bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Profiling of Skin Aging Protective Effects of Tremella fuciformis-Derived Polysaccharides on D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Liu Xiaofei , Guan Jingjing , Chen Jin , Xu Xiaofei
Published: November 2024

In the present study, a heteromannan primarily composed of mannose, fucose, xylose, glucose, and arabinose at a molar ratio of 4.78:1.18:1:0.82:0.11 containing a low proportion of glucuronic acid with weight-average molecular weights of 3.6 × 106 Da, named NTP, was prepared from the fruiting body of Tremella fuciformis. The anti-skin-aging effects of NTP on d-Galactose-induced aging mice and the biological mechanisms were investigated by an iTRAQ-based proteomics approach. NTP substantially mitigated skin aging characterized by a decreased loss of hydroxyproline and hyaluronic acid and reduced oxidative stress in the skin. Moreover, 43 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in response to NTP, of which 23 were up-regulated and 20 were down-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these DEPs were mainly involved in the biological functions of cellular and metabolic regulations, immune system responses, and structural components. The findings provided new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying the anti-skin-aging actions of T. fuciformis-derived polysaccharides and facilitated NTP applications in naturally functional foods.
Theoretical Study of the Magnetic Mechanism of a Pca21 C4N3 Monolayer and the Regulation of Its Magnetism by Gas Adsorption
Authors: Zhao Dongqiu , Tang Xiao , Gao Xueying , Xing Wanyan , Liu Shuli , Yin Huabing , Ju Lin
Published: November 2024

For metal-free low-dimensional ferromagnetic materials, a hopeful candidate for next-generation spintronic devices, investigating their magnetic mechanisms and exploring effective ways to regulate their magnetic properties are crucial for advancing their applications. Our work systematically investigated the origin of magnetism of a graphitic carbon nitride (Pca21 C4N3) monolayer based on the analysis on the partial electronic density of states. The magnetic moment of the Pca21 C4N3 originates from the spin-split of the 2pz orbit from special carbon (C) atoms and 2p orbit from N atoms around the Fermi energy, which was caused by the lone pair electrons in nitrogen (N) atoms. Notably, the magnetic moment of the Pca21 C4N3 monolayer could be effectively adjusted by adsorbing nitric oxide (NO) or oxygen (O2) gas molecules. The single magnetic electron from the adsorbed NO pairs with the unpaired electron in the N atom from the substrate, forming a Nsub-Nad bond, which reduces the system’s magnetic moment from 4.00 μB to 2.99 μB. Moreover, the NO adsorption decreases the both spin-down and spin-up bandgaps, causing an increase in photoelectrical response efficiency. As for the case of O2 physisorption, it greatly enhances the magnetic moment of the Pca21 C4N3 monolayer from 4.00 μB to 6.00 μB through ferromagnetic coupling. This method of gas adsorption for tuning magnetic moments is reversible, simple, and cost-effective. Our findings reveal the magnetic mechanism of Pca21 C4N3 and its tunable magnetic performance realized by chemisorbing or physisorbing magnetic gas molecules, providing crucial theoretical foundations for the development and utilization of low-dimensional magnetic materials.
Design and Optimization of MoS2@rGO@NiFeS Nanocomposites for Hybrid Supercapattery Performance and Sensitive Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Yasmeen Aneeqa , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Alqarni Areej S. , Iqbal Muhammad Waqas , Mumtaz Sohail
Published: November 2024

Metal sulfide-based composites have become increasingly common as materials used for electrodes in supercapacitors because of their excellent conductivity, electrochemical activity, and redox capacity. This study synthesized a composite of NiFeS@MoS2@rGO nanostructure using a simple hydrothermal approach. The synthesized nanocomposite consisted of the composite of nickel sulfide and iron sulfide doped with MoS2@rGO. A three-electrode cell is employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the NiFeS@MoS2@rGO electrode. The results demonstrated an optimal specific capacitance of 3188 F/g at 1.4 A/g in a 1 M KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, a supercapattery is designed utilizing NiFeS@MoS2@rGO//AC as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode materials. The resulting supercapattery is designed at a cell voltage of 1.6 V, achieving a specific capacity value of 189 C/g at 1.4 A/g. It also demonstrated an excellent energy density of 55 Wh/kg with an enhanced power density of 3800 W/kg. Furthermore, the hybrid device demonstrated remarkable stability with a cycling stability of 95% over 30,000 charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 1.4 A/g. The supercapattery, which has excellent energy storage capabilities, is used as a power source for operating different portable electronic devices.
Analytical Determination of Squalene in Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Processing By-Products, and Its Valorization as an Ingredient in Functional Food—A Critical Review
Authors: Barp Laura , Miklavčič Višnjevec Ana , Moret Sabrina
Published: November 2024

