bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Procedural Developments at the International Court of Justice
Authors: Bordin Fernando Lusa
Published: August 2014

The present column covers procedural developments at the International Court of Justice in the period spanning from 1 February 2013 to 31 May 2014. These include: the Court’s discretion to join proceedings and the admissibility of counter-memorials in the Certain Activities/Construction of a Road cases; questions of judicial propriety arising in the Frontier Dispute case; interpretation of a reservation to a declaration made under the Optional Clause and intervention under Article 63 of the Statute in the Whaling case; assessment of the requirement of imminent risk when unilateral undertakings are given in provisional measures proceedings in the Certain Activities/Construction of a Road and Seizure and Detention cases; and the extent of the Court’s jurisdiction under Article 60 of the Statute in interpretation proceedings in the Temple case.
Doha and Warsaw
Authors: Bothe Michael
Published: August 2014

This article addresses the legal instruments of international climate change policy as they have been reshaped by the Doha conference in 2012, thereafter modestly developed by the Warsaw conference in 2013, trying to prepare a new generation of legal instruments to govern the fight against climate change in the future.
Climate Change, Oceans, Public Health, and the Law
Authors: Craig Robin Kundis
Published: August 2014

The oceans are bearing the brunt of climate change, with significant direct implications for the world’s weather and climate, navigation and maritime commerce, ocean water quality, marine biodiversity, sea-level rise, and storm surge. All of these impacts, in turn, raise public health concerns, albeit in a variety of different ways.
Loss and Damage
Authors: Burkett Maxine
Published: August 2014

This article explores so-called ‘loss and damage’ as well as the emerging legal infrastructure that seeks to address it. The article concludes by identifying some of the deep points of contention in the international discourse on loss and damage, particularly regarding compensation, and considerations for a successful resolution of the impasse that loss and damage has produced.
A Short History of Climate Adaptation Law in Australia
Authors: McDonald Jan
Published: August 2014

This article reviews Australia’s experience with adaptation law. While climate change is likely to implicate a number of regulatory domains, most adaptation reform has been in the field of spatial and land use planning. These reforms have been influenced by the institutional, political and fiscal context for spatial planning. Traditional planning tools such as zoning, set-backs, and building standards have been modified to address the exacerbating effects of climate change. A preference for market-based autonomous adaptation has seen increased interest in information instruments and limited experimentation with conditional approvals. Three themes characterise Australia’s brief history of adaptation and are likely to affect its development: the need for trade-offs between competing interests; the relationship between law-making and climate science; and the complexity and fragmentation of roles and responsibilities for adaptation. These challenges have pervaded environmental law for decades. The adaptation imperative is an important opportunity to rethink and reframe their resolution.
Seven new South American species of Regalana DeLong & Freytag (Cicadellidae: Iassinae: Gyponini)
Authors: DOMAHOVSKI ALEXANDRE CRUZ , GONÇALVES CLAYTON CORRÊA , TAKIYA DANIELA MAEDA , CAVICHIOLI RODNEY RAMIRO
Published: August 2014

Seven new species of the previously monotypic genus Regalana DeLong & Freytag, 1975, described from Panama, are described and illustrated. The new species are described from lowland and montane Amazonian/Andeanrain forests and Cerrado savanna of Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, and Peru. They can be distinguished from each other, as well as from the type-species, R. corona DeLong & Freytag, 1975, mainly by features of the aedeagus. A key to the now eight known species of Regalana is provided.
Tra Mogadiscio e Roma: Le mappe emotive di Igiaba Scego
Authors: Benini Stefania
Published: August 2014

Il gesto di tracciare una mappa è atto di ordinamento cognitivo e di organizzazione dell’immaginazione, ma è anche atto fondante dell’identità e del suo posizionamento in relazione ai luoghi. Il saggio rintraccia le dinamiche affettive del vissuto della scrittrice italo-somala Igiaba Scego nella struttura di un libro – La mia casa è dove sono (2010) – pensato come mappa di due luoghi in dialogo l’uno con l’altro, Roma e Mogadiscio, fra memoria individuale ed epos familiare, fra scrittura autobiografica e narrazione orale, fra genealogia femminile e soggettività nomade, fra ex impero ed ex colonia, in senso letterale e in senso esistenziale. Tuttavia, il progetto benjaminiano di una mappa del vissuto di Igiaba si accompagna alla sua ironia e alla sua saudade, a un’appartenenza italiana che va dalla letteratura al calcio, e a un’appartenenza somala che non cessa di ricordare al pubblico italiano i crimini coloniali dell’età fascista e l’ancor più criminale amnesia che è seguita loro. Memorie auratiche e memorie funebri di Mogadiscio traspaiono dietro le sagome di monumenti e luoghi mitici di Roma, dal teatro Sistina all’elefantino del Bernini, dalla stele di Axum alla stazione Termini, in una condizione che va dalla diaspora alla rivendicazione di un’identità ibrida e in movimento, dove la mappa è luogo ma è anche, soprattutto, corpo.
Currency Exposure and Hedging Practices among Indian Non-financial Firms
Authors: M. Praveen Bhagawan , Lukose P.J. Jijo
Published: August 2014

