bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Peer Recognition by Economists
Authors: Card David , DellaVigna Stefano , Funk Patricia , Iriberri Nagore
Published: October 2022

We study the selection of Fellows of the Econometric Society, using a new data set of publications and citations for over 40,000 actively publishing economists since the early 1900s. Conditional on achievement, we document a large negative gap in the probability that women were selected as Fellows in the 1933–1979 period. This gap became positive (though not statistically significant) from 1980 to 2010, and in the past decade has become large and highly significant, with over a 100% increase in the probability of selection for female authors relative to males with similar publications and citations. The positive boost affects highly qualified female candidates (in the top 10% of authors) with no effect for the bottom 90%. Using nomination data for the past 30 years, we find a key proximate role for the Society's Nominating Committee in this shift. Since 2012, the Committee has had an explicit mandate to nominate highly qualified women, and its nominees enjoy above‐average election success (controlling for achievement). Looking beyond gender, we document similar shifts in the premium for geographic diversity: in the mid‐2000s, both the Fellows and the Nominating Committee became significantly more likely to nominate and elect candidates from outside the United States. Finally, we examine gender gaps in several other major awards for U.S. economists. We show that the gaps in the probability of selection of new fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences closely parallel those of the Econometric Society, with historically negative
penalties for women turning to positive
premiums in recent years.
The Effect of Industrial Automation and Artificial Intelligence on Supply Chains With the Onset of COVID-19
Authors: Saxena Aditya , Chauhan Devansh , Sharma Shilpi
Published: October 2022

This chapter discusses the various impacts of industrial automation and artificial intelligence in supply chains with the onset of COVID-19. The term industrial automation is influenced by rapid globalization and the various industrial revolutions that have caused the dire need for automation of industrial tasks to reduce human efforts. The chapter dives into the multiple fields affected by COVID-19 and how automation was used to deal with the situation, stabilize the supply chains, and maintain the profitability of organizations. Digital globalisation has led to the development of global supply chains. The use of technologies and cognitive automation and its effects have been discussed in the chapter. Machine learning has been used to get insight into the factors that affect supply chains and help their functioning.
Developing Student Self-Efficacy Through Academic Coaching
Authors: Dattathreya Priyadarshini
Published: October 2022

Academic self-efficacy has been identified as a predictor of success among students. Students' beliefs in their own ability to succeed academically can influence their levels of perseverance and effort. However, self-efficacy levels are impacted by prior knowledge, lived experiences, and social support systems. Students from diverse cultural backgrounds might display varying levels of self-efficacy leading to performance differences, high attrition, and low retention. Supporting the academic success of diverse students can be achieved by empowering them to identify their strengths and areas of improvement and setting appropriate learning goals. Academic coaching is a powerful student-centered approach to foster critical self-reflection, goal orientation, and autonomy. This chapter will outline the benefits of academic coaching and provide strategies to help students maximize their potential.
Recent Trends in Nanomaterials
Authors: S. Kannadhasan , R. Nagarajan , Venusamy Kanagaraj
Published: October 2022

Nanoscience is the analysis of phenomena and material modification at the chemical, cellular, and macromolecular scales, where properties vary greatly from those at larger scales. Nanotechnologies are the regulation of form and size at the nanometer scale in the design, characterization, processing, and deployment of materials, components, and systems. The development of efficient methods for the synthesis of nanomaterials in a variety of sizes and chemical compositions is a hot topic in nanotechnology research. There have been many changes and modifications to the methods for producing metal nanoparticles that provide greater control over the scale, form, and other characteristics of the nanoparticles. These advancements have enabled researchers to investigate quantum confinement as well as other properties that are affected by scale, form, and composition.
Global Trade and Economic Crisis
Authors: Gupta Tanushree , Sharma Disha , Maiti Susobhan
Published: October 2022

Governments and corporations with the obstinacy to operate on a global scale can engage in international trade. Even today's global economy relies on the interdependence between nations. The South Asian region's connectivity can only be improved by enhancing intra-regional commerce. The present study is based on the global trade and economic crisis from the perspective of SAARC nations. In the current study, an effort has been made to examine the export, import, economic growth, and links between global trades for SAARC nations from 1990 to 2021. The analysis's findings suggest that the GDP, imports, and exports are growing in a cyclical pattern. The Granger causality result suggests that there are unidirectional and bidirectional causal relationships between world trade and country GDP development as well as within nations in the case of GDP growth. Therefore, the authors draw the conclusion that the key cause of the economic crisis in SAARC nations is global trade.
COVID-19's Effect on Global Trade in the Post-Pandemic Period
Authors: Özsoy Özlem , Gürler Metin
Published: October 2022

