bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing human to electronic observers to monitor hand hygiene compliance in an intensive care unit
Authors: Casaroto Eduardo , Generoso Jose R. , Serpa Neto Ary , Prado Marcelo , Gagliardi Guilherme M. , de Menezes Fernando Gatti , Gonçalves Priscila , Hohmann Fábio Barlem , Olivato Guilherme Benfatti , Gonçalves Gustavo Potratz , Xavier Nathalia , Fernandes Miguel Marcelo , Edmond Michael B. , Marra Alexandre R.
Published: September 2022

Objective:

We sought to determine whether an electronic hand hygiene (HH) system could monitor HH compliance at similar rates to direct human observation.

Methods:

This 4-year proof-of-concept study was conducted in an intensive care unit (ICU) of a private tertiary-care hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, where electronic HH systems were installed in 2 rooms. HH compliance was reported respectively using direct observation and electronic counter devices with an infrared system for detecting HH opportunities.

Results:

In phase 1, HH compliance by human observers was 56.3% (564 of 1,001 opportunities), while HH compliance detected by the electronic observer was 51.0% (515 of 1,010 opportunities). In phase 2, human observers registered 484 HH opportunities with a HH compliance rate of 64.7% (313 of 484) versus 70.6% (346 of 490) simultaneously detected by the electronic system. In addition, an enhanced HH electronic system monitored activity 24 hours per day and HH compliance without the presence of a human observer was 40.3% (10,642 of 26,421 opportunities), providing evidence for the Hawthorne effect.

Conclusions:

The electronic HH monitoring system had good correlation with human HH observation, but compliance was remarkably lower when human observers were not present due to the Hawthorne effect (25%–30% absolute difference). Electronic monitoring systems can replace direct observation and can markedly reduce the Hawthorne effect.
Expanding Access to Naloxone: A Necessary Step to Curb the Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Houser Ryan
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 Pandemic has exacerbated the already worsening opioid epidemic within the United States. With a continuing increase in opioid overdose deaths, measures are needed to halt the needless number of deaths and begin on a path of recovery to address all the factors that impact the epidemic. The CDC has provided various recommendations to combat the increases in opioid overdose deaths. These recommendations have included expanded distribution and use of naloxone and overdose prevention education as essential services for people most at risk of overdose. While strategies should include the increase in community resources for those with opioid disorder and shifting the perspectives of healthcare to view opioid disorder as a chronic illness that can be treated with medication such as buprenorphine, these methods are not immediate enough to stop the trend in deaths. The United States must take immediate action to expand access to and use of Naloxone for the public and first responders. Naloxone alone cannot address the magnitude of this epidemic, but it is an essential first step in preventing immediate death while a multimodal strategy is enacted to fully protect those most at risk.
Historical Scholarship and Training at Ife: Growth, Personalities, and Professorships, 1962–2022
Authors: Amusa Saheed B. , Adesoji Abimbola O.
Published: September 2022

This paper is the first part of a detailed historical assessment of historical scholarship and training at the Department of History of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. It examines the growth and development of the Department since the inception of the University in 1962. It discusses the pioneer academic staff of the Department and subsequent people that taught in the Department over the years. The paper shows that the Department of History at Ife has excelled in all areas of historical scholarship over the years and that its professors and other scholars have contributed immensely to the reconstruction of African past. This is done through brief but succinct profiling of the professors and their professorial inaugural lectures as well as other scholars affiliated with the Department. The paper concludes that the Department of History at the Obafemi Awolowo University is a force to reckon with in the comity of schools of history in sub-Saharan Africa.
The importance of viruses in ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Shorr Andrew F. , Ilges Daniel T. , Micek Scott T. , Kollef Marin H.
Published: September 2022

Objective:

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a challenge. The importance of viruses in VAP is not established. We sought to determine the prevalence of viruses in VAP and the outcomes of viral VAP.

Design:

Retrospective study of VAP over 3 years. The frequency of a viral process represented the primary endpoint. Clinical outcomes served as secondary endpoints. We identified variables independently associated with a virus and conducted sensitivity analyses to assess the interaction between type of infection and patient characteristics.

Setting:

Tertiary-care referral center.

Patients:

The final cohort consisted of 710 patients and a virus was isolated in 5.1%.

Interventions:

None.

Results:

The most common viruses included: rhinovirus, influenza A, and cytomegalovirus. Baseline characteristics were similar between those with and without viral infections. In logistic regression, immunosuppression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44–6.14) and stem-cell transplantation (SCT, aOR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.17–10.99) were independently associated with a virus. The presence of either variable performed poorly as a screening test for a virus. In-hospital (22.4% vs 21.6%; P = .869) and 30-day (32.8% vs 27.9%; P = .448) mortality rates were similar between the cohorts, respectively. Sensitivity analyses restricted to patients without a mixed viral and bacterial infection or those who were immunocompetent yielded similar results.

