bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redescription of five Amazonian species of Ctenus Walckenaer (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae)
Authors: POLOTOW DANIELE , BRESCOVIT ANTONIO D.
Published: April 2019

Five species of Ctenus from the Amazon basin are redescribed: C. delesserti (Caporiacco, 1947), C. falconensis Schenkel,1953, C. nigritus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897, C. serratipes F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 and C. sigma (Schenkel, 1953).Three new synonymies are proposed: Ctenus fulvipes Caporiacco, 1947, C. itatiayaeformis Caporiacco, 1955 and C. scenicusCaporiacco, 1947 with C. serratipes. The female of Ctenus nigritus is described for the first time. The distributional ranges of Ctenus nigritus and C. serratipes are extended. We also present distributional maps of the five redescribed species.
Spiders of the genus Phycosoma O. P.-Cambridge, 1879 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Hainan Island, China
Authors: ZHANG FENG , ZHANG BAO-SHI
Published: April 2019

Nine species of the theridiid spider genus Phycosoma are reported from Hainan Island, China, including two new species:Phycosoma digitula n. sp. (male, female) and P. diaoluo n. sp. (male). P. stellaris (Zhu, 1998) n. comb., P. hana (Zhu,1998) n. comb., P. labialis (Zhu, 1998) n. comb., P. hainanensis (Zhu, 1998) n. comb. and P. sinica (Zhu, 1992) n. comb.are transferred from the genus Dipoena Thorell, 1869. The males of P. stellaris, P. hana and P. labialis are described andillustrated here for the first time. P. amamiense (Yoshida, 1985) is recorded from Hainan Island for the first time; P. martinae (Roberts, 1983) is also included in this paper.
A new species of Plestiodon (Squamata: Scincidae) from Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero, México
Authors: FERIA-ORTIZ MANUEL , GARCÍA-VÁZQUEZ URI OMAR
Published: April 2019

We describe a new species of lizard of the genus Plestiodon from the Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero, Mexico. Plestiodonnietoi sp. nov. shares a characteristic with all members of the P. brevirostris group in that the scale that medially bordersthe postgenial is wider than long. This species is most similar to P. brevirostris and P. indubitus from which it differs byhaving the following combination of characters: large adult size, interparietal enclosed posteriorly by parietals, and a pale lateral line on the neck.
Two new genera, ten new species and new records of Amazonian Stygnidae Simon, 1879 (Opiliones: Laniatores)
Authors: PINTO-DA-ROCHA RICARDO , TOURINHO ANA LÚCIA
Published: April 2019

As a result of recent expeditions to two mountains in the Amazon basin, Tapirapecó and Pico da Neblina, two new genera ofStygnidae, Imeri g. nov. (type species Imeri lomanhungae sp. nov.) and Jime g. nov. (type species Jime chifrudo sp. nov.), andten new species are described: Auranus hehu sp. nov., Auranus tepui sp. nov., Imeri lomanhungae sp. nov.; Jime chifrudo sp.nov.; Stygnoplus ianomami sp. nov.; Stygnus magalhaesi sp. nov.; Stygnoplus neblina sp. nov.; Stygnoplus tapirapeco sp. nov.;Stygnus nogueirai sp. nov., Stygnus kuryi sp. nov.. Additionally, new distributional records in Amazonas (Brazil) are presentedfor Stygnidius guerinii Soerensen, 1932, Minax tetraspinosus Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997 and Protimesius longipalpis (Roewer, 1943). Keys for genera of Heterostygninae and Stygninae are provided.
An assessment of three little-noticed papers on avian nomenclature by G. N. Kashin during 1978–1982
Authors: GREGORY STEVEN M. S. , DICKINSON EDWARD C.
Published: April 2019

Overlooked and unanswered nomenclatural observations from 30 years ago, mostly based on perceived shortcomings in theCheck-list of Birds of the World by J. L. Peters and his successors, are examined. Many are rebutted, a number endorsed and recommended.
Taxonomic notes on Amemboa lyra Paiva and Amemboa riparia Polhemus & Andersen (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae)
Authors: POLHEMUS J. T. , TRAN A. D.
Published: April 2019

Amemboa ripiaria Polhemus & Andersen, 1984 was recognised as junior synonym of Amemboa lyra (Paiva, 1918) byZettel & Chen (1996). After examination of a series of Amemboa specimens from Myanmar, we now determine that thesetwo names are not synonymous and thus re-establish Amemboa riparia. These species can be separated from each other by the structures of the male’s fore leg, and the apical part of the pygophore.
Taxonomic study of the protecta-group in the genus Pagaronia Ball (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Evacanthinae) from Japan
Authors: KAMITANI SATOSHI , HIGUCHI TOSHIYUKI , OKUDERA SHIGERU
Published: April 2019

