bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Permeability Prediction in Rocks Experiencing Mineral Precipitation and Dissolution: A Numerical Study
Authors: Niu Qifei , Zhang Chi
Published: April 2019

In this study, we focus on the electrical tortuosity‐based permeability model k = reff2/8F (reff is an effective pore size, and F is the formation factor) and analyze its applicability to rocks experiencing mineral precipitation and dissolution. Two limiting cases of advection‐dominated water‐rock reactions are simulated, that is, the reaction‐limited and transport‐limited cases. At the pore scale, the two precipitation/dissolution patterns are simulated with a geometrical model and a phenomenological model. The fluid and electric flows in the rocks are simulated by directly solving the linear Stokes equation and Laplace equation on the representative elementary volume of the samples. The numerical results show that evolutions of k and F differ significantly in the two limiting cases. In general, the reaction‐limited precipitation/dissolution would result in a smooth variation of k and F, which can be roughly modeled with a power function of porosity ϕ with a constant exponent. In contrast, the transport‐limited precipitation/dissolution mostly occurs near the pore throats where the fluid velocity is high. This induces a sharp change in k and F despite a minor variation in ϕ. The commonly used power laws with constant exponents are not able to describe such variations. The results also reveal that the electrical tortuosity‐based permeability prediction generally works well for rocks experiencing precipitation/dissolution if reff can be appropriately estimated, for example, with the electrical field normalized pore size Λ. The associated prediction errors are mainly due to the use of electrical tortuosity, which might be considerably larger than the true hydraulic tortuosity.
Contrasting Responses of Midlatitude Jets to the North Pacific and North Atlantic Warming
Authors: Matsumura Shinji , Ueki Satoaki , Horinouchi Takeshi
Published: April 2019

Midlatitude atmospheric circulation is projected to shift poleward, yet the Northern Hemisphere jet shift is absent. Competing thermodynamic responses between tropical and Arctic warming have opposing influences on the jets and increase the uncertainties in future projections. This study shows, however, that sea surface temperature (SST) warming in the midlatitude is a major driver for the future midlatitude jet. Coupled Model Intercomparison Program phase 5 models indicate different SST warming between the midlatitude oceans, which induces a weakening of the North Pacific jet and a poleward shift of the North Atlantic jet. Our atmospheric model experiments enable to quantify the relative roles of Arctic, midlatitude, and tropical warming. The competing effects of midlatitude and tropical warming play a substantial role in the future midlatitude jet, hindering any poleward shift of the North Pacific jet, whereas for the North Atlantic jet, midlatitude SST warming is likely to win the competition.
Srlp is crucial for the self-renewal and differentiation of germline stem cells via RpL6 signals in Drosophila testes
Authors: Yu Jun , Yan Yidan , Luan Xiaojin , Qiao Chen , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhao Dan , Xie Bing , Zheng Qianwen , Wang Min , Chen Wanyin , Shen Cong , He Zeyu , Hu Xing , Huang Xiaoyan , Li Hong , Shao Qixiang , Chen Xia , Zheng Bo , Fang Jie
Published: April 2019

Self-renewal and differentiation in germline stem cells (GSCs) are tightly regulated by the stem cell niche and via multiple approaches. In our previous study, we screened the novel GSC regulatory gene Srlp in Drosophila testes. However, the underlying mechanistic links between Srlp and the stem cell niche remain largely undetermined. Here, using genetic manipulation of the Drosophila model, we systematically analyze the function and mechanism of Srlp in vivo and in vitro. In Drosophila, Srlp is an essential gene that regulates the self-renewal and differentiation of GSCs in the testis. In the in vitro assay, Srlp is found to control the proliferation ability and cell death in S2 cells, which is consistent with the phenotype observed in Drosophila testis. Furthermore, results of the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) reveal that RpL6 binds to Srlp. Srlp also regulates the expression of spliceosome and ribosome subunits and controls spliceosome and ribosome function via RpL6 signals. Collectively, our findings uncover the genetic causes and molecular mechanisms underlying the stem cell niche. This study provides new insights for elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of male sterility and the formation of testicular germ cell tumor.
NASICON-type air-stable and all-climate cathode for sodium-ion batteries with low cost and high-power density
Authors: Chen Mingzhe , Hua Weibo , Xiao Jin , Cortie David , Chen Weihua , Wang Enhui , Hu Zhe , Gu Qinfen , Wang Xiaolin , Indris Sylvio , Chou Shu-Lei , Dou Shi-Xue
Published: April 2019

The development of low-cost and long-lasting all-climate cathode materials for the sodium ion battery has been one of the key issues for the success of large-scale energy storage. One option is the utilization of earth-abundant elements such as iron. Here, we synthesize a NASICON-type tuneable Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7)/C nanocomposite which shows both excellent rate performance and outstanding cycling stability over more than 4400 cycles. Its air stability and all-climate properties are investigated, and its potential as the sodium host in full cells has been studied. A remarkably low volume change of 4.0% is observed. Its high sodium diffusion coefficient has been measured and analysed via first-principles calculations, and its three-dimensional sodium ion diffusion pathways are identified. Our results indicate that this low-cost and environmentally friendly Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7)/C nanocomposite could be a competitive candidate material for sodium ion batteries.
NRG1 type I dependent autoparacrine stimulation of Schwann cells in onion bulbs of peripheral neuropathies
Authors: Fledrich Robert , Akkermann Dagmar , Schütza Vlad , Abdelaal Tamer A. , Hermes Doris , Schäffner Erik , Soto-Bernardini M. Clara , Götze Tilmann , Klink Axel , Kusch Kathrin , Krueger Martin , Kungl Theresa , Frydrychowicz Clara , Möbius Wiebke , Brück Wolfgang , Mueller Wolf C. , Bechmann Ingo , Sereda Michael W. , Schwab Markus H. , Nave Klaus-Armin , Stassart Ruth M.
Published: April 2019

In contrast to acute peripheral nerve injury, the molecular response of Schwann cells in chronic neuropathies remains poorly understood. Onion bulb structures are a pathological hallmark of demyelinating neuropathies, but the nature of these formations is unknown. Here, we show that Schwann cells induce the expression of Neuregulin-1 type I (NRG1-I), a paracrine growth factor, in various chronic demyelinating diseases. Genetic disruption of Schwann cell-derived NRG1 signalling in a mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 1A (CMT1A), suppresses hypermyelination and the formation of onion bulbs. Transgenic overexpression of NRG1-I in Schwann cells on a wildtype background is sufficient to mediate an interaction between Schwann cells via an ErbB2 receptor-MEK/ERK signaling axis, which causes onion bulb formations and results in a peripheral neuropathy reminiscent of CMT1A. We suggest that diseased Schwann cells mount a regeneration program that is beneficial in acute nerve injury, but that overstimulation of Schwann cells in chronic neuropathies is detrimental.
Direct reciprocity and model-predictive rationality explain network reciprocity over social ties
Authors: Dercole Fabio , Della Rossa Fabio , Piccardi Carlo
Published: April 2019

Since M. A. Nowak & R. May’s (1992) influential paper, limiting each agent’s interactions to a few neighbors in a network of contacts has been proposed as the simplest mechanism to support the evolution of cooperation in biological and socio-economic systems. The network allows cooperative agents to self-assort into clusters, within which they reciprocate cooperation. This (induced) network reciprocity has been observed in several theoreticalmodels and shown to predict the fixation of cooperation under a simple rule: the benefit produced by an act of cooperation must outweigh the cost of cooperating with all neighbors. However, the experimental evidence among humans is controversial: though the rule seems to be confirmed, the underlying modeling assumptions are not. Specifically, models assume that agents update their strategies by imitating better performing neighbors, even though imitation lacks rationality when interactions are far from all-to-all. Indeed, imitation did not emerge in experiments. What did emerge is that humans are conditioned by their own mood and that, when in a cooperative mood, they reciprocate cooperation. To help resolve the controversy, we design a model in which we rationally confront the two main behaviors emerging from experiments—reciprocal cooperation and unconditional defection—in a networked prisoner’s dilemma. Rationality is introduced by means of a predictive rule for strategy update and is bounded by the assumed model society. We show that both reciprocity and a multi-step predictive horizon are necessary to stabilize cooperation, and sufficient for its fixation, provided the game benefit-to-cost ratio is larger than a measure of network connectivity. We hence rediscover the rule of network reciprocity, underpinned however by a different evolutionary mechanism.
The potential probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 strain protects the intestinal barrier by stimulating both mucus production and cytoprotective response
Authors: Martín Rebeca , Chamignon Celia , Mhedbi-Hajri Nadia , Chain Florian , Derrien Muriel , Escribano-Vázquez Unai , Garault Peggy , Cotillard Aurélie , Pham Hang Phuong , Chervaux Christian , Bermúdez-Humarán Luis G. , Smokvina Tamara , Langella Philippe
Published: April 2019

The gut barrier plays an important role in human health. When barrier function is impaired, altered permeability and barrier dysfunction can occur, leading to inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome or obesity. Several bacteria, including pathogens and commensals, have been found to directly or indirectly modulate intestinal barrier function. The use of probiotic strains could be an important landmark in the management of gut dysfunction with a clear impact on the general population. Previously, we found that Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 can protect intestinal barrier functions in mice inflammation model. Here, we investigated its mechanism of action. Our results show that CNCM I-3690 can (i) physically maintain modulated goblet cells and the mucus layer and (ii) counteract changes in local and systemic lymphocytes. Furthermore, mice colonic transcriptome analysis revealed that CNCM I-3690 enhances the expression of genes related to healthy gut permeability: motility and absorption, cell proliferation; and protective functions by inhibiting endogenous proteases. Finally, SpaFED pili are clearly important effectors since an L. rhamnosus ΔspaF mutant failed to provide the same benefits as the wild type strain. Taken together, our data suggest that CNCM I-3690 restores impaired intestinal barrier functions via anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective responses.
Sequential, but not Concurrent, Incubation of Cathepsin K and L with Type I Collagen Results in Extended Proteolysis
Authors: Parks Akia N. , Nahata Juhi , Edouard Naomi-Eliana , Temenoff Johnna S. , Platt Manu O.
Published: April 2019

Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) during tendinopathy is, in part, mediated by the collagenolytic cathepsin K (catK) and cathepsin L (catL), with a temporal component to their activity. The objective of this study was to determine how catK and catL act in concert or in conflict to degrade collagen and tendon ECM during tissue degeneration. To do so, type I collagen gels or ECM extracted from apolipoprotein E deficient mouse Achilles tendons were incubated with catK and catL either concurrently or sequentially, incubating catK first, then catL after a delayed time period. Sequential incubation of catK then catL caused greater degradation of substrates over concurrent incubation, and of either cathepsin alone. Zymography showed there were reduced amounts of active enzymes when co-incubated, indicating that cannibalism, or protease-on-protease degradation between catK and catL was occurring, but incubation with ECM could distract from these interactions. CatK alone was sufficient to quickly degrade tendon ECM, but catL was not, requiring the presence of catK for degradation. Together, these data identify cooperative and conflicting actions of cathepsin mediated collagen matrix degradation by considering interactive effects of multiple proteases during tissue degeneration.
Regression models for monitoring trace metal accumulations by Faba sativa Bernh. plants grown in soils amended with different rates of sewage sludge
Authors: Eid Ebrahem M. , Alrumman Sulaiman A. , Galal Tarek M. , El-Bebany Ahmed F.
Published: April 2019

The present study was conducted using a pot experiment to develop regression models for the prediction of trace metal concentrations in faba bean (Faba sativa Bernh.) plants cultivated in soils amended with different rates of sewage sludge to monitor possible human health risks. The trace metal concentrations in the different tissues of faba bean showed that most of the investigated trace metals were accumulated in the plant roots rather than in the other tissues. Meanwhile, the fruits accumulated the lowest concentration of most trace metals. The trace metal concentrations of the faba bean plants had a significant positive correlation with the organic matter content and a significant negative correlation with the soil pH. Transfer of trace metals from the soil to faba bean roots indicated that Al, Cu, Pb and Zn had a transfer factor that exceeded one, whereas the TF of the investigated trace metals from the roots to the fruits did not exceed one. The daily intake rate of the investigated trace metals did not exceed one in both adults and children. On the other side, the hazard quotient of trace metals from consuming faba bean fruits had values <1 for most investigated trace metals except Al and Mn in adults and in children. It is worth mentioning that the predicted trace metal concentrations via the established regression models and measured values from the validation data set were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Therefore, these developed models will be useful for prediction of trace metals uptake by faba bean grown in soil amended with sewage sludge so possible human risks can be identified.
The protonation state of an evolutionarily conserved histidine modulates domain swapping stability of FoxP1
Authors: Medina Exequiel , Villalobos Pablo , Coñuecar Ricardo , Ramírez-Sarmiento César A. , Babul Jorge
Published: April 2019

Forkhead box P (FoxP) proteins are members of the versatile Fox transcription factors, which control the timing and expression of multiple genes for eukaryotic cell homeostasis. Compared to other Fox proteins, they can form domain-swapped dimers through their DNA-binding –forkhead– domains, enabling spatial reorganization of distant chromosome elements by tethering two DNA molecules together. Yet, domain swapping stability and DNA binding affinity varies between different FoxP proteins. Experimental evidence suggests that the protonation state of a histidine residue conserved in all Fox proteins is responsible for pH-dependent modulation of these interactions. Here, we explore the consequences of the protonation state of another histidine (H59), only conserved within FoxM/O/P subfamilies, on folding and dimerization of the forkhead domain of human FoxP1. Dimer dissociation kinetics and equilibrium unfolding experiments demonstrate that protonation of H59 leads to destabilization of the domain-swapped dimer due to an increase in free energy difference between the monomeric and transition states. This pH–dependence is abolished when H59 is mutated to alanine. Furthermore, anisotropy measurements and molecular dynamics evidence that H59 has a direct impact in the local stability of helix H3. Altogether, our results highlight the relevance of H59 in domain swapping and folding stability of FoxP1.
Bistable behaviour and medium-dependent post-translational regulation of the tryptophanase operon regulatory pathway in Echerichia coli
Authors: Orozco-Gómez David I. , Sosa-Hernández Juan Eduardo , Gallardo-Navarro Óscar Adrián , Santana-Solano Jesús , Santillán Moisés
Published: April 2019

The present work is aimed at studying the dynamic behaviour of the tryptopnanase (tna) operon, which encodes the proteins necessary to uptake and metabolise tryptophan to use it as a carbon source in the absence of glucose. To this end, we designed a micro-bioreactor capable of driving a bacterial culture to a stationary state. This allowed us to explore (at the single cell level) the tna operon steady-state dynamics under multiple culture conditions. Our experimental results suggest that the tna operon is bistable for a specific range of environmental tryptophan and glucose concentrations, and evidence that both reagents play a role on the activation of the enzyme in charge of metabolising tryptophan: tryptophanase (TnaA). Based on our experimental data and the already known regulatory mechanisms, we developed a mathematical model for the tna operon regulatory pathway. Our modelling results reinforce the claim that the tna operon is bistable, and further suggest that the activity of enzyme TnaA is regulated by the environmental levels of glucose and tryptophan via a common signalling pathway. Possible biological implications of our findings are further discussed.
A novel optical tracer for VMAT2 applied to live cell measurements of vesicle maturation in cultured human β-cells
Authors: Pecic Stevan , Milosavic Nenad , Rayat Gina , Maffei Antonella , Harris Paul E.
Published: April 2019

The islet β-cells integrate external signals to modulate insulin secretion to better regulate blood glucose levels during periods of changing metabolic demand. The vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2), an important regulator of CNS neurotransmission, has an analogous role in the endocrine pancreas as a key control point of insulin secretion, with additional roles in regulating β-cell differentiation and proliferation. Here we report on the synthesis and biological characterisation of a fluorescent ligand for VMAT2 suitable for live cell imaging. Staining for VMAT2 and dopamine in live β-cell cultures show colocalisation in specific vesicles and reveal a heterogeneous population with respect to cell size, shape, vesicle number, size, and contents. Staining for VMAT2 and zinc ion, as a surrogate for insulin, reveals a wide range of vesicle sizes. Immunohistochemistry shows larger β-cell vesicles enriched for proinsulin, whereas smaller vesicles predominantly contain the processed mature insulin. In β-cell cultures obtained from nondiabetic donors, incubation at non-stimulatory glucose concentrations promotes a shift in vesicle diameter towards the more mature insulin vesicles at the expense of the larger immature insulin secretory vesicle population. We anticipate that this probe will be a useful reagent to identify living β-cells within complex mixtures for further manipulation and characterisation.
Survey of 17 elements, including rare earth elements, in chilled and non-chilled cauliflower cultivars
Authors: Kalisz Andrzej , Sękara Agnieszka , Smoleń Sylwester , Grabowska Aneta , Gil Joanna , Komorowska Monika , Kunicki Edward
Published: April 2019

This study investigated if genetic diversity among cauliflower cultivars (white ‘Xenia’ F1, green ‘Vitaverde’ F1, purple ‘Graffiti’ F1, orange ‘Sunset’ F1, romanesco ‘Celio’ F1) and transplant chilling are reflected in the content of 17 elements in mature curds. Transplants at 40 days after sowing were exposed to 4 °C (chilling) and 18 °C (control) for 7 days and then planted in the field till harvest maturity. The lowest Ag, Al, Co, and Li contents were found in ‘Celio’ F1cauliflower, which also had the highest Ba and Sr levels. Orange curds of ‘Sunset’ F1were the richest in Al, and high in Li, Sc, and Sn. Chilling applied to the transplants increased Ag, Ba, Co, Sc, Sr, and Tb, and decreased the Y content of mature curds. Transplant chilling can permanently alter plant metabolism, and subsequently may affect the mineral composition of the curds.
Neural cell adhesion molecule Negr1 deficiency in mouse results in structural brain endophenotypes and behavioral deviations related to psychiatric disorders
Authors: Singh Katyayani , Jayaram Mohan , Kaare Maria , Leidmaa Este , Jagomäe Toomas , Heinla Indrek , Hickey Miriam A. , Kaasik Allen , Schäfer Michael K. , Innos Jürgen , Lilleväli Kersti , Philips Mari-Anne , Vasar Eero
Published: April 2019

Neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) belongs to the immunoglobulin (IgLON) superfamily of cell adhesion molecules involved in cortical layering. Recent functional and genomic studies implicate the role of NEGR1 in a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, schizophrenia and autism. Here, we investigated the impact of Negr1 deficiency on brain morphology, neuronal properties and social behavior of mice. In situ hybridization shows Negr1 expression in the brain nuclei which are central modulators of cortical-subcortical connectivity such as the island of Calleja and the reticular nucleus of thalamus. Brain morphological analysis revealed neuroanatomical abnormalities in Negr1−/− mice, including enlargement of ventricles and decrease in the volume of the whole brain, corpus callosum, globus pallidus and hippocampus. Furthermore, decreased number of parvalbumin-positive inhibitory interneurons was evident in Negr1−/− hippocampi. Behaviorally, Negr1−/− mice displayed hyperactivity in social interactions and impairments in social hierarchy. Finally, Negr1 deficiency resulted in disrupted neurite sprouting during neuritogenesis. Our results provide evidence that NEGR1 is required for balancing the ratio of excitatory/inhibitory neurons and proper formation of brain structures, which is prerequisite for adaptive behavioral profiles. Therefore, Negr1−/− mice have a high potential to provide new insights into the neural mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Meta-Analysis of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Concentrations in Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Erre Gian Luca , Mangoni Arduino Aleksander , Castagna Floriana , Paliogiannis Panagiotis , Carru Ciriaco , Passiu Giuseppe , Zinellu Angelo
Published: April 2019

Raised circulating concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), have been reported in several rheumatic diseases (RDs). However, the strength of this relationship is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the magnitude and the robustness of the association between ADMA concentrations and RDs. We calculated standardized mean differences (SMD, with 95% confidence intervals, CI). Study heterogeneity was evaluated by meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses according to type of RDs, conventional cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory markers, and type of ADMA assessment methodology. Thirty-seven studies with a total of 2,982 subjects (1,860 RDs patients and 1,122 healthy controls) were included in our meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that ADMA concentrations were significantly higher in patients with RDs than in healthy controls (SMD = 1.27 µmol/L, 95% CI 0.94–1.60 µmol/L; p < 0.001). However, the between-studies heterogeneity was high. Differences in ADMA concentrations between controls and RDs patients were not significantly associated with inflammatory markers, increasing age, lipid concentrations, body mass index, blood pressure, or methodology used to assess ADMA. Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed no difference across RDs. This meta-analysis showed that, in the context of significant between-study heterogeneity, circulating concentrations of ADMA are positively related to RDs.
Si 1s−1, 2s−1 and 2p−1 lifetime broadening of SiX4 (X = F, Cl, Br, CH3) molecules: SiF4 anomalous behaviour reassessed
Authors: Püttner Ralph , Marchenko Tatiana , Guillemin Renaud , Journel Loïc , Goldsztejn Gildas , Céolin Denis , Takahashi Osamu , Ueda Kiyoshi , Lago Alexsandre F. , Piancastelli Maria Novella , Simon Marc
Published: April 2019

The Si 2s and 2p core holes of SiF4 show significant non-local electronic decays like ICD, ETMD2 and ETMD3.
High-throughput computational screening of metal–organic frameworks with topological diversity for hexane isomer separations
Authors: Peng Liang , Zhu Qiao , Wu Pinglian , Wu Xuanjun , Cai Weiquan
Published: April 2019

A large-scale computational screening of 13 512 MOFs with topological diversity was carried out to search the optimal candidates for the simultaneous separation of two dimethyl butanes from the quinary equimolar mixture of hexane isomers.
Bread enriched with phytosterols with or without curcumin modulates lipoprotein profiles in hypercholesterolaemic individuals. A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ferguson Jessica J. A. , Wolska Anna , Remaley Alan T. , Stojanovski Elizabeth , MacDonald-Wicks Lesley , Garg Manohar L.
Published: April 2019

A novel functional food containing phytosterols and curcumin significantly lowers blood cholesterol concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic individuals.
Highly efficient epoxidation of vegetable oils catalyzed by a manganese complex with hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid
Authors: Chen Jianming , de Liedekerke Beaufort Marc , Gyurik Lucas , Dorresteijn Joren , Otte Matthias , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M.
Published: April 2019

A highly efficient catalytic epoxidation of vegetable oils under mild conditions was developed, using a homogeneous Mn catalyst and H2O2as oxidant.
Multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and super-resolution fluorescence imaging with a supramolecular biopolymer for the controlled tagging of polysaccharides
Authors: Ge Haobo , Cortezon-Tamarit Fernando , Wang Hui-Chen , Sedgwick Adam C. , Arrowsmith Rory L. , Mirabello Vincenzo , Botchway Stanley W. , James Tony D. , Pascu Sofia I.
Published: April 2019

A new coumarin-appended boronate ester for fluorogenic imaging which binds polysaccharides in solution and in cells.
Enhanced catalytic activity of Au core Pd shell Pt cluster trimetallic nanorods for CO2 reduction
Authors: He Lan-qi , Yang Hao , Huang Jia-jun , Lu Xi-hong , Li Gao-Ren , Liu Xiao-qing , Fang Ping-ping , Tong Ye-xiang
Published: April 2019

Au@Pd@Pt nanorods greatly enhance the catalytic activities for CO2 reduction because of Pd–Pt edge active sites as investigated by SERS.
Converting chicken manure into highly active N–P co-doped metal-free biocarbon electrocatalysts: effect of chemical treatment on their catalytic activity for the ORR
Authors: Alonso-Lemus I. L. , Figueroa-Torres M. Z. , Lardizabal-Gutíerrez D. , Bartolo-Pérez P. , Carrillo-Rodríguez J. C. , Rodríguez-Varela F. J.
Published: April 2019

In this work, the use of chicken manure as the raw material for obtaining metal-free biocarbons as electrocatalysts was studied.
NIR light-responsive short peptide/2D NbSe2 nanosheets composite hydrogel with controlled-release capacity
Authors: Wu Can , Liu Jing , Liu Bin , He Suyun , Dai Guoru , Xu Bo , Zhong Wenying
Published: April 2019

The design of light-responsive peptide hydrogels with controllable drug release characteristics is still a challenge.
A halogen-bonding foldamer molecular film for selective reagentless anion sensing in water
Authors: Hein Robert , Borissov Arseni , Smith Martin D. , Beer Paul D. , Davis Jason J.
Published: April 2019

A novel halogen-bonding foldamer molecular film was utilised to achieve anion sensing in pure water via non-faradaic capacitance spectroscopy.
Engineered peptidic constructs metabolize amyloid β by self-assembly-driven reactions
Authors: Mondal Tanmay , Mandal Bhubaneswar
Published: April 2019

Designed “artificial α-secretases” digested stone-stable toxic fibrils by pre-programmed cascades of chemical reactions aided by supramolecular interactions.
Rhodium-containing oxide-hydrides: covalently stabilized mixed-anion solids
Authors: Jin Lun , Hayward Michael A.
Published: April 2019

The first rhodium-containing oxide-hydride phases clearly demonstrate the ability of late 4d transition metals to kinetically stabilize oxide-hydride lattices.
Which types of clay minerals fix cesium ions effectively? the “cavity-charge matching effect”
Authors: Yamamoto Takahiro , Takigawa Tomoaki , Fujimura Takuya , Shimada Tetsuya , Ishida Tamao , Inoue Haruo , Takagi Shinsuke
Published: April 2019

Cs+ mediated interlocking for the strong capturing “cavity-charge matching effect”.
Significance of hydrogen bonding networks in the proton-coupled electron transfer reactions of photosystem II from a quantum-mechanics perspective
Authors: Chai Jun , Zheng Zhaoyang , Pan Hui , Zhang Shengbai , Lakshmi K. V. , Sun Yi-Yang
Published: April 2019

All quantum-mechanical calculations provide insights into the effect of the hydrogen bonding network on the proton-coupled electron transfer at YZ and YD in photosystem II.
Fluorescence measurements of peroxynitrite/peroxynitrous acid in cold air plasma treated aqueous solutions
Authors: Tarabová Barbora , Lukeš Petr , Hammer Malte U. , Jablonowski Helena , von Woedtke Thomas , Reuter Stephan , Machala Zdenko
Published: April 2019

The first study providing direct fluorescence detection of peroxynitrite/peroxynitrous acid (ONOO−/ONOOH) in plasma activated liquids correlated with the chemical kinetics of ONOOH formation.
High pressure CO2photoreduction using Au/TiO2: unravelling the effect of co-catalysts and of titania polymorphs
Authors: Bahadori Elnaz , Tripodi Antonio , Villa Alberto , Pirola Carlo , Prati Laura , Ramis Gianguido , Dimitratos Nikolaos , Wang Di , Rossetti Ilenia
Published: April 2019

A series of Au/TiO2based catalysts with low gold loading (0.1–0.5 wt%) were prepared by a modified deposition–precipitation method and their activity was tested for CO2photoreduction in the liquid phase at high pressure (7 bar).
Performance of diffusion-optimised Fischer–Tropsch catalyst layers in microchannel reactors at integral operation
Authors: Becker Henning , Güttel Robert , Turek Thomas
Published: April 2019

Simulation study evaluating impact of diffusion on selectivity and productivity for optimised catalyst layers operated at high conversion.
Review of electromagnetic interference shielding materials fabricated by iron ingredients
Authors: Shukla Vineeta
Published: April 2019

Iron with carbonaceous materials, conducting polymers, dielectric materials or insulating polymers is reviewed.
A visible light mediated, metal and oxidant free highly efficient cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction between quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and ethers
Authors: Mane Kishor D. , Kamble Rohit B. , Suryavanshi Gurunath
Published: April 2019

The white light mediated, 3C alkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones via a cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction with cyclic ethers using eosin Y as a photocatalyst is described. The reaction proceeds via a hydrogen abstraction and transfer process.
Effect of Co addition on catalytic activity of FePCCu amorphous alloy for methylene blue degradation
Authors: Hou Long , Wang Qianqian , Fan Xingdu , Miao Fang , Yang Weiming , Shen Baolong
Published: April 2019

A novel FeCoPCCu amorphous alloy as a highly efficient catalyst in Fenton-like reactions for methylene blue degradation.
Metal–organic framework derived Co–N-reduced graphene oxide as electrode materials for rechargeable Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Lin Xiujing , Yang Yang , Li Zhuang , Zhang Tingting , Wang Yizhou , Liu Ruiqing , Li Pan , Li Yi , Huang Zhendong , Feng Xiaomiao , Ma Yanwen
Published: April 2019

With tailored deposition sites and morphology of discharge products, the Li–O2 batteries based on Co–N-rGO electrodes exhibit significant enhancement.
Tunable photophysical properties of thiophene based chromophores: a conjoined experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Popczyk Anna , Cheret Yohan , Grabarz Anna , Hanczyc Piotr , Fita Piotr , El-Ghayoury Abdelkrim , Sznitko Lech , Mysliwiec Jaroslaw , Sahraoui Bouchta
Published: April 2019

Synthesis and theoretical investigation of six donor–acceptor thiophene based derivatives with tunable photophysical properties.
Fine-tuning the optoelectronic chattels of fluoreno-thiophene centred molecular semiconductors through symmetric and asymmetric push–pull switch
Authors: Kumar Chitra , Raheem Abbasriyaludeen Abdul , Pandian Karpagam , Nandakumar Vrinda , Shanmugam Ramasamy , Praveen Chandrasekar
Published: April 2019

Optoelectronic properties of symmetrical and unsymmetrical fluoreno-thienyl π-semiconductors were studied.
TuPPL: Tub-tag mediated C-terminal protein–protein-ligation using complementary click-chemistry handles
Authors: Stengl Andreas , Gerlach Marcus , Kasper Marc-André , Hackenberger Christian P. R. , Leonhardt Heinrich , Schumacher Dominik , Helma Jonas
Published: April 2019

We introduce a chemoenzymatic strategy for straightforward in vitro generation of C-terminally linked fusion proteins.
Evolution of molecular aggregation in bar-coated non-fullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Mao Yuchao , Li Wei , Chen Mengxue , Chen Xiaolong , Gurney Robert S. , Liu Dan , Wang Tao
Published: April 2019

Anin situmeasurement technique combining spectroscopic ellipsometry and a bar coating method is introduced to monitor the film drying process of a PBDB-T:ITIC non-fullerene photovoltaic blend to illustrate the nanoscale morphology development during solution casting.
An antibacterial and biocompatible piperazine polymer
Authors: Zhang Maolan , Zeng Guoming , Liao Xiaoling , Wang Yuanliang
Published: April 2019

A novel piperazine polymer (PE), which was prepared through a simple and green method, exhibited good antibacterial activity againstE. coliandS. aureus.
Ultimate dispersion of metallic and ionic platinum on ceria
Authors: Tovt Andrii , Bagolini Luigi , Dvořák Filip , Tran Nguyen-Dung , Vorokhta Mykhailo , Beranová Klára , Johánek Viktor , Farnesi Camellone Matteo , Skála Tomáš , Matolínová Iva , Mysliveček Josef , Fabris Stefano , Matolín Vladimír
Published: April 2019

Smallest metallic (blue) and ionic (grey) Pt objects on ceria are shaped and controlled by surface oxygen content.
Pt–Ni–P nanocages with surface porosity as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation
Authors: Deng Kai , Xu You , Yang Dandan , Qian Xiaoqian , Dai Zechuan , Wang Ziqiang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: April 2019

Ternary Pt–Ni–P mesoporous nanocages with uniform morphology and size are fabricated and used as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation.
In operandomonitoring of reaction-diffusion streamlines and uncovering of electrochemo-structural interactions in electrodes
Authors: Zhang Yanxiang , Yan Fuyao , Ma Jingbo , Yan Mufu , Ni Meng , Xia Changrong
Published: April 2019

The electrochemo-structural interactions in an electrode can be represented by a distribution of reaction-diffusion streamlines (DRDS).
Facile synthesis of polyacrylonitrile-based N/S-codoped porous carbon as an efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for zinc–air batteries
Authors: Li Guodong , Pei Lei , Wu Yu , Zhu Bin , Hu Qi , Yang Hengpan , Zhang Qianling , Liu Jianhong , He Chuanxin
Published: April 2019

Nitrogen/sulfur co-doped porous carbons derived from liquid polyacrylonitrile (LPAN) was prepared by a facile pyrolysis-based route, which exhibited excellent activity and stability of oxygen reduction reaction for Zn–air battery.
A self-assembling collagen mimetic peptide system to simultaneously characterize the effects of osteogenesis imperfecta mutations on conformation, assembly and activity
Authors: Sun Xiuxia , Liu Zhao , Zhao Sha , Xu Xiaojun , Wang Shenlin , Guo Chengchen , Xiao Jianxi
Published: April 2019

We have created a self-assembling collagen mimetic peptide system which for the first time facilitates simultaneous characterization of the effects of osteogenesis imperfecta mutations on stability, conformation, assembly and activity.
Adverse oxidation of CsPbI2Br perovskite during the crystallization process in an N2 glove-box
Authors: Zhang Shasha , Wu Shaohang , Babu B. Hari , Chen Weitao , Chen Rui , Huang Yuqian , Yang Zhichun , Zhu Hongmei , Zhou Jing , Chen Wei
Published: April 2019

During annealing, surface oxidation leads to defect formation in the crystals and attenuated photovoltaic performance.
Manipulating nitrogen regulation in diazotrophic bacteria for agronomic benefit
Authors: Bueno Batista Marcelo , Dixon Ray
Published: April 2019

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is controlled by intricate regulatory mechanisms to ensure that fixed nitrogen is readily assimilated into biomass and not released to the environment. Understanding the complex regulatory circuits that couple nitrogen fixation to ammonium assimilation is a prerequisite for engineering diazotrophic strains that can potentially supply fixed nitrogen to non-legume crops. In this review, we explore how the current knowledge of nitrogen metabolism and BNF regulation may allow strategies for genetic manipulation of diazotrophs for ammonia excretion and provide a contribution towards solving the nitrogen crisis.
An Exploratory Survey Study of Grand Rounds as an Interprofessional Education Tool for Graduate Students in the Health Professions
Authors: Namazi Mahchid , Holan George P. , McKenzie Sharon E. , Anuforo Prisca O. , Pax Jennifer A. , Knis-Matthews Laurie , Marks Donald R.
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Interprofessional education (IPE), collaboration, and training are essential for health programs at the graduate level, but there are often challenges in implementing initiatives that transcend several departments/schools. Grand Rounds is an interprofessional case-based team-building activity that involves faculty facilitators and students from several health professions. The purpose of the current study was to explore the benefits of Grand Rounds for IPE, particularly among graduate students, and share the academic process and experience in developing IPE activities.

Method

Program directors were asked to e-mail surveys to eligible students inviting them to attend the Grand Rounds event; those who participated in the event were sent a follow-up survey.

Results

One hundred twenty-two faculty and students attended the event; 81 were graduate students. The data from graduate students' preevent and postevent surveys were analyzed. Students' knowledge of their own professions and those of others was enhanced as a result of participation in the Grand Rounds event.

Conclusion

The results indicate that Grand Rounds is a promising activity for IPE and a potential tool for cultivating interprofessional collaborations in higher education.
Optimising the inter‐distance between transmitters in a multi‐cell VLC system
Authors: Kafafy Mai , Fahmy Yasmine , Khairy Mohamed
Published: April 2019

In this study, the authors find the optimum inter‐distance between visible light access points (VAPs) in a multi‐cell system. This is an important issue to avoid the lack of resources resulting from wiring too few VAPs while minimising the installation cost. This study uses a one‐dimensional corridor model suitable for many practical environments such as train aisles and hospital/library corridors. They provide formulas for the average rate achieved per user to determine the optimal inter‐VAP distance. These formulas depend on information that is usually available in the design step such as the corridor dimensions, luminaries' parameters, and user density. They consider different power allocation techniques and different frequency reuse factors. The analysis shows that the optimum inter‐VAP distance depends mainly on the corridor dimensions and not as much on the communication technique. Higher frequency reuse factors reduce the interference and improve the performance in the case of small cells. Specifically, the results determine the corridor dimensions that are better served by multi‐VAP rather than a single centred VAP. Many important design issues are answered throughout this study such as how the ceiling height and the estimated crowdedness in the corridor affect the optimum cell size.
Marker-assisted breeding for Downy mildew, Powderey mildew and Phylloxera resistance at FEM
Authors: Vezzulli Silvia , Dolzani Chiara , Nicolini Daniela , Bettinelli Paola , Migliaro Daniele , Gratl Verena , Stedile Tommaso , Zatelli Alessandra , Dallaserra Monica , Clementi Silvano , Dorigatti Cinzia , Velasco Riccardo , Zulini Luca , Stefanini Marco
Published: April 2019

Il programma di miglioramento genetico per le resistenze a stress biotici ha avuto inizio presso la Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM) nel 2010. Inizialmente è stata condotta una caratterizzazione sia genotipica che fenotipica di materiali acquisiti da altri programmi di breeding e di materiale selvatico raccolto in New Jersey. Sia i genotipi conosciuti nei database internazionali che i genotipi sconosciuti, imparentati e non, sono stati impiegati come linee parentali nel processo di introgressione e di piramidazione di loci di interesse. Una volta pianificati e ottenuti gli incroci, la valutazione delle progenie è avvenuta seguendo un processo di Marker-Assisted Selection: dapprima è avvenuta la selezione fenotipica in serra in base al tipo di malattia e al numero di loci attesi per la medesima malattia; successivamente si è proceduto con lo screening molecolare in base ai loci specifici attesi nei parentali. Cinque sono i loci Run/Ren associati alla resistenza all'oidio presenti nel programma FEM; riguardo ai loci associati alla resistenza alla peronospora, quattro Rpv sono ben rappresentati nel piano di incroci. Ad oggi il 26% delle F1 è piramidizzato per quattro loci di resistenza.
Identification of disease resistance-linked alleles in Vitis vinifera germplasm
Authors: Prazzoli Maria Lucia , Lorenzi Silvia , Perazzolli Michele , Toffolatti Silvia , Failla Osvaldo , Grando Maria Stella
Published: April 2019

Introgression of genetic resistance to fungal diseases from American and Asian Vitis species traditionally pursued in grape breeding programs, although facilitated by molecular tools, has an impact on wine quality that still slows down development of competitive varieties. A contribution to the genetic improvement of grapevines for resistance to pathogens may come from unexplored genetic resources of the Eurasian Vitis vinifera L. In the present study, a hundred grapevine accessions from Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan were genotyped with SSR markers linked to QTLs for resistance to downy and powdery mildew, and with 21 SSR markers widely used for genetic diversity and relationship analysis. Looking at population genetic structure, Armenian and Azerbaijani accessions fell within the same cluster and were included among the Central Asian grape varieties of a homogeneous dataset, while Georgian accessions formed a separate group. Pattern of SSR alleles flanking the locus Ren1 and associated with resistance to Erysiphe necator in 'Kishmish vatkana', 'Dzhandzhal kara' and other Central Asian cultivars were found in three varieties from the Azerbaijani population that reached very high scores when assessed for PM resistance.
Evaluation of mechanical properties of berries on resistant or tolerant varieties of grapevine
Authors: Porro Duilio , Wolf Marco , Pedò Stefano
Published: April 2019

An experimental site located in Trentino (North-Eastern Italy), characterized by considerable rainfall that normally requires several plant protection treatments, was used to assess the behavior of 15 grape varieties resistant to the main fungal diseases from an agronomic, quantitative, qualitative, nutritional, and physiological point of view, since 2015. At the 4th year of planting (2016), mechanical properties (berry firmness, berry skin hardness, and thickness) of berries were evaluated using a TAxT2i Texture Analyzer in order to get information about parameters useful for wine process. The varieties showed significant differences in the studied parameters.Regenthad the highest values of berry firmness, whilstJohanniterandCabinothe lowest.Cabernet CantorandCabernet Cortisgenerally presented higher values of berry skin hardness than the other varieties. Conversely, the lowest values of skin hardness were recorded inJohanniter, followed by bothSolarisandCabino.Souvignier gris,Prior, andBronnerhad significantly higher values of berry skin thickness thanCabino,which, in turn, did not differ from the levels found inHelios,Muscaris,Aromera, andRegentberries, with values above 175 µm, range largely found in grapevine cultivars normally grown. The association between mechanical properties of berries and qualitative data could be used as an aid in decision-making about wine processes.
Intra-varietal variability of Romanesco variety (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Muganu Massimo , Paolocci Marco , Primiceri Simona , Tartaglia Riccardo , Benucci Ilaria , Cerreti Martina , D'Onofrio Claudio , Paolacci Anna Rita , Bignami Cristina
Published: April 2019

Most historical sources that describe the presence of Romanesco variety in vine-growing areas of Lazio Region (Italy) highlighted the variability of morphological traits within the variety. This partly justifies the presence of different synonyms, true or presumed, reported by many authors for this grape variety. With the aim of analysing this variability, eight accessions related to the variety, collected in Lazio Region and grown in the DAFNE grape germplasm collection, have been characterized over five productive seasons. The ampelographic description was carried out using 50 OIV morphological descriptors and ampelometric analyses were carried out on mature leaves by SuperAmpelo software. The DNA of the different accessions, extracted from young leaves, was analyzed using 14 microsatellite loci. Furthermore, at harvest, the grapes of each accession were sampled to assess main compositive characteristics. Results showed differences among accessions on some ampelographic descriptors of the mature leaf, of the bunch, and on phenological stages. Microsatellite profiles allowed for classification of the accessions into three distinct groups. Qualitative analysis of the berry skin showed differences among accessions in the content of the main classes of phenolic compounds.
VINESYM: an integrated vine and grapevine mathematical model for vegetative development and production quality forecast
Authors: Faluomi Vittorio , Borsi Iacopo
Published: April 2019

The present work deal with the development of a mathematical model able to predict, using time dependent meteorological data, soil and vine characteristics, the growing of a vine and grapevine in terms of leaf area, shoot length, fruit and vegetative mass and finally sugar and acid content of the berry. The model is based upon a source-sink relationship approach, integrated with a soil-atmosphere model, where water accumulation in soil, sap flow across vine are coupled with potential carbon demand functions to directly consider possible water and temperature stresses. The model includes also a N2 sink-source approach, limiting growth rate following N2 availability. Finally, a mechanistic model to evaluate sugar accumulation and a correlation-based model for acid concentration evaluation in the berry is coupled with vegetative growth, to provide the information required to manage vineyard operations and evaluate the impact to the potential wine quality. The primary distinctive trait of this model is then the integration and feedback among prediction of grapevine quality model (sugar an acid content) and vegetative growth model, using a common initial ad boundary conditions data set.