bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O nascimento do Brasil: revisão de um paradigma historiográfico
Authors: Oliveira João Pacheco de
Published: June 2017

A história do Brasil como é habitualmente contada torna inteiramente inviável pretender compreender a importância dos indígenas na fundação da colônia bem como na construção da nacionalidade. Sem que se exerça sobre ela uma crítica radical, apontando sua ineficácia enquanto instrumento descritivo e analítico, explicitando os pressupostos políticos e ideológicos em que se assenta, rompendo com o paradigma historiográfico existente, é impossível compreender os processos atuais de mobilização política, re-elaboração cultural e demarcação identitária pela qual passam as populações indígenas do nordeste, área onde começou a colonização do país. A categoria de “pacificação”, que constituiu um dos pilares básicos da política colonial e ainda hoje se expressa na classificação dos indígenas segundo um gradiente que vai de “isolados” a “integrados”, só tem valor militar e administrativo, não analítico. As narrativas e interpretações produzidas pela história oficial sobre os indígenas desconhecem por completo a especificidade dos seus pontos de vista e de suas estratégias. Classificam de forma maniqueísta, através da oposição extermínio e proteção, as ações e episódios em que estão envolvidos os indígenas sem chegar a uma compreensão efetiva do espaço político que ocuparam e das múltiplas formas de resistência que colocaram em prática. Ao assim proceder tal discurso revela-se como peça fundamental para legitimar a tutela, naturalizando-a, e persistindo em ignorer as vozes e iniciativas dos indígenas reais.
Da etnografia ao indigenismo: uma trajetória antropológica
Authors: Ramos Alcida Rita
Published: June 2017

Relato da trajetória profissional de Alcida Rita Ramos desde suas primeiras incursões na antropologia como aluna do Professor Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira no Museu Nacional, passando pela pós-graduação na Universidade de Wisconsin, Madison, até a sua aposentadoria na Universidade de Brasília, com ênfase nas pesquisas entre os Sanumá, subgrupo Yanomami e, posteriormente, no indigenismo comparado na América Latina.
Autonomia em saúde indígena: sobre o que estamos falando?
Authors: Teixeira Carla Costa
Published: June 2017

Através do escrutínio das Conferências Nacionais de Saúde Indígena o artigo mapeia os diferentes sentidos da autonomia enquanto uma ideia valor que surge no campo da saúde indígena como consensual entre todos os sujeitos que o compõem. Logra por tal procedimento propor um contínuo semântico no qual as estratégias políticas operam deslocamentos e combinações contextualizadas entre a autonomia indígena entendida como (i) irredutibilidade da diferença; (ii) parceria e participação protagonista; (iii) e controle da gestão em saúde indígena nos termos de decisão e supervisão do processo. Não se observando como prioridade até o momento o controle direto da gestão da saúde indígena, o eixo de ação dos povos indígenas em saúde no Brasil, diferente do que vem ocorrendo no Canadá, tem sido o da cidadania e não o do autogoverno. Contribuir para a compreensão dos limites e possibilidades desta trajetória na saúde indígena brasileira é ambição maior destas reflexões que, ao final, trazem considerações sobre o principal mecanismo de exercício de cidadania indígena (e não indígena) no campo da saúde pública, ou seja, sobre o “controle social” e sua ambivalência no manejo das categorias de “usuários” e “representantes” indígenas.
Entre o privado e o público: considerações sobre a (in) criminação da intolerância religiosa no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Miranda Ana Paula Mendes de
Published: June 2017

Partindo da premissa que a noção de direitos é uma categoria relacional, cujo emprego supõe uma situação de interação que envolve pelo menos duas partes e um contexto determinado, este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre a demanda por criminação da intolerância religiosa a partir da mobilização da Comissão de Combate à Intolerância Religiosa, formada por religiosos e militantes do movimento negro, no Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa etnográfica possibilitou a análise de práticas de administração informais e institucionais de conflitos em situações de conflitos relacionadas às manifestações de diferenças identitárias étnico-religiosas no espaço público. Buscou-se compreender o tratamento dado a esses conflitos pelas instituições públicas, em especial, a polícia e o judiciário, visando identificar como os dispositivos jurídicos e normativos são aplicados e apropriados em contextos distintos. Pode-se perceber que a estratégia de levar para a esfera pública os conflitos que envolvem a intolerância religiosa tem por objetivo confrontar uma das características das práticas de discriminação no Brasil, que é a sua dissimulação, representando um mecanismo que os atores, cuja dignidade tem sido historicamente negada ou desqualificada no plano ético-moral, utilizam para buscar a reversão desse cenário. Por outro lado, a atuação das instituições policiais e judiciais acaba por reprivatizar os conflitos, negandolhes a possibilidade de reivindicar direitos na esfera pública.
A los siete años de la masacre del Naya: la perspectiva de las víctimas
Authors: Jimeno Myriam , Castillo Ángela , Varela Daniel
Published: June 2017

