bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sesquiterpene Lactones in a Hairy Root Culture of Cichorium intybus
Authors: Malarz Janusz , Stojakowska Anna , Kisiel Wanda
Published: February 2015

A transformed root culture of Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae) was found to produce sesquiterpene lactones of guaiane and germacrane type. Lactucopicrin, 8-desoxylactucin and three sesquiterpene lactone glycosides: crepidiaside B, sonchuside A and ixerisoside D were isolated from the roots. The yield of 8-desoxylactucin reached 0.03 g l-1 at the early stationary phase of the culture.
Purification and Properties of an Enzyme Capable of Degrading the Polysaccharide of the Cyanobacterium, Nostoc commune
Authors: Dasman  , Kajiyama Shin’ichiro , Okazawa Atsushi , Fukusaki Ei-ichiro , Kobayashi Akio
Published: February 2015

A novel Nostoc commune-polysaccharide (NPS)-degrading enzyme with a molecular mass of 128.5 kDa was purified from Paenibacillus glycanilyticus DS-1. The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme activity were 5.5 and 35 °C, respectively. The enzyme completely degraded NPS to oligosaccharides, ranging from tetra to hexasaccharides and could degrade the xylan weakly whereas xanthan, gellan, cellulose, curdlan and p-nitrophenyl-β-ᴅ-xylopyranoside were not degraded. Homology analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the NPS-degrading enzyme against the PIR and SWISS-PROT databases indicated that the sequence was not homologous to any other polysaccharide-degrading enzyme.
Degradation of Aqueous 4-Chloroaniline by Ozonolysis and Combined γ-Rays-Ozone Processing
Authors: Sánchez Mónica , Getoff Nikola , Sümegi Laszlo , Zona Robert
Published: February 2015

The decomposition of 4-chloroaniline (4-ClA), used as a model for water pollutants, was studied by ozonolysis as well as by γ-rays in the presence of ozone under comparable conditions. The degradation process was followed by absorption spectroscopy and by HPLC-method as well. Depending on the ozone concentration (mg O3/min) introduced into the aqueous solution the substrate is decomposed to a mixture of carboxylic acids, which can be entirely degradated by prolonged treatment.

The combined processing of 4-ClA by γ-irradiation in the presence of ozone proved to lead even to more efficient degradation of the substrate. Some primary reaction steps are briefly discussed.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Hydrolysis of Acetylthiocholine by Butyrylcholine Esterase
Authors: Komers Karel , Čegan Alexandr , Link Marek
Published: February 2015

Kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine by the enzyme butyrylcholine esterase was studied. The spectrophotometric Ellman’s method and potentiometric pH-stat method were used for continuous determination of the actual concentration of the products thiocholine and acetic acid in the reaction mixture. The validity of the Michaelis-Menten (Briggs-Haldane) equation in the whole course of the reaction under used conditions was proved. The corresponding kinetics parameters (Vm and KM) were calculated from the obtained dependences of concentration of thiocholine or acetic acid vs. time and compared. From this comparison the deciding kinetic role of the step producing thiocholine was derived. The values of initial molar concentration of the enzyme and of the rate constants of the kinetic model were estimated.
Neolignan Glucosides From Phlomis Chimerae Boiss
Authors: Ersöz Tayfun , Saracoğlu İclal , Taşdemir Deniz , Kırmızıbekmez Hasan , Dönmez Ali A. , Ireland Chris M. , Çalış İhsan
Published: February 2015

From the aerial parts of the plant Phlomis chimerae, a new neolignan glucoside, (-)-4-O-methyldihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-9′-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (1) was characterized along with the known neolignan glucosides, (D)-4-O-methyldehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-9′-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (= longifloroside A) (2) and (-)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-9-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (3). The structure of the new compound was established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence
Paeonicluside, A New Salicylic Glycoside From The Greek Endemic Species Paeonia Clusii
Authors: Papandreou Vasiliki , Magiatis Prokopios , Kalpoutzakis Eleftherios , Skaltsounis Alexios-Leandros , Harvala Catherine
Published: February 2015

A new glycoside of salicylic aldehyde, paeonicluside, was isolated from the roots of the Greek endemic species Paeonia clusii subsp. clusii and identified as α-ʟ-arabinopyranosyl- (1→6)-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside of salicylic aldehyde (1). In addition, one characteristic monoterpene and two monoterpene glycosides were identified as paeoniflorigenone, paeoniflorin and benzoyl paeoniflorin, respectively. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of its spectroscopic data and chemical correlation. It is the first time that a derivative of salicylic aldehyde is isolated from the well-studied Paeonia genus
Cytotoxic, Hypoglycemic Activity And Phytochemical Analysis Of Rubus Imperialis (Rosaceae)
Authors: Kanegusuku Márcia , Benassi Jean Carlo , Pedrosa Rozangela Curi , Yunes Rosendo Augusto , Filho Valdir Cechinel , Monache Franco Delle , Niero Rivaldo
Published: February 2015

