bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waitlist Weight Changes Impact Survival Following Heart Transplantation
Authors: Hess Nicholas , Tedford Ryan , Houston Brian , Pope Nicolas , Witer Lucas , Katz Marc , Kilic Arman
Published: January 2021

Background: This study investigated the impact of weight change in
waitlisted candidates on posttransplant outcomes following orthotopic
heart transplantation (OHT). Methods: The United Network for Organ
Sharing database was queried to identify adult patients undergoing
isolated, primary OHT from 1/1/2010 to 3/20/2020. Patients were
stratified into 3 cohorts based on percent weight change from listing to
OHT. The primary outcome was one-year survival, and multivariable
modeling was used for risk-adjustment. A secondary analysis compared
outcomes of recipients waitlisted ≥90 days. Results: A total of 22,360
patients were included, 18,826 (84.2%) with stable weight, 1,672
(7.5%) with ≥5% weight loss, and 1,862 (8.3%) with ≥5% weight gain.
Median age was similar across cohorts. Waitlist time was longest in
patients with weight gain and shortest in those with stable weight (417
vs 74 days, P<0.001). The weight loss cohort had higher rates
of dialysis dependency, pacemaker, and drug-treated acute rejection at
one year (all P<0.05). Ninety-day and one-year posttransplant
survival was lowest in the weight loss cohort. Multivariable modeling
identified both ≥5% weight loss (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07-1.48) and
decreasing weight (per 1%, HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03) as risk-adjusted
predictors of one-year mortality. In sub-analysis of recipients
waitlisted ≥90 days, ≥5% weight loss and decreasing weight remained
significant independent predictors for mortality. Conclusion: Waitlisted
OHT candidates with ≥5% weight loss comprised a small, but higher-risk
population with increased rates of postoperative complications and
decreased survival. Efforts focused on nutritional optimization and
preventing weight loss while awaiting OHT appear warranted.
Nemonoxacin Dosage Adjustment in Patients with Severe Renal Impairment Based on Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis
Authors: Li Yi , Lu Jianda , Kang Yue , Xu Xiaoyong , Li Xin , Chen Yuancheng , Wang Kun , Liu Xiaofen , Fan Yaxin , Wu Hailan , Wang Yu , Hu Jiali , Yu Jicheng , Wu Jufang , Guo Beining , Zhang Yingyuan , Zeng Xin , Zhao Ming , Xue Jun , Zhang Jing
Published: January 2021

Aims: To optimize the dosing regimen in patients with severe renal
impairment based on population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PPK/PD)
analysis. Methods: The pharmacokinetics and safety of nemonoxacin was
evaluated in a single-dose, open-label, nonrandomized, parallel-group
study after single oral dose of 0.5 g nemonoxacin capsule in 10 patients
with severe renal impairment and 10 healthy controls. Both blood and
urine samples were collected within 48 hours after admission and
determined the concentrations. A PPK model was built using nonlinear
mixed effects modelling. The probability of target attainment (PTA) and
the cumulative fraction of response (CFR) against S. Pneumoniae and S.
aureus was calculated by Monte Carlo simulation. Results: The data best
fitted to a two-compartment model, from which the PPK parameters were
estimated, including clearance (8.55 L/h), central compartment volume
(80.8 L), and peripheral compartment volume (50.6 L). The accumulative
urinary excretion was 23.4±6.5% in severe renal impairment patients and
66.1±16.8% in healthy controls. PPK/PD modeling and simulation of 4
dosage regimens found that nemonoxacin 0.5 g q48h was the optimal dosing
regimen in severe renal impairment patients, evidenced by higher PTA
(92.7%) and CFR (>99%) at nemonoxacin MIC ≤ 1 mg/L
against S. pneumoniae and S. aureus. The alternative regimens (0.25 g
q24h; loading dose 0.5 g on Day 1 followed by 0.25 g q24h) were
insufficient to cover the pathogens even if MIC ≤ 0.5 mg/L. Conclusion:
An extended dosing interval (0.5 g q48h) may be appropriate for optimal
efficacy of nemonoxacin in case of severe renal impairment.
Thermal Analysis of Solar Air Heater with Ventilator Turbine and Fins
Authors: Safitra Arrad Ghani , Diana Lohdy , Agil Denny Muhammad , Fareza Julfan Hafiz , Arini Nu Rhahida
Published: January 2021

