bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Editorial Conselho
Published: March 2017

Editorial
A Unidade de Trauma da Santa Casa de Campo Grande: um estudo de caso no ponto de vista do desenvolvimento local
Authors: Santos Eduardo Fernandes
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho é fruto de pesquisa realizada na Associação Beneficente de Campo Grande, Santa Casa de Campo Grande, com o objetivo de demonstrar o papel da Unidade de Trauma no desenvolvimento local. A referida Unidade de Trauma, ainda em obras, localiza-se em um pavilhão anexo à Santa Casa de Campo Grande para atendimento exclusivo aos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Para que essa unidade entre em funcionamento, os profissionais, colaboradores realizaram estudos para verificar o que será necessário para colocar este complexo em funcionamento e conhecerem o impacto local e regional que esta exercerá. Essa unidade atenderá a capital, 78 municípios do Estado e até mesmo outros estados e países vizinhos. Com isso, apresentamos o impacto no âmbito do desenvolvimento local que a capital terá com esse novo empreendimento na área da saúde. Em todo o contexto deste trabalho, mostramos o quanto a área da saúde tem que se desenvolver para realizar um bom trabalho à população. Desse modo, trabalhamos de forma que isso sirva de base para chegarmos a indicadores populacionais no âmbito do desenvolvimento local tendo como prerrogativas a história da Associação Beneficente de Campo Grande, Santa Casa, fazendo um breve histórico e mostrando toda a sua estrutura, desenvolvendo a história dos hospitais filantrópicos do Brasil, colocando os pontos importantes desses serviços, elencando pontos da saúde e do desenvolvimento local e, então, a Unidade de Trauma em si, todo o estudo que realizamos em relação à estrutura que será desenvolvida, para que essa Unidade entre em funcionamento para a realização de atendimentos aos usuários do SUS.
Falta de controle e padronização: estudo de caso em uma indústria de tintas imobiliárias
Authors: Rabaioli Volmir , De Oliveira Natália Lima , Da Silva Josilane Moura
Published: March 2017

A competitividade acirrada e a crescente exigência dos consumidores em relação à qualidade exigem das organizações níveis de excelência em seus processos internos, na busca de constantes melhorias para garantir a sua sobrevivência num mercado dinâmico e em constantes mudanças. Porém, na maioria das empresas de pequeno e médio porte, os produtos, procedimentos e processos não são padronizados, em que várias pessoas executam a mesma atividade da maneira diferente, correndo o risco de obter resultados inesperados. Por isso, é importante construir um sistema de controle de processo padronizado para evitar o problema da variabilidade e resultados indesejados. O objeto de estudo desse artigo é uma indústria de tintas do ramo imobiliário localizada na cidade de Campo Grande – MS, a qual apresenta um alto índice de reclamações de clientes em relação à qualidade das tintas. Como metodologia, adotou-se o estudo de caso com pesquisa exploratória para identificar as causas das anomalias, a existência de itens de controle de processo e padronização. Após a análise dos resultados, verificou-se a inexistência de um sistema de gestão que satisfaça os usuários do produto.
Análise das convergências e divergências nas políticas públicas ecológicas para agricultores familiares a partir da abordagem em desenvolvimento local: um estudo comparativo entre Espanha e Brasil
Authors: Da silva Elizabete Maria , Gómez López José Daniel , Canstantino de Oliveira Michel Angelo
Published: March 2017

Este artigo examinou a convergência e divergência das políticas públicas direcionadas para produtores agrícolas de base econômica familiar no Brasil e na Espanha.  A partir da elaboração de um quadro comparativo, foi possível reconhecer que a Espanha, por ser um país com mais capital social, investimentos estruturais e cultura cooperativista, abarca com maior profundidade as políticas públicas existentes. O trabalho é exploratório e utilizou-se de dados bibliográficos, documentais, bem como a percepção da pesquisa de campo realizada anteriormente. Conclui-se que, apesar de melhor apreensão da Espanha no que se refere às políticas públicas existentes, o Brasil adota políticas semelhantes, podendo se esperar avanços análogos. No entanto são necessárias implementações nas políticas públicas existentes, tanto na Espanha (dependente da PAC), quanto no Brasil, no sentido de garantir a produção agrícola familiar e sua sustentabilidade. Fica evidenciado, no presente artigo, que políticas públicas para agricultura familiar, que garantam o desenvolvimento local, são clamores mundiais.
Color stability of heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate resin denture base after addition of high molecular nano chitosan
Authors: Adiana Ika Devi , Abidin Trimurni , Syafiar Lasminda
Published: March 2017

Background: The addition of other ingredients to maintain color stability of heat polymerized polymethylmethacrylate is being developed. One of them is by adding high molecular nano chitosan. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the color stability of heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin after an addition of high molecular nano chitosan. Method: 30 sample pieces of acrylic plate (40x10x2 mm) were divied into 6 groups: control group and groups with the addition of chitosan nano gel percentages of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.50%. 2 ml chitosan nano gel was added into the mixture of acrylic resin with 23 g : 10 ml (P : L). After the mixture was inserted into a mold and then pressed and cured at 74oC for 120 minutes and then 100o C for 60 minutes. Acrylic plates were then released from the mold and finished. Color stability of acrylic resin were measured using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and analyzed with a one way Anova. Result: The results showed significant differences in color stability after the addition of high molecular nano chitosan. The best color stability found in 1.0% the addition of chitosan nano gel group, the value was 0.07589 cm-1. Conclusion: The chitosan nano gel can be used to maintain color stability of heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin.
Characterization of Streptococcus sanguis molecular receptors for Streptococcus mutans binding molecules
Authors: Putri Deby Kania Tri , Kriswandini Indah Listiana , Luthfi Muhammad
Published: March 2017

