bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the physical effects of combining small-sided games with short high-intensity interval training or repeated sprint training in youth soccer players: A parallel-study design
Authors: Nobari Hadi , Silva Ana Filipa , Vali Norodin , Clemente Filipe Manuel
Published: May 2022

Most of the research combining small-sided games (SSGs) with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is using the short or long forms of HIIT. However, other types of HIIT as repeated sprint training (RST) could enhance different stimuli. The purpose of the current research was to analyze the within- and between-group variations of physical fitness and body composition of two combined training interventions: (i) SSGs combined with a short high intensity interval training (sHIIT); and (ii) SSGs combined with a RST. This study followed a randomized parallel study design. Twenty-eight youth soccer players (age: 17.3 ± 0.5) belong to the same team were assigned equally to two intervention groups: SSG + sHIIT versus SSG + RST. Training intervention lasted 4 weeks, with a 2-session/week frequency. The players were tested twice, once before and after the intervention with the following tests: skinfolds (fat mass); Sargent jump test (SJT); standing long jump; sprinting time at 10-, 20-, or 30-m; 5-0-5 for time and deficit; 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15IFT) based on the final velocity, and repeated sprint ability (RAST) for peak, minimum, average power, and fatigue index. A mixed analysis of variance was conducted to considering factor × time effect. Between-group analysis revealed no significant differences at baseline and post-intervention period for fat mass, sprinting time at 10-, 20-, and 30-m, change-of-direction (COD) time and deficit, SJT and standing long jump, final velocity at 30-15IFT and RAST peak, average power, and fatigue index ( p > 0.05). Within-group analysis revealed that both groups significantly reduced fat mass ( p ≤ 0.001), SJT ( p ≤ 0.001), standing long jump ( p ≤ 0.001), sprint time at 10- and 20-m ( p ≤ 0.001), 30-m ( p = 0.002), COD time ( p ≤ 0.001) and deficit ( p < 0.05), RAST average ( p < 0.05), and final velocity 30-15IFT ( p ≤ 0.001). Only SSG + RST had significant improvements on COD deficit and peak power ( p < 0.05). The result of the current research suggests that either SSG + sHIIT or SSG + RST are effective for improving physical fitness in youth soccer players, with a multiple beneficial effect on locomotor profile, speed and COD, jumping performance and repeated sprint ability.
A method for calculating and interpreting the ratio of friction force to normal force imparted on a spherical object: Application to a cricket ball during bowling
Authors: Fuss Franz Konstantin , Tan Adin Ming , Weizman Yehuda , Ferdinands René E. D.
Published: May 2022

The coefficient of friction (COF) is usually calculated from a force ratio or a translational velocity ratio. We developed a new method for calculating the COF between fingers and a thrown ball from the spin parameter (angular over translational velocity). We used triad data obtained from a motion analysis system. We rigidified the triad data with a new method by force-fitting a master triangle (obtained from average side lengths) to each triad, where the three distances between each pair of corresponding vertices are three virtual forces that are in force and moment equilibrium. We also applied a low-pass filter to the data. The following data were calculated: helical axis between two consecutive master triangles, angular velocity, translational velocity, and COF. We applied this method to cricket ball deliveries (finger-spin topspin Ft, finger-spin backspin Fb, wrist-spin topspin Wt, wrist-spin backspin Wb). The standard deviations of the triad side lengths were smaller without than with low-pass filter. The COF showed smaller interquartile and total ranges when force fitting the raw data than when force-fitting the filtered data; or filtered data without force fitting; or neither force-fitting nor filtering. The delivery finger-spin backspin exhibited the smallest COF, whereas wrist-spin backspin had the highest. Finger-spin deliveries had a smaller COF than wrist-spin ones. There was no significant difference between topspin and backspin in terms of the COF. Deliveries with the palm pointing medially (Ft, Wb) had a greater COF than deliveries with the palm pointing laterally (Fb, Wt). In conclusion, the force-fitting method was superior compared to low-pass filtering with the latter worsening the data because of filtering along the time axis rather than spatially. The COF imparted on cricket ball led to a new classification system of deliveries and to a proposal for a new bowling strategy.
The Impact of Bilastine on Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis and Chronic Urticaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Abdelshafy Aliaa M. , Abdallah Sara Y. , Hassan Ahmed F. , Mohamed Hazem A. , Kamal Nourhan M. , Ali Sohila T. , Abdelhaleem Ibrahim A.
Published: May 2022

Background

Allergic diseases are immunological exaggerations with symptoms that may interfere with life quality. Bilastine, a novel oral second-generation H-1 antihistamine, is highly selective to H-1 receptors and has anti inflammatory properties. The present evidence regarding the drug efficacy is inconsistent.

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bilastine compared with the placebo and other active antihistamines in patients who complained either from AR or chronic urticaria.

