bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of Large Language Models in Patient Complaint Resolution: Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Yong Lorraine Pei Xian , Tung Joshua Yi Min , Lee Zi  Yao , Kuan Win Sen , Chua Mui Teng
Published: July 2024

Background

Patient complaints are a perennial challenge faced by health care institutions globally, requiring extensive time and effort from health care workers. Despite these efforts, patient dissatisfaction remains high. Recent studies on the use of large language models (LLMs) such as the GPT models developed by OpenAI in the health care sector have shown great promise, with the ability to provide more detailed and empathetic responses as compared to physicians. LLMs could potentially be used in responding to patient complaints to improve patient satisfaction and complaint response time.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the performance of LLMs in addressing patient complaints received by a tertiary health care institution, with the goal of enhancing patient satisfaction.

Methods

Anonymized patient complaint emails and associated responses from the patient relations department were obtained. ChatGPT-4.0 (OpenAI, Inc) was provided with the same complaint email and tasked to generate a response. The complaints and the respective responses were uploaded onto a web-based questionnaire. Respondents were asked to rate both responses on a 10-point Likert scale for 4 items: appropriateness, completeness, empathy, and satisfaction. Participants were also asked to choose a preferred response at the end of each scenario.

Results

There was a total of 188 respondents, of which 115 (61.2%) were health care workers. A majority of the respondents, including both health care and non–health care workers, preferred replies from ChatGPT (n=164, 87.2% to n=183, 97.3%). GPT-4.0 responses were rated higher in all 4 assessed items with all median scores of 8 (IQR 7-9) compared to human responses (appropriateness 5, IQR 3-7; empathy 4, IQR 3-6; quality 5, IQR 3-6; satisfaction 5, IQR 3-6; P<.001) and had higher average word counts as compared to human responses (238 vs 76 words). Regression analyses showed that a higher word count was a statistically significant predictor of higher score in all 4 items, with every 1-word increment resulting in an increase in scores of between 0.015 and 0.019 (all P<.001). However, on subgroup analysis by authorship, this only held true for responses written by patient relations department staff and not those generated by ChatGPT which received consistently high scores irrespective of response length.

Conclusions

This study provides significant evidence supporting the effectiveness of LLMs in resolution of patient complaints. ChatGPT demonstrated superiority in terms of response appropriateness, empathy, quality, and overall satisfaction when compared against actual human responses to patient complaints. Future research can be done to measure the degree of improvement that artificial intelligence generated responses can bring in terms of time savings, cost-effectiveness, patient satisfaction, and stress reduction for the health care system.
Decision Aid for Colectomy in Recurrent Diverticulitis: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Hawkins Alexander T , Fa Andrea , Younan Samuel A , Ivatury Srinivas Joga , Bonnet Kemberlee , Schlundt David , Gordon Elisa J , Cavanaugh Kerri L
Published: July 2024

Background

Diverticular disease is a common gastrointestinal diagnosis with over 2.7 million clinic visits yearly. National guidelines from the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons state that “the decision to recommend elective sigmoid colectomy after recovery from uncomplicated acute diverticulitis should be individualized.” However, tools to individualize this decision are lacking.

Objective

This study aimed to develop an online educational decision aid (DA) to facilitate effective surgeon and patient communication about treatment options for recurrent left-sided diverticulitis.

Methods

We used a modified design sprint methodology to create a prototype DA. We engaged a multidisciplinary team and adapted elements from the Ottawa Personal Decision Guide. We then iteratively refined the prototype by conducting a mixed methods assessment of content and usability testing, involving cognitive interviews with patients and surgeons. The findings informed the refinement of the DA. Further testing included an in-clinic feasibility review.

Results

Over a 4-day in-person rapid design sprint, including patients, surgeons, and health communication experts, we developed a prototype of a diverticulitis DA, comprising an interactive website and handout with 3 discrete sections. The first section contains education about diverticulitis and treatment options. The second section clarifies the potential risks and benefits of both clinical treatment options (medical management vs colectomy). The third section invites patients to participate in a value clarification exercise. After navigating the DA, the patient prints a synopsis that they bring to their clinic appointment, which serves as a guide for shared decision-making.

Conclusions

Design sprint methodology, emphasizing stakeholder co-design and complemented by extensive user testing, is an effective and efficient strategy to create a DA for patients living with recurrent diverticulitis facing critical treatment decisions.
An Examination of Yun D. Y.'s Thought on the Peasant Question
Authors: Liang Shuli
Published: July 2024

