bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Denials as Defense Mechanism of Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsby (2013) Movie
Authors: Dewi Cinthya Nisrina , Bustam Muhammad Rayhan
Published: November 2024

This research aims to analyse denial as defense mechanism in main character of The Great Gatsby (2013) movie, Jay Gatsby. This research discovered denials as defense mechanism in psychoanalytic in the main character, which based on Sigmund Freud's theory. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive method based on the movie’s dialogue and character’s behaviour. The Great Gatsby (2013) movie was the primary data source in this research. This research identifies 3 types of denial as defense mechanism in Jay Gatsby's character. Jay Gatsby shows that his denials were caused of his own ego, that he can’t accept reality he was born in a poor family and his unhealthy obsession towards Daisy Buchanan which their relationship has ended long time ago and now Daisy is already Tom Buchanan’s wife.
Keywords: Pyschoanalysis, Defense Mechanism, Denial
Praktik Ketidakadilan Gender pada Novel Kushin Techō Karya Emi Yagi
Authors: Sabrina Syifa , Haryanti Pitri
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti mengenai ketidakadilan gender yang dialami oleh tokoh Shibata dalam novel Kushin Techō karya Emi Yagi (2020). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra dengan tujuan untuk dapat mengetahui ketidakadilan gender yang terjadi dalam masyarakat Jepang khususnya di tempat kerja yang tercermin dalam novel Kushin Techō. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriftif dengan data penelitian berupa kalimat atau dialog yang menggambarkan bentuk ketidakadila gender yang diterima oleh tokoh Shibata dalam novel Kushin Techō. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik simak catat. Hasil penelitian  menemukan dua bentuk ketidakadilan gender di tempat kerjanya yang dialami oleh Shibata, yaitu: 1) mendapatkan beban kerja lain yang di luar tugas utama disebabkan karena dia adalah seorang wanita, dan; 2) mendapatkan kekerasan verbal dari rekan kerja. Hasil penelitian ini pun menunjukkan bahwa gambaran tokoh Shibata dalam novel Kushin Techō merupakan cerminan adanya ketidakadilan gender yang terjadi di Jepang.
Kata kunci: Ketidakadilan Gender, Cerminan Masyarakat, Novel
Tinjauan Komprehensif Evolusi, Aplikasi, dan Tren Masa Depan Programmable Logic Controllers (A Comprehensive Review of the Evolution, Applications, and Future Trends of Programmable Logic Controllers)
Authors: Herdiana Budi , Setiawan Eko Budi , Sartoyo Usman
Published: November 2024

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) telah menjadi komponen vital dalam otomatisasi industri dan sistem kontrol sejak kemunculannya. Perkembangan pesat PLC memicu perlunya tinjauan komprehensif terkait aplikasinya di berbagai industri. Artikel ini menyajikan tinjauan menyeluruh tentang PLC, mulai aplikasinya yang beragam, evolusi perkembangan PLC, serta tren masa depan dari PLC. Kajian literatur dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan dan menganalisis informasi dari berbagai sumber terpercaya, termasuk jurnal ilmiah, buku teks, dan laporan industri. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa PLC telah diterapkan secara luas di berbagai industri, termasuk manufaktur, energi, pengolahan air, transportasi, otomatisasi bangunan, dan pertanian. Integrasi teknologi seperti Internet of Things (IoT), kecerdasan artificial atau Artificial Intelligence (AI), dan langkah-langkah keamanan siber telah meningkatkan fungsionalitas dan keamanan sistem PLC. Studi kasus yang disajikan menunjukkan implementasi praktis dan manfaat PLC dalam berbagai skenario dunia nyata. PLC terbukti memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan efisiensi operasional, keandalan, dan produktivitas di berbagai sektor. Tantangan dan tren masa depan yang dibahas dalam artikel ini termasuk integrasi PLC dalam Industri 4.0 dan otomatisasi cerdas. Kesimpulan dari kajian ini adalah PLC merupakan teknologi otomatisasi yang esensial dengan aplikasi luas di berbagai industri. Upaya penelitian dan pengembangan berkelanjutan diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan teknologi PLC dan aplikasinya di masa depan.
Studi Performansi Algoritma Perencanaan Jalur Berbasis Informed Rapidly-exploring Random Tree Star
Authors: Rahajoeningroem Tri , Gunastuti Dwi Anie
Published: November 2024

Perencanaan jalur merupakan aspek penting dalam robotika, memungkinkan robot untuk mencapai tujuannya dengan aman dan efisien. Algoritma Informed Rapidly-exploring Random Tree Star (Informed RRT*) telah menjadi salah satu metode perencanaan jalur yang populer karena efisiensinya dan kemampuannya menangani ruang kerja yang kompleks. Sejak diperkenalkan pada tahun 2014, berbagai varian Informed RRT telah dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan performanya. Namun, belum ada studi komprehensif yang membandingkan kinerja varian-varian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi perbandingan kinerja beberapa varian Informed RRT dalam menyelesaikan masalah perencanaan jalur. Algoritma yang dibandingkan adalah APF-IRRT, BI-RRT, Informed RRT* + DWA, Informed RRT*-Connect, Informed RRT*-PSO, MI-RRT-Connect, dan Informed RRT* dengan prosedur wrapping. Kinerja algoritma dievaluasi berdasarkan metrik waktu komputasi dan panjang jalur. Eksperimen dilakukan pada berbagai skenario perencanaan jalur dengan kompleksitas yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varian Informed RRT tertentu menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan yang lain dalam metrik yang berbeda. APF-IRRT dan Informed RRT-Connect* umumnya memiliki waktu komputasi yang lebih cepat, Informed RRT-PSO* dan Informed RRT dengan prosedur wrapping menghasilkan jalur yang lebih halus. Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kekuatan dan kelemahan varian Informed RRT, sehingga memungkinkan pemilihan algoritma yang tepat untuk aplikasi perencanaan jalur yang spesifik.
Rancangan Aplikasi Berbasis Augmented Reality Dalam Pemeliharaan Front panel DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) Merek Thales Tipe 435
Authors: Santhika Satria Ningrum Erlina Dwi , Purwaningtyas Dian Anggraini , - Toni
Published: November 2024

