bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HPV vaccination and Native Americans: protocol for a systematic review of factors associated with HPV vaccine uptake among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the USA
Authors: Gopalani Sameer Vali , Sedani Ami E , Janitz Amanda E , Clifton Shari C , Stoner Julie , Peck Jennifer , Comiford Ashley , Salvatore Alicia L , Campbell Janis
Published: September 2020

Introduction

The nine-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine could prevent an estimated 92% of the cancers attributable to HPV types targeted by the vaccine. However, uptake of the HPV vaccine among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adolescents has been low. AI/ANs also bear a disproportionate burden of cervical and other HPV-associated cancers. Increasing HPV vaccination rates is a national priority, but reviews and national surveys on HPV vaccination factors are lacking for the AI/AN population. The objective of this systematic review is to assess factors associated with HPV vaccination among AI/ANs in the USA.

Methods and analysis

A systematic review is proposed to synthesise the current literature on HPV vaccination factors in AI/ANs from 1 July 2006 until 30 September 2019. As applicable, controlled vocabulary terms, keywords and special features (eg, limits, explode and focus) will be incorporated into database searches. To maximise the identification of relevant studies, citation indexes and databases that index dissertations, preprints and grey literature are included. Studies will be screened and selected independently in two stages. In stage 1, titles and abstracts will be screened. In stage 2, full-text articles will be screened and selected. A data extraction form and quality assessment tool will be piloted, revised and implemented. If available, measures of frequency and association will be presented. A narrative synthesis of the included studies will also be undertaken and reported.

Ethics and dissemination

As our review will use publicly available data and publications, an Institutional Review Board review will not be required. We will disseminate the findings from this review through peer-reviewed publication(s) and conference presentation(s).

Potential amendments

In the event of amendments to the protocol, we will provide the date, rationale, and description of the change for each amendment.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020156865.
Complementary medicine in orthopaedic and trauma surgery: a cross-sectional survey on usage and needs
Authors: Kilper Anica , Müller Alexander , Huber Roman , Reimers Niklas , Schütz Ludwig , Lederer Ann-Kathrin
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is frequently used in Western countries within general medicine and internal medicine. Information on the use in orthopaedic and trauma surgery is widely lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate usage and needs regarding CAM for these patients.

Design

Prospective paper-based, pseudoanonymous, cross-sectional survey.

Setting

From August to December 2018, a questionnaire composed of 17 questions was distributed to all eligible patients.

Participants

In-house patients in orthopaedic and trauma surgery at a high-volume medical centre in Germany.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Previous or current usage of CAM, interest and requests towards CAM as well as communication about CAM.

Results

Overall, 457 orthopaedic and trauma surgical patients took part in the survey. They were on average 52 years old and 54% were male. Most of the patients were admitted due to bone fractures and most underwent operative therapy. Previous or current CAM usage was stated by 76% and 30% of patients, respectively. Most of the patients stated to be interested in usage of CAM and demanded for more clinical usage of CAM and reliable information about CAM. More than 90% of patients did not discuss CAM interest or usage with their treating physicians. Patients stated that physicians should have knowledge about CAM. They wish to be treated in a holistic manner and want to strengthen self-efficacy.

Conclusions

Usage of CAM of patients in orthopaedic and trauma surgery appears to be high. Only a few patients discuss their interest and usage of CAM with their treating physician. Therefore, surgeons should ask their patients about CAM and should consider evidence-based CAM approaches for complementary treatment.

Trial registration number

DRKS0001544.
Factors associated with fear of hypoglycaemia among the T1D Exchange Glu population in a cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Liu Jingwen , Bispham Jeoffrey , Fan Ludi , Poon Jiat-Ling , Hughes Allyson , Mcauliffe-Fogarty Alicia , Varnado Oralee , Mitchell Beth
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Fear of hypoglycaemia (FoH) has been associated with suboptimal diabetes management and health outcomes. This study investigated factors associated with behavioural and emotional aspects of FoH among adults living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) mellitus.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Online survey hosted on T1D Exchange Glu, an online community for patients living with T1D mellitus.

Measures

The Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey II-short form and the Hypoglycaemic Attitudes and Behaviour Scale were used to assess FoH. Multivariable regressions were performed on assessment scores.

Results

The study included 494 participants (mean±SD age 43.9±12.2 years, duration of T1D mellitus 16.6±16.8 years, self-reported glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 6.9%±0.8% (52±9 mmol/mol)), 63% men, 89% on insulin pump, 25% experienced a severe hypoglycaemic event in the last 6 months. Multivariable regression analyses showed higher anxiety, depression severity and diabetes distress were independently associated with FoH (all p<0.01). Longer diabetes duration was associated with lower FoH (p<0.01). Past experience with severe hypoglycaemia was associated with higher worry of hypoglycaemia (p<0.01) but not avoidance behaviour (ns).

