bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late Campanian-Maastrichtian in Pondicherry Area (Cauvery Basin) Southern India: Bioevents and Palaeoenvironmental Inferences from Planktonic Foraminifera
Authors: Malarkodi N. , Orabi Orabi H , Bhargava Sharma C.S. , Chethan Kumar S. , Panda Jagruti
Published: May 2023

The late Campanian/Maastrichtian succession exposed in the Pondicherry area provides one of the best exposed marine sections in the Cauvery basin and is examined for its foraminiferal contents. The biostratigraphic distribution of 72 species of planktonic foraminifera has been used to identify eleven planktonic zones and subzones and correlated to the global bioevents.

The present biostratigraphic analysis has revealed four bioevents in the late Campanian-Maastrichtian sediments of the Pondicherry area. The first one was associated with the Radotruncana calcarata (CF10), which correlated to the late Campanian event (LCE); the second bioevent was associated with the Rugoglobigerina rotundata (CF7a) and the Rugoglobigerina scotti CF7b, which correlated to the (Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary event (CMBE); the third bioevent is associated with Globotruncana linneiana and Contusotruncana contusa, which correlated to middle Maastrichtian event (MME). The fourth bioevent associated with the Racemiguembelina fructicosa, which is correlated with the late Maastrichtian event (LME) associated with the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in the studied area.

Three principal climate and faunal associations were identified in the present study in Cauvery basin; (1) worldwide cooling with minimal variation in the late Campanian-earliest Maastrichtian observed through extraordinary diversification for the Cretaceous mostly accomplished in the early Maastrichtian (Event-1, C31r), (2) warming and stable high diversity (Event-2, upper C31r to lower C30n), (3) return to global cooling and high-stress environments (Event-3, C30n),
Petrology and Geochemistry of Carbonate Metasediments from Pindwara-Aburoad Belt in the Southern Part of South Delhi Terrane: Implications for Protolith, Provenance and Tectonic Setting
Authors: Dutta Riya , Purohit Ritesh , Bhu Harsh , Sharma Kamal Kant
Published: May 2023

The carbonate metasediments of Pindwara-AbuRoad Belt (PARB) in the Sirohi district belongs to the Kumbhalgarh Group of the South Delhi Terrane (SDT). The litho-assemblages associated are quartzite, carbonate, mica schist, phyllite, metavolcanics, and granitoids. The present study is made on impure marble and calc-silicates of the study area. The carbonates show mineralogical variations with indiscernible field boundaries. The carbonates composed of calcite, diopside, hornblende, tremolite, actinolite, biotite, muscovite, epidote, quartz, plagioclase with minor proportion of apatite, sphene, garnet, sericite, kyanite, zircon, opaque, and broadly may be termed as calc-silicates. The mineral chemistry, major, trace elements, and REE geochemistry of the carbonates reveal the nature of protolith, provenance, depositional environment, spatial and temporal constraints on metamorphism, and on going tectonic process. The study suggests that the PARB carbonate metasediments were derived from a varied proportion of terrigenous and quartzo-feldspathic felsic provenance and deposited in less saline shallow marine environment in an intracontinental rift setting. These exhibit amphibolite to green-schist facies metamorphism, accompanied by polyphase deformation. The metasediments of the region indicate the Meso-Neoproterozoic transition during the Delhi Orogeny in SDT.
Black Plastic Waste Classification by Laser-Induced Fluorescence Technique Combined with Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Bonifazi G. , Capobianco G. , Cucuzza P. , Serranti S. , Spizzichino V.
Published: May 2023

Sensor-based sorting devices commonly used in plastic recycling plants, mainly working in the near infrared range (NIR), are unable to identify black plastics, due to their low spectral reflectance. The aim of this work was to investigate the potentialities offered by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique (spectral range 270–750 nm) for the identification of black polymers inside a plastic waste stream, thus allowing the possibility to build efficient sorting strategies to be applied in recycling plants. Representative samples of black plastics collected among the most utilized in household packaging were selected, constituted by four different types of polymers, i.e., expanded polystyrene (EPS), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The acquired LIF spectra were processed using multivariate approaches in order to optimize polymer classification. The developed hierarchical—partial least square-discriminant analysis (Hi-PLS-DA) classification model, showed excellent performances, confirmed by the values of sensitivity and specificity values in prediction, being equal to 1. The correctness of classification obtained by LIF was confirmed by the application of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) on the same samples. The achieved results demonstrated the potential of LIF technique combined with a machine learning approach as sorting/quality control tool of black polymers in recycling plants.

