bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kras Frmilske doline v Krajinskem parku Boč-Donačka gora // Karst of Frmile Valley in the Landscape Park Boč-Donačka Gora
Authors: Bahar Igor
Published: March 2019

V Krajinskem parku Boč-Donačka gora, na vzhodnem robu slovenskega krasa, imamo šolski primer pokrajine v kateri se je zakrasevanje površja »pravkar« pričelo. Ohranjene so oblike iz katerih lahko spoznamo postopni prehod iz rečnega v kraški relief. Frmilska dolina je bila prvotno porečje v nekarbonatnih kamninah, ki pa je zaradi erozije »nasedlo« na karbonatno podlago in se prestavilo v podzemlje. Iz nekdaj enotnega porečja je nastalo 14 aktivnih slepih dolin in 14 zakraselih rečnih dolin brez površinskega vodnega toka. Razčlenjen površinski odtok se nadaljuje v sklenjen podzemni odtok vse do kraških izvirov pri Studeniškem samostanu v dolini Dravinje. Na območju Frmilske doline lahko opazujemo še več rečnih in kraških pojavov: jame, izvire, presihajočo mlako, udorno steno, sufozijske vrtače in požiralnike v nekarbonatnih kamninah, rečne terase in suhe ali fosilne meandre v zakraseli dolini, obvisele doline in spodmole. In the Landscape Park Boč-Donačka Gora (eastern Slovenia), on the eastern edge of the Slovenian karst, we have a textbook example of a territory in which the karstic process has "just" started. There are preserved features, which allow us to understand the transformation from a fluvial landscape to a karstic one. Frmile Valley was originally a river valley in non-carbonate rocks, but due to erosion it became stranded on carbonate rocks. Its waters were mostly transferred to the underground drainage. Fragmentation of the former river valley formed 14 active blind valleys and 14 inactive river valleys that already lost all surface water to the underground drainage. The disconnected surface runoff recharges the same karst aquifer which springs are located at the Studenice Monastery in the Dravinja Valley. In the area of Frmile Valley several fluvial and karstic features can be observed, i.e. caves, springs, a periodic pond, a hill slope collapsed into an underground cave, numerous suffosion dolines and ponors in the non-carbonate rocks, river terraces, dry or fossil meanders in karst valley, hanging valleys, a rock shelter.
Primerjava kulturne pokrajine Hraških listnekov in tamkajšnjega kmetovanja v prvi polovici 19. stoletja in danes // Comparing the cultural landscape of Hraški listneki and farming there in the first half of the nineteenth century and today
Authors: Geršič Matjaž , Gabrovec Matej , Zwitter Žiga
Published: March 2019

Analiziramo območje Hraških listnekov v dnu Ljubljanske kotline, kjer je kulturna pokrajina ohranila v primerjavi z okolico številne elemente, ki so omogočali uspešno kmetovanje v preteklosti (mejice, razgiban relief), danes pa njihovo ohranjanje predstavlja poseben izziv. Z njim se velja soočiti zaradi posebnega ekosistemskega pomena. Primerjava kategorij rabe tal in načinov kmetovanja v zgodnjem 19. in zgodnjem 21. stoletju dokazuje z ekosistemskega vidika pomembne kontinuitete in diskontinuitete. Za ustrezno ohranitev tamkajšnje kulturne pokrajine, bo potrebeno mnogo bolj poglobljeno sodelovanje med kmeti in okoljevarstveniki od dosedanjega. This article analyses the Hraše Leaf Litter Forests (Hraški listneki) at the bottom of the Ljubljana Basin, where, unlike the surrounding area, the cultural landscape has preserved many elements that facilitated farming in the past (hedges between fields and rough terrain), but today their conservation represents a special challenge. This challenge is worth addressing because the area’s ecosystem has special significance. A comparison of land-use categories and forms of farming in the early nineteenth and twenty-first centuries shows important continuities and discontinuities from an ecosystem perspective. Appropriate conservation of this cultural landscape calls for significantly stronger cooperation between farmers and nature conservationists than has taken place to date.
Prostorski vzorec vključevanja slovenskih kmetijskih gospodarstev v ekološko kmetovanje // Spatial pattern of the integration of farm holdings in Slovenia into organic farming
Authors: Travnikar Tanja , Juvančič Luka
Published: March 2019

