bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Implant Biologic Pontic Designed Interface: Description of the Technique and Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation
Authors: Pozzi Alessandro , Tallarico Marco , Moy Peter K.
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Purpose

The study aims to evaluate clinically the thickness of the alveolar ridge mucosa underneath a zirconia implant‐supported restoration with a modified ovate pontic.

Materials and Methods

Sixty‐five patients, 32 women and 33 men (mean age: 65.5 years; range 38–81), were included. A total of 383 implants (303 in the maxilla; 80 in the mandible), supporting 81 full or partial fixed dental prostheses (65 in the maxilla; 16 in the mandible), were either cement‐ or screw‐retained. Three years after loading, a total of 219 pontic sites (153 in the maxilla; 66 in the mandible) were measured, and the thickness of the alveolar ridge mucosa between the prosthetic surface and the underlying bone crest were recorded.

Results

The overall implant and prosthesis survival rates at 3 years were 98.7% and 100%, respectively. No implant complications were reported, scoring a cumulative implant success rate of 100%. In the maxilla, the overall mean thickness of the alveolar ridge mucosa was 2.32 ± 0.57 mm. In the mandible, the overall mean thickness of the alveolar ridge mucosa was 2.20 ± 0.62 mm. There was no statistical difference between the overall mean values in the maxilla and mandible (p = .471).

Conclusion

This radiologic retrospective study suggests the existence of a physiological barrier, named prosthetic biological width, underneath a novel pontic‐designed restoration.
Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral or Autologous Bone at Dehiscence Type Defects at Implants Installed Immediately into Extraction Sockets: An Experimental Study in Dogs
Authors: Pereira Flavia Priscila , De Santis Enzo , Hochuli‐Vieira Eduardo , de Souza Faco Eduardo F. , Pantani Fabio , Salata Luiz A. , Botticelli Daniele
Published: March 2015

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate bone regeneration at surgically created dehiscence buccal defects at implants placed immediately into extraction sockets (IPIES) of small dimensions filled with autogenous bone or deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) associated with a collagen membrane.

Materials and Methods

Eight Labrador dogs were used and implants were placed immediately into the extraction sockets of the second premolar. The buccal wall was subsequently removed to create a standardized defect, 4 mm wide coronally, 2 mm wide apically, and 6 mm high. Autogenous bone particles (AB) or DBBM granules were used to fill the defects. All surgical sites were subsequently covered by a resorbable collagen membrane and a non‐submerged healing was allowed. After 4 months, the animals were euthanized and bone blocks harvested and processed for histomorphometric analysis.

Results

The bony crest at the buccal aspect (C) was located 2.3 ± 0.8 mm and 1.7 ± 0.7 mm apically to the implant shoulder (IS) at the AB and DBBM sites, respectively. The coronal levels of osseointegration at the buccal aspect (B) were located 2.7 ± 0.7 mm and 2.2 ± 1.0 mm apically to IS at the AB and DBBM sites, respectively. At the AB sites, the peri‐implant mucosa was located 4.3 ± 0.9 mm, 4.7 ± 0.9 mm, and 2.0 ± 1.6 mm coronally to C, B, and IS, respectively. The corresponding values at the DBBM sites were 4.3 ± 0.6 mm, 4.8 ± 0.6 mm, and 2.5 ± 0.8 mm, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found.

Conclusions

The treatment of surgically created buccal defects at IPIES sites using Bio‐Oss® (Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhusen, LU, Switzerland) or autogenous bone, concomitantly with a collagen membrane, engenders bone regeneration to a similar extent after 4 months of healing.
Primin sensitization in north‐eastern Italy: a temporal trend from 1996 to 2012
Authors: Bongiorni Lorenzo , Prodi Andrea , Rui Francesca , Belloni Fortina Anna , Corradin Maria T. , Larese Filon Francesca
Published: March 2015

Background

Primin is the main contact allergen found in the ornamental plant Primula obconica Hance.

Objective

To analyse the temporal trend of sensitivity to primin in north‐eastern Italy and to evaluate the associations with occupations in our geographical area.

Methodology

From 1996 to 2012, 24 052 consecutive patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested in north‐eastern Italy. Individual characteristics were collected through a standardized questionnaire in eight departments of dermatology or occupational medicine.

