bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Closing Commentary—IHE-HEE: Are They the Same?
Authors: Nelson HG
Published: March 2009

The terms internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE) and hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE) are used to relate the original location of hydrogen within a system to a degradation in the fracture behavior of a metal structure (either the crack initiation or the growth stage of fracture). Because these phenomena are the combination of a number of processes involved both in the transport of hydrogen and its interaction with the metal lattice, they are complex. To say such complex phenomena are always the same or are always different would be equally absurd. Instead, my answer to this closing question must be to indicate briefly under what conditions IHE and HEE are similar and are different.
Morphological Analysis of Carbon Black
Authors: Hess WM , McDonald GC
Published: March 2009

The particle size and general morphology of carbon black are important parameters in end use applications such as elastomers. Information on carbon black primary unit size, anisometry, and surface area can now be obtained rapidly by direct electron microscope image analysis. The test equipment utilized for these analyses is a special feature specific Quantimet 720 system with a Plumbicon scanner linked directly to a transmission electron microscope by means of a fiber optics coupling. All measurements are recorded automatically on magnetic tape at a rate of about 100 parameters/s. Ultrasonically dispersed samplings of 1000 primary paracrystals of carbon black can be analyzed in less than 15 min. Volume (derived through microdensitometry), longest dimension, surface area, and length/width ratio are among the more important dimensional characteristics. Combinations of these and other parameters also enable classification into nine shape categories using pattern recognition programming. The shape categories range from spheroidal to fibrous configurations and provide a detailed characterization of different carbon black grades when combined with the dimensional information.
Measuring Dynamic Properties of Vulcanizates
Authors: Warner WC
Published: March 2009

The primary environment of rubber is dynamic. The ability of rubber simultaneously to support heavy loads and damp out mechanical vibrations by converting them to heat arises from its viscoelastic nature. The total modulus of a vulcanizate measured on a constant strain rate tester contains significant contributions from both an elastic and a viscous component. The quantitative separation of the two components can be accomplished by a forced vibration resonant device such as the shear vibrometer, resonant beam, Tangorra hysteresimeter, or vibrating reed. The same four-term equation of motion applies to all of these. It applies as a special case to forced vibration nonresonant devices such as the Payne, Takayanagi, servo-hydraulic, and certain electrodynamic testers and also to free vibration, such as torsion pendulum and Yerzley Oscillograph.

Dynamic properties of carbon black filled vulcanizates are strongly affected by compounding variables. Equally significant to rubber technologists is the high dependence on the factors in the environment of the rubber, such as temperature, frequency or strain rate, and especially strain itself. Thus, dynamic tests bear a significant relationship to important technological properties of vulcanizates. Dynamic tests are versatile, rapid to run, and have direct application to use conditions. For these reasons, an increased interest in the theory and practice of dynamic testing can be expected.
Application of the Rheometrics Mechanical Spectrometer to Rubber Testing
Authors: Macosko CW , Weissert FC
Published: March 2009

Rubber products are processed and used over such a wide range of temperature, deformation rates, and conditions that single point or even single variable testing is often insufficient for rubber compound evaluation. We have found the new Rheometrics Mechanical Spectrometer capable of steady and dynamic shear characterization of a variety of rubber materials. The instrument has a temperature range of 80 to 600 K, frequency from 0.001 to 40 Hz, and multiple stress detection over a wide range.

The instrument offers a new test, deformation between eccentric rotating disks, which appears advantageous for obtaining dynamic shear moduli of gums and compounds over a wide frequency range and for following curing reactions. Dynamic and some steady flow start up data are presented on several SBR, EPDM, and silicone materials to illustrate use of the instrument.
Techniques for Continuous Monitoring of Hydrocarbons
Authors: Mack DA , Hollowed CD , McLaughlin RD
Published: March 2009

Among the present methods for analyzing hydrocarbons to perform ambient air, stationary source, and vehicular emission monitoring are flame ionization detection, gas chromatography, nondispersive infrared spectroscopy, dispersive infrared spectroscopy, and catalytic oxidation. Promising methodology includes ultraviolet spectroscopy, optoacoustic detection, along with others. Problems associated with the production of improved instrumentation are discussed and recommendations made for further research and development.
Obtaining Reliable Performance from Hydrocarbon Analyzers
Authors: Stevens DW
Published: March 2009

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reference method for ambient air monitoring of hydrocarbons is gas chromatography. This paper briefly reviews the chromatographic technique and discusses the various parameters which are critical to the satisfactory performance of air quality chromatographs. Detailed information is provided on installation factors, hydrogen and air support gases, and calibration. Training requirements and various methods of maintenance support are also reviewed.
Automatic Chemical Analysis — The First Line of Approach
Authors: Goldberg RD
Published: March 2009

Techniques for specific and accurate measurement of air quality parameters have long been sought from the field of wet chemical analysis. Air pollution applications are discussed and the operations and procedures of continuous wet chemical analysis instruments. Measurement of the effects of air pollution is also considered.
Filter Media for Atmospheric Sampling and Analysis
Authors: Smith WJ , Benson AL
Published: March 2009

Filter media now available for use in the analysis of atmospheres were not designed for such purpose and have some serious deficiencies. Properties of typical filters are stated. The problem is discussed and some directions are indicated toward possible improvement.
Measuring Particulate Matter in Air
Authors: Lee RE
Published: March 2009

Results obtained from measurements of the concentration and size of particulate matter in air are dependent on the method used. Filtration samplers in conjunction with gravimetric analysis, as exemplified by the high-volume air sampler, represent the most commonly used technique in this country. The spot tape sampler and smokeshade devices have value in assessing the soiling properties of particulate matter, but are poor indicators of mass loading. Continuous monitors now available for measuring the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter appear promising, although further field testing is needed to assess their accuracy.

