bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valoración de las herramientas de auditoría aplicables al peritaje contable
Authors: Flórez Guzmán Mario Heimer , Sánchez Mendoza David Alejandro , Cortes Espitia Julia María , Borbón Hoyos Mercy Lilliana
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo valorar las herramientas de auditorías tradicionales o especializadas, aplicables al peritaje contable. En su labor de  peritaje,  el contador público utiliza herramientas de auditoría tradicionales que son las entrevistas, encuestas, cuestionarios, dictamen, trazas o huellas, observación, muestreo, cuaderno de campo y las herramientas especializadas (software); Zifra, ACD Auditor, ACL, IDEA. Metodológicamente es un estudio de tipo documental, donde a través de fuentes secundarias de información se obtiene información sobre las herramientas que el auditor usa en su encargo, -tradicionales y especializadas-Se concluye que las herramientas son de vital importancia en una auditoria, dan aval y fiabilidad a los estados financieros de cada empresa, en base a la actualización constante de nuestro mundo.
Estrategias para el posicionamiento a través de marketing digital en la empresa Improcontrol C.A.
Authors: Petit Fitzgerald
Published: May 2021

La investigación, tiene como propósito ofrecer estrategias viables enfocadas al posicionamiento de marca y fidelización del consumidor, utilizando Marketing 2.0 a través del Marketing Digital en la empresa Improcontrol. Metodológicamente esta investigación es de tipo cuantitativa, descriptiva y proyectiva, apoyada en el diseño de campo, no experimental. La población estuvo conformada por setenta y nueve (79) individuos. Se emplearon las técnicas de la encuesta y la recopilación documental. Como instrumento se utilizó el cuestionario y la entrevista. Se logró diagnosticar el alcance a nivel de Marketing digital, se evidencio las carencias que presentaba la empresa. A partir de allí, la investigación, se volcó a verificar las opiniones internas y a maximizar las capacidades competitivas que no estaban siendo aprovechadas, teniendo los recursos para poder incurrir en el espacio digital, no contaban con ningún tipo de plataforma que lograse exponerlos y llevarlos directamente a las manos de potenciales clientes.
Elementos de la calidad de servicio en las empresas comercializadoras de repuestos para vehículos
Authors: Colmenares Andrés
Published: May 2021

Se identificaron los elementos involucrados a la calidad de servicio que se cumplen en las empresas comercializadoras de repuestos para vehículos en la Costa Oriental del Lago. El tipo de investigación se catalogó como descriptiva, con diseño no experimental, de campo y transeccional. La población quedó conformada por las empresas comercializadoras de repuestos para vehículos en la Costa Oriental del Lago. Como técnica de recolección se empleó la encuesta a través de un cuestionario, compuesto por 24 ítems. El mismo fue sometido al juicio de expertos. Para el procesamiento de datos se utilizó la media aritmética. Se evidenció un cumplimiento alto en cuanto al liderazgo y compromiso de la dirección, planeación de la calidad y control de la calidad; y se detectó alto cumplimiento en la participación del personal, toma de decisiones, mejora continua, comunicación con el cliente y motivación del personal, siendo fortalezas de su calidad de servicio.
Indicadores de gestión para optimizar el control presupuestario de empresa eléctrica
Authors: Ochoa Aular Blasmary , Ramírez B. Jonathan
Published: May 2021

La investigación se fundamentó en la evaluación de indicadores que permiten medir la gestión presupuestaria de la empresa de electricidad CORPOELEC Zona Cojedes, Venezuela. El presente trabajo se enmarco en una investigación de campo, de carácter descriptivo y diseño no experimental; Se llegó a la conclusión de que el diseño de indicadores para optimizar el control presupuestario de la empresa CORPOELEC, permite mejorar el funcionamiento de las tareas diarias enmarcadas en traspasos y partidas presupuestarias, obteniendo mejores resultados en la utilización y comprensión del mismo.
Combating Civil Wars in Africa
Authors: Njagi Catherine Wambui
Published: May 2021

The Twentieth and twenty first centuries have been described as the age of anxiety. This is largely due to the many civil wars and conflicts that have been prevalent in our contemporary world, and especially with special reference to Africa which is the worst hit. In particular, armed conflicts been witnessed in Angola, Ethiopia Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia and Sudan among others. Equally, civil wars have been witnessed in Angola, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Somalia and Sudan. Sadly, some of these States are at the verge of collapse due to the effect of these unfortunate civil wars and conflicts. Other countries that were affected by civil or ethnic conflicts, albeit at lower levels include: Burundi, Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, Togo, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Chad, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Malawi, Senegal, and South Africa. The latter has witnessed xenophobic attacks, especially in May 2008. Terrorism activities have also Increased, as it continues to create tensions among nations, religions, tribes and so on. To this end, this article seeks to explore the causes of civil wars and conflicts in Africa, that bleeds poverty on a mass scale. How can the church participate in curbing these wars and conflicts, and eventually usher-in sanity in these troubled waters? In its methodology, this article strives to redefine war and discusses the characteristics of modern warfare. Through an extensive review of relevant literature, the article has also attempted to explore the place of individual persons, the nation-states and the international network systems in combating civil wars; and lastly, it has endeavored to show the contribution of the church in wrestling out all forms of conflicts in the Sub-Saharan Africa.
#Black Boy Joy: The College Aspirations of Rural Black Male Students
Authors: Crumb Loni , Crystal R. Chambers  , Jessica Chittum
Published: May 2021