This article investigates the exchange-rate exposure of S&P CNX 500 non-financial constituents during 2006–2011. By using a standard two-factor market model, we measure the sensitivity of stock returns to changes in the exchange rate and find that 11 per cent of sample firms are significantly exposed to exchange-rate fluctuations. Further, we empirically evaluate the impact of hedging strategies adopted by our sample firms on the exchange-rate exposure. Our evidence suggests that the usage of foreign currency derivatives and foreign currency debt significantly reduces firms’ exchange-rate exposure. Smaller firms appear to have lower levels of exchange-rate exposure as compared to larger firms. A significant negative relationship between exchange-rate exposure and foreign currency derivatives supports the hypothesis that firms use foreign currency derivatives for hedging and not for speculative purposes. These results are found to be robust to alternative ways of measuring foreign currency exposure, exchange-rate indices and estimation methods.
Multifunctional polymer composites: Antibacterial, flame retardant, radar absorbing and self-healing
Authors: Atay Hüsnügül Yılmaz , Çelik Erdal
Published: August 2014

Multifunctional materials are able to respond to environmental stimuli by exhibiting particular changes in some of their properties. Desired properties can be combined to create a new item with composite materials due to their suitability for achieving multi-functionality with the best characteristics of different materials. In this study, the aim is to further the investigations of these types of materials and to advance the molecular understanding of novel multifunctional materials for applications across different scientific disciplines. Regarding the production of multifunctional materials, four types of materials were added to the polymer matrix to obtain the following properties: antibacterial, radar absorbing, self-healing, and flame retardant. In this research, an epoxy dye was converted to a multifunctional material which is capable of performing multiple functions. In order to reinforce an epoxy dye, Ag nanoparticles, huntite/hydromagnesite minerals, barium hexaferrite particles, and chitosan were utilized for multifunction property. By adding those materials to the polymer matrix with different loading level, different types of coated samples were obtained. Subsequently, the samples were characterized by antibacterial tests, flame-retardant tests, radar absorbing tests, and self-healing tests besides other characterization tests; FTIR, SEM, XRD, scratch, surface profilometer, etc. It was concluded that these materials exhibited a synergetic beneficial effects.
Dumbbell-shaped polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes/polystyrene nanocomposites: The influence of the bridge rigidity on the resistance to thermal degradation
Authors: Blanco Ignazio , Abate Lorenzo , Bottino Francesco A , Cicala Gianluca , Latteri Alberta
Published: August 2014

A comparative study concerning the resistance to the thermal degradation of polystyrene-based nanocomposites loaded with five novel aromatic dumbbell-shaped polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes was carried out in dynamic heating conditions. The fillers were formed by two identical silicon cages R7(SiO1.5)8 (R = isobutyl) linked to several aromatic bridges (Ar, Ar–Ar, Ar–O–Ar, Ar–S–Ar and Ar–SO2–Ar) where Ar = p-C6H4. Nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization of styrene in the presence of 5% of appropriate polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. The actual filler content in the products obtained, which was checked by 1H NMR spectroscopy, resulted in all cases slightly higher than that in starting mixtures. Glass transition temperature ( Tg) was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis were carried out in both flowing nitrogen and static air atmosphere, and temperatures at 5% mass loss ( T5%) were determined to investigate the resistance to the thermal degradation. The results obtained were compared with each other and discussed. The resistance to the thermal degradation showed modest increments in respect to neat polystyrene, differently from analogous nanocomposites containing as fillers aliphatic bridged polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes, as supported by scanning electron microscopy measurements which evidenced polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes auto-aggregation phenomena. This behaviour was interpreted as due to the rigidity of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane's aromatic bridges, which leads to low miscibility between filler and polymeric matrix.
‘Our Russian Passport’: First World War Monuments, Transnational Commemoration, and the Russian Emigration in Europe, 1918–39
Authors: Cohen Aaron J.
Published: August 2014

The existence of so many Russian war monuments outside Russia adds a new dimension to our understanding of the memorialization of the First World War, for such memorials were found not in Russia but in European countries where Russian emigres made lives for themselves after the 1917 Revolution. The construction of war monuments promised to be a good way to manage important aspects of the personal and public bereavement that Russian people faced in European diaspora in the interwar period. Emigres, moreover, also used war memorials as a means to signify their right to belong to a common European experience, and elites in countries like France, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia integrated Russia’s war, through the emigres, into national commemorative practices. This article shows that transnational values like international friendship, wartime alliance, and solidarity across national and ethnic boundaries could be important parts of the commemorative culture of the war in nation-states across interwar Europe, even in Germany. Without these transnational features of First World War remembrance, which both encouraged the emigres to build war monuments and to some degree impeded their appearance in the Soviet Union, there may not have been Russian monuments to the war anywhere at all.
Cold War Identities: Citizenship, Constitutional Reform, and International Law between East and West Germany, 1967–75
Authors: Gehrig Sebastian
Published: August 2014

