bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Khomus in the historical memory of Yakutia
Authors: Gogolev Anatolii Ignatevich , Egorov Aleksandr Fedorovich , Rufov Dmitriy Evgenevich
Published: December 2023

The formation of a new historical memory with the transformation of commemorative practices in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is primarily aimed at rethinking old practices and introducing new memory mechanisms. This process began at the end of the twentieth century throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation. It should be noted that in addition to the beginning of the formation of a new all-Russian historical memory, local manifestations of memory associated with local peoples and their culture are being formed. In this article, we will try to consider this process of changing historical memory, precisely using the methods of concentration of memory sites, with one of the clearest examples of commemoration – the Yakut khomus, which can be considered one of the national symbols of Yakutia. The main method in this work is the methods of historical memory research, namely the methods of studying places of memory. In this work, for the first time, an attempt is made to explain through the concept of places of memory of Pierre Nora, which place in the historical memory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is occupied by the khomus, which is one of the main musical instruments of the Sakha people. The Yakuts do not have such extensive musical instruments, compared with the peoples of Altai and Central Asia, the Yakuts are rich in oral folk and song creativity, which makes the khomus one of the main musical instruments of the people. The khomus, being a harp instrument, one of the oldest types of musical instruments, has passed through the centuries and has practically not changed its appearance, only technologies and production methods will be changed. The commemorative processes that occur with khomus are very interesting for scientists to study and consider.
CLOVER: Contrastive Learning for Onboard Vision-Enabled Robotics
Authors: Vincent Grace M. , Ward Isaac R. , Moore Charles , Chen Jingdao , Pak Kai , Yepremyan Alice , Wilson Brian , Goh Edwin Y.
Published: December 2023

Current deep-learning models employed by the planetary science community are constrained by a dearth of annotated training data for planetary images. Current models also frequently suffer from inductive bias due to domain shifts when using the same model on data obtained from different spacecraft or different time periods. Moreover, power and compute constraints preclude state-of-the-art vision models from being implemented on robotic spacecraft. In this research, we propose a self-supervised learning (SSL) framework that leverages contrastive learning techniques to improve upon state-of-the-art performance on several published Mars computer vision benchmarks. Our SSL framework enables models to be trained using fewer labels, generalize well to different tasks, and achieve higher computational efficiency. Results on published Mars computer vision benchmarks show that contrastive pretraining outperforms plain supervised learning by 2–10%. We further investigate the importance of dataset heterogeneity in mixed-domain contrastive pretraining. Using self-supervised distillation, we were also able to train a compact ResNet-18 student model to achieve better accuracy than its ResNet-152 teacher model while having 5.2 times fewer parameters. We expect that these SSL techniques will be relevant to the planning of future robotic missions, and remote sensing identification of target destinations with high scientific value.
Launch Vehicle Ascent Computational Fluid Dynamics for the Space Launch System
Authors: Dalle Derek J. , Rogers Stuart E. , Meeroff Jamie G. , Burkhead Aaron C. , Schauerhamer Daniel G. , Diaz Joshua F.
Published: December 2023

This paper will discuss the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the Space Launch System (SLS) program to model the ascent phase of flight. The ascent phase begins shortly after the vehicle clears the launch tower and extends to the first staging event. To model SLS’s ascent, over 1000 numerical solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations were solved, and this analysis has been repeated for five different SLS configurations. To manage this demanding ascent CFD task, the SLS program has developed the Computational Aerosciences Productivity & Execution software. The paper also discusses some of the ways that CFD and high-end computing have advanced in the last decade and offers some comparisons to CFD used in the Space Shuttle Program.
Piezoelectric-Actuator De-Icing Array Design Based on Structural Vibration Modes
Authors: Miao Bo , Yuan Lang , Zhu Chunling
Published: December 2023

Mechanical vibration-based de-icing technology using piezoelectric actuators has demonstrated the features of low-energy consumption and nonthermal concepts in combating icing. The research on these de-icing methods presents challenges as the guidelines for piezoelectric-actuator arrangement on structures are not well established during the design stage of a de-icing system. A piezoelectric-actuator array design framework is established to give a solution for the determination of its arrangement in actual applications. The concept of placing piezo actuators according to the structural vibration modes of the substrate is first obtained by theoretical analysis. Then the influence of the dimensions and position of the piezo actuator are researched on a scale based on the half wavelength of the vibration modes. The framework for the piezo-actuator array design, based on structural vibration modes, is developed within the constraints of those parameters influencing its behavior and control of the adhesive bonding-layer thickness. The detailed piezo-actuator array is determined based on the array-design framework and is also verified by experimental measurements and de-icing tests. We further demonstrate the usefulness of the designed piezo-actuator array and the corresponding array design frameworks through the occurrence of cracks and delamination of ice on the leading-edge structure under different icing cases in an ice wind tunnel.
Optimal Performance Trim Procedure for Multirotor Vertical Takeoff and Landing Vehicles
Authors: Poggi Caterina , Bernardini Giovanni , Gennaretti Massimo , Porcacchia Federico
Published: December 2023

