bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of body mass index on the wound infection and complications in patients with liver cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yan‐Ping , Gan Zhuo , Shi Bing
Published: January 2024

This study systematically evaluates the effect of body mass index on the occurrence of wound infections and complications in patients undergoing liver cancer surgery through a meta‐analysis. A computerized search was conducted, from database inception to October 2023, in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases for studies related to the impact of body mass index on patients undergoing liver cancer surgery. Two researchers independently selected studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the quality. Data analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software. A total of 8 studies, encompassing 21 030 liver cancer surgery patients, were included. The analysis revealed that patients with a higher body mass index had a significantly higher incidence of wound infection (odds ratio [OR] = 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–4.60, p = 0.012) and complications (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.11–2.24, p = 0.011) compared to the control group. Additionally, the hospital stay for higher body mass index patients was longer than that for the control group (standard mean difference [SMD] = −1.09, 95% CI: −4.71 to 2.53, p = 0.556), although this difference was not statistically significant. The study indicates that liver cancer surgery patients with higher body mass index were at an increased risk of postoperative wound infection and complications. This finding highlights the importance of considering body mass index as a factor in the management and care of patients undergoing liver cancer surgery.
Effects of providing EFL learners with additional online and face‐to‐face practise opportunities to promote active learning in higher education
Authors: Liu Jingrong , Li Shujun , Zhang Wanfang
Published: January 2024

Background

Limited research on the effectiveness of additional online and face‐to‐face practise opportunities for promoting active learning among Chinese EFL learners in higher education. Current understanding of self‐regulated and collaborative learning theories in educational contexts.

Objectives

To establish the efficacy of interactive online and face‐to‐face practise opportunities for enhancing active learning among Chinese EFL learners.

Methods

Employed mixed methods research to assess the impact of different types of practise opportunities on 116 EFL learners. Utilised methodological triangulation of QUAN + QUAL data and one‐way ANOVA for interpretation.

Results and conclusions

The study demonstrated the effectiveness of integrating online and face‐to‐face practise opportunities to enhance active learning. Empirical evidence supports the pedagogical and theoretical benefits of these opportunities for promoting active learning among EFL learners.
Predictors and barriers to engagement in caring for children with a mental health diagnosis: A qualitative study of caregivers perception of power
Authors: Seney Valerie
Published: January 2024

Background

Evidence‐based treatments used in managing behaviors of children require caregiver engagement. However, there is a gap in understanding a caregiver's level of comprehension of how they can advocate for their children's mental health needs and how to help their children in the home once outpatient treatment is initiated.

Methods

This was a qualitative study using interviews with semi‐structured research questions. Recruitment was through convenience sampling at a private practice mental health agency. Nine participants were interviewed. A thematic analysis was completed posttranscription and coding.

Results

Four themes emerged that captured the lived experience of the caregivers as they sought to facilitate care for the child/adolescent: Feeling lost (powerless navigating the mental health care system); Feeling a loss of control (Lack of Return Communication and Lack of Available Providers); Feeling frustrated (insurance and/or cost barriers); and Feeling powerless to help (their child at home and not included in treatment).

Relevance

This study addresses the gaps in the current health care system. Through examining the caregiver's sense of power in their role in mental health care for their children, interventions may be developed to encourage more active involvement in treatment outcomes and more involvement in interventions for the home setting. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of giving insight to providers on how to help families navigate mental health care, communicate more, and include the patient and caregiver in the development of comprehensive treatment plans.
Tax‐loss selling and the January effect revisited: Evidence from municipal bond closed‐end funds and exchange‐traded funds
Authors: Carrion Allen , Zhang Jiang
Published: January 2024

We revisit the tax‐loss selling hypothesis as an explanation for the January effect. We expand on prior empirical evidence from municipal bond closed‐end funds (CEFs) by extending the sample period by 19 years and adding exchange‐traded funds (ETFs). Our sample covers the introduction and rapid growth of municipal bond ETFs, significant changes to municipal bond market structure, and the modernization of tax‐loss selling practices. The January effect in municipal bond CEFs has become stronger in recent years and is consistent with the tax‐loss hypothesis. The January effect in municipal bond ETFs is smaller and cannot be explained by tax‐loss selling.
Informed trading by hedge funds
Authors: Huang Qiping , Jain Pankaj K.
Published: January 2024

Using daily equity transactions, we create a hedge fund informed trading measure (ITM) that separates concentrated information‐related trades from liquidity‐driven basket trades. We find that stocks with higher ITM are associated with higher future stock performance. The long–short portfolio delivers 4% annual alpha after controlling for size, value, momentum, and illiquidity factors. We attribute informed trading to hedge funds' ability to identify and correct stock underpricing. The results are robust to several ways of constructing and sorting the measure, and we do not find a return reversal in four quarters, indicating that the measure is information related.
Efficacy of serious games for chronic pain management in older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Saragih Ita Daryanti , Suarilah Ira , Saragih Ice Septriani , Lin Yen‐Ko , Lin Chia‐Ju
Published: January 2024

Aims and Objectives

To synthesise and appraise the evidence of the efficacy of serious games in reducing chronic pain among older adults.

