bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid transfer from single cavities to rotating rolls
Authors: Campana Diego M. , Carvalho Marcio S.
Published: April 2014

In this work we study computationally the dynamics of a liquid bridge formed between a two-dimensional trapezoidal cavity, which represents an axisymmetric cell or a plane groove engraved in a roll, and a moving plate. The flow is a model of the liquid transfer process in gravure printing systems. The considered plate kinematics represents the actual motion of a roll-to-roll system, which includes extension, shear and rotation relative to the cavity. The fluid flow is modelled by solving the Stokes equations, discretized with the finite element method; the evolving free surfaces are accommodated by employing a pseudosolid mesh deforming algorithm. The results show that as the roll radius is reduced, thus increasing the lateral and rotational motions of the top plate relative to the cavity, a larger volume of liquid is transferred to the plate. However, due to lateral displacement of the contact lines, special care must be taken concerning the wettability properties of the substrate to avoid errors in the pattern fidelity. The predictions also show a strong nonlinear behaviour of the liquid fraction extracted from a cavity as a function of the capillary number. At high capillary numbers the fluid dynamics is mainly controlled by the extensional motion due to the strong contact line pinning. However, at low values of the capillary number, the contact lines have higher mobility and the liquid fraction primarily depends on the lateral and rotational plate velocity. These mechanisms tend to drag the fluid outside the cavity and increase the liquid fraction transferred to the plate, as has been observed in experiments.
Numerical study of collisional particle dynamics in cluster-induced turbulence
Authors: Capecelatro Jesse , Desjardins Olivier , Fox Rodney O.
Published: April 2014

We present a computational study of cluster-induced turbulence (CIT), where the production of fluid-phase kinetic energy results entirely from momentum coupling with finite-size inertial particles. A separation of length scales must be established when evaluating the particle dynamics in order to distinguish between the continuous mesoscopic velocity field and the uncorrelated particle motion. To accomplish this, an adaptive spatial filter is employed on the Lagrangian data with an averaging volume that varies with the local particle-phase volume fraction. This filtering approach ensures sufficient particle sample sizes in order to obtain meaningful statistics while remaining small enough to avoid capturing variations in the mesoscopic particle field. Two-point spatial correlations are computed to assess the validity of the filter in extracting meaningful statistics. The method is used to investigate, for the first time, the properties of a statistically stationary gravity-driven particle-laden flow, where particle–particle and fluid–particle interactions control the multiphase dynamics. Results from fully developed CIT show a strong correlation between the local volume fraction and the granular temperature, with maximum values located at the upstream boundary of clusters (i.e. where maximum compressibility of the particle velocity field exists), while negligible particle agitation is observed within clusters.
‘Hollering from across the yard’: fictive path in manner of speaking events
Authors: VERGARO CARLA , SANDFORD JODI L. , MASTROFINI ROBERTA , FORMISANO YHARA M.
Published: April 2014

abstract

The aim of this study is to see how and to what extent the Talmyan notion of fictive motion is realized in the conceptual frame of speaking. Drawing from a previous in-depth analysis of the speaking event Manner component in English (cf. Vergaro, Sandford, Mastrofini, and Formisano, unpublished observations),1we investigate the realization of fictive path in 186 English manner of speaking (henceforth MoS) verb entries accessed through theCorpus of Contemporary American English(henceforth COCA). Fictive path is always involved in the conceptualization of the speaking event. Communication is elaborated through theconduit metaphor, which is, in turn, motivated by the embodied act of speaking. Fictive path is further considered in relation to image schemas and windowing. Different degrees of path windowing emerge from this study, illustrating how the speaker focuses attention on a specific portion of the speaking event. Image schema distribution and an implicational hierarchy of the various types of path elaboration also become evident in this study.
Real Asset Illiquidity and the Cost of Capital
Authors: Ortiz-Molina Hernán , Phillips Gordon M.
Published: April 2014

We show that firms with more illiquid real assets have a higher cost of capital. This effect is stronger when real illiquidity arises from lower within-industry acquisition activity. Real asset illiquidity increases the cost of capital more for firms that face more competition, have less access to external capital, or are closer to default, and for those facing negative demand shocks. The effect of real asset illiquidity is distinct from that of firms’ stock illiquidity or systematic liquidity risk. These results suggest that real asset illiquidity reduces firms’ operating flexibility and through this channel their cost of capital.
Motility of Fasciola hepatica miracidia assessed with a computer-assisted sperm analyser
Authors: Villa-Mancera A. , Reynoso-Palomar A. , Olivares-Pérez J. , Ortega-Vargas S. , Cruz-Mendoza I. , Quiroz-Romero H.
Published: April 2014

The motility parameters of Fasciola hepatica miracidia were assessed at different temperatures and times post-hatching using computer-assisted sperm analysis. Eggs were incubated at 22°C or 25°C for 14 days. Five motion parameters were evaluated at different incubation temperatures up to 10 h post-hatching. No differences were observed in the percentage that hatched after incubation at the two different temperatures. However, the straight-line velocity of miracidia following incubation at 22°C was significantly different from that observed at 25°C (P< 0.01). All miracidium motion parameters at different post-hatching temperatures showed an overall decrease at the end of the experiment. Those miracidia hatching from eggs incubated at 25°C had a higher velocity of 1673.3 μm/s compared with 1553.3 μm/s at 22°C. Velocity parameters increased as the post-hatching temperature increased from 22°C to 37°C.
Between qanungos and clerks: the cultural and service worlds of Hindustan's pensmen,c.1750–1850
Authors: BELLENOIT HAYDEN
Published: April 2014

