peter H. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C.
Published: June 2022

Recurrence and biochemical remission rates vary widely among different histological subtypes of pituitary adenoma. In this prospective study, we evaluated 107 consecutive primary pituitary adenomas operated on by a single neurosurgeon including 28 corticotroph, 27 gonadotroph, 24 somatotroph, 17 lactotroph, 5 null-cell and 6 plurihormonal. In each case, we performed direct endoscopic intraoperative inspection of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus, which was surgically removed when invasion was visualized. This was performed irrespective of tumor functional status. Medial wall resection was performed in 47% of pituitary adenomas, and 39/50 walls confirmed pathologic evidence of invasion, rendering a positive predictive value of intraoperative evaluation of medial wall invasion of 78%. We show for the first-time dramatic disparities in the frequency of medial wall invasion among pathological subtypes. Somatotroph tumors invaded the medial wall much more often than other adenoma subtypes, 81% intraoperatively and 69% histologically, followed by plurihormonal tumors (40%) and gonadotroph cell tumors (33%), both with intraoperative positive predictive value of 100%. The least likely to invade were corticotroph adenomas, at a rate of 32% intraoperatively and 21% histologically, and null-cell adenomas at 0%. Removal of the cavernous sinus medial wall was not associated with permanent cranial nerve morbidity nor carotid artery injury, although 4 patients (all Knosp 3-4) experienced transient diplopia. Medial wall resection in acromegaly resulted in the highest potential for biochemical remission ever reported, with an average postoperative day 1 GH levels of 0.96 ug/L and surgical remission rates of 92% based on normalization of IGF-1 levels after surgery (mean = 15.56 months; range 3–30 months). Our findings suggest that tumor invasion of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus may explain the relatively low biochemical remission rates currently seen for acromegaly and illustrate the relevance of advanced intradural surgical approaches for successful and durable outcomes in endonasal pituitary surgery for functional adenomas.
Unsupervised learning architecture for classifying the transient noise of interferometric gravitational-wave detectors
Authors: Sakai Yusuke , Itoh Yousuke , Jung Piljong , Kokeyama Keiko , Kozakai Chihiro , Nakahira Katsuko T. , Oshino Shoichi , Shikano Yutaka , Takahashi Hirotaka , Uchiyama Takashi , Ueshima Gen , Washimi Tatsuki , Yamamoto Takahiro , Yokozawa Takaaki
Published: June 2022

In the data obtained by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors, transient noise with non-stationary and non-Gaussian features occurs at a high rate. This often results in problems such as detector instability and the hiding and/or imitation of gravitational-wave signals. This transient noise has various characteristics in the time–frequency representation, which is considered to be associated with environmental and instrumental origins. Classification of transient noise can offer clues for exploring its origin and improving the performance of the detector. One approach for accomplishing this is supervised learning. However, in general, supervised learning requires annotation of the training data, and there are issues with ensuring objectivity in the classification and its corresponding new classes. By contrast, unsupervised learning can reduce the annotation work for the training data and ensure objectivity in the classification and its corresponding new classes. In this study, we propose an unsupervised learning architecture for the classification of transient noise that combines a variational autoencoder and invariant information clustering. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture, we used the dataset (time–frequency two-dimensional spectrogram images and labels) of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) first observation run prepared by the Gravity Spy project. The classes provided by our proposed unsupervised learning architecture were consistent with the labels annotated by the Gravity Spy project, which manifests the potential for the existence of unrevealed classes.
Ex-vivo study on the surface quality of corneal lenticule and stroma after low energy femtosecond laser lenticule extraction
Authors: Nanavaty Mayank A. , Naveed Hasan , Ashena Zahra , Mukhija Ritika
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to assess the surface quality of cap, stroma and lenticular surfaces created using low-energy femtosecond laser lenticule extraction (Ziemer FEMTO LDV Z8). Twenty-four porcine eyes were divided into four groups (n = 6 each): two with optimal laser power (32%) with posterior curvature equivalent to a spherical correction of -2D and -5D, respectively and the other two with high power (64%) with spherical correction of -2D and -5D respectively. Samples were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface morphology was evaluated using a standard scoring system; surface relief, surface regularity, extent and position of irregularities were graded by four independent clinicians. Eyes with 32% power and -2D correction had significantly less size of the irregular area than those with -5D; however, no significant difference was found between the two groups with 64% power. When comparing eyes with -2D correction, the size of the irregular area was lesser with 32% power. Surface relief was lesser with -5D correction with 32% power than 64% power. Low-energy femtosecond laser lenticule extraction (Ziemer FEMTO LDV Z8) produces good surface quality results. There is a tendency for smoother surface stromal quality with lower power settings than a higher power.
Mitochondrial complex I dysfunction alters the balance of soluble and membrane-bound TNF during chronic experimental colitis
Authors: Peña-Cearra Ainize , Pascual-Itoiz Miguel Angel , Lavín Jose Luis , Fuertes Miguel , Martín-Ruiz Itziar , Castelo Janire , Palacios Ainhoa , Barriales Diego , Fullaondo Asier , Aransay Ana M , Rodríguez Hector , Anguita Juan , Abecia Leticia
Published: June 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex, chronic, relapsing and heterogeneous disease induced by environmental, genomic, microbial and immunological factors. MCJ is a mitochondrial protein that regulates the metabolic status of macrophages and their response to translocated bacteria. Previously, an acute murine model of DSS-induced colitis showed increased disease severity due to MCJ deficiency. Unexpectedly, we now show that MCJ-deficient mice have augmented tumor necrosis factor α converting enzyme (TACE) activity in the context of chronic inflammation. This adaptative change likely affects the balance between soluble and transmembrane TNF and supports the association of the soluble form and a milder phenotype. Interestingly, the general shifts in microbial composition previously observed during acute inflammation were absent in the chronic model of inflammation in MCJ-deficient mice. However, the lack of the mitochondrial protein resulted in increased alpha diversity and the reduction in critical microbial members associated with inflammation, such as Ruminococcus gnavus, which could be associated with TACE activity. These results provide evidence of the dynamic metabolic adaptation of the colon tissue to chronic inflammatory changes mediated by the control of mitochondrial function.
Effect of thermal treatment at high temperature on phase stability and transformation of Yb2O3 and Y2O3 co-doped ZrO2 ceramics
Authors: Cao Zheng , An Shengli , Song Xiwen
Published: June 2022

