bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-term memory depends on the level of emotional burnout
Authors: Tukaiev S. , Zyma I. , Makarchuk M.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Emotional burnout refers to a syndrome caused by chronic stress. The formation of emotional burnout may lead to persistent changes in cognitive activity and particularly in memory and attention.

Objectives

As the power of human EEG-spectrum components varies significantly under cognitive testing, the aim of our study was to investigate the dynamics of changes of EEG parameters under a memory task depending on the severity of burnout.

Methods

42 healthy volunteers (students aged 18 to 24 years) participated in this study. EEG was registered over a period of 3 minutes during the rest state and 10 minutes during a verbal memory task. The spectral power density (SPD) of all frequencies from 0.2 to 35 Hz was estimated. The Mann-Witney criterion was carried out for the comparison of the independent data samples. The correlations were estimated using the Spearmen’s coefficient correlation. In order to determine the stages of burnout we used the test “Syndrome of emotional burnout” (by Boyko), adapted for students.

Results

We observed variations in parameters of EEG during memorizing and retention phases depending on the intensity of the burnout. The intensity of the Exhaustion stage varied inversely with SPD in alpha3 (parietal and temporal regions), beta1 (parietal regions) and beta2 (parietal, right occipital and temporal regions) during the memorizing phase. The formation of the Exhaustion stage of burnout was accompanied by a decrease in alpha3 (parietal, left occipital and right temporal regions), beta1 (parietal, occipital and left temporal regions) and beta2 (parietal regions) during the retention phase.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that short-term memory depends on the emotional state of subjects.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Temperamental and Neurocognitive predictors in Korean basketball league draft selection
Authors: Nam B. W. , Han D. H. , Kim S. M. , Hong J. , Hwang H. , Min K. J.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The Korean Basketball League(KBL) holds an annual draft to allow teams to select new players, mostly graduates from the elite college basketball teams even though some are from high school teams. In sports games, many factors might influence the success of an athlete. In addition to possessing excellent physical and technical factors, success in a sports game is also influenced by remarkable psychological factors. Several studies reported that elite sports players can control their anxiety during competition, which may lead to better performance. In particular, the temperament and characteristics of players have been regarded as crucial determinants of the player’s performance and goal. In this regard, numerous studies suggest that personality is considered to be an important predictor of long-term success in professional sports

Objectives

Based on previous reports and studies, we hypothesized that physical status, temperament and characteristics, and neurocognitive functions of basketball players could predict the result of KBL draft selection. Especially, temperament and characteristics were associated with the result of KBL selection. The basketball performances including average scores and average rebound were associated with emotional perception and mental rotation.

Methods

We recruited the number of 44 college elite basketball players(KBL selection, n=17; Non-KBL selection, n=27), and the number of 35 age-matched healthy comparison subjects who major in sports education in college. All participants were assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI), Sports Anxiety Scales(SAS), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Trail Making Test(TMT), and Computerized Neuro-cognitive Test(CNT) for Emotional Perception and Mental Rotation.

Results

Current results showed that physical status, temperament and characteristics, and Neurocognitive functions of college basketball players could predict the KBL draft selection. Among temperament and characteristics, novelty seeking and reward dependence were associated with KBL draft selection. The basketball performances including average scores and average rebound were associated with emotional perception and mental rotation.

Conclusions

In order to be a good basketball player for a long time, it was confirmed that temperamental factors and Neurocognitive factors were very closely related. Furthermore, it is also judged that these results can be used as basic data to predict potential professional basketball players.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Revisiting the approaches of psychotherapy in Ayurveda with Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework: a review
Authors: Upadhyaya W. , Iyer A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Recently there have been increased acceptance of complementary and alternative medicine (including traditional medicines) not only among laypersons but also various medical specialities. Ayurveda is one such, that originated at least in 3000 BC in the Indian subcontinent. Ayurveda aims at not only treating diseases but also maintaining optimum health. Psychiatry branch of Ayurveda recommends the use of both medicines and psychotherapy. Past papers on Ayurvedic psychotherapy have limitations in terms of semantics, conveying relevance and practical implementation. To tide over such limitations, we review concepts of psychotherapy in the Ayurveda texts Charaka Samhita (CS), Sushruta Samhita (SS), Ashtanga Hridaya (AH) and their commentaries from the original Sanskrit texts, in light of RDoC framework. The approaches derived can be used not just for therapy but also as mental health promotion.

Objectives

1.

To delineate approaches to psychotherapy from Ayurveda classics and their commentaries, which are useful for both mental health promotion and therapy.

2.

