bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and Prioritization of Clinical Decision Support Functionalities Built Within A Computerized Provider Order Entry System
Authors: Karajizadeh Mehrdad , Zand Farid , Vazin Afsaneh , Nasiri Mahdi , Sharifian Roxana
Published: February 2021

Background: Clinical decision support (CDS) functionalities in Computerized Provider Order Entry system (CPOE) need to be identified by the institutional healthcare providers in developing countries. In this regard, CDS functionalities should be a priority for the execution in CPOE. Objectives: Thus, our study was done to identify and prioritize the CDS functionalities in CPOE. Methods: A Two-round Modified Delphi process was used. Firstly, a systematic search was conducted in electronic databases from the date of database inception to February 2019 for identifying CDS functionalities integrated into CPOE. Studies were retrieved from databases, including PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Science Direct, ACM digital library, and IEEE Xplore Digital Library. Secondly, the Modified Delphi method was carried out in 2019 to provide contextual priorities regarding CDS functionalities in CPOE in two iterative rounds. A total of 12 experts working in the three Intensive Care Units (ICUs) with more than three years of experience with homegrown CPOE in Shiraz Nemazee Teaching Hospital, including two clinical pharmacists, two health information management faculty member, four cases with critical care fellowship, and four critical care experts participated in the study. The ≥ 66.6% agreement was considered as the consensus level. SPSS software version 24 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Totally, 327 studies, which met eligibility criteria were found. A number of 60 potential CDS functionalities in CPOE were identified from eligible studies. Also, 13 out of 60 CDS functionalities reached high priority consensus after 2 iterative Delphi rounds, including drug-allergy checking (83.3%), basic dosing guidance (75%), single dosing checking (66.7%), duplicate therapy checking (66.7%), drug-pregnancy alerts (75%), time-based alerts (66.7%), alert for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis (66.7%), alerts for duplicate medication order checking (66.7%), drug-drug interaction checking (75%), intelligent dosing guidance based on the patients’ characteristics (66.7%), renal-drug problems checking (83.3%), drug-disease interaction checking (66.7%), and displaying medication/test cost (75%). Conclusions: Our study identified high-priority CDS functionalities to be considered in the CPOE system from the viewpoint of multidisciplinary experts, especially in Iran. Results of this study may be beneficial to plan, design, and implement CDS functionalities in CPOE in the ICU.
Does Prolonged Exposure of Environmental Fungi to Ultraviolet Irradiation Change the Pattern of Drug Resistance?
Authors: Lotfali Ensieh , Valizadeh Behshad , Ghasemi Reza , Feghhi Seyed Amir Hossein
Published: February 2021

Background: The pathogenic and opportunistic fungal species cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. The ultraviolet (UV) germicidal irradiation is a well-known method for inactivating a significant number of microorganisms and has wide application for sterilization. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultraviolet C (UV-C) irradiation on the antifungal susceptibility pattern of some filamentous fungi. Methods: The effect of UV-C on the antifungal susceptibility pattern of itraconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin B against filamentous fungi was examined. Changes in the morphological features of resistant strains following UV-C irradiation were also evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Results: The results revealed a significant decrease in the number of the surviving spores of strains with the prolongation of UV-C irradiation (0 - 10 to 20 min; P < 0.05). Concerning the morphology of resistant Aspergillus spp., the results of scanning electron microscopy showed a significant increase in the length of irradiated hyphae compared to the non-irradiated hyphae (P < 0.05). In addition, colony count showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05). The findings revealed that UV-C radiation exposure could alter the antifungal susceptibility pattern of Aspergillus spp., such as increasing the minimum inhibitory concentration. Conclusions: Aspergillus spp. can cause systemic infections among lab technicians exposed to different doses of radiation. Moreover, this increase in susceptibility pattern can directly affect the duration of treatment.
A Physics of Thought
Authors: Vermeiren Florian ,   DePaul University
Published: February 2021

In What Is Philosophy? Deleuze and Guattari understand concepts in a very unconventional way. One of the central aspects of their theory is that concepts are self-referential and should not be understood in terms of any form of reference or representation. Instead, concepts are complex “assemblages” interacting on a “plane of immanence.” I argue that we can best understand this theory through the philosophy of Spinoza. The latter understands thought and ideas through the model of physical bodies. Spinoza’s theory of thought is, as François Zourabichvili says, a “physics of thought.” I do not only call upon Spinoza to elucidate the general approach of Deleuze and Guattari; I also use Spinoza’s notions of modal essence and existence, interpreted by Deleuze in terms of intensity and extensity, to expound the details of their distinction between concepts and propositions.
The “Relations of Affect” and “the Spiritual”
Authors: Lightbody Brian ,   DePaul University
Published: February 2021

