bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A sustainable protocol for the facile synthesis of zinc-glutamate MOF: an efficient catalyst for room temperature CO2fixation reactions under wet conditions
Authors: Kathalikkattil Amal Cherian , Roshan Roshith , Tharun Jose , Babu Robin , Jeong Gyeong-Seon , Kim Dong-Woo , Cho Sung June , Park Dae-Won
Published: October 2015

A water-stable zinc-glutamate-MOF catalyst, prepared using a facile and eco-friendly method at room temperature, was employed for room temperature wet CO2fixation reactions.
Berberine as a novel light-up i-motif fluorescence ligand and its application in designing molecular logic systems
Authors: Xu Lijun , Hong Shanni , Sun Na , Wang Kewei , Zhou Lu , Ji Liya , Pei Renjun
Published: October 2015

Berberine is reported as a light-up fluorescence ligand for i-motif structures, which enables the development of label-free DNA-based logic gates.
Hierarchical core/shell structure of MnO2@polyaniline composites grown on carbon fiber paper for application in pseudocapacitors
Authors: Yang MinHo , Hong Seok Bok , Choi Bong Gill
Published: October 2015

Hierarchical core/shell structured arrays of MnO2@polyaniline nanosheets synthesized on the surface of carbon fiber paper, showed high specific capacitance, high rate capability, and good cycle life.
Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) imaging of tissues and live cells
Authors: Andrew Chan K. L. , Kazarian Sergei G.
Published: October 2015

Recent advances and emerging applications of ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging for analysis of biomedical samples have been reviewed.
New approaches from nanomedicine for treating leishmaniasis
Authors: Gutiérrez Víctor , Seabra Amedea B. , Reguera Rosa M. , Khandare Jayant , Calderón Marcelo
Published: October 2015

This review summarizes the recent progress in nanomedicine for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Iron bis(oxazoline) complexes in asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Ollevier Thierry
Published: October 2015

Asymmetric reactions catalyzed by iron complexes have attracted considerable attention because iron is a ubiquitous, inexpensive, and environmentally benign metal. This overview charts the development and application of chiral iron bis(oxazoline) and pyridine-2,6-bis(oxazoline) catalysts through their most prominent and innovative uses in asymmetric catalysis, especially in Lewis acid and oxidation catalysis.
Towards understanding the hydrodeoxygenation pathways of furfural–acetone aldol condensation products over supported Pt catalysts
Authors: Ramos R. , Tišler Z. , Kikhtyanin O. , Kubička D.
Published: October 2015

Aiming at the valorisation of furfural-derived compounds, the hydrodeoxygenation of furfural–acetone condensation products has been studied using supported platinum catalysts.
Copper supported on H+-modified manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves (Cu/H-OMS-2) as a heterogeneous biomimetic catalyst for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]-N-heterocycles
Authors: Meng Xu , Zhang Jinqi , Chen Baohua , Jing Zhenqiang , Zhao Peiqing
Published: October 2015

A combination of Cu and H-OMS-2 is employed to synthesize heterocycles through multistep oxidation under a low-energy pathway.
Extremely high arsenic removal capacity for mesoporous aluminium magnesium oxide composites
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Dehong , Xia Fang , Tan Jeannie Z. Y. , Huang Pei-Pei , Song Wei-Guo , Nursam Natalita M. , Caruso Rachel A.
Published: October 2015

Mesoporous aluminium magnesium oxide composites exhibit extremely high adsorption capacities for As(v) and As(iii) with excellent environmental adaptability and selectivity.
Biotechnological production of acetoin, a bio-based platform chemical, from a lignocellulosic resource by metabolically engineered Enterobacter cloacae
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Liu Qiuyuan , Ge Yongsheng , Li Lixiang , Gao Chao , Xu Ping , Ma Cuiqing
Published: October 2015

Biotechnological production of acetoin, a bio-based platform chemical, from a lignocellulosic resource by metabolically engineeredEnterobacter cloacae.
Isolating single cells in a neurosphere assay using inertial microfluidics
Authors: Nathamgari S. Shiva P. , Dong Biqin , Zhou Fan , Kang Wonmo , Giraldo-Vela Juan P. , McGuire Tammy , McNaughton Rebecca L. , Sun Cheng , Kessler John A. , Espinosa Horacio D.
Published: October 2015

We use inertial microfluidics in a novel, lower shear-stress regime to isolate single cells in sphere-forming stem cell assays.
Research highlights: enhancing whole genome amplification using compartmentalization
Authors: Tay Andy , Kulkarni Rajan P. , Karimi Armin , Di Carlo Dino
Published: October 2015

Emulsion whole genome amplification – Whole-genome sequencing of a single viral species from a heterogeneous sample.
Photoswitching between black and colourless spectra exhibits resettable spatiotemporal logic
Authors: Wu Yue , Guo Zhiqian , Zhu Wei-Hong , Wan Wei , Zhang Junji , Li Wenlong , Li Xin , Tian He , Li Alexander D. Q.
Published: October 2015

All-photonic, solid-state logic gates are constructed by exploting the spatiotemporal responses of a photochromicc-BTA/BTAsystem to create logic operations.
Aggregation-induced emission enhancement and living cell imaging of novel diarylanthracene conjugated dyes
Authors: Xia Chao , Qian Ying
Published: October 2015