Too often research on Black boys emanate from deficit orientations and take a problem centered approach which overemphasizes stereotypes or pathologizes Black male students, overlooking their aspirations and successes. Utilizing the High School Longitudinal Survey of 2009 (HSLS: 09), we examine the postsecondary goals of Black male ninth graders as well as the relationships among their educational aspirations, college knowledge, and supportive school personnel using Community Cultural Wealth as the conceptual framework. We found that the educational aspirations of Black male ninth graders are high; however, their knowledge of college falls short of their educational aspirations and their relationships with teachers and school counselors. We discuss the strengths, attributes, and systems of support that are useful to rural Black male students as they transition through secondary education to post-secondary settings and call for a paradigmatic shift using family-school-community partnerships based on the findings
CFD-BASED SIMULATION AND MODEL VERIFICATION OF PEACHES FORCED AIR COOLING ON DIFFERENT AIR SUPPLY TEMPERATURES
Authors: Yingmin Chen , Haiyan Song , Rui Zhao , Qin Su
Published: May 2021

To ensure optimum peach quality during precooling, air supply temperature within the precooled facility should be precisely controlled. Three-dimensional unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was established in this research, taking air supply temperature as an influencing factor, a dynamic simulation of this model was performed based on Fluent, and its reliability was verified through experiments. Simulation results showed that the decrease of air supply temperature did not affect the 7/8ths cooling time (SECT) significantly, but shortened the cooling time of the fruit which was cooled from the initial temperature to a fixed temperature, especially when air supply temperature dropped below 4oC, its corresponding cooling time showed a trend of steady variation. Meanwhile, respiration rate of 6-8 oC was about twice as high as that of 2-4 oC, its corresponding moisture loss was also increased by 34.71-39.74%. Thus, the range of 2-4 oC was more suitable for quick precooling peaches after harvest. Experiments showed that the root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.7 and 2.7 m·s-1 were 0.747 and 0.836 oC, respectively. It could be seen that simulation results were in good agreement with experimental results, which fully verified the feasibility and high accuracy of this new modeling method. Finally, this study can provide a reliable reference for establishing an accurate precooling numerical model, and rationally optimizing air supply temperature range of fruits precooling experiment to maintain its high quality.
مسؤولية الدولة عن المعاهدات الدولية
Authors: خرباشي عقيلة
Published: May 2021

كل نظام قانوني يقر بأن أشخاص القانون تتحمل مسؤولياتها لما تشكل تصرفاتها تقييدا لحقوق ومصالح الأشخاص الأخرى للقانون، بيد أن إثارة مسؤولية الدولة ولوقت طويل كانت صعبة في ظل العلاقات غير المتكافئة بين الدولة وأشخاصها، فلم يقبل الاعتراف بمسؤولية الدولة على أساس أنها سيدة والحكام لا يخطئون ومنه لا يسألون. ورغم أن العلاقة بين الدول تبدو نظريا متكافئة لقيامها على مبدأ التماثل في الشخصية القانونية أي التساوي في تحمل الالتزامات واكتساب الحقوق، إلا أن القواعد الدولية العرفية لم تقر بالمسؤولية الدولية إلا في منتصف القرن 16 ميلادي.ونظرا لأن الضرر لا يترتب دائما عن الخطأ فقط، بل قد ينجم كذلك عن أعمال مشروعة ،لذا تركز الاهتمام الدولي على المسؤولية الدولية التي تعتني أكثر بنسبة العمل المؤدي للضرر لأحد أشخاص القانون الدولي والتعويض عنه دون التركيز إن كان مصدر الضرر الخطأ، ومنه تحول أساس المسؤولية الدولية من الخطأ إلى المساواة في تحمل الأعباء وكذا المخاطر.

الكلمات المفتاحية:قانون،نظام ،دولة،شرعية،نسبية.
التدخل الإنساني لحماية الأقليات بين القانون الدولي العام و نظرية الاستنقاذ في الإسلام
Authors: بومعالي نذير
Published: May 2021

إن الدول الاستعمارية استخدمت أسلوب حماية أقلياتها ذريعة لبسط سيطرتها الاستعمارية على العديد من الدول و المستعمرات مثل تدخل الدول الأوربية الاستعمارية في الشؤون الدولة العثمانية و دويلاتها، و هكذا فان سياسة القوة و العلاقات الدولية كانت دائمة في حالة ابتكار لمفاهيم و مصطلحات جديدة تضيفها إلى قاموسها، بحيث أصبح حق التدخل بدلا من مبدأ عدم التدخل من المظاهر الواضحة في السنوات التي أعقبت طي صفحة الحرب الباردة حيث أن غزو بنما سنة 1989م كان فاتحة لنمط جديد في السياسة الدولية إضافة لما حصل في شمال العراق بعد حرب 1991م، و كذلك ما حصل في الصومال و ما حدث في البلقان – البوسنة و الهرسك- عام 1995م و في كوسوفو عام 1999م و مقدونيا عام 2001م([1])، و كان السند في هذا كله مبدأ من أجل السلام الذي كان قد أعلنه الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة السيد بطرس غالي سنة 1992م فقد كان هو القاعدة الأساسية لمبدأ التدخل الإنساني و الذي وسع من صلاحيات الأمم المتحدة في هذا الميدان من خلال دعوة الدول الأعضاء و الكبرى خاصة إلى لعب دور مهم و كبير لأجل تجسيد هذا المبدأ مثل تخصيص وحدات عسكرية جاهزة للتدخل تحت علم الأمم المتحدة

الكلمات المفتاحية:حماية،تدخل انساني،أمم متحدة،مجلس الأمن،غزو.
الربيع العربي وصناعة التغيير
Authors: بن الدين بخولة
Published: May 2021

