bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Haddon matrix to assess nonfatal commercial fishing injury factors in Oregon and Washington
Authors: Doza Solaiman , Bovbjerg Viktor , Case Samantha , Vaughan Amelia , Kincl Laurel
Published: March 2023

Background

Commercial fishing is a precarious industry with high fatal and nonfatal injury rates. The Risk Information System of Commercial [RISC] Fishing project at Oregon State University has been tracking both fatal and nonfatal injuries among Oregon and Washington commercial fishermen. We examined the utility of the RISC dataset variables in highlighting injury factors and prevention opportunities.

Method

We identified 245 nonfatal commercial fishing injuries in Oregon and Washington (2000–2018) and assessed the top three injury events (contact with objects or equipment, transportation incidents, and slips/trips/falls) using a cross-sectional design. We generated a Haddon matrix for each event type and populated the matrices with injury-associated factors following our a-priori matrix.

Results

We observed 108 nonfatal injuries due to contact with objects. Contact injuries occurred during fishing (40%) with fishing gears (40%), often while hauling the fishing gear (22%). Common injury mechanisms included getting caught in running equipment or machinery (19%) or compressed by shifting objects or equipment (18%). Of the 58 transportation injuries most occurred in catchers (93%) and smaller vessels (1 to 3 crew) (55%). Vessel casualties were common as several vessels struck rocks/bottom (29%) or experienced fire and explosion (19%). The crew was abandoned to water (38%), often due to no raft or raft malfunctions (19%). Slip/trip/fall injuries (n = 43) typically happened during onboard traffic (49%). Such events were largely experienced by the catcher-processors (44%) including large vessels with > 100 crew (28%).

Conclusion

The Haddon matrix demonstrated the injury-event timeline and helped to identify potential injury-associated factors. Our injury-specific risk matrices will let commercial fishing stakeholders determine priorities and work with the experts on prevention efforts.
Impact of intravenous fluid administration on cardiac output and oxygenation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Lutz Jennifer , Levenbrown Yosef , Hossain Md Jobayer , Hesek Anne , Massa Kelly E. , Keith James P. , Shaffer Thomas H.
Published: March 2023

Background

The effect of intravenous fluid (IVF) administration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an unexplored factor that may improve cardiac output (CO) during CPR. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of IVF administration on CO and oxygenation during CPR.

Methods

This experimental animal study was performed in a critical care animal laboratory. Twenty-two Landrace-Yorkshire female piglets weighing 27–37 kg were anesthetized, intubated, and placed on positive pressure ventilation. Irreversible cardiac arrest was induced with bupivacaine. CPR was performed with a LUCAS 3 mechanical compression device. Pigs were randomized into IVF or no-IVF groups. Pigs in the IVF group were given 20 mL/kg of Plasma-Lyte (Baxter International, Deerfield, IL USA), infused from 15 to 35 min of CPR. CPR was maintained for 50 min with serial measurements of CO obtained using ultrasound dilution technology and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2).

Results

A mixed-effects repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare within-group, and between-group mean changes in CO and PaO2 over time. CO and PaO2 for the piglets were measured at 10-min intervals during the 50 min of CPR. CO was greater in the IVF compared with the control group at all time points during and after the infusion of the IVF. Mean PaO2 decreased with time; however, at no time was there a significant difference in PaO2 between the IVF and control groups.

Conclusions

Administration of IVF during CPR resulted in a significant increase in CO during CPR both during and after the IVF infusion. There was no statistically significant decrease in PaO2 between the IVF and control groups.
Early evaluation of liver metastasis using spectral CT to predict outcome in patients with colorectal cancer treated with FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab
Authors: Li Shenglin , Yuan Long , Yue Mengying , Xu Yuan , Liu Suwei , Wang Feng , Liu Xiaoqin , Wang Fengyan , Deng Juan , Sun Qiu , Liu Xianwang , Xue Caiqiang , Lu Ting , Zhang Wenjuan , Zhou Junlin
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Early evaluation of the efficacy of first-line chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) remains challenging. This study used 2-month post-chemotherapy spectral computed tomography (CT) to predict the overall survival (OS) and response of CRLM patients with bevacizumab-containing therapy.

Method

This retrospective analysis was performed in 104 patients with pathologically confirmed CRLM between April 2017 and October 2021. Patients were treated with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin or irinotecan with bevacizumab. Portal venous phase spectral CT was performed on the target liver lesion within 2 months of commencing chemotherapy to demonstrate the iodine concentration (IoD) of the target liver lesion. The patients were classified as responders (R +) or non-responders (R −) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 at 6 months. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the relationships of the spectral CT parameters, tumor markers, morphology of target lesions with OS and response. The differences in portal venous phase spectral CT parameters between the R + and R − groups were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive power of spectral CT parameters.

