bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tratamiento del ronquido con dispositivo de avance mandibular y laser de fotoestimulación. Revisión Narrativa
Authors: Mayoral Sanz Pedro , Bisheimer Chemez Marcela
Published: June 2024

Antecedentes: El ronquido es un ruido molesto que afecta la convivencia, la salud y la calidad de vida de quien lo padece y de los que están en su entorno. Existen alternativas de tratamiento que de forma individual pueden mejorar la situación del paciente pero que muchas veces no resuelven por completo el problema. Surge entonces la posibilidad de combinar dos o más alternativas para poder tratar de forma eficaz el ronquido. Objetivo: Describir la evidencia existente sobre el uso del tratamiento laser de foto-estimulación Nightlase y de los Dispositivos de Avance Mandibular (DAM) para tratar los ronquidos, y de la sinergia positiva que supone utilizarlos de forma conjunta. Métodos: Este estudio consistió en una revisión narrativa de la literatura. La búsqueda se realizó por PubMed con palabras clave y se seleccionaron los artículos publicados a partir de 2010 Resultados: La combinación de ambos enfoques ofrece sinergias en el tratamiento del ronquido. Los DAM actúan físicamente para ampliar el espacio de las vías respiratorias, mientras que la terapia láser de fotoestimulación trabaja a nivel celular para mejorar la resistencia y la tonicidad de los tejidos afectados. Conclusiones: El tratamiento combinado del ronquido con dispositivo y laser aborda el problema del ronquido con dos enfoques diferentes que combinados pueden ser una opción prometedora.
A Machine Learning Framework for Melt-Pool Geometry Prediction and Process Parameter Optimization in the Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Process
Authors: Rahman M. Shafiqur , Sattar Naw Safrin , Ahmed Radif Uddin , Ciaccio Jonathan , Chakravarty Uttam K.
Published: June 2024

This study presents a cost-effective and high-precision machine learning (ML) method for predicting the melt-pool geometry and optimizing the process parameters in the laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) process with Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Unlike many ML models, the presented method incorporates five key features, including three process parameters (laser power, scanning speed, and spot size) and two material parameters (layer thickness and powder porosity). The target variables are the melt-pool width and depth that collectively define the melt-pool geometry and give insight into the melt-pool dynamics in LPBF. The dataset integrates information from an extensive literature survey, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, and laser melting experiments. Multiple ML regression methods are assessed to determine the best model to predict the melt-pool geometry. Tenfold cross-validation is applied to evaluate the model performance using five evaluation metrics. Several data pre-processing, augmentation, and feature engineering techniques are performed to improve the accuracy of the models. Results show that the “Extra Trees regression” and “Gaussian process regression” models yield the least errors for predicting melt-pool width and depth, respectively. The ML modeling results are compared with the experimental and CFD modeling results to validate the proposed ML models. The most influential parameter affecting the melt-pool geometry is also determined by the sensitivity analysis. The processing parameters are optimized using an iterative grid search method employing the trained ML models. The presented ML framework offers computational speed and simplicity, which can be implemented in other additive manufacturing techniques to comprehend the critical traits.
Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Novel Undecylenic Estolides: Modeling and Tribological Characterization
Authors: Sanap Prasad Sanjaykumar , Thakur Rohan Sangam Singh , Pratap Amit Prabhakar
Published: June 2024

To overcome the issues related to low-temperature characteristics and thermal degradation of fatty acid-based lubricant base stocks, chemical modification is essential. To mitigate these shortcomings, considering unsaturated undecylenic acid, the formation of estolides is one of the best transformations considering application in lubricants. Ultrasonic-assisted sulfuric acid-catalyzed synthesis of estolides of undecylenic was modeled using response surface methodology (RSM) and subsequently validated using artificial neural network (ANN) for known and unknown input variables. At optimal reaction conditions of reaction temperature of 56 °C, catalyst loading of 0.63 mol equivalent, and reaction time of 1.61 h, estolides with estolide number of 2.58, extraordinary low pour point (PP) of −52 °C, and better resistance to thermal degradation were obtained. The thermal degradation was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to find improved resistance toward degradation due to the formation of estolides. Furthermore, tribological properties like wear characteristics, load carrying capacity, and oxidative stability were studied for 5% blends in SN 70 base oil. The anti-wear ability of the estolides was found to be superior to undecylenic acid, with a lower coefficient of friction, scar diameter, depth, and volume. The blend containing estolide was found to have load carrying capacity as high as 800 kgf. Moreover, owing to the double bond migration during the reaction, the oxidative stability of estolides was found to be inferior to the terminally unsaturated undecylenic acid.
Millimeter-wave generation with a room-temperature nonlinear quantum cascade laser
Authors: Hayashi Shohei , Ito Akio , Dougakiuchi Tatsuo , Hitaka Masahiro , Fujita Kazuue
Published: June 2024

Millimeter-wave difference frequency generation is reported for a dual-wavelength mid-infrared quantum cascade laser operating at room temperature. To overcome a low mid-infrared-to-terahertz conversion efficiency below 1 THz, a long-wavelength, high-performance mid-infrared quantum cascade laser structure with higher nonlinear susceptivity is adopted. By designing the efficient allocation of mid-infrared pumps to two sections of fabricated distributed feedback grating, a closely separated dual-wavelength (λ1 ∼ 13.53 μm and λ2 ∼ 13.39 μm) laser oscillation was obtained. Consequently, a millimeter-wave emission at a frequency of 231 GHz was successfully observed at room temperature.
Tailoring bisphosphonate-doped titanium films to optimally couple cellular responses and antibacterial activity for biomedical applications
Authors: Dias Leonardo F. G. , Costa Raphael C. , Sacramento Catharina M. , Ruiz Karina G. S. , Barão Valentim A. R. , Lisboa-Filho Paulo N.
Published: June 2024