Y2O3 doped ZrO2 (YSZ) ceramic material is used to protect alloy components worked in high-temperature. But its phase transformation between tetragonal phase and monoclinic phase occurred at 1150 °C leads to YSZ invalid. Therefore, enhancing the phase stability of YSZ is necessary for meeting the demands of the development of thermal barrier coatings (TBC). In this study, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra were used to explore the phase stability and phase transformation of Yb2O3 and Y2O3 co-doped ZrO2 (YbYSZ) ceramics after heat treatment at 1300 °C with different times. The stability of tetragonal phase is improved by tetragonality decreasing with Yb3+ doped. Simultaneously, the incorporation of Yb3+ leads to O–O coupling, which is beneficial for increasing the concentration of oxygen vacancies near the substituted ions, thereby improving the stability of the crystal. The 6.5YbYSZ ceramic has the best stability after heat treatment at 1300 °C for different times.
The role of titanium surface micromorphology in MG-63 cell motility during osteogenesis
Authors: Jia Fang , Wang Shuxiu , Xu Shulan , Wu Wangxi , Zhou Lei , Zeng Jingsong
Published: June 2022

Different surface micromorphologies influence osteoblast movements and impact the osteogenesis around implants. In this study, a biomimetic chip that simulates the microenvironment of the implant and bone in vitro was developed (tissue-on-chip of group T and group C) to study the correlation of cell movement velocity (CMV), direction (CMD), acceleration (CMA), and cell attachment number (CA) with the surface micromorphology of the Titanium material. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used for flow analysis. Changes in intraosseous pressure (IOP), local blood perfusion index (LBPI), new bone microstructure, microvessel density (MVD), and bone-implant contact (BIC) in beagle dogs were detected as implant surface alterations. Surface skewness (Ssk) and surface arithmetic mean height (Sa) were the most important negative factors for high CMV, accounting for 51% and 32%, respectively, of all the influencing factors. Higher Ssk (SskT > 0, SskC < 0) and Sa (SaT > SaC) resulted in lower CMV (CMVT:CMVC = 0.41:1), greater CA (CAT:CAC = 1.44:1), and higher BIC (BICT:BICC = 3.06:1) (P < 0.05). The surface micromorphology influenced the CMD of MG-63 cells within 20 μm from the material surface. However, it could not regulate the IOP, LBPI, MVD, new bone microstructure, or CMD (P > 0.05).
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of tetrahydroquinolinones and tetrahydroquinolines with anticancer activity
Authors: Ryczkowska Małgorzata , Maciejewska Natalia , Olszewski Mateusz , Witkowska Milena , Makowiec Sławomir
Published: June 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Europe and the United States and the second leading cause of cancer related mortality. A therapeutic strategy used for the treatment of CRC involves targeting the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we synthesized a series of novel tetrahydroquinolinones and assessed their ability to inhibit CRC growth and proliferation by evoking cellular stress through ROS. Our results revealed that (2-oxo-4-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl) N-(3-fluorophenyl)carbamate (20d) exhibited in vitro antiproliferative activity at micromolar concentrations. The compound also suppressed colony formation and the migration of HCT-116 cells, as well as deregulated the expression of several proteins involved in cell proliferation and metastasis. Furthermore,20dinduced massive oxidative stress by disrupting the balance of cells survival resulting in autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings suggest that this tetrahydroquinolinone can be an ideal lead compound for drug discovery based on quinone derivatives.
A machine learning based model accurately predicts cellular response to electric fields in multiple cell types
Authors: Sargent Brett , Jafari Mohammad , Marquez Giovanny , Mehta Abijeet Singh , Sun Yao-Hui , Yang Hsin-ya , Zhu Kan , Isseroff Roslyn Rivkah , Zhao Min , Gomez Marcella
Published: June 2022