Screening of different extracts, fractions and compounds from Rubus imperialis Chum. Schl. (Rosaceae) has been conduced using the brine shrimp microwell cytotoxicity assay. Three parts of the plant (methanolic extract from leaves, roots and stems), three fractions from roots (hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol) and three isolated compounds (niga-ichigoside F1, 23-hydroxytormentic acid, ellagic acid derivative) were tested. The most promising material (LC50 <1000 μg/ml) were the methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from roots. However, there was little correlation observed in the degree of toxicities observed between the isolated compounds. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity and in vivo assays confirmed the hypoglycemic activity of methanolic extract and validated the Brazilian popular use of R. imperialis as an antidiabetic agent
Inability Of Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Ribosomes To Translate In Vivo Mrnas Containing Non-Shine-Dalgarno Translational Initiators
Authors: Golshani Ashkan , Xu John , Kolev Vihren , AbouHaidar Mounir G. , Ivanov Ivan G.
Published: February 2015

Numerous data accumulated during the last decade have shown that the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence is not a unique initiator of translation for Escherichia coli. Several other sequences, mostly of viral origin, have demonstrated their capability of either enhancing or initiating translation in vivo. A phage T7 gene 10 sequence, called “epsilon” (ε), has shown its high enhancing activity on translation in both Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells. In this study the ε, together with three other nucleotide sequences derived from the 5′ non-translated regions of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), papaya mosaic virus (PMV) and clover yellow mosaic virus (CYMV) RNAs are tested for translation initiation activity in A. tumefaciens cells. The obtained results indicate that none of them was capable of initiating translation in vivo of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) mRNA. To determine whether their inactivity was related with structural differences in the ribosomal protein S1, the rpsA gene (coding for S1 protein in E. coli) was co-expressed in A. tumefaciens together with the cat gene placed under the translational control of the above sequences. Our results showed that the rpsA gene product did not make any of the four viral enhancers active in A. tumefaciens cells. The inability of A. tumefaciens ribosomes to translate mRNAs devoid of SDsequences indicates for a substantial difference in the ribosome structure of the two Gram negative bacteria E. coli and A. tumefaciens
Antigen Levels Of Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator And Its Inhibitors In Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Sałuda-Gorgul Anna , Pytel Jacek , Olborski Bogusław , Greger Janusz
Published: February 2015

The aim of the study was to monitor urokinase plasminogen activator antigen concentrations and its type 1 (PAI-1) and type 2 (PAI-2) inhibitors in histologically defined forms of primary breast cancer and a comparison with these antigens levels in normal tissue. Another goal was a search for a relationship /or its lack/ between the occurrence of the new generation markers of neoplastic disease and a presence /or absence/ of lymph node metastases. UPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 antigen levels were determined by ELISA tests in protein extracts of breast cancer tissues. Among the studied breast tumors 32 specimens were ductal carcinomas, 15 specimens were lobular carcinomas and the remaining 13 were other rare histological forms. In comparison to the obtained values of u-PA antigen levels in normal tissue, the values in neoplastic tissues were elevated several times: 11-fold, 6-fold and 15-fold in ductal c., lobular c. and other rare neoplasms. The values of PAI-1 antigen levels were about 20- fold higher for all studied, histologically defined primary breast cancers. The greatest differences of PAI-2 antigen levels growth was observed in histologically defined primary breast cancer forms. It was augmented 10-fold, 40-fold and 20-fold, respectively, for ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma and rare forms of neoplasms. In various forms of invasive breast cancer and those without lymph node metastases the content of u-PA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 were also significantly elevated. Among the new generation of independent markers of the neoplastic process, PAI-2 seems to be the most reliable marker for the identification of primary breast cancer.

The goal of the present study was to evaluate a possible combined prognostic value of the three major components of the u-PA system (u-PA, PAI-1 and PAI-2) in patients with defined histopathological forms of primary breast cancer
Constituents and Biological Activities from Muehlenbeckia hastulata
Authors: Erazo Silvia , Muñoz Orlando , García Rubén , Lemusa Igor , Backhousea Nadine , Negretea Rosa , San Feliciano Arturo , Delporte Carla
Published: February 2015

Muehlenbeckia hastulata (J. E.Sm.) Johnst. used mainly for its abortive properties was found active for oxytoxic and analgesic activities in a biological activity screening (oxytoxic, analgesic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and xanthine oxidase assay). Epicatechin, emodin-8-glycoside and rutin were isolated from the aerial part and the root of the plant.
Exopolysaccharides Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria of Kefir Grains
Authors: Frengova Ginka I. , Simova Emilina D. , Beshkova Dora M. , Simov Zhelyasko I.
Published: February 2015

A Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus HP1 strain with high exopolysaccharide activity was selected from among 40 strains of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from kefir grains. By associating the Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus HP1 strain with Streptococcus thermophilus T15, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C15, Lactobacillus helveticus MP12. and Sacharomyces cerevisiae A13, a kefir starter was formed. The associated cultivation of the lactobacteria and yeast had a positive effect on the exopolysaccharide activity of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus HP1. The maximum exopolysaccharide concentration of the starter culture exceeded the one by the Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus HP1 monoculture by approximately 1.7 times, and the time needed to reach the maximum concentration (824.3 mg exopolysacharides/l) was shortened by 6 h. The monomer composition of the exopolysaccharides from the kefir starter culture was represented by glucose and galactose in a 1.0:0.94 ratio, which proves that the polymer synthesized is kefiran.
Cytotoxicity of Natural Hydroxyanthraquinones: Role of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Nemeikaitė-Čėnienė Aušra , Sergedienė Eglė , Nivinskas Henrikas , Čėnas Narimantas
Published: February 2015

