bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strong Plasmon-Mie Resonance in Si@Pd Core-Ω Shell Nanocavity
Authors: Guo Haomin , Hu Qi , Zhang Chengyun , Liu Haiwen , Wu Runmin , Pan Shusheng
Published: February 2023

The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) can be used to enhance the generation of the hot electrons in plasmon metal nanocavity. In this paper, Pd nanomembrane (NMB) is sputtered on the surface of Si nanosphere (NS) on glass substrate to form the Si@Pd core-Ω shell nanocavity. A plasmon-Mie resonance is induced in the nanocavity by coupling the plasmon resonance with the Mie resonance to control the optical property of Si NS. When this nanocavity is excited by near-infrared-1 (NIR-1, 650 nm–900 nm) femtosecond (fs) laser, the luminescence intensity of Si NS is dramatically enhanced due to the synergistic interaction of plasmon and Mie resonance. The generation of resonance coupling regulates resonant mode of the nanocavity to realize multi-dimensional nonlinear optical response, which can be utilized in the fields of biological imaging and nanoscale light source.
Detection of Sleeve Grouting Compactness Based on Acoustic Emission Technology
Authors: Yu Aiping , Li Xianghao , Fu Feng , Chen Xuandong , Zhang Yan
Published: February 2023

Sleeve grouting compactness has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of rebar connections. However, a detection method for the grouting compactness inside the sleeve is still lacking. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a new acoustic emission (AE) detection technology for horizontal defects and vertical defects in sleeves with different grout compactness. The basic waveform characteristic of the AE signal is analyzed. The results show that the count of acoustic emission signals decreases with the increase of grouting compactness, and the reduction rate of vertical defects is larger than that of horizontal defects. The acoustic emission waveform is further processed through wavelet packet decomposition. It is found that with the increase of grouting compactness, the composition of approximately 125–187.5 kHz in the signal is accelerated to approximately 62.5–125 kHz. The grouting compactness index is constructed by wavelet packet energy ratio. With the increase of grouting compactness, the compactness index decreases exponentially, indicating that the presence of defects can greatly reduce the attenuation of elastic wave energy. The compactness index is highly consistent with the size of defects and has little relationship with the distribution of grout materials. Experiments show that the proposed method is effective when grout defects reach a certain degree and provides a new method for sleeve grouting compactness detection.
Research into Specific Mechanical Properties of Composites Produced by 3D-Printing Additive Continuous-Fiber Fabrication Technology
Authors: Pokorný Peter , Delgado Sobrino Daynier Rolando , Václav Štefan , Petru Jana , Gołębski Rafał
Published: February 2023

This paper introduces novel research into specific mechanical properties of composites produced by 3D printing using Continuous-Fiber Fabrication (CFF). Nylon (Onyx) was used as the composite base material, while carbon constituted the reinforcement element. The carbon fiber embedment was varied in selected components taking values of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° for parts undergoing tensile testing, while one specific part type was produced combining all angles. Carbon-fiber-free components with 100% and 37% fillings were also produced for comparison purposes. Parts undergoing the Charpy impact test had the fibers deposited at angles of 0° and 90°, while one part type was also produced combining the four angles mentioned before. Carbon-fiber-free parts with 100% and 37% fillings were also produced for comparison purposes as with the first part. The Markforged MARK TWO 3D printer was used for printing the parts. These were subsequently scanned in the METROTOM 1500 computed tomography and submitted to the tensile and impact tests. The results showed that adding carbon fiber to the base material increased the volume of defects in the samples as a result of the porosity increase. Although the tensile testing manifested an overall increase in tensile strength Rm of up to 12 times compared to the sample without reinforcement, it was proven that an improper fiber orientation significantly diminished the strength and that combining the four selected angles did not lead to the highest strength values. Finally, the impact tests also showed that fiber-reinforced parts implied up to 2.7 times more work to fracture, and that an improved fiber orientation also led to strength reduction.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Potential Antimicrobial Applications
Authors: Dubadi Rabindra , Huang Songping D. , Jaroniec Mietek
Published: February 2023

There is an increased interest in porous materials due to their unique properties such as high surface area, enhanced catalytic properties, and biological applications. Various solvent-based approaches have been already used to synthesize porous materials. However, the use of large volume of solvents, their toxicity, and time-consuming synthesis make this process less effective, at least in terms of principles of green chemistry. Mechanochemical synthesis is one of the effective eco-friendly alternatives to the conventional synthesis. It adopts the efficient mixing of reactants using ball milling without or with a very small volume of solvents, gives smaller size nanoparticles (NPs) and larger surface area, and facilitates their functionalization, which is highly beneficial for antimicrobial applications. A large variety of nanomaterials for different applications have already been synthesized by this method. This review emphasizes the comparison between the solvent-based and mechanochemical methods for the synthesis of mainly inorganic NPs for potential antimicrobial applications, although some metal-organic framework NPs are briefly presented too.
Optimization of Continuous Casting for Preventing Surface Peeling Defects on Titanium-Containing Ferrite Stainless Steel
Authors: Feng Chien-Cheng , Lin Ming-Hong , Chen Yi-Cheng , Ou Shih-Fu , Huang Ching-Chien
Published: February 2023

