bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
S
kinner,
B
urrhus
F
rederic
Authors: Catania A Charles
Published: December 2005

B. F. Skinner (1904–1990), an American psychologist, provided the experimental foundations of contemporary behavior analysis and its applications. He interpreted verbal behavior in terms of those foundations, and he was outspoken about the differences between the methods of behavior analysis and those of cognitive psychology.
Köhler, Wolfgang
Authors: Kornfeld Alfred D
Published: December 2005

Wolfgang Köhler (1887–1967) was a German–American Gestalt psychologist. He conducted seminal research into insight, and believed that psychology should model itself after field physics.
Consciousness, Unity of
Authors: Bayne Tim
Published: December 2005

Consciousness is unified in various ways, but the nature and basis of its unity remains a matter of intense debate. This debate promises to illuminate the nature of experience, the self, and various pathologies of consciousness.
Syntax and Semantics: Formal Approaches
Authors: Morrill Glyn
Published: December 2005

Syntax concerns the relations between words in sentences; semantics concerns the meanings of words and sentences.
Phenomenology, Psychological
Authors: Kubovy Michael
Published: December 2005

Phenomenology is the study of how the world (material, mental, or cultural) appears to me. Given the common view of scientific observation as objective, unaffected by a point of view, it is natural that controversy exists over the role of phenomenology in science.
Game Theory in Economics
Authors: McCabe Kevin A
Published: December 2005

Game theory is an increasingly important tool to help economists understand the strategic interaction between groups of individual decision makers.
Economics, Experimental Methods in
Authors: Smith Vernon L
Published: December 2005

Experimental economics uses laboratory methodology to examine motivated human behavior and its interpretation in small group interactive games, and in bidding, auctioning, and market institutions. Subjects earn cash payments depending upon their joint interactive decisions, and the rules governing their interactions.
Sociobiology
Authors: Segerstråle Ullica
Published: December 2005

Sociobiology, the study of animal social behavior, is represented by a number of approaches, and scientists who practice sociobiology may call themselves by other names. Central sociobiological ideas include inclusive fitness, kin selection, the gene's eye view, reciprocal altruism and mutualism, and game theory.
Extremely High Silver Ionic Conductivity in Composites of Silver Halide (AgBr, AgI) and Mesoporous Alumina
Authors: Yamada H. , Bhattacharyya A. J. , Maier J.
Published: December 2005

The silver ionic conductivity in heterogeneous systems of AgBr:Al2O3 and AgI:Al2O3 is highly enhanced by utilizing mesoporous Al2O3 as the insulating phase. The highest Ag+ conductivity of 3.1 × 10–3 Ω–1 cm–1 (at 25 °C) has been obtained for the AgI:Al2O3 composite with an Al2O3 volume fraction of 0.3. For AgBr:Al2O3, the enhancement of the conductivity is satisfactorily explained in the framework of the ideal space‐charge model, while in the case of AgI:Al2O3 stacking disorder is also considered to contribute to the ionic conductivity.
Stresses associated with diffusion in polyimide and polyacrylics films
Authors: Xu Tao , Farris Richard J.
Published: December 2005

When a constrained polymeric thin film is immersed in a liquid medium, its state of stress changes because the diffusion of the liquid into the film causes it to swell. Polyimide and polyacrylics films are used in the laminated structures of inkjet printheads. Swelling behavior of the films in various ink component solutions are of great interest because they are closely related to the delamination problem. Swelling stress at constant strain was measured using an environmental tensile tester at both ambient and elevated temperatures. Two kinds of information were extracted. One is the extent of stress relaxation, which is the amount of stress decay between initial stress and equilibrium stress. The difference in the extent of stress relaxation could result in delamination if two different materials with different swelling characteristics are bonded together and exposed to a swelling agent. The other piece of information was the diffusion coefficients of the liquid agents into the polymer films. The magnitude of the diffusion coefficient indicates the rate of proceeding by the penetrant, i.e., the rate of swelling of the films. The results show that the extent of stress relaxation and diffusivity are different for two films. In addition, the diffusion in polyimide film is Fickian and the diffusion in polyacrylics film is pseudo‐Fickian. The changes in mechanical properties after swelling also differ. Among all the ink solutions tested, one component was identified as the most influential and detrimental agent. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Durability of wood flour‐plastic composites exposed to accelerated freeze–thaw cycling. II. High density polyethylene matrix
Authors: Pilarski Jeanette M. , Matuana Laurent M.
Published: December 2005

This study examined the durability of extruded HDPE/wood‐flour composites exposed to 15 accelerated cycles of water submersion, freezing, and thawing, according to ASTM standard D6662. The durability of both maple and pine composites was assessed by testing the flexural properties and density. Mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy were also used to evaluate the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and wood flour before and after exposure to accelerated freeze–thaw cycling. Freeze–thaw actions had no apparent effect on the density of the composites after exposure, regardless of the wood species. However, these actions led to moisture uptake, which decreased the interfacial adhesion and increased the pore size and quantity in the composites, which resulted in a significant loss in flexural properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 35–39, 2006
Web unit‐based mining of homepage relationships
Authors: Sun Aixin , Lim Ee‐Peng
Published: December 2005