The present paper proposes a general approach capable of determining the set of trim commands, aerodynamic control surface actuation, and/or engine thrust regulation that allow specific trimmed steady-state flight conditions of nonconventional vertical takeoff and landing vehicles under given performance constraints. Exploiting the peculiarity of these vehicles to have redundant controls, namely more controls than those strictly required to define steady-state flight conditions, their trim problem is recast into a constrained minimization of a cost function. This approach is of particular interest in that it allows the identification of control settings for multirotor vehicles that, at the same time, guarantee trimmed flight conditions and optimization of selected target functions such as, for instance, performance or noise emission. The proposed approach is numerically applied to quadcopter and hexacopter configurations for three flight conditions (level forward flight, climb, and coordinate turn), and three strategies of trim by different trim variables (rotor angular velocity, blade collective pitch, and combination of angular velocity and blade collective pitch). The effect of the introduced cost function is investigated, comparing the outcomes of minimum control effort and minimum torque strategies. The results achieved demonstrate the capability of the proposed algorithm to exploit redundant controls of multirotor vehicles for identifying selected optimal trim operative conditions.
Robust Control in Synchronization Process of Space Manipulators with Tumbling Target
Authors: Galicki Mirosław , Banaszkiewicz Marek , Węgrzyn Marek
Published: December 2023

The presented work introduces a new class of controllers for free-flying space manipulators liable to unknown/unstructured, adverse disturbing forces/torques imposed on the end effector. A novel approach for constructing the spacecraft desired trajectory based on a virtual space manipulator with maximal holonomic manipulability measure is also offered herein. Applying the accurately defined task-space nonsingular terminal sliding manifold as well as the Lyapunov stability theory, we offer a class of controllers based on the estimated, extended, transposed Jacobian matrix which also appear to be efficient in countering the unstructured disturbing forces/torques. The numerical calculations being carried out for a space manipulator that is composed of a spacecraft propelled by eight thrusters and a holonomic manipulator of three revolute kinematic pairs exemplify the performance of the recommended controller. Numeric comparison with other control algorithms, which are renowned in the literature, is made as well.
Analytical Prescribed Performance Guidance with Field-of-View and Impact-Angle Constraints
Authors: Li Haojian , Liu Yuanhe , Li Kebo , Liang Yan’gang
Published: December 2023

Aiming at the impact-angle-control guidance with field-of-view constraint in the three-dimensional space, a novel analytical prescribed performance guidance law is proposed. First, a new prescribed performance function is designed in the relative range domain, and the common drawbacks of most existing prescribed performance functions, such as large overshoot, time dependency, and infinite-time convergence, are avoided. Second, the three-dimensional biased pure proportional navigation guidance frame is selected. The biased term is derived based on the prescribed performance control theory and the optimal error dynamic method, for realizing the terminal impact-angle constraint. After that, the analytical solution of missile lead angle is derived under some linearization approximations, and two methods are respectively developed for obtaining the range of the guidance gain and updating its value to guarantee the satisfaction of the field-of-view constraint during the guidance process. Moreover, for the proposed guidance law and methods, the tracking error could be ensured to remain in the predefined performance boundaries. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the new theoretical findings.
Design-Variable Hypernetworks for Flowfield Emulation and Shape Optimization of Compressor Airfoils
Authors: Duvall James , Joly Michael , Duraisamy Karthik , Sarkar Soumalya
Published: December 2023

Deep-learning-based flow emulators are used to predict the flowfield around parametrically defined airfoils and then used in place of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solvers in design optimization. The flow emulators are based on a) decoder convolutional neural networks, which generate solution snapshots in the computational domain, and b) design-variable hypernetworks, which provide pointwise predictions in physical space. The flow emulators are used to predict parametric subsonic and transonic compressor flows in an industrial design use case with baseline geometry corresponding to the NASA rotor 37. Both methods are effective in representing unseen subsonic airfoil flowfields, with mean errors less than 1%. The hypernetwork-based method generalizes more effectively under transonic conditions and is used in place of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to drive shape optimization at varying rotor speeds. Under transonic conditions and at nominal speed, the emulator-driven optimization achieves the same optimal design as CFD in a reduced number of iterations at a fraction of the online computational cost while providing similarly performing designs at off-nominal conditions. It is remarked that once the emulator is trained once offline, it can be used online to conduct many different design optimizations, e.g., with different objective functions, constraints, and tradeoffs. These results establish the utility of design-variable hypernetworks as a viable emulation and optimization tool in practical industrial design.
Analysis of Geometric and Material Nonlinearity in the Column Bending Test
Authors: Harihara Sharma Ajay , Rose Thomas J. , Bearns Nicholas , Murphey Thomas W. , López Jiménez Francisco
Published: December 2023

The column bending test (CBT) is an experimental method to measure the moment–curvature behavior and failure curvature of high-strain composites (HSCs), designed to apply a relatively constant bending moment through a sample up to very high curvatures. In this paper, we first calculate the errors involved in the simplified geometric analysis used to model the CBT by considering two different effects: variations in the bending moment through the sample and nonlinearities in the material response of the fibers. The first effect, modeled using Euler’s elastica, results in a set of design guidelines for the test geometry (i.e., length of the grips and the specimens) in order to achieve moderate errors in moment and curvature predictions. The nonlinearity in the fiber behavior (tension stiffening and compression softening) does not have a strong effect on the curvature but produces significant variations in the bending stiffness of HSCs as well as the maximum strain observed in the fibers due to the shift in the neutral axis. This indicates that accounting for the nonlinear behavior of fibers is necessary in order to accurately predict the failure properties of HSCs under bending.
Computational Study on Air Film Approach in Reentry Blackout Mitigation
Authors: Miyashita Takashi , Takasawa Hideto , Takahashi Yusuke , Steffens Lars , Gülhan Ali
Published: December 2023