Conclusion:

Although infrequent, a range of viruses may cause VAP. Viruses more often complicate SCT and immunosuppression, but one can isolate viruses in immunocompetent subjects. Viral VAP produces severe infection and results in high mortality rates. Clinical features do not differentiate viral from nonviral VAP.
Ensemble Kalman method for learning turbulence models from indirect observation data
Authors: Zhang Xin-Lei , Xiao Heng , Luo Xiaodong , He Guowei
Published: September 2022

In this work, we propose using an ensemble Kalman method to learn a nonlinear eddy viscosity model, represented as a tensor basis neural network, from velocity data. Data-driven turbulence models have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional models for providing closure mapping from the mean velocities to Reynolds stresses. Most data-driven models in this category need full-field Reynolds stress data for training, which not only places stringent demand on the data generation but also makes the trained model ill-conditioned and lacks robustness. This difficulty can be alleviated by incorporating the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver in the training process. However, this would necessitate developing adjoint solvers of the RANS model, which requires extra effort in code development and maintenance. Given this difficulty, we present an ensemble Kalman method with an adaptive step size to train a neural-network-based turbulence model by using indirect observation data. To our knowledge, this is the first such attempt in turbulence modelling. The ensemble method is first verified on the flow in a square duct, where it correctly learns the underlying turbulence models from velocity data. Then the generalizability of the learned model is evaluated on a family of separated flows over periodic hills. It is demonstrated that the turbulence model learned in one flow can predict flows in similar configurations with varying slopes.
Scale-to-scale turbulence modification by small settling particles
Authors: Hassaini Roumaissa , Coletti Filippo
Published: September 2022

Despite decades of investigations, there is still no consensus on whether inertial particles augment or dampen turbulence. Here, we perform the first experimental study in which the particle concentration is varied systematically across a broad range of volume fractions

$\varPhi _{v}$

, from nominally one-way coupled to heavily two-way coupled regimes, keeping all other parameters constant. We utilize a zero-mean flow chamber where steady, homogeneous and approximately isotropic air turbulence is realized, with a Taylor-microscale Reynolds number

$Re_{\lambda } = 150\unicode{x2013}300$

. We consider spherical solid particles of two sizes, both much smaller than the Kolmogorov length, and yielding Stokes numbers

$St_{\eta } = 0.3$

and 2.6 based on the Kolmogorov time scale. By adjusting the turbulent intensity, the settling velocity parameter is kept constant for both cases,

$Sv_{\eta } = V_{t}/u_{\eta }\approx 3$

(where

$V_{t}$

is the still-air terminal velocity, and

$u_{\eta }$

is the Kolmogorov velocity scale). Unlike previous studies focused on massively inertial particles, we find that the turbulent kinetic energy increases with particle loading, being more than doubled at

$\varPhi _{v} =5\times 10^{-5}$

. This is attributed to the energy input associated with gravitational settling: the particles release their potential energy into the fluid and increase its dissipation rate, while the time scale associated with the inter-scale energy transfer is not strongly changed. Two-point statistics indicate that the energy-containing eddies become vertically elongated in the presence of falling particles, and that the latter redistribute the energy more homogeneously across the scales compared to unladen turbulence. This is rooted in an enhanced cascade, as shown by the nonlinear inter-scale energy transfer rate.
Product differentiation and the relative importance of wine attributes: U.S. retail prices
Authors: Chandra Raj , Moschini GianCarlo
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates the relative importance of various attributes, including varietal, brands, and geographic origin, in explaining retail wine prices for the United States market. We use a metric based on the Shapely value, from cooperative game theory, in the context of an empirical hedonic price equation estimated using a large sample of retail wine sales for home consumption over the period 2007–2019. We find that brands alone explain more than 70% of the variation in wine prices, but geographic origin and varietals retain additional explanatory power. Furthermore, information about the geographic origin appears to be a considerably more important attribute than varietals.
Mycoprotein ingestion within or without its wholefood matrix results in equivalent stimulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in resting and exercised muscle of young men
Authors: West Sam , Monteyne Alistair J. , Whelehan Gráinne , Abdelrahman Doaa R. , Murton Andrew J. , Finnigan Tim J. A. , Blackwell Jamie R. , Stephens Francis B. , Wall Benjamin T.
Published: September 2022

