bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection and Tracking of Carbon Biomes via Integrated Machine Learning
Authors: Mohanty Sweety , Patara Lavinia , Kazempour Daniyal , Kröger Peer
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In the framework of a changing climate, it is useful to devise methods capable of effectively assessing and monitoring the changing landscape of air-sea CO2 fluxes. In this study, we developed an integrated machine learning tool to objectively classify and track marine carbon biomes under seasonally and interannually changing environmental conditions. The tool was applied to the monthly output of a global ocean biogeochemistry model at 0.25° resolution run under atmospheric forcing for the period 1958–2018. Carbon biomes are defined as regions having consistent relations between surface CO2 fugacity (fCO2) and its main drivers (temperature, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity). We detected carbon biomes by using an agglomerative hierarchical clustering (HC) methodology applied to spatial target-driver relationships, whereby a novel adaptive approach to cut the HC dendrogram based on the compactness and similarity of the clusters was employed. Based only on the spatial variability of the target-driver relationships and with no prior knowledge on the cluster location, we were able to detect well-defined and geographically meaningful carbon biomes. A deep learning model was constructed to track the seasonal and interannual evolution of the carbon biomes, wherein a feed-forward neural network was trained to assign labels to detected biomes. We find that the area covered by the carbon biomes responds robustly to seasonal variations in environmental conditions. A seasonal alternation between different biomes is observed over the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Long-term trends in biome coverage over the 1958–2018 period, namely a 10 % expansion of the subtropical biome in the North Atlantic and a 10 % expansion of the subpolar biome in the Southern Ocean, are suggestive of long-term climate shifts. Our approach thus provides a framework that can facilitate the monitoring of the impacts of climate change on the ocean carbon cycle and the evaluation of carbon cycle projections across Earth System Models.
Modelling Current and Future Forest Fire Susceptibility in north-east Germany
Authors: Horn Katharina Heike , Vulova Stenka , Li Hanyu , Kleinschmit Birgit
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Preventing and fighting forest fires has been a challenge worldwide in recent decades. Forest fires alter forest structure and composition, threaten people’s livelihoods, and lead to economic losses, as well as soil erosion and desertification. Climate change and related drought events, paired with anthropogenic activities, have magnified the intensity and frequency of forest fires. It is crucial to identify the conditions that cause the emergence and spread of forest fires to improve prevention and management. We applied Random Forest (RF) machine learning (ML) algorithm to model current and future forest fire susceptibility (FFS) in the federal state of Brandenburg (Germany) using topographic, climatic, anthropogenic, soil, and vegetation predictors. FFS was modelled at a spatial resolution of 50 metres for current (2014–2022) and future scenarios (2081–2100) considering different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP3.70 and SSP5.85). Model accuracy ranged between 69 % (RFtest) and 71 % (LOYO), showing a moderately high model reliability for predicting FFS. The model results underscore the importance of anthropogenic parameters and vegetation parameters in modelling FFS on a regional level. This study will allow forest managers and environmental planners to better identify areas, which are most susceptible to forest fires, enhancing warning systems and prevention measures.
Generalized stability landscape of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Willeit Matteo , Ganopolski Andrey
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a crucial role in shaping climate conditions over the North Atlantic region and beyond and its future stability is a matter of concern. While the stability of the AMOC to surface freshwater forcing (FWF) has been investigated in numerous model simulations, its equilibrium response to changing CO2 remains largely unexplored and precludes a comprehensive understanding of AMOC stability under ongoing global warming. Here we use a fast Earth system model to explore the stability of the AMOC to combined changes in FWF between -0.25 and +0.25 Sv in the North Atlantic and atmospheric CO2 concentrations between 180 and 560 ppm. We find four different AMOC states associated with qualitatively different convection patterns in the North Atlantic. Apart from an Off AMOC state and a Modern-like AMOC with deep water forming in the Labrador and Nordic Seas, we find a Weak AMOC state with convection occurring south of 55° N and a Strong AMOC state characterized by deep water formation extending into the Arctic. Several of these AMOC states can be stable under the same boundary conditions for specific combinations of CO2 and FWF. Generally the model shows an increase in equilibrium AMOC strength for higher CO2 levels. It is also noteworthy that, while under preindustrial conditions the AMOC off state is not stable in the model, it becomes stable for CO2 concentrations above ~400 ppm, suggesting that an AMOC shutdown in a warmer climate might be irreversible.
High-resolution analyses of concentrations and sizes of black carbon particles deposited on northwest Greenland over the past 350 years – Part 2: Seasonal and temporal trends in black carbon originated from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning
Authors: Goto-Azuma Kumiko , Ogawa-Tsukagawa Yoshimi , Fukuda Kaori , Fujita Koji , Hirabayashi Motohiro , Dallmayr Remi , Ogata Jun , Moteki Nobuhiro , Mori Tatsuhiro , Ohata Sho , Kondo Yutaka , Koike Makoto , Matoba Sumito , Aoki Teruo
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The roles and impacts of black carbon (BC), an important aerosol species affecting Earth’s radiation budget, are not well understood owing to lack of accurate long-term observations. To study the temporal changes in BC since the pre-industrial period, we analysed BC in an ice core drilled in northwest Greenland. Using an improved technique for BC measurement and a continuous flow analysis system, we obtained accurate and high temporal resolution records of BC particle size and mass/number concentrations for the past 350 years. Number and mass concentrations, which both started to increase in the 1870s associated with inflow of anthropogenically derived BC, reached their maxima in the 1910s–1920s and then subsequently decreased. On the basis of backward trajectory analyses, we found that North America was the dominant source region of the anthropogenic BC in the ice core. The increase in anthropogenic BC shifted the annual concentration peaks of BC from summer to winter–early spring. After BC concentrations diminished to pre-industrial levels, the annual peak concentration of BC returned to the summer. We found that anthropogenic BC particles were larger than biomass burning BC particles. By separating the BC in winter and summer, we reconstructed the temporal variations in BC that originated from biomass burning, including the period with large anthropogenic input. The BC that originated from biomass burning showed no trend of increase until the early 2000s. Finally, possible albedo reductions due to BC are discussed. Our new data provide key information for validating aerosol and climate models, thereby supporting improved projections of future climate and environment.
Justice Claims of Sri Lankan Spa Workers Seeking a Professional Identity
Authors: Ilangasingha Risini Wasana , Grant-Smith Deanna , Mayes Robyn
Published: May 2024