Recientemente se cumplieron siete años del acto de violencia conocido en Colombia como la masacre del Naya, en el que murieron a manos de “paramilitares” al menos cuarenta pobladores nasa, afrocolombianos,campesinos y comerciantes de esa región remota del sur occidente colombiano.Este texto estudia la narrativa escénica con la que uno de los grupos de supervivientes - la comunidad Kitek Kiwe – recreó lo sucedido al conmemorarse siete años. La puesta en escena nos permite discutir los mecanismos y procesos en los que la política cultural alienta la recomposición emocional y política después de un hecho de violencia de gran magnitud. La narrativa escénica pone en evidencia matices, énfasis y juegos de sentido y cómo los emplean las personas para recobrarse como sujetos y crear comunidades emocionales interculturales que trasciendan sus fronteras étnicas y culturales.
Abuse Among Child Domestic Workers in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam M. Rezaul
Published: June 2017

This study explored the prevalence and causes of child abuses e.g., physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of child domestic workers in Bangladesh. This study used a mixed method approach. Data sources were 849 child domestic workers, 849 house owners, and 15 development practitioners and experts. A household survey was carried out in three different areas in the Dhaka city. The study employed semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and observation methods. The results showed that the prevalence of child abuses was very high and manifested physically, emotionally, and sexually among the studied child domestic workers. This was noted as a violation of Bangladesh law and of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). The findings of this study could be an important guideline to the policy makers, human rights practitioners, and international human and child rights organisations in seeking to alleviate these violations.
Social Norms or Child Labour?
Authors: Munthali Josephine
Published: June 2017

This chapter discusses social norms which purportedly condone “unpaid child labour” as a way of bringing up children, especially girls, in preparation for early marriage in the Maasai community in Kenya. International organisations such as the International Labour Office (ILO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) view “unpaid child labour” as detrimental to children's education and welfare. Yet, in the Maasai culture, it is viewed as a way mothers prepare girls to be responsible married women from an early age. Findings revealed that the young educated Maasai girls and boys who are “agents of change” are actively engaged in sensitising their communities and advocating for the rights of girls, and women. The Chapter recommends that the Government of Kenya, international NGOs and stakeholders work together with agents of change in their communities to create awareness concerning children's rights.
Interagency Collaboration to Improve School Outcomes for Students With Mental Health Challenges
Authors: Bixler Kristina , Anderson Jeffrey Alvin
Published: June 2017

Students with significant emotional-behavioral concerns and mental illness tend to experience poor educational and social outcomes. This chapter describes some of the challenges facing schools that are responsible for educating students with and at-risk for mental health challenges. Although some students encounter numerous risks, thereby increasing the chances of developing mental illness and failing school, there are also protective factors that can be identified and harnessed to counterbalance such risks and promote higher levels of resilience. By examining relationships among factors such as poverty, mental well-being, family engagement, resiliency, and school performance, a school-focused, community-based framework is suggested for responding to and overcoming these challenges. This chapter provides practical guidelines for schools, community agencies, and families to work together to support and engage young people who are at-risk for school failure due to emotional-behavioral concerns and mental health challenges.
Pooling Resources to Fund the Arts
Authors: Hersey Leigh Nanney
Published: June 2017

The viability of today's arts and cultural nonprofit organizations depends much on the ability to generate financial resources. Leaders of these organizations must balance government funding, private giving, and earned income to meet their budget needs. Using regression analysis, this research focuses on the relationship between government funding and private giving to nonprofit arts and culture organizations. Results suggest that government funding of the arts, including arts education programs, encourages private giving. Therefore, organizations need to continue to fight for funding from programs like the U.S. Department of Education's Arts in Education which will in turn encourage private giving. It is the pooling of different revenue streams that can keep the arts vibrant in our communities.
Knowledge Creation and Student Engagement Within 3D Virtual Worlds
Authors: Burton Brian G. , Martin Barbara
Published: June 2017

Examined in this 3D Virtual World case study was undergraduate student engagement on a learning task and student creation of knowledge. After creating a 3D didactic constructivist virtual world, student conversations were recorded for analysis using Hara, Bonk, and Angeli's (2000) engagement framework and Nonaka and Takeuchi's (1995) knowledge creation theory. The five forms of student engagement augmented the learning process and a complete knowledge spiral was documented, emphasizing the use of the four modes of knowledge conversion. Though limited in time and scope, results further suggest that a highly engaged community of learners was created.
Evaluating E-Learning from an End User Perspective
Authors: Costello Robert
Published: June 2017

Evaluating e-learning is an important measure for quality control, which aims to improve the whole e-learning environment through taking into consideration users' perceptions and needs, as well as participants, stakeholders, and institutions. However, literature does indicate that institutions are only using e-learning as a repository for uploading academic materials, instead of taking into consideration of features and the learner. This chapter examines a variety of evaluation techniques adopted from e-learning, personalised learning, and User Modelling to suggest improvements within the industry to challenge the end users' perceptions of on-line education.
The Influence of Social Networks on High School Students' Performance
Authors: Abu-Shanab Emad , Al-Tarawneh Heyam
Published: June 2017

