bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
filosofía como puente disciplinar
Authors: Gonzalez Camila
Published: July 2020

La filosofía ha sido vista como una disciplina alejada de las ciencias exactas, fácticas y alejada de los resultados empíricos. Sin embargo, ella es, en su lugar, un cumulo de experiencias humanas que posibilitan el pensamiento y las disertaciones sobre todos los campos del saber. La filosofía, por ende, dialoga, propone, realiza ejercicios dialecticos y críticos en función de la reflexión y el conocimiento. Este artículo explora las áreas por las que ha atravesado la filosofía como punto de reflexión intrínseco y potente. Más que ubicar funciones, se propone mostrar alternativas a los saberes convencionales que han tenido eco en la filosofía, las humanidades y otras disciplinas.
Epidemiological trend of COVID-19 in Nepal and the importance of social distancing to contain the virus
Authors: Pokhrel Amod K. , Joshi Yadav P. , Bhattarai Sopnil
Published: July 2020

There is limited information on the epidemiology and the effects of mitigation measures on the spread of COVID-19 in Nepal. Using publicly available databases, we analyzed the epidemiological trend, the people's movement trends at different intervals across different categories of places and evaluated implications of social mobility on COVID-19. We also estimated the epidemic peak. As of June 9, 2020, Provinces 2 and 5 have most of the cases. People between 15 and 54 years are vulnerable to becoming infected, and more males than females are affected. The cases are growing exponentially. The growth rate of 0.13 and >1 reproduction numbers (R0) over time (median: 1.48; minimum: 0.58, and maximum: 3.71) confirms this trend. The case doubling time is five days. Google's community mobility data suggest that people strictly followed social distancing measures for one month after the lockdown. By around the 4th week of April, the individual's movement started rising, and social contacts increased. The number of cases peaked on May 12, with 83 confirmed cases in one day. The Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model suggests that the epidemic will peak approximately on day 41 (July 21, 2020), and start to plateau after day 80. To contain the spread of the virus, people should maintain social distancing. The Government needs to continue active surveillance, more PCR-based testing, case detection, contact tracing, isolation, and quarantine. The Government should also provide financial support and safety-nets to the citizen to limit the impact of COVID-19.
Tracking and time series scenario of coronavirus: Nepal case
Authors: Shrestha Purna Man , Tha Rupesh , Neupane Dinesh , Adhikari Kamal , Bhuju Dinesh Raj
Published: July 2020

The pandemic COVID-19 caused by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious disease that has created an unprecedented global challenge affecting all the countries including Nepal. In Nepal, the first case of COVID-19 was reported on 24 January, 2020. The number of case increased to 1,798 by June 1, 2020. Most of these cases were recorded in the lowland Tarai districts of the country indicating that the major transmission slipped from the border between Nepal and India. Thousands of Nepali people go to India for work every year. This year, they returned en-masse to Nepal after India declared lockdown. However, the first case of COVID-19 was detected in a student who had returned from China and a few initial cases were from people who had returned from Europe via Middle East using international flights. As of June 1, 2020, the coronavirus has spread to 61 districts (out of 77) of Nepal as those home returning people, mostly the migrant workers made their destinations by roads using public vehicles. Reports are mounting that the infected cases are increasing in the rural mountains gradually. This study aims to prepare time series tracking map of the infection in Nepal. It is based on a total of 71,903 PCR tests that were conducted till June 1, 2020. There is a strong correlation between PCR tests and the identified case; however, the number of tests is much limited to develop a decision support scenario.
Quest for COVID-19 cure: integrating traditional herbal medicines in the modern drug paradigm
Authors: Pandey Prativa , Basnet Angisha , Mali Aatish
Published: July 2020

The world is facing one of the biggest public health tragedies of our time, both in terms of socio-economic loss and death tolls due to the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic. In a frantic race to find treatment for COVID-19, many interventions to discover drugs and vaccines are being expedited. Similarly, traditional herbal medicines are also being explored to find a cure for COVID-19. There are many traditional medicines that have exhibited promising antiviral and immuno-modulating properties against a plethora of infectious diseases like influenza, malaria, tuberculosis, and even COVID-19. Traditional medicine is an integral part of culture and practices in many countries with a vast and rich history of treating diseases. However, scientific research-based drug development approaches and effective regulatory mechanisms, on par with modern medicine, should be implemented to ensure safety, efficacy and overall validity of traditional medicine. Incorporating evidence-based traditional medicines in modern drug development paradigms can help assure affordability, accessibility and acceptability of the treatment approach. Furthermore, it can create pharmacological synergism to tackle drug resistance. Altogether, every country should create a roadmap for modernization and revival of traditional knowledge to improve the health care system and be better prepared for health crises.
COVID-19 Ayurveda treatment protocol of governments of Nepal and India: a review and perspective
Authors: Pandit Ram Deo , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: July 2020

