bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduction in Wound Complications After Total Ankle Arthroplasty Using a Compression Wrap Protocol
Authors: Schipper Oliver N. , Hsu Andrew R. , Haddad Steven L.
Published: August 2015

Background:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical differences in wound complications after total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) between a cohort of patients that received a compression wrap protocol and a historical control group treated with cast immobilization.

Methods:

Patient charts and postoperative wound pictures were reviewed for 42 patients who underwent a compression wrap protocol and 50 patients who underwent circumferential casting after primary TAA from 2008 to 2013. A blinded reviewer graded each wound using a novel postoperative wound classification system, and recorded whether the wound was completely healed by or after 3 months. A second blinded review was performed to determine intraobserver reliability. Mean patient age was 55 years (range, 24-80) and all patients had at least 6-month follow-up.

Results:

There were significantly more total wound complications ( P = .02) and mild wound complications ( P = .02) in the casted group compared to the compression wrap group. There were no significant differences in the number of moderate and severe complications between each group. A significantly higher proportion of TAA incisions took longer than 3 months to heal in the casted group ( P = .02).

Conclusions:

Based on our clinical experience with postoperative wound care after TAA, use of a compression wrap protocol was safe and effective at reducing wound-related complications, and well tolerated by patients. Further prospective, randomized clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the utility and cost-effectiveness of a compression wrap protocol after TAA.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Mental Health Help Seeking Among Traumatized Individuals
Authors: van den Berk-Clark Carissa , Patterson Silver Wolf David
Published: August 2015

Objective:

Prior research has suggested that competing neurobehavioral decision-making processes might affect health outcomes among traumatized populations. Regulatory imbalances to impulsive and executive decision systems are affected by high levels of stress, including stress resulting from traumatic events. Such regulatory imbalances have been associated with addictive behaviors. However, it is not well known whether addictive behavior increases or decreases the likelihood of utilization of behavioral health services among traumatized populations. The aim of this study is to systematically review mental health utilization studies targeting traumatized populations to determine the direction of association between substance use and behavioral health utilization.

Method:

Databases of literature were searched in a systematic manner, and 37 relevant studies were recovered and analyzed.

Findings:

Of the 37 relevant studies that included addictive behaviors as a predictor of utilization, 16 showed a positive significant relationship and 6 showed a negative significant relationship. Studies showing a negative significant relationship used younger samples with more recent trauma exposure.

Conclusion:

Studies have shown that for the most part, substance abuse increases the likelihood of utilization, except among younger populations with more recent trauma. Longitudinal studies that access how utilization evolves over time among traumatized populations and interacts with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse severity are necessary to better understand how decision-making processes of traumatized individuals may increase the likelihood of chronic PTSD.
Aneurysms of the foot arteries
Authors: Alhaizaey Abdullah , Hussain Mohamad A , Aljabri Badr , Al-Omran Mohammed
Published: August 2015

Aneurysms of the foot arteries are uncommon but can lead to devastating complications such as acute foot ischemia or arterial rupture if left untreated. In this case series, we present four cases of aneurysms of the foot: one true dorsalis pedis artery aneurysm and three cases of post-traumatic plantar artery pseudoaneurysms with arteriovenous fistulas. All four patients were successfully managed with surgical excision of the aneurysm with or without arteriovenous fistulas ligation. Our case series is followed by discussion on the etiology, clinical presentation and management strategy of patients with aneurysms of the foot arteries.
Social marketing research trends in consumer psychology
Authors: Pechmann Cornelia (Connie)
Published: August 2015

This article discusses structural changes that have encouraged research in social marketing, including the Transformative Consumer Research movement. It also discusses substantive topics that are studied in social marketing including consumption and well-being, combatting threats to self, improving financial decision-making, and regulating the advertising of tobacco and other adult products. Recent methodological innovations in social marketing are identified, including the use of field studies that measure actual consumer behavior and that complement more controlled lab studies. Finally suggestions for junior social marketing scholars are provided, such as targeting journals that appreciate their specific research approach.
Expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 is associated with poor overall survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kiyasu Junichi , Miyoshi Hiroaki , Hirata Akie , Arakawa Fumiko , Ichikawa Ayako , Niino Daisuke , Sugita Yasuo , Yufu Yuji , Choi Ilseung , Abe Yasunobu , Uike Naokuni , Nagafuji Koji , Okamura Takashi , Akashi Koichi , Takayanagi Ryoichi , Shiratsuchi Motoaki , Ohshima Koichi
Published: August 2015

Key Points

PD-L1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in DLBCL. The double-staining technique is a useful method for identifying and distinguishing PD-L1+ DLBCL.
Beamforming design with proactive interference cancelation in MISO interference channels
Authors: Li Yang , Tian Yafei , Yang Chenyang
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we design coordinated beamforming at base stations (BSs) to facilitate interference cancelation at users in interference networks, where each BS is equipped with multiple antennas and each user is with a single antenna. By assuming that each user can select the best decoding strategy to mitigate the interference, either canceling the interference after decoding when it is strong or treating it as noise when it is weak, we optimize the beamforming vectors that maximize the sum rate for the networks under different interference scenarios and find the solutions of beamforming with closed-form expressions. The inherent design principles are then analyzed, and the performance gain over passive interference cancelation is demonstrated through simulations in heterogeneous cellular networks.
High quality draft genome sequence of Corynebacterium ulceribovis type strain IMMIB-L1395T (DSM 45146T)
Authors: Yassin Atteyet F. , Lapidus Alla , Han James , Reddy T.B.K. , Huntemann Marcel , Pati Amrita , Ivanova Natalia , Markowitz Victor , Woyke Tanja , Klenk Hans-Peter , Kyrpides Nikos C.
Published: August 2015

