bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spray and forced coagulation mode endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric neoplasms: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Esaki Mitsuru , Sumida Yorinobu , Maehara Kosuke , Yamaguchi Daisuke , Nishioka Kei , Homma Hitoshi , Inada Taisuke , Shiotsuki Kazuo , Fukuda Shin-Ichiro , Akiho Hirotada , Nomura Tadahiro , Mizuta Yumi , Ishida Satoshi , Fujimoto Shun , Kimura Shunichiro , Tanaka Yuichiro , Hata Kaori , Shiga Noriko , Iwasa Tsutomu , Kimura Yusuke , Nakamura Norimoto , Suzuki Yusuke , Minoda Yosuke , Bai Xiaopeng , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Hata Yoshitaka , Ogino Haruei , Chinen Takatoshi , Ihara Eikichi , Tagawa Koshiro , Ogawa Yoshihiro
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

Controlling intraoperative bleeding during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is essential to ensure the safety and reliability of the procedure. ESD in spray coagulation mode (SCM-ESD) is expected to ensure more effective bleeding control. This study aimed to investigate the superiority of SCM-ESD over conventional forced coagulation mode ESD (FCM-ESD) in terms of hemostatic ability for treating early gastric neoplasms (EGNs).

Methods:

This multicenter randomized controlled trial (Spray-G Trial) was conducted at five Japanese institutions. Patients with intramucosal EGNs were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the SCM-ESD or FCM-ESD group. The primary outcome was ESD completion with an electrosurgical knife alone, that is, without the use of hemostatic forceps. The number and duration of hemostatic procedures using hemostatic forceps, procedure time, curability, and adverse events were also evaluated.

Results:

Each group included 65 patients. The rate of ESD completion without using hemostatic forceps was significantly higher for SCM-ESD than for FCM-ESD (83.1% vs. 13.8%, p<0.0001). SCM-ESD and FCM-ESD did not differ significantly in terms of procedure time (48.3 min vs. 56.0 min, p=0.1071), R0 resection (100% vs. 95.4%, p=0.2442), and rate of adverse events (3.1% vs. 6.2%, p=0.6801).

Conclusions:

SCM-ESD significantly improved ESD completion rates for intramucosal EGNs without using hemostatic forceps. SCM-ESD is a promising technique that may streamline ESD by eliminating the need to exchange devices and reducing costs. (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, Numbers: UMIN000047353)
Review of assessing the impact of climate change on tank irrigation: vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies
Authors: Rithika S , Malaisamy A , Raswanthkrishna M , Parimalarangan R , Balaji R , Prabakaran K
Published: February 2025

Tank irrigation systems, crucial for global food security, face significant threats from climate change, including rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and increased extreme weather events that impact water availability, compromising ecosystem conservation and agricultural productivity. This review article examines key strategies to enhance resilience in tank irrigation systems to address these challenges, ensuring sustainable development. In addition to bringing climate change impacts to urban communities, this survey raises one–of–a–kind difficulties, looking like mountains in which extreme slopes and precipitation designs intensify soil disintegration and make it difficult for water to be watered down. Strategies that work include using contour bunds, terracing, and checking dams to reduce runoff and retain more water. Vegetative barriers and afforestation improve slope stability, percolation pits and infiltration trenches increase groundwater recharge. By integrating these techniques, soil quality can be maintained and water availability can be resilient in urban and mountainous zones. Despite these strategies, challenges persist, including insufficient funding, limited institutional capacity, and inadequate climate information. Water quality becomes affected, and climate change becomes a big bane, like when the pH goes down due to acid rain in tank irrigation systems, which impacts soil health and crop productivity. These hazards are countered by lime treatment for acidity neutralization, buffer zone strategies facilitated with vegetative barriers to act as pollutants filters, and afforestation to reduce sulfur and nitrogen emissions. Furthermore, developing climate-resilient infrastructure, encouraging water-saving technologies such as precision irrigation, and enhancing climate information services for farmers are also required to address knowledge gaps. Sustainable tank irrigation systems need stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers to collaborate to ensure food security and environmental resilience.
Integrated disease management strategies for sustainable tomato cultivation in bacterial wilt-endemic region of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sheneka R , Angappan K , Karthikeyan M , Thiribhuvanamala G , Karthikeyan S , Kumar K K
Published: February 2025

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a major threat for tomato farmers, especially in tropical areas. This study investigates the prevalence and management of bacterial wilt disease in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, over three growing seasons (2020–2023). The survey found the disease occurrence in Kinathukadavu, Madukarai and other blocks with severe incidence during the Rabi season. An Integrated Disease Management (IDM) approach, incorporating soil amendment, soil application of Bacillus subtilis, intercropping marigold and seedling root dipping of streptocycline and drenching with copper-based fungicides, was evaluated in field trials over three consecutive years. IDM treatment (T6) consistently resulted in the lowest disease incidence, ranging from 2.67 to 4.47 % and the highest yield (394.50-404.63 q/ha) and Benefit: Cost (B: C) ratio (3.91-3.63) over the study period, demonstrating its cost-effectiveness compared to other treatments. A strong negative correlation between wilt incidence and yield was observed, with IDM T6 yielding the best results. These findings suggest that Integrated Disease Management (IDM) is an effective and sustainable approach for managing bacterial wilt disease and improving tomato yield in affected regions.
Acute night shift work is associated with increased blood pressure and reduced sleep duration in healthy adults
Authors: Seward Sophie L. , Kishman Erin E. , Rynders Corey A. , Broussard Josiane L.
Published: February 2025

