bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gross and Histopathological Findings of Stomach in Cases of Fatal Poisonings Reported at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Harish Kumar Poola  , Mahesh Mandala  , Ganja Chandra Deepak  , Kattamreddy Ananth Rupesh  , K. Parvathi  , M. Taqiuddin Khan
Published: July 2023

Poisoning deaths are a major public health concern in India because of intentional consumption of toxic substancesto commit suicide. Poisoning related mortality is huge compared to the morbidity in our country. This is one ofthe reasons for more number of poisoning cases in our autopsy work. Undoubtedly, autopsy is a very essentialtool in knowing the exact cause of death in all these cases. The gross and histopathological examination of postmortemspecimens is crucial for the accurate identification of the cause of poisoning-related deaths along withchemical analysis. In this autopsy-based study, we investigate the gross and histopathological changes in thestomach associated with poisoning caused by various substances, including pesticides, corrosive substances, andmedications.The study included 118 poisoning fatality cases autopsied at Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad. The mainobjective of this study was to investigate the effects of different poisonings on the stomach wall by conductinggross and histopathological examination of gastric tissue. In addition, the study aimed to evaluate the potentialuse of stomach pathology findings as a diagnostic criterion for various poisonings and to establish a correlationbetween these findings and the chemical analysis of viscera data. The sociodemographic data, circumstances ofpoisoning and reasons for suicide were also studied.The study revealed that the major gross changes observed in the stomach were congestion, erosion, haemorrhage,and paleness, listed in descending order of occurrence. Similarly, the major histopathological findings identifiedin the stomach were congestion, gastritis, necrotic changes, and submucosal haemorrhages, listed in descendingorder of frequency.

In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the effects of different poisonings on the stomach wallthrough gross and histopathological examination of gastric tissue. The findings indicate that while gross and histopathological findings alone may not be sufficient for diagnosis, they can be used in conjunction with other diagnostic tools to accurately identify the cause of poisoning-related deaths. Moreover, the study suggests that the development of gastric mucosa specific immunohistochemistry techniques may offer a promising on-spot diagnostic tool for poisoning cases.
Demographic Profile and Outcome of Acute Poisoning and Envenomation among Children in Tertiary Care Hospital: An 8-Year Ambispective Study
Authors: Aradhanaba Gohil  , Rajesh N Pankhaniya  , Rahul Tandon  , Krutika Rahul Tandon  , Vatsal Bhadesiya  , Mayur Shinde
Published: July 2023

Background: Poisoning and Envenomation in children are quite common medical emergencies requiringhospitalization. Different regions may have different profiles depending on location and standards of living. Toknow the profile and outcome of acute poisoning and envenomation among children at our region this study wasundertaken.Methods: The ambispective study from year 2014 -2021 reviewed all maximum possible cases of pediatricpoisoning and envenomation by retrieving files from the medical record department and pertinent informationcollected.Results: Out of 188 analyzed data, 97 (51.3%) were males. Median (Q1, Q3) age in years was 9.5 (2.7, 15.3). Totalcases of acute poisoning were 91(48.4%), 80(42.6%) snakebite/scorpion/other bites whereas 17(9%) drowning& hanging. In outcome, deaths were in 7(3.7%) whereas 167(88.8%) discharged, 12(6.3%) LAMA and referral2(1.1%). Accidental and suicidal poisoning cases were 123(65.4%) & 39(20.8%) respectively. Among substancepoisoning, the top 2 causes were organophosphorus poisoning 37(41.1%) & kerosene 13(14.4%). Ventilatorsupport, vasoactive drug support, debridement and dialysis were required in 58(30.9%), 21(11.2%), 14(7.5%) &3(1.6%) cases respectively. Metabolic acidosis and hyponatremia in 25(13.3) & 16(8.5%) cases whereas mortalitywas significantly associated with the need for vasoactive support and aluminum phosphide poisoning.Conclusion: In children, acute accidental poisoning was commonest followed by envenomation at our tertiarycare canter. Vasoactive support and aluminum phosphide poisoning were predictors of poor outcomes.
Medico – Legal Profile among the Unnatural Deaths in Paediatric Age Group at SMS Hospital, Jaipur
Authors: R.K Punia  , Dipender Singh  , Siddharth Vijay Vergia  , Suresh Kajla
Published: July 2023

Background: Childhood begins after birth and continues into adolescence; according to the Children’s Bill ofRights, childhood is defined as the life up to 18 years after birth. Childhood mortality is a reliable indicator ofhealth care facilities of a country and its development.Aims & Objective: Assessment of medico–legal profile among the unnatural deaths in paediatric age group atSMS Hospital, JaipurMaterial & Methodology: A cross sectional observational prospective study that used inclusion and exclusioncriteria was conducted. 65 autopsies of medico-legal paediatric unnatural death were taken in the study. Thepresent study had been conducted in the Mortuary, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, SMS Hospital,Jaipur during the period from 15 June 2021 to 14 June 2022.Result & Observation: In this study total 65 pediatric victims studied. Male children account for 61.54 % (40victims) while female account for 38.46 % (25 victims), unintentional pattern of death was present in 49 subjectwith accidental manner of death in all. Intentional pattern of death was present in 16 subject with homicidalmanner of death in 6.15 % and suicidal manner of death in 18.45 %, In present study 23 subject (35.38 %) died dueto Road Traffic Accident, followed by Fall From Height in 12 subject (18.45 %).Conclusion: From the study we concluded that there is an immense responsibility for the parents and caregiversin supervising their children. If the incident cannot be prevented, the victim should receive immediate care rightaway in order to save their life.
Gastric Perforation Due to Yellow Oleander Poisoning: First Case Report in Humans
Authors: Furqan Mohammed Ahmed  , Sudharsanan Sundaramurthi  , Sudharshan Mahalingam  , Dandugula Pavan Kumar
Published: July 2023

Yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana) is a commonly found shrub in India which produces multiple alkaloidswhich are cardiotoxic. Numerous cases of yellow oleander poisoning have been reported in humans. The spectrumof toxicity due to this plant ranges from nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, electrolyte abnormalities and arrhythmiasin humans. No case of bowel necrosis due to yellow oleander has been reported in humans to the best of ourknowledge.We present a case of 45-year-old female with suicidal consumption of crushed yellow oleander seeds. The patientwas admitted and observed for arrhythmias. On day 2 of admission, she developed bloody stools, hematemesisand abdominal pain. Abdominal examination showed rigidity and per rectal examination showed blood-stainedmucoid stools. A CECT was done which showed findings suggestive of gastric necrosis with perforation. Thepatient was taken up for surgery and stomach was found to be gangrenous with a perforation at the greatercurvature. Total gastrectomy was performed. The post operative biopsy showed extensive transmural coagulativenecrosis of the stomach and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the submucosa.Necrosis of bowel has been reported in experimental settings in animals and in cattle poisoning but no reportedcase of stomach necrosis and perforation due to yellow oleander has been reported in humans. As yellow oleanderis a commonly used suicidal poison in Southern Asia, an eye needs to be kept out for gastrointestinal symptoms.We conclude with recommendations on management of yellow oleander poisoning in the light of these newmanifestations.
Autopsy Based Prospective Study of Synthetic Cow Dung Poisoning (Yellow Sani Powder Poisoning)
Authors: Ganapathy. S  , Dhuvarakesh Apparaj  , Jeyasingh. T  , Manoharan. C
Published: July 2023

Traditionally it is believed that cow dung has germicidal and insect repellent properties in the Indian Sub Continent.South Indian people have been using the natural cow dung for cleaning, lining and painting the courtyard andhouse premises. In this modern era, owing to the unavailability of natural cow dung, the people have resorted tousing synthetic dye (synthetic cow dung) which is called colloquially as “Manjal Sani Powder” in Tamil. Syntheticcow dung powder(Auramine) - a dye compound, even though legally banned, is till date easily available locallywith small shops and vendors. Aim of the present study is to explore the postmortem findings of Synthetic cowdung powder (sani powder) poisoning in Western Tamil Nadu i.e, Coimbatore, the Nilgiris, Tiruppur, Erodeand Karur districts, the study being conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Coimbatore MedicalCollege.The following parameters were collected and analyzed: the deceased’s sex and age, Post mortem findings,histopathological and chemical analysis reports.A total number of 224 cases were analyzed. Most of the deceasedpersons are of age between 31 to 40years in females (38.8%) andbetween 41 to 50years in males (36.6%). Most ofthe deceased persons were males(78.1%). Postmortem findings of yellow cow dung poisoning were yellowishdiscoloration of skin. Internal findings noted were tongue yellow coated. All the internal organs were stainedyellow.Intense Vigil and Strict Enforcement of regulations for manufacturing and selling of synthetic dyes cansignificantly reduce the incidence of Synthetic Yellow Cow Dung(Saani) powder poisoning.
Dark side of Electricity: Hospital based Retrospective Observation Study of Deaths Due to Electrocution
Authors: Gyan Prakash Gaur  , Anupam Johry  , Karni Singh  , Ravi Kant Saini
Published: July 2023

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge. Electrical injuriesare a relatively common type of mechanical trauma that can be caused by lightning, low-voltage trauma, or high-voltagetrauma. They frequently have high morbidity and mortality rates. A hospital based descriptive observational study that wasconducted at the SMS Medical College, in the department of forensic medicine in Jaipur, Rajasthan from 20th June 2021 to19th June 2022. There were 75 death cases from electrocution that were included in the sample. Males made up 92% of cases,while females made up only 8% of cases, for a male to female ratio of 11.5 to 1. The majority of the subjects (34.67%) arebetween the ages of 21 and 30. Age group 31–40 (26.67%) came next. There are 54 (72% of the total) rural residents in thearea where the subject resides. The majority of the subjects, or 39 (52%), fell into the lower middle class according to theModified Kuppuswamy scale. Mortality rate in fatal electrocution cases can be reduced by providing immediate and adequateresuscitation. Although accidental electrocution accounts for the majority of fatalities, suicidal and homicidal electrocutionshould also be taken into account. In each of these situations, the incident’s history, along with a thorough investigation of thecrime scene and an autopsy report may enable us to determine the death’s cause and manner, allowing us to use the informationto plan and put into action preventive measures to lower the likelihood of future occurrences.
Analyzing the Forensic Significance of Tattoos and their Relevance in India
Authors: K. Lakshmi Pragna  , Pranav Goswami
Published: July 2023

This research paper envisages to throw light on the forensic importance of tattoos in investigation and identificationfrom a global perspective. It also aims to analyze the relevance of tattoos in forensic science in India. The authorshighlight that with increased passion and popularity in body modification, sometimes, tattoos are the onlyevidence that the judiciary solely depends to identify and convict an accused. Thus, tattoos play a significant rolein criminal justice system. However, sole reliance on tattoos in this regard may not deliver precise conclusion asthere are psychopathological and scientific gaps involved.This research paper is divided into two segments – Part I and Part II, to analyze and substantiate the objective ofthe paper with judicial and legislative backing. Finally, the paper provides recommendations which may improvethe effectiveness of tattoos in forensic analysis and judicial proceedings in India.
Morphometric Study of Gall Bladder in Maharashtra Population
Authors: Manjusha Dattaprasad Raval
Published: July 2023

