bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Passive cigarette smoke exposure inhibits ultraviolet light B‐induced skin tumors in SKH‐1 hairless mice by blocking the nuclear factor kappa B signalling pathway
Authors: Gottipati Koteswara R. , Poulsen Henrik , Starcher Barry
Published: February 2008

Abstract:  Chronic exposure to sunlight [ultraviolet light B (UVB) irradiation] is the most common cause of non‐melanoma skin tumors. In the present study, we investigated the effects of passive cigarette smoke superimposed over UVB irradiation, on tumor development, skin pathology and matrix changes in SKH‐1 hairless mice. Groups of mice were exposed to 0.1 J/cm2 of UVB five times per week for 20 weeks and/or exposure to passive cigarette smoke from 40 cigarettes a day over the same time period. UVB exposure resulted in an average of four large squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 15 smaller papillomas per mouse, whereas exposing the mice to both UVB + passive cigarette smoke completely prevented SCC formation and averaged less than one small papilloma per mouse. Oxidative DNA damage was investigated and there were no significant changes in the levels of urinary DNA adducts between control, smoke, UV and UV + smoke groups with the exception of 8‐oxo guanine which was significantly reduced in the presence of passive cigarette smoke. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNF‐R2), glycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta, nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB)/p65, KI‐67 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) were markedly up‐regulated in the epithelium by UVB exposure, whereas passive smoke exposure combined with the UVB irradiation completely blocked the expression of these proteins. Our results suggest that passive smoke exposure prevents UVB‐induced SCC in mice and dramatically reduces the incidence of non‐malignant papillomas by altering the NF‐κB signalling pathway of tumorogenesis.
Is nickel allergy an occupational disease? Discussion of the occupational relevance of a type IV allergy to nickel (II) sulfate using case reports
Authors: Tanko Zita , Diepgen Thomas L. , Weisshaar Elke
Published: February 2008

Type IV sensitization to nickel (II) sulfate is common in the general population. Nickel can be found in different metals leading to occupational exposition in industrial professions.The individual clinical relevance of nickel allergy can easily be identified but it can be difficult to assess if nickel allergy was acquired privately or occupationally. The problem if nickel allergy fulfills the criteria of an occupational skin disease is presented in three case reports. The occupational relevance of a type IV sensitization to nickel in a chemical laboratory assistant, a flight attendant and a cashier are discussed. Important conditions for acquiring nickel allergy are contact with nickel‐plated and nickel‐releasing materials, the kind of skin contact, the status of the epidermal barrier, and the individual working conditions with an increased bioavailability of nickel. In cases of type IV sensitization to nickel, the affected person cannot continue to work in metal plating or with contact to nickel‐plated metals.The causal relationship between the type IV sensitization to nickel and the occupation needs to be clarified in each individual case. In general, occupationally caused nickel allergy is rare and the occupational relevance of nickel allergy is often overestimated.
Ubiquitination of E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM5α and its potential role
Authors: Yamauchi Keiko , Wada Keiji , Tanji Kunikazu , Tanaka Makoto , Kamitani Tetsu
Published: February 2008

HIV‐1 efficiently infects susceptible cells and causes AIDS in humans. Although HIV can also enter the cells of Old World monkeys, it encounters a block before reverse transcription. Data have shown that this species‐specific restriction is mediated by tripartite motif (TRIM)5α, whose molecular function is still undefined. Here, we show that TRIM5α functions as a RING‐finger‐type E3 ubiquitin ligase both in vitro and in vivo and ubiquitinates itself in cooperation with the E2 ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme UbcH5B. In addition to the self‐ubiquitination, we show that TRIM5α is ubiquitinated by another E3 ubiquitin ligase, Ro52, and deubiquitinated by YopJ, one of the pathogenic proteins derived from Yersinia species. Thus, the ubiquitination of TRIM5α is catalyzed by itself and Ro52 and downregulated by YopJ. Unexpectedly, although TRIM5α is ubiquitinated, our results have revealed that the proteasome inhibitors MG115 and MG132 do not stabilize it in HeLa cells, suggesting that the ubiquitination of TRIM5α does not lead to proteasomal degradation. Importantly, TRIM5α is clearly conjugated by a single ubiquitin molecule (monoubiquitination). Our monoubiquitin‐fusion assay suggests that monoubiquitination is a signal for TRIM5α to translocate from cytoplasmic bodies to the cytoplasm.
Intracellular trafficking of endogenous fibroblast growth factor‐2
Authors: Taverna Simona , Rigogliuso Salvatrice , Salamone Monica , Vittorelli Maria Letizia
Published: February 2008

