bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enacting the Security Community
Authors: Martel Stéphanie
Published: May 2023

Enacting the Security Community illuminates the central role of discourse in the making of security communities through a case study of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Despite decades of discussion, scholars of political science and international relations have long struggled to identify what kind of security community ASEAN is striving to become.
Talk about security, Stéphanie Martel argues in this innovative study, is more than empty rhetoric. It is precisely through discourse that ASEAN is brought into being as a security community. Martel analyzes the epic narratives that state and non-state actors tell about ASEAN's journey to becoming a security community, featuring a colorful cast of heroes and monsters. Chapters address a wide spectrum of current regional security concerns, from the South China Sea disputes to the Rohingya crisis, and nontraditional challenges like natural disasters and pandemics. Through fieldwork and in-depth interviews with practitioners, Martel provides clear evidence that discourse is key to sustaining regional organizations like ASEAN.
Enacting the Security Community is an incisive contribution to debates among scholars and practitioners about security communities as well as the role of discourse in the study of world politics, and essential reading for students of Southeast Asian International Relations, politics, and security.
Digital Incunables
Authors: Whearty Bridget
Published: May 2023

Chapter 3 analyzes the rise of digitization from the mid-1990s to the mid-2010s through four separate digitization projects, each of which created a new digital manuscript of John Lydgate’s Fall of Princes: Digital Scriptorium and New York, Columbia University, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Plimpton MS 255; a student-driven digitization of Victoria, University of Victoria, Ms.Eng.1; the British Library’s Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts and London, British Library, Harley MS 1766; and Bibliotheca Philadelphiensis and Philadelphia, the Rosenbach Museum and Library, Rosenbach MS 439/16. Even when digitized manuscripts exist in the atemporality of the internet, each is the product of particular institutional homes, creators, and moments in internet history. Reading these digital book histories together brings into view some of the overlooked ancestors of modern digital manuscripts, showing how these precedents have shaped digital manuscripts and our expectations of them today.
Glitch
Authors: Whearty Bridget
Published: May 2023

The coda uses manuscript copying errors, analog and digital, to explore a fault line in how we do digital codicology: whether we think of digital manuscripts like programs to be updated and overwritten or whether we treat them as unique books to be preserved, unchanged. It ultimately offers a middle path drawing on software versioning methods to make a stable and public space for changes made to digital manuscripts, and the people who make those changes, to be more explicitly and carefully recorded.
Giving Language Time
Authors: Wolff Tristram
Published: May 2023

Chapter 1 provides a methodological overview and introduction to key terms, ideas, and thinkers appearing throughout the book, including the coinages uprooted word and gray romanticism. It begins by proposing to open new possibilities for the field and period of romanticism, by considering the folded temporalities of “A Mende Song,” recorded by Black linguist Lorenzo Dow Turner in the 1930s. It then describes a broader theoretical turn to literary temporalities, and introduces “gray romanticism” (in contrast with green naturalism), an ambiguous chronopolitical tendency that interrupts linear history with geological images. This romantic chronopolitics was a rejoinder to a history of colonial linguistics that used the enlightenment’s “alien word” to give language history. Guided by thinkers in postcolonial studies and linguistic anthropology, the chapter argues that this linguistic uprooting led writers of the romantic century, like Herder, toward nondualist materialisms that gave language different kinds of time.
A Society of Two?
Authors: Bailey Christian
Published: May 2023

Chapter 2 studies how Jewish partnerships were transformed across an era that began with revolutionary ferment and ended with the collapse of democracy. The interwar period saw the enfranchisement of women and the rise of socialism, but it was also marked by violent ideological strife and economic turbulence. During this era of contrasts, a renaissance of Jewish life occurred, which was partly nourished by the migration of Jewish migrants from Eastern Europe. The chapter asks whether, because of the greater social pluralism evident in Germany and Austria, Jewish and mixed couples could carve out their own “societies of two.” Personal accounts suggest that young couples could chart out their own novel pathways, but relatively unchanging norms for marriage and motherhood meant that many relationships ended up looking rather conventional.
Multi-objective topology optimisation for acoustic porous materials using gradient-based, gradient-free, and hybrid strategies
Authors: Ramamoorthy Vivek T. , Özcan Ender , Parkes Andrew J. , Jaouen Luc , Bécot François-Xavier
Published: May 2023