SARS-CoV-2 originated in Wuhan city of China in Dec 2019, was named COVID-19 and declared pandemic by WHO. Conventional system of medicine is seen proving ineffective in its treatment. The first case of COVID-19 was confirmed on 23rd January 2020 in Nepal and on 30th January 2020 in India. SARS, MERS and COVID-19 in China were effectively managed through Traditional System of Medicine (TSM). Glycyrrhizin like active component of medicinal herbs potentially inhibit virus replication and bear antiviral property. Government of Nepal and India released a treatment protocol for COVID-19. Protocols have taken COVID-19 on the basis of Dosha, Dhatu, Mala, etc. The symptoms of COVID-19 resemble Kapha-Vata-Samasargaj-Jawara with Pitta association (i.e. Sannipataj-Jawara). For foreign etiology of COVID-19 Ayurveda considers it Rakshayadi-Prakopa-Janya-Janapado-udhamsha and deployed management accordingly. Good immunity is important factor for arresting or preventing the disease, which can be achieved by regular administration of Rasayanas. The physician should not treat any COVID-19 infected patient without safety precautions or without informing the local authorities. Clinical researches on individual and poly herbal drugs in the protocol should be taken into series of clinical trials to test its effectiveness against COVID-19 and discover the pharmacology and prove its effectiveness and establish it among global scientific community.
Current scenario of COVID-19 pandemics in the top ten worst-affected countries based on total cases, recovery, and death cases
Authors: Regmi Sagar , Malla Komal Prasad , Adhikari Rameshwar
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and first detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019 and spread across China and abroad. On 11th March 2020, WHO officially declared pandemic on for COVID-19. This review presents transmission mode of the COVID-19 in terms of case, death, and analysis of active cases in top ten worst affected countries. The data presented in the paper is taken from Worldometer which collects its statistical data from various reliable sources including United Nations (UN), World Health Organization (WHO) and others. Furthermore, the review presents the data analysis of recovery cases in the top 10 worst affected countries as of 24th May 2020. Such simple analysis of recovery case from COVID-19 will be helpful for the government to make its plan and policy.
Contextual learning: rethinking education for Nepal in the wake of COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Chapagain Neel Kamal , Neupane Usha
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 lockdown revealed – among other aspects, shortcomings in educational thinking and processes in countries like Nepal. Apart from the surge in exploring online teaching and learning opportunities, this crisis also paved way for rethinking the prevalent education system. As with a 2016 report from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, this inclination towards new avenues of educational tools provides a context to rethink education because technology alone cannot enable education. Fundamentally educational processes need to respond to specific contexts by anchoring itself to the context. Drawing upon alternative models of education, this paper suggests a contextual approach to learning with collaborative process and learner-centric pedagogy. The suggestion is based on the authors’ observations and experience in early education in general, but reflecting on the family experience of relevance of ‘contextual education’ approach in the times of COVID-19 crisis in particular. The contextual learning situates a learner – with a sense of freedom and responsibility, as the core driver of education, while other stakeholders (parents or teachers) facilitate the learning process by adapting to the interests and initiatives of the learner. This calls for a shift in our thinking about education – what it is, and what it should achieve, as well as democratizing and decentralizing the educational processes.
Waste management scheme and way forward for during and post COVID-19
Authors: Dhakal Rabindra Prasad
Published: July 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 or/andCOVID-19 may have contaminated the wastes, which need especial precaution as suggested by WHO guidelines. WHO also suggested that no cases have been reported of infection from the waste workers working on infected wastes so far. However, in case of Nepal, 50% wastes used to be collected at the time 2011, which seems significantly improving as high as 81% in sampled areas. In COVID period, the concern was raised on safety issues of waste workers as suggested by RDT positive, hence, the public perception of waste management, the scope of recycling of wastes and up streaming of waste materials as economical commodities with proper intervention of technologies, awareness and behavior is incorporated in this study. It is estimated that the total Plastic wastes of major city centers could be significantly turned into useful products including fuel. For example, Kathmandu Valley can extract 24,298 KL oil from wastes plastics, which is based on calculation of waste per capita, waste composition and conversion ratio. Hence, the COVID-19 pandemic could be turn into opportunities in the sector of waste management provided we act wisely.
Impacts of COVID-19 on Nepalese economy
Authors: Devkota Satis
Published: July 2020

Even though Nepal reported the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in late January 2020, Nepal was one of the least affected countries in South Asia until the end of April 2020. Lockdown and social distancing were implemented from the very beginning and people also contributed voluntarily with certain exceptions to that government’s efforts. That has a positive effect on flattening the curves of COVID-19 affected people and the related death rates in Nepal. However, the macroeconomic consequences of the pandemic are pretty high for a remittance based small economy. This hardship is further escalated when the excessive inflow of the Nepali migrant workers from India carried and transmitted the virus to 1,811 people by June 1, 2020. Still, that number is not high if the government gets success to control the spread outright.
Psycho-social perspective of COVID-19 in Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Sharmila
Published: July 2020