Yun D. Y., as one of the important leaders in charge of peasant work in the early days of the Communist Party of China, gradually formed a systematic thought on the peasant issue in the practice of revolutionary struggle. Yun D. Y. insisted on the leadership of the proletariat over the peasants in the peasant issue; highly affirmed the great role of the peasants in the new democratic revolution and called on the peasants to participate in the revolution; led the peasant movement and armed the peasants; and insisted that all the work should be centered on the masses, leaving behind a valuable legacy for the solution of the peasant issue in his short life. Yun D. Y.'s thinking and exploration of the peasant problem promoted the modernization of Marxism and laid a solid foundation for the Chinese Communists to seek the correct revolutionary path of "encircling the city with the countryside" in theory and practice.
Research on the Significance and Paths of Promoting People-to-People Diplomacy
Authors: Wang Yu
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the significance and paths of promoting people-to-people diplomacy between China and neighboring Southeast Asian countries. It aims to analyze and evaluate the role and potential of people-to-people diplomacy in strengthening bilateral relations and promoting cooperation. By outlining the historical background and current status of relations between China and these countries, the paper discusses in detail the definition, importance, and role of people-to-people diplomacy in international relations. It further analyzes current people-to-people exchanges and diplomatic achievements between China and its neighboring Southeast Asian countries, and proposes specific paths and strategic recommendations in terms of government support, participation of social organizations, and educational and cultural exchanges. The study concludes that promoting people-to-people diplomacy between China and neighboring Southeast Asian countries not only helps to foster long-term stability in bilateral relations but also injects new momentum into regional and global cooperation.
Leveraging Lending Institutions for Sustainable Growth: Implications for Sales Growth and Profitability in Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Dacanay Ayeen O. , Gernalin Bleselle M. , Miguel Haselle R. , Cunanan Julianne Marie V. , Armas Kenneth L.
Published: July 2024

This study is titled, Leveraging Lending Institutions for Sustainable Growth: Implications for Sales Growth and Profitability in Small and Medium Enterprises. This research studies how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) utilize lending institutions to achieve sustainable growth. A descriptive research design was used in this study with a total of 45 respondents who answered the survey questionnaires. The respondents of this study are individuals or representatives from small and medium enterprises (SMEs) who have experience the borrowing process from lending institutions. The research objectives dealt with a description of the demographic profile of the respondents, factors influencing financing decisions, the impact of leveraging lending institutions, challenges and opportunities in leveraging lending institutions for SMEs, and a strategic plan for enhancing SMEs' access to and utilization of financing from lending institutions. The research aims to understand how SMEs' utilization of lending institutions contributes to their long-term sustainability and financial success. The study revealed that the main factor influencing SMEs financing decisions is Access to capital. Likewise, there's a strong consensus among respondents that lending institutions have positively contributed to SME's growth and expansion. Additionally, high interest rates emerge as a notable challenge, with respondents strongly agreeing on its negative impact. Lastly, access to capital emerges as a crucial opportunity, enabling SMEs to obtain the financial resources necessary for their expansion initiatives, thus facilitating market penetration and operational improvements.
From Employment to Entrepreneurship: Profiling Filipino Overseas Workers in Abu Dhabi, UAE with and without Business Ventures
Authors: Niverba Cathyrine B. , Abanilla Maria Princess B. , Gregorio Saina Mae O. , Lumanlan Richard L. , Moralde Don Vilzon R. , Fronda Jennifer G.
Published: July 2024

Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) in Abu Dhabi, UAE, are increasingly venturing into entrepreneurship, yet little research explores their entrepreneurial endeavors and the factors influencing their decisions. This study profiles OFWs with and without businesses, examining motivations, challenges, and opportunities. Employing a descriptive quantitative design, data was collected from 100 OFWs via Google Forms. Findings reveal a diverse demographic profile, with a majority being female, married, and holding bachelor’s degrees. Most OFWs have moderate incomes, significant family dependents, and extensive work experience abroad. While 32% have initiated businesses, motivations include financial independence and skills utilization. Challenges include competition and capital constraints. Lack of capital and entrepreneurial knowledge hinder entrepreneurial pursuits for others. Nonetheless, OFWs express varied career aspirations, from concurrent entrepreneurship to full-time ventures. Recommendations include tailored entrepreneurship support, investment promotion, training initiatives, and reintegration programs. Understanding OFWs' entrepreneurial landscape is crucial for policymakers and stakeholders to support their economic growth and aspirations effectively.
Performance Analysis of Walsh-Hadamard Transform-Based Gabor Filter Feature Extraction Method and GLCM Feature Extraction Method for Brain Tumor Detection
Authors: Patil Rita B
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Brain tumor detection through MRI imaging is a crucial step in medical diagnostics. This paper presents a comparative performance analysis of two feature extraction methods: the Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT) based Gabor Filter method and the Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method. We evaluate these techniques based on accuracy, computational efficiency, and robustness using a benchmark MRI dataset. Our results indicate the strengths and limitations of each method, providing insights for their application in automated brain tumor detection systems.
Combating the Obesity Crisis: The Role of Community Pharmacists in Addressing the Rising Obesity Numbers
Authors: Dave Pallav
Published: July 2024