Distance Meaasuring Equipment (DME) merupakan salah satu peralatan navigasi penerbangan yang berfungsi untuk memberikan panduan jarak kepada pesawat  terhadap bandara yang akan dituju. Kondisi setiap peralatan yang digunakan dalam penerbangan perlu dipastikan selalu dalam keadaan normal dengan melakukan pemeliharaan sesuai prosedur. Tingginya kompleksitas dan presisi dalam pemeliharaan dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan mengingat atau beban kognitif seorang teknisi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang prosedur pemeliharaan DME dalam bentuk aplikasi Augmented Reality untuk mengatasi beban kognitif teknisi sehingga dapat meminimalisir human error dan meningkatkan efektivitas kegiatan pemeliharaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan menggunakan metode prototype dengan untuk merancang aplikasi Augmented Reality DME yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna. Informasi yang ditampilkan yaitu pemeriksaan indikator, pengukuran fasilitas penunjang dan pembacaan nilai parameter DME. Pengguna dapat mengakses prosedur pemeliharaan DME melalui perangkat android. Hasil evaluasi aplikasi Augmented Reality DME menggunakan pengujian Functional suitability didapatkan bahwa semua fitur atau menu dapat beroperasi dengan baik tanpa error. Dengan demikian, aplikasi ini dapat digunakan untuk membantu teknisi dalam meningkatkan efektivitas prosedur pemeliharaan DME Merek Thales 435.
Rancang Bangun Gelang GPS Tracker dengan Komunikasi Long Range (LoRa) untuk Mengetahui Posisi Pendaki Gunung
Authors: Handoko Tri , Sirait Ari Valentino , Hasani Rifqi Fuadi , Danaryani Sri , Supriyanto Toto , Nurjihan Shita Fitria , Febryanti Dita Indra
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengembangkan gelang GPS Tracker dengan komunikasi LoRa untuk memantau posisi pendaki gunung secara real-time di area tanpa sinyal seluler, serta memberikan notifikasi darurat. Sistem ini menggunakan modul GPS untuk menentukan lokasi pendaki dan modul LoRa untuk mengirimkan data lokasi ke sesama pendaki dan pos pendaki. Semua data pendaki, termasuk lokasi mereka, akan ditampilkan di aplikasi android. Pengujian dilakukan di Hutan UI dan Bukit Pelangi untuk mengevaluasi akurasi koordinat yang dikirimkan. Di Hutan UI, koordinat yang dikirimkan oleh Leader dan dua Pendaki menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan posisi sebenarnya, dengan akurasi hingga 0,000013° untuk lintang dan 0,00005° untuk bujur. Di Bukit Pelangi, deviasi koordinat maksimal sekitar 0,000043° untuk lintang dan 0,00006° untuk bujur. Sistem ini mampu melacak posisi pendaki secara akurat, menampilkan semua data pendaki, menyajikan laporan historis pergerakan dalam peta, serta memberikan notifikasi darurat yang cepat ke pemimpin pendakian dan pos pendaki. Gelang ini diharapkan meningkatkan keamanan pendaki dan mempercepat proses penyelamatan oleh tim SAR
Language Choice in Expressing Swear Words among Multilinguals in an Iranian Azari-Speaking City
Authors: Mohammadpour Kimia
Published: November 2024

The growing prevalence of multilingualism in our interconnected world has sparked the attention of scholars across various fields, particularly in understanding how proficient multilingual individuals articulate their emotions. This qualitative study explores how Azari multilinguals in an Iranian Azari-speaking city express emotions, specifically swearing preferences. Twenty adult multilinguals (10 female, 10 male), fluent in Azari, Persian, and English, participated. Semi-structured interviews examined their language preferences when expressing anger and swearing. Thematic analyses revealed Azari swear words carried the most emotional weight, leading most participants to choose Azari to vent frustration. Gender differences were also noted, with females generally refraining from swearing. However, when they did swear, they predominantly used milder swear words in Persian. This study provides valuable insights into the language dynamics of multilingual communities, with significant implications for researchers and language educators regarding practical applications for language education and social interaction.
Specifying the Elements of the Political, Social and Economic Democracy in Kuwaiti Constitution
Authors: Hussain Majid Salman
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this research is to see how far the Kuwaiti constitution has taken from the two paradigms of democracy, based upon principles of free individual enterprise and socialists.
As well as, the aim of this research is to identify the main principles of Kuwaiti constitutional law in the context of the political and social values that influence their development. The main theme underlines this research is to compare the articles of Kuwaiti constitution in the aspects of the social and political system with the United Nation's Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Islamic Sharia Law and other Human Rights declarations, which particularly relate to the political freedoms and underpin democracy. These include freedom of expression and assembly, access to information, and national security.
Le concept du contrat du transport maritime de marchandises et les Conventions qui le rglementent
Authors: Fattal Raghid Abdul-Hamid
Published: November 2024

