bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immediate prepartum supplementation accelerates progesterone decline, boosting passive immunity transfer in tropically adapted beef cattle
Authors: Silva L. F. P. , Muller J. , Cavalieri J. , Fordyce G.
Published: February 2022

Context Poor nutrition of late-pregnant cows is highly prevalent in the dry tropics and associated with high levels of calf mortality. Aims It was hypothesised that supplementation with protein to prepartum cows would restore the normal decline in progesterone prepartum and increase the transfer of passive immunity to calves, with this being further enhanced by inclusion of yeast fermentation products. Methods In total, 84 heifers and 45 cows were selected for a completely randomised block design, with the following three dietary treatments: unsupplemented, receiving ad libitum low-protein hay only; hay supplemented with 1 kg/day of protein; and supplementation with both protein and 14 g/day of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product. Supplementation occurred for an average of 14 days before calving. Cow plasma samples in the week before parturition, and the first plasma sample after parturition, were analysed for progesterone and metabolites. Newborn calves were weighed and blood-sampled three times per week during the first 2 weeks after birth. The first two calf plasma samples were analysed for total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations. Data were analysed using a mixed-effects model and the decline of progesterone concentration over time was modelled using a non-linear segmented model. Key results Prepartum supplementation reduced cow liveweight loss, increased glucose, reduced fat mobilisation metabolites and tended to increase average daily weight gain of calves. Including yeast fermentation products in the supplement tended to increase the transfer of passive immunity to calves. Supplementation decreased plasma progesterone before parturition and including yeast fermentation products further advanced the initiation of progesterone decline. Conclusion Protein supplementation of protein-deficient beef cows during late pregnancy helps restore the normal decrease in progesterone before parturition. Implications This study identified a plausible hormonal mechanism explaining how poor nutrition around birth can increase calf loss, opening new possibilities for short-term diet management strategies to reduce calf mortality and improve calf health.
Interprofessional education in interpreter training
Authors: Hlavac Jim , Harrison Claire , Saunders Bernadette
Published: February 2022

Interpreters work with clients from many professions and in different contexts and settings. A facilitator of interpreters’ ability to provide an optimal interlingual transfer of another’s speech or signing is possessing knowledge of other professionals’ perspectives and goals. Interprofessional education is a teaching or learning method that includes learning activities in which trainees from two or more disciplines interact with each other in real or simulated settings. This article reports on the participation of interpreting students in interprofessional education with medical and social work students over a three-year period. Responses were obtained from 109 interpreting students across four medicine–interpreting and three social work–interpreting sessions relating to their perception of the roles of the other student groups pre- and post-intervention and how best to work with each group. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that pre-intervention knowledge of the doctors’ work was significant while knowledge about social work was varied; there were high levels of agreement that knowledge of the other group had increased post-intervention; future intentions were related to greater awareness of a briefing, applying knowledge of the relevant genre of spoken interaction, the need for the allophone interlocutors to establish rapport with each other, and awareness of source speakers’ tone and intent in addition to form and content.
Bacillus thuringiensis, a green option for controlling oil palm bunch moth Tirathaba rufivena
Authors: Priwiratama H , Rozziansha T A P , Prasetyo A E
Published: February 2022

A field study to test the efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki against Tirathaba rufivena, the oil palm bunch moth, has been conducted in early mature (5-year-old) oil palm in Kalianta Estate, Riau. The experiment was conducted following a randomized complete block design, consisting of five concentration treatments, namely 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 ml/L of suspension. The B. thuringiensis was sprayed directly onto the inflorescences and fruit bunches of selected palm samples every week for a month duration. The result showed that the intensity of T. rufivena attack was continuously declined since the first week after B. thuringiensis application. The decline of attack intensity is in line with the reduction of the larvae population in the affected fruit bunches. This trial demonstrated that B. thuringiensis had high efficacy against the bunch moth with an efficacy value of 74.90 %, 91.18 %, 96.96 %, and 94.77 % achieved at two weeks after application at the concentrations of 2, 4, 6, and 8 ml/L, respectively. This result suggests that B. thuringiensis at the concentration of 4-8 ml/L can be used as a sustainable option for controlling T. rufivena in oil palm plantations.
Genotype by yield*trait biplot analysis to evaluate Jatropha curcas genotypes based on multiple traits
Authors: Purwati R D , Anggraeni T D A , Machfud M
Published: February 2022

Jatropha hybridization conducted in ISFCRI has resulted in genotypes with various agronomic traits. The biplot analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between agronomic and yield trait, the genotype by trait (GT), and genotype by yield*trait (GYT). Ten genotypes were planted in Pasirian, Lumajang, East Java from 2018 to 2019. Ten parameters were observed namely: plant height, harvest time, number of branches per plant (primary, secondary and tertiary branches), inflorescence number per plant, fruit cluster number per plant, fruit number per plant, 100 seed weight, and seed weight per plant. Based on GT biplot and Pearson Correlation, there was a strong positive correlation between yield and plant height, tertiary branch, fruit cluster, inflorescence number, and seed weight. The GYT biplot showed that genotype No. 6 had the best performance in combining yield and primary branch, secondary branch, and inflorescent number. The genotype No. 10 had the largest values in combining yield with the seven other traits. In this study, the GYT biplot approach can be used to identify the best genotypes in correlation between yield with other traits. Therefore, this approach can be applied to overcome the problem of genotypes selection based on several traits, in the Jatropha breeding program.
Improving the production and quality of virginia tobacco through topping and suckering : A Review
Authors: Diana N E , Supriyadi  , Jamil A H , Yogi Y A , Nugraheni S D , Verona L
Published: February 2022

