bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMS FACING WHEAT FARMERS BENEFICIARIES FROM SUPPORTIVE AWARNESS PROGRAM TO WINTER PLAN FOR WHEAT IN SALAH ALDEEN COVERNORATE
Authors:   1Department of Agricultural Extension and Technology Transfer, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. thanaa.akram1209a@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq, Awad Alazy1 Thanaa Akram , Al-Mashhadani2 Ali Lateef Jasim ,   2 Lecturer PhD. Department of Agricultural Extension and Technology Transfer, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. ali.lateef@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq
Published: March 2024

The research aims to diagnose the problems that facing wheat farmers who profit or benefit from the awareness program supporting the wheat crop in the Salah Aldeen Governorate. To achieve this, the research has conducted using the descriptive approach on a random sample consisting of (122) farmers who are benefiting from the awareness program supporting in Salah Aldeen governorate. The informants (farmers) are selected randomly from four agricultural divisions or districts which are: (Tikrit, Samarra, Al-Ishaqi, and Balad), and the data selection is carried out through a questionnaire. Then the appropriate statistical methods are used to achieve the goal of the research. The results have shown the multiplicity and diversity of problems facing wheat farmers, as well as the different levels of impact of these problems, which have prevented farmers from achieving highest effectiveness and efficiency in the agricultural production process from the beginning of wheat cultivation until harvesting and marketing the product. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the level of knowledge, skills and experience of wheat farmers in the field of their agricultural work, in addition to treat and solve all the priority problems which have revealed by the research, through achieving the highest levels of cooperation, coordination and hard and dedicate work among all relevant parties to provide a favorable, peaceful and integrated environment to ensure the success of the process of cultivation, harvesting and marketing of the final product, and ensuring the continuation of this in the future.
INVESTIGATING BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN ICE CREAM OFFERED IN LOCAL MARKETS (LOCAL AND IMPORTED)
Authors:   Assistant lecturer, Department of Commodity Evaluation and Service Performance, Market research and consumer production center, University of Baghdad. Baghdad , Iraq. enas.n@mracpc.uobaghdad.edu.iq, Najm Abdullah Enas
Published: March 2024

The research study included the investigation of microbial contamination of ice cream samples that packed automatically in specialized factories, both local and imported available in the markets of Baghdad City, a number of 10 samples were taken from of July to August 2022, which is the peak season of its production, using the laboratory method used in microbial examinations comparing it with one of the modern technologies represented by the BacTrac 4300 technology, the study showed that there is a convergence in the results of the two methods used, as the total number of aerobic bacteria Total plate count, Total Colifrom bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are higher than the permissible limits in Iraqi standard specification for dairy and grafted ice cream No. (702) for the year 1984. While the study samples were devoid of Salmonella spp. bacteria.
USE OF PCR TECHONLOGY IN DIAGNOSIS OF Botrytis cinerea CAUSES SPOILAGE OF STRAWBERRY FRUITS AVAILABLE IN THE LOCAL MARKETS
Authors:   Lecturer PhD, Department of Commodity Evaluation and Service Performance, Market Research and Consumer Protection Center, University of Baghdad. Baghdad, Iraq   sudad@mracpc.uobaghdad.edu.iq, Mohammed Sudad Jasim
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to collect 20 samples of strawberry fruits imported from Turkey and Egypt, with ten samples for each of them, which are distributed in the local markets of the city of Baghdad, during the period from October 2022 to November of the same year. The results of conventional tests showed that the samples contained Botrytis spp. With a number of fifteen, and to confirm the return of these isolates to the fungus Botrytis cinerea specifically, the PCR technique was used as this technique showed obtaining 8 isolates out of 15, most of which belong to strawberry samples of Egyptian origin, in one package with a molecular weight of 700 bp when migrated on the agarose gel. This means that molecular diagnosis is superior to traditional methods, despite its importance as primary diagnostic methods.
RESPONSE OF SWEET CORN TO BACTERIAL BIOFERTILIZERS AND SPRAYING WITH MINERAL NUTRIENTS
Authors:   1Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture Engineering Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. wasn.saleh1105a@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq., Al-bayati1 Wasan Salih Mahdi
Published: March 2024