Homepages usually describe important semantic information about conceptual or physical entities; hence, they are the main targets for searching and browsing. To facilitate semantic‐based information retrieval (IR) at a Web site, homepages can be identified and classified under some predefined concepts and these concepts are then used in query or browsing criteria, e.g., finding professor homepages containing “information retrieval.” In some Web sites, relationships may also exist among homepages. These relationship instances (also known as homepage relationships) enrich our knowledge about these Web sites and allow more expressive semantic‐based IR. In this article, we investigate the features to be used in mining homepage relationships. We systematically develop different classes of inter‐homepage features, namely, navigation, relative‐location, and common‐item features. We also propose deriving for each homepage a set of support pages to obtain richer and more complete content about the entity described by the homepage. The homepage together with its support pages are known to be a Web unit. By extracting inter‐homepage features from Web units, our experiments on the WebKB dataset show that better homepage relationship mining accuracies can be achieved.
X‐linked imprinting: effects on brain and behaviour
Authors: Davies William , Isles Anthony R. , Burgoyne Paul S. , Wilkinson Lawrence S.
Published: December 2005

Imprinted genes are monoallelically expressed in a parent‐of‐origin‐dependent manner and can affect brain and behavioural phenotypes. The X chromosome is enriched for genes affecting neurodevelopment and is donated asymmetrically to male and female progeny. Hence, X‐linked imprinted genes could potentially influence sexually dimorphic neurobiology. Consequently, investigations into such loci may provide new insights into the biological basis of behavioural differences between the sexes and into why men and women show different vulnerabilities to certain mental disorders. In this review, we summarise recent advances in our knowledge of X‐linked imprinted genes and the brain substrates that they may act upon. In addition, we suggest strategies for identifying novel X‐linked imprinted genes and their downstream effects and discuss evolutionary theories regarding the origin and maintenance of X‐linked imprinting. BioEssays 28:35–44, 2006. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The slow road to the eukaryotic genome
Authors: Lester Leo , Meade Andrew , Pagel Mark
Published: December 2005

The eukaryotic genome is a mosaic of eubacterial and archaeal genes in addition to those unique to itself. The mosaic may have arisen as the result of two prokaryotes merging their genomes, or from genes acquired from an endosymbiont of eubacterial origin. A third possibility is that the eukaryotic genome arose from successive events of lateral gene transfer over long periods of time. This theory does not exclude the endosymbiont, but questions whether it is necessary to explain the peculiar set of eukaryotic genes. We use phylogenetic studies and reconstructions of ancestral first appearances of genes on the prokaryotic phylogeny to assess evidence for the lateral gene transfer scenario. We find that phylogenies advanced to support fusion can also arise from a succession of lateral gene transfer events. Our reconstructions of ancestral first appearances of genes reveal that the various genes that make up the eukaryotic mosaic arose at different times and in diverse lineages on the prokaryotic tree, and were not available in a single lineage. Successive events of lateral gene transfer can explain the unusual mosaic structure of the eukaryotic genome, with its content linked to the immediate adaptive value of the genes its acquired. Progress in understanding eukaryotes may come from identifying ancestral features such as the eukaryotic splicesome that could explain why this lineage invaded, or created, the eukaryotic niche. BioEssays 28:57–64, 2006. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular features of meiotic recombination hot spots
Authors: Nishant K.T. , Rao M.R.S.
Published: December 2005

Meiotic recombination occurs preferentially at certain regions called hot spots and is important for generating genetic diversity and proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. Hot spots have been characterized most extensively in yeast, mice and humans. The development of methods based on sperm typing and population genetics has facilitated rapid and high‐resolution mapping of hot spots in mice and humans in recent years. With increasing information becoming available on meiotic recombination in different species, it is now possible to compare several molecular features associated with hot‐spot loci. Further, there have been advances in our knowledge of the factors influencing hot‐spot activity and the role that they play in structuring the genome into haplotype blocks. We review the molecular features associated with hot spots in terms of their properties and mechanisms underlying their function and distribution. A large number of these features seem to be shared among hot spots from different species suggesting common mechanisms for their formation and function. BioEssays 28:45–56, 2006. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minimally invasive surgery of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
Authors: Henry J-F
Published: December 2005

Complements the conventional approach
Fine Tuning of the Oxidation Locus, and Electron Transfer, in Nickel Complexes of Pro‐Radical Ligands
Authors: Rotthaus Olaf , Jarjayes Olivier , Thomas Fabrice , Philouze Christian , Perez Del Valle Carlos , Saint‐Aman Eric , Pierre Jean‐Louis
Published: December 2005