In his book Foucault and Religion, Jeremy Carrette presents a compelling argument against Foucault’s genealogical method (what he terms “relations of force”). In brief, Carrette holds that while Foucault’s genealogical method effectively unmasked the origins of “rationality” and “madness,” it was less successful when explaining the materialization of “the spiritual.” Foucault’s analysis of spiritual practices is at best functional and, according to Carrette, fails to explain the psychophysical state of subjects engaged in religious customs. In the following paper, I argue that Carrette is correct; there are limitations to Foucault’s genealogical method, especially when explaining subjectivization processes, such as conversion experiences. However, I demonstrate that we can perform a successful genealogical investigation of the spiritual by adding an additional lens of analysis to “the relations of power” and “the relations of meaning” Foucault employs. I call this lens “the relations of affect.” I use this tool to explain Augustine’s transformative process, as observed in the saint’s Confessions.
Electrochemical exfoliation-streamline method for synthesis of nitrogen doped graphene
Authors: Olins Roberts , Lesnicenoks Peteris , Kleperis Janis , Knoks Ainars , Lukosevics Ingars
Published: February 2021

Graphene was discovered in the early 21st century, but has already proven itself in many applications – energy, medicine, electronics, food and sports, and more. Functionalization of nanostructured carbon materials with both non-metallic and metallic atoms is possible in various ways, imparting enhanced or new properties to the starting material, even catalytic activity. A method of electrochemical exfoliation was used to obtain the graphene sheets and simultaneously functionalize them with nitrogen. To ensure N-doping the process is done in a NaN3 electrolyte solution which provides less quantity of oxygen groups that tend to block defect sites on the graphene, compared with such solvents as NaNO2. Two graphite electrodes are inserted into the electrolyte and a pulse power of 0–10V is applied. The solution containing the obtained material is filtered through a 0.1 µm filter and dried. The material is characterized using SEM, XRD and XPS. In the XPS characterization graphene oxide is used as a reference material.
Quantitative determination of the new substance 7-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-thioxo-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-8(7H)-one as a potential pharmaceutical agent
Authors: Netosova Krystyna , Zavada Oksana , Materiienko Anna , Zhuravel Iryna , Baiurka Serhii
Published: February 2021

The article presents results of studies on the development of a quantification method for a substance 7-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-8(7H)-one using the method of nonaqueous potentiometric titration. Validation of the developed method has been carried out confirming the following characteristics: linearity, accuracy and precision that match the acceptance criteria for these measures.
Organization of 5S ribosomal DNA of Litchi chinensis Sonn.
Authors: Ishchenko O. O. , Kozub V. V. , Panchuk I. I.
Published: February 2021

Aim. 5S ribosomal DNA (5S rDNA) represents a universal model for studying the evolution of repeated sequences in eukaryotic organisms. Taking into account that this region of the genome still remains almost undescribed in species of the family Sapindaceae, we investigated the molecular organization of a repeated unit of 5S rDNA in a member of this family, Litchi chinensis. Methods. PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of 5S rDNA. Results. It was found that the length of the repeated unit of the 5S rDNA of L. chinensis is 321 -323 bp. The level of intragenomic similarity of 5S rDNA repeats is 87.1 %. Potential external elements of the RNA polymerase III promoter, which are localized in IGS, differ from those described for members of other families of angiosperms. Conclusions. In the genome of L. chinensis, at least two classes of 5S rDNA repeats are present, which differ in the sequence of external promoter elements.

Keywords: 5S rDNA, molecular evolution, Litchi chinensis, Sapindaceae.
Polymorphism of COI gene in honey bees from different regions of Ukraine
Authors: Cherevatov O. V. , Melnik E. O. , Volkov R. A.
Published: February 2021

Aim. The rapidly evolving mitochondrial CoI gene is widely used in the molecular taxonomy of insects to identify closely related forms. Accordingly, to assess the distribution of subspecies / breeds of Apis mellifera in Ukraine, sequencing and comparison of this gene was performed for bees from different geographical regions. Methods. PCR amplification and sequencing of CoI. Results. Breed-specific mutations in the CoI gene have been identified for the Dark European, Carpathian and Ukrainian Steppe honey bees, which are widely distributed in Ukraine. It was found that the current distribution of these breeds does not correspond to the traditional zoning. Conclusions. The widespread practice of importing the genetic material of Apis mellifera from different regions of Ukraine leads to uncontrolled hybridization and represents a threat to the conservation of aboriginal breeds of honey bees.Keywords: biodiversity, mitochondrial DNA, molecular markers, cytochrome oxidase, Apis mellifera.
Screening for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and related perspectives for the healthcare system
Authors: Tabaliuk Y. O. , Rybchenko L. A. , Klimuk B. T. , Klymenko S. V.
Published: February 2021

In the article there were looked some aspects of the knowledge regarding mutations in BRCA1 BRCA2 genes that have been accumulated since the first report on role of these genes in the development of breast and ovarian cancer. Most of them have practical worth related to the detection of mutations, as well as the prevention and treatment of associated ovarian cancer (the article focuses specifically on ovarian cancer, conditioned to relatively less amount of information on this pathology). There has been paid attention to the rational assignment of a genetic test on the presence of mutations in BRCA genes.Keywords: ovarian cancer, mutations in BRCA1 BRCA2 genes, screening of the presence mutations in BRCA1 BRCA2 genes.
Evolution of darwinism. A new evolutionary synthesis: combining evolutionary genetics and development genetics
Authors: Vagyn Yu. V.
Published: February 2021