Results

Of the 104 patients (mean age ± standard deviation: 57.73 years ± 12.56; 60 men) evaluated, 28 (26.9%) were classified as R + . Cox multivariate analysis identified the iodine concentration (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.238; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.089–1.408; P < 0.001), baseline tumor longest diameter (BLD) (HR: 1.022; 95% CI: 1.005–1.038, P = 0.010), higher baseline CEA (HR: 1.670; 95% CI: 1.016–2.745, P = 0.043), K-RAS mutation (HR: 2.027; 95% CI: 1.192–3.449; P = 0.009), and metachronous liver metastasis (HR: 1.877; 95% CI: 1.179–2.988; P = 0.008) as independent risk factors for patient OS. Logistic multivariate analysis identified the IoD (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.243; 95% CI: 1.405–4.098; P = 0.002) and clinical N stage of the primary tumor (OR: 4.998; 95% CI: 1.210–25.345; P = 0.035) as independent predictor of R + . Using IoD cutoff values of 4.75 (100ug/cm3) the area under the ROC curve was 0.916, sensitivity and specificity were 80.3% and 96.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

Spectral CT IoD can predict the OS and response of patients with CRLM after 2 months of treatment with bevacizumab-containing therapy.
Post-traumatic giant thrombosis of inferior vena cava induced right-sided blunt traumatic diaphragmatic injury: a case report
Authors: Maezawa Shota , Seo Ryota , Motoyoshi Naotaka , Irinoda Takashi
Published: March 2023

Background

Inferior vena cava thrombosis is a severe disease as it carries a higher risk of developing pulmonary embolism associated with a high mortality rate. The incidence of inferior vena cava thrombosis is extremely low and is commonly associated with outflow obstruction of the inferior vena cava. The frequency of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries is less than 1% of all traumatic injuries. In addition, it was not a typical cause of inferior vena cava obstruction. We report the case of the patient who presented with giant thrombosis of the inferior vena cava, which required surgical treatment-induced right-sided blunt traumatic diaphragmatic injury.

Case presentation

A 60-year-old male presented to the emergency department with pelvic and lower leg pain. He was working on a dump truck with the bed raised position. Suddenly, the bed came down, and his body was crushed and injured. Primary CT showed a right lung contusion and elevation of the right diaphragm but no apparent liver injury. The right pleural effusion gradually worsened after admission, as the traumatic diaphragmatic injury was highly suspected. Repeat CT showed aggravation of elevation of the right-sided diaphragm, narrowing of the inferior hepatic vena cava due to left cephalic deviation of the liver, and formation of a giant thrombus in the inferior vena cava. No adverse hemodynamic effects were observed due to thrombus formation, and we performed thrombolytic therapy. The day after starting thrombolytic therapy, the patient developed pulmonary embolism due to a dropped in SpO2 needed oxygen, and dyspnea triggered by coughing. Thrombolytic therapy was continued after the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. However, thrombolytic therapy was ineffective, so we decided on surgical thrombectomy and inferior vena cava filter placement. The postoperative course was not eventful, and an anticoagulant was started. The patient was transferred to the hospital on the 62nd day for rehabilitation.

Conclusions

When a diaphragmatic hernia is suspected of causing hepatic hernia and narrowing of the inferior vena cava, it may be necessary to consider emergency surgical treatment to prevent secondary inferior vena cava thrombosis and fatal pulmonary embolism.
Successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder hemorrhage from a Dieulafoy lesion in a patient on hemodialysis: a case report
Authors: Yano Yuu-ichi , Iguchi Tomohiro , Sato Shota , Iseda Norifumi , Sasaki Shun , Abe Yasuhiro , Nakayama Tomohiro , Honboh Takuya , Kato Seiya , Sadanaga Noriaki , Matsuura Hiroshi
Published: March 2023

Background

Patients on long-term dialysis are prone to hemorrhagic complications, particularly uremic bleeding, but gallbladder hemorrhage is rare, even in patients on dialysis. There have been occasional reports of a Dieulafoy lesion being a cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, but its occurrence within the gallbladder is quite rare. This report describes a case of gallbladder hemorrhage from a Dieulafoy lesion in a patient on hemodialysis that was diagnosed early and successfully treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Case presentation

The patient was a 68-year-old woman on long-term hemodialysis with end-stage renal failure who presented with epigastralgia and back pain. There was no history of trauma or oral administration of antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents. There were no signs of an inflammatory reaction or hyperbilirubinemia. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a slightly hyperdense area in the distended gallbladder and extravasation within the gallbladder lumen but no gallstones. A severe atherosclerotic lesion was also found. She was diagnosed to have gallbladder hemorrhage and emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. Although the postoperative course was complicated by drug fever, she was discharged on postoperative day 10 in a satisfactory condition. Histology revealed hemorrhagic ulceration with an exposed blood vessel accompanied by abnormal arteries in the submucosa. Arteriosclerosis with eccentric intimal hyperplasia in a small-sized artery was also seen. The diagnosis was gallbladder hemorrhage from a Dieulafoy lesion.