Background

Chronic pain in older adults generally results in a substantial handicap due to decreased mobility, exercise avoidance and various concerns that affect their overall quality of life. While serious games have been widely used as a pain management approach, no reviews have thoroughly examined their efficacy for chronic pain management in older adult populations.

Design

A systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

The CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PubMed and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched to find articles published from their inception until 17 April 2023. RoB‐2 was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The efficacy of serious games for pain management in older individuals was investigated using pooled standardised mean differences (SMDs) in pain reduction using a random effect model.

Results

The meta‐analysis comprised nine randomised controlled trials that included 350 older adult patients with pain. Serious games effectively alleviated pain in this group (pooled SMD = −0.62; 95% confidence interval: −1.15 to −0.10), although pain‐related disability and fear require further investigation.

Conclusions

Serious games tended to effectively reduce pain in this older adult group; however, due to a lack of randomised controlled trials, the analysis found lower effectiveness in reducing pain‐related disability and fear. Further studies are accordingly required to confirm these findings.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The findings of the study emphasise the importance of serious games to increase the motivation of older adults to exercise as one of the safe and extensively used pain management strategies. Serious games that effectively reduce chronic pain in older adults are characterised as consisting of diverse physical activities delivered through consoles, computer‐based activities and other technologies.

Patient or Public Contributions

Serious games are recommended as being potentially useful and practical for reducing pain in older adults.
Changes in belongingness, meaningful work, and emotional exhaustion among new high‐intensity telecommuters: Insights from pandemic remote workers
Authors: Afota Marie‐Colombe , Provost Savard Yanick , Léon Emmanuelle , Ollier‐Malaterre Ariane
Published: January 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic has thrust millions of workers into high‐intensity telecommuting. While much research has examined the first months of the pandemic, little is known about how workers have responded to this new work arrangement over time. The stressor‐reaction perspective suggests that any strain related to the physical separation from coworkers may persist as long as the stressor is present, while the adaptation perspective implies that individuals adopt new behaviours that help them adjust once the initial shock is over. This research examines the changes in work belongingness, meaningful work, and emotional exhaustion following a shift to high‐intensity telecommuting, between September 2020 and March 2021. We conducted a four‐wave study among an organizational sample of 716 workers who transitioned to high‐intensity telecommuting during the pandemic. Latent growth modelling analyses showed that new high‐intensity telecommuters experienced declines in work belongingness over time, which in turn led to decreased perceptions that their work was meaningful and increased emotional exhaustion, supporting the stress‐reaction perspective. Contrary to theoretical predictions, trajectories were worse for those with a higher initial affective commitment to coworkers. We discuss how our findings can inform scholars and practitioners about the unfolding consequences of a collective shift to high‐intensity telecommuting.
B12 deficiency‐related glossitis is highly associated with high gastrin‐17 and low pepsinogen I
Authors: Zhu Jingci , He Yining , Feng Huang , Wang Yufeng , Ge Zili
Published: January 2024

Background

The causes of vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency are varied and mainly related to gastric disorders. Glossitis is a common oral manifestation of B12 deficiency and is often first seen by dentists. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between B12 deficiency‐related glossitis (B12‐def glossitis) and gastric serum biomarkers [gastrin‐17(G17), pepsinogen I (PGI), pepsinogen II (PGII), and anti‐Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibodies], and preliminarily discuss the etiology of B12‐def glossitis.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in patients complaining of glossodynia, burning sensation, or severe recurrent oral ulcers, but patients with a history of gastrectomy were excluded. All subjects underwent a uniform oral examination and hematological tests.

Results

Of 243 patients, 133 with B12‐def glossitis were in the case group, and 110 with other oral mucosal diseases (non‐glossitis) and normal B12 levels were in the control group. In the case group, 84.2% (112/133) showed high G17 and low PGI levels (G17hi PGIlow). Univariate logistic regression showed that G17hi PGIlow was a high‐risk factor for B12‐def glossitis (OR: 92.44; 95% CI: 35.91, 238.02). Subgroup analyses in the case group showed that the G17hi PGIlow group presented with lower B12 levels and a lower positive rate of anti‐H. pylori antibodies compared to the non‐G17hi PGIlow group.

Conclusion

Gastric serum biomarkers in patients with B12‐def glossitis generally showed G17hi PGIlow, suggesting possible atrophy of gastric corpus and fundus mucosa. The G17hi PGIlow and non‐G17hi PGIlow groups may represent different etiologies of B12 deficiency.
Binding and unbinding of potent melatonin receptor ligands: Mechanistic simulations and experimental evidence
Authors: Bedini Annalida , Elisi Gian Marco , Fanini Fabiola , Retini Michele , Scalvini Laura , Pasquini Silvia , Contri Chiara , Varani Katia , Spadoni Gilberto , Mor Marco , Vincenzi Fabrizio , Rivara Silvia
Published: January 2024