To view the components of Ayurvedic psychotherapy approaches in terms of RDoC constructs/subconstructs.

Methods

Relevant chapters were scanned in the texts CS, SS, AH and their commentaries for descriptions of psychotherapy. Consequently, its components were compared with the definitions of constructs and subconstructs of RDoC to identify similarities.

Results

Only CS and AH had descriptions on psychotherapy, among which, one out of the four described in CS and the only one in AH was suitable for our purpose. The components of these models with relevant counterparts (single or combined) are tabulated in Table 1.Table 1CS psychotherapy modelRDoC construct/ subconstruct1)    Spiritual awareness (Jnana)Declarative memory (semantic)2)    Specialised knowledge (Vijnana)Declarative memory (semantic)3)    Self-control & equanimity (Dhairya)Cognitive control4)    Memory (Smriti)Declarative memory (episodic)5)    Meditative focus (Samadhi)Attention, working memoryAH psychotherapy modelRDoC construct/ subconstruct1)    Intellect (Dhi)Declarative memory.2)    Self-control (Dhairya)Cognitive control3)    Knowledge of self and surrounding (Atmadi jnana)Perception and understanding of self

Conclusions

Thus, CS and AH provide a 5-dimensional and a 3-dimensional approach to psychotherapy respectively (with its components having correlates with few RDoC constructs or subconstructs) which can be explored clinically and evaluated, for therapy and mental health promotion purposes.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Increased emergency room visits without corresponding rehospitalizations in cannabis users with psychosis
Authors: Martin-Santiago O. , Calvo-Valcarcel M. , Martinez.Gimeno P. , Alario-Ruiz C. , Arribas-Simon B.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Epidemiological studies have established a complex relationship between cannabis consumption and a heightened risk of psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia. However, this connection is multifaceted, influenced by genetics, environment, and individual psychology. Surprisingly, despite a surge in emergency room (ER) visits associated with cannabis consumption and psychosis, there haven’t been significant increases in hospital readmissions. This rise in ER visits can be attributed to the increasing social acceptance of cannabis and its legalization in some regions, increasing the likelihood of adverse effects. Furthermore, the higher potency of contemporary cannabis can trigger psychotic reactions, particularly in those consuming elevated levels of THC, its primary psychoactive component.

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the rates of readmissions and ER visits one year after hospital discharge among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, stratified by cannabis consumption.

Methods

We collected sociodemographic and clinical data from 109 patients after discharge from a psychiatric hospitalization unit.

Results

Patients who consumed cannabis (N=35) were younger than non-consumers (M=31.4; SD=10.0 vs M=44.3; SD=11.4; t(107)=5.71; p<.01), with no significant gender differences, hospital stay durations, or proportions of schizophrenia diagnoses (33.3%). The readmission rates and time to readmission were similar between both groups. Interestingly, 54.2% of cannabis consumers required emergency care (X2(1, N = 109)= 4.1, p = .04), with 73.6% not needing admission (X2(1, N = 109)= 5.5, p = .01), in contrast to 33.7% and 56% in the non-consumer group. The time to the first urgent care visit was shorter in the consumer group (M=59.5; SD=56.3) compared to the non-consumer group (M=105.8; SD=93.1; t(107)=1.92; p=.03).

Conclusions

This study reveals that patients with psychosis and cannabis consumption tend to visit ER services more frequently despite utilizing fewer hospital resources like hospitalizations. Notably, despite the increased ER visits, there hasn’t been a corresponding rise in hospital readmissions. These would be due to individuals experiencing cannabis-related psychotic episodes receiving suitable assessment and treatment in the ER, obviating the need for prolonged hospitalization. Furthermore, some psychotic episodes may naturally resolve over time, particularly with reduced or discontinued cannabis consumption. Our result highlights the need for personalized care approaches targeting this group, effectively addressing acute episodes related to cannabis use and psychosis. Addressing this trend requires a multidisciplinary approach involving mental health professionals, addiction specialists, and emergency response teams.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Beliefs and attitudes about medications in patients with psychosis
Authors: Skaare-Fatland K. , Hermann M. , Assmus J. , Hartveit M. , Ruud T. , Horne R. , Drake R. , Drivenes K. , Biringer E.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Patients’ beliefs and attitudes about medications play a role in whether they adhere to their medications or not. Knowledge on how beliefs and attitudes about medications can be influenced is therefore important.

