bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistein İçeren Yeni Bir Adsorban Sentezi ve Sulu Ortamdan Pb(II) ve Hg(II) İyonlarının Giderimi
Authors: DENİZ Sabahattin , DARTAN Güler , TÜRKMENOĞLU Yalçın Kaan
Published: October 2018

Sulu
ortamlardaki ağır metal kirliliği canlı hayatı için çok önemli sorunlara neden
olabilmektedir. Pek çok organik kirleticilere göre sulu ortamda daha kararlı
bir yapıda bulunabilmeleri ve biyolojik ortamlarda birikebilmeleri çevre
sağlığı açısından geri dönülemez zararlara neden olabilmektedir. Gelişen ve
artan sanayii üretimi atık olarak pek çok ağır metal oluşturmakta ve bunların
kontrolsüz deşarjı temiz su kaynaklarının azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu
sebeple sulu ortamdan ağır metal giderimi tüm canlılar için oldukça önemli bir
konudur.

Bu
çalışmada 3-aminopropilsilika sistein ile modifiye edilerek yeni bir adsorban
sentezlendi ve karakterize edildi. Ardından sentezlenen bu adsorbanın Pb(II) ve
Hg(II) iyonları için adsorpsiyon kapasitesi incelendi. Maksimum adsorpsiyon
için en uygun şartlar (temas süresi, pH) belirlendi. Sentezlenen adsorbanın Pb(II)
ve Hg(II) iyonları için pH=6’ da 60 dakikada maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasitesi
sırasıyla 12,32 ± 0,2 ve 100,6 ± 0,2 mg g-1 olarak belirlendi.
Otomobil Disk Fren Balatalarının Deneysel Yöntemlerle Karakterizasyonu ve Karşılaştırılması
Authors: TOPUZ Polat
Published: October 2018

Bu çalışmada ülkemizde kullanılan otomobillere ait
yerli ve yabancı olmak üzere 3 adet fren disk balatasının bileşenleri;
aşınma-sürtünme karakteristikleri, mekanik ve fiziksel özellikleri açısından
deneysel çalışmalarla incelenmiş, yerli, yabancı ve orijinal (OEM) olanların
birbirleri ile çevre ve kullanım açısından karşılaştırılmaları yapılmıştır.
Kimyasal analizlerde, tarama elektron mikroskobu EDS sistemi ve XRF
kullanılmıştır. Balata malzemelerinin sıcaktaki kütle kayıplarını belirlemek
için TG (Termo Gravimetrik) analizleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca ısısal
değişiklikleri tespit amacıyla DT (Diferansiyel Termal) analizleri
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Balataların aşınma sürtünme testleri JIS 4411 standardına
göre yapılmıştır. Bunların dışında balataların sertlik, yoğunluk, iç kesme
dayanım değerleri ölçülmüştür. Deneysel veriler yabancı ve yerli balatalar için
çevre ve kullanım açısından karşılaştırılmıştır.
Princesas viajeras transatlánticas. Dos trayectorias dinásticas entre dos mundos en el tránsito del siglo XVIII al XIX
Authors: Ternavasio Marcela
Published: October 2018

This article discusses the lives of Carlota Joaquina of Spain and of Maria Leopoldina of Austria, from the standpoint of the culture of the journey and the approach of connected histories. With the epistolary genre as its source, it analyzes, on the one hand, their nature as princesses who were transatlantic travelers, and on the other, the ways in which their interlinked courses illustrate the reshaping of the links between the worlds which lived in a period of profound changes on a global scale. The experiences of the two monarchs reveal the impact of revolutionary, Euro-American events and the strategies which the threatened monarchies of the Old World employed to confront those dramatic changes.
How biological attention mechanisms improve task performance in a large-scale visual system model
Authors: Lindsay Grace W , Miller Kenneth D
Published: October 2018

How does attentional modulation of neural activity enhance performance? Here we use a deep convolutional neural network as a large-scale model of the visual system to address this question. We model the feature similarity gain model of attention, in which attentional modulation is applied according to neural stimulus tuning. Using a variety of visual tasks, we show that neural modulations of the kind and magnitude observed experimentally lead to performance changes of the kind and magnitude observed experimentally. We find that, at earlier layers, attention applied according to tuning does not successfully propagate through the network, and has a weaker impact on performance than attention applied according to values computed for optimally modulating higher areas. This raises the question of whether biological attention might be applied at least in part to optimize function rather than strictly according to tuning. We suggest a simple experiment to distinguish these alternatives.
Cryo-EM structure of respiratory complex I at work
Authors: Parey Kristian , Brandt Ulrich , Xie Hao , Mills Deryck J , Siegmund Karin , Vonck Janet , Kühlbrandt Werner , Zickermann Volker
Published: October 2018

Mitochondrial complex I has a key role in cellular energy metabolism, generating a major portion of the proton motive force that drives aerobic ATP synthesis. The hydrophilic arm of the L-shaped ~1 MDa membrane protein complex transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone, providing the energy to drive proton pumping at distant sites in the membrane arm. The critical steps of energy conversion are associated with the redox chemistry of ubiquinone. We report the cryo-EM structure of complete mitochondrial complex I from the aerobic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica both in the deactive form and after capturing the enzyme during steady-state activity. The site of ubiquinone binding observed during turnover supports a two-state stabilization change mechanism for complex I.
KChIP3 coupled to Ca2+ oscillations exerts a tonic brake on baseline mucin release in the colon
Authors: Cantero-Recasens Gerard , Butnaru Cristian M , Valverde Miguel A , Naranjo José R , Brouwers Nathalie , Malhotra Vivek
Published: October 2018