شهدت المنطقة العربية منعطف سـياسي خطـير بات يعـرف بالربيع العـربي  ومفهوم التغيير السياسي يتسم بنوع من الشمولية والاتساع، ولفظ التغير السياسي لغة يشير إلى التحول، أو النقل من مكان إلى آخر ومن حالة إلى أخرى، ويقصد به أيضاً مجمل التحولات التي تتعرض لها البني السياسية في مجتمع ما بحيث يعاد توزيع السلطة والنفوذ داخل الدولة نفسها أو عدة دول . كما يقصد به أيضاً الانتقال من وضع لاديموقراطي استبدادي إلى وضع ديموقراطي . التغيير لغة  في المعجم الوسيط هو "جعل الشيء على غير ما كان عليه"، واصطلاحاً يعرف في العلوم الاجتماعية على أنه "التحول الملحوظ – في المظهر أو المضمون – إلى الأفضل"، كما يعرف في الإطار الإداري على كونه "عملية تحليل الماضي لاستنباط التصرفات الحالية المطلوبة للمستقبل"،  وعلى كونه "تحول من نقطة التوازن الحالية إلى نقطة التوازن المستهدفة".

الكلمات المفتاحية:منعطف سياسي،تحول،استبداد،ادارة،توازن
( الجزائر – المغرب – موريتانيا) في ظل الربيع العربي: إصلاحات أو استعصاء ديمقراطي؟
Authors: قوي بوحنية
Published: May 2021

أورد صمويل هنتغتون في كتابه النظام السياسي لمجتمعات متغيرة، تلخيصا وافيا لمعضلة التغير السياسي في الأنظمة التقليدية في معرض وصفه للثورة البلجيكية عام 1787 ضد الإصلاحات المعصرنة التي قام جوزيف الثاني في قوله:« القضية واضحة، كان الخلاف بين التغير الاجتماعي و الحرية الدستورية قد يأتي الإصلاح على حساب تجاوز الحكومة الاستبدادية للإدارة الموحدة و المؤسسات التاريخية في البلاد، أو تتم المحافظة على الحرية على حساب استمرارية أنظمة قديمة من الامتيازات والملكية والحقوق الخاصة والبنية الطبقية والمشاركة الكنسية في شؤون الدولة .

الكلمات المفتاحية:تغيير سياسي،موريطانيا،الجزائر،المغرب،ثورة.
Le dialogue interreligieux pour la coexistence pacifique des cultures et des civilisations
Authors: ببن الموفق شهيناز
Published: May 2021

A l’aube du 21éme siècle, la religion joue un rôle central dans la vie publique, elle constitue aujourd’hui un signe important d’identité.  Dans un monde exposé à des conflits qui risquent toujours d’entrainer des actes de violence, les échanges entre les cultures offrent plus que jamais des possibilités de rencontre  de dialogue et de paix : «  le dialogue interculturel et interreligieux est une nécessité vitale » 3

Les échanges  entre cultures favorisent la connaissance réciproque et le respect mutuel et impliquent que l’on prenne en compte les religions elle mémes, d’autant plus que l’expérience religieuse est souvent inscrite au cœur même de la culture4. Certes, les cultures sont elles mêmes fort différentes, leurs différences ne tiennent pas seulement a la diversité de leurs langues et de leurs modes de vies, mais aussi au fait qu’elles ne véhiculent pas nécessairement les mêmes représentations du monde, de l’histoire ou de la  personne humaine.     

mots clé:religion,respect,  diversité, interreligieux,    personne humaine
جدلية الداخل و الخارج في السياسة الخارجية الموريتانية
Authors: فريح زينب
Published: May 2021

تختلف السياسة الخارجية من دولة إلى أخرى ،لأنها تعبر عن توجهات الدولة التي تتألف من مواقف و ادراكات و قيم تمليها الخبرة التاريخية و الظروف الإستراتيجية و التي تميز الدولة في السياسة الدولية و المتأصلة في التقاليد والطموحات الكبرى للمجتمعات.هذا ما يجعل السياسة الخارجية للدولة الموريتانية ذات خصوصية تميز موريتانيا عن بقية دول العالم ،فهي دولة ضعيفة ،تقع في أقصى  المغرب العربي على شاطئ المحيط الأطلسي، تعتبر البوابة الكبرى المفتوحة بمصراعيها على إفريقيا السمراء ،و الحلقة الأضعف أمنياً بين دول المغرب العربي، و الرقعة الجغرافية الأكثر تصحراً و قسوة ،و الأقل رقابة و الأكثر تسيباً ،هذه المعطيات هي  جعلت موريتانيا محط تجاذبات و اهتمام العديد من الفواعل الدولية ،إضافة إلى كونها تعرف سياق سياسي داخلي يتميز باللاستقرار السياسي و اللاتجانس الاجتماعي ،هذا ما جعل دارس السياسة الخارجية الموريتانية يواجه إشكال جدلية تأثير متغيرات الداخل و الخارج.

الكلمات المفتاحية:موريطانيا،رقابة،استقرار،قبيلة،متغيرات.
حركة مجتمع السلم الجزائرية بعد المؤتمر الخامس: آفاق التجديد وحدود النهوض
Authors: بوزيدي يحي
Published: May 2021

سارت الأحداث بوتيرة متسارعة جدا في المنطقة العربية مع بداية الحركات الاحتجاجية قبل قرابة الثلاث سنوات، حيث سقطت أنظمة عمّرت لعقود طويلة في أوقات قياسية نسبيا، لتبدأ مرحلة جديدة لم تتضح بعد معالم مسارتها نظرا لارتدادات السقوط القوي للأنظمة السياسية واصطدامه بما يسمى "بالدولة العميقة" في كل بلد. وحتى خارجيا حدثت تأثيرات من دولة إلى أخرى في اتجاهات متعاكسة ومتضاربة أصبح معها الفصل بين الداخلي والخارجي ضربا من المستحيل، لوجود امتدادات أيديولوجية لمختلف القوى السياسية زادت من زخمها الطفرة الإعلامية، والإستراتيجيات الدولية التي تتعامل مع المنطقة ككتلة جيوسياسية واحدة للترابط أعلاه.

