bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A practical guideline for performing a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiogram in adults: the British Society of Echocardiography minimum dataset
Authors: Robinson Shaun , Rana Bushra , Oxborough David , Steeds Rick , Monaghan Mark , Stout Martin , Pearce Keith , Harkness Allan , Ring Liam , Paton Maria , Akhtar Waheed , Bedair Radwa , Bhattacharyya Sanjeev , Collins Katherine , Oxley Cheryl , Sandoval Julie , Schofield MBChB Rebecca , Siva Anjana , Parker Karen , Willis James , Daniel X Augustine
Published: October 2020

Since cardiac ultrasound was introduced into medical practice around the middle twentieth century, transthoracic echocardiography has developed to become a highly sophisticated and widely performed cardiac imaging modality in the diagnosis of heart disease. This evolution from an emerging technique with limited application, into a complex modality capable of detailed cardiac assessment has been driven by technological innovations that have both refined ‘standard’ 2D and Doppler imaging and led to the development of new diagnostic techniques. Accordingly, the adult transthoracic echocardiogram has evolved to become a comprehensive assessment of complex cardiac anatomy, function and haemodynamics. This guideline protocol from the British Society of Echocardiography aims to outline the minimum dataset required to confirm normal cardiac structure and function when performing a comprehensive standard adult echocardiogram and is structured according to the recommended sequence of acquisition. It is recommended that this structured approach to image acquisition and measurement protocol forms the basis of every standard adult transthoracic echocardiogram. However, when pathology is detected and further analysis becomes necessary, views and measurements in addition to the minimum dataset are required and should be taken with reference to the appropriate British Society of Echocardiography imaging protocol. It is anticipated that the recommendations made within this guideline will help standardise the local, regional and national practice of echocardiography, in addition to minimising the inter and intra-observer variation associated with echocardiographic measurement and interpretation.
Role of binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) in Graves’ orbitopathy pathogenesis
Authors: Ko JaeSang , Kim Ji-Young , Lee Eun Jig , Yoon Jin Sook
Published: October 2020

Inflammation and adipogenesis represent the main pathogenic mechanisms of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), and oxidative stress is a well-known inducer of GO pathology. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been suggested as a major contributor to inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this study, we investigated the role of the ER-stress chaperone protein, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), in GO pathogenesis. Using primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts from patients with GO, we examined the role of BiP in GO pathogenesis by silencing its expression with small-interfering RNA (siRNA). Inflammatory cytokine expression was analysed by Western blotting and ELISA. Intracellular ROS levels induced by hydrogen peroxide or cigarette smoke extract were measured by 5-(and 6)-carboxy-20,70-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining and flow cytometry. After adipogenic differentiation in BiP siRNA-transfected cells, the cells were stained with Oil Red O, and the levels of adipogenic transcription factors were determined by Western blot analysis. BiP mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in GO orbital tissues than in non-GO orbital tissues. Silencing BiP attenuated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1) in primary cultured GO orbital fibroblasts. Silencing BiP also reduced ROS generation, hyaluronan production, and adipocyte differentiation. These findings suggest that ER stress is involved in the aetiology of GO and that modulation of ER stress has therapeutic potential for GO.
Low serum selenium in pregnancy is associated with reduced T3 and increased risk of GDM
Authors: Hofstee Pierre , James-McAlpine Janelle , McKeating Daniel R , Vanderlelie Jessica J , Cuffe James S M , Perkins Anthony V
Published: October 2020

Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders affecting women commencing pregnancy. Thyroid hormone metabolism is strongly influenced by selenium status; however, the relationship between serum selenium concentrations and thyroid hormones in euthyroid pregnant women is unknown. This study investigated the relationship between maternal selenium and thyroid hormone status during pregnancy by utilizing data from a retrospective, cross-sectional study (Maternal Outcomes and Nutrition Tool or MONT study) with cohorts from two tertiary care hospitals in South East Queensland, Australia. Pregnant women (n = 206) were recruited at 26–30 weeks gestation and serum selenium concentrations were assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Thyroid function parameters were measured in serum samples from women with the lowest serum selenium concentrations (51.2 ± 1.2 µg/L), women with mean concentrations representative of the entire cohort (78.8 ± 0.4 µg/L) and women with optimal serum selenium concentrations (106.9 ± 2.3 µg/L). Women with low serum selenium concentrations demonstrated reduced fT3 levels (P < 0.05) and increased TPOAb (P < 0.01). Serum selenium was positively correlated with fT3 (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with TPOAb (P < 0.001). Serum fT4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were not different between all groups, though the fT4/TSH ratio was increased in the low selenium cohort (P < 0.05). Incidence of pregnancy disorders, most notably gestational diabetes mellitus, was increased within the low serum selenium cohort (P < 0.01). These results suggest selenium status in pregnant women of South East Queensland may not be adequate, with possible implications for atypical thyroid function and undesirable pregnancy outcomes.
Verhältnismäßigkeit in der Pandemie: Geht das?
Authors: Raffelhüschen Bernd
Published: October 2020