This ‘opinion article’ is based on World Health Organization (WHO) news and online publications along with the cases handled by the writer. It aims at overviewing psycho-social angle of collectivistic social structure of Nepal during the pandemic called COVID-19 caused by Coronavirus. Majority of Nepalese are dependent on agriculture, remaining on private or public services either in or out of the country. COVID-19 entered the world health threatening their existence, authority and leaving social system in halt. Coronavirus attacked breathing system and lungs claiming hundreds of thousand people’s lives around the world. No vaccine or medicine to combat it has been developed till date. Educational, professional and service organizations have been shut down leaving families isolated from friends and relatives. People are living with fear, denial, panic reactions, dissociation, depression, and socially distressed in ‘lockdown’ condition. It can damage trust in authority and socialization pattern as after-effect. Doctors, Politicians, educators, local government, social workers, psychologists and people themselves can reduce negative psycho-social effects occurring in future. Emotional management (situational awareness and acceptance), relationship management, meditation and relaxation exercises can contribute positively in reducing psychological problems of COVID-19.
Options for teaching-learning and research in higher education: coping strategies for Environmental Science studies during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sapkota Ramesh Prasad , Rijal Kedar
Published: July 2020

Online teaching-learning and virtual classrooms have been the choice of many academia across the globe, when there are lockdown uncertainties, preventing the students for real classroom learnings, due to pandemic. When academic institutions are attempting to adopt online teaching-learning and research, there is need to search the possibilities of improving such approaches. In this context, this paper attempts to provide approaches on how the online teaching-learning and research activities under Environmental Science subject can be strengthened. The paper has identified that in addition to online platforms and virtual classrooms, careful collection of field data de-facto and send to the class for discussion and analysis can open wide array of possibilities to learn distantly. Government-academia partnership and coordination among academic institutions and other relevant stakeholders during the pandemic break, help in providing two-way benefits, viz. academic requirement fulfillment of the academic institutions and reference documents development for the data providing institutions. However, in attempting remote teaching-learning and research, every activities of students are required to be assessed by developing clear and unambiguous evaluation rubric. Strengthening online teaching-learning and research can be one of the avenues for developing future education strategies in academic institutions of Nepal.
Canine Distemper Virus (CDV): an emerging threat to Nepal’s wildlife
Authors: Adhikari Roshan Babu , Shrestha Mina , Puri Ganesh , Regmi Ganga Ram , Ghimire Tirth Raj
Published: July 2020

In this article, we have described the urgency of research on CDV in the domestic and feral dogs roaming in and around the protected areas of Nepal where the already threatened wildlife have been struggling for their existence from the immense anthropogenic pressures.
Landscapes of an ideal COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Ghimire Tirth Raj
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses the designing strategies for an ideal COVID-19 vaccine. It gives an illustrative methodology of a complete immunologic understanding of an ideal vaccine that can be used to formulate and prepare a COVID-19 vaccine antigen.
Green economy in post COVID-19 scenario: Nepalese perspective
Authors: Koirala Madan
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 might bring a change in socio-economic order, like some socio-economists have started to use the term Before COVID -19 (BC) and After COVID -19 (AC) time period of human history. Postindustrial revolution era of developmental trend of the world is taking a shift, as futurist professionals have started to debate from their perspective. Nepal, though dependent on remittance as major share of GDP, is basically green economy based from ecosystem perspective as it was under harnessed. Since, “cereals couldn’t be grown on the smartboard, neither Artificial Intelligence (AI) chips could be eaten”, a paradigm shift is obvious with minimal option. In a juncture of time, Nepalese migrant workers, a major source of revenue contributors are returning back to the country due to COVID-19. An alternative national policy to live within the country being involved in green economy is the major way, to contribute the productivity. Out of the land use types of Nepal, majority of population still engaged in green based economy will be the best direction to adopt. In addition, Nepal as one of the countries worst hit by the impact of climate change, despite having only 0.06% emission of GHGs out of the global share at 2011 value. The country has adopted low carbon emission economic growth path even before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak.
Biomimetic nanovaccines for COVID-19
Authors: Singh Bijay
Published: July 2020

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a serious threat to global public health, calling for the development of safe and effective prophylactics and therapeutics against infection of its causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, there is no approved vaccines or medications exist to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2. In this emergency, more than 100 vaccines formulated using conventional approaches are being explored against SARS-CoV-2 across the world. The vaccines formulated using nanotechnology are also on the race of clinical trials. The aim of this article is to provide an insight into the ways of vaccine production by conventional and nanotechnology platforms and expand the understanding on the possibilities and limitations of these approaches for vaccine developments.
Lesson from COVID-19: restructuring the current health system and policies in Nepal
Authors: Subedi Madhusudan , Subedi Prativa
Published: July 2020

Although COVID-19 pandemic has created a state of alarm worldwide, the downfall in health and economy is rather paramount in low income countries. Nepal, due to its inadequate health resources and poor health system, is more vulnerable to the plight. But on a positive note, the weaknesses that have been exposed can be taken as lessons to learn. With the policies committed to achieving health as the fundamental right of people as per the constitution, capacity building, intersectoral coordination, preventive, promotive and curative facilities, and appropriate strategies and preparedness plan, Nepal can combat the pandemic and develop a resilient and well-functioning health system in future. Now is a moment of historic opportunity. Public health program must be strengthened as soon as possible by ensuring that at least minimum requirement are in place at the province and municipality levels and media partnership should be created to prevent societal fear. Furthermore, this is an opportunity to implement the power devolution in federal republic of Nepal
Coronaviruses in animals and humans, COVID-19 pandemic and one health approach
Authors: K.C. Mahesh , Ghimire Shristi , Bhattarai Namita , Dhakal Santosh
Published: July 2020