A large number of complexes of the first‐row transition metals with non‐innocent ligands has been characterized in the last few years. The localization of the oxidation site in such complexes can lead to discrepancies when electrons can be removed either from the metal center (leading to an M(n+1)+ closed‐shell ligand) or from the ligand (leading to an Mn+ open‐shell ligand). The influence of the ligand field on the oxidation site in square‐planar nickel complexes of redox‐active ligands is explored herein. The tetradentate ligands employed herein incorporate two di‐tert‐butylphenolate (pro‐phenoxyl) moieties and one orthophenylenediamine spacer. The links between the spacer and both phenolates are either two imines ([Ni(L1)]), two amidates ([Ni(L3)]2−), or one amidate and one imine ([Ni(L2)]−). The structure of each nickel(II) complex is presented. In the noncoordinating solvent CH2Cl2, the one‐electron‐oxidized forms are ligand–radical species with a contribution from a singly occupied d orbital of the nickel. In the presence of an exogenous ligand, such as pyridine, a NiIII closed‐shell ligand form is favored: axial ligation, which stabilizes the trivalent nickel in its octahedral geometry, induces an electron transfer from the metal(II) center to the radical ligand. The affinity of pyridine for the phenoxylnickel(II) species is correlated to the N‐donor ability of the linkers.
Crystal Structure of Stoichiometric YBa2Fe3O8.
Authors: Karen Pavel , Suard Emmanuelle , Fauth Francois
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Deuterium‐Induced Copper Pairing in Zr2CuD≈5.
Authors: Filinchuk Yaroslav E. , Yvon Klaus
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multiband Orange‐Red Luminescence of Eu3+ Ions Based on the Pyrochlore‐Structured Host Crystal.
Authors: Fujihara Shinobu , Tokumo Kazuaki
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Interactions of Silicate Ions with Zinc(II) and Aluminum(III) in Alkaline Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Anseau Michel R. , Leung Jennifer P. , Sahai Nita , Swaddle Thomas W.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Energetics of Formation and Oxidation of Microporous Calcium Aluminates: A New Class of Electrides and Ionic Conductors.
Authors: Trofymluk Olga , Toda Yoshitake , Hosono Hideo , Navrotsky Alexandra
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spinel‐Structured Gallium Oxynitride (Ga3O3N) Synthesis and Characterization: An Experimental and Theoretical Study.
Authors: Soignard Emmanuel , Machon Denis , McMillan Paul F. , Dong Jianjun , Xu Bin , Leinenweber Kurt
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Coordination Polymer [(DBU‐H)(PbI3)]n: Synthesis, Crystallographic Structure and Quantum Chemical Investigation.
Authors: Li Hao‐Hong , Chen Zhi‐Rong , Li Jun‐Qian , Huang Chang‐Cang , Xiao Guang‐Can , Hu Xiao‐Lin , Zhao Bin , Xiao Fu‐Xian
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bismuth Borates: Two New Polymorphs of BiB3O6.
Authors: Li Linyan , Li Guobao , Wang Yingxia , Liao Fuhui , Lin Jianhua
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Solution Stability of Keggin‐Type Heteropolytungstates (NH4)6NIII0.5 [α‐FeIIIO4W11O30Ni IIO5 (OH2)]×nH2O, (NH4)7Zn0.5 [α‐ZnO4W11O30ZnO5 (OH2)]×nH2O, and (NH4)7NiII0.5 [α‐ZnO4W11O30Ni IIO5(OH2)]×nH2O (n ≈ 18).
Authors: Weiner Heiko , Lunk Hans‐Joachim , Friese Rita , Hartl Hans
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Pyridine Coordinated Sandwich‐Type Heteropolyanion {[Na(H2O)2]3 [Ni(C5H5N)] 3(AsW9O33)2}9‐.
Authors: Liu Xue‐Mei , Wang Chong‐Ren , Liu Bin , Xue Gang‐Lin , Hu Huai‐Ming , Wang Ji‐Wu , Fu Feng
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Open‐Framework Copper Borophosphate: Cu(H2O)2 [B2P2O8(OH)2].
Authors: Shi Hengzhen , Li Min , Tangbo Hejin , Kong Aiguo , Chen Bo , Shan Yongkui
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Aliphatic Cyanohydrin Acetates.
Authors: Veum Lars , Hanefeld Ulf
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Stereoselective Benzylation of N‐Sulfinylketimines.
Authors: Garcia Ruano Jose Luis , Aleman Jose , Parra Alejandro
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidations Catalyzed by Phenylacetone Monooxygenase from Thermobifida fusca.
Authors: de Gonzalo Gonzalo , Torres Pazmino Daniel E. , Ottolina Gianluca , Fraaije Marco W. , Carrea Giacomo
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Bi‐ and Tricyclic Arylboronates via Cp*RuCl‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of α,ω‐Diynes with Ethynylboronate.
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Hattori Kozo , Ishii Jun‐ichi , Nishiyama Hisao , Itoh Kenji
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Effect of Wet Molecular Sieve 3Å in Dry Media on Syntheses of Oximes and 1,3‐Dioximes.
Authors: Bigdeli Mohammadali , Rahmati Abbas
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterocyclic Synthesis with Nitriles: Synthesis of Some New Thiophene, Pyridazine, Oxazine, Thiopyran, Pyrrole, and Pyrrolo[1,2‐b]pyridazine Derivatives.
Authors: Abdelrazek Fathy M.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Domino Reactions with Fluorinated Five‐Membered Heterocycles — Syntheses of Trifluoromethyl Substituted Butenolides and γ‐Ketoacids.
Authors: Burger Klaus , Hennig Lothar , Fuchs Annett , Greif Dieter , Spengler Jan , Albericio Fernando
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselectivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/Oxygenation Reactions.
