bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UV‐Curable Polyester Oligomers Containing Triptycene Segments
Authors: Hammer Theodore J. , Pugh Coleen , Soucek Mark D.
Published: February 2025

A series of UV‐curable polyesters containing triptycene segments were synthesized via the melt polycondensation of 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, triptycene‐1,4‐hydroquinone‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) ether, and various comonomer diols including 1,6‐hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, and 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol. The polyesters were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, gel‐permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. Thin films were prepared by solvent casting and were cured via exposure to UV‐light at elevated temperature. The crosslinked films were subsequently analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, Soxhlet extractions, and tensile tests. Most of the samples that contained a high concentration of the triptycene monomer resulted in brittle materials with relatively high moduli and tensile strengths, but poor extensibilities. However, the 1,6‐hexanediol/1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid polyester with 30 mol% of triptycene‐1,4‐hydroquinone‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) ether exhibited a Tg above room temperature, a relatively high modulus (~1.1 GPa) and tensile strength (~25 MPa), and ductility (144% elongation‐at‐break). These unique properties were attributed to the triptycene monomer, which is capable of threading polymer chains through its V‐shaped cavities to reinforce the polymer network. When these polyesters were formulated into UV‐curable coatings, the coatings displayed excellent impact resistance and substrate adhesion.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing With Simultaneous Echocardiography After Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Khilzi Karys , Piccari Lucilla , Franco Gerard , Rodó‐Pin Anna , Herranz Anna , Blanco Isabel , Paciocco Giuseppe , Volpiano Lorenzo , Gonzalez Garcia Jose , Diez‐Llaneza Ana , Molina Lluis , Rodríguez Chiaradía Diego A.
Published: February 2025

Although current guidelines recommend standard cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to evaluate symptomatic patients after pulmonary embolism (PE), CPET with simultaneous echocardiography could provide relevant information to evaluate right ventricular–pulmonary arterial coupling. The aim of this study was to investigate exercise‐induced changes in echocardiographic variables of RV function or RV– arterial coupling in patients with residual thrombotic defects at 3 months after PE. This retrospective study investigated patients with residual thromboembolic disease on V/Q scintigraphy with persistent symptoms despite adequate anticoagulation after 3 months of acute PE, and resting echocardiography with a low probability of PH. At rest and during exercise, CPET and doppler echocardiography were performed following a standard protocol. Forty‐five patients were included, completing a follow‐up period of at least 24 months. The mean (standard deviation) age was 63 (15) years, and 24 (53%) patients were male. Four patients developed CTEPH after 2 years follow up. Correlation analyses showed that the peak TAPSE was significantly associated with peak workload (r = 0.454, p = 0.003), peak VO2 (r = 0.558, p < 0.001), VE/VECO2 (AT) (r = −0.531, p < 0.001), and oxygen pulse (r = 0.375, p = 0.02). TAPSE/PASP was only slightly associated with peak workload (r = 0.300, p = 0.045). By contrast, the change on TAPSE (from rest to peak) was significantly correlate with peak oxygen uptake (r = 0.491, p = 0.01). Also, reduced VO2 at AT and TAPSE/PASP was seen in patients with CTEPH. CPET with synchronic echocardiography could be a useful tool in early assessment of symptomatic patients with perfusion defects on imaging after 3 months of correctly treated PE.
Spatial Proteomics by Parallel Accumulation‐Serial Fragmentation Supported MALDI MS/MS Imaging: A First Glance Into Multiplexed and Spatial Peptide Identification
Authors: Li Mujia Jenny , Meyer Larissa Chiara , Meier Nadine , Witte Jannik , Maldacker Maximilian , Seredynska Adrianna , Schueler Julia , Schilling Oliver , Föll Melanie Christine
Published: February 2025

Rationale

In spatial proteomics, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging enables rapid and cost‐effective peptide measurements. Yet, in situ peptide identification remains challenging. Therefore, this study aims to integrate the trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS)–based parallel accumulation‐serial fragmentation (PASEF) into MALDI imaging of tryptic peptides to enable multiplexed MS/MS imaging.

Methods

An initial MALDI TIMS MS1 survey measurement was performed, followed by a manual generation of a precursor list containing mass over charge values and ion mobility windows. Inside the dual TIMS system, submitted precursors were trapped, separately eluted by their ion mobility and analyzed in a quadrupole time‐of‐flight device, thereby enabling multiplexed MALDI MS/MS imaging. Finally, precursors were identified by peptide to spectrum matching.

Results

This study presents the first multiplexed MALDI TIMS MS/MS imaging (iprm‐PASEF) of tryptic peptides. Its applicability was showcased on two histomorphologically distinct tissue specimens in a four‐plex and five‐plex setup. Precursors were successfully identified by the search engine MASCOT in one single MALDI imaging experiment for each respective tissue. Peptide identifications were corroborated by liquid–chromatography tandem mass spectrometry experiments and fragment colocalization analyses.

