bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hygienic assessment of impacts exerted by factors related to educational process and lifestyle on health of schoolchildren attending secondary schools in industrial megacity
Authors: Valina Svetlana L. , Zaitseva Nina V. , Shtina Irina E. , Ustinova Olga Yu. , Eisfeld Dar’ya A.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Negative trends that occur regarding health of contemporary schoolchildren are caused by complex impacts exerted by environmental factors.Material and methods. We examined 178 schoolchildren (the test group) in primary, middle, and high school attending an educational establishment with advanced studies on several subjects. The establishment was located on a territory with phenol concentrations in ambient air being up to 1.7 MPC average daily. Our reference group was made up of children who attended an ordinary secondary school located on an area which was relatively sanitary and hygienically safe.Results. We compared education processes in both establishments and revealed that schoolchildren from the test group had to study more intensely. Exposed children had phenol in their blood in concentrations that were 2.0 times higher than the background level and 1.4 times higher than the same parameter in the reference group. The average group concentration of hydrocortisone was 1.2 times higher in the test group than in the reference one. We revealed an authentic dependence between elevated hydrocortisone concentration in blood in children from the test group and phenol concentrations in their blood being higher than hygienic standards (R2=0.39; F=22.9; p=0.036). Our examination allowed establishing chronic exposure to a chemical factor and intense education process at a school with advanced studies on several subjects to result in by 2.0-9.0 times higher risks of pathologies in the nervous system, height and weight disorders, disrupted physical development, heart rate disorders, the formation of antibodies to thyroid gland tissues, 1.2-4.5 times more intense free radical oxidation, intoxication, negative changes in time gaps of basic mental functions and thyroid gland volume.Conclusion. We established the highest risk of physical development disorders and pathologies in the nervous system caused by complex impacts exerted by environmental factors in the sensitive puberty (OR=2.1-7.32; DI=1.4-33.4; p=0.007-0.05).
Assessing risks of circulatory disorders among adults exposed to ambient air chemical contamination when living in the perm region
Authors: Chetverkina Kristina V.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. It is vital to study circulatory diseases as they account for the greatest share in causes of death in Russia (about 55%). Also, environmental factors contribute significantly to morbidity with circulatory diseases. It is important to reveal chemicals that exert their impacts on pathology occurrence in the circulatory system; should such impacts be eliminated or reduced, it will make for a decrease in morbidity and mortality among the population caused by the nosologies being considered in the present work.Material and methods. We took data on chemical contamination of ambient air and data on primary morbidity as per the “diseases of the circulatory system” category among the adult population living in the Perm region over 2013-2017 as or initial data. All the data were processed with many techniques including hygienic examination, health risk assessment under chronic inhalation exposure, and mathematic modeling within the “health - environment” system.Results. Our research results allowed establishing that there was an ascending trend in primary morbidity with circulatory diseases among the population living in the Perm region. We revealed that phenol concentrations amounted up to 6.67 MPC average daily, and benzene ones, up to 2.37 MPC average daily; simultaneously, we revealed unacceptable risk regarding circulatory diseases (harm index (HI) was up to 1.9), and the greatest contribution into it was made by phenol (up to 78.52%) and benzene (up to 75.59%). Mathematic modeling allowed establishing there was an authentic and relevant cause-and-effect relation between primary morbidity with circulatory diseases among the adult population and ambient air contamination with phenol.Conclusions. We revealed phenol and benzene concentrations in ambient air which were significantly higher than MPC; identified and parameterized an authentic cause-and-effect relation between ambient air contamination with phenol and circulatory diseases.
PENGARUH EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN RUMAH MAKAN ABENG 38
Authors: Vinna Angelia  , Sri Rezeki
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Prosedur Kredit memiliki pengaruh terhadap Keputusan Pengambilan Kredit pada CV. Sahabat Solution, mengetahui Kualitas Layanan memiliki pengaruh pada Keputusan Pengambilan Kredit di CV. Sahabat Solution dan cari tahu apakah Prosedur Kredit dan Kualitas Layanan memiliki pengaruh terhadap Keputusan Pengambilan Kredit di CV. Solusi Sahabat. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data kuantitatif, yaitu data yang diperoleh dalam bentuk angka atau angka. Sumber data adalah data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil penyebaran kuesioner kepada konsumen yang membeli kredit di CV. Solusi Sahabat, data sekunder diperoleh dari data data dan literatur yang terkait dengan masalah yang dibahas. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah jumlah konsumen yang membeli kredit di CV. Solusi Sahabat adalah 801 orang. Dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin, jumlah sampel yang diperoleh adalah 267 orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prosedur kredit memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dan positif terhadap pengambilan keputusan kredit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kualitas layanan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dan positif terhadap pengambilan keputusan kredit.
Analisis Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara (2010-2019)
Authors: Nainggolan Elisabeth
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose of this observation to find out effect of economic growth on poverty levels in the period 2010-2019. The variable used is the percentage of poverty level as the dependent variable and the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and the Open Unemployment Rate as independent variables. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from BPS North Sumatra. The analytical method used is a multiple linear regression model or Ordinary Ordinary Least Square (OLS). In processing data, the authors use the help of Eviews 8.1 software. Based on the estimation results it is found that there is no correlation between the rate of economic growth and the poverty rate in North Sumatra and the variable Open Unemployment Rate has a positive and significant effect on poverty levels in North Sumatera Province.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Dan Promosi Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan OVO (Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa STIE Eka Prasetya)
Authors: Sri Rezeki  , Desma Erica Maryati M  , Muammar Rinaldi
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Service Quality and Promotion on OVO Customer Satisfaction. The research methodology used is quantitative descriptive method, the unit of analysis in this study is STIE Eka Prasetya and the observation unit is students from STIE Eka Prasetya. The population in this study were 993 respondents from STIE Eka Prasetya. The technique of determining the number of samples used in this study is the Slovin formula and amounted to 91 respondents. The research method used is the technique of data collection through the distribution of questionnaires that conducted systematically based on research objectives. The analytical method used to solve problems and prove hypotheses is descriptive analysis and regression analysis. This analysis includes validity and reliability, classic assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing through t and F tests, and the coefficient of determination (R2) test. The results of the t test show that the variable Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on OVO Customer Satisfaction, and the Promotion variable has a positive and significant effect on OVO Customer Satisfaction. The results of the F test show that the Service Quality and Promotion simultaneously effect the Customer Satisfaction. The result of coefficient of determination test results (R2) shows that Customer Satisfaction was effected by Service Quality and Promotion variables, while the remaining is explained by other variables such as perception, digital marketing and personal selling that are not discussed in this study.
THE SUCCESS OF CHURCH OF GOD-KENYA PROJECTS IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN EMUHAYA DISTRICT, WESTERN KENYA
Authors: Hezekiah Obwoge , Onkware Dr. K. , Iteyo Dr. C.
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the success of CoG-Kenya projects in poverty alleviation in Emuhaya District, Western KenyaMethodology: This study was a cross-sectional research that sought to give an examining and descriptive scrutiny of the CoG-K’s activities in Emuhaya District of Western Kenya. This study sampled a total of 312 respondents (1 Bishop, 1 General Secretary, 1 General Assembly Trustee, 1 General Assembly Treasurer, 16 Directors, 282 Pastors, and 10 Elders) through purposive sampling method. Oral interviews, questionnaire methods and focus group discussion were used to collect data from the respondents. Observation method was used to validate the information obtained through oral interviews and questionnaires. Secondary data was sourced from published and unpublished literature. Data was analyzed using the theological method of induction (TMI).Results: The study proved that the CoG-K has a role to play through her programs like Sisi kwa Sisi, Child Development Centres, Health care Units and education, thus these institutions make a significant contribution to sustainable development in Emuhaya District and are useful instruments for spearheading alleviation of poverty in the said district. The CoG-K’s development is founded upon a spirituality of mutual sustenance and transformation through its concern for the adherents’ struggle with poverty. This study found out that faith activities and the related projects implicitly advance the poverty alleviation cause, thus all development revolves around spirituality. From this perspective the CoG-K has the responsibility to engage in all aspects of development within spirituality as the foundation of such engagement.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that development experts, theologians, policy makers and practitioners should cultivate long-term relationship with the church in general and the CoG-K in particular so as implement policy for development consequently alleviating poverty.
THE BIBLICAL APPROACH OF PROVERBS 1-9 THAT IS APPLICABLE AND RELEVANT ON ADDRESSING INCREASED ANTISOCIAL ILLS IN AFRICA
Authors: Nyaenya Zablon Ayiera , Choge Prof Emily , Koech Prof Joseph
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the Biblical approach of Proverbs 1-9 that is applicable and relevant on addressing increased antisocial ills in Africa.Methodology: The study was a desktop research where review of empirical literature was done.Results: It is only in the book of Proverbs 1-9 that we find the individual instructions from parents to their children. The book of Proverbs 1-9 can conveniently serve as the Biblical manual of parenting. The book of Proverbs 1-9 regards the home as the basic institution of learning the life skills. To appropriate the teachings and practices of Proverbs 1-9 in the life of child rearing in the African communities, there is need for the search of the Biblical approach that will enable parents to extract lessons that are applicable and relevant for the purposes of addressing increased anti-social ills in the community. The study argues that traditional-historical method of Biblical analysis as the most appropriate approach to be followed in the quest for the meaning of Proverbs 1-9 that will enable the extraction of lessons that are applicable and relevant in the African child rearing. The nature of the book of Proverbs 1-9 in terms of its traditional historical nature, social setting, purpose, relationship between it and other ancient near East wisdom literature, authorship and social-cultural environment are strong indicators that traditional historical method is the most appropriate approach that is relevant and applicable in the present African communities child rearing.Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study hypothesizes that if the analysis of Proverbs 1-9 engages traditional-historical method, the crucial aspects of parenting which includes the parenting styles, contents of instructions and the goal of the instructions will be extracted. These aspects will ultimately serve as a foundation upon which child rearing in African communities be established. Understanding the Biblical teaching on child rearing in Proverbs 1-9 serves as a manual that deepens the understanding of Christian parenting in African communities hoping that it will contribute towards reducing anti-social ills.
RELIGION AND THE IMMIGRANT: EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF RELIGION IN THE SETTLEMENT OF IMMIGRANTS OF LUTHERAN ORIGIN IN KENYA
Authors: Otiso Richard Ondicho
Published: September 2020