Titanium (Ti) is widely utilized as an implant material; nonetheless, its integration with bone tissue faces limitations due to a patient’s comorbidities. To address this challenge, we employed a strategic approach involving the growth of thin films by spin-coating and surface functionalization with etidronate (ETI), alendronate (ALE), and risedronate (RIS). Our methodology involved coating of Ti cp IV disks with thin films of TiO2, hydroxyapatite (HA), and their combinations (1:1 and 1:2 v/v), followed by surface functionalization with ETI, ALE, and RIS. Bisphosphonate-doped films were evaluated in terms of surface morphology and physical-chemical properties by techniques such as electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The antibacterial potential of bisphosphonates alone or functionalized onto the Ti surface was tested against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Primary human bone mesenchymal stem cells were used to determine in vitro cell metabolism and mineralization. Although RIS alone did not demonstrate any antibacterial effect as verified by minimum inhibitory concentration assay, when Ti surfaces were functionalized with RIS, partial inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth was noted, probably because of the physical-chemical surface properties. Furthermore, samples comprising TiO2/HA (1:1 and 1:2 v/v) showcased an enhancement in the metabolism of nondifferentiated cells and can potentially enhance the differentiation of osteoblastic precursors. All samples demonstrated cell viability higher than 80%. Addition of hydroxyapatite and presence of bisphosphonates increase the metabolic activity and the mineralization of human bone mesenchymal cells. While these findings hold promise, it is necessary to conduct further studies to evaluate the system’s performance in vivo and ensure its long-term safety. This research marks a significant stride toward optimizing the efficacy of titanium implants through tailored surface modifications.
Multi-response deconvolution of auditory evoked potentials in a reduced representation space
Authors: de la Torre Angel , Sanchez Inmaculada , Alvarez Isaac M. , Segura Jose C. , Valderrama Joaquin T. , Muller Nicolas , Vargas Jose L.
Published: June 2024

The estimation of auditory evoked potentials requires deconvolution when the duration of the responses to be recovered exceeds the inter-stimulus interval. Based on least squares deconvolution, in this article we extend the procedure to the case of a multi-response convolutional model, that is, a model in which different categories of stimulus are expected to evoke different responses. The computational cost of the multi-response deconvolution significantly increases with the number of responses to be deconvolved, which restricts its applicability in practical situations. In order to alleviate this restriction, we propose to perform the multi-response deconvolution in a reduced representation space associated with a latency-dependent filtering of auditory responses, which provides a significant dimensionality reduction. We demonstrate the practical viability of the multi-response deconvolution with auditory responses evoked by clicks presented at different levels and categorized according to their stimulation level. The multi-response deconvolution applied in a reduced representation space provides the least squares estimation of the responses with a reasonable computational load. matlab/Octave code implementing the proposed procedure is included as supplementary material.
Monodisperse nanosheet mesophases
Authors: Miyamoto Nobuyoshi , Miyoshi Momoka , Kato Riki , Nakashima Yuji , Iwano Hiroyuki , Kato Takashi
Published: June 2024

Self-assemblies of anisotropic colloidal particles into colloidal liquid crystals and well-defined superlattices are of great interest for hierarchical nanofabrications that are applicable for various functional materials. Inorganic nanosheets obtained by exfoliation of layered crystals have been highlighted as the intriguing colloidal units; however, the size polydispersity of the nanosheets has been preventing precise design of the assembled structures and their functions. Here, we demonstrate that the anionic titanate nanosheets with monodisperse size reversibly form very unusual superstructured mesophases through finely tunable weak attractive interactions between the nanosheets. Transmission electron microscopy, polarizing optical microscopy, small-angle x-ray scattering, and confocal laser scanning microscopy clarified the reversible formation of the mesophases (columnar nanofibers, columnar nematic liquid crystals, and columnar nanofiber bundles) as controlled by counter cations, nanosheet concentration, solvent, and temperature.
Chemical conjugation mitigates immunotoxicity of chemotherapy via reducing receptor-mediated drug leakage from lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Chao , Zhang Wen , Gong Xiang , Xiong Fengqin , Jiang Linyang , Zhou Lingli , Zhang Yuan , Zhu Helen He , Wang Hao , Li Yaping , Zhang Pengcheng
Published: June 2024

