bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The sports game “volleyball” as a means of preserving and improving the physical health of students of metallurgical specialties
Authors: Hladoshchuk Oleksandr , Chekhlata Liudmyla
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this article was to study the influence on physical fitness of students during volleyball classes in physical education pairs in accordance with the tactical principles of this sport, and to compare them with the work on the standard curriculum for higher education institutions. To solve the research tasks, the following research methods were used: analysis and synthesis of literary sources and scientific and methodological support; pedagogical observation; pedagogical experiment; methods of mathematical statistics. The article deals with the game as a historically formed social phenomenon, as a type of activity, as a means and method of learning, development of motor abilities, and education of moral qualities. Regular physical exercises and sports are of utmost importance in the education of the younger generation. Numerous scientific studies have shown that children grow and develop faster with regular exercise and games. Physical exercises and games contribute to the development of all the basic physical qualities of a child, strengthening his or her health, and forming spiritual and moral qualities. In adolescence, the need for exercise does not fade away, and there is a great need for socialization, finding a common language with peers. We considered the game of volleyball as the main means of preserving and improving the physical health of students of metallurgical specialties. Our research has shown the feasibility of applying the program in the practice of physical education and the effectiveness of the educational process in physical education in higher education institutions.
Pedagogical activity as the basis of pedagogical mastery of a physical culture teacher
Authors: Honcharenko Ivan
Published: March 2024

The article examines the peculiarities of pedagogical activity as a component of the pedagogical skills of future teachers of physical education. The concept of "pedagogical activity", which is understood as a type of activity expressed in procedural and effective aspects, is analyzed. Pedagogical activity is the professional activity of a teacher, in which the tasks of teaching and upbringing are realized with the help of various means of influencing students, it is also noted that pedagogical activity does not begin with setting goals, but with the analysis of the pedagogical situation, which already creates conditions for activity. The pedagogical activity of a physical education teacher is very variable, as are the teaching conditions (gym, street, office). It is noted that the pedagogical activity of a physical culture teacher is reduced not only to the process of imparting knowledge to students, the formation of their motor abilities and skills, and the education of physical qualities, an analysis of the educational and practical activity of students is carried out, an assessment of its effectiveness is made, appropriate corrections are made, that is, current control is carried out. The main directions of the pedagogical activity of the physical culture teacher are indicated, including: diagnostic  identification of the individual qualities of the student; indicative-prognostic teacher's ability to determine goals, purpose, content; constructive-projective involves planning, selection of means, methods of influencing the student; organizational and activity manifested in the organization of various forms of physical education, establishing contacts with schoolchildren, adult environment; communicative - the ability to communicate, establish contacts; analytical-evaluative consists in the analysis of both one's own actions and the actions of pupils; research-creative elucidation of individual and mental characteristics of pupils. It is noted that the pedagogical activity of a physical culture teacher should be aimed at solving the tasks of physical education, which in turn is an important means of physical, social and spiritual development of an individual. It is indicated that the pedagogical activity of a physical culture teacher is a complex, multidimensional and highly dynamic process that takes place in constantly changing conditions, taking into account the age and individual characteristics of children and the teacher's personality.
Formation of resilience of student youth by physical therapy methods
Authors: Latenko Svitlana , Khimich Igor
Published: March 2024

The article examines the negative impact of chronic stress caused by military aggression on the state of mental health of students, which directly affects their desire and ability to study effectively. The purpose of the work: to systematize the negative effects of chronic stress on the health of young people and to outline approaches to the formation of students' resilience using physical therapy methods. Scientific novelty: the main factor in preserving the health of students is an effectively organized pedagogical process and the correct use of pedagogical technologies. Methods of combating stress consist in removing emotional tension and changing a person's psychological mood. Students need to be taught how to manage stress and recover from exhaustion. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), a "stress thermometer", and the subjective units of distress scale (SUDS) are used to monitor the impact of stress on the psycho-emotional state. Physical stress management methods include: regular physical activity, deep breathing, massage, reflexology, progressive muscle relaxation, healthy eating, sleep and rest. Conclusions: 1. The priority of higher education institutions of Ukraine should be the formation of resilience of all participants in the educational process. 2. Since during the war it is impossible to eliminate the source of stress, it is necessary to know its signs and manage it with stress management methods (regular physical activity, healthy diet, relaxation techniques, time planning, making positive changes in life). 3. Prevention of the negative impact of chronic stress on students, the search for resources to restore their physical and mental health, with the help of stress management and physical therapy methods, is a promising direction of scientific research.
Massage, self-massage and other means of physical culture as ways of regulation and restoration of students'body in extreme conditions of war
Authors: Marushchak Maryan , Golub Valentine , Matviіenko Mykhailo
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the work was to clarify the views of the authors on the peculiarities of the use of massage and self-massage as a means of physical culture in the functional purpose of psychophysical adaptation to stressful conditions in the conditions of martial law and extreme training situations. The main tasks of the research are: to carry out an analysis of scientific sources regarding the status of massage and self- massage in the list of means of physical culture and to single out part of the content of psychophysical regulation; to adapt generally accepted recommendations and rules to the social, psychological and physical features of modern living conditions.