The last decade has seen a significant increase in obesity and overweight cases globally. The World Health Organization estimates that 1 in every 8 people globally were living with overweight and obesity in 2022. This is approximately 2.5 billion who are overweight and 890 million who are obese. The rate at which the obesity prevalence is an indication that it is ending towards being an epidemic. Considering that obesity is multifactorial, isolating the exact causes is a significant problem. As a result, there is a need to dedicate more resources towards addressing the problem. One of the ways that can be used to deal with the rising obesity prevalence is expanding the role of healthcare providers more so community pharmacists to address the problem. Community pharmacists can do more than drug management in managing the growing obesity crisis. They can be involved in weight management, guidance on lifestyle modifications, and counselling on behavior modifications. They can also be involved in community-based interventions that aim to address obesity.
Keywords: obesity, obesity crisis, community pharmacists, energy intake, energy expenditure, weight management
Los altos costos como variable limitante en la gestión ambiental de las pyme
Authors: Vera-Solano Javier
Published: July 2024

El objetivo del presente artículo es obtener una respuesta para la pregunta de investigación ¿por qué en las pymes, los limitantes más grandes cuando se desea realizar gestión hacia dentro de la organización son los altos costos de implementación de las herramientas de gestión ambiental? Para ello, se realizó la localización y el análisis de información contenida en estudios previamente publicados a nivel nacional e internacional. Entre los resultados más relevantes del estudio, se pudo determinar que, en países de ingresos más bajos, la certificación en ISO 1400:2015 es más costosa, y difícil de implementar y mantener en el tiempo. Por estas razones, se establece que el propósito de la gestión medioambiental es lograr la sostenibilidad, y contribuir con el cumplimiento de los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible, pero si las pymes no cuentan con los recursos y los incentivos para ello, no habrá manera de que este sector contribuya con este fin. Los costos de las auditorías para la certificación, la implementación del estándar como tal, la falta de incentivos y financiación y, por último, el paradigma de ver la gestión ambiental como pérdida y no como beneficio son los factores más relevantes que limitan la aplicación de la gestión ambiental en las pymes.
Technological development of functionalities with convolutional neural networks for intelligent document management
Authors: Parra-Amaya Erika Marcela , Rojas-González Saida Ivonne , Quintero-Percy Iliana , Gonzále-Béndiksen De Zaldívar Claudia Cristina , Agudelo-Cristancho Nelson Giovanni
Published: July 2024

In the current highly digitized business landscape, efficient document management is crucial for increasing productivity and optimizing organizational processes. This need has been identified in this document, and an enhanced product named Infopoint, an enterprise content management software has been improved to provide intelligent document management through the implementation of advanced automation and artificial intelligence technologies. In document management, numerous processes are still manually executed, leading to errors and delays due to the burden of repetitive tasks. Manual management also causes internal delays and impacts interactions with clients, suppliers, and regulatory entities. Manual document searches consume valuable time and can result in unnecessary costs for the company. Infopoint addresses these challenges by incorporating automation features, particularly leveraging convolutional neural networks. This approach optimizes the functionality of incoming correspondence, reducing processing time by 29 %, on average. It also facilitates text and content searches within PDF documents, decreasing the average search time by 41 %. This article highlights how this improvement significantly reduces the time spent on correspondence management and information retrieval.
paradigma de la Inteligencia Artificial al servicio del talento y la equidad
Authors: Ariza Gómez Jesús
Published: July 2024

Se toma como punto de partida las observaciones realizadas desde investigaciones de la Universidad de Cambridge para refutar su apreciación sobre el carácter negativo que puede tener el desarrollo de la IA como tecnología aplicable para la gestión de talento en la selección de personal.  Los experimentos realizados aparentemente se enfocaron desde el campo del análisis de comportamiento y patrones faciales, dejando poca explicación sobre la incidencia de las competencias y su importancia en los procesos de selección.  Se argumenta entonces, sobre las necesidades de las organizaciones, la caracterización de cargos y roles por competencias y la relevancia de tecnologías emergentes como la IA para optimizar los procesos de gestión en las estrategias de las empresas, teniendo presente teorías aceptadas tanto en la gestión de talento como en el campo tecnológico y visualizando la necesidad de esta tecnología emergente para brindar soluciones a necesidades, puntualmente observadas en las organizaciones, para sus procesos de reclutamiento, selección e incorporación, entre otros relacionados con el área de talento.  En la misma perspectiva, se brinda un punto de vista reflexivo sobre la incidencia de las percepciones humanas (sesgos sociales) sobre las oportunidades laborales y escalamiento de las organizaciones, en su competitividad y diferenciación en una nueva normalidad.
Neuromarketing y su influencia en el manejo de las emociones post COVID-19
Authors: Lemoine Quintero Frank Angel , Bailón Sámchez Ligia Elena , Medina Castro Skarlett Jannela , Paladines Anchundia Kerly Leonela
Published: July 2024