The results of the synthesis of evolutionary genetics and developmental genetics are presented, the causes of the crisis of evolutionary genetics and ways to overcome it are explained, and the mechanism of speciation of higher organisms is explained.Keywords: new evolutionary synthesis, evolutionary genetics, genetics of ontogenesis, morphogenetic program, developmental genes.
Existential challenges of modernity and vector for their solution
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: February 2021

This article reviews the challenges and problems of modernity, as well as discusses the ideas and vectors for their solution. The first problem is demotes as the crisis of modern culture and the need to preserve life on the planet. It is associated with the nature and development of European sociality, which generated the ecological crisis, pandemic, and other problems. The author argues that the culture of modernity ceases and is about to be replaced by another culture (future culture). The second problem delineates “social theodicy”, i.e. development of attitude towards increasing evil. The main aspects of this phenomenon are discussed. The third problem pointed by the author, is the problem of salvation and righteous life. In this regard are examined two different models that determine cultural life: semantic view of life of the entire society, and scenarios of individual life. Comparison is conducted on the scenarios of individual life of the Middle Ages and Modern Age; the uncertainty of the latter is underlined (if not readiness for Parousia, then what: engagement in implementation of the project of modernity, but pursuing which purpose – enrichment, success, happiness, fulfillment of duty?). The pattern of the individual scenario of future culture is outlined. Within its framework, a person must solve the following dilemma –on the one hand, human is finite and mortal, while on the other, as a human of history and culture – infinite and immortal. The solution to this dilemma is offered. In conclusion, the author discusses the anchors that the person of the transitional era can rely on: critical and reflexive thinking, family ties, identity, creativity and art.
IATROSACEA FOLLOWING ABUSE OF TOPICAL STEROIDS AS A FACE-WHITENING CREAM IN MOSUL CITY
Authors: Al-Samman Deena , Bashi Mohammed Attar
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To highlight the knowledge, frequency, types, and the clinical aspects of overusing TCs on the face as well as the motivation for such practice, with the aim of rising the public awareness in Mosul City. Methods: This prospective observational study included 180 patients aged 13-53 years, with steroid dermatitis resembling rosacea "Iatrosacea" with history of using TCs on face > 1 month, were evaluated at Al-Qudis Health Center for Family Medicine. Patients contradicted using TCs, or with classical rosacea were excluded. Results: The majority were females (90%). Duration was 2 months to 7 years. The motives were fairness (55%) and melasma (19%). The commonly abused drug was Betamethasone Valerate (35%). The reported side effects were facial erythema (84%), telangiectasia (79%), rebound phenomenon (66%), rosacea (56%), and acne (42%). The exacerbation on stopping TCs (63%) and skin lightening (37%) were the main reasons behind continued use; 59% were unaware about side effects of TCs; 42% obtained the products from cosmetic shop/Beautician and 27% from nurse clinic. In spite of observable side effects, 74% of abusers didn't feel guilty for applying them for protracted periods. Conclusion: Inappropriate use of TCs for cosmetic purposes is still commonly encountered in our environment, with believe TCs will correct any facial imperfection. As fair skin is correlated with beauty and social privilege, both genders of different ages, social, and educational status are indulged in this practice that exposed them to medical and social problems. It is a multiphase issue necessitates collaboration of different sectors to raise public awareness and control their easy availability to overcome this dilemma.
Creating Sim Flower Scent (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) for Product Sim Fruit from Natural Materials in Vietnam
Authors: Hai Le Huy , Truc Le Mai Xuan
Published: February 2021

Aim and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to reproduce the scent of Sim (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) flower from natural substances present in Vietnam to replace the scent extracted from Sim flower.

Materials and Methods: All the materials for making the Sim flower fragrance and products from Sim fruit are natural sources in Vietnam.

Fragrance assessment by olfactory, the aroma is diluted 20 times with an odorless diethyl phthalate (DEP) solvent, followed by a special scent paper and the smell of the nose to assess the scent. The fragrance of Sim flower was tested on Sim syrup product 0.2%, Sim jam 0.5%, Sim wine 0.3% by weight.

Results: After the experiment, we have selected fragrance FW.1, FW.2 for Sim wine, FS.1 and FS.2 for Sim syrup, FJ.1 and FJ.2 for Sim jam.

The main aroma of Sim flower is made up of Aldehyde anisic, Cinnamaldehyde, Cinnamon bark oil, Linalool, Linalyl acetate, Linalyl cinnamate, Linalyl formate, Linalyl butyrate. Aldehyde anisic and Linalool are the main constituents that determine the aroma of Sim flower.

Conclusions: We have created the scent of Sim flower from natural materials in Vietnam for Sim wine FW.1, FW.2, for Sim syrup FS.1, FS.2, and Sim jam FJ.1, FJ.2. Sim flower FW.1, FW.2, FS.1, FS.2, FJ.1, and FJ.2 are added to Sim wine, Sim syrup, Sim jam to increase the value and appeal of the products made from Vietnam Sim fruit.
Sexual Activity of Local Sahel Goat Breed in Niger
Authors: Mamman Mani , Issa Hamadou , Mahamadou Moussa Garba , Hamani Marichatou , Jérôme Sawadogo Germain
Published: February 2021

Aims: In Niger, the Sahel goat breed counts for around 80% of the national goat herd. However, it is scientifically little or not known. Thus, one of the aims of its zootechnical characterization is the control of its sexual activity, a fundamental physiological basis of reproductive function.

