bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metformin improves HPRT1-targeted purine metabolism and repairs NR4A1-mediated autophagic flux by modulating FoxO1 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Yang Keda , Wang Xiaochuan , Zhang Chi , Liu Dian , Tao Lin
Published: November 2024

Osteoporosis is a major degenerative metabolic bone disease that threatens the life and health of postmenopausal women. Owing to limitations in detection methods and prevention strategy awareness, the purpose of osteoporosis treatment is more to delay further deterioration rather than to fundamentally correct bone mass. We aimed to clarify the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis and optimize treatment plans. Our experiments were based on previous findings that oxidative stress mediates bone metabolism imbalance after oestrogen deficiency. Through energy metabolism-targeted metabolomics, we revealed that purine metabolism disorder is the main mechanism involved in inducing oxidative damage in bone tissue, which was verified via the use of machine-learning data from human databases. Xanthine and xanthine oxidase were used to treat osteoblasts to construct a purine metabolism disorder model. The activity and differentiation ability of osteoblasts decreased after X/XO treatment. Transcriptomic sequencing indicated that autophagic flux damage was involved in purine metabolism-induced oxidative stress in osteoblasts. Additionally, we performed serum metabolomics combined with network pharmacology to determine the pharmacological mechanism of metformin in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. HPRT1 was the potential target filtered from the hub genes, and FoxO1 signalling was the key pathway mediating the effect of metformin in osteoblasts. We also revealed that SIRT3-mediated deacetylation promoted the nuclear localization of FoxO1 to increase the expression of HPRT1. HPRT1 upregulation promoted purine anabolism and prevented the accumulation of ROS caused by purine catabolism to reverse oxidative damage in osteoblasts. We propose that purine metabolism disorder-induced oxidative stress is important for the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The therapeutic mechanism of metformin should be confirmed through subsequent drug optimization and development studies to improve bone health in postmenopausal women.
Robustly learning the Hamiltonian dynamics of a superconducting quantum processor
Authors: Hangleiter Dominik , Roth Ingo , Fuksa Jonáš , Eisert Jens , Roushan Pedram
Published: November 2024

Precise means of characterizing analog quantum simulators are key to developing quantum simulators capable of beyond-classical computations. Here, we precisely estimate the free Hamiltonian parameters of a superconducting-qubit analog quantum simulator from measured time-series data on up to 14 qubits. To achieve this, we develop a scalable Hamiltonian learning algorithm that is robust against state-preparation and measurement (SPAM) errors and yields tomographic information about those SPAM errors. The key subroutines are a novel super-resolution technique for frequency extraction from matrix time-series, tensorESPRIT, and constrained manifold optimization. Our learning results verify the Hamiltonian dynamics on a Sycamore processor up to sub-MHz accuracy, and allow us to construct a spatial implementation error map for a grid of 27 qubits. Our results constitute an accurate implementation of a dynamical quantum simulation that is precisely characterized using a new diagnostic toolkit for understanding, calibrating, and improving analog quantum processors.
Electron-donable heterojunctions with synergetic Ru-Cu pair sites for biocatalytic microenvironment modulations in inflammatory mandible defects
Authors: Bai Mingru , Wang Ting , Xing Zhenyu , Huang Haoju , Wu Xizheng , Adeli Mohsen , Wang Mao , Han Xianglong , Ye Ling , Cheng Chong
Published: November 2024

The clinical treatments of maxillofacial bone defects pose significant challenges due to complex microenvironments, including severe inflammation, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and potential bacterial infection. Herein, we propose the de novo design of an efficient, versatile, and precise electron-donable heterojunction with synergetic Ru-Cu pair sites (Ru-Cu/EDHJ) for superior biocatalytic regeneration of inflammatory mandible defects and pH-controlled antibacterial therapies. Our studies demonstrate that the unique structure of Ru-Cu/EDHJ enhances the electron density of Ru atoms and optimizes the binding strength of oxygen species, thus improving enzyme-like catalytic performance. Strikingly, this biocompatible Ru-Cu/EDHJ can efficiently switch between ROS scavenging in neutral media and ROS generation in acidic media, thus simultaneously exhibiting superior repair functions and bioadaptive antibacterial properties in treating mandible defects in male mice. We believe synthesizing such biocatalytic heterojunctions with exceptional enzyme-like capabilities will offer a promising pathway for engineering ROS biocatalytic materials to treat trauma, tumors, or infection-caused maxillofacial bone defects.
The effects of physical activity interventions on self-esteem during and after cancer treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rodriguez-Solana Andrea , Gracia-Marco Luis , Cadenas-Sanchez Cristina , Redondo-Tébar Andrés , Marmol-Perez Andres , Gil-Cosano Jose Juan , Llorente-Cantarero Francisco J. , Ubago-Guisado Esther
Published: November 2024

