bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The phenolic components extracted from mulberry fruits as bioactive compounds against cancer: A review
Authors: Wani Mohd Younus , Ganie N. A. , Wani D. M. , Wani Ab Waheed , Dar S. Q. , Khan Afzal Husain , A Khan Nadeem , Manzar Mohammad Saood , Dehghani Mohammad Hadi
Published: January 2023

In Asia, mulberry has long been used to treat various infectious and internal ailments as a traditional medication. The compounds found in it have the potential to improve human health. Because there is no approved and defined evaluation procedure, it has not been formally or scientifically recognized. As a result of these investigations, a new frontier in traditional Chinese medicine has opened up, with the possibility of modernization, for the interaction between active components of mulberry and their biological activities. These studies have used current biotechnological technologies. For ages, mulberry has been used as an herbal remedy in Asia to cure various diseases and internal disorders. It has a high concentration of bioactive chemicals that benefit human health. The most abundant phenolic components extracted from white mulberry leaves are flavonoids (Kuwanons, Moracinflavans, Moragrols, and Morkotins), phenolic acids, alkaloids, and so forth. Flavonoids, benzofurans, chalcones, and alkaloids have been discovered to have cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines. There is growing evidence that mulberry fruits can potentially prevent cancer and other aging‐related disorders due to their high concentration of bioactive polyphenolic‐rich compounds and macro and micronutrients. Anthocyanins are rapidly absorbed after eating, arriving in the plasmalemma within 15–50 min and entirely removed after 6–8 hr. Due to a lack of an approved and consistent technique for its examination, it has yet to be formally or scientifically recognized. The mulberry plant is commercially grown for silkworm rearing, and less attention is paid to its bioactive molecules, which have a lot of applications in human health. This review paper discusses the phenolic compounds of white mulberry and black mulberry in detail concerning their role in cancer prevention.
A conceptual model for a generalized canopy parametrization for atmospheric models
Authors: Cheng Ge , Schlünzen K. Heinke
Published: January 2023

The forest canopy and the urban canopy are the two vertically most extended canopies and have a great influence on boundary‐layer processes. Many studies in the past have analyzed and discussed forest canopy effects (FCEs) and urban canopy effects (UCEs) on aerodynamics, thermodynamics, hydrology, and air quality individually. Few studies have compared them. To better understand to what extent FCEs differ from UCEs, this study carries out a qualitative assessment of FCEs and UCEs in comparison with grass‐covered surfaces. In addition, as canopy effects are represented in atmospheric models by employing canopy parametrizations, this study assesses the existing parametrizations with respect to their ability to consider the relevant canopy processes. For parametrizations being globally applicable and for multiple types of forest, urban, and forested urban canopies, it is desirable to treat both forest and urban canopies in models in a unified way. In this context, a conceptual model for a generalized canopy parametrization (GeCap) has been developed based on the assessments of this article. It focuses on the interactions between canopy characteristics, processes, and fluxes as they relate to canopy effects. GeCap can serve as a methodological framework for an integrated analysis of properties and dynamics of canopy systems and for the design of forested urban canopy parametrizations.
Accounting for the three‐dimensional nature of mountain waves: Parametrising partial critical‐level filtering
Authors: van Niekerk A. , Vosper S.B. , Teixeira M.A.C.
Published: January 2023

Gravity waves generated by mountains are multiscale and three‐dimensional. Current orographic gravity wave drag parametrisation schemes assume that the waves are two‐dimensional, varying only in the vertical and along one horizontal direction. These schemes, therefore, do not represent the process of partial critical‐level filtering, whereby a portion of the wave spectrum is saturated where the winds parallel to the wavevectors become small. This results in an unrealistic vertical distribution of the momentum flux and forcing of the waves on the mean flow. In this paper, a method of accounting for partial critical‐level filtering in an orographic gravity wave drag parametrisation using the full spectrum of realistic topography is presented. This is achieved through binning of the expression for linear hydrostatic surface stresses, computed using Fourier transforms of the subgrid orographic heights within model grid boxes, into wavevector directions. The parametrisation is compared with idealised nonlinear simulations of flow over complex topography and is shown to perform well as the number of wavevector direction bins is increased. Implementation of the scheme into the Met Office Unified Model is tested using short‐range 5‐day forecasts. As is found from idealised simulations, the binned scheme leads to less forcing in the troposphere and increased forcing in the stratosphere within the model. The binned scheme is shown to alleviate biases in the upper stratosphere, between 45 and 65 km, as well as having significant local effects in the troposphere.
Synthesis of Carbon Nitride Supported POM‐based IL for Deep Oxidative Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Yu Shanshan , Fan Ke , Wang Jian , Yang Biao , Peng Xuelian , Zhang Linfeng , Wu Huadong , Guo Jia
Published: January 2023

The organic cation methyl imidazolium 1‐(3‐sulfonic) propyl (MIMPs) and the polyoxometalate (H3PMo6W6O40) were combined to synthesis [MIMPs]3PMo6W6O40 successfully, which was loaded on graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4). The composite materials [MIMPs]3PMo6W6O40/g‐C3N4 catalysts were characterized by means of FT‐IR, XRD, TEM, XPS and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis (BET). Verified by various characterizations, synthesis and immobilization process could occur electron migration to improve the electronic and textural properties of [MIMPs]3PMo6W6O40/g‐C3N4 catalyst. At the optimal conditions of mcatalyst/VOil=0.1 g/10 mL, m[MIMPs]3PMo6W6O40: m[MIMPs]3PMo6W6O40/g‐C3N4=30 %, O/S=5 (molar ratio), the desulfurization rate reaches 100 % within 40 min. In addition, the concentration of aromatics had little effect on the reaction. Furthermore, the catalyst also shows high rate of desulfurization on real oil. The ODS reaction mechanism of this catalyst is also investigated.
Preparation of Cu‐W Nanoflakes and their Catalytic Performance for the Hydrogenation of 4‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Ning Yuxue , Guan Yawen , Song Wanyu , Zhang Fang , Chen Lihua , Chai Fang
Published: January 2023