Regulated mucin secretion from specialized goblet cells by exogenous agonist-dependent (stimulated) and -independent (baseline) manner is essential for the function of the epithelial lining. Over extended periods, baseline release of mucin can exceed quantities released by stimulated secretion, yet its regulation remains poorly characterized. We have discovered that ryanodine receptor-dependent intracellular Ca2+ oscillations effect the dissociation of the Ca2+-binding protein, KChIP3, encoded by KCNIP3 gene, from mature mucin-filled secretory granules, allowing for their exocytosis. Increased Ca2+ oscillations, or depleting KChIP3, lead to mucin hypersecretion in a human differentiated colonic cell line, an effect reproduced in the colon of Kcnip3-/- mice. Conversely, overexpressing KChIP3 or abrogating its Ca2+-sensing ability, increases KChIP3 association with granules, and inhibits baseline secretion. KChIP3 therefore emerges as the high-affinity Ca2+ sensor that negatively regulates baseline mucin secretion. We suggest KChIP3 marks mature, primed mucin granules, and functions as a Ca2+ oscillation-dependent brake to control baseline secretion.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
PENGARUH WORD OF MOUTH TERHADAP PURCHASE INTENTIONDENGAN BRAND IMAGE DAN PERCEIVED SERVICE QUALITY SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA PROGRAM KPR BERSUBSIDI DI SURABAYA
Authors: Indra Carolus
Published: October 2018

Pertumbuhan penduduk di Indonesia sangat pesat, terutama di kota-kota besar seperti Surabaya. Dengan perkembangan yang ada kebutuhan akan tempat tinggal juga semakin tinggi. Produk Kredit Pemilikan Rumah adalah salah satu Produk yang sangat dicari oleh konsumen.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh dari Word of mouth communication terhadap Purchase intention pada KPR bersubsidi di Surabaya dengan Brand Image dan Perceived service quality sebagai variabel intervening. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menyebarkan kuisioner kepada 150 responden calon pelanggan KPR bersubsidi di Surabaya. Teknik analisa yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis kuantitatif dengan metode path analysis.
DEFINIÇÃO DE INDICADORES DE SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL APLICADOS A RIOS URBANOS COM O USO DO MÉTODO DELPHI.
Authors: Martinez Barreto Mikhail , Santos Moraes Luiz Roberto
Published: October 2018

Atualmente, a grande maioria da humanidade vive em ambientes urbanos e tem a água como uma riqueza fundamental para a sua saúde e seu bem-estar. Tais ambientes são definidos, principalmente, pela ação do homem em históricos processos de constituição, transformação e suporte do meio, processos estes que geram danos à natureza. O uso de indicadores é uma das formas de se medir esses danos, resumindo a informação e transmitindo o essencial dos dados originais de forma sintética. Indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental têm se mostrado válidos para compreender e monitorizar as problemáticas relacionadas aos rios urbanos. O artigo tem por objetivo definir indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental aplicados a rios urbanos. Após revisão bibliográfica sobre o uso de indicadores como ferramentas metodológicas de avaliação da sustentabilidade ambiental em rios urbanos, definiu-se uma matriz inicial de indicadores. Em seguida, o método Delphi foi utilizado para apontar, a partir do consenso de um painel de especialistas, os indicadores aplicados a rios urbanos. Dos 38 especialistas convidados a participar do Delphi, 15 estiveram em todas as rodadas. A matriz consolidada foi definida com 25 indicadores considerados muito relevantes na escala de relevância adotada.
ESPORTE, CULTURA CORPORAL E PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO CRÍTICA
Authors: Neto Gabriel Pereira Paes , Furtado Renan Santos , França Ney Ferreira
Published: October 2018

Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica na qual analisamos o esporte, suas possibilidades a partir da prática pedagógica com fundamentação na cultura corporal, na pedagogia histórico-crítica e no referencial gramsciniano, bem como no método dialético, assim, o processo pedagógico deve situar o esporte como uma prática social, portanto, trata-se de uma ação em prol da transformação da realidade. Analisou-se que o esporte é um fenômeno próprio dos seres humanos e que se constitui como parte do conjunto do saber sobre a produção humana e que deve ser socializado à humanidade numa perspectiva emancipatória, atrelada a um projeto formador e revolucionário, o socialista.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO INTEGRADA NA EXPERIÊNCIA PROEJA /FIC-PRONATEC EM GOIÂNIA
Authors: Castro Mad Ana Desirée Ribeiro , Barbosa Sebastião Cláudio
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho reflete sobre os pressupostos da formação integrada contidos no Documento Base do Proeja Fic, norteadores da experiência Proeja/Fic-Pronatec em Goiânia. Foram discutidos os fundamentos ontológico-históricos, teleológicos e expressão da práxis do trabalho, compreendendo-os como princípios da formação integrada e também como possibilidades de empreender processos educativos emancipatórios. 
O TRABALHO DIDÁTICO NAS SOCIEDADES MESOPOTÂMICAS EL TRABAJO DIDÁTICO EN LAS SOCIEDADES MESOPOTÁMICAS THE DIDACTIC WORK IN MESOPOTAMIC SOCIETY
Authors: Martins Jander Fernandes , Wingert Vitória Duarte
Published: October 2018