Results

The overall prevalence of primin sensitization was 1.9%; the prevalence was significantly higher in women (2.6%) than in men (0.5%). The Pordenone area had the higher prevalence of sensitization, which reached 6% in 1999–2001. We found a significant association between primin sensitization and household workers [odds ratio (OR) 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.61–3.35], retired people (OR 1.8; 95%CI: 1.22–2.81), woodworkers (OR 2.1; 95%CI: 1.10–6.18), and chemical industry workers (OR 2.9; 95%CI: 1.05–8.29).

Conclusion

Our study showed that contact allergy to primin is still relevant in north‐eastern Italy. The frequency of sensitization is decreasing, but for retired and household workers it is still >4%. Our results suggest the need to promote the use of primin‐free P. obconica in Italy.
Democracy for Export: Museums Connect Program as a Vehicle of American Cultural Diplomacy
Authors: Grincheva Natalia
Published: March 2015

Sponsored by the U.S. Department of State and facilitated by the American Alliance of Museums (AAM) through the Museums Connect program, Identities: Understanding Islam in a Cross‐cultural Context is an exercise of community development and public inclusion from the perspective of cultural diplomacy. The 2009–10 project was a cooperative endeavor between the Museum of History and Holocaust Education (MHHE) at Kennesaw State University, Georgia, USA and the Ben M'sik Community Museum, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco. Drawing on interviews conducted with the AAM managers and project participants, as well as relevant literature, the discussion considers the more important mechanisms of American museum missions and practices as means of achieving American foreign‐policy objectives.
Interactive effects of source and recipient habitats on plant invasions: distribution of exotic species in Chile
Authors: Casado Miguel A. , Acosta‐Gallo Belén , Sánchez‐Jardón Laura , Martín‐Forés Irene , Castro Isabel , Ovalle Carlos , del Pozo Alejandro , de Miguel José M.
Published: March 2015

Aim

Most studies on invasibility consider the characteristics of the habitats colonized. However, the success of the establishment of exotic species can be conditioned by the characteristics of the donor communities. In this study, we analyse the extent to which the distribution of exotic herbaceous species in Chile is conditioned either by the climatic characteristics of the recipient area or by the environmental features of the source areas on the Iberian Peninsula.

Location

Chile and the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain).

Methods

For Chile, we characterized the exotic species according to their current Chilean distribution and their region of origin. For the Iberian Peninsula, we compiled the floristic composition of 11,702 relevés. We classified each relevé according to key habitat characteristics (bioclimate, soil nutrient status and type of community associated with human activities) and calculated the percentage of species in common with Chile in different climatic regions therein.

Results

Over half of Chile's exotic species exhibited a geographic distribution related to the climate of the recipient area. The main donor communities were those associated with ruderal and arable land habitats, although their importance depended upon the climate in the recipient area. Correspondence was observed between the climatic characteristics of the communities in the source area and those of the recipient areas.

Main conclusions

The results highlight the influence of the characteristics of habitats in the source area on the successful establishment of exotic species in Chile. The relationships between source and recipient area are scale dependent, climate constituting the main driver at broad scale. Within each climatic region, the communities associated with habitats presenting greater anthropic influence act as the main donors. Both features indicate the existence of filters that select species pre‐adapted to the climatic and habitat conditions in the recipient area.
Early predictors of outcome in infants treated with hypothermia for hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Merchant Nazakat , Azzopardi Denis
Published: March 2015

Hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of acquired neonatal brain injury. Assessment of the severity of cerebral injury and likely neurological outcome in infants with HIE is important for determining management and prognosis, for counselling parents, and for selection for neuroprotective trials. The condition of the infant at birth, the severity of HIE, neurophysiological tests, including amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), biochemical markers, and neuroimaging have been used to assess prognosis and predict long‐term outcome. The predictive accuracy of these indicators in the early postnatal period is modest. Neurophysiological assessment seems to be most helpful during the first 24 to 48 hours after birth whilst magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) seems most informative later. Several biochemical markers, including serum S100β and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), are also associated with HIE but their levels depend on the timing of sampling and their prognostic value is uncertain. Comprehensive neurophysiological assessment and neuroimaging may be limited to specialist centres. Therapeutic hypothermia is now standard care in infants with moderate to severe HIE so it is important to examine the influence of hypothermia on the assessment of prognosis in these infants.
The long‐term health, social, and financial burden of hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Eunson Paul
Published: March 2015

