bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Total Quality Management pada SMP Islam Athirah 1 Kajaolalido Kota Makassar
Authors: Amri Haerul , Bundu Patta
Published: June 2022

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) at SMP Islam Athirah 1 Kajaolalido in Makassar city on aspects of the plan, implementation, and achievement. The study is a qualitative approach with an evaluation type. The subjects of the study were the director, the principal, and the teacher of SMP Islam Athirah 1 Kajaolalido in Makassar city. Data were collected by employing interview, observation, and documentation. Based on the evaluation being implemented, the assessors concluded that: 1) in arranging the plan, SMP Islam Athirah 1 Kajaolalido in Makassar city had implemented TQM characteristics; 2) in the implementation aspect, SMP Islam Athirah 1 Kajaolalido in Makassar city had implemented TQM characteristics as well basically; 3) in achievement aspect, SMP Islam Athirah 1 Kajaolalido in Makassar city had achieved the objectives of the implementation of TQM. It can be seen from various academic and non-academic achievements obtain by the students. Moreover, the level of satisfaction from the parents as the external customers has also improved. However, teachers as the internal customers have yet to obtained significant impact from the implementation of TQM in SMP Islam Athirah 1 Kajaolalido in Makassar city.
Uso de disciplina violenta na infância
Authors: Sinhorinho Silvana Martinho , Moura Anna Tereza Miranda Soares de
Published: June 2022

Introdução: A reflexão sobre violência familiar contra a criança ganhou destaque internacional nas últimas décadas, acompanhada de políticas para a abolição de atos de disciplina violenta, que ainda permanecem aceitos socialmente e são utilizados por muitos responsáveis. Objetivo: Conhecer as percepções e práticas no âmbito da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) relacionadas à orientação sobre métodos de disciplina em duas unidades no município do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: Foram abordados 38 profissionais que atuam no atendimento cotidiano às crianças. Procedeu-se à análise de conteúdo dos relatos obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e os dados foram organizados nas categorias: “percepção dos profissionais da ESF sobre disciplina infantil” e “práticas sobre disciplina na infância: existem oportunidades de promoção na ESF?” Resultados: Parece ainda não existir abordagem rotineira sobre disciplina infantil em nenhuma das clínicas estudadas, nem são realizadas atividades direcionadas à prevenção de maus-tratos. Os profissionais relacionaram suas experiências pessoais (vivenciadas na própria infância e com seus filhos) com as ações realizadas em sua prática cotidiana. Conclusões: Os relatos sugerem que a abordagem do castigo corporal permanece encoberta nas consultas de puericultura, com perdas de oportunidades de apoio aos pais e de promoção de vínculos familiares positivos. Com base em mudanças significativas na percepção sobre o que se considera violência, os profissionais possam ressignificar suas crenças, ampliando suas ações sobre o tema.
Neuroenhancement
Authors: Heinrichs Jan-Hendrik , Rüther Markus , Stake Mandy , Ihde Julia
Published: June 2022

Neuroenhancement concerns the improvement of a person’s mental properties, abilities, and performance. The various techniques of neuroenhancement offer new opportunities of such improvement, but also come with substantive perils. Neuroenhancement thus involves significant normative challenges for individual persons as well as for society as a whole. This expert report provides a concise overview of the contemporary debate on neuroenhancement. It discusses the definition, techniques and targets of neuroenhancement and examines arguments for and against it at the level of individual persons, social interaction, and social policy.
Der heilige Bund der Freiheit
Authors: Schulz-Nieswandt Frank
Published: June 2022

The post-metaphysical theory of deliberative democracy based on the rationality of communicative discourses and on the non-discriminative reciprocity of appreciation by modern critical social theory is characterised by a deep gap in its social and ontological foundations. This analysis argues that the idea of the social state of law must include the transcendental notion of the secular sacredness of the inherent dignity of personhood as a non-contractual precondition of the modern society of diversity. The common welfare of social freedom does not function sufficiently through the formal mechanisms of the democratic openness of communicative discourses but needs a holy covenant.
Multilingualism in Algeria: educational policies, language practices and challenges
Authors: Rouabah Siham
Published: June 2022

Recent language policy developments in Algeria have attempted to promote multilingualism through encouraging foreign languages (French and English), acknowledging Tamazight as an official language and incorporating it into some regional schools. However, the competition between the official languages and the �foreign� ones even in educational settings continues to (re-)shape the sociolinguistic profile of the public domain. This paper discusses these language policies, how they are reflected through language practices inside and outside the classroom, the challenges facing multilingualism, and the politics behind it. The analysis highlights the link between language practices and the lack of social justice and equal access to resources and power. Informed by onsite fieldwork, including questionnaires, interviews, and ethnographic observations, the study discusses the wide division of opinion in relation to these ideologically driven policies and socially constructed practices due to their connection to issues of identity, nationalism, (de-)colonialism, and globalisation.
Considerações acerca do papel das políticas educacionais de acesso ao ensino superior na migração internacional de brasileiros
Authors: Oliveira Ariel Pereira da Silva , Antonello Ideni Terezinha
Published: June 2022