This study was aimed to investigate response of two sweet corn hybrids to bacterial biofertilizers and spraying with Mg+2 and Ca+2 and their impact on the Yield during Spring season 2022, CASH seeds (H1) and ROI SOLEIL seeds (H2) were planted in pots, when they reached 2-3 leaves treated with four treatments which included without biofertilizer (B0), with Azospirillum brasilense (B1) with Pseudomonas fluorescens (B2) and the interaction with Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens (B3) then transferrd to the field, and sprayed the seedling after 20 and 30 days of seedling with three concentrations which included control, without spraying (N0), spraying with Mg++ and Ca++ with concentration of 25 mg L-1 (N1) and 50 mg L-1 each elements (N2), The experiment was carried out according to RCBD with in split plot arrangement. The results showed that hybrid H2, the treatment of bacterial biofertilizers B3 and the foliar spraying of Magnesium and Calcium N2 had significant effect in all studied traits. H2B3N1 had significant effect in plant height and the number of leaves, H2B3N2 had significant effect in leaf area and leaf area index and plant dry weight, H2B1N2 had significant effect in total chlorophyll concentration in leaves, It was found that the study factors and their interactions had a role in increasing the vegetative growth indicators of the sweet corn hybrids.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW SCHIFF BASES FOR CHITOSAN AND STUDY THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Authors:   1 Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Woman , University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq,     hudasalman2121@gmail.com., Hassan Huda Salman , Hitur Awad Sana ,   2Assistant Professor PhD., Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Woman, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, sanahitur1979@gmail .com.
Published: March 2024

Biopolymers and their derivatives have a wide range applications due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, and biocompatibility. The current study aimed to develop and characterize the unique Schiff ,s chitosan bases by conjugation the chitosan with different aldehydes under acidic conditions to form Schiff ,s chitosan bases which reacted with a plant extract derivative (capsaicin) to get new Schiff ,s derivatives. The resulting compounds were diagnosed by using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), as well as nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR). The biological activity of the new derivatives was studied to know its importance and its applications in the medical fields, where the antibacterial activity of positive-gram bacteria, negative- gram bacteria and fungi was tested. The results showed an increase of the substituted chitosan antibacterial activity against both positive-gram and negative- gram bacteria due to its high capsaicin content, which is highly effective against bacteria and fungi.
POSSIBILITY OF REDUCING THE QUANTITATIVE END QUALIITATIVE LOSSES BY USING THE POTATO DIGGER
Authors:   1 Lecturer, Shatrha. Technical College.  Sothern Technical University, Iraq.  ghaleb.muhaibis@stu.edu.iq, Alkaabi1 Galib A. A. , Al-Aani Firas S. ,   2Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Machinery, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad. Iraq,  fsalim@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq
Published: March 2024

A field experiment was conducted in one of the fields of the Technical Institute in Shatrha for the spring season 2022 to study the effect forward speeds (2.50, 3.18 ,3.60 km. hr-1), and two levels of conveyor speeds (43, 49) m. min-1 and two level of type of chain conveyor of rubber bars and clothes -coated in possibility of reducing the quantitative and qualitative losses by using the potato digger. quantitative loss, qualitative losses, and field efficiency were studied in this research. The randomized complete block design with three replications was used in the research. The results showed that the tractor speed 2.50 km.hr-1 in gets the quantitative losses which amounted to1.40 %, and the qualitative losses amounted to 11.1%, and the tractor speed 3.60 km. hr-1 gets the heights Field efficiency amounted to 84.80%.
EFFECT OF BLADE ANGLE TYPES AND FORWARD SPEED ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE MURRAY-15.5HP LAWN MOWER
Authors:   1Department of Agriculture Machines and Equipment, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. abd.ahmed2103m@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq, Al Mashhadani1 Abdul Rahman H. , Al-Badri2 Samir B. Salman ,   2Assistant Professor, PhD. Department of Agricultural Machines and Equipment, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq. samir.albadri@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq
Published: March 2024

A field experiment was conducted to design, implement, and test the effect of blade angle represented by cutting angle and foreword speed on the performance of a MURRAY-15.5hp lawn mower machine. Three types of blades with cutting angles of 20o, 25o, and a straight angle were used, as well as three forward speeds of 2.99, 4.32, and 5.60 km h-1. The slippage percentage, field productivity, material quantity and total costs were studied. The results indicated the following: decreasing the cutting angle from 25o to 20o and then to a straight angle considerably decreases the slippage percentage and a significant decrease in total costs .Also, a significant increase in the field and Material productivity. Increasing the foreword speed resulted in a significant increase in the slippage percentage and a significant increase in in the field and material productivity, and decrease in the total costs. The interaction between the straight blade type and the forward speed 2.99 km h-1 led to the lowest slippage at 8.34%, while the interaction between the straight blade type and forward speed 5.60 km h-1 resulted in the lowest total costs amounted to 12036 dinars*hectare-1 and the highest field productivity 0.360 ha h-1 while the highest material productivity was 121.25 kg h-1.
THE USE OF FOOD PROCESSING BY-PRODUCTS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF BAKED PRODUCTS
Authors:   Lecturer, PHD., Department of food Sciences, College of Agriculture,  University of Basrah, Basrah,  Iraq.bushra.jerad@uobasrah.edu.iq, Shammari Bushra Bader jerad
Published: March 2024