Angesichts der sich abzeichnenden wirtschaftlichen Folgen der Corona-Pandemie in Deutschland, stellt sich die Frage ob die Reaktionen zur Eindämmung der Pandemie die wirtschaftlichen Konsequenzen ausreichend berücksichtigt haben. Während durch den „Lockdown“ unter Berücksichtigung der Vorerkrankungen etwa 180.000 Lebensjahre gewonnen werden konnten, zeigt dieser Beitrag, dass das Aussetzen des medizinisch-technischem Fortschritt durch den Wachstumseinbruch mindestens 3,7 Millionen Lebensjahre kosten könnte. Eine dem Prinzip der Verhältnismäßigkeit genügende Laissez-faire-Strategie à la Schweden wäre allerdings ebenfalls nicht zielführend gewesen – zumindest dann nicht, wenn nicht alle gemeinsam dieser Strategie gefolgt wären. Für die Zukunft ist daher ein weltweit koordiniertes Vorgehen – oder zumindest eine engere Zusammenarbeit zwischen den wirtschaftlich intensiv verflochtenen Ökonomien – absolut notwendig.
Unforced Errors bei Studien- und Abschlussarbeiten
Authors: Disterer Georg
Published: October 2020

Vor der Abgabe einer Studien- oder Abschlussarbeit ist dringend eine sorgfältige Überarbeitung in Form einer Endredaktion vorzunehmen, um eine gute Bewertung der Arbeit nicht zu gefährden. Dies ist einfach; denn das Vorgehen ist schlicht und wenig aufwändig. Daher wäre es besonders ärgerlich, einfache Fehler nicht zu beheben und dafür Abzüge bei der Bewertung der Arbeit hinzunehmen. Für eine Endredaktion wird hiermit eine Anleitung vorgelegt.
Zaungäste der Plattform-Tektonik: Für die journalistischen Verlage ist Personalisierung vor allem ein weiteres Problem der digitalen Transformation
Authors: Lobigs Frank , Mündges Stephan
Published: October 2020

Es ist noch im Jahr 2016 festgestellt worden, dass algorithmische Personalisierung bei digitalen News-Angeboten eigentlich keine nennenswerte Rolle spielen. Insofern scheint ein „Personalisierungsparadox“ vorzuliegen: Findet das Thema der algorithmischen Personalisierung trotz der einhellig zugeschriebenen großen Bedeutung bei den Verlagen gar nicht statt? Und wenn das so ist: Was ist dann die Erklärung, die dieses „Paradox“ auflöst? Beide Fragen wollen wir in diesem Standpunkt-Kommentar beantworten. Unsere These findet sich schon in der Überschrift: Die Verlage bleiben beim Thema algorithmische Personalisierung weitgehend Zuschauer, da Personalisierung für sie aus ökonomischer Sicht keine Chance, sondern nur ein weiteres Problem in der digitalen Transformation darstellt: Die „tektonische Verschiebung“, die der Aufstieg der personalisierten Empfehlungssysteme in der Medienlandschaft bewirkt, geht einseitig zugunsten der Tech-Plattformen sowie zulasten der ohnehin kleinen journalistischen Digitalangebote der Verlage: Diese sind so nur Zaungäste der Plattform-Tektonik. Der Standpunktbeitrag ist wie folgt aufgebaut: In Abschnitt 2 definieren wir näher, was wir in diesem Beitrag unter Personalisierung verstehen. Abschnitt 3 bietet breite aktuelle Evidenz zur empirischen Frage, wie es um die Personalisierung bei den deutschen journalistischen Digitalangeboten steht, wobei die „Findet-nicht-statt-Hypothese“ auch für das Jahr 2020 weitgehend bestätigt wird. Abschnitt 4 erklärt dieses „Nichtstattfinden“ medienökonomisch auf Basis der aktuellen Marktentwicklungen, die auch aus Perspektive einer kritischen „Politischen Ökonomie der Personalisierung“ gedeutet werden. In Schlussabschnitt 5 überlegen wir kurz, welche branchenstrategischen und medienpolitischen Erwägungen man auf Basis der Erkenntnisse anstellen könnte.
Wir müssen reden – Die Podcast-Story
Authors: Knobloch Hans , von zur Mühlen Bernt , Zimper Martin
Published: October 2020