Squalene is a bioactive compound with significant health benefits, predominantly found in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and its processing by-products. This critical review explores the analytical determination of squalene in EVOO and various by-products from olive oil production, highlighting its potential as a valuable ingredient in functional foods. An overview of existing analytical methods is provided, focusing on different approaches to sample preparation before analytical determination, evaluating their effectiveness in quantifying squalene concentrations. Studies not primarily centered on analytical methodologies or squalene quantification were excluded. A critical gap identified is the absence of an official method for squalene determination, which hinders comparability and standardization across studies, underscoring the importance of developing a reliable, standardized method to ensure accurate quantification. The valorization of squalene involves advocating for its extraction from olive oil processing by-products to enhance sustainability in the olive oil industry. By recovering squalene, the industry can not only reduce waste but also enhance functional food products with this health-promoting compound. Additionally, there is a need for economically sustainable and environmentally friendly extraction techniques that can be scaled up for industrial application, thus contributing to a circular economy within the olive oil sector.
A Novel Delivery System for the Combined Use of Natural Ingredients: The Preparation of Berberine Hydrochloride–Matrine Liposomes and Preliminary Exploration of Their Anti-Tumor Activity
Authors: Xu Min , Ye Zhangkai , Liu JunJing , Zhu Shunpeng , Chen Yuchen , Cai Jia , Chen Yangxi , Wang Long , Zhang Liang , Ye Qiang
Published: November 2024

Berberine hydrochloride (BH) extracted from Coptis chinensis (CC) and Matrine (MT) separated from Sophora flavescens (SF) are alkaloids with potent anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Motivated by the clinical practice of using CC and SF together, we aimed to demonstrate that the synergistic application of the natural compounds BH and MT could enhance therapeutic effects and minimize side effects. Two types of liposomes, liposomes containing only BH (BH-LP) and liposomes containing both BH and MT (BH-MT-LP), were successfully prepared via the reverse evaporation method. The liposome preparation process was optimized by single-factor screening and the Box–Behnken experimental design method. The results showed that the liposomes had particle sizes in the range of 222.7 to 235.4 nm, polydispersity indicated in the range of 11.8% to 23.3%, and zeta potentials in the range of −35.9 to −31.1 mv. BH-MT-LP showed superior anti-tumor activity against MDA-MB-231, HepG-2, and HGC-27 cells in vitro. The incorporation of MT effectively promoted the anti-tumor effect of BH, while the controlled release from liposomes further enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of BH. Furthermore, based on the flow cytometry results, we speculated that BH-MT-LP might promote apoptosis by blocking the G1 phase of cells and inducing cell death. In conclusion, BH-MT-LP provides evidence for the combined use of natural compounds as a stable, safe, and practical drug delivery system for the treatment of potential cancers. Meanwhile, the successful preparation for BH-MT-LP also provides a new approach to the combined use of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients.
Study of Hard Protein Corona on Lipid Surface of Composite Nanoconstruction
Authors: Epanchintseva Anna V. , Baranova Svetlana V. , Poletaeva Julia E. , Bakhno Irina A. , Ryabchikova Elena I. , Dovydenko Ilya S.
Published: November 2024

The composition of the protein corona covering any nanoparticle (NP) when it enters a biological fluid determines the parameters of the NP’s interaction with the body. To “control” these parameters, it is important to know the composition of the protein corona, the determination of which is a complex task associated with the two-layer organization of the corona (hard and soft coronas). In a previous publication, we reported obtaining lipid-coated NPs with a full protein corona, isolating them, and proving the presence of the corona on the surface of the NPs. This work reports on the preparation, isolation, and purification of lipid-coated NPs bearing a hard corona. The protein corona composition was determined by using the LC–MS/MS method. Thirty-seven serum proteins were identified with a high degree of reliability. The hard corona contained various apolipoproteins, including apolipoprotein E, which can potentially affect the penetration of NPs into the cell.
Effects of Licorice Functional Components Intakes on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and NETWORK Toxicology
Authors: Wu Tianyu , Yang Jingyi , Xia Jiayue , Sun Guiju
Published: November 2024

