bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time-plans of the organisms: Jakob von Uexküll’s explorations into the temporal constitution of living beings
Authors: Magnus Riin
Published: July 2016

The term “time-plan” is introduced in the article to sum up the diversity of temporal processes described by Jakob von Uexküll (1864–1944) in the framework of the general Planmässigkeit of nature. Although Uexküll hardly had any connections with his contemporary philosophies of time, the theme of the subjective times and timing of the organisms forms an essential part of his umwelt theory. As an alternative to the dominance of evolutionary time in biological discussions, Uexküll took perceptual and developmental times of organisms as his natural scientific priorities. While discussing the characteristics of the latter, Uexküll departs from an epigenetic position. Discussion about perceptual time entails detecting the primary units of time (moments) as well as how the succession of moments results in the perception of movement. The last part of the article will explicate the significance of the “time plan” concept for biophilosophical discussions. It is suggested that the bioethical question rising from Uexküll’s works may take the following form: do other biological subjects besides humans have a right to their own timing?
Semiotic study of landscapes: An overview from semiology to ecosemiotics
Authors: Lindström Kati , Kull Kalevi , Palang Hannes
Published: July 2016

The article provides an overview of different approaches to the semiotic study of landscapes both in the field of semiotics proper and in landscape studies in general. The article describes different approaches to the semiotic processes in landscapes from the semiological tradition where landscape has been seen as analogous to a text with its language, to more naturalized and phenomenological approaches, as well as ecosemiotic view of landscapes that goes beyond anthropocentric definitions. Special attention is paid to the potential of cultural semiotics of Tartu–Moscow school for the analysis of landscapes and the possibilities held by a dynamic, dialogic and holistic landscape definition for the development of ecosemiotics.
Transdisciplinarity in objects: Spatial signification from graffiti to hegemony
Authors: Randviir Anti
Published: July 2016

Contemporary sociosemiotics is a way to transcend borderlines between trends inside semiotics, and also other disciplines. Whereas semiotics has been considered as an interdisciplinary field of research par excellence, sociosemiotics can point directions at transdisciplinary research. The present article will try to conjoin the structural and the processual views on culture and society, binding them together with the notion of signification. The signification of space will illustrate the dynamic between both cultures and metacultures, and cultural mainstreams and subcultures. This paper pays attention to the practice of sociocultural semiotisation of space and territorialisation by diverse examples and different sociocultural levels that imply semiotic cooperation between several members of groups that can be characterised as socii. We analyse territorialisation by graffiti, by furnishing spatial environment through artistic manners, by shaping the semiotic essence of cities through naming, renaming and translating street names, by pinning and structuring territories with monuments, by landmarking and mapping cultural space through individualisation of cities. We will see how principles of semiotisation of space are valid on different levels (individual and social, formal and informal, democratic and hegemonic, cultural and subcultural) and how these principles form a transdisciplinary object of study as ‘semiotisation of space’, and how space can be regarded as a genuinely transdisciplinary research object. Individual, culture, and society are connected in such an object both as constituents and as a background of study.
On relationships between the logic of law, legal positivism and semiotics of law
Authors: Verenich Vadim
Published: July 2016

The issue of reciprocal relationships between the logic of law, positivistic theory of the logic of law, and legal semiotics is among the most important questions of the modern theoretical jurisprudence. This paper has not attempted to provide any comprehensive account of the modern jurisprudence (and legal logic). Instead, the emphasis has been laid on those aspects of positivist legal theories, logical studies of law and legal semiotics that allow tracing the common points or the differences between these paradigms of legal research. One of the theses of the present work is that, at the comparative methodological level, the limits of legal semiotics and its object of inquiry could only be defined in relation to legal posi tivism and logical studies of law. This paper also argues for a proper position for legal semiotics in between legal positivism and legal logic. The differences between legal positivism, legal logic and legal semiotics are best captured in the issue of referent.
Urban discourse – city space, city language, city planning: Eco-semiotic approaches to the discourse analysis of urban renewal
Authors: Hess-Lüttich Ernest W. B.
Published: July 2016

Sustainable Urban Planning has to be understood as a communicative process connecting city architecture, technology, city district management and social infrastructure of neighbourhoods. The focus on sustainability raises the question of the necessary discourse conditions that allow architects and city planners enter into a dialogue with other urban stakeholders, citizens, local administrators and politicians, and discuss which cultural heritage should be preserved and where sustainability takes precedence. Looking at the style of discourse in urban communication brings also its socio-cultural modalities into focus. At the intersection of communication and discourse studies, urban ecology and sociology, the article focuses on the growing interest in architectural communication and, taking current approaches as a starting point, seeks to clarify which conversational maxims and discourse requirements by mediation, moderation, and integration are promising for achieving a new urban quality.
Against the Frame
Authors: Kalaga Wojciech
Published: July 2016