By the end of May 2022 according to the data, the number of cases increased to 530 million, the number of virus-related deaths increased to 6.3 million, and the CFR decreased to 1.18 with the increase in vaccination. The full vaccination rate increased to 60% at the end of May. It should not be overlooked that vaccination is 18% in Africa and 11.8% in low-income countries. The global output GDP will be 99.4 trillion dollars in 2022 and 147 trillion dollars in 2035. It is also clearly seen that China will surpass the USA in national income at current prices in 2028. It is estimated that global imports will reach 23.5 trillion dollars in 2022 and 36.6 trillion dollars in 2035. It is expected that the chemicals and chemical products industry will be at the top with imports of 6.1 trillion dollars in 2022 and 9.5 trillion dollars in 2035 and is accounted for 25.3% of global imports in 2021. It is estimated that this rate will increase to 28.8% in 2035. Hong Kong is at the top with the Trade Openness Index value of 4.06 in 2022 and 4.5 in 2035.
How well do we know about common medications? The paracetamol alarm!
Authors: Goonesinghe Satish K. , Waidyarathne Eisha I.
Published: October 2022

No abstract available
Bacteraemia by a unique non-fermenter; Shewanella algae
Authors: Wijeweera K. D. D. S. , Piyasiri D. L. B. , Samarawickrama T. K. S. , Galhenage M. N. , Thewarapperuma C. N.
Published: October 2022

No abstract available
Ectopic pregnancy following intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (ICSI-ET)
Authors: Raguraman Sivalingarajah , Muhunthan Kopalasundaram
Published: October 2022

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is defined as a pregnancy implanted outside of the endometrial cavity and one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality during the first trimester. There are several risk factors of ectopic pregnancy have been described especially following ART. However, prevalence of ectopic pregnancy is varied and slightly higher in pregnancies following ART. Several mechanisms have been described of EP following ART. Serial serum beta hCG and pelvic sonographic screening facilitates early diagnosis and avoid the delay to initiate treatment for EP in ART patients. No particular treatment modality is shown to be superior in EP. In this case, we reported two cases of ectopic tubal pregnancy following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)-Embryo Transfer (ET) which were successfully managed without complications by laparoscopic salpingectomy our own practice we present a management approach for future pregnancies with particular focus on fetal surveillance.
Post COVID-19 sequelae of the respiratory system. A single center experience reporting the compromise of the airway, alveolar and vascular components
Authors: Iqbal Nousheen , Khanum Iffat , Kazi Muhammad Ali Ibrahim , Riaz Syeda Urooj , Khawaja Uzzam Ahmed , Awan Safia , Irfan Muhammad , Zubairi Ali Bin Sarwar , Khan Javaid Ahmed
Published: October 2022

The long-term sequelae of COVID-19 have now become more common and appreciable. The SARS-CoV-2 virus can cause a variety of infectious and non-infectious pulmonary complications. The purpose of this study is to raise awareness about post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae, both infectious and non-infectious, in this geographical area. A retrospective study was conducted from July 1st 2020 to December 20th 2020. A total of 1200 patients were evaluated, with 83 suffering from post-COVID-19 pulmonary complications. The patients' mean age was 62 years (IQR 55-69), with 63 (75.9%) being male. The most common co-morbid illnesses were hypertension (49, 59%) and diabetes (45, 54.2%). The majority of them (37, 44.6%) had severe COVID-19, followed by critical COVID-19 (33, 39.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in recurrence of respiratory symptoms or duration of current illness between non-severe, severe, and critical COVID-19 patients. Non-infectious complications were observed in the majority of patients (n=76, 91.5%), including organizing pneumonia/ground glass opacities in 71 (88%) patients, fibrosis in 44 (55%), pulmonary embolism in 10 (12.5%), pneumomediastinum in 6 (7.4%) and pneumothorax in 7 (8.6%). Infective complications (25, 30.1%) included aspergillus infection in 10 (12.0%) and bacterial infection in 5 (8.47%), with more gram-negative infections and one patient developing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Post COVID-19 mortality was 11 (13.3%). The long-term pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 are not rare. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, ground glass opacities, and fibrosis were common post-COVID-19 sequelae in our patients. This necessitates frequent close monitoring of these patients in order to initiate early appropriate management and prevent further morbidity and eventual mortality.
Comparison of suprainguinal approach with infrainguinal approach of fascia iliaca compartment block for postoperative analgesia
Authors: Bansal Kamya , Sharma Namrata , Singh Mirley R. , Sharma Anubhav , Roy Rajat , Sethi Sunanda
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims:

Fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) is increasingly being used for anaesthesia and analgesia of the hip, knee and thigh. It can be administered via two ultrasound-guided approaches, suprainguinal and infrainguinal. This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of the suprainguinal approach of FICB with infrainguinal approach of FICB in patients undergoing above knee orthopaedic surgeries.

Methods:

In this single-centre, double-blinded randomised trial, 32 patients undergoing above knee lower limb orthopaedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia were randomised into group I (infrainguinal FICB) and S (suprainguinal FICB). They were given ultrasound-guided FICB with 30 mL 0.2% ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia using the respective approaches. Injection tramadol was administered as a rescue analgesic when Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) ≥4. A blinded observer recorded pain score (NRS) from the initiation of the block every 2 h for 24 h. Time to first rescue analgesia, total duration of analgesia and analgesic consumption, and patient satisfaction score were noted.

