bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Unifying Mathematical Framework for Genetic Robustness, Environmental Robustness, Network Robustness and their Tradeoff on Phenotype Robustness in Biological Networks Part II: Ecological Networks
Authors: Chen Bor-Sen , Lin Ying-Po
Published: February 2013

In ecological networks, network robustness should be large enough to confer intrinsic robustness for tolerating intrinsic parameter fluctuations, as well as environmental robustness for resisting environmental disturbances, so that the phenotype stability of ecological networks can be maintained, thus guaranteeing phenotype robustness. However, it is difficult to analyze the network robustness of ecological systems because they are complex nonlinear partial differential stochastic systems. This paper develops a unifying mathematical framework for investigating the principles of both robust stabilization and environmental disturbance sensitivity in ecological networks. We found that the phenotype robustness criterion for ecological networks is that if intrinsic robustness + environmental robustness ≤ network robustness, then the phenotype robustness can be maintained in spite of intrinsic parameter fluctuations and environmental disturbances. These results in robust ecological networks are similar to that in robust gene regulatory networks and evolutionary networks even they have different spatial-time scales.
Reduction of Aedes aegypti Vector Competence for Dengue Virus under Large Temperature Fluctuations
Authors: Carrington Lauren B. , Seifert Stephanie N. , Armijos M. Veronica , Lambrechts Louis , Scott Thomas W.
Published: February 2013

Diurnal temperature fluctuations can fundamentally alter mosquito biology and mosquito-virus interactions in ways that impact pathogen transmission. We investigated the effect of two daily fluctuating temperature profiles on Aedes aegypti vector competence for dengue virus (DENV) serotype-1. A large diurnal temperature range of 18.6°C around a 26°C mean, corresponding with the low DENV transmission season in northwestern Thailand, reduced midgut infection rates and tended to extend the virus extrinsic incubation period. Dissemination was first observed at day 7 under small fluctuations (7.6°C; corresponding with high DENV transmission) and constant control temperature, but not until Day 11 for the large diurnal temperature range. Results indicate that female Ae. aegypti in northwest Thailand are less likely to transmit DENV during the low than high transmission season because of reduced DENV susceptibility and extended virus extrinsic incubation period. Better understanding of DENV transmission dynamics will come with improved knowledge of temperature effects on mosquito-virus interactions.
Performance of diethylene glycol based particle counters in the sub 3 nm size range
Authors: Wimmer D. , Lehtipalo K. , Franchin A. , Kangasluoma J. , Kreissl F. , Kürten A. , Kupc A. , Metzger A. , Mikkilä J. , Petäjä T. , Riccobono F. , Vanhanen J. , Kulmala M. , Curtius J.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. When studying new particle formation, the uncertainty in determining the "true" nucleation rate is considerably reduced when using Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) capable of measuring concentrations of aerosol particles at sizes close to or even at the critical cluster size (1–2 nm). Recently CPCs, able to reliably detect particles below 2 nm in size and even close to 1 nm became available. The corrections needed to calculate nucleation rates are substantially reduced compared to scaling the observed formation rate to the nucleation rate at the critical cluster size. However, this improved instrumentation requires a careful characterization of their cut-off size and the shape of the detection efficiency curve because relatively small shifts in the cut-off size can translate into larger relative errors when measuring particles close to the cut-off size. Here we describe the development of two continuous flow CPCs using diethylene glycol (DEG) as the working fluid. The design is based on two TSI 3776 counters. Several sets of measurements to characterize their performance at different temperature settings were carried out. Furthermore two mixing-type Particle Size Magnifiers (PSM) A09 from Airmodus were characterized in parallel. One PSM was operated at the highest mixing ratio (1 L min−1 saturator flow), and the other was operated in a scanning mode, where the mixing ratios are changed periodically, resulting in a range of cut-off sizes. Different test aerosols were generated using a nano-Differential Mobility Analyzer (nano-DMA) or a high resolution DMA, to obtain detection efficiency curves for all four CPCs. One calibration setup included a high resolution mass spectrometer (APi-TOF) for the determination of the chemical composition of the generated clusters. The lowest cut-off sizes were achieved with negatively charged ammonium sulphate clusters, resulting in cut-offs of 1.4 nm for the laminar flow CPCs and 1.2 and 1.1 nm for the PSMs. A comparison of one of the laminar-flow CPCs and one of the PSMs measuring ambient and laboratory air showed good agreement between the instruments.
Comparison of soil greenhouse gas fluxes from extensive and intensive grazing in a temperate maritime climate
Authors: Skiba U. , Jones S. K. , Drewer J. , Helfter C. , Anderson M. , Dinsmore K. , McKenzie R. , Nemitz E. , Sutton M. A.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from a seminatural, extensively sheep-grazed drained moorland and intensively sheep-grazed fertilised grassland in South East (SE) Scotland were compared over 4 yr (2007–2010). Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes were measured by static chambers, respiration from soil plus ground vegetation by a flow-through chamber, and the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) by eddy-covariance. All GHG fluxes displayed high temporal and interannual variability. Temperature, radiation, water table height and precipitation could explain a significant percentage of seasonal and interannual variations. Greenhouse gas fluxes were dominated by the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 at both sites. Net ecosystem exchange of CO2 and respiration was much larger on the productive fertilised grassland (−1567 and 7157 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1, respectively) than on the seminatural moorland (−267 and 2554 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1, respectively). Large ruminant CH4 (147 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1) and soil N2O (384 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1) losses from the grazed grassland counteracted the CO2 uptake by 34%, whereas the small N2O (0.8 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1) and CH4 (7 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1) emissions from the moorland only impacted the NEE flux by 3%. The 4-yr average GHG budget for the grazed grassland was −1034 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1 and −260 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1 for the moorland.
Continuing 137Cs release to the sea from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant through 2012
Authors: Kanda J.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Rate of cesium-137 (137Cs) release to the sea from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant was estimated until September 2012. Based on publicly released data of 137Cs in seawater near the power plant by Tokyo Electric Power Company, a continuing release of radionuclides to the sea is strongly suggested. The plant has an artificial harbour facility, and the exchange rate of harbour water with surrounding seawater was estimated by decrease of radioactivity immediately after an intense event of radioactive water release. The estimated exchange rate of water in the harbour is 0.44 day−1 during the period from 6 to 19 April 2011. 137Cs radioactivity of the harbour water is substantially higher than seawater outside and remained relatively stable after June 2011. A quasi-steady state was assumed with continuous water exchange, and an average release rate of 137Cs was estimated to be 93 GBq day−1 in summer 2011 and 8.1 GBq day−1 in summer 2012.
Detecting hotspots of atmosphere–vegetation interaction via slowing down – Part 1: A stochastic approach
Authors: Bathiany S. , Claussen M. , Fraedrich K.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. An analysis of so-called early warning signals (EWS) is proposed to identify the spatial origin of a sudden transition that results from a loss in stability of a current state. EWS, such as rising variance and autocorrelation, can be indicators of an increased relaxation time (slowing down). One particular problem of EWS-based predictions is the requirement of sufficiently long time series. Spatial EWS have been suggested to alleviate this problem by combining different observations from the same time. However, the benefit of EWS has only been shown in idealised systems of predefined spatial extent. In a more general context like a complex climate system model, the critical subsystem that exhibits a loss in stability (hotspot) and the critical mode of the transition may be unknown. In this study we document this problem with a simple stochastic model of atmosphere–vegetation interaction where EWS at individual grid cells are not always detectable before a vegetation collapse as the local loss in stability can be small. However, we suggest that EWS can be applied as a diagnostic tool to find the hotspot of a sudden transition and to distinguish this hotspot from regions experiencing an induced tipping. For this purpose we present a scheme which identifies a hotspot as a certain combination of grid cells which maximise an EWS. The method can provide information on the causality of sudden transitions and may help to improve the knowledge on the susceptibility of climate models and other systems.
An Introduction to Biomaterials in Urology
Authors: D'Addessi Alessandro , Vittori Matteo , Sacco Emilio
Published: February 2013