Das immer noch stark wachsende Podcast-Angebot ist ein Indiz dafür, dass die Gattung noch nicht die Phase der Konsolidierung erreicht hat. Erst wenn eine einheitliche Währung geschaffen ist und die Herausforderung der besseren Auffindbarkeit gelöst ist, wird eine Konsolidierung eintreten. Weniger, dafür größere Produktionsstudios produzieren mehr reichweitenstarke Formate, deren wesentliches Kennzeichen starke Protagonisten sind. Auch dürfte sich das Angebot nach Zielgruppen klarer fragmentieren, als das bisher der Fall ist. Vor allem mehr in den Mainstream ausdifferenzieren und den Nimbus als das Medium für die Gebildeten ablegen. Und schließlich wird den an die Erregungs-Plattformen längst verloren geglaubten jüngeren Mediennutzern mit Podcasts ein „nachhaltiges“ Content-Medium ans Ohr gereicht. War Musik bislang der stärkere Treiber für die Mediendigitalisierung von Audio, so verhelfen nun Podcasts der Gattung zu ihrem endgültigen Coming of Age. Deren sprachnarrative Inhalte verpassen Audio den entscheidenden Push zur Mündigkeit und schlagen damit gleich zwei mediendiskursive Fliegen mit einer Klappe: das Hören gewinnt an Bedeutung, erlebt gar eine Renaissance. Und es scheint endlich ein Mittel gefunden worden zu sein, dem nicht entrinnbaren Gezerre um die Aufmerksamkeit zumindest partiell zu entkommen.
Not Without my Fellow Patient! - The Influence of Fellow Patients in Hospitals on Patient Satisfaction and Self-rated Health
Authors: Hantel Saskia , Benkenstein Martin
Published: October 2020

Fellow patients are the people with whom hospital patients spend the most time. Research has shown that the fellow patient influences anxiety, pre- and post-operative stress, compliance, and negative feelings. A few studies have even shown that contact with other patients influences long-term satisfaction with the hospital, and self-rated health. These different factors influence each other via complex interactions. In this study, we analyze these complex interactions by building a theory-based model and testing the model using two empirical studies. The results provide relevant implications for further research and for hospital management.
A Poem as a Communiqué: the Communicativeness of Poetry of Onė Baliukonė
Authors: Barkutė Skaistė
Published: October 2020

This article presents the creation of art – a poesy – in the context of the theory of communication. Multimeaning of the concept of communication supposes plenty of attitudes and considerations and complexity of definition. There exist two different schools of communication studies, one being the process school and the other being the semiotic school. The process school is cantered on the transmission of messages and understanding the effects of it. The semiotic school focuses on communication being a production and exchanging of meanings. It researches how messages and texts interact with people. Since the creation of art is considered as communiqué, so its conveying content relates with, a spiritual link a creator and a perceiver. The article discusses a poem as a communiqué, its place in the structure of the process and semiotic communication models. The article also discusses poesy as a message and its communicativeness, informativeness, and importance. O. Baliukonė’s poetry was taken to implement this aim. The fulfilled research demonstrated that O. Baliukonė actively communicates with a reader through her poems. Decoding is the same creative process as encoding; thus, in this article, attention is paid to the poet’s and also to a reader’s creation of the meaning of a message.
“The Bravo Boys” Band versus Mozart: the Issue of Cultural Message in Contemporary German Language Textbooks
Authors: Głowińska Beata
Published: October 2020

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart had to give way to The Bravo Boys music band. This is what the authors of the textbook entitled Ping Pong 1 and Ping Pong neu 2 have decided to do in the current edition of their book. So, they decided to replace its contents concerning the Composer himself and other representatives of classical music with the report from the concert of the BB. The article attempts to determine who, what characters from the real world populate in contemporary German textbooks, what cultural content it has and whether or not it conforms with the core curriculum standards of the Polish education system. To this end, selected German language textbooks have been analyzed along with the practice material offered by them. The authors of examined textbooks have almost completely abandoned depicting representatives of high culture, of German culture. They have been replaced with representatives of mass culture: mainly models, actors, athletes as well as politicians. Their common feature is the fact that they are universally known: the majority are celebrities while some of them are scandalists. The fact that these persons can be easily recognized seems to increase the students’ learning involvement, but it cannot constitute the only criterion of such selection. The article stresses the responsibility of textbook authors for the quality of cultural message addressed to children and teenagers.
Values to the economic and cultural and an optimum means to organize the economic management by ideas of the population of the Lviv’s region (according to the results of sociological research 2007 year)
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv 1, Universytetska Str., Lviv, 79000, Ukraine, Burak T. O.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of a sociological study of values of the economic culture of the population of the L’viv region. The author studies their correspondence to a definite type of the economic sys, tem. On the basis of the indices of values,ideas of the structure of the eco, nomic system and values,qualities of human relationships and features of a person, the attempt to elaborate an index characterizing the system of these values is made.
The dynamics of labor values Russian population (termination), 1991–2004 years
Authors:   Institute of Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Magun V. S.
Published: October 2020

