bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STEM IN INDONESIAN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
Authors: Nopriyanti Tika Dwi , Zulkardi  , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Aisyah Nyimas
Published: April 2024

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) is one approach that can be used in learning mathematics. Articles resulting from research using a STEM approach have been published in journals in Indonesia, with mathematics being one of the sciences that is the main component of STEM. However, there are still a few who categorize STEM articles as sources of information for future researchers. Therefore, this research aims to conduct STEM research using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The SLR method begins by identifying, analyzing, evaluating, and categorizing STEM articles obtained from 2020-2024 with topics related to the STEM approach. Research data was taken from 22 articles that had been published in 12 journals, consisting of two journals indexed by Sinta1, seven journals indexed by Sinta 2, and three journals indexed by Sinta 3. The results of this research showed that of the 22 articles identified in this research consisting of STEM articles, development of STEM teaching materials, STEM learning design with thinking abilities measured, namely critical, creative, problem solving, and pedagogical thinking abilities
UNLOCKING NVDA: TEACHERS’ VIEWS ON ENHANCING LISTENING SKILLS FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENTS
Authors: Achmad Diana , YS Syamsul Bahri , Saidinas Muhammad
Published: April 2024

This study aims to investigate the teachers’ perceptions towards the implementation of Non-Visual Desktop Access (NVDA) in enhancing English listening skills among visually impaired students at SLB Negeri Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Visually impaired students often face unique challenges in language acquisition due to limited access to visual cues. This research seeks to address this critical issue by examining the implementation of NVDA as an assistive technology to facilitate English language learning done by teachers. The research employed a qualitative method and used semi structure interview as the instrument. Three teachers at this school were chosen as the respondents. The results show that the teachers used this tool because it has benefits. This can motivate students to learn English better, especially listening skills. NVDA is believed to be able to increase the students’ ability in mastering English, beside this tool is also free and easy to operate. The findings are expected to inform educational policies and practices to better support the language development of visually impaired individuals and, in turn, promote inclusivity and accessibility in the educational system.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ETHNOMATHEMATICS IN EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Nst Muhammad Iqbal , Batubara Nanda Khairani
Published: April 2024

Culture-based mathematics learning is one way to make mathematics learning meaningful and contextual which is closely related to society's culture. Ethnomathematics is his field of study. The goal of this field is to reveal the structure of analysis. Ethnomathematics can also be considered a course that teaches students how to understand, express, think about, and ultimately apply mathematical ideas, concepts, and procedures to situations related to their daily lives. For educators who develop an ethnomathematics-based educational approach, it is important to consider the problem concepts discussed above that can be found and developed in ethnomathematics-based problems. Ethnomathematics is an important approach to apply in learning. In various studies, it was found that ethnomathematics can increase positive feelings and increase students' motivation levels. achievement and retention of students.
ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ У СФЕРІ ОБОРОННОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ В УМОВАХ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ
Authors: Клочко Анатолій Олександрович , Семенець-Орлова Інна Андріївна
Published: April 2024

Анотація. В умовах реформування оборонно-промислового комплексу країни одним з ключових питань є визначення ефективних інструментів реалізації державної політики, які б враховували сучасні виклики та особливості функціонування оборонної промисловості. Мета роботи полягає в аналізі існуючих підходів до формування державної політики у сфері оборонної промисловості в умовах реформування та обґрунтування шляхів їх упровадження. Теоретичною базою дослідження були праці вітчизняних і зарубіжних учених, наукові дослідження щодо структури та розвитку оборонно-промислового комплексу України в нових умовах. Підкреслено, що потенціал вітчизняного оборонно-промислового комплексу за деякими позиціями не може повністю задовольнити потреби сил безпеки і оборони України, зокрема через те, що бракує конструкторських розробок та серійного виробництва. З метою розвитку української оборонної промисловості та збільшення її експортного потенціалу необхідно визначити пріоритети розвитку оборонно-промислового комплексу України з урахуванням загроз і можливостей, що виникають в умовах дії воєнного стану. Здійснення реформування оборонно-промислового комплексу позитивно впливатиме на реалізацію національних інтересів України у зовнішньополітичній, економічній, військовій, науково-технологічній сферах та сприятиме забезпеченню сил безпеки і оборони України озброєння, військової і спеціальної техніки. Визначено, що необхідно розробити ефективну систему управління як для оборонної промисловості в цілому, так і для кожного окремого підприємства та відомства, оскільки за відсутності дієвих механізмів управління, за відсутності чітко формалізованих цілей і завдань неможливо забезпечити ефективне реформування оборонної промисловості і, тим більше, підвищити її конкурентоспроможність на світовому рівні. Трансформація підходів та механізмів управління має будуватися з урахуванням впливу підприємств на навколишнє середовище, що неминуче потребує зміни пріоритетів економічного розвитку і розбудови управління економічних систем на принципах сталого розвитку, які передбачають урахування економічних, соціальних і екологічних складових системи управління на всіх рівнях.
PENERAPAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA SEBAGAI PERAN PENCEGAHAN KECELAKAAN KERJA DI PT KONSUIL PERDANA INDONESIA AREA LUBUKLINGGAU
Authors: Effendi Muhamad , Surya Putri
Published: April 2024