Aim of this paper is to provide a brief introduction on the biomaterials used in urology, discussing issues of biocompatibility and biomaterials available for use. Information will moreover be provided on basic elements of Tissue engineering and Regenerative medicine, rapidly advancing technologies that could finally shift in the next future from the laboratory to clinical practice, with special interest to possible urological applications.
Two Cases of Retroperitoneal Metastasis from a Completely Regressed Burned-Out Testicular Cancer
Authors: Gurioli Alberto , Oderda Marco , Vigna Dario , Peraldo Francesca , Giona Simone , Soria Francesco , Cassenti Adele , Pacchioni Donatella , Gontero Paolo
Published: February 2013

Introduction

Primary extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCT) are rare and it is still a matter of debate if they have to be considered as primary extragonadal issues or metastases from a primary testicular neoplasm. We describe two cases of the so-called burned-out seminoma, a primary testicular germ-cell tumor that spontaneously regressed after demonstration of retroperitoneal metastases.

Cases Presentation

Two patients (35 and 50 years old, respectively) presented with CT findings of retroperitoneal masses. In both cases physical examination of the testis was not suspicious, and only scrotal ultrasound (SUS) showed parenchymal alterations such as scarring, calcifications and nodular lesions. Left orchiectomy and chemotherapy were then performed in both cases. Currently, they are both free of disease.

Conclusions

Although primary germ cell tumors may be of retroperitoneal origin, the likelihood of metastasis from a testicular primary origin should always be carefully considered in order to avoid misdiagnosis and to apply the best treatment schedule for the patients. Therefore, a testicular ultrasonography is mandatory in patients presenting CT findings of retroperitoneal adenopathy, even if patients are completely asymptomatic and their physical examination appears normal.
Factors Associated with Antibiotic Prescribing in Children with Otitis Media
Authors: Ryborg Christina T. , Søndergaard Jens , Lous Jørgen , Munck Anders , Larsen Pia V. , Hansen Malene Plejdrup , Thomsen Janus Laust
Published: February 2013

