bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of parental acclimation and energy limitation in response to high CO2 exposure in Atlantic cod
Authors: Stiasny M. H. , Mittermayer F. H. , Göttler G. , Bridges C. R. , Falk-Petersen I.-B. , Puvanendran V. , Mortensen A. , Reusch T. B. H. , Clemmesen C.
Published: May 2018

Ocean acidification (OA), the dissolution of excess anthropogenic carbon dioxide in ocean waters, is a potential stressor to many marine fish species. Whether species have the potential to acclimate and adapt to changes in the seawater carbonate chemistry is still largely unanswered. Simulation experiments across several generations are challenging for large commercially exploited species because of their long generation times. For Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), we present first data on the effects of parental acclimation to elevated aquatic CO2 on larval survival, a fundamental parameter determining population recruitment. The parental generation in this study was exposed to either ambient or elevated aquatic CO2 levels simulating end-of-century OA levels (~1100 µatm CO2) for six weeks prior to spawning. Upon fully reciprocal exposure of the F1 generation, we quantified larval survival, combined with two larval feeding regimes in order to investigate the potential effect of energy limitation. We found a significant reduction in larval survival at elevated CO2 that was partly compensated by parental acclimation to the same CO2 exposure. Such compensation was only observed in the treatment with high food availability. This complex 3-way interaction indicates that surplus metabolic resources need to be available to allow a transgenerational alleviation response to ocean acidification.
Author Correction: The potential role of land cover on secular changes of the hydroclimate of Peninsular Florida
Authors: Misra Vasubandhu , Mishra Akhilesh , Bhardwaj Amit , Viswanathan Krishnan , Schmutz Dan
Published: May 2018

One of the author names was misspelled. This has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of this article.
Non-spherical oscillations drive the ultrasound-mediated release from targeted microbubbles
Authors: Lajoinie Guillaume , Luan Ying , Gelderblom Erik , Dollet Benjamin , Mastik Frits , Dewitte Heleen , Lentacker Ine , de Jong Nico , Versluis Michel
Published: May 2018

Ultrasound-driven microbubbles are attractive for a variety of applications in medicine, including real-time organ perfusion imaging and targeted molecular imaging. In ultrasound-mediated drug delivery, bubbles decorated with a functional payload become convenient transport vehicles and offer highly localized release. How to efficiently release and transport these nanomedicines to the target site remains unclear owing to the microscopic length scales and nanoseconds timescales of the process. Here, we show theoretically how non-spherical bubble oscillations lead first to local oversaturation, thereby inducing payload release, and then to microstreaming generation that initiates transport. Experimental validation is achieved through ultra-high-speed imaging in an unconventional side-view at tens of nanoseconds timescales combined with high-speed fluorescence imaging to track the release of the payload. Transport distance and intrinsic bubble behavior are quantified and agree well with the model. These results will allow for optimizing the therapeutic use of targeted microbubbles for precision medicine.
Facile preparation of ductile, free-standing and multilayer polymeric optical data storage media with macroscopic structural homogeneity
Authors: Feng Yang , Yang Jingfa , Zhao Jiang , Chen Guangming
Published: May 2018

Macroscopic structural homogeneity can help to fully exploit the physical properties of a polymer matrix, making it easier to acquire optical data recording materials featuring specific properties.
Resonance Rayleigh scattering detection of the epidermal growth factor receptor based on an aptamer-functionalized gold-nanoparticle probe
Authors: Li Junbo , Yang Yanqiang , Wang Jinghua , Zhang Bing , Chang Honghong , Wei Wenlong
Published: May 2018

A facile and effective Apt functionalized gold nanoparticle based RRS assay for the sensitive and selective detection of the EGFR.
Mass spectrometric detection of iron nitrosyls, sulfide oxidation and mycothiolation during nitrosylation of the NO sensor [4Fe–4S] NsrR
Authors: Crack Jason C. , Hamilton Chris J. , Le Brun Nick E.
Published: May 2018

Identification of RRE-type iron-nitrosyl species formed upon nitrosylation of [4Fe–4S] NsrR.
Low-overpotential CO2 reduction by a phosphine-substituted Ru(ii) polypyridyl complex
Authors: Lee Sze Koon , Kondo Mio , Nakamura Go , Okamura Masaya , Masaoka Shigeyuki
Published: May 2018

Low-overpotential electrochemical CO2 reduction by a Ru(ii) polypyridyl complex can be achieved by the simple substitution of pyridine with a phosphine ligand.
Self-supported three-dimensional Cu/Cu2O–CuO/rGO nanowire array electrodes for an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Ye Lin , Wen Zhenhai
Published: May 2018

Cu/Cu2O–CuO/rGO nanowire arrays was fabricated as a highly efficient HER catalyst with a small onset potential and low overpotential.
Temperature controlled formation of polar copper phosphonates showing large dielectric anisotropy and a dehydration-induced switch from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic interactions
Authors: Wang Peng-Fei , Bao Song-Song , Huang Xin-Da , Akutagawa T. , Zheng Li-Min
Published: May 2018

The polar compound Cu3(2-cpp)2(H2O)5 (1) converts into non-polar Cu3(2-cpp)2(H2O)2 (2) and Cu3(2-cpp)2 (3), accompanied by a switch from ferromagnetic in 1 to antiferromagnetic interactions in 2 and 3.
Ion conducting membranes for aqueous flow battery systems
Authors: Yuan Zhizhang , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng
Published: May 2018