Conclusions

A Dieulafoy lesion should be kept in mind as a cause of gallbladder hemorrhage in a patient with severe arteriosclerosis and a bleeding diathesis, particularly if on dialysis, and treated as early as possible.
Influence of Weibull parameters on the estimation of wind energy potential
Authors: Aziz Abdoul , Tsuanyo David , Nsouandele Jl , Mamate Inouss , Mouangue Ruben , Elé Abiama Patrice
Published: March 2023

Wind potential estimation is generally evaluated using two-parameter (k, c) Weibull distribution. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Coefficient of Determination (R2) and Relative Error (RE) are computed in order to comparatively analyse fourteen methods of determining Weibull parameters. They are the Graphical Method, the Standard Deviation Method, the Empirical Method of Justus, the Empirical Method of Lysen, the Energy Pattern Factor Method, the Maximum Likelihood Method, the Modified Maximum Likelihood Method, the Alternative Maximum Likelihood Method, the Least Square Method, the Weighted Least squares Method, the Curve Fitting Method, the Wind Variability Method, the Moroccan Method and the Median and Quartile Method. These methods have been applied on three different windy sites (slightly, moderately and very windy sites) with hourly wind data over a period of 10 years (2005–2014), measured at 10 m height. As a result, compared to the other methods, Energy Pattern Factor method is the more suitable method applicable to assess the Weibull parameters for all wind speeds. However, the values obtained from RMSE, R2 and RE tests revealed that the WVM and MoroM methods are not suitable while all other methods are acceptable for the estimation of k and c. parameters. The determination of the wind power density and the gap between the predicted standard deviation by each method and the measured standard deviation for all the sites highlighted the relevance of EPFM method and the others methods. Moreover, this work reveals that the Weibull shape factor k decrease with height above ground level, while that of the scale factor c increase with height.
Efficacy of a native entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (isolate Z-1) against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Turkey
Authors: Barış Aydemir , Yağcı Mürşide , Çimen Harun , Yücel Cenk
Published: March 2023

Background

Potato tuber worm (PTM) [Phthorimaea operculella(Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)] is one of the most significant and widespread pests of potato. PTM damages potatoes both in the field and in potato storage areas. Control of the pest is getting harder as it is developing resistance to pesticides. Several entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species have been reported to successfully control numerous agricultural pests worldwide. The main aim of the study was to isolate native nematode/s as a biological control agent againstP. operculella. Morphometric measurements of the infective juvenile (IJ) and sequencing and characterization of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was used to identify the nematode isolate to species level. The efficacy of EPN isolate Z-1 obtained from Zonguldak province, Turkey was tested against different life stages of the pest. Experiments were conducted in 150 ml plastic pots containing sterile soil mixture. Four EPN concentrations (i.e., 0, 250, 500 and 1000 IJs/ml) were applied to the soil. Data relating to the mortality of different life stages were collected daily till 6 days after inoculation.

Results

Molecular analyses based on the ITS sequence and morphometric data revealed that isolate Z-1 wasHeterorhabditis bacteriophora. Mortality rates of PTM larvae exposed to 250, 500, and 1000 IJs/ml concentrations of native EPN were 62.9 ± 9.8, 74.0 ± 3.7, and 92.5 ± 3.7%, respectively. There were non-significant differences among tested EPN concentrations for pupal mortality and the highest concentration (i.e., 1000 IJs/ml) caused 25.6% mortality.

Conclusions

The results revealed that the nativeH. bacteriophoraisolate was effective against late-stage larvae of PTM under laboratory conditions. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative management option of the pest.
Construction and validation of a multi-epitope in silico vaccine model for lymphatic filariasis by targeting Brugia malayi: a reverse vaccinology approach
Authors: Madanagopal Premnath , Muthusamy Sathya , Pradhan Satya Narayan , Prince Prabhu Rajaiah
Published: March 2023

Background

Lymphatic filariasis (LF), often referred to as elephantiasis, has been identified as one of the 17 neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organization. Currently, there are no vaccines available to treat this infection in humans. Therefore, with the objective of devising a novel preventive measure, we exploited an immunoinformatics approach to design a multi-epitope-based subunit vaccine for LF, that can elicit a variety of immune responses within the host.
In this study, different B cell, TC cell, and TH cell-binding epitopes were screened from the antigenic proteins of Brugia malayi and they were passed through several immunological filters to determine the optimal epitopes.

Results

As a result, 15 CD8+, 3 CD4+, and 3 B cell epitopes were found to be prominent, antigenic, non-toxic, immunogenic and non-allergenic. The presence of conformational B cell epitopes and cytokine-inducing epitopes confirmed the humoral and cell-mediated immune response that would be triggered by the constructed vaccine model.
Following that, the selected epitopes and TLR-4-specific adjuvant were ligated by appropriate peptide linkers to finalize the vaccine construct. Protein–protein docking of the vaccine structure with the TLR4 receptor predicted strong binding affinity and hence putatively confirms its ability to elicit an immune response. Further, the efficiency of the vaccine candidate to provide a long-lasting protective immunity was assessed by in silico immune simulation. The reverse translated vaccine sequence was also virtually cloned in the pET28a (+) plasmid after the optimization of the gene sequence.

Conclusion

So taken together, by monitoring the overall in silico assessment, we hypothesize that our engineered peptide vaccine could be a viable prophylactic approach in the development of vaccines against the threat of human lymphatic filariasis.

