bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An in-vitro antimicrobial effect of 405 nm laser diode combined with chlorophylls of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Astuti Suryani Dyah
Published: June 2018

Background: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a bacterium commonly detected in the root canals of teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis or advanced marginal periodontitis. It has the ability to live in an extreme environment and survive as an organism with its virulence factor possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of post-treatment apical and marginal periodontitis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an urgently required alternative method of improving therapy effectiveness. Photodynamic therapy combined with conventional endodontic treatment decreases the number of antibioticresistant bacteria and biofilms. Chlorophyll is one of the photosensitizers added to enhance the absorption of light in photodynamic therapy. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of the combination of photodynamic laser therapy and Alfalfa chlorophyll in E. faecalis. Methods: In vitro study using E. faecalis distributed between negative control (C-) and positive control (C+), treatment groups using various energy doses of a 405 nm diode laser (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20 J/cm2) with (G1) and without alfalfa chlorophyll as organic photosensitizer (G2). The suspension was inoculated on Tryptocase Soy Agar (TSA) and incubated at 37° C for 24 hours. The number of colonyforming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) was determined. The results were analyzed by ANOVA with p value ≤0.05. Results: A 405 nm irradiating laser with or without a photosensitizer can decrease E. faecalis viability percentage through the administering of various energy doses. The highest decrease (42%) was obtained in the group without a photosensitizer using 20 J/cm2, while 10 J/cm2 in the group with a photosensitizer proved the most effective dose (25%). Conclusion: The results of this study showed a decrease in the viability of E. faecalis exposed to a 405 nm (40 mW) laser. An irradiating process using a 405 nm laser without a photosensitizer (Alfalfa chlorophyll) resulted in the highest percentage decrease (42%) in E. faecalis bacterial viability.
Study on Antimicrobial Potential of Selected Non-antibiotics and its Interaction with Conventional Antibiotics
Authors: Michael Hadera  , Selam Mehari  , N. Saleem Basha  , Nebyu D. Amha  , Yacob Berhane
Published: June 2018

The escalating levels of antimicrobial drug resistance render it indispensable to explore newer drugs with lesser degrees of toxicity and with fewer chances of developing resistance. Various studies on the discovery of novel antimicrobials have found different degrees of antimicrobial activity in commonly used medicines with diverse pharmacological actions i.e., non-antibiotics. The present work aimed to describe qualitatively and quantitatively in vitro antimicrobial activity of selected non-antibiotic drugs i.e., Acetyl salicylic acid, Methyldopa, Propranolol and Fluoxetine alone and in combination with three conventional antimicrobial drugs i.e., Ciprofloxacin, Benzyl penicillin, and Fluconazole against three standard test microorganisms, i.e., E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. Agar well diffusion method was used for testing antimicrobial sensitivity, while the drug interaction was estimated using fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC index) obtained from checkerboard broth dilution method.  All the four non-antibiotics tested for antimicrobial activity showed activity against at least one tested microorganism, whereas fluoxetine showed antimicrobial activity against all tested organisms. Combined effect of fluconazole + fluoxetine and fluconazole + propranolol against C. albicans showed synergistic activity based on the FICindex value obtained i.e., 0.25 and 0.1875, respectively. Based on the results, study suggests that fluoxetine among the other non-antibiotics has a potential for being developed into an effective antimicrobial agent. However, the study needs to be extended in the future to determine the in vivo antimicrobial activity.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Nigella sativa and Allium cepa Oil
Authors: Arif Ahmad Rather  , Kirti Jain
Published: June 2018

Many oxidative stress related diseases are as a consequence of accumulation of free radicals in the body. The various researches are going on globally directed towards finding natural antioxidants of plants origins. We planned to investigate the preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa and Allium cepa oil. The yield of oil of Nigella sativa and Allium cepa were 21.5% and 27.3%, respectively. Phytochemical screening was performed by using standard methods. The in vitro antioxidant study was done for Nigella sativa and Allium cepa oil by using hydrogen-donating activity, superoxide scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay and reducing power assay. The result of phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, steroids and fats in Nigella sativa and Allium cepa oil. The findings of DPPH, superoxide, reducing power and H2O2 radical scavenging activity exhibited that the oil of Nigella sativa and Allium cepa showed moderately to strongly free radical scavenging activity. Hence Nigella sativa and Allium cepa oil can play a major role in alleviating the number of oxidative stress by reducing the oxidative damage to cellular component caused by Reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Alterations in Zeta Potential and Osmotic Fragility of Red Blood Cells in Hyperglycemic Conditions
Authors: Swati S. Gaikwad  , Megha N. Karemore  , Jasmine G. Avari
Published: June 2018