Conclusions

These results highlighted the multifaceted nature of FoH, which warrants further discussion between providers and patients to uncover drivers of and actions required to reduce FoH and improve patient care and outcomes.
Epidemiology and determinants of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and its conversion to type 2 diabetes mellitus, 2000–2015: cohort population study using UK electronic health records
Authors: Ravindrarajah Rathi , Reeves David , Howarth Elizabeth , Meacock Rachel , Soiland-Reyes Claudia , Cotterill Sarah , Whittaker William , Heller Simon , Sutton Matt , Bower Peter , Kontopantelis Evangelos
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To study the characteristics of UK individuals identified with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH) and their conversion rates to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from 2000 to 2015, using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Design

Cohort study.

Settings

UK primary Care Practices.

Participants

Electronic health records identified 14 272 participants with NDH, from 2000 to 2015.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Baseline characteristics and conversion trends from NDH to T2DM were explored. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated predictors of conversion.

Results

Crude conversion was 4% within 6 months of NDH diagnosis, 7% annually, 13% within 2 years, 17% within 3 years and 23% within 5 years. However, 1-year conversion fell from 8% in 2000 to 4% in 2014. Individuals aged 45–54 were at the highest risk of developing T2DM (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.25— compared with those aged 18–44), and the risk reduced with older age. A body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2 was strongly associated with conversion (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.92 to 2.13—compared with those with a normal BMI). Depression (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.13), smoking (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.11—compared with non-smokers) or residing in the most deprived areas (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.24—compared with residents of the most affluent areas) was modestly associated with conversion.

Conclusion

Although the rate of conversion from NDH to T2DM fell between 2010 and 2015, this is likely due to changes over time in the cut-off points for defining NDH, and more people of lower diabetes risk being diagnosed with NDH over time. People aged 45–54, smokers, depressed, with high BMI and more deprived are at increased risk of conversion to T2DM.
Predicting the need for retreatment in venous sinus stenting for idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Kahan Joshua , Sundararajan Sri , Brown Kenroy , Dinkin Marc , Oliveira Cristiano , Patsalides Athos
Published: September 2020

Background

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a disease of raised intra-cranial pressure of unknown etiology. Lateral cerebral venous sinus stenosis (VSS) has been increasingly reported in these patients, and stenting has emerged as an alternative treatment for medically refractory symptoms. Treatment efficacy on meta-analysis appears promising, but identifying which patients are likely to benefit most, and which are likely to require repeat procedures, is currently unclear.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively collected database of 79 patients treated with venous sinus stenting at a single academic center with minimum follow-up of 18 months. We extracted baseline clinical data, as well as manometry at lumbar puncture and during angiography, and used logistic regression to identify parameters that could predict stent failure.

Results

Retreatment rate after successful VSS was 13.9%. Lumbar puncture opening pressure (OP) was shown to significantly predict treatment failure (ß=0.06; OR=1.064 (1.003–1.135); P=0.039). This effect remained significant when age, sex and body mass index were added to the model (ß=0.06; OR=1.066 (1.002–1.140); P=0.043). OP was correlated with venous sinus manometry readings in the superior sagittal and transverse sinus pre-stent placement, as well trans-stenotic gradient (P<0.001).

Conclusions

Higher lumbar puncture OP was associated with an increased risk of stent failure in transverse sinus stenting for idiopathic intracranial hypertension, although the performance of this model as a linear discriminator was poor. Further studies are required to better assess which patients are at greatest risk of treatment failure.
Feasibility study of a shielding-independent radiation portal monitor system for revealing 241-Am orphan sources in radiometric surveillance of scrap metal
Authors: Zorloni Gabriele , Tancioni Paolo , Caresana Marco
Published: September 2020

Orphan radioactive sources inadvertently melted in steel plants are a health and economical hazard. Thus, regulation authorities impose strict control measurements to be performed at these plants. However, a recent series of incidents related to the melting of $${}^{241}\hbox {Am}$$

241

Am

sources demonstrated the inadequacy of even state of the art systems in revealing this low-energy gamma ray emitter up to activities of the order of hundreds GBq. However, $${}^{241}\hbox {Am}$$

241

Am

sources are characterized by a weak neutron emission which can be detected by proper monitor systems. This work provides a feasibility study of a shielding-independent neutron-sensitive portal monitor system to be installed in steel plants. Measurements were performed both with a certified $${}^{241}\hbox {Am}$$

241

Am

shielded source and at the weighing area of a steel plant, to assess both the detector performance and the practical feasibility of the system implementation in work-place fields. A risk evaluation analysis demonstrated that with the current control systems $${}^{241}\hbox {Am}$$

241

Am

sources up to 185 GBq could pass undetected with a potential exposure for workers equal to 1.7 mSv, consistent with recent accidents reports. The proposed technique could reveal $${}^{241}\hbox {Am}$$

241

Am

activities down to 2 GBq, decreasing the worker exposure down to 24 $$\upmu \hbox {Sv}$$

μ
Sv

, without interfering with the standard plant operations.
Electromechanical Coupling and Energy Conversion in a PZT-Coated Acoustic Black Hole Beam
Authors: Zhang Linli , Kerschen Gaetan , Cheng Li
Published: September 2020

