bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Hybrid Epoxy Composites with Chicken Feather Fibers and TiO₂ for Enhanced Wear Resistance using Taguchi Technique
Authors: Monika Shankarrao Satpute
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Hybrid composites have become potential materials in such applications for improved wear resistance. Standard composites made from carbon or Kevlar fibers are well-known for mechanical purposes but also need improvement in their tribological characteristics. TiO₂ and CFF as fillers may introduce novel reinforcement mechanisms, which may contribute to enhancing the mechanical and wear properties of the composites.
Objectives: This work aims to study the wear behaviour of hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with carbon fiber, Kevlar fabric and new fillers—titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and chicken feathers fibers (CFF). The Taguchi method was adopted using an L27 orthogonal array to study the best parameter settings for reducing wear rate.
Methods: The Taguchi Methodology is implemented to find optimum set of parameters and response parameter. The ANOVA is applied to find most influencing parameter on wear rate.
Results: The study distinguished that 4% TiO₂ and 2–3% CFF showed improved wear resistance, informing the potential industrial applications of composites for automotive, aerospace, and structural components. The optimum set of parameters is TiO2 (2%), CFF (2%), Load (10N), Sliding Distance (500), and Sliding Speed (2 m/s) which approximately 0.1767 mm3/Nm wear rate.
Conclusions: The addition of 4% TiO2 and 2–3% CFF in Carbon-Kevlar epoxy composites gives excellent wear resistance as outlined in this study. For minimization of wear rate and coefficient of friction, Taguchi method with L27 orthogonal array was used to determine the most efficient combination of parameters. These results contribute to optimize industrial application specific hybrid composites, especially in wear reduced areas. The optimum set of parameters is TiO2 (2%), CFF (2%), Load (10N), Sliding Distance (500), and Sliding Speed (2 m/s) which approximately 0.1767 mm3/Nm wear rate
A Systematic Review of Advanced Machine Learning Algorithms for Optimizing Quality of Service Parameters in Cloud Computing Environments
Authors: M.Chinababu
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Cloud computing has revolutionized the IT industry by providing scalable, on-demand resources. Ensuring optimal Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, such as availability, reliability, and response time, is crucial for maintaining user satisfaction and system efficiency. Advanced Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have emerged as powerful tools for optimizing these QoS parameters in cloud environments. This systematic review aims to synthesize the latest research on the application of ML algorithms in optimizing QoS in cloud computing. We review various ML techniques, including supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, and deep learning, highlighting their specific applications and benefits in the cloud context. Key areas of focus include resource allocation, load balancing, fault tolerance, and energy efficiency. The review identifies significant contributions from recent studies, categorizing them based on the ML approach and the QoS parameters addressed. Supervised learning algorithms, such as regression and classification, are widely used for predictive maintenance and performance prediction. Unsupervised learning techniques, like clustering, aid in anomaly detection and workload pattern recognition. Reinforcement learning has shown promise in dynamic resource management by learning optimal policies through interaction with the environment. Deep learning approaches, particularly neural networks, are leveraged for complex pattern recognition and predictive analytics. The review also discusses the challenges in integrating ML algorithms into cloud environments, including data privacy, scalability, and computational overhead. Future research directions are proposed, emphasizing the need for hybrid models, real-time adaptation, and more robust evaluation metrics. By providing a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art ML applications for QoS optimization, this review aims to guide researchers and practitioners in developing more efficient and resilient cloud computing systems.
Vehicle-to-Everything Cloud Collision Prediction Architecture for Random Forest and Software-Defined Networking
Authors: Mohsin Najim Sarayyih AL-Maliki
Published: February 2025

The rising number of road accidents worldwide underscores the urgent need to implement Vehicle- to-Everything (V2X) communications, which can help minimize fatalities and injuries. This paper proposes a novel cloud-based architecture with machine learning capabilities that enables smooth, intelligent management of V2X services. The system features a backup controller that can take over in case of failure, ensuring uninterrupted operation. Additionally, the ML models provide invaluable optimization, from predicting traffic patterns to maximizing resource utilization and connection quality. With their independent decision-making, these Artificial Intelligent/ Machine Learning (AI/ML) functions act as a catalyst, enhancing overall efficiency. This research sheds new light on employing AI/ML in integrating non-terrestrial networks, addressing the complex challenges of massive data analytics under strict requirements. By outlining future research directions, it makes a significant contribution to the knowledge base around intelligent V2X systems. The proposed architecture demonstrates how AI/ML can be harnessed to create robust, seamless networks that help protect human lives on the road. Consequently, this paper introduces a novel architecture leveraging Software-Defined Networking (SDN) over the cloud, which decouples the control plane from the data plane, providing enhanced network programmability and scalability while minimizing costs and network congestion. Additionally, the paper presents a Vulnerable Road User (VRU) accident detection system within this architecture. The proposed method be able to analyze the incoming data in real time, identify potential collision risks with more than 90% accuracy, and provide warnings or take preventive actions to miti-gate the risk of accidents. This can greatly improve road safety by enabling vehicles to make informed decisions and take appropriate measures to avoid collisions
University Governance: Paradigmatic Approaches and Empirical Evidence
Authors: Armijos Robles Lorenzo Adalid
Published: February 2025

