bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sintesis Selulosa Asetat Dari Limbah Kertas HVS Dengan Variasi Temperature dan Waktu Hidrolisis
Authors: Hasriani Dila , Adriana Adriana , Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: October 2024

Cellulose acetate can be made by utilizing raw materials that contain cellulose, one of which is waste paper. It has been reviewed that waste paper still contains high cellulose. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in temperature and reaction time on cellulose acetate products in the hydrolysis process. The method used in this research is cellulose activation, acetylation and hydrolysis with the steps taken include preparation of raw materials, delignification and purification of cellulose acetate. The synthesis of cellulose acetate was carried out by adding glacial acetic acid to the delignified paper, then adding acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid in the acetylation process to produce triacetate cellulose products, then the product was reacted with water to reduce the degree of substitution so that the resulting product was cellulose diacetate. The temperature variations used are 30, 40, 50 and 60 oC with time variations of 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. The product is then filtered and washed until neutral using distilled water. The resulting cellulose acetate was then analyzed for acetyl content, degree of substitution, and FTIR test. From the results of the research, the best acetyl levels and degrees of substitution were obtained at a temperature of 60 C and a time of 180 minutes, namely 39.46% and DS 2.42. The characteristics of cellulose acetate with FTIR of the functional group indicated the presence of cellulose acetate compounds with a sharp peak in the C = O ester group of the acetyl group with a wave number of 1622.13 cm-1 and the appearance of an O-H group from cellulose with a wave number of 3549 cm-1 and 3404. cm-1. Cellulose acetate produced from this research is a solid like white flour
Pembuatan Gel Pengharum Ruangan Menggunakan Karagenan Dan Xanthan Gum Dengan Minyak Nilam Sebagai Fiksatif Dan Minyak Kopi Sebagai Pewangi
Authors: Humaira Ziaul , Suryani Suryani , Munawar Munawar
Published: October 2024

The manufacture of air freshener gel using carrageenan and xanthan gum with patchouli oil as a fixative and coffee oil as a fragrance has been carried out, with carrageenan and xanthan gum content contained in a ratio of 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30as a gel base. With the addition of coffee oil which has a concentration variation of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the composition of the mixture of carrageenan and xanthan gum on the characteristics of air freshener gel, patchouli oil as a fixative and coffee as a fragrance. From the best results, it was found that the best characteristics were found in G4 with ratio of carrageenan and xanthan gum 60:40. From the result of organoleptic test, it was found that the most preferred oil concentration was K3 with 5% coffee oil concentration. From the result of the liquid evaporation test at room temperature, the best result were N1 with 1% patchouli oil concentration, in the fan room the best results were N4 with 4% patchouli oil concentration and in the AC room the best results were N4 with 4% patchouli oil concentration. Meanwhile, the best fragrance resistance test results were found in N3 with a concertation of 3% patchouli oil
Modification of Gelatin by Ciprofloxacin for Industrial Applications
Authors:   Middle Technical University, Baghdad, S. Ahmed Dina , Abdalla Mustafa ,   Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Al-Ani Ahmed ,   Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Yousif Emad ,   Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad
Published: October 2024

Generally, gelatin resulting from collagen, a naturally occurring protein found in ligaments and tissues, is formed through the boiling of connective tissues, bones and animal skins, commonly sourced from cows. It has exceptional properties, including the ability to form strong, transparent gels and flexible films, easy digestibility, solubility in hot water and positive binding action, make gelatin a highly valuable resource in various industries such as food processing, pharmaceuticals, photography and paper production. It is regarded as non-toxic, non-degradable and biocompatible material. In this study we modified gelatin by ciprofloxacin compound, specifically we aimed gelatin to be used in different industries specifically in food packaging, then the synthesized materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), the surface was imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) furthermore, surface morphology was measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Overall, all analysis techniques confirmed the modification by the presence of ciprofloxacin coordinated with the gelatin molecule.
Computational Modelling and Comparative Analysis of aSchiff Base Ligand and Its Analog as Inhibitors Against Mild Steel Corrosion in 1M HCl
Authors:   University of Uyo, Uyo-520003, Akwa Ibom State, Ozoemena Chimezie Peter , Boekom Ekerete Jackson ,   University of Uyo, Uyo-520003, Akwa Ibom State, Akpan Godwin J ,   Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Asuquo Itohowo Gabriel ,   Akwa Ibom State College of Education, Afaha Nsit, Etinan, Akwa Ibom State, Edet Essien Kufre ,   Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Akwa Ibom, Jacob Abai Ekaete ,   Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua. Ikot Ekpene
Published: October 2024