About 50% of the secondary plant waste generated during the industrial production of fruits and vegetables is wasted, which negatively affects the environment and costs a lot of money. The secondary plant waste is a rich source of nutrients that support human health and protect it from many diseases (obesity and heart disease). It is also a source of dietary fiber and phenols, which are antioxidants that can be separated from wheat bran, corn bran, rice, fruit and vegetable seeds. which were introduced in the manufacture of baked products. Many studies of baked products fortified with vegetable by-products showed an improvement in the quality characteristics in addition to an increase in their nutritional value. Therefore, the aim of this article was to highlight the importance of exploiting plant residues and using them in baked products as a sustainable way to increase their nutritional value and obtain cheap products.
COVID-19 Patients' Experiences during the Pandemic: A Phenomenology Study
Authors: Thirarattanasunthon Phiman , Kongnarong Lanjakorn , Chanachon Nattacha , Adesina Femi , Ageru Temesgen A. , Pham Tin Trung , Stanikzai Muhammad H. , Suwanbamrung Charuai
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic caught the world community off guard, with irreversible effects, causing numerous hospitalizations and deaths across the globe. Understanding COVID-19 patients' lived experience is crucial to care assessment. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the experiences of COVID-19 patients before, during, and after hospitalization. Methods: The present study employed a phenomenological method, and purposive sampling was used to select participants. The individuals discharged from COVID-19 treatment in the upper southern region of Thailand were recruited to participate. Data were collected through in-depth interviews conducted by telephone, LINE, and face-to-face from July 1 to September 14, 2020. Results: The study included a total of eight participants selected from seven provinces located in the southern region of Thailand. The mean age of the participants was 42 years, and the mean duration of hospitalization was 22 days, with 62.5% of them having underlying illnesses. The patients' experiences were categorized into 14 distinct sub-themes, corresponding to the various stages of pre-hospitalization, throughout hospitalization, and post-hospitalization. The pre-infection lifestyles of the participants indicated a lack of understanding and misunderstanding regarding COVID-19. This study found that the participants had more fear, depression, and suicidal thoughts during hospitalization. Nevertheless, the participants unequivocally affirmed that the nurse-patient interaction, in terms of providing assistance and addressing mental health concerns, brought them a sense of solace. However, they encountered rejection from their community after being discharged from the hospital. Conclusion:COVID-19 survivors must remain confident in their ability to continue life and believe that they made the right choice by accepting hospital care to save their own lives and prevent the spread of the disease. Healthcare practitioners and stakeholders within the healthcare service system can utilize this knowledge of patients' experiences to assist patients in the prevention, treatment, and management of COVID-19. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2024-05-01-04 Full Text: PDF
HANDLOOM AND CONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITY: A STUDY AMONG THE BODO WOMEN WEAVERS OF ASSAM
Authors: Basumatary Rishma , Khawzawl Teresa L.
Published: March 2024

The practice of handloom weaving holds significant historical and cultural importance for the Bodo community, serving as an integral aspect of their socio-economic fabric for countless generations. In addition to engaging in agricultural activities, the Bodo community, along with the wider rural and semi-urban population of India, have traditionally pursued handloom weaving as a secondary occupation. The significance of handloom textile and weaving in the lives of the Bodo weavers can be understood via two distinct dimensions. Firstly, at the local level, it serves as a manifestation of local wisdom and tradition deeply ingrained into their cultural practices. Secondly, at the national level, it acts as a tangible representation of the community's distinctive identity. This article attempts to comprehend the importance of weaving within the Bodo community, specifically among women weavers, and examines how their involvement in the handloom sector contributes to the development of cultural identity. Nevertheless, it is crucial to comprehend the viewpoint of the weavers in their commitment to the preservation of the weaving practice, as they assume the role of custodians and guardians of this longstanding heritage.
A STUDY OF THE ARTISTIC TRADITION OF ELEGANT TOYS OF INDUS VALLY CIVILIZATION
Authors: Tyagi Namita , Tiwari Tulika
Published: March 2024

In ancient time the main purpose of sports was to attain entertainment whether they being peaceful domestic games or wild games. Beside entertainment games were also a medium of mutual interaction and lead to stress free life. According to Macdaugal “Games and Sports are important for the Security, development and growth of the individual”. Games and Sports is an integral part of our culture through which man has been strengthening the social relations. Games and Sports have been a means of physical, mental as well as cultural development. Through sports the culture and knowledge have been imparted to the future generations. The Games and Sports have been accepted all over the world as the best medium for physical strength and mental development.If we look at the history of the origin of the sports, we found it remains from prehistoric times. According to some written documents, it started with the emergence of great civilizations lie Greece, Egypt, and Indus Valley. Reference to sports in India is also mention in Vedas and various Literatures. In 1921-22 AD two important cities of Indus Valley Harappa and Mohanjo-daro was discovered by John Marshall, this civilization was the center of Art and Culture. Archeological excavations at Harappa and Mohanjo-daro show that people were involved in some kind of physical activity. The people used to play many types of games using stones, balls, and dice. Various types of toys have been found in the excavation which were made of copper, ivory, and baked clay. Some of the toys were extremely skillfully made and decorated. The toys and Statues of Indus Valley were made by the pinching method in clay in which the clay is pressed by hands to give its perfect shape and then strengthen by baking in furnace. The interest of Indus People towards sports is known from these artistic remains also the skill on the artist who creates these toys which reflect the social perspective and mental outlook of that time. All these craft indicative the importance of games and sports and imagination of the artist
TANG-KHA PAINTING: AN APPRAISAL
Authors: Gupta Ankush
Published: March 2024