The study of stakeholders occupies a prominent place in management theories due to its usefulness and applicability in the field of social and behavioral sciences. Successful experiences in the management of these stakeholders show the importance of their proper management. In the current context, characterized by high volatility and the need for effective crisis management, this approach acquires special relevance for modern management. The objective of this work is to analyze and adapt Mendelow's stakeholder model for its application at the Central University of Ecuador, located in Quito. As part of the methodological triangulation, the study also included two additional public universities in the Ecuadorian capital. The methodology used includes a documentary analysis based on primary sources (experts from the universities studied) and secondary sources (official documentation of the institutions). Based on the analysis of results, strategies designed to optimize the management systems in these higher education institutions are presented. These strategies facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the actors involved and their needs, which contributes to the strengthening of effective, results-oriented management aligned with contemporary demands of institutional governance.
Efficient Component Packing with Algorithmic Optimizations
Authors: Nilesh P. Sable
Published: February 2025

This research paper introduces a recursive algorithm that maximizes component placement by optimizing their orientations in each layer. A software utility was developed using this algorithm called Productive Package. This is used to calculate the maximum number of components that can be packed in the box, the utility enhances efficiency and reduces errors compared to manual calculations. This involves system analysis and design methods to optimize the packaging process. The evaluation of Productive Packager demonstrates its accuracy and effectiveness by comparing its output with manual packaging calculations for various box and component sizes. The utility offers time savings, improved accuracy, and customization options, making it a valuable tool for optimizing packaging processes and enhancing transportation efficiency.
¬¬¬An Investigation into Revolutionizing Auto Component Manufacturing: An IoT-Based Approach for Improved Productivity and Waste Elimination
Authors: Tushar Bhoite
Published: February 2025

The Auto Component Manufacturing industry is confronted with numerous challenges pertaining to productivity, waste reduction, and operational efficiency on the shop floor. Conventional manufacturing processes often prove to be time-consuming, resulting in substantial waste generation, leading to elevated production costs and heightened environmental concerns. In response to these issues, the adoption of an IoT-based approach presents a promising solution for enhancing manufacturing efficiency and sustainability. This research paper delves into the realm of IoT implementation within the Auto Component Manufacturing sector. The primary objective is to explore case studies, identify bottlenecks in existing processes, and examine the outcomes of these case studies. By focusing on real-world examples, we aim to shed light on the practical applications and benefits of integrating IoT technology into the manufacturing landscape. One novel aspect of this study is the holistic implementation of a Whole IoT enterprise that spans from suppliers to end customers within a company. This comprehensive approach has seamlessly connected various departments and led to a significant reduction in waste generation across the supply chain. Through the integration of IoT technology, companies gain access to real-time insights into their production processes and equipment. This invaluable data empowers them to make informed, data-driven decisions promptly, resulting in substantial cost savings and enhanced operational efficiency. The findings presented in this paper underscore the potential of IoT-based solutions to revolutionize traditional manufacturing practices in the Indian Auto Component Manufacturing industry. In conclusion, this research paper not only discusses case studies to uncover operational bottlenecks but also showcases the tangible outcomes of IoT implementation. By offering a comprehensive view of the scope of IoT integration and its transformative impact, this paper underscores the potential for achieving greater efficiency, cost savings, and sustainability within the Auto Component Manufacturing industry through IoT technology.
Scientific Analysis of Various Computational Intelligence Methods used for Weather Forecasting
Authors: Umesh Kumar
Published: February 2025

Numerous studies in the field of weather forecasting have been conducted since technology started to develop in order to better understand how to manage weather by employing the appropriate kind of forecasting. This work is an evaluation report of facts and figures from the literature on weather forecasting incorporate with machine learning(ML), and deep learning(DL) models. Meteorologists, scientists, and researchers have created a wide range of designs, models, simulation systems, and prototypes to increase prediction accuracy. The first portion examines the literature on previous weather forecasting work, the application of numerous ML and DL models for weather forecasting along with the associated challenges. The second Section is all about the analysis  description and drawbacks of current DL weather forecasting models. Several flaws were discovered following the study of prior models. The most common concerns are that running several equations simultaneously which are non-linear in nature requires a significant amount of computer resources and takes a long time to process. computer using Data-driven modeling techniques can be used to reduce the complexity of earlier models. ML and DL, in particular, can more accurately reflect a physical process's nonlinear or intricate underlying features.
Medical Images Denoising using Filters and Neural Network: Comparison through Implementations
Authors: Amar R. Palwankar
Published: February 2025