Immunotoxicity remains a major hindrance to chemotherapy in cancer therapy. Nanocarriers may alleviate the immunotoxicity, but the optimal design remains unclear. Here, we created two variants of maytansine (DM1)–loaded synthetic high-density lipoproteins (D-sHDL) with either physically entrapped (
E
D-sHDL) or chemically conjugated (
C
D-sHDL) DM1. We found that
C
D-sHDL showed less accumulation in the tumor draining lymph nodes (DLNs) and femur, resulting in a lower toxicity against myeloid cells than
E
D-sHDL via avoiding scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1)–mediated DM1 transportation into the granulocyte-monocyte progenitors and dendritic cells. Therefore, higher densities of lymphocytes in the tumors, DLNs, and blood were recorded in mice receiving
C
D-sHDL, leading to a better efficacy and immune memory of
C
D-sHDL against colon cancer. Furthermore, liposomes with conjugated DM1 (
C
D-Lipo) showed lower immunotoxicity than those with entrapped drug (
E
D-Lipo) through the same mechanism after apolipoprotein opsonization. Our findings highlight the critical role of drug loading patterns in dictating the biological fate and activity of nanomedicine.
Photoredox-catalyzed C(

sp
3

)─H radical functionalization to enable asymmetric synthesis of α-chiral alkyl phosphine
Authors: Tan Zhenda , Liu Yangbin , Feng Xiaoming
Published: June 2024

α-Chiral alkyl phosphines are privileged structural motifs with a wide application in organic and medical synthesis. It is highly desirable to develop stereoselective methods to prepare these enantioenriched molecules. The incorporation of C(

sp
3

)─H functionalization and chiral phosphine chemistry is much less explored, probably because of the weak reactivity of C(

sp
3

)─H bonds and/or the challenging site- and stereoselectivity issues. Herein, we disclose a synergistic catalysis system to enable an enantioselective radical addition process of α-substituted vinylphosphine oxides. An array of diverse α-chiral alkyl phosphors compounds is smoothly accessed by using the readily available chemicals as the inert C(

sp
3

)─H bond reagent, such as sulfides, amines, alkenes, and toluene derivatives, exerting remarkable chemo-, site-, and enantioselectivity. On the basis of the mechanistic studies, both the C(

sp
3

)─H bond activation and the stereochemistry-determining step are proposed to involve a single-electron transfer/proton transfer process.
Clostridioides difficile
-mucus interactions encompass shifts in gene expression, metabolism, and biofilm formation
Authors: Furtado Kathleen L. , Plott Lucas , Markovetz Matthew , Powers Deborah , Wang Hao , Hill David B. , Papin Jason , Allbritton Nancy L. , Tamayo Rita
Published: June 2024

In a healthy colon, the stratified mucus layer serves as a crucial innate immune barrier to protect the epithelium from microbes. Mucins are complex glycoproteins that serve as a nutrient source for resident microflora and can be exploited by pathogens. We aimed to understand how the intestinal pathogen,
Clostridioides difficile
, independently uses or manipulates mucus to its benefit, without contributions from members of the microbiota. Using a 2-D primary human intestinal epithelial cell model to generate physiologic mucus, we assessed
C. difficile-
mucus interactions through growth assays, RNA-Seq, biophysical characterization of mucus, and contextualized metabolic modeling. We found that host-derived mucus promotes
C. difficile
growth both
in vitro
and in an infection model. RNA-Seq revealed significant upregulation of genes related to central metabolism in response to mucus, including genes involved in sugar uptake, the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, and the glycine cleavage system. In addition, we identified differential expression of genes related to sensing and transcriptional control. Analysis of mutants with deletions in highly upregulated genes reflected the complexity of
C. difficile
-mucus interactions, with potential interplay between sensing and growth. Mucus also stimulated biofilm formation
in vitro
, which may in turn alter the viscoelastic properties of mucus. Context-specific metabolic modeling confirmed differential metabolism and the predicted importance of enzymes related to serine and glycine catabolism with mucus. Subsequent growth experiments supported these findings, indicating mucus is an important source of serine. Our results better define responses of
C. difficile
to human gastrointestinal mucus and highlight flexibility in metabolism that may influence pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE

Clostridioides difficile
results in upward of 250,000 infections and 12,000 deaths annually in the United States. Community-acquired infections continue to rise, and recurrent disease is common, emphasizing a vital need to understand
C. difficile
pathogenesis.
C. difficile
undoubtedly interacts with colonic mucus, but the extent to which the pathogen can independently respond to and take advantage of this niche has not been explored extensively. Moreover, the metabolic complexity of
C. difficile
remains poorly understood but likely impacts its capacity to grow and persist in the host. Here, we demonstrate that
C. difficile
uses native colonic mucus for growth, indicating
C. difficile
possesses mechanisms to exploit the mucosal niche. Furthermore, mucus induces metabolic shifts and biofilm formation in
C. difficile
, which has potential ramifications for intestinal colonization. Overall, our work is crucial to better understand the dynamics of
C. difficile
-mucus interactions in the context of the human gut.
Genome-wide CRISPRi screens for high-throughput fitness quantification and identification of determinants for dalbavancin susceptibility in
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Liu Xue , de Bakker Vincent , Heggenhougen Maria Victoria , Mårli Marita Torrissen , Frøynes Anette Heidal , Salehian Zhian , Porcellato Davide , Morales Angeles Danae , Veening Jan-Willem , Kjos Morten
Published: June 2024

Antibiotic resistance and tolerance remain a major problem for the treatment of staphylococcal infections. Identifying genes that influence antibiotic susceptibility could open the door to novel antimicrobial strategies, including targets for new synergistic drug combinations. Here, we developed a genome-wide CRISPR interference library for
Staphylococcus aureus
, demonstrated its use by quantifying gene fitness in different strains through CRISPRi-seq, and used it to identify genes that modulate susceptibility to the lipoglycopeptide dalbavancin. By exposing the library to sublethal concentrations of dalbavancin using both CRISPRi-seq and direct selection methods, we not only found genes previously reported to be involved in antibiotic susceptibility but also identified genes thus far unknown to affect antibiotic tolerance. Importantly, some of these genes could not have been detected by more conventional transposon-based knockout approaches because they are essential for growth, stressing the complementary value of CRISPRi-based methods. Notably, knockdown of a gene encoding the uncharacterized protein KapB specifically sensitizes the cells to dalbavancin, but not to other antibiotics of the same class, whereas knockdown of the Shikimate pathway showed the opposite effect. The results presented here demonstrate the promise of CRISPRi-seq screens to identify genes and pathways involved in antibiotic susceptibility and pave the way to explore alternative antimicrobial treatments through these insights.