Ion conductive membranes applied in aqueous flow battery systems are fully reviewed and summarized.
Role of the carboxy groups of triterpenoids in their inhibition of the nucleation of amyloid β42 required for forming toxic oligomers
Authors: Murakami Kazuma , Yoshioka Takuya , Horii Shiori , Hanaki Mizuho , Midorikawa Satohiro , Taniwaki Shinji , Gunji Hiroki , Akagi Ken-ichi , Kawase Taiji , Hirose Kenji , Irie Kazuhiro
Published: May 2018

The carboxy group of ursane-type triterpenoids plays a critical role in the suppression of toxic Aβ42 nucleation by targeting the monomer to trimer.
An intrinsically compressible and stretchable all-in-one configured supercapacitor
Authors: Hu Mengmeng , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Jie , Zhang Jiaheng , Ma Xing , Huang Yan
Published: May 2018

A 60% compressible and 150% stretchable supercapacitor was fabricated, realizing dual intrinsic compressibility and stretchability in a single device simultaneously.
Efficient hydrogen evolution from the hydrolysis of ammonia borane using bilateral-like WO3−x nanorods coupled with Ni2P nanoparticles
Authors: Lou Yongbing , He Jinxin , Liu Guoning , Qi Shaopeng , Cheng Lin , Chen Jinxi , Zhao Yixin , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: May 2018

A ten times enhanced H2 evolution from the hydrolysis of ammonia borane through bilateral-like plasmonic WO3−x nanorods coupled with Ni2P nanoparticles was realized.
QM/MM calculations reveal a bridging hydroxo group in a vanadium nitrogenase crystal structure
Authors: Benediktsson Bardi , Thorhallsson Albert Th. , Bjornsson Ragnar
Published: May 2018

A recent crystal structure of VFe protein is revealed via QM/MM calculations to contain an hydroxo group, likely derived from water.
Phase transition in metal–organic complex trans-PtCl2(PEt3)2 under pressure: insights into the molecular and crystal structure
Authors: Bajaj Naini , Bhatt Himal , Pandey K. K. , Poswal H. K. , Arya A. , Ghosh P. S. , Garg N. , Deo M. N.
Published: May 2018

Molecular reorientations result in structural phase transition in trans-PtCl2(PEt3)2 under pressure, leading to a hydrogen bond assisted supramolecular architecture.
Lithium doped tubular structure in LiB20 and LiB20−: a viable global minimum
Authors: Liang Wei-yan , Das Anita , Dong Xue , Cui Zhong-hua
Published: May 2018

We present a strategy by which the stability of tubular boron clusters can be significantly enhanced by doping the B20 cluster with a lithium atom.
Bouncing dynamics of liquid drops impact on ridge structure: an effective approach to reduce the contact time
Authors: Li Tao , Zhang Lishu , Wang Zhichao , Duan Yunrui , Li Jie , Wang Junjun , Li Hui
Published: May 2018

The contact time of drops can be reduced after impacting on the superhydrophobic surface modified with the ridge structure.
Generation of reactive oxygen species and charge carriers in plasmonic photocatalytic Au@TiO2 nanostructures with enhanced activity
Authors: He Weiwei , Cai Junhui , Jiang Xiumei , Yin Jun-Jie , Meng Qingbo
Published: May 2018

Plasmonic Au@TiO2 core/shell nanostructures exhibit significant enhancement in the generation of ROS, charge carriers and photocatalytic activity.
Interstitial nitrogen atoms in diamond. A quantum mechanical investigation of its electronic and vibrational properties
Authors: Salustro Simone , Pascale Fabien , Mackrodt William C. , Ravoux Corentin , Erba Alessandro , Dovesi Roberto
Published: May 2018

The electronic and vibrational features of the single- and double-nitrogen interstitial defects in diamond are investigated at the quantum mechanical level.
Cluster structures influenced by interaction with a surface
Authors: Witt Christopher , Dieterich Johannes M. , Hartke Bernd
Published: May 2018

Systematic investigation of how cluster structures change upon interaction with a surface, using global structure optimization by evolutionary algorithms.
Exploring the cellular uptake and localisation of phosphorescent rhenium fac-tricarbonyl metallosurfactants as a function of lipophilicity
Authors: Hallett Andrew J. , Placet Emeline , Prieux Roxane , McCafferty Danielle , Platts James A. , Lloyd David , Isaacs Marc , Hayes Anthony J. , Coles Simon J. , Pitak Mateusz B. , Marchant Sarah , Marriott Stephen N. , Allemann Rudolf K. , Dervisi Athanasia , Fallis Ian A.
Published: May 2018

The cellular distribution of amphiphilic rhenium(i) complexes is tuned by the nature of the axial donor.
Improving barium ion adsorption on two-dimensional titanium carbide by surface modification
Authors: Mu Wanjun , Du Shenzhen , Yu Qianhong , Li Xingliang , Wei Hongyuan , Yang Yuchuan
Published: May 2018

To capture radioactive barium from wastewater, the Ti3C2Tx material was modified by activation treatment and it exhibited high adsorption ability for removal of Ba2+ from aqueous solution.
Hierarchically controllable photoreaction of a coordination polymer based on quaternized 1,2-bis(4′-pyridyl)ethylene
Authors: Sun Li , Guo Rui-Yun , Yang Xiao-Dong , Ma Shuai , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2018

A multiply photoactive compound has been developed based on quaternized 1,2-bis(4′-pyridyl)ethylene, which exhibits an intensity-dependent hierarchical photoreaction, as well as a new state with reversible photo-triggered luminescence and coloration–bleaching switching.
From functional structure to packaging: full-printing fabrication of a microfluidic chip
Authors: Zheng Fengyi , Pu Zhihua , He Enqi , Huang Jiasheng , Yu Bocheng , Li Dachao , Li Zhihong
Published: May 2018