Social networks are becoming an integral part of people's lives. Students are spending much time on social media and are considered the largest category that uses such application. This study tries to explore the influence of social media use, and especially Facebook, on high school students' performance. The study used the GPA of students in four courses and their responses regarding the use of social media. Statistical analysis is used to infer this relationship and its implications. Results indicated a support of this study aim and the relationship between the different dimensions of Facebook influence on students with respect to the time spent on the Internet and Facebook specifically. Conclusions and future work are stated at the end.
Effectiveness of Online Advising on Honors Student Retention and Engagement
Authors: VanDieren Monica
Published: June 2017

Academic advising is an important component of a student's education, and more often universities are turning to technology to aid in this task. This paper presents a case study of an online advising system that complements a university degree audit system by providing honors students and advisors up-to-date details on individual progress towards completing the honors curriculum and on the level of engagement in the honors co-curricular programming. By leveraging the features of Google Apps for Education, this advising system allows faculty and students to securely and easily access accurate information during schedule planning, and frees up honors staff from repetitive tasks allowing them to dedicate more time to helping students plan their educational journey. Effectiveness of this new system is measured by accuracy of information, time spent by the administration in maintaining the system, student retention and completion of the honors curriculum, and student engagement in honors co-curricular programming. The Google Script described in this paper can be adapted for mail-merge and automatic web page generation in several educational settings beyond academic advising.
Emerging Technologies for Dementia Patient Monitoring
Authors: Qassem Tarik
Published: June 2017

In this chapter, the author explores the available technologies that can enhance the Quality of Life of individuals with dementia. He investigates the foundations of telemetry, different sensor technologies, Context-Aware Systems, and the use of the Internet of Thing in supporting those to live an independent life. The author reviews the use of Smart Homes in supporting individuals with dementia. He then discusses the role of social networking sites in keeping this group connected. In addition to that, the author examines the use of Global Poisoning System (GPS) technology in management of wandering behaviour and the possible use of the currently available technologies in the detection, diagnosing the cause, assessing the response to treatment, as well as prevention of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia (BPSD). This is followed by a brief discussion of the acceptability and the ethical issues that surround the use of these technologies.
Speech Recognition Software Contributes to Reading Development for Young Learners of English
Authors: Reeder Kenneth , Shapiro Jon , Wakefield Jane , D'Silva Reg
Published: June 2017

Thirty-six English language learners aged 6;8 to 12;6 years received practice with The Reading Tutor, which uses speech recognition to listen to oral reading and provides context-sensitive feedback. A crossover research design controlled effects of classroom instruction. The first subgroup worked with the software for 3.5 months, and following a week's crossover period, the second subgroup worked for a subsequent 3.5 months. Both groups were assessed to obtain comparable gains both in regular classroom with English as an Additional Language (EAL) support and in the classroom condition with EAL support plus the Reading Tutor. Oral reading fluency was assessed by the DIBELS measure. Fluency was also calculated by the program, and grade level of materials mastered was assessed by the software's logs. Both groups made significant gains in oral reading fluency and grade level of materials mastered, according to measures internal to the software. For one period, gains in fluency following experience with the program appeared to have been slightly larger than gains with regular classroom instruction and EAL support only.
Integration of Wireless Technologies in Smart University Campus Environment
Authors: Khamayseh Yaser , Mardini Wail , Aljawarneh Shadi , Yassein Muneer Bani
Published: June 2017

In this paper, the authors are particularly interested in enhancing the education process by integrating new tools to the teaching environments. This enhancement is part of an emerging concept, called smart campus. Smart University Campus will come up with a new ubiquitous computing and communication field and change people's lives radically by providing systems and devices supported with smart technologies that have the capabilities of rapid respond to changes and circumstances without human interference, and it will be able to learn from these circumstances. This paper presents framework architecture for integrating various types of wireless networks into a smart university campus to enhance communication among students, instructors, and administration. Moreover, the authors study two possible applications to utilize the proposed networking framework: smart identification and social collaboration applications. An essential part to achieve the main principles of smart university campus is the deployment and usage of smart card technologies for identification and payment. Nowadays, there are several types of smart identification cards that support wireless technologies such as RFIDs and NFC. In both types, a card reader can read the card information from a distance. Moreover, in NFC cards, the card is integrated with the user's cellular phone. Social networking services (such as Facebook) facilitate online communication and provide a suitable environment for collaboration among students. As a part of future work, the proposed framework is deployed in the authors' university campus to find out the end-end performance and system usability.
E-Commerce in India
Authors: Kalia Prateek , Kaur Navdeep , Singh Tejinderpal
Published: June 2017