Schiff bases, alternative anticorrosive additive wassynthesized, characterized and investigated for the inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1M Hydrochloric acid at concentrations of 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm and 100 ppm using weight loss (WL) and electrochemical methods. The novel Schiff base ligands obtained were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The elemental analysis data for the Schiff base ligands were used to confirm the general formula of the Schiff bases. Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy provided evidence of formation of a complex surface film due to adsorption of the Schiff bases on the mild steel surface. Maximum inhibition efficiency for Schiff base ligand 1 (SBL1) and Schiff base ligand 2 (SBL2) obtained were respectively 76.92% and 86.21% at concentrationof100ppm,andthetrendfollowedSBL2>SBL1, indicating the effectiveness of SBL2 in corrosion prevention as compared SBL1. Potentiodynamic polarization(PDP) measurements showed that the Schiff bases acted as mixed type inhibitors. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic (EIS) measurement revealed that the corrosion process was controlled by charge transfer process. Inhibition efficiency values obtained from the different techniques were comparable. Quantum chemical parameters such as highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO) and energy gap (ΔE) were obtained using Hartree-fock Density Functional Theory by Hamiltonian method. The results showed that SBL2 was more reactive than SBL1. In conclusion, the inhibition of mild steel corrosion was due to adsorption of active molecules leading to formation of a protective layer on surface of mild steel.
Safely Managed Barbeque Use of Charcoal as Traditional Renewable Energy
Authors:   Tokyo University of Science, Akitsu Takashiro
Published: October 2024

While coal is a fossil fuel, traditional charcoal is an inherently renewable energy source. In addition to fuel, charcoal can also be used as a functional material such as adsorbents and catalysts. Charcoal is still used for heating in safe cooking situations, such as barbecues. However, in recent years in Japan, there have been many cases of barbecue fire accidents. This study is a case study in which the author experimented with charcoal (made from Malaysian mangroves) barbecue using a safe method within an established facility. Based on past fire incidents, the main causes are the ignition of liquid or fluid combustion aids, the spread of sparks bythe wind, and insufficient trailing fire. In this case study, under calm wind conditions (artificially fanning at an appropriate level of strength), using a solid firelighter, and collecting used and extinguished charcoal ash in a metal container, these three points was found to be important for safety fire management in barbeque.
Development of an Orthosis to Compensate VolumetricDysmetria of Feet
Authors:   Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Peixoto Carla , Magalhães Peixoto ,   Polytechnic Institute of Porto
Published: October 2024

The concept of symmetry applied to the two halves of the human body has been the subject of reflection by anatomists. One of the most common inequalities is dysmetry of the lower limbs (LL), especially the legs and/or feet. In the case of a height difference in the legs, if it is very pronounced, it is necessary to develop strategies capable of correcting or reducing its impact on the quality of life of people who live with it daily. A rare type of dysmetria is the volumetric difference of the feet, not accompanied by changes in the length of the legs. In these cases, filling with conventional orthopedic insoles to improve the fixation of the foot inside the shoe is completely inappropriate because it slightly increases the length of the respective lower limb, which is reflected in changes in the spine that can degenerate into severe scoliosis. To solve these problems, a volumetric compensation orthosis applicable to this type of situation was developed. Using modern three-dimensional scanning and 3D printing techniques, an orthosis was customized for placement inside the shoes of an individual with this volumetric anomaly. To ensure walking comfort, a common flexible material (TPU) was chosen, and the printing parameters were studied based on feedback given by the user. As a measure of the effectiveness of the developed product and to analyze the effect produced, tests were carried out to compare gait patterns before and after the correction was established. The results found showed an approximation to standard gait patterns, a considerable improvement in the fixation of the foot inside the shoe and an interchangeability that allows the use of the orthosis in any type of footwear, such as classic shoes, boots or sneakers.
Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Transmissible Diseases
Authors:   Al-Qalam University, Sani Halliru Bawale , Wada Nuraddeen ,   Al-Qalam University, Mahmoud Dogara Abdulrahman ,   Tishk International University, Abdullahi Mahmud Aisha ,   Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Danladi Musa Daniel ,   Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Labaran Isah ,   Federal polytechnic Mubi, Danlami Hussaini ,   Kaduna State University
Published: October 2024