The paper explores theoretical foundations of the frame from two semiotic perspectives: that of the Saussurean dyadic sign dominant in the European tradition and that of the triadic sign of the Peircean/American descent. If – within the post- Saussurean agenda – meaning can be fairly easily “framed” and closed in the field of the signified, Peirce’s concepts of interpretant and infinite semiosis implement a mechanism which inherently obliterates the frame. Given this duality of approaches, the contention “No meaning without a frame” is thus true and paradoxical at the same time, and that paradox goes far beyond the Derridean concept of the parergon, which only belongs to both the inside and the outside. The frame, as construed in this paper, is not merely a material or imaginary, inactive partition, but is itself an operational agent which isolates and delineates a text ontologically as the other of the context, and simultaneously subverts that otherness by necessitating further semiosis and its own partial self-erasure. Regarding the interrelations amongst texts and between text and context, the frame is thus envisaged, and investigated in the paper, not so much as a factor of resistance or separation, but as an osmotic boundary facilitating rather than preventing a bi-directional flow of meanings. Putting this in epistemological terms, one may say that interpretation – paradoxically again – requires an enframing of its object, but at the same time it dissolves the stipulated frame and reaches beyond it.
A wind effect of neutron component of cosmic rays at Antarctic station Mirny
Authors: Кобелев Павел , Kobelev Pavel , Абунин Артем , Abunin Artem , Абунина Мария , Abunina Mariya , Преображенский Максим , Preobrajenskiy Maksim , Смирнов Дмитрий , Smirnov Dmitriy , Луковникова Анна , Lukovnikova Anna
Published: July 2016

The barometric effect of cosmic ray neutron component was estimated on the example of the Antarctic station Mirny. We used hourly data from continuous monitoring of neutron component and data from a local weather station for 2007–2014. Wind speed at the station Mirny reaches 20–40 m/s in winter that corresponds to the dynamic pressure 5–6 mbar and leads to a 5 % error in variations of neutron component because of dynamic effects in the atmosphere. The results can be applied to detectors located in high-latitude and high-mountain regions where the wind speed can be significant.
Topical Issues of Legal Status of Election Commissions
Authors: Турищева Наталья , Turishcheva Natalya
Published: July 2016

The author analyzes changes to Federal electoral laws that set the procedure for the formation, legal status, competence and the correlation of the basic elements of the system of electoral commissions operating in the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of the regional legislation, the author considers the diversity of legal approaches in the design of the system of election commissions of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The author analyzes the problematic issues of mutual confer of powers of election commissions, the proposed optimal solutions taking into account the obligatory use of automation means sets of the State automated system of the Russian Federation “Vybory”. The author focuses attention on the need to ensure equal representation of parties in election commissions.
State Organizations as Subjects of Corporate Relations: on the Possibility of Participation in Corporate Relations of Unitary Legal Entities
Authors: Гутников Олег , Gutnikov Olyeg
Published: July 2016

The article raises the question on possible participation of the State and legal persons established by it (public enterprises and institutions) in corporate relations. The article criticizes the approach, dominant both in the doctrine and in the legislation, that corporate relations appear only in corporate organizations. This view is based on an incorrect identification of corporate relations with the relations of participation (membership), while the participation (membership) is not a sign of corporate relations, but happens in many civil and other relations with a variety of persons. The conclusion is that it is necessary to recognize corporate relationship, related to management of any legal entity. The author proves that the right to manage a legal entity has the same nature for both corporate organizations and for unitary state organizations.
Agreement of Housing Construction Investment and Agreement of Participation in Shared Construction: the Relationship Between the Concepts
Authors: Журавлева Анна , Zhuravleva Anna
Published: July 2016

The article analyzes the legal nature of specific types of investment agreements in the construction sphere. The article contains the conclusion that all agreements of housing construction investment can be divided into two large groups: agreements of participation in shared construction, regulated by Federal Law dated December 30, 2004, No. 214-FZ “On Participation in Shared Construction of apartment houses and other real estate objects and about modification of some legal acts of the Russian Federation” and other investment agreements, which do not come within the purview of the above mentioned law. Participants of the latter group of agreements are under the protection of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Protection of Consumers´ Rights”, general provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on agreement, fulfillment of obligations and invalidity of legal transactions, provisions of the Special Part of the RF CC on the futures contracts, construction project contracts and others, and also framework regulation of the Federal Law “On Investment Activity in the Russian Federation in the form of capital investments”. The author provides analysis of similarities and differences of the indicated agreements.
Genocide as International Crime: Corpus Delicti Analysis
Authors: Русанов Георгий , Rusanov Gyeorgiy
Published: July 2016