Coronaviruses can infect several animal species including cattle, pigs, dogs, and cats resulting in diseases related to respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. In humans, coronaviruses generally cause mild to moderate illnesses of the respiratory tract. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which emerged during 2002/03 and 2012/13 respectively, caused severe respiratory illnesses in humans. In December 2019, a novel respiratory coronavirus, SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from Wuhan, China and caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Owing to the rapid spread of this virus, World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic, which claimed over 300,000 lives by 16th May 2020. Data available so far indicate that COVID-19-associated severe illnesses, hospitalizations and deaths are more common in elderly above 65 years of age; in men; and in individuals with underlying health conditions such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes. SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be emerged from bats and likely involved certain, yet to be identified, intermediate animal host. Prevention and control of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and possible disease outbreaks in the future by other emerging and reemerging pathogens, requires efficient implementation of one health strategy that utilizes the expertise of human, animal and environmental health sectors.
COVID-19 pandemic: opportunities and challenges for microbiologists in Nepal
Authors: Banjara Megha Raj , Rijal Komal Raj , Joshi Dev Raj
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has affected global population with high morbidity and mortality in short period of time. After the report of first case of COVID-19 in 23 January 2020, it took almost two months for the report of other cases and since then cases are rising rapidly. The ongoing outbreak presents many public health management challenges due to limited understanding of risk factors for infection and transmission, pathogenesis and effective preventive measures, as well as limited options of laboratory diagnosis. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population has requested Tribhuvan University, Central Department of Microbiology to provide technical support to COVID-19 case diagnosis. Accordingly, till the date the department has technically supported to establish four diagnostic laboratories and trained laboratory personnel for detecting SARS-CoV-2 using Real Time PCR. In order to aware authorities, scientific community and general people, the faculties of the department disseminated updated knowledge on current pandemic through series of media interviews. However, due to lack of recognition as health worker for Microbiology graduates of the department, they could not participate in the routine diagnosis of patient in the laboratory. If granted the license, they can utilize their full potential for infectious disease control to support health sector. Therefore, it is essential to use microbiologist from Tribhuvan University for strengthening the laboratory capacity at Provincial, Municipal and National level to mitigate the present crisis of COVID -19 from Nepal.
Terapia combinada para tratamento das estrias pós puerpério: benefícios da radiofrequência, vacuoterapia e fatores de crescimento
Authors: Silva Esthefani Santos , Gonçalves Penha Flavia Rodrigues , Da Silva Paranhos Itajaci Carvalho , Fukamachi Bernardes Maysa Heiko , De Figueiredo Suzane Siqueira , Almeida Leticia , Ferreira Luciana de Almeida
Published: July 2020

A pele é considerada o maior órgão do corpo em área de superfície e peso. Possui funções, como por exemplo, revestimento e proteção, podendo ser fina, espessa, lisa e áspera. Constitui-se por duas camadas distintas de tecidos: a epiderme, mais superficial, e a derme, mais profunda. Um dos problemas relacionados à pele são as estrias, que consistem em atrofias ocasionadas pelo rompimento das fibras elásticas e colágenas. A pele está associada a estética como um todo, tendo relação com a beleza e bem-estar, quando afetada, pode ocasionar baixa autoestima e problemas de ordem psicológica. A busca por tratamentos estéticos que atuem nas estrias de forma a melhorar o seu aspecto é o principal motivo dessa pesquisa. Pode-se observar, por exemplo, que basicamente a radiofrequência ou vácuo, quando utilizados com o objetivo de gerar um processo inflamatório controlado, estimulam a produção de colágeno e elastina e que os fatores de crescimento ajudam no processo de cicatrização e renovação celular. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo apontar o caso das estrias desenvolvidas pela gravidez e o seu tratamento estético por meio dos recursos eletroterápicos e princípio ativo citados acima, ela se desenvolveu por meio de revisão de literatura integrativa, onde foram selecionadas obras publicadas entre o período de 2010 - 2020, que possibilitaram uma abordagem qualitativa e científica quanto a temática de referência.
Aplicação da ferramenta FMEA para análise de notificações de queixas técnicas de medicamentos sólidos no contexto de Quality by Design
Authors: Bicouv Caroline , Pereira Luiza Novaes Alves , Giorgetti Leandro
Published: July 2020