We have previously reported how the release of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) is mediated by shed vesicles. In the present study, we address the question of how newly synthesized FGF‐2 is targeted to the budding vesicles. Considering that in vitro cultured Sk‐Hep1 hepatocarcinoma cells release FGF‐2 and shed membrane vesicles only when cultured in the presence of serum, we added serum to starved cells and monitored intracellular movements of the growth factor. FGF‐2 was targeted both to the cell periphery and to the nucleus and nucleolus. Movements toward the cell periphery were not influenced by drugs affecting microtubules, but were inhibited by cytocalasin B. Involvement of actin in FGF‐2 trafficking toward the cell periphery was supported by coimmunoprecipitation and immune localization experiments. Colocalization of FGF‐2 granules moving to the cell periphery and FM4‐64‐labelled intracellular lipids were not observed. Ouabain and methylamine, two inhibitors of FGF‐2 release, were analyzed for their effects on FGF‐2 intracellular localization and on vesicle shedding. Ouabain inhibited FGF‐2 movements toward the cell periphery. The FGF‐2 content of shed vesicles was therefore reduced. Methylamine inhibited vesicle shedding; in its presence, FGF‐2 clustered at the cell periphery, but the rate of its release decreased. FGF‐2 targeting to the nucleus and nucleolus was not affected by cytocalasin B, whereas it was inhibited by drugs that modify microtubule dynamics. Neither ouabain, nor methylamine interfered with FGF‐2 translocation to the nucleus and nucleolus. FGF‐2 targeting to the budding vesicles and to the nucleus and nucleolus is therefore mediated by fundamentally different mechanisms.
Quality of Erections in Men Treated with Flexible-Dose Sildenafil for Erectile Dysfunction: Multicenter Trial with a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase and an Open-Label Phase
Authors: Kadioglu Ates , Grohmann Walther , Depko Andrzej , Levinson Ivan P. , Sun Franklin , Collins Suzanne
Published: February 2008

Introduction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) impacts erection hardness and compromises quality of life.

Aim

Assess erection hardness and its correlation with sexual function, emotional well-being, and satisfaction (erection quality, intercourse, sex life, sexual relationship, and treatment).

Methods

Men with ED were randomized to double-blind, flexible-dose sildenafil (25, 50, or 100 mg) or placebo (6 weeks) with open-label extension (6 weeks).

Main Outcome Measures

Erection Hardness Score (EHS), Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Self-Esteem And Relationship (SEAR) questionnaire, and Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS).

Results

A total of 307 men (mean [range] age, 45 [18–55] years) were randomized to sildenafil (N=154) or placebo (N=153). At the end of double-blind treatment, occasions with EHS 3 (hard enough for penetration but not completely hard) or 4 (completely hard) had increased by 40% ± 3% for sildenafil vs. 11% ± 3% for placebo (least squares mean ± standard error; P <0.0001); the estimated percentage of occasions with EHS 4 was 58% (95% CI, 52–65%) vs. 14% (95% CI, 10–19%) (odds ratio, 8.5; P <0.0001). There was greater improvement in mean QEQ, IIEF, and SEAR scores (P <0.0001), and more men were satisfied with sildenafil treatment (EDITS Index score >50: 90% vs. 49%). QEQ, IIEF, SEAR, and EDITS outcomes correlated positively with EHS 3 or 4, and with EHS 4 alone and were highest (no overlap of 95% CI vs. other EHS subgroups) in the subgroup with most frequent EHS of 4.

Conclusions

In the group of men with ED treated with sildenafil, it was estimated that completely hard erections were achieved on 58% (95% CI, 52–65%) of occasions. Improvement in function, emotional well-being, and satisfaction was greatest in men with completely hard erections and correlated positively with other measures of hardness.
Torsion of the Penis in Adults: Prevalence and Surgical Correction
Authors: Shaeer Osama
Published: February 2008

Introduction

Torsion of the penis is a condition where the penis rotates around its longitudinal axis, whether congenital or acquired. Extreme degrees may provoke a cosmetic complaint.

Aim

We describe surgical correction of congenital torsion of the penis in adults, and its prevalence among a special patient group.

Main Outcome Measures

Success and ease of surgical repair.

Methods

Sixteen cases with congenital torsion were operated upon, by counter-rotation, using a dartos flap in eight cases, and skin realignment in the other eight. The prevalence of congenital torsion was examined in 12,307 patients attending two andrology clinics.

Results

Full correction was achieved in all cases. Skin realignment was easier and faster than dartos flap, and was equally effective. Congenital torsion was present in 11.993% of the epidemiologic study group, mild in 80%, moderate in 15%, and severe in 5%. Only 2.2% was bothered by the condition.

Conclusion

Torsion of the penis is not uncommon but rarely provokes a complaint. Surgical repair by degloving and skin realignment is effective and easy. Dartos flap technique may be utilized if the former is inadequate.
Tadalafil Is Efficacious and Well Tolerated in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (ED) in Men over 65 Years of Age: Results from Multiple Observations in Men with ED in National Tadalafil Study in the United States
Authors: Sharlip Ira D. , Shumaker Bryan P. , Hakim Lawrence S. , Goldfischer Evan , Natanegara Fanni , Wong David G.
Published: February 2008

Introduction

Erectile dysfunction is increasingly common with advancing age, yet sexual activity and intimacy are important to elderly men.

Aim

To assess the efficacy and tolerability of tadalafil in men over the age of 65 years.

Method

In this multicenter open-label study, 188 men (mean age=71.6 years) who were over age 65 and did not have diabetes mellitus or clinical depression received tadalafil 20 mg, taken on demand, for up to 12 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures

Efficacy was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP). Psychosocial outcomes were evaluated using the Psychological and Interpersonal Relationship Scale (PAIRS).