Infants who suffer hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) at term are at risk of dying or developing severe cerebral palsy (CP). Children with severe CP often have other neurodevelopmental disabilities, which may affect their quality of life as much as the CP itself. New treatments for HIE, such as cooling, may improve motor outcomes, but affected infants may still have significant cognitive or communication problems. Infants who have experienced HIE and develop CP will require significant medical input throughout childhood and adult life. The costs of this medical input are high, but the indirect costs to the child, his or her family, and the relevant social services and education systems are many times greater. When demonstrating the cost‐effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing or treating HIE, these additional costs should be taken into account.
Hypoglycaemia and hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Boardman James P , Hawdon Jane M
Published: March 2015

The transition from fetal to neonatal life requires metabolic adaptation to ensure that energy supply to vital organs and systems is maintained after separation from the placental circulation. Under normal conditions, this is achieved through the mobilization and use of alternative cerebral fuels (fatty acids, ketone bodies, and lactate) when blood glucose concentration falls. Severe hypoxia–ischaemia is associated with impaired metabolic adaptation, and animal and human data suggest that levels of hypoglycaemia that are tolerated under normal conditions can be harmful in association with hypoxia–ischaemia. The optimal target blood glucose level for ensuring adequate energy provision in hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains unknown. However, recent data support guidance to maintain a blood glucose concentration of 2.5mmol/L or more in neonates with signs of acute neurological dysfunction, which includes those with HIE, and this is higher than the accepted threshold of 2mmol/L in infants without signs of neurological dysfunction or hyperinsulinism.
Fever during pregnancy and motor development in children: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Holst Charlotte , Jørgensen Sanne Ellegaard , Wohlfahrt Jan , Nybo Andersen Anne‐Marie , Melbye Mads
Published: March 2015

Aim

The aim of this study was to examine how fever during pregnancy is associated with motor development in the child.

Method

This cohort study was based on data from females and their children, from the Danish National Birth Cohort, who took part in an 18‐month and/or 7‐year follow‐up study. Information regarding fever (number of episodes, temperature, duration, and pregnancy week) was obtained around gestation week 12 and at the end of pregnancy. Assessments of motor development in early childhood were based on the ages at which the motor milestones ‘sitting unsupported’ (n=44 256) and ‘walking unassisted’ (n=53 959) were attained. The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ’07) was used to identify children with indication of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) at age 7 years (n=29 401). Any associations between the exposure to fever during pregnancy and motor development were estimated using Cox regression and logistic regression analyses.

Results

Fever during pregnancy was reported by 15 234 (28.0%) participants in the 18‐month follow‐up and by 7965 (26.9%) participants in the 7‐year follow‐up. Adjusted analyses showed no association between prenatal exposure to fever and either ‘sitting unsupported’ or ‘walking unassisted’. The proportion of children with indication of DCD was 3.1%. The odds ratio of indication of DCD if children were exposed to fever in utero was 1.29 (95% CI 1.12–1.49). However, no dose‐response association was found.

Interpretation

We found a significant association between maternal fever during pregnancy and DCD in children at age 7 years. The lack of a dose–response association might suggest that this association is explained by the underlying causes of the fever.
Invasive submerged freshwater macrophytes are more plastic in their response to light intensity than to the availability of free CO2 in air‐equilibrated water
Authors: Eller Franziska , Alnoee Anette B. , Boderskov Teis , Guo Wen‐Yong , Kamp Anne T. , Sorrell Brian Keith , Brix Hans
Published: March 2015

The future increase in the atmospheric CO2 concentration is likely to affect the growth and performance of submerged freshwater macrophytes because of higher concentrations of free CO2 in the water at air equilibrium. We measured the plastic responses to free CO2 and light for several traits of four invasive aquatic plants (Elodea canadensis, Egeria densa, Hydrilla verticillata and Ceratophyllum demersum) that use bicarbonate.

The plants were grown in standard culture media at either high (HiC, c. 50 μmol L−1) or low concentrations of free CO2 (LowC, c. 19 μmol L−1) combined with high (HiL, c. 150 μmol m−2 s−1) or low (LowL, c. 21 μmol m−2 s−1) light intensity in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. We compared the relative growth rate (RGR), several morphological traits, the photosynthetic response to light intensity and the bicarbonate uptake capacity of the four species. For every trait measured, we established plasticity indices for light and CO2 availability.