The results of four mass representative polls executed in 1991,2004 are compared. It is established that the majority of labor values of the Russian workers underwent numerous changes for 14 post,reform years, which tes, tifies to the lability of the mass labor culture and does not agree with extended ideas of its resistance to changes. It is shown that the essential changes of two integral value indices constructed on the basis of the factor analysis have occurred. The dominants of values of the “agenda” character, istic of the period under consideration are basic “materialistic” needs of workers and two strategies of their satisfaction: the strategy of dosed efforts (“comfort materialism”) and (less pronounced) the strategy of energetic actions oriented to high,level achievements (“energetic materialism”). The initiative self,realization and the personal responsibility have remained now at the periphery of the labor consciousness of the Russians, which sharply separates them from the workers of economically developed countries form, ing the “great eight”.
Practice for Ukraine’s citizens to contact with institutions and organizations
Authors:   Institute of Sociology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 12, Shovkovychna Str., Kyiv, 01021, Ukraine, Reznik O. S.
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of two sociological studies of practices of the contact of Ukrainian citizens with authority bodies and organizations. The performed factor analysis testifies that the forms of practices are distin, guished by their inclination to contact with those institutions or organiza, tions which require similar habits or resources. The differentiation and complication of practices occur. In particular, the practices of contacts which were fixed in 2002 with public,political institutions are divided in 2007 into separate practices “contacts with the central power” and “con, tacts with controlling institutions”.
The education quality problems in the context of educational reforms
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv 60, Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine, Chernova K. O.
Published: October 2020

The questions concerning the quality of educational services and the ways to ensure it under conditions of educational reforms and the Ukraine’s entry to the Europe’s educational space are analyzed.
Modern peculiarities of the competition in labor force on Ukraine’s labor market
Authors:   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Vartanova O. V. , Skliar Ye. P. ,   Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University
Published: October 2020

The authors consider modern tendencies of the development of the labor market, in particular the situation in the sphere of payment for work, which affect the competitive abilities of enterprises in the attraction of manpower. The results of studies of the demand and supply of manpower and wages in Ukraine and its regions are given.
Gender policy in the frame of EC and the Ukraine’s choice
Authors:   Institute of Social Sciences Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Khavlin T. V.
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the phenomenon of re,understanding the gender sen, sitiveness and its access to the official discourse of European Union and Ukraine. Gender equality is presented as an essential value of the modern transformation in the building of a civil society and appears as a measure of the contemporary legislation.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN MODEL INQUIRY DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SLB 4 JAKARTA
Authors: Pratama Yoga , Dwirahayu Gelar , Satriawati Gusni
Published: October 2020

The Extraordinary School (SLB) 4 Jakarta is a school special for deafness students. The deafness students has a difference with a normal students, so there are special treatment for them especially in mathematics teaching. When we observe to school, we get some information about they services to students,  one of the information was that the mathematics teacher taught students using inquiry model. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the application of mathematics learning models in SLBN 4 Jakarta for class XI students with hearing impairment in terms of planning and implementing learning, student responses and test results during the learning process, as well as the learning tools or media used. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with research subjects namely one mathematics class teacher and five students of SLBN 4 Jakarta class XI in the 2018/2019 school year. The collection techniques used were interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that (1) The preparation of mathematics learning planning in SLBN 4 Jakarta curriculum used was the 2013 curriculum (2) The implementation of mathematics learning in SLBN 4 Jakarta used the expository method and MMR (Reflective Maternal Method) (3) There were 2 results of learning activities, namely student responses and test results (4) mathematics learning tools or media used by teachers are still conventional.
Heart Failure With Mid-range or Recovered Ejection Fraction: Differential Determinants of Transition
Authors: Margonato Davide , Mazzetti Simone , De Maria Renata , Gorini Marco , Iacoviello Massimo , Maggioni Aldo P , Mortara Andrea
Published: October 2020

The recent definition of an intermediate clinical phenotype of heart failure (HF) based on an ejection fraction (EF) of between 40% and 49%, namely HF with mid-range EF (HFmrEF), has fuelled investigations into the clinical profile and prognosis of this patient group. HFmrEF shares common clinical features with other HF phenotypes, such as a high prevalence of ischaemic aetiology, as in HF with reduced EF (HFrEF), or hypertension and diabetes, as in HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), and benefits from the cornerstone drugs indicated for HFrEF. Among the HF phenotypes, HFmrEF is characterised by the highest rate of transition to either recovery or worsening of the severe systolic dysfunction profile that is the target of disease-modifying therapies, with opposite prognostic implications. This article focuses on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches for HFmrEF, and discusses the major determinants of transition to HFpEF or HFrEF.
Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiac Function in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Fukuta Hidekatsu
Published: October 2020

Nearly half of patients with heart failure in the community have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Patients with HFpEF are often elderly and their primary chronic symptom is severe exercise intolerance. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is associated with the pathophysiology of HFpEF and is an important contributor to exercise intolerance in HFpEF patients. The effects of exercise training on left ventricular diastolic function in HFpEF patients have been examined in several randomised clinical trials. Meta-analysis of the trials indicates that exercise training can provide clinically relevant improvements in exercise capacity without significant change in left ventricular structure or function in HFpEF patients. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the exact mechanisms of exercise intolerance in HFpEF patients and to develop recommendations regarding the most effective type, intensity, frequency, and duration of training in this group.
IX convention of Ukrainian Society of soil scientists and agricultural chemists
Authors: Baliuk S. A. , Miroshnychenko M. M. , Momot G. F.
Published: October 2020