Objectives

The current study aimed to assess whether patients’ perceived support from their therapists regarding use of medications was associated with their beliefs and attitudes about medications. Because non-adherence in patients with psychosis frequently results in relapses and emergencies, this knowledge may be very useful for therapists and patients.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 310 patients diagnosed with psychosis from 31 clinical units in Norwegian mental health specialist care. We assessed beliefs about medications using the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ). BMQ-specific consists of two subscales, BMQ-necessity and BMQ-concerns. Higher score on the necessity subscale indicates stronger beliefs in the necessity of taking the medicine. Higher score on the concern subscale indicates stronger concerns about taking the medicine. We used a newly developed self-report questionnaire, MedSupport, to assess the patients’ perceived support from therapists in dealing with their medications. Higher score on the MedSupport means that the patient experienced more support with decisions related to medications. Linear mixed effect models were used to investigate possible associations of sociodemographic factors, clinical factors and patients’ perceptions of medication support with BMQ.

Results

Patients’ perceptions of medication support from therapists were positively associated with positive beliefs towards medications, β = 0.20, 95% CI [0.04 to 0.35], p=0.012, and negatively associated with concerns about taking the medications, β = -0.31, 95% CI [-0.44 to -0.17], p < 0.001, when other relevant variables were taken into consideration.

Conclusions

The present study shows that therapists may affect patients’ beliefs and concerns about medications. Consequently, medication support may lead to improved adherence to medications prescribed.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
The Impact of Sleep Deprivation in the Treatment of Depression: A Literature Review
Authors: Camilo J.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Depression is a pervasive and debilitating mental health disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Despite the availability of various treatment modalities, a significant proportion of patients continue to experience inadequate symptom relief and persistent emotional suffering. Sleep disturbance is a common symptom of depression, and emerging evidence suggests that manipulating sleep patterns through sleep deprivation may hold potential therapeutic benefits. This literature review aims to explore the role of sleep deprivation as an adjunctive treatment for depression, shedding light on its mechanisms and potential outcomes.

Objectives

To investigate the historical context and theoretical underpinnings of sleep deprivation in depression treatment; to examine the methods and protocols used in studies involving sleep deprivation as a therapeutic intervention for depression; to analyze the empirical evidence regarding the efficacy of sleep deprivation in ameliorating depressive symptoms; to assess the safety and feasibility of implementing sleep deprivation in clinical practice; to discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of sleep deprivation.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was conducted.

Results

The review identified a diverse body of literature exploring the potential benefits of sleep deprivation in depression treatment. Preliminary findings suggest that acute sleep deprivation may lead to rapid and transient improvements in mood among individuals with depression. Various protocols, including total and partial sleep deprivation, have been investigated, demonstrating differential effects on depressive symptoms. Additionally, potential mechanisms underlying these effects, such as alterations in neurochemical pathways and circadian rhythms, have been proposed.

Conclusions

Sleep deprivation as an adjunctive treatment for depression is a promising but complex intervention that requires further investigation. While some studies have reported significant improvements in mood following sleep deprivation, the sustainability of these effects and the potential long-term consequences remain uncertain. Moreover, the optimal protocols, safety guidelines, and patient selection criteria need to be established for clinical application. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms involved and conducting well-designed randomized controlled trials to determine the efficacy and safety of sleep deprivation in the context of depression treatment. This review underscores the importance of considering sleep as a modifiable factor in the comprehensive management of depression.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: a case report and literature review
Authors: Veloso P. , Gomes M. , Lopes de Dios R. , Pereira F.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Cannabis is the most used recreational drug worldwide. Cannabinoids have long been known for their anti-emetic properties. Paradoxically, chronic cannabis consumption has been linked to inducing refractory nausea and vomiting, a condition called cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). CHS remains inadequately acknowledged by clinicians.

Objectives

Report a CHS case and discuss this syndrome’s diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management.

Methods

Collection of clinical information and review of the literature.

Results

We share the case of a 38-year-old male who repeatedly recured to the emergency department (ED) due to persistent vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain. The patient had experienced similar intermittent episodes over the past 12 years. Interestingly, the use of hot showers provided symptomatic relief. Urine drug tests consistently showed positive results for cannabinoids. During acute phases, he required supportive treatment involving fluid therapy. Long-term treatment included cannabis abstinence. CHS is defined by episodic vomiting, following prolonged excessive cannabis consumption, which is alleviated by sustained cessation of cannabis. During the acute phase of the condition, patients often find relief using hot baths and showers, which is a common behavior observed. CHS-related complications encompass acute kidney injury and severe electrolyte disturbances. CHS can result in multiple ED visits, frequent hospitalizations, extensive diagnostic evaluations, and elevated healthcare expenditures. Although the exact pathophysiology of CHS remains unclear, some mechanisms have been proposed. These include reduced gastric motility by gastrointestinal cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) overriding, cannabinoid lipid buildup, endocannabinoid system dysregulation, dysregulated stress response, changes in thermoregulation, modifications in the transient receptor potential vanilloid system and genetic polymorphisms in the P450 system. In the acute phase, the foremost concern is providing supportive care including intravenous hydration and electrolyte corrections. The most effective treatment for CHS is cannabis cessation. Nevertheless, there are alternative treatments that have shown promise in alleviating symptoms, such as hot water hydrotherapy, topical capsaicin, haloperidol, benzodiazepines, propranolol and aprepitant.