A migração de brasileiros, que deixam seu país à procura de melhores condições de vida, vem mostrando que a necessidade de inserção no mundo do trabalho não é o único fator que influencia essa tomada de decisão. Nos últimos anos passou-se a vislumbrar com maior nitidez casos onde a motivação foi a forma como as políticas educacionais foram historicamente estruturadas no Brasil e é com o intuito de contribuir para com esse debate que apresentamos o presente artigo, que tem como objetivo principal discutir a migração de brasileiros, para nações latino-americanas, por conta da das políticas educacionais de acesso à universidade que atuam como fator de expulsão. Este trabalho foi construído a partir da leitura de referencial bibliográfico referente à temática e entrevistas com brasileiros que imigraram para Rosário, na província argentina de Santa Fé para estudar medicina na Universidade Nacional de Rosário. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram que a forma como as políticas educacionais estão organizadas no Brasil contribui para a manutenção da desigualdade social e elitização das universidades e que a migração foi para os entrevistados a única forma de ter acesso a um ensino de qualidade em uma universidade pública, de forma gratuita e sem processos seletivos excludentes já que na Argentina a educação, desde o nível básico até o superior, é tratado como um direito humano inerente a todos, inclusive estrangeiros.
Entre maçãs, cestos e pomares: padrões de desvio de conduta que ensejam a exclusão do policial militar
Authors: Gurgel Rafael Laidens , Costa Diego Teixeira , Oliveira Luiz Augusto Vieira de
Published: June 2022

Os desvios de conduta que ensejam a exclusão do policial militar devem ser considerados como estratégicos. Pois, além de macular a imagem da corporação e tender à uma possível sistematização, minam a efetividade operacional. O trabalho logrou em descobrir que mais da metade das exclusões são decorrentes de infrações com dano considerado predatório, tendentes à sistematização e interação com demais estruturas públicas e privadas. Foi realizado análise de risco de tais condutas corruptivas, identificando e categorizando as Unidades. Outrossim, foi feito a identificação em rede, apresentando o risco e influência de cada Unidade nas demais, com base no histórico de movimentações do policial excluído; os resultados sugerem que as Unidades tendem à homofilia e as métricas de rede podem ser utilizadas subsidiariamente na avaliação de risco.
Obesidade e sedentarismo na atividade policial militar: avaliação do impacto e propostas de combate
Authors: Menezes Andrea Trindade Alves de , Colombo Daniela Angelina , Correa Elenice Regina da Silva , Santos Maurício Marreiros Magacho dos , Justo Maurício Machado Garcia
Published: June 2022

A obesidade e o sedentarismo são problemas globais de saúde pública, segundo estatísticas da Organização Mundial de saúde. Estudos demonstram prevalências ainda maiores destas condições em policiais militares. O presente estudo avaliou trinta e seis policiais militares, de ambos os sexos, que atuam em atividades operacionais, lotados no vigésimo sexto batalhão de Polícia Militar do Rio de Janeiro (PMERJ). O objetivo foi identificar o impacto da obesidade e do sedentarismo no condicionamento físico e, por conseguinte, no exercício da atividade-fim policial militar, e propor medidas de enfrentamento destas condições na corporação, para promoção da saúde e melhora do desempenho funcional da tropa. Os policiais foram submetidos a avaliação antropométrica, com aferição do percentual de gordura corporal, do índice de massa corporal (IMC) e da relação cintura quadril (RCQ), a um questionário sobre prática de atividades físicas e ao teste de Cooper. Foram encontradas altas prevalências de excesso de peso (77,7%), sedentarismo (44,4%) e inaptidão aeróbica (58,3%). Os resultados obtidos verificaram que os principais preditores de desempenho no teste de Cooper foram o sedentarismo e o percentual de gordura corporal, estimado através de índice de Pollock. O IMC e a RCQ, não apresentaram associação relevante com a aptidão aeróbica na amostra estudada. Para mudanças nesse cenário, propõe-se avaliações médica e de aptidão física periódicas, para identificação dos policiais em situação de risco, ampliação da abrangência dos programas de treinamento físico e promoção à saúde da PMERJ e medidas de incentivo à participação da tropa.
Digital marketing in public institutions of culture and art in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Savić Danijel , Popović-Šević Nevenka
Published: June 2022