In order to assess the role of oxidative stress in the cytotoxicity of natural hydroxyanthraquinones, we compared rhein, emodin, danthron, chrysophanol, and carminic acid, and a series of model quinones with available values of single-electron reduction midpoint potential at pH 7.0 (E1
7), with respect to their reactivity in the single-electron enzymatic reduction, and their mammalian cell toxicity. The toxicity of model uinones to the bovine leukemia virus-transformed lamb kidney fibroblasts (line FLK), and HL-60, a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, increased with an increase in their E17. A close parallelism was found between the reactivity of hydroxyanthraquinones and model quinones with single-electron transferring flavoenzymes ferredoxin: NADP+ reductase and NADPH: cytochrome P-450 reductase, and their cytotoxicity. This points to the importance of oxidative stress in the toxicity of hydroxyanthraquinones in these cell lines, which was further evidenced by the protective effects of desferrioxamine and the antioxidant N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylene diamine, by the potentiating effects of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, and an increase in lipid peroxidation.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities and Antimutagenicity of Turmeric Oil: A Byproduct from Curcumin Production
Authors: Jayaprakasha Guddadarangavvanahally K. , Jena Bhabani S. , Negi Pradeep S. , Sakariah Kunnumpurath K.
Published: February 2015

Curcumin removed turmeric oleoresin (CRTO) was extracted with hexane and concentrated to get turmeric oil, and that was fractionated using silica gel column chromatography to obtain three fractions. These fractions were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Turmeric oil contained aromatic turmerone (31.32%), turmerone (15.08%) and curlone (9.7%), whereas fractions III has aromatic turmerone (44.5%), curlone (19.22%) and turmerone (10.88%) as major compounds. Also, oxygenated compounds (5,6,8-10) were enriched in fraction III. Turmeric oil and its fractions were tested for antioxidant activity using the β-carotene-linoleate model system and the phosphomolybdenum method. The fraction III showed maximum antioxidant capacity. These fractions were also used to determine their protective effect against the mutagenicity of sodium azide by means of the Ames test. All the fractions and turmeric oil exhibited a markedly antimutagenicity but fraction III was the most effective. The antioxidant effects of turmeric oil and its fractions may provide an explanation for their antimutagenic action.
Potentiating Effect of Mizoribine on the Anti-Herpes Virus Activity of Acyclovir
Authors: Pancheva Sonja , Dundarova Daniela , Remichkova Mimy
Published: February 2015

Pharmacological induction of low deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) levels in virus-infected cells could result in an increased antiviral effectiveness of some selective antiviral nucleoside analogues. That could be exploited as a new combined strategy in the treatment of herpes virus infections. From this point of view the alteration of antiherpes activity of acyclovir (ACV) in combination with mizoribine (N′-[β-d-ribofuranosyl]-5-hydroxyimidazole-4-carboxamide) (MZR), an inhibitor which lowers the intracellular pool of dGTP, was studied. MZR applied alone at non-toxic concentrations had no effect on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication in human embryonic skin-muscle fibroblasts (HESMF). The combination of MZR and ACV acts synergistically, as measured by the virus yield assay in the above mentioned system. The potentiating effect of MZR on the anti-HSV-1 activity of ACV was reversed by guanosine (Guo). In this case dGTP could be considered as the “key metabolite” responsible for the higher effectivity of the combination of drugs.
Diastereomeric Pyoverdin-Chromium(III) Complexes
Authors: Budzikiewicz Herbert , Georgias Halka , Taraz Kambiz
Published: February 2015

Coordination isomeric diastereomeric Cr3+ complexes of the pyoverdin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692 could be separated by chromatography and characterized by spectroscopic methods.
A Modified Procedure for Isolation of Yeast Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Nedeva Trayana , Petrova Ventzislava , Hristozova Tsonka , Kujumdzieva Anna
Published: February 2015

A modified, rapid and inexpensive method for preparation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), suitable for molecular analysis is proposed. It comprises batch cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain NBIMCC 583 on a simple nutrient medium at 28 °C; permeabialization of cells from late exponential growth phase with cetyltrimethylamonnium bromide, mechanical disintegration of the cell wall; preparation of a mitochondrial fraction and subsequent isolation and purification of mtDNA. The amount and the purity of the obtained mtDNA have been checked and its application for molecular analysis proven.

The main advantages of the proposed procedure for isolation of mtDNA are introduction of simple nutrient medium, replacement of the enzymatic lysis of the cell wall by the cheaper mechanical one, avoidance of ultracentrifugation steps and use of harmful chemical substances.
Figurines, materiality and social life in ancient Mesoamerica
Authors: Lillios Katina T.
Published: February 2015

Reading these two books is like peering into a magnifying lens. One is able to focus in and reflect on small details, but is also made aware that these details are inextricably linked to, and informed by, other elements in the field of view. In Material relations: the marriage figurines of Prehispanic Honduras and Maya figurines: intersections between state and household, the authors carry out focused analyses of ceramic figurines from pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica. Through the theoretical lenses of materiality, practice and mimesis, they show how figurines, as individual objects or assemblages, created social life through their portability, transferability and biographies. Furthermore, because of their association with households, they show how figurines can speak to the lives of women, children and commoners, the dynamics of households, and the relationship between non-states or culturally peripheral areas and the state. These two books stand as nuanced exemplars of microscale approaches in archaeology and a concern with intimate practices to reveal larger social phenomena.
Here, there and everywhere?
Authors: Brandherm Dirk
Published: February 2015

