bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Top emergency medicine faculty development papers since 2000: A Delphi study
Authors: Luo Christine T. , Bailey Jessica A. , Yarris Lalena M. , Kornegay Joshua G. , Regner Kimberly A. , Mayersak Ryanne J.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Faculty development is essential for academic emergency physicians to maintain clinical skills and succeed in administrative and leadership roles and for career advancement and satisfaction. Faculty developers in emergency medicine (EM) may struggle to find shared resources to guide faculty development efforts in a way that builds on existing knowledge. We aimed to review the EM‐specific faculty development literature since 2000 and come to a consensus about the most useful for EM faculty developers.

Methods

A database search was conducted on the topic of faculty development in EM from 2000 to 2020. After identifying relevant articles, we performed a modified Delphi process in three rounds, using a team of educators with a range of experiences with faculty development and education research, to identify articles that would be most useful to a broad audience of faculty developers.

Results

We identified 287 potentially relevant articles on the topic of EM faculty development, 244 from the initial literature search, 42 from manual review of the references of the papers meeting inclusion criteria, and one by our study group's recommendation. Thirty‐six papers met final inclusion criteria and underwent full‐text review by our team. The Delphi process yielded six articles that were deemed most highly relevant over the three rounds. Each of these articles is described here, along with summaries and implications for faculty developers.

Conclusions

We present the most useful EM papers from the past two decades for faculty developers seeking to develop, implement, or revise faculty development interventions.
Near‐infrared Light‐accelerated Glucose Oxidase‐MoS2 Cascade Catalytic Chemodynamic Therapy in Synergistic Cationic Polymer Hydrogels to Combate Multibacterial Infection
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xiao Douxin , Dong Alideertu
Published: March 2023

Given the poor antibacterial activity of hydrogels, a multimodal synergistic antibacterial hydrogel based on dopamine‐modified oxidized hyaluronic acid was developed, and its antibacterial activity and biocompatibility were demonstrated. First, dopamine‐modified oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA‐DA) was used as the hydrogel backbone. A dual‐dynamically cross‐linked injectable hydrogel was constructed by mixing OHA‐DA, Fe3+ with cationic antimicrobial peptide polylysine (EPL) via Schiff base and coordination complexation. Next, glucose oxidase‐loaded MoS2 nanosheets were synthesized through electrostatic interaction and loaded into the hydrogel through physical mixing. Finally, a multimodal synergistic antibacterial hydrogel OD/EPL/GM was obtained. Antibacterial experiments show that the hydrogel has good antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, and the antibacterial rate can reach 99.99%.
On the origin of de‐polarization in CB54
Authors: Zielinski Niko , Wolf Sebastian , Pattle Kate
Published: March 2023

We present polarimetric observations of the Bok globule CB54 in the far‐infrared via SOFIA/HAWC+ bands D (154 m) and E (214 m). We detect polarization with mean polarization degrees of 5.4 and 5.4 at 154 and 214 m, respectively. The polarization degree decreases toward the inner region of CB54, revealing a “polarization hole”. This finding can be explained by the impact of dichroic absorption counteracting the effect of polarized emission. The same effect allows us to explain the observed wavelength‐dependent orientation of the linear polarization in the dense, central region of CB54. The polarization pattern appears uniform at core scales but un‐ordered at larger scales—similar to what was found in previous studies of this object. The mean polarization angle amounts to = 62.4 44.5° and = 60.0° at 154 and 214 m, respectively.
How does investor attention affect energy firms' managerial opportunistic behavior? New evidence from China
Authors: Cao Wei , Linnenluecke Martina , Tian Jinfang , Xue Rui , Yang Huan
Published: March 2023

The energy sector plays a crucial role in facilitating the low‐carbon energy transition. However, in the absence of appropriate environmental regulation, managerial opportunistic behavior in energy firms can manipulate ethical investor perceptions and hinder the real transition process towards clean energy. Using Chinese listed energy firms as the research setting, this paper examines the impact of investor attention on energy firms' earnings management practices. In both clean and traditional energy firms, the results show a significant U‐shaped association between investor attention and earnings management, with the U‐shaped curve for clean energy firms being smoother. This U‐shaped relationship is more pronounced in energy firms with larger size and weaker external monitoring. Moreover, the mediating analysis shows that internal control quality transmits the impact of investor attention onto earnings management practices in the energy sector. Our key findings remain robust to a battery of robustness tests and endogeneity controls. Therefore, given the growing attention on the energy sector, this study extends the existing literature on energy firms' managerial opportunistic behavior by analyzing the nonlinear effect for investor attention and provides practical implications for curbing energy firms' managerial opportunistic activities and guiding managerial attention towards making real sustainable investments, thereby promoting clean energy transition and sustainable development.
Prognostic value of cross‐lineage expression of the myeloid‐associated antigens CD13 and CD33 in adult B‐lymphoblastic leukemia: A large real‐world study of 1005 patients
Authors: Liao Hongyan , Lai Hongli , Chen Jiao , Shuai Xiao , Zhang Xin , Yang Ying , Lyu Mengyuan , Zheng Qin
Published: March 2023

Background

Cross‐lineage expression of the myeloid‐associated antigens CD13/CD33 is common in adult B‐lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) patients, yet its prognostic value is still controversial.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of 1005 de novo adult B‐ALL patients from January 2009 to December 2019 in our hospital. Logistic and Cox regression were used to analyze the prognostic value of CD13/CD33 expression in B‐ALL. A Cox regression model was established to predict overall survival (OS) for B‐ALL patients.