Light intensity had a greater effect than CO2 concentration on all species. The RGR of all four species was higher at high light intensity, and photosynthetic light responses acclimated to low light with a lower light compensation point, and with higher concentrations of photosynthetic pigments and quantum yield. The bicarbonate uptake capacity was generally highest at the high light intensity and high concentrations of free CO2. Plasticity indices for light intensity were consistently higher than for CO2 availability in all four species.

As the growth and photosynthesis of the four invasive bicarbonate users were only slightly affected by the CO2 availability in air‐equilibrated water, the future rise in atmospheric CO2 is unlikely to exacerbate their invasive behaviour and may even reduce their competitiveness against species unable to use bicarbonate, especially at limiting light.
Preparation and Application of Strong Near‐Infrared Emission Phosphor Sr3SiO5:Ce3+,Al3+,Nd3+
Authors: Chen Jiajun , Liu Jie , Yao Hui , Li Xiaoqing , Yao Zhiling , Yue Huili , Yu Xibin
Published: March 2015

This work investigated the near‐infrared (NIR) emission properties of mCe3+, xNd3+ codoped Sr3−m−x(Si1−m−xAlm+x)O5 phosphors. Samples with various doping concentrations were synthesized by the high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. Al3+ ions have the ability to promote Ce3+ ions to enter into the Sr2+ sites and to improve the visible emission of Ce3+. Thus the NIR emission of Nd3+ is enhanced by the energy‐transfer process, which occurred from Ce3+ to Nd3+. The device based on these NIR emission phosphors is fabricated and combined with a commercial c‐Si solar cell for performance testing. Short‐circuit current density of the solar cell is increased by 7.7%. Results of this work suggest that the Sr2.95Si0.95Al0.05O5:0.025Ce3+, 0.025Nd3+ phosphors can be used as spectral convertors to improve the efficiency of c‐Si solar cell.
Preparation of Micro‐/Mesoporous SiOC Bulk Ceramics
Authors: Li Jiake , Lu Kathy , Lin Tiesong , Shen Fengyu
Published: March 2015

Micro‐/mesoporous SiOC bulk ceramics with high surface area and bimodal pore size distribution were prepared by pyrolysis of polysiloxane in argon atmosphere at 1100°C–1400°C followed by etching in hydrofluoric acid solution. Their thermal behaviors, phase compositions, and microstructures at different nano‐SiO2 filler contents and pyrolysis temperatures were investigated by XRD, SEM, DSC, and BET. The SiO2 fillers and SiO2‐rich clusters in the SiOC matrix act as pore‐forming sites and can be etched away by HF. At the same time, the SiO2 filler promotes SiOC phase separation during the pyrolysis. The filler content and pyrolysis temperature have important effects on phase compositions and microstructures of porous SiOC ceramics. The resulting porous SiOC bulk ceramic has a maximum specific surface area of 822.7 m2/g and an average pore size of 2.61 nm, and consists of free carbon, silicon carbide, and silicon oxycarbide phases.
Voting Procedures and Parliamentary Representation in the European Parliament
Authors: Trumm Siim
Published: March 2015

Parliamentary representation is a fluid concept. Yet, while the behaviour of elected representatives during roll call votes has been widely analyzed, we know little about how parliamentarians act when their individual voting choices are not made public. This paper explores the relationship between voting procedures and the likelihood that Members of the European Parliament prioritize the interests of their EP party group versus the interests of their national party. Using an original survey, I find that MEPs are more likely to prioritize the interests of their national party over those of their EP party group when voting by show of hands or electronically, as opposed to by roll call. Moreover, this voting procedure effect is particularly salient among MEPs elected from 2004/07 accession countries.
Relationship between European eelAnguilla anguillainfection with non‐native parasites and swimming behaviour on encountering accelerating flow
Authors: Newbold L. R. , Hockley F. A. , Williams C. F. , Cable J. , Reading A. J. , Auchterlonie N. , Kemp P. S.
Published: March 2015