The article presents the interpretation of the authors of scientific publications regarding the types of massage and their views on the use of massage therapy in the context of the effect on the nervous system and the regulator of psychological states; variants of adaptation of generally recognized methodical requirements and rules for the use of self-massage to the negative conditions of martial law, manual actions in emergency situations are considered. Consideration of the forms and methods of massage and self-massage in the context of modern living conditions, views on their use for the purpose of psychophysical resistance to tense states of danger and risk should be considered a novelty of the research.

The conclusions indicate the possibility of using the means of physical culture as effective means of regulation and restoration of the body in extreme conditions of the military state; it is emphasized that massage and self-massage can act as a positive way of resisting stressful conditions and expanding the body's adaptive capabilities.
Рrogram of physical and sports rehabilitation of military servicemen after amputation of the lower extremities in the rehabilitation center
Authors: Merzlikina Olga , Tryasun Yuriy , Kovalenchenko Volodymyr
Published: March 2024

Loss of a limb as a result of combat trauma is one of the leading causes of amputation in most countries of the world. The relevance of this problem in Ukraine is connected with the beginning of military operations as a result of Russian aggression. The purpose of the article was to describe the features of the program of physical and sports rehabilitation of military personnel after amputation of the lower limbs in the rehabilitation center. Scientific publications on physical and sports rehabilitation of military personnel after amputation of the lower limbs in the rehabilitation center were analyzed. It is noted that the majority of amputees are recognized as disabled of the I and II groups, and only in the case of successful prosthetics and return to work, they are transferred to the III disability group. The principles, methods and tasks of physical and sports rehabilitation of military personnel after amputation of the lower limbs in the rehabilitation center are defined. In order to create a program of physical and sports rehabilitation of servicemen after amputation of the lower limbs in the rehabilitation center, we first defined its main tasks: increasing the level of physical performance and motor activity, developing strength and endurance, stimulating the processes of adaptation of functional systems to the new conditions of movement of servicemen. Special tasks were determined by evaluations of locomotion defects and required an individual methodical approach in each case. It is indicated that the program of physical and sports rehabilitation of military personnel after amputation of the lower limbs in the rehabilitation center was developed as a single cycle, and it included the following means of physical and sports rehabilitation: complexes of general strengthening and special physical exercises, dosed walking on a prosthesis, classes on simulators. These tools were complemented by independent classes, morning hygienic gymnastics, post-isometric relaxation, mobile and sports games, and psychological influence. A conclusion was made about the necessity of applying the proposed program of physical and sports rehabilitation of military personnel after amputation of the lower limbs in the rehabilitation center.
Investigation into the Benefits of Game-Based Educational Strategies for Enhancing the Physical Fitness of 10–12-Year-Old Kickboxing Athletes
Authors: Roshak O. , Yatsiv Ya.
Published: March 2024

This study examines the benefits of game-based educational strategies for enhancing the physical fitness of 10–12-year-old kickboxing athletes. Considering the developmental aspects of children in this age group, the study focuses on the effects of gaming strategies on enhancing core physical qualities such as strength, speed, endurance, agility, and coordination. Additionally, it addresses the motivational dimension, examining how these game-based approaches foster a growing interest in sports activities among young athletes.

Integrating game-based techniques into the training routine not only inserts excitement and breaks the monotony but also facilitates the continuous incorporation of kickboxing's technical and tactical aspects. This approach enhances athletes' comprehension and quick mastery of essential skills. Emphasis is also placed on customizing the training approach, enabling the adjustment of sessions to meet the distinct requirements of each athlete while reducing the likelihood of sports-related injuries.

The results of the study highlight the substantial benefits of including game-based educational strategies in the training of young kickboxers. These methods boost both the physical and mental growth of the athletes, nurturing a favorable perspective towards sports and competitive activities. It is advised that further exploration and formulation of targeted training schemes, embracing game-based educational strategies, be pursued for their fruitful integration into athletic training routines. Additionally, this research covers the way for a more profound comprehension of how game-based educational strategies can enhance the gaining of technical and tactical competencies among young sports enthusiasts, suggesting innovative training strategies that respect the unique aspects of childhood and the distinct traits of every participant.
The general educational component of the modern training of the future specialist in the specialty 017 physical culture and sports
Authors: Svatiev Andrii , Miftakhutdinova Dina , Symonik Anastasiia
Published: March 2024

In article on the basis of the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, it was found general education component context of preparation of the future of specialist in specialty 017 physical education and sports of professional activity, namely: «education», «professional education», «education», «education and development», «development of the personality».

On the basis of theoretical analysis it was determined that despite the significant amount of research on the organization of process of specialist in specialty 017 physical education and sports in higher educational institutions, the problem of training of the future of specialist of physical culture and sports of professional activity are not well lit. Unresolved issues of compliance with the demands of society in the preparation of future specialists according to the new socio-economic conditions and the existing level of training of these specialists for professional activity.