Seven species, including three new species, of the protecta-group in the genus Pagaronia Ball are recognized from Honshu,Japan. Pagaronia totoumiensis sp. nov., P. dichotoma sp. nov. and P. lanceolata sp. nov. are described from central Honshu.Some intraspecific morphological variations of P. protecta Okada, P. tridens M.Hayashi & Arai and P. spinosa Y.Hori are analyzed. Additional localities for all the described species of this species-group are also given.
Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the
historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 2: Reptiles (Squamata)
Authors: CONRADIE WERNER , BRANCH WILLIAM R. , WATSON GILLIAN
Published: April 2019

The Port Elizabeth Museum herpetology collection contains 407 type specimens, representing 70 primary and 55 secondary squamate types. The type series comprise 93 African taxa (84 lizards and 9 snakes), of which 75 are still regarded as valid. It is the third largest primary reptile type collection in Africa. This is the first catalogue of this important African squamate type collection. It provides the original name, original publication date, journal volume number and pagination, reference to illustrations, current name, museum collection number, type locality, and notes on the status of all types and important additional non-type material mentioned in historical descriptions. Photographs of all primary types, as well as original illustrated material are provided.
The female of Heteragrion icterops Selys, 1862 (Odonata: Heteragrionidae) with comments and key on the Brazilian females of Heteragrion group B
Authors: VILELA DIOGO SILVA , CORDERO-RIVERA ADOLFO , GUILLERMO-FERREIRA RHAINER
Published: April 2019

The female of Heteragrion icterops Selys, 1862, incompletely mentioned in 1886, is described, illustrated, keyed and diagnosed based on specimens collected in Pará State, North Brazil. We also provide an identification key and diagnostic comments on other two Group B females occurring in Brazil: H. angustipenne Selys, 1886 and H. bariai De Marmels, 1989. Heteragrion icterops females can be distinguished from other female congeners by having the genital valves tips leveling the posterior margin of S10 and by the morphology of the intersternites, presenting a well-developed dorsal plate and lacking a posterior plate.
Two new species of comb-clawed beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Alleculinae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: LI ZHAOXU , REN GUODONG
Published: April 2019

Two new alleculine species, Bobina cuspidenta sp. nov. and Loricula unidentata sp. nov., are described and illustrated from Yunnan, China. Keys to the species of the genera Bobina and Loricula are also given.
A new species of Dragomiris Gounelle, 1913 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Torneutini) from Argentina
Authors: ZUBARÁN GASTÓN E.
Published: April 2019

A new species of Dragomiris Gounelle 1913, D. orientalis from Argentina, is described and illustrated. An identification key to males of the three known species of Dragomiris is given and all relevant taxonomic structures are discussed. Comments on geographic distribution and hostplants for all species are also provided.
Seasonal Changes in Water and Energy Balances over the Appalachian Region and Beyond throughout the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Fernandez Rodrigo , Zegre Nicolas
Published: April 2019

The Appalachian Mountains serve as a water source for important population centers in the eastern and midwestern United States. Despite this, the effects of climate change on the hydroclimatology of the region have not been thoroughly assessed, and its effects for water resources remain uncertain. In this study, we analyze the effects of climate change in a holistic approach to consider differential changes between atmospheric water supply (precipitation) and atmospheric water demand (potential evapotranspiration). We analyze the absolute and relative changes in both variables, as well as their relation (aridity index) and future projected shifts in their seasonality. Our findings show that precipitation is projected to increase in the northeastern part of the region and decrease in the southwest with a transition zone in the central Appalachians. Potential evapotranspiration increases consistently throughout the twenty-first century at a higher rate than precipitation, increasing the aridity of the region except for some small localized pockets at high elevations. The seasonality of precipitation indicates different shifts across the region related to changes in the dominant synoptic drivers of the region and changes in the seasonal characteristics of the land surface. All changes are exacerbated in the most extreme future climate scenario, highlighting the importance of local to global policies toward a more sustainable water resources development. In addition, we perform a basin-scale assessment on 20 major rivers with headwaters within the “Appalachian Region.” Our basin-scale results enforce the gridded regional results and indicate that, as temperatures continue to increase, lowland areas will rely more heavily on higher-elevation forested headwater catchments for water supply.
Relationships among Intermodel Spread and Biases in Tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures
Authors: Mohino Elsa , Rodríguez-Fonseca Belén , Mechoso C. Roberto , Losada Teresa , Polo Irene
Published: April 2019