Graphical Abstract
Redefining Ceasefires
Authors: Sosnowski Marika
Published: May 2023

Since 2012, ceasefires have been used in Syria to halt violence and facilitate peace agreements. However, in this book, Marika Sosnowski argues that a ceasefire is rarely ever just a 'cease fire'. Instead, she demonstrates that ceasefires are not only military tactics but are also tools of wartime order and statebuilding. Bringing together rare primary documents and first-hand interviews with over eighty Syrians and other experts, Sosnowski offers original insights into the most critical conflict of our time, the Syrian civil war. From rebel governance to citizen and property rights, humanitarian access to economic networks, ceasefires have a range of heretofore underexamined impacts. Using the most prominent ceasefires of the war as case studies, Sosnowski demonstrates the diverse consequences of ceasefires and provides a fuller, more nuanced portrait of their role in conflict resolution.
The Catch
Authors: Hoffmann Richard C.
Published: May 2023

This definitive environmental history of medieval fish and fisheries provides a comprehensive examination of European engagement with aquatic systems between c. 500 and 1500 CE. Using textual, zooarchaeological, and natural records, Richard C. Hoffmann's unique study spans marine and freshwater fisheries across western Christendom, discusses effects of human-nature relations and presents a deeper understanding of evolving European aquatic ecosystems. Changing climates, landscapes, and fishing pressures affected local stocks enough to shift values of fish, fishing rights, and dietary expectations. Readers learn what the abbess Waldetrudis in seventh-century Hainault, King Ramiro II (d.1157) of Aragon, and thirteenth-century physician Aldebrandin of Siena shared with English antiquarian William Worcester (d. 1482), and the young Martin Luther growing up in Germany soon thereafter. Sturgeon and herring, carp, cod, and tuna played distinctive roles. Hoffmann highlights how encounters between medieval Europeans and fish had consequences for society and the environment - then and now.
A parametric design approach for multi-lobed hybrid airships
Authors: Manikandan M. , Shah R. R. , Priyan P. , Singh B. , Pant R. S.
Published: May 2023

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the research and development of hybrid airships for various applications. Airship design involves multiple design parameters from various disciplines that interact mutually. Existing design methodologies, however, are often limited to fixed shapes and geometry. This paper provides a comprehensive parametric design approach for the sizing of multi-lobed hybrid air vehicles for low- and high-altitude applications. The proposed design techniques are robust so that the designer has the freedom to change the number of lobes, the relative location of lobes, the envelope profile, and the optimiser for the design optimisation process. The outcomes of the proposed methodology are envelope volume, wetted surface area, length and span of the envelope, sizing and layout of the solar array, and sizing and layout of the fins. The modeling techniques highlighted in this paper are very efficient for the design and optimisation of multi-lobed airships in the conceptual design phase with a large design exploration space. The robustness of the shape generation algorithms is tested on some of the standard envelope profiles of airships. The effect of the shape and geometry of the multi-lobed envelope on added mass is demonstrated through the added mass estimation using Boundary Element Method.
‘The English despot’: Francis Noel-Baker and his support for the Colonels’ regime
Authors: Wills David
Published: May 2023

Francis Noel-Baker (1920–2009) was an English Philhellene politician and self-proclaimed benevolent landowner in Euboea whose relationship in his later years with Greek governments and people descended into acrimony and litigation. This stemmed from the decision he took to effectively become an apologist for the military junta which seized power in Athens between 1967 and 1974. This was despite London being a centre for Greek resistance-in-exile, the opposition to the regime shown by many of his fellow MPs and Labour Party colleagues, and his own earlier left-wing sympathies, including his support for the communist-backed partisans in Greece during the Second World War. Noel-Baker's advocacy of the Colonels reflected not merely political reality and economic expediency, as with the similar stance of the British government, but stemmed from his outdated convictions that Greece required saving from international communism and internal weakness.
G.C. Harcourt: An economist with accounting sense
Authors: Boianovsky Mauro , Repapis Constantinos
Published: May 2023

Geoffrey Colin Harcourt’s work on the interface between accountancy and economics is a part of his legacy that is less well-known than his work on the capital controversies. This paper argues that the analytical findings of this research effort are an important and integral part of Harcourt’s overall research programme. In this paper, we review Harcourt’s work on the relation between economics and accounting from the time of his undergraduate thesis to 1969, the date of the publication with Robert Parker of the edited volumeReadings in the Concept and Measurement of Income. This paper intends to offer insights on (A) the evolution of Harcourt’s thought during this period and a survey of the significant contributions he made to research in this field during this time and (B) the legacy of his approach and findings. We argue that his ideas in this domain offer important insights in doing post-Keynesian economics in the Harcourt mould. We find that Harcourt’s insights on the issues relating to the accounting rate of profit as used by economists remain relevant to today, as well as his implicit suggestions on how to deal with the complexities of the problems that ensue for the theorist, practical economist, businessman, and policy advisor. Harcourt’s work suggests that we should not aim to replace one monolithic way of seeing things with another, indicating that the useful definition of key concepts and tools is determined by the problem and hence by the policy question one wants to answer.
Reconstructing Holocene fire records using dune footslope deposits at the Cooloola Sand Mass, Australia
Authors: Patton Nicholas R. , Shulmeister James , Hua Quan , Almond Peter , Rittenour Tammy M. , Hanson Johanna M. , Grealy Aloysius , Gilroy Jack , Ellerton Daniel
Published: May 2023