Authors: Kalyani Dipannita , Sanford Melanie S.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Versatile Hypervalent Iodine(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidations with m‐Chloroperbenzoic Acid as a Cooxidant.
Authors: Dohi Toshifumi , Maruyama Akinobu , Yoshimura Misaki , Morimoto Koji , Tohma Hirofumi , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Simple Iron‐Amine Catalysts for the Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Grignards with Alkyl Halides Bearing β‐Hydrogens.
Authors: Bedford Robin B. , Bruce Duncan W. , Frost Robert M. , Hird Michael
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
8‐Methylquinoline Palladacycles: Stable and Efficient Catalysts for Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation.
Authors: Evans Paul , Hogg Paul , Grigg Ronald , Nurnabi Mohamed , Hinsley Joanne , Sridharan Visuvanathar , Suganthan Selvaratnam , Korn Stewart , Collard Simon , Muir Jane E.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Samarium Diiodide Promoted One‐Pot Syntheses of Amides from Azides and Esters.
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Method for the Direct Preparation of Amides from Carboxylic Acids Using Tosyl Chloride under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Khalafi‐Nezhad Ali , Parhami Abolfath , Rad Mohammad Navid Soltani , Zarea Abdolkarim
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidative Deoximation by Supported Bismuth(III) Nitrate Mediated by DABCO under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Niaki Taraneh T. , Oskooiee Hossein A. , Heravi Majid M. , Miralaee Bahareh
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Assembly of α‐Methylene‐γ‐butyrolactones via a Novel, Tandem Claisen—Ene Rearrangement.
Authors: Leclercq Cedric , Marko Istvan E.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Transformation of Easily Available (2Z,4E)‐2,4‐Alkadien‐1‐ols into (E)‐3‐Alkene‐1,2,5‐triol Derivatives.
Authors: Yoshida Shinya , Asano Moriteru , Kobayashi Yuichi
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Neighboring‐Group Influence on the Ring Opening of Some 2‐Alkyl‐1,1,2‐tribromocyclopropanes under Phase‐Transfer Conditions.
Authors: Sydnes Leiv K. , Alnes Karl F. S. , Erdogan Natalia
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐R‐2,2‐Dinitroethanol Orthoesters in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Sheremetev Aleksei B. , Yudin Igor L.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of 2‐Butylsulfanyl‐2‐alkenals with Alcohols and Water
Authors: Keiko N. A. , Chuvashev Yu. A. , Stepanova L. G. , Larina L. I.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereoselective SmI2‐Mediated 3‐exo‐trig Cyclization of δ‐Oxo‐Alkylidenemalonates to Cyclopropanols.
Authors: Zriba Riadh , Bezzenine‐Lafollee Sophie , Guibe Francois , Guillerez Marie‐George
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis by the Intramolecular Haloetherification Reaction of Ene Acetal: Discrimination of Prochiral Dienes in Cyclohexane Systems.
Authors: Fujioka Hiromichi , Kotoku Naoyuki , Sawama Yoshinari , Kitagawa Hidetoshi , Ohba Yusuke , Wang Tsung‐Lung , Nagatomi Yasushi , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pd/C‐Mediated Coupling of Aryl Halides with Terminal Alkynes in Water.
Authors: Batchu Venkateswara Rao , Subramanian Venkataraman , Parasuraman Karuppasamy , Swamy Nalivela Kumara , Kumar Sanjeev , Pal Manojit
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reductive Sulfur Extrusion Reaction of 2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazole Compounds: A New Methodology Using NaBH4/CoCl2×6H2O(cat) as the Reducing System.
Authors: DaSilveira Neto Brenno A. , Lopes Aline S. , Wuest Martina , Costa Valentim E. U. , Ebeling Guenter , Dupont Jairton
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reversal of Aryl Bromide Reactivity in Pd‐Catalyzed Aryl Amination Reactions Promoted by a Hemilabile Aminophosphine Ligand.
Authors: Parisel Sebastien L. , Adrio Luis Angel , Pereira Adriana Amoedo , Perez Marta Marino , Vila Jose M. , Hii King Kuok
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Discovery of Chiral Catalysts by Asymmetric Activation for Highly Enantioselective Diethylzinc Addition to Imines: Using Racemic and Achiral Diimines as Effective Activators.
Authors: Liu Hua , Zhang Hai‐Le , Wang Shuang‐Jun , Mi Ai‐Qiao , Jiang Yao‐Zhong , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Remarkably Effective Catalyst for the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones in Water and Air.
Authors: Wu Xiaofeng , Vinci Daniele , Ikariya Takao , Xiao Jiangliang
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of Sodium Naphthalenide, a Key SET Reagent, on Trifluoroacetyl Derivatives.
Authors: Banerji Avijit , Bandyopadhyay Debasish , Basak Bidyut , Sur Kumar R. , Paul Jyoti N. , Banerji Julie , Chatterjee Asima
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Trisubstituted Monomethylated Benzene‐1,3‐diols via a Michael Addition—Dieckmann Cyclization Sequence from Methyl (E)‐3‐Methoxy‐4‐methoxycarbonylbut‐2‐enoate Anion and Methyl Alkynoates and Its Application to the Total Synthesis of Nidulol.
Authors: Covarrubias‐Zuniga Adrian , San German‐Sanchez Laura , Maldonado Luis A. , Romero‐Ortega Moises , Avila‐Zarraga Jose G.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase Transfer Catalyzed Synthesis of Acyldiazenes from Acylhydrazines.
Authors: Niu Yong‐sheng , Li Jian‐ping
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improved and Efficient Conversion of Nitriles Using Na2CO3/SOCl2.