Communication blackouts during the atmospheric reentry phase are a significant challenge, as flight data are lost due to interruptions caused by plasma gas generated by aerodynamic heating. This study explores a novel mitigation method using an air film, a thin insulating coolant layer on the surface. The researchers successfully reduced the reentry blackout by employing a gas injection system. Through a coupled approach using computational fluid dynamics and a frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain method, the plasma flow properties and electromagnetic propagation were analyzed around a test model in a wind tunnel in DLR (German Aerospace Center). The numerical results indicated that the injected nitrogen gas formed an insulating air film layer on the surface. The thin layer advected backward, maintaining a low temperature without ionization, and covered the object in the wake region. The electromagnetic waves propagated and reached a distant area because the electron density was low. It means that the air film layer acted as a propagation window for the telecommunication waves. Thus, communication blackouts will be avoidable because electromagnetic waves can transmit through the air-film layer. It concluded that the air film effect, developed as a thermal protection technique, is a novel mitigation scheme for reentry blackouts.
Modeling Symmetric Coherent Mode Interactions in a Supersonic Rectangular Jet
Authors: Malczewski Benjamin J. , Mankbadi Reda R.
Published: December 2023

This work presents the use of a reduced-order model (ROM) to predict coherent structure modes and their interaction with one another in a supersonic rectangular jet. The ROM formulation is unique in that it utilizes an integral technique and models the energy exchange between harmonically related modes, which can give insight on how to excite the jet in an experiment or computation. This ROM is used in conjunction with a linearized Euler equation solver to obtain shape functions for various disturbance frequencies. Work is limited here to symmetric modes of the coherent structure, and hence the disturbance in the upper and lower shear layers is in phase. Nonlinear solutions are first obtained without mode–mode interactions, giving a most amplified Strouhal number of 0.15 based on the height of the jet, which is assumed to be the dominant noise source in the jet, referred to as the fundamental frequency. The fundamental’s interaction with either the subharmonic or harmonic is assessed based on their ability to reduce the fundamental. Adding the harmonic is found to be more effective at reducing the peak of the fundamental, and thus this is concluded to be possibly an effective mechanism for noise reduction.
Miedzioryt nagrobka Eufemii Raciborskiej
Authors: Kublin Grzegorz
Published: December 2023

Niedawno w Archiwum Polskiej Prowincji oo. Dominikanów w Krakowie odnaleziono fotografię miedziorytu przedstawiającego nagrobek księżniczki Eufemii (Ofki), przeoryszy klasztoru Dominikanek w Raciborzu, zmarłej w opinii świętości 17 stycznia 1359 r. Tenże nagrobek znajdował się w kaplicy św. Dominika w kościele raciborskich zakonnic przynajmniej od XVII w. Został on odrestaurowany w stylu barokowym w 1738 r. w związku z rozwijającym się kultem Ofki i podjęciem starań o jego zatwierdzenie oraz prowadzonymi pracami zmierzającymi do poszerzenia tejże kaplicy i nowej aranżacji jej wnętrza. Miedzioryt w latach 1738–1741 wykonał Georg Lichtensteger na podstawie rysunku Johanna Adama Schöpfa. Grobowiec Eufemii jest pełen symboli, które odwołują się do jej cnotliwego życia i mają uzasadnienie w jej życiorysie, który w 1606 r. napisał dominikanin Abraham Bzowski, a później kopiowało i modyfikowało wielu innych autorów.
A systematic review of the association between lead levels in hair and urine in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Sahu Suchanda , John Joseph , Nayak Saurav
Published: December 2023

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterised by inattentiveness, hyperkinetic behaviour, and impulsivity in childhood, leads to decreased academic performance and learning in general. Among the environmental factors, lead (Pb) in the environment is considered a crucial public health issue associated with ADHD. This study assessed the existing literature for the association of hair and urine lead levels with ADHD. The studies included in this systematic review were case-control observational and prevalence studies of a place or population. For hair Pb levels, out of 478 participants, 89 were ADHD cases and 389 controls showed a pooled effect of a standardised mean difference of 0.30 (0.03–0.57). The overall effect Z was 2.16, which was statistically significant (P = 0.03). For urine Pb levels, there were 196 ADHD cases and 423 healthy controls. The pooled effect of the standardised mean difference was 0.34 (0.13–0.56). The overall effect Z was 3.12, which was statistically significant (P = 0.002). Pb estimations can reduce the disease burden of ADHD by non-invasive methods such as in hair and urine, which have better acceptance by parents.
Effect of alcohol-dependence on cognitive performance in middle-aged men: Preliminary results
Authors: Ghai Pankhita , Magan Dipti , Aneja Jitender , Sharma Himanshu , Choudhary Aarthi
Published: December 2023

Objectives:

The understanding of the relationship between alcohol-related neuropathology, cognitive impairment, and various factors such as alcohol consumption, thiamine levels, and age vulnerability is still poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of alcohol dependence on cognitive performance in middle-aged men with psycho-biochemical evidence.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional pilot study with a comparison group including 82 right-handed participants with and without alcohol dependence (n = 41 each). Alcohol dependence was diagnosed clinically by the International Classification of Disease Tenth Edition along with the use of alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) and cognitive screening tests, that is, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The serum levels of thiamine (Vitamin B1) were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

The MoCA scores, MMSE scores, and serum thiamine levels were significantly low for alcohol-dependent men (1509.43 ± 898.63 pmol/L) versus non-alcohol-dependent men (1862.81 ± 741.30 pmol/L; P = 0.021). The cognitive sub-domains including orientation, execution, calculation, visuoconstructional skills, and recall functions were also significantly (P < 0.05) affected for the alcohol-dependent patients when compared to non-alcohol-dependent men. Serum thiamine levels showed a positive (P < 0.05) correlation with MoCA scores whereas serum thiamine levels showed a significant (P < 0.05) negative correlation with AUDIT scores.