Exploring the issues related to preparation of the future of coach-teacher to professional activities, the author relied on the development of domestic and Russian scientists, who considered in their study various aspects of preparation of experts in higher educational institutions. The author is of the opinion that today, education is under active reconstruction as personal or individually oriented development and confronts researchers lot of questions.

Personal interaction in the educational process should be based on the internal needs of the teacher to be the most disposed to dialogue with the student, on cooperation and co-creation. Humanistic position of the teacher should be based on maintaining a teacher of his personal integrity and understanding of the integrity of the individual student. Personal approach in education can be understood as a joint activity based on the realization of opportunities of the person as a pupil and teacher. The essence of this approach involves the integrity of the personality of the teacher.
Histopathological changes in the spleen of rats exposed to N,N-dimethylhydrazine with the following protective input of Au/Ag/Fe
Authors: Kramar S. B. , Soroka Yu. V. , Nebesna Z. M. , Korda M. M. , Lisnychuk N. Ye.
Published: March 2024

Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the growing number of studies on nanoparticles of different metals, there is still a lack of reliable information about their ability to work together as a composition and their antitumor effects. It has been established that the regulation of genes encoding proteins of the Bcl-2 family changes in cancer. Bcl-2 family proteins can be a potential target in cancer diagnosis and have a prognostic value in treating cancer with chemotherapeutic drugs. The tumor microenvironment includes myeloid suppressor cells, tumor-associated neutrophils, and tumor-associated macrophages that promote cancer progression and are derived from splenic hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells. The work aimed to ascertain histological changes and expression of Bcl-2 family proteins in the spleen of rats with N,N-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis followed by the protective administration of Au/Ag/Fe nanometal composition. The study was conducted on 72 outbred white male rats. Colon adenocarcinoma was modelled by N,N-dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride administration for 30 weeks. Animals received an aqueous dispersion of Au/Ag/Fe nanoparticles intragastrically once a day for 21 days at a dose of 0.842 mg Ag/0.0526 mg Fe/1.625 μg Au per 1 kg of rat body weight. Paraffin sections of the spleen were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. For immunohistochemical analysis, sections were stained with rabbit monoclonal antibodies to Bcl-2. Under conditions of 30-week exposure to N,N-dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride, blood circulation disorders, stasis, thrombosis, reduction in the size of white pulp lymphatic nodules and loss of their zonation were histologically proved in the rat's spleen. The development of sclerotic processes in the organ was noted. It was indicated that using metal nanoparticles under N,N-dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride-induced colon carcinogenesis leads to less evidenced morphological manifestations of structural changes in the spleen. Immunohistochemically, the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the white pulp of the spleen of animals subjected to correction was lower than in animals without the corrective effect of the composition of nanoparticle metals. Administration of the Au/Ag/Fe metal nanoparticle composition to intact white rats does not cause pathological changes in the spleen morphology. The structural components of the red and white pulp match the typical histological structure of the organ.
Optimization of the selection of the volume of surgical intervention in cases of pronounced morphological and structural changes of the parenchyma in patients with a high risk of developing pancreatic cancer
Authors: Usenko O. Yu. , Petrushenko V. V. , Sukhodolia S. A. , Sukhodolia A. I. , Savchuk O. M. , Radoga Ia. V. , Savchuk I. I.
Published: March 2024

