bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State Policy Regimes and Associational Roles in Technology Development: A Tale of Two Metropolises
Authors: Zhang Xiaoke
Published: February 2022

The lead trade associations of the bio-pharma and semiconductor industries have differed systematically in their roles in facilitating the development of innovation networks between Shanghai and Shenzhen, two prominent high-tech metropolises in China. Divergent associational roles stem from variations in the regional state policy regime that has exerted differential shaping influence on the structure of social cleavages and strength of reciprocity norms among member firms and on their willingness to actively and cooperatively engage in association-led networking activities. The bio-pharma and semiconductor associations whose network-building roles have been structured differently through varied state policy regimes have displayed dissimilar abilities to reduce network failures and promote the innovation competences of their member firms between the two metropolises. The empirical findings of the article carry important implications for understanding the causes and consequences of varied associational roles in the process of technology development in China, other emerging markets, and beyond.
Parental attitudes toward School and Chinese Adolescents’ Academic Performance: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Ding Fangyuan , Xiao Xingxue , Shi Yijun , Wan Yani , Cheng Gang
Published: February 2022

To explore the relationships between parents’ attitudes toward school (PAS) and adolescents’ family socioeconomic status (SES), psychological suzhi, and academic performance, we investigated a total of 1319 Chinese middle school students from junior grade 1 to senior grade 3 and their parents. The psychological suzhi was self-reported by students. Family SES and PAS were rated by one of the parents of the adolescents. Academic performance was collected from the final examination at school at the end of the semester. The results showed that (1) PAS were significantly negatively correlated with family SES, psychological suzhi and its components, and academic performance. Psychological suzhi and its components were significantly positively correlated with academic performance and family SES, while adolescents’ academic performance was not significantly correlated with family SES. (2) Psychological suzhi and its components played partial mediating roles between PAS and academic performance. However, cognitive quality showed a positive effect on academic performance, similar to psychological suzhi, while individuality and adaptability showed the opposite effects. (3) Family SES played a moderating role in the direct paths from PAS to cognitive quality and academic performance. Our results suggest that it may be effective to improve adolescents’ academic performance by improving negative PAS.
Adenoid stones, an unknown culprit in pediatric throat pain
Authors: Leonard James A. , Reilly Brian K.
Published: February 2022

We present a case of a 12-year-old male who presented with complaints of nasal congestion, intermittent throat pain, and odynophagia. He was taken to the operating room for inferior turbinate reduction and adenoidectomy and found to have stones within adenoid crypts. Adenoidectomy resulted in resolution of the patient’s throat pain and pain with swallowing. Not previously described in the literature, adenoid stones may represent an unrecognized etiology of odynophagia and throat pain in the pediatric population. Adenoidectomy should be considered for patients symptomatic from adenoid stones.
Music education in Northern Ireland: A process to achieve social inclusion through segregated education?
Authors: Odena Oscar , Scharf Jenny
Published: February 2022

This article presents an investigation on music education in Northern Ireland (NI) aimed at uncovering how 22 music teachers in post-primary schools addressed the 2007 statutory music curriculum in terms of its potential to promote social cohesion in NI’s post-conflict society, where most schools are segregated on religious grounds. In the discussion we consider three curriculum requirements: (i) to promote cross-cultural and (ii) mutual understanding and (iii) to undertake shared learning through school collaboration. While presenting a primarily positive view to the promotion of cross-cultural understanding, the data outlines the existence of closed minds across the community divide. Approaches to mutual understanding evidenced a picture of classroom activity where it was translated into ‘mutual respect’. Shared learning through school collaboration was treated on two fronts: collaboration needed to access external exams, and collaboration arising from the Department of Education’s 2015 Shared Education initiative. While exam collaboration raised issues for pupils and teachers, the shared education initiative promoted a small number of cross-school projects driven by individual teachers. Educational implications are considered in the conclusions.
LSD and creativity: Increased novelty and symbolic thinking, decreased utility and convergent thinking
Authors: Wießner Isabel , Falchi Marcelo , Maia Lucas Oliveira , Daldegan-Bueno Dimitri , Palhano-Fontes Fernanda , Mason Natasha L , Ramaekers Johannes G , Gross Madeleine E , Schooler Jonathan W , Feilding Amanda , Ribeiro Sidarta , Araujo Draulio B , Tófoli Luís Fernando
Published: February 2022

Background:

Controversy surrounds psychedelics and their potential to boost creativity. To date, psychedelic studies lack a uniform conceptualization of creativity and methodologically rigorous designs.

Aims:

This study aimed at addressing previous issues by examining the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on creativity using multimodal tasks and multidimensional approaches.

Methods:

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 24 healthy volunteers received 50 μg of LSD or inactive placebo. Near drug peak, a creativity task battery was applied, including pattern meaning task (PMT), alternate uses task (AUT), picture concept task (PCT), creative metaphors task (MET) and figural creativity task (FIG). Creativity was assessed by scoring creativity criteria (novelty, utility, surprise), calculating divergent thinking (fluency, originality, flexibility, elaboration) and convergent thinking, computing semantic distances (semantic spread, semantic steps) and searching for data-driven special features.

