bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВПЛИВ МІЖНАРОДНИХ УГОД ТА НОВИХ СТАНДАРТІВ У СФЕРІ АВІАЦІЇ НА ДОГОВІРНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ВІДНОСИН СУБ’ЄКТІВ АВІАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Нецька Любов , Багинський Павло
Published: October 2024

Мета статті полягає у виявленні особливостей договірного регулювання господарських відносин суб’єктів авіаційної діяльності під впливом міжнародних угод та нових стандартів у сфері авіації. Дослідження спрямоване на визначення можливостей і викликів, що виникають з впровадження нових нормативних вимог, а також на розробку рекомендацій щодо оптимальних стратегій адаптації для авіаційних підприємств. Методи дослідження: використано методи аналізу та синтезу, порівняльно-правовий, системно-функціональний та логіко-юридичний під час опрацювання нормативно-правових актів та міжнародних угод у галузі авіації. Також застосовано системний підхід для вивчення впливу цих документів на договірне регулювання господарських відносин суб’єктів авіаційної діяльності. Формально-юридичний метод допоміг у вивченні змісту правових дефініцій. Результати: доведено, що міжнародні угоди та нові стандарти значно впливають на договірне регулювання господарських відносин у сфері авіації. Впровадження нових вимог сприяє підвищенню безпеки польотів, удосконаленню операційних процесів і поліпшенню взаємодії між авіакомпаніями, аеропортами та іншими суб’єктами авіаційної діяльності. Підкреслюється важливість регулярного оновлення договорів для відповідності новим вимогам і уникнення правових колізій. Загалом, результати свідчать про необхідність тісної співпраці національних регуляторних органів з міжнародними організаціями для ефективного впровадження нових стандартів. Обговорення: першочергове значення має гармонізація національних нормативних актів із міжнародними стандартами у сфері авіації. Міжнародні угоди та стандарти сприяють уніфікації умов договорів, встановлюють чіткі правила щодо компенсацій пасажирам у разі скасування або затримки рейсів, втрати або пошкодження багажу. Розвиток нових видів авіаційних послуг, таких як безпілотні авіаційні системи, авіаційне таксі та космічний туризм відбувається під впливом міжнародних угод та нових стандартів, які також стимулюють інноваційні послуги, забезпечуючи необхідне правове регулювання, зокрема і договірне.
ПРОЦЕСУАЛЬНИЙ СТАТУС ПОСТРАЖДАЛОГО ВІД ДОМАШНЬОГО НАСИЛЬСТВА У КРИМІНАЛЬНОМУ ПРОВАДЖЕННІ
Authors: Адаменко Олег
Published: October 2024

Метою статті є дослідження процесуального статусу постраждалого від домашнього насильства у кримінальному провадженні, виокремлення й обґрунтування пропозицій, спрямованих на вдосконалення вітчизняного кримінального законодавства. Методи дослідження: використано комплексний аналіз нормативно-правових актів, наукової літератури та практики застосування кримінального процесуального законодавства. Результати: визначено, процесуальний статус постраждалої особи від домашнього насильства як сукупність прав і обов’язків, які виникають у особи, якій кримінальним правопорушенням завдано психологічної, фізичної, сексуальної та/або майнової шкоди. Встановлено, що з урахуванням перспектив розвитку кримінального судочинства та досвіду інших держав у цьому напрямі, можна з упевненістю стверджувати, що категорія постраждала особа від домашнього насильства та її процесуальний статус ще в цілому не сформований, вона потребує значних вдосконалень, змін та доповнень, адже суттєві прогалини у чинному законодавстві неабияк ускладнюють кримінальне провадження за фактами домашнього насильства. Обговорення: норми вітчизняного законодавства які регулюють питання процесуального статусу постраждалої особи від домашнього насильства у кримінальному провадженні мають фрагментарний характер у ряді вітчизняних нормативно-правових актів, що не коопелюються один з одним, а тому потребують уточнення та вдосконалення.
ФАКТОРИ, ЩО ВПЛИВАЮТЬ НА РІВЕНЬ РИЗИКІВ ВЧИНЕННЯ КРИМІНАЛЬНИХ ПРАВОПОРУШЕНЬ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦЯМИ, ЯКІ БРАЛИ УЧАСТЬ У БОЙОВИХ ДІЯХ, ТА ЇХ СВОЄЧАСНЕ ВИЯВЛЕННЯ (ДОСВІД США)
Authors: Бахмач Андрій
Published: October 2024