Ling and Stos-Gale (above) present some hitherto little-known rock art motifs from various locations in Sweden, and offer an intriguing interpretation for them that ties in with the recent realisation that some of the copper used in the earlier Bronze Age of southern Scandinavia may have originated from Cyprus.
Final response and future directions
Authors: Ling Johan , Stos-Gale Zofia
Published: February 2015

It is rare for authors to be able to read comments on their paper by leading colleagues and to have the chance to respond before its publication. We would like to thank the editor of Antiquity for providing this opportunity. The comments express both acceptance of, and doubts about, interconnectedness between the eastern Mediterranean and Scandinavia in the Bronze Age. Kaul's comments demonstrate a deep insight into how Nordic archaeology reveals this interconnectedness; that is clearly expressed in his latest publication on the topic in Antiquity (Kaul 2013). Moreover, both Kaul and Sognnes, who accept these interconnections, have an excellent understanding of Scandinavian Bronze Age rock art. In fact, most of the reviewers’ comments express a positive attitude to the interpretation of the rock art images as possible representations of oxhide ingots.
Oxhide ingots in the European North?
Authors: Harding Anthony
Published: February 2015

The above paper by Ling and Stos-Gale raises interesting questions about the extent and effects of trans-continental trade and travel in the Bronze Age. Of course, there is nothing new in the suggestion that Scandinavia was closely linked to the eastern Mediterranean in this period: Kristian Kristiansen, and before him Jan Bouzek, Klavs Randsborg and Peter Schauer have been saying just that for many years (e.g. Bouzek 1966; Randsborg 1967; Schauer 1985; Kristiansen 1994). What is new is the two-fold suggestion that metal was travelling from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia, as shown by metal analysis, and that this is reflected in the rock art by what are presented here as depictions of oxhide ingots.
Opening the Bronze Age world
Authors: Kaul Flemming
Published: February 2015

In the above paper by Johan Ling and Zofia Stos-Gale, an object seen in a number of Swedish rock paintings and carvings is understood to be a representation of the so-called oxhide shaped ingot of the eastern Mediterranean Minoan-Mycenaean Bronze Age culture.
A Bohemian paradise
Authors: Megaw J.V.S.
Published: February 2015

It is true that in Europe when it comes to writing broad-based surveys of their archaeology some countries have been more equal than others. The United Kingdom and Ireland probably hold the record, closely followed by the Low Countries. The Czechs also have a long tradition of publishing surveys in one or other of the major European languages, commencing with three slender but well-illustrated volumes with texts in French by the prehistorian Albín Stocký (1924, 1928, 1933). Then in 1961 appeared Czechoslovakia before the Slavs (Neustupný 1961), the English edition of the overview written by the father and son team of Evžen and Jiří Neustupný and published in the previous year (Neustupný & Neustupný 1960). In 1978 appeared a massive single-volume prehistory of Bohemia with a brief summary and captions to the illustrations in German (Pleiner & Rybová 1978). Most recently, from 2007 to 2008 the eight volumes of Archeologie pravěkých Čech appeared—and then disappeared; in a matter of months the entire print run had been sold.
Exploration of Ternary Subsystems of Superalloys by High-Throughput Thin Film Experimentation: Optical and Electrical Data of the Co-Al-W System
Authors: Naujoks Dennis , Koenig Dennis , Ludwig Alfred
Published: February 2015

The complete ternary system Co-Al-W was fabricated as a thin film materials library by combinatorial magnetron sputtering. The materials library was investigated using high-throughput characterization methods such as optical measurements as well as automated resistance screening. The obtained data indicate possible phase regions and compositional regions which show early surface oxidation. The demonstrated approach illustrates that using high-throughput measurement methods provides a fast access to data of relatively unexplored materials systems. The gained data provides a valuable basis for further in-depth studies of the investigated materials systems.
Evaluation of Dislocation Mobility in Wurtzite Semiconductors
Authors: Yonenaga Ichiro
Published: February 2015

The indentation hardness and yield strength of various wurtzite-structured semiconductors, such as AlN, GaN, InN, and ZnO, were summarized together with those of 6H-SiC. From analysis of the data, the activation energy for motion of an individual dislocation was deduced to be 2–2.7 and 0.7–1.2 eV in GaN and ZnO, respectively, and the evaluated activation energy for dislocation motion showed a dependence on the dislocation energy in the minimum length. The results were evaluated in terms of homology and the basic mechanism of the dislocation process. Dislocation motion is thought to be primarily controlled by the atomic bonding character of the semiconductors.
Screening Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides for Safety in Bioenergy Crops
Authors: Smith Larissa L. , Askew Shawn D. , Hagood Edward S. , Barney Jacob N.
Published: February 2015

Interest in the cultivation of bioenergy feedstocks has increased the need for information in this rapidly developing sector of agriculture. Many fast-growing, large-statured perennial grasses have been selected because of their high biomass production potential, competitive nature, and ability to tolerate marginal growing conditions. However, weed pressure in the establishment phase can be detrimental to crop yield. Weed control is one of the most costly and resource-intensive aspects of bioenergy crop establishment. Unfortunately, little information exists on practical weed management techniques for the majority of these new crops. The tolerance of switchgrass, big bluestem, reed canarygrass, sorghum, giant reed, eulaliagrass, and giant miscanthus (sterile and seeded) to 22 PRE and 22 POST herbicides were evaluated. Plants were grown in the greenhouse and evaluated for injury, height, and aboveground biomass after 5 or 7 wk for PRE and POST applications, respectively. PRE and POST application of 2,4-D, bentazon, bromoxynil, carfentrazone, dicamba, halosulfuron, and topramezone did not significantly injure any species. Giant miscanthus was more tolerant to PRE herbicides when established from rhizomes compared with seed establishment. Supporting previous research, all eulaliagrass and switchgrass cultivars demonstrated comparable tolerance to PRE application of all 22 herbicides. With the information gained in this study a suite of herbicides may have potential for use in bioenergy crops; however, they should be tested on larger-scale field trials over multiple growing seasons to validate initial findings.
Dynamic installation and monotonic pullout of a torpedo anchor in calcareous silt
Authors: HOSSAIN M.S. , O'LOUGHLIN C.D. , KIM Y.
Published: February 2015