Wide variety of medical images are degraded by different types of noise such as Impulse noise, Gaussian noise, Poisson or a mixed of all. These noise disruptions typically result from sensor malfunctions, transmission issues, or environmental factors [1]. They provide an essential basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Unlike natural photographs, medical images often contain significant signal-related noise during their creation, resulting in lower contrast and more visible noise [3].No single method or procedure is effective for noise removal hence care should be taken before cleaning noisy area of image. Factors such as type of image (CT scan, Ultrasound, MRI etc) and type of noise such as (Gaussian, the impulsive and speckle noise etc) should be identified and based on the type of input, an appropriate method should be selected. For accurate segmentation of medical images through the automatic means,it is necessary to remove the noise from the images. There are many methods such as learning based (traditional methods) and non-learning based methods(using various types neural networks).To measure the denoising accuracy, parameters like Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) are used. This paper discusses the results obtained through the various methods and their comparison in terms of PSNR,SSIM. Removing noise is crucial for accurate segmentation of medical images. These noise-less images are to be treated as pre-processed images for the segmentation task.
Comprehensive Deep Learning-Based Analysis and Prediction of Water Usage Patterns in India
Authors: Loukik S. Salvi
Published: February 2025

Understanding and forecasting water use patterns in India might play a big part in resource management and sustainable development. The diverse climatic features in India, population density, agricultural practices, and the industrial demand contributed to very complicated water usage patterns across the country. In this study, we exploited the state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning approaches to comprehensively analyze and model these water usage patterns. Using a rich set of datasets that define the socio-economic, climatic, and geographic context, the models are able to identify key drivers of water consumption and provide accurate predictions. The results of the study can be translated into information for policymakers and stakeholders to enable them to come up with targeted strategies for efficient water resource management and planning, therefore contributing to the sustainable development goals in the region.
The Role of Financial Inclusion in Reducing Migrant Workers Financial Strain
Authors: Tomy Thomas
Published: February 2025

Financial inclusion has an important part in alleviating financial stress skilled by migrant workers by providing them with affordable, accessible, and reliable financial services, (Bonnefond, 2014). Migrant workers face challenges like lack of savings mechanisms, high remittance fees, and limited access to credit and insurance, (Wellalage, and Locke, 2020). Financial inclusion initiatives, such as microfinance, mobile banking, and tailored financial products, empower workers to manage their earnings more effectively, send remittances securely, and plan for their futures, (Dahiya, 2020). High remittance costs, and insufficient economic literacy leave migrant workers vulnerable to economic instability, (Nsiah, and Tweneboah, 2023). Initiatives such as mobile money platforms, inclusive banking policies and microfinance programs have shown promising results in reducing financial strain. Strengthening these efforts can lead to greater economic stability and social equity for migrant workers globally. Correlation analysis and mediation analysis adopted for this study to find the results. The findings of this study reveals access to formal banking facilities will help to reducing migrant labourer’s financial strain.
Intelligent Corporate Bankruptcy Prediction: A Data-Driven Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Bhavika Nemade
Published: February 2025

Over the past few decades, corporate bankruptcy has become a source of concern for various business stakeholders such as investors and management. It has also piqued the interest of researchers worldwide. Because there are so many variables that contribute to bankruptcy, it is insufficient to rely solely on a single predictive model; instead, the difficulty is in pinpointing the crucial elements that carry the greatest weight. The significant class imbalance in the data is another significant obstacle that impairs the model's functionality. While many methods, such as Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines, Neural Networks, etc., have been studied before with various pre-processing approaches, we advance this research by applying a novel combination of a Random Forest feature selection technique and BORDERLINE-SMOTE hybrid resampling technique on Polish Bankruptcy dataset. We next apply five classifiers to the altered data: Random Forest, Decision Tree, XGBoost, CatBoost and AdaBoost, and assess the effectiveness of each model. As a result of our suggested approach, provides Random Forest classifier with the highest accuracy of 94% using     optimal prediction based on voting principle.
Impact of Virtual Reality on Consumer Purchase Intentions: A Neuromarketing Perspective
Authors: Nupur Chhaniwal
Published: February 2025

Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a transformative tool in digital marketing, offering immersive and interactive experiences that foster deeper emotional connections between consumers and brands. This article explores the impact of VR on consumer purchase intentions from a neuromarketing perspective. It highlights how VR enhances consumer engagement by providing realistic, personalized experiences that influence decision-making processes. By analysing emotional and cognitive responses through neuromarketing techniques, such as EEG and fMRI, the study reveals that VR marketing significantly enhances consumer trust, brand loyalty, and purchase intent. The paper also compares VR marketing with traditional digital methods, demonstrating that VR’s immersive qualities lead to higher engagement and more informed purchasing decisions. The research underscores the growing relevance of VR as a competitive tool in the evolving digital marketing landscape, offering strategic insights for businesses aiming to capitalize on this technology.
Secured IoT Data Management Using AES Encryption And Blockchain Technology
Authors: Ganga Shirisha M S
Published: February 2025

