bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rotavirus hijacks host gluconeogenesis-related signaling pathway to promote self-replication in Caco-2 cells
Authors: Song Lijun , Zhong Peicheng , Gao Mengyue , Lan Qian , Zhu Xuemei , Chen Jiabo , Chen Yang , Zhou Yujing , Feng Yuxuan , Dai Guiqin , Li Feng , Zhao Wenchang
Published: January 2021

Viruses have evolved mechanisms to usurp the host's metabolic resources for their own biosynthesis and replication, but host's glucose metabolism change after rotavirus (RV) stress remains unclear. The metabolic profile and differential gluconeogenesis analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy on RV-infected cells.47 potential differential metabolites were identified to verify glycolytic/gluconeogenesis pathway after RV infection. Glucose consumption and key enzymes of gluconeogenesis (glucose 6-phosphatase (G-6-pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCK)) were further examined by glucose oxidase-peroxidase method and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. We found the impairment of glucose consumption, G-6-pase and PEPCK activities which promote gluconeogenesis, were tested in RV infected Caco-2 cells. By Western blot analysis, further studies detected the downregulation expression level of SIK2, which was affected by its upstream proteins of downregulated PDK1, AKT and upregulation p-JNK, and as a consequence influenced the function of gluconeogenesis. In short, RV infection altered the glucose consumption in infectious Caco-2 cells and activated the host cellular gluconeogenesis, which was hijacked through p-JNK-PDK1-AKT-SIK2 signaling pathway for its proliferation and replication with accelerating non-sugar substances conversion into glucose.
Development and validation of a prognostic COVID-19 severity assessment (COSA) score and machine learning models for patient triage at a tertiary hospital
Authors: Schöning Verena , Liakoni Evangelia , Baumgartner Christine , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K. , Hautz Wolf E. , Atkinson Andrew , Hammann Felix
Published: January 2021

Background: Clinical risk scores and machine learning models based on routine laboratory values could assist in automated early identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients at risk for severe clinical outcomes. They can guide patient triage, inform allocation of health care resources, and contribute to the improvement of clinical outcomes. Methods: In- and out-patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at the Insel Hospital Group Bern, Switzerland, between February 1st and August 31st (‘first wave’, n=198) and September 1st through November 16th 2020 (‘second wave’, n=459) were used as training and prospective validation cohort, respectively. A clinical risk stratification score and machine learning (ML) models were developed using demographic data, medical history, and laboratory values taken up to three days before, or one day after, positive testing to predict severe outcomes of hospitalization (a composite endpoint of admission to intensive care, or death from any cause). Test accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).Results: Sex, C-reactive protein, sodium, hemoglobin, glomerular filtration rate, glucose, and leucocytes around the time of first positive testing (‑3 to +1 days) were the most predictive parameters. AUROC of the risk stratification score on training data (AUROC = 0.94, positive predictive value (PPV) = 0.97, negative predictive value (NPV) = 0.80) were comparable to the prospective validation cohort (AUROC = 0.85, PPV = 0.91, NPV = 0.81). The most successful ML algorithm with respect to AUROC was support vector machines (median = 0.96, interquartile range = 0.85-0.99, PPV = 0.90, NPV = 0.58).Conclusion: With a small set of easily obtainable parameters, both the clinical risk stratification score and the ML models were predictive for severe outcomes at our tertiary hospital center, and performed well in prospective validation.
Molecular characterization of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus and DNA-satellites complex associated enation leaf curl and yellow vein mosaic disease of hollyhock
Authors: Ashwathappa K.V. , Venkataravanappa V , Nandan M. , Vinaykumar H.D. , Shankarappa K. S. , Reddy M. Krishna , Reddy C.N. Lakshminarayana
Published: January 2021

Hollyhock is one important decorative plant grown in garden beds in different region of the the world. The ornamental plant is susceptible to many diseases caused by diverse pathogens. Among these viral pathogens can cause enormous damage to the ornamental plant. The aim of the present study was identification of begomovirus and DNA sateelites is associated with the yellow vein mosaic and enation leaf curl disease complex of hollyhock. The hollyhock plants showing the typical begomovirus-like symptoms were collected from Pusa campus, New Delhi (India). To know the status of the begomovirus, the total DNA isolated from the infected hollyhock was subjected to PCR amplification using primers specific to the begomovirus. The partial (1.2 kb) genome sequencing of ten hollyhock samples indicates the associated of begomovirus (nucleotide identities is more 95% among themselves). Therefore three representative samples (H1, H2, H3) full-length genome (DNA-A, betasatellite and alphasatellite) was amplified through RCA method. The pairwise comparision of complete genome of the begomoviruses, betasatellites and alphasatellites using Sequence Demarcation Tool (SDT) showed highest nucleotide (nt) identity of 88.0 to 92.7% (DNA-A) with Cotton leaf curl Multan virus, 92.5–96.7% with Ludwigia leaf distortion betasatellite and 90.4 to 93. 2% % with Ageratum enation alphasatellite. Further recombinantion analysis showed that the begomoviruses and DNA satellites under study was recombinants of previously reported begomoviruses and DNA sattelites. This is the first report of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus and DNA satellites associated complex disease of hollyhock in India.
Deworming women of reproductive age during adolescence and pregnancy: what is the impact on morbidity from soil-transmitted helminths infection?
Authors: Vegvari Carolin , Giardina Federica , Bajaj Sumali , Malizia Veronica , Hardwick Robert J. , Truscott James E , Montresor Antonio , de Vlas Sake J , Coffeng Luc E , Anderson Roy M
Published: January 2021