The surfaces of cold-rolled titanium-containing ferrite stainless steel (TCFSS) strips produced from scrap are prone to severe peeling owing to cracking near slab inclusions during hot rolling. In this study, the Taguchi method was used to prevent peeling defects and clogging of the submerged entrance nozzle, and the optimal casting parameters, such as the degree of casting overheating, casting speed, stirring time, and inclination, were determined. The results showed that increasing the degree of casting overheating and decreasing the casting speed prevented clogging and effectively mitigated peeling defects. Sample A3B1C3D2 had the optimal parameters to reduce the clog thickness to less than 1.5 mm, i.e., a degree of overheating of 60 °C, a casting speed of 0.80 m/min, a stirring time of 12.0 s, and an inclination angle of 6.0°. Sample A3B1C1D3 had the optimal parameters to prevent peeling defects, i.e., a degree of overheating of 60 °C, a casting speed of 0.80 m/min, a stirring time of 10.0 s, and an inclination angle of 6.2°. When casting using these optimal parameters, no peeling defects were observed on the surfaces of the TCFSS strips. The TCFSS strips produced using the optimized parameters exhibited the required mechanical properties and satisfied the design criteria. The parameters included a tensile strength of ≥415 MPa, a yield strength of ≥205 MPa, an elongation of ≥22%, and a hardness of ≤89 HRB.
Failure Mechanism of Fiber-Reinforced Prestressed Concrete Containments under Internal Pressure Considering Different Fiber Types
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Sun Ye , Pan Xiaolan , Zhang Lianpeng
Published: February 2023

Current investigations of performance improvement in prestressed concrete containment vessels (PCCVs) with fiber reinforcement are scarce, and the type of fiber to select for PCCVs is not explicitly stated. The failure mechanism of PCCVs with fiber reinforcement under internal pressure is investigated in this paper. The effects of different fiber types, including rigid fiber, flexible fiber, and hybrid fiber, are considered for the creation of fiber-reinforced PCCVs. The mechanical behavior between conventional and fiber-reinforced PCCVs is scientifically compared and identified. The results demonstrate that to achieve the aim of inhibiting early cracking of the concrete, any type of fiber can be taken into account. The performance of the ultimate pressure capacity and yielding of the liner can be promoted, respectively, by introducing steel, steel-PP, and steel-PVA fiber-reinforced concrete. Additionally, the failure regions can be controlled to a certain extent under ultimate internal pressure via the appropriate use of FRC.
Effect of Contents on the Electrical and Piezoelectric Properties of (1 − x)(Bi, Na)TiO3–x(Ba, Sr)TiO3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Kang Seok-Mo , Kim Tae Wan , Kim Nam-Hoon , Kim Sung-Jin , Koh Jung-Hyuk
Published: February 2023

In this study, the composition of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1 − x)(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–x(Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 with excellent piezoelectric properties was investigated. Crystal analysis and electrical and piezoelectric properties were analyzed according to the content of the BST composition. A phase change from rhombohedral to tetragonal structure was observed in 0.12 BST, and the densest and most uniform microstructure was confirmed in this composition. The dielectric constant increased from 905 to 1692 as the composition of BST increased to 0.12 BST. Afterward, as the composition of BST increased, the permittivity tended to decrease. Additionally, at 0.12 BST, Pr was the highest at 23.34 μC/cm2. The piezoelectric charge constant (d33) and the electromechanical coupling coefficient (kp) were 152 pC/N and 0.37, respectively, and showed the highest values at 0.12 BST. Curie temperature (Tm) was analyzed 242 °C at 0.12 BST, the optimal composition. It was confirmed that the characteristics of 0.12 BST were excellent in all conditions. Therefore, it was confirmed that 0.12 BST is the optimal composition for (1 − x)BNT–xBST piezoelectric ceramics.
Polyacrylic Acid/Polyaniline-Coated Multimode Interferometer for Ammonia Detection
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhao Chao , Long Gang , Xia Binyun , Wan Liang , Niu Kunpeng , Hou Jianguo , Wang Jiale , Lei Lei , Wang Zhichao
Published: February 2023

A coaxial optical fiber interferometer (COFI) is proposed here for ammonia sensing, which comprises two light-carrying single-mode fibers (SMF) fused to a section of no-core fiber (NCF), thus forming an optical interferometer. The outer surface of the COFI is coated with a layer of polyacrylic acid (PAA)/polyaniline (PAni) film. The refractive index (RI) of the sensitive layer varies when PAA/PAni interacts with ammonia, which leads to the resonance wavelength shift. The surface morphology and structure of the PAA/PAni composites were characterized by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. When the sensor was exposed to an ammonia atmosphere of different concentrations at room temperature, the sensing performance of the PAA/PAni composite film was superior to that of a sensitive film formed by single-component PAA or PAni. According to the experimental results, the composite film formed by 5 wt% PAA mixed with 2 wt% PAni shows better performance when used for ammonia sensing. A maximum sensitivity of 9.8 pm/ppm was obtained under the ammonia concentration of 50 ppm. In addition, the sensor shows good performance in response time (100 s) and recovery time (180 s) and has good stability and selectivity. The proposed optical fiber ammonia sensor is adapted to monitor leakage in its production, storage, transportation, and application.
Influence of Elevated Temperature on Color Centers in LiF Crystals and Their Photoluminescence
Authors: Sankowska Małgorzata , Bilski Pawel , Marczewska Barbara , Zhydachevskyy Yaroslav
Published: February 2023