Background: Variations in morphology and metrical values of Gall Bladder (GB) is quite common. These variationsare frequently observed during imaging and procedures like laparoscopy and cholecystectomy. The anatomicalvariation of GB is essential to clinician.Method: 48 adult cadavers were studied to evaluate the morphometric study of GB. The size and shape wereclassified with percentage. The length and breadth were measured with tailors tape.Results: 52.08% pear shaped, 10.4% flask shaped, 12.5% cylinder shaped, 6.25% hour glass shaped, 6.25% intrahepatic, 2.08% left GB, 2.08% double GB were studied. The mean length of GB was 6.80 (±1.42), 2.82 (±0.78) wasmean breadth of GB, t test was 17.2 and p<0.01Conclusion: The anatomic variations of GB and biliary tract are critical during surgical procedure. The presentstudy will certainly help surgeon to carry out surgeries without causing morbidity and mortality. Moreover thesevariations will help the radiologist for proper reporting the diseases related to GB and biliary apparatus.
Investigating the Post-Mortem Interval (PMI) with Forensically Important Necrobiomes
Authors: Pallavi Kumari  , Shubham Yadav
Published: July 2023

Estimating the post-mortem time interval (PMI) is a crucial component of the forensic investigation and is extremelydifficult for medico-legal experts to do. After death, the succession of microbes in various parts of the human bodyhas enormous potential for predicting PMI. The human body is home to trillions of commensal microorganisms.These microbes behave in a different way when biological processes stop, which coincides with the death of anindividual and the invasion of deteriorating microbes from the environment. Due to cell autolysis, which draws avariety of invasive macro- and microorganisms, human cadavers become a rich source of nutrients. The successionof microorganisms differs significantly at various stages of degradation, which can be investigated for precisePMI estimation. Necrobiome analysis has drawn a lot of attention in PMI estimation due to the developmentof microbial genomics technology and decrease in the price of DNA sequencing. The review article provides asummary of the various microorganism sources, their successional pattern, and analytical methods that can beused in the field of microbial forensics.
Gross and Histopathological Study of Adrenal Glands from Routine Medico legal Autopsies
Authors: Riji Vincent Tharakan  , R.N. Wasnik
Published: July 2023

Background: Autopsies are important in clinical medicine as they can identify medical errors and assist incontinuous improvement. The role of a forensic pathologist is highly significant in determining the cause of deathas an undiagnosed case can contribute to the improvement of clinical or surgical management of such type ofpatients, and help prevent unexpected deaths in the future. In an era, where pathological autopsies are limited,the medico-legal autopsy will serve as supplement to document the incidental adrenal pathologies in the studypopulation.Material and Methods: The prospectivestudy was performed after getting proper approval from Institute ethicalcommittee. The adrenal glands were procured from medico-legal autopsies conducted from 2019 -2021, at themortuary of Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad. All the necessary details were noted from thepolice requisition, Inquest panchnama and clinical papers provided. All the important findings were noted downin the predesigned case record form.Result: A total of 128 adrenal glands were examined for gross and histopathological changes. The number of malesand females studied comprised of 38 males (59 %) and 26 females (41%). Majority of lesions were observed onhistopathology as compared to gross examination. Maximum number of the lesions were observed in the age groupbetween 21 to 30 years (29%). Gross adrenal lesions were noted in 62% males and 38% females. Histopathologylesions were noted in 63% males and 37% females. The study showed more of unnatural cases than natural cases.Majority of the lesions are seen in unnatural deaths than natural deaths except enlarged adrenals are found innatural deaths. Majority of the adrenal histopathology lesions were found in unnatural deaths except adrenalitis,hypertrophy and atrophy which is common in natural deaths. Majority of the lesions are found in unnaturaldeaths both on gross 73% as well as histopathological 67% examination.Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of Gross as well as Histopathological examination in medicolegalautopsies. In cases of negative autopsies, this necessitates to examine the adrenal glands, histopathologically whichmay give a clue about the cause of death.
Evaluating Skeletal Trauma and Forensic Anthropology for Medicolegal Investigations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sachin Kumar Tripathi  , Sakshi Singh  , Rajiv Ratan Singh  , Pradeep kumar Yadav
Published: July 2023