Study Design: For this purpose, a sample of 47 Sahel goats in two phenotypically different sub-samples: from the Tahoua region (22) and Tillabéry region (25) was installed and monitored for heat control in order to characterize female sexual activities.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted for a period of 9 months (January to September) at the experimental station of University of Niamey Faculty of Agronomy.

Methodology: Heat controls by using harnessed males with a non-marking protective apron were carried out twice daily (8 am and 5 pm).

Results: A total of 146 heats and 100 cycles were observed. It appeared that heat starts and ends mostly in the morning (76% and 70% respectively). Annual sexual activity has gone through two phases. A phase of an almost total rupture of heat from February to April and a phase of regular sexual activity from May to September and by extension the rest of the year. The mean duration of estrus and sexual cycle are respectively 35.75 ± 15.72 hours and 20.9 ± 9.7 days with strong individual variations (12 to 132 hours and 4 to 55 days for respective estrus and sexual cycle). The “T” test showed that there are no significant differences in these parameters between the two sub-samples (Tahoua and Tillabéry).

Conclusion: Ultimately, the estrus and sexual cycle of Niger Sahel goat are common to those of the goat species in general.
Analysis of Supply Chain Management of Lobster (Panulirus spp.) In Pangandaran (Case Study of PT. ASI Pudjiastuti Marine Product)
Authors: Dhary Alfath , Nurhayati Atikah , Junianto . , Gumilar Iwang
Published: February 2021

This study aims to analyze supply chain management of lobster in Pangandaran especially PT. ASI Pudjiastuti Marine Product. The research method is a case study with the case unit at PT. ASI Pudjiastuti Marine Product while information would be collected through primary and secondary data in the field. The sampling method in this research used snowball sampling. The research was conducted from August 2020 - September at TPI Pangandaran and PT. ASI Pudjiastuti Marine Product. The criteria used to select respondents in this study as follow; 4 fishermen, 3 distributors, 2 employees of PT. ASI Pudjiastuti Marine Product and 1 retailer. And the data would be analyzed to get the supply chain condition of lobster. The results showed that there were 6 marketing channels in the supply chain of lobster in Pangadaran case study of PT. ASI Pudjiastuti Marine Product. The availability of lobster products has a value of 0.5 which means was not easily replaced and needed. Late payment and distribution of lobster have a value of 1.0 which means irreplaceable and important. The third and fourth chain marketing margins are below 50%, which means efficient for all members of the chain. The fifth chain has 46.55% and it’s inefficient Fisherman's share. The largest market share value was 46.40% on the fifth channel. Supply chain of lobster in Pangandaran has 6 marketing channels which third and fourth are the most efficient for all members, and the second is most profitable for PT ASI.
Parameter Estimation of Length Biased Weighted Frechet Distribution via Bayesian Approach
Authors: Rao Arun Kumar , Pandey Himanshu
Published: February 2021

In this paper, length-biased weighted Frechet distribution is considered for Bayesian analysis. The expressions for Bayes estimators of the parameter have been derived under squared error, precautionary, entropy, K-loss, and Al-Bayyati’s loss functions by using quasi and gamma priors.
Design and Implementation of a Simplified CodeIgniter Framework for Commercial Vehicles Ticket Reservation System
Authors: Kayode A. Aroyehun , Alabi Abdullateef O.
Published: February 2021

With traditional strategies to design websites comes with many obstacles, many limitations, time-consuming and other relative errors. Subject to this reason, new technology like MVC pattern frameworks was discovered through some organizations to address such problems.  The task of manual schedule and verification of travellers' booked tickets is laborious, time-consuming and the accuracy of the manual booking system is in question. Therefore, it was a mind set of computerizing these activities. These studies present the design and implementation of a website using CodeIgniter Framework for Commercial Vehicle Ticket Reservation System. The load test functional behavior and measurement of performance was determined. The final result proved that the development was standardized and the non-commercial enterprise logic relationship of the e-transport system was automatically processed. These include Commuter companies, travellers, Human resources management activities and booking activities, thus helping transporters to efficiently handle their road transport business and other related activities.
GC-MS Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Cissampelos Pareira and Their Anti-Diabetic Activity
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Gilani Sadaf Jamal , Taleuzzaman Mohamad , Kala Chandra , Godara Deepak , Rahat Iqra , Khan Najam Ali
Published: February 2021

Aim: The present work deals with the GC-MS-analysis of chemical constituents of hydroalcoholic extract of Cissampelos pareira leaves and thier anti-diabetic activity.

Methods: GC-MS analysis of extract was performed using Shimadzu QP-2010 plus with thermal desorption system 20. Acute oral toxicity of extract was done using the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 423. Diabetes was induced by single dose of streptozotocin 65 mg/kg, i.p. to all the rats except in rats of control group. Following which oral glucose tolerance test was performed and the rats were divided into various experimental groups. Various treatments continued for 21 days. Parameters such as blood glucose level, body weight, liver enzymes, lipid profiles and oxidative markers were checked.