This paper argues that our understanding of the transition to colonialism in South Asia can be enriched by examining the formation of revenue collection systems in north India between 1750 and 1850. It examines agrarian revenue systems not through the prism of legalism or landholding patterns, but by looking at the paper and record-based mechanisms by which wealth was actually extracted from India's hinterlands. It also examines the Kayastha pensmen who became an exponentially significant component of an Indo-Muslim revenue administration. They assisted the extension of Mughal revenue collection capabilities asqanungos (registrars) andpatwaris (accountants). The intensity of revenue assessment, extraction and collection had increased by the mid 1700s, through the extension of cultivation and assessment by regional Indian kingdoms. The East India Company, in its agrarian revenue settlements in north India, utilized this extant revenue culture to push through savage revenue demands. These Kayastha pensmen thus furnished the ‘young’ Company with the crucial skills, physical records, and legitimacy to garner the agrarian wealth which would fund Britain's Indian empire. These more regular patterns of paper-oriented administration engendered a process of ‘bureaucratization’ and the emergence of the modern colonial state.
Magic, Modernity, and Orientalism: Conjuring representations of Asia
Authors: GOTO-JONES CHRISTOPHER
Published: April 2014

This article inquires into the cultural and political nexus of secular (stage) magic, modernity, and Orientalism at the turn of the twentieth century. It argues that these three arenas interacted in important and special ways to both shape and reflect the politics of knowledge of the period. In doing so, it draws attention to the ways in which secular magic has been overlooked as a historical phenomenon and highlights its utility in furthering our understanding of the great problematics of modernity and Orientalism; in particular, it suggests that magic actually provides an unusually vibrant and clear lens through which to view the politics of the Other and through which to explore issues of tradition and the modern.

Focusing on two historical cases—the ‘Indian Rope Trick’ challenge issued by the Magic Circle in the 1930s and the astonishing ‘duel’ between the ‘Chinese’ magicians Chung Ling Soo and Ching Ling Foo in 1905—this article considers the ways in which discourses of origination, popular ideas about esotericism and the ‘mystic East’, and questions of technical competence interacted and competed in the culture politics of the early twentieth century.
Child care by grandparents: changes between 1992 and 2006
Authors: GEURTS TEUN , VAN TILBURG THEO , POORTMAN ANNE-RIGT , DYKSTRA PEARL A.
Published: April 2014

This study considers changes in child care by grandparents between 1992 and 2006 in relation to changes in mothers' need for and grandparents' opportunity to provide child care. Data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam are used to compare two cohorts of Dutch grandparents aged 58–68 (N1992=181; N2006=350). Multi-level regression analysis shows that the probability that grandparents care for their adult daughters' children (N1992=261; N2006=484) increased from 0.23 to 0.41. The increase can be ascribed to higher maternal employment rates, growth in single motherhood, reduced travel time and a decline in the number of adult children. The increase would have been higher if the employment rate of grandparents had not risen.
Prevalence and correlates of HIV infection and sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers (FSWs) in Shanghai, China
Authors: REMIS R. S. , KANG L. , CALZAVARA L. , PAN Q. , LIU J. , MYERS T. , REN J. , TANG X. ,   Shanghai Health District Research Group
Published: April 2014

In 2009, we examined HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in 750 female sex workers (FSWs) in Shanghai using a cross-sectional survey. Participants (mean age 27 years) were interviewed and tested for HIV and selected STIs. Prevalence was: HIV 0·13%, chlamydia 14·7%, gonorrhoea 3·5% and syphilis 1·3%. In a demographic multivariate model, younger age, higher income and originating from provinces other than Zhejiang and Shanghai were independently associated with STI. In a social and sexual behavioural model, women working in small venues with fewer clients per week, use of drugs, and higher price charged per sex act indicated a greater risk for STI. Although HIV appears rare in Shanghai FSWs, chlamydial infection is common, especially in women aged <25 years (prevalence 19·6%). Since STI and HIV share similar risk factors, preventive intervention measures should be implemented immediately based on the venues and characteristics of FSWs to prevent future spread of HIV.
Abnormal origins of the coronary arteries from the aortic root
Authors: Hoffman Julien I.E.
Published: April 2014

Anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the aorta is a potentially serious anomaly that occurs in about 0.1–0.2% of the population. This percentage is small; however, it translates into about 4000 annual births with these anomalies. The clinical presentation of these anomalies is rare, and hence most are and will remain asymptomatic. The various anatomic anomalies are described, with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery that then passes between the aorta and pulmonary artery being the most serious of these anomalies. The pathophysiology resulting from these anomalies is described, as are methods for identifying those who require treatment; however, we still do not know the best methods of determining which patients need treatment.
Practical Aspects of Removing the Effects of Elastic and Thermal Diffuse Scattering from Spectroscopic Data for Single Crystals
Authors: Lugg Nathan R. , Neish Melissa J. , Findlay Scott D. , Allen Leslie J.
Published: April 2014