The present research paper is on the art of Tang-kha painting. Tang-kha is term used for the traditional Tibetan scroll painting. It is portable paintings that one can carry along by scrolling it. Tibetan scroll paintings are famous for their richness in terms of religious themes and use of vibrant colours. The art of painting was borrowed from Ancient India and developed by monks of Tibet. The Tang-kha painting was a medium to spread the teaching of Buddha among the illiterate through illustration. The origin and development of Tang-kha painting and its different regional variation along with the general characteristic feature is discuss in the present paper.
Effect of Aluminium Fiber on the Strength property of Concrete
Authors: Hekro Muhammad Rehan , Najeeb-ur-Rehman Phul  , Sajjad Ali Mangi  , Waqar Hussain Phul
Published: March 2024

This experimental work is aimed at determining the influence of aluminium waste fiber on plain cement concrete. To achieve this aim, compressive strength test has been conducted. The compressive strength test has been conducted in Compression machine. The plain cement concrete with the ratio 1:1.5:3 at 0.55 water cement ratio has been utilized in this study. Aluminium waste has been used as additional material in concrete. The weight of aluminium has been taken from 0.5%, 1.5% and 1.5% by weight of cement of varying aspect ratios that are 2.5 (length=0.5 inch, width=5mm), 5 (length=1inch, width=5mm) and 7.5 (1.5 inch, 0.5mm). A total number of ten batches, each batch contained six cubes and  were casted for evaluation of compressive strength test. The curing ages selected for this particular study have been 7 and 28 days. It has been observed in this study that aluminium waste has resulted into a decrease in compressive strength of concrete as compared to normal concrete. This study has made application of solid waste as addition material in concrete. Therefore, this study will be helpful to reduce environmental pollution.
Rede Neural Perceptron para Classificação de Câncer de Mama: Uma Investigação Experimental
Authors: COSTA EDRIANE DO SOCORRO SILVA , Barbosa Alexandre do Nascimento , Cardoso Evelin Helena Silva , Araújo Jasmine Priscila Leite de , Frânces Carlos Renato Lisboa
Published: March 2024

O estudo propõe a implementação do modelo de rede neural perceptron para a classificação de tumores de câncer de mama, visando fornecer suporte a sistemas e profissionais de saúde na obtenção de diagnósticos oportunos e eficazes dessa patologia, que figura como uma das principais causas de mortalidade feminina no Brasil. Para tanto, utiliza-se de um banco de dados público composto por informações de 569 pacientes, caracterizadas por 30 atributos. A investigação abordou 18 configurações distintas, abrangendo variações no número de camadas ocultas, épocas e taxa de aprendizado. O modelo demonstrou uma notável acurácia de 96,47% e RMS de 0.0453, durante o treinamento. Para o conjunto de teste, foi obtida uma acurácia de 96,5% e valores de precisão de 99% e 92% para as classes benigno e maligno, respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem que o modelo proposto pode ser uma ferramenta útil para auxiliar a identificação precisa e precoce de tumores de câncer de mama.
Older individuals and preventative behavioural interventions for COVID-19: a scoping review and perspective on wellbeing
Authors: Thorsteinsson Einar B , Cosh Suzanne M , Loi Natasha M
Published: March 2024

Background

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, nations around the world introduced a range of behavioural interventions and restrictions in order to manage the spread of the virus. These included social distancing, lockdowns, and use of personal protective equipment, amongst others. The aim of the present paper is to examine some of the effects of these interventions on the psychological wellbeing and mental health of older adults, especially those with hearing loss.

Methods

The present review focused on published peer reviewed studies focusing on older adults. Search engines included Google Scholar, SpringerLink Journals, ProQuest Central, and PubMed employing different combinations of search terms such as “COVID-19”, “older adults”, and “isolation”.

Results

Older adults were at risk of experiencing increased anxiety and depression and poorer wellbeing during lockdowns across nations, with those self-reporting loneliness reporting more severe symptomatology. Reductions in wellbeing were observed both amongst community-dwelling older adults and those living in residential care facilities. Use of personal protective equipment, especially masks, and social distancing requirements impacted communication amongst older adults with hearing loss, with this subgroup reporting increased depression, anxiety, and stress, with symptoms increasing with the severity of the hearing loss.