Results:

The mean pain scores were comparable between the two groups at all time intervals till 24 h except at 12 h and 20 h, when pain intensity was significantly less in group S than in group I. Total tramadol consumption was also significantly less in group S. There was no significant difference in time to first rescue analgesia and total duration of analgesia between the two groups. At 24 h, the patient satisfaction score was significantly better in group S.

Conclusion:

Suprainguinal FICB has superior analgesic efficacy over infrainguinal FICB in terms of reduced pain intensity, reduced 24-h tramadol consumption and better patient satisfaction.
Evaluation of quality of abstracts of randomized controlled trials on procedural sedation in children after publication of CONSORT guidelines for abstracts: A systematic review
Authors: Bothra Meenakshi , Motiani Poonam , Ahmad Zainab
Published: October 2022

The extension of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement provides guidelines for abstracts of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This study was done to assess the reporting quality of abstracts of RCTs, on procedural sedation in children and identify factors associated with better quality. A PubMed search was conducted from inception of database till July 2017 to identify RCTs on procedural sedation in children. Search terms used were (procedural [All Fields] AND sedation [All Fields]) AND (“child” [MeSH Terms] OR “child” [All Fields] OR “children” [All Fields]) were included in the analysis, while primary RCTs, published in the English language unstructured abstracts, secondary analysis of primary RCTs and studies not exclusively on children we excluded. Our search strategy initially yielded 582 abstracts. Out of these, 535 abstracts were excluded. 47 articles were included in the final analysis. We extracted basic information and data on CONSORT items from abstracts. Each abstract was assessed using a 16-item composite abstract score (CAS) based on the CONSORT guidelines. This abstract quality was further explored by Method Score and by Result Score. Regression analysis was conducted to analyze factors associated with reporting quality. In majority of the abstracts, only objectives and conclusion were adequately reported. Inadequately reported items in >90% of abstracts included randomization, trial status, registration & funding. There was no significant difference in the CAS of abstracts (mean ± SD) published in & before 2008 (12.63 ± 4.0), to those published after 2009 (12.48 ± 4.23). Similarly, there was no significant difference in Result Score and Method Score of the abstracts. After the publication of ‘CONSORT for abstracts’ guideline, the quality of abstracts of RCTs on procedural sedation has shown suboptimal improvement. We suggest stricter adherence to guidelines by editors and reviewers. A checklist for adherence to CONSORT guidelines could be introduced during submission for the same.
Usefulness of ultrasonography guided femoral and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve blocks in providing analgesia before giving spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing surgery for intertrochanteric fracture of femur: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Meti Vishwanath , Lohit K , Amarappa G , Babu Ramesh , Balaraju TC , Lavanya S
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims:

It is challenging to give the patient position for subarachnoid block (SAB) as intertrochanteric (IT) fracture of the femur produces intolerable pain. In this study, we have analyzed the usefulness of combined ultrasonography (USG)-guided femoral nerve block (FNB) and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block (LFCNB) to reduce the fracture pain before performing SAB.

Material and Methods:

A prospective, randomized, comparative study was conducted on 60 American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II patients (18–80 years) scheduled for elective IT fracture surgery. Group A (n = 30) patients received USG-guided FNB and LFCNB using 0.75% ropivacaine before SAB. Group B patients (n = 30) received SAB only. All the patients received SAB (3 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine) by an anesthesiologist blinded to the patient groups. The patients were observed for quality of patient positioning for SAB, perioperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores, time to administration of SAB, and duration of analgesia and motor blockade. Statistical analysis was done by Student’s t-test and Chi-square test.

Results:

Baseline VAS score (T1) was similar in both the groups. Mean T2 (VAS score just before SAB) in group-A (3.2 ± 0.98) was lower compared to group-B (8.23 ± 0.7) with P < 0.0001.The quality of patient positioning in group-A was good to optimal but in group-B, it was satisfactory to not satisfactory. Group-A had longer mean duration of analgesia 804 ± 114.28 minutes with P value < 0.0001 than group-B in which it was 200 ± 28.77 min. Backache was significant in group-B with P value of 0.038 compared to group-A.

Conclusion:

USG-guided FNB and LFCNB can be used as an effective supplementation to SAB in patients undergoing surgery for IT fracture of the femur as it reduces fracture site pain, provides good patient positioning during SAB, and prolongs postoperative analgesia.
Character varieties of a transitioning Coxeter 4-orbifold
Authors: Riolo Stefano , Seppi Andrea
Published: October 2022

In 2010, Kerckhoff and Storm discovered a path of hyperbolic 4-polytopes eventually collapsing to an ideal right-angled cuboctahedron. This is expressed by a deformation of the inclusion of a discrete reflection group (a right-angled Coxeter group) in the isometry group of hyperbolic 4-space. More recently, we have shown that the path of polytopes can be extended to Anti-de Sitter geometry so as to have geometric transition on a naturally associated 4-orbifold, via a transitional half-pipe structure. In this paper, we study the hyperbolic, Anti-de Sitter, and half-pipe character varieties of Kerckhoff and Storm’s right-angled Coxeter group near each of the found holonomy representations, including a description of the singularity that appears at the collapse. An essential tool is the study of some rigidity properties of right-angled cusp groups in dimension four.
Homological filling functions with coefficients
Authors: Li Xingzhe , Manin Fedor
Published: October 2022