The labeled ligand commonly employed in competition binding studies for melatonin receptor ligands, 2‐[125I]iodomelatonin, showed slow dissociation with different half‐lives at the two receptor subtypes. This may affect the operational measures of affinity constants, which at short incubation times could not be obtained in equilibrium conditions, and structure–activity relationships, as the Ki values of tested ligands could depend on either interaction at the binding site or the dissociation path. To address these issues, the kinetic and saturation binding parameters of 2‐[125I]iodomelatonin as well as the competition constants for a series of representative ligands were measured at a short (2 h) and a long (20 h) incubation time. Concurrently, we simulated by molecular modeling the dissociation path of 2‐iodomelatonin from MT1 and MT2 receptors and investigated the role of interactions at the binding site on the stereoselectivity observed for the enantiomers of the subtype‐selective ligand UCM1014. We found that equilibrium conditions for 2‐[125I]iodomelatonin binding can be reached only with long incubation times, particularly for the MT2 receptor subtype, for which a time of 20 h approximates this condition. On the other hand, measured Ki values for a set of ligands including agonists, antagonists, nonselective, and subtype‐selective compounds were not significantly affected by the length of incubation, suggesting that structure–activity relationships based on data collected at shorter time reflect different interactions at the binding site. Molecular modeling simulations evidenced that the slower dissociation of 2‐iodomelatonin from the MT2 receptor can be related to the restricted mobility of a gatekeeper tyrosine along a lipophilic path from the binding site to the membrane bilayer. The enantiomers of the potent, MT2‐selective agonist UCM1014 were separately synthesized and tested. Molecular dynamics simulations of the receptor–ligand complexes provided an explanation for their stereoselectivity as due to the preference shown by the eutomer at the binding site for the most abundant axial conformation adopted by the ligand in solution. These results suggest that, despite the slow‐binding kinetics occurring for the labeled ligand, affinity measures at shorter incubation times give robust results consistent with known structure–activity relationships and with interactions taken at the receptor binding site.
Hepatitis C virus reinfection incidence among gay and bisexual men with HIV in Australia from 2016 to 2020
Authors: Harney Brendan L. , Sacks‐Davis Rachel , van Santen Daniela K. , Traeger Michael W. , Wilkinson Anna L. , Asselin Jason , Fairley Christopher K. , Roth Norman , Bloch Mark , Matthews Gail V. , Donovan Basil , Guy Rebecca , Stoové Mark , Hellard Margaret E. , Doyle Joseph S.
Published: January 2024

Background

There is some concern that hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection might impact HCV micro‐elimination efforts among gay and bisexual men (GBM) with HIV. However, there is a limited understanding of reinfection incidence in the context of unrestricted government‐funded HCV treatment. We aimed to estimate HCV reinfection incidence among GBM with HIV in Australia from 2016 to 2020.

Methods

Data were from 39 clinics participating in ACCESS, a sentinel surveillance network for blood borne viruses and sexually transmissible infections across Australia. GBM with HIV who had evidence of treatment or spontaneous clearance with at least one positive HCV RNA test, a subsequent negative HCV RNA test, and at least one additional HCV RNA test between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2020 were eligible for inclusion. A new HCV RNA positive test and/or detectable viral load was defined as a reinfection. Generalised linear modelling was used to examine trends in reinfection.

Results

Among 12 213 GBM with HIV who had at least one HCV test, 540 were included in the reinfection incidence analysis, of whom 38 (7%) had evidence of reinfection during the observation period. Over 1124 person‐years of follow‐up, the overall rate of reinfection was 3.4/100PY (95% CI 2.5–4.6). HCV reinfection incidence declined on average 30% per calendar year (Incidence Rate Ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.91).

Conclusion

HCV reinfection incidence has declined among GBM with HIV in Australia since government‐funded unrestricted DAAs were made available. Ongoing HCV RNA testing following cure and prompt treatment for anyone newly diagnosed is warranted to sustain this.
Adherence to the Eatwell Guide and population and planetary health: A Rank Prize Forum report
Authors: Shannon Oliver M. , Townsend Rebecca , Malcomson Fiona C. , Matu Jamie , Griffiths Alex , Jennings Amy , Ward Nicola , Papier Keren , Best Nicola , French Chloe , Scheelbeek Pauline , Kim Curie , Ochieng Bertha , Jay Fareeha , Shepherd Kaydee , Corfe Bernard , Fairley Andrea , McEvoy Claire T. , Minihane Anne‐Marie , Sim Yi Jia , Stevenson Emma , Gregory Sarah
Published: January 2024

This report summarises a Forum conducted in June 2023 to explore the current state of the knowledge around the Eatwell Guide, which is the UK government's healthy eating tool, in relation to population and planetary health. The 1.5‐day Forum highlighted the limited, albeit promising evidence linking higher adherence to the Eatwell Guide with favourable health outcomes, including reduced overall mortality risk, lower abdominal obesity in post‐menopausal women and improved cardiometabolic health markers. Similarly, evidence was presented to suggest that higher adherence to the Eatwell Guide is associated with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Presentations were given around cultural adaptations of the Eatwell Guide, including African Heritage and South Asian versions, which are designed to increase the acceptability and uptake of the Eatwell Guide in these communities in the United Kingdom. Presentations highlighted ongoing work relevant to the applications of the Eatwell Guide in randomised controlled trials and public health settings, including the development of a screening tool to quantify Eatwell Guide adherence. The Forum ended with a World Café‐style event, in which the strengths and limitations of the Eatwell Guide were discussed, and directions for future research were identified. This Forum report serves as a primer on the current state of the knowledge on the Eatwell Guide and population and planetary health and will be of interest to researchers, healthcare professionals and public health officials.
Staff‐based measurement instruments of person‐centredness in settings of care for older people: A systematic review
Authors: Elfstrand Corlin Tinna , Kazemi Ali
Published: January 2024