Conclusions

While technology can help to mitigate the impacts of lockdowns and restrictions, limited access to devices and a range of challenges in upskilling older adults has impacted the utility of these technologies for promoting wellbeing. Education and training in the use of technologies and digital devices for both older adults and families might assist in promoting wellbeing, with increased accessibility needed in aged care facilities to further support the wellbeing of residents.
A Review of Accountability Systems: Learning from Best Practices
Authors: Iqbal Nasir , Mustafa Ghulam
Published: March 2024

Over the last two decades, ‘accountability’ has become Pakistan’s most famous political slogan (Mehboob, 2022). Despite numerous reforms in the accountability system, Pakistan got the worst ranking in the region based on the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) published by Transparency International (TI) (TI, 2022). The CPI-based ranking shows that Pakistan ranked 140th out of 180 countries in 2021. Pakistan ranked well below the South Asian economies
Facilitators and barriers to the development of giftedness in children
Authors: Pantelis Pergantis
Published: March 2024

Giftedness can be interpreted as a multifactorial set of special abilities and skills, that the individual begins to express from an early developmental age. Many believe that the concept of giftedness goes beyond and includes not only IQ but also other factors. The purpose of this literature review is to collect recent data according to factors other than socio/cultural and economic that may influence the expression of giftedness in children. In the introduction giftedness is discussed according to several elements that may intervene in the acceptance of a universal definition and identification of this specific population and the main part explores several factors that may prevent giftedness through inhibition of cognitive and emotional aspects of daily living of children including children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
Navigating and reviewing ethical dilemmas in AI development: Strategies for transparency, fairness, and accountability
Authors: Olatunji Akinrinola  , Chinwe Chinazo Okoye  , Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile  , Chinonye Esther Ugochukwu
Published: March 2024

As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to permeate various aspects of our lives, the ethical challenges associated with its development become increasingly apparent. This paper navigates and reviews the ethical dilemmas in AI development, focusing on strategies to promote transparency, fairness, and accountability. The rapid growth of AI technology has given rise to concerns related to bias, lack of transparency, and the need for clear accountability mechanisms. In this exploration, we delve into the intricate ethical landscape of AI, examining issues such as bias and fairness, lack of transparency, and the challenges associated with accountability. To address these concerns, we propose strategies for transparency, including the implementation of Explainable AI (XAI), advocating for open data sharing, and embracing ethical AI frameworks. Furthermore, we explore strategies to promote fairness in AI algorithms, emphasizing the importance of fairness metrics, diverse training data, and continuous monitoring for iterative improvement. Additionally, the paper delves into strategies to ensure accountability in AI development, considering regulatory measures, ethical AI governance, and the incorporation of human-in-the-loop approaches. To provide practical insights, case studies and real-world examples are analyzed to distill lessons learned and best practices. The paper concludes with a comprehensive overview of the proposed strategies, emphasizing the importance of balancing innovation with ethical responsibility in the evolving landscape of AI development. This work contributes to the ongoing discourse on AI ethics, offering a roadmap for navigating the challenges and fostering responsible AI development practices.
E-commerce and consumer behavior: A review of AI-powered personalization and market trends
Authors: Mustafa Ayobami Raji  , Hameedat Bukola Olodo  , Timothy Tolulope Oke  , Wilhelmina Afua Addy  , Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile  , Adedoyin Tolulope Oyewole
Published: March 2024

In the dynamic landscape of electronic commerce (e-commerce), understanding and adapting to evolving consumer behavior is critical for the sustained success of online businesses. This review delves into the intersection of e-commerce and consumer behavior, focusing on the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered personalization and its impact on market trends. The advent of AI has revolutionized the way e-commerce platforms engage with and cater to individual consumer preferences. AI-powered personalization techniques leverage advanced algorithms to analyze vast datasets, enabling the delivery of highly tailored and relevant content, product recommendations, and user experiences. This review explores the intricate mechanisms of AI-driven personalization, examining how it enhances customer engagement, satisfaction, and loyalty. Furthermore, the study investigates the prominent market trends shaped by AI in e-commerce. From chatbots and virtual assistants facilitating seamless customer interactions to predictive analytics optimizing inventory management, AI is driving innovation across various facets of the online retail landscape. The analysis delves into the integration of machine learning algorithms in predicting consumer preferences, streamlining the purchasing process, and fostering a more personalized shopping journey. As e-commerce continues to evolve, the review also explores the challenges and ethical considerations associated with AI-powered personalization. Issues such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the delicate balance between customization and intrusiveness are examined to provide a comprehensive understanding of the broader implications of AI in shaping consumer behavior. Ultimately, this review offers valuable insights into the symbiotic relationship between e-commerce and consumer behavior, shedding light on the transformative power of AI-powered personalization and its influence on emerging market trends. As businesses navigate the digital landscape, understanding and harnessing the potential of AI-driven strategies become imperative for staying competitive and meeting the evolving expectations of tech-savvy consumers.
Salinity tolerance at the germination stage of Senegalese varieties of peanut, cowpea, millet and sorghum
Authors: Adiouma Dangue  , Mame Arama Fall Ndiaye  , Malick Ndiaye  , Malamine Manga
Published: March 2024