Methods

We systematically searched the Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating bilastine effects on symptomatic hyper histaminic allergic conditions. We collected data on total symptoms scores (TSS), total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), discomfort associated with these allergic conditions measured by visual analog score (VAS), and quality of life (QOL) for AR and urticaria. Other outcomes such as clinical global impression and safety profiles were reported as well. We pooled the studies in a random effect model using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results

We included 9 RCTs comprising 3801 participants. The meta-analysis revealed that bilastine was superior to placebo, improving TSS, TNSS, VAS, and QOL in AR or chronic urticaria participants. Moreover, the bilastine was comparable to active antihistamines such as cetirizine, fexofenadine, and loratadine regarding mentioned outcomes. In addition, the novel drug was safe and tolerable with no difference in the incidence of adverse events with a placebo.

Conclusions

Bilastine safely improved TSS in hyper histaminic allergic conditions involving nasal symptoms in AR. It decreases the discomfort associated with the disease resulting in improving the QOL of the participants.
Photovoltaic concentrator potential and its inactivation rate of indicator microorganism in point of use water treatment system
Authors: Lamore Yonas , Alemu Simegn
Published: May 2022

Objective:

Unsafe drinking water has a significant health impact all over the world especially, in developing countries. Household water treatments become more affordable than conventional ones for many reasons. Photovoltaic concentrator is environmentally sound and effective inactivation method by converting light energy to electricity. This study aimed to assess the inactivation potential of photovoltaic concentrator on drinking water quality indicator microorganisms at different solar exposure times.

Methods:

A laboratory-based experimental study was conducted at Jimma University’s environmental microbiology laboratory to measure the disinfection potential of the photovoltaic concentrator for months in uneven weather conditions. A membrane filtration, a pour plate count method, and a calibrated clear sky calculator were used.

Results:

Among indicator microorganisms, Escherichia coli was completely inactivated (standard deviation = 11.3°C, R2 = 0.80) at 2 h of solar exposure whereas heterotrophic plate count was measured as (SD = 12.2°C, R2 = 0.82) at 35°C for 48 h in the sample that contains 2.81 NTU.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings, photovoltaic concentrator was one of the most effective inactivation technologies for E. coli and total coliform.
Neurocysticercosis presenting as psychosis: A case report and a brief literature review
Authors: Ahmed Saeed , Usmani Sadia , Javed Sana , Hans Aakash , Saboor Sundas , Hanif Aunsa , Saleem Sheikh Mohd , Shoib Sheikh
Published: May 2022

Patients with neurocysticercosis, a common infection of the central nervous system caused by Taenia solium, have been reported to develop neuropsychiatric complications. We report a unique case of recurrent psychosis caused by neurocysticercosis in a 37-year-old El Salvador immigrant woman and discuss the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of the complications. We reviewed published case reports of neurocysticercosis that presented with psychotic features and compared their diagnostic evaluation, the underlying pathophysiology of complications and treatment regimen with our case. This review concludes that neurocysticercosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with psychosis with a history of residence in an endemic area.
Acute airway obstruction by a mucus plug in a patient with a 12-year history of inserting a double cannula tracheostomy tube: A case report
Authors: Miyata Jun , Dateoka Kaname , Yoshioka Tetsuya
Published: May 2022

Acute airway obstruction long after tracheostomy has rarely been reported. An 81-year-old Japanese woman with a tracheostomy tube for 12 years developed a 2-day history of coughing-up sputum with difficulty, foreign body sensation, and mild dyspnea. Dyspnea worsened immediately after computed tomography, showing soft tissue opacity between the tip of the tracheostomy tube and the bronchi. A movable mass in the trachea, identified as mucus by pathological examination, was removed using bronchoscopy. Acute airway obstruction by a mucus plug potentially occurred with a long history of insertion of a tracheostomy tube. Emergency imaging studies and bronchoscopy were useful for management.
Factors associated with eHealth literacy focusing on digital literacy components: A cross-sectional study of middle-aged adults in South Korea
Authors: Lee Jaegyeong , Tak Sunghee H
Published: May 2022

Background

Digital technology has dramatically changed the world in which we live, and the ability to access and understand information through these new technologies is becoming increasingly important. eHealth literacy is closely related to digital literacy, and some concepts may overlap to a certain extent. Identifying personal and digital-related factors related to eHealth literacy levels in middle-aged adults would be useful for planning tailored interventions and health promotion strategies.

Objective

We aimed to identify the differences in digital literacy and eHealth literacy levels according to demographic features, and to elucidate the factors associated with eHealth literacy in the middle-aged population.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional, observational study from 4th to 8th February 2021. A total of 320 South Korean participants aged 40–64 years were recruited and completed an online questionnaire, where demographic features, chronic disease status, frequency of Internet use, digital skills, digital competence, and eHealth literacy were measured. eHealth literacy was measured with the eHEALS. We used multiple regression analysis to elucidate the factors associated with eHealth literacy.