This chapter uniquely reports origin of e-commerce and holistic present scenario of online retail in India. Desk research and extant review of literature from reliable market research reports, books, journals and web has been done to decipher internet penetration, evolution of e-commerce and present scenario. Study observed that India is third largest country in terms of internet users. India will drive e-commerce in Asia pacific region after China and Indonesia. Reasons hampering India from finding place in global retail e-commerce index are also put in foreground. Sequential events leading to growth of different types of e-commerce in India are delineated into two waves to understand the evolutionary process. Out of total non-travel B2C e-commerce, online retail holds significant fifty percent share and its prospects for future growth are extremely positive. Businesses and researchers will find this chapter useful to devise future strategies to win and sustain e-commerce market in India.
The Effects of National Culture on Social Commerce and Online Fashion Purchase Intention
Authors: Hepple Sarah Josephine , Dennison Julie A.
Published: June 2017

This chapter investigates the effects of national culture on social commerce and in turn, online fashion purchase intention. Using a deductive approach, hypotheses were developed that sit within the context of shopping for fashion products online. A quantitative research instrument was developed to test for difference between Chinese and British online fashion consumers. Results show that national culture has a significant influence on social commerce engagement, with Chinese participants found to be greatly influenced by their social group when shopping online. The study also found that purchase intention is positively influenced by social commerce engagement across both cultures. As this study argues that global fashion consumers are not homogenous in their shopping habits, fashion brands are advised to acknowledge cultural difference across markets to ensure an optimal shopping experience. Investment in website localisation using local expertise should increase purchase intention in overseas markets.
The Impact of Inertia as Mediator and Antecedent on Consumer Loyalty and Continuance Intention
Authors: Amoroso Donald Louis , Ackaradejruangsri Pajaree , Lim Ricardo A.
Published: June 2017

This study builds on existing loyalty literature and theories, and extends to include consumer attitudes impact on continuous intention and loyalty based on relationship marketing and information systems. Three structural equation models built from a survey of 458 mobile Thai consumers revealed that inertia was the strongest factor among all constructs in predicting consumer loyalty and continuance intention, either as mediator or antecedent. Support was found for all of the hypothesized relationships for consumers using mobile wallet apps, except for the path between loyalty and continuance intention. Though the direct effects of consumer attitudes were more or less constant, satisfaction became insignificant when inertia acted as a mediator. As an antecedent to both consumer attitudes and satisfaction, inertia significantly increased the explanatory power of continuance intention and loyalty. This study provides new insights into factors that influence loyalty and continuance intention in the context of mobile wallet applications.
The Impact of Web 2.0 on E-Commerce Adoption and Use by Tourism Businesses – Can SMMEs Play the Trick?
Authors: Maoneke Pardon Blessings , Isabirye Naomi
Published: June 2017

The subject of Information Technology (IT) adoption and use has been going on for some time (Jeyaraj & Sabherwal, 2008). In particular, to electronic commerce (e-Commerce) adoption and use, the invention of Web 2.0 presents new technological features for potential and current e-Commerce adopters as well as new challenges. With Web 2.0, customers' perceptions, preferences and decisions are not only based on information presented on e-Commerce websites, but are also influenced by content generated by people on social networks and interactive e-Commerce websites. This poses the following question: how can Small, Medium and Micro-Sized Enterprises in the tourism sector (tourism SMMEs) keep up with these technological advancements given their limited resources? Accordingly, this book chapter proposes a framework that shows challenges and incentives (critical success factors) of e-Commerce, identifies e-Commerce platforms tourism SMMEs should adopt in order to maximise benefits and outlines what tourism SMMEs should expect from their e-Commerce platforms.
Mobile Services Behavioral Intention
Authors: Saprikis Vaggelis , Vlachopoulou Maro , Zarmpou Theodora
Published: June 2017

This chapter presents a review of literature concerning behavioral intention theory and research models, focusing on the factors driving consumer adoption intention of mobile services. Based on this theoretical background a conceptual framework that combines perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, innovativeness, trust, demographic characteristics and relationship drivers in order to examine their influence on the mobile services' adoption intention has been proposed. Furthermore, the proposed framework is empirically tested using data collected from a survey in Greece. The collected data are analyzed through factor analysis, stepwise regression analysis and ANOVAs. According to the results of the study, individuals' innovativeness, their educational level, and the relationship ties between the users and the mobile services are key factors to encourage m-services' adoption. The outcomes provide interesting insights and useful hints to practitioners and researchers.
New Perspectives on Payment Systems
Authors: Ramos de Luna Iviane , Montoro-Ríos Francisco , Liébana-Cabanillas Francisco J.
Published: June 2017

The technological developments in the mobile industry during the last few years have led companies to increase the functionalities of mobile phones. According to many authors in the field, the NFC mobile payment has become one of the payment systems of the future thanks to its numerous advantages. This chapter revises the importance of this payment system within the mobile commerce strategy that many companies are adopting. The model used in the research is based on the classic variables of the technological acceptance model, together with other variables from recent studies. The results obtained in this research show the decisive impact of perceived compatibility, attitude, and subjective norms on the future intention to use this system. Finally, the authors underline the main implications for management, as well as some strategies that strengthen this new business in the context of the new technical developments.
Personal Touch
Authors: Kratky Andreas
Published: June 2017