Background. Acute otitis media (AOM) is often treated with antibiotics. However, initial observation is recommended. Denmark has a low use of antibiotics compared with other countries, but the total use of antibiotics has increased by 32% during the last decade, and it is important to know whether general practitioners (GPs) prescribe antibiotics according to guidelines. Objective. The aim of the study was to analyse associations between GPs' antibiotic prescribing for AOM and symptoms, diagnoses, and characteristics of children. Methods. A cohort study where GPs consecutively included 954 children between 0 and 7 years old with a new ear symptom was carried out. The GPs registered symptoms, results of otoscopy and tympanometry, together with diagnosis and treatment. Results. Fever with and without earache was statistically associated with prescribing antibiotics, and it applies to both children up to two years of age (OR: 5.89 (confidence interval (CI): 2.62–13.21) and OR: 8.13 (CI: 4.61–14.32)) and children older than two years of age (OR: 4.59 (CI: 2.55–8.25) and OR: 19.45 (CI: 6.38–59.24)). A red tympanic membrane was statistically associated with the prescribing antibiotics in both age groups (0–2 years: OR: 4.73 (CI: 2.52–8.86) and >2–7 years: OR: 3.76 (CI: 2.13–6.64)). A flat tympanometry curve was only statistically associated with prescribing antibiotics in the oldest children (OR: 2.42 (CI: 1.17–5.00)). Conclusion. This study indicates that GPs to a large degree prescribe antibiotics appropriately according to guidelines.
"The Old Vines Are Buried Deep": Classical Motifs in John Frankenheimer’sSeconds
Authors: Easton Sean
Published: February 2013

John Frankenheimer’s Seconds (1966) is the story of a middle-aged banker who abandons family and career, purchasing from the secretive Company a new identity, vocation and surgically altered youthful appearance. The rejuvenated banker hopes to find fulfillment in his life, but learns to his cost that the Company has little success in adjusting clients to their new identities. The film’s points of contact with the classical world, when taken together, frame the main character as a candidate for sacred knowledge who instead becomes a pharmakos, or scapegoat, for the Company.
Racial Differences in Blood Lipids Lead to Underestimation of Cardiovascular Risk in Black Women in a Nested Observational Study
Authors: Mcintosh Mark S. , Kumar Vivek , Kalynych Colleen , Lott Michelle , Chang Jyh-Lurn , Lerman Robert H.
Published: February 2013

Background:

During screening for enrollment in a clinical trial, we noticed potential racial disparities in metabolic syndrome variables in women who responded to our study advertisement. We designed a nested observational study to investigate whether metabolic syndrome variables differed between non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites.

Methods:

The cohort comprised of women who have met the preliminary clinical trial criteria (body mass index [BMI] 25—45, age 20—75 years, and no use of lipid-lowering medications or supplements). These women, including 116 blacks and 138 whites, provided fasting blood samples for analysis of serum lipid profile.

Results:

Blacks had lower mean triglycerides (81.1 ± 3.3 mg/dL vs 140.6 ± 5.9 mg/dL; P < .0001), total cholesterol (176.1 ± 3.6 mg/dL vs 201.6 ± 3.3 mg/dL; P < .0001), and low-density lipoprotein (111.7 ± 3.3 mg/dL vs 128.2 ± 2.9 mg/dL; P < .001) and higher mean BMI (37.2 ± 0.5 vs 35.2 ± 0.5; P < .01) and diastolic blood pressure (82.4 ± 0.8 mmHg vs 79.4 ± 0.7 mmHg; P < .01) than whites. Only 7% of blacks, compared with 41% of whites, had triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL; as a result, fewer black women met metabolic syndrome criteria than white women. Additionally, in women with waist circumference ≥88 cm (N = 215), high-density lipoprotein was higher in blacks than in whites (48.3 ± 1.5 mg/dL vs 44.2 ± 1.3 mg/dL; P < .05).

Conclusions:

Due to racial differences in blood lipids, current metabolic syndrome criteria may result in underestimation of cardiovascular risk in blacks.
Convergence of pontine and proprioceptive streams onto multimodal cerebellar granule cells
Authors: Huang Cheng-Chiu , Sugino Ken , Shima Yasuyuki , Guo Caiying , Bai Suxia , Mensh Brett D , Nelson Sacha B , Hantman Adam W
Published: February 2013

Cerebellar granule cells constitute the majority of neurons in the brain and are the primary conveyors of sensory and motor-related mossy fiber information to Purkinje cells. The functional capability of the cerebellum hinges on whether individual granule cells receive mossy fiber inputs from multiple precerebellar nuclei or are instead unimodal; this distinction is unresolved. Using cell-type-specific projection mapping with synaptic resolution, we observed the convergence of separate sensory (upper body proprioceptive) and basilar pontine pathways onto individual granule cells and mapped this convergence across cerebellar cortex. These findings inform the long-standing debate about the multimodality of mammalian granule cells and substantiate their associative capacity predicted in the Marr-Albus theory of cerebellar function. We also provide evidence that the convergent basilar pontine pathways carry corollary discharges from upper body motor cortical areas. Such merging of related corollary and sensory streams is a critical component of circuit models of predictive motor control.
Bidding the CpG island goodbye
Authors: Greally John M
Published: February 2013