When designing passive sound-attenuation structures, one of the challenging problems that arise is optimally distributing acoustic porous materials within a design region so as to maximise sound absorption while minimising material usage. To identify efficient optimisation strategies for this multi-objective problem, several gradient, non-gradient, and hybrid topology optimisation strategies are compared. For gradient approaches, the solid-isotropic-material-with-penalisation method and a gradient-based constructive heuristic are considered. For gradient-free approaches, hill climbing with a weighted-sum scalarisation and a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II are considered. Optimisation trials are conducted on seven benchmark problems involving rectangular design domains in impedance tubes subject to normal-incidence sound loads. The results indicate that while gradient methods can provide quick convergence with high-quality solutions, often gradient-free strategies are able to find improvements in specific regions of the Pareto front. Two hybrid approaches are proposed, combining a gradient method for initiation and a non-gradient method for local improvements. An effective Pareto-slope-based weighted-sum hill climbing is introduced for local improvement. Results reveal that for a given computational budget, the hybrid methods can consistently outperform the parent gradient or non-gradient method.
Non–cell-autonomous regulation of interneuron specification mediated by extracellular vesicles
Authors: Pipicelli Fabrizia , Baumann Natalia , Di Giaimo Rossella , Forero-Echeverry Andrea , Kyrousi Christina , Bonrath Rebecca , Maccarrone Giuseppina , Jabaudon Denis , Cappello Silvia
Published: May 2023

Disruption in neurogenesis and neuronal migration can influence the assembly of cortical circuits, affecting the excitatory-inhibitory balance and resulting in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Using ventral cerebral organoids and dorsoventral cerebral assembloids with mutations in the extracellular matrix gene
LGALS3BP
, we show that extracellular vesicles released into the extracellular environment regulate the molecular differentiation of neurons, resulting in alterations in migratory dynamics. To investigate how extracellular vesicles affect neuronal specification and migration dynamics, we collected extracellular vesicles from ventral cerebral organoids carrying a mutation in
LGALS3BP
, previously identified in individuals with cortical malformations and neuropsychiatric disorders. These results revealed differences in protein composition and changes in dorsoventral patterning. Proteins associated with cell fate decision, neuronal migration, and extracellular matrix composition were altered in mutant extracellular vesicles. Moreover, we show that treatment with extracellular vesicles changes the transcriptomic profile in neural progenitor cells. Our results indicate that neuronal molecular differentiation can be influenced by extracellular vesicles.
Granitoids indicating moderate to high heat production associated with oceanic subduction system in the NE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zou Feng-Hui , Santosh M. , Deng Li-Huan , Wu Cai-Lai , Gao Dong , Gao Yuan-Hong
Published: May 2023

Regional heat flow provides a direct surface indication of the thermal state and energy balance of the lithosphere. Heat flux in the Tibetan Plateau remains poorly studied due to the lack of adequate information on heat flow. In this study, we investigated granitoids from the Gonghe-Guide district located in the NE Tibetan Plateau, which have important significance as hot and dry rocks with potential for geothermal resources. Samples from granitoid rocks as well as felsic dikes were collected from this area, and their geochemical data were combined with regional geophysical and drilling core data to evaluate a high-heat-flow anomaly. Our data show that granitoid rocks, including granodiorite, monzogranite, and syenogranite, crystallized at ca. 253−240 Ma, while felsic dikes formed ca. 230 Ma. The former were emplaced during the oceanic subduction process, whereas the latter formed in the syncollisional stage associated with the closure of the paleo-Zongwulong Ocean. Geochemically, these granitoid rocks are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous, with an average differentiation index (DI) value of 80, and they are classified as weakly to moderately fractionated I-type granites. The felsic dikes are peraluminous with high DI values (average of 95), typical of highly fractionated I-type granites. In terms of their high K and especially U and Th abundances, the calculated radioactive heat generation produced by the granodiorite, monzogranite, syenogranite, and felsic dikes is 1.85, 2.91, 6.85, and 3.02 μW/m3, respectively. Their moderate to high heat production generates a local heat-flow anomaly of 14.8−22.2 mW/m2 above the regional value of subduction zones, accounting for 11%−18% of the total regional heat flow. In combination with regional magnetotelluric data, the high-heat-flow anomaly may be attributed to an additional heat-flow contribution from a partial melt layer beneath this region. Furthermore, there is a significant positive correlation between the radioactive heat generation and magmatic fractionation, indicating that the enrichments of heat-producing elements are controlled by fractional crystallization and subsequently source composition. The granitoid rocks with high heat generation correspond to the large-scale intermediate-felsic magmatism during the subduction stage. We propose a model wherein a continuous subduction process during the closure of the paleo-Zongwulong Ocean and protracted cooling and crystallization processes resulted in the enrichment in heat-producing elements.
Hybrid Organomineral Carriers for Therapeutic Proteins
Authors: Zelenikhin P. V. , Galeeva A. G. , Islamova R. R. , Lopatin O. N. , Yarullin R. S. , Ilinskaya O. N.
Published: May 2023