Shift workers have a 40% higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to people who work day shifts. However, the acute impact of shift work on CVD risk factors in free‐living settings remains unclear. We therefore investigated the impact of acute night shift work on factors related to cardiovascular health including blood pressure (BP) and sleep duration. Twenty‐four rotating shift workers (19F, 23 ± 4 y, BMI: 23 ± 3 kg/m2; mean ± SD) participated in a quasi‐randomized crossover study. Assessments were conducted over the course of 1 day shift and one night shift in a free‐living setting. BP was measured every 30 min by an ambulatory monitor. Sleep and wake times were recorded. Mixed effects models were conducted to examine changes in variables between conditions. Acute night shift work was associated with significantly higher 24 h systolic (107 ± 1 vs. 104 ± 1 mmHg; p < 0.0001) and diastolic (67 ± 1 vs. 64 ± 1 mmHg; p < 0.0001) BP, as well as blunted dipping patterns in systolic BP (8 ± 1 vs. 12 ± 1%; p = 0.032), as compared to day shift work. Sleep duration was significantly shorter during the night shift as compared to the day shift (4 h 04 ± 19 min vs. 8 h 22 ± 18 min; p < 0.0001). As little as one night of shift work in a free‐living setting is sufficient to induce multiple CVD risk factors including increased BP and reduced sleep duration in healthy adults. It is critical to identify strategies to prevent or attenuate the negative impact of shift work on CVD risk in a large portion of the working population.
Use of nondestructive test methods to determine the thickness and compressive strength of unilaterally accessible concrete components of building
Authors: Gorzelańczyk Tomasz , Schabowicz Krzysztof
Published: February 2025

This study presents tests for determining the thickness and compressive strength of unilaterally accessible concrete components of a building, which in this case is a cable-supported building (referred to as Trzonolinowiec) located in Wroclaw, Poland. Nondestructive test methods, the ultrasonic tomography method and the sclerometric method, were used for the tests. The thickness of the unilaterally accessible core of the building was determined using the ultrasonic tomography method. An analysis of the images obtained in this way showed that the thickness of the core’s concrete wall varies along the height of the building. The largest core wall thickness, amounting to 350–400 mm, was detected at a height between the ground floor and the first floor. At a height between the first floor and the second floor, the wall thickness amounts to 280–300 m. For the next floors, wall thickness ranges from 140 to 200 mm. It should be noted that the specified thicknesses of the core wall clearly decrease with the height of the building. On the last floor, the lowest ones were specified, in the range of 140–160 mm. The ultrasonic tomography method was found to be highly useful for determining the thickness of unilaterally accessible concrete members. The sclerometric tests carried out on the concrete walls of the building’s core clearly showed a slight variation in the compressive strength of the concrete. In most of the measuring points, the concrete was found to be a class of C12/15. In a few places the concrete was found to be a class of C16/20. The results of the nondestructive testing were used to build a BIM model of the Trzonolinowiec building and for structural calculations. The test results turned out to be very interesting and of critical importance for the further use of this building. The research conducted by the authors showed that the selected non-destructive methods proved useful for assessing the strength of concrete and the thickness of the concrete wall of the core. Based on the obtained results, it was possible to model the thickness of the core using BIM and then perform structural and strength analyses. The obtained results should be assessed in the category of input data that can be used in later analyses. In this aspect, it can be considered a small contribution to the progress in the use of non-destructive testing in future modeling applications.
Performance, characterization, and application of synthesized pervaporation membranes for desalination using response surface methodology
Authors: Ramteke Pradeep Kumar , Rathod Ajit P.
Published: February 2025

Desalination is a crucial process in addressing the global water scarcity crisis. Among the various techniques available, pervaporation has emerged as a promising method due to its energy efficiency and high separation performance. The purpose of this research was to create a polyethersulfone (PES) membranes with high permeability and enhanced hydrophilicity. The membranes for pervaporation (PV) desalination were prepared using the phase inversion technique. PES membranes were fabricated from different concentrations while maintaining constant preparation conditions. These membranes were characterized using Zeta potential analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (X-ray), atomic force microscope (AFM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A permeate flux of 0.05 L/m2 h and rejection percentage of 91 % were observed using PES 8 membrane from feed concentration 7,090 ppm. Reusability of PES membranes were tested our three cycles for desalination. The model equation was derived for salt rejection using the Box-Behnken model of response surface methodology (RSM). However, the experimental study revealed that the model suited the data perfectly. This study highlights the excellent potential of these PES membranes for treating salt solutions.
Delayed graft function after renal transplantation
Authors: Skaudickas Darijus , Lenčiauskas Povilas , Skaudickas Augustas , Bura Andrejus
Published: February 2025

Background information

Delayed graft function (DGF), defined as the need for dialysis within the first week of a kidney transplant, is a common complication, particularly in extended criteria donor transplants, where its incidence ranges from 21 to 31%.

Objectives

We observed a prolonged case of DGF in a 47-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) resulting from diabetic nephropathy. The patient, classified in a moderate immunologic mismatch group, received a marginal deceased donor kidney.