O presente trabalho é fruto de um estudo realizado pelos autores em disciplina vinculada ao PPG Processos e Manifestações Culturais-FEEVALE, objetivando “identificar e analisar as formas históricas de educadores na civilização mesopotâmica”. Para isso, valeu-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica em manuais da História da Educação. O referencial teórico-metodológico pautou-se na categoria analítica Organização do Trabalho Didático, Formações socioculturais e Processo Civilizatório. Por fim esse estudo demonstrou ser o escriba, a primeira forma histórica de preceptorado. Constituindo seu trabalho didático, a partir de um instrumental didático e em um local específico, os zigurats.  A pertinência desse estudo se revelou profícuo, pois os estudos sobre as civilizações Antigas, na perspectiva marxista/marxiana, apresentam instigantes reflexões, abrindo um leque de discussão merecedor de atenção.
A EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR E FORMAÇÃO PARA O MERCADO: A “EMPREGABILIADE” E A PRODUÇÃO DO TRABALHO SUPÉRFLUO
Authors: Gomes Marco Antônio de Oliveira , Ferrazzo Gedeli , Lôbo Cláudia Barbosa
Published: October 2018

O artigo analisa a impossibilidade de a educação escolar cumprir o papel de inserção do trabalhador no merca do de trabalho. No contexto da crise estrutural do capitalismo, verifica-se o propósito burguês de conservação da ordem, utilizando-se de ideias abstratas como empregabilidade e empreendedorismo. Trata-se de proposições que responsabilizam o trabalhador pelo desemprego. O referencial teórico teve aporte em autores como Marx e Engels (1984, 2007), Frigotto (1999), Outhwaithe e Bottomore (1996) dentre outros. Por fim, conclui-se que a luta pela escola pública possibilita o acesso ao que há de mais rico na produção humana. Seu objetivo final é contribuir para preparar o caminho para uma revolução radical que supere a ordem burguesa e emancipe todos os homens.
FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR NO CONTEXTO DAS NOVAS DIRETRIZES CURRICULARES NACIONAIS
Authors: Santos Adriana Regina de Jesus , Gonçalves Jose Alexandre , Silva Thaise Pereira da , Costa Rogerio Da
Published: October 2018

Analisam-se neste trabalho algumas questões referentes à construção da identidade profissional do professor, implícita nas atuais Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Formação Inicial e Continuada dos Profissionais do Magistério da Educação Básica. Para a realização deste estudo utilizamos como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, cuja finalidade foi apresentar como estas diretrizes orientam a formação dos licenciados para a atuação docente, tendo em vista as propostas que se estabelecem nos princípios e fundamentos dessa resolução. Acreditamos que essa discussão possibilitará a reflexão sobre a relevância dessa normativa, oportunizando transformações no âmbito da formação inicial de professores.

 

 Formação de professores; Licenciatura, Diretrizes.
A EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA E SUAS POSSIBILIDADES NO ENSINO MÉDIO INTEGRADO
Authors: Marques Guilherme De Souza , Gawryszewski Bruno
Published: October 2018

O presente texto tem como objetivo analisar o papel da Educação Física em instituições que ofereçam a modalidade de Ensino Médio Integrado. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórico-empírica em que foi combinada a revisão bibliográfica sobre o Ensino Médio Integrado e a Educação Física com observações e entrevistas como instrumentos da pesquisa de campo. O estudo defende que a Pedagogia Crítico-Superadora para o ensino da Educação Física se constitui no fundamento teórico-pedagógico mais adequado para a perspectiva da integração do Ensino Médio com a Educação Profissional. Concluímos com a pesquisa de campo que há um esforço em organizar a disciplina de forma mais integrada, embora ainda falte maior organicidade e clareza da proposta.
DEMOCRACIA E EDUCAÇÃO: FLORESTAN FERNANDES EM DEFESA DA ESCOLA PÚBLICA
Authors: Okumura Julio Hideyshi
Published: October 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o pensamento educacional de Florestan Fernandes, no movimento Em Defesa da Escola Pública ocorrido em 1960. Para compreendê-lo, elencamos três pontos: sociologicamente, influenciado por K. Mannheim, Florestan preconizava a aplicação da ciência na formação do cidadão democrático, participante de um momento de desenvolvimento industrial e tecnológico; pedagogicamente, o autor propunha que as relações entre professor e aluno fossem democráticas e em questões políticas, que a verba pública fosse destinada somente à escolar pública. A leitura do autor, mesmo ao passar de 60 anos, certamente nos oferecerá reflexões atualíssimas sobre a educação brasileira e seus dilemas.
“O IMPERIALISMO, ETAPA SUPERIOR DO CAPITALISMO” de VLADIMIR IILICH ULIANOV LENIN.
Authors: Spellmann Samuel
Published: October 2018

Resenha de “O Imperialismo, Etapa Superior do Capitalismo” de Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.
A ATUAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CONSCIÊNCIA SOCIALISTA PARA A ATUALIDADE HISTÓRICA
Authors: Santos Sayarah Carol Mesquita dos
Published: October 2018