How hard is it to fill a loop in a Cayley graph with an unoriented surface? Following a comment of Gromov in “Asymptotic invariants of infinite groups”, we define homological filling functions of groups with coefficients in a group

R

. Our main theorem is that the coefficients make a difference. That is, for every

n \geq 1

and every pair of coefficient groups

A, B \in \{\mathbb{Z},\mathbb{Q}\} \cup \{\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\colon p\text{ prime}\}

, there is a group whose filling functions for

n

-cycles with coefficients in

A

and

B

have different asymptotic behavior.
On derivations of evolving surface Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Brandner Philip , Reusken Arnold , Schwering Paul
Published: October 2022

In recent literature several derivations of incompressible Navier–Stokes-type equations that model the dynamics of an evolving fluidic surface have been presented. These derivations differ in the physical principles used in the modeling approach and in the coordinate systems in which the resulting equations are represented. This is an overview paper in the sense that we put five different derivations of surface Navier–Stokes equations into one framework. This then allows a systematic comparison of the resulting surface Navier–Stokes equations and shows that some, but not all, of the resulting models are the same. Furthermore, based on a natural splitting approach in tangential and normal components of the velocity, we show that all five derivations that we consider yield the same tangential surface Navier–Stokes equations.
A remark on Kashin’s discrepancy argument and partial coloring in the Komlós conjecture
Authors: Bandeira Afonso S. , Maillard Antoine , Zhivotovskiy Nikita
Published: October 2022

In this expository note, we discuss an early partial coloring result of B. Kashin (1985). Although this result only implies Spencer’s six standard deviations (1985) up to a

\log \log n

factor, Kashin’s argument gives a simple proof of the existence of a constant discrepancy partial coloring in the setup of the Komlós conjecture.
Evaluation of the Convenience of Kiosk Using Affordance Design Concepts
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Lee Jong Hee
Published: October 2022

The remarkable development of information and communication technology is moving toward the pursuit of digital automation of everything throughout society. However, the elderly have various difficulties in using digital devices due to physical, cognitive, and psychological changes caused by aging. Digital kiosks, which are common to society as a whole, should be designed so that users can naturally induce behavior and achieve their purpose even if they do not understand how to use and operate the device to achieve their purpose.
This study attempted to evaluate the convenience of using digital kiosks for the elderly using affordance, constraint, mapping, and feedback, which are four basic concepts of affordance design that value the user's behavioral perspective. To achieve the purpose of the study, we actually used digital kiosks in community centers, subways, and commercial spaces for elderly experimental participants. Participants used community centers and subway devices relatively easily, but digital kiosks in commercial spaces had difficulty in using them. When participants were cognitively able to guess or know how to use the device, it was found that not only self-efficacy but also confidence in using the device was formed. Through this experimental process, the psychological factors felt during the post-occupancy evaluation and use of elderly participants were summarized.
Through this study, it is hoped that a plan to improve the design of digital kiosks considering the physical, cognitive, and psychological characteristics of the elderly will be sought.
New Invariant Quantity To Measure The Entanglement In The Braids
Authors: Mayah Faik , Alokbi Nisreen , Rasheed Ali Sabeeh
Published: October 2022

In this work, we demonstrate  that the integral formula for a generalised Sato-Levine invariant is consistent in certain situations with Evans and Berger's formula for the fourth-order winding number. Also, we found that, in principle, one can derive analogous  high-order winding numbers by which one can calculate the entanglement of braids. The winding number for the Brunnian 4-braid is calculated algebraically using the cup product  on the cohomology of a finite regular CW-space which is the complement $\mathbb{R}^3\backslash \mathcal{B}_4$.
Seramik Sanatında Katılımcı İzleyici ve Eser Çözümlemeleri
Authors: ÇINAR Hilal , ÇALIŞKAN GÜNEŞ Pınar
Published: October 2022

Sanatçı, sanat eseri ve izleyici sanatsal üretimin en temel unsurlarıdır. Her daim yaratıcı olan sanatçı, durağan sanat eseri ve seyreden izleyici dinamiği, 20. yüzyılın avangard akımlarının etkisiyle edilgen sanatçı, yer değiştirebilen sanat eseri, aktif ve katılımcı olan izleyici olarak yeniden meydana gelmiştir. Aynı zamanda kullanılan üretim malzemeleri ve sergileme biçimleri yeniden sorgulanıp alışılmış değerlerin dışına çıkmıştır. Bu yenilik tutkusuyla hareket etme dürtüsüne bağlı olarak katılımcı izleyici olgusu, ilk olarak fütürizmin aktif tiyatro fikrini ortaya atması ile başlamıştır. Sonrasında dadaizm, fluxus, kavramsal sanat, kinetik sanat, op sanat, GRAV, happening ve performans sanatı gibi akımlarla gelişme göstermiştir. Sanat izleyicisinin bu evrimi ve eser ile etkileşim kurabilme dürtüsü zamanla seramik sanatında da yer edinmiştir. Bu araştırmada; katılımcı izleyici olgusunun serüveni araştırılarak bu olgunun seramik sanatındaki etkileri eserler üzerinden incelenerek yorumlanmıştır. Seramik sanatında aktif rol oynayarak katılım sağlayan izleyicinin, malzemeye, üretim biçimine ve sergileme olanaklarına getirdiği imkânlar değerlendirilerek gelecek çalışmalara kaynak niteliği taşıması hedeflenmiştir.
UNDERSTANDING THE THERMAL COAL MOVEMENTS FROM COLOMBIA TO CHILE THROUGH THE PANAMA CANAL USING LOGIT MODELS- LOOKING AHEAD
Authors: Ho Javier , Bernal Paul
Published: October 2022