La presente indagación pretende exteriorizar el predominio de la neuromercadotecnia en la actitud de operación de los habitantes del cantón Sucre, específicamente dentro del sector de Leónidas Plaza y cómo está repercutiendo en las decisiones de aquellos establecimientos conforme a los espacios gastronómicos, turísticos, hoteleros y económicos. La metodología de carácter cualitativa y cuantitativa consistió para la recolección de datos o información, fueron las primordiales en los instrumentos aplicados. La participación de expertos en la temática permitió detallar con mejor medida y exactitud donde el método descriptivo permitió verificar si el emprendedor se encuentra preparado a enfrentar las nuevas emociones que ha adquirido el consumidor después de la pandemia, además, si dichos negociantes han desarrollado nuevas estrategias de persuasión y visiblemente la aplicación del manejo en la parte del neuromarketing con la finalidad de que los clientes decidan elegirlos antes de cambiarlos. La población son negocios activos a nivel comunitario que a través del muestreo aleatorio simple no probabilístico se escogieron 22 locales. Se continuará incidiendo a nivel actividad para mejorar la imagen comercial a través de la capacitación a los propietarios de los locales objeto estudios.
CONTAMINACION FITOSANITARIA EN CONTENEDORES MARITIMOS
Authors: Eslava Sarmiento Alexander
Published: July 2024

Tasas sin precedentes de introducción y propagación de especies no autóctonas plantean desafíoscrecientes para la biodiversidad, la gestión de los recursos naturales y las economías regionales. Laglobalización en cuanto al transporte y el comercio internacional de mercancías han comprometido lasbarreras biogeográficas y ecológicas naturales entre países y continentes a través del transporte de plagasque contribuye a su establecimiento en un nuevo ecosistema. Las fuerzas económicas globales cambiantesdeterminan el volumen comercial y la frecuencia con la que transitan los buques entre puertos de origen ydestino. Anualmente, se movilizan más de 800 millones de contenedores marítimos a nivel global,facilitado por el flujo logístico eficiente a través de en las cadenas de suministro del comercio mundial. Elmovimiento de mercancías contenedorizadas de un país a otro conlleva en sí mismo el riesgo de trasladarplagas fitosanitarias a los ecosistemas de los países de destino; estos organismos no deseados ingresan enlas mercancías dentro del contenedor, en los materiales en los que se embalan las mercancías y en el propiocontenedor. El comercio internacional es el vector, los contenedores marítimos el vehículo; la plagafitosanitaria una vez introducida es muy difícil y costosa de controlar y erradicar.
Intervenciones de enfermería en el cuidado del niño con cáncer
Authors: Padilla Constante Kisi Nayidis , Quintero Ramírez Nini Milena , Granados Cayon Tais Estervis
Published: July 2024

El cáncer es una enfermedad que deteriora no solo la salud física, sino psicológica, social y espiritual del individuo, sobre todo al tratarse de niños.  Sus respuestas de afrontamiento no podrán ser las mismas que las de un adulto. En consecuencia, es importante que el personal a cargo del cuidado de enfermería posea herramientas desde el saber, el ser y el hacer, que le permitan un abordaje integral.
Revisión de literatura en bases de datos: ProQuest, Science Direct, Dialnet y Google Académico y se incluyeron once estudios con relación a la población infantil. Se seleccionaron 11 documentos que desarrollaban tres categorías: las intervenciones farmacológicas, las no farmacológicas y combinadas evidenciando que se puede optimizar la calidad de vida en los infantes familia.
Concluyéndose, las intervenciones no farmacológicas, como la musicoterapia, el ejercicio físico, masajes, el entorno familiar entre otros, son importantes en el individuo, respetando sus características y necesidades propias. En relación con la intervención no farmacológica, prioriza el alivio del dolor, defensa de los órganos y alarga la vida del infante con cáncer y las intervenciones combinadas, permite la integralidad en el cuidado, favoreciendo la comodidad y la confianza a la familia.
Tesoros escondidos voces olvidadas familia ferroviaria en Chiquinquirá 1960-1980: Aproximación crítica desde el espacio biográfico y los estudios culturales
Authors: Reina Vera Oscar Orlando
Published: July 2024

Este artículo de reflexión presenta un análisis crítico desprendido de la pregunta ¿Qué construcciones culturales, relaciones de poder e identidades se pueden identificar en el contexto ferroviario de Chiquinquirá, entre 1960 y 1980?, como eje de una investigación, enmarcada en los Estudios Culturales, el Espacio Biográfico y la Memoria, como soportes teóricos y conceptuales. En efecto, a partir de una cuidadosa exploración de la memoria ferroviaria presente en las narrativas de algunos de los integrantes de esta familia, se construyó un corpus que generó un examen cualitativo de carácter hermenéutico. Este proceso permitió la identificación de unos caracteres culturales presentes en este entorno. Tales aspectos reflejan unas categorías conceptuales específicas: cultura, poder, identidad, participación cultural, política cultural y subjetividades, dentro de los rasgos identitarios de ese contexto. Esta realidad evidencia el rol del Ferrocarril del Norte en Chiquinquirá y las raíces culturales que sembró en esta región. Como parte de este estudio, y de acuerdo con su corte hermenéutico, el proceso en la actualidad se encuentra en la fase de construcción de historia narrada con el fin de visibilizar esta familia cultural. De hecho, este trabajo suscita nuevas propuestas que valoren la riqueza presente en la memoria popular.
La quantification du Plan Maroc Vert : nouvel esprit du néolibéralisme ?
Authors: El Mazouni Habiba ,   Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc, Kadiri Zakaria , Malzi Jaouad ,   Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc,   Cadi Ayyad University
Published: July 2024