Social networks represent an indispensable aspect of digital marketing in modern business. Institutions of culture and art face daily challenges in order to offer the audience interesting content, which is the core of communication and promotion on digital platforms. Presence and activity on social networks have a positive impact on business, through quality content and direct communication with the audience, providing opportunities for improvement of business and attraction of new visitors. The aim of this paper is the investigation of the importance of digital marketing in the business environment of institutions of culture and art in the Republic of Serbia, with an emphasis on the institutions of culture and art of national importance, which were the subject of the analysis. Consulting the relevant literature enabled the presentation and definition of the theoretical framework of important concepts, in order to facilitate the understanding of the central part of the research. Based on the collected data and the insight into the current situation of accounts on social networks, the results that are offered show that Facebook, Instagram and YouTube are the most represented platforms in our country and as such, they are suitable starting points for forming a strategy of appearance on social networks, with the aim of increasing the number of followers and expanding potential visitors of cultural and artistic content. Clear formation of digital marketing strategy and determination in the application of its instruments is an area that provides an opportunity to improve business activities, with continuous education and training of marketing staff and expanding their competencies.
Arthur Byne, Mildred Stapley, José Costa y el Patio de la Casa Ayamans (Palma de Mallorca): detalles de un despojo artístico en el contexto de la promoción turística balear
Authors: Merino de Cáceres José Miguel , Martínez Ruiz María José
Published: June 2022

Entre el nutrido conjunto de bienes artísticos que Arthur Byne y Mildred Stapley adquirieron y exportaron desde España con destino a Estados Unidos, durante los años veinte y treinta del siglo XX, se encontraba el patio de la casa del conde de Ayamans (Palma de Mallorca). Nuevos datos permiten ilustrar esta operación que tenía como principal objetivo satisfacer las demandas de su principal cliente: el magnate de la comunicación W. R. Hearst. El negocio fue desarrollado gracias a José Costa Ferrer, conocido en su faceta de dibujante como «Picarol», quien dotó a Mallorca del primer negocio estable dedicado al comercio internacional de arte y antigüedades; fue quien puso en manos de Byne el valioso conjunto. El estudio de la correspondencia entre José Costa y Arthur Byne ofrece pistas sobre el carácter de esta transacción que terminó con el traslado a EE.UU. del bello patio; pero también sobre la estrecha relación que en esos años se tejió entre el estudio de arte, el mercado de antigüedades y la promoción turística y cultural. Prueba de ello, los homenajes que los Byne recibieron por tal labor.
Determinanty i zróżnicowanie aktywności społeczno-kulturowej polskich organizacji w Niemczech na przykładzie Berlina i Hamburga = Determinants and diversification of socio-cultural activity among Polish migrants as exemplified by those in Berlin and Hamburg
Authors: Szmytkowska Magdalena , Studzińska Dominika
Published: June 2022

Scientific studies do much to embrace the issue of social activity among immigrants, as well as their participation in projects of various types, in both institutional and non-institutional dimensions. Nevertheless, research into the activity of the Polish community in German cities has only rarely been undertaken. In this context, the studies carried out by the authors are of importance as they make clear an intensification of social activity among Polish immigrants in Berlin and Hamburg. An influx of new migrants, attracted to Germany not only by relevant economic motivations, but also by a perceived need for of self-development and greater acquaintanceship with new communities in place, tends to allow German institutions to take more interest in immigrant groups, while also sustaining activity within newly-created networks of immigrant organisations. The consequences of all that are for the social and cultural activity engaged in within the Polish community in the cities to become more and more visible and diverse. Although it is relatively new for these behaviours to assume such a large scale, the observed intensity and spatial scope may sustain the conclusion that even the near-future will bring a significant increase in visibility for the Polish community vis-à-vis both German citizens and immigrant groups. Specifically, the work detailed in the present paper has mainly sought to identify socio- cultural activity among the Polish migrants present in both Berlin and Hamburg. This involved the authors in efforts to ascertain: (1) factors determining the socio-cultural activity of Polish communities in the cities studied; (2) any noticeable differences between Berlin and Hamburg when it comes to the social activity undertaken by Polish migrants; (3) the directions of development that characterise the institutional and non-institutional activity of the Polish community present in the cities in question (which were selected in line with the high concentrations of Polish communities in both, as well as differences in periods of influx and of a socio-cultural and economic nature).
Semantic relatedness retroactively boosts memory and promotes memory interdependence across episodes
Authors: Antony James W , Romero America , Vierra Anthony H , Luenser Rebecca S , Hawkins Robert D , Bennion Kelly A
Published: June 2022

Two fundamental issues in memory research concern when later experiences strengthen or weaken initial memories and when the two memories become linked or remain independent. A promising candidate for explaining these issues is semantic relatedness. Here, across five paired-associate learning experiments (N=1000), we systematically varied the semantic relatedness between initial and later cues, initial and later targets, or both. We found that learning retroactively benefited long-term memory performance for semantically related words (vs. unshown control words), and these benefits increased as a function of relatedness. Critically, memory dependence between initial and later pairs also increased with relatedness, suggesting that pre-existing semantic relationships promote interdependence for memories formed across episodes. We also found that modest retroactive benefits, but not interdependencies, emerged when subjects learned via studying rather than practice testing. These findings demonstrate that semantic relatedness during new learning retroactively strengthens old associations while scaffolding new ones into well-fortified memory traces.
El poder social extraño en Marx: de la alienación al fetichismo de la mercancía
Authors: Rodríguez Muñoz Juan Pablo
Published: June 2022