This paper presents a concept of a full-printing methodology aiming at convenient and fast fabrication of microfluidic devices.
Molecular engineering of perovskite photodetectors: recent advances in materials and devices
Authors: Yao Fang , Gui Pengbin , Zhang Qi , Lin Qianqian
Published: May 2018

We present an overview of the recent advances in perovskite photodetectors from both the materials and device perspectives.
Synthesis of N-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)carbonyl]glycine from carbon dioxide, ethylene oxide, and α-amino acid by ionic gelation of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and spirulina supported on magnetic KCC-1 in aqueous solution
Authors: Zhiani Rahele , Khoobi Mehdi , Sadeghzadeh Seyed Mohsen
Published: May 2018

Ionic gelation supported on Fe3O4/KCC-1 has been developed for the synthesis of N-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)carbonyl]glycine from carbon dioxide, ethylene oxide, and α-amino acid.
Excited state proton transfer (ESIPT) based molecular probe to sense F− and CN− anions through a fluorescence “turn-on” response
Authors: Ali Rashid , Gupta Ramesh C. , Dwivedi Sushil K. , Misra Arvind
Published: May 2018

Dual anion sensing through an efficient thiazole based phenolic Schiff base containing molecular probe by means of fluorescence “turn-on” response.
An effective electrochemical sensing platform for fluoride ions based on fluorescein isothiocyanate–MWCNT composite
Authors: Appiah-Ntiamoah Richard , Gadisa Bekelcha Tesfaye , Kim Herm
Published: May 2018

The intrinsic redox properties of fluorescein isothiocyanate, rather than its fluorescence, were employed as a transducing signal to detect fluoride ions in aqueous media.
Magnetic hysteresis in self-assembled monolayers of Dy-fullerene single molecule magnets on gold
Authors: Chen C.-H. , Krylov D. S. , Avdoshenko S. M. , Liu F. , Spree L. , Westerström R. , Bulbucan C. , Studniarek M. , Dreiser J. , Wolter A. U. B. , Büchner B. , Popov A. A.
Published: May 2018

Self-assembled monolayers from single molecule magnets DySc2N@C80 and Dy2ScN@C80 functionalized with thioether groups retain magnetic bistability on Au(111) surface.
Activating rhodium phosphide-based catalysts for the pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Pu Zonghua , Amiinu Ibrahim Saana , He Daping , Wang Min , Li Guoqiang , Mu Shichun
Published: May 2018

Rh2P@NC exhibits a higher electrocatalytic HER activity and durability than commercial Pt/C under acidic, neutral and basic conditions.
Synthesis of topologically constrained naphthalimide appended palladium(ii)–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes – insights into additive controlled product selectivity
Authors: Panyam Pradeep Kumar Reddy , Sreedharan Ramdas , Gandhi Thirumanavelan
Published: May 2018

Pd(ii)–NHC catalyzed regioselective heteroannulation of o-haloanilines and arylethynyl-trimethylsilane to yield indoles and additive controlled switchable product selectivity has been demonstrated.
ipso-Arylative polymerization as a route to π-conjugated polymers: synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene)
Authors: Shih Feng-Yang , Tian Sisi , Gallagher Nicholas , Park Young S. , Grubbs Robert B.
Published: May 2018

Palladium-catalyzed ipso-arylative polymerization of diphenylcarbinol-substituted thiophene derivatives proceeds to reasonably high molecular weights, but is limited by side reactions.
Hyperbranched polypeptides synthesized from phototriggered ROP of a photocaged Nε-[1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl]-l-lysine-N-carboxyanhydride: microstructures and effects of irradiation intensity and nitrogen flow rate
Authors: Li Pan , Song Yingying , Dong Chang-Ming
Published: May 2018

A new photocaged amino acid monomer Nε-(1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl)-l-lysine-N-carboxyanhydride (NPE-Lys NCA) was designed to directly synthesize hyperbranched polypeptides by phototriggered ROP.
Predicting the electrical conductivity in polymer carbon nanotube nanocomposites based on the volume fractions and resistances of the nanoparticle, interphase, and tunneling regions in conductive networks
Authors: Liu Zhenling , Peng Wanxi , Zare Yasser , Hui David , Rhee Kyong Yop
Published: May 2018

Some limited models have been suggested to determine the conductivity of polymer carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites (PCNTs).
Significant promotion of porous architecture and magnetic Fe3O4 NPs inside honeycomb-like carbonaceous composites for enhanced microwave absorption
Authors: Gao Shengshuai , An Qingda , Xiao Zuoyi , Zhai Shangru , Shi Zhan
Published: May 2018

A novel type of Fe3O4/WPC-600 with a tailored porous architecture and magnetic components has been facilely fabricated for significantly enhanced microwave absorption performance.
Effects of anions on the underpotential deposition behavior of Cu on polycrystalline Pt
Authors: Liu Jiao , Xu Zhen , Zhu Benfeng , Du Xiaoqing , Yang Yumeng , Yi Chenxi , Zhang Zhao , Cai Chao , Li Jianmei
Published: May 2018

Effects of anions on underpotential deposition behavior of Cu at polycrystalline Pt has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques.
Selection of aptamers for AMACR detection from DNA libraries with different primers
Authors: Yang Deng-Kai , Chou Chia-Fu , Chen Lin-Chi
Published: May 2018

This study demonstrates a library-based approach to obtain aptamers with different binding properties for flexible design of AMACR detection.
Highly conductive and stable graphene/PEDOT:PSS composite as a metal free cathode for organic dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Kim Jae Cheon , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Ju Myung Jong , Lee Jae-Joon
Published: May 2018

