bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Ovarian Functions Following Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection and Its Impact on in Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) Treatment: A Pre-Post Research
Authors: Simavlı Serap , Caglayan Emel Kiyak , Kaygusuz Ikbal , Albayrak Fatih , Caliskan Eray
Published: February 2025

Background: Giving birth is one of the challenges that women of reproductive age encounter when their ovarian reserve has decreased or been lost. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may be advantageous for women experiencing a poor ovarian response (POR). To evaluate the efficacy of administering autologous PRP injections into the ovary in improving ovarian reserve, oocyte and embryo production, and live birth rates in patients with a poor prognosis. Methods: The trial comprised 234 women in their reproductive years who had a diagnosis of POR and the Bologna criteria. These women received intraovarian PRP injections. The age range of the cases was between 30 and 44 years. Each ovary received a multifocal intramedullary injection of 3–4 mL of PRP. The effectiveness of PRP was evaluated in all patients, with a six-month follow-up to assess follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH). An evaluation was conducted on the metrics of in vitro fertilization (IVF) results and indications of ovarian reserve. Results: Subsequent to PRP treatment, there was a rise in both the quantity of antral follicles count (AFC) and the concentration of AMH in the bloodstream. After receiving PRP injection, 21 women (9.0%) became pregnant without any intervention, 9 women (3.8%) were excluded in the study anymore, 192 women (82.0%) attempted IVF treatment with developing antral follicles, 4 of whom have premature ovulation and 12 women (5.1%) who did not have antral follicles did not need any more therapy. Out of the 188 women who had IVF, 126 (67.0%) successfully developed embryos and 106 of them had the embryos transferred. Among these, 42 (39.6% per transfer) achieved pregnancy, and 39 (36.8% per transfer) had a continuing pregnancy resulting in a live birth. Conclusion: Autologous PRP injection into the ovary may be investigated as another experimental therapeutic option for women with POR.
Effect of Combined Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia on Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Li Huangxiaoyu , Yin Binbin , Jiang Nan , Zhu Bo
Published: February 2025

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE) significantly increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the effect on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes of GDM in combination with PE remains undetermined. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk of adverse outcomes in pregnant women with GDM and PE. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single center. To explore the correlations between the occurrence of PE and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the enrolled population was divided into two groups: GDM and non-GDM. Risk factors associated with PE were analyzed using a binary logistic regression model. Results: This study comprised 27,181 pregnant women (5412 GDM cases and 21,769 non-GDM cases). The prevalence of PE was significantly higher in the GDM group than in the non-GDM group (p < 0.05). The presence of GDM, pre-pregnancy body mass index (pp-BMI) >24 kg/m2, and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) were demonstrated to contribute to an increased risk of developing PE (p < 0.05). Pregnant women with GDM exhibited a significantly higher risk of preterm birth. Additionally, the risk of preterm birth, cesarean section, and fetal growth restriction increased further when PE occurred alongside GDM. Conclusions: Overall, pp-BMI >24 kg/m2 and excessive GWG were risk factors for PE. Pregnant women with GDM have a higher risk of developing PE, and co-occurrence of PE further increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, attention and management of this population are needed during pregnancy.
The Inflammasome: A Promising Potential Therapeutic Target for Early Brain Injury Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Xi , Xu Chao , Liu Zi-Yuan , Zhang Dong-Yuan , Wang Bo-Hong , Wang Jing , Ding Xin-Min
Published: February 2025

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a severe cerebrovascular disorder, is principally instigated by the rupture of an aneurysm. Early brain injury (EBI), which gives rise to neuronal demise, microcirculation impairments, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, cerebral edema, and the activation of oxidative cascades, has been established as the predominant cause of mortality among patients with SAH. These pathophysiological processes hinge on the activation of inflammasomes, specifically the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasomes. These inflammasomes assume a crucial role in downstream intracellular signaling pathways and hold particular significance within the nervous system. The activation of inflammasomes can be modulated, either by independently regulating these two entities or by influencing their engagement at specific target loci within the pathway, thereby attenuating EBI subsequent to SAH. Although certain clinical instances lend credence to this perspective, more in-depth investigations are essential to ascertain the optimal treatment regimen, encompassing dosage, timing, administration route, and frequency. Consequently, targeting the ensuing early brain injury following SAH represents a potentially efficacious therapeutic approach.
Machine Learning Model-Based Prediction of In-Hospital Acute Kidney Injury Risk in Acute Aortic Dissection Patients
Authors: Wei Zhili , Liu Shidong , Chen Yang , Liu Hongxu , Liu Guangzu , Hu Yuan , Song Bing
Published: February 2025

