bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a New Model Including Inflammation Indexes for the Long‐Term Prognosis of Hepatitis B‐Related Acute‐On‐Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Zhang Yeqiong , Luo Qiumin , Lin Xiumei , Wang Lu , Li Zhipeng , Chen Jia , Xu Ruixuan , Wu Lina , Peng Liang , Xu Wenxiong
Published: December 2024

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe condition characterized by a systemic inflammatory response and associated with high mortality. Currently, there is no reliable prediction model for long‐term prognosis in ACLF. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model incorporating inflammation indexes to predict the long‐term outcome of patients with hepatitis B virus‐related ACLF (HBV‐ACLF). A retrospective analysis of clinical data from HBV‐ACLF patients (n = 986) treated at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University between January 2014 and December 2018 was conducted. Patients were randomly divided into training (n = 690) and validation (n = 296) cohorts. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for long‐term mortality. The following variables were identified as independent predictors of long‐term mortality: age, cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy, total bilirubin (TBIL), international normalized ratio (INR), monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and neutrophil‐to‐platelet ratio (NPR). A novel nomogram was established by assigning weights to each variable. The C‐index of the nomogram was 0.777 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.752–0.802). In the training set, the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting mortality at 1, 3, and 12 months was 0.841 (95% CI: 0.807–0.875), 0.827 (95% CI: 0.796–0.859), and 0.829 (95% CI: 0.798–0.859), respectively. The nomogram demonstrated superior predictive performance for 12‐month survival compared to the model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score (0.767, 95% CI: 0.730–0.804, p < 0.001) and the clinical overt sepsis in acute liver failure clinical practice Guidelines‐ACLF II score (0.807, 95% CI: 0.774–0.840, p = 0.028). Finally, calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram. The novel inflammation‐based scoring system, incorporating MLR and NPR, effectively predicts long‐term mortality in HBV‐ACLF patients.
Transmission of an Epstein−Barr Strain Common in South‐East China to a Western Individual
Authors: Poirey Remy , Delecluse Henri‐Jacques , Delecluse Susanne
Published: December 2024

Epstein−Barr virus strains present in South‐East Asia are tightly associated with nasopharyngeal carcinomas. We report the case of a Caucasian female who presented with an infectious mononucleosis syndrome. Sequencing demonstrated that she had been infected with a virus of Chinese origin that is thus spreading into European countries.
Implications of Artificial Intelligence for Colorectal Cancer in Young Populations
Authors: Grunhut Joel , Newland John J. , Brown Rebecca Frances
Published: December 2024

A considerable amount of recent research has focused on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in colorectal cancer (CRC), aiming to improve outcomes in CRC. However, AI for young onset colorectal cancer (yoCRC)—defined as colorectal cancer in patients less than 50 years old—is not nearly as explored, and its role in the prevention, detection, and management of yoCRC remains largely unknown. To address this gap, we performed an integrative review on AI in yoCRC. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Medline (Ovid), and Embase for articles published from 2020 to 2024, adhering to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. This integrative review involved gathering information from diverse research designs and literature sources. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion criteria, a total of 11 articles were included in the review. Our analysis identified one review discussing the importance of AI in yoCRC, three articles presenting research studies mentioning applications for yoCRC, and seven comprehensive investigations utilizing AI with a specific focus on yoCRC. The findings indicate that while AI in CRC is an evolving research field, there are few plans or implementations reported on how to incorporate AI specifically in yoCRC. Potential limitations of this review include the limited number of databases searched and the scope of search queries used. Nonetheless, this review highlights the need for more targeted research on AI applications in yoCRC. Future research can build upon the foundation of AI in CRC with adjustments to account for the increasing incidence of yoCRC.
Disease and migratory tactic mediate the nutritional benefits of irrigated agriculture to mule deer
Authors: Wagler Brittany L. , Stewart Cheyenne , Turnbull Zach , Malmberg Jennifer L. , Monteith Kevin L.
Published: December 2024

Agriculture can alter the nutritional landscape for herbivores in ways that can augment nutritional condition, reproduction, and survival. Ecological benefits associated with human modified landscapes, however, potentially alter environmental cues in ways that appear beneficial but ultimately have negative effects on fitness or population growth. We tested the hypothesis that the expected nutritional benefit of agriculture would come with a tradeoff associated with increased transmission of chronic wasting disease using a partially migratory population of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in northern Wyoming, USA. Agriculture provided a substantial nutritional buffer to resident deer by augmenting nutritional condition in autumn and enhancing recruitment of offspring—a resident that spent 35% of its summer in agriculture had 1.2 percentage points more body fat in December and was 18 percentage points more likely to recruit offspring to December than a resident that spent 15% of its summer in agriculture. During winter, migrants and residents selected for home ranges closer to agriculture, but only residents selected for home ranges overlapping directly with agriculture. Proximity to agriculture in winter, however, decreased adult survival for migrants and residents (29 percentage points decreased probability of survival for every 1‐km closer to agriculture) and increased the probability of having CWD at time of death. The nutritional benefits of agriculture likely increase the viability of a resident tactic, but the benefits may be offset if the nutrition gained from using agriculture does not outweigh the risks associated with disease.
Rate Coefficients for the Cl Atom Gas‐Phase Reaction With Permethylsiloxanes (PMS): L2, L3, L4, L5, D3, D4, D5, and D6
Authors: Van Hoomissen Daniel , Chattopadhyay Aparajeo , Burkholder James B.
Published: December 2024