Large format touch screens have become an important means of interaction for collaborative and shared environments. This type of display is particularly useful for public information display in museums and similar contexts. Similarly augmented reality displays have become popular in this context. Both systems have benefits and drawbacks. Personal Touch is an augmented-reality display system combining real objects with superimposed interactive graphics. With increasing display sizes and users moving in front of the display user tracking and viewing angle compensation for the interactive display become challenging. Personal Touch presents an approach combining IR optical tracking for gesture recognition and camera-based face recognition for the acquisition of viewing axis information. Combining both techniques we can create a reactive augmented-reality display establishing a personalized viewing and interaction context for users of different statue moving in front of a real object.
Facebook, Tele-Collaboration, and International Access to Technology in the Classroom
Authors: Woodman Karen , Kourtis-Kazoullis Vasilia
Published: June 2017

This chapter explores the results of a study using the well-known social networking site, Facebook, to investigate graduate education students' perceptions on the use of technologies in classrooms around the world. This study was part of a larger project exploring tele-collaboration and the use of online discussions involving graduate students in an online program based in Australia, and students in a graduate Education program at a regional university in Greece. Findings reveal many similarities between the situations and perceptions of the participants from the different countries. They also demonstrated that even when technologies were available in schools, participants identified a critical need for professional development to increase teachers' use of ICT. These findings are relevant to researchers, educators and policy development in terms of implementation of ICT and/or social networking in the language classroom.
Rendering and Video Games
Authors: Cipolla-Ficarra Francisco V. , Alma Jacqueline , Cipolla-Ficarra Miguel
Published: June 2017

We present a study of the triad rendering computer made static and/or dynamic images, video games and adult users who interact with a personal computer. Besides, there is a diachronic study of the basic components to design the virtual 3D characters which are included in the video games. The link of the evolution of the interactive games is also analyzed and especially the interactive design characteristics related to the content, navigation, structure and layout. Finally, a table is presented with those components stemming from the rendering of the scenes for the video games, which motivate their fruition by the adult users.
Examining E-Learning Programs in Turkish Higher Education System
Authors: Babaoglu Cenay , Oktem M. Kemal
Published: June 2017

This study provides a holistic examination of e-learning and its management. While the study primarily aims to evaluate e-learning efforts in Turkey, it also presents the strengths and weaknesses of e-learning in general and proposes a model for classifying e-learning studies. Furthermore, we examine e-learning programs in Turkey and assess the current status of existing programs. Considering the data generated, we examine the similarities and differences between existing programs and to show the current situation of e-learning in Turkey.
Higher Education in Developing Countries
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: June 2017

Due to globalization of economic activities and increased scope of higher education, higher education has become a priority agenda for countries around the globe. In order increase opportunities of higher education, institutions of higher education must enhance their quality and access through open and distance learning while following national and international standards. For developing countries, higher education opportunities through open and distance learning are important for economic prosperity and participation in global knowledge economy. Globalization has created numerous challenges and opportunities for higher education. These challenges are more significant for developing countries because of limited resources. At the same time, meeting these challenges is a top priority of developing world. This chapter examines numerous challenges faced by higher education in developing countries. The chapter also discusses how higher education institutions in developing world can use open and distance learning to cope up with these challenges.
Environmental Sustainability Practices for SMEs
Authors: Nulkar Gurudas
Published: June 2017

The rate and scale of environmental degradation, through economic activities, has triggered widespread awakening among businesses, governments and civil society. The world over, corporations have responded by adopting sustainability practices and reporting. However, much of these happen within the premises of the corporations. As larger organizations outsource their manufacturing and service operations to small and medium enterprises (SMEs), they effectively shift their environmental burden on their vendors. In most developing countries, poor regulations and weak enforcement of environment laws leave the SMEs on their own, to improve their environmental practices. However, their limited resources and managerial capabilities are often inadequate to undertake sustainability practices. This chapter presents the findings of a research conducted among engineering SMEs in India. It proposes a lifecycle approach towards environmental practices and discusses potential business benefits and value creation from this. The chapter gives a roadmap for green business strategies, which SMEs can implement within their organization.
Impact of the Sale of Spurious Spare Parts on Market Share of ABC Earth Moving Equipments Pvt. Ltd., India
Authors: Chhabra Susheel , Bhatti Kulbir Kaur , Ahluwalia Hardeepika Singh
Published: June 2017