In the making of a new home, immigrants have always wanted to settle with people that share similar religious beliefs, given that religion is the only common point that offers universality contrary to culture and other social factors that are subject to change in respect with the surrounding. Given the increase in the global population statistics of the Lutheran church, this article presented a case study of the lives and activities of immigrants of Lutheran origin in Kenya. Based on the existing literature, factors like the religiosity, culture and language of the host community will be analyzed. Moreover, the major finding of this study identifies that the separation between immigrants and locals is based on the fact that there is lack of a common language between the two parties. Emphasis was put on language as the biggest unifying factor. A realization of the factors that hinder integration of immigrants into the host society as explained in this article will aid in the formulation of new policies by the Lutheran church of Kenya and as well go a long way in resolving the existing barriers to immigrant integration
INFLUENCE OF PRO ACTIVENESS ON PERFORMANCE OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA
Authors: Linyiru Dr. Bruno Mugambi , Ketyenya Dr.  Rutto Peter
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of pro activeness on performance of state corporations in Kenya.Methodology: The study adopted an explanatory research design. The population of the research consists of the 187 state corporations in Kenya as at 2013. The unit of analysis was the state corporation. A purposive sample of 55 commercial state corporations was included in the study. The study used primary data gathered using questionnaires.Results: Results indicated that pro-activeness is a key determinant of firm performance for commercial state corporations in Kenya.Policy recommendation: The study recommended that state corporation steps up to promote pro-activeness among its employees.
A relação do comportamento alimentar com a autopercepção da imagem corporal
Authors: Teixeira Ribeiro Gabriela Maria , Celestino Sales Pereira Letícia , Queiroz Mello Ana Paula
Published: September 2020