Objective: To investigate the effects of licorice functional ingredient intake on blood pressure, explore its potential mechanisms of action, and provide safety information for personalized nutritional interventions in special populations and for the application of licorice-derived functional foods. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to 31 August 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the intake of licorice or its functional components were included. The range of continuous variables was assessed using the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals. Genes associated with hypertension were screened using an online database. Machine learning, receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis, molecular docking, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were employed to explore the potential mechanisms underlying licorice-induced blood pressure fluctuations. Results: Eight RCTs (541 participants) were included in the meta-analysis, which indicated interventions containing glycyrrhizic acid (GA) as the main component increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SBP: WMD [95% CI] = 3.48 [2.74, 4.21], p < 0.001; DBP: WMD [95% CI] = 1.27 [0.76, 1.78], p < 0.001). However, interventions dominated by licorice flavonoids(LF) had no significant effect on SBP or DBP (SBP: WMD [95% CI] = 0.58 [−1.15, 2.31], p = 0.511; DBP: WMD [95% CI] = 0.17 [−1.53, 1.88], p = 0.843). Three machine learning algorithms identified five biomarkers associated with hypertension: calmodulin 3 (CALM3), cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9), growth factor independence 1B transcriptional repressor (GFI1B), myosin light chain kinase (MYLK), and Ras suppressor-1 (RSU1). After removing biomarkers with lower validity and reliability, GFI1B, MYLK, and RSU1 were selected for subsequent analysis. The network toxicology results suggested that GA and its metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid may act on GFI1B, MYLK, and RSU1, influencing blood pressure fluctuations by modulating nitrogen metabolism signaling pathways. Conclusions: There were distinct differences in the effects of licorice functional components on blood pressure. Functional constituents dominated by GA were shown to increase both SBP and DBP, whereas those dominated by LF did not exhibit significant effects on blood pressure. The hypertensive mechanism of GA may involve the modulation of GFI1B, MYLK, and RSU1 to regulate nitrogen metabolic pathways.
Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire: VioScreen-Allergy
Authors: Pickett-Nairne Kaci , Glueck Deborah , Thomson Jessica , Weiss Rick , Fuller Kelly N. Z. , Fabbri Stefka , Schaefer Claudia , Evans Courtney , Bowhay Emily , Martinez Monica , Moore Wendy , Fleischer David , Venter Carina
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: An adapted version of an online pictorial food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), VioScreen-Allergy, assesses total dietary intake and intake of allergens and foods in the maternal diet index (MDI), linked to offspring allergy. This study assessed intermethod reliability, test–retest reliability, and external validity of the VioScreen-Allergy. Methods: Females of childbearing age were recruited at Denver Health and Children’s Hospital, Colorado, USA, and were asked to complete four 24 h recalls and two VioScreen-Allergy FFQs over the course of a month. All those with at least two 24 h dietary recalls and both VioScreen-Allergy assessments were analyzed. Energy-adjusted and non-adjusted linear mixed models (1) compared MDI scores and intake of nutrients and allergens as measures of intermethod reliability; (2) evaluated VioScreen-Allergy test–retest reliability as differences between repeated measurements; and (3) assessed external validity by modeling associations between VioScreen-Allergy-derived intake of beta-carotene and orange vegetables and Veggie Meter®-assessed skin carotenoids. Bonferroni corrections controlled multiple comparisons within the assessment. Results: Of 53 participants enrolled, 25 demographically dissimilar participants were included in the analysis. There were no significant differences between 24 h recall and VioScreen-Allergy mean intakes of macronutrients, micronutrients, allergens, or MDI, except for Vitamin C, niacin, and cashew allergen protein. There were no significant differences between repeated measurements of VioScreen-Allergy, either energy-adjusted or unadjusted. Both beta-carotene and orange vegetable servings were significantly associated with Veggie Meter®. Conclusions: Although non-significance could have been due to low power, clinical as well as statistical assessments of intermethod reliability, test–retest reliability, and external validity suggest that VioScreen-Allergy has reasonable utility for trials assessing food allergens and MDI in the context of overall intake. The VioScreen questionnaire can also be used in future studies to assess macro- and micronutrient intake. Additional validation studies assessing different portion sizes and foods eaten by infants and young children are currently undergoing.
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation and a Cafeteria Diet on Various Parameters in the Next Generation of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Yavuz İsmail Caner , Çiçek Betül
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is an increasingly widespread public health problem worldwide. MetS is associated with a cafeteria diet characterized by high fat and high simple carbohydrates. A cafeteria diet significantly affects serum glucose, creatine, urea, triglyceride, cholesterol and MetS parameters such as ALT, AST and ALP. Due to its epigenetic effects, vitamin D is important in controlling MetS parameters and minimizing MetS findings in subsequent generations. Methods: In this study, the effect of weekly 0.3 mL (1.000 IU/week) vitamin D intervention on MetS parameters was investigated in parental rats developing high-fructose MetS and their offspring. Offspring of MetS rats receiving and not receiving vitamin D supplementation were divided into four different groups and exposed to a cafeteria diet and vitamin D supplementation for eight weeks. Results: It was shown that parental rats in the intervention group had lower serum urea, glucose, creatine, total cholesterol, ALP, AST and ALT levels (p < 0.05). Serum urea, glucose, creatine, ALT, AST, ALP, triglyceride, total cholesterol levels and body weights were lower and HDL levels were higher in the offspring (p < 0.05). However, initial serum ALT and AST values were higher in the offspring of MetS parent rats receiving vitamin D supplementation and in the offspring of rats not receiving supplementation than in the offspring of supplemented parents. Conclusions: In conclusion, it was found that vitamin D supplementation improved MetS parameters in parent rats, positively affected MetS parameters in offspring rats despite an inadequate diet, and positively affected some MetS parameters by affecting epigenetic pathways in offspring born to MetS mothers.
The Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) Supplementation on Clinical Manifestations and Inflammatory Parameters in Individuals with Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Literature Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Nave Catarina Bento da , Pereira Paula , Silva Maria Leonor
Published: November 2024