Ingestion of mycoprotein stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) rates to a greater extent than concentrated milk protein when matched for leucine content, potentially attributable to the wholefood nature of mycoprotein. We hypothesised that bolus ingestion of mycoprotein as part of its wholefood matrix would stimulate MPS rates to a greater extent compared with a leucine-matched bolus of protein concentrated from mycoprotein. Twenty-four healthy young (age, 21 ± 2 years; BMI, 24 ± 3 kg.m2) males received primed, continuous infusions of L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine and completed a bout of unilateral resistance leg exercise before ingesting either 70 g mycoprotein (MYC; 31·4 g protein, 2·5 g leucine; n 12) or 38·2 g of a protein concentrate obtained from mycoprotein (PCM; 28·0 g protein, 2·5 g leucine; n 12). Blood and muscle samples (vastus lateralis) were taken pre- and (4 h) post-exercise/protein ingestion to assess postabsorptive and postprandial myofibrillar protein fractional synthetic rates (FSR) in resting and exercised muscle. Protein ingestion increased plasma essential amino acid and leucine concentrations (P < 0·0001), but more rapidly (both 60 v. 90 min; P < 0·0001) and to greater magnitudes (1367 v. 1346 μmol·l–1 and 298 v. 283 μmol·l–1, respectively; P < 0·0001) in PCM compared with MYC. Protein ingestion increased myofibrillar FSR (P < 0·0001) in both rested (MYC, Δ0·031 ± 0·007 %·h–1 and PCM, Δ0·020 ± 0·008 %·h–1) and exercised (MYC, Δ0·057 ± 0·011 %·h–1 and PCM, Δ0·058 ± 0·012 %·h–1) muscle, with no differences between conditions (P > 0·05). Mycoprotein ingestion results in equivalent postprandial stimulation of resting and post-exercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates irrespective of whether it is consumed within or without its wholefood matrix.
Reconstructing sedimentary processes in a Permian channel–lobe transition zone: an outcrop study in the Karoo Basin, South Africa
Authors: Pohl F , Eggenhuisen JT , de Leeuw J , Cartigny MJB , Brooks HL , Spychala YT
Published: September 2022

Turbidity currents commonly bypass sediment in submarine channels on the continental slope, and deposit sediment lobes farther down-dip on the flat and unconfined abyssal plain. Seafloor and outcrop data have shown that the transition from bypass to deposition usually occurs over complex zones referred to as channel–lobe transition zones (CLTZs). Recognition of these zones in cores and outcrop remains challenging due to a lack of characteristic sedimentary facies and structures. This paper focuses on Unit E of the Permian Fort Brown Formation in the Karoo Basin, South Africa, in the Slagtersfontein outcrop complex, which has previously been interpreted as a CLTZ. This study integrates thin-section micrographs, sedimentary facies, bed-set and stratigraphic architecture, and palaeoflow directions to achieve a multiscale analysis of CLTZ features. A novel process-based facies scheme is developed to evaluate deposits in terms of the depositional or erosional tendencies of the flows that formed them. This scheme allows bypass to be distinguished from depositional zones by the spatial distribution of certain sediment facies. Areas of net sediment bypass were predominantly marked by erosive sediment facies and a larger variability in palaeoflow direction while depositional areas showed a lower variability in palaeoflow directions. Metre-scale structures in the bypass-dominated area reveal seafloor erosion and scour formation. Field relations suggest the presence of a ∼500 m long mega-scour in the CLTZ. The characteristic structures documented here are applicable for identifying CLTZs in sparse datasets such as outcrops with limited palaeogeographical context and sediment cores obtained from subsurface systems.
From Forced to Voluntary Labour in Rural Africa: The Transition to Paid Voluntary Labour on the Roads of the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast
Authors: Pont Cháfer María José
Published: September 2022

Forced labour was central to the provision of public infrastructure in African colonies. Whereas current historiography focuses on the role of external drivers, such as humanitarian organizations or the Forced Labour Convention of 1930, in triggering change, no attention has been paid to the local initiatives that contributed to the end of forced labour. This article explores the transition to paid voluntary labour in the context of road building and maintenance in the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast, a region where incentives to resort to compulsion were very high due to the lack of alternative sources of revenue to finance public works. The article shows that movements away from forced labour were shaped by local conditions, and rural populations played a crucial part in the shifts in labour relations.
Sentencing Reform in Tanzania: Moving from Uhuru to Ubuntu?
Authors: Roberts Julian V , Hoseah Edward
Published: September 2022

The scholarly literature on sentencing reform has largely overlooked the African continent. The paucity of legal scholarship is particularly striking with respect to Tanzania, one of Africa's largest and most populous countries. This article explores the first significant sentencing reform in Tanzania's history. In 2020, the Tanzanian judiciary issued a comprehensive set of sentencing guidelines for courts to follow. Until this point, sentencing was a highly discretionary stage of the criminal process, and the Tanzanian penal code offered very little guidance with respect to the exercise of that discretion. After providing a brief summary of the new sentencing regime, we explore the innovative guidance contained in the reforms. In the conclusion we discuss the extent to which the Tanzanian reforms reflect core African values of Ubuntu, or more specifically in the case of Tanzania, Ujamaa, the philosophy popularized by Tanzania's first president, Julius Nyerere.
Using population surveys and models to reassess the conservation status of an endemic Amazonian titi monkey in a deforestation hotspot
Authors: Silva Felipe Ennes , Pacca Luciana Gosi , Lemos Lisley Pereira , Gusmão Almério Câmara , da Silva Odair Diogo , Dalponte Júlio César , Franco Caetano L.B. , Santana Marcelo Ismar , Buss Gerson , El Bizri Hani R.
Published: September 2022