Challenges associated with dynamically installed anchors include prediction of the anchor embedment depth, which dictates the anchor's holding capacity. This is particularly true for calcareous sediments, as very little performance data exist for this anchor type in these soils. This paper reports results from a series of model tests undertaken to provide insight into the behaviour of a torpedo anchor during dynamic installation and monotonic pullout in lightly overconsolidated calcareous silt. The tests were carried out in a beam centrifuge, varying the drop height and consequently the impact velocity, and the consolidation period prior to anchor pullout. The mudline load inclination was also varied to encompass various mooring configurations. The centrifuge model test data were used to calibrate: (a) an analytical dynamic embedment model, based on conventional bearing and frictional resistance factors but with strain-rate-dependent undrained shear strength for the soil; and (b) an analytical quasi-static vertical pullout capacity model, accounting for reverse end bearing and frictional resistance. A total energy based expression, appropriate for calcareous silts, was proposed for predicting anchor embedment depth for a given anchor geometry, mass and impact velocity. For assessing anchor vertical holding capacity, a piezocone based direct design approach was also proposed, deriving anchor end bearing and frictional resistance from cone tip resistance and sleeve friction, respectively. Anchor capacity under inclined loading was presented as failure envelopes expressed in terms of dimensionless vertical and horizontal components of anchor net resistance, which agreed well with a finite-element based envelope developed for embedded foundations. The regain of anchor capacity was found to be in good agreement with predictions based on the cavity expansion framework.
One-way shear strength of circular voided reinforced concrete floor slabs
Authors: Chung Joo-Hong , Choi Hyun-Ki , Lee Seung-Chang , Choi Chang-Sik
Published: February 2015

Generally, voided reinforced concrete floor slabs in building structures have a lower shear strength compared with solid slabs owing to the reduction in their cross-sectional area. This study shows that the void shape and material of the void-shaper also influence the shear strength of voided slabs. To verify these assumptions, one-way shear tests were conducted for four test specimens. The first was a conventional solid slab and the others were voided slabs. The voids had toroidal or ‘doughnut' shapes as well as non-doughnut shapes. The void-shaper was made of polypropylene plastic and glass-fibre-reinforced plastic. The test results showed that the shear strength of doughnut-type voided slabs was 73–78% of a solid slab and was superior to that of existing voided slabs. The shear crack angle changed with the void shape. A finite-element analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of these parameters on the shear behaviour of the doughnut-type voided slab.
Frecuencia de la impactación de segundos molares, en pacientes de 6 a 16 años de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia
Authors: Espinal-Botero Gabriel , Cobollo Luis Felipe , Mesa Nadya , Montoya Ana María , Mosquera Yanedy , Vásquez Luz Aida
Published: February 2015

Introducción: la erupción es un proceso en el desarrollo dental, responsable del movimiento del germen dentario hasta su posición final cuando ocluye con su antagonista. La impactación se define como el fracaso de la erupción dentaria causada por un obstáculo físico en la ruta de acceso o erupción a la posición normal del diente. Los dientes con mayor incidencia de impactación, en orden de frecuencia, son los terceros molares, seguidos de los caninos, premolares y segundos molares. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer la frecuencia de impactación del segundo molar inferior en pacientes de las clínicas de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia. Se revisaron 500 historias clínicas de pacientes entre 6 y 16 años que asistieron a las clínicas de la facultad en un periodo de seis años. Resultados: 442 historias cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La edad promedio de la muestra fue 10,8 años; el 57,2% fueron mujeres. Se encontraron 48 pacientes con segundos molares impactados (10,8%), 30 fueron mujeres (62,5%). La impactación fue bilateral (80%), la inclinación mesial fue del 76,6%. En hombres predominó la impactación bilateral, con 83,3%, y la inclinación mesial, con 88,8%. Conclusiones: al compararlo con otros estudios, se encontró una frecuencia alta de impactación, por lo que se resalta la importancia de un diagnóstico temprano.
El ambiente escolar y la educación para la salud bucal en instituciones educativas oficiales pertenecientes a la estrategia “Escuelas Saludables”, Secretaría de Salud de Medellín
Authors: Ochoa-Acosta Emilia María , Roldán-Vargas Ofelia , Franco-Cortés Ángela María , Ramírez-Puerta Blanca Susana , Mejía Pineda Olga Lucía
Published: February 2015