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are a major cause of poor health in low- and middle-income countries. In particular, hookworm is known to cause anaemia in children and women of reproductive age (WRA). One goal of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2030 roadmap for neglected tropical diseases is to reduce STH-related morbidity in WRA. As a minimal intervention the WHO recommends deworming adolescent girls annually during human papilloma virus vaccination programmes and women of reproductive age (WRA) during pregnancy and lactation. These routine interventions are low cost can be implemented even from the most basic health services in endemic countries. In this study we use a cohort model to investigate the potential impact on STH-related morbidity in WRA.Results: Annual deworming treatment of adolescent girls reduces the prevalence of moderate- and heavy-intensity infections in this age group by up to 60% in moderate transmission settings and by 12-27% in high-transmission settings. Treatment of WRA during pregnancy and lactation on its own has a small (<20%) but significant effect on morbidity although it does not lead to the achievement of the morbidity target (<2% moderate-to-high intensity infections) in this age group. However, depending on the age-intensity profile of infection, which may vary geographically, and assumptions on the density-dependence of egg production by fertilised female worms, continued school-based treatment may be able to reduce the force of infection acting on WRA, both through an indirect effect on the overall population based force of infection and via reducing the burden of infection as children age and move into the WRA age classes. As a result, morbidity in WRA may be eliminated.Conclusion: While deworming during pregnancy and lactation does not lead to the achievement of the morbidity target in WRA and its efficacy may vary by setting, it is still expected to be beneficial for maternity and child health. Monitoring of any WRA-based intervention is recommended to evaluate its effectiveness.
Mit dem Smartphone für die Wissenschaft – Wie Bürger zur Kenntnis der Frankfurter und hessischen Flora beitragen können
Authors: Starke-Ottich Indra , Schmidt Marco , Zizka Georg
Published: January 2021

Die kostenlose App „iNaturalist“ bringt interessierte Laien und Experten zusammen. Die App schafft einen niedrigschwelligen Zugang zur Biodiversitätserfassung und Pflanzenbestimmung, Experten sorgen ehrenamtlich für Qualitätssicherung. Auf verschiedenen räumlichen Ebenen wurden Projekte initiiert, z.B. durch die BVNH e.V., das Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg und die Goethe-Universität. Ziel aller Projekte ist die Verbesserung der Kenntnis der Verbreitung von Arten. Dabei gibt es jedoch unterschiedliche Ansätze, z.B. gezielt im Gelände nach ausgewählten Arten zu suchen, die Verknüpfung mit historischen Daten und die Einbindung in die universitäre Lehre.
Ralf Worm: Die Wiesenfibel. Blumen und Gräser nach Farben erkennen.
Authors: Steinecke Hilke
Published: January 2021

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Studying the effect of carbon dioxide oil solubility on asphaltene aggregation under conditions of the Bashkortostan Republic fields
Authors: Shayakhmetov A. I. , Malyshev V. L. , Moiseeva E. F. , Ponomarev A. I. , Zeigman Yu. V.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this work is to study the effect of carbon dioxide oil solubility on the aggregation of asphaltene associates and decrease of oil permeability of sandstones. Consideration is given to the interaction variants of oil and carbon dioxide in a free volume before being injected into a porous medium and immediately in the porous medium. The influence of oil composition on the aggregation of asphaltene associates is studied. The effect of the dissolved carbon dioxide on associate dispersion in oil is examined through oil filtering in sandstones. If asphaltene aggregation occurs in a porous medium it causes pore plugging leading to reduced permeability, complicates the development of carbon dioxide injection wells and, as a result, prevents from achieving the planned indicators of oil production and oil recovery. It is found that in the case when oil interacts with carbon dioxide in the free volume before being injected into a porous medium, the increase in the volume of filtered oil and the concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in oil, and decrease in sandstone permeability reduce the relative mobility of oil with the dissolved carbon dioxide. The significant influence of sandstone permeability on the experimental results indicates that the sizes of asphaltene aggregates are comparable to the sizes of small pores. We have not observed complete attenuation of filtration after passing of oil with dissolved carbon dioxide through sandstones. Based on the analysis of changes in oil composition and properties carried out in the laboratory experiments on oil displacement by carbon dioxide rims, it has been determined that aggregation of asphaltene associates takes place under immediate contact of oil and carbon dioxide in a porous medium. The higher the asphaltene content in oil, the lower the formation permeability, whereas tight formations feature a more significant decrease in permeability.
Development of regulatory requirements for universal banks in the process of implementing a new standardized approach to credit risk assessment
Authors: Волкова Е.К.
Published: January 2021