Solar air heater (SAH) is a renewable energy application for the drying process. SAH has a challenge to produce high performance under uncertain weather. The performance of SAH can be enhanced by providing the absorber plate by adding the fins. This study aims to evaluate the thermal performance of SAH with rectangular fins SAH at low air velocity. This study compares the performance of SAH without fins and SAH with rectangular fins. Two variations of a tilt angle of SAH are 0° and 30° which are observed in this study. The SAH uses a ventilator turbine to suck air into the collector box. The air velocity is 0.01 m/s. The method is experimental. The SAH is tested under real condition from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. The measurement tools consist of  a pyranometer, an anemometer, a temperature sensor in the inlet section, 3 sensors in the absorber plate, a sensor in the outlet section,  6 temperature sensors in the drying cabinet. The result showed the thermal efficiency of SAH with rectangular fins is 29.67 % higher than SAH without fins at 0˚ tilt of angle at noon. The thermal efficiency of SAH with rectangular fins is 25.26 % higher than  that of without fins at 30˚ tilt of angle at noon.
SLEEP BREATHING DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA
Authors:   V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Petrova N.A. , Ovsyannikov D.Yu. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Bochkarev M.V. ,   V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: January 2021

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common chronic lung disease in young children in developed countries, contributes to the long-term neurological prognosis of premature infants. Due to respiratory control immaturity preterm infants are at higher risk of sleep disordered breathing, while a compromised respiratory function significantly increases this risk. The review discusses the phenotypes of sleep disordered breathing in infants and children with BPD, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and indications for sleep studies.
CAUSES OF CARDIAC TROPONINS ELEVATING IN CHILDREN WITH CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY AND ITS VALUE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Zamaraeva D.V. , Trunina I.I. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Sharykin A.S. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Osmanov I.M. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2021

Troponin I has been successfully used in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in adults. According to recent studies the field of cardiac troponins was widely developed. Troponin I elevated in patients with heart failure, tachyarrhythmias, myocarditis, pulmonary hypertension, intoxications of cardiotoxic drugs, sepsis and other similar conditions. Most literature reviews represent information of using cardiac troponins only among adults. Pediatric publications contain much less information. There are no reference values and practical recommendations for troponin I in children. The aim of this article is to cover all available data of use and interpretation of troponin I in children with different cardiac pathology.
CLINICAL AND ETIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE PHARYNX ACUTE INFLAMMATION COURSE IN CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Radtsig E.Yu. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Evsikova M.M. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Lugovaya Yu.V. ,   Moscow City Children's Polyclinic No. 61 of the Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2021

The issue of pharynx acute inflammatory pathology is still relevant. Despite the large number of scientific papers and clinical recommendations on this topic, the management of patients with acute tonsillopharyngitis (ATP) is not always rational. Objective of the research: to clarify the relationship between clinical manifestations and etiology of ATP in different age groups in routine outpatient pediatric practice. Materials and methods: 111 children with ATP aged from 1 to 17 years were examined. Patients underwent a routine otorhinolaryngological examination, an express test for group A streptococcus (GAS) detection and a comprehensive microbiological study (in samples from the oropharynx, the bacterial flora was determined by the culture method, respiratory and herpes viruses were detected by the polymerase chain reaction method). Results: in children aged 1 to 7 years, the prevalence of viral-bacterial flora in the ATP etiology was revealed, in patients from 7 years of age and older, the bacterial flora begins to play a major role in the inflammation development. The overall incidence of GAS in the study was 6,3%; it was detected only among children aged 3 to 12 years, herpes viruses were often detected in the same periods of childhood. The study did not reveal any pathognomonic clinical signs only for GAS+ATP, as well as for other pathogens (except a reliable connection between the detection of rhino, adeno and coronavirus in patients with ATP and rhinorrhea). The study revealed age-related features of the ATP course: an increase in the cervical lymph nodes was significantly more often observed at the age of 3 to 12 years, and tonsil stones at primary school age. Conclusion: the study did not reveal the relationship between features of the ATP clinical course and the etiology (including GAS); some age-related features in the preschool and primary school periods were noted.
SPITZ NEVUS (JUVENILE MELANOMA) IN THE PEDIATRICIANS PRACTICE: CLINICAL PICTURE, DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Authors:   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Tamrazova O.B. , Sergeev V.Y. ,   Russian Society for Dermatoscopy and Optical Skin Diagnostics, Moscow, Russia,   Department of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology with the FSBI of Additional Professional Education "Central State Medical Academy" with the Office of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Nikitaev V.G. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia, Taganov A.V. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Glukhova E.A. ,   Network of Private Children's Clinics "SM-Doctor," Moscow, Russia, Pronichev A.N. ,   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2021

Spitz nevi (epithelioid and spindle-cell nevi) are a special group of melanocytic neoplasms with a specific clinical, dermatoscopic and histological picture. There are typical and atypical Spitz nevus. The typical Spitz nevus is more common in pediatric practice and has a benign course. Of particular interest are atypical forms that combine the characteristics of a typical Spitz nevus and melanoma. The article presents an analysis of the clinical picture, dermatoscopic, immunohistochemical, histological and genetic characteristics in various forms of Spitz nevus. The existing classification according to the metastasis risk degree is presented. The last recommendations on the tactics of managing patients with this nosology are discussed with examples of original observations.
HIGH-FREQUENCY ARTIFICIAL LUNG VENTILATION IN PREMATURE INFANTS WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN THE DELIVERY ROOM
Authors:   Kaluga Oblast Regional Clinical Hospital, Kaluga, Russia, Mostovoi A.V. , Karpova A.L. ,   Kaluga Oblast Regional Clinical Hospital, Kaluga, Russia, Volodin N.N. ,   National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia, Karpov N.Yu. ,   Tutayev Central District Hospital, Tutayev, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia
Published: January 2021

