bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproducing the Spatial Characteristics of High-Frequency Ground Motions for the 1850M 7.5 Xichang Earthquake
Authors: Li Zongchao , Sun Jize , Fang Lihua , Chen Xueliang , Gao Mengtan , Luo Quanbo , Wang Guochen , Ding Qingfeng , Ma Jian , Li Qi
Published: October 2021

Reproducing the spatial characteristics of large historical earthquakes and predicting the strong ground motions of future destructive large earthquakes through actual small earthquakes have high-practical value. The empirical Green’s function method is a numerical simulation method that can impart real seismic information in synthetic ground motions. In this article, we use data from the 2018 M 5.1 Xichang earthquake to reproduce the ground-motion characteristics of the 1850 M 7.5 Xichang earthquake using the empirical Green’s function method. The uncertainties of the parameters, such as the number, area, and locations of asperities, are considered. The synthetic time histories, peak ground accelerations (PGAs), and response spectra are obtained through simulation. The main results are as follows. (1) The synthetic Xichang earthquake (such as the ground-motion intensity and attenuation characteristic of the PGA) matches well with the M 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and M 7.3 Jiji earthquake. When the number of asperities is 1 or 2, the PGA characteristics of the Xichang earthquake match well not only with the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 (2014) ground-motion model in the range of 100 km but also with the seismic ground-motion parameter zonation map of China in the range of 20–100 km. (2) The prediction results based on the asperity source model are relatively reliable in the range of 20–100 km. The one-asperity and two-asperity models of the Xichang earthquake match better than the three-asperity and four-asperity models. (3) We can speculate that when the M 7.5 earthquake struck the Xichang area, the damage was relatively strong. The PGA may have exceeded 1.0g in the meizoseismal area, and the seismic intensity in the meizoseismal area may have reached or exceeded a degree of X–XI. Therefore, the synthesized M 7.5 Xichang earthquake has the strength characteristics of a large destructive earthquake.
Seismic Location of the 4 August 2020 Beirut Port Chemical Explosion
Authors: Ghalib Hafidh A. A. , Kraft Gordon , Alchalbi Abdulmutaleb , Wagner Robert
Published: October 2021

On 4 August 2020 Lebanon’s capital, Beirut, was rocked by a sequence of colocated fires and chemical explosions that left hundreds of people dead, thousands injured and homeless, demolished the city’s seaport, and heavily damaged the surrounding neighborhoods and businesses. The event was well recorded by many regional seismic stations in and around the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Using a network of 58 stations, 105 regional seismic phases, and a Bayesian methodology places the event at 1.8 km south of the ground-truth location, the seaport warehouse. Achieving this accuracy is significant, considering very limited local seismic data were available to use in this study. The location bias is attributed, in large part, to a small but statistically significant difference in the Moho velocity for sea paths compared with continental paths. The depth to the Moho is generally consistent with the iasp91 model. Concurrent to the port explosion is a series of unrelated small explosions, 11 s apart, attributed to a seismic survey that was being carried out at the time in the eastern Mediterranean Sea using air guns.
Role of Internet of Things (IoT) in Retail Business and Enabling Smart Retailing Experiences
Authors: Hossain Md. Shakawat , Chisty Nur Mohammad Ali , Amin Ruhul
Published: October 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) is anticipated to be one of the primary megatrends up in innovation. Integrated with the current and upcoming mobility of digital gadgets, it offers ground to applications in numerous domains, including retail. The capability of sensors for setting applicable, customized, real-time, and intuitive communication with buyers and customers is considered to be a driving force of traffic and exchange, a facilitator of development along the way to elevate their purchasing experience. Simultaneously, IoT can serve to further develop relationships and foundations for more viable retail business and digital store management. Currently, digitally savvy customers expect an Omnichannel experience at each touchpoint. They need to track down the ideal data at the perfect time at the right location. Location-based innovation in a retail setting identifies the way that users take to arrive at specific areas of a retail store and helps upgrade the shopping experience. This is the reason the Internet of Things (IoT) is beginning to take the online business to a higher level, and will probably disrupt the conventional retail processes on a significant scale in the coming time. This paper surveys and arranges the most common applications of IoT and solutions for successful marketing at retail from the point of retailers and customers as well as from the point of manufacturers confronting framework or communication-related issues. We propose a model that demonstrates the potential that IoT has as compared to standard industry practices of retail to drive business results and gain an upper hand. In this paper, we’ve likewise talked about the new developments and new techniques for the organizations to accomplish competitive advantage brought about by the uses cases of IoT, particularly in the field of mobile sensors. Such developments are likely the most prominent factor in the coming years to make progress in the advanced economy.
TAİLGUT KİSTİ'NİN MANYETİK REZONANS GÖRÜNTÜLEME BULGULARI : OLGU SERİSİ
Authors: Kaplanoğlu Hatice , Turan Aynur , Kaplanoğlu Veysel
Published: October 2021