Somalian Piracy constitutes one of the main threats not only to internAlthough the contract of carriage sometimes looks similar to other contracts such as the contract of affreightment and tonnage contract, the legal system that governs it is different.
Several Conventions, Protocols or International Rules regulate the carriage of goods. We can mention the American Harter Act, the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to Bills of Lading signed at Brussels on 25 August 1924 (The Hague Rules), the Protocol to Amend the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading signed at Brussels on 23 February 1968 (Visby Rules), the Protocol amending the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading of 25 August 1924 (The Hague Rules), as amended by the Protocol of 23 February 1968, signed at Brussels on December 21st, 1979. We can also mention the United Nations International Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea adopted in Hamburg on March 31st, 1978 (Hamburg Rules). In an effort to organize the maritime transport of goods in an equitable manner, each Convention is intended to fill the gaps of the previous one and maintain a balance between the various parties to the contract of carriage.
At the beginning of the century, each mode of international carriage continues to be governed by autonomous Rules. For the sake of globalization of trade and trade facilitation, jurists acted for the unification of the rules of international carriage. Thus, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) adopted on July 3rd, 2008, the "Draft of Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea". On December 11, 2008, the United Nations General Assembly formally adopted the "the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea", and recommended that the rules laid down in the Convention are from now on known as the "Rules of Rotterdam". This Convention has since then been open to ratification by the states. It shall enter into force one year after the ratification meeting at least twenty states. These Rules have advantages, but they also have some disadvantages. A study of these advantages and disadvantages is interesting.: Piracy, international legal system, International Law, sovereign territory, non-liquet, UN resolutions, Universal Jurisdiction, United Nations Charter, Non-State Actor
The Enhanced Role of the High Judicial Council and the Marginalized Role of the Ministry of Justice
Authors: Abdulbaqi Mustafa
Published: November 2024

Although the Palestinian legal system is based on the Latin system, the administration of justice in Palestine resembles that of the USA. The judiciary in the Palestinian legal system is a separate branch and manages its own human resources and budget; whereas the judiciary in the continental legal systems, including UK, is dependent on the executive for its administrative and financial functions.
The Palestinian High Judicial Council (HJC) is the national administrator of justice. It has its own peculiarities, which is different from those present in most of the European countries, regarding the composition of the council; the body which has the power to appoint the members of the council; the process according to which they are appointed; andthe role of the council.
As a result, the role of the Palestinian Ministry of Justice in the administration of justice is marginalized; meanwhile role of the HJC is enhanced. Recently, the Court Administrator Position has been developed to assist the HJC in managing the judicial system.
الحكم بعدم دستورية المادة (١٦) من القانون رقم (١٢) لسنة ١٩٦٣ بشأن اللائحة الداخلية لمجلس الأمة الكويتي وموقف المحكمة الدستورية من الفصل في صحة العضوية
Authors: بطيخ رمضان محمد
Published: November 2024

صدرت في العامين الماضيين ۲۰۱۷، ۲۰۱۸، مجموعة من الأحكام القضائية الهامة التي تتعلق ببعض أعضاء مجلس الأمة، وكان أول هذه الأحكام حكم محكمة التمييز رقم ۲۰۱٧/١٥٤١ في الجناية رقم ۲۰۱۱/۹٤٦ بحبس عضوين من أعضاء مجلس الأمة ثلاث سنوات وستة أشهر مع الشغل؛ ثم حكم المحكمة الدستورية رقم (۱) لسنة ۲۰۱٨ بعدم قبول الطعن بإسقاط عضوية النائبين سالفي الذكر وإعلان خلو مقعديهما؛ وأخيراً حكم المحكمة الدستورية رقم (1) لسنة ۲۰۱٨ بعدم دستورية المادة (١٦) من اللائحة الداخلية لمجلس الأمة الصادرة بالقانون رقم ١٢ لسنة ١٩٦٣. لقد أثارت هذه الأحكام التباساً في الواقع السياسي والدستوري بصفة عامة
وفي الأوساط السياسية والدستورية بصفة خاصة، وبين أعضاء مجلس الأمة على
وجه الخصوص، حول العديد من المعطيات والموضوعات التي طفت على السطح
بصدورها.
Legal status of an independent board member: A comparative perspective between the legal position in Kuwait and USA
Authors: Al-Shebli Abdullah
Published: November 2024

While there is no clear definition of what corporate governance is, corporate governance principles can be described as an intervention in the management of a company. Every listed company must have a board of directors. One of the most important corporate governance principles is to strengthen the board composition by having an independent director.
This article deals with one of the most important issues related to corporate governance of Kuwait's main securities market: having independent directors on the board. Corporate governance as it relates to listed companies is sensitive to economic, social and political variables. Consequently, the 2015 Kuwaiti Corporate Governance Code (KCGC) raises a number of questions. For example, what requirements should list companies follow when appointing independent directors? To what extent are listed companies obliged to apply it in present circumstances? Finally, can practical solutions be found that will satisfy the parties concerned?
    In discussing the role of independent director in KSE, this paper will compare the provisions of corporate governance in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and those in Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE). This article will be underpinned by a comparative legal analysis of the NYSE relating to corporate governance in an effort to improve the KCGC.
Keywords: independent director, corporate governance, Kuwaiti Stock Exchange, New York Stock Exchange
حقوق (Miranda) كضمانة إجرائية لحماية حقوق المتهم فـي مواجهة الاستجواب الشرطي (الأمني)
Authors: العيفان مشاري خليفة
Published: November 2024

تتناول هذه الدراسة أحد الموضوعات الهامة في الإجراءات الجزائية وهو قاعدة (Miranda) التي قررتها محكمة التمييز الفيدرالية الأمريكية وذلك لإضفاء حماية دستورية على حقوق المتهم المقبوض عليه، ولضمان احترام هذه القاعدة قررت المحكمة تبني قاعدة استبعاد كل دليل يتم التحصل عليه من انتهاك هذه القاعدة، وتتبنى هذه الدراسة المنهج التحليلي والفلسفي لقرارات محكمة التمييز الفيدرالية.
Revisiting Veto Power in the Context of Atrocity Crimes: the Syrian Conflict as a Case Study
Authors: Al-Muhana Sharefah Ahmad
Published: November 2024