Chronic pancreatitis is a common recurrent pathology of the pancreas. The long course of the inflammatory process, accompanied by chronicity, is often attributed to the causes that lead to the development of pancreatic cancer. The aim of the work is to study the morphological changes of the pancreas in rats and the level of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in patients with complicated forms of chronic pancreatitis and a high risk of developing pancreatic cancer in order to optimize the selection of the volume of surgical intervention. A histological study of the pancreas of rats with chronic pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis on the background of diabetes was carried out. 27 patients operated on during 2020-2022 were examined. In 15 of them, we were unable to clearly and convincingly differentiate of chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer, since quite often the clinical symptoms and diagnostic picture of these diseases are similar. In the remaining 12 patients it was confirmed with all the inherent clinical signs of chronic pancreatitis and ductal hypertension. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -2, -3, -8, -9, -10) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases were studied. The obtained results were processed statistically. Morphological changes of the pancreas in rats correspond to high and moderate ductal dysplasia of the PanIN 2 and PanIN 3 class, which are direct predictors of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In 22 patients moderate and severe exocrine insufficiency was observed, confirmed by a significant decrease in fecal elastase. An intraoperative biopsy of the changed tissue of the pancreas was performed. Among the 15 operated patients of the main group, 9 were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and changes in MMTs and a peptide pool inherent in malignant tissue. Intraoperatively, after performing a punch biopsy, acinar metaplasia was detected in 3 patients, tissue changes characteristic of PanIN2-PanIN3 in 4 patients, and pancreatic cancer in the head area was confirmed in 3 patients. Changes in the protein profile of the plasma, clinical manifestations, as well as characteristic changes in the pancreas tissue, gave us grounds for performing extended resection interventions. Studying the morphological structure of the pancreas, using as many methods as possible for differential diagnosis between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, as well as a comprehensive approach to the patient will allow for the most correct and effective intervention.
Dialektika Hukum Kebebasan Mengeluarkan Pendapat: Kritik vs Hinaan
Authors: Pane Ramadhan Siddik , Siregar Khoiruddin Manahan
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menjawab  pokok permasalahan tentang substansi dari hak kebebasan berpendapat yaitu kritik dan penghinaan. Pokok permasalahan dikecilkan menjadi dua rumusan masalah, yaitu tentang perbedaan mendasar yang membedakan unsur-unsur suatu kebebasan berpendapat menjadi suatu kritikan atau menjadi suatu penghinaan. Kemudian, bagaimana dialektika hukum progresif dan hukum positif tentang ketentuan norma hukum hak kebebasan berpendapat. Sehingga untuk menemukan jawaban dari rumusan masalah tersebut, penelitian ini memanfaatkan metode penelitian hukum normatif dan dibingkai dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Bahan hukum didapatkan dari berbagai Undang-Undang yang relevan dan dari berbagai  jurnal hukum dengan teknik studi dokumentasi dan interpretasi hukum. Sebagai kesimpulan dalam artikel ini dan merupakan jawaban atas rumusan masalah adalah pertama, unsur yang dominan membedakan antara kritik dan penghinaan adalah unsur fakta dan data serta unsur kesengajaan dengan secara langsung tertuju pada personal seseorang. Kedua, hukum progresif meninjau dari perspektif sosiologis menunjukkan bahwa hak kebebasan berpendapat adalah wadah untuk menyampaikan aspirasi dan keinginan rakyat yang tidak dapat ditampung oleh wakil rakyat secara komprehensif.
Pasal 38 Ayat 1 UU Keterbukaan Informasi Publik antara Kepastian Hukum dan Keadilan
Authors: Nurhayati Yati
Published: March 2024

Tujuan dan penelitian ini adalah memjawab permasalahan hukum yang lahir dari keberadaan Pasal 38 Ayat 1 Undang-Undang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik. Apakah makna dalam pasal 38 ayat 1 membatasi penyelesaian sengketa di Komisi Informasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode hukum normative. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa bunyi pasal 38 ayat 1 yang merupakan batas waktu penyelesaian sengketa informasi public dimana sengketa tersebut harus mulai mengupayakan penyelesaian sengketa paling lambat 14 hari kerja setelah menerima pendaftaran permohonan informasi masih membuka peluang untuk tetap diproses jika melebihi 14 hari kerja dengan alasan keadilan dan tumpukan perkara yang berjalan dikomisi informasi.Kata kunci : Sengketa Informasi, Putusan, Informasi Publik.
Framework for testing Open Quantum Safe for TLS Servers
Authors: Joottun Atish , Peeroo Poshan , Yerkiah Kevin , Chutoo Anwar
Published: March 2024

Our research aims to analyse if the TLS servers in Mauritius are correctly implemented to enable Quantum Safe Cryptography. Since quantum computing is becoming more and more advanced as time passes, we need to increase our Internet security to prevent data leaks from cyberattacks. Our framework, which is written in python and can be found on GitHub at github.com/atishjoottun/tldr_fail_testing. Our tool is versatile and provides an effective method for other countries or Organisations to analyse their own networks for security flaws.
SODIUM DITHIONITE AS A PYRITE DEPRESSANT IN GOLD ORE FLOTATION
Authors: Oluklulu Semih , Bozkurt Volkan , Uçbaş Yaşar
Published: March 2024

Sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) is a widely used reducing agent to control pulp potential (Eh) and pyrite depressant in sulfide ore flotation. In this study, the pyrite depressant effect of sodium dithionite on gold ore flotation was investigated at pH 8 and pH 10.5 comparatively in terms of gold, chalcopyrite, and pyrite recoveries and grades. The presence of sodium dithionite resulted in a drop of approximately 50–70 mV in the Eh values, regardless of the studied pH values, confirming the reducing effect of sodium dithionite. The effects of sodium dithionite on gold and chalcopyrite grades and recoveries were quite limited, especially at pH 10.5. At pH 8, the utilization of sodium dithionite slightly decreased gold and chalcopyrite recovery and grades, while the decrease in pyrite recovery and grades was remarkable. Both pyrite recovery and grade were reduced from 79.5% to 54.7% and 15.3% to 10.7% by the utilization of sodium dithionite at pH 8. In conclusion, it is considered that the selective flotation of gold and chalcopyrite from pyrite can be achieved at a lower pH accompanied by a slightly reduced Eh by the utilization of sodium dithionite.
O jeziku kajkavskoga pjesništva Željke Cvetković
Authors: Kuzmić Boris
Published: March 2024