Results:

LSD, compared to placebo, changed several creativity measurements pointing to three overall LSD-induced phenomena: (1) ‘pattern break’, reflected by increased novelty, surprise, originality and semantic distances; (2) decreased ‘organization’, reflected by decreased utility, convergent thinking and, marginally, elaboration; and (3) ‘meaning’, reflected by increased symbolic thinking and ambiguity in the data-driven results.

Conclusion:

LSD changed creativity across modalities and measurement approaches. Three phenomena of pattern break, disorganization and meaning seemed to fundamentally influence creative cognition and behaviour pointing to a shift of cognitive resources ‘away from normal’ and ‘towards the new’. LSD-induced symbolic thinking might provide a tool to support treatment efficiency in psychedelic-assisted therapy.
Neuronal GPR81 regulates developmental brain angiogenesis and promotes brain recovery after a hypoxic ischemic insult
Authors: Chaudhari Prabhas , Madaan Ankush , Rivera José Carlos , Charfi Iness , Habelrih Tiffany , Hou Xin , Nezhady Mohammad , Lodygensky Gregory , Pineyro Graciela , Muanza Thierry , Chemtob Sylvain
Published: February 2022

Perinatal hypoxic/ischemic (HI) brain injury is a major clinical problem with devastating neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates. During HI brain injury, dysregulated factor production contributes to microvascular impairment. Glycolysis-derived lactate accumulated during ischemia has been proposed to protect against ischemic injury, but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Herein, we hypothesize that lactate via its G-protein coupled receptor (GPR81) controls postnatal brain angiogenesis and plays a protective role after HI injury. We show that GPR81 is predominantly expressed in neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. GPR81-null mice displayed a delay in cerebral microvascular development linked to reduced levels of various major angiogenic factors and augmented expression of anti-angiogenic Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in comparison to their WT littermates. Coherently, lactate stimulation induced an increase in growth factors (VEGF, Ang1 and 2, PDGF) and reduced TSP-1 expression in neurons, which contributed to accelerating angiogenesis. HI injury in GPR81-null animals curtailed vascular density and consequently increased infarct size compared to changes seen in WT mice; conversely intracerebroventricular lactate injection increased vascular density and diminished infarct size in WT but not in GPR81-null mice. Collectively, we show that lactate acting via GPR81 participates in developmental brain angiogenesis, and attenuates HI injury by restoring compromised microvasculature.
Dispossession without displacement: Producing property through slum redevelopment in Bengaluru, India
Authors: Upadhya Carol , Rao Deeksha M
Published: February 2022

The paper examines the role of slum redevelopment in the production of private property in land in a fast-growing city of southern India. Drawing on an in-depth case study in Bengaluru, we show that the tenurial rights of slum residents were eroded when the contested land on which they lived – which was layered with multiple rights and claims of various actors – was confirmed by the court as the sole property of an individual who claimed to be its owner. The transformation of the plot into private property and therefore into a fungible asset, free of encumbrances, allowed the landowner, the political entrepreneurs who spearheaded the redevelopment project, and various intermediaries to capture most of the rapidly escalating value of the land. The exchange of recognized land tenure rights for small flats carrying conditional titles further excluded slum residents from ‘proper’ urban citizenship based on property ownership and exacerbated the precarity of their lives in the city. In this case, in-situ (on the same site) slum redevelopment is shown to operate as a modality of enclosure in which the urban poor are displaced even while remaining in place – or a process of dispossession without displacement.
Circulation and containment in the knowledge-based economy: Transnational education zones in Dubai and Qatar
Authors: Rottleb Tim , Kleibert Jana M.
Published: February 2022

Our analysis focuses on evolving global capitalism's production of high-skilled temporary migrant labour through the technology of special economic zones. Drawing on debates in economic geography on zones as globalised spaces of production and interdisciplinary scholarship on economic transformation in the Arabian Peninsula, we interrogate a relatively new type of zone that agglomerates foreign higher education institutions: transnational education zones. We conceptualise these zones as a distinct form of exceptional space produced by aspirations for a knowledge-based economy. Transnational education zones provide financial benefits and legal exemptions to state territory for international higher education investors who operate offshore campuses. By conducting a situated empirical analysis of transnational education zones’ logics and mechanisms in Dubai and Qatar, we show how these zones function as sites of circulation and containment that allow governments to harness globally circulating people and institutions for building a knowledge-based economy, while aiming to contain their social and political impact locally. While the underlying contradictions of simultaneous circulation and containment of knowledge and knowledge workers are modulated by the exceptional character of the zones, they cannot be fully resolved. In many ways, transnational education zones constitute a continuation of established strategies for economic development by exception that have been pursued by governments in the Gulf, which aim for global connectivity and rely heavily on controlling a temporary and contingent migrant workforce.
Superior Outcome of Early ACL Reconstruction versus Initial Non-reconstructive Treatment With Late Crossover to Surgery: A Study From the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry
Authors: Bergerson Emma , Persson Kajsa , Svantesson Eleonor , Horvath Alexandra , Olsson Wållgren Jonas , Karlsson Jon , Musahl Volker , Samuelsson Kristian , Hamrin Senorski Eric
Published: February 2022

Background:

Although comparable clinical and functional outcomes have been reported after nonsurgical and surgical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) treatment, few studies have investigated the effects of early versus late ACL reconstruction with initial rehabilitation.