Abstract—

Drug delivery systems are developed to provide a necessary concentration and prolonged effect of the active substance in the organism. Orally administered protein preparations require a protection from the proteolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. Biocompatible hydrophilic polysaccharides in the composition of the matrix are especially promising, since they do not irritate the intestine and are gradually cleaved by specific glycosidases, releasing a therapeutic agent. The introduction of an insoluble porous mineral matrix into the composition of the carrier allows us to increase the concentration of the therapeutic agent in the matrix without a significant increase in the volume of the drug tablet form. In this work, a new original organomineral carrier was created based on heat-treated crushed clinoptilolite zeolite in combination with natural polysaccharides of red algae (agar–agar, agarose, and carrageenan). Granular and finely dispersed clinoptilolites in the composition of the matrix are loaded with a promising therapeutic agent (Bacillus pumilus ribonuclease (binase)), which shows a selective cytotoxicity to tumor cells. It was established that both granular and finely dispersed zeolites in a complex with polysaccharides retain the protein better as compared with pure zeolites and provide a gradual complete release of the enzyme in 18 h; at the same time, binase retains a catalytic activity and causes apoptosis in up to 23.8% of the population of HuTu80 human duodenal adenocarcinoma cells. Data obtained substantiate the prospects of designing dosage forms based on the studied organomineral carriers.
Assisted vaginal births: women who tear or have a surgical cut need prompt antibiotics
Authors: Saul Helen , Deeney Brendan , Cassidy Samantha , Imison Candace , Knight Marian
Published: May 2023

The study

Humphries ABC, Linsell L, Knight M. Factors associated with infection after operative vaginal birth—a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of infection following operative vaginal birth.
AJOG
2023;228:328.

To read the full NIHR Alert, go to:
https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/assisted-vaginal-births-women-need-prompt-antibiotics/
Mapping malaria incidence using routine health facility surveillance data in Uganda
Authors: Epstein Adrienne , Namuganga Jane Frances , Nabende Isaiah , Kamya Emmanuel Victor , Kamya Moses R , Dorsey Grant , Sturrock Hugh , Bhatt Samir , Rodríguez-Barraquer Isabel , Greenhouse Bryan
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Maps of malaria risk are important tools for allocating resources and tracking progress. Most maps rely on cross-sectional surveys of parasite prevalence, but health facilities represent an underused and powerful data source. We aimed to model and map malaria incidence using health facility data in Uganda.

Methods

Using 24 months (2019–2020) of individual-level outpatient data collected from 74 surveillance health facilities located in 41 districts across Uganda (n=445 648 laboratory-confirmed cases), we estimated monthly malaria incidence for parishes within facility catchment areas (n=310) by estimating care-seeking population denominators. We fit spatio-temporal models to the incidence estimates to predict incidence rates for the rest of Uganda, informed by environmental, sociodemographic and intervention variables. We mapped estimated malaria incidence and its uncertainty at the parish level and compared estimates to other metrics of malaria. To quantify the impact that indoor residual spraying (IRS) may have had, we modelled counterfactual scenarios of malaria incidence in the absence of IRS.

Results

Over 4567 parish-months, malaria incidence averaged 705 cases per 1000 person-years. Maps indicated high burden in the north and northeast of Uganda, with lower incidence in the districts receiving IRS. District-level estimates of cases correlated with cases reported by the Ministry of Health (Spearman’s r=0.68, p<0.0001), but were considerably higher (40 166 418 cases estimated compared with 27 707 794 cases reported), indicating the potential for underreporting by the routine surveillance system. Modelling of counterfactual scenarios suggest that approximately 6.2 million cases were averted due to IRS across the study period in the 14 districts receiving IRS (estimated population 8 381 223).

Conclusion

Outpatient information routinely collected by health systems can be a valuable source of data for mapping malaria burden. National Malaria Control Programmes may consider investing in robust surveillance systems within public health facilities as a low-cost, high benefit tool to identify vulnerable regions and track the impact of interventions.
Digital health and human rights of young adults in Ghana, Kenya and Vietnam: a qualitative participatory action research study
Authors: Davis Sara L M , Pham Trang , Kpodo Irene , Imalingat Tara , Muthui Alex Kilonzo , Mjwana Nomtika , Sandset Tony , Ayeh Elsie , Dong Do Dang , Large Kaitlin , Nininahazwe Cedric , Wafula Timothy , Were Nerima , Podmore Mike , Maleche Allan , Caswell Georgina
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Digital health offers the potential to strengthen health systems in low- and middle-income countries. However, experts have warned about threats to human rights.

Methods

We used qualitative methods to investigate how young adults in Ghana, Kenya and Vietnam use their mobile phones to access online health information and peer support, and what they see as the effect on their human rights. We applied a transnational participatory action research approach. Global and national networks of people living with HIV, AIDS activists, young adults and human rights lawyers participated in study design, desk review, digital ethnography, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and qualitative analysis.

Results

We interviewed 174 young adults ages 18–30 in 24 focus groups in 7 cities in Ghana, Kenya and Vietnam, and held 36 key informant interviews with national and international stakeholders. Young adults reported predominantly using Google, social media and social chat groups for health information. They emphasised reliance on trusted peer networks, and the role of social media health champions. However, gender inequalities, class, education and geography create barriers to online access. Young adults also disclosed harms linked to seeking health information online. Some described anxiety about phone dependence and risk of surveillance. They called for a greater voice in digital governance.

