bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Group 15 elements on the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactivity of G15 = G15–G15-based 1,3-dipoles with cyclooctyne
Authors: Zhang Zheng-Feng , Su Ming-Der
Published: March 2023

Our computational investigations suggest that all NNG15-Rea and G15G15P-Rea molecules can be energetically feasible to undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with cyclic alkynes, except for only the NNN-Rea 1,3-dipole molecule.
Recent developments of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine analogues as antituberculosis agents
Authors: Samanta Sauvik , Kumar Sumit , Aratikatla Eswar K. , Ghorpade Sandeep R. , Singh Vinayak
Published: March 2023

Here, we critically review anti-TB compounds of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine class by discussing their development based on the structure–activity relationship, mode-of-action, and various scaffold hopping strategies over the last decade.
Synthesis and structural and spectroscopic properties of a cyanido-bridged mixed-valence compound [Fe–NC–Ru–CN–Fe]
Authors: Liu Ming , Xiong Yan , Xu Weixiu , Wang Yong
Published: March 2023

Five cyanide-bridged compoundstrans-[Cp(dppe)Fe(NC)RuII(py)4(CN)Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6]nandtrans-[Cp(dppe)Fe(NC)RuII(MeOpy)4(CN)Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6]nwere systematically synthesized and characterized.
Co9S8 nanoparticle-functionalized CdS nanoflowers for signal-off photoelectrochemical bioanalysis of carcinoembryonic antigens with hybridization chain reaction
Authors: Zhang Kangyao , Wang Kejun , Zhang Jianhui , Tan Meirong , Xu Mingdi , Lai Wenqiang , Tang Dianping
Published: March 2023

(A) Schematic diagram of Co9S8 nanoparticle-decorated CdS nanoflowers-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); and (B) the photocurrent response mechanism of PEC bioanalysis.
Correction: Tailoring the MOF structure via ligand optimization afforded a dandelion flower like CoS/Co–Nx/CoNi/NiS catalyst to enhance the ORR/OER in zinc–air batteries
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Mohan , Etesami Mohammad , Theerthagiri Jayaraman , Choi Myong Yong , Wannapaiboon Suttipong , Nguyen Mai Thanh , Yonezawa Tetsu , Kheawhom Soorathep
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Tailoring the MOF structure via ligand optimization afforded a dandelion flower like CoS/Co–Nx/CoNi/NiS catalyst to enhance the ORR/OER in zinc–air batteries’ by Mohan Gopalakrishnan et al., Nanoscale, 2022, 14, 17908–17920, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NR04933C.
Design, synthesis and glycosidase inhibition of DAB derivatives with C-4 peptide and dipeptide branches
Authors: Zi Dong , Shimadate Yuna , Wang Jun-Zhe , Kato Atsushi , Li Yi-Xian , Jia Yue-Mei , Fleet George W. J. , Yu Chu-Yi
Published: March 2023

Twenty DAB-peptide and DAB-dipeptide derivatives were synthesized from d-tartrate-derived nitrone, and five of them were found to be bovine liver β-galactosidase inhibitors.
Synthesis of azepane-fused pyrano[3,2-b]indoles by Lewis acid-catalysed oxa Diels–Alder reactions
Authors: Banda Saikumar , Villinger Alexander , Brasholz Malte
Published: March 2023

Lewis acid-catalysed oxa Diels–Alder reactions of unsaturated azepino[1,2-a]indole diones with enol ethers lead to tetracyclic azepane-fused pyrano[3,2-b]indoles, with high stereoselectivity and under mild reaction conditions.
Synthesis and evaluation of NHC derivatives and 4′-fluorouridine prodrugs
Authors: Xiang Li , Hu Tianwen , Xue Haitao , Pan Wenfang , Xie Yuanchao , Shen Jingshan
Published: March 2023

We reported the synthesis and anti-RSV or anti-IFV activities of NHC derivatives and 4′-fluorouridine prodrugs, which were evaluated for their chemical stability and PK properties. Tri-isobutyrate ester 1a has potential to be as an antiviral agent.
Amidation of methyl ester-functionalised poly(2-oxazoline)s as a powerful tool to create dual pH- and temperature-responsive polymers as potential drug delivery systems
Authors: Leiske Meike N. , Singha Ronak , Jana Somdeb , De Geest Bruno G. , Hoogenboom Richard
Published: March 2023

We present the synthesis of different amine-functionalised poly(2-oxazoline)s, their dual pH and temperature response as well as their capability to as promising stimuli responsive drug delivery vectors.
Carbamate thermal decarboxylation for the design of non-isocyanate polyurethane foams
Authors: Sintas Jose I. , Wolfgang Josh D. , Long Timothy E.
Published: March 2023

Bis-carbonylimidazolide monomers enabled a novel synthetic pathway for non-isocyanate polyurethane foams that displayed tunable thermal properties and pore structures.
Correction: Novel degradable amphiphilic 4-arm star PLA-b-POEOA and PLGA-b-POEOA block copolymers: synthesis, characterization and self-assembly
Authors: Oliveira Andreia S. R. , Pereira Patrícia , Mendonça Patrícia V. , Fonseca Ana C. , Simões Sérgio , Serra Arménio C. , Coelho Jorge F. J.
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Novel degradable amphiphilic 4-arm star PLA-b-POEOA and PLGA-b-POEOA block copolymers: synthesis, characterization and self-assembly’ by Andreia S. R. Oliveira et al., Polym. Chem., 2023, 14, 161–171, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2PY01216B.
Role of defect engineering in revealing the electronic and sensing applications of Janus WSSe monolayer
Authors: Babariya Bindiya , Gupta Sanjeev K. , Gajjar P. N.
Published: March 2023