Many cell types migrate in response to naturally generated electric fields. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the external application of an electric field may be used to intervene in and optimize natural processes such as wound healing. Precise cell guidance suitable for such optimization may rely on predictive models of cell migration, which do not generalize. Here, we present a machine learning model that can forecast directedness of cell migration given a timeseries of previous directedness and electric field values. This model is trained using time series galvanotaxis data of mammalian cranial neural crest cells obtained through time-lapse microscopy of cells cultured at 37 °C in a galvanotaxis chamber at ambient pressure. Next, we show that our modeling approach can be used for a variety of cell types and experimental conditions with very limited training data using transfer learning methods. We adapt the model to predict cell behavior for keratocytes (room temperature, ~ 18–20 °C) and keratinocytes (37 °C) under similar experimental conditions with a small dataset (~ 2–5 cells). Finally, this model can be used to perform in silico studies by simulating cell migration lines under time-varying and unseen electric fields. We demonstrate this by simulating feedback control on cell migration using a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. This data-driven approach provides predictive models of cell migration that may be suitable for designing electric field based cellular control mechanisms for applications in precision medicine such as wound healing.
Association of hemoglobin levels with bone mineral density for adults over 18 years of age: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Enqi , Hou Xinzheng , Liu Siqi , Han Jing , Lv Hao
Published: June 2022

The overall objective of this study was to determine the association between hemoglobin (HGB) and bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar and thoracic spine of adults aged ≥ 18 years. This cross-sectional study utilized the non-institutionalized US population from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) as the sample source. A multiple linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between HGB and BMD in the lumbar and thoracic spine, with analysis of subgroups conducted according to sex and race. Smooth curve fitting was performed to explore the potential nonlinear relationship. When nonlinearity was found, we further constructed a weighted two-piecewise linear regression model and used a recursive algorithm to calculate the inflection point. After accounting for relevant confounding variables, HGB was found to be negatively associated with lumbar spine BMD in multiple regression models. However, in the subgroup analyses stratified by sex and race, the relationship between HGB and thoracic spine BMD and lumbar spine BMD was only found in women and other races and races that were not recorded. In Non-Hispanic Asian subjects, the relationship between HGB and BMD in the lumbar spine and thoracic spine showed a U-shaped curve. In addition, the relationship between HGB and BMD in the lumbar spine formed an inverted U-shaped curve among participants in other races and those whose race was not reported. Our study shows that HGB has a non-linear relationship with lumbar and thoracic BMD. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this association.
Enhanced HIV SOSIP Envelope yields in plants through transient co-expression of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase B and calreticulin chaperones and ER targeting
Authors: Rosenberg Yvonne J. , Jiang Xiaoming , Lees Jonathan P. , Urban Lori A. , Mao Lingjun , Sack Markus
Published: June 2022

High yield production of recombinant HIV SOSIP envelope (Env) trimers has proven elusive as numerous disulfide bonds, proteolytic cleavage and extensive glycosylation pose high demands on the host cell machinery and stress imposed by accumulation of misfolded proteins may ultimately lead to cellular toxicity. The present study utilized the Nicotiana benthamiana/p19 (N.b./p19) transient plant system to assess co-expression of two ER master regulators and 5 chaperones, crucial in the folding process, to enhance yields of three Env SOSIPs, single chain BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140, CH505TF.6R.SOSIP.664.v4.1 and CH848-10.17-DT9. Phenotypic changes in leaves induced by SOSIP expression were employed to rapidly identify chaperone-assisted improvement in health and expression. Up to 15-fold increases were obtained by co-infiltration of peptidylprolvl isomerase (PPI) and calreticulin (CRT) which were further enhanced by addition of the ER-retrieval KDEL tags to the SOSIP genes; levels depending on individual SOSIP type, day of harvest and chaperone gene dosage. Results are consistent with reducing SOSIP misfolding and cellular stress due to increased exposure to the plant host cell’s calnexin/calreticulin network and accelerating the rate-limiting cis–trans isomerization of Xaa-Pro peptide bonds respectively. Plant transient co-expression facilitates rapid identification of host cell factors and will be translatable to other complex glycoproteins and mammalian expression systems.
A modified dynamic DEA model to assess the wastewater treatment efficiency: perspective from Yangtze River and Non-Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Ren Fangrong , Sun Yanan , Liu Jiawei , Chen Kejing , Shi Naixin
Published: June 2022

The wastewater treatment efficiency is crucial to constructing a livable ecological environment and promoting the sustainable development of economy and society. The differences in natural conditions, economic development and local policies between the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) and the Non-Yangtze River Basin (NYRB) increase the difficulty of wastewater treatment in governance. This study uses a modified Dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to assess the wastewater treatment from 2013 to 2020, and divides the study period into two stages: the first stage (2013–2017) assesses the wastewater treatment efficiency of 18 provinces and cities in YRB and 12 provinces and cities in NYRB; the second stage (2018–2020) conducts statistical analysis of wastewater discharge pollutants in YRB and NYRB. The results conclude that the total wastewater treatment efficiency is generally low, but polarization is quite prominent. Among total wastewater treatment efficiency, NYRB scored 0.504, or slightly higher than YRB (0.398). In terms of expense efficiency, both NYRB and YRB scored below 0.4. In terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) output efficiency, YRB (0.488) is better than NYRB (0.420). The second stage of statistical analysis presents that pollutant emissions are still high; the regions need to increase wastewater treatment investment and improve wastewater treatment efficiency.
Mobile phones are hazardous microbial platforms warranting robust public health and biosecurity protocols
Authors: Olsen Matthew , Nassar Rania , Senok Abiola , Moloney Susan , Lohning Anna , Jones Peter , Grant Gary , Morgan Mark , Palipana Dinesh , McKirdy Simon , Alghafri Rashed , Tajouri Lotti
Published: June 2022