Herbal medicine, as an ancient traditional medical method, predates the establishment of contemporary healthcare systems within human culture. Globally, several groups develop their own indigenous forms of medicine and corresponding methodologies for treating and enhancing overall well-being. The research presents a comprehensive ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the treatment of transmissible diseases in Katsina State. A random selection technique was employed in conjunction with an open-ended interview guide over the period spanning from October 2022 to June 2023. The demographic information of the respondents was ascertained using Excel 2016. Quantitatively, the documented plants were subjected to analysis based on their Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC). This study identified 26 medicinal plants used in the administration and treatment of various transmissible diseases in the northern Nigerian state of Katsina. Moringa oleifera (28%) is the most frequently reported plant, followed by Olea Europaea (24%) and Azadirachta indica (20%). Leaves were the most frequently used part of the plants (69%), common method of preparation is decoction (65%). As their popularity and recognition expanded throughout the world, plants with medical potential remain the sole hope for the future. According to the current study, people of Katsina citizens had a solid awareness of the medicinal plant. Even with the progress of contemporary medicine, the people in the area still depend on using traditional plants for medical purposes.
Removal of Phenols fromSynthetic Wastewater byHorseradish Peroxidase(HRP)
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Md Salleh Nurul Zakiah , Othman Siti Amira ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: October 2024

Plant peroxidase has a solid potential to remove phenol from wastewater. However, large-scale use of these enzymes for phenol removal requires a source of cheap, abundant, and easily accessible peroxidase-containing material. In this study, the horseradish peroxidase(HRP)removes the phenolic compound from the phenolic environment. The enzymatic method was used to show a reduction of toxicity between the treated and untreated phenolic solution. The HRP, with the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), reacted with the phenolic compound and produced a treated solution containing about 20% of phenol compared to the initial acidic solution. The concentration of the treated solution was then determined using UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. The effects of treating the acidic solution with HRPenzyme and H2O2were studied. The HRPenzyme decreases the amount of phenol present in an acidic solution by 80 %. The most effective concentrations for treating the acidic solution were HRPat 1.0 M and 1.0 M of H2O2at neutral pH.
Protective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Piper nigrumWhole Fruits Against Tramadol-induced Hepato-and Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors:   Al-Hikmah University, Nurudeen Quadri Olaide , Abdullahi Sulyman ,   Al-Hikmah University, Falana Mansurat Bolanle ,   Al-Hikmah University, Asunmi Muhammed Robiu ,   Al-Hikmah University, Dikwa Muhammad Ali ,   Federal University Nigeria, Oweh Oghenetega ThankGod ,   Kaduna State University
Published: October 2024

Tramadol, a widely used analgesic, is becoming more abused in most countries. Hence, this study aims to investigate the protective effects of aqueous extract of Piper nigrum whole fruits on tramadol-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats. Six groups (A-F) of male Wistar rats were exposed to a 14-day oral treatment. Specifically, the control group, induced group (tramadol at 60 mg/kg), reference drug group (Vitamin C at 250 mg/kg) and the extract groups (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). The levels of liver cellular markers ALT, AST and ALP as well as the kidney function parameters (urea, creatinine and uric acid) showed a significant(p<0.05) increase following the administration of 60 mg/kg of tramadol and a significant reversal was observedfollowing the administration of extract in a dose dependent manner. However, K+and HCO3-showed a significant(p<0.05) decrease and were also reversed following the administration of extract in a dose dependent manner. Tramadol also showed a significant(p<0.05) increase inthe concentration of WBC and LYM, and a significant(p< 0.05) decrease inthe levels of RBC, HGB, HCT, RDW-SD, RDW-CV, and MPV. The reference drug and the extract showed significant (p< 0.05) reversal inthe levels of these biochemical parameters. Histological examination revealed normal liver and kidneyarchitecture in all groups, indicating no signs of inflammation or damage. These findings revealed that the aqueousextracts from whole fruits of P. nigrum at concentrations of 250 and 500 and 1000 mg/kg may potentially offer protection and general improvement in the overall health status and function of the hematopoietic system.
Federated Learning Based Enhanced FedBA with MobileNet Convolutional Neural Network for the Identification of Columnar Cactus
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Ali Khan Muhammad Numan , Haji Mohd Mohd Norzali ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Khan Fawad Salam ,   Air University, binti Ab Rahman Tasiransurini ,   CONVSYS (Pvt) Ltd
Published: October 2024