Background. Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes dry mouth and eyes and can lead to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 5–10% of cases after 10 years. Clinical trials have shown that the oral administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) seems to have a beneficial effect on Sjögren’s syndrome. Aim. This literature review provides an overview of the effects of PUFA supplementation on clinical manifestations and inflammatory parameters in Sjögren’s syndrome. Methodology. We conducted a literature review using the PubMed, Biomed Central, and Cochrane Library electronic databases and using search terms “Sjögren” AND “omega-3”; and “omega-6” AND “fatty acids” AND “oil”. This literature review followed the PRISMA guidelines and included randomized clinical trials in humans with or without a control group using the oral administration of PUFA. Results. From 26 articles found in the databases, a total of 6 articles were included. Of these six trials, five trials showed an effect on clinical manifestations and three trials on inflammatory parameters. Most of the studies did not show a significant effect on the parameters analyzed. One study showed a significant improvement in dry keratoconjunctivitis compared to the control group. The results suggest that PUFAs may improve inflammatory parameters in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Conclusions. This literature review supports the idea that the oral administration of PUFA may possess a potential effect on clinical manifestations. However, due to the limited number of studies and the heterogeneity of clinical trial methodology, further investigations should be employed. Understanding the potential mechanism of action of PUFAs on clinical biomarkers in Sjögren’s syndrome may clarify their importance in clinical practice for health professionals.
Preparation and Complex Characterisation of Stabilised Gold Nanoparticles: Biodistribution and Application for High Resolution In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Turánek Jaroslav , Knötigová Pavlína Turánek , Kulich Pavel , Skoupý Radim , Hrubanová Kamila , Vaškovicová Naděžda , Fekete Ladislav , Kaňa Antonín , Mikulík Robert , Raška Milan
Published: November 2024

The Turkevich method was optimized to prepare gold nanoparticles (AuNP) stabilized by polyethyleneglycol (PEG) for µCT. Using various independent modalities, we thoroughly characterized the optimized PEG-AuNPs. Here, we show that PEG-AuNPs are retained in the blood and provide a high contrast in the high-resolution µCT imaging of blood vessels and inner organs. The biodistribution is characterized by prolonged circulation in the blood and accumulation in the liver, spleen and skin. The accumulation of AuNP in the skin resulted in the blue discoloration of eyes and the whole skin. In vitro experiments using a leukemic monocyte THP-1 cell line model expressing high levels of NLRP3 demonstrated that the NLRP3inflammasome was not activated by PEG AuNP. Over 9 months, the mice were scanned by µCT and were in good health. Scans in mice using PEG-stabilized AuNPs in this study were sharper, with a higher contrast, when compared to a commercial contrasting agent at the same dose. The PEG-AuNPs were morphologically and chemically stable for at least two years when stored in the refrigerator.
Achieving the Optimal AgO Concentrations to Modulate the Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Activity of Ag-ZnO/AgO Nanocomposites: In Vivo Investigations
Authors: do Carmo Neto José Rodrigues , Braga Yarlla Loyane Lira , Franco Pablo Igor Ribeiro , de Oliveira Jordana Fernandes , Trevisan Rafael Obata , Mendes Karen Martins , de Oliveira Milton Adriano Pelli , Celes Mara Rúbia Nunes , Silva Anielle Christine Almeida , Machado Juliana Reis , da Silva Marcos Vinícius
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: For the development of new treatments, the acute phase of Chagas disease (CD) in experimental models acts as a filter to screen out potentially effective interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate ZnO nanocrystals and Ag-ZnO/AgO nanocomposites containing different proportions of silver (ZnO:5Ag, ZnO:9Ag and ZnO:11Ag) in an experimental model of the acute phase of CD. Methods: C57Bl/6 mice were infected with 1000 forms of the Colombian strain of T. cruzi. The treatment was carried out by gavage with 5 mg/kg/d for 7 consecutive days from the first detection of parasitemia. Weight, parasitemia and survival were assessed during treatment and up to the day of euthanasia. After euthanasia, the cardiac and intestinal parasitism, inflammatory infiltrate, collagen deposition and cytokine dosages were analyzed. Results: It was observed that the nanocomposites ZnO:9Ag and ZnO:11Ag were the most effective in reducing parasitemia and increasing the survival of the infected animals. However, pure ZnO induced the maintenance of parasitemia and reduced their survival. The ZnO:9Ag and ZnO:11Ag nanocomposites were able to reduce the number of cardiac amastigote nests. In addition, they were responsible for reducing TNF-α and IL-6 in situ. ZnO:9Ag and ZnO:11Ag induced a reduction in the intestinal inflammatory infiltrate and neuronal protection in the myenteric plexus, as well as reducing TNF-α in situ. Conclusions: Based on these results, it is suggested that there is an ideal concentration in terms of the proportion of Ag/AgO and ZnO in nanocomposites for use against CD. Thus, ZnO:9Ag or ZnO:11Ag nanomaterials are potential candidates for the development of new biotechnological products for the therapy of CD.
A Multivariable Study of a Traveling Ionosphere Disturbance Using the Arecibo Incoherent Scatter Radar
Authors: Zhou Qihou , Li Yanlin , Gong Yun
Published: November 2024