Salinization continues to increase in semi-arid areas like Senegal where it limits seed germination, a crucial phase in a plant's cycle. Adaptation to salinization, one of the great challenges of modern agriculture, is possible through the use of halotolerant varieties which could be selected early during seed germination. The general objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of salinity on the germination of peanut, cowpea, millet and sorghum. The effect of NaCl (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM) was tested on seed germination for one week at 30°C in a culture chamber. The parameters evaluated are: the final percentage of germination (FG), the germination vigor index (GVI), the coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG), the percentage reduction in germination compared to the control (PRG) and the daily average germination (DAG). The FG, GVI and CVG of millet, cowpea, sorghum and peanut show significant differences (p<0.01) for each NaCl concentration. On the other hand, DAG and PRG give significant differences only at 80 mM and/or 120 mM NaCl. FG, CVG, DAG and GVI decreased with increasing salinity for all varieties unlike PRG. Cowpea (V4) are less sensitive to salinity than peanut (V3), which tolerate NaCl better than cereals. Millet (V5) is more resistant than sorghum (V7). The increase in NaCl led to a significant difference in germination. Cowpea (V4) would be more osmotolerant than peanut (V3) which is more tolerant than cereals such as millet (V5) and sorghum (V7) to salinity. These varieties would be the most recommended for successful cultivation in a saline environment.
Pharmacovigilance in Nigeria: Addressing challenges in ensuring drug safety and monitoring adverse effects
Authors: Michael Alurame Eruaga  , Tabat Bature  , Esther Oleiye Itua
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the specific challenges faced by Nigeria in implementing pharmacovigilance measures to ensure drug safety and monitor adverse effects. Despite the critical importance of pharmacovigilance in safeguarding public health, Nigeria grapples with several obstacles in its implementation. Through a nuanced exploration of literature and regulatory frameworks, this study sheds light on the unique hurdles encountered in pharmacovigilance practices within the Nigerian context. Challenges in Nigeria's pharmacovigilance landscape include limited awareness and understanding of pharmacovigilance principles among healthcare professionals and consumers, resulting in underreporting of adverse drug reactions. Additionally, there is a lack of robust infrastructure and resources for pharmacovigilance activities, including inadequate funding, shortage of trained personnel, and deficient pharmacovigilance databases. Regulatory enforcement and oversight are also hindered by issues such as weak regulatory frameworks, fragmented reporting systems, and suboptimal collaboration among regulatory agencies. Furthermore, Nigeria's pharmacovigilance efforts are compounded by factors such as the proliferation of counterfeit and substandard medicines, informal drug markets, and cultural beliefs influencing healthcare-seeking behaviors. These challenges pose significant barriers to effective pharmacovigilance implementation and compromise patient safety and public health outcomes in Nigeria. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach encompassing regulatory reforms, capacity building initiatives, public awareness campaigns, and collaboration with international partners. Strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing healthcare professional training on pharmacovigilance, establishing robust reporting systems, and fostering partnerships between regulatory agencies, healthcare institutions, and pharmaceutical companies are essential steps toward improving pharmacovigilance practices in Nigeria. Through a thorough examination of the Nigerian context, this paper aims to raise awareness of the specific challenges hindering pharmacovigilance implementation in the country and stimulate dialogue on potential solutions to enhance drug safety and monitoring of adverse effects in Nigeria's healthcare system.
Exploring herbal medicine regulation in Nigeria: Balancing traditional practices with modern standards
Authors: Michael Alurame Eruaga  , Esther Oleiye Itua  , James Tabat Bature
Published: March 2024

The regulation of herbal medicine in Nigeria stands at the intersection of tradition and modernity, presenting a complex landscape shaped by historical practices, cultural beliefs, and contemporary healthcare standards. This paper delves into the intricate dynamics surrounding the regulation of herbal medicine in Nigeria, aiming to elucidate the challenges and opportunities inherent in balancing traditional practices with modern regulatory standards. Drawing from a multidisciplinary approach encompassing medical anthropology, public health, and legal studies, this research explores the historical roots of herbal medicine in Nigeria, tracing its evolution from indigenous healing practices to its current status within the broader healthcare system. It examines the cultural significance of traditional medicine, considering its role in local communities and its enduring relevance in addressing healthcare needs, particularly in underserved rural areas. However, alongside the rich tapestry of traditional healing, concerns regarding safety, efficacy, and standardization have prompted calls for regulatory reforms to align herbal medicine practices with modern healthcare standards. This paper scrutinizes the existing regulatory frameworks governing herbal medicine in Nigeria, analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, and gaps therein. It explores the tension between preserving traditional knowledge and ensuring consumer protection, highlighting the need for a nuanced approach that respects cultural heritage while safeguarding public health. Furthermore, this research assesses the implications of regulatory interventions on various stakeholders, including herbal practitioners, consumers, and policymakers. It considers strategies for enhancing collaboration between traditional healers and the formal healthcare sector, fostering mutual respect, and promoting evidence-based practices. Ultimately, this study underscores the imperative of striking a delicate balance between tradition and modernity in regulating herbal medicine in Nigeria, advocating for a harmonized approach that upholds both cultural integrity and healthcare quality.
Momordica dioica: A medicinal plant, its benefits and pharmacological activity
Authors: Ankita P. Jatale  , Gayatri B. Jaiswal  , Payal G. Kabra  , Chhaya V. Mahajan  , Swati P. Deshmukh
Published: March 2024