The zeta potential is an electrokinetic property of red blood cells surface and in different disease conditions this property of the erythrocytes varies. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the alteration in zeta potential, lipid peroxidation and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in hyperglycemic conditions.  The zeta potential of the RBCs was measured using Zeta meter System 4.0. Lipid peroxidation, an indicator of tissue injury induced by reactive oxygen species was measured by the thiobarbituric acid assay (TBA). The percent haemolysis in terms of osmotic fragility was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometer (JASCO). The mean erythrocytic ZP of the control group was found to be 22.13±0.2789 mV whereas, erythrocytic ZP for diabetes mellitus patients was found to be 8.559±0.4864 mV. Similarly, when erythrocytic ZP of control pregnant women was measured, and it was found to be 21.07±0.3393 mV which were slightly lower than a control group. Mean ZP of GDM patients was found to be 10.12±0.2294 mV which was significantly less than both control group and pregnant control group. Variations in zeta potential values were accompanied by increased osmotic fragility of RBCs. It was also observed from determination of lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes, that there was formation of higher concentration of malondialdehyde with the erythrocytes of hyperglycemic patients compared to control group. The findings suggest that the zeta potential value of erythrocytes can act as a key indicator for demonstration of increased oxidative stress.
Nutrición y desigualdad en el largo plazo: ¿Qué enseña la historia antropométrica sobre España?
Authors: Martínez-Carrión José M.
Published: June 2018

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EL ESTADO NUTRITIVO DE LA POBLACIÓN ESPAÑOLA. 1860-2010: UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LAS DIFERENCIAS DE GÉNERO Y GENERACIONALES
Authors: Cussó Segura Xavier
Published: June 2018

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La desigualdad en el estado nutricional en la España interior a finales del siglo XVIII
Authors: García-Montero Héctor
Published: June 2018

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LOS MÁS ALTOS EN ESPAÑA HACE UN SIGLO. EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EN LAS CANARIAS OCCIDENTALES
Authors: Martínez-Carrión José M.
Published: June 2018

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DIFERENCIAS RURAL-URBANA DEL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EN VIZCAYA DURANTE LA REVOLUCIÓN INDUSTRIAL
Authors: Pérez-Castroviejo Pedro M.
Published: June 2018

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La evolución de la desigualdad del estado nutricional al sur de la Comunidad Valenciana: un análisis antropométrico de Elche y Orihuela entre 1840 y 1984
Authors: Cámara Antonio D.
Published: June 2018

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Presentación del estudio médico y nutricional de las fuerzas armadas españolas realizado en 1958 por el Interdepartamental Commitee on Nutririon for National Defense de EE.UU.
Authors: Fatjó Gómez Pedro
Published: June 2018

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El Instituto de Orientación Profesional de Barcelona (1917-1936): un estudio antropométrico
Authors: Muñoz Pradas Francisco
Published: June 2018

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Social disparities in Low Birth Weight among Spanish mothers during the economic crisis (2007-2015)
Authors: Terán de Frutos José Manuel
Published: June 2018

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Essential Amino Acid Supplementation Mitigates Muscle Atrophy After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Dreyer Hans C. , Owen Erin C. , Strycker Lisa A. , Smolkowski Keith , Muyskens Jonathan B. , Kirkpatrick Tessa K. , Christie Anita D. , Kuehl Kerry S. , Lantz Brick A. , Shah Steven N. , Mohler Craig G. , Jewett Brian A.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Substantial muscle atrophy occurs after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), resulting in decreased strength and impaired mobility. We sought to determine whether perioperative supplementation with essential amino acids (EAA) would attenuate muscle atrophy following TKA and whether the supplements were safe for ingestion in an older surgical population.

Methods:

We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of 39 adults (age range, 53 to 76 years) undergoing primary unilateral TKA who ingested 20 g of EAA (n = 19) or placebo (n = 20) twice daily for 7 days preoperatively and for 6 weeks postoperatively. At baseline and 6 weeks postoperatively, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained to measure quadriceps and hamstrings muscle volume. Secondary outcomes included functional mobility and strength. Data on physical activity, diet, and patient-reported outcomes (Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) were collected. Safety was determined through blood tests evaluating blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatinine clearance, homocysteine, and renal and liver function. Laboratory values at baseline, on the day of surgery, and at 2 days, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks postoperatively were compared between treatment groups. Analysis of covariance models, with baseline values as covariates, were used to evaluate outcomes between treatment groups. P values were adjusted for multiple tests.

Results:

Compared with baseline, the EAA group had significantly less decrease in mean quadriceps muscle volume compared with the placebo group in the involved leg (−8.5% ± 2.5% compared with −13.4% ± 1.9%; p = 0.033) and the contralateral leg (−1.5% ± 1.6% compared with −7.2% ± 1.4%; p = 0.014). The hamstrings also demonstrated a greater muscle-volume-sparing effect for the EAA group than for the placebo group in the involved leg (−7.4% ± 2.0% compared with −12.2% ± 1.4%; p = 0.036) and contralateral leg (−2.1% ± 1.3% compared with −7.5% ± 1.5%; p = 0.005). There were no differences between the groups in terms of functional measures or strength. Blood chemistry values varied significantly between assessments periods but did not statistically differ between groups.