Background: Dental caries is a major problem in oral cavity. If dental caries causes cavity, the structure of dental hard tissue will not be reversible because of damage in the structure of the hard tissue. The early pathogenesis mechanism of dental caries is an adhesion interaction between cariogenic Streptococcus mutans microorganisms and tooth surface pellicles. The attachment involves a specific molecular component interaction between the bacterial complement molecules and the surface of the host. Streptococcus sanguis as a dominant ecology at the beginning of bacterial plaque aggregation will colonize the tooth surface earlier than S. mutans. The surface of bacterial cells can express some adesin. The bacteria also can express receptors for adhesins of other bacteria. Specific receptors for adhesions of S. Mutans bacteria are not only found in the pellicles, but also present in pioneer bacteria, such as S. sanguis. Adhesion between those bacteria is called as coagregation. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the characterization of Streptococcus sanguis molecular receptors for Streptococcus mutans binding molecules. Method: This study used a sonication method for protein isolation of S. mutans and S. sanguis bacterial biofilms, as well as electrophoresis method using 12 % SDS-PAGE gel and Western Blot analysis. Result: Results of the protein profile analysis of S. mutans biofilms using 12% SDS-PAGE showed that there were 17 bands, each of which molecular weights was 212, 140, 81, 65, 61, 48, 45, 44, 40, 39, 33 , 25, 23, 19, 17, 12, and 11 kDa. On the other hand, results of the protein profile analysis of S. sanguis biofilms using 12% SDS-PAGE showed that there were 15 bands, each of which molecular weight was 130, 85, 65, 61, 48, 46, 40, 37, 29, 25, 23, 21, 17, 15, and 12 kDa. And, results of the analysis of S. sanguis receptor molecules using Western blot showed that there were three bands, each of which molecular weight was 130, 85, and 40 kDa. Conclusion: S. sanguis bacteria have specific receptor molecules for S. mutans bacteria with the molecular weight of 130, 85, and 40 kDa.
Brexit and the Poverty of Popular Democracy in Great Britain: An Analytical Perspective
Authors: Afinotan L. Andy
Published: March 2017

In the contemporary international system, the trend towards collective security through regional integration for economic and political stability is unmistakable. The European Union, often touted as the quintessential example of a stable and secure regional economic alliance was developed by the contiguous countries of Western Europe for fundamentally strategic reasons. It was basically informed inter alia, by the need to prevent a re-occurrence of war between Germany and France, the two belligerents that dragged the entire world into war twice in one century. Bringing the two countries together in a cooperative prosperity circle, in concert with other European countries, is considered to be a useful means to economic and political stability in the region. The decision of Britain to exit the Union via a domestic referendum therefore, promises to have severe repercussions, not only for the Union, but more fundamentally for Britain itself. Making use of Library Research and content analysis methodologies in an explanatory, historical, and qualitative analytical perspective, the paper examined the roots of the Brexit narrative, and within that context, analysed the plausible consequences of Britain’s exit from the Union. The paper concluded that not only will Europe and indeed Africa be hurt by it through the consequences of a possible domino effect on regional organisations and separatist groups worldwide, but also in its reactionary implications, is bound to take Europe back a couple of steps.
DIFERENSIAL LEUKOSIT IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) DENGAN PERBEDAAN LEVEL SUPLEMENTASI Spirulina platensis DALAM PAKAN
Authors: Widyaningrum Hikmah , Simanjutak Sorta Basar Ida , Susatyo Priyo
Published: March 2017

The aim of this research was to know the effect of supplemented Spirulina platensis in diet on leukocytes differential of gourami (Osphronemous gouramy Lac.) and to obtain the best dose. This research was carried out experimentally using a completely randomized design (RAL), which consists of 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. The fish fed with diets which contain different levels of (0, 2.4, and 6g/kg) Spirulina platensis were investigated. Sampling was done 4 times at intervals of 2 weeks of the feeding experiment, leukocyte differential (monocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, eosinophyl) of blood taken from fish were determined. The results showed that the highest percentage of lymphocytes was found in level of supplementation of 4 g/kg of diets, whereas the highest percentage of monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils were found at the level suplemetation 2 g/kg of diets. Level supplementation of S. platensis 4 g/kg of diets is an efficient and effective level in stimulating immune system cells of gourami, particularly lymphocytes cell.
KUANTITAS ANAKAN KULTUR SEMUT RANGRANG, Oecophylla smaragdina, SECARA ARTIFISIAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BEBERAPA JENIS PAKAN BERBEDA
Authors: Ratri Lintang Dianing , Basuki Edi , Darsono Darsono
Published: March 2017