The effect ofAnguillicola crassus,Pseudodactylogyrus biniandPseudodactylogyrus anguillaeinfection on the behaviour of downstream migrating adult European eelsAnguilla anguillaas they encountered accelerating water velocity, common at engineered structures where flow is constricted (e.g. weirs and bypass systems), was evaluated in an experimental flume. The probability of reacting to, and rejecting, the velocity gradient was positively related toA. crassuslarval, adult and total abundance. High abundance ofPseudodactylogyrusspp. reduced this effect, butA. crassuswas the strongest parasitic factor associated with fish behaviour, and abundance was positively related to delay in downstream passage. Delayed downstream migration at hydraulic gradients associated with riverine anthropogenic structures could result in additional energetic expenditure for migratingA. anguillaalready challenged byA. crassusinfection.
Changes in serum alpha fetoprotein in patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma following hepatectomy
Authors: Liu Guanghua , Wang Kui , Li Jun , Xia Yong , Lu Lihua , Wan Xuying , Yan Zhenlin , Shi Lehua , Lau Wan Yee , Wu Mengchao , Shen Feng
Published: March 2015

Background and Aim

To study the change in serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) of patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection and to analyze its effect on the survival.

Methods

We prospectively collected 981 consecutive patients with post‐resectional recurrent HCC between 2005 and 2010 at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital. According to the change of AFP from the initial stage to recurrent stage, the patients were divided into stable‐L (20 ng/mL to 20 ng/mL, n = 296), stable‐M (20–400 ng/mL to 20–400 ng/mL, n = 102), stable‐H (400 ng/mL to 400 ng/mL, n = 212), decreasing (n = 287), and increasing (n = 84) groups. The overall survival (OS) and recurrence to death survival (RTDS) were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed by Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

The stable‐H/increasing and stable‐L/decreasing groups had the lowest and highest 5‐year OS and RTDS rates (10.8%/18.8% vs 56.3%/55.0%; 3.4%/5.1% vs 37.7%/33.2%; both P < 0.001), while the stable‐M group had the lower rates, which were 29.8% and 23.6% (for OS and RTDS: vs stable‐L, P < 0.001 and 0.002; vs deceasing, P = 0.001 and 0.012; vs increasing, P = 0.113 and 0.011; vs stable‐H, both P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that AFP inconsistency was an independent factor affecting RTDS (decreasing vs stable‐L, hazard ratio: 1.10, 95% confidence interval: 0.79–1.54, P = 0.575; increasing vs stable‐L, 2.93, 2.06–4.16, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The AFP inconsistency was an important prognostic factor for recurrent HCC.
The Gap Between Couple Therapy Research Efficacy and Practice Effectiveness
Authors: Halford W. Kim , Pepping Christopher A. , Petch Jemima
Published: March 2015

Meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials of couple therapy find large improvements in couple adjustment, but published evaluations of the effectiveness of couple therapy in routine practice find only small‐to‐moderate effects. The current study analyzes possible explanations for the research‐efficacy to practice‐effectiveness gap and offers suggestions for enhancing couple therapy effectiveness. Major recommendations are that therapists should clarify whether couples’ therapy goal is to clarify commitment to the relationship or to improve the relationship; use standardized assessment of the individual partners and the relationship; and use systematic monitoring of therapy progress and the therapeutic alliance. It is also possible that the greater use of evidence‐based therapies when treating couple relationship distress could enhance couple therapy outcome.
Examining Self‐Care Behaviors and Their Associated Factors Among Adolescent Girls With Dysmenorrhea: An Application of Orem's Self‐Care Deficit Nursing Theory
Authors: Wong Cho Lee , Ip Wan Yim , Choi Kai Chow , Lam Lai Wah
Published: March 2015

Purpose

To test a hypothesized model that examines the relationship between selected basic conditioning factors, self‐care agency, and self‐care behaviors among adolescent girls with dysmenorrhea using Orem's self‐care deficit nursing theory as a framework.

Design

This was a predictive correlational study conducted with a total of 531 secondary school girls.

Methods

Self‐care agency, self‐care behaviors, and 11 variables that have been theoretically or empirically justified in previous studies as relevant to basic conditioning factors were selected and collected by means of structured questionnaires. Path analyses were performed to test the hypothesized linkages among variables.

Findings

Path analysis revealed that age and received menstrual education had both direct and indirect effects through self‐care agency on self‐care behaviors. Mother's and father's educational level, pain intensity, and self‐medication used when experiencing dysmenorrhea only affected the self‐care behaviors directly.