We report the development of a highly stable PEDOT:PSS/graphene (PP/GnP) composite-based counter electrode (CE) for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in conjunction with Y123 sensitizer and Co(bpy)32+/3+ (bpy = 2,2'-bypyridine) redox couple.
Self-assembly of quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants in cyclohexane upon reinforcement by simple counterions
Authors: Deng Sheng-lu , Zhao Jian-xi , Wen Zhi-xiu
Published: May 2018

12-s-12/salt formed various reverse aggregates in cyclohexane dependent upon both spacer length and salt effects.
Synthesis of diversely substituted bis-pyrrolizidino/ thiopyrrolizidino oxindolo/acenaphthyleno curcuminoidsviasequential azomethine ylide cycloaddition
Authors: Singh Meenakshi , Hazra Abhijit , Bharitkar Yogesh P. , Kalia Ritu , Sahoo Ashutosh , Saha Sneha , Ravichandiran V. , Ghosh Shekhar , Mondal Nirup B.
Published: May 2018

Curcumin has been transformed to several diversely substituted bis-pyrrolizidino/thiopyrrolizidino oxindolo/acenaphthyleno curcuminoidsviaa sequential azomethine ylide cycloaddition reaction.
Cyclization of secondarily structured oligonucleotides to single-stranded rings by using Taq DNA ligase at high temperatures
Authors: Cui Yixiao , Han Xutiange , An Ran , Zhou Guangqing , Komiyama Makoto , Liang Xingguo
Published: May 2018

We have achieved the efficient preparation of single-stranded DNA rings from secondarily structured oligonucleotides.
Improving microalgal growth by strengthening the flashing light effect simulated with computational fluid dynamics in a panel bioreactor with horizontal baffles
Authors: Ye Qing , Cheng Jun , Yang Zongbo , Yang Weijuan , Zhou Junhu , Cen Kefa
Published: May 2018

Biological CO2 elimination by photosynthetic microalgae is a sustainable way to mitigate CO2 from flue gas and other sources.
Oxidative functionalization of aliphatic and aromatic amino acid derivatives with H2O2 catalyzed by a nonheme imine based iron complex
Authors: Ticconi Barbara , Colcerasa Arianna , Di Stefano Stefano , Lanzalunga Osvaldo , Lapi Andrea , Mazzonna Marco , Olivo Giorgio
Published: May 2018

Amino acid derivatives are oxidized by the 1/H2O2 system. A marked preference for the aromatic over Cα–H and benzylic C–H oxidation is observed with phenylalanine.
Fabrication of novel electrochemical sensors based on modification with different polymorphs of MnO2nanoparticles. Application to furosemide analysis in pharmaceutical and urine samples
Authors: Said Mohamed I. , Rageh Azza H. , Abdel-aal Fatma A. M.
Published: May 2018

A novel MnO2nanoparticles/chitosan-modified pencil graphite electrode (MnO2NPs/CS/PGE) was constructed using two different MnO2polymorphs (γ-MnO2and ε-MnO2nanoparticles).
Black TiO2nanotube arrays fabricated by electrochemical self-doping and their photoelectrochemical performance
Authors: Zhu Liyan , Ma Hongchao , Han Huibin , Fu Yinghuan , Ma Chun , Yu Zhihui , Dong Xiaoli
Published: May 2018

It was found that the removal of KN-R on black TiO2NTAs electrodes can be improved by combination of electro-enhanced photocatalysis and electrochemical oxidation at high bias.
Efficient charge separation and visible-light response in bilayer HfS2-based van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Wang Biao , Luo Xukai , Chang Junli , Chen Xiaorui , Yuan Hongkuan , Chen Hong
Published: May 2018

In this work, we employ hybrid density functional theory to investigate HfS2-based van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions for highly efficient photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications.
Binding TiO2 nanoparticles to forward osmosis membranes via MEMO–PMMA–Br monomer chains for enhanced filtration and antifouling performance
Authors: Xue Wenchao , Sint Kaung Ko Ko , Ratanatamskul Chavalit , Praserthdam Piyasan , Yamamoto Kazuo
Published: May 2018

Commercial forward osmosis membranes were modified by TiO2 nanoparticles. A designed MEMO–PMMA–Br monomer chain to reduce the damage on polymer membrane by TiO2. Water permeability and fouling resistance were significantly improved.
Photomechanical photochromism in a cetyltrimethylammonium isopolytungstate
Authors: Colusso Aaron V. , McDonagh Andrew M. , Gentle Angus , Cortie Michael B.
Published: May 2018

The photochromic properties of a hybrid compound comprised of the surfactant cation cetyltrimethylammonium [(C16H33)N(CH3)3]+ and the isopolytungstate anion [H2W12O40]6− is investigated.
Genetically encoded tags for real time dissection of protein assembly in living cells
Authors: Ma Guolin , Zhang Qian , He Lian , Nguyen Nhung T. , Liu Shuzhong , Gong Zuojiong , Huang Yun , Zhou Yubin
Published: May 2018

Genetically encoded tags (MoTags) to assess protein oligomeric states, probe protein structure and monitor protein–target interactions under physiological conditions in cellulo.
Copper-catalyzed enantioselective 1,2-borylation of 1,3-dienes
Authors: Liu Yangbin , Fiorito Daniele , Mazet Clément
Published: May 2018

A highly enantioselective Cu-catalyzed borylation of 2-substituted 1,3-dienes is reported.
An ultrasensitive polydopamine bi-functionalized SERS immunoassay for exosome-based diagnosis and classification of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Li Teng-Da , Zhang Ren , Chen Hui , Huang Zhi-Peng , Ye Xin , Wang Hui , Deng An-Mei , Kong Ji-Lie
Published: May 2018