В статье анализируются основные изменения регулятивных требований в части снижения коэффициентов кредитного риска при расчете универсальными банками норматива достаточности капитала. Обосновываются своевременность указанных изменений и возможности их дальнейшего развития. Введение в действие в 2020 году пониженных коэффициентов риска при расчете норматива достаточности капитала вызвано необходимостью стимулирования кредитования реального сектора экономики. Автором даны рекомендации по дальнейшему развитию подходов Банка России к корректировке регулятивных требований к банкам в части присвоения пониженных коэффициентов риска при кредитовании заемщиков реального сектора экономики.

The article analyzes the main changes in regulatory requirements in terms of reducing credit risk ratios when calculating the capital adequacy ratio by universal banks. The author substantiates the timeliness of these changes and the possibility of their further development. The introduction of reduced risk factors in the calculation of the capital adequacy ratio in 2020 is due to the need to stimulate lending to the real sector of the economy. The author provides recommendations for further development of the Bank of Russia's approaches to adjusting regulatory requirements for banks in terms of assigning reduced risk factors for lending to borrowers in the real economy.
Personnel problem and ways to solve it based on consolidated interaction interested parties
Authors: Измайлова М.А.
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена анализу сложившейся кадровой проблемы в российских компаниях: компании не могут найти нужных специалистов, а соискатели - работу. Показаны актуальные тенденции российского рынка труда и варианты его развития в среднесрочной перспективе. Дано описание портрета современного соискателя вакантных позиций на российском рынке труда. Проведен анализ моделей поведения основных участников рынка труда. Делается вывод о необходимости объективизации процесса поиска профессионалов с участием всех заинтересованных сторон.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current personnel problem in Russian companies: companies can't find the right specialists, and job seekers can't find a job. Current trends in the Russian labor market and options for its development in the medium term are shown. The description of the portrait of a modern applicant for vacant positions in the Russian labor market is given. The analysis of behavior models of the main participants of the labor market is carried out. It is concluded that it is necessary to objectify the process of searching for professionals with the participation of all interested parties.
Analysis of the current state of the investment relations between Russia and India
Authors: Красавина Л.Н. , Хомякова Л.И.
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена анализу длительного сотрудничества России и Индии в инвестиционной сфере. Объектом исследования стали инвестиционные связи между данными государствами. На основании российской и индийской статистики, а таакже статистики международных организаций сделаны выводы о неравномерности распределения прямых иностранных инвестиций России и Индии, указано на их различное положение в международном движении капитала. Приведены примеры конкретных инвестиционных проектов между ТНК двух стран. Обоснованы выводы о недостаточном использовании потенциала российско-индийских инвестиционных отношений и даны предложения по их активизации.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the long-term cooperation between Russia and India in the investment sphere. The object of the study was the investment relationships between these states. Based on the Russian and Indian statistics, as well as on the statistics of the international organizations, conclusions are given about the uneven distribution of foreign direct investment between Russia and India, their different position in the international capital flow is indicated. Examples of specific investment projects between TNCs of the two countries are given. The conclusions about the underutilization of the potential of Russian-Indian investment relations are substantiated and proposals for their activation are given.
Business culture in spots entrepreneurship
Authors: Ильин А.Б. , Сизова Ю.С.
Published: January 2021

В статье определяются принципы предпринимательской культуры спортивного бизнеса на основе определения моральных и этических аспектов социально ориентированной деятельности спортивных организаций, приводится определение понятия предпринимательской культуры; выделяются 3М уровни ее развития в экономике. В том числе в данной работе представлено соотношение жизненного цикла организаций со спортивной отраслью; выделены принципы предпринимательской пластичности спортивного бизнеса; приведены примеры спортивной этики спортивного бизнеса. В качестве методического аппарата исследования используются исходные модели экономической науки; теории жизненных циклов организации; теории предпринимательской культуры. Впервые в теории экономики предпринимательства выделена категория «предпринимательская пластичность», под которой авторы понимают функцию бизнеса по реагированию на ключевые моральные и этические принципы предпринимательски-социально-ориентированных видов деятельности, их сохранение, соблюдение, адаптацию и масштабирование.