Conclusions

In this study, we present a novel pipeline, based on iprm‐PASEF, that allows the multiplexed and spatial identification of tryptic peptides in MALDI imaging. Hence, it marks a first step towards the integration of MALDI imaging into the emerging field of spatial proteomics.
Insights Into Nitrogen Adsorption and Dinitrogen Dissociation on CnP Clusters: A First‐Principles Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Acharya Tirtha Raj , Pant Nirajan , Lamichhane Prajwal , Adhikari Prabesh , Gautam Sandhya , Kaushik Neha , Jha Vinaya Kumar , Choi Eun Ha , Kaushik Nagendra Kumar
Published: February 2025

This theoretical study employs first‐principles density functional calculations to investigate the adsorption mechanisms of dinitrogen on CnP clusters (n ≤ 3), comparing them with pure carbon clusters under identical conditions. Surprisingly, the adsorption energy of nitrogen on CnP clusters is generally lower than that on pure carbon clusters, which contradicts conventional expectations based solely on carbon. Intriguingly, instances occur where the adsorption energy on CnP clusters exceeds that on pure carbon clusters. Notably, the study reveals that even a pure carbon dimer can completely dissociate dinitrogen, suggesting its potential as a catalyst. Examining various cluster sizes, including dimers, trimers, and tetramers, the research elucidates that how configurations and orientations of adsorbed nitrogen molecules significantly impact adsorption properties. These insights underscore the potential of CnP clusters as the efficient catalysts for breaking the strong triple bond of dinitrogen. This research delivers unexpected findings that contribute significantly to the field of cluster catalysis and offers a novel perspective on nitrogen fixation processes. The observed variations in adsorption energy highlight the intricate interplay between cluster size, nitrogen orientation, and adsorption behavior. Our work advances the fundamental understanding of nitrogen adsorption on CnP clusters, demonstrating their promising role in developing energy‐efficient nitrogen fixation processes.
Machine Learning‐Integrated Numerical Simulation for Predicting Photothermal Conversion Performance of Metallic Nanofluids
Authors: Jia Pengpeng , Cao Chaoyu , Lu Xueting , Wei Yi , Du Jinpei , Xu Feng , Feng Shangsheng , You Minli
Published: February 2025

Photothermal conversion in metallic nanofluids, driven by localized surface plasmon resonances, is essential for applications in biomedicine, such as cancer treatment and biosensing. However, accurately predicting photothermal conversion performance, particularly the spatial temperature distribution, remains challenging due to the complex interplay of nanoparticle properties. Existing experimental methods are labor‐intensive and often insufficient in providing detailed thermal profiles. Here, a novel approach that integrates machine learning is presented with numerical simulations to predict the photothermal conversion efficiency and spatial temperature distribution in gold nanorod nanofluid. The method employs Discrete Dipole Approximation for optical property calculations, Monte Carlo simulations for light transport, and finite element methods for temperature distribution modeling. The machine learning model, trained on 1,024 cases of photothermal conversion efficiency and 2,016 cases of temperature fields, achieves rapid and accurate predictions with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.972) to simulation results. This approach not only streamlines the prediction process but also provides an accessible tool for optimizing nanoparticle design, with significant implications for advancing biomedicine, energy, and sensor technologies.
Mobile Botnet Attacks Detection Using Supervised Learning Algorithms
Authors: Mohammadi Hassan , Hosseini Soodeh
Published: February 2025

In today's era of increased smart device usage, the prevalence of malicious attacks targeting mobile devices has risen significantly. Malware developers aim to infect as many mobile devices as possible, capitalizing on the vulnerabilities present in different operating systems that often host sensitive programs such as educational and banking applications. To combat this issue, this article introduces a mobile botnet detection system that leverages machine learning algorithms such as random forest, k‐nearest neighbor, logistic regression, and decision trees. Additionally, the system incorporates the use of the golden ratio evolutionary algorithm for dimension reduction and feature selection. The proposed method's performance is evaluated using detection accuracy, Precision, F1 Score, and Recall as evaluation criteria on NSL‐KDD, Drebin, and ISCX datasets. The results are compared with evaluation values obtained without applying the golden ratio feature selection algorithm and once again with the proposed method. The findings demonstrate that the proposed method, particularly when combined with the random forest algorithm, achieves the highest accuracy in the desired dataset. Moreover, the decision tree and k‐nearest neighbor algorithms also exhibit superior detection accuracy within the proposed method's framework. By utilizing the proposed method, the training time is reduced through feature selection, enabling swift mobile botnet identification.
Push‐out tests on steel sections encased in steel fibre reinforced concrete
Authors: Zanon Riccardo , Schäfer Markus , Paoletti Maxence , Ruiz Gonzalo , de la Rosa Ángel , Wolf Sebastien
Published: February 2025

The configuration object of this study is a steel H‐shaped profile encased in reinforced concrete where the shear connection is obtained by rebars passing through holes in the web of the steel profile. This configuration is common for different structural typologies such as filler beam decks, slim‐floor beams, H‐pile head, or beam‐end anchorages. Experimental push‐out tests were performed at the University of Luxembourg with the objective to investigate the impact of using steel fibre reinforced concrete as an addition to the traditional bar reinforcement. The geometrical configuration was representative of the intended final application as filler beam deck and three specimens were casted with normal concrete and three specimens with steel fibre concrete. The main contributors of the shear connection resistance are surface friction at lower load levels and the reinforced concrete dowels through the web holes for higher load levels. Though a robust rebar reinforcement was foreseen, results showed a considerable enhancement of the structural performance thanks to the presence of steel fibres even for a moderate volumetric ratio. The enhanced tensile properties highly contribute to the shear resistance of the concrete matrix, ensuring higher resistance levels before the activation of shear failure surfaces. Steel fibres also confer a higher ductility to the concrete matrix particularly useful at steel‐concrete contact interfaces where high local pressures take place.
An End‐to‐End Pillar Feature Based Neural Network Improved by Attention Modules for Object Detection of Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Bin , Ren Congzhi , Lim Hun‐ok
Published: February 2025