Au Maroc, si l’analyse des politiques publiques est au cœur des préoccupations des chercheurs en sciences sociales, l’analyse de leur quantification l’est beaucoup moins. A partir de la constitution d’un corpus documentaire et sur la base de plusieurs entretiens menés, les auteurs mettent en relief la quantification comme un art de gouverner particulièrement imposant dans une séquence néolibérale de l’histoire du Maroc. Outre l’acte de quantifier qui recèle une portée politique, sociale et culturelle, les dynamiques de la réception des statistiques agricoles sont mieux perceptibles dans un agencement entre un jugement façonné par une succession d’expériences vis-à-vis de la politique agricole et des interprétations qui oscillent au même rythme que des usages divers et variés.
Biology of Plassey Borer, Chilo tumidicostalis (Hampson) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Vishwajeet  , Kumar Anil
Published: July 2024

The experiment was conducted during June to November of 2023 at Bio-control laboratory of Sugarcane Research Institute, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, India. The infestation of the Plassey borer started in the month of June and remained prevalent till November month in the field. The infested canes were brought to the laboratory for biological studies. Biological studies of Chilo tumidicostalis Hampson (Crambidae; Lepidoptera) revealed that the female lays eggs in 3–4 batches which averaged 410.64±45.21 eggs per female. The adult female preferred to lay eggs on the live plants only. The incubation period of the eggs was 7.05±0.60 days with hatching percentage as 97.56±0.90%. There was a total of 5 larval instars and the duration of first, second, third, fourth and fifth larval instars were 3.20±0.52, 3.7±0.47, 4.75±0.79, 6.05±0.69 and 6.35±0.67 days, respectively. The pupa and adult showed sexual dimorphism and variation in duration of pupal and adult period. The length of the male and female pupa was26.78±0.10 and 32.85±0.07 mm, respectively. The length of the adult male and female was 11.62±0.15 and 12.74±0.24 mm, respectively. The width of the adult male and female was 24.31±0.63 and 28.73±0.78 mm, respectively. The average pupal period of male and female was 7.25±1.21 and 8.1±1.37 days, respectively. Also, the adult male and female longevity was 3.9±0.64 and 4.8±0.77 days, respectively. The sex ratio was found to be 1:1.24 (male:female).
Residue Retention and Potassium Nitrate Improvise the Yield and Economics of Wheat Crop
Authors: Jaidka Manpreet , Singh Brar Amandeep
Published: July 2024

The experiment was conducted during rabi (October, 2021-April, 2022) season at farmers’ field in the NICRA adopted village Meenia, District Moga, Punjab to check the integrated effect of crop residue management practices and KNO3 spray on the productivity of wheat crop. The trial was replicated four times with eight treatments viz., conventional sowing by residue burning, conventional sowing by residue burning fb foliar spray of KNO3 (2%) at heading and anthesis stage, sowing of wheat with happy seeder, sowing of wheat with happy seeder fb foliar spray of KNO3 (2%) at heading and anthesis stage, sowing of wheat with surface seeding, sowing of wheat with surface seeding fb foliar spray of KNO3 (2%) at heading and anthesis stage, sowing of wheat after incorporation of paddy straw, sowing of wheat after incorporation of paddy straw fb foliar spray of KNO3 (2%) at heading and anthesis stage. Results showed that surface seeding fb KNO3 spray, happy seeder technology fb KNO3 spray recorded significantly higher 1000 grain weight than conventional tillage. Surface seeding and KNO3 spray recorded highest grain yield (4.91 t ha-1) followed by happy seeder and KNO3 spray (4.84 t ha-1). A synergistic effect between CRM technologies and foliar application of KNO3 was recorded where they resulted in 16.65 (4.84 t ha-1), 18.34 (4.91 t ha-1) and 5.38% higher grain yield in comparison to conventional sowing (4.15 t ha-1). A highly significant positive correlation (r=0.449) was recorded between number of grains ear-1 and grain yield. Surface seeding and happy seeder technology significantly increased net returns and B:C of wheat crop than conventional practices.
Can We Design Spontaneity? Hayek, Design, and the Normative Appeal of Spontaneous Orders
Authors: Colin-Jaeger Nathanaël
Published: July 2024

