bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loss of audiovisual facilitation with age occurs for vergence eye movements but not for saccades
Authors: Chavant Martin , Kapoula Zoï
Published: March 2022

Though saccade and vergence eye movements are fundamental for everyday life, the way these movements change as we age has not been sufficiently studied. The present study examines the effect of age on vergence and saccade eye movement characteristics (latency, peak and average velocity, amplitude) and on audiovisual facilitation. We compare the results for horizontal saccades and vergence movements toward visual and audiovisual targets in a young group of 22 participants (mean age 25 ± 2.5) and an elderly group of 45 participants (mean age 65 + 6.9). The results show that, with increased age, latency of all eye movements increases, average velocity decreases, amplitude of vergence decreases, and audiovisual facilitation collapses for vergence eye movements in depth but is preserved for saccades. There is no effect on peak velocity, suggesting that, although the sensory and attentional mechanisms controlling the motor system does age, the motor system itself does not age. The loss of audiovisual facilitation along the depth axis can be attributed to a physiologic decrease in the capacity for sound localization in depth with age, while left/right sound localization coupled with saccades is preserved. The results bring new insight for the effects of aging on multisensory control and attention.
Engineered barriers regulate osteoblast cell migration in vertical direction
Authors: Chen X. , Xu Y. , Cheng Y. , Pang S. W.
Published: March 2022

Considering cell migration is essential for understanding physiological processes and diseases. The vertical migration of cells in three dimensions is vital, but most previous studies on cell migration have only focused on two-dimensional horizontal migration. In this paper, cell migration in the vertical direction was studied. Barriers with a height of 1, 5, 10, and 25 µm with grating and arrows in channels as guiding patterns were fabricated. The effects of barrier height and guiding patterns on the vertical migration of MC3T3 cells were explored. The study revealed that taller barriers hinder vertical migration of MC3T3 cells, whereas grating and arrows in channels promote it. The time-lapse and micrograph images showed that as the barrier height increased, the cell climbing angle along the barrier sidewall decreased, and the time taken to climb over the barrier increased. These results indicate that taller barriers increase the difficulty of vertical migration by MC3T3 cells. To promote the vertical migration of MC3T3 cells, 10 µm tall barriers with 18° and 40° sloped sidewalls were fabricated. For barriers with 18° sloped sidewalls, the probability for MC3T3 cells to climb up and down the 10 µm tall barriers was 40.6% and 20.3%, respectively; this is much higher than the migration probability over vertical barriers. This study shows topographic guidance on the vertical migration of MC3T3 cells and broadens the understanding of cell migration in the vertical direction.
Role of water in unexpectedly large changes in emission flux of volatile organic compounds in soils under dynamic temperature conditions
Authors: Parlin Asma Akter , Kondo Monami , Watanabe Noriaki , Nakamura Kengo , Wang Jiajie , Sakamoto Yasuhide , Komai Takeshi
Published: March 2022

Understanding the diffusive transport behavior of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in near-surface soils is important because soil VOC emissions affect atmospheric conditions and climate. Previous studies have suggested that temperature changes affect the transport behavior; however, the effect of these changes are poorly understood. Indeed, under dynamic temperature conditions, the change in VOC flux is much larger than that expected from the temperature dependency of the diffusion coefficient of VOCs in air. However, the mechanism is not well understood, although water in soil has been considered to play an important role. Here, we present the results of experiments for the upward vertical vapor-phase diffusive transport of two VOCs (benzene and tetrachloroethylene) in sandy soil under sinusoidal temperature variations of 20–30 °C, as well as its numerical representation. The results clarify that the unexpectedly large changes in emission flux can occur as a result of changes in the VOC concentration gradient due to VOC release (volatilization) from/trapping (dissolution) into water, and that such flux changes may occur in various environments. This study suggests the importance of a global evaluation of soil VOC emissions by continuous measurements in various soil environments and/or predictions through numerical simulations with thorough consideration of the role of water in dynamic soil environments.
Functionalization of an extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) for bacteria detection
Authors: Könemund Lea , Neumann Laurie , Hirschberg Felix , Biedendieck Rebekka , Jahn Dieter , Johannes Hans-Hermann , Kowalsky Wolfgang
Published: March 2022

Traditional sensing technologies have drawbacks as they are time-consuming, cost-intensive, and do not attain the required accuracy and reproducibility. Therefore, new methods of measurements are necessary to improve the detection of bacteria. Well-established electrical measurement methods can connect high sensitive sensing systems with biological requirements. One approach is to functionalize an extended-gate field-effect transistor’s (EGFET) sensing area with modified porphyrins containing two different linkers. One linker connects the electrode surface with the porphyrin. The other linker bonds bacteria on the functional layer through a specific peptide chain. The negative charge on the surface of the cells regulates the surface potential which has an impact on the electrical behavior of the EGFET. The attendance of attached bacteria on the functionalized sensing area could successfully be detected.
Host inflammatory response and clinical parameters around implants in a rat model using systemic alendronate and zoledronate acid drug administrations
Authors: Kniha Kristian , Rink Lothar , Wolf Jana , Möhlhenrich Stephan Christian , Peters Florian , Heitzer Marius , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali
Published: March 2022