A finalidade deste artigo consiste em analisar como a educação pode atuar no desenvolvimento da consciência socialista diante da atualidade histórica. Utilizamos como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir de referências teóricas como Marx (2013), Lukács (2013), Mészáros (2008, 2011), Tonet e Lessa (2012), Bertoldo (2015), Chesnais (2011), Sampaio Junior (2011), entre outros. A educação, esfera social fundada do trabalho, ao atuar na consciência dos homens pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento contínuo da consciência de classe, bem como colaborar para construção de uma nova sociedade com vista à emancipação humana.
Clinical commissioning of a new patient positioning system, SyncTraX FX4, for intracranial stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Tanabe Satoshi , Umetsu Osamu , Sasage Toshikazu , Utsunomiya Satoru , Kuwabara Ryota , Kuribayashi Toshiki , Takatou Hiromasa , Kawaguchi Gen , Aoyama Hidefumi
Published: October 2018

Background & Aims

A new real‐time tracking radiotherapy (RTRT) system, the SyncTraX FX4 (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), consisting of four X‐ray tubes and four ceiling‐mounted flat panel detectors (FPDs) combined with a linear accelerator, was installed at Uonuma Kikan Hospital (Niigata, Japan) for the first time worldwide. In addition to RTRT, the SyncTraX FX4 system enables bony structure‐based patient verification. Here we provide the first report of this system's clinical commissioning for intracranial stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT).

Materials & Methods

A total of five tests were performed for the commissioning: evaluations of (1) the system's image quality; (2) the imaging and treatment coordinate coincidence; and (3) the localization accuracy of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and SyncTraX FX4; (4) the measurement of air kerma; (5) an end‐to‐end test.

Results & Discussion

The tests revealed the following. (1) All image quality evaluation items satisfied each acceptable criterion in all FPDs. (2) The maximum offsets among the centers were ≤0.40 mm in all combinations of the FPD and X‐ray tubes (preset). (3) The isocenter localization discrepancies between CBCT and preset #3 in the SyncTraX FX4 system were 0.29 ± 0.084 mm for anterior‐posterior, −0.19 ± 0.13 mm for superior‐inferior, 0.076 ± 0.11 mm for left‐right, −0.11 ± 0.066° for rotation, −0.14 ± 0.064° for pitch, and 0.072±0.058° for roll direction. the Pearson's product‐moment correlation coefficient between the two systems was >0.98 in all directions. (4) The mean air kerma value for preset #3 was 0.11 ± 0.0002 mGy in predefined settings (80 kV, 200 mA, 50 msec). (5) For 16 combinations of gantry and couch angles, median offset value in all presets was 0.31 mm (range 0.14–0.57 mm).

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate a competent performance of the SyncTraX FX4 system in terms of the localization accuracy for intracranial SRT.
Investigational Pharmacological Treatments for Vascular Calcification
Authors: Schantl Antonia E. , Ivarsson Mattias E. , Leroux Jean‐Christophe
Published: October 2018

In the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the medical threats posed by vascular calcification (VC). This recent development comes after a long history of misinterpreting this condition as a mere consequence of aging. As a result, there is presently no pharmacological treatment approved for the prevention or ablation of VC. Patients diagnosed with this chronic and debilitating condition are hence left at a great risk of experiencing serious cardiovascular events. Researchers, however, are ever better understanding the disease's pathophysiology, and promising avenues for drug development have emerged. In this review, recent clinical results of proposed calcification inhibitors are consolidated and selected investigational therapeutics are portrayed. Finally, opportunities for drug development approaches are highlighted and an objective account of challenges that remain in achieving this goal is provided.
[Co@Sn6Sb6]3−: An Off‐Center Endohedral 12‐Vertex Cluster
Authors: Wilson Robert J. , Hastreiter Florian , Reiter Kevin , Büschelberger Philipp , Wolf Robert , Gschwind Ruth M. , Weigend Florian , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: October 2018

We report on the asymmetric occupation of a 12‐vertex cluster centered by a single metal atom. Three salts of related intermetalloid cluster anions, [Co@Sn6Sb6]3− (1), [Co2@Sn5Sb7]3− (2), and [Ni2@Sn7Sb5]3− (3) were synthesized, which have pseudo‐C4v‐symmetric or pseudo‐D4h‐symmetric 12‐vertex Sn/Sb shells and interstitial Co− ions or Ni atoms. Anion 1 is a very unusual single‐metal‐“centered” 12‐atom cluster, with the inner atom being clearly offset from the cluster center for energetic reasons. Quantum chemistry served to assign atom types to the atomic positions and relative stabilities of this cluster type. The studies indicate that the structures are strictly controlled by the total valence electron count—which is particularly variable in ternary intermetalloid cluster anions. Preliminary 119Sn NMR studies in solution, supported by quantum‐chemical calculations of the shifts, illustrate the complexity regarding Sn:Sb distributions of such ternary systems.
Dynamic functional connectivity analysis reveals decreased variability of the default‐mode network in developing autistic brain
Authors: He Changchun , Chen Yanchi , Jian Taorong , Chen Heng , Guo Xiaonan , Wang Jia , Wu Lijie , Chen Huafu , Duan Xujun
Published: October 2018