Conclusions

As cannabis usage becomes increasingly prevalent, it becomes imperative for healthcare providers to acknowledge the long-term effects of cannabinoids, specifically regarding CHS. This diagnosis should be contemplated when evaluating patients who experience recurrent and incoercible vomiting coupled with a history of cannabis consumption. The compulsion to take hot baths or showers can serve as a noteworthy indicator for diagnosing CHS.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Drug-induced psychosis and intravenous drug use in chemsex context
Authors: Curto Ramos J. , Rodríguez Laguna A. , Barrio P. , Ibarguchi L. , García A. , Azqueta I. , Dolengevich Segal H.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Several studies have called atention to the mental health disorders associated with chemsex -the intentional use of drugs before or during sexual intercourse GBMSM (gay, bisexual and men who have sex with men) population-. Sexualized intravenous drug use is also known as slam or slamsex. There are few studies that analyze the mental health differences between intravenous drug users compared to non-intravenous drug users in chemsex context.

Objectives

We aim to analyze the relationship between the practice of slamsex and the development of drug-induced psychosis.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive analysis of a sample of users attended by the non-governmental organization Apoyo Positivo in the program “Sex, Drugs and You” between 2016-2019 was performed.

Results

We included 217 participants. Drug-induced psychosis was found in 80 participants. Drug-induced psychosis was significantly higher in the intravenous drug use group compared to the non-intravenous drug use group (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Previous studies have reported that MSM who practiced chemsex were more likely to experience from different mental health disorders, being psychosis one of the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses. In our study, drug-induced psychosis was higher in participants who engaged in intravenous drug use. Further studies analyzing the relationship between slamsex and drug-induced psychosis are needed.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Motives for MDMA Use: A Comparative Study with Alcohol and Cannabis
Authors: Zullino D. , Penzenstadler L. , Rothen S. , Seragnnoli F. , Girardet A. S. , Calzada G. , Thorens G.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

While research on drug use motives has primarily focused on widely used substances like alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, understanding the motivations behind MDMA use is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic, preventive, and harm reduction strategies.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to present the findings of an online survey that evaluates the motives behind the use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and draws comparisons between these motives and those for alcohol and cannabis consumption.

Methods

Data were collected through an online survey, available in both English and French, with 99 participants. The survey included five sections, including a substance abuse screening test (ASSIST) and the Pahnke-Richards Mystical Experience Questionnaire. The primary focus was on motives for MDMA use, assessed using an adapted version of the Marijuana Motives Measure (MMM), comparing them with alcohol and cannabis motives.

Results

The most reported motive for MDMA use was enhancement, followed by expansion motives. Social motives were the third most common, while coping motives ranked fourth, and conformity was the least common motive. Comparisons with alcohol and cannabis use motives revealed differences in motives for each substance. MDMA showed a unique pattern of motives.

Conclusions

Enhancement emerged as the most prevalent motive for MDMA use, consistent with previous research on MDMA motive use. Expansion motives, which involve altering perceptions and increasing self-awareness, ranked second, reflecting the growing interest in MDMA-assisted therapy for conditions like PTSD. Surprisingly, social motives were less common for MDMA compared to alcohol and cannabis, suggesting unique social dynamics associated with MDMA use. Conformity motives were also less significant for MDMA users, possibly due to the age of initiation and user maturity.

Understanding the motives behind MDMA use is essential for designing effective interventions and harm reduction strategies. The distinct motives for MDMA, as compared to alcohol and cannabis, highlight the need for tailored approaches to address its use. Further research should explore the complex interplay of motives, age of initiation, social context, and cultural factors to inform comprehensive strategies related to MDMA use.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
The Effect of the Apollo Neuro Device on Anxiety Among Participants who Underwent Ketamine Assisted Therapy
Authors: Tsang V.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a device called “Apollo” in reducing anxiety, as compared to a control group. Participants were divided into two groups: the intervention group (receiving the “Apollo” device) and the control group (receiving no intervention).