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah dalam penerapan SMK3 masih kurangnya kesadaran tenaga teknik tentang penggunaan alat pelindung diri dan tergolong Ketercapaian sama-sama cukup baik dan diperlukan peningkatan lagi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif penelitian menganalisis data dari hasil pengamatan langsung di PT Konsuil Perdana Indonesia Area Lubulinggau, hasil wawancara dengan kepala teknik dan para stafnya,  dan evaluasi dari studi kepustakaan teori dan pendapat para ahli sebagai data pendukung. Penerapan SMK3 telah direncanakan dan diterapkan dengan cukup baik di PT Konsui Perdana Indonesia Area Lubuklinggau. Dan dari perbandingan hasil penelitian yang sesuai dengan peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja No 05/MEN/1996  lebih tinggi yaitu 60% dengan kiteria cukup baik. Sedangkan menurut indikator keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja yaitu 52% dengan kiteria cukup baik. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah dalam penerapan SMK3 yang menggunakan penerapan Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja Nomor: PER.05/MEN/1996 dan indikator K3 Penerapan SMK3 memberi pengaruh yang cukup baik bagi PT Konsuil Perdana Indonesia Area Lubuklinggau, dilihat dari jumlah tenaga teknik yang mengalami kecelakaan dan penyakit kerja masih tergolong rendah dan tidak mempengaruhi pelaksanaan pekerjaan.
Лобода Ю. Г. Вебтехнології та вебдизайн: навчально-методичний посібник для здобувачів вищої освіти галузі знань 12 «Інформаційні технології» [Електронне видання]
Authors:   Національний університет «Одеська юридична академія», Лобода Ю. Г. , Толокнов А. А.
Published: April 2024

Навчально-методичний посібник містить завдання до лабораторних і самостійних робіт, теоретичні відомості з детальним описом матеріалу та контрольні запитання. Призначений для здобувачів вищої освіти галузі знань 12 «Інформаційні технології» з метою закріплення лекційного матеріалу і підготовки до лабораторних і самостійних занять з дисципліни «Вебтехнології та вебдизайн».
Охорона праці та безпека життєдіяльності : метод. вказівки до виконання практ. і самост. робіт для підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти галузі знань 12 «Інформаційні технології» [Електронне видання]
Authors:   Національний університет «Одеська юридична академія», Логінова Н. І. , Лобода Ю. Г. , Дика А. І. , Серебро М. В.
Published: April 2024

Методичні вказівки призначені для здобувачів вищої освіти галузі знань 12 «Інформаційні технології» з метою закріплення лекційного матеріалу та підготовки до практичних занять з дисципліни «Охорона праці та безпека життєдіяльності». Містять завдання до практичних занять та самостійної роботи.
Барсукова Т. О. Волейбол в системі фізичного виховання здобувачів вищої осві­ти : навч. посіб.
Authors:   Національний університет «Одеська юридична академія», Барсукова Тетяна Олександрівна , Антипова Жанна Ігорівна , Кучеренко Геннадій Васильович
Published: April 2024

Дисципліна «Фізичне виховання» у вищому навчальному закладі виступає мірою комплексного впливу на особистість майбутнього фахівця. Вирішуючи питання збереження здоров’я і підвищення активності здобувачів вищої освіти у період навчання, ми розглядаємо волейбол як ефективний засіб їх фізичного розвитку. Доведено, що використання спеціальних вправ, спрямованих на роз­виток фізичних якостей, технічних і тактичних прийомів, підвищує інтерес до волейболу, сприяє підвищенню спортивної майстерності тих, хто займається. У навчальному посібнику значна увага приділяється опису техніки ви­конання основних елементів, показані методика і засоби для успішного опа­новування гри. Посібник адресовано здобувачам, які цікавляться і займаються волейболом, а також викладачам фізичного виховання закладів вищої освіти. Здобувачам робота може надати практичну допомогу в організації самостійних занять, розширити їх теоретичні та практичні знання.
Conducta alimentaria: Algo más que comer y beber
Authors:   Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones en Conocimiento y Aprendizaje Humano, Universidad Veracruzana, Ribes-Iñesta Emilio
Published: April 2024

Se reflexiona sobre los tres grandes cambios que han ocurrido en la historia de la humanidad en los patrones de la conducta alimentaria, relacionados con la selección, la preparación y el consumo. Se examina cómo recuperar el círculo virtuoso entre estos momentos de la práctica alimentaria, distorsionados por el sistema-mundo capitalista.
Los alimentos que nos hicieron humanos
Authors:   Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, España, Palma-Morales Marta , Mateos Ana ,   Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), España, Rodríguez Jesús ,   Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), España, Bernal-Gómez Samantha J. ,   Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición (IICAN), Universidad de Guadalajara, México, Casuso Rafael ,   Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, España, Huertas Jesús R. ,   Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, España
Published: April 2024