Results

Multiple regression analysis revealed that digital competence was the highest contributor to an individual's eHealth literacy ( β = 0.330, P < 0.001), while digital skills was not significantly associated with eHealth literacy ( β = 0.086, P = 0.267). In addition, eHealth literacy was positively associated with increasing age ( β = 0.258, P < 0.001), female gender ( β = −0.118, P = 0.022), and higher education levels ( β = 0.114, P = 0.041), while marital state, chronic disease, and frequency of internet use were not significantly associated with eHealth literacy.

Conclusions

Our study provides valuable information on digital literacy and eHealth literacy in middle-aged adults and may be used to guide tailored interventions for improving eHealth literacy. Future studies should consider the differences in digital literacy levels across generations when assessing eHealth literacy or planning digital health interventions.
Trade Openness, Institutions, and Inclusive Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Agyei Samuel Kwaku , Idan Godwin Adolf
Published: May 2022

This study assesses the moderating role of institutions in the trade openness and inclusive growth nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Based on the System General Method of Moment estimation technique applied to data from 39 SSA countries from 1996 to 2017, the results offer support for the assertion that institutions strengthen the positive relationship between trade openness and inclusive growth in SSA. Economies in SSA should put in policies to strengthen their institutions to improve the positive link between trade openness and inclusive growth.
DNA Methyl Transferase 3A (DNMT3A) Mutation Presenting as Isolated Pure Red Cell Aplasia
Authors: Sidda Adarsh , Manu Gurusidda , Alsharedi Mohamed , Dotson Jennifer , Nahar Niru
Published: May 2022

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare disorder mainly affecting the erythroid precursor cells. It presents with severe isolated reticulocytopenia with relatively normal counts in the myeloid and megakaryocytic lineages. It has been attributed to numerous congenital and acquired causes. DNA Methyl Transferase 3 Alpha (DNMT3A) mutation has been typically associated with myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. There is a scarcity of data regarding the association of DNMT3A mutation with PRCA. We report a case of a 73-year-old man who initially presented with anemia and reticulocytopenia. After a thorough evaluation and eventual bone marrow biopsy, he was diagnosed with PRCA. Further genetic testing identified a DNMT3A mutation. We are reporting this rare case to highlight the fact that DNMT3A mutation can also present as isolated PRCA in and of itself without the co-occurrence of leukemia, lymphoma, or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
Narratives of Race in School Rezoning: How the Politics of Whiteness Shape Belonging, Leadership Decisions, and School Attendance Boundaries
Authors: Castro Andrene J. , Siegel-Hawley Genevieve , Bridges Kimberly , Williams Shenita E.
Published: May 2022

School rezoning, or redistricting, is the process by which school boards draw and redraw school attendance boundaries. These boundaries are key drivers of racial and economic school segregation but can also work to ameliorate it. Using a critical orientation to narrative policy analysis, this study examined the cultural politics of race and whiteness in an urban school district undergoing school rezoning. Drawing on semistructured interviews with 15 school leaders and community stakeholders, findings provide a lens for school leaders and policymakers to better understand how and to what extent race is imposed in school attendance boundary decisions. Our findings expand current literature on school rezoning by shedding new light on racial narratives embedded within the political process. We conclude with policy and practice implications.
The Emergency Department Patient Experience: In Their Own Words
Authors: Aleksandrovskiy Ilya , Ganti Latha , Simmons Stefanie
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the authors review the verbatim comments from patients’ post-emergency department discharge survey results and highlight the impact that doctors and nurses have on the patient's experience. This paper also explores the benefits of delivering a positive experience on patients, clinicians, and healthcare systems. Many interventions that have worked are simple to implement and do not tend to require significant capital investment while having the potential of improving emergency department encounters for all those involved. There are always limitations, selection biases, and issues with generalizability in reviewing retrospective and subjective survey response data.
Lifestyle and Its Effective Factors in Nurses with Covid-19
Authors: Shamsi Afzal , Jaladati Mansureh , Ghaderi Musab
Published: May 2022

Introduction & Objective

Lifestyle is one of the most important factors affecting health. Nurses, as health promoters, are at the forefront of the fight against Covid-19 disease; thus, they are at risk of the disease and its subsequent problems. The present study aimed to determine the lifestyle and influential factors among nurses with Covid-19.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study performed on 250 nurses with Covid-19, working in hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Samples were first selected by multi-stage random sampling method. Then, they were classified into clusters using purposive sampling method based on inclusion criteria. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a cross-culturally adapted nurses’ lifestyle questionnaire. Then, the data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests in SPSS ver. 25. Eventually, p-value < .05 was considered as the significant level.