To investigate the effect of physical activity (PA) (both general and its type) on self-esteem during and after cancer treatment. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscuss, and PsycINFO from their inception to February 2024. The systematic review included 32 studies, with 15 studies (13 RCT and 2 quasi-experimental) and 3604 participants (66.7% female) included in the meta-analysis involving controlled trials using a control group and at least one PA intervention group. The study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022309771). Risk of bias for RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias (RoB2), and quasi-experimental studies with the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. PA significantly improved self-esteem during and after cancer treatment (pooled SMD = 0.32, p < 0.01). Specifically, aerobic PA (pooled SMD = 0.33, p = 0.04) and mind-body exercise (pooled SMD = 0.70, p = 0.03) had positive effects on self-esteem. Overall, PA interventions improved self-esteem during cancer treatment (pooled SMD = 0.50, p = 0.01) and in PA interventions lasting more than 12 weeks (pooled SMD = 0.44, p = 0.02). In conclusion, PA (specifically, aerobic and mind-body exercises) may have a positive effect on self-esteem during and after cancer treatment, with cancer status and the duration of the intervention being key factors.
An efficient neural network LEACH protocol to extended lifetime of wireless sensor networks
Authors: El-Sayed Hamdy H. , Abd-Elgaber Elham M. , Zanaty E. A. , Alsubaei Faisal S. , Almazroi Abdulaleem Ali , Bakheet Samy S.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents NN_ILEACH, a novel neural network-based routing protocol designed to enhance the energy efficiency and longevity of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). By integrating the Energy Hole Removing Mechanism (EHORM) with a sophisticated neural network for cluster head selection, NN_ILEACH effectively addresses the energy depletion challenges associated with traditional protocols like LEACH and ILEACH. Our extensive simulations demonstrate that NN_ILEACH significantly outperforms these classical protocols. Specifically, NN_ILEACH extends the network lifetime to an impressive 11,361 rounds, compared to only 505 rounds achieved by LEACH under identical conditions—representing a more than 20-fold improvement. Additionally, NN_ILEACH achieves a 30% increase in throughput and a 25% enhancement in packet delivery ratio, while reducing overall energy consumption by 40%. These results underscore the protocol’s potential to optimize energy usage and maintain network stability, paving the way for more resilient IoT systems in dynamic environments. Future work will explore further integration of machine learning techniques to enhance adaptability and performance in WSNs.
Enhanced detection of surface deformations in LPBF using deep convolutional neural networks and transfer learning from a porosity model
Authors: Ansari Muhammad Ayub , Crampton Andrew , Mubarak Samer Mohammed Jaber
Published: November 2024

Our previous research papers have shown the potential of deep-learning models for real-time detection and control of porosity defects in 3D printing, specifically in the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. Extending these models to identify other defects like surface deformation poses a challenge due to the scarcity of available data. This study introduces the use of Transfer Learning (TL) to train models on limited data for high accuracy in detecting surface deformations, marking the first attempt to apply a model trained on one defect type to another. Our approach demonstrates the power of transfer learning in adapting a model known for porosity detection in LPBF to identify surface deformations with high accuracy (94%), matching the performance of the best existing models but with significantly less complexity. This results in faster training and evaluation, ideal for real-time systems with limited computing capabilities. We further employed Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) to visualize the model’s decision-making, highlighting the areas influencing defect detection. This step is vital for developing a trustworthy model, showcasing the effectiveness of our approach in broadening the model’s applicability while ensuring reliability and efficiency.
Performance of uncertainty-based active learning for efficient approximation of black-box functions in materials science
Authors: Koizumi Ai , Deffrennes Guillaume , Terayama Kei , Tamura Ryo
Published: November 2024

Obtaining a fine approximation of a black-box function is important for understanding and evaluating innovative materials. Active learning aims to improve the approximation of black-box functions with fewer training data. In this study, we investigate whether active learning based on uncertainty sampling enables the efficient approximation of black-box functions in regression tasks using various material databases. In cases where the inputs are provided uniformly and defined in a relatively low-dimensional space, the liquidus surfaces of the ternary systems are the focus. The results show that uncertainty-based active learning can produce a better black-box function with higher prediction accuracy than that by random sampling. Furthermore, in cases in which the inputs are distributed discretely and unbalanced in a high-dimensional feature space, datasets extracted from materials databases for inorganic materials, small molecules, and polymers are addressed, and uncertainty-based active learning is occasionally inefficient. Based on the dependency on the material descriptors, active learning tends to produce a better black-box functions than random sampling when the dimensions of the descriptor are small. The results indicate that active learning is occasionally inefficient in obtaining a better black-box function in materials science.
Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye by ZnO nanoparticle thin films, using Sol–gel technique and UV laser irradiation
Authors: Atta Diaa , Wahab Hanan A. , Ibrahim M. A. , Battisha I. K.
Published: November 2024