Conclusions:

The results of the present study suggest that EAA supplementation is safe and reduces the loss of muscle volume in older adults recovering from TKA.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Optimal rainwater tank design for control of particulate contaminants
Authors: Won Yusik , Han Mooyoung , Park Hyunju , Kim Mikyeong
Published: June 2018

Rainwater systems, which collect rainfall from the roof surface, are an attractive alternative technology, and one of the cleanest water resources. Microorganisms can be treated by disinfection processes or by inducing a biofilm, but particulate matter can only be easily removed with effective storage tank design parameters. In this study, therefore, the effects of rainwater tank design parameters on the treatment of particulate contaminants are analyzed. The J-type inlet pipe seems to maintain stable rainwater quality by suppressing the resuspension of bottom sediments during rainfall inflow. The intermediate wall can prevent sediment from spreading to the whole storage tank, and provide functions such as securing the stable water quality of the outflow area and managing sediment flow to the inflow region. The baffles can simplify tank management such as sediment drainage and tank cleaning by leading to more sedimentation of particles in the unit area. Based on the water quality monitoring results of pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), and turbidity at the field scale, it is possible to supply a certain quality of water by optimizing tank design parameters alone even if particulate contaminants flow into the rainwater tank.
Degradation of textile dyes Remazol Yellow Gold and reactive Turquoise: optimization, toxicity and modeling by artificial neural networks
Authors: do Nascimento Graziele Elisandra , Napoleão Daniella Carla , da Rocha Santana Rayany Magali , Charamba Lívia Vieira Carlini , de Oliveira Julierme Gomes Correia , de Moura Maiara Celine , Coelho Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso , Duarte Marta Maria Menezes Bezerra
Published: June 2018

In this work, the degradation of Remazol Yellow Gold RNL-150% and Reactive Turquoise Q-G125 were investigated using AOP: photolysis, UV/H2O2, Fenton and photo-Fenton. It was found that the photo-Fenton process employing sunlight radiation was the most efficient, obtaining percentages of degradation above 87%. The ideal conditions for the degradation of the dyes were determined from a factorial design 23 and study of the [H2O2] ([H2O2] equal to 100 mg·L−1); [Fe] equal to 1 mg·L−1 and pH between 3 and 4. In the kinetic study, a degradation of more than 97% was obtained after 150 min for the chromophoric groups and 91% for the aromatic compounds. The experimental data obtained presented a good fit to the nonlinear kinetic model. The model of artificial neural networks multilayer perceptron (MLP) (4-11-5) using the software Statistica 8.0 enabled the modeling of the degradation process and showed a better prediction of the data. The toxicity to the seeds of Lactuca sativa and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis allowed to evaluate the effectiveness of the process. The results of this study suggest that the use of photo-Fenton process with sunlight radiation is an effective way to degrade the dyes under study.
Sobre caráter e personalidade: as antropologias de Fromm, Horkheimer e Adorno nos anos 1930 e 1940 [On character and personality: Anthropologies by Fromm, Horkheimer and Adorno in the 30's and 40's]
Authors: Costa Virginia Helena Ferreira da
Published: June 2018

O artigo pretende comparar noções de caráter e personalidade presentes em textos de Fromm, Horkheimer e Adorno de 1930 e 1940. A comparação tem como norte o delineamento de diferentes concepções de antropologia baseadas em duas leituras da teoria freudiana. De um lado, temos a teoria da falência da família como mediadora entre indivíduo e sociedade, formando um caráter “coeso” e socialmente adaptado por influência direta de instituições sociais. Neste âmbito, é enfatizada a teoria freudiana do desenvolvimento das fases sexuais individuais e a denúncia de Freud enquanto um “idealista” por não levar em consideração as determinações sociais. De outro lado, vemos uma antropologia mediada pela mercadoria, levando a uma centralidade crítica da reificação como denúncia de contradições sociais que são refletidas em conflitos psíquicos, formando uma personalidade também contraditória. Em relação a Freud, esta última antropologia enfatiza o inconsciente, pulsões e sexualidade, além da assunção de aspectos mais “pessimistas” de sua psicanálise. Para tanto, utilizamos, dentre outros, os Studien über Autorität und Familie e The Authoritarian Personality.[The article intends to compare the notions of character and personality on Fromm, Horkheimer and Adorno’s texts from 30’s and 40’s. The comparison is guided by the design of different conceptions of Anthropology based on two Freudian readings. On one side, we have the theory of the ruin of the family as a mediator between individual and society, forming a “cohesive” and socially adapted character by direct influence of social institutions. In this scope, Freud's theory of the development of the individual sexual phases is emphasized, as well as the denunciation that makes Freud an "idealist" for not taking social determinants into account. In contrast, one can formulate an Anthropology mediated by the commodity, leading to a critical centrality of reification as denunciation of social contradictions that are reflected in psychic conflicts, forming a personality also contradictory. In relation to Freud, the latter Anthropology emphasizes the unconscious, drives and sexuality, as well as the assumption of Freud’s more “pessimistic” aspects. Therefore, we use, among others, the Studien über Autorität und Familie and The Authoritarian Personality.]
Modulation of Immuno-biome during Radio-sensitization of Tumors by Glycolytic Inhibitors
Authors: Gupta Seema , Dwarakanath Bilikere S.
Published: June 2018

The Tumor Microenvironment (TME) comprising stromal cells, fibroblasts and various components of the immune system forms a pro-tumorigenic cocoon around the tumor cells with the reprogramming of the metabolism in the form of Warburg phenotype (enhanced aerobic glycolysis) in tumor as well as non-tumor cells. This reprogramming plays a significant role in suppressing the immune response leading to the survival and proliferation of tumor cells and resistance to therapies. Therefore, there is a considerable interest in developing strategies involving metabolic modifiers to improve the therapeutic efficacy that restores immune competence, besides enhancing the direct effects on tumor cells. Inhibitors of glycolysis like 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG; a hexokinase inhibitor), dichloroacetate and small molecule inhibitors of lactate transport (MCT-1) are some of the metabolic modifiers investigated for their therapeutic as well as adjuvant potential. Among these, 2-DG has been widely investigated and established as an ideal adjuvant in the radio- and chemotherapy of tumors. Modulation of the immuno-biome in the form of cytokine shifts, differential transcriptional regulation, abrogation of immunosuppressive network and reduced accumulation of lactate are some of the contributing factors for immune stimulation linked to the radio- and chemosensitization by glycolytic inhibitors.
Coating Matters: Review on Colloidal Stability of Nanoparticles with Biocompatible Coatings in Biological Media, Living Cells and Organisms
Authors: Schubert Jonas , Chanana Munish
Published: June 2018