A method to remove the effects of elastic and thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) of the incident electron probe from electron energy-loss and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy data for atomically resolved spectrum images of single crystals of known thickness is presented. By calculating the distribution of the probe within a specimen of known structure, it is possible to deconvolve the channeling of the probe and TDS from experimental data by reformulating the inelastic cross-section as an inverse problem. In electron energy-loss spectroscopy this allows valid comparisons with first principles fine-structure calculations to be made. In energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, direct compositional analyses such as ζ-factor and Cliff–Lorimer k-factor analysis can be performed without the complications of channeling and TDS. We explore in detail how this method can be incorporated into existing multislice programs, and demonstrate practical considerations in implementing this method using a simulated test specimen. We show the importance of taking into account the scattering of the probe in k-factor analysis in a zone axis orientation. The applicability and limitations of the method are discussed.
Electoral Reform in Asia: Institutional Engineering against ‘Money Politics’
Authors: HELLMANN OLLI
Published: April 2014

This article argues that major cases of electoral reform across democracies in Asia in recent years can be explained as institutional measures aimed at curbing corruption and ‘money politics’. More specifically, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand rid themselves of their extreme candidate-centered electoral systems as a means to encourage politicians to invest in ‘clean’ collective party labels, while Indonesia discarded its extremely party-centered electoral system to increase the accountability of individual politicians. The article thus disagrees with scholars who argue that recent electoral reform should be understood as part of a wider project by Asian governments to engineer a majoritarian form of democracy. Instead, the comparative analysis shows that democracies across Asia, in line with global trends in institutional design, have been ‘normalizing’ their electoral systems, moving them closer towards the ideal of electoral ‘efficiency’.
Policy-Balancing and Ticket-Splitting: Problems with ‘Preference for Checks and Balances’ in Taiwanese Electoral Studies
Authors: CHEN TED HSUAN YUN , LIU TZU-PING , WU CHUNG-LI
Published: April 2014

In order to better understand the individual-level motives for ticket-splitting, Taiwan's Election and Democratization Study has since 2001 included a question aimed at measuring respondents’ preferences for checks and balances. We argue that this set of questions, designed to measure a combination of Fiorina's policy-balancing hypothesis and Ladd's cognitive Madisonianism, is inconsistent with principles of survey methodology and thus produces data that are suboptimal. Following a method developed by Carsey and Layman, we propose an alternative concept, the policy-balancing index derived from the perceived ideological distance between respondent and political parties, which both avoids methodological violations and provides us with a more precise concept to work with. We test the index and find it to be a significant determinant of ticket-splitting behavior.
The Social Movement as Political Party: The Northern Ireland Women's Coalition and the Campaign for Inclusion
Authors: Cowell-Meyers Kimberly B.
Published: April 2014

For about 10 years beginning in the mid 1990s, Northern Ireland had its own women's political party. The Northern Ireland Women's Coalition (NIWC) was created by members of the women's movement to achieve “equitable and effective political participation” for women. Despite being small, marginal and short-lived, the party increased access for women in nearly all the other political parties in the system. I connect the scholarship on social movements with that on political parties by examining the impact a social movement can have through the venue of its own political party. I argue three main points. First, the success of the NIWC means political parties may be an under-employed tactic in the repertoires of contention used by social movements. Second, the way the movement had an effect as a party is under-theorized in the literature on social movements because it requires consideration of party-system variables such as competition and issue-space. Third, as an identity-based movement, the women's movement in NI construed its goal of access differently than social-movement literature typically does. This under-utilized and under-theorized tactic of movement qua party delivered gains with the potential for long-term influence over policy and cultural values. In short, the movement-party may be an effective mechanism for changing the patterns of democratic representation of marginalized groups.
A Discussion of Celeste Montoya's From Global to Grassroots: The European Union, Transnational Advocacy, and Combating Violence against Women
Authors: Hawkesworth Mary
Published: April 2014

Celeste Montoya’s Global to Grassroots: The European Union, Transnational Advocacy, and Combating Violence Against Women addresses a pressing problem—violence against women—by bringing a transnational perspective to EU politics. We have thus decided to seek comments on the book from an Eastern European feminist scholar (Oana Băluţă) and a U.S. feminist scholar (Mary Hawkesworth). —Jeffrey C. Isaac
Nudging the obese: a UK–US consideration
Authors: Oliver Adam , Ubel Peter
Published: April 2014

Over recent years, nudge policies have become increasingly popular (if somewhat confused) internationally. This article attempts to clarify what a nudge entails, and critically summarises some of the nudge policies that have been proposed to motivate weight loss in the United Kingdom and the United States. Despite the fact that most of the evidence on nudge-related policy has so far been produced in the United States, and that the leading nudge champions are American, the United Kingdom, at least with respect to considering policy interventions of this kind at the national level, appears to be relatively advanced. That said, nudge interventions remain of marginal practical import everywhere, and are never going to solve completely the obesity problem. Nonetheless, even a marginal effect may extend and improve many lives, a result that would satisfy most behavioural economists.
Framing the issue of ageing and health care spending in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States
Authors: Gusmano Michael K. , Allin Sara
Published: April 2014