Experiments on seven vertebrates suggest that identifying the locations of islands of non-methylated DNA provides more insights into evolutionarily-conserved epigenetic regulatory elements than studies of CpG islands.
Penentuan Rute Pengiriman Pupuk Urea Bersubsidi di Karanganyar
Authors: Priyandari Yusuf , . Yuniaristanto , Christiawan Yahuda Patria
Published: February 2013

This paper develops a vehicle routing problem (VRP) model for determining the routes in urea fertilizer distribution from a depot to retailers. The distribution is done in work days which uses trucks, each truck can serve more than one route (multiple trips), and each retailer has a time window. The vehicle routing model is built in a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and the objective function is minimizing total transportation cost. The distances from the distributor to retailers and inter-retailers do not use Euclidian approach but the road network on a digital map in order to make the route solution is more realistic. Historical distribution data was used to test the model. The result shows that the model can minimize the cost about 2.28% which is compared to the original routes.
Pemodelan Time Series Multivariat secara Automatis
Authors: Halim Siana , Chandra Arif
Published: February 2013

This research aims at establishing model of multivariate time series by means of econometric instruments. Four instruments in use are vector auto regressive (VAR), structural vector auto regressive (SVAR), vector error correction model (VECM), and structural vector error correction (SVEC). VAR and VECM are employed to estimate and construct models and, subsequently, predict the future values of an object. SVAR and SVEC serve to analyze innovative structures of a model. VAR and SVAR can be implemented only to stationary data whilst VECM and SVEC can be applied to non-stationary inputs. The identification and estimation of the model in this research are specifically designed by R software. Based on this software, all the aforestated models are conclusively able to identify dynamic relationship of endogenous variabel in a model well.
Base-Stock Level yang Meminimasi Biaya pada Permasalahan Single Order
Authors: Octavia Tanti , . Felecia , Natalia Grace
Published: February 2013

The purpose of this research is to conduct an analysis on demand characteristic and inventory cost which might potentially influence the determination of base-stock level. Appropriate base-stock level will determine the maximum profit and also reduce the stockout cost for fashion products which has high demand uncertainty and single order problem. Case study is applied on a garment company with eight fashion product types that can be classified into short and long lifetime. The effect of coefficient variation, salvage price and stockout cost is analyzed towards profits and base stock level. It can be concluded that demand variability does not affect base stock level, while stockout cost and salvage price does.
Model Pemangku Kepentingan dalam Keberhasilan Proyek
Authors: Chandra Herry Pintardi , . Indarto , Wiguna I Putu Artama , Kaming Peter F.
Published: February 2013

Stakeholder condition is particularly important to reach project success. The objective of this study is to investigate the stakeholder conditions which are suggested in three parts; stakeholder impact, stakeholder engagement, and stakeholder psychological empowerment on project success. The data obtained from a questionnaire survey administered to 197 respondents for initial research, 204 for main research, and 5 construction companies for validation research by using structural equation modeling (SEM) with program AMOS 16. The results indicated that stakeholder psychological empowerment applying of the ability to perform has a significant influence on project success measured by quality performance. On the other hand, stakeholder engagement reflected by engagement scope has no significant influence on project success
The Reduced Rank of Ensemble Kalman Filter to Estimate the Temperature of Non Isothermal Continue Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Apriliani Erna , Adzkiya Dieky , Baihaqi Arief
Published: February 2013

Kalman filter is an algorithm to estimate the state variable of dynamical stochastic system. The square root ensemble Kalman filter is an modification of Kalman filter. The square root ensemble Kalman filter is proposed to keep the computational stability and reduce the computational time. In this paper we study the efficiency of the reduced rank ensemble Kalman filter. We apply this algorithm to the non isothermal continue stirred tank reactor problem. We decompose the covariance of the ensemble estimation by using the singular value decomposition (the SVD), and then we reduced the rank of the diagonal matrix of those singular values. We make a simulation by using Matlab program. We took some the number of ensemble such as 100, 200 and 500. We compared the computational time and the accuracy between the square root ensemble Kalman filter and the ensemble Kalman filter. The reduced rank ensemble Kalman filter can’t be applied in this problem because the dimension of state variable is too less.
A Modeling of Multi-Echelon Suppliers’ Chain for Deteriorating Items
Authors: Yu Jonas , Widyadana G.A.
Published: February 2013

Inventory models for a policy of retail pricing and perishable items have been developed in many papers, but very few of the studies incorporate both of these effects. This study integrates the two conditions from a three-echelon supplier’s chain and offers a mathematical modeling for deteriorating inventory system with an optimal joint-cost policy. Exponentially deteriorating items with no shortages is assumed in this study. Two scenarios are considered. Scenario 1 assumed one supplier, one distributor and one retailer occurs at the regular inventory replenishment time, and scenario 2 assumes two suppliers, one distributor and two competitive retailers that to address this issue, we broaden the benchmark setting by letting the independent retailer channel be a duopoly. The mathematical model describes how the integrated approach to decision making can achieve global optimality as compared to independent decision by the suppliers, the distributor, and the retailers. A computer code is developed to derive the optimal solution. Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are given to validate the results of the system.
Integrasi Taguchi Loss Function dengan Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process dalam Pemilihan Pemasok
Authors: Indrapriyatna Ahmad S. , Meuthia Yumi , Fatrias Dicky , Gusti Monalisa
Published: February 2013