Background: Skeletal trauma analysis is crucial in the area of forensic anthropology for locating and analyzingwounds in human remains. For the evaluation and recording of bone injuries, a number of techniques and methodshave been developed over the years, including ocular examination and cutting-edge imaging modalities. In orderto determine the approaches used in diagnosing bone trauma, the goal of this systematic review is to criticallystudy the body of current research. The goal of this study is to draw attention to the advantages, disadvantages,and recent technological developments of these techniques.Aim: This study thoroughly examines the examination of skeletal trauma and the function of forensic anthropologyin medicolegal cases, finding knowledge gaps and outlining potential directions for future research.Method: To find relevant studies released within a certain timeframe, a thorough search across the largest scientificdatabases was carried out. Studies on the assessment of skeletal trauma and the use of forensic anthropology inmedicolegal cases were also included. For methodological rigor, quality, and applicability, the chosen papersunderwent careful evaluation. According to the particular approaches and procedures used in assessing skeletaltrauma and the contributions of forensic anthropology to the field, data were retrieved, synthesized, and classified.Conclusion: This systematic study examines several approaches for assessing skeletal injuries in medicolegalinvestigations, stressing their benefits and drawbacks as well as the function of forensic anthropology. For thisdiscipline to improve accuracy and validity, advancements, established standards, and cutting-edge technologyare essential.
Observational Study of Atlas Vertebra in South Karnataka Population with Special Reference to Retro Articular Canals and Foramina Transversarium
Authors: Yogesh M  , Rajeswara Rao N  , Raghavendra R
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Atlas Vertebra (1st cervical vertebra) is called “atypical vertebra” and has unusual shape andarchitecture. The dimensions of atlas vertebra are most essential in the technique of cranio-vertebral regionstabilization. The Retroarticular canals and foramina transversaria are important for transoral transpalatinalapproaches to clivus, atlas and axis.Aim and objectives: To study the incidence of Retroarticular canals and symmetry of foramina transversaria.Materials and Methods: The material for the present study consists of 100 adult intact human atlases of unknownsexes. They were collected from the department of anatomy, MS Ramaiah Medical College.Results: Total number of incidences of retroarticular canals were 10 , 6 were present on right and 4 were on left, Outof 6 on right side 3 were complete and 3 were incomplete ,on left side 2 were complete and 2 were incomplete. Theforamina transversaria are more prominent on right side in 29 vertebrae as compared to left prominence, whichwas observed only in 15 atlas vertebrae. But in majority of cases (60 atlas vertebrae) the foramina transversariaare equal in size.Conclusion: The study was conducted in 100 atlas vertebrae The observations on retroarticular canals andsymmetry of foramina transversaria did show significant results. This study will be useful for the forensicanatomists, forensic anthropologists, radiologists, neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons
INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI KEISLAMAN BERBASIS WAWASAN KEBANGSAAN DALAM SISTEM PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Suud Sarim Karimullah
Published: July 2023

This article examines the internalization of Islamic values ​​based on national insight into the education system. While the discussion includes; the application of Islamic values ​​based on national insight and urgency in the education system with the aim that Muslims are always enthusiastic in maintaining Islamic and national values ​​so that they are not easily influenced by various understandings that can threaten the diversity of life in the Pancasila state. Then, the preparation of this article uses a literature study through qualitative descriptive analysis because the information presented is in a descriptive form with an explanation in the form of a statement through an inductive nature. Furthermore, the results of this article state that the application of Islamic values ​​based on national insight can be carried out through the order of personal, family, social, economic, political and national life. Meanwhile, the urgency of its application in the education system aims to remind all elements of the Indonesian nation, including Muslims in particular, that the national education system must adhere to divine values, just and civilized humanity, unity, deliberation and justice, which are essentially in line with various values ​​in Islamic teachings.
Etika Bertetangga Dalam Presfektif Hadis
Authors: Abdul Pandi  , Arifuddin Ahmad  , Erwin Hafid
Published: July 2023

Researchers are interested in researching this in order to find out: Neighboring ethics in a hadith perspective. Aims to find out about: neighborly ethics, neighborly ethics in the hadith perspective and the virtues of neighbors. This research is entirely in the nature of library research. The results of this study indicate that, neighborly ethics in Islam is part of the guidelines and ethics in neighbors that need to be considered by Muslims in all lines. Neighbors are people around us who need to be respected and treated in the best possible way because every day we interact with people around us. Therefore, we need to apply neighborly ethics in accordance with Islamic teachings so that relations with neighbors remain harmonious. and established good friendships. Neighboring ethics among Muslims, This treatment is not only given to our neighbors whose background is Muslim, but also to our neighbors who are non-Muslims. In fact, in order to protect the rights and honor of his neighbours, Al-Hasan has no problem giving sacrificial meat to non-Muslim neighbours, both Jews and Christians. The virtue of having a ladder because neighbors are the closest family from the existing environment, and live side by side with each other. If every neighbor respects other neighbors, and everyone glorifies their neighbors, the community will undoubtedly be good, because a sense of brotherhood has been created, mutual love, and mutual respect for other neighbors. Humans do not only establish a vertical relationship with Allah (read: hablul minallah) but also build an intimate horizontal relationship with other creatures, with the principle of mutual need.
Attention to space and time: Independent or interactive systems? A narrative review
Authors: Capizzi Mariagrazia , Chica Ana B. , Lupiáñez Juan , Charras Pom
Published: July 2023

While there is ample evidence for the ability to selectively attend to where in space and when in time a relevant event might occur, it remains poorly understood whether spatial and temporal attention operate independently or interactively to optimize behavior. To elucidate this important issue, we provide a narrative review of the literature investigating the relationship between the two. The studies were organized based on the attentional manipulation employed (endogenous vs. exogenous) and the type of task (detection vs. discrimination). Although the reviewed findings depict a complex scenario, three aspects appear particularly important in promoting independent or interactive effects of spatial and temporal attention: task demands, attentional manipulation, and their combination. Overall, the present review provides key insights into the relationship between spatial and temporal attention and identifies some critical gaps that need to be addressed by future research.
राजभाषा-‘हिंदी’ के संदर्भ में के.एम. मुंशी का योगदान
Authors: राठोड डॉ. नीतिनकुमार जी.
Published: July 2023