Momordica dioica is a cucurbitaceous climbing creeper (commonly known as kakrol, spiny gourd or teasle gourd). It is native to Asia with widely distributed in India and Bangladesh also. It is used as preventive and curative agent for various diseases. It has also significant nutritional value as vegetable over thousands of years. This review aims to take an attempt to evaluate the pharmacological properties and benefits of Momordica dioica according to the view of traditional medicinal plant based on treatment including. Momordica dioica is considered as an underutilized vegetable, although having significant presence of certain compounds containing higher nutritional value than many frequently consumed vegetables. Different plant parts of Momordica dioica provide a numbers of phyto-constituents like alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, ursolic acid, vitamins, minerals and rich in fibre. They have potential to cure asthma, excessive salivation and inflammation caused by lizards, snake bite, elephantiasis, fever, mental and digestive disorders. It is used to maintain skin health.
Knowledge, attitude, and perception of obstetric fistula in some divisions in the far north region of Cameroon
Authors: NANCY AMBO FOMBANG
Published: March 2024

Obstetric fistula is a condition caused by neglected, prolonged obstructed labor. All societies have different customs and beliefs which are unique to them and, these customs and beliefs make them to have different regard to obstetric fistula. Since no two individuals are the same, as even identical twins do not reason in the same manner has given rise to so many different regards to obstetric fistula in the Far North Region. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual approach coupled with primary and secondary data were used in this study. The data collection techniques convoked were interviews, life history, direct observation, and literature review from relevant documents. The data collection tools consisted of a pen, notebook and a dicta phone. A total of 40 informants were interviewed of which 28 were fistula cases, social workers and other resource persons. A content analysis of the data was done wherein relevant data was represented on tables, in figures and percentages in order to give an in-depth interpretation of the results obtained. The community generally have very little knowledge about obstetric fistula and a very negative attitude and perception towards the cause and treatment of obstetric fistula as the fistula cases were stigmatized and also maginalised. From the various knowledge and perceptions on the causes of obstetric fistula outlined in this study, it has greatly influenced the attitude of the community towards obstetric fistula patients as there are both negative and positive attitudes towards them.
Evaluating the effectiveness of coconut oil (Cocus nucifera) anti-bacterial benefits in caries prevention: A literature review
Authors: Dea Permata  , Daniel Adhie Saputra  , Billy Saputra Sutedjo  , Zahara Meilawaty
Published: March 2024

Background: Caries is the damage to the hard tooth tissue, which is enamel and dentine due to bacteria, with one of them being Streptococcus mutans. Caries is the most widespread non-infectious disease, with 2 billion people in the world suffering from permanent tooth caries and 514 million children suffering from primary tooth caries. The abundance of natural resources in Indonesia can be used as a way to prevent caries, such as using coconut oil which is known to have antibacterial benefits. Method: Analysis of several scientific findings and research with publication limitation over the last 5 years, recorded after January 1st, 2018. Results: Based on the results of analysis from several studies, coconut oil is proven to contain lauric acid which can be converted into monolaurin which is an active antibacterial agent. Monolaurin will cover the surface of the bacterial cell wall (peptidoglycan) and penetrate so that metabolism and cell permeability are disrupted and ultimately the cell lysis and cell death occurs. Studies show the effect of coconut oil on the incubation of bacteria that successfully inhibit colonization. Conclusion: It is proven that the content of coconut oil can effectively prevent the growth of the bacteria causing caries. Coconut oil has the potential to be an important step in preventing caries in the future.
The benefits of purple sweet potato waste flour in the ratio of maintaining the quality of Lohmann brown chicken eggs
Authors: I Gede Adit Puspa Dantayasa  , I Wayan Suarna  , Desak Putu Mas Ari Candrawati
Published: March 2024