One important issue in the line production is the selection of the company's best supplier. Various criteria should be considered for determining the best supplier. Answering to that challenge, we apply Taguchi loss function- Analytical Hierarchy Process Fuzzy-Linear Programming (Taguchi loss function-Fuzzy AHP) to find out the best supplier. Moreover, we also consider multiple criteria, i.e., goods’ completeness, quality, delivery, and quality loss in that analysis. By maximizing the suppliers’ performances based on each criterion and aggregated the suppliers’ performances based on the overall criteria, we selected the best one. Applying this method for selecting the best pressure gauge’s supplier in PT. Coca Cola Bottling Indonesia Central Sumatera (PT. CCBICS), we found out that among three suppliers, the second supplier is the best one.
Mathematical Method for Predicting Nickel Deposit Based on Data from Drilling Points
Authors: Cahyono Edi , Rahardjo Sapto , Sani Asrul
Published: February 2013

In this article we discuss several methods for predicting nickel ore content inside the soil under a given area/region. The prediction is the main objective of the exploration activity which is very important for conducting the exploitation activity from economic point of view. The prediction methods are based on the data obtained from the drilling activity at several ‘points’. The data yields information on the nickel density at those points. Nickel density over the region is approximated (with an approximate function) by applying interpolation and/or extrapolation based on the data from those points. The nickel content is predicted by applying integral of the approximate function over the given region
Mengenal Data Ekstrim dan Distribusinya
Authors: Bisono Indriati
Published: February 2013

People adopt many definitions for extremes. One such definition is that extremes are simply the upper tail data. In this paper we briefly review the types of upper tail data, the limiting distribution of extreme values, the analysis and the model diagnostics. We also provide a simple example of fitting generalized extreme values (GEV) for climate extremes
Toward Modernization and Internationalization (M&I) of Higher Education Institution
Authors: Baskoro Gembong
Published: February 2013

Knowledege based economy will be a matter of time for Indonesia’s future competitiveness. Therefore, to get there, several basic requirements have to be early prepared. Among others, human capital is perhaps the most important requirement for a country to be able to develop an economic condition based on the capability and capacity of knowledge. Human capital is not just Indonesia concern, it is the concern of all countries. In fact, only some countries can create a condition for human capital to grow effectively and efficiently. Mostly, Higher Education Institution (HEI) or university is the main organization that has objective to develop human capital. The pupose of HEI is to develop academic and non-academic capability for student by mean of educating them with a structured curriculla. However, in today’s environmental condition even with similar curriculla, any HEI may ends up with different quality. From this point of view, this paper will discuss and elaborate further on a policy and strategy that enable a HEI can create a competitive education environment for student to grow up to their best competitive conditions.
Model Penilaian Risiko Berbasis Kinerja untuk Rantai Pasok Kelapa Sawit Berkelanjutan di Indonesia
Authors: Hadiguna Rika Ampuh
Published: February 2013

As the country's largest palm oil producer in the world, Indonesian palm oil production is still encounter political barriers or non-tariff economy of several countries. Sustainable development policies have a role to overcome these obstacles. The research problem is how to build policies through the performance based risk assessment for sustainable palm oil supply chain in Indonesia. The research objective is to recommend policies that supported by performance-based risk assessment models for sustainable palm oil supply chain in Indonesia. Performance-based risk assessment algorithms have been developed and verified in a comprehensive manner. Model verification is conducted by analyzing the performance of crude palm oil supply chain based on expert’s analysis. This study has obtained the necessary indicators to assess the risk based on performance of sustainable crude palm oil supply chain. Model application has shown that risk level of sustainable crude palm oil in Indonesia relating to economics, environmental, and social aspects are moderate, respectively. However, there are some indicators that need to be considered with the level of risk is quite high, namely demand rate, quality of palm oil, timelines of product delivery, availability of crude palm oil and bullwhip effect. This paper has recommended some policies to address those risks.
Pengembangan Model Simulasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Ikan Berkelanjutan
Authors: Purwaningsih Ratna , Widjaja Sjarief , Partiwi Sri Gunani
Published: February 2013

Stock assessment studies of Sardinella Lemuru Bali strait indicate overfishing. The growth of fishing vessel numbers result on fish biomass stock reduction. Sustainable fishery management in overfishing area can be done by limiting number of fishing effort. There are three kinds of methods approach on determine number of fishing effort and total allowed catch (1) Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY), (2) Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) and (3)Maximum Social Yield (MScY). Sustainable fishery has three main aspect as its indicators; ecology, economic and social. This research attempts to simulate three kinds of methods to the indicators of sustainable fishery (1) biomass fish stock as ecological aspect, (2) profit of purse seine fishing vessel as economical aspect and (3) numbers of fishers involved in the business of marine capture fishery represents social aspect. System dynamic method and powersim software are used in simulation model. Simulation output shows that fish biomass stock can be maintain in sustainable level by applied fishery policy. Limiting number of fishing effort create balancing between fish stock natural growth and fish harvest. This policy starts to apply on year 2010 in simulation model and run until 2030 to forecast future condition of fish biomass stock.
Model Optimisasi Multiobjektif untuk Masalah Alokasi Penggunaan Lahan dengan Menggunakan Analisis Data Spasial
Authors: Chaerani Diah , Ruchjana Budi Nurani , Wilhelmina Vivian
Published: February 2013