Results: GC-MS analysis of the extract identified 25 compounds present in it. Based on acute oral toxicity study three doses of hydroalcoholic extract of Cissampelos pareira leaves viz 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg were selected for evaluation of anti-diabetic activity. The extracts at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg BW were able to reduce blood sugar level, liver enzymes, total cholesterol, total triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and Malondialdehyde; and enhance body weight, high density lipoprotein and Glutathione significantly when compared to rats of negative control group. The effect of extract at dose 400 mg/kg was comparable to standard Glibenclamide.

Conclusion: Results conclude that the chemical constituents present in the hydroalcoholic extract of Cissampelos pareira contained some anti-diabetic compounds possessing strong anti-diabetic activity.
An Up to Date Guideline for Management and Prevention of Dog and Cat Bite – A Literature Review
Authors: Hosain M. M. , Mohamed M. T. , Siddiqui A.
Published: February 2021

Background: The prevalence of animal bites is high, of which the vast majority are from cats’ and dogs’. There is a wide variation in severity of such bites from mild to lethal. The evidence in the literature with respect to management does not provide a solid ground on which such cases could be managed. Dog and Cat bites are more common and can have dramatic consequences especially for children.

Objective: This project is to identify current evidence in the literature on epidemiology, management and prevention of dog and cat bites. This review is aimed at clinicians who deal with dog and cat bites. The basic principles of wound management and indications for use of antimicrobials, tetanus and rabies prophylaxis as well as preventive education are the primary focus of this article to help the clinicians. This aims at updating the management of patients who sustain a dog or a cat bite.

Materials and Methods: A literature review on the management of animal bites was performed. UK NICE guidelines, University of Texas bites management guidelines, WHO rabies prophylaxis protocol, UK Green Book and infectious diseases text books also reviewed.

Results: The available data in the literature suggest that appropriate wound management is the most important factor for prevention of infection in dog and cat bites. Antibiotic prophylaxis should only be given in high-risk wounds and primary closure should be performed in low-risk wounds.

Conclusions: Proper assessment and wound care are the prime consideration for dog and cat bites management.
The Impact of Coolant Temperatures on Various Cycle Parameters of NH3-H2O Absorption Chiller from Solar Source
Authors: Akair Adel , Baej Hesham
Published: February 2021

The cycles’ structure was based on recently published technical information of low-temperatures powered Ammonia-water (NH3-H2O) absorption chiller.  The cycle was completely modeled using different components available within the refrigeration library of IPSEpro software package.  Using the model a cold-water ammonia-water absorption chiller was examined and validated in accordance to the relevant thermodynamic laws and charts. A low-grade temperature solar resource was modeled to energise the proposed model. For water-cooled cycles, the rejected heat from the absorbers and the condensers was carried out by water, at an average fixed temperature of 25°C, pumped out from ground water. The results obtained show that when the Coefficient of performance (COP), heat inputs into the generator, and cooling mass flow rates are fixed, the cycle parameters are highly affected by variation of coolant temperature. For instance when cooling water temperature decreases. Also when cooling water temperature increase, the cycle pressure, usable chilled water temperature difference and desorber outlet temperature increase whereas mass concentration and refrigeration capacity decrease. The effectiveness of the generator inlet temperature (solar source) is a factor of the largest effect to the COP. The difference was 0.1401, 27.4%. The chilled water inlet temperature (underground water) is the second largest effect to the COP. The difference between the maximum and the minimum value is 0.0865 and the relative difference is 18.9% with cooling capacity 12 kW. The influence of evaporator temperature to the COP is also minimal with only 2.2% difference. The influence of absorber temperature and condenser temperature to the COP are almost identical, the relative difference is 19.2% and 18.9% respectively.
High stroma‐derived WNT5A is an indicator for low‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Kisel Wadim , Conrad Stefanie , Borkowetz Angelika , Furesi Giulia , Füssel Susanne , Sommer Ulrich , Rauner Martina , Thomas Christian , Baretton Gustavo B. , Schaser Klaus‐Dieter , Hofbauer Christine , Hofbauer Lorenz C.
Published: February 2021

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major cause of cancer‐related death in men. Tumor‐derived protein derived from Wnt5A gene (WNT5A) plays an important role in primary and metastatic PCa. Surrounding stroma cells also produce WNT5A, which may modulate the biology of PCa. Here, we assessed the role of stroma‐derived WNT5A (stWNT5A) in primary PCa. A tissue microarray of samples obtained from 400 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and control samples from 41 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) was immunohistochemically assessed for expression of stWNT5A. The cores were scored for staining intensity: 0 (no staining), 1 (weak), 2 (moderate), or 3 (strong) and the stained stromal surface area: 0 (0%), 1 (1–25%), 2 (26–50%), 3 (51–75%), or 4 (76–100%). Gleason Score (GS) and TNM‐stage were assessed by stratifying the cohort into high‐risk (≥ pT3, pN1, GS ≥ 8) and non‐high‐risk patients. Ki67 and TUNEL assays were performed to assess proliferation and apoptosis. Expression of stWNT5A in BPH and tumor‐free control samples was 1.2‐fold higher compared to tumor samples (P < 0.001). Non‐high‐risk patients had a higher stWNT5A score than high‐risk patients (P < 0.05). stWNT5A expression was not correlated with overall and cancer‐specific survival. Proliferation (r2 = 0.038, P < 0.001) and apoptosis (r2 = 0.277, P < 0.001) negatively correlated with stWNT5A expression. In summary, we show that expression of stWNT5A is higher in benign tissue and non‐high‐risk PCa. Stroma‐derived Wnt signaling and tumor‐derived Wnt may differentially impact on tumor behavior. Future studies are warranted to dissect the Wnt profile in tumor vs. surrounding stroma tissues.
Dkk1 inhibits malignant transformation induced by Bmi1 via the β‐catenin signaling axis in WB‐F344 oval cells
Authors: Ye Jinjun , Xin Le , Liu Jidong , Tang Tao , Bao Xing , Yan Yukuang
Published: February 2021

Dickkopf‐1 (Dkk1) is an inhibitor of Wnt signaling involved in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration and angiogenesis. It was previously reported that B cell‐specific Moloney mouse leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi1) activates the Wnt pathway by inhibiting the expression of DKK1 in breast cancer cell lines and 293T cells. Bmi1 and DKK1 are highly expressed in liver samples taken by biopsy from patients with hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the effect of both Bmi1 and DKK1 on the carcinogenesis of adult hepatic stem cells (oval cells) has not previously been reported. In this study, we used WB‐F344 cells to explore the function and regulation of Dkk1 upon Bmi1 treatment. Overexpression of Dkk1 repressed differentiation, proliferation, and migration induced by Bmi1 but promoted the apoptosis of hepatic WB‐F344 oval cells. In addition, Dkk1 reduced the enhancement of β‐catenin levels induced by Bmi1. Finally, we used transcriptome sequencing to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the transcriptome‐related changes in WB‐F344 oval cells induced by Dkk1 and Bmi1. These results may provide evidence for future studies of the pathogenesis of HCC and the design of possible therapies.
Programs cite improved access under telehealth initiation to buprenorphine
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: February 2021

Two New York primary care programs that offer buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) are reporting dramatically reduced wait times and other benefits from temporarily relaxed restrictions allowing initiation to treatment after a telemedicine visit. Leaders of the programs say persons exiting the criminal justice system and clients of syringe services programs have been among the main beneficiaries of an exception that was enacted to maintain access to care for OUD during the COVID‐19 crisis.
Bronze Age of Direct Mechanocatalysis: How Alloyed Milling Materials Advance Coupling in Ball Mills
Authors: Vogt Christian G. , Oltermann Maike , Pickhardt Wilm , Grätz Sven , Borchardt Lars
Published: February 2021

The copper‐catalyzed Glaser coupling is conducted mechanochemically, with the milling balls and vessels being the catalyst. Thus, neither catalyst powders nor soluble catalyst salts are required. Substituting Cu0 milling tools by copper alloys not only increases the yield of the reaction, but also greatly reduces abrasion, and in turn increases catalyst long‐term stability and reusability. Tracking the reaction by Raman spectroscopy allows to identify the active intermediate directly on the milling ball surface and propose a reaction mechanism.
Image interpretation: Learning analytics–informed education opportunities
Authors: Thau Elana , Perez Manuela , Pusic Martin V. , Pecaric Martin , Rizzuti David , Boutis Kathy
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Using a sample of pediatric chest radiographs (pCXR) taken to rule out pneumonia, we obtained diagnostic interpretations from physicians and used learning analytics to determine the radiographic variables and participant review processes that predicted for an incorrect diagnostic interpretation.

Methods

This was a prospective cross‐sectional study. A convenience sample of frontline physicians with a range of experience levels interpreted 200 pCXR presented using a customized online radiograph presentation platform. Participants were asked to determine absence or presence (with respective location) of pneumonia. The pCXR were categorized for specific image‐based variables potentially associated with interpretation difficulty. We also generated heat maps displaying the locations of diagnostic error among normal pCXR. Finally, we compared image review processes in participants with higher versus lower levels of clinical experience.

Results

We enrolled 83 participants (20 medical students, 40 postgraduate trainees, and 23 faculty) and obtained 12,178 case interpretations. Variables that predicted for increased pCXR interpretation difficulty were pneumonia versus no pneumonia (β = 8.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.4 to 10.0), low versus higher visibility of pneumonia (β = –2.2, 95% CI = –2.7 to –1.7), nonspecific lung pathology (β = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.40 to 1.5), localized versus multifocal pneumonia (β = –0.5, 95% CI = –0.8 to –0.1), and one versus two views (β = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.01 to 1.9). A review of diagnostic errors identified that bony structures, vessels in the perihilar region, peribronchial thickening, and thymus were often mistaken for pneumonia. Participants with lower experience were less accurate when they reviewed one of two available views (p < 0.0001), and accuracy of those with higher experience increased with increased confidence in their response (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Using learning analytics, we identified actionable learning opportunities for pCXR interpretation, which can be used to allow for a customized weighting of which cases to practice. Furthermore, experienced–novice comparisons revealed image review processes that were associated with greater diagnostic accuracy, providing additional insight into skill development of image interpretation.
Changes in patient background and prognosis after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma by hepatitis virus infection status: New trends in Japan
Authors: Okamura Yukiyasu , Sugiura Teiichi , Ito Takaaki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Ohtsuka Shimpei , Aramaki Takeshi , Uesaka Katsuhiko
Published: February 2021

Aim

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japan. However, the cause and prognosis of HCC may be dramatically changed by direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs). Although the 2015 nationwide survey used a large cohort, its findings may be outdated. The present study therefore aimed to show the latest outcomes by patients’ hepatitis virus infection status.

Methods

We included 552 patients who underwent hepatectomy for primary HCC between 2002 and 2018 and compared clinical factors between those treated before 2014 (n = 380) and after 2014 (n = 172), when DAAs became available.

Results

Distribution of hepatitis virus infection status between the two groups differed significantly (P < 0.001). In the earlier group, 46% of the patients had HCC with HCV infection (C‐HCC), whereas the rate of C‐HCC decreased (31%) and 54% of the patients had HCC with no hepatitis virus infection (NBNC‐HCC) in the latter group. The proportion of HCC with hepatitis B virus infection (B‐HCC) and the prognosis of B‐HCC did not significantly change between the two groups. Among patients with C‐HCC, the latter patients had significantly longer relapse‐free survival (RFS) than the earlier patients (P = 0.033). However, RFS did not significantly differ between the earlier and latter patients with NBNC‐HCC.

Conclusion

Postoperative prognosis has changed according to patients’ hepatitis virus infection status. The proportion of patients with NBNC‐HCC has increased, but their prognosis has not been improved. Treatment strategies for NBNC‐HCC should be established.
Do seedlings of larger geophytic species outperform smaller ones when challenged by drought?
Authors: Mocko Kerri , Jones Cynthia S.
Published: February 2021

Premise

In semiarid regions, decreasing rainfall presents a challenge to perennial seedlings that must reach sufficient size to survive the first year’s seasonal drought. Attaining a large storage organ size has been hypothesized to enhance drought resilience in geophytes, but building larger storage organs requires faster growth, but paradoxically, some traits that confer faster growth are highly sensitive to drought. We examined whether tuber size confers greater drought resilience in seedlings of four closely related geophytic species of Pelargonium.

Methods

We imposed two drought treatments when seedlings were 2 months old: chronic low water and acute water restriction for 10 days. Plants in the acute dry‐down treatment were then rewatered at control levels. We compared morphological and ecophysiological traits at 2, 3, and 6 months of age and used mixed‐effects models to identify traits determining tuber biomass at dormancy.

Results

Despite a 10‐fold variation in size, species had similar physiological trait values under well‐watered conditions. Chronic and acute droughts negatively affected tuber size at the end of the season, but only in the two species with large tubers. Chronic drought did not affect physiological traits of any species, but in response to acute drought, larger species showed reduced photosynthetic performance. Canopy area was the best predictor of final tuber biomass.

Conclusions

Contradictory to the hypothesis that large tubers provide greater drought resiliency, small Pelargonium seedlings actually had higher drought tolerance, although at the expense of more vigorous growth compared to species with larger tubers under well‐watered conditions.
Novel USP9X variant associated with syndromic intellectual disability in a female: A case study and review
Authors: Meira Joanna Goes Castro , Magalhães Bruna Souza , Ferreira Isabella Brige Bonifácio , Tavares Dione Fernandes , Kobayashi Gerson Shigeru , Leão Emília Katiane E. A.
Published: February 2021

Heterozygous variants in USP9X are associated with female‐restricted X‐linked mental retardation (MRXS99F), a rare syndrome characterized by neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability (ID), and a wide variety of additional congenital anomalies. Here, we report a girl harboring a novel de novo loss‐of‐function variant in USP9X (c.4091delinsAG, p.Thr1364Lysfs*7), and literature review revealed novel prenatal features associated with MRXS99F, expanding the genotypic and phenotypic landscape of the syndrome. It is important to consider X‐linked diseases in girls with ID and perform directed molecular investigation to provide correct diagnosis and prognosis.
Dietary shifts and diversities of individual life histories reveal cultural dynamics and interplay of millets and rice in the Chengdu Plain, China during the Late Neolithic (2500–2000 cal. BC)
Authors: Yi Bing , Liu Xiangyu , Yan Xue , Zhou Zhiqing , Chen Jian , Yuan Haibing , Hu Yaowu
Published: February 2021

Objectives

We undertook a more comprehensive analyses than our previous study (Yi et al., International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2018, 28, 636–644) at the Gaoshan site (~2500–2000 cal. BC) to expand our understanding of the different roles of rice and millets to human subsistence strategies, diachronic shift of human diets, diversity of human life histories and cultural influence (dental ablation) to human population.

Materials and Methods

Carbon and nitrogen isotopic analyses of human (ribs and long bones, n = 68) and animal (n = 15) bones as well as carbonized seeds from rice and millets (n = 8) were undertaken. Human bones were directly AMS‐14C dated. In addition, sequential sampling of 16 individuals with varied age and sex and cultural contexts for isotopic analysis was also conducted.