Within the last two decades, the field of nanomedicine has not developed as successfully
as has widely been hoped for. The main reason for this is the immense complexity of
the biological systems, including the physico-chemical properties of the biological fluids as
well as the biochemistry and the physiology of living systems. The nanoparticles’ physicochemical
properties are also highly important. These differ profoundly from those of freshly
synthesized particles when applied in biological/living systems as recent research in this field
reveals. The physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles are predefined by their structural
and functional design (core and coating material) and are highly affected by their interaction
with the environment (temperature, pH, salt, proteins, cells). Since the coating material is the
first part of the particle to come in contact with the environment, it does not only provide biocompatibility,
but also defines the behavior (e.g. colloidal stability) and the fate (degradation,
excretion, accumulation) of nanoparticles in the living systems. Hence, the coating matters,
particularly for a nanoparticle system for biomedical applications, which has to fulfill its task
in the complex environment of biological fluids, cells and organisms. In this review, we
evaluate the performance of different coating materials for nanoparticles concerning their
ability to provide colloidal stability in biological media and living systems.
Interplay between the APOE Genotype and Possible Plasma Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zverova Martina , Kitzlerova Eva , Fisar Zdenek , Jirak Roman , Hroudova Jana , Benakova Hana , Lelkova Petra , Martasek Pavel , Raboch Jiri
Published: June 2018

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a
complex pathogenesis and a common occurrence of comorbid diseases such as depression. It is accepted
that the presence of the ε4 allele of the gene that encodes apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the strongest genetic
risk factor for the development of sporadic AD. Melatonin, cortisol, homocysteine, and prolactin
are presumed to be risk factors or biomarkers for stress- and age-related disorders.

Objective:

The interplay between the APOE genotype and plasma biomarkers was examined in patients
with AD presenting with or without depression to contribute to understanding the interdependence of
various molecular mechanisms in the pathophysiology of AD.

Method:

The APOE genotype and morning plasma melatonin, cortisol, homocysteine, and prolactin
concentrations were measured in 85 patients with AD and 44 elderly controls.

Results:

A significant association between AD and the allele (ε4) or genotype (ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4) frequencies
of APOE was confirmed. Plasma homocysteine and cortisol levels were significantly increased in
patients with AD compared to those in controls, independent of the presence of comorbid depressive
symptoms or the severity of dementia. Significantly lower plasma melatonin concentration was found in
patients with AD but not in controls, who were noncarriers of the APOE ε4 allele, regardless of the presence
of depression or the severity of dementia in AD.

Conclusion:

Our findings indicate the existence of a little-known specific APOE-mediated mechanism
that increases the plasma melatonin level in a subgroup of patients with AD who are carriers of the
APOE ε4 allele.
Antifungal Activity Directed Toward the Cell Wall by 2-Cyclohexylidenhydrazo- 4-Phenyl-Thiazole Against Candida albicans
Authors: de Sá Nívea P. , Pôssa Ana P. , Perez Pilar , Ferreira Jaqueline M.S. , Fonseca Nayara C. , Lino Cleudiomar I. , Cruz Lana B. , de Oliveira Renata B. , Rosa Carlos A. , Borelli Beatriz M. , Mylonakis Eleftherios , Fuchs Beth B. , Johann Susana
Published: June 2018

Background: The increasing incidence of invasive forms of candidiasis and resistance to antifungal therapy leads us to seek new and more effective antifungal compounds.  Objective: To investigate the antifungal activity and toxicity as well as to evaluate the potential targets of 2- cyclohexylidenhydrazo-4-phenyl-thiazole (CPT) in Candida albicans.  Methods: The antifungal activity of CPT against the survival of C. albicans was investigated in Caenorhabditis elegans. Additionally, we determined the effect of CPT on the inhibition of C. albicans adhesion capacity to buccal epithelial cells (BECs), the toxicity of CPT in mammalian cells, and the potential targets of CPT in C. albicans.  Results: CPT exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.4-1.9 µg/mL. Furthermore, CPT at high concentrations (>60 x MIC) showed no or low toxicity in HepG2 cells and <1% haemolysis in human erythrocytes. In addition, CPT decreased the adhesion capacity of yeasts to the BECs and prolonged the survival of C. elegans infected with C. albicans. Analysis of CPT-treated cells showed that their cell wall was thinner than that of untreated cells, especially the glucan layer. We found that there was a significantly lower quantity of 1,3-β-D-glucan present in CPT-treated cells than that in untreated cells. Assays performed on several mutant strains showed that the MIC value of CPT was high for its antifungal activity on yeasts with defective 1,3-β-glucan synthase.  Conclusion: In conclusion, CPT appears to target the cell wall of C. albicans, exhibits low toxicity in mammalian cells, and prolongs the survival of C. elegans infected with C. albicans.
Spatial Analysis to Identify Pedestrian Crash Zones: A Case Study of School Zones in Thailand
Authors: Bunnarong Somluk , Upala Prapatpong
Published: June 2018