Graphical Abstract
Cardioprotective effects of deferoxamine in acute and subacute cardiotoxicities of doxorubicin: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rahimi Kosar , Amoozgar Hamid , Zareifar Soheila , Shahriari Mahdi , Zekavat Omid Reza , Karimi Mehran , Fathpour Gholamreza , Saleh Fazl , Shakibazad Nader , Bordbar Shayan , Bordbar Mohammadreza
Published: March 2023

Background

Cardiotoxicity is a major concern following doxorubicin (DOX) use in the treatment of malignancies. We aimed to investigate whether deferoxamine (DFO) can prevent acute cardiotoxicity in children with cancer who were treated with DOX as part of their chemotherapy.

Results

Sixty-two newly-diagnosed pediatric cancer patients aged 2–18 years with DOX as part of their treatment regimens were assigned to three groups: group 1 (no intervention, n = 21), group II (Deferoxamine (DFO) 10 times DOX dose, n = 20), and group III (DFO 50 mg/kg, n = 21). Patients in the intervention groups were pretreated with DFO 8-h intravenous infusion in each chemotherapy course during and after completion of DOX infusion. Conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography, serum concentrations of human brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were checked after the last course of chemotherapy.

Sixty patients were analyzed. The level of cTnI was < 0.01 in all patients. Serum BNP was significantly lower in group 3 compared to control subjects (P = 0.036). No significant differences were observed in the parameters of Doppler echocardiography. Significant lower values of tissue Doppler late diastolic velocity at the lateral annulus of the tricuspid valve were noticed in group 3 in comparison with controls. By using Pearson analysis, tissue Doppler systolic velocity of the septum showed a marginally significant negative correlation with DOX dose (P = 0.05, r = − 0.308). No adverse effect was reported in the intervention groups.

Conclusions

High-dose DFO (50 mg/kg) may serve as a promising cardioprotective agent at least at the molecular level in cancer patients treated with DOX. Further multicenter trials with longer follow-ups are needed to investigate its protective role in delayed DOX-induced cardiac damage.

Trial registration IRCT, IRCT2016080615666N5. Registered 6 September 2016, http://www.irct.ir/IRCT2016080615666N5.
Psychiatric patients: who brings them? And why?
Authors: Zarghami Mehran , Roshan Narjes Rezaee , Taheri Amirmasoud
Published: March 2023

Background

The characteristics of people admitted to psychiatric wards act as one of the indicators of the performance of the service system as a whole. The characteristics of these people and how they are referred to psychiatric hospitals vary in different communities. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with mental disorders who were referred to Zare Hospital in Sari, the capital of Mazandaran province in the north of Iran, in 2020, based on their referral sources in order to better provide a health care system.

Results

The mean age of patients (male = 827, female = 293) was 38.25 ± 11.88. 84.2% were referred by family, 12.7% by judicial authorities, 1.7% by police, 0.9% by themselves, and 0.5% by other sources. The most common cause of referrals in all cases was aggression, and the most common diagnosis class was psychotic disorders with the highest frequency in the family referral group. About 21% of patients had methamphetamine abuse, of which about 20% were referred by the court and police.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of aggression and substance abuse raises the need to set up special services for such patients with the cooperation of mental health professionals, judicial authorities, and the police.
Molecular and Clinical Spectrum of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Jha Smita , Simonds William F
Published: March 2023

Recent data suggest an increase in the overall incidence of parathyroid disorders, with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) being the most prevalent parathyroid disorder. PHPT is associated with morbidities (fractures, kidney stones, chronic kidney disease) and increased risk of death. The symptoms of PHPT can be nonspecific, potentially delaying the diagnosis. Approximately 15% of patients with PHPT have an underlying heritable form of PHPT that may be associated with extraparathyroidal manifestations, requiring active surveillance for these manifestations as seen in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and 2A. Genetic testing for heritable forms should be offered to patients with multiglandular disease, recurrent PHPT, young onset PHPT (age ≤40 years), and those with a family history of parathyroid tumors. However, the underlying genetic cause for the majority of patients with heritable forms of PHPT remains unknown. Distinction between sporadic and heritable forms of PHPT is useful in surgical planning for parathyroidectomy and has implications for the family. The genes currently known to be associated with heritable forms of PHPT account for approximately half of sporadic parathyroid tumors. But the genetic cause in approximately half of the sporadic parathyroid tumors remains unknown. Furthermore, there is no systemic therapy for parathyroid carcinoma, a rare but potentially fatal cause of PHPT. Improved understanding of the molecular characteristics of parathyroid tumors will allow us to identify biomarkers for diagnosis and novel targets for therapy.
Capacidades estatais e políticas municipais de Educação durante a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Lui Lizandro , Segatto Catarina , Albert Carla , Marques Rodrigo
Published: March 2023

O desenvolvimento de atividades pedagógicas por meio do ensino remoto se tornou comum ao longo da pandemia. Em uma pesquisa realizada pela Confederação Nacional de Municípios, identificou-se um conjunto de heterogeneidades no que tange às ações adotadas na área da educação no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avançar na compreensão, com base no conceito de capacidades estatais, dos fatores que contribuíram para que municípios tivessem maior capacidade de resposta diante da crise. Para tal, realizou-se uma regressão mediante um conjunto de variáveis ligadas às características dos entes. Identificou-se que variáveis relacionadas às capacidades técnico-administrativas e às político-relacionais mais ligadas à existência de canais participativos foramfundamentais nesse processo.
A Nova LINDB e o processo estrutural como método de controle judicial de políticas públicas no Brasil: o exemplo da “ACP do Carvão”
Authors: Menegat Fernando
Published: March 2023