With the advancementin artificialintelligence(AI)technology and Internet of Things (IoT) growing popularity, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as IoT devices is also being studied. However, privacy issues and limited communication resources restrict the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising approach for training machine learning models on decentralized devices while maintaining data privacy and reducing the communication costs. To aggregate the model on the server-side FL server uses various aggregation algorithms. One such promising aggregation algorithm is FedBA for non-identically and independently distributed (non-IID) data via UAVs. However, despite its advantages, FedBA may face challenges related to convergence speed, robustness to malicious clients, and overall efficiency. To solve these challenges, this study presents an FL model aggregation technique in which clients and servers communicate parameters as opposed to data, thereby enhancing privacy, and reducing communication costs UAVs images. This research proposes enhancements to the FedBA algorithm aimed at addressing these challenges and improving its performance. The method proposes federated learning based enhanced FedBA with MobileNet Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the identification of columnar cactus in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley of Mexico. Using a public dataset of over 20,000 remote sensing images, the suggested model is evaluated and found to be superior to InceptionV3 and modified MobileNet CNN. The key contributions of this work include the introduction of momentum for faster convergence, adaptive learning rates for better optimization and model aggregation clipping to prevent extreme updates. The proposed FL framework mitigates the issue of slow convergence and communication cost for non-IID data from UAVs. Enhanced FedBA more effective than typical FL algorithms. The classification accuracy before aggregation is 95% and improved to 97% after aggregation.
Development and Evaluation of an Augmented Reality Chiller System SimulatorforTVET Teaching
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Abdul Jalil Muhammad Zuhairi , Razali Nizamuddin ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Abdul Rahman Khairul Anuar ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Rahim Mohd Bekri ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Abd Samad Noorazman ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hussin Azman ,   Dr Pakar Aircond Sdn Bhd
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the potential of augmented reality (AR) technology to enhance teaching quality in courses on water cooled chillers and air-cooled chillers. It addresses the critical need for more interactive and engaging learning experiences, particularly for students in skills-based institutions who often exhibit a preference for visual and kinesthetic learning styles. Highlighting the importance of diversifying teaching methods, this research aims to improve student engagement and deepen their understanding of complex subject matter. Utilizing the ADDIE design model, the study develops an AR simulator and assesses its effectiveness through a questionnaire distributed to students from three vocational colleges. A descriptive analysis method was employed to evaluate the data, with the research instrument demonstrating a high reliability value (α = 0.890). The findings reveal significant levels of perceived usefulness (M = 4.34), ease of use (M = 4.36), and positive attitudes (M = 4.25) towards the AR simulator. Consequently, the study concludes that AR technology is highly accepted among vocational college students, recommending the broader incorporation of AR technology in vocational education to enhance the efficacy of the teaching and learning process.
Improving English Foreign Language (EFL)Performance using Artificial Intelligence inVocational Education and Training (VET)
Authors:   Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, SPAIN, de-la-Peña Cristina , Roda-Segarra Jacobo ,   Universitat de Valencia, SPAIN, Chaves-Yuste Beatriz ,   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, SPAIN
Published: October 2024

Internationalisationis one of the strategies for improving the technical qualifications and employability of trainers in initial and continuing vocational educationand training. It is based on the full development of linguistic competence in a foreign language such as English, which is influenced by various factors, including affective factors. Currently, one resource for detecting poorperformance in English is artificial intelligence to the extent thatit can predict academic performance. This research aimsto predict performance in English as a foreign language based on affective variables such as willingness to communicate orally in English, self-efficacy and English language anxiety. The experimental result shows that the predictionmodel trained with a decision tree algorithm (J48) provides the best data for predicting performance in English in terms ofaccuracy = 0.74, precision = 0.70, recall = 0.678 and F-score = 0.68. Analysingthe influenceof the variables and eliminating the data for the affective variable willingness to communicate orally in English yields the best accuracy = 0.76. This finding has relevant practical implications for the early identification of underachievement in Englishand for personalisingeducational interventionsto improve learning and performance in English as a foreign language among vocational education and training students.
Readiness to Implement Project-Based Learning: The Influence of Knowledge and Attitude among Community College Lecturers
Authors:   Higher Education, Putrajaya, Ealangov Suganti , Jamaludin Khairul Azhar ,   National University of Malaysia
Published: October 2024

Implementing project-based learning (PjBL) at community colleges can result in highly competent and competitive students. However, due to a lack of research, the level of readiness among community college lecturers to apply PjBL remains an issue. As a result, the aim of this study is to establish the level of readiness among community college lecturers in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and skills to implement PjBL. This study also seeks to ascertain the influence of knowledge and attitude factors on community college lecturers' ability to execute PjBL. This study was carried out using a quantitative approach and a survey design. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The study sample included 400 community college lecturers who were chosen using a stratified convenience sampling approach. Descriptive analysis was used to examine the mean scores of knowledges, attitude, and skills in implementing PjBL, while inference analysis using multiple regression tests was used to determine the contribution of knowledge and attitude variables to PjBL implementation skills. Both analyses were carried out using the SPSS Statistics for Windows 26.0 programme. The findings showthat community college lecturers are highly prepared to apply PjBL. Overall, the knowledge and attitude variables contributed 64.1% to the skills in applying PjBL, with the knowledge factor having a larger effect than the attitude factor. The findings have an impact on lecturers in terms of preparedness and aid management in understanding the factors that influence lecturers' readiness. This understanding is crucial for planning and delivering appropriate support services to lecturers in their professionaldevelopment.
Vocational Education Practices for Empowerment of Vulnerable Students in Lithuania and Latvia: The Pedagogical and Institutional Factors
Authors:   Vytautas Magnus University, Daukilas Sigitas , Gedvilienė Genutė ,   University of Latvia, Sloka Biruta ,   University of Latvia, Buligina Ilze ,   University of Latvia, Anužis Aivaras ,   St Ignatius Loyola College
Published: October 2024