Globally, spas are recognised as a part of the wellness sector; however, the business focus and employment conditions of spas vary between and within countries based on social, economic, legal and cultural circumstances. Focusing on the distinctive nature of spas in the local context of Sri Lanka, this briefing paper explores the stigmatisation of masseuses’ work at spas caused by the conflation of sex work with spa work. Drawing on empirical data collected as part of the first author’s doctoral research, it centres on the experiences of female labour constituents of urban spas. Responding to calls to bring policy reforms to safeguard the labour rights of women in the Sri Lankan spa industry, it foregrounds the perspectives of these women who wish to construct a professional identity and recognition of the labour role performed in spas in a context where the industry is booming, but such work is socially condemned.
Global Minimum Taxation: A Strategic Approach for Developing Countries
Authors: Parada Leopoldo
Published: May 2024

The world has seemingly embraced the altruistic idea of ensuring a minimum level of corporate income taxation worldwide, consolidating a “benefits for all” narrative by which both developed and developing countries apparently gain. However, this altruistic narrative proves to be quite unrealistic for many developing countries. As argued in this article, the perceived benefits of a global minimum corporate income tax in developing countries rest exclusively upon three unconvincing premises. These include the assumption that all corporate income tax incentives provided by developing countries are equally inefficient, the idea that all developing countries can seamlessly transition from corporate income tax competition to alternative forms of tax and non-tax competition, and most notably, the notion that supporting or opposing a global minimum corporate income tax could either boost or diminish tax revenue for developing countries. This article urges a departure from these premises and elaborates upon three strategic recommendations for developing countries, which include: first, viewing a global minimum corporate income tax as a concept divorced from the assumption of revenue gain or loss; second, using the global minimum corporate income tax as an opportunity to reassess their tax and non-tax incentives, encompassing alternative competitive strategies; and third, striving for simplicity and ease of administration in designing and implementing a minimum tax approach. In doing so, developing countries could perhaps find an opportunity to refine their general action plan to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) more effectively while they still try to ride the wave of minimum global corporate income taxation that the world seems to be in.
Capítulo 5. El impacto de la IA en los contenidos periodísticos sonoros
Authors: Chaparro-Domínguez María Ángeles
Published: May 2024

El objetivo de este capítulo es analizar los principales proyectos de los medios de comunicación españoles que hayan desarrollado proyectos que utilicen inteligencia artificial (IA) en formato sonoro. Se abordan iniciativas heterogéneas puestas en marcha en los últimos años de emisoras y programas de radio, como RNE o Carrusel Deportivo, diarios digitales, como El País o La Vanguardia, y otros tipos de medios y formatos periodísticos, como la web de RTVE. Este trabajo presenta un carácter exploratorio, de forma que se dibuje un panorama de proyectos periodísticos diversos, que experimentan con la IA y el audio en el ámbito español.Los principales resultados muestran que, pese a que los medios españoles que se han lanzado a utilizar esta tecnología disruptiva son escasos, las iniciativas desarrolladas en nuestro país son heterogéneas y similares a las del extranjero, tales como las audionoticias de los diarios digitales o los robots que se convierten en locutores radiofónicos en espacios de breve duración. Además, se observa cómo la IA permite que se satisfagan necesidades de la audiencia no cubiertas hasta el momento y también se ponen de manifiesto algunos miedos que existen en el sector por la llegada de esta tecnología, como la posible pérdida de puestos de trabajo.
Capítulo 7. Inteligencia artificial para la relación con las audiencias: el sistema de recomendación Sophi
Authors: Parratt-Fernández Sonia , Hermida Alfred
Published: May 2024

