bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composite PLA scaffolds reinforced with PDO fibers for tissue engineering
Authors: Cont Liana , Grant David , Scotchford Colin , Todea Milica , Popa Catalin
Published: November 2011

Novel composite scaffolds were produced using long continuous bidirectional fibers embedded in an electrospun matrix, with the aim of using them in soft tissue engineering applications. The fibers are of polydioxanone and the matrix of polylactic acid. The novel manufacturing method consists of direct electrospinning performed on both sides of a collector that supports the already arranged fibers. The scaffolds were tested in vitro using 3T3 mouse fibroblasts as-obtained or functionalized with biotin or poly (dopamine). Functionalization did not significantly affect cells attachment, metabolic activity, or proliferation, but poly (dopamine) was proven to be effective in inducing hydrophilicity to the surface.
Stock-Based Incentives and Performance During the Credit Crisis
Authors: Webinger Mariah
Published: November 2011

Stock incentives for bank management in the 1990s increased and may have allowed management too much freedom in making risk choices and ignited the credit crisis of 2008. Contracting theory suggests stock incentives will induce better stock performance; moral hazard theory suggests stock incentives will motivate managers to undertake risky projects. This study finds, in the period of 2005-2007, CEO options are associated with negative performance supporting moral hazard theory. However, stock ownership is associated positively with performance as measured by earnings, supporting contracting theory. Director options are associated positively with performance but are not significant in for stock ownership.
Multiple-input describing function technique applied to design a single channel ON-OFF controller for a spinning flight vehicle
Authors: Nobahari H , Mohammadkarimi H
Published: November 2011

In this study, the guidance and control problem of a single-channel spinning missile is investigated. The missile utilizes a single ON-OFF actuator to drive a pair of control surfaces (e.g. elevators) and consequently to perform all required lateral maneouvers. An approximated linear response of the so-called non-rotating frame to ON-OFF input, applied to the rotating frame, is derived using the multiple-input describing function technique. It is shown that there is a relationship between the response of the non-rotating frame and that of the equivalent non-rotating body. It is also shown that the two-channel flight controller, designed for the equivalent non-rotating body, can be reduced to a single-channel controller, the output of which is applied to the rotating body. A necessary condition is introduced for this purpose. A proportional navigation guidance law for such a spinning missile is also introduced that generates an angular rate command instead of the acceleration command. Finally, the performance of the proposed controller in the presence of noise and uncertainties is validated through flight simulations.
Improving Sexual Risk Communication With Adolescents Using Event History Calendars
Authors: Martyn Kristy K. , Darling-Fisher Cynthia , Pardee Michelle , Ronis David L. , Felicetti Irene L. , Saftner Melissa A.
Published: November 2011

This study was conducted to explore the effects of an event history calendar (EHC) approach on adolescent sexual risk communication and sexual activity. Adolescent school-linked health clinic patients ( n = 30) who reported sexual activity self-administered the EHC that was used by nurse practitioners (NPs; n = 2) during a clinic visit. Immediately pre- and post-visit, and at 1 and 3 months, adolescents reported sexual risk behaviors and perceptions about EHC communication on questionnaires and by interview. NPs reported their perceptions of EHCs by questionnaire after the visit and poststudy interview. The EHC approach facilitated communication and adolescent awareness of their risk behaviors. Scores increased on Amount of Communication, t(29) = 8.174, p < .001; Satisfaction with Communication, t(29) = 3.112, p = .004; Client Involvement in Decision Making, t(29) = 3.901, p = .001, and Client Satisfaction with Interpersonal Style, t(29) = 3.763, p = .001. Adolescents reported decreased sexual intercourse at 1 month, p = .031. School nurses could use the EHC approach to facilitate adolescent communication and tailoring of interventions.
Legislating Gender Inequalities
Authors: Anitha Sundari
Published: November 2011

Research on domestic violence documents the particular vulnerability of immigrant women due to reasons including social isolation, language barriers, lack of awareness about services, and racism on the part of services. Based on qualitative interviews with 30 South Asian women with insecure immigration status residing in Yorkshire and Northwest England, this article explores how inequalities created by culture, gender, class, and race intersect with state immigration and welfare policies in the United Kingdom, thereby exacerbating structures of patriarchy within minority communities. It is within these contexts that South Asian women with insecure immigration status experience intensified forms and specific patterns of abuse.
Cultural Values Integration in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for a Latino With Depression
Authors: González-Prendes A. Antonio , Hindo Cindy , Pardo Yobany
Published: November 2011

This case study describes the integration of cultural values into the cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) of a Latino with depression to illustrate culture-based modifications in the use of CBT treatment with this client. Cultural values of familismo, personalismo, respeto, and machismo are defined and weaved into the case conceptualization and treatment process, to build a culturally competent treatment approach. The article describes challenges in the treatment of the individual and provides culture-specific strategies to modify the traditional CBT approach and increase the prospects of successful treatment outcomes. It acknowledges the heterogeneity of the Latino population and cautions against broad generalizations. Treatment implications; limitations relative to gender, education, and socioeconomic status; and recommendations for practice and research are also included. The article further provides a discussion on the status of intervention research with racial and ethnic minority groups and Latinos in particular.
Beyond the prison walls: Some thoughts on prisoner ‘resettlement’ in England and Wales
Authors: Moore Roger
Published: November 2011