This article aims to describe the institutional and pedagogical factorsof vocational education and training (VET)provider practices targeted to empower vulnerable students to learn and be employed in Lithuania and Latvia. The research methodology and design are based onthecomparative study approach involving desk research, case studies and by applying focus group interviews with representatives of the VET institutions’ teaching, support and administrative staff. The research revealed the central role of VET teachers and other teaching staff members in empowering at-risk VET students, as well as the issue of staffing levels and building capacity needs when empowering an increasing volume of at-risk students in VET schools. These schools seek to empower students by abandoning standardization and the narrow specialization of skills and increasingthe use of the individual approach in pedagogical practices. Emphasis is placed on expanding the scope and individualization of the applied pedagogical practices for at-risk students. Increased attention is being paid to the living conditions of at-risk students outside school; addressing students’ social problems, the development of key skills and attitudes, coaching and methods of individual co-operation.
Model of Training Learning Based on Video Tutorial for Fashion Major of Vocational Education on Embroidery Course
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Padang, Yuliarma  , Sunarya Yan Yan ,   Institut Teknologi Bandung, Kudiya Komarudin ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung, Rasul Muhammad Sattar ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Novitra Fuja ,   Novitra
Published: October 2024

Students' difficulties in understanding innovative design concepts in fashion major of vocational education require a learning model that has a balance between theory and practice to facilitate understanding and improve students' practical skills. This study aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective training learning model based on video tutorials on Minangkabau embroidery learning material. The research is a design and development research (DDR) using the ADDIE framework. The research subjects involved experts namely media experts, learning material experts, design experts, and learning experts to assess the validity of the learning model, and the experimental subjects involved fashion major of vocational education on undergraduate students. Data collection in the study was carried out using questionnaires, learning achievement tests, and observation sheets. The results indicate a significant contribution to enhancing the cognitive, affective, skill, and attitude abilities of Fashion Education undergraduate students. These results also indicate that this model meets the criteria of valid, practical, and effective. The implications of these findings underscore the potential positive impact of the developed tutorial model on the overall learning experience and outcomes in fashion education.
The Impact of Work-Based Learning on Graduate’s Job Performance: Insights from School-in-Factory (SiF) Project
Authors:   Technische Universität Dortmund, Schlattmann Siriphorn , Chaiyong Patcharee ,   Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Moonpa Niwat ,   Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna
Published: October 2024

The School-in-Factory (SiF)is a pilot project for implementingdual technical and vocational education and training in Thailand by using a Work-based Learning approach with the combination of learning and working in the real process of work through the collaboration between the private company and educational institute. This study aims to evaluate the output and outcome of the SiF project by analyzing the program completion rate and the impact of the SiF project on the graduates' job performance in the labour market. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative data is collected from official project records. The qualitative data is collected by using an open-ended.Itis found that 85%of the learners from the year 2017-2020successfully completed the SiF program (100 out of 117 learners). The impact of the SiF program has mostly contributed to the development ofsubject-oriented competence, that is technical knowledge and skills of the learners. The graduates reported that the SiF program has a positive impact on their performance where knowledge of the work process, ability to adapt to the workplace, and valuable work experience gained during training are the most valued impact. Moreover, from the perspective of the employers, the employees who graduated from the SiF program have shown their competencies in technical proficiency and job professional behaviour, constructive communication and expression, teamwork, job-related problem-solving skills. The results of the study stressed the importance of work-based learning where training at the company and learning attheclassroom are combined, like the SiF program, to support learnercompetency development. The SiF program has shown a strong collaboration with the private company partner in implementing work-based learning in Thailand. Further studies should be conducted to find out the financial benefits of the project.
The Syllabi of Portuguese Apprenticeship Courses and Opportunities to Access Higher Education: Critical Perspectives of IVET Students
Authors:   University of Porto, Doroftei Alexandra , da Silva Sofia Marques ,   University of Porto
Published: October 2024