Tobacco production in Indonesia continues to increase along with the number of requests tobacco industry due to the shift in consumer tastes from smoking kretek cigarettes to white. Virginia’s domestic tobacco has not been able to cover the needs of the tobacco industry, so part of this is fulfilled from imported tobacco. In terms of cultivation, the emergence of flowers resulted in stunted growth and decreased quality of tobacco. Increasing tobacco production and quality can be done by applying Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) by cutting the top (topping) and removing side shoots (suckering). The timely application of topping and suckering can increase the production of tobacco leaf accompanied by an increase in the quality of the tobacco leaves produced. Based on the research results, it is known that topping and suckering treatment can increase production by 60-80% and nicotine levels by 40-60%. The application of suckericide can reduce labour costs without reducing the yield, quality, and chemical content of tobacco. The impact of increasing production and quality of Virginia tobacco will increase farmers’ bargaining power and economy.
The effectiveness of yam (Pachyrhizus erosus) juice in maintaining the viability of Trichoderma viride spores
Authors: Samsudin  , Khaerati  , Amaria W
Published: February 2022

Trichoderma viride is a potential biological agent to control main estate crop diseases. One of the disadvantages of this fungus is susceptible to ultraviolet (UV) from sunlight. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of yam juice (YJ) in protecting T. viride spores against UV exposure. The research was conducted from March to July 2019 at the Plant Protection Laboratory of IIBCRI, Sukabumi. The suitability as a growth medium was performed by incorporating 0%, 1%, 5% 10%, and 20% concentration of YJ into potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The spore viability test used a 20% concentration of YJ in the talc carrier medium compared to control (without YJ) and exposing treatment for 0, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. The results showed that YJ was suitable for T. viride. The original viability remaining (OVR) were 77.9%, 32.62%, and 13.67% after exposing 60, 120, and 180 minutes under sunlight, and 40.01%, 35.78%, and 32.62% respectively under UV lamp. The relative efficiency (RE) value of YJ treatment after exposure 60, 120, and 180 minutes under sunlight were 4.72, 3.52, and 4.42 respectively, and under UV lamp were 1.69, 1.65, and 1.73 respectively. YJ effectively protects T. viride spores from UV exposure.
The Use of ISSR markers for clustering sesame genotypes based on geographical origin
Authors: Anggraeni T D A , Fadilah S N , Kusnadi J , Basuki S
Published: February 2022

Sesame (Sesamum indicum) germplasm in Indonesia is very diverse with morphological characteristics that looks very similar. Morphological characteristic is affected by the environment which has resulted into data inconsistencies. Genetic variations in Sesame germplasm markers such as Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) could be used to analyze the genetic relationship. This study aimed to determine the genetic relationship between 81 accessions of sesame plants using ISSR markers. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with a sample of 81 sesame accessions. The primers were three ISSR primers, namely I2, T21, T22, and one RAPD primer, namely S1, as a comparison primer to the three of those. The analysis produced 29 DNA bands which 100% are polymorphic bands. Through phylogenetic analysis, the sesame collections clustered into seven major groups. There were clear separation of some accessions based on their geographical origin. ISSR markers can identify sesame germplasm diversity and provide helpful information for sesame breeding and germplasm management programs.
The intensity of major pests on pepper (Piper nigrum) in Tanggamus Regency - Lampung Province
Authors: Kardinan A , Maris P , Wahyono T E , Tarigan N , Perkasa G
Published: February 2022

As one of the black pepper production centers in Indonesia, Lampung pepper productivity is quite low compared to other central areas. Lampung produces around 500 kg/ha, quite far from the national average production which is around 796 kg/ha, or even the productivity of other regions such as Bangka-Belitung which has reached 1.2 tons/ha. One of the main problems that cause this is a fairly high pest attack. For this reason, a study was conducted on the intensity of the main pest attack on pepper plants in one of the pepper-producing areas in Lampung, namely Tanggamus Regency. The study was conducted in April-May 2021 by taking 100 plant spots (samples) randomly in the location. The intensity of pest attack is calculated by a scoring system. The results showed that there were three main pests that attacked pepper plants in Tanggamus Regency - Lampung Province, namely the pepper stem borer (Lophobaris piperis) with the intensity of around 38%; Thrips sp. with intensity of about 23% and fruit suckers (Dasynus piperis) with intensity of about 9%.
Identification of potential groundwater and determination of sugarcane planting period in Pantura of West Java
Authors: Nurkhaida R , Rejekiningrum P , Apriyana Y
Published: February 2022