U radu se analizira jezik kajkavske pjesničke zbirke Oblečena vu šlarinu duše (2003) autorice Željke Cvetković (1965. g.). Analiza će pokazati u kojoj mjeri autoričin suvremeni kajkavski književni jezik uključuje dijakroniju (poznavanje jezika stare kajkavske književnosti) i sinkroniju (suvremene turopoljske govore, pogotovo malomlački govor, čija je autorica izvorna govornica).
„Pretek važnosti“ Vrbovca tijekom feudalne povijesti
Authors: Pajur Franjo
Published: March 2024

Vrbovec, mjesto u rubnom dijelu lonjsko-ilovske zavale, tijekom ranije povijesti razvijao se zahvaljujući svojoj privrednoj funkciji. Budući da je u 13. st. primarna bila obrambena funkcija, središnje je mjesto okolice postao Rakovec sa svojim gradom-tvrđom kao jednom od točaka zaštite „vojničke“ ili „Kolomanove ceste“ u sistemu kastra. Tijekom naredna dva stoljeća on je postupno okupio druge posjede, pa tako i vrbovečki, ali s pripadnošću medvedgradskom vlastelinstvu. Vrbovec je u to vrijeme, premda veći i privredno jači posjed, bio u njegovoj pripadnosti i nije imao kaštel. Prestankom izravne turske opasnosti te odvajanjem od Medvedgrada, rakovečka trasa križevačko-zagrebačke ceste gubi, a vrbovečki pravac dobiva, na važnosti. Vrbovec tako postupno postaje važno trgovište, a s vremenom se gradi i kaštel te u vrijeme Patačića postaje definitivno središnjim mjestom okolice – kako je i danas. Njegovi su žitelji, živeći većinom u kućnim zadrugama, otada brojem nadmašivali druga okolna mjesta.
Još
jedna latinsko-kajkavska rukopisna
pjesmarica
s
kraja 18. stoljeća
Authors: Zvonar Ivan
Published: March 2024

Tek otkrivena latinsko-kajkavska rukopisna pjesmarica svojim sadržajem povezuje sve dosad poznate rukopisne poetske zbirke iz devedesetih godina 18. stoljeća. Svojim se izgledom i načinom zapisivanja napjeva i tekstova gotovo potpuno podudara s „Varaždinskom pjesmaricom starijom“, premda je sigurno da ju je pisala druga ruka. Niti tu, nažalost, nije poznat zapisivač, niti je točno označena godina, pa se samo iz slučajnih bilježaka na kraju sveska može saznati da je njegov vlasnik neko vrijeme bio Pavao Matič i da je rukopis dovršen prije 1797. godine. Latinski dio obuhvaća repertoar duhovnih pjesama vezanih uz dijelove mise i crkvenu godinu, ali ima i zapisa koji izlaze iz tih okvira. Osobitost zbirke je u tome što donosi cjelovita „Evanđelja po Marku“ i „Luki“ na latinskom i „po Mateju“ na kajkavskom jeziku. Iako nevelik, i kajkavski dio pokazuje jednu živu poetsku tradiciju koja se nije zadovoljavala samo pjevanjem nego i zapisivanjem. Možda će koji sretan slučaj otkriti još poneki takav rukopis i na taj način obogatiti spoznaje o kajkavskom poetskom stvaralaštvu do sredine 19. stoljeća.
Dvostruki portreti: gradovi i njihovi
umjetnici. Prvi: Bezeredi vs. Mihinjač
Authors: Kovač Emilija
Published: March 2024

Rad analizira djelo dvojice hrvatskih likovnih umjetnika, Luje Bezeredija i Đure Mihinjača, koji su, paralelno uz likovni, njegovali i književni diskurz. Svim razlikama usprkos, i u likovnom i u literarnom izričaju, supostavljamo ih na osnovi strasti za kompleksnost iskaza, s tim da je obojici literarnost drugotni angažman, koji su živjeli iskreno i intenzivno, no ne toliko poetički raznovrsno i tražilački kao likovni. Ovom paralelom ne izjednačujemo osobe i opuse: sve razlike su razluke te ih, znakovite i bitne za profiliranje umjetnikova identiteta, na tragu dobrih starih strukturalista, za koje je i forma sadržaj, upisujemo u cjelovit doživljaj djela. Radeći u individualnim imaginativnim prostorima, usprkos povremenoj zamjetnijoj recepciji na širem prostoru, ostali su prilično zatvoreni u svoje lokalne koordinate iz kojih ih povremeno izvede neka sretna okolnost, kao – u konkretnom slučaju – objavljivanje knjige pjesama Luje Bezeredija.
Fortschritt gewagt – und wie weit gekommen? Eine Halbzeitbilanz der Ampel-Koalition unter Olaf Scholz
Authors: Zohlnhöfer Reimut , Engler Fabian
Published: March 2024