Objective of the research: comparison of two methods of initial respiratory support: high-frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV) and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Materials and methods: prospective, randomized, pilot study, carried out in one level III perinatal center. Thirty-two ELBW babies was randomly separated in two groups: group A – HFPPV (n=17), group B – CMV (n=15). Results: the recovery time for heart rate more than 100 beats per minute in group A was faster than in group B (33,9 seconds vs. 79,2 seconds, p=0,002). Maximum FiO2 for the period of staying in hospital was significantly higher in group B (0,37 vs. 0,73, p<0,001). Mortality in CMV group was significantly higher (0% versus 27%, p=0,038). Conclusion: HFPPV in the delivery room in ELBW babies effectively restores heart rate, reduces the risk of lungs injury and the risk of death before discharge from the hospital.
CAUDAL REGRESSION AND VACTERL ASSOCIATION IN A CHILD FROM MULTIPLE PREGNANCY (TWINS) AFTER THE USE OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia, Akselrov M.A. ,   Tyumen Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, Tyumen, Russia, Emelyanova V.A. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia,   Tyumen Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, Tyumen, Russia, Razin M.P. ,   Kirov State Medical University, Kirov, Russia, Veshkurtseva I.M. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia,   Tyumen Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, Tyumen, Russia, Scriabin E.G. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
Published: January 2021

The article presents a case of a very rare malformations combination in a child born from multiple pregnancy (twins) after in vitro fertilization. The premature boy was born the second at 35,4 weeks by caesarean section for premature membranes rupture. The child had malformations of the thoracic vertebrae, ribs, kidneys and urinary system, esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, characteristic for VACTERL association. At the same time, other anomalies of the sacral spine, lower extremities and lower urinary tract matched the classic caudal regression syndrome. The data obtained in recent years indicate that abnormalities in the same genes can cause VACTERL association and caudal regression syndrome. The standard approach in the treatment of such patients involves surgical correction of abnormalities to provide adequate vital functions of gas exchange, hemodynamics and digestion. The clinical observation published in this study demonstrates the success of this approach in a patient with a combination of VACTERL association and caudal regression syndrome.
BIOMARKERS OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN FULL-TERM INFANTS
Authors:   Scientific and Research Institute of Pediatrics named after K. Farajev, Baku, Azerbaijan, Mammadova T.A.
Published: January 2021

Objective of the research: to assess the value of new biomarkers – erythropoietin (EPO), nitric oxide (NO), calcium ion for the early diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in full-term newborns. Materials and methods: 100 full-term infants with NEC and 30 generally healthy infants (control group) were examined. In newborns of both groups in the first 2 weeks of life, plasma NO levels were determined by the colorimetric method (Caymans Nitrate/Nitrite Colorimetric Assay Kit) using an ELISYS UNO HUMAN; EPO – by Human Enzyme Immunoassay ELISA Kit, calcium ions – by a photometric test with BioScreen MS2000. Results: an increase in EPO levels and a decrease in Ca+2 level were revealed in patients depending on the NEC stage. In patients with stage I NEC, EPO and NO values increased by 54% and 46%, respectively, and the Ca+2 values were decreased by 19% in comparison with indicators in children of the control group. In patients with stage II NEC, EPO values increased by 70%, NO – by 124%, and Ca+2 were decreased by 61% compared to the indicators of children in the control group. In patients with stage III NEC, EPO values increased by 100%, NO – by 222% compared with the indicators of children in the control group. Conclusion: EPO, NO, and Ca+2 are biomarkers of early diagnosis of NEC in term infants and detection of severe variants of the disease.
INTRAUTERINE INTUSSUSCEPTION AS CAUSE OF SMALL BOWEL ATRESIA – REPORT OF SERIES OF RARE CLINICAL CASES
Authors:   Irkutsk City Ivano-Matreninskaya Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Kozlov Yu.A. ,   Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Branch of the Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Irkutsk, Russia,   Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia, Rasputin A.A. ,   Irkutsk City Ivano-Matreninskaya Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Kovalkov K.A. ,   Kemerovo City Children’s Clinical Hospital, Kemerovo, Russia, Poloyan S.S. ,   Krasnoyarsk Krai Regional Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Welfare, Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, Baradieva P.J. ,   Irkutsk City Ivano-Matreninskaya Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Ochirov C.B. ,   Irkutsk City Ivano-Matreninskaya Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Kapuller V.M. ,   Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
Published: January 2021