Assessing the conservation status of species is essential for implementing appropriate conservation measures. A lack of evidence of threats, rather than showing an absence of impacts, could reflect a lack of studies on how human activities could result in species population declines. The range of Prince Bernhard's titi monkeyPlecturocebus bernhardiis restricted to the Arc of Deforestation, a deforestation hotspot in south-eastern Amazonia. Despite this, it is categorized as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. To reassess the conservation status ofP. bernhardi, we carried out surveys during 2015–2017 to delimit the geographical distribution of the species and estimate its population density and abundance. We then used spatial predictive modelling to examine future habitat and population loss within its range.Plecturocebus bernhardioccurs over an area of 131,295 km2. Its mean group size was 2.8 individuals/group and its density 10.8 individuals/km2and 3.8 groups/km2. Habitat loss was estimated to be 58,365 km2(44.5% of its current range) over the next 24 years (threeP. bernhardigenerations) under a conservative governance model of deforestation and 105,289 km2(80.2%) under a business-as-usual model. These numbers indicate thatP. bernhardiis threatened and should be categorized as Vulnerable, at least, using the IUCN Red List criteria. We recommend the reassessment of other Least Concern primate species from the Arc of Deforestation using a similar approach.
FIVE SUGGESTIONS FOR AN ASPIRING COMPOSITION TEACHER: TOWARDS AN INCLUSIVE COMPOSITIONAL PEDAGOGY
Authors: Alessandrini Patricia
Published: September 2022

This article takes a recent interview with Chaya Czernowin, ‘5 Things Harvard's Chaya Czernowin Suggests You Do as an Aspiring Composer’, as a point of departure for a series of reflections on compositional pedagogy focusing specifically on inclusion. It proposes a less restrictive definition of a ‘composer’ and a decentring of career expectations in favour of embracing a range of creative sound-making practices. It goes on to underline the importance of transnational and transcultural perspectives, of experimentation and the risk of failure, and of listening skills that transcend style and culture. In these latter two sections, specific classroom techniques are cited: Maria Chavez's creative workshop on failure, and Thea Musgrave's ‘critique’ sessions, in which students listen critically to compositions without prior knowledge of their title or author. The final section addresses the question of evaluation, positing that lowering the stakes of individual assessments encourages students to branch out and take risks. It also calls into question the weight given to forms of evaluation, such as recommendation letters, that may pose particular problems of bias. In the conclusion, it looks to recent decolonisation movements in music for models of structural changes that could help to enact the essay's propositions.
Life, mind, agency: Why Markov blankets fail the test of evolution
Authors: Veit Walter , Browning Heather
Published: September 2022

There has been much criticism of the idea that Friston's free-energy principle can unite the life and mind sciences. Here, we argue that perhaps the greatest problem for the totalizing ambitions of its proponents is a failure to recognize the importance of evolutionary dynamics and to provide a convincing adaptive story relating free-energy minimization to organismal fitness.
Bayesian realism and structural representation
Authors: Kiefer Alex , Hohwy Jakob
Published: September 2022

We challenge the authors' view that Markov blankets are illicitly reified when used to describe organismic boundaries. We do this both on general methodological grounds, where we appeal to a form of structural realism derived from Bayesian cognitive science to dissolve the problem, and by rebutting specific arguments in the target article.
Making reification concrete: A response to Bruineberg et al.
Authors: Andrews Mel
Published: September 2022

The principal target of this article is the reification Bruineberg et al. perceive of formalism within the literature on the variational free energy minimization (VFEM) framework. The authors do not provide a definition of reification, as none yet exists. Here I offer one. On this definition, the objects of the authors' critiques fall short of full-blown reification – as do the authors themselves.
Markov blankets do not demarcate the boundaries of the mind
Authors: Menary Richard , Gillett Alexander J.
Published: September 2022

We agree with Bruineberg and colleagues' main claims. However, we urge for a more forceful critique by focusing on the extended mind debate. We argue that even once the Pearl and Friston versions of the Markov blanket have been untangled, that neither is sufficient for tackling and resolving the question of demarcating the boundaries of the mind.
Spatiotemporal constraints of causality: Blanket closure emerges from localized interactions between temporally separable subsystems
Authors: Hesp Casper
Published: September 2022

In this commentary, I first acknowledge points of common ground with the target article by Bruineberg and colleagues. Then, I consider how certain ambiguities could be resolved by considering spatiotemporal constraints on causality. In particular I show how blanket closure emerges from localized interactions between temporally separable subsystems, and how this points to valuable directions of future research. Finally, I close with a process note discussing the allegorical implications of the authors' creative title.
The Emperor Is Naked: Replies to commentaries on the target article
Authors: Bruineberg Jelle , Dołęga Krzysztof , Dewhurst Joe , Baltieri Manuel
Published: September 2022

The 35 commentaries cover a wide range of topics and take many different stances on the issues explored by the target article. We have organised our response to the commentaries around three central questions: Are Friston blankets just Pearl blankets? What ontological and metaphysical commitments are implied by the use of Friston blankets? What kind of explanatory work are Friston blankets capable of? We conclude our reply with a short critical reflection on the indiscriminate use of both Markov blankets and the free energy principle.
A study of the EGM2008 model of Earth's gravitational field
Authors: Koks Don
Published: September 2022