Results

For the first 4 weeks post-transplantation, graft function was impaired. After 29 days of anuria, the transplanted kidney began to recover. The literature review found few clinical cases of DGF extending beyond 1 month. Our patient had several risk factors for DGF, including diabetes mellitus, pre-transplant hemodialysis, and moderate immunologic mismatch. Additionally, the marginal graft increased the risk of ischemia-reperfusion injury and glycocalyx damage. However, it remains unclear how these factors influenced the duration of DGF. The exact cause of the extended DGF in this case remains unknown. Although the literature identifies key risk factors for DGF, data on factors leading to prolonged kidney dysfunction are lacking. Therefore, decisions to remove a non-functioning transplanted kidney should not be made hastily.
Multimodal Purcell enhancement and optical coherence of Eu3+ ions in a single nanoparticle coupled to a microcavity
Authors: Eichhorn Timon , Jobbitt Nicholas , Bieling Sören , Liu Shuping , Krom Tobias , Serrano Diana , Huber Robert , Lemmer Ulrich , de Riedmatten Hugues , Goldner Philippe , Hunger David
Published: February 2025

Europium-doped nanocrystals constitute a promising material for a scalable future quantum computing platform. Long-lived nuclear spin states could serve as qubits addressed via coherent optical transitions. In order to realize an efficient spin-photon interface, we couple the emission from a single nanoparticle to a fiber-based microcavity under cryogenic conditions. The spatial and spectral tunability of the cavity permits us to place individual nanoparticles in the cavity, to measure the inhomogeneous linewidth of the ions, and to show a multi-modal Purcell-enhancement of two transition in Eu3+. A halving of the free-space lifetime to 1.0 ms is observed, corresponding to a 140-fold enhancement of the respective transition. Furthermore, we observe a narrow optical linewidth of 3.3 MHz for a few-ion ensemble in the center of the inhomogeneous line. The results represent an important step towards the efficient readout of single Eu3+ ions, a key requirement for the realization of single-ion-level quantum processing nodes in the solid state.
Preparation of CMC-β-CD-sulfaguanidine and its application for protection of paper
Authors: Gao Jun , Chen Xiaoshuang , Li Hua , Yan Jiaxin
Published: February 2025

CMC-β-CD-sulfaguanidine was synthesized by saturated aqueous solution method with β-CD as carrier and sulfaguanidine as inclusion compounds based on the preparation of CMC-β-CD, through single factor and orthogonal experiment, suitable conditions for the synthesis of CMC-β-CD-sulfaguanidine was obtained. The structure of the synthesized CMC-β-CD-sulfaguanidine was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy and SEM. The inclusion compounds was applied to paper reinforcement. By testing the effects of different mass concentrations of sulfaguanidine solution on the tensile strength, tearing strength, folding times, whiteness, glossiness and antibacterial properties of the paper, the suitable conditions for coating paper were found. The results show that when inclusion concentration of 3 mg/mL is coated on the paper, its mechanical properties are improved, the glossiness is slightly increased, and the whiteness is basically unchanged, at the same time, the paper has certain antibacterial properties. CMC-β-CD-SG studied in this paper has the functions of strengthening, slow-releasing, anti-mildew and antibacterial for paper, which is an innovation of paper protection material, provides the theoretical basis and data reference, as well as a new research idea and technical approach for the development of products for paper protection.
Numerical study of flow and heat transfer in the air-side metal foam partially filled channels of panel-type radiator under forced convection
Authors: Si Wenrong , Fu Chenzhao , Wu Xinye , Deng Xianqin , Yuan Peng , Huang Zexuan , Yang Jian
Published: February 2025

To improve heat dissipation performance of panel-type radiator for transformers, this study investigated the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the air-side metal foam partially filled channels of the radiator. The porous thin-layer filled (PTLF) and porous fin filled (PFF) methods and the filling ratio (V
p) were analyzed and compared. The result indicated that the permeability and interfacial turbulent kinetic energy in the porous region of PFF channel are higher. Increasing V
p can promote flow mixing and heat transfer. For Re = 5,125–15,375, when V
p = 11.1%, the performance evaluation criterion in PFF channel can increase by 12.0–30.8% as compared with PTLF channel. Then, the effects of metal foam material, porosity (φ), and pore density (ω) were explored. The results show that decreasing φ, increasing ω, and using copper metal foam are all beneficial for enhancing the heat transfer performance of the PFF channel within the range studied. Finally, when V
p = 11.1%, the PFF channels filled with Cu-10-9.5 and Al-10-9.7 samples were selected for comparison with previous related studies, which demonstrated the feasibility of the metal foam partial filling method on the air side of the panel-type radiator.
Analysis of the Degree of Cooperativity of a Primary Education Classroom Group in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Riera Romero Gemma
Published: February 2025