Political debates about the affordability of health care programmes in high-income countries often point to population ageing as a threat to sustainability. Debates in the United States, in particular, highlight concerns about intergenerational equity, whereby spending on older people is perceived as a threat to spending on the young. This paper compares how the problem of health spending is defined in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States by presenting the results of a content analysis of print media during the period 2005–2010. We found that population ageing was cited as an important source of health care cost increases in all three countries but was cited less frequently in Canadian newspapers than in the UK or US papers. Direct claims about intergenerational equity are infrequent among the articles we coded, but newspaper articles in the United States were more likely than those in Canada and the United Kingdom to claim that of high health care spending on older people takes resources away from younger people. In Canada a much larger percentage of articles in our sample either claimed that high health care spending is crowding out other types of government expenditure. Finally, we found that almost no articles in the United States challenged the view that population ageing causes health care spending, whereas in both Canada and the United Kingdom a small, but steady stream of articles challenged the idea that population ageing is to blame for health care spending increases.
Integration: the firm and the health care sector
Authors: Laugesen Miriam J. , France George
Published: April 2014

Integration in health care is a key goal of health reform in United States and England. Yet past efforts in the 1990s to better integrate the delivery system were of limited success. Building on work by Bevan and Janus on delivery integration, this article explores integration through the lens of economic theories of integration. Firms generally integrate to increase efficiency through economies of scale, to improve their market power, and resolve the transaction costs involved with multiple external suppliers. Using the United States and England as laboratories, we apply concepts of economic integration to understand why integration does or does not occur in health care, and whether expectations of integrating different kinds of providers (hospital, primary care) and health and social services are realistic. Current enthusiasm for a more integrated health care system expands the scope of integration to include social services in England, but retains the focus on health care in the United States. We find mixed applicability of economic theories of integration. Economies of scale have not played a significant role in stimulating integration in both countries. Managerial incentives for monopoly or oligopoly may be more compelling in the United States, since hospitals seek higher prices and more leverage over payers. In both countries the concept of transaction costs could explain the success of new payment and budgeting methods, since health care integration ultimately requires resolving transaction costs across different delivery organizations.
Psychiatrische Notfallsituationen im ambulanten Setting
Authors: Hepp Urs
Published: April 2014

Psychiatrische Notfallsituationen sind belastend und zeitintensiv. Eine eingehende Diagnostik ist meist nicht möglich, die Behandlung zielt auf Symptome/Syndrome. Für die meisten Behandlungen gibt es nur wenig Evidenz, viele Behandlungsempfehlungen beruhen auf Expertenmeinungen/Good Clinical Practice. Zielsymptome sind psychomotorische Erregungszustände, Aggressionen, delirante Symptome, psychotische Symptome, sowie Ängste (psychotische und nicht-psychotische). Pharmakologische Interventionen zielen auf Sedation, antipsychotische Wirkung und Anxiolyse (angstlösende Wirkung). Differenzialdiagnostisch sind somatische Ursachen und Komorbiditäten zu beachten. Bei Delirien sollten immer die Ursachen behandelt werden. Notfallsituationen verlangen unmittelbares Handeln, die Handlungsoptionen sind jedoch begrenzt. Gelingt es durch erste Interventionen die Notfallsituation in eine Krisendynamik zu überführen, gewinnt man nicht nur Zeit, sondern es eröffnen sich auch mehr Handlungsspielräume.
Ein Herz ohne Drehzahlbegrenzung
Authors: Gähwiler Roman , Templin Christian , Lüscher Thomas F. , Ghadri Jelena-Rima
Published: April 2014

Wir berichten über einen 38-jährigen Patienten, der uns von seinem Hausarzt zu einer kardialen Tauglichkeitsuntersuchung für die freiwillige Feuerwehr zugewiesen wurde. Dies aufgrund einer seit dem 15. Lebensjahr bestehenden asymptomatischen Sinustachykardie. Nach Ausschluss sekundärer Ursachen sowie einem posturalen orthostatischen Tachykardiesyndrom (POTS) erfolgte die Diagnosestellung des Syndroms einer inadäquaten Sinustachykardie (inappropriate sinustachycardia, IST). Bei einem Therapieversagen unter Metoprolol konnte schliesslich mittels einer Kombinationstherapie bestehend aus Bisoprolol und Ivabradin, ein normokarder Sinusrhythmus hergestellt werden.
Cortical Microinfarcts on 7T MRI in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: van Veluw Susanne J , Jolink Wilmar MT , Hendrikse Jeroen , Geerlings Mirjam I , Luijten Peter R , Biessels Geert Jan , Klijn Catharina JM
Published: April 2014

In patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) coexisting abnormalities on brain imaging can provide clues on the etiology of the underlying small vessel disease. We examined cortical cerebral microinfarcts as a novel marker of coexistent vascular damage in ICH. Twelve patients with spontaneous ICH and 15 controls underwent 7Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Microinfarcts were present in 9 of 12 patients with spontaneous ICH, and in 5 of 15 controls. This explorative study shows, for the first time, that microinfarcts appear to be a very common vascular comorbidity in spontaneous ICH. Future larger studies should further assess the etiological significance of these lesions.
Adsorption of SF6 decomposed gas on anatase (101) and (001) surfaces with oxygen defect: A density functional theory study
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxing , Chen Qinchuan , Tang Ju , Hu Weihua , Zhang Jinbin
Published: April 2014