We present the first simultaneous observations of a traveling ionosphere wave (TID) event, measuring electron concentration (Ne), vertical plasma drift (Vz), and ion and electron temperatures (Ti, Te) using the Arecibo incoherent scatter radar. A TID with a period of 135 min was evident in all four state variables in the thermosphere. The amplitudes of Vz and relative Ti fluctuations show only small height variations from 200 to 500 km and their vertical wavelengths increase with altitude. The Te fluctuation shows different characteristics from EISCAT in both phase and amplitude. When the geomagnetic dip angle is 45°, half of the driving gravity wave’s (GW’s) equatorward velocity is mapped to Vz. This meridional-to-vertical velocity coupling amplifies GW’s effect in Ne through vertical transport. The amplifying and anisotropic effects of the geomagnetic field explain the ubiquitous presence of TIDs and their preferred equatorward propagation direction in the geomagnetic mid-latitudes, as well as the midnight collapse phenomenon observed at Arecibo.
Weighted Fusion Method of Marine Gravity Field Model Based on Water Depth Segmentation
Authors: Chen Zhaoyu , Liu Qiankun , Xu Ke , Liu Xiaoyang
Published: November 2024

Among the marine gravity field models derived from satellite altimetry, the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) series and Denmark Technical University (DTU) series models are the most representative and are often used to integrate global gravity field models, which were inverted by the deflection of vertical method and sea surface height method, respectively. The fusion method based on the offshore distance used in the EGM2008 model is just model stitching, which cannot realize the true fusion of the two types of marine gravity field models. In the paper, a new fusion method based on water depth segmentation is proposed, which established the Precision–Depth relationship of each model in each water depth segment in the investigated area, then constructed the FUSION model by weighted fusion based on the precision predicted from the Precision–Depth relationship at each grid in the whole region. The application in the South China Sea shows that the FUSION model built by the new fusion method has better accuracy than SIO28 and DTU17, especially in shallow water and offshore areas. Within 20 km offshore, the RMS of the FUSION model is 5.10 mGal, which is 8% and 4% better than original models, respectively. Within 100 m of shallow water, the accuracy of the FUSION model is 4.01 mGal, which is 14% and 12% higher than the original models, respectively. A further analysis shows that the fusion model is in better agreement with the seabed topography than original models. The new fusion method can blend the effective information of original models to provide a higher-precision marine gravity field.
Detection of Ship Wakes in Dynamic Sea Surface Video Sequences: A Data-Driven Approach
Authors: Yu Chengcheng , Zhang Yanmei , Xiao Meifang , Zhang Zhibo
Published: November 2024

In order to enhance the detection of maritime vessel targets, considering the causal relationship between the motion of vessels and their wakes, as well as the characteristics of ship wakes such as large diffusion range and distinctive features, this paper proposes a data-driven method based on Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) for detecting and analyzing ship wakes in sea surface videos. The method, named Multi-dimensional Dynamic Mode Decomposition (MDDMD), segments the video sequence into smaller blocks and analyzes them at various resolution levels, effectively addressing the data analysis issues of large and complex systems. The MDDMD algorithm not only extracts key dynamic features but also reveals the intrinsic structure of the system at different scales, providing new perspectives for the in-depth understanding of nonlinear systems. Comparative experimental results with existing DMD and PCA algorithms demonstrate that the MDDMD algorithm has higher accuracy and robustness in ship wake detection. This study offers valuable insights for ship wake detection under complex maritime conditions and holds potential for practical application in the field of maritime surveillance.
A Review of Deep Learning-Based Remote Sensing Image Caption: Methods, Models, Comparisons and Future Directions
Authors: Zhang Ke , Li Peijie , Wang Jianqiang
Published: November 2024

Remote sensing images contain a wealth of Earth-observation information. Efficient extraction and application of hidden knowledge from these images will greatly promote the development of resource and environment monitoring, urban planning and other related fields. Remote sensing image caption (RSIC) involves obtaining textual descriptions from remote sensing images through accurately capturing and describing the semantic-level relationships between objects and attributes in the images. However, there is currently no comprehensive review summarizing the progress in RSIC based on deep learning. After defining the scope of the papers to be discussed and summarizing them all, the paper begins by providing a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in RSIC, covering six key aspects: encoder–decoder framework, attention mechanism, reinforcement learning, learning with auxiliary task, large visual language models and few-shot learning. Subsequently a brief explanation on the datasets and evaluation metrics for RSIC is given. Furthermore, we compare and analyze the results of the latest models and the pros and cons of different deep learning methods. Lastly, future directions of RSIC are suggested. The primary objective of this review is to offer researchers a more profound understanding of RSIC.
Shifting from Trade-Offs to Synergies in Ecosystem Services Through Effective Ecosystem Management in Arid Areas
Authors: Xu Yan , Song Xiaoyun , Deng Mingjiang , Bai Tao , Tao Wanghai
Published: November 2024