State-of-the-art general circulation models show important systematic errors in their simulation of sea surface temperatures (SST), especially in the tropical Atlantic. In this work the spread in the simulation of climatological SST in the tropical Atlantic by 24 CMIP5 models is examined, and its relationship with the mean systematic biases in the region is explored. The modes of intermodel variability are estimated by applying principal component (PC) analysis to the SSTs in the region 70°W–20°E, 20°S–20°N. The intermodel variability is approximately explained by the first three modes. The first mode is related to warmer SSTs in the basin, shows worldwide connections with same-signed loads over most of the tropics, and is connected with lower low cloud cover over the eastern parts of the subtropical oceans. The second mode is restricted to the Atlantic, where it shows negative and positive loads to the north and south of the equator, respectively, and is connected to a too weak Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The third mode is related to the double intertropical convergence zone bias in the Pacific and to an interhemispheric asymmetry in the net radiation at the top of the atmosphere. The structure of the second mode is closer to the mean bias than that of the others in the tropical Atlantic, suggesting that model difficulties with the AMOC contribute to the regional biases.
The Prospects for Enlightened Corporate Leadership
Authors: O’Toole James
Published: April 2019

In his recent book, The Enlightened Capitalists, James O’Toole explores the challenges faced by two centuries of business pioneers who tried to do well by doing good. While many of their firms were financially successful, few of their progressive business practices turned out to be enduring. In light of this mixed historical record, this article explores the future of enlightened business leadership. It critically evaluates six trends that will greatly determine the extent to which corporate executives will introduce virtuous practices in the coming decade, including a new generation of enlightened capitalists, several consortia of socially progressive business leaders, the growth of social entrepreneurship, the emergence of benefit corporations, and changes in investor attitudes.
Pediatric Patient Compliance With Recommendations for Acute Concussion Management
Authors: Root Jeremy M. , McNamara Brittany , Ledda Matt , Madati Ponda J.
Published: April 2019

Emerging evidence supports an active approach for acute pediatric concussion management. The current practices of pediatric emergency providers following acute concussions has not been well studied. We prospectively enrolled 134 pediatric patients with an acute concussion. Providers completed a real-time survey to assess their recommendations for time off from school and sports. Seven to 10 days post-injury, patient compliance with provider recommendations was assessed. Forty-seven (35.1%) providers recommended moderate time off from school. In this cohort (n = 44), 14 (31.8%) patients took more than 2 days off from school. When minimal rest was prescribed (n = 80), 26 (32.5%) patients took more than 2 days off from school, P = .94. One third of our pediatric emergency providers are still recommending moderate time off from school. Regardless of physician prescriptions, patients took a similar amount of time off from school. Our study questions the influence of physician recommendations on management of acute pediatric concussions.
Optimizing ruminant production systems for sustainable intensification, human health, food security and environmental stewardship
Authors: Mlambo Victor , Mnisi Caven M
Published: April 2019

Whereas the contribution of ruminants to human civilization remains unequivocal, there are concerns regarding the unintended negative consequences of rearing these animals for food. These concerns range from the ruminant’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions to negative impacts of its products on the health of consumers. Rearing ruminants for food is thus seen as the root cause of ills such as climate change, species extinction, deforestation, food insecurity, cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer and diabetes. Indeed, critics of ruminant production envision a future where humanity does not have to rely on animal products for food. They are convinced that this would be the panacea to food and nutrition insecurity, environmental pollution and meat-induced nutritional disorders and diseases in humans. The critics seem to be unaware of the wide diversity of ruminant production systems in use as well as the array of benefits that can be derived from these enterprises. For instance, there are large human communities that inhabit climatically hostile areas, which have no food crop production potential. Food and nutrition needs of these communities are largely dependent on nourishment provided by products and income derived from ruminants and other herbivores. The aim of this review article is to interrogate the validity of the concerns around the use of ruminants for food and highlight appropriate strategies and technologies that may be applied to mitigate some of these challenges. We conclude that solutions already exist that have the potential to deliver efficient, environmentally friendly and consumer-conscious ruminant production systems based on high standards of animal welfare. Such sustainable production systems will ensure that ruminants continue to play a crucial role in food and nutrition security of humans as they have done for millennia.
Farmers’ willingness to pay for an environmental certification scheme: Promising evidence for water saving
Authors: Altobelli F , Monteleone A , Cimino O , Dalla Marta A , Orlandini S , Trestini S , Toulios L , Nejedlik P , Vucetic V , Cicia G , Panico T , Cavallo C , D’Urso G , Del Giudice T , Giampietri E
Published: April 2019

In recent years, the certification of environmental sustainability has been adopted by a large number of farms. A wide range of recent literature proved consumers’ preference and willingness to pay (WTP) for certification claiming for reduced environmental impact of food production, whereas the literature on farmers’ preference for a specific scheme design is scant. This study aims at investigating the possibilities of developing an environmental certification (EC) for agricultural products that is more tailored to farmers’ expectations. Data from an original survey among 116 producers from Italy, Croatia, and Greece were used to investigate the most preferred elements of a hypothetical EC for a general agricultural product, by means of a choice experiment. Although differences emerge in relation to the nationality of respondents, the results on average suggest a clear preference and a higher WTP by farmers for a certification that may guarantee an efficient use of water resources. Furthermore, farmers are found to be more inclined toward a public certifying body and the possibility to receive technical assistance for the scheme adoption.
Moral Hazard, Path Dependency and Failing Franchisors: Mitigating Franchisee Risk Through Participation
Authors: Gant Jennifer L L , Buchan Jenny
Published: April 2019