In recent years there has been an increased focus on prisoner resettlement in government policy in England and Wales. Two contrasting trends have been evident. Post-release supervision in the form of enhanced monitoring and surveillance for offenders on statutory licence has grown significantly, while post-release support and provision for adult short-sentence prisoners has been minimalist and remains non-mandatory. This article will examine the problematized status of resettlement in terms of: (a) differentiated meaning; and (b) policy formulation and application. It is argued that ‘resettlement’ attracts many key assumptions and that societal expectations of what can be achieved may be ideationally and conceptually flawed. The discussion centres on both theoretical connections and uncertainties, together with the respective policy implications. An indicative schema of ex-prisoner re-entry is outlined for further analytical exploration and critique. ‘Re-entry’, a ‘buzzword’ in the USA, is preferred for this schema rather than ‘resettlement’ which is the favoured term in England and Wales.
Cartilage Repair in Football (Soccer) Athletes
Authors: Bekkers J.E.J. , de Windt Th.S. , Brittberg M. , Saris D.B.F.
Published: November 2011

The prevalence of focal articular cartilage lesions among athletes is higher than in the general population. Treatment goals differ considerably between the professional and recreational athlete. High financial stakes and the short duration of a professional career influence the treatment selection for the professional athlete, while such parameters weigh differently in recreational sports. This article describes our investigation of the relation between sports and a high prevalence of focal cartilage lesions. In addition, we provide a critical review of the best available evidence for cartilage surgery and treatment selection, evaluate specific patient profiles for professional and recreational athletes, and propose a treatment algorithm for the treatment of focal cartilage lesions in football (soccer) players.
An intermediate-risk multiple myeloma subgroup is defined by sIL-6r: levels synergistically increase with incidence of SNP rs2228145 and 1q21 amplification
Authors: Stephens Owen W. , Zhang Qing , Qu Pingping , Zhou Yiming , Chavan Shweta , Tian Erming , Williams David R. , Epstein Joshua , Barlogie Bart , Shaughnessy John D.
Published: November 2011

IL-6 signaling can be enhanced through transsignaling by the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6r), allowing for the pleiotropic cytokine to affect cells it would not ordinarily have an effect on. Serum levels of sIL-6r can be used as an independent prognostic indicator and further stratify the GEP 70-gene low-risk group to identify an intermediate-risk group in multiple myeloma (MM). By analyzing more than 600 MM patients with ELISA, genotyping, and gene expression profiling tools, we show how the combination of 2 independent molecular genetic events is related to synergistic increases in sIL-6r levels. We also show that the rs2228145 minor allele is related to increased expression levels of an IL-6r splice variant that purportedly codes exclusively for a sIL-6r isoform. Together, the SNP rs2228145 minor allele C and amplification of chromosome 1q21 are significantly correlated to an increase in sIL-6r levels, which are associated with lower overall survival in 70-gene low-risk disease, and aid in identification of the intermediate-risk MM group.
The extracellular matrix molecule tenascin C modulates expression levels and territories of key patterning genes during spinal cord astrocyte specification
Authors: Karus Michael , Denecke Bernd , ffrench-Constant Charles , Wiese Stefan , Faissner Andreas
Published: November 2011

The generation of astrocytes during the development of the mammalian spinal cord is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin C regulates the expression of key patterning genes during late embryonic spinal cord development, leading to a timely maturation of gliogenic neural precursor cells. We first show that tenascin C is expressed by gliogenic neural precursor cells during late embryonic development. The loss of tenascin C leads to a sustained generation and delayed migration of Fgfr3-expressing immature astrocytes in vivo. Consistent with an increased generation of astroglial cells, we documented an increased number of GFAP-positive astrocytes at later stages. Mechanistically, we could demonstrate an upregulation and domain shift of the patterning genes Nkx6.1 and Nkx2.2 in vivo. In addition, sulfatase 1, a known downstream target of Nkx2.2 in the ventral spinal cord, was also upregulated. Sulfatase 1 regulates growth factor signalling by cleaving sulphate residues from heparan sulphate proteoglycans. Consistent with this function, we observed changes in both FGF2 and EGF responsiveness of spinal cord neural precursor cells. Taken together, our data implicate Tnc in the regulation of proliferation and lineage progression of astroglial progenitors in specific domains of the developing spinal cord.
Pitx1 is necessary for normal initiation of hindlimb outgrowth through regulation of Tbx4 expression and shapes hindlimb morphologies via targeted growth control
Authors: Duboc Veronique , Logan Malcolm P. O.
Published: November 2011

The forelimbs and hindlimbs of vertebrates are morphologically distinct. Pitx1, expressed in the hindlimb bud mesenchyme, is required for the formation of hindlimb characteristics and produces hindlimb-like morphologies when misexpressed in forelimbs. Pitx1 is also necessary for normal expression of Tbx4, a transcription factor required for normal hindlimb development. Despite the importance of this protein in these processes, little is known about its mechanism of action. Using a transgenic gene replacement strategy in a Pitx1 mutant mouse, we have uncoupled two discrete functions of Pitx1. We show that, firstly, this protein influences hindlimb outgrowth by regulating Tbx4 expression levels and that, subsequently, it shapes hindlimb bone and soft tissue morphology independently of Tbx4. We provide the first description of how Pitx1 sculpts the forming hindlimb skeleton by localised modulation of the growth rate of discrete elements.
Haploinsufficiency of the genes encoding the tumor suppressor Pten predisposes zebrafish to hemangiosarcoma
Authors: Choorapoikayil Suma , Kuiper Raoul V. , de Bruin Alain , den Hertog Jeroen
Published: November 2011