Há um método ideal de controle de políticas públicas no Brasil? Quais os limites e possibilidades das medidas estruturais enquanto formas de controle judicial de políticas públicas? O presente artigo oferece algumas reflexões sobre a existência de parâmetros jurídicos para o controle de políticas públicas no Brasil, superando o atual cenário de irreflexão administrativa e de hipertrofia da atuação de órgãos de controle externo. O artigo parte da premissa de que a noção de “processo estrutural” apresenta contornos ideais para balizar a forma de se exercer controle sobre a matéria, ao instituir deveres de motivação, legitimação e processualização a serem observados no controle de questões relativas às políticas públicas. O modelo é então utilizado para analisar como um dos pioneiros processos estruturais no Brasil, a ACP do Carvão, impactou o desenho de múltiplas políticas públicas relacionadas à demanda.
The first genome sequence of Anopheles squamous from Macha, Zambia
Authors: Nguyen Valerie T. , Collier Travis C. , Seok Sangwoo , Wang Xiaodi , Mburu Monicah M. , Simubali Limonty , Gebhardt Mary E. , Norris Douglas E. , Lee Yoosook
Published: March 2023

Despite efforts to minimize the impacts of malaria and reduce the number of primary vectors, malaria has yet to be eliminated in Zambia. Understudied vector species may perpetuate malaria transmission in pre-elimination settings. Anopheles squamosus is one of the most abundantly caught mosquito species in southern Zambia and has previously been found with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, a causal agent of human malaria. This species may be a critical vector of malaria transmission, however, there is a lack of genetic information available for An. squamosus. We report the first genome data and the first complete mitogenome (Mt) sequence of An. squamosus. The sequence was extracted from one individual mosquito from the Chidakwa area in Macha, Zambia. The raw reads were obtained using Illumina Novaseq 6000 and assembled through NOVOplasty alignment with related species. The length of the An. squamosus Mt was 15,351 bp, with 77.9 % AT content. The closest match to the whole mitochondrial genome in the phylogenetic tree is the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Its genome data is available through National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequencing Reads Archive (SRA) with accession number SRR22114392. The mitochondrial genome was deposited in NCBI GenBank with the accession number OP776919. The ITS2 containing contig sequence was deposited in GenBank with the accession number OQ241725. Mitogenome annotation and a phylogenetic tree with related Anopheles mosquito species are provided.
A comparative evaluation of micro shear bond strength and microleakage between the resin-modified glass ionomer cement and residual dentin following excavation of carious dentin using Carie CareTM and conventional caries removal in primary teeth: an in vitro study
Authors: Nair Megha , Rao Arathi , Kukkila Jayaprakash , Natarajan Srikant , Baranya Srikrishna Suprabha
Published: March 2023

Background: The bond between the dentin and restorative material contributes to the success of the restoration. Structural changes associated with prepared dentin may influence the bonding of restorative materials. The present study evaluates the bond between the resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and residual dentin following excavation of carious dentin using Carie CareTM and conventional caries removal in primary teeth.

Methods:

52 primary teeth with dentinal caries were randomly grouped into group I, where caries removal was done using the conventional method, and group II which used Carie CareTM. All the teeth were restored using RMGIC. Micro shear bond strength between the residual dentin and the cement was tested using universal testing machine and the dye penetration method was used for microleakage testing. Independent t-test was performed for intergroup comparison. Pearson chi-square test was carried out to evaluate the microleakage patterns in the enamel and dentin.

Results:

The mean micro-shear bond strength of group I was 6.03±1.6 and that of group II was 8.54±2.92; this difference was statistically significant with a p-value of 0.012. Microleakage was higher in the test group (1.38±0.51) than the control group (0.77±0.6) and was significant with a p-value of .036.

Conclusions:

Papain-based chemomechanical agent Carie CareTM can be used as an alternative method to conventional caries removal. However, further studies need to explore methods to improve the marginal sealing capacity of RMGIC to the residual dentin after chemomechanical caries removal.
Essential oil of Cymbopogon martini, source of geraniol, as a potential antibacterial agent against Bacillus subtilis, a pathogen of the bakery industry
Authors: Santamarta Sara , Aldavero A. Cristina , Rojo M Angeles
Published: March 2023

Background: Bacteria can adhere and grow on any surface due to their chemical and physical interaction, leading to the development of biofilms. Essential oils have a great potential for use in the food industry, as they can effectively prevent the presence of some pathogenic microorganisms. 

Species such as those in the Bacillus genus have the ability to produce toxins. Some strains of Bacillus subtilis have been related to cases of food‐borne diseases. In the bakery industry, B. subtilis also has been related to “rope” disease, linked to bread preservation processes.

Methods: The aim of the study was to analyse the antibacterial properties of 24 chemotyped essential oils against the growth of B. subtilis. The biological activity study was carried out using disk diffusion in agar and broth dilution methods.