Objectives

The primary outcome measure was the change in Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scores, calculated as the difference between post-GAD-7 and pre-GAD-7 scores.

Methods

Participants were recruited from two different cohorts, with the intervention group derived from the “Apollo” dataset and the control group derived from the “KaT Cohort 9” dataset. Matching was performed based on Age, Sex, and pre-GAD-7 scores to create comparable groups.

For those with full datasets, a total of 4 (out of 5) participants from the “Apollo” group were matched with 15 (out of 45) participants from the “Control” group, based on the selected criteria. Data cleaning was performed to handle missing values and non-numeric entries. Propensity score matching was used to match participants from the “Apollo” and “Control” groups based on Age, Sex, and pre-GAD-7 scores. An independent samples t-test was conducted to compare the mean change in GAD-7 scores between the two groups. Since propensity score matching requires complete data on matching factors (age, sex, pre-GAD-7), those without full datasets were excluded.

Results

The median change in GAD-7 scores in the “Apollo” group was −8.5, indicating a median reduction in anxiety symptoms.The independent samples t-test revealed no statistically significant difference in the change in GAD-7 scores between the “Apollo” and “Control” groups (t = -0.889, p = 0.387). Therefore, the study so far did cannot conclude a significant difference.

Conclusions

Ketamine assisted therapy remains a promising way to decrease anxiety among patients with generalized anxiety disorder and elevated GAD-7 scores. Ways to potentially improve these results are increasing the number of Apollo patients and having more balanced numbers between groups.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Features of cognitive functions in generalized anxiety disorder: narrative review
Authors: Isakulyan E. L. , Marachev M. P.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry and anxiety about several activities or events. Although some cognitive symptoms are common in GAD patients, there are still controversial results from their linkage. Some studies indicate intact cognitive functions in GAD patients, while others suggest that anxiety and its cognitive aspect, worry, are associated with reduced performance in several cognitive domains.

Objectives

To assess the linkage and contribution of cognitive impairment to the maintenance and severity of GAD; to determine which specific domains of cognitive function are impaired in patients with GAD; and to examine age differences regarding cognitive impairment in GAD patients

Methods

A systematic literature search was executed using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases from 1960 to 2023 and the keywords “generalized anxiety disorder”, “anxiety disorder” “cognitive function”, “cognitive dysfunction”, “cognitive impairment”, “late-life”, “young”, “adult”, and their combination.

Results

Anxiety and worry, as main characteristics of GAD, were shown to be linked and manifested by deficient attentional control, a main function of working memory. Attentional control functions are biased toward threats, which, in turn, hinders cognitive processing efficiency. Moreover, several structural and electrophysiological impairments could be linked to cognitive dysfunction in people with GAD. For example, patients with GAD showed reductions in gray matter volumes, especially in the regions of the hip, midbrain, thalamus, insula and superior temporal gyrus. The hippocampus, middle cingulate gyrus, putamen and head of the caudate nucleus also showed lower activity in response to the neutral words. Also, GAD patients have better inhibitory control, which may be associated with more severe symptomatology. These results are consistent with attentional control theory, which posits that worry might negatively impinge on inhibition and set-shifting. In terms of age differences, we observed that GAD in elderly patients is associated with impairment of short-term and delayed memory. In young adults, GAD is associated with various cognitive impairments, particularly in selective attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility, planning ability or efficiency, and other executive functions (EF).

Conclusions

To sum up, we observed that GAD is associated with worse cognitive functioning in several domains. Further research into cognitive dysfunction in GAD is needed to better understand the impact on daily living and to allow more tailored treatment strategies including medication, therapy and interventions targeted to improve specific cognitive domains.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
The multimodal psychotherapy of the anxiety disorders patients
Authors: Mishyiev V. , Mykhaylov B. , Grynevych Y. , Omelyanovich V.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Anxiety disorders are a common type of mental pathology with severe social and medical consequences in the lives of people suffering from them. General population studies indicate their prevalence ranges from 1.7% to 4.7% of the population. According to data from a US national study among the population aged 15 to 54 years, only 2.7% and 4.7%, respectively, suffered from panic disorder, one of the common types of anxiety disorders, during their lifetime. At the same time, the features of the emotional structure of anxiety disorders and the effectiveness of their psychotherapy among the population of low-income countries, especially in countries in a situation of prolonged bloody war and environmental disaster, remain poorly studied.

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the emotional symptomatic structure of anxiety disorder and evaluate the effectiveness of their psychotherapeutic correction. For this purpose, 180 patients with anxiety disorders who were hospitalized in Ukraine (during the period 2022 - 2023) were examined.