Tailgut kistleri embriyolojik olarak tailguttan köken alan retrorektal aralık yerleşimli konjenital lezyonlardır. Sıklıkla dördüncü dekatta ve kadınlarda görülür. Olguların çoğunluğu asemptomatik olup rutin incelemeler sırasında insidental olarak saptanır. Alt abdominal ağrı, perirektal ağrı, kabızlık veya dismenore gibi semptomlara nadiren neden olabilir. Perirektal abse, anorektal fistül ve kist duvarından gelişen malign transformasyon başlıca komplikasyonlarıdır. Bu olgu serisinde 3 vaka sunulmaktadır. Bu olgu serisi sunumunda uzun süredir devam eden, ara ara olan kramp tarzı karın ağrısı ve kabızlık şikayeti olan 35 yaşında; son altı aydır devam eden, pelvik ve perineal bölgeye yayılan karın ağrısı tarifleyen 52 yaşında; son bir yıldır devam eden, pelvik bölgesinde ortaya çıkan ve kasıklara yayılan karın ağrısı tarifleyen 25 yaşında olmak üzere üç kadın olgu sunulmuştur. Olguların operasyon sonrası histopatolojik inceleme sonuçları tailgut kisti ile uyumlu olarak geldi ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme bulguları doğrulanmıştır.
Role of cefuroxime as antibiotic prophylaxis for general surgery: An expert opinion
Authors: Trailokya Abhijit , Sastry G Laxmana , Nandi Mrinmay , Mukhopadhyay Mrityunjoy , Dumbre Ramesh , Bhattacharjee Sanjoy , Sukumar Gabriel , Pawar Roshan
Published: October 2021

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are serious postoperative complications reported globally, which lead to perioperative antibiotics use during routine practice in surgical procedures. Selection of appropriate antibiotic/s for prophylaxis is a vital step in the management and care of invasive surgical procedures. This expert opinion review was developed based on expert discussion and literature search on scientific databases with special emphasis on cefuroxime in surgical prophylaxis for general surgeries. Cephalosporins are globally considered to be the drugs of choice for surgical prophylaxis in general surgeries owing to good safety, bactericidal activity, penetration to critical tissues, and proven efficacy in clinical trials. Cefuroxime, a 2nd generation cephalosporin, is an effective, safe and low-cost antibiotic for surgical prophylaxis in general surgeries, in particular for patients who need sequential antibiotic therapy. Cefuroxime can be administered alone or in combination with other classes of antibiotics based on clinical characteristics of individual patients and surgeon’s discretion to reduce the risk of postoperative SSIs, abscess, septicemia, and microbial growth.

Cefuroxime can be administered alone or in combination with other classes of antibiotics based on clinical characteristics of individual patients and surgeon’s discretion to reduce the risk of postoperative SSIs, abscess, septicemia, and microbial growth.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of anterior abdominal wall- A rare presentation
Authors: Benny P B  , Vasu T A , Selvan Illakia , Rajan Anjali
Published: October 2021

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is highly malignant tumors that occur most commonly in head and neck as well as extremities. Very rarely it seen in the retroperitoneum. When associated with neurofibromatosis, they are having a poor outcome. We present a case malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of anterior abdominal wall. The location and rapid increase in size of the swelling permitted early diagnosis and treatment.
Revisión, diseño y construcción de un instrumento de medición para evaluar las competencias laborales del personal farmacéutico ambulatorio
Authors: Ceballos Rueda Javier Mauricio , Salazar Ospina Andrea , Amariles Muñoz Pedro
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: identificar y seleccionar las directrices y recomendaciones sobre las competencias laborales que requiere el personal farmacéutico ambulatorio, y construir un instrumento para su medición. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión estructurada en dos fases: a) se revisaron y seleccionaron las funciones/dominios, los criterios de desempeño (habilidades y actitudes), los conocimientos, los marcos de competencias establecidas a nivel internacional, y los instrumentos de medición reportados en la literatura; y b) se identificaron las competencias laborales necesarias de acuerdo con la normatividad colombiana y con los procesos de los Establecimientos Farmacéuticos ambulatorios (droguerías y farmacias-droguerías). Finalmente, se construyó el instrumento de medición por un panel de expertos. Resultados: Se identificaron las competencias laborales establecidas por las organizaciones de regulación internacional. Se revisaron 993 artículos que reportaban la medición y evaluación de las competencias, seleccionándose y analizándose 9 referencias. Se analizaron los marcos de competencias de diferentes países. Se analizaron las regulaciones en Colombia sobre el tema. El instrumento construido contiene 101 competencias distribuidas en los siguientes componentes: a) suministro de cuidados al paciente; b) personales; c) solución de problemas; y d) gestión y organización directrices y recomendaciones internacionales, además, la normatividad colombiana para identificar las competencias laborales que requiere el personal farmacéutico para el correcto funcionamiento de los Establecimientos Farmacéuticos ambulatorios, y partir de esto, se construye un instrumento de medición para evaluarlas.
Triple Bottom Line in Indonesia Commercial Palm Oil Mill Business: Analytical Network Process Approach
Authors: Suroso Arif Imam , Pahan Iyung , Tandra Hansen
Published: October 2021