Študija preverja obstoj učinkov prostorskih prelitij v povezavi z odločanjem kmetijskih gospodarstev v Sloveniji za ekološko pridelavo. V njej preverjamo hipotezo, da na prehod v ekološko pridelavo na nekem območju vpliva razširjenost ekološkega kmetijstva v soseščini. Hipotezo smo preverili z uporabo prostorske ekonometrije, kjer z regresijskimi metodami preverjamo vpliv prenosa informacij iz sosedstva oziroma učinkov prostorskih prelitij. Rezultati prostorskega regresijskega modela, v katerega je bilo vključenih 1976 ekoloških kmetij na 28.088 hektarjev kmetijskih zemljišč potrjujejo, da na odločanje kmetijskih gospodarstev o (pre)usmeritvi v ekološko pridelavo vplivajo tudi odločitve pridelovalcev v soseščini in obratno. The study examines the existence of spatial spillovers in the decision-making process of the conversion of agricultural holdings in Slovenia to organic farming. We tested the hypothesis that the transition to organic agriculture at certain location is influenced by the patterns of the implementation of organic farming in the neighborhood. The hypothesis was verified by the use of spatial econometrics, which is a regression-based method that checks for the influence of the transmission of information from the neighborhood, or the existence of spatial spillovers. The results of the spatial regression model, which included 1,976 organic farms on 28,088 hectares of agricultural land, confirm that the decision of agricultural holdings to engage in organic production is influenced by the decisions of the neighboring agricultural holdings, and vice versa.
Body weight components of Nellore steers finished in tropical pastures
Authors: Almeida Vitor Visitin Silva de , Oliveira Aline Cardoso , Oliveira Hellenn Cardoso , Silva Robério Rodrigues , Lima Júnior Dorgival Morais de
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of supplementation on body weight components of Nellore cattle grazing in Urochloa brizantha. Twenty-four steers with initial body weight (BW) of 371 ± 14 kg and average age of 26 months were used. Four animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment as a reference and the others were distributed in 4 treatments [0.0% (mineral salt), 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% supplement BW]. The slaughter of the experimental group was performed when the animals reached 450 kg and the body weight components were weighed. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. The increase in supplementation level reduced (p < 0.05) pasture dry matter intake, but did not influence (p > 0.05) on empty body weight (EBW) (380.3 kg) and cold carcass weight (CCW) (247.5 kg). The weights of skin, liver, rumen and fat were not influenced (p > 0.05) by supplementation level. The animals gained, on average, 75.3 kg EBW and 50.7 kg CCW, but the treatments did not influence (p > 0.05) the gains of body weight components. The increasing of energetic-protein supplement level for Nellore steers in Urochloa brizantha pasture does not affect carcass and non-carcass components.
Adjusting weight growth curve of male quails Coturnix japonica reared in the semi-arid region of the State of Pernambuco
Authors: Lucena Leandro Ricardo Rodrigues de , Holanda Marco Aurélio Carneiro de , Holanda Mônica Calixto Ribeiro de , Anjos Marcelo Lopes dos
Published: March 2019

This study adjusted different regression models to describe the growth pattern of meat quails from birth to 42 days of age. Data of 300 male quails were used. Weight and height information of all quails were collected weekly from the 1st to the 42nd day of age. Body weight of poultry was subjected to the polynomial, logistic, Gompertz, Weibull, and log-normal regression models. The criteria used to choose the best model to explain the growth curve of quails were the coefficient of determination of the model, Akaike’s information criterion, sum of squared residuals and Willmott’s index. For all the models used, the variables age and height were significant to explain the weight of quails. The polynomial (R² = 99.99%, AIC = 24.68, SSR = 27.5, d = 0.9999) and log-normal (R² = 99.60%, AIC = -17.5, SSR = 107.15, d = 0.9989) models presented the best fit criteria and were recommended to explain the growth of quails.
Sympathetic dysfunction dermatitis in a revascularised upper extremity after near-total amputation – A case report and review of literature
Authors: Dhopte Amol , Patil Surendra , Barde Nitin , Thakre Rupesh , Harsh Shree , Nisal Shailesh
Published: March 2019