The excessive, abusive use of veto power during the war in Syria has prompted the international community to seek ways to overcome this veto power, mainly when doing so is necessary to prevent atrocities. The use of veto power to advance the national or regional interests as well as the economic, political, or strategic interests of a Security Council’s permanent member state on a way that impair a vital humanitarian interest of a state under conflict or the international community as a whole, undermines the Security Council’s role to maintain the international peace and security. This usage may also affect other states’ compliance with the veto power. In other words, the veto system could eventually lose its effectiveness if the international community continues to find justifications to non-compliance with the veto.
This paper sheds light on events that have occurred during the Syrian war that give rise to Grotian Moments, or have the potential to do so, to create new customary international law rules governing the use of the veto power. Furthermore, this paper sorts out the principles invoked during those events as legal justifications to restrict or overthrow the veto power. Moreover, this paper identifies legal circumstances to facilitate any discussions regarding setting limitations on or obstructions to veto power in the context of atrocities.
This research stresses the importance of determining a proper environment to overcome the veto power. This environment consists of unified, clear, and fair circumstances acceptable to all states, regardless of whether they are permanent or non-permanent members of the Security Council. Therefore, this proposal seeks to advance the legal system governing the use of the veto power for fighting brutality.  
Keywords: International criminal law, human rights law, universal jurisdiction, veto, customary international law, international organizations.
سلطة القاضي على العقد؛ دور واختصاص القضاء في فرنسا والجزائر في مواجهة مجلس المنافسة
Authors: رزيق موسى
Published: November 2024

تعني هذه الدراسة ببحث سلطة قاضي المحكمة في تعديل العقود ذات الصلة بالمنافسة في ضوء القوانين المنظمة لسلطته في شأن أعمال المنافسة من جهة، وكذا المراسيم المنظمة لمجلس المنافسة كهيئة إدارية تعني بتسيير وضبط قضايا المنافسة من جهة أخرى. وفي هذا الشأن تحلل الدراسة الصلاحيات التي يخولها القانون لقاضي المحكمة مقابل الصلاحيات الممنوحة لمجلس المنافسة في كل من فرنسا والجزائر، لتتبيّن قدر التعارض أو الانسجام بينهما، وأيهما يغلب على الآخر.وتهدف الدراسة إلى التنويه عن مدى توازن العلاقة بين قاضي المحكمة ومجلس المنافسة، وأثر ذلك على حماية إرادة المتعاقدين -العقد- في ضوء الصلاحيات التي يخولها القانون لكل من قاضي المحكمة وهيئة مجلس المنافسة.
مستحدثات قانون التنفيذ الفرنسي الجديد رقم ۷۸۳/ لسنة ۲۰۱۲ في السندات التنفيذية، ووسائل الإجبار على التنفيذ وطرق الحجز المختلفة واختصاص قاضي التنفيذ نوعيا ومحليا
Authors: عطية عزمي عبدالفتاح
Published: November 2024

هدف البحث هو شرح القواعد التي جاءت في قانون الإجراءات المدنية للتنفيذ رقم ۷۸۳ الصادر في فرنسا عام ۲۰۱۲ في مسائل السندات التنفيذية والتوسع فيها، ووسائل الإجبار على التنفيذ وعلى الأخص الغرامة التهديدية القطعية، والتجديدات في طرق الحجز على المنقول والعقار وما للمدين لدى الغير. والتعريف بقاضي التنفيذ ونطاق اختصاصاته القضائية بالفصل في منازعات التنفيذ وصعوباته وإعطاء المدين نظرة ميسرة وفرض غرامة تهديدية على المدين التنفيذ السندات التنفيذية ولو كانت أحكامة صادرة من غيره والحكم في طلبات التعويض عن التعسف في استعمال الحق الذي قد يقع من المدين أو من الدائن. وتحديد قاضي التنفيذ المختص محليا حسب مكان الأموال المحجوز عليها أو موطن المدين. مع إجراء مقارنة بين القانون الفرنسي والقانون الكويتي في موضوعات البحث.
Commercial book keeping electronically according to Algerian Law - A comparativ study
Authors: Krim Karima
Published: November 2024

Keeping the commercial books, one of the most important obligations of the merchant, its role is to determine his financial situation such as it used in proof. The law allows merchant to use computer technology to fulfill its accounting obligations, is indirectly recorded with using micro-films, or is done directly: when pounds or accountancy will be electronic with the aid of computer system in all stages of recording. The legal organization of this accounting defers between legislation that sets out provisions for the regulated and subjecting it to the general rules of traditional books-like the Algerian law-, and legislation to which certain provisions are applied, without the subjecting at the general dispositions of commercial code to hold pounds of trade-like the UAE law-. In spite of this difference, they are assimilated with books traditional in the field of proof.
Key- words: the merchant, traditional trade books, electronic accounting, electronic support, computer system.
parliamentary proposals to increase public expenditures to face economic challenges Comparative study
Authors: Alazmi Athbi KH.
Published: November 2024

Government and parliamentary efforts are combined when faced with a particular financial crisis. parliamentary proposals is often a means of pressuring the government to increase public spending to cope with the crisis. The government's role in Kuwait is characterized by dependence on oil public revenues.The Debates in the plenary  for parliamentary proposals to increase public expenditures  during the discussions of  the draft budget in parliament.the study concluded that parliamentary proposals of a financial nature have a negative impact when over-increasing   public expenditures or reducing public revenues.  It is not permissible parliamentary proposals to impose a tax to cover public health expenditures because it contradicts the constitutional principle: "non-allocation of public revenues". The French and Egyptian legislators are unlike Kuwaiti distinguished themselves from their counterparts in terms of recognition of the principle: Acceptable limits of parliamentary proposals. The study recommended amending the Kuwaiti Financial Law by adding "Acceptable limits" that allow a member of the National Assembly to influence the Estimates. The study also recommended to create an interim parliamentary committee when studying parliamentary proposals Increasing public expenditures to  to address economic challenges. the presentation of the Minister of Finance  must be synced during  The Discussion  of  the draft budget in the  National Assembly.
Keywords: economic challenges - parliamentary proposals - general expenses.
أثر أحكام القضاء الوطني في نقض الاتفاقيات الدولية: دراسة لحكم المحكمة العراقية العليا لعام 2023 بشأن الاتفاقية الكويتية العراقية الخاصة بالملاحة في خور عبدالله لعام 2012
Authors: الدعيج ندى يوسف
Published: November 2024

الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل الظروف والإجراءات التي صدر في ظلها حكم المحكمة العراقية العليا لعام 2023، وما تضمنه من إخلالات للدستور والتشريعات العراقية الإجرائية والموضوعية وتعدٍ على القواعد القانونية الراسخة في القانون الدولي وأثر ذلك على تبعية خور عبدالله. المنهج: اعتمدت هذه الدراسة المنهج التحليلي المقارن والتطبيقي في تحليل قانوني لحيثيات ومنطوق حكم المحكمة العراقية العليا لعام 2023. كما اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج التطبيقي من خلال تطبيق قواعد القانون الدولي على العلاقة بين الكويت والعراق. وكذلك مقارنة الأمر بسوابق دولية مماثلة. النتائج: يمكن إبراز أهم نتائج الدراسة فيما يلي: 1) النزاع على خور عبدالله هو نزاع مفتعل غذّاه الساسة الموالون لإيران. 2) المحكمة العراقية نظرت موضوع اتفاقية خور عبدالله مرتين، عام 2014 وعام 2013، وأصدرت أحكاماً متباينة ضاربة بذلك أهم مبدأ في القانون الدولي والمحلي «سابقة الفصل». 3) التصديق على الاتفاقيات الدولية شأن داخلي، لا يمكنه أن يشكل ذريعة للتملص من الالتزام الدولي. التوصيات: أهم التوصيات التي توصلت لها هذه الدراسة هي: 1) إن اتفاقية الملاحة في خور عبدالله الموقعة بين العراق والكويت تلزم الأطراف حال فشل المفاوضات اللجوء إلى المحكمة الدولية لقانون البحار. 2) حث البرلمان العراقي لتصحيح الخلل الإجرائي الذي حل بالاتفاقية والعمل على إعادة طرحها للتصديق مرة أخرى وبإجراءات صحيحة لنزع فتيل الأزمة. 3) توجيه المحاكم الوطنية بمراعاة الالتزامات الدولية قبل إصدار أحكام قضائية مجردة. الخاتمة: يمكن للدول أن ترتكز على قواعد القانون الداخلي غير المستقرة والمتغيرة بتغير النظم، إلا أن هذا التغيير متى طال المواضيع التي يحكمها القانون الدولي المتسم بالاستقرار فإنه يسبب توتراً يهدد الاستقرار الدولي، الأمر الذي عالجته قواعد القانون الدولي بأمرين: حسن النية والقواعد الدولية تطغى على القواعد الوطنية.
الكلمات المفتاحية: اتفاقية – الكويت – العراق – التصديق – السلم.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF AGE AND PARITY ON THE INCIDENT OF POSTPARTUM BLUESS IN PUBLIC WOMEN
Authors: Ruspita Rika , Susanti Komaria , Rahmi Rifa
Published: November 2024

The prevalence of postpartum blues varies throughout the world. Tanzania is 80% while in Japan it is 8%. The exact incidence of postpartum blues in Indonesia is not yet known, but several studies show that the incidence of postpartum blues is in the range of 50-70%. The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between age and parity on the incidence of postpartum blues among postpartum women at the Rosita Maternity Home in Pekanbaru. This research method uses quantitative methods through a correlative analytical design with a cross sectional approach. The research population was postpartum mothers at the Rosita Pekanbaru Maternity Home with a sample size of 30 respondents with a sampling technique using total sampling. Univariate and bivariate data analysis using the chi square statistical test. The results of the study based on univariate analysis showed that 66.6% of mothers experienced postpartum blues, 33.3% did not experience it, 60% of those aged at risk experienced postpartum blues, 40% of those who did not experience postpartum blues, 73% of primiparous mothers experienced postpartum blues. .3% who did not experience postpartum blues were 26.7%. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between age and the incidence of postpartum blues with a P value of 0.045<0.05, there was no relationship between parity and the incidence of postpartum blues with a P value of 0.078>0.05. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between age and the incidence of postpartum blues, there is no relationship between parity and the incidence of postpartum blues, it is recommended that expectant mothers can prepare for pregnancy well so that it will prevent the incidence of postpartum blues, and for midwives to detect early the symptoms of postpartum blues so that they can also prevent its occurrence. postpartum blues
Особенности изменения уровней фактора активации тромбоцитов и ФАТ-ацетилгидролазы в сыворотке крови детей с острыми аллергическими реакциями разной степени тяжести
Authors: И.А. Дремук , А.П. Рубан , Е.В. Шамова , Д.В. Буза , О.Н. Рыжко
Published: November 2024

Введение. В последние годы отмечается рост острых аллергических реакций (ОАР), в частности анафилаксии (АФ). Классическим маркером АФ является триптаза, однако оценка ее уровня ограничена сроками забора крови от момента манифестации ОАР и возможностью проведения данного анализа учреждениями здравоохранения, что требует поиска новых биомаркеров. Такими маркерами могут выступать медиаторы аллергических реакций – фактор активации тромбоцитов (ФАТ) и его фермент ацетилгидролаза (ФАТ-АГ). Цель. Изучить уровни ФАТ и ФАТ-АГ в сыворотке крови детей с ОАР и их взаимосвязь с тяжестью ОАР. Материалы и методы. Тяжесть аллергических реакций оценивали согласно адаптированной шкале тяжести ОАР. Уровни ФАТ и ФАТ-АГ определяли методами иммуноферментного анализа. Результаты. Показано, что медианные значения уровней ФАТ и ФАТ-АГ в сыворотке крови были значительно выше у детей с ОАР 1–2-й и 3–5-й степеней тяжести, чем у детей контрольной группы, и коррелировали с тяжестью ОАР. Заключение. Уровни ФАТ и ФАТ-АГ достоверно увеличиваются в сыворотке крови детей с ОАР и коррелируют с тяжестью ОАР, что служит основанием для использования пороговых значений показателей новых лабораторных тестов в качестве критериев диагностики острых аллергических реакций разного генеза.