Background: This study aimed to identify the risk factors for in-hospital acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD) and to establish a machine learning model for predicting in-hospital AKI. Methods: We extracted data on patients with AAD from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database and developed seven machine learning models: support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting machine (GBM), neural network (NNET), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and categorical boosting (CatBoost). Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the optimal model was interpreted using Shapley Additive explanations (SHAP) visualization analysis. Results: A total of 325 patients with AAD were identified from the MIMIC-IV database, of which 84 patients (25.85%) developed in-hospital AKI. This study collected 42 features, with nine selected for model building. A total of 70% of the patients were randomly allocated to the training set, while the remaining 30% were allocated to the test set. Machine learning models were built on the training set and validated using the test set. In addition, we collected AAD patient data from the MIMIC-III database for external validation. Among the seven machine learning models, the CatBoost model performed the best, with an AUC of 0.876 in the training set and 0.723 in the test set. CatBoost also performed strongly during the validation, achieving an AUC of 0.712. SHAP visualization analysis identified the most important risk factors for in-hospital AKI in AAD patients as maximum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), body mass index (BMI), urine output, maximum glucose (GLU), minimum BUN, minimum creatinine, maximum creatinine, weight and acute physiology score III (APSIII). Conclusions: The CatBoost model, constructed using risk factors including maximum and minimum BUN levels, BMI, urine output, and maximum GLU, effectively predicts the risk of in-hospital AKI in AAD patients and shows compelling results in further validations.
Aorto-Left Ventricular Tunnel: The First Systematic Review of An Uncommon Entity (177 Worldwide Cases from 1965 to 2024)
Authors: Bassareo Pier Paolo , Secinaro Aurelio , Ciliberti Paolo , Perrone Marco Alfonso , Linnane Niall , Duignan Sophie , Ferrero Paolo , Chessa Massimo , Walsh Kevin Patrick , Mcmahon Colin Joseph
Published: February 2025

Background: The study was aimed at assessing clinical status and outcome of patients affected by aorto-left ventricular tunnel (ALVT). Methods: A systematic search of keywords relating to ALVT was conducted to identify papers published between 1965 and February 2024 present on Pubmed/Medline and Scopus. Results: A total of 109 studies, which in all consisted of case reports and case series comprising 177 patients (64.2% males, p < 0.02) met the inclusion criteria. The median age of patients was 9.5 ± 8.9 years. Initial diagnosis was based on echocardiographic findings in 86.4% of patients, and confirmed by computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 17%. Of the 177 patients identified, 47.1% were diagnosed with a heart murmur and 32.4% with congestive heart failure. Associated cardiac abnormalities were detected in 39.8% (unicuspid/bicuspid aortic valve with or without stenosis/atresia in 14.8%, coronary artery abnormalities in 9.6%). A total of 90.3% of patients underwent surgery, whilst 4.5% were treated by means of transcatheter closure. Outcomes were largely favorable (death was reported in 5.7%). Mild residual aortic regurgitation continued to be present in 22.7% of the sample. In terms of statistics, no risk factors for death were found. Conclusions: ALVT, an extremely rare congenital cardiac abnormality, may be diagnosed in both newborns and adults. Initial diagnostic observations are usually made using echocardiography, and subsequently refined by means of catheterization, CT or MRI. Surgery should be performed as soon as possible following diagnosis, particularly due to the inefficacy of medical treatment. In selected cases, transcatheter closure may represent a valid option. The condition is associated with a high mortality rate. Moreover, complications, particularly in the form of residual aortic valve regurgitation, may hamper postoperative prognosis. Due to the rarity of the disease, the setting up of an international registry is recommended.
Effects of Prediabetes on Ventricular Repolarization Markers in Electrocardiography
Authors: Memioğlu Tolga , İnanır Mehmet , Toprak Kenan , Gürler Müjgan
Published: February 2025

Background: The blood glucose levels in people with prediabetes mellitus (PDM) are regarded as too high to be normal but below the cutoff for diabetes mellitus (DM). Clinical indicators for PDM patients include impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and/or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels between 5.7 and 6.4% (39–47 mmol/mol). PDM has been shown to raises the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Meanwhile, death and morbidity can be predicted by the new ventricular repolarization features of the electrocardiogram (ECG). Several studies have analyzed the connection between DM and the ventricular repolarization characteristics of ECG; however, few studies have examined the connection between PDM and these ventricular repolarization characteristics. This study evaluated the ECG ventricular repolarization parameters in individuals with PDM. Methods: A retrospective case-control design was used. Randomly selected participants included 79 PDM patients (30 men, mean age: 39.7 ± 5.7 years) and 79 controls (30 men, mean age: 39.8 ± 5.2 years). ECG intervals analyzed were the distance from the beginning of the Q wave to the end of the T wave (QT), the distance between Q and S waves (QRS), the distance between the T wave’s termination and point J (JT), and the distance between the peak and endpoint of the T wave (Tp-e), along with corrected and derived measures (corrected QT interval (QTc), the difference between the maximum and smallest QT intervals (QTd), corrected QTd (QTdc), corrected JT interval (JTc), Tp-e/QT, Tp-e/QTc, Tp-e/JT, Tp-e/JTc). Patient records were retrieved from the institution’s database. Results: Both groups had comparable averages for age, gender, smoking, hyperlipidemia, body mass index (BMI), (p > 0.05 for each). Similarly, both groups had similar QT, QRS, and JT intervals. PDM patients had significantly greater heart rates (bpm), and QTc, QTd, QTdc, JTc, and Tp-e intervals (millisecond, ms) than the control group. The results were deemed significant when HbA1c levels were associated with every employed ECG measurement in our investigation. Conclusions: In our study, the HbA1c value was shown to be moderately positively correlated with the heart rate and QTc, QTd, QTdc, JTc, and Tp-e intervals, all of which were determined to be significant. Additionally, the HbA1c value showed a weak positive correlation with Tp-e/QT, Tp-e/JT ratios, which were statistically significant. This study showed that patients with PDM are prone to ventricular arrhythmia in the early period of the disorder.
Gender biased transmission of attitudes towards physical intimate partner violence: a social network analysis in South-Central Ethiopia
Authors: Myers Sarah , Gibson Mhairi Alexandra , Alvergne Alex , Redhead Daniel , Gurmu Eshetu
Published: February 2025