الكلمات المفتاحية:مجتمع،حزب،إحتجاج،نظام،قانون.
التعاون المائي بين دول حوض النيل بالتركيز على الدور المصري
Authors: محمد موسى ريم
Published: May 2021

تحديات تواجه التعاون المائي المشترك بين دول حوض النيل تتمثل في كيفية تحقيق الإستغلال الأمثل للموارد في كل دولة دون الحاق الضرر بمصالح الدول الأخرى ، لذلك لابد لدول الحوض أن تعطي أولوية في الاهتمام بتنمية مواردها المائية وبالتالي يمكن تحقيق التعاون والتكامل في مجالات أخرى بين دول الحوض .

لذلك تناقش الدراسة مشاريع التعاون المائي الجماعية الموقعة بين دول حوض النيل وتوضح أهم التحديات التي تواجه مشاريع التعاون المائي ، كما تركز على الدور الإقليمي الذي تلعبه مصر في تحقيق التعاون المائي باعتبار أن منظومة دول حوض النيل تشكل نظاماً إقليمياً تمثل فيه التفاعلات المائية النسبة الغالبة إلى مجمل التفاعلات الأخرى .

الكلمات المفتاحية:تعاون،تنمية،دراسة،تفاعلات،نظام
The magnetic and optical properties of Zr doped GaSb: the first-principles calculation study
Authors: Pan Feng-chun , Lin Xue-ling , Wang Xu-ming
Published: May 2021

The magnetic and optical properties of Zr doped GaSb were studied by the first-principles calculation. The results indicated that both ZrGa and ZrSb substitutions can introduce 1 μ

B
total magnetic moments, but the formation energy of ZrSb is larger. The magnetic couplings between two ZrGa substitutions are ferromagnetic (FM) with long range. Zr can enhance the absorption of photons in the visible and infrared (IR) regions, improve the static dielectric constant and photocatalytic performance. Although moments induced by ZrGa are not affected by strains, the parts contributed by Zr-4d increased/decreased with enlarging tensile/compressive strains. The FM interaction strength is enhanced with magnifying compressive strains and weakened with increasing tensile strains for our considered structures. Moreover, strains make optical curves of Zr doped GaSb move to low energy region slightly. These results indicate that strains may be an effective routine to enhance FM interaction strength and photocatalytic performance of the GaSb:Zr system.
TO STUDY THE INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTHERN INDIA
Authors: Kaur Kajaldeep , Singh Gursharn
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial retinal vaso-proliferative disorder which remains a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide despite improvements in neonatal care and management guidelines. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of ROP among preterm neonates and to determine the risk factors. METHODS: All preterm infants with birth weight <1750 gm and gestation <34 weeks were screened for ROP at 4 weeks of birth for rst screening. Prenatal and postnatal risk factors, neonatal problems, treatment given, procedures and interventions done during stay in neonatal intensive care unit were recorded as per the proforma. The data from the study was systematically collected, compiled and statistically analyzed with SPSS Statistics-26 version to draw relevant conclusions. RESULTS: The incidence of ROP in 89 infants who were screened was 44%. The mean gestational age of babies with ROP was 32 weeks. In our study, pneumonia, apnea, sepsis, thrombocytopenia, NEC, shock, acidosis, IVH, BPD, the use of Bubble CPAP, Venti-CPAP and mechanical ventilator, the vasopressor use and blood transfusion were signicant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ROP was signicantly higher in babies <34 weeks. It was observed in our that lower the birth weight and lower the gestational age, higher is the risk for the development of ROP. Careful and timed retinal examination of all at risk infants will minimize the development of ROP and later on blindness.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF CLOSED DISPLACED SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURE OF HUMERUS IN CHILDREN TREATED WITH CLOSED REDUCTION AND PERCUTANEOUS PINNING – A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Ramola Sandeep , Srinivasan Prasanth , Makani Vidyanand M
Published: May 2021

Background: Supracondylar humeral fractures are the most common fractures around elbow in
children. The incidence is equal in both sexes with left or non-dominant side being most frequently
injured. 96 to 98% are extension type and the exion type is far less common. Displaced supracondylar fractures are notorious
for difculty in reduction, maintenance of reduction and frequent involvement of neurovascular structures. Material and
methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on sixty children with closed displaced supracondylar fracture of
humerus treated with closed reduction and k wire xation, between May 2016 and June 2018. Children aged between 3 and 15
years, radiological nding conrming displaced supracondylar fracture of humerus were included in this study. Children with
less than 3 years of age, physeal injury or intraarticular extension, open fractures, polytrauma of the same limb, previous
fracture of the same elbow, fracture requiring open reduction and inability to give written informed consent were excluded in
this study. All patients underwent closed reduction and percutaneous pinning within 24 hours of admission. The functional
outcome was measured by the range of motion and carrying angle by using Flynn et al criteria. Results: Of 60 patients, 73.3%
had excellent results, 18.3% had good, 5% had fair and 3.3% patients had poor results. Conclusion: Closed reduction and
percutaneous pinning under C arm guidance is a simple and effective method of treatment of displaced supracondylar
fractures of humerus in children with relatively fewer short term complications.
ANALYSIS OF URGENCY, GESTATIONAL AGE AND CONTRIBUTING FACTORS FOR INCREASING CAESAREAN SECTION RATES
Authors: Ali Ashraf M , Garg Sonal , Dasari Papa
Published: May 2021