This paper is devoted to the issues of international criminal responsibility for the crime of genocide. The author explores the corpus delicti of it and draws attention to the problem of bringing the guilty persons to international responsibility. The author examines in detail individual acts constituting the corpus delicti: the murder of members of any national, ethnic, racial or religious group, causing serious bodily or mental harm to the members of such group, deliberate creation of such living conditions which are meant for total or partial physical destruction of the group; imposing measures intended to prevent childbirth within the group; forcible transfer of children from one human group to another. Special attention is paid to the problem of describing the individual elements of an act. The author supports all theoretical conclusions by examples from the practice of the International Criminal Court.
Judicial Discretion: Theory and Practice of Regional Applications
Authors: Лопатина Татьяна , Lopatina Tatyana
Published: July 2016

The article presents the author´s point of view on the problematic issues of judicial discretion within the framework of implementation of the principle of justice with regard to law enforcement practice of courts of General jurisdiction. The goal of the study is the actualization of theoretical provisions and making recommendations for improving the effectiveness of fair practice purposes of criminal punishment. The author considers judicial discretion from the standpoint of the relativity of freedom of choice in judicial decision making, which is conditional and limited, as it is done within the suggested limits of the criminal statute, or is done within the limits, directly or indirectly determined by the science of criminal law, or jurisprudence, but at the same time all variants are equally legitimate and justified. The article provides the results of a regional study of the practice of criminal sentencing with the use of systemic-structural, concrete sociological, statistical methods of scientific cognition, and comparative analysis, analysis of legislation and judicial practice.
THE ACTIVITY OF SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES ON STRENGTHENING OF THE INSTITUTE OF FAMILY IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Исмаилова Гулноза , Ismailova Gulnoza
Published: July 2016

The article analyzes the role of the family in society and public life, giving her attention as an institution, influence the state of development of resistance in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The policy of a family as a key factor of ensuring economic and social development of society is researched. It raised the issue of marriageable age. The statistics of marriages and stains is analysed. The experience of Uzbekistan on prevention of early marriages is studied. Also examines the role of citizens’ self-government bodies (mahalla) in strengthening family ties. The article describes the main priorities of the state programs in the sphere of strengthening the family. The role and influence of waving on improving family relations is opened. It is studied the way the regulatory system of citizens’ self-government bodies. Questions of marriage contracts are also considered.
ITALIAN COMMERCIAL LITIGATION: AN OUTLINE
Authors: Де Мео Мишеле , De Meo Mishele
Published: July 2016

The article contains the outline of the commercial litigation implemented in Italy taking into account the relevant amendments and changes adopted with the aim of rendering a “faster” justice. The author describes the Italian judicial system which involves courts of first instance (Giudice di Pace/Tribunale), the Court of Appeal (Corte d’Appello), and the Supreme Court or the Court of Cassation (Corte di Cassazione), indicating the statutorily prescribed criteria for referring a specific category of cases to the jurisdiction of each of those. The author dwells on the stages of civil proceedings, which include: pre-trial hearings, civil proceedings and judgment, appeal and cassation stages, as well as enforcement of judgments and orders. The special attention is paid for the procedure of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgment and arbitration awards used in Italy. The author notes the tendency for a gradual replacement of the most of the old bilateral treaties in Europe by the European Regulations, at least in civil and commercial matters.
FORCE MAJEURE IN PAST ARBITRATION COURT RULINGS IN THE CIS COUNTRIES: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RULES OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION AND PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW BY THE CIS ECONOMIC COURT (PART 1)
Authors: Нагорная Эвелина , Nagornaya Evelina , Зацепина Татьяна , Zatsepina Tatyana
Published: July 2016

The need for proper legal study of issues relating to the circumstances that exempt the participants of civil-law relations from liability, is caused, on the one hand, by the development of business activity and the increase in the number of civil transactions concluded both within the national and foreign economic context; and, on the other hand — by the social and political events that take place on the territory of some Commonwealth states and the rise of controversial legal issues during the consideration by the courts of economic activity, in relation to classification of certain circumstances as force majeure, because so far no clear criteria for the application of this concept have been worked out in practice. The study of the problems on this issue is based on the information from the CIS Economic Court about the practice of establishing force majeure circumstances during commercial litigation by the courts of the Commonwealth state members. In order to determine the adequacy of legal regulation by the Court of the studied aspects, the author has conducted, in the first place, a comparative analysis of legal enactments of participant-states, that envisage the exemption from liability as a result of force majeure, and also has studied rules of private international law governing the establishment of force majeure. The synthesis of these materials has revealed certain approaches to the interpretation of concepts and features of force majeure in the legislation of the CIS countries and the private international law. The first part of the article is dedicated to the discussion of these issues.
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO THE THEORIES OF RECOGNITION OF NEW STATES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Хасанов Анвар , Khasanov Anvar
Published: July 2016