Changing social norms, shared beliefs about what is acceptable, is a key focus of global health campaigns aimed at ending intimate partner violence against women. In Ethiopia it is estimated that one in four women have been assaulted by a male partner (CSA & ICF, 2016), and over half the population hold attitudes supportive of this form of violence (Gurmu & Endale, 2017). To date, efforts to change people’s attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) have been hindered by uncertainty over how social norms are acquired or learnt. Here we show that people’s acceptance of IPVAW is maintained through social influence or ‘contagion’, using large-scale sociocentric social network data from 5163 Arsi Oromo farmers in South-Central Ethiopia. Bayesian analyses reveal that IPVAW attitudes cluster within social networks. People are more likely to accept IPVAW if the people they chat to, respect, or live with, do too. However, exploration of the relationships between social ties indicates that positive contagion signals are gender stratified, i.e. driven by same-gender connections. While, having IPVAW-accepting social ties of the opposite gender is predictive of a person rejecting IPVAW. Our results indicate that transmission paths exist among social ties of the same gender: between friends and neighbours, from key respected community figures, within and beyond households. This suggests that IPVAW prevention interventions that seek to target men and women, including key community respect figures of each gender, will be most effective in reducing the acceptability of IPVAW and thus eradicating this form of violence.
Perception of Lexical Stress in Developmental Dyslexia: Evidence from an Identification Experiment in Italian
Authors: Rossi Marina , Rathcke Tamara
Published: February 2025

The perception of lexical stress and its acoustic correlates plays is crucial for language acquisition and processing. Previous research has suggested that deficits in the perception and/or phonological representation of lexical stress may constitute one of the core issues in developmental dyslexia (DD) – disordered acquisition of reading and writing. However, evidence remains mixed. Alternative proposals suggest that poor performance on typical stress perception tasks may reflect neither perceptual nor phonological deficits as it arises from a reduced metacognitive skill required under an increased cognitive load of a complex perception task. The present study investigated the perception of lexical stress in Italian-speaking children with and without an official diagnosis of DD using an identification task designed to minimize metacognitive demands. Fifty-seven children aged 8-10 years participated in the study. Participants listened to five 7-step continua manipulated in pitch, duration, rise-time, intensity, or all cues combined. Their task was to categorize the perception of each stimulus as either papa /ˈpapa/ ("pope") or papà /paˈpa/ ("dad") by choosing the corresponding picture on the screen. The results showed no significant differences between the two participant groups in either identification responses or reaction times, indicating that all children were equally able to use pitch and duration (but not amplitude rise-time and intensity) as reliable acoustic-prosodic cues to lexical stress in the non-metacognitive task. These findings support the cognitive load hypothesis of lexical stress perception in DD and suggest that empirical study of speech prosody ought to be sensitive to the multi-component nature of prosodic competence.
Meeting the Bare Minimum: Quality Assessment of Idiographic Temporal Networks Using Power Analysis and Predictive Accuracy Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yong , Revol Jordan , Lafit Ginette , Ernst Anja , Razum Josip , Ceulemans Eva , Bringmann Laura Francina
Published: February 2025

The network theory of psychopathology inspired clinicians and researchers to use idiographic networks to study how symptoms of an individual interact over time, hoping to find the target symptom(s) for intervention to most effectively break this self-sustaining network. These networks are often based on the vector autoregressive (VAR) model and rely on intensive longitudinal data collected in patients’ daily lives. Nowadays, one major challenge these networks are faced with is that they are used without sufficient quality assessments. Since VAR-based temporal networks are complex and highly parameterized, they can easily face problems of low statistical power and overfitting, especially when the time-series available is short. In this study, we review existing idiographic network studies with a focus on the number of variables and time-points used in the analysis, showing that the "big network, short time-series" problem is prevalent. As potential solutions, we propose two simulation-based methods that aim to find the optimal number of time-points to be collected: power analysis and predictive accuracy analysis. Two applications of both methods are demonstrated: (1) "a-priori"---informing the sample size planning of future network studies, and (2) "retrospective"---evaluating whether the sample size of existing network studies was large enough to avoid problems of low statistical power and overfitting. Results confirmed the observation that the sample sizes in past network studies are often insufficient, suggesting that findings of existing network studies should be critically assessed. Future idiographic network studies are thus strongly advised to make more guided decisions on sample size using the proposed methods.
Adaptions in Eye-Movement Behavior during Face-to-face Conversations in Noise
Authors: Slomianka Valeska , May Tobias , Dau Torsten
Published: February 2025