Adsorption performance of pristine and defect engineered WSSe monolayer towards CH4, C3H8 and C4H10.
Evaluation of 4H‐SiC MOSFET transfer characteristics using machine‐learning techniques
Authors: Lehmeyer Johannes A. F. , Citak Timon , Weber Heiko B. , Krieger Michael
Published: March 2023

The performance of 4H silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs critically depends on the quality of the SiC/silicon oxide interface, which typically contains a high density of interface traps. To solve this problem, fast and reliable characterization methods are required. The commonly used evaluation schemes for 3‐terminal transfer characteristics, however, neglect the presence of interface traps. Here, a method based on machine‐learning techniques is presented which extracts reliable performance parameters from transfer characteristics of 4H‐SiC MOSFETs including a quantitative estimate of the density of interface traps. This method is successfully validated by comparison with Hall‐effect measurements and applied to various MOSFET types.
Analysis the securable operation and protection coordination indices on multi‐objective sitting and sizing of synchronous distributed generations on distribution networks
Authors: Shad Hossien , Gandomkar Majid , Nikoukar Javad
Published: March 2023

Despite improving various technical indices such as operation and voltage profile, the integration of synchronous distributed generations (SDGs) may lead to the loss of protection coordination in the distribution network (DN). To tackle the problem, this paper presents a multi‐objective siting and sizing of SDGs on DN considering operation, economic and protection coordination indices simultaneously. The proposed scheme is structured in the framework of a four‐objective optimization problem, which aims to minimize the energy losses, the worst voltage security index (VSI), planning cost of SDGs and the protection index (PI) (the deviation of coordination time interval). Therefore, it is constrained to power flow equations, VSI, and protection coordination of overcurrent relays (OCRs). Then, the Pareto optimization based on the method of the weighted functions summation obtains an integrated single‐objective problem for the proposed scheme. Next, a hybrid evolutionary algorithm formed by merging particle swarm optimization (PSO) and crow search algorithm (CSA) is incorporated to achieve the optimal solution with unique response approximate conditions. Eventually, the suggested scheme is applied on distribution portion of IEEE 30‐bus ring and IEEE 69‐bus radial DN and numerical results confirm the efficient performance of SDG planning in terms of technical indicators and protective devices coordination.
Improved energy storage property in polyvinylidene fluoride‐based multilayered composite regulated by oriented carbon nanotube@SiO2 nanowires
Authors: Zhang Na , Zhao Hang , Zhang Chuying , Gao Shuyan , Zhu Tongguang , Bai Jinbo
Published: March 2023

High‐performance dielectric capacitors are essential components of advanced electronic and pulsed power systems for energy storage. Because of their high breakdown strength and excellent flexibility, polymer‐based capacitors are regarded as auspicious energy storage material. However, the energy storage capacity of polymer‐based capacitors is severely limited due to their low polarisation and low dielectric permittivity. The modified Stöber method was used to construct two types of CNT@SiO2 (CS) one‐dimensional core‐shell structured nanowires with different shell thicknesses. By integrating the procedures of solution mixing, melt blending, hot‐stretching orientation and hot pressing, sandwich‐structured poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐based composites were fabricated. The CS core‐shell nanowires dispersed in the inter‐layer serve as electron donors, leading to a high permittivity, while two PVDF outer layers provide the favourable overall breakdown strength. The insulating SiO2 shell can effectively limit the migration of carriers and keep the dielectric loss at a relatively low level in the composites. The CS/PVDF composite exhibited an enhanced discharged density (~6.1 J/cm3) and breakdown strength (~241 kV/mm) when the interlayer filled with as small as 1 wt% CS nanowires with the SiO2 shell thickness of 8 nm, which is 203% and 18.7 % higher than pure PVDF (~2.01 J/cm3 at 203 kV/mm), respectively. This research presents a practical strategy for designing and fabricating advanced polymer film capacitor energy storage devices.
Ultra high step‐up soft‐switching DC/DC converter using coupled inductor and interleaved technique
Authors: Maalandish Mohammad , Babaei Ebrahim , Abolhasani Pouya , Gheisarnejad Meysam , Khooban Mohammad‐Hassan
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a new ultra high step‐up soft‐switching DC/DC converter using coupled inductor and interleaved technique is presented. The primary side of the coupled inductors in up section and down section will be charged by the input power supply. The stored energy of the coupled inductors (at primary and secondary sides) is discharged to the output capacitors in up and down sections. Also, the capacitors on the coupled inductors path have clamped capacitors that cause the voltage stress across the power semiconductors to be low. Al diodes in up and down sections except output diodes are working at zero current switching turn‐off. Therefore, the reverse recovery problems of the proposed converter will be majorly solved. Therefore, power losses of the proposed converter will be decreased by using switches with lower on‐state resistance RDS(on) and lower rating power diodes. In addition, the leakage inductor causes to exclusive the current falling balance of the output diodes, significantly. In order to clarify the main advantages of the proposed converter, comparison between the proposed converter and other structures is provided. Finally, the proposed converter with turn ratio N(N2/N1) = 2 in about 300 W with operating 50 kHz is tested with real‐time TYPHOON HIL‐404 emulator in the laboratory.
Research on an improved model predictive current control for direct‐drive wave energy converters with linear generators
Authors: Huang Lei , Wei Lai , Liu Jing , Yang Jianlong , Zhang Xiaoyu
Published: March 2023