This study attempted to specify logit models for bulkers transporting mostly thermal coal from the East Coast of Colombia to Chile through the Panama Canal compared to the alternative route. The preliminary proposed predictors for the logit models included voyage cost variables and Canal's attributes. For the route choice of coal from the East Coast of Colombia to Chile, voyage cost factors such as Panama Canal cost, distance difference between Panama versus alternative route, post arrival of vessel to the next port and the maximum transit draft were important factors in this choice, as well as Panama Canal attributes such as vessel arrivals at the Panama Canal and the Panamax Plus requirement to transit the neopanamax locks. The route choice involved the Panama Canal and Cape Horn/Magellan Strait in the Southern tip of South America. This study analyzed coal traffic between October 1, 2016, and September 30, 2020, and briefly discussed the future of coal movements through Panama, given Chile's long term plans to generate electricity using renewanable energy sources and hydrogen. This paper is a contribution to the discrete choice literature and attempted to provide insights into route choice factors involving the Panama Canal, proposing new preliminary explanatory variables to better understand route choices that may apply in future Panama Canal studies. The study will be a contribution to the universal maritime coal transportation literature, and it is a continuation on research related to the Panama canal, particularly on route choices using AIS information.
Public Management Reform in the Globalized World
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Jovanovic Zoran
Published: October 2022

Public management reform is a continuous process and represents, especially in the modern world, an important requirement for successful application of reform principles and objectives in a society. The indisputable importance of public management in the globalized world is reflected in the scope and number of tasks it performs in every society, financial means it uses and allocates by public policies, the number of people it hires directly or indirectly, as well as in developmental and strategic plans which will affect the future of human civilization. In the Republic of Serbia, public management reform implies adopting vast legislation, regulation and public policies, and their implementing, which should be the primary focus of current reform activities accompanied by further harmonization with EU legislation. Furthermore, modernization of our public management is required if the state is to finally become a true citizens’ service. Using E-government the public sector across the world becomes more efficient and provides better quality service meeting transparency and responsibility standards. E-government is needed to establish and develop information society where everyone can produce, use and exchange information and knowledge thus allowing individuals, communities and peoples to reach their full potential in promoting sustainable development and improving the quality of life in a globalized world.
Der Vertrag von Lissabon – ein Substitut für die gescheiterte europäische Verfassung
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Bataveljic Dragan
Published: October 2022

Die Europäische Union steht am Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts vor großen Herausforderungen. Der Prozess der europäischen Integration wirft die Frage nach der „europäischen Kompatibilität“ des Föderalismus bzw. der Bildung einer „Europäischen Föderation“ auf. Hingewiesen wird auf die Tatsache, dass der Föderalismus eine bedeutende Rolle in der europäischen Entwicklung und Integration spielt, als politisches Unterfangen, das seinesgleichen sucht. Bis dato sind einige Föderalismusmodelle bekannt, jedoch machen die weitere europäische Entwicklung und Integration Innovationen erforderlich, sodass diese nicht in bereits bestehende oder im Voraus bestimmte Modelle eingeordnet werden kann, sondern es ist vielmehr notwendig, eine Synthese zwischen Einheit und Verschiedenartigkeit zu schaffen; von daher wird in den vergangenen Jahren ein „intensives Forschen nach einem neuen Europäischen Föderalismus betrieben“, bzw. man debattiert über die Zukunft der EU. Die EU hat eine große Reform ihrer inneren Organisation durchgeführt, allerdings sollte die Wirkung der bisherigen Integration auf ihre föderale Einheit in Zusammenhang gebracht und, basierend auf den Grundsätzen der Einheit der Rechtsordnung, der Einheit der institutionellen Strukturen und der Solidarität der Mitgliedstaaten beleuchtet werden.
Implementation of EU Directive in Package Travel and Linked Travel Arrangements in European National Legislations
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Vujisic Dragan
Published: October 2022