The sugar industry faces several serious problems, including global climate change, which may cause drought. For this reason, research has been carried out in dryland sugarcane plantations to organize the potential planting period in several Sugar Factories (SF) in Tersana Baru, Karangsuwung, Sindang Laut, Jati Tujuh, and Subang. This research aims to (1) identify groundwater potential to determine the depth, distribution, and discharge of groundwater resources and (2) determine the best sugarcane planting period. Identification of groundwater potential is carried out through a geoelectric survey using Terrameter. To calculate the potential of water resources and the amount of water deficit in each phase of sugarcane growth, an analysis of the potential for the planting period was carried out using a crop simulation model by calculating the ETa/ETc ratio. Identifying groundwater potential base on aquifer conditions indicates that shallow aquifer dominates Karang Suwung SF, whereas deep aquifer dominates Tersana Baru SF and Sindang Laut SF. Non-aquifer dominates Jati Tujuh SF and Subang SF. The best planting period for Tersana Baru SF and Karang Suwung SF in November II, for Sindang Laut SF in January I-II, for Jati Tujuh SF in November I-II and for Subang SF on December III.
Soil water availability for crops on landslide deposits in Bompon Sub-Watershed, Magelang
Authors: Aliyyah H L , Pulungan N A H J , Sartohadi J
Published: February 2022

One of the important factors in agricultural practices is the soil water availability for crops. This study was aimed to identify landslide deposits, assess the soil characteristics of each landslide zone, the effect of soil physical characteristics on the soil water availa bility for crops, and determine the availability of water for crops in landslide deposits. The soil sampling was carried out by purposive sampling method at 12 landslide points and 4 zones, i.e. crown, main-scarp, main-body, a nd toe-slope at two soil depths (0-100 cm and 100-200 cm). The data were analyzed with a regression test and standard deviation method. The results showed that the high soil water availability for crops occurred at the toe-slope zone, 0-100 cm depth and at the main-scarp zone, 100-200 cm depth. The soil physical properties clearly correlated with soil moisture content. Based on the soil water a vaila bility level, it might be suitable for annual crops (i.e. cassava, ginger, sweet potatoes, etc.) at the toe-slope zone and perennial crops i.e. Albizia chinensis, etc.) at the main- scarp zone. Therefore, landslides in the Bompon Sub-watershed, Magelang, is potentially utilized for agricultural development.
The Bido variety is an essential genetic material for coconut breeding
Authors: Novarianto H , Mawardi S , Tulalo M A
Published: February 2022

Several tall dwarf and hybrid types coconut were released by IPCRI-IAARD as commercial varieties since more than 40 years ago. Bido is a recently release tall coconut variety having many excellent traits such as early flowering, low height increments, and high yielding. With good cultivation practices, Bido tall variety could flower as early as three years and the first harvest was in 4 years after planting. Bido tall variety yield potential could reach up to 120 nuts/palm/year. As germplasm collections, Bido tall variety was planted in 2017 at Mapanget Experimental Garden. Subsequently, Bido tall variety seed garden was planted in 2018 at Kayuwatu Experimental Garden, North Sulawesi Province. The Bido tall coconut was recently used as parent to generate progenies derived from self- and cross-pollinations. Moreover, the Bido tall variety has been used as male parent and hybridized with some Dwarf coconut varieties to develop hybrid coconut varieties in the future.
Recognition and counting of oil palm tree with deep learning using satellite image
Authors: Nurhabib I , Seminar K B , Sudradjat
Published: February 2022

One of the challenges in oil palm plantation is to accurately the number of palm trees in a unit of area. Knowing the number of trees will contribute to better managerial and operational tasks for fertilization. This requires a method that can be used to calculate oil palm accurately in a quick fashion. This study aims to discuss the method of identifying and counting oil palm trees using a deep learning system based on the YOLO algorithm to process the images captured by a satellite from Google Earth. The system prototype has been successfully built and tested to recognize oil palm trees and to count them in a case study area IPB-Cargill Oil Palm Education Garden, commonly called IPB-Cargill Oil Palm Teaching Farm, is in Singasari, Jonggol, Bogor West Java. Based on the experimental results, the used training dataset using YOLO with 2500 step iterations with a loss value of 0.6 obtained an accuracy values of 85.6%, 98.9% for precision, and 86.6% for recall. This shows that the model is adequate to correctly recognize and to count palm tree objects.
In vitro growth induction of Ceratobasidium theobromae, the causal agent of cacao Vascular Streak Dieback disease
Authors: Giyanto  , Hastika U R , Permana I , Wahyuno D
Published: February 2022

Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) disease, caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae, has devastated cacao plants in Indonesia and other countries. However, there is limited information on the biology of the fungus, including mass propagation method. This study aimed to find a technique in inducing the growth of C. theobromae as inoculum sources. The stages of research were sampling the plant cacao tissue infected by C. theobromae; induction of mycelia growth on infected cacao tissue using coconut water, glucose, and sucrose; and confirmation C. theobromae by morphology, pathogenicity test on cacao seedling, and genetic. We found characteristic symptoms of VSD disease in cocoa plantations marked by chlorosis in cocoa leaves and blackening of the node on the leaf petiole. The growth induction of C. theobromae could be performed using a 2% glucose solution. The hyaline hyphae, perpendicular branching of hyphae, and a dolipare septate were shown in the hyphae structure. Pathogenicity test of mycelia C. theobromae from infected plant tissue showed typical symptoms of VSD. Genetic confirmation by PCR method successfully amplified specific target DNA of C. theobromae resulted in ± 550 bp amplicon. The result could be performed to propagate C. theobromae inoculum for various purposes in studying VSD disease.
Effect of zeolite and cow manure application on soil nitrogen content in ramie (Boehmeria nivea) plant growth
Authors: Santoso B , Cholid M , Wijayanto R A
Published: February 2022