Integration is one of the key challenges facing educational systems as they strive to offer quality education that not only promotes academic progress but also fosters coexistence in an increasingly plural and diverse society. From this perspective, one of the most significant changes that must be made involves shifting the traditional role of the teacher as a mere transmitter of information and granting a leading role to students in their own teaching and learning process. In this context, the importance of cooperative learning methodology is highlighted.
However, it is important to note that not all teamwork is truly cooperative. To determine the quality of cooperation, it is crucial to measure the degree of cooperativeness of teams. This degree refers to the effectiveness of teamwork, where the higher this degree, the more effective both the team and the work they carry out will be. Essentially, the degree of cooperativeness is evaluated considering two aspects: the frequency of teamwork and the quality of teamwork.
The present research focuses on explaining the procedure for calculating the degree of cooperativeness, as well as presenting the instrument designed for this purpose. Additionally, the results of its application are presented, which were carried out with a group of male and female students in third and fourth year of primary education. This instrument is the result of various projects developed in the Research Group on Attention to Diversity (GRAD) at the University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (Spain). The objective of this article is to present the analysis of the degree of cooperativeness of a primary education class group over two consecutive courses using an instrument (endorsed in subsequent studies, Pujolàs, 2009) with the purpose of identifying to what extent the students' work has the quality of being cooperative.
How Do Species Change Over Time? Designing a Hybrid Teaching Unit on Five Factors of Evolution
Authors: Czinczel Berrit K. , Fiedler Daniela , Harms Ute
Published: February 2025

Evolution is the central concept of biology and key to a comprehensive understanding of any complex biological interaction. It has proven to be a particularly difficult subject for both teachers and students. Hybrid teaching environments have the potential to support students in learning about complex topics and simultaneously enable researchers to collect data on students’ learning, giving them the opportunity to diagnose concrete obstacles for learning. Thus, we developed a teaching unit on five factors of evolution that utilizes digital tools in a traditional biology classroom for a hybrid teaching environment. The teaching unit is theoretically founded on biology education research (e.g., about students’ misconceptions) and utilizes validated teaching materials. Using various kinds of data from the unit, we expect to be able to gain a deeper understanding of students’ learning by analyzing students’ individual learning trajectories. This will lay the foundation for enhanced individualized feedback in the future.
Teaching Biology & Evolution Through the Watery Matrix of Life
Authors: Babaian Caryn , Kumar Sudhir , Miura Sayaka
Published: February 2025

Water is one of the most common molecules in the universe. Water is polarized, but it has many states besides the normal tetrahedron depicted in standard biology texts. Water is also the most ubiquitous molecule on Earth, the universal solvent. It is the internal and external habitat of cells. Ecologically, water is contiguous with life and the chemistry it nourishes. Water merges with everything from DNA to itself in the vast ocean; it is a constant molecule, and it does not change—or does it? Water, is the planet’s unwavering, flowing, but fixed liquid substrate, and it has an elemental and evolutionary story to tell. Water can independently regulate solute transport, entangling with cell proteins to create the aqueous conditions that support life metabolisms and the evolution of other molecules. Water dynamics are rarely mentioned in standard biology discussions, even though biomolecules are strongly influenced by the hydration shells around them. For water to affiliate with all things living requires specialized entry and exiting of water, achievable by a ubiquitous channel protein called an aquaporin. In this article, we will explore water’s often neglected complex relationship with all things biological from an aquaporin perspective. The aquaporin family of proteins is ancient and spans the tree of life in archaea, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, plants, animals, and viruses. From DNA to osmoregulation, aquaporins literally channel the water molecule through geological time. We will also explore the bigger picture of the aquaporin as a teaching tool for evolution. Through the genomic medicine paradigm, we examine diseases that manifest from defective aquaporins. From a visual and arts perspective, we reframe biological processes in the light of the most abundant but nominally understood molecule on Earth: water.
Fragmentiranje portreta i rascijepljeni subjekt u umjetničko-istraživačkom projektu Super heroine Nadije Mustapić
Authors: Rukavina Katarina
Published: February 2025

Tekst se bavi analizom koncepta audiovizualne instalacije radnog naziva Superheroine riječke umjetnice Nadije Mustapić gdje umjetnica istražuje temu položaja žena u nedavnoj pandemiji koronavirusa. Mustapić zanimaju nove rodne, klasne i rasne definicije rada u suvremenom društvu koje je pokazala ili dodatno naglasila izvanredna situacija uzrokovana virusom (poput rada od kuće) te jednako tako feministički odgovor na novostvorene i nametnute stereotipe. Vizualni dio instalacije zamišljen je kao video velikog formata projiciran u izložbenom prostoru. Tehnikama preklapanja, maskiranja, „slajsanja” videosnimaka mnogobrojnih (više od 100) žena kako stoje pred kamerom u punom formatu, umjetnica oblikuje kompozitnu sliku (univerzalnog) ženskog lika sastavljanog od mnoštva vertikalnih traka. Te su trake fragmenti videoportreta različitih žena snimljenih iz iste točke promatranja. Cilj je teksta pokazati na koji način ovakav pristup reflektira rakurs umjetnice i podupire koncept rada. Analiza se temelji na izabranim aspektima teorije umjetnosti koji uključuju: strategije fragmentiranja portreta, diskurzivnu analizu odabranog rakursa umjetnice iz feminističke perspektive, kao i psihoanalitički pristup fenomenu rascijepljenosti i decentriranosti postmodernog subjekta.
Uz osvrt na pitanje o vremenu građenja romaničke katedrale u Zadru
Authors: Vežić Pavuša
Published: February 2025