Conclusion

National health officials should invest in young adults’ digital empowerment, and engage them in policy to address benefits and risks of digital health. Governments should cooperate to demand regulation of social media and web platforms to uphold the right to health.
Prevalence and determinants of early neonatal mortality in Ethiopia: findings from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016
Authors: Tamir Tadesse Tarik , Asmamaw Desale Bihonegn , Negash Wubshet Debebe , Belachew Tadele Biresaw , Fentie Elsa Awoke , Kidie Atitegeb Abera , Amare Tsegaw , Fetene Samrawit Mihret , Addis Banchlay , Wubante Sisay Maru , Endawkie Abel , Zegeye Alebachew Ferede
Published: May 2023

Background

Early neonatal death accounts for a significant number of under-5 mortality worldwide. However, the problem is under-researched and under-reported in low-income and middle-income countries, particularly in Ethiopia. The magnitude of mortality during the early neonatal period and associated factors should be studied for designing appropriate policies, and strategies that could help tackle the problem. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify factors associated with early neonatal mortality in Ethiopia.

Methods

This study was conducted by using data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016. A total of 10 525 live births were enrolled in the study. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify determinants of early neonatal mortality. Adjusted OR (AOR) at a 95% CI was computed to assess the strength and significance of the association between outcome and explanatory variables. Factors with a p<0.05 were declared statistically significant.

Results

The national prevalence of early neonatal mortality in Ethiopia was 41.8 (95% CI 38.1 to 45.8) early neonatal deaths per 1000 live births. The extreme ages of pregnancy (under 20 years (AOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.5) and above 35 years (AOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.5 to 4)), home delivery (AOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.3), low birth weight (AOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4 to 8.2) and multiple pregnancies (AOR 5.3, 95% CI 4.1 to 9.9) were significantly associated early neonatal mortality.

Conclusions

This study revealed a higher prevalence of early neonatal mortality as compared with prevalence in other low-income and middle-income countries. Thus, it is determined to be essential to design maternal and child health policies and initiatives with a priority on the prevention of early neonatal deaths. Emphasis should be given to babies born to mothers at extreme ages of pregnancy, to those born of multiple pregnancies delivered at home and to low birthweight babies.
Real-life effects of benralizumab on airway oscillometry in severe eosinophilic asthma
Authors: Chan Rory , Lipworth Brian J
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Eosinophil depletion with benralizumab reduces exacerbations and improves disease control and FEV1in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. However, few studies have investigated the effect of biologics on small airways dysfunction (SAD) even though the latter correlates better with poor asthma control and type 2 inflammation.

Methods

21 GINA-defined severe asthma patients who were treated with benralizumab and who had baseline oscillometry-defined SAD were included in this study. Here, SAD was diagnosed only if patients satisfied both R5–R20≥0.10 kPa/L/s and AX≥1.0 kPa/L. The mean duration of follow-up between pre-benralizumab versus post-benralizumab clinical measurements was 8 months.

Results

Mean values for FEV1% and FVC% but not FEF25%–75%significantly increased following benralizumab, along with significant reductions in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). There were no significant improvements in R5–R20, X5 or AX, while the mean (SEM) PBE count fell to 23 (14) cells/µL. In a responder analysis, n=8/21 and n=12/21 patients experienced improvements exceeding biological variability of 0.04 kPa/L/s and 0.39 kPa/L in R5–R20 and AX, respectively, in severe asthma. N=10/21, n=10/21 and n=11/21 patients experienced improvements in FEV1, FEF25–75and FVC exceeding biological variability of 150 mL, 0.210 L/s and 150 mL, respectively. In contrast, n=15/21 patients experienced an improvement in ACQ greater than minimal clinical important difference of 0.5 units.

Conclusion

Eosinophil depletion with benralizumab improves spirometry and asthma control but does not improve spirometry-measured or oscillometry-measured SAD in severe asthma in a real-life setting.
Induced magnetic transportation of Soret and dissipative effects on Casson fluid flow towards a vertical plate with thermal and species flux conditions
Authors: Shamshuddin M. D. , Sharma Ram Prakash , Ghaffari A. , Allipudi Subba Rao
Published: May 2023