The Earth Gravity Model 2008 (EGM2008) is now some years old, and yet information on how to use it to calculate Earth's gravity remains obscure outside the field of geodesy. We describe the mathematics necessary to implement EGM2008, and use this to discuss several points of the model: its sensitivity to the number of spherical harmonics being summed, nuances and a trap for physicists and mathematicians in the normalisation it uses, and a comparison with other work. We conclude that one must not overestimate the precision shown by a global-fit model such as EGM2008.
Fold–unfold lemmas for reasoning about recursive programs using the Coq proof assistant
Authors: DANVY OLIVIER
Published: September 2022

Fold–unfold lemmas complement the rewrite tactic in the Coq Proof Assistant to reason about recursive functions, be they defined locally or globally. Each of the structural cases gives rise to a fold–unfold lemma that equates a call to this function in that case with the corresponding case branch. As such, they are “boilerplate” and can be generated mechanically, though stating them by hand is a learning experience for a beginner, to say nothing about explaining them. Their proof is generic. Their use is precise (e.g., in terms with multiple calls) and they scale seamlessly (e.g., to continuation-passing style and to various patterns of recursion), be the reasoning equational or relational. In the author’s experience, they prove effective in the classroom, considering the clarity of discourse in the subsequent term reports and oral exams, and beyond the classroom, considering their subsequent use when continuing to work with the Coq Proof Assistant. Fold–unfold lemmas also provide a measure of understanding as well as of control about what is cut short when one uses a shortcut, i.e., an automated simplification tactic. Since Version 8.0, the functional-induction plugin provides them for functions that are defined globally, i.e., recursive equations, and so does the Equations plugin now, both for global and for local declarations, a precious help for advanced users.
Microbial protocols for spacecraft: 2. Biocidal effects of Delrin and nylon in sealed compartments may enhance bioburden reductions in planetary spacecraft
Authors: Schuerger Andrew C. , Schwendner Petra , Tucker Rachel T.
Published: September 2022

Interplanetary spacecraft are assembled with thousands of parts composed of many diverse materials. Little is known on whether any of the spacecraft materials are biocidal to the typical microbiomes that develop on spacecraft during pre-launch processing. During ongoing experiments to examine the interactive effects of solar UV irradiation, solar heating, ionizing radiation, and vacuum, we observed that bacterial spores of three Bacillus spp. were killed when incubated within small vacuum chambers for 5 days – without exposure to the aforementioned factors. Eight potential spacecraft materials were tested within the vacuum chambers for biocidal activities against spores of B. atrophaeus ATCC 9372, B. pumilus SAFR-032 and B. subtilis 168. All three species were fully inactivated (i.e., no survivors detected) by machined parts manufactured from Delrin®; a thermoplastic polyacetal polymer. Although not tested here, it is known that Delrin can off-gas formaldehyde, and thus, we hypothesize that this volatile organic compound (VOC) was responsible for the biocidal activity of the material. Knowledge of the biocidal nature of routinely used spacecraft materials might offer diverse methods to inactivate deeply embedded or shielded microbiota within spacecraft via the release of biocidal VOCs.
Recruitment biology of cleavers (Galium spp.) populations in western Canada
Authors: De Roo Andrea , Tozzi Eric , Benaragama Dilshan I. , Willenborg Christian J.
Published: September 2022

Two species of cleavers, Galium aparine L. and Galium spurium L., are known to inhabit croplands in western Canada. The latter is the more abundant of the two species. An increased abundance of these species over the most recent decades warrants a more comprehensive understanding of their developmental phenology and the cause of this increase. This study aimed to identify the base temperature and emergence characteristics of Galium spp. across different populations from western Canada. A thermal gradient plate experiment was conducted using five G. spurium populations collected from various Saskatchewan (SK) and Alberta (AB) locations. One known G. aparine reference sample was also included. A common garden experiment was conducted using the six Galium spp. populations to determine emergence characteristics. The base germination temperature identified was 2 C for all populations of G. spurium and 4 C for G. aparine. The median germination temperature for G. aparine was 8.34 C, whereas G. spurium had a similar median germination temperature of 6.5 C. Despite similar germination characteristics, the field emergence study revealed differences between populations’ initiation of emergence (150 to 250 growing degree days [GDD]) and time to 50% emergence (275 to 470 GDD) in spring. Highly variable emergence among years and populations within the year (200 to 600 GDD in 2013 and 100 to 200 GDD in 2014) were observed during fall, probably due to differences in moisture availability. Cumulative emergence among populations in fall was very low (1% to 9%) compared with spring emergence (2% to 17%). Overall, this study provides evidence for a low base temperature and differences in emergence periodicity among populations, both of which may be significant factors contributing to the seasonal success of this species.
Emotional Intelligence as a Personality State
Authors: Zampetakis Leonidas A. , Mitropoulou Eirini M.
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Contemporary research has begun to explore the notion that emotional intelligence (EI) has an important state component in addition to the trait component, as represented in the whole trait theory. This implies that state EI (or enacted EI) has similar cognitive, affective, and motivational contents as its corresponding trait. The question, however, of whether a trait EI construct means the same across the individual (trait) and state levels of analysis has not been empirically investigated. To address this gap, the present study examines the assessment of enacted EI, using the full version of the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) on both between-person and within-person levels of analysis. Participants were 493 Greek employees who completed the WLEIS for 5 consecutive workdays. Multilevel confirmatory factor analyses confirmed that the original four-factor multilevel model appeared to best fit the data. Multilevel measurement invariance analysis supported the equivalence of the measure across different levels of analysis. In conclusion, the WLEIS is a configural cluster construct, believed to be a valuable and reliable tool for assessing enacted EI within the workplace. Implications for future research on enacted EI are discussed.
Flood Risk to Hospitals on the United States Atlantic and Gulf Coasts From Hurricanes and Sea Level Rise
Authors: Tarabochia‐Gast A. T. , Michanowicz D. R. , Bernstein A. S.
Published: September 2022