The article examines the problem of recognition of new states in international law. The author considers the concept, sources, theories, criteria of the institution of recognition of new states. The author analyzes various theories of the Institute of recognition of states, taking into account the provisions of the international law doctrine and practice. The author notes that at the present stage of development of the institute of recognition we should be guided by the mixed theory of recognition as the most corresponding to international law, and by States’ practice. The author discloses criteria for the recognition of States enshrined in international legal acts. At the same time, the author singles out the criterion of the legality of new states’ emergence. The conclusion is that the creation of a new State as a subject of international law is legitimate, if its appearance corresponds to the fundamental principles of international law. The appearance of a new state must not violate the mandatory principles of international law jus cogens, otherwise, a territorial formation can not claim to be internationally recognized and must be considered from the point of view of international law as illegally created.
THE ORGANIZATION OF SEARCH ACTIVITY OF LAW-ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES (FOREIGN EXPERIENCE)
Authors: Гордеев Сергей , Gordeev Sergey
Published: July 2016

Search activity as an independent field of work plays a significant role in the fight against crime. Nowadays active counteraction to crime investigation becomes almost an everyday occurrence. And concealing a person from investigative authorities and trial is one of its most wide spread methods, that contributes to the violation of the principle of unavoidability of punishment, appearance of latent crimes and recidivism, formation of an opinion on worthlessness of law enforcement authorities among certain persons, generating their sense of anxiety, impunity and all permissiveness, thus impeding the formation of a healthy moral-psychological climate in the society. And the condition of being a missing person should signify accidents, suicide or criminal circumstances. Further improvement of the search activity presupposes comparative law analysis and study of the foreign experience of its organization and tactics. The article researches legislative regulation of the search activity of law enforcement authorities in the CIS and Baltic states, analyzes peculiarities of organizing this area of fight against crime in such global community countries, as Austria, Great Britain, Germany, India, PRC, the Saudi Arabia, France, and Japan.
CONFLICT OF CRIMINAL LAWS: ANALYTICAL ASPECT
Authors: Цай Кирилл , Tsay Kirill
Published: July 2016

The article considers the institute of operation of a criminal statute in space and by personal scope of application through the prism of conflict regulation. Social relations, established due to the operation of the criminal statute in space and by personal scope of application, as well as the moment of collision between criminal law jurisdictions of different states are the object of the research. The subject matter of the research is: criminal codes of Russia and foreign states, international agreements of a jurisdictional nature. The author pays special attention to jurisdictional rules of the domestic law. In this paper the author uses the following research methods: dialectic, inductive, deductive, and other general scientific and specific scientific methods and ways of scientific knowledge. Special role is assigned to comparative law analysis. The author puts together a doctrine, based on the fundamental principles of the conflicts of laws for the purpose of creating a regulation system for criminal law jurisdictional conflicts. The article covers fundamental principles of the proposed doctrine, considers the structure of the conflicts of law rules and analyzes the current state of legislative regulation of criminal law jurisdiction. The author carries out a detailed comparative analysis of criminal laws in order to determine the most wide spread variants of regulation of criminal law jurisdiction, and proposes recommendations for legislative recognition of the territorial scope of validity of a criminal statute.
Attribution Strategies and Return on Keyword Investment in Paid Search Advertising
Authors: Li Hongshuang (Alice) , Kannan P. K. , Viswanathan Siva , Pani Abhishek
Published: July 2016

Firms use different attribution strategies such as last-click or first-click attribution to assign conversion credits to search keywords that appear in their consumers’ paths to purchase. These attributed credits impact a firm’s future bidding and budget allocations among keywords and, in turn, determine the overall return-on-investment of search campaigns. In this paper, we model the relationship among the advertiser’s bidding decision for keywords, the search engine’s ranking decision for these keywords, and the consumer’s click-through rate and conversion rate on each keyword, and analyze the impact of the attribution strategy on the overall return-on-investment of paid search advertising.

We estimate our simultaneous equations model using a six-month panel data of several hundred keywords from an online jewelry retailer. The data comprises a quasi-experiment as the firm changed attribution strategy from last-click to first-click attribution halfway through the data window. Our results show that returns for keyword investments vary significantly under the different attribution strategies. For the focal firm, first-click attribution leads to lower revenue returns and a more pronounced decrease for more specific keywords. Our policy simulation exercise shows how the firm can increase its overall returns by better attributing the real contribution of keywords. We discuss how an appropriate attribution strategy can help firms to better target customers and lower acquisition costs in the context of paid search advertising.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0987 .
The Strategic Role of Business Insurance
Authors: Serpa Juan Camilo , Krishnan Harish
Published: July 2016

The use of business insurance has been traditionally studied in a single-firm setting, but in reality preventing operational accidents involves the (unobservable) efforts of multiple firms. We show that, in a multifirm setting, insurance can be used strategically as a commitment mechanism to prevent excessive free riding by other firms. In the presence of wealth imbalances, contracts alone leave wealth-constrained firms with inefficiently low incentives to exert effort (because of limited liability) and firms with sufficient wealth with excessive incentives. Insurance allows the latter to credibly commit to lower effort, thereby mitigating the incentives of the wealth-constrained firms to free ride. This finding shows that insurance can improve the efficiency of risk management efforts by decreasing free-riding problems.