PTEN is an essential tumor suppressor that antagonizes Akt/PKB signaling. The zebrafish genome encodes two Pten genes, ptena and ptenb. Here, we report that zebrafish mutants that retain a single wild-type copy of ptena or ptenb (ptena+/−ptenb−/− or ptena−/−ptenb+/−) are viable and fertile. ptena+/−ptenb−/− fish develop tumors at a relatively high incidence (10.2%) and most tumors developed close to the eye (26/30). Histopathologically, the tumor masses were associated with the retrobulbar vascular network and diagnosed as hemangiosarcomas. A single tumor was identified in 42 ptena−/−ptenb+/− fish and was also diagnosed as hemangiosarcoma. Immunohistochemistry indicated that the tumor cells in ptena+/−ptenb−/− and ptena−/−ptenb+/− fish proliferated rapidly and were of endothelial origin. Akt/PKB signaling was activated in the tumors, whereas Ptena was still detected in tumor tissue from ptena+/−ptenb−/− zebrafish. We conclude that haploinsufficiency of the genes encoding Pten predisposes to hemangiosarcoma in zebrafish.
Severe hypoxaemia with a left ventricular assist device in a minipig model with an undiagnosed congenital cardiac disease
Authors: Quintana-Villamandos B , Rodríguez-Bernal G J , Pérez-Caballero R , Otero J , Ruiz M , Delgado-Martos M J , Sánchez-Hernández J J , Delgado-Baeza E , Del Cañizo J F
Published: November 2011

We describe the placement of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in a pig with spontaneously occurring atrial septal defect (ASD) (incidental finding) that created a right–left cardiac shunt, with subsequent severe hypoxaemia. Early diagnosis was critical in order to prevent end-organ damage due to hypoxaemia. Adequate monitoring alerted us to the deterioration in oxygenation, haemodynamics and cerebral oxygen metabolism. This forced us to change the level of assistance provided by the pump, and thus dramatically correct this impairment. Necropsy revealed an ostium secundum ASD. In conclusion, if hypoxaemia presents after implementation of an LVAD, the presence of a right–left shunt must be ruled out. The first step must be a judicious reduction in assist device flow to minimize intracardiac shunting. Subsequently, atrial septal closure of the defect should be considered. We report an experimental model of severe hypoxaemia after placement of an LVAD as part of a larger research project.
Patient education: an indispensable element of care of patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hidvégi Tibor
Published: November 2011

Diabetes is a chronic and progressive disorder that impacts upon almost every aspect of life. The number of people with diabetes is continuously growing and diabetes is associated with a high mortality rate. Diabetes education is a critical element of care of people with diabetes in order to improve clinical outcomes. The therapeutic patient education is a planned and structured program that is comprehensive in scope, flexible in content, responsive to an individual’s clinical and psychological needs, and adaptable to patients’ educational and cultural background. The diabetes educator should control the implementation of education and should evaluate the patient’s knowledge. The educator should be trained for care of patients with chronic diseases and for education of patients with diabetes mellitus. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1941–1948.
Prevalence of Borrelia Burgdorferi Infection in a Series of 98 Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas
Authors: Ponzoni Maurilio , Ferreri Andrés J. M. , Mappa Silvia , Pasini Elisa , Govi Silvia , Facchetti Fabio , Fanoni Daniele , Tucci Alessandra , Vino Arianna , Doglioni Claudio , Berti Emilio , Dolcetti Riccardo
Published: November 2011

Borrelia burgdorferi has been variably associated with different forms of primary cutaneous lymphoma. Differences in prevalence rates among reported studies could be a result of geographic variability or heterogeneity in the molecular approaches that have been employed. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA in diagnostic tissue samples from fresh cutaneous biopsies of 98 primary cutaneous lymphomas and 19 normal skin controls. Three different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols targeting the hbb, flagellin, and Osp-A genes were used. Direct sequencing of both sense and antisense strands of purified PCR products confirmed the specificity of the amplified fragments. Sequence specificity was assessed using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, and MultAlin software was used to investigate the heterogeneity of target gene sequences across the different samples.

Borrelia DNA was not detected in 19 controls, 23 cases of follicular lymphoma, 31 cases of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma, or 30 cases of mycosis fungoides. A single case of 14 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cases was positive for B. burgdorferi.