Background: Over the past few decades, the indications for Caesarean delivery have broadened thus
increasing the rate of caesarean section beyond the set level of WHO. The indications vary in different
health care facilities. It is essential to determine the factors responsible for increasing caesarean section rates. To Objectives:
nd out the cesarean section rate based on urgency as per RCOG and gestational age as per the categorization of pregnancy
by ACOG in a tertiary health care facility catering to large South Indian population. It also aimed to determine the associated
conditions contributing for caesarean section. Retrospective analysis of women who underwent caesar Methods: ean section
from Jan-2017 to June 2017. Data was analyzed with respect to gestational age, Urgency of caesarean section, maternal fetal
indications, clinical characteristics and associated conditions. Neonatal outcomes measured were gestational age, birth
weight and NICU admissions. Data was expressed as proportions and percentages. The CS Results: rate was 24.5% among7,
346 deliveries and 81% were emergency CS. Preterm Caesarean sections were done in 18% and term 81.5%. Category II CS
were the commonest (49%) followed by Category I (32%). Scarred uterus was the most common indication (85%) for elective
caesarean section and fetal distress was most common indication (55.7%) for emergency caesarean sections. The associated
factors were prior Caesarean section (32%), Medical disorders in 21% and 2.4% prolonged infertility and ART conceptions.
Obstetric conditions including mal presentation were responsible in 19%. On the whole fetal indications accounted for 62%.
Conclusion: Fetal indications, especially fetal distress is the most common reason for caesarean section which may have
contributed for increased rate of caesarean section. Hence following strict criteria for diagnosis of fetal distress and adopting
policies for intrauterine resuscitation prior to decision making for cesarean section would contribute to reduction of CS rate at
tertiary health care centers.
CAD/CAM DENTAL CERAMICS IN RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY
Authors: Dhanya N. B. Berin
Published: May 2021

Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/ CAM) is a pair of often interdependent industrial
computer applications that have greatly influenced the chain of processes between the initial design and the final
realization of a product.
It refers to the computer software that is used to both design and manufacture products.It is to improve the design and
creation of dental restorations,especially dental prostheses, including crowns,crown lays,veneers,inlays and onlays,
fixed bridges, dental implant restorations, dentures (removable or fixed), and orthodontic appliances. These are
systems that can design and produce restoration out of blocks or blanks of ceramics. CAD/CAM is one of the highly
competent dental lab technologies. Without this technology we wouldn't have the range and quality of products
available.Hand-building and manual techniques still very much have their place and design education needs to
treasure and foster these skills so that future generations will have the 'hands-on' skills to understand the man-made
world and provide the next generation of engineers,designers and technicians.
CAD/CAM was first introduced to dentistry in the mid-1980s. Both chair side and chair side-laboratory integrated
procedures are available for this restoration fabrication.In selecting which procedure to follow,consideration should be
given to aesthetic demands, chair side time, laboratory costs, number of visits and convenience and return on
investment associated with CAD/CAM equipment. Depending on the method selected, CAD/CAM ceramic blocks
available for restoration fabrication include leucite-reinforced ceramics, lithium di silicate, zirconia, and composite
resin.In order to determine which type of ceramic to use,the practitioner must take into account aesthetics,strength,and
ease of customizing milled restorations. It gives both the dentist and the laboratory technician an opportunity to
automate fixed restoration fabrication and to offer patients highly aesthetic restorations in just one or two visits.These
technologies are responsible for massive gains in both productivity and quality,particularly since the 1980s.This article
is to provide information on restorative procedures and ceramic materials using CAD/CAM technology.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL GRADING OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA BY MICRONUCLEI ASSAY, A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER IN ORAL EXFOLIATED CELLS
Authors: Jatiya Noratan , Rajak Vijay , Soni Savita
Published: May 2021

Background: Micronucleus is a microscopically visible round or oval cytoplasmic chromatin mass in the extra nuclear
vicinity, originated from aberrant mitosis, which consists of eccentric chromosomes that have failed to reach spindle
poles during mitosis and are used as biomarkers for assessment of DNA damage. Micronuclei in exfoliated oral
epithelial cells have been shown in some studies to correlate with severity of this genotoxic damage. This severity can be
measured in terms of grading of the lesions.
Aim: To correlate frequency of micronuclei (MN) in oral exfoliated cells in clinically diagnosed cases of oral squamous
cell carcinoma (OSCC) followed by a histopathological grading.
Materials and Methods : The study subjects consisted of clinically diagnosed cases of OSCC. Healthy subjects without
any tobacco consumption habits formed the control group.The cytosmears from both groups were stained with rapid
Papanicolaou stain. MN were identified according to the criteria given by Tolbert et al.
Results: The frequency of MN was three to four times higher in patients with OSCC as compared to patients in the control
group and the difference was found to be highly significant. In 75% cases, the cytological grade as determined by the
frequency of micronuclei correlated with the histopathological grade and this observation was statistically significant.
Conclusions : The MN is potentially an excellent candidate to serve as such a biomarker for prediction of the grade of
OSCC.
STUDENTS' ENGAGEMENT AND THEIR PERFORMANCES IN MATHEMATICS
Authors: L. Flores Sonny Bhoy , Tamban Victoria E. , Lacuarin Nenette M. , Bando Marcial M. , Cortezano Glen P.
Published: May 2021