O controle de qualidade em indústrias farmacêuticas tem sido aprimorado de maneira gradual com a implementação de novas estratégias e tecnologias, de modo a possibilitar a obtenção de produtos cada vez mais eficazes e seguros. Com surgimento do conceito de Quality by Design (QbD), a produção de medicamentos passou a ser otimizada por meio da delimitação dos parâmetros de qualidade dos produtos desde os estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento e planejamento da formulação a partir das características do insumo farmacêutico ativo, visando a prevenção de defeitos e melhoria contínua da cadeia produtiva. Sendo assim, o presente estudo constitui uma análise quantitativa de notificações de irregularidades em medicamentos sólidos publicadas no site oficial da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) durante o período de 2017 a 2019, a partir do uso da metodologia de Análise de Modos de Falhas e Efeitos (FMEA) no contexto de QbD. Ao todo, foram analisadas 421 notificações de produtos farmacêuticos irregulares, das quais 28,5% correspondiam a queixas técnicas, sendo 60,0% delas referentes a medicamentos sólidos. Após a avaliação dos dados, verificou-se que aproximadamente 80,0% das não-conformidades encontradas estavam relacionadas a aspecto, dissolução, embalagem, doseamento e pureza, sendo o QbD uma estratégia eficiente para o gerenciamento dos riscos relacionados à produção, visando a redução de custos e implementação de estratégias que possibilitem a diminuição gradativa do número de queixas técnicas destes produtos.
Phytochemical Screening, Characterization of Essential Oil and Antimicrobial Activity of Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) Collected from Eastern Hararghe, Ethiopia
Authors: Lamboro Tesfahun , Mengistu Melese , Hordofa Teshome Gonfa
Published: July 2020

In the present study, antibacterial activity of leaf, stem bark and root bark extracts of Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) was evaluated against two bacterial (Xanthomonas and Ranstonia) and two fungal (Aspergillusniger and Fusariumvert) species using agar diffusion method. The stem and root ethanol extracts of Schinusmolle exhibited relatively higher zone of inhibition (11.3mm) against Xanthomonas campestris, pv. Campestris. Higher zone of inhibition (10mm) was also observed by the ethanolic extracts of the root of Schinus molle against Fusarium verticillioides followed by the chloroform extracts of the root (8mm) against Aspergillus niger. Phytochemical analysis of leaf, stem bark and root bark extracts of Schinus molle revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, phenols, quinines, carbohydrates and proteins. The occurrence of these biologically active chemicals in the plants parts may justify their wide usage in traditional medicine. From GC-MS analysis, three terpenoids namely monoterpene (66.02%) as a major components, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (13.63%) and oxygenated sesquterpenes (11.07%) were identified from the roots. The essential oils obtained from leaves have been also rich in oxygenated sesquterpenes (68.28%), followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (18.33%), and alcohols (5.17%). The finding indicated that essential oils from different parts of Schinus molle have a promising potential on inhibiting activity of pathogenic microbes.
Preliminary observations of plastic debris in the gastrointestinal tract of sea urchin Tetrapygus niger
Authors: De-la-Torre Gabriel Enrique , Dioses-Salinas Diana Carolina , Huamantupa-Aybar Sandra , Davila-Carrasco Joseph
Published: July 2020

Plastic pollution is regarded as one of the major issues from the Anthropocene epoch. Microplastics (<5 mm) are the result of the excessive plastic production and littering, thus becoming widespread in the environment. In this study, the presence and characteristics of microplastics extracted from the gastrointestinal tract of sea urchin Tetrapygus niger was reported. An average abundance of 3.22 ± 0.49 microplastics per individual was found, ranging from 1 to 5. Fibers were the dominant type (75.9%), followed by fragments (24.1%). Regarding color, most of the particles found were blue > red > black > green. These results are in lower magnitude levels than those reported in others species from the same region. However, microplastics could transfer from sea urchins to predators in higher trophic levels, like marine mammals. Prospects for further research was discussed.
УЛЬТРАМІКРОСКОПІЧНІ ПРОЯВИ У СТРУКТУРІ ПІДНИЖНЬОЩЕЛЕПНОЇ СЛИННОЇ ЗАЛОЗИ НАПРИКІНЦІ 4-ГО ТИЖНЯ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ОПІОЇДНОГО ВПЛИВУ
Authors: Mykhalevych Marta
Published: July 2020

This publication demonstrates the ultrastructural changes of the submandibular salivary gland under the opioid effect at the 4th week of the experimental research. After 28 days of experimental opioid effect, we found that in exocrinocytes of the end secretory departments of acinar cells revealed the destruction of organelles, especially granular and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, as well as reducing the content of secretory granules in the apical area of glandulocytes. In some exocrinocytes, as a result of the increase in destructive changes, a decrease in the volume of the nucleus was noted, which moved to the peripheral parts of the cell. Necrotic changes developed in individual exocrinocytes of the final secretory protein divisions. In such cells, the nucleus was reduced in volume, filled with heterochromatin.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНЕ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ЗМІСТОВОГО КОМПОНЕНТА ФАХОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ НІМЕЦЬКОМОВНИХ КРАЇН
Authors: Штифурак В. Є.  , Самохвал О. О.
Published: July 2020