The development of 3D object detectors for dealing with 3D point clouds generated by LiDAR sensors is facing a significant challenge in real‐world autonomous driving scenarios. Current research mainly focuses on Voxel‐based detectors, which use sparse convolution for training and inference. These models often require substantial computational resources for training, making them hard to be applied to real autonomous vehicles. Among these models, two models called PointPillars and CenterPoint (pillar‐version) are noticed since they are based on 2D Pillar encoding, making the inferencing process fast. However, in comparison to other models, they exhibit relatively lower detection accuracy performances. In this paper, to enhance the detection accuracy of Pillar encoding models without significantly increasing computational complexity, attention modules added within the Pillar encoder are proposed. These modules adopt the attention mechanism while reducing input dimensions. Simultaneously, the attention modules are also added to the CNN backbone network to increase the detection accuracy. The inference time increases from 16 to 17 ms, compared with the fastest PointPillar model. The effectiveness of the proposed network is proven by experiments. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Leveraging historical trials to predict Fusarium head blight resistance in spring wheat breeding programs
Authors: Brault Charlotte , Conley Emily J. , Green Andrew J. , Glover Karl D. , Cook Jason P. , Gill Harsimardeep S. , Read Andrew C. , Fiedler Jason D. , Anderson James A.
Published: February 2025

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease posing a major threat to wheat production. Plant breeding that leverages genotyping is an effective method to improve the genetic resistance of cultivars. Started in 1995, the uniform regional scab nursery (URSN) consists of germplasm from several public breeding programs in the Northern US region. Its main objective is to showcase new sources of resistance and enable germplasm exchange among the cooperators; however, the data from the URSN have not been studied. Phenotypic and genotypic data from this nursery were gathered, as well as from two current breeding programs in the US Midwest. Genomic prediction on eight traits related to FHB and agronomic traits was applied, and the effects of statistical method, marker density, training set size, genetic structure, and genetic architecture of the trait were studied. Using the URSN population, reproducing kernel Hilbert space was the best method in various prediction settings, with an average accuracy of 0.63, marker density could be as low as 500 without decreasing the prediction accuracy, and training set optimization was useful for two traits. Furthermore, genotypic values were predicted in breeding programs using the URSN population as a training set with various prediction scenarios. Predicting unrelated populations led to a significant decrease in accuracy but with encouraging values for some traits and populations. Ultimately, when progressively decreasing the number of lines from breeding populations in the training set, the advantage of adding the URSN population was more pronounced, with an increase in accuracy up to 0.19.
Assessment of Biosecurity in Poultry Farms in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Alok , Devkota Sachin , Jethara Sher Bahadur , Yadav Rakesh Kumar , Phuyal Parshuram
Published: February 2025

The occurrence of poultry disease is one of the major problems for poultry farmers. Proper implementation of biosecurity practices leads to a reduction in entry, occurrence and spread of pathogens on farms, that have negative consequences for animal health, human health and economy. The goal of the study was to assess biosecurity measures implemented by broiler and layer farmers in Chitwan, Nepal. A total of 400 poultry farmers were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The mean conceptual, structural and operational biosecurity scores obtained by the farms were 4.7 ± 1.2, 11.6 ± 2.7 and 17.1 ± 4.1, respectively. The average biosecurity score recorded was 33.4 ± 6.7. The lowest score obtained by a farm was 7, whereas the highest score obtained was 47. It was found that out of 400 farms, 44.2% (177/400) maintained a satisfactory level of biosecurity, while the remaining 223 (55.8%) exhibited an unsatisfactory level. The chi‐square test revealed that the main occupation (χ2 = 31.832, p < 0.001), experience in poultry farming (χ2 = 13.618, p < 0.001), attending poultry farming training (χ2 = 23.107, p < 0.001), biosecurity training (χ2 = 15.331, p = 0.002), farm capacity (χ2 = 41.794, p < 0.001), farm type (χ2 = 25.002, p < 0.001), flooring system (χ2 = 35.906, p < 0.001) and presence of workers in the farm (χ2 = 44.024, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the biosecurity level in poultry farms. This study reveals that there is much space for improvement in the adoption of biosecurity measures by poultry farms. Future training programs for poultry farmers should focus on providing knowledge on the proper implementation of biosecurity measures as a strategy for disease prevention and control.
Prominence and Erasure of African Languages in Higher Education
Authors: Gibson Hannah , Lück Jacqueline , Riedel Kristina , Namboodiripad Savithry
Published: February 2025