Results

Of the 1005 B‐ALL patients, 53.7% (n = 540) aberrantly expressed CD13/CD33 (CD13/CD33+). Patients in the CD13/CD33+ group showed a higher incidence of BCR::ABL1 rearrangement and minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) positivity but similar complete remission rate, relapse‐free survival, mortality, and OS with CD13/CD33‐. CD13/CD33+ patients had a higher risk of MRD positivity than CD13/CD33‐ patients. Notably, CD13/CD33+ patients who underwent tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy had a better long‐term prognosis than those without TKI experience. Sex, group based on CD13/CD33 expression and TKI experience and white blood cell count were variables independently associated with OS. The Cox regression model integrating these three variables showed a moderate performance for OS prediction (C‐index: 0.724).

Conclusions

In real‐world practice, CD13/CD33 expression can predict the risk of MRD in patients without TKI experience, but has no adverse effect on the prognosis of adult B‐ALL patients. Incorporating CD13/CD33 into the standard antibody panels of B‐ALL diagnosis and MRD measurements can help predict relapse risk and decisions on therapy options.
Efficacy and toxicity profile of first‐line treatment for extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer: A Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Guo , Yao Zhuoran , Kang Kai , Wang Hui , Luo Ren , Lu You
Published: March 2023

Background

The efficacy and toxicity profiles for extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) are unclear. We aimed to address this gap through a Bayesian network meta‐analysis.

Methods

We performed network analysis from randomized controlled trials comparing these treatments: PD‐(L)1 inhibitor, CTLA‐4 inhibitor, CXCR inhibitor, PARP inhibitor, CDK inhibitor, chemotherapy, and their combinations. Pooled estimations of progression‐free survival, overall survival, objective response rate, and toxicity (systematic and specific) were conducted within the Bayesian framework.

Results

Twenty‐five trials involving 9 strategies were included. In terms of progression‐free survival and overall survival, PD‐(L)1 inhibitor combined with cisplatin/carboplatin (P) and etoposide (E) shown the acknowledged superiority than other treatments. The addition of CTLA‐4 inhibitor (ipilimumab) to EP had the highest response rate among these regimens, and the combination of chemotherapy (irinotecan) and cisplatin/carboplatin had the greatest probability of performing considerable systematic security. The secondary endpoint was specific adverse events, including vomiting, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, constipation, and decreased appetite; hence we depicted the specific toxicity profile of each regimen. In addition, we identified the differences between PD‐1 inhibitors and PD‐L1 inhibitors in prolonging overall survival time for the central nervous system (CNS)/liver metastases patients.

Conclusions

EP combined with PD‐(L)1 inhibitor followed by CTLA‐4 inhibitors or anti‐angiogenesis was the considerable treatment with considerable efficacy and safety for ES‐SCLC. Each treatment has a unique specific toxicity profile, which needs more attention.
Effectiveness and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy in advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A multicenter, retrospective, real‐world study
Authors: Su Ruopeng , Chen Zeyu , Hong Daoping , Jiang Shuai , Yuan Yichu , Cai Xingyun , Hu Hailong , Fu Changde , Huang Zhiyang , Wang Zhenyu , Zheng Bing , Huang Jian , Wang Zaoyu , Bao Yige , Cai Ming , Guo Jianming , Chen Minfeng , Wei Qiang , Huang Jiwei , Xue Wei
Published: March 2023

Introduction

The effectiveness and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy in advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is less reported.

Methods

In total, 106 consecutive advanced UTUC patients receiving ICI monotherapy were collected from nine high volume centers. Clinical outcomes were analyzed according to multiple parameters (e.g., treatment line, metastatic sites). Objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were captured after ICI initiation.

Results

With a median follow‐up of 12.0 months, 25 patients in the first‐line group and 15 patients in the second‐line group died of UTUC. We reported a median OS of 18.0 months, a median PFS of 5.0 months, and an ORR of 38.6% for patients in the first‐line group; a median OS of 10.0 months, a median OS of 4.0 months, and an ORR of 27.8% for patients in the second‐line group. Complete response was observed in two patients in the first‐line group and one patient in the second‐line group with a total complete response rate of 2.8%. In the univariate and multivariate analysis, visceral metastasis with a hazard ratio of 2.4 was associate with poor OS. The most common treatment‐related adverse events included fatigue (11.3%), pruritus (10.4%), and diarrhea (6.6%).

Conclusions

This real‐world study suggests that ICI monotherapy is active and has acceptable toxic effects for unresectable or metastatic UTUC as first‐line therapy in cisplatin‐ineligible patients or second‐line therapy in platinum‐refractory patients.
Nucleoporin 107 is a prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma associated with immune infiltration
Authors: Nong Ju‐sen , Zhou Xin , Liu Jun‐qi , Luo Jian‐zhu , Huang Jia‐mi , Xie Hai‐xiang , Yang Ke‐jian , Wang Jing , Ye Xin‐ping , Peng Tao
Published: March 2023

Objective

To assess the diagnostic value and clinical significance of nucleoporin 107 (NUP107) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and explore the possible mechanisms.