O Nutricionista tem papel fundamental no auxílio do controle de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis por meio da promoção da mudança do estilo de vida e de uma alimentação saudável, ressaltando as particularidades de cada indivíduo. É de extrema importância o entendimento do comportamento alimentar de um indivíduo e seus fatores correlacionados. Objetivo foi avaliar a relação do comportamento alimentar com a percepção de imagem corporal de indivíduos. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS com os descritores “feeding behaviour”, “body image”, “diet”, “nutritionists” e “nutritional status”, utilizando a técnica booleana “AND” e “OR” de artigos publicados entre 2013-2019. No total foram utilizados 32 artigos. A pesquisa dos artigos foi feita no período de junho-setembro de 2019. Os instrumentos mais utilizados para avaliação de comportamento alimentar e imagem corporal foram o Eating Attitude Test-26 e o Body Shape Questionnaire. Na maioria dos estudos foi possível observar a insatisfação corporal em indivíduos eutróficos. Entre crianças e adolescentes, os meninos apresentam maior satisfação com a aparência. Em relação à avaliação da autoimagem, a maioria das adolescentes desejava uma silhueta menor. O comportamento alimentar inadequado e a insatisfação corporal foram observados nestes indivíduos e estão fortemente associados à restrição alimentar. Entre universitários, a insatisfação corporal foi encontrada sobretudo nas mulheres. Aproximadamente, metade das mulheres almeja pesar menos ou sentem-se acima do peso e estão mais susceptíveis à idealização do “corpo perfeito”. Atletas buscam demasiadamente um corpo que condiz com a sua prática esportiva para terem sempre melhor desempenho físico. Aqueles que se percebem acima do peso apresentam um comportamento alimentar mais restritivo. Estes fatores são destacados em crianças e adolescentes, universitários, mulheres e praticantes de exercícios físicos. A autopercepção de imagem corporal está diretamente relacionada com comportamento alimentar e pode até ser considerada um determinante do mesmo.
Hats
Authors: Hughes Clair
Published: September 2020

Although a hat may be designed for the purpose of practicality or aesthetics, it is part of a complex interplay of wider cultural meanings. Throughout history hats have played a significant role in expressing and revealing notions of class, gender, authority, fashion and etiquette. By examining the consumption and production of hats from the 18th century to the present day, this book explores their significance as markers of social and cultural change.

Taking a thematic approach, Clair Hughes charts how headgear during the modern era has been shaped by status, gender and necessity. Using case studies such as the bowler hat, which has moved up and down classes and professions, Hughes reveals that although a hat might seem bound to its status and context, it is as susceptible to subversion and reinvention as the society which creates it. From the transition of pilots' helmets from practical headgear to fashion items, to the Slouch hat and the baseball cap, hats have responded to cultural or political movements, often becoming conscious displays of identity and social allegiance.