Мета: визначити та класифікувати фактори, що впливають на рівень ризиків вчинення кримінальних правопорушень військовослужбовцями, які брали участь у бойових діях, дослідити можливості та методи своєчасного виявлення таких факторів з використанням досліджень, проведених у Сполучених Штатах Америки (далі США). Методи дослідження: порівняльний, системний аналіз, пізнавально-аналітичний та ін. Результати: автор доходить висновку, що фактори, які впливають на рівень ризиків вчинення кримінальних правопорушень військовослужбовцями, можна розділити на зовнішні та внутрішні. Погіршення стану психічного здоров’я є важливим внутрішнім фактором, що чинить значний негативний вплив на рівень агресивності військовослужбовців, які брали участь у бойових діях та, відповідно, підвищує рівень ризику вчинення ними кримінальних правопорушень. Відповідно, погіршення стану психічного здоров’я військовослужбовців потребує своєчасного діагностування. Обговорення: необхідність та можливість обов’язкового діагностування стану психічного здоров’я всіх військовослужбовців, які брали участь у бойових діях, з метою надання допомоги по відновленню їхнього психічного здоров’я.
АНАЛІЗ ОБ’ЄКТИВНОЇ СТОРОНИ КРИМІНАЛЬНИХ ПРАВОПОРУШЕНЬ, ПЕРЕДБАЧЕНИХ У ДИСПОЗИЦІЯХ СТ. 180 КК УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Ковтун Олексій
Published: October 2024

Мета: комплексний аналіз об’єктивної сторони кримінальних правопорушень, юридичні склади яких передбачені у диспозиціях ст. 180 Кримінального кодексу України (далі – КК України), з урахуванням положень теорії кримінального права. Методи дослідження: дедукції, формально-юридичний, логіко-юридичний, пізнавально-аналітичний, порівняльно-правового аналізу, герменевтичний та інші. Результати: запропоноване вирішення окремих важливих дискусійних питань об’єктивної сторони злочинів, юридичні склади яких передбачені у диспозиціях ст. 180 «Перешкоджання здійсненню релігійного обряду» КК України, зокрема, визначення «релігійного обряду» як обстановки вчинення кримінального правопорушення, тлумачення змісту терміну «примушування» з врахуванням змісту терміну «вимагання», вживання термінологічного звороту «форма вчинення суспільно небезпечного діяння». Обговорення: дослідження присвячене аналізу спірних питань об’єктивної сторони юридичних складів злочинів, передбачених у диспозиціях ст. 180 «Перешкоджання здійсненню релігійного обряду» КК України. Зокрема, тлумаченню термінів «перешкоджання», «примушування», «релігійний обряд», визначенню конкретних видів суспільно небезпечних діянь як форм вчинення злочину.
The Chinese Nationalism and Foreign Policy Component in Mass Consciousness in China
Authors: Kuznetsov Dmitry V.
Published: October 2024

The research describes the phenomenon of Chinese nationalism in the context of the foreign policy component of the mass consciousness of residents in China. The ideas of Chinese nationalism become more popular both on the individual level and the level of mass consciousness. This is according to opinion polls, data from the media, as well as views widely spread among the intellectual elite.
Between 2000–2010 there was a significant rise of nationalism in China. The reason was the transformation of Chinese public opinion. Under the influence of progress in the development of China, people have come to realize that modern China certainly plays a crucial role in world politics and economics.
A characteristic feature of modern Chinese nationalism is that it proliferates far outside of China. Currently, its main content is a growing anti-American and anti-Japanese views.
The ideas of modern Chinese nationalism have become most prevalent among the younger generation of Chinese citizens. These processes are partially controlled by the PRC authorities, who need the population to have certain ideological orientation.
Considering the rise of nationalism in China we can see the appearance of the ‘Chinese Dream’ concept in 2012.
Womenomics: The Assumptions and Effects of Abenomics’ Third Arrow
Authors: Batko Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

In 2012, after being sworn in as the Prime Minister of Japan for the second time, Shinzō Abe introduced his plan of reviving the Japanese economy. This set of reforms, named Abenomics after the PM’s name, was designed to secure the state’s position within the region. This agenda consists of the three socalled ‘arrows’ that concern the changes in the fiscal policy, monetary policy, and fundamental structural changes. One of the key concepts of the third arrow is Womenomics, which concentrates on persuading Japanese women to act more actively on the job market and seek opportunities to advance their careers. Despite being one of the most developed countries in the world, the gender gap is apparent with regards to the workforce and it does have a significant impact on the state of the Japanese economy.
The purpose of this article is to present the assumptions of the Womenomics concept and to determine how it is being applied by the current Japanese government. This analysis will then focus on estimating the already perceptible effects of introducing Womenomics with regards to two aspects. Firstly, the study will evaluate the consequences for the Japanese economy through applying the statistical data in quantitative research. Secondly, it will also contain references to the social level as this model poses a series of evident challenges to the traditional concept of the role of women in Japanese society.
Europe–China economic cooperation after official Belt and Road initiative announcement
Authors: Roszkowska Dorota , Matlaszek Emilia
Published: October 2024