Hurricanes have caused major healthcare system disruptions. No systematic assessment of hurricane risk to United States hospital‐based healthcare delivery has been performed. Here, we show that 25 of 78 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) on the United States Atlantic and Gulf Coasts have half or more of their hospitals at risk of flooding from relatively weak hurricanes. 0.82 m of sea level rise expected within this century from climate change increases the odds of hospital flooding 22%. Furthermore, in 18 MSAs at least half of the roads within 1.6 km of hospitals were at risk of flooding from a category 2 storm. These findings identify previously undescribed risks to hospital‐based care delivery in Atlantic and Gulf Coast communities. They suggest that lower intensity hurricanes can have outsized impacts on healthcare access, particularly in places where per capita bed availability is low.
Seismicity Induced at the Northern Dead Sea Transform Fault, Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) Basin, by Shallow Creep Involving a Salt Body
Authors: Barnea Cohen O. , Cesca S. , Dahm T. , Hofstetter A. , Hamiel Y. , Agnon A.
Published: September 2022

In October 2013 and July–August 2018, two extensive earthquake swarms shook the northern reaches of Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee). Former studies explored the swarms, resulting in discrepant depths and mechanisms. Here, we attempt to settle the discrepant interpretations using alternative seismological methods and some unpublished data from borehole seismometers. We propose a hypothesis for the faulting phenomenon focusing on the interaction of the two plate boundary segments that step‐over the northern Kinneret depocenter: a creeping segment in the south and a locked segment in the north. The energy accumulated from the interaction induces earthquake swarms from time to time. A shallow fault patch (from the surface down to 1.5 ± 1.0 km) south of the swarms is thought to creep in association with a salt formation underlying some of the basin fill. We use regional seismograms, including two near‐source borehole stations, to refine the characteristics of the swarms. We test hypocentral and centroid depths using several methods and different velocity models and corroborate shallow ruptures: the majority are shallower than 6 km (all shallower than ≤10 km). The hypocentral locations and focal mechanisms suggest shallow NW‐SE normal faults splaying from the tip of the creeping segment in a horsetail pattern. We test the hypothesis by Coulomb stress calculations that show stress concentration at the step‐over interaction zone, consistent with focal locations and mechanisms of the earthquake swarms.
Seismic Reflection and Potential Field Constraints on Imbrication and Exhumation of the Paleoarchean Narryer Terrane, Yilgarn Craton
Authors: Sellars Samantha E. , Calvert Andrew J. , Doublier Michael P.
Published: September 2022

The Narryer Terrane, which is located on the northwest margin of the Yilgarn Craton, is one of the oldest preserved blocks of continental crust on Earth with rocks as old as 3.73 Ga and detrital zircons up to 4.4 Ga. In 2010‐11, three deep seismic reflection profiles were acquired over the terrane, and interpreted to show that during the Neoarchean the Narryer Terrane was thrust over the northwest edge of the Youanmi Terrane, which represents the core of the Yilgarn Craton, and in turn underthrust from the north by the Glenburgh Terrane during the Paleoproterozoic. We have reprocessed the seismic data to improve the imaging, extract 3D reflector orientations, and determine near‐surface velocity models. We locate the shear zone along which the Narryer Terrane was exhumed and correlate upper crustal faults interpreted in the seismic data with near‐surface faults and shear zones identified in a regional map of the first vertical derivative of the total magnetic field. One >150 km and two ∼50 km long shear zones divide the exposed Narryer Terrane into distinct structural domains that were probably juxtaposed relatively late in the thrusting of the Narryer Terrane over the Youanmi Terrane in the Paleoproterozoic. While most supracrustal rocks occur in the Northern and Southern domains, the Western Domain where magmatic ages are <3.0 Ga, high mass density, consistent with exhumation from the middle‐lower crust, and is made up of four blocks that exhibit differing patterns of seismic reflectivity, indicating they were likely combined prior to their exhumation.
Phase separation of low-complexity domains in cellular function and disease
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Cho Hana , Kwon Ilmin
Published: September 2022