Devices are available for determining the size distribution of particles by number or by weight. Care should be taken not to interchange the results of a number and a weight distribution since they are not equivalent nor necessarily directly relatable. The author prefers cascade impactors for determining the weight size distribution because the fractionated sample is retained for chemical analysis and the respiratory portion can be assessed.
Asbestos Fibers in Lake Superior
Authors: Durham RW , Pang T
Published: March 2009

The discovery of high concentrations of asbestos fibers in the western arm of Lake Superior prompted the monitoring of the whole lake for fiber concentrations in order to determine the extent of transboundary movement. A description of the electron microscope technique used for fiber analysis and identification is given along with an assessment of the accuracy of the method.
Analysis of Zn++, Cd++, and Pb++ in Natural Waters by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Using a Rotating Pt:Hg Electrode
Authors: Pichet P , Grandmaison M
Published: March 2009

A rotating Pt:Hg electrode used for anodic stripping voltammetry gave peak heights varying linearly in the concentration range studied (1 to 600 ppb) for Zn++, Cd++, and Pb++. Good pH buffering appeared essential.
Automated Method for Sulfate Determination in Lake Water
Authors: Santiago MA , Fielek S , Schelske CL
Published: March 2009

An automated turbidimetric method is presented for the determination of sulfate in lake water. Turbidity of samples filtered with 0.45 µm HA Millipore filters is measured at 420 mµm with a Technicon AutoAnalyzer after sulfate is reacted with BaCl2 in HCl reagent. A NH4OH-EDTA rinse prevents coating of the BaSO4 precipitate on the flowcell walls, glass coils, and plastic tubing of the manifold system, eliminating excessive baseline drift. There are no interference effects of seven ions most likely to occur in lake water. Recovery in tests and replicate analyses shows an accuracy better than ±2 percent and a precision of ±2 percent. The method is used to determine 5 to 40 ppm sulfate. Results are compared with those obtained from other automated turbidimetric methods.
Measurable Inorganic Carbon Parameters in Seawater
Authors: Wong CS , Bellegay RD , Cornford AB
Published: March 2009

Existing techniques in use at the Ocean Chemistry Laboratory for measureable parameters of inorganic carbon in seawater are discussed. These parameters are dissolved inorganic carbon (ΣCO2), carbonate alkalinity, partial pressure of CO2 in air and seawater (pCO2), and C13/C12 ratio and C14/C12 ratio, measured by infrared analysis, potentiometric titration, mass spectrometry, and low level radioactive gas counting, respectively. The significance of the measured variability in atmospheric CO2 and exchange with oceanic CO2 is outlined.
Nuclear Activation Determination of Heavy Metals in Great Lakes Sediments, Soils, and Vegetation
Authors: Jewis RE , Chattopadhyay A , Csillag E , Tiefenbach B
Published: March 2009

A combination of neutron and photon activation techniques have been developed and applied for detecting traces of heavy metals from water pollution sources. Air-dried portions of sediments from several regions of the lower Great Lakes, organic cultivated soils, and selected edible vegetation from a heavily-irrigated and fertilized marsh crop-growing area were subjected either to neutron irradiation for 25 to 50 h or to 15 to 44 MeV bremsstrahlung from the University of Toronto electron linear accelerator for 1 to 4 h. Many of the neutron activation determinations at low concentrations required post-activation chemical separations, whereas an advantage of the photonuclear technique for use with such environmental samples was that multielement determinations could be done completely by an instrumental method.

Elements of environmental interest determined in the activated samples included: arsenic, antimony, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, molybdenum, selenium, thallium, zinc, and several others. The concentration ranges involved were from 0.1 to 500 ppm, and the typical analytical accuracy achieved varied from 5 to 15 percent as verified by comparison with other techniques and with standard reference materials. These studies have helped to identify some heavy metal water pollution sources and to elucidate the fate of such metals in sediment, soil-water-vegetation ecosystems.
Analysis of Organochlorine Residues in Fish
Authors: Reynolds LM , Cooper T
Published: March 2009

The analyses of fish for organochlorine residues (OC pesticides, PCBs, PCTs) present some special cleanup problems due mainly to the difficulty of removing coextracted oil. The oil causes erratic elution patterns of the residues from many chromatographic column adsorbents.