Introduction. In recent years an increase in acute allergic reactions (AAR), in particular anaphylaxis (AP), has been registered. The classical marker of Ap is tryptase, but its level assessment is limited by blood sampling timing from the moment of AAR manifestation and the feasibility of this analysis by healthcare institutions, thus requiring the search for new biomarkers. Mediators of allergic reactions, namely platelet activating factor (PAF) and its enzyme acetylhydrolase (PAF-AG), may serve as such markers. Purpose. To study PAF and PAF-AG levels in the blood serum of children with AAR and their correlation with AAR severity. Materials and methods. The severity of allergic reactions was assessed according to the adapted AAR severity scale. The levels of PAF and PAF-AG were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. It was shown that the average levels of PAF and PAF-AG in blood serum were significantly higher in children with 1–2 and 3–5 AAR severity grades than in children of the control group, and correlated with AAR severity. Conclusion. Both PAF and PAF-AG levels are significantly increased in the serum of children with AAR and correlate with AAR severity, which justifies their use as potential biomarkers in AAR diagnostics.
Сердечные аритмии, вызванные приемом антимикробных препаратов
Authors: Ж.В. Антонович
Published: November 2024

Антимикробные препараты, такие как некоторые макролиды и фторхинолоны, флуконазол, аминохинолоны, могут удлинять интервал QT и вызывать желудочковую тахикардию типа «пируэт» – torsades de pointes (TdP). У пациентов, принимающих препараты, потенциально вызывающие TdP, необходимы стратегии усиленного электрокардиографического мониторинга интервала QT, контроль функции почек и печени, а также контроль и поддержание электролитного баланса. Внимание к факторам риска, включая коррекцию электролитных нарушений препаратами калия и магния (Панангин®), может способствовать предотвращению этой жизнеугрожающей аритмии. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования, чтобы лучше определить общую частоту возникновения аритмий, вызванных приемом антибиотиков, их основные механизмы и оптимальные методы снижения риска. Важное значение имеет повышение осведомленности врачей о том, что аритмия у пациента может быть лекарственно-индуцированной.

Antimicrobial drugs, like some macrolides and fluoroquinolones, fluconazole, aminoquinolones, can prolong the QT interval and cause torsade de pointes (TdP). Strategies of enhanced electrocardiographic monitoring of the QT interval, monitoring of renal and hepatic function, and monitoring and maintenance of electrolyte balance are necessary in patients taking drugs that have the potential to cause TdP. Attention to risk factors, including correction of electrolyte disturbances with potassium and magnesium supplements (Panangin), may help prevent this life-threatening arrhythmia. Further research is needed to better define the overall incidence of antibiotic-induced arrhythmias, their underlying mechanisms, and optimal methods to reduce risk. It is important to raise awareness among physicians that a patient’s arrhythmia may be drug- induced.
К ВОПРОСУ О РАЗРАБОТКЕ СИСТЕМЫ УРОВНЕЙ БДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ВОДИТЕЛЯ
Authors: В.А. Демарева
Published: November 2024

The article addresses the issue of decreased driver vigilance as one of the key causes of road accidents. Vigilance is defined as the ability to sustain attention over time and quickly respond to changes in the environment. It is noted that physiological, psychological, and environmental factors influence the level of vigilance. A system of driver vigilance levels is presented, with descriptions of the associated signs and risks. This model is intended to aid in the development of tools for monitoring and preventing the loss of vigilance while driving.
ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ СУИЦИДАЛЬНЫХ РИСКОВ И ПСИХИЧЕСКИХ СОСТОЯНИЙ ПОДРОСТКОВ
Authors: А.Н. Арсланов , Э.Ш. Шаяхметова
Published: November 2024

В статье представлено исследование взаимосвязи суицидального риска несовершеннолетних и их психоэмоциональных состояний. Для достижения поставленной цели были использованы следующие диагностические методики: «Опросник суицидального риска», «Шкала тревоги», «Опросник агрессивности Басса-Дарки», «Диагностика суицидального поведения подростков». Понимание наличия взаимосвязи суицидального риска несовершеннолетних и их психоэмоциональных состояний позволит в дальнейшей разработать модель превенции суицидального риска, направленную на разрушение негативных психоэмоциональных состояний и на поэтапное формирование жизнеутверждающих установок.

The article presents a study of the relationship between the suicidal risk of minors and their psycho-emotional states. To achieve this goal, the following diagnostic methods were used: “Suicidal Risk Questionnaire”, “Anxiety Scale”, “Bass-Darka Aggression Questionnaire”, “Diagnostics of Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents”. Understanding the relationship between the suicidal risk of minors and their psycho-emotional states will allow us to further develop a model for preventing suicidal risk, aimed at destroying negative psycho-emotional states and the gradual formation of life-affirming attitudes.
Penentuan Jalur Terpendek Evakuasi Bencana Banjir di Kota Manado Menggunakan Algoritma Dijkstra
Authors: Humune Lusyane , Titaley Jullia , Takaendengan Mahardika Inra
Published: November 2024