Commonly reported complications after revascularisation or replantation of extremity are vascular thrombosis leading to complete or partial failure, bony non-union or malunion, joint stiffness and incomplete or abnormal sensory recovery. Sympathetic dysfunction dermatitis is an unreported complication after revascularisation or replantation surgery which results due to denervation of the extremity. We report a case of a young adult who developed eczematous dermatitis over the revascularised upper limb and discuss the role of sympathetic dysfunction in the development of these skin lesions. The patient was successfully treated with a short course of oral and topical steroids. Sympathetic dysfunction dermatitis is a rare form of skin eruptions occurring in the revascularised or replanted part of an extremity due to abnormal sympathetic function in the affected part.
Accounting for the effects of nonideal minor structures on the optical properties of black carbon aerosols
Authors: Teng Shiwen , Liu Chao , Schnaiter Martin , Chakrabarty Rajan K. , Liu Fengshan
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) aerosol is the strongest
sunlight-absorbing aerosol, and its optical properties are fundamental to
radiative forcing estimations and retrievals of its size and concentration.
BC particles exist as aggregate structures with small monomers and are widely
represented by the idealized fractal aggregate model. In reality, BC
particles possess complex and nonideal minor structures besides the overall
aggregate structure, altering their optical properties in unforeseen ways.
This study introduces the parameter “volume variation” to quantify and
unify different minor structures and develops an empirical relationship to
account for their effects on BC optical properties from those of ideal
aggregates. Minor structures considered are as follows: the polydispersity of
monomer size, the irregularity and coating of the individual monomer, and
necking and overlapping among monomers. The discrete dipole approximation is
used to calculate the optical properties of aggregates with these minor
structures. Minor structures result in scattering cross-section enhancement slightly more than that
of absorption cross section, and their effects on the angle-dependent phase matrix as well as asymmetry factor are negligible.
As expected, the effects become weaker with the increase in wavelength. Our results suggest that a correction ratio of 1.05 is
necessary to account for the mass or volume normalized absorption and
scattering of nonideal aggregates in comparison to ideal ones, which also
applies to aggregates with multiple minor structures. In other words, the
effects of minor structures are mainly contributed by their influence on
particle volume/mass that cannot be ignored, and a relative difference of
approximately 5 % is noticed after removing the volume effects. Thus,
accurate knowledge and evaluation of BC volume/mass are more important than
those of the minor structures themselves. Most importantly, the simulations
of optical properties of nonideal aggregates are greatly simplified by
applying the empirical relationship because they can be directly obtained
from those of the corresponding ideal aggregates, a volume/mass difference
parameter, and the correction factor, i.e., 1.05, not the detailed minor
structure information. We expect this convenient treatment to find wide
applications for the accounting for the effects of nonideal minor structures
on BC optical properties.
Application of the Fengyun 3 C GNSS occultation sounder for assessing the global ionospheric response to a magnetic storm event
Authors: Bai Weihua , Wang Guojun , Sun Yueqiang , Shi Jiankui , Yang Guanglin , Meng Xiangguang , Wang Dongwei , Du Qifei , Wang Xianyi , Xia Junming , Cai Yuerong , Liu Congliang , Li Wei , Wu Chunjun , Zhao Danyang , Wu Di , Liu Cheng
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The rapid advancement of global
navigation satellite system (GNSS) occultation technology in recent years has
made it one of the most advanced space-based remote sensing technologies of
the 21st century. GNSS radio occultation has many advantages, including
all-weather operation, global coverage, high vertical resolution, high
precision, long-term stability, and self-calibration. Data products from GNSS
occultation sounding can greatly enhance ionospheric observations and
contribute to space weather monitoring, forecasting, modeling, and research.
In this study, GNSS occultation sounder (GNOS) results from a radio
occultation sounding payload aboard the Fengyun 3 C (FY3-C) satellite were
compared with ground-based ionosonde observations. Correlation coefficients
for peak electron density (NmF2) derived from GNOS Global Position System
(GPS) and Beidou navigation system (BDS) products with ionosonde data were
higher than 0.9, and standard deviations were less than 20 %. Global
ionospheric effects of the strong magnetic storm event in March 2015 were
analyzed using GNOS results supported by ionosonde observations. The magnetic
storm caused a significant disturbance in NmF2 level. Suppressed daytime and
nighttime NmF2 levels indicated mainly negative storm conditions. In two
longitude section zones of geomagnetic inclination between 40 and
80∘, the results of average NmF2 observed by GNOS and ground-based
ionosondes showed the same basic trends during the geomagnetic storm and
confirmed the negative effect of this storm event on the ionosphere. The
analysis demonstrates the reliability of the GNSS radio occultation sounding
instrument GNOS aboard the FY3-C satellite and confirms the utility of
ionosphere products from GNOS for statistical and event-specific ionospheric
physical analyses. Future FY3 series satellites and increasing numbers of
Beidou navigation satellites will provide increasing GNOS occultation data on
the ionosphere, which will contribute to ionosphere research and forecasting
applications.
The impact of improved aerosol priors on near-infrared measurements of carbon dioxide
Authors: Nelson Robert R. , O'Dell Christopher W.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) was launched in 2014 with the goal
of measuring the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of carbon dioxide
(XCO2) with sufficient precision and accuracy to
infer regional carbon sources and sinks. One of the primary sources of error
in near-infrared measurements of XCO2 is the
scattering effects of cloud and aerosol layers. In this work, we study the
impact of ingesting better informed aerosol priors from the Goddard Earth
Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) into the OCO-2 ACOS V8 retrieval
algorithm with the objective of reducing the error in
XCO2 from real measurements. Multiple levels of
both aerosol setup complexity and uncertainty on the aerosol priors were
tested, ranging from a mostly unconstrained aerosol optical depth (AOD) setup
to ingesting full aerosol profiles with high confidence. We find that using
co-located GEOS-5 aerosol types and AODs with low uncertainty results in a
small improvement in the retrieved XCO2 against
the Total Carbon Column Observing Network relative to V8. In contrast,
attempting to use modeled vertical information in the aerosol prior to
improve the XCO2 retrieval generally gives poor
results, as aerosol models struggle with the vertical placement of aerosol
layers. To assess regional differences in XCO2,
we compare our results to a global CO2 model validation suite. We
find that the GEOS-5 setup performs better than V8 over northern Africa and
central Asia, with the standard deviation of the
XCO2 error reduced from 2.12 to 1.83 ppm, due
to a combination of smaller prior AODs and lower prior uncertainty. In
general, the use of better informed aerosol priors shows promise but may be
restricted by the current accuracy of aerosol models.
Year-round stratospheric aerosol backscatter ratios calculated from
lidar measurements above Northern Norway
Authors: Brand Arvid , Baumgarten Gerd , Fiedler Jens , Lübken Franz-Josef , von Savigny Christian , Zalach Jacob
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In this work, the processing of a year-round stratospheric sulphate aerosol (SSA) dataset from day- and nighttime lidar measurements is presented. The SSA layer is of fundamental importance for the radiative balance of the atmosphere. The layer is found at altitudes between the tropopause and about 30 km. We use a state of the art Doppler Rayleigh-Mie-Raman lidar at the ALOMAR research station located in Northern Norway (69° N, 16° E) to observe the aerosol layer and derive microphysical properties. The lidar allows the investigation of SSA from small spatial and temporal scales to decadal variations. The aerosol backscatter ratio is derived by using a multi-wavelength approach and different scattering processes. Here we introduce a method for the extension of the dataset throughout the summer where measurements have to be performed under permanent daytime conditions. We calculate backscatter ratios from color ratios of elastic scattered light at the wavelengths 355, 532 and 1064 nm. These color ratios are corrected using an average backscatter ratio profile at 355 nm from the years 2000 to 2018. Thereby, we are able to extend the dataset from 2883 hours of nighttime data to 7273 hours of total data time between 2000 and 2018.
Assessing inter-annual and seasonal patterns of DOC and DOM quality across a complex alpine watershed underlain by discontinuous permafrost in Yukon, Canada
Authors: Shatilla Nadine J. , Carey Sean
Published: March 2019