In Portugal, Initial Vocational Education and Training (IVET) has a negative public image, which is partly due to perceptions about course syllabi and the low number of former IVET students who go on to higher education. We aimed to analyse the perspectives of IVET students on the syllabi of a Portuguese IVET modality, specifically the apprenticeship courses. Our focus was on the knowledge conveyed in the sociocultural and scientific components, as well as the possibility of accessing higher education. The analysis was made within the framework of Michael Young’s “powerful knowledge” and McGregor’s “meaningful education” concepts. Data analysis was based on 54 semi-structured interviews with apprenticeship course students from nine training centres in northern Portugal. A deductive-inductive content analysis supported by NVivo software was used. The knowledge acquired in the apprenticeship courses is compared with its counterpart of general upper secondary education. The results point out that overall, the participants mention that they find the subjects of the sociocultural and scientific components of the apprenticeship courses’ syllabi to be easy, simplified, and summarised. These features discourage some students who expect to extend their knowledge. For others, the applicability of the knowledge acquired to “real life” is valued. As far as access to higher education is concerned, some students are aware that the knowledge acquired in the courses hampers their ability to take the national access exams, while others are not aware of these constraints. Paying for private lessons to study for the exams is a mentioned possibility. In conclusion, apprenticeship courses’ sociocultural and scientific syllabi are based on a very low academic level, comparable to that of lower secondary education. This levelling down impairs students to perform well in the national exams that give access to higher education. A real equivalence of knowledge between the sociocultural and scientific components of apprenticeship courses and the general component of general education would be beneficial for that. It could also promote greater parity of esteem between vocational and general education, lessening the negative perception of IVET that persists in Portugal.
Assessing the Psychological Well-being of TVET Stakeholders: Implications for Sustainable Workforce Development
Authors:   Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya, Azizan Norazizah , Omar Anis Fathirah ,   Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya, Muhamad Yusof Muhamad Ashman ,   Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya, Mehat Nur Diana ,   Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya, Rahah Hamidi Saidatul ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA
Published: October 2024

The psychological well-being of the community is crucial for sustaining a productive and effective workforce. However, there is limited research on integrating well-being into Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) strategies to improve community well-being, specifically psychological and mental health. The purpose of this study is to assess psychological well-being across five domains: positive emotions, negative emotions, life satisfaction, psychological functioning, and social well-being, besides to emphasizing wellbeing and TVET sustainability. Data were collected from 3062 civil officials in the Ministry of Rural and Regional Development (KKDW) by using random sampling methods, using the Malaysian Psychological Well-being Index (IKPM). Findings reveal a moderate level of composite index of psychological well-being among civil servants that includes policymakers and instructors of TVET. These results underscore the need for specific interventions to enhance civil servants' well-being. Improving the psychological well-being index can aid in designing and managing TVET programs, leading to better educational outcomes and workforce development. Implementing personalized programs targeting various well-being areas could significantly improve mental health, fostering a more supportive and productive work environment. Additionally, developing detailed civil servant profiles to identify individuals or groups needing precise psychological interventions is planned. Integrating well-being into TVET initiatives can further enhance psychological well-being by equipping TVET stakeholders with the necessary skills and knowledge to perform their roles effectively, thereby increasing job satisfaction and reducing stress levels. These findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions to improve the overall well-being of TVET for sustainable growth.
Innovative Strategies for Enhancing Construction Project Performance
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Yahya Mohd Yamani , Abdullahi Abba Waziri ,   Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Md Yassin Azlina ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Omar Roshartini ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Sarpin Norliana ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Orbintang Rolyselra ,   University of Technology Sarawak
Published: October 2024

Enhancing the performance of construction projects is crucial since Nigeria's construction industry has seen a drop in project quality, which is frequently attributed to poor planning, poor execution, and the involvement of unskilled workers. Numerous problems have resulted from this trend, including project delays, financial overruns, inferior results, and even project cancellation. In order to address this issue, this study set out to find and suggest methods for improving the performance of construction projects in Nigeria. A structured quantitative technique was used to accomplish this goal, and 150 participants from the Nigerian construction industry, including architects, quantity surveyors, civil engineers, and project managers, were given questionnaires to complete. The study produced 110 valid replies, which were then examined using the SPSS version 23.0 statistical package for social science. The survey's findings identified seven essential strategies that enhance Nigeria's building project performance. These strategies include efficient contract oversight, high workmanship standards, strict specification compliance, robust monitoring and control, comprehensive safety training, methodical planning and scheduling, timely project completion. The study also suggests project stakeholders step up their efforts to assure schedule adherence, reduce fluctuation claims, and put in place efficient monitoring and feedback processes to ensure compliance with project specifications. These suggestions are meant to boost overall project performance and revitalise the Nigerian construction sector.
Applying Organisational Support Lenses for Employee Retention: The Role of Supervisor Support and Compensation Fairness
Authors:   Al-Hikmah University, Oladimeji Kazeem Adebayo
Published: October 2024