Methods

The basic method was group psychotherapy with elements of rational, positive, suggestive and family psychotherapy. Regarding emotional disorders, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was used for phobic-depressive and anxiety-depressive syndromes.

Results

Most patients experienced a decrease in the level of general anxiety and internal anxiety. Almost no spontaneous occurrence of fear was observed. During active interviewing, patients stated that their previous anxieties and fears had lost their relevance and acquired clear emotional overtones. There was also a significant decrease in the symptoms of the depressive cycle, and patients began to feel joy and optimism.

Conclusions

To correct emotional dysfunction in patients with episodic paroxysmal disorders, generalized anxiety disorders and mixed anxiety-depressive disorders, it is optimal to use a system of psychotherapeutic correction built on stepwise and multimodal principles.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Effects of adding acupuncture to group psychotherapy for anxiety
Authors: Mehl-Madrona L.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Acupuncture has long been used in treating anxiety, and a literature exists on its effectiveness. However, acupuncture is rarely covered by government insurance (Medicaid or Medicare) or even by many commercial insurance carriers in the United States, making it inaccessible to those who cannot pay separately.

Objectives

We asked if adding acupuncture to an anxiety group would improve outcome.

Methods

We provided acupuncture during group psychotherapy for anxiety as a non-billable service. This was feasible since patients were already being billed for group psychotherapy. A physician and a social work intern led the group. At the start of the group, the physician went around the circle of group members and inserted acupuncture needles, using points in the ears, head, hands, feet, and, in the summer, arms and lower legs). The size of the group ranged from 4 to 12 people. We used Battlefield auricular points, the four gates (Large Intestine 4 and Liver 3, bilaterally), and GV24, GV29, Ht7, and Sp6. Sometimes, other points were added for other symptoms (back pain, neck pain, etc.) People sometimes joined the group without anxiety as a core problem in getting access to acupuncture. A core group of patients formed who came weekly while others came and went. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale measured anxiety after treatments 4, 8, and 12. The group lasted 90 minutes and consisted of mindfulness training, guided imagery, and CBT for anxiety. All patients met the criteria for generalized anxiety disorder. The t-test procedure was used to compare the differences between the means for the two groups.

Results

Thirty-five patients received acupuncture, while another 55 patients attended the group and did not elect to receive acupuncture. All patients were covered by MaineCare health insurance, Maine’s version of Medicaid. All patients had multiple other medical problems, which was why they were referred to the group. Seventy percent of the patients were women, and 30% were men. The average age was 40.1 years. Anxiety ratings on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale decreased by the last time measured for those not receiving acupuncture by an average of 5.17 points (S.D. 2.9; n = 55). Anxiety ratings for those receiving acupuncture decreased by an average of 7.19 points (S.D. 2.5, n = 35). The difference of the means was -2.02 (S.E. 0.595; 95% CI = -2.203 to -0.837; t = -3.394; p = 0.001). Headaches, shoulder pains, and upper back pain also decreased. Patients reported high levels of benefit from the acupuncture and encouraged other patients to continue to come and try the acupuncture. Usually, the needles could be placed within the first third of the group.

Conclusions

Acupuncture improved anxiety ratings for people in group psychotherapy for anxiety over group alone, though the possibility of a placebo effect cannot be eliminated. Patients chose acupuncture, which could also present a potential bias.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and arachnoid cysts: tracing the association regarding a case report
Authors: Regueiro Martín-Albo C. , Sanabria F. M. , Durán E. E. , Fariña M. F. , Criado N. R.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

In the review of recent literature, we found very few presentations of case reports in which the presumed association between psychiatric disorders and arachnoid cysts is discussed. Arachnoid cysts are rare brain tumors with little apparent symptomatic impact and in most cases, they are diagnosed incidentally. We present the case of a 15-year-old adolescent with a personal history of a previous severe depressive episode, as well as suspicion of serious mental pathology in the family. It presents a subacute onset episode, in the context of regular cannabis consumption, consisting of intense emotional lability and psychomotor restlessness, a tendency toward irritability, decreased sleep needs, and the appearance of delusional ideas of harm and self-referential interruption. During the study of the case, and incidentally, the cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of an arachnoid cyst located in the left frontotemporal location, approximately 4 cm in diameter.

Objectives

(1) To describe the clinical particularities of this case, focusing on the diagnostic difficulties we faced. (2) To review current scientific evidence regarding the possible association between neuropsychiatric symptoms and arachnoid cysts.

Methods

A review of the patient’s clinical history was carried out and complementary tests were performed. Likewise, a review of the available scientific literature was also performed in relation to the appearance of neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with the presence of arachnoid cysts.