Drawing from material and historical research as well as depictions in art, literature and film, Hughes provides a fascinating insight into hats as a visible performance of social values and culture.
Aerosol dynamics and dispersion of radioactive particles
Authors: von Schoenberg Pontus , Tunved Peter , Grahn Håkan , Wiedensohler Alfred , Krejci Radovan , Brännström Niklas
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In an event of a nuclear power plant failure with release of radioactive material into the atmosphere, dispersion modelling is used to understand, how the released radioactivity is spread. For the dispersion of particles, Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Models, LPDMs are commonly used in which model particles, representing the released material, are transported through the atmosphere. These model particles are usually inert and undergo only first order processes such as dry deposition and simplified wet deposition along the path through the atmosphere. Aerosol dynamic processes including coagulation, condensational growth, chemical interactions, formation of new particles and interaction with new aerosol sources are usually neglected in such models. The objective for this study is to analyse the importance of including more advanced aerosol dynamic processes in LPDM simulations for the use in radioactive preparedness. In this investigation, a fictitious NPP failure, commencing with hourly separation for a full year, is studied for three geographically and atmospherically different sites. We conclude that: a) modelling of wet deposition by incorporating an advanced cloud parameterisation is advisable since, it significantly influence simulated levels of airborne activity as well as the formation of hotspots, and b) with advanced cloud parametrisation in the model, the inclusion of full aerosol dynamics can make a difference in single events, especially for formation of hot spots e.g. in 5 % of the simulated cases the decrease of airborne radioactivity concentration differed with more than 60 %-points compared to a simplified version of the model.
A robust low-level cloud and clutter discrimination method for ground-based millimeter-wavelength cloud radar
Authors: Hu Xiaoyu , Ge Jinming , Du Jiajing , Li Qinghao , Huang Jianping , Fu Qiang
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Low-level clouds play a key role in the energy budget and hydrological cycle of the climate system. The long-term and accurate observation of low-level clouds is essential for understanding their climate effect and model constraints. Both ground-based and spaceborne millimeter-wavelength cloud radars can penetrate clouds but the detected low-level clouds are always contaminated by clutters, which needs to be removed. In this study, we develop an algorithm to accurately separate low-level clouds from clutters for ground-based cloud radar using multi-dimensional probability distribution functions along with the Bayesian method. The radar reflectivity, linear depolarization ratio, spectral width and their dependences on the time of the day, height and season are used as the discriminants. A low pass spatial filter is applied to the Bayesian undecided classification mask, considering the spatial correlation difference between clouds and clutters. The resulting feature mask shows a good agreement with lidar detection, which has a high probability of detection rate (98.45 %) and a low false alarm rate (0.37 %). This algorithm will be used to reliably detect low-level clouds at the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) site, to study their climate effect and the interaction with local abundant dust aerosol in semi-arid region.
Climatic variations during the Holocene inferred from radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopes in a high-alpine cave
Authors: Welte Caroline , Fohlmeister Jens , Wertnik Melina , Wacker Lukas , Hattendorf Bodo , Eglinton Timothy I. , Spötl Christoph
Published: September 2020