Mi propósito es repensar el sentido, la importancia y la relación entre la alienación y el fetichismo de la mercancía (FM) en Marx. Ambas son reconstruidas y analizadas en tanto que integran la macrocategoría poder social extraño. Mi tesis sostiene que esta permite advertir la continuidad matizada entre la alienación y el FM, y que ambas son centrales en Marx porque constituyen el problema guía que articula al joven y al maduro Marx.
Delito, pena y reconciliación en perspectiva sistemática: Hegel y el derecho del delincuente
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Campos Cabrera Bruno
Published: June 2022

El siguiente artículo investigará la naturaleza ética de la teoría del derecho penal de Hegel en la Rechtphilosophie de 1821 y en el marco más general de su sistema. Una lectura prematura del Derecho Abstracto puede sugerir que la posición de Hegel ante el derecho penal es la de un retributivista en tanto desde el punto de vista del derecho “la cancelación [Aufhebung] del delito es una compensación” (§101), vale decir, que la pena que se le atribuye al criminal tiene como finalidad restablecer la norma del derecho que ha sido violada. Ahora bien, podemos observar que, si bien Hegel es partidario de que el castigo reestablezca la universalidad que es el derecho (§99), ello no agota las implicancias éticas de su teoría penal. Propongo examinar, sistemáticamente su teoría del derecho y esto no solo considerando el tratamiento abstracto, arbitrario o inclusive pobre (Brooks, 2017) que caracteriza al derecho en este primer momento del espíritu objetivo, por no todavía en el entramado de las otras relaciones éticas en las que están inmersos los conflictos penales. En el primer apartado realizaré un análisis del derecho abstracto, en específico cómo es que la pena es un derecho del delincuente que le honra o reconoce como un ser racional (§100). En el segundo apartado profundizaré en que la pena para Hegel es un derecho del delincuente a ser juzgado y reconocido como ser racional. Finalmente, en la última sección abordaré la relación entre la eticidad, el derecho y la reconciliación en el contexto sistemático en la sustancia ética, donde la lesión o pena que afecta al delincuente no es mera coacción, sino su derecho a reincorporarse a la comunidad espiritual a través de la reconciliación.
Effect of Standardised Virtual Communication on Anxiety in Relatives of Patients with COVID-19 Infection in Central Gujarat: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Makwana Komal , Jain Sangeeta , Ghugare Balaji , Niraj Rathod Niraj Rathod
Published: June 2022

Introduction: There are various researches for increased anxiety in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and their relatives due to separation, but most of them are observational. Audio-video communication can be employed for communication between patients in rigorous isolation and their relatives. There were few researches available about the effectiveness of video calling on anxiety in COVID-19 patient. Gujarat lags considerably behind, according to bibliometric analysis of the India-based COVID-19 publication. Thus, the authors sought to conduct present study to evaluate that how video conferencing between COVID-19 patients in isolation and their relatives, affects anxiety. Aim: To determine the effect of standardised virtual communication on anxiety levels in relatives of COVID-19 intubated patient’s. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre, Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society Medical College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, from April 2021 to July 2021. Total 283 relatives of COVID-19 patient were recruited by purposive sampling. Virtual communication unit was set up, where relatives can communicate audio-visually with their patient and caregiver with help of video calling technology. Inside Intensive Care Unit (ICU), the caregivers (intern, doctors or nurses) wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) kit handled the portable audio-visual screen and answered on behalf of the patient. The Hamilton anxiety scale was used to measure the anxiety of relatives before and after the communication. Paired t-test was used to statistically analyse the data. Level of significant p-value <0.05 was considered. Results: A total of 283 subjects with 178 males and 105 female relatives were enrolled in the study. As an effect of communication, the mild anxiety prevalence decreased from 69.71% to 46.27%, the moderate anxiety prevalence decreased from 4.93% to 3.81%, and 49.92% of relatives reported being anxiety-free after communication. Statistical analysis of the paired t-test of Hamilton anxiety score showed a drop in anxiety score after communication from 4.77±3.66 to 2.88±2.34 (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Audio-visual technology is effective as a mode of communication and counselling during a pandemic to reduce anxiety in COVID-19 victim families.
Structural Characteristics of Lightweight Ferrocement Walls with Various Types of Core Materials and Mesh Reinforcement
Authors: Shaheen Yousry B. I. , Etman Zeinab A. , Seyam Ahmed M.
Published: June 2022