The paper defines sports business culture principles in terms of moral and ethical aspects defining of sports organizations socially oriented activities; provides the definition of entrepreneurial culture concept; specifies 3M levels of its development in the economy. Moreover, the correlation of organizations life cycle with the sports industry is presented; the principles of entrepreneurial plasticity of the sports business are highlighted; examples of sports ethics of the sports business are given. As for the methodological apparatus of the study, the initial models of economic science are used; organization life cycle theory; theory of entrepreneurial culture. For the first time in the theory of business economics, the category of “entrepreneurial plasticity” has been singled out, by which the authors understand the function of a business in responding to key moral and ethical principles of entrepreneurial and socially oriented activities, their preservation, compliance, adaptation, and scaling.
Technology for modeling and integrated assessment of regional security indicators
Authors: Маслобоев А.В.
Published: January 2021

Для задач синтеза сценариев управления региональной безопасностью в условиях кризисных ситуаций разработана технология интегральной оценки безопасности региональных социально-экономических систем. Предложена формализованная постановка задачи и ее декомпозиция с учетом набора ключевых показателей безопасности. В отличие от известных формальных моделей устойчивого развития технология обеспечивает формирование матричного интегрального показателя региональной безопасности и позволяет оценить состояние и тенденции развития региона за счет совместного использования системно-динамических, нечетких и вероятностных моделей оценки индикаторов безопасности. С применением разработанной технологии построена матрица региональной безопасности Арктической зоны РФ.

For management scenario synthesis of regional security under emergency situations problem-solving a technology for security integral estimation of the regional socio-economic systems has been developed. The formalized problem statement and it decomposition subject to the set of key security indicators have been proposed. In contrast to well-known and state-of-the-art formal models of sustainable development the technology provides matrix integral index formation of regional security and allows situation and tendencies assessment of regional development at the expense of joint use of system-dynamic, fuzzy and probabilistic estimation models of security indicators. With application of developed technology the regional security matrix of Arctic region of Russian Federation has been designed.
Accuracy of measurement of the signal information parameter in aviation and space-rocket radio systems in the presence of additive and multiplicative interference with a low level
Authors: Артюшенко В.М. , Воловач В.И.
Published: January 2021

Рассмотрено и проанализировано влияние флуктуационных стационарных мультипликативных помех, действующих одновременного с аддитивными помехами, на точность измерения неэнергетических параметров информационных сигналов. Показано, что при низком уровне мультипликативных и аддитивных помех оценка одного параметра полезного сигнала оказывается несмещенной, а ее дисперсия представляет сумму двух слагаемых, первое учитывает влияние аддитивных помех, второе - мультипликативных. Наиболее опасными являются медленные мультипликативные помехи.

The influence of fluctuating stationary multiplicative interference acting simultaneously with additive interference on the accuracy of measurement of non-energy parameters of information signals is considered and analyzed. It is shown that at a low level of multiplicative and additive interference, the estimation of one parameter of the useful signal is unbiased, and its dispersion is the sum of two terms, the first takes into account the influence of additive interference, the second - multiplicative. Slow multiplicative interference is the most dangerous.
Assessment of the effectiveness of import substitution in the aerospace segment of the military-industrial complex taking into account risk minimization
Authors: Ушакова К.О. , Исаев В.Г.
Published: January 2021

В 2014 году странами НАТО были введены ограничения на поставку импортного оборудования и комплектующих в Российскую Федерацию. В связи с чем была актуализирована проблема национальной безопасности, решение которой требует разработки и применения целого комплекса мер - экономических, организационных и правовых. Государство впервые за много лет столкнулось с реальной необходимостью импортозамещения. Вопросы импортозамещения являются стратегически важными, от их решения зависит обеспечение обороноспособности национальной экономики. Государство перешло к стратегии импортозамещения и поддержке отечественного производителя.

In 2014, Russian Federation was restricted in importing of foreign equipment and component parts by countries that were NATO members. In that situation, the importance of national security issues increased. To deal with those issues, a range of different measures such as economical, organizational and legal were to be applied. After a long time, once again Russian Federation faced the problems concerning import substitution. National security issues are strategically important, solving these issues effects national economics defense potential. Russian Federation followed the import substitution strategy and started to support domestic producers.
Design features of decision support systems with adaptation elements
Authors: Акимкина Э.Э.
Published: January 2021

Рассмотрены вопросы повышения эффективности систем поддержки принятия решений на основе многомерных хранилищ данных, имеющие существенное значение для выполнения требований по увеличению быстродействия систем. Показано, что эффективность функционирования системы поддержки принятия решений возрастает при введении в нее элементов обслуживания, которые позволяют учитывать изменение условий внешней и внутренней среды. Разработана методика проектирования системы поддержки принятия решений, учитывающая особенности ее адаптации к изменяющимся условиям с помощью элементов обслуживания.

Issues of increasing the effectiveness of decision support systems based on multidimensional data warehouses are considered, which are essential for fulfilling the requirements to increase system performance. It is shown that the effectiveness of the functioning of the decision support system increases with the introduction of service elements in it, which allow taking into account changes in the conditions of the external and internal environment. A methodology has been developed for designing a decision support system that takes into account the peculiarities of its adaptation to changing conditions using service elements.
Computer modeling of parametric converters with frequency and phase control
Authors: Иванов В.В. , Еремина Я.В. , Ермолова С.В.
Published: January 2021

Осуществлено математическое моделирование параметрических преобразователей, использующих режим повышенной чувствительности. Названный режим преобразователей позволяет повысить эксплуатационные показатели аппаратуры авиационно-космических систем. Показано, что преобразователи с фазовым управлением обладают линейными характеристиками и являются более перспективны. Применение в них цифровых фильтров ведет к повышению стабильности частоты и точности настройки, а также минимизируется погрешность характеристики преобразования.