4‐Nitrophenol (4‐NP) is one of the most common organic pollutants in industrial waste waters due to its solubility and toxicity. The catalytic degradation of 4‐NP to 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) is an economical and sustainable process, which transfers waste and toxicity to profitable materials. Fabricating metal nanoparticle based efficient heterogeneous catalysts is crucial to treating these kinds of pollutants. Here in, Cu−W nanoflakes (Cu−W NFs) with thin sheet like structure were prepared by a simple one‐pot method by using polyoxometalate as precursor. The Cu−W NFs served in hydrogenation of 4‐NP reaction as catalyst, achieved high conversion with rate constant (k) of 2.584×10−2 s−1. Notably, the sustainable catalyst Cu−W NFs exhibit no significant degradation of catalytic activity over 16 cycles, manifested good durability and high conversion (>91 %). Also, the reduction of potassium ferricyanide can also be catalyzed by Cu−W NFs with high efficiency. This work provided a concise approach for fabricating highly effective catalyst and was expected to be a potential universal method to obtain sustainable competitive catalyst for utility in treating pollution.
Solvothermal Synthesis of Spherical Alumina: Delving into the Formation Mechanism and Morphological Change with Phase Transformation
Authors: Bose Pallab , Hazra Chowdhury Arpita , Chakraborty Adwitiya , Hazra Chowdhury Ipsita , Kanti Naskar Milan
Published: January 2023

Spherical shaped mesoporous alumina was synthesized by a simple solvothermal process at 110 °C/24 h using aluminum nitrate as precursor in the presence of glycerol, diethyl ether and propanol followed by calcination at 900–1100 °C. The transformation of solid spherical γ‐Al2O3 at 900 °C into layered shell spherical α‐Al2O3 at 1000–1100 °C was governed by stepwise temperature gradient (ΔT) along the radial direction of interface with adhesion and contraction forces. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of γ‐Al2O3 at 900 °C and its conversion to α‐Al2O3 at 1000 °C. The N2 adsorption–desorption results showed BET surface area and average pore diameter of γ‐Al2O3 as 77.58 m2 g−1 and 3.7 nm, respectively. The particle size of alumina spheres was in the range of 1–3 μm as confirmed by FESEM and TEM studies. The HRTEM images indicated lattice spacing of 0.21 and 0.23 nm corresponding to γ‐Al2O3 with (400) plane and α‐Al2O3 with (110) plane, respectively. A tentative formation mechanism and the role of glycerol have been explained.
Tetragonal SnO2 Nanoparticles: An Efficient Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Hazardous Ionic Dyes
Authors: Sudapalli Aruna M. , Shimpi Navinchandra G.
Published: January 2023

An elegant approach was made to synthesize tetragonal shape SnO2 nanoparticles using solution combustion method and subjected to various characterization (X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV‐DRS), Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Raman spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms (BET), liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LCMS). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential (ZP), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X‐rays analysis (EDAX), and High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)). Further, the as‐synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles were used for the degradation study of hazardous ionic dyes like cationic dye Malachite green (MG) and anionic dye Rose Bengal (RB), as well as its binary mixture (MG+RB) under the sunlight. Overall, it was observed that MG and RB degraded 100 % (80 min) and 99 % (90 min), while the mixture of (MG+RB) showed 97.5 % (140 min), respectively. Overall study shows that the degradation rate of MG in a mixture of both the dyes was higher than RB due to a positively charged surface. The time taken for degradation MG was 10 min less than that of RB. The fast degradation of MG was due to the cationic nature having a positive charge over the surface with the negatively charged surface of SnO2 nanoparticles, which is entirely different in the case of anionic dye RB.
Design, Synthesis, Cytotoxic Effect Evaluation and Molecular Docking of (R)‐Camphor‐Based Thiazolidinone‐Isoxazole and Thiazolidinone‐1,2,3‐triazole Hybrids“
Authors: Ousidi Abdellah N'ait , Bimoussa Abdoullah , Loubidi Mohammed , Fawzi Mourad , Laamari Yassine , Oubella Ali , Maatallah Mohamed , Berteina‐Raboin Sabine , Auhmani Aziz , Taha Mohamed Labd , Morjani Hamid , Ait Itto Moulay Youssef
Published: January 2023

A variety of hybrid compounds, combining a camphor thiazolidinone skeleton with either 1,2,3‐triazole or isoxazole nucleus, have been synthesized from natural (R)‐camphor. Our efficient procedure consists in a transformation of the (R)‐camphor into the corresponding thiazolidin‐4‐one. The latter is then N‐alkylated with propargyl bromide before submitting the resulting product to 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions, with a series of nitrile oxides and arylazides respectively. The chemical structures of all the newly synthesized hybrids were established using (1H and 13C) NMR and HRMS analysis. Preliminary in‐vitro cytotoxic assays on three human cancer cell lines MCF‐7 (breast), A‐549 (prostate) and HT‐1080 (fibrosarcoma) were performed on all the compounds. The thiazolidinone‐1,2,3‐isoxazole hybrid 8 c was revealed to be the most active with IC50 values ranging from 11.62±4.52 μM to 16.92±1.22 μM against selected cancer cells. Molecular docking studies carried out on the three compounds 8 c, 9 a and 9 c, confirmed, as expected, that these compounds possess a great inhibition potential against BCl‐2 protein, Caspase‐3 and COX‐2 enzymes. The results showed that the selected compounds had a significant binding property which could lead to the development of novel BCl‐2, Caspase‐3 and −2 inhibitors with improved selectivity. Finally, an ADME study was applied and proved the promising activity of the new compounds as a new oral anti‐inflammatory agent.
Thermoinduced Metal‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer in Trinuclear Metal String Complex Ru2M(dpa)4Cl2 (M=Ni, Cu, dpa=Dipyridylamido)
Authors: Huang Pei‐Fang , Yang Hsueh‐Han , Cheng Ming‐Chuan , Peng Shie‐Ming , Chen I–Chia
Published: January 2023