This study does not support a pathogenic role of B. burgdorferi in primary cutaneous B- and T-cell lymphomas from areas nonendemic for this microorganism and the consequent rationale for the adoption of antibiotic therapy in these patients.
Landscape‐scale resources promote colony growth but not reproductive performance of bumble bees
Authors: Williams Neal M. , Regetz James , Kremen Claire
Published: November 2011

Variation in the availability of food resources over space and time is a likely driver of how landscape structure and composition affect animal populations. Few studies, however, have directly assessed the spatiotemporal variation in resource availability that arises from landscape pattern, or its effect on populations and population dynamic parameters. We tested the effect of floral resource availability at the landscape scale on the numbers of worker, male, and queen offspring produced by bumble bee, Bombus vosnesenskii, colonies experimentally placed within complex agricultural‐natural landscapes. We quantified flower densities in all land use types at different times of the season and then used these data to calculate spatially explicit estimates of floral resources surrounding each colony. Floral availability strongly correlated with landscape structure, and different regions of the landscape showed distinct seasonal patterns of floral availability. The floral resources available in the landscape surrounding a colony positively affected the number of workers and males it produced. Production was more sensitive to early‐ than to later‐season resources. Floral resources did not significantly affect queen production despite a strong correlation between worker number and queen number among colonies. No landscape produced high floral resources during both the early and late season, and seasonal consistency is likely required for greater queen production. Floral resources are important determinants of colony growth and likely affect the pollination services provided by bumble bees at a landscape scale. Spatiotemporal variation in floral resources across the landscape precludes a simple relationship between resources and reproductive success as measured by queens, but nonetheless likely influences the total abundance of bumble bees in our study region.
Sarcoma Immunotherapy
Authors: Gouw Launce G. , Jones Kevin B. , Sharma Sunil , Randall R. Lor
Published: November 2011

Much of our knowledge regarding cancer immunotherapy has been derived from sarcoma models. However, translation of preclinical findings to bedside success has been limited in this disease, though several intriguing clinical studies hint at the potential efficacy of this treatment modality. The rarity and heterogeneity of tumors of mesenchymal origin continues to be a challenge from a therapeutic standpoint. Nonetheless, sarcomas remain attractive targets for immunotherapy, as they can be characterized by specific epitopes, either from their mesenchymal origins or specific alterations in gene products. To date, standard vaccine trials have proven disappointing, likely due to mechanisms by which tumors equilibrate with and ultimately escape immune surveillance. More sophisticated approaches will likely require multimodal techniques, both by enhancing immunity, but also geared towards overcoming innate mechanisms of immunosuppression that favor tumorigenesis.
On the Breeds of Cattle—Historic and Current Classifications
Authors: Felius Marleen , Koolmees Peter A. , Theunissen Bert , European Cattle Genetic Diversity Consortium  , Lenstra Johannes A.
Published: November 2011

Classification of cattle breeds contributes to our understanding of the history of cattle and is essential for an effective conservation of genetic diversity. Here we review the various classifications over the last two centuries and compare the most recent classifications with genetic data. The classifications devised during the 19th to the late 20th century were in line with the Linnaean taxonomy and emphasized cranial or horn morphology. Subsequent classifications were based on coat color, geographic origin or molecular markers. Several theories were developed that linked breed characteristics either to a supposed ancestral aurochs subspecies or to a presumed ethnic origin. Most of the older classifications have now been discarded, but have introduced several Latin terms that are still in use. The most consistent classification was proposed in 1995 by Felius and emphasizes the geographic origin of breeds. This is largely in agreement with the breed clusters indicated by a biochemical and molecular genetic analysis, which reflect either groups of breeds with a common geographic origin or single breeds that have expanded by export and/or crossbreeding. We propose that this information is also relevant for managing the genetic diversity of cattle.
A Lateral Flow Protein Microarray for Rapid and Sensitive Antibody Assays
Authors: Gantelius Jesper , Bass Tarek , Sjöberg Ronald , Nilsson Peter , Andersson-Svahn Helene
Published: November 2011

Protein microarrays are useful tools for highly multiplexed determination of presence or levels of clinically relevant biomarkers in human tissues and biofluids. However, such tools have thus far been restricted to laboratory environments. Here, we present a novel 384-plexed easy to use lateral flow protein microarray device capable of sensitive (< 30 ng/mL) determination of antigen-specific antibodies in ten minutes of total assay time. Results were developed with gold nanobeads and could be recorded by a cell-phone camera or table top scanner. Excellent accuracy with an area under curve (AUC of 98% was achieved in comparison with an established glass microarray assay for 26 antigen-specific antibodies. We propose that the presented framework could find use in convenient and cost-efficient quality control of antibody production, as well as in providing a platform for multiplexed affinity-based assays in low-resource or mobile settings.
Succinobucol’s New Coat — Conjugation with Steroids to Alter Its Drug Effect and Bioavailability
Authors: Jurček Ondřej , Ikonen Satu , Buřičová Lucie , Wimmerová Martina , Wimmer Zdeněk , Drašar Pavel , Horníček Jan , Galandáková Adéla , Ulrichová Jitka , Kolehmainen Erkki T.
Published: November 2011