Mathematical modeling of parametric converters using high-sensitivity mode is carried out. The named mode of converters allows to increase operational parameters of the equipment of aerospace systems. It is shown that phase-controlled converters are more promising because they have linear characteristics and allow the use of digital filters, which leads to an increase in frequency stability and accuracy of adjustment, and also minimizes the error of the conversion characteristic.
Synthesis of Mathematical Models and Methods for Software Realization on Graphics Processing Devices of Algorithms for Digital Video Information Processing Received from on-Board Camera Systems of Aircrafts
Authors: Самаров Е.К.
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена синтезу математических моделей и способов программной реализации на графических процессорных устройствах алгоритмов цифровой обработки по стандартам JPEG, JPEG2000 и DNG видеоинформации, поступающей от бортовых съемочных систем летательных аппаратов. Разработаны и предложены схемы цифровой обработки, которые целесообразно использовать в зависимости от приоритетов, возложенных на бортовую цифровую вычислительную систему летательного аппарата задач.

The article is devoted to the synthesis of mathematical models and methods of software realization on graphics processing devices of algorithms for digital video information processing received from on-board camera systems of aircraft by JPEG, JPEG2000 and DNG standards. In this paper, we have developed and proposed schemes for digital processing, which is advisable to apply depending on the priorities assigned to the on-board digital computing system of the aircraft tasks.
Multicriteria optimization of technological parameters for obtaining composite material Pb-C and carbon coating
Authors: Сергеенко С.Н. , Васильев А.Н. , Василенко Д.В.
Published: January 2021

Предложена методика и проведена многокритериальная оптимизация значений технологических факторов получения порошкового композиционного материала Pb-C и углеродных покрытий. Определены оптимальные значения: - содержания и типа армирующих нитей, обеспечивающих повышенный комплекс механических свойств при минимальном содержании армирующих нитей; - содержания графита и продолжительности механической активации шихты, обеспечивающих повышенные значения прочности на срез и твердости композиционного материала Pb-C электрода свинцово-кислотного аккумулятора при утилизации отходов. На основе проведенной многокритериальной оптимизации предложены улучшенные технологические схемы изготовления композитов.

A technique is proposed and a multicriteria optimization of the values of technological factors for obtaining a powder composite material Pb-C and carbon coatings is carried out. The optimal values have been determined: - the content and type of reinforcing threads, providing an increased set of mechanical properties with a minimum content of reinforcing threads; - the graphite content and the duration of the mechanical activation of the mixture, providing increased values of shear strength and hardness of the composite material Pb-C lead-acid battery electrode during waste disposal. Basierend auf der Multikriteria-Optimierung werden verbesserte technologische Schemata für die Herstellung von Verbundwerkstoffen vorgeschlagen.
Methodology for assessing the range of reception by modern telemetric means when launching products from cosmodromes
Authors: Аббасов Э.М.
Published: January 2021

Проведен анализ места размещения измерительного пункта с точки зрения получения полного объема телеметрической информации при пусках изделий с заданного космодрома. Методика оценки дальности приема основана на расчёте зон радиовидимости стационарных измерительных пунктов по трассе выведения с учетом угловой ориентации изделия в ходе полета, расчёте энергетического запаса радиолиний для существующих и перебазируемых средств приёма телеметрической информации, оценке потерь уровня сигнала в радиолинии, проверке отсутствия экранирования радиолинии факелом двигателя.

The analysis of the location of the measuring point from the point of view of obtaining the full volume of telemetric information when launching products from a given cosmodrome is carried out. The method for assessing the reception range is based on calculating the radio visibility zones of stationary measuring points along the injection route, taking into account the angular orientation of the product during flight, calculating the energy reserve of radio lines for existing and relocatable means of receiving telemetry information, assessing the signal level loss in the radio line, checking the absence of shielding of the radio line by the engine torch.
Prospects of application of inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoints in malignant tumors of the stomach and esophagogastric junction
Authors: Sakaeva D. D. , Melnikova A. A.
Published: January 2021

Malignant tumors of the stomach and esophagogastric junction in advanced stages progress quite aggressively, and the prospects for treatment of these patients remain unpromising. The use of checkpoint-inhibitors has proven to be an advanced treatment method for various types of cancer around the world. In theRussian Federation, nivolumab has been successfully registered as a monotherapy for common or recurrent stomach or esophagogastric junction cancer after two or more lines of systemic antitumor drug therapy. This literature review focuses on the use of registered checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, ipilimumab) as mono- and/or combined therapy in tumors of the stomach and esophagogastric junction, including tumors with high microsat- ellite instability (MSI-high). This review includes a description of the main therapeutic approaches using checkpoint inhibitors: prescription in mono-mode, in combination with other checkpoint inhibitors (ipilimumab) and cytotoxic drugs, and in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (regorafenib). Issues of efficiency and tolerability of these combinations in patients in different therapeutic lines are considered. The role of possible predictors of therapy response is analyzed: biomarkers such as PD-Ll, MSI, dMMR and TMB expression in tumor tissues as well as immunofenotyping in fresh biopsy samples are evaluated. This article reviews and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of checkpoint inhibitors and their possible uses.
Abscopal effect in a patient with metastatic NSCLC following a course of radiation therapy to the brain
Authors: Denisova E. S. , Laktionov K. K. , Borisova T. N. , Ardzinba Merab. S. , Fedorova A. A. , Yudin D. I. , Magamedova S. S. , Ardzinba Milada A.
Published: January 2021