This chapter examines issues related to how prominent African languages are in higher education, drawing on the broader discourses as well as the views and experiences of our survey respondents. The questions we explore in this chapter relate to the ways in which African languages are—or are not—embedded into different educational spaces and contexts, including beyond language and linguistics classes, for example in history, sociology and economics courses. It also explores whether certain African languages are more widely taught or used to exemplify specific points or topics, and whether there are specific sub-disciplines which make more widespread use of African languages than others.
Canonical differential equations beyond genus one
Authors: Duhr Claude , Porkert Franziska , Stawinski Sven F.
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We discuss for the first time canonical differential equations for hyperelliptic Feynman integrals. We study hyperelliptic Lauricella functions that include in particular the maximal cut of the two-loop non-planar double box, which is known to involve a hyperlliptic curve of genus two. We consider specifically three- and four-parameter Lauricella functions, each associated to a hyperelliptic curve of genus two, and construct their canonical differential equations. Whilst core steps of this construction rely on existing methods — that we show to be applicable in the higher-genus case — we use new ideas on the structure of the twisted cohomology intersection matrix associated to the integral family in canonical form to obtain a better understanding of the appearing new functions. We further observe the appearance of Siegel modular forms in the ε-factorized differential equation matrix, nicely generalizing similar observations from the elliptic case.
Coulomb corrections for coherent neutrino nucleus scattering
Authors: Plestid Ryan
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In this work we consider sub-leading O(Z
2
α
3) corrections to coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering (CEvNS). These corrections are not negligible by power counting since nuclei with large coherent cross sections have sizeable nuclear charges e.g. Zα ∼ 0.4. We find that the corrections are much smaller than naive power counting in Zα would suggest and that Coulomb corrections do not substantially alter predictions for CEvNS in the Standard Model. We comment on similarities to older literature on mesonic and muonic atoms.
$$ \mathfrak{hs} $$-extended gravity from the IKKT matrix model
Authors: Manta Alessandro , Steinacker Harold C. , Tran Tung
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We elaborate further on the one-loop effective action of the IKKT model on 3 + 1 dimensional covariant quantum spacetime in the presence of fuzzy extra dimensions. In particular, we describe the one-loop effective action in terms of a remarkable SO(1, 9) character, which allows to evaluate the pertinent traces over the internal modes explicitly. This also allows to estimate the higher-order contributions (in the internal flux

$$ {\mathcal{F}}_{\textrm{IJ}} $$

F
IJ

) to the one-loop effective action in a systematic way. We show that all higher-order contributions are generally suppressed and UV finite, which justifies the previous treatment of the induced gravitational action. We also obtain explicit expressions for the effective Newton constant, and determine the dynamics of the Kaluza-Klein scale

$$ {\Delta }_{\mathcal{K}} $$

∆
K

of the fuzzy extra dimensions

$$ \mathcal{K} $$

K

.
Control of interpass temperature and arc oscillation for improved mechanical properties and geometrical uniformity in Ti6Al4V alloy deposition using wire arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Carvalho Gustavo H. S. F. L. , Campatelli Gianni
Published: February 2025

The present work proposes the control of the interpass temperature and the use of arc oscillation of Ti6Al4V (grade 5) alloy in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) depositions to predict and control mechanical properties and geometric uniformity. The results showed that by controlling the interpass temperature and using arc oscillation, satisfactory titanium depositions can be obtained without a closed chamber or the need for heat treatment. Monitoring the interpass temperature allows control of the mechanical properties and geometrical uniformity. However, no significant benefit in terms of mechanical properties or geometric uniformity was found by maintaining the interpass temperature below 120°C under the studied conditions. Using arc oscillation reduced the formation of columnar grains growing across the layers, decreasing the growth of prior-β grains in the vertical building direction. The interpass temperature control between 120°C and 400°C presented the most interesting results for the conditions studied, considering the trade-off between properties and productivity.
Crystallization of $$\hbox {C}^*$$-Algebras
Authors: Laca Marcelo , Neshveyev Sergey , Yamashita Makoto
Published: February 2025

Given a

$$\hbox {C}^*$$

C
∗

-algebra A with an almost periodic time evolution

$$\sigma $$

σ

, we define a new

$$\hbox {C}^*$$

C
∗

-algebra

$$A_c$$

A
c

, which we call the crystal of 

$$(A,\sigma )$$

(
A
,
σ
)

, that represents the zero temperature limit of 

$$(A, \sigma )$$

(
A
,
σ
)

. We prove that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the ground states of

$$(A,\sigma )$$

(
A
,
σ
)

and the states on

$$A_c$$

A
c

, justifying the name. In order to investigate further the relation between low temperature equilibrium states on A and traces on

$$A_c$$

A
c

, we define a Fock module

$$\mathcal {F}$$

F

over the crystal and construct a vacuum representation of A on

$$\mathcal {F}$$

F

. This allows us to show, under relatively mild assumptions, that for sufficiently large inverse temperatures

$$\beta $$

β

the

$$\sigma $$

σ

-

$$\hbox {KMS}_\beta $$

KMS
β

-states on A are induced from traces on

$$A_c$$

A
c

by means of the Fock module. In the second part, we compare the K-theoretic structures of A and

$$A_c$$

A
c

. Previous work by various authors suggests that they have (rationally) isomorphic K-groups. We analyze this phenomenon in detail, confirming it under favorable conditions, but showing that, in general, there is apparently no easy way to relate these groups. As examples, we discuss in particular Exel’s results on semi-saturated circle actions, and recent results of Miller on the K-theory of inverse semigroup

$$\hbox {C}^*$$

C
∗

-algebras. In relation to the latter, we introduce the notion of a scale N on an inverse semigroup I and define a new inverse semigroup 

$$I_c$$

I
c

, which we call the crystal of (I, N).
Expansion of induced pluripotent stem cells under consideration of bioengineering aspects: part 1
Authors: Schneider Samuel Lukas , Teale Misha Alexander , Seidel Stefan , Krasenbrink Jürgen , Poggel Martin , Eibl Dieter , Sousa Marcos F. Q. , Eibl Regine
Published: February 2025