Rate coefficients, k(T), for the gas‐phase Cl atom reaction with hexamethyldisiloxane ((CH3)3SiOSi(CH3)3, L2), k1; octamethyltrisiloxane ([(CH3)3SiO]2Si(CH3)2, L3), k2; decamethyltetrasiloxane ((CH3)3SiO[Si(CH3)2O]2Si(CH3)3, L4, k3; dodecamethylpentasiloxane ((CH3)3SiO[Si(CH3)2O]3Si(CH3)3, L5, k4; hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane ([‐Si(CH3)2O‐]3, D3), k5; octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane ([‐Si(CH3)2O‐]4, D4), k6; decamethylcyclopentasiloxane ([‐Si(CH3)2O‐]5, D5, k7), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane ([‐Si(CH3)2O‐]6, D6, k8) were measured over a range of temperature (273–363 K) using a pulsed laser photolysis (PLP) – resonance fluorescence (RF) technique. The obtained k(296 K) and Arrhenius expressions with 2σ uncertainties including estimated systematic errors are (in units of 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1):

L2: k1(296 K) = (1.58 ± 0.07)
k1(273–363 K) = (1.36 ± 0.10) exp((43 ± 249)/T)

L3: k2(296 K) = (1.93 ± 0.09)
k2(273–353 K) = (1.95 ± 0.18) exp((1 ± 632)/T)

L4: k3(296 K) = (2.36 ± 0.12)
k3(273–353 K) = (2.09 ± 0.16) exp((43± 522)/T)

L5: k4(296 K) = (2.84 ± 0.19)
k4(296–353 K) = (2.70 ± 0.18) exp((15 ± 490)/T)

D3: k5(296 K) = (0.588 ± 0.028)
k5(273–353 K) = (0.47 ± 0.03) exp((78 ± 470)/T)

D4: k6(296 K) = (1.13 ± 0.06)
k6(273–353 K) = (1.14 ± 0.07) exp((4 ± 432)/T)

D5: k7(296 K) = (1.72 ± 0.09)
k7(273–353 K) = (1.60 ± 0.10) exp((22 ± 432)/T)

D6: k8(296 K) = (2.16 ± 0.14)
k8(296–353 K) = (1.73 ± 0.14) exp((71 ± 562)/T)

The cyclic permethyl siloxanes (cyclic PMS) were found to be less reactive than the analogous linear permethyl siloxane (linear PMS) with an equal number of CH3‐ groups. Both linear and cyclic compounds show a linear relationship between the measured rate coefficient and the number of CH3‐ groups in the molecule. A structure–activity relationship (SAR) is presented that reproduces the experimental data to within ∼10% at all temperatures. For [Cl] ≈ 104 atom cm−3, an approximate free troposphere abundance, the PMS loss due to Cl atom reaction leads to relatively short estimated lifetimes of 7, 6, 5, 4, 20, 10, 7, and 5 days for L2, L3, L4, L5, D3, D4, D5, and D6, respectively. Therefore, the PMSs included in this study are classified as atmospherically very short‐lived substances and Cl atom reaction represents a significant loss process.
Inter‐rater and Intra‐rater Reliability of Glottal Image Capture: A Mobile Application to Quantify Vocal Fold Bowing
Authors: Aboueisha Mohamed , Jaleel Zaroug , Baertsch Hans C. , Sauder Cara , Merati Albert L. , Johns Michael M. , Bhatt Neel K.
Published: December 2024

Background

Age‐related vocal atrophy (ARVA) causes vocal fold bowing, impacting communication and quality of life. The assessment of vocal fold bowing is largely subjective. Glottal Image Capture (GlottIC) is a new mobile application that helps quantify vocal fold bowing. We aim through this study to assess its reliability, compare it to manual calculation method, and compare differences between visual‐perceptual bowing severity ratings.

Methods

Ten raters independently quantified Bowing Index (BI) using GlottIC from 10 videostroboscopic images among individuals with ARVA. There was 100% duplication of images to facilitate intra‐rater reliability analyses using Pearson's correlation. Inter‐rater reliability was quantified using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for experienced and novice raters. The correlation between manual calculations using ImageJ and GlottIC was analyzed.

Results

The intra‐rater reliability for total BI was strong (r = 0.822, p < 0.001). The inter‐rater reliability for BI, calculated using ICC, was (ICC = 0.720; 95% CI: 0.579–0.852), indicating good consistency among the raters. Experts had higher ICC (ICC = 0.808; 95% CI: 0.678–0.906) compared to novice raters (ICC = 0.651; 95% CI: 0.468–0.816). There was a positive correlation between GlottIC and manual BI (r = 0.811, p < 0.001). As the BI increased, the bowing severity, based on visual‐perceptual ratings, also increased (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

GlottIC is a reliable mobile application that can quantify vocal fold bowing in patients with ARVA with high intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability. GlottIC BI measurments are highly correlated with manual BI and visual‐perceptual ratings of bowing severity. Further improvements in reliability may be achieved with more robust rater training and automated technologies.