In this era of intense competition, both world-wide and domestic, business firms of all sizes and varieties are concerned with the market-share figures they achieve in the marketplace to predict the volume of production and demand forecasts of spare parts. Buyers' purchase frequency varies with time when machines complete their warranty period and subsequently buyers switch towards spurious spare parts for various reasons including cheaper prices. There is a prominent share of un-organized sector (spurious markets) in meeting the demand of spare parts especially in earth moving equipment. They imitate the original parts and sell similar parts of local vendors and supply the same at much cheaper prices. To estimate the impact of spurious spare parts market of ABC Earth Moving Equipments Pvt. Ltd, primary survey of one of the whole sale market of earth moving equipment in Delhi, India selling spurious spare parts was conducted. It was found that there is significant impact in terms of losses to the company due to selling of spurious spare parts by this market.
A Deep Learning Approach for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Grading
Authors: Bevilacqua Vitoantonio , Brunetti Antonio , Trotta Gianpaolo Francesco , Carnimeo Leonarda , Marino Francescomaria , Alberotanza Vito , Scardapane Arnaldo
Published: June 2017

Introduction and objective: Computer Aided Decision (CAD) systems based on Medical Imaging could support radiologists in grading Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by means of Computed Tomography (CT) images, thus avoiding medical invasive procedures such as biopsies. The identification and characterization of Regions of Interest (ROIs) containing lesions is an important phase allowing an easier classification in two classes of HCCs. Two steps are needed for the detection of lesioned ROIs: a liver isolation in each CT slice and a lesion segmentation. Materials and methods: Materials consist in abdominal CT hepatic lesion from 18 patients subjected to liver transplant, partial hepatectomy, or US-guided needle biopsy. Several approaches are implemented to segment the region of liver and, then, detect the lesion ROI. Results: A Deep Learning approach using Convolutional Neural Network is followed for HCC grading. The obtained good results confirm the robustness of the segmentation algorithms leading to a more accurate classification.
The Role and Implementation of New Technologies in the ELT (English Language Teaching)
Authors: Srebnaja Jekaterina
Published: June 2017

Emerging technologies have become a part of daily life of each student. To keep up with time, education has to evolve and customize providing the learner with a more meaningful learning environment. More and more teachers are introducing Learning Technologies (LT) for training purposes since they can serve as powerful tools for efficient student participatory learning. The technology-aided learning environment enhances learning outcomes in language acquisition and stimulates the implementation of quality learning. The aim of this research is to emphasize the importance of applications of learning technologies in the language classroom and to present an overview of the practical tools available for technology-mediated language learning, their effective ICT implementation and use. The study analyzes the strategies and techniques for the ICT integration by means of introducing the Computer Language Lab (CLL) in the Secondary School Setting. It describes personal experience and best practice in the use of learning technologies with secondary school students.
Internationally Educated Mathematics Teacher Candidates
Authors: Martinovic Dragana
Published: June 2017

This paper addresses the issues noted among diverse student teacher population at one Canadian university. In her previous research, the author found three main concerns expressed by the internationally educated teacher candidates, namely the communication concern (e.g., use of grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, accent, etc.), concern for power and authority in the classroom, and the socio-cultural acceptance concern. This study builds on the previous results and addresses the experiences of mathematics IETCs, in an attempt to find how the concerns theory plays out when the IETCs use language to navigate practice teaching in Canadian schools, what kind of discourse of power they see in the cross-cultural encounters, and how they use mathematics discourse to counteract the broader social discourses.
Instrução e escravidão na capitania de Sergipe Del Rey na segunda metade do século XVIII
Authors: Santos Vera Maria dos , Amorim Simone Silveira , Nascimento Ester Fraga Vilas-Boas Carvalho do
Published: June 2017

O presente texto tem como objetivos discutir a relação instrução e escravidão na Capitania de Sergipe Del Rey, bem como investigar sobre a testamenteira Anna Paes Telles (1771), de modo a evidenciar o seu perfil na sociedade setecentista. Compondo o quadro das fontes, para entender a ordem legal que regeu a sociedade colonial, consultamos as Ordenações Filipinas (1870), as Constituições Primeiras do Arcebispado da Bahia (2010). Por meio dessas fontes documentais, foi possível percorrer o século XVIII e olhá-lo sob as diferentes lentes. Os autores que embasam a referida análise são Costa (1999), Freyre (1986), Faria (1998), as Ordenações Filipinas (1870), Silva (2008), entre outros.
Meanings attributed by family members to the act of caring for elderly people with stroke sequels
Authors: Reis Rogério Donizeti , Pereira Elaine Cristina , Silva José Vitor Da
Published: June 2017

The objective of this study was to identify meanings that family members attribute to the act of caring for elderly individuals with stroke sequels. The participants were family members that were taking care of a senior with stroke sequels, both male and female. The sample was composed of 15 family members. The instruments used for data collection were: a questionnaire referring to the participants’ personal and family profile, in addition to a semi-structured interview script. For extraction of main ideas, Bardin’s content analysis was used. The categories that emerged from the ‘Meaning of caring’ theme were: ‘A lot of love and support’, ‘Hard because of the person’s dependence’, ‘Caring is not hard’, ‘Responsibility’ and ‘Role change’. The conclusion is that caring for an elderly person with stroke sequels involves a variety of aspects and situations.
Os Sete Gatinhos de Nelson Rodrigues: suas representações e inter-relações
Authors: Yaegashi Solange Franci Raimundo , Coutinho Karen De Azevedo
Published: June 2017