Conclusion:

Based on the significant positive association between serum thiamine levels with MoCA scores; therefore, both may be used as a screening tool for the early detection of cognitive impairment in patients with alcohol dependence.
Short term antibiotic effects on gut microbiome in Indian preschoolers: A 16S rRNA analysis
Authors: Neha  , Bavdekar Ashish , Kawade Anand , Veligandla Krishna Chaitanya , Joshi Devesh Kumar , Rathod Rahul , Kotak Bhavesh
Published: December 2023

Objectives:

Antibiotic use is associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of antibiotics on gut composition in children aged 3–5 years receiving antibiotics compared to children who did not receive antibiotics.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 54 participants aged 3–5 years were included in this multi-centric cohort study. Participants were divided into two equal groups, that is the treatment-experienced group (Group 1, n = 27, antibiotic) and the treatment-not-experienced group (Group 2, n = 27, non-antibiotic). Stool samples of study participants were collected on days 0 and 5 (± 1 day) and analyzed using 16Svedberg ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) gene sequencing.

Statistical Analysis:

The Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Benjamini-Hochberg FDR correction were applied to determine the differentially abundant pathways across the zones using Statistical Analysis of Metagenomic Profiles (STAMP) (v2.1.3).

Results:

A non-significant increase in the mean abundance of the Phyla Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobiota was observed in both groups from day 0 to day 5. An alteration in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was observed. A significant (P < 0.05) abundance of genus Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae was observed in the participants with antibiotic treatment. The relative abundance of families Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Sellimonas, Ruminococcus, Torques, and Eggerthella groups was observed to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) in participants with antibiotic treatment. Beta-diversity indices revealed significant differences at group and subgroup levels regarding the bacterial counts.

Conclusions:

It was observed that a short-term course of 5 days of antibiotic usage is associated with altered microbial abundance and diversity.
İntörn Hekimlerin Tıbbi Başarı Öz Yeterlik İnançlarının ve Hekimlik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: TAT Ayşe Nur , BORLU Arda
Published: December 2023

Amaç: Türkiye’de insanlığa faydalı olma, iş garantisi, yüksek gelir ve sosyal statü gibi düşüncelerle üniversite sınavında en çok tercih edilen meslek olan hekimlik aynı zamanda yoğun çalışma temposu, sürekli kendini yenileme ve ağır sorumluluklar almayı da gerektiren zor bir meslektir. Öğrenciler aldıkları uzun ve yoğun eğitim süresince, mesleğin çalışma şartlarını daha iyi tanımakta ve hekimlik mesleğine yönelik tutumları olumsuzlaşabilmektedir. Çalışmada tıp fakültesi son sınıf öğrencilerinin, tıbbi başarı öz-yeterlik inançları ile hekimlik mesleğine yönelik tutumları ve ilişkili faktörlerin incelemesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu çalışmanın evrenini, Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesinde öğrenim gören tüm son sınıf öğrencileri (n=279) oluşturmaktadır, çalışma 273 öğrenciyle tamamlanmıştır. Çalışmada veriler Hekimlik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği (HMYTÖ), Tıbbi Başarı Öz yeterlik Ölçeği (TBÖYÖ) ve öğrencilerin sosyo-demografik özelliklerine ilişkin sorulardan oluşan anket formu ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis Testi ve Spearman Kolerasyon Analizi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: HMYTÖ puan ortancası 88 iken TBÖYÖ puan ortancası 62 olarak belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin tıp fakültesi akademik başarı puanları ile HMYTÖ ve TBÖYÖ puanları arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunmazken; HMYTÖ puanları ile TBÖYÖ puanları arasında orta düzeyde pozitif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Kadınların, tıp fakültesini 1. sırada tercih edenlerin, tıp fakültesini tercih nedenini hayalindeki meslek olarak tanımlayanların, mezuniyet sonrası akademisyen-uzman hekim olarak çalışmak isteyenlerin HMYTÖ puan ortalamaları daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Annesi üniversite mezunu olanların ve mezuniyet sonrası kariyer planı olarak akademisyen-uzman hekim olarak çalışmayı düşünenlerin TBÖYÖ puan ortalamaları daha yüksek bulunmuştur
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda; öğrencilerde mesleğe yönelik tutum olumlu hale geldikçe, mesleki öz yeterlik inancının da arttığı, akademik başarı puanının ise hem meslek tutumu hem de mesleki öz yeterlik inancı ile ilişkili olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Meslek tutumu, mesleki öz yeterlilik ve akademik başarı arasındaki ilişkinin nedensellik boyutunun daha iyi anlaşılması için ileri çalışmalara gereksinim vardır.
How Close Are Interprofessional Debriefers to Meet the INACSL Standards of Debriefing Practices? A Qualitative Study
Authors: ÖZATA Kevser , CAZ Büşra , SARMASOĞLU KILIKÇIER Şenay
Published: December 2023