Purpose:

To determine patient-reported knee function in patients who initially undergo nonreconstructive treatment after an ACL injury but who later choose to undergo ACL reconstruction as compared with (1) patients undergoing ACL reconstruction close to the index injury and (2) patients treated nonreconstructively at 1 to 10 years of follow-up.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Results from the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were extracted from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry for patients treated with nonreconstruction, early ACL reconstruction, and initial nonreconstruction but subsequent ACL reconstruction (crossover group). The KOOS4 (a mean of 4 KOOS subscales) was analyzed cross-sectionally at baseline and at the 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year follow-ups. Additionally, the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) was applied to all KOOS subscales from baseline to the 10-year follow-up.

Results:

A total of 1,074 crossover, 484 nonreconstruction, and 20,352 early ACL reconstruction cases were included. The crossover group reported lower KOOS4 values than the group undergoing early ACL reconstruction at baseline and at all follow-ups (mean difference [95% CI]): baseline, −6.5 (−8.0 to −5.0); 1 year, −9.3 (−10.9 to −7.7); 2 years, −4.8 (−6.3 to −3.2); 5 years, −6.1 (−8.8 to −3.4); and 10 years, −10.9 (−16.3 to −5.2). Additionally, a smaller proportion of the crossover cohort achieved a PASS on KOOS subscales at baseline and through the 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year follow-ups as compared with the early ACL reconstruction cohort. No differences were observed between crossover and nonreconstruction cases on either the KOOS4 or the PASS at any follow-up.

Conclusion:

A greater proportion of patients treated with early ACL reconstruction reported acceptable knee function and superior overall knee function as compared with patients who decided to cross over from nonreconstructive treatment to ACL reconstruction.
Increased Elbow and Olecranon Injury History in Professional Pitchers With Increased Elbow Flexion at Ball Release
Authors: Manzi Joseph E. , Ciccotti Michael C. , Trauger Nicolas , Black Grant G. , Thacher Ryan R. , Boddapati Venkat , Dines Joshua S.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Elbow flexion at late portions of the pitch has been associated with increased elbow varus torque, a kinetic surrogate associated with injury risk. Direct examinations of injury incidence with elbow flexion angles have not been conducted in professional pitchers.

Purpose:

To compare elbow and shoulder injury incidence among professional baseball players stratified by degree of elbow flexion at ball release (BR).

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Professional pitchers (N = 314) were instructed to pitch between 8 and 12 fastballs while being evaluated using motion capture technology. Upper extremity injury incidence was recorded upon interview. Pitchers were subsequently subdivided into 3 groups based on increasing elbow flexion at BR. Analysis of variance was used to compare participant characteristics and kinematic and peak kinetic variables. An odds ratio (OR) was calculated to determine the risk of having a previous upper extremity injury based on the degree of elbow flexion at BR.

Results:

A total of 116 pitchers (132 documented injuries) had a previous upper extremity injury, with elbow injury (76 injuries; 57.6%) being the most common. Evaluation of kinetic values showed that pitchers with the smallest elbow flexion at BR had significantly less peak elbow flexion torque than did those with greatest elbow flexion at BR (3.8 ± 0.5 vs 4.1 ± 0.6 %weight × height; P = .003). Pitchers who demonstrated a greater than average degree of elbow flexion at BR when pitching were more likely to have a history of elbow injury (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.14-3.40; P = .015) and olecranon spur formation or stress fracture (OR, 5.79; 95% CI, 1.25-26.85; P = .025).

Conclusion:

Pitchers with greater elbow flexion at BR had significantly higher odds of previous injury of the elbow and olecranon. Increasing elbow flexion has been shown to place the medial elbow in a position to carry a greater amount of load, which may be exacerbated during the final moments of the pitching motion. Professional pitchers can consider decreasing elbow flexion at BR as a potential, modifiable risk factor for elbow injury, in particular for olecranon spur formation and fracture.