The focus of the current work is the study of the effect of the photo-catalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles. The photocatalytic destruction of methylene blue dye, a common water contaminant, was used to assess the photocatalytic efficiency of the ZnO nanoparticles from its aqueous solution by using ZnO nanoparticles thin film under UV light and laser irradiation. Sol–gel methods prepared ZnO nanoparticle thin films. X-ray diffraction and a field-emitted scanning electron microscope were utilized to examine the structure of the produced ZnO nanoparticles. An extended characterization by laser-based fluorescence and UV–visible spectroscopic techniques. The effects of operational parameters such as photo-catalyst load and contact time on photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue were investigated. The recent study’s findings showed that irradiation with a UV laser increases with power density 25 µW/cm2, the photo-catalytic rate. The UV spectra show decay for the band at 664nm decreased and the concentration of M.B. in monomer form decayed to 26% of the original concentration in 24 h, while the band at 612 which is related to the dimer M.B. molecules was not affected. The laser irradiation did the same for monomer M.B. molecules in only 3 h, while the dimer decreased to 28% of its original concentration. The reaction mechanism has been discussed by molecular modelling. Quantum mechanical calculations at B3LYP/6-311g(d,p) level indicated that methylene blue changed from dimers to monomers in the existence of ZnO. The current results present a method for degrading M.B. not only in wastewater but also in the industrial waste scale.
Spatial-temporal attention for video-based assessment of intraoperative surgical skill
Authors: Wan Bohua , Peven Michael , Hager Gregory , Sikder Shameema , Vedula S. Swaroop
Published: November 2024

Accurate, unbiased, and reproducible assessment of skill is a vital resource for surgeons throughout their career. The objective in this research is to develop and validate algorithms for video-based assessment of intraoperative surgical skill. Algorithms to classify surgical video into expert or novice categories provide a summative assessment of skill, which is useful for evaluating surgeons at discrete time points in their training or certification of surgeons. Using a spatial-temporal neural network architecture, we tested the hypothesis that explicit supervision of spatial attention supervised by instrument tip locations improves the algorithm’s generalizability to unseen dataset. The best performing model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.88. Augmenting the network with supervision of spatial attention improved specificity of its predictions (with small changes in sensitivity and AUC) and led to improved measures of discrimination when tested with unseen dataset. Our findings show that explicit supervision of attention learned from images using instrument tip locations can improve performance of algorithms for objective video-based assessment of surgical skill.
Efficacy of endoscopic interlaminar decompression in lumbar spinal stenosis: a retrospective study
Authors: Qu Xiao , Zhang Lin , xie Zhou , Zhang Jun , Huang Yanran , Li Ningdao , Luo Xiaoji
Published: November 2024

This retrospective study evaluated the clinical effectiveness of endoscopic interlaminar decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis in 40 patients treated from February 2020 to January 2022. The procedure was successful in all cases, with only one dural sac injury reported and no other complications. Postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores improved significantly (P<0.05), and the modified Macnab criteria showed an 87.5% rate of excellent and good outcomes at follow-up. No patients required revision surgery. Overall, the endoscopic interlaminar approach proved to be effective, safe, and supported early recovery.
GDF15 is required for maintaining subcutaneous adipose tissue lipid metabolic signature
Authors: Igual-Gil Carla , Bishop Christopher A. , Jähnert Markus , Johann Kornelia , Coleman Verena , Baum Vanessa , Kruse Michael , Pfeiffer Andreas F.H. , Pivovarova-Ramich Olga , Ost Mario , Kleinert Maximilian , Klaus Susanne
Published: November 2024

Recent research has identified growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as a crucial factor in various physiological and pathological processes, particularly in energy balance regulation. While the role of GDF15 in modulating energy metabolism through hindbrain GDNF family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) signaling has been extensively studied, emerging evidence suggests direct peripheral metabolic actions of GDF15. Using knockout mouse models, we investigated GDF15 and GFRAL’s roles in adipose tissue metabolism. Our findings indicate that C57BL/6/129/SvJ Gdf15-KO mice exhibit impaired expression of de novo lipogenesis enzymes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT). In contrast, C57BL/6J Gfral-KO mice showed no impairments compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. RNA-Seq analysis of sWAT in Gdf15-KO mice revealed a broad downregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Importantly, our study uncovered sex-specific effects, with females being more affected by GDF15 loss than males. Additionally, we observed a fasting-induced upregulation of GDF15 gene expression in sWAT of both mice and humans, reinforcing this factor’s role in adipose tissue lipid metabolism. In conclusion, our research highlights an essential role for GDF15 in sWAT lipid metabolic homeostasis. These insights enhance our understanding of GDF15’s functions in adipose tissue physiology and underscore its potential as a therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.
Precision and effort in robot-assisted placement of pedicle screws compared to standard surgical navigation
Authors: Sippel Julia Katharina , Groh Johannes , Bräuer Lars , Perl Mario , Stadthalter Holger
Published: November 2024

Aim was to compare image-guided navigation with a robot-assisted solution for performing MISS regarding precision, required time and subjective aspects. 90 pedicles were instrumented on two torsos, half with navigation, half robot-assisted. Precision analysis between both solutions didn’t show a significant difference. Time measurement showed a significantly longer duration per wire for the robot-arm on the first torso and a not significant longer duration on the second torso, where a significant reduction in the mean duration was shown. There was no significant difference in the subjective impressions comparing navigation and robot except the possibility to change the procedure. Precision of both methods is suitable for clinical use. A time advantage using the robot-arm couldn’t be demonstrated in the present study. A significant learning curve was shown, so a reduction in the longer duration on the robot can be expected. Further studies in clinical use are necessary.
Relationship between regional volume changes and water diffusion in fixed marmoset brains: an in vivo and ex vivo comparison
Authors: Yoshimaru Daisuke , Tsurugizawa Tomokazu , Hayashi Naoya , Hata Junichi , Shibukawa Shuhei , Hagiya Kei , Oshiro Hinako , Kishi Noriyuki , Saito Kazuhiro , Okano Hideyuki , Okano Hirotaka James
Published: November 2024