This research offers an analysis of the mixed convective transient boundary film Casson fluid stream and thermal distribution through a vertical sheet. Viscous dissipation and the Soret effect are introduced to support the flow in stimulating heat capacity. Unlike typical investigations, the present flow-formulated model is done to capture an induced magnetic field. The Boussinesq approximation is used to describe the nonlinear formulated partial derivatives governing the heat transfer fluid that is non-dimensionalized using suitable dimensionless quantities. The transformed partial derivative model is numerically solved via the spectral Chebyshev technique and the results of shear stress, current density, Nusselt number, and mass gradient are tabulated. The role of numerous terms on dimensionless flow rate, induced velocity, and heat transfer with species distribution is discussed in a very effective way. Velocity and temperature of liquid decline as boosting the material parameter. Enhancing values [Formula: see text] favor the flow momentum and oppose the temperature profile.
Supercontinuum generation in C6H5NO2-core photonic crystal fibers with various air-hole size
Authors: Dang Van Trong , Chu Van Lanh
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we demonstrated the ability of a hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a hollow core infiltrated with nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) to generate a broad SC spectrum at low peak powers. Due to the non-uniformity of the air hole diameters, our new design allows for simultaneous optimization of features, resulting in near-flat, near-zero dispersion, a small effective mode area, and low attenuation for efficient spectral broadening. We selected two optimal structures from the simulation results to analyze the nonlinear properties and supercontinuum generation. The first fiber, #HF1, with a lattice constant of 1.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and a filling factor of 0.45, operates in all-normal dispersion and produces spectral SC ranging from 0.81[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m to 1.919[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m with a pump wavelength of 1.56[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, a pulse duration of 90[Formula: see text]fs, and peak power of 0.133[Formula: see text]kW propagated in a 1 cm fiber length. The #HF2 fiber (lattice constant of 2.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, filling factor of 0.3) has an extended SC spectrum from 0.792[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m to 3.994[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, a pump wavelength of 1.55[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, a pulse width of 110[Formula: see text]fs, a peak power of 0.273[Formula: see text]kW propagated in a 15[Formula: see text]cm fiber length. The proposed fiber may be a new-generation optical fiber suitable for low-peak power all-fiber optical systems to replace glass-core glass fiber.
On Writing Well…and Not So Well
Authors: Yaffe Philip
Published: May 2023

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.

Books on good writing are virtually ubiquitous. They number in the hundreds if not the thousands. Occasionally one comes along that seems to stand head and shoulders above all the rest. But the question is, why?
A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Approach to Discover Explainability Tradeoffs when Using Linear Regression to Effectively Model the Dynamic Thermal Behaviour of Electrical Machines
Authors: Banda Tiwonge Msulira , Zăvoianu Alexandru-Ciprian , Petrovski Andrei , Wöckinger Daniel , Bramerdorfer Gerd
Published: May 2023

Modelling and controlling heat transfer in rotating electrical machines is very important as it enables the design of assemblies (e.g., motors) that are efficient and durable under multiple operational scenarios. To address the challenge of deriving accurate data-driven estimators of key motor temperatures, we propose a multi-objective strategy for creating Linear Regression (LR) models that integrate optimised synthetic features. The main strength of our approach is that it provides decision makers with a clear overview of the optimal tradeoffs between data collection costs, the expected modelling errors and the overall explainability of the generated thermal models. Moreover, as parsimonious models are required for both microcontroller deployment and domain expert interpretation, our modelling strategy contains a simple but effective step-wise regularisation technique that can be applied to outline domain-relevant mappings between LR variables and thermal profiling capabilities. Results indicate that our approach can generate accurate LR-based dynamic thermal models when training on data associated with a limited set of load points within the safe operating area of the electrical machine under study.
Engaging in Participatory Community-Based Arts: Perspectives of People Living with Dementia
Authors: Bazooband Azam , Courtney-Pratt Helen , Tierney Laura , Doherty Kathleen
Published: May 2023

For people living with dementia, participatory community-based art activities have the potential to enhance the dignity of the individual, reaffirm a sense of identity, and provide social engagement. To identify opportunities to enhance the inclusion of people living with dementia in participatory community-based arts activities, this study sought the insights of people living with dementia. People living with dementia were invited to participate in semistructured group interviews to share their insights about participatory community-based arts activities. Interviews were analysed thematically to explore perceptions of benefits, opportunities, and ways to enhance participation in such activities. Participation in community arts was perceived to deliver benefits to social engagement and potentially reduce stigma through offering an education opportunity. Three key areas were identified as ways to enhance the engagement of people with dementia: knowing about the existing opportunities, accessing the activities (in terms of transport, venue proximity, timing, and wayfinding), and receiving support while attending the activity. Adequate information, easy access, a welcoming and inclusive atmosphere, the facilitators’ enabling approach, and a judgement-free environment are desirable features which are congruent with dementia-inclusive arts activities. Enhanced engagement of people living with dementia may reduce stigma and improve community education.
A Price-Based Load Flow Algorithm in Decentralized Distribution Markets
Authors: Yousefi Meysam , Mashhadi Habib Rajabi
Published: May 2023

