bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Droits fondamentaux et hospitalité
Authors: Cavalié Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2016

L’accueil des migrants et réfugiés montre que dire la loi n’est plus ouvrir des droits. De nouvelles attitudes sont à développer chez les militants de l’hospitalité : la désobéissance civile, la défense des droits premiers que sont la dignité, la circulation et l’établissement, qui sont hiérarchiquement supérieurs au droit de propriété. Il faut chercher à développer les capabilités des personnes accueillies et se soucier de l’effectivité des droits reconnus. Cela implique de chercher à développer le « bien vivre ensemble ». Il n’y a pas à distinguer de motifs économiques, politiques, climatiques de migration. Les pratiques d’hospitalité qui se font jour un peu partout concernent toutes les victimes de l’exclusion sociale, y compris locales.
Le génocide des Amérindiens d’Amazonie brésilienne
Authors: Caubet Christian G.
Published: October 2016

Les politiciens brésiliens, au nom du « développement », laissent envahir par les forestiers et les nouveaux ruraux les terres dont l’usage est garanti aux Amérindiens par la constitution de 1988. Les violences contre les Amérindiens sont permanentes, et les assassinats, objet d’une recension officielle, sont sous-évalués. Les pratiques génocidaires sont liées au maintien du paradigme colonial qui fait de l’expansion territoriale la condition de la croissance.
Racisme et terrorisme environnemental au Maranhão
Authors: van Deursen Varga István , Caubet Christian G.
Published: October 2016

Les provocations violentes des forestiers contre les autochtones se sont multipliées en 2010 sur la frontière orientale de la forêt amazonienne. Le gouvernement a envoyé la police et l’armée rétablir l’ordre en 2013. La mise sous tutelle politico-administrative des autochtones favorise la discrimination par l’ensemble des institutions. Fin 2015, l’élection d’un gouverneur de l’état communiste, donc développementiste, autorise la reprise des violences contre les autochtones et le redémarrage des feux de forêt. Plus que de développementisme, il faut parler de croissancisme, de passion de faire croître l’exploitation à toutes les échelles, notamment par de grands projets subordonnant l’action de l’État aux intérêts privés.
Stratégies amérindiennes en Guyane française
Authors: Tiouka Alexis
Published: October 2016

Décimés par la colonisation sur le littoral, puis par la ruée vers l’or dans l’intérieur, les Amérindiens ne sont devenus français qu’en 1960. La revendication autochtone de souveraineté culturelle et territoriale est apparue en 1984 (après la scolarisation d’une génération) dans un manifeste dont nous reprenons de larges extraits. L’Organisation des Nations Unies lui permet de se joindre à celle des autres peuples autochtones. Mais la reconnaissance de l’autochtonie se heurte au principe unitaire de la République française. Des droits d’usage sont cependant accordés sur certains territoires et une représentation propre aux collectivités territoriales à majorité de population autochtone est à l’étude.
La lutte contre la cybercriminalité : de l’abondance de la norme à sa perfectibilité
Authors: Pereira Brigitte
Published: October 2016

Le développement des réseaux de communication, la généralisation d’Internet, de même que l’accès facilité et continu aux informations sensibles au sein des entreprises, ont conduit à l’accroissement de la cybercriminalité. Si la criminalité est inhérente aux sociétés, elle n’en demeure pas moins une problématique quant à son évolution : liée au développement économique des espaces terrestre, maritime et aérien, elle l’est désormais aussi à celui du cyberespace. C’est la raison pour laquelle la lutte contre la cybercriminalité a fait l’objet d’un développement normatif dense. Toutefois, la norme de nature répressive, même très développée, recouvre une certaine relativité quant à son efficacité. Alors qu’il existe une multitude d’infractions commises dans le cyberespace, la détermination des responsabilités comporte des difficultés, qu’il s’agisse des hébergeurs, des fournisseurs d’accès à Internet ou des éditeurs. Par ailleurs, parce que cette délinquance recouvre une dimension mondiale, la localisation des actes suscite des débats sur l’application de la territorialité du cybercrime. Compte tenu des difficultés spécifiques à appréhender ce type de délinquance affectant fortement le secteur économique, la coopération internationale est présentée comme un moyen efficace de l’enrayer. Or, le développement de la coopération internationale est conditionné.
Factores determinantes de la satisfacción laboral en España en la crisis de 2008
Authors: Sánchez-Sellero María Carmen , Sánchez-Sellero Pedro
Published: October 2016