Background

Person‐centred care is widely endorsed as a promising approach for delivering high‐quality care to older people. However, the multitude of existing definitions and measurement tools, coupled with the continuous emergence of new tools, can create confusion and hinder precision in assessing this concept. This review was undertaken with a recognition of the crucial role that assessment quality plays in evaluations and improvements, particularly within the context of person‐centred care for older people.

Objectives

This study aimed to systematically review staff‐based measures of person‐centredness in settings of care for older people. More specifically, the objectives were to provide description, methodological evaluation and synthesis of diverse conceptual understandings of person‐centredness encapsulated in these measurement tools.

Methods

We systematically searched the Cinahl, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases for English peer‐reviewed journal articles between 2000 and 2021. These articles discussed the creation of staff‐based questionnaires designed to assess the extent of person‐centred care. We excluded questionnaires meant for clients, patients or families, as well as non‐questionnaire scales. The measures were described, and their interpretations of person‐centred care were synthesised through a critical interpretive synthesis method. We evaluated methodological quality using a condensed COSMIN risk of bias checklist and adhered to PRISMA guidelines.

Results

The review identified a total of 14 staff‐based measures. These measures exhibited varying levels of comprehensiveness, encompassing anywhere between 2 and 17 components. Furthermore, the number of items within the measures ranged from 11 to 62, and the sample sizes exhibited significant diversity, spanning from 58 to 1428. In terms of the components scrutinised by the scales regarding person‐centred care, our synthesis revealed the emergence of four distinct conceptual categories: care process, supportive care environment, relations and communication, and knowledge and attitudes. As for the methodological quality of the scales, it exhibited a notable degree of variation (i.e. from inadequate to very good).

Conclusions

Diverse measures of person‐centredness vary in terms of comprehensiveness, aspects covered and methodological quality. Synthesising the concept through staff‐based measures offers a novel approach for researchers and practitioners, illuminating nuanced perspectives in person‐centred care.

Implications for practice

The synthesis enriches academic discussions and practical applications by dissecting components, ultimately enhancing care quality assessment and improvement. Further, this review is a valuable resource for unit managers and quality coordinators working in settings of care for older people, empowering them to make informed decisions tailored to their specific needs from a diverse array of available person‐centred care measures.
Pain characterization in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Nogueira Ana Carolinne Rodrigues , Pereira Karyne Corrêa , Rodrigues Vinício Ferreira , Alves Danielle De Paula Aprígio , Marques Juliana Bittencourt , Monteiro Estêvão Rios , Jesus Igor Ramathur Telles De
Published: January 2024

Background

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often report chronic pain, which is one of the most complex non‐motor symptoms. Therefore, this study aims to review the literature on the characteristics of pain in patients with PD.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted following MOOSE recommendations. Observational studies reporting pain in patients with PD were included. No time restrictions were applied, but studies in Portuguese, Spanish, and English were considered. The search was performed in PubMed®, LILACS, and SciELO databases.

Results

Twenty‐six articles of observational studies were identified, reporting an average pain prevalence of 67.36%, emphasizing the significance of this symptom in the PD population. Pain was reported in various body regions, including lower limbs, upper limbs, lumbar spine, cervical spine, and other joints. Pain classification varied, encompassing musculoskeletal pain, PD‐related pain, neuropathic pain, and dystonic pain, among others.

Discussion

Pain in patients with PD is a prevalent and multifactorial condition, significantly impacting patients' quality of life.

Conclusion

Heterogeneity in data across included studies was observed, highlighting the need for additional research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of pain in patients with PD and develop effective therapeutic strategies to address this symptom and improve the quality of life for individuals living with the disease.
Gesture imitation performance in community‐dwelling older people: assessment of a gesture imitation task in the screening and diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and dementia
Authors: Takasaki Akihiro , Hashimoto Mamoru , Fukuhara Ryuji , Sakuta Shizuka , Koyama Asuka , Ishikawa Tomohisa , Boku Shuken , Ikeda Manabu , Takebayashi Minoru
Published: January 2024

Background

Gesture imitation, a simple tool for assessing visuospatial/visuoconstructive functions, is reportedly useful for screening and diagnosing dementia. However, gesture imitation performance in healthy older adults is largely unknown, as are the factors associated with lower performance. To address these unknowns, we examined the gesture imitation performance of a large number of community‐dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years in Arao City, Kumamoto Prefecture (southern Japan).