Advancements in technology and communication have revolutionised the twenty-first century with the introduction of mobile phones and smartphones. These phones are known to be platforms harbouring microbes with recent research shedding light on the abundance and broad spectrum of organisms they harbour. Mobile phone use in the community and in professional sectors including health care settings is a potential source of microbial dissemination. To identify the diversity of microbial genetic signature present on mobile phones owned by hospital medical staff. Twenty-six mobile phones of health care staff were swabbed. DNA extraction for downstream next generation sequencing shotgun metagenomic microbial profiling was performed. Survey questionnaires were handed to the staff to collect information on mobile phone usage and users’ behaviours. Each of the 26 mobile phones of this study was contaminated with microbes with the detection of antibiotic resistance and virulent factors. Taken together the sum of microbes and genes added together across all 26 mobile phones totalised 11,163 organisms (5714 bacteria, 675 fungi, 93 protists, 228 viruses, 4453 bacteriophages) and 2096 genes coding for antibiotic resistance and virulent factors. The survey of medical staff showed that 46% (12/26) of the participants used their mobile phones in the bathroom. Mobile phones are vectors of microbes and can contribute to microbial dissemination and nosocomial diseases worldwide. As fomites, mobile phones that are not decontaminated may pose serious risks for public health and biosecurity.
Predicting Parkinson disease related genes based on PyFeat and gradient boosted decision tree
Authors: Helmy Marwa , Eldaydamony Eman , Mekky Nagham , Elmogy Mohammed , Soliman Hassan
Published: June 2022

Identifying genes related to Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an active research topic in biomedical analysis, which plays a critical role in diagnosis and treatment. Recently, many studies have proposed different techniques for predicting disease-related genes. However, a few of these techniques are designed or developed for PD gene prediction. Most of these PD techniques are developed to identify only protein genes and discard long noncoding (lncRNA) genes, which play an essential role in biological processes and the transformation and development of diseases. This paper proposes a novel prediction system to identify protein and lncRNA genes related to PD that can aid in an early diagnosis. First, we preprocessed the genes into DNA FASTA sequences from the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) genome browser and removed the redundancies. Second, we extracted some significant features of DNA FASTA sequences using the PyFeat method with the AdaBoost as feature selection. These selected features achieved promising results compared with extracted features from some state-of-the-art feature extraction techniques. Finally, the features were fed to the gradient-boosted decision tree (GBDT) to diagnose different tested cases. Seven performance metrics were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The proposed system achieved an average accuracy of 78.6%, the area under the curve equals 84.5%, the area under precision-recall (AUPR) equals 85.3%, F1-score equals 78.3%, Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) equals 0.575, sensitivity (SEN) equals 77.1%, and specificity (SPC) equals 80.2%. The experiments demonstrate promising results compared with other systems. The predicted top-rank protein and lncRNA genes are verified based on a literature review.
Elevated light intensity compensates for nitrogen deficiency during chrysanthemum growth by improving water and nitrogen use efficiency
Authors: Esmaeili Sara , Aliniaeifard Sasan , Dianati Daylami Shirin , Karimi Soheil , Shomali Aida , Didaran Fardad , Telesiński Arkadiusz , Sierka Edyta , Kalaji Hazem M.
Published: June 2022

Identifying environmental factors that improve plant growth and development under nitrogen (N) constraint is essential for sustainable greenhouse production. In the present study, the role of light intensity and N concentrations on the biomass partitioning and physiology of chrysanthemum was investigated. Four light intensities [75, 150, 300, and 600 µmol m−2 s−1photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)] and three N concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mM N L−1) were used. Vegetative and generative growth traits were improved by increase in PPFD and N concentration. High N supply reduced stomatal size and gsin plants under lowest PPFD. Under low PPFD, the share of biomass allocated to leaves and stem was higher than that of flower and roots while in plants grown under high PPFD, the share of biomass allocated to flower and root outweighed that of allocated to leaves and stem. As well, positive effects of high PPFD on chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, water use efficiency (WUE), Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) were observed in N-deficient plants. Furthermore, photosynthetic functionality improved by raise in PPFD. In conclusion, high PPFD reduced the adverse effects of N deficiency by improving photosynthesis and stomatal functionality, NUE, WUE, and directing biomass partitioning toward the floral organs.
Nationwide population-based incidence of cancer among patients with HIV/AIDS in South Korea
Authors: Lee Soon Ok , Lee Jeong Eun , Lee Shinwon , Lee Sun Hee , Kang Jin Suk , Son Hyunjin , Lee Hyungi , Kim Jinmi
Published: June 2022