In this review, we discuss the ways in which recent studies of low-complexity (LC) domains have challenged our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cellular organization. LC sequences, long believed to function in the absence of a molecular structure, are abundant in the proteomes of all eukaryotic organisms. Over the past decade, the phase separation of LC domains has emerged as a fundamental mechanism driving dynamic multivalent interactions of many cellular processes. We review the key evidence showing the role of phase separation of individual proteins in organizing cellular assemblies and facilitating biological function while implicating the dynamics of phase separation as a key to biological validity and functional utility. We also highlight the evidence showing that pathogenic LC proteins alter various phase separation-dependent interactions to elicit debilitating human diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Progress in understanding the biology of phase separation may offer useful hints toward possible therapeutic interventions to combat the toxicity of pathogenic proteins.
Genome wide DNA methylation analysis identifies novel molecular subgroups and predicts survival in neuroblastoma
Authors: Lalchungnunga H. , Hao Wen , Maris John M. , Asgharzadeh Shahab , Henrich Kai-Oliver , Westermann Frank , Tweddle Deborah A. , Schwalbe Edward C. , Strathdee Gordon
Published: September 2022

Background

Neuroblastoma is the most common malignancy in infancy, accounting for 15% of childhood cancer deaths. Outcome for the high-risk disease remains poor. DNA-methylation patterns are significantly altered in all cancer types and can be utilised for disease stratification.

Methods

Genome-wide DNA methylation (n = 223), gene expression (n = 130), genetic/clinical data (n = 213), whole-exome sequencing (n = 130) was derived from the TARGET study. Methylation data were derived from HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays. t-SNE was used for the segregation of molecular subgroups. A separate validation cohort of 105 cases was studied.

Results

Five distinct neuroblastoma molecular subgroups were identified, based on genome-wide DNA-methylation patterns, with unique features in each, including three subgroups associated with known prognostic features and two novel subgroups. As expected, Cluster-4 (infant diagnosis) had significantly better 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) than the four other clusters. However, in addition, the molecular subgrouping identified multiple patient subsets with highly increased risk, most notably infant patients that do not map to Cluster-4 (PFS 50% vs 80% for Cluster-4 infants,P = 0.005), and allowed identification of subgroup-specific methylation differences that may reflect important biological differences within neuroblastoma.

Conclusions

Methylation-based clustering of neuroblastoma reveals novel molecular subgroups, with distinct molecular/clinical characteristics and identifies a subgroup of higher-risk infant patients.
Cell death and inflammation during obesity: “Know my methods, WAT(son)”
Authors: Hildebrandt Ximena , Ibrahim Mohamed , Peltzer Nieves
Published: September 2022

Obesity is a state of low-grade chronic inflammation that causes multiple metabolic diseases. During obesity, signalling via cytokines of the TNF family mediate cell death and inflammation within the adipose tissue, eventually resulting in lipid spill-over, glucotoxicity and insulin resistance. These events ultimately lead to ectopic lipid deposition, glucose intolerance and other metabolic complications with life-threatening consequences. Here we review the literature on how inflammatory responses affect metabolic processes such as energy homeostasis and insulin signalling. This review mainly focuses on the role of cell death in the adipose tissue as a key player in metabolic inflammation.
Do patients with unilateral macular neovascularization type 3 need AREDS supplements to slow the progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration?
Authors: Haj Najeeb Bilal , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula
Published: September 2022

Given the wide spectrum of unique characteristics of macular neovascularization type 3 (MNV3) compared with types 1 and 2, we suggest regrading the colour photography assessment of the AREDS study to verify the impact of AREDS supplements on eyes with MNV3.
Metasurface-enhanced light detection and ranging technology
Authors: Juliano Martins Renato , Marinov Emil , Youssef M. Aziz Ben , Kyrou Christina , Joubert Mathilde , Colmagro Constance , Gâté Valentin , Turbil Colette , Coulon Pierre-Marie , Turover Daniel , Khadir Samira , Giudici Massimo , Klitis Charalambos , Sorel Marc , Genevet Patrice
Published: September 2022

Deploying advanced imaging solutions to robotic and autonomous systems by mimicking human vision requires simultaneous acquisition of multiple fields of views, named the peripheral and fovea regions. Among 3D computer vision techniques, LiDAR is currently considered at the industrial level for robotic vision. Notwithstanding the efforts on LiDAR integration and optimization, commercially available devices have slow frame rate and low resolution, notably limited by the performance of mechanical or solid-state deflection systems. Metasurfaces are versatile optical components that can distribute the optical power in desired regions of space. Here, we report on an advanced LiDAR technology that leverages from ultrafast low FoV deflectors cascaded with large area metasurfaces to achieve large FoV (150°) and high framerate (kHz) which can provide simultaneous peripheral and central imaging zones. The use of our disruptive LiDAR technology with advanced learning algorithms offers perspectives to improve perception and decision-making process of ADAS and robotic systems.
Integrity of Newton’s cooling law based on thermal convection theory of heat transfer and entropy transfer
Authors: Zhao Bo
Published: September 2022