IMPORTANCE

Antibiotic resistance is a challenge for treating staphylococcal infections. Identifying genes that affect how antibiotics work could help create new treatments. In our study, we made a CRISPR interference library for
Staphylococcus aureus
and used this to find which genes are critical for growth and also mapped genes that are important for antibiotic sensitivity, focusing on the lipoglycopeptide antibiotic dalbavancin. With this method, we identified genes that altered the sensitivity to dalbavancin upon knockdown, including genes involved in different cellular functions. CRISPRi-seq offers a means to uncover untapped antibiotic targets, including those that conventional screens would disregard due to their essentiality. This paves the way for the discovery of new ways to fight infections.
Treatment modality for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and risk of shunt dependent hydrocephalus and mortality: population based study
Authors: Omar Abdelsimar Tan , Diestro Jose Danilo Bengzon , Spears Julian , Patorno Elisabetta
Published: June 2024

Background

Hydrocephalus is a significant contributor to morbidity following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We aimed to investigate the association between primary treatment modality and the incidence of hydrocephalus requiring CSF diversion, using a target trial approach for causal inference.

Methods

This cohort study used US administrative health claims data (Clinformatics Data Mart) and was conducted among aSAH patients undergoing primary treatment with either clipping or coiling, from January 1, 2004, to February 28, 2023. The primary outcome was hydrocephalus requiring CSF diversion surgery while the secondary outcome was mortality. Multivariable regression and 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching were used for confounder control. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated.

Results

A total of 5816 patients (mean age 59 years; 72% women) undergoing clipping (n=1794) or coiling (n=4022) were included in the primary cohort. The 1:1 PS matched cohort had 1794 participants per arm. Clipping demonstrated higher hazards of shunt dependent hydrocephalus compared with coiling in both the multivariable Fine–Gray model (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.62) and the PS matched cohorts (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.66). Mortality analysis favored clipping in the crude analysis (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.88) but leaned toward coiling after confounder adjustment (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.29 in the multivariable model; HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.29 in the PS matched cohort).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that coiling is associated with reduced hazards of shunt dependent hydrocephalus following aSAH compared with clipping, and provide valuable insights for shared decision making among clinicians and patients, in the context of conflicting evidence from smaller observational studies.
Early postoperative pain and 30-day complications following major abdominal surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Helden Esmee van , Kranendonk Josephine , Vermulst Ad , Boer Arjen de , Reuver Philip de , Rosman Camiel , Wilt Johannes de , Laarhoven Kees van , Scheffer Gert Jan , Keijzer Christiaan , Warlé Michiel
Published: June 2024

Background

Increasing evidence supports a positive relationship between the intensity of early postoperative pain, and the risk of 30-day postoperative complications. Higher pain levels may hamper recovery and contribute to immunosuppression after surgery. This leaves patients at risk of postoperative complications.

Methods

One thousand patients who underwent major abdominal surgery (cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, esophageal, liver, or pancreas surgery) at the Radboud university medical center were randomly selected from eligible patients between 2014 and 2020. Pain scores on day 1, the independent variable of interest, were extracted from the electronic patient files. Outcome measures were 30-day postoperative complications (infectious, non-infectious, total complications and classification according to Clavien-Dindo).

Results

Seven hundred ninety complications occurred in 572 patients within 30 days after surgery, of which 289 (36.7%) were of infectious origin, and 501 (63.4%) complications were non-infectious. The mean duration from the end of surgery to the occurrence of infectious complications was 6.5 days (SD 5.6) and 4.1 days (SD 4.7) for non-infectious complications (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that pain scores on postoperative day 1 (POD1) were significantly positively associated with 30-day total complications after surgery (OR=1.132, 95% CI (1.076 to 1.190)), Clavien-Dindo classification (OR=1.131, 95% CI (1.071 to 1.193)), infectious complications (OR=1.126, 95% CI (1.059 to 1.196)), and non-infectious complications (OR=1.079, 95% CI (1.022 to 1.140)).