Results

Tadalafil treatment significantly improved all domains of the IIEF from baseline, including the erectile function (EF) domain (change=8.8, end point=21.6; P <0.001). Mean per-patient percentage of “yes” responses to SEP questions concerning successful penetration (SEP2; change=33.5%, end point=73.5%; P <0.001) and successful intercourse (SEP3; change=39.6%, end point=59.6%; P <0.001) also improved significantly from baseline. Forty percent of the patients with baseline EF scores <26 had normal EF (IIEF-EF domain scores ≥26) at end point, and 81% reported improved erections in the Global Assessment Questionnaire. At least 56% of attempts at sexual intercourse were successfully completed (SEP3) at all time intervals up to 36 hours after tadalafil administration. The patients also experienced significant improvement in both the sexual self-confidence and spontaneity domains of the PAIRS. Tadalafil was well tolerated, with <5% of the patients discontinuing because of adverse events.

Conclusion

Tadalafil 20 mg was effective and well tolerated in elderly men with ED.
The Effect of Physician and Patient Education When Combined with Vardenafil Treatment in Canadian Males with Erectile Dysfunction: An Open-Label, Factorial-Designed, Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Brock Gerald , Carrier Serge , Alarie Pierre , Pommerville Peter , Casey Richard , Harris Stewart , Ward Richard
Published: February 2008

Introduction

Studies evaluating the effect of education on treatment success with phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor therapy in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) are limited. Additional education of the primary care physician (PCP) and the patient are thought to optimize the treatment of ED.

Aim

To assess the impact of education of the PCP or of the patient in the treatment of ED with vardenafil relative to usual care.

Methods

In this 12-week, open-label, multicenter, factorial-designed, cluster-randomized Canadian study, 1,029 patients with ED were enrolled into four different education groups: usual care, patient education, PCP education, and both PCP and patient education. All groups started on vardenafil 10 mg, with the option to titrate at weeks 4 and 8.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary efficacy measure was the difference at week 4 last observation carried forward (LOCF) in the overall improvement in erectile function (EF) as measured by the Global Assessment Question (GAQ), while on background vardenafil, between those receiving education vs. those who did not. Other secondary assessments included responses to diary questions regarding penetration (sexual encounter profile, SEP2) and erection maintenance (SEP3), and to questionnaires regarding treatment satisfaction (Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction [EDITS]).

Results

A total of 956 patients were included in the intent-to-treat population. Mean baseline International Index of Erectile Function-EF domain score was 13. GAQ response rates at week 4 LOCF were high (>80%) for all groups, regardless of the education given. Mean per patient SEP2 and SEP3 rates at week 12 LOCF were 86–89% and 79–83%, respectively. In an exploratory analysis, a positive relationship between GAQ responses and EDITS scores was observed (P  ≤ 0.0007). Vardenafil was generally well tolerated.

Conclusions

In men with moderate ED, vardenafil led to high success rates and satisfaction regardless of the education given. The benefits of education for PCP and patients in Canada were possibly masked by a ceiling effect in this study population.
Brain Activation Areas of Sexual Arousal with Olfactory Stimulation in Men: A Preliminary Study Using Functional MRI
Authors: Huh Joon , Park Kwangsung , Hwang In Sang , Jung Seung Il , Kim Hyeong-Jung , Chung Tae-Woong , Jeong Gwang-Woo
Published: February 2008

Introduction

There have been extensive studies evaluating the functional neuroanatomy of the brain during visual sexual stimulation. However, little data exist concerning the role of olfactory stimulation in human sexuality.

Aim

This preliminary study intended to elucidate the brain areas responding to an olfactory sexual stimulus using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods

Eight healthy right-handed heterosexual male volunteers (20–35 years of age), having normal olfaction and no brain diseases, were recruited. During fMRI, a women's perfume was given as an olfactory sexual stimulant in an alternating block design with a 30-second stimulation period followed by a 30-second rest. After the fMRI sessions, the participants provided ratings for both the odorant's intensity and perceived arousal.

Main Outcome Measures

The study subjects rated the odorant stimulation and perceived sexual arousal response by Likert-type rating scales. Brain activation maps were made by blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD)-based fMRI with an echo-planar imaging pulse sequence.

Results

Two out of eight subjects experienced “strong” sexual arousal, and three subjects experienced “moderate” arousal during olfactory stimulation, resulting in a mean score of 2.25 on a 4-point scale. The common brain areas activated in response to the odor stimulus in all eight subjects included the insula, the inferior and middle frontal gyrus, and the hypothalamus. The median cingulate gyrus, thalamus, angular gyrus, lingual gyrus, and cerebellar cortex were activated in subjects who had moderate or strong sexual arousal response.