The phenomenon of acoustic black hole (ABH) exhibits unique and appealing features when bending waves propagate along a structure with a tailored power-law thickness profile. The ABH-induced wave retarding and energy focussing are conducive to effective wave manipulation and energy harvesting. Using a PZT-coated ABH beam as a benchmark, this paper investigates the electromechanical coupling between the PZT patches and the host beam and explores the resultant energy conversion efficiency for potential energy-harvesting (EH) applications. An improved semi-analytical model, considering the full coupling among various electromechanical components in the system, is proposed based on Timoshenko deformation assumption and validated through comparisons with FEM and experimental results. Numerical analyses are then conducted to show typical ABH-specific features as well as the influence of the PZT layout on the electromechanical coupling of the system and the corresponding EH efficiency. Results show that ABH effects entail effective and broadband EH upon proper design of the system with due consideration of the PZT layout in relation to the wavelength and frequency range. Some design guidelines on the installation of PZTs are provided in view of maximization of the ABH benefits and the energy-harvesting performance.
The Influence Mechanism and Optimization of the Sensor Network on the MS/AE Source Location
Authors: Li Nan , Ge Maochen , Wang Enyuan , Zhang Shaohua
Published: September 2020

The sensor network layout is a key factor affecting the accuracy and stability of the microseismic/acoustic source (MS/AE) location. Based on the arrival-time-difference principle, the hyperbolic/hyperboloidal governing equations for the source location are derived. The nonuniformity geometrical characteristics of hyperbolic/hyperboloidal field for the source location are obtained. The sensor network does not induce any location errors; it only affects the source location accuracy by amplifying the existing errors in the input data during the source location process. Also, this amplication effect of the input data errors is characterized by nonuniformity because of the nonuniformity of the hyperbolic/hyperboloidal field. Furthermore, two basic effects, the geometrical spreading and the directional control, of the sensor network are investigated, and the three-dimensional space quantitative models of these two effects are established, respectively. The influence of the wave velocity error and arrival time error on the source location accuracy is analytically compared, and the propagation characteristics of these two types of errors during the source location process are revealed. The concepts of critical arrival-time difference and critical hyperbola/hyperboloid are proposed. Based on these two concepts, the monitoring area can be divided into two regions where the source location accuracy is controlled by the velocity error and the arrival time error, respectively. The concept of direction angle of paired sensors is proposed, and the relationship between the source location and the layout of four typical paired sensors is studied. Finally, the principles of sensor network optimization are determined.
Chattering-Free Reference Sliding Variable-Based SMC
Authors: Adamiak Katarzyna
Published: September 2020

The paper addresses the problem of chattering elimination in sliding mode control for sampled data dynamical systems and proposes an innovative control scheme. The key to the proposed control method is utilizing a pregenerated nonswitching type reference sliding variable profile to control the disturbed plant. As sampled data systems contain sample-and-hold devices in their input and output channels, we carry out a discrete time analysis. We consider the discretization effects on the controller in two aspects: the pace of convergence of the system and the ultimate band width. Consequently, in the reference sliding variable generator, we analyse two reaching laws, differently adapting to changes of the controller’s frequency. We prove that this approach not only minimizes the chattering phenomenon but also provides a reduction of the quasi-sliding mode band width, which in general case remains of O(T) order. Furthermore, the proposed control method incorporates a disturbance compensation algorithm, which results in the ultimate band width of O(T2) order. Finally, we also show that a certain selection of the sliding plane guarantees limitation of all the state variables’ errors to O(T2) order as well. Therefore, the proposed control algorithm significantly improves the system’s robustness.
Balloon Deflation Strategy during Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial and Numerical Simulation-Based Analysis
Authors: Gu Jun , Zhuo Yang , Liu Tian-jiao , Li Jie , Yin Zhao-fang , Xu Zuo-jun , Fan Li , He Qing , Chen Kan , Zeng Hua-su , Wang Xiao-fei , Fan Yu-qi , Zhang Jun-feng , Liang Fu-you , Wang Chang-qian
Published: September 2020

Background. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the best available reperfusion strategy in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, PCI is associated with a serious problem known as no-reflow phenomenon, resulting in poor clinical and functional outcomes. This study aimed to compare the influences of different balloon deflation velocity on coronary flow and cardiovascular events during primary PCI in STEM as well as transient hemodynamic changes in in vitro experiments.Method and Results. 211 STEMI patients were randomly assigned to either a rapid or a slow balloon deflation group during stent deployment. The primary end point was coronary flow at the end of PCI procedure, and secondary end points included myocardial infarct size. Transient hemodynamic changes were evaluated through an in vitro experimental apparatus and a computer model. In clinical practice, the level of corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC) in slow balloon deflation after primary PCI was significantly lower than that of rapid balloon deflation, which was associated with smaller infarct size. Numerical simulations revealed that the rapid deflation led to a sharp acceleration of flow in the balloon-vessel gap and a concomitant abnormal rise in wall shear stress (WSS).Conclusion. This randomized study demonstrated that the slow balloon deflation during stent implantation improved coronary flow and reduced infarct size in reperfused STEMI. The change of flow in the balloon-vessel gap and WSS resulted from different balloon deflation velocity might be partly accounted for this results.
Uncovering the Mechanism of the Effects of Pien-Tze-Huang on Liver Cancer Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Liu Shanghui , Wang Run , Lou Yan , Liu Jia
Published: September 2020