The official announcement of the One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative in September 2013 opened a new chapter, not only in the economic and political history of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), but also at least 60 other countries, including European ones. Therefore, the OBOR initiative can be considered as an instrument enabling greater Sino-European economic connectivity. There are a few different forms of high-level meetings, organized to create space for European-China discussions. The most significant are EU–China Summits, Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM), and 16+1 Summits (China–Central Eastern Europe Initiative). The guiding documents, agreed during those events shape in a significant way, future political and economic relations. After September 2013, important conclusions, which are consistent with OBOR presumptions, were made. For example, the the EU–China discussion on a Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI) has started, EU–China Connectivity Platform, has been created. In October 2013, the Peoples Bank of China and the European Central Bank signed a bilateral local currency swap arrangement. Finally, at the beginning of 2016, China became the 67th member of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Despite those achievements, most of European Union’s (EU’s) countries represent different interests, what can hinder further developments. China’s B&R Initiative is undoubtedly a priority in Beijing’s foreign policy. European countries should make their best to capitalize on the opportunities it provides. It seems to be possible only if European countries would have a common position vis-à-vis Beijing.
Rodzina jako wartość
Authors: Walęcka-Matyja Katarzyna , Janicka Iwona
Published: October 2024

Rodzina zajmuje centralne miejsce w każdym społeczeństwie.  Integralnym wymiarem rodziny jest wspólnotowość, którego źródłem i efektem jest wsparcie rodzinne gwarantujące zaspokajanie wielu niezbędnych, dla zdrowia, potrzeb. Rodzina jest celem życiowym, dążeniem, pragnieniem z uwagi na specyficzne walory ją określające. Naturalną i najważniejszą, dla każdego człowieka, potrzebą jest być w rodzinie i mieć rodzinę.
W monografii podano kryteria rodziny, które obejmują nowe formy wspólnego życia upoważniające do identyfikowania grupy osób jako rodzinę. Zaprezentowano charakterystykę czterech niezmiennych wartości rodziny – kulturowej, funkcjonalnej, strukturalnej i prozdrowotnej. Zaproponowano model przedstawiający – rodzinę jako wartość i wartości rodzinne oraz wskazano na efekt wartości rodzinnych. Z kolei badania własne dotyczyły wartości rodzinnych. Uczestnikami badań było 400 dorosłych osób. Zastosowano takie narzędzia badawcze jak: Skala Familizmu, Kwestionariusz Poczucia Stresu, Kwestionariusz Relacji Dorosłego Rodzeństwa, Kwestionariusz do Pomiaru Depresji, Skala do Pomiaru Orientacji Sprawczej i Wspólnotowej, Skrócona Skala Materializmu oraz ankieta.  Analiza wyników ujęta została w trzech modelach, o charakterze operacyjnym, które obejmowały: ocenę zróżnicowania w zakresie wymiarów wartości rodzinnych w zależności od wybranych zmiennych społeczno-demograficznych; psychologicznych korelatów wymiarów wartości rodzinnych; moderacyjnej roli wymiarów wartości rodzinnych w stosunku do zależności pomiędzy wymiarami relacji interpersonalnej a doświadczaniem stresu i depresji. Przestawiona psychologiczna perspektywa wartości rodzinnych okazała się znacząca dla  prawidłowego funkcjonowania człowieka, a także jego otoczenia.
Amazarkan gold deposit: conditions of formation, sources of ore substance (Eastern Transbaikalia)
Authors: Abramov Bair N. , Kalinin Yury A. , Borovikov Andrey A. , Posokhov Viktor F. , Reutsky Vadim N.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The need to clarify the sources and conditions of formation of gold mineralisation of the Amarzakan gold deposit. The characteristic feature of the deposit is the spatial combination of gold mineralisation and small intrusions of the middle and basic composition of the Amudzhikan complex. Aim. Determination of physico-chemical conditions and nature of the source of the ore substance of the Amazarkan deposit. Methods. ICP-MS method and standard chemical analysis were used to determine the elemental composition of rocks. Sulfur isotope composition of sulfides was obtained using gas-source mass-spectrometry and fluid inclusions in quartz of ore veins were studied by traditional methods of thermobarogeochemistry and by FTIR spectroscopy at the Centre for Collective Use of Multi-element and Isotope Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk). The oxygen isotope composition was determined at the Geological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ulan-Ude) using the MIR 10-30 laser heating system with a 100-watt CO2 laser and a wavelength of 10.6 µm in the infrared region in the presence of BrF5 reagent. Results. The authors have established the spatial confinement of ore zones to Mesozoic dikes of the Amudzhikan complex (J2-3). The Eu/Sm and Eu/Eu* ratios in the dikes indicate fractionation of magmatic melts in the sources at the level of the lower continental crust and low degree of their differentiation. The character of REE distribution in the rocks of dikes of the Amudzhikan complex is similar to the distribution of REE in the ores of the deposit. Eu/Sm–Eu/Eu* figurative points of compositions of ore veins and granodiorites of the Amudzhikan complex form a single trend. Dykes of the Amuzhikan complex are characterized by increased Au content from 0.026 to 1.171 g/t. These data suggest a paragenetic link between Au mineralization and rocks of the Amudzhikan complex. Ore veins of productive stages of ore formation were formed at temperatures ranging from 125 to 410°C. The calculated S and O isotopic composition of the ore-forming fluid in equilibrium with pyrite and quartz, as well as the Co/Ni>1 ratio in the ores indicate the presence of a magmatic component in its composition.
Magnetic properties of lake Kandrykul sediments (Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation)
Authors: Kuzina Dilyara M. , Yusupova Anastasiia R. , Nurgalieva Nuriia G. , Nurgaliev Danis K. , Krylov Pavel S. , Mulikova Dinara I.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. It is known that sedimentary deposits in modern lakes with high sedimentation rates contain detailed paleoclimatic, paleobiological, paleoecological and magnetic records. The study of these parameters allow creation of paleoreconstructions and prediction of future climate behavior. Aim. To identify ecological and climatic events and trends during the Late Quaternary, based on magnetic properties of rocks. Some climate-dependent parameters are not properly used, we are showing that magnetic parameters are sensitive indicators of climate change. Object. Sediments of the Lake Kandrykul (Republic of Bashkortostan). Materials and methods. A set of petromagnetic studies was carried out, including measurements of magnetic susceptibility, normal remanent magnetization in external magnetic field of up to 1.5 T, as well as differential thermomagnetic analysis on induced magnetization and scanning electron microscopy on selected samples. Normal magnetization curves were used to set apart dia-/paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic components. Results. Seismoacoustic studies showed that the lake bed is smooth, without sharp changes. The maximum water depth is about 16 m, the thickness of sediments reaches 7.5 m. Magnetic susceptibility was measured for three core columns, and the results show good correlation of this parameter between all the cores. Thermomagnetic analysis was used to determine magnetic minerals composition. The Day–Dunlop plot showed the presence of single, pseudo-single and multidomain grains. The authors determined the contribution of dia/para-, ferro-, and superparamagnetic components to the overall magnetic susceptibility. The paper considers the variations in magnetic susceptibility, para-, ferromagnetic components in the context of the Holocene climate changes. Conclusions. Variations in magnetic properties reflect climate changes (i.e. deposition environment). Six zones with different depositional conditions were distinguished based on magnetic susceptibility and its component changes. Additionally, zones with single-domain particles were highlighted based on hysteresis parameters variations. These zones most likely are associated with the remains of magnetotactic bacteria. Joint analysis of paramagnetic, ferromagnetic susceptibility and hysteresis parameters produced information on the effect of total humidity on the bioproductivity of the lake.
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons of small reservoirs of the Tomsk region