Level of Evidence

Level 3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Deterministic Parity‐Time Symmetry Single‐Mode Oscillation in Filterless Multimode Resonators
Authors: Yang Huashan , Liu Shifeng , Liu Mingzhen , Liu Peng , Zhang Hao , He Jijun , Pan Shilong
Published: December 2024

Parity‐time symmetry has great potential for mode selection in multimode resonators. However, in a PT‐symmetry system with saturable absorption mechanisms, the random background noise can initiate single‐mode oscillation at any of the maxima within the gain spectrum, that is, potential PT frequencies. Such randomness impedes the acquisition of high‐quality signals at desired frequencies. Here, this work proposes a method to obtain deterministic PT‐symmetry single‐mode oscillation in a filterless multimode resonator through one‐shot injection. With this technique, this work changes the system's gain spectrum and enhances the gain discrepancy. Utilizing the frequency domain saturable absorption of the resonator, oscillation at desired mode can maintain its frequency after the withdrawal of the injection signal. To validate the concept, this work establishes a polarization‐division multiplexed dual‐loop optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with a 1‐km long cavity operated under PT‐symmetry conditions. By one‐shot injecting the PT‐OEO, this work effectively eliminates the randomness arising from the relatively flat gain spectrum, facilitating oscillation at any desired potential PT frequencies from 1.8 to 9 GHz without requiring elaborate frequency tuning structures. Moreover, the one‐shot injection technique produces ultra‐low phase noise performance, achieving a remarkable −158.6 dBc Hz−1@10 kHz. This performance level stands in close comparison with the best phase noise values recorded for OEOs.
Advances and Challenges of Single‐Pixel Imaging Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Song Kai , Bian Yaoxing , Wang Dong , Li Runrui , Wu Ku , Liu Hongrui , Qin Chengbing , Hu Jianyong , Xiao Liantuan
Published: December 2024

Single‐pixel imaging technology can capture images at wavelengths outside the reach of conventional focal plane array detectors. However, the limited image quality and lengthy computational times for iterative reconstruction still hinder its practical application. Recently, single‐pixel imaging based on deep learning has attracted a lot of attention due to its exceptional reconstruction quality and fast reconstruction speed. In this review, an overview of the current status, and the latest advancements of deep learning technologies in the field of single‐pixel imaging are provided. Initially, the fundamental principles of single‐pixel imaging and deep learning, followed by a discussion of their integration and associated benefits are presented. Subsequently, a comprehensive review is conducted on the advancements of deep learning in various domains of single‐pixel imaging, covering super‐resolution single‐pixel imaging, single‐pixel imaging through scattering media, photon‐level single‐pixel imaging, optical encryption based on single‐pixel imaging, color single‐pixel imaging, and image‐free sensing. Finally, open challenges and potential solutions are discussed.
Lattice‐Matched BaClF/CsPbBr3 Heterostructure with Enhanced and Stable Cyan Emission to Overcome Blue Overshoot and Cyan Gap of White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Han Le , Liu Peng , Li Bohan , Zhang Yuchi , Liu Zhuo , Liu Xia , Xu Yan
Published: December 2024

Combining blue‐emitting LED chip and yellow‐emitting phosphor coating is efficient in manufacturing white light‐emitting diode (WLED). However, the lack of a uniformly distributed continuous emission spectrum in conventional WLED can result in “blue overshoot” and “cyan gap”, thus cause retinal damage and low color rendering index (CRI). Herein, a novel “kill two birds with one stone” strategy is reported: by preparing BaClF/CsPbBr3 heterostructures via a lattice‐ matching approach, F and Cl in BaClF matrix passivate the bromine vacancies of CsPbBr3 NCs, enhancing luminescence stability and achieving a blue‐shift of PL to obtain cyan‐emission. BaClF/CsPbBr3 heterostructures with controllable emissions in 468–510 nm can be fabricated by adjusting the molar ratios of CsPbBr3 to BaClF, and the photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) is up to 80.6%. The cyan‐emitting BaClF/CsPbBr3 heterostructure acting as a cyan color converter can effectively absorb the “blue overshoot” and fill the “cyan gap” in WLED, thus significantly increasing the CRI value of WLED from 70.1 to 86.2 and the luminescent efficiency boosts from 21.3 to 87.8 lmW−1. This work highlights a lattice‐matching strategy to produce ultra‐stable cyan‐emitting perovskite nanomaterials with high brightness and durability, paving the way for the application of perovskite NCs in next‐generation WLED lighting.
Spatiotemporal Retention of Structural Color and Induced Stiffening in Crosslinked Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Beads
Authors: Phoungtawee Piangtawan , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Pettersson Torbjörn , Crespy Daniel , Svagan Anna J. , Shanker Ravi
Published: December 2024

Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is known for its ability to form cholesteric liquid crystalline phases displaying vivid structural colors. However, these vibrant colors tend to fade over time when the material dries. This issue is a major bottleneck to finding practical applications for these materials. Here this problem is overcome by producing free‐standing, millimeter‐sized HPC structurally colored beads with spatiotemporal color retention, facilitated by a glutaraldehyde crosslinker. By leveraging the well‐known chemically induced stabilization of cholesteric liquid crystalline phases, stable structural colors are achieved for at least three weeks. The presence of glutaraldehyde significantly increases the mechanical stiffness, with Young's modulus rising from 0.3± 0.1 GPa to 1.8± 0.2 GPa. This integrated approach of creating free‐standing photonic HPC beads offers a strategy for developing robust and durable photonic HPC materials with enhanced stability, advancing photonic material applications with spatiotemporal color stability.
Thermal Conductivity in Side‐Chain Liquid‐Crystal Epoxy Polymers: Influence of Mesogen Structure
Authors: Trinh Thi En , Ku Kyosun , Yeo Hyeonuk
Published: December 2024