Abstract. High latitude environments store approximately half of the global organic carbon pool in peatlands, organic soils and permafrost while large arctic rivers convey an estimated 18–50 Tg C a−1 to the Arctic Ocean. Warming trends associated with climate change affect dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export from terrestrial to riverine environments. However, there is limited consensus as to whether exports will increase or decrease due to complex interactions between climate, soils, vegetation, and associated production, mobilization and transport processes. A large body of research has focused on large river system DOC and DOM lability and observed trends conserved across years, whereas investigation at smaller watershed scales show that thermokarst and fire have a transient impact on hydrologically-mediated solute transport. This study, located in the Wolf Creek Research Basin situated ~ 20 km south of Whitehorse, YT, Canada, utilises a nested design to assess seasonal and annual patterns of DOC and DOM composition across diverse landscape types (headwater, wetland, lake) and watershed scales. Peak DOC concentration and export occurred during freshet per most northern watersheds, however, peaks were lower than a decade ago at the headwater site Granger Creek. DOM composition was most variable during freshet with high A254, SUVA254 and low FI and BIX. DOM composition was relatively insensitive to flow variation during summer and fall. The influence of increasing watershed scale and downstream mixing of landscape contributions was an overall dampening of DOC concentrations and optical indices with increasing groundwater contribution. Forecasted vegetation shifts, permafrost thaw and other changes due to climate change may alter DOM sources from predominantly organic soils to decomposing vegetation, and facilitate transport through deeper flow pathways with an enhanced groundwater role.
Hydrological trade-offs due to different land covers and land uses in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Anache Jamil A. A. , Wendland Edson , Rosalem Lívia M. P. , Youlton Cristian , Oliveira Paulo T. S.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Farmland expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado, considered one of the largest
agricultural frontiers in the world, has the potential to alter water fluxes
on different spatial scales. Despite some large-scale studies being
developed, there are still few investigations in experimental sites in this
region. Here, we investigate the water balance components in experimental
plots and the groundwater table fluctuation in different land covers: wooded
Cerrado, sugarcane, pasture and bare soil. Furthermore, we identify possible
water balance trade-offs due to the different land covers. This study was
developed between 2012 and 2016 in the central region of the state of São
Paulo in southern Brazil. Hydrometeorological variables, groundwater table,
surface runoff and other water balance components were monitored inside
experimental plots containing different land covers; the datasets were
analyzed using statistical parameters; and the water balance components
uncertainties were computed. Replacing wooded Cerrado by pastureland and
sugarcane shifts the overland flow (up to 42 mm yr−1) and the water
balance residual (up to 504 mm yr−1) and may affect groundwater table
behavior. This fact suggests significant changes in the water partitioning in
a transient land cover and land use (LCLU) system, as the evapotranspiration
is lower (up to 719 mm yr−1) in agricultural land covers than in the
undisturbed Cerrado. We recommend long-term observations for continuing the
evaluations initiated in this study, mainly because there are few basic studies on tropical environments
at the hillslope scale and more assessments are needed
for a better understanding of the real field conditions. Such efforts should
be made to reduce uncertainties, validate the water balance hypothesis and
catch the variability of hydrological processes.
Climate influences on flood probabilities across Europe
Authors: Steirou Eva , Gerlitz Lars , Apel Heiko , Sun Xun , Merz Bruno
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The link between streamflow extremes and climatology has been widely studied
in recent decades. However, a study investigating the effect of large-scale
circulation variations on the distribution of seasonal discharge extremes at
the European level is missing. Here we fit a climate-informed generalized
extreme value (GEV) distribution to about 600 streamflow records in Europe
for each of the standard seasons, i.e., to winter, spring, summer and autumn
maxima, and compare it with the classical GEV distribution with parameters
invariant in time. The study adopts a Bayesian framework and covers the
period 1950 to 2016. Five indices with proven influence on the European
climate are examined independently as covariates, namely the North Atlantic
Oscillation (NAO), the east Atlantic pattern (EA), the east Atlantic–western
Russian pattern (EA/WR), the Scandinavia pattern (SCA) and the
polar–Eurasian pattern (POL). It is found that for a high percentage of stations the climate-informed
model is preferred to the classical model. Particularly for NAO during
winter, a strong influence on streamflow extremes is detected for large
parts of Europe (preferred to the classical GEV distribution for 46 % of the stations).
Climate-informed fits are characterized by spatial coherence and form
patterns that resemble relations between the climate indices and seasonal
precipitation, suggesting a prominent role of the considered circulation
modes for flood generation. For certain regions, such as northwestern
Scandinavia and the British Isles, yearly variations of the mean seasonal
climate indices result in considerably different extreme value distributions
and thus in highly different flood estimates for individual years that can
also persist for longer time periods.
Calibrating a new attenuation curve for the Dead Sea region using surface wave dispersion surveys in sites damaged by the 1927 Jericho earthquake
Authors: Darvasi Yaniv , Agnon Amotz
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Instrumental strong motion data are not common around the Dead
Sea region. Therefore, calibrating a new attenuation equation is a
considerable challenge. However, the Holy Land has a remarkable historical
archive, attesting to numerous regional and local earthquakes. Combining the
historical record with new seismic measurements will improve the regional
equation. On 11 July 1927, a rupture, in the crust in proximity to the northern Dead
Sea, generated a moderate 6.2 ML earthquake. Up to 500 people
were killed, and extensive destruction was recorded, even as far as 150 km
from the focus. We consider local near-surface properties, in
particular, the shear-wave velocity, as an amplification factor. Where the
shear-wave velocity is low, the seismic intensity far from the focus would
likely be greater than expected from a standard attenuation curve. In this
work, we used the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method to
estimate seismic wave velocity at anomalous sites in Israel in order to
calibrate a new attenuation equation for the Dead Sea region. Our new attenuation equation contains a term which quantifies only
lithological effects, while factors such as building quality, foundation
depth, topography, earthquake directivity, type of fault, etc. remain out
of our scope. Nonetheless, about 60 % of the measured anomalous sites fit
expectations; therefore, this new ground-motion prediction
equation (GMPE) is statistically better than the old
ones. From our local point of view, this is the first time that integration of the
1927 historical data and modern shear-wave velocity profile measurements
improved the attenuation equation (sometimes referred to as the attenuation
relation) for the Dead Sea region. In the wider context, regions of
low-to-moderate seismicity should use macroseismic earthquake data, together
with modern measurements, in order to better estimate the peak ground
acceleration or the seismic intensities to be caused by future earthquakes.
This integration will conceivably lead to a better mitigation of damage from
future earthquakes and should improve maps of seismic hazard.
Aspectos lingüísticos del chino en su traducción del español. Un estudio a partir de El Quijote
Authors: Wang Jinwei
Published: March 2019