Pien-Tze-Huang (PTH) has a long history in the treatment of liver cancer. However, its molecular mechanism of action remains unclear. TCMSP and TCM were used to collect the active ingredients. Bioactive compounds targets were predicted by reverse pharmacophore models. The antiliver cancer targets of PTH were selected by gene comparison of liver cancer in the GEO database. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding activity of the targets and the active ingredients. The DAVID was used to analyze the gene function and signal pathway. A model was built with Cytoscape. The core genes were obtained by PPI network. We screened the 4 main medicinal ingredients of PTH to obtain 16 active ingredient, 190 potential targets, and 6 core genes. We found that active small molecules exert anticancer effects by multiple pathways. The core genes were involved in multiple biological processes. We also found that eight chemical components play a greater role in inhibiting liver cancer. PTH achieves the effect of inhibiting liver cancer through the synergistic effect of multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways. This study provides a potential scientific basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of action of PTH against liver cancer.
Study on the Vibration Effect of Short Footage Blasting Load on Surrounding Rock-Support Structure of Tunnel
Authors: Dai Chunquan , Sui Hongtao , Ma Chao
Published: September 2020

In the excavation process of a drilling and blasting tunnel, it takes multiple blasting excavations to form, so it is inevitable to produce multiple blasting impact loads, which will cause certain vibration damage to the surrounding rock-support structure. To solve this problem, based on the attenuation formula of blasting vibration wave and considering the cumulative effect of short footage blasting load, the radial displacement formula of surrounding rock particles is derived, and the analytical solution of vibration velocity field is obtained by using the method of separating variables. Then, taking Cuobuling station of Qingdao Metro as the engineering background, the finite element software is used to simulate the tunnel excavation process under the action of short footage multiple blasting. The vibration damage impact of multiple blasting loads on the surrounding rock-supporting structure is analyzed from the accumulated displacement value and vibration velocity cumulative value of the excavation tunnel. The results show that the damage accumulation effect is produced in the surrounding rock of each section during the blasting construction, among which the accumulation is the largest at the arch bottom. With the increase of blasting times, the damage of the surrounding rock is still accumulating gradually. Compared with the first blasting, the peak value of vibration velocity of the second blasting increased by 114%, and with the increase of blasting times, the variation trend of maximum vibration velocity of the measuring point showed an upward trend, but the subsequent vibration acceleration decreased. Under the condition of grade V surrounding rock, when the thickness of the concrete spray layer is 350 mm, the maximum displacement cumulative value of each measuring point in profile 1-1 is reduced by about 50.4% compared with that without support. According to the displacement nephogram of the concrete spray layer, the displacement of the concrete spray layer accumulates after three times of blasting, which affects the stability of the supporting structure. Finally, an example analysis is carried out and compared with the analytical model results to verify the accuracy of the mechanical model.
Investigation of Traffic Loading Effects for Different Codes on Medium‐ and Small‐Span Girder Bridges in China
Authors: Gao Qingfei , Wu Biao , Li Jun , Cui Kemeng , Xu Chuang
Published: September 2020

With increasing traffic volume, the traffic load grade given by design codes has gradually increased. For new bridges, there is no problem, and the traffic load can be met through the requirements of the new code. However, for existing bridges, there is a lack of uniform standards on whether they can continue to be used. It is not clear whether these bridges will be judged according to the new code or the original design code. The traffic loading effects of different codes on medium‐ and small‐span girder bridges in China are investigated in this study. Three codes are introduced: JTJ 021‐89, JTG D60‐2004, and JTG D60‐2015. Simply supported girder bridges and continuous girder bridges are discussed. The traffic loading effects calculated based on JTG D60‐2015 are significantly larger than those calculated based on JTJ 021‐89. For simply supported girder bridges, most of the differences range from 20% to 40%, and the maximum value is almost larger than 60%. For continuous girder bridges, most of the differences in the positive bending moments are concentrated in the 20%∼40% range, while the differences in the negative bending moments range from 10% to 20%. Therefore, the differences in traffic loading effects calculated based on various codes cannot be ignored in actual bridge engineering. The conclusion in this study can provide a basis for bridge structure evaluation and life prediction.
Malabsorption Syndrome due to Intestinal Amyloidosis as Presentation of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bessa Filipe , Gaspar Pedro , Antunes Meireles Pedro , Parreira Maria Inês , Serrazina Pedro Juliana , Teixeira da Silva Marisa , Meneses João , Victorino Rui , Mota Catarina
Published: September 2020