Law became an important battleground in the Cold War between the two Germanys. In striving for international legitimacy, West Germany clung to ideas of legal continuity to the German Reich while the GDR bolstered the concept of an anti-fascist new beginning as its legal foundation. As national division continued, citizenship law became a tool for both German states in challenging the other Germany's authority over its respective citizenry. By the late 1960s, the GDR devised a citizenship law that effectively held East Germans hostage through the redefinition of citizenship. The GDR-citizenship law, moreover, repatriated former East Germans now living in the Federal Republic. The quest for legal supremacy thus profoundly affected ordinary Germans living east and west of the Iron Curtain. This article argues that the GDR government used citizenship and international law to its advantage in the attempt to pressure West Germany to recognize officially GDR sovereignty between 1967 and 1972. It demonstrates how the GDR forced the Federal Republic into action long before negotiations over Ostpolitik began in 1969. Citizenship law thus became a potent tool in the East German quest for international recognition and provoked intense responses in West German law-making.
Setting the Record Straight on “High-Yield” Strategies
Authors: Marzano Robert J.
Published: August 2014

Watching your work adopted by educators across the nation is flattering, but not if it's widely misinterpreted.
First Time in a Position of Authority
Authors: Jentz Barry
Published: August 2014

Beginning school administrators face a predictable set of professional challenges that are very personal. By addressing these challenges as opportunities for learning and growth, new administrators can become leaders.
Making Connections between Research and Practice
Authors: Porter Andrew , Mcmaken Jennifer
Published: August 2014

Researchers who ponder why so little research makes its way into practice should explore how and why certain research bridges the gap.
The “Guinea Pigs” after 60 Years
Authors: Flener Frederick O.
Published: August 2014

More than 70 years ago, the United States conducted a very successful large-scale experiment in progressive education. How did it affect students over the decades? And why has it seemed to be forgotten?
Equity and Mathematics: An Interview with Deborah Ball and Bob Moses
Authors: Richardson Joan
Published: August 2014

When Algebra Project creator Bob Moses and math researcher Deborah Ball talk, their conversation is less about the mechanics of math and more about issues of equity and education.
Teaching and Learning — It's Not Rocket Science!
Authors: Otterness John
Published: August 2014

Rocket science involves engineering parts that fit and systems that function exactly as expected. Education is far more complex and interesting than that.
Insufficient Questioning
Authors: Hannel Ivan
Published: August 2014

Effective questioning can keep students interested and improve their learning.
System of Supports for Students Leads to Other School Change
Authors: Wartowski David
Published: August 2014

Evanston Township High School embarked on an initiative to address struggling students and discovered a process for more widespread collaboration and school improvement.
Service Learning Widespread in Latin America
Authors: Tapia María Nieves
Published: August 2014

Working hand-in-hand for a common cause is characteristic of service learning in Latin America.
The Transformative Promise of “Greenfield” Schooling
Authors: Hess Frederick M.
Published: August 2014

Removing barriers to innovation is the first step in creating an environment in which innovation can flourish.
Teaching for Thinking Redux: A Curriculum Model for Classroom Practice
Authors: Wassermann Selma
Published: August 2014

Infusing thinking into instruction enables students to reach deeper meanings and not merely spit back information supplied by teachers.
Education Leadership in a Culture of Compliance
Authors: Abbate Fred J.
Published: August 2014

Education leaders face the same problems other leaders face. But they must be particularly careful not to let regulations get in the way of leadership.
The Buck Stops Here: Tying What Students Learn to What Educators Earn
Authors: Slotnik William J.
Published: August 2014

Performance-based compensation presents enormous potential as a catalyst for districtwide change. But that will happen only if we manage to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past.
Connecting Education Research to Practitioners — and Practitioners to Education Research
Authors: Dynarski Mark
Published: August 2014

Both researchers and practitioners are generating knowledge about what works in education. It's time to step up their collaboration for the good of all students and all schools.
The Declining Significance of Space and Geography
Authors: Henig Jeffrey R. , Hess Frederick M.
Published: August 2014

Educational technology offers both promise and challenge for a system that assumes learning takes place in a defined space and that has designed schools and districts according to geography.
Disrupting How and Where We Learn: An Interview with Clayton Christensen and Michael Horn
Authors: Richardson Joan
Published: August 2014

The authors of Disrupting Class believe education will be shaped by innovations that create opportunities to individualize learning for every child.
How Small Schools Grew up and Got Serious (But Didn't Lose Their Spunk)
Authors: Oxley Diana , Luers Katie Whitney
Published: August 2014

Leaders with a powerful vision of instruction were able to move ahead swiftly on reforms, generating the needed support in a variety of ways.
Two Roads Diverge for American Education
Authors: Camins Arthur H.
Published: August 2014

We can move ahead into a command-and-control era or forward toward more collaboration.
Fight the Stress of Urban Education with the ARTS
Authors: Creedon Dennis W.
Published: August 2014