Conclusions

After major abdominal surgery, higher postoperative pain scores on day 1 are associated with an increased risk of 30-day postoperative complications. Further studies should pursue whether optimization of perioperative analgesia can improve immune homeostasis, reduce complications after surgery and enhance postoperative recovery.
On the need to avoid apple-to-orange comparisons in microplastic research
Authors: Koelmans Albert A. , Gouin Todd , Mehinto Alvine C. , Coffin Scott
Published: June 2024

Here, we discuss several key issues in the recent microplastic risk assessment conducted by Hataley et al. (2023. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Scie 80 (10): 1669-1678) for the Great Lakes ecosystem. First, we note that the risk characterizations are incorrect due to errors in parameterizations of the calculations necessary to align exposure and effects data, as well as the corrections for bioaccessibility cutoffs. Second, the lack of quantification of uncertainty in the risk assessment raises concerns. Previous assessments that employed similar methods addressed uncertainties arising from the calculations, revealing that the probabilistic uncertainty inherent in risk characterization can span significant magnitudes. Third, we highlight the problematic use of species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) designed for marine systems in a freshwater context. We emphasize the importance of utilizing SSDs that incorporate relevant freshwater species data, and identify recent studies that provide such data for use in future risk assessments. Based on a previously published assessment, we suggest initiating measures to reduce the release of plastic debris into the watershed and advise research, monitoring, and mitigative strategies to address potential threats to water quality.
Structure of anisotropic fuzzy dark matter black holes
Authors: Khan S. , Adeel A. , Yousaf Z.
Published: June 2024

Building on the Einasto dark matter (DM) density parameterizations, this study explores the possibility of constructing DM black holes (BHs) within the formalism of the Starobinsky gravity model. This approach extends the solutions characterizing the non-commutative mini BHs and introduces DM as the fundamental material constituting the BH. Assuming an anisotropic fluid configuration, we demonstrate the existence of different BH models subject to the values of the Einasto index $$\alpha $$
α
and rescaled mass $$\xi $$
ξ
. To achieve this, we begin by considering a de Sitter-like equation of state (EOS) wherein $$\varepsilon =-P_{r}$$

ε
=
-

P
r

. Interestingly, the resulting BH solution not only shares a similar horizon structure with a Reissner-Nordström BH but also replaces the central singularity with a regular de Sitter core through the mechanism of quadratic $$f(\textrm{R})$$

f
(
R
)

corrections. We further explore the possibility of using a nonlocal EOS instead of the previous one. This alternative approach allows us to construct a fuzzy DM stellar droplet. However, the radial pressure $$P_{r}$$

P
r

remains negative in this case. More precisely, we explore the possibility of these findings informing the existence of moderately massive DM-BHs within the galactic structures. Such objects could have played a role in the early stages of galactic formation. Furthermore, we delve into the intriguing possibility of these moderately massive DM-BHs acting as the central objects within galaxies.
Stellar model with non-zero strange quark mass ($$m_s\ne 0$$) and Mak–Harko density profile admitting observational results
Authors: Roy R. , Goswami K. B. , Saha A. , Hakim A. , Chattopadhyay P. K.
Published: June 2024

This article describes the configuration of strange quark stars composed of three flavour quarks in hydrostatic equilibrium considering the energy density profile of Mak and Harko and non-zero strange quark mass ($$m_s\ne {0}$$

m
s

≠
0

). A suitable stellar model is proposed assuming equation of state of interior matter as modified MIT equation of state in bag model $$p=\frac{1}{3}(\rho -4B_g)$$

p
=

1
3

(
ρ
-
4

B
g

)

, where $$B_g$$

B
g

is known as bag constant, to predict the viability of strange stars. The interior of such compact stars is mainly composed of quarks and electrons to establish charge neutrality condition. We have checked the various stability windows depending on the energy per baryon for different values of bag constant $$B_g$$

B
g

and mass of strange quark $$m_s$$

m
s

. We have studied the effect of non-zero mass of the strange quark ($$m_s$$

m
s

) on the physical properties of the strange star in the context of the modified MIT bag equation of state. We note that the maximum stellar mass decreases with increasing $$m_s$$

m
s

. The model is suitable for predicting the radius, central density and other properties of compact stars having mass $$\le 2.01M_{\odot }$$

≤
2.01

M
⊙

, such as $$4U~1820-30$$

4
U

1820
-
30

, $$PSR~J1614-2230$$

P
S
R

J
1614
-
2230

etc, which are supposed to be strange stars. The radius of few recently observed compact stars are predicted in our model and they are found to be compatible with the value as predicted from observation. The model is found to be suitable in view of all the necessary criterion along with fulfilment of stability of the stellar configuration as well as stable in view of small radial perturbations.
Stability of Prestressed Stayed Steel Columns Under Eccentric Compression
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Li Pengcheng , Liu Chenglin , Wang Xiujun , Zhang Tianhao , Xiong Gang
Published: June 2024

Prestressed stayed steel columns (PSSCs) are structural components notable for their exceptional stability and load capacity. However, their behavior under eccentric compression remains poorly understood compared to their performance under axial compression. This study conducted tests and finite element analysis (FEA) to investigate the stability of PSSCs under eccentric compression loading. The study focused on examining the overall stability, buckling modes, and ultimate load capacity of PSSCs under various scenarios. The findings revealed that PSSCs exhibit significantly higher stability and load capacity than conventional columns. However, when subjected to eccentric compression, they experience a substantial decrease in stability. The results of the linear and nonlinear buckling analyses suggest that interactive buckling may occur under certain conditions, thereby influencing the buckling load. These findings clarify the correlation between stability and eccentric compression, offering valuable insights for future research and practical engineering applications.
Fast Calculation for Vehicle–Road Coupled Response Based on Cyclic Road Modeling Method
Authors: Li Chao , Hou Jilin , Zhang Qingxia
Published: June 2024