Side‐chain liquid‐crystal epoxy polymers (SCLCEPs) are valued for their unique properties, which combine LC side chains with epoxide‐based polyether main chains for ordered molecular arrangements. They have high thermal conductivity and optical properties due to their low polydispersity and high crystallinity. Achieving optimal thermal conductivity in SCLCEPs involves addressing factors such as mesogen nature, polymer design, and alignment within the polymer structure. Balancing these factors enhances their suitability for heat dissipation in advanced materials. In this study, SCLCEPs with a polyethylene glycol backbone and laterally arranged mesogens are synthesized via anionic ring opening of mesogenic epoxides with unique LC phases. These monomers, which feature biphenyl mesogens attached to glycidyloxy ether and different alkyl chain lengths on the other side, is designed to facilitate mesogen self‐assembly and interaction. The resulting polymers exhibited higher crystallinity and LC phases than the monomers. Notably, because of their LC nature, their thermal conductivity exceeds 0.48 W·m−1 K−1 and increases with shortened alkyl chain lengths, reaching 0.57 W·m−1 K−1. This research expands the applications of SCLCEPs in advanced fields requiring enhanced thermal properties.
Expandable Microspheres Transform 2D Electrospun Mats Into 3D Composite Scaffolds
Authors: Tran Huy Quang , Xie Jingwei
Published: December 2024

Electrospun nanofibers have proven versatile across numerous fields, including environmental, energy, and biomedical applications. Typically, however, electrospun nanofiber materials are fabricated as two‐dimensional sheets, membranes, or mats. In this study, a straightforward and adaptable foaming method is presented to create three‐dimensional microsphere‐nanofiber composite structures. This approach involves incorporating expandable microspheres within the nanofiber mats during electrospinning, followed by thermal treatment to achieve the 3D morphology. The expansion ratio and compressive strength increase with higher concentrations of expandable microspheres. In addition, the compressive strength of the 3D composite structures significantly surpasses that of 3D nanofiber scaffolds expanded with subcritical CO2 fluids. This approach presents a promising pathway for fabricating 3D microsphere‐nanofiber composite scaffolds with broad potential applications.
New report reveals MH challenges facing API population
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2024

Despite significant contributions to the economy and society, Asian and Pacific Island (API) individuals often face unique challenges related to mental health and well‐being, stated a new report that found that APIs reported their mental health was worse than American's mental health as a whole.
Age and growth of American Eel in lower St. Johns River in northeast Florida
Authors: Bonvechio Kimberly , Harrison Susanna , Phillips Trevor , Zokan Marcus , Taliercio Michelle , Bottom Brittany
Published: December 2024

Objective

Little is known about American Eel Anguilla rostrata populations across much of the species' large geographic range. This study aimed to collect important information on the life history and population biology of American Eel in a northeast Florida river.

Methods

During two 12-week periods, from August to November 2021 and September to December 2022, American Eel were collected from a ~90-km stretch of the lower St. Johns River via boat electrofishing. Data on length, weight, age, Anguillicoloides crassus parasite infection, and swim bladder condition were recorded for American Eel collected in both years, and additional data on sex, sexual maturity, and fin and eye morphology were recorded for American Eel collected in 2022.

Result

Overall, biologists spent more than 63.5 h of effort over 42 sampling days to collect 297 American Eel, ranging in size from 150 to 705 mm total length (TL) with a continental age ranging from 0 to 8 years. American Eel catches were low and varied by section of river and over time; however, no differences in the length–weight relationship or size structure were observed between river sections. Adult parasites were observed in swim bladders of 36% of American Eel, and 57% of eel exhibited some level of swim bladder damage. Although length–weight relationships were similar regardless of swim bladder condition, relative swim bladder length was lower for fish with severe damage. Histological examination of gonads from 160 American Eel in 2022 revealed that the male : female sex ratio was 0.9:1 and nearly all eel were sexually immature. The majority of fish were 2–4 years of age; average growth was modeled with a von Bertalanffy curve for American Eel aged 1–8: TL = 740 × [1 – e−0.12(age + 1.98)].

Conclusion

Given the paucity of information about American Eel in this region, the data provided in this study will be critical to informing future decisions on the management of the American Eel stock.
Stochastic Vehicle Routing With Delivery Choice
Authors: Venkateshan Prahalad , Mathur Kamlesh
Published: December 2024