Diarylanthracene conjugated dyes with good aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties were synthesized and their BSA nanoparticles were successfully used in HeLa cell imaging.
Corrosion behavior of Incoloy 800H/HT in the fluoride molten salt FLiNaK + MFx (MFx = CrF3, FeF2, FeF3 and NiF2)
Authors: Pavlík V. , Kontrík M. , Boča M.
Published: October 2015

The corrosion resistance of Incoloy 800H/HT in FliNaK(eut) decreases upon addition of fluorides in the following order: CrF3 > FeF2 > FeF3 > NiF2.
Efficient saturated red light-emitting polyfluorenes containing iridium complexes in side chains
Authors: Guo Ting , Zhong Wenkai , Zhang Anqi , Zou Jianhua , Ying Lei , Yang Wei , Peng Junbiao
Published: October 2015

A maximum EQE of 7.8% with slow efficiency roll-off was attained based on a red light-emitting phosphorescent polymer PF-IrNiq1.
A highly selective and sensitive fluorescent turn-on Al3+ chemosensor in aqueous media and living cells: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Hwang In Hong , Choi Ye Won , Kim Kyung Beom , Park Gyeong Jin , Lee Jae Jun , Nguyen LeTuyen , Noh Insup , Kim Cheal
Published: October 2015

A highly selective and sensitive fluorescent chemosensor exhibited enhanced fluorescence in the presence of Al3+ and in living cells.
A rhodamine embedded bio-compatible smart molecule mimicking a combinatorial logic circuit and ‘key-pad lock’ memory device for defending against information risk
Authors: Mistri Tarun , Alam Rabiul , Bhowmick Rahul , Katarkar Atul , Chaudhuri Keya , Ali Mahammad
Published: October 2015

A rhodamine-based chemosensor LC with a colorimetric response towards Al3+ and Cu2+ and only a fluorescence response to Al3+ enables us to fabricate a ‘key-pad-logic’ function.
Thiophene-fused isoindigo based conjugated polymers for ambipolar organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Zhao Na , Ai Na , Cai Mian , Wang Xiao , Pei Jian , Wan Xiaobo
Published: October 2015

A series of donor–acceptor type of polymers based on thiophene-fused isoindigo were synthesized, among which the fully conjugatedPTII-Tshowed well balanced ambipolar OFET performance.
Visible-light-driven dye degradation using a floriated ZnIn2S4/AgIn5S8 heteromicrosphere catalyst
Authors: Song Jiangluqi , Jiang Tongtong , Ji Gengwu , Zhang Wenting , Cheng Xiangyi , Weng Wei , Zhu Lixin , Xu Xiaoliang
Published: October 2015

Here we report a new protocol for synthesizing ZnIn2S4/AgIn5S8 heteromicrospheres with an excellent photodegradation rate via partial cation exchange.
Synthesis of Ag2CO3/Bi2WO6 heterojunctions with enhanced photocatalytic activity and cycling stability
Authors: Bao Jianxing , Guo Shenghui , Gao Jiyun , Hu Tu , Yang Li , Liu Chenhui , Peng Jinhui , Jiang Caiyi
Published: October 2015

Novel hierarchical Ag2CO3/Bi2WO6 heterojunction photocatalysts were prepared and they exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and outstanding cycling performance for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye under visible light irradiation.
Reactive toughening of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel and its wastewater treatment performance by immobilization of microorganisms
Authors: Zhang Yi , Hui Bing , Ye Lin
Published: October 2015

Toughened PVA hydrogel beads were prepared by co-crosslinking with glycerol, resulting in the formation of a uniform and dense network gel structure, and the tensile property and hydraulic impact resistance were efficiently improved.
Detection of bioorthogonal groups by correlative light and electron microscopy allows imaging of degraded bacteria in phagocytes
Authors: van Elsland Daphne M. , Bos Erik , de Boer Wouter , Overkleeft Herman S. , Koster Abraham J. , van Kasteren Sander I.
Published: October 2015

The correlative light-electron microscopy is reported showing the labels in their ultrastructural context.
Validation of green composite containing nanocrystalline Mn2O3 and biocarbon derived from human hair as a potential anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Bongu Chandra Sekhar , Karuppiah Saravanan , Nallathamby Kalaiselvi
Published: October 2015

A new green composite of nanocrystalline Mn2O3, viz.Mn2O3/HHC containing biocarbon derived from human hair, has been exploited for the first time as an anode that demonstrates superior capacity and rate capability in lithium-ion batteries.
Mode of interaction of the Gαo subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins with the GoLoco1 motif of Drosophila Pins is determined by guanine nucleotides
Authors: Lüchtenborg Anne-Marie , Purvanov Vladimir , Melnik Bogdan S. , Becker Simon , Katanaev Vladimir L.
Published: October 2015

Drosophila GoLoco motif-containing protein Pins is unusual in its highly efficient interaction with both GDP- and the GTP-loaded forms of the α-subunit of the heterotrimeric Go protein. We analysed the interactions of Gαo in its two nucleotide forms with GoLoco1–the first of the three GoLoco domains of Pins–and the possible structures of the resulting complexes, through combination of conventional fluorescence and FRET measurements as well as through molecular modelling. Our data suggest that the orientation of the GoLoco1 motif on Gαo significantly differs between the two nucleotide states of the latter. In other words, a rotation of the GoLoco1 peptide in respect with Gαo must accompany the nucleotide exchange in Gαo. The sterical hindrance requiring such a rotation probably contributes to the guanine nucleotide exchange inhibitor activity of GoLoco1 and Pins as a whole. Our data have important implications for the mechanisms of Pins regulation in the process of asymmetric cell divisions.
2.2 Reactions with Cycloaddition as the Key Step (Not Involving α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compound Electrophiles)
Authors: Modha S. , Van der Eycken E.
Published: October 2015

