bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexible and fast estimation method of far-field patterns for digital-coding metasurfaces
Authors: Mu Jing , Ma Qian , Cui Tie Jun
Published: July 2023

We propose a flexible and fast estimation method to calculate the far-field patterns of digital-coding metasurfaces (DCMs) by performing chirp Z-transform (CZT), called the DCM-CZT method. Because of the expression form of convolution, CZT can be accelerated by fast Fourier transform. Compared with the traditional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) method, the DCM-CZT method can accurately estimate the far-field patterns with arbitrary element periods. More importantly, the DCM-CZT method can calculate partial far-field patterns for some specific orientations, instead of the global far-field patterns like DFT does. We show that the DCM-CZT method can efficiently improve the partial space-resolution to avoid the calculation error caused by the fence effect under acceptable computing time. We present six representative examples to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method. Results show that the far-field patterns calculated by the DCM-CZT method have good agreements with full-wave simulations and experimental measurements. However, the results of main-lobes calculated by the DFT method have obvious deviations when the element period is about 0.2 wavelengths. We believe that the DCM-CZT method has potential applications in wireless communications and radar detections.
Highly secure 3D-OFDM transmission scheme based on two-level noise masking key-accompanying transmission over seven-core fiber
Authors: Chen Shuaidong , Ren Jianxin , Liu Bo , Li Yong , Wu Xiangyu , Ullah Rahat , Mao Yaya , Wang Bing , Ma Yiming , Xia Wenchao , Wu Yongfeng , Zhao Lilong
Published: July 2023

In this Letter, we propose a highly secure three-dimensional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (3D-OFDM) transmission scheme based on two-level noise masking key-accompanying transmission. The original signal is encrypted with a spherical constellation to ensure the system's security with a 4D Lorenz-like model. The key realizes two-level noise masking by introducing additional noise bits at the bit level and hiding in a noise-like spherical shell at the constellation level. Moreover, the proposed method of placing the key in the encrypted signal can simultaneously transmit the encrypted signal and the key. A 101.06-Gb/s 3D-OFDM encrypted signal with the proposed scheme over a 2-km 7-core fiber experiment was successfully implemented. Experimental results show that the security performance of the system can be guaranteed under the conditions of partial key leakage and key misplacement at the illegal receiver. At the same time, the key masking degree (KMD) of the proposed two-level noise masking can reach 3267, which effectively guarantees the safe transmission of the key.
Modality independent or modality specific? Common computations underlie confidence judgements in visual and auditory decisions
Authors: West Rebecca K. , Harrison William J. , Matthews Natasha , Mattingley Jason B. , Sewell David K.
Published: July 2023

The mechanisms that enable humans to evaluate their confidence across a range of different decisions remain poorly understood. To bridge this gap in understanding, we used computational modelling to investigate the processes that underlie confidence judgements for perceptual decisions and the extent to which these computations are the same in the visual and auditory modalities. Participants completed two versions of a categorisation task with visual or auditory stimuli and made confidence judgements about their category decisions. In each modality, we varied both evidence strength, (i.e., the strength of the evidence for a particular category) and sensory uncertainty (i.e., the intensity of the sensory signal). We evaluated several classes of computational models which formalise the mapping of evidence strength and sensory uncertainty to confidence in different ways: 1) unscaled evidence strength models, 2) scaled evidence strength models, and 3) Bayesian models. Our model comparison results showed that across tasks and modalities, participants take evidence strength and sensory uncertainty into account in a way that is consistent with the scaled evidence strength class. Notably, the Bayesian class provided a relatively poor account of the data across modalities, particularly in the more complex categorisation task. Our findings suggest that a common process is used for evaluating confidence in perceptual decisions across domains, but that the parameter settings governing the process are tuned differently in each modality. Overall, our results highlight the impact of sensory uncertainty on confidence and the unity of metacognitive processing across sensory modalities.
RNA covariation at helix-level resolution for the identification of evolutionarily conserved RNA structure
Authors: Rivas Elena
Published: July 2023

Many biologically important RNAs fold into specific 3D structures conserved through evolution. Knowing when an RNA sequence includes a conserved RNA structure that could lead to new biology is not trivial and depends on clues left behind by conservation in the form of covariation and variation. For that purpose, the R-scape statistical test was created to identify from alignments of RNA sequences, the base pairs that significantly covary above phylogenetic expectation. R-scape treats base pairs as independent units. However, RNA base pairs do not occur in isolation. The Watson-Crick (WC) base pairs stack together forming helices that constitute the scaffold that facilitates the formation of the non-WC base pairs, and ultimately the complete 3D structure. The helix-forming WC base pairs carry most of the covariation signal in an RNA structure. Here, I introduce a new measure of statistically significant covariation at helix-level by aggregation of the covariation significance and covariation power calculated at base-pair-level resolution. Performance benchmarks show that helix-level aggregated covariation increases sensitivity in the detection of evolutionarily conserved RNA structure without sacrificing specificity. This additional helix-level sensitivity reveals an artifact that results from using covariation to build an alignment for a hypothetical structure and then testing the alignment for whether its covariation significantly supports the structure. Helix-level reanalysis of the evolutionary evidence for a selection of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) reinforces the evidence against these lncRNAs having a conserved secondary structure.
Tools for assessing child and adolescent stunting: Lookup tables, growth charts and a novel appropriate-technology “MEIRU” wallchart ‐ a diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Chanyarungrojn Pannapat Amy , Lelijveld Natasha , Crampin Amelia , Nkhwazi Lawrence , Geis Steffen , Nyirenda Moffat , Kerac Marko
Published: July 2023