Authors: Chuikina Daria I. , Korol Irina S. , Mukhortina Natalia A. , Kolubaeva Yuliya V.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The assessment of the state of natural waters includes the determination of a number of physico-chemical indicators, on the basis of which various indices and classifications are developed. However, they do not take into account a number of pollutants that have a significant impact on the state of the reservoir, for example, polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The article considers some aspects of determining priority pollutants, which include polyaromatic hydrocarbons, according to environmental hazard criteria: toxicity, carcinogenicity, prevalence, frequency of occurrence, source of origin (anthropogenic or natural). Hydrochemical parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen content, biological oxygen consumption (BPK5), and ion content are taken into account to determine water quality. An attempt was made to assess the impact of polyaromatic hydrocarbons on the ecological state of water bodies and to take into account their contribution to changes in the values of the water pollution index. All these data prove the relevance of the study. Aim. To establish the composition of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the surface waters of small reservoirs of the Tomsk region to assess anthropogenic load and to show the relationship with the indices of natural water quality. Methods. Extraction, liquid adsorption chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, amperometry, titrimetry. Results. Small lakes of the Tomsk region were studied for the content of 13 polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The authors have carried out the identification by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. The total content of polyaromatic compounds in the studied surface water samples varies from 0.37 to 0.54 mcg/l. In the polyaromatic hydrocarbons mixture in aqueous samples, there is an increased content of light 2–3 nuclear polyarenes with better solubility (naphthalene, fluorene and phenanthrene), as well as benz[a]anthracene. The content of inorganic components represented by cations and anions does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. The water pollution index was calculated; all lakes are moderately polluted, closer to polluted. The paper demonstrates the dependence of the water pollution index coefficient on the content of high-molecular polyaromatic hydrocarbons and the ratio of high-molecular to low-molecular polyaromatic hydrocarbons. It is shown that the higher the value of the water pollution index coefficient, the higher the proportion of difficult-to-oxidize components in surface waters.
Integration of geoelectric methods and remote sensing in assessing the environment state in the area of impact of ecologically hazardous objects
Authors: Gusev Andrei P.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The need for comprehensive assessment of environmental components in the zones of ecologically hazardous industrial facilities impact, which enables to operatively identify the spatial structure of technogenic pollution. Aim. Chemical pollution assessment of the geological environment in the zones of industrial objects impact, based on the combined use of remote sensing and ground-based geoelectric methods. Objects. Sources of pollution during the production of mineral fertilizers (phosphogypsum dumps, sulfur storage). Methods. The author has developed a complex of methods, consisting of multispectral space imaging (Sentinel-2 satellite images) and ground-based geoelectric researches: water surface resistivity measurements, natural electric field potential imaging, vertical electrical sounding. According to satellite image data (vegetation indices NDVI, NBR, SWVI), technogenic geosystems modifications are distinguished, characterizing different levels of chemical pollution (TM-1, TM-2 and natural geosystem). Within the modification zones, geoelectrical studies are carried out to assess the depth of contamination. Results. In the zone of phosphogypsum dumps impact, two technogenic modifications were distinguished, with a total area of 83.3 hectares, characterized by a statistically significant decrease in the values of vegetation indices compared to the average level. Based on the results of vertical electrical sounding, it was established that the depth of contamination in the TM-1 zone reaches up to 20 m, in the TM-2 zone – up to 2.5 m. The migration of contaminated substances from the dumps occurs with surface drain. In the zone of impact of the sulfur storage, the area of pollution, specified with vegetation indices, covers two hectares. According to the results of the natural electric field method and vertical electrical sounding, the flow of pollution from the sulfur storage site penetrates into groundwater, which is discharged in the TM-1 zone, causing the death of vegetation. In the TM-2 zone, contamination is registered only in the ground aquifer. The developed set of methods enables to quickly and relatively comprehensively diagnose the state of the undergoing technogenic impacts geological environment.
Negative impact of vibration on process pipelines of a compressor station with electrically driven gas pumping units
Authors: Schreder Alexander S. , Kurasov Oleg A. , Burkov Petr V. , Gavrilin Alexey N. , Ermakov Dmitry V.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. In gas industry, the amount of equipment that has outlived its intended service life is increasing every year. In accordance with the law “On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities,” compressor stations are dangerous objects, the reliable operation of which largely determines the condition of main gas pipelines. Technological pipelines of a compressor station are important objects of this system. They are subject to strict requirements due to the action of static and dynamic loads on them. Reliability of compressor stations is based on the results of a study of the condition of the object and the main factors affecting increased wear of equipment. The solution to wear problem is timely monitoring of equipment, in particular level measurement and determining the causes of pipeline vibrations using vibration diagnostics methods, and frequency and modal analysis methods. Aim. To study the causes of increased dynamic loads on the technological piping that arise during the operation of electric and gas pumping units at a compressor station using vibration monitoring methods. Methods. Vibration monitoring methods to analyze the causes of increased vibration values in the process piping of a compressor station with an electric gas pumping unit. Results and conclusions. The authors have measured vibration in a wide frequency band and assessed the technological condition of the main equipment of the compressor station with EGPA-6.3/8200-56/1.44-R based on the regulatory documentation STO Gazprom 2-2.3-324-2009. The main frequencies of the root-mean-square value of the vibration velocity, at which the highest vibration values were observed, were identified, and a modal analysis was performed using ANSYS software. Based on the results of natural studies and modal analysis, it was concluded about the occurrence of resonant high-frequency oscillations, multiple of the rotor rotation frequency.
Determination of geochemical stability of swamp ecosystems of the taiga zone of Western Siberia to anthropogenic impact
Authors: Savichev Oleg G. , Pasechnik Elena Yu.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The need for scientifically based regulation of impacts on wetland ecosystems taking into account their specificity and geochemical stability. Aim. To determine the geochemical stability of wetlands in the taiga zone of Western Siberia to pollutants for two typical cases associated with: 1) operation of sludge pits; 2) discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater. Methods. Mathematical modeling, statistical methods. Results and conclusions. The authors have carried out the analysis of the results of studies of the chemical composition of wetland waters and extracts from peat and mineral soils of wetlands in the taiga zone of Western Siberia (mainly in the Tomsk region, as well as in the adjacent territories of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Novosibirsk and Omsk regions). They obtained the estimates of the average values of geochemical indicators of wetland waters and peat by the depth of the peat deposit in peat bogs with varying degrees of anthropogenic impact. The paper introduces the method for assessing the anthropogenic impact of wastewater discharge and geomigration on swamps in areas where oil and gas facilities are located (permissible concentrations in wastewater entering swamp ecosystems), taking into account the «geochemical background» and sorption capacity of peat. In particular, the authors substantiated and tested the method for assessing the values of permissible concentrations, which should be considered as a «relatively safe» level of impact on swamp ecosystems, at which secondary pollution of swamp waters is not expected. It is shown that anthropogenic changes are mainly limited vertically by the upper layer of the peat deposit up to 1–2 m, and horizontally (within the active horizon of the peat deposit) – by areas up to 100–200 m.
El crecimiento económico en Colombia
Authors: Vallejo-Zamudio Luis Eudoro
Published: October 2024

En todos los países, los objetivos de política económica son muy importantes. Sin duda, el crecimiento económico tiene mucha trascendencia, debido a que la actividad económica influye en muchos aspectos, entre otros, en la generación de empleo, en la reducción de la pobreza y en los ingresos del Estado. Además, como lo plantea Amartya Sen, aunque el crecimiento no es equivalente al desarrollo económico, sí es un medio para alcanzarlo.
El crecimiento en Colombia ha venido descendiendo, incluso desde antes de la pandemia del coronavirus. En el año 2020 bajó sustancialmente hasta -7,2 %; mientras que, en los años 2021 y 2022, repuntó considerablemente hasta alcanzar tasas del 10,7 y del 7,5 %, respectivamente. En estos dos últimos años, el alto crecimiento se explica, en gran parte, por las políticas monetarias y fiscales expansivas, como también por los favorables términos de intercambio y el aumento de las remesas. Empero, el crecimiento en 2023 fue de apenas 0,6 %.
Riesgo psicológico y desórdenes musculoesqueléticos relacionado con riesgo ocupacional.
Authors: Molano Gomez Lina Maria
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Los trastornos músculo esqueléticos (TME) relacionados con el estrés constituyen uno de los mayores problemas de salud en el mundo; debido al fuerte impacto en las condiciones físicas, psicológicas y funcionales del trabajador la calidad de vida se altera de forma considerable generando un importante costo para el empleador como para el empleado. Objetivo: Evaluar epidemiológicamente los diseños destinados al estudio de la relación entre el estrés psicológico y las enfermedades denominadas como desorden musculo esquelético. Materiales y métodos: Basado en investigación bibliográfica de bases de datos como scopus, publindex, sispro y EBSCOhost se escogen 4 artículos para análisis de un total de 7; como instrumentos de medición se uso el cuestionario nórdico estandarizado, encuestas autoadministradas y el Cornell Muskuloskeletal Discomfort Questionnaires (CMDQ). Resultados: se determina que en el 95 % de los casos presentados en cada estudio existe una vinculación directa entre el estrés psicológico y las enfermedades con trastornos musculo esqueléticos. Se concluye que la patología de mayor incidencia es el trastorno lumbar, siendo la edad un factor de alta prevalencia entre el rango de 50 a 65 años donde hay mayor pérdida de capacidad laboral. Conclusión: Los riesgos psicosociales están directamente asociados a la generación de problemas musculoesqueléticos en la población trabajadora.
Social Assistance and Coping With Crises in Borno, Nigeria
Authors: Diwakar Vidya , Aderniran Adedeji Peter , Nwosu Emmanuel , Obaniyi Fidelis , Udora Chisom
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the relationship between social assistance, violent conflict, and intersecting crises, and considers how social assistance can help offset erosive forms of coping that could otherwise drive poverty and food insecurity. To investigate these issues, the study draws on newly collected household data covering 1,000 survey respondents in 2023 from the Konduga and Maiduguri Municipal Council local government areas in Borno, Nigeria. Borno has been an epicentre for violence over the past 15 years, and has experienced a range of intersecting crises. Study findings indicate that 43 per cent of households experienced disruptions to income or agriculture, or asset loss, either due to conflict, flooding, or drought. Of these households, 41 per cent reported that more than half of their income source was lost. Despite the negative effects of crises, only 1 in 10 households received social assistance in the year preceding the survey, mainly through non-governmental organisations. This indicates that social assistance is simply not getting through to the people who need it. Perhaps as a result, households are increasingly drawing on negative and even erosive forms of coping – for example, by being less able to save, less able to make investments, and increasing reliance on loans that together could drive downward mobility. The paper concludes with broad-brush implications for social assistance programmes to become more effective amidst violence and climate-related disasters.
Global Clean Energy Policy and the Inclusion of Women and Youth
Authors: Cheeseman Kathryn
Published: October 2024