Results

The mean score of nurses’ lifestyle was 4.06 ± 0.39. The highest scores of lifestyle subscales include competency (4.69 ± 0.30), systematic interactions (4.66 ± 0.35), responsibility (4.086 ± 0.55), role management and work system (3.68 ± 0.52), management of individual life (3.49 ± 0.68), and interactions (3.34 ± 0.44), respectively. The findings of the linear regression statistical test showed that sex, marriage, work shift, and work experience have significant predictive power for the overall lifestyle, respectively.

Conclusion

Nurses with Covid-19have an acceptable lifestyle level. Factors such as sex, marriage, shift work, and work experience affect the lifestyle of nurses with Covid-19. Accordingly, planning is necessary to improve the lifestyle of nurses and the factors affecting it during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Nephrological management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients: A narrative review
Authors: Pirovano Marta , Cosmai Laura
Published: May 2022

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most frequent malignancy encountered in general nephrology practice; when kidney disease develops in the setting of RCC, it may limit long-term outcomes, patients often dying of a non-cancer-related complication of kidney disease.

There is a reciprocal relationship between renal cancer and kidney; chronic kidney disease can increase the risk of developing kidney cancer, and patients with RCC often experience renal impairment owing to pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and/or other medically challenging comorbidities, or risk factors for CKD. Nephrologists should be involved in all aspects of RCC patients’ care, from pre-nephrectomy evaluation, to management of post-nephrectomy CKD, through the recognition and management of anticancer drugs-related kidney toxicity. This collaborative approach to RCC care will further improve the clinical outcomes of kidney cancer patients.
Feminism of Charal
Authors: Choudhury Sutadripa Dutta
Published: May 2022

My article intends to focus on the prevalent silent predilection for mainstream feminism. Dalit feminism perpetrates through discrimination on the caste, class and gender struggle, whereas mainstream feminism has portrayed the struggle that centres around those who are higher in the caste hierarchy. Mainstream feminism has not yet delved into the struggle of those who are striving to raise their voice against the ‘triple monster’ as is coined by Bama in an interview. The triple monster here connotes caste, class and gender bias. My article will read the struggle of women Bangla Dalit writers who are suppressed and oppressed by this ‘triple Monster’.

My primary text includes Chandalinir Kabita and Chandalini Bhone by Kalyani Thakur Charal. The article will also read Ami Kano Charal Likhi. Along with these, my article will bring in the contrast of women Dalit writers from another state, for instance, Bama from Tamil Nadu and Urmila Pawar from Maharashtra. The conflict lies here in the fact that the women Bangla Dalit writers in Bengal are subjugated extensively.

The article will confront the struggle of Dalit feminism in a world where mainstream feminism reigns and rules securely. Against feminism, Kalyani Thakur Charal asserts that she prefers the term womanism more since womanism has penetrated through those layers that are not yet being evaded by mainstream feminism. Thereby, the article will bring in the concept of Dalit womanism along with the aforementioned statements.
From “trust” to “trustworthiness”: Retheorizing dynamics of trust, distrust, and water security in North America
Authors: Wilson Nicole J , Montoya Teresa , Lambrinidou Yanna , Harris Leila M , Pauli Benjamin J , McGregor Deborah , Patrick Robert J , Gonzalez Silvia , Pierce Gregory , Wutich Amber
Published: May 2022

Assumptions of trust in water systems are widespread in higher-income countries, often linked to expectations of “modern water.” The current literature on water and trust also tends to reinforce a technoscientific approach, emphasizing the importance of aligning water user perceptions with expert assessments. Although such approaches can be useful to document instances of distrust, they often fail to explain why patterns differ over time, and across contexts and populations. Addressing these shortcomings, we offer a relational approach focused on the trustworthiness of hydro-social systems to contextualize water-trust dynamics in relation to broader practices and contexts. In doing so, we investigate three high-profile water crises in North America where examples of distrust are prevalent: Flint, Michigan; Kashechewan First Nation; and the Navajo Nation. Through our theoretical and empirical examination, we offer insights on these dynamics and find that distrust may at times be a warranted and understandable response to experiences of water insecurity and injustice. We examine the interconnected experiences of marginality and inequity, ontological and epistemological injustice, unequal governance and politics, and histories of water insecurity and harm as potential contributors to untrustworthiness in hydro-social systems. We close with recommendations for future directions to better understand water-trust dynamics and address water insecurity.
The Effect of Laser Ablation Pulse Width and Feed Speed on Necrosis and Surface Damage of Cortical Bone
Authors: Robles-Linares Jose A. , Winter Kieran , Liao Zhirong
Published: May 2022