The cycloaddition reaction of a 1,3-dipole and a dipolarophile, commonly known as the [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction, has become well established over the years. Multicomponent reactions involving a [3 + 2] cycloaddition as the key step conveniently generate diversely substituted heterocycles. In contrast to Section 2.1.6, the focus here is on reactions not involving α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
2.5 Free-Radical-Mediated Multicomponent Reactions Involving Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Fusano A. , Ryu I.
Published: October 2015

This review describes free-radical-mediated multicomponent reactions leading to a variety of carbonyl compounds, such as ketones, esters, amides, and the related cyclic carbonyl compounds, with introduction of carbon monoxide as the carbonyl function. All reactions are carried out in a single vessel using a stainless steel autoclave with a glass liner, and are therefore one-pot synthetic processes.
2.6 Metal-Mediated Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Xi C. , Chen C.
Published: October 2015

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) make possible the rapid synthesis of molecular libraries that have a high degree of structural diversity. Metal-mediated multicomponent reactions are particularly interesting as they give access to processes that occur with high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity with excellent functional group tolerance. For example, reductive coupling of two unsaturated compounds on reduced zirconocene affords a variety of zirconacycles, which react with electrophiles to form various carbo- and heterocycles.
LiNbO3: A photovoltaic substrate for massive parallel manipulation and patterning of nano-objects
Authors: Carrascosa M. , García-Cabañes A. , Jubera M. , Ramiro J. B. , Agulló-López F.
Published: October 2015

The application of evanescent photovoltaic (PV) fields, generated by visible illumination of Fe:LiNbO3 substrates, for parallel massive trapping and manipulation of micro- and nano-objects is critically reviewed. The technique has been often referred to as photovoltaic or photorefractive tweezers. The main advantage of the new method is that the involved electrophoretic and/or dielectrophoretic forces do not require any electrodes and large scale manipulation of nano-objects can be easily achieved using the patterning capabilities of light. The paper describes the experimental techniques for particle trapping and the main reported experimental results obtained with a variety of micro- and nano-particles (dielectric and conductive) and different illumination configurations (single beam, holographic geometry, and spatial light modulator projection). The report also pays attention to the physical basis of the method, namely, the coupling of the evanescent photorefractive fields to the dielectric response of the nano-particles. The role of a number of physical parameters such as the contrast and spatial periodicities of the illumination pattern or the particle deposition method is discussed. Moreover, the main properties of the obtained particle patterns in relation to potential applications are summarized, and first demonstrations reviewed. Finally, the PV method is discussed in comparison to other patterning strategies, such as those based on the pyroelectric response and the electric fields associated to domain poling of ferroelectric materials.
Thin film lubrication of hexadecane confined by iron and iron oxide surfaces: A crucial role of surface structure
Authors: Ta D. T. , Tieu A. K. , Zhu H. T. , Kosasih B.
Published: October 2015

A comparative analysis of thin film lubrication of hexadecane between different iron and its oxide surfaces has been carried out using classical molecular dynamic simulation. An ab initio force-field, COMPASS, was applied for n-hexadecane using explicit atom model. An effective potential derived from density functional theory calculation was utilized for the interfacial interaction between hexadecane and the tribo-surfaces. A quantitative surface parameterization was introduced to investigate the influence of surface properties on the structure, rheological properties, and tribological performance of the lubricant. The results show that although the wall-fluid attraction of hexadecane on pure iron surfaces is significantly stronger than its oxides, there is a considerable reduction of shear stress of confined n-hexadecane film between Fe(100) and Fe(110) surfaces compared with FeO(110), FeO(111), Fe2O3(001), and Fe2O3(012). It was found that, in thin film lubrication of hexadecane between smooth iron and iron oxide surfaces, the surface corrugation plays a role more important than the wall-fluid adhesion strength.
Fabrication of single phase p-CuInSe2 nanowire arrays by electrodeposited into anodic alumina templates
Authors: Cheng Yu-Song , Lang Hao-Jan , Houng Mau-Phon
Published: October 2015

Single-phase CuInSe2 nanowire (NW) arrays were prepared at various pH values in a heated electrolyte by using pulse electrodeposition techniques and an anodized aluminum oxide template. X-ray diffraction showed that the CuInSe2 NW nucleation mechanism received H+ constraints when the NWs were deposited at pH 1.7 with a (112) orientation and annealed at 550 °C. The CuInSe2 NW band gap was determined to be approximately 1 eV through optical measurements. Transmission electron microscopy showed that at the pH value of 1.7, small particles of the single-phase CuInSe2 NWs aligned along the crystallographic direction are nucleated to form large particles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the NW diameter and the length were 80 nm and 2.3 μm, respectively. From Mott–Schottky and Ohmic contact plots, the CuInSe2 NWs were found to be p-type semiconductors, and their work function was estimated to be approximately 4.69 eV.
Exogenous salicylic acid-triggered changes in the glutathione transferases and peroxidases are key factors in the successful salt stress acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Horváth Edit , Brunner Szilvia , Bela Krisztina , Papdi Csaba , Szabados László , Tari Irma , Csiszár Jolán
Published: October 2015