Implant outcomes in comparison to a natural tooth in a rat model using systemic alendronate and zoledronate acid drug administrations were assessed. Fifty-four Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allocated into two experimental groups (drug application of zoledronic acid; 0.04 mg/kg intravenously once a week and alendronic acid; 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously five times a week) and one control group with 18 animals in each group. Drug delivery was conducted for a period of 4 months. After 4 weeks either a zirconia or a titanium implant was immediately inserted in the socket of the first molar of the upper jaw. In vivo investigations included host inflammatory parameters and the implant survival and success rates for up to 3 months. Material incompatibilities against titanium and zirconia nanoparticles were evaluated in vitro after stimulation of rat spleen cells. In vivo, IL-6 release around titanium implants demonstrated significantly higher values in the control group (p = 0.02) when compared to the zoledronic acid group. Around the natural tooth without drug administration, the control group showed higher IL-6 values compared with the alendronic acid group (p = 0.01). In vitro, only lipopolysaccharide and not the implant’s nanoparticles stimulated significant IL-6 and TNFα production. In terms of the primary aim of in vivo and in vitro IL-6 and TNFα measurements, no implant material was superior to the other. No significant in vitro stimulation of rat spleen cells was detected with respect to titanium oxide and zirconium oxide nanoparticles.
Design of the performance outcome scoring template (POS-T) with example application on CO2 emissions reduction amongst 36 OECD member countries
Authors: Raysmith Benjamin P. , Timpka Toomas , Jacobsson Jenny , Drew Michael K. , Dahlström Örjan
Published: March 2022

In applied program settings, such as in natural environment control and education, performance evaluation is usually conducted by evaluators considering both self-comparison and comparison with peers. We have developed the performance outcome scoring template (POS-T) for assessments with high face-validity in these settings. POS-T puts achievements of individuals or groups in context, i.e. the resulting performance outcome score (POS) reflects a meaningful measure of performance magnitude with regards to internal and external comparisons. Development of a POS is performed in four steps supported by a statistical framework. Software is supplied for creation of scoring applications in different performance evaluation settings. We demonstrate the POS-T by evaluation of CO2 emissions reduction amongst 36 OECD member countries.
BRCA1 mutations in high-grade serous ovarian cancer are associated with proteomic changes in DNA repair, splicing, transcription regulation and signaling
Authors: Bradbury Melissa , Borràs Eva , Castellví Josep , Méndez Olga , Sánchez-Iglesias José Luis , Pérez-Benavente Assumpció , Gil-Moreno Antonio , Sabidó Eduard , Santamaria Anna
Published: March 2022

Despite recent advances in the management of BRCA1 mutated high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), the physiology of these tumors remains poorly understood. Here we provide a comprehensive molecular understanding of the signaling processes that drive HGSC pathogenesis with the addition of valuable ubiquitination profiling, and their dependency on BRCA1 mutation-state directly in patient-derived tissues. Using a multilayered proteomic approach, we show the tight coordination between the ubiquitination and phosphorylation regulatory layers and their role in key cellular processes related to BRCA1-dependent HGSC pathogenesis. In addition, we identify key bridging proteins, kinase activity, and post-translational modifications responsible for molding distinct cancer phenotypes, thus providing new opportunities for therapeutic intervention, and ultimately advance towards a more personalized patient care.
Temperature-responsive mixed-mode column for the modulation of multiple interactions
Authors: Nagase Kenichi , Matsumoto Kosuke , Kanazawa Hideko
Published: March 2022

In this study, mixed-mode chromatography columns have been investigated using multiple analyte interactions. A mixed-mode chromatography column was developed using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) brush-modified silica beads and poly(3-acrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride) (PAPTAC) brush-modified silica beads. PNIPAAm brush-modified silica beads and PAPTAC brush-modified silica beads were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. The beads were then packed into a stainless-steel column in arbitrary compositions. The elution studies evaluated the column performance on hydrophobic, electrostatic, and therapeutic drug samples using steroids, adenosine nucleotide, and antiepileptic drugs as analytes, respectively. Steroids exhibited an increased retention time when the column temperature was increased. The retention of adenosine nucleotides increased with the increasing composition of the PAPTAC-modified beads in the column. The antiepileptic drugs were separated using the prepared mixed-mode columns. An effective separation of antiepileptic drugs was observed on a 10:1 PNIPAAm:PAPTAC column because the balance between the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions with antiepileptic drugs was optimized for the bead composition. Oligonucleotides were also separated using mixed-mode columns through multiple hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. These results demonstrate that the developed mixed-mode column can modulate multiple hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions by changing the column temperature and composition of the packed PNIPAAm and PAPTAC beads.
Stereoisomer-dependent conversion of dinaphthothienothiophene precursor films
Authors: Shioya Nobutaka , Fujii Masamichi , Shimoaka Takafumi , Eda Kazuo , Hasegawa Takeshi
Published: March 2022

Soluble precursor materials of organic semiconductors are employed for fabricating solution-processable thin film devices. While the so-called precursor approach has already been tried for various organic electronic devices such as transistors and solar cells, understanding of the conversion process in the film lags far behind. Here, we report that molecular aggregation of the precursor compound significantly influences the thermal conversion reaction in the film. For this study, two stereoisomers of a dinaphthothienothiophene (DNTT) precursor that are the endo- and exo-DNTT-phenylmaleimide monoadducts are focused on. The structural change during the thermal conversion process has been investigated by a combination of infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results show that the endo-isomer is readily converted to DNTT in the film by heating, whereas the exo-isomer exhibits no reaction at all. This reaction suppression is found to be due to the self-aggregation property of the exo-isomer accompanying the intermolecular C–H$$\cdots$$
⋯
O interactions. This finding shows a new direction of controlling the on-surface reaction, as well as the importance of analyzing the film structure at the initial stage of the reaction.
Disrupted connectivity in the olfactory bulb-entorhinal cortex-dorsal hippocampus circuit is associated with recognition memory deficit in Alzheimer’s disease model
Authors: Salimi Morteza , Tabasi Farhad , Abdolsamadi Maryam , Dehghan Samaneh , Dehdar Kolsoum , Nazari Milad , Javan Mohammad , Mirnajafi-Zadeh Javad , Raoufy Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2022