Abstract. A novel technique making use of laser ablation coupled online to accelerator mass spectrometry (LA-AMS) allows analyzing the radiocarbon (14C) concentration in carbonate samples continuously at high spatial resolution within very short analysis times. This new technique can provide radiocarbon data similar to the spatial resolution of stable carbon (C) isotope measurements by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and, thus, can help to interpret δ13C signatures, which otherwise are difficult to understand due to numerous processes contributing to changes in C-isotope changes ratios. In this work we analyzed δ13C and 14C on the Holocene stalagmite SPA 127 from the high-alpine Spannagel Cave (Austria). Combined stable carbon and radiocarbon profiles allow to identify three growth periods characterized by different δ13C signatures: (i) the period > 8 ka BP is characterized by relatively low δ13C values with small variability combined with a comparably high radiocarbon reservoir effect (expressed as dead carbon fraction, dcf) of around 60 %. This points towards C contributions of host rock dissolution and/or from an old organic matter (OM) reservoir in the karst potentially mobilized due to the warm climatic conditions of the early Holocene. (ii) Between 3.8–8 ka BP a strong variability in δ13C reaching values from −8 to +1 ‰ with a generally lower dcf was observed. The δ13C variability is most likely caused by changes in gas exchange processes in the cave, which are induced by reduced drip rates as derived from reduced stalagmite growth rates. Additionally, the lower dcf indicates that the OM reservoir is contributing less to stalagmite growth in this period possibly as a result of reduced precipitation or because it is exhausted. (iii) In the youngest section between 2.4–3.8 ka BP, comparably stable and low δ13C values combined with an increasing dcf reaching up to 50 % are again hinting towards a contribution of an aged OM reservoir in the karst.
Improvement of modelling plant responses to low soil moisture in JULESvn4.9 and evaluation against flux tower measurements
Authors: Harper Anna B. , Williams Karina E. , McGuire Patrick C. , Duran Rojas Maria Carolina , Hemming Debbie , Verhoef Anne , Huntingford Chris , Rowland Lucy , Marthews Toby , Breder Eller Cleiton , Mathison Camilla , Nobrega Rodolfo L. B. , Gedney Nicola , Vidale Pier Luigi , Otu-Larbi Fred , Pandey Divya , Garrigues Sebastien , Wright Azin , Slevin Darren , De Kauwe Martin G. , Blyth Eleanor , Ärdo Jonas , Black Andrew , Bonal Damien , Buchmann Nina , Burban Benoit , Fuchs Kathrin , de Grandcourt Agnès , Mammarella Ivan , Merbold Lutz , Montagnani Leonardo , Nouvellon Yann , Restrepo-Coupe Natalia , Wohlfahrt Georg
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Drought is predicted to increase in the future due to climate change, bringing with it a myriad of impacts on ecosystems. Plants respond to drier soils by reducing stomatal conductance, in order to conserve water and avoid hydraulic damage. Despite the importance of plant drought responses for the global carbon cycle and local/regional climate feedbacks, land surface models are unable to capture observed plant responses to soil moisture stress. We assessed the impact of soil moisture stress on simulated gross primary productivity (GPP) and latent energy flux (LE) in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) vn4.9 on seasonal and annual timescales, and evaluated ten different representations of stress in the model. For the default configuration, GPP was more realistic in temperate biome sites than in the tropics or high latitudes/cold region sites, while LE was best simulated in temperate and high latitude/cold sites. Errors not due to soil moisture stress, possibly linked to phenology, contributed to model biases for GPP in tropical savannah and deciduous forest sites. We found that three alternative approaches to calculating soil moisture stress produced more realistic results than the default parameterization for most biomes and climates. All of these involved increasing the number of soil layers from 4 to 14, and the soil depth from 3m to 10.8m. In addition, we found improvements when soil matric potential replaced volumetric water content in the stress equation, when the onset of stress was delayed, and when roots extended deeper into the soil. For LE, the biases were highest in the default configuration in temperate mixed forests, with overestimation occurring during most of the year. At these sites, reducing soil moisture stress (with the new parameterizations mentioned above) increased LE and made the simulation worse. Further evaluation into the reason for the high bias in LE at many of the sites would enable improvements in both carbon and energy fluxes with new parameterizations for soil moisture stress.
Nuevo Mundo e historia de la alimentación. El 'dulce tubérculo' ('Ipomoea batatas') de los Cronistas de Indias
Authors: Cartay Rafael , Dávila Luis Ricardo
Published: September 2020

En muchas crónicas americanas de los siglos XVI y XVII aparece mencionada la raíz tuberosa comestible batata o camote (Ipomoea batatas), destacando las características del fruto, su forma de nabo, color, sabor y la manera de consumirlo. Pero algunas de esas características están presentes en otras raíces tuberosas comestibles parecidas, excepto las que se consumen crudas, lo que hace pensar que los cronistas españoles pudieron haber incurrido en frecuentes confusiones en sus nombres, llamando camote o batata a otra raíz comestible que era, en realidad, la jícama (Pachyrhizus ahipa, P. erosus) o el yacón (Samallanthus sonchifolius, Polymnia sonchifolia). En este artículo, tras una minuciosa revisión bibliográfica, se intenta dilucidar esta cuestión.
La perversión de la ayuda estadounidense: el Congreso de Estados Unidos y la crisis de los 'Mirage' peruanos
Authors: Barreto Velázquez Norberto
Published: September 2020

Un grupo de congresistas estadounidenses usaron la compra de cazas franceses Mirage por el gobierno peruano en 1967, para atacar dos elementos claves de la política estadounidense durante la guerra fría: la ayuda económica y la asistencia militar. Sus críticas se enmarcaron dentro del debate sobre la naturaleza de la ayuda exterior estadounidense que se venía desarrollando desde el surgimiento de ésta a finales de los años 1940. Estos legisladores cuestionaron la utilidad de la ayuda económica, criticaron las prioridades de los países receptores de ésta y recalcaron el impacto negativo de la ayuda militar. Las acciones del gobierno peruano jugaron así un importante papel en el desarrollo de las relaciones entre el Ejecutivo y el poder legislativo estadounidenses en un momento crítico de la historia de Estados Unidos.
Mi Caída: Testimonio histórico del ex presidente de Bolivia Carlos Mesa Gisbert sobre su “presidencia sitiada” (2003/2005)
Authors: Mendoza Pinto Juan Eduardo , Téllez Lúgaro Eduardo
Published: September 2020