Bone cutting is of importance in orthopaedic surgery but is also challenging due to its nature of brittleness—where severe mechanical and thermal damages can be introduced easily in conventional machining. Laser machining is a new technology that can allow for complex cut geometries whilst minimising surface defects i.e., smearing, which occur in mechanical methods. However, comparative studies on the influence of lasers with different pulse characteristics on necrotic damage and surface integrity have not been reported yet. This paper for the first time investigates the effects of laser type on the necrotic damage and surface integrity in fresh bovine cortical bone after ex-situ laser machining. Three lasers of different pulse widths, i.e., picosecond, nanosecond and continuous wave lasers have been investigated with different feed speeds tested to study the machining efficiency. The cutting temperature, and geometrical outputs have been measured to investigate the thermal influence on the cooling behaviour of the bone samples while high-speed imaging was used to compare the material removal mechanisms between a pulsed and continuous wave laser. Furthermore, an in-depth histological analysis of the subsurface has revealed that the nanosecond laser caused the largest necrotic depth, owing to the high pulse frequency limiting the dissipation of heat. It has also been observed that surface cracks positioned perpendicular to the trench direction were produced after machining by the picosecond laser, indicative of the photomechanical effect induced by plasma explosions. Therefore, the choice of laser type (i.e., in terms of its pulse width and frequency) needs to be critically considered for appropriate application during laser osteotomy with minimum damage and improved healing.
Gene expression data classification using topology and machine learning models
Authors: Dey Tamal K. , Mandal Sayan , Mukherjee Soham
Published: May 2022

Background

Interpretation of high-throughput gene expression data continues to require mathematical tools in data analysis that recognizes the shape of the data in high dimensions. Topological data analysis (TDA) has recently been successful in extracting robust features in several applications dealing with high dimensional constructs. In this work, we utilize some recent developments in TDA to curate gene expression data. Our work differs from the predecessors in two aspects: (1) Traditional TDA pipelines use topological signatures called barcodes to enhance feature vectors which are used for classification. In contrast, this work involves curating relevant features to obtain somewhat better representatives with the help of TDA. This representatives of the entire data facilitates better comprehension of the phenotype labels. (2) Most of the earlier works employ barcodes obtained using topological summaries as fingerprints for the data. Even though they are stable signatures, there exists no direct mapping between the data and said barcodes.

Results

The topology relevant curated data that we obtain provides an improvement in shallow learning as well as deep learning based supervised classifications. We further show that the representative cycles we compute have an unsupervised inclination towards phenotype labels. This work thus shows that topological signatures are able to comprehend gene expression levels and classify cohorts accordingly.

Conclusions

In this work, we engender representative persistent cycles to discern the gene expression data. These cycles allow us to directly procure genes entailed in similar processes.
Transcriptomics and metagenomics of common cutworm (Spodoptera litura) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) demonstrate differences in detoxification and development
Authors: Tang Ruixiang , Liu Fangyuan , Lan Yue , Wang Jiao , Wang Lei , Li Jing , Liu Xu , Fan Zhenxin , Guo Tao , Yue Bisong
Published: May 2022

Background

Spodoptera litura is an important polyphagous pest that causes significant damage to the agricultural sector. We performed RNA-seq of 15 S. litura individuals from larval (fifth and sixth instar larvae), chrysalis, and adult developmental stages. We also compared the S. litura transcriptome data with Spodoptera frugiperda across the same developmental stages, which was sequenced in our previous study.

Results

A total of 101,885 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified in S. litura. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that S. litura may undergo active xenobiotic and detoxifying metabolism during its larval and adult stages, which may explain difficulties with current population control measures. We also found that DETs of single-copy orthologous genes between S. litura and S. frugiperda were involved in basic metabolism and development. However, energy and metabolic processes genes had a higher expression in S. litura, whereas nervous and olfactory function genes had a higher expression in S. frugiperda. Metagenomics analysis in larval S. litura and S. frugiperda revealed that microbiota participate in the detoxification and metabolism processes, but the relative abundance of detoxification-related microbiota was more abundant in S. frugiperda. Transcriptome results also confirmed the detoxification-related pathway of S. frugiperda was more abundant than in S. litura.

Conclusions

Significant changes at transcriptional level were identified during the different development stages of S. litura. Importantly, we also identified detoxification associated genes and gut microbiota between S. litura and S. frugiperda at different developmental stages, which will be valuable in revealing possible mechanisms of detoxification and development in these two lepidopterans.
The OmpA of commensal Escherichia coli of CRC patients affects apoptosis of the HCT116 colon cancer cell line
Authors: Mirzarazi Mahsa , Bashiri Soroor , Hashemi Ali , Vahidi Mahmoud , Kazemi Bahram , Bandehpour Mojgan
Published: May 2022

Background

Colorectal cancer ranks third globally among all types of cancers. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota of people with CRC is one of the effective agents in the tumorigenesis and metastasis in this type of cancer. The population of Escherichia coli strains, a component of gut microbiota, is increased in the gut of people with CRC compared with healthy people. So, E.coli strains isolated from these patients may have a role in tumorigenesis. Because the most isolated strains belong to the B2 phylogenuetic group, there seems to be a linkage between the bacterium components and malignancy.