In this study, we assess charcoal records from eolian deposits within the Cooloola Sand Mass, a subtropical coastal dune system in eastern Australia, to determine whether they can be used as a proxy for Holocene fire history. We excavate four profiles in depositional wedges at the base of dune slipfaces (footslope deposits) and calculate charcoal concentrations for three size classes (180–250 μm, 250–355 μm, and 355 μm–2 mm) at predetermined depth intervals. Age–depth models are constructed for each profile using radiocarbon measurements (n = 46) and basal optically stimulated luminescence ages (n = 4). All records appear intact with little evidence of postdepositional mixing as demonstrated by minimal age reversals and consistent trends in charcoal concentration and accumulation rates (CHAR) among size classes. Combining all four records, we generate a ca. 7 cal ka BP terrestrial fire history that depicts distinct peaks representing periods of increased local fire activity at <0.3, 1.1–0.4, 2.2–1.6, 3.4–2.6, and 6.7–5.3 cal ka BP. Our findings parallel regional records and highlight the utility of dune footslopes as ecological and sedimentary archives. As dune fields are much more common than wetlands and lakes in semiarid and arid areas, these deposits have the potential to increase the spatial resolution of fire records globally.
Distribution and abundance of threatened and heavily traded birds in the mountains of western Java
Authors: Marsden Stuart J. , Junaid Achmad Ridha , Kaprawi Fajar , Muladi Faris , Aprianto Ganjar Cahyo , van Balen S. (Bas) , Saryanthi Ria , Collar Nigel J. , Devenish Christian
Published: May 2023

There is serious concern for the future of a wide range of birds in Java and elsewhere in Indonesia due to both loss of habitat and trapping for the cagebird trade (the so-called “Asian Songbird Crisis”). Despite this concern, few data on presence and abundance of key species exist. We provide such data on 184 bird species from over two years of biodiversity surveys from 37 sites on 12 mountains in West and Central Java. Many of these species are heavily traded, endemic, and globally threatened. Several of the threatened endemics, notably Javan Trogon and Javan Cochoa, were often recorded, in terms of both geographical spread and numerical abundance. Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush, Spotted Crocias, and Orange-spotted Bulbul, believed to be threatened by trapping for the songbird trade, appear to remain fairly widespread. By contrast, Brown-cheeked Bulbul, Chestnut-backed (Javan) Scimitar-babbler, Javan Oriole, and especially Javan Blue-flycatcher, recorded on just a single occasion, and Javan Green Magpie, which we failed to record with certainty, now appear to be extremely rare. Our encounter rates, while not pinned to specific mountains for security reasons, represent an important baseline against which future changes in abundance can be gauged.
Overcoming the timescale barrier in molecular dynamics: Transfer operators, variational principles and machine learning
Authors: Schütte Christof , Klus Stefan , Hartmann Carsten
Published: May 2023

One of the main challenges in molecular dynamics is overcoming the ‘timescale barrier’: in many realistic molecular systems, biologically important rare transitions occur on timescales that are not accessible to direct numerical simulation, even on the largest or specifically dedicated supercomputers. This article discusses how to circumvent the timescale barrier by a collection of transfer operator-based techniques that have emerged from dynamical systems theory, numerical mathematics and machine learning over the last two decades. We will focus on how transfer operators can be used to approximate the dynamical behaviour on long timescales, review the introduction of this approach into molecular dynamics, and outline the respective theory, as well as the algorithmic development, from the early numerics-based methods, via variational reformulations, to modern data-based techniques utilizing and improving concepts from machine learning. Furthermore, its relation to rare event simulation techniques will be explained, revealing a broad equivalence of variational principles for long-time quantities in molecular dynamics. The article will mainly take a mathematical perspective and will leave the application to real-world molecular systems to the more than 1000 research articles already written on this subject.
Dr. Google’s Advice on First Aid: Evaluation of the Search Engine’s Question-Answering System Responses to Queries Seeking Help in Health Emergencies
Authors: Birkun Alexei A. , Gautam Adhish
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

The ever-growing penetration of internet and mobile technologies into society suggests that people will increasingly use web searches to seek health-related information, including advice on first aid in medical emergencies. When a bystander is incompetent in first aid and has no immediate support from Emergency Medical Services (EMS), as it happens in low-resource settings or in disasters, instructions found online could be the sole driver for administering first aid before arrival of professional help.

Study Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate quality of advice on first aid generated by a web search engine’s question-answering system (QAS) in response to search queries concerning provision of help in common health emergencies.

Methods:

In December 2022-January 2023, an English-language search was carried out in Google with ten queries based on the keyword combinations (what to do OR how to help) AND (bleeding OR chest pain OR choking OR not breathing OR seizure). The search engine’s QAS responses (up to 11 per search query) were evaluated for compliance with the International Federation of Red Cross First Aid Guidelines 2020 using the pre-developed checklists.

Results:

Out of 98 QAS items generated by Google, 67.3% (n = 66) were excluded, mainly because the QAS answers did not address original queries. Eligible unique QAS responses (n = 27) showed poor coverage of the guideline-compliant instructions on first aid. Mean percentage of QAS responses providing a first aid instruction with complete adherence to the guidelines varied from 0.0 for choking to 19.5 for seizure. Only three (11.1%) QAS responses contained an explicit instruction to access EMS, while 66.7% (n = 18) included directions either contradictory to the guidelines and potentially harmful (eg, use of home remedies in chest pain) or inapplicable for an untrained person (eg, use of tourniquet in bleeding).

Conclusion:

Although the search engine’s QAS responds to user’s inquiries concerning assistance in health emergencies, the QAS-generated answers, as a rule, omit potentially life-saving evidence-based instructions on first aid and oftentimes give advices noncompliant with current guidelines or inadequate for untrained people, and thus create risks for causing harm to a victim.
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in medical students
Authors: González-Sosa Sonia , Ruiz-Hernández Jose Juan , Puente-Fernández Alicia , Robaina-Bordón José María , Conde-Martel Alicia
Published: May 2023

Objective:

The protective effect of the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) is undisputed. However, adherence to MeDi has decreased in recent years, particularly in young people. The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to MeDi in medical students and to assess the influence of knowledge acquisition as well as other factors on dietary compliance.

Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students. The data were obtained through anonymous surveys that collected demographic characteristics, medical history, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity and adherence to MeDi – using 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (MEDAS) –. Adherence to MeDi and related factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariable analysis.

Participants:

Medical students from the first to the sixth year of the 2018–2019 academic year.

Setting:

The study was conducted at the university of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.

Results:

Of 589 respondents (73 % women) mean aged 22 years (range 18–39), 58·9 % showed good adherence to MeDi. Adherence was significantly associated with age (P = 0·017) but not with sex or the presence of comorbidities. Independently, adherence to MeDi was higher in last academic courses (OR = 2·1; 95 % CI = 1·3, 3·2; P = 0·001), in those who consumed alcohol more frequently (OR = 1·5; 95 % CI = 1·0, 2·1; P = 0·039) and in those who practiced more exercise (OR = 1·5; 95 % CI = 1·2, 1·9; P < 0·001).

Conclusions:

Half of all medical students did not have a good adherence to MeDi. Adherence was higher at older age in higher academic years and related to greater physical activity. It would be convenient to quantify dietary knowledge as well as implement nutritional educational programmes, favouring a healthy lifestyle.
International Judicial Intervention in the Case of Libya: From Justice Enforcer to Peace Maker RightConstituency and Institutional Independence: Virtues of a Fight against Realpolitik
Authors: TEIMOURI Heidarali
Published: May 2023

This article investigates the case of Libya; the way the International Criminal Court responded to it; what went wrong; and what the Court could learn from the case for its future. It attempts to show that the regime change strategy followed in Libya jeopardized the international criminal justice mandate of the Court, created a failed state conundrum, and rendered the Court's intervention counterproductive. Also, in cases like Libya, where judicial intervention sits alongside military intervention, it is difficult for the Court to claim jurisdiction independent of untamed realpolitik while finding the right constituency, which is an urgent issue that remains unsolved. This research concludes that only a dispute settlement approach oriented towards a peacemaking mandate, and its incorporation into the jurisdiction of the Rome Statute, can protect the Court's independence and international criminal justice promises regarding the different limitations the Court faces.
Observation and Simulation of Lightning Strikes in an Offshore Wind Turbine Cluster
Authors: Zou Mengjin , Zhang Yang , Tan Yongbo , Chen Lyuwen , Yao Wen
Published: May 2023

Based on the detection data of the Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau lightning location system from 2013 to 2022, this paper analyzes the characteristics of lightning strikes in an offshore wind turbine cluster (WTC) in Guangdong. This is the first time to quantify the lightning strikes difference between the inner and outer wind turbines (WTs) and discuss the impact mechanisms of WTCs on the characteristics of lightning strikes by the simulation results of electric potential distribution. The observation results show that the stroke density, cloud‐to‐ground (CG) flash density, and average peak current within the affected area increase by 10.1%, 11%, and 5.1%, respectively, but the lightning multiplicity changes little. The inner and outer WTs show different characteristics of lightning strikes. The stroke density, lightning multiplicity, and average peak current in the area of outer WTs increase by 21%, 4.1%, and 6.8%, respectively, while in the area of inner WTs decrease by 20.2%, 19%, and 3.9%, respectively. The CG flash density in the area of outer WTs increases by 16.1% but changes little in the area of inner WTs. The simulation results show there is a significant difference in the electric potential distribution between the inner and outer WTs: the distortion effect of the outer WTs on spatial electric potential is stronger than that of the inner WTs at a greater height, but the difference is not obvious at a lower height. Such a difference in electric potential distribution leads to different characteristics of lightning strikes between the inner and outer WTs.
Estimating the Global Influence of Cover Crops on Ecosystem Service Indicators in Croplands With the LPJ‐GUESS Model
Authors: Ma Jianyong , Anthoni Peter , Olin Stefan , Rabin Sam S. , Bayer Anita D. , Xia Longlong , Arneth Almut
Published: May 2023

Cover crops (CCs) can improve soil nutrient retention and crop production while providing climate change mitigation co‐benefits. However, quantifying these ecosystem services across global agricultural lands remains inadequate. Here, we assess how the use of herbaceous CCs with and without biological nitrogen (N) fixation affects agricultural soil carbon stocks, N leaching, and crop yields, using the dynamic global vegetation model LPJ‐GUESS. The model performance is evaluated with observations from worldwide field trials and modeled output further compared against previously published large‐scale estimates. LPJ‐GUESS broadly captures the enhanced soil carbon, reduced N leaching, and yield changes that are observed in the field. Globally, we found that combining N‐fixing CCs with no‐tillage technique could potentially increase soil carbon levels by 7% (+0.32 Pg C yr−1 in global croplands) while reducing N leaching loss by 41% (−7.3 Tg N yr−1) compared with fallow controls after 36 years of simulation since 2015. This integrated practice is accompanied by a 2% of increase in total crop production (+37 million tonnes yr−1 including wheat, maize, rice, and soybean) in the last decade of the simulation. The identified effects of CCs on crop productivity vary widely among main crop types and N fertilizer applications, with small yield changes found in soybean systems and highly fertilized agricultural soils. Our results demonstrate the possibility of conservation agriculture when targeting long‐term environmental sustainability without compromising crop production in global croplands.
MESSENGER Observations of Standing Whistler Waves Upstream of Mercury's Bow Shock
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhong Jun , Slavin James , Zhang Hui , Lee Lou‐Chuang , Shan Lican , Rong Zhaojin , Wei Yong , Pan Yongxin
Published: May 2023