Methods

The transcriptomic and clinical data of HCC patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO databases. Tissue specimens were collected from HCC patients in the Guangxi area. According to the expression levels and prognostic characteristics of NUP107, ROC curves and nomogram models were constructed using the R package.

Results

NUP107 was highly expressed in 26 human cancers including HCC, and was associated with advanced HCC staging and worse prognosis. NUP107 showed satisfactory ability to predict the prognosis of HCC patients (AUC >0.8). Results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) further showed that NUP107 was mainly associated with cell cycle‐related pathways such as the cell cycle, DNA replication, G2M checkpoint, E2F target, and mitotic spindle. In addition, NUP107 was also associated with immune infiltration in HCC and showed significant positive correlation with immune checkpoints (PD‐L1 and TIM‐3).
Impact of skeletal muscle volume on patients with BCLC stage‐B hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing sorafenib therapy
Authors: Saeki Issei , Yamasaki Takahiro , Yamauchi Yurika , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Uchikawa Shinsuke , Hiramatsu Akira , Aikata Hiroshi , Kobayashi Kazufumi , Kondo Takayuki , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Kawano Reo , Chayama Kazuaki , Kato Naoya , Takami Taro
Published: March 2023

Aim

Skeletal muscle volume has been reported to be an important factor that determines overall survival (OS) and post‐progression survival (PPS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the impact of skeletal muscle volume on HCC with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B (BCLC‐B) remains unclear. We conducted sub‐analyses of a previous study on BCLC‐B and compared our findings with data on HCC with BCLC stage C (BCLC‐C).

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 356 patients with HCC (BCLC‐B, n = 78; and BCLC‐C, n = 278) undergoing sorafenib therapy. Prognostic factors were analyzed using various parameters, including skeletal muscle volume. Muscle volume (MV) depletion was designated as less than the median value of the skeletal muscle index for each gender (cutoff value: 45.0 cm2/m2 for male and 38.0 cm2/m2 for female participants).

Results

Both OS and PPS showed no significant differences in patients with non‐MV depletion and those with MV depletion in the BCLC‐B group (Median OS [MST] 19.3 vs. 13.5 months [p = 0.348]; median PPS 9.7 vs. 10.8 months [p = 0.578]). In the BCLC‐C group, patients with non‐MV depletion had a significantly longer OS and PPS compared to patients with MV depletion (MST 12.4 vs. 9.0 months [p = 0.001] and median PPS 7.9 vs. 5.4 months [p = 0.002]). Multivariate analysis revealed that MV depletion was an independent prognostic factor of OS and PPS in the BCLC‐C group but not in the BCLC‐B group.

Conclusions

Skeletal muscle volume showed little impact on the clinical outcomes of patients with BCLC‐B undergoing sorafenib therapy.
Linguistic analysis of plain language summaries and corresponding scientific summaries of Cochrane systematic reviews about oncology interventions
Authors: Šuto Jelena , Marušić Ana , Buljan Ivan
Published: March 2023

Background

Cochrane plain language summaries (PLSs) are an important format to present high‐quality healthcare evidence to patients with cancer and their families. They should be written in a way everyone can understand, since they serve as a tool in decision‐making and present a bridge to overcome the gap between the healthcare users and professionals.

Objective

The aim of the study was to assess the language characteristics of PLSs of Cochrane systematic reviews of oncology interventions in comparison with corresponding Cochrane scientific abstracts (SAs).

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we included all Cochrane PLSs and SAs of systematic reviews of oncology interventions available in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. We assessed text readability, measured using the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) index, and the prevalence of words related to different language tones (clout, authenticity, emotions and analytical tones). Two independent assessors categorized the conclusiveness of the efficacy of interventions into nine categories.

Results

The overall median SMOG index for 275 PLSs was 13.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.8–13.3). Readability scores did not differ across Cochrane Review Groups. SAs had a higher readability index than the corresponding PLSs (median = 16.6, 95% CI = 16.4–16.8). Regarding linguistic characteristics, PLSs were shorter than SAs, with less use of analytical tone, but more use of a positive emotional tone and authenticity. Overall, the ‘Unclear’ category of conclusiveness was the most common among all PLSs. Also, PLSs with ‘No evidence’ conclusions were the shortest and had the lowest SMOG index.

Conclusion

PLSs of Cochrane systematic reviews of oncological interventions have low readability and most give unclear conclusions about the efficacy of interventions. PLSs should be simplified so that patients and their families can benefit from appropriate health information on evidence synthesis. Further research is needed into reasons for unclear language to describe evidence from oncology trials.
Clinicopathological features and prognosis of breast cancer combined with symptomatic bone marrow metastases: A 10‐year, single‐center, real‐world study of 67 cases
Authors: Niu Limin , Lv Huimin , Zhang Mengwei , Zeng Huiai , Fu Shuzhen , Cui Shude , Liu Zhenzhen , Yan Min
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Bone marrow metastasis (BMM) is uncommon in breast cancer (BC), and early diagnosis is challenging. BMM lacks definitive treatment options and poses a great threat to the survival of patients. Herein, we investigated the clinical features, prognosis, and factors affecting the prognosis of BC patients with symptomatic BMM to help improve the understanding of this disease and provide effective diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Methods

Clinical data of 67 patients with BC and BMM were retrospectively analyzed for clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of BMM. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors affecting overall survival following BMM (BMMOS).