Introducción: el objetivo de este trabajo fue comprender los avances en la apropiación y el compromiso de la comunidad educativa con el proceso de promoción y educación para la salud bucal, así como identificar condiciones del ambiente escolar que favorecen u obstaculizan el desarrollo de las acciones propuestas en el marco de la estrategia “Escuelas y Colegios Saludables”, de la Secretaría de Salud de Medellín. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, enfoque y método hermenéutico. Para la recolección de la información, se hicieron cinco grupos focales con educadores de primero y tercero de básica primaria; cinco entrevistas en profundidad a directivos docentes, y dos entrevistas a niños de tercer grado de básica primaria. El análisis se concibió desde una lógica inductiva y se trabajó a partir de tres niveles: identificación de regularidades, categorización de la información y construcción de sentido. Resultados: la información se organizó en torno a tres categorías de análisis y sus respectivas tendencias, entre las que se destacan: la responsabilidad frente a la salud, un compromiso de todos los actores educativos; la tímida inclusión de la salud bucal como apuesta curricular, y la irrupción programática de la dinámica escolar que opaca la apuesta por el trabajo cooperado. Conclusión: mediante la implementación de estrategias de promoción de la salud en la escuela, se han logrado algunos avances, especialmente frente al propósito de acercar salud y educación como sectores sociales de amplia trascendencia, para facilitar la apropiación de las acciones en salud. A pesar de esto, las iniciativas en salud bucal no han logrado consolidarse en la cotidianidad escolar.
Least Change Secant Update Methods for Nonlinear Complementarity Problem
Authors: Arenas A Favián , Martínez Héctor J , Pérez M Rosana
Published: February 2015

In this work, we introduce a family of Least Change Secant Update Methods for solving Nonlinear Complementarity Problems based on its reformulation as a nonsmooth system using the one-parametric class of nonlinear complementarity functions introduced by Kanzow and Kleinmichel. We prove local and superlinear convergence for the algorithms. Some numerical experiments show a good performance of this algorithm.
Optimización de manipulabilidad y consumo eléctrico mediante el Algoritmo Heurístico de Kalman en manipuladores seriales
Authors: Ramirez Henao Juan Camilo , Duque Muñoz Leonardo
Published: February 2015

En el presente trabajo se plantea una metodología de planeación de trayectorias para manipuladores seriales antropomórficos de seis grados de libertad y muñeca esférica enfocada en la minimización del consumo eléctrico y maximización de la manipulabilidad. Para lograr tal fin se expone un algoritmo de optimización el cual tiene como base el Algoritmo Heurístico de Kalman (AHK), cuya finalidad es encontrar la trayectoria óptima según la función multi-objetivo propuesta dentro de un espacio esférico simplificado propuesto. El algoritmo de optimización se evalúa mediante el análisis del comportamiento de dos trayectorias en el manipulador PUMA 560, simuladas en un programa desarrollado en la aplicación de Visual Basic perteneciente al software Autodesk Inventor.
Una arquitectura para el diseño conceptual de vehículos para exploración subacuática
Authors: Correa Julio C , Vásquez Rafael E , Ramírez-Macías Juan A , Taborda Elkin A , Zuluaga Carlos A , Posada Norha L , Londoño Jorge M
Published: February 2015

Este artículo presenta una arquitectura para el diseño conceptual de vehículos subacuáticos operados remotamente (ROV). La arquitectura propuesta está basada en una revisión extensa de literatura y la experiencia obtenida durante 20 años con el desarrollo de tres sistemas ROV diseñados para misiones de inspección subacuática. El ROV se divide en cinco subsistemas: vehículo, estación en superficie, interfaz superficie/vehículo, sistema de control y software. Para cada uno de estos subsistemas se definen funciones y tareas, se enuncian componentes, se establecen interrelaciones con otros subsistemas y se plantean alternativas comúnmente utilizadas. La delimitación de los subsistemas desde el diseño conceptual busca evitar problemas en las fases avanzadas del desarrollo del sistema robótico de exploración.
PLANO DE GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL: UMA BREVE ABORDAGEM
Authors: Aires de Alencar Ari , Mayumi Murashita Takenaka Edilene
Published: February 2015

Os geradores de resíduos da construção civil são responsáveis pela observância dos padrões previstos nas legislações específicas, referentes à disposição final, fazendo sua gestão interna e externa. O compromisso ambiental e a viabilidade econômica devem garantir a sustentabilidade, a condição e a solução para a destinação final dos resíduos, sendo competência da administração municipal adequar os locais para o recebimento de tais resíduos. O objetivo do presente artigo é fomentar novos debates sobre o tema a partir de uma breve abordagem sobre o Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos da Construção Civil, e para tal finalidade, a metodologia utilizada foi o levantamento de dados obtidos por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica.   Palavras-chave: Resíduos da construção civil. Gestão de resíduos. Meio ambiente.   PLAN OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION RESIDUES MANAGEMENT: A BRIEF APPROACH   ABSTRACT The generator of residue from civil construction are responsable for observing the patterns provided on the specified legislation, regarding the final dispose, making its internal and external management. The ambiental compromise and the economical feasibility must guarantee the sustainability, the conditions and solutions for the final destination of residues, it's municipal management competency to adapt the places to receive such residue. The objective of this article is create new discussions around the subject from a brief approach about the Plan of Residue Management from Civil Construction, and for this goal, the methodology used was the collect of data obtained by bibliographic research. Key-words: Residue of civil construction. Residue management. Environment. PLAN DE GESTIÓN DE RESIDUOS DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN: UNA BREVE APROXIMACIÓN RESUMEN Los generadores de residuos de la construcción son responsables del cumplimiento de las normas especificadas en el específico, relacionado con las leyes de eliminación, por lo que su gestión interna y externa. El compromiso ambiental y viabilidad económica deberían garantizar la sostenibilidad, la condición y la solución para la eliminación de residuos, y la competencia de la medida la administración municipal los sitios para recibir este tipo de residuos. El propósito de este artículo es animar a continuar el debate sobre el tema desde una breve aproximación al Plan de Gestión de Residuos de la Construcción, y para este propósito, la metodología utilizada fue los datos de la encuesta obtenidos por medio de la literatura. Palabras clave: residuos de la construcción. Gestión de residuos. Medio Ambiente.
TRATAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS TECNOLÓGICOS: QUAL O DESTINO DO LIXO ELETRÔNICO DE EMPRESAS DE INFORMÁTICA NO MUNICÍPIO DE SERRA TALHADA-PE?
Authors: Luiz Lima de Paulo Felipe , Íris Maciano de Andrada Zara
Published: February 2015