Methods

The examiner presented the participants with eight gesture patterns and considered it a success if they could imitate them within 10 s. The success rate of each gesture imitation was calculated for three diagnostic groups: cognitively normal (CN) (n = 1184), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 237), and dementia (n = 47). Next, we reorganised the original gesture imitation battery by combining six selected gestures with the following scoring method: if the participants successfully imitated the gestures, immediately or within 5 s, two points were assigned. If they succeeded within 5–10 s, one point was assigned. The sensitivity and specificity of the battery were investigated to detect the dementia and MCI groups. Factors associated with gesture imitation battery scores were examined.

Results

Except one complex gesture, the success rate of imitation in the CN group was high, approximately 90%. The sensitivity and specificity of the gesture imitation battery for discriminating between the dementia and CN groups and between the MCI and CN groups were 70%/88%, and 45%/75%, respectively. Ageing, male sex, and a diagnosis of dementia or MCI were associated with lower scores on the gesture imitation battery.

Conclusion

Gesture imitation tasks alone may not be sufficient to detect MCI. However, by combining gestures with set time limits, gesture imitation tasks can be a low‐burden and effective method for detecting dementia, even in community medicine, such as during health check‐ups.
Crisis? What crisis? Social policy when crises are and are not crises in Czechia, Hungary and Slovakia
Authors: Saxonberg Steven , Sirovátka Tomáš , Csudai Eduard
Published: January 2024

In this article, we analyse how different governments have dealt with situations, labelled as ‘crises’ in the international and national discourses. More specifically, we analyse how the Czech, Hungarian and Slovak governments framed and dealt with their social policies during the 2008 ‘financial crisis’, the 2015 ‘refugee crisis’, and the 2020 ‘Covid crisis’. We argue that sometimes governments and the mass media frame the situation as a crisis, when objectively it would be hard to argue empirically that there really was a crisis. At other times, according to objective criteria, there is ample evidence that there is indeed a crisis, but the government tries to deny it for political reasons. Despite differences in objective conditions and differences in political constellations, none of the policymakers in the three countries took advantage of the windows of opportunity that the alleged crises presented to carry out path‐changing social policy? changes. Instead, the changes we rather small and usually only temporary; thus, showing the importance of path dependency even during crisis situations.
Understanding volcanic margin evolution through the lens of Norway's youngest granite
Authors: Gernigon Laurent , Knies Jochen , Schönenberger Jasmin , Piraquive Alejandro , van der Lelij Roelant , Huyskens Magdalena H. , Planke Sverre , Berndt Christian , Jones Morgan , Millett John M. , Mohn Geoffroy , Alvarez Zarikian Carlos A.
Published: January 2024

Three boreholes drilled during the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 396 have yielded unexpected findings of altered granitic rocks covered by basalt flows, interbedded sediments and glacial mud near the continent‐ocean transition of the mid‐Norwegian margin. U‐Pb and K‐Ar geochronological analyses were conducted on both protolithic and authigenically formed K‐bearing minerals to determine the age of granite crystallisation and subsequent alteration episodes. The granite's crystallisation age based on 104 zircons is 56.3 ± 0.2 Ma, and subsequent exhumation along with alteration/weathering events took place between 54.7 ± 1 and 37.1 ± 1 Ma. This intrusion represents the youngest granite discovered in Norway and intruded at an extremely shallow crustal level before a rapid rift‐to‐drift transition. The shallow emplacement of granitic rock and its fast exhumation before and during the onset of volcanism holds significant implications for the syn‐ and post‐breakup tectonic evolution of volcanic margins.
Women, Art, Freedom
Authors: Karimi Pamela
Published: January 2024

Women, Art, Freedom offers an insightful look at the 2022 Woman, Life, Freedom uprising in Iran, ignited by Mahsa Jina Amini’s murder under the “morality police” for violating hijab rules. Beyond its feminist undertones and the remarkable courage of the young protesters, what sets this uprising apart from previous ones is the abundant and diverse art it has inspired. This book, rather than merely analyzing the artworks that garnered attention on social media platforms, brings to light lesser-known grassroots artistic movements that played a crucial role within their immediate local communities. Engaging with primarily Iran-based artists, the book uncovers the role artists played in shaping guerrilla interventions and street occupations and in articulating distinct forms of peaceful civil disobedience. In addition, by drawing on a broad spectrum of historical and theoretical sources, this book further reveals the origins and inspirations of Iran’s protest art. Finally, focusing mainly on the interconnections between the public sphere, women’s bodies, and feminist viewpoints, Women, Art, Freedom underscores the vital role of artists in championing global justice and equality.
Almost strict domination and anti‐de Sitter 3‐manifolds
Authors: Sagman Nathaniel
Published: January 2024

We define a condition called almost strict domination for pairs of representations , , where is the isometry group of a Hadamard manifold, and prove that it holds if and only if one can find a ‐equivariant spacelike maximal surface in a certain pseudo‐Riemannian manifold, unique up to fixing some parameters. The proof amounts to setting up and solving an interesting variational problem that involves infinite energy harmonic maps. Adapting a construction of Tholozan, we construct all such representations and parametrise the deformation space. When , an almost strictly dominating pair is equivalent to the data of an anti‐de Sitter 3‐manifold with specific properties. The results on maximal surfaces provide a parametrisation of the deformation space of such 3‐manifolds as a union of components in a relative representation variety.
Some rational homology computations for diffeomorphisms of odd‐dimensional manifolds
Authors: Ebert Johannes , Reinhold Jens
Published: January 2024