Cancers are the leading cause of death among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA); however, nationwide studies on cancer incidence are limited. We aimed to determine the trends in the incidence rates of AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) and non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) among Korean PLWHA. Data from the National Health Insurance Sharing Service from 2004 to 2017 were collected. Age- and sex-adjusted standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for various cancer types relative to the general population were calculated. Of the 11,737 PLWHA followed-up for 65,052 person-years (PYs), 445 (ADCs, 130 and NADCs, 298) developed cancer. The incidence rate of ADCs decreased, whereas that of NADCs remained unchanged. PLWHA were at an increased risk of ADCs (SIR: 12.6, 95% CI: 10.6–15.0), including Kaposi’s sarcoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and cervical cancer, and some NADCs, including anal cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer. Of the 396 patients who received antiretroviral therapy (ART), 215 with optimal adherence had lower incidence rates for ADCs and NADCs than those with non-optimal adherence. The 5-year survival rate of PLWHA with NADCs was 57.8%. Close surveillance and routine screening of cancers and improvement in ART adherence are required to improve the clinical outcomes of PLWHA.
A new human-based metaheuristic algorithm for solving optimization problems on the base of simulation of driving training process
Authors: Dehghani Mohammad , Trojovská Eva , Trojovský Pavel
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a new stochastic optimization algorithm is introduced, called Driving Training-Based Optimization (DTBO), which mimics the human activity of driving training. The fundamental inspiration behind the DTBO design is the learning process to drive in the driving school and the training of the driving instructor. DTBO is mathematically modeled in three phases: (1) training by the driving instructor, (2) patterning of students from instructor skills, and (3) practice. The performance of DTBO in optimization is evaluated on a set of 53 standard objective functions of unimodal, high-dimensional multimodal, fixed-dimensional multimodal, and IEEE CEC2017 test functions types. The optimization results show that DTBO has been able to provide appropriate solutions to optimization problems by maintaining a proper balance between exploration and exploitation. The performance quality of DTBO is compared with the results of 11 well-known algorithms. The simulation results show that DTBO performs better compared to 11 competitor algorithms and is more efficient in optimization applications.
Running interval training combined with blood flow restriction increases maximal running performance and muscular fitness in male runners
Authors: Chen Yun-Tsung , Hsieh Yao-Yi , Ho Jen-Yu , Ho Chien-Chang , Lin Tung-Yi , Lin Jung-Charng
Published: June 2022

We investigated the effects of 8 weeks (3 days per week) of running interval training (RIT) combined with blood flow restriction (RIT-BFR) on the maximal running performance (RPmax), isokinetic muscle strength, and muscle endurance in athletes. Twenty endurance-trained male runners were pair-matched and randomly assigned to the RIT-BFR and RIT groups. The RIT-BFR group performed RIT (50% heart rate reserve, 5 sets of 3 min each, and 1-min rest interval) with inflatable cuffs (1.3× resting systolic blood pressure), and the RIT group performed the same RIT without inflatable cuffs. RPmax, isokinetic muscle strength, and muscle endurance were assessed at pre-, mid-, and post-training. Compared with the RIT group, the RIT-BFR group exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) greater increase in RPmax, isokinetic knee extensor and flexor strength, and knee extensor endurance after 24 training sessions. These results suggested that RIT-BFR may be a feasible training strategy for improving muscular fitness and endurance running performance in distance runners.
Dispersal and oviposition patterns of Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) during the oviposition period in Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae)
Authors: Jung Minhyung , Kho Jung-Wook , Gook Do-Hun , Lee Young Su , Lee Doo-Hyung
Published: June 2022

The spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), has the potential to become a global pest and is currently expanding its range in the United States. In this study, we investigated the dispersal patterns of SLF in Ailanthus altissima during its oviposition period in South Korea using a fluorescent marking system. Oviposition patterns of SLF were then analyzed by surveying egg masses in A. altissima patches. The recapture rate of fluorescent-marked SLF rapidly decreased to 30% within the first two weeks. During the oviposition period, seven cases of among-patch dispersal of SLF adults were observed. The minimum distance that SLF could have traveled to achieve these among-patch dispersal events ranged from 10 to 1740 m, with most events spanning under 60 m. Also, the number of A. altissima trees on which fluorescent marked SLF were detected increased until September. Based on the egg mass survey, a total of 159 egg masses were detected from 38 out of 247 A. altissima trees. Furthermore, 79.2% of egg masses were located < 2.5 m above the ground. Finally, a generalized linear mixed model showed that tree height and diameter at root collar (DRC) of A. altissima trees had significant effects on the number of egg masses.
Aging in magma rheology
Authors: Kurokawa Aika K. , Miwa Takahiro , Ishibashi Hidemi
Published: June 2022

Aging, change in property depending on the elapsed time from preparation, is known to affect the rheological behavior of various materials. Therefore, whether magma ages must be examined to characterize potentially widespread volcanic phenomena related to the transition from rest to flow. To achieve this, we performed rheological measurements and microstructural analyses on basaltic andesite lava from the 1986 Izu-Oshima eruption. The rheology shows an initial overshoot of shear stress during start-up flow that correlates with the duration and the shear rate of a pre-rest time. This indicates that the yield stress of magma and lava increases with aging. The microstructure shows that original aggregates of crystals, which may grow during crystallization, coalesce during the pre-rest period to form clusters without changing the crystal volume fraction. We conclude that the clusters are broken by shear in the start-up flow, which induces the stress overshoot. Thus, aging in magma rheology will impact the understanding of dynamic flow.
Usability of deep learning and H&E images predict disease outcome-emerging tool to optimize clinical trials
Authors: Qaiser Talha , Lee Ching-Yi , Vandenberghe Michel , Yeh Joe , Gavrielides Marios A. , Hipp Jason , Scott Marietta , Reischl Joachim
Published: June 2022