Corynebacterium ulceribovis strain IMMIB L-1395T (= DSM 45146T) is an aerobic to facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile rod-shaped bacterium that was isolated from the skin of the udder of a cow, in Schleswig Holstein, Germany. The cell wall of C. ulceribovis contains corynemycolic acids. The cellular fatty acids are those described for the genus Corynebacterium, but tuberculostearic acid is not present. Here we describe the features of C. ulceribovis strain IMMIB L-1395T, together with genome sequence information and its annotation. The 2,300,451 bp long genome containing 2,104 protein-coding genes and 54 RNA-encoding genes and is part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Type Strains, Phase I: the one thousand microbial genomes (KMG) project.
High quality draft genome sequence of Bacteroides barnesiae type strain BL2T (DSM 18169T) from chicken caecum
Authors: Sakamoto Mitsuo , Lapidus Alla L. , Han James , Trong Stephan , Haynes Matthew , Reddy T. B. K. , Mikhailova Natalia , Huntemann Marcel , Pati Amrita , Ivanova Natalia N. , Pukall Rüdiger , Markowitz Victor M. , Woyke Tanja , Klenk Hans-Peter , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Ohkuma Moriya
Published: August 2015

Bacteroides barnesiae Lan et al. 2006 is a species of the genus Bacteroides, which belongs to the family Bacteroidaceae. Strain BL2T is of interest because it was isolated from the gut of a chicken and the growing awareness that the anaerobic microbiota of the caecum is of benefit for the host and may impact poultry farming. The 3,621,509 bp long genome with its 3,059 protein-coding and 97 RNA genes is a part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Type Strains, Phase I: the one thousand microbial genomes (KMG) project.
Are DSM and logic not on good terms?
Authors: Dome Peter , Demeter Zoltan , Gonda Xenia , Rihmer Zoltan
Published: August 2015

We would like to draw attention to the fact that the recently published DSM-5 (and also its predecessor, DSM-IV) contains annoying errors that are mainly logical in nature. These mistakes are undoubtedly a result of inadvertence, rather than either conceptual (professional) disagreements between authors/editors or shortage of scientific data for appropriate circumscription of diagnostic categories. The good news is that since these errors are mainly logical ones, they can be recognised and repaired.
Duration of psychotherapy has little association with outcome
Authors: King Michael
Published: August 2015

Does more psychotherapy deliver better outcomes? The answer to this question has important implications for patients' lives and costs to society. This issue of the BJPsych contains an analysis of data from a large clinical cohort receiving courses of talking therapy of up to 40 sessions in length. Duration of therapy was inversely correlated with outcome. Should we be surprised?
Romantic suicide
Authors: Pitman Alexandra
Published: August 2015

The concept of ‘romantic suicide’ emerged in the 1770s following the suicide of the teenage English poet Thomas Chatterton, memorialised in Goethe's 1774 novel in the character of young Werther. Eighteenth-century authors embellished these men as romantic outcasts, triumphing over death through fearless individualism to achieve immortality in heaven. Such myths still persist today, exemplified in journalists' responses to the suicides of artists such as Kitaj, Kirchner, Rothko and Van Gogh. Glorifying their deaths by wreathing them in martyrdom is a dangerous practice. Awareness of the damage wreaked by propagation of these myths is the starting point for challenging them.
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality After Chemotherapy or Surgery for Testicular Nonseminoma: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Fung Chunkit , Fossa Sophie D. , Milano Michael T. , Sahasrabudhe Deepak M. , Peterson Derick R. , Travis Lois B.
Published: August 2015

Purpose

Increased risks of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with testicular cancer (TC) given chemotherapy in European studies were largely restricted to long-term survivors and included patients from the 1960s. Few population-based investigations have quantified CVD mortality during, shortly after, and for two decades after TC diagnosis in the era of cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Patients and Methods

Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for CVD and absolute excess risks (AERs; number of excess deaths per 10,000 person-years) were calculated for 15,006 patients with testicular nonseminoma reported to the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (1980 to 2010) who initially received chemotherapy (n = 6,909) or surgery (n = 8,097) without radiotherapy and accrued 60,065 and 81,227 person-years of follow-up, respectively. Multivariable modeling evaluated effects of age, treatment, extent of disease, and other factors on CVD mortality.

Results

Significantly increased CVD mortality occurred after chemotherapy (SMR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.78; n = 54) but not surgery (SMR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.07; n = 50). Significant excess deaths after chemotherapy were restricted to the first year after TC diagnosis (SMR, 5.31; AER, 13.90; n = 11) and included cerebrovascular disease (SMR, 21.72; AER, 7.43; n = 5) and heart disease (SMR, 3.45; AER, 6.64; n = 6). In multivariable analyses, increased CVD mortality after chemotherapy was confined to the first year after TC diagnosis (hazard ratio, 4.86; 95% CI, 1.25 to 32.08); distant disease (P < .05) and older age at diagnosis (P < .01) were independent risk factors.