Die 2021 gebildete Koalition aus SPD, Grünen und FDP hatte ihren Koalitionsvertrag unter das Motto „Mehr Fortschritt wagen“ gestellt. Doch wie weit ist die Koalition unter Bundeskanzler Scholz nach der Hälfte der Wahlperiode mit ihren Vorhaben gekommen? Dabei unterscheiden sich die Politikfelder erheblich. Erfolgen, wie der Unterstützung der Ukraine und einigen (allerdings noch nicht verabschiedeten) gesellschaftspolitischen Reformen im Sinne der Koalition, stehen große inhaltliche Differenzen z.B. in der Wirtschafts-, Energie- und Sozialpolitik gegenüber. Diese Blockaden führten nicht nur zu teilweise halbherzigen Reformen, sondern auch zu schlechten Umfragewerten. Das Haushaltsurteil des Verfassungsgerichts dürfte die zweite Hälfte der Wahlperiode für die Regierung nicht leichter machen.
Chancen und Risiken eines Industriestrompreises. Der Industriestrompreis – ein Politikum?
Authors: Winkelmann Thorsten
Published: March 2024

Durch eine zeitlich befristete Deckelung der Gaspreise – also eine politisch festgelegte Preisobergrenze – sollen hierzulande Unternehmen entlastet werden. Dabei ist folgender Mechanismus angedacht: Liegt der Preis an der Strombörse in Leipzig über einem im Voraus definierten Betrag von ungefähr sechs Cent je Kilowattstunde, die Finanzierung ist offen. Der Beitrag führt das Für und Wider eines Industriestrompreises auf.
Salience Network Functional Connectivity Mediates Association Between Social Engagement and Cognition in Non-Demented Older Adults: Exploratory Investigation
Authors: Pruitt Patrick J. , Damoiseaux Jessica S. , Hampstead Benjamin M. , Peltier Scott J. , Bhaumik Arijit K. , Albin Roger L. , Dodge Hiroko H.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Social engagement has beneficial effects during cognitive aging. Large-scale cognitive brain network functions are implicated in both social behaviors and cognition.

Objective:

We evaluated associations between functional connectivity (FC) of large-scale brain cognitive networks and social engagement, characterized by self-reported social network size and contact frequency. We subsequently tested large-scale brain network FC as a potential mediator of the beneficial relationship between social engagement and cognitive performance.

Methods:

112 older adults (70.7±7.3 years, range 54.6–89.7; 84 women) completed the Lubben Social Network Scale 6 (LSNS-6), National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set 3 (UDS-3) cognitive battery, and resting state fMRI. We completed seed-based correlational analysis in the default mode and salience networks. Significant associations between social engagement scores and cognitive performance, as well as between social engagement and FC of brain networks, informed the construction of mediation models.

Results:

Social engagement was significantly associated with executive function and global cognition, with greater social engagement associated with better cognitive performance. Social engagement was significantly associated with salience network FC, with greater social engagement associated with higher connectivity. Salience network FC partially mediated associations between social engagement and both executive function and global cognition.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that the salience network is a key mediator of the beneficial relationship between social engagement and cognition in older adults.
Discriminant Potential of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) in Greek Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Tsatali Marianna , Moraitou Despina , Gialaouzidis Moses , Bakoglidou Evaggelia , Psaltis Vasilis , Bertzes Natalia , Hassanin Hany Ibrahim , Emmanouilidou Eudokia , Totonidis Michael , Frantzi Nikoleta , Avdikou Konstantina , Gavra Andromachi , Diamantidou Alexandra , Kapsali Nikolina , Kouroundi Eleni , Tsolaki Magda
Published: March 2024

Background:

Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) is a widely used screening tool for detecting older adults with Alzheimer’s disease among their cognitively healthy peers. A previous study in Greek population showed that ADAS-Cog-Greek (G) is a valid tool and can identify people with Alzheimer’s disease from older adult control group; however, there is no current data about whether ADAS-Cog can differentiate older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from those who have subjective cognitive decline (SCD).

Objective:

The current study aimed to examine the discriminant potential of ADAS-Cog-G in Greek older adults who meet the criteria for SCD or MCI.

Methods:

Four hundred eighty-two community-dwelling older adults, visitors of the Greek Alzheimer Association and Related Disorders, were enrolled in the current study. One hundred seventy-six of them met the criteria for SCD and three hundred six had MCI.

Results:

Path analysis applied to the data showed that age, as well as educational level affected ADAS-Cog-G performance. Results showed that the cut-off scores, which better discriminate people with SCD from MCI as well as their sensitivity and specificity values, were extracted in participants with high educational level (13 educational years<) and mainly under the age of 75 years.

Conclusions:

The current study provided evidence concerning the discriminant potential of ADAS-Cog-G to differentiate older adults with SCD from those with MCI in the Greek population, and therefore contributes to the relevant literature on the field.
ChatGPT as a Diagnostic Aid in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Exploratory Study
Authors: El Haj Mohamad , Boutoleau-Bretonnière Claire , Gallouj Karim , Wagemann Nathalie , Antoine Pascal , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Chapelet Guillaume
Published: March 2024

Background:

The potential of ChatGPT in medical diagnosis has been explored in various medical conditions.

Objective:

We assessed whether ChatGPT can contribute to the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Methods:

We provided ChatGPT with four generated cases (mild, moderate, or advanced stage AD dementia, or mild cognitive impairment), including descriptions of their complaints, physical examinations, as well as biomarker, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological data.