We calculate the rational cohomology of the classifying space of the diffeomorphism group of the manifolds , for large and , up to degree . The answer is that it is a free graded commutative algebra on an appropriate set of Miller–Morita–Mumford classes. Our proof goes through the classical three‐step procedure: (a) compute the cohomology of the homotopy automorphisms, (b) use surgery to compare this to block diffeomorphisms, and (c) use pseudoisotopy theory and algebraic ‐theory to get at actual diffeomorphism groups.
Revenue Requirements Method for Assessing the Cost Impact of Fuel Cladding Corrosion in a Supercritical Water-Cooled Small Modular Reactor: A Methodological Review on Life Cycle Costing Corrosion
Authors: Mendoza España Alberto D'Ansi
Published: January 2024

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL) is collaborating in the Joint European Canadian Chinese Development of Small Modular Reactor Technology (ECC-SMART) project to understand the corrosion behavior of the most promising candidate materials for a future supercritical water-cooled – small modular reactor (SCW-SMR). To support this aim and the project's requirements, the present study develops a costing method for assessing the impact of corrosion in a power generation cost model. This cost model builds on a methodological study of various corrosion engineering economics topics in nuclear power generation, such as the expected fuel cladding corrosion phenomena in a supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR) concept and estimating the main corrosion costs categories. This understanding is incorporated in a power generation cost model that applies the revenue requirements approach to life cycle costing (LCC). The LCC includes the main corrosion cost categories and a reliability factor used in assessing power generation costs, the costing of chemical species for controlling corrosion, and the present worth of revenue requirements. The method and model, therefore, provide a framework for understanding the kind of information available and needed for taking economical preventative corrosion measures for the current generation of water-cooled reactors and advanced reactors, such as the SCWR.
Validation of a Common Content Knowledge Test for Hiking and Camping
Authors: Bilgiç Mert , Uğurlu Alkan , Devrilmez Erhan , Dervent Fatih , Ward Phillip
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable hiking and camping common content knowledge test for Turkish preservice physical education teachers. Method: Participants were 305 physical education students who had previously completed hiking and camping content course in Physical Education Teacher Education. The researchers followed five steps to develop the test. The Rasch model was utilized for data analysis. Results: Findings showed a good item model fit for all items, except Item 4. Results also indicated that the developed test had high internal consistency for both item difficulty and person ability. Overall, the test findings demonstrated good evidence to support the validity and reliability of hiking and camping common content knowledge test. Discussion/Conclusion: The developed test can be used for measuring hiking and camping knowledge level of physical education teachers and Physical Education Teacher Education students.
Targeting prostate tumor low–molecular weight tyrosine phosphatase for oxidation-sensitizing therapy
Authors: Stanford Stephanie M. , Nguyen Tiffany P. , Chang Joseph , Zhao Zixuan , Hackman G. Lavender , Santelli Eugenio , Sanders Colton M. , Katiki Madhusudhanarao , Dondossola Eleonora , Brauer Brooke L. , Diaz Michael A. , Zhan Yuan , Ramsey Sterling H. , Watson Philip A. , Sankaran Banumathi , Paindelli Claudia , Parietti Vanessa , Mikos Antonios G. , Lodi Alessia , Bagrodia Aditya , Elliott Andrew , McKay Rana R. , Murali Ramachandran , Tiziani Stefano , Kettenbach Arminja N. , Bottini Nunzio
Published: January 2024

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play major roles in cancer and are emerging as therapeutic targets. Recent reports suggest low–molecular weight PTP (LMPTP)—encoded by the
ACP1
gene—is overexpressed in prostate tumors. We found
ACP1
up-regulated in human prostate tumors and
ACP1
expression inversely correlated with overall survival. Using CRISPR-Cas9–generated LMPTP knockout C4-2B and MyC-CaP cells, we identified LMPTP as a critical promoter of prostate cancer (PCa) growth and bone metastasis. Through metabolomics, we found that LMPTP promotes PCa cell glutathione synthesis by dephosphorylating glutathione synthetase on inhibitory Tyr
270
. PCa cells lacking LMPTP showed reduced glutathione, enhanced activation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2–mediated stress response, and enhanced reactive oxygen species after exposure to taxane drugs. LMPTP inhibition slowed primary and bone metastatic prostate tumor growth in mice. These findings reveal a role for LMPTP as a critical promoter of PCa growth and metastasis and validate LMPTP inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for treating PCa through sensitization to oxidative stress.
Rope making in the Aurignacian of Central Europe more than 35,000 years ago
Authors: Conard Nicholas J. , Rots Veerle
Published: January 2024