Accumulating neuroimaging evidence suggests that abnormal functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) contributes to the social‐cognitive deficits of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although most previous studies relied on conventional functional connectivity methods, which assume that connectivity patterns remain constant over time, understanding the temporal dynamics of functional connectivity during rest may provide new insights into the dysfunction of the DMN in ASD. In this work, dynamic functional connectivity analysis based on sliding time window correlation was applied to the resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 28 young children with ASD (age range: 3–7 years) and 29 matched typically developing controls (TD group). In addition, k‐means cluster analysis was performed to identify distinct temporal states based on the spatial similarity of each functional connectivity pattern. Compared with the TD group, young children with ASD showed decreased dynamic functional connectivity variance between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the right precentral gyrus, which is negatively correlated with social motivation and social relating. Cluster analysis revealed significant differences in functional connectivity patterns between the ASD and TD groups in discrete temporal states. Our findings reveal that atypical dynamic interactions between the PCC and sensorimotor cortex are associated with social deficits in ASD. Results also highlight the critical role of PCC in the social‐cognitive deficits of ASD and support the concept that understanding the dynamic neural interactions among brain regions can provide insights into functional abnormalities in ASD. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1479–1493. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Social cognitive dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with dysfunction of the default mode network (DMN), a set of brain areas involved in various domains of social processing. We found that decreases in the dynamic functional connectivity variance between the posterior cingulate cortex and the sensorimotor cortex are associated with deficits in social motivation and social relating in young children with ASD. This result suggests that aberrations in the DMN and its dynamic interactions with other networks contribute to atypical integration of information with respect to self and others.
Adaptive trajectories and early risk factors in the autism spectrum: A 15‐year prospective study
Authors: Baghdadli Amaria , Michelon Cécile , Pernon Eric , Picot Marie‐Christine , Miot Stéphanie , Sonié Sandrine , Rattaz Cécile , Mottron Laurent
Published: October 2018

Little is known about long‐term outcomes. We investigate the adaptive trajectories and their risk factors in ASD. Data were obtained from 281 children prospectively followed untill adulthood. The final sample consisted of 106 individuals. Vineland scores were collected at baseline (T1), 3 (T2), 10 (T3), and 15 (T4) years later. A group‐based method was used to identify homogeneous patterns of adaptive skills trajectories. Results show that among the children initially categorized as autistic, 82.6% remained over the ADOS diagnostic threshold, 11.9% converted to atypical autism, and 5.4% fell under the ADOS threshold. Most atypical autism diagnoses were unstable. Most (81.7%) autistic participants had an ID at inclusion. At T1, 59.3% were nonverbal, but only 39% at T4. Most changes occurred between 4 and 8 years of age. Approximately 25% of participants exhibited a “high” growth trajectory, in which progress continues throughout adolescence, and 75% a “low” growth trajectory, characterized by greater autistic symptoms, intellectual disability, and lower language abilities reflected by high CARS scores, low apparent DQ, and speech difficulties, which mostly, but not always, predicted low trajectories. Our findings suggest that the adaptive prognosis of autism is mostly poor in this cohort, biased toward intellectual disability. However, changes in diagnostic, speech, and adaptive status are not uncommon, even for indivduals with low measured intelligence or apparent intellectual disability, and are sometimes difficult to predict. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1455–1467. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Most autism diagnoses given before 5 years of age are stable to adulthood, but one‐fifth of individuals are no longer considered to be autistic, even in a cohort biased toward apparent intellectual disability. Conversely, atypical autism diagnoses are mostly unstable. One‐third of children who are nonverbal at 5 years are verbal within 15 years, mostly before 8 years of age. Concerning adaptive behavior outcomes, only one‐fourth of children exhibit a high‐growth trajectory through at least 15 years.
Lessons Learned From Helping Schools Manage Lead in Drinking Water to Protect Children's Health
Authors: Burlingame Gary A. , Bailey Cathy , Nelson James , Arnette Verna J. , Bradway Scott , Holthouse Putz Andrea R. , Stark Alan , Schwer Patrick , Sanborn Lily H. , Tobiason John E. , Via Steve
Published: October 2018

Managing lead in the complex plumbing systems of school buildings can be a challenge, but proper guidance, careful planning, and collaboration increase the likelihood of achieving this worthy goal.
Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on brain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Sorri Annamari , Järventausta Kaija , Kampman Olli , Lehtimäki Kai , Björkqvist Minna , Tuohimaa Kati , Hämäläinen Mari , Moilanen Eeva , Leinonen Esa
Published: October 2018

Objectives

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been associated with depression and its treatment response. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on serum and plasma BDNF levels and change of Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and their associations in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods

The study included thirty patients suffering from MDD. Their serum and plasma BDNF levels were examined before ECT (baseline) and after the first, fifth, and last ECT session. The severity of the depression and the response to ECT were measured with MADRS.

Results

Electroconvulsive therapy caused no significant changes in serum BDNF levels. Plasma BDNF levels decreased during the fifth ECT session between the baseline and the 2‐hr samples (p = 0.019). No associations were found between serum or plasma BDNF levels and remission. The correlations between plasma and serum BDNF levels in each measurement varied between 0.187 and 0.636.

Conclusions

Neither serum nor plasma BDNF levels were systematically associated with the clinical remission. However, the plasma BDNF levels somewhat varied during the ECT series. Therefore, the predictive value of BDNF for effects of ECT appears to be at least modest.
Illustration of inversion‐recovery and Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill sequences by the determination of ethanol content in alcoholic beverages
Authors: Gossuin Yves , Vuong Quoc L. , Grunin Leonid , Van Nedervelde Laurence , Pietercelie Anne
Published: October 2018

In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) education, the introduction of the relaxation phenomenon and the relaxation times (T1 and T2) is an important and compulsory step, as is the description of the Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (CPMG) and inversion‐recovery (IR) measurement sequences. Indeed those sequences are still used nowadays for, respectively, the measurement of T2 and T1 but also in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and NMR spectroscopy. Practical works with the students, performed for example with water, allow to illustrate this part of the teaching. In this work we propose an alternative and funny way to introduce these important topics. With a few microliters of a concentrated Gd3+ solution, a few milliliters of an alcoholic beverage and a low resolution and low field NMR device, it is possible, thanks to the relaxation phenomenon and using CPMG and IR sequences, to measure the alcohol content of the beverage provided that the alcohol proton exchange with water protons is taken into account. First the method is validated with synthetic water‐ethanol mixtures, then it is used to study nine different alcoholic beverages. The correlation of the ethanol volume fractions determined by NMR with the actual ethanol content of the beverages is rather good, especially for the method based on T2 relaxation, with a correlation coefficient r2 = 0.994. However, it seems that the method developed in this work always underestimates the ethanol volume fraction at high ethanol content for a reason which remains to be found.
The Role of Electronic Triplet States and High‐Lying Singlet States in the Deactivation Mechanism of the Parent BODIPY: An ADC(2) and CASPT2 Study
Authors: De Vetta Martina , González Leticia , Corral Inés
Published: October 2018

The potential tunability of the spectroscopic properties of the boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) parent dye by suitable functionalization makes it attractive for a number of applications. The intrinsic remarkable fluorescence of the parent compound, which strongly competes with intersystem crossing to the triplet states, can be reverted by structural tuning of the BODIPY core, leading to BODIPY derivatives suitable for photodynamic therapy purposes. With the perspective of rationally designing BODIPY derivatives with enhanced intersystem crossing, the goal of this work is two‐fold: a) To investigate the main deactivation channels of the parent BODIPY following irradiation, paying particular attention to the accessibility of the triplet‐state potential energy surfaces, as well as the non‐radiative pathways involving the second brightest, most stable singlet electronic state S2, and b) to evaluate the performance of the computationally efficient second‐order algebraic‐diagrammatic construction scheme for the polarization propagator (ADC(2)) against the complete active space second‐order perturbation theory (CASPT2) method. Three singlet/triplet crossings were found, all of them with small spin−orbit couplings, with the S1/T2 crossing being the most plausible for the observed intersystem crossing yield. Methodologically, it is found that the ADC(2) method qualitatively reproduces the landscape of the potential energy profiles for the photophysical processes investigated; however, it systematically underestimates the energies of the stationary points and crossings of the same and different multiplicity, with the largest discrepancies found at S1/S0 crossing points. Our CASPT2 results provide a comprehensive picture of the landscape of the excited‐state potential energy surfaces of the parent BODIPY that might serve as a basis for the rational design of photosensitizers with a particular photophysical profile.
From the geological prognosis to the TBM drive: Planning the main construction lots of the Brenner Base Tunnel
Authors: Mair am Tinkhof Kurt , Radončić Nedim , Reinhold Chris , Insam Romed , Rehbock‐Sander Michael
Published: October 2018

It is state of the art to drive long tunnels in Alpine areas using hard rock TBMs. Mechanised tunnelling has much less flexibility than conventional excavation, so a deeper analysis of the available geological and geotechnical fundamentals is needed. In the course of planning the mechanised drives of the main tunnels on the Austrian side of the Brenner Base Tunnel, a detailed tunnelling concept was created, which deals with the project‐specific features and boundary conditions. The exploratory tunnel, which is used for geological and geotechnical exploration for the construction of the main tunnels, is currently being excavated. Through additional analyses, the geotechnical model could be verified and a reliable update of the rock parameters and the associated critical decisions has been achieved. All further specifications regarding TBM requirements, additional and auxiliary measures, support concept, bill of quantities and construction time model were based on the prognosis of system behaviour.
Hard rock tunnelling in Norway
Authors: Hörlein Norbert
Published: October 2018

Tunnelling in Scandinavia differs in several ways from the methods used in Central Europe. Porr Bau GmbH has been working since the end of 2016 with the subsidiary PNC on the first tunnelling project for the company in Norway. The project Fv.17 is located in Nordland, 10 km south of the Arctic Circle. The narrow coastal road is to be upgraded with two new tunnels. The Norwegian fjords are well known as vacation destinations and for their nature, but building tunnels in this environment is challenging, and the rock conditions are also demanding. The rock types described in the tender changed, leading to high water inflow. Systematic rock grouting needed to be carried out to finish the tunnel drive.
Selection and specification of a tunnel boring machine as the leading factor for the achievement of project goals
Authors: Flora Matthias , Jäger Manfred , Teuscher Peter
Published: October 2018

For almost all tunnelling jobs in the world – independent of continent or culture – the question has to be answered, which is the most suitable tunnelling method or in case of a mechanised tunnelling project the preferred tunnel boring machine to be used. Just the correct choice of a machine does not necessarily lead to the success of a project, which depends more on the design of the tunnel boring machine as well as the definition of measures to cope with all possible events during the advance. The core of the article constitutes a priori determined decision‐making process and the resulting guideline and intends to raise awareness of the critical criteria and parameters.
Rostro‐caudal organization of the human posterior superior temporal sulcus revealed by connectivity profiles
Authors: Cheng Chen , Fan Lingzhong , Xia Xiaoluan , Eickhoff Simon B. , Li Hai , Li Haifang , Chen Junjie , Jiang Tianzi
Published: October 2018

The posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) plays an important role in biological motion perception but is also thought to be essential for speech and facial processing. However, although there are many previous investigations of distinct functional modules within the pSTS, the functional organization of the pSTS in its full functional heterogeneity has not yet been established. Here we applied a connectivity‐based parcellation strategy to delineate the human pSTS subregions based on distinct anatomical connectivity profiles and divided it into rostral and caudal subregions using diffusion tensor imaging. Subsequent multimodal connection pattern analyses revealed distinct subregional connectivity profiles. From this we inferred that the two subregions are involved in distinct functional circuits, the language processing loop and the cognition attention network. These results indicate a convergent functional architecture of the pSTS that can be revealed based on different types of connectivity and is reflected in different functions and interactions. In addition, when the subregions were performing their processing in the different functional circuits, we found asymmetry in the bilateral pSTS. Our findings may improve the understanding of the functional organization of the pSTS and provide new insights into its interactions and integration of information at the subregional level.
Improvement in colistin‐induced reproductive damage, apoptosis, and autophagy in testes via reducing oxidative stress by chrysin
Authors: Aksu Emrah Hicazi , Kandemir Fatih Mehmet , Küçükler Sefa , Mahamadu Amdia
Published: October 2018

This study aimed to investigate the effect of chrysin on colistin‐induced reproductive toxicity. Twenty‐eight adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four groups of seven rats each. Group I received physiological saline for 7 days. Group II received 50 mg/kg/day chrysin for 7 days. Group III received a total dose of 73 mg/kg colistin for 7 days. Group IV received 50 mg/kg/day chrysin by an oral gavage after the colistin treatment. Colistin causes an increase in oxidative stress (OS) in the testis. Chrysin treatment significantly decreased the OS in the chrysin + colistin group compared with the colistin group. The highest caspase‐3 and LC3B expression levels were found in the colistin group and these levels were statistically lower in the chrysin + colistin group. Colistin treatment caused a decrease in sperm motility and an increase in sperm abnormality. Chrysin treatment mitigated these side effects significantly. In conclusion, chrysin treatment can be beneficial against colistin‐induced reproductive toxicity.
Oligomeric proanthocyanidins mitigate cholesterol and cholic acid diet–induced hepatic dysfunction in male Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Sankar Jamuna , Rathinavel Ashokkumar , Mohammed Sadullah Sakeena Sadullah , Devaraj Sivasitamparam Niranjali
Published: October 2018

Dysregulated synthesis of hepatic cholesterol is a critical determinant of atherosclerosis. The combination of cholesterol and cholic acid (CC) diet supplementation to animal models is associated with hepatic dysfunction‐mediated atherosclerosis. The current study was designed to investigate the hepatic cholesterol–lowering effects of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) in CC diet fed rats. CC diet–induced group exhibited significant increase in the hepatic lipid profile, activities of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase (HMGR), PON‐1, LCAT, LPL, and LPO levels, and messenger RNA expression of HMGR, low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr), and HNF‐4α. Administration of OPC (100 mg/kg/bwt) resulted in the significant reduction of lipid profile and HMGR levels, with concomitant increase in the levels of cholesterol‐regulating enzymes and upregulated expression of LDLr and HNF‐4α, which was similar to atorvastatin. Molecular docking studies also revealed that proanthocyanidins had a strong binding affinity to HMGR, similar to atorvastatin. Our findings suggest that OPC regulate the impaired cholesterol metabolism–associated atherosclerosis through hepatic cholesterol–lowering effect.
The patterns of homicide offence characteristics and their associations with offender psychopathology
Authors: Abreu Minero Valeria , Dickson Hannah , Barker Edward , Flynn Sandra , Ibrahim Saied , Shaw Jennifer
Published: October 2018

Previous research suggests different crime scene patterns reflect differences in the background characteristics of the offender. However, whether differences in crime scene patterns are related to offender psychopathology remains unclear. We hypothesise that schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depressive illness will each associate to a specific homicide crime scene pattern. Homicide data were obtained from the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. Our sample comprised 759 homicides committed by offenders in contact with mental health services in the year preceding the offence and with an available psychiatric report. We used joint correspondence analysis to examine patterns between different methods of homicide, circumstances of homicide, victim gender, and victim age groups. Three homicide patterns were identified: male conflict homicide, intimate female homicide, and child homicide. Additionally, each homicide pattern was associated with one or more mental illnesses. Results are discussed in terms of the possible role of psychopathology in “offender profiling” research.
Nature‐Based Training Program Fosters Authentic Leadership
Authors: van Droffelaar Boy , Jacobs Maarten
Published: October 2018

Authentic leadership is frequently promoted as a leadership style that responds to the contemporary challenges that leaders face. The current experimental study (n = 66) tested intrapersonal change toward authentic leadership after participation in a nature‐based training program that included a stay in remote wilderness without any facilities. Authentic leadership was measured before, immediately after, and 1 year after the training program. All components of authentic leadership increased, namely self‐awareness, internalized moral behavior, balanced processing, and relational transparency, with medium to large effect sizes (d ≈ .7). Changes in general personality traits were of a lower magnitude, suggesting that change was specific to authentic leadership, rather than extending into general psychological characteristics. The findings demonstrate that a nature‐based training program can increase authentic leadership. Immersion in wilderness is possibly conducive to change in leadership style, and could be considered as a strategy for fostering leadership change.
Translation of morphological and functional musculoskeletal imaging
Authors: Pedoia Valentina , Majumdar Sharmila
Published: October 2018