The vibrational and electronic structures of diruthenium nickel and copper complexes [Ru2Ni(dpa)4Cl2]0,1+ and [Ru2Cu(dpa)4Cl2]0,1+ were studied by using temperature‐controlled Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In the neutral species, the Ru−Ru stretching mode νRu−Ru was assigned to the 333/325 cm−1 band for the diruthenium Ni/Cu complexes, and this band greatly red shifted to 317/321 cm−1 at high temperatures. In contrast, this νRu−Ru band showed no shift in the oxidized forms. The time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations yielded that these complexes in the neutral form, have [Ru2]5+[M]1+ cores with [Ru2] moiety configuration (π*)2(δ*)1 and two low‐lying electronic excited states with [Ru2]4+[M]2+ cores and [Ru2] configurations of (π*)2(δ*)2 and (π*)3(δ*)1, respectively. The significant red shift of νRu−Ru band was explained to thermally access to these two excited states which have [Ru2]4+ cores and weak Ru−Ru bonding. These two states were resulted from metal‐to‐metal intramolecular charge transfer processes from [Ru2]5+[Ni/Cu]1+ to [Ru2]4+[Ni/Cu]2+. This charge transfer reaction is prohibited in the oxidized form.
Investigation of TiO2 and SiO2 Filled Polybutadiene Composite Substrates and Their Dielectric Properties
Authors: Liu Yanling , Yang Zhengyi , Yang Jun , Li Enzhu , Tang Bin , Yuan Ying
Published: January 2023

Polybutadiene‐based (PB) composite substrates filled with TiO2 and SiO2 ceramics were fabricated in this work. The total content of ceramic components modified by vinyltrimethoxysilane (A171) was fixed at 80 wt.% with TiO2 amount varying from zero to 8 wt.%. The differences of characteristics of ceramic fillers before and after surface modification were analyzed comprehensively and the treated ceramic fillers were uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. The effects of TiO2 filler addition on the performances of SiO2/PB composite substrates, such as microstructure, moisture absorption, dielectric and thermal properties were also systematically studied. The composite filled with 4 wt.% TiO2 and 76 wt.% SiO2 exhibited excellent dielectric properties with proper dielectric constant (ϵr=3.2), ultra‐low dielectric loss (tanδ=0.0017) at 10 GHz and a near‐zero τϵ (0.5 ppm/°C) was obtained at filler content of 8 wt.% TiO2 and 72 wt.% SiO2.
Allylic and Retro‐Allylic Rearrangements upon Bromination of 8,9‐Substituted 4,4,6‐Trimethyl‐4H‐Pyrrolo[3,2,1‐ij]Quinoline‐1,2‐Diones. New Aspects and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Novichikhina Nadezhda P. , Pantykina Diana A. , Shestakov Alexander S. , Potapov Andrey Yu. , Ledenyova Irina V. , Kuznetsov Mikhail A. , Shikhaliev Khidmet S.
Published: January 2023

Bromination of 4,4,6‐trimethyl‐4H‐pyrrolo[3,2,1‐ij]quinoline‐1,2‐diones containing an allylic moiety withN‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) in carbon tetrachloride in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and in DMF solution were studied. When using an equimolar amount of NBS in the BPO‐CCl4system, the reaction proceeds regioselectively and standardly at the methyl group at position 6 with the formation of 6‐bromomethylene derivatives. In the NBS‐DMF system, monobromination proceeds at position 5 with the migration of a multiple bond by the allylic rearrangement. With a twofold excess of NBS, in both cases a (Z)‐5‐bromo‐6‐bromomethylene derivative is formed. The 5‐monobromine isomers undergo retro‐allylic rearrangement inN‐ andS‐alkylation reactions, resulting exclusively in 6‐N‐alkyl and 6‐S‐alkyl derivatives, respectively. Similar products are formed by the same reactions with the use of 6‐bromomethylene derivatives.
Synthesis and Bio‐evaluation of GR135486X Derivatives as Potent Anti‐Tubercular Agents
Authors: Sangu Komal G. , Dasugari varakala Saiprasad , Krishna Eruva Vamshi , Akhir Abdul , Saxena Deepanshi , Ahmad Mohammad Naiyaz , Chopra Sidharth , Misra Sunil , Sriram Dharmarajan , Rode Haridas B.
Published: January 2023