Synthesis, detailed structural characterization (X-ray, NMR, MS, IR, elemental analysis), and studies of toxicity, antioxidant activity and bioavailability of unique potent anti-atherosclerotic succinobucol-steroid conjugates are reported. The conjugates consist of, on one side, the therapeutically important drug succinobucol ([4-{2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[(1-{[3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}-4-oxo-butanoic acid]) possessing an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and on the other side, plant stanol/sterols (stigmastanol, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol) possessing an ability to lower the blood cholesterol level. A cholesterol-succinobucol prodrug was also prepared in order to enhance the absorption of succinobucol through the intestinal membrane into the organism and to target the drug into the place of lipid metabolism—The enterohepatic circulation system. Their low toxicity towards mice fibroblasts at maximal concentrations, their antioxidant activity, comparable or even higher than that of ascorbic acid as determined by direct quenching of the DPPH radical, and their potential for significantly altering total and LDL cholesterol levels, suggest that these conjugates merit further studies in the treatment of cardiovascular or other related diseases. A brief discussion of succinobucol’s ability to quench the radicals, supported with a computational model of the electrostatic potential mapped on the electron density surface of the drug, is also presented.
Anti-Inflammatory and Free Radial Scavenging Activities of the Constituents Isolated from Machilus zuihoensis
Authors: Mao Yi-Wen , Tseng Hsiang-Wen , Liang Wen-Li , Chen Ih-Sheng , Chen Shui-Tein , Lee Mei-Hsien
Published: November 2011

A new biflavonol glycoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-(3¢→O-3¢¢¢)- quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (9), together with eight known compounds was isolated for the first time from the leaves of Machilus zuihoensis Hayata (Lauraceae). The structure of compound 9 was elucidated by various types of spectroscopic data analysis. Analysis of the biological activity assay found that compound 9 showed significant superoxide anion scavenging activity (IC50 is 30.4 μM) and markedly suppressed LPS-induced high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) protein secretion in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the HMGB-1 protein secretion was also inhibited by quercitrin (3), ethyl caffeate (6), and ethyl 3-O-caffeoylquinate (7) treatment. In the LPS-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activation analysis, two known compounds, quercetin (1) and ethyl caffeate (6), were found to markedly suppress nitric oxide (NO) production (IC50 value, 27.6 and 42.9 μM, respectively) in RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, it was determined that ethyl caffeate (6) down-regulated mRNA expressions of iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-10 in the LPS-treatment of RAW264.7 cells via a suppressed NF-kB pathway. These results suggested for the first time that the new compound 9 and other constituents isolated from M. zuihoensis have potential anti-inflammatory and superoxide anion scavenging effects. These constituents may be useful for treating various inflammatory diseases.
Les relations économiques entre villes et campagnes dans la France méridionale (XIII-XVe siècle) : bilan et perspectives de recherche
Authors: Bochaca Michel
Published: November 2011

In view of the countless studies that have been dedicated to town and country in the late Middle Ages, one might think their mutual economic relations are now well known. Yet a closer look both at town monographs and local rural studies shows that their authors have followed parallel, rather than converging, paths. Apart from general ideas and a few often-quoted examples, what global conclusions can one draw on a regional scale, for instance about the South of France ? A synthetic view, such as that which the present study aims to outline, asks for methodological reflections first, e.g. on the relevance of the territorial framework under consideration, and on cartographic options for the mapping of observed phenomena. Economic exchange between town and country consisted primarily of urban command over agriculture in the surrounding country, through the possession and management of landed estates or the involvement of townspeople in cattle breeding and trading. Though based on the reciprocal exchange of goods and services, complementarity between town and country tended to subject the latter to the former, especially through the use of credit, which was mostly in the hands of townspeople. town and country tended to subject the latter to the former, especially through the use of credit, which was mostly in the hands of townspeople.
Les migrations frontalières alsaciennes vers la région méridionale du Rhin supérieur
Authors: Mohr Bernhard
Published: November 2011

The Alsacians Commuters to the « Region Su'dlicher Oberrhein » in Baden-Wurttemberg in the Federal Republic of Germany.

In 1982, approx. 37 000 Alsacians (almost 6 % of those employed in industry and trade) commuted to work in foreign countries, approx. 15 600 in the Federal Republic of Germany. A study was carried out on 5 600 commuters crossing the border into the Region Siidlicher Oberrhein in Baden Wiirttemberg. The average age was 32 years ; in comparison to German employees, they had a lower school education and were not as qualified in their professions ; and the quota of labourers was higher. Their working-places were concentrated in seven localities in Baden. The desire to have a job and a better income were the main motives. Alsacian employees were not more threatened by dismissal than their German colleagues.
Le peuplement des régions rurales du Québec face aux phénomène de dénatalité et de désurbanisation
Authors: Vachon Bernard
Published: November 2011

Le Québec figure parmi les nations dont la crise de dénatalité est la plus aigüe, et les campagnes québécoises, qui avaient valeureusement mené la « revanche des berceaux », enregistrent aujourd'hui des taux de fécondité de type urbain. Pourtant un autre renversement de tendance séculaire joue en faveur du repeuplement des régions rurales. Il s'agit du phénomène de désurbanisation, fait d'ex-citadins à la recherche d'un nouveau style de vie, qui font le choix de l'environnement rural. Une minorité seulement opte pour le métier de la terre. Localisation alternative pour la population urbaine, la campagne contemporaine est moins agricole, mais sans l'apport des néopaysans, il est à penser que la fonction agricole serait encore plus réduite.
The Distribution of the Elderly Population of Great Britain
Authors: Warnes Anthony M.
Published: November 2011

The paper falls into three parts: firstly, an overview of the geography of the elderly in Northern Ireland is presented; secondly, a more detailed discussion of the position in the city of Belfast is developed; and thirdly, the paper concludes with a projection of the elderly population of Northern Ireland up to the year 201 1 . The opportunity has been taken to build on the paper published in Geographical Perspectives on the Elderly in 1982 by concentrating on change since 1971.
Household Change and Migration among the Elderly in England and Wales
Authors: Grundy Emily
Published: November 2011

La migration et les changements dans la composition des ménages en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles : 1971-1981.