Salicylic acid (SA) applied exogenously is a potential priming agent during abiotic stress. In our experiments, the priming effect of SA was tested by exposing Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants to 2-week-long 10−9–10−5 M SA pretreatments in a hydroponic medium, followed by 1 week of 100 mM NaCl stress. The levels of reactive oxygen species and H2O2, changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression of selected glutathione transferase (GST) genes were investigated. Although 10−9–10−7 M SA pretreatment insufficiently induced defence mechanisms during the subsequent salt stress, 2-week pretreatments with 10−6 and 10−5 M SA alleviated the salinity-induced H2O2 and malondialdehyde accumulation, and increased superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, GST and glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activity. Our results indicate that long-term 10−6 and 10−5 M SA treatment mitigated the salt stress injury in this model plant. Enhanced expression of AtGSTU19 and AtGSTU24 may be responsible for the induced GST and GPOX activity, which may play an important role in acclimation. Modified GST expression suggested altered signalling in SA-hardened plants during salt stress. The hydroponic system applied in our experiments proved to be a useful tool for studying the effects of sequential treatments in A. thaliana.
Suppression of Sertoli cell tumour development during the first wave of spermatogenesis in inhibin α-deficient mice
Authors: Haverfield Jenna T. , Stanton Peter G. , Loveland Kate L. , Zahid Heba , Nicholls Peter K. , Olcorn Justine S. , Makanji Yogeshwar , Itman Catherine M. , Simpson Evan R. , Meachem Sarah J.
Published: October 2015

A dynamic partnership between follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and activin is required for normal Sertoli cell development and fertility. Disruptions to this partnership trigger Sertoli cells to deviate from their normal developmental pathway, as observed in inhibin α-knockout (Inha-KO) mice, which feature Sertoli cell tumours in adulthood. Here, we identified the developmental windows by which adult Sertoli cell tumourigenesis is most FSH sensitive. FSH was suppressed for 7 days in Inha-KO mice and wild-type littermates during the 1st, 2nd or 4th week after birth and culled in the 5th week to assess the effect on adult Sertoli cell development. Tumour growth was profoundly reduced in adult Inha-KO mice in response to FSH suppression during Weeks 1 and 2, but not Week 4. Proliferative Sertoli cells were markedly reduced in adult Inha-KO mice following FSH suppression during Weeks 1, 2 or 4, resulting in levels similar to those in wild-type mice, with greatest effect observed at the 2 week time point. Apoptotic Sertoli cells increased in adult Inha-KO mice after FSH suppression during Week 4. In conclusion, acute FSH suppression during the 1st or 2nd week after birth in Inha-KO mice profoundly suppresses Sertoli cell tumour progression, probably by inhibiting proliferation in the adult, with early postnatal Sertoli cells being most sensitive to FSH action.
Clique topology reveals intrinsic geometric structure in neural correlations
Authors: Giusti Chad , Pastalkova Eva , Curto Carina , Itskov Vladimir
Published: October 2015

Significance

Detecting structure in neural activity is critical for understanding the function of neural circuits. The coding properties of neurons are typically investigated by correlating their responses to external stimuli. It is not clear, however, if the structure of neural activity can be inferred intrinsically, without a priori knowledge of the relevant stimuli. We introduce a novel method, called clique topology, that detects intrinsic structure in neural activity that is invariant under nonlinear monotone transformations. Using pairwise correlations of neurons in the hippocampus, we demonstrate that our method is capable of detecting geometric structure from neural activity alone, without appealing to external stimuli or receptive fields.
The triangular spectrum of matrix factorizations is the singular locus
Authors: Yu Xuan
Published: October 2015

The singularity category of a ring/scheme is a triangulated category defined to capture the singularities of the ring/scheme. In the case of a hypersurface

R

/

f

R/f

, it is given by the homotopy category of matrix factorizations

[
M
F
(
R
,
f
)
]

[MF(R,f)]

. In this paper, we apply Balmer’s theory of tensor triangular geometry to matrix factorizations by taking into consideration their tensor product. We show that the underlying topological space of the triangular spectrum of

[
M
F
(
R
,
f
)
]

[MF(R,f)]

is the singular locus of the hypersurface by using a support theory developed by M. Walker.
General state-space population dynamics model for Bayesian stock assessment
Authors: Mäntyniemi Samu H. P. , Whitlock Rebecca E. , Perälä Tommi A. , Blomstedt Paul A. , Vanhatalo Jarno P. , Rincón Margarita María , Kuparinen Anna K. , Pulkkinen Henni P. , Kuikka O. Sakari
Published: October 2015