Purpose: We try to find out differences between personal and job-related features to know which better explain job satisfaction. This study is made in a year of economic growth and in two years of economic crisis, in order to determine if the economic crisis affects to previous results.Design/methodology: The data are from the Quality of Labour Life Survey by the Ministry of Employment and Social Security in Spain, in 2007, 2009 and 2010. We use linear models (ANOVA), principal component analysis and stepwise multiple regression. The variables are degree of satisfaction with the current job and a group of personal variables (gender, age and education level) and job-related variables (with a maximum of 14 variables depending on the method).Findings: Using linear models get the variables related to work which provide better results to explain job satisfaction, and after a stepwise regression made with factors of principal component analysis, we find out that salary is one of the last factors in this explanation. The variables that influence on job satisfaction do not depend on the economic cycle, although the hierarchies are different among them.Social implications: During the crisis, the demands of workers are lower because they prefer to have a job with low working conditions and low salary than lose their job. Reducing the degree of satisfaction with stability and wages is due to the economic situation, because labour contracts are less stable and remunerated.Originality/value: We have compared the results of stepwise regression made with the original variables and the factors of principal component analysis. The combination of these methodologies is new in studies of job satisfaction, as well as the original combination of 14 variables related to work.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Imaging of Congenital Retinal Macrovessel
Authors: Chawla Rohan , Bypareddy Ravi , Tripathy Koushik , Daggumili Satya Sudha , Tomar Ankit Singh
Published: October 2016

Congenital retinal macrovessels (CRM) are rarely reported, aberrant, large branches of retinal vessels that can be both arteries and veins; however, they are more commonly veins that cross the horizontal raphe to either supply or drain the macula. In this brief report, the authors discuss optical coherence tomography angiography features of CRM in a 12-year-old male patient presenting with low visual acuity in the right eye since childhood. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first such report published in the literature.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:972–973.]
Dynamic Imaging of a Pigmented Free-Floating Vitreous Cyst
Authors: Grewal Dilraj S. , Fekrat Sharon
Published: October 2016

The authors present an incidentally noted pigmented anterior vitreous cyst in an asymptomatic male adult. Observation was elected. Stability during the course of 2 years and mobility of the vitreous cyst using dynamic imaging are demonstrated.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:975–977.]
Catálogo de los áfidos (Hemiptera, Aphididae) de Chile, con plantas hospedadoras y distribuciones regional y provincial
Authors: Nieto Nafría Juan M. , Fuentes-Contreras Eduardo , Castro Colmenero Marta , Aldea Piera Marta , Ortego Jaime , Mier Durante M. Pilar
Published: October 2016

Se han revisado críticamente las citas en Chile de especies y subespecies de áfidos (Aphididae) contenidas en 139 contribuciones científicas. Se añaden citas de numerosas especies a partir de especímenes de las colecciones del Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (París, Francia), del Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG) (Santiago de Chile, Chile), del Natural History Museum (Londres, Reino Unido), de las universidades de León (España) y Talca (Chile) y de J. Ortego (Mendoza, Argentina). El catálogo afídico chileno queda formado por 169 especies y subespecies, quedando excluidas de él Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus, Aphis medicaginis, Aphis rumicis, Dysaphis apiifolia petroselini, Lipaphis erysimi y Uroleucon aaroni. Se citan por primera vez en América del Sur Aphis rubicola, Brachycaudus amygdalinus e Illinoia pepperi. Se citan por primera vez en Chile Aphis forbesi, Aphis senecionicoides, Hyadaphis passerini, Hyperomyzus carduellinus, Illinoia azaleae, Neotoxoptera oliveri y Pentalonia nigronervosa. Se dan más de un centenar de primeras citas regionales o provinciales de especies. Se presenta por primera vez la relación de plantas hospedadoras de los pulgones citados en el país. Se comentan las composiciones de las afidofaunas regionales y provinciales. Se ofrece una valoración de los componentes alóctono y autóctono de la afidofauna chilena.
El negro en la Real Audiencia de Quito (Ecuador)
Authors: Tardieu Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2016

Dado que, desde el punto de vista jurídico, se consideraba a los esclavos como bienes semovientes, resultaría imposible saber quién fue el primer negro que pisó el suelo de la Audiencia de Quito. Sin embargo lo que sí se puede afirmar es que los negros vieron con los mismos españoles las costas del Ecuador.En el territorio de la Real Audiencia de Quito, desde los primeros decenios de la Colonia hasta la época nacional, el negro no dejó de luchar por la libertad, Héroes negros surgieron de ese ideal, Francisco Carrillo en las luchas de Tumbaviro a comienzos del siglo XIX. Alonso de Illescas, quien consiguió proteger a los suyos de la dominación española en la república zamba de Esmeraldas.Este libro echa una mirada amplia al negro en el territorio de la Real Audiencia de Quito desde la Conquista hasta el siglo XVIII e incluso el XIX.
La ciudad de los cholos
Authors: Soruco Sologuren Ximena
Published: October 2016

Este libro analiza la ambigüedades, contradicciones y búsqueda de alternativas de ascenso y reconocimiento social incrustadas en la construcción repubicanan del mestizaje y su vertiente chola. Es decir, se piensa la colonialidad desde el ángulo no resuelto del mestizaje, porque son los mestizos y cholos quienes también, que acaba siendo su propia negación. El mestizaje es una manifestación de la jerarquía social basada en criterios étnicos, un modelo colonial de ascenso que no fue real : nunca se era suficientemente indígenas y cholos borrados para ser un igual. De ahí que durante los siglos XIX y XX se forma un segmento cholo heterogéneo, que logra intergrase al mercado, en algunos casos acumular riqueza y afirmar sus propios criterios de movilidas frente a la exclusión del Estado y la cuidas. Este es un caso único en los Andes, que contribuye a la emergencia popular de la Revolución Nacional de 1952 y a la indígena de esta periodo, porque cuestiona el modelo de asimilación cultural impuesto desde arriba.
Francisco Pizarro
Authors: Lavallé Bernard
Published: October 2016

Francisco Pizarro (1478?-1541), figura central de la Conquista española, como Cortés en México, entró tardíamente en la Historia, cuando a más de cincuenta años descubrió el Perú y sus fabulosas riquezas.Hijo bastardo de un militar hidalgo adinerado y de una criada, Pizarro nació y se crió pobre en Estremadura y fue analfabeto toda su vida. Muy joven, se dejó llevar por los espejismos del Nuevo Mundo descubierto apenas unos diez años atrás. Después de dos décadas de andanzas infructuosas en zonas marginales del imperio en formación, la fortuna la sonríe: dirige su propia expedición rumbo al mítico Perú. En tres ocasiones, conduce a sus hombres con férrea voluntad, sin flaquear. La búsqueda habría de durar varios años.Cuando finalmente el sueño se hace realidad, en algunos meses Pizarro y su hueste someten a sangre y fuego el Imperio de los incas. El bastardo, que trata ahora directamente con Carlos V, es nombrado Marqués y ya está a la cabeza de un inmenso territorio que dirige en provecho propio, de sus hermanos y de sus leales.Sin embargo, las rivalidades y los odios acabarán con esa suerte sin percedente. Menos de diez años después, Pizarro muere a manos de los partidarios de su socio y rival asesinado, Diego de Almagro. Con él se extinguiría la edad de oro de los conquistadores, ante el creciente intervencionismo de la Corona celosa y temerosa del éxito y nuevo poder de esos hombres salidos de la nada.En este libro, el recorrido vital de Pizarro sirve de hilo conductor para reflexionar sobre los mecanismos de la Conquista, los hombres que la llevaron a cabo, sus relaciones complejas y contradictorias, los medios de que disponían, sus objetivos y sus evoluciones a lo largo de esos años de sangre y horror para los pueblos indígenas.
ICTs for Agricultural Development and Food Security in Developing Nations
Authors: Suchiradipta Bhattacharjee , Saravanan Raj
Published: October 2016

Development has many faces and complete wellbeing of human population is the most important one of them which in more than one ways involves agriculture and the farming population. Providing needed information at the right time to the rural population is the first step in their empowerment and ICTs can play an immensely important role in providing that information by increasing the dialogue between development professionals and rural people at every stage of development process. According to recent statistics released by ITU, over the last 15 years, ICTs have grown in unprecedented ways providing huge opportunities for social and economic development and this growth can be an advantage to rural advisory services. Providing correct and personalized information needs expert opinions and so multi-stakeholder engagement makes the process more efficient and ICTs provide a very unique and important platform for such collaboration, thus bringing together different stakeholders for efficient partnership. The various tools and technologies can also be tailored according to the needs of end users. But inspite of the advantages, ICTs can only be universally accepted and used when the challenges of accessibility, acceptability, funding, and sustainability are overcome. There are no formula for sure success with ICTs and situation is the best determinant of the strategy to be used and so, a balanced and strategic use of ICTs depending on the clients' needs can best utilize its potential for agricultural development and food security in developing nations.
Appropriate and Sustainable Plant Biotechnology Applications for Food Security in Developing Economies
Authors: de Gannes Vidya , Borroto Carlos G.
Published: October 2016

Appropriate plant biotechnology applications could be a major tool in the fight against hunger and poverty, especially in developing economies. Some promising results have already been reported through a range of biotechnology applications, for example the mass propagation of plants through in vitro clonal propagation, use of molecular markers and marker assisted breeding to improve plant breeding, use of bio-products and the application of molecular techniques for quick and accurate diagnosis of plant diseases. Thus, biotechnology may have the potential to deliver solutions to some of the shortcomings of the green revolution such as the limitations of conventional breeding, poor quality and insufficient quantity of planting materials available to farmers and the negative environmental consequences of high usage of inorganic pesticides and fertilizers. This chapter will elaborate the successful application of these technologies for sustainable agriculture and food security in developing economies. It is envisaged that through partnership between developing and developed economies, and assistance from international organizations and governments, capacity can be developed for developing economies to achieve the full potential of biotechnology and sustainability.
Farm Security for Food Security
Authors: Isaac Wendy-Ann , Ganpat Wayne , Joseph Michael
Published: October 2016

Agricultural production in the Caribbean is being threatened by many factors such as decreasing availability of arable land, climate change effects such as increased incidences of flooding and drought, labour shortages, and competition from importers. However, one of the most important threats to agricultural production is the often under-recognised and under-reported area of farm theft (referred to as praedial larceny in the Caribbean). It involves the theft of agricultural produce (crops, livestock and fisheries) and farm equipment. One of the main reasons why this threat is so important is that theft of this type is very hard to prove. If indeed perpetrators are caught, and prosecuted successfully, the penalty is practically negligible. This paper examines the current status of farm theft in the Caribbean region, explores some of the main factors influencing farm theft, reviews some of the strategies attempted in the Caribbean and other places around the world and makes several suggestions to create a more secure food region. While the discussion calls on food producers to take several best practice actions to mitigate losses to praedial larceny, it emphasises that the primary responsibility is with government-led actions in the areas of modernised policies, updated laws and enhanced enforcement efforts.
Combining Static Code Analysis and Machine Learning for Automatic Detection of Security Vulnerabilities in Mobile Apps
Authors: Pistoia Marco , Tripp Omer , Lubensky David
Published: October 2016

Mobile devices have revolutionized many aspects of our lives. Without realizing it, we often run on them programs that access and transmit private information over the network. Integrity concerns arise when mobile applications use untrusted data as input to security-sensitive computations. Program-analysis tools for integrity and confidentiality enforcement have become a necessity. Static-analysis tools are particularly attractive because they do not require installing and executing the program, and have the potential of never missing any vulnerability. Nevertheless, such tools often have high false-positive rates. In order to reduce the number of false positives, static analysis has to be very precise, but this is in conflict with the analysis' performance and scalability, requiring a more refined model of the application. This chapter proposes Phoenix, a novel solution that combines static analysis with machine learning to identify programs exhibiting suspicious operations. This approach has been widely applied to mobile applications obtaining impressive results.
Is Collaboration Important at All Stages of the Biotechnology Product Development Process?
Authors: Beaudry Catherine
Published: October 2016

Using the four Biotechnology Uses and Development surveys of Statistics Canada, the chapter examine the importance of collaborating with firms and public institutions at various stages of product development, from research and development to clinical trials and then on to production and commercialization. The models examine the propensity to have products at a particular stage of development using instrumental variables probit regressions. This chapter finds that while small firms do not benefit from collaborating with firms at the research and development stage, during the clinical trials and in the production phases, collaborating with firms has a strong positive effect. The factors that affect the R&D phase are R&D expenditures, an important IP strategy, revenues from contracts and to some extent contracting out some innovation activities. In later stages of the development process, the number of patents and the diversity of the biotechnology employment team play a more crucial role.
The Competitive and Comparative Advantages Effectively Fostered by National Innovation Systems
Authors: Ponce Silvia Ivonne , Bustamante Mauricio Poblete , Bas Tomas Gabriel
Published: October 2016

The concept of National Innovation Systems (NIS) has extensively been applied to biotechnology and shaped the industry. This chapter aims to analyze and discuss the concept, its structure, configuration and prescriptive character, as well as the underlying competitive and comparative advantage assumptions. Its purpose is to provide a factual account of deployment efforts, and to highlight the challenges encountered with its implementation. To this end, an in-depth exploratory study of the berries sector in the Maule Region has been performed. Data were collected from NIS actors (academia, industry and government), inputs (funding R&D projects), outcomes of innovation activities (academic publications) and exports. The open source software VOSviewer version 1.5.4 was used to extract and analyze scientific publications on berries from Web of Science®. The relevance of links, interactions and implications are highlighted. Also, theoretical and prescriptive approaches to NIS implementation and deployment are bridged.
Undergraduate and Postgraduate Education in Renewable Energy
Authors: Corkish Richard
Published: October 2016

This chapter explores how the University of New South Wales (UNSW) has undertaken silicon solar cell research since the mid-1970s and achieved world recognition in the 1980s. The UNSW solar cell research group has led international commercialisations and, since 2000, pioneered specialised undergraduate education in photovoltaics engineering. The Photovoltaics and Solar Energy undergraduate program is a unique four-year full-time Bachelor of Engineering program covering device theory; photovoltaic technology and manufacturing; photovoltaic applications and system design; policy, analysis, and modelling; renewable energy technologies; and sustainable energy. The related Renewable Energy Engineering program encompasses a broader range of renewable energy technologies including solar thermal systems, wind turbines, biomass, and also the important areas of solar architecture and energy efficiency. The School also offers four postgraduate coursework and two research programs in the same topics. In-house developed technical tools are used extensively in teaching and research.
A Reliability Test Installation for Water Heating Solar Systems
Authors: González-Prida Vicente , Raman Anthony
Published: October 2016

This chapter analyzes the requirements that a test installation design must comply with in order to carry out the test procedures of prefabricated systems mentioned in a previous chapter and based on the norm EN 12976. In other words, the authors consider for the test installation design, firstly, the requirements that the hydraulic circuit of such an installation must meet, followed by the specifications required by the custom-built systems; all of this has the aim of certifying that the characteristics of the prefabricated system are the applicable ones. Subsequently, the chapter then directly proceeds to design a test installation, which is to be later compared to a real installation.
Optical Nano-Antennas for Energy Harvesting
Authors: Obayya Salah , Areed Nihal Fayez Fahmy , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , Abdelrazik Mohamed Hussein
Published: October 2016

The solar energy is able to supply humanity energy for almost another 1 billion years. Optical nano-antennas (ONAs) are an attractive technology for high efficiency, and low-cost solar cells. These devices can be classified to semiconductor nano-wires and metallic nano-antenna. Extensive studies have been carried out on ONAs to investigate their ability to harvest solar energy. Inspired by these studies, the scope of the chapter is to highlight the latest designs of the two main types of ONAs. The metallic nano-antennas are discussed based on the following points: plasmon, modeling, and performance of antenna designs using different configurations and materials. Moreover, the semiconductor nano-wires are studied thoroughly in terms of photonic crystals, antenna design with different patterns, nano-wire forms and materials. Also, the applications of ONAs and their fabrication aspects such as diode challenges are presented in detail. Finally, three novel designs of ONAs are presented and numerically simulated to maximize the harvesting efficiency.
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation through Energy Efficiency
Authors: Osmani Ali Reja
Published: October 2016

Pursuant to the Thirteenth Conference of Parties to the UNFCCC held at Bali in 2007, based on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action plan, India has introduced its very own Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) called Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) market mechanism. The country has already achieved remarkable success in the renewable energy front. This chapter studied the existing policy regime of renewable energy and energy efficiency, and tried to understand how far the country practically can achieve the objective enshrined by PAT mechanism. This paper highlighted the background of the market based ETS, where various policies and legislation were put in place to provide energy efficient service and energy efficient system to the large energy intensive sectors of Indian economy. However it is not conducive to come to a conclusion regarding PAT's success or failure unless the First PAT cycle is completed, i.e. 2012-13 to 2014-15 compliance period is over.
Intelligent Bidding in Smart Electricity Markets
Authors: Foti Magda , Vavalis Manolis
Published: October 2016

This paper has two aims. Firstly, to briefly present overall objectives and expected outcome of an on-going effort concerning design, implementation and the analysis of next generation energy systems based on anticipatory control and a set of ICT emerging technologies and innovations. Secondly, to describe an early proof-of-concept implementation and the associated experimentation of a simulation platform focused on holistic detailed studies of electric energy markets. The proposed platform allows us to elucidate issues related to the open and smart participation of producers and consumers on large-scale e-markets. Based on an existing simulation system, the authors present the required theoretical studies, the enabling technologies, and the practical tools that contribute to the development of such a platform capable of truly large scale simulations. Elements of game theory are utilized to solve the optimization problem related to the maximization of the social welfare of producers and consumers. Selected simulation results associated with the basic required characteristics are presented.
Automatic Generation Control of Thermal-Thermal-Hydro Power Systems with PID Controller Using Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Kaliannan Jagatheesan , Baskaran Anand , Dey Nilanjan
Published: October 2016

In this work, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed for Load Frequency Control (LFC) of interconnected multi–area hydrothermal power systems. Area 1&2 are thermal power systems and area 3 is a hydro power system, all the areas are interconnected through the appropriate tie-line. Thermal and hydro power plants are applied with reheat turbine and electric governor respectively. Investigated power system initially applied with conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and controller parameters are optimized by using trial and error method considering Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) objective function. After that, the system is equipped with Proportional – Integral – Derivative (PID) controller and controller parameters are optimized by using ACO algorithm with ITAE objective function. The superiority of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated by comparing conventional controller. Finally, The Simulation results of multi-area power system prove the effectiveness of the proposed optimization technique in LFC scheme and show its superiority over conventional PI controller.
Intelligent Computing on the Basis of Cognitive and Event Modeling, and Its Application in Energy Security Research
Authors: Massel L. V. , Arshinsky V. L. , Massel A. G.
Published: October 2016

The paper considers the issues of implementation and application of intelligent computing on the basis of cognitive and event modeling in research on energy security. The authors suggest a two-level information technology for the research. The first level suggests a situation analysis using the intelligent computing techniques. The analysis results are then used to choose rational variants of energy development in Russia (or its regions). At the second level these variants are computed with the multi-agent software INTEC-M. Transition from the first to the second level is automated by the tools of deductive program synthesis, that are based on declarative descriptions, i.e. formulae of restricted predicate calculus, and representation of input data by XML files. Cognitive and event modeling is considered in more detail. The examples of cognitive and event models are presented. The structure of a knowledge space is developed to support the intelligent computations. The knowledge space includes ontological models, databases of cognitive and event models, and the database on the cases of energy emergency situations. The authors developed the CogMap and EventMap tools to support cognitive and event modeling on the basis of common graphical environment GirModeling, and the expert system “Emergency”. The tools and expert system that support the knowledge base on energy emergencies are integrated within the intelligent IT environment. The research presented in the paper was partially supported by the grant of Presidium of RAS No. 2.2-2012 and grants of Russian Foundation of Basic Research No. 10-07-00264, No. 11-07-00192, No. 11-07-00245, and No. 12-07-00359.
Application of Mathematical Modeling for the Secure and Intelligent Energy Infrastructure
Authors: Cai Tianxing
Published: October 2016

The unpredictable damage caused by potential attack and natural disaster may impact the operation of energy infrastructure, which is vital to local and national security. Thus, mathematical modeling based decision making tools become a must, because they can provide the scientific strategy to enhance the security and intelligence of energy infrastructure. In this chapter, the preliminary framework of a mathematical model is introduced. It includes the definition and characterization of energy network with the capability of self-recovery and the efficacy of the road map generation to handle the uncertainty of identified damage. The new methodology is the preliminary study for the future work in this field.
Adoption of Biomass Heating Systems
Authors: García-Maroto Inmaculada , Muñoz-Leiva Francisco
Published: October 2016

During the past decade, the European directives have been taking into consideration some compulsory objectives concerning the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (including biomass) within the European Union and its Member States. This chapter identifies the main socio-economic determinants that affect the adoption of biomass heating systems, as well as a description and listing of potential adopters of this type of systems in the European market. Based on the theories of adoption of innovations or of new systems and their personal factors, the practical was focused on potential adopters of biomass heating systems living in Spain, Germany, UK, France, Norway and Sweden. In particular, we conducted a cross-market segmentation of these countries. This study also includes interesting recommendations related to the commercialization and development of this type of heating for end-consumers.
Evaluation of Renewable Energy Alternatives Using Hesitant Fuzzy TOPSIS and Interval Type-2 Fuzzy AHP
Authors: Öztayşi Başar , Kahraman Cengiz
Published: October 2016

The selection among renewable energy alternatives is a fuzzy multicriteria problem with many conflicting criteria under uncertainty. In many decision-making problems, the Decision Makers (DM) define their preference in linguistic form since it is relatively difficult to provide exact numerical values during the evaluation of alternatives. Therefore, in many studies, fuzzy logic is successfully used to model this kind of uncertainty. In this chapter, the authors try to capture this uncertainty by using interval type-2 fuzzy sets and hesitant fuzzy sets. They propose a fuzzy multicriteria method for the evaluation of renewable energy alternatives, in which the priority weights of the criteria are determined by interval type-2 fuzzy AHP, and the alternatives are ranked using hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS. A case study is also given.
Energy Management Strategies to Improve Electrical Networks Using Storage Systems
Authors: Montero-Sousa Juan Aurelio , Fernández-Serantes Luis Alfonso , Casteleiro-Roca José-Luis , Vilar-Martínez Xosé Manuel , Calvo-Rolle Jose Luis
Published: October 2016

The successive energy crises, usually linked to the rising prices of oil, bring about new topics of the energy systems management in general terms. Over all, the electrical system is one of these cases. In addition, a greater concern for environmental issues has introduced, to a greater or lesser extent, the generation from renewable sources in the electrical system. In this context, the possibility of developing and using electricity storage systems would manage mismatches between generation and demand at electricity networks, making them more efficiently. In this research, we propose a number of possible strategies based on technical peak shaving and valley filling. The tool is used as energy storage systems in general terms, regardless of the accumulation technique used. The classification of strategies essentially serves two criteria: optimization service and increased profitability.
Tackling Climate Change through Educational Awareness
Authors: Drenner Karla
Published: October 2016

Utilizing renewable energy systems as an educational tool for students creates not only a source for clean energy; it also provides a tangible way to increase their knowledge about science. Education is an essential element in the response to climate change. Students play an important role in addressing the issues of our planet, of which climate change is paramount. This case study examines why Georgia House Resolution 689 (HR689) did not pass in its original legislative form. Further, the study addresses how Georgia Power's opposition was key to getting the resolution pulled from the Debate Calendar resulting in a privilege resolution substitute. Suggesting that in regions of the Deep South passing any declaration which expressly supports alternative energy initiatives that increase awareness of climate change will be met with stiff opposition.
Energy and Exergy Analysis on Gasification Processes
Authors: Gómez Edgardo Olivares , Neves Renato Cruz , Magalhães de Medeiros Elisa , Rezende Mylene Cristina Alves Ferreira
Published: October 2016

In recent years, attention has focused on exergy analysis, a type of thermodynamic analysis which is an important tool for the efficiency assessment and the processes optimization when dealing with energy conversion and, particularly, thermochemical processes such as gasification. Thus, this chapter aims to introduce the fundamental concepts of energy and exergy and describe the energy and exergy evaluation tools, elucidating its importance for calculations applied to gasification processes. A case study was performed to show the proposal of energy and exergy analysis. Therefore, a single global gasification chemical reaction was used to represent the gasification process. This analysis can provide a tool to assess and develop models, simulations, calculations, and to optimize real gasification processes. Information and experiences covered in this chapter help to be put into perspective the technology, research and overcoming of challenges.
Revolution of Energy Storage System in Smart Grids
Authors: Wong Jianhui , Lim Yun Seng
Published: October 2016

Electrical grid is no longer featured in a conventional way nowadays. Today, the growing of new technologies, primarily the distributed renewable energy sources and electric vehicles, has been integrated with the distribution networks causing several technical issues. As a result, the penetration of the renewable energy sources can be limited by the utility companies. Smart grid has been emerged as one of the solutions to the technical issues, hence allowing the usage of renewable and improving the energy efficiency of the electrical grid. The challenge is to develop an intelligent management system to maintain the balance between the generation and demand. This task can be performed by using energy storage system. As part of the smart grid, the deployment of energy storage system plays a critical role in stabilizing the voltage and frequency of the networks with renewable energy sources and electric vehicles. This book chapter illustrates the revolution and the roles of energy storage for improving the network performance.
Silver Coatings with Protective Transparent Films for Solar Concentrators
Authors: Muñoz Monserrat Gutiérrez , Bueno Jose de Jesus Perez , De León Ernesto González , Meas Yunny , Stremsdoerfer Guy
Published: October 2016

The use of solar energy as a renewable source is one of the most promising resources to generate electricity. The viability of concentrating solar power (CSP) systems depends on the development of highly reflective materials that are inexpensive and maintain their optical properties for extended lifetimes under outdoor environments. In this chapter, the implementation of flexible polymer substrates plated with silver by the Dynamic Chemical Plating technique (DCP) is proposed because of its low cost, and easy and rapid deposition, in addition to the high speed at which the deposit is made. However, the deposits made under this technique have certain nanoscale imperfections, which begin to exist certain permeability of substances that can stain the silver over time, so a study of this feature is performed, to help assess their durability.
Earth Long-Wave Infrared Emission, New Ways to Harvest Energy
Authors: Mescia Luciano , Bia Pietro , Losito Onofrio
Published: October 2016

This chapter summarizes the physical properties of THz antennas, provides a summary of some of the most important recent developments in the field of energy harvesting of Earth long-wave infrared radiation, discusses the potential applications and identifies the future challenges and opportunities. In particular, a THz antenna is designed in order to transform the thermal energy, provided by the Sun and re-emitted from the Earth, in electricity. The proposed antenna is a square spiral of gold printed on a low cost dielectric substrate. Simulations have been conducted in order to investigate the behavior of the antenna illuminated by a circularly polarized plane wave with an amplitude chosen according to the Stefan-Boltzmann radiation law. Moreover, these THz antennas could be coupled with other components to obtain direct rectification of T radiation. As a consequence, these structures further optimized could be a promising alternative to the conventional photovoltaic solar cells.
Automatic Determination of Pauses in Speech for Classification of Stuttering Disorder
Authors: Teixeira João Paulo , Fernandes Maria Goreti , Costa Rita Alexandra
Published: October 2016

An algorithm to automatically identify segments of silence or speech is presented. The algorithm was developed to measure the silence periods in spontaneous and read speech. These silence periods are one of the parameters used to know the degree of severity of stuttered speech. For this purpose the three longer disfluent events (pauses or other disfluent events) and also the percentage of silence are useful. The algorithm is based on the evaluation of the energy and the zero crossing rate of the signal compared to the threshold values previously determined in silence. One experiment with eight subjects is described using the Stuttering Severity Instrument for Children and Adults – SSI and the percentage of silence in speech. It was concluded that the percentage of silence is good enough to separate stuttered from the normal speech but alone is not capable of measuring the degree of severity of the stuttered speech.
Migrating from ISO/IEC 9126 to SQUARE
Authors: Estrella Paula , Tsourakis Nikos
Published: October 2016

When it comes to the evaluation of natural language systems, it is well acknowledged that there is a lack of common evaluation methodologies, making the fair comparison of such systems a difficult task. Many attempts to standardize this process have used a quality model based on the ISO/IEC 9126 standards. The authors have also used these standards for the definition of a weighted quality model for the evaluation of a medical speech translator, showing the relative importance of the system's features depending on the potential user (patient or doctor, developer). More recently, ISO/IEC 9126 has been replaced by a new series of standards, the 25000 or SQuaRE series, indicating that the model should be migrated to the new series in order to maintain compliance adherence to current standards. This chapter demonstrates how to migrate from ISO/IEC 9126 to ISO 25000 by using the authors' previous work as a use case.
Digital Medicine
Authors: Moumtzoglou Anastasius
Published: October 2016

Individualizing care must take into account the diversity of patient values and perspectives while attending to the specific needs of people must take into account the multifaceted nature of culture. Digital medicine enables digital proximity and self-care, challenges the traditional paternal model of medicine, reshapes the nature and expectations of health care delivery, emphasizes the active involvement of patients and has an enormous potential to empower patients. Moreover, the concepts of bio-objects, cultural competence, and patient-centered care could be apparently thought on a continuum with one pole representing the bio-objects and the other representing one of the health care quality dimensions, patient-centered care. All-embracing, digital medicine affects the core values of cultural competence, which are shared by patient-centered care, one of the health care quality dimensions.
We Can Trust without Data, But We Are Accountable Only through Measurement
Authors: Kazandjian Vahé A.
Published: October 2016

Traditional expectations about healthcare continue to be challenged by the umbrella concerns about accountability and trust. The core of this challenge is two-fold: healthcare providers have seen the absolute trust placed into their intentions and practices erode through the quantification of quality and safety of care, and, the recipients of care have been empowered with timely and specific data to demand accountability rather than unquestionably trust providers. The purpose of this chapter is to review the key dimensions of the operationalization of performance measurement and the translation of its findings to statements about quality and safety of care. The past four decades have seen the continuous discovery and refining of analytical tools to quantify what once was taken for granted: that patients always receive the best care possible. These tools have uncovered the probabilistic nature of medicine and the resulting nature of the relationships outcomes have to processes. Hence the expectations of patients, payers of care and policy makers require being continuously modified to reflect the limitations of medicine and healthcare. The education of various audiences as to what the measures mean not only is a necessary requisite for sound project design but also will determine how the accountability model is shaped in each environment based on the generic measurement tools results, local traditions of care and caring, and expectations about outcomes.
Human Figure as a Cultural Mediator in Architectural Drawings
Authors: Colonnese Fabio
Published: October 2016

In architectural drawings, human figures generally express the scale of design space. Their presence is supposed to be a sign of a particular sensibility toward human scale and needs and over the centuries, figures were capable of playing a number of different cultural roles. From the anthropomorphic attitudes of Renaissance architects to the Functionalists' diagrams, human figures have illustrated and mediated the cultural development of human environment. Even if architects maliciously used them to convey layered meanings into their architectural renderings, they are an implicit index of different ideas about men and women and express architects' ideological positions toward society often beyond their intents. This paper analyzes the use of human figures in architectural designs with a particular attention to the twentieth century, to the passage from the mechanical to the digital age, in which the diffusion of cut-and-paste procedure is changing and enhancing their use in the globalized architecture.
Geospatial Evaluation for Urban Agriculture Land Inventory
Authors: Parece Tammy E. , Campbell James B.
Published: October 2016

Urban agriculture is recently being recognized as a distinctive urban land use contributing to greenspaces and food security. The land inventory forms the critical first step in identifying sites for urban agriculture. The authors' analysis greatly expands on prior land inventory strategies, first analyzing land cover to identify all open areas available for siting urban agriculture. Then in GIS, the authors completed a land use suitability analysis, and finally a demographic analysis to assess potential sites for contribution to food security of lower income populations. Results show that Roanoke includes 2,312 hectares suitable for schoolyard gardens, urban farms, community gardens, orchards, and home gardens, of which 189.4 hectares are found in neighborhoods with extremely high rates of poverty. The authors' inventory strategy can be implemented elsewhere without special data or software. A detailed inventory offers opportunities for long-range planning, and broadening participation of stakeholders.
Services Derivation from Business Process
Authors: Chergui Mohamed El Amine , Benslimane Sidi Mohamed
Published: October 2016

Several approaches for services development in SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) suggest business processes as a starting point. However, there is a lack of systematic methods for services identification during business analysis. It is recognized that in service engineering, service identification plays a critical role as it lays the foundation for the later phases. Existing Service identification approaches are often prescriptive and mostly ignore automation principles, most are based on the architect's knowledge thus could result in non-optimal designs which results in complicated dependencies between services. In this paper the authors propose a top down approach to identify automatically services from business process by using several design metrics. This approach produces services from business processes as input and using an improved combinatorial particle swarm optimization algorithm with crossover of genetic algorithm. The experimentation denotes that the authors' approach achieves better results in terms of performance and convergence speed.