The arts not only build our brains, they insulate them from our stressful urban environments.
Supporting the Growth of Effective Professional Learning Communities Districtwide
Authors: Thessin Rebecca A. , Starr Joshua P.
Published: August 2014

Teachers do not magically know how to work with colleagues; districts must support and lead that work if PLCs are to live up to their potential.
Strategic Measures of Teacher Performance
Authors: Milanowski Anthony
Published: August 2014

Moving from our current haphazard system of teacher evaluation to a more systematic approach to evaluation is a cohesive strategy for improving the performance of our schools.
Curriculum Theory and Practice: What's Your Style?
Authors: Miller Donna L.
Published: August 2014

When teachers understand their own “curriculum style,” they can make conscious decisions about incorporating other styles into their practice.
The Case against Teaching as Delivery of the Curriculum
Authors: Kim Youngjoo
Published: August 2014

Although many teachers see themselves as curriculum deliverers, this view dismisses the role of the individual learner and contributes to the continuation of social inequities.
Character as the Aim of Education
Authors: Shields David Light
Published: August 2014

We have too often equated excellence of education with the quantity of the content learned, rather than with the quality of character the person develops.
Improving Teaching and Learning When Budgets are Tight
Authors: Odden Allan , Picus Lawrence O.
Published: August 2014

Spending limited dollars strategically is key in an era when funding is tight and expectations are high.
Grading the Teachers' Teachers: Higher Education Comes under Scrutiny
Authors: Dillon Erin , Silva Elena
Published: August 2014

Schools of education are bracing for the most public review yet of how effectively they prepare teachers.
A Broader and Bolder Approach Uses Education to Break the Cycle of Poverty
Authors: Noguera Pedro A.
Published: August 2014

Making bold assertions that all children can achieve while doing nothing to address the challenges they face is neither fair nor sound public policy.
Closing School for the Holidays — Whose Holidays?
Authors: Purinton Ted , Gunther Vicki
Published: August 2014

Deciding how schools handle holidays is a simple yet powerful way to demonstrate the values on which this country was founded.
Librarians form a Bridge of Books to Advance Literacy
Authors: Hughes-Hassell Sandra , Rawson Casey H. , McCracken Lisa , Leonard Mary Gray , Cunningham Heather , Vance Katy J. , Boone Jennifer
Published: August 2014

A group of school librarians enlisted in an effort to raise literacy among black males by reaching out to them with books and programs aligned with their interests and culture.
Socrates and the Madness of Method
Authors: Schneider Jack
Published: August 2014

From Socratic to sarcastic, a diversity of teaching methods claim a relationship to the ancient Greek scholar. But is there really a connection?
Perfecting practice
Authors: Bambrick-Santoyo Paul
Published: August 2014

Instructional leadership requires the principal to work closely with teachers to practice the skills they need to improve their work.
Before You Flip, Consider This
Authors: Bergmann Jonathan , Sams Aaron
Published: August 2014

Leaders of the flipped classroom movement say each teacher will have a different experience, but securing school leadership support, time, and IT resources will be important to every effort.
What has President Obama done?
Authors: Jennings Jack
Published: August 2014

Personal experiences and political restraint have influenced Obama's record in education. A second term would continue to focus on expanding opportunities for access to high-quality education.
How the Football Coach can Help Principals and Teachers Score
Authors: Cross Neal
Published: August 2014

Classroom teachers could learn a lot from the football coach — specifically, how to use cutting-edge video software to improve teaching techniques.
ED's legal arm bulks up
Authors: Darden Edwin C.
Published: August 2014

The already active Office of Civil Rights could accelerate in a second Obama term but likely would curtail its actions in a Romney presidency.
Using VAM in High-Stakes Employment Decisions
Authors: Paige Mark
Published: August 2014

As states increasingly apply value-added modeling to teacher evaluations, including termination, districts should proceed with caution.
Beyond the Bubble in History/Social Studies Assessments
Authors: Breakstone Joel , Smith Mark , Wineburg Sam
Published: August 2014

To prepare students for assessments tied to the Common Core, teachers need tools and tests that help students analyze primary and secondary sources and develop written historical arguments.
Equity Requires Purposeful Action
Authors: Darden Edwin C.
Published: August 2014

Whether mandating fees or granting admission to special programs, schools must treat all students the same.
Woodrow Wilson Teaching Fellowship: Bring Student Teaching into the 21st Century
Authors: Fraser James W. , Watson Audra
Published: August 2014

Tomorrow's teachers will need skills, experiences, and mentors in ways they didn't in the past if we are to close wide learning gaps among groups of children.
Enhancing Classroom Conversation for all Students
Authors: Goldsmith William
Published: August 2014

Strategies that foster discussion among ELL students can help them learn language while teaching critical skills.
A New Way to Help New Teachers
Authors: Jensen Ben
Published: August 2014

Too often, we look at the mechanics of teaching in trying to improve teaching skills. Instead, we should have a nearly singular focus on improving learning, including professional learning.
The Boredom of Summertime
Authors: Swain Walker
Published: August 2014