Authors: Kazemi F. , Kiasat A. R. , Javeherian M.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N,N′‐Diiodo‐N,N′‐1,2‐ethanediylbis(p‐toluenesulfonamide) as a Reagent for Conversion of Aldehydes to Methyl Esters.
Authors: Ghorbani‐Vaghei Ramin , Shahbazee Elham , Veisi Hojat
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unusual Transformations of N‐[2,2,2‐Trichloro‐1‐(4‐methylphenyl)ethyl]‐4‐chlorobenzenesulfonamide by the Action of Dipropylamine
Authors: Rozentsveig I. B. , Levkovskaya G. G. , Albanov A. I. , Dmitrieva I. L. , Mirskova A. N.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Activity of η2‐(Olefin)palladium(0) Complexes with Iminophosphine Ligands in the Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction. Role of the Olefin in the Catalyst Stabilization.
Authors: Scrivanti Alberto , Beghetto Valentina , Matteoli Ugo , Antonaroli Simonetta , Marini Alessia , Crociani Bruno
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium—Benzimidazolium Salt Catalyst Systems for Suzuki Coupling: Development of a Practical and Highly Active Palladium Catalyst System for Coupling of Aromatic Halides with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Huang Wen , Guo Jianping , Xiao Yuanjing , Zhu Miaofen , Zou Gang , Tang Jie
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Use of Tetrahydropyrimidinium Salts for Highly Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Bromides and Chlorides.
Authors: Oezdemir Ismail , Demir Serpil , Cetinkaya Bekir
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct Organocatalytic in situ Generation of Novel Push—Pull Dienamines: Application in Tandem Claisen—Schmidt/Iso‐Aromatization Reactions.
Authors: Ramachary Dhevalapally B. , Ramakumar K. , Kishor M.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pd2(dba)3/P (i‐BuNCH2CH2)3N: A Highly Efficient Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of trans‐4‐N,N‐Diarylaminostilbenes and N,N‐Diarylaminostyrenes.
Authors: Nandakumar Mecheril V. , Verkade John G.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Styrene Dimerization Using Mixed Palladium—Indium Catalysts.
Authors: Bedford Robin B. , Betham Michael , Blake Michael E. , Garces Andres , Millar Sarah L. , Prashar Sanjiv
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Convenient and Efficient Synthesis of 1,1‐Bis‐(4‐alkylthiophenyl)‐1‐alkenes via Tandem Friedel—Crafts Acylation and Alkylation of Sulfides and Acyl Chlorides.
Authors: Xu Jiaxi , Xia Jiakun , Lan Yu
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photo‐Induced Aromatic Assembly of Benzocycloalka[1,2‐b]furan and Spiro[furan‐2(3H),1′‐benzocycloalkane] Derivatives.
Authors: Fujino Reika , Kajikawa Shougo , Nishino Hiroshi
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ionic Liquid Grafted Mn(III)—Schiff Base Complex: A Highly Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for the Epoxidation of Chalcones.
Authors: Peng Yanqing , Cai Yueqin , Song Gonghua , Chen Jing
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Entry to Bicyclic β‐Lactams via Free Radical Cyclization of 2‐Azetidinone‐Tethered Bromohomoallylic Alcohols.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Rodriguez‐Acebes Raquel
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient and Scalable Arylation of Bicyclic Lactones to Form Quaternary Centers Using Conventional and Microwave Radiation.
Authors: Malcolm Scott C. , Ribe Seth , Wang Fengjiang , Hewitt Michael C. , Bhongle Nandkumar , Bakale Roger P. , Shao Liming
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Hydrocyclopenta[1,2‐b]furan with Various Side Chains at 3a‐Position.
Authors: Zhong Weihui , Xie Jun , Peng Xian , Kawamura Tomoyuki , Nemoto Hisao
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐Azetidinones from 2‐Diazo‐1,2‐diarylethanones and N‐(2‐Thienylidene)imines as Possible Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Singh Girija S. , Mmolotsi Boycie J.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Fluoride‐Mediated Synthesis of 5‐Alkyl Amino‐ and Ether‐Substituted Pyrazoles
Authors: Shavnya Andrei , Sakya Subas M. , Minich Martha L. , Rast Bryson , DeMello Kristin Lundy , Jaynes Burton H.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thioacetamide Catalyzed Transformation of Nitriles to 2‐Substituted Imidazolines.
Authors: Dash P. , Kudav D. P. , Parihar J. A.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Optimization of Imidazole 5‐Lipoxygenase Inhibitors and Selection and Synthesis of a Development Candidate.
Authors: Mano Takashi , et al. et al.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bismuth(III) Nitrate Pentahydrate — A Mild and Inexpensive Reagent for Synthesis of Coumarins under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Alexander Varughese M. , Bhat Ramakrishna P. , Samant Shriniwas D.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Synthesis of Flavanones Catalyzed by L‐Proline.
Authors: Chandrasekhar S. , Vijeender K. , Reddy K. Venkatram
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Antibacterial 4‐Amino‐N‐(5‐methylisoxazol‐3‐yl)‐N‐ [(4‐oxo‐2‐phenyl‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐6‐yl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide.
Authors: Oezbey Sueheyla , Akbas Arzu , Ayhan‐Kilcigil Guelguen , Ertan Rahmiye
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Potassium Fluoride/Alumina Mediated Simple Synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Aydin Fatma , Ozen Recep
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives from Isatin.
Authors: El Ashry E. Sayed H. , Ramadan El Sayed , Hamid Hamida Abdel , Hagar Mohamed