Understanding factors that impact prognosis for cancer patients have high clinical relevance for treatment decisions and monitoring of the disease outcome. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and digital pathology offer an exciting opportunity to capitalize on the use of whole slide images (WSIs) of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tumor tissue for objective prognosis and prediction of response to targeted therapies. AI models often require hand-delineated annotations for effective training which may not be readily available for larger data sets. In this study, we investigated whether AI models can be trained without region-level annotations and solely on patient-level survival data. We present a weakly supervised survival convolutional neural network (WSS-CNN) approach equipped with a visual attention mechanism for predicting overall survival. The inclusion of visual attention provides insights into regions of the tumor microenvironment with the pathological interpretation which may improve our understanding of the disease pathomechanism. We performed this analysis on two independent, multi-center patient data sets of lung (which is publicly available data) and bladder urothelial carcinoma. We perform univariable and multivariable analysis and show that WSS-CNN features are prognostic of overall survival in both tumor indications. The presented results highlight the significance of computational pathology algorithms for predicting prognosis using H&E stained images alone and underpin the use of computational methods to improve the efficiency of clinical trial studies.
Muskelin regulates actin-dependent synaptic changes and intrinsic brain activity relevant to behavioral and cognitive processes
Authors: Muhia Mary , YuanXiang PingAn , Sedlacik Jan , Schwarz Jürgen R. , Heisler Frank F. , Gromova Kira V. , Thies Edda , Breiden Petra , Pechmann Yvonne , Kreutz Michael R. , Kneussel Matthias
Published: June 2022

Muskelin (Mkln1) is implicated in neuronal function, regulating plasma membrane receptor trafficking. However, its influence on intrinsic brain activity and corresponding behavioral processes remains unclear. Here we show that murine Mkln1 knockout causes non-habituating locomotor activity, increased exploratory drive, and decreased locomotor response to amphetamine. Muskelin deficiency impairs social novelty detection while promoting the retention of spatial reference memory and fear extinction recall. This is strongly mirrored in either weaker or stronger resting-state functional connectivity between critical circuits mediating locomotor exploration and cognition. We show that Mkln1 deletion alters dendrite branching and spine structure, coinciding with enhanced AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission but selective impairment in synaptic potentiation maintenance. We identify muskelin at excitatory synapses and highlight its role in regulating dendritic spine actin stability. Our findings point to aberrant spine actin modulation and changes in glutamatergic synaptic function as critical mechanisms that contribute to the neurobehavioral phenotype arising from Mkln1 ablation.
Transmission of antibiotic resistance at the wildlife-livestock interface
Authors: Lee Shinyoung , Fan Peixin , Liu Ting , Yang Anni , Boughton Raoul K. , Pepin Kim M. , Miller Ryan S. , Jeong Kwangcheol Casey
Published: June 2022

Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMs) are widespread in natural environments, animals (wildlife and livestock), and humans, which has reduced our capacity to control life threatening infectious disease. Yet, little is known about their transmission pathways, especially at the wildlife-livestock interface. This study investigated the potential transmission of ARMs and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) between cattle and wildlife by comparing gut microbiota and ARG profiles of feral swine (Sus scrofa), coyotes (Canis latrans), cattle (Bos taurus), and environmental microbiota. Unexpectedly, wild animals harbored more abundant ARMs and ARGs compared to grazing cattle. Gut microbiota of cattle was significantly more similar to that of feral swine captured within the cattle grazing area where the home range of both species overlapped substantially. In addition, ARMs against medically important antibiotics were more prevalent in wildlife than grazing cattle, suggesting that wildlife could be a source of ARMs colonization in livestock.
Recent advances in the routes and catalysts for ethanol synthesis from syngas
Authors: Liu Guangbo , Yang Guohui , Peng Xiaobo , Wu Jinhu , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: June 2022

This review describes recent advances in the routes and catalysts for ethanol synthesis from syngas.
Molecular engineering to achieve AIE-active photosensitizers with NIR emission and rapid ROS generation efficiency
Authors: Ding Guanyu , Tong Jialin , Gong Jianye , Wang Zhiming , Su Zhongmin , Liu Lu , Han Xu , Wang Jianguo , Zhang Lingyu , Wang Xinlong , Wen Li-Li , Shan Guo-Gang
Published: June 2022

To deepen the understanding of the structure-property relationship, three AIEgens named DBP, TBP, and TBP-SO3 are designed. By controlling the ability of D–A units, TBP-SO3 realizes efficient NIR emission and a more rapid ROS generation ability.
Magnetic bioactive glass nano-heterostructures: a deeper insight into magnetic hyperthermia properties in the scope of bone cancer treatment
Authors: Vergnaud Florestan , Kesse Xavier , Jacobs Aurélie , Perton Francis , Begin-Colin Sylvie , Mertz Damien , Descamps Stéphane , Vichery Charlotte , Nedelec Jean-Marie
Published: June 2022

γ-Fe2O3@SiO2–CaO NPs were designed. They show predicable and effective magnetic hyperthermia properties in clinically relevant conditions and promote hydroxyapatite growth in SBF. They could be used to heal bone defects due to tumor resection.
Metal-free hypervalent iodine-promoted tandem carbonyl migration and unactivated C(Ph)–C(Alkyl) bond cleavage for quinolone scaffold synthesis
Authors: Song Li-Rui , Li He , Wang Shen-Feng , Lin Jian-Ping , Huang Bin , Long Ya-Qiu
Published: June 2022

An unprecedented metal-free unactivated C(Ph)–C(alkyl) bond cleavage triggered by a tandem radical 5-ipso trig cyclization and 1,2-carbonyl migration to synthesize pharmaceutically important 4-quinolone scaffolds has been developed.
Enhanced ammonia synthesis activity of carbon-supported Mo catalyst by Mo carburization
Authors: Fang Biyun , Zhang Chuanfeng , Li Jiahui , Yang Miaodi , Li Chunyan , Ni Jun , Wang Xiuyun , Lin Jianxin , Lin Bingyu , Jiang Lilong
Published: June 2022