Background:

In Thailand, it has the second highest road traffic fatality rate in the world at 36.2 deaths per 100,000 populations. The pedestrian crash zones are based on the road and physical environment, vehicle and driver behavior and pedestrian behavior, especially the area around the school. Therefore, this paper would like to improve safety by identifying crash area through Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

Objective:

The objective of this paper is to identify pedestrian crash zones of primary schools and secondary schools in Bangkok, Thailand through the spatial analysis and GIS tool.

Method:

The research methodology was the data collection from pedestrian-vehicle crashes in 2016 at 12 schools of 1,218 locations in Bangkok. The data analysis used GIS for geocoding the crash locations. The spatial patterns and pedestrian crash zone map were applied by Moran’s I statistic and the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE).

Results:

The Moran’s index showed that the accident locations within school zone were a clustered pattern considering on Moran’s Index which approached +1 and the z-scores greater than 2.58. The KDE showed that the pedestrian crash zones were different depending on the physical environment; however, the most significant areas were at urban areas, crowded areas, and intersections of arterial roads and local roads about 508 meters from the school center.

Conclusion:

This research could be concluded that the spatial patterns and pedestrian crash zone map will assist the transportation planners and traffic police for identifying crash locations and specific vulnerable road users, especially pedestrians and bicycle users.
Environmental Degradation in the Ikorodu Sub-Urban Lagos - Lagoon Coastal Environment, Nigeria
Authors: Odunuga Shakirudeen , Udofia Samuel , Osho Opeyemi Esther , Adegun Olubunmi
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Human activities exert great pressures on the environment which in turn cause environmental stresses of various intensities depending on the factors involved and the sensitivity of the receiving environment.

Objective:

This study examines the effects of anthropogenic activities along the sub-urban lagoon fragile coastal ecosystem using DPSIR framework.

Results:

The results show that the study area has undergone a tremendous change between 1964 and 2015 with the built up area increasing to about 1,080 ha (17.87%) in 2015 from 224 ha (1.32%) in 1964 at an average growth rate of 16.78ha per annum. The nature of the degradation includes an increasing fragility of the ecosystem through the emergence and expansion of wetlands, flooding and erosion as well as a reduction in the benefits from the ecosystem services. Population growth, between 2006 and 2015 for Ikorodu LGA, estimated at 8.84% per annum serves as the most important driving force in reducing the quality of the environment. This is in addition to Pressures emanating from anthropogenic activities. The state of the environment shows continuous resource exploitation (fishing and sand mining) with the impacts of the pressures coming from water pollution, bank erosion, biodiversity loss and flooding. Although there has been a strong policy formulation response from the government, weak implementation is a major challenge.

Recommendation:

The study recommends public awareness campaigns and the implementation of existing policies to ensure a sustainable sub-urban lagoon coastal environment..
Evaluating the Variation of Intraocular Pressure With Positional Change During Colorectal Laparoscopic Surgery: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Vitish-Sharma Parveen , King Anthony J , Stead Richard , Sharp John , Abbas Ali , Guo Boliang , Gornall Christopher , Maxwell-Armstrong Charles , Acheson Austin G
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

The incidence of perioperative visual loss following colorectal surgery in the US is quoted as 1.24 per 10,000. Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) during extreme Trendelenburg position leading to reduced optic nerve perfusion is thought to be a cause.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the effect of the degree of Trendelenburg tilt and time spent in Trendelenburg on IOP during laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

METHODS

Fifty patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery were recruited. A Tonopen XL applanation tonometer was used to take IOP measurements hourly during surgery, and each time the operating table was tilted. A correlation coefficient for the degree of Trendelenburg tilt and IOP was calculated for each patient. Group 1 included patients undergoing a right-sided colonic procedure, and Group 2 included all left-sided colonic operations.

RESULTS

The mean age of Group 1 participants (n=25) was 69 years (SD 14), and Group 2 (n=25) was 63 years (SD 16; P>.05). The average length of surgery for Group 1 was 142 minutes (SD 48), and Group 2 was 268 minutes (SD 99; P≤.05). The mean maximum degree of Trendelenburg tilt in Group 1 was 10 (SD 7) and Group 2 was 19 (SD 6; P≤.05). The mean IOP increase was 9 mm Hg (SD 5) for Group 1 and 15 mm Hg (SD 5) in Group 2 (P≤.05). An overall correlation coefficient for the degree of Trendelenburg tilt and IOP change (n=48) was .78.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a strong correlation between IOP elevation during laparoscopic colorectal surgery and the degree of Trendelenburg tilt. This may be significant for patients undergoing prolonged surgery and especially those with glaucoma.
Algunas exploraciones en torno a la reflexión metalingüística sobre la ironía verbal en los años escolares
Authors: Hess Zimmermann Karina , Fernández Ruiz Graciela , De León Alcantar Alejandra
Published: June 2018