The radiation-induced photoluminescence (PL) of LiF has found its way into many applications for the detection and imaging of ionizing radiation. In this work, the influence of thermal treatment at temperatures up to 400 °C on absorption and PL emission spectra as well as fluorescent nuclear tracks in irradiated LiF crystals was investigated. It was found that carrying out PL measurements with the crystals kept at the temperature of about 80 °C leads to a considerable increase in luminescence emission of F3+ color centers at 525 nm. This enhancement of PL intensity allows for the microscopic imaging of the fluorescent nuclear tracks using only F3+ emission, which is not possible at room temperature. It was also found that heating the irradiated crystals before measurement at temperatures from 100 °C to 200 °C increases the concentration of F3+ centers. However, the related enhancement of PL emission is insufficient in terms of enabling the observation of the fluorescent tracks in this part of the spectrum. In the case of the main PL emission at 670 nm related to F2 centers, the thermal treatment at around 290 °C substantially increases the intensity of fluorescent tracks. This effect, however, was found to occur only at low fluences of alpha particles (up to about 109 cm−2); therefore, it is barely visible in the emission spectrum and not noticeable in the absorption spectrum.
Preparation of AlON Powder by Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation with Assisting by Silane Coupling Agent
Authors: Xue Zhongyuan , Wang Xingming , Liu Yuyang , Bai Xue , Gui Tao , Wang Xingqi , Li Xiaoning
Published: February 2023

In the preparation processes of aluminum oxynitride (AlON) powders by carbothermal reduction and nitridation, the homogeneity of mixed raw powders between Al2O3 and C is a critical factor by which the final composition and related properties of AlON transparent ceramic will be decided. In this paper, a silane coupling agent was used as a dispersant to optimize the distribution uniformity of raw material of Al2O3 and C, and the preparation of AlON powder with controllable composition and its distribution is investigated. The results show that the silane dispersant could effectively improve the distribution uniformity of raw material. The silane coupling agent contains functional groups of −SiH3 and −CnH2n+1O. XPS showed that the silane could react with C and Al2O3 to form the Si–C bond and C–Al2O3 bond, respectively. The silane coupling agent provides a connected bridge for raw material powders. When the amount of the silane was 5 wt%, the mixed powder had a great distribution uniformity. The addition of silane coupling agent improved the reactivity of raw materials and decreased the synthesis temperature of AlON. The single-phase AlON powder was obtained after the Al2O3/C mixed powder was kept at 1670 °C for 30 min. Furthermore, the grain size of AlON powder was 100–200 nm with an AlN content of 27.5 mol%. With the increase of holding time to 4 h, the grain size increased to 15 μm, indicating that sintering between particles occurred, which may reduce the sintering activity of the powder.
Self-Raman 1176 nm Laser Generation from Nd:YVO4 Crystal by Resonator Cavity Coating
Authors: Qin Fangzheng , Guo Kai , Ma Shihui , Zhu Han , Lin Yixin , Dong Xinkang , Jie Zhenyu , Zhu Yonghao , Xin Yawu , Peng Yongchao , Xiong Shifu , Hu Zhanggui
Published: February 2023

Crystal coating is an important process in laser crystal applications. According to the crystal characteristics of neodymium-doped yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO4), its intrinsic parameters, and optical film design theory, Ta2O5 and SiO2 were selected separately as high and low refractive index materials. The optical properties and surface roughness of the films were characterized by OptiLayer and Zygo interferometers, and the effects of ion source bias on refractive index and surface roughness were investigated so that the optimal ion source parameters were determined. Optical monitoring and quartz crystal control were combined to accurately control the thickness of each film layer and to reduce the monitoring error of film thickness. The prepared crystal device was successfully applied to the 1176 nm laser output system.
RC Bridge Oscillation Memristor Chaotic Circuit for Electrical and Electronic Technology Extended Simulation Experiment
Authors: Dou Gang , Zhang Yongcheng , Yang Hai , Han Mingqiao , Guo Mei , Gai Wendong
Published: February 2023

The fourth basic circuit component, the memristor, has been proposed for a long time, but it is not mentioned in the experiment teaching system of Electrical and Electronic Technology. In this paper, an RC bridge oscillation chaotic circuit based on memristor is designed to solve this problem. The dynamical behavior of the circuit system is analyzed using Lyapunov exponents spectrum, bifurcation diagram, phase portrait and Poincaré map. A series of complex dynamical behaviors such as symmetric single-scroll coexistence, asymmetrical single-scroll coexistence, symmetric double-scroll coexistence and asymmetrical limit–cycle coexistence exist in the circuit system. This research plays a critical role in enriching students’ knowledge and improving the experiment teaching system of Electrical and Electronic Technology.
Symmetrical Efficient Gait Planning Based on Constrained Direct Collocation
Authors: Chen Boyang , Zang Xizhe , Zhang Yue , Gao Liang , Zhu Yanhe , Zhao Jie
Published: February 2023