Los sistemas de recomendación juegan un papel crucial en el éxito de las empresas periodísticas en un mercado mediático cada vez más competitivo. Este capítulo está dedicado a Sophi, un conjunto de herramientas de inteligencia artificial que permite a un periódico mejorar su relación con las audiencias. Se describen el origen, el diseño, las utilidades y los resultados obtenidos tras la implementación de este sistema creado en Canadá y actualmente utilizado por medios de comunicación de todo el mundo. Finalmente, se discuten algunas implicaciones que podría tener el uso de sistemas de recomendación como Sophi para las empresas, la audiencia, los periodistas y las prácticas profesionales. Entre ellas, la influencia de los intereses comerciales en la modificación de las prácticas tradicionales de gatekeeping y, en consecuencia, una posible pérdida de control por parte de los periodistas; o a un exceso de personalización, que podría llevar al público a desconocer información importante y exponerse a una menor pluralidad de puntos de vista.
RELAXATION BEHAVIOR OF 3D PRINTED NBR-BASED RUBBER O-RINGS AS THE INNER PART OF ROD SEALS
Authors: Sundermann Lion , Klie Benjamin , Giese Ulrich
Published: May 2024

The viscoelastic properties of rubber polymer–based compounds are crucial for further applications but challenging in the manufacturing process using additive manufacturing techniques. The fact that the first layer is attached to the printing bed restricts free relaxation after extrusion and the part shows a strong contraction along the printing direction after release and especially after vulcanization. In this study, the molar mass distribution and the acrylonitrile (ACN) content of an NBR-based compound for the fabrication of O-rings for rod seal applications were varied to demonstrate the different degree of contraction resulting from three-dimensional printing. An ACN content of 34% and an average molar mass of 2.47·105 g·mol−1 with a dispersity index of 2.6 was found to be a suitable compromise between the degree of contraction and compression set as a criterion for the application as O-ring as the inner part of rod seals.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER INK WITH HIGH SOLID CONTENT REINFORCED BY NETWORKED SILICA
Authors: Tavousi Tabatabaei Bahareh , Basnet Bipendra , Choi Jae-Won
Published: May 2024

Silica is a reinforcing filler commonly used in the production of environmentally friendly tires, because tires reinforced with silica have lower rolling resistance that translates into reduced energy consumption and improved fuel economy. However, achieving the optimal dispersion of silica within the rubber matrix is crucial for maximizing its reinforcing effects. In this study, a three-dimensionally networked silica (NS) was introduced in various amounts to rubber inks to improve their tensile strength and increase miscibility to enable their use in additive manufacturing. The results show that synthetic rubber ink with a high content of SBR (90%) and reinforced by NS possesses adequate viscosity for use in the direct ink write (DIW) process. NS was confirmed to have an impact on the rheological properties and printability of the rubber ink as well as improve the tensile strength of the printed parts. Different formulations were tested to study and facilitate the vulcanization process and identify the optimal curing conditions as well as the print parameters to use in DIW printing. The successful printing and vulcanization of various printed structures demonstrate the potential for using the developed printable ink in additive manufacturing. This study opens up new possibilities for creating rubber products (such as tire treads) with adequate flexibility and high tensile strength.
The Fractional Navier-Stokes Equations with delay conditions
Authors: Ben tahir Hicham , Melliani Said , Elomari Mhamed
Published: May 2024

Throught this paper, we study the cauchy problem for the conformable fractional Navier-Stokes Equations (FNSE) with finite delay external forces, contains some hereditary features, on a bounded domain. We prove that there exist a unique local mild solutions for the initial datum, by using semigroup theory, conformable fractional calculus and Banach contraction theorem.With more conditions on delay external forces we establish the globality and continuation of the mild solutions.
3D View Factor Power Output Modelling of Bifacial Fixed, Single, and Dual-Axis Agrivoltaic Systems
Authors: Zainali Sebastian , Lu Silvia Ma , Potenza Eleonora , Stridh Bengt , Avelin Anders , Campana Pietro Elia
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the performance of agrivoltaic systems employing bifacial photovoltaic modules. A comparison between yield in Sweden and Italy was carried out. Three agrivoltaic system designs were evaluated: vertical fixed, single-axis tracker, and dual-axis tracker. The results showed that the specific production varied between 1090 to 1440 kWh/kWp/yr in Sweden and 1584 to 2112 kWh/kWp/yr in Italy, where the lowest production was obtained with the vertical fixed agrivoltaic system while the highest production was obtained with the dual-axis tracking agrivoltaic system. The vertical fixed design had a higher electricity production during low solar elevation angles, while the single-axis and dual-axis tracking designs had significantly higher power production during mid-day. The electricity production gain using a dual-axis tracker design was mostly during mid-day, but the increase compared to the single-axis tracker was only 1-2%. The study concludes that low-height, fixed agrivoltaic systems without tracking are well-suited for high-latitude countries like Sweden, while elevated systems with tracker solutions are more suitable for locations like Italy. The findings suggest that the performance of agrivoltaic systems with bifacial photovoltaic modules is highly dependent on geographical location and the specific characteristics of the crops grown beneath them.
Validation of Vertical Bifacial Agrivoltaic and Other Systems Modelling
Authors: Ma Lu Silvia , Zainali Sebastian , Sundström Elin , Nygren Anton , Stridh Bengt , Avelin Anders , Campana Pietro
Published: May 2024