Intestinal invagination is a disease that is most commonly found in children from 3 months to 3 years old. Invagination has also been described as the intrauterine cause of intestinal atresia. Objective of the research: to demonstrate 3 clinical cases when intrauterine invagination caused congenital intestinal obstruction of the small intestine. The study describes the experience of surgical treatment of 3 patients with atresia of the small intestine type I and type IIIA due to intussusception that occurred during the prenatal period. Two patients underwent intestinal anastomosis using laparotomy. In one patient, the intestinal anastomosis was performed in a laparoscopic manner. The early and long-term results of operations are investigated. Successful surgical treatment of atresia of the small intestine due to intrauterine invagination was possible in all 3 patients. Two patients had type IIIA atresia (separation of segments with a V-shaped defect of the mesentery), one – type I (membranous form) of this anomaly. The gender composition of the patients is represented by 2 girls and 1 boy. The weight of patients was in the range of 1280–2800 grams. Surgical treatment for all patients was performed on the 2nd day of life. The duration of the operation ranged from 60 to 65 minutes. Start enteral nutrition was possible in the range from 2 to 3 days after surgery. Full enteral nutrition is restored within 5 to 8 days after surgery. In the early follow up period after surgery, there were no signs of failure of the anastomosis. During the observation of patients from 6 months to 1 year, there were no signs of impaired intestinal transit. Intrauterine invagination is a rare cause of intestinal atresia. This disease has a good prognosis provided timely intervention and the absence of associated abnormalities. Laparoscopy in an expert children's surgical center can be an alternative in the treatment of patients with jejuno-ileal atresia caused by intrauterine invagination.
COMPRESSION OF THE LEFT MAIN BRONCHUS IN 3-MONTHS-OLD CHILD WITH TUBERCULOSIS LESION OF THE MEDIASTINAL LYMPH NODES
Authors:   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, Andreev D.A. , Khvorostov I.N. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, Damirov O.N. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, Verbin O.I. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, Bataev S.M. ,   Scientific Research Institute for Pediatric Clinical Surgery with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2021

The article presents a case of successful surgical treatment of a 3-month-old child with a rare pathology – tuberculosis lesion of the intrathoracic lymph nodes causing compression of the left main bronchus. The child was admitted with signs of respiratory failure. An X-ray examination revealed signs of emphysema of the left lung. According to the data of contrast CT, a volumetric hypodensive formation was detected, which slightly accumulated contrast, with a capsule up to 0,3 cm thick, located in the area of the tracheal bifurcation, causing compression of the left main bronchus, esophagus, pulmonary bifurcation. During tracheobronchoscopy, a narrowing of the main bronchus to 1 mm was found immediately after bifurcation of the trachea. During the operation, a formation with a diameter of up to 2 cm was removed. According to the results of a morphological study, the formation is regarded as tuberculous granulomatous inflammation of the lymph node. The rarity of the pathology causes difficulties in diagnosis and treatment.
DIFFICULTIES IN DIAGNOSING GIANT HEART RHABDOMYOMA IN 5-MONTH-OLD CHILD
Authors:   A.N. Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia, Tumanyan M.R. , Svobodov A.A. ,   A.N. Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia, Ergashov A.Yu. ,   A.N. Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia, Zubkova S.A. ,   A.N. Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia, Zakharova O.E. ,   A.N. Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia, Terekhov M.I. ,   A.N. Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia, Shurupova I.V. ,   A.N. Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2021

Cardiac tumors are a rare pathology, especially among infants. For a long time, they were identified only on the autopsy or as an incidental finding during cardiovascular interventions. However, with additional experience, improved methods of the echocardiography and wide-scale introduction of additional diagnostic methods, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into practice, it has become possible to establish a life-time and, recently, even a prenatal diagnosis of this pathology. The presented clinical case demonstrates the need to apply an integrated approach and potential of applying such diagnostic methods as echocardiography, MRI, multi-spiral CT and positron emission tomography/CT in children with cardiac tumors for the diagnostics of the severity of the cardio-vascular defects, determination of treatment tactics and prognosis of a therapy.
KAWASAKI DISEASE WITH GIANT CORONARY AND SYSTEMIC ANEURYSMS, CEREBRAL ARTERITIS, AND MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION SYNDROME IN A 3-MONTHS-OLD CHILD
Authors:   Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Branch of the Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Irkutsk, Russia, Bregel L.V. ,   Irkutsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Barakin A.O. ,   Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Branch of the Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Irkutsk, Russia,   Irkutsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Shprakh V.V. ,   Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Branch of the Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Irkutsk, Russia, Efremova O.S. ,   Irkutsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Matyunova A.E. ,   Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Branch of the Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Irkutsk, Russia,   Irkutsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Gvak G.V. ,   Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Branch of the Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Irkutsk, Russia,   Irkutsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Rudenko N.Yu. ,   Irkutsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Borishchuk I.A. ,   Irkutsk Oblast Regional Infectious Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Pak Ki O ,   Irkutsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Drantusova N.S. ,   Irkutsk Oblast Regional Order "Badge of Honor" Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia
Published: January 2021