Conclusion

Olfactory stimulation with women's perfume produces the activation of specific brain areas in men. The brain areas activated differed according to the degree of perceived sexual arousal response. Further studies are needed to elucidate brain activation response according to the different kinds and intensities of olfactory stimulation.
Tibolone and Transdermal E2/NETA for the Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction in Naturally Menopausal Women: Results of a Randomized Active-Controlled Trial
Authors: Nijland Esme A. , Schultz Willibrord C.M. Weijmar , Nathorst-Boös Jörgen , Helmond Frans A. , Van Lunsen Rik H.W. , Palacios Santiago , Norman Robert J. , Mulder Roel J. , Davis Susan R. ,   LISA study investigators
Published: February 2008

Introduction

There are some data to suggest that tibolone improves sexual function in postmenopausal women. However, evidence about the effects of tibolone on female sexual dysfunction is lacking.

Aim

To compare the efficacy on sexual function of tibolone 2.5 mg to continuous combined transdermal estradiol (E2)/norethisterone acetate (NETA) (50 µg/140 µg) in naturally postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction.

Main Outcome Measure

Differences between treatment groups in the change from baseline for the composite subscore of the arousal, desire, and satisfaction domains of the self-reported Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).

Methods

A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, clinical trial was performed. Sexual function was assessed with the FSFI at baseline, week 12, and week 24. The outcomes of the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS) and the frequency of satisfying sexual events (daily diaries) were secondary end points.

Results

Four hundred three women, mean age 56, were included. Both therapies improved sexual function assessed by the FSFI. In the per protocol analysis, but not in the intent-to-treat analysis, the increase in FSFI scores was significantly larger in the tibolone group when compared with the E2/NETA patch group at week 24 (P  = 0.036 and P =0.025 for the composite subscore and total FSFI score, respectively). The satisfying sexual event rate increased from three to four times per 28 days at week 24 (P <0.001 from baseline for both groups), with no difference between groups. The FSDS showed a significant decrease from baseline (P <0.001), which was comparable for both treatment groups.

Conclusions

Both treatments resulted to improved overall sexual function, as determined by scores on the FSFI, an increase in the frequency of sexual events, and a reduction in sexuality-related personal distress. The statistically significant higher FSFI scores in the tibolone group, when compared to the E2/NETA group, may be because of tibolone's combined estrogenic and androgenic properties.
The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Erectile Function Recovery in a Rat Cavernous Nerve Injury Model
Authors: Müller Alexander , Tal Raanan , Donohue John F. , Akin-Olugbade Yemi , Kobylarz Keith , Paduch Darius , Cutter Suzanne C. , Mehrara Babak J. , Scardino Peter T. , Mulhall John P.
Published: February 2008

Introduction

Cavernosal oxygenation appears to be important for preservation of erectile tissue health. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been shown to improve tissue oxygenation and has neuromodulatory effects.

Aim

This study was designed to define the effects of HBOT on erectile function (EF) and cavernosal tissue in the rat cavernous nerve (CN) injury model.

Methods

Four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied: rats with bilateral CN crush, HBOT treated (Crush+/HBOT+); bilateral CN-crush/no HBOT (C+/H−); no crush/no HBOT (C−/H−); and no crush/HBOT (C−/H+). HBOT was delivered daily for 90 minutes at three atmospheres for 10 days commencing the day of CN crush.

Main Outcome Measures

Ten days after CN injury, the animals underwent CN stimulation measuring the maximal intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) ratios. Corporal tissue was harvested pre-sacrifice, and immunohistochemically stained for nerve growth factor (NGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and cluster of differentiation molecule (CD31). Histologic analysis was performed for Masson's trichrome to assess the smooth muscle–collagen ratio. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase Biotin-dUTP Nick End Labeling assay was used to define apoptotic indices (AIs).

Results

The C+/H− group had significantly lower ICP/MAP ratios compared with C−/H− rats, (31% vs. 70%, P <0.001). C+/H+ rats had significantly higher ICP/MAP ratio recovery compared with the C+/H− group (55% vs. 31%, P =0.005). NGF and eNOS staining densities were higher in C+/H+ rats compared with C+/H− rats (P <0.05 and P <0.001, respectively). No difference was seen in CD31 expression. Staining density for MT displayed a trend toward higher smooth muscle preservation after HBOT. AIs were significantly increased by HBOT (P <0.05).

Conclusion

HBOT following a CN injury improved EF preservation in this model, supporting the cavernosal oxygenation concept as protective mechanism for EF. The effects appear to be mediated via preservation of neurotrophic and endothelial factor expression.
Low-Fat Diet and Exercise Preserve eNOS Regulation and Endothelial Function in the Penis of Early Atherosclerotic Pigs: A Molecular Analysis
Authors: Musicki Biljana , Liu Tongyun , Strong Travis , Jin Liming , Laughlin M. Harold , Turk James R. , Burnett Arthur L.
Published: February 2008

Introduction

Diet and exercise affect endothelial function in the penis, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their effects are not understood.

Aims

We evaluated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) interaction with its negative regulator caveolin-1 and eNOS uncoupling as molecular targets in the penis associated with the beneficial effects of low-fat diet and chronic exercise.

Methods

The penes were obtained from adult male Yucatan pigs fed a normal-fat or high-fat diet on exercised or sedentary regimen for 24 weeks. Markers of endothelial function (guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate [cGMP] production), endothelial dysfunction (eNOS uncoupling and eNOS interaction with caveolin-1), and oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) were measured in the penes. The concentrations of cGMP and TBARS were determined using commercial kits. eNOS uncoupling was determined by low-temperature sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. eNOS binding to caveolin-1, eNOS phosphorylation (Ser-1177), and protein expression of eNOS and caveolin-1 were measured by Western blot analysis in penes purified for NOS and in homogenates, respectively.