With the addition of new elements such as distributed generation, demand response, and price-sensitive loads, as well as grid smartness, the operation and management of distribution networks have faced additional complexities. Hence, the electricity price has a vital role for all market participants and strongly affects the demand, generation, and subsequently, the load flow analysis in the network. In this situation, there is a need for a load flow algorithm in which price is integrated into load flow equations. Therefore, this paper seeks to present a suitable algorithm called price-based load flow which considers the electricity price as a state variable similar to technical variables. In this situation, the price is added to the load flow equations as a new state variable and the effect of location on the price is considered. Therefore, it is possible to use the radial structure of the distribution network and communication between adjacent buses in order to provide an effective and appropriate method to find the price simultaneously with technical variables. The numerical study on the IEEE 33-bus distribution network shows the performance of the proposed method. Unlike the centralized market structure, the method does not need all network information to calculate distribution locational marginal price using optimal power flow. In this method, each bus can perform its computation only by information exchange with adjacent buses.
The Spread of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus across Southeast Asia: Insights from Surveillance
Authors: Wilhelm Lillian , Ward Michael P.
Published: May 2023

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a notifiable, transboundary disease, causing substantial economic and welfare impacts in cattle. Prior to October 2020, LSD had not been reported in Southeast Asia; however, on 5 October 2020, Vietnam reported the first case in the region. This study aimed to investigate the initial spread of LSD virus (LSDV) in cattle across Southeast Asia between October 2020 and October 2021. LSD outbreak data were accessed from the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) database and analysed to investigate this spread via epidemic curves, disease maps, clustering, and descriptive statistics. During the epidemic period, 866 LSD outbreaks were reported from six Southeast Asian countries, consisting of 1,758,923 susceptible cattle, 93,465 cases, 5,936 deaths, and 1,117 cattle culled. Analysis revealed a propagated epidemic throughout Southeast Asia, with four major peaks in case numbers across Thailand and Vietnam. Three clusters of reported outbreaks were identified, and Thailand was found to be the epicentre of the outbreak in the region, which could reflect reporting bias and underreporting from other countries in Southeast Asia. High morbidity and mortality rates were reported, particularly in Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia, likely reflective of infection in a naïve population and lack of an effective vaccination program. These findings are in contrast to what has generally been described in other parts of the world. Furthermore, studies should examine the risk factors associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in this region. A greater understanding of LSD epidemiology in Southeast Asia will assist farmers and governments to implement effective control and prevention strategies that reduce the spread of disease to other regions and the potentially devastating impacts of LSD.
An Effective Method for Sensing Power Safety Distance Based on Monocular Vision Depth Estimation
Authors: Wang Leixiong , Wang Bo , Wang Shulong , Ma Fuqi , Dong Xuzhu , Yao Liangzhong , Ma Hengrui , Mohamed Mohamed A.
Published: May 2023

As an important index of risk protection, the safety distance is crucial to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system and the safety of personnel’s life. Traditional monitoring methods are difficult to balance recognition accuracy and convenience. Therefore, this paper presents a power safety distance sensing method based on monocular visual images to achieve the recognition of the safety distance of external damage in complex scenes of transmission corridors, and proposed a power density depth distance model. In this model, a codec network with skip-connection to extract features and aggregate shallow and deep features for input power system images. Then, the regularization method, migration learning strategy, cosine annealing learning strategy, and data enhancement strategy are used to further optimize the model, so as to obtain a model with good accuracy and generalization in complex conditions. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified in comparison to other external damage monitoring methods. The experimental results showed that the proposed method has high accuracy for the distance of external damage in the actual scenario. Moreover, the method has good generalizability, which can be easily deployed in video monitoring systems on different transmission corridors.
Production of Dermatophagoides farinae Having Low Bacterial Content Using Ampicillin
Authors: Kim Ju Yeong , Yi Myung-hee , Kim Myungjun , Choi Jun Ho , Lee Seogwon , Yong Tai-Soon
Published: May 2023

Background. Symbiotic bacteria in house dust mites pose a risk of immunological side effects in the clinical use of immunotherapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated the duration for which the bacterial concentration in Dermatophagoides farinae could be kept low with antibiotic treatment, and whether the allergenic properties of the mite changed under ampicillin treatment. Methods. D. farinae was cultivated in the presence of ampicillin powder in an autoclaved medium for 6 weeks. After subsequent subcultures without ampicillin, the mites were harvested, and the extract was prepared. The amounts of bacteria, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and two major allergens (Der f 1 and Der f 2) were measured. Human bronchial epithelial cells and mice were treated with the D. farinae extract to assess the allergic airway inflammation. Results. The number of bacteria and level of LPS were reduced by 150-fold and 33-fold, respectively, at least 18 weeks after ampicillin treatment. The concentration of Der f 1 and Der f 2 remained unchanged by ampicillin treatment. The secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 from the human airway epithelial cells decreased when treated with the extract of ampicillin-treated D. farinae compared with that of ampicillin-untreated D. farinae. A mouse asthma model was developed using ampicillin-treated D. farinae. We observed that the level of lung function, airway inflammation, and serum-specific immunoglobulin were not different for the mouse asthma model developed using ampicillin-treated D. farinae than the model developed using ampicillin-untreated D. farinae. Conclusions. We showed that bacterial content in D. farinae was reduced by ampicillin treatment, which was sufficient to induce allergic sensitization and an immune response. This method will be used to develop more controlled allergy immunotherapeutic agents.
A Novel Scale to Assess Parental Satisfaction of Dental Local Anesthetic Techniques in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alkhouli Muaaz , Al-Nerabieah Zuhair , Dashash Mayssoon
Published: May 2023