The article describes a unique observation of a child with Kawasaki disease (KD), started initially with fever and symptoms of meningoencephalitis, followed by appearance of diagnostic signs of complete form of KD, giant coronary and extracardial (bilateral axillary and brachial) aneurysms, asymptomatic myocardial infarction by the formation of a left ventricular aneurysm and hemophagocytic syndrome. Recovery occurred after the treatment by intravenous immunoglobulin 2,0 g/kg single dose, dexamethasone and cyclosporine.
SKULL TRAUMA AS ONE OF THE CAUSES FOR SUBDURAL HEMATOMA DEVELOPMENT IN AN INFANT WITH GLUTARIC ACIDURIA TYPE 1: A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND CLINICAL OBSERVATION
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Tadtaeva Z.G. , Galustyan A.N. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Gromova O.A. ,   Federal Research Center "Informatics and Management" of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FIC IU RAS), Moscow, Russia, Popov P.A. ,   "Ilyinskaya Hospital," JSC, Krasnogorsky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia
Published: January 2021

The article presents a brief review of the literature and clinical observation of glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) in a child, manifested by encephalitis-like crisis and subdural hematomas, which were initially regarded as the consequences of traumatic brain injury. Based on the analysis of clinical and neuroimaging data, the diagnosis of GA1 was assumed, which was later confirmed by molecular genetic research. After therapy with the inclusion of a specialized diet with protein restriction, some improvement in motor activity was noted. The presence of bilateral subdural hematomas dictates the need for differential diagnosis with GA1. A highly informative method of diagnosing GA1 is brain MRI.
PERINATAL PSYCHOLOGY: NOT VISIBLE, BUT EXISTS
Authors:   Chair of Children's Diseases with the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Shabalov N.P.
Published: January 2021

For citation: N.P. Shabalov. Perinatal psychology: not visible, but exists. Pediatria n.a. G.N. Speransky. 2021; 100 (1): 297–301.
FETUS STATE ASSESSMENT AND PECULIARITIES OF NEONATAL PERIOD COURSE IN CHILDREN BORN TO WOMEN OF LATE REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC
Authors:   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia, Omarova Kh.M. , Ibragimova E.S.-A. ,   Kurchaloy Central District Hospital of the Chechen Republic, Kurchaloy, Chechen Republic, Russia, Khashayeva T.Kh.-M. ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia, Magomedova I.Kh. ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia, Omarova R.G. ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia
Published: January 2021

Objective of the research: conduct a Doppler ultrasound (DUS) assessment of utero-placentalfetal blood flow and the condition of newborns in the early neonatal period from women of the late reproductive period (LRP), depending on the parity of delivery, using the example of women in the Chechen Republic. Material and methods: retrospective multicenter study. DUS assessment of the state of utero-placental-fetal blood flow and the state of newborns in the early neonatal period was performed in 95 pregnant women, including: group 1–35 primiparous of LRP and their 35 newborns, group 2 – 35 multi-pregnant (MP) of LRP and their 35 newborns. The 3 control group included 25 healthy pregnant women aged 18 to 25 years and their 25 newborns. DUS was performed on Aloka SD SSD 3500 device (Japan), and a transvaginal sensor was used if necessary. Newborns were assessed on the APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. Of the instrumental methods for examining newborns, brain ultrasound examination (neurosonography) was used. Results: analyzing the DUS results of LRP pregnant, depending on the labor parity, it was found that in the 1st group there was an increase in resistance in both uterine arteries (61%), an increase in the resistance index and pulsation index, a decrease in diastolic blood flow, characteristic of arteries with high resistance. Hemodynamic parameters in the mid-brain artery (MBA) of the fetus remained normal in all pregnant women. LRP women often born children in a state of asphyxia, with neurological disorders, and these children often has more complex postnatal adaptation and concomitant pathology. Among LRP women, primiparous has significantly more severe disorders. Conclusion: the data of uteroplacental fetal blood flow of the 1st group correspond to blood flow disorders of the IA degree, which indirectly indicates a compensatory reaction of the vascular system of uteroplacental fetal blood flow, as well as the absence of a tendency to an increase in the severity of fetoplacental insufficiency. It is possible that high incidence of neurological disorders in children born to LRP women is associated with age-related changes in their germ cells, use of assisted reproductive technologies, intake of hormonal drugs at an early stage of pregnancy and environmental factors associated with iodine deficiency in the region which includes the North Caucasus.
INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL CHORIOAMNIONITIS ON NEWBORNS MORBIDITY
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Shevareva E.A. ,   Saint Petersburg City Maternity Hospital No. 18, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Ivanov D.O. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Nevmerzhitskaia O.V. ,   Saint Petersburg City Maternity Hospital No. 18, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Fedorova L.A. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: January 2021