Results

Among patients with BMM, 86.6% were diagnosed after bone metastasis (BM), while 13.4% were diagnosed simultaneously with BM. A total of 73.1%, 13.4%, and 13.4% of the patients had hormone receptor‐positive/human epidermal growth factor 2‐negative (HR+/HER2−) tumors, HER2+ tumors, and triple‐negative tumors, respectively. The most common symptoms of BMM were the coexistence of anemia and thrombocytopenia (26.9%), anemia (19.4%), and pancytopenia (17.9%). The median BMMOS was 7.6 months (95% CI, 3.9–11.3). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that BMMOS was associated with platelet count <75 × 109/L at the time of BMM diagnosis. The BMMOS of patients who underwent endocrine therapy, combined chemotherapy, and mono‐chemotherapy after BMM was 15.7, 9.7, and 8.6 months, respectively, whereas that of untreated patients was 2.9 months, and the difference among the results was statistically significant (χ2 = 20.102, p < 0.0001). Changes in patient hemogram and/or body temperature during treatment were consistent with the overall effect of the disease (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

BMM should be considered in BC patients with BM, an unexplained reduction in hemogram parameters, especially anemia and thrombocytopenia, and/or fever without chills. Active, effective, individualized treatment strategies can prolong BMMOS.
New Arylazo‐Based (Chromene‐Thiazole) Hybrids as Potential MRSA Inhibitors
Authors: Abdallah Zeinab A. , Sanad Sherif M. H. , Mekky Ahmed E. M. , Ahmed Mohamed S. Mohamed
Published: March 2023

A three‐component protocol was established to efficiently synthesize (chromene‐thiazole) and related arylazo analogs in good to excellent yields. The desired products were prepared by reacting the appropriate salicylaldehydes, 2‐cyanothioacetamide, and chloroacetone or hydrazonyl chlorides. Using piperidine as a mediator in ethanol at 80 °C for 4–6 h, the three‐component protocol produce the target hybrids in 87–96 % yields. The newly synthesized products showed a broad range of antibacterial activity. The addition of an arylazo unit at the chromene‐C6 position significantly improved the antibacterial activity, while the impact of adding an arylazo group at the thiazole‐C5 position varied based on the electronic characteristics of the para‐substituted arene unit. Generally, series that is linked to two arylazo units, one at chromene‐C6 and the other at thiazole‐C5, showed the best activity. Some new hybrids showed effective antibacterial activity than ciprofloxacin with MIC/MBC values up to 1.9/3.9 μM against S. aureus and E. coli. Additionally, they demonstrated better effectiveness against MRSA ATCC:33591 and ATCC:43300 compared to linezolid, with MIC/MBC values up to 4.0/16.1 and 3.9/15.6 μM, respectively. The data predicted for the physicochemical properties, lipophilicity, pharmacokinetics, and drug‐likeness of new arylazo‐based chromene‐thiazole hybrids evaluated by SwissADME. As a result of the above, products that are linked to two arylazo units can be considered drug‐like scaffolds.
Impact of microwave and germination on physicochemical properties, functional properties, and solubility of black rice powder
Authors: Zhang Yucui , Liu Tengnu , Zhang Xinxia , Li Ting , Wang Li
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives

Black rice is limited due to factors such as low solubility, difficulty to disperse, and high viscosity. The aim of the study is to overcome these shortcomings and improve their practicability in various industrial applications. The effects of germination and microwave on the physicochemical properties, functional properties, and solubility of black rice powder were compared.

Findings

The effect of germination improved the GABA contents, increased the solubility and starch digestibility, which was consistent with the decrease in relative crystallinity and porous surface structure, and the increase in the gelatinization enthalpy. Microwave increased the solubility and starch digestibility of black rice powder. Total polyphenol content was increased by microwave compared to untreated and germinated black rice. The type of starch showed no significant effect in single and dual treatment. The combined treatment enhanced the GABA content, reduced the loss of polyphenols, anthocyanins and improved its solubility, physicochemical properties characteristics.

Conclusion

The results might help understand the mechanism of germination and microwave treatments influencing the structural properties of starches and contribute to better‐developing products based on black rice flour.

Significance and Novelty

The association treatment increased GABA content, the solubility, and nutrition of black rice flour, but reduced the digestibility of black rice flour.
Efficient and Sustainable One‐pot Synthesis of α‐Carbonyl Homoallylic Alcohols from Benzaldehyde and Allylic Alcohols Using both NHC and Nickel Catalysts
Authors: Homrani Yasmina , Mouhsine Bouchaib , Béthegnies Aurélien , El Amrani Mohamed Amin , Karim Abdallah , Suisse Isabelle , Sauthier Mathieu
Published: March 2023