We consider the problem of designing delivery routes for vehicles where the vendor has the choice of how much of the demand from a customer to fulfill. The customer demand is known a priori only as a probability distribution. Exact customer demand is known only after visiting the customer. Different customers are able to negotiate different prices for each unit of product with the vendor. Given a route, the objective is to decide at each customer location, how much demand to satisfy so as to maximize expected profit taking into account a linear penalty cost for unfulfilled demand and the vehicle routing costs. In this article, we develop several new structural results for this problem. We illustrate how these structural results can be embedded in different heuristic frameworks commonly used for deterministic vehicle routing problems. This helps develop efficient routes for a single vehicle as well as a multiple vehicle scenario for this stochastic variant. For small‐sized problems that allow for exhaustive enumeration, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the illustrated heuristic. For larger problem instances, based on structural results, we develop methods that allow the heuristic to run more efficiently than otherwise. Results are reported on instances based on benchmark instances drawn from literature for upward of 100 customers and vehicle capacity up to 600 units. Computational times needed to heuristically solve such problems are within 1 100 s.
The Relationship Between Effort–Reward Imbalance and Learning Engagement: The Chain‐Mediating Role of Academic Self‐Concept and Academic Burnout
Authors: Jin Guichun , Wang Qiangqiang , Lei Jie , Chen Yu , Liu Shengmin
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between effort–reward imbalance and learning engagement and the chain mediating role of academic self‐concept and burnout in this relationship. A total of 1030 adolescent students were assessed via the Effort–Reward Imbalance for Learning Scale, the General Academic Self Scale for Adolescents, the Adolescent Learning Burnout Scale, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale‐Student. (1) Effort–reward imbalance, learning engagement, academic self‐concept, and academic burnout were significantly correlated. (2) Although the direct effect of effort–reward imbalance on learning engagement was not significant, the chain mediating role of academic self‐concept and academic burnout in the relationship between effort–reward imbalance and learning engagement was significant. Effort–reward imbalance predicts learning engagement via the chain mediating role of academic self‐concept and burnout. Teachers and parents should pay attention to the potential impact of students' negative academic self‐concept and burnout induced by the effort‐reward imbalance on learning engagement.
Conserved and Unique Mitochondrial Target Sequence of TRPV4 Can Independently Regulate Mitochondrial Functions
Authors: Acharya Tusar Kanta , Mahapatra Parnasree , Kumar Shamit , Dubey Nishant Kumar , Rajalaxmi Srujanika , Ghosh Arijit , Kumar Ashutosh , Goswami Chandan
Published: December 2024

Though mitochondria have their own genome and protein synthesis machineries, the majority of the mitochondrial proteins are actually encoded by the nuclear genome. Most of these mitochondrial proteins are imported into specific compartments of the mitochondria due to their mitochondrial target sequence (MTS). Unlike the nuclear target sequence, the MTS of most of the mitochondrial localized proteins remain poorly understood, mainly due to their variability, heterogeneity, unconventional modes of action, mitochondrial potential‐dependent transport, and other complexities. Recently, we reported that transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 4 (TRPV4), a thermosensitive cation channel, is physically located at the mitochondria. Here we characterize a small segment (AA 592‐630) located at the TM4‐loop4‐TM5 segment of TRPV4 that acts as a novel MTS. The same region remains highly conserved in all vertebrates and contains a large number of point mutations each of which causes an diverse spectrum of diseases in human. Using confocal and super‐resolution microscopy, we show that this MTS of TRPV4 or its mutants localizes to the mitochondria independently and also induces functional and quantitative changes in the mitochondria. By using conformal microscopy, we could detect the presence of the MTS region within the isolated mitochondria. These findings may be important to understand the complexity of MTS and TRPV4‐induced channelopathies better.
Alloying Ga2O3 with Fe2O3 on Corundum‐Structured rh‐ITO by Mist CVD and Its Demonstration of Photodetector and Photoelectrode Applications
Authors: Kondo Ryo , Shimazoe Kazuki , Nishinaka Hiroyuki
Published: December 2024

Corundum‐structured α‐Ga2O3 is an ultrawide bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap of 5.3 eV and is actively investigated for applications in power electronics and optoelectronic devices. This study explores bandgap engineering of α‐Ga2O3 to broaden its application field. By alloying α‐Fe2O3, which has the same corundum structure as α‐Ga2O3, the bandgap can be tuned from 2.2 to 5.3 eV. This allows α‐Ga2O3 to be used as a visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst by narrowing its bandgap. Herein, (Ga, Fe)2O3 alloy thin films are grown on corundum‐structured indium tin oxide (rh‐ITO) electrodes for photocatalytic applications. X‐ray diffraction 2θ–ω measurements reveal that corundum‐structured α‐(Ga, Fe)2O3 thin films are grown on rh‐ITO electrodes with up to ≈20% Ga composition. At higher Ga compositions, orthorhombic ε‐GaFeO3 and amorphous Ga2O3 are observed on the rh‐ITO electrode. Photoresponsivity measurements using a photodetector structure confirm that the thin films exhibit visible light sensitivity upon alloying Fe2O3 with Ga2O3. Linear sweep voltammetry measurements indicate that the α‐(Ga, Fe)2O3 thin film grown on rh‐ITO can serve as a visible light‐driven photoelectrode. The findings contribute to the bandgap engineering of α‐Ga2O3 and its application in photocatalysis.
Side‐Gate Modulation of Supercurrent in InSb Nanoflag‐Based Josephson Junctions
Authors: Turini Bianca , Salimian Sedighe , Carrega Matteo , Paolucci Federico , Zannier Valentina , Sorba Lucia , Heun Stefan
Published: December 2024

InSb nanoflags, due to their intrinsic spin–orbit interactions, are an interesting platform in the study of planar Josephson junctions. Ballistic transport, combined with high transparency of the superconductor/semiconductor interfaces, is reported to lead to interesting phenomena such as the Josephson diode effect. The versatility offered by the planar geometry can be exploited to manipulate both carrier concentration and spin–orbit strength by electrical means. Herein, experimental results on InSb nanoflag‐based Josephson junctions fabricated with side gates placed in close proximity to the junction are presented. It is shown that side gates can efficiently modulate the current through the junction, both in the dissipative and in dissipation‐less regimes, similar to what is obtained with a conventional back gate. Furthermore, the side gates can be used to influence the Fraunhofer interference pattern induced by the presence of an external out‐of‐plane magnetic field.
Integrated Microbiome and Metabolomic to Explore the Mechanism of Coptisine in Alleviating Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Wu Wenbin , Sun Yanling , Niu Shengqi , Li Xing , Chen Lisheng , Xie Shuying , Chang Lei , Wei Shizhang , Jing Manyi , Li Haotian , Zhao Yanling
Published: December 2024

