bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Method for Strain Measurement in the Tensile Testing of Filamentous Materials
Authors: Huang Mengxi , Wu Fuqi , Li Ziran , Xia Yuanming
Published: October 2012

A new method (common mode subtraction) for strain measurement in the tensile testing of filamentous materials is presented. In this method, crosshead displacements were divided into the specimen extension and the specimen extension error, the latter is associated with the testing system (machine frame, load-cell, load-string, and grips) and force, but assumed to be independent of the gage length. Common mode tension tests for steel and nylon tire cords at different gage lengths with two types of grips were performed at first. The test results showed an obvious existence of the specimen extension error, which leads to a dependence of the engineering strain on the gage length. The specimen extension error was found to be indeed independent of the gage length and increase with force nonlinearly. Then subtractions between any two of the obtained force–crosshead displacement curves were carried out to remove the specimen extension error, and then the actual force–strain curves (linear for steel cord and nonlinear for nylon cord) were obtained. Finally, comparisons between the common mode subtraction method and other methods, which were reported to be able to correct the specimen extension error, were made. The comparison revealed the relative stiffness is the key, that is, when the specimen is “weak” in relation to the testing system, the grip is the main source of error, but if the specimen is much “stronger,” the influence of the system compliance will become significant. The comparison also showed the common mode subtraction method is clearer and more general in theory, as well as more applicable and efficient in practice.
Optimization Analysis of the Machine Repair Problem with Balking and Variable Number of Servers
Authors: Wang Kuo-Hsiung , Liou Yuh-Ching , Yang Dong-Yuh
Published: October 2012

This paper analyzes the machine repair problem with a variable number of servers in which failed machines balk (do not enter) with a constant probability. Failure and repair times of the failed machines are assumed to be exponentially distributed. We apply a recursive method to derive analytic steady-state solutions, through which several system performance measures can be obtained. A cost model is developed to determine the optimal maximum number of busy servers and the optimal value of the balking probability. We use the direct search method and the Newton’s method to find the minimum cost until the balking constraint is satisfied. Numerical results provided in which various system performance measures are evaluated under optimal operating conditions. Finally, an application example is provided to demonstrate how the queueing model could be used in real-life situations.
Comparison of Dynamic Moduli for Asphalt Mixtures Determined from Different Geometries and Compactions
Authors: Lacroix Andrew , Kim Y. Richard , Arellano Consuelo
Published: October 2012

The MEPDG (ARA, Inc., “NCHRP 1–37A Final Report: Guide for Mechanistic-Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures,” NCHRP Program 1–37A Project, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 2004) introduces the dynamic modulus as the material property to characterize asphalt concrete. One of the challenges of acquiring the dynamic modulus from existing pavements is the standard dimensions of the test specimen. The specimen size specified in AASHTO TP62–07 (2007, “Standard Method of Test for Determining Dynamic Modulus of Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete Mixtures,” AASHTO, Washington, D.C.) cannot be obtained from many pavement layers. This study evaluates two other geometries, indirect tension specimens and prismatic specimens, to determine whether the measured dynamic modulus is the same as the modulus obtained from TP62 protocol. This study provides a comparison of the effects of a non-uniform state of stress and anisotropy. These effects are isolated by comparing specimens prepared by Superpave gyratory compaction and vibratory steel-wheel compaction. The comparisons are verified using four 12.5-mm surface course mixtures with different aggregate shapes and binder types, and one 25.0-mm base mixture. The results show that the difference between the dynamic modulus values obtained from different geometries is statistically insignificant. The results provide justification for using alternative methods for acquiring the dynamic modulus experimentally—specifically, for previously constructed pavements.
Involvement of miRNAs in ovarian follicular and luteal development
Authors: Donadeu F X , Schauer S N , Sontakke S D
Published: October 2012

Although much progress has been made in the genetic dissection of biological networks involved in follicular/luteal development in the mammalian ovary, the gene regulation mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. Over the last 10 years, miRNAs have emerged as master regulators of tissue growth and differentiation in animals. However, compared with other body tissues, little is still known about the functional involvement of miRNAs in the ovary. Several studies have identified miRNA populations specifically associated with the development of follicles and corpora lutea, particularly in relation to the follicular–luteal transition, and the functional involvement of some of these miRNAs has been characterisedin vitroand/orin vivo. Specifically, three different miRNAs, miR-224, miR-378 and miR-383, have shown to be involved in regulating aromatase expression during follicle development. In addition, miR-21 has been identified as promoting follicular cell survival during ovulation, and pro-angiogenic miR-17-5p and let-7b were shown to be necessary for normal development of the corpus luteum. Experimental evidence for the involvement of several other miRNAs in different aspects of follicle/luteal development has also been obtained. In addition, many of these studies exemplify the challenges associated with identifying physiologically relevant targets of ovarian miRNAs. Continuous advances in this field will be considerably facilitated by progress in understanding miRNA physiology in other body systems and will eventually lead to a much better understanding of the control of follicular/luteal development. In turn, through the potential offered by miRNA diagnostics and miRNA therapeutics, this new knowledge should bring considerable benefits to reproductive medicine.
Effect of welding on the fatigue strength of welded joints using the GMAW process in transformation induced plasticity steels (TRIP) used in the automotive industry
Authors: Lopez Victor , Reyes Arturo , Zambrano Patricia , Del Prado Joaquín
Published: October 2012