This research presented the structural characteristics of lightweight ferrocement walls with various types of core materials and mesh reinforcement. Specimens were reinforced with expanded metal mesh, welded wire mesh and tenax SS30 mesh. Ten specimens having cross-sectional dimensions of (80 cm *10 cm) and height of 100 cm were cast and tested until failure. Structural behavior of studied walls in terms of; first crack load, ultimate load, service load ,ductility ratio and energy absorption were investigated in addition to crack pattern and mode of failure for all tested specimens. Theoretical study was conducted by finite element software (ABAQUS) to evaluate the experimental results and this theoretical study gave good results comparing with the experimental results. This study revealed that the ultimate load for control (CO) specimen was more than the ultimate load for the other specimens that reinforced with welded wire mesh (W), expanded metal mesh (EX) and tenax SS30 mesh (TE). In addition, using the ultimate load for one layer of expanded steel mesh (EX1) was greater than the ultimate load for specimens that reinforced with one layer of welded wire mesh (W1) and one layer tenax mesh (TE1), as well using two layers of expanded steel mesh (EX2) was greater than specimens that reinforced with two layers of welded wire mesh (W2) and two layers of tenax mesh (TE2). And it was observed that the maximum weight/ load ratio for (CO) and (W4) specimens and the minimum weight/ load ratio for (W1) specimen.
Effect of Watering Schedules on Seed Germination of Two Major Agroforestry Species Dalbergia sissoo and Gmelina arborea
Authors: Gupta Preeti , Kumar Rikesh , Malakar Ayushman
Published: June 2022

Aims: Water is an important natural resource supporting life and growth of plants heavily relies on water availability throughout its life cycle. Moisture stress is a major limiting factor in forest crops leading to unsuccessful seed germination. This study investigates the impact of moisture stress on the seed germination of two important agroforestry species Dalbergia sissoo and Gmelina arborea through manipulating watering schedules after sowing seeds.

Study Design: Two independent experiments for Dalbergia sissoo and Gmelina arborea were designed in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with six treatments and three replications for each treatment

Place of Study: Faculty of Forestry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi.

Methodology: The complete experiment was carried inside a temporary polyhouse where the experimental materials were exposed to the six different watering schedule treatments. The first irrigation for all the treatments were started at the same time. The data recorded during the experiment were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for statistical significance and difference among treatments were determined by Duncan’s Multiple range test at (P = .05) level.  

Results: Significant differences were observed among the treatments and the results show that with increasing level of moisture stress, the germination performance in both species is highly reduced both in terms of germination percentage and germination energy.

Conclusion: Daily watering to the seeds can help to achieve maximum and early seed germination as evident from data of germination energy with maximum values recorded for the treatments with daily watering schedule.
Performance of SPV 2217 Variety of Sorghum in the North-eastern dry Zone of Karnataka
Authors: Teggelli Raju G. , Thakur Vijaysingh , Ahamed Zaheer , Ali Yusuf
Published: June 2022

Most of the rabi sorghum in the country and Karnataka is cultivated under receding soil moisture conditions, which is subjected to drought at various growth stages. In this context, the growing of drought-tolerant genotypes which are adaptable to water-limited conditions is the need of the hour. With this view, front-line demonstrations were conducted to popularise the variety (SPV 2217) in the Suntnoor village of Aland taluka, Kalaburagi District. The results of front-line demonstrations indicated a higher yield (22.75 q/ha) of SPV 2217 as compared to the local variety (19.10 q/ha) due to the maintenance of greenness at physiological maturity. Due to higher yield, higher income was obtained and that led to a higher B:C ratio (2.42) as compared to the local variety (2.06). So, this improved drought-tolerant variety of sorghum can be effectively utilized by the farmers for higher productivity as compared to the local variety.
Bacterial Flora of Vegetables Collected from the Supermarket and Vegetable Market
Authors: Poonam . , Rani Asha , Saharan Ritu , Chaudhary Twinkle , Makkar Kanchan , Rani Raj , Srivastava Vivek
Published: June 2022

To prevent food borne diseases, microbiological control is very important in the food industry. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to conduct a microbiological quality assessment of fresh vegetables that were collected from several regions of Chandigarh. The purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial load and safety of vegetables presented for sale in the marketplace. Vegetable samples (tomato and capsicum) collected from two different sites (vegetables market and supermarket), were analyzed for their bacteriological contaminants following different procedures. The maximum bacterial count present in the vegetable market was compared to that of the super market. The micro biota of these vegetable samples was found to be dominated by Staphylococcus and Bacillus. Bacillus and Staphylococcus were detected in tomato and Capsicum respectively. Bacillus and Staphylococcus were included as the most abundant species and as pathogens of concern when working to improve the microbial quality of fresh vegetables. Our study demonstrated that the vegetables, sold in the vegetable market, were found to contain a higher microbial load that may represent a greater risk for human health. Hence, for many microorganisms, vegetables may act as a reservoir colonize and infect the host.
Modelling HIV/AIDS Infection Dynamics in the Presence of Interfered Interventions
Authors: Kosgei Hillary Kiprop
Published: June 2022