Mo2C is introduced into a carbon-supported Mo catalyst by in situ carburization of a carbon-supported Mo catalyst in H2. The catalyst with carbonization treatment shows higher ammonia synthesis activity and more excellent high-pressure effect.
Bridged eosin Y: a visible and near-infrared photoredox catalyst
Authors: Tanioka Masaru , Kuromiya Ayako , Ueda Rina , Obata Tohru , Muranaka Atsuya , Uchiyama Masanobu , Kamino Shinichiro
Published: June 2022

Herein, a new NIR photoredox catalyst, bridged eosin Y (BEY), has been developed.
Premelting layer during ice growth: role of clusters
Authors: Cui Shifan , Chen Haoxiang , Zhao Zhengpu
Published: June 2022

Clusters spontaneously emerge from the premelting ice surface. Their interaction with ice growth is discussed.
Influence of ionic liquids on the chain dynamics and enthalpy relaxation of poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Liu Gang , Fang Dong , Dan Yongjie , Luo Huan , Luo Cong , Niu Yanhua , Li Guangxian
Published: June 2022

The effects of the ionic liquids (ILs) structure (alkyl chain lengths and anions) on the chain dynamics of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were investigated by rheology and DSC measurements combined with molecular dynamic simulations.
Effects of aluminum incorporation on the schwertmannite structure and surface properties
Authors: Carrero Sergio , Fernandez-Martinez Alejandro , Pérez-López Rafael , Cama Jordi , Dejoie Catherine , Nieto José Miguel
Published: June 2022

Aluminum in schwertmannite structure increases the proportion of covalent bonding with adsorbed arsenates.
Evaluating effectiveness of electron shuttles in environments with a WO3 nanoprobe
Authors: Wu Jing-Hang , Tian Tian , Guan Yan-Fang , Zhang Feng , Yu Han-Qing
Published: June 2022

For kinetically evaluating the electron transfer mediated by electron shuttles, an accurate and rapid colorimetric method was established based on the biogenic electrochromism of WO3 nanoprobe.
A point-of-care microfluidic channel-based device for rapid and direct detection of fibrinogen in whole blood
Authors: Ban Qinan , Zhang Yulong , Li Yuxuan , Cao Daye , Ye Weifeng , Zhan Linsheng , Wang Daming , Wang Xiaohui
Published: June 2022

A point-of-care microfluidic channel-based device for direct measurement of fibrinogen levels in whole blood to meet the need of on-site detection.
Addressing a future pandemic: how can non-biological complex drugs prepare us for antimicrobial resistance threats?
Authors: Blackman Lewis D. , Sutherland Tara D. , De Barro Paul J. , Thissen Helmut , Locock Katherine E. S.
Published: June 2022

Non-biological complex drugs (NBCDs) are an emerging class of therapeutics that show multi-mechanistic antimicrobial activity and hold great promise as next generation antimicrobial agents.
Porphyrin covalent organic nanodisks synthesized using acid-assisted exfoliation for improved bactericidal efficacy
Authors: Li Xinxi , Shigemitsu Hajime , Goto Tomoyo , Kida Toshiyuki , Sekino Tohru , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Osakada Yasuko
Published: June 2022

Porphyrin covalent organic nanodisks were synthesized by exfoliating covalent organic frameworks in acidic aqueous solutions at pH 4. Showed remarkable bactericidal activity against E. coli owing to enhanced generation of singlet oxygen upon visible light irradiation.
Tuning magnetic properties by crystal engineering in a family of coordination polymers based on Ni(ii) sulphates
Authors: González Guillén Anabel B. , Konieczny Piotr , Luberda-Durnaś Katarzyna , Oszajca Marcin , Kozieł Marcin , Łasocha Wiesław
Published: June 2022

A new family of hybrid organic–inorganic layered materials based on nickel sulfates was synthesized using a one-pot, solvent-free synthetic approach using 1,2-phenylenediamine (OPD), 1,3-phenylenediamine (MPD) and 1,4-phenylenediamine (PPD).
A smart hydrogel carrier for silver nanoparticles: an improved recyclable catalyst with temperature-tuneable catalytic activity for alcohol and olefin oxidation
Authors: Maddahzadeh-Darini Nastaran , Rezheh Somaieh , Ghorbanloo Massomeh , Mori Masami , Yahiro Hidenori , Mokary-Yazdeli Tahereh
Published: June 2022

Radical polymerization reactions were employed to synthesize thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) hydrogels at room temperature.
Metal- and base-free regioselective cascade sulfonylation-cyclization of 1,5-dienes via the insertion of sulfur dioxide: access to pyrrolinones
Authors: Ding Ran , Tang Xue-Feng , Deng Yu-Hang , Luo Shan , Wang Pei-Long
Published: June 2022

A metal- and base-free regioselective cascade sulfonylation–cyclization reaction of linear substrates, 1,5-dienes, has been developed to synthesize sulfonylated pyrrolinones.
Enhanced thermal transportation across an electrostatic self-assembly of black phosphorene and boron nitride nanosheets in flexible composite films
Authors: Wang Yandong , Wei Xianzhe , Cai Huiwu , Zhang Bin , Chen Yapeng , Li Maohua , Qin Yue , Li Linhong , Kong Xiangdong , Gong Ping , Chen Huanyi , Ruan Xinxin , Jiao Chengcheng , Cai Tao , Zhou Wenying , Wang Zhongwei , Nishimura Kazuhito , Lin Cheng-Te , Jiang Nan , Yu Jinhong
Published: June 2022