To fully utilize the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for allogeneic stem cell–based therapies, efficient and scalable expansion procedures must be developed. For other adherent human cell types, the combination of microcarriers (MCs) and stirred tank bioreactors has been shown to meet these demands. In this study, a hiPSC quasi-perfusion expansion procedure based on MCs was developed at 100-mL scale in spinner flasks. Process development began by assessing various medium exchange strategies and MC coatings, indicating that the hiPSCs tolerated the gradual exchange of medium well when cultivated on Synthemax II–coated MCs. This procedure was therefore scaled-up to the 1.3-L Eppendorf BioBLU 1c stirred tank bioreactor by applying the lower limit of Zwietering’s suspension criterion (

$${N}_{s1u}$$

N

s
1
u

), thereby demonstrating proof-of-concept when used in combination with hiPSCs for the first time. To better understand the bioreactor and its bioengineering characteristics, computational fluid dynamics and bioengineering investigations were performed prior to hiPSC cultivation. In this manner, improved process understanding allowed an expansion factor of ≈ 26 to be achieved, yielding more than 3 × 109 cells within 5 days. Further quality analyses confirmed that the hiPSCs maintained their viability, identity, and differentiation potential throughout cultivation.

Key points

•

$${N}_{s1u}$$

N

s
1
u

 can be used as a scale-up criterion for hiPSC cultivations in MC-operated stirred bioreactors

• Uniform distribution and attachment of cells to the MCs are crucial for efficient expansion

• Perfusion is advantageous and supports the cultivation of hiPSCs
Effects of tafamidis on serial [99mTc]Tc-DPD scintigraphy in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ungericht Maria , Schuetz Thomas , Messner Moritz , Puelacher Christian , Staggl Simon , Zaruba Marc-Michael , Kroiss Alexander Stephan , Bauer Axel , Poelzl Gerhard
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The relevance of repetitive [99mTc]Tc-DPD scintigraphy in wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTRwt-CM) remains unclear. We investigated the impact of tafamidis on cardiac [99mTc]Tc-DPD uptake, clinical, and laboratory markers at 6 and 12 months, and correlated 12 months [99mTc]Tc-DPD uptake regression with survival.

Methods

This single-center study enrolled 39 ATTRwt-CM patients. Upon treatment initiation with tafamidis, patients underwent follow-up [99mTc]Tc-DPD scintigraphy, and clinical and laboratory evaluations at 6 months (n = 6) and 12 months (n = 13), or both (n = 20).

Results

Tafamidis resulted in a significant decline in Perugini score (6 months p = 0.008, 12 months p < 0.001), and (semi-)quantitative [99mTc]Tc-DPD uptake (total cardiac uptake: baseline 816 [522–933] cps, vs. 6 months 634 [502–734] cps, p = 0.003, vs. 12 months 523 [108–754] cps, p = 0.001). Clinical and laboratory improvements were observed (NYHA: 6 months p = 0.007, 12 months p = 0.033; NT-proBNP: baseline 2586 [1271–5561] ng/L, vs. 6 months 2526 [1109–4786] ng/L, p = 0.016, vs. 12 months 2340 [1411–4749] ng/L, p = 0.012). In Kaplan–Meier analysis, a decrease in right ventricular [99mTc]Tc-DPD tracer uptake equal to or greater than the median value at 12 months (-30%) was associated with improved survival (log-rank p = 0.021).

Conclusions

Tafamidis in ATTRwt-CM resulted in significant reductions of cardiac [99mTc]Tc-DPD uptake, NYHA class, and cardiac biomarkers at 6 and 12 months. Regression of right ventricular [99mTc]Tc-DPD uptake at 12 months was associated with improved survival.
Unveiling the potential of copper-61 vs. gallium-68 for SSTR PET imaging
Authors: Fonseca A. I. , Sereno J. , Almeida S. , Ferreira H. , Hrynchak I. , Falcão A. , Alves F. , Gomes C. , Abrunhosa A. J.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

In recent years, copper-61 has attracted considerable attention from both physicists and radiochemists due to its favorable physical decay properties for PET imaging and its ease of production at any cyclotron center producing [18F]FDG. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of 61Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging of NETs, as an alternative to the commonly used gallium-68.

Methods

Copper-61 was produced by irradiation of natural zinc liquid targets, followed by post-processing. In vitro evaluation of 61Cu- and 68Ga-labeled SST analogues was performed in SSTR positive AR42J tumor cells. PET/MRI was carried out in mice bearing AR42J subcutaneous tumors.

Results

High molar activity [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-TATE and [61Cu]Cu-NOTA-TATE were successfully prepared with a radiochemical purity of over 95% and were shown to be stable for at least 6 h after the EOS. Both 61Cu- and 68Ga-labeled SST analogues exhibited high cellular uptake, with residual uptake when blocked with an excessive amount of peptide precursor. [61Cu]Cu-NOTA-TATE showed the highest tumor uptake at 1 h p.i. (13.25 ± 1.86%ID/g) and the tumor-to-non-tumor ratio increased from 1 h to 4 h p.i. At the later time point, tumor visualization improved compared to 1 h p.i. Moreover, preclinical PET/MR images demonstrated that [61Cu]Cu-NOTA-TATE has a more favorable biodistribution and imaging properties than [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-TATE, with the extended PET imaging window providing a clear advantage of [61Cu]Cu-NOTA-TATE over its gallium-68 analogues.