At the beginning of July 2014 on the base of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University the IХ convention of Ukrainian society of soil scientists and agricultural chemists took place. In-process convention 213 delegates and participants from 21 separations of Ukrainian society of soil scientists and agricultural chemists took part. The program of the convention included the plenary meeting and the meetings of sections "Genesis and geography of soils", "Evolution of soil properties, monitoring  of the state, technologies of land-use management", "Reclamation of soils", "Protection of soils from erosion, recultivation and land-use management, ecological state of soils and their protection against contamination", "Agrochemical providing of modern agriculture", "Biology of soils", delegate meetings and scientific field excursion. Practically in all sections the problem of soil and soil cover conservation from degradation as a consequence of anthropogenic influence came into question. The Congress passed a resolution, where the work of Society was positively marked, the priority directions of the scientific and research and practice activities were defined, an Appeal to the President of Ukraine, Supreme Council of Ukraine, Prime Minister of Ukraine was accepted.
Ecological and micromorphological research of soils of the central floodplain of the Samara river
Authors: Strizhak O. V.
Published: October 2020

The influence of environmental factors on the formation of microforms typical for soils of the central river floodplain Samara and mechanisms of formation of the soil profile have been considered. The attention is paid to the identification and soil genesis of cutana. To achieve the goals the micromorphological research methods and techniques of scanning electron microscopy have been used. The decoding of soil thin sections has been carried out in the standard scheme. The relief of chip surface was studied in the secondary electrons, the homogeneity of the distribution of chemical elements - by the surface of the secondary electrons, the chemical composition of the studied surface areas was received by a microroentgen-spectral analysis. The studies have shown the main features in the microstructure of these soils. In the profile the microstructure is inhomogeneous, in the upper horizons is silty-plasma, changes with the depth to sand-plasma and in the lower horizons – plasma-sand. The skeleton grains are characterized by the following transfer on their surface (scratches) and by a good roundness. Plasma is humus-clay, with the depth the clayey plasma decreases. It is typical for the clay part of the plasma two refractive indices, the orientation and the ability to restructure. The pore space is the most developed in the upper horizons, thanks to digging activity of earthworms. With the depth the pore area decreases and often the pore walls cover with clayey cutanas for the illuvial processes. As a result of intensive impacts of nutrient factors, the upper horizons are well-structured. In each profile you can select several kaprolit horizons. For this kind of profile the humus mull is more typical. Kutana complex is represented by clay cutana. In the upper horizons they are poorly expressed, are not present in all pores. Down to the profile their quantity in the pores increases, they become more pronounced. The explanation of the chip surface using a scanning electron microscopy confirmes the mobility of plasma and illuvial origin of cutana. The data obtained in the secondary electron mode and microanalysis shows the monotony of addition with minor bright zones which belongs to titanium or chromium-containing minerals. The features of the microstructure of the soil profile in central floodplain are conditioned by the floodplain processes. With the reduction of their influence, because of the increase between the periods of flood and their intensity, the forming role of biological factors increases.
Physico-chemical determinant parameters in the color of vertisolization and tirsification processes
Authors: Recio Espejo J. M. , Borja Barrera C. , Díaz del Olmo F. , Borja Barrera F.
Published: October 2020

A statistical analysis is carried out on the influence that certain physico-chemical parameters exert on tirsification and vertisolization pedological processes that occur under certain geomorphological conditions in Andalusia region (Spain). Both processes occur on a parent material with high contents in smectitic clays, massive and uniform and contrasting climatic conditions where periods of humidity and those of drought  alternate. Chromic Vertisol (tirsificated) versus Calcium Vertisol (vertisolizated) (FAO, 2015) shows a greater interrelation between parameters given its greater weathering. Organic carbon controls a large part of its physical-chemical processes where the lateral washing of salts and carbonates together with manganese, always in a lower concentration than iron, play a definitive role in the blackening of its horizons. The chemical fertility is always low and  the geomorphological conditions seems to account for its agricultural capacity.
Technique for preparation thin sections of structural soil aggregates of certain size fractions
Authors: Yakovenko V. M.
Published: October 2020