Neural synchrony in brain circuits is the mainstay of cognition, including memory processes. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that disrupts neural synchrony in specific circuits, associated with memory dysfunction before a substantial neural loss. Recognition memory impairment is a prominent cognitive symptom in the early stages of AD. The entorhinal–hippocampal circuit is critically engaged in recognition memory and is known as one of the earliest circuits involved due to AD pathology. Notably, the olfactory bulb is closely connected with the entorhinal–hippocampal circuit and is suggested as one of the earliest regions affected by AD. Therefore, we recorded simultaneous local field potential from the olfactory bulb (OB), entorhinal cortex (EC), and dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) to explore the functional connectivity in the OB-EC-dHPC circuit during novel object recognition (NOR) task performance in a rat model of AD. Animals that received amyloid-beta (Aβ) showed a significant impairment in task performance and a marked reduction in OB survived cells. We revealed that Aβ reduced coherence and synchrony in the OB-EC-dHPC circuit at theta and gamma bands during NOR performance. Importantly, our results exhibit that disrupted functional connectivity in the OB-EC-dHPC circuit was correlated with impaired recognition memory induced by Aβ. These findings can elucidate dynamic changes in neural activities underlying AD, helping to find novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Risk subtyping and prognostic assessment of prostate cancer based on consensus genes
Authors: Meng Jialin , Guan Yu , Wang Bijun , Chen Lei , Chen Junyi , Zhang Meng , Liang Chaozhao
Published: March 2022

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent malignancy in male urogenital system around worldwide. We performed molecular subtyping and prognostic assessment based on consensus genes in patients with PCa. Five cohorts containing 1,046 PCa patients with RNA expression profiles and recorded clinical follow-up information were included. Univariate, multivariate Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression were used to select prognostic genes and establish the signature. Immunohistochemistry staining, cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays were used to assess the biological functions of key genes. Thirty-nine intersecting consensus prognostic genes from five independent cohorts were identified. Subsequently, an eleven-consensus-gene classifier was established. In addition, multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the classifier served as an independent indicator of recurrence-free survival in three of the five cohorts. Combined receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis achieved synthesized effects by combining the classifier with clinicopathological features in four of five cohorts. SRD5A2 inhibits cell proliferation, while ITGA11 promotes cell migration and invasion, possibly through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. To conclude, we established and validated an eleven-consensus-gene classifier, which may add prognostic value to the currently available staging system.
Non-obligate pairwise metabolite cross-feeding suggests ammensalic interactions between Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Singh Digar , Lee Sang Hee , Lee Choong Hwan
Published: March 2022

Bacterial-fungal metabolite trade-offs determine their ecological interactions. We designed a non-obligate pairwise metabolite cross-feeding (MCF) between Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Aspergillus oryzae. Cross-feeding Aspergillus metabolites (MCF-1) affected higher growth and biofilm formation in Bacillus. LC-MS/MS-based multivariate analyses (MVA) showed variations in the endogenous metabolite profiles between the cross-fed and control Bacillus. We observed and validated that Aspergillus-derived oxylipins were rapidly depleted in Bacillus cultures concomitant with lowered secretion of cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs). Conversely, Bacillus extracts cross-fed to Aspergillus (MCF-2) diminished its mycelial growth and conidiation. Fungistatic effects of Bacillus-derived cyclic surfactins were temporally reduced following their hydrolytic linearization. MVA highlighted disparity between the cross-fed (MCF-2) and control Aspergillus cultures with marked variations in the oxylipin levels. We conclude that the pairwise MCF selectively benefitted Bacillus while suppressing Aspergillus, which suggests their ammensalic interaction. Widening this experimental pipeline across tailored communities may help model and simulate BFIs in more complex microbiomes.
Metal organic framework-based Janus nanomaterials: rational design, strategic fabrication and emerging applications
Authors: Tripathy Suraj Prakash , Subudhi Satyabrata , Ray Asheli , Behera Pragyandeepti , Parida Kulamani
Published: March 2022

Janus MOFs holds a novel strategy in overcoming the shortcomings of conventional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as well as non-porous Janus nanoparticles by exhibiting non-centrosymmetry and multi-functionality.
Reversible conjugation of biomembrane vesicles with magnetic nanoparticles using a self-assembled nanogel interface: single particle analysis using imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Mizuta Ryosuke , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Katagiri Kiyofumi , Sawada Shin-ichi , Akiyoshi Kazunari
Published: March 2022

Biomembrane vesicles and magnetic particles were hybridized reversibly using the interface of polysaccharide nanogel for magnetic drug delivery. The formation and separation of hybrids were analyzed at single particle level by imaging flow cytometry.
A highly selective and sensitive “on–off” fluorescent probe for detecting cadmium ions and l-cysteine based on nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon quantum dots
Authors: Yan Zhihong , Yao Wei , Mai Kang , Huang Jiaqi , Wan Yating , Huang Liu , Cai Bo , Liu Yi
Published: March 2022