In order to improve the computational efficiency of the vehicle–road coupled response in long-distance driving, this paper proposes a cyclic road modeling method to equivalent an infinitely long road. The road is built using a closed model, and the vehicle–road coupled response is calculated assuming that the vehicle numerically cyclic driving. First of all, the concept of the cyclic road model is introduced, and the modal analysis is performed. Secondly, the principle for determining the optimal length of the cyclic road model is proposed based on the attenuation properties of the road response in time and space. Next, the vibration analysis of the vehicle–road coupled system is conducted, and its equation of motion is constructed using the mode superposition method (MSM). Further, the optimal length of the cyclic road model is derived regarding to road parameters via numerical analysis. At last, the application of this cyclic road model on computing the vehicle–road coupled response in long-distance driving is discussed via numerical simulation. The results indicate that this model has a consistent performance with the widely used models, while significantly improves computational efficiency. The proposed method also provides a new idea for the fast modeling of roads.
A note on regularities of the standard quantized matrix algebra Mq(n)
Authors: Tuniyaz Rabigul , Niu Lina
Published: June 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be the standard quantized matrix algebra (introduced by Faddeev, Reshetikhin and Takhtajan). It is shown that [Formula: see text] is Auslander regular, Cohen–Macaulay, Artin–Schelter regular, and a maximal order in its quotient division algebra.
On G-stable n-rigid objects in (n + 2)-angulated categories
Authors: Xie Zongyang , Liu Zhongkui , Yang Xiaoyan
Published: June 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a Krull–Schmidt Hom-finite [Formula: see text]-angulated category with [Formula: see text]-suspension functor [Formula: see text] and Serre functor [Formula: see text]. Assume [Formula: see text] is an Oppermann–Thomas cluster tilting object in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is an auto-equivalence of [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text]. We investigate some classes of [Formula: see text]-stable [Formula: see text]-rigid objects in [Formula: see text], prove that the stability of [Formula: see text]-rigid objects can be transferred to some pairs for [Formula: see text], and we obtain a new higher version of the Adachi–Iyama–Reiten bijection. As applications, we generalize the Jacobsen–J[Formula: see text]rgensen bijection to the general case (not necessarily [Formula: see text]-Calabi–Yau), and we recover a work due to Yang, Zhang and Zhu.
VoiceStyle: Voice-Based Face Generation via Cross-Modal Prototype Contrastive Learning
Authors: Chen Wuyang , Zhu Boqing , Xu Kele , Dou Yong , Feng Dawei
Published: June 2024

Can we predict a person’s appearance solely based on their voice? This article explores this question by focusing on generating a face from an unheard voice segment. Our proposed method, VoiceStyle, combines cross-modal representation learning with generation modeling, enabling us to incorporate voice semantic cues into the generated face. In the first stage, we introduce cross-modal prototype contrastive (CMPC) learning to establish the association between voice and face. Recognizing the presence of false negative and deviate positive instances in real-world unlabeled data, we not only use voice–face pairs in the same video but also construct additional semantic positive pairs through unsupervised clustering, enhancing the learning process. Moreover, we recalibrate instances based on their similarity to cluster centers in the other modality. In the second stage, we harness the powerful generative capabilities of StyleGAN to produce faces. We optimize the latent code in StyleGAN’s latent space, guided by the learned voice–face alignment. To address the importance of selecting an appropriate starting point for optimization, we aim to automatically find an optimal starting point by utilizing the face prototype derived from the voice input. The entire pipeline can be implemented in a self-supervised manner, eliminating the need for manually labeled annotations. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of our VoiceStyle method in both cross-modal representation learning and voice-based face generation.
Time-restricted feeding reveals a role for neural respiratory clocks in optimizing daily ventilatory-metabolic coupling in mice
Authors: Jones Aaron A. , Marino Gabriella M. , Arble Deanna M.
Published: June 2024

The master circadian clock organizes the daily rhythm in ventilation; however, the extent that this rhythm is driven by SCN regulation of metabolic rate versus other clock mechanisms remains unknown. We report that metabolic rate alone is insufficient to explain the daily oscillation in ventilation and that neural respiratory clocks within Phox2b-expressing cells additionally optimize breathing. Collectively, these findings advance our mechanistic understanding of the circadian rhythm in ventilatory control.
Understanding Benign Breast Disease and Subsequent Breast Cancer in Hispanic White Females: A Step Closer to Evidence-Based Management
Authors: Lohani Kush R. , Nibbe Andrea M. , Vierkant Robert A. , Pacheco-Spann Laura M. , Seymour Lisa R. , Vachon Celine M. , Sherman Mark E. , Winham Stacey J. , Degnim Amy C. , Hill Deirdre A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Although Hispanic White (HW) females have a lower incidence of breast cancer than non-Hispanic White (NHW) females, breast cancer risk is unclear for HW females after benign breast disease (BBD).

Methods:

We compared BBD characteristics and subsequent breast cancer risk among HW and NHW females in New Mexico using a population-based collection of benign breast biopsies (1996–2007). BBD was categorized as nonproliferative disease (NPD), proliferative disease without atypia (PDWA), or atypical hyperplasia (AH). Breast cancer risk was assessed as absolute risk (AR) using cumulative incidence and RR by comparing the number of breast cancer events in BBDs to non-BBD.