This paper reports on the standing whistler waves upstream of Mercury's quasi‐perpendicular bow shock. Using MESSENGER's magnetometer data, 36 wave events were identified during interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). These elliptic or circular polarized waves were characterized by: (a) a constant phase with respect to the shock, (b) propagation along the normal direction to the shock surface, and (c) rapid damping over a few wave periods. We inferred the speed of Mercury's bow shock as ∼26 km/s and a shock width of 1.87 ion inertial length. These events were observed in 20% of the MESSENGER orbits during ICMEs. We conclude that standing whistler wave generations at Mercury are generic to ICME impacts and the low Alfvén Mach number (MA) collisionless shock, and are not affected by the absolute dimensions of the bow shock. Our results further support the theory that these waves are generated by the current in the shock.
Iron Variability Reveals the Interface Effects of Aerosol‐Pollutant Interactions on the Glacier Surface of Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Dong Zhiwen , Shao Yaping , Jiao Xiaoyu , Parteli Eric , Wei Ting , Li Weijun , Qin Xiang
Published: May 2023

Iron (Fe) as a limiting nutrient has profound impacts on ecosystems and the global biogeochemical cycle. Field observations were made at the atmosphere—snowpack interface in various glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau. The formand chemical properties of the Fe detected were investigated in laboratory using TEM‐EDX measurements, to obtain insights in the content and sources of Fe in aerosol pollutants in glaciers, as well as micro‐structure changes and their environmental effects, as well as interface transformation dynamics. We find that Fe occurs in forms of aggregated and single particulates with diameter d < 5 μm. The Fe particulates collected from different locations show clear spatial heterogeneity, with fly ash and soot constituting the major components of anthropogenic Fe. The concentration of Fe aggregates with pollutants (e.g., sulfate and nitrate) is dominant in regions close to the areas of human activity. Moreover, in the remote areas of the interior plateau, an increased concentration of mineral Fe particles is found in the aggregates. These observations are crucial to elucidate the evolution processes of pollutant‐Fe mixing, from generation or emission through anthropogenic activities to accumulation in remote areas and modification of Fe occurrence form during transportation. Our results also show that, during interface deposition, soluble Fe particle concentration increased by 13.8% on average, as Fe solutes with sulfate‐coating enhances of the dissolution of Fe in fly ash‐soot and minerals—a process that produces large quantities of ultrafine Fe particle under reductive dissolution in snowpack. Overall, these changes significantly contribute to enhancing the bioavailable iron content in the study areas affecting thereby the glacier ecosystem.
Synthesizing Sea Surface Temperature and Satellite Altimetry Observations Using Deep Learning Improves the Accuracy and Resolution of Gridded Sea Surface Height Anomalies
Authors: Martin Scott A. , Manucharyan Georgy E. , Klein Patrice
Published: May 2023

Gridded sea surface height (SSH) maps estimated from satellite altimetry are widely used for estimating surface ocean geostrophic currents. Satellite altimeters observe SSH along one‐dimensional tracks widely spaced in space and time, making accurately reconstructing the two‐dimensional (2D) SSH field challenging. Traditionally, SSH is mapped using optimal interpolation (OI). However, OI artificially smooths the SSH field leading to high mapping errors in regions with rapidly‐evolving mesoscale features such as western boundary currents. Motivated by the dynamical relation between SSH and sea surface temperature (SST) and the notion that even the chaotic evolution of mesoscale ocean turbulence may contain repeating patterns, we outline a deep learning (DL) approach where a neural network is trained to reconstruct 2D SSH by synthesizing altimetry and SST observations. In the Gulf Stream Extension region, dominated by mesoscale variability, our DL method substantially improves the SSH reconstruction compared to existing methods. Our SSH map has 17% lower root‐mean‐square error and resolves spatial scales 30% smaller than OI compared against independent altimeter observations. Surface geostrophic currents calculated from our map are closer to surface drifter observations and appear qualitatively more realistic, with stronger currents, a clearer separation between the Gulf Stream and neighboring eddies, and the appearance of smaller coherent eddies missed by other methods. Our map yields significant re‐estimations of important dynamical quantities such as eddy kinetic energy, vorticity, and strain rate. Applying our DL method to produce a global SSH product may provide a more accurate and higher resolution product for studying mesoscale ocean turbulence.
Extensional Earthquakes in the Absence of Magma in Northern Afar: Insights From InSAR
Authors: La Rosa Alessandro , Raggiunti Martina , Pagli Carolina , Keir Derek , Wang Hua , Ayele Atalay
Published: May 2023