Welding of TRIP steels are one of the technical challenges in the successful application of AHSS in chassis structures. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is a common welding process used in the automotive industry, for joining mild steels. TRIP steel; however, do not offer the same ease of welding, and process control welding parameters is more critical. The welding parameters window represents the range of acceptable process parameters, primarily control of heat inputs, to obtain an acceptable weld. As a result, the effects of the heat input variations are greater and TRIP steel has a narrower welding parameters window in which acceptable welds can be made. Mechanical properties of the lap joints of TRIP 780 steel 2.8 mm thickness was analyzed, fusion welds were evaluated using fatigue tests on these joints for different heat inputs. Fatigue testing was conducted under a different number of nominal stress ranges to obtain the S/N curves of the weld joints.
Escala de coma de Glasgow e qualidade de vida pós-trauma cranioencefálico
Authors: Settervall Cristina Helena Costanti , Sousa Regina Marcia Cardoso de
Published: October 2012

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho de diferentes escores da Escala de Coma de Glasgow (ECGl) observados nas primeiras 72 horas pós trauma perante a qualidade de vida e mudança percebida do estado de saúde, após um ano do evento traumático. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, observacional, longitudinal, descritivo e correlacional com vítimas de trauma cranioencefálico contuso (TCEC) avaliadas, diariamente durante a internação hospitalar, e após um ano por meio do Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTADOS: sob as curvas Reciever Operator Characteristics dos valores da ECGl referentes à mudança percebida do estado de saúde não apresentaram diferença significativa e variaram de 0,63 a 0,71. Correlação, estatisticamente significante, porém fraca, foi observada entre os escores da ECGl e alguns dos domínios do SF-36. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se que os diferentes valores da ECGl apresentaram limitações para que fossem aplicados na prática clínica para estimar as consequências do TCEC a longo prazo.
Rasuras orais em madrasta e as duas irmãs: processo de escritura de uma díade recém-alfabetizada
Authors: Calil Eduardo
Published: October 2012

Inserido no campo de estudos sobre processos de criação textual na escola (genética textual) e processos enunciativos (linguística da enunciação), o presente artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre as rasuras orais que emergem durante a escritura de uma história inventada, quando duas alunas recém-alfabetizadas (7 anos de idade) combinam e escrevem juntas um mesmo manuscrito escolar. A partir de considerações em torno do acaso da emergência dessas rasuras no fluxo do dizer e do dialogismo interlocutivo e interdiscursivo que constitui o dizer dessas alunas, descrevem-se algumas de suas formas de manifestação, acompanhadas por comentários que impedem ou justificam a entrada de um elemento na posição de outro. Respeitando as características etnolinguísticas, o processo de criação textual foi filmado em uma sala de aula da cidade de São Paulo e transcrito por meio do programa Eudico Linguistic Annotator (ELAN). A transcrição efetivada, ao associar e sincronizar a simultaneidade dos vários elementos (linguísticos, entoacionais, discursivos e gestuais) que emergiram no fluxo do dizer, permitiu a identificação de diferentes tipos de comentários, caracterizados como pragmáticos, textuais e semânticos. A análise enfatiza, de um lado, o azar e o instante de sua ocorrência, e, de outro, o dialogismo interlocutivo e interdiscursivo presente no modo de dizer das alunas. O desacordo intersubjetivo identificado no texto dialogal destaca um termo, questionando-o e comentando-o, de forma que ele pode ser substituído, inserido ou suprimido do texto final. O caráter fortuito e dialógico dos retornos dos escreventes sobre o que foi dito caracteriza a rasura oral e é o testemunho das posições subjetivas que singularizam tanto o processo de escritura quanto o manuscrito escolar.
An Analytical Solution to the One‐Dimensional Heat Conduction–Convection Equation in Soil
Authors: Wang Linlin , Gao Zhiqiu , Horton Robert , Lenschow Donald H. , Meng Kai , Jaynes Dan B.
Published: October 2012