Morphological properties of poil aggregate aer developed in the process of pedogenesis and reflect the complex of structure formation processes. The peds' size, shape, and internal structure are peculiar to each corresponding soil type and genetic horizon. The technique proposed allows preparing thin sections on every sizes of structural units and, in contrast to known methods, it provides not only a ped immobilization in the mass of fixing material, but also pore space saturation with natural resin. It is also possible to prepare the sections with marking of large aggregates orientation in space; it requires application of gypsum marks on the aggregate surface in the process of their sampling from the soil profile. The technique modified consists of following stages: selection of aggregates with required fractions; preparation of sections with separate aggregates larger than 5 mm; preparation of sections with aggregations smaller than 5 mm. In preparation of aggregates larger than 5 mm, a technique similar to that of preparing large soil block samples is used because it makes possible to process each soil aggregate separately. Another approach is required for processing of structural units up to 5 mm in size because it is impossible to prepare a section of individual issue with this size. The problem is solved when the units are saturated and processed not separately, but as a whole block sample which include a mass with peds of separate fraction. For this purpose, it is required to prepare cups comprised of walls from thick paper and a gypsum bottom. For preparation the caps use a gypsum in the form of fine white powder rapidly solidified in addition of water in a certain proportion and forms a firm bottom of the paper сup. Cut out a square of 4×4 cm in size and a strip from thick paper and glue them together to gain a tube of 5 cm in height and 1.5–2 cm in diameter (i.e. 10×5 cm). Apply on the paper squares a prepared gypsum mass sufficient to retention of the paper tube until gypsum hardening.  Fill a fraction of aggregates into the prepared cup in one-third of its height and cover it with prepared fixing substance with solvent. Saturation is carried out in accordance with the standard technique of section preparing using natural resins (Gagarina, 2004). After complete saturation, paper cups with a mass of aggregates in them turn into monoliths that should be processed in the same way as large soil samples. As a result of all operations, significant number of structural soil aggregates with same sizes may be found within the section plane.
Estimación del suministro de proteína metabolizable en una ración para ganado de leche
Authors: Elizondo-Salazar Jorge Alberto
Published: October 2020

La proteína es un nutrimento esencial en la dieta de las vacas lecheras ya que aporta aminoácidos para el animal y, al mismo tiempo, suministra nitrógeno para los microorganismos del rumen, por lo que, parte de la proteína disponible para los rumiantes proviene de la proteína microbial y de la ración que consumen. En la mayoría de situaciones, la proteína microbial es la principal fuente de aminoácidos absorbidos; sin embargo, cuando grandes cantidades de proteína no degradable en el rumen son ofrecidas a los animales, la proteína proveniente de los microorganismos puede no ser la fuente principal. El concepto de proteína metabolizable se refiere a la proteína verdadera absorbida como amino ácidos a nivel intestinal y que es suplida por la proteína microbial, por la proteína endógena y por la proteína de la dieta que escapa la degradación en el rumen (proteína de sobrepaso). Normalmente se trabaja con el concepto de proteína cruda; sin embargo, esto puede incurrir en excesos que además de caros, pueden ocasionar problemas en el animal y en el ambiente, por lo que el objetivo de este documento es presentar un extracto de la metodología que utiliza el modelo del NRC (2001) para determinar los requerimientos de proteína metabolizable en el ganado de leche. Dentro de los pasos, se requiere calcular el requerimiento para mantenimiento que incluye el nitrógeno (N) endógeno urinario, el N dérmico, el N metabólico fecal y el N endógeno, y el requerimiento para producción de leche. Para determinar el aporte de proteína metabolizable de la ración, es necesario calcular la cantidad de nutrientes digestibles totales (NDT) que aporta la ración. A pesar de que ya han pasado muchos años desde la publicación de los requerimientos nutricionales del ganado de leche y de que existen programas de cómputo que realizan estos cálculos, se pretende detallar la manera en que se realizan los cálculos para hacer esta información más accesible a usuarios potenciales de Costa Rica y América Latina.
Grafo n- residual Módulo m y su aplicación en la estructuración de Residuos n- adicos
Authors: Martínez Iveth , Solís René
Published: October 2020

En este estudio analizamos el comportamiento de los residuos de un módulo elevado a una potencia n y su relación con los conjuntos n-residuales, los grafos de residuos de potencia, llamados grafos n-residuales y las raices primitivas en el mismo módulo. Con los conjuntos obtenidos, los grafos reducidos y árboles complementarios, se establecieron algunas propiedades que se comprobaron en rutinas desarrolladas con Mathematica, brindando una interpretación visual de las estructuras, objeto del estudio, permitiendo realizar varias pruebas con distintos valores de número primo impar p. Con lo cual, se llegó a algunas conjeturas interesantes con posibles resultados formales.
Dental LASER : A Boon in Dentistry & its significance in Covid-19
Authors: Kaur Dr. Manpreet , Thakur Dr. Vishal , Bhalla Dr. Manisha
Published: October 2020

LASER stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Einstein was the ist to give the foundation for laser , however the first to give laser term was Gordon Gould. Invention of LASER has brought about a major revolution in the ways of life of people. The increasing use of laser in medicine has only been possible due to a better understanding of the interaction between laser light and living tissue. Reliably laser removes the needle, drill, and pain from the dental procedures  &  also reduces risk of contamination with respect to drills. Laser significantly reduces aerosols and Does not produce scratch material , thus causing less spread of debris outside the oral cavity. Blood free procedures for better recovery . Laser dentistry can be a precise and effective way to perform many dental procedures. Dental laser can be used to generate both hard and soft tissue laser energy, depending upon the patient’s needs.
The Empowerment of Productive Zakat Influence on Independence of The Community
Authors: Hamzah Hamzah , Hidayah Fifi Fata'tiatul
Published: October 2020