Ex vivo studies of the brain are often employed as experimental systems in neuroscience. In general, brains for ex vivo MRI studies are usually fixed with paraformaldehyde to preserve molecular structure and prevent tissue destruction during long-term storage. As a result, fixing brain tissue causes microstructural changes and a decrease in brain volume. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the regional effect of brain volume and microstructural changes on the restricted diffusion of water molecules in the common marmoset brain using in vivo and ex vivo brains from the same individual. We used 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging and also compared the T2-weighted images and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data between in vivo and ex vivo brains to investigate changes in brain volume and diffusion of water molecules in 12 common marmosets. We compared fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, AD (axial diffusivity), and radial diffusivity values in white matter and gray matter between in vivo and ex vivo brains. We observed that AD showed the strongest correlation with regional volume changes in gray matter. The results showed a strong correlation between AD and changes in brain volume. By comparing the in vivo and ex vivo brains of the same individual, we identified significant correlations between the local effects of perfusion fixation on microstructural and volumetric changes of the brain and alterations in the restricted diffusion of water molecules within the brain. These findings provide valuable insights into the complex relationships between tissue fixation, brain structure, and water diffusion properties in the marmoset brain.
Local effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on mitigation of COVID-19 spread through decreased human mobilities in Japan: a prefecture-level mediation analysis
Authors: Nagata Shohei , Takahashi Yuta , Adachi Hiroki M. , Johnson Glen D. , Nakaya Tomoki
Published: November 2024

To control the COVID-19 epidemic, the Japanese government and the local governments have repeatedly implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) throughout 2020–2022. Using Bayesian state-space mediation models, we examined the effect of repeated NPIs on infection spread mitigation, mediated by human mobility changes in each prefecture during three epidemic phases: from April 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021; from March 1, 2021 to December 16, 2021; and from December 17, 2021 to December 31, 2022. In the first phase, controlling downtown populations at nighttime was effective in mitigating the infection spread in almost all prefectures. In the second and third phases, the effect was not clear, especially in metropolitan prefectures. Controlling visitors from the central prefectures of metropolitan areas was effective in mitigating infection spread in the surrounding prefectures during all phases. These results suggest that the local spread of infection can be mitigated by focusing on nighttime human mobility control in downtown areas before the epidemic spreads widely and transmission routes become more diverse, and that the geospatial spread of infection can be prevented by controlling the flows of people from large cities to other areas.
Implementation of a novel TRIZ-based model to increase the reporting of adverse events in the healthcare center
Authors: Lee Jiun-Yih , Lee Pei-Shan , Chiang Cheng-Hsien , Chen Yi-Ping , Chen Chiung-Ju , Huang Yuan-Ming , Chiu Jlan-Ren , Yang Pei-Ching , Yeh Chen-An , Chang Jui-Ting
Published: November 2024

Underreporting of adverse events in healthcare systems is a global concern. This study aims to address the underreporting of adverse events (AE) by implementing a TRIZ-based model to identify and overcome barriers to reporting, thus filling gaps in current reporting practices and improving incident recognition. A TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) approach was adopted, integrating with SERVQUAL methodologies to design interventions. Preintervention and postintervention surveys were conducted to evaluate changes in the recognition of adverse events and barriers to reporting. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the effectiveness of the interventions. Recognition improved and barriers to reporting AEs significantly decreased. Monthly reported cases rose from 33.7 to 50.3 (p = 0.000), demonstrating the effectiveness of the TRIZ-based interventions. Implementing a TRIZ-based model significantly improved adverse event reporting by enhancing the recognition of reportable events and overcoming identified barriers. Future research should explore the long-term sustainability of these interventions and their broader applicability in diverse healthcare settings.
Dendrimer Metal Complexes
Authors: Imaoka T. , Yamamoto K.
Published: November 2024

This chapter discusses the advancements in the field of macromolecular metal complexes achieved through the synthesis of dendrimers—a class of polymers with a defined structure and no molecular weight distribution. Unlike common linear polymers that introduce structural uncertainty in metal complexes, dendrimers offer precise and predictable architectures that facilitate the creation of uniform metal complexes. Dendrimers are highly branched, tree-like polymers, introduced by Tomalia in 1985, that allow for the assembly of precise metal complexes due to their monodispersity and regularity. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, in particular, offer a flexible structure with regular branching for up to seven generations, enabling them to form complexes with various metal ions. These precisely assembled metal ions and complexes in dendrimers are used in catalysis and as precursors for metal nanoparticles with distinct advantages due to their encapsulation effect and defined size characteristics. Here, we explain the methods for accumulating metals in dendrimers, highlighting stepwise complexation based on the dendrimers’ layered structure and basicity gradient. We also discuss how dendrimers enable the controlled integration of multiple metals and the potential for catalytic, sensor, and biomimetic applications. Dendrimers show promise in mimicking biological functions, such as selective catalysis and efficient electron storage, due to their specific structure and the potential for chemical modification at different sites.
Biofunctional Polymer Complexes: Functional Antibody Supramolecules
Authors: Yamaguchi H.
Published: November 2024