α‐carbonyl homoallylic alcohols have been synthesized in a one‐pot reaction from benzaldehyde and allylic alcohols. The nickel‐catalyzed allylation of α‐hydroxyketones has first been studied and allowed the identification of Ni(cod)2/dppf as the most suitable catalytic system. The tandem reaction that combines the benzoin condensation of aldehydes (synthesis of α‐hydroxyketones) promoted by the 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium chloride/DBU system and the nickel‐catalyzed allylic alkylation with allylic alcohol has been realized in EtOH as green solvent. The reaction is 100 % atom‐economical and water is formed as sole by‐product. A broad scope of different benzaldehyde derivatives as well as various allylic alcohols is also described.
Atroposelective Nenitzescu Indole Synthesis
Authors: Thönnißen Vinzenz , Atodiresei Iuliana L. , Patureau Frederic W.
Published: March 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Frederic W. Patureau at the RWTH Aachen University. The image depicts atropoisomerism, in particular through the helix‐shaped vines in the forefront focus. This metaphorically illustrates the importance of atroposelectivity in biologically active molecules, such as in the 5‐hydroxyindoles that were accessed through the first enantioselective Nenitzescu indole synthesis. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202300279.
Synthesis and stereodynamics of intramolecular hemiacetals in biaryl aldehyde‐alcohols
Authors: Heitsch Simone , Mayer Lena Carina , Pignot Yanis Luca , Trapp Oliver
Published: March 2023

Soai's asymmetric autocatalysis represents a highly remarkable example for spontaneous symmetry breaking and enantioselective amplification in the enantioselective alkylation of pyrimidine‐5‐carbaldehydes to the corresponding chiral pyrimidine alcohols. Recently, zinc hemiacetalate complexes, formed from pyrimidine‐5‐carbaldehydes and the chiral product alcohol, were identified by in situ high‐resolution mass spectrometric measurements as highly active transient asymmetric catalysts in this autocatalytic transformation. To study the formation of such hemiacetals and their stereodynamic properties, we focused on the synthesis of coumarin homolog biaryl systems with carbaldehyde and alcohol substituents. Such systems are able to form hemiacetals by intramolecular cyclization. An interesting feature of the substituted biaryl backbone is that tropos and atropos systems can be obtained, enabling or disabling the intramolecular cyclization to hemiacetals. Biaryl structures with various functional groups were synthesized, and the equilibrium and stereodynamics between the closed and open structures were investigated by dynamic enantioselective HPLC (DHPLC). The enantiomerization barriers ΔGǂ and activation parameters ΔHǂ and ΔSǂ were determined from temperature dependent kinetic measurements.
Safety and effectiveness of dupilumab in the real‐world treatment of atopic dermatitis in Japan: 1‐year interim analysis from a post‐marketing surveillance
Authors: Saeki Hidehisa , Fujita Hiroyuki , Suzuki Katsuhisa , Arima Kazuhiko
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder in Japan. Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, targets a shared subunit of the interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐13 receptors. Post‐marketing surveillance of the safety and effectiveness of dupilumab in adult AD patients was conducted in Japan, where the drug is also allowed for use in older adolescents (i.e., ≥15 years), and interim results are reported here.

Methods

This observational, multicenter study enrolled Japanese patients with AD who initiated dupilumab between July 2018–June 2020 (UMIN‐CTR Trials Registry: UMIN000032807). Baseline demographics, clinical history, medication data and dupilumab safety and effectiveness data were collected.

Results

By the data cut‐off date of March 26, 2021, information from 600 patients has been collected. All the available safety and 1‐year effectiveness data are presented. The mean (standard deviation) age was 42.0 (15.9) years, the majority (69.1%) were male, and asthma was present in 12.2%. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were observed in 98 patients (16.4%), including conjunctivitis (n = 40; 6.7%), conjunctivitis allergic (n = 30; 5.0%), blepharitis (n = 5; 0.8%), headache and eye pruritus (n = 4; 0.7% each) and eosinophilia (n = 3; 0.5%). Six patients experienced asthma, all of whom had a history of, or concurrent, asthma. Disease severity improved remarkably at 4 months in most patients, which was maintained up to 1 year.

Conclusion

Dupilumab appears to be a safe and effective treatment for patients aged ≥15 years with moderate‐to‐severe AD in routine clinical practice in Japan. Dupilumab was well tolerated, with no new safety signals and no new‐onset asthma.
First blood: An efficient, hybrid one‐ and zero‐dimensional, modular hemodynamic solver
Authors: Wéber Richárd , Gyürki Dániel , Paál György
Published: March 2023

Low‐dimensional (1D or 0D) models can describe the whole human blood circulation, for example, 1D distributed parameter model for the arterial network and 0D concentrated models for the heart or other organs. This paper presents a combined 1D‐0D solver, called first_blood, that solves the governing equations of fluid dynamics to model low‐dimensional hemodynamic effects. An extended method of characteristics is applied here to solve the momentum, and mass conservation equations and the viscoelastic wall model equation, mimicking the material properties of arterial walls. The heart and the peripheral lumped models are solved with a general zero‐dimensional (0D) nonlinear solver. The model topology can be modular, that is, first_blood can solve any 1D‐0D hemodynamic model. To demonstrate the applicability of first_blood, the human arterial system, the heart and the peripherals are modelled using the solver. The simulation time of a heartbeat takes around 2 s, that is, first_blood requires only twice the real‐time for the simulation using an average PC, which highlights the computational efficiency. The source code is available on GitHub, that is, it is open source. The model parameters are based on the literature suggestions and on the validation of output data to obtain physiologically relevant results.
Structural Analysis of Phase Change Materials (PCMs)/Expanded Graphite (EG) Composites and Their Thermal Behavior under Hot and Humid Conditions
Authors: Yang Kai , Zhang Xiuling , Venkataraman Mohanapriya , Wiener Jakub , Palanisamy Sundaramoorthy , Sozcu Sebnem , Tan Xiaodong , Kremenakova Dana , Zhu Guocheng , Yao Juming , Militky Jiri
Published: March 2023