This study presents a state-space modelling framework for the purposes of stock assessment. The stochastic population dynamics build on the notion of correlated survival and capture events among individuals. The correlation is thought to arise as a combination of schooling behaviour, a spatially patchy environment, and common but unobserved environmental factors affecting all the individuals. The population dynamics model isolates the key biological processes, so that they are not condensed into one parameter but are kept separate. This approach is chosen to aid the inclusion of biological knowledge from sources other than the assessment data at hand. The model can be tailored to each case by choosing appropriate models for the biological processes. Uncertainty about the model parameters and about the appropriate model structures is then described using prior distributions. Different combinations of, for example, age, size, phenotype, life stage, species, and spatial location can be used to structure the population. To update the prior knowledge, the model can be fitted to data by defining appropriate observation models. Much like the biological parameters, the observation models must also be tailored to fit each individual case.
Seasonal foraging responses of beavers to sodium-enhanced foods: an experimental assessment with field feeding trials
Authors: Strules Jennifer , DeStefano Stephen
Published: October 2015

Salt drive is a seasonal phenomenon common to several classes of wild herbivores. Coincident with shifts of nutrient quality when plants resume growth in the spring, sodium is secondarily lost as surplus potassium is excreted. The beaver ( Castor canadensis ) is an herbivore whose dietary niche closely follows that of other herbivores that are subject to salt drive, but no published studies to date have assessed the likelihood of its occurrence. To quantify if beavers experience seasonal salt drive, we designed a field experiment to measure the foraging responses of beavers to sodium-enhanced foods. We used sodium-treated (salted) and control (no salt) food items (aspen [ Populus tremuloides ] and pine [ Pinus spp.] sticks) during monthly feeding trials at beaver-occupied wetlands. If conventional ontogeny of salt drive was operant, we expected to observe greater utility of sodium-treated food items by beavers in May and June. Further, if water lilies ( Nymphaea spp. and Nuphar spp.) supply beavers with sodium to meet dietary requirements as is widely speculated, we expected foraging responses to sodium-treated food items at wetlands where water lilies were absent to be greater than at wetlands where water lily was present. Aspen was selected by beavers in significantly greater amounts than pine. There was no difference between the mean percent consumed of salted and control aspen sticks by beavers at lily and non-lily wetlands, and no differences in temporal consumption associated with salted or control pine sticks at either wetland type. Salted pine was consumed in greater amounts than unsalted pine. We propose that the gastrointestinal or renal physiology of beavers may preclude solute loss, thereby preventing salt drive.
A comparison of morphological and molecular diet analyses of predator scats
Authors: Mumma Matthew A. , Adams Jennifer R. , Zieminski Chris , Fuller Todd K. , Mahoney Shane P. , Waits Lisette P.
Published: October 2015

An understanding of a species’ diet is required to make sound conservation and management decisions. Traditionally, morphological analyses of undigested hard parts from food items remaining in scats have been used to assess diets. More recently, molecular analyses of scats have been used to identify plant and prey species’ DNA, but no studies have compared morphological and molecular diet analyses for large, terrestrial carnivores. We used molecular tools to determine the percentage of black bear and coyote scats that contained 3 common prey species (caribou, moose, and snowshoe hares) in Newfoundland and compared the results to a traditional morphological analysis. We found that a ranking of relative prey frequencies was consistent between the 2 methods, but molecular methods tended to detect prey species in a greater percentage of scats for all prey species. However, there were individual scats in which a prey species was detected by morphological methods only, and we provide evidence that molecular methods could result in false negatives if prey DNA is not uniformly distributed throughout a scat or as a result of PCR inconsistency. We also found that the per sample cost comparison between morphological and molecular analyses was dependent upon whether or not a molecular test was needed to identify scats to the predator species, the cost of developing molecular methods, and the number of samples being processed. We recommend that controlled feeding studies be performed to validate molecular methods and investigate the utility of molecular techniques to estimate the proportions of food items consumed.
Areality in Modality and Mood
Authors: Hansen Björn , Ansaldo Umberto
Published: October 2015

This chapter surveys areal features in the range of modality and mood marking in two contact regions, viz. Europe and MSEA (mainland Southeast Asia), in the context of a discussion of general features and properties—language-internal and -external ones—of linguistic areality. It starts out with a general typology of individual borrowing processes affecting modality and mood markers. It then presents some convergence processes and discusses selected areal features of modals and mood markers in the linguistic area of Europe. And, more succinctly, it deals with MSEA, focusing on the case of “acquire-type” modals. The chapter concludes with some further reflections emerging from the discussion of modality and mood markers in Europe and MSEA on the role of language-external factors in the rise of linguistic areas.
Theoretical Perspectives on the Professions
Authors: Suddaby Roy , Muzio Daniel
Published: October 2015

This chapter reviews the development of theoretical approaches to our understanding of Professional Service Firms (PSFS). It does so by drawing a parallel with the broader development of the sociology of the professions. Indeed, the authors argue how the study of professional service firms, like the study of professional occupations before it, is following a trajectory from concerns with structure and function to questions of power and privilege and finally to issues of process and practice. The chapter concludes with a final section that raises questions about prior theories of professions, which have assumed that professions are appropriate objects of theorization in their own right. The authors argue, instead, for an institutional/ecological approach to studying professions, which analyzes professions as but one type of institution struggling for survival in an ecology of other, related, institutional forms.
Structure of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase Q151M mutant: insights into the inhibitor resistance of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and the structure of the nucleotide-binding pocket ofHepatitis B viruspolymerase
Authors: Nakamura Akiyoshi , Tamura Noriko , Yasutake Yoshiaki
Published: October 2015