This study aimed at determining the relationship between students' engagement (behavioral, emotional and cognitive
engagement) and their performance in Mathematics of grade 6 pupils of Malaban Elementary School. Descriptive
correlational method research design was employed in this study. In this study, the instruments used are survey
questionnaire of Bivariate Analysis and Chi-square The results show that the students gave a unifying perception on their
level of behavioral engagement (2.90-engage), emotional engagement (2.74-engage), cognitive engagement (2.98-
engage) in Mathematics.The mean performance of students in Mathematics was satisfactory with an average of 80.42
median of 80 mode of 76 and standard deviation of 3.77.The researchers concluded that there is significant evidence to
reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there was a moderate,positive relationship between academic performance
and behavioral engagement. For the emotional and academic performance there was a significant evidence to accept
the null hypothesis and conclude that was no relationship between academic performance and emotional engagement,
while there was a moderate, positive relationship between cognitive engagement and academic performance. The
researchers recommended to initiate activities that can help boost the students' engagement in Mathematics for it was
shown some significant relationship to their mathematics performance
Open Application for Global Connectivity with Smart Video Conferencing Technology
Authors: Miranda Joel
Published: May 2021

Advancements in mobile phones and technologies, have forced the mobile software community to develop smart applications which can help users in general purposes. During the pandemic, people have shifted their focus onto Video chatting and conferencing applications for conducting business, schools, and universities. The current software’s available provide several useful functions like live transcripts, allow users to create notes and providing third party application support. But there are certain areas where, video conferencing applications can improve upon primarily in interns of language support. This application will provide a new video conferencing feature which is live translation of speech which could help conduct business and conducting lectures.
Reconstructing the Unveiling Demonstration of the ENIAC
Authors: Stuart Brian
Published: May 2021

Reports on a reimplementation of the ENIAC programming demonstrated at its unveiling on Feb 15, 1946. The reconstructed demonstration is shown in the YouTube video: https://youtu.be/SGBT2Danh-g
Smart Mask – Wearable IoT Solution for Improved Protection and Personal Health
Authors: Hyysalo Jarkko , Dasanayake Sandun , Hannu Jari , Schuss Christian , Rajanen Mikko , Leppänen Teemu , Doermann David , Sauvola Jaakko
Published: May 2021

The use of face masks is an important way to fight the
COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we envision the Smart Mask,
an IoT supported platform and ecosystem aiming to prevent and
control the spreading of COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses.
The integration of sensing, materials, AI, wireless, IoT, and
software will help gathering of health data and health-related
event detection in real time from the user as well as from their
environment. In larger scale, with the help of AI-based analysis for
health data it is possible to predict and decrease medical costs with
accurate diagnoses and treatment plans, where comparison of
personal data to large-scale public data enables drawing up a
personal health trajectory, for example. Key research problems
for smart respiratory protective equipment are identified in
addition to future research directions.
On the Formulation and Implementation of the Love's Constraint for the Source Reconstruction Method
Authors: Phaneuf Mario , Mojabi Puyan
Published: May 2021

The formulation and implementation of the Love's condition constraint for the source reconstruction method (SRM) in near-field antenna measurements is analyzed in the context of inverse problems. To this end, the SRM is first analyzed to identify the non-unique or non-radiating current sources which may be present. Next, the advantages and disadvantages of general regularization techniques, which may address the non-radiating currents, are presented which serve to motivate the use of the Love's condition constraint. The main methods of formulating the constraint are then presented, one of which is a novel technique developed for this paper. Following this, the formulation methods are analyzed in order to predict the similarities and differences of the methods in the context of addressing the non-radiating currents of the SRM. This analysis is reinforced by simulated antenna measurements. In particular, the novel formulation method is demonstrated to provide greater reconstruction accuracy (in the examples considered), at the cost of computational complexity.
Decision Boundary Computation-based Over-sampling for Imbalance Learning
Authors: Sun Yi , Cai Lijun , Xu JunLin , Liao Bo , Zhu Wen
Published: May 2021

Over-sampling is a very effective method to solve
the imbalanced problem by generating new synthetic samples for the minority class. But rare over-sampling methods focus on the borderline between classes and only use the linearinterpolation between boundary samples to fill the decision boundary, so not take full use of information in the decision boundary at all. To fill this gap, one novel method named Decision Boundary Computation-based Oversampling is proposed. Firsts, the novel method treats surrounding areas of both boundary majority and minority samples as the decision boundary. Then, compute it’s area belonging to majority class and treat the remained one as the area belonging to the minority class. Thus, the novel method greatly enhances the full use of boundary information and implicitly complements the nature insufficiency of information of minority class at the same time. Finally, new synthetic samples are generated in the partition of decision boundary of minority class. Extensive experiments indicate the good performance of proposed method when compared with other state-of-art methods.
Decision Boundary Computation-based Over-sampling for Imbalance Learning
Authors: Sun Yi , Cai Lijun , Xu JunLin
Published: May 2021

Imbalanced problem, one significant challenge in data mining, occurs when the number of samples in one class (minority) is obviously smaller than the other one (majority). Over-sampling methods that generating new synthetic samples for the minority class have been proven to be effective. But rare over-sampling methods focus on the decision boundary between classes and none of them are proposed to directly compute the certain area of decision boundary for imbalanced problem. Thus, one novel method named Decision Boundary Computation-based Oversampling is proposed to fill this gap. The novel method employs the intuitive observation, that both boundary samples and their surrounding areas corporately constitute the decision boundary, to compute the partition belonging to the minority class by subtracting the partition of majority class from their corporate one. Which greatly enhancing the full use of boundary information brought by both boundary individuals and their near areas, and implicitly complement the nature information insufficiency of minority class at the same time. Finally, new synthetic samples are generated in the partition of decision boundary of minority class. Extensive experiments indicate the good performance of proposed method when compared with other state-of-art methods.
Loss Minimization in Distribution Network using Wind Power Plant Reactive Power Support
Authors: Baviskar Aeishwarya , Das Kaushik , Hansen Anca Daniela , Menegatos Panos
Published: May 2021