Main Outcome Measures

Molecular parameters of endothelial function including eNOS regulatory function.

Results

Relative to normal-fat diet, high-fat diet significantly (P <0.05) reduced cGMP levels and significantly (P <0.05) increased eNOS uncoupling, eNOS binding to caveolin-1, and TBARS production in the penis of sedentary pigs. Exercise of pigs on high-fat diet reversed (P <0.05) the abnormalities in cGMP levels, eNOS uncoupling, and eNOS binding to caveolin-1, but not TBARS levels. Exercise of pigs on normal-fat diet did not affect any of these parameters. Protein expressions of caveolin-1, phosphorylated (Ser-1177), and total eNOS were unaffected by diet or exercise.

Conclusion

Low-fat diet and chronic exercise preserve endothelial function in the pig penis by sustaining active eNOS in its dimeric form and by limiting eNOS interaction with its negative regulator caveolin-1.
NADPH Oxidase Activation: A Mechanism of Hypertension-Associated Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Jin Liming , Lagoda Gwen , Leite Romulo , Webb R. Clinton , Burnett Arthur L.
Published: February 2008

Introduction

Hypertension is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). The pathophysiologic basis of ED in hypertension remains largely unknown.

Aim

The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity contributes to the development of hypertension-associated ED.

Methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with osmotic pumps containing saline or angiotensin II (Ang II, 70 ng/min) for 28 days and treated with or without the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (10 mM) in the drinking water.

Main Outcome Measures

Erectile function was examined by measuring the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) upon electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Protein expression levels of NADPH oxidase subunits were analyzed by Western blot. Reactive oxygen species production was determined by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay.

Results

Maximum ICP (MaxICP) and ICP area under the curve, which were normalized by MAP, were significantly reduced in Ang II-infused hypertensive rats compared to that of normotensive rats (P <0.05). Protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox was significantly increased by 30% in Ang II-infused hypertensive rat penes along with increased DHE staining and TBARS levels (P <0.05) when compared to that of controls. There were no significant changes in p67phox or gp91phox protein expression. Apocynin reduced NADPH oxidase protein expression and TBARS levels as well as improved MaxICP and ICP area under curve in Ang II-infused hypertensive rats (P <0.05).

Conclusions

These data suggest that activation of NADPH oxidase is a molecular mechanism for hypertension-associated ED. Apocynin treatment exerted protective effects on erectile function through inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity, thereby reducing oxidative stress in Ang II-infused hypertensive rats. This is the first study to identify the importance of NADPH oxidase in the regulation of erectile function in vivo.
The Association between Sexual Function, Pain, and Psychological Adaptation of Men Diagnosed with Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Type III
Authors: Aubin Sylvie , Berger Richard E. , Heiman Julia R. , Ciol Marcia A.
Published: February 2008

Introduction

Prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is known to have a negative impact on quality of life, especially on intimate relationships and sexual function. Information is, however, missing on the contribution of demographic and psychological variables to sexual variables.

Aim

We compared the sexual function of men with CPPS to men without pain, and examined the relationship between the sexual, demographic, and psychological measures in men with CPPS.

Main Outcome Measures

Self-report questionnaires assessing demographic, pain, sexual function, and psychological adaptation.

Methods

The sample consisted of 72 men diagnosed with CPPS and 98 men without any pain condition. Self-report questionnaires measuring demographic, pain, and sexual function were completed once at the eligibility visit by all subjects. CPPS subjects completed additional questionnaires related to pain and psychological adaptation.

Results

CPPS subjects differed from controls by reporting significantly less frequent sexual desire or thoughts, less frequent sexual activities, less arousal/erectile function, less orgasm function, and higher frequencies of genital pain during/after intercourse. When we adjusted for age and marital status, the difference between groups remained for thoughts/desire, frequency of sexual activity, and arousal/erectile function. Analysis of factors related to sexual function in CPPS subjects included pain status and psychological adaptation. Results showed that frequency of sexual activity decreased with increasing depression, whereas arousal/erectile function decreased with increasing pain symptoms and stress appraisal. Orgasm function decreased with increasing depression and pleasure/satisfaction decreased with increasing pain symptoms, stress appraisal, and decreasing belief of a relationship between emotions and pain.

Conclusions

We found a differential sexual profile for men with CPPS when compared to men without pain. The results suggest that interventions addressing psychological factors affecting sexual responses should be further studied in prospective clinical trials as one possible way to improve sexual function and satisfaction in men with CPPS.
Age of First Sexual Intercourse and Acculturation: Effects on Adult Sexual Responding
Authors: Woo Jane S.T. , Brotto Lori A.
Published: February 2008

Introduction

Although age of first intercourse and the emotional aspects of that experience are often a target in assessment because they are thought to contribute to later sexual functioning, research to date on how sexual debut relates to adult sexual functioning has been limited and contradictory.