Hepatitis B viruspolymerase (HBV Pol) is an important target for anti-HBV drug development; however, its low solubility and stabilityin vitrohas hindered detailed structural studies. Certain nucleotide reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NRTIs) such as tenofovir and lamivudine can inhibit both HBV Pol andHuman immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1) RT, leading to speculation on structural and mechanistic analogies between the deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP)-binding sites of these enzymes. The Q151M mutation in HIV-1 RT, located at the dNTP-binding site, confers resistance to various NRTIs, while maintaining sensitivity to tenofovir and lamivudine. The residue corresponding to Gln151 is strictly conserved as a methionine in HBV Pol. Therefore, the structure of the dNTP-binding pocket of the HIV-1 RT Q151M mutant may reflect that of HBV Pol. Here, the crystal structure of HIV-1 RT Q151M, determined at 2.6 Å resolution, in a new crystal form with space groupP321 is presented. Although the structure of HIV-1 RT Q151M superimposes well onto that of HIV-1 RT in a closed conformation, a slight movement of the β-strands (β2–β3) that partially create the dNTP-binding pocket was observed. This movement might be caused by the introduction of the bulky thioether group of Met151. The structure also highlighted the possibility that the hydrogen-bonding network among amino acids and NRTIs is rearranged by the Q151M mutation, leading to a difference in the affinity of NRTIs for HIV-1 RT and HBV Pol.
Phosphate binding in the active centre of tomato multifunctional nuclease TBN1 and analysis of superhelix formation by the enzyme
Authors: Stránský Jan , Koval' Tomáš , Podzimek Tomáš , Týcová Anna , Lipovová Petra , Matoušek Jaroslav , Kolenko Petr , Fejfarová Karla , Dušková Jarmila , Skálová Tereza , Hašek Jindřich , Dohnálek Jan
Published: October 2015

Tomato multifunctional nuclease TBN1 belongs to the type I nuclease family, which plays an important role in apoptotic processes and cell senescence in plants. The newly solved structure of the N211D mutant is reported. Although the main crystal-packing motif (the formation of superhelices) is conserved, the details differ among the known structures. A phosphate ion was localized in the active site of the enzyme. The binding of the surface loop to the active centre is stabilized by the phosphate ion, which correlates with the observed aggregation of TBN1 in phosphate buffer. The conserved binding of the surface loop to the active centre suggests biological relevance of the contact in a regulatory function or in the formation of oligomers.
Crystallization and biochemical characterization of the human spliceosomal Aar2–Prp8RNaseHcomplex
Authors: Santos Karine , Preussner Marco , Heroven Anna Christina , Weber Gert
Published: October 2015

In eukaryotes, the removal of nuclear noncoding sequences (pre-mRNA splicing) is catalyzed by the spliceosome, which consists of five ribonucleoprotein particles (U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6 snRNPs, each with a respective snRNA) and a plethora of protein factors that aid spliceosomal maturation, assembly, activation and disassembly. Recently, the U5 snRNP maturation factor Aar2p from baker's yeast has been characterized structurally and biochemically. Aar2p binds to the RNaseH (RH) and Jab1/MPN domains of the highly conserved U5-specific Prp8p, which forms a framework for the spliceosomal catalytic centre. Thereby, Aar2p sterically excludes Brr2p, a helicase essential for the catalytic activation of the spliceosome, from Prp8p binding. At the same time, Aar2p blocks U4/U6 di-snRNA binding to Prp8p. Aar2p therefore prevents premature spliceosome activation and its functions are regulated by reversible phosphorylation. To date, little is known about the hypothetical human Aar2 (hsAar2) orthologue C20ORF4. This study identifies C20ORF4 (i) as part of the HeLa proteome by Western blotting and (ii) as a true Aar2 orthologue which binds to the RH domain (hsRH) of Prp8 and corroborates an evolutionary link between yeast and human Aar2 function. An elaborate strategy was devised to crystallize hsAar2 in complex with hsRH. The analysis of initial weakly diffracting crystals obtained byin situproteolysis and homology modelling guided the design of an hsAar2 construct in which an internal loop was replaced by three serines (hsAar2Δloop). A complex of hsAar2Δloopand hsRH crystallized in space groupC2; the crystals diffracted to 2.35 Å resolution and were suitable for structure determination by molecular-replacement approaches. The study presented here suggests a connection between Aar2 and the spliceosome in human cells and paves the way for structural studies of human Aar2.
A business model approach to supply chain management
Authors: Trkman Peter , Budler Marko , Groznik Aleš
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to extend the topics from a 2007 paper to stimulate debate on strategic issues vital for the long-term success of supply chains (SCs). The authors upgraded from SC process modelling towards SC business model management; from information to knowledge transfer and from the maturity of SC to dynamic capabilities. The paper attempts to identify and connect the elements of SC business model and the key issues for development of dynamic capabilities to enable future redesign of business models.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper develops two frameworks showing the elements of an SC business model and the interconnection of those elements and dynamic capabilities. The use of these frameworks is demonstrated in a case study of Post of Slovenia. The case uses both primary and secondary data gathered from interviews, publicly accessible articles and internal reports.

Findings

– An SC should develop the elements of its business model in such a way that it will be able to continually change its existing or add a new business model from the AS-IS state to a currently unpredictable “TO-BE” state as a response to currently unknown changes in its business model.

Research limitations/implications

– The selection of the elements in the frameworks is partly arbitrary. A single case study was conducted.