Presentamos un documento inédito sobre los conmovedores acontecimientos vividos por el Estado y la sociedad boliviana en la difícil coyuntura 2003/2005, asociada a la presidencia de Carlos Mesa G., que nos deja aquí una testificación directa, del más alto nivel, sobre ese trance histórico, de indudable valor para la historia contemporánea de América Latina.
Evolución histórica de la responsabilidad internacional por hecho ilícito, desde los clásicos hasta la Sociedad de Naciones
Authors: Ramos Zeballos Sebastian
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo es una presentación del desarrollo doctrinario en materia de responsabilidad internacional del Estado. En este sentido, aborda especialmente la mirada de los autores y comentaristas jurídicos destacados de su tiempo, a lo largo de la breve historia del derecho internacional. Desde las percepciones embrionarias de los primeros especialistas del siglo XVI hasta la primera codificación seria del derecho internacional, llevada a cabo por el Comité de Expertos de la Sociedad de Naciones en 1925, este trabajo acompañará la transformación de este concepto fundamental del derecho internacional contemporáneo. Asimismo, estos connotados juristas que plasmaron en sus escritos la realidad material de la comunidad internacional, habilitan al lector la comprensión de cómo las naciones moldearon su responsabilidad, los contornos que adquirió con el paso del tiempo y el cambio en la práctica de los Estados.
Response to the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic: Lessons Learned from the Taiwan Model
Authors: Wu Charles , Wu Catherine , Wu Kun Chan
Published: September 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and has since then spurred a global pandemic (Lai et al., 2020). Taiwan and China, separated only by 130 km across the Taiwan Strait, have frequent cross-strait interactions with each other; millions of people travel to and from between the two countries (Wang & Lin, 2020). Considering these facts, Lauren Gardner, an associate professor at the Johns Hopkins University, even predicted that Taiwan will have the second highest number of COVID-19 cases among the world using a metapopulation model (Gardner et al., 2020). However, with a population of 23.7 million people, Taiwan leads one of the least COVID-19 cases worldwide. With the help of technology, swift reactions, advanced deployment of resources, and complete transparency, the Taiwan model has made its success. By analyzing the actions taken and how they functioned in Taiwan in preventing a nationwide epidemic, other countries may benefit in understanding how to design better models for the prevention of future epidemics and pandemics.
Global Civil Society Is Not Utopian, But Feasible: The World After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Peng Junyuan , Shi Jing
Published: September 2020

At the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 Pandemic has swept the world, which raises the awareness of global governance and global civil society. This paper attempts to prove global civil society is feasible and analyses its main functions during the period of resistance of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The paper unfolds in four parts. The First part is a brief introduction to the question this paper tends to address after the COVID-19 Pandemic. After that, it is the definition of civil society. Civil society can be defined as a complementary arena for state and market to ensure common welfare and public good through non-violent, voluntary and bottom-up process. However, this definition encompasses different connotations with the passage of time. In the third part, it states that civil society is inevitably globalized in the challenge of globalization. Quite a number of problems go beyond borders and the reaches of states, which leaves a vacuum for a corresponding force to regulate them. Also, global social movement-the main actor of global civil society, as an important agent, ensures the economy liberalism-embedded transnational economic organizations, as the main structure of global governance, accountable. In addition, the development of convenient communication and value convergence provide the objective conditions for the emergence of global civil society. Global civil society makes transnational organizations accountable, solves problems beyond state borders and ensures the public good and welfare. In a nutshell, global civil society is an indispensable part of today’s global governance.
Big Data and Technology Evolution in the IoT Industry
Authors: Marku Elona , Zaitsava Maryia , Castriotta Manuel , Chiara Di Guardo Maria , Loi Michela
Published: September 2020

The present study aims to better understand how and to what extent the different dimensions of Big Data can offer insights on technology evolution. By using a patent analytics perspective, in this paper, we introduce a novel approach based on co-words analysis using the abstracts of 170,279 European patents in the Internet of Things (IoT) field published from 2011 to 2019. In so doing, we map and visualize an industry’s technology structure, development, and trends, as well as disentangle the IoT technology conceptual structure, highlighting its core and boundary concepts. This is the first study that applies a decomposition framework to clarify the determinants of IoT inventions, showing relevant changes in the focus of IoT technology overtime. By shedding light on the evolutionary dynamics of the field, this research offers a valuable contribution to the technology innovation literature.
De Arubaanse rechter oog-in-oog met het ontvoerde kind
Authors: Jacobs G.
Published: September 2020

De Arubaanse rechter oog-in-oog met het ontvoerde kind

Dit artikel geeft de resultaten weer van een literatuurstudie naar de rechterlijke bevoegdheid in zaken van internationale ouderlijke kinderontvoering voor de periode 1965-2019. Hierbij is het oude en huidige internationale bevoegdheidsrecht van Nederland geanalyseerd en is ook onderzocht of deze regelingen door de Arubaanse rechter gebruikt kunnen worden.