Conclusions

This is the first study that provided information about the relationship between basic conditioning factors, self‐care agency, and self‐care behaviors among adolescent girls with dysmenorrhea. Knowledge of the factors influencing self‐care behaviors in these adolescent girls will assist healthcare professionals in developing effective interventions to promote self‐care and ameliorate the adverse impact of this condition.

Clinical Relevance

Interventional strategies that aim at promoting self‐care behaviors among adolescent girls with dysmenorrhea should strengthen girls’ self‐care agency and should target those with a younger age, higher pain intensity, mother with a higher educational level, father with a lower educational level, and those who do not take self‐medication for dysmenorrhea.
Language shift in Gammalsvenskby: A nexus analysis of the shift to Ukrainian in a traditionally Swedish‐speaking community
Authors: Forsman Ludvig
Published: March 2015

This article examines the collective language shift from Swedish to Ukrainian in the Swedish‐ethnic community of Gammalsvenskby, Ukraine. The Gammalsvenskby language shift is used to argue that language shift is such a complex social practice that it cannot be satisfactorily explained by the use of preconceived, deductive analytical frameworks. The argument is probed through a study of selected themes in the life story interviews of 16 last‐generation Swedish‐speakers, making use of the framework of nexus analysis. The study shows that the different kinds of discourses involved in the Gammalsvenskby language shift have resulted in a complex network of interrelated processes of change on various levels. These processes are so intertwined and have had such different scalar effects, that they cannot be simply grouped as factors which are classed as either micro or macro.
Assessment of free light chains in HCV‐positive patients with mixed cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis undergoing rituximab treatment
Authors: Basile Umberto , Gragnani Laura , Piluso Alessia , Gulli Francesca , Urraro Teresa , Dell'Abate Maria T. , Torti Eleonora , Stasi Cristina , Monti Monica , Rapaccini Gian Ludovico , Zignego Anna Linda
Published: March 2015

Background & Aims

Mixed cryoglobulinaemia (MC) is an HCV‐related lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the presence of circulating immune complexes called cryoglobulins. Treatment with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab is proved to be very useful, especially in patients ineligible to interferon‐based antiviral therapy. Recently, free light chain (FLC) κ/λ ratio and FLC patterns were associated with MC. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in FLC‐κ, FCL‐λ, FLC ratio following rituximab treatment in patients with HCV‐related MC and to correlate FLC‐κ, FCL‐λ and FLC ratio values with therapy response.

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 46 patients with HCV infection (26 females, 20 males), including 10 patients without signs/symptoms of MC‐related vasculitis, 36 with MC vasculitis. Clinical and biological data were recorded at baseline and 6 months after RTX treatment. Nephelometric measurement of serum FLCs was taken.

Results

The mean serum FLC‐κ level and FLC ratio were significantly higher in patients with MC, compared to HCV patients without MC and to blood donors. An abnormal FLC ratio at baseline correlated with the presence of cryoglobulins, C4 consumption, higher RF level and higher vasculitis rate. To evaluate the predictive value of FLCs, patients with MC were divided into two groups according to RTX therapy outcome (responders and no/partial responders). Abnormal baseline FLC ratio was significantly associated with no/partial response.

Conclusions

RTX treatment in HCV‐related MC induces a reduction in FLC‐κ and RF levels. Moreover, pretreatment FLC ratio, which can be easily assessed by a routine test, may be useful to predict response to this expensive treatment for patients with HCV‐related MC ineligible to IFN‐based therapy.
In/dependent Collaborations: Perceptions and Experiences of African Scientists in Transnational HIV Research
Authors: Moyi Okwaro Ferdinand , Geissler P. W.
Published: March 2015

This article examines collaboration in transnational medical research from the viewpoint of African scientists working in partnerships with northern counterparts. It draws on ethnographic fieldwork in an HIV laboratory of an East African state university, with additional data from interviews with scientists working in related research institutions. Collaboration is today the preferred framework for the mechanisms by which northern institutions support research in the south. The concept signals a shift away from the legacy of unequal (post‐) colonial power relations, although, amid persisting inequalities, the rhetorical emphasis on equality might actually hinder critical engagement with conflicts of interest and injustice. To collaborate, African scientists engage various strategies: They establish a qualified but flexible, non‐permanent workforce, diversify collaborators and research areas, source complementary funding to assemble infrastructures, and maintain prospective research populations to attract transnational clinical trials. Through this labor of collaboration, they sustain their institutions under prevailing conditions of scarcity.
Statistical aspects of psychiatric inpatient care in Japan: Based on a comprehensive nationwide survey of psychiatric hospitals conducted from 1996 to 2012
Authors: Tachimori Hisateru , Takeshima Tadashi , Kono Toshiaki , Akazawa Masato , Zhao Xianghua
Published: March 2015