के.एम. मुंशी का राष्ट्रीय एकता में क्या योगदान था? और हिंदी को राष्ट्रभाषा बनाने के लिये उनका क्या योगदान रहा है? इस विषय पर बात करना चाहता हूं। ‘गुजरात’ (मासिक), ‘समर्पण’, हंस(प्रेमचन्दजी के साथ) आदि पत्रिकाओं के माध्यम से और भारतीय विद्याभवन की स्थापना, उदयपुर में अखिल भारत हिन्दी साहित्य परिषद के प्रमुख और १९३७-३९ - मुंबई राज्य के सांसद-गृहमंत्री रहे उस दौरान भाषा और साहित्य के लिए उन्होनें काफी काम किया था। उपर्युक्त सभी पहेलुओं में मुंशी का योगदान हिंदी के विकास में और राष्ट्रभाषा/राजभाषा बनाने में रहा है। इसमें से मुझे सन. १९२९-४२ में मुन्शी ने साहित्य संसद के प्रमुख स्थान से जो व्याख्यान दिए थे वह अति महत्वपूर्ण है। के. एम. मुंशी ने १९३६ में यह विश्वास व्यक्त किया था कि अगर हम लिपि और साहित्य के भेद मिटा के साहित्य और कला में एकता लाए तो एक-दो दशक में राष्ट्रभाषा का उद्भव हो सकता है। प्रांतीय साहित्य की मदद से हम एक भाषा, एक साहित्य का निर्माण कर सकते हैं बशर्ते हमें इसके समर्थन में सभी प्रान्त की आत्माओं से एक आवाज़ एक साथ निकलानी चाहिए। मुन्शी कहतें हैं कि आर्यभाषा में संस्कृत भाषा हमारे पुराणों और आत्मा की भाषा है। सभी भाषा की जननी संस्कृत है। इसीलिए से संस्कृत राष्ट्रीय एकता ला सकती है। गांधीजी की प्रेरणा से, भारतीय विद्याभवन की स्थापना, उदयपुर में अखिल भारत हिन्दी साहित्य परिषद के प्रमुख, हिंदी साहित्य की कई पत्रिकाओं के माध्यम से मुंशीजी ने हिंदी को राजभाषा बनाने में अहम योगदान दिया है। संविधान में ‘मुन्शी आयंगर’ फार्मूला नाम से विख्यात अनुच्छेद संविधान के भाग-17में अनुच्छेद ३४३ से ३५१ तक में दर्ज है। मुन्शी का यह योगदान भारत कभी भूल नहीं सकता। 14 सितम्बर 1949 को ‘हिंदी दिवस’ के रूप में मनाने में भी मुंशी जी का योगदान रहा है। अपनी मातृभाषा गुजराती होने के बावजूद काफी संस्थाओं का निर्माण करके, हिंदी विषयक साहित्य की रचना करके, हिंदी पत्रिकाओं का प्रकाशन करके मुंशीजी ने हिंदी को राजभाषा बनाने पर काफी जोर दिया है। हिंदी को राष्ट्रभाषा बनाने के लिए मुंशी जी ने जो महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई, जो योगदान दिया है उसे भूलाया नहीं जा सकता।
LİSANS ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN DÖRDÜNCÜ ENDÜSTRİ DEVRİMİ’NE İLİŞKİN KAVRAMSAL FARKINDALIK DÜZEYLERİNE DAİR ÖZ DEĞERLENDİRMELERİ: KAYSERİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: AKSOYLU Semra , SALMAN Ümit Nusret
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışma, Kayseri Üniversitesinin (KAYÜ) Mühendislik, Mimarlık ve Tasarım Fakültesi ve Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi ile Erciyes Üniversitesi (ERÜ) ve Nuh Naci Yazgan (NNYÜ) Üniversitesinin Mühendislik ve İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültelerinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin Dördüncü Endüstri Devrimi’ne ilişkin kavramsal farkındalık düzeylerine dair öz değerlendirmelerini ölçmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma verileri, öğrencilerle yapılan anket ve yüz yüze görüşmeler aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Çalışmaya üç üniversitenin iki farklı bölümünde öğrenim gören 760 öğrenci katılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin öğrenim gördükleri bölümlere ve fakültelere göre istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmadığının tespit edilmesinin yanı sıra; Dördüncü Endüstri Devrimi’ne ilişkin kavramsal farkındalık düzeylerine dair öz değerlendirmelerinin en yüksek olduğunu düşünen öğrenci kümesinin NNYÜ öğrencileri (420,48) olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
APEC Ülkelerinin Ulaştırma Altyapılarının Kümeleme Analizi ile Karşılaştırılması
Authors: TAŞTAN Serkan , ARIÇ Kıvanç Halil , MOUJAHİD Sara
Published: July 2023

Ülkelerin ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde ekonomik anlamda rekabetçiliklerini artırabilmelerini sağlayan unsurlardan biri olan ulaştırma altyapısı, ülkeler arasındaki mal ve hizmet akışını kolaylaştırarak ülkelerin ekonomik büyümelerine katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda APEC ülkelerinde yaşanan ekonomik gelişmeler doğrultusunda altyapı olanaklarının geliştirilmesine yönelik sürekli artan bir talep olsa bile bölge ülkelerinin farklı gelişmişlik düzeylerine sahip olmaları nedeniyle altyapı olanakları noktasında ülkeler arasında farlılıklar gözlenmesi kaçınılmazdır. APEC üyesi ülkelerin genel olarak ulaştırma altyapılarını geliştirmeye yönelik yatırımlar yaptıkları görülmektedir. Yine de bazı gelişmekte olan APEC ülkelerinin temel ulaşım altyapıları noktasında bile yeterli düzeyde oldukları söylenemez. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada ulaştırma altyapıları kapsamında APEC üyesi ülkeler kümeleme analizi ile incelenmiş ve böylelikle ülkeler arasındaki benzerliklerle birlikte olası farklılıkların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre ülkeler 2008 yılında üç kümeye ayrılırken 2019 yılında altı kümeye bölünmüşlerdir. Hem 2008 hem de 2019 yıllarında Singapur, Hong Kong ve Japonya en iyi ulaştırma altyapı imkânlarına sahip ülkeler olmuşlardır. Diğer taraftan Vietnam, Filipinler ve Peru’nun ise her iki yıl içinde en kötü ulaştırma altyapı olanaklarına sahip olan ülkeler oldukları görülmüştür. 2008 yılında ulaştırma altyapıları açısından en kötü ülkeler ile aynı kümede bulunan Çin, 2019 yılında genel olarak en iyi üçüncü küme ülkeleri arasında yer alarak bu süreçte en büyük ilerlemeyi gösteren ülke olmuştur.
Geleceğin Meslekleri ve Becerileri: Türkiye’de Ekonomik Kalkınma İçin Bir Fırsat Penceresi
Authors: ERDEN ÖZSOY Ceyda , TOSUNOĞLU Burak Tuğberk
Published: July 2023