Expanded graphite (EG) has been used to store phase change materials (PCM) to enhance thermal conductivity and avoid leakage. However, systematic investigation on physical structure of various embedded PCMs in EG is not reported. Besides, the effect of environment on thermal behavior of PCM/EG composites has not been investigated yet. In this work, three common PCMs (including myristic acid (MA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and paraffin wax (PW)) were embedded in EG and three PCM/EG composites were obtained. As a result, capillary force between EG and PCMs supported encapsulation of PCMs in EG. PCM/EG composites had narrower phase change range while supercooling degree values were different when various PCMs were used. Besides, the hot and humid environment had a side effect on thermal energy storage of PCMs and PCM/EG composites. The inherent hydrophilicity of PCMs was essential for resistance against side effect of moisture on thermal energy storage.
Naturally derived cytokine peptides limit virus replication and severe disease during influenza A virus infection
Authors: Harpur Christopher M , West Alison C , Le Page Mélanie A , Lam Maggie , Hodges Christopher , Oseghale Osezua , Gearing Andrew J , Tate Michelle D
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Novel host‐targeted therapeutics could treat severe influenza A virus (IAV) infections, with reduced risk of drug resistance. LAT8881 is a synthetic form of the naturally occurring C‐terminal fragment of human growth hormone. Acting independently of the growth hormone receptor, it can reduce inflammation‐induced damage and promote tissue repair in an animal model of osteoarthritis. LAT8881 has been assessed in clinical trials for the treatment of obesity and neuropathy and has an excellent safety profile. We investigated the potential for LAT8881, its metabolite LAT9991F and LAT7771 derived from prolactin, a growth hormone structural homologue, to treat severe IAV infection.

Methods

LAT8881, LAT9991F and LAT7771 were evaluated for their effects on cell viability and IAV replication in vitro, as well as their potential to limit disease in a preclinical mouse model of severe IAV infection.

Results

In vitro LAT8881 treatment enhanced cell viability, particularly in the presence of cytotoxic stress, which was countered by siRNA inhibition of host lanthionine synthetase C‐like proteins. Daily intranasal treatment of mice with LAT8881 or LAT9991F, but not LAT7771, from day 1 postinfection significantly improved influenza disease resistance, which was associated with reduced infectious viral loads, reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokines and increased abundance of protective alveolar macrophages. LAT8881 treatment in combination with the antiviral oseltamivir phosphate led to more pronounced reduction in markers of disease severity than treatment with either compound alone.

Conclusion

These studies provide the first evidence identifying LAT8881 and LAT9991F as novel host‐protective therapies that improve survival, limit viral replication, reduce local inflammation and curtail tissue damage during severe IAV infection. Evaluation of LAT8881 and LAT9991F in other infectious and inflammatory conditions of the airways is warranted.
Aberrant modular segregation of brain networks in female patients with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Lan Zhihui , Zhu Lin‐lin , Wu Yan‐kun , Yang Jing‐jing , Li Ji‐tao , Zeng Ya‐wei , Li Ke , Kong Qing‐mei , Su Yun‐Ai , Si Tianmei
Published: March 2023

Objective

Bulimia nervosa (BN) is an eating disorder associated with the dysfunction of intrinsic brain networks. However, whether the network disruptions in BN patients manifest as dysconnectivity or imbalances of network modular segregation remains unclear.

Method

We collected data from 41 women with BN and 41 matched healthy control (HC) women. We performed graph theory analysis based on resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐fMRI) data; then, we computed the participation coefficient (PC) among brain modules to characterize the modular segregation for the BN and HC groups. The number of intra‐ and inter‐modular connections was calculated to explain the PC changes. Additionally, we examined the potential associations of the measures mentioned above with clinical variables within the BN group.

Results

Compared with the HC group, the BN group showed significantly decreased PC in the fronto‐parietal network (FPN), cingulo‐opercular network (CON), and cerebellum (Cere). Additionally, the number of intra‐modular connections of the default mode network (DMN) and the number of the inter‐modular connections between the DMN and CON, FPN and Cere, and CON and Cere in the BN group were lower than those in the HC group. The nodal level analysis showed that the BN group had a decreased PC of the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC), dorsal frontal cortex (dFC), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), thalamus, and angular gyrus. Further, these metrics were significantly correlated with clinical variables in the BN group.