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Aromatic Alkylation of Anilines with Cyclic and Acyclic Ketones under Hydrothermal Conditions.
Authors: Mehta Barun K. , Kumamoto Koji , Yanagisawa Kazumichi , Kotsuki Hiyoshizo
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase Transfer Catalyzed Synthesis under Ultrasonic Irradiation and Bioactivity of N′‐(4,6‐Disubstituted‐pyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐N‐(5‐aryl‐2‐furoyl)thiourea Derivatives.
Authors: Ke Shao‐Yong , Wei Tai‐Bao , Xue Si‐Jia , Duan Li‐Ping , Li Jing‐Zhi
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
(E)‐8‐(3‐Chlorostyryl)‐1,3‐7‐trimethylxanthine, a Caffeine Derivative Acting Both as Antagonist of Adenosine A2A Receptors and as Inhibitor of MAO‐B.
Authors: Frederick Raphael , Ooms Frederic , Castagnoli Neal Jr. , Petzer Jacques P. , Feng Jiang‐Fan , Schwarzschild Michael A. , Van der Schyf Cornelis J. , Wouters Johan
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of a New Enantiopure Chiral Aza Crown Ether (I) and Its Application in Enantiomeric Separation
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Yun , Wang Da‐Hui , Leng Tao‐Hua , Yu Qing‐Sen
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Cyclization of Humulene 6,7‐ and 9,10‐Epoxides Catalyzed by Tetracyanoethylene
Authors: Hanson James R. , Hitchcock Peter B. , Macias‐Sanchez Antonio J. , Mobbs Daniel J.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Labdane‐Type Diterpenoids from Leonurus heterophyllus Sw.
Authors: Giang Phan Minh , Son Phan Tong , Matsunami Katsuyoshi , Otsuka Hideaki
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cupaniol, a New Branched Polyprenol, from Cupania latifolia.
Authors: Sakane Wataru , Hara Noriyuki , Fujimoto Yoshinori , Takaishi Yoshihisa , Acuna Ricardo , Osorio Coralia , Duque Carmenza
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Isolation and Structure Elucidation of a New Sesquiterpene Lactone from the Poisonous Plant Coriaria japonica (Coriariaceae).
Authors: Kinoshita Takeshi , Itaki Nao , Hikita Maho , Aoyagi Yutaka , Hitotsuyanagi Yukio , Takeya Koichi
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microbial Transformation of Mestranol by Cunninghamella elegans.
Authors: Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Musharraf Syed Ghulam , Siddiqui Zafar Ali , Khan Naik Tameen , Ali Rahat Azhar , Atta‐ur‐Rahman Atta‐ur‐Rahman
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Synthesis of Dioscin and Its Analogues.
Authors: Hou Shujie , Zou Chuanchun , Zhou Liang , Lei Pingsheng , Yu Dequan
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Evaluation of Strychnos pseudoquina St. Hil. Leaves Extract on Gastrointestinal Activity in Mice.
Authors: Aparecido da Silva Marcelo , Murino Rafacho Bruna Pola , Hiruma‐Lima Clelia Akiko , Machado da Rocha Lucia Regina , Campaner dos Santos Lourdes , Sannomiya Miriam , Monteiro Souza‐Brito Alba Regina , Vilegas Wagner
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Total Synthesis of the Biologically Active 2,7‐Dioxygenated Tricyclic Carbazole Alkaloids 7‐Methoxy‐O‐methylmukonal (IIIa), Clausine H (Clauszoline‐C) (IIIb), Clausine K (Clauszoline‐J) (IIIc) and Clausine O (IIId).
Authors: Kataeva Olga , Krahl Micha P. , Knoelker Hans‐Joachim
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two New Flavonoids from Andrographis macrobotrys
Authors: Reddy B. Anil Kumar , Reddy M. Vijaya Bhaskar , Gunasekar D. , Murthy M. Marthanda , Caux C. , Bodo B.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Total Synthesis of Justicidone, a p‐Quinone‐Lignan Derivative from Justicia hyssopifolia.
Authors: Boluda Carlos J. , Lopez Hermelo , Perez Jose A. , Trujillo Juan M.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isolation of Onosmins A and B, Lipoxygenase Inhibitors from Onosma hispida.
Authors: Ahmad Ijaz , Nawaz Sarfraz Ahmad , Afza Nighat , Malik Abdul , Fatima Itrat , Khan Sher Bahadar , Ahmad Manzoor , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Eleven New 2‐Pyrones from a Fungi Imperfecti, Trichurus terrophilus, Found in a Screening Study Guided by Immunomodulatory Activity.
Authors: Fujimoto Haruhiro , Okamoto Yoshie , Sone Eriko , Maeda Satomi , Akiyama Kohki , Ishibashi Masami
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors from the Heartwood of Vietnamese Caesalpinia sappan.
Authors: Nguyen Mai Thanh Thi , Awale Suresh , Tezuka Yasuhiro , Tran Quan Le , Kadota Shigetoshi
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of C3—C12 Dihydropyran Portion of Antitumor Laulimalide Using Copper‐Catalyzed Oxonium Ylide Formation‐[2,3] Shift.
Authors: Yakura Takayuki , Muramatsu Wataru , Uenishi Jun'ichi
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Single Crystal Manganese Oxide Multipods by Oriented Attachment.
Authors: Zitoun David , Pinna Nicola , Frolet Nathalie , Belin Claude
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Gallium Phosphide Nanotubes.
Authors: Wu Qiang , Hu Zheng , Liu Chun , Wang Xizhang , Chen Yi , Lu Yinong
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Dimensional BiPO4 Nanorods and Two‐Dimensional BiOCl Lamellae: Fast Low‐Temperature Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Growth Mechanism.
Authors: Geng Jun , Hou Wen‐Hua , Lv Yi‐Nong , Zhu Jun‐Jie , Chen Hong‐Yuan
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pyrazolidine Derivatives with Heteroaryl Urea as Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors.
Authors: Ahn Jin Hee , et al. et al.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Incommensurate Magnetic Response in Cuprate Perovskites