In agrivoltaic systems combining solar photovoltaic and agricultural activities, ground albedo is mainly characterized by the crop and its seasonal variations. This study examines the effects of using fixed, satellite-derived, and hourly measured albedo on the performance of a vertical bifacial system and a 1-axis tracking system using a bifacial photovoltaic model (AgriOptiCE). The model is developed with Matlab® and partially based on the open-source package pvlib. AgriOptiCE is firstly validated by comparing estimated front and rear irradiances with on-site measurements for specific periods from a 1-axis tracker site in Golden, USA and a vertical agrivoltaic system in Västerås, Sweden. Furthermore, photovoltaic system power output estimations using AgriOptiCE are also validated for the vertical agrivoltaic system and the conventional ground-mounted fixed-tilt system at the same location. The validations demonstrate the high accuracy of the proposed model in estimating front and rear irradiances and power output, obtaining R2 > 0.85 for all the studied cases. The study results indicate that measured albedo provides the highest accuracy, while satellite-derived albedo has poorer results due to the broader spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution. Fixed albedo is not recommended for yearly assessment of bifacial PV systems because it cannot account for snow events and daily variations, resulting in lower overall accuracy.
Photovoltaic Energy Production in Greenhouses With Spectral Splitting Solar Trackers
Authors: Broccard Pierre-Vincent , Roch Jonas , Tran Daniel , Camps Cédric , Löffler Janina
Published: May 2024

The spectral filtering low concentration photovoltaic system developed by Voltiris is an innovative solution for energy production in greenhouses without affecting food production. A first prototype was installed in the greenhouse of the agricultural research center Agroscope in Conthey, Switzerland. During an eight-month agronomic study from March to October, the yield of tomato, pepper bell and basil under this system was on a par with a control group. I-V curves were recorded to evaluate the photovoltaic system performance, and the impact of concentration and filtering. The curves showed that the prototype achieved a direct normal irradiation efficiency of 10.1 %. The specific power output of the Voltiris system inside the greenhouse was comparable to the one of a conventional solar panel placed outside. Filters with two different transmission spectra were used, both of which were matched to the absorption spectra of chlorophyll and reflected 50 % and 60 % of the incident global radiation respectively. To transfer the performance of the system to other greenhouses, the transmittance of the test greenhouse and its glass cover were measured for global and diffuse radiation. This allowed to determine the transmittance of the greenhouse specific metal structure. In the test greenhouse, the overall transmission coefficient for direct solar radiation was 0.28, hence limiting the system yield.
Agrivoltaics Over Berries in Chile: Potential for Clean Energy Generation and Climate Change Adaption
Authors: Jung David , Schönberger Frederik , Moraga Francisco
Published: May 2024

Agrivoltaics (AV), the concept of installing photovoltaic (PV) panels on agricultural land, enabling a dual use of the surface, has the potential to foster renewable energy expansion without land use conflict and to protect water from evapotranspiration. Although there is growing interest in AV, there has been no structured analysis of its potential for clean energy generation and climate change adaptation in Chile. In this paper, we provide the first national-level estimate of the AV potential over blueberries, using a combination of filtered geo-datasets and meteorological data to quantify PV yields and impact on evapotranspiration. We find a theoretical potential of 13.4 GWp for AV over blueberries, predominantly in the central and southern regions. The derived potential for AV could provide 22% of the current national electricity generation while lowering irrigation demand by nearly 18 million m³ per year. Finally, we identify about 8,000 GWh of current annual conventional electricity generation that could be regionally replaced by AV, showing the potential to contribute significantly to the decentralization and decarbonization of the Chilean electricity mix. Further research on the agronomic and economic aspects of AV implementation should be carried out to enable synergetic development.
Effects of Agrivoltaics on the Microclimate in Horticulture
Authors: Jung David , Schönberger Frederik , Spera Fabian
Published: May 2024

Chilean agriculture must adapt to climate change as droughts are already affecting the country and water availability is expected to further decline. In this context, Agrivoltaics (AV) systems, that install photovoltaic (PV) panels over crops and thus provide shading and an altered microclimate could enhance the resilience of agriculture in semi-arid zones. We compare data measured under an AV system with a reference measurement to quantify the effects of AV on microclimate in horticulture in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile. Data on irradiation, air temperature, air humidity, and wind speed allow us to compute potential evapotranspiration (PET). We observe a reduction of Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI) under the AV system of 42%. Mainly, as a result of the decreased GHI, we derive a diminution in PET of 31%, quantifying the potential to lower the water demand of crops and thus irrigation. Measured soil moisture is on average 29% higher under the AV system compared to the reference condition, hence validating PET computations. Also, we find a more moderate climate with slightly stabilized air temperature and lower soil temperatures. Our results give a glimpse of the effects of installing PV panels over horticulture crops concerning the challenges of Chilean agriculture. AV systems have the potential to increase water availability by lowering irrigation demand and protecting crops from the effects of extreme irradiation, such as sunburn and heat stress. Thus, AV could foster the transformation of agriculture towards sustainable production systems. The documented effects should be verified over longer periods with different crops to understand the impact of AV within seasonal and interannual climatical variation and the diversity of Chilean agriculture.
Quantifying the Distribution of Evapotranspiration at PV and APV Sites Using Soil Moisture
Authors: Feistel Ulrike , Kettner Susanna , Ebermann Jakob , Mueller Fabian , Krajcsi Emese
Published: May 2024