Renal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies. Designated in the literature as “the great masquerader,” the great diversity of clinical manifestations is associated with the several paraneoplastic syndromes that potentially accompany it. Paraneoplastic amyloidosis is described in about 3–8% of cases, only exceptionally as an initial manifestation, with uncommon gastrointestinal involvement. A rare case of malabsorption by intestinal amyloidosis is presented as initial manifestation of renal cell carcinoma, emphasizing the need for early recognition of these paraneoplastic conditions.
Blockchain-Based Internet of Vehicles Privacy Protection System
Authors: Su Tianhong , Shao Sujie , Guo Shaoyong , Lei Min
Published: September 2020

With the development of wireless local area networks and intelligent transportation technologies, the Internet of Vehicles is considered to be an effective method to alleviate the severe situation of the current transportation system. The vehicles in the Internet of Vehicles system build the Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks through wireless communication technology and dynamically provide different services through the real-time driving information broadcast by the vehicles. Vehicle drivers can control the distance, planning the driving route, between vehicles according to the current traffic environment, which improves the overall safety and efficiency of the traffic system. Due to the particularity of the Internet of Vehicles system service, vehicles need to broadcast their location information frequently. Attackers can collect and analyze vehicle broadcast information to steal privacy and even directionally track the owner through the driving trajectory, bringing serious security risks. This paper proposes a blockchain-based privacy protection system for the Internet of Vehicles. The system combines the blockchain with the Internet of Vehicles system to design a safe and efficient two-way authentication and key agreement algorithm through encryption and signature algorithm, which also solves the central dependency problem of the traditional Internet of Vehicles system.
Analysis on the Fatty Acids and Volatile Components in Pleurotus geesteranus by HS-SPME-GC-MS
Authors: Liang Zhenhua , Li Shanei , Liang Qiongxin , Ji Liqiang , Wang Jinmei , Li Changqin
Published: September 2020

The volatile constituents and fatty acids in Pleurotus geesteranus were assayed by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with GC-MS. There were 5 volatile compounds in P. geesteranus that accounted for 43.43% of the total ion current peak area, and its main compounds were 2-undecanone (13.99%), 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl pyrazine (12.67%), and l-β-bisabolene (6.79%). Fourteen compounds were identified in the ethanol extract of P. geesteranus and 6 fatty acids were identified from the petroleum ether extract, which accounted for 93.72% and 98.48% of the total ion current peak area, the main compounds in the ethanol extract were ethyl linoleate (67.36%) and ethyl palmitate (21.83%), and the main fatty acids in the petroleum ether extract were linoleic acid (78.22%), palmitic acid (10.74%), and oleic acid (8.13%).
Self-Medication Practices among the Adolescent Population of South Karnataka, India
Authors: Mathias Edlin Glane , D’souza Anjalin , Prabhu Savitha
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Self-medication is used every day in the form of self-care of our health. Different studies in India have shown that more than 50% of the adolescent population takes self-medication every day for their health. Self-medication is an important concern at the global level, and it is an important issue in the health area. Aims. To determine the prevalence of self-medication among adolescents, identifying the commonly used drugs as self-medication and finding the association between self-medication and selected demographic variables are important. Materials and Methods. In a descriptive cross-sectional survey, 220 adolescents were enrolled through cluster random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire (developed by the researcher) along with a demographic profile sheet to assess the prevalence of self-medication and commonly used drugs was exercised. In the study, self-medication was defined as the consumption of medication without the prescription of the physician in the past year. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS 16.0 software, and the significance of p value (<0.05) was considered. Results. Around 120 (54.5%) adolescents were in the age group of 17 years; among them, 123 (55.9%) were females. The prevalence of self-medication was found to be 173 (78.6%). Antipyretics were consumed by 147 (78.6%) adolescents and antitussives by 120 (54.5%). It was observed that 110 (50%) of the adolescents preferred allopathic system of medication. It was also reported that 52 (23.6%) adolescents self-medicated continuously (i.e., for a month). The results also showed that factors like the type of family (χ2 = 9.615, p<0.05), father’s education (χ2 = 13.791, p<0.05), mother’s education (χ2 = 14.633, p<0.05), and distance from a nearest medical store (χ2 = 17.290, p<0.05) were associated with self-medication. Conclusion. The present study has shown that the prevalence of self-medication is high among adolescents, and most of them had taken it without consulting a doctor. The study concludes that it is important to create awareness among adolescents regarding self-medication.
Bioinspired Mobility-Aware Clustering Optimization in Flying Ad Hoc Sensor Network for Internet of Things: BIMAC-FASNET
Authors: Salam Abdu , Javaid Qaisar , Ahmad Masood
Published: September 2020