Ramie productivity can achieve optimum through improving soil fertility and adding cow manure and zeolite to the soil. The research was conducted in 2018 at Karangploso Research Station-ISFRI. The research design used was a completely randomized design with two factors of manure and zeolite, three replications. Cow manure treatments consisted of no cow manure (P0), 2 tons cow manure (P1), 4 tons cow manure (P2), 6 tons cow manure (P3), while zeolite treatments consisted of no zeolite (Z0) and 4 tons zeolite/ha (Z1). The results showed that the application of zeolite and cow manure affected soil properties and the growth of ramie. The combination treatment of fertilizer and zeolite gave various values of pH, N, C-organic, plant height, and the number of leaves, although there was no interaction. The best results were found in treating 6 tons/ha of cow manure and 4 tons/ha of zeolite with pH values: 6.37 and 6.26; N-Total 0.14% and 0.15%; C-Organic: 1.14% and 1.13%, respectively. Treatments of 6 tons cow manure and 4 tons zeolite gave the best hemp growth, namely plant height at 84 (Days After Planting), DAP 123.23 cm and 98.5 cm, and the number of leaves 104 80.
Sugarcane fertilization package with double row system to increase yield of first ratoon cane
Authors: Kadarwati F T , Riajaya P D
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to obtain a package of compound fertilization on a double row system on growth, cane yield, sugar content, and sugar yield on first ratoon cane (RC1) in dry land. The research was conducted from January to October 2016 at Asembagus Research Station, Situbondo, East Java. Six treatments of fertilizer packages were arranged in a Randomized Block Design with four replications, consisting of standard fertilizer packages for a single row (6 quintal compound fertilizer NPK (15-15-15) + 5 quintals ZA) per ha, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 times the standard fertilizer package. The results showed that the highest RC1 sugarcane yield (138.57 t/ha) was achieved by fertilizing 8.4 compound fertilizer + 7 ZA (quintal/ha) or 1.4 times the standard dose, resulting in a 25.52% increase in sugarcane yield compared to standard fertilizer (110.40 t/ha). The sugar content did not differ among the treatments ranging from 9.2 to 10%. The highest sugar yield was 12.97 t/ha in line with sugarcane yield. This finding suggested the recommendation of a fertilizer package for a double row system in sugarcane.
Exploration and collection of sugarcane germplasm in Southeast Sulawesi and its importance
Authors: Abdurrakhman  , Setyo-Budi U , Djumali  , Heliyanto B
Published: February 2022

One of the major constraints in improving sugarcane productivity to achievenational self-sufficiency in sugar has been the low crop productivity and sucrose content. To alleviate the problem the use of high yielding variety with high sucrose content is imperative. To develop high-yielding sugarcane varieties germplasm with sufficient genetic variability is needed. At present, sugarcane germplasm collection at ISFCRI is very limited and hence needs to be broadened through exploration and collection mission to the center of diversity of the crop and its development areas. Based on the literature studies, information gathered from the local estate government and funding availability collection were focused in Kendari municipality, Muna district, and Buton district. The exploration mission successfully collected 66 sugarcane germplasm, consisting of 59 clones derived from local seed, 3 clones derived from seed originated from outside Southeast Sulawesi Province (South Sulawesi, Moluccas, and West Nusa Tenggara Provinces), and 4 wild Saccharum clones (Saccharum spp). Morphological variabilities were seen in terms of stem color, stem wax, and eye-bud shape. The importance of the collected germplasm is discussed.
The potential of area under young oil palm plantation on tidal swamps for soybean development
Authors: Harsono A , Harnowo D
Published: February 2022

In Indonesia, soybean production during 2011-2020 only met 20-30% of the total need due to the decrease of the harvested area from 660 to 285 thousand ha. To achieve soybean self-sufficiency, the area of young oil palm plantations on tidal lands is potential for soybean development. In 2020, the areas reached 14.9 million ha with a growth rate of 8.68% year−1, meaning that at least every year, there is around 1.29 million ha of new oil palm areas potential for soybean production. Constrain for soybean growth on these lands are shading, low soil pH, and high Al-soil saturation. A solution for the shading problem is planting tolerant soybean varieties such as Dena1, Dena2, Denasa1, Denasa2, Argomulyo, and Dega1. The low soil pH and high Al saturation can be improved by using dolomite until the Al-dd saturation decreases to 20-30%. Soybeans can grow well under oil palm crops until the trees are 4 years old, with a potential production of >1.0 t ha−1, increases LER up to 1.8, and increases farmers’ income until the oil palm starts producing. Good planning and coordination among stakeholders for the input procurement, assistance, and farmers’ readiness would determine the success of soybean development on such lands.
Strategies to optimize the use of organic fertilizers in smallholder coffee plantation
Authors: Wulandari S , Ferry Y , Hasibuan A M
Published: February 2022