A good land-use allocation is an important effort to create a safe urban space, comfortable, productive, and sustainable. This is as stipulated in UU RI No. 26 of 2007 regarding spatial planning in Indonesia. Therefore the optimization on allocation land use is important to do. In this paper we present a different approach to solve the land-use allocation problem, i.e,, by using multiobjective optimization, branch and bound methods and generating spatial data analysis via uniformly weighted matrix. In this problem, the objective function is to maximize the total density index and total comprehensive index of the land-use types. An illustrative data that refer to Region Regulation for Bandung No. 09 of 2009 is presented.
Perancangan Fasilitas Kerja untuk Mereduksi Human Error
Authors: Nasution Harmein , . Nazlina
Published: February 2013

Work equipments and environment which are not design ergonomically can cause physical exhaustion to the workers. As a result of that physical exhaustion, many defects in the production lines can happen due to human error and also cause musculoskeletal complaints. To overcome, those effects, we occupied methods for analyzing the workers posture based on the SNQ (Standard Nordic Questionnaire), plibel, QEC (Quick Exposure Check) and biomechanism. Moreover, we applied those methods for designing rolling machines and grip egrek ergono-mically, so that the defects on those production lines can be minimized.
Validation of the Pediatric Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics in childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Brunner Hermine I. , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa S. , Zelko Frank , Thomas Erin C. , Hummel Jessica , Nelson Shannen M. , Huggins Jennifer , Curran Megan L. , Roebuck‐Spencer Tresa , Beebe Dean W. , Ying Jun
Published: February 2013

Objective

To evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the Pediatric Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (Ped‐ANAM) when used in childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE).

Methods

Forty children with cSLE and 40 matched controls were followed for up to 18 months. Formal neuropsychological testing at baseline was repeated after 18 months of followup; overall cognitive performance and domain‐specific cognition (attention, working memory, processing speed, and visuoconstructional ability) were measured and categorized as normal cognition, mild/moderate, or moderate/severe impairment. The 10 Ped‐ANAM subtests were completed every 6 months and twice at baseline. Ped‐ANAM performance was based on accuracy (AC), mean time to correct response (MNc), throughput, and coefficient of variation of the time required for a correct response (CVc) as a measure of response consistency.

Results

Particularly, MNc scores demonstrated moderate to substantial reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficients 0.47–0.80). Means of select Ped‐ANAM scores (MNc, AC, CVc) differed significantly between children with different levels of cognitive performance and allowed for the detection of moderate or severe cognitive impairment with 100% sensitivity and 86% specificity. Six Ped‐ANAM subtests significantly correlated with the change in overall cognitive function in cSLE (baseline versus 18 months; Spearman's correlation coefficient >0.4, P < 0.05; n = 24).

Conclusion

The Ped‐ANAM has moderate to substantial reproducibility, criterion and construct validity, and may be responsive to change in cSLE. Additional research is required to confirm the outstanding accuracy of the Ped‐ANAM in identifying cognitive impairment, as well as its usefulness in detecting clinically relevant changes in cognition over time.
Improving Graphene Diffusion Barriers via Stacking Multiple Layers and Grain Size Engineering
Authors: Roy Susmit Singha , Arnold Michael S.
Published: February 2013

It is shown that the performance of graphene diffusion barriers can be enhanced by stacking multiple layers of graphene and increasing grain size. The focus is on large‐area barriers of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in the context of passivating an underlying Cu substrate from oxidation in air at 200 °C and use imaging Raman spectroscopy as a tool to temporally and spatially map the barrier performance and to guide barrier design. At 200 °C in air, Cu oxidation proceeds in multiple regimes: first slowly via transport through atomic‐scale grain boundary defects inherent to CVD‐graphene and then more rapidly as the graphene itself degrades and new defects are formed. In the initial regime, the graphene passivates better than previously reported. Whereas oxidation through single sheets primarily occurs through grain boundaries, oxidation through multiple sheets is spatially confined to their intersection. Performance further increases with grain‐size. The degradation of the graphene itself at 200 °C ultimately limits high temperature but suggests superior low temperature barrier performance. This study is expected to improve the understanding of mass transport through CVD‐graphene materials and lead to improved large area graphene materials for barrier applications.
Achieving High Efficiency and Improved Stability in ITO‐Free Transparent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Conductive Polymer Electrodes
Authors: Kim Yong Hyun , Lee Jonghee , Hofmann Simone , Gather Malte C. , Müller‐Meskamp Lars , Leo Karl
Published: February 2013