Schematic presentation of the synthesis of N,B-CQDs and their application as an “on–off” fluorescent probe for Cd2+ and l-Cys detection.
Metalation-induced denitrogenative reductive coupling of isocyanides on a silylene-bridged nickel cluster
Authors: Shimamoto Kento , Sunada Yusuke
Published: March 2022

The denitrogenative reductive coupling of two molecules of CNtBu was achieved on a multinuclear silylene-bridged Ni cluster framework, and two possible intermediary Ni clusters were isolated.
Metal oxyhalides: an emerging family of nonlinear optical materials
Authors: Chen Xinglong , Ok Kang Min
Published: March 2022

Nonlinear optical metal oxyhalides could provide a new insight into the target design and exploratory synthesis of new functional materials with intriguing chemical and physical properties.
Atomic-scale investigation of the reversible α- to ω-phase lithium ion charge – discharge characteristics of electrodeposited vanadium pentoxide nanobelts
Authors: Hussein Haytham E. M. , Beanland Richard , Sànchez Ana M. , Walker David , Walker Marc , Han Yisong , Macpherson Julie V.
Published: March 2022

Electrodeposition is used to produce α-V2O5 nanobelts on a boron doped diamond electrode. The nanoscale dimensions facilitate accommodation of three Li+ ions during discharge resulting in ω-Li3V2O5, which is reversible over at least one cycle.
Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) frameworks constructed by directional tuning of diverse substituted groups on a triazine skeleton and supermassive adsorption behavior for iodine and dyes
Authors: Cai He-Qun , Zeng Guang , You Zi-Xin , Wang Chen , Sun Li-Xian , Bai Feng-Ying , Xing Yong-Heng
Published: March 2022

The controllable design, synthesis and functional properties of a series of triazine tetratopic carboxylic MOFs have always been hotspots and challenges for research.
Mechanistic study on reduction of nitric oxide to nitrous oxide using a dicopper complex
Authors: Kametani Yohei , Abe Tsukasa , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Shiota Yoshihito
Published: March 2022

Theoretical computation reveals busy electron transfer during NO reduction by a dinuclear copper complex.
NASICON-structured Na3Fe2PO4(SO4)2: a potential cathode material for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Ranjeeth R. , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Prakash Rajiv , Singh Preetam
Published: March 2022

The cost-effective and abundant availability of sodium offers an opportunity for rechargeable Na-ion batteries as an ideal replacement for rechargeable Li-ion batteries.
Electrostatically-blind quantitative piezoresponse force microscopy free of distributed-force artifacts
Authors: Killgore Jason P. , Robins Larry , Collins Liam
Published: March 2022

Electrostatic forces complicate the interpretation of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). Electrostatic blind spot (ESBS) PFM overcomes these complications by placing the detection laser where it is sensitive piezoresponse but not electrostatics.
Novel charm of 2D materials engineering in memristor: when electronics encounter layered morphology
Authors: Batool Saima , Idrees Muhammad , Zhang Shi-Rui , Han Su-Ting , Zhou Ye
Published: March 2022

The most recent significant concerns of 2D materials for the synthesis, yield, and mechanism behind device-to-device variability, reliability, and durability benchmarking under memristor characteristics have been discussed.
Co-Catalyzed atom transfer radical addition of bromodifluoroacetamides, expanding the scope of radical difluoroalkylation
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Suzuki Harufumi , Kuroyanagi Eisuke , Yamada Keiji , Yasui Takeshi
Published: March 2022

The Co-catalyzed atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) of bromodifluoroacetamides to arylalkynes and alkenes afforded functionalized difluoroacetamides, expanding the scope of transition-metal-catalyzed ATRA.
Telechelic polyethylene, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) and triblock copolymers based on ethylene and vinyl acetate by iodine transfer polymerization
Authors: Baffie Florian , Lansalot Muriel , Monteil Vincent , D'Agosto Franck
Published: March 2022

Difunctional iodo chain transfer agents (CTAs) were successfully employed in the iodine transfer polymerization (ITP) of ethylene and its copolymerization with vinyl acetate to synthesize telechelic (co)polymers and triblock copolymers.
Ln3@C80+ (Ln = lanthanide): a new class of stable metallofullerene cations with multicenter metal–metal bonding in the sub-nanometer confined space
Authors: Jiang Yuhang , Li Zisheng , Wu Yabei , Wang Zhiyong
Published: March 2022

Unstable tri-metallofullerenes Ln3@C80 are greatly stabilized in their cationic form. The stability of Ln3@C80+ originates from a three-center two-electron metal–metal bond that compensates for the Coulomb repulsion between the metal ions.
Asymmetric total synthesis of (1S,2S,4S)-β-elemene
Authors: Chen Wei , Feng Zhun , Liu Qiang
Published: March 2022

The first asymmetric total synthesis of (1S,2S,4S)-β-elemene was accomplished in five steps or eight steps by using the chiral pool strategy.
Site-specific doping of silver atoms into a Au25 nanocluster as directed by ligand binding preferences
Authors: Shi Wan-Qi , Guan Zong-Jie , Li Jiao-Jiao , Han Xu-Shuang , Wang Quan-Ming
Published: March 2022

