bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing mathematical models of thermal conductivity in individual elements and units of electronic devices at local heating considering thermosensitivity
Authors: Havrysh Vasyl , Dzhumelia Elvira , Kachan Stepan , Serdyuk Pavlo , Maikher Viktoria
Published: July 2024

This paper considers a heat conduction process for an isotropic medium with local external and internal thermal heating. It was necessary to construct linear and non-linear mathematical models for determining the temperature field, and consequently, for the analysis of temperature regimes in these heat-active environments. To solve the linear boundary value problems and the resulting linearized boundary value problems with respect to the Kirchhoff transformation, the Henkel integral transformation method was used, as a result of which the analytical solutions to these problems were obtained. For a heat-sensitive environment, as an example, a linear dependence of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the structural material of the structure on temperature, which is often used in many practical problems, was chosen. As a result, analytical relations for determining the temperature distribution in this environment were established. To determine the numerical values of the temperature and analyze the heat exchange processes in the given structure, caused by the external heat load, a geometric image of the temperature distribution was constructed depending on spatial coordinates. The resulting linear and non-linear mathematical models testify to their adequacy to the real physical process. They make it possible to analyze heat-active media regarding their thermal resistance. As a result, it becomes possible to increase it and protect it from overheating, which can cause the destruction of not only individual nodes and their elements but the entire structure as well
Intensification of high-gravity brewer’s wort fermentation process with the use of microelements
Authors: Kosiv Ruslana
Published: July 2024

In high-gravity brewing, conditions arise that adversely affect the yeast. These are high osmotic pressure, high fermentation temperature, high ethanol content. As a result of these unfavorable factors, the intensity of yeast reproduction and the rate of fermentation decrease, the duration of the process increases, the degree of fermentation decreases, which leads to a change in the taste and aroma profile of the drink. Cofactors of important enzymes and stress modulators are microelement ions, the optimal content of which can be provided by adding appropriate salts to the wort.
In this work, the influence of calcium and zinc on the fermentation of high-gravity beer wort with the participation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain Saflager W-34/70 was investigated.
The optimal dosage of CaCl2 and ZnSO4 salts was determined, which is 5.0 and 0.1 mg/dm3, respectively. It was established that adding CaCl2 to the wort leads to an increase in the rate of fermentation by 21.9 %, the apparent and actual degree of fermentation by 17.8 and 17.0 %, respectively. At the same time, the ethanol content in young beer increases by 19.1 %, the content of visible and actual extract decreases by 28.8 and 17.5 %, respectively, and the biomass of yeast accumulated during fermentation increases by 14.0 %. When using ZnSO4, the changes in the values of all these indicators are significantly smaller and lie in the range of 3.2‒5.8 %. Other physical-chemical parameters of the studied samples of young beer, namely acidity, pH value, content of vicinal diketones, do not undergo significant changes.
To enhance the growth and metabolism of yeast under adverse conditions that occur during high-gravity brewing, it is recommended to add CaCl2 to beer wort in the amount of 5.0 mg/dm3. This will make it possible to reduce the duration of fermentation of wort with a dry matter content of 18 % at a temperature of 15 ℃ by 1.5 days (21 %)
Design of an information-computer system for the automated modeling of systems for automatic orientation of production objects in the machine and instrument industries
Authors: Cherepanska Irina , Sazonov Artem , Melnychuk Petro , Melnychuk Dmytro , Kalchuk Sergii , Pryadko Volodymyr , Yanovsky Valery
Published: July 2024

An information-computer system has been developed for the automated modeling of systems for automatic orientation of production objects, which is one of the most important and complex creative flexible production systems of machine and instrument engineering. The proposed information-computer system for automated modeling of systems of automatic orientation of production objects is an effective tool for solving an important task of a scientific and applied nature. Its use makes it possible to increase the speed and efficiency of information processing and to make correct and well-founded decisions when determining the composition and method of organization of systems of automatic orientation of production objects. The structure of this information-computer system is a specific set of software and hardware and information and telecommunication tools and interactive functional modules. This structure reproduces a certain paradigm that conditions the integrity and integration of the information-computer system for automated modeling of systems for automatic orientation of production objects in flexible production systems. In addition, uniformity, extensibility, the possibility of modernization and changeability of software components, protection of information from unauthorized access and preservation of commercial secrets are ensured according to international criteria for evaluating the protection of the computer system. Neuro-fuzzy network information processing and computer vision algorithms have been implemented for automatic identification of production objects and orientation devices, which are components of automatic orientation systems of production objects. The developed information-computer system processes information in real time with high accuracy and speed
Ensuring fire safety: compliance tests for the use of polystyrene foam in facades systems
Authors: Šukys Ritoldas , Stankiuvienė Aušra , Stas Serhiy , Skrodenis Saulius Vytautas , Tyshchenko Oleksandr
Published: July 2024