Results: The essential oil of Cymbopogon martinii var. motia had a high geraniol content (>80.53%) and showed a high antimicrobial effect against the Gram-positive bacterium B. subtilis. Binary combinations of Cymbopogon martinii var. motia oil with Eugenia caryophyllus showed antagonistic effects on B. subtilis.

Conclusions:  The essential oil of Cymbopogon martinii var. motia has an interesting potential use in the bakery industry as a preservative, in applications such as nano encapsulation for bakery doughs, active packaging of baked products, or surface disinfectants.
Practical tips for moving your patient panel online
Authors: Papanagnou Dimitrios , Ankam Nethra , Feingold-Link Jordan , Poluch Maria , Kilpatrick Jared , Fernandez Andres , Vaid Urvashi , Ziring Deborah
Published: March 2023

Patient panels are an inspiring, highly rated educational tool to complement course goals and objectives for students in medical education programs. The COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges on the ability to successfully host in-person patient panels. These challenges resulted in the need to pivot in-person patient panels to online platforms, while still ensuring the quality and intimacy of patient narratives. In this 12 tips article, we share lessons learned in transitioning patient panels in our health systems science curriculum to an online experience for students enrolled in a pre-clinical medical education program.
Decreased hippocampal microglial cell activation by methanolic extract from the leaves of Mallotus oppositifolius (Geiseler) Müll. Arg contributes to its antidepressant-like effect
Authors: Kukuia Kennedy Kwami Edem , Takyi Ferka Yaw , Dugbartey George Johnson , Amoateng Patrick , Kudzi William , Amponsah Seth Kwabena , Koomson Awo Efua , Appiah Frimpong , Adi-Dako Ofosua , Ameyaw Elvis Ofori , Adutwum-Ofosu Kevin Kofi
Published: March 2023

Background: Natural remedies with neuroprotective effect are useful in neuroinflammation-associated depression. Although Mallotus oppositifolius extract (MOE) has previously demonstrated antidepressant and anti-inflammatory properties, its neuroprotective effect remains unknown. Thus, the study evaluated the effect of MOE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation-associated depression in mice.

Methods: Antidepressant-like effect of MOE (10 - 100 mg/kg), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) and minocycline (50 mg/kg) was established in naïve Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice using the forced swim (FST), tail suspension (TST) and open-space swim (OSST) tests. In a separate experiment, FST and TST were used to assess the effect of an 11-day pre-treatment with MOE (10 - 100 mg/kg) or minocycline (50 mg/kg) on LPS (1 mg/kg) neuroinflammation at 6 and 24 hours post LPS. Following these tests, mice were sacrificed and their hippocampi isolated to evaluate their resting and activated microglial cells using Golgi-Cox staining technique. Open-field test was used to assess locomotor activity.

Results: MOE, fluoxetine and minocycline significantly reduced immobility in FST, TST and OSST compared to vehicle (p < 0.05), confirming their antidepressant-like effect. Interestingly, MOE’s antidepressant-like effect was faster than fluoxetine and minocycline. Conversely, LPS treatment increased immobility behavior at 6 and 24 hours, suggestive of neuroinflammation-induced depression. Compared to vehicle group, pre-treatment with MOE and minocycline ameliorated LPS-induced hippocampal microglial activation and reversed increased immobility behavior without affecting locomotor activity (p < 0.05).  Resting microglial cell count was significantly increased by MOE pre-treatment in the OSST-challenged mice compared to vehicle group (p < 0.01). Similarly, MOE pre-treatment reversed LPS-induced reduction in resting microglial count, and restored resting microglial count to normal levels compared to LPS naive vehicle group.

Conclusions: Collectively, the results suggest that MOE exerts neuroprotective effect against LPS-induced neuroinflammation by decreasing the activation of microglia and increasing resting microglial count. This contributes to its antidepressant-like effect.
Una hierofanía solar en el recinto de taula oeste de So na Caçana (Menorca).
Authors: Riudavets González Irene , Ferrer Rotger Antoni , Barceló Forteza Sebastià , Remolins Zamora Gerard , Cladera Barceló Antoni , Bravo Asensio Cristina
Published: March 2023

El artículo presenta la primera evidencia documentada de una hierofanía solar en un monumento talayótico en la isla de Menorca. Durante el inicio de la trayectoria descendente del Sol en el horizonte, en el solsticio de invierno, existe un lapso en el que el astro se sitúa a la misma altura aparente que la ventana que se abre en la fachada del recinto de taula oeste de So na Caçana. En ese momento del año, un rayo de luz penetra por dicha abertura, iluminando el suelo ante el espacio en el que se colocaban las representaciones de las divinidades en este tipo de edificios. La documentación de este fenómeno aporta datos completamente novedosos acerca de los rituales que se llevaban a cabo en estos santuarios, además de establecer unas fechas claras e importantes en el desconocido calendario utilizado por las comunidades humanas menorquinas de la Segunda Edad del Hierro.
El manejo de los recursos leñosos por las comunidades de la Edad del Hierro en el Noroeste de Iberia: el asentamiento de São João de Rei (Portugal).
Authors: Martín Seijo María , Oliveira Nuno , Bettencourt Ana M. S.
Published: March 2023