Biped locomotion provides more mobility and effectiveness compared with other methods. Animals have evolved efficient walking patterns that are pursued by biped robot researchers. Current researchers have observed that symmetry is a critical criterion to achieve efficient natural walking and usually realize symmetrical gait patterns through morphological characteristics using simplified dynamic models or artificial priors of the center of mass (CoM). However, few considerations of symmetry and energy consumption are introduced at the joint level, resulting in inefficient leg motion. In this paper, we propose a full-order biped gait planner in which the symmetry requirement, energy efficiency, and trajectory smoothness can all be involved at the joint level, and CoM motion is automatically determined without any morphological prior. In order to achieve a symmetrical and efficient walking pattern, we first investigated the characteristic of a completely symmetrical gait, and a group of nearly linear slacked constraints was designed for three phases of planning. Then a Constrained Direct Collocation (DIRCON)-based full-order biped gait planner with a weighted cost function for energy consumption and trajectory smoothness is proposed. A dynamic simulation with our newly designed robot model was performed in CoppliaSim to test the planner. Physical comparison experiments on a real robot device finally validated the symmetry characteristic and energy efficiency of the generated gait. In addition, a detailed presentation of the real biped robot is also provided.
Effects of Melaleuca alternifolia Chell (Tea Tree) and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Essential Oils on Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Biofilms
Authors: Iseppi Ramona , Mariani Martina , Benvenuti Stefania , Truzzi Eleonora , Messi Patrizia
Published: February 2023

In the present investigation, the anti-biofilm potential of two essential oils (EOs), Melaleuca alternifolia Chell (Tea-Tree) (TTO) and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (EEO) was characterized and tested “in vitro” against both mature biofilms and biofilms in the process of formation, produced by strains belonging to three main categories of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB): Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and broad-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL). The study was carried out in 96-well microtiter-plates using EOs alone, in association with each other and in combination with antibiotics against both single and multi-species biofilm. The study demonstrated the ability of TTO and EEO to counteract the ARB strains in sessile form, with promising results in particular against the biofilm in formation. Mature biofilm by ESBL E. coli was the most sensitive in the results from the quantification study of viable cells performed in multi-species biofilms. Lastly, in all tests, carried out using TTO/EEO associations and EOs/antibiotic combinations, the synergistic effect which emerged from the FIC-index has been confirmed, and both the reduction of biofilm in formation, and the removal of mature structure was obtained at very low concentrations, with values from 4 to >512-fold lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the single compounds.
Juice Powders from Rosehip (Rosa canina L.): Physical, Chemical, and Antiglycation Properties
Authors: Hendrysiak Aleksandra , Brzezowska Jessica , Nicolet Nancy , Bocquel Dimitri , Andlauer Wilfried , Michalska-Ciechanowska Anna
Published: February 2023

Fruits from rosehip (Rosa canina L.) are gaining popularity due to their content and profile of bioactive components. Rosehip is distinct for its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties. However, the abundance of these bioactives led to a tart taste, resulting in its consumption mainly in processed form. Due to microbiological safety, pasteurization is the preferred way of processing, which affects the chemical properties of the juice. A promising approach to improve acceptability of rosehip’s physical properties, while preserving its bioactive compounds and adding health-promoting benefits, is to enrich the rosehip juice with functional carriers before drying. The influence of the carrier type (maltodextrin, inulin, trehalose, palatinose) and drying technique (spray- and freeze-drying) on the physical, chemical, and antioxidant properties of pasteurized, and non-pasteurized juice powders was examined in this study. In addition, the ability of powders with functional carriers to inhibit protein glycation was evaluated. Spray drying led to products with improved physical properties in relation to freeze-drying. The addition of carrier substances significantly influenced the antioxidant capacity determined by TEAC ABTS and FRAP methods, whereby the application of inulin and palatinose retained antioxidant capacity better than the frequently used maltodextrin. Moreover, rosehip juice powders showed a promising ability to inhibit protein glycation.
A Stability-Indicating Assay for Tetrahydrocurcumin-Diglutaric Acid and Its Applications to Evaluate Bioaccessibility in an In Vitro Digestive Model
Authors: Jongjitphisut Nattapong , Thitikornpong Worathat , Wichitnithad Wisut , Thanusuwannasak Thanundorn , Vajragupta Opa , Rojsitthisak Pornchai
Published: February 2023