Spontaneous orders are an essential concept in political theory and political economy. Such orders entail the impossibility of predicting outcomes in detail and hence controlling and directing social processes. Many phenomena characterizing contemporary societies can be depicted as spontaneous orders, from the housing and financial markets to the evolution of norms and trends. Yet, it is well known that not every spontaneous order is beneficial. Therefore, what form of political framework is compatible with recognizing such orders? In this article, I address this problem through the example of the work of Friedrich Hayek, a prominent liberal theorist of spontaneous orders. His work shows the necessity to theorize a government of spontaneous orders based on maximizing reasonable expectations and individual freedom. I finally emphasize what such a theory implies for political power, which is not abolished but should handle complexity appropriately.
Securing obligations: a reply to Hindriks
Authors: Gunnemyr Mattias , Touborg Caroline Torpe
Published: July 2024

In his contribution to this special issue, Hindriks considers the Security Principle, an account of pro tanto obligations based on our account of reasons (Gunnemyr and Touborg 2023a). According to the Security Principle, you have a pro tanto obligation not to perform an action that makes a harm more secure. Hindriks raises two objections to this account. First, that it is too flexible; second, that it gives wrong verdicts when agents are robustly unwilling to act in a certain way. Here, we respond to Hindriks’ objections and argue that Hindriks’ account, the Threshold Principle, gives counterintuitive verdicts in preemption and low-probability cases.
Carbon Offsets and Concerns About Shifting Harms: A Reply to Elson
Authors: Mintz-Woo Kian
Published: July 2024

Luke Elson defends carbon offsetting on the basis that it is not morally objectionable to shift harms or risks around. As long as emitting and offsetting does not increase the overall harms or risks—and merely shifts them—compared to refraining from emitting, he suggests there is no injustice involved. I respond in several ways, suggesting that the time delay involved in offsetting can increase these risks but, regardless, there is a defensible default which could justify refraining from emitting, even when planning to offset.
Optimizing the Parameters of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composite Drilling Process Using Signal-to-noise Ratio-based Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Taiwo Emmanuel Oluwatobi , Oke Sunday Ayoola , Rajan John , Jose Swaminathan , Oyetunji Elkanah Olaosebikan , Adedeji Kasali Aderinmoye
Published: July 2024

This study aims to develop an optimization scheme that contributes to the production of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics using the grey wolf optimization approach. Different from other optimization schemes such as the Taguchi method, which takes some time to compute and use, this grey wolf optimization approach introduced a fast convergence scheme to reduce computation time thereby making its implementation in the factory very interesting. Data used for the analysis was obtained from a doctoral thesis via an experimental approach. Four responses were considered in this work, namely the torque, delamination at entry and exit, eccentricity and thrust force. A spreadsheet was used to implement the computational procedure of the grey wolf optimization algorithm. In using the wolves, at the initial level, the starting point was a zero where hunting had not begun and the prey had just entered the park, which is within the territory of the grey wolves. With this in mind, real life is mimicked and such data gathered would aid precise decision-making. The results revealed the feasibility of the approach and convergence was obtained at the tenth iteration with the best fitness value at 9020785071. It is expected that the findings from this work will be useful as a method for planning in production planning and policy development for the carbon fiber-reinforced plastic industry. This study is a noteworthy contribution to the production development of CFRPs where the grey wolf algorithm is used to analyze the problem. In addition, evidence of the responses determining the quality of drilled products is provided.
Unraveling the spatial dynamics: exploring the urban form characteristics and COVID-19 cases in Yogyakarta city, Indonesia
Authors: Purwono Nugroho , Hutama Irsyad A. W. , Wibisono Bambang H.
Published: July 2024

The urban area is a spatial system that significantly impacts residents’ health risks. Despite the fact that urban areas house only 55% of the global population, they account for 95% of COVID-19 cases, highlighting the urgent need to understand the role of the urban environment in disease spread. This research explores the critical impact of urban form characteristics on public health risks, focusing primarily on the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission. The aim of the study study is to elucidate the spatial association between urban form elements such as connectivity, density, and heterogeneity and the incidence of COVID-19 cases, with a specific focus on Yogyakarta. Using global (OLS) and local (GWR) spatial regression models, we analyzed the relationship between these elements and COVID-19 prevalence at the neighborhood level rigorously. Our findings reveal a pronounced spatial correlation, particularly highlighting the significance of connectivity and heterogeneity. These factors explain over 95% of the variance in case numbers, while density shows no substantial link. This study’s originality lies in its hypothesis-driven examination of urban form impact on COVID-19 transmission, providing new insights into the spatial determinants of health risks in urban settings. Practical implications of our research are profound, providing evidencebased guidance for urban planning and disaster preparedness strategies to mitigate future health crises better. The study contributes valuable insights into designing healthier and more sustainable urban environments by providing a nuanced understanding of how the urban form influences the spread of disease.
Modeling land use change of mid-sized cities in the process of metropolization. Case study La Serena-Coquimbo conurbation, Chile
Authors: Mustelier Diana , Henríquez Cristian
Published: July 2024