Material and methods

In this study, the proteomic comparison between isolated Ecoli from CRC patients and healthy people was assayed. The isolated spot was studied by Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The results showed that the expression of Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) protein increased in the commensal E.coli B2 phylogenetic group isolated from CRC patients. Additionally, we analyzed the effect of the OmpA protein on the expression of the four genes related to apoptosis in the HCT116 colon cancer cell line.

Results

This study identified that OmpA protein was overexpressed in the commensal E.coli B2 phylogenetic group isolated from CRC patients compared to the E.coli from the control group. This protein significantly decreased the expression of Bax and Bak, pro-apoptotic genes, as well as the expression of P53 in the HCT116 Cell Line, P < 0.0001. LC–MS and protein bioinformatics results confirmed that this protein is outer membrane protein A, which can bind to nucleic acid and some of the organelle proteins on the eukaryotic cell surface.

Conclusions

According to our invitro and insilico investigations, OmpA of gut E.coli strains that belong to the B2 phylogenetic group can affect the eukaryotic cell cycle.
Associations between IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 variations, and susceptibility to transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Atasoy Karakas Latife , Tugrul Duygu , Sahin Uysal Nihal , Esin Sertac , Tokel Niyazi Kursat , Terzi Yunus Kasim
Published: May 2022

Background

To evaluate the relationship between IL-1α -889C/T (rs1800587), IL-1β -511C > T (rs16944), TNFα -308G > A (rs1800629), TNFα -238G > A (rs361525), IL-6 -174G > C (rs1800795), and IL-6 -572G > C (rs1800796) polymorphisms and the susceptibility to transposition of the great arteries (TGA).

Methods

A prospective analysis was performed on mothers whose newborns were diagnosed as having TGA. For each case of TGA, a mother who gave birth to a healthy neonate in the same period was randomly selected for the control group. The sample size was calculated before planning the study with 80% power and 5% alpha.

Results

Twenty-seven mothers whose newborn had TGA anomalies (group 1) and 27 mothers whose newborn had no TGA (group 2) were included in the study. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of maternal age, pregestational body mass index, gestational age at birth and infant sex (p > 0.05). The genotype and allele distributions of IL-1α -889C/T (rs1800587), IL-1β -511C > T (rs16944), TNFα -308G > A (rs1800629), TNFα -238G > A (rs361525), IL-6 -174G > C (rs1800795) and IL-6 -572G > C (rs1800796) gene variants were not different between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

There was no relation between IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα promoter gene polymorphisms and TGA occurrence in our study group.

Trial registration: This present prospective case–control study was conducted in Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, between May 2020 and November 2021. Ethical approval was obtained from the university’s Clinical Research Ethics Commitee (No: KA20/211) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Detecting accelerometer non-wear periods using change in acceleration combined with rate-of-change in temperature
Authors: Vert Adam , Weber Kyle S. , Thai Vanessa , Turner Erin , Beyer Kit B. , Cornish Benjamin F , Godkin F. Elizabeth , Wong Christopher , McIlroy William E. , Van Ooteghem Karen
Published: May 2022

Background

Accelerometery is commonly used to estimate physical activity, sleep, and sedentary behavior. In free-living conditions, periods of device removal (non-wear) can lead to misclassification of behavior with consequences for research outcomes and clinical decision making. Common methods for non-wear detection are limited by data transformations (e.g., activity counts) or algorithm parameters such as minimum durations or absolute temperature thresholds that risk over- or under-estimating non-wear time. This study aimed to advance non-wear detection methods by integrating a ‘rate-of-change’ criterion for temperature into a combined temperature-acceleration algorithm.

Methods

Data were from 39 participants with neurodegenerative disease (36% female; age: 45–83 years) who wore a tri-axial accelerometer (GENEActiv) on their wrist 24-h per day for 7-days as part of a multi-sensor protocol. The reference dataset was derived from visual inspection conducted by two expert analysts. Linear regression was used to establish temperature rate-of-change as a criterion for non-wear detection. A classification and regression tree (CART) decision tree classifier determined optimal parameters separately for non-wear start and end detection. Classifiers were trained using data from 15 participants (38.5%). Outputs from the CART analysis were supplemented based on edge cases and published parameters.

Results

The dataset included 186 non-wear periods (85.5% < 60 min). Temperature rate-of-change over the first five minutes of non-wear was − 0.40 ± 0.17 °C/minute and 0.36 ± 0.21 °C/minute for the first five minutes following device donning. Performance of the DETACH (DEvice Temperature and Accelerometer CHange) algorithm was improved compared to existing algorithms with recall of 0.942 (95% CI 0.883 to 1.0), precision of 0.942 (95% CI 0.844 to 1.0), F1-Score of 0.942 (95% CI 0.880 to 1.0) and accuracy of 0.996 (0.994–1.000).