Human activities continuously alter the delivery of ecosystem services (ESs), which play a crucial role in human well-being. There is a pressing need for effective ecological management strategies that consider the spatial heterogeneity of ESs to support the transition from trade-offs to synergies. This study focuses on the Haba River Basin and examines characteristics of land-use change and the shift from trade-offs to synergies. The results indicate that from 1990 to 2000, the initial phase of land development, 10.65% of the land experienced change. Subsequently, during the intensive period of land development from 2000 to 2010, 30.29% of the land underwent significant transformation, with approximately 78% of grassland, sparse grassland, forested land, and desert converted into arable land. However, between 2010 and 2020, as the focus shifted towards the establishment of native vegetation. The intensity of land development decreased, and only a small percentage (3.65%) of the total area underwent changes. Based on an in-depth analysis of spatial heterogeneity from 1990 to 2020, it is believed there has been a shift from trade-offs to co-benefits between 2000–2010 and 2010–2020. The years 2010 and 2020 were pivotal time nodes for the transition from trade-offs to synergies and for reducing trade-offs, with NPP identified as a critical driving factor for comprehensive ES (CES) functions. By considering the trade-off–synergy relationship and hotspots of ecological service functions, combined with unified water resource management policies, comprehensive ecological management measures tailored to different regions are proposed. These measures have facilitated the implementation of robust ecological protection policies to shift ES development from trade-offs to synergies in arid areas, thereby enhancing overall ecosystem service functions in the Haba River Basin. The research findings offer crucial scientific support and guidance for ecosystem management in arid areas, particularly within Central Asia.
Fractional-Order Mathematical Modeling of Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Transmission in Hospitals
Authors: Alqahtani Zuhur , Shqair Mohammed , Albdaiwi Randa , Hagag Ahmed
Published: November 2024

This article investigates the environmental contamination and antibiotic exposure effect on the transmission dynamics of the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) model in hospitals using the fractional Adams–Bashforth–Moulton Method (ABMM). This epidemic model simulates the dynamics of patient populations, bacterial contamination, and healthcare worker safety under varying conditions. This model provides critical insights into the interactions between hospital practices, environmental factors, and infection dynamics, demonstrating the importance of symmetry in balancing hospital admission and discharge rates to manage infection spread effectively. The analysis extends to the impact of environmental bacterial density and hospital admission rates on patient colonization. Increasing admission rates introduce more susceptible patients, exacerbating infection spread when bacterial density is high. Conversely, lower admission rates and bacterial density result in a more controlled infection environment. The model further investigates how varying discharge rates influence colonization dynamics, highlighting that effective discharge practices can mitigate infection spread, especially in high-bacterial density scenarios. It must be noted that this model is studied fractionally for the first time. Overall, this model provides critical insights into the interactions between hospital practices, environmental factors, and infection dynamics, offering valuable guidance for infection control strategies and hospital policy formulation. By adjusting fractional order constant (σ) values and analyzing different scenarios, this research aids in understanding and managing bacterial infections in healthcare settings. The proposed method is able to provide the results presented in the figures within this study considering the influence of many factors.
Frobenius Local Rings of Order p4m
Authors: Alhomaidhi Alhanouf Ali , Alabiad Sami , Alsarori Nawal A.
Published: November 2024

Suppose R is a finite commutative local ring, then it is known that R has four positive integers p,n,m,k called the invariants of R, where p is a prime number. This paper investigates the structure and classification up to isomorphism of local rings with residue field Fpm and of length 4. Specifically, it gives a comprehensive characterization of Frobenius local rings of order p4m. Furthermore, we provide a detailed enumeration of the classes of all such rings with respect to their invariants p,n,m,k. Finite Frobenius rings are particularly advantageous for coding theory. This suitability arises from the fact that two classical theorems by MacWilliams, the Extension Theorem and the MacWilliams relations for symmetrized weight enumerators, can be generalized from finite fields to finite Frobenius rings.
Enhanced Oscillation Criteria for Non-Canonical Second-Order Advanced Dynamic Equations on Time Scales
Authors: Hassan Ahmed M. , Moaaz Osama , Askar Sameh S. , Alshamrani Ahmad M. , Affan Samy E.
Published: November 2024

This study aims to establish novel iterative oscillation criteria for second-order half-linear advanced dynamic equations in non-canonical form. The results extend and enhance recently established criteria for this type of equation by various authors and also encompass the classical criteria for related ordinary differential equations. Our methodology involves transforming the non-canonical equation into its corresponding canonical form. The inherent symmetry of these canonical forms plays a pivotal role in deriving our new criteria. By employing techniques from the theory of symmetric differential equations and utilizing symmetric functions, we establish precise conditions for oscillation. Several illustrative examples highlight the accuracy, applicability, and versatility of our results.
Optimization and Structural Analysis of Automotive Battery Packs Using ANSYS
Authors: Liu Yingshuai , Liu Chenxing , Tan Jianwei , He Yunli , Li Feng , Zhang Tengfei
Published: November 2024