The demand for organic coffee is increasing in line with increasing competition and consumer preferences for healthier products. On the other hand, the application of organic fertilizers in smallholder coffee plantations is still low. The research aims to map the constraints of organic fertilizers usage and develop strategies to accelerate organic fertilizers application in smallholder coffee plantations. Data analysis was performed using the scoring method. The results showed that farmers applied more inorganic fertilizers. Constraints of organic fertilizers application are related to technical, economic, and institutional aspects. Strategies to optimize the use of organic fertilizers in smallholder coffee plantations include providing capital and financial support with subsidized interest rates and strengthening farmer institutions as the priority. Other strategies include introducing an integrated coffee livestock system and providing local government incentives for promoting and organic certification assistance. Institutions involved in implementing the strategy include local governments, research institutes, financial institutions, coffee processing industries, exporters, extension officers, certification bodies, farmers’ groups, cooperatives, and associations. The strategies are essential to overcome the existing problems and constraints in organic coffee farming development and increase farmers’ interest in applying organic fertilizers.
Coating formulas protect shelled nutmeg seeds from Aspergillus colonization
Authors: Supriadi  , Rahayuningsih S , Hardiyanti S , Sembiring B S , Ediningsih
Published: February 2022

Coating of nutmeg seeds may prevent the colonization ofAspergilluscontamination. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of coating formulas toA. flavuson shelled nutmeg. Shelled nutmeg seeds were coated with aqueous (TT) and gel (GM+) formulas containing propylparaben (0.1%), potassium sorbate (0.8%), and clove oil (1.25%), and the aqueous GM- (0.65% clove oil and 0.4% potassium sorbate). The coated seeds were then sun-dried and sprayed withA. flavusconidia. The untreated control was only inoculated withA. flavus. The colonization ofA. flavuson the seeds was visually observed. The aflatoxins, propylparaben, and potassium sorbate in the treated seeds were analyzed with HPLC. The results showed that seeds treated with GM+, GM-, and TT formulas were visually free fromA. flavus. The total aflatoxins were not detected in the seeds treated with the GM+, but in the coated with GM- and TT was 0.95 µg/kg and 12.6 µg/kg, respectively. In the uncoated seeds, the total aflatoxins were 695.9 µg/kg. Propylparaben and potassium sorbate residues in the coated seeds were 66-11 mg/kg and 213-415 mg/kg, respectively. The coating formula effectively minimizedA. flavuscolonization and aflatoxin. Therefore, the coating formula could be used for reducingAspergilluscontamination.
Antioxidant activity of Artemisia (Artemisia annua) extract on several concentrations and solvents
Authors: Sembiring B , Gusmaini  , Nurhayati H , Kurniasari I
Published: February 2022

Artemisia contains secondary metabolites with antioxidants properties. The study aimed to obtain the type and concentration of effective solvents to produce Artemisia extract with maximum antioxidant activity. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute in 2015. The Artemisia used for the research came from Lembang, West Java. The study was arranged in a randomized block design, 7 treatments, and 2 replications. The treatment consisted of a combination of two solvents (ethanol and methanol) and three solvent concentrations (50, 70, and 96%) and water as control. Artemisia was processed into powder and then extracted following the treatments. The extract obtained was then tested for its antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The type and concentration of solvent had a significant effect on the yield and antioxidant activity of Artemisia extract. The use of ethanol solvent resulted in higher extract yield and antioxidant activity than methanol. The higher the solvent concentration, the smaller the extract yield. The antioxidant activity of Artemisia ethanolic extract was stronger than methanolic extract. The IC50 value of the Artemisia ethanolic and methanolic extract were 20.61 ppm, and 25.06 ppm. The most effective solvent concentration to extract Artemisia was ethanol 70%.
Quality comparison of indirect sun-drying and sulphur fumigation methods on copra production and storage
Authors: Panjaitan L , Achrom M , Suherman B , Nursusilawati  , Fauziaty M R , Kurniasih K T , Wungkana J
Published: February 2022

As the most valuable product of coconut, copra demands good handling on its production to reduce cost in the extraction step. This work aimed to evaluate indirect sun-drying and sulphur fumigation methods to dry copra and their effects during storage. Five treatments of different dosages of sulphur fumigation (30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 gr/m3), one non-fumigated indirect sun-dried treatment (NFNS), and one direct sun-dried treatment were done to observe the difference in the copra’s quality. Analysis showed that sulphur fumigation and NFNS treatments did not affect physical parameters like color, hardness, and water content. Furthermore, sulphur fumigated samples were found superior to the other treatments in terms of pest and microorganism activities even after two months of storage. Generally, the sulphur and free fatty acid (FFA) contents did not exceed the allowable threshold. Interestingly, however, it was found that the fumigated copras have the lowest while the NFNS treatment shows the highest percentage of FFA contents. Therefore, this study also suggests a 50 gr/m3 dosage of sulphur to maintain the copra quality during a longer storage time.
Nutritional improvement of oil palm and sugarcane plantation waste by solid-state fermentation of Marasmiellus palmivorus
Authors: Fitriyah F , Aziz M A , Wahyuni S , Fadila H , Permana I G , Priyono  , Siswanto
Published: February 2022