The aim of this review is to clarify the state of psychiatric admissions and discharges in Japan using statistical data collected from 1996 to 2012. We performed a secondary analysis of nationwide data on psychiatric hospitals, which are collected yearly by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The latest national figures for indices defined in the ‘Reform Vision of Mental Health and Welfare’ (originally released in 2004) were 70.9% for ‘discharge rate for newly admitted patients’ and 23.3% for ‘discharge rate for long‐term patients’, which have target rates of ≥76% and ≥29%, respectively. The national discharge rate for newly admitted patients was roughly on the increase, but appeared to reach a plateau in recent years. [Correction added on 17 July 2015, after first online publication: 'on the decline' has been corrected to 'on the increase' in the sentence above.] The national discharge rate for long‐term patients was higher in 2012 than in 1999 and appeared to increase throughout the 2000s, although not enough to reach the target. Some improvements in the discharge rate for newly admitted patients indicated some progress in mental health reform, although problems should continue to be addressed in order to reach the targets. As for discharge rates of long‐term admissions in local communities, some problems still remain to be solved in order to achieve the goals of the reform vision.
Reducing Health Risk Factors in Workplaces of Low and Middle‐Income Countries
Authors: Anthony Denis , Dyson Pamela A. , Lv Jun , Thankappan Kavumpurathu R. , Fernández Maria Teresa , Matthews David R.
Published: March 2015

Objective

To reduce risk factors in workplace settings in low‐ and middle‐income countries.

Design and Sample

Workplace interventions were utilized as part of the Community Interventions for Health program, a nonrandomized, controlled study undertaken in three communities in China, India, and Mexico. Exactly, 45 industrial, 82 health and 101 school workplace settings with a target population of 15,726. Two independent cross‐sectional surveys of workers were conducted at baseline and follow‐up, after 18–24 months of intervention activities.

Measures

Culturally appropriate interventions to reduce tobacco use, increase physical activity, and improve dietary intake were delivered in the intervention areas.

Results

Exactly, 12,136 adults completed surveys at baseline, and 9,786 at follow‐up. In the intervention group, the prevalence of tobacco use reduced significantly in men (−6.0%, p < .001) and the proportion eating five portions of fruit and vegetables daily increased (+6.9%, p < .001) compared with the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups for changes in physical activity or prevalence of overweight.

Conclusions

Workplace interventions improved risk factors in China, India, and Mexico.
A Conceptual Model to Promote the Retention of Women with Physical Disabilities in Research
Authors: Mood Laura , Hassouneh Dena , McNeff Elizabeth
Published: March 2015

Inadequate participant recruitment and retention practices can affect sample representativeness and thus the generalizability of research findings. Retention of research participants has been examined within the literature to some extent; however, there is no consensus on best practice in achieving acceptable results. Furthermore, there is a gap in understanding how to engage and retain women with physical disabilities (WPDs) in research. To address these oversights, we review (1) the significance of retention as a methodological concern, (2) factors that influence the involvement and retention of participants in research, including individual, population, and health‐illness considerations, and (3) particular circumstances impacting the inclusion and retention of WPDs in research. On the basis of a review of the literature and our experience with the Healing Pathways randomized controlled trial (RCT), we present a conceptual model to guide culturally sensitive health research implementation with WPDs, and promote the engagement and retention of this group in RCTs and other forms of interventional health research.
Intraductal papillomas on core biopsy can be upgraded to malignancy on subsequent excisional biopsy regardless of the presence of atypical features
Authors: Shiino Sho , Tsuda Hitoshi , Yoshida Masayuki , Jimbo Kenjiro , Asaga Sota , Hojo Takashi , Kinoshita Takayuki
Published: March 2015