Salah satu potensi bencana yang umum di Kota Manado adalah bencana banjir. Kota Manado tercatat memiliki riwayat bencana banjir yang merusak infrastruktur dan menelan korban jiwa sehingga banyak kerugian-kerugian yang didapatkan akibat dari bencana banjir. Ketidaktahuan masyarakat akan tempat pengungsian ini juga diakibatkan dengan tidak adanya jalur terpendek evakuasi bencana banjir. Oleh karena itu dibuat sebuah penetuan jalur terpendek evakuasi bencana banjir menggunakan Algoritma Dijkstra yang dipakai untuk pencarian graf dalam pemecahan masalah jarak terpendek dengan menggunakan bobot jarak dan waktu dari 3 titik evakuasi dan 1 titik pengungsian ditemukan 3 jalur evakuasi terpendek menggunakan algoritma dijkstra.
La più parte o la maggior parte?
Authors: Russo Ersilia
Published: November 2024

Alcuni lettori ci chiedono se possa considerarsi corretta l’espressione la più parte (usata, come nota una di loro, anche da Manzoni nei Promessi sposi), in luogo di la maggior parte.
Pengaruh Penambahan Katalis KOH, NaCl, dan NaOH terhadap Performa Hidrogen Generator untuk Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)
Authors: Mustaghfirin M Anis , Heriyansyah Rafi Akbar , Tamimah Nimatut , Novianarenti Eky , Sa’diyah Aminatus , Hakam M , Santoso Mardi
Published: November 2024

Katalis dalam hidrogen generator sangat berperan penting dalam menentukan efisiensi produksi hidrogen yang nantinya digunakan dalam Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Diantaranya KOH dan NAOH yang sering digunakan dalam elektrolisis air memiliki konduktivitas yang tinggi serta memungkinkan aliran arus yang lebih baik selama elektrolisis. Proses pengujian hidrogen generator menghasilkan 15 variasi hasil data kuantitatif dan kualitatif serta nilai break even ratio. Kualitas power density dan efisiensi fuel cell tertinggi terdapat pada katalis NaCl 0,05M namun dengan Spesific Fuel Consumption (SFC) terendah sebesar 0,58 kg/kWh. Nilai Break Event Ratio terbaik terdapat pada jenis katalis NaCl 0,05 dengan nilai 0,087. Penggunaan Katalis Air Laut memiliki nilai efisien tertinggi pada persentase 100% dengan efisiensi elektroliser mencapai 13,36% dan SFC terendah yakni 0,24 kg/kWh
Experimental Study of Stagger Angle Effect on the Performance of Marine Savonius Vertical Axis Water Turbine
Authors: Rohman Abdul , Setiawan Priyo Agus , Lukitadi Projek Priyonggo Sumangun , Santoso Emie , Ariwiyono Nopem , Antariksih Daisy Dwijati Kumala Ratna , So’im Subagio , Antoko Bambang , Permadi Niki Veranda Agil
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the performance of Savonius vertical axis water turbine by varying its stagger angles. In this study, the shape of the turbine blade is modified based on the Myring  equation as well as adding a disturbance in the form of a circular cylinder placed in front of the advancing blade as a barrier. The method used in this research is an experimental study in a water tunnel at a velocity of 0.22 m/s. The turbine has size of 0.4 m in height and 0.4 m in diameter. The experiment results show that the use of a circular cylinder in front of the advancing blade has a significant effect on increasing turbine performance. This can be proven by placing a circular cylinder with , , and  where the angular speed achieved is , torque coefficient  and the result of maximum power coefficient  is about 0.4356.
Coffee Drying Tool with LQR-PID Control
Authors: Sindy Yurisma Sheila  , Rama Arya Sobhita  , Anggara Trisna Nugraha  , Rachma Prilian Eviningsih
Published: November 2024

Indonesia ranks as the third largest coffee bean producer globally due to its favorable climate for coffee cultivation and production. The drying process is one of the crucial stages in coffee bean processing as it significantly impacts the bean's quality. This study focuses on optimizing the drying process through the implementation of a sun tracking system mechanism. In essence, a sun tracking system is employed to maximize sunlight exposure by controlling the tray's position to constantly align with the sun's movement. The constructed system comprises both mechanical and electrical components. The control methods utilized in this system involve LQR and PID control. Experimental results will be analyzed to determine which controller yields the best performance.
Performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (pmsg) 3 Phase Radial Flux Results Modification of Induction Motor
Authors: Ahmad Raafi Fauzi  , Rama Arya Sobhita  , Anggara Trisna Nugraha  , Anisa Fitri Santosa
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The demand for electrical energy in Indonesia has experienced a significant surge, becoming indispensable for nearly all modern activities. However, despite this surge, the primary energy source for power plants continues to heavily rely on fossil fuels. Consequently, it is imperative to transition towards renewable energy sources to mitigate environmental impact and tackle the prevailing energy crisis. In response to this need, permanent magnet synchronous generators have emerged as a promising alternative within the electricity industry. These generators operate by utilizing permanent magnets to generate a magnetic field within the coil, thereby eliminating the necessity for excitation current. By leveraging renewable energy sources such as wind or hydro power, these generators strive to optimize electricity production and alleviate the ongoing energy crisis. This research project aims to repurpose materials sourced from used water pump motors, including rotors and stators, to construct permanent magnet synchronous generators. The process involves incorporating permanent magnets into the rotor and modifying the original motor winding. Through rigorous testing involving the application of a 40 Ohm load and varying rotational speeds between 2000 and 1600 rpm, the research reveals that the generator can generate a minimum power output of 0.7 Watts at 200 rpm and a maximum power output of 41.8 Watts at 1600 rpm. The optimal efficiency of 75.78% is attained at 400 rpm. Overall, this research underscores the potential of repurposing existing materials to develop renewable energy solutions, offering a sustainable approach to addressing not only the energy needs of Indonesia but also those of other regions globally.
A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY TO KNOW THE PREVALENCE AND PATTERN OF LUNG DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ATTENDING TRIPURA MEDICAL COLLEGE AND DR.B.R.AMBEDKAR TEACHING HOSPITAL BY SPIROMETRY.
Authors: Das Saptadipa , Datta Arindam , Roy Mukut
Published: November 2024