Flying ad hoc sensor network (FASNET) for Internet of Things (IoT) consists of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (multi-UAVs) with high mobility, quick changes in topology, and diverse direction. The flying multi-UAVs were operated remotely by human beings or automatically by an onboard system. The applications of multi-UAVs are remote sensing, tracking, observing, and monitoring. It has a different nature compared to ordinary ad hoc network. The speed and diverse directions of multi-UAVs make it harder to route information in a desired way. Different issues may arise due to differences in unmanned aerial vehicle mobility, speed, diverse direction, and quick changes in topology. The researchers proposed conventional ad hoc routing protocols which has poor aspects for the flying ad hoc networks. They tried to tackle the issue by using the clustering approach that divides the network structure into multiple clusters, each with its own cluster head (CH). During the selection of CH and balance cluster formation, they consider only location awareness, neighborhood range, residual energy, and connection to the base station (BS) while ignoring the multi-UAVs distance, speed, direction, degree, and communication load. In this paper, we proposed bioinspired mobility-aware clustering optimization scheme based on bee intelligence foraging behavior for routing, considering relative mobility, residual energy, degree, and communication load during CH selection and balanced cluster formation. First, the clustering problem in network is formulated to dynamic optimization problem. An algorithm is designed based on bee intelligence, applied to select optimal UAVs CH and balanced cluster. The simulation results show that the proposed BIMAC-FASNET scheme performs better among existing clustering protocols in terms of link-connection lifetime, reaffiliation rate, communication load, number of UAVs per cluster, CH lifetime, and cluster formation time.
Renta Básica Universal
Authors: Ponce Carlos
Published: September 2020

En este artículo se realiza un breve análisis económico relativo a la introducción de una renta básica universal (RBU), una de las propuestas más controvertidas de los últimos tiempos. Existen diversos mecanismos para proveer asistencia social. Es útil caracterizar a los mismos de acuerdo a dos dimensiones.  Continuar leyendo...
Ontogeny and Dynamics of the Gonadal Development, Embryogenesis, and Gestation in Xenotoca eiseni (Cyprinodontiformes, Goodeidae)
Authors: Tinguely Simone M. , Lange Anke , Tyler Charles R.
Published: September 2020

We characterized the ontogeny and dynamics of gonadal development, embryogenesis, and gestation in captive stocks of the viviparous redtail splitfin, Xenotoca eiseni. Using histology, we showed that gonads were fully differentiated at the time of birth with a male:female sex ratio of 1:1 in the captive stock. External secondary sex features included a modified anal fin and a distinctive orange tail coloration. These features first appeared at 4 weeks after birth and were discriminative for males thereafter. There was no sex-related dichotomy in body size, and X. eiseni reached sexual maturity at approximately 12 weeks of age. We found no evidence for sperm storage in females. Gestation normally took 6 weeks, and there was a positive correlation between female body size and the number of offspring produced, with up to 27 offspring for a single pregnancy. Yolk is the main food source for developing embryos for the period up to 2 weeks, and thereafter, trophotaeniae in embryos act as nutrient exchange surfaces in the ovarian lumen, which subsequently undergo complete regression within 2 weeks of birth. In our final analysis, we discuss the great potential of X. eiseni as a model for studying the effects of chemicals on sexual development.
The Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Clinical Outcomes after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Drug-Eluting Stents for Left Main Distal Bifurcation Lesions in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Watanabe Yusuke , Mitomo Satoru , Naganuma Toru , Takagi Kensuke , Matsuoka Satoshi , Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Chieffo Alaide , Carlino Mauro , Montorfano Matteo , Nakamura Sunao , Colombo Antonio
Published: September 2020