Conclusion

The DETACH algorithm accurately detected non-wear intervals as short as five minutes; improving non-wear classification relative to current interval-based methods. Using temperature rate-of-change combined with acceleration results in a robust algorithm appropriate for use across different temperature ranges and settings. The ability to detect short non-wear periods is particularly relevant to free-living scenarios where brief but frequent removals occur, and for clinical application where misclassification of behavior may have important implications for healthcare decision-making.
Protocol of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effect of probiotics on the gut microbiome of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease treated with rabeprazole
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Xie Yong , Li Yingmeng , Zheng Longjin , Xiao Qiuping , Zhou Xu , Li Qiong , Yang Ni , Zuo Kexuan , Xu Tielong , Lu Nong-Hua , Zhang Heping
Published: May 2022

Background

For patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms, the preferred treatment is proton pump inhibitor (PPI) administration for approximately 8 weeks. However, long-term use of PPIs can cause gut microbiome (GM) disturbances. This study is designed to evaluate the effect of probiotics combined with a PPI on the GM and gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Method

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 120 eligible patients with GERD will be randomized into the experimental group or the control group. The treatment includes two phases: the initial treatment period lasts 8 weeks (weeks 1–8), and the maintenance treatment period lasts 4 weeks (weeks 9–12). During the initial treatment period, the experimental group will take rabeprazole and LiHuo probiotics, and the control group will take rabeprazole and a probiotic placebo; during the maintenance treatment period, the experimental group will take LiHuo probiotics, and the control group will take a probiotic placebo. The primary measure is the change in the GM. The secondary measures are the Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) score, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) score, faecal metabolome (FM), body mass index, Los Angeles grade of oesophagitis, adverse event (AE) rate and treatment compliance. Each outcome indicator will be assessed at day 0 (before administration), day 28 and/or 56 (during administration), and day 84 (end of administration) to reveal intragroup differences. AEs will be monitored to assess the safety of LiHuo probiotics.

Discussion

This will be the first trial to use the intestinal flora metagene method to analyse the effects of probiotics on patients with GERD receiving long-term PPI treatment. The goal is to provide evidence for the use of probiotics to reduce intestinal flora disorders and other symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort in patients with GERD who have used PPIs for a long period.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (NO. ChiCTR2000038409). Registered on November 22, 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=56358.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion is associated with different proton pump inhibitor use: a pharmacovigilance study
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Zhang Lingjian , Jia Min , Wang Junyan , Shen Zhiwen , Wang Shuyue , Zhang Xinghui , Xu Jing , Zheng Zheng , Lv Xuanrui , Zong Xiaoyu , Li Hui , Zhou Jin , Meng Tong , Chen Mingzhu , Zhao Bin , Gong Jian
Published: May 2022

Aim

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reported associations between the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) and a variety of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) through analysis of the reports extracted from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods

FAERS reports from January 2004 to March 2020 were used to conduct disproportionality and Bayesian analyses. The definition of SIADH relied on the preferred terms provided by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. The time to onset, mortality, and hospitalization rates of PPI-related SIADH were also investigated.

Results

The study identified a total of 273 reports of PPI-associated SIADH, which appeared to influence more elderly than middle-aged patients (71.1% vs. 12.5%). Women were more affected than men (48.7% vs. 41.8%). Rabeprazole had a stronger SIADH association than other PPIs based on the highest reporting odds ratio (reporting odds ratio = 13.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.2, 24.9), proportional reporting ratio (proportional reporting ratio = 13.3, χ2 = 113.7), and empirical Bayes geometric mean (empirical Bayes geometric mean = 13.3, 95% CI = 7.9). The median time to SIADH onset was 22 (interquartile range 6–692) days after PPI administration. PPI-associated SIADH generally led to a 2.95% fatality rate and a 79.7% hospitalization rate. The highest hospitalization death rate occurred in esomeprazole (91.2%).

Conclusion

According to our findings, more attention should be paid to SIADH within the first several months after the administration of PPIs. For women older than 65 years, dexlansoprazole may reduce the incidence of PPI-associated SIADH. Nonetheless, larger epidemiological studies are suggested to verify this conclusion.
Mir-675-5p supports hypoxia-induced drug resistance in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Zichittella Chiara , Barreca Maria Magdalena , Cordaro Aurora , Corrado Chiara , Alessandro Riccardo , Conigliaro Alice
Published: May 2022

Background

The uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells determines hypoxic conditions within the neoplastic mass with consequent activation of specific molecular pathways that allow cells to survive despite oxygen deprivation. The same molecular pathways are often the cause of chemoresistance. This study aims to investigate the role of the hypoxia-induced miR-675-5p in 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.