The research deals with the theoretical substantiation of a content component of vocational training of future specialists in tourism and analysis of the key processes of organizing higher tourism education in German-speaking countries. The article contains the pedagogical analysis of curricula for the training of future managerial staff in tourism at leading higher education institutions of Germany, Austria and Switzerland.The results of the research made it possible to establish disciplinary levels of professional formation within the system of undergraduate education leading to Bachelor degree in Tourism (Fundamentally Professional, Functionally Professional and Subject-Oriented) and of graduate education leading to Master's degree in Tourism (Object-Oriented, Practical and Applied, Scientific-Research). It is generated that a special attention in the organization of educational process is given to the quality of training. It is provided by the ability to quick adaption within the scientific and technological progress, the possession of vocational skills, the ability to use knowledge acquired in solving professional tasks; acquisition of skills and improvement of soft skills; formation of tourism industry specialist's readiness for foreign language interaction.It is proved that the background of forming the content component of vocational training of future specialists in tourism is based on a competency approach involving the construction of the education process, taking into account education guidelines, goals and content of tourism education and training.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR URBAN AGRICULTURE IN MODERN CITIES
Authors: Veselin Rangelov
Published: July 2020

In recent years, urbanization has been on the rise at the expense of agricultural, forest and other natural areas. Due to the migration of the population to big cities, the number of people employed in the agricultural sector is decreasing and consumption is constantly increasing. The urban population is becoming more dependent, and the crisis in the sector is deepening. In recent years there has been intense talk of urban agriculture as an alternative to traditional farming. It has a number of positive aspects, but above all it enables the improvement of the environmental situation in cities, thanks to the increase of the biological mass in the urban environment, the creation of new jobs, the achievement of sustainability and socialization, not least reducing the value of the production produced.
HEREDITY AND REPEATABILITY OF SIGNS OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF MARES NOVOALEXANDROVSKY DRAFT BREED
Authors: Тetiаna Yusiuk  , Аntonina Тaradayko  , Vitaliy Skotsyk
Published: July 2020

When implementing the same group genetic information, repeatability occurs. With sufficient repeatability, the feature becomes effective and selection for that feature at an early age or under any conditions. In the article considered and analyzed the high lactation of seventeen pairs "mother-daughter" mares Novoaleksandrovsky draft breed. The repeatability factor (rw) was within 0.65... 0.68. The repeatability of the milk yield ranged from 0.04 to 0.69 in mothers; in daughters from 0.02 to 0.66. In mother-daughter pairs by milk yield and lactation: relatively high coefficient of heredity (h2 = 0.74) and high coefficient of repeatability (rw = 0.91). Taking into account the established coefficients of heredity and repeatability, the productivity of stud of the Novoaleksandrovsky draft breed of the studied population is largely due to genetic factors, makes it effective to select animals according to their own productivity.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA (AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RHEUMATOLOGY, 1997)
Authors: U. Abrahamovych  , O. Abrahamovych  , O. Nadashkevych  , A. Svintsitskyi  , O. Synenkyi
Published: July 2020

The criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus were proposed in 1971 by the American College of Rheumatology. They have been clarified since then, but need to be revised.Objective. To determine the diagnostic value of the criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus proposed by the American College of Rheumatology.Materials and methods. 370 patients (331 women (89.46%) and 39 men (10.54%), average age 41.24 ± 0.63 years) with SLE and 234 patients (150 women (64.10%) and 84 men (35.90%), average age 48.82 ± 0.85 years) with other rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis) were randomly enrolled into the study. The patients had undergone comprehensive clinical-laboratory and instrumental examinations in 2010–2018 before they received treatment. The analysis was conducted in MS Excel and SPSS by constructing contingency tables and calculating indicators of diagnostic value.Results. We identified the following criteria as those that can with statistical significance predict the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus: butterfly rash, photosensitivity, serositis (pleuritis, pericarditis), neurologic disorders (seizures, psychosis), thrombocytopenia, renal disorders (proteinuria, cylindruria), anti-dsDNA and antinuclear antibodies.
THE PHENOMENON OF “ACMEOLOGICAL CULTURE” AND APPLICATION OF ACMEOLOGICAL APPROACH IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
Authors: Olha Ocheretna  , Maiya Goncharenko
Published: July 2020

Digressing from the problem, which is considered in this research, and its solution within acmeological approach, the aim of the study is to find its origins and determination of its role in the development of professional competence of future specialists during their studies in higher education institutions.Synthesizing knowledge of many sciences and applying main elements of modern approaches, the notion of “acmeological culture” presents more specific interpretation of the development of professionalism and professional competence.
ДІАГНОСТИКА І ПЕДАГОГІЧНИЙ ІНСТРУМЕНТАРІЙ ФОРМУВАННЯ СОЦІОКУЛЬТРУНИХ ЦІННОСТЕЙ У СТУДЕНТІВ В ОСВІТНЬОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ ЗАКЛАДУ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Заредінова Ельвіра Рифатівна
Published: July 2020