This paper deals with the current control strategy of a permanent magnet linear generator (PMLG) for a direct‐drive wave energy converter (DDWEC). As the mover is in a linear reciprocating motion, the reference of the controller of the generator is dynamic fluctuations with the mover movement under maximum power point tracking (MPPT) conditions. Therefore, the dynamic requirements of the controller become higher. To increase dynamic control performance, an improved model predictive current control (IMPCC) strategy is proposed here. Through a three‐step cascaded optimization algorithm, the target voltage vector is optimized from the three dimensions of the sector of the voltage vector, the angle of the voltage vector and the length of the voltage vector. The target voltage vector is output to the three‐phase rectifier by using SVPWM to complete the entire control process. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy effectively reduces the current ripple and the vibration of PMLG and improves the stability of DDWEC.
Quelques enjeux pour les psychothérapies aujourd’hui
Authors: Bioy Antoine
Published: March 2023

Les psychothérapies sont le « bras armé » de la psychopathologie, c’est-à-dire ce qui structure une action pour évaluer et intervenir auprès d’une personne en souffrance. Si quatre grandes familles sont bien connues (psychanalyse, thérapie cognitive-comporte-mentale, systémie, approche humaniste et existentielle), il existe des dizaines d’autres pratiques plus confidentielles, simplement moins anciennes, ou moins étudiées. Ces psychothérapies disent quelque chose du milieu socioculturel qui les a vu naitre, en même temps qu’elles évoluent avec lui. C’est cette « structure mouvante » sur lequel nous portons un regard dans cet article. Depuis les ambiguïtés inhérentes à la nature même d’une psychothérapie, jusqu’aux modifications actuelles autour notamment de processus tel que la transe. Ces ambiguïtés et les enjeux qu’ils dessinent imposent un peu plus des modalités d’évaluation des pratiques qui ne concernent pas que les chercheurs, mais aussi tout psychothérapeute désireux de mener correctement le mandat que son patient lui confie.
L’effet des jeux vidéo actifs sur les élèves en éducation physique et sportive : une revue systématique
Authors: Cece Valérian , Roure Cédric , Fargier Patrick , Lentillon-Kaestner Vanessa
Published: March 2023

Les outils numériques sont omniprésents dans notre société et occupent aujourd’hui une place centrale à l’école. Dans ce contexte, les jeux vidéo actifs (JVA) peuvent constituer une ressource pour l’enseignement de l’éducation physique et sportive (EPS). L’objectif de cette revue systématique est de synthétiser les études proposant des JVA dans le contexte du cours d’EPS afin d’explorer les différents effets de leur utilisation sur les élèves. Les normes PRISMA ont été utilisées pour identifier les études qui proposaient des JVA en cours d’EPS via les moteurs de recherche Science-Direct, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Web of science, Pubmed, PsycINFO, CAIRN et OpenEdition jusqu’à octobre 2021. Les résultats issus des 28 études retenues soulignent que les JVA sont majoritairement reliés à des résultats bénéfiques sur les élèves, sur des effets psychologiques (e.g., plaisir) et l’activité physique en classe, en particulier à court terme. Pour autant, certains aspects de la littérature demeurent peu explorés, comme l’effet des JVA sur les apprentissages transversaux, les capacités cognitives, et sur les élèves de degré secondaire. Finalement, l’ensemble de ces résultats confirme que les JVA offrent une opportunité supplémentaire pour les enseignants d’EPS. À la condition d’une utilisation d’outils et de protocoles adaptés, les JVA semblent permettre aux enseignants de répondre à des problématiques précises et ciblées.
Hotspot Darmschleimhaut – Physiologie, Pathologie und Diagnostik
Authors: Rüffer Andreas
Published: March 2023

Die Darmschleimhaut übernimmt zahlreiche vitale Funktionen, von der Nährstoffversorgung bis zur Barriere gegen potenzielle Schadstoffe. Störungen der Barrierefunktion („Leaky Gut“) wirken proinflammatorisch und können daher bei verschiedenen chronischen Erkrankungen beteiligt sein. Verschiedene Schleimhautmarker, insbesondere im Stuhl, liefern Hinweise auf den Zustand der Darmschleimhaut als Basis für gezielte therapeutische Maßnahmen.
Schwarzkümmelsamen: wirksam bei Allergien?
Authors: Chrubasik-Hausmann Sigrun
Published: March 2023

Schwarzkümmel wird traditionell gegen eine Vielzahl an Erkrankungen eingesetzt. Forschungsergebnisse weisen auf seine positiven Effekte bei Allergien, Asthma, Heuschnupfen und Ekzemen hin.
Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Outcomes and Complications of Pedicled Latissimus Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Peshel Emanuela C. , McNary Claire M. , Barkach Catherine , Boudiab Elizabeth M. , Vega Daniella , Nossoni Farid , Chaiyasate Kongkrit , Powers Jeremy M.
Published: March 2023