This Clean Energy Brief assesses the available evidence, opportunities, and challenges for the inclusion of women and youth, through micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), for global clean energy policy innovations. In this context, policy innovations are understood to be the actions and instruments which both support low-carbon energy (renewable and non-renewable) transitions, and disincentivise the use of fossil fuels. This is particularly significant where, to date, low-carbon energies have been additions to the global energy mix, rather than replacements for fossil fuels (Bell et al. 2020). The brief was prepared for the Clean Energy for Development: A Call to Action (CEDCA) initiative’s February 2024 learning workshop in Nairobi, funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and hosted by the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) in their knowledge translation role. The initiative generates evidence to inform public policy reform and innovation to support clean energy transitions where women and youth play a key role. This brief is nota systematic review of the available literature; it is instead intended to serve as a discussion point for the researchers working on clean energy for development projects.
K4DD Mpox Health Evidence Summary No 3
Authors: Mujuru Sithandiwe
Published: October 2024

Bi-weekly Mpox Health Evidence Summaries aim to signpost FCDO and others to the latest relevant evidence on Mpox.
Fellow’s brief: Addressing the humanitarian needs of forced rural-to-city migrants in north-west Nigeria with a focus on mental health vulnerability
Authors: Kunnuji Michael , Onitolo Elizabeth , Grant Catherine
Published: October 2024