Conclusion

[61Cu]Cu-NOTA-TATE showed similar biodistribution and pharmacokinetics to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE at 1 h p.i., while demonstrating superior imaging characteristics for late PET imaging. These findings demonstrate that [61Cu]Cu-NOTA-TATE holds promising characteristics for improving the detection of NETs with increased translational potential.
Functional apoptosis profiling reveals vulnerabilities in T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Shumilov Evgenii , Mazzeo Paolo , Trautmann Marcel , Levien Lena , Menck Kerstin , Richter Katharina , Markus Katharina , Ries Lena , Haase Detlef , Oberle Elena , Berning Philipp , Hartmann Wolfgang , Ströbel Philipp , Kerkhoff Andrea , Lenz Georg , Wulf Gerald , Koch Raphael
Published: February 2025

T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL) is a rare hematologic neoplasm characterized by clonal expansion of CD3 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes and a highly heterogeneous clinical course. Conventional therapy primarily includes immunosuppressive regimen. However, optimal front-line approaches still need to be defined and refractory disease remains a clinical challenge. Thus, we here aimed to explore functional dependencies of T-LGLL as a basis for personalized therapeutic strategies. We performed functional apoptosis profiling and ex vivo drug treatment in a series of 8 clinically and genetically characterized T-LGLL patients from two German University hospitals. Our series of patients underscored the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of the disease. Genetically, only 2 patients harbored a STAT3 mutation. To identify targetable anti-apoptotic mechanisms, we performed selective functional BH3 profiling on the patients’ CD8 + T-cells harboring the malignant T-LGLL cells versus the same patients’ normal CD4 + T-cells. CD8 + cells in 50% of the patients (4/8) demonstrated a dominant functional dependence on MCL-1 as compared to the same patients’ normal T-cells. Accordingly, CD8 + T-LGLL cells from patients with enhanced MCL1 dependence significantly responded to AZD-5991 ex vivo while no response was observed in the remaining samples lacking enhanced MCL-1 dependence. Across clinically and genetically heterogeneous cases of T-LGLL, functional apoptosis profiling identified patients with CD8 + T-LGLL cells harboring a dominant dependence on MCL-1 as a potential therapeutic target.
Hormone and HER2-receptor status in breast cancer: determination using sonographically guided core needle biopsy and correlation with excision specimen—a German single institution diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Pruss Maximilian , Cieslik Jan-Philipp , Török Janet , Dobrowolski Jerome , Neubacher Melissa , Helbig Martina , Friebe Verena , Häberle Lena , Krawczyk Natalia , Borgmeier Felix , Fehm Tanja , Dietzel Frederic , Mohrmann Svjetlana
Published: February 2025

Background

Sonographically guided core needle biopsy (CNB) is a well-established tool for diagnosing breast lesions. Preoperative estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2-receptor status are essential for a personalized treatment approach.

Objectives

We evaluated the concordance of the hormone- and HER2-receptor status between the CNB and the surgical specimen to determine the accuracy of the CNB as a diagnostic method.

Design

This is a non-interventional retrospective study analyzing breast cancer patients treated at the breast care center of the University Medical Center Duesseldorf between January 2002 and December 2005.

Methods

Patients with paired CNB and surgical specimens and a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer were included. ER, PR, and HER2 status were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Patients with IHC 2+ results were further examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Concordance of receptor status was calculated using specificity, sensitivity, and negative and positive predictive values.

Results

We found a very good agreement between CNB and surgical specimens regarding receptor status. A total of 248 patients were analyzed. Concordance rates in cases of primary surgery for ER, PR, and HER2 were 92.9%, 92.9%, and 93%, respectively. In cases of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the concordance rates for ER, PR, and HER2 were 100%, 87.5%, and 96%, respectively.

Conclusion

CNB demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy compared with surgical specimens regarding ER, PR, and HER2-receptor status. Our findings support the recommendation to use sonographically guided CNB as the initial diagnostic method for guiding tailored treatment plans.
New data on the life cycle of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Travassos, 1914) (Nematoda: Heligmosomidae): development of eggs and larval stages in the intestine of naturally infected Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769)
Authors: Galán-Puchades María Teresa , Gómez-Samblás Mercedes , Trelis María , Osuna Antonio , Bueno-Marí Rubén , Sáez-Durán Sandra , Conn David Bruce , Fuentes Màrius V.
Published: February 2025

Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is an intestinal parasite of rodents with a worldwide distribution. Due to the similarities between its life cycle and that of the human hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus, N. brasiliensis has been widely used as a model in experimental research. We provide new data on the embryonation and hatching processes of N. brasiliensis eggs, not in the soil, but in the large intestine of naturally infected Rattus norvegicus. The parasite was investigated in 109 rats trapped in urban and periurban areas of Valencia, Spain. Rats were preserved at − 20 °C. After thawing, all the rat organs were examined. The contents of the large intestine were analysed by the Midi-Parasep® technique. N. brasiliensis (adult prevalence 69.72%) was identified by morphological and molecular techniques. Parasite eggs were found in 88.16% of the sediments. In addition to unembryonated eggs, eggs in different stages of embryonation were encountered in 67 of the 76 contents (88.16%). Free larval stages (L1 and more developed larvae) were also found in 47 of the 76 (61.84%) sediments studied. Filariform larval stages of N. brasiliensis were also sporadically detected in the lungs of the infected rats. According to our results, the development of eggs and larvae in the intestine of naturally infected rats opens up the possibility of autoinfection in the natural life cycle of N. brasiliensis, which could explain the high burdens of adult stages frequently found in the small intestine of infected rats.
New comparative approach to multi-level thresholding: chaotically initialized adaptive meta-heuristic optimization methods
Authors: Serbet Fatmanur , Kaya Turgay
Published: February 2025

One method aimed at enhancing the performance of meta-heuristic optimization techniques is the incorporation of chaotic systems. Instead of irregular distributions in the search space, chaotic distributions are employed in the initial population of optimization algorithms to improve the efficiency of the search process. This approach enables search agents distributed in a chaotic manner to effectively explore the search space. The initial populations of both the well-established PSO algorithm and the enhanced WSO algorithm, which incorporates advanced search techniques, are distributed in the search space according to the characteristics of Logistic, Chebyshev, Circle, Sine, and Piecewise chaotic maps in this study. The original PSO and WSO algorithms, as well as the resulting chaotically initialized PSO and chaotically initialized WSO algorithms, were tested using 23 benchmark functions. Subsequently, the Otsu method was integrated into the tested optimization algorithms to obtain multi-level thresholding values. These algorithms were applied to five different test images with a manually determined number of thresholds. The results obtained were presented in the study and evaluated using statistical tests.
The nonlinear fast diffusion equation on smooth metric measure spaces: Hamilton-Souplet-Zhang estimates and a Ricci-Perelman super flow
Authors: Taheri Ali , Vahidifar Vahideh
Published: February 2025

This article presents new gradient estimates for positive solutions to the nonlinear fast diffusion equation on smooth metric measure spaces, involving the f-Laplacian. The gradient estimates of interest are of Hamilton-Souplet-Zhang or elliptic type and are established using different methods and techniques. Various implications, notably to parabolic Liouville type results and characterisation of ancient solutions are given. The problem is considered in the general setting where the metric and potential evolve under a super flow involving the Bakry-Émery m-Ricci curvature tensor. The curious interplay between geometry, nonlinearity, and evolution – and their intricate roles in the estimates and the maximum exponent range of fast diffusion – is at the core of the investigation.
Aldh2 and the tumor suppressor Trp53 play important roles in alcohol-induced squamous field cancerization
Authors: Kondo Yuki , Ohashi Shinya , Katada Chikatoshi , Nakai Yukie , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Tamaoki Masashi , Kikuchi Osamu , Yamada Atsushi , Hirohashi Kenshiro , Mitani Yosuke , Kataoka Shigeki , Saito Tomoki , Vu Trang H. Nguyen , Kondo Tomohiro , Uneno Yu , Sunami Tomohiko , Yokoyama Akira , Matsubara Junichi , Matsuda Tomonari , Naganuma Seiji , Oryu Kohei , Flashner Samuel , Shimonosono Masataka , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Muto Manabu
Published: February 2025

Background

Field cancerization defined by multiple development of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in upper aerodigestive tract was explained by excessive alcohol intake. A dysfunctional mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Aldh2) delays the clearance of acetaldehyde, a genotoxic alcohol metabolite, and increases SCC risks. TP53 plays key roles in squamous carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism of alcohol-mediated squamous field cancerization has not been clearly elucidated.

Methods

We developed a novel genetically engineered mouse strain KTPA
–/– (Krt5Cre

ERT2

; Trp53

loxp/loxp

; Aldh2
–/–) featuring Aldh2-loss concurrent with epithelial-specific Trp53 deletion. These mice were given 10%-EtOH, and we evaluated the development of squamous cell carcinogenesis histologically and genetically.

Results

Widespread multifocal rete ridges (RRs), characterized by downward growth of proliferative preneoplastic cells, were found only in Aldh2
+/– and Aldh2
–/– mice with keratin5-specific Trp53 deletion (KTPA
+/–
and KTPA

–/–
mice, respectively), and alcohol drinking apparently increased RR formation rate. SCC occurred only in KTPA

–/–
(Aldh2 loss/TP53 loss) mice with alcohol drinking (15/18: 83%). Total alcohol consumption volume was significantly higher in KTPA

–/–
(Aldh2 loss/TP53 loss) mice with SCCs than those without SCCs. Further, target sequence revealed the occurrence of genetic abnormalities including Trp53 mutations in the esophageal epithelium of Aldh2

–/–
mice with alcohol drinking, suggesting direct mutagenic effects of alcohol drinking to the esophageal epithelium.