Discussion

These findings may provide novel insights to capture atypical topologies associated with pathophysiology mechanisms and clinical symptoms underlying BN.
Autumn migration tracks of Helopsaltes grasshopper‐warblers from Northeast Asia support recent taxonomic assignments
Authors: Sleptsov Yuri , Ktitorov Pavel , Round Philip D. , Heim Wieland
Published: March 2023

Migration strategies are genetically inherited in most songbirds, and closely related species can exhibit markedly contrasting migration programs. Here, we investigate the autumn migration of one Helopsaltes grasshopper‐warbler from a population near Magadan, North East Russia, based on light‐level geolocation. Although often considered to belong to Middendorff's Grasshopper‐warbler H. ochotensis, recent genetic studies suggest that birds from this population are more closely related to Pallas's Grasshopper‐warbler H. certhiola. We compare the migratory behavior of the Magadan bird with two Pallas's Grasshopper‐warblers tracked from populations in the Kolyma River valley and the Amur region, Russia. We found similar migration patterns in all three tracked individuals, with stopover sites in eastern China and wintering sites in mainland Southeast Asia, within the known range for Pallas's Grasshopper‐warbler. Furthermore, based on morphological data compiled during bird ringing, we were able to confirm the presence of potential “Magadan grasshopper‐warblers” during spring and autumn migration in Thailand. Our scant data provide further evidence that Magadan Helopsaltes, notwithstanding their morphological resemblance to Middendorff's Grasshopper‐warbler, constitute a population of Pallas's Grasshopper‐warbler.
Carbon and Li3BO3 Co‐Modified SiOx as Anode for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Su Mingru , Song Yu , Cai Liangqiang , Gao Tian , Zhou Yu , Dou Aichun , Hou Xiaochuan , Liu Yunjian
Published: March 2023

SiOx‐based anode material has emerged as one of the most promising candidates for graphite. However, poor electronic conductivity and relatively large volume effect hinder its practical application as anode lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a co‐modification approach using carbon and lithium borate hybrid coating simultaneously, is introduced to rationally exploit and improve the electronic and ionic conductivity of SiOx. When applied as anodes for LIBs, the SiOx@C@Li3BO3 sample exhibits superior cycling performance (81% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1). The enhanced electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the synergetic contribution of carbon and Li3BO3, which effectively accommodates the large volume change and improves the interfacial stability of SiOx@C@Li3BO3 during the lithiation/delithiation process. Herein, a versatile design strategy for alloy‐type anode materials is furnished.
Objective measurement of Spanish emotion vocabulary
Authors: Delgado Ana R. , Prieto Gerardo , Pérez‐Sánchez Jennifer , Calero Alejandra D. , Burin Débora I.
Published: March 2023

Current research on emotion knowledge and competence emphasises the role of language. Emotion vocabulary is one of the indicators of emotion knowledge that can be objectively measured; however, the metric properties of the scores obtained in tests and tasks to measure it have seldom been adequate. In this study we designed and validated a Spanish emotion vocabulary test (MOVE) employing a corpus approach to construct cloze multiple‐choice items, administered the test to a Spanish‐speaking sample from two countries, Spain and Argentina, and analysed structural validity of the test items with the Rasch model measurement approach. Eighty‐eight items showed adequate fit. Overall, a substantial percentage of variance was explained by a latent variable. Reliability indexes at the test, item, and person level were also adequate. As a vocabulary test, the MOVE can be used in psychological and neurological investigation, as well as in language learning research.
Generalized contextual control based on nonarbitrary and arbitrary transfer of stimulus functions
Authors: Perez William F. , Harte Colin , Barnes‐Holmes Dermot , Gomes Cainã T. , Mohor Bárbara , de Rose Júlio C.
Published: March 2023

Two experiments with human adults investigated the extent to which the transfer of function in accordance with nonarbitrary versus arbitrary stimulus relations may be brought under contextual control. Experiment 1 comprised four phases. Phase 1 consisted of multiple‐exemplar training to establish discriminative functions for solid, dashed, or dotted lines. Phase 2 trained and tested two equivalence classes, each containing a 3D picture, a solid, a dashed, and a dotted form. During Phase 3, a discriminative function was established for each 3D picture. Phase 4 presented the solid, dashed, and dotted stimuli in two different frames, black or gray. The black frame cued function transfer based on nonarbitrary stimulus relations (Frame Physical); the gray frame cued function transfer based on equivalence relations (Frame Arbitrary). Testing and training with the frames was continued until contextual control was established; subsequently contextual control was demonstrated with novel equivalence classes with stimuli composed of the same forms. Experiment 2 replicated and extended Experiment 1 by demonstrating that such contextual control generalized to novel equivalence classes comprising novel forms and responses. The potential implications of the findings for developing increasingly precise experimental analyses of clinically relevant phenomena are considered (e.g., defusion).
Pregnant Latinas' perspectives on pursuing expanded carrier screening: “It is better to know than not”
Authors: Tedross Melodie , Wang Haocen , Heigl‐Maza Claire , Russell Rebecca , Young Christine , Kramer Justin , Martinez Denise , Chen Wei‐Ju , Robbins‐Furman Patricia , Page Robin , Montalvo‐Liendo Nora , Chen Lei‐Shih
Published: March 2023