The detection of partial discharge by analyzing the components of SF6 gas in gas-insulated switchgears is important to the diagnosis and assessment of the operational state of power equipment. A gas sensor based on anatase TiO2 is used to detect decomposed gases in SF6. In this paper, first-principle density functional theory calculations are adopted to analyze the adsorption of SO2, SOF2 and SO2F2, the primary decomposition by-products of SF6 under partial discharge, on anatase (101) and (001) surfaces. Simulation results show that the perfect anatase (001) surface has a stronger interaction with the three gases than that of anatase (101) and both surfaces are more sensitive and selective to SO2 than to SOF2 and SO2F2. The selection of a defect surface to SO2, SOF2 and SO2F2 differs from that of a perfect surface. This theoretical result is corroborated by the sensing experiment using a TiO2 nanotube array (TNTA) gas sensor. The calculated values are analyzed to explain the results of the Pt-doped TNTA gas sensor sensing experiment. The results imply that the deposited Pt nanoparticles on the surface increase the active sites of the surface and the gas molecules may decompose upon adsorption on the active sites.
Five-coordinate MII-semiquinonate (M = Fe, Mn, Co) complexes: reactivity models of the catechol dioxygenases
Authors: Wang Peng , Yap Glenn P. A. , Riordan Charles G.
Published: April 2014

The first mononuclear iron(ii)-semiquinonate has been prepared. Analogous manganese and cobalt adducts are reported, including a cobalt(ii)-semiquinonate that exhibits O2-mediated intradiol oxidation.
Integrating algaculture into small wastewater treatment plants: process flow options and life cycle impacts
Authors: Steele Muriel M. , Anctil Annick , Ladner David A.
Published: April 2014

Algaculture has the potential to be a sustainable option for nutrient removal at wastewater treatment plants.
Temperature dependent 2D self-assembled motif transition of copper–phthalocyanine derivates at air/HOPG interface: an STM study
Authors: Wang Yamin , Xu Hongbo , Wang HuanHuan , Li Shouzhu , Gan Wei , Yuan Qunhui
Published: April 2014

The mechanism of irreversible structure transition of a CuPcOC8 adlayer from quartic symmetry to hexagonal symmetry at the air/HOPG interface has been revealed by STM study.
Enzyme immobilization in biosensor constructions: self-assembled monolayers of calixarenes containing thiols
Authors: Demirkol Dilek Odaci , Yildiz Huseyin Bekir , Sayın Serkan , Yilmaz Mustafa
Published: April 2014

Herein, an amperometric glucose oxidase (GOx) biosensor is presented using calixarenes as an immobilization matrix of the biomolecule.
On the thermal degradation of anthocyanidins: cyanidin
Authors: Cabrita Luis , Petrov Vesselin , Pina Fernando
Published: April 2014

Cyanidin was studied by direct pH jumps (from equilibrated solutions at very low pH values to higher pH values) and reverse pH jumps (from equilibrated or not equilibrated solutions at higher pH values to very low ones).
Solid state synthesis of carbon-encapsulated iron carbide nanoparticles and their interaction with living cells
Authors: Davydov Valery , Rakhmanina Alexandra , Kireev Igor , Alieva Irina , Zhironkina Oksana , Strelkova Olga , Dianova Varvara , Samani Taraneh Djavanbakht , Mireles Karina , Yahia L. 'Hocine , Uzbekov Rustem , Agafonov Viatcheslav , Khabashesku Valery
Published: April 2014

Superparamagnetic carbon-encapsulated iron carbide nanoparticles have been synthesized and tested for cytotoxicity.
Touch spray mass spectrometry for in situ analysis of complex samples
Authors: Kerian Kevin S. , Jarmusch Alan K. , Cooks R. Graham
Published: April 2014

Touch spray, a spray-based ambient in situ ionization method, uses a small probe, e.g. a teasing needle to pick up sample and the application of voltage and solvent to cause field-induced droplet emission.
Shape directed biomineralization of gold nanoparticles using self-assembled lipid structures
Authors: Genc Rukan , Clergeaud Gael , Ortiz Mayreli , O'Sullivan Ciara
Published: April 2014

Lipid nanostructures including rectangular, hexagonal disks and twisted ribbons were used as soft matter templates for the biomineralization of gold.
Iodine mediated deprotection of N-tert-butanesulfinyl amines: a functional group compatible method
Authors: Chen Wen , Ren Jian , Wang Minshou , Dang Lingjing , Shen Xianfu , Yang Xiaodong , Zhang Hongbin
Published: April 2014

In the presence of iodine, a functional group compatible method for the deprotection of tert-butanesulfinyl and p-toluenesulfinyl units was developed.
Construction of nanoantennas on the bacterial outer membrane
Authors: Shiigi Hiroshi , Fukuda Maho , Tono Takatoshi , Takada Kaori , Okada Tomoyuki , Dung Le Quynh , Hatsuoka Yu , Kinoshita Takamasa , Takai Masahiro , Tokonami Shiho , Nakao Hidenobu , Nishino Tomoaki , Yamamoto Yojiro , Nagaoka Tsutomu
Published: April 2014

A simple and highly sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria is achieved by utilizing gold nanoparticles as an optical antenna.
Identifying sp–sp2 carbon materials by Raman and infrared spectroscopies
Authors: Wang Jinying , Zhang Shuqing , Zhou Jingyuan , Liu Rong , Du Ran , Xu Hua , Liu Zhongfan , Zhang Jin , Liu Zhirong
Published: April 2014

This work provides important clues for synthesizing and characterizing 2D sp–sp2 carbon materials by combining Raman and IR spectroscopies.
Studies on the reactions of [AuCl4]− with different nucleophiles in aqueous solution
Authors: Đurović Mirjana D. , Puchta Ralph , Bugarčić Živadin D. , van Eldik Rudi
Published: April 2014