Actualmente se utilizan numerosas estrategias dietéticas para la prevención de enfermedades metabólicas y la pérdida de peso. Algunas de las estrategias utilizadas no tienen base fisiológica-nutricional apropiada y no tienen en cuenta los cambios genéticos que han ocurrido de forma reciente, por lo que en ciertos casos pueden resultar perjudiciales para la salud humana. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar las mutaciones genéticas ocurridas durante la evolución humana desde los primeros homínidos hasta el Homo sapiens y explicar cómo han influido en la forma de alimentarnos; algunas mutaciones favorecieron el desarrollo cerebral y otras están relacionadas con la digestión de algunos nutrientes como la lactosa y el almidón. También se explica la influencia de la domesticación de los alimentos y de la práctica de la cocina en la alimentación humana. Además, se pretenden justificar las recomendaciones actuales sobre la distribución calórica de macronutrientes a partir de la importante influencia de los cambios genéticos y las adaptaciones acontecidas en nuestra especie.
Efectos del hacinamiento y post hacinamiento sobre la conducta alimentaria, un estudio experimental
Authors:   Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rodríguez-Hernández Greissy , López-Espinoza Antonio ,   Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Universidad de Guadalajara, Aguilera Cervantes Virginia Gabriela ,   Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Universidad de Guadalajara, Reyes Castillo Zyanya ,   Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Universidad de Guadalajara, Housni Fatima Ezzahra ,   Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Universidad de Guadalajara, Chávez-Orozco Jazmín Guadalupe ,   Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Universidad de Guadalajara, Arteaga-Flores Carlos Emiliano ,   Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Universidad de Guadalajara
Published: April 2024

El hacinamiento y la distribución habitacional es un problema importante en la actualidad con efectos negativos en la salud física y psicológica de los individuos. La conducta alimentaria es fundamental para la supervivencia y determinante para el estado de salud o enfermedad de un individuo, resulta necesario realizar estudios para dilucidar los cambios alimentarios que puedan generarse al someter a los individuos a una condición de hacinamiento y los efectos posteriores a esta condición. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el efecto del hacinamiento y post hacinamiento sobre la ingesta de alimento y peso corporal en ratas. Los sujetos tuvieron acceso a alimento y agua durante todo el experimento, se registró su consumo y el peso corporal diariamente. En las fases 2 y 4 los sujetos fueron habitados en hacinamiento, durante las fases 1, 3 y 5 se alojaron en una condición sin hacinamiento. Los resultados mostraron que el hacinamiento generó la disminución del consumo de alimento en la primera exposición fue de 2.9g y en la segunda exposición de 4.43g y un aumento del consumo de agua en la primera exposición de 6.4 ml. El peso corporal de los sujetos disminuyó durante las fases de hacinamiento, sin embargo, se recuperó progresivamente en condiciones sin hacinamiento.
Constitución Nómada. Experiencia documental de una institución extraterritorial
Authors: Wojcik Kasia
Published: April 2024

El presente trabajo ofrece una visión reflexiva del proyecto “Constitución Nómada”, un documental multidisciplinar y performativo sobre participación política, derechos humanos y ciudadanía en el contexto migratorio. Mediante la habilitación de asambleas políticas simbólicas en contextos fronterizos, sostengo que el discurso de este proyecto proporciona una exploración innovadora sobre los potenciales que tienen los procesos simbólicos de creación y apropiación institucional para la reflexión normativa sobre mundos posibles. Además, el trabajo ofrece una descripción de las dimensiones teóricas y metodológicas desarrolladas durante la realización del proyecto a fin de brindar un registro para futuras investigaciones en este campo.
Mind Mapping on Junior High School Performance in Chemistry
Authors: Geolin Lamberto Jr.
Published: April 2024

The study assessed the status of mind mapping as a strategy in teaching Grade 7 Chemistry at Zapatera National High School, Sikatuna St., Brgy. Zapatera, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines. Each group were given two different treatments – the Control group having the chalk talk method and the Experimental group having the mind mapping for five (5) weeks. The pre-test revealed that both groups were described as “Poor”. Among all the competencies tested, the distinguishing of mixtures from substances based on set properties got the lowest mean. After five (5) weeks, the post-test showed that the respondent's group performed differently. The Control group got a grand mean of 7.23, which is “Good” while the experimental group got 9.65, which is also “Good” but slightly higher than that of the control group. As to the significant difference in the post-test of the respondent groups, the Control group’s performance revealed that there is a significant difference. Meanwhile, the Experimental group’s post-test performance result is “Highly Significant”. “Mind Mapping” as a strategy evidently showed a vital connection on the improvement of the Junior High School performance in Chemistry. It is more effective in both teaching and learning process as compared to the chalk talk method. Thus, the proposed learning activities is highly recommended.
Reflective Materials and the Use of Glitter in Art Therapy
Authors:   , Maza Amber
Published: April 2024