Aim

The goal of this study was to explore the association between age of first intercourse and adult sexual function in a sample of Euro-Canadian and Asian Canadian university students. In addition, culture-based comparisons of sexual complaints were made to clarify the role of culture in sexual response.

Methods

Euro-Canadian (N=299) and Asian Canadian (N=329) university students completed the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction and the Vancouver Index of Acculturation.

Main Outcome Measures

Self-reported sexual problems and bidimensional acculturation.

Results

Ethnic group comparisons revealed that Asians reported more sexual complaints including sexual avoidance, dissatisfaction and non-sensuality. Among the women, Asians reported higher scores on the Vaginismus and Anorgasmia subscales whereas the ethnic groups did not differ on the male-specific measures of sexual complaints. In the overall sample, older age of first intercourse was associated with more sexual problems as an adult, including more sexual infrequency, sexual avoidance, and non-sensuality. Among the Asian Canadians, less identification with Western culture was predictive of more sexual complaints overall, more sexual noncommunication, more sexual avoidance, and more non-sensuality. For Asian women, acculturation interacted with age of first intercourse to predict Vaginismus scores.

Conclusions

Overall, these data replicate prior research that found that a university sample of individuals of Asian descent have higher rates of sexual problems and that this effect can be explained by acculturation. Earlier sexual debut was associated with fewer sexual complaints in adulthood.
Does Management of Erectile Dysfunction after Radical Prostatectomy Meet Patients' Expectations? Results of a National Survey (REPAIR) by the French Urological Association
Authors: Chartier-Kastler Emmanuel , Amar Edouard , Chevallier Daniel , Montaigne Olivier , Coulange Christian , Joubert Jean-Michel , Giuliano François
Published: February 2008

Introduction

Little stress has been placed on patients' satisfaction with regard to management of erectile dysfunction (ED) after radical prostatectomy (RP) and on how physicians' and patients' views may differ in this respect.

Aim

To assess the extent to which urologists' perceptions of their patients' expectations and the actual needs expressed by these patients coincide with regard to ED and its management.

Methods

Those French urologists who provisionally accepted to participate in the survey (760/1,272; 59.7%) received a physician survey instrument, 10 patient data forms to be completed during the first 10 consultations of patients who had undergone RP less than 12 months previously, and 10 copies of a questionnaire for patients to complete.

Main Outcome Measures

Patient-reported sexual activity, satisfaction with sexual activity (Male Sexual Health Questionnaire), and treatment expectations; urologists' subjective assessment of the importance given by their patients to ED; the timing they propose for starting ED treatment.

Results

Overall, 535/1,272 urologists (42%) returned the physician survey instrument (45.6 ± 8.7 years, 28–67) and 2,644 patients completed the patient questionnaire (64.0 ± 6.1 years, 44–79). The percentage of patients having intercourse pre RP was highly age-dependent (89% at 55–59 years; 56% at ≥70 years); 70–75% of patients claimed to be satisfied with their pre-RP sexual activity. Post RP, 27–53% of patients (depending upon length of follow-up), who were sexually active pre RP, had intercourse. Only 18% (<5 months' follow-up) or 28% (>5 months' follow-up) were satisfied. Over half (53%)—and especially the younger patients—expected early ED treatment (1 or 3 months post RP). Agreement between patients' expectations and urologists beliefs on timing of ED treatment was poor. At the 1- or 2-month visits, 73% of patients were already finding ED frustrating.

Conclusions

Erectile dysfunction is an important issue for patients who have undergone RP. Urologists tend to underestimate patients' distress and desire for early treatment.
Psychometric Validation of a Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire for Use in Men with Premature Ejaculation or Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Abraham Lucy , Symonds Tara , Morris Mark F.
Published: February 2008

Introduction

An instrument that can systematically capture the impact of sexual dysfunction on quality of life (QoL) in men is needed.

Aims

To psychometrically validate a sexual QoL instrument for men (SQOL-M) with premature ejaculation (PE) or erectile dysfunction (ED).

Methods

The main assessment populations were men participating in clinical trials of treatments for PE or ED. Men with PE had a confirmed intravaginal ejaculatory latency time of ≤2 minutes in ≥70% of attempts. Men with ED had a score of >21 on the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Confirmatory psychometric testing was conducted in further groups of men with PE.

Main Outcome Measures

The internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, test–retest reliability, and known-groups validity of the instrument were assessed.

Results

An 11-item version of the SQOL-M was produced following factor analyses on men with either PE or ED. Psychometric testing showed no overlap between items and good item-total correlations. Factor analysis confirmed a one-factor solution. Excellent internal consistency was demonstrated, with a Cronbach's alpha of ≥0.82 in all groups. In men reporting no change in their symptoms, the SQOL-M showed excellent test–retest reliability: the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.77 for men with PE, and 0.79 for men with ED. Convergent validity was also good. In men with PE, the SQOL-M correlated with the satisfaction and distress domains of the Index of Premature Ejaculation. In men with ED, the SQOL-M correlated with the overall satisfaction domain of the IIEF. The measure also demonstrated excellent discriminant validity between men with PE or ED and men with no sexual dysfunction (P <0.0001).