Uit het onderzoek is gebleken dat de rechters van Aruba en Sint Maarten enkel het HKV 1961 kunnen gebruiken als grondslag voor hun internationale bevoegdheid. Dit omdat een beslissing op een teruggeleidingsverzoek een kinderbeschermingsmaatregel is die binnen het materieel toepassingsgebied van het HKV 1961 valt. Valt de ontvoering ook binnen het formeel toepassingsgebied van het verdrag, dan betekent dit dat de rechters van Aruba en Sint Maarten hun internationale bevoegdheid kunnen vaststellen op grond van artikel 9 HKV 1961.

Ook kan de Arubaanse rechter zijn internationale bevoegdheid ontlenen aan artikel 429c lid 3 RvNA (met toepassing van het ‘distributie bepaalt attributie’-beginsel).
De gouverneur, landsorgaan én koninkrijksorgaan
Authors: Rogier L.J.J.
Published: September 2020

De gouverneur, landsorgaan én koninkrijksorgaan

Het ambt van gouverneur van de Caribische landen van het Koninkrijk is één en ondeelbaar, maar de gouverneur is tegelijk landsorgaan én koninkrijksorgaan. De positie en de verantwoordelijkheden van de gouverneur als landsorgaan verschillen van die van koninkrijksorgaan, maar het object van bemoeienis en de wijze waarop beide rollen worden vervuld verschillen niet zo veel van elkaar. De belangrijkste vraag is wanneer en onder welke condities de gouverneur van rol wisselt. Het is van belang dat de gouverneur de regie daarover zo veel mogelijk in eigen hand houdt. Een aanwijzing door de koninkrijksregering kan daarbij een nuttige rol vervullen en de gouverneur een steuntje in de rug geven.
The Feminisation of Belgian Local Party Politics
Authors: Devroe Robin , Erzeel Silvia , Meier Petra
Published: September 2020

The Feminisation of Belgian Local Party Politics

This article investigates the feminisation of local politics. Starting from the observation that the representation of women in local electoral politics lags behind the regional and federal level, and taking into account the relevance of local party branches in the recruitment and selection of candidates for elections, we examine the extent to which there is an ‘internal’ feminisation of local party branches and how this links to the ‘external’ feminisation of local electoral politics. Based on surveys among local party chairs, the article maps patterns of feminisation over time and across parties, investigates problems local branches encounter in the recruitment of candidates for local elections, and analyses the (attitudes towards the) measures taken to further the integration of women in local electoral politics. We conclude that internal and external feminisation do not always go hand in hand and that local politics continues to be a male-dominated political biotope.
Online jeugdcriminaliteit en ‘verkeerde vrienden’: wanneer is de samenhang het sterkst?
Authors: van der Toolen Yaloe , Weulen Kranenbarg Marleen , Weerman Frank
Published: September 2020

Cyber delinquency and hanging out with the wrong crowd: which delinquent friends matter most, and how?

This article investigates whether cyber delinquent behaviour of school friends, other offline friends and online contacts is related to cyber delinquent behaviour of individuals, and whether this relation differs for cyber dependent, cyber enabled and traditional crime. We used both direct and indirect measures of cyber delinquency of friends. We employed data from the first wave of a large-scale study on the causes of online delinquency among Dutch juveniles (n=889; mean age=16.8 years). The results suggest that both direct and indirect measures of levels of friend delinquency were related to levels of individual cyber offending. However, indirect measures had a stronger association with individual online delinquency than direct measures. This suggests that respondents make incorrect estimates of their friends’ levels of online delinquency. Moreover, no differences were found in the strength of the relation between individual online offending and indirect measures of online offending of school friends, offline friends and online friends. This suggests that friends of different types all play an important role in individual online offending.
Análises dos motivos da rejeição da ferramenta Remarketing
Authors: Christino Juliana Maria Magalhães , Cardozo Erico Aurelio Abreu , Silva Bernardo Garretto Cerqueira , Silva Thais Santos
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os motivos que suscitam a rejeição dos consumidores à ferramenta de coleta e uso de dados de navegação denominada remarketing.Método: Este artigo apresentou uma abordagem pluralística por meio de etapa exploratória e etapa conclusivo descritiva, baseada em três modelos teóricos de rejeição a publicidade. Homens e mulheres responderam a perguntas relacionadas a sua percepção sobre o uso de dados de navegação e o remarketing.Originalidade: Pela primeira vez, foi testado empiricamente a síntese dos modelos desenvolvidos por  Cho; Cheon (2004), Kelly; Kerr; Drennan (2010) e Yaakop (2013) para analisar a possibilidade de rejeição dos consumidores com relação a um tipo relativamente novo de propaganda, o remarketing.Resultados: Os resultados apontaram um grande poder explicativo - 85%, sendo os constructos Desordem, Relevância, Invasão e Credibilidade os principais preditores do comportamento de rejeição.Contribuições: Devido a carência de trabalhos empíricos que versem sobre o assunto no contexto brasileiro, e as crescentes possibilidades de utilização de dados de navegação o presente estudo aprofunda os conhecimentos existente e dá suporte empírico para estudos subsequentes.
Multichannel Correlation Clustering Target Detection
Authors: Xu Yan , Dong Jiangtao , Han Zishuo , Wang Peiguang
Published: September 2020