The latest trend in palm oil business is the emergence of independent commercial crude palm oil (CPO) mills, which emphasize processing FFB from smallholder plantations. The involvement of smallholders without mill in CPO operations shows that there is potential from the business for sustainable development. The purpose of this study to investigate the Indonesian commercial CPO mill business with a triple bottom line perspective. Moreover, this is to gain how much benefit the Commercial CPO mill business is in terms of profit, people and planet. This study applied the Analytic Network Process (ANP) with the criteria of profitability, social justice and environmental quality. This analytical technique uses a number of experts related to the palm oil business and sustainable development. The results of this study reveal that the critical success factors of priority Indonesian commercial CPO mills are the source of raw materials from small farmers (71.90%) and operational considerations of CPO mills (28.10%). While the benefits of this business can create shared value through quadruple helix analysis of academics, entrepreneurs, communities, and government which ranks profit (53.05%), people (23.75%) and planet (23.19%). The significant results of this study revealed that the Indonesia Commercial CPO mill is sustainable from triple bottom line point of view.
Parents’ Awareness of and Perspectives on Childhood Refractive Error and Spectacle Wear in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrasheed Saif H , Alghamdi Waleed M
Published: October 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to assess parents’ awareness of and perspectives on childhood refractive errors in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October and November 2020 in public schools across different regions of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that assessed parents’ knowledge and perceptions of childhood refractive errors and spectacle wear. Results: A total of 358 parents from different regions of Saudi Arabia completed the questionnaire and were obtained in this study (response rate: 85%). Approximately one third (38.3%) of the parents reported that they had never heard of refractive errors and one-third (33.8%) mentioned that uncorrected refractive errors did not lead to visual impairment. The majority (74.0%) cited using eyeglasses as an effective way to manage childhood refractive errors. Two-thirds (63.7%) stated that they did not receive any information about paediatric eye care. Better knowledge was associated with a higher educational level, female gender and older age (P <0.001, P = 0.008 and P = 0.024, respectively). Regarding parents’ perspective on spectacle wear, 13.7% felt that using eyeglasses affected their children’s chances of learning. However, 82.7% supposed that eyeglasses did not affect their children’s employment opportunities. Almost a quarter of the sample (22.1%) thought that using eyeglasses would decrease the eye’s power, resulting in childhood visual impairment. Conclusion: The level of awareness and perceptions regarding childhood refractive errors and spectacle wear was low among parents. Therefore, a policy is needed to improve the awareness and perception of the key stakeholders in this issue, including parents and teachers.Keywords: Visual Impairment; Spectacles; Parents; Attitudes; Refractive Error; Myopia; Psychological Effect; Vision Care; Eyeglasses.
Agglomeration effects and housing market dynamics
Authors: A. Nygaard Christian , Parkinson Sharon , Reynolds Margaret
Published: October 2021

This research quantifies productivity-related agglomeration benefits arising from the concentration of employment in Australia.
The Economic and Social Value of Fostering Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Rusok Nur Hazelen Mat , Kumar Naresh , Manaf Khamisah Abd
Published: October 2021

Students and alumni reported a weak desire for a transition towards entrepreneurship despite endless support from the government and the higher education institution (HEI). Indeed alumni and students prefer more security and stability in working life. The survey results show that it is easier for graduates to find employment immediately after their graduation. Besides, it turns out that alumni have opportunities to display their creativity and to come up with new ideas in their current job. Similarly, the students reported that they are able to display creativity in whatever activities they are involved. The impact of entrepreneurship education on society and economy were average. The study implies that HEIs should focus in developing greater levels of innovative entrepreneurial activity to support students in identifying viable entrepreneurial opportunities and new venture creation. Continuous assessment is vital to realign the entrepreneurship education and become the agent of industrial innovation, technological development, economic development and social development especially in the context of growing knowledge-based economy.
The Psychological Strategies Used by Malaysian National Rugby Players During Asian 5 Nations Rugby Tournament 2015
Authors: Ismail Mazlan , Rahim Mohammad Rahizam Abdul , Azmi Sharina Salmi
Published: October 2021

The main purpose of this study is to obtain the psychological performance strategies used by Malaysian national rugby players during Asian 5 Nations Rugby Tournament 2015. All twenty-nine participants of this study are trained and experienced male players within the age of 19 to 38 years. Each player was given a set of Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) questionnaire, which consisted of 64 items seeking the respondents to state the psychological strategy they use towards themselves during competition and practice during the match. The results showed significant difference only in emotional control strategy during practice condition. Due to specific demand in position, the backline-position players used emotional control as a strategy more often during practice, compared to the forward-position players. Meanwhile, in competition condition the performance strategies were equally used for both positions. The findings suggest that to win a game, both positions (forward and backline) have to use similar strategies, particularly in team sports. Future study should examine the strategies adopted in several investigations in order to derive comparisons among other professional teams.
Straddling the Boundary: The Case of Mahali Christians in Terms of their Socio-Cultural Adjustment, in Two Mahali Villages in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Shahnaz , Hossain Bokul , Sarker Rayhena
Published: October 2021