El asentamiento de São João de Rei (Póvoa de Lanhoso, Braga, Portugal) ha proporcionado nuevos datos arqueobotánicos que nos permiten reconstruir diferentes aspectos relativos al manejo de los recursos leñosos por las comunidades de la Edad del Hierro en el noroeste de la Península Ibérica. Este yacimiento tiene varias fases de ocupación, desde el siglo VI-V a.n.e. hasta el período romano, con ciertos hiatos cronológicos. Los datos antracológicos disponibles permiten observar un aprovechamiento diversificado de distintos taxones del bosque mixto de caducifolios (Quercus spp.) y del bosque de ribera (Salix/Populus, Fraxinus sp.) así como de especies arbustivas (Arbutus unedo) y de matorral (Fabaceae) para la obtención de combustibles. El registro de diferentes atributos dendrológicos nos ha permitido también identificar alteraciones en el crecimiento de los anillos anuales que podrían estar relacionados con la existencia de prácticas de silvicultura.
Trust and Reciprocity in Firms’ Capacity Sharing
Authors: Hu Xing , Caldentey René
Published: March 2023

Problem definition: We study the use of nonmonetary incentives based on reciprocity to facilitate capacity sharing between two service providers that have limited and substitutable service capacity. Academic/practical relevance: We propose a parsimonious game theory framework, in which two firms dynamically choose whether to accept each other’s customers without the capability to perfectly monitor each other’s capacity utilization state. Methodology: We solve the continuous-time imperfect-monitoring game by focusing on a class of public strategy, in which firms’ real-time capacity-sharing decision depends on an intuitive and easy-to-implement accounting device, namely the current net number of transferred customers. We refer to such an equilibrium as a trading-favors equilibrium. We characterize the condition in which capacity sharing takes place in such an equilibrium. Results: We find that some degree of efficiency loss (as compared with a central planner’s solution) is necessary to induce reciprocity. The efficiency loss is small when the two firms have similar traffic intensity even if they are different in service-capacity scale, whereas the efficiency loss can be considerably large when the two firms have significantly different traffic intensities. The trading-favors mechanism, surprisingly, can outperform the perfect-monitoring benchmark when the two firms exhibit high asymmetry in terms of service-capacity scale or traffic intensity because the smaller firm tends to deviate from collaboration. Managerial implications: Firms should consider engaging in nonmonetary reciprocal capacity sharing if regulations, transaction costs, or other market and operational frictions make it difficult to use a capacity-sharing contract based on monetary payments. The trading-favors collaboration can improve the firms’ payoff close to the centralized upper bound when the firms have similar traffic intensities. However, when their traffic intensities are highly different, firms are better off with a monetary-payment contract to induce more capacity sharing and are worse off investing in increasing their visibility to each other’s real-time available capacity, namely investing in perfect monitoring.

Funding: X. Hu thanks Faculty of Business and Economics of the University of Hong Kong and R. Caldentey thanks the University of Chicago Booth School of Business for financial support.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1203 .
The Impact of Healthcare Delivery Complexity on Practices for Clinical Quality Improvement: A Case of Healthcare Workers’ Hand Hygiene Compliance
Authors: Chen Wenlin , Tseng Chung-Li , Tseng Cynthia
Published: March 2023

Healthcare providers often implement quality improvement (QI) practices to improve clinical quality, which may be measured as the extent to which healthcare workers (HCWs) comply with standardized procedures designed for ensuring patient safety. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of QI practices to improve clinical quality varies from facility to facility because of healthcare delivery complexity. In this paper, we consider the contextual complexity and the provider complexity arising from healthcare delivery processes, and we propose an exploratory study based on discrete choice experiments to examine their roles in the relationship between QI practices and clinical quality. By collecting and analyzing data from 320 HCWs at a university hospital in Taiwan, we found that healthcare delivery complexity significantly moderated the effectiveness of QI practices and how they improved clinical quality. We found that the contextual complexity influenced the level of effectiveness of the QI practices, whereas the provider complexity influenced whether a QI practice may be effective or not. We also studied the effect of implementing multiple QI practices simultaneously to counter the provider complexity. We found that implementing more QI practices does not necessarily lead to better outcomes, but implementing the right ones would. Our findings provide healthcare facilities with ex ante insights for designing QI practices to improve clinical quality.

Funding: W. Chen was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 71902017], and C.-L. Tseng was supported by the University of New South Wales UNOVA Knowledge Hub.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.2023.0323 .
Land Grabbing
Authors: Qadri Nasir
Published: March 2023

Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) is a disputed territory according to the United Nations (UN) resolutions unless the people exercise their right to self-determination and decide their own fate. India has maintained its special status through specific arrangements in its constitution. On August 5, 2019, the BJP-led Indian government removed the special guarantees given to the Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK) through the abolition of articles 35-A and 370 of the Constitution of India in an act of clear violation of international law. Since then, it has undertaken numerous actions in legislative and administrative realms to bring about a demographic change in the occupied territory and marginalize the indigenous population, threatening its identity, and culture.
Afghanistan and its Relations with Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Syed Abrar , Islam Fakhr-ul , Wazir Ayaz , Nazir Said
Published: March 2023