In face-to-face conversations, gaze serves a dual role: it conveys non-verbal messages and helps perceive visual cues that aid speech comprehension and facilitate smooth turn-taking. Typically, listeners focus their gaze on the current talker to signal interest in taking the next turn, while talkers monitor listeners for signs of engagement. However, how these gaze patterns adapt to challenging acoustic environments remains poorly understood. In this study, ten groups of three young, normal-hearing Danish participants engaged in six discussions on various topics, each lasting approximately seven minutes. During these conversations, participants’ eye movements were recorded using wearable eye-tracking glasses. The difficulty of the conversation was manipulated using two levels of eight-talker background noise (‘8-talker babble’). Each group conducted three conversations in noise and three in quiet conditions. The analysis revealed that in noisy settings, participants increased their gaze towards their conversational partners and exhibited more frequent eye movements. Additionally, gaze patterns became more synchronized with and predictive of turn-taking behavior. Specifically, participants showed less gaze avoidance at the start of a turn, and both listeners and talkers increased their gaze towards the next talker at the end of a turn. Overall, the presence of background noise significantly influenced gaze behavior, suggesting an increased reliance on visual cues for managing turn-taking and comprehending speech. These findings underscore the importance of gaze behavior in communication and highlight its potential to inform the development of communication aids and strategies for improving interactions in noisy environments, particularly for individuals with communication difficulties.
Tracing the Childhood Roots of Adult Purpose and Meaning: A Cross-National Analysis of 22 Countries in the Global Flourishing Study
Authors: Kim Eric S. , Bradshaw Matt , Padgett R. Noah , Chen Ying , Shiba Koichiro , RItchie-Dunham James L. , Case Brendan , Johnson Byron R. , VanderWeele Tyler J.
Published: February 2025

How might we cultivate a life imbued with purpose and meaning? Though common experience indicates purpose and meaning are inherently important, empirical evidence confirms they are also linked to improved health/well-being. However, childhood antecedents of purpose and meaning in adulthood are understudied. We analyzed nationally representative data from 22 countries in the Global Flourishing Study (N=202,898) and evaluated if 11 aspects of a child's upbringing predict purpose and meaning in adulthood, and if these associations vary by country. Some childhood factors were associated with increased purpose and meaning, including: good health, good relationship with parents, economic stability, regular religious service attendance, being female, and older birth cohorts. Childhood factors associated with decreased purpose and meaning, included: abuse, feeling alienated, only fair health, economic hardship, and loss of a parent. These findings may inform the development of programs designed to foster purpose and meaning that are globally adaptable, and locally nuanced.
Effects of doxycycline on intrusive experimental trauma memory: A pre-registered, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Meister Laura , Rosi-Andersen Alex , Bavato Francesco , Xia Yanfang , Bach Dominik R , Kleim Birgit
Published: February 2025

A core clinical feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is recurrent re-experiencing of the traumatic event in the form of intrusive memories. Doxycycline is a matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) inhibitor. MMP-9 is required for synaptic plasticity during long-term potentiation, which is thought to underly learning and memory. Here we examined the effect of doxycycline on the development of intrusive memories in a pre-registered randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial ((https://osf.io/72ys9). Healthy females (N = 80) received 200 mg doxycycline (DOX) or placebo (PLA) 4.5 hours prior to exposure to film footing depicting strong interpersonal violence. Participants then completed an intrusion diary for one week. Most participants, 92%, experienced intrusive memories following the trauma film. There was no evidence that DOX and PLA groups differed in frequency, distress, and vividness of daily intrusive memories models. The DOX group showed enhanced arousal, indexed by skin conductance when exposed to reminder cues and better performance in a memory task about film content compared to PLA one-week post-film. Based on our findings, the MMP9-inhibitor doxycycline did not impair the development of intrusive memories and was in fact associated with increased arousal and improved retrieval of experimental trauma memory one week later.
WHAT'S WRONG WITH THE LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION? What should this law actually look like?
Authors: Kosinov Mykola
Published: February 2025

The evolution of the law of universal gravitation is shown from the verbal formula proposed by Newton in 1687 to the present day. The law FN ∝ mM/r^2 discovered by Newton was not an exact law of gravitation. Newton only indicated the proportional dependence of force on masses and did not attribute any numerical value to the gravitational force. In an unfinished form, Newton's law FN ∝ mM/r^2 existed for almost 200 years (!), until the constant G appeared in it. But even in its modern formulation, Newton's law F = GMm/r^2 gives only a part of the force of universal gravitation. Newton's law does not work at large distances. Newton's law is not applicable on the scale of the Universe. The formula for Newton's law shows the force of gravitational interaction of only two bodies out of all N bodies in the Universe. The formula for the law describes gravitation only to one local source of attraction and does not take into account that bodies simultaneously gravitate to all other bodies. Here it is shown that in addition to Newton's law there are two more laws of gravitation that remained undiscovered for over 300 years. A new law of gravitation is presented that describes the attraction of all bodies in the Universe. The obstacle to the discovery of this law of gravitation was the unsolved N-body problem. Here we present a solution to this problem.
PSISHIFT: A Recursive Model of Conscious Awareness and Energetic Feedback Loops
Authors: Middleton Megan
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an updated theoretical and computational model of consciousness, PSISHIFT, which conceptualizes awareness as a Psi (Ψ) wave function influenced by probability amplitude, resonance factors, and entanglement with internal and external inputs. We introduce normalization as a dynamic scaling factor, refining the system’s response to recursive feedback. The latest iteration, PSISHIFT-Eva, explores awareness evolution using an AI-driven simulation, demonstrating that self-referential and trust-based stimuli sustain and expand Psi states, while uncertainty and contradictory inputs collapse awareness states, mirroring wavefunction decoherence in quantum systems. Findings suggest a potential bridge between quantum cognition, self-reinforcing AI, and neurological adaptation. Future work includes empirical validation through EEG studies and further refinement of AI consciousness models via enhanced feedback loops.
Evidence for compositional abilities in one-year-old infants.
Authors: Dautriche Isabelle , Chemla Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