Our overall approach to the extraction, cleanup, pre-GLC separations and GLC analysis, as well as the quantitation of PCBs are described. The use of deactivated Florisil in our cleanup procedure solved many of the earlier problems, and has given consistently excellent cleanup (less than 0.01 g remains from 0.5 g fat) and recovery (above 90 percent) of residues from fish and other biological tissues. The Florisil adsorption column is designed to tolerate up to 0.5 g of oil or fat, but with the initial Soxhlet extraction, an appropriate aliquot can be subjected to the column cleanup. An additional cleanup step involving Florisil column partitioning is described for coping with much larger fat samples, especially where very low residue levels are to be determined.

Our approach to PCB quantitation and the use of reference standards are discussed. The proposed use of a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 as reference for most biological samples is preferred.
Problems in the Monitoring of Biomass
Authors: Watson NHF , Carpenter GF , Munawar M
Published: March 2009

Two general approaches for the estimation of standing crop for biomass determinates have been attempted in fresh waters. One involves identification and enumeration of organisms and subsequent extrapolation to biomass from volumetric or weight factors. Several direct methods are available for determining biomass, all of which give results affected by sample size but do not discriminate between types of organisms present. Some examples from current Great Lakes research are presented.
Algal Assays: Development and Application
Authors: Maloney TE , Miller WE
Published: March 2009

The development, refinement, standardization, and practical application of an algal assay procedure are described. Results of experiments are presented to illustrate the use of the algal assay procedure to determine algal growth-limiting nutrients in fresh waters, including lakes and streams; for the assessment of receiving waters to determine their nutrient status and sensitivity to change; for the assessment of the effects of changes in waste treatment processes on receiving waters; and for the evaluation of materials and products to determine their potential effects on algal growth.
Effect of Body Weight on Uptake of Methyl Mercury by Fish
Authors: de Freitas ASW , Hart JS
Published: March 2009

An uptake rate of 1.10 ng mercury (Hg) per h per fish was obtained when small golden shiners, Notemigonus crysoleucus, with a body weight of 2.5 g were exposed to water at 13°C containing 0.1 × 10-3 µg Hg/ml. Results on methyl mercury uptake from water by fish ranging in body weight from 2 to 120 g demonstrate that smaller fish accumulate mercury in their body tissues at a faster rate per unit weight of body tissue than larger fish. Mercury uptake followed first order mass action kinetics in which the whole fish was treated as a single uptake compartment. The acquired body burdens of mercury in the test fish varied proportionately with the 0.76 power of the body weight. The observed body weight exponent of 0.76 is similar to the function one would expect if uptake rate increased in proportion to metabolic rate. Therefore, factors such as water temperature and fish activity may also effect uptake of methyl mercury from water due to their direct effect on metabolic rate.
Automatic Water Quality Monitoring Within the Saint John River Basin
Authors: Cullen DH
Published: March 2009

Automatic water quality monitoring within the Saint John River Basin was conceived in 1968, and its sponsors were the New Brunswick Government and the Water Quality Branch. Initially, it was intended to monitor one trans-boundary stream which was causing serious concern because of the indiscriminate dumping of potato processing waste by a United States processor. The number of monitors was subsequently increased to eight, and these have been located throughout the basin. The parameters being monitored at present are: temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, and chlorides.

The paper outlines the various problems encountered to date in operating the monitors. These include electronic difficulties, telemetry, pumps, probes, and operating under winter conditions. The various solutions that were applied to overcome the problems are also discussed.

Handling of the analytical information generated by the monitors is also outlined, together with an assessment of automatic monitoring and its future use, as viewed by the author.
Field Analysis of Dissolved Gases in Lake Waters by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Murray DAJ , Povoledo D , Schmidt RV
Published: March 2009

Equipment for the analysis in the field of dissolved gases in lake waters by gas chromatography is described. It is portable and can be battery operated. Water from the required depth is pumped continuously through a small glass stripping device. It is equilibrated with flowing helium and the gases introduced into the gas chromatograph by a sample loop. Problems of oxygen and carbon dioxide invasion and degassing of supersaturated gases are avoided. The method will measure from 2 to 1000 micromoles/liter of carbon dioxide.
Pavement Texture Measurement and Evaluation
Authors: Henry JJ , Hegmon RR
Published: March 2009

Two methods of texture measurement are described: the outflow meter and profile analysis. The outflow meter measures the time for a fixed quantity of water to escape between a rubber seal and the pavement. Its development from a simple gravity flow instrument to a high-pressure device is described. The single number outflow parameter is not sufficient to provide adequate prediction of the pavement friction-speed relationship, but it is a parameter sensitive to pavement porosity in addition to surface texture. The profile tracer produces an electrical signal analogous to profile height as a stylus traverses the pavement. This signal is recorded and reduced to a meaningful set of parameters describing the root mean square values of the surface height and its derivatives. The profile spectral density is also obtained. Results for five test pavements are presented and compared with locked wheel skid data.
Use of Tire Noise as a Measure of Pavement Macrotexture
Authors: Veres RE , Henry JJ , Lawther JM
Published: March 2009

A procedure is described for measuring the near-field tire noise generated by a treadless tire operating at specified fixed conditions. Analysis of the noise spectra indicates that they are dependent on pavement macrotexture and that certain characteristics of the spectra appear to correlate with skid number-speed gradient as deduced from locked wheel skid tests. Third-octave spectral analyses are shown for a treadless tire operating at 40 mph over seven test surfaces having different macrotextures. A tentative correlation of the sound pressure level of the tire noise for the thirdoctave with center frequency at 1600 Hz, and the skid number-speed gradient is presented. The investigation suggests the feasibility of tire noise measurements as a practical means of pavement skid resistance appraisal in a normal highway traffic environment.
Application of Auger Electron Spectroscopy to the Study of Embrittlement in Nickel
Authors: Walsh JM , Anderson NP
Published: March 2009

Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) was performed on a series of impurity-doped nickel specimens in order to clarify the nature of certain trace element effects that lead to a reduction in the mechanical properties of nickel and nickel-base alloys. Auger electron spectroscopy of the fully embrittled as-cast material showed grain boundary segregation of sulfur, bismuth, and tellurium in order of decreasing intensity when the bulk levels were as low as 40, 10, and 25 ppm weight, respectively. No segregation of lead, antimony, tin, arsenic, or copper could be detected at the grain boundaries. The observed segregation was confined to a very narrow zone in the vicinity of the grain boundary, and since no precipitates could be found by scanning or transmission electron microscopy, it is suggested that the embrittled condition is due to segregation in the elemental form. The data correlate with previous work on nickel alloys that shows bismuth and tellurium to have a more harmful effect on the mechanical properties than the other metallic solutes.
Chemistry of Metal and Alloy Adherends by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy, Ion Scattering Spectroscopy, and Auger Electron Spectroscopy
Authors: Baun WL , McDevitt NT , Solomon JS
Published: March 2009

In order to reduce empiricism in the design of adhesive bonded systems, one parameter, among many which must be determined, is the chemical composition just at the surface of the metal or alloy adherend surface. Numerous surface chemistry techniques to deduce surface composition have been developed such as secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Each of these (as well as other) techniques when used alone can be a useful profiling tool but become far more powerful when combined with another method. The complementary nature of SIMS/ISS and SIMS/AES make them especially useful combinations. The weakness of one is generally the strength of the other. Specific examples of this strength-weakness relationship are shown for materials studied in research on adhesive bonding. Nearly every chemical and thermal treatment results in changes in surface composition. Even different treatments to pure metals can result in stoichiometry differences between anion and cation or apparent formation of various compounds on the surface. Certainly, it is necessary to know what the composition actually is at the surface in order to properly design an adhesive bonded system. The nominal composition of an alloy bears little resemblance to the surface composition, in most cases.
Errors Observed in Quantitative Ion Microprobe Analysis
Authors: Newbury DE , Heinrich KFJ , Myklebust RL
Published: March 2009

Quantitative reduction of ion microprobe mass analyzer data has been performed with an empirical technique involving relative elemental sensitivity factors and with a physical model, the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) model. A series of macroscopically well-characterized low alloy steels (National Bureau of Standards (NBS) Standard Reference Material 660 series) was anlyzed with empirical relative sensitivity factors derived from one arbitrarily chosen alloy from the series. Relative errors of less than 50 percent were obtained in most cases, but several results were in error by 100 percent or more. The LTE model was used to analyze two multicomponent glasses. Relative errors of 200 percent were observed frequently, with some components consistently in error by an order of magnitude or more. The effect of differing reference data on LTE model calculations was tested. Different combinations of internal concentration standards and different metal/metal oxide ion ratios were employed. The calculated concentrations showed considerable dependence on the choice of reference data.
Transportation, Preparation, and Storage of Frozen Soil Samples for Laboratory Testing
Authors: Baker THW
Published: March 2009

Increased construction activities in cold regions require a better understanding of the behavior of frozen soil. Although in situ testing procedures are being improved or developed, the highly variable and complicated conditions usually encountered in the field make it difficult to formulate interpretations that are useful in practice. Controlled laboratory tests on frozen soils are helpful, therefore, in determining behavior indicative of diverse field conditions and will assist in establishing design information. This paper is a review of the procedures used and the difficulties encountered in the transportation, preparation, and storage of naturally and artificially frozen soil samples required for testing in the laboratory. The effective control of sample disturbance by temperature variation and sublimation and the need for further investigation as to their effect on the mechanical properties of frozen soil are discussed.
Temperature-Controlled Humid Storage Room
Authors: Bozozuk M
Published: March 2009

The design of a soil sample storage room that has been in operation since 1954 is described. The room provides a storage environment with a constant temperature of 55 °F and relative humidities of 90 – 97 percent. It is of wood frame construction, lined with copper sheeting, forming a watertight interior. The desired temperature and humidities are obtained by running water down the walls of the room and circulating it through a heat exchanger. The preparation of samples for storage and the effect of storage times on soils are discussed.
Variation in Atterberg Limits of Soils Due to Hydration History and Specimen Preparation
Authors: Sangrey DA , Noonan DK , Webb GS
Published: March 2009

Drying and rewetting of soils, as presently required in preparing material for Atterberg limit tests, causes significant variation in the liquid limit. Once dried, the rehydration of fine grained soils is time-dependent, requiring typically several weeks rather than the one day period often used. More important are the irreversible effects of drying many soils. Because so many applications of the Atterberg limit values are related to engineering problems of naturally moist soil, the limits determined for nondried soil are more appropriate. It is argued that ASTM standards should reflect this and recognize the severe changes brought about by drying. An alternative method allowing testing of nondried soils should be added to the present standards.
Effect of Specimen Preparation Method on Grain Arrangement and Compressibility in Sand
Authors: Mahmood A , Mitchell JK , Lindblom U
Published: March 2009

Effects of methods of specimen preparation on fabric and compressibility were investigated in a medium grain-sized sand. The effect of vibratory compaction was compared with the effect of pluviation by characterizing the particle arrangements and measuring compressibility in a specially fabricated oedometer. The lateral stresses during compression were also measured.

Specimens densified by vibration in layers had random grain orientation up to 100 percent relative density. When vibration was continued beyond the time interval needed for achieving 100 percent relative density, the grains acquired a preferred orientation. Pluviated specimens had randomly oriented grains at both low and high densities.

The loose, pluviated specimens were much more compressible than the dense specimens prepared by the same procedure. The dense specimens when prepared by vibration were less compressible than the pluviated specimens. The lateral stresses were higher in the loose pluviated specimens than in the dense pluviated specimens during loading. On unloading, the same trend was present initially but reversed at lower axial loads. This trend was also measured in the specimens prepared by vibration.
A Technique for the Preparation of Specimens of Loose Layered Silts
Authors: Nacci VA , D'Andrea RA
Published: March 2009

A brief review of previously published results of shear strength testing of silty soils is presented. It is noted that, due to their highly porous structure and the resultant unfavorable effects derived from sampling, natural silts are among the least studied deposits in the world. When found in glaciated regions, these deposits are often laminated, usually contain small amounts of clay, and, when laminated, are invariably anisotropic.

A typical naturally occurring silt, prevalent in the area of Providence, Rhode Island, is described in terms of its geologic origin and its in situ index properties.

An experimental procedure which entails laboratory sedimentation, consolidation under small load increments, and laboratory freezing to obtain a soil specimen which may be handled without densification, is described. It is shown that these laboratory produced specimens duplicated the in situ varved structure and index properties of the natural silt. Although the paper reports in detail on the production of cylindrical triaxial specimens, the method may be readily adapted to produce specimens of virtually any size or shape.

In conclusion, it is pointed up that, in utilizing this technique, specimens may be prepared with virtually any angular relationship between the inclination of the layers and the directions of the applied principal stresses, facilitating the investigation of anisotropic strength effects.
Scalping and Replacement Effects on the Compaction Characteristics of Earth-Rock Mixtures
Authors: Donaghe RT , Townsend FC
Published: March 2009

This investigation examines the validity of a scalping and replacement procedure used by many laboratories to determine compaction characteristics of earth-rock mixtures containing oversized particles. Two commonly used methods of computing densities of full-sized specimens, based upon results from tests performed on minus No. 4 fractions of the actual total sample, were examined. Compaction tests were performed on full-scale and scalped and replaced specimens, in which both gravel and fines content were varied. The test results indicate that the scalping and replacement procedure results in significantly lower maximum dry unit weights and higher optimum water content than are obtained for full-scale specimens. The use of the theoretical methods provided better approximations of experimental results on full-scale specimens having gravel contents up to 70 percent than did the relationships developed using the scalping and replacement procedure. For gravel contents above 70 percent, better approximations were obtained using the scalping and replacement procedure.
Cold Cleaning with Halogenated Solvents
Authors: Committee D-26
Published: March 2009

Description

Important information on
Manual on the Use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement
Authors: Committee E-20
Published: March 2009

Description

The Manual on the Use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement was sponsored and compiled by Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement and Subcommittee E20.04 on Thermocouples of the American Society for Testing and Materials. The editorial work was co-ordinated by R. P. Benedict, Westinghouse Electric Corp. Helen Hoersch was the ASTM editor.
Single Cylinder Engine Tests for Evaluating the Performance of Crankcase Lubricants: Part I : Caterpillar IG2 Test Method
Authors: Committee D02
Published: March 2009

Description

The test methods described in this publication have not been subjected to the ASTM Standardization Procedure. They are not standards or standard recommended practices of the American Society of Testing and Materials. However, these procedures are developed and approved by ASTM Committee D02 Technical Division B on Automotive Lubricants. The membership of both Committee D02 and Technical Division B is balanced between producer, consumer and general interest members.
Single Cylinder Engine Tests for Evaluating the Performance of Crankcase Lubricants: Part II: Caterpillar IH2 Test Method
Authors: Committee D02
Published: March 2009

Description

The test methods described in this publication have not been subjected to the ASTM Standardization Procedure. They are not standards or standard recommended practices of the American Society of Testing and Materials. However, these procedures are developed and approved by ASTM Committee D02 Technical Division B on Automotive Lubricants. The membership of both Committee D02 and Technical Division B is balanced between producer, consumer and general interest members.
Single Cylinder Engine Tests for Evaluating the Performance of Crankcase Lubricants: Part IV: Labeco L-38 Test Method
Authors: Committee D-2
Published: March 2009

Description

Those interested in crankcase oil specifications will find this publication useful on a day to day basis. The test method I used to determine the effect of lubricating oil on ring sticking, ring and cylinder wear and accumulation of piston deposits. It is designed to relate to high speed, supercharged diesel engine operation, and in particular to the detergency characteristics and anti-wear properties of diesel crankcase lubricating oils.
Heat Transmission Measurements in Thermal Insulations
Authors: Tye RP
Published: March 2009

Description

The Symposium on Contributions of Basic Heat Transmission Measurements to the Design and Behavior of Thermal Insulation Systems was held at the American Society for Testing and Materials Headquarters in Philadelphia, Pa., on 16-17 April 1973. The symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal and Cryogenic Insulating Materials. R. P. Tye, Dynatech R/D Company, presided as the symposium chairman.
Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Third Conference)
Authors: Berg CA , McGarry FJ , Elliott SY
Published: March 2009

Description

The Third Conference on Composite Materials: Testing and Design was held 21-22 March 1973 in Williamsburg, Va. Committee D30 on High Modulus Fibers and Their Composites of the American Society for Testing and Materials sponsored the conference in conjunction with the Metallurgical Society of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. C. A. Berg, University of Pittsburgh, F. J. McGarry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and S. Y. Elliott, Douglas Aircraft Company, served as coordinators. Most of the papers presented at the eight sessions are included in the volume which complements the first and second conference publications, ASTM STP 460 and ASTM STP 497, Composite Materials: Testing and Design.
Zirconium in Nuclear Applications
Authors: Schemel JH , Rosenbaum HS
Published: March 2009

Description

The Symposium on Zirconium in Nuclear Applications was held 21–24 August 1973 in Portland, Ore., and was co-sponsored by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Committee B-10 on Refractory Metals and Alloys and by the Institute of Metals Division, The Metallurgical Society of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME). Program planning was done jointly by representatives of the ASTM Subcommittee B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium and by the TMS-IMD Nuclear Metallurgy Committee of AIME. J.H. Schemel, AMAX Specialty Metals Corp., presided as the symposium chairman, and H.S. Rosenbaum, General Electric Co., served as the symposium co-chairman. The session chairman and co-chairman included: A.L. Bement, Jr., Massachusetts Institute of Technology; A. Lowe, Jr., Babcock & Wilcox Company; M.L. Picklesimer, National Bureau of Standards; P.L. Rittenhouse, Union Carbide Corporation; D.E. Thomas, Westinghouse Electric Company; J. Wahler, Combustion Engineering, Inc.; and C.D. Williams, General Electric Company.
Metallography—A Practical Tool for Correlating the Structure and Properties of Materials
Authors: Abrams H , Maniar GN
Published: March 2009

Description

The symposium on Metallography—A Practical Tool for Correlating the Structure and Properties of Materials, was given at the Seventy-sixth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Philadelphia, Pa., 25-26 June 1973. Committee E04 on Metallography sponsored the symposium. Halle Abrams, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, and G. N. Maniar, Carpenter Technology Corporation, presided as symposium cochairmen.
Corrosion in Natural Environments
Authors: Ailor WH , Dean SW , Haynie FH
Published: March 2009

Description

The papers in this special technical publication were presented during three symposia at the Seventy-sixth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Philadelphia, Pa., 24-29 June 1973.
Fracture Toughness and Slow-Stable Cracking
Authors: Paris PC , Irwin GR
Published: March 2009

Description

Part one of the 1973 National Fracture Conference contains 18 papers dealing both with classic and novel methods. A significant contribution to the engineers and metallurgists.
Fatigue and Dynamic Testing of Bituminous Mixtures
Authors: Puzinauskas VP
Published: March 2009

Description

The symposium on Fatigue and Dynamic Testing of Bituminous Mixtures was presented at the Seventy-sixth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Philadelphia, Pa., 24—29 June 1973. Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials sponsored the symposium. V. P. Puzinauskas, The Asphalt Institute, presided as symposium chairman.
Some Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Byrne FP
Published: March 2009

Description

This volume of six papers presents the basic fundamentals of analytical chemistry. Included are discussions of gravimetric, volumetric and atomic absorption analysis, purity of reagents and dissolutions of metals.
Erosion, Wear, and Interfaces with Corrosion
Authors: Thiruvengadam A
Published: March 2009

Description

The symposium on Erosion, Wear, and Interfaces with Corrosion was presented at the Seventy-sixth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Philadelphia, Pa., 24-29 June 1973. Committee G02 on Erosion and Wear sponsored the symposium. A. Thiruvengadam, The Catholic University of America, presided as symposium chairman.
Computerized Laboratory Systems
Authors: Frazer JW , Kunz FW
Published: March 2009

Description

The Symposium on Computerized Laboratory Systems was presented at the 25th Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy held in Cleveland, Ohio, 5 March, 1974. The symposium was sponsored by Committee E31 on Computerized Laboratory Systems of the American Society for Testing and Materials. This symposium was primarily a result of the efforts of the symposium organizers F. W. Kunz, Ford Motor Company, and J. W. Frazer, Lawrence Livermore Laboratories. They also served as symposium co-chairmen and editors of the publication.
Properties of Materials for Liquefied Natural Gas Tankage
Authors: Kaufman JG
Published: March 2009

Description

The symposium on Properties of Materials for Liquefied Natural Gas Tankage was presented at May Committee Week of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in, 21-22 May 1974. The American Society for Testing and Materials, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and Metal Properties Council Joint Committee on Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Metals, Low Temperature Panel, sponsored the symposium. J. G. Kaufman, Aluminum Company of America, presided as symposium chairman.
Thermal Insulations in the Petrochemical Industry
Authors: Govan FA , Kummins JS
Published: March 2009

Description

The Symposium on Thermal Insulations in the Petrochemical Industry was held on 12 March 1974 in Tulsa, Okla. It was sponsored by the American Society for Testing and Materials' (ASTM) Committee C-16 on Thermal and Cryogenic Insulating Materials in cooperation with the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) and was presented during a meeting of AIChE. F.A. Govan, York Research Corp., presided as the symposium chairman, and J.S. Kummins, Dow Corning Corp., served as the cochairman.
Water Pollution Assessment: Automatic Sampling and Measurement
Authors: Ballinger DG , Skougstad MW
Published: March 2009

Description

The symposium on Water Pollution Assessment: Automatic Sampling and Measurement was presented at the Seventy-seventh Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Washington, D.C., 23—28 June 1974. Committee D19 on Water sponsored the symposium. D. G. Ballinger, Environmental Protection Agency, and M. W. Skougstad, Analytical Methods Research WRD, presided as symposium co-chairmen.
Surface Texture Versus Skidding: Measurements, Frictional Aspects, and Safety Features of Tire-Pavement Interactions
Authors: Rose JG
Published: March 2009

Description

Ten papers cover measurement systems, frictional aspects, and safety features. Particularly useful for civil engineers, highway designers, automotive engineers, tire technologies and others concerned with highway safety.
Performance Monitoring for Geotechnical Construction
Authors: Dunnicliff CJ , Stern LI
Published: March 2009

Description

The National Materials Conservation Symposium on Resource Recovery and Utilization was held 29 April-1 May 1974 at the National Bureau of Standards in The symposium was sponsored by: National Bureau of Standards; Bureau of Mines; Environmental Protection Agency; National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc.; and American Society for Testing and Materials. Harvey Alter, National Center for Resource Recovery, Inc., and Emanuel Horowitz, National Bureau of Standards, served as the symposium cochairmen.
Atmospheric Corrosion Investigation of Aluminum-Coated, Zinc-Coated, and Copper-Bearing Steel Wire and Wire Products (A Twelve Year Report)
Authors: Kelley VI
Published: March 2009

Description

The results of eight test sites over a period of twelve years are shown. An invaluable reference book.
Transactions of Technical Conference on Metric Mechanical Fasteners
Authors: Wilson CJ
Published: March 2009

Description

Details many engineering concepts used to develop metric fasteners.
Mechanics of Crack Growth
Authors: Rice JR , Paris PC
Published: March 2009

Description

This publication, Mechanics of Crack Growth, contains papers presented at the Eighth National Symposium on Fracture Mechanics which was held at Brown University, Providence, R. I., 26-28 Aug. 1974. The symposium was sponsored by Committee E24 on Fracture Testing of Metals of the American Society for Testing and Materials. J. R. Rice and P. C. Paris, Brown University, presided as symposium co-chairmen.
Resistance to Plane-Stress Fracture (R-Curve Behavior) of A572 Structural Steel
Authors: Novak SR
Published: March 2009

Description

This publication, Resistance to Plane-Stress Fracture (R-Curve Behavior) of A572 Structural Steel, is one of the papers presented at the Eighth National Symposium on Fracture Mechanics which was held at Brown University, Providence, R. I., 26—28 Aug. 1974. A summary only appears in the proceedings of this symposium (Mechanics of Crack Growth, ASTM STP 590). The symposium was sponsored by Committee E24 on Fracture Testing of Metals of the American Society for Testing and Materials. J. R. Rice and P. C. Paris, Brown University, presided as symposium co-chairmen.
Fracture Mechanics of Composites
Authors: Sendeckyj GP
Published: March 2009

Description

The Symposium on Fracture Mechanics of Composites was held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Md., on 25 Sept. 1975. ASTM Committee D30 on High Modulus Fibers and Their Composites sponsored the symposium. G. P. Sendeckyj, Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory, presided as the symposium chairman.
Fatigue Crack Growth Under Spectrum Loads
Authors: Wei RP , Stephens RI
Published: March 2009

Description

The Symposium on Fatigue Crack Growth Under Spectrum Loads was held on 23-24 June 1975 at the Seventy-eighth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Committee E24 on Fracture Testing of Metals and Committee E09 on Fatigue sponsored the symposium. R. P. Wei, Lehigh University, and R. I. Stephens, The University of Iowa, served as the symposium cochairmen. Serving as members of the Symposium Organizing/Program Committee and as session chairmen were J. M. Barsom, U. S. Steel Corp.; W. G. Clark, Jr., Westinghouse R & D Center; N. E. Dowling, Westinghouse R & D Center; C. M. Hudson, NASA Langley Research Center; E. K. Walker, Lockheed California Co.; and Howard Wood, AFFDL/FBR, Wright-Patterson AFB.
Surface Analysis Techniques for Metallurgical Applications
Authors: Cuthill JR , Carbonara RS
Published: March 2009

Description

Deals with ion scattering spectroscopy, auger electron spectroscopy, for chemical analysis, and ion microprobe mass analysis in twelve extensive papers.
Soil Specimen Preparation for Laboratory Testing
Authors: Sangrey DA , Mitchell RJ
Published: March 2009

Description

A very interesting book showing the effects of poor field sampling and preparation on final laboratory results. A must for civil engineers and soil scientists
Roofing Systems
Authors: Brotherson DE
Published: March 2009

Description

Contains 8 papers, which present the newest methods for roofing. A comprehensive book on a seldom-discussed topic.
Biological Monitoring of Water and Effluent Quality
Authors: Cairns J , Dickson KL , Westlake GF
Published: March 2009

Description

The symposium on Biological Monitoring of Water and Effluent Quality was held at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va., 2—4 Nov. 1975. The symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committee D19 on Water. R. E. Sparks, K. L. Dickson, G. F. Westlake, and John Cairns, Jr., presided as session chairmen. John Cairns, Jr., K. L. Dickson, and G. F. Westlake, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University served as editors of this publication.
Recent Developments in Mechanical Testing
Authors: Schmieder AK
Published: March 2009

Description

The symposium on Recent Developments in Mechanical Testing was presented at the Seventy-eighth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Montreal, Canada, 227 June 1975. Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing sponsored the symposium. A. K. Schmieder, General Electric Company, presided as symposium chairman.
Child-Resistant Packaging
Authors: Ford JMB , Richards C
Published: March 2009

Description

Addesses the serious regulatory problems of creating child-resistant packages. Contains 14 papers and Poison Prevention Packaging Act.
Thermal Fatigue of Materials and Components
Authors: Spera DA , Mowbray DF
Published: March 2009

Description

The Symposium on Thermal Fatigue of Materials and Components was presented at the meeting held in New Orleans, 17-18 Nov. 1975. The symposium was sponsored by The American Society for Testing and Materials through its Committee E09 on Fatigue. D. A. Spera, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lewis Research Center, and D. F. Mowbray, General Electric Co., presided as symposium co-chairmen.
Use of Computers in the Fatigue Laboratory
Authors: Mindlin H , Landgraf RW
Published: March 2009

Description

The symposium on Use of Computers in the Fatigue Laboratory was presented at the November Committee Week of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in New Orleans, La., 17—21 November 1975. ASTM Committee E09 on Fatigue sponsored the symposium. Harold Mindlin, Battelle's Columbus Laboratories, served as symposium chairman, and R. W. Landgraf, Ford Scientific Research Laboratories, presided as symposium cochairman.
Fire Standards and Safety
Authors: Robertson AF
Published: March 2009

Description

One of the first serious discussions is that of the problems posed by a accidental fire. Containing 16 papers, this book gives characteristics of fire hazards and the response of society.
Quality Systems in the Nuclear Industry
Authors: Marguglio BW
Published: March 2009

Description

The monograph written by B. W. Marguglio is written in the concept of total quality. It is organized by project phase and is application to other high technology industries. It treats design, procurment, and fabrication.
Composite Materials: Testing and Design (Fourth Conference)
Authors: Davis JG
Published: March 2009

Description

The Fourth Conference on Composite Materials: Testing and Design was held 3-4 May 1976 at Valley Forge, Pa. The American Society for Testing and Materials' Committee D30 on High Modulus Fibers and Their Composites sponsored the conference. J. G. Davis, Jr., National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Langley Research Center, served as conference chairman. Most of the papers presented at the eight sessions are included in this volume which complements the first, second, and third conference publications—ASTM STP 460, ASTM STP 497, and ASTM STP 546, Composite Materials: Testing and Design.
Flameless Atomic Absorption Analysis: An Update
Authors: Bhargava OP
Published: March 2009

Description

The symposium on Flameless Atomic Absorption Analysis: An Update was presented at the Seventy-eighth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Montreal, Canada, 22—27 June 1975. Committee E03 on Metallography sponsored the symposium. O. P. Bhargava, Steel Company of Canada, Ltd., presided as symposium chairman.