Solar panels affect the distribution of water and energy reaching the ground causing changes in soil moisture, evapotranspiration and percolation. In the context of Agri-Photovoltaics those changes influence plant growth and yield as well as irrigation demands while large Photovoltaic installations could potentially lead to changes in the water balance of the catchment. In either case, evapotranspiration plays an important role as the installation of panels of any design leads to shading thereby reducing the water loss to the soil through evapotranspiration. As it is difficult to measure evapotranspiration, the authors proceeded using soil moisture observations to quantify evapotranspiration pattern in dry periods. They found on average a 44 % higher evapotranspiration rate over 12 dry periods of varying conditions under the panels compared to a reference area at the research site Pillnitz. However, similar observations at the second site, Weesow show also a reversed behaviour due to reduced soil water availability as a result of the higher evapotranspiration at the reference area.
SCAPV Creates the Possibility of Less Irrigation and Higher Productivity
Authors: Ali Abaker Omer Altyeb , Liu Wen , Li Ming , Chen Fangcai , Liu Wenjun , Ingenhoff Jan , Fan Liulu , Zhang Fangxin , Zhang Xinyu , Zheng Jianan , Zhang Zhisen
Published: May 2024

In agrivoltaic (APV), photovoltaic (PV) panels are positioned above farmland to produce energy and food simultaneously. However, PV panels above farmland block most sunlight from reaching plants for photosynthesis. Plants require sunlight for photosynthesis. We proposed Spectrum-splitting and Concentrated APV (SCAPV) to address contradictions between photosynthesis and energy production simultaneously. This study examines the effect of SCAPV on the evapotranspiration and growth of peanuts and soybeans. Peanuts and soybeans were planted under SCAPV and open-air (CK) treatments, and a weather station was placed in each treatment. Results showed that evapotranspiration under SCAPV significantly decreased by 31% compared to CK. Thus, it improved physiological characterization, enhanced quality, and increased the yield of peanuts and soybeans. Peanuts' protein, fat, and linoleic acid increased by 5.54%, 0.28%, and 1.14% under SCAPV compared to CK. Fat, soluble sugar, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid of soybean were increased by 6.75%, 15.24%, 13.72%, and 15.14%, respectively, under SCAPV compared to CK. The average land equivalent ratio of SCAPV is 1.7. We trust that SCAPV could provide food and energy while reducing irritation on the same farmland.
Influence of the Albedo on Agrivoltaics Electricity Production
Authors: Lavaert Cas , Willockx Brecht , Cappelle Jan
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to quantify to what extent the electricity production of two types of agrivoltaics installations (fixed vertical bifacial and horizontal single axis tracker) is affected by the installation of different ground cloths. In order to assess the potential benefits of the use of these cloths, a series of ray-tracing simulations and an extensive measurement campaign were conducted. For the fixed vertical bifacial system, the simulations showed that the white ground cloth should result in an average increase in incident irradiance of about 8% for simulated periods occurring in both March (+8.2%) and June (+7.3%). However, measurements on the vertical bifacial setup over a period of 5.5 months indicated that no measurable differences occurred between the different ground covers. Measurements on the tracker setup did show a clear measurable difference with an average increase of 25% in cumulative rear incident irradiance, also resulting in an increase in revenues, for the tracker with the white ground cloth compared to the reference tracker.
Modelling Light Interception by Rows of Tall-Growing Crops in an Agri-PV System
Authors: Binani Ashish , Cesar Kay , Helsen Herman , Maestrini Bernardo , De Ruijter Frank , Van Aken Bas
Published: May 2024

The irradiance on 3D plants, for instance for row crops, is complex to measure. Validated irradiance modelling of 3D row crops gives detailed information about the irradiance distribution on the crop canopy. It can also be applied to investigate new or changed layouts of agri-PV systems without the need to actually build them. We modelled an agri-PV system of partially transparent PV panels integrated with a soft fruit farm using the light and PV simulation package BIGEYE. The irradiance absorbed by the canopy is calculated from the difference in irradiance above and below the plants, mimicking PARbar measurements. The simulated PARbar data is in agreement with a full analysis of the modelled total irradiance on the plant row surfaces. We also show that there is a difference in the irradiance on the plant rows below the lower and higher ends of the PV panels. Finally, the irradiance along the sides is twice as high on the top third than the bottom third. The detailed information on the irradiance distribution will be compared to observed adaptations of the plants to shading.
Superconducting devices with ferromagnetic insulating GdN
Authors: Pal Avradeep
Published: May 2024

A thin Superconductor (S) proximity coupled to a Ferromagnetic Metal (FM) is an experimentally well studied system showcasing intriguing phenomena such as an oscillatory T_c with FM thickness, zero to pi transitions in S/FM/S Josephson Junctions (JJs), and the possibility of generation of spin polarized Cooper pairs using conventional s-wave superconductors [1,2]. However, the proximity coupling of a Ferromagnetic Insulator to a superconductor is relatively less explored. The primary feature of proximity coupling in FI/S systems is the appearance of an effective exchange field in a thin S layer, which is distinctly different from that of the stray field emanating out of the FI layer [3]. Most studies of FI/S systems have thus far been performed with various Europium chalcogenides. In this talk, I will discuss few superconducting devices using ferromagnetic insulator – GdN, which has been developed at the Quantum Materials and Devices Laboratory at IIT Bombay. The first is an FI/S bilayer, which is demonstrated as a system that allow application and tuning of local magnetic fields [4]. The second device is a large mesa type S/FI/S JJ; where a combination of barrier magnetization and magnetization due to junction self-current, leads to a zero magnetic field non-reciprocal Josephson effect (Josephson Diode). A non-volatile Josephson memory with reasonably high characteristic voltage is also demonstrable in such large magnetic JJs with GdN tunnel barrier.
Kết quả phẫu thuật kéo giãn xương hàm dưới điều trị Hội chứng Pierre Robin thể nặng
Authors: Thơm Đặng Hoàng , Lâm Vũ Ngọc , Sơn Trần Thiết
Published: May 2024