The swift expansion of IoT devices necessitates robust mechanisms to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access and tampering. This paper fulfills this requirement by integrating AES encryption and blockchain technology. IoT data is encrypted using dynamically generated private keys with AES in CBC mode, ensuring confidentiality, while a Flask application facilitates secure data processing. The encrypted data and metadata are stored on a Solidity-based smart contract, providing decentralized and tamper-proof storage. Results demonstrate enhanced data security, immutability, and traceability, making the framework scalable and suitable for modern IoT ecosystems. Analysis confirms the effectiveness of combining encryption and blockchain to mitigate security risks.
Can Students Outrun Stress? Exploring the Interplay of Resources, Choices, and Demands to Achieve Quality Education
Authors: Megha Mohan
Published: February 2025

The main objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of individual predictors on students' stress and their academic, demands, non-academic demands, and the resources that are available to them, including emotional intelligence, personal resilience, academic workload, and family expectations. Furthermore, the aim is to comprehend the intricate dynamics of stress in the educational setting for Sustainable development Goals for Quality education and recognize possible interventions and support systems. The application of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) for hypothesis testing is employed to investigate the correlations between the stress of the students, their demands and the Resources available to them.  Students with a better understanding of stress, those in high-stress environments, and those who are aware of the factors that contribute to their stress all reported lower stress levels, possibly due to increased knowledge and coping skills. Furthermore, strong personal resilience, emotional intelligence, and positive social support networks were linked to reduced stress. Higher academic workload, examination anxiety, and family expectations, on the other hand, were found to be associated with increased stress. Interestingly, the study found no significant link between mindfulness practices, access to mental health services, and institutional support systems.
TRANSFORMATIONS DES ZONES A FAÇADES ATLANTIQUES, ENTRE ANTHROPISATION ET EQUILIBRE ENVIRONNEMENTALE
Authors: EL MIMOUNI Abdel hadi , DAOUDI Lahcen , OMDI Fatima Zohra , AOUICHE Smail , MANSOUME Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Situé sur la façade Atlantique marocaine, le littoral d’Essaouira à connu une action anthropique depuis l’Antiquité. Suite à cela, la ville s’est retrouvée, au début du 20ème siècle, au milieu de vastes champs de dunes maritimes vives. Des travaux de fixation ont été engagés depuis 1914 pour mettre fin à l’invasion sableuse de cette région et se poursuivent jusqu’à présent. L’extension continue de la ville et la construction de la station balnéaire, « Essaouira Mogador », ont engendré un pressant appel à la construction d’un barrage, le barrage Zerrar, sur l’Oued Ksob à une trentaine de kilomètres de la ville et ce, pour répondre au besoin en eaux. Les interventions de cette nature risquent, à terme, de menacer l’équilibre de l’ensemble du système littoral local d’Essaouira. Ceci va se traduire par des risques réels pour l’intégrité du littoral et de la ville d’Essaouira, le contraire, en somme, de ce à quoi aspirent ces projets.
INONDATION ET URBANISATION DANS LES AGGLOMÉRATIONS PRÉRIFAINES (MAROC SEPTENTRIONAL)
Authors: GARTET Abdelghani , GARTET Djaouad , ERRAFIK Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Les crues des oueds du Rif méridional et du Prérif central méritent une attention particulière dans le contexte actuel des aménagements et de prévention des risques. L’extension urbaine, atteignant les très basses terrasses, est guidée par des affectations conséquentes et des utilisations non averties dans ces milieux où le passage du lit mineur au lit majeur est difficile à établir. L’intérêt de cette étude est de conduire à identifier, répertorier et cartographier les zones à risque afin de préconiser des mesures de prévention. Les nouveaux plans de développement et d’aménagement prévoient des zones à préserver (ou à protéger) mais qui doivent être nécessairement des zones non ædificandi. L'établissement préalable des cartes des risques hydrologiques – basées sur les approches historiques et hydro-géomorphologique devrait précéder tout travail d'aménagement et d'extension urbaine. Ces cartes, dites PER et PPRN, seraient nos recommandations aux décideurs-aménageurs pour faire face aux obligations afférentes aux nouvelles extensions.
La Question De La Gouvernance Urbaine A L’interface De La Recherche Scientifique.
Authors: Bekkouche Ammara
Published: February 2025

Dans le cadre des Conférences Mondiales sur l'environnement (Stockholm 1972, Nairobi 1982, Rio de Janeiro 1992), l’Algérie avait adhéré aux principes visant à promouvoir le développement durable et les enjeux de la démocratie. Depuis lors, l’adoption des textes de loi relatifs à la gouvernance et la participation citoyenne, atteste des intentions à oeuvrer dans cette voie. A ce titre durant la décennie 1990-2000, la Municipalité d’Oran avait fait appel à des universitaires bénévoles pour contribuer à la conception du Plan Directeur d’Aménagement Urbain et des Plans d’Occupation de sol (PDAU et POS). Parmi les décisions adoptées, deux concours avaient été lancés à cet effet induisant l’aménagement problématique du site La Calère.
Par ailleurs, les Programmes nationaux de recherche intègrent la rubrique partenaire socio-économique en vue d’impulser la collaboration intersectorielle dans des projets communs. Mais dans les faits, la procédure se heurte à des hiatus attribués à l’absence de vision globale pour la ville alors que se concrétisent la production de connaissance et le perfectionnement des compétences professionnelles. Aussi, la présente contribution vise à éclairer d’éventuelles situations de la gouvernance urbaine à l’interface de la participation citoyenne. Elle s’appuie sur l’hypothèse que la recherche participative serait un des moyens à utiliser pour mettre en synergie les savoirs des universitaires et des fonctionnaires municipaux. En admettant que l’efficience de la recherche en général est une réalité avérée, quelles seraient les conditions pour une participation des chercheurs, lato sensu, à la gestion de leur ville ?
التحليل المكاني لمواقع المراكز الصحية في مدينة العقبة وبناء نموذج الملائمة المكانية لاختيار الموقع الأمثل لإنشاء مركز صحي جديد باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية
Authors: FANATSA Abdelhamid
Published: February 2025

تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على نمط التوزيع المكاني للمراكز الصحية في مدينة العقبة، وتصميم نموذج لتحديد المواقع المثلى؛لإقامة مركز صحي جديد تبع ا للمعايير المحلية المحددة لها .وتمّ تطبيق النموذج الهيكلي، المتاح في بيئة برامج نظم المعلومات الجغرافية؛لتحديد المواقع المثلى لإقامة مركز صحي جديد، كما تمّ استخدام أداة مطابقة الخرائط الموزونة؛ لاستنباط طبقة جديدة تعبّر عن مجموع الطبقات )المعايير( مع الأخذ في الاعتبار وزن كل معيار. وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن نمط توزيع المراكز الصحية في مدينة العقبة هو نمط متشتت، كما أظهرت نتائج التحليل المكاني استنباط خريطة للمواقع الملاءمة لإقامة مركز صحي جديد في المدينة، حيث قسّمت منطقة الدراسة إلى أربع فئات مختلفة من الملائمة، وهي: نطاق المواقع الملائمة، والمتوسطة، والعالية نسبيا،ً والعالية، والعالية جداً.
POTENTIALITES ET CONTRAINTES DU DEVELOPPEMENT DU PATRIMOINE ARCHITECTURAL A TATAOUINE (SUD-EST TUNISIEN)
Authors: KHATTALI Hatem , OMRANI Mazen
Published: February 2025

Le gouvernorat de Tataouine est jalonné d’un riche patrimoine diversifié. Ce patrimoine constitue ainsi un capital incontestable pour la population locale, mais il a été mal géré par les acteurs. Son intégration comme pilier du développement a été faible au niveau de l’économie régionale. La marginalisation politique et économique des zones intérieures de la Tunisie depuis l’indépendance a constitué un facteur de dévalorisation de ce patrimoine. Actuellement, nos travaux de terrain montrent que les risques affectant le patrimoine local ne cessent d’augmenter et cette richesse risque de disparaitre de la mémoire collective au cours des années prochaines. Ce territoire est donc placé devant un défi majeur inhérent au risque de dégradation de son patrimoine qui pourrait conduire à un déséquilibre dans le processus de développement local durable.
L’approche méthodologique repose sur l’analyse de jeux d’acteurs et la performance du tissu institutionnel local moyennant les données et informations collectées auprès des acteurs publics et privés locaux et régionaux à travers les entretiens directs et les enquêtes par questionnaire. Les analyses ont permis de mettre en évidence les convergences et les divergences des acteurs vis-à-vis des objectifs associés à la conservation et la valorisation du patrimoine au niveau du gouvernorat. En effet, la divergence des objectifs des acteurs régionaux et locaux en termes d’exploitation de ce patrimoine à mis en cause sa conservation et sa valorisation, la diversité des acteurs locaux qui se sont installés à différents échelons ont des comportements et des intérêts différents, donc ce processus a été fortement influencé par ces objectifs contrariés.
TRAMWAY ET METROPOLISATION, ENSEIGNEMENTS DE QUELQUES EXPERIENCES INTERNATIONALES
Authors: Xavier GODARD
Published: February 2025

Le tramway participe au renouveau du transport public en milieu urbain au nord et au sud de la Méditerranée. Mais on peut se demander dans quelle mesure il permet de répondre aux défis d’une urbanisation croissante et d’une métropolisation qui caractérise l’évolution des villes aujourd’hui. On se propose alors d’apporter un éclairage modeste, à travers quelques expériences, des limites du tramway quand on passe de l’échelle urbaine à l’échelle métropolitaine.
DE QUOI PARLE-T-ON LORSQUE L'ON PARLE DE TRAMWAY EN FRANCE ?
Authors: Arnaud PASSALACQUA
Published: February 2025

À de rares exceptions près, les principales agglomérations françaises sont aujourd'hui toutes équipées d'un système de tramway, qui parcourt les espaces les plus symboliques de villes au patrimoine bâti parfois exceptionnel. La place magistrale qu'occupe ce système sur l'espace public, au sein des projets politiques ou dans les représentations urbaines contraste avec l'état de délabrement au propre comme au figuré dans lequel se trouvaient les transports collectifs du début des années 1970.
 