Štivo je osvrt autora knjige o romaničkoj katedrali u Zadru na zapažanja o njoj koja je iznio Predrag Marković s Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu. Uz zapise Daniela Farlatija, povjesničara iz 18. stoljeća, Marković tumači da je izgradnja crkve započela potkraj 12. stoljeća te je dovršena stoljeće potom. Ipak, ne postoje vjerodostojni povijesni izvori iz vremena građenja bazilike. Stoga pisac knjige o njoj arhitekturu crkve povezuje s kulturnim ambijentom u kojem je nastala, a u kojem su tijekom 12. stoljeća podignute i ostale romaničke sakralne građevine u Zadru. Zato katedralu datira u vrijeme prvoga zadarskog nadbiskupa Lampridija (1154. – 1178.). Poslije, u doba nadbiskupa Lovre Perijandera (1245. – 1287.) ona je produžena na pročelnoj strani, čak s nekim elementima već gotičke arhitekture, te posvećena 1285. godine.
Usidren u genius loci
Authors: Borić Laris
Published: February 2025

U osvrtu na biografiju hrvatskog povjesničara umjetnosti Branka Fučića, koju je objavio riječki povjesničar umjetnosti Marijan Bradanović, izdvajaju se ključne odlike osobnog i akademskog habitusa kakve se razabiru u opusu i životu toga uglednog humanista druge polovice 20. stoljeća. U složenim društvenim okolnostima tih vremena, Fučić je formirao jedinstven metodološki model povijesti umjetnosti i kulture koji je u neku ruku anticipirao danas globalno aktualne pristupe. Sveukupnost dinamike arhitektonskih i likovnih tendencija određenog mjesta on je definirao višestoljetnima, mjesno ustaljenim životnim specifičnostima koje pak proizlaze iz ključnih odlika prirodnog i kulturnog krajolika u kojem su nastale. Uvijek nekako onkraj fokusa nacionalnoga akademskog i kulturnog života, Fučić je u razdoblju samoupravnog socijalizma, kao i u naknadnim preslagivanjima devedesetih godina 20. stoljeća zadržao svježinu i neovisnost autentičnog humanista koji ne odustaje od pomno građenih etičkih standarda, pa i po cijenu društvene i stručne marginalizacije od političkih i kulturnih elita.
„Podrška, predah, utjeha”.O izložbi fotografija Mare Milin u Kneževoj palači u Zadru, Galerija umjetnina NMZ
Authors: Zmijarević Nikola
Published: February 2025

U izložbi Godišnji odmor u Kneževoj palači u Zadru (2. svibnja – 14. lipnja 2024.) Mare Milin vodi nas kroz šest poglavlja osobnih krajolika, prikladno nazvanih po akronimu njezina prezimena: marstrand, izautobusne, ludusi, intermezza, nokturna. Svaka serija fotografija poziva na introspekciju i bijeg od svakodnevnog kaosa, nudeći osjećaj mira i kontemplacije. Kvadratni formati, višestruke ekspozicije i igra svjetla stvaraju apstrahirane intimne pejzaže koji, uz harmoničnu glazbenu podlogu, okupljaju slike, zvukove i emocije u jedinstveno iskustvo. Ljudski lik, ako se i pojavi, ostaje prisutan tek kao osnovni obris, silueta u kadru, stapajući se s prirodom koja ga okružuje. Fotografija Mare Milin lišena je izravnog aktivizma, ali nosi suptilni socijalni moment – terapeutsku kvalitetu koja nas na trenutak odvaja od bučne, umarajuće stvarnosti i donosi tračak mira u turbulentnom vremenu.
Radoslav Tomić – In memoriam
Authors: Jakšić Nikola
Published: February 2025

U Splitu je u nedjelju, 17. ožujka 2024. nakon teške bolesti u 68. godini preminuo akademik Radoslav Tomić, povjesničar umjetnosti, vodeći hrvatski stručnjak za figuralnu umjetnost renesanse i baroka. Započeo je svoje djelovanje u Splitu kao muzealac, a zatim kao konzervator u službi zaštite spomenika kulture, a potom kao istraživač u Institutu za povijest umjetnosti u Zagrebu. Od 1997. godine bio je prof. za umjetnost baroka na Filozofskom fakultetu u Zadru. Od 2010. godine je redoviti član HAZU-a. Autor je vrijednih izložbenih projekata: o umjetničkoj baštini Kotorske biskupije 2009., o djelima mletačkog slikarstva u Dalmaciji 2011., te o slikarstvu talijanskog baroka u Hrvatskoj 2015. Autor je više knjiga: o baroknim oltarima u Dalmaciji 1995., o splitskoj slikarskoj baštini u razdoblju mletačke vladavine 2002., o Lottovu portretu Tome Nigera 2021. U ediciji Umjetnička baština Zadarske nadbiskupije obrađuje novovjekovno slikarstvo i skulpturu zadarske dijeceze. Posljednjom knjigom Znakovi identiteta. Sveci zaštitnici u umjetnosti 17. i 18. stoljeća u Dalmaciji, Boki kotorskoj i Dubrovačkoj Republici (2021.) sintetizira svoja dugogodišnja istraživanja.
The Existence of Traditional Rock Jumping (Fahombo) as a Cultural Heritage in Bawomataluo Village, South Nias Regency
Authors: Nofrizal Dedi , Lubis Hafiz Yazid , Gori Enggellina , Telaumbanua Nataniel
Published: February 2025

This research aims to determine the appreciation of the people of Bawomataluo Village, South Nias Regency towards cultural values and the factors that contribute to the growth of the traditional sport of Stone Jumping (Fahombo). Documentation and preservation of traditional sports, Incorporating traditional sports into the curriculum to teach children about community culture. This research used qualitative descriptions, interviews, and observations. Data were analyzed using NVIVO 12 Plus. Data collection, FGDs, reduction, presentation, conclusion, and verification Ten participants participated in this study. Potential informants included stakeholders, community leaders, and sports activists. The results of this study are, 1) The number of people who know about stone jumping (Fahombo) shows that the community's efforts to preserve traditional sports are good. 2) Forming traditional sports coaching groups to promote the sport. 3) Traditional sporting events are widely promoted to local and migrant communities through traditional and digital media. 4) Preserving local culture by organizing annual events and festivals of the traditional sport of Stone Jumping (Fahombo), teaching it to the next generation, and recording it. 5) Tourism potential, organized traditional sports activities in Bawomataluo Village, South Nias, 6) Develop local tourism such as arts, traditional sports and improve resources.
Effect of Parachute Training with Constant vs Varied Widths on 100-Meter Sprint at North Medan Athletics Club
Authors: Hariadi Hariadi , Fauzi Muhammad , Ibrahim Ibrahim , Irfan M. , Zulaini Zulaini
Published: February 2025

Objective: To investigate the effects of constant-width and varied-width parachute running training on the 100-meter sprint performance of athletes from the North Medan Athletic Club in 2023 and to determine which training method is more effective. Methods: The entire population of 10 athletes from the North Medan Athletic Club was analyzed. The athletes underwent pretest and post-test measurements for their 100-meter sprint times. They were divided into two groups: one group was trained with constant-width parachute running, and the other group was trained with varied-width parachute running. Pretest and post-test data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Normality tests were conducted to ensure data distribution. Homogeneity of variance was tested to compare the variances between the two groups. A t-test was used to determine the significance of the differences in sprint times before training and after training, as well as the difference between constant and varied-width training. Results: All data were normally distributed and showed homogeneity. The t-test showed a statistically significant improvement in sprint times for athletes in both the constant-width (p < 0.05) and varied-width (p < 0.05) parachute running groups. Furthermore, a significant difference was found between the constant-width and varied-width training methods, with varied-width training showing a greater effect in increasing the sprint speed of athletes at the North Medan Athletic Club.
АЛГОРИТМ ЧАСТНЫХ И РАЗНОСТЕЙ И КОД ДЛЯ КУБИЧЕСКИХ ПОЛИНОМОВ С КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЙ РЕАЛИЗАЦИЕЙ
Authors: ДЕБНАТХ Г. , ВАСУ Б.
Published: February 2025

В данной статье исследуются вычислительные сложности алгоритма частных и разностей (quotient-difference, Q-D) Х. Рутисхаузера и код программирования на Си - революционного достижения в полиномиальном анализе. Мы уделяем особое внимание кубическим полиномам, имеющим различные по модулю ненулевые действительные корни, и отмечаем способность алгоритма одновременно аппроксимировать все нули независимо от внешних данных. Он является неоценимым в различных областях, таких как определение представлений непрерывных дробей для мероморфных функций, и мощным инструментом комплексного анализа для прямой локализации полюсов и нулей. С целью практической реализации этой инновации в статье представлена тщательно разработанная программа на языке Си, дополненная исчерпывающим алгоритмом и блок-схемой. Эта реализация, подкрепленная иллюстративными примерами, подчеркивает надежность и эффективность работы алгоритма в различных реальных сценариях.

This article explores the computational intricacies of H. Rutishauser's quotient-difference (Q-D) algorithm and C programming code, a revolutionary advancement in polynomial analysis. Our specific focus is on cubic polynomials featuring absolute, distinct non-zero real roots, emphasizing the algorithm's distinctive capability to simultaneously approximate all zeros independently of external data. Notably, it proves invaluable in diverse domains, such as determining continuous fraction representations for meromorphic functions and serving as a powerful tool in complex analysis for the direct localization of poles and zeros. To bring this innovation into practice, the article introduces a meticulously crafted C language program, complete with a comprehensive algorithm and flowchart. Supported by illustrative examples, this implementation underscores the algorithm's robustness and effectiveness across various real-world scenarios.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МАТРИЦЫ ВЯЗКОСТИ ПРИ КОНСТРУИРОВАНИИ ЧИСЛЕННОГО РЕШЕНИЯ ЗАДАЧИ РИМАНА ДЛЯ УРАВНЕНИЙ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОЙ РЕЛЯТИВИСТСКОЙ ГИДРОДИНАМИКИ
Authors: КУЛИКОВ И.М.
Published: February 2025

Традиционно для решения уравнений гидродинамики используется метод Годунова, основной составляющей которого является решение задачи Римана для вычисления потока консервативных переменных через границу соседних ячеек. Большинство численных схем решения задачи Римана основаны на частичном или полном спектральном разложении матрицы Якоби при пространственной производной. Однако при использовании сложных гиперболических моделей и различных видов уравнения состояния даже частичное спектральное разложение найти аналитически достаточно сложно. К таким гиперболическим системам можно отнести уравнения специальной релятивистской магнитной гидродинамики. В работе предложена численная схема решения задачи Римана с использованием матрицы вязкости, построенной на основе полиномов Чебышева. Такая схема не требует информации о спектральном разложении матрицы Якоби, при этом учитывая в своей конструкции все виды волн. Для уменьшения диссипации численного решения была использована кусочно-параболическая реконструкция физических переменных. На классических тестовых задачах исследовано поведение разработанной численной методики.

Traditionally, to solve the hydrodynamic equations a Godunov method is used, whose main component is the solution of a Riemann problem to compute the fluxes of the conservative variables through the interfaces. Most numerical Riemann solvers are based on partial or full spectral decompositions of the Jacobian matrix with the spatial derivatives. However, when using complex hyperbolic models and various types of equations of state, even partial spectral decompositions are quite difficult to find analytically. Such hyperbolic systems include the equations of special relativistic magnetic hydrodynamics. In this paper, a numerical Riemann solver is constructed by means of a viscosity matrix on the basis of Chebyshev polynomials. This scheme does not require information about the spectral decomposition of the Jacobian matrix, while considering all types of waves in its design. To reduce the dissipation of the numerical solution, a piecewise parabolic reconstruction of the physical variables is used. The behavior of the numerical method is studied by using some classical test problems.
Pediatric Nutrition
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: February 2025

Significantly revised and updated by more than 100 contributors, the ninth edition provides the latest evidence-based guidance on the full spectrum of nutrition issues for newborns, infants, children, and adolescents. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/Pediatric-Nutrition-9th-Edition-Paperback
Social assessment of technology: risks of implementation of artificial intelligence technologies
Authors: Zhyvaha O. V.
Published: February 2025

The article highlights the role of social assessment of technology (TA) as a new tool of science and technology policy aimed at finding means for social management of technologies. Development of new information technologies, in particular, AI technologies, has become a subject of research of scientists from various fields, including specialists in TA. In article it is indicated that active implementation of artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and machine learning technologies over recent years not only provide additional opportunities for business, governments and people, while transforming social, professional, cultural sphere of society, but also generate significant concerns and risks of social inequality, transformation of labor market, growth of income differentiation, security threats, etc. The article highlights the risks and concerns of
using AI technologies and possible approaches for their prevention and overcoming in Ukraine and the world. It is discussed the activity of international organizations on development of standards, focused on social and ethical consequences of Al introduction. Specialized types of impact assessment of AI technologies, such as human rights impact assessment and algorithmic assessment, which are reflected in activities of offices and organizations on technology assessment, are analyzed. It is identified the need for development of international standards and creation of ethics code in the field.
Ядерний тезаурус метакогнітивної антропометрії / людиномірності
Authors: Єзерський В. Б. , Гончарова О. Є. , Гауфман Є.
Published: February 2025

Актуальність проблеми полягає в зростаючому розриві фізіо-біологічної бази людини, як фундаментальної природи реальності людської свідомості та поведінки (притаманної гармонії констант біосфери планети Земля), та інформаційної складової людини, що підвладна їй і зазнає стрімкого вдосконалення. Сучасна наука переживає кризу організації наукових знань, пов’язану з надмірністю інформації за відсутності відповідності принципам гуманістичної моралі. Важливою новою якістю людини для адаптації до нових безпрецедентних умов метакомунікації та подолання ризиків само- руйнування/самознищення є метакогнітивність як здатність до спостереження, аналізу та усвідомлення свого алгоритму пізнання для формування індивідуальної карти уявлень, що є основою світогляду – унікальної ментальної призми, через яку людина здійснює самоідентифікацію/самовизначення та визначає середовище свого буття. У формуванні карти уявлень, що перетворюється на іманентну реальність, вирішальну роль відіграє тезаурус – скарбниця слів/найменувань, якими людина називає численні феномени до- вкілля, що розрізняє її розум. Від ясності смислу та моральних засад слів/найменувань, якими користується людина для постійного коригування карти уявлень, і залежить якість постійно створюваної нею реальності. Тут є два варіанти: або створювати достаток/ процвітання/світло, або – дефіцит/страждання/руйнування. Мета статті – показати ви- рішальну роль тезаурусу в механізмі формування реальності як іманентної (притаманної людині) сутності, обґрунтувати й створити ядро тезаурусу (вербальна множина слів) як формальну систему метакогнітивної координації, орієнтації та навігації індивідуальної й колективної людської поведінки, тобто метакогнітивного діапазону, в якому наука надає нам розуміння реальності нашої поведінки, її раціональності й ірраціональності, доцільності та способів подолання ризиків самознищення. Основні результати. Обґрунтовано мета- когнітивну природу Тезаурусу та визначено його роль у житті людської істоти – генерацію складності, в якій перебуває людина, та організацію освоєння нової складності. Виявлено космологічну роль феномену тезаурусу. Виокремлено й обґрунтовано фізіо-, біо-, психо-, соціо-, поліприроди людської істоти в їхній єдності. Обґрунтовано структуру та принци- пи формування тезаурусу метакогнітивної людиномірності в єдності рівнів емоційного реаґування (основними, культуральними та коґнітивними емоціями), виявлено необхідну та достатню умови фільтрації та включення слів до ядра тезаурусу. Єдина точка цілеви- значення робить людські дії осмисленими – це гуманізм, в ім’я людини, в ім’я найвищої цінності – людського життя. Представлено практичне значення пропонованої системи пізнання та його практичне застосування. Сформовано ядро тезаурусу метакогнітивної людиномірності із замиканням на відкритість.
Is AI Interpretability Safe: the Relationship between Interpretability and Security of Machine Learning Models
Authors: Sazonov Georgii Vladimirovich , Lukyanov Kirill Sergeevich , Boyarsky Serafim Konstantinovich , Makarov Ilya Andreevich
Published: February 2025

With the growing application of interpretable artificial intelligence (AI) models, increasing attention is being paid to issues of trust and security across all types of data. In this work, we focus on the task of graph node classification, highlighting it as one of the most challenging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively explore the relationship between interpretability and robustness. Our experiments are conducted on datasets of citation and purchase graphs. We propose methodologies for constructing black-box attacks on graph models based on interpretation results and demonstrate how adding protection impacts the interpretability of AI models.
A review of the anti-bacterial effects exerted by Aronia melanocarpa
Authors: Ghanbari Shirin Azizi , Mousavi Soraya , Bereswill Stefan , Heimesaat Markus M.
Published: February 2025

Aronia melanocarpa, a main constituent of black chokeberry, provides a rich source of bioactive molecules including polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins and has been used for long in traditional medicine due to its various health-promoting and disease-alleviating properties. The aim of our literature survey was to provide an actual update of evidence regarding the antibacterial activities exerted by Aronia melanocarpa and its potential application for the treatment of human bacterial pathogenic including food-borne infections. Our survey revealed that distinct ingredients in Aronia melanocarpa do not only inhibit growth of Gram-positive and to a lesser extent of Gram-negative bacteria, but also biofilm formation that is even more pronounced upon combined application. Furthermore, the anti-microbial effects against food-spoiling bacteria underscores the application of defined Aronia-derived molecules in food preservation decreasing the risk for transmission of food-borne pathogens and thereby, improving food safety. Notably, in vivo studies revealed that prophylactic Aronia juice application alleviated murine Listeria monocytogenes-induced enteritis, dampened growth of streptococci involved in dental caries development, and decreased the incidence of urinary tract infections in nursing home residents. In conclusion, Aronia-derived bioactive molecules exhibit promising anti-bacterial and disease-alleviating effects that should be further elucidated in clinical studies.
Use of human hair as nesting material in an Australian passerine, the Pied Butcherbird Cracticus nigrogularis
Authors: Mo Matthew
Published: February 2025

A broad range of avian taxa are known to incorporate mammalian hair and fur into their nest materials and at least two reported observations involve birds using human hair. This note reports behaviour of an Australian passerine, the Pied Butcherbird Cracticus nigrogularis purposefully undertaking repeat visits to the same site to collect strands of human hair to supplement the structure of its nest. Apart from demonstrating ingenuity in this species, the observations expand our limited knowledge of avian use of human hair.
Routine investigations used in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis
Authors: Enimil Anthony K
Published: February 2025

World Health Organization approved the use of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) in children due to quick turn-around time, improved yield over smear microscopy, and ability to detect rifampicin resistance despite culture being the gold standard. This study reviewed published literature on childhood tuberculosis diagnostic modalities.
For childhood tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic modalities, PubMed was searched using Boolean terms OR/AND between childhood tuberculosis and words such as diagnosis, polymerase chain reaction, molecular, histology, imaging, and cultures. All abstracts were read, after which selected articles that met this article's objectives were thoroughly reviewed and referenced appropriately.
Ultra is an important diagnostic method for confirming TB in children even though mycobacterial culture, other molecular, and histology tests are used in the diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. Modalities such as imaging and immunologic testing support the diagnosis of microbiologically unconfirmed TB.
Despite advances in the diagnostic tools for tuberculosis in children, the sensitivity and specificity of such tests are still relatively low. Clinical criteria of TB still play a role in deciding whether to treat children for TB.
Laboratory characteristics of streptococcus pneumoniae: A persistent pathogen
Authors: Shaikjee-Moti Lutfiyya , Prentice Elizabeth , Tootla Hafsah Deepa
Published: February 2025

Despite advances, such as the availability of an effective vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae, the organism still contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in children. It is crucial that accurate identification and susceptibility testing of the organism occurs, to allow for accurate estimation of disease burden, development of vaccines, and initiation of optimal treatment. Herein the laboratory diagnosis, susceptibility testing and treatment of S. pneumoniae is discussed.
The laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever
Authors: Bamford Colleen
Published: February 2025

Typhoid fever is a serious bacterial infection. Given its non-specific clinical presentation the laboratory diagnosis is critical.  This article discusses existing and potential diagnostic methods. Culture particularly of blood remains very important but needs to be optimised in terms of volume and timing. Existing serological tests including the outdated Widal test and other serological tests generally lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity, though newer serological tests detecting immunoglobulin A to lipopolysaccharide, haemolysin E and other novel antigens, hold potential. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction on blood following a short pre-enrichment step also appears to offer excellent sensitivity and specificity but may be more suitable for research studies at this stage. The limitations of blood culture as the existing reference method are noted, and alternatives discussed.