The anilinopyridine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The detail SAR study was carried out using various analogues including positional isomers. The screening data revealed that the free −NH2 on pyridine ring is crucial for antitubercular activity. The current study identified three promising leads 16 e, 16 i and 16 o with MIC 3.1, 3.1 and 1.2 μM, respectively. Important to note that the compound 16 o showed excellent selectivity index of 135.58 when its antitubercular activity was compared with the inhibition of CHO−K1 cells. The other notable compounds were 16 b, 16 d, 16 e, 16 f, 16 g, 16 h, 16 i, 16 l and 16 q which exhibited anti‐TB activity with MIC ≤25 μM. Interestingly, compounds 16 e, 16 i and 16 o did not show inhibition of bacterial pathogen panel indicating the selectivity of this class of compounds towards Mtb. Furthermore, physico‐chemical and ADMET properties of the synthesized derivatives were studied. The compounds fulfill the criteria of Lipinski's rule of five for drug‐likeness.
Antileukemia and Anticolorectal Cancer Activity of Janus Dendrimer Conjugates with Naproxen and Ibuprofen
Authors: Castillo‐Rodríguez Irving Osiel , Hernández‐Alducin Pablo Abraham , Pedro‐Hernández Luis Daniel , Barajas‐Mendoza Israel , Ramírez‐Ápan Teresa , Martínez‐García Marcos
Published: January 2023

The synthesis of a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory dendritic drug carrier, naproxen and ibuprofen‐based poly‐ester Janus dendrimer was carried out using a conventional azide‐alkyne click‐chemistry reaction. The corresponding dendron linkers contain naproxen and ibuprofen drug moieties on the surface and a stable [1,2,3]‐triazole as focal nucleus. The Janus dendrimer conjugate with four naproxen in one face and four ibuprofen on the other face was very active against human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K‐562) and human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT‐15) cells compared with cisplatin. This design provided an effective pathway for the synthesis of multiple drug carriers with two or more different end drugs in the structure.
Applications of Phenyliodine(III)diacetate in C−H Functionalization and Hetero‐Hetero Bond Formations: A Septennial Update
Authors: Vittal Seema , Mujahid Alam Mohammed , Hussien Mohamed , Amanullah Mohammed , Pisal Parshuram M. , Ravi Varala
Published: January 2023

One of the most widely utilized hypervalent iodines used as an oxidizing agent in organic chemistry is (diacetoxyiodo)benzene (PhI(OAc)2), also known as (DAIB), phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA). In this review, authors have comprehensively and systematically presented the various applications of PIDA in organic synthesis involving C−C, C‐hetero, hetero‐hetero and multiple bond forms from the summer of 2015 to the present. The role of PIDA was also emphasized for the success of particular organic transformation. Recent literature has produced a substantial number of publications (∼100), and this septennial review examines all of the most recent breakthroughs in the field of study.
The Practice of Attestation Primary Reference Samples on the Example of a New Potential Analgesic Agent – 2‐({[4‐Nitrophenyl] imino}(phenyl)methyl)isoindoline‐1,3‐dione
Authors: Trukhanova Yulia A. , Terninko Inna I. , Spiridonova Dar'ya V. , Generalova Yulia E. , Ermachenkov Roman , Alekseeva Galina M. , Kuvaeva Elena V. , Yakovlev Igor P.
Published: January 2023

Attestation of primary reference standard of a potential analgesic agent ‐ 2‐({[4‐nitrophenyl]imino}(phenyl)methyl)isoindoline‐1,3‐dione (TJ‐8_215) for the purpose of further use of this sample in the development and validation of analytical techniques, as well as for routine quality control of the substance TJ‐8_215 in extended preclinical studies. To calculate the attested value and its combined uncertainty by the mass balance method, the analysis of the substance TJ‐8_215 was carried out according to such indicators as authenticity (X‐ray, NMR, ESI‐MS, IR), related impurities (HPLC), residual organic solvents (GC), water, chlorides, metal impurities (AES). Kjeldahl titration and NMR spectroscopy were used as comparison methods to assess the quantitative content. The equivalence of the obtained results was proved and the attested value of the measured value calculated by the mass balance method was assigned, which was 99.6±0.3 %.
Mechanistic Exploration of Umpolung Guided Stetter‐Aldol Reaction and Its Dependence on the Choice of Imine
Authors: Barman Debabrata , Lo Rabindranath , Maiti Dilip K. , Manna Debashree , Ghosh Tapas
Published: January 2023

NHC‐catalyzed Stetter‐aldol reaction for the synthesis of hydroxyindanone takes place via umpolung reactions of phthalaldehyde followed by intramolecular aldol reaction when N‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl (Boc) imine is used and this leads to the formation of [4+1] annulation product. However, this mechanism doesn't follow similar sequence in case of N‐tosyl‐α,β‐unsaturated ketimine and [4+2]‐annulation product is found as the sole product for the latter case through formation of aza‐“Berslow intermediate”. In this study we have used state of the art computational techniques to find out the possible reason for the difference in product and the detailed mechanistic pathway for the above two reactions. Thus, we explain the mechanism for obtaining the selective annulation product ([4+1] vs [4+2]) that can help chemists to design and synthesize a new series of compounds.
A Catalyst‐ and Solvent‐ Free Synthesis of Tetra‐Substituted Pyrroles by Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Pavithra Thangavel , Rajkumar Deepan Babu , Gnanaoli Karthiyayini , Sunil Gowda Sunnaghatta Nagaraja , Devipriya Nagarajan , Maheswari C. Uma
Published: January 2023

A facile, catalyst‐ and solvent‐ free, three‐component reaction was developed for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrroles at room temperature and under white light. The reaction proceeds via enamine formation between primary amines with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds followed by Michael addition with β‐nitro styrene and subsequent intramolecular cyclization and aromatization to yield 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted pyrroles in good to excellent yields. Further, the present strategy is highly atom‐economical and environmentally benign. The preliminary in vitro cytotoxic studies on a set of compounds were performed against Hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and one of the compounds 4 ac showed significant activity with an IC50 value of 17.82 μM.
Bio‐Derived Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Metal Sensing and DNA Binding Applications
Authors: Daphne Jacinth Gracia K. , Sheeba Thavamani S. , Peter Amaladhas T.
Published: January 2023