This brief explores the humanitarian needs of forced rural area-to-city migrants in the north-west of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, with an emphasis on their vulnerability to mental health challenges. The brief presents key considerations in addressing the humanitarian needs and vulnerabilities of the forced migrants. The focus is on people displaced between 2021 and 2024, a period that has witnessed a surge in this form of migration. Calling for action to address the needs of these hitherto underserved internally displaced people (IDPs), the brief is targeted at the Government of Nigeria (especially the National Emergency Management Agency), relevant United Nations agencies (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, United Nations Human Rights Council, UNICEF and International Organization for Migration) and other relevant international and local actors in the humanitarian space in Nigeria.
Digital technologies in linguistic education: Experience of development and implementation
Authors: Riezina Olga , Yarova Larysa
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to share our experience of developing a digital Natural Language Processing Tool and its implementation in the process of training future linguists. In this article, we demonstrate the process of creating the web application SENTIALIZER, which is a multilingual Sentiment Analysis Tool developed with the help of the Python programming language and its libraries NLTK, BS4, TextBlob, Googletrans. The integration of Sentiment Analysis Tools into the educational framework is relied on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as its foundation. The results show that students see the prospects of using Sentiment Analysis Tools in their educational and professional activities, are ready to use them in the future, but are not ready to participate personally in projects to develop and improve such technologies. The reasons for this attitude are discussed. The presented study has a clear focus on student learning outcomes, which is an important criterion for the successful integration of technology into the educational process.
Investigation of the relationship between socioeconomic status and literacy in PISA Türkiye data
Authors: Demir Mehmet Can , Atalay Kabasakal Kübra , Şahin Murat Doğan
Published: October 2024

Previous researchers have identified socioeconomic status as a significant predictor of achievement/literacy. However, it is important to recognize that the influence of socioeconomic status on literacy may vary at different levels of socioeconomic status. Thus, this study analyzes the relationship between socioeconomic status and literacy scores for all domains in PISA Türkiye data from 2003 to 2022 through the Classification and Regression Trees and linear regression methods. Upon examining the results, separate investigations carried out for the lower and upper socioeconomic status groups indicate that R2 values were found to be equal to or greater than .80 in 37 out of the 42 analyses. From 2003 to 2009, the R2 values in both groups were considerably high; however, there has been a notable decline in subsequent periods. The year 2009 demonstrated particularly high R2 values by ESCS in all domains for both upper and lower groups. Consequently, socioeconomic status exhibited a greater predictive power on literacy scores across all domains in the lower socioeconomic group than upper socioeconomic group.
Statistical modelling of cryptocurrencies
Authors: Subramoney Stephanie Danielle , Chinhamu Knowledge , Chifurira Retius
Published: October 2024

There has been tremendous interest invested by researchers and academics in Bitcoin since it's introduction to the financial market. However, in recent years there has been an advancement of the cryptocurrency market where other cryptocurrencies such as Ethereum, Litecoin and Ripple have grown relatively quickly and could potentially challenge the dominant placement of Bitcoin. These cryprocurrencies have been utilized globally as a virtual currency for multiple transactions. The returns of cryptocurrencies are known to be volatile and have been observed to fluctuate quite a bit in recent times. This study assesses and differentiates the performance of generalized autoregressive score (GAS) models integrated with a few heavy-tailed distributions in Value-at-Risk (VaR) estimation of the four most popular cryptocurrencies' returns, i.e. Bitcoin returns, Ethereum returns, Litecoin returns and Ripple returns. This paper proposed VaR models for Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin and Ripple returns, i.e. GAS models combined with the generalized hyperbolic distribution (GHD), the variance gamma (VG) distribution, the normal inverse Gaussian (NIG) distribution and the generalized lambda distribution (GLD). The Kupiec likelihood ratio test was adopted to evaluate the proposed models' adequacy and Backtesting VaR was used to select the superior set of models.
Utilizing the Discrete Heisenberg Group and Laser Systems in RGB Image Encryption
Authors: Elazzaby Fouzia , Sabour Khalid , EL AKKAD Nabil , Zouhairi Bouchta , Kabbaj Samir
Published: October 2024

This study signifies the endpoint of thorough cryptographic experimentation, leading to the creation of an innovative color image encryption scheme. It embodies a fusion of mathematical concepts rooted in both group theory and chaos theory.The novel encryption procedure entails the creation of cube faces, to depict the relative positions of pixels within a given stream, thereby generating six distinct channels. Within our algorithm, each monochromatic layer of an image is independently encrypted using digraph encryption. This involves a technique of rotating the four faces, followed by another rotation to encrypt the second digraph.Subsequently, matrices derived from Heisenberg theory are integrated with the monochromatic layer from the preceding step to fine-tune the image's parameters and introduce blur. Impressively, our approach has yielded promising outcomes across various images and evaluation criteria, demonstrating resilience against differential attacks and statistical analyses. Furthermore, comparative evaluations have highlighted the superiority of our method over existing algorithms.
Improved estimation of the sensitive proportion using a new randomization technique and the Horvitz–Thompson type estimator
Authors: Farokhinia Hadi , Chinipardaz Rahim , Parham Gholamali
Published: October 2024