The abscopal effect was described more than 50 years ago and is a phenomenon in which radiation therapy promotes the regression of metastatic foci remote from the site of radiation. For decades, this effect has been described as a rare, unexplained phenomenon in patients receiving radiation therapy. Today, the abscopal effect is still an exceptional phenomenon: the mechanism underlying it is still not fully understood. It is believed that the abscopal effect is most likely associated with systemic immune responses that occur under the influence of radiation therapy.

We present the case of a 63-year-old patient with advanced peripheral cancer of the upper lobe of the left lung, disease progression in the form of metastatic brain lesions and regression of tumor foci in the lungs after radiation therapy to the brain, while the patient did not receive additional treatment in the form of immunotherapy.

The article examines the history of the abscopal effect, an attempt is made to understand the mechanisms of its occurrence, which can help to further improve the results of treatment of patients with NSCLC using radiation therapy and modern approaches to complex cancer treatment.
Efficiency and tolerability of abemaciclib in elderly patients
Authors: Kovalenko E. I. , Khoroshilov M. V. , Artamonova E. V.
Published: January 2021

Elderly cancer patients represent a very heterogeneous population not only in chronological age, but also in functional status, concomitant diseases and therapy, geriatric syndromes, and, as a consequence, in the tolerability of cancer treatment. The choice of treatment for metastatic breast cancer (mBC) in this category of patients is often a difficult task for oncologists. The emergence of a new class of drugs, inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6), has changed the paradigm of treatment of patients with luminal HER2 negative mBC (ER + HER2mBC); however, data on the efficacy and tolerability of these drugs in elderly patients are limited. Pooled subgroup analyzes of studies with CDK4/6 have shown that elderly patients with ER + HER2breast cancer have a clear PFS benefit from the addition of targeted drugs to hormonal therapy. Adverse events are observed more often in combination therapy with increasing age, which requires dose modification and appropriate therapy. In this regard, the drug abemaciclib is very attractive, which is characterized by a lower frequency of neutropenia compared to other CDK4/6 inhibitors, but a higher incidence of diarrhea, which can be controlled by taking appropriate drugs and is not a reason for treatment discontinuation. Careful selection of patients is necessary when deciding on the appointment of any therapy to geriatric cancer patients. Only a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach will make it possible to maximally individualize the approach to the treatment of this difficult category of patients and minimize the likelihood that they will receive excessive or insufficient oncological treatment.
Haraptepe (Horzum-Adana) Pb-Zn Cevherleşmesinin Kökenine Genel Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: URAS Yusuf , YALÇIN Cihan , ÖZEN Mesut
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı Adana ilinin kuzeydoğusunda yer alan Haraptepe (Horzum) cevherleşmesinin jeokimyasal özelliklerini ortaya koymaktır. Doğu Toroslarda yer alan cevher zonu Horzum Pb-Zn yatağının bir koludur. Geyikdağı birliğine ait kayaçların gözlendiği bu alanda temelde Kaotik seri, üzerinde ise tektonik dokanak ile Çaltepe ve Seydişehir formasyonları gözlenir. Cevherleşme Orta Kambriyen yaşlı Çaltepe formasyonuna ait açık renkli kireçtaşları içerisinde bulunur. Cevherleşme K10OD doğrultulu ve GD’ye eğimlidir. Epijenetik oluşumlu metalce zengin cevher, cep ve mercekler şeklinde olup stratabound karakterdedir. Cevherleşmede birincil sülfürlü mineraller; galenit, sfalerit, pirit ve çok az miktarda kalkopirit şeklindedir. İnceleme alanından derlenen cevherli örneklerin değerli metal, ana ve iz element analizleri sonucunda Zn %50’ye kadar Pb ise %25’e kadar ulaşmaktadır. Yüzeyden alınan örneklerde Zn değeri ortalama %30,5 ve Pb ise %11,4’tür. Cu değeri 1-14 ppm ve Mn 210-642 ppm arasında değişmekte olup Cd miktarı ile Ag miktarı ise ortalama <0,5 ppm’dir. Yapılan yeraltı sondajlarından derlenen örneklerin analiz sonuçları da yüzey örneklerine benzerlik sunar. Cevher mineralojisi ve jeokimyası değerlendirildiğinde Haraptepe cevherleşmesi Horzum Bölgesindeki diğer yataklara benzer bir karakter sergilemekte olup düşük Cu oranı ile de karbonat ornatım yataklarına benzer bir davranış sergiler.
İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) ile Ortofoto ve Sayısal Yükseklik Modeli Üretimi: Adıyaman Üniversitesi Merkez Kampüs Örneği
Authors: TEKİN Senem , TEKİR Fatih
Published: January 2021