Evidence for the manufacture and use of fiber technology such as rope and twine is rare in the Paleolithic, despite the widely held view that such artifacts were in regular use during the Pleistocene. On the basis of the discovery of a more than 35,000-year-old perforated baton made from mammoth ivory at Hohle Fels Cave in Ach Valley of southwestern Germany together with experimental studies, we are now able to demonstrate one way people of the early Upper Paleolithic manufactured rope. This work contributes to our understanding of the evolution of technology, cooperative work, and Paleolithic social organization.
Gamma oscillation plasticity is mediated via parvalbumin interneurons
Authors: Hadler Michael D. , Tzilivaki Alexandra , Schmitz Dietmar , Alle Henrik , Geiger Jörg R. P.
Published: January 2024

Understanding the plasticity of neuronal networks is an emerging field of (patho-) physiological research, yet the underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Gamma oscillations (30 to 80 hertz), a biomarker of cognitive performance, require and potentiate glutamatergic transmission onto parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVIs), suggesting an interface for cell-to-network plasticity. In ex vivo local field potential recordings, we demonstrate long-term potentiation of hippocampal gamma power. Gamma potentiation obeys established rules of PVI plasticity, requiring calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). A microcircuit computational model of CA3 gamma oscillations predicts CP-AMPAR plasticity onto PVIs critically outperforms pyramidal cell plasticity in increasing gamma power and completely accounts for gamma potentiation. We reaffirm this ex vivo in three PVI-targeting animal models, demonstrating that gamma potentiation requires PVI-specific signaling via a Gq

/PKC pathway comprising mGluR5 and a Gi-sensitive, PKA-dependent pathway. Gamma activity–dependent, metabotropically mediated CP-AMPAR plasticity on PVIs may serve as a guiding principle in understanding network plasticity in health and disease.
Folate depletion induces erythroid differentiation through perturbation of de novo purine synthesis
Authors: Maynard Adam G. , Pohl Nancy K. , Mueller Annabel P. , Petrova Boryana , Wong Alan Y. L. , Wang Peng , Culhane Andrew J. , Brook Jeannette R. , Hirsch Leah M. , Hoang Ngoc , Kirkland Orville , Braun Tatum , Ducamp Sarah , Fleming Mark D. , Li Hojun , Kanarek Naama
Published: January 2024

Folate, an essential vitamin, is a one-carbon acceptor and donor in key metabolic reactions. Erythroid cells harbor a unique sensitivity to folate deprivation, as revealed by the primary pathological manifestation of nutritional folate deprivation: megaloblastic anemia. To study this metabolic sensitivity, we applied mild folate depletion to human and mouse erythroid cell lines and primary murine erythroid progenitors. We show that folate depletion induces early blockade of purine synthesis and accumulation of the purine synthesis intermediate and signaling molecule, 5′-phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR), followed by enhanced heme metabolism, hemoglobin synthesis, and erythroid differentiation. This is phenocopied by inhibition of folate metabolism using the inhibitor SHIN1, and by AICAR supplementation. Mechanistically, the metabolically driven differentiation is independent of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and adenosine 5′-monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) and is instead mediated by protein kinase C. Our findings suggest that folate deprivation–induced premature differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells is a molecular etiology to folate deficiency–induced anemia.
3D-printed digital pneumatic logic for the control of soft robotic actuators
Authors: Conrad S. , Teichmann J. , Auth P. , Knorr N. , Ulrich K. , Bellin D. , Speck T. , Tauber F. J.
Published: January 2024

Soft robots are paving their way to catch up with the application range of metal-based machines and to occupy fields that are challenging for traditional machines. Pneumatic actuators play an important role in this development, allowing the construction of bioinspired motion systems. Pneumatic logic gates provide a powerful alternative for controlling pressure-activated soft robots, which are often controlled by metallic valves and electric circuits. Many existing approaches for fully compliant pneumatic control logic suffer from high manual effort and low pressure tolerance. In our work, we invented three-dimensional (3D) printable, pneumatic logic gates that perform Boolean operations and imitate electric circuits. Within 7 hours, a filament printer is able to produce a module that serves as an OR, AND, or NOT gate; the logic function is defined by the assigned input signals. The gate contains two alternately acting pneumatic valves, whose work principle is based on the interaction of pressurized chambers and a 3D-printed 1-millimeter tube inside. The gate design does not require any kind of support material for its hollow parts, which makes the modules ready to use directly after printing. Depending on the chosen material, the modules can operate on a pressure supply between 80 and more than 750 kilopascals. The capabilities of the invented gates were verified by implementing an electronics-free drink dispenser based on a pneumatic ring oscillator and a 1-bit memory. Their high compliance is demonstrated by driving a car over a fully flexible, 3D-printed robotic walker controlled by an integrated circuit.
What will robots think of us?
Authors: Murphy Robin R.
Published: January 2024

Two recent science fiction novels humorously illustrate the importance of correct robot mental models.
BGLF4 kinase regulates the formation of the EBV cytoplasmic assembly compartment and the recruitment of cellular IQGAP1 for virion release
Authors: Dai Yu-Ching , Yeh Szu-Yun , Cheng Yi-Ying , Huang Wei-Han , Liou Gunn-Guang , Yang Tsung-Yu , Chang Chao-Yuan , Fang Tien-Fang , Chang Chou-Wei , Su Mei-Tzu , Lee Chung-Pei , Chen Mei-Ru
Published: January 2024