Mathematical models are invaluable tools for describing and understanding disease dynamics. In this study, we propose and analyse a mathematical model for HIV/AIDS in order to assess the impact of interfered interventions on the disease dynamics. The model enables us tostudy the role of treatment in the presence of interfered interventions, as a control strategy for reducing the HIV pandemic. We performed thorough qualitative analysis on the reproduction number of the model, R0. The global and local dynamics of the system are also considered,that is, we analyse the two equilibria states of the model,namely; the disease-free equilibrium and a unique disease-persistent equilibrium. The disease-free steady state is shown to be globally asymptotically stable whenever R0 < 1 and the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable whenever R0 > 1. We conducted numerical simulations to support the analytical results. The results of the model analysis indicate that interference has the effect of reducing treatment uptake and increasing the rate of drop-outs. The results have implications in the designing of policies in countries with war, economic turmoil or any other form of disturbance.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Different Intracanal Irrigants on Root Canal Treatment: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Babar Sana , Ahmed Hina , Sheikh Abubakar , Rashid Saqib , Hosein Tasleem , Mehdi Hasan
Published: June 2022

Aims: Out of many properties that an endodontic disinfecting agent should possess, the most important is that of having a wide range of antibacterial efficacy. This study has been performed to see the effect of different agents on the bacterial microflora and to see how efficient they are against them. Our study has used 3 different agents (Chlorohexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite, and Neem extract) and compared their efficacy against bacterial microflora.

Study Design: Experimental study design

Place and Duration: The study was conducted in the Department of Endodontics at Fatima Jinnah Dental College and Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from February 2020 to March 2020.

Methodology: Infected samples from individuals were collected through paper points and then allowed to be cultured and incubated on blood agar plates at 37 degrees in an incubator for 24 hours. The colonies were then identified through the gram staining procedure and grown on MHA agar to conduct the disk diffusion test for sensitivity. Individual zones of inhibition for irrigants were measured and compared against each other.

Results: A total of 36 infected samples were included in the study out of which 12 samples were irrigated with chlorohexidine, 12 with sodium hypochlorite, and 12 with neem extract. there was a statistically significant difference in mean diameters of the inhibition zone observed between the three groups for the mean inhibition zone (F=12.28, P=0.001).

Conclusion: Chlorohexidine showed greater efficacy against bacterial microflora, compared to both sodium hypochlorite and neem extract.
Survey on the Halal Goat Production System in the Province of Maguindanao, Bangsamoro (Barmm), Philippines
Authors: Undong Manan E. , Corpuz O. S.
Published: June 2022

The study was conducted to characterize the existing Halal goat production system in the province of Maguindanao and compare the farmers’ management practices with the existing Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) standards and Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) protocols in Halal goat raising. The study reveals that the respondents’ practices in goat raising at Parang, Maguindanao are not significantly different from the Japan International Cooperation Agency - Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (JICA-ARMM) goat production and management standards as well as PCAARRD Halal goat production protocol except for the location of the goat house. The study proved that farmers’ practice in goat raising has similarities with JICA and PCAARRD protocols except for some aspect such as location of the house, use of commercial and synthetic drugs in vaccination and disease treatments and feeds and feeding. The JICA protocol on housing location is different from the actual practice of farmer respondents and PCAARRD protocol. Farmers are not knowledgeable in the feeding value of combine grass-legume to the goat. Under intensive feeding management, legume-grass combination is a better option in profitable goat raising. In terms of housing, farmers do not practice standard designs such as elevated flooring, floor space requirements and required distances between flooring and ceiling and between the ground and flooring as what PCAARRD and JICA protocol recommended.
Enumeration of Bacterial Isolates from Hands of Primary and Post Primary School pupils in Amai, Delta State
Authors: Onuoha T. , Eboh O. J. , Aghanenu A. S.
Published: June 2022

The presence of bacteria on the hands of fourty (40) school pupils  from two different schools (Amai Primary and secondary School) in Amai, Delta State, was analysed. The reason was to enumerate bacteria isolated from hands of students. Swab samples were collected from hands of  pupils in both schools of 20 students each of different sex groups.  Microbiological methods was used for the isolation, enumeration and antibiotic  test of the  isolates. The results showed various isolates of Staphylococcus sp 56 (25.7%), Shigella sp 24 (9.7%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 32 (12.1%), Escherichia coli 41 (15.6%), and Enterococcus sp 36 (11.0%). Staphylococcus aureus 56 (25.3%) and Escherichia coli 41 (15.6%) were the most frequent isolates. The isolation of Shigella sp  24 (9.7%) and Enterococcus sp 36 (11.0%) is of great  importance as the isolation of these organisms showed improper  faecal wastes disposal around the  school environment and also lack of proper clean up after using the convience by the pupils. Testing these isolates to few  antibiotics, the isolates were susceptible to Pefloxacin, Gentamycin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin, while resistant to Augmentin, Amoxicillin, and Ampiclox. This study revealed that the students hands were infested with pathogens due negligence of maintenance culture. Those in charge of schools like the principal  are advised to keep soap and water  for hand washing, while parents on their part should make available hand washing facilities for their children at home since it will add economic value to the society, why Government should enact laws that will make provision of washing hand amenities in all areas compulsory for individuals.
Darkness Visible
Authors: Armit Ian , Büster Lindsey
Published: June 2022