Conclusion

This is the first population-based study, to our knowledge, to quantify short- and long-term CVD mortality after TC diagnosis. The increased short-term risk of CVD deaths should be further explored in analytic studies that enumerate incident events and can serve to develop comprehensive evidence-based approaches for risk stratification and application of preventive and interventional efforts.
Long-Term Course of Patients With Stage IA Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Report From the German Hodgkin Study Group
Authors: Eichenauer Dennis A. , Plütschow Annette , Fuchs Michael , von Tresckow Bastian , Böll Boris , Behringer Karolin , Diehl Volker , Eich Hans Theodor , Borchmann Peter , Engert Andreas
Published: August 2015

Purpose

The optimal treatment of stage IA nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is not well defined. Thus, we performed an analysis using the database of the German Hodgkin Study Group.

Patients and Methods

The long-term outcome of 256 patients with stage IA NLPHL was evaluated. Patients had received combined-modality treatment (CMT; n = 72), extended-field radiotherapy (EF-RT; n = 49), involved-field radiotherapy (IF-RT; n = 108), or four weekly standard doses of rituximab (n = 27) within German Hodgkin Study Group clinical trial protocols between 1988 and 2009.

Results

The median age at NLPHL diagnosis was 39 years (range, 16 to 75 years). Most patients were male (76%). The whole patient group had a median follow-up of 91 months (CMT: 95 months; EF-RT: 110 months; IF-RT: 87 months; rituximab: 49 months). At 8 years, progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 88.5% and 98.6% for CMT, 84.3% and 95.7% for EF-RT, and 91.9% and 99.0% for IF-RT, respectively. Patients treated with rituximab had 4-year progression-free and overall survival rates of 81.0% and 100%, respectively. A second malignancy during the course of follow-up was diagnosed in 17 (6.6%) of 256 patients. A total of 12 deaths occurred. However, only one patient died from NLPHL.

Conclusion

Tumor control in this analysis was equivalent with CMT, EF-RT, and IF-RT. Therefore, IF-RT, which is associated with the lowest risk for the development of toxic effects, should be considered as standard of care for patients with stage IA NLPHL. Rituximab alone is associated with an increased risk of relapse in this patient population.
Limited Resection Versus Lobectomy for Older Patients With Early-Stage Lung Cancer: Impact of Histology
Authors: Veluswamy Rajwanth R. , Ezer Nicole , Mhango Grace , Goodman Emily , Bonomi Marcelo , Neugut Alfred I. , Swanson Scott , Powell Charles A. , Beasley Mary B. , Wisnivesky Juan P.
Published: August 2015

Purpose

Limited resection has been increasingly used in older patients with stage IA lung cancer. However, the equivalency of limited resection versus lobectomy according to histology is unknown.

Methods

We identified patients older than 65 years with stage IA invasive adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma ≤ 2 cm who were treated with limited resection (wedge or segmentectomy) or lobectomy in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare database. We estimated propensity scores that predicted the use of limited resection and compared survival of patients treated with limited resection versus lobectomy. Treatments were considered equivalent if the upper 95th percentile of the hazard ratio (HR) for limited resection was ≤ 1.25.

Results

Overall, 27% of 2,008 patients with adenocarcinoma and 32% of 1,139 patients with squamous cell carcinoma underwent limited resection. Survival analyses, adjusted for propensity score by using inverse probability weighting, showed that limited resection was not equivalent to lobectomy in patients with adenocarcinoma (HR, 1.21; upper 95% CI,1.34) or squamous cell carcinoma (HR, 1.21; upper 95% CI, 1.39). Although patients with adenocarcinomas treated with segmentectomy had equivalent survival rates to those treated with lobectomy (HR, 0.97; upper 95% CI, 1.07), outcomes of those treated with wedge resection (HR, 1.29; upper 95% CI, 1.42) did not. Among patients with squamous cell carcinoma, neither wedge resection (HR, 1.34; upper 95% CI, 1.53) nor segmentectomy (HR, 1.19; upper 95% CI, 1.36) were equivalent to lobectomy.

Conclusion

We found generally that limited resection is not equivalent to lobectomy in older patients with invasive non–small-cell lung cancer ≤ 2 cm in size, although segmentectomy may be equivalent in patients with adenocarcinoma.
Improvement of Physical Decline Through Combined Effects of Muscle Enhancement and Mitochondrial Activation by a Gastric Hormone Ghrelin in Male 5/6Nx CKD Model Mice
Authors: Tamaki Masanori , Hagiwara Aika , Miyashita Kazutoshi , Wakino Shu , Inoue Hiroyuki , Fujii Kentaro , Fujii Chikako , Sato Masaaki , Mitsuishi Masanori , Muraki Ayako , Hayashi Koichi , Doi Toshio , Itoh Hiroshi
Published: August 2015