A simple and reliable ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) method was developed and validated for determination of tetrahydrocurcumin diglutaric acid (TDG) and applied for evaluation of its bioaccessibility. The analytical method was validated to demonstrate as a stability-indicating assay (SIA) according to the ICH Q2(R1) guidelines under various force degradation conditions including thermal degradation, moisture, acid and base hydrolysis, oxidation, and photolysis. The developed chromatographic condition could completely separate all degradants from the analyte of interest. The method linearity was verified in the range of 0.4–12 μg/mL with the coefficient of determination (r2) > 0.995. The accuracy and precision of the method provided %recovery in the range of 98.9–104.2% and %RSD lower than 4.97%, respectively. The limit of detection and quantitation were found to be 0.25 μg/mL and 0.40 μg/mL, respectively. This method has been successfully applied for the bioaccessibility assessment of TDG with the bioaccessibility of TDG approximately four fold greater than THC in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. The validated SIA method can also benefit the quality control of TDG raw materials in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development.
Development, Validation and Application of a Bridging ELISA for Detection of Antibodies against GQ1001 in Cynomolgus Monkey Serum
Authors: Liu Tingting , Sun Yajun , Deng Xiaojie , Shi Lili , Chen Wenyi , Fang Wenjing , Wu Junliang , Fan Xiaotian , Chen Xiaoqiang , Sun Jianhua , Qin Gang , Gong Likun , Qin Qiuping
Published: February 2023

Immunogenicity is a major issue associated with the PK, efficacy, and safety evaluation of therapeutic protein products during pre-clinical and clinical studies. A multi-tiered approach consisting of screening, confirmatory, and titration assays has been widely adopted for anti-drug antibody testing. GQ1001, a recombinant humanized anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 monoclonal antibody covalently linked to a cytotoxin of DM1, possesses a novel format of antibody–drug conjugates. In this study, we reported the development, validation, and application of an acid-dissociation bridging enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies against GQ1001 in cynomolgus monkey serum. The sensitivity of the screening assay was 126.141 ng/mL in undiluted serum. The screening assay and confirmatory assay were neither affected by the naïve monkey serum nor by 2% and 5% (v/v) erythrocyte hemolysates. Moreover, the assay was not subject to interference by 2500 ng/mL of human IgG1 in the samples. Drug interference at low positive control (150 ng/mL) and high positive control (8000 ng/mL) of anti-GQ1001 antibodies was not observed when GQ1001 concentrations were below 3.125 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, no hook effect was observed for the positive antibodies in the concentration range of 8 to 64 μg/mL. The validated assay was, thereafter, successfully applied to a single-dose toxicity study of GQ1001. Anti-drug antibody positive rates among dosing animals and testing samples were reported, and no significant impact was found on toxicokinetic outcomes.
An Undefined Interaction between Polyamines and Heat Shock Proteins Leads to Cellular Protection in Plasmodium falciparum and Proliferating Cells in Various Organisms
Authors: Makhoba Xolani H. , Ragno Rino , Kaiser Annette , Agostinelli Enzo
Published: February 2023

Environmental stimuli can distress the internal reaction of cells and their normal function. To react promptly to sudden environmental changes, a cascade of heat shock proteins (Hsps) functions to protect and act as housekeepers inside the cells. In parallel to the heat shock response, the metabolic polyamine (PA) status changes. Here, we discuss possible ways of putative interactions between Hsps and polyamines in a wide lineage of eukaryotic model organisms with a particular focus on parasitic protozoa such as Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum). The supposed interaction between polyamines and Hsps may protect the parasite from the sudden change in temperature during transmission from the female Anopheles mosquito to a human host. Recent experiments performed with the spermidine mimetic inhibitor 15-deoxyspergualine in Plasmodium in vitro cultures show that the drug binds to the C-terminal EEVD motif of Hsp70. This leads to inhibition of protein biosynthesis caused by prevention of eIF5A2 phosphorylation and eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) modification. These observations provide further evidence that PAs are involved in the regulation of protein biosynthesis of Hsps to achieve a protective effect for the parasite during transmission.
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Tibetan Pig Livers at Different Altitudes
Authors: Gu Xuedong , Chang Xinping , Yang Lin , Chamba Yangzom , Geng Fang
Published: February 2023

In this study, the differences in protein profiles between the livers of Shannan Tibetan pigs (SNT), Linzhi Tibetan pigs (LZT) and Jiuzhaigou Tibetan pigs (JZT) were comparatively analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry-labeling quantitative proteomics. A total of 6804 proteins were identified: 6471 were quantified and 1095 were screened as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Bioinformatics analysis results show that, compared with JZT livers, up-regulated DEPs in SNT and LZT livers mainly promoted hepatic detoxification through steroid hormone biosynthesis and participated in lipid metabolism to maintain body energy homeostasis, immune response and immune regulation, while down-regulated DEPs were mainly involved in lipid metabolism and immune regulation. Three proteases closely related to hepatic fatty acid oxidation were down-regulated in enzymatic activity, indicating higher levels of lipid oxidation in SNT and LZT livers than in JZT livers. Down-regulation of the expression of ten immunoglobulins suggests that JZT are more susceptible to autoimmune diseases. It is highly likely that these differences in lipid metabolism and immune-related proteins are in response to the ecological environment at different altitudes, and the findings contribute to the understanding of the potential molecular link between Tibetan pig livers and the environment.
Astaxanthin Alleviates Foam Cell Formation and Promotes Cholesterol Efflux in Ox-LDL-Induced RAW264.7 Cells via CircTPP2/miR-3073b-5p/ABCA1 Pathway
Authors: Zhang Zhexiao , Qiu Yunmei , Li Wanzhi , Tang Anyang , Huang Hang , Yao Wanyi , Li Huawen , Zou Tangbin
Published: February 2023