Coptisine (COP), a naturally occurring alkaloid, is known for its diverse pharmacological effects and its supportive role in intestinal health. Despite this, the detailed mechanisms behind its therapeutic benefits are not yet fully understood. The objective of this study is to investigate the therapeutic potential of COP for the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and to delineate the critical pathways by which it exerts its therapeutic effects. To assess COP's therapeutic effectiveness, mice were administered COP and monitored for clinical symptoms, activity, and disease activity index (DAI) changes. Intestinal histopathology, mucosal barrier function, and gut microbiota structure were evaluated, along with metabolic profiling, focusing on Prenol lipids in the colon to identify COP‐induced metabolic shifts. Mice treated with COP exhibited significant relief from diarrhea and bleeding, along with increased activity and a marked reduction in DAI scores. Histopathological evaluation revealed a reduction in intestinal inflammation, and the intestinal mucosal barrier function was notably enhanced. The gut microbiota composition in COP‐treated mice showed improvements. Additionally, the levels of Prenol lipids in the colon were elevated by COP treatment, which is crucial for the recovery of intestinal function. Our study demonstrates that COP effectively ameliorates colitis symptoms by modulating colon Prenol lipids metabolism, particularly under the influence of key bacterial species. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the therapeutic mechanisms of COP in the treatment of UC.
Sandponics: A Sustainable Agriculture Solution for Food Security and Resource Efficiency in Arid Regions
Authors: Nair Chythra Somanathan , Alsudain Meera Bakheet Hamad , Manoharan Ramya , Nishanth Drishya , Subramanian Radhakrishnan , Manga Anicet , Jaleel Abdul
Published: December 2024

Agriculture in arid regions encounters significant challenges, including water scarcity, poor soil quality and low crop yields. Sandponics, also known as the Integrated Aqua Vegeculture System (IAVS), presents a promising solution by utilizing sand as a sustainable, water‐efficient medium for food production. This review explores the potential of sandponics as a scalable, eco‐friendly agricultural practices in arid regions. Sand, being abundant, recyclable and cost‐effective, offers a viable alternative to conventional growth media, making sandponics a practical and resource‐efficient option. The method has demonstrated success in enhancing crop productivity, particularly, in saline environments, while minimizing environmental impact. Sandponics supports food security and land use optimization by transforming challenging conditions into productive agricultural landscapes. Future research should focus on refining sand selection, optimizing nutrient and environmental conditions, managing microbial interactions and scaling up sandponics for broader application, thus advancing their role in sustainable agriculture.
The Impact of Voluntary Environmental Standards on Domestic and Foreign Sales Growth: Evidence From Pakistan
Authors: Bukhari Azaz Ali Ather , Bukhari Waqar Ali Ather , Hayat Naveed , Troise Ciro , Bresciani Stefano
Published: December 2024

In the current business environment, voluntary environmental standards (VES), including environmental management standards (EMS) and eco‐labeling schemes, have become important organizational tools to increase firms' market competitiveness and sustainability. This study provides novel insights by empirically examining the effects of EMS (ISO 14001) and eco‐label certifications on domestic and foreign sales growth, specifically in the context of Pakistani firms. The study utilized data from 245 listed firms from 2009 to 2023 to accomplish this objective. The study applied panel econometric regression analysis to estimate the results empirically. The results showed a positive impact of VES on firms' domestic and foreign sales growth. In particular, manufacturing firms that comply with ISO 14001 standards and textile firms with eco‐label certification have exceptionally high domestic and foreign sales growth. The study's outcomes indicate that adopting VES can serve as a valuable strategy for enhancing firms' market competitiveness and expanding their sales in both domestic and international markets. The result suggests that VES enhances market competitiveness and offers a pathway for sustainable growth strategies, specifically in developing economies like Pakistan. Notably, by promoting VES, policymakers can support firms in improving their international market presence and contributing to broader sustainable development goals.
Aqueous Extract of Sapindus mukorossi Fruit Pericarp‐Mediated One‐Pot Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐3,4′‐pyran]‐2‐one Derivatives
Authors: Saikia Nilakhy , Devi Jutika , Deka Dibakar Chandra
Published: December 2024

Natural surfactants are biodegradable and therefore environmentally benign. To avoid the detrimental effects of synthetic surfactants on the environment, it is highly desirable to replace them with natural surfactants as alternatives. In this context, we are reporting herein the use of saponins derived from Indian soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi) fruit pericarp as a natural surfactant for the synthesis of spiro[indoline‐3,4′‐pyran]‐2‐one derivatives through one‐pot three‐component reaction of isatins, malononitrile, and cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds. Wide substrate scope has been established with the synthesis of as many as 18 compounds in yields ranging from 72% to 94%.
Local Hydrogen Concentration and Distribution in Pd Nanoparticles: An In Situ STEM‐EELS Approach
Authors: Korneychuk Svetlana , Wagner Stefan , Rohleder Darius , Vana Philipp , Pundt Astrid
Published: December 2024