The problem of the formation of sociocultural values of students according to the methodological and technological points of view is obtained in the article. The pedagogical toolkit has been developed by author that allows introducing a methodology for the formation of sociocultural values of students based on the identified diagnostics. The approaches include three stages of implementation: normative-cognitive, communicative-active and reflective-evaluative. The pedagogical toolkit was selected for each stage of the process of forming sociocultural values of students, suggesting effective forms and methods.The normative-cognitive stage is forms of work: project activities in the form of individual projects of a sociocultural orientation, methods: project, partially search; individual tasks, using methods of search, practical work method; in solving problematic issues, situations, the following methods were used: problematic, situational and group forms of work: research projects, (methods: project method, partial search); creative workshops, clubs, student associations, communities, methods: role-playing games, group dynamics method; intercultural associations in the form of round tables, webinars, seminars, trainings, flash mobs, using methods: empirical, role-playing games, discussion.For communicative-activity and reflective-evaluative stages, the author proposed the following forms and methods: active: resource circle (method of situations and imitations); work in pairs (methods: group dynamics, a method for solving situational problems); communicative trainings and video-trainings (methods: visualization, immersion seminar); active and interactive: business games, quests (methods: role- playing games, situational, “brainstorming”); sociocultural dialogue (methods: interaction, training); discussion using problematic and dialogue methods of communication.
INFLUENCE UNDERSTANDING OF THE FINANCIAL MARKET’S FUNCTIONING TO THE COMMERCIAL AWARENESS OF ENTERPRISES: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Zerkal A.
Published: July 2020

Basic financial knowledge goes a long way when contemplating the structuring of potential investments, as well as reviewing due diligence documentation prior to an investment being made. Being a public company opens up another avenue of finance, this time on the debt side. The principal types of bank are commercial (lending), investment (securities underwriting and trading) and bundled (both). Enterprises can usually borrow more cheaply by issuing a bond than by getting a loan from a bank, because a bondholder can simply sell the bond to get its money back whereas it is trickier for a bank to sell a loan (loans aren’t designed to be bought and sold in quite the same way). An enterprise’s staff is now required to play a more prominent role in business decisions rendered by an enterprise, as well as help shape their strategy and assist the enterprise to meet its corporate objectives
INNOVATIONS ACTIVENESS IN THE SMES SECTOR IN BULGARIA AND SPAIN: EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors: Lina Anastassova  , Atanas Luizov  , Esther Subira  , Carlos Grau
Published: July 2020

Innovations are one of the most influential factors on the economic growth and this is the reason why governments nowadays have significant concern about it. Researchers and academics from many countries study the innovations activeness and the type of innovations in various industry sectors but comparing the big scope of academic research on international level, there is insufficient research on the topic of innovativeness in Bulgaria. And as SMEs present a significant part of the regional and national economies including in Bulgaria, this empirical survey in Bulgaria and Spain is based on samples of SMEs from different sectors in both countries. In order to guarantee comparativeness the same questioning instrument was employed and the analysis revealed many similarities in the attitude to innovations and the type of innovations in small and medium sized companies in both countries. According to the survey results, the SMEs in Bulgaria focus more on innovations in the promotional policy egg. the marketing communications in contrast with the small and medium-sized companies in Spain where the stress in innovations is more on changes in distribution channels and in the pricing strategies. The comparative analysis with the Spanish companies points out that concerning the innovations in “design and packaging of goods” and “usage of new methods for goods and services promotion” the behaviour of the Bulgarian and Spanish companies is similar. At the end of the paper are drawn some conclusions about the innovations activeness of the SMEs in both countries and the similar problems.
КОМПОЗИЦІЙНИЙ ВПЛИВ КАМЕРНІЗАЦІЇ ЯК ОДИН З ФАКТОРІВ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ДРАМАТУРГІЧНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ У КОНЦЕРТНИХ ТВОРАХ ДЛЯ ФОРТЕПІАНО З ОРКЕСТРОМ ХХ СТОРІЧЧЯ
Authors: Решетілов Б. Ю.
Published: July 2020

The subject of this research is to consider the compositional properties of the chamber tendency in relation to drama in compositions for solo instruments within a chamber orchestra. As twentieth century composers' raised interest in chamber-orchestral concert genres, this caused a number of consequences affecting the formation of dramatic specifics. Some of these include those trends of chamber tendency, which relate to timbre, form, genre, neoclassical manifestations, aesthetics, character directivity, etc. Revision of the semantic component of the chamber orchestra toolkit can appear as a movement towards single-timbre or an emphatic ensemble style. Neoclassical trends through the prism of chamber tendency influence the semantic content of character spheres. Keeping and development of chamber-instrumental music traditions create a special kind of musical material presentation, manifested in the deepening of the sphere of individualization and characterization of a subject. Genre orientation, addressed to the rebirth of the main achievements of past epochs, affects not only the semantic load of character spheres, but also a drama in general. Overall miniaturization as one of tendencies of the twentieth century in the context of the chamber nature leaves its trace in formation of character spheres as a tendency to concentration or continuity. Thus, in general, in the concert genre of the twentieth century the specific innovation patterns are created in the formation of conceptual intonation of character dramaturgy.
İZMİR ŞEHRİNDE MEYDANA GELEN TRAFİK KAZALARININ GÜNLÜK AKTİVİTE ALANLARI İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: HAYBAT Himmet , KARAKAŞ Erdal
Published: July 2020