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common cardiovascular disease and remains the leading cause of death in the world. It is generally believed that the deposition of foam cells in the arterial wall is the main cause of AS. Moreover, promoting cholesterol efflux and enhancing the ability of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) can effectively inhibit the formation of foam cells, thereby preventing the occurrence and development of AS. Astaxanthin, with a powerful antioxidant ability, has a potential role in the prevention of atherosclerosis, but how it works in preventing atherosclerosis remains unknown. Here, our experimental results suggest that astaxanthin can upregulate the expression of circular RNA tripeptidyl-peptidase II (circTPP2) and eventually promote cholesterol efflux by modulating ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1). The expression of ABCA1 was significantly suppressed after knocking down circTPP2 in macrophage-derived foam cells. In addition, the experimental results showed that circTPP2 could downregulate the expression of microRNA-3073b-5p (miR-3073b-5p), and ABCA1 was identified as the target gene of miR-3073b-5p. In conclusion, the circTPP2/miR-3073b-5p/ABCA1 axis may be the specific mechanism of astaxanthin promoting cholesterol efflux.
Impact of Preoperative Immunonutrition on Oxidative Stress and Gut Barrier Function in Surgical Patients with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Bigagli Elisabetta , D’Ambrosio Mario , Cinci Lorenzo , Fiorindi Camilla , Agostiniani Sara , Bruscoli Elisa , Nannoni Anita , Lodovici Maura , Scaringi Stefano , Giudici Francesco , Luceri Cristina
Published: February 2023

Several international guidelines recommend a peri-operative immunonutrition (IN) support for patients care in elective colorectal surgery, to reduce postoperative complications, particularly infections. In Crohn’s patients, is also used to mitigate the severity of the disease. We performed a pilot study on 16 Crohn’s patients undergoing intestinal surgery for active disease, not responsive to pharmacological treatment; half of them received an oral nutritional supplement enriched with immunonutrients (IN patients) for 7 days prior to surgery, in addition to normal food intake. Markers of oxidative stress (Advanced Glycated End-products (AGEs) and Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPPs) were measured both in plasma and tissue samples wherein the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) and Tight Junction Protein 1 (TJP1) gene expression were also determined. Plasma AGEs were significantly and positively correlated with tissue levels of AGEs (p = 0.0354) and AOPPs (p = 0.0043) while they were negatively correlated with TJP1 expression (p = 0.0159). The expression of RAGE was also negatively correlated with that of TJP1 gene (p = 0.0146). IN patients exhibited significantly lower AGEs plasma levels (p = 0.0321) and a higher mucosal TJP1 expression (p = 0.0182). No patient had postoperative complications and the length of hospital stay was similar in the two groups, but IN patients, showed a significantly shorter time to resume fluid and solid diet. These preliminary data suggest that IN might support patient’s recovery by improving intestinal mucosa barrier function through the regulation of AGEs/RAGE signaling.
Impact of Sarcopenia on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Iwaki Michihiro , Kobayashi Takashi , Nogami Asako , Saito Satoru , Nakajima Atsushi , Yoneda Masato
Published: February 2023

With the increasing incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the aging of the population, sarcopenia is attracting attention as one of the pathological conditions involved in the development and progression of NAFLD. In NAFLD, sarcopenia is closely associated with insulin resistance and results from the atrophy of skeletal muscle, an insulin target organ. In addition, inflammatory cytokines that promote skeletal muscle protein breakdown, low adiponectin levels leading to decreased insulin sensitivity, and hyperleptinemia are also involved in NAFLD pathogenesis. The presence of sarcopenia is a prognostic factor and increases the risk of mortality in patients with cirrhosis and post-treatment liver cancer. Sarcopenia, the presence of which mainly occurs due to decreased muscle mass, combined with increased visceral fat, can lead to sarcopenia-associated obesity, which increases the risk of NASH, liver fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease. In order to treat sarcopenia, it is necessary to properly evaluate sarcopenia status. Patients with high BMI, as in sarcopenic obesity, may improve with caloric restriction. However, inadequate oral intake may lead to further loss of muscle mass. Aerobic and resistance exercise should also be used appropriately.
Nutrition and Health Programming and Outreach in Grocery Retail Settings: A Community Coalition in Action
Authors: Nyachoti Dennis Ogeto , Redelfs Alisha H. , Brown Louis D. , Garcia Eufemia B. , Garcia Erica , Loweree Carlos A. , Del Rio Karen , Del Toro Daniel , Vasquez Denise , Gallegos Gabriela A. , Kelly Michael P. , Whigham Leah D.
Published: February 2023