The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is a reliable option for breast reconstruction. This is particularly true in patients with contraindications to abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction. A systematic review of patient satisfaction and health related quality of life following LD breast reconstruction using the BREAST-Q survey was conducted. The scope of the review was to determine the degree of patient satisfaction following the procedure and to examine how patient satisfaction from the pedicled LD flap compares to other breast reconstructive procedures. A literature search on BREAST-Q in LD flap reconstruction was performed. Only articles written in English and in published peer-reviewed journals were included. Studies with less than 20 patients in their sample and those with a follow-up period of less than 1 year were excluded. Five articles representing 331 patients were reviewed, including one case–control study and four retrospective cohort studies. Level of evidence was either III (4) or IV (1). The average age was 53 with average body mass index of 25. Most reconstructions were delayed (67%) and unilateral (88%), and most patients required radiation (79%). The average length of follow-up was 36 months, and the response rate was 75%. Overall, patients who underwent LD flap reconstruction reported favorable outcomes in satisfaction domains and quality of life domains with few complications. A meta-analysis also demonstrated higher satisfaction in LD flap without implants compared with LD flap with implants. Patient-reported outcomes following LD breast reconstruction compare favorably with other techniques of breast reconstruction.
Bone Marrow Lesions in Athletic Stress Injuries: An Overview
Authors: Navas Ana , Kassarjian Ara
Published: March 2023

This article discusses the presumed pathophysiology of osseous sport-related stress changes, the optimal imaging strategy for detecting the lesions, and the progression of the lesions as seen on magnetic resonance imaging. It also describes some of the most common stress-related injuries in athletes by anatomical location and introduces some new concepts in the field.
Laparoscopic Retrieval of a 13-Year-Old Retained Iatrogenic Metallic Foreign Body from the Pelvis: An Uncommon Case Report
Authors: Rajput Deepak , Gupta Amit , Shasheendran Sruthi , Mani Rishit , Tandon Amoli , Krishnasamy Shyam Karuppusamy , Siddeek Rohik Anjum T. , Bhukya Krishna Sai , Edem Sanketh
Published: March 2023

Retained surgical foreign bodies are unanticipated events culminating from inadvertent operating room errors and may cause severe medical and legal problems between the patient and the doctor. Here, we report detecting a surgical instrument fragment 13 years after an open abdominal hysterectomy in a quadragenarian during her evaluation of a month-old complaint of lower abdominal and right thigh pain. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen demonstrated a radio-opaque linear foreign body traversing the right obturator foramen with extension into the pelvis cranially and the adductor compartment of the right thigh caudally. The metallic foreign body, identified as a fragmented handle of a uterine tenaculum forceps with a slender sharp-tip hook, could be removed laparoscopically from the pelvis after a diagnostic laparoscopy, preventing significant complications. The minimally invasive approach enabled a smooth recovery, and the patient could go home on the second postoperative day.
Infrared compatible rapid mixer to probe millisecond chemical kinetics
Authors: Itani Ram C. , Cohen Max Moncada , Tokmakoff Andrei
Published: March 2023

Fast microfluidic mixers are a valuable tool for studying solution-phase chemical reaction kinetics and molecular processes with spectroscopy. However, microfluidic mixers that are compatible with infrared vibrational spectroscopy have seen only limited development due to the poor infrared transparency of the current microfabrication material. We describe the design, fabrication, and characterization of CaF2-based continuous flow turbulent mixers, which are capable of measuring kinetics in the millisecond time window with infrared spectroscopy, when integrated into an infrared microscope. Kinetics measurements demonstrate the ability to resolve relaxation processes with 1 millisecond time resolution, and straightforward improvements are described that should result in sub-100 µs time-resolution.
Theory of magnetic turbulence and shock formation induced by a collisionless plasma instability
Authors: Takabe Hideaki
Published: March 2023

Magnetic fields are ubiquitous in universe, space, and laboratory plasmas. Especially, self-generated magnetic fields are important to know the mind of nature. The formation of Weibel-mediated collisionless shock is studied theoretically as a structure formation by the linear plasma wave growth, nonlinear saturation, and mode–mode coupling. Following a series of computer simulations and experimental studies of the physics, a simple model equation is proposed here to describe the time evolution of magnetic turbulence. Weibel instability is saturated by magnetic pressure, and thicker filaments continue to be generated by current coalescence (magnetic reconnection) mechanism. The model equation concludes the fact that the filament spacing increases linearly in time, and the magnetic energy power spectrum is given as Bk2 ∝ k−2. The time evolution of the turbulence is characterized with the cascade toward smaller k. Such inverse cascade is well-known in 2D hydrodynamic turbulence such as a typhoon or hurricane formation and is known to have Kolmogorov spectrum k−5/3. Although only a small difference in power, the physics of inverse cascades is very different as shown in the present paper. With use of Alfvén current limit condition, the criteria of collisionless shock formation are evaluated. The present theory is compared to corresponding experiments done with Omega and NIF lasers and a variety of PIC simulations. The theory is also applied to evaluate the strength of magnetic field near the shock front of the supernova remnant SN1006. The enhancement of magnetic field of about 25 μG is concluded in the present theory. Finally, a universality of the model equation is shown by applying the theory to the turbulent mixing due to Rayleigh–Taylor instability at the contact surface of two fluids in a gravitational or inertial force, which is very important in compressing plasma such as inertial confinement fusion by implosion. It is shown that the well-known evolution physics, mixing layer of the two fluids grows in proportion to (time)2, can be explained with the same model equation.
Prompt core confinement improvement across the L–H transition in DIII-D: Profile stiffness, turbulence dynamics, and isotope effect
Authors: Kobayashi T. , Yan Z. , McKee G. R. , Austin M. E. , Grierson B. A. , Gohil P.
Published: March 2023