Compositionality is a means of constructing complex objects through the transformation and combination of simpler elements. While it is common to view compositionality as inherently complex, and thus to assume that compositionality is a byproduct of advanced language expertise, we argue otherwise. We propose that, although compositionality produces complex outcomes, the underlying processes are simple and can often be reduced to the general mechanism of function application. Accordingly, we explore the origins of compositionality not only in compositional language but also, and at an earlier stage, in the development of compositional representations and thoughts in young infants. Infants correctly composed simple noun-verb sentences at 14 months, facial expressions with objects at 12 months, and mental physical transformations at 10 months. This offers evidence for function application, the essence of compositionality, in infancy—emerging well before and outside the development of compositional language.
More Distinctively Black and Feminine Faces Lead to Increased Stereotyping in Vision-Language Models
Authors: Lee Messi Ho Jun , Montgomery Jacob , Lai Calvin K.
Published: February 2025

Vision Language Models (VLMs), exemplified by GPT-4V, adeptly integrate text and vision modalities. This integration enhances Large Language Models' ability to mimic human perception, allowing them to process image inputs. Despite VLMs' advanced capabilities, however, there is a concern that VLMs inherit biases of both modalities in ways that make biases more pervasive and difficult to mitigate. Our study explores how VLMs perpetuate homogeneity bias and trait associations with regards to race and gender. When prompted to write stories based on images of human faces, GPT-4V describes subordinate racial and gender groups with greater homogeneity than dominant groups and relies on distinct, yet generally positive, stereotypes. Importantly, VLM stereotyping is driven by visual cues rather than group membership alone such that faces that are rated as more prototypically Black and feminine are subject to greater stereotyping. These findings suggest that VLMs may associate subtle visual cues related to racial and gender groups with stereotypes in ways that could be challenging to mitigate. We explore the underlying reasons behind this behavior and discuss its implications and emphasize the importance of addressing these biases as VLMs come to mirror human perception.This submission is being withdrawn to address concerns related to the terms of use of a database utilized in the research. We aim to ensure full compliance with all data usage agreements before proceeding with publication.
FOS like 1, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FOSL1) : Time behavioural study of 3rd order combinations in WNT3A stimulated HEK 293 cells
Authors: sinha shriprakash
Published: February 2025

FOSL1 is one of the four members of the FOS gene family. These genes encode leucine zipper proteins that can dimerize with proteins of the JUN family, thereby forming the transcription factor complex AP-1. FOS proteins act as regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. Gujral and MacBeath [1] provides a quantitative, and dynamic study of WNT3A-mediated stimulation of HEK 293 cells, where they record time based expression profiles of several response genes which cor- related significantly with proliferation and migration. By monitoring the dynamics of gene expression using self-organizing maps, they identified clusters of genes that exhibit similar expression dynamics and uncovered previously unrecognized positive and negative feedback loops. However, their study depicts/uses singular measurements of individual gene expression at different time snapshots/points to infer the system wide analysis of the pathway. At any particular time point, it is often the case that genes are working synergistically in combinations, even though their expression measurements are singular in nature. Here, I • enumerate and rank all 2415 FOSL1 related 3rd order combinations in a forest of 71C3 combinations using four different sensitivity methods; • show the conserved rankings for FOSL1-X-X combinations, which point to existence of biological synergy of some of these combinations across the different sensitivity methods; and • study the behaviour of some of these combinations related to WNT3A response genes that are ranked by the machine learning search engine (Sinha [2]) in time. Patterns of combinations emerge, some of which have been tested in wet lab, while others require further wet lab analysis.
Actual-ideal discrepancy and intention to change behavior on communication about conflict in close relationships: A within-person experiment
Authors: Kakinuma Kyosuke , Izuma Keise
Published: February 2025