In biological systems, biomacromolecules recognize molecules and express various advanced functions. Among them, “antibodies” have been used as diagnostic agents and sensing and imaging devices due to their high specificity and strong binding ability. Now, antibodies are also used as attractive reaction fields in catalytic chemistry. Monoclonal antibodies, which can bind specifically and strongly to target molecules, have been used to construct not only highly sensitive sensing systems, but also catalytic and energy conversion systems. In this chapter, some examples of the author’s research utilizing monoclonal antibodies as sensing materials and catalysts are introduced.
Functionalization of Artificial Metalloenzymes
Authors: Abe S. , Ueno T.
Published: November 2024

Proteins, biological macromolecules, have a monodisperse and precise three-dimensional structure. The design and development of artificial metalloenzymes is an exciting topic in bionanotechnology and biomaterials, because they provide a unique chemical environment in which functional molecules such as metal ions, metal complexes, metal particles, and proteins can be immobilized. This chapter introduces recent research on designing and constructing artificial metalloenzymes that catalyze various organic transformation reactions by complexing metal complexes with protein templates, from protein monomers to protein assemblies and crystals. Furthermore, in-cell bioorthogonal reactions and regulation of cellular functions using artificial metalloenzymes and future directions of artificial metalloenzymes will also be presented.
Energy Conversion Materials
Authors: Oyaizu K.
Published: November 2024

Macromolecule–metal complexes are composed of metal complex moieties as functional units and polymer chains for moldability and robust properties. Macromolecule–metal complexes have been studied as functional materials based on their unique properties, such as the specific reactive environments formed by the polymer chains and the enhanced interaction between the metal complexes populated in macromolecular domains. The principles and significance of energy conversion by macromolecule–metal complexes are described, and examples of macromolecule–metal complexes for high-efficiency energy storage, hydrogen energy conversion, and photoelectric conversion systems are presented.
Glyme-based Solvate Ionic Liquids and Their Electrolyte Properties
Authors: Watanabe M.
Published: November 2024

Certain concentrated mixtures of lithium salt and solvent (ligand) are no longer simple solutions but are categorized as solvate ionic liquids (SILs), wherein the solvent strongly coordinates to the cation to form a solvate. A negligible amount of free solvent remains, thus constituting the SIL as the solvate cation and the anion. Typical examples include one-to-one mixtures of lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)amide (Li[TFSA]) and certain glymes (CH3O–(CH2CH2–O)n–CH3). The successful formation of a SIL greatly depends on both the ligand and anion structures. To obtain robust and long-lived solvates, a ligand exhibiting a chelate effect is essential, with n = 3 and 4 (i.e., triglyme and tetraglyme) being suitable for lithium solvate formation. The weak Lewis basicity of the anions promotes SIL formation, as the ligand–Li+ interaction predominates over the Li+–anion interaction. SILs exhibit unique features as electrolytes, including enhanced oxidation stability of glyme components, unique Li+ transport via ligand exchange during interfacial electrochemical reactions, poor solubility towards ionic electroactive materials, and electrochemical graphite intercalation reactions. Additionally, new polymer electrolytes containing SILs have been proposed, enabling film processability, high ionic conductivity, thermal stability, and a wide potential window simultaneously.
Catalytic and Separation Functions
Authors: Itsuno S.
Published: November 2024

Polymers having various functionalities can form complexes with metals, which can be used as polymer complex catalysts. Organometallic catalysis is highly efficient and has been used in various industrial processes. Although the organometallic catalysts are very effective in many reactions, transition metals are expensive and toxic. In some cases, contamination of the product with metals could greatly impair the properties. The use of polymer complex catalysts can minimize this risk. This chapter describes the recent developments of polymer complex catalysts composed of Ti, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Ir, Ni, Pd, Cu, Au, and Zn. These polymer complex catalysts show high catalytic activity and are easily removed from the reaction mixture and reused. Application of polymer complex catalysts to continuous flow systems is also possible. They are used as a powerful tool in organic reactions.
Two amino-functionalized metal–organic frameworks with different topologies for C2H2/C2H4 separation
Authors: Li Yue , Xu Mingming , Liu Hongyan , Wang Xiaokang , Wang Yutong , Sun Meng , Fan Weidong , Sun Daofeng
Published: November 2024