Ultrasensitive polydopamine bi-functionalized surface enhanced Raman scattering immunoassay expedites exosome-based diagnosis and classification of pancreatic cancer.
Dissipative assemblies that inhibit their deactivation
Authors: Rieß Benedikt , Wanzke Caren , Tena-Solsona Marta , Grötsch Raphael K. , Maity Chandan , Boekhoven Job
Published: May 2018

We describe the fuel-driven dissipative self-assembly of metastable products into colloids. These assemblies inhibit their deactivation reaction and are thus more robust towards starvation periods.
Improved cycling stability of NiS2 cathodes through designing a “kiwano” hollow structure
Authors: Zhang Yaru , Lu Fei , Pan Lu , Xu Yong , Yang Yijun , Bando Yoshio , Golberg Dmitri , Yao Jiannian , Wang Xi
Published: May 2018

NiS2 with a unique “kiwano” structure was designed by a novel method. It showed superior cycle stability in LIBs.
Selectively anchoring Pt single atoms at hetero-interfaces of γ-Al2O3/NiS to promote the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Feng Yangyang , Guan Yongxin , Zhang Huijuan , Huang Zhengyong , Li Jian , Jiang Zhiqiang , Gu Xiao , Wang Yu
Published: May 2018

Single-atom doping plays a vital role in catalysis by maximally taking advantage of atom efficiency.
Electrically bioactive coating on Ti with bi-layered SnO2–TiO2 hetero-structure for improving osteointegration
Authors: Zhou Rui , Han Yong , Cao Jianyun , Li Ming , Jin Guorui , Luo Haoteng , Zhang Lizhai , Su Bo
Published: May 2018

SnO2–TiO2 surface with the bi-layered structure on Ti provides internal electric stimulation to promote osteointegration of implant.
Extended stribeck curves for food samples
Authors: Pondicherry Kartik S. , Rummel Florian , Laeuger Joerg
Published: May 2018

Stribeck curves have long been used for understanding the lubricating behaviour of oils and greases, and in the recent years for applications ranging from ball point inks to synovial fluids. In the current work, an attempt is made to show as to what one can read from Stribeck curves of food samples such as chocolate spread, sauce etc. Additionally, the effect of saliva – human and artificial – on the frictional behaviour has also been studied. The tests were carried out on an MCR Tribometer with a ball‐on‐three‐pin configuration. Polydimethylsiloxane and glass were used to simulate soft contact conditions that exist in the human mouth. Results from the tribological tests are plotted in the form of extended Stribeck curves, wherein, the friction coefficient is plotted as a function of rotational speed. Since the tribometer is capable of speeds as low as a few nanometres per second, it is also possible to observe the build‐up of static friction and its transition into the kinetic regime of friction. Results indicate that certain aspects of the Stribeck curve can offer an insight into the correlation between the frictional behaviour of food to their sensory feel.
Enhanced hydrogen sensitivity of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction gas sensors by GaN‐cap layer
Authors: Chung G. , Cha H.‐Y. , Kim H.
Published: May 2018

We fabricated Pt‐functionalised hydrogen gas sensors on AlGaN/GaN heterojunction platform and investigated the influence of GaN‐cap layer on the sensing characteristics. Pt‐Schottky diodes with GaN‐cap layer exhibited a larger change of Schottky barrier height than ones with no GaN‐cap layer when hydrogen gas was detected. Technology computer‐aided design simulation indicated that the increase of electron concentration at heterojunction can be magnified by a larger change of barrier height. The AlGaN/GaN FET‐type sensors with Pt catalyst on the gate area demonstrated significant enhancement of hydrogen gas sensitivity from 16 to 35% at 200°C when GaN cap layer was employed.
Identification of slot discharges in rotating machine insulation system using variable frequency PD measurement
Authors: Nair Ramesh P. , B. Vishwanath Sumangala , B. Rao Nageshwar
Published: May 2018

Slot discharge studies are very important from the insulation diagnosis perspective. Further in practice, testing of rotating machines with power frequency requires sources which are quite bulky and costly. Instead if the diagnosis is carried out at lower frequencies (<50 Hz), the size and cost of the test source can be reduced significantly. Therefore, it is important to know whether the study at low frequencies can be considered equivalent to study at power frequency. Hence, in this study, a slot discharge phenomenon occurring in a rotating machine insulation system was investigated experimentally at different frequencies (50, 10, 1 and 0.1 Hz). Slot discharges are known to have a distinct phase resolved partial discharge pattern for power frequency (50/60 Hz) excitation. These distinct patterns are useful in identifying the presence of slot discharge activity in rotating machines. Slot discharges were created on a 6.6 kV mica‐epoxy stator coil and the slot discharge characteristics measured at different frequencies are compared. Slot discharge measurements were repeated by varying the air gap between the insulation surface and grounded steel plate. The changes in slot discharge characteristics due to the increase in air gap were found similar at all frequencies. The comparison suggests that the identification of slot discharge is also possible from the partial discharge (PD) measurement at low frequencies.
Methodology of risk assessment and decomposition in power grid applications
Authors: Wawrzyniak Karol , Urresti Padrón Endika , Gomulski Krzysztof , Korab Roman , Jaworski Wojciech
Published: May 2018