Nüfus bakımından Türkiye’nin en önemli şehirlerinden birisi İzmir’dir. Zaman geçtikçe nüfusun artması, araç sayısının çoğalmasına neden olmaktadır. Araç kullanımındaki artış aynı zamanda şehirdeki trafik kazalarının sayısını da artırmaktadır. Araştırma trafik kazalarının günlük aktivite alanları ile bağlantılarını ortaya koymak ve azaltılmasında katkı sağlamak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma alanı olarak İzmir şehrine ait on bir tane merkez ilçesi seçilmiştir. Bu bölgenin seçilmesinin sebepleri günlük aktivite alanların bu alanda yoğunlaşması ve İzmir şehrinde nüfusun büyük bir kısmı bu alanda yaşamasıdır. Araştırmada 2010-2014 yıllarına ait trafik kazası verileri kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan başka bir veri İzmir Büyükşehir Üç Boyutlu Kent Rehberinden elde edilen günlük aktivite alanların noktasal verileridir. Araştırmada iki farklı analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analizler yakınlık analizi ve toplam vaka analizidir. Analizlerin kullanılmasındaki amaç trafik kazalarının günlük aktivite alanları ile ilgili bağlantılarını tespit etmektir. Analizler sonucunda trafik kazalarının günlük aktivite alanları içerisinde bulunan eğitim alanları, dini kurumlar, ulaşım alanları, kamu kurum alanları ve konaklama alanları ile bağlantıları tespit edilmiştir.
COĞRAFYA ÖĞRETİMİNDE ÖĞRETİM YÖNTEMLERİNİN ÖĞRENCİ BAŞARISINA ETKİSİ
Authors: TOSUNTAŞ Şule Betül , İNCİ Tuğba , CUBUKCU Zuhal
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, coğrafya öğretiminde öğretim yöntemleri/yaklaşımlarının kullanılmasının öğrenci başarısı üzerine etkisinin meta-analiz yöntemiyle test edilmesidir. Çalışmada etki büyüklüğü üzerinde etkisi olacağı düşünülen (i) araştırmanın yayım türü, (ii) yayım yılı, (iii) eğitim kademesi (iv) ders, (v) öğretim yöntemi/yaklaşımı, (vi) ülke moderatör olarak ele alınmıştır. Coğrafya eğitimi/öğretimi temel alınarak ve öğrenci başarısı anahtar kelimesi kullanılarak, ulusal ve uluslararası veri tabanlarında Türkçe ve İngilizce tarama işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tarama sonrasında 2003- 2019 arasında yapılmış toplam 83 yüksek lisans tezi, doktora tezi ve makale çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterlerine uygun bulunarak meta-analiz çalışmasına dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada yayım yanlılığına ilişkin bir bulguya rastlanmamıştır. Rassal etki modeli kullanılarak yapılan analiz sonuçları, coğrafya öğretiminde öğretim yöntemleri/yaklaşımları kullanımının öğrenci başarısına geniş düzeyde pozitif etkisinin olduğunu göstermiştir (ES=1.44). Moderatör analizleri sonucunda eğitim kademesi, öğretim yöntemi/yaklaşımı ve ülkeye göre etki büyüklüklerinin anlamlı şekilde farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada etki büyüklüğü yüksek bulunan öğretim yöntemlerinin kullanımına ilişkin örnek ders planları ve etkinliklerin hazırlanması önerilebilir.
ÇEVRE SORUNLARI, NEDENLERİ VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ: YOZGAT ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KARAGÖZOĞLU Nazike
Published: July 2020

Bilim ve teknoloji alanında yaşanan gelişmelere bağlı ortaya çıkan ihtiyaçlar ve değişen tüketim alışkanlıkları insanların doğal çevre üzerindeki etkilerinin artmasına neden olmuştur. İnsanın çevreye olan müdahalesi arttıkça doğal dengenin bozulması sonucunda oluşan çevre sorunları tüm canlıların yaşamını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu araştırmada Yozgat’ta yaşayan insanların çevre sorunlarına ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nitel bir çalışma olup görüşme yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiş betimsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Yozgat’ta yaşayan 170 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların görüşlerine göre Yozgat’ta yaşanan en önemli çevre sorunları çöpler, atıklar, hava, su ve gürültü kirliliği, kentleşme ve ormanların tahrip edilmesidir. Bu sorunların sebepleri eğitim eksikliği, bilinçsizlik ve duyarsızlık olarak ifade edilmiştir. Katılımcılar, çevre sorunlarının çözümü için çevre eğitimi etkinliklerinin arttırılmasını, denetim ve ceza uygulanmasını önermişlerdir. Katılımcıların gösterdikleri çevre dostu davranışların çevreye çöp atmamak, atanları uyarmak, geri dönüşüme özen göstermek ve düzenlenen çevre etkinlilerine katılmak olduğu belirlenmiştir.