Ce fort décalage mérite une analyse sur le temps long. Il est le signe que l'objet considéré ne peut être compris comme un simple système de transport qui aurait modernisé une offre d'autobus à bout de souffle. Le succès du tramway, sur différents plans, doit se voir comme celui d'un objet aux multiples acceptions et qui a su se combiner avec des dynamiques convergentes en dehors du monde des mobilités urbaines.
 
La France s'est ainsi dotée d'une école nationale du tramway au sens où elle a développé, depuis deux décennies, un art particulier de conception et de réalisation de ces projets qui se sont déployés dans ses agglomérations les plus importantes. Une partie de ce travail s'est opéré sur le thème du retour du tramway. Signe d'une première époque, sur laquelle une analyse doit être faite, sans tomber dans la téléologie. Quelle relation les agglomérations françaises ont-elles construites avec ces premiers tramways ? Pourquoi et comment les ont-elles démantelés ? Quelles ont été les dynamiques à l'origine du développement d'une nouvelle vague, dite de tramways modernes ? Ces derniers sont particulièrement intéressants de par les facettes multiples qu'ils présentent, derrière un visage qui pourtant semble plutôt uniforme d'une ville à l'autre. De quelle nature relève un tel projet ? S'agit-il d'un projet de transport ? Ou d'aménagement urbain ? Ou d'une volonté des élus de voir incarner une politique publique ?
 
 
Cet article propose donc d'analyser ces diverses dimensions pour tenter de comprendre le tramway tel qu'il s'est imposé en France au- delà de l'objet lui-même. Il mobilise aussi bien des éléments historiques sur la définition d'une politique industrielle nationale destinée à réagir à la dépendance énergétique de la France des années 1970, qu'une analyse de la diffusion de cette solution de transport en termes de circulation des modèles techniques comme de controverses. Il s'intéresse également au tramway comme projet politique particulièrement adapté au nouveau contexte décentralisé issu des lois de 1982-1983 ainsi qu'au jeu des intercommunalités. Enfin, le tramway doit également être compris comme intégrateur de politiques publiques sectorielles, du transport à l'aménagement, de la rénovation urbaine à l'action culturelle.
L’EAU A GHARDAIA (ALGERIE)
Authors: DAHMEN Abdelkrim , KASSAB Tsouria
Published: February 2025

Le patrimoine de l’eau en Algérie présente une variété de systèmes hydrauliques ayant tous contribué à pérenniser l’établissement humain dans les contrées sahariennes. L’un des exemples les plus significatifs ici serait la Vallée du M’zab. L’objet de cet article est de démontrer le caractère exceptionnel du système hydraulique du M’zab, à Ghardaïa. Il s’agit de montrer comment le génie des Mozabites a permis, non seulement d’exploiter la nappe phréatique contenue dans les calcaires du Turonien, mais aussi de l’apprivoiser suivant un système original de captage-restitution par puits capteurs pour optimiser l’exploitation des crues saisonnières. Durant des siècles, le savoir, l’organisation sociale, la norme basée sur le rite Ibadite, mais surtout la maîtrise technique ont contribué à créer un système d’occupation du territoire et de gouvernance qui a su concilier urbanité, bien-être et développement durable. Nous ne connaissons pas une autre région au monde qui ait entrepris d’apprivoiser une nappe phréatique pour en disposer à volonté comme d’un réservoir souterrain.
LA LOIRE DES GRANDS BARRAGES
Authors: TEMAM Saïda
Published: February 2025

A partir des années 50 du siècle passé, la reconquête de la vallée de la Loire signifie le développement de projets agricole, d’urbanisation et d’industrialisation. Le contexte politico-idéologique qui accompagne ce projet est la base sur laquelle se dessinera tout le jeu d’acteurs qui va marquer l’aménagement de la vallée de la Loire. Retracer l’historique de la mise en place de ce projet va permettre d’en comprendre les intérêts et les inconvénients. Quelles conséquences peut-il avoir au niveau de la gestion territoriale du risque inondation ? Ce projet fait l’apologie des barrages comme moyen de réduire la vulnérabilité de la vallée. Les barrages visent-ils d’autres objectifs que la protection de la vallée contre les crues ? Par ailleurs l’analyse du devenir des anciens aménagements de protection contre les crues (levées) va rendre compte d’un tournant idéologique durant les années 1980. La réalisation du projet initial s’avère difficile car la sécurisation de la vallée doit désormais se combiner avec des revendications sociétales, portées par les associations écologistes, relatives à la sauvegarde de la richesse environnementale et patrimoniale. Tout compte fait, il y a lieu de poser la question suivante : ce grand projet d’aménagement serait-il l’expression d’une gestion de la vallée complètement abstraite et théorisée des technocrates ou, au contraire, représente-il la solution qui va réconcilier les acteurs en conflit ?
Relevance of Human Values in Ramcharitmanas in Contemporary Educational Context: A Study
Authors: Anupam Singh  , Anshuman Dubey
Published: February 2025