In this study we selected a small ethnic group named Mahali living in the villages Pachandar and Mondumala of Barind track at Rajshahi in the north-western part of Bangladesh along with the mainstream individuals. Those two villages are entirely occupied by homogenous people of Mahali who practice their traditional lifestyle accompanied by Christianity. In this context, we have tried to explore the religious syncretism of the Mahali Christians regarding their ethnic background, socio-economic status, power structure and their belief systems. We also identify the process of acculturation that took place among the Mahalis after Christianization and that resulted in a number of social changes through decades, thus turning the Mahali culture into a state of transition. In addition, we have also made some recommendations on this issue based on the findings having from the study
Mixed-Orientation Marriages: An Analysis on Heterosexual Wife Legal Redress in Malaysia
Authors: Din Hanis Nabihah Binti Hizamul- , Rahim Rohani Abdul , Fandi Fieza Fazlin Binti , Yaccob Mohd Fadhly Bin , Yahanan Annalisa
Published: October 2021

Mixed orientation marriages refers to marriages involving a partner who is gay or lesbian while the other partner may be heterosexuals or bi-sexual as well. Parties to such marriage are men and women who are gender fluid or transgender who wish to maintain their relationship that exist before or after the existing marriage commenced. In United States of America, there are as many as three million of such marriages – perhaps even more. Homosexuality or bisexuality is illegal in Malaysia and thus, the existence of mixed orientation marriage in Malaysia often hide behind a normal marriage. It has been difficult to quantify such marriage unless the courts that handle divorce matters identified such grounds to these divorces. Plus, mixed orientation marriage is an oppression towards the wives who are heterosexual. This paper will dwell on; (a) the definition of mixed-orientation marriage; (b) the factors that cause a bisexual husband to pursue a marriage with a heterosexual wife without her knowing of the fact ; (c) to find out the effects of such relationships to a heterosexual spouse in terms of her health, emotion and psychological impacts; (d) To identify the legal redress on heterosexual wife and her rights in such marriage; and (e) to analyse some strategies and the legal remedies available to deal with such kind of marriages, which denied the vary basis of contractual relationship acknowledge by civil and sharia marriages laws in Malaysia.
A Comparative Analysis of Visual Agenda-Setting in Reporting Islam
Authors: Hassan Isyaku , Azmi Mohd Nazri Latiff
Published: October 2021

The media set the agenda of public discourse and define people’s perception of the issues. Research shows that analysis of visual elements in the media coverage of Islam is under-represented. This study explores and compares visual agenda-setting of Islam in selected Nigerian and Malaysian newspapers. Punch and Vanguard were chosen from Nigeria while The Star and New Straits Times were chosen from Malaysia based on their online readership. The study focused on content analysis of 425 photos and 23 videos used in the selected newspapers. Sample was collected from November 2015 until September 2016. Only photos and videos used in articles directly related to Islam were collected from the respective websites of the newspapers. It was found that Nigerian newspapers used more violent photos in reporting Islam than Malaysian newspapers. Of all the photos used in the selected newspapers, 43 reflected violence blamed on Islam while 382 were non-violent. None of the videos reflected violence. Though the use of violent photos is minimal in the newspapers, their implication might be highly influential. Visual bias could be avoided through collective effort of journalists, editors, and corporate ownership of the media.
A Comparative Study Between China and Malaysia: Investigating the Influence of First Language (L1) Syntax in Speaking English (L2) among Primary School Students
Authors: Maniam Mahendran , Ridzuan Mardhiyah , Subramaniam Santhia A/P , Sagathivan Vigneshwary A/P , Lahsan Yom Saridatul Najwa Bt Abd , Jingjing Zhong
Published: October 2021