Efficient transparent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with improved stability based on conductive, transparent poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes are reported. Based on optical simulations, the device structures are carefully optimized by tuning the thickness of doped transport layers and electrodes. As a result, the performance of PEDOT:PSS‐based OLEDs reaches that of indium tin oxide (ITO)‐based reference devices. The efficiency and the long‐term stability of PEDOT:PSS‐based OLEDs are significantly improved. The structure engineering demonstrated in this study greatly enhances the overall performances of ITO‐free transparent OLEDs in terms of efficiency, lifetime, and transmittance. These results indicate that PEDOT:PSS‐based OLEDs have a promising future for practical applications in low‐cost and flexible device manufacturing.
Development of Self‐Assembling Mixed Protein Micelles with Temperature‐Modulated Avidities
Authors: Soon Allyson S. C. , Smith Michael H. , Herman Emily S. , Lyon L. Andrew , Barker Thomas H.
Published: February 2013

Elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) are polypentapeptides that undergo hydrophobic collapse and aggregation above a specific transition temperature, Tt. ELP diblocks sharing a common “core” block (I60) but varying “outer” blocks (A80, P40) were designed, where Tt,I < Tt,A < Tt,P. The formation of ∼55 nm diameter mixed micelles from these ELP diblocks was verified using dynamic light scattering (DLS), multiangle light scattering (MALS) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). To confer affinity to the blood circulating protein fibrinogen, a fibrinogen‐binding tetrapeptide sequence (GPRP) was fused to A80‐I60, while P40‐I60 was fused to a non‐binding control (GPSP). The self‐assembling, peptide‐displaying, mixed micelles exhibit temperature‐modulated avidities for immobilized and soluble fibrinogen at 32 °C and 42 °C. In this initial proof‐of‐concept design, the engineered mixed micelles were shown to disengage fibrinogen at elevated temperatures. The modular nature of this system can be used for developing in vivo depot systems that will only be triggered to release in situ upon specific stimuli.
Predictive factors for successful imatinib cessation in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib
Authors: Lee Sung‐Eun , Choi Soo Young , Bang Ju‐Hee , Kim Soo‐Hyun , Jang Eun‐jung , Byeun Ji‐Young , Park Jin‐Eok , Jeon Hye‐Rim , Oh Yun Jeong , Kim Hyeoung‐Joon , Kim Yeo‐Kyeoung , Park Joon Seong , Jeong Seong Hyun , Kim Sung‐Hyun , Zang Dae Young , Oh Sukjoong , Koo Dong Hoe , Kim Hawk , Do Young Rok , Kwak Jae‐Yong , Kim Jeong‐A , Kim Dae‐Young , Mun Yeung‐Chul , Mauro Michael J. , Kim Dong‐Wook
Published: February 2013

Although recent studies have suggested that cessation of imatinib (IM) in chronic myeloid leukemia patients can be associated with sustained response, further validation is needed to explore predictive factors. In a prospective, multicenter study, chronic phase patients were eligible for cessation of IM therapy after more than 3 years if they had no detectable BCR‐ABL1 transcript for at least 2 years. A total of 48 patients with a median age of 47 years (19–74 years) were enrolled. Twenty patients received IM for post‐transplant relapse. After a median follow‐up of 15.8 months (1.4–28.2 months) after IM discontinuation, nine of the non‐transplant group lost undetectable molecular residual disease (UMRD) and major molecular response (MMR), whereas none of the 20 patients in the transplant group experienced UMRD loss. Probabilities for sustained MMR and UMRD were 64.4% and 66.3% in the non‐transplant group, respectively. Of nine patients re‐treated with IM, eight patients re‐achieved MMR at a median of 1.7 months (0.9–2.8 months). Seven of these patients re‐achieved UMRD at a median of 5.6 months (2.8–12.1 months). Previous transplantation, IM duration, and UMRD duration were significantly associated with sustained molecular responses. Our data strongly suggest that immunological control contributes to sustained suppression of residual leukemia cell expansion and that IM can be safely discontinued in patients with post‐transplant relapse. Am. J. Hematol. 88:449–454, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Induction of autophagy by Imatinib sequesters Bcr‐Abl in autophagosomes and down‐regulates Bcr‐Abl protein
Authors: Elzinga Baukje M. , Nyhan Michelle J. , Crowley Lisa C. , O'Donovan Tracey R. , Cahill Mary R. , McKenna Sharon L.
Published: February 2013

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a disease of hematopoietic stem cells which harbor the chimeric gene Bcr‐Abl. Expression levels of this constitutively active tyrosine kinase are critical for response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment and also disease progression, yet the regulation of protein stability is poorly understood. We have previously demonstrated that imatinib can induce autophagy in Bcr‐Abl expressing cells. Autophagy has been associated with the clearance of large macromolecular signaling complexes and abnormal proteins, however, the contribution of autophagy to the turnover of Bcr‐Abl protein in imatinib treated cells is unknown. In this study, we show that following imatinib treatment, Bcr‐Abl is sequestered into vesicular structures that co‐localize with the autophagy marker LC3 or GABARAP. This association is inhibited by siRNA mediated knockdown of autophagy regulators (Beclin 1/ATG7). Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy also reduced Bcr‐Abl/LC3 co‐localization in both K562 and CML patient cells. Bcr‐Abl protein expression was reduced with imatinib treatment. Inhibition of both autophagy and proteasome activity in imatinib treated cells was required to restore Bcr‐Abl protein levels to those of untreated cells. This ability to down‐regulate Bcr‐Abl protein levels through the induction of autophagy may be an additional and important feature of the activity of imatinib. 88:455–462, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nano n‐propylsulfonated γ‐Al2O3: a new, efficient and reusable catalyst for synthesis of spiro[indoline‐3,4‐pyrazolo[3,4‐e][1,4]thiazepine]diones in aqueous media
Authors: Wu Li Qiang
Published: February 2013