The agricultural sector of Indonesia comprises large oil palm and sugarcane plantations. Nearly 50% of the material resulted in organic waste with high lignin and cellulose content during palm oil and sugarcane production. The lignocellulolytic activity of white-rot fungi has been reported to improve the digestibility and nutrient content of plantation waste into feedstock. This study treated lignocellulose waste, including palm kernel meal, oil palm empty fruit bunch, oil palm frond, sugarcane tops, and sugarcane pressmud with white-rot fungi solid-state fermentation system in a petri dish with two replicates. The growth of the fungus in each waste was observed. The Nutrient content, including water, ash, lipid, protein, crude fiber; and the digestibility, including crude and organic fiber digestion of fermented and unfermented waste, were measured. The molecular identification of white-rot fungi in this study was revealed to be Marasmiellus palmivorus. The result indicated that fermentation of M. palmivorus increased the protein level of sugarcane pressmud, palm kernel meal, oil palm frond, and empty fruit bunch. Fermentation also improved digestibility up to 12%. It is concluded that M. palmivorus has a high potential to enhance the digestibility and nutritive value of lignocellulose waste in oil palm and sugarcane plantations.
Biochemical changes of kemiri sunan [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] kernels at eight levels of fruit storage duration
Authors: Virgian S , Aunillah A , Listyati D , Herman M , Pranowo D , Wardiana E
Published: February 2022

Kemiri Sunan [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] fruit harvest is carried out according to physiological maturity, indicated by the fruit’s natural fall from the tree. The fruit collection period can take up to several days according to the processing mill’s minimum capacity. Constraints like this result in fruit collected at an earlier harvest cycle that will undergo a storage process for up to several days. The study was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station and Integrated Laboratory, Balittri, Sukabumi, West Java. This study investigates the biochemical changes of Kemiri sunan kernels at eight levels of fruit storage duration. The design used was completely randomized with eight treatments and three replications. The eight treatments were the fruit storage duration: 0 days (without storage) and storage for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days. The variables observed were the kernel’s moisture, ash, oil, protein, peroxide, and free fatty acids (FFA) content. The results showed that fruit storage decreased moisture and oil content but increased FFA content. Storage of fruit up to a maximum of 8 days does not change the kernels’ biochemistry, indicating that the fruit is still suitable for further processing.
Use of liquid natural latex for the manufacture of waterproof canvas fabric
Authors: Luftinor  , Nasruddin  , Agustini S. , Bondan AT.
Published: February 2022

Research on the use of liquid natural latex for waterproof canvas fabric coatings has been carried out by varying the volume of liquid natural latex in 4 levels, namely 0.5 liters, 1.0 liter, 1.5 liters, 2.0 liter, and varying the thickness of the coating material 10 g, 20 g, 30 g so that 12 types of waterproof canvas are obtained. The purpose of this study was to find the right formula in the manufacture of canvas fabric that has the properties of Water Resistance, Adhesion, Tensile Strength, Elongation at Break, and Tear Resistance according to the quality standards of woven fabrics for tents. The results of testing the physical properties of waterproof canvas fabrics as a whole almost meet the quality standards of woven fabrics for tents, except for the results of the waterproof strength test at a layer of 10 g. The best results were obtained in formula III with a coating of 20 g, getting water resistance values of 43.6 mBar, adhesive strength 0.8 kg/cm, tensile strength 88.2 kg and 77.8, elongation at break 40.8% and 20, 3%, Tear strength 21.5 kg and 19.4 kg for warp direction and weft direction.
Arthropod diversity in ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich) plantation
Authors: Nurindah  , Sunarto D A , Sujak
Published: February 2022

Understanding the diversity of arthropods in a crop ecosystem could be used as a basis to develop pest management in the crop cultivation. The insect pest management system for ramie has not been developed intensively in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity of arthropods associated with ramie plantation. The research was done using a survey method in ramie plantations at Wonosobo, Central Java from August 2020 to March 2021. The survey method applied was direct and indirect observations. Direct observations were made visually, and indirect observations was using traps and sweep-nets. Observations were done at the age of plants 1-8 weeks. The results showed that arthropods associated with ramie plantations belong to eight orders, 26 families, and 45 species which were as herbivores, parasitoids, predators, pollinators, and decomposers. The diversity index was in the high category (H’ = 3.08 – 3.47), and the community evenness index was in the stable category (E = 0.81-0.93). Insects with herbivorous status had not caused significant damage to the plants, so that the ramie plantation in Wonosobo did not need any insect pest control actions.
Insect diversity on toxic candlenut (Reutealis trisperma) plantation in Bajawa, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Indriati G , Susilawati  , Puspitasari M , Soesanthy F , Tresniawati C
Published: February 2022