Clinical Relevance:

This study attempts to associate injury incidence with a modifiable, kinematic variable for an at-risk population.
A novel synthesis method and properties of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite/α-TCP biphasic calcium phosphate
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Bi Jianqiang , Wang Weilli , Sun Xiaoning , Wang Lu , Mao Junjie , Yang Fushuai
Published: February 2022

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) is an important research field based on calcium phosphate biomaterials. In this paper, a new synthesis method of CDHA/α-TCP BCP was studied. By controlling the addition amount of citric acid, the relative contents of CDHA and α-TCP in the BCP were controlled. BCP bone cement was prepared with different proportions of BCP as raw materials. The BCP bone cement was characterized by XRD and SEM, and evaluated by measuring setting time, compressive strength, SBF immersion, and colorimetric CCK-8 assay. The results showed that the increase of CDHA content can lead to the reduction of the setting time of bone cement and delay the degradation rate of BCP bone cement.
Conspiracies and Restorative Violence in American Culture
Authors: Lundskow George
Published: February 2022

From the earliest days of the British North American colonies, violence permeates American society. At the political-economic level, violence established and expanded the nation through slavery and military conquest. At the inter-personal level, people chose violence to resolve disputes, and for entertainment. The one consistent element has been the ‘masterless men’, white males who feel that whiteness and divinely endowed liberty entitle them to more than they currently have in property, employment, or status. Endowed with the right of self-determination and cultural reinforcement for feelings of inherent superiority, they have embraced fantastical conspiracies and restorative violence as personal gratification and cultural terror management whenever they feel that perceived social inferiors are succeeding beyond their appropriate social position, especially through military service, economic entrepreneurship, and election victory. Conspiracy and violent fantasy promise to restore racial-masculine hierarchy from an allegedly ideal past to fulfill God’s divine purpose for the United States.
Changing the regulations for regulating the changes: From distribution system operator (DSO) to electricity distribution stakeholders’ organization (EDSO)
Authors: Solat Sajjad , Aminifar Farrokh , Shayanfar Heidarali
Published: February 2022

Followed by the extensive activation of demand side entities, the anti-competitive and monopolistic aspects of distribution system operator (DSO) is becoming more apparent. The business model of the DSO and its regulations are not capable enough to fully leverage the capacity of emerging technologies and responsive prosumers. This paper criticized the challenges/deficits revolving around the conventional DSO model and proposes an interactive platform based on the sharing economy business model at the network level. The electricity distribution stakeholders’ organization (EDSO) as the substitute of DSO in active distribution networks is developed based on the collaborative governance decision-making model. The EDSO has the privilege to legislate on the platform operation and its main policy is to preserve the public interest as well as the integrity of electric distribution system. The superiority of proposed operation model is its non-monopolistic and non-profit nature which materializes the perfect competition of active customers and guaranties their maximum utilization.
Designing, understanding and modelling two-phase experiments with human subjects
Authors: Brien Christopher James
Published: February 2022

In a recent paper, Jarrett, Farewell and Herzberg discussed a strategy for developing the analysis of a previously published two-phase experiment that investigated the effect of training on pain rating by occupational and physical therapy students. Here, their example is used to illustrate how a multi-step factor-allocation paradigm can be employed (i) to design an experiment, (ii) to understand the confounding in the design and (iii) to formulate linear mixed models, called prior allocation models, for the design. These models are intended as starting models for the analysis of the data, when it becomes available. An understanding of the confounding intrinsic to a design is achieved through an anatomy of the design presented in an analysis-of-variance-style table that can be obtained using functions from the [Formula: see text] package [Formula: see text]. The analysis of the pain-rating experiment is re-examined and it is recommended that conclusions be based on a model with heterogeneous residual variances, in addition to the previously proposed block-treatment interactions. The paradigm is also used in producing an alternative design, taking into account the results of the re-analysis.
Importance of Customer Complaint Handling Satisfaction for MSMEs in B2B Context
Authors: Narayan G. V. , Srinivasulu Y. , Suhail P.
Published: February 2022

Achieving perfection is an ideal far from reality in any sphere of business ( Varela-Neira et al., 2010 ). But the world has come a long way in terms of progress. Systems like 6 Sigma, etc., have brought down the level of quality defects to miniscule level and there are ways to measure and quantify the defect. By this we can take corrective actions to rectify the defects. But when it comes to handling of complaint, if the complaint is not handled to the satisfaction of customer the damage will be exponential and often irrepairable. The biggest challenge is to measure or quantify the damage created by even small or miniscule level of defective product or service. An effort is made here to study the complaint resolution satisfaction and its effect on customer loyalty for micro, small and medium enterprises in business to business context. Primary data are collected by 5 point Likert scale questionnaire and impact of complaint handling on customer loyalty is measured through (a) simple linear regression and analysis of variance and (b) descriptive statistics like frequency and mean. This study implies that satisfactory complaint resolution is a very important factor for continued customer retention.
Prioritising GDP or Tax Revenues: Indian Economists’ Dilemma
Authors: Deb Rajat , Baruah Devi
Published: February 2022