The most common approach to risk assessment for power systems is based on the principle. Nevertheless, the economic rationale suggests its relaxation in cases where the consequences are relatively minor and exacerbation when they are large. This study addresses this need by proposing an alternative operational risk assessment methodology that is based on both probabilities and costs of possible contingencies. The foundations are built on listing all possible contingencies that may be considered by the transmission system operator (TSO). As only a subset of these contingencies can be examined in reasonable time, the upper and lower risk boundaries are introduced to quantify the risk underestimation. The ratio of those limits is used as an accuracy indicator, which – according to the desired level – may help the TSO to identify the required number of contingencies that have to be analysed. Furthermore, several approaches to improve the reduction of the number of simulated contingencies are discussed and the results obtained basing on the dynamic IEEE39 model are presented.
Economic impact of investments in weather forecasts for distribution system operators: the Italian case
Authors: Iannarelli Gaetano , Boccaletti Chiara
Published: May 2018

A larger integration worldwide of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the electricity distribution system is certainly desirable, to reduce CO2 emissions and to contribute to a sustainable development. However, the increasing penetration of renewable energy is a challenge for the system performance, because it affects the power quality and the load management, forecasting, and scheduling. To reduce the impact of intermittent energy sources on network security, it is mandatory to predict with reasonable accuracy the renewable energy variations. The study is mainly focused on solar energy and its integration with distribution network. The technical issues and the economic impact of more accurate weather forecasts are discussed with particular reference to the results of the absolutely first field tests on a new forecast system implemented in the Italian distribution network by the most important Italian distribution system operator. The fundamental role of land weather stations as a new essential component of the distribution network is highlighted.
Wie bewältigen Sie Angst?
Authors: Bastgen Anne , Locher Franziska
Published: May 2018

Welche Ängste haben Pflegende im Arbeitsalltag, wie gehen sie damit um und welche Copingstrategien werden im Team genutzt? Eine Studie gibt Antworten.
Präoperative Evaluation
Authors: Tomasi Roland , Zwißler Bernhard
Published: May 2018

Für die präoperative Evaluation sind die Erhebung der Anamnese und die körperliche Untersuchung essenziell. Technische Voruntersuchungen können die Evaluation
ergänzen. Die gemeinsamen Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaften für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Chirurgie und Innere Medizin aus dem Jahre 2010 zur
präoperativen Evaluation erwachsener Patienten vor elektiven, nicht kardiochirurgischen und nicht lungenresezierenden Eingriffen wurden 2017 aktualisiert. Diese
Empfehlungen beinhalten folgende Neuerungen: Die sorgfältige Anamnese wird um die Erfassung des Ernährungsstatus ergänzt. Große offene und laparoskopische
intraabdominelle Eingriffe zählen aktuell zu den Hochrisiko-Operationen. Neben dem Revised Cardiac Risk Index nach Lee wird zur Abschätzung des kardialen
Risikos auch der Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest Score empfohlen. Für die Abschätzung der präoperativen Prognose sollen neben der Ermittlung der
körperlichen Belastbarkeit noch zusätzlich die Begleiterkrankungen, der funktionelle Status, das Ausmaß von Frailty (“Gebrechlichkeit”) und das Risiko der
Operation mit einbezogen werden. Es werden 2 Scoring-Systeme für die Evaluierung des pulmonalen Risikos vorgestellt. Bei geplanten und verschiebbaren Eingriffen
mit einem relevanten Blutungsrisiko (>10 %) soll präoperativ zum Ausschluss einer ggf. behandelbaren Anämie die Hämoglobinkonzentration ermittelt werden. Bei
Patienten mit symptomatischen pulmonalen Erkrankungen und großen Oberbaucheingriffen besteht die Indikation zur Durchführung einer Lungenfunktionsdiagnostik.
Deutlich häufiger sollte zukünftig die Indikation für eine Sonografie der Halsgefäße gestellt werden.
P2Y12 Polymorphisms and the Risk of Adverse Clinical Events in Patients Treated with Clopidogrel: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Kun , Yang Ming , Lu Yanxia , Sun Shusen , Li Wei , Li Xingang , Zhao Zhigang
Published: May 2018

Background and study aim Some studies have reported an association between P2Y12 gene polymorphisms and clopidogrel adverse outcomes with inconsistent results. We aimed to explore the relationship between P2Y12 polymorphisms and the risk of adverse clinical events in patients treated with clopidogrel through a meta-analysis.

Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Retrieved articles were comprehensively reviewed and eligible studies were included, and the relevant data was extracted for this meta-analysis. All statistical tests were performed by the Review Manager 5.3 software.

Results A total of 14 studies involving 8,698 patients were included. In the Han Chinese population, ischemic events were associated with P2Y12 T744C polymorphism in the CC vs TT+CT genetic model (OR=3.32, 95%CI=1.62-6.82, P=0.001), and the events were associated with P2Y12 C34T polymorphism in the TT+TC vs CC genetic model (OR=1.70, 95%CI=1.22-2.36, P=0.002). However, ischemic events were not related to P2Y12 G52T polymorphism (TT+TG vs GG: OR=1.13, 95%CI=0.76-1.68, P=0.56; TT vs GG+TG: OR=2.02, 95%CI=0.65-6.28, P=0.22). The associations between the P2Y12 polymorphism and ischemic events were not significant in T744C, G52T and C34T genotype for another subgroup of the Caucasian population (P>0.05). Only two studies referring to bleeding events were included in this analysis of C34T polymorphism, and no significant association was found (TT+TC vs CC: OR=1.07, 95%CI=0.37-3.15, P=0.90).

