bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On One Point Singular Nonlinear Initial Boundary Value Problem for a Fractional Integro-Differential Equation via Fixed Point Theory
Authors: Mesloub Said , Alhazzani Eman , Gadain Hassan Eltayeb
Published: September 2024

In this article, we focus on examining the existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence of solutions on initial data for a specific initial boundary value problem which mainly arises from one-dimensional quasi-static contact problems in nonlinear thermo-elasticity. This problem concerns a fractional nonlinear singular integro-differential equation of order θ∈[0,1]. The primary methodology involves the application of a fixed point theorem coupled with certain a priori bounds. The feasibility of solving this problem is established under the context of data related to a weighted Sobolev space. Furthermore, an additional result related to the regularity of the solution for the formulated problem is also presented.
Usefulness of Natural Phenolic Compounds in the Fight against Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kamsu Gabriel Tchuente , Ndebia Eugene Jamot
Published: September 2024

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a very common form of cancer in developing countries, and its exponential progression is a cause for concern. Available treatments face the phenomenon of multi-drug resistance, as well as multiple disabling side effects. The number of deaths is expected to double by 2030 if nothing is done. Due to their high representativeness in plants, phenolic compounds are a potential alternative for halting the spread of this disease, which bereaves many thousands of families every year. This study aims to identify phenolic compounds with activity against esophageal cancer, assess their toxicological profiles, and explore future perspectives. To achieve this, the literature search was meticulously carried out in the Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Pub-Med/Medline databases, in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The results show that proanthocyanidin and curcumin represent promising therapeutic options, given their significant in vitro and in vivo activity, and their safety in human subjects in clinical trials. Moscatilin, Genistein, and pristimerin have anticancer activities (≤10 µM) very close to those of doxorubicin and 5-FU, although their safety has not yet been fully established. The compounds identified in vivo exhibit highly significant activities compared with the results obtained in vitro, and are sometimes more effective than the molecules conventionally used to treat EC. Generally, with the exceptions of plumbagin, lapachol, and β-lapachone, all other molecules are relatively non-toxic to normal human cells and represent a therapeutic avenue to be explored by pharmaceutical companies in the fight against esophageal cancer. However, more detailed toxicological studies of certain molecules remain a priority.
Downregulation of RhoB Inhibits Cervical Cancer Progression and Enhances Cisplatin Sensitivity
Authors: Wang Weijiao , Jia Yubin , Liu Yuhuan , Lv Xiaofeng , Guo Lili , Meng Silu , Wang Changyu
Published: September 2024

RhoB, a member of the Rho GTPase family, has been implicated in the malignant progression of various cancer types. However, its role in cervical cancer (CC) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the biological function of RhoB in CC and its relationship with cisplatin sensitivity. We analyzed data from the TCGA, GTEx, and GEO databases, revealing that RhoB mRNA expression is downregulated in CC tissues compared to normal cervical tissues. The further analysis of the TCGA database and Tongji samples showed that CC patients with a high RhoB expression had a shorter overall survival (OS). Subsequently, we found that the knockdown of RhoB inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells, while increasing apoptosis. Through Western blot (WB) analysis, we found that knocking down RhoB resulted in an increased expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, while the levels of N-cadherin, MMP2, MMP9, Vimentin, and Snail1 were reduced. Additionally, RhoB mRNA expression was upregulated in CC tissues after chemotherapy compared to CC tissues before chemotherapy. In CC cells, RhoB expression increased with cisplatin concentration, and the IC50 value decreased following RhoB knockdown. Moreover, the knockdown of RhoB could enhance the cellular apoptosis triggered by cisplatin. This study demonstrated that RhoB plays an oncogenic role in CC and that its knockdown could enhance the sensitivity of CC cells to cisplatin.
A Novel KIDINS220 Pathogenic Variant Associated with the Syndromic Spastic Paraplegia SINO: An Expansion of the Brain Malformation Spectrum and a Literature Review
Authors: Bonati Maria Teresa , Baldoli Cristina , Taurino Jacopo , Marchetti Daniela , Larizza Lidia , Finelli Palma , Iascone Maria
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Identifying novel variants in very rare disease genes can be challenging when patients exhibit a complex phenotype that expands the one described, and we provide such an example here. A few terminal truncating variants in KIDINS220 cause spastic paraplegia (SP), intellectual disability (ID), nystagmus, and obesity (SINO, MIM #617296). Prompted by the result of next-generation sequencing on a patient referred for SP associated with complex brain dysmorphisms, we reviewed the phenotype of SINO patients focusing on their brain malformations, mainly described in prenatal age and first years of life, and tried to understand if the predicted effect of the mutant kidins220 may have caused them. Methods: We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) and a literature and mutation databases review. Results: We report a young adult with SP, severe ID, strabismus, and macrocephaly exhibiting brain malformations at follow-up, partially overlapping with those described in TUBB3 tubulinopathy. WES analysis of the proband and parents identified the heterozygous de novo variant (NM_020738.4: c. 4144G > T) p. Glu 1382* in KIDINS220 that was predicted to be causative of SINO. Conclusions: The progression of myelination and the development of brain structures turned out to be crucial for identifying, at follow-up, the whole KIDINS220-related brain malformations. The truncated proteins associated with SINO lack a portion fundamental for the interaction of kidins220 with tubulins and microtubule-associated proteins. The complexity of the brain malformations displayed by our patient, and possibly by other reported SINO patients, could result from an impaired dynamic modulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton during embryogenesis. Brain malformations must be considered as part of the SINO spectrum phenotype.
Development of a Scanning Protocol for Anthropological Remains: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Orsi Matteo , Fusco Roberta , Mazzucchi Alessandra , Taglioretti Roberto , Marinato Maurizio , Licata Marta
Published: September 2024

Structured-light scanning is a fast and efficient technique for the acquisition of 3D point clouds. However, the extensive and daily application of this class of scanners can be challenging because of the technical know-how necessary to validate the low-cost instrumentation. This challenge is worth accepting because of the large amount of data that can be collected accurately with the aid of specific technical protocols. This work is a preliminary study of the development of an acquisition protocol for anthropological remains performing tests in two opposite and extreme contexts: one characterised by a dark environment and one located in an open area and characterised by a very bright environment. This second context showed the influence of sunlight in the acquisition process, resulting in a colourless point cloud. It is a first step towards the development of a technical protocol for the acquisition of anthropological remains, based on the research of limits and problems associated with an instrument.
A One-Dimensional Computational Model to Identify Operating Conditions and Cathode Flow Channel Dimensions for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Bielefeld Nikolaj Maack , Sørensen Rasmus Dockweiler , Jørgensen Mikkel , Kure Kristoffer , Berning Torsten
Published: September 2024

A one-dimensional computational model has been developed that can be used to identify operating conditions for the cathode side of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell such that both the inlet and outlet relative humidity is equal to 100%. By balancing the calculated pressure drop along the cathode side flow channel with the change in molar composition, inlet conditions for the cathode side can be identified with the goal of avoiding channel flooding. The channel length, height, width and the land-to-channel width ratio are input parameters for the model so that it might be used to dimension the cathode flow field. The model can be used to calculate the limiting current density, and we are presenting unprecedented high values as a result of the high pressure drop along the flow channels. Such high current densities can ultimately result in a fuel cell power density beyond the typical value of 1.0–2.0 W/cm2 for automotive fuel cells.
The Efficacy of Vitamins in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Tappia Paramjit S. , Shah Anureet K. , Dhalla Naranjan S.
Published: September 2024

Vitamins are known to affect the regulation of several biochemical and metabolic pathways that influence cellular function. Adequate amounts of both hydrophilic and lipophilic vitamins are required for maintaining normal cardiac and vascular function, but their deficiencies can contribute to cardiovascular abnormalities. In this regard, a deficiency in the lipophilic vitamins, such as vitamins A, D, and E, as well as in the hydrophilic vitamins, such as vitamin C and B, has been associated with suboptimal cardiovascular function, whereas additional intakes have been suggested to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Here, we have attempted to describe the association between low vitamin status and cardiovascular disease, and to offer a discussion on the efficacy of vitamins. While there are inconsistencies in the impact of a deficiency in vitamins on the development of cardiovascular disease and the benefits associated with supplementation, this review proposes that specific vitamins may contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease in individuals at risk rather than serve as an adjunct therapy.
OsMBF1a Facilitates Seed Germination by Regulating Biosynthesis of Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid in Rice
Authors: Wang Xin , Chen Ziyun , Guo Jinghua , Han Xiao , Ji Xujian , Ke Meicheng , Yu Feng , Yang Pingfang
Published: September 2024

Seed germination is a pivotal stage in the plant life cycle, orchestrated by a myriad of internal and external factors, notably plant hormones. The underlying molecular mechanisms governing rice seed germination remain largely unelucidated. Herein, we uncover OsMBF1a as a crucial regulatory factor that employs a dual strategy to promote seed germination: positively activating genes involved in gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis pathways, while negatively regulating key genes responsible for abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis. Furthermore, OsMBF1a modulates the endogenous levels of ABA and GA in rice seeds, reinforcing its central role in the germination process. The expression of ZmMBF1a and ZmMBF1b, the homologous genes in maize, in rice seeds similarly affects germination, indicating the conserved functionality of MBF1 family genes in regulating seed germination. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying rice seed germination and underscores the significance of MBF1 family genes in plant growth and development.
The Role of the Mu Opioid Receptors of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in the Modulation of Analgesia Induced by Acute Restraint Stress in Male Mice
Authors: Du Yinan , Zhao Yukui , Zhang Aozhuo , Li Zhiwei , Wei Chunling , Zheng Qiaohua , Qiao Yanning , Liu Yihui , Ren Wei , Han Jing , Sun Zongpeng , Hu Weiping , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: September 2024

Mu opioid receptors (MORs) represent a vital mechanism related to the modulation of stress-induced analgesia (SIA). Previous studies have reported on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic “disinhibition” mechanisms of MORs on the descending pain modulatory pathway of SIA induced in the midbrain. However, the role of the MORs expressed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), one of the main cortical areas participating in pain modulation, in SIA remains completely unknown. In this study, we investigated the contributions of MORs expressed on glutamatergic (MORGlut) and GABAergic (MORGABA) neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), as well as the functional role and activity of neurons projecting from the mPFC to the periaqueductal gray (PAG) region, in male mice. We achieved this through a combination of hot-plate tests, c-fos staining, and 1 h acute restraint stress exposure tests. The results showed that our acute restraint stress protocol produced mPFC MOR-dependent SIA effects. In particular, MORGABA was found to play a major role in modulating the effects of SIA, whereas MORGlut seemed to be unconnected to the process. We also found that mPFC–PAG projections were efficiently activated and played key roles in the effects of SIA, and their activation was mediated by MORGABA to a large extent. These results indicated that the activation of mPFC MORGABA due to restraint stress was able to activate mPFC–PAG projections in a potential “disinhibition” pathway that produced analgesic effects. These findings provide a potential theoretical basis for pain treatment or drug screening targeting the mPFC.
Proteomics Studies on Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Glioblastoma: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Giuliani Patricia , De Simone Chiara , Febo Giorgia , Bellasame Alessia , Tupone Nicola , Di Virglio Vimal , di Giuseppe Fabrizio , Ciccarelli Renata , Di Iorio Patrizia , Angelucci Stefania
Published: September 2024

Like most tumors, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the deadliest brain tumor in human adulthood, releases extracellular vesicles (EVs). Their content, reflecting that of the tumor of origin, can be donated to nearby and distant cells which, by acquiring it, become more aggressive. Therefore, the study of EV-transported molecules has become very important. Particular attention has been paid to EV proteins to uncover new GBM biomarkers and potential druggable targets. Proteomic studies have mainly been performed by “bottom-up” mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of EVs isolated by different procedures from conditioned media of cultured GBM cells and biological fluids from GBM patients. Although a great number of dysregulated proteins have been identified, the translation of these findings into clinics remains elusive, probably due to multiple factors, including the lack of standardized procedures for isolation/characterization of EVs and analysis of their proteome. Thus, it is time to change research strategies by adopting, in addition to harmonized EV selection techniques, different MS methods aimed at identifying selected tumoral protein mutations and/or isoforms due to post-translational modifications, which more deeply influence the tumor behavior. Hopefully, these data integrated with those from other “omics” disciplines will lead to the discovery of druggable pathways for novel GBM therapies.
Overexpression of PER2 Promotes De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis, Fatty Acid Desaturation, and Triglyceride Accumulation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Chen Yifei , Jing Yujia , Hu Liangyu , Xi Zanna , Lu Zhiqi , Loor Juan J. , Wang Mengzhi
Published: September 2024

The core clock gene Period2 (PER2) is associated with mammary gland development and lipid synthesis in rodents and has recently been found to have a diurnal variation in the process of lactation, but has not yet been demonstrated in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). To explore the regulatory function of PER2 on milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells, we initially assessed the expression of clock genes and milk fat metabolism genes for 24 h using real-time quantitative PCR and fitted the data to a cosine function curve. Subsequently, we overexpressed the PER2 in BMECs using plasmid vector (pcDNA3.1-PER2), with empty vector pcDNA3.1-myc as the control. After transfecting BMECs for 48 h, we assessed the protein abundance related to milk fat synthesis by Western blot, the expression of genes coding for these proteins using real time-quantitative PCR, the production of triacylglycerol, and the fatty acid profile. The findings indicated that a total of nine clock genes (PER1/2, CRY1/2, REV-ERBα, BMAL1, NCOR1, NR2F2, FBXW11), seven fatty acid metabolism genes (CD36, ACSS2, ACACA, SCD, FADS1, DGAT1, ADFP), and six nuclear receptor-related genes (INSIG1, SCAP, SREBF1, C/EBP, PPARG, LXR) exhibited oscillation with a period close to 24 h in non-transfected BMECs (R2 ≥ 0.7). Compared to the control group (transfected with empty pcDNA3.1-myc), the triglyceride content significantly increased in the PER2 overexpression group (p < 0.05). The lipogenic genes for fatty acid transport and triglyceride synthesis (ACACA, SCD, LPIN1, DGAT1, and SREBF1) were upregulated after PER2 overexpression, along with the upregulation of related protein abundance (p < 0.05). The contents and ratios of palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), and trans-oleic acid (C18:1n9t) were significantly increased in the overexpression group (p < 0.05). Overall, the data supported that PER2 participated in the process of milk fat metabolism and is potentially involved in the de novo synthesis and desaturation of fatty acid in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
Unveiling the Spectrum of Minor Genes in Cardiomyopathies: A Narrative Review
Authors: Micolonghi Caterina , Perrone Federica , Fabiani Marco , Caroselli Silvia , Savio Camilla , Pizzuti Antonio , Germani Aldo , Visco Vincenzo , Petrucci Simona , Rubattu Speranza , Piane Maria
Published: September 2024

Hereditary cardiomyopathies (CMPs), including arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), represent a group of heart disorders that significantly contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and are often driven by genetic factors. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology have enabled the identification of rare variants in both well-established and minor genes associated with CMPs. Nowadays, a set of core genes is included in diagnostic panels for ACM, DCM, and HCM. On the other hand, despite their lesser-known status, variants in the minor genes may contribute to disease mechanisms and influence prognosis. This review evaluates the current evidence supporting the involvement of the minor genes in CMPs, considering their potential pathogenicity and clinical significance. A comprehensive analysis of databases, such as ClinGen, ClinVar, and GeneReviews, along with recent literature and diagnostic guidelines provides a thorough overview of the genetic landscape of minor genes in CMPs and offers guidance in clinical practice, evaluating each case individually based on the clinical referral, and insights for future research. Given the increasing knowledge on these less understood genetic factors, future studies are essential to clearly assess their roles, ultimately leading to improved diagnostic precision and therapeutic strategies in hereditary CMPs.
Maternal Dietary Strategies for Improving Offspring Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic Health: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tain You-Lin , Hsu Chien-Ning
Published: September 2024

Dietary regulation has been recognized for its profound impact on human health. The convergence of cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic disorders at the pathophysiological level has given rise to cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome, which constitutes a significant global health burden. Maternal dietary nutrients play a crucial role in fetal development, influencing various programmed processes. This review emphasizes the effects of different types of dietary interventions on each component of CKM syndrome in both preclinical and clinical settings. We also provide an overview of potential maternal dietary strategies, including amino acid supplementation, lipid-associated diets, micronutrients, gut microbiota-targeted diets, and plant polyphenols, aimed at preventing CKM syndrome in offspring. Additionally, we discuss the mechanisms mediated by nutrient-sensing signals that contribute to CKM programming. Altogether, we underscore the interaction between maternal dietary interventions and the risk of CKM syndrome in offspring, emphasizing the need for continued research to facilitate their clinical translation.
NF-κB Transcription Factors: Their Distribution, Family Expansion, Structural Conservation, and Evolution in Animals
Authors: Msweli Siphesihle , Pakala Suresh B. , Syed Khajamohiddin
Published: September 2024

The Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor family consists of five members: RelA (p65), RelB, c-Rel, p50 (p105/NF-κB1), and p52 (p100/NF-κB2). This family is considered a master regulator of classical biochemical pathways such as inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, and cell death. The proteins in this family have a conserved Rel homology domain (RHD) with the following subdomains: DNA binding domain (RHD-DBD) and dimerization domain (RHD-DD). Despite the importance of the NF-κB family in biology, there is a lack of information with respect to their distribution patterns, evolution, and structural conservation concerning domains and subdomains in animals. This study aims to address this critical gap regarding NF-κB proteins. A comprehensive analysis of NF-κB family proteins revealed their distinct distribution in animals, with differences in protein sizes, conserved domains, and subdomains (RHD-DBD and RHD-DD). For the first time, NF-κB proteins with multiple RHD-DBDs and RHD-DDs have been identified, and in some cases, this is due to subdomain duplication. The presence of RelA/p65 exclusively in vertebrates shows that innate immunity originated in fishes, followed by amphibians, reptiles, aves, and mammals. Phylogenetic analysis showed that NF-κB family proteins grouped according to animal groups, signifying structural conservation after speciation. The evolutionary analysis of RHDs suggests that NF-κB family members p50/p105 and c-Rel may have been the first to emerge in arthropod ancestors, followed by RelB, RelA, and p52/p100.
The Serine Acetyltransferase (SAT) Gene Family in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis): Identification, Classification and Expression Analysis under Salt Stress
Authors: Wang Leigang , Liu Dandan , Jiao Xiaoyu , Wu Qiong , Wang Wenjie
Published: September 2024

Cysteine plays a pivotal role in the sulfur metabolism network of plants, intimately influencing the conversion rate of organic sulfur and the plant’s capacity to withstand abiotic stresses. In tea plants, the serine acetyltransferase (SAT) genes emerge as a crucial regulator of cysteine metabolism, albeit with a notable lack of comprehensive research. Utilizing Hidden Markov Models, we identified seven CssSATs genes within the tea plant genome. The results of the bioinformatics analysis indicate that these genes exhibit an average molecular weight of 33.22 kD and cluster into three distinct groups. Regarding gene structure, CssSAT1 stands out with ten exons, significantly more than its family members. In the promoter regions, cis-acting elements associated with environmental responsiveness and hormone induction predominate, accounting for 34.4% and 53.1%, respectively. Transcriptome data revealed intricate expression dynamics of CssSATs under various stress conditions (e.g., PEG, NaCl, Cold, MeJA) and their tissue-specific expression patterns in tea plants. Notably, qRT-PCR analysis indicated that under salt stress, CssSAT1 and CssSAT3 expression levels markedly increased, whereas CssSAT2 displayed a downregulatory trend. Furthermore, we cloned CssSAT1-CssSAT3 genes and constructed corresponding prokaryotic expression vectors. The resultant recombinant proteins, upon induction, significantly enhanced the NaCl tolerance of Escherichia coli BL21, suggesting the potential application of CssSATs in bolstering plant stress resistance. These findings have enriched our comprehension of the multifaceted roles played by CssSATs genes in stress tolerance mechanisms, laying a theoretical groundwork for future scientific endeavors and research pursuits.
Wine, Polyphenols, and the Matrix Effect: Is Alcohol Always the Same?
Authors: Miraldi Elisabetta , Baini Giulia , Biagi Marco , Cappellucci Giorgio , Giordano Alessandro , Vaccaro Federica , Bertelli Alberto A. E.
Published: September 2024

While the number of publications on wine and health is steadily increasing, ranging from a molecular level to epidemiological studies, often with contradictory results, little attention has been given to a holistic approach to research, starting from the molecular level to arrive at pharmacological and medical conclusions. In this review, some unusual concepts are considered, such as the phytocomplex, the vehicle, and the Matrix effect. The concept of the phytocomplex is discussed, specifically the biological activities of Tyrosol, Hydroxytyrosol, and Resveratrol; indeed, the interactions among different molecules in herbal matrices provide a specific response. This is often markedly different from the response evoked by single constituents in the modulation of microbial populations in the gut, in intestinal stability and bioaccessibility, and, obviously, in inducing biological responses. Among the many alcoholic beverages which contain these molecules, wine has the most peculiar Matrix effect, which can heavily influence the bioavailability of the phytocomplex obtained by the fermentation processes that produce this beverage. Wine’s Matrix effect plays an instrumental role in improving the beneficial compounds’ bioavailability and/or in inhibiting alcohol metabolites’ carcinogenicity. Underestimation of the wine Matrix effect could lead to deceiving results, as in the case of dealcoholized wine or wine-compound-based nutritional supplements; alternatively, this can occur in the emphasis of a single component’s toxic activity, in this case, alcohol, ignoring the specific molecular-level protective action of other compounds (polyphenols) that are present in the same matrix. The dark side of the Matrix effect is also discussed. This review confirms the research recommendations made by the WHO Scientific Group, which suggests it is important “to investigate the possible protective effects of ingredients other than alcohol in alcoholic beverages”, considering that most recent studies seem not only relevant but also capable of directing future research towards innovative points of view that have so far been too neglected.
A Spatiotemporal Transcriptome Reveals Stalk Development in Pearl Millet
Authors: Mao Fei , Luo Lin , Ma Nana , Qu Qi , Chen Hao , Yi Chao , Cao Mengxue , Shao Ensi , Lin Hui , Lin Zhanxi , Zhu Fangjie , Lu Guodong , Lin Dongmei
Published: September 2024

Pearl millet is a major cereal crop that feeds more than 90 million people worldwide in arid and semi-arid regions. The stalk phenotypes of Poaceous grasses are critical for their productivity and stress tolerance; however, the molecular mechanisms governing stalk development in pearl millet remain to be deciphered. In this study, we spatiotemporally measured 19 transcriptomes for stalk internodes of four different early developmental stages. Data analysis of the transcriptomes defined four developmental zones on the stalks and identified 12 specific gene sets with specific expression patterns across the zones. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we found that two co-expression modules together with candidate genes were involved in stalk elongation and the thickening of pearl millet. Among the elongation-related candidate genes, we established by SELEX that a MYB-family transcription factor PMF7G02448 can bind to the promoters of three cell wall synthases genes (CesAs). In summary, these findings provide insights into stalk development and offer potential targets for future genetic improvement in pearl millet.
Robust Mixed-Rate Region-of-Interest-Aware Video Compressive Sensing for Transmission Line Surveillance Video
Authors: Gao Lisha , Ma Zhoujun , Han Shuo , Zhao Tiancheng , Liu Qingcheng , Fu Zhangjie
Published: September 2024

Classic video compression methods usually suffer from long encode time and requires large memories, making it hard to deploy on edge devices; thus, video compressive sensing, which requires less resources during encoding, is receiving more attention. We propose a robust mixed-rate ROI-aware video compressive sensing algorithm for transmission line surveillance video compression. The proposed method compresses foreground targets and background frames separately and uses reversible neural network to reconstruct original frames. The result on transmission line surveillance video data shows that the proposed compressive sensing method can achieve 26.47, 34.71 PSNR and 0.6839, 0.9320 SSIM higher than existing methods on 1.5% and 15% measurement rates, and the proposed ROI extraction net can precisely retrieve regions under high noise levels. This research not only demonstrates the potential for a more efficient video compression technique in resource-constrained environments, but also lays a foundation for future advancements in video compressive sensing techniques and their applications in various real-time surveillance systems.
Governing with Intelligence: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Policy Development
Authors: Yar Muhammad Asfand , Hamdan Mahani , Anshari Muhammad , Fitriyani Norma Latif , Syafrudin Muhammad
Published: September 2024

As the field of artificial intelligence (AI) continues to evolve, its potential applications in various domains, including public policy development, have garnered significant interest. This research aims to investigate the role of AI in shaping public policies through a qualitative examination of secondary data and an extensive bibliographic review. By analyzing the existing literature, government reports, and relevant case studies, this study seeks to uncover the opportunities, challenges, and ethical considerations associated with leveraging AI in the formulation and implementation of public policies. This research will delve into the potential benefits of AI-driven policy analysis, such as enhanced decision-making processes, data-driven insights, and improved policy outcomes. Additionally, it will explore the risks and concerns surrounding AI’s influence on policy, including potential biases, privacy implications, and the need for transparency and accountability. The findings of this study will contribute to the ongoing discourse on the responsible and effective integration of AI in public policy development, fostering informed decision-making and promoting the ethical use of this transformative technology.
Evading Cyber-Attacks on Hadoop Ecosystem: A Novel Machine Learning-Based Security-Centric Approach towards Big Data Cloud
Authors: Sharma Neeraj A. , Kumar Kunal , Khorshed Tanzim , Ali A B M Shawkat , Khalid Haris M. , Muyeen S. M. , Jose Linju
Published: September 2024

The growing industry and its complex and large information sets require Big Data (BD) technology and its open-source frameworks (Apache Hadoop) to (1) collect, (2) analyze, and (3) process the information. This information usually ranges in size from gigabytes to petabytes of data. However, processing this data involves web consoles and communication channels which are prone to intrusion from hackers. To resolve this issue, a novel machine learning (ML)-based security-centric approach has been proposed to evade cyber-attacks on the Hadoop ecosystem while considering the complexity of Big Data in Cloud (BDC). An Apache Hadoop-based management interface “Ambari” was implemented to address the variation and distinguish between attacks and activities. The analyzed experimental results show that the proposed scheme effectively (1) blocked the interface communication and retrieved the performance measured data from (2) the Ambari-based virtual machine (VM) and (3) BDC hypervisor. Moreover, the proposed architecture was able to provide a reduction in false alarms as well as cyber-attack detection.
Distribution, Population Dynamics, and Management of Moroccan Locust Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunberg, 1815) (Orthoptera, Acrididae) in Tajikistan
Authors: Khairov Khuramjon S. , Lazutkaite Elena , Latchininsky Alexandre V.
Published: September 2024

This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) in Tajikistan, exploring its distribution, population dynamics, economic significance, and management. Our research covers the period from 2012 to 2023. Over this period, there has been a documented increase in the size of the infested areas, with southern Tajikistan being the most severely affected. Outbreaks of economic importance happened each year throughout the timeframe. The total area impacted by infestations reached 752,130 hectares in southern Tajikistan alone. The paper places emphasis on the necessity of cross-border and regional collaboration and the adoption of environmentally sustainable control methods, such as the use of biopesticides.
The Effect of Multiple-Time Applications of Metal Primers Containing 10-MDP on the Repair Strength of Base Metal Alloys to Resin Composite
Authors: Klaisiri Awiruth , Paaopanchon Chanakan , Kukiattrakoon Boonlert
Published: September 2024

This experimental study was performed to assess whether applying a metal primer containing 10-MDP multiple times affected the repair shear bonding ability of base metal alloys to resin composites. Ten base metal alloys were randomly assigned to each group in the manner described, following multiple applications of a metal primer (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus), namely one to five applications, and no primer application as a negative control. On the specimens’ prepared surfaces, the resin composite was pushed into the mold and then light-activated for 40 s. The bonded samples were kept for 24 h at 37 °C in distilled water in an incubator. The shear bond strength was determined using a universal testing device. A stereomicroscope was used to determine the debonded surface. The one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were implemented to statistically analyze. The lowest shear bond strength was found in group 6 (6.14 ± 1.12 MPa), demonstrating a significant difference (p = 0.000) when compared to groups 1 to 5. The shear bond strength of group 3 was highest at 21.49 ± 1.33 MPa; there was no significant difference between group 3 and groups 4 and 5 (20.21 ± 2.08 MPa and 20.98 ± 2.69 MPa, respectively) (p = 0.773, p = 1.000, respectively). All fractured specimens in groups 1, 2, and 6 were identified as adhesive failure. Groups 3 and 4 exhibited the highest percentage of mixed failures. To achieve the repair shear bonding ability of base metal alloys to resin composites, the sandblasted base metal alloys should be coated with three applications of a metal primer before applying the adhesive agent.
A Unified Pipeline for Simultaneous Brain Tumor Classification and Segmentation Using Fine-Tuned CNN and Residual UNet Architecture
Authors: Alshomrani Faisal
Published: September 2024

In this paper, I present a comprehensive pipeline integrating a Fine-Tuned Convolutional Neural Network (FT-CNN) and a Residual-UNet (RUNet) architecture for the automated analysis of MRI brain scans. The proposed system addresses the dual challenges of brain tumor classification and segmentation, which are crucial tasks in medical image analysis for precise diagnosis and treatment planning. Initially, the pipeline preprocesses the FigShare brain MRI image dataset, comprising 3064 images, by normalizing and resizing them to achieve uniformity and compatibility with the model. The FT-CNN model then classifies the preprocessed images into distinct tumor types: glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumor. Following classification, the RUNet model performs pixel-level segmentation to delineate tumor regions within the MRI scans. The FT-CNN leverages the VGG19 architecture, pre-trained on large datasets and fine-tuned for specific tumor classification tasks. Features extracted from MRI images are used to train the FT-CNN, demonstrating robust performance in discriminating between tumor types. Subsequently, the RUNet model, inspired by the U-Net design and enhanced with residual blocks, effectively segments tumors by combining high-resolution spatial information from the encoding path with context-rich features from the bottleneck. My experimental results indicate that the integrated pipeline achieves high accuracy in both classification (96%) and segmentation tasks (98%), showcasing its potential for clinical applications in brain tumor diagnosis. For the classification task, the metrics involved are loss, accuracy, confusion matrix, and classification report, while for the segmentation task, the metrics used are loss, accuracy, Dice coefficient, intersection over union, and Jaccard distance. To further validate the generalizability and robustness of the integrated pipeline, I evaluated the model on two additional datasets. The first dataset consists of 7023 images for classification tasks, expanding to a four-class dataset. The second dataset contains approximately 3929 images for both classification and segmentation tasks, including a binary classification scenario. The model demonstrated robust performance, achieving 95% accuracy on the four-class task and high accuracy (96%) in the binary classification and segmentation tasks, with a Dice coefficient of 95%.
Penetration State Recognition during Laser Welding Process Control Based on Two-Stage Temporal Convolutional Networks
Authors: Liu Zhihui , Ji Shuai , Ma Chunhui , Zhang Chengrui , Yu Hongjuan , Yin Yisheng
Published: September 2024

Vision-based laser penetration control has become an important research area in the field of welding quality control. Due to the complexity and large number of parameters in the monitoring model, control of the welding process based on deep learning and the reliance on long-term information for penetration identification are challenges. In this study, a penetration recognition method based on a two-stage temporal convolutional network is proposed to realize the online process control of laser welding. In this paper, a coaxial vision welding monitoring system is built. A lightweight segmentation model, based on channel pruning, is proposed to extract the key features of the molten pool and the keyhole from the clear molten pool keyhole image. Using these molten pool and keyhole features, a temporal convolutional network based on attention mechanism is established. The recognition method can effectively predict the laser welding penetration state, which depends on long-term information. In addition, the penetration identification experiment and closed-loop control experiment of unequal thickness plates are designed. The proposed method in this study has an accuracy of 98.96% and an average inference speed of 20.4 ms. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits significant performance in recognizing the penetration state from long sequences of welding image signals, adjusting welding power, and stabilizing welding quality.
Radiation Effects in Tungsten and Tungsten-Copper Alloys Treated with Compression Plasma Flows and Irradiated with He Ions
Authors: Ryskulov Azamat , Shymanski Vitaliy , Ivanov Igor , Amanzhulov Bauyrzhan , Dauhaliuk Anastasia , Uglov Vladimir , Temir Adilet , Astashynski Valiantsin , Sapar Asset , Kuzmitski Anton , Ungarbayev Yerulan
Published: September 2024

The paper presents the results of studying the structure and phase state of tungsten and tungsten-copper alloy after pulsed action of compression plasma flows and irradiation with helium ions. The compression plasma flows were used to modify the surface layer of tungsten, as well as to create an alloy based on tungsten and copper. Using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray structural analysis, the formation of radiation defects on the tungsten surface was detected in the form of local areas of exfoliation and destruction, which begin to form at helium ion irradiation doses of 2 × 1017 cm−2. It is shown that preliminary plasma treatment of the surface in the melting mode leads to the complete disappearance of surface radiation defects up to a dose of 2 × 1017 cm−2, which may be associated with the formation of a fine-crystalline grain structure, the intergranular boundaries of which serve as effective sinks for primary radiation defects.
Effects of a Combined Elevated-Pressure Hybrid Wood-Modification System Demonstrating Synergistic Effects on Durability Performance
Authors: Klaas Peter , Emmerich Lukas , Militz Holger , Jones Dennis
Published: September 2024

The combination of different wood-modification technologies to obtain improved performance is increasingly receiving attention in research. In this study, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood was impregnated with furfuryl alcohol (FFA) in pure aqueous 20, 40, and 60% solution strength without adding any catalyst. In a second step, the FFA was polymerized while simultaneously performing thermal modification in a closed system at 130, 150, or 180 °C. After leaching and ageing tests, the nine different combinations were tested in use class 4 applications (in contact with or very close to the ground and frequently wet) according to CEN/TS 15083-2 (2005) decay laboratory test. It was noted that even the minimum-intensity combination of 20% FFA at 130 °C resulted in maximum durability class (DC) 1 performance. On the contrary, DC 4 was assigned to thermally modified control samples, even at the maximum intensity of thermal modification. Similarly, for FFA modifications, previous research has suggested that an uptake of 35% solution strength is required to obtain an adequate durability performance in use class 4 applications. High levels of resistance against termites were also noted by corresponding termite lab tests. Moisture studies showed the combined treatments resulted in improved stability and reduced moisture uptakes. Thus, the results obtained by this study revealed synergistic performance effects, which originate from the combined thermo-chemical modification approach, and which were higher than simple accumulation of the individual performance of purely thermally or chemically modified wood. Thus, the presented findings have provided positive implications for industrial applications of thermo-chemical modification techniques and offers an array of new research opportunities.
Screening of Lipid-Reducing Activity and Cytotoxicity of the Exometabolome from Cyanobacteria
Authors: Luz Rúben , Cordeiro Rita , Gonçalves Vítor , Vasconcelos Vitor , Urbatzka Ralph
Published: September 2024

Cyanobacteria are rich producers of secondary metabolites, excreting some of these to the culture media. However, the exometabolome of cyanobacteria has been poorly studied, and few studies have dwelled on its characterization and bioactivity assessment. In this work, exometabolomes of 56 cyanobacterial strains were characterized by HR-ESI-LC-MS/MS. Cytotoxicity was assessed on two carcinoma cell lines, HepG2 and HCT116, while the reduction in lipids was tested in zebrafish larvae and in a steatosis model with fatty acid-overloaded human liver cells. The exometabolome analysis using GNPS revealed many complex clusters of unique compounds in several strains, with no identifications in public databases. Three strains reduced viability in HCT116 cells, namely Tolypotrichaceae BACA0428 (30.45%), Aphanizomenonaceae BACA0025 (40.84%), and Microchaetaceae BACA0110 (46.61%). Lipid reduction in zebrafish larvae was only observed by exposure to Dulcicalothrix sp. BACA0344 (60%). The feature-based molecular network shows that this bioactivity was highly correlated with two flavanones, a compound class described in the literature to have lipid reduction activity. The exometabolome characterization of cyanobacteria strains revealed a high chemodiversity, which supports it as a source for novel bioactive compounds, despite most of the time being overlooked.
pH-Dependent Extraction of Antioxidant Peptides from Red Seaweed Palmaria palmata: A Sequential Approach
Authors: Ghelichi Sakhi , Sørensen Ann-Dorit Moltke , Náthia-Neves Grazielle , Jacobsen Charlotte
Published: September 2024

This study employed a diverse approach to extract antioxidant peptides from red seaweed Palmaria palmata, recognized for its comparatively high protein content. Initially, an aqueous extraction of the entire seaweed was performed, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the solid residues prepared from the first step. The effects of three different pH levels (3, 6, and 9) during the aqueous extraction were also examined. Results indicated that the solid fraction from the sequential extraction process contained significantly higher levels of proteins and amino acids than other fractions (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the solid fractions (IC50 ranging from 2.29 to 8.15 mg.mL−1) demonstrated significantly greater free radical scavengers than the liquid fractions (IC50 ranging from 9.03 to 10.41 mg.mL−1 or not obtained at the highest concentration tested) at both stages of extraction (p < 0.05). Among the solid fractions, those produced fractions under alkaline conditions were less effective in radical scavenging than the produced fractions under acidic or neutral conditions. The fractions with most effective metal ion chelating activity were the solid fractions from the enzymatic stage, particularly at pH 3 (IC50 = 0.63 ± 0.04 mg.mL−1) and pH 6 (IC50 = 0.89 ± 0.07 mg.mL−1), which were significantly more effective than those from the initial extraction stage (p < 0.05). Despite no significant difference in the total phenolic content between these solid fractions and their corresponding liquid fractions (3.79 ± 0.05 vs. 3.48 ± 0.02 mg.mL−1 at pH 3 and 2.43 ± 0.22 vs. 2.51 ± 0.00 mg.mL−1 at pH 6) (p > 0.05), the observed antioxidant properties may be attributed to bioactive amino acids such as histidine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, tyrosine, and methionine, either as free amino acids or within proteins and peptides.