For Malaysian students, speaking in English is one of the most challenging skills to master, especially if they do not have a strong command of the language. Meanwhile in China, the English language is primarily employed as a means of academic communication and teaching. This paper aims to identify which linguistic items have been transferred positively and negatively from L1 (Bahasa Melayu and Mandarin) in speaking English (L2) among primary school students. A qualitative study among primary school students from China and Malaysia was carried out using purposive sampling. Based on the findings, four types of syntactic errors from the Malaysian students' speech were identified. It was evident that the students had difficulties to speak correctly in terms of sentence structure. The four syntactic errors found are simple past, simple present, verb ‘to be’ and subject-verb-agreement. Meanwhile, it has been found that Chinese students frequently produce linguistic mistakes during their utterances of L2 speech as a result of L1 interference. This research also exposed that the students are still unconsciously relying on their mother tongue to translate their sentence into L2. The study is expected to help ESL teachers to draw the analogies between corresponding L1 and L2 syntax constructions. The findings will contribute and direct the learners’ attention to cross-language syntactic similarities and differences and thus guide them to a deeper understanding of underlying linguistic structure.
Applications of auditory evoked potentials in tinnitus: a review
Authors: Seraji Hossein , Mohammadkhani Ghassem , Taghavi Seyyed Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim: Subjective tinnitus is a phantom auditory perception caused by different factors and affects the patient’s quality of life. The tinnitus pathophysiology is not fully unders­tood; therefore, there is no effective treatment for tinnitus. Along with other methods, auditory evo­ked potentials (AEPs) may be helpful in unders­tanding this condition and the involved struc­tures. This study aimed to review the applications of AEPs in tinnitus studies.
Recent Findings: The studies investigating tinnitus were categorized into three groups of tinnitus pathophysiology, pre- or post-treatment/intervention evaluation of tinnitus, and objective diagnosis of tinnitus. Contradictory and unrep­eatable findings were observed in each group.
Conclusion: Discrepancies in the results of AEPs studies can be due to between-group and within-group differences, lack of proper match­ing in terms of tinnitus etiology and hearing loss, and difference in neurophysiologic models of tinnitus.
Genomic pattern analysis of Burkholderia mallei field isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) discriminatory typing
Authors: Dashtipour Shojaat , Tadayon Keyvan , Yazdansetad Sajjad , Mosavari Nader , Keshavarz Rouhollah
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Glanders is a serious zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia mallei. Prevention, control, and treatment strategies of glanders are prerequisites for microbial source tracking. The present study was aimed to analyze the genomic pattern of B. mallei Iranian field isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing.
Materials and Methods: B. mallei isolates were aerobically cultured in nutrient broth/agar supplemented with glycerol 4% for 48 h at 37°C. API 20NE identification system was used for the biochemical characterization. Genomic DNA of bacterial isolates was extracted using OIE-recommended protocol. Molecular identification of bacterial isolates was done based on amplification of BimA and IS407-flip genes. PFGE was applied to prepare the genomic pattern of B. mallei isolates. The guinea pig was used as a suitable model for studying the histopathological characterization of B. mallei.
Results: In both enzymatic digestion patterns by using Af1II and VspI, we found three different clonal types; І) PFGE type of B. mallei Razi 325 strain, ІІ) PFGE type of Tiger, Kordan, and Oshnavieh strains, and ІІІ) PFGE type of Semirom strain. B. mallei Razi 325 was categorized as unrelated strain which was belonged to the different cluster differing more than four bands.
Conclusion: PFGE showed more discriminatory power and considerable reproducibility for molecular typing of B. mallei strains in our study. It is standardized the approaches for outbreak detection, pathogen phylogeny, molecular epidemiology, and population studies.
Effect of fluconazole and terbinafine nanoparticles on the treatment of dermatophytosis induced by Trichophyton mentagrophytes in guinea pig
Authors: Lalvand Mahshid , Hashemi Seyed Jamal , Bayat Mansour
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Dermatophytosis induced by Trichophyton mentagrophytes is a major human and animal fun- gal contamination. Antifungals like terbinafine and fluconazole are widely used to treat dermatophytosis; nevertheless, the prevalence of drug resistance has increased. Hence, novel curative strategies are needed. In the present study, we compared the efficacies of conventional and nanoform of antifungals agents in guinea pig model of dermatophytosis.
Materials and Methods: Guinea pigs (n=36) were injected (the posterior dorsal portion) with Trichophyton mentagrophytes conidia. The guinea pigs were divided into 6 groups (positive control, negative control, fluconazole 0.5% treated group, na- no-fluconazole treated group, terbinafine 1% treated group, and nano-terbinafine treated group), then were scored both clin- ically (redness and lesion intensity) and mycologically (microscopy and culture) until day 40 of inoculation. The treatment started 5 days after the inoculation and continued until day 40 of inoculation.
Results: Assessment of the mean score of clinical lesions in groups treated with nano-drug forms of fluconazole and terbin- afine on the first day of treatment showed a score of 3 (significant redness with large scaling) and for the conventional form of terbinafine and fluconazole had a score of 4 (ulcer and scar). The decrease in lesion score in nano-drug treated groups was observed between days 15 and 20 and continued until day 40. On day 40, all groups had zero scores except the positive control group.
Conclusion: This study indicated that nano-drugs are more suitable for the treatment of dermatophytosis and could be con- sidered as future alternatives for the treatment of dermatophytosis.
Cloning of Bacillus subtilis phytase gene construct in Escherichia coli
Authors: Saadi Mahdiyar Iravani , Doosti Abbas , Jalali Heeva , Abdolyousefi Ehsan Nabi , Hooshiyar Mansooreh , Tabrizi Reza , Noshadi Esmat
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Phytase has a hydrolysis function of phytic acid, which yields inorganic phosphate. Bacillus species can produce thermostable alkaline phytase. The aim of this study was to isolate and clone a Phytase gene (Phy) from Bacillus subtilis in Escherichia coli.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the extracellular PhyC gene was isolated from Bacillus subtilis Phytase C. After purification of the bands, DNA fragment of Phy gene was cloned by T/A cloning technique, and the clone was transformed into Escherichia coli. Afterward, the pGEM-Phy was transferred into E. coli Top-10 strain and the recombinants were plated on LB agar containing 100 µg/ml ampicillin. The colonization of 1171 bp of gene Phytase C was confirmed by PCR. The presence of gene-targeting in vector was confirmed with enzymatic digestion by XhoI and XbaI restriction enzymes.
Results: The Phytase gene was successfully cloned in E. coli. The result of cloning of 1171 bp Phytase gene was confirmed by PCR assay.
Conclusion: Our impression of this article is that several methods, such as using along with microbial, plant phytase reproduction, or low-phytic acid corn may be the better way from a single phytase.
Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages from wastewater sources on Enterococcus spp. isolated from clinical samples
Authors: Elahi Yara , Nowroozi Jamileh , Nezhad Fard Ramin Mazaheri
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: In recent decades, enterococcal resistance to antimicrobials has greatly increased. Further- more, these chemicals include several side effects on the patients. Since no reports are available of the bacteriophages' effects on eukaryotic cells, they can be good solutions for multidrug-resistant bacterial problems. Therefore, the major aim of this study was to isolate bacteriophages from wastewaters on clinical antibiotic-resistant enterococci.
Materials and Methods: Clinical bacteria were isolated, then enterococcal isolates were identified using different methods. The antibiotic resistance scheme of the enterococcal isolates was assessed. The bacterial isolates were exposed to wastewa- ter samples containing potential bacteriophages. Technically, isolated bacteriophages were studied by electron microscopy.
Results: Isolated bacteria were verified as Enterococcus faecium. Results showed that bacteriophages could easily be isolat- ed from wastewater sources. The isolated bacteriophages were effective on E. faecium as well as Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Furthermore, these bacteriophages were challenged with five other bacteria (ATCC) with no visible effects. In general, the isolated bacteriophages belonged to the Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, and Inoviridae families.
Conclusion: Further studies on bacteriophages and their efficacy on enterococcal strains could increase the treatment possi- bility of enterococcal infections. Due to these bacteriophages' effects on Streptococcus strains, bacteriophages may be used to treat streptococcal infections as well.
Efficacious antibacterial potency of novel bacteriophages against ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from burn wound infections
Authors: Rahimzadeh Torabi Ladan , Sadat Naghavi Nafiseh , Doudi Monir , Monajemi Ramesh
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) leads to the development of antibi- otic resistance and mortality in burn patients. One of the alternative strategies for controlling ESBL bacterial infections is clinical trials of bacteriophage therapy. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize specific bacteriophages against ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients with burn ulcers.
Materials and Methods: Clinical samples were isolated from the hospitalized patient in burn medical centers, Iran. Bio- chemical screenings and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were determined. The phages were isolated from municipal sewerage treatment plants, Isfahan, Iran. TEM and FESEM, adsorption velocity, growth curve, host range, and the viability of the phage particles as well as proteomics and enzyme digestion patterns were examined.
Results: The results showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae Iaufa_lad2 (GenBank accession number: MW836954) was con- firmed as an ESBL-producing strain using combined disk method. This bacterium showed significant sensitivity to three phages including PɸBw-Kp1, PɸBw-Kp2, and PɸBw-Kp3. Morphological characterization demonstrated that the phage PɸBw-Kp3 to the Siphoviridae family (lambda-like phages) and both phages PɸBw-Kp1 and ɸBw-Kp2 to the Podoviridae family (T1-like phages). The isolated bacteriophages had a large burst size, thermal and pH viability and efficient adsorption rate to the host cells.
Conclusion: In present study, the efficacy of bacteriophages against ESBL pathogenic bacterium promises a remarkable achievement for phage therapy. It seems that, these isolated bacteriophages, in the form of phage cocktails, had a strong an- tibacterial impacts and a broad-spectrum strategy against ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from burn ulcers.
Combination of topical liposomal amphotericin B and Glucantime in comparison with glucantime alone for the treatment of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) caused by Leishmania tropica: study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Eskandari Seyed Ebrahim , Khamesipour Ali , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza , Javadi Amir , Mohammadi Akram Miramin , Keshavarz Valian Hossein , Nassiri-Kashani Mansour , Mashayekhi G oyonlo Vahid , Firooz Alireza
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) treatment is a challenging issue, although numerous modalities have been introduced as candidate treatment for CL yet only antimonial agents are commonly used to treat CL, a different form of amphotericin B is used to treat visceral form of leishmaniasis but the efficacy against CL is not high. There are a few reliable clinical trials on CL, the main reason is the nature of the disease which required a well design protocol to evaluate the efficacy of any candidate treatment against CL. In this study, a protocol was developed and used to evaluate a topical formulation of a nano-liposomal form of amphotericin B in addition to glucantime  to treat CL caused by L. tropica.
Materials and Methods: This study is a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical nano-liposomal amphotericin B (SinaAmpholeish 0.4%) in combination with intralesional injections of meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of ACL caused by L. tropica. Overall, 130 patients, aged 12-60 years, with a diag- nosis of ACL caused by L. tropica are recruited and treated according to the protocol.
Results: A total of 130 patients with CL lesion will be recruited and double- blind randomly treated with received intralesional injections of Glucantime weekly or Glucantime plus SinaAmpholeish for 4 weeks.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the protocol works well and the treatment was tolerated by both groups of patients.
SABERES E PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS INCLUSIVAS NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA
Authors: Boff Ana Paula , Regiani Anelise Maria
Published: October 2021