Methods

CRC cell lines were treated with 5-Fu and incubated in normoxic or hypoxic conditions; cell viability has been evaluated by MTT assay. MiR-675-5p levels were analysed by RT-PCR and loss and gain expression of the miRNA has been obtained by the transfection of miRNA antagomir or miRNA mimic. Total protein expression of different apoptotic markers was analysed through western blot assay. MirWalk 2.0 database search engine was used to investigate the putative targets of the miR-675-5p involved in the apoptotic process. Finally, the luciferase assay was done to confirm Caspase-3 as a direct target of the miR-675-5p.

Results

Our data demonstrated that hypoxia-induced miR-675-5p counteracts the apoptotic signal induced by 5-FU, thus taking part in the drug resistance response. We showed that the apoptotic markers, cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3, increased combining miR-675-5p inhibition with 5-FU treatment. Moreover, we identified pro-caspase-3 among the targets of the miR-675-5p.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate that the inhibition of hypoxia-induced miR-675-5p combined with 5-FU treatment can enhances drug efficacy in both prolonged hypoxia and normoxia, indicating a possible strategy to partially overcome chemoresistance.
Comparison of the biometric parameters in patients with high myopia and anisometropia
Authors: Liu Jinkun , Wang Yuhong , Huang Weiyi , Wang Fei , Xu Yazhang , Xue Yingying , Wu Mengnan , Yu Fei , Gao Ruxin
Published: May 2022

Background

To compare biometric parameters, especially lens parameters, in patients with high myopia and anisometropia.

Methods

Patients with spherical equivalent greater than -6D and at least one eye with an axial length greater than 26 mm and a difference in binocular axial length greater than 2 mm were included in this study. In each patient, the eye with a relatively shorter axial length was assigned to Group S, and the other eye was assigned to Group L. In patients whose binocular axial length difference was greater than 4 mm, the eye with the shorter axial length was assigned to Group S1 and the other eye was assigned to Group L1. In patients whose shorter eye axial was less than 26 mm, the eye with the shorter axial was assigned to Group S2 and the other eye was assigned to Group L2. Central corneal thickness, corneal curvature radius, axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, white-to-white corneal diameter and the radius of the anterior and posterior lens capsules were compared between Group S and Group L, Groups S1 and L1, and Groups S2 and L2.

Results

Sixty-four people were enrolled in the study. There were 26 people with an axial length difference more than 4 mm (Group S1 and Group L1) and 34 patients with an axial length less than 26 mm (Group S2 and Group L2). No significant differences were found in any parameters except axial length between Group S and Group L, Groups S1 and L1, or Groups S2 and L2 (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The anterior parameters of patients with high myopia did not change with the axial length.
Determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6—23 months in bahir dar city public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: a case control study
Authors: Gebremaryam Tigist , Amare Desalegne , Ayalew Tilksew , Tigabu Agimasie , Menshaw Tiruye
Published: May 2022

Background

Severe acute malnutrition is a major problem among developing countries and it is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia. The impact is more severe among children aged 6–23 months. Severely malnourished children are nine times more likely to die than healthy children. Identification of the determinants of severe acute malnutrition under the age of two years can significantly reduce the burden of child morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6–23 months at Bahir Dar city public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.

Methods

Institutional-based unmatched case–control study was conducted among a total sample size of 201 children (67 cases and 134 controls) in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Tibebe Ghion Specialized teaching hospital, from February 2020–March 2020. Children diagnosed with severe acute malnutrition were considered as cases and children with other problems were control groups. The study participants were randomly selected from pediatrics units in the two specialized hospitals. Data were collected using a structured pretested questionnaire through interviews and anthropometric measurements. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS software version 23 for analysis. Variables with (p < 0.25) in the bivariable analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression. For multivariable analysis, a backward method was selected with a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05.

Results

In this study, 67 cases and 134 controls of children with their mothers had participated with an overall response rate of 100%. Family size > 5 [(AOR = 3.89, 95% CI:(1.19, -12.70)], average perceived birth weight [(AOR = 0.048, 95% CI: 0.015, -0.148)] and large perceived birth weight [(AOR = 0.023, 95% CI:(0.002, -0.271)], introduction of complementary feeding before six months [(AOR = 6.21, 95% CI: (1.44, -26.76)] and dietary diversity score < 5 groups [(AOR = 9.20, 95% CI; 3.40, -19.83)were significant factors associated with severe acute malnutrition.

Conclusion

In this study, dietary diversity, family size, perceived birth weight, and initiation of complementary feeding were significantly associated with severe acute malnutrition. Therefore, emphasis should be given to improving infant and young child feeding practices, especially timely initiation of complementary feeding and dietary diversity.