Conclusions

The SQOL-M instrument is a useful tool for evaluating sexual QoL in men with PE and ED.
Continuing Medical Education: The Role of Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy in the Treatment of Pelvic and Genital Pain-Related Sexual Dysfunction (CME)
Authors: Rosenbaum Talli Y. , Owens Annette
Published: February 2008

Introduction

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in women and men is associated with significant sexual dysfunction. Recently, musculoskeletal factors have been recognized as significant contributors to the mechanism of pelvic pain and associated sexual dysfunction, and in particular, pelvic floor muscle hypertonus has been implicated.

Aim

The purpose of this Continuing Medical Education article is to describe the musculoskeletal components involved in pelvic and genital pain syndromes and associated sexual dysfunction, introduce specific physical therapy assessment and intervention techniques, and provide suggestions for facilitating an effective working relationship among practitioners involved in treating these conditions.

Methods

A review of the relevant literature was performed, clarifying current definitions of pelvic pain, elucidating the role of musculoskeletal factors, and determining the efficacy of physical therapy interventions.

Results

A review of the role of physical therapy for the treatment of pelvic pain and related sexual dysfunction.

Conclusions

Physical therapy treatment of pelvic pain is an integral component of the multidisciplinary approach to CPP and associated sexual dysfunction.
Sickle Cell Disease Status and Outcomes of African-American Men Presenting with Priapism
Authors: Bennett Nelson , Mulhall John
Published: February 2008

Introduction

Priapism is associated with sickle cell disease (SSD); however, few men receive education about this condition, which contributes to attenuated return of functional erections.

Aim

To define the demographics, SSD status, and treatment outcomes of African-American men presenting with priapism.

Main Outcome Measures

Demographics, medical history, self-report of sickle cell status, and outcome assessment using International Inventory of Erectile Function (IIEF) of men with priapism were retrospectively reviewed.

Methods

A review of 39 cases of venocclusive priapism in African-American men was conducted. Charts were reviewed for demographics, medical history including SSD status by patient self-report, serum hemoglobin electrophoresis results, and priapism treatment and outcome.

Results

Mean duration of presenting priapism episode was 22 ± 12 hours (6–70 hours). Eight percent of men had priapism for <12 hours, 59% 12–24 hours, 22% 24–36 hours, and 11% >36 hours. All patients with priapism events of >12 hours complained of reduction in erectile rigidity. No patients with priapism >36 hours duration had return of spontaneous functional erections, but 44% (24–36 hours), 78% (12–24 hours) and 100% (<12 hours) were able to generate functional erections with or without the use of sildenafil. Follow-up IIEF erectile function domain scores paralleled incidence of functional erections. Penile shunt surgery was required in 28%. Only 5% of men recalled learning that priapism was a complication of SSD. Six men denied a history of SSD; however, hemoglobin electrophoresis revealed abnormal hemoglobin S and elevated hemoglobin F levels in four of these men.

Conclusions

The association of SSD and venocclusive priapism is well known in the medical community, yet few patients ever receive education regarding the emergency nature of the condition. The majority of men presents in a delayed fashion, and a significant proportion requires shunt surgery leading to long-term erectile dysfunction. Of those who denied having SSD, two-thirds had SSD by hemoglobin electrophoresis.
STUDIES ON THE AETIOLOGY OF SUGAR‐CANE FROGHOPPER BLIGHT IN TRINIDAD
Authors: WITHYCOMBE C. L.
Published: February 2008

The froghopper (Monecphora saccharina Dist.) is a serious pest of sugar‐cane in Trinidad.

Of the two important aspects of the problem namely (1) the factors controlling the numbers of the froghoppers themselves, and (2) the conditions influencing resistance of the canes to, and recovery from attack, the second is considered in the present paper.

The bionomics of the froghopper are briefly dealt with.

The saliva of the froghopper is slightly acid (pH. 6.0–6.2) and it contains amylytic and oxidising enzymes.

The effect of the froghopper sucking the cane leaf is described, noting especially the peculiar and primary effects upon the border parenchyma.

Later spread of injury is described in detail and various influences at work are considered.

The water relations of the plant appear to be highly important in connection with recovery from injury and retardation of the spread of injurious effects.

Fertilisers have not been shown to aid recovery.

The problem is discussed in several of its aspects and the contents of the paper, with suggestions for further investigation, summarised on pp. 102–106. “Canes do not necessarily show serious blight when froghoppers have been abundant, nor is abundance of the insect a necessary condition for serious blight.” Agreat abundance of froghoppers, of course, is bound to have a seriously deleterious effect, quite apart from the condition of the cane. The importance of water relations is emphasised.
SOME NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS OF THE TOMATO
Authors: BEWLEY W. F. , WHITE H. L.
Published: February 2008

Blotchy ripening of tomato fruits is the result of malnutrition in respect of potash and nitrogen, especially the former. Phosphates seem to be unimportant in this respect.

The proportion of blotchy fruits may be reduced to less than 1 per cent, by suitable applications of sulphate of potash and sulphate of ammonia.

Blotchy ripening has not been eliminated entirely by manurial treatment. Other factors, probably climatic in nature, play some part in the incidence of this disorder.