During target tracking, certain multi-modal background scenes are unsuitable for off-line training model. To solve this problem, based on the Gaussian mixture model and considering the pixels’ time correlation, a method that combines the random sampling operator and neighborhood space propagation theory is proposed to simplify the model update process. To accelerate the model convergence, the observation vector is constructed in the time dimension by optimizing the model parameters. Finally, a three channel-multimodal background model fusing the HSI color space and gradient information is established in this study. Hence the detection of moving targets in a complicated environment is achieved. Experiments indicate that the algorithm has good detection performance when inhibiting ghosts, dynamic background, and shade; thus, the execution efficiency can meet the needs of real-time computing.
Die Tiermalerin Rosa Bonheur
Authors: Meiwes Alina Christin
Published: September 2020

The paper focuses on selected animal paintings of French artist Rosa Bonheur (1822–1899). She was the most famous female painter in 19th-century France, creating a huge amount of art works that reflect specific cultural beliefs and values of her time. Bonheur’s pictoral construction of reality shows that her paintings are located at the interface between different artistic strategies. A deep understanding of Bonheur’s work is presented here by drawing connections between animal painting history, social sciences, gender studies and art-historical concepts. In addition, the topic's educational value is explained and connected to contemporary teaching methods.
Can We Predict the Duration of Treatment Requirement by Complete Blood Count in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Patients Receiving Omalizumab?
Authors: CELİK Ebru , DİRİCAN Emre
Published: September 2020

Objectives: The main assay recommended in chronic urticaria is complete blood count (CBC). It is known that changes in the numerical values and rates of blood cells in the CBC are associated with inflammation and thrombotic risk. In addition, the improvement of some patients with short-term Omalizumab treatment, while others need long-term treatment raises the question of whether this difference can be predicted with parameters on the CBC. This study aimes to evaluate the effect of the drug on CBC parameters in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) receiving Omalizumab treatment.

Methods: The study included 66 patients who received Omalizumab treatment with CSU and 34 healthy individuals as a control group. The values of 17 parameters from the biomarkers in the CBC were recorded in the patient group (before the treatment/after 12 weeks of treatment) and in the control group. In addition, patients with CSU according to the Omalizumab treatment requirement was divided into two groups as those who recovered in a short time (≤6 months) (group-1) and those who need longer treatment (> 6 months) (group-2). All data were compared statistically.

Results: It was observed that many inflammatory and thrombotic activation markers in the CBC increased in the patient group before treatment compared to the control group, and even most of these values approached the values of healthy individuals after treatment. When the pre-treatment and post-treatment data of the patients are compared within themselves; neutrophil and platelet numbers and neutrophil-monocyte ratio decreased after treatment and there was a statistically significant difference. When the pre-treatment values of the two groups determined according to the treatment requirement period were compared, it was determined that the eosinophil-basophil ratio (EBR) value was significantly higher in the group-2 patients. It was observed that the number of platelets in group-1 decreased and eosinophil-lymphocyte ratio and eosinophil-neutrophil ratio increased after treatment compared to pre-treatment; platelet, neutrophil counts and EBR values of patients in group-2 decreased, mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) values increased.

Conclusion: It has been determined that Omalizumab treatment has positive effects on patients with CSU that it reduces many inflammatory and thrombotic activation markers in CBC. It was thought that an increase in EBR may be a biomarker that predicts that patients with CSU will need Omalizumab treatment for a longer period. In addition, it was concluded that MPV and PDW values increased during Omalizumab treatment of patients with long-term treatment needs, and that thrombotic activation markers of these patients should be followed more closely during the treatment.
General regularities of seismic activity of Northern Armenia in connection with block structure and tectonic activity
Authors: Ghazaryan K. S. , Sargsyan R. S.
Published: September 2020

The study is focused on searching for spatial regularities in the occurrence of earthquake hypocenters in different geological settings in Northern Armenia. Tectonic-geomorphological indices are applied to define the tectonic activity of blocks composing the study area, which was manifested within a long period of time, starting from the neotectonic development period. The blocks are classified accordingly. The regional seismic activity is analysed considering the block structure of the study area. Earthquake focal mechanisms are determined, and dominant displacement trends are identified. Based on the comparative analysis of the blocks’ tectonic activity indicators and the locations of seismic events differing in strength, regular patterns of spatial distribution of seismic events are identified. It is established that the earthquake hypocenters of different strength occur in certain block structures; and the predominant types of movements in the earthquake hypocenters are largely determined by types of fault structures. It is emphasized that investigating the blocks’ neotectonic activity is important for discovering the general patterns of spatial distribution of seismic events.