bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Comparison Between Monolithic, Core-Shell, and Totally Porous Particulate Columns for Application in Greener and Faster Chromatography
Authors: Ibrahim Adel Ehab , Hashem Hisham , Saleh Hanaa , Elhenawee Magda
Published: May 2018

Background: The introduction of monolithic rods and core-shell particles as new morphologies of packing materials different from the conventional totally porous particles resulted in a leap forward for performance in LC. Meanwhile, environmental safety has become increasingly important in many areas, especially in industry and research laboratories. Objective: This study compared the efficiencies of commercially available columns of different lengths and diameters when greener chromatographic conditions were utilized. The main purpose of this study is to help practitioners select the most appropriate stationary phase for faster and greener analysis. Methods: The three types of stationary phases were compared in terms of separation efficiency, number of theoretical plates, peak shape, selectivity, resolution, analysis time, mobile phase consideration, and permeability using six drug molecules. Results: Results indicated that core-shell and monolithic stationary phases had superiority over the conventional totally porous particles in terms of efficiency and speed of analysis. Monolithic rods had lower column backpressure and higher permeability, so they are more suitable for higher mobile phase flow rates and viscosities. However, core-shell particles provided enhanced peak shapes and number of theoretical plates. Conclusions: The choice will depend on the main purpose of analysis and the composition of the mobile phase. Compromise must be made to obtain the best trade-off between separation efficiency and analysis speed. Highlights: This study is the first to consider green chromatography concepts for the selection of the best stationary phase of new morphologies.
Three-Dimensional Pathology Specimen Modeling Using “Structure-From-Motion” Photogrammetry: A Powerful New Tool for Surgical Pathology
Authors: Turchini John , Buckland Michael E. , Gill Anthony J. , Battye Shane
Published: May 2018

Context.—

Three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry is a method of image-based modeling in which data points in digital images, taken from offset viewpoints, are analyzed to generate a 3D model. This modeling technique has been widely used in the context of geomorphology and artificial imagery, but has yet to be used within the realm of anatomic pathology.

Objective.—

To describe the application of a 3D photogrammetry system capable of producing high-quality 3D digital models and its uses in routine surgical pathology practice as well as medical education.

Design.—

We modeled specimens received in the 2 participating laboratories. The capture and photogrammetry process was automated using user control software, a digital single-lens reflex camera, and digital turntable, to generate a 3D model with the output in a PDF file.

Results.—

The entity demonstrated in each specimen was well demarcated and easily identified. Adjacent normal tissue could also be easily distinguished. Colors were preserved. The concave shapes of any cystic structures or normal convex rounded structures were discernable. Surgically important regions were identifiable.

Conclusions.—

Macroscopic 3D modeling of specimens can be achieved through Structure-From-Motion photogrammetry technology and can be applied quickly and easily in routine laboratory practice. There are numerous advantages to the use of 3D photogrammetry in pathology, including improved clinicopathologic correlation for the surgeon and enhanced medical education, revolutionizing the digital pathology museum with virtual reality environments and 3D-printing specimen models.
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Clinical Practice Guideline Focused Update
Authors: Wolff Antonio C. , Hammond M. Elizabeth Hale , Allison Kimberly H. , Harvey Brittany E. , Mangu Pamela B. , Bartlett John M.S. , Bilous Michael , Ellis Ian O. , Fitzgibbons Patrick , Hanna Wedad , Jenkins Robert B. , Press Michael F. , Spears Patricia A. , Vance Gail H. , Viale Giuseppe , McShane Lisa M. , Dowsett Mitchell
Published: May 2018

Purpose.—

To update key recommendations of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer guideline.

Methods.—

Based on the signals approach, an Expert Panel reviewed published literature and research survey results on the observed frequency of less common in situ hybridization (ISH) patterns to update the recommendations.

Recommendations.—

Two recommendations addressed via correspondence in 2015 are included. First, immunohistochemistry (IHC) 2+ is defined as invasive breast cancer with weak to moderate complete membrane staining observed in >10% of tumor cells. Second, if the initial HER2 test result in a core needle biopsy specimen of a primary breast cancer is negative, a new HER2 test may (not “must”) be ordered on the excision specimen based on specific clinical criteria. The HER2 testing algorithm for breast cancer is updated to address the recommended workup for less common clinical scenarios (approximately 5% of cases) observed when using a dual-probe ISH assay. These scenarios are described as ISH group 2 (HER2/chromosome enumeration probe 17 [CEP17] ratio ≥2.0; average HER2 copy number <4.0 signals per cell), ISH group 3 (HER2/CEP17 ratio <2.0; average HER2 copy number ≥6.0 signals per cell), and ISH group 4 (HER2/CEP17 ratio <2.0; average HER2 copy number ≥4.0 and <6.0 signals per cell). The diagnostic approach includes more rigorous interpretation criteria for ISH and requires concomitant IHC review for dual-probe ISH groups 2 to 4 to arrive at the most accurate HER2 status designation (positive or negative) based on combined interpretation of the ISH and IHC assays. The Expert Panel recommends that laboratories using single-probe ISH assays include concomitant IHC review as part of the interpretation of all single-probe ISH assay results.
Pemanfaatan ovitrap dalam pengukuran populasi Aedes sp. dan penentuan kondisi rumah
Authors: Hidayati Lisa , Hadi Upik Kesumawati , Soviana Susi
Published: May 2018

The incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Observations over a period of 20 to 25 years since the beginning of  the discovering of the disease, has show the increase of the diseases incidence every five years. The purpose of this study are 1) study the diversity of Aedes’s mosquitoes in Sukabumi City, 2) measure the Aedes population based on the number of eggs and ovitrap index, and 3) to know the correlation between ovitrap index and house condition. Aedes eggs were collected from 14 villages in Sukabumi City that has the highest incidence rate, started from May 2015 until August 2015. Collecting eggs is done by setting a trap eggs (ovitrap) as many as 230 pieces in 115 homes (indoor and outdoor). The results showed that Ae. aegypti were found inside houses and Ae. albopictus were outside houses. The number of eggs collected from ovitrap inside the houses were three times more than those collected from outside. Ovitrap index inside houses was 60%, or 1.6 times more than the ovitrap index outside the houses (37%) in 14 villages in Sukabumi. Houses with poor ventilation and sanitation increased the risk 3.09 times of number of ovitrap index. The results of this study could be use as basic information for the communities to improved environment hygiene through reduced mosquito breeding sites, thus degraded the incidence of dengue
Keanekaragaman serangga Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, dan Trichoptera sebagai bioindikator kualitas perairan di Sungai Jangkok, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Diantari Ni Putu Reny , Ahyadi Hilman , Rohyani Immy Suci , Suana I Wayan
Published: May 2018

The existence of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) in a body of water can be used as indicators of the quality of the waters. The aim of this study were 1) to know the diversity of EPT insects in Jangkok River, Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, 2) determine the water quality of Jangkok River based on family biotic index (FBI), and 3) to know the effect of physical, chemical, and biological of environment parameters on the presence of EPT insects. Sampling was conducted in Jangkok River, Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, in the dry season of July 2016. EPT groups insects were taken using water nets and eckman grab in 22 sampling points that was randomly determined in systematic random sampling. Data of physical, chemical, and biology of waters were also taken in these sampling points. Water quality is determined by the score of FBI, and the multiple correlation analysis to determine the relationship between physical and chemical parameters with the presence of EPT. Biological parameter was analyzed descriptively. The influence of biological parameter was determined by descriptive analysis. The study found 902 individuals of EPT belonging to 12 family and 12 genera. In the upstream we found 788 individuals (12 family and 12 genus), in the middlestream found 114 individuals (10 family and 10 genus), while in the downstream the EPT was absent. From the seven physical and chemical parameters of waters tested, only water temperature has significant correlation with the presence of EPT. The differences of water temperature in these area were caused by the covering and heterogeneity of the vegetation in the river side in each area. FBI score for upstream was 3.6 which indicates that the quality of the waters are very good. In the middlestream, the FBI score was 4.6, and it was categorized as good. In the downstream, results of the FBI get infinite value that entered the category as very bad.
Processus de formation d’une capacité dynamique : le cas d’une petite entreprise internationale1
Authors: Alphonse-Tilloy Isabelle , Altintas Gulsun
Published: May 2018

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser comment une petite entreprise construit une capacité dynamique d’internationalisation. Pour ce faire, nous avons étudié une entreprise industrielle et de services de dix salariés. Notre analyse montre que l’entreprise a pu construire une capacité dynamique d’internationalisation en développant et renouvelant sa base de ressources et compétences à travers un processus caractérisé par la fréquence, la progressivité de l’internationalisation et la réussite des premières démarches d’expansion géographique. Nous mettons également en évidence les facteurs managériaux, organisationnels et environnementaux qui ont favorisé la construction de la capacité dynamique.
Les déterminants et les conséquences de l’orientation entrepreneuriale : enseignements et voies futures de recherche basés sur une étude bibliométrique (2001-2016)
Authors: Chebbi Hela , Sellami Mohamed , Saidi Sana
Published: May 2018

Le concept de l’orientation entrepreneuriale (OE) apparaît dans la littérature comme un construit scientifique rigoureux et solide à partir duquel a pu s’élaborer un corps de connaissances cumulées et stables (Rauch, Wiklund, Lumpkin et Frese, 2009). Depuis le début du xxie siècle, nous avons assisté à un développement exponentiel des publications sur le thème de l’OE. Une avalanche de travaux de recherche publiés dans des revues académiques et professionnelles a émergé dans divers contextes pour accompagner cet intérêt grandissant à ce sujet. Il convient donc de comprendre et structurer la littérature sur l’OE afin d’en tirer les principaux enseignements. C’est dans ce cadre que nous conduisons cette étude bibliométrique qui présente en revue et structure les recherches publiées sur l’OE entre 2001 et 2016. Elle vise à identifier les principales voies futures de recherches sur le sujet. Cet article met particulièrement l’accent sur les facteurs susceptibles de favoriser ou freiner l’OE ainsi que sur les principales conséquences de ce concept. Il apporte une réponse à la question suivante : quels sont les interactions/liens, entre les déterminants et les conséquences de l’OE, encore inexplorés dans la littérature ? Pour ce faire, 492 articles académiques publiés sont examinés moyennant deux méthodologies différentes. La première, quantitative basée sur des indicateurs univariés, permet de dresser le paysage des travaux sur le sujet (revues, méthodologies les plus utilisées, pays). La deuxième, qualitative basée sur une analyse thématique (logiciel Freeplane) permet d’identifier tous les déterminants et les conséquences de l’OE tels qu’étudiés dans les travaux conceptuels, qualitatifs et quantitatifs. Des enseignements ont été tirés autour des interactions entre les différents facteurs.
The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome
Authors: Hemani Gibran , Zheng Jie , Elsworth Benjamin , Wade Kaitlin H , Haberland Valeriia , Baird Denis , Laurin Charles , Burgess Stephen , Bowden Jack , Langdon Ryan , Tan Vanessa Y , Yarmolinsky James , Shihab Hashem A , Timpson Nicholas J , Evans David M , Relton Caroline , Martin Richard M , Davey Smith George , Gaunt Tom R , Haycock Philip C
Published: May 2018