An efficient tax administration with fair tax rates is likely to generate substantial revenues, reducing the fiscal deficit, creating employments, and taming inflation. Indian tax administration has used the power to levitate tax as if it has been taken for granted by adopting the fixed money value target per geographical area instead of any data analytics. The effective tax rate and the average statutory tax rates were the highest in 2017–2018. Focus on generating non-tax revenues by multiple ways and structural reforms for boosting investments and household savings for accelerating GDP should be preferred over maximising tax revenues.
Envy
Authors: Hauerwas Stanley
Published: February 2022

Even the mundane labors of a theology editor, such as the remarkably unenvious Joseph Mangina, can show us the importance of charity in the life of the church. Envy, a great enemy of charity, is described by Thomas Aquinas as “sorrow for another's good.” Hence in the New Testament, envy is more than just one item on a vice list. It is a vice that is destructive of community, and it is particularly destructive of the kind of love that makes the church possible. The envious cannot rejoice in the spiritual gifts of others as goods that build up the whole community. John Rawls tried to construct a concept of justice that was not dependent on egalitarian understandings of justice fueled by envy. What Rawls lacks, however, is an account of the common good that shows why envy is destructive not only of community but also of our ability to live lives of virtue.
The physical exam’s role in determining dose-limiting toxicity prior to immunochemotherapy administration in lymphoma
Authors: Runge John S. , Brown Anna B. , Phillips Tycel J. , Kaminski Mark S. , Carty Shannon A. , Wilcox Ryan A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new challenges to healthcare access and delivery. It is critical to identify areas for innovation within oncologic clinical practice to maintain high quality care. We evaluated the potential utility of telemedicine initiatives for patients with lymphoma undergoing immunochemotherapy. We conducted a retrospective review of adult lymphoma patients receiving R-CHOP  +  /- R, R-ICE, R-GEMOX, and R-DHAP at our institution in the last three years (2017-2019) and identified cycles for which dose modifications were required.

Methods

We reviewed 1290 total treatment cycles in 301 unique patients, 1102 cycles (85.4%) were R-CHOP  +  /- R, 105 (8.1%) were R-ICE, 71 (5.5%) were R-GEMOX, and 12 (0.9%) were R-DHAP. We identified that 144 cycles (11.2%) were subject to dosing adjustments. We retrospectively reviewed laboratory results, patient history, and/or physical exam findings that informed dose modifications.

Results

Of the 144 dose adjustments, 11% of cycles contained dose increases due to a well-tolerated previous dose noted in the clinical assessment. The remaining 128 modified cycles were dose reductions. Notably, only 7/128 dose reductions were based on physical exam findings alone, due solely to a change in patient body weight. As patients are routinely weighed immediately prior to chemotherapy administration, effectively no dose modifications (0/144) were exclusively based on abnormal physical exam finding during a pre-infusion assessment.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that pre-infusion assessments may be amenable to virtual visits for lymphoma patients undergoing immunochemotherapy.
Axisymmetric necking versus Treloar–Kearsley instability in a hyperelastic sheet under equibiaxial stretching
Authors: Wang Mi , Jin Lishuai , Fu Yibin
Published: February 2022

We consider bifurcations from the homogeneous solution of a circular or square hyperelastic sheet that is subjected to equibiaxial stretching under either force- or displacement-controlled edge conditions. We derive the condition for axisymmetric necking and show, for the class of strain-energy functions considered, that the critical stretch for necking is greater than the critical stretch for the Treloar–Kearsley (TK) instability and less than the critical stretch for the limiting-point instability. An amplitude equation for the bifurcated necking solution is derived through a weakly nonlinear analysis and is used to show that necking initiation is generally sub-critical. Abaqus simulations are conducted to verify the bifurcation conditions and the expectation that the TK instability should occur first under force control, but when the edge displacement is controlled, the TK instability is suppressed, and it is the necking instability that will be observed. It is also demonstrated that axisymmetric necking follows a growth/propagation process typical of all such localization problems.
Interfacial wave propagation in initially stressed compressible hyperelastic materials
Authors: Shams Moniba , Ejaz Kanwal
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the propagation of interfacial waves at the joint boundary of two initially stressed compressible half-spaces is discussed. The materials are subject to pure homogeneous strain and the wave is assumed to travel along one of the principle axes. For mathematical formulation of the problem, non-linear theory of elasticity and theory of invariants are used. Boundary conditions at the interface are applied which lead to an implicit secular equation governing the wave speed. A prototype strain-energy function is used for specialized theoretical results to understand the physical behavior of waves at the interface. A special case of biaxial initial stress is considered and the results are presented theoretically and graphically for representative numerical values of parameters. It is observed that the wave speed is considerably affected by intrinsic properties, i.e., material parameters as well as the amount of initial stress.
Bending of clamped orthotropic thin plates: polynomial solution
Authors: Goloskokov Dmitriy P , Matrosov Alexander V
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we study the bending of a clamped thin orthotropic plate by the Bubnov–Galerkin method. Special-type polynomials constructed on the basis of classical Jacobi polynomials and satisfying the clamped conditions are used as basis functions. The “quasi-orthogonality” property of first and second derivatives of the polynomials allows us to immediately write out the formula for the deflection of the plate in the form of a series, by analogy with the Navier method for a free-supported isotropic plate. This solution approximates well the displacement of the plate, but the series for moments and shear forces do not give reliable results. The refusal of using the “quasi-orthogonality” property of the polynomials leads to the solution of an infinite system of linear algebraic equations for finding unknown coefficients of series. The resulting series give reliable results for both displacements and moments and shear forces. The convergence of the series for displacement is very good, but it worsens for shearing forces and bending moments.
Cost-effectiveness of telehealth-delivered diet and exercise interventions: A systematic review
Authors: Law Lynette , Kelly Jaimon T , Savill Holly , Wallen Matthew P , Hickman Ingrid J , Erku Daniel , Mayr Hannah L
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Telehealth is a promising tool for delivering lifestyle interventions for the management of health conditions. However, limited evidence exists regarding the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current literature reporting on the cost-effectiveness of telehealth-delivered diet and/or exercise interventions.