The Sculptor’s Cave is one of the most enigmatic prehistoric sites in Britain. Excavated in the 1920s and 1970s, new analysis of the archive has revealed a complex history of funerary and ritual activity from the Late Bronze Age to the Roman Iron Age. Using innovative methods and new techniques, this volume re-examines the results of earlier excavations and places the site in its wider British and European context.
An Ode to Kodachrome
Authors: Perng Powell , Greer Kenneth E.
Published: June 2022

Importance

From its debut in 1935 until its discontinuation in 2009, Eastman Kodak Company’s Kodachrome color reversal film was a cornerstone for dermatologic teaching innovations that transformed 20th century medical education. This Special Communication examines Kodachrome’s contributions to the field of dermatology, as well as its lessons for improving inclusive representation of patients of all skin tones in 21st century dermatologic curricula.

Observations

Kodachrome’s color quality, its slide transparency format, and its broad commercial availability democratized the creation, sharing, and teaching of visual information about skin disease in the 20th century. Kodachrome’s usefulness as a complement to bedside teaching modernized medical school curricula, dermatologic conferences, and the American Board of Dermatology certifying examination, which inspired the Kodachrome-style of didactic that remains central to dermatologic training programs today. However, Kodachrome film was also the product of a prejudiced era when color film technology and photographic best practices were optimized for white skin. These biases are still evident in industry standards, photographic techniques, and the historically unjust representation of skin of color in educational resources.

Conclusions and Relevance

Kodachrome film contributed substantially to shaping 20th-century medical education; however, its legacy is a reminder that diverse and inclusive image representation in dermatologic curricula is vital to counteracting implicit biases, correcting assumptions about disease epidemiology, and providing high-quality care for patients of all skin tones. Historical biases that have harmed representations of racial and ethnic minorities in dermatologic curricula are being addressed through improvements in digital photographic technologies, photographic best practices that serve a broader range of skin tones, inclusive skin color representation in contemporary educational resources, and skin-of-color specific curriculum for learners.
Modifiers in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry – Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Bulska Ewa
Published: June 2022

The graphite atomizer is a commonly used reactor where the sample undergoes various processes, leading to the formation of several species, especially free atoms of the analyte of interest in gaseous phase. Thus atomic absorption of the cloud of atoms could be measured. The entire process, including drying, pyrolysis, and finally atomization, depends on the composition of the sample introduced into the atomizer. In graphite furnace, the sample is gradually heated according to the previously set time/temperature program, so that various components of the sample could be evaporated. The best conditions for atomic absorption measurements could be achieved when the matrix components evaporate before analyte atoms appear in the gaseous phase. The better the separation of the evaporation of matrix from the evaporation of analyte, less interference occurs during the measurement. The efficiency of the separation depends on the volatilities of both, matrix and analyte compounds. Generally speaking, the main aim of the modifiers is to provoke intended chemical reaction in order to enhance the separation of matrix and analyte, thus ensure that the atomization process is free from interferences. Commonly, an excess of reagent – modifier, is added intentionally to the sample or atomizer. It aims to transfer the analyte into the less volatile compounds and/or to transfer the matrix compounds to more volatile compounds. Moreover, properly design modification could also play its role in the interaction of the sample with graphite surface and/or unify the atomization process of analyte being present in various species.
Review on the Vibration Suppression of Cantilever Beam through Piezoelectric Materials
Authors: Song Henan , Shan Xiaobiao , Li Ruirui , Hou Chengwei
Published: June 2022

Piezoelectric vibration suppression technology (PVST) utilizes the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials to suppress the vibration of mechanisms through stress or strain. Cantilever beam, the most widely used mechanical structure, is trapped with the forced and redundant vibration while working which is the hot spot for both academia and industry. This article presents a comprehensive review of the dynamic model via three aspects. From the viewpoint of piezoelectric materials, it is most concerned about the influences of the materials, installation, and operating characteristics of the piezoelectric actuator on the performance of the actuator. Furthermore, this article summarizes and analyzes the existing control system and filtering method from the perspective of quick response and effective suppression. As a consequence, this article summarizes and analyzes the current status and problems of PVST of the cantilever beam, and points out that the PVST has the problems of small size, simplified model, and lack of experiment. It points out that PVST of cantilever beam should be developed in the direction of larger size, high precision, and engineering application. This article systematically summarizes and analyzes the research status and existing problems of PVST in cantilever beam structures for the first time.
“Water‐in‐Salt” Nonalkaline Gel Polymer Electrolytes Enable Flexible Zinc‐Air Batteries with Ultra‐Long Operating Time
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Wu Dingsheng , Huang Fenglin , Cai Yibing , Li Yonggui , Ke Huizhen , Lv Pengfei , Wei Qufu
Published: June 2022