The increased penetration of wind power plants (WPPs) in distribution networks challenges the distribution system operators (DSOs) to improve and optimize networks’ operation. A higher amount of local power production translates to more losses in the network. This paper proposes a deterministic optimization methodology to minimize the losses in distribution networks with WPPs, by exploiting WPPs’ capability to control reactive power in coordination with the on-load tap changers from the MV/HV transformer, avoiding the need for network reinforcements. The principal objective is to optimize the reactive power ﬂow in the network. Measurements from a real distribution network with a large share of controllable WPPs under varying wind and load conditions are used for the study. The beneﬁts and the challenges of the optimization methodology are assessed and discussed with respect to active power losses, voltage proﬁle and reactive power. The results show that with reactive power support from WPPs, network losses are reduced by 4.2 %. Higher loss reductions (up to 19 %) can be achieved through a coordinated action between the WPPs and TSO. Furthermore, it is shown that the distribution network can act as an asset to the transmission network for reactive power support, via actively controlling WPP’s reactive power.
Identifikasi Karakteristik Penderita Covid-19 di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Arifin Zaenal Arifin , Melati Inayati Albayani  , Baiq Ruli Fatmawati  , Marthilda Suprayitna
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 merupakan penyakit infeksi saluran pernafasan yang disebabkan oleh coronavirus yang termasuk betacoronavirus yang berkaitan dengan penyebab Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2. Setelah ditemukan pada akhir tahun 2019  dalam waktu yang relatif singkat COVID-19 telah menyebar di 213 negara dengan jumlah kematian sebanyak 175.825 orang dari 2.549.632 kasus yang terkonfirmasi. Sedangkan di Indonesia didapatkan jumlah kasus positif COVID-19 sebanyak 7.775 kasus dengan jumlah meninggal sebanyak 647 orang.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien yang terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19 di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan observasional. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa hasil press release dari satgas pencegahan dan penanganan COVID-19 Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat periode Mei sampai Juni 2020. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan total sampling dan didapatkan sampel sebanyak 643 sampel. Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa terbanyak pasien pada kelompok umur 26-35 tahun sebanyak 140 orang (21,8%), dengan Jenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 402 orang (62,5%), dan sebagian berasal dari Kota Mataram yaitu sebanyak 235 orang (36,5%), yang tidak memiliki riwayat perjalanan dari daerah terkonfirmasi didapatkan 410 orang (63,6%), dan yang memiliki riwayat kontak dengan pasien COVID-19 sebanyak 327 orang (50,9%). Kesimpulan  sebagian besar penderita terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19 antara bulan Mei-Juni 2020 di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat paling pada kelompok umur 26-35 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki dan memiliki riwayat kontak dengan pasien COVID-19.
Reflective Practice: its Contributions for Initial Pre-service Teachers and Further Teachers’ Professional Development
Authors: Ahsanu Muhamad
Published: May 2021

This article deals with the notion of reflective practice (RP) and how it may contribute to the professional development in teacher education programs especially for pre-service teachers and in-service teachers within the context of Indonesia. It aims to explore and explain the stance and features of RP and how it can serve to help both pre-service and in-service teachers improve their teaching quality and develop their teaching professionalism, especially those involved in English language teaching (ELT). This article examines the feasibility of this concept to be applied in Indonesian pedagogical contexts. Being widely accepted as an empowering teaching mode practice in most parts of the world, this RP plays a central role in triggering teachers' professional development, leading the teachers to be self-learning, autonomous learning, self-evaluating, and problem-solving-oriented practitioners. The research method used in this article is library research, through which the standpoint and characteristics of RP are explored and disclosed, and RP's potential can be maximized systematically. This library research method is realized based on the five research problems posed in this article. The same data on RP were extracted from research articles and textbooks on RP. The main findings suggest such aspects as the conceptualization of RP, defining features of RP practitioners, benefits teachers can gain from RP, and potential contributions of RP for both pre-service and in-service teachers' teaching competence and continual professional development. Hence, this RP article potentially provides a meaningful paradigm for language teachers and enriches their pedagogical repertoire.  Thus, this article brings about two important notes. First, it theoretically portrays how RP can meaningfully affect the efficacy of ELT practice in Indonesia. Secondly, it fundamentally sets out RP conceptualization as the basis for professional teaching practice through continuous learning and development. That is, learning to develop through a critical self-evaluation of teachers' teaching practice
Penguatan Perilaku Sehat Masyarakat Desa Bokor Kecamatan Tumpang Kabupaten Malang Melalui Sosialisasi Pemilahan Sampah Rumah Tangga
Authors: Solekah Nihayatu Aslamatis
Published: May 2021

Abstrak: Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan di Desa Bokor Kecamatan Tumpang Kabupaten Malang. Kondisi obyek dampingan dapat diidentifikasi beberapa permasalahan yang muncul, adanya perilaku yang kurang tepat dari masyarakat bokor yang membuang sampah sembarangan. Mereka membuang sampah di sungai, dan pekarangan sehingga bisa mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan sekitar. Metode yang dipakai dalam pengabdian ini adalah PAR (participation action research). Langkah-langkah yang dilakukan dalam pengabdian ini diawali FGD dengan Pemerintahan Desa, Stake holder dan masyarakat itu sendiri, dilanjutkan dengan sosialisasi dan pendampingan perilaku masyarakat desa Bokor dengan memilah sampah organik dan unorganik, serta memberikan fasilitas tong sampah yang didistribusikan ke warga desa Bokor warga agar terjadi perubahan membuang sampah tidak disungai tapi dibuang pada tong sampah yang yang sudah disediakan. Sehingga mereka tidak lagi membuang sampah rumah tangganya di sembarang tempat dan sungai. Mitra kerja dalam pengabdian ini adalah karang taruna serta ibu PKK yang didukung sepenuhnya oleh Kepala desa dan perangkatnya.Abstract: This community service activity was carried out in Bokor Village, Tumpang District, Malang Regency. The condition of the assisted object can be identified several problems that arise, the existence of inappropriate behavior from the bokor community who littering. They throw garbage in rivers and yards so that it can cause pollution to the surrounding environment. The method used in this service is PAR (participation action research). The steps taken in this service began with an FGD with the Village Government, Stakeholders, and the community itself, followed by socialization and mentoring the behavior of the Bokor village community by sorting organic and unorganic waste, as well as providing trash can facilities that were distributed to residents of the village of Bokor. There has been a change in disposing of garbage, not in the river but discarded in the trash can that has been provided. So that they no longer throw their household waste in any place and river. The partners in this service are youth organizations and PKK mothers who are fully supported by the village head and his apparatus.
Promosi Kesehatan ibu dan Anak pada ibu-ibu Bayi/Balita di RW 18 Kelurahan Jayawaras Kabupaten Garut
Authors: Sumarna Umar , Sumarni Nina , Rosidin Udin
Published: May 2021