In recent decades, the problem of chorioamnionitis (CA) (or intra-amniotic infection) takes a leading place in modern obstetrics and perinatology. It is known that CA is one of the main risk factors for preterm birth and increases neonatal morbidity. Intraamniotic infection is a polyetiology condition. It is characterised by the variety of clinical manifestations absence of clearly association between the infection`s clinical signs in mother and infants injury. In present review we defined current data about chorioamnionitis, based on the last evidence of international scientific literature.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF LABORATORY MARKERS OF NEONATAL SEPSIS IN PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors:   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, Perm, Perm Krai, Russia, Kulizhnikov G.V. , Furman E.G. ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, Perm, Perm Krai, Russia, Nikolenko A.V. ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, Perm, Perm Krai, Russia
Published: January 2021

Neonatal sepsis (NS) is the leading cause of mortality in premature newborns. It is a difficult diagnostic task for clinicians. This article provides a review of the literature on laboratory markers of NS. The latest methods for the diagnosis of sepsis in premature infants in various studies are considered in the article. The results of studying the diagnostic value of a general blood test, cytokines, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, prespepsin, microRNA polymorphism, bacterial blood culture, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as diagnostic significance – sensitivity, specificity, prognostic value of positive and negative results are presented.
Formulation, Characterization, and Herbal Drug Delivery Applications of Ethosome, Transfersome, and Transethosome
Authors: Azzahra Luthfia , Mita Soraya Ratnawulan , Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
Published: January 2021

Herbal compounds have different physicochemical properties. Its use on the oral route often has low biological availability. Therefore, alternative transdermal routes are used through the skin. The stratum corneum skin layer is the most difficult layer to penetrate. Therefore it is necessary to use a drug delivery system such as ethosome, transfersome or transethosome to increase transdermal drug delivery. This review article aims to look at the potential of ethosome, transfersome, and transethosome in increasing their ability to deliver herbal drugs in terms of their formulation and characterization. Literature searches were performed using online search engines namely NCBI and Google Scholar with the keywords ‘Transdermal Drug Delivery System’, 'Ethosome', 'Transfersome', and 'Transethosome'. The result showed compositions of ethosomes are phospholipids, water, and ethanol. The composition of transfersome is phospholipid, water, and edge activator. Transethosomes are a combination of phospholipids, water, ethanol, and edge activators. The role of ethanol and edge activator is thought to increase skin permeation. Transdermal drug delivery systems can be used on herbal drugs to increase transdermal drug delivery.Keywords: Transdermal, Ethosome, Transfersome, Transethosome, Herbal.
Potential of Stimuli-Responsive Star Polymer for Cancer Targeting
Authors: Husni Patihul , Ghifari Muhammad Alvien , Putriana Norisca Aliza
Published: January 2021

Application of stimuli-responsive star polymers in cancer targeting and drug delivery has been extensively researched because of their several advantages in comparison with their linear counterparts. Functionalization and recombination of various arm architectures of the star polymer are very possible to be conducted to suit various needs. The star polymers could not only load more therapeutic drug due to more arms than linear polymers but also be functionalized with targeted moieties for more targeted delivery. Furthermore, the chains in star polymers could be regulated to produce stimuli-responsive star polymer for cancer targeting. The review article aimed to describe the benefits of star polymers and the types of stimuli-responsive delivery system for cancer targeting. Over the last decade, stimuli-responsive star polymers for cancer targeting using either internal stimuli (e.g., pH, redox, enzyme, hypoxia) or external stimuli (e.g., thermal, ultrasound, light, magnetic) has garnered immense interest for researchers. Possibility to mimic a complex natural phenomenon  could be achieved by incorporating various stimuli-responsive functionalities in the star polymer.
Disintegrant Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose isolated from Rami (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) in Dimenhydrinate tablets by Wet Granulation and Direct compression
Authors: Belali Nagina Gulab , Chaerunisaa Anis Y. , Rusdiana Taofik
Published: January 2021