This paper hypothesizes that glitter is an important media in art therapy. This research asked the question, what is the significance and clinical application of glitter in art therapy? Glitter is a commonly used art material and research on the subject matter is absent. The method used was survey research with quantitative and qualitative questions. Seven hundred and fifty eight members of the American Art Therapy Association completed the survey. Glitter has significant meaning in reference to Cathy Moon’s theory of materiality, and can be used to bring light to client art work.
Procedural Deficiencies in Administrative Tribunals of Bangladesh: Exploring Alternative Tactics
Authors: Aktar Sharmin
Published: April 2024

The present article demonstrates that a troublesome reality is now being faced by Administrative Tribunals, leaving a room highlighting problems that have been unaddressed since its inception. It is found that the jurisprudential concept of locus standi, so far as Administrative Tribunals are concerned, is not wide and comprehensive, even then it need not be extended due to its short domain of jurisdiction as to subject matter. Furthermore, there is no scope to condone the delay according to relevant provisions. In addition, the Act of 1980 does not mysteriously fix a period for the restoration of a case or setting aside an ex parte order. Whereas most of the litigations in Tribunals concern a lack of procedural fairness in departmental proceedings, therein the principle of ‘Natural Justice’ is not recognized. These lapses seriously endangered the future of this justice system but neither the legislature nor the judiciary has so far taken any serious step to check these realities. Therefore, scattered procedural complexities have been accommodated in this article based on the Act of 1980 as well as the Rules of 1982; and cases and interviewing have been used as the point of reference, but at the same time earnest effort has been spent for finding out solutions, guided by expediency and tradition.

Dhaka University Law Journal, 2023, 34 (2), 67-95
Histopathological study of the fertility components of undescended testes in boys of different age group
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Hossain A K M Zahid
Published: April 2024

Background: Undescended testes presents the most common male developmental abnormalities, with infertility frequently observed in unilateral as well as bilateral forms. In that study, we evaluated the histological parameters of Undescended testes based on patient’s age and we recommended for the optimal timing for orchiopexy. Objective: To evaluate the histological parameters of undescended testis and determine the optimal timing for orchiopexy. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study included 30 patients with undescended testis(es) in the department of paediatric surgery, BSMMU. After taking relevant history, examination findings and investigation reports of all the study subjects were recorded in the pretested data collection sheet. Then biopsy specimens were collected from the selected testes during orchiopexy and analyzed the parameters including mean tubular diameter (MTD), mean tubular fertility index (MTFI) germ cell count (GCC), Sertoli cell index (SCI) and interstitial fibrosis index (IFI) Results: The MTFI and GCC in children <1 years of age were significantly higher than those of other older age group. (P= 0.011 & P= 0.003) The MTFI, GCC and IFI were significantly better in patients <2 years of age when compared to those of > 2years. IFI in the > 5-years group was significantly higher than those of any of the other younger age groups (P < 0.05). Other parameters such as testicular volume, MTD and SCI showed no statistically significant difference between the age groups studied. Conclusions: This study revealed that higher number of germ cells exists in the tubules between 6 months and 1 year. After first year of life, the major germ cell parameters deteriorate continuously, thus we recommended that orchipexy should be performed, between 6 months and 1 year but no later than 2 years for preserving future fertility.
Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2019) Vol.10 (1 & 2): 26-31
Prognostic Factors of Spinal Intramedullary Hemangioblastoma : Analysis of Surgical Outcomes and Tumor Characteristics
Authors: Jang Hyun-Jun , Moon Bong-Ju , Kim Kyung-Hyun , Park Jeong-Yoon , Chin Dong-Kyu , Cho Yong-Eun , Kim Keun-Su
Published: April 2024

Objective : Spinal intramedullary hemangioblastoma is a rare and highly vascularized benign tumor. The characteristics of the tumor, its corresponding location, and surgical outcomes remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors and strategies for neurologic deterioration following hemangioblastoma surgery.Methods : A comprehensive retrospective analysis was undertaken to evaluate patients who underwent surgical intervention for intramedullary hemangioblastoma at our institution from 1993 to 2022. Patients with at least 1 year of follow-up data were included. The analysis covered patient demographics, pre- and post-operative modified McCormick scale (MMCS), tumor location, and tumor size.Results : This study included 25 cases. One-year after surgery, neurological deterioration was observed in five cases (20.0%), and neurological improvement was found in nine cases (36.0%). Five cases were ventrally located, and twelve cases were dorsally located. Ventrally located cases were larger in tumor axial size (p=0.029) than dorsal location tumors, resulting in poorer follow-up MMCS and a higher prevalence of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) (p=0.042). Three of them were confirmed to be supplied by the anterior spinal artery. In the case of dorsally located cases, there was no neurologic deterioration.Conclusion : In intramedullary spinal cord hemangioblastomas, cases located ventrally had a higher incidence of neurological deterioration following surgery than those located dorsally or in intramedullary extramedullary cases. Ventrally located hemangioblastomas were larger than those in other locations. They were mainly supplied by the anterior spinal artery in VHL patients.
OPTIMIZATION OF POTATO LEAF DISEASE IDENTIFICATION WITH TRANSFER LEARNING APPROACH USING MOBILENETV1 ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Brawijaya Herlambang , Rahmawati Eva , Haryanto Toto
Published: April 2024

Diseases affecting potato leaves frequently lead to significant setbacks for farmers, reducing the overall harvest and the quality of the potatoes. Given the critical need for prompt disease detection, this research introduces the use of the MobileNet framework grounded in the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for adept detection of potato leaf ailments. During the research, potato leaf images undergo processing, and their distinct features are gleaned using CNN. Then, harnessing the MobileNet framework, these images undergo classification to ascertain the existence of diseases. The aspiration is that the formulated model can pinpoint diseases with notable precision, rapid feedback, and enhanced computational adeptness. Initial findings underscore the potential of this methodology in discerning potato leaf diseases, providing renewed optimism for farmers grappling with plant health issues. Experiments using the Transfer Learning approach showed good performance in classification and displayed a high accuracy rate of 99.2%.
Magnitude of HIV Index Case Testing among HIV Positive Clients Attending ART Clinic in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023
Authors: Asmare Lakew , Yigzaw Zeamanuel , Alemu Tihtna
Published: April 2024

Background: Index case testing is the provision of HIV testing services to family members or sexual partners of individuals already diagnosed with HIV. Its promotion stems from its potential to detect new cases, improve testing coverage, enhance ART retention, and provide convenience to affected families. Although evidence on index case testing in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area, is lacking, even, it is regarded as a crucial strategy for reducing HIV transmission among those unaware of their HIV status.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors with HIV index testing in Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods: The study utilized an institution-based cross-sectional study design. The recruitment of 387 HIV-positive clients was done using a simple random sampling technique, and structured interviewer-administered questionnaires were employed for data collection. The collected data was entered into Kobo Collect software and later exported to STATA version 16 for analysis. In binary logistic regression, variables with a p-value below 0.25 were considered as candidates for multivariate logistic regression. An association was assessing if the p-value was below 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval.

Results: In the study, 380 (98.19% of participants) underwent the interview. The prevalence of HIV index case testing service was 38.7% (CI: 36.45% to 42.03%). Significant associations were observed between HIV index case testing and certain factors. Those with a higher education level (college and above) had 1.21 times higher odds (AOR) of undergoing index case testing (CI: 1.05 to 3.11). Married individuals had 2.30 times higher odds of receiving index case testing (AOR) (CI: 1.98 to 4.20). Participants engaged in work for monetary compensation had 1.66 times higher odds of undergoing index case testing (AOR) (CI: 1.58 to 4.71).

Conclusion: The utilization of index case testing service was lower in this study compared to previous research. Higher education level (college and above), occupation involving work for monetary compensation, and being married were associated with HIV index case testing. To enhance uptake, community-based education programs and targeted training for HIV-positive individuals are recommended. These measures can raise awareness and encourage greater participation in index case testing.
Bending the Curve Through Innovations to Overcome Persistent Obstacles in HIV Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Addissouky Tamer A. , El Tantawy El Sayed Ibrahim , Ali Majeed M. A. , Alubiady Mahmood Hasen Shuhata , Wang Yuliang
Published: April 2024

Background: HIV/AIDS remains a major global public health challenge despite significant progress in treatment. New infections and HIV-related deaths persist, fueled by disparities in prevention and care access.

Purpose: This review synthesizes recent advances across key domains - from vaccine development to novel treatments to omics approaches – that collectively hold promise for ending the HIV/AIDS pandemic.

Main body: Multiple innovative HIV vaccine platforms are now in early-phase trials, including mRNA vaccines as well as conserved epitope and mosaic constructs for broader immunogenicity. Long-acting injectable antiretrovirals represent a major milestone in HIV treatment, while gene editing techniques offer future curative potential. Leveraging multi-omics data through genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics provides systems-level insights into viral persistence and new therapeutic opportunities. The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a mediator of HIV progression, spurring research into probiotic/prebiotic supplementation and fecal transplantation. Across these domains, integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning will likely accelerate discovery.

Conclusion: Despite past setbacks, the HIV cure effort has renewed momentum. Translating emerging tools like long-acting antiretrovirals and omics profiling into broader clinical application could bend the pandemic’s trajectory. Innovation must be paired with ensuring equitable access to maximize global impact.
MEMBANGUN KETAHANAN RELEGIUS ANAK MELALUI ACTIVE PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT
Authors: Buton La Husni , Susiati Susiati , Masniati Andi , Tuasalamony Kurniati , Hatuwe Rahma Satya Masna , Tahir Saidna Zulfiqar Bin , Tenriawali A. Yusdianti , Marasabessy Roos Nilawati
Published: April 2024

The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the behavior of parents in educating children's religiosity; 2) identify children's actions in applying religiosity in society. The location of this research is in Ubung Village, Lilialy District, Buru Regency, because this location is assessed as the role of parents in educating children's religiosity very high and intensively. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The method in this research is the method of observation with data collection techniques used, namely in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique. The results showed 1) parental behavior in educating religiosity in the village of Ubung includes (1) democratic parenting or behavior. In this pattern there are four aspects applied by parents in Ubung Village, namely (a) aspects of affection, (b) aspects of communication, (c) aspects of self-control, (d) aspects of maturity demands; (2) permissive parenting; (3) attachment parenting; (4) authoritarian parenting; (5) helicopter parenting; (6) negligent parenting. 2) As for the children's actions in implementing religiosity in the community in Ubung Village, namely looking happy and happy in their interactions, never learning to control their behavior, having a high sense of care for their surroundings, often less happy, withdrawn, afraid, and less confident When comparing themselves with others, children tend to be afraid of expressing opinions, low self-esteem, and so on.
RIYANTO DAN BOM NATAL 2000 : NALAR BANSER NU DALAM NESTAPA KETAHANAN TOLERANSI BERAGAMA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sujono Imam
Published: April 2024

In the holy book of the Qur’an there is Surat Al-Kafirun verse 6, which reads "lakum diinukum wa liyadiin," which means "For you your religion, and for me my religion." In this letter it is sufficient to show how tolerance is in religion. The research examines issues that focus on (1) What is the Reasoning for the Tolerance of the NU Banser? (2) Why did the death of Riyanto in the Praxis of Religious Tolerance during Christmas Celebration at Eben Haezar Mojokerto Church in 2000? This research uses field studies and literature reviews with an empirical and historical sociological approach. From the results obtained the following answers: (1) NU Banser understands Ahlussunnah Wal Jamaah and there is tasamuh which is seen as Ukhuwah Insaniyah (humanity) and Ukhuwah Wathaniyah (nationalism) which are the basic principles of tolerance for religious diversity, so that NU and BANSER always trying to create, maintain, maintain tolerance for religious diversity, (2) BANSER Riyanto was in charge of safeguarding the 2000 Christmas celebration at the Eben Haezar Mojokerto Church and died along with a bomb explosion to save the Christmas congregation.
Shining a light on liver health: advancements in fluorescence-enhanced enzyme biosensors for early disease detection
Authors: Liu Shifeng , Yin Yatong , Liu Shihai , Wang Congxiao , Sun Wenshe , Hu Xiaokun
Published: April 2024

Early detection of liver diseases holds paramount importance in optimizing treatment outcomes and prognosis, thereby significantly enhancing the likelihood of recovery while mitigating the risk of progression to liver cancer. Liver diseases encompass a spectrum of conditions, each potentially manifesting distinct enzymatic profiles. Monitoring these enzymes in situ facilitates timely intervention and therapeutic management. In recent years, the field of biosensor technology has witnessed remarkable advancement, owing to strides in biomedicine and computational sciences. Biosensors have garnered widespread utility across medical and biological domains, spanning the detection of disease biomarkers, drug release tracking, ion imaging, and fluorescence imaging within living organisms. These applications have markedly enhanced imaging resolution and have the potential to refine disease diagnosis accuracy for clinicians. A pivotal aspect in the successful application of this technology lies in the construction of fluorescence probes adept at swiftly and selectively identifying target enzymes by amalgamating liver disease enzymes with fluorescence probe technology. However, research in this niche area remains relatively scarce. Building upon this foundational understanding, the present review delineates the utilization of biosensors in the early diagnosis of liver disease. Serving as a theoretical framework, this review envisages the development of high-performance biosensors tailored for the early detection of liver cancer. Furthermore, it offers insights into the potential of biosensor technology to progress and broaden its practical applications, thus contributing to the advancement of diagnostic methodologies in liver disease management.
Plasticity in cell migration modes across development, physiology, and disease
Authors: Pourjafar Mona , Tiwari Vijay K.
Published: April 2024

Cell migration is fundamental to both development and adult physiology, including gastrulation, brain development, angiogenesis, wound healing, bone remodeling, tissue homeostasis, and the immune response. Additionally, misguided cellular migration is implicated in disease pathologies such as cancer metastasis and fibrosis. The microenvironment influences cell migration modes such as mesenchymal, amoeboid, lobopodial, and collective, and these are governed through local signaling by affecting the gene expression and epigenetic alteration of migration-related genes. Plasticity in switching between migration modes is essential for key cellular processes across various contexts. Understanding the mechanisms of cell migration modes and its plasticity is essential for unraveling the complexities of this process and revealing its implications in physiological and pathological contexts. This review focuses on different modes of cell migration, including their aberrant migration in disease pathologies and how they can be therapeutically targeted in disease conditions such as cancer.
Oedipus and the cabal: conspiracy theories and the decline of symbolic efficiency
Authors: Hughes Brian
Published: April 2024

Conspiracy theories are a means by which people make sense of vastly complex webs of cause and effect, contingency, and random chance. Impersonal operations of a political economy thus become personified in the figure of sinister puppet masters controlling the world. Overdetermined historical events become narrativized as plots executed with clockwork timing and perfect secrecy. This study proposes a model for the motives and mechanisms by which complex and ambiguous systems are made fodder for paranoid interpretation in the form of a conspiracy theory. By employing an exegetical close-reading methodology and psychoanalytic interpretation, three meta-conspiracies are identified as symptoms of the process described above: antisemitic theories of globalization, the “Deep State” as seen from the political Left, and vulgar UFOlogy. This study will argue that the impenetrable complexity of our globalized, financialized, hypermediated world agitates our experience of the Symbolic order, that is, the realm of language, logic, law, which acts as the scaffolding to the individual’s psychic sense of place in society. Lacan associates entry into the Symbolic order with the reconciliation of the Oedipal conflict and the Symbolic itself with the figure of the Father. However, the complexity and ambiguity of the Symbolic in our contemporary world produce a crisis in this dynamic, which some have described as a “decline in Symbolic efficiency.” This is particularly acute around events, which give rise to conspiracy theories. The will of the Father becomes unknowable, and the order upon which he insists appears dark and chaotic. Conspiracy therefore refers to turning away from this chaotic order and a “dark return” to the pre-symbolic maternal state, via the recession of the Symbolic into the Real, as a chaotic totalized presence (the conspiracy) stretching to occupy every corner of reality.
Perspectives from students and teachers about the challenges of teaching and learning STEM subjects in Ghana
Authors: Akon-Yamga Gordon , Funkor Godfried , Tsey Komla , Kingsford-Adaboh Robert , Quaye Wilhemina , Ntewusu Diana Amoni
Published: April 2024

Ghana has recently renewed its commitment to build a strong Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) base for improved socio-economic development. This commitment hinges on recognizing that the strength of the nation’s STI policy depends on the quality of pre-tertiary education and training in science and mathematics to produce a critical mass of young people well-prepared for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) courses at the tertiary level. However, despite numerous interventions to improve upon STI, Ghana still performs poorly, along with other Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) countries with common STI indicators in the Global Innovation Index. Using Ghana as a lens, this article highlights the challenges in STEM teaching and learning throughout the sub-region. The qualitative research approach was adopted to allow an in-depth exploration of participants’ perspectives. Six pre-tertiary schools (three Junior High Schools and three Senior High Schools) and the University of Ghana, Legon, were selected due to the availability of their students and teachers to participate in the interviews in Accra, the capital city. This article argues that, to develop the critical mass of human capital needed for sustainable development, there is a need to improve the performance of students in STEM subjects at the pre-tertiary level. In addition, performance improvement, which is linked to student interest in the study of STEM subjects, should increase the quality of students entering tertiary education institutions. These students will then be trained to meet the quality of human resources needed to run the STI system—a step toward achieving sustainable development this article recommends the redesign of STEM curriculum at the pre-tertiary level to align with tertiary STEM education as that in turn aligns with Ghana’s STI system.
Assessment of adults with low literacy skills: a review of methods
Authors: Chyl Katarzyna , Dębska Agnieszka , Pokropek Artur , Szczerbiński Marcin , Tanaś Łukasz Lech , Sitek Michał
Published: April 2024

The paper reviews the methods for assessing different components of reading skills in adults with reading difficulties, along with functional reading skills. We are particularly interested in the assessment methods available to researchers and practitioners, developed predominantly in the research context, and not available solely in English. We discuss the large-scale international study, PIAAC, as an example of a framework for such assessments. Furthermore, we cover the following types of assessment tools: (1) self-assessment questionnaires, probing into comprehension difficulties and reading habits; (2) measures of print exposure, such as author recognition tests, correlating with other reading-related skills; (3) measures of word recognition and decoding, including reading aloud of words and pseudowords, as well as silent lexical decision tasks; (4) fill-in-the-blank tasks and sentence reading tasks, measuring predominantly local comprehension, entangled with decoding skills; (5) comprehension of longer reading passages and texts, focusing on functional texts. We discuss comprehension types measured by tests, text types, answer formats, and the dependence problem, i.e., reading comprehension tests that can be solved correctly without reading. Finally, we tap into the new ideas emerging from the AI systems evaluation, e.g., using questions generated from news articles or Wikipedia or asked directly by search engines users. In the concluding section, we comment on the significance of incorporating background information, motivation, and self-efficacy into the assessment of adult literacy skills.
Codon decoding by orthogonal tRNAs interrogates the in vivo preferences of unmodified adenosine in the wobble position
Authors: Schmitt Margaret A. , Tittle Jillyn M. , Fisk John D.
Published: April 2024

The in vivo codon decoding preferences of tRNAs with an authentic adenosine residue at position 34 of the anticodon, the wobble position, are largely unexplored because very few unmodified A34 tRNA genes exist across the three domains of life. The expanded wobble rules suggest that unmodified adenosine pairs most strongly with uracil, modestly with cytosine, and weakly with guanosine and adenosine. Inosine, a modified adenosine, on the other hand, pairs strongly with both uracil and cytosine and to a lesser extent adenosine. Orthogonal pair directed sense codon reassignment experiments offer a tool with which to interrogate the translational activity of A34 tRNAs because the introduced tRNA can be engineered with any anticodon. Our fluorescence-based screen utilizes the absolute requirement of tyrosine at position 66 of superfolder GFP for autocatalytic fluorophore formation. The introduced orthogonal tRNA competes with the endogenous translation machinery to incorporate tyrosine in response to a codon typically assigned another meaning in the genetic code. We evaluated the codon reassignment efficiencies of 15 of the 16 possible orthogonal tRNAs with A34 anticodons. We examined the Sanger sequencing chromatograms for cDNAs from each of the reverse transcribed tRNAs for evidence of inosine modification. Despite several A34 tRNAs decoding closely-related C-ending codons, partial inosine modification was detected for only three species. These experiments employ a single tRNA body with a single attached amino acid to interrogate the behavior of different anticodons in the background of in vivo E. coli translation and greatly expand the set of experimental measurements of the in vivo function of A34 tRNAs in translation. For the most part, unmodified A34 tRNAs largely pair with only U3 codons as the original wobble rules suggest. In instances with GC pairs in the first two codon positions, unmodified A34 tRNAs decode the C- and G-ending codons as well as the expected U-ending codon. These observations support the “two-out-of-three” and “strong and weak” codon hypotheses.
Antiphospholipid antibody-related hepatic vasculitis in a juvenile after non-severe COVID-19: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Qingyu , Li Jingya , Zhou Menglan , Ge Ying , Liu Zhengyin , Li Taisheng , Zhang Li
Published: April 2024

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are both laboratory evidence and causative factors for a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), with thrombotic and obstetric events being the most prevalent. Despite the aPL-triggered vasculopathy nature of APS, vasculitic-like manifestations rarely exist in APS and mainly appear associated with other concurrent connective tissue diseases like systemic lupus erythematous. Several studies have characterized pulmonary capillaritis related to pathogenic aPL, suggesting vasculitis as a potential associated non-thrombotic manifestation. Here, we describe a 15-year-old girl who develops hepatic infarction in the presence of highly positive aPL, temporally related to prior non-severe COVID-19 infection. aPL-related hepatic vasculitis, which has not been reported before, contributes to liver ischemic necrosis. Immunosuppression therapy brings about favorable outcomes. Our case together with retrieved literature provides supportive evidence for aPL-related vasculitis, extending the spectrum of vascular changes raised by pathogenic aPL. Differentiation between thrombotic and vasculitic forms of vascular lesions is essential for appropriate therapeutic decision to include additional immunosuppression therapy. We also perform a systematic review to characterize the prevalence and clinical features of new-onset APS and APS relapses after COVID-19 for the first time, indicating the pathogenicity of aPL in a subset of COVID-19 patients.
Scrutiny of chimeric antigen receptor activation by the extracellular domain: experience with single domain antibodies targeting multiple myeloma cells highlights the need for case-by-case optimization
Authors: Hanssens Heleen , Meeus Fien , De Vlaeminck Yannick , Lecocq Quentin , Puttemans Janik , Debie Pieterjan , De Groof Timo W. M. , Goyvaerts Cleo , De Veirman Kim , Breckpot Karine , Devoogdt Nick
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable, despite the advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. This unfulfilled potential can be attributed to two untackled issues: the lack of suitable CAR targets and formats. In relation to the former, the target should be highly expressed and reluctant to shedding; two characteristics that are attributed to the CS1-antigen. Furthermore, conventional CARs rely on scFvs for antigen recognition, yet this withholds disadvantages, mainly caused by the intrinsic instability of this format. VHHs have been proposed as valid scFv alternatives. We therefore intended to develop VHH-based CAR-T cells, targeting CS1, and to identify VHHs that induce optimal CAR-T cell activation together with the VHH parameters required to achieve this.

Methods

CS1-specific VHHs were generated, identified and fully characterized, in vitro and in vivo. Next, they were incorporated into second-generation CARs that only differ in their antigen-binding moiety. Reporter T-cell lines were lentivirally transduced with the different VHH-CARs and CAR-T cell activation kinetics were evaluated side-by-side. Affinity, cell-binding capacity, epitope location, in vivo behavior, binding distance, and orientation of the CAR-T:MM cell interaction pair were investigated as predictive parameters for CAR-T cell activation.

Results

Our data show that the VHHs affinity for its target antigen is relatively predictive for its in vivo tumor-tracing capacity, as tumor uptake generally decreased with decreasing affinity in an in vivo model of MM. This does not hold true for their CAR-T cell activation potential, as some intermediate affinity-binding VHHs proved surprisingly potent, while some higher affinity VHHs failed to induce equal levels of T-cell activation. This could not be attributed to cell-binding capacity, in vivo VHH behavior, epitope location, cell-to-cell distance or binding orientation. Hence, none of the investigated parameters proved to have significant predictive value for the extent of CAR-T cell activation.

Conclusions

We gained insight into the predictive parameters of VHHs in the CAR-context using a VHH library against CS1, a highly relevant MM antigen. As none of the studied VHH parameters had predictive value, defining VHHs for optimal CAR-T cell activation remains bound to serendipity. These findings highlight the importance of screening multiple candidates.