Local detection of hydrogen concentration in metals is of central importance for many areas of hydrogen technology, such as hydrogen storage, detection, catalysis, and hydrogen embrittlement. A novel approach to measure the hydrogen concentration in a model system consisting of cubic palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs), with a lateral resolution down to 4 nm is demonstrated. By measuring the shift of the Pd bulk plasmon peak with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with energy electron loss spectroscopy (EELS) during in situ hydrogen gas loading and unloading, local detection of the hydrogen concentration is achieved in TEM. With this method, concentration changes inside the NPs at various stages of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation are observed with nanometer resolution. The versatility of in situ TEM allows to link together microstructure, hydrogen concentration, and local strain, opening up a new chapter in hydrogen research.
Non‐Aqueous Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Multivariate C2‐Products Over Single Atom Catalyst at Current Density up to 100 mA cm−2
Authors: Bhawnani Rajan R. , Sartape Rohan , Gande Vamsi V , Barsoum Michael L. , Kallon Elias M. , Reis Roberto dos , Dravid Vinayak P. , Singh Meenesh R.
Published: December 2024

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2‐RR) in non‐aqueous electrolytes offers significant advantages over aqueous systems, as it boosts CO2 solubility and limits the formation of HCO3− and CO32− anions. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in non‐aqueous CO2‐RR makes an attractive system for CO2 capture and conversion. However, the predominantly organic composition of MOFs limits their electrical conductivity and stability in electrocatalysis, where they suffer from electrolytic decomposition. In this work, electrically conductive and stable Zirconium (Zr)‐based porphyrin MOF, specifically PCN‐222, metalated with a single‐atom Cu has been explored, which serves as an efficient single‐atom catalyst (SAC) for CO2‐RR. PCN‐ 222(Cu) demonstrates a substantial enhancement in redox activity due to the synergistic effect of the Zr matrix and the single‐atom Cu site, facilitating complete reduction of C2 species under non‐aqueous electrolytic conditions. The current densities achieved (≈100 mA cm−2) are 4–5 times higher than previously reported values for MOFs, with a faradaic efficiency of up to 40% for acetate production, along with other multivariate C2 products, which have never been achieved previously in non‐aqueous systems. Characterization using X‐ray and various spectroscopic techniques, reveals critical insights into the role of the Zr matrix and Cu sites in CO2 reduction, benchmarking PCN‐222(Cu) for MOF‐based SAC electrocatalysis.
Electrospun Nanofiber Supported Nano/Mesoscale Covalent Organic Frameworks Boost Iodine Sorption
Authors: Chowdhury Sumanta , Hasnat Abul , Rathi Preeti , Kumar Manish , Saha Santanu , Randhawa Jaspreet Kaur , Siril Prem Felix
Published: December 2024

Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are benchmark materials for iodine sorption, but their use has largely been confined to crystalline bulk forms. In this state, COFs face diffusion limitations leading to slow sorption kinetics. To address this, a series of [2 + 3] imine‐linked COFs with varying particle sizes and morphologies (mesospheres, nanoflowers, and bulk) is synthesized. Reducing particle size (from 826 ± 48 to 412 ± 22 nm) and adding surface protrusions in COF mesospheres improved iodine adsorption capacity (7.6 to 8.5 g g⁻¹), kinetics (K80%, 0.61 to 0.76 g g⁻¹ h⁻¹), and chemisorption efficiency. Notably, solvothermally synthesized (120 °C, 5 d) crystalline bulk COF with accessible porous surfaces exhibited faster kinetics (K80%, 1.13 g g⁻¹ h⁻¹) than nano/mesoCOFs.This implies nano‐ and mesoCOFs exhibit surface aggregation that passivates their external binding sites and hinders iodine diffusion and mass transfer. To prevent this, morphologically controlled COF particles are immobilized onto electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membranes via in situ growth strategy, creating a hierarchical structure that improved iodine diffusion pathways. This modification increased iodine sorption kinetics by 98%–153% and strengthened the charge‐transfer process compared to COF powders.
Ferroelectric Domains Engineering in 2D Van Der Waals Ferroelectric α‑In2Se3 Via Flexoelectric Effect
Authors: He Qinming , Jiang Bin , Ma Jiayu , Chen Weijin , Luo Xin , Zheng Yue
Published: December 2024

2D) Van der Waals ferroelectrics offer the opportunity for developing novel nanoelectronics devices. For device applications, it is necessary to generate controllable ferroelectric polarization domains and achieve non‐destructive polarization switching. However, it is very challenging to use the electric field to manipulate the domain state of ultra‐thin ferroelectric film due to the large leakage current and even electric breakdown. Here, the flexoelectric effect on the manipulation of polarization states at bending α‐In2Se3 flakes is explored via piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). By introducing patterned Si trench substrates, the stripe micron‐scale ferroelectric domains with alternating arrangements of the out of‐plane polarization in the curved α‐In2Se3 are observed. It is found that the polarization at the bending region of α‐In2Se3 can be directly reversed by the large flexoelectric field. The controllable mechanical modulation of α‐In2Se3 ferroelectric domains opens up potential applications of ferroelectrics in strain engineering functional devices.
Influence of Material Composition and Wafer Thickness on the Performances of Electron Irradiated Gallium‐Doped Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Guillot Océane , Cariou Romain , Veirman Jordi , Enjalbert Nicolas , Danel Adrien , Aicardi Corinne , Dubois Sébastien
Published: December 2024