We elaborate on the nature of the prompt core confinement improvement observed at the L–H transition in DIII-D, which is a long-standing issue unsolved for more than two decades and can impact future fusion reactor performance. Dynamic transport analysis suggests the essential role of the profile stiffness for understanding the mechanism of the prompt core confinement improvement. Beam emission spectroscopy shows that transport reduction at the core cannot be explained only by the ion scale turbulence density fluctuation suppression. Properties of nonlocal confinement improvement across the L–H transition are experimentally assessed in hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) plasmas. Prompt core confinement improvement is found to be more rapid in the lighter hydrogen isotope.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of water film confinement during spreading and evaporation in highly hierarchical wicking nano/microstructure on Si surface at 120 °C
Authors: Fang Ranran , Li Junchang , Zheng Jiangen , Wang Xiaofa , Li Rui , Li Simin , Yang Shiyao , Li Cheng , Vorobyev Anatoliy Y.
Published: March 2023

Enhancing the wicking/evaporative functionality of materials by surface nano/microstructuring is a key approach in creating advanced technologies based on the liquid–vapor phase change, particularly in the field of power generation for substantial fuel savings and reducing global greenhouse gas pollution. Despite the technological importance, the capillary flow of a liquid undergoing intensive evaporation on a hot nano/microstructured surface is not well understood. During the capillary flow on a nano/microstructured surface, water confinement undergoes a dramatical spatiotemporal change. The evaporation mechanisms of water confined in capillary nano/microstructures fundamentally depend on the scale of liquid confinement, making the dynamics of water confinement one of the basic characteristics in spreading/evaporation behavior of water on a hot capillary surface. Here, we develop an experimental technique for studying the water film confinement dynamics based on different optical footprints of nanoscale and microscale water confinements found in our work. We study both water film confinement dynamics and traditional capillary flow/receding dynamics of a water drop in a highly hierarchical capillary surface nano/microstructure created in our work using femtosecond laser processing. For the first time, we obtain the spatiotemporal map of water nano/microstructural confinements that provides basic data for the identification of evaporation mechanisms. The obtained results give important guidelines for engineering advanced materials with an efficient wicking/evaporative functionality.
More efficient charging of ferroelectrets via tuning of the Paschen breakdown
Authors: Qiu Xunlin , Liu Yuji , Wu Chengyuan , Xiang Yanxun , Xuan Fu-Zhen , Gerhard Reimund
Published: March 2023

Charging by means of dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) is a critical step in the preparation of ferroelectrets (also called piezoelectrets). Triggering of the DBD charging in ferroelectrets is governed by Paschen's law. The Paschen-breakdown voltage Vb of common gases exhibits a U-shaped dependence on the product of gas pressure p and electrode spacing d (internal-cavity height in the present ferroelectret context). This allows for a more efficient charging strategy for ferroelectrets whose pd value at atmospheric pressure is different from the (pd)min value of the Paschen-breakdown curve. For easier triggering of the DBD charging, the pd is adjusted toward (pd)min (corresponding to Vb, min of the Paschen curve) by controlling the gas pressure in the cavity. Subsequently, pd is restored to its value at ambient pressure under the charging voltage in order to obtain a high remanent polarization. The proposed charging scheme is easy to operate and can significantly improve the charging efficiency of ferroelectrets with a wide range of cavity geometries.
Synchronization of non-identical systems by non-invasive mutual time-delayed feedback
Authors: Just W.
Published: March 2023

Inspired by time-delayed feedback control, it is shown that synchronization of non-identical systems can be achieved by mutual time-delayed feedback with an asymptotically vanishing interaction. An analytic perturbation scheme is developed, which uncovers the merits as well as the constraints of such an approach. As an application, the use of the concept for a secure communication channel is considered.
Low-frequency noise in ZrS3 van der Waals semiconductor nanoribbons
Authors: Rehman A. , Cywinski G. , Knap W. , Smulko J. , Balandin A. A. , Rumyantsev S.
Published: March 2023

We report the results of the investigation of low-frequency electronic noise in ZrS3 van der Waals semiconductor nanoribbons. The test structures were of the back-gated field-effect-transistor type with a normally off n-channel and an on-to-off ratio of up to four orders of magnitude. The current–voltage transfer characteristics revealed significant hysteresis owing to the presence of deep levels. The noise in ZrS3 nanoribbons had spectral density SI ∼ 1/fγ (f is the frequency) with γ = 1.3–1.4 within the whole range of the drain and gate bias voltages. We used light illumination to establish that the noise is due to generation–recombination, owing to the presence of deep levels, and determined the energies of the defects that act as the carrier trapping centers in ZrS3 nanoribbons.
Temporal and spatial resolution of distal protein motions that activate hydrogen tunneling in soybean lipoxygenase
Authors: Zaragoza Jan Paulo T. , Offenbacher Adam R. , Hu Shenshen , Gee Christine L. , Firestein Zachary M. , Minnetian Natalie , Deng Zhenyu , Fan Flora , Iavarone Anthony T. , Klinman Judith P.
Published: March 2023