Employee retention is critical, yet organisations face challenging talent markets and increasing turnover costs from departing staff. This study examines drivers of retention for professional workers to isolate actionable focus areas for organisations. Drawing on organisational support theory, perceived organisational support, compensation fairness, and quality leader-member exchange relationships are hypothesized to reduce turnover intentions. Survey data from a sample of 120 employees analysed using PLS-SEM, confirmed perceived organisational support as the strongest predictor, followed by compensation equity and supervisor support. All three fulfil socioemotional needs that build affective commitment and loyalty when present. Practical recommendations center on monitoring support perceptions through pulse surveys, purposeful communications conveying care for employees, and leader training on nurturing developmental relationships. Investing in perceived support elements represents a high-yield, affordable retention strategy. These findings refine broader retention drivers, spotlighting the centrality of care and inclusion assurances for anchoring talent. Limitations around generalizability and cross-sectional data point to useful future research directions.
Socio-Economic Determinants of Pan-African Digital Payments Among Small Marketing Businesses
Authors:   College of Management Sciences, A.O Oloveze , O.U Oteh ,   College of Management Sciences, R.O Obasi ,   College of Management Sciences, K Chukwuoyims ,   Alex Ekwueme Federal University, O.V Onya ,   Alex Ekwueme Federal University, N.I Ibok ,   AkwaIbom State University
Published: October 2024

Several studies have focused on factors that influence adoption of innovation. Studies demonstrate that all innovations are not the same with innovations serving as units of analysis in most cases. However, the dearth of empirical literature, the focus of studies on the adoption of innovation by SME owners in southwest Nigeria, and the COVID-19 pandemic effect on SMEs provide a direction for this study in southeast Nigeria. Therefore, the study concentrated on the socio-economic determinants of small marketing businesses on intention to adopt PAPSS in Abia State and Anambra State. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from 369 small marketing business owners in different ventures in Abia State and Anambra State. Logistic regression was used to analyse the data. The results demonstrate that gender, education, type of business and experience are significant and have odd ratios of occurrence while experience has the most direct and significant likelihood to occur with additional experience. Therefore, the understanding of the socio-economic factors provides a direction on intention to adopt PAPSS and subsequent adoption.
A Mean-Variance Approach to Portfolio Optimisation for Effective Stock Selection in the Malaysian Stock Market
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Dasril Yosza , Mahendran Harveend ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Muslim Much Aziz ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Muzanah Rini ,   Department of Computer Science
Published: October 2024

Optimization of portfolio selection is very important for overall financial engineering performance. Recent developments in portfolio selection have been developed by many researchers. However, many studies show that prediction with manual models is not enough to achieve highly accurate predictions and prosperous returns. In this paper, a novel portfolio construction approach is developed using the mean-variance (MV) model and maximizing the Sharpe ratio for selecting the best portfolio. The approach model is by choosing the best ratio from the comparison between optimal return and annual standard deviation. Experimental data was taken from the Malaysian Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2020, from several securities the ten most active securities were selected. The purpose of this study is to assist investors in verifying the Malaysian stock market to reduce risk and maximize returns. The results of the study show that the ratio of the optimal return and the annual standard deviation is 0.711. These results are obtained from a comparison between the optimal return of 33.96% and the annual standard deviation of 47.73%. The proposed model by maximizing the comparison between the optimal return and the annual standard deviation can be used to support portfolio selection decisions. The results showed that the efficiency limits of the selected stocks and optimal portfolio weights could be achieved.
Anxiety Disorders in the Workplace: How to Deal and Does Anxiety Affect Employee’s
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Ismail Fadillah , Alhosani Adnan Ali ,   Sharjah Electricity and Water and Gas Authority
Published: October 2024

In recent years, mental health disorders are a huge public health problem worldwide, especially anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders is the extreme worry or fear under the category of psychiatric conditions. To gain a better understanding of the topic of anxiety disorders in the workplace, the researcher conducted a literature review of previous articles to support the objectives of the study. The objectives of the study are to determine the factors of anxiety disorders among employees in the workplace, to determine the ways to manage anxiety disorders for employees, and to examine the impact of anxiety disorders on employee’s abilities. A scoping review of the literature was conducted which examined peer-reviewedarticles published from Emerald (Management & Education), Labour LawBox, ScienceDirect (Freedom Collection), SpringerLink, Journal Citation Reports (Web of Science). This study elaborated 6 ways for employees to overcome their anxiety disorders in the workplace, such as awareness, having a conversation between employers and employees, supportive family and friends, practicing a healthy lifestyle, mindfulness practicing, and setting deadlines honestly. Moreover, anxiety disorders have reduced of anxiety disorders on the employee’s abilities are reduced productivity, employee planning less effectively, less focus on work and have difficulty in listening. Additionally, this study made several recommendations on how employers assist their employees who experience anxiety disorders. Overall, the future researcher needs to be explored the psychological well-being of employees in the workplace in the future in order to stay in a peaceful and harmonious working environment.
Effect of Boko Haram Insurgency on Irrigation Activities Using Field and Earth Observation Data in Part of Northeastern Nigeria
Authors:   Bayero University, Ahmed Mohammed , Adamu Isyaku ,   Bayero University
Published: October 2024

The Boko HaramInsurgency in Nigeria has affected the socio-economic activities in most parts of the northeastern part of the country, leading to a low supply of food from agricultural output and increased poverty. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to analyse the effect of the Boko Haram insurgency on irrigation activities in Kukuwa village. Data was sourced for interviews of 240 respondents and Landsat8_OLI for 2014 and Sentinel 2 for 2015 to 2019. The images were converted to NDVI and used to determine the spectral signatures for each crop using Spectral Matching Techniques (SMTs). The result indicated the majority of the farmers irrigated their farms as > 2 ha (69%) before the crisis, 2 ha (87%) during the crises and > 2 ha (62%) after the crisis, and the majority hired farmers for labour. The intensity of the irrigation was reduced during the crises and it increased after the crises. The result of the SMTs in 2014 indicated a high spectral signature for irrigation activities, with 227.07ha (29.6%) for tomatoes. In 2015 and 2016, low spectral signatures for crops were observed for 541.69ha (69.80%) and 519.5ha (66.94%), respectively. While the spectral result in 2017, 2018, and 2019 indicates a good appreciation of irrigation activities, which shows an increase in most of the dominant crops cultivated in the area, such as tomato, onion, watermelon, and pepper. Among the breakthroughs of this paper is the analysing the reflected signatures from the classified image for different crops through irrigation activities during and after the insurgency in the area. The accuracy assessment indicated fairly good with Landsat but very good with the sentinel images. The study suggests further research into the effect of boko haram insurgency on irrigation activities using field and earth observation data in part of northeastern Nigeria.
Flood Risk Reduction: A Government and Community Collaboration Perspective in Urban Communities
Authors:   Bosowa University, Harifuddin Harifuddin , Azuz Faidah ,   Bosowa University, Apriningsih Apriningsih ,   Pembangunan Nasional Veteran University, Hayati Afita Nur ,   State Islamic University ofSultan Aji Muhammad Idris, Yuldashev Azim Abdurakhmanovich ,   Chirchik State Pedagogical University, Kuraesin Arlis Dewi ,   Technology Muhammadiyah University
Published: October 2024

Flooding is the responsibility of the government, so it is necessary to anticipate it together with the community through social participation. This paper aims to analyse the role of the government in anticipating floods and to analyse the forms of community social participation in anticipating floods. The research method used is mixed research, qualitative quantitative design (explanatory sequential). Data collection used participant observation techniques, in-depth interviews, questioners, and documentation studies. The data was analysed quantitatively then qualitative research was conducted and the results were verified and ended with a conclusion. The results of the research obtained (1) the role of the government, among others: (i) preparing an early warning system, (ii) preparing evacuation facilities and infrastructure, including evacuation routes, and (iii) forming structural and non-structural flood volunteer teams. (2) Forms of community social participation include: cleaning and increasing the depth of waterways such as sewers and canals, raising the concrete walls of waterways, raising the foundations of houses, and organising the residential environment. The conclusion of this research is that the government's role in flood mitigation in Makassar municipality focuses on things that prevent flooding. Forms of community social participation as a form of flood mitigation such as cleaning waterways, raising the walls of sewers and canals and so on.
Managing Road Risk: The Development of Road Infrastructure Toward Liveable City
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Mohd Zuhori Farhan Hakimi , Abd Rahim Mohd Hilmi Izwan ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Zainal Rozlin ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: October 2024

A country's economic development and prosperity depend on its cities. This study is conducted due to an effectiveness of road infrastructure are still a key issue that affecting quality of life in urban areas. Traffic jams, accidents and delays not only cause driver frustration and inconvenience, but also have serious economic and environmental impacts. This study attempts to identify the type of road infrastructure, to investigate the risk classification of road infrastructure and to suggest the potential development of road infrastructure in development of rural area. The study focused on the rural development area and this research includes data collection from primary and secondary sources such as interviews. Stakeholders and expert players have been interviewed for this research. The data that we found has been analysis using content analysis which is matrix table. The results of this study have found that there are several issues that exist in implementing of good road infrastructure concept and initiatives and development in rural development area. In conclusion, all respondents gave a positive review on the study and the research shows that good road infrastructure is needed to create our country safer and our cities towards liveable city.