Aim: This study aims to determine whether the debriefings performed by different health professions for nearly a decade meet the INACSL standards of best debriefing practices.
Methods: In order for learning to occur in simulation, there must be a adequate debriefing session. An adequate debriefing should be based on the criteria described in the standards of best practices published by the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning (INACSL). A high quality, adequate, and effective debriefing must be carried out in accordance with each standard.
Results: Most of the debriefers are female. Over half had two years or less experience with simulation, and a quarter had training in simulation or debriefing. The results are presented in five contexts (Competent Debriefer, Environment, Effective Debriefing, Theoretical Framework, and Objectives and Outcomes.), which conform to the four standards covered by the INACSL standards of best practices.
Conclusions: Except for the feedback, the debriefings do not meet the INACSL standards of best practices. However, the debriefers are aware of the importance of debriefing and are willing to improve their skills. Most of the debriefers have learned debriefing from observation or the literature. With this study, it was ensured that debriefers gained awareness in terms of INACSL standards. At the same time, this study will also provide awareness about the standards for the literature.
Psychometric Analysis of the First Turkish Multiple-Choice Questions Generated Using Automatic Item Generation Method in Medical Education
Authors: KIYAK Yavuz Selim , COŞKUN Özlem , BUDAKOĞLU Işıl İrem , ULUOĞLU Canan
Published: December 2023

Aim: Automatic item generation is "a process of using models to generate items using computer technology". The use of automatic item generation typically involves one of three primary methods: syntax-based, semantic-based, and template-based. Non-template automatic item generation approaches leverage natural language processing techniques. A study showed the potential of using template-based automatic item generation to create high-quality multiple-choice questions for assessing clinical reasoning in Turkish, marking a first in the field. However, the findings of the study were based only on expert opinions, necessitating further research to examine the psychometric qualities of Turkish items. The aim of this study was to reveal psychometric characteristics of the first Turkish case-based multiple-choice questions generated by using automatic item generation in medical education.
Methods: This was a psychometric study. Three Turkish case-based multiple-choice questions generated using template-based automatic item generation on essential hypertension were included in an exam that 281 fourth-year medical students participate in. This examination was carried out in-person in classroom settings under proctor supervision. Item difficulty and item discrimination (point-biserial correlation) were calculated, and non-functioning distractors were determined.
Results: All three items had acceptable levels (higher than 0.20) of point-biserial correlation (p<0.001). The item difficulty levels indicated the presence of one easy, one moderate, and one difficult question. Each item had 2-3 non-functioning options among five options. All three items had acceptable levels (higher than 0.20) of point-biserial correlation (p<0.001). The item difficulty levels indicated the presence of one easy, one moderate, and one difficult question. Each item had 2-3 non-functioning options among five options.
Conclusions: The results indicated that the items successfully discriminate between high and low performers, providing validity evidence on the quality of the questions in evaluating students' comprehension of the subject. Additionally, the findings suggest that it is feasible to create multiple-choice questions with different difficulty levels in Turkish using a single automatic item generation model. This study demonstrated for the first time that automatic generation of case-based multiple-choice questions in Turkish produces acceptable psychometric characteristics in an authentic assessment setting in medical education. The ability to automatically generate effective multiple-choice questions in Turkish holds promise for enhancing the efficiency of written assessment in Turkish medical education.
PERANAN DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH PROVINSI RIAU DALAM FORMULASI KEBIJAKAN DI PROVINSI RIAU TAHUN 2015
Authors: Monalisa Monalisa , Ibad Irsyadul
Published: December 2023

The role of the Riau Provincial People's Legislative Council in the Formulation of Policies in Riau Province is the role undertaken by the Riau Provincial DPRD in the Formation of Riau Provincial Regulations covering Stages of Planning, Drafting and Discussion referring to applicable normative rules, including: Law Number 12 Year 2011 Concerning the Establishment of Laws and Regulations, Law Number 23 Year 2014 concerning Regional Government, as well as Riau Province People's Legislative Decree Number 30 of 2014 on the Procedures of the Provincial People's Representative Council of Riau Province. The object of this research is the draft of Local Regulation on Ulayat Land and Its Utilization. Policy formulation is an integral part of the process of Establishment of Regional Regulation because it involves the process of collecting and articulating the Interest, the process of policy discussion in the DPRD Riau Province, and finally gave birth to a policy product in the form of Local Regulation. The results of the study authors is that the normative, the role of Riau Provincial DPRD in the formulation of local regulations running quite well, because it has followed the mechanisms and procedures that apply. However, in terms of policy formulation, the authors see that the policy output, in this case the Regional Regulation on Ulayat Land and Its Utilization has not been implemented because policy input, in the form of Academic Paper is not so profound, so it has not got a rigid picture about the existence of Ulayat Land and Society Customary Law whose existence still exists and is recognized to date, and at the discussion stage is also less involving public participation actively and deeply, so that the material substance regulated in the Regional Regulation can not be implemented until now.
STRUKTUR LEGITIMASI DALAM MASYARAKAT INDONESIA (Studi Pengukuhan Kembali Kerajaan Gunung Sahilan Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau)
Authors: Mulianto Budi , Fikri Rijalul
Published: December 2023