On the 25th of November 2015 the new Directive on package travel and linked travel arrangements was enacted. This Directive clarifies previous Directive on package travel, package holidays and package tours (1990), and adjusts it to the legal and market development. The new Directive introduced significant changes in the legal regulation of organized travel arrangements. The subject of this paper is analysis of the changes regarding the concept of the package travel and linked travel arrangement. At the beginning, the definitions and solutions from the new Directive on the concept of the package travel and linked travel arrangement were presented. Afterwards, the author presents current state of legislation with respect to the concept of the package travel in many European Union member states. Finally, the author presents the state of legislation in the Serbian law on the issue which is subject of the paper. The aim of this paper is determination which steps EU member states, and states which are approaching to the European Union (such as Serbia) should conduct in order to harmonize national legislations with the changes occurred after enactment of the Directive on package travel and linked travel arrangements.
The Offer of Short Videos Available on the Internet as Audiovisual Media Service
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Lucic Sonja
Published: October 2022

One of the greatest challenges that lawmakers all over the world, particularly in the European Union and its Member States face, is establishing the legal framework of turnover on the internet. Variety that has been unknown until recently and almost indefinite amount of available information, absence of state borders that could significantly limit the flow of information, the easiness of internet users’ providing any kind information to almost indefinite number of recipients, and eventually separation of virtual, digital from the real world- demand development of new legal tools that often are based on completely new grounds. Besides, that reality changes with speed that far surpasses the ability of lawmakers to respond to the changes. Applying the rules of analog world in the digital era results in a number of difficulties. Dilemmas of institutions in charge of supervision of enforcement of rights and market regulation are certainly a part of the difficulties. Thus, in this work the author will analyse the valid decision of the European Court of Justice regarding provision that is the offer of short videos available on internet, and their qualification as audiovisual media services.
Die Bedeutung von Erforschung und Vermittlung des römischen Rechts in Serbien
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Stankovic Emilija
Published: October 2022

Die Entwicklung des serbischen mittelalterlichen Rechtes basiert, mehr als andere Rechtsordnungen, auf der langen Tradition des byzantinischen Rechts. Nach der osmanischen Besatzung kommt es zur rechtlichen Diskontinuität, um danach diese Tradition Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts, jedoch auf mittelbarem Wege, nach Serbien zurückzubringen (durch das Serbische bürgerliche Gesetzbuch aus dem Jahre 1844.) Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts, nach der Befreiung vom osmanischen Reich, kommt in jeder Hinsicht die Periode der Entwicklung Serbiens, auch auf dem Gebiete des Schul- und Bildungswesens. Es wird die Hohe Schule, das Lyzeum, und danach die Universität gegründet; an ihr nahm das Rechtsstudium, wie an allen anderen europäischen Universitäten dieser Zeit, eine zentrale Stellung ein. Als man mit der Erforschung des römischen Rechts anfing, war eine der wichtigsten und am häufigsten aufgeworfenen Fragen die Frage nach den ersten Professoren und nach den Lehrbüchern, die zur Prüfungsvorbereitung dienten, eine wichtige Frage, die nicht nur damals, sondern auch heute gestellt wird. Die Erforschung des römischen Rechts erfuhr eine kontinuierliche Entwicklung, auch nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, wo gesellschaftliche Umstände eher dafür sprachen, das römische Recht als Lehrfach aus den Lehrprogrammen wegzustreichen. Dies geschah zum Glück nicht. Die juristische Fakultät in Belgrad war eine Zeit lang die einzige juristische Fakultät in Serbien, jedoch zwangen die Notwendigkeiten der Gesellschafts – und Staatsentwicklung dazu, neue juristische Fakultäten zu gründen. Nach den neuesten Ereignissen (dem Bürgerkrieg) sind in Serbien juristische Fakultäten in Belgrad, Kragujevac, Niš, Novi Sad und Priština (mit Sitz in Kosovska Mitrovica) erhalten geblieben. Die neuesten Studienprogramme wurden nach dem Hochschulgesetz gemäß dem Bologna-Prozess entwickelt. Das Lehrfach Römisches Recht wird an allen Fakultäten gelehrt. Professoren und Mitarbeiter, die dieses Fach unterrichten, setzen eine lange Tradition der Erforschung des Römischen Rechts in Serbien fort.
The concept of Condominium in the preliminary draft of the civil code of the republic of Serbia
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Planojevic Nina
Published: October 2022

The author makes an observation that manner in which condominium is regulated in the law and its concept are very important because millions of people all over the world as well in Serbia live no longer in individual houses but in flats within multi-storey buildings. Subject of author’s analysis in the paper is how is the issue of condominium regulated in the Preliminary Draft of Serbian Civil Code. First part of the paper deals with considerations of alternative solutions for definition of condominium to those proposed by the Preliminary Draft. Second part of the paper is dedicated to the concept of condominium adopted in the Preliminary Draft, while in the third part the author analyses novelties in regulations pertaining to the subject of condominium. Concluding part of the paper sums results of the analysis and presents evaluation of solutions brought by the Preliminary Draft and proposals for its corrections.
Globalization and family law
Authors:   University “Džemal Bijedić” in Mostar, Faculty of Law, Bubic Snezana
Published: October 2022