In the modern education system, ethics and human values are becoming increasingly peripheral. Due to the emphasis on technical and vocational skills, younger generations are moving away from education grounded in moral and cultural values. In this context, epic texts like Goswami Tulsidas’s Ramcharitmanas, which advocate numerous lofty human values such as truth, righteousness, compassion, service, and respect for women, become highly relevant to contemporary education. This research paper examines the necessity, relevance, and potential effective implementation of these human values advocated in Ramcharitmanas within the current educational system. The aim is to demonstrate how integrating these values into curricula and co-curricular activities can make modern education more ethical and sensitive. Such inclusion not only fosters personal development but also enhances cultural awareness, ethics, and harmony in society.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity among People with and without HIV in Uganda: Associations with Cardiovascular Risk and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Opara Chinonso C. , Davey Christine Horvat , Kityo Cissy , Brinza Ellen , Nazzinda Rashidah , Bittencourt Marcio Summer , Oliveira Vitor , Webel Allison R. , Longenecker Chris T.
Published: February 2025

Background: Africa has a disproportionate burden of HIV-related cardiovascular disease. We aimed to describe physical activity in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and people without HIV (PWOH) in Uganda and characterize its relationship with the presence of computed tomography angiography-detected (CCTA) coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Ugandan Study of HIV Effects on the Myocardium and Atherosclerosis using Computed Tomography (mUTIMA-CT) cohort. From 2017–2019, physical activity in PLHIV and PWOH was assessed by accelerometry over seven days. Participants additionally underwent CCTA. Univariable and multivariable modified Poisson regression was used to analyze the relationship between physical activity and CAD presence.
Results: 168 participants were analyzed. The median (IQR) age was 57 (53–58) years old and 64% were female. Males had more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week [68 minutes (12–144) vs. 15 minutes (0–50), P < 0.001] and less light physical activity [788 minutes (497–1,202) vs. [1,059 (730–1490), P = 0.001] compared to females, but there was no difference by HIV status. After adjusting for age, which accounted for 10% of the variation in steps taken, and sex, no significant associations were found between physical activity and coronary plaque.
Conclusion: Objectively measured physical activity was low compared to guideline recommendations, with males being somewhat more active than females and without significant differences by HIV status. Physical activity was not associated with the presence of CAD independently of age and sex.
Assessment of Genetic Variability, Diversity, Correlation, and Path Analysis for Yield and its Components in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Pandey Vinod Kumar , P.N. Verma  , Amit Kumar  , Sajal Saha
Published: February 2025

Wheat is a crucial crop that feeds a large portion of the global population. Given the constant increase in global population, there is a pressing need to boost wheat yield and productivity. A recent study conducted at Integral University in Lucknow was set out to examine genetic variability, broad-sense heritability, and genetic advance relating to wheat yield and its associated characteristics. The research focused on understanding the genetic variability and correlations among traits related to wheat yield in the species Triticum aestivum L. The study found significant variability in traits when analyzing the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV). This variability was observed in the number of grains per spike (16.0939%), grain yield per plant (11.0572%), number of tillers per plant (8.473%), spike length (8.0682%), spike weight per plant (9.1287%), thousand seed weight (8.938%), biological yield per plant (7.2931%), and protein content (5.8122%). The research also identified strong positive correlations between grain yield per plant and several traits, including spike length, number of seeds per spike, spike weight per plant, biological yield per plant, days to maturity, and plant height. Direct effect analysis highlighted the biological yield per plant as having the most significant impact on the grain yield per plant (1.232), with other traits such as days to maturity, days to 50% flowering, number of tillers per plant, spike length, thousand seed weight, and number of grains per spike also positively contributing to the yield.
Nutritional Comparison of Boiled Black and White Rice: Proximate Composition, Mineral Content, and Sensory Evaluation of the Product
Authors: Ojha Komal , Mogra Renu , Kachhawa Kavita
Published: February 2025

This study compares the mineral content and approximate composition of boiled black and white rice, as well as the sensory assessment of product made from black rice. Significant variations were noted in the level of moisture, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber, and carbohydrates, in addition to the energy and mineral profiles. White rice had a greater carbohydrate content (88.99±0.19%) and slightly more energy (383.92±0.13 kcal), but black rice had higher amounts of moisture (5.87±0.06%), protein (8.23±0.01%), fat (3.02±0.01%), and crude fiber (2.98±0.01%). The black rice also had greater amounts of calcium, phosphorus and zinc. The sensory evaluation results showed that the formulated value-added product from black rice were highly preferred with maximum scores for appearance, flavor, texture and overall acceptability. This study’s results show that black rice offers more nutrition compared to white rice and may be used in the production of value-added product.
Bacterial Remediation of Glyphosate Polluted Agricultural Soil
Authors: Priya R. Lakshmi , V. Gayathri
Published: February 2025