Because a physical decline correlates with an increased risk of a wide range of disease and morbidity, an improvement of physical performance is expected to bring significant clinical benefits. The primary cause of physical decline in 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6Nx) chronic kidney disease model mice has been regarded as a decrease in muscle mass; however, our recent study showed that a decrease in muscle mitochondria plays a critical role. In the present study, we examined the effects of a gastric hormone ghrelin, which has been reported to promote muscle mitochondrial oxidation, on the physical decline in the chronic kidney disease model mice, focusing on the epigenetic modulations of a mitochondrial activator gene, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). Ghrelin treatment improved a decline in exercise endurance of 5/6Nx mice, associated with an increase in both of the muscle mass and mitochondrial amount. The expression level of PGC-1α was decreased in the skeletal muscle of 5/6Nx mice, which was associated with an increase in the methylation ratio of the cytosine residue at 260 base pairs upstream of the initiation point. Conversely, ghrelin treatment de-methylated the cytosine residue and increased the expression of PGC-1α. A representative muscle anabolic factor, IGF-1, did not affect the expression of PGC-1α and muscle mitochondrial amount, although it increased muscle mass. As a result, IGF-1 treatment in 5/6Nx mice did not increase the decreased exercise endurance as effectively as ghrelin treatment did. These findings indicate an advantage of ghrelin treatment for a recovery of physical decline.
The Role of Epigenetics in the Latent Effects of Early Life Exposure to Obesogenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals
Authors: Stel Jente , Legler Juliette
Published: August 2015

Recent research supports a role for exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the global obesity epidemic. Obesogenic EDCs have the potential to inappropriately stimulate adipogenesis and fat storage, influence metabolism and energy balance and increase susceptibility to obesity. Developmental exposure to obesogenic EDCs is proposed to interfere with epigenetic programming of gene regulation, partly by activation of nuclear receptors, thereby influencing the risk of obesity later in life. The goal of this minireview is to briefly describe the epigenetic mechanisms underlying developmental plasticity and to evaluate the evidence of a mechanistic link between altered epigenetic gene regulation by early life EDC exposure and latent onset of obesity. We summarize the results of recent in vitro, in vivo, and transgenerational studies, which clearly show that the obesogenic effects of EDCs such as tributyltin, brominated diphenyl ether 47, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are mediated by the activation and associated altered methylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, the master regulator of adipogenesis, or its target genes. Importantly, studies are emerging that assess the effects of EDCs on the interplay between DNA methylation and histone modifications in altered chromatin structure. These types of studies coupled with genome-wide rather than gene-specific analyses are needed to improve mechanistic understanding of epigenetic changes by EDC exposure. Current advances in the field of epigenomics have led to the first potential epigenetic markers for obesity that can be detected at birth, providing an important basis to determine the effects of developmental exposure to obesogenic EDCs in humans.
Uterine Epithelial Estrogen Receptor-α Controls Decidualization via a Paracrine Mechanism
Authors: Pawar S. , Laws M. J. , Bagchi I. C. , Bagchi M. K.
Published: August 2015

Steroid hormone-regulated differentiation of uterine stromal cells, known as decidualization, is essential for embryo implantation. The role of the estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) during this differentiation process is unclear. Development of conditional Esr1-null mice showed that deletion of this gene in both epithelial and stromal compartments of the uterus leads to a complete blockade of decidualization, indicating a critical role of ESR1 during this process. To further elucidate the cell type-specific function of ESR1 in the uterus, we created WEd/d mice in which Esr1 is ablated in uterine luminal and glandular epithelia but is retained in the stroma. Uteri of WEd/d mice failed to undergo decidualization, indicating that epithelial ESR1 contributes to stromal differentiation via a paracrine mechanism. We noted markedly reduced production of the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in WEd/d uteri. Supplementation with LIF restored decidualization in WEd/d mice. Our study indicated that LIF acts synergistically with progesterone to induce the expression of Indian hedgehog (IHH) in uterine epithelium and its receptor patched homolog 1 in the stroma. IHH then induces the expression of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II, a transcription factor that promotes stromal differentiation. To address the mechanism by which LIF induces IHH expression, we used mice lacking uterine epithelial signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, a well-known mediator of LIF signaling. Our study revealed that LIF-mediated induction of IHH occurs without the activation of epithelial signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 but uses an alternate pathway involving the activation of the ERK1/2 kinase. Collectively our results provide unique insights into the paracrine mechanisms by which ESR1 directs epithelial-stromal dialogue during pregnancy establishment.
Fluorescent proteins function as a prey attractant: experimental evidence from the hydromedusa Olindias formosus and other marine organisms
Authors: Haddock Steven H. D. , Dunn Casey W.
Published: August 2015