Nghiên cứu của chúng tôi tập trung vào đánh giá kết quả của phương pháp phẫu thuật kéo giãn xương hàm dưới (MDO) trong điều trị Hội chứng Pierre Robin (PRS) thể nặng tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương từ năm 2019 đến 2023. Phương pháp này đã được sử dụng như một phương thức thay thế cho phẫu thuật mở khí quản trước đó. Đối tượng nghiên cứu là những bệnh nhân PRS thể nặng, khó thở nghiêm trọng do tắc nghẽn, bú khó, cần nuôi dương hỗ trợ, có chênh lệch hàm trên dưới lớn trên 10mm. Nghiên cứu được thiết kế can thiệp lâm sàng không đối chứng có đánh giá trước sau với 102 bệnh nhân từ 2 tuần đến 6 tháng tuổi được theo dõi trong thời gian từ 6 đến 36 tháng. Kết quả cho thấy sau MDO, với tỷ lệ thành công trong nghiên cứu là 95,1%. Tuổi mổ trung bình 59,18 ± 21,73 ngày, kích thước đường thở trên CT scanner tăng gấp 4,16 lần trước mổ. Chiều dài xương hàm dưới đã tăng từ hơn 60 - 78% trong thời gian ngắn 3 tháng mà không cần ghép xương. Chênh lệch hàm trên - hàm dưới trước mổ: 15,56 ± 1,57mm, khi tháo dụng cụ 1,24 ± 0,89mm; sau 9 tháng 1,07 ± 0,76mm. Tỷ lệ thành công nuôi dưỡng đường miệng sau phẫu thuật là 82,4%. Phẫu thuật kéo giãn xương hàm dưới là một phương pháp an toàn hiệu quả trong điều trị PRS thể nặng, nhưng cần phải chỉ định đúng, lập kế hoạch phẫu thuật, để hạn chế biến chứng.
The Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Goindani Piryanka , Rehman Abdul , Siddiqa Aisha , Rani Berkha , Devi Sona , Ramchand Aakash
Published: May 2024

Aim: Genetic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are crucial for breast cancer risk assessment and treatment planning. Methods: This prospective observational study at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Pakistan, involved female breast cancer patients aged 18 or older. The sample size calculation was based on a 3.4% prevalence rate of BRCA mutations, aiming for a 95% confidence level. Data on demographic, clinical characteristics, and genetic testing for BRCA mutations were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Among the study participants, 10% exhibited BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The majority were diagnosed at stage 3 tumor development, with invasive ductal carcinoma being the predominant histological type. No significant familial predisposition to breast cancer was noted among the majority. Educational status and ethnicity showed varying associations with BRCA mutation presence. Conclusion: The study highlights a modest incidence of BRCA mutations among Pakistani breast cancer patients, underscoring the importance of genetic testing for risk assessment and targeted treatment. The findings support the need for comprehensive genetic screening programs in Pakistan, considering the diverse demographic and clinical characteristics of the population. Keywords: BRCA mutations, breast cancer, genetic testing, Pakistan, risk assessment, targeted treatment.
Florfenicol favorece crescimento de Pseudomonas aeruginosa em água residuária
Authors: Vieira Dantas Jéssica , Galvão Viana Andrwey Augusto , Porto Gurgel do Amaral Ian , Vasconcelos Ulrich
Published: May 2024

Medicamentos de uso veterinário no controle do crescimento microbiano contribuem para o aumento da resistência a antibióticos. Bactérias fisiologicamente versáteis como Pseudomonas aeruginosa, principal bacilo Gram-negativo não fermentador prioritário segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, adquirem e disseminam genes de resistência a partir do contato com estes compostos. Este trabalho avaliou as respostas de três isolados de Pseudomonas aeruginosa ao florfenicol sob condições de Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) semelhantes às encontradas em estação de tratamento de esgoto. Foram realizados testes in vitro em meio contendo água residuária sintética 20.000 mg/L e concentrações de florfenicol variando entre 0,3 e 0,08 mg/mL. Não houve inibição do crescimento dos isolados, tampouco houve diferenças relacionadas entre o padrão de resistência e a origem do isolado. As células aderiram-se fortemente no biofilme em todas as condições, assim como o número de células planctônicas aumentou mais de 1000%. Florfenicol nas concentrações 0,15 e 0,30 mg/mL favoreceu os crescimentos mais significativos das células. Os resultados apontam os riscos do descarte de florfenicol em corpos hídricos.
A atuação docente para o patrimônio cultural: explorando a legislação brasileira como recurso didático na educação patrimonial
Authors: Moser Giancarlo , Francisco Thiago Henrique Almino , Kanan Lilia Aparecida , Santos Luciana Oliveira Penna dos
Published: May 2024