Conclusion

This study provides for the first time the evidence that alcohol drinking, Aldh2 dysfunction and Trp53 loss cooperate in squamous field cancerization. Alcohol consumption volume affects the SCCs development, even in the same genotype.
Impacts of Compression on the Ground and Low-Lying Excited Doublet States of Plasma-Embedded Lithium Atom
Authors: Doma Salah , Roston Gamal , Ahmed Mostafa
Published: February 2025

The variational Monte Carlo method is employed to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the compressed ground and excited states of plasma-embedded lithium atom within impenetrable spherical boxes of varying radii. The study focuses on the low-lying excited doublet states 1

$$s^{{2}}$$

s
2

ns, 1

$$s^{{2}}n$$

s
2

n

p, and 1

$$s^{{2}}n$$

s
2

n

d, utilizing plasma potentials such as the screened Coulomb (SCP), exponential cosine screened Coulomb (ECSCP), and Hulthén potentials. Energy eigenvalues are determined using appropriate trial wave functions, which account for electron–electron repulsion and spin parts to adhere to the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Moreover, two factors related to the wave function of the compressed system and ECSCP model are considered. The results reveal an intriguing relative ordering for the lithium atom using the three plasma models, with many of the findings being significant contributions yet to be explored.
Systemic risk factors contributing to sialolithiasis: a big-data retrospective analysis
Authors: Jonas Ehud , Gillman Leon , Masri Daya , Rosenfeld Eli , Chaushu Gavriel , Avishai Gal
Published: February 2025

Aims

To investigate systemic risk factors contributing to the formation of sialolithiasis.

Methods

A retrospective big-data cohort study was conducted using data from Clalit HMO in Israel. Sialolithiasis patients were identified based on ICD-10 codes and matched with controls. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between systemic conditions and sialolithiasis. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

5100 sialolithiasis cases were collected. The statistical analysis revealed that hypertension (OR = 1.14, 1.08–1.24, p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (OR = 1.33, 1.27–1.41, p < 0.001), nephrolithiasis (OR = 1.55, 1.42–1.63, p < 0.001) and cholelithiasis (OR = 1.22, 1.16–1.27, p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with sialolithiasis.

Conclusions

Systemic diseases, particularly dyslipidemia, play a role in the development of sialolithiasis. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms linking these conditions and to develop targeted strategies for the prevention of sialolithiasis.

Clinical relevance

This study highlights the potential interplay between systemic conditions and sialolithiasis. Recognizing these associations can inform clinical practice in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease, risk assessment, early diagnosis, and preventive measures.
Piano level laser therapy versus epidermal growth factor injection for painful myogenic temporomandibular disorder (a randomized clinical trial)
Authors: Qataya Passant Osama , Zaki Azza Mohamed , Amin Fatma , Swedan Ahmed , Elkafrawy Hagar
Published: February 2025

Objective

The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of Piano level laser therapy using Nd-YAG laser and intramuscular EGF injection in pain alleviation, function, and quality of life improvement in patients suffering from myogenic TMD.

Materials and methods

A randomized clinical trial was performed on 29 patients suffering from chronic painful myogenic TMD based on diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders. Group I (n = 13patients) was treated using 1064 nm Nd-YAG Laser (4 sessions once/week). Group II (n = 14 patients) was treated by intramuscular injection of EGF. Pain using numerical rating score, pain free opening and unassisted maximum opening were measured at baseline, 7,14,21 days, 1 and 3 months. Quality of life using OHIP-14 was assessed at baseline, 1 and 3 months.

Results

Results showed that there was a significant pain reduction (P < 0.000) and increase in pain free opening (P < 0.0001) in both test groups. However, only group I showed a significant increase in maximum opening (P = 0.007). Quality of life significantly improved in both groups (P = 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the two treatments in pain scores, pain free opening, maximum opening nor quality of life.

Conclusion

Both treatment modalities offered effective and cost-effective non- to minimally invasive treatment options for myogenic TMD with no side effects.

Clinical relevance

Myogenic TMD forms a public health issue and is a common musculoskeletal problem causing pain and disability. The proposal of effective, non-invasive, and affordable treatment options can help solve this issue.
How bumblebees manage conflicting information seen on arrival and departure from flowers
Authors: Guiraud Marie-Geneviève , MaBouDi HaDi , Woodgate Joe , Bates Olivia K. , Rodriguez Oscar Ramos , Gallo Vince , Barron Andrew B.
Published: February 2025

Bees are flexible and adaptive learners, capable of learning stimuli seen on arrival and at departure from flowers where they have fed. This gives bees the potential to learn all information associated with a feeding event, but it also presents the challenge of managing information that is irrelevant, inconsistent, or conflicting. Here, we examined how presenting bumblebees with conflicting visual information before and after feeding influenced their learning rate and what they learned. Bees were trained to feeder stations mounted in front of a computer monitor. Visual stimuli were displayed behind each feeder station on the monitor. Positively reinforced stimuli (CS +) marked feeders offering sucrose solution. Negatively reinforced stimuli (CS−) marked feeders offering quinine solution. While alighted at the feeder station the stimuli were likely not visible to the bee. The “constant stimulus” training group saw the same stimulus throughout. For the “switched stimulus” training group, the CS + changed to the CS− during feeding. Learning was slower in the “switched stimulus” training group compared to the constant stimulus” group, but the training groups did not differ in their learning performance or the extent to which they generalised their learning. The information conflict in the “switched stimulus” group did not interfere with what had been learned. Differences between the “switched” and “constant stimulus” groups were greater for bees trained on a horizontal CS + than a vertical CS + suggesting bees differ in their processing of vertically and horizontally oriented stimuli. We discuss how bumblebees might resolve this type of information conflict so effectively, drawing on the known neurobiology of their visual learning system.