Toxic candlenut (Reutealis trisperma) is an important plantation commodity that serves as barrier to prevent erosion, as main material for bio-pesticides and as renewable source of biofuel production. It has been studied that toxic candlenut development in post-mining field can restore soil structure while also influencing environment surrounding, including insects. The study examined insect diversity in theR. trispermaplantation aged ±7 years in Bajawa field, East Nusa Tenggara from July 2018 until February 2019. Insect were collected by installed malaise traps, yellow traps, and pitfall traps in 5 different plots A, B, C, D, and E for 24 hours. Collected insects were then identified in the laboratory using identification book. The results showed there were 13 orders of insects were collected by traps. The diversity index (H’) of insect in the area were 4.053; 3.305; 3.521; 2.973 and 2.611 while the Evenness index (E) of insect were 0.872; 0.836; 0.780; 0.665 and 0.614 respectively. Insect diversity in the Bajawa plantation was high and the dominan individual was Hymenopteran and Dipteran. Several insects were inR. trispermaplant, as herbivores, predators, parasitoids, and pollinators. Further research is needed to determine each family of insect’s role in theR. trispermaplantation.
Variation in yield, morphology, and phytochemical profiles of essential oils of nutmeg populations in Lampung
Authors: Bermawie N , Wahyuni S , Heryanto R , Andriyanti D T
Published: February 2022

Nutmeg is native to the Moluccan islands of Indonesia, with primary products being seeds, mace, and essential oils. These are widely used in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Nutmeg has been widely grown in Indonesia, including in Lampung. The study’s objective was to observe yield, morphological characteristics, and chemical constituents of nutmeg oil of the nutmeg germplasm population grown in Lampung. Five populations belonging to the farmers were selected based on yield. Observation on yield tree−1 and morphology was carried out from each population. Analyses of essential oil were taken from mature nutmeg collected from each selected tree, bulked, and analyzed population−1 using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry. Results showed there was a variation in yield among the population from 4972 to 6140. Morphological characteristics also showed variation within and between populations. A variation in the essential oil contents was observed. The number of detected chemical constituents in the essential oil of nutmeg seed varies from 26 to 39 compounds. Some of the major components found in the nutmeg oil were sabinene, myristicin, β-phellandrene, P-menth-1-en-4-ol, α-pinene, and gamma-terpinene. Myristicin content varies from 13.76 % to 27.99 %. The selected trees may be recommended as genetic material for nutmeg breeding programs.
Molecular identification of three endophytic fungi from eucalyptus leaves and their pathogenicity
Authors: Noveriza R , Gusmaini  , Nurhayati H , Roostika I
Published: February 2022

Eucalyptus leaves have antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal components and have been use to treat colds, influenza, rhinitis, sinusitis, and other respiratory infections. Endophytic fungi can produce secondary metabolites similar to their hosts. The research was performed to assess the pathogenicity of species-specific endophytic fungi isolated from Eucalyptus leaves on Eucalyptus citriodora plantlets through in vitro inoculation and molecular identification. This research was conducted at the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crop Research Institute, Plant Protection Laboratory, from July 2020 – May 2021. Isolation of endophytic fungi was done by direct planting method, whereas purification and characterization of fifty isolates were conducted on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media for their activity as antimicrobial. Based on ITS sequence analysis, the DNA sequences of isolate A-TKR1 were identical to Aspergillus flavus, isolate E-TKR3 to Penicillium citrinum, and isolate ECT- TKR7 to Neofusicoccum parvum. The similarity of those isolates was 100%, 99.81%, 99.82%, respectively. The re-isolation analysis of infected tissues showed that A. flavus, P. citrinum, and N. parvum matched Koch’s postulates and confirmed endophytes’ presence within living tissues.
Decay rates for Kelvin-Voigt damped wave equations II: The geometric control condition
Authors: Burq Nicolas , Sun Chenmin
Published: February 2022

We study in this article decay rates for Kelvin-Voigt damped wave equations under a geometric control condition. When the damping coefficient is sufficiently smooth (

C
1

C^1

vanishing nicely, see the following equation:

|

∇
a

|

⩽
C

a

1
2

|\nabla a|\leqslant Ca^{\frac {1}{2}}

) we show that exponential decay follows from geometric control conditions (see Nicolas Burq and Hans Christianson [Comm. Math. Phys. 336 (2015), pp. 101–130] and Louis Tebou [C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris 350 (2012), pp. 603–608] for similar results under stronger assumptions on the damping function).
Connectedness of square-free Groebner deformations
Authors: Alanís-López Lilia , Núñez-Betancourt Luis , Ramírez-Moreno Pedro
Published: February 2022

Let

I
⊆
S
=
K
[

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

]

I\subseteq S=K[x_1,\ldots ,x_n]

be a homogeneous ideal equipped with a monomial order

>
>

. We show that if

in

>

⁡
(
I
)

\operatorname {in}_{>}(I)

is a square-free monomial ideal, then

S

/

I

S/I

and

S

/

in
>

⁡
(
I
)

S/\operatorname {in}_>(I)

have the same connectedness dimension. We also show that graphs related to connectedness of these quotient rings have the same number of components. We also provide consequences regarding Lyubeznik numbers. We obtain these results by furthering the study of connectedness modulo a parameter in a local ring.
Combining tangential flow filtration and size fractionation of mesocosm water as a method for the investigation of waterborne coral diseases
Authors: Evans James S , Paul Valerie J , Ushijima Blake , Kellogg Christina A
Published: February 2022