Dans la première partie de l'article, quelques données d'une étude longitudinale faite par Y Office of Population Censuses and Surveys servent à illustrer des changements dans la distribution de la population âgée selon la composition des ménages entre 1971 et 1981. Les variations régionales en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles sont ensuite considérées. Au moyen des données provenant des recensements britanniques de 1971 et de 1981, les changements dans la composition des ménages des membres de l'échantillon sont considérés ainsi que l'association entre ces changements, les migrations et d'autres événements tel que le veuvage.
Migration and Population turnover in a London Borough: the incidence and implications of retirement out-migration
Authors: Stuart Angus F.
Published: November 2011

This paper examines the role of out- migration at or about retirement age in changing the age-structure and ethnic composition of a London Borough, Brent, approximately 10 km to the north- west of the centre. Like other London Boroughs, Brent has been experiencing population losses. It will be shown that out-migration is particularly pronounced among those aged 20-29 and 50-64 years. The paper is based on research into the attractiveness of Brent for retirement. It has been found that, in areas of rapid population change, the turnover of people is itself a stimulus to other moves. As to the destination of retirement moves, the influence of the location of children and other relatives will be examined.
Restructuration économique, division sexuelle du travail et répartition spatiale de l'emploi dans la région métropolitaine de Montréal
Authors: Chicoine Nathalie , Rose Damaris
Published: November 2011

Economic restructuring, the gender division of labour and the spatial division of employment in the Montreal Metropolitan Area.

This article explores the impact of recent socio-economic transformations on the relationships between workplaces and residences in metropolitan Montréal. Economic restructuring in major Western cities is bringing about not only a tertiarisation and increasing polarization of the workforce between upper- and lower-level jobs but also a relocation of economic activities. These tendencies are interwoven with patterns of labour market segmentation by gender, producing a spatial division of employment along gender lines within the metropolitan area. Using 1971 and 1981 census data, we draw out three sets of relations between the geographical distribution of places of residence and that of workplaces, focusing on differences between men and women in two contrasting occupational groups, professionnals and non-specialized factory workers.
Le déploiement géographique des cercles de fermières au Québec (1915-1949)
Authors: Cohen Yolande
Published: November 2011

The territorial expansion of the Quebec «Cercles de fermières» (1915-1949).

A simplified vision of the association of the cercles de fermières will show its history forged by the Quebec State. Carrying traditionalist and conservative values, the association would be following a clerical and nationalist path to keep the families on their lands. Studying the geographical expansion of this association sheds another light and another understanding of its history. Its numerous cercles develop along specific regional patterns all over the Québec territory, unequally on the new colonised Northern Territories and in the oldest Central Quebec. Not only do we discover a dynamic specific to this voluntary association, but we can also get to some conclusion on the rurality of some regions and therefore question the concept of rurality and its link to agriculture.
Pierre Guyotat ou le rapport à la langue
Authors: Bourgain Anne
Published: November 2011

Résumé L’écriture, quand elle prend acte de la cruauté qui reste en partie impensée, et en fait sa matière, permet de lutter contre l’asservissement. Un peu comme la psychanalyse rencontre toujours de nouvelles résistances, pour peu que, fidèle à son fondateur, elle n’exclue pas de penser le politique. En se soumettant à la langue tout en la travaillant au corps, Pierre Guyotat qui vient de publier Arrière-fond , ne cède jamais à l’illusion de réinventer celle-là. Ce rapport à la langue fait de la plus grande contrainte et de la cruelle liberté de dire témoigne d’une vraie rigueur. Si cette écriture a fait scandale au point d’être, un temps, interdite d’affichage et de publicité, c’est selon nous moins pour son contenu que pour sa force subversive. Regarder cette réalité en face reste une démarche impardonnable, suscitant des résistances qui prennent souvent le masque de la pudeur, de la décence, du « bon goût ». C’est pourtant une démarche nécessaire, faute de laquelle on s’expose au retour de cet impensé de la cruauté.
La lettre, l'hystérectomie et la truelle ou Pourquoi la lettre féminise-t-elle celui qui la possède ? Une lecture de Samuel Beckett
Authors: Jejcic Marie
Published: November 2011

Résumé Samuel Beckett redoutait la critique qui pratique sur les textes, disait-il, « l’hystérectomie à la truelle ». Cette surprenante critique de la critique a le mérite de cibler d’un mot le rapport délicat établi par Lacan entre l’écrit et les femmes, suite à l’énigme du féminin léguée par Freud. Après une mise en place de la problématique par Balzac, nous proposons de cerner avec Beckett lui-même ce qu’implique de ne pas hystérectomiser un texte.
De l'épitaphe vocale au crime : la voix du zeibekiko, instrument de l'honneur
Authors: Kousouri-Arapis Marina
Published: November 2011