Results:

ChatGPT accurately diagnosed the test cases similarly to two blinded specialists.

Conclusions:

While the use of generated cases can be a limitation to our study, our findings demonstrate that ChatGPT can be a useful tool for symptom assessment and the diagnosis of AD. However, while the use of ChatGPT in AD diagnosis is promising, it should be seen as an adjunct to clinical judgment rather than a replacement.
Changes in Brain Structure and Function in a Multisport Cohort of Retired Female and Male Athletes, Many Years after Suffering a Concussion: Implications for Neuroplasticity and Neurodegenerative Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Turner Michael , Belli Antonio , Castellani Rudolph J.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Cumulative effects of traumatic brain injury is of increasing concern, especially with respect to its role in the etiology and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Objective:

Compare regional brain volume and connectivity between athletes with a history of concussion and controls.

Methods:

We evaluated whole-brain volumetric effects with Bayesian regression models and functional connectivity with network-based statistics, in 125 retired athletes (a mean of 11 reported concussions) and 36 matched controls.

Results:

Brain regions significantly lower in volume in the concussed group included the middle frontal gyrus, hippocampus, supramarginal gyrus, temporal pole, and inferior frontal gyrus. Conversely, brain regions significantly larger included the hippocampal and collateral sulcus, middle occipital gyrus, medial orbital gyrus, caudate nucleus, lateral orbital gyrus, and medial postcentral gyrus. Functional connectivity analyses revealed increased edge strength, most marked in motor domains. Numerous edges of this network strengthened in athletes were significantly weakened with concussion. Aligned to meta-analytic neuroimaging data, the observed changes suggest functional enhancement within the motor, sensory, coordination, balance, and visual processing domains in athletes, attenuated by concussive head injury with a negative impact on memory and language.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that engagement in sport may benefit the brain across numerous domains, but also highlights the potentially damaging effects of concussive head injury. Future studies with longitudinal cohorts including autopsy examination are needed to determine whether the latter reflects tissue loss from brain shearing, or the onset of a progressive Alzheimer’s disease like proteinopathy.
Simulation-guided development of advanced PID control algorithm for skin cooling in radiofrequency lipolysis
Authors: Wang Binyu , Zang Lianru , Lu Yingxi , Zhan Mengying , Sun Tingting , Zhou Yu , Song Chengli
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: The clinical outcomes of bipolar radiofrequency (RF) lipolysis, a prevalent non-invasive fat reduction procedure, hinge on the delicate balance between effective lipolysis and patient safety, with skin overheating and subsequent tissue damage as primary concerns. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate a novel bipolar radiofrequency lipolysis technique, safeguarding the skin through an innovative PID temperature control algorithm. METHODS: Utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software, a two-dimensional fat and skin tissue model was established, simulating various PID temperature control schemes. The crux of the simulation involved a comparative analysis of different PID temperatures at 45 °C, 50 °C, and 55 °C and constant power strategies, assessing their implications on skin temperature. Concurrently, a custom bipolar radiofrequency lipolysis device was developed, with ex vivo experiments conducted using porcine tissue for empirical validation. RESULTS: The findings indicated that with PID settings of Kp = 7, Ki = 2, and Kd = 0, and skin temperature control at 45 °C or 50 °C, the innovative PID-based epidermal temperature control strategy successfully maintained the epidermal temperature within a safe range. This maintenance was achieved without compromising the effectiveness of RF lipolysis, significantly reducing the risk of thermal damage to the skin layers. CONCLUSION: Our research confirms the substantial practical utility of this advanced PID-based bipolar RF lipolysis technique in clinical aesthetic procedures, enhancing patient safety during adipose tissue ablation therapies.
Explainability of Machine Learning in Credit Risk Assessment of SMEs
Authors: Huang Boya , Zhao Feiyang , Tian Maohong , Zhang Dequan , Zhang Xintong , Wang Zuo , Li Hualin , Chen Bingling
Published: March 2024

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have developed rapidly in China, bringing enormous opportunities and challenges. In this study, we aim to investigate methods that can accurately assess credit risks of SMEs, using machine learning algorithms, focus on explainability, customer default forecasting, and delinquency. This study focused on the enterprises’ performance data and used the authorized invoice data of 425 SMEs in Chongqing. Machine learning algorithms, such as logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, and soft voting ensemble learning methods, were used to establish a prediction classifier that was combined with the SHAP value to explain the feature contribution of a specific output. Therefore, Our study presented a strong correlation between the derived features and future delinquencies, which will enable in forecasting enterprises’ business performance.
Transformer Fault Detection Method Based on Multi-Source Data Fusion of Transformer and RetNet
Authors: Chang Ke , Gan Jinrui , Xia Weishang
Published: March 2024