Muitas são as consequências que o meio ambiente sofre por causa da poluição. Esse problema a muito vem sendo discutido e sabe-se atualmente que o homem tem responsabilidades ambientais e sociais. Nesta perspectiva, essa pesquisa tem como foco saber como tem sido feito o descarte do lixo eletrônico e qual tem sido o destino dos equipamentos das lojas de informática da cidade de Serra Talhada-PE. Objetivou-se também saber se essas empresas conhecem e praticam a logística reversa. Como metodologia, aplicou-se questionário semiaberto para avaliar o nível de gestão ambiental das empresas pesquisadas. Ao final, percebeu-se que as empresas ainda não estão totalmente adequadas ao que se espera para boas práticas de gestão ambiental. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Impactos ambientais, lixo eletrônico, Serra Talhada - PE.   SOLID WASTE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: WHAT IS THE FATE OF ELECTRONIC WASTE TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES IN THE CITY OF SERRA TALHADA - PE? ABSTRACT There are many consequences that the environment suffers because of pollution. This problem has been discussed a lot and is now known that man has environmental and social responsibilities. In this perspective, this research focuses on knowledge as has been done to discard the junk mail and what has been the destination of equipment computer stores in the city of Serra Talhada-PE. Also aimed to find out if these companies know and practice reverse logistics. The methodology was applied semi-open questionnaire to assess the level of environmental management of the companies surveyed. At the end, it was noticed that companies are not fully appropriate to what is expected for good environmental management practices. KEY-WORDS: Environmental impacts, technological waste, Serra Talhada – PE.  RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS TRATAMIENTO DE TECNOLOGÍA: ¿CUÁL ES EL DESTINO DE ELECTRÓNICOS EMPRESAS TECNOLÓGICAS DE RESIDUOS EN LA CIUDAD DE SERRA TALHADA - PE? RESUMEN Hay muchas consecuencias que sufre el medio ambiente debido a la contaminación. Este problema se ha discutido mucho y ahora se sabe que el hombre tiene responsabilidades ambientales y sociales. En esta perspectiva, esta investigación se centra en el conocimiento como se ha hecho para descartar el correo basura y lo que ha sido el destino de los equipos de las tiendas de computadoras en la ciudad de Serra Talhada-PE. También tuvo como objetivo determinar si estas empresas saben y logística inversa práctica. La metodología se aplicó cuestionario semi-abierto para evaluar el nivel de la gestión ambiental de las empresas encuestadas. Al final, se dio cuenta de que las empresas no son totalmente adecuadas para lo que se espera para las buenas prácticas de gestión ambiental. PALABRAS-CLAVE Los impactos ambientales, residuos tecnológicos, Serra Talhada – PE.
ANÁLISE DE RUÍDOS EM METRÓPOLES BRASILEIRAS: OBSERVAÇÕES EM CAMPO NA ZONA NORTE CARIOCA
Authors: Borges Mamede Bruno , Devides Moreno Lucas , Augusto Noronha de Castro Pinto Fernando
Published: February 2015