Yakın bir gelecekte teknolojik gelişme ve değişen ihtiyaçlar nedeniyle bazı yeni mesleklerin ortaya çıkması ve bazı mesleklerin de yok olması beklenmektedir. Bu beklentinin oluşmasının arkasında üç küresel megatrend öne çıkmaktadır. Birincisi, teknolojik ilerleme ve dijitalleşme sonucunda internet, bulut teknolojisi, veri analitik ve yapay zekâ gibi teknolojilerin kullanımının artmasıdır. İkincisi, demografik dönüşüm neticesinde nüfusun yaşlanması, artan sağlık sorunları ve sağlık sektöründe gelişen teknolojilerin etkisiyle sağlık hizmetlerindeki değişmelerdir. Üçüncüsü ise küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği sorunlarının üstesinden gelebilmek için çevre ve sürdürülebilirlik konusunda ortaya çıkan gelişmelerdir. Gelecekte ihtiyaç duyulan mesleklerin ve becerilerin bu gelişmelere uyum sağlamak için değişmesi beklenmektedir. Bu çalışma geleceğin meslekleri ve becerilerinin demografik fırsat penceresi açık olan Türkiye’nin ekonomik kalkınma sürecinde önemini ele almaktadır. Demografik fırsat penceresi, bir ülkenin nüfus yapısındaki değişimlerin ekonomik kalkınma potansiyeline etkisini ifade eder. Genç ve dinamik nüfusuyla Türkiye’nin demografik fırsat penceresinin 2040’lı yılların başına kadar açık olması beklenmektedir. Demografik fırsat penceresi ekonomik kalkınmayı olumlu etkilese de bu etki kendiliğinden ortaya çıkmamaktadır. Politika yapıcıların ve yöneticilerin doğru politikalarla ve yönlendirmelerle beşeri sermayenin niteliğini artırması ve işgücü piyasasına kazandırması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle ülkeler, demografik fırsat penceresinden tam olarak faydalanmak için, ekonomik politikalarını ve yatırımlarını bu faktörlere odaklandırmalıdır. Bu anlamda geleceğin meslekleri ve becerileri konusunda küresel megatrendler iyi anlaşılmalı, doğru yönlendirme ve stratejilerle ekonomik kalkınma için bir beşerî sermaye birikimine dönüştürülmelidir.
Tracking X-Ray Source Movement in a Retracting Flux Tube
Authors: Unverferth John , Reep Jeffrey W.
Published: July 2023

Solar flares produce sources of localized, enhanced X-ray emission, thought to be due to the acceleration of nonthermal electrons and the transport of energy away from the reconnection site. The 2002 November 28 C1.6 limb flare showed clear X-ray source motion in the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager observations at 3–10 keV propagating from the apex of the flaring arcade, down toward the footpoints, and then rising back into the corona. Previous work attempted to model this motion using simulations driven by heating with an electron beam or thermal conduction front, finding reasonable agreement only if there were large initial densities. This work extends the previous model by considering a flux tube that retracts through a current sheet away from a magnetic reconnection site. The retraction model includes drag to slow motion in the current sheet, which allows us to vary the energy released by the retraction. This retraction causes a dense and superhot plug of material to form at the loop apex, naturally causing a thermal X-ray source to form in the corona. We find that the observed X-ray source motion, however, is most likely thermal and a signature of the evaporation fronts after initially filling the flux tube.
Warm Molecular Gas in the Central Parsecs of the Buried Nucleus of NGC 4418 Traced with the Fundamental CO Rovibrational Absorptions
Authors: Ohyama Youichi , Onishi Shusuke , Nakagawa Takao , Matsumoto Kosei , Isobe Naoki , Shirahata Mai , Baba Shunsuke , Sakamoto Kazushi
Published: July 2023

We investigated the inner buried nucleus of a nearby luminous infrared galaxy, NGC 4418, using high-resolution spectroscopy of fundamental carbon monoxide (CO) rovibrational absorptions around 4.67 μm for the first time. This method allowed us to examine the physical and kinematical properties in the hot inner region of this nucleus. We detected a series of both very deep (partly saturated) 12CO and moderately deep (optically thin) 13CO absorption lines and inferred a large column density (N
H2 = (5 ± 3) × 1023 cm−2 in front of the 5 μm photosphere) of warm (T
ex ≃ 170 K) molecular gas by assuming an isothermal plane-parallel slab illuminated by a compact background mid-infrared-emitting source. We modeled that the warm CO absorber almost covers the central heating source and that it is an inner layer around the 5 μm photosphere (at r = several parsecs) of a compact shroud of gas and dust (d ∼ 100 pc). The width of the absorption lines (110 km s−1) and their small deviation from the systemic velocity (<10 km s−1) are consistent with a warm and turbulent layer with little bulk motion in the radial direction.
The Evolution of Population III and Extremely Metal-poor Binary Stars
Authors: Tsai Sung-Han , Chen Ke-Jung , Whalen Daniel , Ou Po-Sheng , Woods Tyrone E.
Published: July 2023