Uzaktan algılama (UA) ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) teknolojilerindeki hızlı gelişim ile beraber İnsansız Hava Araçlarına (İHA) yönelik talep dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de hızla artmaktadır. İHA ile elde edilen görüntülerin yüksek çözünürlük gibi özelliklere sahip olması yanı sıra arazi çalışması yapılması güç olan bölgelerde sağladığı büyük avantajları bulunmaktadır. Arazinin sahip olduğu morfolojiyi yansıtması ve elde edilen ortofotolardan elde edilen yüksek çözünürlüklü sayısal yükseklik modeli ve bu model kullanılarak elde edilen yamaç eğimi, yamaç yönelimi parametreleri ile bölgesel ya da alansal morfolojik özelliklerin ortaya çıkarılması çalışmalarında kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada İHA kullanılarak Adıyaman Üniversitesi Merkez yerleşke kampüs civarını kapsayan yaklaşık 300 hektarlık bölgede, 3,41 cm hassasiyetinde ortofoto üretilmiştir. Bu görüntüyü kullanarak 3,41 cm hassasiyetinde sayısal yükseklik modeli, yamaç eğimi ve yamaç yönelimi haritaları elde edilmiştir.
Letter to the Editor: COVID-19 and Its Impact on the Sports Industry
Authors:   University of Lusaka, Chitangala Fredrick Mulenga
Published: January 2021

One of the most quoted statements in sports literature was uttered during the 1995 Rugby World Cup in Johannesburg in which Nelson Mandela said, and I quote “Sport has the power to change the world, “It has the power to inspire. It has the power to unite people in a way that little else does. It speaks to youth in a language they understand. Sport can create hope where once there was only despair. It is more powerful than government in breaking down racial barriers”. Every athlete wants to make a contribution to this and they have to put their lives on hold just for the nation. They sacrifice their relationships, friendships, and life in general just so other people can smile. Now there is COVID and athletes have been home. The emotional rollercoaster is real. The constant influx of information, changes to daily routines, uncertainty with personal health and the health of others coupled with rapidly changing reports, ischaracteristic of the ups and downs of a rollercoaster. All of which is physically and emotionally draining. Some studies have reported certain common feelings among athletes as follows: fear, anxiety, loss, relief, confusion, disappointment, exhaustion,frustration, and anger. Mandates to stay home and socially distance may cause you to feel physically alone. However, this has made several athletes feel like they are on an emotionalisland. There are understandable uncertainties and anxieties about when qualifiers will be held, how to maintain fitness and training, and whether the Olympic/Paralympic Games will occur or not. For some, this comes with permanent changes such as unwanted and unplanned pregnancies among female athletes, substance abuse, and overweight. This can never be clearly explained unless you are experiencing it.In Zambia, the year 2020 was as tormenting as it can get, from experiencing the hitherto unexplained gassing of citizens incidences with some dangerous chemicals to the realization of a COVID-19 outbreak and report of first case in March of 2020. Now every journal, media house and story teller has reported how it is no longer a hyperbole to claim that this new virus has left no life, sector or industry unaffected. In the first few months of the pandemic, the world had focused mainly on the effects of COVID-19 on the larger public and businesses, with concerns for athletes’ wellbeing hardly hitting the limelight.
Burden of Silicosis in the South African Mining Sector and its Effects on Migrant Labor from Neighboring Countries
Authors:   University of Lusaka, Dube Gugulethu , Chiluba Brian Chanda ,   The University of Zambia
Published: January 2021

Background: Among other minerals, South Africa has an abundance of asbestos and crystalline silica. Due to dust particles from these minerals, exposure causes respiratory diseases in particular silicosis. Most researches on silicosis have largely been of a cross sectional nature with no or limited long-term patterns reported.Objective:This review aims to analyse silicosis patterns in the gold, diamond and platinum workers over a period of 30 years, and to investigate possible causative factors for mining sector employees leading to them developing respiratory diseases associated with silica.Methods:This review article is a product of analysis of published reports and studies from South Africa published in the last decades. The EliScholar digital platform and Google scholar were used, and the focus publications were those that related to “silicosis”, “migrant workers”, silica dust” and autopsy. The review also allowed articles that were generalized, not merely focusing on one mineral. Autopsy reports obtained from the National Institute for Occupational Health database on miners were used for three sub-studies that are the subject of this review.Conclusion:The silicosis trends in miners at autopsy show a clear system failure by the mining sector in controlling and managing occupational respiratory diseases
Ergonomic Factors Associated with Lower Back Pain Amongst Load-Haul-Dump Truck Operators at Freda Rebecca Gold Mine, Bindura, Zimbabwe
Authors:   University of Lusaka, Dube Gugulethu , Chiluba Brian Chanda ,   The University of Zambia
Published: January 2021