The type of reaction that occurs between [AuCl4]− and Br−, I−, NO2−, tu, py and DMSO, as well as their kinetic parameters, were determined using UV-vis, rapid-scan, stopped-flow measurements, cyclic voltammetry, 1H NMR and theoretical calculations.
The dinitrosyliron complex [Fe4(μ3-S)2(μ2-NO)2(NO)6]2− containing bridging nitroxyls: 15N (NO) NMR analysis of the bridging and terminal NO-coordinate ligands
Authors: Yeh Shih-Wey , Tsou Chih-Chin , Liaw Wen-Feng
Published: April 2014

The fluxional terminal and semibridging NO-coordinate ligands of [Fe4(μ3-S)2(μ2-NO)2(NO)6]2− are characterized by IR ν(NO), 15N (NO) NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Response of osteoblast-like MG63 on neoglycosylated collagen matrices
Authors: Russo Laura , Sgambato Antonella , Giannoni Paolo , Quarto Rodolfo , Vesentini Simone , Gautieri Alfonso , Cipolla Laura
Published: April 2014

Collagen matrices modified in order to expose galactose residues to cells were studied for their interaction with osteosarcoma-derived cell line MG63.
Surface plasmon resonance for the characterization of bacterial polysaccharide antigens: a review
Authors: Brogioni Barbara , Berti Francesco
Published: April 2014

This review gives an overview of significant applications of flow SPR to investigate the specific interactions of bacterial polysaccharide antigens.
Neoglycosylation and neoglycorandomization: enabling tools for the discovery of novel glycosylated bioactive probes and early stage leads
Authors: Goff Randal D. , Thorson Jon. S.
Published: April 2014

Alkoxyamine-based strategies for the rapid chemoselective conjugation of sugars to drugs, natural products and bioactive small molecules.
Exploring the influence of cationic skeletons on the arrangement of isolated BO3groups based on RbMgBO3, CsZn4(BO3)3and Cs4Mg4(BO3)4
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhang Min , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua , Zhang Hui , Zhang Bingbing , Wang Ying , Kang Jing , Lin Xiaoxia
Published: April 2014

Cationic skeletons formed by cations with strong bonding (Mg2+and Zn2+) can influence the arrangement of isolated BO3groups, and lower-dimensional cationic skeletons are beneficial to obtain arranged BO3groups.
A simple way to prepare Au@polypyrrole/Fe3O4 hollow capsules with high stability and their application in catalytic reduction of methylene blue dye
Authors: Yao Tongjie , Cui Tieyu , Wang Hao , Xu Linxu , Cui Fang , Wu Jie
Published: April 2014

Au@PPy/Fe3O4 hollow capsules with excellent catalytic activity, good reusability and high stability were prepared in a simple way.
Bis-chlorination of a hexapeptide–PCP conjugate by the halogenase involved in vancomycin biosynthesis
Authors: Schmartz Patrick C. , Zerbe Katja , Abou-Hadeed Khaled , Robinson John A.
Published: April 2014

The vancomycin biosynthetic halogenase can bis-chlorinate both β-hydroxytyrosine residues-2 and -6 in a model substrate comprising a PCP-linked hexapeptide.
Dimanganese decacarbonyl/2-cyanoprop-2-yl-1-dithionaphthalate: toward sunlight induced RAFT polymerization of MMA
Authors: Miao Xuelang , Li Jiajia , Zhang Zhengbiao , Cheng Zhenping , Zhang Wei , Zhu Jian , Zhu Xiulin
Published: April 2014

Methyl methacrylate was polymerized in the presence of dimanganese decacarbonyl [Mn2(CO)10]/2-cyanoprop-2-yl-1-dithionaphthalate (CPDN) via a photo-induced controlled radical polymerization under visible (green LED with λmax of 565 nm) or sunlight irradiation at a moderate temperature.
Rapid ‘naked eye’ response of DCP, a nerve agent simulant: from molecules to low-cost devices for both liquid and vapour phase detection
Authors: Goswami Shyamaprosad , Manna Abhishek , Paul Sima
Published: April 2014

A rhodamine-based new chemosensor, RHM, has been designed and synthesized. It reacts selectively with the organophosphate compound, DCP, a well-known nerve gas simulant (both in the liquid and vapour phase).
Hexagonal phase β-NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+thin films with upconversion emission grown by electrodeposition
Authors: Tian Linlin , Wang Ping , Wang Hui , Liu Run
Published: April 2014

A facile anodic electrodeposition method has been developed to grow NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+films which exhibit intense green and red emission excited by a 980 nm laser.
The effect of boundary slip on elastohydrodynamic lubrication
Authors: Ponjavic Aleks , Wong Janet S. S.
Published: April 2014

Pressure-induced boundary slip in elastohydrodynamic lubrication, on application of an oleophobic coating, is measured by photobleached-fluorescence imaging velocimetry.
Controlling the self-assembly of cationic bolaamphiphiles: hydrotropic counteranions determine aggregated structures
Authors: Wu Guanglu , Thomas Joice , Smet Mario , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Xi
Published: April 2014