Ensuring fire safety is the most important thing in the construction industry, especially when it comes to facade materials. The inherent flammability of polystyrene foam poses significant safety concerns, especially when integrated into facade systems. Therefore, the main focus is on meeting the strict flammability requirements set for construction products, which are assessed by applying rigorous test procedures.
This study focuses on the fire resistance testing of a facade system using EPS 70 with graphite additives. The system has been evaluated according to the strict DIN 4102-20 standards. Tests were conducted under real-world conditions to gain insight into the performance of the EPS 70 in real-world fire scenarios. Temperature measurements were taken at various points in the facade system, including at least 3.5 meters above the combustion chamber. The results showed that the temperature does not exceed 500 °C, so it is possible to quantify the thermal properties of the material and the ability to prevent the vertical spread of fire. After the tests, detailed post-test inspections were carried out to evaluate the internal flame propagation after removing the top layer of plaster. The study confirms that polystyrene foam EPS 70 with graphite additives meets the fire safety requirements of DIN 4102-20, which suggests that it can be used more widely in building facades to improve fire safety in residential and commercial buildings. The study highlights the importance of adhering to installation standards, emphasizing the need for accurate installation practices. It also encourages the development of new composite materials with similar or improved fire safety properties, laying the foundation for further innovations in fire-resistant materials
Enrichment of functional drinks using grape pomace extracts, analysis of physicochemical indicators
Authors: Fataliyev Hasil , Gadimova Natavan , Huseynova Shafiga , Isgandarova Simuzar , Heydarov Elnur , Mammadova Sevda
Published: July 2024

A large amount of residues called secondary raw materials are formed during grape processing, the majority of which are pomace-containing seeds. Pomace is obtained by crushing grapes with subsequent juice separation and appears as a mass consisting of skin, seeds, as well as stalk and comb residues. When compared to the control, the amount of skin in the fermented pomace increased 15 %, while the amount of seeds decreased by about 50 %.
The objects of research is juice, wine materials, functional drinks, technological methods and means.
The problem is that the samples of juice and dark wine prepared by the "White method" are not provided with a sufficient amount of extract substances, especially compounds that provide functionality. The results of the experiment show that adding 25–30 % wine-alcohol extract of marc to the wine material obtained by the “white method” from the Bayanshira grape variety, and adding 25–30 % alcohol-juice extract to the juice obtained from its own stream, give a positive result. Compared to the control, in the prepared functional wine samples the content of phenolic compounds increased by 100 mg/dm3, and there was also an increase in the amount of vitamins B2, C, PP, B6 and resveratrol.
Rational technological parameters for the extraction of biologically active substances from grapes and their structural components have been established. It has been established that mixing fermented pomace with a 30 % wine-alcohol (juice-alcohol or aqueous-alcohol solution) extractant in a 1:3 hydromodule gives the best result.
It is of practical importance to enrich low-extracted juices and wines with extracts obtained from the solid parts of the cluster to produce functional drinks
Determining the influence of relative humidity on the working parameters of a gas sensor based on zinc oxide
Authors: Minska Natalia , Levterov Alexander , Shevchenko Olga , Sihaiov Andrii , Shcherbak Oleksii , Poliakov Serhii , Rotar Vasyl , Rebrov Oleksandr , Kradozhon Volodymyr , Zobenko Nataliia
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the dependence of operating parameters of a gas sensor based on zinc oxide obtained by the method of direct current magnetron sputtering. The production of gas sensor films was carried out using a VUP-5M vacuum unit with an original material-saving magnetron. The study of the dependence of the working parameters of the gas sensor was carried out under standard conditions. It was found that with increasing humidity, the electrical resistance of the gas sensor decreases and, accordingly, the sensitivity to the target gas decreases. A significant reaction of the gas sensor to an increase in humidity was observed in the range of 65–80 % relative humidity. The mechanism of influence of relative humidity on the sensitivity of a gas sensor based on ZnO was investigated. The change in resistance of the gas sensor is caused by trapped electrons on adsorbed oxygen molecules on the surface of the sensitive layer. The capture of electrons from the conduction zone leads to bending of the conduction zone and an increase in the space charge zone, respectively, to a change in the resistance of the sensitive layer of the gas sensor. In the atmosphere, when O2 molecules are adsorbed on the ZnO surface, they remove an electron from the conduction band. The reaction of oxygen adsorbed on the ZnO surface with reducing gases and the replacement of adsorbed oxygen with other molecules changes the bending of the conduction band and reduces the area of space charge. Adsorption of water on the surface of zinc oxide occurs according to the dissociation mechanism, which consists in the adsorption of steam molecules or hydroxyl groups with the subsequent displacement of previously adsorbed oxygen and free electrons and, accordingly, leads to a decrease in the sensitivity of the gas sensor. In addition, the adsorption of water vapor (H2O) molecules leads to less chemisorption of oxygen species on the ZnO surface due to the reduction of the surface area, which is responsible for the sensor response. Approaches to reduce the influence of relative humidity on the sensitivity of a gas sensor based on zinc oxide have been proposed
La tortuosa ruta hacia la movilidad social: la familia “libre de color” en el Santiago de Cuba colonial (1803 – 1868)
Authors: Gómez Calderín Sissy Indira
Published: July 2024