Low-income children need more intellectually stimulating options in the summer when learning wanes and sometimes violence flares.
Leading by Learning
Authors: Brookhart Susan M. , Moss Connie M.
Published: August 2014

When principals immerse themselves in learning about formative assessments and how students learn, they become better instructional leaders for teachers.
A Book for Two
Authors: Keer Hilde Van , Vanderlinde Ruben
Published: August 2014

Explicitly taught reading comprehension strategies paired with peer tutoring can boost reading skills for elementary school students.
Do as They Say: It's the Law
Authors: Darden Edwin C.
Published: August 2014

By their nature, schools are places of rampant intellectual discourse. But school employees rarely have leeway to refuse direct or implied orders from higher-ups.
Which way do we go?
Authors: Bushaw William J. , Lopez Shane J.
Published: August 2014

American policy makers are forging ahead with education initiatives, but they may be leaving Americans behind and out of the loop.
Learn More Show What You Know
Authors: Bergin David , Bergin Christi Crosby , Dover Teresa Van , Murphy Bridget
Published: August 2014

Can the prospect of public performance motivate student learning? One school found that it did.
Computer Programming Goes Back to School
Authors: Kafai Yasmin B. , Burke Quinn
Published: August 2014

Learning programming introduces students to solving problems, designing applications, and making connections online.
We Need Gates
Authors: Spencer John T.
Published: August 2014

Educational contexts open to and self-directed by children promote learning, but traditional direct instruction also is appropriate in many areas. Gates, not walls, are what we need.
Leadership Lessons for French Educators
Authors: Supovitz Jonathan A.
Published: August 2014

A recent international exchange between American school leaders and French principals, researchers, and policy makers explored the meaning and application of transformational leadership across Franco-American contexts.
Effort Determines Success at Roxbury Prep
Authors: Seider Scott
Published: August 2014

The school has designed a series of deliberate experiences to develop students into self-disciplined individuals who persevere in pursuit of their goals.
Being Careful about Character
Authors: Rose Mike
Published: August 2014

Emphasizing the so-called soft skills has troubling implications for the education of low-income children.
Grading School Report Cards
Authors: Jacobsen Rebecca , Saultz Andrew , Snyder Jeffrey W.
Published: August 2014

School report cards can be useful to those weighing schools. But if designed poorly, they can damage perceptions of school quality
Food Allergies Inject Legal Risk
Authors: Darden Edwin C.
Published: August 2014

The law is mostly on the side of students who have food allergies, compelling schools and districts to keep them safe, but the requirements are not unlimited.
Harnessing the Power of Teacher Networks
Authors: Farley-Ripple Elizabeth N. , Buttram Joan L.
Published: August 2014

Understanding relationships within a school can help a principal leverage support for new ideas.
Uncovering Innovations that are Invisible in Plain Sight
Authors: Singhal Arvind
Published: August 2014

Positive deviants are individuals who face the same challenges as others and have the same resources but still manage to find ways to effectively address problems.
A Death at School: What School Leaders Should Do
Authors: Garran Christopher
Published: August 2014

A former principal who led his school through the emotional and practical challenges arising from the passing of students and staff shares his insights.
Getting to Know You
Authors: Conklin Kathleen , Olah Wendy
Published: August 2014

A unique high school English class links classroom learning with real-life applications and enables students to learn more about others with disabilities and about themselves.
Rekindle the Love of Reading
Authors: Isero Mark
Published: August 2014

Giving students Kindles reinvigorates young readers and improves their reading achievement.
Personalized Learning for Every Student Every Day
Authors: Childress Stacey , Benson Scott
Published: August 2014

The best hope for accelerating student achievement is by using a range of pedagogical and technological innovations that deliver personalized learning to each student.
Stop the Pay, Stop the Play
Authors: Gardiner Steve
Published: August 2014

Offering rewards seems like it should yield good results, but the opposite is often more likely the case.
Measuring up
Authors: Hart Holly , Healey Kaleen , Sporte Susan E.
Published: August 2014

Moving teacher evaluation systems from measuring teachers' performance to improving their practice requires much greater attention to communication and support.
Learning outside the Classroom
Authors: Brantley Ariel
Published: August 2014

Academics aren't the only way to learn at school.
The Editor’s Note
Authors: Richardson Joan
Published: August 2014

The idea of a one-year residency for newly minted teachers is a good one that we should try to adopt broadly. Sending a teacher into a classroom after just a few weeks of full-time student teaching is tantamount to supporting malpractice. There is a link between the quality of teaching and the quality of student learning, and so we must closely examine all of our practices to ensure that we are doing everything we can to ensure a high quality of teaching in every classroom.
HIGHLIGHTED & UNDERLINED
Authors: Richardson Joan
Published: August 2014

OECD’s latest TALIS survey finds most teachers around the world enjoy their job despite feeling unsupported and unrecognized in schools and undervalued by society at large. Far fewer New York City teachers were granted tenure following changes in New York City’s tenure policy in 2009, says a new study. Another study finds that poor academic performance in middle school heavily disadvantages students who aspire to get a college degree.
Support the Common Core with the right instructional materials
Authors: Leifer Rachel , Udall Denis
Published: August 2014