EBV genome is replicated and encapsidated in the nucleus, and the resultant nucleocapsids are translocated to the cytoplasm for subsequent virion maturation. We show that a cytoplasmic AC, containing viral proteins, markers of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and endosomes, is formed in the juxtanuclear region of epithelial and B cells during EBV reactivation. The viral BGLF4 kinase contributes to the formation of the AC. The cellular protein IQGAP1 is also recruited to the AC and partially co-localizes with the virus capsid protein BcLF1 and tegument protein BBLF1 in EBV-reactivated cells, dependent on the BGLF4-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement. In addition, virion release was attenuated in IQGAP1-knockdown epithelial and B cells after reactivation, suggesting that IQGAP1-mediated trafficking may regulate the efficiency of virus maturation and release.
Dissecting 20 million years of deep-water forearc sediment routing using an integrated basin-wide Bayesian chronostratigraphic framework
Authors: Coutts Daniel , Hubbard Stephen , Englert Rebecca , Ward Peter , Matthews William
Published: January 2024

Sedimentary deposits along convergent margins contain a record of sediment transfer and coupled tectonic processes. Deciphering the evolution of ancient convergent margins, both spatially and temporally, is challenging as their stratigraphic successions are often locally deformed, which makes it difficult to correlate stratigraphic units over large distances, and they may have limited age constraints. Here, we construct a novel Bayesian chronostratigraphic framework for Late Cretaceous–Paleocene units of the Nanaimo forearc basin in western British Columbia, Canada, which reveals unparalleled detail into long-term sedimentation processes along an active deep-water margin. The Upper Nanaimo Group outcrop belt features ~2000 m of forearc basin fill that includes the deposits of multiple submarine channel systems along a 160-km-long depositional strike-oriented cross section of the ancient continental margin. The age and longevity of individual slope-channel systems was determined by constructing a Bayesian Monte Carlo numerical model in which biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic measurements were used to further constrain 37 detrital zircon maximum depositional ages. Important context for the refined maximum depositional ages is provided by a detailed stratigraphic dataset composed of 2199 m of measured stratigraphic section and 4207 paleoflow measurements, which demonstrate the facies, architecture, distribution, and orientation of 12 slope-channel systems. In combination, our results reconstruct the spatio-temporal evolution of coarse-grained, deep-water sediment routing along the paleo-margin and enable the timing of sedimentation to be compared with hinterland and forearc processes. Our integrative approach demonstrates that submarine channel-system deposits of the upper Nanaimo Group cluster into three long-lived fairways (8–18 m.y.), each of which has a unique depositional history. Along-strike variations in the timing of sediment routing, channel-system architecture, and channel-system orientation are interpreted to be driven by local subsidence, magmatism, and subduction-related processes. We show, for the first time, how Bayesian age models can be applied at a basin-scale to produce robust chronostratigraphic frameworks for deciphering basin evolution that provide valuable insight into long-term geodynamic processes.
Supplemental Material: Carboniferous to Triassic polyphase tectonic transition in the western North China craton: A retroarc basin response to termination of the middle segment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean
Authors: Sun Jiaopeng , et al.
Published: January 2024

Provenance data of Carboniferous and Permian sandstones from the Helanshan tectonic belt and surroundings.
Stepwise genetic approach for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia in highly consanguineous populations
Authors: Gatt Dvir , Golan Tripto Inbal , Levanon Eran , Arwas Noga , Hazan Guy , Alkrinawi Soliman , Goldbart Aviv D , Aviram Micha
Published: January 2024

Background

The American Thoracic Society guidelines for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) consider the presence of a bi-allelic pathogenic variant confirmatory for the diagnosis of PCD, with genetic testing recommended when other confirmatory diagnostic tests are less accessible. We present our experience with genetic testing as first line with a proposed algorithm for high consanguinity populations.

Methods

Patients with a suspected diagnosis of PCD underwent genetic testing according to a diagnostic algorithm composed of three steps: (1) patients with a previously known causative familial/Bedouin tribal pathogenic variant completed direct testing for a single variant; (2) if the initial test was negative or there was no known pathogenic variant, a PCD genetic panel was completed; (3) if the panel was negative, whole exome sequencing (WES) was completed.

Results

Since the implementation of the protocol, diagnosis was confirmed by genetic testing in 21 patients. The majority of them were of Bedouin origin (81%) and had a positive history of consanguinity (65%). Nine patients (43%) had a sibling with a confirmed diagnosis. Most patients (15/21, 71%) were diagnosed by direct pathogenic variant testing and the remainder by genetic panel (19%) and WES (10%). Disease-causing variants were found in nine genes, withDNAL1(24%) andDNAAF3,DNAAF5,ZMYND10(14% each) as the most prevalent ones.

Conclusions

In highly consanguineous regions, a stepwise genetic testing approach is recommended. This approach may be particularly useful in areas where the ability to obtain confirmatory diagnostic tests through other modalities is less accessible.