Randomized response techniques efficiently collect data on sensitive subjects to protect individual privacy. This paper aims to introduce a new randomizing technique in the additive scrambled model so that privacy is well preserved and the estimator's efficiency for the sensitive population proportion is improved. Also, a Horvitz–Thompson type estimator is presented as an unbiased estimator of the sensitive proportion of the population, then convergence to the normal distribution for the Horvitz–Thompson type estimator is considered by the entropy of the inclusion indicators in the Poisson sampling. Eventually, using the new additive scrambled model, the ratio of taking addictive drugs is estimated among students of the University.
Reliability estimation of a multicomponent stress-strength model based on copula function under progressive first failure censoring
Authors: Abuelamayem Ola
Published: October 2024

In reliability analysis of a multicomponent stress-strength model, most studies assumed independence between stress and strength variable. However, this assumption may not be realistic. To account for dependency, copula approach can be used. Although it is important, only few studies considered this case and usually under complete study. Observing the failures for all units may be difficult due to cost and time limitation. Recently, progressive first failure censoring scheme has attracted attention in the literature due to its ability to save time and money. To the best of our knowledge, dependent multicomponent stress-strength model under progressive first failure censoring was not considered yet. In this article, we derived the likelihood function for progressive first failure censored sample under copula and multicomponent stress strength model. A simulation study is performed and a real dataset is analyzed to test the applicability of the model. Maximum likelihood estimates, asymptotic confidence interval and bootstrap confidence intervals are obtained. The results illustrated that the proposed censoring scheme under copula provides a good estimate for the reliability.
A Condition-based Maintenance Policy in Chance Space
Authors: Shahraki Dehsoukhteh Somayyeh , Razmkhah Mostafa
Published: October 2024

A condition-based maintenance policy is considered for a deteriorating system including both of preventive and corrective maintenance actions. The gamma process is used to model stochastic degradation in the probability space. Although, the cost of preventive maintenance is considered as an uncertain variable due to incomplete information, and its distribution is estimated based on the opinions of some experts using the Delphi method. The optimal policy is determined by minimizing the expected cost rate function. Since in this function, there are both random variables discussing in a probability space, and an uncertain variable, which is considered in an uncertain space, we have to study the optimal policy in a chance space which is a combination of probability and uncertain spaces. The proposed methodology is explained in an illustrative example. Finally, the results are applied to a real data set.
Fractal as Julia sets of complex functions via a new generalized viscosity approximation type iterative method
Authors: Ahmad Iqbal , Rizvi Haider
Published: October 2024

In this article, we study and explore novel variants of Julia set patterns that are linked to the complex exponential function $W(z)=pe^{z^n}+qz+r$, and complex cosine function $T(z)=\cos({z^n})+dz+c$, where $n\geq 2$ and $c,d,p,q,r\in \mathbb{C}$ by employing a generalized viscosity approximation type iterative method introduced by Nandal et al. (Iteration process for fixed point problems and zero of maximal monotone operators, Symmetry, 2019) to visualize these sets. We utilize a generalized viscosity approximation type iterative method to derive an escape criterion for visualizing Julia sets. This is achieved by generalizing the existing algorithms, which led to visualization of beautiful fractals as Julia sets. Additionally, we present graphical illustrations of Julia sets to demonstrate their dependence on the iteration parameters. Our study concludes with an analysis of variations in the images and the influence of parameters on the color and appearance of the fractal patterns. Finally, we observe intriguing behaviors of Julia sets with fixed input parameters and varying values of $n$ via proposed algorithms.
Skin Cancer Diagnosis With Multi-Level Classification
Authors: Elbadawy Rania , S. Tawfik BenBella , Amal Zeidan Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Skin cancer arises from the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal skin cells, primarily triggered by exposure to the harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun and the utilization of UV tanning beds. This condition poses a heightened risk due to its potential to progress into blood cancer and lead to rapid fatality. Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to advancing the treatment of this perilous ailment. This paper presents a system designed for the examination and diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions and melanoma.
The system incorporates a supervised classification algorithm that combines Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Deep Neural Network (DNN) architectures with feature extraction techniques. It operates in two distinct stages: the initial stage classifies images into two categories, namely benign or malignant, while the subsequent stage further categorizes the images into one of three classes: basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, or melanoma. Consequently, the comprehensive system addresses four classes, namely benign, basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and melanoma.
This work contributes to the system's design in three significant ways. Firstly, it implements multiple iterations to select the most optimal images, resulting in the highest classification accuracy. Secondly, it employs various statistical methods to identify the most pertinent features, thereby enhancing the classifier's accuracy by focusing on the most informative features for the classification task. Lastly, a two-stage classification approach is implemented, employing two distinct classifiers at different levels within the overall system. Despite the inherent complexity of the real-world problem, the overall system attains a commendable level of classification accuracy.
Following rigorous experimentation, the study identifies the top three models. Each approach culminates in a classifier for each stage. The first approach, utilizing a deep learning classifier, achieves an accuracy of 81.82% in the initial cancer discrimination stage and 58.33% in the subsequent stage. The second approach, employing a machine learning classifier, attains an accuracy of 74.63% in the first stage and 64.41% in the second stage. The third approach, utilizing a linear regression classifier, achieves an accuracy of 98% in the first stage and 90% in the second stage. These results underscore the significance of feature selection in influencing model accuracy and suggest the potential for further optimization.