Two amino-functionalized metal–organic frameworks (UPC-121 and UPC-122) with different topologies were obtained by regulating metal ions. Among them, UPC-122 exhibit the potential to separate C2H2/C2H4 at room temperature.
Regulating the crystallization of mixed-halide perovskites by cation alloying for perovskite–organic tandem solar cells
Authors: Chen Mingqian , Li Yanxun , Zeng Zixin , Liu Ming , Du Tao , Huang Xiaofeng , Bi Leyu , Wang Jiarong , Jiang Wenlin , An Yidan , Tsang Sai-Wing , Yin Jun , Wu Shengfan , Jen Alex K.-Y.
Published: November 2024

Inhomogeneous halide distribution and high defect levels result from unbalanced crystallization in mixed halide perovskites. IA cations regulate crystallization and minimize defects, creating high-performance perovskite solar cells and tandems.
Constructing self-healing flexible supercapacitors using a graphene oxide synergistic multi-network polymer-supramolecular hydrogel electrolyte
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Shi Xiuting , Li Anbai , Xun Mengmeng , Cui Shuzhen , Sun Kanjun , Peng Hui , Ma Guofu , Xu Yuxi
Published: November 2024

The prepared PAM/CMCS/PEG/GO hydrogels have excellent self-healing and temperature resistance, and the FSC has good electrochemical properties.
Fully bio-based acetal diepoxy monomer with high modulus, good thermal stability and readily degradability
Authors: Song Zidie , Liu Li , Zhang Pengbo , Xue Kangle , Hua Zibo , You Tao , Wu Yiqi , Cui Hong , Hu Zhen , Huang Yudong
Published: November 2024

A fully bio-based acetal diepoxy monomer synthesized from xylitol exhibits excellent mechanical properties (tensile modulus of 4.06 GPa), good thermal properties (Tg = 240 °C), and degradability after curing.
Star copolymers with tunable clusteroluminescence
Authors: Zhou Zixuan , Chen Xiang , Wang Yang , Li Ting , Zhang Xuhui , Xia Bihua , Wang Shibo , Dong Weifu , Qiao Jinliang
Published: November 2024

Four-armed star copolymers with fluorescence emission from blue to red are synthesized through the RAFT polymerization method.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel thiadiazole derivatives as potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors: a comprehensive in vitro and in silico study
Authors: Eissa Ibrahim H. , Elgammal Walid E. , Mahdy Hazem A. , Zara Susi , Carradori Simone , Husein Dalal Z. , Alharthi Maymounah N. , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. , Elkaeed Eslam B. , Elkady Hazem , Metwaly Ahmed M.
Published: November 2024

This study aims to investigate the potential of designed 2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives as anti-proliferative agents targeting VEGFR-2, utilizing a multidimensional approach combining in vitro and in silico analyses.
In vitro bioactivity, mechanical, and cell interaction of sodium chloride-added calcium sulfate–hydroxyapatite composite bone cements
Authors: Jaita Pharatree , Randorn Chamnan , Watcharapasorn Anucha , Jarupoom Parkpoom
Published: November 2024

In this research, sodium chloride-added calcium sulfate–hydroxyapatite composite bone cements (0.70CaS–0.30HAP)/xNaCl were studied.
Synthesis, structure, and superconductivity of La7+2xSr1−4xKxNaxCu4O16−δ
Authors: Xu Deyang , Cai Guohong , Huang Peiliang , Wu Xi , Wang Yan , Geng Jinling , Ju Jing , Wang Xiaoge , Yin Congling , Li Guobao
Published: November 2024

Tzeroc for the equivalent doping La7+2xSr1−4xKxNaxCu4O16−δ system does not remain constant with an increase in x but first increases from 14.8 K for x = 0.00 to 33.9 K for x = 0.10 and then decreases to 18.5 K for x = 0.175.
Comparing diverse extraction methodologies to infer the performance of 1,8-cineole extraction from Eucalyptus cinerea: process optimization, kinetics, and interaction mechanisms
Authors: Baskaran Divya , Sathiamoorthy Madhumitha , Govindarasu Ramasamy , Byun Hun-Soo
Published: November 2024

Different extraction techniques were used to extract 1,8-cineole from Eucalyptus cinerea leaves, and their performance efficiency was evaluated through optimization and kinetic studies.
CuBr-mediated surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization in air
Authors: Chen Menglu , You Shuai , Guo Tingting , Ren Haohao , Zhu Longzu , Wang Peize , Sheng Wenbo , Gong Chenliang , Li Wei
Published: November 2024

CuBr-mediated surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization for polymer brushes with patterned and block architectures over large areas in air is reported.
Pathway control in metallosupramolecular polymerization of a monoalkynylplatinum(ii) terpyridine complex through competitive complex formation
Authors: Kim Minhye , Choi Heekyoung , Kim Minjoo , Kim Seonghan , Yun Seohyeon , Lee Eunji , Cho Jaeheung , Jung Sung Ho , Jung Jong Hwa
Published: November 2024

The modification of metalloligands based on bis-type amideterpyridine platinum(ii) complexes not only induces the formation of helical supramolecular polymers but also introduces a kinetic trapping strategy in competitive conditions.
Direct synthesis of N-perfluoro-tert-butyl secondary amines from N-trifluoromethyl secondary amines
Authors: Wang Leibing , Feng Zhongyu , Luo Zhen , Guo Zihao , Wang Jieping , Yi Wenbin
Published: November 2024