Although proteins in the green fluorescent protein family (GFPs) have been discovered in a wide array of taxa, their ecological functions in these organisms remain unclear. Many hypothesized roles are related to modifying bioluminescence spectra or modulating the light regime for algal symbionts, but these do not explain the presence of GFPs in animals that are non-luminous and non-symbiotic. Other hypothesized functions are unrelated to the visual signals themselves, including stress responses and antioxidant roles, but these cannot explain the localization of fluorescence in particular structures on the animals. Here we tested the hypothesis that fluorescence might serve to attract prey. In laboratory experiments, the predator was the hydromedusa Olindias formosus (previously known as O. formosa), which has fluorescent and pigmented patches on the tips of its tentacles. The prey, juvenile rockfishes in the genus Sebastes, were significantly more attracted (P<1×10−5) to the medusa's tentacles under lighting conditions where fluorescence was excited and tentacle tips were visible above the background. The fish did not respond significantly when treatments did not include fluorescent structures or took place under yellow or white lights, which did not generate fluorescence visible above the ambient light. Furthermore, underwater observations of the behavior of fishes when presented with a brightly illuminated point showed a strong attraction to this visual stimulus. In situ observations also provided evidence for fluorescent lures as supernormal stimuli in several other marine animals, including the siphonophore Rhizophysa eysenhardti. Our results support the idea that fluorescent structures can serve as prey attractants, thus providing a potential function for GFPs and other fluorescent proteins in a diverse range of organisms.
Transcriptional and epigenetic insights from stem cells and developing tissues
Authors: Lim Daniel A.
Published: August 2015

In March 2015, over 200 scientists gathered in Steamboat Springs, Colorado, USA, for the Keystone Symposium ‘Transcriptional and Epigenetic Influences on Stem Cell States’ to discuss the molecular mechanisms of pluripotency, cell differentiation, cell reprogramming and transdifferentiation, among other topics. In this meeting, translational research on stem cells for disease modeling and therapy was also presented. This Meeting Review describes key themes and selected findings, providing a timely update on this fast-moving area of research.
The developmental origins of the mammalian ovarian reserve
Authors: Grive Kathryn J. , Freiman Richard N.
Published: August 2015

The adult mammalian ovary is devoid of definitive germline stem cells. As such, female reproductive senescence largely results from the depletion of a finite ovarian follicle pool that is produced during embryonic development. Remarkably, the crucial nature and regulation of follicle assembly and survival during embryogenesis is just coming into focus. This developmental pathway involves the coordination of meiotic progression and the breakdown of germ cell cysts into individual oocytes housed within primordial follicles. Recent evidence also indicates that genetic and environmental factors can specifically perturb primordial follicle assembly. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the mammalian ovarian reserve is established, highlighting the presence of a crucial checkpoint that allows survival of only the highest-quality oocytes.
The fission yeast cytokinetic contractile ring regulates septum shape and closure
Authors: Thiyagarajan Sathish , Munteanu Emilia Laura , Arasada Rajesh , Pollard Thomas D. , O'Shaughnessy Ben
Published: August 2015

During cytokinesis, fission yeast and other fungi and bacteria grow a septum that divides the cell into two. In fission yeast closure of the circular septum hole by Bgs proteins and other glucan synthases in the plasma membrane is tightly coupled to constriction of an actomyosin contractile ring attached to the membrane. It is unknown how septum growth is coordinated over micron scales to maintain septum circularity. Here we documented the shapes of ingrowing septum edges by measuring the edge roughness, a measure of the deviation from circularity. The roughness was small, with spatial correlations indicative of spatially coordinated growth. We hypothesized that Bgs-mediated septum growth is mechanosensitive and coupled to contractile ring tension. A mathematical model showed that ring tension then generates almost circular septum edges by adjusting growth rates in a curvature-dependent fashion. The model reproduced experimental roughness statistics and showed that septum synthesis sets the mean closure rate. Our results suggest the fission yeast cytokinetic ring tension does not set the constriction rate but regulates septum closure by suppressing roughness produced by inherently stochastic molecular growth processes.
Focal enhancement of the skeleton to exercise correlates to mesenchymal stem cell responsivity rather than peak external forces
Authors: Wallace Ian J. , Pagnotti Gabriel M. , Rubin-Sigler Jasper , Naeher Matthew , Copes Lynn E. , Judex Stefan , Rubin Clinton T. , Demes Brigitte
Published: August 2015

Force magnitudes have been suggested to drive bone's structural response to exercise. As importantly, the degree to which any given bone can adapt to functional challenges may be enabled, or constrained, by regional variation in the capacity of marrow progenitors to differentiate into bone-forming cells. Here, we investigate the relationship between bone adaptation and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) responsivity in growing mice subject to exercise. First, using a force plate, we show that peak external forces generated by forelimbs during quadrupedal locomotion are significantly higher than hindlimb forces. Second, by treating mice with treadmill running and then measuring bone structure with μCT, we show that skeletal effects of exercise are site-specific but not defined by load magnitudes. Specifically, in the forelimb, where external forces generated by running were highest, exercise failed to augment diaphyseal structure in either the humerus or radius, nor did it affect humeral trabecular structure. In contrast, in the ulna, femur, and tibia, exercise led to significant enhancements of diaphyseal bone areas and moments of area. Trabecular structure was also enhanced by running in the femur and tibia. Finally, using flow cytometry, we show that marrow-derived MSCs in the femur are more responsive to exercise-induced loads than humeral cells, such that running significantly lowered MSC populations only in the femur. Together, these data suggest that the ability of the progenitor population to differentiate toward osteoblastogenesis may be a better correlate to bone structural adaptation than peak external forces caused by exercise.
Pushing the limits of glucose kinetics: how rainbow trout cope with a carbohydrate overload
Authors: Choi Kevin , Weber Jean-Michel
Published: August 2015