Although thermal convection is omnipresent in nature and technology and serves important purposes in various energy transport systems, whether convection can be viewed as an independent heat transfer means has long been argued The constant coefficient in the original version or convective heat transfer coefficient defined in the modern version of Newton’s cooling law quantifies the ratio of the surface heat flux to the temperature difference between a body surface and an adjacent fluid. However, none of the consistent analytical expressions for these two coefficients are present in Newton’s cooling law. The inherently complex relationship between these pending coefficients and convective heat flux vectors makes revealing the convective mechanism extremely difficult. Theoretical determination of these coefficients would bring new insights to thermal convection and direct applications to thermal management. Here we theoretically show consistent analytical expressions for the constant and convective heat transfer coefficients for various flows to make Newton’s cooling law a complete scientific law. For this purpose, a three-dimensional (3D) energy transfer theory of thermal convection is developed, and the convective heat flux vector, entropy flux vector and entropy generation rate inside the system are derived for both single-phase and phase-change flows. By recasting a control volume system into an equivalent control mass system and employing the first and second laws of thermodynamics, the fundamental advective heat transfer mode characterized by temperature differences and entropy changes is demonstrated. The physical implications underlying the 3D convective formulae are elucidated. Comparisons of the analytical results with laminar experiments and turbulent flow measurement benchmark data validate our theoretical findings. Our 3D heat and entropy transfer theory will broaden the research area of thermal convection processes and open up a new arena for the design and thermal management of convective heat transfer in single-phase and phase-change flows.
Brain inspired neuronal silencing mechanism to enable reliable sequence identification
Authors: Hodassman Shiri , Meir Yuval , Kisos Karin , Ben-Noam Itamar , Tugendhaft Yael , Goldental Amir , Vardi Roni , Kanter Ido
Published: September 2022

Real-time sequence identification is a core use-case of artificial neural networks (ANNs), ranging from recognizing temporal events to identifying verification codes. Existing methods apply recurrent neural networks, which suffer from training difficulties; however, performing this function without feedback loops remains a challenge. Here, we present an experimental neuronal long-term plasticity mechanism for high-precision feedforward sequence identification networks (ID-nets) without feedback loops, wherein input objects have a given order and timing. This mechanism temporarily silences neurons following their recent spiking activity. Therefore, transitory objects act on different dynamically created feedforward sub-networks. ID-nets are demonstrated to reliably identify 10 handwritten digit sequences, and are generalized to deep convolutional ANNs with continuous activation nodes trained on image sequences. Counterintuitively, their classification performance, even with a limited number of training examples, is high for sequences but low for individual objects. ID-nets are also implemented for writer-dependent recognition, and suggested as a cryptographic tool for encrypted authentication. The presented mechanism opens new horizons for advanced ANN algorithms.
Deciphering the virulent Vibrio harveyi causing spoilage in muscle of aquatic crustacean Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Gan Lian , Zheng Jianwei , Xu Wei-Hua , Lin Jianhao , Liu Jingshu , Zhang Yu , Wu Zizhan , Lv Zhaolin , Jia Youming , Guo Qingqi , Chen Shijun , Liu Chuanhe , Defoirdt Tom , Qin Qiwei , Liu Yiying
Published: September 2022

The muscle of aquatic crustaceans is perishable and susceptible to environmental contamination. Vibrio harveyi is a widely occurring pathogen in aquatic animals. Here, bath treatment with a virulent V. harveyi strain (which was added directly in the rearing water to imitate environmental contamination) isolated from the muscle of the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, caused the muscle of Li. vannamei to display a whitish-opaque appearance due to microscopic changes including muscle lysis, muscle fiber damage and microbial colonization. When administered orally by incorporating this isolate in feed (which is an imitation of infection via natural route), rather than direct invasion followed by colonization in the muscle, this isolate indirectly stimulated severe muscle necrosis in Li. vannamei via steering the enrichment of two important (human) pathogens, V. cholerae and V. vulnificus, and one environmental bacterium Pseudomonas oleovorans, based on the meta-taxonomic analyses. In addition to the scientifically proven viral diseases, our research proved that bacterial agents are also capable of causing muscle spoilage in crustaceans via changing the microbial composition, and that the crustaceans might be exploited as the wide-spectrum sensitive bio-detector to indicate the extent of microbial contamination.
Numerical study of non-Darcy hybrid nanofluid flow with the effect of heat source and hall current over a slender extending sheet
Authors: Raizah Zehba , Alrabaiah Hussam , Bilal Muhammad , Junsawang Prem , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: September 2022

The current evaluation described the flow features of Darcy Forchhemier hybrid nanoliquid across a slender permeable stretching surface. The consequences of magnetic fields, second order exothermic reaction, Hall current and heat absorption and generation are all accounted to the fluid flow. In the working fluid, silicon dioxide (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano particulates are dispersed to prepare the hybrid nanoliquid. TiO2 and SiO2 NPs are used for around 100 years in a vast number of diverse products. The modeled has been designed as a nonlinear set of PDEs, Which are degraded to the dimensionless system of ODEs by using the similarity transformation. The reduced set of nonlinear ODEs has been numerically estimated through bvp4c package. The outcomes are tested for validity and consistency purpose with the published report and the ND solve technique. It has been noted that the energy curve lessens with the influence of thermodiffusion, Brownian motion and rising number of nanoparticles, while boosts with the result of magnetic field. Furthermore, the concentration outline of hybrid nanoliquid improves with the upshot of chemical reaction.