Este artículo demostrará que, a pesar de las dificultades para lograrlo en una sociedad diseñada para discriminarlos, segmentos importantes del estamento social de los libres de color alcanzaron un notable ascenso económico, resultado de la práctica de oficios urbanos, del trabajo de la tierra, o producto de lo obtenido del trabajo de sus esclavos.Pero no era suficiente elevarse económicamente para obtener el ansiado reconocimiento social. Se concluye también que los “libres de color” ejecutaron otras acciones que representarían vías hacia la movilidad social: la educación y el “blanqueamiento”, o sea la tendencia al matrimonio o compadrazgo con familias blancas.
The Cashless Economy from the Perspective of SMEs: Review of Research and Recommended Directions for Future Studies
Authors: Iwańczuk-Kaliska Anna
Published: July 2024

Objective: The aim of the paper is to provide a critical evaluation of empirical studies on cashless payments and the cashless economy from the perspective of small and medium-sized private enterprises and to identify research gaps in this area.
Research Design & Methods: The article is a review of empirical research on the cashless economy from the perspective of enterprises. The review relates to theory, methodology and contexts applied in studies published over a period of the last 15 years. It also includes the analysis and synthesis of findings from the studies relating to individual countries.
Findings: Future research should concentrate on several areas, including: identification of the opportunities and threats related to the perspective of an entirely cashless economy for enterprises of different scales of activity and representing different sectors, identification of the barriers and drivers related to the cashless economy from a businesses’ perspective and defining the potential strengths and weaknesses of fully cashless enterprises in the contemporary economy.
Implications / Recommendations: Filling the identified research gaps requires a holistic approach to payments in enterprises. It requires collection and analysis of data covering businesses representing different scales and industries, and using both quantitative and qualitative methods.
Contribution: The article provides a synthesis of current knowledge, identifies research gaps, and suggests directions for future research in the field of cashless economy.
Diversity Management in the Medical Device Industry in the Light of the Results of International Empirical Research
Authors: Sitko-Lutek Agnieszka , Ławicka-Kruk Karolina , Jakubiak Monika
Published: July 2024

Objective: The article aims to identify and evaluate the diversity management practices used in enterprises as well as the benefits and difficulties of diversity management.
Research Design & Methods: Empirical research was carried out in 2018–2020 using a diagnostic survey with a survey technique. The study surveyed 130 managers representing various medical device industry enterprises from four countries – Germany, Great Britain, France, and Poland.
Findings: The most frequently used diversity management practices were flexible working hours, integration activities for employees, and analysing employment structures and job satisfaction. The analysis results also confirm that the managers more often perceived the benefits of diversity management than the difficulties. At the same time, diversity management practices are implemented spontaneously in most companies.
Implications / Recommendations: The results of the research may be a source of practical recommendations for companies from the medical device industry vis-à-vis the broader use of diversity management. It may help them think about how to implement such practices and activities in their everyday routines. The research presented herein focused on three selected dimensions of diversity – age, gender, and multiculturalism. In the future, wider, cross-sectional research covering wider dimensions of diversity management in more countries would be worth doing.
Contribution: The presented research attempts to fill the gap in diversity management in the innovative and rapidly developing medical device industry.
Employee Retention Factors: The Perspective of Employees and Managers
Authors: Adamska-Chudzińska Małgorzata , Pawlak Justyna
Published: July 2024

Objective: The article identifies and explores differences in how employees and managers assess the importance of retention factors. It also looks at predictors of the importance employees attach to these factors.
Research Design & Methods: Literature studies and quantitative empirical research were carried out with CAWI. The research questionnaire included a self-designed WCR form and the MQSS-JSS scale.
Findings: Employees and managers differ in how they assess the importance of retention factors. Managers tend to underestimate the importance of individual factors. All of the predictors studied – company size, job satisfaction, age, gender and seniority – proved important in assessing the importance of the factors tested.
Implications / Recommendations: Research results indicate the importance of personalisation in retention strategies. Effective retention strategies should take the predictors of the importance of specific factors for employees into account.
Contribution: Managers’ tendency to underestimate the importance of retention factors has been revealed and it has been shown that the individual and organisational features tested are important predictors of factor selection in retention strategies.
The administration of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in pediatric hematology: a literature review
Authors: Paderina Aleksandra S. , Valiev Timur T.
Published: July 2024

The discovery of immune checkpoints (IC) has become a landmark event in immuno-oncolog y, improving the understanding of the mechanisms of tumor cells evading immune sur veillance. Based on this, a group of drugs such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were developed, the ef fect of which is due to the rupture of the immunological synapse and recognition by tumor T cells. Currently, ICIs are successfully used in the treatment of a number of malignant neoplasms, improving the indicators of diseasefree and overall sur vival. However, determining the role of these drugs in the treatment of children with tumors of the blood system is the subject of active research. This article presents a review of the literature on topical aspects of the administration of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in pediatric hematolog y. Their mechanisms of action, ef fectiveness and potential complications of therapy are presented.
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Olive Oil and Its Components. Prospects of Application in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Khavkin Anatoly I. , Nalyotov Andrew V. , Matsynina Maria A.
Published: July 2024