Grocery stores can provide a conducive environment for interventions targeting healthy eating and access to health services, particularly in low-income communities. A wide array of organizations deliver nutrition and related programs in community settings, but rarely in a coordinated fashion. Collaboration of local health promotion organizations with grocery stores could increase consumers’ access to and selection of healthy foods and related services. This evaluation of the In-Store Programming and Outreach Coalition (IPOC) uses thematic analysis of first-person accounts from coalition members. To our knowledge, this is the first study of such a coalition. We present perspectives from six stakeholders about the IPOC strengths, challenges, and recommendations for strengthening the delivery of in-store interventions. Themes identified include partnership, increased client reach and cross-referrals, conflicting work schedules, leadership, and recommendations to identify coalition leaders and expand services to other grocery stores. We conclude that grocery stores can offer a suitable setting for programming and community outreach through coalitions.
FEM Analysis of Individualized Polymeric 3D Printed Guide for Orthodontic Mini-Implant Insertion as Temporary Crown Support in the Anterior Maxillary Area
Authors: Nagib Riham , Farkas Andrei Zoltan , Szuhanek Camelia
Published: February 2023

Either due to trauma, extraction or congenital factors, the absence of teeth has aesthetic, functional, financial and psychological consequences. The aim of the current study is to assess an individualized polymeric 3D printed digitally planned surgical guide designed to achieve precision and predictability in non-standard mini-implant orthodontic cases. Twenty-seven patient records with missing anterior teeth were selected from the database of a private clinic in Timisoara, Romania. Based on the analysis of the cases included in the research, a surgical guide for the insertion of mini-implants as provisional crown support was designed. An FEM simulation was performed using the Abaqus numerical analysis software. Finite element simulation revealed the maximum displacements and stresses that occur in the surgical guide. Mini-implant supported provisional crowns can be a simple and low-cost method to increase patient self-esteem and compliance with the orthodontic treatment. Computer aided mechanical simulation is a useful tool in analyzing different polymeric surgical guide designs before being used in clinical situations in order to avoid failure.
Study on Press Formability and Properties of UV-Curable Polyurethane Acrylate Coatings with Different Reactive Diluents
Authors: Choi Woo-Chan , Gavande Vishal , Kim Dong-Yun , Lee Won-Ki
Published: February 2023

UV-curable coatings have numerous advantages, including environmental sustainability due to 100% solid content, economic feasibility attributable to relatively fast curing time, decent appearance, mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and abrasion resistance. However, UV-curable polyurethane acrylate coatings on metals apparently restrict their engineering applications owing to low mechanical properties and poor thermal stability, giving UV-curable coatings less flexibility and formability. In this study, we evaluated the property change of films according to the type of reactive diluents that lowers the viscosity of UV-curing coatings for pre-coated metal and has a substantial effect on the curing rate, viscoelastic properties, adhesive properties, and flexibility of the film. Moreover, there are many changes in the properties of coatings according to varied curing conditions in order to evaluate the oxygen inhibition phenomenon during the curing process in the atmosphere. In particular, to evaluate the effect of reactive diluents on forming formability, which is the most crucial property for the pre-coated metal, this study used conventional formability tests, such as t-bending or the Erichsen test. Moreover, a cross-die cup drawing mold with a similar form as failure and Safety Zone was utilized in order to obtain clearer information on its actual formability. The analysis on the effect of failure and safety zone on the material used in press forming was conducted by assessing limit punch height and forming a limit diagram of the manufactured film according to varied reactive diluents.
Improvement of Mechanical Properties and Solvent Resistance of Polyurethane Coating by Chemical Grafting of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Liang Guotao , Yao Fengbiao , Qi Yanran , Gong Ruizhi , Li Rui , Liu Baoxuan , Zhao Yueying , Lian Chenglong , Li Luming , Dong Xiaoying , Li Yongfeng
Published: February 2023

Waterborne polyurethane coatings (WPU) are widely used in various types of coatings due to their environmental friendliness, rich gloss, and strong adhesion. However, their inferior mechanical properties and solvent resistance limit their application on the surface of wood products. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) with nanoscale size, large surface area, and abundant functional groups was incorporated into WPU by chemical grafting to improve the dispersion of GO in WPU, resulting in excellent mechanical properties and solvent resistance of WPU coatings. GO with abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and nanoscale size was prepared, and maintained good compatibility with WPU. When the GO concentration was 0.7 wt%, the tensile strength of GO-modified WPU coating film increased by 64.89%, and the abrasion resistance and pendulum hardness increased by 28.19% and 15.87%, respectively. In addition, GO also improved the solvent resistance of WPU coatings. The chemical grafting strategy employed in this study provides a feasible way to improve the dispersion of GO in WPU and provides a useful reference for the modification of waterborne wood coatings.
A DR/NIR Hybrid Polymeric Tool for Functional Bio-Coatings: Theoretical Study, Cytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Diana Rosita , Gentile Francesco Silvio , Concilio Simona , Petrella Antonello , Belvedere Raffaella , Schibeci Martina , Arciello Angela , Di Costanzo Luigi , Panunzi Barbara
Published: February 2023