A educação inclusiva é uma perspectiva educacional que defende que todos os estudantes têm direito ao acesso à escola comum. A formação docente inicial representa um importante desdobramento para que os princípios da educação inclusiva sejam colocados em prática no contexto educacional. Desse modo, este artigo objetiva discutir os saberes e práticas pedagógicas inclusivas necessárias à atuação na área das ciências da natureza, tendo como perspectiva uma formação docente inicial socialmente implicada com os princípios da inclusão escolar. A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa foi realizada a partir de abordagem teórica e o tratamento analítico baseou-se na análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados do estudo apontaram que: os saberes e práticas pedagógicas no ensino de ciências da natureza explicitam a necessidade de que a temática da educação inclusiva seja contemplada nos currículos dos cursos de licenciatura, estabelecendo relação entre a teoria e a prática educacional e destacando a mediação docente como eixo central para o processo educativo de todos os estudantes; assim como é necessário que os futuros professores de ciências conheçam as possibilidades de criação de redes de apoio e de produção de materiais didáticos acessíveis.
2.ª TERTÚLIA NADA SOBRE NÓS SEM NÓS:
Authors: Machado Bárbara Alves Branco , Collares da Silva Juliana , Da Silva Lima Martins Claudete , Brizolla Francéli
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho tem como tema discutir a acessibilidade, em uma perspectiva inclusiva, para eventos com pessoas com deficiência, dando principal atenção para o momento de pausa para lanche, o coffee break, proveniente da 2ª Tertúlia Nada Sobre Nós Sem Nós, evento promovido pelo grupo de pesquisa e extensão INCLUSIVE. O evento foi realizado na Universidade Federal do Pampa. O objetivo da investigação é discutir sobre inclusão e acessibilidade pelo viés de uma das ações ou atividades realizadas no evento, o coffee break. A justificativa é o fato do evento é protagonizado por pessoas com deficiência dentro do movimento Nada Sobre Nós Sem Nós, em razão disso é necessário pensar todos os momentos do evento em uma perspectiva inclusiva, inclusive o intervalo para a alimentação. Para coleta de dados, utilizamos o Google Forms e o Whatsapp. A análise foi realizada através da Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2009). Os resultados revelaram que ocorreu acessibilidade durante o evento no coffee break. Compreendemos que “fazer inclusão” é, antes de qualquer coisa, se rever e fazer o processo de olhar para dentro de nós, tentando identificar em que medida nós reforçamos muitas vezes os estereótipos e os paradigmas, que minimizam as pessoas com deficiência.
Financial sustainability: An annotated bibliography
Authors: Kakati Shivam , Roy Arup
Published: October 2021