En el presente trabajo, llevado a cabo a partir del corpus de El Quijote, compuesto por el textode origen en español y sus seis diferentes versiones de traducción en chino, y del corpus CLCC, formadopor textos literarios actuales, se describen y analizan elementos generales del chino como lengua traducidaen traducciones del español a este idioma. Además, se presta atención al hecho de que varios aspectos delchino, como lengua traducida, presentan características peculiares si se comparan con el chino como lenguameta. Así, en el plano morfológico, la densidad léxica es menor, mientras que la frecuencia acumulada delemas más habituales es mayor. Por lo que se refiere al plano sintáctico, debido al texto de origen enespañol, el chino como lengua traducida se caracteriza por usar oraciones más largas, lo cual no está enconsonancia con la simplificación de la teoría universal de la traducción.
Adaptación y uso de los extranjerismos en de la 23.ª edición del 'Diccionario de la lengua española'
Authors: Giménez Folqués David
Published: March 2019

Esta investigación estudia la recogida y adaptación de extranjerismos por parte de la 23.ª edición del Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española. En concreto, realizaremos un estudio comparativo entre la inclusión y adaptación que se realizó, en el año 2005, en el Diccionario panhispánico de dudas y la posterior inclusión o exclusión de estas voces en la última versión del Diccionario. La inserción de estas adaptaciones en el Diccionario supondría, teóricamente, la integración de estas voces en la lengua española. Para comprobar hasta qué punto esta integración es real, cotejaremos la aparición de estos extranjerismos adaptados en el CORPES, corpus de referencia actual de la lengua española, que nos ayudará a orientar mejor nuestros resultados.
Usos lingüísticos y formación en lengua y cultura de origen. ¿Una herramienta de integración socioeducativa?
Authors: Lapresta-Rey Cecilio , Caballé Ester , Huguet Ángel , Janés Judit
Published: March 2019

Unos equilibrados usos lingüísticos por parte de los descendientes de migrados son unelemento clave de cara a su integración actual y futura. En este sentido, existe una corriente teóricaque postula que un mayor grado de integración de estos jóvenes, revierte en un mayor conocimientode las lenguas, unas más favorables actitudes y unos usos más equilibrados. Este mayor grado deintegración es más fácil de alcanzar si se capitalizan las lenguas y culturas de origen, siendo una delas más efectivas vías la posibilidad de recibir formación de ellas. Centrados en Cataluña, laEducación Secundaria Obligatoria y el colectivo rumano, el presente artículo analiza los usos delcatalán y del castellano en los ámbitos educativo y comunitario, en función de si se recibe o noformación de lengua y cultura de origen. Los resultados son fruto de la aplicación de un cuestionariosociolingüístico a un total de 131 jóvenes, que constituyen la totalidad de los que asisten al programa“Lengua, Cultura y Civilización Rumana” (20) y un grupo control que no lo hace (111). Losprincipales resultados muestran la influencia de recibir formación en lengua y cultura propia. En casode los estudiantes que lo hacen, los usos lingüísticos son más equilibrados y utilizar una lengua no vaen detrimento del uso de la otra. Lo contrario ocurre con los que no asisten al programa. Lasprincipales conclusiones apuntan a que se debe incidir en medidas de este tipo, aunque no se debenolvidar otras acciones complementarias.
Mechanisms of communicative control (and resistance): Carceral incorporations of ICT and communication policies for physical mail
Authors: Austin Jeanie
Published: March 2019