The development of new energy vehicles, particularly electric vehicles, is robust, with the power battery pack being a core component of the battery system, playing a vital role in the vehicle’s range and safety. This study takes the battery pack of an electric vehicle as a subject, employing advanced three-dimensional modeling technology to conduct static and dynamic analyses. Through weight reduction and structural optimization, an innovative power battery pack design scheme is proposed, aiming to achieve a more efficient and lighter electric vehicle power system. The main research tasks are as follows: Firstly, we designed the main load-bearing components of a certain electric vehicle’s power battery pack and established a three-dimensional (3D) model. Then, the model was simplified according to the actual stress conditions of the power battery pack of the electric vehicle and imported into finite element analysis (FEA) software. Next, based on the fundamental principles of the finite element method (FEM), we conducted static analyses under three conditions: bumpy road sharp left turn, bumpy road sharp right turn, and bumpy road emergency braking. The analysis results indicate that the strength of the battery pack meets the allowable requirements, suggesting that the lower housing design has significant redundancy, providing guidance for subsequent optimization. Finally, through modal analysis, we extracted the first six modes of the power battery box, with the first mode frequency being 33.69 Hz. This suggests that the battery pack may experience resonance during actual operation. Based on the static and modal analysis results, we proposed a structural optimization and lightweight design solution for a certain electric vehicle battery pack and compared it with the pre-optimization data.
Integrated Approach to Cyclopiazonic Acid Cytotoxicity Using In Vitro (2D and 3D Models) and In Silico Methods
Authors: Martínez-Alonso Carmen , Izzo Luana , Rodríguez-Carrasco Yelko , Ruiz María-José
Published: November 2024

Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is an indole-tetramic acid neurotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium genera present mainly in fruit, cereals and nuts. This study compares the cytotoxicity produced by CPA after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure using both monolayers and 3D spheroids in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, CPA toxicokinetics was evaluated using in silico models. Cytotoxicity increased dose- and time-dependently, as shown by the MTT assay. The lowest CPA IC50 values were found in the monolayer study compared to the 3D spheroids at all exposure times (24 h: 864.01 vs. 1132; 48 h: 437 vs. 1069; 72 h: 392 vs. 567 nM). The CPA exposure on SH-SY5Y spheroid organization and morphology was also studied. Morphological changes, including spheroid disaggregation, were observed after mycotoxin exposure. The in silico methods, SwissADME and admetSAR, were used for short and full ADMEt profiles of CPA. The ADMEt predictive profile shows high gastrointestinal absorption and ability to penetrate the blood–brain barrier. Including in silico studies emphasizes the comprehensive approach to understanding mycotoxin toxicity and risk assessment. By combining in vitro 3D spheroid models with computational simulations, this study aims to provide a holistic perspective on the effects of CPA, enhancing the accuracy and relevance of our findings.
Botulinum Toxin Effects on Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tambasco Nicola , Nigro Pasquale , Mechelli Alessandro , Duranti Michele , Parnetti Lucilla
Published: November 2024

Freezing of gait is a frequent phenomenon and can be one of the most debilitating motor impairments in Parkinson’s disease, especially in the advanced stages. It is currently defined as a brief episodic absence or any marked reduction in the forward progression of the feet, despite the intention to walk. Greater severity of freezing of gait has been associated with more frequent falls, postural instability, and executive dysfunction. However, botulinum neurotoxin is one of the most widely administered therapies for motor and non-motor symptoms, including freezing of gait, in parkinsonism. To date, the literature has had conflicting results on the use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease patients. In light of this, we reviewed the findings of past studies that specifically investigated the effects of botulinum toxin on freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease in order to better understand this issue.
Serum microRNA 143 and 223 Gene Expression Profiles as Potential Biomarkers in Individuals with Hepatitis and COVID-19
Authors: da Silva Lucas Lima , Leon Luciane Almeida Amado , da Cruz Moreira Otacílio , da Costa Nunes Pimentel Coelho Wagner Luis , da Costa Vanessa Duarte , Ivantes Claudia Alexandra Pontes , Pollo-Flores Priscila , Lewis-Ximenez Lia Laura , de Paula Vanessa Salete , Villar Livia Melo
Published: November 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can act as biomarkers and descriptors of the association between infections and other diseases, such as hepatitis and COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the role of miRNA serum expression according to laboratory data concerning hepatitis and COVID-19. Seventy individuals recruited in Southern and Southeastern Brazil donated serum samples and were divided into four groups: (i) 20 negative subjects, (ii) 20 presenting hepatitis, (iii) 19 with COVID-19 and (iv) 11 with hepatitis and COVID-19. Three miRNAs (miR-122, miR-143 and miR-223) were evaluated using real-time PCR. Hematological and biochemical markers were also analyzed. MiR-143 and miR-223 were downregulated among the hepatitis/COVID-19 group (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between miR-223 and lymphocytes. There was a negative correlation between alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) for miR-143 and miR-223 and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) only for miR-223 (p < 0.05). For hepatic fibrosis (FIB-4), miR-122 and miR-143 had a greater association and miR-223 was more associated with a history of vaccination against COVID-19. MicroRNAs 143 and 223 could be useful as biomarkers for hepatitis coinfection with COVID-19.
Dimerization of Rabies Virus Phosphoprotein and Phosphorylation of Its Nucleoprotein Enhance Their Binding Affinity
Authors: Ribeiro Euripedes de Almeida , Leyrat Cédric , Gérard Francine C. A. , Jamin Marc
Published: November 2024