Solid‐state zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) are regarded as one of the most promising flexible energy storage systems for wearable electronic devices beyond lithium‐ion batteries. Unfortunately, continuous water loss of electrolyte and zinc electrode corrosion severely limit service life of ZABs. Herein, a “water‐in‐salt” (WIS) nonalkaline gel polymer electrolyte with a double network (polyacrylic acid and cellulose nanofibers) is prepared in one step via UV light‐initiated free radical polymerization. The WIS electrolyte is realized by coordination interactions between zinc trifluoromethylsulfonate and acetamide and exhibits extraordinary thermodynamic stability. Benefiting from strong interactions between water and other components, the electrolyte can capture water from ambient air and realize dynamic balance of adsorption and desorption. Therefore, flexible ZAB achieves an ultra‐long cycle time of 1300 h. In addition, the gel polymer electrolyte possesses excellent adhesion property and can be tightly bonded to the electrodes without fixation measures. The fabricated sandwich‐ and cable‐type batteries adapt to complex deformations without sacrificing electrochemical performance, which demonstrates enormous potential for practical wearable applications.
Integrative Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in the Pathogenesis of Endobronchial Tuberculosis
Authors: Wang Xing , Qin Lianhua , Fang Weijun , Lin Dong , Li Xiaolong , Aramini Beatrice , Zheng Ruijuan , Fan Jiang
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to identify novel DNA methylation sites significant for endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) and comprehensively understand their underlying pathological mechanisms. The following two steps are performed 1) genome‐wide DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiling in endobronchial internal membrane tissue from EBTB patients and healthy controls and 2) a correlation analysis and causal inference tests (CITs) for DNA methylation and mRNA expression data. A total of 1258 DNA methylation regions (DMRs) are found associated with EBTB. The identified DMRs have regulatory effects on mRNA expression. CITs identified four DNA methylation–mRNA–EBTB regulatory chains (ATP6V1B1, KCNAB2, LRP5, and FCER1G). In conclusion, integrated DNA methylation and transcriptome analyses could provide valuable resources for epigenetics studies in EBTB. In addition, the correlation analysis highlighted the importance of a series of regulatory chains in EBTB pathogenesis. The results enhanced our understanding of the important role of DNA methylation in the pathology of EBTB.
Methacrylate‐Modified Gold Nanoparticles Enable Noninvasive Monitoring of Photocrosslinked Hydrogel Scaffolds
Authors: Li Lan , Gil Carmen J. , Finamore Tyler A. , Evans Connor J. , Tomov Martin L. , Ning Liqun , Theus Andrea , Kabboul Gabriella , Serpooshan Vahid , Roeder Ryan K.
Published: June 2022

Photocrosslinked hydrogels, such as methacrylate‐modified gelatin (gelMA) and hyaluronic acid (HAMA), are widely utilized as tissue engineering scaffolds and/or drug delivery vehicles, but lack a suitable means for noninvasive, longitudinal monitoring of surgical placement, biodegradation, and drug release. Therefore, a novel photopolymerizable X‐ray contrast agent, methacrylate‐modified gold nanoparticles (AuMA NPs), is developed to enable covalent‐linking to methacrylate‐modified hydrogels (gelMA and HAMA) in one‐step during photocrosslinking and noninvasive monitoring by X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). Hydrogels exhibit a linear increase in X‐ray attenuation with increased Au NP concentration to enable quantitative imaging by contrast‐enhanced micro‐CT. The enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation kinetics of gelMA‐Au NP hydrogels are longitudinally monitored by micro‐CT for up to 1 month in vitro, yielding results that are consistent with concurrent measurements by optical spectroscopy and gravimetric analysis. Importantly, AuMA NPs do not disrupt the hydrogel network, rheology, mechanical properties, and hydrolytic stability compared with gelMA alone. GelMA‐Au NP hydrogels are thus able to be bioprinted into well‐defined 3D architectures supporting endothelial cell viability and growth. Overall, AuMA NPs enable the preparation of both conventional photopolymerized hydrogels and bioprinted scaffolds with tunable X‐ray contrast for noninvasive, longitudinal monitoring of placement, degradation, and NP release by micro‐CT.
Optimization of formation of phase pure hydroxyapatite and fabrication of electrochemically stable HAP coatings on 316L SS for orthopedic applications
Authors: Stango Arul Xavier , Vijayalakshmi U.
Published: June 2022

Impact of sintering temperature and aging time was investigated on purity and phase of hydroxyapatite powders synthesized through sol–gel process. Phase, composition, and morphology of the prepared hydroxyapatite powders were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Plausible mechanism respective to the formation of HAP from the precursors Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and triethyl phosphite (TEP) by sol–gel process was determined from 31P NMR analysis. Further, the development of hydroxyapatite coatings on 316L SS metallic surfaces was done by varying the spin coating parameters such as spin speed, spin time, and sintering atmosphere, and their corrosion resistance behavior in SBF solution was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and TAFEL polarization analysis. From the results, we inferred that the HAP coatings deposited on 316L SS surfaces at 3000 rpm/min under nitrogen atmosphere sintering have shown improved corrosion resistivity. The effect of aging time, sintering atmosphere, and spin speed was evaluated in terms of corrosion resistance behavior.