Glyphosate is a broad spectrum, non-selective herbicide widely used in the agriculture for the control of weed population. Their presence in environment causes persistent negative effects in human health due to its toxicity. Bioremediation of polluted soil is the primary way of eliminating glyphosate from the environment. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the herbicide (glyphosate) degrading bacteria from the herbicide polluted agricultural soil and to bioremediate the polluted sample by the bacteria isolate. Their efficiency to degrade glyphosate was tested by various tests like enrichment culture technique, minimum inhibitory concentration and degradation in soil.
Using AI for student’s evaluation: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Mishra Girijesh , Pandey Dr. Kashi Nath , Tripathi Dr. Rohini , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Pandey Dr. Kashi Nath
Published: February 2025

This study examines the philosophical, psychological, and administrative aspects of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) for student assessment and evaluation in India's higher education system. Through qualitative interviews with educators at an urban university, the research explores AI's potential to enhance fairness and efficiency in grading while also investigating concerns about its limitations in assessing creativity and critical thinking. The psychological impacts on students and teachers are analyzed, including AI's ability to provide rapid feedback but potential lack of emotional engagement. Administrative challenges like the digital divide, costs, and ethical issues around data privacy and algorithmic bias are also evaluated. While AI offers significant opportunities to streamline assessment processes and provide personalized learning, its implementation faces obstacles related to infrastructure, training, and equitable access, particularly in rural areas. The study concludes that thoughtful integration of AI, with clear ethical guidelines, is needed to leverage its benefits while preserving essential human elements of education. This research contributes localized insights on AI adoption in India's diverse educational landscape to inform policy and practice.
Green Financing and Economic Sustainability in Nigeria: Assessing the Impact of Green Credit, Green Securities, and Carbon Finance
Authors: Pat-Natson Halima Femi , George Saji , Lamino Abubakar Hauwa
Published: February 2025

Economic sustainability is a fundamental pillar of a country's growth and development, yet it faces several challenges, including green credit, security, and carbon finance. This study examines the impact of green financing on Nigeria’s economic sustainability from 2009 to 2023. Specifically, it evaluates the effects of green credit, green security, and carbon finance on Nigeria’s economic stability. The study employs descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including unit root tests, co-integration tests, panel cointegration analysis, and panel cointegration regression estimation. Additionally, a dynamic fixed-effect model is used to assess the impact of green financing on economic sustainability. The findings indicate that carbon finance (CO2F) and electricity production from hydroelectric sources (EPH) have negative predictive values for GDP growth (GDPG), implying a negative impact. In contrast, green loans (GRL) exhibit a positive predictive value, suggesting a beneficial effect on economic sustainability. This is further reinforced by an R-squared value of 0.8279, indicating that green financing variables collectively influence GDPG by approximately 83%. The model derived from this study is represented as GDPG = -2.485 - 4.68E-11(CO2F) + 0.698(GRL) - 7.10E-05(EPH). The study concludes that green credit, security, and carbon finance significantly impact Nigeria's economic sustainability. Based on these findings, it is recommended that Nigeria substantially increase investment in research and development (R&D) in clean energy technologies while developing local expertise in renewable energy solutions. Such efforts are crucial to addressing current climate challenges, achieving renewable energy targets, and ensuring long-term economic resilience.
Finite Element Analysis of Reinforcement Design in Takeup Tower Under Dynamic Loading Conditions
Authors: Praja Dilla Atos  , Romli Romli , Nanda Yusril Mahendra  , Agung Mataram  , Amrifan Saladin Mohruni
Published: February 2025

This research focuses on the finite element analysis for the design of reinforcement towers under dynamic load conditions. The reinforcement tower is a crucial part of the retrieval system that supports the system’s optimal function. This study identifies critical areas and plans reinforcement design steps on the construction of the retrieval tower. Stress analysis helps determine reinforcement design steps based on established standards and analytical approaches. The finite element method is used to analyze the design of the retrieval tower. The model is meshed into small triangular parts to find solutions in the form of finite element analysis of reinforcement tower design under dynamic load conditions. The results of finite element computation show normal stress fluctuations and increased displacement over time, indicating material deformation. This analysis is essential for understanding material behavior and designing systems that can effectively withstand dynamic loads.
Analysis of Variation E7016 Electrode Heating Time and Humidity on E7016 Electrode Tensile Strength of Joints Welding Material SS400
Authors: Junaidi Ahmad , Saputra Dimas Ariya , Wilza Romi , Hendradinata Hendradinata
Published: February 2025

This research aims to determine the effect of variations in heating time and humidity of the E7016 electrode on the tensile strength of welded joints in SS400 material. The research was carried out using three humidity levels and two electrode heating durations (2 hours and 3 hours) at a temperature of 260°C. The research results show that electrode humidity and heating time have a significant influence on the tensile strength of the welded joint. The highest tensile strength value was found in the welding variation using welding wire without treatment with heating for 3 hours with an average of 529.62 N/mm2, then the lowest tensile stress was found in the outdoor electrode humidity treatment variation with a heating time of 2 hours amounting to 378.12 N/mm2. The analysis was carried out using the two ways ANOVA method to analyze the resulting tensile strength data. The analysis results show that electrodes heated for 3 hours produce higher tensile strength compared to electrodes heated for 2 hours