Authors: Sherman A.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metalloid Al‐ and Ga‐Clusters: A Novel Dimension in Organometallic Chemistry Linking the Molecular and the Solid‐State Areas?
Authors: Schnoeckel H.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Materials with a Large Magnetoresistance ‐ Some Unifying Aspects
Authors: Baerner K.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spin‐Dependent Phenomena in Metallic Materials Containing Nano‐Scale Magnets
Authors: Wang Jian‐Qing
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organometallic Complexes of B‐, Si‐ (Ge‐), and P‐ (As‐, Sb‐) Analogues of Pyridine
Authors: Sadimenko Alexander P.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ag(I) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Application
Authors: Garrison Jered C. , Youngs Wiley J.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polynuclear Complexes in 3d‐4f Systems
Authors: Costisor Otilia , Linert Wolfgang
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diruthenium σ‐Alkynyl Compounds: A New Class of Conjugated Organometallics
Authors: Ren Tong
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nonlinear Optical Ionic Liquids
Authors: Del Sesto Rico E. , Dudis Doug S. , Ghebremichael Fassil , Heimer Norman E. , Low Tammy K. C. , Wilkes John S. , Yeates A. Todd
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Starburst Complexes of Di‐2‐pyridylamine Derivatives with a Benzene or 1,3,5‐Triazine Core
Authors: Seward Corey , Wang Suning
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Proton Exchange Between Strong Acids and Alkanes
Authors: Sommer Jean , Goeppert Alain
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stable Ion Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs); Modeling Electrophiles from Carcinogens
Authors: Laali Kenneth K.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Antiaromaticity Effects in Cyclopentadienyl Carbocations and Free Radicals
Authors: Allen Annette D. , Tidwell Thomas T.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Studies of Long‐Lived Carbocations and Carbodications
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Reddy V. Prakash
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
100 Years of Carbocations and Their Significance in Chemistry
Authors: Olah George A.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Combinatorial Approach to the Discovery of Chiral Catalysts for Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Ding Kuiling
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selectivity with Catalytic Antibodies: What Can Be Achieved?
Authors: Gouverneur Veronique
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
4‐[(4′‐Methylphenyl)sulfonyl] ‐1‐(triphenylphosphoranylidene)‐2‐butanone— A New Versatile Building Block for Substituted Divinyl Ketones in the Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: De Risi Carmela
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Significant Improvement of Catalytic Efficiencies in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Song Choong Eui , Yoon Mi Young , Choi Doo Seong
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Reactions — A Treasure Trove of Atom‐Economic Transformations
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Frederiksen Mathias U. , Rudd Michael T.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Applications of Porphyrins.
Authors: Semeikin A. S. , Golubchikov O. A. , Koifman O. I.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Flexible Microporous Coordination Polymers
Authors: Uemura Kazuhiro , Matsuda Ryotaro , Kitagawa Susumu
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Strategies of Synthetic Methodologies for Constructing β‐Mannosidic Linkage
Authors: El Ashry E. S. H. , Rashed N. , Ibrahim E. S. I.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Evolution of Functional Cyclohexadiene‐Based Synthetic Reagents: The Importance of Becoming Aromatic
Authors: Walton John C. , Studer Armido
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ultrafast Chemistry: Using Time‐Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy for Interrogation of Structural Dynamics
Authors: Nibbering Erik T. J. , Fidder Henk , Pines Ehud
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fluorine in Peptide Design and Protein Engineering
Authors: Jaeckel Christian , Koksch Beate
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic, Self‐Assembly ABCD Nanoparticles; a Structural Paradigm for Viable Synthetic Non‐Viral Vectors
Authors: Kostarelos Kostas , Miller Andrew D.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sigma‐ and Pi‐Electron Delocalization: Focus on Substituted Effects
Authors: Krygowski Tadeusz Marek , Stepien Beata Tamara
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Xenon NMR as a Probe for Microporous and Mesoporous Solids, Polymers, Liquid Crystals, Solutions, Flames, Proteins, Imaging
Authors: Bartik Kristin , Choquet Philippe , Constantinesco Andre , Duhamel Guillaume , Fraissard Jacques , Hyacinthe Jean‐Noel , Jokisaari Jukka , Locci Emanuela , Lowery Thomas J. , Luhmer Michel , et al. et al.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The clinical phenotype of wild‐type, heterozygous, and homozygous JAK2V617F in polycythemia vera
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Lasho Terra L. , Schwager Susan M. , Strand Jacob S. , Elliott Michelle , Mesa Ruben , Li Chin‐Yang , Wadleigh Martha , Lee Stephanie J. , Gilliland D. Gary
Published: December 2005