Results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) can be used to infer causal relationships between phenotypes, using a strategy known as 2-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) and bypassing the need for individual-level data. However, 2SMR methods are evolving rapidly and GWAS results are often insufficiently curated, undermining efficient implementation of the approach. We therefore developed MR-Base (http://www.mrbase.org): a platform that integrates a curated database of complete GWAS results (no restrictions according to statistical significance) with an application programming interface, web app and R packages that automate 2SMR. The software includes several sensitivity analyses for assessing the impact of horizontal pleiotropy and other violations of assumptions. The database currently comprises 11 billion single nucleotide polymorphism-trait associations from 1673 GWAS and is updated on a regular basis. Integrating data with software ensures more rigorous application of hypothesis-driven analyses and allows millions of potential causal relationships to be efficiently evaluated in phenome-wide association studies.
Applying fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to treat recurrent Clostridium difficile infections (rCDI) in children
Authors: Fareed Shaaz , Sarode Neha , Stewart Frank J. , Malik Aneeq , Laghaie Elham , Khizer Saadia , Yan Fengxia , Pratte Zoe , Lewis Jeffery , Immergluck Lilly Cheng
Published: May 2018

Background

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is an innovative means of treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI), through restoration of gut floral balance. However, there is a lack of data concerning the efficacy of FMT and its impact on the gut microbiome among pediatric patients. This study analyzes clinical outcomes and microbial community composition among 15 pediatric patients treated for rCDI via FMT.

Methods

This is a prospective, observational, pilot study of 15 children ≤18 years, who presented for rCDI and who met inclusion criteria for FMT at a pediatric hospital and pediatric gastroenterology clinic. Past medical history and demographics were recorded at enrollment and subsequent follow-up. Specimens of the donors’ and the patients’ pre-FMT and post-FMT fecal specimen were collected and used to assess microbiome composition via 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results

FMT successfully prevented rCDI episodes for minimum of 3 months post-FMT in all patients, with no major adverse effects. Three patients reported continued GI bleeding; however, all three also had underlying Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Our analyses confirm a significant difference between pre-and post-FMT gut microbiome profiles (Shannon diversity index), whereas no significant difference was observed between post-FMT and donor microbiome profiles. At the phyla level, post-FMT profiles showed significantly increased levels of Bacteroidetes and significantly decreased levels of Proteobacteria. Subjects with underlying IBD showed no difference in their pre-and post-FMT profiles.

Conclusion

The low rate of recurrence or re-infection by C. difficile, coupled with minimal adverse effects post-FMT, suggests that FMT is a viable therapeutic means to treat pediatric rCDI. Post-FMT microbiomes are different from pre-FMT microbiomes, and similar to those of healthy donors, suggesting successful establishment of a healthier microbiome.
Urbanization alters small rodent community composition but not abundance
Authors: Alvarez Guevara Jessica N. , Ball Becky A.
Published: May 2018

Desert ecosystems are one of the fastest urbanizing areas on the planet. This rapid shift has the potential to alter the abundances and species richness of herbivore and plant communities. Herbivores, for example, are expected to be more abundant within urban desert remnant parks located within cities due to anthropogenic activities that concentrate food resources and reduce native predator populations. Despite this assumption, previous research conducted around Phoenix, AZ, USA has shown that top-down herbivory led to equally reduced plant biomass in both urban and outlying locations. It is unclear if this insignificant difference in herbivory at urban and outlying sites is due to unaltered desert herbivore populations or altered activity levels that counteract abundance differences. Small rodent herbivore/granivore populations were surveyed at four sites inside and four sites outside of the core of Phoenix during fall 2014 and spring 2015 in order to determine whether abundances and richness differ significantly between urban and rural sites. In order to survey species composition and abundance at these sites, 100 Sherman traps and eight larger wire traps that are designed to attract and capture small vertebrates such as mice, rats, and squirrels were set at each site for two consecutive trap nights. Results suggest that the commonly assumed effect of urbanization on herbivore abundances does not apply to small rodent populations in a desert city, as overall small rodent abundances were statistically similar regardless of location. Though a significant difference was not found for species richness, a significant difference between small rodent genus richness at these sites was observed, with altered community composition. The compositional differences likely reflect the altered vegetative community and may impact ecological interactions at these sites.
A new species of spotted leaf frog, genusPhasmahyla(Amphibia, Phyllomedusidae) from Southeast Brazil
Authors: Pereira Elvis Almeida , Rocha Lucas Custódio Lomba , Folly Henrique , da Silva Hélio Ricardo , Santana Diego José
Published: May 2018

Based on concordant differences in male advertisement call, tadpole morphology, and absence of haplotype sharing in the barcoding 16S mitochondrial DNA, we describe here a new species of spotted leaf frog of the genusPhasmahylafrom Atlantic Forest, State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil. The new species is most similar toP. cochranae(type locality) andP. spectabilis(type locality). It differs from these species by the size of the calcar, moderate-sized body (snout-vent length 30.4–34.4 mm in adult eight males), and in the advertisement call. The tadpoles ofPhasmahyla lisbellasp. nov. differ fromP. exilis,P. spectabilis,P. timbo,P. guttataandP. jandaiabecause they do not have row of teeth in the anterior part; differ fromP. cruziby the shape of the anterior end of the oral disc. Through genetic data (phylogenetic distance and haplotype genealogy) we diagnosed the new species where the genetic divergences among its congeners is about 3–6% in a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene, which is above the threshold typically characterizing distinct species of anurans. However, the new species can be distinguished from other congeneric species based on an integrative approach (molecular, bioacoustics, larval, and adult morphology).
Epigenetic reactivation of LINE‐1 retrotransposon disrupts NuRD corepressor functions and induces oncogenic transformation in human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Bojang Pasano , Ramos Kenneth S.
Published: May 2018

Long interspersed nuclear element‐1 (LINE‐1 or L1) reactivation is linked to poor prognosis in non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), but the molecular bases of this response remain largely unknown. In this report, we show that challenge of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) with the lung carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), shifted the L1 promoter from a heterochromatic to euchromatic state through disassembly of the nucleosomal and remodeling deacetylase (NuRD) complex. Carcinogen challenge was also associated with partial displacement of constituent proteins from the nuclear to the cytoplasmic compartment. Disruption of NuRD corepression by genetic ablation or carcinogen treatment correlated with accumulation of L1 mRNA and proteins. Mi2β bound directly to the L1 promoter to effect retroelement silencing, and this response required the DNA‐ and ATPase‐binding domains of Mi2β. Sustained expression of L1 in HBECs was tumorigenic in a human–SCID mouse xenograft model, giving rise to tumors that regressed over time. Together, these results show that functional modulation of the NuRD constituent proteins is a critical molecular event in the activation of L1 retrotransposon. L1 expression creates a microenvironment in HBECs that is conducive to neoplasia and malignant transformation.
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Using Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Mediated Laserporation
Authors: Bošnjak Berislav , Permanyer Marc , Sethi Maya K. , Galla Melanie , Maetzig Tobias , Heinemann Dag , Willenzon Stefani , Förster Reinhold , Heisterkamp Alexander , Kalies Stefan
Published: May 2018

Engineered nucleases hold large potential for future gene therapy applications. An obstacle hampering their applications are delivery methods bearing efficiency, throughput, and viability of target cells. How this limitation can be overcome via gold‐nanoparticle‐mediated (GNOME) laserporation is demonstrated. It employs a picosecond laser setup and 200 nm gold nanoparticles, and its full capacity with CRISPR/Cas9 delivery is demonstrated. 70 kDa dextrans are utilized to probe delivery in adherent SC1 cells. Afterward, GNOME laserporation is used for transfection of crRNA:tracrRNA targeting the mouse CCR7 (mCCR7) into SpCas9 (Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9) and mCCR7 co‐expressing SC1 cells. Finally, ribonucleoprotein particles consisting of mCCR7 crRNA:tracrRNA and SpCas9 endonuclease are transfected into SC1 cells not expressing SpCas9. Gene knockout efficiencies of up to 65% are detected in the GNOME laserporated cells. To validate the simplicity of the approach, the same treatment parameters are used to successfully knock out CXCR3 in 25% of GNOME laserporated activated mouse CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, this is the first demonstration of the unique combination of nanotechnology and laser irradiation for gene editing via engineered nucleases.
SHS of Silicon‐Based Ceramics for the High‐Temperature Applications
Authors: Vorotilo Stepan , Potanin Artem Y. , Iatsyuk Ivan V. , Levashov Evgeny A.
Published: May 2018

High‐temperature materials attract a growing interest from both the scientists and engineers, since the increase of the operating temperatures is crucial for the enhancement of many energy conversion processes. Another area of application of high‐temperature materials is high‐velocity air flight, where the ultra‐high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are pivotal for the creation of robust nose tips and leading edges of the skins of high‐velocity jets. Compounds of refractory metals with silicon, such as TaSi2, MoSi2, ZrSi2, are characterized by unrivaled resistance in aggressive environments. However, most of them are not suitable for application as high‐temperature structural materials due to the low mechanical properties. Therefore, they are frequently used as a constituent for the high‐temperature composite materials such as TaSi2–SiC, ZrC–MoSi2, ZrB2–MoSi2, ZrB2–ZrSi2. One of the most convenient ways of producing these composite materials is self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS), known for its high productivity, energy‐efficiency, and ecological safety. This review summarizes the latest developments of the SHS of the silicon‐based high‐temperature ceramics.
Graphene Oxide‐Template Controlled Cuboid‐Shaped High‐Capacity VS4 Nanoparticles as Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Sizhe , Gong Feng , Yang Shize , Liao Jiaxuan , Wu Mengqiang , Xu Ziqiang , Chen Cheng , Yang Xiaofei , Zhao Feipeng , Wang Bin , Wang Yuesheng , Sun Xueliang
Published: May 2018

Room‐temperature sodium‐ion batteries have attracted great attentions for large‐scale energy storage applications in renewable energy. However, exploring suitable anode materials with high reversible capacity and cyclic stability is still a challenge. The VS4, with parallel quasi‐1D chains structure of V4+(S22−)2, which provides large interchain distance of 5.83 Å and high capacity, has showed great potential for sodium storage. Here, the uniform cuboid‐shaped VS4 nanoparticles are prepared as anode for sodium‐ion batteries by the controllable of graphene oxide (GO)‐template contents. It exhibits superb electrochemical performances of high‐specific charge capacity (≈580 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1), long‐cycle‐life (≈98% retain at 0.5 A·g−1 after 300 cycles), and high rates (up to 20 A·g−1). In addition, electrolytes are optimized to understand the sodium storage mechanism. It is thus demonstrated that the findings have great potentials for the applications in high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries.
Nickel‐catalyzed C−H bond Alkoxylation of Amides with Alcohols
Authors: Rajesh Nimmakuri , Sundararaju Basker
Published: May 2018

An efficient Nickel‐catalyzed C−H bond alkoxylation of benzamides and olefinic carboxamides with alcohols were achieved for the first time using bidentate auxiliary. We demonstrated high‐functional group compatibility and tolerates wide‐range of alcohols.
Unusual Li‐Storage Behaviour of Two‐Dimensional ReS2 Single Crystals
Authors: Chaturvedi Apoorva , Hu Peng , Ray Ayan , Kloc Christian , Madhavi Srinivasan , Aravindan Vanchiappan
Published: May 2018

Unusual Li‐storage properties are observed for two‐dimensional ReS2 compared to its analogue MoS2. First, we prepared ReS2 single crystals (99.9 % crystallinity) by chemical vapour transport with high yield and utmost purity. Li‐storage properties are assessed using a standard half‐cell assembly with metallic Li as the counter electrode. The highly crystalline ReS2 rendered excellent electrochemical characteristics with interesting features. This logically leads to further exploration of ReS2 towards Li‐storage. Indeed, ReS2 could act as efficient intercalation host for Li‐ions with lower redox potential (∼1.2 V vs. Li) and decent reversibility (∼0.4 mol Li). On the other hand, high reversibility is registered while deep discharging of the active material. This eventually obeys the perfect conversion pathway. Interestingly, electrochemically activated ReS2 also rendered good reversibility and eventually serves as an insertion host with a working potential of ∼2 V vs. Li.
Long-term prognostic impact of surgical complications in the German Rectal Cancer Trial CAO/ARO/AIO-94
Authors: Sprenger T , Beißbarth T , Sauer R , Tschmelitsch J , Fietkau R , Liersch T , Hohenberger W , Staib L , Gaedcke J , Raab H-R , Rödel C , Ghadimi M
Published: May 2018

Background

The influence of postoperative complications on survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing combined modality treatment is debatable. This study evaluated the impact of surgical complications on oncological outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated within the randomized CAO/ARO/AIO-94 (Working Group of Surgical Oncology/Working Group of Radiation Oncology/Working Group of Medical Oncology of the Germany Cancer Society) trial.

Methods

Patients were assigned randomly to either preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) or postoperative CRT between 1995 and 2002. Anastomotic leakage and wound healing disorders were evaluated prospectively, and their associations with overall survival, and distant metastasis and local recurrence rates after a long-term follow-up of more than 10 years were determined. Medical complications (such as cardiopulmonary events) were not analysed in this study.

Results

A total of 799 patients were included in the analysis. Patients who had anterior or intersphincteric resection had better 10-year overall survival than those treated with abdominoperineal resection (63·1 versus 51·3 per cent; P < 0·001). Anastomotic leakage was associated with worse 10-year overall survival (51 versus 65·2 per cent; P = 0·020). Overall survival was reduced in patients with impaired wound healing (45·7 versus 62·2 per cent; P = 0·009). At 10 years after treatment, patients developing any surgical complication (anastomotic leakage and/or wound healing disorder) had impaired overall survival (46·6 versus 63·8 per cent; P < 0·001), a lower distant metastasis-free survival rate (63·2 versus 72·0 per cent; P = 0·030) and more local recurrences (15·5 versus 6·4 per cent; P < 0·001). In a multivariable Cox regression model, lymph node metastases (P < 0·001) and surgical complications (P = 0·008) were the only independent predictors of reduced overall survival.

Conclusion

Surgical complications were associated with adverse oncological outcomes in this trial.
Empathic behavior according to the state of others in mice
Authors: Ueno Hiroshi , Suemitsu Shunsuke , Murakami Shinji , Kitamura Naoya , Wani Kenta , Okamoto Motoi , Matsumoto Yosuke , Aoki Shozo , Ishihara Takeshi
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Empathic behavior is essential for social activities in social animals. Therefore, lack of empathy is a feature of several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of empathy and which animals possess it remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether mice show empathic behavior.

Methods

We tested mice for empathy‐like behaviors toward conspecifics who were distressed. We investigated behavioral changes in cage‐mate or stranger mice.

Results

When the conspecific mice were in a painful state, subject mice showed preferential approach behavior toward them, presumably recognizing the state. Both visual information and olfactory information are indispensable for this empathic behavior.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the mouse recognizes the emotional state of the conspecific and engages in social interaction. The results of this study are useful for the elucidation of the causal mechanisms involved in neuropsychiatric disorders and may contribute in the development of novel treatment targets.
A prenatal case of partial trisomy 21 (q22.2q22.3), resulting from a paternal insertion translocation ins(16;21) and uncovered by QF‐PCR, and characterized by array CGH and FISH
Authors: Bhola Shama L. , Nieuwint Aggie W. M. , Stuurman Kyra E.
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical Message

In addition to detecting trisomies of whole chromosomes, QF‐PCR can also detect partial trisomies of the chromosomes 13, 18, and 21, which can suggest an unbalanced translocation. Additional testing with other techniques, such as microarray or FISH, is recommended when an unbalanced translocation is suspected.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with psoas abscess and renocolic fistula
Authors: Kato Kazuya , Iwasaki Yoshiaki , Kato Yurina , Kato Kimitaka , Matsuda Minoru
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical Message

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an uncommon inflammatory disease of the kidney . Diffuse XGP is a rare condition which may spread into the pelvic cavity leading to fatal complications from a psoas muscle abscess and/or renocolic fistula . In diffuse type, nephrectomy and excision of the fistula is the recommended treatment.
Appendix epidermoid cyst: Presenting as an acute appendicitis
Authors: Rahbar Mahtab
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical Message

We report a rare case of a cystic mass in an appendix in a patient who presented nausea, vomiting, and sharp pain in lower right abdomen and mimicking acute appendicitis. Although this entity is very rare, careful physical observation, imaging, and pathology can be helpful to make an accurate diagnosis.
Oral nutrition for left‐sided malignant colonic obstruction after decompression with a transanal drainage tube: A case series of 6 patients
Authors: Kojima Shigehiro , Sakamoto Tsuguo , Nagai Yuko , Yajima Kazuhito
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical Message

Oral nutrition with a low‐residue diet for left‐sided malignant colonic obstruction after decompression with a transanal drainage tube is safe and can be considered a viable preoperative management option for appropriate patients.
Successful fluoroless radiofrequency catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia during pregnancy
Authors: Kaspar Georgy , Sanam Kumar , Gundlapalli Sujana , Shah Dipak
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical Message

Even in the absence of underlying heart disease, pregnancy is known to increase susceptibility supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). This brings a management challenge, mainly due to concerns about pharmacotherapy and radiation to the fetus. This case highlights the capability of using fluoroless mapping technologies to treat refractory arrhythmia cases safely and successful.
Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma with pseudoprogression during nivolumab therapy and the usefulness of tumor markers: A case report
Authors: Yoshimura Akihiro , Takumi Chieko , Tsuji Taisuke , Hamashima Ryosuke , Shiotsu Shinsuke , Yuba Tatsuya , Urata Yoji , Hiraoka Noriya
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical Message

Pseudoprogression was reported as one of the unconventional responses during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. A 70‐year‐old man with pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma received nivolumab therapy. Pleural effusion and pulmonary metastasis increased, however then shrank and serum cytokeratin 19 fragment levels decreased. Serum tumor marker might help to distinguish pseudoprogression.
Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorous Co‐doped Interconnected Porous Carbon Nanosheets with High Defect Density for Enhancing Supercapacitor and Lithium‐Ion Battery Properties
Authors: Wang Hanwei , Wang Chao , Dang Baokang , Xiong Ye , Jin Chunde , Sun Qingfeng , Xu Min
Published: May 2018

Porous carbon nanosheets with open 2D nanostructure have been considered a desirable and high‐efficient energy‐storage material. Herein, N, S, P co‐doped interconnected porous carbon nanosheets (CPCNs) with high defect density and open 2D ultrathin nanostructure are prepared by using a cork‐shaped soybean aerogel as carbon source. A reasonable design of the preparation technology controls the formation of the distinctive and ordered structure of intermediates during the synthetic process. The as‐prepared CPCN material is made of interconnected nanosheets with a thickness of 4.9 nm and have a maximum N‐dopant content of 5.83 at. % and a high specific surface area of 3586 m2 g−1. Due to the synergistic effects of the features, the CPCN electrode for supercapacitors has a high capacitance of 427 F g−1 with a long cycling stability of 97.42 % after 10 000 cycles. For lithium‐ion batteries, the CPCN material also exhibits an excellent capacity of 1220 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 with a high rate capability and cycling stability. Moreover, a scenario through using CPCN to enhance the electrochemical performance of nano‐inorganic material proves a high scalability in the application for the products.
A pH‐Triggered Synthesis of Blue‐Emitting Au Nanoclusters and Their Luminescence Enhancement in a Metallohydrogel: Selective Detection of Pb2+ through Luminescence Quenching
Authors: Kuppan Balamurugan , Maitra Uday
Published: May 2018

The synthesis and stabilization of blue‐emitting nanoclusters (Au, Cu or Ag) are very challenging. We have developed a facile, acid‐induced protocol to synthesize blue‐emitting Au NCs (B‐NCs) in aqueous medium at room temperature from green‐emitting ones (G‐NCs). The rapid quenching of the blue emission was successfully arrested, and in fact enhanced, by the incorporation of the NCs in a bile acid derived metallohydrogel, demonstrating the special effect of the gel medium. The NCs in both solution and gel were characterized in detail using microscopic and photophysical techniques, including a detailed analysis of the excited state relaxation pathway. We have demonstrated that this NC can be switched back to G‐NCs reversibly upon the reaction with a base. We have also shown that the B‐NC can be efficiently applied towards detection of Pb2+. This simple approach towards B‐NC synthesis and its stabilization can contribute to application of this material in LEDs, bioimaging, and energy transfer.
Proof of active cannabis use comparing 11‐hydroxy‐∆9‐tetrahydrocannabinol with 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations
Authors: Franz Thomas , Skopp Gisela , Schwarz Gerlinde , Musshoff Frank
Published: May 2018

Testing hair for cannabis use has increasingly been scrutinised due to exposure to second‐hand smoke or environmental contamination. Confirmation of drug use involving detection of metabolites such as 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC‐COOH) and 11‐hydroxy‐delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC‐OH) having very rarely been considered. We developed a new, simplified procedure with regard to expenditure of time and material to determine delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, qualitatively), as well as THC‐OH and THC‐COOH (quantitatively) from 587 hair samples by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) which was compared to hitherto established methods (n = 3). Compared to conventional methanolic extraction alkaline dissolution resulted in higher concentrations for THC‐OH. Concentrations determined from specimens ranged from 0.01 to 18.7 ng THC/mg hair, 0.05–37.6 pg THC‐OH/mg hair, and from 0.1 to 54.3 pg THC‐COOH/mg hair. THC was detectable in 70.4% samples along with both metabolites from more than half of these samples. In 12.9% of THC‐positive cases, neither THC‐OH nor THC‐COOH were present. In 8.9% of THC‐negative cases, it was possible to detect metabolites either alone or in combination. THC‐OH could more frequently be detected than THC‐COOH and appeared to be less susceptible to cosmetic treatment. In summary, THC‐OH turned out to be a further suitable marker to prove cannabis use. Determination of both metabolites is recommended to unequivocally differentiate consumption from external exposure or contamination.
Anorexia nervosa, neuroimaging research, and the contextual salience of food cues: The food approach–avoidance conundrum
Authors: Murray Stuart B. , Strigo Irina A.
Published: May 2018

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by an avoidance and marked apprehension around food intake, yet paradoxically, those with AN often display approach behaviors to food, engaging in food shopping or preparation activities which are described as rewarding. This approach–avoidance conundrum is of much importance as neuroimaging studies continue to probe mechanisms relating to core AN psychopathology. This Idea Worth Researching discusses the notion that neuroimaging studies relying on food cue presentation paradigms may be methodologically flawed without specifying the contextual salience of the food cues presented in paradigms. The appraisal of food cues may diverge as a function of one's intent‐to‐eat, and thus, neuroimaging studies not specifying the contextual salience of food cues (i.e., intent‐to‐eat or not) may confound two distinctly different processes.
Integrating trait‐based empirical and modeling research to improve ecological restoration
Authors: Fiedler Sebastian , Perring Michael P. , Tietjen Britta
Published: May 2018

A global ecological restoration agenda has led to ambitious programs in environmental policy to mitigate declines in biodiversity and ecosystem services. Current restoration programs can incompletely return desired ecosystem service levels, while resilience of restored ecosystems to future threats is unknown. It is therefore essential to advance understanding and better utilize knowledge from ecological literature in restoration approaches. We identified an incomplete linkage between global change ecology, ecosystem function research, and restoration ecology. This gap impedes a full understanding of the interactive effects of changing environmental factors on the long‐term provision of ecosystem functions and a quantification of trade‐offs and synergies among multiple services. Approaches that account for the effects of multiple changing factors on the composition of plant traits and their direct and indirect impact on the provision of ecosystem functions and services can close this gap. However, studies on this multilayered relationship are currently missing. We therefore propose an integrated restoration agenda complementing trait‐based empirical studies with simulation modeling. We introduce an ongoing case study to demonstrate how this framework could allow systematic assessment of the impacts of interacting environmental factors on long‐term service provisioning. Our proposed agenda will benefit restoration programs by suggesting plant species compositions with specific traits that maximize the supply of multiple ecosystem services in the long term. Once the suggested compositions have been implemented in actual restoration projects, these assemblages should be monitored to assess whether they are resilient as well as to improve model parameterization. Additionally, the integration of empirical and simulation modeling research can improve global outcomes by raising the awareness of which restoration goals can be achieved, due to the quantification of trade‐offs and synergies among ecosystem services under a wide range of environmental conditions.
The effectiveness of generic self‐management interventions for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain on physical function, self‐efficacy, pain intensity and physical activity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Elbers S. , Wittink H. , Pool J.J.M. , Smeets R.J.E.M.
Published: May 2018

Generic self‐management programs aim to facilitate behavioural adjustment and therefore have considerable potential for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Our main objective was to collect and synthesize all data on the effectiveness of generic self‐management interventions for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain in terms of physical function, self‐efficacy, pain intensity and physical activity. Our secondary objective was to describe the content of these interventions, by means of classification according to the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy. We searched PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase and Psycinfo for eligible studies. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias were assessed by two researchers independently. Meta‐analyses were only performed if the studies were sufficiently homogeneous and GRADE was used to determine the quality of evidence. We identified 20 randomized controlled trials that compared a self‐management intervention to any type of control group. For post‐intervention results, there was moderate quality evidence of a statistically significant but clinically unimportant effect for physical function and pain intensity, both favouring the self‐management group. At follow‐up, there was moderate quality evidence of a small clinically insignificant effect for self‐efficacy, favouring the self‐management group. All other comparisons did not indicate an effect. Classification of the behaviour change techniques showed large heterogeneity across studies. These results indicate that generic self‐management interventions have a marginal benefit for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain in the short‐term for physical function and pain intensity and for self‐efficacy in the long‐term, and vary considerably with respect to intervention content.

Significance

This study contributes to a growing body of evidence that generic self‐management interventions have limited effectiveness for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Furthermore, this study has identified substantial differences in both content and delivery mode across self‐management interventions.
Systematic cycle life assessment of a secondary zinc–air battery as a function of the alkaline electrolyte composition
Authors: Mainar Aroa R. , Iruin Elena , Colmenares Luis C. , Blázquez J. Alberto , Grande Hans‐Jürgen
Published: May 2018

Development of secondary zinc–air batteries goes through a proper specification of the electrolyte formulation adapted to extend the cycle life of the battery. However, defining an optimal formulation is not a trivial work due to the specific requirements for each electrode. At half‐cell level, it has been determined that ZnO‐saturated 4 mol L−1 KOH with 2 mol L−1 KF and 2 mol L−1 K2CO3 (4s‐2) is the most suitable formulation to increase the cycle life of secondary zinc electrode, whereas additive‐free 8 mol L−1 KOH (8‐0) formulation is more beneficial for the bifunctional air electrode (BAE). Through this systematic cycle life assessment, it has been found that the most suitable electrolyte formulation for the full cell system is a compendium for both electrodes requirements. It has determined an optimal electrolyte formulation for the full system consisting of ZnO‐saturated 7 mol L−1 KOH with 1.4 mol L−1 KF and 1.4 mol L−1 K2CO3 (7s‐1.4). This electrolyte composition increases at least 2.5 times the reversibility of the secondary zinc–air battery in comparison with that employing the traditional formulation for primary zinc–air batteries (additive‐free 8 mol L−1 KOH). In addition, the development of a proper cell design or separator is also necessary to further enhance the secondary zinc–air cycle life.
Intelligent spectral efficiency and energy efficiency enhancement in LTE‐Advanced heterogeneous networks
Authors: Mudassir Ahmad , Akhtar Saleem , Kamel Hesham , Javed Abbas
Published: May 2018

This paper addresses enhancing green network evolution by femto cell densification in LTE‐Advanced heterogeneous networks (LTE HetNets). Previously, spectral efficiency has been the key performance indicator, but because of increased atmospheric radiations nowadays, energy efficiency maximization has also become the major concern for network providers. A major cause of degradation in spectral efficiency and energy efficiency is intercell interference in co‐channel deployment. The key to improve spectral efficiency and energy efficiency in LTE‐HetNet is intercell interference mitigation. In this paper, we have analyzed LTE‐HetNet from indoor and outdoor perspectives. We have proposed an intelligent fuzzy‐based reduced power time‐domain resource partitioning scheme to mitigate the interference level of victim macro users. The proposed intelligent technique is also helpful to maintain the fairness among femto cell users, which has not been considered in many previous studies. The simulation results have shown that the proposed method improved the overall spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of the system.
Applications of electrical strain gages in the fields of monitoring and material mechanics
Authors: Lehmann Thomas , Stockmann Martin , Ihlemann Jörn , Menger Thomas
Published: May 2018

In this contribution strain gage investigations regarding zero‐point stability in fields of monitoring and the application of strain gages in material mechanics are presented. The resistance‐strain‐relation is detailed and derived in fundamental considerations for applications with small as well as large deformations. Error‐inducing factors are demonstrated and solutions of minimizing or eliminating these variables are presented. Concerning monitoring of structures, zero‐point shift effects are the focus of this paper. Experimental examples of strain gage applications demonstrate the consideration of the specific methods to achieve results with high reliability and accuracy.