The current urbanization trend shows a large number of conurbated medium-sized cities growing and others that could be transformed into metropolises, especially in Latin America. This has led to disparities in the provision of urban services and amenities, as well as new territorial processes and spatial fragmentation. The objective of this study is to analyze the future changes in land use and land cover in the La Serena-Coquimbo conurbation, Coquimbo Region, Chile, under two different scenarios: Business-as-usual and Spatial Planning between 2020 and 2042. These different scenarios were simulated using the CLUMondo model based on the evolution of land use/cover between 1990-2020 in order to identify the main dynamics associated with urban growth in both cities. The simulation scenarios reflect how the urban area of the conurbation will expand towards the peri-urban area. In the first scenario, urban land shows an increase of 54%, and in the second one, 45% from 2020 to 2042, reinforcing the issues of the metropolization process in the conurbation, such as spatial segregation, infrastructure deficits, loss of ecosystems and natural landscapes, and fragmentation of rural areas. Spatially explicit models have proven to be a powerful tool for decision-makers tasked with projecting urban growth, particularly in conurbated cities undergoing metropolization.
Impact of tourism on pristine habitats at the Avachinsky Pass (Kamchatka), a World Heritage Site
Authors: Popov I. , Moiseev A. , Iurmanov A. , Romanov A. , Karpov E. , Orlova K. , Tereshchenko N. , Emets E. , Lebedev Y. , Gnedenko A.
Published: July 2024

The volcanoes of Kamchatka are a World Heritage Site. They are of aesthetic, conservation, and scientific value; therefore, they must be protected from negative anthropogenic influences. However, according to the recent assessment by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, this site inspires significant concern. A similar viewpoint was also expressed in the local press. A part of the site, Avachinsky Pass, inspires a particular concern. This is a place between the volcanoes Koryaksky and Avachinsky. An excessive number of visitors was considered the main threat because it resulted in the trampling of soil and the extirpation of threatened animals. We performed a survey of the Avachinsky Pass aiming to estimate its state. Based on aerial pictures and observation we composed a scheme of habitats over the area around Avachinsky Pass revealing the disturbed plots of land. Moreover, we registered vertebrates considering them as biological indicators. It became clear that tourism has a significant impact on the state of the Avachinsky Pass, but the affected area is relatively small. Despite a large number of visitors, the survey revealed high biodiversity. We registered 19 species of birds and 9 species of mammals. Among them, black-capped marmots are especially informative as they have a settled way of life; they do occur on the Pass. The absence of grazing and logging contributes to the conservation of elfin forests and other plant communities on the slopes making the object resistant to anthropogenic impacts. Off-road vehicles pose the biggest threat to bare-ground revegetation.
Inaccuracy of relative elevations on uavbased digital elevation models without precise reference information
Authors: Zorina Victoria V. , Entin Andrey L.
Published: July 2024

Imagery obtained from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is widely used for land surface modelling. Recent research prove that digital elevation models (DEMs) created from UAV imagery are characterized by a high rate of accuracy and reliability. Most of these studies are focused on assessing absolute elevation accuracy of the UAV DEMs, but the accuracy of relative elevations (i.e., accuracy of reproducing of local elevation differences within DEM) also should be considered. In this paper, we focus on the precision of replicating relative elevations in DEMs derived from imagery captured via UAVs without precise coordinate reference. To evaluate this accuracy, we use datasets of aerial images processed in two different methods: one with on-board coordinates obtained from a GNSS receiver, and the other based on precise coordinates calculated with the Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) method. The sites selected for assessment are not look like each other in terms of terrain and forest cover characteristics to track the difference of modelling in the divergent areas. Constructed DEMs were compared with reference fragments of global DEMs by the statistical indices for the difference fields. The findings indicate that the absence of an accurate coordinate reference does not have a substantial impact on the precision of reproducing relative elevations in the DEM. This makes it possible to use UAV materials without precise coordinate reference for modelling in most geographical studies, where the error of terrain steepness values of 0.9° can be considered acceptable.
GIS mapping of the soil cover of an urbanized territory: drainage basin of the Setun river in the west of Moscow (Russian Federation)
Authors: Gerasimova Maria I. , Chernitsova Olga V. , Vasil’chuk Jessica Yu. , Kosheleva Natalia E.
Published: July 2024