Tunable optical and electronic properties of the fluorescent carbon dots have drawn significant research interests over the years mainly owing to their sensing and photocatalytic applications. In this work, highly fluorescent nitrogen doped carbon dots [N−CDs] have been synthesised from Quercus infectoria via hydrothermal treatment. The structural, optical properties and the surface functionalities of the synthesised N−CDs are analysed with the help of various analytical techniques. The spherical shaped N−CDs exhibit an average particle size of 5 nm. Dual turn‐on‐off fluorescent sensors have been developed to sense Fe(III) and cysteine with detection limit of 1.88×10−8 M and 7.8×10−5 M respectively. The synthesised N−CDs exhibited excellent sensitivity in the in vitro detection of Fe(III) in ferric citrate supplements with a detection limit of 1.43×10−7 M. Interaction between ct‐DNA and N−CDs with a binding constant of 1.32 (mg/mL)−1 indicates its potency in designing drugs. The fluorescent nature of the N−CDs envisions its application to image SKMEL cells and L6 cells. This work may be extended for the use of N−CDs for diverse applications including in vivo sensing.
Zn‐Incorporated Titanium Substrates with High Antibacterial Activity and Consecutive Release of Zinc
Authors: Lin Xing , Jin Kaihao , He Liyin , Zhi Hongfeng , Ying Yunhui , Wang Xiao , Wu Yinqiu , Zhang Jianfeng
Published: January 2023

In this work, Zn‐incorporated titanium substrate with nano network structures was built, and its antibacterial activity against the gram positive and negative bacteria was tested. Ti plate was successively treated by hot alkaline, Zn2+ion‐exchange, and ZnO nanoparticles deposit, where alkaline treated Ti plate (NTi), Zn2+exchanged Ti plate (NZTi), Zn2+/ZnO incorporated Ti plate (NZZTi) were correspondingly generated. ForEscherichia coli, the antibacterial percentage of NZTi and NZZTi after 24 h was 99.86 % and 99.98 %, while it was 99.95 % and 100 % forStaphylococcus aureus, respectively. The result disclosed that NZZTi have a bit better antibacterial activity than NZTi, which indicates that Zn2+shows fabulous antibacteria activity and the presence of ZnOnps can contribute the antibacterial ability of Ti plates, which agrees with result of NZZTi‐Cup antibacterial effect. The release tests of Zn2+after 8 days from NZZTi‐Cup disclosed that Zn‐incorporated Ti plate could consecutively release trace Zn ions.
Base‐Mediated N‐Acetylation of Anilines/Amines: Nitriles as a Surrogate of the Acetyl Group
Authors: Kumar Saurav , Agasti Nityananda , Singh Gajendra , Kumar Anil
Published: January 2023

A base‐mediated protocol has been established for the N‐acetylation of anilines/amines at room temperature. Reaction utilizes acetonitrile as a solvent as well as a surrogate of the acetyl group. Apart from acetonitrile, trifluoroacetonitrile could also be utilized in the reaction. The advantages of the reactions are simple operation, transition‐metal‐free approach, short reaction time, high functional group tolerance, and gram‐scale synthesis, which show the reaction‘s utility. The developed strategy represents a valuable approach in synthetic organic chemistry.
Macrophage Polarization Induced by Bacteria‐Responsive Antibiotic‐Loaded Nanozymes for Multidrug Resistance‐Bacterial Infections Management
Authors: Zhu Xufeng , Guo Jiaqi , Yang Yonglan , Liu Jie
Published: January 2023

Inherited bacterial resistance and biofilm‐induced local immune inactivation are important factors in the failure of antibiotics to fight against bacterial infections. Herein, antibiotic‐loaded mesoporous nanozymes (HA@MRuO2‐Cip/GOx) are fabricated for overcoming bacterial resistance, and activating the local immunosuppression in biofilm microenvironment (BME). HA@MRuO2‐Cip/GOx are prepared by physical adsorption between ciprofloxacin (Cip) or glucose oxidase (GOx) and MRuO2 NPs, and modified with hyaluronic acid (HA). In vitro, HA@MRuO2‐Cip/GOx cleaves extracellular DNA (eDNA) to disrupt biofilm, thereby enhancing Cip kill planktonic bacteria. Furthermore, HA@MRuO2‐Cip/GOx can induce polarization and enhance phagocytosis of a macrophage‐derived cell line. More importantly, in vivo therapeutic performance confirms that HA@MRuO2‐Cip/GOx can trigger macrophage‐related immunity, and effectively alleviate MRSA‐bacterial lung infections. Accordingly, nanocatalytic therapy combined with targeted delivery of antibiotics could enhance the treatment of bacterial infections.
Extracellular Vesicles as Delivery Shippers for Noncoding RNA‐Based Modulation of Angiogenesis: Insights from Ischemic Stroke and Cancer
Authors: Pan Yongli , Liu Yuheng , Wei Wei , Yang Xinyu , Wang Zengguang , Xin Wenqiang
Published: January 2023

Ischemic stroke and systemic cancer are two of the leading causes of mortality. Hypoxia is a central pathophysiological component in ischemic stroke and cancer, representing a joint medical function. This function includes angiogenesis regulation. Vascular remodeling coupled with axonal outgrowth following cerebral ischemia is critical in improving poststroke neurological functional recovery. Antiangiogenic strategies can inhibit cancer vascularization and play a vital role in impeding cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Although there are significant differences in the cause of angiogenesis across both pathophysiological conditions, emerging evidence states that common signaling structures, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), are involved in this context. EVs, heterogeneous membrane vesicles encapsulating proteomic genetic information from parental cells, act as multifunctional regulators of intercellular communication. Among the multifaceted roles in modulating biological responses, exhaustive evidence shows that ncRNAs are selectively sorted into EVs, modulating common specific aspects of cancer development and stroke prognosis, namely, angiogenesis. This review will discuss recent advancements in the EV‐facilitated/inhibited progression of specific elements of angiogenesis with a particular concern about ncRNAs within these vesicles. The review is concluded by underlining the clinical opportunities of EV‐derived ncRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic agents.
An Omniphobic Spray Coating Created from Hierarchical Structures Prevents the Contamination of High‐Touch Surfaces with Pathogens
Authors: Abu Jarad Noor , Rachwalski Kenneth , Bayat Fereshteh , Khan Shadman , Shakeri Amid , MacLachlan Roderick , Villegas Martin , Brown Eric D. , Soleymani Leyla , Didar Tohid F.
Published: January 2023

Engineered surfaces that repel pathogens are of great interest due to their role in mitigating the spread of infectious diseases. A robust, universal, and scalable omniphobic spray coating with excellent repellency against water, oil, and pathogens is presented. The coating is substrate‐independent and relies on hierarchically structured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microparticles, decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Wettability studies reveal the relationship between surface texturing of micro‐ and/or nano‐hierarchical structures and the omniphobicity of the coating. Studies of pathogen transfer with bacteria and viruses reveal that an uncoated contaminated glove transfers pathogens to >50 subsequent surfaces, while a coated glove picks up 104 (over 99.99%) less pathogens upon first contact and transfers zero pathogens after the second touch. The developed coating also provides excellent stability under harsh conditions. The remarkable anti‐pathogen properties of this surface combined with its ease of implementation, substantiate its use for the prevention of surface‐mediated transmission of pathogens.
Mycosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Exhibits Fungal Species Dependent Morphological Preference
Authors: Brady Nathan G. , O'Leary Shamus L. , Moormann Garrett C. , Singh Manish K. , Watt John , Bachand George D.
Published: January 2023

Filamentous fungi can synthesize a variety of nanoparticles (NPs), a process referred to as mycosynthesis that requires little energy input, do not require the use of harsh chemicals, occurs at near neutral pH, and do not produce toxic byproducts. While NP synthesis involves reactions between metal ions and exudates produced by the fungi, the chemical and biochemical parameters underlying this process remain poorly understood. Here, the role of fungal species and precursor salt on the mycosynthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs is investigated. This data demonstrates that all five fungal species tested are able to produce ZnO structures that can be morphologically classified into i) well‐defined NPs, ii) coalesced/dissolving NPs, and iii) micron‐sized square plates. Further, species‐dependent preferences for these morphologies are observed, suggesting potential differences in the profile or concentration of the biochemical constituents in their individual exudates. This data also demonstrates that mycosynthesis of ZnO NPs is independent of the anion species, with nitrate, sulfate, and chloride showing no effect on NP production. These results enhance the understanding of factors controlling the mycosynthesis of ceramic NPs, supporting future studies that can enable control over the physical and chemical properties of NPs formed through this “green” synthesis method.
Spatial Control of Substitutional Dopants in Hexagonal Monolayer WS2: The Effect of Edge Termination
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Liu Mingzu , Fujisawa Kazunori , Lucking Michael , Beach Kory , Zhang Fu , Shanmugasundaram Maruda , Krayev Andrey , Murray William , Lei Yu , Yu Zhuohang , Sanchez David , Liu Zhiwen , Terrones Humberto , Elías Ana Laura , Terrones Mauricio
Published: January 2023

The ability to control the density and spatial distribution of substitutional dopants in semiconductors is crucial for achieving desired physicochemical properties. Substitutional doping with adjustable doping levels has been previously demonstrated in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs); however, the spatial control of dopant distribution remains an open field. In this work, edge termination is demonstrated as an important characteristic of 2D TMD monocrystals that affects the distribution of substitutional dopants. Particularly, in chemical vapor deposition (CVD)‐grown monolayer WS2, it is found that a higher density of transition metal dopants is always incorporated in sulfur‐terminated domains when compared to tungsten‐terminated domains. Two representative examples demonstrate this spatial distribution control, including hexagonal iron‐ and vanadium‐doped WS2 monolayers. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are further performed, indicating that the edge‐dependent dopant distribution is due to a strong binding of tungsten atoms at tungsten‐zigzag edges, resulting in the formation of open sites at sulfur‐zigzag edges that enable preferential dopant incorporation. Based on these results, it is envisioned that edge termination in crystalline TMD monolayers can be utilized as a novel and effective knob for engineering the spatial distribution of substitutional dopants, leading to in‐plane hetero‐/multi‐junctions that display fascinating electronic, optoelectronic, and magnetic properties.
The Collision between g‐C3N4 and QDs in the Fields of Energy and Environment: Synergistic Effects for Efficient Photocatalysis
Authors: Chen Yongxi , Cheng Min , Lai Cui , Wei Zhen , Zhang Gaoxia , Li Ling , Tang Chensi , Du Li , Wang Guangfu , Liu Hongda
Published: January 2023

Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has attracted increasing interest due to its visible light absorption, suitable energy band structure, and excellent stability. However, low specific surface area, finite visible light response range (<460 nm), and rapid photogenerated electron–hole (e−–h+) pairs recombination of the pristine g‐C3N4 limit its practical applications. The small size of quantum dots (QDs) endows the properties of abundant active sites, wide absorption spectrum, and adjustable bandgap, but inevitable aggregation. Studies have confirmed that the integration of g‐C3N4 and QDs not only overcomes these limitations of individual component, but also successfully inherits each advantage. Encouraged by these advantages, the synthetic strategies and the fundamental of QDs/g‐C3N4 composites are briefly elaborated in this review. Particularly, the synergistic effects of QDs/g‐C3N4 composites are analyzed comprehensively, including the enhancement of the photocatalytic performance and the avoidance of aggregation. Then, the photocatalytic applications of QDs/g‐C3N4 composites in the fields of environment and energy are described and further combined with DFT calculation to further reveal the reaction mechanisms. Moreover, the stability and reusability of QDs/g‐C3N4 composites are analyzed. Finally, the future development of these composites and the solution of existing problems are prospected.
Multi‐Mechanism Antibacterial Strategies Enabled by Synergistic Activity of Metal–Organic Framework‐Based Nanosystem for Infected Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Xie Wenjia , Chen Junyu , Cheng Xinting , Feng Hao , Zhang Xin , Zhu Zhou , Dong Shanshan , Wan Qianbing , Pei Xibo , Wang Jian
Published: January 2023

Drug‐resistant bacterial infection impairs tissue regeneration and is a challenging clinical problem. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)‐based photodynamic therapy (PDT) opens up a new era for antibiotic‐free infection treatment. However, the MOF‐based PDT normally encounters limited photon absorbance under visible light and notorious recombination of photogenerated holes and electrons, which significantly impede their applications. Herein, a MOFs‐based nanosystem (AgNPs@MOFs) with enhanced visible light response and charge carrier separation is developed by modifying MOFs with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to improve PDT efficiency. The AgNPs@MOFs with enhanced photodynamic performance under visible light irradiation mainly disrupt bacteria translation process and the metabolism of purine and pyrimidine. In addition, the introduction of AgNPs endows nanosystems with chemotherapy ability, which causes destructive effect on bacterial cell membrane, including membrane ATPase protein and fatty acids. AgNPs@MOFs show excellent synergistic drug‐resistant bacterial killing efficiency through multiple mechanisms, which further restrain bacterial resistance. In addition, biocompatible AgNPs@MOFs pose potential tissue regeneration ability in both Methicillin–resistantStaphylococcusaureus(MRSA)‐related soft and hard tissue infection. Overall, this study provides a promising perspective in the exploration of AgNPs@MOFs as nano antibacterial medicine against drug‐resistant bacteria for infected tissue regeneration in the future.
Freestanding Block Copolymer Membranes with Tunable Pore Sizes Promoted by Subnanometer Nanowires
Authors: Ouyang Wanyue , Zhang Simin , Wang Xun
Published: January 2023

Block copolymers (BCPs) have enduring appeal for its intriguing assembly behaviors. Nevertheless, the unsatisfactory mechanical properties of BCPs make it a problem to fabricate freestanding membranes and hindered practical applications. Herein, a freestanding membrane with tunable pore size is prepared simply by co‐assembly of BCPs and subnanometer nanowires (SNWs), combining the abundant function of BCPs and prominent mechanical properties of SNWs. Benefited from synergy of the components and the hierarchical structure, the tensile strength of composite membrane is promoted by two orders of magnitude compared to that of BCPs. With the columnar pores aligning vertically to surfaces and the pore size regulated by processing conditions, the membranes exhibit precise size‐selected effect in ultrafiltration of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) and can distinct NPs with diameter difference as tiny as 5 nm, demonstrating the promising prospect in separation technology and even widespread fields.
Negatively Charged Holey Titania Nanosheets Added Electrolyte to Realize Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Luo Geng , Liu Dongqing , Zhao Jie , Hussain Arshad , Raza Waseem , Wu Yanyan , Liu Fude , Cai Xingke
Published: January 2023

Electrolyte modulation and electrode structure design are two common strategies to suppress dendrites growth on Li metal anode. In this work, a self‐adaptive electrode construction method to suppress Li dendrites growth is reported, which merges the merits of electrolyte modulation and electrode structure design strategies. In detail, negatively charged titania nanosheets with densely packed nanopores on them are prepared. These holey nanosheets in the electrolyte move spontaneously onto the anode under electrical field, building a mesoporous structure on the electrode surface. The as‐formed porous electrode has large surface area with good lithiophilicity, which can efficiently transfer lithium ion (Li+) inside the electrode, and induce the genuine lithium plating/stripping. Moreover, the negative charges and nanopores on the sheets can also regulate the lithium‐ion flux to promote uniform deposition of Li metal. As a result, the symmetric and full cells using the holey titania nanosheets containing electrolyte, show much better performance than the ones using electrolyte without holey nanosheets inside. This work points out a new route for the practical applications of Li‐metal batteries.
Phase‐Modulated Multidimensional Perovskites for High‐Sensitivity Self‐Powered UV Photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Li Ziqing , Yan Tingting , Su Li , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: January 2023

2D Ruddlesden‐Popper perovskites (PVKs) have recently shown overwhelming potential in various optoelectronic devices on account of enhanced stability to their 3D counterparts. So far, regulating the phase distribution and orientation of 2D perovskite thin films remains challenging to achieve efficient charge transport. This work elucidates the balance struck between sufficient gradient sedimentation of perovskite colloids and less formation of small‐n phases, which results in the layered alignment of phase compositions and thus in enhanced photoresponse. The solvent engineering strategy, together with the introduction of poly(3,4‐ethylene‐dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and PC71BM layer jointly contribute to outstanding self‐powered performance of indium tin oxide/PEDOT:PSS/PVK/PC71BM/Ag device, with a photocurrent of 18.4 µA and an on/off ratio up to 2800. The as‐fabricated photodetector exhibits high sensitivity characteristics with the peak responsivity of 0.22 A W−1 and the detectivity up to 1.3 × 1012 Jones detected at UV‐A region, outperforming most reported perovskite‐based UV photodetectors and maintaining high stability over a wide spectrum ranging from UV to visible region. This discovery supplies deep insights into the control of ordered phases and crystallinity in quasi‐2D perovskite films for high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Symmetry‐Breaking Induced Dipole Enhancement for Efficient Spiro‐Type Hole Transporting Materials: Easy Synthesis with High Stability
Authors: Xu Jianbin , Xiong Qiu , Huang Xiaofeng , Sun Pingping , Zhou Qin , Du Yitian , Zhang Zilong , Gao Peng
Published: January 2023