Results

The literature regarding the possible association between psychosis and arachnoid cysts is scarce. However, it is proposed that arachnoid cysts may be associated with various neuropsychiatric alterations, such as affective alterations, schizophrenia-like psychosis or amnestic symptoms. The atypicality in the symptoms sometimes leads us to suspect an organic origin of the condition, with some features such as associated memory deficits, emotional incontinence, movement disorders or neurological focal data; some of which are present in the case at hand.

Conclusions

There is controversy among different sources regarding the role of the cyst in the development of symptoms or, on the contrary, its presentation only as a chance finding. Further investigation focusing on clinical observations and neuroimaging is needed.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
The Effect of Social Support on Recovery and Treatment Adherence in Individuals Diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Aydar R. , Aktaş M. C. , Ayhan C. H.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Social support have affected the recovery and adherence with treatment in bipolar patients.

Objectives

This research aims to understand the contribution of social support mechanisms to treatment adaptation processes in individuals struggling with bipolar disorder and the effects of these support mechanisms on recovery. In this way, the importance of the social support factor will be tried to be understood in order to provide more effective and customized support to individuals living with bipolar disorder.

Methods

This study will planned to descriptive correlational design. The data will collect to using the Morisky Treatment Adherence Scale (MTAS), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Recovery Process Inventory (RPIS), and the Sociodemographic Data Form from individuals diagnosed with Bipolar disorders. By filling out these scales, participants will evaluate their treatment compliance, perceived social support levels, and recovery processes. The data will be subjected to appropriate methods for statistical analysis and will be used to understand the relationships between social support and treatment compliance and recovery processes.

Results

Data extraction is still on going in detailed style by principal authors. Description of studies and the key findings will be presented.

Conclusions

It is thought that the results obtained from this research will be an important guide in providing more effective support to individuals with the level of social support, treatment adherence and recovery processes in individuals struggling with bipolar disorder

Key Words

bipolar disorder, social support, treatment adherence, recovery.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Smith-Magenis Syndrome associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder with delayed diagnosis due to B12 deficiency: a case report
Authors: Orpay A. N. , Güler H. A. , Türkoğlu S.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a complex genetic disorder characterised by distinctive physical features, developmental delay, cognitive impairment and a typical behavioural phenotype. SMS is caused by interstitial 17p11.2 deletions (90%) involving multiple genes, including the retinoic acid-induced 1 gene (RAI1), or by pathogenic variants in RAI1 itself (10%).

Objectives

In this case report, we present a case of Smith-Magenis syndrome with Autism Spectrum Disorder with karyotype 46,XX, 17p 11.2 gene deletion confirmed by Autism Spectrum Disorder, who was followed up in a paediatric neurology outpatient clinic with neuromotor developmental delay and whose diagnosis was delayed due to B12 deficiency. We also update scientific developments in Smith-Magenis syndrome.

Methods

We describe an 18-month-old male with Smith-Magenis syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder who was seen in our paediatric psychiatric outpatient clinic and who received B12 replacement with developmental delay.

Results

The patient was followed up in the paediatric neurology outpatient clinic with delay in neuromotor developmental milestones and this delay was thought to be due to B12 deficiency (B12<100 ng/L). The initial examination revealed delay in neuromotor and behavioural milestones, speech delay, wide and high nasal bridge and hypertelorism. Further physical examination revealed syndactyly of the second and third toes bilaterally and crossed lower teeth. Clinical and psychometric testing (Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory) by 2 consultants and 1 research assistant resulted in a diagnosis of intellectual disability and an additional diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder due to social deficits that could not be explained by intellectual disability.

Conclusions

Smith-Magenis syndrome is a well-known disorder involving the deletion of chromosome 17p11.2, which contains the RAI1 gene. This condition is associated with neuromotor and behavioural delay, as well as distinctive dysmorphic features. Clinicians should consider Smith-Magenis syndrome in the differential diagnosis for patients with delayed neuromotor and behavioural milestones, even in the presence of documented blood parameters (such as B12 deficiency) that may account for the delay.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Influence of genetic background on the clinical picture of bipolar affective disorder in a population of children and adolescents
Authors: Kamińska K. , Bień M. , Dąbrowska K. , Janas-Kozik M. , Cichoń L. , Wilczyński K.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Bipolar disorder in children is characterized by a different course than in adults, which is a diagnostic difficulty. DAT-1 is a dopamine transporter gene that regulates dopaminergic neurotransmission through the mechanism of active reuptake of this neurotransmitter from the synapse. Polymorphisms within the described gene can result in changes in dopamine levels, which may have implications for the development of bipolar disorder.