Conclusions In the Caucasian population, P2Y12 gene polymorphisms are not associated with clinical events. However, in the Chinese Han population, P2Y12 T744C and C34T polymorphisms are significantly associated with adverse clinical events.
Dimerization of Benzyl and Allyl Halides via Photoredox-Mediated Disproportionation of Organozinc Reagents
Authors: Dilman Alexander , Levin Vitalij , Agababyan Daniil , Struchkova Marina
Published: May 2018

Benzyl and allyl halides undergo homocoupling when treated with zinc in the presence of a catalytic amount of a cationic iridium(III) complex under irradiation with 400 nm light-emitting diodes. The reaction proceeds through the intermediate formation of an organozinc reagent, which disproportionates to a free radical and elemental zinc under photoredox conditions.
Synthesis of Fused Purine Heterocycles via a One-pot Cascade Reaction of a Trisubstituted Pyrimidine
Authors: Fan Huihong , Liu Bo , Gong Yaling , Lu Shichao , Li Dandan
Published: May 2018

A rapid and expedient one-pot procedure for the synthesis of fused purine derivatives from a trisubstituted pyrimidine and various amines has been developed. The tandem substitution reaction and copper(I)-catalyzed annulation exhibited high efficiency. The fused heterocyclic products contain the purine scaffold and may be useful in medicinal chemistry and bioscience.
One-Pot Selective Synthesis of Multisubstituted Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones by a Ugi 4CR/Catalytic Aza-Wittig Sequence
Authors: Yan Yan-Mei , Ding Ming-Wu , Li Hao-Yang , Ren Jing , Wang Song
Published: May 2018

A facile, one-pot synthesis of multisubstituted quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones via a Ugi 4CR/catalytic aza-Wittig sequence has been developed. In the presence of a catalytic amount of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-phospholene 1-oxide, the reaction of 2-aminobenzoyl azides, aldehydes, ketoacids, and isocyanides selectively produces quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones as the sole products in high yields.
Sarcopenia: Beyond Muscle Atrophy and into the New Frontiers of Opportunistic Imaging, Precision Medicine, and Machine Learning
Authors: Lenchik Leon , Boutin Robert
Published: May 2018

As populations continue to age worldwide, the impact of sarcopenia on public health will continue to grow. The clinically relevant and increasingly common diagnosis of sarcopenia is at the confluence of three tectonic shifts in medicine: opportunistic imaging, precision medicine, and machine learning. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art imaging of sarcopenia and provides context for such imaging by discussing the epidemiology, pathophysiology, consequences, and future directions in the field of sarcopenia.
Accessory Muscles of the Extremities
Authors: Desimpel Julie , Mespreuve Marc , Tagliafico Alberto , Vanhoenacker Filip
Published: May 2018

Accessory muscles and variations are not uncommon at the upper and lower extremity. They are often overlooked because they are asymptomatic and present as incidental findings on imaging. However, they may present as a soft tissue swelling, thereby mimicking soft tissue tumors. Other symptoms are attributed to impingement on neurovascular structures and to exercise-related pain. Thorough knowledge of the anatomy, systematic imaging analysis, and the awareness of it are the clues to correct identification. On ultrasound, accessory muscles have a similar echotexture as other muscles, whereas the signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is similar to muscle. Because of the intrinsic contrast with the adjacent intermuscular fat, accessory muscles are best depicted on MRI without fat suppression. This article provides a short overview of the anatomy of most prevalent accessory muscles of the upper and lower limb and its potential pathogenic nature.
The Global Burden of Headache
Authors: Steiner Timothy , Saylor Deanna
Published: May 2018

At the turn of the century, most of the world's population lived in regions where the prevalence of headache was unknown and its impact poorly understood. Lifting The Burden (LTB), a nonprofit organization in official relations with the World Health Organization, established the Global Campaign against Headache, with the ultimate purpose of reducing the burden of headache worldwide. First, the scope and scale of this burden had to be known. LTB embarked upon a program of population-based studies in countries in all world regions in order to achieve its aim. Its studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of headache disorders, including migraine, tension-type headache, and medication-overuse headache, and their associations with impaired quality of life, substantial lost productivity, and high economic costs in every country surveyed. Informed by these, the Global Burden of Disease study ranks headache disorders as the second leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide; migraine alone is third among people aged 15 to 49 years. With interventions urgently needed to reduce these burdens throughout the world, we review the epidemiological studies conducted by LTB, examine proposed interventions to improve provision of headache care including a three-tier system of structured headache services, and consider the challenges still remaining in providing effective, efficient, and equitable headache care especially in low-income countries.
Nerve Entrapment in Ankle and Foot: Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: McNally Eugene , Chari Basavaraj
Published: May 2018

Peripheral nerve entrapment of the ankle and foot is relatively uncommon and often underdiagnosed because electrophysiologic studies may not contribute to the diagnosis. Anatomy of the peripheral nerves is variable and complex, and along with a comprehensive physical examination, a thorough understanding of the applied anatomy is essential. Several studies have helped identify specific areas in which nerves are commonly compressed. Identified secondary causes of nerve compression include previous trauma, osteophytes, ganglion cysts, edema, accessory muscles, tenosynovitis, vascular lesions, and a primary nerve tumor. Imaging plays a key role in identifying primary and secondary causes of nerve entrapment, specifically ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging. US is a dynamic imaging modality that is cost effective and offers excellent resolution. Symptoms of nerve entrapment may mimic other common foot and ankle conditions such as plantar fasciitis.
Understanding Refugees' Health
Authors: Müller Martin , Khamis Dana , Srivastava David , Exadaktylos Aristomenis , Pfortmueller Carmen
Published: May 2018