For the first time site-specific doping of silver into a spherical Au25 nanocluster has been achieved in [Au19Ag6(MeOPhS)17(PPh3)6] (BF4)2. It is a 6e system showing quite a different absorption spectrum from [Au25(SR)18]−.
DNP NMR spectroscopy enabled direct characterization of polystyrene-supported catalyst species for synthesis of glycidyl esters by transesterification
Authors: Tanaka Shinji , Nakajima Yumiko , Ogawa Atsuko , Kuragano Takashi , Kon Yoshihiro , Tamura Masanori , Sato Kazuhiko , Copéret Christophe
Published: March 2022

We demonstrated that DNP-enhanced NMR spectroscopy enables the direct and detailed characterization of polymer-supported alkylammonium catalysts.
Recognition competes with hydration in anion-triggered monolayer formation of cyanostar supra-amphiphiles at aqueous interfaces
Authors: Yan Liwei , Saha Ankur , Zhao Wei , Neal Jennifer F. , Chen Yusheng , Flood Amar H. , Allen Heather C.
Published: March 2022

The selective binding of anions transform macrocycles into amphiphiles that form monolayers on the surface of water depending upon the relative roles of anion hydration and anion recognition.
Aperture control in polymer-based composites with hybrid core–shell spheres for frequency-selective electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Hwang Uiseok , Kim Junyoung , Sun Hanna , Park In-Kyung , Suhr Jonghwan , Nam Jae-Do
Published: March 2022

A composite system with embedded bimodal-sized hybrid core–shell spheres is reported for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications, of which the shells are either wave-diffuse reflecting nickel/gold or wave-absorbing graphene.
Ultrasensitive dual-mode visualization of perchlorate in water, soil and air boosted by close and stable Pt–Pt packing endowed low-energy absorption and emission
Authors: Su Zhen , Li Yushu , Li Jiguang , Li Kun , Dou Xincun
Published: March 2022

An ultrasensitive, dual-mode readout sensing platform was achieved for detecting perchlorate based on a water-soluble Pt(ii) terpyridyl complex.
Tailoring the anion stoichiometry and oxidation kinetics of vanadium (oxy)nitride by the control of ammonolysis conditions
Authors: Holz Laura I. V. , Graça Vanessa C. D. , Loureiro Francisco J. A. , Mikhalev Sergey M. , Mendes Diogo , Mendes Adélio , Fagg Duncan P.
Published: March 2022

Higher N/O increases significantly the V(O,N) oxidation resistance.
Young Adults With Acquired Brain Injury Show Longitudinal Improvements in Cognition After Intensive Cognitive Rehabilitation
Authors: Gilmore Natalie , Mirman Daniel , Kiran Swathi
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an intensive cognitive and communication rehabilitation (ICCR) program on language and other cognitive performance in young adults with acquired brain injury (ABI).

Method:

Thirty young adults with chronic ABI participated in this study. Treatment participants (
n
= 22) attended ICCR 6 hours/day, 4 days/week for at least one 12-week semester. Deferred treatment/usual care control participants (
n
= 14) were evaluated before and after at least one 12-week semester. Pre- and postsemester standardized cognitive assessment items were assigned to subdomains. Between-groups and within-group generalized linear mixed-effects models assessed the effect of time point on overall item accuracy and differences by item subdomain. Subdomain analyses were adjusted for multiple comparisons.

Results:

Between-groups analyses revealed that treatment participants improved significantly faster over time than deferred treatment/usual care participants in overall item accuracy and specifically on items in the verbal expression subdomain. Investigating the three-way interaction between time point, group, and etiology revealed that the overall effects of the treatment were similar for individuals with nontraumatic and traumatic brain injuries. The treatment group showed an overall effect of treatment and significant gains over time in the verbal expression, written expression, memory, and problem solving subdomains. The control group did not significantly improve over time on overall item accuracy and showed significant subdomain-level gains in auditory comprehension, which did not survive correction.

Conclusions:

Sustaining an ABI in young adulthood can significantly disrupt key developmental milestones, such as attending college and launching a career. This study provides strong evidence that integrating impairment-based retraining of language and other cognitive skills with “real-world” application in academically focused activities promotes gains in underlying cognitive processes that are important for academic success as measured by standardized assessment items. These findings may prompt a revision to the current continuum of rehabilitative care for young adults with ABI.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19320068
Creating Clinical Research Impact Through Social Media: Five Easy Steps to Get Started
Authors: Davidson Meghan M. , Mahendra Nidhi , Nicholson Nannette
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this tutorial is to provide a brief tutorial on how to get started with creating clinical impact of research through the use of varied social media channels.

Method:

We summarize the literature and provide examples for creating social media content for clinical research impact.

Results:

We describe a five-step process for creating clinical impact: (a) identify your goal or purpose of creating impact for a specific project, (b) identify your target audience and match it to a social media platform, (c) study benchmark posts made by active users and influencers on your social media outlet of interest, (d) create novel and engaging content, and (e) share content and track responses.