The enzyme soybean lipoxygenase (SLO) provides a prototype for deep tunneling mechanisms in hydrogen transfer catalysis. This work combines room temperature X-ray studies with extended hydrogen–deuterium exchange experiments to define a catalytically-linked, radiating cone of aliphatic side chains that connects an active site iron center of SLO to the protein–solvent interface. Employing eight variants of SLO that have been appended with a fluorescent probe at the identified surface loop, nanosecond fluorescence Stokes shifts have been measured. We report a remarkable identity of the energies of activation (
E
a
) for the Stokes shifts decay rates and the millisecond C–H bond cleavage step that is restricted to side chain mutants within an identified thermal network. These findings implicate a direct coupling of distal protein motions surrounding the exposed fluorescent probe to active site motions controlling catalysis. While the role of dynamics in enzyme function has been predominantly attributed to a distributed protein conformational landscape, the presented data implicate a thermally initiated, cooperative protein reorganization that occurs on a timescale faster than nanosecond and represents the enthalpic barrier to the reaction of SLO.
On the evolution of variation in sexual reproduction through the prism of eukaryotic microbes
Authors: Yadav Vikas , Sun Sheng , Heitman Joseph
Published: March 2023

Almost all eukaryotes undergo sexual reproduction to generate diversity and select for fitness in their population pools. Interestingly, the systems by which sex is defined are highly diverse and can even differ between evolutionarily closely related species. While the most commonly known form of sex determination involves males and females in animals, eukaryotic microbes can have as many as thousands of different mating types for the same species. Furthermore, some species have found alternatives to sexual reproduction and prefer to grow clonally and yet undergo infrequent facultative sexual reproduction. These organisms are mainly invertebrates and microbes, but several examples are also present among vertebrates suggesting that alternative modes of sexual reproduction evolved multiple times throughout evolution. In this review, we summarize the sex-determination modes and variants of sexual reproduction found across the eukaryotic tree of life and suggest that eukaryotic microbes provide unique opportunities to study these processes in detail. We propose that understanding variations in modes of sexual reproduction can serve as a foundation to study the evolution of sex and why and how it evolved in the first place.
Content analysis of research in the human-animal interaction bulletin (2013–2022)
Authors: Palmer Clarissa M.
Published: March 2023

Research in the field of human-animal interaction (HAI) has been growing exponentially as the field has been increasingly recognized as a valid empirical science. With the growth in research, the number of publishing opportunities has also expanded. To gain a greater understanding of the research activity in the articles published in the Human-Animal Interaction Bulletin (HAIB), a content analysis was conducted. Demographic variables of authors (gender, affiliation, geographical location, etc.), study participants (location, age, gender, condition, etc.), non-human study participants (species, breed, location, etc.), and research activity types (

Buboltz
et al
., 1999

) were examined to provide an overview of the state of research in HAI as viewed through the HAIB journal. Findings align with previous research identifying females as the predominant publishers in the field of HAI. Articles submitted by researchers in the United States, Australia, and Europe were most common. The study participants included children, college students, adults, and participants with medical conditions ranging from anxiety to loneliness. Last, research studies focusing on a combination of process and outcome activity were more prolific than articles focusing on either process or outcome activities alone.
Effect of interlayer time interval on residual stress distribution in Ti6Al4V alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Novotný Ladislav , Béreš Miloslav , Carpentieri Bruno
Published: March 2023

A finite element is developed to study the transient temperature fields and mechanical response during laser powder bed fusion processing and multi-layer deposition of a Ti6Al4V powder. Two different powder deposition time intervals are examined. The results of our analysis reveal that short-time interlayer intervals lead to a reduction of residual von Mises stress in the produced part. A good correspondence between the experimental and numerical results was found.
The tensorial representation of the distributional stress–energy quadrupole and its dynamics
Authors: Gratus Jonathan , Talaganis Spyridon
Published: March 2023

We investigate stress–energy tensors constructed from the covariant derivatives of delta functions on a worldline. Since covariant derivatives are used all the components transform as tensors. We derive the dynamical equations for the components, up to quadrupole order. The components do, however, depend in a non-tensorial way, on a choice of a vector along the worldline. We also derive a number of important results about general multipoles, including that their components are unique, and all multipoles can be written using covariant derivatives. We show how the components of a multipole are related to standard moments of a tensor field, by parallelly transporting that tensor field.
Photon rings around warped black holes
Authors: Kapec Daniel , Lupsasca Alexandru , Strominger Andrew
Published: March 2023

The black hole photon ring is a prime target for upcoming space-based VLBI missions seeking to image the fine structure of astrophysical black holes. The classical Lyapunov exponents of the corresponding nearly bound null geodesics control the quasinormal ringing of a perturbed black hole as it settles back down to equilibrium, and they admit a holographic interpretation in terms of quantum Ruelle resonances of the microstate dual to the Kerr black hole. Recent work has identified a number of emergent symmetries related to the intricate self-similar structure of the photon ring. Here, we explore this web of interrelated phenomena in an exactly soluble example that arises as an approximation to the near-extremal Kerr black hole. The self-dual warped AdS3 geometry has a photon ring as well as