Empowerment through productive zakat is the effort of the Madina Zone of Dompet Dhuafa to create an independent society by developing business that utilize the potential of the community itself. Empowerment programs are needed by the community to be able to overcome economic in a sustainable manner. The majority of Indonesia’s population is Muslim, so one of the empowerment programs that is considered relevant is the empowerment through productive zakat as practiced by Madina Zone of Dompet Dhuafa. The empowerment of community is related to self-reliance. Self-reliance can be achieved through empowerment by involving participation from the community. The purpose of this research is to identify the influence of empowerment through a productive zakat carried out by Madina Zone on community self-reliance. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data. The location of this study was in the Jampang Village, Kemang District, Bogor Regency. The results of the study showed a significant level of empowerment in participation and a significant level of participation in self-relience.
Glacial Archaeology in South Tyrol
Authors: Steiner Hubert , Gietl Rupert
Published: October 2020

Climatic deterioration lasting until the 19th century brought about a marked advance of the glaciers with some serious consequences for the population. The theologian and writer Beda Weber (1798–1859) attempted to explain the phenomenon of the progressive downward shift of the treeline in the Schnals Valley: ‘With astonishment the inhabitants of the Schnals Valley witnessed the extinction of the forests from high up down towards the valley (A phenomenon which occurs in many principal valleys and is not yet fully explained). They saw it as the gradual extinction of the World, and to them it seemed that even now the light was becoming dimmer’. Since the middle of the 19th century climate change has been observed, with warming leading to a retreat of the glaciers and a gradual thawing of the permafrost soils. This dramatic process has already been monitored and recorded in various glaciers in South Tyrol. In recent years the rapid retreat of the glaciers has continued unhindered. Numerous reports of finds prompted the South Tyrol provincial heritage service, the Amt für Bodendenkmäler, to carry out archaeological investigations, which have revealed important new aspects relating to the use of the high altitude regions by people in the past.
Promissory Narration: Toward a Revised Narrative Homiletic in an Age of Identities
Authors: Schnasa Jacobsen David
Published: October 2020

This essay offers a third way of thinking about experience and identity in narrative preaching—a homiletical-theological one in relation to the character of the gospel as promise. I begin by building on a trajectory of research that sees an intimate relationship between biblical narrative and promise, especially the work of Ronald Thiemann, Christopher Morse, and James Kay. With Kay’s help, I then turn to an especially rich opportunity for revising what Morse first called promissory narration by means of Carolyn Helsel’s appropriation of Paul Ricoeur’s The Course of Recognition in relation to the problem of white racism. In the process, I will also bring Ricoeur’s work on promise and narrated identity to help rethink how promissory narration might help narrative preachers work through a course of recognition and transformation of identity in ways that move past the liberal/postliberal impasse about experience that has dogged especially white narrative homiletics.
Teresa Berger, @ Worship: Liturgical Practices in Digital Worlds
Authors: Granados Cassandra
Published: October 2020

Please click the PDF button to access the review.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE SEVERITY OF FATIGUE AND SLEEP QUALITY IN PREGNANT WOMEN: A SNAPSHOT FROM NORTHWEST TURKEY
Authors: AYNACI Gülden
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Fatigue during pregnancy and the postnatal period affects the quality of life of women. One of the factors that affect fatigue during pregnancy is the impairment of sleep quality. We aimed to increase the awareness on this topic to diminish the negative effect of pregnancy on sleep quality and to evaluate the parameters that affected the level of fatigue and sleep quality. We evaluated the roles of protective and risk factors during pregnancy.

Material and Methods

Our study involved 232 pregnant who were attending to the Perinatology of Trakya University between March- November 2019. The participants filled Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and The Fatigue Severity Scale.

Results

Data we obtained from our study allowed us to review parameters that affect perinatal fatigue. Many pregnant experience fatigue. Support to increase the life standard of mothers will have a role to improve the healths of the mother and the baby. The increased sleep quality in pregnant women with increasing income status. A higher education level in women will provide a unique opportunity to prevent pregnant health. We found a lower level of fatigue in pregnant women with regular dietary habits. Those who attended at least once to pregnancy training had lower fatigue scores. The patients who were happy with their pregnancies felt lower fatigue.