Conclusions:

Creating clinical impact of research through social media does not have to be overwhelming or time consuming and is an important part of disseminating research evidence to help bridge the research-to-practice gap. Readers will be able to share their work on social media to begin creating clinical impact because of reading this tutorial.
Integrating Family-Centered Care Into Chronic Dysphagia Management: A Tutorial
Authors: Shune Samantha E. , Linville Deanna , Namasivayam-MacDonald Ashwini
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

Chronic illnesses and sources of disability, such as dysphagia, are experienced by the entire family system. A narrow focus on impairment-level treatment cannot account for the often-dramatic shift in biopsychosocial functioning that is experienced by both the individual with dysphagia and their family members. To maximize treatment effectiveness, it is therefore necessary to focus more holistically on family resilience and adaptation. Drawing from the principles of family systems theory and the biopsychosocial–spiritual framework, this tutorial explores the application of family-centered care models to chronic dysphagia management. Using a case study to illustrate dysphagia's impact on family caregivers, we suggest a number of opportunities for speech-language pathologists to appropriately engage in family-centered care.

Conclusions:

Clinicians need to recognize that chronic dysphagia's widespread consequences necessitate the integration of the family into intervention plans. This requires a better understanding of family dynamics, particularly as they relate to the medical condition. As part of the management process, clinicians should consider explicitly inquiring about specific sources of support the family may require and make referrals to other professionals as needed. They should also consider implementing strategies to support the family into intervention in a way that minimizes burden and respects their capabilities. It is only through a more family-centered care approach that clinicians will be able to reduce the impacts of third-party disability and improve the lives of patients and their families.
Radio resource allocation for multi‐antenna gateway stations of diverse NGSO constellation networks
Authors: Ren Zixuan , Li Wei , Jin Jin , Zhan Yafeng
Published: March 2022

With the rapid development of NGSO satellite constellation, multi‐antenna gateway station has become a trend to increase the capacity of communication system. Since the wide use of Ku/Ka bands as well as the dynamic characteristics of NGSO networks, the co‐frequency interference between constellations is inevitable, and the interference limits become important constraints to the system capacity of multi‐antenna gateway stations. In this paper, the allocation of radio resources, including power and beam, under the interference constraints is formulated as an optimization problem. However, traditional optimization methods may not be suitable for NGSO satellite coexistence scenarios due to the fast movements of NGSO satellites. In order to address this problem, the optimization problem is transformed into two subproblems, and a Jensen's Inequality‐based Fast Iteration (JI‐FI) algorithm is designed to solve both of them iteratively. Simulation results show that the interference can be effectively reduced to the value below the threshold and beam and power resources can be allocated simultaneously by adopting the proposed algorithm. Compared with the traditional methods, the proposed scheme can significantly improve the system capacity by more than 25%, and it can greatly reduce the computational complexity.
Yet another star in the Albireo system
Authors: Jack D. , Schröder K.-P. , Mittag M. , Bastian U.
Published: March 2022

Context. Albireo is a well-known bright visual double star. It is still unclear if the components A and B form a gravitationally bound system. The component Albireo A is itself a binary star. The orbital parameters of the Albireo Aa, Ac system have been determined only recently. Thus, Albireo is still of interest for current research.

Aims. We aim to present evidence for the detection of a new member in the Albireo system. Furthermore, we aim to determine the orbital parameters and to find further conclusions for the Albireo system.

Methods. We used spectroscopic observations of Albireo A obtained with the TIGRE telescope and determined the radial velocities during a period of over three years. We analyzed the radial velocity curve with RadVel to determine the orbital parameters. In addition, we determined the stellar parameters of Albireo Aa with iSpec.

Results. We found clear evidence for yet another star in the Albireo system orbiting Albireo Aa with a period of about P = 371 days. Several alternative explanations for the periodic radial velocity signal could be discarded. The new companion Albireo Ad is a low mass star of about 0.085 M⊙.

Conclusions. We conclude that Albireo is a hierarchical multiple star system and remains an interesting object for future observations and studies.
Monotone discretization of the Monge–Ampère equation of optimal transport
Authors: Bonnet Guillaume , Mirebeau Jean-Marie
Published: March 2022

We design a monotone finite difference discretization of the second boundary value problem for the Monge–Ampère equation, whose main application is optimal transport. We prove the existence of solutions to a class of monotone numerical schemes for degenerate elliptic equations whose sets of solutions are stable by addition of a constant, and we show that the scheme that we introduce for the Monge–Ampère equation belongs to this class. We prove the convergence of this scheme, although only in the setting of quadratic optimal transport. The scheme is based on a reformulation of the Monge–Ampère operator as a maximum of semilinear operators. In dimension two, we recommend to use Selling’s formula, a tool originating from low-dimensional lattice geometry, in order to choose the parameters of the discretization. We show that this approach yields a closed-form formula for the maximum that appears in the discretized operator, which allows the scheme to be solved particularly efficiently. We present some numerical results that we obtained by applying the scheme to quadratic optimal transport problems as well as to the far field refractor problem in nonimaging optics.
Adipositas und Typ-2-Diabetes im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Pappa Angeliki
Published: March 2022

Übergewicht, Adipositas und die assoziierten Folgeerkrankungen sind ein ernstzunehmendes Problem für die Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Bereits jetzt ist jedes 6. Kind in Deutschland übergewichtig oder adipös. Die Folgen sind häufig Leid für die Betroffenen und ihre Familien und Belastungen für das Gesundheitssystem durch nachfolgende Krankheiten wie Bluthochdruck, metabolisches Syndrom auch mit Fettlebererkrankung und Typ-2-Diabetes. Auf diese Entwicklung wirkte die Corona-Pandemie unter mehreren Aspekten als Beschleuniger.
Möglichkeiten der Adipositastherapie in Deutschland
Authors: Holzapfel Christina
Published: March 2022