Introduction:- Diabetes has multiple microvascular and macrovascular complications, pulmonary complication though
is less researched.In our present study we have tried to find out effects of diabetes mellitus on respiratory
system.Methods:- We did pulmonary function test on all patients admitted to Tripura medical college and Dr BRAM teaching hospital with
diabetes mellitus after considering inclusion and exclusion criterias. We have find higher prevalenc Result:- e of restricted lung disease in patients
with diabetes mellitus and the relation between restrictive lung disease and HbA1C was statistically significant. So,should try to Conclusion:-
pick up lung disorders in diabetes patients from an early stage and try to treat it.
RELATIONSHIP OF VITAMIN D LEVELS WITH DAIRY INTAKE, AND SUN EXPOSURE IN DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Mehrotra Vinit , Bansal Apoorva
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to alter insulin synthesis and secretion with additional biological
roles to the well-known effects, it has on calcium homeostasis. The mechanism of action of Vitamin D in diabetes is
thought to be mediated not only through the regulation of plasma calcium levels, which regulate insulin synthesis and secretion but also through a
direct action on pancreatic beta-cell function. Therefore, owing to its increasing relevance, this study has focused on the relationship between
vitamin D, milk intake, and sun exposure in well-defined diabetes patients along with controls. : Th Method is study was conducted for one year
on five hundred adult diabetes and control cases who participated in the interview and medical examination. The relationship between diabetes,
milk intake, and sun exposure with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels was evaluated using regression analysis in the presence of demographic
and clinical covariates, such as age, education, employment, and persistent hyperglycemia. The mean Results: age ranges between 51.52±7.70
and 52.24±7.90 in DM and control groups respectively with male preponderance seen in both groups. The number of patients consuming milk
was almost the same (24.11±3.12) and sun exposure for less than 1 hour was 68% which was similar in both DM and controls. It was observed
that several males (72%) were more in the control group were consuming milk >250ml/day as compared to DM patients. Sun exposures between
1-3 hours were also similar in both groups. Mean serum 25 (OH) D levels in diabetic cases (24±9.82 nmol/L) are significantly lower than controls
(41.14±9.82nmol/L) (p<0.0001). Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly low in different age groups of DM male and female patients
(p<0.001) while no difference was observed in control male and female age groups. There is a specific Conclusions: relationship between
Vitamin D deficiency and DM. But many other lifestyle factors are well known to cause diabetes which may also cause Vitamin D deficiency.
STUDY OF USEFULNESS OF SOFA SCORE IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION IN ICU
Authors: S Kumbhar Shailendra , Jotkar Sushma
Published: November 2024

Background: Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) is a common cause of Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
mortality and morbidity. The aim of the study was to determine morbidity and mortality of patients with multiple organ
dysfunction in ICU &to prognostic the patients by using SOFA Score. Methodology: The study was done on 50 adult patients admitted to the
medical & surgical ICU. The detailed history, clinical examination and laboratory investigations were done. Various profiles between two
groups; survivor group and non-survivor, were done by the use of SOFA Score. The SOFA score of 6 variables, each representing an organ
System. The worst physiological variables were collected serially every 24 hours of patients ICU admission. The worst measurement was defined
as the measure that correlates to the highest number of points. Results:In our study, 36 patients died and 14 patients survived. The extensive study
of SOFA score was done from day 1 to the last day. The SOFA score on day 1 was high among non-survivors than survivors but the SOFA score on
day 3 was better compared with SOFA score on day 1 as the tool for outcome prediction. SOFA score was significantly low especially on day 3
(6.84±2.96) in survivor group as compared to non-survivor group whose mean day 3 value being (13.42±4.060). Total SOFA Score and Mean
SOFA Score were effective in predicting the outcome patients with Sensitivity of 77.8% and 97.2% respectively and Specificity of 78.6% and
100% respectively. Conclusion: SOFA score has been validated extensively for prognostication so serial measurement of SOFA score during
first week is a very useful tool in predicting the outcome.
RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION AS A MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT FOR BENIGN THYROID NODULES: A CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: Ralph Jeffrey , Palanisamy Karthik , Sampath Swarnalakshmi , Vairavan Annamalai
Published: November 2024

Background: While benign thyroid nodules are often asymptomatic, they can cause cosmetic concerns and physical
discomfort, leading to the need for treatment. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has gained attention as a non-surgical
option to reduce nodule size and alleviate symptoms. This study investigates the effectiveness of RFA in treating benign thyroid nodules and its
impact on nodule volume and related clinical symptoms. A total of 20 benign thyroid nodules in 15 pat Methods: ients were treated with RFA
after obtaining informed consent. Patients were followed for six months' post-treatment. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients with unilateral or
bilateral nodules that caused cosmetic or compressive symptoms, confirmed benignity via cytology twice, and those who either declined or were
ineligible for surgery. Prior to ablation, cystic nodules were aspirated. RFA was performed using a STARMED RF generator. Nodule volume,
symptom relief, and any complications were assessed before and after the procedure. Significant reduct Results: ion in nodule volume was
observed, with a mean volume reduction ratio (VRR) of 42.6% at 1 month, 61.5% at 3 months, and 73.1% at 6 months (p < 0.001). Symptom
resolution and cosmetic improvement were achieved in all patients, with no adverse effects on thyroid function. No serious complications were
reported. Radiofrequency ablation proves to be a safe and effective treatment option for benign thyroi Conclusion: d nodules, offering a
minimally invasive alternative to surgery. The procedure demonstrated notable improvements in nodule size and patient symptoms, making it a
valuable therapeutic approach. Further studies with extended follow-up will help define its long-term role in thyroid nodule management.