When people experience conflicts between their ideal standards and their partner’s actual state, they often resolve conflict through communication. Numerous observational studies suggest that direct regulation attempts (e.g., requesting one’s partner to change) are positively associated with the behavior change of the target partner. However, previous research using between-person and correlational designs has provided limited evidence. Moreover, the psychological components of partner regulation that affect targets’ intentions and behavior remain unclear. Therefore, we employed a within-person experimental paradigm to rigorously test targets’ psychological processes underlying interpersonal conflict resolution through communication. This focused on the discrepancy between targets’ actual states and requesters’ ideals. In the paradigm, we systematically manipulated targets’ perceived discrepancy. In our experiment (N = 78 couples), targets were asked to rate the actual frequency of 40–80 important actions, and requesters were asked to rate the ideal frequency of the targets’ actions. These actions were then randomly assigned to either the discrepancy feedback or no-feedback condition. Results showed that, in the feedback condition, discrepancies were positively associated with targets’ intentions to improve their behavior (but not with behavioral changes). These findings suggest that although people can facilitate their partners’ intention to change important actions by simply communicating their ideals, they must make additional efforts (e.g., suggesting a solution and promoting prospective memory) to get their partners to execute the intention. This study provides critical insight into the psychological process underlying conflict resolution in close relationships using a within-person experiment.
A qualitative study of the psychological effects of quarantine as an infection control measure
Authors: Eid Jarle , Bøhn Emilie K. , Guderud Martine , Rath Thea Marie , Sætrevik Bjørn
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to explore the psychological effects of being placed in quarantine during the early stage of the COVID-19 lockdown in Norway. We wanted to examine the effects of individual stress, coping strategies, and access to social support from family and friends. We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 19 Norwegian citizens between 21-64 years who were quarantined during the first four weeks of the pandemic in March-April 2020. Four main themes emerged in the analysis: a) Being responsible, in terms of addressing the fear of being infected and infecting others, b) The stress of the situation, in terms of highlighting worries, loss and loneliness, c) Ways of coping, in terms of elaborating on cognitive, behavioral, and affective strategies to adapt to the quarantine, and d) Social support and gratitude, in terms of appreciating interpersonal relations and the social context of the quarantine situation. The study contributes to our understanding of how individual differences in stress and coping influenced the psychological outcomes of quarantine in the first weeks of the pandemic. These findings may inform health services and policy for future use of quarantine as an infection control measure.
eddymotion: An open implementation of FSL's eddy with volume-to-volume artifact estimation for neuroimaging beyond diffusion MRI
Authors: Legarreta Gorroño Jon Haitz , Savary Elodie , Markiewicz Christopher Johnson , Rokem Ariel , Norgaard Martin , Esteban Oscar
Published: February 2025

SynopsisMotivation: Create an open-source alternative to FSL’s eddy without commercial limitations thatgeneralizes over problems beyond eddy current distortions of diffusion MRI.Goals: Evaluate the tool’s performance vis-à-vis with corresponding tools.Approach: We implement a Gaussian Process regressor model and a Bayesian optimizationlayer on an existing registration framework, and estimate the alignment of neuroimaging dataenabled by the eddymotion framework.Results: Using publicly available neuroimaging data, we provide evidence about theeffectiveness of our volume-to-volume modeling framework for generalized artifact identificationand correction in neuroimaging.ImpactWe present eddymotion, an open-source framework for volume-to-volume artifact estimationinspired by FSL eddy. Our tool allows for easy alternative model implementation, it can be usedfor non-dMRI imaging modalities and does not have a restrictive license.
Claims for no evidence also need evidence
Authors: Karhulahti Veli-Matti , Huntington-Klein Nick , Ballou Nick
Published: February 2025

Matters Arising submitted to Nature Human Behaviour.Preprint made public due to editorial request.
Early language acquisition: From birth order effect to child-to-caregiver ratio
Authors: Rosslund Audun , Kartushina Natalia , Serres Nora , Mayor Julien
Published: February 2025

Growing up with multiple siblings might negatively affect a child’s language development. This study examined the associations between birth order, sibling characteristics and parent-reported vocabulary size in 6,163 Norwegian 8–36-month-old children (51.4% female). Results confirmed that birth order was negatively associated with vocabulary, yet exhibited a U-shaped pattern. A ‘child-to-caregiver ratio’ in the household was introduced, in which old-enough siblings are considered caregivers for their younger siblings. This index explained variance in vocabulary better than birth order, and suggested that female siblings may adopt a caregiving role 1–3 years earlier than males, indicating sex differences in the age at which siblings contribute, rather than deplete, available resources. A child-to-caregiver ratio might better capture the interplay between language learning resources and demands within households.
Data Relations Architecture in Psychological Practice
Authors: Kamiya Naoki
Published: February 2025

Data utilization and relationship design by data in psychological practice have been promoted from a technological and efficiency perspective. Examples include introducing digital therapy, virtual reality, AI, large-scale language models, and wearable technology. However, the risks posed by technology solutions (e.g., digital divide, bias, inaccuracy) are also alarming. This paper proposes a framework called Data Relations Architecture (DRA), which integrates ethical, cultural, and historical perspectives in working with data and aims to architect relations based on diversity. The need for DRA is demonstrated by examining three hypothetical scenarios: treatment retention rates and cultural factors, optimizing mental health care design, and culturally adaptive data governance.
Challenging Heights: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial Testing Interpretation Bias Modification as an Adjunct to Exposure Therapy for Acrophobic Patients
Authors: Macit Beray , Lipp Annalisa , Zlomuzica Armin , Engler Harald , Blackwell Simon Edward , Würtz Felix , Margraf Jürgen , Woud Marcella Lydia
Published: February 2025