Este estudo possui como objetivo a observação do comportamento dos níveis de pressão sonora em uma determinada área da Zona Norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a partir dos conceitos de Engenharia Acústica. No caso de extrapolação dos limites legais estabelecidos quais medidas podem ser adotadas para mitigar o problema, tal qual uma reflexão a cerca de normatização destes. Entretanto, além da apresentação e discussão dos resultados bem como possíveis medidas mitigadoras, o principal objetivo aqui está no impacto dos níveis de ruído no cotidiano urbano a partir de sua disseminação (mensurável) no espaço das cidades e as possíveis formas de compatibilização destes para implemento da qualidade de vida local. Palavras-Chave: Engenharia Acústica, Engenharia Urbana, Geografia Urbana, Geografia dos Transportes.   ANALYSIS NOISE IN BRAZILIAN METROPOLISES: NOTES ON FIELD IN NORTH ZONE CARIOCA ABSTRACT This study’s objective is to observe the conduct of sound pressure levels in a determinate area of Rio de Janeiro’s North Zone, based in the Acoustics Engineering’s concepts. In the case of legal limits’ extrapolation which measures could be adopted to mitigate the problem, such as a reflection about the normalization of those ones. However, beyond presentation, discussion of the results and mitigate measures, the main goal here is in the impact of noise levels in the urban daily activities and the possible forms of compatibility for local life quality implement. Keywords: Acoustics Engineering, Urban Engineering, Urban Geography, Transportation Geography.   RUIDO EN ANÁLISIS METRÓPOLIS BRASILEÑAS: NOTAS EN CAMPO EN ZONA NORTE CARIOCA RESUMÉN El objetivo de esta investigación es la observación del comportamiento de los niveles de presión sonora en un área determinada de la Zona Norte de la ciudad del Río de Janeiro, de acuerdo con los conceptos de Ingeniería Acústica. En el tocante a la extrapolación de los límites legales cuales medidas se pueden ser hechas para la mitigación de la problemática, así como una reflexión acerca de los propios parámetros de normalización de esas. Para tanto, además de la presentación, discusión de los resultados y maneras de mitigar los problemas, la meta principal de este estudio está en el impacto que los niveles de sonido afectan las actividades urbanas diarias frente las posibles formas de compatibilización para implemento a la calidad de vida local. Palabras-Clave: Ingeniera Acústica, Ingeniería Urbana, Geografía Urbana, Geografía de Transportes.
ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DE OFERTA E DEMANDA DO ABACATE NA ALTA PAULISTA
Authors: Ferrari Putti Fernando , César Góes Bruno , Fernando Cataneo Pedro
Published: February 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho, visa analisar a oferta e demanda de abacate no Brasil, identificando os estados produtores e onde está concentrada a sua produção; a demanda brasileira de consumo do fruto em relação ao mundo, informando os benefícios nutricionais do abacate, no combate e prevenção doenças cardiovasculares, entre outras; e tendo como foco de estudo, a produção na região da alta paulista. Foram feitos levantamento de dados através de pesquisas com base no Escritório de Desenvolvimento Regional de Tupã (EDR) e do Instituto de Economia Agrícola (IEA).   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Exportação, consumo, mercado.   ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SUPPL AND DEMAND OF AVOCADO PAULO ON HIGH ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the supply of avocado in Brazil, identifying the producing states and where their production is concentrated; Brazilian demand consumption of the fruit in relation to the world, stating the nutritional benefits of avocados, in combating and preventing cardiovascular diseases, among others; and focusing the study on the production of high Paulista region. Survey data were made through research based in the Office of Regional Development Tupa (EDR) and the Institute of Agricultural Economics (IEA). KEY-WORDS: Export.Consumption. Market.  ANÁLISIS E ECONÔMICO DE LA OFERTA Y LA DEMANDA DE AGUACATE PAULO EM ALTA   RESUMEN Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la oferta de palta en Brasil, la identificación de los estados productores y en los que su producción se concentra; el consumo de la demanda brasileña de la fruta en relación con el mundo, exponiendo los beneficios nutricionales de los aguacates, en la lucha y prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, entre otras; y se centra el estudio en la producción de alta región Paulista. Los datos de encuestas se realizaron a través de la investigación basada en la Oficina de Desarrollo Tupa Regional (EDR) y el Instituto de Economía Agrícola (IEA). PALABRAS-CLAVE Exportación. El consumo. El mercado.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA GESTÃO AMBIENTAL NA CERTIFICAÇÃO FAIR TRADE: PRINCIPAIS DIFERENÇAS ENTRE NORMAS PÚBLICAS E PRIVADAS
Authors: Pinheiro Gabriela , Ken Nagai Douglas
Published: February 2015

Para acessar oportunidades de mercado diferenciadas, os produtores de café têm buscado mecanismos de certificação visando melhorar seus meios de comercialização e produção. Nesse contexto, as normas públicas nacionais trazem requisitos mínimos a serem cumpridas para a exploração adequada do setor. Já as normas privadas possuem exigência mais elevada, porém permitem o acesso a ganhos diferenciados. Neste sentido, o presente artigo tem o objetivo de descrever as principais diferenças entre as normas públicas e as normas estabelecidas pela certificação Fairtrade Internacional para café, no que tange a gestão ambiental. Visa-se analisar qual a distância entre elas e se há similaridade em alguns pontos, bem como verificar se as normas públicas dão respaldo para certificação Fairtrade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Certificação. Normas Públicas. Gestão Ambiental.   COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT FAIRTRADE CERTIFICATION: MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE STANDARDS ABSTRACT To access opportunities for differentiated markets, coffee farmers have sought certification mechanisms to improve their means of production and marketing. In this context, national public standards bring minimum requirements to be met for proper operation of the sector. Private standards usually have higher requirements, but allow access to differentiated gains. In this sense, the present article aims to describe the main differences between public norms and the standards established by the International Fairtrade certification for coffee, as it pertains to environmental management. The overall objective is to verify that the distance between them and if there is similarity in some points and check if the rules give public backing for Fairtrade certification. KEY-WORDS: Certification. Public Standards. Environmental Management .  ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL EN LA CERTIFICACIÓN FAIRTRADE: PRINCIPALES DIFERENCIAS ENTRE NORMAS PÚBLICAS Y PRIVADAS RESUMEN Para oportunidades de acceso para el mercado diferenciado, los productores de café han buscado mecanismos de certificación para mejorar sus medios de producción y comercialización. En este contexto, las normas públicas nacionales traer requisitos mínimos que deben cumplir para un correcto funcionamiento del sector. Las normas privadas son ya más alta exigencia, pero permiten el acceso a las ganancias diferenciadas. En este sentido, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir las principales diferencias entre las normas públicas y las normas establecidas por la certificación internacional de Comercio Justo para el café, en lo que respecta a la gestión ambiental. Que pretende analizar la distancia entre ellos y si hay similitud en algunos puntos y comprobar si las reglas le dan el respaldo público para la certificación Fairtrade. PALABRAS-CLAVE: Certificación. Normas públicas. Gestión Ambiental