S
L

(
2
,

R

)

isometries and an exactly calculable quasinormal mode (QNM) spectrum. We show explicitly that the geometric optics approximation reproduces the eikonal limit of the exact scalar QNM spectrum, as well as the approximate ‘near-ring’ wavefunctions. The

S
L

(
2
,

R

)

isometries are directly related to the emergent conformal symmetry of the photon ring in black hole images but are distinct from a recently discussed conformal symmetry of the eikonal QNM spectrum. The equivalence of the classical QNM spectrum—and thus the photon ring—to the quantum Ruelle resonances in the context of a spacetime with a putative holographic dual suggests that the photon ring of a warped black hole is indeed part of the black hole hologram.
Relativistic liquids: GENERIC or EIT?
Authors: Gavassino L , Antonelli M
Published: March 2023

We study the GENERIC hydrodynamic theory for relativistic liquids formulated by Öttinger and collaborators. We use the maximum entropy principle to derive its conditions for linear stability (in an arbitrary reference frame) and for relativistic causality. In addition, we show that, in the linear regime, its field equations can be recast into a symmetric-hyperbolic form. Once rewritten in this way, the linearised field equations turn out to be a particular realisation of the Israel–Stewart theory, where some of the Israel–Stewart free parameters are constrained. This also allows us to reinterpret the GENERIC framework in view of the principles of extended irreversible thermodynamics and to discuss its physical relevance to model (possibly viscoelastic) fluids.
On global normal linear approximations for nonlinear Bayesian inverse problems
Authors: Nicholson Ruanui , Petra Noémi , Villa Umberto , Kaipio Jari P
Published: March 2023

The replacement of a nonlinear parameter-to-observable mapping with a linear (affine) approximation is often carried out to reduce the computational costs associated with solving large-scale inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). In the case of a linear parameter-to-observable mapping with normally distributed additive noise and a Gaussian prior measure on the parameters, the posterior is Gaussian. However, substituting an accurate model for a (possibly well justified) linear surrogate model can give misleading results if the induced model approximation error is not accounted for. To account for the errors, the Bayesian approximation error (BAE) approach can be utilised, in which the first and second order statistics of the errors are computed via sampling. The most common linear approximation is carried out via linear Taylor expansion, which requires the computation of (Fréchet) derivatives of the parameter-to-observable mapping with respect to the parameters of interest. In this paper, we prove that the (approximate) posterior measure obtained by replacing the nonlinear parameter-to-observable mapping with a linear approximation is in fact independent of the choice of the linear approximation when the BAE approach is employed. Thus, somewhat non-intuitively, employing the zero-model as the linear approximation gives the same approximate posterior as any other choice of linear approximations of the parameter-to-observable model. The independence of the linear approximation is demonstrated mathematically and illustrated with two numerical PDE-based problems: an inverse scattering type problem and an inverse conductivity type problem.
Multi-stage Stern–Gerlach experiment modeled
Authors: Wang Lihong V
Published: March 2023

In the classic multi-stage Stern–Gerlach experiment conducted by Frisch and Segrè, the Majorana (Landau–Zener) and Rabi formulae diverge far from the experimental observation while the physical mechanism for electron-spin collapse remains unidentified. Here, introducing the physical co-quantum concept provides a plausible physical mechanism and predicts the experimental observation in absolute units without fitting (i.e. no parameters adjusted), with a p-value less than one per million, which is the probability that the co-quantum theory happens to match the experimental observation purely by chance. Further, the co-quantum concept is corroborated by exactly statistically reproducing the wave function, density operator, and uncertainty relation for electron spin in Stern–Gerlach experiments.
Reconfigurable broad-band rejection filter based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Lin Huan , Yu Jiabin , Xiao Binggang
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we describe a new approach for constructing a broad-band tunable rejection filter based on reconfigurable spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP) whose center frequency can be tuned by altering the capacitance of a varactor diode. The filter structure is composed of SSPP waveguide with double split-rings. We have analyzed and discussed the dispersion characteristics of the filter unit structure and S-parameters of the filter. The filter’s rejection band can be tuned in real-time within the frequency range of 6.4 GHz–10.2 GHz, the rejection strength can reach a positive effect, and the transmission loss in the passband can also be less than 2 dB. When a varactor diode was loaded with the same capacitance, the filter produced one rejection band, and when the varactor diode was loaded with two sets of capacitances, the filter produced two rejection bands. From the results, the filter expands microwave communication possibilities. Furthermore, SSPP structures deliver better field confinement and more substantial field augmentation than standard approaches (microstrip filters), which is beneficial for many communication system applications.
Effects of Sn substitution on the microstructural and electromagnetic properties of MnZn ferrite for high-frequency applications
Authors: Wu Guohua , Yu Zhong , Guo Rongdi , Wang Zhiguang , Wang Hong , Hu Zhongqiang , Liu Ming
Published: March 2023