Strong instructional materials are crucial to realizing the promise of the Common Core State Standards. Research suggests that the choice of instructional materials can have an impact as large as or larger than the impact of teacher quality. Unfortunately, many popular textbooks are not aligned to the new standards, leaving educators scrambling. However, tools exist to help educators spot quality and encourage publishers to provide it. States like Louisiana and New York have incorporated these tools into their efforts to develop and identify materials, with several lessons for educators and leaders looking to do the same.
Technology alone won’t transform teacher to facilitator
Authors: Martinez Monica , McGrath Dennis
Published: August 2014

Technology alone won’t be enough to improve teaching and learning to where it needs to be for 21st century skills. Where it is being done successfully, teachers collectively share a vision of promoting deeper learning in all their students, and have collaboratively redesigned the role of the teacher to that of facilitator who uses technology as a tool in their educational aims. As facilitators, teachers become learning strategists as they constantly plan ways to enable students to master complex content knowledge and develop their critical thinking, problem solving, communication, and collaboration skills.
Entry Mode Strategies into the Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) Markets
Authors: Ulrich Anna Marie Dyhr , Hollensen Svend , Boyd Britta
Published: August 2014

This article explores the relevance of different entry modes for Danish exporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Internal and external resources that influence the choice of entry modes into the Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) markets are investigated from both a resource-based view (RBV) and a market-based view (MBV). The survey conducted by the University of Southern Denmark in 2012 is based on a sample of 177 Danish SMEs. Our results of this study show that Danish companies entering the BRIC markets mainly prefer low commitment modes. The more traditional internal factors (control, flexibility and risk) were evaluated less important than personnel and financial resources for the BRIC markets. The most important external factor was market potential whereas the trade barriers, cultural distance as well as the political and economical risk are viewed as main obstacles when internationalizing into distant markets. Managers can compensate the loss of control when choosing the lower commitment modes into distant markets by forming business networks and thereby gaining local knowledge.
Debate on De-industrialization Revisited: The Process of Decline of Traditional Flexible Manufacturing
Authors: Seth Vijay K.
Published: August 2014

In the present article, an attempt has been made to revisit the debate on de-industrialization. The premise, which has been used by the author, is based on an historical fact regarding the organizational structure of production and distribution of handicrafts. The organization of production, which had provided competitive advantage to the Indian manufacturing to become one of the largest suppliers of manufactured goods, had emerged as a consequence of nexus between merchants and craftsmen. The organizational structure that emerged due to their nexus has been defined here as ‘Traditional Flexible Manufacturing’. It has been argued in this article that as long as the nexus between merchants and craftsmen continued to exist, Indian manufacturing had capability to produce abundant quantity of quality handicrafts to satisfy the demands of mass markets. The moment their nexus was broken Indian manufacturing experienced de-industrialization. The nexus, which enjoyed its peak during the Mughal Empire, was broken by the political ascendency of the East Indian Company.
A Team-Based Approach to Improving Core Instructional Reading Practices Within Response to Intervention
Authors: Harlacher Jason E. , Potter Jon B. , Weber Jill M.
Published: August 2014

Core instruction is an important part of an effective response to intervention (RTI) model. To implement RTI effectively, school teams should regularly examine the effectiveness of their core instruction to determine if at least 80% of students meet the proficiency standard with core support alone. However, some educators may not have the skills necessary to hold a meeting that focuses exclusively on core instruction. To provide educators with a format to lead such a meeting, the authors describe a grade-level team meeting in which the purpose is to use data to analyze the effectiveness of core instruction in reading. A sample agenda and detailed case example are provided.
Ceftriaxone-Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Neuman Gal , Boodhan Sabrina , Wurman Ilana , Koren Gideon , Bitnun Ari , Kirby-Allen Melanie , Ito Shinya
Published: August 2014

Objectives: To describe a case of ceftriaxone-induced immune hemolytic anemia (CIIHA) in a 6 year-old boy with sickle cell disease (SCD) and perform a systematic literature review to delineate the clinical and laboratory features of this condition. Data Sources: EMBASE (1947-January 2014), MEDLINE (1946-January 2014), and databases from the US Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada were searched, using anemia, hemolytic anemia, hemolysis, and ceftriaxone as search terms. Additional references were identified from a review of literature citations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All case reports and observational studies describing clinical and laboratory features of CIIHA were included. Data Synthesis: A total of 37 eligible reports of CIIHA were identified, including our index case, and 70% were children. Mortality was 30% in all age groups and 64% in children. The majority of patients had underlying conditions (70%), of which SCD was most commonly reported. Previous ceftriaxone exposure was reported in 65%. Common features included elevated lactate dehydrogenase (70%); early, new-onset hemoglobinuria (59%); acute renal failure (46%); positive direct antibody testing (70%); and anticeftriaxone antibodies (68%). Also, 32% had a preceding, unrecognized, hemolytic episode associated with ceftriaxone. Summary: Given the common use of ceftriaxone worldwide, knowledge of CIIHA, which often goes undiagnosed until late in the course, is essential for clinicians. Based on the findings of this review, we suggest obtaining past history of ceftriaxone exposures and screening for new-onset hemoglobinuria during ceftriaxone therapy in selected patients as potential methods for early diagnosis of this rare but potentially fatal condition.
From Unwanted to So-Called Expertise
Authors: Jaspers Jürgen
Published: August 2014