Practical implications

– SCs should not simply focus on improving the maturity/efficiency of current processes but can use the findings to carefully design their current business model and develop dynamic capabilities for future changes.

Originality/value

– This paper summarises and extends the recent literature through the dynamic capabilities approach and business model management and proposes two frameworks and identifies topics relevant for future development of the SCM field.
Significant alteration of soil bacterial communities and organic carbon decomposition by different long‐term fertilization management conditions of extremely low‐productivity arable soil inSouthChina
Authors: Xun Weibing , Zhao Jun , Xue Chao , Zhang Guishan , Ran Wei , Wang Boren , Shen Qirong , Zhang Ruifu
Published: October 2015

Different fertilization managements of red soil, a kind of Ferralic Cambisol, strongly affected the soil properties and associated microbial communities. The association of the soil microbial community and functionality with long‐term fertilization management in the unique low‐productivity red soil ecosystem is important for both soil microbial ecology and agricultural production. Here, 454 pyrosequencing analysis of 16S recombinant ribonucleic acid genes andGeoChip4‐NimbleGen‐based functional gene analysis were used to study the soil bacterial community composition and functional genes involved in soil organic carbon degradation. Long‐term nitrogen‐containing chemical fertilization‐induced soil acidification and fertility decline and significantly altered the soil bacterial community, whereas long‐term organic fertilization and fallow management improved the soil quality and maintained the bacterial diversity. Short‐term quicklime remediation of the acidified soils did not change the bacterial communities. Organic fertilization and fallow management supported eutrophic ecosystems, in which copiotrophic taxa increased in relative abundance and have a higher intensity of labile‐C‐degrading genes. However, long‐term nitrogen‐containing chemical fertilization treatments supported oligotrophic ecosystems, in which oligotrophic taxa increased in relative abundance and have a higher intensity of recalcitrant‐C‐degrading genes but a lower intensity of labile‐C‐degrading genes. Quicklime application increased the relative abundance of copiotrophic taxa and crop production, although these effects were utterly inadequate. This study provides insights into the interaction of soil bacterial communities, soil functionality and long‐term fertilization management in the red soil ecosystem; these insights are important for improving the fertility of unique low‐productivity red soil.
Using Bayesian Imputation to Assess Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Pediatric Performance Measures
Authors: Brown David P. , Knapp Caprice , Baker Kimberly , Kaufmann Meggen
Published: October 2015

Objective

To analyze health care disparities in pediatric quality of care measures and determine the impact of data imputation.

Data Sources

Five HEDIS measures are calculated based on 2012 administrative data for 145,652 children in two public insurance programs in Florida.

Methods

The Bayesian Improved Surname and Geocoding (BISG) imputation method is used to impute missing race and ethnicity data for 42 percent of the sample (61,954 children). Models are estimated with and without the imputed race and ethnicity data.

Principal Findings

Dropping individuals with missing race and ethnicity data biases quality of care measures for minorities downward relative to nonminority children for several measures.

Conclusions

These results provide further support for the importance of appropriately accounting for missing race and ethnicity data through imputation methods.
Kites in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Kennedy David , Banks Rebecca , Dalton Matthew
Published: October 2015

It has become increasingly common in archaeology to utilise virtual globes for regions where few if any aerial photographs are available. Saudi Arabia is one such and it has proved especially useful for identifying and mapping the prolific structures commonly referred to as the ‘Works of the Old Men’, most prominently kites. These are now generally accepted as hunting traps for migratory animals. Although a few were known in Saudi Arabia, the increasing availability of high‐resolution ‘windows’ on virtual globes has revealed them in ever‐larger numbers. Such windows can be exploited to define and map archaeological remains and develop methodologies. One particular region with such potential is Harret Khaybar. Progressive additions of high‐resolution windows for thisharrahave revealed 917 kites. Beyond mere counting, analysis allows the development of typologies and identification of locally distinctive forms—notably the ‘barbed’ form; mapping and the interpretation of patterns in relation to geology, soils, water sources and vegetation; and associations with other ‘works’, with scope for creating at least relative chronologies. The present study provides data and preliminary analysis, and guidance for such a holistic ground‐based archaeological project should the opportunity arise.
Cell Signaling Pathways Involved During Invasion and Syncytialization of Trophoblast Cells
Authors: Gupta Satish Kumar , Malhotra Sudha Saryu , Malik Ankita , Verma Sonam , Chaudhary Piyush
Published: October 2015

Implantation involves an extensive cross talk between the trophoblast cells and the receptive endometrium through embryonic as well as endometrial‐derived factors that regulate the invasion and migration of trophoblast cells and also syncytia formation. Any aberration in this highly regulated process may lead to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, or even pregnancy failure. How various cytokines and growth factors act by activating various cell signaling pathways leading to the expression of the effector molecules have been reviewed, which control invasion and migration of trophoblast cells and syncytialization. The gaps in our current understanding of the various signaling pathways, activated by different cytokines/growth factors, their possible cross talk for optimized effector function(s), and future prospects in this field have been discussed.
Ineffective erythropoiesis and regulation of iron status in iron loading anaemias
Authors: Camaschella Clara , Nai Antonella
Published: October 2015