Adipositas ist eine der größten gesamtgesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen mit vielen Begleit- und Folgeerkrankungen. Voraussetzung für eine Gewichtsreduktion ist eine negative Energiebilanz, d. h. Menschen verbrauchen mehr Energie, als sie über Nahrungsmittel und Getränke zu sich nehmen. Im deutschen Gesundheitssystem ist Adipositas nicht als Erkrankung anerkannt. Es ist daher dringend nötig, Strukturen zu schaffen, die die Therapie verbessern und den Betroffenen den Zugang zu einem gesundheitsförderlichen Lebensstil erleichtern.
Chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankungen
Authors: Atreya Raja , Neurath Markus Friedrich
Published: March 2022

Was ist neu?

Chirurgische Therapie Die Auswertung von Langzeitdaten bestätigt die Gleichwertigkeit der primär chirurgischen vs. medikamentösen (Infliximab) Therapie bei Morbus-Crohn-Patienten mit isoliertem Ileozökalbefall.

Neu zugelassene und sich in später klinischer Entwicklung befindliche Therapien Der selektive JAK-1-Inhibitor Filgotinib ist kürzlich zur Behandlung von Colitis-ulcerosa-Patienten mit mittelschwerer bis schwerer Aktivität zugelassen worden, welche auf eine konventionelle oder biologische Therapie nicht angesprochen haben. Weiterhin ist der S1P-Rezeptor-Modulator Ozanimod, welcher den Abstrom von Lymphozyten aus dem Lymphknoten verhindert, ebenfalls zur Behandlung der genannten Colitis-ulcerosa-Patienten zugelassen worden. Der S1P-Rezeptor-Modulator Etrasimod wird aktuell in einer klinischen Phase-3-Studie bei Colitis ulcerosa getestet und der selektive JAK-1-Inhibitor Upadacitinib dürfte nächstes Jahr bei Colitis ulcerosa zugelassen werden. Zahlreiche IL-23p19-Inhibitoren befinden sich in fortgeschrittenen Studienphasen (Guselkumab, Mirikizumab, Brazikumab) bzw. haben diese bereits beendet (Risankizumab). Deren Zulassung ist zeitnah zu erwarten. Der lokal applizierbare Toll-like-Rezeptor-9-Agonist Cobitolimod könnte zukünftig eine lokal applizierbare Therapieoption bei Patienten mit linksseitiger Colitis ulcerosa darstellen.

Zukünftige therapeutische Herausforderungen Die Positionierung der bereits vorhandenen und zukünftigen Therapieoptionen in unseren Therapiealgorithmus muss noch definiert werden. Hierbei können wir auf Ergebnisse erster Head-to-Head-Studien zurückgreifen und sollten darüber hinaus bei jedem Patienten individuelle Faktoren berücksichtigen. Noch immer fehlen Prädiktoren für die Vorhersage des individuellen Therapieansprechens.
Arthrose – neue therapeutische Ansätze
Authors: Krasselt Marco , Baerwald Christoph
Published: March 2022

Was ist neu?

Epidemiologie und pathophysiologische Aspekte Die Arthrose ist eine sehr häufige Erkrankung, deren Prävalenz aufgrund der älter werdenden Gesellschaft weiter zunehmen wird. Pathogenetisch sind neben dem Alter auch Traumata, Fehlbelastungen und Übergewicht Risikofaktoren. In den Fokus gerückt sind in den letzten Jahren sowohl die Zellalterung (Seneszenz), als auch das Übergewicht. Beide Risikofaktoren können – unabhängig von einer rein mechanischen Betrachtungsweise – eine Inflammation im Gelenk begünstigen: sowohl seneszente Chondrozyten als auch Adipozyten können vermehrt inflammatorische Zytokine produzieren.

Therapie Neben der Aufklärung über die Natur und den Verlauf der Erkrankung bilden vor allem körperliche Aktivität und eine Gewichtsreduktion die Eckpfeiler der Therapie. Schmerztherapeutisch können NSAR empfohlen werden, allerdings sind hier die im Alltag sehr häufigen Kontraindikationen zu beachten. Alternativ können Paracetamol oder niedrigpotente Opioide wie z. B. Tramadol erwogen werden. Topische NSAR-Formulierungen und intraartikuläre Glukokortikoidgaben können insbesondere bei der Gonarthrose zu einer Schmerzreduktion beitragen. Für Nahrungsergänzungsmittel mit Chondroitin oder Glycosaminoglycane kann weiterhin keine generelle Empfehlung gegeben werden, sie sollten allenfalls begleitend zum Einsatz kommen. Mit der aktuellen Nichtzulassung des Nerve-Growth-Factor-(NGF)-Antikörpers Tanezumab sind neue medikamentöse Ansätze wieder in die Ferne gerückt. Leider sind auch die Ergebnisse der Phase II-Studie zum Wnt-Inhibitor Lorecivivint wenig ermutigend; hier stehen allerdings die Daten der Phase-III-Studie noch aus.
Neues aus dem Beirat der korporativen Mitglieder
Authors: Steinhoff Barbara
Published: March 2022