El objetivo de esta investigación es observar la manera en que niños y adolescentes de edad escolar identifican y reflexionan sobre la ironía verbal. Para ello se trabajó con 30 participantes de tres edades distintas (9, 12 y 15 años; 10 participantes por grupo de edad). A cada participante se le presentaron de manera escrita cuatro enunciados irónicos y dos no-irónicos. Después de leer cada texto se le cuestionaba sobre lo que había querido decir el hablante con la expresión irónica y se le pedía que explicara por qué lo consideraba así. Los resultados del análisis señalan diferencias significativas por edad en la capacidad para identificar los textos irónicos, así como para reflexionar sobre los mismos mediante respuestas de contenido (relacionadas con el contenido del texto), forma (que hacen mención a la manera en que está construido el texto) y actuación (reflexiones en torno al impacto del texto sobre un potencial auditorio).
Interpretación de términos numéricos: un estudio empírico
Authors: Villaseñor García Gala Karina
Published: June 2018

En lingüística existe un debate sobre el significado e interpretación de los términos numéricos (TN) en las lenguas naturales. En el marco de este debate es necesario tomar en cuenta la composicionalidad para poder evaluar las posibles interpretaciones que puede recibir un TN. Partiendo de estos supuestos, resulta fundamental enriquecer los argumentos teóricos con datos empíricos que contribuyan a la discusión lingüística y psicolingüística sobre dichos términos. Para ello se llevó a cabo un primer experimento con el objetivo de poner a prueba los supuestos de dos posturas sobre semántica de TN, por un lado, la postura ingenua que sostiene una semántica exacta de los TN y, por otro, la postura contextualista que sostiene que la semántica de los TN se encuentra subespecificada. Asimismo, en este experimento se consideraron sistemáticamente los diferentes contextos lingüísticos que pueden afectar su interpretación. De manera general se encontró evidencia de que la lectura exacta de los TN es la más accesible y además se verificó que la composicionalidad sí es un factor importante que afecta el proceso de interpretación de estos términos.
La teoría general de la información en la arquitectura. El error en la villa Moller, la casa Track y el Palacio municipal de deportes de Huesca
Authors: García Triviño Francisco , Psegiannaki Katerina
Published: June 2018

Al contrario de como nació la teoría general de la información, el error forma parte de la comunicación. El denominado “colegio invisible” (Escuela de Palo Alto) pone de manifiesto cómo la eliminación de los errores para conseguir el isomorfismo del mensaje está en perjuicio de la comunicación que se establece. El artículo aplica esta teoría de la comunicación a la arquitectura. Muestra, a través de tres historias de arquitecturas conocidas, cómo los errores han sido decisivos, inseparables del mensaje final del proyecto.
Errores concretos, o la magia de los cascarones
Authors: González Pendás María
Published: June 2018

El error ha jugado un papel particularmente importante en el desarrollo de las tecnologías estructurales y constructivas del concreto, material cuya dimensión estética y mediática también ha permitido explotar el fallo desde su significado etimológico más sugerente, es decir, desde el del engaño o engatusamiento, a través de artimañas de lo visual propias de los mejores trucos de magia. Este artículo revela lo fundamental del error en la magia que sustentó a una de las arquitecturas de concreto más reconocidas y exitosas de la modernidad: los cascarones que Félix Candela realizó con su compañía constructora Cubiertas Ala a mediados del siglo xx. A partir de los dos errores más estrepitosos que sufrió Cubiertas Ala en sus dos décadas de vida: el colapso parcial de uno de los cascarones en construcción y el colapso financiero de la empresa, este artículo ofrece una nueva crítica histórica —y no matemática— de los cascarones, revelando lo fundamental del error cotidiano y encarnado en sus procesos de producción.
1949: Ciudad de México interpretada
Authors: Escudero Alejandrina
Published: June 2018

Durante el año de 1949, se llevaron a cabo dos acontecimientos relacionados con la Ciudad de México y su representación plástica: un concurso-exposición, organizado por el diario capitalino Excélsior, que convocaba a los pintores a interpretar la urbe de su momento; y el álbum editado por el crítico de arte Jorge Juan Crespo de la Serna, en el cual reunía obras de cinco pintores que participaron en dicho concurso. El propósito de este artículo es dar a conocer esos eventos excepcionales, que reunieron más de 250 pinturas y que abordaron todos los aspectos de la urbe de medio siglo xx.
El señor de las antinomias
Authors: López Mills Tedi
Published: June 2018

Un arquitecto sin obra visible, visitable, con un archivero lleno de planos y proyectos a gran escala es una anomalía y representa un problema: ¿cómo e, incluso, por qué darlo a conocer? En su historia hay una casa o, más bien, fotos de una casa que él construyó a principios de los años cincuenta del siglo pasado en Lomas de Bezares. La casa, de una sola habitación y fabricada con materiales  autóctonos, se hizo moderadamente célebre. Figura, por ejemplo, en el libro Mexico’s Modern Architecture de I. E. Myers, publicado en 1952; la breve nota que acompaña las imágenes expuestas en dos páginas menciona el piso de losas de concreto, la ausencia de muros interiores, el empleo de fibra de coco para aislar, el techo de asbesto corrugado (ahora estaría proscrito) y el pequeño mural pintado por el arquitecto en medio de la extensa vidriera que da al exterior. En 1952, apareció un artículo en Los Angeles Times: “A House for $1 500”. El propósito del arquitecto, se lee ahí, era evitar el empleo de materiales importados. Los muros externos se erigieron con la tierra que se extrajo al excavar el lote, mezclada con cemento y cal. El costo total de la casa —incluyendo los muebles que se diseñaron específicamente para ese espacio— fue de 13 500 pesos. Hay una foto de la terraza: parece suspendida encima de un hueco que habrá sido el zaguán. En las laderas de la loma sobresalen los magueyes entre las piedras. Algunas de las alacenas dentro de la casa colgaban del techo y un armario era lo que separaba la recámara de la sala y la cocina.
Hemos decidido no morir
Authors: Olivier Abarca Vindas Samantha
Published: June 2018