The literature on financial sustainability is scattered in such a way that a synthesis is indispensable. The present study on an annotated bibliography of financial sustainability seeks to fill this particular gap by presenting a collation of published literature in the sphere. The sectorial analysis depicted that ability to cover the costs from its own resources and ability to pay debt were the key dimensions to measure financial sustainability. The majority of the studies were found in the public sector covering local governments and central governments particularly in such European countries as Spain, Italy and England. Earning enough resources, asset sustainability and the ability to repay obligations are the three dimensions to assess financial sustainability. The study also pointed out the key research areas, variables and analytical tools among other trends in the literature. The present study assists the future researchers in reviewing the literature on financial sustainability and developing research methodology.
Metabolite profiling and antioxidant capacity of lettuce Lactuca sativa var. longifolia grown in aquaponic system irrigated with shrimp effluents
Authors: Ramos-Sotelo Humberto , Pérez-Ramírez Iza Fernanda , Figueroa-Pérez Marely Graciela , Fierro-Sañudo Juan Francisco , León-Cañedo Jesús Armando , Alarcón-Silvas Suammy Gabriela , Reyes-Moreno Cuauhtémoc , Páez-Osuna Federico
Published: October 2021

This paper focuses on the quality of lettuce var. longifolia grown with shrimp effluents from well water (WW), diluted seawater (DSW) and a hydroponic solution (HS). Results evidenced that WW and DSW effluents slightly decreased weight, foliage, and yield (5-9%) in plants compared to HS control. Furthermore, WW-lettuce showed a higher level of total phenolic compounds (~71%), flavonoids (~90%), and antioxidant capacity (0.7-3-folds) than HS-plants, mainly in the soluble fraction. WW-lettuce also showed a higher content of total soluble solids (~16%) and, a lower saturation of color, which correlated significantly (p <0.05) with chlorophyll a. WW-lettuce exhibited the highest concentrations of p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids, as well as quercetin 3-O-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-ramnoside. Whereas DSW-lettuce showed the highest levels of caffeic acid, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol and quercetin. HS-lettuce showed a higher proline content than the lettuces from the other treatments. These results indicate that aquaponic lettuce culture with shrimp effluent from WW could be used as an alternative culture system to reduce land area requirements, decrease or eliminate the discharge and impact of shrimp effluents, and simultaneously improve the functional properties of lettuce.
Changes in Beta-Carotene, Ascorbic Acid and Sensory Properties in Fermented, Solar-Dried and Stored Cowpea Leaf Vegetables
Authors:   University of Nairobi, Muchoki Charity N. , Imungi Jasper K. , O.L Peter
Published: October 2021