In an effort to develop quantitative biomarkers for degenerative joint disease and fill the void that exists for diagnosing, monitoring, and assessing the extent of whole joint degeneration, the past decade has been marked by a greatly increased role of noninvasive imaging. This coupled with recent advances in image processing and deep learning opens new possibilities for promising quantitative techniques. The clinical translation of quantitative imaging was previously hampered by tedious non‐scalable and subjective image analysis. Osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis using X‐rays can be automated by the use of deep learning models and pilot studies showed feasibility of using similar techniques to reliably segment multiple musculoskeletal tissues and detect and stage the severity of morphological abnormalities in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Automation and more advanced feature extraction techniques have applications on larger more heterogeneous samples. Analyses based on voxel based relaxometry have shown local patterns in relaxation time elevations and local correlations with outcome variables. Bone cartilage interactions are also enhanced by the analysis of three‐dimensional bone morphology and the potential for the assessment of metabolic activity with simultaneous Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/MR systems. Novel techniques in image processing and deep learning are augmenting imaging to be a source of quantitative and reliable data and new multidimensional analytics allow us to exploit the interactions of data from various sources. In this review, we aim to summarize recent advances in quantitative imaging, the application of image processing and deep learning techniques to study knee and hip OA. ©2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res XX:XX–XX, 2018.
Preclinical induced membrane model to evaluate synthetic implants for healing critical bone defects without autograft
Authors: DeBaun Malcolm R. , Stahl Alexander M. , Daoud Adam I. , Pan Chi‐Chun , Bishop Julius A. , Gardner Michael J. , Yang Yunzhi P.
Published: October 2018

Critical bone defects pose a formidable orthopaedic problem in patients with bone loss. We developed a preclinical model based on the induced membrane technique using a synthetic graft to replace autograft for healing critical bone defects. Additionally, we used a novel osteoconductive scaffold coupled with a synthetic membrane to evaluate the potential for single‐stage bone regeneration. Three experimental conditions were investigated in critical femoral defects in rats. Group A underwent a two‐stage procedure with insertion of a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacer followed by replacement with a 3D printed polycaprolactone(PCL)/β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) osteoconductive scaffold after 4 weeks. Group B received a single‐stage PCL/β‐TCP scaffold wrapped in a PCL‐based microporous polymer film creating a synthetic membrane. Group C received a single‐stage bare PCL/β‐TCP scaffold. All groups were examined by serial radiographs for callus formation. After 12 weeks, the femurs were explanted and analyzed with micro‐CT and histology. Mean callus scores tended to be higher in Group A. Group A showed statistically significant greater bone formation on micro‐CT compared with other groups, although bone volume fraction was similar between groups. Histology results suggested extensive bone ingrowth and new bone formation within the macroporous scaffolds in all groups and cell infiltration into the microporous synthetic membrane. This study supports the use of a critical size femoral defect in rats as a suitable model for investigating modifications to the induced membrane technique without autograft harvest. Future investigations should focus on bioactive synthetic membranes coupled with growth factors for single‐stage bone healing. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
High mobility group box‐1 induces pro‐inflammatory signaling in human nucleus pulposus cells via toll‐like receptor 4‐dependent pathway
Authors: Shah Bhranti S. , Burt Kevin G. , Jacobsen Timothy , Fernandes Tiago D. , Alipui Didier Olivier , Weber Kathryn T. , Levine Mitchell , Chavan Sangeeta S. , Yang Huan , Tracey Kevin J. , Chahine Nadeen O.
Published: October 2018

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (DD) is associated with low back pain, the leading cause of disability worldwide. Damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that contribute to inflammation and trigger DD have not been well characterized. Extracellular high mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) protein has been implicated as a potent DAMP and pro‐inflammatory stimulus in the immune system. In this study, we show that HMGB1 and IL‐6 levels increase in patients with advanced DD in comparison to early DD. This study further tested the hypothesis that HMGB1 promotes inflammatory signaling driving DD in human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and tissue. Immunofluorescence and western blot analysis confirmed the expression of HMGB1 and its extracellular release by NP cells under cell stress. Gene expression and protein quantification indicate that HMGB1 stimulates the expression IL‐6 and MMP‐1 in a dose‐dependent manner. The contributions of toll‐like receptor (TLR) −2, −4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) as receptors mediating HMGB1 signaling was examined using small molecule inhibitors. Inhibition of TLR‐4 signaling, with TAK‐242, completely abrogated HMGB1 induced IL‐6 and MMP‐1 expression, whereas inhibition of TLR‐2, with O‐vanillin, or RAGE, with FPS‐ZM1, had mild inhibitory effects. HMGB1 stimulation activated NF‐ĸB signaling while TAK‐242 co‐treatment abrogated it. Lastly, effects of HMGB1 on matrix deposition was evaluated in a 3D culture system of human NP cells. These results implicate HMGB1 as a potent DAMP that promotes inflammation in NP cells and degradation of NP tissues. TLR4‐HMGB1 axis is a potential major pathway to alleviate disc inflammation and mitigate DD. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res