Results:

This study included 3,684 HW and 6,587 NHW females with BBD. HW females had similar proportions of NPD (58.6% vs. 54.3%), PDWA (21.4% vs. 23.5%), and AH (3.6% vs. 3.3%) as NHW females. Breast cancer risk among all females with BBD was higher than population-based expected rates (RR, 1.87) and was similar for HW and NHW subgroups (RR = 1.99 vs. 1.84). As expected, breast cancer risk increased with increasing BBD severity, both overall [RR, 1.81 (NPD), 1.85 (PDWA), and 3.10 (AH)] and in the HW and NHW subgroups. Adjusted AR of breast cancer at 5 years also increased with the severity of BBD (HW vs. NHW; NPD: 1.4% vs. 2.1%; PDWA: 1.5% vs. 2.7%; AH: 6% vs. 4.8%).

Conclusions:

We found similar breast cancer RRs and ARs in HW and NHW. Risk counseling should ensure that HW females receive breast cancer clinical management warranted by their similar absolute risks.

Impact:

The present population-based provides evidence for the clinical management of HW females with BBD for the prevention of breast cancer.
Supplementary Table S7 from Evaluation of Copanlisib in Combination with Eribulin in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Guo Zhanfang , Luo Jingqin , Mashl R. Jay , Hoog Jeremy , Maiti Piyush , Fettig Nikki , Davies Sherri R. , Aft Rebecca , Held Jason M. , Govindan Ramaswamy , Ding Li , Li Shunqiang , von Morze Cornelius , Wulf Gerburg M. , Shoghi Kooresh I. , Ma Cynthia X.
Published: June 2024

Significantly Altered Levels of Proteins Following Treatment with the Combination of eribulin and copanlisib in Eribulin-resistant PDX Models (WHIMs 3, 4, and 6)
Supplementary Figure S4 from Evaluation of Copanlisib in Combination with Eribulin in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Guo Zhanfang , Luo Jingqin , Mashl R. Jay , Hoog Jeremy , Maiti Piyush , Fettig Nikki , Davies Sherri R. , Aft Rebecca , Held Jason M. , Govindan Ramaswamy , Ding Li , Li Shunqiang , von Morze Cornelius , Wulf Gerburg M. , Shoghi Kooresh I. , Ma Cynthia X.
Published: June 2024

Mitotic inhibition following treatment with eribulin and copanlisib by IHC in 3 eribulin-resistant PDX models
FIGURE 2 from Evaluation of Copanlisib in Combination with Eribulin in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Guo Zhanfang , Luo Jingqin , Mashl R. Jay , Hoog Jeremy , Maiti Piyush , Fettig Nikki , Davies Sherri R. , Aft Rebecca , Held Jason M. , Govindan Ramaswamy , Ding Li , Li Shunqiang , von Morze Cornelius , Wulf Gerburg M. , Shoghi Kooresh I. , Ma Cynthia X.
Published: June 2024

Tumor growth response to eribulin and copanlisib, either alone or in combination in WHIM29 and WHIM34. A, Tumor volume changes over time compared with that of day 1 after receiving either vehicle, eribulin (0.3 mg/kg i.p. on day 1 of each week × 4, except that 0.1 mg/kg eribulin was administered for the first two doses in WHIM29), copanlisib (10 mg/kg i.v. on days 2 and 3 each week × 4), or the combination of copanlisib and eribulin at the same dosing (n = 5 per group). B, Kaplan–Meier survival duration (days) of tumor-bearing mice after receiving treatments indicated in A. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01, comparing between groups received eribulin or the combination of eribulin and copanlisib.
Data from Evaluation of Copanlisib in Combination with Eribulin in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Guo Zhanfang , Luo Jingqin , Mashl R. Jay , Hoog Jeremy , Maiti Piyush , Fettig Nikki , Davies Sherri R. , Aft Rebecca , Held Jason M. , Govindan Ramaswamy , Ding Li , Li Shunqiang , von Morze Cornelius , Wulf Gerburg M. , Shoghi Kooresh I. , Ma Cynthia X.
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The PI3K pathway regulates essential cellular functions and promotes chemotherapy resistance. Activation of PI3K pathway signaling is commonly observed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However previous studies that combined PI3K pathway inhibitors with taxane regimens have yielded inconsistent results. We therefore set out to examine whether the combination of copanlisib, a clinical grade pan-PI3K inhibitor, and eribulin, an antimitotic chemotherapy approved for taxane-resistant metastatic breast cancer, improves the antitumor effect in TNBC. A panel of eight TNBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models was tested for tumor growth response to copanlisib and eribulin, alone or in combination. Treatment-induced signaling changes were examined by reverse phase protein array, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET (18F-FDG PET). Compared with each drug alone, the combination of eribulin and copanlisib led to enhanced tumor growth inhibition, which was observed in both eribulin-sensitive and -resistant TNBC PDX models, regardless of PI3K pathway alterations or PTEN status. Copanlisib reduced PI3K signaling and enhanced eribulin-induced mitotic arrest. The combination enhanced induction of apoptosis compared with each drug alone. Interestingly, eribulin upregulated PI3K pathway signaling in PDX tumors, as demonstrated by increased tracer uptake by 18F-FDG PET scan and AKT phosphorylation by IHC. These changes were inhibited by the addition of copanlisib. These data support further clinical development for the combination of copanlisib and eribulin and led to a phase I/II trial of copanlisib and eribulin in patients with metastatic TNBC.
Significance:
In this research, we demonstrated that the pan-PI3K inhibitor copanlisib enhanced the cytotoxicity of eribulin in a panel of TNBC PDX models. The improved tumor growth inhibition was irrespective of PI3K pathway alteration and was corroborated by the enhanced mitotic arrest and apoptotic induction observed in PDX tumors after combination therapy compared with each drug alone. These data provide the preclinical rationale for the clinical testing in TNBC.
IRE1α Mediates the Hypertrophic Growth of Cardiomyocytes Through Facilitating the Formation of Initiation Complex to Promote the Translation of TOP-Motif Transcripts
Authors: Li Chao , Li Shiqian , Zhang Guangyu , Li Qinfeng , Song Weidan , Wang Xiaoding , Cook Jane A. , van der Stoel Miesje , Wright Bradley W. , Altamirano Francisco , Niewold Erica L. , Han Jungsoo , Kimble Garrett , Zhang Pengfei , Luo Xiang , Urra Hery , May Herman I. , Ferdous Anwarul , Sun Xue-Nan , Deng Yingfeng , Ikonen Elina , Hetz Claudio , Kaufman Randal J. , Zhang Kezhong , Gillette Thomas G. , Scherer Philipp E. , Hill Joseph A. , Chen Jin , Wang Zhao V.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:

Cardiomyocyte growth is coupled with active protein synthesis, which is one of the basic biological processes in living cells. However, it is unclear whether the unfolded protein response transducers and effectors directly take part in the control of protein synthesis. The connection between critical functions of the unfolded protein response in cellular physiology and requirements of multiple processes for cell growth prompted us to investigate the role of the unfolded protein response in cell growth and underlying molecular mechanisms.

METHODS:

Cardiomyocyte-specific inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) knockout and overexpression mouse models were generated to explore its function in vivo. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were isolated and cultured to evaluate the role of IRE1α in cardiomyocyte growth in vitro. Mass spectrometry was conducted to identify novel interacting proteins of IRE1α. Ribosome sequencing and polysome profiling were performed to determine the molecular basis for the function of IRE1α in translational control.

RESULTS:

We show that IRE1α is required for cell growth in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes under prohypertrophy treatment and in HEK293 cells in response to serum stimulation. At the molecular level, IRE1α directly interacts with eIF4G and eIF3, 2 critical components of the translation initiation complex. We demonstrate that IRE1α facilitates the formation of the translation initiation complex around the endoplasmic reticulum and preferentially initiates the translation of transcripts with 5’ terminal oligopyrimidine motifs. We then reveal that IRE1α plays an important role in determining the selectivity and translation of these transcripts. We next show that IRE1α stimulates the translation of epidermal growth factor receptor through an unannotated terminal oligopyrimidine motif in its 5’ untranslated region. We further demonstrate a physiological role of IRE1α-governed protein translation by showing that IRE1α is essential for cardiomyocyte growth and cardiac functional maintenance under hemodynamic stress in vivo.

CONCLUSIONS:

These studies suggest a noncanonical, essential role of IRE1α in orchestrating protein synthesis, which may have important implications in cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload and general cell growth under other physiological and pathological conditions.
High-Intensity Aphasia Intervention Is Minimally Fatiguing in Chronic Aphasia: An Analysis of Participant Self-Ratings From a Large Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pierce John E. , Cavanaugh Robert , Harvey Sam , Dickey Michael Walsh , Nickels Lyndsey , Copland David , Togher Leanne , Godecke Erin , Meinzer Marcus , Rai Tapan , Cadilhac Dominique A. , Kim Joosup , Hurley Melanie , Foster Abby M. , Carragher Marcella , Wilcox Cassie , Rose Miranda L.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:

High-intensity therapy is recommended in current treatment guidelines for chronic poststroke aphasia. Yet, little is known about fatigue levels induced by treatment, which could interfere with rehabilitation outcomes. We analyzed fatigue experienced by people with chronic aphasia (>6 months) during high-dose interventions at 2 intensities.

METHODS:

A retrospective observational analysis was conducted on self-rated fatigue levels of people with chronic aphasia (N=173) collected during a previously published large randomized controlled trial of 2 treatments: constraint-induced aphasia therapy plus and multi-modality aphasia therapy. Interventions were administered at a higher intensity (30 hours over 2 weeks) or lower intensity (30 hours over 5 weeks). Participants rated their fatigue on an 11-point scale before and after each day of therapy. Data were analyzed using Bayesian ordinal multilevel models. Specifically, we considered changes in self-rated participant fatigue across a therapy day and over the intervention period.

RESULTS:

Data from 144 participants was analyzed. Participants were English speakers from Australia or New Zealand (mean age, 62 [range, 18–88] years) with 102 men and 42 women. Most had mild (n=115) or moderate (n=52) poststroke aphasia. Median ratings of the level of fatigue by people with aphasia were low (1 on a 0–10-point scale) at the beginning of the day. Ratings increased slightly (+1.0) each day after intervention, with marginally lower increases in the lower intensity schedule. There was no evidence of accumulating fatigue over the 2- or 5-week interventions.

CONCLUSIONS:

Findings suggest that intensive intervention was not associated with large increases in fatigue for people with chronic aphasia enrolled in the COMPARE trial (Constraint-Induced or Multimodality Personalised Aphasia Rehabilitation). Fatigue did not change across the course of the intervention. This study provides evidence that intensive treatment was minimally fatiguing for stroke survivors with chronic aphasia, suggesting that fatigue is not a barrier to high-intensity treatment.