Employment relations are well understood. Business format franchising is a newer and rapidly evolving business expansion formula, also providing employment. This article compares the fates of employees and franchisees in their employer/franchisor insolvency. Whereas employees enjoy protection, franchisees continue to operate in conditions that have been described as Feudal. We identify the inherence of moral hazard, path dependency and optimism bias as reasons for the failure of policies and corporations laws, globally, to adapt to the franchise relationship. This failure comes into sharp focus during a franchisor’s insolvency. We demonstrate that the models of participation available to employees in the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom could be used to inform a re-balancing of the franchisees’ relationship with administrators and liquidators during the insolvency of their franchisor, providing franchisees with rights and restoring their dignity.
Exploring the Effects of Violating the 180-Degree Rule on Film Viewing Preferences
Authors: Kachkovski George V. , Vasilyev Daniil , Kuk Michael , Kingstone Alan , Street Chris N. H.
Published: April 2019

The 180-degree rule is thought to help smooth the change between film shots. When two individuals are speaking to each other, there is an imaginary axis of action running between them. If the camera crosses this axis, it breaks the 180-degree rule. A violation of the 180-degree rule is thought to have negative effects on viewers’ enjoyment of films. The present study investigated this idea. Experiment 1 established that naive participants can detect violations in videos. Experiment 2 tested the putative negative effects of 180-degree rule violations. The results indicated that violations can confuse and disorient viewers. Critically, as revealed by Experiment 3, violations did not alter the viewers’ liking of a video: Viewers were as likely to prefer a video with a 180-degree violation as one without. Collectively, these data shed light on fundamental beliefs regarding the 180-degree rule, which may help inform filming decisions around film enjoyment.
Karl Linn and the Foundations of Community Design: From Progressive Models to the War on Poverty
Authors: Goodman Anna
Published: April 2019

This article focuses on landscape architect Karl Linn’s role in founding the Community Design movement. Acknowledged by his contemporaries as one of the first and most influential community designers, Linn used students to pilot techniques for hands-on, local, and empathetic engagement. Beginning in the early 1960s, the article follows Linn’s first experiment building neighborhood “Commons” in North Philadelphia. In Linn’s conception, Commons were parks and playgrounds that reused materials and incorporated volunteer labor. Initially, Linn felt that the Commons’ primary purpose was to produce positive self-identification within community members and design students. Encounters with Settlement Houses, black social workers, and volunteers challenged his original thinking. As a result, he shifted tactics to focus on work-training programs and the establishment of “process institutions.” Through War on Poverty legislation, workshops, and consultancies, Linn helped translate Progressive Era social work into a new model of advocacy and professional practice.
Sizing of Polyp Illustrations Differs by Endoscopists’ Gender and Improves With a Measurement Reference
Authors: Shamsi Nabiha , Shaukat Aasma , Halperin-Goldstein Sofia , Colton Joshua
Published: April 2019

Colorectal cancer surveillance intervals by colonoscopy are based on the size and number of polyps removed. Evidence suggests endoscopists’ estimation of polyp size is often inaccurate, but the differences by endoscopists’ characteristics have not been reported. This study assesses endoscopists’ accuracy of measuring polyp illustrations, the effect of endoscopists’ characteristics, and the impact of having a measurement reference. Endoscopists in a community-based, gastroenterology practice estimated the size of several illustrations in a booklet. One month later, they estimated the size of illustrations with a provided measurement reference. Accuracy was defined as no difference between estimated and actual value. Endoscopists were accurate in sizing only 15% of the time, with a tendency toward undersizing. Female endoscopists, those with less than 10 years in practice and those with lower adenoma detection rates, were more likely to undersize polyps. Accuracy of measuring the polyp illustrations increased to 50% ( p < .01) with the measurement reference. The improvement in accuracy was seen across endoscopists’ demographic groups. Endoscopists had poor accuracy of measuring polyp illustrations. Almost universally, endoscopists tended to undersize the polyp illustrations. Accuracy improved significantly with the use of a polyp-measuring guide, particularly when considering important surveillance thresholds of 5 and 10 mm.
Dueling discourses, power, and the construction of the recovering addict: When social assistance confronts addiction in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Gazso Amber
Published: April 2019