In magma‐rich rifts, normal faulting is commonly thought to be induced by dike intrusions. However, whether fault slip occurs purely tectonically is unclear. An earthquake sequence starting with a Mw 5.5 earthquake occurred in December 2022 in northern Afar, a continental rift near breakup. InSAR measurements show that seismicity was caused by normal faulting alone, without involvement of magma movements. Our best‐fit InSAR models show that conjugate faults ruptured during the seismic sequence with mainly normal dip‐slip and total deformation corresponding to a Mw 5.7 event, in agreement with local seismic recordings. Our models show that tectonic faulting accommodates 26 cm of extension corresponding to ∼30 years of plate spreading without any link to magma. Our observations point toward significant along‐rift variation in the proportion of extension from faulting, potentially caused by along‐rift variations in rate of extension and/or from a spatially and temporally segmented supply of magma.
Single-cell sequencing reveals homogeneity and heterogeneity of the cytopathological mechanisms in different etiology-induced AKI
Authors: Chen Zhimin , Li Yinshuang , Yuan Ying , Lai Kunmei , Ye Keng , Lin Yujiao , Lan Ruilong , Chen Hong , Xu Yanfang
Published: May 2023

Homogeneity and heterogeneity of the cytopathological mechanisms in different etiology-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) are poorly understood. Here, we performed single-cell sequencing (scRNA) on mouse kidneys with five common AKI etiologies (CP-Cisplatin, IRI-Ischemia-reperfusion injury, UUO-Unilateral ureteral obstruction, FA-Folic acid, and SO-Sodium oxalate). We constructed a potent multi-model AKI scRNA atlas containing 20 celltypes with 80,689 high-quality cells. The data suggest that compared to IRI and CP-AKI, FA- and SO-AKI exhibit injury characteristics more similar to UUO-AKI, which may due to tiny crystal-induced intrarenal obstruction. Through scRNA atlas, 7 different functional proximal tubular cell (PTC) subtypes were identified, we found that Maladaptive PTCs and classical Havcr1 PTCs but not novel Krt20 PTCs affect the pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic levels in different AKI models. And cell death and cytoskeletal remodeling events are widespread patterns of injury in PTCs. Moreover, we found that programmed cell death predominated in PTCs, whereas apoptosis and autophagy prevailed in the remaining renal tubules. We also identified S100a6 as a novel AKI-endothelial injury biomarker. Furthermore, we revealed that the dynamic and active immune (especially Arg1 Macro_2 cells) -parenchymal cell interactions are important features of AKI. Taken together, our study provides a potent resource for understanding the pathogenesis of AKI and early intervention in AKI progression at single-cell resolution.
In vivo metallophilic self-assembly of a light-activated anticancer drug
Authors: Zhou Xue-Quan , Wang Peiyuan , Ramu Vadde , Zhang Liyan , Jiang Suhua , Li Xuezhao , Abyar Selda , Papadopoulou Panagiota , Shao Yang , Bretin Ludovic , Siegler Maxime A. , Buda Francesco , Kros Alexander , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun , Sun Wen , Bonnet Sylvestre
Published: May 2023

Self-assembling molecular drugs combine the easy preparation typical of small-molecule chemotherapy and the tumour-targeting properties of drug–nanoparticle conjugates. However, they require a supramolecular interaction that survives the complex environment of a living animal. Here we report that the metallophilic interaction between cyclometalated palladium complexes generates supramolecular nanostructures in living mice that have a long circulation time (over 12 h) and efficient tumour accumulation rate (up to 10.2% of the injected dose per gram) in a skin melanoma tumour model. Green light activation leads to efficient tumour destruction due to the type I photodynamic effect generated by the self-assembled palladium complexes, as demonstrated in vitro by an up to 96-fold cytotoxicity increase upon irradiation. This work demonstrates that metallophilic interactions are well suited to generating stable supramolecular nanotherapeutics in vivo with exceptional tumour-targeting properties.
The spatial spillover effect of ICT development level on regional CO2 emissions
Authors: Su Jinqi , Wang Wenbo , Tang Shiyao
Published: May 2023

Information and communication technology plays an essential role in affecting CO2 emissions and promoting green and sustainable development. This paper empirically examines the effect of the level of urban ICT development on CO2 emissions using panel data for Chinese cities from 2010 to 2020. On this basis, a spatial Durbin model is used to analyze the spatial spillover effects of ICT development level affecting regional CO2 emissions, and its direct, indirect and overall effects are further analyzed. The conclusions of the study are as follows. (1) The CO2 emissions of Chinese cities are correlated by spatial distance and show high-high or low-low clustering characteristics. (2) ICT development can reduce CO2 emissions in the region and increase CO2 emissions in neighboring regions. This conclusion still holds after several robustness tests. And when the level of ICT development increases by 1 standard deviation, CO2 emissions are reduced by 64%. (3) The mechanism of action shows that ICT can influence regional CO2 emissions through its technological innovation effect and industrial upgrading effect. (4) The impact of ICT development on regional carbon emissions is characterized by significant heterogeneity depending on the city's geographical location and whether or not environmental information is publicly available.
Numerical analysis of Phase change material and graphene-based tunable refractive index sensor for infrared frequency spectrum
Authors: Aliqab Khaled , Dave Kavan , Sorathiya Vishal , Alsharari Meshari , Armghan Ammar
Published: May 2023