Nano n‐propylsulfonated γ‐Al2O3 is easily prepared by the reaction of nano γ‐Al2O3 with 1,3‐propanesultone. This reagent can be used as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of spiro [indoline‐3,4‐pyrazolo[3,4‐e][1,4]thiazepine]diones in aqueous media. This new method consistently has the advantages of excellent yields and short reaction times. Further, the catalyst can be reused and recovered several times. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palladium‐catalyzed unstrained C(sp3)―N bond activation: the synthesis of N,N‐dimethylacetamide by carbonylation of trimethylamine
Authors: Mei Hui , Han Wenjia , Hu Jianglin , Xiao Se , Lei Yizhu , Zhang Rui , Mo Wanlin , Li Guangxing
Published: February 2013

This work describes a highly efficient unstrained C(sp3)―N bond activation approach for synthesis of N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) via catalytic carbonylation of trimethylamine using a PdCl2/bipy (bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridine)/Me4NI catalyst system. A low Pd catalyst dosage (1.0 mol%) is sufficient for high selectivity (98.1%) and yield (90.8%), with a turnover number (TON) of 90.0 mmol of DMAc obtained per mmol of PdCl2 employed under mild reaction conditions. The influence of reaction parameters such as catalyst precursor dosage, ligand type and promoter on activity is investigated. This work also discusses in detail the halide promoter's role in the reaction, and provides a plausible mechanism based on the intermediates methyl iodide and acetyl iodide. Analyses indicate that the carbonylation of trimethylamine may proceed through an active intermediate acetyl iodide formed by carbonylation of methyl iodide generated from the decomposition of the promoter Me4NI under reaction conditions. The formation of acetyl iodide favors the cleaving efficiency of the inert unstrained C(sp3)―N bond of trimethylamine. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Protective Effects of Novel Salidroside Analogues on Glucose and Serum Depletion Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells
Authors: Zhao Yahong , Ling Yong , Zhao Jing , Yuan Ying , Guo Yibin , Liu Qiong , Wu Bingxin , Ding Zuoyou , Yang Yumin
Published: February 2013

Salidroside is a natural product isolated from Rhodiola rosea L. which possesses a wide range of biological activities, especially neuroprotective effects in the treatment of ischemic stroke. In an attempt to improve its neuroprotective effects, a series of novel salidroside analogues were synthesized and their neuroprotective activities were evaluated against the glucose and serum depletion‐induced cell death in differentiated PC12 cells. Most target compounds displayed protective effects on the cell viability, especially for compound 6, which had a great potency superior to salidroside. MTT assay and Hoechst 33342 staining collectively showed that pretreatment with 6 attenuated cell viability loss and reduced apoptotic death in cultured PC12 cells with glucose and serum depletion. And its neuroprotective effects might be associated with the increase of the apoptosis‐related protein Bcl‐2/Bax expression ratio, and also with the inhibition of caspase‐3 activation. Therefore, our new findings may provide potentially important information for further development of salidroside analogues and lay the basis for further studies on the cerebral ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases for human clinical treatment.
A comparison of Boc and Fmoc SPPS strategies for the preparation of C‐terminal peptide α‐thiolesters: NY‐ESO‐1 39Cys‐68Ala‐COSR
Authors: Harris Paul W. R. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: February 2013

The synthesis of a polypeptide derived from the cancer testis antigen NY‐ESO‐1 bearing a C‐terminal α‐thiolester is described. Employing tert‐butyloxycarbonyl solid phase peptide synthesis the thiolester moiety was installed on‐resin using a mercaptopropionic acid linker, thereby requiring no post synthetic manipulations and delivering the requisite α‐thiolester polypeptide after cleavage from the resin with HF. Several 9‐fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl solid phase peptide synthesis approaches whereby the thiolester was required to be introduced in a post synthesis manner were examined concurrently. These comprised syntheses on two different “safety catch” linkers, an N‐alkyl‐N‐acyl sulphonamide and an N‐acyl benzimidazolone wherein the thiolester is generated from an activated precursor. The condensation of a mercaptan with the C‐terminal carboxylate in a direct thiolesterification reaction was also examined. When using either of the three 9‐fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl‐based approaches, the linear polypeptide could be assembled straightforwardly on the solid phase resin; however, a thiolesterification of the C‐terminal carboxyl of the fully side chain protected peptide proved to be the most effective post‐assembly method for the installation of the C‐terminal thiolester. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 100: 356–365, 2013.