Methods

Four electronic databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL and Embase) were searched for published literature from database inception to November 2020. This review adhered to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines and the ISPOR Criteria for Cost-Effectiveness Review Outcomes Checklist. The quality of reporting was assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards checklist. The extracted data were grouped into subcategories according to telehealth modality, organised into tables and reported narratively.

Results

Twenty-four studies of controlled trials (11 combined diet and exercise, 9 exercise-only and 4 diet-only telehealth-delivered interventions) were included for data extraction and quality assessment. Interventions were reported as cost-effective in 12 studies (50%), five studies (21%) reported inconclusive results, and seven studies (29%) reported that the interventions were not cost-effective. Telephone interventions were applied in eight studies (33%), seven studies (29%) used internet interventions, six studies (25%) used a combination of internet and telephone interventions, and three studies (13%) evaluated mHealth interventions. Quality of study reporting varied with between 54% and 92% of Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards items reported.

Conclusions

This review suggests that telehealth-delivered lifestyle interventions can be cost-effective compared to traditional care. There is a need for further investigations that employ rigorous methodology and economic reporting, including appropriate decision analytical models and longer timeframes.
Exploring the longitudinal clustering of lifestyle behaviors, social determinants of health, and depression
Authors: Anderson Austen R , Kurz Andrew Solomon , Szabo Yvette Z , McGuire Adam P , Frankfurt Sheila B
Published: February 2022

Lifestyle behaviors such as exercise, sleep, smoking, diet, and social interaction are associated with depression. This study aimed to model the complex relationships between lifestyle behaviors and depression and among the lifestyle behaviors. Data from three waves of the Midlife in the United States study were used, involving 6898 adults. Network models revealed associations between the lifestyle behaviors and depression, with smoker status being strongly associated with depression. Depression, smoker status, age, time, and exercise were some of the most central components of the networks. Future lifestyle intervention research might prioritize specific behaviors based on these associations and centrality indices.
Framing Indigenous protest in the online public sphere: A comparative frame analysis
Authors: Lupien Pascal , Rincón Adriana , Lalama Andrés , Chiriboga Gabriel
Published: February 2022

Indigenous social movement organizations are increasingly using social media to engage in strategic framing, a dynamic discursive process that seeks to attribute meaning to events and circumstances. But there remains a gap in our knowledge with respect to the impact of social media on the capacity of Indigenous actors to engage in frame competition in the virtual world. Based on a comparative frame analysis of online content in three Latin American countries where Indigenous organizations have recently engaged in large-scale protest, we ask to what extent the frames generated by Indigenous actors on social media are reflected in the online public sphere. We examine how their protest action is framed by Indigenous organizations themselves, the media, and government agencies. We find that social media do provide an outlet for Indigenous actors to disseminate counter-hegemonic frames. But state and media actors do not engage with Indigenous frames disseminated over social media, and their messages do not change the tone or direction of online discourse.
Polypyrrole-coated recycled polyphenylene sulfite nonwoven fabric with high electrical conductivity for heat generation
Authors: Lu Zhenqian , Lv Jingchun , Qiu Jiawen , Zhang Linsheng
Published: February 2022

In order to introduce multifunctional properties into the recycled polyphenylene sulfite (PPS) nonwoven fabrics, highly conductive and hydrophobic fabrics with excellent Joule heating performance were fabricated by depositing in-situ polymerized polypyrrole (PPy) onto PPS nonwoven fabric and followed by a silicone coating process. The resultant PPy-coated nonwoven fabric exhibited high electrical conductivity. The surface resistivity of PPy-coated nonwoven fabric was less than 8.8 Ω/sq. The high conductivity of PPy coating provided the fabric with excellent electrical heating properties in conjunction with a photothermal heating properties. The saturation temperature of the samples can get to 125.6°C with 4V DC power. The thin silicone coating can help to resist the oxidation of PPy and endow the nonwoven fabrics with excellent water-resistant features. This study provided a simple and effective method to transform the recycled PPS nonwoven fabric into a multifunction material.
Thirty-day morbidity and mortality following primary total elbow arthroplasty in octogenarians
Authors: Gupta Puneet , Quan Theodore , Manzi Joseph E. , Zimmer Zachary R.
Published: February 2022

Background

Octogenarians are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality following various orthopaedic procedures, but this has not been explored among total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) patients. Thus, this study analyzed whether octogenarians undergoing TEA are at an increased risk of postoperative complications relative to the younger geriatric population.