The one-step direct synthesis of N-perfluoro-tert-butyl secondary amines utilizes TMSCF3 as the sole CF3 source and the starting material N-CF3 secondary amine itself as the hydrogen source. PFtB amines can be effectively employed in 19F MRI.
Interfacial viscoelasticity in oscillating drops of cyclodextrin–surfactant aqueous solution: experiments and theory
Authors: Romero-Arias J. Roberto , Luviano Alberto S. , Costas Miguel , Hernández-Machado Aurora , Barrio Rafael A.
Published: November 2024

We present experiments involving oscillating droplets in aqueous cyclodextrin–surfactant solutions.
Fibrotaxis: gradient-free, spontaneous and controllable droplet motion on soft solids
Authors: Bhopalam Sthavishtha R. , Bueno Jesus , Gomez Hector
Published: November 2024

Simulations uncover a new spontaneous and gradient-free droplet transport mechanism that can be controlled by varying wettability or solid's anisotropy.
Self-consistent electrostatic formalism of bulk electrolytes based on the asymmetric treatment of the short- and long-range ion interactions
Authors: Buyukdagli Sahin
Published: November 2024

Internal energy of monovalent electrolytes (left) and dimensionless screening parameter of multivalent electrolytes (right).
Food Portion Size Estimation for Developing a Healthy Eating Index: Influence of Unit Count and Energy Density
Authors: Asna Alfi Fairuz , Kartini Apoina , Pangestuti Dina Rahayuning , Lisnawati Naintina , Husna Jazzimatul
Published: November 2024

Estimating food consumption is often influenced by the intricate cognitive processes involved in determining portion sizes. Understanding the factors influencing these processes can enhance the accuracy of dietary assessments. This study aims to evaluate the ability of participants to estimate portion sizes of common foods and to identify estimation errors. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional approach involving 35 participants, who estimated the portions of various foods, measured in grams or milliliters, based on memory. The magnitude and direction of estimation errors were analyzed. Underestimation was defined as estimated quantities (EQ) less than 90% of the actual weighed quantity (WQ), while overestimation was defined as EQ greater than 110% of the WQ. Results: Only 15.59% of the estimates were considered accurate (approximately 10% of the actual weight). Animal proteins, vegetables, and sugars were the most frequently underestimated, while staple foods, vegetable proteins, fruits, vegetables, and fats/oils were the most commonly overestimated. Conclusion: This study revealed a low proportion of accurate food portion size estimates, with a tendency to overestimate low-energy foods and underestimate high-energy foods.
Investigation of Determinant Factors for Oxidative Stress Prevention in Leather-shoe Workers Exposed to Benzene
Authors: Setyaningsih Yuliani , Kurniawan Bina , Wahyuni Ida , Ekawati  , Setyowati Dina Lusiana
Published: November 2024

This investigation aimed to determine the importance of benzene and phenol exposure in the urine, routine blood profiles, and worker oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde levels in the blood and workers’ blood are routinely measured to determine the level of oxidative stress. This cross-sectional survey only included leather shoemakers in Semarang. The research included 42 active and productive shoemakers as the study’s participants. The dependent variables in this study were age, work period, nutritional status (BMI), urinary phenolic levels, and blood profile. The variable tied to this study was the level of oxidative stress (MDA). The sample is taken immediately after the employee’s work shift is finished. The normal average level for MDA is 2.61 µmol/L. Questionnaires were utilized to determine the respondent’s characteristics and urinary phenolic levels. MDA was used to test lipid peroxidation using spectrophotometry method of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. Venous blood samples were taken from the tip of middle finger. Workers are measured in height by microtoice while weight is measured by digital body scales. BMI were categorized as follows: BMI (kg/m 2) < 18.5, 18.5–24.9 and ≥25. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 25.0. The analysis of bivariate data used the Kruskal–Wallis test (α=0.05). There were no significant all-off variables and Malondialdehyde levels in workers in the leather-shoe sector. For future research, the management of leather-shoe production should make a simple vent (exhaust fan) at the gluing site so that workers were not exposed to benzene.
Factors related to MDA levels in female tiles industry workers in Grobogan, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Putri Nasya Adelia , Setyaningsih Yuliani , Lestyanto Daru , Suroto
Published: November 2024

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a marker of work fatigue that occurs. Work fatigue often occurs in workers, but workers do not realise that continuous work fatigue causes health problems in the body. The damage that occurs is oxidative stress in the body that produces the end product, MDA. We conducted a cross-sectional study on as many as 96 home industry workers making tiles in Karang Asem, Grobogan, Central Java, Indonesia. We identified individual factors, individual habitual factors, occupational factors, and work environment factors during the study period and correlated these factors with workers’ MDA levels. MDA is measured using an ELISA reader. Data analysis used the Rank-Spearman correlation test. We identified that the mean value of MDA is 8.66. The analysis correlation test between factors with MDA explained age (p = 0.001), BMI (p = 0.922), sleep quality (p = 0.000), working period (p = 0.390), workload (p = 0.002), length of work (p=0.776), awkward posture (p = 0.013), and heat stress (p = 0.040). There was a significant correlation between age, sleep quality, workload, awkward posture, and heat stress with workers’ MDA levels. Future research should examine other factors related to MDA levels.
Determinants of HIV Stigma among Adolescents: A Comparative Analysis of 2007, 2012, and 2017 IDHS Data
Authors: Qatrannada Shabrina Arifia , Shaluhiyah Zahroh , Purnami Cahya Tri
Published: November 2024