The size and substitution pattern of hydrotropic counteranions determine the aggregated structures of cationic bolaamphiphiles.
Self-assembled photoactive heterojunction phase gradient
Authors: Merle G. , Bassett D. C. , Finch J. A. , Demopoulos G. , Barralet J. E.
Published: April 2014

The plant derived chelating agent phytic acid was found to promote the aqueous formation of anatase. By then electrodepositing in an organic solvent the biphasic rutile–anatase mixture could be separated to form a graded heterojunction. A time series characterisation confirmed that a large increase in photocurrent density coincided with the appearance of anatase in the coating.
Modulating the Li+/Ni2+ replacement and electrochemical performance optimizing of layered lithium-rich Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 by minor Co dopant
Authors: Huang Xiaolan , Wang Min , Che Renchao
Published: April 2014

The influences of the Li+/Ni2+ replacement modulated by minor Co dopant on cyclic capacity and rate performance of lithium-rich cathode material Li1.2Ni0.2−z/2Mn0.6−z/2CozO2 (z = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.10) were investigated from the microstructural point of view by comprehensive techniques of HRTEM, EELS, SAED, and XRD.
A hybrid supercapacitor based on flower-like Co(OH)2 and urchin-like VN electrode materials
Authors: Wang Rutao , Yan Xingbin , Lang Junwei , Zheng Zongmin , Zhang Peng
Published: April 2014

A new hybrid supercapacitor with excellent electrochemical performance is fabricated by using the flower-like Co(OH)2 and urchin-like VN.
An ESIPT fluorescent dye based on HBI with high quantum yield and large Stokes shift for selective detection of Cys
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Jun-Hao , Zheng Wenjie , Chen Tianfeng , Tong Qing-Xiao , Li Dan
Published: April 2014

DPIN shows prominent ESIPT emission even in protic/polar solvents, and is further employed as a sensor for selective detection of Cys.
Real-time imaging of intracellular drug release from mesoporous silica nanoparticles based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer
Authors: Wang Jun , Gao Peng Pei , Yang Xiao Xi , Wang Ting Ting , Wang Jian , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: April 2014

A multifunctional nanodevice is designed based on doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded green fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FMSN) conjugated with folic acid (FA). Real-time monitoring of intracellular drug release based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer is achieved.
Solid phase synthesis of functionalised SAM-forming alkanethiol–oligoethyleneglycols
Authors: Murray James , Nowak Dominika , Pukenas Laurynas , Azhar Rizuan , Guillorit Mathieu , Wälti Christoph , Critchley Kevin , Johnson Steven , Bon Robin S.
Published: April 2014

We present an efficient solid phase synthesis methodology that provides easy access to a range of functionalised longchain alkanethiol–oligoethyleneglycols that form well-defined self-assembled monolayers on gold and are compatible with pre- or post-assembly conjugation of (bio)molecules.
Fabrication of functional nanosized patterns with UV-curable polysilsesquioxane on photovoltaic protective glass substrates using hybrid nano-imprint lithography
Authors: Shin Ju-Hyeon , Go Bit-Na , Choi Hak-Jong , Cho Joong-Yeon , Sung Soo Lee Albert , Hwang Seung Sang , Cha Hyuk Jin , Lee Heon
Published: April 2014

We fabricated moth-eye structures on photovoltaic (PV) protective glass, a hybrid nano-imprint lithography technique. The efficiency of the PV module with PV protective glass patterned on both sides was enhanced.
Electronic properties of nano-structured bismuth-antimony materials
Authors: Tang Shuang , Dresselhaus Mildred S.
Published: April 2014

Bismuth antimony (Bi1−xSbx) is one of the most important materials systems for fundamental materials science, condensed matter physics, low temperature thermoelectrics, infrared applications, and beyond.
Differential conformational dynamics in the closely homologous FK506-binding domains of FKBP51 and FKBP52
Authors: Mustafi Sourajit M. , LeMaster David M. , Hernández Griselda
Published: April 2014

As co-chaperones of Hsp90 (heat-shock protein 90), FKBP51 (FK506-binding protein of 51 kDa) and FKBP52 (FK506-binding protein of 52 kDa) act as antagonists in regulating the hormone affinity and nuclear transport of steroid receptor complexes. Exchange of Leu119 in FKBP51 for Pro119 in FKBP52 has been shown to largely reverse the steroid receptor activities of FKBP51 and FKBP52. To examine whether differences in conformational dynamics/plasticity might correlate with changes in the reported receptor activities, 15N-NMR relaxation measurements were carried out on the N-terminal FKBP domains of FKBP51 and FKBP52 as well as their residue-swapped variants. Both proteins exhibit a similar pattern of motion in the picosecond–nanosecond timeframe as well as a small degree of 15N line-broadening, indicative of motion in the microsecond–millisecond timeframe, in the β3a strand of the central sheet. Only the FKBP51 domain exhibits much larger line-broadening in the adjacent β3 bulge (40′s loop of FKBP12) and throughout the long β4–β5 loop (80′s loop of FKBP12). The L119P mutation at the tip of the β4–β5 loop completely suppressed the line-broadening in this loop while partially suppressing the line-broadening in the neighbouring β2 and β3a strands. The complementary P119L and P119L/P124S variants of FKBP52 yielded similar patterns of line-broadening for the β4–β5 loop as that for FKBP51, although only 20% and 60% as intense respectively. However, despite the close structural similarity in the packing interactions between the β4–β5 loop and the β3a strand for FKBP51 and FKBP52, the line-broadening in the β3a strand is unaffected by the P119L or P119L/P124S mutations in FKBP52.
A novel form of the human manganese superoxide dismutase protects rat and human livers undergoing ischaemia and reperfusion injury
Authors: Hide Diana , Ortega-Ribera Martí , Fernández-Iglesias Anabel , Fondevila Constantino , Salvadó M. Josepa , Arola Lluís , García-Pagán Juan Carlos , Mancini Aldo , Bosch Jaime , Gracia-Sancho Jordi
Published: April 2014