The definition ‘iron loading anaemias’ encompasses a group of inherited and acquired anaemias characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, low hepcidin levels, excessive iron absorption and secondary iron overload. Non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia is the paradigmatic example of these conditions that include dyserythropoietic and sideroblastic anaemias and some forms of myelodysplasia. Interrupting the vicious cycle between ineffective erythropoiesis and iron overload may be of therapeutic benefit in all these diseases. Induction of iron restriction by means of transferrin infusions, minihepcidins or manipulation of the hepcidin pathway prevents iron overload, redistributes iron from parenchymal cells to macrophage stores and partially controls anaemia in β‐thalassaemic mice. Inhibition of ineffective erythropoiesis by activin ligand traps improves anaemia and iron overload in the same models. Targeting iron loading or ineffective erythropoiesis shows promise in preclinical studies; activin ligand traps are in clinical trials with promising results and may be useful in patients with ineffective erythropoiesis.
Activity of botulinum toxin type A in cranial dura: implications for treatment of migraine and other headaches
Authors: Lacković Zdravko , Filipović Boris , Matak Ivica , Helyes Zsuzsanna
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose

Although botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) is approved for chronic migraine treatment, its mechanism of action is still unknown. Dural neurogenic inflammation (DNI) commonly used to investigate migraine pathophysiology can be evoked by trigeminal pain. Here, we investigated the reactivity of cranial dura to trigeminal pain and the mechanism of BoNT/A action on DNI.

Experimental Approach

Because temporomandibular disorders are highly comorbid with migraine, we employed a rat model of inflammation induced by complete Freund's adjuvant, followed by treatment with BoNT/A injections or sumatriptan p.o. DNI was assessed by Evans blue‐plasma protein extravasation, cell histology and RIA for CGRP. BoNT/A enzymatic activity in dura was assessed by immunohistochemistry for cleaved synaptosomal‐associated protein 25 (SNAP‐25).

Key Results

BoNT/A and sumatriptan reduced the mechanical allodynia and DNI, evoked by complete Freund's adjuvant. BoNT/A prevented inflammatory cell infiltration and inhibited the increase of CGRP levels in dura. After peripheral application, BoNT/A‐cleaved SNAP‐25 colocalized with CGRP in intracranial dural nerve endings. Injection of the axonal transport blocker colchicine into the trigeminal ganglion prevented the formation of cleaved SNAP‐25 in dura.

Conclusions and Implications

Pericranially injected BoNT/A was taken up by local sensory nerve endings, axonally transported to the trigeminal ganglion and transcytosed to dural afferents. Colocalization of cleaved SNAP‐25 and the migraine mediator CGRP in dura suggests that BoNT/A may prevent DNI by suppressing transmission by CGRP. This might explain the effects of BoNT/A in temporomandibular joint inflammation and in migraine and some other headaches.
A Time and Place for Everything: Developmental Differences in the Building Blocks of Episodic Memory
Authors: Lee Joshua K. , Wendelken Carter , Bunge Silvia A. , Ghetti Simona
Published: October 2015

This research investigated whether episodic memory development can be explained by improvements in relational binding processes, involved in forming novel associations between events and the context in which they occurred. Memory for item–space, item–time, and item–item relations was assessed in an ethnically diverse sample of 151 children aged 7–11 years and 28 young adults. Item–space memory reached adult performance by 9½ years, whereas item–time and item–item memory improved into adulthood. In path analysis, item–space, but not item–time best explained item–item memory. Across age groups, relational binding related to source memory and performance on standardized memory assessments. In conclusion, relational binding development depends on relation type, but relational binding overall supports episodic memory development.
Prospective case–control study of efficacy of bilateral selective neck dissection in primary surgical treatment of supraglottic laryngeal cancers with clinically negative cervical findings (N0)
Authors: Djordjevic V. , Bukurov B. , Arsovic N. , Dimitrijevic M. , Jesic S. , Nesic V. , Petrovic Z.
Published: October 2015

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of bilateral selective neck dissection of levels II–IV in elective and therapeutic management of the neck as a part of primary surgical treatment of patients with supraglottic laryngeal cancer and clinically negative cervical findings (N0).

Design

Institutional, observational, case–control study with historic control of patients who underwent primary supraglottic tumour surgery, and a prospective cohort of patient, who underwent, besides the operation of primary tumour, bilateral selective neck dissection (level II–IV).

Setting

University, tertiary level hospital, national referral centre.

Participants

The study included 193 patients with supraglottic cancer and without palpable or ultrasound positive cervical findings who were surgically treated from 1988 to 2005. Besides the operation of primary tumour, all patients in the study group underwent bilateral selective neck dissection (level II–IV). Patients in the control group (N = 51) underwent primary tumour operation only and were followed up regularly. In cases with postoperative regional recurrences, the radical neck dissection was performed. All patients with histopathological confirmation of occult metastases were administered radiotherapy treatment (60 Gy) in the postoperative period.

Main outcome measures

Five‐year overall survival rate.

Results

Occult cervical metastases were found in 18% of patients. They were present in level II in 77.5%, in level III in 20% of cases and in one patient in level IV (2.5%); the extracapsular spread was observed in 20% of cases. Postoperative regional metastases were found in 4.15% of cases in the study group, and in 11.8% in the control group, which proved to be significantly higher. The five‐year overall survival rate showed no significant difference between the study group and the control group.

Conclusion

The incidence of postoperative regional recurrences could be reduced by performing bilateral selective neck dissection simultaneously with primary tumour operation, but with no influence on the survival rate.