Der Beirat der korporativen Mitglieder der GPT tagte am 11. November 2021 in Form
einer Videokonferenz unter der Leitung seines Vorsitzenden Dr. Stephan
Köhler, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG.
Die Zinkhomöostase von Pseudomonas aeruginosa als
potenzielles Target für virulenzmindernde Wirkstoffe – Konzept
und Screening von Naturstoffen
Authors: Jacobtorweihen Joshua , Spiegler Verena
Published: March 2022

Das gramnegative Bakterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa ist für eine
Vielzahl schwerer nosokomialer Infektionen verantwortlich und besitzt eine oftmals
hohe Resistenz gegen gängige Antibiotika. Um die Resistenzentwicklung zu
vermindern, besteht ein Ansatz der antibakteriellen Wirkstoffentwicklung darin,
antivirulente Substanzen zu ermitteln, welche das Infektionsgeschehen im Wirt
verringern. Zu den Virulenzfaktoren zählen beispielsweise Proteine zur
Adhäsion des Bakteriums an die Wirtszelle, zur Invasion in die Zelle oder
auch die Sekretion von zelltoxischen Substanzen.

Die Aufnahmeeffizienz des physiologisch wichtigen Kations Zink(II) hat Einfluss auf
verschiedene bakterielle Virulenzfaktoren, wie beispielsweise die Biofilmbildung.
Außerdem spielen Zink und andere Spurenelemente eine wichtige Rolle
für das Bakterienwachstum im Wirt, der seinerseits versucht, deren
Verfügbarkeit zu minimieren. Dieser Teil der Pathogen-Wirt-Interaktionen
wurde erst vor wenigen Jahren entdeckt und stellt daher einen neuen und
vielversprechenden Ansatzpunkt zur Testung neuer Wirkstoffe dar. Aufgrund des
Zusammenhangs von Metallaufnahme, Virulenz und Proliferation lassen sich Effekte auf
die Schwermetallaufnahme mittels Proliferationsassays an Bakterien einfach in
Screenings mit einer großen Anzahl an Substanzen umsetzen. Im Anschluss an
ein primäres Screening müssen die erhaltenen Hits weiter untersucht
und ihre Wirkweise charakterisiert werden. Im besten Fall lassen sich so Substanzen
entdecken, die spezifisch die bakterielle Zinkhomöostase hemmen.

Auf diese Weise wurde von uns ein Screening einer kleinen Naturstoffbibliothek
durchgeführt, in dem sich einige primäre Hits identifizieren
ließen, die schließlich jedoch keine zinkabhängige Wirkung
auf die Proliferation besaßen. Um einen vollständigeren
Überblick über die methodologischen Ansätze und
Erfolgsaussichten solcher Screenings zu geben, werden in diesem Artikel neben dem
von uns durchgeführten Proliferationsscreening an P. aeruginosa auch
drei in der Literatur beschriebene Screenings genauer beleuchtet.
Das Mikrobiom und die Pflanzen
Authors: Schwiertz Andreas
Published: March 2022

Der Mensch ist, was er isst, sagen viele Ernährungsforscher und verbinden
diese Weisheit mit dem Hinweis auf unsere Darmmikrobiota. Denn deren
Zusammensetzung wird hauptsächlich davon bestimmt, welche Nahrungsmittel
wir zu uns nehmen. Und hier spielen die pflanzlichen Komponenten eine
signifikante Rolle.

Zahlreiche Erkrankungen werden mittlerweile mit einer veränderten
Darmmikrobiota in Verbindung gebracht. Da die Ernährung eine wichtige
Rolle bei der Ausprägung der individuellen Mikrobiota hat, liegt es
nahe, die Zusammenhänge von mikrobieller Besiedlung und pflanzlichen
Ernährungseinflüssen zu betrachten, um mögliche
therapeutische Ansätze zu finden.
Characterization of the Saddle Nose Deformity Following Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Anstadt Erin E. , Chen Wendy , O'Brien James , Ickow Ilana , Chow Ian , Bruce Madeleine K. , Goldstein Jesse A. , Branstetter IV Barton F. , Snyderman Carl , Wang Eric W. , Gardner Paul , Schuster Lindsay
Published: March 2022

Objective The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is commonly employed in skull base surgery for neoplasm resection. While nasal deformity following EEA is described, this study aimed to perform a detailed qualitative and quantitative assessment of the associated saddle nose deformity (SND) in particular.

Setting/Participants This is a retrospective review of 20 adult patients with SND after EEA for resection of skull base tumors over a 5-year period at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.

Main Outcome Measures Fifteen measurements related to SND were obtained on pre- and postoperative imaging. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate differences between pre- and postoperative anatomies.

Results The most common EEA was transsellar. Reconstruction techniques included nine free mucosal grafts alone, eight vascularized nasoseptal flaps (NSFs), one combined free mucosal graft/abdominal fat graft, and one combined NSF/fascia lata graft. Imaging analysis showed a trend toward loss of mean nasal height, nasal tip projection, and nasolabial angle postoperatively. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with NSF reconstruction had a significantly decreased nasal tip projection (1.2 mm, p = 0.039) and increased alar base width (1.2 mm, p = 0.046) postoperatively. Patients without functional pituitary microadenomas demonstrated significantly increased nasofrontal angle and decreased nasal tip projection on postoperative imaging, in contrast to those with functional adenomas who had no measurable significant changes.

Conclusion Clinically evident SND does not always lead to significant radiographic changes. This analysis suggests that patients who undergo surgery for indications other than functional pituitary microadenomas or who receive NSF reconstruction develop more marked SND on standard imaging tests.