Spiral cores are crucial for designing efficient hole transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), owing to their no‐planar 3D architecture, high thermal stability, good solubility, and beneficial solid‐state morphology. A lack of facile synthetic procedures for the spiral core limited the development of novel and stable spiral HTMs. In this regard, a one‐step reaction is adopted to produce several novel acceptor‐embedded spiral cores containing electron‐withdrawing carbonyl group embedded orthogonal spiral conformation. After coupling with triphenylamine donors, symmetry‐breaking spiral HTMs with uneven charge distribution can be obtained, bearing the advantages of adjustable dipole moment and enhanced structural stability. A combined theoretical and experimental study shows that the HTM with a stronger dipole moment can easily adsorb on the surface of perovskite via electrostatic potential, and the closer distance promoted facile hole transfer from perovskite to HTMs. In the end, PSCs based on strongly polarized spiro‐BC‐OMe achieved efficient hole extraction and thus an improved fill factor, promoting a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.15%, and a module‐based PCE of 18.61% with an active area of 16.38 cm2. This study provides a new avenue for designing HTMs with strong dipole moments for efficient PSCs.
Interfacial Roughness Enhanced Gel/Elastomer Interfacial Bonding Enables Robust and Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Reliable Energy Harvesting
Authors: Jing Titao , Wang Shuchang , Yuan Haiyuan , Yang Yujue , Xue Ming , Xu Bingang
Published: January 2023

Gel‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has demonstrated promising potentials in stretchable electronics owing to gel electrodes’ intrinsic softness, stretchability, and conductivity. However, delamination between gel and elastomer layers in deformations remains a considerable challenge for gel‐based TENG, which most often induces structure failure. Herein, gels are regarded as adhesives and further effectively enhances interfacial bonding strength by a rough interface in adhesives’ view, which exploits gels’ liquid‐to‐solid transformation. This method just needs surface roughness of elastomer, which avoids chemical modification. Moreover, this method is effective to both organogel with good stickiness and hydrogel with weak stickiness, demonstrating wide applicability to different gels. Owing to the tough gel/elastomer interfacial bonding, TENG‐Rough largely solves delamination problem under various deformations and the corresponding output performances of TENG‐Rough are also maintained, implying a robust stretchable TENG device for reliable energy harvesting. This work demonstrates a general and facile method to enhance interfacial bonding in an adhesives’ way, which provides a view for addressing delamination problem in gel‐based TENGs and other kinds of gel‐based devices.
In Situ Coupling of Carbon Dots with Co‐ZIF Nanoarrays Enabling Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Hong Qiang , Wang Yingming , Wang Ruirui , Chen Ziliang , Yang Hongyuan , Yu Kai , Liu Yang , Huang Hui , Kang Zhenhui , Menezes Prashanth W.
Published: January 2023

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are regarded as one promising class of precatalysts for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet most of them suffer from poor conductivity and lack of coordinatively unsaturated metal sites, which hinders the fast electrochemical reconstruction and thus a poor OER activity. To address this issue, a unique heterocomposite has been constructed by in situ inserting carbon dots (CDs) into cobalt‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework (Co‐ZIF) nanosheet arrays (Co‐ZIF/CDs/CC) in the presence of carbon cloth (CC) via one‐pot coprecipitation for alkaline OER. Benefiting from the synergism between CDs and Co‐ZIF subunits such as superior conductivity, strong charge interaction as well as abundant metal sites exposure, the Co‐ZIF/CDs/CC exhibits an enhanced promotion effect for OER and contributes to the deep phase transformation from CDs‐coupled Co‐ZIF to CDs‐coupled active CoOOH. As expected, the achieved Co‐ZIF/CDs/CC only requires an overpotential of 226 mV to deliver 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH, which is lower than that of Co‐ZIF/CC and superior to most previously reported CC‐supported MOF precatalysts. Moreover, it can also maintain a large current density of 100 mA cm−2 for 24 h with negligible activity decay.
Valence Engineering Enhancing NH4+ Storage Capacity of Manganese Oxides
Authors: Lu Tzu‐Hao , Zeng Chenghui , Zhang Haozhe , Shi Xin , Yu Yanxia , Lu Xihong
Published: January 2023

Ammonium ions (NH4+), as non‐metallic charge carriers, are attracting attention in aqueous batteries due to its low molar mass, element sufficiency, and non‐toxicity. However, the host materials for NH4+ storage are still limited. Herein, an oxygen defects‐rich manganese oxide (MnO2–x) for NH4+ storage are reported. The oxygen defects can endow the MnO2–x sample with improved electric conductivity and low interface activation energy. The electrochemical reaction mechanism is also verified by using ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), demonstrating the insertion and extraction of NH4+ in the MnO2–x by formation/breaking of a hydrogen bond. As a result, MnO2–x delivers a high capacity of 109.9 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1 and retention of 24 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at the current density of 4 A g−1, outperforming the pristine MnO2 sample.