Stunting affects 149 million children worldwide and is a form of chronic malnutrition defined by low height-for-age. Surveys and intervention programmes depend on effective assessment and identification of affected individuals. Gold standard assessment is based on height-for-age Z-score (HAZ): HAZ <-2 defines stunting; HAZ <-3 defines severe stunting. However, a major problem for field-based programmes is that Z-scores can be time-intensive and challenging to calculate. We thus developed a novel wallchart that we have coined ‘MEIRU wallchart’ to easily and accurately identify stunted children and adolescents. Our study aim was to evaluate its performance and acceptability against other methods used in current clinical/field practice. We undertook a non-interventional diagnostic accuracy study in Malawi. We recruited 244 participants aged 8–19 years and determined each individual’s stunting status using, in varying order: the MEIRU wallchart, traditional lookup tables, and traditional growth charts. All were compared against ‘gold standard’ HAZ, calculated using AnthroPlus WHO software. Local community healthcare workers performed all the assessments. The wallchart method was strongly preferred by both participants and staff. It had an overall accuracy of 95.5%(kappa = 0.91) and was faster than lookup tables by an average of 62.5%(41.4sec; p<0.001) per measurement. Lookup tables and growth charts had overall agreements of 59.4%(kappa = 0.36) and 61.9%(kappa = 0.31) respectively. At the HAZ-2 cut-off, the wallchart had a sensitivity of 97.6%(95%CI: 91.5–99.7) and specificity of 96.3%(95%CI: 92.1–98.6). We conclude that the MEIRU wallchart performs well and is acceptable for screening and identification of stunted children/adolescents by community-level health workers. It fulfils key criteria that justify a role in future screening programmes: easy to perform and interpret; acceptable; accurate; sensitive and specific. Potential future uses include: conducting rapid stunting prevalence surveys; identifying affected individuals for interventions. Current field methods, lookup tables and growth charts performed poorly and should be used with caution.
Access to essential psychotropic medicines in Addis Ababa: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Teshager Molla , Araya Mesfin , Fenta Teferi Gedif
Published: July 2023

Background

Mental disorders are becoming a growing public health problem worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Regular and adequate supplies of appropriate, safe, and affordable medications are required to provide quality mental health services. However, significant proportions of the population with severe mental disorders are not getting access to treatment. Among others, the availability and affordability of psychotropic medicines are significant barriers for many patients in meeting their medication needs. This study aimed to assess the availability, prices, and affordability of essential psychotropic medicines in the private and public health sectors of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was used in 60 retail medicine outlets from the public and private sectors. Stratified random and quota sampling were applied to select the retail outlets. Data was entered and analyzed using the preprogrammed WHO/HAI workbook and SPSS V.25.

Results

The mean availability of Lower Priced Generic (LPG) psychotropic medicines was 24.33% in Addis Ababa (28.7% in the public sector and 19.80% in the private sector). The Patient prices for the LPG ranged from 0.52–6.43 MPRs in public and 1.08–24.28 MPRs in private sectors. Standard treatment costs varied from 0.1–7.8 days’ wages in public and 0.8–25 days’ wages in private sectors for the lowest-paid government worker to purchase a month’s supply.

Conclusions

Essential psychotropic medicines were poorly available, with high prices and low affordability in Addis Ababa. An efficient supply across all levels of care and financial protection for essential medicines should be in place to ensure access.
Expression of genes with biomarker potential identified in skin from DSLD-affected horses increases with age
Authors: Roberts Jennifer Hope , Zhang Jian , David Florent , McLean Amy , Blumenshine Karen , Müller-Alander Eva , Halper Jaroslava
Published: July 2023

Degenerative Suspensory Ligament Desmitis (DSLD) negatively impacts connective tissues in horses, which often leads to progressive chronic pain and lameness. DSLD has been shown to be a systemic disorder that affects multiple body systems, including tendons, sclerae, and the aorta. Currently, the diagnosis is confirmed by post mortem histological examination of a tendon or suspensory ligament. Histology reveals inappropriate accumulations of proteoglycans in the tendons and other tissues in DSLD-affected horses. Unfortunately, there is no reliable method to diagnose DSLD in living horses. Recently, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) was identified in active DSLD lesions. In addition, recent data from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) showed overexpression of numerous genes, among them BMP2, FOS and genes for keratins in DSLD skin biopsies-derived RNA. We hypothesized that some of these genes can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis of DSLD in a panel. Overexpression of some of them was verified in quantitative real time PCR. Immunohistochemistry and RNAscope in-situ hybridization (ISH) assays were used to determine the level of overexpression of specific genes in skin biopsies from control and DSLD-affected horses. The RNAscope ISH assay has shown to be more reliable and more specific that immunohistochemistry. ISH confirmed a significant increase in KRT83 and BMP-2 in hair follicles in DSLD cases, as well as abnormally high expression of FOS in the epidermis, especially in aging horses. Because statistically relevant specificity and sensitivity was documented only for FOS and BMP2, but not KRT83 we recommend the use of FOS and BMP2 panel to diagnose DSLD. We conclude that a panel of two markers from the studied group (BMP2 and FOS) can serve as an additional diagnostic tool for DSLD in living horses, especially in older animals. Further studies are necessary to confirm if this biomarker panel could be used as a prospective tool to identify DSLD in horses as they age.
A pilot randomized controlled trial of distance laughter therapy for mothers’ level of depression, anxiety, and parental stress during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ko Yejung , Park Sihyun
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to substantial lifestyle changes worldwide, contributing to heightened psychological stressors such as depression and anxiety. The demands of parental care have also intensified, increasing the risk of caregiver burnout and potential child maltreatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of implementing distance laughter therapy for mothers caring for young children during the pandemic, with a focus on mitigating depression, anxiety, and parental stress. Utilizing a pilot randomized controlled design, 22 participants were divided into two groups—experimental and control groups—and underwent four virtual sessions over two weeks. The experimental group engaged in distance laughter therapy, a technique designed to stimulate self-induced laughter, while the control group viewed a 50-minute entertainment TV show. Both groups experienced a significant decrease in depression and anxiety; however, only the experimental group experienced a significant reduction in parental stress. Nonetheless, the differences in outcomes between the groups were not statistically significant. Participants who engaged in distance laughter therapy reported positive changes across physical, emotional, social, self-perception, and stress-coping domains in exit interviews. Therefore, laughter therapy has an additional benefit of reducing parental stress, which may be particularly useful for mothers primarily responsible for childcare during the pandemic. Future research should investigate the effects of laughter on broader populations and settings and quantify the actual amount of laughter generated.
Silkworm model of biofilm formation: In vivo evaluation of antimicrobial tolerance of a cross-kingdom dual-species (Escherichia coli and Candida albicans) biofilm on catheter material
Authors: Eshima Shintaro , Matsumoto Yasuhiko , Kurakado Sanae , Sugita Takashi
Published: July 2023

Biofilms are formed by microorganisms and their products on the surface of materials such as medical devices. Biofilm formation protects microorganisms from antimicrobial agents. Bacteria and fungi often form dual-species biofilms on the surfaces of medical devices in clinical settings. An experimental system to evaluate in vivo biofilm formation by the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans was established using silkworms inserted with polyurethane fiber (PF), a catheter material. In the present study, we established an in vivo experimental system using silkworms to evaluate the antimicrobial tolerance of Escherichia coli in single- and dual-species biofilms formed on the surface of the PF. The injection of E. coli into the PF-inserted silkworms led to the formation of a biofilm by E. coli on the surface of the PF. E. coli in the biofilm exhibited tolerance to meropenem (MEPM). Furthermore, when E. coli and C. albicans were co-inoculated into the PF-inserted silkworms, a dual-species biofilm formed on the surface of the PF. E. coli in the dual-species biofilm with C. albicans was more tolerant to MEPM than E. coli in the single-species biofilm. These findings suggest the usefulness of an in vivo experimental system using PF-inserted silkworms to investigate the mechanisms of MEPM tolerance in E. coli in single- and dual-species biofilms.
Virus purification highlights the high susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 to a chlorine-based disinfectant, chlorous acid
Authors: Lawal-Ayinde Basirat Mojisola , Morita Tomoko , Oda Kosuke , Nazmul Tanuza , Kurose Miuko , Nomura Toshihito , Yamamoto Akima , Higashiura Akifumi , Akita Tomoyuki , Tanaka Junko , Horiuchi Isanori , Goda Hisataka , Sakaguchi Takemasa
Published: July 2023

Chlorous acid water (HClO2) is known for its antimicrobial activity. In this study, we attempted to accurately assess the ability of chlorous acid water to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. When using cell culture supernatants of infected cells as the test virus, the 99% inactivation concentration (IC99) for the SARS-CoV-2 D614G variant, as well as the Delta and Omicron variants, was approximately 10ppm of free chlorine concentration with a reaction time of 10 minutes. On the other hand, in experiments using a more purified virus, the IC99 of chlorous acid water was 0.41–0.74ppm with a reaction time of 1 minute, showing a strong inactivation capacity over 200 times. With sodium hypochlorite water, the IC99 was 0.54ppm, confirming that these chlorine compounds have a potent inactivation effect against SARS-CoV-2. However, it became clear that when using cell culture supernatants of infected cells as the test virus, the effect is masked by impurities such as amino acids contained therein. Also, when proteins (0.5% polypeptone, or 0.3% BSA + 0.3% sheep red blood cells, or 5% FBS) were added to the purified virus, the IC99 values became high, ranging from 5.3 to 76ppm with a reaction time of 10 minutes, significantly reducing the effect. However, considering that the usual usage concentration is 200ppm, it was shown that chlorous acid water can still exert sufficient disinfection effects even in the presence of proteins. Further research is needed to confirm the practical applications and effects of chlorous acid water, but it has the potential to be an important tool for preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Microbiology sampling in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis cases from northern Alberta
Authors: Wagner Mitchell J. , Dimitrov Monette , Lam Grace Y. , Leung Winnie , Tyrrell Gregory J. , Vethanayagam Dilini
Published: July 2023

Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is a chronic respiratory disease resulting in chronic cough, thick sputum, and lower airway microbial colonization, akin to patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). NCFB is a common, yet under recognized entity which inflicts significant morbidity and mortality particularly to older individuals, with a rising prevalence in the developed world. Given that sputum cultures are a non-invasive method to characterize the lower airway microbiota in NCFB patients, for which pathogenic organisms are associated with worsened outcomes, we sought to characterize the microbiological pattern and clinical outcomes associated with sputum culture in a cohort of NCFB patients from Western Canada. A total of 20 subjects were prospectively recruited from various bronchiectasis clinics across the Greater Edmonton area. A retrospective chart review and a symptoms questionnaire was performed, gathering information not limited to symptoms, comorbidities, exacerbations, hospitalizations, sputum production, and sputum culture results over the prior 5 years. Subjects reported frequent hospitalization alongside a significant burden of symptoms. A large majority of sputum cultures grew pathogenic organisms such as Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We also note the considerable waste and inefficiency associated with sputum cultures, outlining areas for which this important diagnostic modality can be improved. Accurate characterization of the airway microbiota alongside efficient delivery of health services are key to ensuring the proper treatment of individuals with NCFB, given their high disease burden and frequent hospitalization.
Examining influencing factors of express delivery stations’ spatial distribution using the gradient boosting decision trees: A case study of Nanjing, China
Authors: He Qianhui , Sun Shijie
Published: July 2023

Online shopping has promoted the development of logistics and express delivery businesses. Express delivery stations are closely related to residents’ daily lives, and it is an important topic for the study of urban consumption space and commercial service space. This paper analyzed the factors influencing the spatial distribution of terminal logistics space (express delivery stations) in the process of online shopping. The gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT) was selected for analyzing the factors influencing the distribution of express delivery stations. The results demonstrated that express delivery stations’ distribution is mainly influenced by commercial retail and residential neighborhoods, showing a clustering toward consumer spaces and residential areas. This paper studied the association between express delivery stations and other functional spaces in the city, and established an analytical framework for the factors influencing the spatial distribution of express delivery stations. The research results help to improve the rationality and effectiveness of the setting and management of the terminal logistics space in the online shopping process.
Editorial
Authors: Frommherz Gudrun , Sissons Helen
Published: July 2023

In times of heightened global uncertainties, media professionals, journalists and public communicators have been left with little or no guidance as to how to manage and communicate unprecedented events. Despite a wide recognition that contemporary life and media worlds have become increasingly complex, associated communication strategies for dealing with confusion and moving through turbulence have not kept pace. This Special Issue of the Journal of Applied Journalism and Media Studies (JAMS) revisits the almost forty-year-old acronym for volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (VUCA) and investigates how present experiences of chaos may benefit from the systems-thinking approaches of VUCA. The Special Issue seeks to make an argument for further development of VUCA models addressing the paucity of tools in existing chaos and complexity in communication strategies.
Resilient Society, Resilient Design
Authors: De Campos Paulo , Yamana Daniella , De Souza Gonçalves Daniel
Published: July 2023

Big cities in developing countries face many obstacles related to the built environment when confronted by socioeconomic inequalities, which is reflected by the uneven access to basic living infrastructure, such as sanitation and housing. In the light of new approaches to traditional materials and building techniques, this article aims to investigate the use of digital fabrication tools in the production of lightweight precast systems for the social production of habitat in Brazil.

To develop a clear assessment of the possibilities created by these technological alternatives, two academic applied researches are considered as case studies: a modular sidewalk for rain water drainage and a precast building system for housing. The main goal here is to discuss the role of high-tech solutions —such as digital fabrication tools and lightweight precast systems— in promoting urban community-driven upgrading initiatives in precarious settlements, accompanied by local economic development.
Placemaking in the Design of Knowledge‑Based Urban Developments
Authors: Noronha Pinto de Oliveira e Sousa Marcela , Canuto da Silva Robson , Celani Gabriela
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we review the concept of science parks and their culmination as knowledge-based urban developments (KBUDs). Next, we describe the upgrading of second-generation science parks in urban fringes to knowledge territories based on the quintuple helix innovation model. This research aims to study planning and design tools that can be used to foster serendipity, vitality and high-quality living environments in otherwise sterile landscapes from a human point of view, as is generally the case in second-generation science parks. In this context, we discuss how city information modelling (CIM) capabilities can be extended with three placemaking aspects that are important to this type of development: social negotiation, urban vitality and legibility. Finally, we present the International Hub for Sustainable Development (HIDS), which is currently being planned in Campinas, Brazil, and some examples of the use of CIM in this project. We conclude that CIM can be used to increase public engagement in participatory processes by facilitating communication between stakeholders. In addition, it improves data collection in these processes and supports decision‑making.
Reescribir el pasado desde la literatura. Significados emocionales y lecturas políticas de una novela sobre la conquista y la evangelización jesuítica del Paraguay (1799)
Authors: Soriano Muñoz Nuria
Published: July 2023

Este artículo analiza una novela escrita por Jean Pierre Claris de Florian (1755-1794) que fue traducida por Gaspar Zavala y Zamora (1752-1825) con el título de Camiré (1799). Su análisis —en conexión con otros testimonios de la época— evidencia el peso del presente en la reelaboración del pasado americano y el ambiente de confrontación que acompañó al significado que adquirió la conquista y la colonización en las últimas décadas de la Ilustración. La novela permite, por un lado, problematizar la construcción de la identidad europea y americana y, por otro, aportar una comprensión más ajustada de la cantidad de voces diferentes que dialogaron en la configuración de la «Leyenda Negra». A medio camino entre la ficción y la realidad, presenta el problema de la responsabilidad histórica y el coste económico y humano de este proceso. Además, esta pieza literaria se sirve de las emociones para crear una imagen humanitaria y respetable de los misioneros de la Compañía de Jesús, mientras justifica la evangelización de los guaraníes a través de actitudes cariñosas y amistosas, alejadas de la violencia y acordes con la sensibilidad civilizatoria dieciochesca. El uso de estas emociones articula el reforzamiento de la honorabilidad de la Compañía en el contexto del regreso que permitió Carlos IV en 1798, la configuración de un pasado que avergonzó a sus contemporáneos y la evangelización de los nativos a través de un trato sensible y amistoso que se convirtió en uno de los principales fundamentos de los discursos religiosos y políticos del Setecientos.
Mujer, noble y viajera. Lady Mary Graham y su inédito cuaderno sobre la península ibérica
Authors: Ávila Martínez María Teresa
Published: July 2023

La literatura de viajes ha sido considerada tradicionalmente como una de las grandes fuentes para el estudio de la Edad Moderna. Sin embargo, este conjunto heterogéneo de textos ha adolecido de un importante sesgo de género ya que apenas se conocían autoras que hubiesen participado en él. La investigación actual ha puesto de relieve que, en realidad, hubo muchas damas de la nobleza y la alta burguesía europea que viajaron por otros países y dieron cuenta de sus vivencias, aunque, generalmente, estos escritos nunca vieron la luz. Este fue el caso del inédito cuaderno de viajes de Mary Graham, redactado durante el año 1781 en el contexto de un viaje por la península ibérica cuyo contenido se analiza en el presente artículo. Asimismo, también se profundiza en la figura de esta noble escocesa, hija del noveno lord Cathcart y esposa del futuro primer lord Lynedoch, Thomas Graham, cuya biografía y obra han quedado relegadas a un segundo plano debido a su consagración como el prototipo ideal de esposa durante el primer Romanticismo británico. Este mito, alentado por su celebrada belleza y prematura muerte, ha entorpecido que se conozca a lady Graham en todas sus facetas, desde la de joven viajera hasta la inteligente observadora y crítica de arte. La documentación conservada en los archivos familiares nos muestra así a una noble mucho más real y poderosa, que se sirvió de su estatus social para conocer de primera mano las distintas localidades lusas e hispanas por las que transcurrió su periplo peninsular y, especialmente, de la ciudad de Madrid.
Hacia una visión de los excolegios jesuitas reformados en algunas regiones de la Nueva España y sus nuevas funciones tras el extrañamiento de 1767
Authors: Abascal Sherwell Raull Pablo
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo ofrecer una visión del destino que sufrieron los colegios jesuitas después de la expulsión en 1767 en algunas regiones de la Nueva España, como parte de un plan educativo mayor impulsado por la monarquía borbónica en el siglo de la Ilustración. El estudio se enfocará primordialmente en los excolegios localizados en la arquidiócesis de México y en la diócesis de Puebla, y en menor medida en otras dos, las de Guadalajara y Michoacán. El artículo comienza con un recuento de la situación de los colegios de la Compañía de Jesús en los años previos a la expulsión, y continúa con el análisis sobre el devenir de los colegios después del extrañamiento, el cual se hará a partir de la propuesta de cuatro ejes que se tratarán a lo largo del texto: el primero se centra en el valor que la Corona y los obispos dieron a la centralización de los colegios reabiertos en las sedes diocesanas en detrimento de las ciudades provinciales; el segundo analiza en qué medida los excolegios ayudaron al fortalecimiento de los seminarios conciliares en las capitales diocesanas una vez expulsados los jesuitas; el tercero se enfoca en cómo la nueva función que se otorgó a las antiguas instituciones ignacianas estuvo íntimamente vinculada al origen de pertenencia de dichas instituciones, es decir, si le habían pertenecido a la Compañía o a la Corona; por último, la importancia de las fuentes de financiamiento para su reapertura se muestra crucial.
Servir al rey para servirse a sí mismo: navarros al servicio de Carlos II de Austria
Authors: Presumido Casado Pablo
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo pretende analizar el beneficio o venta de mercedes en Navarra a cambio de donativos durante los dos últimos años del reinado de Felipe IV (1621-1665) y el reinado de Carlos II de Austria (1665-1700) dando así a conocer una nómina detallada de los compradores, las cantidades pagadas y el tipo de mercedes adquiridas. Para ello, hemos empleado principalmente los Libros de Mercedes Reales, registro donde quedaron anotadas la mayoría de las ventas que interesan a este estudio. Para comprender de forma panorámica dicho proceso, nos ha sido necesario contextualizarlo debidamente, para lo cual hemos recurrido a la documentación de la Tesorería de la Cámara de Comptos, sección de Tribunales Reales, Actas de las Cortes y Actas de la Diputación de Navarra (custodiada en el Archivo Real y General de Navarra), así como los Libros de Navarra del Archivo Histórico Nacional (Madrid). Todas estas fuentes, apoyadas con buena parte de la bibliografía existente sobre la problemática planteada, nos ha permitido realizar una pequeña pero útil síntesis sobre el estado de la Real Hacienda en Navarra durante la cronología referida para reconocer sus posibilidades y limitaciones en el reino pirenaico averiguando así el motivo por el que se produjo el fenómeno de venta de mercedes. También se han analizado las distintas comisiones reales dadas a los virreyes para entender mejor el amparo jurídico sobre el que se sustentaron dichas enajenaciones. Finalmente, se han localizado todas las mercedes registradas como ventas, la identidad de los compradores y los donativos pagados. Todo ello nos permitirá tener una visión más exhaustiva sobre el complejo proceso de la venalidad en el reino de Navarra y una mejor comprensión acerca de la integración del territorio en las estructuras de la Monarquía.
La estructura interna del Real Guardarropa de la reina María Luisa de Parma (1788-1808)
Authors: Antúnez López Sandra
Published: July 2023

Este estudio se interesa por la estructura interna del Real Guardarropa a finales del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX. Así, el objetivo principal es conocer qué personal y organización tenía el guardarropa y los distintos cambios de jefes y mozos de dicha dependencia. Gracias a las fuentes primarias del Archivo General de Palacio conocemos que esta sección real era un espacio dinámico con multitud de transformaciones tanto en el número de armarios que podía tener y el personal que trabajaba en él, como en los numerosos vestidos de la familia real. Además, en nuestra investigación conoceremos que gastos anuales de vestidos y prendas tenía María Luisa durante sus años de reinado. La mayoría de los géneros encargados para la soberana fueron comprados por el jefe de dicha estancia, y este se lo hacía entregar a la camarera mayor de la reina, la cual tenía acceso a todas las ropas femeninas. El guardarropa alberga cada obra realizada por sastres, modistas, costureras, bordadores, zapateros, entre otros. Asimismo, resulta trascendental el papel de las redes familiares, ya que la herencia del oficio fue necesario para la subsistencia del trabajo, y seguir conservando sus privilegios dentro de la Casa Real. Los clanes familiares fueron fundamentales para complacer la apariencia de los soberanos, como fueron: Robredo (bordadores), Pandeavenas–Beotas (costureras), y Esquirol (zapateros), entre los más importantes. Por último, hemos analizado el ritmo de trabajo de esta serie de artífices, puesto que algunos obraban a deshoras solamente para tener a tiempo los vestidos de corte de la reina.
«Notre sainte princesse». Reginalidad y santidad en la representación y comprensión de Isabel Clara Eugenia en Flandes
Authors: Atienza López Ángela
Published: July 2023

La expresión «notre sainte princesse» se registra en textos que habían escrito las religiosas de algunos conventos de Flandes poco después de la muerte de Isabel Clara Eugenia. Estos manuscritos recogían la representación y la imagen que estas religiosas habían ido construyendo de quien fuera su soberana y gobernadora antes, en el transcurso de su vida. Ese enunciado −«notre sainte princesse»− contiene tres dimensiones fundamentales en la configuración de la imagen y la comprensión histórica de Isabel Clara Eugenia que son las que van a constituir el objetivo del trabajo. Están aludidas en ese enunciado dos nociones poderosas −reginalidad y santidad− y se añade un interesante sentido de pertenencia o de apropiación («nuestra»). Nos interesa el estudio de ese entramado como tal y pretendemos analizar cómo se trenzaron históricamente las tres realidades y mostrar también cómo la propia infanta se implicó de forma activa y trabajó en la configuración y elaboración de esa imagen de sí misma como gobernante «digna de veneración», muy especialmente tras su viudedad y en una atmósfera de exaltación de la santidad. Es posible ver cómo hagiografía y vida formaron históricamente parte de una misma realidad. Combinamos el estudio de documentación y textos escritos elaborados desde los conventos femeninos acerca de quien fuera soberana en Flandes, Isabel Clara Eugenia, con el análisis de otras iniciativas de la propia infanta y otras operaciones que ella puso en marcha. Nuestro trabajo pretende contribuir a la incorporación de la noción de reginalidad a los marcos interpretativos que están guiando los estudios sobre las soberanas en la Edad Moderna.
The existence of gluten-free and functional pasta in Hungary
Authors: Szűcs Krisztián
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, instead of traditional wheat grains, alternative cereals, also known as pseudocereals, are increasingly coming to the fore. The reason for this is, among other things, that more and more people struggle with food allergies and intolerances. Gluten-related disease - such as gluten sensitivity - is a chronic disease of the small intestine with malabsorption, which is triggered by gluten, a vegetable protein found in certain cereals, in people who are sensitive to it. Because of this, the demand for foods in which alternative gluten-free pseudocereals play a prominent role has understandably increased. Our research and development goal was aimed at getting to know and examining the different raw materials and their functional enrichment possibilities, which has led to the development of a new range of pasta products.
Monitoring the process of yogurt spoilage by dielectric measurements and spread plate method
Authors: Dobozi Réka
Published: July 2023

In my research work, I primarily focused on the investigation of yogurt (made from home-made raw milk) spoilage by microbiological and dielectric measurements. During the experiment, I continuously monitored the changes in aerobic and anaerobic Lactobacillus cell counts of the product, as a possible spoilage process would cause the deteriorative microbes to displace the lactic acid bacteria, and I also monitored the changes in the dielectric properties of the sample material at 400 MHz frequency. The research results verified that there is a strong correlation between the variation in live cell counts and dielectric parameters in both aerobically and anaerobically cultured lactic acid bacteria. The main conclusions of the results are that the change in the bacterial count, and thus the deterioration process leading to it, can be indirectly monitored in the dairy product under study by low-frequency determination of both the dielectric constant and the loss factor.
THE GROWING REALITY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ENDODONTICS
Authors: Pratap Singh Suyash , Bharati Nirma
Published: July 2023

There has been a dramatic rise in the presence and relevance of AI in a wide variety of tasks and applications in dentistry, especially endodontics, and it has been called the "fourth industrial revolution" because it uses computer technology to replicate human intelligence.Artificial intelligence has been proved to achieve the same levels of efficiency, accuracy, and precision as human medical practitioners, but in less time and at a lower cost. Clinical uses of artificial intelligence in endodontics may help with diagnoses of periapical pathosis, root fractures, working length, morphology identification, and disease prediction.Prior to broad use of AI in ordinary clinical practice, it is important to gather high-quality information to assess the performance of AI in terms of its reliability, applicability, legal and ethical issues, and cost-effectiveness.
Authentic Materials And Task Design: A Teaching Amalgam
Authors: Alfonso Vargas Aleyda Jasmin , Romero Molina Paola Ximena
Published: July 2023

The use of authentic materials in foreign language teaching has been a growing practice over the last few decades. With the emergence of technology, these materials are more accessible, particularly in digital formats. Despite being primarily designed for non-pedagogical uses, these materials have become valuable resources for English language learning. However, using them effectively for teaching and learning purposes requires a systematic structure. This article examines the use of authentic materials in relation to various language skills, with a particular focus on listening comprehension framed within a pre-, while-, and post-stage cycle at both local and international levels, with the latter referring to the Colombian context. A review of scholarship shows that the use of authentic materials is a seemingly frequent practice among teacher-researchers, but not among a larger audience of practitioners. Additionally, studies do not provide guidance on how to prepare practitioners to design appropriate activities that complement authentic materials. Therefore, after examining studies and based on our teaching-research experience, we aim to contribute to the implementation of a pedagogical strategy that combines the systematic use of authentic materials with listening comprehension and a task design that provides a balance of challenge and support.
Incertidumbre epistémica y aleatoria en soft metrología: una perspectiva desde el aseguramiento de la validez de los resultados
Authors: Agudelo-Cardona Valentina , Barbosa Ingrid Natalia , Vallejo Marcela , Bahamón-Cortés Nelson , Delgado-Trejos Edilson
Published: July 2023

Contexto: En ingeniería, el modelado para el análisis de riesgo y confiabilidad de los procesos de medición que incluyen rutinas de cómputo exige el análisis de las fuentes y categorías de la incertidumbre, la cual, en este contexto, puede ser clasificada como aleatoria y epistémica. Método: Se presenta una revisión de la literatura obtenida de bases de datos como Google Scholar, IEEEXplore y ScienceDirect en cuanto a tendencias y enfoques relacionados con el concepto de incertidumbre, en el marco de la soft metrología, a fin de mejorar la comprensión cuando se tienen restricciones adicionales debido al aseguramiento de la validez de los resultados. Resultados: Se exponen conceptos y comparaciones que ayudan a mejorar la comprensión de la incertidumbre epistémica y aleatoria en los procesos de medición de soft metrología y su relación con el aseguramiento de la validez de los resultados, en el marco de las máquinas de aprendizaje. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la calidad en la representación de los sistemas de soft metrología es influenciada de manera constante por la incertidumbre aleatoria, y la incertidumbre epistémica exhibe una dinámica descendente cuanto mejor sea el ajuste del modelo con suficientes datos de entrenamiento.
Conceptual and terminological apparatus for disciplinary responsibility in pharmaceutical activity
Authors: Aleksieiev O. H.
Published: July 2023

The analysis of the content of the norm and its interpretation by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine leads to the conclusion that the labor legislation does not comply with the requirements of the Constitution of Ukraine, and the emphasis is placed on the need to harmonize the relevant norms with the Basic Law.
The aim of the work is to analyze the modern problem of terminological aspects of disciplinary responsibility in pharmaceutical activity according to the current legislation.
Materials and methods. The research was conducted using comparative legal, historical methods, methods of analysis and synthesis.
Results. Attention is paid to the problems of legislation related to the lack of a special approach to the regulation of disciplinary responsibility in pharmaceutical activity. It is noted that at the moment, a regime of general disciplinary responsibility has been established for pharmaceutical workers. Citing examples of the regulation of disciplinary responsibility in the pharmaceutical activity of developed countries, it is indicated that the modern national legislative approach does not correspond to the international practice of building a public health care system.
Conclusions. The establishment of a regime of special disciplinary responsibility for pharmaceutical workers is substantiated, which should include the creation of a special body that will be empowered to consider disciplinary proceedings and make a decision on the imposition of disciplinary sanctions, a special procedure for considering disciplinary proceedings, an expanded list of types of disciplinary sanctions.
Diuretic activity of some 4- and 3-thio-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles with fluorophenyl fragments
Authors: Bihdan O. A. , Parchenko V. V. , Kyrychko B. P. , Zvenyhorodska T. V. , Romanina D. M.
Published: July 2023

Diuretics increase the volume of urine and sodium excretion, and therefore are often used to remove excess fluid from the body during various diseases, including hypertension, heart and kidney failure, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, etc. Until now, a wide range of diuretics is known, but none of them is completely safe and has a number of side effects.
The aim of the work is to investigate the diuretic activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing fluorophenyl substituents at the fifth position of the 1,2,4-triazole fragment, as well as to establish the relationship between “chemical structure and diuretic action” among derivatives 1,2,4-triazole.
Materials and methods. To study the effect on kidney function, six groups of animals with seven rats each were used. When studying water diuresis, rats were kept on a constant diet with free access to water. Before water loading (5 % of body weight), rats were fasted for 2 hours without food and water. Since all tested compounds were insoluble in water, they were administered orally as an aqueous suspension stabilized with Tween-80. The compounds were administered at a dose of 1/10 LD50.
Results. The diuretic activity of 28 new compounds of a number of substituted 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols, which according to their chemical structure belong to different classes of compounds, was investigated.
Conclusions. Analysis of the results of diuretic activity indicates that there are a number of compounds whose activity is higher than hypothiazide, as well as a compound that exceeds the activity of furosemide.
O przyspieszonych procesach cyfryzacji i robotyzacji we współczesnym nieprzewidywalnym świecie – teoria i praktyka
Authors: Puślecki Zdzisław W.
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study is to present the accelerated processes of digitization and robotization in the contemporary unpredictable world from a theoretical and practical perspective. In the new developmental conditions, there has been a radical limitation of social and economic activity and the emergence of new barriers, which has led to an increase in the importance of innovative products and services based on modern technologies, aimed at overcoming the economic and social effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of some countries was to develop small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to become leaders in the progress of information and communication technologies. During the pandemic, an innovative approach to company development was necessary. Entities supporting entrepreneurs saw great potential in startups, widespread digitization, and actions consistent with sustainable development. The acceleration of the digitization proces influenced long-term organizational changes in enterprises, including more frequent remote work of some employees and the associated reduction in office space rental costs. Uncertainty in the global economy caused by the pandemic prompted many companies to re-evaluate their business models. Instead of relying on global supply chains, more and more companies invested in robots, leading to a renaissance of manufacturing in industrialized countries.
Ezoteryka a coaching, czyli współczesny rozwój osobisty w kontekście korzeni „wiedzy tajemnej”
Authors: Łagosz Zbigniew
Published: July 2023

This article attempts to portray the roots of coaching through the prism of esotericism, New Age, and occultism. The history of contemporary coaching is only coincidentally related to the emergence of New Age ideas and people who have influenced both systems. Using the example of the Polish coaching offer, the author demonstrates its similarities to esoteric and occult semantic and theoretical ideas.
Compositions of positive integers with 2sand 3s
Authors: Dişkaya Orhan , Menken Hamza
Published: July 2023

In this article, we consider compositions of positive integers with 2sand 3s. We see that these compositions lead us to results that involve Padovan numbers, and we give some tiling models of these compositions. Moreover, we examine some tiling models of the compositions related to the Padovan polynomials and prove some identities using the tiling model’s method. Next, we obtain various identities of the compositions of positive integers with 2sand 3srelated to the Padovan numbers. The number of palindromic compositions of this type is determined, and some numerical arithmetic functions are defined. Finally, we provide a table that compares all of the results obtained from compositions of positive integers with 2sand 3s.