The concept of globalisation is mostly discussed as an economic, political and cultural process and the manifestations of them. Only recently in legal academic literature a judicial globalisation process or a globalisation in the legal sphere is pointed out. The concept of globalisation is connected with the law, particularly with family and family law. In this paper, the author considers some important changes in family law caused by globalisation, which occurred under the influence of American law and the practice of European Court of Human Rights. As example of the first, the author considers trends of the introduction the divorce out of court, while the changed approach to same-sex couples is offered as an instance of the influence, mainly, of the European practice.
PRIMERI EVROPSKIH IZVORA NA ROMANSKIM JEZICIMA U SLUŽBI KULTURNE BAŠTINE LESKOVCA I OKOLINE
Authors: Mitić Marija
Published: October 2022

e period of the establishment of fruitful trade relations between the Ottoman Empire and Europe, from the 15th to the 18th century, is actually the period when many envoys and travel writers wrote in their reports about the Balkans, including the south of Serbia, which was under foreign rule at that time. Speaking about the sources important for the study of Leskovac and its surroundings, we can say that they represent a fertile and very diverse material and we can categorize them into travel reports, travel diaries, chronicles, epistles, dictionaries and lists. Their charm is all the greater because they are written in different European languages. The largest number of sources are in the Latin language, while a certain number of sources were written and published in other Romance languages, such as French, Spanish, Portuguese, as well as in varieties of the Old Italian language. This fact sheds light on some new research that goes beyond previous conclusions based only on the analysis of Ottoman and Cyrillic sources and opens the door to some new research based on the study f sources on Roman sources that are important testimonies and an important part of the cultural heritage of the South of Serbia
SRPSKO VOJNO UTVRĐENjE SA KOMPLEKSOM VOJNIH BUNKERA I MAGACINA IZ XIX VEKA KOD BABUŠNICE
Authors:   Zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture Niš, Srbija, Stošić Đorđe , Cvetković Ivana
Published: October 2022

The system of bunkers and warehouses near Babušnica, with large breastworks, was built for distinctly defensive purposes in the period from 1890-1893. It was built during the time of King Aleksandar Obrenović as part of an important defensive belt in the border area towards Bulgaria. It is very well preserved. It is a fortunate circumstance that the fortress “Šanac” was never used in war. The bunker complex made of hewn stone was built on the Jeremija hill above the villages of Donje Striževac and Donje Krnjino near Babušnica. It consists of 10 bunkers in a row with a central entrance gate that leads to the central part of the complex where they are located, 4 more independent bunkers/warehouses are individually arranged. This central part is reinforced with a double ring of earth trenches. On the front side, in front of a row of ten bunkers, a defensive stone wall was built, oriented towards Bela Palanka. The defense system around Pirot, better known as the “Pirot Fortified Camp” for possible defense against a Bulgarian attack, was created at the end of the 19th century. It consisted of the localities “Jarčar”, “Božurata”, “Nišava Valley”, “Šabanov Trap”, “Crni Vrh”, and “Jeremija”, which was established as an immovable cultural asset-cultural monument, and the Institute for the protection cultural monuments in Nis is territorially responsible for its protection. The cultural monument is an exceptional example of the knowledge, skills, expertise and capabilities of the engineering units of the Serbian army of that time.
INDUSTRIJSKO-PROMETNA BANKA ‒ NIŠ
Authors:   The Institute of Serbian Culture-Priština / Leposavić, Becić Ivan M.
Published: October 2022

The need for reconstruction after the Great War in Serbia caused the establishment of a large number of banks. Several banks were gounded in Niš, as one of the larger cities, and one of them was the Traffic Bank of Niš, which was founded in 1920. The management of this bank consested mostly og merchants, craftsmen and industialists.From the very beginning, this bank has shown interest in jobs thar were in the field of industry. Its rented forest for felling, invested in a turner, but the main preoccupation was the leather facrory that this bank built in Niška Banja at the end of 1922. The bank confirmed its orientation towards industrial affairs by changing its name in 1923 to the Industrial-traffic Bank of Niš.However, investing in the factory almost all the funds at the disposal of the bank, whether it was its own someone else’s, made it impossible for the Industrial-traffic Bank not only to deal with banking, but also exhausted all possibilities for providing working capital, so the factory did not have funds to procure enough raw materials to keep working and thus its was not able to return the money invested in it.The members of the management managed this company unprofessionally, and major malversations were noticed, which made it impossible for the facrory to work properly, at least to some extent. The bank invested all its funcs in the facrory, which made it unable to deal with banking. The lack of working capital made the factory stop working at the beginning of 1925, and the Industrial-traffic Bank of Niš went bankrupt in the middle of the same year.
GRAD PRIZREN I OKOLINA IZMEĐU DVA SVETSKA RATA
Authors:   The Institute for Recent History of Serbia, Slavković Mirić Božica
Published: October 2022