Methods

A national database was queried to identify TEA patients. Patients were stratified into an aged 65 to 79 cohort and an aged 80 to 89 cohort. Demographics, comorbidities, and complications were assessed, with the use of bivariate and multivariate analyzes.

Results

In total, 390 patients underwent TEA, with 289 (74.1%) between the ages of 65 to 79 and 101 (25.9%) between the ages of 80 to 89. On bivariate analyzes, patients aged 80 to 89 were more likely to undergo postoperative transfusion ( p = 0.001) compared to those aged 65 to 79. Following adjustment on multivariate analyzes, the aged 80 to 89 cohort no longer had an increased risk of postoperative transfusion. There were no differences in mortality, readmission, and reoperation between the two groups.

Discussion

Age greater than 80 should not be used as an independent factor when evaluating whether a geriatric patient is an appropriate candidate for TEA.
Theoretical Advances in Service Breakdown Prevention and Recovery: Rich Service Enactment to Improve Server-Client Interactions and Outcomes
Authors: de Villiers Rouxelle , Woodside Arch G. , Tipgomut Pornchanoke
Published: February 2022

This study investigates service breakdowns and describes interventions, including simulations of learner-created service interactions. Constructing and enacting these interactions help in enabling agile, effective server responses. The research investigated the effectiveness of training using live role-playing in dealing with negative turns and solving ad hoc dilemmas in real client-server encounters, thus advancing service excellence and service recovery theory and practice. Seven tertiary institutions cross five nations engaged in training students in client-service performance in simulated contexts. Findings support the positive impact of the proposed iterative competency development plan on impromptu responses, higher-order thinking and situational memory in trainees/servers. The development of Rich Service Enactment Theory (RiSET) extends three perspectives. First, most service training focuses restrictively on what-to-do, excluding necessary training on what-not-to-do. Second, practicing in stimulating contexts with peer feedback helps to prevent repeated mistakes and disastrous service failures. Third, the RiSET model provides a new framework for educators/trainers to develop models that prepare trainees for dealing with unknown, possibly high-risk encounters. The study focuses on surfacing server knowledge and implementing server training to prevent or reduce dramatic turns during client-server encounters, rather than empirically testing a well-formed theory. The study offers empirical researchers’ configurations of conditions for contextual experimentation.
Presence And Temporal Activities Of Serrated Hinged Terrapin (Pelusios sinuatus) And Marsh Terrapin (Pelomedusa galeata) In KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Assessed Using Telemetry
Authors: Price Cormac , Burnett Matthew J , O’Brien Gordon , Downs Colleen T
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims

For the first time in Africa, two freshwater turtle species (hereafter terrapin) presence and temporal activity in their habitats were investigated using radio telemetry.

Methods

Telemeter tags were attached to Pelusios sinuatus ( n = 10) at Ndumo Reserve and Pelomedusa galeata ( n = 10) at Tala Reserve. Pelusios sinuatus tagged individuals were monitored between August–December 2016 at Ndumo, while P. galeata individuals were monitored between November 2017–July 2018 at Tala. Sensors on the tag determined the tag temperature and temporal activity. We examined both species' frequency distributions of inactivity to time of day. Activity trends for both species in comparison with ambient temperature and tag temperature were analyzed.

Results

Tags showed individuals presence or absence as detected by fixed remote networks at the study sites. Tagged P. sinuatus in Ndumo disappeared after a flood without returning after the flood receded. Both species were diurnal, with P. galeata showing a greater ability to maintain tag temperature above ambient temperature in the first 10 h of a day than P. sinuatus. Climatic data, including ambient temperature, rainfall, and wind, were retrieved from weather stations. The most significant climatic variable that affected activity was ambient temperature. Rainfall also showed a significant effect, but wind showed no significant effect.

Implications for Conservation

This method can become a valuable tool for long-term remote monitoring of other semi-aquatic reptiles in wetlands that are increasingly under anthropogenic and climatic pressure. Thus, its implications for conservation are significant.
Complicated Facial Lacerations: Challenges in the Repair and Management of Complications by a Facial Trauma Team
Authors: De Moumita , Sagar Sushma , Dave Aniket , Kaul Ruchi Pathak , Singhal Maneesh
Published: February 2022

Study Design: This is a descriptive study where we present our experience in managing complicated facial wounds over a period of 1 year at a level 1 trauma centre by a dedicated facial trauma team consisting of a plastic surgeon, a trauma surgeon and a Maxillofacial surgeon.