Abstrak: Kesehatan ibu dan anak merupakan salah satu faktor yang penting untuk menentukan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Seperti yang terjadi di Indonesia, tingginya angka kematian ibu dan anak akan berdampak pada menurunnya tingkat kesehatan masyarakat. Hal ini terjadi karena rendahnya pengetahuan ibu tentang  pemeliharaan kesehatan ibu dan anak. Untuk itu, tim pengabdian bertujuan menekan peningkatan kasus tersebut dengan cara memberikan promosi kesehatan terhadap salah satu kelompok masyarakat di Indonesia, yaitu ibu-ibu bayi dan balita di RW 18 Kelurahan Jayawaras Kabupaten Garut. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah, tanya jawab, dan demonstrasi. Hasil dari pendidikan kesehatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan ibu-ibu tentang pemeliharaan kesehatan ibu dan anak. Peningkatan pengetahuan ditunjukkan dengan hasil pretes dengan rata-rata nilai 69,64 menjadi 84,64 pada nilai postes, nilai minimal 50 pada pretes menjadi 60 pada postes, dan nilai maksimal 80 pada pretes menjadi 100 pada postes. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa ibu-ibu di RW 18 sangat antusias dalam mengikuti pendidikan kesehatan tersebut dikarenakan mereka merasa membutuhkan.Abstract: Maternal and infant/toddler health is an important factor and greatly determines the degree of public health. As happened in Indonesia, caused by the height of maternal and infant/toddler mortality rate impacts a low degree of public health. This happens caused by the low knowledge of ma about maternal maintaining maternal and infant/toddler health. For this reason, the community dedication team aimed to suppress the increase in cases by providing health promotion to one of the community groups in Indonesia, namely maternal in RW 18 Jayawaras Village Garut Regency. The methods used were lectures, discussion, and demonstrations. The results of health promotion indicated an increase in maternal knowledge about maintaining maternal and infant/toddler health. The increase in knowledge of the participants was shown by the results of pre-tests with an average score of 69.64 to 84.64 on post-test values, a minimum value of 50 on the pre-test to 60, and a maximum value of 80 on the pre-test to 100 in post-test. These results prove that the maternal in RW 18 Jayawaras village were very enthusiastic in participating in the health promotion because they felt they needed it.
AZƏRBAYCANLA GÜRCÜSTAN ARASINDA İQTİSADİ-SİYASİ ƏLAQƏLƏRİN TARİXİ
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti Magistrant, Elmar qızı Mehtiyeva Nuran
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the history of Azerbaijani-Georgian relations, the dynamics of economic relations between the two countries, the impact of the events of the 1990s on economic relations between the two countries, and energy policy between the two countries. Key words: energy policy, economic and financial difficulties, geographical factor
Comparative analysis of 8th grade textbooks taught in Azerbaijani and Polish schools
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti magistrant, Mehman qızı Quliyeva Nigar
Published: May 2021

The teaching of geography in educational institutions is changing in accordance with the requirements of educational reforms carried out in recent years. It is interesting that the applied changes exist in world practice. For this purpose, it is possible to study the content and structure of textbooks compiled in different countries of the world, to determine their specific features, to use examples that are relevant to our education system, to increase the effectiveness of reforms. Key words: azerbaijani textbook, polish textbook, educational program, illustration, analysis
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF MARINE INSURANCE
Authors:   Bаku Stаte University мaster, Shahin Alizada Tahmina
Published: May 2021

The article describes the fundamental principles of marine insurance. It mainly examines the principle of "utmost good faith" which is the cornerstone of insurance law. The main aim of an article is to help the reader to gain basic knowledge and understanding of the legal principles of marine insurance. The fundamental principles governing marine insurance are very helpful in the assessment of loss and the claim in the maritime insurance industry. As in all contracts of insurance on the property, also marine insurance contract is based on the fundamental principles. Key words: marine insurance, Marine Insurance Act 1906, principles of marine insurance, utmost good faith, insurable interest
The concept and characteristics of cybercrimes in international law
Authors:   Бакинский государственный университет магистрант, Имдат оглу Гасанов Ильгар
Published: May 2021

The article examines the concept and characteristic features of cybercrime in modern international law, their types and possible ways of their commission. The concepts of cybercrime and cybercriminal are currently used quite widely in connection with what happened in the 21 st centry information and telecommunication breakthrough and became an integral part of all spheres of human life. Cybercrime is cross-border in nature. Therefore, criminals (especially hachers) can commit crimes from a country where such activity is not illegal or there is no legislation on this activity. Key words: cybercrime, international law, transnational crimes, Internet, xenophobia, content, convention