Past studies have underlined the importance of silicon material composition for optimum space solar cells performances. However, the maturity and performances of silicon cells have evolved over the last decades. Due to the increasing space photovoltaic power demand, it becomes crucial to assess modern silicon radiation hardness. Herein, the influence of material composition (resistivity and interstitial oxygen, gallium, and thermal donor concentrations) of modern gallium‐doped silicon wafers on their electronic properties after electron irradiation is investigated. Results demonstrate stable majority carrier concentrations and mobilities within the doping ranges and fluences investigated. Regarding the post‐irradiation carrier recombinations, the higher the resistivity the higher the carrier lifetime is at low injection level. Similarly, the electron diffusion length is six times higher for the 60 Ω.cm samples compared to the 0.9 Ω.cm ones. The Shockley–Read–Hall recombination signature of a vacancy‐related defect (reported in boron‐doped silicon) reproduces well this trend. Then, complete heterojunction solar cells are processed from these materials. While highest resistivity samples feature better carrier lifetimes after irradiation, the best conversion efficiencies are obtained for intermediate resistivity samples (15 Ω.cm). It is shown that it is essentially due to the positive effect of higher majority carrier concentration on the open‐circuit voltage.
Implementing the Link‐Cut Tree
Authors: Russo Luís M. S.
Published: December 2024

We consider the challenge of implementing the link‐cut tree data structure. This data structure is well known and has had a wide impact on several theoretical results. However, there is a gap in mixed practical applications. We have recently used this data structure to generate uniform spanning trees and to compute a feedback vertex set. In this kind of application, the theoretical performance of the data structure is relevant but only when verified in practice. We thus present two implementations. One implementation is based on pointers and obtains good experimental performance for small problems. The other implementation is based on splay trees and provides amortized worst‐case guarantees. We use a simple API that allows us to explain the expected functionality. Moreover, it is designed to extract full functionality from the data structure while at the same time being as simple and compact as possible, in particular, it provides support for the cycle processing required by our applications. We give an experimental evaluation of both implementations. For completeness, we also review the theoretical analysis of this structure and obtain entropy and static finger bounds.
False scorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Lower Cretaceous Spanish amber
Authors: Sánchez‐García Alba , Palencia Lorena , Delclòs Xavier , Peñalver Enrique
Published: December 2024

Pseudoscorpions, one of the earliest terrestrial lineages dating back to the Middle Devonian period (c. 385 Ma), have a limited fossil record mainly as inclusions in amber. The available fossils are mostly from the Cenozoic era, making it challenging to comprehensively understand their evolutionary history and diversification over time. Here, we report the first fossils of the order from Spanish Lower Cretaceous (upper Albian) ambers. Two new genera and species in the family Garypinidae are described from Álava amber (Peñacerrada II outcrop, Álava Province): Cretogarypinus zaragozai gen. et sp. nov. and Ithioreolpium alavensis gen. et sp. nov. Remarkably, the holotype of Cretogarypinus zaragozai shows preservation of internal soft tissues. The variability observed in the arolium of both fossil garypinids serves as compelling evidence for the hypothesis of diphyletism within the clade, which was already well established before the Early Cretaceous. Additionally, an incomplete specimen consisting of an isolated palp ascribed to the family Pseudogarypidae (extant genus Pseudogarypus Ellingsen), is described from San Just amber (Teruel Province). These findings represent the earliest occurrences of the families Garypinidae (superfamily Garypinoidea) and Pseudogarypidae (superfamily Feaelloidea) in the fossil record. They not only contribute to our understanding of a diverse pseudoscorpion fauna in Spanish amber but also offer valuable insights into divergence time estimations for pseudoscorpion families and potentially for biogeographic studies.
Sustained collaborative inquiry with teachers of multilingual learners
Authors: Coulter Cathy , Richardson Lisa K.
Published: December 2024

Sociocultural theories and Indigenous epistemologies inform approaches to teaching and learning with K‐12 multilingual learners and Indigenous students in the United States, and center instruction in the cultural and linguistic identities of children and their communities. Teacher preparation programs often incorporate readings and opportunities for dialogue around these sociocultural concepts, theories, and instructional approaches. However, without opportunities for implementation, it is difficult to know how fully these practices are taken up in classrooms. Challenges to bridging theory into practice include teacher autonomy, agency, and opportunities for practice. With decades of research that support the use of teacher inquiry in general, and collaborative and sustained inquiry in particular, a gap in research remains around what happens when sustained collaborative inquiry is used with teachers of multilingual learners (MLLs) in unique contexts. Using a multi‐case study methodology, this study examines what happens when in‐service teachers of multilingual learners, including Alaska Native students, practice and reflect on asset‐based instructional practices within sustained cycles of collaborative inquiry. Findings indicate that sustained collaborative inquiry within learning communities with relational trust can create spaces for teachers to take up asset‐based practices, grow in agency, and bridge the theory and practice divide.
Management of conformational entropion in a Limousin bull
Authors: Smith James , Rhodes Mike
Published: December 2024

An 18‐month‐old Limousin bull presented for assessment of chronic but deteriorating bilateral epiphora and blepharospasm. Halter restraint had been observed to result in exacerbation of clinical signs, which had first been recognised within the show ring. Examination in first opinion practice had failed to identify an underlying aetiology. Following referral, ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral lower entropion and trichiasis. Entropion is extensively reported in companion animal species, but little information regarding entropion in cattle, and its management, exist. A lateralised Celsus–Hotz procedure completed under regional anaesthesia and standing sedation was successful in resolving clinical signs. At 24 months post procedure, clinical signs had not recurred.