Objective: Facial deformities have profound impact on the social and psychological aspect of a person’s life. Hence, management of facial wounds is very crucial. Most of the facial injuries are usually managed by emergency care physician and emergency surgeon. But certain wounds require specialised knowledge and care due to their complicated nature. The objective of this paper is to highlight those special types of wounds and the challenges they pose. It also aims to enumerate the best possible management according to each situation in a protocol-based manner, which will help in decision making by the attending emergency physician/surgeon.

Methods: Facial lacerations were designated as “complicated” according to some pre-defined features and pre, intra and post operative data and photographs were collected by interviewing the concerned surgical team. The data were analysed and presented as different clinical scenarios.

Results: The cases were broadly grouped under 6 scenarios according to the unique combination of difficulties faced and their specific management. The challenges faced were enumerated and the steps undertaken were also mentioned against them. Lastly, the scenarios were compared with available literature to find out the best possible management in each situation and to present them in a protocol-based manner.

Conclusion: Protocol-based management of injuries to the different parts and specialised structures of the face is extremely helpful. Role of a specialised facial trauma team also should be emphasised in complicated facial injuries.
Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation in multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kan Rebecca L.D. , Xu Grace X.J. , Shu Kate T. , Lai Frank H.Y. , Kranz Gottfried , Kranz Georg S.
Published: February 2022

Objective:

The objective of this meta-analysis was to summarize evidence on the therapeutic effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on core symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Specifically, findings from studies deploying transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocols were summarized in this review.

Methods:

We systematically searched articles published in four databases, until 31 May 2021, which compared the effects of active tDCS or rTMS with sham intervention in MS patients. We used a random-effects model for this meta-analysis. Meta-regression and subgroup meta-analysis were used to examine the effects of stimulation dose and different stimulation protocols, respectively.

Results:

Twenty-five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this review, consisting of 19 tDCS and 6 rTMS studies. tDCS led to a significant and immediate reduction of fatigue with a large effect size (Hedges’s g = −0.870, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = [−1.225 to −0.458], number needed to treat (NNT) = 2). Particularly, a subgroup analysis showed that applying tDCS over the left DLPFC and bilateral S1 led to fatigue reductions compared to sham stimulation. Furthermore, tDCS had favorable effects on fatigue in MS patients with low physical disability but not those with high physical disability, and additionally improved cognitive function. Finally, whereas rTMS was observed to reduce muscle spasticity, these NIBS protocols showed no further effect on MS-associated pain and mood symptoms.

Conclusion:

tDCS in MS alleviates fatigue and improves cognitive function whereas rTMS reduces muscle spasticity. More high-quality studies are needed to substantiate the therapeutic effects of different NIBS protocols in MS.
Engaging with the non-human turn: A response to Büscher
Authors: Greco Elisa
Published: February 2022

Büscher's recent article promoted a new language of ‘more-than-human’ and ‘less-than-human’ alongside the concept of surplus alienation from nature, observing that the non-human turn would benefit from an engagement with history. In commenting Büscher's intervention, I observe that the ‘nonhuman turn’ does not have much traction in the Global South, possibly because the alienation from nature is experienced through the violent realities of primitive accumulation. The non-human turn is hardly compatible with Marx's understanding of capital and nature–society relations as organised by the law of value. The new language of the non-human turn is founded on an idealistic conception of society and history, reproposing an analytically problematic ‘we’ that perpetuates class-blind analyses.
Teaching pain management to health professional students: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ashton Simon , Kilby Matthew , Wu Joey , Lo Kristin
Published: February 2022

Background

Satisfactory pain management can have a significant impact on clients’ activities of daily living. We questioned what types of pain management education might improve health professional students’ knowledge, skills and perceptions?

Method

From inception until 30th July 2020, we searched MEDLINE, EBM Reviews, CINAHL Plus, ERIC, EMBASE, Cochrane database and Monash University library. Inclusion criteria were controlled trials of health professional students’ pain education compared to alternative education, usual curriculum or no intervention. Studies were limited to English. Data were synthesised using meta-analysis.

Results

Fourteen articles were included in this review. For continuous data, meta-analysis demonstrated a clear effect favouring the intervention for knowledge SMD 1.47 [95% CI 1.18, 1.77], skills 0.93 [0.58, 1.28] or perceptions 0.69 [0.31, 1.08]. For dichotomous data, results showed no effect for knowledge 4.21 [0.65, 27.41], skills 2.26 [0.47, 11.01] or perceptions 1.96 [0.66, 5.76]. However, the overall result showed an effect 2.82 [1.20, 6.59] favouring the intervention.

Conclusions

In summary, short theoretical interventions are sufficient to change students’ knowledge and perceptions. Longer interventions incorporating interactivity improve skills. Further research is required to indicate the best method, outcome measure, length of intervention and follow-up in delivering these pain courses and assessing the cost and long-term retention of information.