Here, we present the findings of parametric analysis into a phase transition material Ge2Sb2Te5(GST)-based, graphene-based, with a wide dynamic range in the infrared and visible electromagnetic spectrum. The suggested structure is studied in multi-layered configurations, built up with layers of GST, graphene, silicon, and silver materials. These multilayer structures' reflectance behavior has been described for refractive indices between 1.3 and 2.5. The complete design is simulated using a computational process called the finite element method. Additionally, we have investigated the impact of material heights on the structure's performance in general. We have presented several resonating tracing curves in polynomial equations to determine the sensing behavior across a specific wavelength range and refractive index values. The proposed design is also investigated at various inclined angles of incidence to ascertain its wide-angle stability. A computational study of the proposed structure can assist in the evolution of biosensors to identify a wide range of biomolecules, including malignant, hemoglobin urine, saliva-cortisol, and glucose.
One-bond 13C–13C spin-coupling constants in saccharides: a comparison of experimental and calculated values by density functional theory using solid-state 13C NMR and X-ray crystallography
Authors: Tetrault Timothy , Meredith Reagan J. , Yoon Mi-Kyung , Canizares Christopher , Oliver Allen G. , Carmichael Ian , Serianni Anthony S.
Published: May 2023

The dependence of calculated 1JC1,C2 values on the C1–C2–O2–H torsion angles θ2 in several methyl aldohexopyranosides.
Bilateral π-extension of an open-[60]fullerene in a helical manner
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Sadai Shumpei , Murata Yasujiro
Published: May 2023

Bilateral π-elongation of an open-[60]fullerene produces a π-extended (5,5) end-cap with two-fold embedded diaza[n]helicene motifs.
Correction: Palladium(ii)-catalyzed vinylic geminal double C–H activation and alkyne annulation reaction: synthesis of pentafulvenes
Authors: Phukon Jyotshna , Gogoi Sanjib
Published: May 2023

Correction for ‘Palladium(ii)-catalyzed vinylic geminal double C–H activation and alkyne annulation reaction: synthesis of pentafulvenes’ by Jyotshna Phukon et al., Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 1133–1136, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CC09564K.
Controlled synthesis of monodispersed ZnO nanospindle decorated TiO2 mesospheres for enhanced charge transport in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Athithya S. , Harish S. , Ikeda H. , Navaneethan M. , Archana J.
Published: May 2023

Schematic illustrations of DSSC device.
Structure-engineering the stability, electronic, optical and photocatalytic properties of hexagonal C2P2monolayers
Authors: Lin Jiahe , Zhang Bofeng , Zhang Tian , Chen Xiaowei
Published: May 2023

Structure engineering presents unique opportunities in materials science field, including material design and modification.
Revisit of the plasmon-mediated chemical transformation ofpara-aminothiophenol
Authors: Kondo Toshiki , Inagaki Motoharu , Tanaka Shohei , Tsukiji Shinya , Motobayashi Kenta , Ikeda Katsuyoshi
Published: May 2023

Low-frequency SERS spectrum reveals that spectral changes in the fingerprint vibrations of pATP on a metal surface are not due to plasmon-mediated transformation totrans-azo compounds but due to photo-thermal variation of Au–S bond configuration.
Scanning the latent phases and superconductivity in the Nb–Pb system at high pressure
Authors: Qin Yanqing , Song Jiexi , Chen Xinyu , Shi Diwei , Ren Rongrong , Wang Yaocen , Bai Xiaojun , Yang Xiaoguang , Cao Chongde
Published: May 2023

We carry out a global structure search for the Nb–Pb system based on the evolutionary algorithm and density functional theory. Based on the dynamical and mechanical stability analyses, we unveiled five new Nb–Pb binary phases.
The Li + CaF → Ca + LiF chemical reaction under cold conditions
Authors: da Silva Humberto , Yao Qian , Morita Masato , Kendrick Brian K. , Guo Hua , Balakrishnan Naduvalath
Published: May 2023

The CaF molecule has emerged as a promising candidate for novel applications in quantum science and ultracold chemistry. Electronic structure and quantum dynamics calculations of the Li + CaF chemical reaction are reported here under cold conditions.
Constructing Co–S interface chemical bonds over Co@NC/ZnIn2S4 for an efficient solar-driven photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Wang Deling , Chen Lu , Xia Yuzhou , Liang Ruowen , Liu Xiyao , Ying Shaoming , Yan Guiyang
Published: May 2023

A Co@NC/ZnIn2S4 sample achieved an average hydrogen production rate of as high as 33.3 μmol h−1, which was 6.1 times higher than that of the pristine ZnIn2S4. Its apparent quantum efficiency was 38% at 420 nm.
Single-phase ultrathin holey nanoflower Ni5P4 as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient water splitting
Authors: Yao Lihua , Qiu Zhuo , Yin Xingliang , Yang Ying , Hong Xiaodi , Yang Zhi
Published: May 2023

Designing efficient non-precious electrocatalysts to boost water splitting for green energy is a worthy and crucial objective, while it is still an enormous challenge.
Environmental, cost, and chemical hazards of using alternative green solvents for fullerene (C60) purification
Authors: Heidari Seyed M. , Lee Eunsang , Cecil Ben , Anctil Annick
Published: May 2023

C60 is an energy-intensive nanomaterial used for various emerging technologies, such as perovskite solar cells, hydrogen storage, and cancer therapy; however, manufacturing environmental, cost, and chemical hazards must be mitigated before large-scale production.
Enzyme-mimicking single atoms enable selectivity control in visible-light-driven oxidation/ammoxidation to afford bio-based nitriles
Authors: Meng Ye , Huang Jinshu , Li Jie , Jian Yumei , Yang Song , Li Hu
Published: May 2023