Rainbow trout are generally considered as poor glucoregulators. To evaluate this statement, exogenous glucose was administered to chronically hyperglycemic fish at twice the endogenous rate of hepatic production, and their ability to modulate glucose fluxes was tested. Our goals were to determine: (1) whether hyperglycemic fish maintain higher glucose fluxes than normal; (2) whether they can lower hepatic production (Ra glucose) or stimulate disposal (Rd glucose) to cope with a carbohydrate overload; and (3) an estimate of the relative importance of glucose as an oxidative fuel. Results show that hyperglycemic trout sustain elevated baseline Ra and Rd glucose of 10.6±0.1 µmol kg−1 min−1 (or 30% above normal). If 50% of Rd was oxidized as in mammals, glucose could account from 36 to 100% of metabolic rate when exogenous glucose is supplied. In response to exogenous glucose, rainbow trout can completely suppress hepatic glucose production and increase disposal by 2.6-fold, even with chronically elevated baseline fluxes. Such large changes in fluxes limit the increase in blood glucose to 2.5-fold and are probably mediated by the effects of insulin on glucose transporters 2 and 4 and on key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. Without this strong and rapid modulation of glucose kinetics, glycemia would rise 4 times faster to reach dangerous levels exceeding 100 mmol l−1. Such responses are typical of mammals, but rather unexpected for an ectotherm. The impressive plasticity of glucose kinetics demonstrated here suggests that trout have a much better glucoregulatory capacity than usually portrayed in the literature.
A Facile Synthesis of Branched Oligomers by Metal-free Ring-opening Oligomerization of Glycidyl Phenyl Ether Initiated with n-Bu4NF in the Presence of Polyhydric Alcohols
Authors: Morinaga Hisatoyo , Taniguchi Seiya
Published: August 2015

Branched oligomers with relatively controlled molecular weights were synthesized in a facile manner by metal-free ring-opening oligomerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) initiated with n-Bu4NF in the presence of polyhydric alcohols such as propane-1,3-diol (PD), trimethylolpropane (TP), and pentaerythritol (PE).
Study of a Solar Pv/Wind/Diesel Hybrid Power System for a Remotely Located Population near Arar, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rehman S. , El-Amin I.
Published: August 2015

Different hybrid configurations of wind, photovoltaic (PV), and diesel systems for a village in the north-eastern region of Saudi Arabia are presented. The configurations (i) diesel only, (ii) wind-diesel, (iii) PV-diesel, and (iv) wind-PV-diesel power generation systems are designed and compared to select the optimal alternative system by considering the minimum cost of energy and least environmental impact. For sizing and optimizing the hybrid power systems, local hourly average wind speed, hourly total solar radiation, and hourly load data have been used as input. Of the four configurations investigated, the diesel only system is found to be most cost effective with an energy cost of 0.037 US$/kWh with a fuel cost of 0.067 US$/1. Among the hybrid power systems, the PV-diesel hybrid system with 1,500 kW PV capacity, equal inverter capacity, and four diesel generators each of 1120 kW capacity are found to the most economical solution with a COE of 0.038 US$/kWh.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of Active Vibration Control of a Cylindrical Shell Using Piezoelectric Disks
Authors: Loghmani Ali , Danesh Mohammad , Keshmiri Mehdi , Savadi Mohammad Mahdi
Published: August 2015

Active vibration control of a cylindrical shell using piezoelectric disks is studied both theoretically and experimentally in this paper. Hamilton's principle is used for deriving dynamic motion equations of the cylinder coupled with piezoelectric disks. The equations are discretised by Rayleigh-Ritz method. An adaptive feedforward controller based on steepest descent method is implemented on a PC to control the modal vibration. The proposed method solves the drawback of using PCs that is sending and receiving data in block form. It is shown that the proposed control system which consists of piezoelectric disks and an adaptive controller is effective in reducing vibration and radiated acoustic noise.
Using Singular Perturbation Method for Controlling a Crane System with a Flexible Cable and Large Swing Angle
Authors: Fatehi Mohammad H. , Eghtesad Mohammad , Amjadifard Roya
Published: August 2015

This paper aims to develop an advanced control system for an overhead crane with transverse vibrations of flexible cable while considering large angle of the cable swing. The control objective is to move the payload to a desired position and at the same time, to reduce the payload swing and to suppress the cable transverse vibrations only by applying a directional (horizontal) driving force to the trolley. The crane system with cable vibrations and large swing angle is categorized as a multi-degree under-actuated system whose characteristics impose serious challenges when applying control methods. One reasonable way to overcome the challenges is to separate the degrees of under actuation. To do so, singular perturbation approach is used to divide the dynamical system into a fast subsystem for cable vibrations (with flexible un-actuated coordinates) and a slow subsystem for trolley motion and cable swing (with one degree of under actuation). Based on two-time scale control method, a composite control system is designed. Accordingly, the control system consists of a linear controller for fast dynamics (for vibration suppression) and a nonlinear controller for slow dynamics (for reducing cable swing and controlling the payload motion). Simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control system for an illustrative example of the crane systems with flexible cable moving a lightweight payload.
Computational and Physical Modeling for Multi-Cellular Pneumatic Envelope Assemblies
Authors: Velikov Kathy , Thün Geoffrey , O'Malley Mary , Junghans Lars
Published: August 2015