Root invading fungi, such as Colletotrichum tabificum, interfere with the feeding of the plant and indirectly cause blotchiness of the fruit.

Exposure of the fruits to excessive sunlight causes a type of blotchiness known as “green back” if the nitrogen and potash supply is inadequate.

Blotchy ripening may be accompanied by necrosis of the vascular bundles of the fruit and breakdown of the adjacent tissues with the formation of canals.

A deficiency of nitrogen and potash in the soil in which tomato plants are growing causes distinctive colour changes in the leaf.

The leaves of tomato plants grown in soil deficient in nitrogenous foods, develop pale yellow blotches between the veins. The blotches gradually increase in size until the entire leaf surface is yellow.

Leaf scorch, characterised by a paling and subsequent desiccation of the leaf margin is due to potash starvation.

When potash is absent from the nutrient supply, the severity of leaf scorch increases as the nitrogen and phosphate supply is increased.

Leaf scorch can be eliminated completely by the application of sulphate of potash.
A SULPHUR‐DEFICIENCY DISEASE OF THE TEA BUSH
Authors: STOREY H. H. , LEACH R.
Published: February 2008

The yellows disease of tea, the nature of which has hitherto remained obscure, has caused serious losses to planters in Nyasaland.

It is characterised by a progressive degeneration of the bush, in which the leaves become chlorotic, small, uprolled and of stiff texture, and are finally shed. Eventually the bush dies.

The disease usually only appears when the soil has been impoverished by erosion or cropping. On certain soil types it may appear in young plantings on newly cleared land.

In field experiments the disease was prevented or cured by treatment of the soil (a with mixed fertilisers that included sulphates, (b with the sulphates of ammonium, potassium, sodium or magnesium, or (c with elemental sulphur.

Typical symptoms of yellows disease appeared in tea seedlings grown in water culture deprived of sulphur.

Individual branches of diseased bushes in the field made normal healthy growth after absorbing through a side shoot a dilute solution of a sulphate.

The application of sulphates to certain roots only of a diseased bush caused a recovery only in the branches subtended by those roots.

Tobacco plants grown in Nyasaland soil without added sulphur developed a characteristic chlorosis, which was cured by the addition of sulphur.

The part played by Kkizoctonia bataticola was studied and it was concluded that this fungus was not concerned in the initiation of the disease.

This evidence has led us to conclude that tea yellows disease is produced by a deficit of sulphur in the plant in relation to other essential elements.
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF VIRUS DISEASES IN PLANTS IV. THE NATURE OF THE VIRUS AGENT OF AUCUBA OR YELLOW MOSAIC OF TOMATO
Authors: CALDWELL JOHN
Published: February 2008

In this paper the symptoms of aucuba mosaic of tomato in. N. glutinosa are described. A method is discussed whereby it is possible to count the spots formed after inoculation with juice diluted to different strengths. The fact that the number of spots formed is proportional to the amount of dilution is taken as indication of the particulate nature of the virus. A method is suggested for counting the number of virus particles present in a juice. It is shown that the amount of virus present in a juice does not increase after agitation or after treatment with proteolytic enzymes. With trypsin and diastase they were decreased. This decrease, it is suggested, is due to the adsorption rather than to the destruction of the virus. The amount of multiplication of the virus in the tissues of N. glutinosa is examined and compared with the much greater multiplication in tomato tissues.

This work was carried out under the auspices of the Empire Marketing Board.
THE TOXICITY OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE TO CERTAIN WOOD‐BORING INSECTS
Authors: PARKIN E. A. , BUSVINE J. R.
Published: February 2008

The relation of this investigation to other problems connected with wood fumigation is indicated and previous work bearing on the subject is reviewed.

The technique is described by which the toxicity of hydrocyanic acid gas to certain wood‐feeding insects has been determined under standard conditions.

Results of experiments withLyctussp. larvae at 20 and 25° C. and withLyctus brunneusbeetles andAnobium punctatumlarvae at 25° C. are given and resistance curves for different concentrations and exposures drawn from them.

The relative resistances and the toxicity relationships of the different insects are discussed.

Experiments withLyctuslarvae at 20 anu 25° C. show that the insects are more susceptible to HCN at the higher temperature.

At 25° C.Lyctuslarvae are more susceptible to HCN thanLyctusbeetles orAnobiumlarvae.
FIELD EXPERIMENTS ON THE CONTROL OF APHIS‐TRANSMITTED VIRUS DISEASES OF HYOSCYAMUS NIGER
Authors: WATSON(HAMILTON) MARION A.
Published: February 2008

Summary

Aphis infestation of the first‐year's growth of Hyoscyamus niger grown as a biennial crop, was reduced by spraying with a solution of nicotine and soft soap for the first 8 or 9 weeks.

The greatest effect was obtained by spraying at weekly intervals, but spraying fortnightly and spraying weekly in June or weekly in July, also slightly reduced the infestation.

The percentage of infection by aphis‐transmitted viruses was lower on the sprayed plots than on the unsprayed.

No effect of treatments on yield was obtained at the first cropping in the first year of growth which coincided with the end of the spraying period.

As a result of weekly spraying in the first year a 30 per cent increase of yield was obtained in the third crop taken in May of the second year.