Numerical simulations have now shown that Population III (Pop III) stars can form in binaries and small clusters and that these stars can be in close proximity to each other. If so, they could be subject to binary interactions such as mass exchange that could profoundly alter their evolution, ionizing UV and Lyman–Werner photon emission and explosion yields, with important consequences for early cosmological reionization and chemical enrichment. Here we investigate the evolution of Pop III and extremely metal-poor binary stars with the MESA code. We find that interactions ranging from stable mass transfer to common envelope evolution can occur in these binaries for a wide range of mass ratios and initial separations. Mass transfer can nearly double UV photon yields in some of these binaries with respect to their individual stars by extending the life of the companion star, which in turn can enhance early cosmological reionization but also suppress the formation of later generations of primordial stars. Binary interactions can also have large effects on the nucleosynthetic yields of the stars by promoting or removing them into or out of mass ranges for specific SN types. We provide fits to total photon yields for the binaries in our study for use in cosmological simulations.
Slow Solar Wind Connection Science during Solar Orbiter’s First Close Perihelion Passage
Authors: Yardley Stephanie L. , Owen Christopher J. , Long David M. , Baker Deborah , Brooks David H. , Polito Vanessa , Green Lucie M. , Matthews Sarah , Owens Mathew , Lockwood Mike , Stansby David , James Alexander W. , Valori Gherardo , Giunta Alessandra , Janvier Miho , Ngampoopun Nawin , Mihailescu Teodora , To Andy S. H. , van Driel-Gesztelyi Lidia , Démoulin Pascal , D’Amicis Raffaella , French Ryan J. , Suen Gabriel H. H. , Rouillard Alexis P. , Pinto Rui F. , Réville Victor , Watson Christopher J. , Walsh Andrew P. , De Groof Anik , Williams David R. , Zouganelis Ioannis , Müller Daniel , Berghmans David , Auchère Frédéric , Harra Louise , Schuehle Udo , Barczynski Krysztof , Buchlin Éric , Cuadrado Regina Aznar , Kraaikamp Emil , Mandal Sudip , Parenti Susanna , Peter Hardi , Rodriguez Luciano , Schwanitz Conrad , Smith Phil , Teriaca Luca , Verbeeck Cis , Zhukov Andrei N. , De Pontieu Bart , Horbury Tim , Solanki Sami K. , del Toro Iniesta Jose Carlos , Woch Joachim , Gandorfer Achim , Hirzberger Johann , Súarez David Orozco , Appourchaux Thierry , Calchetti Daniele , Sinjan Jonas , Kahil Fatima , Albert Kinga , Volkmer Reiner , Carlsson Mats , Fludra Andrzej , Hassler Don , Caldwell Martin , Fredvik Terje , Grundy Tim , Guest Steve , Haberreiter Margit , Leeks Sarah , Pelouze Gabriel , Plowman Joseph , Schmutz Werner , Sidher Sunil , Thompson William T. , Louarn Philippe , Federov Andrei
Published: July 2023

The Slow Solar Wind Connection Solar Orbiter Observing Plan (Slow Wind SOOP) was developed to utilize the extensive suite of remote-sensing and in situ instruments on board the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission to answer significant outstanding questions regarding the origin and formation of the slow solar wind. The Slow Wind SOOP was designed to link remote-sensing and in situ measurements of slow wind originating at open–closed magnetic field boundaries. The SOOP ran just prior to Solar Orbiter’s first close perihelion passage during two remote-sensing windows (RSW1 and RSW2) between 2022 March 3–6 and 2022 March 17–22, while Solar Orbiter was at respective heliocentric distances of 0.55–0.51 and 0.38–0.34 au from the Sun. Coordinated observation campaigns were also conducted by Hinode and IRIS. The magnetic connectivity tool was used, along with low-latency in situ data and full-disk remote-sensing observations, to guide the target pointing of Solar Orbiter. Solar Orbiter targeted an active region complex during RSW1, the boundary of a coronal hole, and the periphery of a decayed active region during RSW2. Postobservation analysis using the magnetic connectivity tool, along with in situ measurements from MAG and SWA/PAS, showed that slow solar wind originating from two out of three of the target regions arrived at the spacecraft with velocities between ∼210 and 600 km s−1. The Slow Wind SOOP, despite presenting many challenges, was very successful, providing a blueprint for planning future observation campaigns that rely on the magnetic connectivity of Solar Orbiter.
Ultradiffuse Galaxies (UDGs) with Hyper Suprime-Cam. I. Revised Catalog of Coma Cluster UDGs*
Authors: Bautista Jose Miguel G. , Koda Jin , Yagi Masafumi , Komiyama Yutaka , Yamanoi Hitomi
Published: July 2023

This is the first in a series of papers on the properties of ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) in clusters of galaxies. We present an updated catalog of UDGs in the Coma Cluster using g- and r-band images obtained with Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) of the Subaru telescope. We develop a method to find UDGs even in the presence of contaminating objects, such as halos and background galaxies. This study expands upon our previous works that covered about half the area of the Coma Cluster. The HSC observations covered the whole Coma Cluster up to the virial radius and beyond (an area twice as large as the previous studies) and doubled the numbers of UDGs (r
eff, r ≥ 1.5 kpc) and sub-UDGs (1.0 ≤ r
eff, r < 1.5 kpc) to 774 and 729, respectively. The new UDGs show internal properties consistent with those of previous studies (e.g., a Sérsic index of approximately 1), and are distributed across the cluster, with a concentration around the cluster center. The whole cluster coverage clearly revealed an excess of their distribution toward the east to southwest direction along the cluster center, where Coma connects to other large-scale structure, and where a known substructure exists (the NGC 4839 subgroup). The alignment of the UDG distribution along the large-scale structure around Coma supports the interpretation that most of them lie at the distance of the Coma Cluster and the NGC 4839 subgroup.
The First AGILE Solar Flare Catalog
Authors: Ursi A. , Parmiggiani N. , Messerotti M. , Pellizzoni A. , Pittori C. , Longo F. , Verrecchia F. , Argan A. , Bulgarelli A. , Tavani M. , Tempesta P. , D’Amico F.
Published: July 2023