Among modern biomaterials, hybrid tools containing an organic component and a metal cation are recognized as added value, and, for many advanced biomedical applications, synthetic polymers are used as thin protective/functional coatings for medical or prosthetic devices and implants. These materials require specific non-degradability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative properties to address safety aspects concerning their use in medicine. Moreover, bioimaging monitoring of the biomedical device and/or implant through biological tissues is a desirable ability. This article reports a novel hybrid metallopolymer obtained by grafting zinc-coordinated fragments to an organic polymeric matrix. This hybrid polymer, owing to its relevant emission in the deep red to near-infrared (DR/NIR) region, is monitorable; therefore, it represents a potential material for biomedical coating. Furthermore, it shows good biocompatibility and adhesion properties and excellent stability in slightly acidic/basic water solutions. Finally, in contact with the superficial layers of human skin, it shows antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains.
The Yonder Man and the Hypocrite in Seneca’s Epistle 59 and Paul’s Letter to the Romans
Authors: Dodson Joseph R.
Published: February 2023

Scholars have long recognized how Romans 1–2 is replete with resonances of Stoic traditions as they have referred to specific similarities in Seneca’s writings and the impact on the interpretation of the letter. Nevertheless, a significant parallel to Paul’s polemic against his fictitious opponent in Rom 2:17–24 has been neglected, namely, Seneca’s invective in Epistle 59. There, the Stoic calls out the “yonder man,” who harms others despite being known as “most gentle”; who robs others despite being considered “most generous”; and who engages in drunkenness and lust despite his reputation of being “most-temperate.” This parallel is also relevant because, like that of Romans 2, the larger context of Epistle 59 also regards human depravity. Therefore, in this article, I will seek to buttress the conclusions from scholars regarding how well Romans 2 aligns with passages from Seneca. I will also aim to show, however, that—in contrast to Paul—Seneca shows solidarity with his interlocutor by recognizing his own shortcomings. Hence, while the similarities help scholars understand how Stoic traditions impact the creation and interpretation of Romans, the convergence between Epistle 59 and Romans 2 also highlights their great divergence. Thus, while the comments in Epistle 59 support the arguments regarding Stoic influence in Romans, the parallels remind the scholar that even as Paul draws upon Stoic ideas and rhetorical devices to deride his interlocutor, he would also consider himself and his fellow believers as not only distant from the likes of the pretentious yonder man but from the humble hypocrisy of Seneca too.
Dynamic Occlusion Modeling and Clearance Control of the Visual Field of Curved Highway Roadside Landscape
Authors: Xiao Jian , Zha Xudong , Yang Liulin , Wei Jie
Published: February 2023

In order to solve the control of the degree of anti-occlusion of the roadside landscape of the expressway curve according to the drivers’ visual characteristics during high-speed driving, a dynamic space model of the visual process of curved highway roadside landscape was established, and the calculation equation of roadside landscape visual field was derived. The dynamic occlusion ratio was defined by space coordinates, and the judgment model was proposed for the de-occlusion of the roadside landscape visual field. According to the standard design parameters of the G4 Highway Hunan section, the occlusion laws were analyzed by MATLAB for different widths and different heights of obstructions as well as the same widths and heights of obstructions at different positions in the roadside landscape visual field, thus the control value and control content of anti-occlusion clearance for the roadside landscapes were proposed. The results show that the anti-occlusion clearance control range of the roadside landscape is 270 m at the design speed of 120 km/h, 220 m at 100 km/h, and 170 m at 80 km/h. The control value of clearance width is 25 m, and the control value of clearance height is recommended to be 20 m. Within the scope of highway land expropriation, it is recommended to land expropriation 25 m wide from the road boundary. The research provides model support for building the closeness and openness of highway roadside landscape.
Whole-Transcriptome Analysis Highlights Adenylyl Cyclase Toxins-Derived Modulation of NF-κB and ERK1/2 Pathways in Macrophages
Authors: Zhao Taoran , Li Ruihua , Qian Mengyin , Wang Meirong , Zhang Xiaozheng , Wang Yuhan , Zhao Xinghui , Xie Jun
Published: February 2023

Edema toxin (ET), one of the main toxic factors of Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis), is a kind of potent adenylate cyclase (AC). B. anthracis has adapted to resist macrophage microbicidal mechanisms in part by secreting ET. To date, there is limited information on the pathogenic mechanisms used by ET to manipulate macrophage function, especially at the transcriptome level. We used RNA sequencing to study transcriptional changes in RAW264.7 cells treated with ET. We aimed to identify molecular events associated with the establishment of infection and followed changes in cellular proteins. Our results indicate that ET inhibited TNF-α expression in the RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cell line by activating the cAMP/PKA pathway. ET challenge of macrophages induced a differential expression of genes that participate in multiple macrophage effector functions such as cytokine production, cell adhesion, and the inflammatory response. Furthermore, ET influenced the expression of components of the ERK1/2, as well as the NF-αB signaling pathways. We also showed that ET treatments inhibit the phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 protein. ET also attenuated NF-αB subunit p65 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of NF-αB via the cAMP/PKA pathway in macrophages. Since the observed modulatory effects were characteristic only of the bacterial exotoxin ET, we propose this may be a mechanism used by B. anthracis to manipulate macrophages and establish systemic infection.