This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
An Exact Approach for a Variant of the Pollution-Routing Problem
Authors: Dabia Said , Demir Emrah , Woensel Tom Van
Published: July 2016

The pollution-routing problem (PRP) is a recently introduced green vehicle routing problem in the field of green logistics. It concerns routing a number of vehicles to serve a set of geographically dispersed customers within their time windows, jointly with determining their speed on each arc so as to minimize fuel and driving costs. Because of its complexity, all known solution methods are based on (meta-)heuristics. This paper presents an exact solution based on a branch-and-price algorithm for a variant of the PRP. The master problem is a set-partitioning problem, and the pricing problem is a speed- and start-time elementary shortest path problem with resource constraints, in which the speed and start time at the depot needs to be decided on for each individual route. The master problem is solved by means of column generation, and a tailored labeling algorithm is used to solve the pricing problem. New dominance criteria are developed to discard unpromising labels by exploiting the structure of the ready time and the fuel consumption functions. Extensive computational experiments show the value of the proposed algorithm.
O estresse do professor acentuado pela precariedade das condições acústicas das salas de aula
Authors: Oiticica Maria Lúcia Gondim da Rosa , Gomes Maria De Lourdes Barreto
Published: July 2016

Estudos recentes orientam para os cuidados que se deve ter com o estresse a curtos e longos prazos. O estresse em longo prazo pode provocar reações crônicas no indivíduo. O desgaste, o esgotamento, a ruptura total dos limites, referem-se a reações do estresse crônico queexigem a necessidade urgente da intervenção terapêutica de profissional de saúde. Em pesquisa nos USA, o professor está entre os profissionais que apresentam alto índice das reações do estresse crônico. O presente trabalho avaliou dois estabelecimentos de ensino distintos: público e privado, na cidade de Maceió; com o objetivo de registrar o nível de pressão sonora - db(A), ao qual os professores são obrigados a conviver no desenrolar de suas atividades de ensino. Verificou-se assim que, seja qual for o contexto em que os estabelecimentos de ensino estejam inseridos: públicos ou privados, o professor participa das precárias condições acústicas das salas de aula, agravadas pela intensa convivência com o ruído externo, o qual é considerado um grande causador de desconforto e estresse para os professores.
Inovação na produção de polpa a partir de fibras curtas de eucalipto
Authors: Brochado Marina Rodriguez , Mofati Luciana Marelli , Choeypant Cláudia Augusta , Pereira Marcelo Cardoso , Nolte Christian
Published: July 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo estudar as inovações introduzidas no setor de produção de polpa de celulose a partir de fibras curtas, contextualizando o setor no Brasil e no mundo. A metodologia utilizada abrange uma revisão bibliográfica e estudo de caso, mostrando que a conjunção de políticas governamentais, investimentos e postura empresarial adequada tornaram possível potencializar a demanda internacional em um setor dominado por fibras longas.
Задача Коши для уравнения параболического типа с оператором Бесселя и частной производной Римана-Лиувилля
Authors: Хуштова Фатима Гидовна , Khushtova Fatima Gidovna
Published: July 2016

В работе исследуется задача Коши для дифференциального уравнения параболического типа с оператором Бесселя и частной производной Римана—Лиувилля. Представление решения получено в терминах интегрального преобразования с функцией Райта в ядре. Показано, что когда рассматриваемое уравнение обращается в уравнение диффузии дробного порядка, полученное решение переходит в решение задачи Коши для соответствующего уравнения. Единственность решения доказывается в классе функций, удовлетворяющих аналогу условия Тихонова.
Внутреннекраевая задача с операторами Римана-Лиувилля для уравнения смешанного типа третьего порядка
Authors: Репин Олег Александрович , Repin Oleg Aleksandrovich , Кумыкова Светлана Каншубиевна , Kumykova Svetlana Kanshubievna
Published: July 2016

Исследован вопрос однозначной разрешимости внутреннекраевой задачи с операторами Римана-Лиувилля в краевом условии для уравнения смешанного типа третьего порядка. При ограничениях неравенственного типа на известные функции и различных порядках операторов дробного интегро-дифференцирования доказана теорема единственности. Существование решения задачи установлено путем редукции к уравнениям Фредгольма второго рода, безусловная разрешимость которых следует из единственности решения задачи.
Second language learners’ divergence from target language pragmatic norms
Authors: Gomez-Laich Maria Pia
Published: July 2016