Objectives

The aim of the project was to analyze the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the dopamine transporter gene DAT-1 and the risk of development of bipolar disorder in a population of children and adolescents.

Methods

21 healthy controls (12 females, 9 males) have been recruited into the study and 13 patients (9 girls, 4 boys) with bipolar disorder diagnosis from Department of Psychiatry and outpatient clinic, were recruited for the study group. Questionnaires such as the KSADS-PL were carried out and blood was taken for laboratory tests of four SNPs within the DAT-1 transporter. PQStat, Microsoft Excel 2013 and StatSoft STATISTICA were used to perform the statistical analysis.

Results

SNPs within the dopamine transporter gene and environmental risk factors influenced the risk of developing bipolar disorder in the population of children and adolescents.

Conclusions

The ambiguity in results emphasizes the necessity for further investigations into correlation between genetic factors in bipolar disorder etiology. Future research should involve more participants. The results of this project are likely to make a significant and valuable contribution to the current knowledge of bipolar disorder and to the development of innovative diagnostic methods, making a significant contribution to the advancement of science.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Treatment recommendations and predictors in Eating Disorders
Authors: Fernandez-Aranda F.
Published: August 2024

Eating disorders are severe mental disorders with a high mortality rate - suicidality - and a high incidence in adolescence and early adulthood, especially in women. The course of these disorders is uncertain and treatment outcomes are limited, with successful outcomes in 50-75% of cases. For bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED), several factors, such as duration of the disorder, eating and general psychopathology, dysfunctional personality traits and cognitive impairment, have been found to be associated with treatment adherence and response. In anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical ED (OSFED), treatment response is poorer, with higher dropout rates and longer duration and chronicity. In this presentation, we will describe recent prospective observational studies in large samples of EDs analysing clinical, personality and cognitive predictors of treatment response in eating disorders, as well as potential associated neurobiomarkers. Optimisation of health care resources and transitions, as well as early and effective personalised treatments, can change the trajectory of EDs.

Disclosure of Interest

F. Fernandez-Aranda Grant / Research support from: We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. We also want to thank the Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) and ISCIII (CIBERobn is its initiative). This research was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (FIS PI20/00132) and co-funded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), a way to build Europe.Additional support was received from the Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (2021I031) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grant PID2021-124887OB-I00), but also AGAUR-Generalitat de Catalunya (2021-SGR-00824), European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant agreement no. 847879 (PRIME/H2020, Prevention and Remediation of Insulin Multimorbidity in Europe) and the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program under grant agreement No 101080219 (eprObes)., Consultant of: FFA received consultancy and speakers honoraria from Novo Nordisk.
Borderline personality disorder in adolescents as a predictor of social anxiety
Authors: Baranskaya L.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental disorder characterized by unstable relationships, a tendency to self–destruction, affective and behavioral dysregulation and BPD are a clinical problem

Objectives

Early detection and timely intervention for BPD is becoming a new public health priority as it helps prevent the adverse personal, social and economic consequences of the disorder. Borderline personality disorder first manifests itself, as a rule, in adolescence, so it is easy to mistake it for manifestations of “difficult age” characteristic of the period of growing up. In this sense, the typical signs of borderline personality disorder are not original: low self-esteem, emotional excitability, impulsive behavior and sudden mood swings, to one degree or another characteristic of all adolescents. An alarming exception is, perhaps, only a tendency to self-harm and, the so-called, desocialization of a teenager, the loss of social skills and connections (for example, friendships). Recently, experts have increasingly mentioned desocialization in connection with the development of Internet technologies and gadgets that replace communication in real life for many teenagers

Methods

An anonymous survey of 57 older teenagers conducted. The degree of borderline personality disorder assessed using IPDE, STAI, and CDI. Statistical processing of the results carried out in Microsoft Excel using measures of the central trend (arithmetic mean, standard deviation) and correlation analysis. The significance of the differences between the groups was determined using the Student’s t-test (p < 0.05)

Results

On average, the level of BPD among the respondents was at a low level of 9.81 (±4.43) points. The severity of personal anxiety was at a high level of 45.02 (±13.25) points, situational anxiety was also at a high level of 41.14 (±14.93). The severity of depression was above average and amounted to 55.84 (±14.33) points

Conclusions

Teenage girls are more prone to anxiety and depression than boys are. High anxiety causes a tendency to depression, and these two factors affect the occurrence of PRL. The average score does not affect the manifestations of anxiety, depression and the occurrence of BPD

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared