bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A pilot feasibility randomised controlled trial of bone antiresorptive agents on bone turnover markers in critically ill women
Authors: Orford Neil R. , Bone Allison , Kotowicz Mark A. , Bailey Michael , Pasco Julie A. , Maiden Matthew , Kakho Nima , Cattigan Claire , Nichonghaile Martina , Jones Claire , Hodgson Carol , Nair Priya , Center Jacqueline , Bellomo Rinaldo
Published: January 2024

Critical illness is associated with increased bone turnover, loss of bone density, and increased risk of fragility fractures. The impact of bone antiresorptive agents in this population is not established. This trial examined the efficacy, feasibility, and safety of antiresorptive agents administered to critically ill women aged fifty years or greater. Women aged 50 years or greater admitted to an intensive care unit for at least 24 h were randomised to receive an antiresorptive agent (zoledronic acid or denosumab) or placebo, during critical illness and six months later (denosumab only). Bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD) were monitored for 1 year. We studied 18 patients over 35 months before stopping the study due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Antiresorptive medications decreased the bone turnover marker type 1 cross-linked c-telopeptide (CTX) from day 0 to 28 by 43% (± 40%), compared to an increase of 26% (± 55%) observed with placebo (absolute difference − 69%, 95% CI − 127% to − 11%), p = 0.03). Mixed linear modelling revealed differences in the month after trial drug administration between the groups in serum CTX, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and phosphate. Change in BMD between antiresorptive and placebo groups was not statistically analysed due to small numbers. No serious adverse events were recorded. In critically ill women aged 50-years and over, antiresorptive agents suppressed bone resorption markers without serious adverse events. However, recruitment was slow. Further phase 2 trials examining the efficacy of these agents are warranted and should address barriers to enrolment.

Trial registration: ACTRN12617000545369, registered 18th April 2017.
Optimized two-stage time-truncated control chart for Weibull distribution
Authors: Ali Shafaqat , Jorge Jose , Aslam Muhammad , Kashif Muhammad
Published: January 2024

In this article, an attribute control chart is proposed when the lifetime of a product follows a Weibull distribution in two-stage sampling, which is based on the number of failures from a truncated life test. The coefficients of the proposed double sampling attribute control chart and the test duration are determined so that the average run length when the process is in control is close to the target value. An overview is reported on how double sampling np control charts work. Tables reporting the out-of-control average run lengths are given for various shift parameters. A case study is given to illustrate the proposed control chart for industrial use. A comparison of two-stage and single-stage sampling of failure of products is discussed.
Decarbonising road freight transport: The role of zero-emission trucks and intangible costs
Authors: Aryanpur Vahid , Rogan Fionn
Published: January 2024

The road freight sector faces significant challenges in decarbonisation, driven by high energy demand and limited availability of low-emission fuels and commercialised zero-emission vehicles. This study investigates intangible costs associated with advanced electric and hydrogen-powered trucks, including recharging/refuelling time, cargo capacity limitations, and buyer reluctance towards emerging technologies. Utilising a comprehensive whole-systems modelling approach considering low- and zero-emission fuels, inter-sectoral dynamics, and the carbon budget, we explore cost-optimal decarbonisation pathways for heavy, medium, and light trucks. Scenario and sensitivity analyses reveal the following insights: (1) Electric trucks dominate the market under mitigation pathways across all weight categories. However, the inclusion of intangible costs triggers a shift, leading to the emergence of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles for heavy trucks, while battery electric vehicles are preferred for medium and small trucks. (2) Prioritising heavy truck decarbonisation and taking early action are crucial to avoid carbon lock-in effects. (3) Considering limited decarbonisation options, where electric and hydrogen-fuelled trucks are pivotal, this research highlights the significance of policy instruments targeting operational expenditures over conventional purchase price incentives. Such policies offer dual benefits by supporting truck owners and directing incentives more precisely towards achieving measurable emission reductions.
The phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis affects sperm, embryo, and sporophyte development, and metabolism in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Wang Mengyao , Tabeta Hiromitsu , Ohtaka Kinuka , Kuwahara Ayuko , Nishihama Ryuichi , Ishikawa Toshiki , Toyooka Kiminori , Sato Mayuko , Wakazaki Mayumi , Akashi Hiromichi , Tsugawa Hiroshi , Shoji Tsubasa , Okazaki Yozo , Yoshida Keisuke , Sato Ryoichi , Ferjani Ali , Kohchi Takayuki , Hirai Masami Yokota
Published: January 2024

Serine metabolism is involved in various biological processes. Here we investigate primary functions of the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis in a non-vascular plant Marchantia polymorpha by analyzing knockout mutants of MpPGDH encoding 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in this pathway. Growth phenotypes indicate that serine from the phosphorylated pathway in the dark is crucial for thallus growth. Sperm development requires serine from the phosphorylated pathway, while egg formation does not. Functional MpPGDH in the maternal genome is necessary for embryo and sporophyte development. Under high CO2 where the glycolate pathway of serine biosynthesis is inhibited, suppressed thallus growth of the mutants is not fully recovered by exogenously-supplemented serine, suggesting the importance of serine homeostasis involving the phosphorylated and glycolate pathways. Metabolomic phenotypes indicate that the phosphorylated pathway mainly influences the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, and lipid metabolism. These results indicate the importance of the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis in the dark, in the development of sperm, embryo, and sporophyte, and metabolism in M. polymorpha.
Type 2 diabetes and its genetic susceptibility are associated with increased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in UK Biobank
Authors: Lee Aeyeon , Seo Jieun , Park Seunghwan , Cho Youngkwang , Kim Gaeun , Li Jun , Liang Liming , Park Taesung , Chung Wonil
Published: January 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known as one of the important risk factors for the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Here, we evaluate the impact of T2D and its genetic susceptibility on the severity and mortality of COVID-19, using 459,119 individuals in UK Biobank. Utilizing the polygenic risk scores (PRS) for T2D, we identified a significant association between T2D or T2D PRS, and COVID-19 severity. We further discovered the efficacy of vaccination and the pivotal role of T2D-related genetics in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. Moreover, we found that individuals with T2D or those in the high T2D PRS group had a significantly increased mortality rate. We also observed that the mortality rate for SARS-CoV-2-infected patients was approximately 2 to 7 times higher than for those not infected, depending on the time of infection. These findings emphasize the potential of T2D PRS in estimating the severity and mortality of COVID-19.
Mobilization of cholesterol induces the transition from quiescence to growth in Caenorhabditis elegans through steroid hormone and mTOR signaling
Authors: Schmeisser Kathrin , Kaptan Damla , Raghuraman Bharath Kumar , Shevchenko Andrej , Rodenfels Jonathan , Penkov Sider , Kurzchalia Teymuras V.
Published: January 2024

Recovery from the quiescent developmental stage called dauer is an essential process in C. elegans and provides an excellent model to understand how metabolic transitions contribute to developmental plasticity. Here we show that cholesterol bound to the small secreted proteins SCL-12 or SCL-13 is sequestered in the gut lumen during the dauer state. Upon recovery from dauer, bound cholesterol undergoes endocytosis into lysosomes of intestinal cells, where SCL-12 and SCL-13 are degraded and cholesterol is released. Free cholesterol activates mTORC1 and is used for the production of dafachronic acids. This leads to promotion of protein synthesis and growth, and a metabolic switch at the transcriptional level. Thus, mobilization of sequestered cholesterol stores is the key event for transition from quiescence to growth, and cholesterol is the major signaling molecule in this process.
Parbendazole as a promising drug for inducing differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells with various subtypes
Authors: Matsuo Hidemasa , Inagami Aina , Ito Yuri , Ito Nana , Iyoda Shinju , Harata Yutarou , Higashitani Moe , Shoji Kota , Tanaka Miu , Noura Mina , Mikami Takashi , Kato Itaru , Takita Junko , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Adachi Souichi
Published: January 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignancy characterized by differentiation arrest of hematopoietic precursor cells. Differentiation therapy is effective for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia; however, only a few effective differentiation therapies have been established for patients with other AML subtypes. In this study, seven benzimidazole anthelmintics were examined to determine the effects of differentiation on AML cells. The expression of monocyte markers (CD11b and CD14) was elevated after treatment with most benzimidazole anthelmintics. Among these drugs, parbendazole (PBZ) induced AML cell differentiation at low concentration. PBZ induced the monocyte marker expression, KLF4/DPYSL2A gene expression, and apoptosis for 21 AML cell lines with various subtypes and a primary AML sample. Finally, an in vivo analysis using an AML patient-derived xenograft mouse model showed a significant decrease in the chimerism level and prolonged survival in PBZ-treated mice. These findings could lead to a more effective differentiation therapy for AML.
The efficacy of chemotherapy is limited by intratumoral senescent cells expressing PD-L2
Authors: Chaib Selim , López-Domínguez José Alberto , Lalinde-Gutiérrez Marta , Prats Neus , Marin Ines , Boix Olga , García-Garijo Andrea , Meyer Kathleen , Muñoz María Isabel , Aguilera Mònica , Mateo Lidia , Stephan-Otto Attolini Camille , Llanos Susana , Pérez-Ramos Sandra , Escorihuela Marta , Al-Shahrour Fatima , Cash Timothy P. , Tchkonia Tamara , Kirkland James L. , Abad María , Gros Alena , Arribas Joaquín , Serrano Manuel
Published: January 2024

Chemotherapy often generates intratumoral senescent cancer cells that strongly modify the tumor microenvironment, favoring immunosuppression and tumor growth. We discovered, through an unbiased proteomics screen, that the immune checkpoint inhibitor programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) is highly upregulated upon induction of senescence in different types of cancer cells. PD-L2 is not required for cells to undergo senescence, but it is critical for senescent cells to evade the immune system and persist intratumorally. Indeed, after chemotherapy, PD-L2-deficient senescent cancer cells are rapidly eliminated and tumors do not produce the senescence-associated chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2. Accordingly, PD-L2-deficient pancreatic tumors fail to recruit myeloid-derived suppressor cells and undergo regression driven by CD8 T cells after chemotherapy. Finally, antibody-mediated blockade of PD-L2 strongly synergizes with chemotherapy causing remission of mammary tumors in mice. The combination of chemotherapy with anti-PD-L2 provides a therapeutic strategy that exploits vulnerabilities arising from therapy-induced senescence.
Prophylactic and long-lasting efficacy of senolytic CAR T cells against age-related metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Amor Corina , Fernández-Maestre Inés , Chowdhury Saria , Ho Yu-Jui , Nadella Sandeep , Graham Courtenay , Carrasco Sebastian E. , Nnuji-John Emmanuella , Feucht Judith , Hinterleitner Clemens , Barthet Valentin J. A. , Boyer Jacob A. , Mezzadra Riccardo , Wereski Matthew G. , Tuveson David A. , Levine Ross L. , Jones Lee W. , Sadelain Michel , Lowe Scott W.
Published: January 2024

Senescent cells, which accumulate in organisms over time, contribute to age-related tissue decline. Genetic ablation of senescent cells can ameliorate various age-related pathologies, including metabolic dysfunction and decreased physical fitness. While small-molecule drugs that eliminate senescent cells (‘senolytics’) partially replicate these phenotypes, they require continuous administration. We have developed a senolytic therapy based on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting the senescence-associated protein urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and we previously showed these can safely eliminate senescent cells in young animals. We now show that uPAR-positive senescent cells accumulate during aging and that they can be safely targeted with senolytic CAR T cells. Treatment with anti-uPAR CAR T cells improves exercise capacity in physiological aging, and it ameliorates metabolic dysfunction (for example, improving glucose tolerance) in aged mice and in mice on a high-fat diet. Importantly, a single administration of these senolytic CAR T cells is sufficient to achieve long-term therapeutic and preventive effects.
Expression of transglutaminase-2 (TGM2) in the prognosis of female invasive breast cancer
Authors: Blows Fiona M. , Ali H. Raza , Cope Wei , Pharoah Paul D. P. , Pike Claire V. S. , Provenzano Elena , Coussons Peter
Published: January 2024

Background

Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) is a protein expressed in several isoforms in both intra- and extra-cellular tissue compartments. It has multiple functions that are important in cancer biology and several small studies have suggested expression of TGM2 in breast cancers is associated with a poorer prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of intra-cellular and extra-cellular TGM2 expression in breast cancer and to determine whether there were any differences by hormone receptor status.

Methods

We carried out TGM2 immunostaining of tissue micro-arrays comprising 2169 tumour cores and scored these for both intra- and extra-cellular and expression.

Results

Intra-cellular (tumour cell) TGM2 positivity was associated with a better prognosis (HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.92) with a larger effect stronger in hormone-receptor-negative cases (HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.37–0.85). Extra-cellular (stromal) TGM2 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis (HR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.06–2.03) with a stronger association in hormone-receptor-positive cases (HR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.09–2.34).

Conclusion

Tissue compartment and hormone receptor status differences in the effect of TGM2 expression on clinical outcomes of breast cancer may reflect the different functions of TGM2.
A fluorescent aptasensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of carcinoembryonic antigen based on upconversion nanoparticles and WS2 nanosheets
Authors: Yuan Yunxia , Di Yi , Chen Yuan , Yu Huichun , Li Ruhuan , Yu Songwei , Li Fang , Li Zhaozhou , Yin Yong
Published: January 2024

A FRET aptasensor for carcinoembryonic antigen was constructed based on upconversion nanoparticles and WS2 nanosheets, and the sensor could be competent for detecting CEA in human serum.
Nitric oxide-scavenging hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for osteoarthritis treatment
Authors: Nah Yunyoung , Sobha Sivasangu , Saravanakumar Gurusamy , Kang Byung-Yoon , Yoon Joo-Byoung , Kim Won Jong
Published: January 2024

This study presents a novel hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanoparticles with dual effects for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment, combining anti-inflammatory effects through nitric oxide (NO) scavenging and lubrication effect provided by HA.
A photoelectrochemical cytosensor based on a Bi2S3–MoS2 heterojunction-modified reduced oxide graphene honeycomb film for sensitive detection of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Guo Yuhong , Guo Binbin , Liu Zhaopeng , Li Jian , Gao Liming , Jiang Hong , Wang Jidong
Published: January 2024

A novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) cytosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) was developed.
Fabrication strategies for high-performance unbiased PEC water splitting cells
Authors: Ding Lingling , Zhang Yaqian , Wang Tao , Li Peng , Chang Kun
Published: January 2024

This review introduces the research status of PEC water splitting. The research progress of tandem PEC is reviewed, and the key issues of device optimization and strategies for improving STH efficiency are discussed in terms of crystallinity, structure matching and charge extraction efficiency.
What happens if we ‘burn all the carbon’? carbon reserves, carbon budgets, and policy options for governments
Authors: Parker Kevin M. A. , Mainelli Michael R.
Published: January 2024

New estimates indicate that current reserves would 'bust' IPCC RCP budgets – yet companies still explore and develop new reserves. Why is this and what can governments do about it?
Isotopes and otolith chemistry provide insight into the biogeochemical history of mercury in southern flounder across a salinity gradient
Authors: Sackett Dana K. , Chrisp Jared K. , Farmer Troy M.
Published: January 2024

Methylmercury (MeHg) continues to pose a significant global health risk to wildlife and humans through fish consumption.
Precisely controlling and predicting nitrogen release rate of urea–formaldehyde nanocomposite fertilizer for efficient nutrient management
Authors: Xiang Yang , Ru Xudong , Liu Yaqing , Miao Rui , Tong Yingfang , Gong Mingshan , Liu Yuhan , Zhao Guizhe
Published: January 2024

“Control plus prediction” concept guides precise preparation and application of UF-based nanocomposite fertilizers.
Key structural factors and intermolecular interactions underlying the formation, functional properties and behaviour in the gastrointestinal tract in vitro of the liposomal form of nutraceuticals coated with whey proteins and chitosan
Authors: Semenova Maria G. , Antipova Anna S. , Martirosova Elena I. , Palmina Nadezhda P. , Zelikina Daria V. , Chebotarev Sergey A. , Bogdanova Natalya G. , Anokhina Maria S. , Kasparov Valery V.
Published: January 2024

The manuscript presents the key structural factors and intermolecular interactions that underlyie the gastrointestinal behaviour of biopolymer-coated liposomal nutraceuticals in vitro.
Solution treatment controls charge-transfer states and energy-level alignment at hybrid CuSCN-organic interfaces
Authors: Li Yingying , Chen Zhewei , Zhou Wenjie , Wang Qi , Zhang Yuan , Song Tao , Sun Baoquan , Duhm Steffen
Published: January 2024

Emissive charge-transfer states at the hybrid organic–inorganic interface of C60 and CuSCN can be controlled by solution treatment.
Two-dimensional g-CNs/GeC heterojunctions: desirable visible-light photocatalysts and optoelectronic devices
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Hang , Zhang Bo , Shao Jingyao , Xu Zhiqiang , Chao Yun , Wang Ling-Ling , Xu Liang
Published: January 2024

2D g-CNs/GeC Z-scheme heterojunctions show excellent HER and OER performance.
Depletion-induced crystallization of anisotropic triblock colloids
Authors: Camerin Fabrizio , Marín-Aguilar Susana , Dijkstra Marjolein
Published: January 2024

The combination of colloidal particle shape with the use of different materials leads to the discovery of unprecedented crystal structures in two and three dimensions.
Inserting auxeticity into graphene oxide via bottom-up strategy
Authors: Sun Cong , Wang Zeyan , Tian Nana , Liao Mingqing , Zhang Conglin , Guan Qingfeng , Guan Jintong , Kan Erjun
Published: January 2024

Carbon-based materials that process a wide bandgap, high mechanical performance, thermal stability and adjustable characteristics are in high demand.
Multifunctional two-dimensional perovskite based solar cells for photodetectors and resistive switching
Authors: Dai Qing , Luo Zhenwang , Ma Guohua , Miao Yuchen , Wang Xu , Zhao Zhenfu , Zhao Feiyu , Zheng Fei , Zhu Liqiang , Hu Ziyang
Published: January 2024

This investigation showcases the realization of multifunctional two-dimensional perovskite solar cells, incorporating transient light detection and resistive switching functions within a single device, achievable by facile external bias adjustments.
Clicking beyond suspensions: understanding thiol–ene chemistry on solid-supported MoS2
Authors: Rodríguez González Miriam C. , Ibarburu Iván M. , Rebanal Clara , Sulleiro Manuel Vázquez , Sasikumar Rahul , Naranjo Alicia , Ayani Cosme G. , Garnica Manuela , Calleja Fabián , Pérez Emilio M. , Vázquez de Parga Amadeo L. , De Feyter Steven
Published: January 2024

The on-surface reaction of maleimides, which was previously reported to be effective on MoS2 suspensions, is now revealed at the molecular level on bulk and molecular beam epitaxy-grown single-layer MoS2.
Recent progress in biosensor regeneration techniques
Authors: Jia Yizhen , Chen Shulin , Wang Qi , Li Jinghua
Published: January 2024

Biosensors are widely applied in biomarker detection. Their widespread use necessitates regeneration methods to ensure cost-effectiveness and sustainability. This mini-review systematically summarizes recently reported regeneration techniques.
Effect of solvent quality and sidechain architecture on conjugated polymer chain conformation in solution
Authors: Ma Guorong , Li Zhaofan , Fang Lei , Xia Wenjie , Gu Xiaodan
Published: January 2024

The solubilization of conjugated polymers can be carefully quantified using static light scattering. Our findings reveal that the architecture of sidechains and backbones significantly influences polymer's conformation and aggregation.
A comprehensive review on singlet oxygen generation in nanomaterials and conjugated polymers for photodynamic therapy in the treatment of cancer
Authors: Singh Neetika , Sen Gupta Ria , Bose Suryasarathi
Published: January 2024

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): A minimally invasive treatment for a range of benign disorders and malignancies.
Biomass-derived lightweight SiC aerogels for superior thermal insulation
Authors: Zheng Chunxue , Li Xinyang , Yu Jie , Huang Zhulin , Li Ming , Hu Xiaoye , Li Yue
Published: January 2024

Universal biomass-derived 3D SiC nanowire aerogels were prepared boasting remarkably low thermal conductivity.
Cu9S5-nanowire-pinned-WS2 sheets on hollow cubic carbon for synergistic promotion in K-ion battery performance
Authors: Huang Qingqing , Cao Liyun , Wang Yuhang , Li Jiayin , Wang Yiting , Wei Shiyin , Bai Shuzhuo , Kajiyoshi Koji , Liu Yijun , Li Zhenjiang , Huang Jianfeng
Published: January 2024

Cu9S5-nanowire-pinned-WS2 sheets on a hollow cubic carbon multi-level composite structure exhibits a high capacity (406 mA h g−1 after 150 cycles at 200 mA g−1) and excellent rate performance (246 mA h g−1 at 20 A g−1) as an anode material of PIBs.
Cooperative catalysis of carbenes and Lewis acids for the highly enantioselective synthesis of dihydroquinolones via in situ generation of aza-ortho-quinone methide and enolate intermediates
Authors: Li Zhiying , Wu Zhenhong , Gong Huan , Xu Xinyi , Xu Jianfeng , Chen Xingkuan
Published: January 2024

An efficient protocol for the highly enantioselective synthesis of dihydroquinolones was developed via NHC-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation between in situ generated aza-ortho-quinone methide and enolate intermediates.
Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling of heteroaryl sulfones and diselenides via deheteroaromatization and heteroaromatization: synthesis of heteroaryl selenides
Authors: Liu Xin-Yu , Dou Yu-Xin , Hasan Muhammad , Rao Weidong , Shen Daopeng , Shen Shusu , Wang Shun-Yi
Published: January 2024

A Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of heteroaryl sulfone compounds and diselenides to generate heteroaryl selenides is developed. This method features not only mild reaction conditions but also excellent functional group compatibility.
New insights on the optical properties and upconversion fluorescence of Er-doped CoAl2O4 nanocrystals
Authors: Kien N. T. , Lam V. D. , Duong P. V. , Hien N. T. , Luyen N. T. , Do P. V. , Binh N. T. , Ca N. X.
Published: January 2024

Er-doped CoAl2O4 NCs were synthesized via co-precipitation; all were crystallized in the form of a single phase with a spinel structure and Er3+ ions replaced Al3+ ions in the formation of the CoAl2−xErxO4 alloy structure.
Twisting two-dimensional iron sulfide layers into coincident site superlattices via intercalation chemistry
Authors: Balisetty Lahari , Wilfong Brandon , Zhou Xiuquan , Zheng Huafei , Liou Sz-Chian , Rodriguez Efrain E.
Published: January 2024

TEM Electron diffraction analysis of twisted coincident site superstructures in intercalated tetragonal iron sulfide.
Spin polarized electron dynamics enhance water splitting efficiency by yttrium iron garnet photoanodes: a new platform for spin selective photocatalysis
Authors: Gajapathy Harshad , Bandaranayake Savini , Hruska Emily , Vadakkayil Aravind , Bloom Brian P. , Londo Stephen , McClellan Jackson , Guo Jason , Russell Daniel , de Groot Frank M. F. , Yang Fengyuan , Waldeck David H. , Schultze Martin , Baker L. Robert
Published: January 2024

Photo-electrocatalytic water splitting from yttrium iron garnet yields an enhanced O2 evolution efficiency compared to hematite due to spin polarized hole accumulation observed by XUV absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy.
Iron(iv) alkyl complexes: electronic structure contributions to Fe–C bond homolysis and migration reactions that form N–C bonds from N2
Authors: Bhutto Samuel M. , Hooper Reagan X. , McWilliams Sean F. , Mercado Brandon Q. , Holland Patrick L.
Published: January 2024

Silylation of iron-alkyl-dinitrogen complexes gives high-spin iron(iv) products that also have an iron(ii) resonance structure. The stability and reactivity of these compounds depends on the alkyl group, with insertion and homolysis observed.
Rapid, high-capacity adsorption of iodine from aqueous environments with amide functionalized covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Arora Niyati , Debnath Tanay , Senarathna Milinda C. , Johnson Rebecca M. , Roske Isabella G. , Cisneros G. Andrés , Smaldone Ronald A.
Published: January 2024

Water pollution from iodine is dangerous to human health because of its long-lived radioisotopes. We show that covalent organic frameworks containing amide groups (COFamides) can quickly remove iodine from water with large adsorption capacities.
Castor-oil biobased foam: the effect of the composition on the physical and mechanical properties via a statistical mixture design
Authors: Soares Luiza Fernandes , César dos Santos Júlio , Araújo de Freitas Victor Augusto , Dutra Pereira Robson Bruno , Panzera Tulio Hallak , Scarpa Fabrizio
Published: January 2024

Optical microscope image of castor oil biobased foam.
Biomass composting with gaseous carbon dioxide capture
Authors: Woods Ethan , Berrio Vanessa Rondon , Qiu Yaojing , Berlin Perry , Clauser Nicolas , Sagues William Joe
Published: January 2024

Composting of biomass with the capture of gaseous carbon dioxide has the potential to mitigate climate change via the removal of carbon from the atmosphere while also enhancing the circularity of industrial biosystems.
Improved lithium-ion battery cathode rate performance via carbon black functionalization
Authors: Park Donghyuck , Sherrell Peter C. , Xie Fangxi , Ellis Amanda V.
Published: January 2024

Chemical modification of carbon black (CB) is proposed to improve rate performance of lithium-ion battery cathode. The study demonstrates the role of oxygen groups at the interface (cathode–CB–electrolyte) originating from chemical interactions.
Redox-driven confinement of quinone with imidazole in sub-nanometer sized porous carbon space mitigating chemical degradation for aqueous energy storage
Authors: Yang Jeehae , Park Anseong , Kwon Taesung , Lee Yongkyu , Lee Won Bo , Nam Ki Min , Kim YongJoo , Chang Jinho
Published: January 2024

Hydro- and benzoquinone can be (electro)chemically confined with imidazole in subnanometer-sized carbon pore regimes, and their chemical degradation induced by nucleophilic attacks was significantly mitigated.
Polyphenolic oligomer-derived multienzyme activity for the treatment of ischemic Stroke through ROS scavenging and blood–brain barrier restoration
Authors: Meng Wei , Ma Zhifang , Ye Hongbo , Liu Lei , Han Qiaoyi , Shi Qiang
Published: January 2024

The synthesized nanoparticles inherited the bioactivity of polyphenols and effectively penetrated and repaired the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The polyphonic-domain was invoked not only as the scaffold but also as the actively therapeutic ingredient.
Sulfonyl-functionalized benzo[d]imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-based carbenes as building blocks for two-coordinate Cu(i) complexes exhibiting fast and efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence
Authors: Ruduss Armands , Jece Annija , Stucere Kitija A. , Chen Kuan-Wei , Turovska Baiba , Belyakov Sergey , Vembris Aivars , Chang Chih-Hao , Traskovskis Kaspars
Published: January 2024

A peripherally-placed strong electron-accepting sulphonyl group reduces the HOMO–LUMO overlap in carbene–metal–amide TADF emitters.
Advanced HIL strategies in QLEDs: V2O5 and PEDOT:PSS dual-layer for charge balance and electron leakage prevention
Authors: Bin Cho Han , Kim Ha Jun , Viswanath Noolu Srinivasa Manikanta , Samanta Tuhin , Min Jeong Wan , Jang Sung Woo , Park Yong Min , Jang Se Hyuk , Yang Heesun , Im Won Bin
Published: January 2024

Control of crystallinity and electrical properties in V2O5 prevents electron leakage and minimizes electron trapping, ensuring efficient hole injection and long-term device stability.
S, P modified CoFe-LDH derived CoFeS and CoFeP-400 catalysts efficiently catalyze the oxidation of HMF to FDCA
Authors: Gao De , Fang Fengyan , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Han Feng , Li Yan
Published: January 2024

In this study, cobalt–iron hydrotalcite-based catalysts doped with sulfur or phosphorus were developed for the selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA).
Two-dimensional materials as catalysts, interfaces, and electrodes for an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Cho Yun Seong , Kang Joohoon
Published: January 2024

Two-dimensional materials with various electronic properties were utilized as electrodes, interlayers, and catalysts in catalytic electrodes for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Cycloparaphenylene-based [2]catenanes: interlocking the carbon nanohoops
Authors: Xu Wei-Tao , Wang Wei
Published: January 2024

In this highlight, recent advances in the design and synthesis of novel cycloparaphenylene (CPP)-based [2]catenanes are presented, with an emphasis on the design strategy and further investigations on their attractive properties.
Knowledge and Perspectives of Developmental Language Disorders: The Pilot Development of a Survey of Professionals Working in Law Enforcement
Authors: Benes Clare , Lund Emily
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to pilot test a survey of professionals within the justice system about their knowledge and perceptions of developmental language disorders (DLDs) and to gather initial data supporting their knowledge and perceptions.

Method:

One hundred thirty-six adults in Texas with law enforcement jobs, primarily police officers, participated in this study. Participants completed a survey consisting of 78 questions about their background, experiences with DLD, and beliefs about communication. Additionally, 42 adults who did not work in law enforcement completed the survey twice to establish the initial measures of survey reliability.

Results:

This survey demonstrated sufficient test–retest reliability with adults not in law enforcement, and results indicated the emergence of two subscales within the survey. Law enforcement professionals appeared to have limited knowledge of DLD, and many linked language-related behaviors with credibility. A majority did agree with giving accommodations to individuals who struggle with language and reported interest in receiving training to recognize and accommodate DLD.

Conclusions:

This pilot study demonstrates a need for collaboration between speech-language pathologists and law enforcement professionals and provides data for a survey that could be used across professional groups in the justice system to measure knowledge and perspectives of DLDs. This work represents an initial step in an iterative process of survey development for law enforcement professionals.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25033718
Folding at home: Artificial intelligence and crypto symbiosis for the science
Authors: Tuma Ivan , Lansiaux Edouard
Published: January 2024

Folding at Home community gathers pecuniary crypto interest to an altruist cause (medical drugs research participation). There are many possibilities of ‘teams’ for folding, some of which allow compensation in cryptomonies. The authors will therefore study the three major communities in order to compare them, in a cost‐benefit study logic. A cost‐benefit analysis was performed between CURECOIN, BANANO, DOGECOIN folding, DOGECOIN mining and their communities on social platforms based on several outcomes: ‘Points Per Day (PPD)’, ‘Whattomine Mh/s Equivalent’, ‘Graphics Processing Units (GPU) Thermal Design Power/Typical Board Power Watts’, ‘Coins per 1,000,000 PPD’, ‘Coins per Day’, ‘Cost Per Coin’, ‘Cost Per Day’, ‘kWh Used Per Day’. Actually, BANANO, thanks to a large community and bots, has the highest PPD production and the lowest energetic cost on Central Processing Unit per week. On GPUs, DOGECOIN folding has the lowest weekly cost. However, the DOGECOIN community cannot produce as many PPD as the Banano team. CURECOIN offers a good compromise between the environmental point of view and the profitability one. To ensure fairness, the choice of the crypto and the way to earn it that has to be solved should be a pure public good, that is, perfectly non‐rival in consumption and non‐excludable. Indeed, the primary goal of those three communities is to allow scientific progress (thanks to Folding at Home) before allowing a return on investment.
YOLOv7‐RepFPN: Improving real‐time performance of laparoscopic tool detection on embedded systems
Authors: Liu Yuzhang , Hayashi Yuichiro , Oda Masahiro , Kitasaka Takayuki , Mori Kensaku
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on enhancing the inference speed of laparoscopic tool detection on embedded devices. Laparoscopy, a minimally invasive surgery technique, markedly reduces patient recovery times and postoperative complications. Real‐time laparoscopic tool detection helps assisting laparoscopy by providing information for surgical navigation, and its implementation on embedded devices is gaining interest due to the portability, network independence and scalability of the devices. However, embedded devices often face computation resource limitations, potentially hindering inference speed. To mitigate this concern, the work introduces a two‐fold modification to the YOLOv7 model: the feature channels and integrate RepBlock is halved, yielding the YOLOv7‐RepFPN model. This configuration leads to a significant reduction in computational complexity. Additionally, the focal EIoU (efficient intersection of union) loss function is employed for bounding box regression. Experimental results on an embedded device demonstrate that for frame‐by‐frame laparoscopic tool detection, the proposed YOLOv7‐RepFPN achieved an mAP of 88.2% (with IoU set to 0.5) on a custom dataset based on EndoVis17, and an inference speed of 62.9 FPS. Contrasting with the original YOLOv7, which garnered an 89.3% mAP and 41.8 FPS under identical conditions, the methodology enhances the speed by 21.1 FPS while maintaining detection accuracy. This emphasizes the effectiveness of the work.
Visualization and analysis of multi-channel dynamic range compression in hearing aids
Authors: Jürgensen Lukas , Denk Florian , Husstedt Hendrik
Published: January 2024

One main functionality of hearing aids is restoring audibility. This means that low sound pressure levels are amplified above the elevated hearing threshold, and higher sound pressure levels do not exceed the individual uncomfortable loudness level (UCL). To this end, hearing aids provide frequency-dependent dynamic range compression which is denoted as hearing aid channels (HACs) in the recently published standard IEC 60118-16. As an increasing number of HACs, among other features, is one main feature to differentiate between price or technology levels, IEC 60118-16 includes a measurement procedure to verify the number of HACs. In this work, we verify this test procedure with a research hearing aid (RHA), and evaluate six commercial hearing aids of three different manufacturers and two technology levels. These results demonstrate the possibilities and limitations of the new test procedure. Furthermore, we introduced an extension of this test procedure with a channel-specific compression setting to overcome limitations and to get a deeper insight into the functionality of HACs in hearing aids. These results show that many HACs of commercial devices are coupled to neighboring frequencies, and that different strategies are used across manufacturers to adapt the number of HACs for different technology levels.
Sustainable Societal Transformation: Shaping Renewable Energy Technologies in Transport
Authors: Kunskaja Svetlana , Budzyński Artur
Published: January 2024

Traditional transportation systems are increasingly scrutinized for their environmental footprint, driving the need for sustainable alternatives. Recent developments in renewable energy technologies have paved the way for Electric Vehicles, Hydrogen Fuel Cells, Biofuels, Solar-Powered Vehicles, and Hybrid Systems, all of which offer environmentally-friendly solutions. However, the successful integration of these technologies into existing transport systems presents challenges such as infrastructure development, policymaking, public perception, and societal acceptance. Sustainable transportation encompasses more than technology and economics. It addresses societal inclusivity, environmental conservation, and long-term viability. Social equality ensures equitable access to transport, economic considerations highlight short-term costs and long-term benefits, and health and well-being are affected by sustainable transportation patterns. Community engagement, though challenging, is essential to craft locally tailored solutions and foster a collective sense of ownership. These facets form the foundation for a greener, healthier, and more inclusive transport system. The global shift towards renewable transport technologies is multifaceted, integrating political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal dimensions. Using the PESTEL method, the complex transition towards renewable transport technologies can be understood, especially in contexts like Ukraine. Given its unique socio-political landscape, Ukraine's move towards sustainable transport is influenced by multiple factors, including international climate agreements, economic restructuring, public perception, and technological advancements. Ukraine's transport sector, heavily reliant on fossil fuels, has the potential to transform using its abundant renewable resources. Tapping into these resources can offer numerous benefits, though technological and infrastructural challenges persist. Strategic investments and embracing renewable technologies are key for Ukraine to build a sustainable transport and societal framework.
Evaluation of Porcine Collagen Membranes Used with Guided Bone Regeneration for Critical Defects: A Histological, Histomorphometric, Immunohistochemical, and Inflammatory Profile Analysis
Authors: Ramos Edith Umasi , Leandro Miguel Nino Chávez , Criales Jesús Omar Cárdenas , Buitron Marisol Rossana Ortega , Verástegui Edgar Simón , Carbajal Wilbert Manzanedo , Adrianzén Ronald Christian Solís , Grijalva Anibal Eleuterio Espinoza , Baylon Antonio Alberto Ballarte , Bassi Ana Paula Farnezi
Published: January 2024

Objective The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two porcine collagen membranes of different origin used for guided bone regeneration procedures.

Materials and Methods Resorbable collagen membrane from porcine dermis (Bio-Gide, Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) and resorbable collagen membrane from porcine pericardium (Jason, Institut Straumann AG, Peter Merian-Weg, Switzerland) were evaluated; histological, histometric, immunohistochemical, and inflammatory profile analyses were performed. The study was carried out on critical defects created in the calvaria of 72 rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar variety) divided into three groups: coagulum group (Co), porcine pericardium group (JS), and porcine collagen group (BG). The defects were filled with clot, over which the membranes were placed. The animals were euthanized 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after surgery.

Statistical Analysis The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess data distribution. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni multiple comparison test were used to compare the differences across the mean values of the variables. Nonparametric tests, Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon W, were used for the quantitative analysis of the inflammatory profile. A significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) was adopted with a confidence interval of 95%. SPSS software version 2.0 was used.

Results A total of 1,008 analyses were performed on 288 histological slides. It was noted that both types of collagen membranes used in this study were effective for the guided bone regeneration procedure, with a greater proportion and thickness of bone formation among recipients of the BG (735 points, p = 0.021). This membrane also had greater permeability (62.25). The animals in the JS group, which received the porcine pericardial membrane, showed early and accelerated bone formation from early bone tissue, milder osteopontin and osteocalcin levels, and greater inflammatory reaction (86.4).

Conclusion The collagen membrane from porcine dermis demonstrated a more orderly and physiological repair process, while the porcine pericardial membrane presented a more accelerated repair process that did not remain constant over time.
Free Communications of the Seventh Annual Al Ain Research Day, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, June 9, 2023
Authors: Nair Satish C. , Al-Neyadi Asma M. , Al-Mazrouei Raya A.M. , Jamil Gohar A.M. , Al-Qawasmeh Khaled H.A. , Al-Kuwaiti Abdulla H. , Al-Baghdadi Omaema O. , Alawadhi Aydah M.S. , Al-Alanqar Abdulrahman , Alkendi Fatima R. , Chabban Ahmed , Al Dahmani Khaled Mohammed
Published: January 2024

These are the free communications of the Seventh Annual Al Ain Research Day, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, on June 9, 2023. Oral and poster communications are listed separately. The abstracts came from various medical specialties, including internal medicine, endocrinology, cardiology, nursing, neurology, nephrology, obstetrics and gynecology, oncology, and general medicine.
Intralesional Triamcinolone Diacetate In the Treatment of Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars—Use of the Dermo-Jet
Authors: Theogaraj Sam D. , Mani Mani M.
Published: January 2024

1. The history of steroids in the treatment of keloid is reviewed.

2. The Dermo-Jet has been described and the advantages in its use, in the treatment of these lesions, is stressed.

3. An analysis of 70 lesions treated with Triamcinolone has revealed that 80% bave obtained relief of symptoms and 759%, regression.

4. The recurrence rate has been found to be somewhere in between those quoted for the Caucasian and Negro patients.
Manifestation and Management of Cancrum Oris
Authors: Mani Mani M. , Theogaraj Sam D.
Published: January 2024

Fifty cases of cancrum oris seen during the past nine years are presented. Exan-thematous fevers—measles, chicken-pox and small-pox occur as the predisposing illness in 48%, of this series.

The disease is of acute onset and the gangrene demarcates rapidly.

The pattern of tissue necrosis is in the shape of a cone.
Plastic Surgery In Kangra (A leaf from the history of Plastic Surgery in India)
Authors: Almast S. C.
Published: January 2024

Plastic surgical operations for cut and deformed noses and torn ears had been practised at Kangra for over 500 years by a family of nose-surgeons locally called Kanghairas. Hakim Dina Nath is the last surviving descendant of the faimily who himself performed these operations till 1937. This paper is a report of the “on the spot” inquiry conducted by the author to verify the facts for himself.
Transposition of Penis and Scrotum: Review and a Case Report
Authors: Sinha R. N. , Reddy Anji K.
Published: January 2024

One case of retroposition of the penis and scrotum associated with penile hypopspadias and partially bifid scrotum is presented (Fig. 2—4). The literature regarding the previous reported cases and the surgical correction is reviewed, along with an account of the embryology of the external genitalia.
New Approach to Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Rai S. , Saronwala K. C. , Mittal S. N.
Published: January 2024

35 cases of ventral hernias of varying sizes have been presented. The hernial sac was opened and excised inall. The repair was done by invaginating layers of monofilament nylon thread. This technique has shown gratifying results. There had been no incidence of recurrence of hernia nor of operative mortality and it seems to be applicable even to large ventral hernias.
Congenital Median Cleft Lower Lip, Mandibe and Tongue
Authors: Sharma L. K.
Published: January 2024

A rare case of median cleft of the lower lip, mandible and tongue has been presented. This literature on the subject has been reviewed.
Dairy farmers’ levels of awareness of antibiotic use in livestock farming in Pakistan
Authors: Farhan Muhammad , Awan Namra , Kanwal Amina , Sharif Faiza , Hayyat Muhammad Umar , Shahzad Laila , Ghafoor Gul Zareen
Published: January 2024

Antimicrobial resistance due to the irrational and non-sustainable use of antimicrobials poses a serious threat to animal health, human health and urban food security. This study aimed to access the knowledge and perceptions of dairy farmers regarding antimicrobial use and misuse in Lahore, Pakistan. This is the first study regarding antibiotic misuse in Lahore, Pakistan. A random sample of 270 dairy farmers from urban and suburban areas of Lahore participated in an interview-based survey conducted in 2019–20. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 16. About 22% of farmers do not consult a veterinarian, 32.9% do not follow correct dosage instructions and 39% discontinue treatment once the disease signs subside. Moreover, 40% of farmers were unaware of the dangers of misusing antibiotics and admitted to saving leftover antibiotics for future use. Alarmingly, over 20.7% of respondents share antibiotics with friends/farmers and 43% sought advice from non-veterinarian sources. Furthermore, 90% of farmers perceived self-medication as more economical than consulting a veterinarian. Dairy farmers have a wrong perception of antibiotic efficacy, use, expertise of veterinarians and cost of antibiotics. The absence of a food policy and lack of antibiotic use guidance is a serious gap in Pakistan. Antibiotic dispensing laws need to be developed and strictly implemented. Awareness campaigns need to be launched so that farmers get knowledge regarding the uses, overuse and misuse of antibiotics. A holistic approach is essential to address the potential food security crisis caused by non-sustainable farming practices. Policymakers must take action to bridge the gap in the Pakistani food supply chain and promote the sustainable use of antimicrobials/antibiotics.