Background. Pain control is one of the most important aspects that can affect parental satisfaction of the dental care provided for children. Dental local anesthesia has the highest impact on pain sensation of the children. However, there is no scale in the literature to assess parental satisfaction of dental local anesthetic techniques. Objectives. This study was aimed to assess the parental satisfaction with dental local anesthetic techniques for their children through designing a scale that reflects satisfaction and to study the validity and reliability of this scale. Methods. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 150 parents (102 mothers and 48 fathers). Two techniques of local anesthesia were used for each child participated in this study (inferior alveolar nerve block and computerized intraosseous anesthesia). The developed scale consisted of 20 items in a 5-point Likert scale. Half of the items were written in a negative format. Internal consistency, validity, and factor analysis were performed in this study. Independent t-test was used to compare between the two techniques of anesthesia, between boys and girls and among fathers and mothers. Results. Parental satisfaction mean values were higher in the computerized intraosseous anesthesia group in comparison to inferior alveolar nerve block (

P

value <0.05). The T-test showed that there was no difference between boys and girls regarding parental satisfaction (

P

value >0.05). Furthermore, fathers show lower satisfaction in the computerized interosseous anesthesia group (

P

value <0.05). Excellent internal consistency of this scale was resulted as Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was 0.985. After factor analysis, seven factor components were retained by using varimax rotation. Conclusions. Findings of this study reported that the designed parental satisfaction of dental local anesthetic techniques scale (PSLAS) is a valid and reliable scale to be used. Moreover, this study showed that parental satisfaction was higher when computerized intraosseous anesthesia was used in comparison to inferior alveolar nerve block.
Data from Cell-Autonomous Cxcl1 Sustains Tolerogenic Circuitries and Stromal Inflammation via Neutrophil-Derived TNF in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Bianchi Anna , De Castro Silva Iago , Deshpande Nilesh U. , Singh Samara , Mehra Siddharth , Garrido Vanessa T. , Guo Xinyu , Nivelo Luis A. , Kolonias Despina S. , Saigh Shannon J. , Wieder Eric , Rafie Christine I. , Dosch Austin R. , Zhou Zhiqun , Umland Oliver , Amirian Haleh , Ogobuiro Ifeanyichukwu C. , Zhang Jian , Ban Yuguang , Shiau Carina , Nagathihalli Nagaraj S. , Montgomery Elizabeth A. , Hwang William L. , Brambilla Roberta , Komanduri Krishna , Villarino Alejandro V. , Toska Eneda , Stanger Ben Z. , Gabrilovich Dmitry I. , Merchant Nipun B. , Datta Jashodeep
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We have shown that KRAS–TP53 genomic coalteration is associated with immune-excluded microenvironments, chemoresistance, and poor survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. By treating KRAS–TP53 cooperativity as a model for high-risk biology, we now identify cell-autonomous Cxcl1 as a key mediator of spatial T-cell restriction via interactions with CXCR2+ neutrophilic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in human PDAC using imaging mass cytometry. Silencing of cell-intrinsic Cxcl1 in LSL-KrasG12D/+;Trp53R172H/+;Pdx-1Cre/+(KPC) cells reprograms the trafficking and functional dynamics of neutrophils to overcome T-cell exclusion and controls tumor growth in a T cell–dependent manner. Mechanistically, neutrophil-derived TNF is a central regulator of this immunologic rewiring, instigating feed-forward Cxcl1 overproduction from tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), T-cell dysfunction, and inflammatory CAF polarization via transmembrane TNF–TNFR2 interactions. TNFR2 inhibition disrupts this circuitry and improves sensitivity to chemotherapy in vivo. Our results uncover cancer cell–neutrophil cross-talk in which context-dependent TNF signaling amplifies stromal inflammation and immune tolerance to promote therapeutic resistance in PDAC.
Significance:
By decoding connections between high-risk tumor genotypes, cell-autonomous inflammatory programs, and myeloid-enriched/T cell–excluded contexts, we identify a novel role for neutrophil-derived TNF in sustaining immunosuppression and stromal inflammation in pancreatic tumor microenvironments. This work offers a conceptual framework by which targeting context-dependent TNF signaling may overcome hallmarks of chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.
Techno-economic assessment of solar technologies to meet hospitals energy needs
Authors: Guerrero Guillem , Ramos Alba
Published: May 2023