Primero coloque su mano a la altura de su cara. Asegúrese de que la palma y todas sus líneas premonitorias estén ahí, frente a sus ojos. Va usted muy bien. Ahora, es necesario recordar el nombre de todos los dedos de la mano, no será sencillo, pues esta nomenclatura la aprendió por ahí de los siete años de edad y no se usa muy a menudo, pero es indispensable recordarla para esta dinámica. Ok. Sin perder de vista su palma abierta, vaya llevando los dedos hacia el centro de la misma en el específico orden que se le indica: primero el meñique. Ahora el anular. Ya casi. Ahora el índice. Y por último, el pulgar. Ahí lo tiene: el corazón erguido, orgulloso, contundente, inconfundible. Está usted ante un concepto universal e inequívoco que, materializado en arquitectura, es la portada del primer número de la revista española Archienemy.
Professores e sua formação no mundo capitalista
Authors: Costa Rafael Fernando da , Oliveira Rita de Cassia de , Azevedo Heloisa Helena Oliveira de
Published: June 2018

O artigo consiste de resultados de estudos relacionados à educação e formação de professores na perspectiva do materialismo histórico e dialético. Objetiva fazer uma retomada sobre a formação do professor e seu papel como profissional. A questão principal é: é possível uma educação para a transformação social em um sistema que não privilegia a formação profissional do professor? O artigo analisa conflitos entre os objetivos da formação do professor relacionados às necessidades de atender ao mercado de trabalho capitalista e a formação que deveria ser oferecida ao professor enquanto agente de transformação dentro da escola. A discussão centra-se na ideia de que a formação de professores precisa pautar-se na epistemologia da práxis, que ressalta a necessidade de uma prática ligada ao estudo teórico e reflexivo, isto é, uma prática consciente que ofereça aos professores a possibilidade de compreender seu papel social no sistema capitalista, além das implicações nas vidas de seus alunos.
Especificidades do mestrado profissional
Authors: Sobral João Eduardo Chagas , De Sá Cavalcanti Anna Luiza Moraes
Published: June 2018

Este artigo se refere a palestra realizada durante o evento “Encontro de Pós-Graduação em Design – Cenários e Perspectivas” realizado na sede da ESPM-Rio em outubro de 2017. Nesse encontro foi oportunamente tratado sobre as características inerentes aos programas profissionais na pós-graduação brasileira. O artigo manteve o mesmo título da apresentação: “Especificidades do mestrado profissional”. De forma coerente à exposição, procurou-se contextualizar o ensino profissional no Brasil, caracteriza-lo e abordar os desafios dos programas profissionalizantes no âmbito do stricto sensu, propondo uma reflexão sobre a origem, a trajetória, as dificuldades enfrentadas e os desafios para o futuro. Discorre sobre as leis e ações que possibilitam e incentivam esses programas, assim como as principais dificuldades apresentadas pelas universidades na manutenção dos mesmos, e o que tem sido feito para enfrentar o paradigma que manteve até então a divisão entre o mundo acadêmico e o do setor produtivo. Palavras chaves: Ensino Profissionalizante no Stricto Sensu; Programas profissionais em Design; Ensino Profissionalizante e Pesquisa Aplicada
Editorial: O Encontro
Authors: Perrotta Isabella , Formiga Eliana
Published: June 2018

Texto de Isabella Perrota e Eliana Formiga
Programas de Pós-Graduação em Design: especificidades da região sul do Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Régio Pierre
Published: June 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar informações e especificidades dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Design, situados na Região Sul do Brasil. A origem deste texto foi uma apresentação realizada sobre o tema em um evento na Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing (ESPM), na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em outubro de 2017. Para desenvolver o artigo, foram realizados um levantamento na plataforma Sucupira e uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a pós-graduação em Design no Brasil. O artigo conclui que a maioria dos programas dessa região é recente, produtivo e desenvolve pesquisas em temática tecnológica. Os egressos tornam-se professores dos cursos de graduação em Design na região e no Brasil.
Um breve panorama da pesquisa em ergonomia no Brasil e algumas reflexões
Authors: Guimarães Lia Buarque de Macedo
Published: June 2018