Results

The calibrated dating results (n = 27) indicate that there existed two periods of occupation at the site, ~2500–2200 BC and ~2200–1900 BC. Moderate high δ15N values were found in the crops. Isotopic data from bone collagen suggest that the humans mainly relied on C3‐based animal protein and were supplemented by C4‐based foods. This isotopic pattern is also seen in pigs. Significant difference of human δ13C values (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.05) between the two periods was observed. Compared to the bones, the isotopic data of human dentine serial sections show a much wider variability and higher δ13C values.

Discussion

The crops (millets and rice) were probably manured. Human individuals subsisted on rice/millet agriculture and pigs in general. In combination with the radiocarbon dates, the increase of C3 (rice) consumption by the humans was found from the early (2500–2200 cal. BC) to late (2200–2000 cal. BC) periods, indicating the intensification of rice agriculture through time. However, four categories of human life histories during childhood are identified given different isotopic profiles of dentine sections, demonstrating that C3 (rice) and C4 (millets)‐based foods played different roles in human lives. Even though, there were similar weaning practices among the human populations. It is surprising that human individuals with dental ablation, cultural characteristic in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Valley, consumed more millets during childhood in the early period than those without dental ablation in the late period. Our study here provides novel insights into cultural dynamics and the interplay between rice and millets in rice‐millet agricultural system during the Late Neolithic in Southwest China.
Pickering emulsions stabilized with PANI‐NP. Study of the thermoresponsive behavior under heating and radiofrequency irradiation
Authors: Bongiovanni Abel Silvestre , Molina Maria , Rivarola Claudia R. , Barbero Cesar A.
Published: February 2021

Micrometric Pickering emulsions in 1‐octanol or cyclohexane were stabilized with water‐dispersible electroactive polyaniline nanoparticles (PANI‐NP). The emulsions were characterized by optical and electronic microscopy as well as spectroscopic techniques. It was demonstrated that nanoparticles maintain their functional properties (e.g., pH sensitivity and electromagnetic absorption) in the emulsion. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, smart Pickering emulsions employing PANI‐NP stabilized with a thermosensitive polymer (PNIPAM) were obtained. The thermal behavior of the obtained structures was evaluated by turbidimetric techniques and an IR camera. The thermoresponsive emulsions have shown an important increment of the local temperature (>12°C) under radiofrequency (RF) irradiation. Phase transition of PNIPAM induced by heating or RF absorption provokes the breaking of the emulsions. In this context, the proposed systems herein could induce endothermal reactions carried out in organic solvents. Besides, Pickering emulsions formed by using electroactive PANI‐NP could be applied in several medical or industrial applications.
Diversity and origins of giant guitarfish and wedgefish products in Singapore
Authors: Choo Min Yi , Choy Christina Pei Pei , Ip Yin Cheong Aden , Rao Madhu , Huang Danwei
Published: February 2021

Giant guitarfishes (Glaucostegidae) and wedgefishes (Rhinidae) are some of the most threatened marine taxa in the world, with 15 of the 16 known species exhibiting global population declines and categorized as Critically Endangered according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. The recent inclusion of all species in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) necessitates more rigorous enforcement by regulatory authorities.

Challenges in regulating the trade of giant guitarfish and wedgefish products due to difficulties in visual identification of processed products and labelling issues impede enforcement. The aim of this study is to characterize the diversity and origins of associated traded products that were commercially available in Singapore, one of the world's top importers and re‐exporters of shark and ray products.

A total of 176 samples of elasmobranch products were obtained between June and December 2019 from fishery ports and various retailers in Singapore. By applying cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene barcoding, 31 elasmobranch species were detected, with 55% of the species considered threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable) based on the IUCN Red List and 35% of species listed in CITES Appendix II. Four species of giant guitarfishes and wedgefishes were commercially available to consumers in fresh forms of whole fish, fillet, and fin, as well as dried and cooked meats.

DNA barcoding has proven to be an effective tool for identifying elasmobranch products that are impossible to recognize visually and would aid enforcement of CITES trade regulations. This work underscores the urgent need to step up enforcement of marine wildlife regulations and draw public attention to the elasmobranch trade.
Invisible or ignored: investigating the lack of thylacine‐based material culture in the Australian archaeological record
Authors: KNIGHTS TESSA , LANGLEY MICHELLE C.
Published: February 2021

There is a distinct lack of information regarding interactions between thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus) and Aboriginal Australians. Their depiction in Australian rock art is not unusual, yet only one example of an artefact made from thylacine remains has been recovered from the archaeological record. This absence of thylacine‐based Indigenous material culture is conspicuous, especially since the raw materials such a large mammal provides would be useful and thus their depiction in art but absence from “things” appears significant. To investigate whether substantial opportunity existed for the exploitation of thylacines for the purpose of material culture production, and thus that sampling or cultural factors must instead be at play for their absence from the record, the location of known palaeontological, archaeological and rock art sites related to thylacines were mapped in time and space. Dated contexts are compared to create an overall picture of the overlap between thylacine habitat and human territories. We found that there was a significant period where interaction between this enigmatic animal and First Australians occurred, and, therefore, a lack of contact is not the reason for the near total absence of thylacine bones, teeth and other materials being missing from Indigenous material culture