Democratization in Indonesia provides an opportunity for the community to maintain and preserve the values, norms and beliefs of ancestors that are manifested in the cultural traditions and customs. Then to strengthen the tradition makes the existence of traditional institutions as a form of legitimacy and community identity. The existence of the Gunung Sahilan Kingdom that has experienced a leadership vacuum for a long time, raises questions, approximating what then makes Raja Gunung Sahilan re-established in the Gunung Sahilan Kingdom, traditional authority can be clearly seen from the royal structure that can be said to be not elite centric. The Kingdom of Mount Sahilan adopted a system of functional assignment within its government. The kingdom in the Kingdom of Gunung Sahilan as a symbol and symbol of the greatness of the institution. In the structure of the Kingdom of Gunung Sahilan Raja itself as the highest government that controls custom (government) and worship. Sahilan is "Tengku Yang Dipertuan Besar" and for the King of Worship "Tengku Yang Dipertuan Sati". Government affairs in the sense that the executive is controlled by an institution called the Khalifah Density which has four homecoming with Dt. The great Caliph Van Kampar left. The position of these caliphs in the Kingdom of Gunung Sahilan is as a Ministerial Assembly (Ministry) where the function is divided according to certain parts. The rise of the Kingdom of Gunung Sahilan has become a basis for legitimacy to preserve and preserve traditional values by re-integrating the density of adat throughout the Kampar Kiri. Later, by re-existing the Gunung Sahilan Kingdom is inseparable from the legitimacy structure that is already formed and takes root in authority traditional authority. The existence of this traditional institution is a reinforcement of the community structure within the framework of the democratization of the Republic of Indonesia, because in addition to its existence as a local identity that is maintained, it is also a special feature for democracy in Indonesia.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP PENANGGULANGAN HIV DAN AIDS DI KECAMATAN MARITENGNGAE KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG
Authors: A. Abdul Jabbar , Barisan Barisan
Published: December 2023

This study aims to describe the process of implementing HIV and AIDS policies that have been carried out by the Sidenreng Rappang District government, especially in the District of Maritengngae and to illustrate the effect of implementing policies on HIV and AIDS prevention by using several indicators to measure policy implementation, namely policy determination indicators, implementers, targets, environment and process determination indicators. This study uses descriptive quantitative methods. The sampling technique is purposive sampling, using the Yamane formula. Data collection methods used through observation, questionnaire (questionnaire) and library techniques. The data analysis technique is that the collected data is carried out with a simple regression analysis with the help of SPSS 21 for Windows. The results of the analysis are descriptive statistics, data quality test, classic assumption test, Simple regression analysis and hypothesis testing. The results showed that, in the policy implementation variable, each indicator received a percentage value, that is, the policy determination indicators were in the category of 31.2%, the indicators of implementing provisions were in the category of ever or percentage of 29.8%, indicators of determination the target is in the ever category or a percentage of 35.8% and the environmental assessment indicator is in the ever category or a percentage of 31.5%, the indicator of process determination is in the ever category or percentage of 38.2%. On the variables of HIV and AIDS prevention, prevention efforts are in the ever category with a percentage of 39%, the handling efforts are in the ever category with a percentage of 28.4% and rehabilitation efforts in the ever category with a percentage of 25.6%. The implementation of Government Policy has an effect on HIV and AIDS in Maritengngae Sub-District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, amounting to 50.2% and Implementation of Government Policy on HIV and AIDS Prevention in Maritengngae Sub-District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency is in a fairly good category.
EVALUASI PELAYANAN PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM (PDAM) BENGKALIS KABUPATEN BENGKALIS
Authors: Juliana Septa
Published: December 2023

This study aims to find out the service of Bengkalis PDAM Bengkalis Regency and to know the obstacles and service solutions Bengkalis District of Bengkalis. Data analysis in this research is by using quantitative method with descriptive analysis technique that describes and summarizes as condition of variable situation that exist in this research object. Based on the data discussed in the previous chapter, Bengkalis PDAM Service Evaluation uses tangible indicators, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy (empathy) can be seen that the services provided has been running well, it's just in terms of empathy (empathy) customers feel the PDAM is not concerned with the service expected by the customer, because there is still complaints from customers about the clean water service provided is about the quality of the water. Meanwhile, things that can hamper the service of PDAM include: 1) Season factor, in this case in the dry season. At that time PDAM is very difficult to find water source. 2) PDAM water pipe factor that is old, old pipe can reduce water quality. 3) Factors from outside the organization, in this case PLN also affect the service, PLN will impede the service if the power goes out. 4) Factor of the customer, if there are customers who are delinquent the payment of water.
IMPLEMENTASI KEWENANGAN DESA BERDASARKAN HAK ASAL USUL DALAM PELESTARIAN ADAT DI DESA GUNUNG SAHILAN KECAMATAN GUNUNG SAHILAN KABUPATEN KAMPAR
Authors: Novita Sari Daulay
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Kewenangan Desa Berdasarkan Hak Asal Usul terdapat pada Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa dimana pelaksanaan kewenangan desa berdasarkan hak asal usul diatur dan diurus oleh desa. Dimana sekarang ini pelestarian adat pernikahan sudah mulai tidak dilaksanakan atau dijalankan oleh masyarakat Desa Gunung Sahilan. Dimana disini dilihat Implementasi Kewenangan Desa Berdasarkan Hak Asal Usul Dalam Pelestarian Adat di Desa Gunung Sahilan yang terdapat pada Peraturan Desa Gunung Sahikan Nomor 4 Tahun 2018 Tentang Kewenangan Desa Berdasarkan Hak Asal Usul dan Kewenangan Lokal Berskala Desa pada bagian Pemberdayaan Mayarakat yaitu Pelestarian Adat di Desa seperti berkumpul dalam acara pernikahan. Dengan Teknik Pengumpulan data dengan melakukan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif dan dengan menggunakan teori Edward III dengan 3 indikator yaitu komunikasi, sumber daya, dan struktur organisasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Implementasi Kewenangan Desa Berdasarkan Hak Asal Usul Dalam Pelestarian Adat di Desa Gunung Sahilan Kecamatan Gunung Sahilan Kabupaten Kampar pelaksanaannya belum berjalan dengan baik. Dimana Pemerintah Desa belum melaksanakan pelestarian adat di Desa Gunung Sahilan. Serta desa tidak membuat regulasi untuk memaksimalkan kewenangan desa  karena belum adanya kebijakan atau kegiatan-kegiatan yang bertujuan pada Pelestarian Adat yang tertuang pada APBDes  maupun Peraturan Desa.
Effect of Monetary Indicators on Agricultural Prices: Evidence from Turkiye
Authors: ÇINAR Gökhan
Published: December 2023

This study sought to reveal the effects of Turkish Lira and US dollar exchange rate (EXR), money supply (M2) on agricultural commodity producers’ prices. The direction and the size of the relationship among the data was estimated using VECM Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results reveal that the causality runs from M2 to agricultural price (AP) in the short run, but not from AP to M2. In the long run the effect of EXR is more than M2. The coefficient of error correction term in the agricultural price equation is 0.0726 and is statistically significant at 1%. Referring to it, all of the system instability can be adjusted approximately in 14 months. This research shows that the exchange rate (EXR) and money supply (M2) have important long-run effects on agricultural prices (AP). In order to control agricultural prices, it is necessary to follow these macro variables closely.
Estimasi Arus Laut Permukaan Yang Dibangkitkan Oleh Angin Di Perairan Indonesia
Authors: Octavia Yollanda Pratama , Jumarang Muhammad Ishak , Apriansyah Apriansyah
Published: December 2023

Penelitian mengenai kondisi arus laut permukaan di perairan Indonesia telah dilakukan. Perhitungan arus laut permukaan menggunakan data kecepatan angin tahun 2013 s.d. 2015 yang diproses dengan menggunakan software surfer dengan menganalisis kecepatan arus laut permukaan selama empat musim. Nilai kecepatan arus laut permukaan rata-rata musiman tertinggi terjadi pada musim timur sebesar 0,19 m/s terjadi di Laut Halmahera dan Laut Arafuru. Nilai kecepatan arus laut permukaan rata-rata musiman terendah terjadi pada musim peralihan I dengan nilai 0,05 m/s terjadi di Selat Makasar. Verifikasi penelitian membandingkan  data spasial kecepatan angin dan kecepatan arus laut permukaan dari Badan Meteorologi dan Klimatologi Geofisika(BMKG) dengan data hasil penelitian. Kata Kunci: Arus laut permukaan, Software Surfer
Karakterisasi Iklim Kalimantan Barat Menggunakan Metode Eksponen Hurst dan Indeks Prediktabilitas Iklim
Authors: Andriyani Ririn , Sampurno Joko , Sanubary Iklas
Published: December 2023

Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan mengaplikasikan metode eksponen Hurst dan indeks prediktabilitas iklim untuk mengkarakterisasi iklim Kalimantan Barat. Karakterisasi ini diperlukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik iklim yang telah terjadi sebelumnya dan mengetahui besar potensi tiap unsur iklim untuk dapat diprediksi. Data penelitian yang digunakan adalah data runtun waktu dari unsur-unsur utama iklim, yaitu suhu udara, kecepatan angin, tekanan udara, kelembaban udara, dan curah hujan pada 5 wilayah Kabupaten di Kalimantan Barat. Metode eksponen Hurst dilakukan dengan analisis skala perbandingan nilai (R/S). Indeks prediktabilitas tiap unsur iklim diperoleh melalui hubungannya dengan dimensi fraktal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai eksponen Hurst seluruh unsur iklim berada pada rentang 0,590 ≤ H ≤ 0,884,  sedangkan indeks prediktabilitas berada pada rentang 0,180 ≤ P ≤ 0,768. Nilai eksponen Hurst tersebut menunjukkan bahwa secara umum dinamika unsur iklim di lokasi yang dikaji berperilaku persistence. Berdasarkan indeks prediktabitas yang diperoleh dapat diketahui ada beberapa unsur iklim yang sulit untuk diprediksi. Beberapa unsur iklim tersebut adalah suhu udara di Kabupaten Sambas, kecepatan angin dan kelembaban udara di Kabupaten Ketapang, serta curah hujan di seluruh kabupaten yang dikaji.Kata Kunci : Iklim, Eksponen Hurst, Dimensi Fraktal, Indeks Prediktabilitas Iklim
Aplikasi Metode Fraktal untuk Karakterisasi Struktur Mikroskopik Karbon Aktif Limbah Tandan Sawit Teraktivasi NaOH
Authors: Evelin Luluk Surya , Faryuni Irfana Diah , Sampurno Joko
Published: December 2023