Lohmann brown chickens are laying hens as a source of egg supply. However, eggs are easily damaged if stored, it is necessary to improve egg quality, one of which can be done by utilizing purple sweet potato waste. This research aims to determine the effect of using purple sweet potato waste flour in rations on the quality of Lohmann brown chicken eggs stored for 5 weeks, carried out in Candiksuma Village, Melaya District, Jembrana Regency Bali for 12 weeks. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consisted of rations without purple sweet potato waste flour as a control (A), and rations containing 5% purple sweet potato waste flour (B), 10% (C), and 15% (D). Each experimental unit consisted of 10 chickens aged 65 weeks. After one month of treatment, 96 eggs were taken to be stored. The variables observed were egg weight, egg pH, egg specific gravity, egg yolk color, eggshell thickness, egg white percentage, egg yolk percentage, egg white index, egg yolk index, and haugh units (HU). The research results showed that giving purple sweet potato waste flour did not reduce egg quality in the variables of egg weight, egg pH, egg specific gravity, egg yolk percentage, egg white index, and egg yolk index during 5 weeks of storage. A decrease in egg quality occurs in egg yolk color, eggshell thickness, egg white percentage, and Haugh Units (HU). It can be concluded that providing purple sweet potato waste flour in the ration can maintain the quality of Lohmann brown chicken eggs stored for 5 weeks.
Age-related disparities in the severity course of COVID-19
Authors: Aneliya Lazarova Gotseva  , Emilia Krassimirova Naseva
Published: March 2024

COVID-19 demonstrates a different clinical severity of course in different age groups. In the present study, we present a comparative analysis regarding the risk of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality between two extreme age groups – children and young adults (0-39 years) and elderly patients (≥70 years). For the period from January to June 2022, nasopharyngeal samples of 1,611 patients at MHAT Uni Hospital (Panagyurishte, Bulgaria) were examined by PCR analysis, of which 486 had a positive result for SARS-CoV-2. From the first target group with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, there were 158 patients with an average age of 27.5 years, and only one of them was hospitalized (a 30-year-old man, unvaccinated, with bilateral pneumonia and concomitant arterial hypertension). The average age of the patients from the second target group (n=40) was 75.6 years, 29 of them were outpatients and 11 were hospitalized, among whom 5 men with an average age of 77.6 years died. The average hospital stay of the only hospitalized patient from the young age group was 6 bed days, while for patients ≥70 years of age it was 10.1 bed days. Age is among the determinants of risk of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality associated with COVID-19.
Integrative strategies for zoonotic disease surveillance: A review of one health implementation in the United States
Authors: Olumuyiwa Tolulope Ojeyinka  , Toritsemogba Tosanbami Omaghomi
Published: March 2024

Zoonotic diseases pose significant public health threats worldwide, highlighting the need for effective surveillance strategies. The One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health, has gained traction as a comprehensive framework for addressing zoonotic disease surveillance. This review explores integrative strategies for zoonotic disease surveillance in the United States, focusing on the implementation of One Health principles. The review examines the collaborative efforts between human and animal health sectors, environmental agencies, and other relevant stakeholders in implementing One Health surveillance strategies. It highlights the importance of data sharing, communication, and coordination among these sectors to enhance early detection, rapid response, and effective control of zoonotic diseases. Key findings include the establishment of cross-sectoral surveillance systems, such as the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) and the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS), which facilitate the collection and analysis of zoonotic disease data. These systems enable the identification of emerging zoonotic threats and the implementation of targeted interventions to mitigate risks. The review also discusses the role of technology, such as geographic information systems (GIS) and molecular epidemiology, in enhancing zoonotic disease surveillance. These tools enable the visualization of disease patterns and the tracking of disease transmission pathways, aiding in the development of effective control strategies. Challenges in implementing One Health surveillance strategies include limited resources, fragmented data systems, and regulatory barriers. Addressing these challenges requires increased investment in infrastructure, capacity building, and policy development to support integrated surveillance approaches. Overall, this review highlights the importance of One Health implementation in zoonotic disease surveillance and underscores the need for continued collaboration and innovation to enhance the effectiveness of surveillance efforts in the United States.
Application of Sitting and Lying Diabetic Leg Exercises with a Decrease Blood Sugar Levels on Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients
Authors: Heri Heri , Muda Iskandar , Khumaidi Khumaidi , Sukmana Mayusef
Published: March 2024

Introduction: diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by increased blood sugar levels. Blood sugar levels, if not controlled, will cause severe body system dysfunction. Diabetes mellitus has management in the form of physical exercise. The recommended exercise is diabetic foot exercise. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design with a case study approach carried out in March 2023 with two respondents in the Sidomulyo Health Center area using SOP for diabetic foot exercises. Results: The blood sugar levels results before being given therapy on the first day; R1=227 and R2=213. On the second day, R1=219 and R2=203. On the third day, R1=236 and R2=195. On the fourth day, R1=226 and R2=192. After being given therapy on the first day, R1=208 and R2=194. On the second day, R1=210 and R2=171. On the third day, R1=212 and R2=166. On the fourth day, R1=200 and R2=164. Conclusion: There is a decrease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after being given diabetic leg exercises while sitting and lying down.Keywords: Diabetic Foot Exercise, Blood Sugar Levels, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus