bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revealing the Character of Orbits in a Binary System Consisting of a Primary Galaxy and a Satellite Companion
Authors: Zotos Euaggelos E.
Published: February 2013

In this article, we present a galactic gravitational model of three degrees of freedom (3D), in order to study and reveal the character of the orbits of the stars, in a binary stellar system composed of a primary quiet or active galaxy and a small satellite companion galaxy. Our main dynamical analysis will be focused on the behaviour of the primary galaxy. We investigate in detail the regular or chaotic nature of motion, in two different cases: (i) the time-independent model in both 2D and 3D dynamical systems and (ii) the time-evolving 3D model. For the description of the structure of the 2D system, we use the classical method of the Poincaré (x, px), y = 0, py < 0 phase plane. In order to study the structure of the phase space of the 3D system, we take sections in the plane y = 0 of the 3D orbits, whose initial conditions differ from the plane parent periodic orbits, only by the z component. The set of the four-dimensional points in the (x, px, z, pz) phase space is projected on the (z, pz) plane. The maximum Lyapunov characteristic exponent is used in order to make an estimation of the chaoticity of our galactic system, in both 2D and 3D dynamical models. Our numerical calculations indicate that the percentage of the chaotic orbits increases when the primary galaxy has a dense and massive nucleus. The presence of the dense galactic core also increases the stellar velocities near the center of the galaxy. Moreover, for small values of the distance R between the two bodies, low-energy stars display chaotic motion, near the central region of the galaxy, while for larger values of the distance R, the motion in active galaxies is entirely regular for low-energy stars. Our simulations suggest that in galaxies with a satellite companion, the chaotic nature of motion is not only a result of the galactic interaction between the primary galaxy and its companion, but also a result caused by the presence of the dense nucleus in the core of the primary galaxy. Theoretical arguments are presented in order to support and interpret the numerically derived outcomes. Furthermore, we follow the 3D evolution of the primary galaxy, when mass is transported adiabatically from the disk to the nucleus. Our numerical results are in satisfactory agreement with observational data obtained from the M51-type binary stellar systems. A comparison between the present research and similar and earlier work is also made.
eIF4E3 acts as a tumor suppressor by utilizing an atypical mode of methyl-7-guanosine cap recognition
Authors: Osborne Michael J. , Volpon Laurent , Kornblatt Jack A. , Culjkovic-Kraljacic Biljana , Baguet Aurélie , Borden Katherine L. B.
Published: February 2013

Recognition of the methyl-7-guanosine (m
7
G) cap structure on mRNA is an essential feature of mRNA metabolism and thus gene expression. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) promotes translation, mRNA export, proliferation, and oncogenic transformation dependent on this cap-binding activity. eIF4E–cap recognition is mediated via complementary charge interactions of the positively charged m
7
G cap between the negative π-electron clouds from two aromatic residues. Here, we demonstrate that a variant subfamily, eIF4E3, specifically binds the m
7
G cap in the absence of an aromatic sandwich, using instead a different spatial arrangement of residues to provide the necessary electrostatic and van der Waals contacts. Contacts are much more extensive between eIF4E3–cap than other family members. Structural analyses of other cap-binding proteins indicate this recognition mode is atypical. We demonstrate that eIF4E3 relies on this cap-binding activity to act as a tumor suppressor, competing with the growth-promoting functions of eIF4E. In fact, reduced eIF4E3 in high eIF4E cancers suggests that eIF4E3 underlies a clinically relevant inhibitory mechanism that is lost in some malignancies. Taken together, there is more structural plasticity in cap recognition than previously thought, and this is physiologically relevant.
Nail psoriasis – a treatment challenge
Authors: Radtke Marc A. , Beikert Florian C. , Augustin Matthias
Published: February 2013

Nail involvement in psoriasis is common and mostly occurs with other lesions but can also occur alone. Besides psychosocial and aesthetic impairments, patients often complain about functional impairment. Nail psoriasis is a predictor for more severe psoriasis, decreased quality of life, and a higher risk for the development of psoriatic arthritis. Onychomycosis and other differential diagnoses should be excluded prior to treatment. This article presents an overview of different clinical appearances of nail psoriasis, the essential diagnostic assessment before treatment, important differential diagnoses, and published data on treatment options for nail psoriasis.
Impact of non‐lethal genetic sampling on the survival, longevity and behaviour of the Hermes copper (Lycaena hermes) butterfly
Authors: Marschalek Daniel A. , Jesu Julia A. , Berres Mark E.
Published: February 2013

Genetic techniques are important tools for conservation, but tissue sampling for DNA analysis can be particularly detrimental to small study organisms. Historically, obtaining DNA samples from small insects and butterflies has involved destructive (lethal) methods.

Recent improvements to DNA purification technologies have increased the likelihood that non‐lethal sampling will be successful. In spite of this, only a few studies have evaluated the impacts of sampling on survival and behaviour.

The Hermes copper, Lycaena hermes (Edwards), butterfly has a restricted distribution and generally less than 10 individuals are encountered at any one location. Non‐lethal DNA sampling would allow for genetic studies that have the potential to augment conservation decisions without causing local extirpations.

We demonstrate that removing a leg from an adult male Hermes copper does not have a measureable effect on their survival, longevity or behaviour. In addition, a single leg provides a sufficient DNA sample for amplified fragment length polymorphism studies.

The Hermes copper butterfly represents the smallest butterfly species for which the survival and behaviour has been assessed in relation to non‐lethal tissue sampling. This suggests that research involving smaller and more delicate species could utilise leg removal as a non‐lethal genetic sampling technique.
Computational modelling of the BRI1 receptor system
Authors: VAN ESSE G. WILMA , HARTER KLAUS , DE VRIES SACCO C.
Published: February 2013

Computational models are useful tools to help understand signalling pathways in plant cells. A systems biology approach where models and experimental data are combined can provide experimentally verifiable predictions and novel insights. The brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1) receptor is one of the best‐understood receptor systems in Arabidopsis with clearly described ligands, mutants and associated phenotypes. Therefore, BRI1‐mediated signalling is attractive for mathematical modelling approaches to understand and interpret the spatial and temporal dynamics of signal transduction cascades in planta. To establish such a model, quantitative data sets incorporating local protein concentration, binding affinity and phosphorylation state of the different pathway components are essential. Computational modelling is increasingly employed in studies of plant growth and development. In this section, we have focused on the use of quantitative imaging of fluorescently labelled proteins as an entry point in modelling studies.
Mutations to Essential Orphan Response Regulator HP1043 of Helicobacter pylori Result in Growth-Stage Regulatory Defects
Authors: Olekhnovich Igor N. , Vitko Serhiy , Chertihin Olga , Hontecillas Raquel , Viladomiu Monica , Bassaganya-Riera Josep , Hoffman Paul S.
Published: February 2013

Helicobacter pylori
establishes lifelong infections of the gastric mucosa, a niche considered hostile to most microbes. While responses to gastric acidity and local inflammation are understood, little is known as to how they are integrated into homeostatic control of cell division and growth-stage gene expression. Here we investigate the essential orphan response regulator HP1043, a member of the OmpR/PhoB subfamily of transcriptional regulators that is unique to the
Epsilonproteobacteria
and that lacks phosphorylation domains. To test the hypothesis that conformational changes in the homodimer might lead to defects in gene expression, we sought mutations that might alter DNA-binding efficiency. Two introduced mutations (C215S, C221S) C terminal to the DNA-binding domain of HP1043 (HP1043CC11) resulted in a 2-fold higher affinity for its own promoter by footprinting. Modeling studies with the crystal structure of HP1043 suggested that C215S might affect the helix-turn-helix domain. Genomic replacement of the
hp1043
allele with the
hp1043CC11
mutant allele resulted in a 2-fold decrease in protein levels, despite a dramatic increase in mRNA. The mutations did not affect
in vitro
growth rates or colonization efficiency in a mouse model. Proteomic profiling (CC11 mutant strain versus wild type) identified many expression differences, and quantitative PCR further revealed that 11 out of 12 examined genes had lost growth-stage regulation and that 6 of the genes contained HP1043 binding consensus sequences within the promoter regions (
fur
,
cagA
,
cag23
,
flhA
,
flip
, and
napA
). Our studies show that mutations that affect DNA-binding affinity can be used to identify new members of the HP1043 regulon.
User Experiences While Playing Dance-Based Exergames and the Influence of Different Body Motion Sensing Technologies
Authors: Thin Alasdair G. , Brown Craig , Meenan Paul
Published: February 2013

Dance Dance Revolution is a pioneering exergame which has attracted considerable interest for its potential to promote regular exercise and its associated health benefits. The advent of a range of different consumer body motion tracking video game console peripherals raises the question whether their different technological affordances (i.e., variations in the type and number of body limbs that they can track) influence the user experience while playing dance-based exergames both in terms of the level of physical exertion and the nature of the play experience. To investigate these issues a group of subjects performed a total of six comparable dance routines selected from commercial dance-based exergames (two routines from each game) on three different consoles. The subjects’ level of physical exertion was assessed by measuring oxygen consumption and heart rate. They also reported their perceived level of exertion, difficulty, and enjoyment ratings after completing each dance routine. No differences were found in the physiological measures of exertion between the peripherals/consoles. However, there were significant variations in the difficulty and enjoyment ratings between peripherals. The design implications of these results are discussed including the tension between helping to guide and coordinate player movement versus offering greater movement flexibility.
Renal Denervation Abolishes the Age-Dependent Increase in Blood Pressure in Female Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Rats at 12 Months of Age
Authors: Intapad Suttira , Tull F. Lee , Brown Andrew D. , Dasinger John Henry , Ojeda Norma B. , Fahling Joel M. , Alexander Barbara T.
Published: February 2013

Perinatal insults program sex differences in blood pressure, with males more susceptible than females. Aging may augment developmental programming of chronic disease, but the mechanisms involved are not clear. We previously reported that female growth-restricted offspring are normotensive after puberty. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that age increases susceptibility to hypertension in female growth-restricted offspring. Blood pressure remained similar at 6 months of age; however, blood pressure was significantly elevated in female growth-restricted offspring relative to control by 12 months of age (137±3 vs 117±4 mm Hg;
P
<0.01, respectively). Body weight did not differ at 6 or 12 months of age; however, total fat mass and visceral fat were significantly increased at 12 months in female growth-restricted offspring (
P
<0.05 vs control). Glomerular filtration rate remained normal, yet renal vascular resistance was increased at 12 months of age in female growth-restricted offspring (
P
<0.05 vs control). Plasma leptin, which can increase sympathetic nerve activity, did not differ at 6 months but was increased at 12 months of age in female growth-restricted offspring (
P
<0.05 vs control). Because of the age-dependent increase in leptin, we hypothesized that the renal nerves may contribute to the age-dependent increase in blood pressure. Bilateral renal denervation abolished the elevated blood pressure in female growth-restricted offspring normalizing it relative to denervated female control offspring. Thus, these data indicate that age induces an increase in visceral fat and circulating leptin associated with a significant increase in blood pressure in female growth-restricted offspring, with the renal nerves serving as an underlying mechanism.
Restoration of Mannose‐Binding Lectin Complement Activity Is Associated With Improved Outcome in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Treated With Gemcitabine and Intravenous ω‐3 Fish Oil
Authors: Arshad Ali , Chung Wen , Isherwood John , Steward William , Metcalfe Matthew , Dennison Ashley
Published: February 2013

Background: Pancreatic cancer has an extremely poor clinical outcome. Surrogate biomarkers for outcome are scarce. There is mixed evidence for the association of high mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) complement activity with cancer outcomes, including reduced survival and increased infectious complications. ω‐3–rich fatty acids (ω‐3FA) attenuate production of proinflammatory cytokines and potentially manipulate complement activity. Materials and Methods: As part of a single‐arm phase II trial in a university hospital, patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma were treated with weekly ω‐3FA–rich intravenous infusion (Lipidem [B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany]: up to 100 g/wk) plus gemcitabine chemotherapy until withdrawal or tumor progression. Primary outcome measure was objective response rate. Changes in complement activity, which were a secondary outcome measure, were analyzed and relation to clinical outcome determined. Results: Twenty‐three patients were assessable for time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), and complement activity. No hypoactivity in alternative and classical pathways was demonstrated. Baseline MBL was low in 10 of 23 patients (43.5%). There was no difference in OS or TTP between low‐ and high‐baseline MBL patients. Of these 10 patients, 5 were classified as MBL responders. MBL responders had a tendency toward improved OS over nonresponders (8.9 vs 4.4 months, P = .07). MBL responders had significantly improved TTP over nonresponders (10.6 vs 5.3 months, P = .03). Conclusion: MBL restoration had an association with improved outcome in the cohort of patients with low MBL activity at baseline. The independent contribution of ω‐3FA to this effect warrants further investigation in the form of randomized clinical trials.
High incidence of antibodies to protamine and protamine/heparin complexes in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Lee Grace M. , Welsby Ian J. , Phillips-Bute Barbara , Ortel Thomas L. , Arepally Gowthami M.
Published: February 2013

Key Points

A single exposure to protamine and heparin during CPB is highly sensitizing; 29% of patients develop Abs to PRT/H complexes by day 30 after CPB. PRT/H Abs share several features with platelet factor 4/heparin Abs, including high titer formation after CPB, heparin dependence, antigen specificity, and platelet activation.
Perceptual and Neuronal Boundary Learned from Higher-Order Stimulus Probabilities
Authors: Köver Hania , Gill Kirt , Tseng Yi-Ting L. , Bao Shaowen
Published: February 2013

During an early epoch of development, the brain is highly adaptive to the stimulus environment. Exposing young animals to a particular tone, for example, leads to an enlarged representation of that tone in primary auditory cortex. While the neural effects of simple tonal environments are well characterized, the principles that guide plasticity in more complex acoustic environments remain unclear. In addition, very little is known about the perceptual consequences of early experience-induced plasticity. To address these questions, we reared juvenile rats in complex multitone environments that differed in terms of the higher-order conditional probabilities between sounds. We found that the development of primary cortical acoustic representations, as well as frequency discrimination ability in adult animals, were shaped by the higher-order stimulus statistics of the early acoustic environment. Our results suggest that early experience-dependent cortical reorganization may mediate perceptual changes through statistical learning of the sensory input.
Fructose Enhanced Reduction of Bacterial Growth on Nanorough Surfaces
Authors: Durmus N. Gozde , Taylor Erik N. , Kummer Kim M. , Webster Thomas J.
Published: February 2013

Biofilms are a major source of medical device-associated infections, due to their persistent growth and antibiotic resistance. Recent studies have shown that engineering surface nanoroughness has great potential to create antibacterial surfaces. In addition, stimulation of bacterial metabolism increases the efficacy of antibacterial agents to eradicate biofilms. In this study, we combined the antibacterial effects of nanorough topographies with metabolic stimulation (i.e., fructose metabolites) to further decrease bacterial growth on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surfaces, without using antibiotics. We showed for the first time that the presence of fructose on nanorough PVC surfaces decreased planktonic bacteria growth and biofilm formation after 24 hours. Most importantly, a 60% decrease was observed on nanorough PVC surfaces soaked in a 10 mM fructose solution compared to conventional PVC surfaces. In this manner, this study demonstrated that bacteria growth can be significantly decreased through the combined use of fructose and nanorough surfaces and thus should be further studied for a wide range of antibacterial applications.
Tools for evaluating the sustainability of urban design: a review
Authors: Gil Jorge , Duarte José Pinto
Published: February 2013

The present policy objective of sustainable urban development has created the need for methods of ex ante evaluation of local area development projects that assess the contribution of alternative solutions to the general sustainability goals. For this reason, we have seen the evolution of building energy assessment methods into sustainable neighbourhood assessment methods that are more integrative and contextual to accommodate the complexities of the urban scale. This article identifies and reviews a selection of sustainable urban development evaluation tools that are applicable to the early stages of urban design projects, to provide a clearer picture of the state of play to those needing to use such tools and those wanting to develop new ones. The review follows an analytical framework covering the format, structure, content and output of the tools, based on the recommendations of planning evaluation theory and the requirements of urban design practice. Since no single tool stands out from the review, the choice is not simple and there is scope both to further improve existing tools and develop new ones. The paper concludes proposing a strategy for the development of robust and compatible sustainable urban development evaluation methods based on four goals: collaboration, compatibility, customisation and combination.
Late Cenomanian–Turonian (Cretaceous) ammonites from Wadi Qena, central Eastern Desert, Egypt: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeographic implications
Authors: Nagm Emad , Wilmsen Markus
Published: February 2013

Nagm, E. and Wilmsen, M. 2012. Late Cenomanian-Turonian (Cretaceous) ammonites from Wadi Qena, central Eastern Desert, Egypt: taxonomy, biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeographic implications. Acta Geologica Polonica, 62 (1), 63-89. Warszawa.

In Egypt, marine Upper Cenomanian-Turonian strata are well exposed in the Eastern Desert. The southernmost outcrops are located in the central part of Wadi Qena, where the lower Upper Cretaceous is represented by the fossiliferous Galala and Umm Omeiyid formations. From these strata, numerous ammonites have been collected bed-by-bed and 13 taxa have been identified, which are systematically described herein. Four of them (Euomphalocerascostatum, Vascoceras globosum globosum, Thomasites gongilensis and Pseudotissotia nigeriensis) are recorded from Egypt for the first time. The ammonite ranges are used for a biostratigraphic zonation of the lower Upper Cretaceous succession in the northern and central part of Wadi Qena: the Upper Cenomanian-Lower Turonian has been subdivided into five biozones (including a new upper Lower Turonian biozone based on the occurrence of Pseudotissotia nigeriensis), and one biozone has been recognized in the Upper Turonian. Palaeobiogeographically, the ammonite assemblage has a Tethyan character. During the Early Turonian, influences of the Vascoceratid Province were predominant with strong affinities to typical Nigerian faunas. This shows the significance of faunal exchange between Egypt and Central and West Africa via the Trans-Saharan Seaway. Compared to contemporaneous ammonoid faunas from the northern part of the Eastern Desert, Boreal influences are much less obvious in Wadi Qena. Thus, the present study greatly enhances the knowledge of the Late Cretaceous palaeobiogeography and biostratigraphy of Egypt and adjacent areas.
Stratigraphically important ammonites from the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary interval of the Middle Vistula River section, central Poland
Authors: Machalski Marcin
Published: February 2013

Machalski, M. 2012. Stratigraphically important ammonites from the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary interval of the Middle Vistula River section, central Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 62 (1), 91-116. Warszawa. The formal definition of the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Maastrichtian Stage at Tercis, southwest France, is based on the first or last occurrences of twelve taxa, including three species of ammonites, Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) neubergicus, Diplomoceras cylindraceum, and Nostoceras (Nostoceras ) hyatti. The taxonomy and stratigraphical distribution of these, and allied forms, are studied, on the basis of material from the opoka succession across the upper Campanian-lowermost Maastrichtian boundary in the Middle Vistula River section, central Poland. In view of the imprecise location of two ammonite GSSP markers in that section, a direct ammonite-based correlation with the GSSP at Tercis is impossible. However, data available indicate that in the Middle Vistula River section the first occurrence of Pachydiscus (P.) neubergicus and the last occurrence of Nostoceras (N.) hyatti are situated significantly higher than the first occurrence of Belemnellalanceolata, the traditional belemnite marker for the base of the Maastrichtian Stage in the Boreal Realm, and that Diplomoceras cylindraceum appears significantly below this level. There are no unequivocal records of Pachydiscus (P.) neubergicus from the Belemnella lanceolata Zone s.l. in the Middle Vistula River section.
Faunal dynamics of gastropods in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland
Authors: Kaim Andrzej
Published: February 2013

Kaim, A. 2012. Faunal dynamics of gastropods in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 62(3), 367-380. Warszawa.

The succession of gastropods in the Gnaszyn section is quite monotonous and shows significant changes only in the proximity of concretion layers, at least partially because of diagenetic reasons. Otherwise, the section is dominated by gastropods (cylidrobullinids, bullinids, and mathildids) most of which preyed probably on sedentary organisms (polychaetes and/or coelenterates) that possibly flourished on the sea bottom at that time. The other groups of gastropods are represented by larval or juvenile shells. Their presence shows that the environmental conditions that were probably unfavourable for gastropods living directly on the sea bottom most likely because of a soupy substrate consistency, possible oxygen deficiency near the sediment-water interface and/or oxygen content fluctuations. Adult and/or subadult individuals of these gastropods occur only in the higher part of the section, reflecting a time when these conditions improved. A new heterostrophic gastropod species, Promathildia gedli, is described.
Influence of structure of the yarn on mechanical characteristics of yarns exposed to dynamic stress
Authors: Tumajer Petr , Ursíny Petr , Bílek Martin , Mouckova Eva , Pokorna Martina
Published: February 2013

This paper is a direct follow-up of the paper [1] describing in detail the VibTex equipment, which facilitates testing
of textiles in a wide range of frequencies of their extension, as well as the determination of corresponding
dynamic modules and loss angles. This equipment has been employed for testing polyester yarns of concordant
fineness manufactured on ring and rotor spinning frames. At the same time, the material concerned has been
subjected to a standard strength test. Therefore, the results of experimental measuring published in this paper
allow us to assess the effect of the chosen spinning technology upon the mechanical properties of polyester
yarns both at their static and dynamic loading. The introductory section of the paper contains a theoretical
analysis of the effect of the chosen manner of spinning upon the mechanical characteristics of yarns. The
experimental section indicates the results of measurements at static and dynamic loading, and the final section
of the paper confronts the obtained pieces of knowledge with theory. This paper is part of a larger group of
publications concerned with the behaviour of various linear textiles when exposed to dynamic loading (see [1],
[2], [4], [5], [6]).
Load Compensation in Mechatronic System with Observer
Authors: Kolganov Aleksey , Lebedev Sergey , Kulenko Mikhail
Published: February 2013

Features of combined mechatronic systems creation with a rigid mechanics are observed in details. The usage of astatic regulators for the basic positioning loop is offered. Efficiency of regulators and observers adjustment on Bessel polynomial is shown for mechatronic positioning systems. Outcomes of synthesis of the load observer taking into account the drive dynamics and different forms of load in the system are resulted.
Estimation of Traction Drive Test Bench with Energy Storage System Operation in Regenerative Braking Mode
Authors: Zaleskis Genadijs , Brazis Viesturs , Latkovskis Leonards
Published: February 2013

The paper presents configuration of the traction drive test bench with energy storage system, calculation of the scale factors, estimation of the energy storage system size and Matlab simulation results of the bench operation in a braking mode at different levels of the supercapacitor initial voltage.
Pemphigus Vulgaris with Pregnancy
Authors: Nandini G , Umadevi K , Padma K , Uday Rajini , Sahana R
Published: February 2013

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune bullous dermatosis affecting skin and mucous membrane.2 It affects all races and both sexes equally. It is common during the 5th and 6th decade of life.3 It is exceedingly rare in pregnancy5 and is associated with increased maternal morbidity and poor neonatal outcome.4 We do report a case of pemphigus vulgaris with pregnancy. She conceived during the active phase of the disease and treated with steroids throughout pregnancy. She delivered a live preterm, appropriate for gestational age and constitutionally small fetus.

How to cite this article

Nandini G, Umadevi K, Padma K, Uday R, Sahana R. Pemphigus Vulgaris with Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(3):159-160.
Laponite and PAS costabilized ASA emulsion with high hydrolysis resistance and sizing efficiency
Authors: Li Haidong , Liu Wenxia , Zhang Wei , Qian Kaifeng , Wang Huili
Published: February 2013

ASA emulsions costabilized by Laponite and polyaluminum sulfate (PAS) were prepared by homogenizing the mixture of ASA and aqueous dispersion of Laponite and PAS. The properties, sizing performance and hydrolysis resistance of the prepared ASA emulsions, were investigated in this article. The results show that the introduction of PAS significantly improves the stability, hydrolysis resistance, and sizing performance of ASA emulsions. The ASA emulsion stabilized by 0.5% of Laponite (based on total mass of emulsion) and 2% of PAS (based on the mass of Laponite) shows high hydrolysis stability and high sizing efficiency on bleached chemi‐thermomechanical pulp. At the addition level of 0.3% based on bleached chemi‐thermomechanical pulp, the sizing degree of ASA‐sized paper can be as high as 120 s. Even when the storage time of the ASA emulsion exceeds 3 h, its sizing performance is hardly changed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Functional Assays of Local Connectivity in the Somatosensory Cortex of Individuals with Autism
Authors: Coskun Mehmet Akif , Loveland Katherine A. , Pearson Deborah A. , Papanicolaou Andrew C. , Sheth Bhavin R.
Published: February 2013

Emerging evidence for differences between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) individuals in somatic processing and brain response to touch suggests somatosensory cortex as a promising substrate for elucidating differences in functional brain connectivity between individuals with and without autism. Signals from adjacent digits project to neighboring locations or representations in somatosensory cortex. When a digit is stimulated, i.e. touched, its representation in cortex is directly activated; local intracortical connections indirectly activate nonprimary cortical representations corresponding to adjacent digits. The response of the nonprimary cortical representations is thus a proxy for connection strength. Local overconnectivity in autism implies that the nonprimary/primary response ratios of the ASD group will be higher than those of the NT group. D1 and D2 of the dominant hand of the participant were individually stimulated while we recorded neural responses using magnetoencephalography. The cortical representations of D1 and D2 (somatosensory‐evoked fields) were computed from the ensemble‐averaged data using (a) dipole model fits and (b) singular value decomposition. Individual adjacent/primary response ratios were measured, and group response ratio data were fitted with straight lines. Local overconnectivity in autism implies steeper ASD vs. NT group slopes. Our findings did not support local overconnectivity. Slopes were found to be significantly shallower for the ASD group than the NT group. Our findings support the idea of local underconnectivity in the somatosensory cortex of the brains of individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2013, 6: 190–200. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Radical Alkenylation of α‐Carbonyl Alkyl Bromides and Benzyl Bromides
Authors: Liu Qiang , Yi Hong , Liu Jie , Yang Yuhong , Zhang Xu , Zeng Ziqi , Lei Aiwen
Published: February 2013

Through the use of [Ru(bpy)3Cl2] (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) and [Ir(ppy)3] (ppy=phenylpyridine) as photocatalysts, we have achieved the first example of visible‐light photocatalytic radical alkenylation of various α‐carbonyl alkyl bromides and benzyl bromides to furnish α‐vinyl carbonyls and allylbenzene derivatives, prominent structural elements of many bioactive molecules. Specifically, this transformation is regiospecific and can tolerate primary, secondary, and even tertiary alkyl halides that bear β‐hydrides, which can be challenging with traditional palladium‐catalyzed approaches. The key initiation step of this transformation is visible‐light‐induced single‐electron reduction of CBr bonds to generate alkyl radical species promoted by photocatalysts. The following carboncarbon bond‐forming step involves a radical addition step rather than a metal‐mediated process, thereby avoiding the undesired β‐hydride elimination side reaction. Moreover, we propose that the Ru and Ir photocatalysts play a dual role in the catalytic system: they absorb energy from the visible light to facilitate the reaction process and act as a medium of electron transfer to activate the alkyl halides more effectively. Overall, this photoredox catalysis method opens new synthetic opportunities for the efficient alkenylation of alkyl halides that contain β‐hydrides under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlling the Self‐Assembly of a Mixed‐Metal Mo/V—Selenite Family of Polyoxometalates.
Authors: Corella‐Ochoa M. Nieves , Miras Haralampos N. , Long De‐Liang , Cronin Leroy
Published: February 2013

The mixed‐metal mixed‐valence Mo/V polyoxometalates templated by SeO32‐ anions are characterized by single crystal XRD, UV/VIS, and FTIR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of Allylzinc Species from Allylboronates and Zinc Amide via a Boron‐to‐Zinc Exchange Process and Their Reactions with Carbonyl Compounds, Imines and Hydrazones.
Authors: Cui Yi , Yamashita Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shu
Published: February 2013

The first example of a synthetic method involving the use of a catalytic amount of zinc amide is reported.The boron‐zinc exchange process is observed by means of NMR spectroscopy and applied to the catalytic allylation reaction of various electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)/Cu(II)/TMEDA, New Effective Available Catalyst of Sandmeyer Reaction.
Authors: Sigeev A. S. , Beletskaya I. P. , Petrovskii P. V. , Peregudov A. S.
Published: February 2013

Reaction of aryldiazonium salts with potassium chloride, bromide, cyanide, and thiocyanate in the presence of the title catalytic system leads to the formation of the corresponding aryl halides, nitriles, and thiocyanates in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Room Temperature Tandem Hydroamination and Hydrosilation/Protodesilation Catalysis by a Tricarbonylchromium‐Bound Iridacycle.
Authors: Iali Wissam , La Paglia Frederic , Le Goff Xavier‐Frederic , Sredojevic Dusan , Pfeffer Michel , Djukic Jean‐Pierre
Published: February 2013

A novel tricarbonylchromium‐bound iridacycle catalyzes the hydroamination of terminal alkynes (I) as well as the hydrosilation/protodesilylation of the formed imines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Entry to β‐Aryl‐β‐alkyl Amino Alcohols: Application to the Synthesis of a Potent BACE1 Inhibitor.
Authors: Delgado Oscar , Monteagudo Antonio , Van Gool Michiel , Trabanco Andres A. , Fustero Santos
Published: February 2013

The presented reaction is amenable to being carried out on a multigram scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Intramolecular Iron‐Mediated Diene/Vinyl Ether Cyclocoupling Reactions.
Authors: Pearson Anthony J. , Zhang Sheng , Sun Huikai
Published: February 2013

Heating of Fe complexes of type (I) followed by demetalation allows a stereoselective access to spirocyclic lactams like (IV) ‐ (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: AlCl3 Mediated Unexpected Migration of Sulfonyl Groups: Regioselective Synthesis of 7‐Sulfonyl Indoles of Potential Pharmacological Interest.
Authors: Prasad Bagineni , Adepu Raju , Sandra Sandhya , Rambabu D. , Krishna G. Rama , Reddy C. Malla , Deora Girdhar Singh , Misra Parimal , Pal Manojit
Published: February 2013

The acetylation of indole (IIIe) in the presence of AlCl3 leads to desired 3‐acetyl derivative (VII), whilst the analogous reaction of 2‐tert‐butylindoles (IIIa)—(IIId) is accompanied by an unexpected migration of the sulfonyl group.
ChemInform Abstract: Ambivalent Role of Metal Chlorides in Ring Opening Reactions of 2H‐Azirines: Synthesis of Imidazoles, Pyrroles and Pyrrolinones.
Authors: Auricchio Sergio , Truscello Ada M. , Lauria Mirvana , Meille Stefano V.
Published: February 2013

2H‐Aziridines are applied in the reactions with imines, enaminones and enaminoesters to afford imidazoles [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Trisubstituted Isoxazoles via a Cascade Cyclization—Migration Process.
Authors: Ueda Masafumi , Sugita Shoichi , Sato Aoi , Miyoshi Tetsuya , Miyata Okiko
Published: February 2013

Heating of alkynyl oxime ethers (I) and (III) with Cu(OTf)2 allows a convenient and atom‐economical access to trisubstituted isoxazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Thiazolidine‐4‐ones with Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities.
Authors: Aly Ashraf A. , Brown Alan B. , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed , Abuo‐Rahma Gamal El‐Din A. A. , Radwan Mohamed F. , Ramadan Mohamed , Gamal‐Eldeen Amira M.
Published: February 2013

The title compounds (III) are efficiently obtained in the reaction of 3‐aroyl‐1‐arylthioureas (I) with butynedioate (II) and screened for their antitumor and antioxidant activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New PMB‐Substituted Indoles Containing 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole and 1,2,4‐Triazole Units.
Authors: Farghaly Abdel‐Rahman , Haider Norbert , Lee Duck‐Hyung
Published: February 2013

1H‐Indole‐3‐carbohydrazide (II) is used as key intermediate for the synthesis of some new indole derivatives containing oxadiazole or triazole moieties at C‐3.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Highly Efficient Synthesis of Chromeno Pyrimidinone Derivatives and Their Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Banothu Janardhan , Bavanthula Rajitha
Published: February 2013

Most of the products (10 examples) reveal moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective H‐Bond‐Directing Approach for Trienamine‐Mediated Reactions in Asymmetric Synthesis.
Authors: Albrecht Lukasz , Cruz Acosta Fabio , Fraile Alberto , Albrecht Anna , Christensen Jannie , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: February 2013

Diversely functionalized tetrahydroxanthones are prepared from 2,4‐dienals and activated 3‐cyanochromones via a [4+2] cycloaddition reaction catalyzed by squaramide‐based catalyst SQA.
ChemInform Abstract: (Bromodimethyl)sulfonium Bromide Catalyzed Solvent‐Free Friedlaender Synthesis of Substituted Quinolines.
Authors: Venkatesham R. , Manjula A. , Rao B. Vittal
Published: February 2013

Quinolines are efficiently obtained by condensation of α‐amino carbonyl compounds with α‐methylene containing carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐ and 6‐(Dialkylaminoalkylthio)‐ and 2,6‐Bis(dialkylaminoalkylthio)‐7‐methylpurines.
Authors: Kowalska Alicja , Pluta Krystian
Published: February 2013

Twentyone new thiopurines being 2‐ and 6‐substituted and 2,6‐disubstituted purines are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Substituted‐6‐alkoxypteridin‐4‐amine
Authors: Duan Chonggang , Jia Jiong , Zhu Rongxiu , Wang Jianwu
Published: February 2013

via amination of 6‐alkoxy‐4‐chloropteridine derivatives (IV)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Asymmetric 3,5‐Diaryl‐4H‐1,2,6‐thiadiazin‐4‐ones via Suzuki—Miyaura and Stille Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Ioannidou Heraklidia A. , Koutentis Panayiotis A.
Published: February 2013

Monoarylation of dichlorodithiazine requires an introduction of an alkoxy group before the Suzuki—Miyaura coupling with the phenylboronic acid can be undertaken [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhododendric Acid A, a New Ursane‐Type PTP1B Inhibitor from the Endangered Plant Rhododendron brachycarpum G. Don.
Authors: Choi Yeon Ho , Zhou Wei , Oh Joonseok , Choe Sanggil , Kim Dong Woo , Lee Seung Ho , Na Min Kyun
Published: February 2013

The bioassay‐guided fractionation on the leaves of R.brachycarpum G.Don (Ericaceae) delivers seven PTP1B inhibitory triterpenoids, including the new triterpene, rhododendric acid A (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Armeniaspiroles, a New Class of Antibacterials: Antibacterial Activities and Total Synthesis of 5‐Chloro‐Armeniaspirole A.
Authors: Couturier Cedric , Bauer Armin , Rey Astrid , Schroif‐Dufour Cosima , Broenstrup Mark
Published: February 2013

Armeniaspiroles, isolated from S.armeniacus, are characterized by a novel spiro[4.4]non‐8‐ene scaffold.
ChemInform Abstract: Predictive Methods for the Estimation of Thermophysical Properties of Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Coutinho Joao A. P. , Carvalho Pedro J. , Oliveira Nuno M. C.
Published: February 2013

Review: 183 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Genetic Code Engineering in Escherichia coli
Authors: Hoesl Michael Georg , Budisa Nediljko
Published: February 2013

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Controversies and Open Questions in the Definitions and Classification of the Hypereosinophilic Syndromes and Eosinophilic Leukemias
Authors: Valent Peter , Horny Hans‐Peter , Bochner Bruce S. , Haferlach Torsten , Reiter Andreas
Published: February 2013

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diesel Fuel from Biomass
Authors: Perego Carlo , Ricci Marco
Published: February 2013

Review: 46 refs.
Chunk‐based and fairness‐based resource allocation in multicast distributed MISO‐OFDMA systems
Authors: Papoutsis Vasileios D. , Stamouli Alexia P.
Published: February 2013

The resource allocation problem for the downlink of orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access (OFDMA) wireless multicast systems is investigated. It is assumed that the base station consists of multiple antennas in a distributed antenna system (DAS), whereas each user is equipped with a single antenna. The multicasting technology is able to support several groups of users with flexible quality of service (QoS) requirements. The general mathematical formulation is provided, but achieving the optimal solution has a high computational cost. In our approach, the allocation unit is not the subcarrier, as in conventional OFDMA systems, but a set of contiguous subcarriers, which is called ‘chunk’. For practical implementation, a suboptimal but efficient algorithm is proposed in order to maximize the sum of the maximum attainable data rates of multicast groups of users, subject to total available power and proportional maximum attainable data rate constraints among multicast groups of users. Simulation and complexity analyses are provided to support the benefits of chunk‐based resource allocation to multicast OFDMA DASs, supporting that the proposed algorithm can be applied to latest‐generation wireless systems that provide QoS guarantees. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dechlorane plus monoadducts in a lake ontario (Canada) food web and biotransformation by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) liver microsomes
Authors: Tomy Gregg T. , Sverko Ed , Palace Vince , Rosenberg Bruno , McCrindle Robert , McAlees Alan , Smith Lindsay A.P. , Byer Jonathan , Pacepavicius Grazina , Alaee Mehran , McCarry Brian E.
Published: February 2013

Compounds related to the high-production-volume flame retardant Dechlorane Plus (DP) were measured in a Lake Ontario food web located downstream of a DP manufacturing plant. These compounds, 1,3- and 1,5-DP-monoadducts (DPMA), are positional isomers and are thought to arise from the incomplete reaction of DP or impurities in the DP starting material during its manufacture. The 1,3-DPMA isomer was measured (0.12–199 ng g−1 lipid wt) in all trophic levels, whereas 1,5-DPMA was measured only sporadically in the food web and was not detectable in the apex predator, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Concentrations of DPMA isomers when detected in Lake Ontario biota were greater than that of total DP for all trophic levels. The prevalence of 1,3-DPMA in the food web, and especially in lake trout, may be due to obstruction of the existing carbon double bond to enzyme attack, rendering it less readily metabolized. To examine this hypothesis, biotransformation kinetic experiments using in vitro lake trout liver microsomal exposures were performed. Zero-order depletion rate constants for 1,3- and 1,5-DPMA were 92.2 and 134.6 pmole h−1, respectively, with corresponding half-lives of 2.03 ± 0.14 h (1,3-DPMA) and 1.39 ± 0.09 h (1,5-DPMA). Furthermore, the 1,5-isomer was depleted to a greater extent than 1,3-DPMA. Specific biotransformation products were not identified. These data support the hypothesis that 1,5-DPMA is more readily metabolized than 1,3-DPMA by lake trout. The present study also shows that the concentrations of these isomers, which the authors speculate might be unintended impurities or byproducts in some technical DP formulations, exceed that of the intended product in biota. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1376–1381. © 2013 SETAC
Refining benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca‐temperature calibrations using core‐tops from the western tropical Atlantic: Implication for paleotemperature estimation
Authors: Tisserand Amandine A. , Dokken Trond M. , Waelbroeck Claire , Gherardi Jeanne‐M. , Scao Vincent , Fontanier Christophe , Jorissen Frans
Published: February 2013

Benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca has been shown to have great potential as a proxy for reconstructing deep water temperatures. However, the exact relationship between Mg uptake in benthic foraminifera and temperature is still ambiguous, and further exploration and refinement is much needed to reduce uncertainties associated with the method. Here, we present new core‐top Mg/Ca data from benthic foraminiferal species from the lower part of the thermocline in the western tropical Atlantic (northern Brazilian margin). This area is unusual in that the changes in carbonate chemistry along the transect are very small, making it an ideal region for isolating and studying the role of temperature in the incorporation of Mg into the benthic shells. Our results show that benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca largely reflects temperature in this area. Our data are combined with previously published data to produce new and improved Mg/Ca calibration equations for a number of benthic foraminiferal species within the Atlantic Ocean. Our study provides the first C. wuellerstorfi Mg/Ca data for the 4–6°C temperature range and indicates that C. wuellerstorfi Mg/Ca is strongly controlled by temperature. As a result, the newly established C. wuellerstorfi calibration over the entire 0–6°C temperature range is significantly improved with respect to previously published C. wuellerstorfi calibrations limited to the coldest part between 0 and 4°C. Other benthic species (Cibicidoides kullenbergi, Globocassidulina subglobosa, Uvigerina peregrina, and Oridorsalis umbonatus) have also been studied, although these results are less conclusive.
Quantifying the climatological relationship between extratropical cyclone intensity and atmospheric precursors
Authors: Dacre H. F. , Gray S. L.
Published: February 2013

We introduce a novel technique in which linear regression analysis is applied to clusters of tracked cyclones to statistically assess the factors controlling cyclone development. We illustrate this technique by evaluating the differences between cyclones forming in the west and east North Atlantic (herein termed west and east Atlantic cyclones). Enhanced cyclone intensity 2 days after genesis is found to be associated with deeper upper‐level troughs upstream of the cyclone center at the genesis time in both west and east Atlantic cyclones. However, whilst west Atlantic cyclones are also enhanced by the presence of strong fronts, east Atlantic cyclones are not. Instead, east Atlantic cyclones exhibit an enhancement when diabatically generated midlevel potential vorticity is present (with the enhancement being of approximately equal magnitude to that associated with the potential vorticity in the upper‐level trough). This is consistent with the paradigm of latent heat release in the warm conveyor belt region playing an important role in the development of east Atlantic cyclones.