The communication practices of people inside of United States carceral institutions has long been of interest to individuals with the power to police, surveil, and punish. Communications policies in jails and prisons reflect this impetus. Previous research on communications policies in carceral institutions approached the topic from an ideology that embraced the supposed normative functioning of the carceral institution and did not incorporate the role of ICTs as surveillance technologies implanted in carceral settings. Using the Wayback Machine as a means to review changes in formal and informal publicly available policies related to communication, this research examines three carceral sites to illustrate how increasing use of ICTs may shape policies for physical communications. The research reveals that the increasing use of ICTs is shared across the local, state, and federal levels, that physical correspondence may be more limited in high ICT carceral environments, that ICTs for communication often market themselves as an extension of surveillance, and that the incorporation of ICTs into communication policies blurs the line between private and public carceral practices.
Great Expectations and the Evolution of Women
Authors: O'Malley Rose Patricia
Published: March 2019

Seen through an evolutionary framework, Estella from Great Expectations's counterintuitive romantic and reproductive decisions indicate Dickens's understanding of the space for individual female agency within a Darwinian environment. Critics have argued that her apparent lack of warmth and childless, violent first marriage signals the character's status as a biological failure, either due to her criminal birth parents or twisted upbringing by Miss Havisham, both of which can be understood in evolutionary terms. However, Estella's choice to pursue a path away from motherhood is not portrayed by Dicken as less “natural” or a problem to be diagnosed, but rather the deliberate actions of a figure with her own agenda, who must negotiate her biological drives as well as her own desires in pursuing her future. Dickens also explores other opportunities for feminine agency through the character of Biddy's educational labor and eventual marriage. His novel therefore portrays a more optimistic Darwinian environment, especially for women, than many of his contemporaries.
Life in Dead Things: Unreading Memorials in Thomas Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles
Authors: Clarke Julia M.
Published: March 2019

Victorian literature contains many explorations of not just death as an event, but the particularity, idiosyncrasy, and meaning behind material acts of mourning. However, the significance and proliferation of characters in novels misreading or misinterpreting death objects has been left largely unexplored. This article looks at moments of misreading death objects—a repurposed marmalade jar filled with flowers, Tess's deceased father's epitaph, the d'Urberville tombs, Stonehenge—in Thomas Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles in order to show intriguing vicissitudes of memorials and death objects. Though the Victorian reading public deems Tess morally repugnant, Hardy insists on calling her a “pure woman” in the novel's subtitle. A central project of Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles is to reveal the nuances of what it means to be a nineteenth-century woman on the cusp of the modern age: one who would theoretically expand options for women in terms of career, lifestyle, and sexuality. Moments of misreading death objects in Tess of the D'Urbervilles expose the central issue Hardy presents: declaring the humanity of a so-called fallen woman.
Interned for the Duration of the War: St. Louis Public Library Censorship during World War I
Authors: Schaefer Michael
Published: March 2019

Like most public libraries in the United States during the First World War, the St. Louis (Missouri) Public Library (SLPL) removed literature from its collection that some considered “disloyal” or “pro-German propaganda.” Library historians have drawn a broad, national picture of this practice, but this study examines at a local level what was censored at SLPL, when censorship occurred relative to other public libraries, and what forces might have influenced SLPL's librarian to temporarily remove items from public access. To answer the later question, the author examines the social sphere of SLPL's librarian, Arthur E. Bostwick: the SLPL's Board of Directors, his neighborhood, and the social organizations to which he belonged. This study reveals the extent to which the SLPL librarian and board were interwoven within a broader wealthy and powerful decision-making class financially invested in Allied success and responsible for insuring St. Louisans' loyalty to the war effort. It also reveals just how little is known about which titles were removed, when they were removed, and when they again became accessible to the public.
Corporate Governance: An Overview. From Creation of Value for Shareholders by the Board to the Duality Role of Its Chairperson
Authors: Sayumwe Michel
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we discuss the evolution of the literature on corporate governance based on many theoretical perspectives, including agency theory, stakeholder theory, theory of resource dependence and stewardship theory.
Charlie Hebdo: Consciência histórica sobre intolerância religiosa de estudantes de Goiânia
Authors: Silva Maria Da Conceição , Teixeira Enelice Milhomem Jacobina
Published: March 2019