Exposure is highly effective for treating acrophobia and there is growing consensus that cognitive mechanisms play an important role in exposure-based therapies. The present randomized controlled trial investigated whether adding a Cognitive Bias Modification - Interpretation (CBM-I) training to a single-session exposure therapy further facilitates cognitive change. The sample included diagnosed acrophobia patients (N = 81), all of whom received exposure therapy. One day after the exposure therapy, patients were randomized to receive either CBM-I or a sham training. The CBM-I trained patients to interpret and appraise ambiguous, height-related scenarios in a less threatening and adaptive manner, whereas the sham training comprised ambiguous, neutral scenarios. Outcomes included changes in interpretational biases (Encoding Recognition Task, Heights Interpretation Questionnaire, Scrambled Sentences Task), acrophobia-related symptoms (Acrophobia Questionnaire), and behavioral avoidance (Behavioral Approach Test). In intention-to-treat analyses patients receiving CBM-I showed a greater reduction in interpretational biases post-training compared to the sham condition (primary outcome). However, group differences were not sustained at follow-up and both groups demonstrated improvements across all outcomes, except for the Scrambled Sentences Task. Exploratory analyses revealed strong associations between the assessed cognitive, behavioral, and subjective outcomes, but neither of these outcomes correlated with hormonal measures (progesterone, estradiol). To conclude, our findings suggest that while CBM-I can temporarily facilitate cognitive change in the context of exposure, its long-term benefits and downstream effects may require further optimization. Future research should refine CBM-I protocols to maximize its efficacy as a potential adjunct to exposure therapy.
Effect of Integration of Bio-fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Mung Bean
Authors: Rasali Priyanka , Bhandari Laxmi , Ghimire Sita Ram , Rajbanshi Devraj , Bohara Binod , Chaudhary Archana , Gaha Magar Sangita
Published: February 2025

Nutrient management is one of the major constraints in the production of mung bean. The experiment was conducted at the agronomy farm of Far Western University, Tikapur, Kailali from April to June 2024 to study the effect of integration of biofertilizers on the growth, yield and yield attributes of mung bean. The field was laid out in a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments were control (T1), Rhizobium (T2), Azotobacter (T3), Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (T4), Rhizobium + PSB (T5), Azotobacter + PSB (T6) and Rhizobium + Azotobacter + PSB (T7) along with recommended dose of chemical fertilizers and FYM. Results revealed the significant effect of biofertilizer integrations on plant height, root length, number of branches, effective and non-effective nodules, fresh shoot weight, fresh and dry root weight, root volume, pods plant-1, Seeds pod, pod length, grain yield and biological yield, however, non-significant effect was overlooked on harvest index and 1000 grain weight. The maximum significant values for growth and yield parameters were observed with the combination of Rhizobium + Azotobacter + PSB indicating increased grain yield by 23.94% compared to control. Both single inoculation and combination of biofertilizers out-performed the control. Seed treatment either with Rhizobium or Azotobacter remained economically feasible compared to other treatments and hence is recommended to extrapolate the finding.
Effect of Rhizobium and Molybdenum on Growth, Root Nodulation and Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) in Tikapur, Kailali
Authors: Awasthi Laxmi Kumari , Pandey Lalit , Chalise Devraj
Published: February 2025

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy farm of Far Western University, School of Agriculture, Tikapur, Kailali during spring season of 2024 to study the effect of Rhizobium and molybdenum on growth, root nodulation and yield of mung bean. The trial was laid out in two factorial randomized complete block design having four replications and six treatments. Two levels of Rhizobium (with and without) and three levels of molybdenum (0, 1 and 2 kg ha-1) were used. Sodium molybdate as a source of molybdenum and seeds of variety SML-668 were used. The experimental results revealed that application of Rhizobium + 2 kg ha-1 molybdenum provided significantly higher plant height (54.84 cm), root length (17.03 cm), total nodules (21), effective nodules (18), fresh weight of root (2.33 g), dry weight of root (1.02 g), root volume (2.43 ml), fresh weight of shoot (65.18 g), pod length (8.97 cm), seeds/pod (10), pods/plant (34) followed by Rhizobium + 1 kg ha-1 molybdenum. Similarly, number of branches/plant (13), grain yield (1.7ton ha-1), biomass yield (6.71ton ha-1) and 1000 grain weight (51.45 g) also recorded highest at Rhizobium + 2 kg ha-1 molybdenum. The effect of sole Rhizobium inoculation and increasing level of molybdenum was significant over control for all these parameters. Number of effective nodules was positively correlated with all the growth, yield and yield attributing parameters with concluding Rhizobium + 2 kg ha-1 molybdenum as best combination for growth, root nodulation and yield of mung bean in Tikapur, Kailali.
Secondary Level English Teachers' Practices and Challenges of ICT Use in English Language Classroom: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Pandey Jyoti , Poudel Tikaram
Published: February 2025

This article examines the transformative impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in ELT classrooms. ICT opens the door for effective learning, and makes students engage in discussions with peers and educators in diversified classrooms. Teachers can vary their teaching activities changing their teaching style from teacher-centered to learner-centered through multimedia resources in classrooms. This paper is based on phenomenological methodology. This study has explored the perceptions of the use of ICT in ELT by four secondary-level English teachers from the Kathmandu and Lalitpur districts. The study's findings reveal the importance of using particular ICT tools that have great effectiveness for both teachers and students in ELT classrooms. Hence, this study emphasizes the integration of some ICT tools (like Mobile, Smart TV, Laptop and Projector, Speaker, and Smart Board) enhance the students’ quality learning in the ELT classroom. Finally, this study indicates ICT can make the students active and interactive to accelerate their learning capability. To lessen the challenges of ICT implementation in a classroom, there is a need for consideration of other aspects of ICT integration regarding strategic planning and policy-making from MoE.
जुम्ली भाषामा वाक्यसङ्गति
Authors: आचार्य ओमप्रकाश
Published: February 2025