Soil heat transfer occurs by conduction and convection. Soil temperatures below infiltrating water can provide a signal for water flux. In earlier work, analysis of field measurements with a sine wave model indicated that convection heat transfer made significant contributions to the subsurface temperature oscillations. In this work, we used a Fourier series to describe soil surface temperature variations with time. The conduction and convection heat transfer equation with a multi‐sinusoidal wave boundary condition was solved analytically using a Fourier transformation. Soil temperature values calculated by the single sine wave model and by the Fourier series model were compared with field soil temperature values measured at depths of 0.1 and 0.3 m below an infiltrating ponded surface. The Fourier series model provided better estimates of observed field temperatures than the sine wave model. The new model provides a general way to describe soil temperature under an infiltrating water source.
Uncertainty in design flood profiles derived by hydraulic modelling
Authors: Brandimarte Luigia , Di Baldassarre Giuliano
Published: October 2012

The scientific literature has widely shown that hydraulic modelling is affected by many sources of uncertainty (e.g. model structure, input data, model parameters). However, when hydraulic models are used for engineering purposes (e.g. flood defense design), there is still a tendency to make a deterministic use of them. More specifically, the prediction of flood design profiles is often based on the outcomes of a calibrated hydraulic model. Despite the good results in model calibration, this prediction is affected by significant uncertainty, which is commonly considered by adding a freeboard to the simulated flood profile. A more accurate approach would require an explicit analysis of the sources of uncertainty affecting hydraulic modelling and design flood estimation. This paper proposes an alternative approach, which is based on the use of uncertain flood profiles, where the most significant sources of uncertainty are explicitly analyzed. An application to the Po river reach between Cremona and Borgoforte (Italy) is used to illustrate the proposed framework and compare it to the traditional approach. This paper shows that the deterministic approach underestimates the design flood profile and questions whether the freeboard, often arbitrarily defined, might lead to a false perception of additional safety levels.
A comparison of single- and multi-gauge based calibrations for hydrological modeling of the Upper Daning River Watershed in China's Three Gorges Reservoir Region
Authors: Gong Yongwei , Shen Zhenyao , Liu Ruimin , Hong Qian , Wu Xing
Published: October 2012

Many parameters in hydrological models cannot be measured directly and should be estimated through calibration. In this study, four separate calibration schemes, including a multi-gauge and three single-gauge ones, were conducted to simulate the daily stream flow of the Upper Daning River in China's Three Gorges Reservoir Region using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). A highly efficient calibration technique – the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting version-2 (SUFI-2) procedure – was utilized in the calibration and validation. Results indicated that all four schemes could obtain satisfactory parameter sets, and there were no obvious differences between the simulation results obtained by the multi- and single-gauge calibration schemes in terms of Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency value (ENS). This might be attributed to the uniformly distributed land uses, similar topography variations and the low resolution of soil type map of the study area.
Recovery from AKI and Short- and Long-Term Outcomes after Lung Transplantation
Authors: Wehbe Edgard , Duncan Andra E. , Dar Gohar , Budev Marie , Stephany Brian
Published: October 2012

Background and objectives

Patients with AKI after lung transplantation are at increased risk for CKD and death. Whether patients who completely recover from AKI have improved long-term outcome compared with patients who do not completely recover remains unknown.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This study retrospectively evaluated data on 657 patients who underwent lung transplantation from 1997 to 2009. Outcomes analyzed were the incidence of renal recovery after AKI and the association of this recovery with short- and long-term mortality. AKI was defined by an absolute increase in serum creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dl or a percent increase in serum creatinine of ≥50% from baseline at any time during the first 2 weeks after transplantation.

Results

Four hundred twenty-four (65%) patients experienced AKI in the first 2 weeks after transplantation. Of these patients, complete renal recovery occurred in 142 (33%) patients. The incidence of in-hospital complications was similar between patients who recovered renal function and patients without recovery. At 1 year, the cumulative incidence of CKD was 14% and 22% (P=0.10) and patient survival rate was 81% and 76% (P=0.20) in patients with complete recovery from AKI and patients without recovery, respectively. Patients with completely recovered AKI had similar risk-adjusted long-term mortality compared with patients who did not recover (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]=1.42 [1.15–2.05] versus 1.53 [1.01–2.00]).

Conclusions

Patients who recover completely from early AKI after lung transplantation have a similar risk for CKD and long-term mortality compared with patients who do not recover.
How to Overcome Barriers and Establish a Successful Home HD Program
Authors: Young Bessie A. , Chan Christopher , Blagg Christopher , Lockridge Robert , Golper Thomas , Finkelstein Fred , Shaffer Rachel , Mehrotra Rajnish
Published: October 2012

Home hemodialysis (HD) is an underused dialysis modality in the United States, even though it provides an efficient and probably cost-effective way to provide more frequent or longer dialysis. With the advent of newer home HD systems that are easier for patients to learn, use, and maintain, patient and provider interest in home HD is increasing. Although barriers for providers are similar to those for peritoneal dialysis, home HD requires more extensive patient training, nursing education, and infrastructure support in order to maintain a successful program. In addition, because many physicians and patients do not have experience with home HD, reluctance to start home HD programs is widespread. This in-depth review describes barriers to home HD, focusing on patients, individual physicians and practices, and dialysis facilities, and offers suggestions for how to overcome these barriers and establish a successful home HD program.
The Contagion Effect of Low-Quality Audits
Authors: Francis Jere R. , Michas Paul N.
Published: October 2012