No contexto educacional contemporâneo, o patrimônio cultural emerge como um elemento essencial na reformulação das práticas pedagógicas e dos currículos. Este artigo propõe explorar a integração das discussões sobre patrimônio cultural na educação, visando não apenas enriquecer o currículo, mas também promover uma aprendizagem inclusiva e ativa. Destaca-se a importância da legislação brasileira de patrimônio cultural como uma ferramenta valiosa para a educação patrimonial, especialmente para professores do ensino Fundamental e Médio. O estudo também aborda avanços significativos na área de educação patrimonial, como a portaria Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) nº 137/2016, que estabeleceu diretrizes nacionais e reconheceu a importância da participação ativa da comunidade. Por meio de uma metodologia exploratória que combina revisão bibliográfica e análise de legislação, este artigo oferece uma visão parcial da Educação Patrimonial, ressaltando sua complexidade e destacando o papel do conhecimento jurídico como recurso para práticas educacionais.
Blogs are not Journals
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: May 2024

This week I updated the submission form for the Rogue Scholar science blog archive to clarify that participating blogs can't be journals (or books). Journals and journal articles have many similarities to blogs and blog posts, but they are something different, and out of scope for the Rogue Scholar science blog archive. One feature that can differentiate a journal from a blog is that journals often have volumes and issues.
El potencial de reutilización de las prendas desechadas como materia prima en productos de diseño industrial
Authors: Ramírez Posada Héctor Jaime , Ángulo Arboleda Santiago José , Gómez Zuluaga Simón , Arcila Torres Laura Valentina , Mesa Betancur Alejandro
Published: May 2024

En este artículo se exponen hallazgos de una investigación sobre el potencial que encierra reutilizar prendas desechadas como materia prima, en nuevos productos del ámbito del diseño industrial. Fue desarrollada en el eje de Formación en Investigación, de la Línea de Investigación en Proyecto e Innovación del Grupo de Estudios en Diseño de la UPB. Su objetivo: explicitar el potencial de estas prendas para ser reintegradas a ciclos de uso y consumo actuales de la ciudad de Medellín, luego de realizar un diagnóstico de su potencial como materia prima para nuevos productos. Para lograrlo, se estudiaron los procesos que las producen y los que permiten su reinserción a canales de adquisición, sea como prendas de vestir o como otros productos, las relaciones entre los actores involucrados y los medios que utilizan. Se implementó una metodología sociofenomenológica con la cual se levantó, sistematizó y analizó información para sintetizar constructos de primer y segundo orden, que permitieron concluir sobre el potencial que tienen las prendas mencionadas como materia prima para nuevos productos, en especial, los del interés del diseño industrial.
Atributos genéticos dos frutos de pimenteira ornamental para seleção
Authors: Ribeiro Joyce Costa , Pimenta Samy , Custódio Gabriela Cristina Alves , Faria Renata Aparecida Neres , Barbosa Ana Karolyne Pereira , Oliveira Fabrícia Cardoso , Silva Nadiany Souza , Gomes Wellington Silva
Published: May 2024

A demanda por pimentas (Capsicum spp.) para fins ornamentais é crescente, e tem levado a cultura ser alvo de programas de melhoramento genético. Desta forma, a identificação e compreensão dos atributos ornamentais desejáveis, bem como o conhecimento de sua base genética e suas inter-relações, tornam-se elementos importante para os melhoristas. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo estimar parâmetros genéticos de variáveis relativas aos frutos de pimenteiras ornamentais, selecionando genótipos promissores e estimando correlações entre estas variáveis com a massa do fruto. Três experimentos foram realizados em etapas distintas entre os anos de 2019 e 2020. Na primeira etapa, foram coletadas sementes da geração F1, provenientes de dois acessos contrastantes de pimenteira ornamental. Na segunda etapa, a população F2 foi obtida e avaliada, culminando na terceira etapa do estudo. Foram consideradas cinco variáveis relacionadas aos frutos. Posteriormente, procedeu-se à realização de estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos. Após, procedeu-se a seleção dos melhores genótipos utilizando o índice de seleção de Mulamba & Mock. Estimou-se uma análise de trilha, considerando a variável massa do fruto como principal. Foi observada uma herdabilidade acima de 50% para as variáveis: massa média do fruto, diâmetro do fruto, comprimento do pedúnculo e espessura do pericarpo. Pela seleção simultânea, observou-se ganhos genéticos preditos, e a identificação de cinquenta e cinco genótipos como promissores para seleção no programa de melhoramento. Observou-se um impacto indireto positivo de positivo de CP e DF sobre EP ressaltando a eficácia da seleção direta para melhorar características específicas das pimenteiras ornamentais desse estudo.
Eficiência das empresas agropecuárias brasileiras listadas na B3 após a Covid-19: uma análise utilizando Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA)
Authors: Souza Celso Correia de , Carneiro Junior Joao Bosco Arbués , Castelão Raul Asseff , Souza Celso Fabricio Correia de , França Josimar Fernandes de
Published: May 2024

Este estudo trata da análise da eficiência das principais empresas agropecuárias brasileiras listadas na B3 (antiga BM&F – Bovespa), considerando o contexto do agronegócio para a economia nacional e a importância do mercado de ações brasileiro. Em meio à pandemia de Covid-19 e à volatilidade nos mercados financeiros, compreender a eficiência dessas empresas tornou-se muito importante para os investidores em mercado de ações. Para embasar essa análise, recorreu-se a um banco de dados de valores semanais de ações de 21 empresas líderes no setor agropecuário brasileiro, negociadas na Bovespa. Esses dados são vitais para entender a dinâmica do mercado acionário e a trajetória das empresas ao longo do tempo, especialmente em um período marcado por desafios sem precedentes devido, principalmente à pandemia de Covid_19 que assolou o mundo de 2019 a 2022. Ao combinar essas informações e com a utilização da metodologia de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), buscou-se fornecer informações valiosas para investidores e decisores. Essa abordagem permitiu não apenas identificar tendências e padrões no desempenho das empresas, mas também compreender como fatores externos, como a pandemia, afetaram seus resultados e estratégias de gestão. Os resultados revelaram discrepâncias significativas na eficiência das empresas quando consideradas diferentes perspectivas de alocação de recursos e práticas gerenciais. Algumas empresas, apesar de eficientes em seus insumos e produtos nas suas rotinas normais revelaram práticas gerenciais ineficientes ou subutilizadas quando vistas sob uma perspectiva invertida. Isso ressalta a importância de uma análise completa que leve em conta não apenas o desempenho atual, mas também áreas de melhoria das ineficiências gerenciais das empresas, principalmente. Ao normalizar a eficiência composta, conseguiu-se estabelecer uma base consistente para comparações entre diferentes conjuntos de dados ou períodos de tempo, facilitando a identificação de tendências e a compreensão das mudanças no desempenho relativo das empresas. Essa análise abrangente é fundamental para orientar decisões estratégicas e promover a melhoria contínua das empresas, permitindo que as mesmas maximizem seu desempenho operacional e mantenham-se competitivas em um mercado dinâmico e desafiador.
Letture dell’antico, mito di Roma e retoriche antisemite in epoca fascista
Authors: Mecella Laura , Cuzzi Marco , Zanini Paolo , Thornton John , Capponi Livia , Avalli Andrea , Motta Daniela , Aramini Donatello , Visconti Amedeo , Edallo Emanuele
Published: May 2024

Il volume raccoglie gli atti di un convegno tenutosi presso il Dipartimento di Studi Storici dell’Università di Milano e realizzato nell’ambito del progetto PRIN 2017 Studiosi italiani di fronte alle leggi razziali (1938-1945): storici dell’an­ti­­chità e giuristi. Attraverso un serrato dialogo tra specialisti di varia formazione, l’incontro mirava principalmente ad enucleare gli intricati legami tra l’uso (o meglio, l’abuso) politico della storia antica da parte del fascismo e le aberrazioni teoriche che condus­se­ro alla for­mu­la­zione del Manifesto degli scienziati razzisti, con specifica attenzione al tema dell’antisemitismo. Pur nella diversità degli approcci, i saggi presentati concorrono a chiarire la duplice prospettiva attraverso cui l’eredità del mondo antico venne saldata alla questione razziale: da un lato, l’affannosa ricerca di radici illustri per l’antisemitismo moderno; dall’altro, la pretestuosa affermazione della primazia della razza italica, in virtù del suo glorioso passato, sulle nazioni concorrenti. Un lavoro corale che speriamo possa contribuire a una più profonda interpretazione della humus culturale in cui, in Italia, allignò l’esiziale germe del razzismo.
Research on the Economic Effects of Compulsory Education in China
Authors: Cao Qinlu
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to investigate the factors driving the rapid development of the Chinese economy. Utilizing univariate linear regression, we examine the impact of compulsory education in China on its economic growth, utilizing data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China spanning the years 1983 to 2006. Additionally, we conduct robustness tests and heterogeneity analyses using variables such as the number of middle school students, Chinese GDP, and the time span from 1983 to 2022. Our analysis also delves into industry-specific variations and expenditure-based approaches. Our findings are summarized as follows: 1. Compulsory education in China exhibits a positive influence on its economic growth. 2. According to the robustness test, the baseline conclusion of this paper is robust. 3. Compulsory education plays a pivotal role in the tertiary industry and net exports but exerts fewer effects on the second industry and investment and contributes a little to the first industry and consumption.
Research on the Development, Influencing Factors and Influencing Effects of Industrial Agglomeration in China
Authors: Lin Haoxiang
Published: May 2024

Since the rapid development of Chinese society and economy, industrial agglomeration has become an important trend of structural change. In order to help enterprises see the advantages and disadvantages of industrial agglomeration, it is very important to study the causes and effects of industrial agglomeration. Therefore, this paper organizes and proposes the reasons for the agglomeration of the four major industries as well as its positive and negative effects. The research results show that political factors, environmental factors, enterprise advantages and culture, talents and consumption level are the main causes of industrial agglomeration. Moreover, the positive benefits of industrial agglomeration are the sharing of infrastructure, resources and markets and the acceleration of knowledge dissemination and technology exchange. The negative impacts are that they increase the economic risk of the agglomeration area and lead to duplication of construction and waste of resources. For these reasons, the Chinese government should weigh the positive and negative benefits of promoting industrial agglomeration. This paper proposes to explore the causes and effects of industrial agglomeration from a macroscopic perspective, which improves the lack of macroscopic analysis in this field.