Background: The impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for unprotected left main (ULM) distal bifurcation lesions in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is poorly understood in the era of drug-eluting stents (DESs). Objective: We assessed the impact of DM on clinical outcomes after PCI for ULM distal bifurcation lesions in CKD patients compared to patients without DM. Methods: We identified 1,832 consecutive patients who underwent PCI for ULM lesions at New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy, and EMO-GVM, Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy between January 2005 and August 2015. Of the 1,832 patients, 1,391 were treated with DESs. We excluded 750 patients without CKD and 89 hemodialysis patients. Finally, 552 patients with CKD were included: 219 with DM (DM group) and 333 without DM (no DM group). The primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF) at 5 years. TLF was defined as a composite of cardiac death, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and myocardial infarction. Results: Patients in the DM group were more likely to have hypertension, dyslipidemia, peripheral artery disease, and lower ejection fraction and were more frequently using insulin for DM. The TLF rate during the follow-up period was significantly higher in the DM than in the no DM group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–2.13; p = 0.023). Cardiac mortality was comparable between both groups (adjusted HR 1.11; 95% CI 0.63–1.95; p = 0.71). The TLR rate was significantly higher in the DM group than in the no DM group (adjusted HR 1.69; 95% CI 1.12–2.54; p = 0.012). Conclusion: DM is strongly associated with adverse event after PCI for ULM distal bifurcation lesions in CKD patients compared to those without DM.
A Comprehensive Ultrasonographic Assessment of Pediatric and Adolescent Varicocele Can Improve Surgical Results
Authors: Pensabene Marco , Di Pace Maria Rita , Baldanza Fabio , Sergio Maria , Cimador Marcello
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Undetected refluxing venous systems could cause persistence/recurrence of varicoceles in patients undergoing varicocelectomy. Color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) is an important tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of varicocele, and could be successfully used to detect a venous reflux in the iliac-deferential district, usually involved in the recurrence/persistence of varicocele. Materials and Methods: We compared 2 historical series of patients treated with Palomo laparoscopic varicocelectomy between 1994 and 2018. In group 1, preoperative scrotal CDUS was obtained, while in group 2, additional inguinal CDUS was performed in order to detect a refluxing deferential vein (DV). When a deferential reflux was found, the DV and internal spermatic vein were interrupted during the same Palomo laparoscopic varicocelectomy. Results: A total of 449 patients underwent left laparoscopic varicocelectomy; 146 of them were not studied for deferential reflux with CDUS (group 1), while in the remaining 303, routine CDUS research of deferential reflux was obtained (group 2). The persistence/recurrence rate was significantly higher in group 1 (13.7 vs. 1%, p < 0.000). Conclusions: The research of a refluxing DV revealed a useful, cost-effective, and simple tool, allowing a better comprehension of the vascular anatomy of varicocele and, thus, a significant reduction of varicocele persistence/recurrence rate.
Cytokine Adsorption to Polymyxin B-Immobilized Fiber: An in vitro Study
Authors: Utsunomiya Toshiaki , Mimura-Kimura Yuka , Yamamoto Takeshi , Aoe Keisuke , Oishi Keiji , Kamei Haruhito , Matsunaga Kazuto , Yano Masafumi , Mimura Yusuke
Published: September 2020

Background: Acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) are episodes of acute respiratory worsening characterized by diffuse alveolar damage superimposed on usual interstitial pneumonia. Direct hemoperfusion with a polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column (PMX-DHP) is reported to have beneficial effects on the respiratory status and outcome in patients with AE-IPF although its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated. Objective: To investigate whether and how the PMX-immobilized fiber (PMX-F) adsorbs cytokines because reduction of the serum levels of various cytokines has been noted in AE-IPF patients receiving PMX-DHP. Methods: The propensity of recombinant cytokines for adsorption onto PMX-F was examined by incubating cytokines with heparin-coated or uncoated PMX-F for 2 h at 37°C. Cytokines were quantitated by multiplex bead array assay or ELISA. Results: Interleukin (IL)-8, RANTES, platelet-derived growth factor-bb, and transforming growth factor-β were substantially adsorbed onto PMX-F without heparin coating. The adsorbed cytokines could be eluted with PMX sulfate, indicating that the PMX moiety is involved in cytokine adsorption. Importantly, although IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, fibroblast growth factor 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A were adsorbed onto PMX-F to lesser extents, the adsorption was enhanced by heparin coating of PMX-F. Furthermore, heparin-coated PMX-F acquired the capability to adsorb IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α. An affinity of heparin to PMX was determined (Kd = 0.061 ± 0.032 mg/mL), which accounts for the enhanced cytokine adsorption onto PMX-F upon heparin coating. Conclusions: Various cytokines involved in inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular permeability were shown to be adsorbed onto PMX-F. Removal of multiple cytokines may be associated with positive impacts of PMX-DHP in patients with AE-IPF.
Non-independent speed control for dual-PMSM drives fed by a single three-leg VSI
Authors: Mat Lazi Jurifa , Ibrahim Zulkifilie , Nizam Talib Md Hairul
Published: September 2020

The objective of this article is to analyze the performances of Non-Independent Speed Control of Dual-PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronize Motor) Drives by a single Three-Leg Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) using control of Mean and Differential Torque technique. In general, there are two types of control strategies for Dual-Motor drives. One is Master-Slave technique and another one is Mean Control technique. For mean control technique, this study chooses mean and differential approach for the motors parameters and averaging the voltage space vector. The advantages of Dual-Motor drives fed by a single inverter topology are, it can reduce size and cost compared to the Dual-motor drives fed by individual inverter, either in industrial or in traction applications. However, by using a single three-phase inverter, the topology only restricted for the same operating conditions which are at the same speed, same parameters and same direction. The dual-motors are dependent (non-independent) on the other motor. It is can only be tested on different load operation. The analysis is focuses on speed and load variation for Dual-PMSM drives considering the forward and reverse operations of the motor. This simulation model is modelled using MATLAB-Simulink.
Bioinformatic analysis reveals hub genes and pathways that promote melanoma metastasis
Authors: Su Wenxing , Guan Yi , Huang Biao , Wang Juanjuan , Wei Yuqian , Zhao Ying , Jiao Qingqing , Ji Jiang , Yu Daojiang , Xu Longjiang
Published: September 2020

Background

Melanoma has the highest mortality rate of all skin tumors, and metastases are the major cause of death from it. The molecular mechanism leading to melanoma metastasis is currently unclear.