Pragmatic competence is an indispensable aspect of language ability in order for second and foreign language (L2/FL) learners to understand and be understood in their interactions with both native and nonnative speakers of the target language. Without a proper understanding of the pragmatic rules in the target language, learners may run the risk of coming across as insensitive and rude. Several researchers (Bardovi-Harlig, 2001; Kasper & Rose, 2002) suggest that L2 pragmatics not only can be taught in the L2/FL classroom, but, more importantly, that explicit approaches that involve direct explanation of target pragmatic features are beneficial for learning pragmatics. Just as native speakers of a language acquire a “set of dispositions to act in certain ways, which generates cognitive and bodily practices in the individual” (Watts, 2003, p. 149), instructors can help learners to become aware of the pragmatic features that characterize the target language. Although the importance of explicit teaching of pragmatics is well recognized in the literature, learning norms and rules of pragmatics largely depends on learners’ subjectivity. Learners’ convergence or divergence from the L2 pragmatic norms, both consciously and out of awareness, sometimes depends on whether these norms fit their image of self and their L1 cultural identity. Since identity-related conflict can have significant consequences for the acquisition of second language pragmatics, failing to consider the centrality of learners’ identities will produce an inadequate understanding of SLA. This paper synthesizes studies that document the reasons why learners opt to remain foreign by resisting certain L2 practic-es. The following synthesis question was proposed: Why do language learners resist the pragmatic norms of the target language?
Prädiktive Prozessüberwachung auf Basis verteilt erfasster Sensordaten
Authors: Wiegand Mario , Stolpe Marco , Deuse Jochen , Morik Katharina
Published: July 2016

In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept zur prädiktiven Prozessüberwachung in Fließlinien vorgestellt, das durch die Auswertung
verteilt erfasster Sensordaten mithilfe maschineller Lernverfahren die Prognose der finalen Produktqualität im laufenden
Produktionsprozess erlaubt. Hierzu wird eine systematische Vorgehensweise zur Datenvorverarbeitung und -analyse
vorgeschlagen, die eine echtzeitfähige Verarbeitung der verteilt erfassten Daten ermöglicht.
Big Data in manufacturing systems engineering – close up on a machine tool
Authors: Bauer Christian , Siddiqui Zaigham-Faraz , Beuttler Manuel , Bauer Klaus
Published: July 2016

With the increasing connectivity of devices, the amount of data that is recorded and ready for analysis is growing
correspondingly. This is also the case for shop floors in flexible sheet metal handling and production. With the growing
need for flexibility in production, the availability of machine tools is imminent. This paper shows different approaches
that a classical manufacturing systems company such as TRUMPF takes in applying data mining techniques to address the new
challenges which come with the Internet of things. In addition to classical methods, a new approach is introduced that
does not need any alteration of the machine or its interfaces.
Bandwidth Enhancement of Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna Using Thin Dielectric Layer Fed by Resonating Slot
Authors: Mishra Nipun K. , Das Soma , Vishwakarma Dinesh K.
Published: July 2016

In this paper Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA) has been designed for X-band frequency range applications with slot feeding. Bandwidth of designed cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna has been enhanced by making the slot to be resonating and inserting very thin low permittivity dielectric layer between the slot and CDRA. Resonating slot excites the closely spaced HEM
Chunk concatenation evolves with practice and sleep-related enhancement consolidation in a complex arm movement sequence
Authors: Blischke Klaus , Malangré Andreas
Published: July 2016

This paper addresses the notion of chunk concatenation being associated with sleep-related enhancement consolidation of motor sequence memory, thereby essentially contributing to improvements in sequence execution speed. To this end, element movement times of a multi-joint arm movement sequence incorporated in a recent study by Malangré et al. (2014) were reanalyzed. As sequence elements differed with respect to movement distance, element movement times had to be purged from differences solely due to varying trajectory lengths. This was done by dividing each element movement time per subject and trial block by the respective “reference movement time” collected from subjects who had extensively practiced each sequence element in isolation. Any differences in these “relative element movement times” were supposed to reflect element-specific “production costs” imposed solely by the sequence context. Across all subjects non-idiosyncratic, lasting sequence segmentation was shown, and four possible concatenation points (i.e. transition points between successive chunks) within the original arm movement sequence were identified. Based on theoretical suppositions derived from previous work with the discrete sequence production task and the dual processor model (Abrahamse et al., 2013), significantly larger improvements in transition speed occurring at these four concatenation points as compared to the five fastest transition positions within the sequence (associated with mere element execution) were assumed to indicate increased chunk concatenation. As a result, chunk concatenation was shown to proceed during acquisition with physical practice, and, most importantly, to significantly progress some more during retention following a night of sleep, but not during a waking interval.
Body composition and bone mineral density of collegiate American football players
Authors: Turnagöl Hüseyin Hüsrev
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to compare whole and segmental body composition and bone mineral density of collegiate American football players by playing positions. Forty collegiate American football players voluntarily participated in this study. Participants were categorized by playing positions into one of five categories i.e., defensive linemen, offensive linemen, defensive secondary players, offensive secondary players and receivers. Whole body composition and bone mineral density were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Offensive and defensive linemen had higher body mass, a body mass index, lean mass and a fat mass index compared to the remaining three positions and a higher lean mass index compared to offensive secondary players and receivers. Offensive linemen had a higher body fat percentage and lower values of upper to lower lean mass than offensive and defensive secondary players and receivers, and higher total mass to the lean mass ratio and fat mass to the lean mass ratio compared to the other players. Offensive linemen had a higher fat mass index and fat mass to the lean mass ratio than defensive linemen. However, in all other measures they were similar. Offensive and defensive secondary players and receivers were similar with respect to the measured variables. Bone mineral density of the players was within the normal range and no difference in lean mass was observed between the legs. In conclusion, findings of this study showed that the total and segmental body composition profile of collegiate American football players reflected the demands of particular playing positions.
Physical fitness and performance of polish ice-hockey players competing at different sports levels
Authors: Roczniok Robert , Stanula Arkadiusz , Gabryś Tomasz , Szmatlan-Gabryś Urszula , Gołaś Artur , Stastny Petr
Published: July 2016