For effective heat dissipation in portable electronics, there is a great demand for lightweight and flexible films with superior thermal transport properties.
Molecular imprinting as a tool for determining molecular markers: a lung cancer case
Authors: Piletska Elena , Magumba Kirabo , Joseph Lesslly , Garcia Cruz Alvaro , Norman Rachel , Singh Rajinder , Tabasso Antonella F. S. , Jones Donald J. L. , Macip Salvador , Piletsky Sergey
Published: June 2022

A first use of molecular imprinting for characterisation of surfaceome of the lung cancer cells and discovery of the molecular markers for radiosensitivity: towards development of an effective tool for cancer therapy and personalised medicine.
Quasi-two-dimensional α-molybdenum oxide thin film prepared by magnetron sputtering for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Wu Zhenfa , Shi Peng , Xing Ruofei , Xing Yuzhi , Ge Yufeng , Wei Lin , Wang Dong , Zhao Le , Yan Shishen , Chen Yanxue
Published: June 2022

An all-solid-state synaptic transistor with about 4 orders conductance modulation is fabricated based on the α-MoO3 thin film. A three-layer artificial neural network with high recognition accuracy was constructed based on this synaptic transistor.
Oxygenated P/N co-doped carbon for efficient 2e−oxygen reduction to H2O2
Authors: Li Zongge , Kumar Anuj , Liu Nianxi , Cheng Ming , Zhao Changkai , Meng Xiangshe , Li Huifang , Zhang Ying , Liu Zhiming , Zhang Guoxin , Sun Xiaoming
Published: June 2022

Supportive edged P sites that are co-functionalized with O and N atoms yield the best H2O2yield rate of 698.4 mmol gcat.−1h−1and Faradaic efficiency of 87% in a H-type cell.
Microwave catalytic activities of MFe2O4@CMT (M = Ni, Co) supported catalysts for the degradation of dimethyl phthalate
Authors: Qin Wenli , Zhang Xinyi , Chen Zefei , Liu Xueya , Ai Manqing , Zhang Pingping , Ye Ying , Ma Zengling
Published: June 2022

Microwave catalytic activity of MFe2O4@CMT (M = Ni, Co) supported catalysts for the degradation of dimethyl phthalate follows ·OH-oxidation and direct oxidation.
SN 2019zrk, a bright SN 2009ip analog with a precursor
Authors: Fransson Claes , Sollerman Jesper , Strotjohann Nora L. , Yang Sheng , Schulze Steve , Barbarino Cristina , Kool Erik C. , Ofek Eran O. , Crellin-Quick Arien , De Kishalay , Drake Andrew J. , Fremling Christoffer , Gal-Yam Avishay , Ho Anna Y. Q. , Kasliwal Mansi M.
Published: June 2022

We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of the Type IIn supernova SN 2019zrk (also known as ZTF 20aacbyec). The SN shows a > 100 day precursor, with a slow rise, followed by a rapid rise toM ≈ −19.2 in therandgbands. The post-peak light-curve decline is well fit with an exponential decay with a timescale of ∼39 days, but it shows prominent undulations, with an amplitude of ∼1 mag. Both the light curve and spectra are dominated by an interaction with a dense circumstellar medium (CSM), probably from previous mass ejections. The spectra evolve from a scattering-dominated Type IIn spectrum to a spectrum with strong P-Cygni absorptions. The expansion velocity is high, ∼16 000 km s−1, even in the last spectra. The last spectrum ∼110 days after the main eruption reveals no evidence for advanced nucleosynthesis. From analysis of the spectra and light curves, we estimate the mass-loss rate to be ∼4 × 10−2 M⊙yr−1for a CSM velocity of 100 km s−1, and a CSM mass of 1 M⊙. We find strong similarities for both the precursor, general light curve, and spectral evolution with SN 2009ip and similar SNe, although SN 2019zrk displays a brighter peak magnitude. Different scenarios for the nature of the 09ip-class of SNe, based on pulsational pair instability eruptions, wave heating, and mergers, are discussed.
A general relativistic estimation of the black hole mass-to-distance ratio at the core of TXS 2226–184
Authors: Villalobos-Ramírez Artemisa , Gallardo-Rivera Oswaldo , Herrera-Aguilar Alfredo , Nucamendi Ulises
Published: June 2022

In this work we make use of a general relativistic method to estimate the mass-to-distance ratio M/D = 3.54−0.18+0.20 × 104 M⊙ Mpc−1 of the black hole hosted at the core of the active galactic nucleus of TXS 2226–184, along with its right ascension offset and the recession redshift (velocity) of the galaxy. Our statistical fit is based on the frequency shift of photons emitted by water masers and their orbital positions when circularly revolving around the black hole center within the accretion disk of the active galactic nucleus. By taking a previously reported distance to the galaxy into account, we compare the result of the black hole mass fit to an estimate based on a mass-luminosity correlation. We find that the black hole mass at the core of TXS 2226–184 obtained with the aid of the statistical fit using the general relativistic method, M = 3.67−0.18+0.20 × 106 M⊙, is approximately 0.6 times the black hole mass, MBH = 6.24−2.27+3.63 × 106 M⊙, which was computed with the mass–luminosity correlation.