In 2022, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) stigma in Indonesia remained high, namely 68.7%, posing a challenge to efforts in combating HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), especially among adolescents. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing HIV stigma toward people living with HIV (PLWH/PLHIV) among adolescents in Indonesia and examine changes from 2007 to 2017. Data from the 2007, 2012, and 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHS) were analyzed using frequency distribution and multivariate logistic regression. HIV stigma decreased from 76% in 2007 to 61.6% in 2012 but slightly increased to 69.4% in 2017. Boys in 2012 were 1.15 times more likely to exhibit higher stigma than girls, but this trend reversed by 2017, with boys being 0.82 times less likely to be stigmatized by HIV. Urban residents had 1.4 times higher stigma in 2007 but were 0.88 times less likely to show stigma in 2017. Mass media exposure significantly influenced stigma reduction, with those reading or watching HIV-related content being 1.14 times and 1.13 times more likely to have lower stigma in 2012 and 2017, respectively. Higher HIV knowledge consistently reduced stigma, with those knowledgeable being 0.39 times less likely in 2007 and 0.23 times less likely in 2017. Targeted awareness campaigns and comprehensive education programs are essential in reducing stigma effectively.
Promoting Reproductive Health: An Experience of Adolescents in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Juariah  , Rizkianti Anissa
Published: November 2024

Various programs related to adolescent reproductive health in Indonesia have started to involve adolescents as educators or peer counsellors. These programs primarily aimed to empower adolescents in their health promotion and prevention efforts and those of their peers, including their reproductive health. This research aimed to explore teenagers’ experiences in promoting adolescent reproductive health in West Java, Indonesia. This research utilized a qualitative approach. Data were analysed using content analysis. The research results found that the reasons for participating as peer educators were due to their willingness to be part of solving adolescent health problems, being happy with the health sector, and increasing knowledge and experience. The parents’ response was generally supportive even though they were initially doubtful and worried. The provisions obtained as a peer educator included training and socialization. Before becoming peer educators, informants received socialization and/or training regarding adolescent reproductive health. The roles and activities carried out included providing information, education and counselling, collaborating, carrying out physical examinations, providing additional food, administering ferrous sulphate as well as recording and reporting. The difficulties that many teenagers experienced included physical, psychological, and social problems. The challenges experienced included miscommunication and less support from adults, hard to carry out cadre formation, and teenagers’ low awareness. To increase the role and involvement of adolescents in promoting the reproductive health of their peers, adequate provision and support from adults and policymakers is needed.
Hypnotherapy Reduces Anxiety and Blood Glucose in Diabetic
Authors: Indriawati Ratna , Rohmah Mifatkur , Amany Farah Dita
Published: November 2024

Hypnotherapy is a natural condition for the brain to change habits and lifestyle to be healthy to reduce stress levels and non-fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of hypnotherapy on stress (anxiety) levels and non-fasting blood glucose levels and to assess the reduction in stress (anxiety) levels and non-fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The type of research used was true experimental research with a randomized pre-test-post-test control group design. Twenty subjects were taken randomly with the experimental group given action and the control group not given action, measurements were carried out using pre and post-tests. The research results can be concluded that there is the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in reducing non-fasting blood glucose levels with a p= 0.018 (p<0.05).
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Sociodemographic Determinants of Depression in Indonesian Women: Comparison between Working Mothers and Housewives
Authors: Abidin Habibah , Adzhani Indira A. , Katiah
Published: November 2024

The high prevalence of depression among adult women in Indonesia is influenced by various complex factors. This widespread issue, particularly among working mothers, not only threatens individual physical well-being but also leads to economic losses. This study aims to identify external sociodemographic factors contributing to the likelihood of depressive symptoms among Indonesian working mothers and housewives. This study utilized cross-sectional data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey 5, encompassing 5,594 respondents, comprising 2,303 working mothers and 3,291 housewives. The findings of this study indicate that 22.7% of working mothers and 21.8% of housewives experienced depression. While age, subjective socioeconomic status, and area of residence were common sociodemographic determinants for both groups, additional factors differed between them. The level of education was identified as a risk factor among working mothers; with those with lower levels of education demonstrating a 1.694-fold increased risk of developing depression (CI = 1.251–2.293). Housewives who were not involved in the decision-making process regarding their family’s health were 1.256 times more likely to experience depression (CI = 1.048–1.504). It is imperative to gain an understanding of these distinct risk in order to develop targeted interventions that will reduce depression rates and improve the well-being of Indonesian women.