This article describes recent research on the performative, formal and aesthetic potentials of multi-cellular pneumatic foil-based envelope systems for lightweight, responsive building skins able to control thermal insulation and air exchange with minimal amounts of energy and mechanical components. The prototype-based research involves the use of principles from biological examples of pneus, which inform the design of physical analogue models at an architectural scale. The process entails physical-computational feedback loops wherein physical performance findings are fed into computational design models for pneumatics and membranes, as well as modified energy models, in order to advance the predictive design capacities of simulation tools in designing such systems. In this process, material agency allies with computational agency to develop novel possibilities for dynamic pneumatic envelopes.
A national online survey of UK maternity unit service provision for women with fear of birth
Authors: Richens Yana , Hindley Carol , Lavender Tina
Published: August 2015

In the UK, fear of birth (FoB) is considered a valid reason to request an elective caesarean section, and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence ( NICE, 2011 ) provided guidance in respect of women with a FoB requesting operative delivery. However, it was not clear how many maternity units in the UK offered support for women in line with this guidance. Consequently, a national online audit survey was undertaken to determine current service provision in maternity units. Hence in 2013, 202 maternity units were surveyed over 9 weeks; there was a 63% (n=128) response rate.

It was evident that 47.3% (n=52) of all units did not offer specialist support for women with FoB. However, where support was available, this varied from the benchmark recommendation for referral to a consultant obstetrician (NICE, 2001) to specialist midwifery clinics and psychological support services. Overall, the survey revealed that care pathways for FoB had not been widely implemented in the UK.
The dental nurse and diabetes
Authors: Legg Nikki , Hellyer Paul
Published: August 2015

In this article, Paul Hellyer and Nikki Legg describe the relevance of diabetes to oral care and, using Nikki's personal experience, explain the significance of the condition to help dental nurses manage a patient who has diabetes, or spot the signs of an undiagnosed patient
The social model of disability and its application to dentistry
Authors: Owens Janine
Published: August 2015

People with disabilities are potentially one of the most marginalised groups in our society. What this series of papers aims to do is to raise awareness about disability. The first paper will discuss the social model of disability, its importance for people with disabilities and its application to dentistry
Orthodontics and oral health-related quality of life
Authors: Akram Ansa
Published: August 2015

This article presents an overview of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) with particular relevance to the impact of malocclusion and hence orthodontic treatment on OHRQoL. The role of patient-reported outcome measures in assessing quality of life is explained with evidence from literature
Good infection control practice: protecting the patient
Authors: Atkins Ben
Published: August 2015

This article will examine environmental cleanliness, surface cleaning, hand hygiene and how we have a responsibility to ensure that all our staff, patients and visitors are confident that we are doing all we can to reduce health care-associated infections
Effective infection control procedures: ultrasonic cleaners
Authors: Czyrko Chris
Published: August 2015

This article focuses on ultrasonic cleaners as the most effective method for decontaminating and cleaning reusable dental instruments
How to make the most of your CPD
Authors: Talati Shilla
Published: August 2015

In this article, Shilla Talati discusses how to choose the right topics that are relevant to you in order to make the most of your CPD
Recognising rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bostock-Cox Beverley
Published: August 2015

Practice nurses have a role to play in recognising the signs and managing care, says Beverley Bostock-Cox
Advising travellers on sun safety
Authors: Grieve Sandra
Published: August 2015

The travel health consultation should include advice on the risks of sun exposure, explains Sandra Grieve
A revised checklist species of the Curculionoidea (Coleoptera, excluding Scolytinae) of Rostov Oblast and Kalmykia, the southern part of European Russia
Authors: Arzanov Yuri G.
Published: August 2015

This work provides a list of 703 species of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea, excluding Scolytinae) recorded in two adjacent administrative regions in the southern part of European Russia: Rostov Oblast and the Republic of Kalmykia. The species diversity of the ten recorded families is as follows: Nemonychidae (1), Anthribidae (10), Rhynchitidae (12), Attelabidae (2), Apionidae (70), Nanophyidae (12), Brachyceridae (2), Dryophthoridae (4), Erirhinidae (13), Curculionidae (577, excluding Scolytinae). In total, 151 species are added to the faunal list of the southern European Russia.
A Modified Gain Schedulling Controller by Considering the Sparseness Property of UAV Quadrotors
Authors: Abdurrohman M Qodar , Inovan Reka , Ataka Ahmad , Tnunay Hilton , Wimbo Ardhimas , Iswanto Iswanto , Cahyadi Adha , Yamamoto Yoshio
Published: August 2015

This work presented the gain scheduling based LQR for Quadrotor systems. From the original nonlinear model, the system is always controllable and observable in various equilibrium points. Moreover, the linearized systems have a unique property that is known as sparse system. Hence, in order to implement the most efficient state feedback controller, post-filter and pre-filter were introduced to transform the state coordinate to decrease coupling between states. Finally, the gain scheduling systems using these facts was proposed. The system behavior was tested using the proposed controller. The numerical studies showed the effectiveness of the controller to achieve desired altitude, attitude, and its ability during the disturbance
Therapeutic management of Argulosis in Carp ponds, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Ramudu Kurva Raghu , Devi B Chamundeswari , Kumar B Pavan
Published: August 2015