Hepatic microcirculatory dysfunction due to cold storage and warm reperfusion (CS+WR) injury during liver transplantation is partly mediated by oxidative stress and may lead to graft dysfunction. This is especially relevant when steatotic donors are considered. Using primary cultured liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), liver grafts from healthy and steatotic rats, and human liver samples, we aimed to characterize the effects of a new recombinant form of human manganese superoxide dismutase (rMnSOD) on hepatic CS+WR injury. After CS+WR, the liver endothelium exhibited accumulation of superoxide anion (O2−) and diminished levels of nitric oxide (NO); these detrimental effects were prevented by rMnSOD. CS+WR control and steatotic rat livers exhibited markedly deteriorated microcirculation and acute endothelial dysfunction, together with liver damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and low NO. rMnSOD markedly blunted oxidative stress, which was associated with a global improvement in liver damage and microcirculatory derangements. The addition of rMnSOD to CS solution maintained its antioxidant capability, protecting rat and human liver tissues. In conclusion, rMnSOD represents a new and highly effective therapy to significantly upgrade liver procurement for transplantation.
Quantitative and Descriptive Comparison of Four Acoustic Analysis Systems: Vowel Measurements
Authors: Burris Carlyn , Vorperian Houri K. , Fourakis Marios , Kent Ray D. , Bolt Daniel M.
Published: April 2014

Purpose

This study examines accuracy and comparability of 4 trademarked acoustic analysis software packages (AASPs): Praat, WaveSurfer, TF32, and CSL by using synthesized and natural vowels. Features of AASPs are also described.

Method

Synthesized and natural vowels were analyzed using each of the AASP's default settings to secure 9 acoustic measures: fundamental frequency (F0), formant frequencies (F1–F4), and formant bandwidths (B1–B4). The discrepancy between the software measured values and the input values (synthesized, previously reported, and manual measurements) was used to assess comparability and accuracy. Basic AASP features are described.

Results

Results indicate that Praat, WaveSurfer, and TF32 generate accurate and comparable F0 and F1–F4 data for synthesized vowels and adult male natural vowels. Results varied by vowel for women and children, with some serious errors. Bandwidth measurements by AASPs were highly inaccurate as compared with manual measurements and published data on formant bandwidths.

Conclusions

Values of F0 and F1–F4 are generally consistent and fairly accurate for adult vowels and for some child vowels using the default settings in Praat, WaveSurfer, and TF32. Manipulation of default settings yields improved output values in TF32 and CSL. Caution is recommended especially before accepting F1–F4 results for children and B1–B4 results for all speakers.
Evaluating the Dimensionality of First-Grade Written Composition
Authors: Kim Young-Suk , Al Otaiba Stephanie , Folsom Jessica S. , Greulich Luana , Puranik Cynthia
Published: April 2014

Purpose

This study examined dimensions of written composition by using multiple evaluative approaches such as an adapted 6 + 1 trait scoring, syntactic complexity measures, and productivity measures. It further examined unique relations of oral language and literacy skills to the identified dimensions of written composition.

Method

A large sample of 1st-grade students (N= 527) was assessed on their language, reading, spelling, letter writing automaticity, and writing in the spring. Data were analyzed using a latent variable approach, including confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.

Results

The seven traits in the 6 + 1 trait system were best described as two constructs: substantive quality and spelling and writing conventions. When the other evaluation procedures such as productivity and syntactic complexity indicators were included, four dimensions emerged: substantive quality, productivity, syntactic complexity, and spelling and writing conventions. Language and literacy predictors were differentially related to each dimension in written composition.

Conclusion

These four dimensions may be a useful guideline for evaluating developing beginning writers' compositions.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170432
An Investigation Into Semantic and Phonological Processing in Individuals With Williams Syndrome
Authors: Lee Cheryl S. , Binder Katherine S.
Published: April 2014

Purpose

The current study examined semantic and phonological processing in individuals with Williams syndrome (WS). Previous research in language processing in individuals with WS suggests a complex linguistic system characterized by “deviant” semantic organization and differential phonological processing.

Method

Two experiments explored these representations in individuals with WS. The first experiment analyzed the relative typicality and frequency of participants' responses to a semantic and phonological fluency task. The second experiment tapped into online language processing through a semantic priming task and an online sentence reading task measuring the effects of word frequency. Thirteen participants with WS were matched to a group of participants on reading grade level and a group of participants on chronological age.

Results

The results of the semantic fluency task, semantic priming task, and word frequency task suggest that semantic organization in individuals with WS appears commensurate with their reading level rather than deviant.

Conclusions

The pattern of results suggests that individuals with WS do not appear to have deviant semantic organization, while confirming that online tasks that tap into these processes are a promising direction in investigations that include atypically developing populations. These findings for the phonological tasks warrant further research into phonological processing in individuals with WS.