Microcrystalline cellulose was isolated from rami (Boehmeria Nivea L. Gaud), and applied as disintegrant in tablets of dimenhydrinate, made by direct compression and wet granulation. The aim of this study is to produce dimenhydrinate tablets with Microcrystalline Cellulose Rami (MCC Rami) isolated from Rami (Boehmeria Nivea L. Gaud), as a disintegrant and assess the effect of MCC Rami and Granulation technique on physical properties of drug such as, disintegration time, drug release and dissolution. Formulations of dimenhydrinate 100mg tablets were prepared with a combination of mannitol and lactose as a filler and MCC Rami as disintegrant in a concentration of 10-20%. The formulas were directly compressed or were compressed into tablets after wet granulation. The mechanical properties, drug release, physical properties and effects of process parameters, methods of applying disintegrant in tablet formulas were examined. A significant difference in disintegration time of tablets that were produced by direct compression and wet granulation was seen, that can be attributed to the porous structure of granules that enhanced fast disintegration, which had eventually improved dissolution and drug release. F1 and F2 with MCC Rami and physical mixture of MCC Rami with crosspovidone as a disintegrant that were directly compressed disintegrated in 79 and 72 seconds respectively thats not a significant difference, however when MCC was applied in an intragranular way its disintegration time is 67 seconds. The results showed that the method of disintegrant application and press of tableting has a significant effect on drug release and dissolution.Keywords : Microcrystalline Cellulose, wet granulation, disintegrant, Boehmeria Nivea L. Gaud.
Formulation of Coated Tablets Film of Jengkol Fruit Seeds (Pithecellobium lobatum Benth.) as A Selenium Herbal Supplement
Authors: Gozali Dolih , Mutakin Mutakin , Yunita Yunita , Putri Norisca Aliza
Published: January 2021

The correlation between the high content of selenium (Se) in plasma and the low prevalence of cardiovascular disease has been published in previous epidemiological studies. The content of Se in the plasma is determined by daily intake. A preliminary surveillance of Se content of several plants showed that the seeds of jengkol (Pithecellobium lobatum Benth.) has the highest concentration of Se. This study aims to develop a pharmaceutical formulation of Se supplement for adjuvant therapy of cardiovascular disease. The jengkol seeds was made into film coated tablets with a wet granulation method. Optimization of the core tablet formula was carried out with variations of binder concentration and coating material. Evaluation was carried out on uniformity of size and weight, disintegration time, hardness and friability. The content evaluation was carried out including the levels of Se, water content, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate and crude fiber. The results showed that the F3 had the lowest friability and highest hardness. The coating of tablets using PVA has covered the smell of jengkol seed. The evaluation results showed that film coated tablets contained the Se level content of 0.074 ± 0.004 µg/g, water content of 2.19%, ash content of 1.88%, fat content of 0.89%, protein content of 0.66%, carbohydrate content of 94.38% and crude fiber content 1.79%. The results showed that the jengkol seed film coated tablet formulation could be used as a supplement in additional therapy for cardiovascular disease.Keywords    : Pithecellobium lobatum, film coated tablet, herbal supplement, selenium
Simple and Rapid Method for Determination of Abemaciclib in Human Serum using Supported Liquid Extraction Pretreatment and LC-MS/MS Analysis
Authors: Sekizaki Naoto , Yashima Hideaki , Araki Takuya , Yamamoto Koujirou
Published: January 2021

We developed a simple and rapid method for the determination of abemaciclib in human serum using supported liquid extraction (SLE) method for pretreatment and LC-MS/MS. Abemaciclib was extracted using SLE method with methyltert-butyl ether (MTBE) as elution buffer, and analyzed by LC-QTOF MS system, LCMS9030 (Shimadzu). Abemaciclib and fluconazole (internal standard) were detected with ESI spray in positive ionization mode, and the transition were set at 507.3/393.1629 for abemaciclib and 307.1/220.0677 for fluconazole. The retention times of abemaciclib and fluconazole were 2.76 and 2.98 min, respectively, and good linearity was obtained from 20–1,000 ng/mL for abemaciclib. The regression equation (weight = 1/x2) describing the calibration curve in human serum was y = 0.0196 x – 0.056 (R2 = 0.999), where y is the peak area ratio of abemaciclib against the IS and x is the nominal concentration of abemaciclib. The intra- and inter-assay accuracy varied between -4.3–1.7%, and the precision varied between 0.90–6.19%. The mean recovery rate of abemaciclib was 87.7 ± 4.3%, and the mean matrix factor was 1.00 ± 0.083. Our method offers speed and simplicity of sample preparation, which is one of great advantages in the analysis of clinical specimens. We believe that the present method will contribute to establishing a methodology for determining the optimal dose of abemaciclib for individual patients. Key words: abemaciclib, SLE, supported liquid extraction, quantification
Perancangan Sistem Kepuasan Masyarakat Terhadap Pelayanan Publik Dengan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Sokibi Petrus , Bahiyah Nurul
Published: January 2021

Talun sub-district is a government institution that provides public services to the public, which at this time there is no assessment of service satisfaction from the community so that the District Talun cannot know the assessment or complaints from the public to public services provided. The research aims to determine the level of public satisfaction of Public Service in Talun Sub-district. AHP is a complex multi-criteria decision-making method, in an unstructured situation into sections that are then shaped into functional hierarchies to present problems to be solved and then build a priority sequence for alternatives by pairwise alternative comparisons based on judgments of decision makers against a system. The appraisal application yields the value of the public satisfaction level and the eigenvector ranked according to the highest data as the final value of the AHP calculation so that the eigenvector value obtained can facilitate the Camat to see which elements of service are not good.
ANALISIS KESIAPAN BELAJAR SISWA MENJELANG UJIAN AKHIR PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IX MTS AINUS SYAMSI (STUDI KASUS MENURUT TEORI THORNDIKE)
Authors: Nuraeni Nuraeni , Hading Hading , Damayanti Eka
Published: January 2021