Background: The genus Argulus sp. belongs to class Crustacea (Branchiura), which is commonly called as fish louse. These are common parasites on freshwater fish like carps (Both Indian Major Carps and Exotic Carps).Objectives:The aim of present study is to determine the prevalence, severity of infestation and control measures of Argulosis in Carp ponds.Results: In the present work about 233 fishes were examined, 53 were found infected (22.74%) and severity of infestation varied from 0.5 to 2. Argulus sp. were found and infected various organs such as dorsal fins, anal fin, pectoral fins, pelvic fins and head region of carps.Conclusion: The present study also, brings about the conclusion that the prevalence rate of Argulus sp. is high in Labeo rohita followed by Cirrhinus mrigala and Catla catla respectively.
Terahertz Wave Characteristic of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Propagation Matrix Method
Authors: Wang Mao Yan , Li Hailong , Zhang Meng , Dong Yuliang , Zhong Cuilin
Published: August 2015

The reflection, transmission, and absorption coefficients of Terahertz wave from one dimensional stratified media containing dispersive single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are presented with the propagation matrix method. Firstly, the propagation matrix for the whole stratified media slab is obtained by applying electromagnetic waves in each stratified media to the boundary conditions of continuous tangential fields. The reflection and transmission coefficients are got by solving the propagation matrix expressed in the matrix recursion form. Then the accuracy of the propagation matrix method is verified by comparing with numerical results of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method in reference. The effects to reflection and transmission coefficients of stratified media containing SWCNTs caused by the working frequency, thickness of SWCNTs and silicon dioxide substrate are investigated in detail.
Ketamine in outpatient arthroscopic shoulder
surgery: Effects on postoperative pain,
hemodynamic stability and process times
Authors: Schotola Hanna , Kirsch Karl-Christian , Höcker Jan , Egan Michael , Büttner Benedikt , Wiese Christoph , Mansur Ashham , Hinz José Maria , Bergmann Ingo
Published: August 2015

Background: Pain after arthroscopic shoulder
surgery is often severe, and establishing a pain treatment
regimen that does not delay discharge can be challenging.
The reported ability of ketamine to prevent opioid-induced
hyperalgesia has not been investigated in this particular
setting.

Methods: 300 adult patients scheduled for shoulder
arthroscopy under general anesthesia were recruited
for this observational clinical trial and were allotted to
either receive 1mg/kg IV bolus of ketamine before surgery
(ketamine group, KG) or to a control group (CG) without
ketamine. NRS pain scores were obtained on the operative
day and on postoperative days 1 and 2 and compared
between groups. Secondary variables were blood pressure,
heart rate, process times, satisfaction with the anesthetic
and unwanted effects.

Results: Pain severity did not differ significantly between
the groups at any time. Propofol injection rate and cumulative
dose were higher in the KG. Heart rates and blood
pressures were similar. Time to emergence and time in PACU were longer and vomiting was more frequent in
patients given ketamine.

Conclusion: Preoperative low-dose ketamine added to
a general anesthetic does not reduce perioperative pain
after outpatient shoulder arthroscopy. It increases procedural
times and the incidence of PONV.
Simultaneous Determination of Cocaine and Benzoyl Ecgonine in Urine by Gas Chromatography with On-Column Alkylation
Authors: Jain NC , Chinn DM , Budd RD , Sneath TS , Leung WJ
Published: August 2015

Cocaine, as a pharmacologically active alkaloid from the leaves of the Erythroxylon coca bush, is the most powerful naturally occurring stimulant known. The history of its use as a stimulant by the Indians of Peru and Bolivia goes back as far as 1200 years. In the past 116 years the pharmacological and addictive properties of cocaine have been studied. More recently, reports have shown cocaine abuse among 10 to 24.1% of narcotic addicts for infrequent periods dating back to 1968 [1], and seizures of illicit cocaine are frequently reported in the news. Yet in spite of its extensive use the user is not readily identified, nor has cocaine's role in fatal poisoning been fully examined. Cocaine's potential for abuse is well known, but exhaustive epidemiological and toxicological data are, on the whole, unavailable. This lack of data may be due to the technological inability to assay for free cocaine by normal analytical methods because of its extensive metabolism to benzoyl ecgonine [2–6]. The obvious point of attack, then, in the problem of cocaine abuse detection would be the perfection of a reliable analysis for benzoyl ecgonine.
The Status of Forensic Science Degree Programs in the United States
Authors: Peterson JL , De Forest PR
Published: August 2015

Forensic science faces no problem more pressing than the education and training of the scientists who staff the nation's forensic science laboratories. If one examines the critical research needs of the profession, the shortage of truly qualified laboratory scientists and supervisors, or the crisis of overwhelming case loads and backlogs, one finds that the most essential element in satisfying these needs is a core of scientifically qualified personnel. Again, when the need for maintaining high quality control (assurance) standards or for developing high ethical awareness among the professionals is under discussion, we inevitably find that laboratory personnel and the quality of their educational backgrounds are the main focus.