BACKGROUND

Several studies have recently reported on the occurrence of a JAK2V617F mutation in myeloid cells from the majority of patients with polycythemia vera (PV). The clinical relevance of this novel observation currently is under study.

METHODS

In a single institutional study, mutation screening for JAK2V617F was performed in DNA derived from archived blood granulocytes from 63 consecutive patients with PV in whom current diagnostic criteria were strictly applied and the diagnosis confirmed by bone marrow histology.

RESULTS

The JAK2V617F mutant allele was detected in 58 of the 63 patients (92%) with 21% homozygosity. The clinical phenotype of the five patients with the wild‐type allele was otherwise typical for the disease. A statistical comparison between JAK2V617F heterozygotes (n = 45 patients) and homozygotes (n = 13 patients) did not reveal any significant associations with regard to age, gender, leukocyte or platelet count at the time of diagnosis, duration of disease, or the incidences of thrombosis or bleeding. However, compared with their heterozygote counterparts, JAK2V617F homozygote patients displayed a significantly higher hemoglobin level at the time of diagnosis (P = 0.001), an increased incidence of pruritus (69% vs. 38%; P = 0.04), a higher rate of fibrotic transformation (23% vs. 2%; P = 0.009), and higher PRV‐1 transcript levels in their blood granulocytes (P = 0.07).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the current clinical study support previous laboratory observations that link JAK2V617F with the PV phenotype by demonstrating a mutant allele dose effect on erythrocytosis and clinical and laboratory features characteristic of PV. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Clinically significant prognostic factors for differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Lundgren Catharina Ihre , Hall Per , Dickman Paul W. , Zedenius Jan
Published: December 2005

BACKGROUND

Different scoring systems currently are being used to stratify patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) into risk groups. DTC is usually subdivided into papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). The objective of the current study was to identify those factors that predict long‐term unfavorable prognosis and to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the TNM staging system.

METHODS

The authors conducted a nested case–control study within the cohort of all patients (n = 5123) diagnosed with DTC in Sweden between 1958–1987 who survived at least 1 year after diagnosis. One control, matched by age at diagnosis, gender, and calendar period, was randomly selected for each case (patients who died of DTC). All patients were classified at the time of diagnosis according to the TNM staging system. The effect of prognostic factors on DTC mortality was evaluated using conditional logistic regression.

RESULTS

Patients with widely invasive FTC experienced a significantly higher mortality compared with PTC patients. The grade of differentiation was found to influence mortality significantly. Patients with TNM Stage IV disease had a higher mortality rate compared with patients with Stage II disease (odds ratio [OR] = 9.1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.7–14.6). Patients with lymph node metastases experienced a higher mortality (OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.6–4.1) and patients with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis were found to have a nearly 7‐fold higher mortality rate (OR = 6.6; 95% CI, 4.1–10.5). Incomplete surgical excision was associated with higher mortality, particularly in patients with Stage I disease.

CONCLUSIONS

In the current study, the following were found to be clinically significant prognostic factors for patients with DTC: histopathologic subgroup, TNM staging including lymph node metastases and distant metastases, and completeness of the surgical excision.Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Sensitized Emission of Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes Based on 4‐Naphthalen‐1‐yl‐Benzoic Acid Derivatives by a Charge‐Transfer Process
Authors: Kim Yong Hee , Baek Nam Seob , Kim Hwan Kyu
Published: December 2005

The photophysical properties of 4‐naphthalen‐1‐yl‐benzoic acid ligands and their EuIII‐cored complexes were systematically investigated to elucidate the effective energy‐transfer pathway in luminescent lanthanide complexes. A series of 4‐naphthalen‐1‐yl‐benzoic acid ligands, such as 4‐naphthalen‐1‐yl‐benzoic acid (NA‐1), 4‐[4‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐naphthalen‐1‐yl]‐benzoic acid (NA‐2), and 4‐{4‐[4‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐naphthalen‐1‐yl]‐benzyloxy}‐benzoic acid (NA‐3), were synthesized and utilized for the synthesis of their EuIII‐cored complexes, corresponding to NAC‐1, NAC‐2, and NAC‐3. The fluorescence spectra of NA‐1 and NA‐2 show large Stokes shifts with increasing solvent polarity. These large Stokes shifts might be dominantly due to the formation of an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) complex in the excited state. Also, the intensive luminescence of the EuIII ions by the photoexcitation of the ligand in NAC‐1 and NAC‐2 in polar solvents supports that the energy transfer from the ligand to the EuIII ion takes place efficiently. In the case of NA‐3, which has a CH2OPh group that acts as a blocking group, there is no dependence of the fluorescence spectrum on the solvent nature and no luminescence of the EuIII ions by the photoexcitation of the ligand, indicating no formation of the ICT state. This can be due to the fact that the formation of the ICT state in NA‐3 was prevented because the OCH2 group acts as a blocking group by interrupting the π‐conjugation between the benzoic acid and the naphthalene unit. From these photophysical studies, we suggest that the ICT state plays a very important role in the energy‐transfer pathway from the ligand to the EuIII ion. To our best knowledge, this is the first demonstration of sensitized emission of luminescent lanthanide complexes based on 4‐naphthalen‐1‐yl‐benzoic acid derivatives by the charge‐transfer process.