Résumé Nous cherchons à mettre en évidence le rôle de la voix, de la poésie chantée dans ces « années de pierre » où les vaincus, à travers la poésie, convoquent l’histoire. C’est un témoignage chanté, une mémoire active, à travers laquelle la poésie sauve les mots de l’oubli, une sorte d’« épitaphe vocale » ou de « sépulture symbolique » qui permet d’assumer leur perte et de se reconstruire contre l’oubli. Le zeibekiko est un rite consacré à cette perte, et ce n’est pas un hasard si l’on constate que l’ordre symbolique s’accroît par un surplus de perte : le zeibekiko est un pacte que fait le corps avec le symbolique, quand le premier s’apprête au second. Le zeibekiko prend encore plus d’importance dans ce paysage ravagé historiquement, où le corps se soumet, partiellement, au symbolique, ce qui assure la viabilité du lien social. Mais si les codes ne sont pas respectés, l’honneur est souillé et fait place à la honte. Dès lors, la connexion entre l’imaginaire et le symbolique se dégrade et le sujet ne devient que pure fonction symbolique qui obéit à la voix féroce, nécessaire et obligatoire du zeibekiko. Le problème qu’il s’agit d’éclairer ici est donc celui de la fonction de cette voix chantée, qui convoque les traumatismes du passé et par là même impose au sujet les exigences de l’honneur – jusqu’à le pousser au crime.
Le psychologue, sa parole et les autres : du secret professionnel à la discrétion absolue
Authors: Casper Marie-Claude
Published: November 2011

Résumé Ce que l’on appelle « secret professionnel » renvoie de façon monolithique à une réalité complexe qu’il est possible d’ouvrir par distinction. La logique juridique et institutionnelle où le « secret » prend statut d’information dans une communication est à différencier d’une logique clinique où la « discrétion absolue » se rapporte à la parole élaborée dans le mouvement de sa détermination psychique. Interroger ce que l’on appelle communément le secret professionnel c’est soulever à propos de la parole la question de son appartenance et de son destin.
Le traitement sous contrainte des auteurs d'infraction à caractère sexuel
Authors: Lecocq Caroline
Published: November 2011

Résumé Après une introduction portant sur l’articulation entre le soin et la contrainte judiciaire, l’auteur présente le cadre de travail et le dispositif thérapeutique mis en place par l’équipe du Service de santé mentale de l’université libre de Bruxelles pour prendre en traitement des patients auteurs d’infraction à caractère sexuel, soumis à une obligation de suivi. Deux cas cliniques illustrent les particularités de cette clinique.
Logique du soin en psychothérapie institutionnelle
Authors: de Luca-Bernier Catherine
Published: November 2011

Résumé La logique du soin en psychothérapie institutionnelle, telle qu’elle se décline à la clinique de La Borde, présente plusieurs caractéristiques que cet article a pour but de présenter. Ainsi, l’établissement de soin fait lui-même l’objet d’un processus de soin selon une démarche qui s’inspire des travaux de Hermann Simon afin de manifester un processus d’accueil permanent. De plus, les aliénations sociale et psychopathologique dont sont victimes les sujets psychotiques se voient également prises en compte et combattues par un dispositif de soin à base d’institutions diverses, hétérogènes, organisées par le Club thérapeutique, permettant le recueil des bribes de transfert dissocié des sujets psychotiques. Enfin, le personnel soignant lui-même se voit proposé un dispositif de soin et de formation tenant compte des effets du contre-transfert, selon le principe de l’analyse institutionnelle (asepsie, travail des préjugés, des résistances, du désir d’être là, de la posture soignante, dialectique des statuts, des fonctions et des rôles, etc.).
« Passeur de mots, passeur d'histoires » Biographe pour personnes gravement malades. Un projet fédérateur au sein d'un service d'onco-hématologie
Authors: Patin Serpantié Anne
Published: November 2011

Résumé Une expérience originale : dans un service d’onco-hématologie, le partenariat avec une biographe. Aux malades en situation non curative est proposé d’écrire leur récit de vie, qui leur sera ensuite remis sous la forme d’un livre, à eux ou à la personne qu’ils auront désignée. Avec le recul de quatre ans, ce projet s’apparente à un soin à destination des patients, de leurs familles, mais aussi de l’équipe. L’évocation du parcours d’une patiente, de ses rencontres avec le corps médical, des entretiens psychothérapeutiques et de l’aventure de la biographie qu’elle a voulue mener, voudrait illustrer la richesse de ce partenariat, et ses prolongements dans l’après-coup, une fois le livre transmis. Lorsqu’il n’y a plus de traitements curatifs, proposer à une personne gravement malade d’écrire son histoire, c’est ouvrir un projet de vie, et habiter cette place restée vacante dans l’abord médical de la maladie, de la transmission et du sens.
Du traitement du nom en psychiatrie
Authors: Janody Patricia
Published: November 2011

Résumé On considère le nom selon ses deux formes, orale et inscrite, en ce que l’une renvoie nécessairement à l’autre, quoi qu’il en soit des variations de support et de procédure selon les lieux et les époques. Cette double valeur du nom a une incidence clinique – ainsi pour tel qui avance sa revendication délirante au point de faille des instances administratives auxquelles il a affaire. La prise en compte clinique emporte aussi une conséquence politique, délimitant une zone de résistance à l’idéal de transparence de la langue promu tous azimuts.
L'art conceptuel : tentative de circonscription du vide
Authors: Brient Pierrick
Published: November 2011