Telah dilakukan karakterisasi karbon aktif dari limbah tandan sawit teraktivasi larutan NaOH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa struktur mikroskopik khususnya pola distribusi pori pada karbon aktif dengan menggunakan metode fraktal. Karbon aktif disintesis melalui tahapan karbonisasi pada suhu 400°C selama 1 jam, kemudian diaktivasi secara kimia dengan perendaman arang dalam variasi larutan NaOH sebesar 0,125 M, 0,25 M, 0,5 M, 1 M dan 2 M selama 24 jam. Proses selanjutnya karbon diaktivasi secara fisika dengan pemanasan pada suhu 600°C. Karbon aktif selanjutnya dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Citra SEM karbon aktif limbah tandan sawit kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis fraktal berdasarkan metode box-counting. Hasil pengolahan citra menunjukkan bahwa penambahan konsentrasi aktivator NaOH menyebabkan pola distribusi pori menjadi tidak teratur. Hal ini diperlihatkan oleh peningkatan nilai dimensi fraktal seiring meningkatnya nilai konsentrasi aktivator. Kedua parameter ini berkorelasi positif dengan tingkat korelasi kuat hingga sangat kuat (62,56% hingga 96,23%). Kata Kunci : fraktal, metode box-counting, karbon aktif, tandan kelapa sawit
Estimasi Intensitas Radiasi Matahari di Wilayah Kota Makassar
Authors: Octavianti Angelia , Muliadi Muliadi , Apriansyah Apriansyah
Published: December 2023

Intensitas radiasi matahari sebagai salah satu parameter dari cuaca dan iklim dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode regresi non linier. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar potensi intensitas radiasi matahari sehingga bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai energi terbaharukan. Data yang digunakan yaitu data intensitas radiasi matahari dari Automatic Weather Station (AWS) dari Januari 2012 s.d Desember 2015. Data intensitas radiasi matahari dianalisis dengan 3 metode regresi non linier yaitu metode exponential, metode logarithmic, dan metode power. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa metode exponential memberikan nilai error yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dua metode lainnya. Nilai error yang diperoleh berkisar antara 0,06% s.d 100%.
Identifikasi Struktur Bawah Permukaan Daerah Potensi Panas Bumi Pada Lembar Kota Agung Menggunakan Data Global Gravity Model Plus (GGMplus)
Authors: Putra Nurdin Satria , Arman Yudha , Zulfian Zulfian
Published: December 2023

Tersedianya informasi gravitasi di daerah Lembar Kota Agung pada kawasan yang memiliki potensi panas bumi memberikan peluang dilakukan pemodelan struktur bawah permukaan. Memanfaatkan data anomali percepatan gravitasi yang diperoleh dari Global Gravity Model plus (GGMplus) dengan spasi antar titik sejauh 220 m. Hasil penafsiran data gravitasi berupa Anoamli Bougeur Lengkap (ABL) pada  daerah Lembar Kota Agung menunjukkan bahwa nilai anomali daerah ini dikelompokkan menjadi dua bagian, yaitu kelompok dengan nilai rendah dan nilai tinggi, yang masing-masing menggambarkan daerah busur vulkanik dan daerah lembah. Model gravitasi berbasis perhitungan dengan pemilihan nilai rapat massa dan geologi bawah permukaan menunjukkan bahwa struktur lapisan bawah permukaan di kawasan potensi panas bumi daerah Lembar Kota Agung berupa batuan pasir, batuan lempung, batuan andesit, batuan granit, dan untuk batuan breksi tersusun atas mineral penyusun berupa kuarsa dengan nilai densitas berkisar antara  2,314 g/cm3 hingga 2,782 g/cm3.Kata Kunci : Anomali Bougeur, GGMplus, Potensi Panas BumiTersedianya informasi gravitasi di daerah Lembar Kota Agung pada kawasan yang memiliki potensi panas bumi memberikan peluang dilakukan pemodelan struktur bawah permukaan. Memanfaatkan data anomali percepatan gravitasi yang diperoleh dari Global Gravity Model plus (GGMplus) dengan spasi antar titik sejauh 220 m. Hasil penafsiran data gravitasi berupa Anoamli Bougeur Lengkap (ABL) pada  daerah Lembar Kota Agung menunjukkan bahwa nilai anomali daerah ini dikelompokkan menjadi dua bagian, yaitu kelompok dengan nilai rendah dan nilai tinggi, yang masing-masing menggambarkan daerah busur vulkanik dan daerah lembah. Model gravitasi berbasis perhitungan dengan pemilihan nilai rapat massa dan geologi bawah permukaan menunjukkan bahwa struktur lapisan bawah permukaan di kawasan potensi panas bumi daerah Lembar Kota Agung berupa batuan pasir, batuan lempung, batuan andesit, batuan granit, dan untuk batuan breksi tersusun atas mineral penyusun berupa kuarsa dengan nilai densitas berkisar antara  2,314 g/cm3 hingga 2,782 g/cm3.Kata Kunci : Anomali Bougeur, GGMplus, Potensi Panas Bumi