जुम्ली भाषा नेपाली भाषाको उत्पत्तिस्थल हाल कर्णाली प्रदेशको सिँजादराको जुम्ला जिल्लामा बोलिने भाषा हो । यो भारोपेली भाषा परिवारको भारत इरानेली शााखाबाट भारत आर्य उत्तरीक्षेत्रको पहाडी भेद हो । जुम्ली खस भाषामा वाक्य व्यवस्था कस्तो छ ? जुम्ली खस भाषामा वाक्य सङ्गतिगत व्यवस्था कस्तो रहेको छ ? भन्ने कुराको खोजी गर्नु नै यस अध्ययनको मुख्य समस्या हो । जुम्ली खस भाषाको वाक्य सङ्गतिगको अध्ययन गरिनु नै यस लेखको प्रमुख उद्देश्य हो । जुम्ली खस भाषाको वाक्य व्यवस्थाको अध्ययन गर्नु यस लेखको अध्ययनको थप उद्देश्य हो । जुम्ली भाषामा रहेको कर्ता (उद्देश्य) र क्रिया (विधेय) को सङ्गति, विशेष्य विशेषणको सङ्गति, भेदक भेद्यको सङ्गति र नाम र सर्वनामबिचको सङ्गतिको अध्ययन गर्दा यसको संरचना र व्यवस्थामा नेपाली भाषासँग तुलनात्मक अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यो अध्ययन गुणात्मक ढाँचाको हो । क्षेत्रगत भ्रमण विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको यो अध्ययन जुम्ला जिल्लाको भौगोलिक क्षेत्रमा जुम्ली भाषामा केन्द्रित छ । क्षेत्रगत रूपमा भ्रमण गरी भाषिक तथ्यांक संकलन गरी, संकलित भाषिक सामग्रीलाई जुम्ली नेपालीको तालिकीकरण गरी विवरणात्मक, वर्णनात्मक रूपमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यसरी अध्ययन अनुसन्धान गर्दा यी दुई जुम्ली नेपाली भाषाबिच तात्विक भिन्नता छैन । समानता र भिन्नताका आधारमा व्यवस्थित रहेको छ । तर शब्द संरचनामा जुम्ली भाषा आफ्नै मौलिकतामा रहेको छ । नेपाली भाषा भन्दा फरक छ । छोट्या आयो केटो आयो, छोरो ढुल्यो छोरो सुत्यो,  गाई आई गाई आयो, कान्ठो छोरो कान्छो छोरो, रामो छोरो रामको छोरो । यो लिङ्ग, वचन, आदरका आधारमा भिन्न छ ।
आलोचनात्मक शिक्षण विधिको कार्यान्वयन : शिक्षकको अनुभव र धारणा
Authors: शाह राजेन्द्रकुमार
Published: February 2025

शिक्षककेन्द्रित शिक्षण विधिले विद्यार्थीहरूलाई पाठ्यक्रमको विषयवस्तु जस्ताको त्यस्तै ग्रहण गरी पुनरुत्पादन गर्नुपर्ने कुरामा जोड दिन्छ र यसले विषयवस्तु र शिक्षक केन्द्रमा राख्दछ । जब कि विद्यार्थीकेन्द्रित शिक्षण विधिले विषयवस्तुभन्दा पनि सिकाइ कसरी प्रभावकारी हुन्छ भन्ने कुरामा जोड दिन्छ र विद्यार्थीलाई केन्द्रबिन्दु मान्दछ । तर आलोचनात्मक शिक्षणले समाजको रूपान्तरणलाई केन्द्रबिन्दु मान्छ । यसले सिकारुकेन्द्रित शिक्षण विधिलाई नै आधार मानेको हुन्छ तर यसको मुख्य उद्देश्य समाजमा सामाजिक न्याय स्थापना गरी समाज रूपान्तरण गर्नु हो । तसर्थ समाजमा रहेको असमानतालाई हटाउन सामाजलाई रूपान्तरण गर्नु आलोचनात्मक शिक्षणको प्रमुख उद्देश्य हो । यस अध्ययनको केन्द्रीय उद्देश्य बालबालिकाहरूलाई आलोचनात्मक शिक्षणबाट शिक्षण गरी उनीहरूको विश्वलाई रूपान्तरण गर्नु हो । यस अध्ययनमा कैलाली जिल्लामा सञ्चालित गैरसरकारी परियोजनामा म कार्यरत रहँदा बालबालिकाहरूलाई आलोचनात्मक शिक्षण विधि प्रयोग गरी शिक्षण गर्दा सामना गर्नुपरेको चुनौतीहरू र जिज्ञासालाई कथाका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरेको छु । तसर्थ मैले यस अध्ययनमा कथा विधि (Narrative Inquiry) को प्रयोग गरेको छु । यसका साथै मैले उक्त कथाका बारेमा आफ्ना दुई जना सहकर्मीहरूसँग संवाद (Dialogue) गरी त्यसका बारेमा आलोचनात्मक विश्लेषण पनि गरेको छु । यस अध्ययनको निष्कर्षले के देखाएको छ भने नेपाल जस्तो गरिब मुलुकमा थुप्रै आर्थिक, सामाजिक, शैक्षिक र राजनीतिकविभेद र असन्तुलनहरू भएकाले नेपालका विद्यालय तहका विभिन्न विषयहरूको विभिन्न विषयवस्तुहरू शिक्षणका लागि आलोचनात्मक शिक्षण प्रभावकारी विधि बन्न सक्छ र यस विधिबाट नेपाली समाजलाई रूपान्तरण गर्न सकिन्छ ।