A presente pesquisa analisa o sentido da intolerância religiosa a partir de estudos sobre o atentado ao Semanário Charlie Hebdo, ocorrido em janeiro de 2015, na cidade de Paris. As fontes investigadas foram as narrativas de estudantes de uma Escola da Secretaria Municipal de Educação em Goiânia, coletadas entre 2015 e 2017, por meio de instrumental de investigação, que teve como objetivo indagar a postura, contrária e favorável, dos estudantes aos terroristas ou aos cartunistas. O aporte teórico desenvolvido pela educação histórica possibilitou fazer intervenções para o aprofundamento de estudos sobre intolerância. Após as intervenções, aplicamos o instrumental de investigação pela segunda vez, a fim de verificarmos se houve alterações nas aprendizagens. Identificamos pouco avanço em relação à postura dos estudantes sobre a liberdade de expressão de religiosos e não religiosos. Fizemos uma terceira intervenção, com questões relacionadas ao motivo das charges serem ofensivas à religião Islâmica e a explicação sobre o que é intolerância religiosa na atualidade. Percebemos nessas narrativas a existência de alterações; alguns estudantes demonstraram mudança na consciência histórica para uma orientação crítica e genética.
Estudos sociais para crianças numa democracia: prescrições didáticas para o ensino de história sob o prisma norte-americano
Authors: Soares Elisiane Da Silva , Rela Eliana
Published: March 2019

Este texto analisa o manual Estudos Sociais para crianças numa democracia, com enfoque em sua materialidade e conteúdo. A obra foi originalmente publicada em 1956, por John U. Michaelis, Professor da Escola de Educação da Universidade de Berkeley, Califórnia. No Brasil, a disciplina de Estudos Sociais tornou-se obrigatória no Ensino Básico e no Ensino Superior a partir de 1967. Em 1969, foi, então, implantado o curso de Estudos Sociais na UCS, que utiliza o manual de Michaelis como referência. O livro apresenta prescrições aos professores que desejam “melhorar a educação social das crianças” e seu tema central é a defesa de que “os valores e o comportamento democráticos devem impregnar todas as fases do programa de estudos sociais”. A bibliografia desta análise inclui Goodson, Saviani e Bittencourt, além de fontes referentes à implantação do curso de Estudos Sociais na UCS. O objetivo desta discussão é analisar o manual para além do seu conteúdo escrito, abordando, também, a comunicação possibilitada por seus elementos visuais. Evidencia-se a importância de leituras como esta por possibilitar que o material deixe de ser apenas um recurso pedagógico e didático, e passe a ser, também, um discurso sobre ensino de História, datado e contextualizado.
A banda desenhada histórica como um recurso pedagógico no ensino da História
Authors: Cardoso Tiago , Solé Glória Santos
Published: March 2019

Neste trabalho apresentamos um estudo desenvolvida com alunos do 4.º ano de escolaridade (9-10 anos) de uma escola urbana of Northern Portugal, em que se pretendeu que os alunos desenvolvessem aprendizagens significativas em História, numa perspetiva construtivista, através do modelo de aula-oficina, com recurso à exploração de Bandas Desenhadas Históricas (BDs) com perspetivas diferentes, relacionadas com a temática da “Expansão Marítima Portuguesa- a chegada ao Brasil”. A partir deste modelo pedagógica, pretendeu-se dar resposta às questões de investigação: “Que conhecimento histórico os alunos extraem de uma Banda Desenhada?” e “Que conhecimento histórico os alunos aplicam na construção de uma Banda Desenhada?”. A análise dos dados recolhidos permitiu-nos concluir que a utilização de Banda Desenhada Histórica contribuiu para o desenvolvimento da compreensão histórica nos alunos e promoveu o desenvolvimento de várias competências específicas em História, como a leitura e interpretação de fontes diversas e com mensagens divergentes, bem como competências transversais, ao nível da comunicação (área do Português e das Expressões).
Um agente do Império brasileiro em Londres: William Henry Clark e o fim da política da escravidão saquarema
Authors: Ré Henrique Antonio
Published: March 2019

Em meados da década de 1860, depois dos episódios relativos à “Questão Christie” e do subsequente rompimento das relações diplomáticas entre Brasil e Grã-Bretanha, agentes do Império brasileiro atuaram internacionalmente para reduzir as hostilidades antiescravistas britânicas dirigidas ao Brasil e pedir a revogação da Lei Aberdeen, ainda em vigor nos statute books britânicos. No âmbito interno, a ascensão dos liberais ao poder e seu comprometimento com a adoção de medidas antiescravistas ajudou nessa negociação. Antes que essas medidas fossem oficialmente discutidas no Brasil, houve esforços internacionais para angariar o apoio britânico a elas. Os escritos de William Henry Clark são documentos privilegiados desses esforços.
"Arribadas maliciosas": redes no comércio de contrabando no porto de Buenos Aires, inícios do séc. XVII
Authors: Ribeiro Fernando Victor Aguiar
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo propõe compreender as redes dos comerciantes em Buenos Aires do século XVII a partir de uma nova interpretação. O comércio irregular, que fugia às normas de monopólio defendidas pela legislação espanhola, foi estruturante para a consolidação da atividade econômica no porto platino. A historiografia sobre a temática concentrou-se no debate em torno da legalidade e ilegalidade dessas práticas comerciais e, em consequência, abordou a prática dos governadores, agentes do poder régio, como elementos de repressão e combate do que se nomeou como contrabando. A ideia desse artigo é mapear as relações entre os agentes ligados ao comércio irregular em Buenos Aires em meados do século XVII. Para tanto coletamos as relações compiladas no Proceso Grande, ação jurídica iniciada pelo governador Hernandarias de Saavedra visando denunciar os agentes portenhos ligados ao comércio irregular. Esse processo gerou uma centena de páginas e que descreviam as práticas comerciais e arrolava os comerciantes envolvidos na atividade. A partir dessa rica documentação procuramos estabelecer as conexões da rede comercial, seguindo a divisão das duas facções que disputavam o comércio. Com isso, pudemos espacializar as relações de rede comerciais, romper a ideia de que Hernandarias combatera o contrabando e esmiuçar as dinâmicas das relações comerciais e familiares de ambos os grupos, elementos fundamentais que estruturavam sociedades de Antigo Regime.
Factors Influencing Prescribing Decisions Among Primary Health Care Physicians in Al-Buraimi Governorate, Oman
Authors: Al Shamsi Hilal Salim , Al Kalbani Talib Salim , Almutairi Abdullah Ghthaith , Al Mashrafi Sulaiman Salim
Published: March 2019