A novel enzyme-mimicking photocatalyst was developed to subtly regulate reactive species formation at the atomic level for control of selectivity in oxidation/ammoxidation to synthesize biomass-derived nitriles, aldehydes, or imines at room temperature.
Development and industrial application of LIBS-XRF coal quality analyzer by combining PCA and PLS regression methods
Authors: Tian Zhihui , Li Jiaxuan , Wang Shuqing , Bai Yu , Zhao Yang , Zhang Lei , Zhang Peihua , Ye Zefu , Zhu Zhujun , Yin Wangbao , Jia Suotang
Published: May 2023

An LIBS-XRF coal quality analyzer was developed. Modeling based on PCA and PLS methods, and industrial testing was completed. The measurement repeatability of model for industrial indicators meets the requirements of national standards.
Hexacoordinated Co(ii) complex exhibiting strong magnetic anisotropy and field-induced slow magnetization relaxation: synthesis, magnetic characterization, and quantum-chemical modelling
Authors: Tupolova Yulia P. , Lebedev Vladimir E. , Korchagin Denis V. , Tkachev Valery V. , Utenyshev Andrey N. , Morgunov Roman B. , Palii Andrei V. , Shcherbakov Igor N. , Aldoshin Sergey M.
Published: May 2023

A hexacoordinated Co(ii) complex [CoL(NCS)2]·2DMSO (L is diacetylbis-quinolyl hydrazone) with field-induced SIM properties, has been synthesised and characterized by IR, SCXRD, and AC and DC magnetic measurements.
Nanoscale friction and wear behavior of a CVD-grown aged WS2 monolayer: the role of wrinkles and surface chemistry
Authors: Rai Himanshu , Thakur Deepa , Gadal Aayush , Ye Zhijiang , Balakrishnan Viswanath , Gosvami Nitya Nand
Published: May 2023

Herein, we report the role of wrinkles and surface chemistry on the nanoscale friction and wear behavior of a CVD-grown aged WS2 monolayer.
Solvent-free, photoinduced block copolymer synthesis from polymerizable eutectics by simultaneous PET-RAFT and ring-opening polymerization in air
Authors: Nahar Yeasmin , Stanfield Melissa K. , Bissember Alex C. , Thickett Stuart C.
Published: May 2023

We report the preparation of thermoresponsive block copolymers via the simultaneous RAFT polymerization and anionic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of N-isopropylacylamide and ε-caprolactone respectively, in the absence of traditional solvents.
Synthesis of amino acid-derived vinyl polymers with precisely controlled hydropathy and their thermoresponsive behavior in water
Authors: Sawamoto Atsushi , Nishimura Shin-nosuke , Higashi Nobuyuki , Koga Tomoyuki
Published: May 2023

Synthesis of amino acid-derived vinyl polymers with precisely controlled hydropathy by ultra-rapid reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and their thermoresponsive behavior in water.
Efficient implementation of low cost and secure framework with firmware updates
Authors: Ben Hlima Ines , Kacem Halim , Gharsallah Ali
Published: May 2023

Recently, the Internet of things (IoT) has become extensively used in our daily lives. This technology offers a new vision of the future internet where devices are interconnected and can communicate together. A big number of these devices complicates the firmware update and makes it more expensive since each node must be updated locally. Nevertheless, there are many cases where devices cannot change their location to upgrade the firmware locally due to an unreachable location or dangerous place. Therefore, it is necessary to remotely update the firmware of devices. In this study, the authors propose an efficient implementation of a low cost and secure framework of upgrading the firmware employing the latter On‐The‐Air programming technique. The authors present a proof of concept for a ubiquitous system applying wireless programmer. Our design offers a remote broadcasting of image code without disturbing the main functionality of nodes. The authors validated the performance of our design on a real network based on STM32 micro‐controllers. The results showed the reduction of the network time‐off, enabling a continuous operation of the ecosystem.
Improved SRP algorithm and bidirectional heterogeneous LTE‐R authentication key
Authors: Chen Yong , Chang Ting , Liu Wen
Published: May 2023

Due to the problems that International Mobile Subscriber Identity is not encrypted during transmission, key disclosure, and high authentication overhead in Evolved Packet System‐Authentication and Key Agreement, the next generation of high‐speed railway Long‐Term Evolution for Railway train ground authentication protocol, this paper describes the improved Secure Remote Password algorithm and two‐way heterogeneous Long‐Term Evolution for Railway authentication key agreement scheme. First, the improved Secure Remote Password algorithm is used to encrypt the message transmission between User Equipment and Mobility Management Entity, solving the problem of International Mobile Subscriber Identity being not encrypted during transmission. Then, a two‐way heterogeneous digital signature method of Public Key Infrastructure and Identity‐Based Cryptosystem is proposed to authenticate and negotiate with the Mobility Management Entity and Home Subscriber Server, which improves the security of the root key and can effectively prevent man in the middle, replay and other attacks. Finally, in the research results, the random oracle model is used to verify, and the results show that our method is superior to the comparison method in security and authentication cost, and can meet the Long‐Term Evolution for Railway communication requirements.