Methods

With the goal of revealing the underlying mechanism, three data sets with accession numbers GSE8401, GSE46517 and GSE7956 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After identifying the differentially expressed gene (DEG) of primary melanoma and metastatic melanoma, three kinds of analyses were performed, namely functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module construction, and co-expression and drug-gene interaction prediction analysis.

Results

A total of 41 up-regulated genes and 79 down-regulated genes was selected for subsequent analyses. Results of pathway enrichment analysis showed that extracellular matrix organization and proteoglycans in cancer are closely related to melanoma metastasis. In addition, seven pivotal genes were identified from PPI network, including CXCL8, THBS1, COL3A1, TIMP3, KIT, DCN, and IGFBP5, which have all been verified in the TCGA database and clinical specimens, but only CXCL8, THBS1 and KIT had significant differences in expression.

Conclusions

To conclude, CXCL8, THBS1 and KIT may be the hub genes in the metastasis of melanoma and thus may be regarded as therapeutic targets in the future.
The diagnostic value of homocysteine for the occurrence and acute progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wei Bing , Tian Tian , Liu Yugeng , Li Chunsheng
Published: September 2020

Background

This study aimed to evaluate whether the Homocysteine (Hcy) level was elevated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and its correlation with the occurrence and acute progression of COPD.

Methods

From November 2014 to November 2015, COPD patients were enrolled from Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, and the the biological and clinical data were collected. These patients were tested in the non-acute exacerbation period and the acute exacerbation period, so they were defined as AECOPD group and Non-AECOPD group. Besides, 50 healthy subjects were recruited and defined as control group. Total plasma Hcy levels (antibodies-online, USA) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum Hcy level and ventilatory function. Using ROC curve, the diagnostic value of Hcy for the occurrence and acute progression of COPD was explored.

Results

In this study, we found that Hcy levels in the Non-AECOPD group or the AECOPD group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, compared with the Non-AECOPD group, the Hcy level in the AECOPD group was significantly higher (P < 0.001). In addition, according to the classification of GOLD grade, there was significant difference in the Hcy level among different GOLD grade groups (P < 0.001). The correlation analysis showed that in the AECOPD group and the Non-AECOPD group, Hcy levels presented a negative correlation with FEV1(r < 0). Meanwhile, FEV1% was also negatively correlated with Hcy level (r < 0). ROC curve analysis showed that when the cutoff value was set to 10.8 μg/ml, the specificity, sensitivity and AUC were the best, which were 0.980, 0.800, and 0.945, respectively. Besides, our results showed that when the cutoff value was set to 14.0 μg / ml, the specificity, sensitivity and AUC were the best, which were 0.846, 0.680, and 0.802, respectively. In addition, compared with the prediction of acute progression of COPD, when Hcy level predicted the occurrence of COPD, its specificity (0.980 vs. 0.846, P < 0.001) and sensitivity (0.800 vs. 0.680, P < 0.001) were significantly higher.

Conclusion

Hcy level is positively correlated with the severity of COPD patients, which has predictive value for the occurrence of COPD and acute progression.
Inhibiting MAPK14 showed anti-prolactinoma effect
Authors: Ding Qiao-yan , Zhang Yu , Ma Li , Chen Yong-gang , Wu Jin-hu , Zhang Hong-feng , Wang Xiong
Published: September 2020

Background

The specific underlying pathogenesis of prolactinoma has not been clarified yet, to the best of our knowledge. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling including p38α MAPK (MAPK14), p38β (MAPK11), p38γ (MAPK12) and p38δ (MAPK13) is associated with the development and progression of several types of cancer.

Methods

Immunofluorescence analysis was performed on the prolactin (PRL) and MAPK14 expressions of pituitary gland in C57BL/6 mice and human prolactinoma specimen. In the present study, the role of MAPK14 in prolactinoma was determined using estradiol-induced mice and dopamine D2 receptor knockout (DRD2−/−) mice models in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), MAPK14−/− and DRD2−/−MAPK14+/− mice. GH3 cells were transfected with different sets of MAPK14 small interfering RNA, which to study MAPK14 and PRL expression in GH3 cells.

Results

Immunofluorescence analysis showed that PRL and MAPK14 expression were colocalized and increased in the pituitary gland of mice and human prolactinoma specimen compared with the control specimen. It was shown that PRL and MAPK14 expression was colocalized and increased significantly in the pituitary gland of estradiol-injected prolactinoma mice compared with the control mice. Knockout of MAPK14 significantly inhibited tumor overgrowth, and PRL expression was decreased in estradiol-induced mice. Furthermore, MAPK14 knockout of DRD2−/−MAPK14+/− mice significantly reduced the overgrowth of pituitary gland and PRL production and secretion compared with DRD2−/− mice. MAPK14 knockout using siRNA inhibited PRL production in GH3 cells.

Conclusion

These results suggest that MAPK14 serves a promoting role in the formation of prolactinoma, and highlights the potential of MAPK14 as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of prolactinoma.