Este artigo apresenta um resumo e reflexões sobre o estudo de Guimarães et al. (2016) quanto àsobr produção acadêmica (teses e dissertações) bBrasileira em ergonomia entre 1987 e 2012, disponível no banco de teses da plataforma CAPESapes/MEC em 2013. . O universo analisado foi de 796 publicaçõesresumos de 165 teses de doutorado, 506 dissertações de mestrado acadêmico e 125 dissertações de mestrado profissional que foram classificadoas pelo foco e tipo de abordagem do estudo. A  abordagem de 58,2% dos trabalhos são do tipo “diagnóstico” (sem recomendações ou com recomendações genéricas) principalmente em processo; 22,1% são “comparação ou proposta de métodos”; 9,9% são “diagnóstico com recomendação” principalmente de produto; 7,5% são “projeto completo” principalmente de produto; 1,3% são “produção de dados de base”; 0,6% são “perfil profissional”; e 0,4% são de “revisão de literatura”. Os : (1) apenas diagnóstico; (2) diagnóstico com recomendações; (3) projetos completos; (4) produção de dados de base; (5) comparação ou proposta de métodos; (6) perfil profissional; e (7) revisão de literatura. Também foi avaliado o foco (se em processo, produto ou interface) das publicações. Um total de, sendo que 35 delas  são sobre produto, e apenas 14  referem-se a um projeto ergonômico completo. A avaliação por área (Arquitetura, Design, Engenharia, Engenharia de Produção, Saúde e Outros) mostrou que a área de Engenharia de Produção tem o maior número de publicações (25%), estudando principalmente processos, seguida da área de Design (16%), focando principalmente em produto e dados de baA pesquisa mostrou que muitos resumos não trazem as informações mínimas (objetivo claro, principais resultados e aplicações) necessárias para despertar o interesse na leitura do texto e, servir de referência para outras 68,1% de diagnósticos disponíveis poderiam ser a base de outros estudos, aumentando o número de projetos completos, principalmente em processo (que representou apublicaçõpenas 1,76% dos 796 estudos), para atingir a meta maior da ergonomia: a otimização do trabalho e produtividade. Mas muitos resumos não trazem as informações mínimas (objetivo claro, principais resultados e aplicações) necessárias para despertar o interesse na leitura do texto na íntegra, e servir de referência para outros estudos. Poucas publicações foram geradas dos trabalhos das 5 instituições com maior produção, 51,1% tendo sido veiculadas em anais de congressos nacionais. Para que haja continuidade das pesquisas, propõe-se a criação de uma plataforma on line para fortalecer o intercâmbio entre instituições, que devem facilitar a disponibilização dos trabalhos e incentivar sua publicação.
A região dos desejos e das aventuras: diálogos sobre grandes projetos de integração e desenvolvimento na Amazônia nos séculos XIX e XX
Authors: Souza César Martins de
Published: June 2018

Desde o período colonial a região amazônica se constituiu em um desafio aos conquistadores e aventureiros que muitas vezes desapareciam ou morriam na floresta, em sua busca de novas riquezas. Ao final do século XIX, sobretudo ao longo do XX, a Amazônia se tornou em base de projetos que visavam o progresso do Brasil a partir da exploração das riquezas da região. Neste sentido, um mergulho na literatura e nos debates da historiografia permite refletir sobre o processo que levou a região amazônica ao centro da cena nacional em políticas e projetos de integração e desenvolvimento, transformando a região em produtor de matéria-prima para o capitalismo nacional e mundial, o que provocou fortes impactos socioambientais.
Doença e cura na etnomedicina Guarani Nhandeva: o médico e o xamã
Authors: Schallenberger Erneldo , Gonçalves dos Santos Jovane
Published: June 2018

Este artigo discute a concepção de saúde-doença para os Guarani, do subgrupo Nhandeva, da aldeia Tekohá Añetete. Adotando método da observação participante, buscou-se responder a questões como: O que é saúde e o que é doença para os Guarani? Para que servem os remédios industrializados? Estas questões assumem centralidade frente à necessidade de se considerar o pensamento nativo na formulação da Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde Indígena. O estudo revelou que o adoecimento de um sujeito está ligado ao afastamento de sua alma; a cura é feita pelo rezador (karaí), não pelos remédios, que, no máximo, podem aliviar os sintomas. A alma de um enfermo só se reaproxima dele através do karaí, que promove a cura e restabelece a saúde.
Modelos agropecuários no oeste catarinense: dos povos tradicionais aos integrados das agroindústrias
Authors: Cruz Daniel Scheren da , Branco Sacha Arielle , Dickmann Ivo
Published: June 2018

No referido estudo o objetivo central, será discorrer sobre o “desenvolvimento” do modelo de produção agropecuária da região Oeste do Estado de Santa Catarina. Sob efeito disto, torna-se necessário lançar a pesquisa, a qual foi realizada bibliograficamente, em direção ao povoamento ocorrido na região supracitada. Vão ser dados três enfoques ao povoamento e sua relação com os distintos modos de produção agropecuária. O primeiro enfoque será direcionado sobre os nativos desta terra, os quais já a povoavam muito antes da vinda dos europeus, e em seguida os caboclos, que eram de origem luso-brasileira. Por último a vinda dos descendentes de europeus com as suas técnicas de cultivo e formas de organização, assim como, a influência das empresas colonizadoras na divisão das terras. Outros dois pontos importantes são: o “desenvolvimento” do modelo agropecuário em nossa região sob a influência dos interesses do mercado neoliberal representado pela agroindústria, e as alternativas para a construção de um novo modelo agropecuário. Conclui-se que é possível estabelecer um novo modelo de produção na região de estudo, tendo em vista a diversidade de experiências que já fazem parte do histórico da economia solidária e da agroecologia no Oeste Catarinense.