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk : 1) mengetahui  bagaimana kesiapan belajar dalam menghadapi ujian akhir pada peserta didik kelas IX MTs Ainus Syamsi, 2) mengetahui penghambat peserta didik dalam menghadapi ujian akhir pada peserta didik kelas IX MTs Ainus Syamsi. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pada penelitian ini teknik pemilihan sumber data dilakukan dengan purposive sampling yaitu maximum variation sampling. Penarikan sampel yang dilakukan dengan memilih subjek berdasarkan kriteria spesifik yang ditetapkan peneliti. Peneliti melakukan wawancara mendalam untuk menemukan informasi lebih jelas mengenai peserta didik yang menjadi sampel penelitian. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan dengan orang terdekat, teman kelas ataupun dari guru. Subjek yang diteliti adalah Si N dan Si A. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa peserta didik Si N siap menghadapi ujian. Si N menyiapkan diri dalam menghadapi ujian sebagaimana dalam tiga hukum belajar throndike, sedangkan peserta didik Si A kurang siap menghadapi ujian, hal tersebut dikarenakan karena Si A kurang mempersiapkan diri baik fisik maupun mental dalam menghadapi ujian, Si A sangat jarang masuk sekolah, ia sering bolos dan jarang melakukan latihan dalam menghadapi ujian. Selain itu, keretakan hubungan rumah tangga orang tuanya yang mengakibatkan Si A merasa tidak diperdulikan sehingga tidak menyiapkan diri dalam belajar dan menghadapi ujian. AbstractThe objective of this study is to : 1) find out how the readiness of learning in facing the final examination in class IX MTs Ainus Syamsi students, 2) know the inhibitors of students in facing the final examination in class IX MTs Ainus Syamsi students. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach. In this study, the technique of selecting data sources is done by purposive sampling, namely maximum variation sampling. Sampling is done by selecting subjects based on specific criteria set by researcher. Researcher conducted in-depth interviews to find clearer information about students who became the sample of research. In-depth interview are conducted with close friends, classmates or teachers. The subject studied were student N and student A. The results of the study were obtained that student N student is ready for the examination. N prepared himself for the examination as in three Thorndike study laws, while student A are less ready to face the examination, it is because student A is less prepared both physically and mentally in facing in facing examination, student A is rarely in school often misses and rarely examination. In addition, his parents’ broken family ties caused student A to feel left out and unable to prepare for his studies and to face examination.
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER (NHT) BERBANTUAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN QUESTION CARD DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VIII SMPN 1 SANROBONE
Authors: Sriyanti A. , Idris Ridwan , Rahman Rikayanti
Published: January 2021

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat efektivitas model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) berbantuan media pembelajaran question card di kelas VIII SMPN 1 Sanrobone dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa di kelas VIII  SMPN 1 Sanrobone. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu (Quasi Eksperimental) dengan non-equivalent control grup design. Sampel terdiri dari dua kelas yaitu kelas eksperimen menggunakan model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) berbantuan media pembelajaran question card dan kelas kontrol tidak dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) berbantuan media pembelajaran question card dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Hasil uji hipotesis dengan taraf signifikan α = 0,05 menunjukkan bahwa nilai  (2-tailed)  atau  artinya tidak terdapat perbedaan rata-rata pemahaman konsep matematika siswa yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) berbantuan media pembelajaran question card dan kelas yang tidak diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) berbantuan media pembelajaran question card. Berdasarkan kesimpulan dapat diketahui bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) berbantuan media pembelajaran question card  tidak efektif meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa. AbstractThis research aims to examine the effectiveness of Numbered Heads Together (NHT) learning model which is equipped with Question Card learning media in promoting seventh grader’s understanding of mathematical concepts in SMPN 1 Sanrobone. In investigating the issue, this research used quasi experimental research with non-equivalent control group design. The research samples were selected using purposive sampling technique and were divided into two groups. The first group is an experimental class where Numbered Heads Together (NHT) learning model and Question Card learning media are implemented, while the second group is control class where Numbered Heads Together (NHT) learning model and Question Card learning media are not implemented. The results of hypothesis testing with significance rate of α = 0,05 shows that the value of  (2-tailed)  atau  . This further indicates that there is no difference in students’ understanding of mathematical concepts whether or not they are taught using Numbered Heads Together (NHT) learning model and Question Card learning media. Therefore, this research concludes that the implementation of Numbered Heads Together (NHT) learning model and Question Card learning media is not effective in promoting seventh graders’ understanding of mathematical concepts.