The causative agents of most coral diseases today remain unknown, complicating disease response and restoration efforts. Pathogen identifications can be hampered by complex microbial communities naturally associated with corals and seawater, which create complicating “background noise” that can potentially obscure a pathogen’s signal. Here, we outline an approach to investigate waterborne coral diseases that use a combination of coral mesocosms, tangential flow filtration, and size fractionation to reduce the impact of this background microbial diversity, compensate for unknown infectious dose, and further narrow the suspect pool of potential pathogens. As proof of concept, we use this method to compare the bacterial communities shed into six Montastraea cavernosa coral mesocosms and demonstrate this method effectively detects differences between diseased and healthy coral colonies. We found several amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in the diseased mesocosms that represented 100% matches with ASVs identified in prior studies of diseased coral tissue, further illustrating the effectiveness of our approach. Our described method is an effective alternative to using coral tissue or mucus to investigate waterborne coral diseases of unknown etiology and can help more quickly narrow the pool of possible pathogens to better aid in disease response efforts. Additionally, this versatile method can be easily adapted to characterize either the entire microbial community associated with a coral or target-specific microbial groups, making it a beneficial approach regardless of whether a causative agent is suspected or is completely unknown.
Graves’ disease and the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a Korean population-based study
Authors: Cho Yoon Young , Kim Bongseong , Shin Dong Wook , Youn Jinyoung , Mok Ji Oh , Kim Chul-Hee , Kim Sun Wook , Chung Jae Hoon , Han Kyungdo , Kim Tae Hyuk
Published: February 2022

Two European cohort studies have suggested that Graves’ disease is associated with the development of Parkinson’s disease, although the results were limited and controversial. We evaluated whether patients with Graves’ disease had an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease according to treatment modality. We included 65 380 Graves’ disease patients and 326 900 healthy controls matched according to age and sex, using the Korean National Health Insurance database. The primary outcome was the incidences of Parkinson’s disease amongst Graves’ disease patients and controls. Subgroup analyses of Graves’ disease patients were performed according to anti-thyroid drug treatment, radioactive iodine therapy and surgery. The cumulative dose and duration values of anti-thyroid drug were calculated for each patient and categorized into highest, middle and lowest tertiles. Amongst 65 380 Graves’ disease patients, 301 Parkinson’s disease cases were diagnosed during 453 654 person-years of follow-up. Relative to the controls, and regardless of age, sex or comorbidities, the Graves’ disease patients had a 33% higher risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (hazard ratio: 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.17–1.51). Most Graves’ disease patients (96%) had received medical therapy, and increased risks of Parkinson’s disease were observed in the various subgroups for cumulative dose and treatment duration. This study revealed that Graves’ disease was an independent risk factor for developing Parkinson’s disease, and that the risk remained elevated regardless of demographic factors or treatment duration/dosage of the anti-thyroid drug. Clinicians should be aware that Graves’ disease patients have an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease, even though Graves’ disease patients are often relatively young.
Aging in the Right Place: A Conceptual Framework of Indicators for Older Persons Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Canham Sarah L , Weldrick Rachel , Sussman Tamara , Walsh Christine A , Mahmood Atiya
Published: February 2022

Aging in place may not be a universally optimal goal nor accessible to all. Research has highlighted the significance of aging in the right place (AIRP) by recognizing that secure housing for older adults should support one’s unique vulnerabilities and lifestyles. Despite the evolving conceptualization of AIRP for general populations of older adults, considerations of AIRP relevant for older people with previous or current experiences of homelessness are absent from the existing literature. Given this conceptual gap, we developed a framework of indicators relevant for older persons experiencing homelessness. We engaged community partners in the development of our framework and examined what had been described in prior research on aging in place and person–environment fit for older adults. The resulting conceptual framework is comprised of 6 subcategories of indicators: (a) built environment of the housing unit and surrounding neighborhood, (b) offsite and onsite health and social services and resources, (c) social integration, (d) stability and affordability of place, (e) emotional place attachment, and (f) broader political and economic contexts. This framework provides a practical and meaningful contribution to the literature which can be used to promote AIRP for individuals whose experiences are often not reflected in existing models.
Current Topics in Research, Care, and Welfare of Common Marmosets
Authors: Burns Monika , Silva Afonso C
Published: February 2022

Although the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has been maintained in captivity in biomedical research settings for decades, interest and use of the species as an animal model for a diverse array of purposes has increased in the 21st century. Unfortunately, the development of validated animal care standards such as nutrition, husbandry, and clinical care has not expanded with the same rapidity as the use of the species in research. The goal of this themed issue of the ILAR Journal is to review current literature relevant to topics that impact marmoset health, welfare, and use in research. As the population of captive marmosets increases worldwide, the editors urge scientists, veterinary clinicians, and colony managers to continue conducting and publishing robust studies to develop evidence-based standards related to marmoset care and use. The editors also encourage IACUCs and other institutional review bodies to seek training on topics relevant to marmoset welfare and develop related policies prior to acquiring animals as a novel species.