Conclusions

The sociocultural features of pregnant women and their interpretations of fatigue should be carefully evaluated while providing healthcare services. Fatigue levels of pregnant women presenting to a clinic for routine pregnancy controls should be objectively evaluated
Documentário brasileiro e as identidades em zonas de fronteira
Authors:   Instituto Federal Farroupilha Brasil, Franchi Gallina Justina , Dos Santo Tomaim Cássio
Published: October 2020

O artigo objetiva identificar como o documentário brasileiro de curta e média-metragem representa as identidades culturais em zonas de fronteira, evocando conhecimentos sobre alteridades e diferenças. Para tanto, foram analisados sete filmes dirigidos por realizadores brasileiros de estados fronteiriços com o Uruguai, Argentina, Peru e Bolívia. Os métodos utilizados no exercício interpretativo foram a análise fílmica, pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. A partir da decupagem os documentários foram aglutinados em dois eixos de análise que traduzem diferentes maneiras de representar a fronteira: “Fronteira como lugar de permanência” e “Fronteira como espaço de resistência”. Os resultados colaboram para desencobrir grupos assolados pela violência e também para valorizar os contextos fronteiriços onde o reconhecimento da diferença é constituidor da vida em sociedade.
Resistencia, resiliencia y luchas por la memoria de la violencia. Los periodistas en Veracruz, México
Authors:   Universidad Veracruzana, Del Palacio Montiel Celia
Published: October 2020

En el presente artículo se pretende: 1) hacer una contextualización general de la situación de los periodistas en el estado de Veracruz, catalogado como el más peligroso para el gremio en los años recientes; 2) describir las formas que ha tomado la violencia simbólica en contra de los periodistas asesinados, a través de representaciones desfavorables y revictimizadoras en los medios; y 3) visibilizar las formas de lucha simbólica que han dado algunos periodistas críticos en el estado y fuera de él, para contraponer versiones alternativas a las dominantes, reivindicar su labor, y mostrar la resiliencia del gremio en un contexto aún desfavorable. El artículo es una nueva reflexión basada en los resultados de una investigación anterior que utilizó entrevistas, observación participante y análisis de notas periodísticas.
Políticas de la memoria en Colombia: un abordaje desde la educación
Authors:   Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Colombia, Gauta Blanco Brayan
Published: October 2020

En el presente artículo de reflexión son abordados cuatro elementos de las políticas de la memoria y su abordaje desde la educación en Colombia, distribuidos de la siguiente manera: 1. Son contextualizadas y conceptualizadas las políticas de la memoria que han sido creadas en Colombia en el proceso de implementación del Acuerdo de paz entre el Gobierno Nacional y las antiguas FARC-EP. 2. Es analizado el abordaje educativo de las políticas de la memoria realizando un contraste entre las apuestas institucionales y las instituyentes. 3. Es propuesta la memoria ejemplar para la construcción de escenarios educativos que permitan dignificar a las víctimas. Finalmente es problematizada la educación para la paz y es retomada la pedagogía de la memoria como una apuesta ético-política para la formación del “Nunca Más”.
Lo político y la cultura: de la censura al surgimiento de nuevas expresiones culturales en el Montevideo de la transición democrática
Authors:   Universidad de la República Uruguay, Scaraffuni Luciana
Published: October 2020

Este artículo analiza las fragmentaciones en el campo cultural uruguayo en la última fase dictatorial (1973-1984) y en el comienzo de la transición democrática (1985-1989). Entendiendo que en la transición democrática se genera la emergencia y configuración de una “contracultura juvenil”, que originó diferentes prácticas y expresiones culturales que marcaron el proceso de transición en la ciudad de Montevideo. Esta “contracultura” tuvo como objetivo específico oponerse a la cultura militante que supo hacerle frente al régimen dictatorial. Se destacan aquellas expresiones que provienen del ámbito musical, entre las que encontramos el Rock y el Punk, haciendo hincapié en la centralidad que adquirió el cuerpo y las corporalidades en esa resignificación cultural de los años ochenta. En este sentido se hará énfasis en la importancia que cobróla estética en este período, como expresión contracultural a las resistencias culturales que se habían gestado en el campo cultural durante el periodo anterior (1973-1984). Para este cometido, se analiza la resignificación de espacios urbanos y lugares alternativos de reunión, en los cuales se realizaron performances y recitales, que sirvieron para el destape de la corporalidad. Asimismo, el análisis dará cuenta de cómo esta contracultura buscó cambiar las nociones de “lo festivo”, sobreviviendo a las razzias policiales y a la represión que siguió ejerciéndose durante la transición y en la consolidación democrática. Este artículo, propone debatir y analizar la idea de que en los ochenta no hubo arte político, ni un arte comprometido, como sí lo fue la cultura de resistencia. Si no que, estas expresiones fueron caracterizadas como superficiales, hedonistas e individualistas, ya que no se correspondía con el compromiso y la resistencia del campo cultural que se había consolidado durante el período dictatorial (1973-1985).
Narrando para resistir y reexistir
Authors: Barrientos Báez Almudena , Caldevilla Domínguez David
Published: October 2020

En sus 250 páginas se recogen distintas miradas sobre un tema tan candente y preocupante para Colombia como es la paz, un anhelo tan perseguido como esquivo. Enunciar esas narrativas es, tal como señalan los coordinadores en la presentación, “el ejercicio de buscar no desaparecer como ciudadanos, de no sucumbir como sociedad”; porque es gracias a las narraciones que nos permiten existir y ser que podemos ocupar nuestro lugar como sujetos sociales: “nuestra existencia social es entonces narrativa: nos narramos y nos narran”.