Soil mapping of urban areas is required for solving many applied problems. However, its methodology is still under development. The lack of information about urban soils and the inconsistence of their classifications are the main difficulties, as well as the intricate soil cover patterns in cities and towns. The research was aimed to compile the soil map for the drainage basin of the small urban river Setun at a scale that could reflect its soil cover heterogeneity. Some new approaches to the differentiation of urban and semi-urban soils in accordance with recent ideas on their systematic and land use variants have been proposed. The concept of pedo-urbo-mosaics, which implements the soil cover pattern theory in relation to urbanized territory, has been used for delineating mapping units. The compilation methodology involved the use of open spatial data and GIS technologies. The subdivision of the basin into mapping units was performed using ©OpenStreetMap data and Yandex Maps Web mapping service. Spatial analysis in GIS allowed for mapping the territory with a moderate urbanization rate on a large scale, obtaining a more adequate and detailed spatial representation of the area than in the case of applying the traditional approach. The map, at a scale of 1:60,000 contains 16 natural/semi-natural soils and technogenic superficial formations, as well as 11 pedo-urbo-mosaics. The study may be of methodological interest as an experience in soil mapping of urbanized areas using GIS.
Investigating User Privacy and Security on Telegram Messenger: A Wireshark Analysis
Authors:   University of Karbala, Qasim Arafat Zaid
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study is to scrutinize the safety and confidentiality strategies implemented by Telegram Messenger with the assistance of Wireshark, an extensively used network protocol analyzer. Our scrutiny will be centered on diverse dimensions pertaining to user interactions within said platform, such as registration protocols, message exchanges, file conveyance mechanisms, and audio and video calls. The exploration also encompasses a foray into encryption algorithms employed by Telegram while simultaneously weighing out conceivable security risks that might arise from deploying different messenger functions.
Detecting Copy-Move Forgery in Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
Authors:   Misurata University, Bashir Zabiya Alaa , Baio Madi Fatima ,   Misurata University, Ali Abuzaraida Mustafa ,   Misurata University
Published: July 2024

Recently, digital images have become widely used in various fields, attracting the attention of researchers in the field of digital image processing. This research focuses on detecting a type of image forgery using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), specifically the copy-move forgery. In this forgery, a portion of the image is copied and pasted onto another part of the same image. The research proposes a CNN-based network structure for detecting copy-move forgery in images. The model is trained on different datasets previously used in this domain and then tested on a new dataset to reliably evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model. The model was trained on the (MICC-F2000) dataset and achieved an accuracy of up to 97.75%. It was also trained on the (CoMoFoD) dataset and achieved an accuracy of up to 92.85%. The results of testing the trained models on the new dataset indicate the superiority of the model trained on the (MICC-F2000) dataset. However, both models did not achieve high accuracy due to the fact that the forgery in the new dataset is unclear and difficult to detect with the naked eye.
Persuasive Technology for Influencing Information Security Awareness: A Qualitative Study
Authors:   International Islamic University Malaysia, Abdullah Bawazir Mohammed , Mahmud Murni ,   International Islamic University Malaysia, Abdul Molok Nurul Nuha ,   International Islamic University Malaysia, M Zeki Akram ,   International Islamic University Malaysia
Published: July 2024

Persuasive technology is expanding rapidly in numerous domains, including health, education, computing, marketing, and sales. It has been determined that persuasive technology is effective at influencing the desired attitude and behaviour of users. Nevertheless, the utilisation of persuasive technology is limited in the field of information security awareness. This study applied persuasive technology to influence end-users’ security awareness. Hence, the prototype has been developed by incorporating persuasive strategies and prototype features. 45 participants performed semi-structured interviews after experiencing the prototype. The findings indicate that the prototype has sufficient, accurate, and persuasive contents that influences the user’s security awareness. Therefore, persuasive technology has a substantial impact on influencing security awareness, thereby assisting end-users in enhancing their compliance with best security practices.
The Role of Governance in Combating Corruption - An Analytical Study
Authors:   College of Law – Uni. Mosul – Iraq, Idrees Ahmed , Mohammad Ali ,   College of Law – Uni. Mosul – Iraq
Published: July 2024

ركزت هذه الدراسة في بيان العناصر الاساسية لمفهوم الحوكمة وكيفية توظيفها من اجل مكافحة الفساد الاداري من خلال عرض مفهوم الحوكمة وعناصرها ، وأبعادها ، والتطرق لمدى مساهمة الحوكمة في مكافحة الفساد والحد منه, من خلال اليات القانونية والادرية والتي يرتبطان بعضهما بالبعض الاخر ارتباطاً وثيقاً ، فمن أهم خصائص الحوكمة أنها تضم آليات لمكافحة الفساد، ويعـد مؤشر السيطرة على الفساد من أهـم مجلات اهتمام الحوكمة في النظام القانوني الداخلي فضلاً عن ذلك تسهم الحوكمة في وضع معايير للنزاهة والشفافية والمساءلة، وترتبط ايضا بتحقيق الاصلاحات الادارية ، من خلال بيان دور الحوكمة في مكافحة الفساد المالي والاداري، والتطرق الى دور الحوكمة في ارساء ووضع معايير للنزاهة والشفافية والمساءلة والتي تصب في ترشيد الادارة ، وأن دور الحوكمة هو في اساسه اصلاح الادارة وتطوير الخدمة العامة التي تحقق التنمية البشرية والادارية من خلال ماتتسم به من اليات وعناصر تصب بالمصلحة العامة.