In this article, I undertake a critical discourse analysis of policy documents and in-depth interviews with seven caseworkers and 28 benefit recipients to explore how two discourses, ‘work first’ and ‘distance from the labour market,’ inform how persons living with addiction access and then experience social assistance in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Drawing in Foucauldian insights on power, I reveal the conceptualisation of benefit recipients’ eligibility for Ontario Works through these two discourses and how this is replete with ideological assumptions and disciplining power relations, constitutive of a subject position of ‘the recovering addict’, and suggestive of social control implications. I argue that the coercion and regulation of benefit recipients’ lives on Ontario Works has not disappeared but transmuted for Torontonians living with addiction, and conclude by considering the governance of this population as biopower.
Is joint physical custody in the best interests of the child? Parent–child relationships and custodial arrangements
Authors: Bastaits Kim , Pasteels Inge
Published: April 2019

When thinking about custodial arrangements after a divorce, there has been a shift from sole custody (mainly by mothers) to joint physical custody after a divorce. In certain countries, joint physical custody has even become the primary, legal custodial arrangement. Joint physical custody, whether implemented in legislation or not, is believed to be in the best interests of the child, as children can shape a postdivorce relationship with both their mother and father. Nevertheless, many studies on joint physical custody focus only on child outcomes. This study aims to investigate (1) whether custodial arrangements matter in addition to the parental divorce for parent–child relationships and (2) whether joint physical custody provides a better framework for parent–child relationships than sole custody arrangements. The study adds to the existing literature by including both the mother–child relationship and the father–child relationship. Moreover, joint physical custody is not only compared to sole maternal custody, but also to sole paternal custody. Using a dyadic subsample of Belgian parents and children from the Divorce in Flanders data set ( N = 623), we compare two indicators of the parent–child relationship (parent–child communication and parenting) for children with married parents, with children in joint physical custody, sole maternal custody, and sole paternal custody. The results indicate that (1) the custodial arrangements after divorce affect parent–child relationships, in addition to the divorce, with regard to both open and problematic father–child communications and the support and control of children by mothers and fathers; and (2) joint physical custody, compared with sole custody (either by the mother or father), provides a better framework to shape a postdivorce parent–child relationship with both parents in terms of open communications and support.
The mediating role of friendship quality in the relationship between anger coping styles and mental health in Chinese adolescents
Authors: Shi Rong , Wang Kenneth T. , Xie Zhongyao , Zhang Ruiping , Liu Chang
Published: April 2019

Increasing research studies and data, mostly focused on Western countries, suggest a dynamic relationship between coping with anger and psychological risk factors among children. Although there are cultural variations in anger coping, little attention has been directed among non-Western children. The present study examined the diverse influence of six anger coping styles on friendship quality and mental health among Chinese adolescents. Six competing anger coping strategies were tested as potential predictor variables: direct anger-out, assertion, social support-seeking, diffusion, avoidance, and rumination. Friendship quality was examined as a potential mediator. Mediation analyses were conducted using path analysis. The results indicated that friendship quality fully mediated the influence of social support-seeking on mental health problems, and partially mediated the influence of assertion on mental health problems. Furthermore, the direct anger-out and rumination coping styles directly and positively predicted mental health problems. These findings partially support the Simple Incidental Model suggesting that the influence of anger coping styles on mental health problems is complex, and friendship quality can mediate this influence. The present study points to a malleable target for prevention and intervention efforts aimed at increasing the favorable impact of anger coping strategies on psychological adjustment during the developmentally critical period of adolescence.
Case Study of Interstate 269 Corridor through Mississippi Focusing on Chemically Stabilized Pavement Layers
Authors: Sullivan W. Griffin , Howard Isaac L.
Published: April 2019

The Mississippi corridor of Interstate 269 (I-269) is located in northwest Mississippi and construction of this corridor encompassed approximately 27 miles of new Interstate. This study documents I-269 as a case study of the chemically stabilized soil pavement layers. The evaluation comprises pre-construction activities (material selection, mixture design, pavement design, contract information), construction activities (processes, specifications, as-built quality), and an assessment of three cement stabilized base sections. Detailed assessment included on-site specimen preparation using the plastic mold compaction device (PM Device), core drilling, and subsequent laboratory testing for density, unconfined compressive strength, and elastic modulus. This project was able to document and quantify density variability within current Proctor and nuclear gauge practices to the point where there was noticeable agency and contractor risk. Variability is known to exist in large construction projects, but quantifiable measurements over a large project, as presented in this paper, are more valuable than general expectations for basing future decisions. This paper provides evidence that a construction quality control program where nuclear gauge and Proctor compaction practices are interconnected with mechanical property measurements taken on specimens fabricated with the PM Device is worth considering for implementation. The PM Device fared well for construction, mixture design, and pavement design activities when benchmarked relative to the density, strength, and modulus of the several dozen cores taken and assessed from I-269.
Left-Turn Spillback Probability Estimation in a Connected Vehicle Environment
Authors: Cao Xiaowei , Jiao Jian , Zhang Yunlong , Wang Xiubin
Published: April 2019