Oecophylla smaragdina or weaver ants is social insect that has an important role in the ecosystem. One of its main function is as a biological control agent in agriculture. The use of weaver ants in an effort to develop a biocontrol continues and increases, this has caused the significant decrease of the natural population of O. smaragdina. Therefore, the weaver ants rearing is needed to maintain its existence in natural habitat without excessive exploitation. The purpose of this study were to determine the effect of different types of feed i.e. snails, earthworms, and okara (tofu by-product) in the production of weaver ants kroto; and to determine the different of treatments of feeds provided to the production quantity of weaver ants kroto. The experimental method used in this study with a completely randomized design. Treatment was given by different protein sources feeding i.e. snails (Pomacea canaliculata), earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus), and okara. Five replicates were appliead for each treatment. Earthworms fed ants produced highest number of kroto with total of 1,030 individuals and weight 87.4 gram in total. Snails fed ants produced 866 individuals and weight 73.1 gram. Okara fed ants produced 543 individuals and weight 45.9 gram.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KANDUNGAN SILIKA DENGAN KELIMPAHAN DIATOM BENTHIK DI SEPANJANG SUNGAI PELUS KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Umiatun Siti , Carmudi Carmudi , Christiani Christiani
Published: March 2017

Silica is an element that is useful to the organism especially Diatoms (Chrysophyta: Bacillariophyceae). The sources of Silica in waters derive from weathering rock-containing silica. Diatoms are a phytoplankton that able to live as a phytobenthos distributed globally in all types of waters. The purpose of this study was to determine; the silica content, the abundance of diatoms, and the relationship between the content of silica and the abundance of diatoms in the Pelus River Banyumas. This research was conducted as a survey and samples were collected using composite sampling technique at 5 stations. Samples were collected three times with 2 weeks intervals. Two main parameters (diatoms abundance and silica content) and ten supporting parameters (temperature, current velocity, pH, DO, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, nitrate, and ortofosfat of waters) were measured. Data of analysis calculated in this study including regression correlation analysis to determine the relationship of the silica content and the abundance of diatoms. The silica concentration in the Pelus River waters varies between 112.48-175.00 mg.l-1 with an average of 146 mg.l-1. The total abundance of benthic diatoms was 44,442 ind.cm-2. The highest diatoms abundance was at station II (11,128 ind.cm-2), the lowest was at Station IV (6,828 ind.cm-2). The relationship between silica contained in the waters and abundance of diatoms indicated by the value of R2 (coefficient of determination) by 0.38 or 38%. The abundance of Diatoms are affected 62% by the available silica in the environment, and the rest 38% e rest are determined by other factors.
KUALITAS AIR WADUK PENJALIN BERDASARKAN STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MAKROBENTHOS
Authors: Putri Ratih Junika Widjaja , Carmudi Carmudi , Pulungsari Anastasia Endang
Published: March 2017

Macrobenthos is one of the biotic water constituent and can be used as bioindicator in determining water quality conditions. Water quality can be seen in terms of community structure of macrobenthos. The present study aimed to determine the physical and chemical water qualities in Penjalin Reservoir and to know the community structure of macrobenthos contained in the waters of Penjalin Reservoir. Community structure includes Density (organism/m2), Relative Density, Dominance Index (C) and Diversity Index (H ') as well as to determine the relationship between the water quality (physical and chemical) and the macrobenthos density. The physical and chemical qualities of Penjalin Reservoir water was good based on class III water quality standard according to PP No. 82 Ttahun 2001. Based on observation, 11 macrobenthos were obtained. Diversity Index (H') based on the criteria of Lee  et al. (1978) showed moderate values (2.07 to 1.66) suggesting a low contamination level. The relationship of macrobenthos density and its chemical and physical quality of water pH, temperature, light penetration, depth, DO, BOD was weak, but had strong relationship with TSS. The results showed a linear regression equation Y = 898.76 X - 236.946 (Y = density and X = TSS) which could be interpreted that the more value of macrobenthos density the higher value of TSS contained in the water.
Content-Based Image Retrieval Based on Late Fusion of Binary and Local Descriptors
Authors: Ali Nouman , Ali Mazhar Danish , Iqbal Zeshan , Ashraf Rehan , Ahmed Jawad , Zeeshan Khan Farrukh
Published: March 2017

One of the challenges in Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is to reduce the semantic gaps between low-level features and high-level semantic concepts. In CBIR, the images are represented in the feature space and the performance of CBIR depends on the type of selected feature representation. Late fusion also known as visual words integration is applied to enhance the performance of image retrieval. The recent advances in image retrieval diverted the focus of research towards the use of binary descriptors as they are reported computationally efficient. In this paper, we aim to investigate the late fusion of Fast Retina Keypoint (FREAK) and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). The late fusion of binary and local descriptor is selected because among binary descriptors, FREAK has shown good results in classification-based problems while SIFT is robust to translation, scaling, rotation and small distortions. The late fusion of FREAK and SIFT integrates the performance of both feature descriptors for an effective image retrieval. Experimental results and comparisons show that the proposed late fusion enhances the performances of image retrieval.
A Novel Protocol to Monitor Trace Levels of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Water Using Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Saini Shivender Singh , Kabir Abuzar , Malik Ashok Kumar , Rao Avasarala Lakshmi Jagannadha , Furton Kenneth
Published: March 2017

Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) combines the advanced material properties of sol–gel derived microextraction sorbents and the flexible and permeable fabric support to create a robust, simple and green sample preparation device. It simultaneously improves the extraction sensitivity, and the speed of the extraction by incorporating high volume of sponge-like porous sol–gel hybrid inorganic–organic sorbents into permeable fabric substrates that is capable of extracting target analytes directly from simple to complex aqueous sample matrices. For the first time, this technique was applied to the trace level determination of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental water samples using a non-polar sol–gel C18 coated FPSE media. Several extraction parameters were optimized to improve extraction efficiency and to achieve high detection sensitivity. Validation tests of spiked samples showed good linearity for four selected PAHs (R2 = 0.9983–0.9997) over a wide range of concentrations (0.010-10 ng/mL). Limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were measured at pg/mL levels, 0.1–1 pg/mL and 0.3–3 pg/mL, respectively. Inter- and intra-day precision tests showed variations of 1.1–4.1% for four selected PAHs. Average absolute recovery values were in the range of 88.1–90.5% surpassed the recovery prediction model, with relative standard deviations below 5%. The developed FPSE-HPLC-FLD protocol was finally applied to analyze 8 environmental water samples. Out of four selected PAHs, fluoranthene (Flu) and phenanthrene (Phen) were the most frequently detected in four samples, at concentration levels of 5.6–7.7 ng/mL and 4.1-11 ng/mL, respectively followed by anthracene (Anth) and pyrene (Pyr) in two samples. The newly developed FPSE-HPLC-FLD protocol is simple, green, fast and economical, with adequate sensitivity for trace levels of four selected PAHs and seems to be promising in routine monitoring of water quality and safety.
In Chronic Cardiac Decompensation with Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition Exerts Significant Effects on some Clinical, Functional and Hemodynamic Outcomes: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: De Vecchis Renato , Ariano Carmelina
Published: March 2017

Background: In  patients with pulmonary arterial  hypertension, substantial  clinical benefits have been reported with the use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors(PDE5i) . Moreover, some studies would have proven  useful effects  of PDE5i  also  on   the clinical picture of the  pulmonary hypertension(PH) secondary to left-sided chronic heart failure(CHF). Methods: We performed a meta-analysis comprising randomized controlled trials ( RCTs) which had compared  PDE5i ( mostly sildenafil) with  placebo in CHF patients. Results: 14 studies, including 928  patients overall , were admitted to the  meta-analysis. In   heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction(HFREF), PDE5i,  compared to placebo, significantly improved the composite of death and hospitalization (OR= 0.28; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.74). They also improved peak VO2  (difference in means[MD]: 3.76; 95% CI: 3.27 to 4.25), six-minutes walk distance ( (6MWD)(  MD, 22.7 meters ; 95% CI, 8.19 to 37.21) and pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (MD: -11.52 mmHg; 95% CI: -15.56 to -7.49). Conversely, in   CHF with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction ( HFpEF), PDE5i  were shown  not to yield  any  beneficial effect  concerning  the investigated endpoints. Conclusions: In HFREF, PDE5i  were shown  to improve  the composite of death and hospitalization, as well as    exercise capacity and pulmonary hemodynamics. Conversely,  in HFpEF, no significant clinical, ergospirometric or hemodynamic  betterment  was achieved  using PDE5i treatment.
A Novel Range Compression Algorithm for The~Resolution Enhancement in GNSS-SAR
Authors: Zheng Yu , Yang Yang , Chen Wu
Published: March 2017

Passive Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), known as GNSS-SAR, is a new passive radar imaging system. However, compared with conventional SAR, range resolution of GNSS-SAR is significantly lower. To improve range resolution of GNSS-SAR is an interested topic for investigation. In this paper, a novel range compression algorithm for enhancing range resolutions of GNSS-SAR is proposed. In the proposed scheme, at first, range compression is conducted by correlating the received reflected GNSS signal of intermediate frequency (IF) with the synchronized direct baseband GNSS signal in range domain. Then spectrum equalization is applied to the compressed results to suppress side lobes. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results have demonstrated that significant range resolution improvement in GNSS-SAR can be obtained by the proposed range compression algorithm, compared to the conventional range compression algorithm.
Preparation of Interface-Assembled Carbonyl Reductase and Its Application in Synthesis of S-Licarbazepine in Toluene/Tri-HCl Buffer Biphasic System
Authors: Ou Zhimin , Xu Jiahui , Niu Yangping , Cui Jian
Published: March 2017

S-licarbazepine was prepared by asymmetric reduction of oxcarbazepine with interface-assembled carbonyl reductase at the interface of oil/water biphasic system. The carbonyl reductase was conjugated with polystyrene in the surface of toluene/Tris-HCl biphasic system and formed a surfactant-like structure. The conversion and enantiometric excess of S-licarbazepine reached 97.39% and 99.6% when 3.97 mmol/L oxcarbazepine was reduced by interface-assembled carbonyl reductase with 60 g/L ethanol as co-substrate in toluene/Tris-HCl(12.5:10) biphasic system at 30 °C, 180 rpm for 6 h.
An on-site, ultra-sensitive, quantitative sensing method for the determination of total aflatoxin in peanut and rice based on quantum dot nanobeads strip
Authors: Ouyang Suiyan , Zhang Zhaowei , He Ting , Li Peiwu , Zhang Qi , Chen Xiaomei , Wang Du , Li Hui , Tang Xiaoqian , Zhang Wen
Published: March 2017

An on-site, ultra-sensitive, and quantitative sensing method was developed based on quantum dot nanobeads (QDNBs) and test strip for the determination of total aflatoxins (AFTs) in rice and peanut. The monoclonal antibody against AFT (mAbAFT) was home-made and labeled with QDNB. After the pre-coating of the AFT antigen on the test line (T line), the competitive immunoreactions were conducted between AFT and AFT antigen on the T line with QDNBs-mAbAFT. Under optimal conditions, this approach allowed a rapid response towards AFT with a considerable sensitivity of 1.4 pg/mL and 2.9 pg/mL in rice and peanut matrices, respectively. The put-in and put-out duration were within 10 min. The recoveries for AFT in rice and peanut samples matrices were recorded from 86.25–118.0% with the relative deviations (RSD) below 12%. The assay was further validated via the comparison between this QDNB strip and the conventional HPLC method using spiked samples. Thus, the design provided a potential alternative for on-site, ultra-sensitive, and quantitative sensing of AFT that could also be expanded to other chemical contaminants for food safety.
Synthesis and Preliminarily Cytotoxicity to A549, HCT116 and MCF-7 Cell Lines of Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine Derivatives Containing Isoxazole Moiety
Authors: Yong Jianping , Lu Canzhong , Wu Xiaoyuan
Published: March 2017

Under the guidance of our previous achievements, and in order to extend this small molecular library. In current work, other 21 novel structures of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines containing isoxazole-moiety (1a-1u) were firstly synthesized and the cytotoxicity to A549, HCT116 and MCF-7 cell lines was evaluated using the MTT method. The results showed that most target compounds exhibited good to excellent cytotoxicity to A549, HCT116 and MCF-7 cell lines, especially 6-Methyl-4-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl-]-methoxy-}-thieno[2,3-d]-pyrimidine (1e) exhibited a broad-spectrum and the most potent cytotoxicity to A549, HCT116 and MCF-7 cell lines (IC50s: 2.79, 6.69 and 4.21×10-3 μM, respectively) as compared with the reference drug gefitinib (IC50s: 17.90, 21.55 and 20.68 μM, respectively). 1e can be seen as the best drug candidates for development of anticancer drugs.
ANTIBIOFILM EFFECTS of Citrus limonum and Zingiber officinale Oils on BIOFILM FORMATION of Klebsiella ornithinolytica, Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella terrigena SPECIES
Authors: Avcioglu Nermin Hande , Sahal Gulcan , Bilkay Isil Seyis
Published: March 2017

Background: Microbial cells growing in biofilms, play a huge role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, biofilm

formation of Klebsiella strains belonging to 3 different Klebsiella species (K. ornithinolytica, K. oxytoca and K. terrigena),

cooccurences’ effect on biofilm formation amount and anti-biofilm effects of Citrus limon and Zingiber officinale essential oils on

biofilm formations of highest biofilm forming K. ornithinolytica, K. oxytoca and K. terrigena strains were determined.

Materials and Methods: Anti-biofilm effects of Citrus limon and Zingiber officinale essential oils on biofilm formations of highest

biofilm forming K. ornithinolytica, K. oxytoca and K. terrigena strains were investigated.

Results: 57% of K. ornithinolytica strains and 50% of K. oxytoca strains were found as Strong Biofilm Forming (SBF), there wasn’t

any SBF strain in K. terrigena species. In addition to this, clinical materials of urine and sperm were found as the most frequent

clinical materials for strong biofilm forming K. ornithinolytica and K. oxytoca isolations respectively (63%; 100%) Secondly, all

K. ornithinolytica strains isolated from surgical intensive care unit and all K. oxytoca strains isolated from service units of urology

were found as SBF. Apart from these, although the amount of biofilm, formed by co-occurence of K. ornithinolytica - K. oxytoca

and K. oxytoca - K. terrigena were more than the amount of biofilm formed by themselves separately, biofilm formation amount of

co-occurrence of K. ornitholytica - K. terrigena strains was lower than biofilm formation amount of K. ornithinolytica but higher

than biofilm formation amount of K. terrigena.

Conclusion: The antibiofilm effects of Citrus limonum and Zingiber officinale essential oils could be used against biofilm

Klebsiella aquired infections.
PHARMACOGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF THE LEAF OF Rhus succedanea VAR. HIMALAICA. J. D HOOKER
Authors: Khan Shafqat Ali , Ibrar Muhammad , - Barkatullah
Published: March 2017

Background: Rhus succedanea is generally traded, distributed and sold in the markets in its crude and raw form. This may have been

mixed with adulterants, mismanaged by malpractices and substituted with other closely related drugs having different effect. This study

is therefore carried out to authenticate the plant through pharmacogonostic evaluations.

Material & Methods: The organoleptic studies were carried through sensory organs i.e size, shape, texrure, odour, etc. Histological

studies were conducted by preparing hand slides, mounting the specimen in potato tuber; fluorescence characters were determined

through UV and phytochemical screening was investigated using various standard and common methods from relevant literature.

Results: Morphologically, the Rhus is a perennial small sized deciduous tree, 5–9 m tall with opposite imparipinnately compound leaves

and small grayish yellow flowers born on paniculate inflorescence; locally, called as Rakhkal in Pashto and Kakarsingi in Urdu. The

organoleptic evaluation showed leaf had pleasant, aromatic odour and astringent taste. Transverse section of leaf through midrib region

was worked out. The anatomy of the midrib has shown to be surrounded by both upper and lower epidermis with multicellular nonglandular

trichomes. The leaf was hypostomatic showing anomocytic stomata with average stomatal number 27.1 ± 7.2 and stomatal

index 14 ± 3.63. The average vein islet, vein termination and palisade ratios were 13.6 ± 3.04, 10.21 ± 1.92 and 6 ± 2.01 respectively.

Leaf powder showed the existance of anomocytic stomata, spirally thickened xylem vessels, non-glandular multicellular and stellate

trichomes. Fluorescence study and percent extractive values was also carried out. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of

carbohydrates, protein, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids and anthraquenones, while tannins and fixed oil was not detected.

Quantitatively highest amount of alkaloids 16% and flavonoids 19% in leaf was detected.

Conclusion: The results of the of the anatomical, organoleptic and physiochemical studies of the powder of leaf will be helpful in

standardization of R. succedanea the crude drug.
STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TRIPTOLIDE AND BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN (BSA) BY SPECTROSCOPIC AND MOLECULAR MODELING METHODS
Authors: Wang Haidong , Shi Hailang , Pang Jie , Song Xingfa , Xu Caiyun , Sun Zengxian
Published: March 2017

Background: Triptolide is a major active constituent isolated from Tripterygiumwilfordii Hook F, a Chinese herbal medicine. This

study investigated the intermolecular interaction between triptolide and bovine serum albumin (BSA).

Materials and Methods: The fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and molecular docking methods were used to investigate the

intermolecular interaction between triptolide and BSA. The binding constant, the number of binding sites, binding subdomain and

the thermodynamic parameters were measured.

Results: The results of this experiment revealed that the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA was effectively quenched by triptolide via

static quenching. The experimental results of synchronous fluorescence and CD spectra showed that the conformation of BSA was

changed in the presence of triptolide.

Conclusion: It indicated that triptolide could spontaneously bind on site II (subdomain IIIA) of BSA mainly via hydrogen bonding

interactions and Van der Waals force.
EMODIN EFFICACY ON THE AKT, MAPK, ERK AND DNMT EXPRESSION PATTERN DURING DMBA-INDUCED ORAL CARCINOMA IN GOLDEN SYRIAN HAMSTERS
Authors: Manimaran Asokan , Manoharan Shanmugam , Neelakandan Mani
Published: March 2017

Background: The present study has evaluated the Emodin efficacy on the Akt, MAPK, ERK and DNMT expression pattern during

7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced oral carcinoma in golden Syrian hamsters, in order to explore its antitumor

potential.

Materials and methods: Oral tumors were developed in the buccal pouches of golden Syrian hamsters using the carcinogen,

DMBA.

Results: While the incidence of tumor formation was 100% in hamsters treated with DMBA alone, the tumor formation was not

noticed in DMBA+ Emodin treated hamsters. Also, Emodin reduced the severity of precancerous pathological lesions such as

dysplasia, in the hamsters treated with DMBA. Emodin administration corrected the abnormalities in the expression pattern of Akt,

MAPK, ERK and DNMT in the buccal mucosa of hamsters treated with DMBA.

Conclusions: The present study thus suggests that the tumor preventive potential of Emodin is partly related to its modulating effect

on the Akt, MAPK, ERK and DNMT expression pattern, as these molecular markers have a pivotal role in the process of cell

proliferation, inflammation, invasion, and apoptosis.
IMMUNO-MODULATORY PROPERTIES OF PREBIOTICS EXTRACTED FROM Vernonia amygdalina
Authors: Ezeonu I.M. , Asuquo A.E. , Ukwah B.N. , Ukoha P.O.
Published: March 2017

Background: Vernonia amygdalina, commonly called bitter-leaf, is widely consumed in many parts of Africa, and Nigeria, in

particular. The leaf extract has been reported to have antimicrobial, anti-plasmodial, anti-helminthic, as well as prebiotic properties,

but its immuno-modulatory effects have not been well-studied, neither have the prebiotics been identified. This study evaluated the

immuno-modulatory properties of the aqueous leaf extract and identified the prebiotic components.

Methods: The immuno-modulatory potential was evaluated by monitoring the effects of oral administration of the extract on

immunological, haematological and lipid profiles of Rattus norvegicus, while the prebiotic components were identified by thin layer

chromatography (TLC), following liquid-liquid fractionation of the extract.

Results: Consumption of the extract caused significant increases in CD4+-, white blood cell-, total lymphocyte- and high density

lipid (HDL) counts; decreases in low density lipid (LDL) and triglycerides and no significant effect on haemoglobin (Hb) and

packed cell volume (PCV) in the blood of test animals. The water-soluble fraction of the extract contained most of the phytoconstituents

of the extract and Thin Layer Chromatographic analysis of the fraction revealed the presence of fructo-oligosaccharide

and galacto-oligosaccharide prebiotics.

Conclusion: The results from this study have shown that the aqueous leaf extract of V. amygdalina has positive immune-modulatory

and haematologic effects and contains some important prebiotic compounds.
THE SERUM PROTEIN FRACTIONS IN THYMOQUINONE TREATED RATS
Authors: GÃ¼llÃ¼ A , Dede S
Published: March 2017

Background: TQ has been used as treatment and preventive agent for many diseases over the years. The goal of this study was to

investigate the effects of TQ supplement on fractions of serum proteins.

Materials and methods: Fourteen male Wistar-Albino rats (200-250 g weight) were used as material for two groups; (control (C)

and thymoquinone (TQ) respectively. Each group contained seven rats. The control group had only corn oil, while the TQ group was

dissolved in corn oil. 30 mg/kg/day were given by oral gavage for four weeks. The serum protein fractions were identified using

cellulose acetate technique.

Results: The total protein level and albumin, α-1, α-2 fractions and A/G ratio have showed no difference between groups (p>0.05).

β-globulin fractions of TQ group were higher than control’s (p
EVALUATION OF THE ACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF Aster tataricus L. F.
Authors: Peng Wen-jing , Xin Rui-hua , Luo Yong-jiang , Ge Liang , Ren Li-hua , Liu Yan , Wang Gui-bo , Zheng Ji-fang
Published: March 2017

Backgr ound: Aster tataricus L. f. is used as a traditional Chinese drug to relieve cough and asthma symptoms and to eliminate

phlegm. However, Aster tataricus L. f. possesses toxicity, and little systematic research has been conducted on its toxic effects in the

laboratory.

Methods and Materials: The acute group was administered 75% alcohol extract of Aster tataricus L. f. in a single dose. A

subchronic toxicity study was performed via daily oral administration of Aster tataricus L. f. at a dose of 0.34 g/kg body weight in

SD rats. The rats were divided into six groups: a petroleum ether extract (PEA) group, an ethyl acetate extract (EEA) group, an

n-butyl alcohol extract (NEA) group, a remaining lower aqueous phases (REA) group, a 75% alcohol extract (AEA) group and a

control group. Quantitative measurements of cytokines were obtained by fluorescence with a laser scanner using a Cy3 equivalent

dye.

Results: The LD50 of the 75% alcohol extract of Aster tataricus L. f. was 15.74 g/kg bw. In the subchronic toxicity study, no

significant differences were observed among groups in relative organ weights, urine traits, liver antioxidase levels, or cytokine levels.

However, significant sporadic differences were observed in body weight gains, haematology indices, biochemistry values, and

histopathology features in PEA, EEA group. In addition, sporadic changes in other groups in measures such as WBC, MCHC, CK,

ALP, AST, ALT, LDH, T-BIL, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TC were observed.

Conclusion: The toxicity study showed that Aster tataricus L. f. can produce toxic effects, mainly on the liver; much less on the

heart. The LD50 was 15.74 g/kg BW in mice, and the subchronic toxicity study, used a dosage of 0.34 g/kg/d.BW, showed that the

toxic components of Aster tataricus L. f. were mainly concentrated in the petroleum ether fraction, followed by the ethyl acetate

fraction, the n-butyl alcohol fraction, the lower aqueous phase and the 75% ethanol extracts.
PHARMACEUTICAL EVALUATION AND TOXICOLOGICAL QUANTIFICATION OF HEAVY METALS AND ADULTERATED ALLOPATHIC CONTENTS IN RAWAND FINISHED DOSAGE FORM OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE HERBAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asif , Badshah Amir , Shahid Muhammad
Published: March 2017

Background: Herbal products of questionable quality create major concern for human population since their production is often not

controlled and regulated.

Material and Methods: Antihypertensive herbal products were subjected to pharmaceutical quality control parameters specified in

Pharmacopoeias, toxic quantification of heavy metals by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer and adulterated allopathic

contents were quantified using advanced HPLC techniques.

Results: A lot of variations in pharmaceutical parameters like moisture contents and LOD% values were observed. Also deviations

to a greater extent in weight variation, (P1, P2, P6, P12, P16, P17, P19, and P20), and hardness of the tablets of products (P1, P3, P8

and P11) were found. Friability of tablets of the Products (P3, P9 and P11) was found failed. Heavy metals i-e Fe (1597.20ppm,

1648ppm) in P5, P9, Pb (61.32ppm, 16.59 ppm) in P5, Cr (96.91ppm ,108.48 ppm) in P4, P14, Cd (39.53ppm, 32.31 ppm) in P11,

P12, Cu (28.22ppm, 21.04 ppm) in P15, P17, Zn (80.31ppm,76.27 ppm) in P15, P16, Ni (45.46ppm,22.18ppm) in P9, P13 in toxic

concentrations were detected. Adulterated allopathic contents of Amlpdopine in higher quantities, administered according to

manufacturer dose were found in P12 (20.30 mg/day), Verapamil in P2 (93.50 mg/day), Nifedipine (38.65 mg/day) in P6. Products

P4, P5 and P7 were found to have a combination of Amlodipine and Hydrochlorothiazide and higher concentrations were found in

P5 (10.72 mg/day, 24.75 mg/day).

Conclusion:. The antihypertensive herbal products contained different kind of adulterants. Our findings suggest that effective

regulatory measures should be put in place to address this problem. This will help to decrease the toxic effects of these remedies and

increase the commercialization, internationalization and harmonization of antihypertensive herbal products.
Highlighting Tribal Tourism Potentials of Southern Rajasthan
Authors: Verma Suneeta , Murdia Madhu
Published: March 2017

Tribes are very mysterious; everything about them is still unexplored and unspoiled.  This research paper highlights potential for the promotion of tribal tourism and various tribes inhabiting in these tribal areas. Further it discusses a strategy to develop a new tourism product to match up with the growing expectations of the tourists in southern Rajasthan. For this, various tourism potentials like their history culture, costume, cuisine etc. have been studied. Further in this paper it has been discussed that tribal tourism is responsible for the positive image building and exploring the unidentified locations of our beautiful and multifaceted state. These days’ tourists are in thrust for new experiences, innovations and adventures. It would be wrong to underestimate that tourists are not willing to experience new cultures and face new challenges of these mysterious tribes.

Before writing this paper extensive literature review has been done. The literature review was divided into 3 phases. It consists of extensive survey of literature, profiling the entertainment possibilities for the tourists and finally providing a strategy for the development of tribal tourism in Rajasthan.
Complementary Feeding Knowledge, Practices, and Dietary Diversity among Mothers of Under-Five Children in an Urban Community in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Olatona, MBBS, MPH, FMCPH Foluke Adenike , Adenihun, MBBS Jesupelumi Oreoluwa , Aderibigbe, MBBS, MPH, FWACP Sunday Adedeji , Adeniyi, MBBS, FMCPaed Oluwafunmilayo Funke
Published: March 2017

Background and Objectives: Inappropriate complementary feeding is a major cause of child malnutrition and death. This study determined the complementary feeding knowledge, practices, minimum dietary diversity, and acceptable diet among mothers of under-five children in an urban Local Government Area of Lagos State, Southwest Nigeria.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Eti-Osa area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 355 mothers and infants. Data was collected using a pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire and 24-hour diet recall was used to assess dietary diversity. Data was analyzed using Epi-Info.Results: Knowledge of complementary feeding was low (14.9%) and was associated with older mothers’ age, being married, and higher level of education. The prevalence of timely initiation of complementary feeding (47.9%), dietary diversity (16.0%) and minimum acceptable diet for children between 6 and 9 months (16%) were low. Overall, appropriate complementary feeding practice was low (47.0%) and associated with higher level of mothers’ education and occupation.Conclusions and Global Health Implications: Complementary feeding knowledge and practices were poor among mothers of under-5 especially the non-literate. Reduction of child malnutrition through appropriate complementary feeding remains an important global health goal. Complementary feeding education targeting behavioral change especially among young, single and uneducated mothers in developing countries is important to reduce child morbidity and mortality.Key words: Complementary Feeding • Infant Feeding • Infant and Child Health • Mothers of Under-five Children • PediatricsCopyright © 2017 Olatona et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
An Analytical Model Predicts Pressure Increase During Waste Water Injection to Prevent Fracturing and Seismic Events
Authors: Jin Lu , Wojtanowicz Andrew K. , Ge Jun
Published: March 2017

In recent years, nationally, an average of 193 magnitude ≥3 earthquakes per year were recorded in 2009–2014, with 688 occurring in 2014 alone, swarms of quakes have continued since then. The increased seismicity is limited to a few areas where there with deep injection of fluids from nearby oil and gas operations. Although most injection operations do not cause earthquakes, numerous field cases have shown steady increase of pressure during the produced water re-injection (PWRI) process. This study provides an analytical method for predicting pressure increase during oily water injection and the rock failure conditions for seismic events.

The model derives from mass balance of oil phase in the oil water mixture while considering the oil capture effects by advection, dispersion and adsorption inside the rock. The time-dependent advancement of trapped oil saturation is determined by solving the governing equation for initial condition of oil-free rock and boundary condition of constant oil concentration in the injection water. Also explained and modeled is the effect of oil saturation on the stick/slip rock resistance and the rock strength.

In the oil capture process, size of the near-well zone of trapped oil increases with time – so does the injection pressure. The model predicts maximum oil saturation, size of trapped oil zone and injection pressure increase vs. time. The model is verified by matching laboratory data from core flooding runs. Results show that even a small oil concentration (<500 ppm) could deposit a 10% residual oil bank around the wellbore that would reduce water injectivity by more than 70% and increase injection pressure by 2000 psi. Moreover, the model confirms field observations of the initial rapid increase of oil invasion and injection pressure. Although the injection pressure may eventually stabilize, the process of internal rock "lubrication" with oil would continue.

Two effects may contribute to the rock slippage during the injection process: (1) the trapped oil droplets reduce internal friction in the rock thus lowering its shear strength; and, (2) water injection increases the pore pressure resulting in lower effective stress of the rock. These effects enhance slippage along existing natural fractures and might also initiate new fractures –causing induced seismicity. Results showed that even low injection rates (300 bpd) could trigger earthquake because injection pressure in the near-wellbore region could easily exceed the minimum principal stress (MPS), facilitating the opening of fractures perpendicular to the MPS direction.

The model provides a useful analytical tool to be coupled with geo-mechanical limitations to assess the risk of long-term injection of large volume of produced water. Mechanism and critical conditions for seismic event are described and a method to find geo-mechanical limitations is outlined.