This article discusses how expertise over language is reconfigured in mainstream media. Based on two different cases, it describes how journalists’ and sociolinguists’ conflicting interests can lead to unwanted attributions of expertise or to the staging of sociolinguists as so-called experts, useful as a foil for redefining what is viewed as more reasonable knowledge over language. Rather than proposing that such altercations illustrate the plight of honest scientists, however, I will argue that they offer the necessary building blocks for developing a better understanding of the transactions between experts and media in late-modernity.
Ideal orientations of BCC crystals under equibiaxial tension loading
Authors: Khajeh Salehani Mohsen , Hajian Masoud , Assempour Ahmad
Published: August 2014

Ideal orientations are one of the material characteristics of the applied mode of deformation. The transfer of material texture to orientations near specific ideal orientations can improve the mechanical properties of the material. In this paper, we focus on the determination of ideal orientations of BCC crystals under the equibiaxial tension mode of deformation. To do this, an Euler space scanning method based on a crystal plasticity approach is presented. In this method some initial orientations which are evenly spaced in the Euler space are selected and their evolutions into the ideal orientations are tracked. The loading is applied incrementally until all of the lattice spin components become permanently zero. The rate sensitive crystal plasticity model with power law hardening is employed and the resulting nonlinear system of equations is solved by the modified Newton–Raphson method. In order to verify the simulation results, the ideal orientations of rolling textures are calculated. A comparison of the obtained results with the existing experimental data demonstrates that all of the reported ideal orientations are satisfactorily predicted. Afterward, preferred orientations for equibiaxial tension mode of deformation which have not been reported previously in the literature are calculated. This analysis resulted in eight fibers EF1–EF8 together with a plane of ideal orientations for equibiaxial tension loading. The effects of symmetry of the crystal structure and loading on the obtained ideal orientations are finally discussed.
Scroungers and Superhumans: Images of Disability from the Summer of 2012: A Visual Inquiry
Authors: Crow Liz
Published: August 2014

Through the summer of 2012, two opposing sets of images dominated the British press. Welfare benefits reform met the Paralympics, the former casting disabled people as scroungers, the latter as superhumans. Seemingly independent yet intertwined, the images create a collective picture in the mind of what it is to be disabled. This collective imagining shapes and reinforces government policy on austerity cuts and benefits reform, with profound influence upon the everyday lives of disabled people. Caught between the two conflicting image sets, disabled people’s real lives are rendered invisible, even as they feel the full force of the images. This visual inquiry examines how the dominance of such images might practically be contested by creating counter images which reveal a very different and more truthful imagining of what it might be to be disabled.
A zero-inflated overdispersed hierarchical Poisson model
Authors: Kassahun Wondwosen , Neyens Thomas , Faes Christel , Molenberghs Geert , Verbeke Geert
Published: August 2014

Count data are most commonly modeled using the Poisson model, or by one of its many extensions. Such extensions are needed for a variety of reasons: (1) a hierarchical structure in the data, e.g., due to clustering, the collection of repeated measurements of the outcome, etc.; (2) the occurrence of overdispersion (or underdispersion), meaning that the variability encountered in the data is not equal to the mean, as prescribed by the Poisson distribution; and (3) the occurrence of extra zeros beyond what a Poisson model allows. The first issue is often accommodated through the inclusion of random subject-specific effects. Though not always, one conventionally assumes such random effects to be normally distributed. Overdispersion is often dealt with through a model developed for this purpose, such as, for example, the negative-binomial model for count data. This can be conceived through a random Poisson parameter. Excess zeros are regularly accounted for using so-called zero-inflated models, which combine either a Poisson or negative-binomial model with an atom at zero. The novelty of this article is that it combines all these features. The work builds upon the modelling framework defined by Molenberghs et al. ( 2010 ) in which clustering and overdispersion are accommodated for through two separate sets of random effects in a generalized linear model.
Conducting Cognitive Exercises for Early Dementia With the Use of Apps on iPads
Authors: Kong Anthony Pak-Hin
Published: August 2014

A list of iTunes apps was compiled for usage with early stage or mild dementia participants. The method in choosing these apps and determining salient features of the most successful apps was reported. The results will advance the knowledge base on innovative use of smart technology in clinical settings.
Community health worker programs in India: a rights-based review
Authors: Bhatia Kavita
Published: August 2014

This article presents a historical review of national community health worker (CHW) programs in India using a gender- and rights-based lens. The aim is to derive relevant policy implications to stem attrition and enable sustenance of large-scale CHW programs. For the literature review, relevant government policies, minutes of meetings, reports, newspaper articles and statistics were accessed through official websites and a hand search was conducted for studies on the rights-based aspects of large-scale CHW programs. The analysis shows that the CHWs in three successive Indian national CHW programs have consistently asked for reforms in their service conditions, including increased remuneration. Despite an evolution in stakeholder perspectives regarding the rights of CHWs, service reforms are slow. Performance-based payments do not provide the financial security expected by CHWs as demonstrated in the recent Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) program. In most countries, CHWs, who are largely women, have never been integrated into the established, salaried team of health system workers. The two hallmark characteristics of CHWs, namely, their volunteer status and the flexibility of their tasks and timings, impede their rights. The consequences of initiating or neglecting standardization should be considered by all countries with large-scale CHW programs like the ASHA program.
Dysfunctional Activation of the Cerebellum in Schizophrenia
Authors: Bernard Jessica A. , Mittal Vijay A.
Published: August 2014

The cognitive dysmetria framework postulates that the deficits seen in schizophrenia are due to underlying cerebello-thalamo-cortical dysfunction. The cerebellum is thought to be crucial in the formation of internal models for both motor and cognitive behaviors. In healthy individuals there is a functional topography within the cerebellum. Alterations in the functional topography and activation of the cerebellum in schizophrenia patients may be indicative of altered internal models, providing support for this framework. Using state-of-the-art neuroimaging meta-analysis, we investigated cerebellar activation across a variety of task domains affected in schizophrenia and in comparison to healthy controls. Our results indicate an altered functional topography in patients. This was especially apparent for emotion and working memory tasks, and may be related to deficits in these domains. Results suggest that an altered cerebellar functional topography in schizophrenia may be contributing to the many deficits associated with the disease, perhaps because of dysfunctional internal models.
Separation and conflict: Syriac Jacobites and Syriac Catholics in Mardin in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
Authors: Özcoşar Ibrahim
Published: August 2014

From the sixteenth century onwards, the Syriac Jacobites living in the Ottoman empire were confronted by the propaganda of Catholic missionaries. As a result of this propaganda, a Syriac Catholic patriarchate was established in the late eighteenth century, and the Syriac community was divided into two. A merciless conflict ensued between Orthodox Syriacs, aligned with the main Church, and the Catholic Syriacs. While this conflict occurred in all places where Syriacs lived, it was most intense in the city of Mardin, the location of the patriarchal centre of Syriac Jacobites. The Jacobites struggled to prevent both the Catholicization of their community, and also the Catholic takeover of their churches, monasteries and cemeteries. At various times and for various reasons, the Ottoman empire and certain European states felt the need to intervene in this conflict. Continuing almost uninterrupted throughout the nineteenth century, this conflict adversely affected the Syriacs, and also precipitated their modernization.
Impact of early molecular response in children with chronic myeloid leukemia treated in the French Glivec phase 4 study
Authors: Millot Frédéric , Guilhot Joelle , Baruchel André , Petit Arnaud , Bertrand Yves , Mazingue Françoise , Lutz Patrick , Vérité Cecile , Berthou Christian , Galambrun Claire , Sirvent Nicolas , Yakouben Karima , Schmitt Claudine , Gandemer Virginie , Reguerre Yves , Couillault Gérard , Mechinaud Françoise , Cayuela Jean-Michel
Published: August 2014

Key Points

Early molecular response at 3 months can predict outcome in children treated with imatinib for CML. Children with CML may be less likely to achieve an early molecular response to imatinib than adults with CML.
Potentiating antilymphoma efficacy of chemotherapy using a liposome for integration of CD20 targeting, ultra-violet irradiation polymerizing, and controlled drug delivery
Authors: Wu Cong , Li Huafei , Zhao He , Zhang Weiwei , Chen Yan , Yue Zhanyi , Lu Qiong , Wan Yuxiang , Tian Xiaoyu , Deng Anmei
Published: August 2014

Unlike most malignancies, chemotherapy but not surgery plays the most important role in treating non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Currently, liposomes have been widely used to encapsulate chemotherapeutic drugs in treating solid tumors. However, higher in vivo stability owns a much more important position for excellent antitumor efficacy in treating hematological malignancies. In this study, we finely fabricated a rituximab Fab fragment-decorated liposome based on 1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DC8,9PC), which can form intermolecular cross-linking through the diacetylenic group by ultra-violet (UV) irradiation. Our experimental results demonstrated that after the UV irradiation, the liposomes exhibit better serum stability and slower drug release with a decreased mean diameter of approximately 285 nm. The cellular uptake of adriamycin (ADR) by this Fab-navigated liposome was about four times of free drugs. Cytotoxicity assays against CD20+ lymphoma cells showed that the half maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ADR-loaded immunoliposome was only one fourth of free ADR at the same condition. In vivo studies were evaluated in lymphoma-bearing SCID mice. With the high serum stability, finely regulated structure, active targeting strategy via antigen-antibody reaction and passive targeting strategy via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, our liposome exhibits durable and potent antitumor activities both in the disseminated and localized human NHL xeno-transplant models.