At intersections in which the left-turn bay does not have sufficient length or the left-turn volume is relatively high, left-turn vehicles may spill back and block the adjacent through traffic. This paper aims to develop quantitative measures of the left-turn spillback, and by using the results on spillback probability, develop a suitable signal control strategy. We first develop an improved queue length estimation method for vehicles in the left-turn bay based on Comert and Cetin’s general queue length estimation method with connected vehicles, after which we propose a probabilistic model to measure the left-turn spillback probability at an intersection in a connected environment. The model accuracy is validated with results from microscopic traffic simulation. The effect of bay length is also studied. In the end, a signal control demonstration is presented to show the efficiency of the proposed method in signal control.
A Preliminary Investigation of the Reliability and Validity of the BESS-3 Teacher and Student Forms
Authors: Naser Shereen C. , Dever Bridget V.
Published: April 2019

Universal screening for behavioral and emotional risk is an important part of implementing multi-tiered behavioral supports in schools. The current study adds to our understanding of universal screening by examining teacher and student reports of behavioral and emotional risk. Participants included 73 fourth-grade students and 4 teachers in an urban school in the Midwestern United States. Correlations between the two informants ranged from moderate to large for the overall T-score, internalizing problems, and externalizing/self-regulation problems, but were not significant for personal adjustment/adaptive skills. Furthermore, the Behavioral and Emotional Screening System (BESS) Teacher Form (TF) showed concurrent and predictive validity with academic scores, whereas the BESS Student Form (SF) showed concurrent and predictive validity with measures of school climate. Results of this study indicate that teachers and students may provide unique information regarding student functioning.
The Occupational Structures of Low- and High-Wage Service Sector Establishments
Authors: Forsythe Eliza C.
Published: April 2019

The occupational structure of an establishment provides a description of its production process by detailing the distribution and relative intensity of tasks performed. In this study, the author investigates whether there are substantive differences in the occupational structures of low- and high-wage service sector establishments. The author shows that low-wage establishments organize production to use less labor in professional occupations compared with high-wage establishments operating in the same local labor market and industry. In addition, low-wage establishments employ fewer individuals in information technology occupations, employ fewer managers, and have substantially wider supervisory spans of control. These results indicate that, despite operating in the same narrowly defined labor and product markets, low-wage establishments organize production to less intensively use labor in skilled occupations.
Time-space identification of mechanical impacts and distributed random excitations on plates and membranes
Authors: O'Donoughue Patrick , Robin Olivier , Berry Alain
Published: April 2019

The identification of dynamic loads acting on structures is a key aspect of several engineering domains involving structure-borne sound and vibration problems, stress analysis, or even the study of fatigue-induced structural damages. This work is concerned with the reconstruction of localized transient and distributed random excitations on plates and membranes from their measured vibration response. In previous investigations by the authors, the virtual fields method, an identification approach based on the principle of virtual work, was employed to identify mechanical and acoustic loadings applied to a bending panel. However, vibration data were obtained using scanning laser Doppler vibrometry, which limits the application of the virtual fields method to stationary excitations in both space and frequency. In contrast, the deflectometry technique used here is an optical method that directly provides a full-field measurement of local slopes. With the addition of a high-speed camera, the measurements are resolved in both space and time, enabling the study of nonstationary excitations. Moreover, since the acquisition time is independent of the number of measurement points, high spatial density measurements can be performed in seconds. This paper reviews the principles of the virtual fields method for nonstationary excitations on plates and membranes. The deflectometry technique is then demonstrated and experimental reconstruction results on an aluminum panel are presented for two different load cases: impacting metal marbles (multiple unknown transient excitations) and a diffuse acoustic field excitation. Finally, the identification of acoustic and aerodynamic (turbulent boundary layer) excitations is considered using a membrane as the receiving structure.
Multiphase flow experiment and simulation for cells-on-a-chip devices
Authors: Zhang Meihua , Zheng Amy , Zheng Zhongquan C , Wang Michael Zhuo
Published: April 2019

A microfluidic-based microscale cell-culture device, or a cells-on-a-chip device, provides a well-controlled environment with physiologically realistic factors that emulate the organ-to-organ network of human body. In the microsystem, the in vivo situation can be resembled closely by controlling the chip geometry model, medium flow behavior, medium-to-cell density ratio, and other fluid dynamic parameters. This study is to develop multiphase models to carry out experiments and simulate flow in such devices. A standard soft lithography method is used to build the three-dimensional microfluidic chips. A definitely good qualitative and reasonably good quantitative agreement is obtained between the experimental and simulation results for particle velocity in the microfluidic chip, which validates the numerical simulation method. The cell deposition rate influenced by the flow shear is studied. The influence of gravity, inlet velocity, and cell injection number on cell concentrations are also investigated. Comparisons of different designs of cells-on-a-chip devices are addressed in the study. The physics of flow dynamics and related cell particle motion due to each of the above-mentioned variables are discussed. The results show that the multiphase flow model is promising to be used for simulating cell particle deposition and concentration for the purpose of design of cells-on-a-chip devices.
Trade unionism in Europe: Are the working class still members?
Authors: Jensen Carsten Strøby
Published: April 2019

How far does social class position influence the likelihood that employees will be members of a trade union? I use European Social Survey data to compare trade union membership of ‘working-class’ and ‘middle- and upper class’ employees in different European countries. Although the former dominate the trade unions in absolute numbers in most (but not all) countries, the likelihood that the latter will be members of a trade union is higher in most of the countries analysed.
Fuel management in high mobility groups in Patagonia (Argentina) during the Holocene: Anthracological evidences of the sites Cerro Casa de Piedra 5 and Cerro Casa de Piedra 7
Authors: Caruso Fermé L , Civalero MT
Published: April 2019

Use of fire has been recognized for a long time as a key innovation in the development of human groups, as a multisource technological improvement. Fuel wastes recovered from archeological sites are the direct evidence of the fire use in society economies of the past. In the process of production and use of fire, diverse parameters exist that intervene and influence in its development. In order to obtain data relative to vegetal composition from early to late Holocene and its exploitation by societies characterized by high residential mobility, we carried on an charcoal and wood analysis in archeological sites Cerro Casa de Piedra 7 (10,690 ± 120-3400 BP) and Cerro Casa de Piedra 5 (6780 ± 110-2805 ± 105 BP) (province of Santa Cruz, Argentina). The results obtained evidence a drastic reduction of taxa used as fuel among occupations corresponding to early Holocene and late Holocene. Throughout all the levels we verified the intense use of tree species for combustion, while bushes were also collected but in much lower overall percentages. Nothofagus pumilio is the species with the highest representation. These results allowed to identify acting modes that refer to acquisition strategies of woody material oriented toward on the collection of great caliber wood.
Accountability and ideology: The case of a German university under the Nazi regime
Authors: Detzen Dominic , Hoffmann Sebastian
Published: April 2019

This article studies accountability demands at an educational institution following extreme changes of societal conditions, as observed in Nazi Germany (1933–1945). We refer to the Handelshochschule Leipzig founded as the first free-standing business school in Germany to show how the Nazi doctrine made its way into this university, affecting academics on both the organizational and the individual levels. As political accountability became a dominant governance instrument, most academics submitted to this new accountability regime. They became subjects of accountability, who can only be understood by the norms that were imposed on them. The change in accountability demands created considerable challenges for individuals, and, ex post, it may be impossible to ascertain their moral attitudes and how they attempted to cope with ensuing ethical dilemmas.
The importance of self-awareness: musings of a medical student
Authors: Ouliaris Calina
Published: April 2019

Objective:

Self-awareness is essential for combating burnout, promoting self-care, and wellbeing in health professionals. This article examines modern day roadblocks to developing this skill in medical practice and highlights some simple solutions for consideration.

Conclusion:

The capacity for self-awareness is essential to the modern-day physician seeking a long and fulfilling career. Mindfulness meditation and reflective writing are two simple, proven methods that can be easily implemented into medical training.
Going Online: The Affordances of Online Counseling for Families Affected by Alcohol and Other Drug Issues
Authors: Dilkes-Frayne Ella , Savic Michael , Carter Adrian , Kokanović Renata , Lubman Dan I.
Published: April 2019

Online counseling can overcome barriers families face when accessing support services for issues such as a relative’s alcohol or other drug use. However, little research has explored how online counseling platforms assist family members to improve their well-being and support their relative. We thematically analyzed 90 transcripts of online counseling sessions with family and friends of people who use alcohol, opioids, and amphetamines in Australia between 2015 and 2016. In our analysis, we drew on the concept of affordances to articulate how online platforms afford or constrain potentially therapeutic encounters with families. We found online counseling enabled families to make first contact, relieve distress, plan appropriate action, improve communication, regain direction, and connect with local services. Sessions were constrained by Internet access, web-chat communication, counselors’ focus on referral, and limitations in addressing the wider concerns of families. The findings present opportunities for improving online services for families.
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder: Another name for the Broad Autism Phenotype?
Authors: Flax Judy , Gwin Christine , Wilson Sherri , Fradkin Yuli , Buyske Steve , Brzustowicz Linda
Published: April 2019

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’ (5th ed.) Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder is meant to capture the social elements of communication dysfunction in children who do not meet autism spectrum disorder criteria. It is unclear whether Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder captures these elements without overlapping with Autism Spectrum Disorder or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’ (5th ed.) Language Disorder. Standardized behavioral assessments administered during a family genetics study were used to evaluate the social communication impairment and the restricted interests and repetitive behaviors in persons with autism spectrum disorder, language impairment, or neither. Social communication impairment and restricted interests and repetitive behavior were significantly correlated in all family members regardless of affection status. Rates of social communication impairment and restricted interests and repetitive behavior were highest in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. One-third of family members with language impairment presented with at least mild/moderate levels of social communication impairment (36.6%) and restricted interests and repetitive behavior (43.3%). A subset of unaffected members also presented with mild/moderate levels of social communication impairment (parents = 10.1%, siblings 11.6%) and restricted interests and repetitive behavior (parents = 14.0%, siblings = 22.1%). The majority of child family members with mild/moderate levels of social communication impairment had similar restricted interest and repetitive behavior levels reflecting criteria representing the Broad Autism Phenotype. These data suggest that social pragmatic communication disorder does not capture the profiles of children who have both social communication impairment and restricted interests and repetitive behavior but are in need of clinical services.
Drain or No Drain Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy: The Unsolved Dilemma
Authors: Zaghal A. , Tamim H. , Habib S. , Jaafar R. , Mukherji D. , Khalife M. , Mailhac A. , Faraj W.
Published: April 2019

Background and aims:

There is no consensus regarding the routine placement of intra-abdominal drains after pancreaticoduodenectomy. We aim to determine the effects of intraperitoneal drain placement during pancreaticoduodenectomy on 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Methods:

Patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic tumors were identified from the 2014–2015 American College of Surgeons—National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database. Univariate and multivariate analyses adjusting for known prognostic variables were performed. A subgroup analysis was performed based on the risk for development of postoperative pancreatic leak determined by the pancreatic duct caliber, parenchymal texture, and body mass index.

Results:

A total of 6858 patients with pancreatic tumors who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy were identified in the 2014–2015 American College of Surgeons—National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database dataset. In all, 87.4% of patients had intraperitoneal drains placed. A 30-day mortality rate was higher in the no-drain group (2.9% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.003). Patients in the drain group had a higher incidence of overall morbidity (49.5% vs. 41.2%, P = 0.0008), delayed gastric emptying (18.1% vs. 13.7%, P = 0.004), pancreatic fistulae (19.4% vs. 9.9%, P ⩽ 0.0001), and prolonged length of hospital stay over 10 days (43.7% vs. 34.9%, P < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis based on risk categories revealed a higher 30-day mortality rate in the no-drain group among patients with high-risk features (3.1% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.02). Delayed gastric emptying and pancreatic fistula development remained significantly higher in the drain group only in the high-risk category. Prolonged length of hospital stay and composite morbidity remained higher in the drain group regardless of the risk category.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date that aims at clarifying the pros and cons of the intraperitoneal drain placement during pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic tumors. We showed a higher 30-day mortality rate if drain insertion was omitted during pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with softer pancreatic textures, smaller pancreatic duct caliber, and body mass index over 25. Postoperative 30-day morbidity rate was higher if a drain was inserted regardless of the risk category. Further randomized controlled trials with prospective evaluation of stratification factors for fistula risk are needed to establish a clear recommendation.
Facial feminisation: an overview of the role of the surgeon and orthodontist
Authors: Parker Kate , Naini Farhad B , Gill Daljit S , Altman Keith
Published: April 2019

Facial feminisation surgery (FFS) aims to feminise the face by changing masculine facial features to feminine ones. It is commonly undertaken for transsexual individuals who are transitioning from male to female or for women who wish to further feminise their facial appearance. Assessment and treatment planning by a multidisciplinary team is essential for any patient considering FFS. Orthodontists have an important role within this team as patients may first present to an orthodontist expressing concerns about the appearance of their jaws. Therefore, it is important that orthodontists have a detailed understanding of FFS procedures, to enable good patient communication, thorough patient assessment and onwards referral where required. This article reviews the common FFS procedures, their indications, and the benefits and risks of each procedure and highlights the role of the orthodontist.
Surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment of palatally displaced canines: can we shorten treatment time?
Authors: Parkin Nicola A , Almutairi Saleh , Benson Philip E
Published: April 2019

This review will discuss the influence of various factors on the time taken to orthodontically align a palatally displaced maxillary permanent canine following surgical exposure. Previously unpublished data from a clinical trial, involving participants with unilateral PDC randomly allocated to either a closed or open surgical exposure, will be included to strengthen the debate.
Who adapts better to Brazil: Expatriates from developed or Latin American countries? Revisiting cultural distance
Authors: Felix Bruno , Teixeira Maria Luisa Mendes , Balassiano Moises
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to compare transcultural adaptation for expatriates from Latin American countries with those from developed countries, with the intent of evaluating the premise of a negative association between cultural distance and adaptation for the Brazilian context. A final valid sample of 217 cases was reached. Our results suggest that the theory of cultural distance as a predictor of difficulties in transcultural adaptation cannot be generalized for the Brazilian expatriate host environment context. Participants’ responses show that expatriates originating from developed countries adapt in a more satisfactory manner than Latin American expatriates, even though they are more culturally distant.