This study was conducted to determine the effect of fermentation, solar drying and packaging on the nutritional, sensory and keeping properties of cowpea leaf vegetables. The cowpea leaves were purchased from the local markets, sorted to remove the blemished, leaves and foreign materials, washed in running tap water then drained. The vegetables were divided into three batches of 16kg. One batch was heat treated in hot water for 3 minutes then cooled to ambient temperatures, drained and solar-dried. The second portion was acidified to a pH of 3.8, heat-treated, and then solar dried. The third portion was fermented for 21 days, heat-treated, and then solar dried. The three batches of vegetables were spread at different times on drying trays at the rate of 4kg/m2 and dried in a solar drier to approximate moisture content of 10%. The dried vegetables were packaged in either polyethylene bags or Kraft company paper bags and stored for three months at 18o C, 22o - 26o C or 32o C. Fermentation, heat-treating and drying of vegetables retained substantial levels of the vitamins: beta-carotene 91% and ascorbic acid 15%. Storage of the dried vegetables led to loss in both vitamins. The retention of beta-carotene and ascorbic acid at the end of storage, were 23% - 52% and 4% - 7% respectively, depending on storage conditions. Samples stored at 32o C had the highest losses, while those stored at 18o C had the lowest in both vitamins. Samples stored in Kraft paper bags had the highest losses in both vitamins. The duration and temperature of storage and the packaging material did not have significant effect on the sensory attributes of the dried vegetables. Increased acceptability of the fermented-dried vegetables in rural communities would assist in alleviating micronutrient malnutrition, help in dealing with the issue of seasonality and increase food security especially during the dry season.
Utilization and Medicinal Value of Indigenous Leafy Vegetables Consumed in Urban and Peri-Urban Nairobi
Authors:   Kenyatta University, Kimiywe Judith , Waudo Judith , Mbithe Dorcus , Maundu Patrick ,   Bioversity Internationa
Published: October 2021

Indigenous African leafy vegetables have recently been attracting research attention not only in terms of their inherent nutrition quality but also the healing power of some of these plants. Diversification of diets through increased utilization and consumption of these vegetables would go along way in alleviating hidden hunger and malnutrition. The main objective of this survey was to determine the consumption patterns and medicinal use of indigenous African leafy vegetables by the residents of urban and peri -urban Nairobi. A descriptive cross -sectional survey was conducted and the survey subjects included populations from all socio -economic strata and income levels. Probability proportional to size stratified sampling was used to select a representative sample of 800 households (600 urban and 200 peri -urban). Data were collected through structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and an observation checklist guide. A picture guide consisting of all foods available on the Nairobi markets was prepared, and used by the researchers to help the respondents to identify the vegetables they consumed. Ethnic origin was found to greatly influence consumption of indigenous African leafy vegetables. There was no significant relationship between household income and education level and choice or use of indigenous leafy vegetables. Some of the reasons for not consuming the vegetables included prohibitive costs and not knowing how to cook them especially those from other tribes. More than 60 percent of the respondents reported that the vegetables had a medicinal value attached to it and some were said to cure more than one disease. About half of those who used them also said the vegetables were healthy. It was concluded that dietary diversity of indigenous African leafy vegetables in addition to providing essential nutrients presumably offers broad benefits to health. The findings support interventions to promote use of indigenous African leafy vegetables as a food - based initiative towards alleviation of micronutrient deficiencies and poverty through premium value addition incentive strategies.
THE CONCEPT OF IMÂM IN SHIA IMAMIYYAH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Adinugraha Hendri Hermawan , Zayadi Ahmad , Ulama’i Ahmad Hasan Asy’ari
Published: October 2021

Khilâfah and imâmah are two terms which are sometimes interpreted equally, that is referring to the meaning of leadership. The term of khilâfah is more widely known to be used to the leadership’s term in the Sunni, whereas imâmah is more widely used in the Shiites world of Islam. This article was a literature research that discusses the concept of imâmah in the perspective of Shia Imamiyyah. The analysis technique in this study uses content analysis. The purpose of this article is to describe the political developments among the Shiites that culminate in the concept of imâmah as can be witnessed in Iran until now. The results show that wilâyah al-faqîh which was founded by Imam Khomeini after the Islamic Revolution of Iran has been a form of Islamic government led by a fair and capable faqîh in guiding the ummah. The faqîh leadership model still exists in the Islamic Republic of Iran as a form of a mixture of democracy and religious views. So it can be said that wilâyah al-faqîh was a pilot that politics and religion can be unitedin guiding mankind.

[Khilâfah dan imâmah adalah dua istilah yang terkadang dimaknai sama, yaitu merujuk pada makna kepemimpinan. Istilah khilâfah lebih dikenal luas digunakan untuk istilah kepemimpinan di Sunni, sedangkan istilah imâmah lebih banyak digunakan di dunia Islam Syiah. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian literatur yang membahas tentang konsep imâmah dalam perspektif Syiah Imamiyah. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis isi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perkembangan politik di kalangan Syiah yang berujung pada konsep imâmah seperti yang dapat disaksikan hingga saat ini di Iran. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa wilâyah al-faqîh yang didirikan oleh Imam Khomeini pasca Revolusi Islam Iran merupakan bentuk pemerintahan Islam yang dipimpin oleh seorang faqîh yang adil dan cakap dalam membimbing umat. Model kepemimpinan faqîh masih ada di Republik Islam Iran sebagai bentuk campuran antara demokrasi dan pandangan agama, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa wilâyah al-faqîh merupakan percontohan bahwa politik dan agama dapat dipersatukan dalam membimbing umat manusia]