Résumé La démarche conceptuelle, apparue à la fin des années soixante dans l’art, a promu une dématérialisation de l’œuvre en désacralisant l’objet via une critique de l’art académique entendu comme commercialisation d’un objet esthétique. La disparition de l’œuvre dans l’art conceptuel souligne, au-delà de l’objet, la visée et les fondements de la sublimation, tels que Jacques Lacan a pu permettre de les saisir à partir de la Chose. C’est bien en effet une tentative de circonscrire le vide premier d’où s’origine une œuvre qui anime nombre de projets conceptuels, dévoilement insupportable qui fut rapidement rattrapé par la logique du marché.
L'émotionnalité participative : corps et psychisme en interaction
Authors: Avron Ophélia
Published: November 2011

Résumé Je situe ma recherche de « la mise en travail » psychique de l’expressivité corporelle dans le contexte économique des pulsions. Je postule deux pulsions en étayage, la pulsion sexuelle et la pulsion d’inter liaison. Cette dernière s’exprimerait à travers un processus psychique pluriel, que j’ai nommé « émotionnalité participative rythmique », qui se développerait par réactivité réciproque et réciproquement entretenue, et qui permet le rassemblement de tous les participants présents quels que soient leur nombre, leur âge et leur sexe. À travers trois exemples cliniques, j’essaie de dégager l’expressivité psycho-corporelle des affects de plaisir-déplaisir et celle de l’énergétique émotionnelle en état de réactivité réciproque entre les individus présents. Les prémisses de ces langages non-verbaux donnent des aperçus sur les parties névrotiques et psychotiques de la personnalité des patients et sur la réactivité groupale.
Coudre doucement sujet, corps, groupe, institution : réflexions à partir des pratiques du packing jusqu'à une psychothérapie institutionnelle
Authors: Delion Pierre
Published: November 2011

Résumé La technique du packing apporte de nouvelles ouvertures à la psychothérapie avec les enfants et adolescents autistes et psychotiques en permettant de mettre au centre du dispositif le corps. Non pas seulement le corps physiologique, mais aussi l’image du corps telle qu’elle a été développée par plusieurs auteurs après Freud. Pour des raisons encore difficiles à expliquer clairement, le packing a été présenté par une association de parents d’enfants autistes comme une technique dangereuse. Cet article reprend l’histoire du packing et tente de montrer en quoi, au contraire, il peut ouvrir de nouvelles réflexions psychopathologiques sur la psychothérapie des psychoses, et ainsi contribuer à mieux soigner les enfants atteints d’autismes et d’autres troubles envahissants du développement.
À peau et à corps perdus en périnatalité
Authors: Darchis Élisabeth
Published: November 2011

Résumé La clinique d’un groupe famille nous montrera comment des angoisses de séparation, issues de traumatismes générationnels, entravent le travail de réorganisation psychique et d’autonomisation de la famille dans la période périnatale. Nous verrons comment les comportements régressés des enfants tentent de prolonger l’indifférenciation dans la confusion des corps. Puis des inscriptions corporelles déposées sur l’épiderme témoigneront du besoin d’être enveloppé par le corps familial, mais aussi d’un chemin possible vers l’individuation. Ces traces que l’enfant fait sur le corps évoquent les coutumes de certaines cultures qui inscrivaient l’histoire des ancêtres sur leur peau. La remise en jeu de l’héritage psychique au cours de la thérapie familiale permettra une différenciation des générations.
Écouter les corps en quête de sens : un travail groupal avec des adolescents atteints de lésions cérébrales
Authors: Toubert-Duffort Danièle
Published: November 2011

Résumé À partir d’une expérience de groupe conduite en milieu hospitalier avec des adolescents atteints de lésions cérébrales (traumatismes crâniens sévères, tumeurs cérébrales, avc ), l’auteur analyse ce qui se métaphorise dans le corps groupal concernant le corps du sujet, et discute des enjeux du travail clinique. Cinq à huit adolescents de 15 à 20 ans constituent un groupe hebdomadaire d’une heure, qui alterne atelier photo (activité support) et groupe de parole. La façon dont le corps se mobilise dans le groupe constitue une première tentative pour signifier à autrui ce que vit le « je ». Mettre en scène son corps « troué », exhiber à autrui ses marques corporelles, fraie la voie à la figuration de ce qui, ultérieurement, s’offrira dans le groupe à l’élaboration. Il s’agit pour le sujet d’établir un lien entre corps biologique, corps érogène et événements relationnels, entre Moi-corps et corps groupal, entre affect et représentation. Cependant, le contexte particulier de ces jeunes (enjeux vitaux, handicap, traitements lourds, hospitalisation) qui agit sur le clinicien, rend plus délicate la question de l’ajustement de la distance entre le groupe et lui. Ainsi le clinicien risque-t-il de se focaliser sur les traces trop visibles de la menace que constitue l’atteinte cérébrale, ou de dénier les effets de déliaison induits par l’expérience traumatique.