According to the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), 65.6 million people have been forcibly displaced worldwide. Several factors have a major influence on asylum seekers' health; so, their health profile is markedly different from that of the population in the country of asylum. The aim of this study is to review the major issues physicians need to be aware of when treating asylum seekers, with a special focus on the neurological problems of asylum seekers and refugees. The major impact factors on refugees' health are linked to experiences and exposure (1) in the country of origin, (2) in refugee camps and en route to Europe, and (3) in the process of immigration into the host country and living in European asylum centers. Refugees' health is also affected by psychological problems and by infectious diseases. Additionally, chronic diseases resulting in polymorbidity, cancer, and neurological diseases are easy to overlook and demand special attention. Neurological injuries/diseases may be traumatic (e.g., spinal cord injuries), posttraumatic (e.g., chronic pain syndromes), the result of cerebral infections, or the consequences of starvation (e.g., epilepsy, ataxia, and paraesthesia). The main challenges for physicians are lack of awareness of the asylum seekers' specific health care problems, language and intercultural communication problems, as well as access and integration of asylum seekers into the health care system. The health issues of asylum seekers are manifold and challenging to physicians. Awareness of these conditions is mandatory to ensure good clinical practice for this patient population, which has a huge burden in chronic, infectious, mental, and neurological diseases.
The “Growing” Reality of the Neurological Complications of Global “Stem Cell Tourism”
Authors: Julian Katie , Yuhasz Nick , Hollingsworth Ethan , Imitola Jaime
Published: May 2018

“Stem cell tourism” is defined as the unethical practice of offering unproven cellular preparations to patients suffering from various medical conditions. This phenomenon is rising in the field of neurology as patients are requesting information and opportunities for treatment with stem cells for incurable conditions such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, despite their clinical research and experimental designation. Here, we review the recent trends in “stem cell tourism” in both the United States and abroad, and discuss the recent reports of neurological complications from these activities. Finally, we frame critical questions for the field of neurology regarding training in the ethical, legal, and societal issues of the global “stem cell tourism,” as well as suggest strategies to alleviate this problem. Although there are ongoing legitimate clinical trials with stem cells for neurological diseases, procedures offered by “stem cell clinics” cannot be defined as clinical research. They lack the experimental and state-of-the-art framework defined by peers and the FDA that focus on human research that safeguard the protection of human subjects against economical exploitation, unwanted side effects, and futility of unproven procedures. “Stem cell tourism” ultimately exploits therapeutic hope of patients and families with incurable neurological diseases and can put in danger the legitimacy of stem cell research as a whole. We posit that an improvement in education, regulation, legislation, and involvement of authorities in global health in neurology and neurosurgery is required.
Infantile Basal Ganglia Stroke after Mild Head Trauma Associated with Mineralizing Angiopathy of Lenticulostriate Arteries: An Under Recognized Entity
Authors: Avetisyan Tamara , Kuyumjyan Nune , Sukhudyan Biayna , Boltshauser Eugen , Hackenberg Annette , Toelle Sandra
Published: May 2018

Basal ganglia infarction in young children, mostly after mild head trauma, has been repeatedly reported. The pathogenesis and the risk factors are not fully understood. Lenticulostriate vasculopathy, usually referred to as basal ganglia calcification, is discussed as one of them. We describe five young (7–13 months old on presentation) male children who suffered from hemiparesis due to ischemic stroke of the basal ganglia, four of them after minor head trauma. All of them had calcification in the basal ganglia visible on computed tomography or cranial ultrasound but not on magnetic resonance imaging. Follow-up care was remarkable for recurrent infarction in three patients. One patient had a second symptomatic stroke on the contralateral side, and two patients showed new asymptomatic infarctions in the contralateral basal ganglia on imaging. In view of the scant literature, this clinic-radiologic entity seems under recognized. We review the published cases and hypothesize that male sex and iron deficiency anemia are risk factors for basal ganglia stroke after minor trauma in the context of basal ganglia calcification in infants. We suggest to perform appropriate targeted neuroimaging in case of infantile basal ganglia stroke, and to consider prophylactic medical treatment, although its value in this context is not proven.
Patient-Specific Instrumentation Affects Perioperative Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Cucchi Davide , Menon Alessandra , Zanini Beatrice , Compagnoni Riccardo , Ferrua Paolo , Randelli Pietro
Published: May 2018

Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) may contribute to reduced blood loss related to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to compare the estimated hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cell volume (RBC) losses in two groups of patients undergoing TKA with PSI and conventional instrumentation. Pre- and postoperative blood samples were collected from 22 patients randomly assigned to receive a PSI-assisted or conventional TKA. Post- to preoperative Hb difference was calculated and RBC loss was estimated according to Sehat et al. A significant difference in Hb reduction in favor of the PSI group was registered on the last day of stay (p = 0.0084) and significant treatment effect (p = 0.027) on Hb reduction after intervention was found with a regression model for longitudinal measurements. This study demonstrated that PSI leads to a significant trend in earlier Hb regain. These promising results suggest a beneficial effect of PSI in blood loss reduction.
Presence of Invasive Devices and Risks of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Sepsis
Authors: VanBuren John , Holubkov Richard , Bratton Susan , Bennett Erin
Published: May 2018

The present study evaluated the daily risk of healthcare-associated infections and sepsis (HAIS) events in pediatric intensive care unit patients with invasive devices. This was a retrospective cohort study. Invasive devices were associated with significant daily risk of HAIS (p < 0.05). Endotracheal tubes posed the greatest risk of HAIS (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.39, confidence interval [CI]: 2.59–7.46). Children with both a central venous catheter (CVC) and urinary catheter (UC) had over 2.5-fold increased daily risk (HR: 2.59, CI: 1.18–5.68), in addition to daily CVC risk (HR: 3.06, CI: 1.38–6.77) and daily UC risk (HR: 8.9, CI: 3.62–21.91). We conclude that a multistate hazard model optimally predicts daily HAIS risk.