The study aimed to determine the values of selected aerobic and anaerobic capacity variables, physical profiles, and to analyze the results of on-ice tests performed by ice-hockey players relegated to a lower league. Performance of 24 ice-hockey players competing in the top league in the 2012/2013 season was analysed to this end. In the 2013/2014 season, 14 of them still played in the top league (the control group), while 10 played in the first league (the experimental group). The study was conducted one week after the end of the playoffs in the seasons under consideration. The results revealed that only in the experimental group the analysed variables changed significantly between the seasons. In the Wingate test, significant changes were only noted in mean relative power (a decrease from 9.91 to 9.14 W/kg; p=0.045) and relative total work (a decrease from 299.17 to 277.22 J/kg; p=0.048). The ramp test indicated significantly lower power output in its final stages (364 compared with 384 W; p=0.034), as well as a significant decrease in relative VO2max (from 52.70 to 48.30 ml/min/kg). Blood lactate concentrations were recorded at the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th min of recovery after the ramp test. The rate of post-exercise recovery, ∆LA, recorded after the ramp test turned out to be significantly lower. The times recorded in the on-ice “6x30 m stop” test increased from 32.18 to 33.10 s (p=0.047). The study showed that playing in a lower league where games were less intensive, training sessions shorter and less frequent, had an adverse effect on the performance level of the investigated players. Lower VO2max recorded in the study participants slowed down their rates of post-exercise recovery and led to a significantly worse performance in the 6x30 m stop test, as well as lower relative power and relative total work in the Wingate test.
Physiological responses and match characteristics in professional tennis players during a one-hour simulated tennis match
Authors: Kilit Bülent , Şenel Ömer , Arslan Erşan , Can Sema
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of serve and return game situations on physiological responses and match characteristics in professional male tennis players during one hour-long simulated singles tennis matches. Ten internationally ranked tennis players (age 22.2 ± 2.8 years; body height 180.7 ± 4.4 cm; body mass 75.9 ± 8.9 kg) participated in this study. Their physiological responses were measured using two portable analyzers during indoor hard court matches. Ratings of perceived exertion were also determined at the end of the game. The variables describing the characteristics of the matches determined from video recordings were: (a) duration of rallies; (b) rest time; (c) work-to-rest ratio; (d) effective playing time; and (d) strokes per rally. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between serving and returning conditions in an hour-long simulated singles tennis match in terms of oxygen uptake, a heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, pulmonary ventilation, respiration frequency and a respiratory gas exchange ratio. In addition, both the heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion responses were moderately correlated with the duration of rallies and strokes per rally (r = 0.60 to 0.26; p<0.05). Taken together, these results indicate that the serve game situation has a significant effect on the physiological response in an hour-long simulated tennis match between professional male tennis players. These findings might be used for the physiological adaptations required for tennis-specific aerobic endurance.
Efficacy of the “pick and roll” offense in top level European basketball teams
Authors: Marmarinos Christos , Apostolidis Nikolaos , Kostopoulos Nikolaos , Apostolidis Alexandros
Published: July 2016

Team offense in basketball games consists of a set of offensive actions carried out with the cooperation of two or more players. Of these actions, the most commonly used in the last decade is the on-ball screen called the “pick and roll.” The aim of this study was to analyze all of the pick and rolls conducted in the Euroleague championship from all of the 24 participating teams and to investigate the possible relationships between success in the pick and roll and overall success of the teams. For this purpose, 12,376 pick and rolls from 502 matches were analyzed and classified in categories according to the end result of the offensive possession. The results showed that the most effective type of pick and roll offense was when a shot was attempted after 2 passes from the pick and roll occurrence, followed by the screener’s shot when he rolled to the basket. Additionally, linear regression analysis confirmed that pick and roll effectiveness could predict the final classification of the teams. Conclusively, coaches of the high level European clubs should focus on training the players to the most efficient phases of the pick and roll offense, so that the chances of winning the championship to be maximized.
The oxygen uptake slow component at submaximal intensities in breaststroke swimming
Authors: Oliveira Diogo R. , Gonçalves Lio F. , Reis António M. , Fernandes Ricardo J. , Garrido Nuno D. , Reis Victor M.
Published: July 2016

The present work proposed to study the oxygen uptake slow component (VO2 SC) of breaststroke swimmers at four different intensities of submaximal exercise, via mathematical modeling of a multi-exponential function. The slow component (SC) was also assessed with two different fixed interval methods and the three methods were compared. Twelve male swimmers performed a test comprising four submaximal 300 m bouts at different intensities where all expired gases were collected breath by breath. Multi-exponential modeling showed values above 450 ml·min−1 of the SC in the two last bouts of exercise (those with intensities above the lactate threshold). A significant effect of the method that was used to calculate the VO2 SC was revealed. Higher mean values were observed when using mathematical modeling compared with the fixed interval 3rd min method (F=7.111; p=0.012; η2=0.587); furthermore, differences were detected among the two fixed interval methods. No significant relationship was found between the SC determined by any method and the blood lactate measured at each of the four exercise intensities. In addition, no significant association between the SC and peak oxygen uptake was found. It was concluded that in trained breaststroke swimmers, the presence of the VO2 SC may be observed at intensities above that corresponding to the 3.5 mM-1 threshold. Moreover, mathematical modeling of the oxygen uptake on-kinetics tended to show a higher slow component as compared to fixed interval methods.
10 km running performance predicted by a multiple linear regression model with allometrically adjusted variables
Authors: Abad Cesar C. C. , Barros Ronaldo V. , Bertuzzi Romulo , Gagliardi João F. L. , Lima-Silva Adriano E. , Lambert Mike I. , Pires Flavio O.
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to verify the power of VO2max, peak treadmill running velocity (PTV), and running economy (RE), unadjusted or allometrically adjusted, in predicting 10 km running performance. Eighteen male endurance runners performed: 1) an incremental test to exhaustion to determine VO2max and PTV; 2) a constant submaximal run at 12 km·h−1 on an outdoor track for RE determination; and 3) a 10 km running race. Unadjusted (VO2max, PTV and RE) and adjusted variables (VO2max
0.72, PTV0.72 and RE0.60) were investigated through independent multiple regression models to predict 10 km running race time. There were no significant correlations between 10 km running time and either the adjusted or unadjusted VO2max. Significant correlations (p < 0.01) were found between 10 km running time and adjusted and unadjusted RE and PTV, providing models with effect size > 0.84 and power > 0.88. The allometrically adjusted predictive model was composed of PTV0.72 and RE0.60 and explained 83% of the variance in 10 km running time with a standard error of the estimate (SEE) of 1.5 min. The unadjusted model composed of a single PVT accounted for 72% of the variance in 10 km running time (SEE of 1.9 min). Both regression models provided powerful estimates of 10 km running time; however, the unadjusted PTV may provide an uncomplicated estimation.
Energy-Efficient Routing and Spectrum Assignment Algorithm with Physical-Layer Impairments Constraint in Flexible Optical Networks
Authors: Zhao Jijun , Zhang Nawa , Ren Danping , Hu Jinhua
Published: July 2016

The recently proposed flexible optical network can provide more efficient accommodation of multiple data rates than the current wavelength-routed optical networks. Meanwhile, the energy efficiency has also been a hot topic because of the serious energy consumption problem. In this paper, the energy efficiency problem of flexible optical networks with physical-layer impairments constraint is studied. We propose a combined impairment-aware and energy-efficient routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) algorithm based on the link availability, in which the impact of power consumption minimization on signal quality is considered. By applying the proposed algorithm, the connection requests are established on a subset of network topology, reducing the number of transitions from sleep to active state. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can improve the energy efficiency and spectrum resources utilization with the acceptable blocking probability and average delay.
Comprehensive Study of Z-Cut Highly Integrated LiNbO3 Optical Modulator with Adjustable Chirp Parameters
Authors: Palodiya Vikram , Raghuwanshi Sanjeev Kumar
Published: July 2016

In this paper, the domain inversion is used in a simple fashion to improve the performance of a Z-cut highly integrated LiNbO
A Novel Demultiplexing Design for Coarse WDM: Exploiting Material Dispersion
Authors: Salameh Haythem Bany , Al-Rabaie Mohammad , Khreishah Abdallah , Al-Zubi Raed
Published: July 2016

In this paper, a compact low-cost simple-to-fabricate demultiplexer is proposed for coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM). The device consists of two layers of the same semiconductor material: the first layer is homogeneous medium with a given refractive index