Current fault methods for transformers are all based on a single signal and fail to make full use of fault data. In order to improve the accuracy of state judgment, this paper proposes a Transformer fault detection method based on multi-source data fusion based on Transformer and RetNet, which integrates four fault data: gas in oil, voltage and current, sound and oil temperature. The Transformer fault diagnosis is carried out jointly. Considering the degree of correlation between different data, the four kinds of data are divided into two categories and processed by different models respectively. Transformer is used to focus the data of strong correlation between gas and voltage and current in oil, fuse the characteristic information, and utilize the multi-scale attention mechanism of RetNet. The correlation between sound and oil temperature data is widely mined in different spatio-temporal ranges. Finally, two models are combined with four data sources to judge transformer faults.The accuracy of the new method proposed in this paper is 81.36%, which is 2.98% higher than RetNet and 5.03% higher than Transformer. The experimental results show that the method is effective.
SExpSMA-based T5: Serial exponential-slime mould algorithm based T5 model for question answer and distractor generation
Authors: T. Bhuvan Nikhila , G Jisha , N V Shamna
Published: March 2024

Generally, multiple choice questions are an effective and extensive form used in standard tests in order to evaluate the learner’s skills and knowledge. Nonetheless, the multiple-choice question composition particularly the distractor construction is quite difficult. The distracters are needed to be both plausible and inappropriate and adequate to mystify the learners who did not master the information. Thus, the distractor generation emergence is important that can help several standard tests in an extensive range of domain. In this research, question-answer generation system is developed with a distractor model by developing an optimized T5 model. At first, BERT tokenization is used to pre-process the passage/context and question, which are given as the input to train the approach. Then, the question and answer generation is performed by utilizing the T5 approach that is trained by proposed Serial Exponential-Slime Mould approach (SExpSMA). Exponential weighted moving average is extended to Serial Exponential weighted moving average and incorporated in Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA) to propose SExpSMA. In addition, the proposed SExpSMA-based T5 model is employed to generate distractors for the questions. Eventually, experimentation analysis exhibits that proposed SExpSMA-based T5 model achieves better outcomes regarding the metrics, like ROUGE, BLEU, and METEOR with the values of 0.919, 0.918, 0.488, respectively.
REEGNet: A resource efficient EEGNet for EEG trail classification in healthcare
Authors: Khushiyant  , Mathur Vidhu , Kumar Sandeep , Shokeen Vikrant
Published: March 2024

The architecture of REEGNet (Recurrent EEG Network) combines convolutional blocks from EEGNet with long short-term memory (LSTM) layers in order to improve temporal modeling capabilities. Additionally, the use of depthwise convolutions enables REEGNet to learn spatial filters specific to distinct frequency information. When evaluated on the exceptionally challenging IMAGENET configuration of the MindBigData Brain Dataset, consisting of 70,060 samples across 5 channels sampled at 128 Hz, REEGNet outperformed state-of-the-art models including EEGNet and LSTM architectures across all class configurations ranging from 2 to 40 classes. Specifically, REEGNet surpasses EEGNet by a margin of 10.6% in multi-class classification scenarios such as configurations with 10 classes, achieving an accuracy of 27.9%. These results highlight REEGNet’s potential to increase the accessibility of electroencephalography (EEG) analysis by allowing for reliable classification without extensive computational resources. This makes REEGNet uniquely suited for deployment in resource-constrained real-world environments and applications.
Research on the optimization of tourist attraction route planning through multiple big data
Authors: Dong Miao , Jiang Weichang
Published: March 2024

Tourism travel is a prevalent form of leisure and entertainment. This paper provides a brief overview of an attraction route planning algorithm based on multi-source data, which combines multi-source data to assess the effectiveness of the planned route and utilizes the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for path optimization. The genetic algorithm (GA) operations were incorporated with the PSO algorithm to enhance optimization performance. Subsequently, simulation experiments were conducted to compare the GA-PSO algorithm with using the PSO algorithm and GA. Moreover, a comparative analysis was performed on the performance of the path planning algorithm using single-source and multi-source data. The results demonstrated that the GA-PSO algorithm exhibited the fastest convergence in optimization search and achieved the best fitness value at stabilization. Among the three path schemes, the GA-PSO algorithm performed the best, followed by the GA, while the PSO algorithm was found to be the least optimal. Furthermore, path planning with multi-source data demonstrated better alignment with tourists’ landscape preferences, enabling personalized routes construction.
Research on error detection in English translation texts using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan
Published: March 2024

This paper provides a concise overview of a grammatical error correction algorithm based on the encoder-decoder structure. The traditional unidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) in the encoder was transformed into a bidirectional LSTM. Subsequently, the grammatical error correction algorithm was simulated and experimented with. In the experiments, it was compared with two other error correction algorithms: one based on the LSTM classification model and the other on the traditional unidirectional LSTM translation model. The results indicated that the three error correction algorithms exhibited little difference in detection performance when faced with distinct corpus databases. Furthermore, when dealing with the same corpus database, the bidirectional LSTM algorithm demonstrated the most robust detection performance, followed by the one based on the traditional unidirectional LSTM translation model, and lastly, the one based on the LSTM classification model performed the least effectively.