Prescribing plays a major role in the activities practiced by physicians. The vast majority of health care consultations occur in the primary health care (PHC) system, where medication errors are more likely and can even be potentially life threatening. The goal of this study is to explore the factors affecting prescribing decisions among physicians working in PHC institutions in Al-Buraimi Governorate, Oman using a cross-sectional survey. Of the 53 physicians who received the questionnaire, 41 (77.4%) completed it. The Cronbach's alpha of the instrument was 0.913. The main patient factors that influenced prescribing decisions were age group (78%), gender (75.6%), and medication preference or untruthful patients (70.7%). The main physician factors were the lack of treatment alternatives (70.7%), doctor–patient relationship (68.3%), strict policies and guidelines (65.9%) and avoiding problems of drug unavailability (65.9%). The pharmacist influenced prescribing decisions for 36.6% of physicians. The methods used for keeping physician s’ medical knowledge up to date were private reading and the Internet (87.8% and 80.5%, respectively). Sources of prescribing guidance were colleagues and evidenced-based medicine websites (78.0% and 70.7%, respectively). The current study sheds some light on the factors and behaviours that influence physician prescribing decisions in PHCs in Al-Buraimi Governorate, Oman. Additionally, this study could be used for developing policies to improve drug selections and to increase clinical and economic effectiveness and efficiency.
Rizobacteria Isolated in the Amazon and Its Influence on the Growth of Guarana Seedlings
Authors: Gama Lais Alves da , Pinto Karla Gabrielle Dutra , Leite Bruna Nogueira , Gonçalves Gerlandio Suassuna , Pereira José Odair , Silva José Ferreira da , Albertino Sônia Maria Figueiredo
Published: March 2019

Guarana (Paullinia cupana var. Sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke) is a species native from Amazon which has high caffeine concentration. The interactions between guarana and microorganisms in Amazonian soils need to be investigated, especially in relation to the seedling production process, due to its beneficial relationships such as biosynthesis and the supply of stimulating substances, which may result in shortening of the nursery garden or increased productivity. Thus, this research had the objective of evaluating the potential of growth caused by rhizobacteria (Burkholderia ambifaria and Bacillus sp.) in rooting of guarana seedlings. The root length, volume, dry matter of the aerial part, height, number of leaves, leaf area and dry matter of shoot were evaluated at 180 days after planting emergence. Were also determined the carbohydrate and proline content of the aerial part. The rhizobacteria did not influence the growth of the seedlings, however, the carbohydrate contents were higher when the inoculation of the rhizobacteria was carried out with the Burkholderia ambifaria bacteria in the cultivar BRS-Amazonas, with the best results. The proline levels were higher in the control treatment of the two cultivars.
Heritability and Combining Ability Studies in Strawberry Population
Authors: Vieira Sylvia D. , Araujo Ana L. R. , Souza Douglas C. , Resende Luciane V. , Leite Monik E. , Resende Juliano T. V.
Published: March 2019

The most efficient breeding strategies in crop improvement is the selection based on heritability and combing ability estimates for the traits of economic importance or commercial value. Therefore, the present study was to obtain estimates of heritability and to estimate the phenotypic and genotypic correlations among the characteristics of interest. The commercial cultivars ‘Aromas’, ‘Camarosa’, ‘Dover’, ‘Festival Flórida’, ‘Oso Grande’, ‘Sweet Charlie’ and ‘Milsei-Tudla’, and 103 F1 hybrids from the crossbreeding experiments were evaluated for four traits of commercial fruit yield and 13 traits of fruit physical and chemical quality. The estimated genetic parameters were general combining ability, specific combining ability, genotypic correlation among traits, estimates of heritability, genetic and phenotypic variance. The ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Aromas’ cultivars were the most promising cultivars for use as parents in the commercial fruit production, while ‘Dover’ and ‘Sweet Charlie’ cultivars were selected for taste of fruit in strawberry breeding, as they showed higher concentrations of favorable alleles in the F1 hybrid population. It was also verified some strong genetic correlations for some pairs of characteristics in the present study that may allow indirect selection. The estimation of these parameters is an important basis for decision making on the genetic engineering of strawberry.