Background:Lower back pain is broadly defined discomfort or pain within the lumbar region of the human spine and it is the leading cause of function limitation, resulting in significant losses in productivity and billions of dollars in medical costs yearly. Its prevalence is estimated to be associated with a lower socioeconomic status and lower education levels. The intention of this study was to analyse the ergonomic factors linked with lower back pain amongst load-haul-dump truck operators at Freda Rebecca Gold Mine. Methods: A descriptive non-interventional cross-sectional study was used with the probit model and the chi-square used as the estimation techniques. The simple random sampling method was adopted in the survey with a total of 140 respondents who are all employees at Freda Rebecca Gold Mine, Zimbabwe. The Statistical Package Stata was used12. Results: The study indicated that 77.8% of the respondents suffered lower back pain at one time or the other. Results showed an association between lower back pain with demographic factors such as experience, gender and age, organisational factors such as type and duration of shift work, biomechanical factors such as lifting and handling protocols, postures, whole body vibrations exposure resulting from work related conditions such as road conditions, equipment conditions and design and other psychosocial factors. Conclusion: Therefore, the study promoted the adoption of a broad approach to reduction and management of LBP, including equipment engineering solutions to manage whole body vibration exposure, operator education, equipment assistive technology, strong equipment maintenance regime.Further interventions include adoption of best practice systems and improved clinical treatment systems
Kidney Disease for People Living with HIVin Sub-Saharan Africa; A Systematic Review
Authors:   University of Zambia, School of Health Sciences, Chiluba Brian
Published: January 2021

People living with HIV have been known to have a higher risk and threat of kidney disease. Globally, the prevalence of kidney disease for PLWH is postulated to be 6.4%. This prevalence is different for many different parts of the world, with 7.9% in Africa, 7.1% in North America, 5.7% in Asia and 3.7% in Europe. This systematic review set out to review and collect evidence from literature source and to provide a summary about factors influencing kidney disease for PLWH in Africa. We hypothesized that TDF containing ART is significantly associated with kidney disease. A systematic review and search of data was performed and all articles included were English articles from the following electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase. We carried out the selection of titles in three distinct phases: titles alone, abstracts, and then full text articles. 7 papers were included. While TDF was included in the ART regimens in all the studies, there was wide variation in ART combinations and concurrent medications and durations thereof.All studies except one included only adult patients of both men and women. Majority of the studies highlighted kidney disease and mostly these were hospital-based data. the findings establish a significant association between kidney disease and TDF use, but in terms of the clinical significance and weighting the risks against the benefits, we cannot discourage the continual use of the drug.
Percepções de pacientes adultos sobre a unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Maciel Danielle Oliveira , Freitas Karina De Oliveira , Paixão dos Santos Bruna Roberta , Costa Torres Rafael Santana , Tuma dos Reis Danielle Saraiva , Vasconcelos Esleane Vilela
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Analisar e descrever as percepções sobre a unidade de terapia intensiva de pacientes adultos que estiveram internados na UTI de um Hospital Universitário de Belém do Pará. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 10 pacientes que estiveram internados na UTI, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2017, através de entrevista semiestruturada e analisada pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os depoimentos foram sintetizados em quatro unidades: “Percepção prévia e posterior da UTI: Risco de morte versus recuperação” "Alterações ambientais e de hábitos em UTI: agentes estressores"; “Percepção dos cuidados: aspectos favoráveis e desfavoráveis à humanização”; e “Memórias marcantes”. Conclusão: Com este estudo foi possível observar as percepções prévias e posteriores a internação em unidade de terapia intensiva, assim como as percepções voltadas ao cuidado em saúde recebido e as principais memórias que marcaram a vida dos pacientes após a internação na UTI.
Gestão do cuidado à mulher na atenção primária: estratégias para efetivação do processo de enfermagem
Authors: Da Rosa Ana Paula Lopes , Zocche Denise Antunes de Azambuja , Zanotelli Silvana Dos Santos
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: conhecer e analisar o processo de gestão do cuidado de enfermagem à saúde da mulher na Atenção Primária (APS), com foco no processo de enfermagem (PE). Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação, baseada no referencial metodológico de Thiollent. Participaram 10 enfermeiras, que realizavam consulta de enfermagem na APS em Chapecó/SC. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e grupos focais. Resultados: evidenciou-se o cenário das consultas, e as práticas de gestão, organizacionais, administrativas, culturais e hegemônicas. Os principais desafios para efetivação do PE estão relacionados ao processo de trabalho do enfermeiro, sobrecarga, acúmulo de funções administrativas e assistenciais, falta de tempo, déficit de recursos humanos e materiais, grande demanda de usuários nos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou a necessidade de adequações no processo de trabalho do enfermeiro, de forma a permitir uma assistência de qualidade à mulher, aprimorando a prática clínica e os registros de enfermagem.