We investigate if the existence of low-quality audits in an auditor office indicates the presence of a “contagion effect” on the quality of other (concurrent) audits conducted by the office. A low-quality audit is defined as the presence of one or more clients with overstated earnings that were subsequently corrected by a downward restatement. We document that the quality of audited earnings (abnormal accruals) is lower for clients in these office-years (when the misreporting occurred) compared to a control sample of office-years with no restatements. This effect lasts for up to five subsequent years, indicating that audit firms do not immediately rectify the problems that caused contagion. We also find that an office-year with client misreporting is likely to have subsequent (new) client restatements over the next five fiscal years. Overall, the evidence suggests that certain auditor offices have systematic audit-quality problems and that these problems persist over time.

Data Availability: All data are publicly available.
Is Normative Male Alexithymia Associated with Relationship Satisfaction, Fear of Intimacy and Communication Quality among Men in Relationships?
Authors: Karakis Emily N. , Levant Ronald F.
Published: October 2012

This study investigated the relationships between Normative Male Alexithymia (NMA), Relationship Satisfaction, Fear of Intimacy, and Communication Quality among men in relationships. NMA is the inability of men to put emotions into words posited to result from traditional masculine role socialization, and reflected in the endorsement of and conformity to traditional masculine norms (Levant et al, 2006). Previous research has found a moderate, negative relationship between alexithymia and relationship satisfaction (Humphreys, Wood, & Parker, 2009). It was hypothesized that NMA would negatively correlate with Relationship Satisfaction and Communication Quality but would positively correlate with Fear of Intimacy. A sample of 175 men from university and community sources volunteered for the study. All three hypotheses were supported by the findings. These findings set the stage for future explorations into the effects of the results of masculine gender role socialization, such as Normative Male Alexithymia, on romantic relationships.
“How a (Black) Man Should Live”: Southern “Places” of Memory, Instruction, and Transformation in Ernest J. Gaines's A Lesson before Dying
Authors: Martin Chante B.
Published: October 2012

In A Lesson Before Dying (1993/1994), Ernest J. Gaines situates the courthouse, the jail, the home, and the church as central to the gendered racial consciousness of African American men and boys. With their distinctive American and keenly southern histories, each site holds particular significance to the lives of African American males. For the Black men and boys in Gaines's novel, especially the protagonists Grant Wiggins and Jefferson, each location functions as a poignant place of memory, instruction, and transformation. Ultimately, Gaines's fictive representation of the role of physical sites (and experiences occurring therein) in the development of Black male consciousness is linked to broader discussions on how African American men understand the U.S. South.
Low-grade glioma surgery in eloquent areas: volumetric analysis of extent of resection and its impact on overall survival. A single-institution experience in 190 patients
Authors: Ius Tamara , Isola Miriam , Budai Riccardo , Pauletto Giada , Tomasino Barbara , Fadiga Luciano , Skrap Miran
Published: October 2012

Object

A growing number of published studies have recently demonstrated the role of resection in overall survival (OS) for patients with gliomas. In this retrospective study, the authors objectively investigated the role of the extent of resection (EOR) in OS in patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs).

Methods

Between 1998 and 2011, 190 patients underwent surgery for LGGs. All surgical procedures were conducted under corticosubcortical stimulation. The EOR was established by analyzing the pre- and postoperative volumes of the gliomas on T2-weighted MRI studies. The difference between the preoperative tumor volumes was also investigated by measuring the volumetric difference between the T2- and T1-weighted MRI images (ΔVT2T1) to evaluate how the diffusive tumor-growing pattern affected the EOR achieved.

Results

The median preoperative tumor volume was 55 cm3, and in almost half of the patients the EOR was greater than 90%. In this study, patients with an EOR of 90% or greater had an estimated 5-year OS rate of 93%, those with EOR between 70% and 89% had a 5-year OS rate of 84%, and those with EOR less than 70% had a 5-year OS rate of 41% (p < 0.001). New postoperative deficits were noted in 43.7% of cases, while permanent deficits occurred in 3.16% of cases. There were 41 deaths (21.6%), and the median follow-up was 4.7 years.

A further volumetric analysis was also conducted to compare 2 different intraoperative protocols (Series 1 [intraoperative electrical stimulation alone] vs Series 2 [intraoperative stimulation plus overlap of functional MRI/fiber tracking diffusion tensor imaging data on a neuronavigation system]). Patients in Series 1 had a median EOR of 77%, while those in Series 2 had a median EOR of 90% (p = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that OS is influenced not only by EOR (p = 0.001) but also by age (p = 0.003), histological subtype (p = 0.005), and the ΔVT2T1 value (p < 0.0001). Progression-free survival is similarly influenced by histological subtype (fibrillary astrocytoma, p = 0.003), EOR (p < 0.0001), and ΔVT2T1 value (p < 0.0001), as is malignant progression–free survival (p = 0.003, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively). Finally, the study shows that the higher the ΔVT2T1 value, the less extensive the currently possible resection, highlighting an apparent correlation between the ΔVT2T1 value itself and EOR (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The EOR and the ΔVT2T1 values are the strongest independent predictors in improving OS as well as in delaying tumor progression and malignant transformation. Furthermore, the ΔVT2T1 value may be useful as a predictive index for EOR. Finally, due to intraoperative corticosubcortical mapping and the overlap of functional data on the neuronavigation system, major resection is possible with an acceptable risk and a significant increase in expected OS.
Origins of laryngology: from mirror to laser
Authors: Hassan Tarafder Kamrul
Published: October 2012

Not available DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.11980 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 99-102
Etiological factors of deafness and results of aided audiogram among below 12 years deaf children in a deaf school
Authors: Jamal Mohammad Nasimul , Ahsan Ali Imam , Sattar Mohammed , Hasnat Joarder Md Abul
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Deafness is the invisible disability and the commonest human sensory defects.  It leads to difficult speech development, poor educational and employment prospects of  chilhood. Comprehensive otologic and audiological evaluations are very much essential for  etiological assessment of hearing impaired children and management efficacy.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the etiological  factors, degree of hearing loss, type of hearing loss, and results of aided audiogram among  the below 12 years deaf children. The study included 100 deaf children below 12 years with  history of deafness and non-development of speech.Result: The etiology of deaf Children was diverse. Infection was the predominating etiological  factor (38%). The infections were: measles (31.5%), pneumonia (26.2%), typhoid (21.5%),  maternal rubella (5.2%), varicella (5.2%), mumps (5.2%) and meningitis (5.2%). 48% of deaf  child had a parental suspicion of deafness below the one year of age. 35% had a positive  family history and 32% had history of consanguinal marriage. The deaf children were managed  with hearing device, among them 89% with hearing aid and 11% with cochlear implant 42.7% of child used hearing aid in both ears. The results of aided audiogram reflected that, the gain  after using hearing aid within 31-60 dB were 80%. 10% in right ear, 71.10% in left year and  70.00% in both ears, so average gain after using hearing aid was 74% within 31- 60 dB. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.11981 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 103-108
Intranasal pressure splints - a reliable alternative to nasal packing in septal sur
Authors: Jawaid Arafat , Tahir Muhammad , Abdullah Ameer , Akbar Farhan , Jamalullah Muhammad
Published: October 2012

Objective: To compare the outcome of nasal packing and intranasal pressure splints in patients undergoing septoplasty. Study design: Randomized controlled trial.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at otorhinolaryngology department of  Combined Military Hospitals, Bahawalpur and Murree from June 2010 to November 2011.Methods: A total of 160 patients aged 15 to 50 years, undergoing septoplasty, were included  in the study and distributed in two equal groups. Group A with nasal packing, was compared with group B in which nasal splints were placed and no nasal packing was done. Post operative  morbidity in terms of pain, headache, epiphora, dysphagia and sleep disturbance along with post operative complications including nasal bleed, septal hematoma and synechiae formation were assessed over a follow up period of four weeks.Results: Patients in which nasal packing was done had significantly more post operative pain (p < 0.05) and a significantly higher incidence of headache, epiphora, dysphagia and sleep disturbance on the night of surgery (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups with respect to nasal bleeding, septal hematoma and synechiae formation.Conclusion: Pressure splints around nasal septum are effective alternative to nasal packing. With the use of these splints, nasal packing can be easily avoided following septal surgery, thus minimizing post operative discomfort of the patient. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.11985 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 124-128
Stylalgia: a novel approach to treatment
Authors: Maity Kuntal , Misra Saibal
Published: October 2012

Purpose:(1) To evaluate digital fracture of enlarged styloid as a clinical maneuver, in office setting, in relieving symptoms in stylalgia. (2) To avoid surgery or long term medications as definitive treatment of stylalgia. (3) To reduce the investigations, workload in OPD and thereby ultimately cutting the cost of health care.Methods: This study started with total relief of symptoms in a stylalgia patient instantaneously after incidental fracture of enlarged styloid process of the same side during routine clinical palpation. Encouraged with this we started this study; within the period from June 2008 to May 2010 total 36 patients were included in this study.Results: We had 36 cases with stylalgia, among them 4 cases had enlarged styloid so thick that they were resistant to digital fracture. Those 4 cases were taken for surgery. Among those four cases 3 (75%) were male. We found male styloid tougher and harder than that of females. We were able to fracture enlarged and symptomatic styloid in OPD in 32 cases. Among them after initial 1 hour, observation after the maneuver, 10 (31%) had complete of their symptoms and also 13 (40.6%) cases had considerable improvement of their symptoms within 1 hour, but 9 cases felt no improvement. We followed up our patients after, 1 week, 2 week, 1 month and 6 months. After 1 month, 26 had complete symptoms relief, 3 had considerable improvement and 3 felt no improvement. But after 6 months of follow-up, 2 cases with symptoms relieved completely, developed symptoms but with much lesser intensity.Conclusion: Using this simple in office procedure we were able to avoid long term medicines, recurrent investigations. By giving relief we could avoid surgeries in large majority of cases, making the already over burdened theater available to other patients and also cutting preoperative investigations. Thus we can cut the burden of health care for such chronic cases DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.11990 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 133-137
Is there any role of post operative antibiotics in reducing secondary haemorrhage after tonsillectomy
Authors: Kamal Mohammad Shah , Farzana Rubina , Tariq Ahmed , Humayun Abu Hena Mohammad Parvez
Published: October 2012

Objective: To compare with and without the antibiotic therapy in reducing post-tonsillectomy secondary haemorrhage.Method: A prospective study was conducted at Shaheed Shamsuddin Ahmed Hospital, Sylhet from April 2010 to April 2012. 170 patients who underwent tonsillectomy divided into two groups randomly each consisting of 85 patients. In group A (intervention group) - antibiotic was given post-operatively, while in group B (control group) - no antibiotic was given. Postoperative follow-up was done till the tonsillar fossa healed.Results: Among 170 patients 61.18% were female and 38.82% were male, mean age was 21.58 years. One patient from antibiotic group had secondary haemorrhage (1.18%), while no haemorrhage was observed in non- antibiotic group. Secondary haemorrhage rate was 0.59% in total study population.Conclusion: The study showed that antibiotic did not have any significant role in reducing the post-tonsillectomy secondary haemorrhage DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12009 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 166-170
Video Laryngostroboscopy
Authors: Tarafder Kamrul Hassan , Chowdhury M Alamgir , Tariq Ahmed
Published: October 2012

Stroboscopy has improved our understanding of the vocal cord function and has become an important tool in the diagnosis of voice disorders. It has led to changes in diagnosis in approximately 30% of cases when compared to examination with continuous light and mirror. It is important to understand the normal microscopic anatomy of the vocal folds- the plane of movement of the mucosal wave is the superficial layer (Reinkes space) of lamina propria. Opening and closing of the vocal cords during phonation can be easily seen in mirror examination. The use of high speed motion photography demonstrates additional movements. The equipment required includes stroboscope, camera, recorder, monitor and 90 degree telescope. The following parameters are routinely noted -fundamental frequency, periodicity, amplitude, symmetry, glottic closure, mucosal wave, non vibrating portion, supraglottic activity of larynx. Videostroboscopy helps in differentiating superficial lesions of the epithelium from the deeper lesions involving the muscle. It is useful in diagnosis of early malignancy, vocal nodule, differentiating unilateral paralysis from ankylosis of the cricoarytenoid joint, planning and evaluating phonosurgery. The stroboscopy images can be recorded and stored for future medicolegal purposes in professional voice users and monitoring their treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12010 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 171-178
Unilateral internal auditory canal stenosis with progressive facial weakness
Authors: Murali Sathiya , Shekhar Arpana , Sudhakar S Shyam , Natarajan Kiran , Kameswaran Mohan
Published: October 2012

Internal auditory canal (IAC) stenosis is a rare cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Patient may present with symptoms of progressive facial nerve palsy, hearing loss, tinnitus and giddiness. High resolution temporal bone CT-scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the important tools for diagnosis. No specific management has been devised. Here is presentation of a case of unilateral (left) IAC stenosis with profound hearing loss and progressive House Brackmann Grade III-IV facial weakness. The diameter of the IAC was less than 2 mm on high resolution temporal bone computed tomography (HRCT) scan. It was managed by facial nerve decompression by translabyrinthine approach in an attempt to prevent further deterioration of facial palsy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12014 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 179-182
Hidden foreign body in an unexplained asthma
Authors: Rusydi WZA , Asma A , Goh BS
Published: October 2012

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common condition with potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality. In children, highest incidence is within the first 3 years of life. Without witnessed aspiration or acute symptoms such as choking, coughing or respiratory distress, it may go unnoticed as clinical presentation and radiological investigations generally have low diagnostic value. Delay in diagnosis increases the risk of developing severe complications. Unexplained recurring or persistent lung pathologies in this age group should raise suspicion of FBA, and early bronchoscopy is warranted for confirmation of diagnosis. We report a case of FBA in a 2-year-old boy whom had been symptomatic for 3 months and was treated as bronchial asthma prior to diagnosis of foreign body in the left bronchus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12017 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 200-202
Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma of thyroid - a case report and review of literature
Authors: Anwar Mostafa Mahfuzul , Khan AKM Sahabuddin
Published: October 2012

Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma of thyroid is a rare tumour first described in 1987. Its cytological and histopathological features are very close to other thyroid neoplasms specially papillary and medullary carcinoma. So misinterpretation of cytological feature may lead to a total thyroidectomy whereas a lobectomy is enough to cure this benign condition. Here we present such a case in a 30-year-old female patient and review the diagnosis and management DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12018 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 203-206
Primary rhinosporidiosis of parotid duct
Authors: Ray Ritam , Mondal Rajib Kumar , Bose Kingshuk , Dewan Koushik , Bera Himel , Gayen Ganesh Chandra
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease. It is commonly seen in Southern Asia specially in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka and mainly involves the mucosa of the nasal cavity.Case report: We report here an unique case of parotid duct rhinosporidiosis which was incidentally diagnosed by histopathological examination in a 26-year-old male. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12021 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 212-214
Extraction of live leech from nasal cavity: an interesting case report from a rural area hospital
Authors: Uppal Hari C , Chandel Vijay Singh , Chandel Lata R
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Leeches are blood sucking invertebrate parasites. They are endemic in tropical regions like Asia, Africa and Mediterranean countries with different colors and sizes. Entry into human body is through drinking polluted water. These inhabit mucosa of nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, tonsils, esophagus but rarely larynx.Case report: Here we report a case of live leech in the left nasal cavity in a 40-year-old male that caused symptoms of watery discharge and occasional epistaxis from left nostril along with headache. Habitual drinking of water from a natural source of water was assumed as the cause of leech infestation. The leech was extracted finally from oropharynx, with great effort as it continuously changed its locations.Conclusion: Leech infestation must be kept as differential diagnosis for various foreign bodies in the respiratory tract causing, unusual respiratory distress and epistaxis, especially in rural area people, where drinking water from natural sources of water is a regular habit. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12027 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 222-224
An unusual case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Taufiq Md , Begum Ferdousy , Kamal Mohammed
Published: October 2012

Though rare in other parts of the world, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is relatively rare in Eastern and Southeast Asia (18% of all malignant tumours). Nonetheless spindle cell type of NPC is extremely rare all over the world. Ophthalmo-neurologic manifestations of nasopharyngeal carcinoma are also very rare. Here we present a case of spindle cell type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with ophthalmo-neurological and cutaneous manifestations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12028 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 225-230
Metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy masquerading as extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Adeyemo Adebolajo A
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Cervical lymphadenopathy can be due to various pathologies especially in the young. A high index of suspicion is required in the management of cervical lymphadenopathy to prevent misdiagnosis and wrong treatment.Case report: Here present the diagnostic challenge in the case of a young lady with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who initially presented solely with cervical lymphadenopathy. Previous fine needle aspiration cytology had suggested tuberculosis (TB) and she was commenced on anti-TB drugs. However failure of improvement and worsening symptoms led to another review in ENT clinic. A subsequent nasopharyngeal biopsy confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma. She subsequently improved after commencement of appropriate treatment.Conclusion: In regions with a high prevalence rate of tuberculosis, care must be taken to exclude malignancy in patients with cervical lymphadenopathy even when cytology suggests a granulomatous infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12030 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 234-237
Ameloblastoma  An asymptomatic odontogenic tumor
Authors: Sattar Md Abdus , Uzzaman Shihab
Published: October 2012

A 20-year-old male presented with a small swelling in the vestibular area of the right lower second mandibular molar region. Clinically, the area was slightly tender and the tooth had grade two mobility. There was no nerve deficit or adenopathy in the head and neck. Vitality testing of the tooth revealed the tooth to be vital. Radiographically, the tooth had a relativelydefined radiolucent lesion in the periapex with resorption of the mesial and distal root apices. We have discussed the probable treatment plan with the patient and going for extraction of involving tooth and excision of whole lesion with complete margin which is suspected as ameloblastoma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12031 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 238-241
Validated stability indicating gradient RP-HPLC method for the estimation of antihypertensive drugs in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms
Authors: Raj Napa Delhi , Anbazhagan Sockalingam , Babu Kunapareddy Anudeep , Babu Sunkara Narendra , Bhimanadhuni Chusena Narasimharaju
Published: October 2012

A rapid and precise RP-HPLC method for determination of Olmesartan medoxomil and Hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Olmesartan medoxomil & Hydrochlorothiazide are found to be degraded together under different set of conditions as followed according to ICH guidelines and the degradants so formed along with olmesartan & hydrochlorothiazide are separated by using INERTSIL ODS C18 3V (150 x 4.6, 5µ) using mobile phase 1ml triethanolamine in one litre water and the pH was adjusted to 2.5 with orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile using a gradient program with a flow rate of 1ml/min, throughout the gradient program with a detection wavelength of 225nm for both the compounds with a injection volume of 10µl. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity, accuracy, robustness, precision and specificity. The results were indicating the method was selective in analysis of both olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide in the presence of degradation products formed under various stress conditions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i11.12058 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(11): 336-341
Simultaneous determination of azathioprine and its metabolite 6-mercaptopurine in human plasma using solid phase extraction-evaporation and liquid chromatographypositive electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Raja Mokkaisamy Jegadeesh , Kavitha Jegadeesh Raja , Kumar Kothamasu Pavan , Sivakumar Thangavel
Published: October 2012

A simple, rapid, specific, sensitive and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the estimation of azathioprine and its metabolite 6-mercaptopurine in human plasma by using lamivudine and 6-mercaptopurine D3 as the internal standard. Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine were extracted from human plasma by solid-phase extraction (SPE)-Evaporation method, using Oasis MCX cartridge for cleaning procedure. The stationary phase was chromatographed on a ZORBAX SB CN, (75X50 mm, 5 µ) column where as mobile phase constitutes of acetonitrile: 2mM ammonium acetate (70:30 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.800 ml/min. The detection was performed with an Applied Biosystems Sciex API 4000 mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The method validation proofs were carried out as per the USFDA guidelines as described, showing a linearity system (r2 > 0.99) over a range of 2.455 ng/mL to 106.568 ng/mL for azathioprine and 1.165 ng/mL to 101.143 ng/mL concentrations for 6-mercaptopurine and a recovery shows 99.36% and 100.44% for azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine respectively. The results show that this proposed approach is effective and can be applied to the extraction and analysis of other pharmaceutical compounds.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i11.12059 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(11): 342-352
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN): Method, Characterization and Applications
Authors: Garud Akanksha , Singh Deepti , Garud Navneet
Published: October 2012

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have emerged as a next-generation drug delivery system with potential applications in pharmaceutical field, cosmetics, research, clinical medicine and other allied sciences. Recently, increasing attention has been focused on these SLN as colloidal drug carriers for incorporating hydrophilic or lipophilic drugs. Proteins and antigens intended for therapeutic purposes may be incorporated or adsorbed onto SLN, and further administered by parenteral routes or be alternative routes such as oral, nasal and pulmonary. The obstacles associated with conventional chemotherapy may be partially overcome by encapsulating them as SLN. The present review focuses on the utility of SLN in terms of their advantages, production methodology, characterization and applications. If properly investigated, SLNs may open new vistas in therapy of complex diseases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i11.12065 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(11): 384-393
Weight Change and Oedema Pattern in Different Types of Childhood Idiopathic Nephritic Syndrome
Authors: Islam Md. Rafiqul , Matin Abdul , Khan Rita
Published: October 2012

J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll ?Volume 2 Number 2 December 2010 ? Page 2-5 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v2i2.12044
The Prevalence of HCV Infection Among Healthcare Workers in Dhaka City
Authors: Ghosh Dilip Kumar , Rana Syed Alamgir Safwath , Ghosh Chanchal Kumar , Mahmuduzaman Md. , Rahman Md. Mustafizur , Rahma Anisur
Published: October 2012

J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll ?Volume 2 Number 2 December 2010 ? Page 12-17 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v2i2.12047
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection - An Unusual Presentation - A Case Report
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahmudul , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Matin Abdul , Sarkar Nihar Ranjan , Mowla Md. Golam , Roy Ranjit Ranjan , Afroz Rubina
Published: October 2012

J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll ?Volume 2 Number 2 December 2010 ? Page 24-25 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v2i2.12049
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Poor Nutritional Status among Children in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania
Authors: Abubakar Amina , Uriyo Jacqueline , Msuya Sia , Swai Mark , Stray-Pedersen Babill
Published: October 2012

The current study investigated the prevalence and risk factors for poor nutritional status among children less than 36 months of age in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania. Using a cross sectional study design, children and their caregivers were recruited into the study. Anthropometric measures were taken based on established protocol while a standard questionnaire was utilized to collect socio-demographic data. A finger-prick blood sample was collected from all the children and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration analyzed using a HemoCue photometer (HemoCue AB, Angelholm, Sweden). Four hundred and twenty three (423) children (214 females) took part in this study. Participating children were aged between 1–35 months (mean = 13.04, SD = 7.70). We observed high rates of stunting (44.2%) and underweight (19.1%). Nearly 70% (n = 295) of the sample was anaemic (Hb < 11 g/dL). In a multivariate logistic regression model concerns on child growth, maternal education, and child’s age were found to independently predict stunting; whereas concerns over child’s growth and development, and distance to water source were found to uniquely predict being underweight. Maternal education was the only factor related to the child’s anaemia. The current study further emphasizes the need to implement context relevant interventions to combat malnutrition in this region of Tanzania and other similar settings.