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases. Despite the significant progress made in the instrumental diagnosis of this group of diseases, their treatment in most cases remains formalized, based on fairly strict schemes. In this context, an urgent area of modern research is to study the effectiveness of the use of diet therapy and certain foods in order to modulate the activity of the inflammatory process, which allows avoiding adverse reactions of immunosuppressive, including immunobiological, therapy. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has proven its effectiveness in the treatment of chronic non-infectious diseases. Recent studies have also established its benefits in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Recent studies have also established its benefits in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. This article will present the results of modern research on the effect of the use of olive oil and its components on the course of inflammatory processes in the intestine. A number of studies conducted in vitro and in animal models have revealed the mechanisms by which olive oil and its components have a positive effect on the course of inflammation in the intestinal wall through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antitumor effects. Few clinical studies conducted on patients with inflammatory bowel diseases have shown the possibility of using diet therapy with the addition of olive oil in this group of patients as an additional treatment.
Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders in Children with Respiratory Allergic Diseases: Causes and Solutions
Authors: Ustinova Natalia V. , Karkashadze George A. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S.
Published: July 2024

The publication is devoted to the review of accumulated data on the relationship of respiratory allergopathology with neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood. The immediacy of the problem is due to the mutual influence of allergic and neuropsychiatric conditions combined in a child on the course of these diseases. According to research, the connection of respiratory allergic diseases with disorders of neurodevelopment, in particular with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders, is clearly manifested, and the first publications on the connection with speech and other mild cognitive impairments have appeared. At the same time, the formation of depression, suicidal behavior, and anxiety disorders in respiratory allergopathology is being actively studied. It is assumed that the close relationship between nervous and immune regulation provides a high correlation of allergic and neuropsychiatric pathological conditions, although cause-and-effect relationships have not yet been precisely established. In this regard, it becomes relevant to introduce into clinical practice monitoring of cognitive status, neuropsychic development and possible symptoms of anxiety, depression and suicidal thoughts in the treatment of children with respiratory allergic diseases. Timely detection of violations will make it possible to provide specialized interventions at an early stage in order to achieve a favorable treatment result in the long term.
Eating Disorders in Adolescent Girls. Gynecologist’s Point of View
Authors: Sibirskaya Elena V. , Karachentsova Irina V. , Naumova Viktoriya V. , Chernysheva Mariya Yu. , Naumov Maksim A. , Karelin Akim V. , Fadeeva Daria V. , Bikhert Ilia I.
Published: July 2024

This review presents an analysis of the literature data for the last 10 years (2012–2022) investigating the effect of eating disorders on the health of adolescent girl, its diagnosis, and possible tactics of gynecologist. The most common predictor of restoring menstrual function in girls with this pathology is body mass index change, however normalization of weight does not lead to remission in all cases. Thus, estimation of fat percentage, insulin-like growth factor, and leptin is more effective. We suggest directing further research on the study of more effective methods of reproductive disorders correction and the development of multidisciplinary clinical guidelines for the effective diagnosis and management of eating disorders and any gynecological complications.
Assessment of Supporting Factors in School Adjustment of Children in the Elementary Grades With Borderline Intellectual Functioning: From the Perspective of Public Elementary School Teachers and Teachers in BIF Alternative School
Authors: Ha Eunkyeong , Kim Dongil ,   The Korean Society of Special Education
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore the support elements necessary for the adaptation of border-level intellectual functional elementary school students to school life recognized by field educators. One-on-one individual interviews were conducted with 10 public elementary school teachers and 10 teachers from alternative schools operated for border-level intellectual functional students. The results of similarity classification and importance evaluation were both visualized by a multidimensional scale analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis based on the extracted statements. As a result of this study, first, support in the relational aspect should be expanded. Support for border-level intellectual functional students, which has thus far been biased towards the learning aspect, should be provided in a balanced way when regarding the relational aspect. Second, support for establishing awareness of the educational community object is necessary; this is so that the educational community can fully understand the characteristics of border-level intellectual functionality that are distinguished from other disabilities. Third, cooperative support between several educational entities with homeroom teachers and parents as the core subjects is needed. In order for border-level intellectual functional elementary school students to adapt to school life, it should be recognized that support focus needs to be tailored towards how to create an educational environment including homes and schools surrounding them, rather than how to improve their functions.
Perspectives of professors instructing teacher education theory courses about inclusive education and the current status of considering inclusive education content within their courses
Authors: Kim So Yoon , Lee Heeyeon , Lee Hyo Jung ,   The Korean Society of Special Education
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to conduct an online survey of professors instructing teacher education theory courses at teacher education programs in South Korea to determine their perceptions of inclusive education and the current status of integrating inclusive education content into their teacher education theory courses. A total of 195 responses were included in the analysis. Descriptive statistics were computed; t-tests or correlation analyses were conducted to examine the associations between variables. The qualitative responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Professors had neutral attitudes towards inclusive education. Prior diversity-related experience and collaboration with special education professors were more influential than demographic information in influencing their attitudes toward inclusion and their teaching practices. Four overarching themes emerged from the qualitative responses. Based on the results, recommendations were made to improve teacher education programs to better reflect the needs of the inclusive education field.
Exploring the Usefulness of Bayesian Longitudinal Data Analysis Models in the Study of Special Education Intervention Strategies
Authors: Yeo Seungsoo ,   The Korean Society of Special Education
Published: July 2024

Research on the effectiveness of intervention strategies for students with special needs is an important research topic in the field of special education. Until now, the majority of special education research on this topic has been based on the use of frequentist statistics and pre- and post-test designs. However, recent research in the natural and social sciences has criticised the limitations of frequentist statistics and emphasised the importance of reliable longitudinal data. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to introduce a Bayesian longitudinal data analysis model that can overcome the limitations of frequentist statistics in special education situations where longitudinal data are collected. According to the results of this study, when using Bayesian longitudinal data analysis model to test the effectiveness of intervention strategies, it is not only possible to reflect previous studies in parameter estimation, but also to continuously update the effect size of existing intervention strategies. In addition, it is possible to estimate effect sizes with good reliability even in research conditions with a small number of cases, such as in the field of special education. Finally, the limitations of Bayesian theory and future research topics are discussed.
Effect of the cyclic loading on the yield surface of a chemically stabilised soil
Authors: Martins Ligia A. , Correia António A.S. , Venda Oliveira Paulo J. , Lemos Luis J.L.
Published: July 2024

When a soil is subjected to cyclic loading, there are changes in the material's geomechanical behaviour that need to be characterised before safely designing any future projects. In terms of cyclic loading, it is important to characterise not only the failure of the soil but also its behaviour before failure, in particular the yield point and the elastic behaviour of the material. This study examines the effects of the number of loading cycles on the behaviour of a chemically stabilised soft soil with a particular focus on the yield surface. To this end, a series of triaxial tests were performed on specimens, previously or not subjected to a different number of loading cycles (1000–100 000). The results were analysed in terms of the evolution of accumulated permanent axial strain, the yield surface and stress–strain behaviour. It was observed that an increase in the number of loading cycles promoted: an increase in the permanent axial strain, an increase in the undrained resilient modulus, a shrinkage of the yield surface but its shape is maintained, and there is a small increase in the peak strength of the stabilised soil explained by the strain-hardening effect induced by the cyclic loading.
Estimating travel time in the Helsinki region utilising sequential Bayesian inference
Authors: Zargari Shahriar Afandizadeh , Khorshidi Navid , Mirzahossein Hamid , Shakoori Samim , Jin Xia
Published: July 2024

This paper explores application of Bayesian inference (BI) to dynamic travel time estimation in the Helsinki region. Accurate travel time prediction is crucial in a wide range of fields, including departure time and routing. Limited real-time data challenge modelling accuracy. To address this, this paper utilises BI, particularly sequential Bayesian inference (SBI) for evolving observed values. Incorporating 2018 real-time data and 2015 information as prior knowledge, travel time distribution will be updated. Validation yields a 4.0% mean absolute error between the updated 2018 distribution and actual travel time. Also, using the 2015 posterior distribution as prior by way of SBI yields a 4.6% mean absolute error. Results highlight that SBI is an effective tool for updating distributions. This paper underscores potential of BI in addressing data scarcity and enhancing accuracy of transportation models. By supplying precise travel time estimates, this approach benefits congestion relief and travel planning. With evolving travel time data, BI promises to advance transportation modelling.
Infecções em pacientes internados por causas externas em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Gomes Leite Morais Roberta Laíse , De Andrade Oliveira Gabriele , Alves dos Santos Clarice , Palmarella Rodrigues Vanda , Da Silva Oliveira Juliana
Published: July 2024

Justificativa e Objetivos: mediante a grande demanda de hospitalização por causas externas, bem como o número crescente de casos de infecções nos serviços de saúde, pode-se afirmar que essas são questões importantes e que se configuram enorme desafio a ser enfrentado pelos profissionais e gestores da saúde em todo o mundo. Diante disso, o objetivo do estudo foi descrever o perfil dos indivíduos internados por causas externas em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) que realizaram exame de cultura e identificar os principais microrganismos causadores de infecção. Métodos:estudo transversal, realizado com pacientes vítimas de causas externas, internados em UTI de um hospital geral da Bahia. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva, apresentados em frequências absoluta e relativa. Resultados: identificaram-se 259 internações nas UTIs por causas externas; desses, 59 (22,78%) realizaram cultura, dos quais 48 (81,35%) eram homens, 43 (72,88%) tinham cor parda, 32 (54,24%) não tinham companheiros e 35 (59,32%) sofreram acidentes de transporte. Em relação ao uso de dispositivos, 54 (91,52%) pacientes estavam em ventilação mecânica invasiva; 54 (91,50%) utilizaram sonda vesical de demora; e 54 (91,52%) utilizaram cateter venoso central. Os principais microrganismos identificados na cultura foram dos gêneros Staphylococcus (17; 28,9%) e Pseudomonas (10; 16,9%). Conclusão: as internações em UTIs decorrentes de causas externas em pacientes que realizaram cultura são de homens, que sofreram acidentes de transporte, fizeram uso de dispositivos invasivos, sendo que as principais infecções estão relacionadas aos microrganismos do gênero Staphylococcus.
THE (IN)EFFECTIVENESS OF REQUIRING PRIOR EXHAUSTION OF LOCAL REMEDIES IN INVESTMENT ARBITRATION
Authors: Smit Samantha , Koen Louis
Published: July 2024

The international investment-law regime continues to be mired in a legitimacy crisis that has given rise to important multilateral reform efforts through the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. A key reform proposal is centred on the introduction of an exhaustion-of-local-remedies requirement. This article critically evaluates the exhaustion-of-local-remedies rule in the context of international investment law, and challenges its interpretation where such clauses already exist in contemporary investment law. The article concludes that investment tribunals have subverted these clauses in various ways, and considers the legal challenges states would need to address to best prevent the subversion of these clauses by investment tribunals in future.
(IN)EQUALITY IN PROPERTY OWNERSHIP: THE RHETORIC OF HOMELESSNESS
Authors: Jeewa Tanveer Rashid , Nxumalo Sfiso Benard
Published: July 2024

Given South Africa’s shameful apartheid past, equality before the law should seep through every stratum of its society. Arguably, equality should be more of a consideration in areas where apartheid caused significant damage, such as in property relations. Yet, this is far from being the case. In this article, the authors contend that legal protection of certain categories of property is based on who the property owners are and on the value of the asset. This argument is based on a case study of the legal protection afforded to homeless people’s ownership of property.Property relations in capitalist “post”-apartheid South Africa operate and exist within a hierarchy of property interests, resulting in more protection being afforded to certain forms of property interests and less (and sometimes no) protection given to other forms of property interests. Thus, certain forms of property (“formal property”), such as immovable property, enjoy more protection than “informal property”, such as the makeshift homes of homeless people. This dichotomy is most evident in South Africa in light of the housing crisis. While the State focuses on preserving the free market, safeguarding rights over formal property, and minimising the existence of “nuisance” in urban areas, homeless people remain the most destitute people in the country. Hence, it is contended that property law does not protect homeless people and their belongings as informal property owners.Two chief arguments are made in this regard. First, it is asserted that there is an ordering of property rights protection in a capitalist society and a correlating hierarchy of property interests. Although informal property is property deserving of legal protection, it is generally deprived of such protection because it is perceived as less valuable. This article focuses primarily on homeless people’s belongings (informal property), which, it is emphasised constitutes “property” as envisaged under section 25(1) of the Constitution, and extends to the materials that shelter homeless people. Thus, law enforcement agencies’ appropriation of homeless people’s belongings constitutes an arbitrary deprivation of property. The authors posit that the tendency to prioritise “formal” property over “informal” property is arbitrary and unconstitutional.A second contention is that this difference in treatment of, and protection afforded to, informal property constitutes discrimination on the ground of poverty, which falls foul of the equality clause under section 9(3) of the Constitution, and of the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act (PEPUDA). The argument is made that the difference in treatment between legal protection afforded to certain property owners as opposed to others constitutes indirect unfair discrimination.
In memoriam Kárpáti László (1948-2021)
Authors: Faragó Sándor
Published: July 2024

Hosszan tartó, súlyos betegséget követően, 2021. június 27-én, életének 74. esztendejébenelhunyt Dr. KÁRPÁTI LÁSZLÓ erdőmérnök (1. kép), címzetes egyetemi tanár, a Fertő-HanságNemzeti Park nyugalmazott, alapító igazgatója, a Soproni Egyetem és az Erdőmérnöki Karkorábbi oktatója.
In memoriam Kerekes József (1932-2022)
Authors: Faragó Sándor
Published: July 2024

In memoriam Joseph J. Kerekes (1932-2022). On September 17, 2022. in Halifax, at the age of 90, died JOSEPF J. KEREKES (Figure 1), a member of the editorial board of Hungarian Waterfowl Publications, a great friend of Hungarian limnologists and ornithologists, and an internationally known and recognized retired senior research scientist of the Canadian Wildlife Service/Environmental Canada. With his death, a fruitful relationship of more than two decades between him and the Institute of Wildlife Management and Wildlife Biology of the University of Sopron was broken.
Refinement of Jensen Mercer and Hermite–Hadamard-Mercer type inequalities for generalized convex functions on co-ordinates with their computational analysis
Authors: Muhammad Toseef , Zhiyue Zhang , Abdul Mateen , Hüseyin Budak , Artion Kashuri
Published: July 2024

In the current study, the Jensen-Mercer inequality is extended to co-ordinated h-convex functions. Additionally, a novel inequality is employed to derive Hermite–Hadamard-Mercer type inequalities for h-convex functions defined on the co-ordinates of a rectangle in the plane. These developments not only reinforce the core tenets of convex analysis but also expand the applicability of Hermite-Hadamard-Mercer type inequalities to generalized convex functions on co-ordinates. This provides valuable tools for data analysis and optimization problem-solving. The practical utility and efficacy of this generalized inequality in real-world scenarios involving co-ordinates are demonstrated through a computational study. Mathematics Subject Classification: 26D10, 26D15, 26A51, 34A08.
Geç Dönem Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyete Kadın Gardiyanlar
Authors: Çevik Abidin , Çayci Muhammet Emin
Published: July 2024

19. Yüzyıl, Osmanlı Devleti için geniş kapsamlı reformların yapıldığı bir dönem olmuştur. İmparatorluk bu yüzyılda aynı zamanda iktisadi ve siyasi krizlerle uğraşmak zorunda kalmıştır. Ekonomik ve siyasi alanda yaşanan kriz hayatın her alanını etkilemiş, bu durum atılmak istenen pek çok adımı sekteye uğratmıştır. Bu çalışmanın konusu olan hapishaneler, diğer alanlar gibi modernleşme sürecinin bir parçası olarak ele alınmıştır. Ancak, hapishane ve çalışanların koşullarının, diğer alanlarda olduğu gibi yeterli düzeyde iyileştirilemediği görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada geç dönem Osmanlı Devleti’nden cumhuriyete kadar geçen sürede kadın cezaevlerinin ortaya çıkış süreci ve kadın gardiyanların çalışma koşulları sorgulanmak istenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmamızda ödenek yokluğu nedeniyle yaşanan olumsuzluklar ve kadın gardiyanların özlük hakları ele alınmış ve kadın gardiyanların imparatorluğun son dönemindeki koşullarına odaklanılmıştır.
Migration as a Securitized Phenomenon: An Analysis of the Societal Security in Terms of EU Perception
Authors: Turgay Salih , Sönmez Pelin
Published: July 2024

In the 21st century, the diversification of communication and transportation opportunities has not only facilitated regular migration movements but also led to changes in the volume and dimensions of irregular migration. Migrants not only significantly influence the demographic, sociological, and economic structures of the countries they move to but have also become subjects of security concerns. Member countries of the European Union (EU) are targeted by migration movements due to attractive factors such as high living and working conditions, economic prosperity, and governance styles that respect human rights. Claims that migrants threaten the societal security of the EU by affecting its language, religion, cultural values, traditions, and national identities have become frequent topics of discussion in political and academic circles. In this regard, the main aim of the study is to determine whether migration poses a threat to the societal security of the EU or if such a perception exists in EU society. The findings indicate a strong perception in EU society that migration constitutes a threat to societal security.
Dijitalleşen Dünyada Yaşlılık-Teknoloji İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Köroğlu Muhammet Ali
Published: July 2024

Teknoloji, insanın nesneler aracılığıyla kendisine konfor sağladığı bir alan olarak sürekli gelişim halinde olmuştur. İnsanın zekâ ve yaratıcılığının bir sonucu olan teknolojik ürünler, öncelikle daha az emekle daha fazla ihtiyacı karşılama arzusuna yöneliktir. Ancak teknolojik ürün ve sistemler kullanıldıkları toplumlarda sadece üretim ve emek ilişkisini etkilemezler. Aynı zamanda, toplumsal yapı, düzen ve ilişkileri de şekillendirirler. Günümüz toplumları hem teknolojik sistemlerin gelişim hızı hem de toplumlar üzerindeki etkileri bakımından eşsizdir. Ancak teknoloji ve toplum ilişkisinin tezahürleri, toplumsal gruplara ve toplumlara göre değişmektedir. Bu açıdan yaşlılık, en özel toplumsal kategorilerden birisidir. Teknoloji, sağlık, ulaşım, altyapı gibi alanlarda sağladığı imkanlarla insan ömrünün uzamasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Ancak, uzayan insan ömrünün son evresi olan yaşlılık dönemindeki bireylerin teknolojiyle ilişkisi, sorunsala dönüşebilmektedir. Günümüzde yaşlı bireyler, dijital teknolojilerdeki hızlı gelişmeler ile yaşlılığa ve kendi yaşam tecrübelerine bağlı engeller arasında sıkışıp kalmaktadırlar. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma, yaşlı bireylerden oluşan bir araştırma grubundan hareketle, teknoloji ve yaşlılık ilişkisini analiz etmeyi hedeflemektedir.
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin 100 Yılının Ekonomik Değerlendirmesi ve Çok Kriterli Karar Verme ile Ekonomik Performans Analizi
Authors: Kaya Samut Pınar
Published: July 2024

Bu çalışmada Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluşundan bu yana geride bıraktığı 100 yıllık sürecin ekonomik değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Makalede, 1977-2022 yıllarının ekonomik performansları bir Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemi olan TOPSIS ile analiz edilmiştir. Birden fazla kriterin optimize edilerek durumlar içerisinde en iyi alternatif seçimini sağlayan bu yöntemle, 46 yılın ekonomik performansları elde edilerek karşılaştırılmıştır. İhracat, İthalat, İstihdam, Enflasyon ve Büyüme Hızı olmak üzere beş makroekonomik performans kriteri belirlenmiştir. Bu dönemde ekonomik performansı en yüksek yıl 2021 olurken, en düşük yıl ise 1994 olmuştur. 1977-2022 yıllarına ait ekonomik performans değişkenleri çeşitli veri tabanlarından alınıp düzenlenerek makalede sunulmuştur. 1980 öncesi yıllara ait elde edilebilen ekonomik gösterge verileri ise çeşitli kaynaklardan toplanıp bir araya getirilmiş ve bu verilerin ışığında istatiksel ve grafiksel yöntemlerle ekonomik değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Makalede, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ekonomisi; 1923-1938 Atatürk Dönemi, 1940-1950 dönemi, 1950-1960 ve 1960-1980 dönemleri ekonomilerinin değerlendirilmesi ve 1977-2022 yılları arası Ekonomik Performans Analizi şeklinde alt başlıklarla incelenmiştir.
A Chip War Made in Germany? US Techno‐Dependencies, China Chokepoints, and the German Semiconductor Industry
Authors: Germann Julian , Rolf Steve , Baines Joseph , Starrs Sean Kenji
Published: July 2024

As geo-economic and geopolitical rivalries intensify, the US is weaponizing its power in global semiconductor supply chains to restrict Chinese technological development. To win this chip war against China, the US must compel key foreign firms in Asia and Europe not to supply its adversary with the materials, tools, and know-how needed to make advanced semiconductors. But will these firms agree to follow the US chip embargo and avoid the lucrative Chinese market? This article examines Germany’s “China chokepoint” firms, whose identity and behavior remain critically understudied. Drawing on novel data sets and annual company reports, we show that German firms across three case studies are highly “techno-dependent” on the US. Despite this techno-dependence, German firms have so far sought to circumnavigate US export controls. This constitutes a puzzle because Germany’s semiconductor firms are no more involved in the Chinese market than are firms in Japan and South Korea—which have frequently signaled voluntary compliance or even withdrawn from China in anticipation of harsher US sanctions. To resolve this puzzle, we map out Germany’s semiconductor network and demonstrate that it is tightly articulated with Germany’s auto industry—which is in turn heavily exposed to Chinese markets. We propose that this secondary exposure, through firms’ embeddedness in Germany’s “national production regime,” encourages them to resist the US chip embargo. In this way, we contribute empirical and conceptual insights to international political economy scholarship on firms as geo-economic actors, actively engaged in a protracted and contentious policy process with US authorities.
Polymyxin B neurotoxicity as manifestation of a serious life-threatening adverse reaction: clinical case
Authors: Sytov A. V. , Epifanova N. Yu. , Yukhina A. I. , Grishenkin I. Yu.
Published: July 2024

The aim of this work is to describe a clinical case of a serious life-threatening adverse reaction in the form of neurotoxicity (convulsions, apnea requiring mechanical ventilation) to the polymyxin B drug, and also to remind that manifestations of neurotoxicity can be extremely varied and nonspecific, and do not occur after every administration, can be delayed, require vigilance and careful monitoring both from the attending physicians and from anesthesiologistsresuscitators, neurologists, ophthalmologists, etc.

A 62-year-old female patient diagnosed with stage IIIB T4G3N0M0 pleomorphic soft tissue sarcoma of the right thigh, condition after combination treatment, developed infection and necrosis of the postoperative wound (recto-abdominal flap). According to the results of a microbiological study and an antibiogram, the patient received polymyxin B as part of combination antibacterial therapy. On days 4, 5, 6, 7 of polymyxin administration, the patient experienced the following symptoms in various combinations: weakness, numbness of the face, paresthesia, paresis of the limbs, partial convulsions, respiratory depression, and apnea.

After establishing a connection between neurologicalsymptoms and intravenous administration of polymyxin B (the total score on the Naranjo scale was 6 points, the degree of reliability of the “adverse reaction–drug” relationship was probable) and drug withdrawal, manifestations of neurotoxicity completely disappeared and did not reoccur. The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition.

In a patient with symptoms of damage to the nervous system, it is necessary to conduct multiple differential diagnostic search to exclude stroke, epilepsy, encephalitis, hereditary and acquired neurodegenerative diseases, as well as side effects of medications. At the slightest suspicion of the likelihood of an adverse reaction to polymyxin B/colistimethate sodium, the Naranjo algorithm must be used to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the adverse reaction and the drug.