With the advance of genetic technologies, the use of expanded carrier screening (ECS) in the prenatal setting is growing. ECS tests for a wide range of inherited genetic disorders regardless of racial/ethnic background and family history. Latinxs are an important ECS stakeholder group as they are the largest minority group with the highest fertility rate in the United States. Yet, the Latinx population has, to date, been underrepresented and understudied in genetics/genomics research. We conducted a study to explore the knowledge and perspectives of pregnant Latinas regarding ECS in which descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyze the data. Thirty‐two pregnant Latinas – mostly of low educational levels (no education beyond high school) and with less than $20,000 annual household income living in rural areas were surveyed, provided with education about ECS, and interviewed. Participants were found to possess limited knowledge about ECS prior to being interviewed. Most (68.8%), however, expressed interest in pursuing ECS following the educational component that explained ECS. Their interest was mainly driven by the desire to know their baby's chance of developing a genetic disorder, the low risk of ECS procedures for both pregnant Latinas and their fetus, and the opportunity to better prepare for raising a child with a genetic condition. Our findings contribute to the limited research in the genetics/genomics field by providing in‐depth insights into the perspectives of pregnant Latinas regarding ECS. Obstetric providers and genetic counselors should provide culturally appropriate education and counseling to empower pregnant Latinas to make informed decisions about the use of ECS.
The identification and phylogenetic analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 delta variants in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Li‐Teh , Tsai Jih‐Jin , Chu Justin Jang Hann , Chen Chun‐Hong , Chen Liang‐Jen , Lin Ping‐Chang , Tsai Ching‐Yi , Hsu Miao‐Chen , Chuang Wan‐Long , Hwang Shang‐Jyh , Chong Inn‐Wen
Published: March 2023

In Taiwan, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) involving the delta variant occurred after that involving the alpha variant in 2021. In this study, we aimed to analyze the Delta variant. A total of 318 patients in Taiwan infected with delta variants were identified. The case fatality rate (CFR) of patients infected with delta variants was 0.94% in Taiwan compared with that of those infected with alpha variants (5.95%). The possible reasons for the low CFR might be hybrid immunity due to infection and rapid promotion of the COVID‐19 vaccination program during the alpha variant outbreak. We identified three 21J delta variants. Two long gene deletions were detected in these severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) isolates: ORF7aΔ91 in KMUH‐8 and SpikeΔ30 in KMUH‐9. Protein structure prediction indicates that ORF7aΔ91 results in malfunction of NS7a as an interferon antagonist and that SpikeΔ30 results in a truncated spike protein (N679–A688del), resulting in a lower infection rate compared with the delta variant without these deletions. The impact of these two deletions on SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated pathogenesis deserves further investigation. Delta variants still exist in many regions in the omicron era, and the backbone of the delta variant genome possibly spread worldwide in the form of delta‐omicron hybrids (deltacron; e.g., XBC.1 and XAY.2), which casts a potential threat to public health. Our study further highlighted the importance of more understanding of the delta variants.
LEVERAGE “EXPERIENTIAL INTELLIGENCE” TO TRANSFORM YOUR ORGANIZATION
Authors: Kaplan Soren
Published: March 2023

The author goes beyond IQ (intelligence quotient) and Emotional Intelligence (EQ) to introduce “Experiential Intelligence, or XQ.” For all three qualities, which complement each other, he provides a chart regarding focus, definition, and scope. He defines XQ as “the combination of mindsets, abilities, and know‐how gained from your unique life experience.” It has three components, which in his words are mindsets (“Attitudes and beliefs about oneself, other people, and the world”), abilities (“Competencies that help integrate knowledge, skills and experiences to respond to situations in the most effective way possible”), and know‐how (“Knowledge and skills”). He describes seven “opportunities to surface and leverage Experiential Intelligence for teams and organizations,” which in his words are (1) Hire outside the box (2) Unlock peak performers (3) Retool Performance Evaluations (4) Amplify Diversity (5) Drive Innovation (6) Scale Best Practices (7) Reinvent Culture. For instance, with point 4, “Build teams and organizations that include a breadth of experiences to ensure that diverse and complementary mindsets, abilities, and know‐how are fully appreciated and optimized.” And in point 7, “Reframe failings as learning opportunities to identify specific mindsets, abilities, and know‐how gained from challenges that can be applied for future success by individuals, teams, and the organization itself.”
DETERMINING LEADERSHIP POTENTIAL FOR THE ORGANIZATIONS OF TOMORROW
Authors: Janson Kimberly
Published: March 2023

The author notes that with all of the effort and resources spent on leadership development in all sectors, there are still too many poor leaders. She believes that “we are often choosing the wrong person to put into leadership roles.” In answering what has contributed to why we are ineffective in identifying potential strong leaders, she offers six points, which in her words are (1) Lack of acumen (2) Time (3) Confusion (4) Variation (5) Tools (6) Haven’t seen great examples. She discusses three separate research efforts she has conducted in recent years, which in her words were: a qualitative case study of one industry; a qualitative survey‐based global study of nearly 600 leaders, and a deep dive qualitative study with Chief Executive Officers/CEOs from more than 50 companies. She describes in depth The Leadership Blueprint, which is a “simple framework constructed after a meta‐analysis of all the thought leadership over the last 50 years and a deep examination of the practical experience of determining leadership potential in organizations.” It focuses on critical thresholds, which in her words are intelligence and personality; learning agility and motivation; and the “actual skills of leadership and functional acumen.”
Stability of the 3D Boussinesq equations with partial dissipation near the hydrostatic balance
Authors: Jiang Liya , Wei Youhua , Yang Kaige
Published: March 2023

The Boussinesq equations with partial or fractional dissipation not only naturally generalize the classical Boussinesq equations but also are physically relevant and mathematically important. Unfortunately, it is not often well‐understood for many ranges of fractional powers. This paper focuses on a system of the 3D Boussinesq equations with fractional horizontal
and
dissipation and proves that if the initial data (
) in the Sobolev space
are close enough to the hydrostatic balance state, respectively, the equations with
then always lead to a steady solution.