Prizren and the Prizren district had a rich economic, political, religious and cultural tradition. Prizren was one of the few cities in Kosovo and Metohija (there were also Peć, Priština and Kosovska Mitrovica). It had a hydroelectric power plant, a slaughterhouse, markets, water supply and sewerage, schools, reading rooms, a public bath and a customs office building. The state built the Gymnasium, the District Court and the Nursery. The Tetovo-Prizren road was very important, telephone and telegraph communications were developed, and Šar planina was a tourist attraction. In Prizren, most of the inhabitants were engaged in industry, primarily milling because agriculture was an important branch of the economy. It had developed trade and crafts, although these branches declined due to the development of industry and its products. Educational and health conditions were not adequate as in all parts of Kosovo and Metohija, but Prizren stood out for the seminary and the hospital with the largest number of buildings. Also, Prizren was an important geostrategic point and political economic center. In the years before the Second World War, Prizren and its surroundings began to decline due to the closing of the border with Albania, but Prizren still remained a symbol of the imperial city with a special mentality that sets it apart from other cities in all of Serbia.
ŠTAMPA U OKUPIRANOM NIŠU
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Philosophy, Aracki Zoran
Published: October 2022

In Serbia’s history, the press holds a special place, since its first publications were older than the state’s restoration and recognition. Therefore, it is quite clear that the recent history of the Serbian people cannot be properly understood without first understanding the development path of the Serbian press. Many well-known scientists and historians - Stojan Novaković, Jovan Skerlić, Dušan Vuksan, Svetislav Šumarević, Vuk Dragović, Mihajlo Bjelica, Vasilije Krestić, as well as numerous researchers gathered at the Institute of Journalism and the Association of Journalists of Serbia - have dealt with this topic in the past. Nevertheless, it is interesting that there are not enough works published in the south of central Serbia, in Nis and its surrounding areas, which deal with analyzing and processing, and even less with synthesizing collected data about the press in this part of Serbia. Some of the most important names that marked the research of the press development in this city are Živojin Dačić, Jovan Skerlić, Jeremija Živanović, Bruna Lovrić, Vladimir Nikolić, Mihajlo Paligorić, Ivan Vučković and Dragoljub Mirčetić. While this paper does not claim to cover the entirety of material related to the development of the Nis press, but it may act as an incentive for young researchers to begin to analyze the data that can be obtained. At the same time, we will try to shed light on one of the darkest periods in Nis’s history, namely the period of Bulgarian and German occupation in the First and Second World Wars.
ZAPADNI SAVEZNICI I PARTIZANSKI POKRET U SRBIJI 1941‒1944: GLAVNI TOKOVI ODNOSA
Authors:   Institute for Contemporary History, Belgrade, Dević Nemanja
Published: October 2022

The partisan movement passed from 1941‒1944. the long path of relations with the Western Allies: from the perception of Great Britain and the USA as capitalists and imperialists - ideological enemies (1941), through forced contacts (1942), rapprochement and an apparent turn towards the West (1943), to renewed and full cooperation with the SSSR and the Red Army at the expense of the West (summer and autumn 1944). On the other hand, the USA and Great Britain, through their missions and representatives on the ground, saw the partisans at the beginning of the war as an extended arm of Moscow, then as cooperative guerrillas towards whom a “smart policy” should be conducted, until full recognition and military assistance in the unraveling of civil war in Serbia. During all that time, however, Josip Broz Tito and the leadership of the communist movement maintained a kind of mimicry, which can be seen from their correspondence with the Comintern: even at the time of the greatest rapprochement with the West, their prejudices about those countries as an ideological enemy remained alive. As time went on, and the Red Army was closer to Serbia, these differences became more noticeable and the partisans turned more and more clearly towards their original ideological ally. The victory of the partisans in the civil war was conditioned by the help of both the East and the West, in the military, political and propaganda fields. In this sense, new research shows that the theses presented earlier about the authentic revolution of the Yugoslav partisans are scientifically unsustainable.
NIKOLA KALABIĆ–PRILOG ZA RAZUMEVANjE JEDNE RATNE BIOGRAFIJE
Authors:   Institute for Contemporary History, Belgrade, Dimitrijević Bojan
Published: October 2022

The article is a short review of the distinguished war commander of the Yugoslav Army in Fatherland (The Chetniks, known by abbreviation JVuO) Nikola Kalabic. He was reserve officer of the Yugoslav Army, and during the Second World war one of the prominent commanders of the Royalist resistance movement since 1941 until the very end in late 1945, commanding the Guards unit of the JVuO. It was the author’s contribution on the trial where Kalabic rehabilitation was debated. The process was held during the period between 2014 and 2022 in Valjevo regional court. Parts of this article was read by the author in front of the Valjevo court in his third appearance during the part of the process where a conclusion was drawn upon the request of the defence and state attorney. The article on Kalabic was written based on the author research in the Military Archive and Archive of Yugoslavia, both in Belgrade, concerning the Kalabic’s wartime biography. The special attention was given to the accusations on Kalabic’s behaviour gathered in 1945, during the field research of the State commission that assembled the testimonies on the crimes of the occupying forces and other warring parties during the Second World War in occupied Serbia. The post – war capture of the Kalabic and his role in the capturing of General Mihailovic in spring 1946, was also described in the article, based upon the documents that were held in Serbian State Security. Author had a chance to research those documents during the 2009, as the member of the state commission which investigated fate of General Mihailovic capture, trial and execution. Those documents confirm Kalabic’s key role in the operation run by the Yugoslav security service which led to capture of the General Mihailovic in mid- March 1946.