Policy Perspectives interviewed four senior experts on Afghanistan to understand the current state of affairs regarding Afghanistan and Pakistan-Afghanistan relations in the broader perspective of history, ideology, and culture. The experts included the former ambassador of Pakistan to Afghanistan and current Vice Chairman Institute of Policy Studies (IPS), Islamabad, Syed Abrar Hussain; Director, Pakistan Study Center, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Professor Dr Fakhr-ul-Islam; former Director General (Afghanistan) at Pakistan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador (r) Ayaz Wazir; and Defense Analyst Brigadier (r) Said Nazir. The interactions with these experts though held separately are presented together.
Rapid and precise tracking of water influx and efflux across cell membranes induced by a pulsed electric field
Authors: Steelman Zachary A. , Martens Stacey , Tran Jennifer , Coker Zachary N. , Sedelnikova Anna , Kiester Allen S. , O’Connor Sean P. , Ibey Bennett L. , Bixler Joel N.
Published: March 2023

Quantitative measurements of water content within a single cell are notoriously difficult. In this work, we introduce a single-shot optical method for tracking the intracellular water content, by mass and volume, of a single cell at video rate. We utilize quantitative phase imaging and a priori knowledge of a spherical cellular geometry, leveraging a two-component mixture model to compute the intracellular water content. We apply this technique to study CHO-K1 cells responding to a pulsed electric field, which induces membrane permeabilization and rapid water influx or efflux depending upon the osmotic environment. The effects of mercury and gadolinium on water uptake in Jurkat cells following electropermeabilization are also examined.
Identification of orbital angular momentum using atom-based spatial self-phase modulation
Authors: Gao Wei , Wang Sandan , Yuan Jinpeng , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang , Wang Lirong
Published: March 2023

Optical vortex orbital angular momentum modes, namely the twists number of the light does in one wavelength, play a critical role in quantum-information coding, super-resolution imaging, and high-precision optical measurement. Here, we present the identification of the orbital angular momentum modes based on spatial self-phase modulation in rubidium atomic vapor. The refractive index of atomic medium is spatially modulated by the focused vortex laser beam, and the resulted nonlinear phase shift of beam directly related to the orbital angular momentum modes. The output diffraction pattern carries clearly distinguishable tails, whose number and rotation direction correspond to the magnitude and sign of the input beam orbital angular momentum, respectively. Furthermore, the visualization degree of orbital angular momentums identification is adjusted on-demand in the terms of incident power and frequency detuning. These results show that the spatial self-phase modulation of atomic vapor can provide a feasible and effective way to rapidly readout the orbital angular momentum modes of vortex beam.
Visible and infrared dual-band anti-counterfeiting with self-assembled photonic heterostructures
Authors: Li Wenxin , Wang Maoren , Wang Jiong , Zhang Li , Zhang Linbo , Deng Longjiang , Xie Jianliang , Zhou Peiheng
Published: March 2023

Self-assembled photonic structures have greatly expanded the paradigm of optical materials due to their ease of access, the richness of results offered and the strong interaction with light. Among them, photonic heterostructure shows unprecedent advances in exploring novel optical responses that only can be realized by interfaces or multiple components. In this work, we realize visible and infrared dual-band anti-counterfeiting using metamaterial (MM) - photonic crystal (PhC) heterostructures for the first time. Sedimentation of TiO2 nanoparticles in horizontal mode and polystyrene (PS) microspheres in vertical mode self-assembles a van der Waals interface, connecting TiO2 MM to PS PhC. Difference of characteristic length scales between two components support photonic bandgap engineering in the visible band, and creates a concrete interface at mid-infrared to prevent interference. Consequently, the encoded TiO2 MM is hidden by structurally colored PS PhC and visualized either by adding refractive index matching liquid or by thermal imaging. The well-defined compatibility of optical modes and facility in interface treatments further paves the way for multifunctional photonic heterostructures.
PtyLab.m/py/jl: a cross-platform, open-source inverse modeling toolbox for conventional and Fourier ptychography
Authors: Loetgering Lars , Du Mengqi , Boonzajer Flaes Dirk , Aidukas Tomas , Wechsler Felix , Penagos Molina Daniel S. , Rose Max , Pelekanidis Antonios , Eschen Wilhelm , Hess Jürgen , Wilhein Thomas , Heintzmann Rainer , Rothhardt Jan , Witte Stefan
Published: March 2023

Conventional (CP) and Fourier (FP) ptychography have emerged as versatile quantitative phase imaging techniques. While the main application cases for each technique are different, namely lens-less short wavelength imaging for CP and lens-based visible light imaging for FP, both methods share a common algorithmic ground. CP and FP have in part independently evolved to include experimentally robust forward models and inversion techniques. This separation has resulted in a plethora of algorithmic extensions, some of which have not crossed the boundary from one modality to the other. Here, we present an open source, cross-platform software, called PtyLab, enabling both CP and FP data analysis in a unified framework. With this framework, we aim to facilitate and accelerate cross-pollination between the two techniques. Moreover, the availability in Matlab, Python, and Julia will set a low barrier to enter each field.