A partir da leitura da obra Os sete gatinhos, de Nelson Rodrigues, analisam-se as inter-relações das representações sociais da família Noronha com o respaldo da Teoria das Representações Sociais, proposta por Serge Moscovici, Denise Jodelet e Sandra Jovchelovitch. Para tanto, discutem-se as interações entre os personagens da peça, principalmente a relação de poder que ‘Seu’ Noronha exerce sobre as mulheres da família, esposa e cinco filhas. Verifica-se que a família Noronha faz uso das representações sociais como um conjunto de conceitos, afirmações e explicações que se originam nas relações cotidianas: o pai coordena os comportamentos e as relações de toda a família em uma visão de mundo baseada na superstição religiosa, e é por meio dessa religiosidade que a família interpreta a realidade. Chega-se à conclusão de que a teoria das representações sociais possibilita a compreensão de como se formam e como funcionam os sistemas de referência utilizados para categorizar pessoas e grupos, além de interpretar os acontecimentos da realidade cotidiana. Observa-se que essa obra de Rodrigues faz uma crítica social aos costumes e valores sociais de sua época, a década de 1950.
Effect of Mechanical Stirring and Air Pressure on the Fluidity of SiCp/A357 Composites
Authors: Zhang Zhen Lin , Zhang Zhi Feng , Xu Jun , Zhang Hao , Mao Wei Min
Published: June 2017

Stir casting is a near net shape process that can cast the composite components directly. Fluidity is an important factor for mold filling in casting process, but the fluidity of composite slurry is poor due to the addition of SiCp. In this research, SiCp/A357 composites with 20wt.% SiCp were manufactured by mechanical stir casting. Effect of mechanical stirring and air pressure on the fluidity of SiCp/A357 composites were investigated with eight thin flow channels. The fluidity was compared at different rotating speed and air pressure. The results showed that the fluidity increased with rotating speed, which was more obvious in semi-solid interval. It was noticed that the fluidity decreased with air pressure, the gas involving and the cooling speed were aggravated with air pressure increasing, which reduced the fluidity.
Microstructure Characterization of Inertial Friction Welding Zone for Nickel-Based Superalloy FGH96
Authors: Wang Xiao Feng , Zou Jin Wen , Davies Catrin M. , Yang Jie , Tian Gao Feng , Ji Chuan Bo , Feng Ye Fei
Published: June 2017

The inertial friction welding of similar PM FGH96 superalloy was investigated. The inertial friction welding introduced steep thermal gradients of welding zone for PM FGH96 superalloy, the whole welding process only needed several seconds, therefore, it’s a fast heating and cooling completely recrystallization process. Dramatic changes in the microstructure were observed over a narrow weld zone, which across the weld interface was measured to be about 1.0-1.2mm. Significant changes in the secondary and tertiary γ′ distribution can be observed over the first 2mm from welding line, while very fine tertiary γ′ particles precipitated in a unimodal size distribution and in a high density at welding line. The fine secondary re-precipitated γ′ under fast cooling was spherical in shape, which gradually transformed into elliptical, cube with the distance from welding line. No significant texture or grain distortion was observed in the extensively plastically deformed region due to recrystallization.
Microstructure Evolution of Hot-Extruded Cu-15Ni-8Sn Alloy with Different Extrusion Ratios
Authors: Zhao Chao , Wang Xun , Yu Yan Gen , Luo Zong Qiang , Zhang Wei Wen
Published: June 2017

Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy is a spinodal hardened alloy which possesses excellent combination of strength, elastic modulus, corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Much concern focuses on the microstructures and properties of this wrought alloys after heat treatment, however, the microstructure feature of the alloy during hot plastic deformation processing is rarely declared. The microstructure evolution of the hot-extruded Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy with different extrusion ratio were investigated by optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope, electron backscattered diffraction. The results showed that dynamic recrystallization occured during hot extrusion at extrusion ratio ranging from 6 to 17. With the increase of extrusion ratio, the fraction of recrystallized grain increased. However, the amount of discontinuous γ precipitates reduced. The cellular structure was observed to grow not only on grain boundaries but also in the coarsening annealing grains when the extrusion ratio was below 13. When extrusion ratio was 17, the discontinuous γ precipitates and the residual annealing grains were suppressed and some recrystallized grains grew up.
Finite Element Simulation of Chain-Die Forming U Profiles with Variable Cross-Section
Authors: Li Y.G. , Sun Y. , Huang H.L. , Li D.Y. , Ding S.C.
Published: June 2017