The dynamic interplay between a multimeric phosphoprotein (P) and polymeric nucleoprotein (N) in complex with the viral RNA is at the heart of the functioning of the RNA-synthesizing machine of negative-sense RNA viruses of the order Mononegavirales. P multimerization and N phosphorylation are often cited as key factors in regulating these interactions, but a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms is not yet available. Working with recombinant rabies virus (RABV) N and P proteins and using mainly surface plasmon resonance, we measured the binding interactions of full-length P dimers and of two monomeric fragments of either circular or linear N-RNA complexes, and we analyzed the equilibrium binding isotherms using different models. We found that RABV P binds with nanomolar affinity to both circular and linear N-RNA complexes and that the dimerization of P protein enhances the binding affinity by 15–30-fold as compared to the monomeric fragments, but less than expected for a bivalent ligand, in which the binding domains are connected by a flexible linker. We also showed that the phosphorylation of N at Ser389 creates high-affinity sites on the polymeric N-RNA complex that enhance the binding affinity of P by a factor of about 360.
The Influence of Fibers from Domestic Laundry Wastewater on the Clogging Process of a Filter
Authors: Nieć Jakub , Walczak Natalia , Spychała Marcin , Walczak Zbigniew
Published: November 2024

This study presents the impact of the size and shape of particles in laundry wastewater on the clogging process of a porous material. Clogging can be defined as a mechanical limitation of flow through porous media. The process of mechanical clogging was investigated in this study. The research was conducted in laboratory conditions in a filter column filled with glass beads whose diameter corresponded to coarse sand. The results reveal the influence of graywater quality on filter hydraulic conductivity and bed clogging, showing the impact of fiber particles in wastewater (sewage from home laundry) on the clogging process in soil. The results confirm that fiber particles significantly reduce filter permeability, particularly due to the formation of a filter cake. As analyzed in this paper, the distribution of quantitative data on particles of different sizes found in laundry wastewater indicates that they mainly accumulate in the upper layer, where particles with fiber lengths ranging from 0 to 1600 µm can be found. The average length of the fibers decreased with increasing depth. At a depth of approximately 10 cm, fibers with dimensions in the range of 0 to 100 μm were predominantly observed.
Enhanced Organics Removal Using 3D/GAC/O3 for N-Containing Organic Pharmaceutical Wastewater: Accounting for Improved Biodegradability and Optimization of Operating Parameters by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Goh Jun Wei , Tan Raphael Jun Hao , Wu Weiyi , Huang Zhaohong , Ong Say Leong , Hu Jiangyong
Published: November 2024

Pharmaceutical industry effluents often contain high concentrations of refractory organic solvents, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total dissolved solids (TDSs). These wastewaters, including N-containing organic solvents known for their persistence and toxicity, pose significant environmental challenges. The study evaluated the efficacy of 3D/Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)/O3 treatment compared to linear process additions when treating real pharmaceutical wastewater, and revealed a 2.73-fold enhancement in COD mineralization. The process primarily involves the direct oxidation of monoprotic organic acids found in real pharmaceutical effluents, such as acetic and formic acid, crucially influencing mineralization rates. Optimal conditions determined via the response surface methodology were 125 g/L GAC, 30 mA/cm2, and 75 mg/L O3, achieving high total organic carbon (TOC) and COD removal efficiencies of 87.19 ± 0.19% and 89.67 ± 0.32%, respectively (R2 > 0.9), during verification runs. Current density emerged as the key parameter for organic abatement, aligning with the emphasis on direct oxidation at the anode surface. This integrated approach enhances biodegradability (BOD5/COD) and reduces acute toxicity associated with persistent N-containing solvents, demonstrating promising applications in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.
Feasibility Study on Geothermal Dolomite Reservoir Reinjection with Surface Water in Tianjin, China
Authors: Liu Donglin , Cai Yun , Feng Zhaolong , Zhang Qiuxia , Hu Lisha , Li Shengtao
Published: November 2024

Reinjection is thought to be the most effective way to maintain reservoir pressure and production capacity for hydrothermal resources. The use of external water injection to replenish deep geothermal reservoirs is a new approach in China to addressing the problems of declining groundwater levels and energy depletion caused by the excessive and uneven exploitation of geothermal resources. However, the key challenge and focus of the feasibility assessment of this method lies in the chemical compatibility of the external water with the native geothermal reservoir water and surrounding rocks. In this paper, we discuss the geochemical response of a dolomite reservoir to lake water injection based on experiments on water–rock interaction in the Wumishan formation in the Dongli Lake area of Tianjin. The results show that after reactions with dolomite, the TDS of the reacted water decreases, indicating the occurrence of precipitation. According to the calculation results obtained using the PHQREEC program, the precipitation amount is found to be quite limited. Geochemical analysis indicates that at the initial stage of the reactions, plagioclase dissolves and releases alkaline metals like Ca-, Na-, SiO2- and Al-bearing compositions, leading to the oversaturation and precipitation of dolomite and calcite. As the reaction progresses, a portion of the dolomite dissolves, while the calcite continues to precipitate at a later stage. Illite precipitates and its effects on reservoir structure depend on its shape. Based on the experimental data, it can be concluded that the dolomite reservoir will be slightly affected by the reinjection of lake water; however, it is still a good method for the sustainable development of geothermal resources.