Hospitals present one of the highest energy consumptions per surface unit, meaning that on-site renewable energy generation and energy efficiency improvements are key to lower hospitals energy demand, external energy dependence and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. In this work, the feasibility from the techno-economical point of view of the installation of three solar-based energy generating technologies in hospitals in different climate locations in Europe is addressed. The potential of solar energy technologies to cover the energy needs of the hospitals under study is conducted proposing a novel design and sizing optimization methodology for on-roof installations. The profitability of the different solar-based installations will vary depending on the solar technology output (electrical, thermal or both) and on the type of energy needs of the hospital; but in all cases, profitability is mostly influenced by the price of the current energy source supplying the hospital energy needs. Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) values for on-roof photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal (ST), and photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) installations obtained are in the range of
 0.028-0.056, 0.051-0.096, and 0.053-0.128 €/kWh, respectively; for locations in latitudes from 37 N (Seville) to 60 N (Oslo) in Europe. Results from this work aim to serve as reference for similar studies in a wide range
 of climates.
As Universidades medievais
Authors: Paula Eurípedes Simões de
Published: May 2023

(1º parágrafo do artigo)
Não vim fazer uma conferência, mas sim ministrar uma aula, na qualidade de professor e para dirigir-me aos alunos que se matricularam neste curso. Sendo eu um professor de História da Idade Média, achei que o melhor tema para esta aula, - aliás um dos pontos do programa que tenho a honra de prelecionar na Faculdade de Filosofia da Universidade de São Paulo - seria justamente o seguinte: As Universidades Medievais.
A geomorfologia no Brasil
Authors: Ab'Saber Aziz Nacib
Published: May 2023

(1º parágrafo do artigo)
Na literatura sobre a evolução dos conhecimentos científicos, relacionados com as ciências da terra no Brasil, raras são as informações dedicadas à história da Geomorfologia Brasileira. Nesse sentido, nem mesmo a publicação do notável simpósio sobre As ciências no Brasil (1955), organizado graças aos esforços e ao prestígio intelectual de Fernando Azevedo, foi capaz de preencher aquela séria lacuna. Os geólogos Viktor Leinz e Othon Henry Leozardos, encarregados respectivamente de escrever sobre a Geologia e Paleontologia e a Mineralogia e Petrografia, compreensivelmente deixaram de lado o tratamento dos assuntos mais propriamente geomorfológicos.
A botânica no Brasil: considerações históricas
Authors: Ferri Mário Guimarães
Published: May 2023

(1º parágrafo do artigo)
A Botânica no Brasil começou com o índio que para se nutrir devia encontrar frutos, raízes e caça. Devemos ainda lembrar que o índio fabricava suas habitações com materiais de origem vegetal. Além disso, tecia suas rêdes de diversas fibras, fabricava uma bebida alcoólica, o cauim, por fermentação da mandioca e frequentemente pintava seu corpo com tintas extraídas de jenipapo (Genipa americana) e do urucu (Bixa orellana).
Explicações teleológicas e teleonômicas em biologia
Authors: Cunha A. Brito da
Published: May 2023

(1º parágrafo do artigo)

A adaptação dos organismos ao meio em que vivem é um dos problemas centrais da teoria da evolução. Entende-se por adaptação a inter-relação entre organismo e meio que promove a sobrevivência e a reprodução do ser vivo no ambiente em que ele normalmente vive. A adaptação é um fenômeno geral e um dos grandes méritos de Lamarck foi acentuar a sua importância. Quando se estudam adaptações é difícil evitar a impiessão de que o organismo aparentemente sabe o que deve fazer para sua sobrevivência.
A tecnologia da educação e sua utilização na elaboração de novos projetos de ensino
Authors: Saad Fuad Daher
Published: May 2023

(1º parágrafo do artigo)

O propósito do presente artigo é mostrar como podemos nos uti-lizar dos recursos fornecidos pela Tecnologia da Educação para a elaboração de Projetos de Ensino — no caso presente analisaremos o Projeto FAI (Física Auto-Instrutiva) que está sendo presentemente aplicado para cerca de 130.000 alunos, do 20 Grau em todo país. Para tanto, analisaremos breve-mente a Tecnologia Educacional em si, seus princípios, e finalmente sua aplicação.
A tecnologia do ano 2000
Authors: Goldemberg José
Published: May 2023

(1º parágrafo do artigo)

Fazer previsões sobre o futuro é muito arriscado. Em geral, quem as faz são sociólogos que fazem extrapolações; extrapolações são feitas baseadas em certas hipóteses de normalidade. Por exemplo, se a população nacional continuar crescendo a uma taxa de 3% ao ano, pode-se prever com bastante precisão qual vai ser a população no ano 2.000. Pode-se prever também com bastante precisão qual será a produção de alimentos e o desenvolvimento de outras atividades e fazer previsões terríveis sobre o que nos espera daqui a 30 anos.