We report the Astro-rivelatore Gamma a Immagini LEggero (AGILE) observations of solar flares, detected by the onboard anticoincidence system in the 80–200 keV energy range, from 2007 May 1 to 2022 August 31. In more than 15 yr, AGILE detected 5003 X-ray, minute-lasting transients, compatible with a solar origin. A cross-correlation of these transients with the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) official solar flare database allowed us to associate an intensity class (i.e., B, C, M, or X) to 3572 of them, for which we investigated the main temporal and intensity parameters. The AGILE data clearly revealed the solar activity covering the last stages of the 23rd cycle, the whole 24th cycle, and the beginning of the current 25th cycle. In order to compare our results with other space missions operating in the high-energy range, we also analyzed the public lists of solar flares reported by RHESSI and Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. This catalog reports 1424 events not contained in the GOES official data set, which, after statistical comparisons, are compatible with low-intensity, short-duration solar flares. Besides providing a further data set of solar flares detected in the hard X-ray range, this study allowed to point out two main features: a longer persistence of the decay phase in the high-energy regime, with respect to the soft X-rays, and a tendency of the flare maximum to be reached earlier in the soft X-rays with respect to the hard X-rays. Both these aspects support a two-phase acceleration mechanism of electrons in the solar atmosphere.
Biotopes of the intertidal zone in Clarence Island (south of the Strait of Magellan)
Authors: Aldea Cristian , Hernández Cristina , Novoa Leslie , Olivera Francisco , Haeger Christian , Bello Nadja
Published: July 2023

The characteristics of the Strait of Magellan promote the formation of unique environments, with diverse habitats and marine organisms. This fragmentation of the landscape generates diverse little-explored ecological associations, especially in the zone of sub-Antarctic islands of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. One way to address this lack of knowledge is through the biotope characterization methodology, with ecological units composed of the habitat and the communities associated with these environments, obtaining data and information on the dominant and incidental taxonomic groups. This is a good research model to conduct baseline studies in coastal benthic marine environments.

A data set in Darwin Core standard is presented of the species that make up the intertidal biotopes of Clarence Island (Tierra del Fuego Archipelago, south of the Strait of Magellan). This includes 50 identified species and the specific coordinates for each sampled location, with a total of 1400 georeferenced records. Mollusks were the most diverse taxon with 21 species, followed by algae (14 species). Sessile organisms such as the barnacles Elminius kingii and Austromegabalanus psittacus predominate in these ecosystems, followed by bivalve mollusks such as Choromytilus chorus and Mytilus chilensis, which together with Nacella magellanica and the alga Hildenbrandia sp. make up more than 50% of the total records. The inclusion of biotope patterns in this study complements the information on benthic marine flora and fauna in the intertidal zone, including new records for the coast in the Clarence Island area, which is within the boundary of the Kawésqar National Park.
Pollen metabarcoding of museum specimens and recently collected bumblebees (Bombus) indicates foraging shifts
Authors: Kolter Andreas , Husemann Martin , Podsiadlowski Lars , Gemeinholzer Birgit
Published: July 2023

Landscape changes, over time, lead to changes of floral resources available to pollinators, which in turn may result in the disappearance of ecologically specialized species. Here, we use pollen metabarcoding to infer historic and recent interactions between plants and bumblebees (Bombus). Bumblebees from Cuxhaven (Germany) were sampled from historical museum collections (1968/69) and in the field (2019). Pollen attached to their bodies was barcoded using multiple plant markers (ITS1, ITS2 and trnL-P6 loop). Our results show shifts in foraging habits between the historic and recent sampling periods, mostly determined by fewer Fabaceae interactions in 2019. The successful implementation of scalable molecular techniques for the analysis of historical pollen samples underscores the value of museum collections as a resource for biodiversity research. This study provides proof of concept of a comparative analysis of recent and historical pollination data. However, to ensure the robustness of our results, it is crucial to consider the broader methodology used. Our study found variation in the efficacy of the three plant barcoding markers. The ITS1 marker exhibited the highest species-level identification success, while the trnL-P6 loop demonstrated utility in amplifying degraded DNA across diverse plant families.
Which features at home make a plant prone to become invasive?
Authors: Galán Díaz Javier , de la Riva Enrique G. , Martín-Forés Irene , Vilà Montserrat
Published: July 2023

Determining the factors that pre-adapt plant species to successfully establish and spread outside of their native ranges constitutes a powerful approach with great potential for management. While this source-area approach accounts for the bias associated with species’ regions of origin, it has been only implemented in pools of species known to be established elsewhere. We argue that, in regions with well-known introduction histories, such as the Mediterranean Biome, the consideration of co-dominant non-introduced species as a control group allows a better understanding of the invasion process. For this purpose, we used occurrence data from GBIF and trait data from previous studies to find predictors of establishment and invasion. We compare the frequency, climatic niche and functional traits of 149 co-dominant plant species in their native region in southern Spain, considering whether they have colonised other Mediterranean-climate regions or not and their level of invasion. We found that large native ranges and diverse climatic niches were the best predictors of species establishment abroad. Moreover, coloniser species had longer bloom periods, higher growth rates and greater resource acquisition, whereas coloniser species becoming invasive had also greater reproductive height and nitrogen use efficiency. This framework has the potential to improve prediction models and management practices to prevent the harmful impacts from species in invaded communities.