Roll forming has been widely used to manufacture constant cross-section products because of high quality, efficiency and low cost. It is quite epidemic in producing automobile parts made of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) nowadays. However, with the development of the vehicle industry and diversity of the products, variable cross-section profiles have attracted more and more attention. The traditional roll forming technique is difficult to meet the requirements. Chain-die forming which was introduced in recent years makes it possible. Chain-die forming is an extension of roll forming and its key characteristic is enlarging the rotation radii of the moulds, by which the deformation zone is extended. The study focused on the finite element simulations of Chain-die forming U profiles with variable cross-section, including variable width and height. The feasibility of Chain-die forming producing variable cross-section products was verified by the perfect simulation results. The advantage of Chain-die forming was that there was no need to design the intermediate moulds except the finished-profile ones, which reduced the mould quantity immensely. Then the cost was lower.
Preparation and Fundamental Research of Continuous Through-Porous Pure Aluminum Flat Pipes by Depoling Continuous Casting
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Xue Feng , Kong Shan Shan , Fan Jia Jie , Zhang Zhen Di
Published: June 2017

Continuous through-porous pure aluminum flat pipes were prepared continuously by a self-developed depoling continuous casting technology. An online measurement and control of mold temperature at free end of graphite core rods was realized, which was critical for the preparation. The quality of flat pipes was characterized. The results show that the flat pipes could be successfully prepared with the following process parameters: melt with temperature of 750 °C, cooling water with temperature of 20 °C and flow volume of 400 L·h-1, heat insulating mattress with thickness of 2 mm, mold temperature ranged from 635°C to 655°C and continuous casting speed ranged from 1 mm∙min-1 to 4 mm∙min-1. The flat pipe had cross-section dimensions of 14 mm×5 mm, which was aligned unidirectional pore diameter of 3 mm, pore number of 3 and smooth internal and external surface. The pore surfaces of flat pipes became smoother with the reduction of the graphite core rod surface roughness. When the surface roughness of graphite core rods was 0.531 μm and 0.124 μm, the corresponding surface roughness of pores was 0.581 μm and 0.184 μm, respectively. The mold temperature at the free end of graphite core rods was kept at a low thermal temperature range which was 5~25 °C lower than the solidification point of pure aluminum that is necessary for stable depoling continuous casting.
Effect of Nd Content and Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Zn-Nd Alloy
Authors: Xu Shu Min , Teng Xin Ying , Ge Xing Jing , Zhang Jin Yang
Published: June 2017

In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-cast and heat treatment of Mg-Zn-Nd alloy was investigated. The alloy was manufactured by a conventional casting method, and then subjected to a heat treatment. The results showed that the microstructure of as-cast alloy was comprised of α-Mg matrix and Mg12Nd phase. With increase of Nd content, the grain size gradually decreased from 25.38 μm to 9.82 μm. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation at room temperature of the Mg94Zn2Nd4 alloy can be reached to 219.63 MPa and 5.31%. After heat treatment, part of the second phase dissolved into the magnesium matrix and the grain size became a little larger than that of the as-cast. The ultimate tensile strength was declined by about 2.5%, and the elongation was increased to 5.47%.
Effect of Residual Stress and Microstructures on 316 Stainless Steel Treated by LSP
Authors: Li Yu Qin , Wang X.D. , Song F.L. , Jao Y. , Luo S.H.
Published: June 2017

In order to improve the stress corrosion resistance of 316 stainless steel, a new technology was proposed and studied. The 316 stainless steel sample was treated by laser shock processing (LSP). The residual stress and microstructures of 316 stainless steel with and without LSP were measured and compared by the methods of X-ray, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Electron Back-ScatteredDiffraction (EBSD), and the strengthening mechanism was discussed. It showed that the high residual compressive stress introduced by laser shock processing was about-112 MPa. The TEM and EBSD results showed that severe plastic deformation and nanocrystals layer were formed by LSP, and the orientation of the grains had evident rotation in the process of plastic deformation. These helped to enhance the stress corrosion resistance of 316 stainless steel.
An Effective Method to Fabricate 5083 Aluminum Alloy with Excellent Corrosion Resistance
Authors: Wang Peng Fei , Liu Chen Bin , Jie Jin Chuan , Li Ting Ju
Published: June 2017

The 5083 aluminum alloy was prepared and subjected to cryogenic rolling (CR) after heat treatment. The samples were reduced from 15mm to 1.5 mm in the thickness direction and the amount of deformation was 90%. For comparison, samples with the same deformation amount were obtained by room temperature rolling (RTR). The corrosion behavior of CR and RTR samples was measured by electrochemical test, and their microstructures before and after corrosion had been studied through electron scanning microscopy (SEM) and optical microscope (OM). The influence of cryogenic rolling on the corrosion behavior of 5083 aluminum alloys was explored. The experiment results suggested that anti-corrosion ability of 5083 aluminum alloys could be enhanced through cryogenic rolling. The corrosion potential elevated and the corrosion current density reduced according to the electrochemical test. The primary reasons and corresponding mechanism were also discussed.