To achieve compact and lightweight power conversion devices, magnetic core materials such as MnZn ferrite are highly desired with low core losses at high frequencies above megahertz. In this work, high-valent Sn4+ ions were doped into MnZn ferrite to manipulate the electromagnetic properties and suppress the high-frequency core losses. The distribution of Sn4+ in MnZn ferrite was investigated by transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis, which indicated that most of the substituted Sn4+ ions remained at the grain boundaries rather than dissolving into the lattice, and thus greatly impacted the electromagnetic properties of MnZn ferrite. The initial permeability and saturation induction decreased monotonically with the Sn substitution. The core loss was reduced to 457 kW m−3 at 3 MHz, 30 mT, and 25 °C when the Sn substitution content was 0.003, due to the effective suppression of eddy current loss and residual loss. The sample with a Sn content of 0.003 exhibited excellent overall electromagnetic properties, which could be potentially useful in high-frequency transformers, converters, and power sources.
Hole doping induced ferromagnetism and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in the two-dimensional group-IVA oxides
Authors: Li Peng , Ga Yonglong , Cui Qirui , Liang Jinghua , Yu Dongxing , Yang Hongxin
Published: March 2023

Based on the first-principles calculations, we examine the effect of hole doping on the ferromagnetism and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) for PbSnO2, SnO2 and GeO2 monolayers. The nonmagnetic to ferromagnetic transition and the DMI can emerge simultaneously in the three two-dimensional IVA oxides. By increasing the hole doping concentration, we find the ferromagnetism can be strengthened for the three oxides. Due to different inversion symmetry breaking, isotropic DMI is found in PbSnO2, whereas anisotropic DMI presents in SnO2 and GeO2. More appealingly, for PbSnO2 with different hole concentrations, DMI can induce a variety of topological spin textures. Interestingly, a peculiar feature of synchronously switch of magnetic easy axis and DMI chirality upon hole doping is found in PbSnO2. Hence, Néel-type skyrmions can be tailored via changing hole density in PbSnO2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both SnO2 and GeO2.with different hole concentrations can host antiskyrmions or antibimerons (in-plane antiskyrmions). Our findings demonstrate the presence and tunability of topological chiral structures in p-type magnets and open up new possibility for spintronics.
Lattice effects on the physical properties of half-doped perovskite ruthenates
Authors: Brar Jaskirat , Singh Saurabh , Kuga Kentaro , Sharma Priyamedha , M Bharath , Takeuchi Tsunehiro , Bindu R
Published: March 2023

We investigate the unusual phase transitions in SrRuO3 and Sr0.5Ca0.5Ru

1
−
x

Cr
x
O3 (x = 0, 0.05 and 0.1) employing x-ray diffraction, resistivity, magnetic studies and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Our results show the compounds undergo a crossover from itinerant ferromagnetism to localized ferromagnetism. The combined studies suggest Ru and Cr be in the 4+ valence state. A Griffith phase and an enhancement in Curie temperature (T

c
) from 38 K to 107 K are observed with Cr doping. A shift in the chemical potential towards the valence band is observed with Cr doping. In the metallic samples, interestingly, a direct link between the resistivity and orthorhombic strain is observed. We also observe a connection between orthorhombic strain and T

c
in all the samples. Detailed studies in this direction will be helpful to choose suitable substrate materials for thin-film/device fabrication and hence manoeuvre its properties. In the non-metallic samples, the resistivity is mainly governed due to disorder, electron-electron correlation effects and a reduction in the number of electrons at the Fermi level. The value of the resistivity for the 5% Cr doped sample suggests semi-metallic behaviour. Understanding its nature in detail using electron spectroscopic techniques could unravel the possibility of its utility in high-mobility transistors at room temperature and its combined property with ferromagnetism will be helpful in making spintronic devices.
Negative transverse magnetoresistance due to the negative off-diagonal mass in linear dispersion materials
Authors: Awashima Yudai , Fuseya Yuki
Published: March 2023

This study calculated the magnetoresistance (MR) in the Dirac electron system, Dresselhaus–Kip–Kittel (DKK) model, and nodal-line semimetals based on the semiclassical Boltzmann theory, with particular focus on the detailed energy dispersion structure. The negative off-diagonal effective-mass was found to induce negative transverse MR owing to the energy dispersion effect. The impact of the off-diagonal mass was more prominent in case of a linear energy dispersion. Further, Dirac electron systems could realize negative MR even if the Fermi surface was perfectly spherical. The obtained negative MR in the DKK model may explain the long-standing mystery in p-type Si.
Spatial nonlocality effect on the surface plasmon propagation in plasmonic nanospheres waveguide
Authors: Mir Moslem
Published: March 2023

Spatial nonlocality affects the plasmonic characteristics of nanostructures. We used the quasi-static hydrodynamic Drude model to obtain the surface plasmon excitation energies in various metallic nanosphere structures. The surface scattering and radiation damping rates were phenomenologically incorporated into this model. We demonstrate that spatial nonlocality increases the surface plasmon frequencies and total plasmon damping rates in a single nanosphere. This effect was amplified for small nanospheres and higher multipole excitation. In addition, we find that spatial nonlocality reduces the interaction energy between two nanospheres. We extended this model to a linear periodic chain of nanospheres. Then we obtain the dispersion relation of surface plasmon excitation energies using Bloch’s theorem. We also show that spatial nonlocality decreases the group velocities and energy decay lengths of the propagating surface plasmon excitations. Finally, we demonstrated that the effect of spatial nonlocality is significant for very small nanospheres separated by short distances.