Intraductal papillary lesions of the breast constitute a heterogeneous entity, including benign intraductal papilloma (IDP) with or without atypia and malignant papillary carcinoma. Differentiating between these diagnoses can be challenging. We re‐evaluated core biopsy specimens that were diagnosed as IDP and the corresponding surgical excision specimens, and assessed the potential risk for the diagnosis to be modified to malignancy based on excision. By sorting the pathology database of the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, we identified 146 core biopsy cases that were histologically diagnosed as IDP between 1997 and 2013. The re‐evaluated diagnosis was IDP without atypia in 79 (54%) patients, IDP with atypia in 66 (45%), and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in 1 (1%). Among the 34 patients (23%) who underwent surgical excision subsequent to core biopsy, histological diagnosis was upgraded to carcinoma, excluding lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), in 14 (41%) cases, including 4 (33%) of 12 IDPs without atypia and 10 (45%) of 22 IDPs with atypia. Complete surgical excision should be kept in mind for all IDPs diagnosed on core biopsy, not only IDPs with atypia but IDPs without atypia, especially when clinical or imaging diagnosis findings cannot rule out the possibility of malignancy, because papillary lesions comprise a variety of morphological appearances.
Irisin, a newly discovered myokine, is a novel biomarker associated with physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ijiri Naoki , Kanazawa Hiroshi , Asai Kazuhisa , Watanabe Tetsuya , Hirata Kazuto
Published: March 2015

Background and objective

Irisin is a recently identified hormone secreted by skeletal myocytes, which has been proposed to mediate the beneficial effects of exercise. Physical activity has been emphasized as one of the principal targets of the treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study was designed to evaluate the possibility of using serum irisin level as a novel biomarker associated with physical activity in patients with COPD.

Methods

We measured the serum irisin level in 72 COPD patients and 27 control subjects, and investigated its correlation to pulmonary function parameters, exercise capacity and physical activity level. In addition, we analysed the effects of acute and chronic exercise on serum irisin level.

Results

Fat‐free mass index was not significantly different between the two study groups. However, lower serum irisin level was observed in COPD patients than in the control subjects (COPD patients: median (interquartile range) 31.6 (22.7–40.4) ng/mL; control subjects: 50.7 (39.3–65.8) ng/mL; P < 0.001). The serum irisin level did not significantly correlate with any pulmonary function parameters and 6‐min walk distance. However, serum irisin level was associated with the physical activity level in all subjects. In COPD patients, acute exercise did not affect serum irisin level, but an 8‐week exercise training was linked to the significant increase in its level.

Conclusions

Circulating irisin could be used to evaluate physical activity in COPD patients and increased after an 8‐week exercise training. Serum irisin level may prove to be a valuable biomarker in clinical follow up of COPD.
Protective Profile Involving CD23/IgE‐mediated NO Release is a Hallmark of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients from the Xakriabá Indigenous Community in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Carvalho‐Gontijo R. , Peruhype‐Magalhães V. , Costa‐Silva M. F. , Martins‐Filho O. A. , Quaresma P. F. , Freire J. de Moura , Moreno E. de Castro , Teixeira‐Carvalho A. , Gontijo C. M. Ferreira
Published: March 2015

In this study, we described, for the first time, specific aspects of an anti‐Leishmania immune response in a Brazilian Xakriabá indigenous community. Induction of an intracellular NO pathway, triggered by the binding of IgE to CD23 receptor in IFN‐γ/IL‐4 cytokines environment, was evaluated in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) carriers and positive Montenegro skin test (MST) individuals without skin lesion (MT+SL−). Our data demonstrated that the higher frequency of CD23+CD14+ monocytes and the increased serum levels of IgE observed in the LCL group were even higher in LCL carriers with late lesions (LCL≥60). Furthermore, patients with LCL presented increased NO production after Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis stimulation and this NO profile was independent of the time of the lesion (recent LCL<60 or late LCL≥60). We also showed that the increased frequency of IFN‐γ+ and IL‐4+CD4+ T cells is related to the MT+SL− group. The results of biomarker signature curves demonstrated that in the MT+SL− group, the index signature was characterized by DAF‐2T+CD14+/IL‐4+CD8+/IFN‐γ+CD4+/IL‐4+CD4+. On the other hand, the LCL group presented a higher index of DAF‐2T+CD14+/CD23+CD14+/IL‐4+ CD8+, associated with a lower index of IFN‐γ+CD8+. Considering the time of lesion, data analysis demonstrated that the main differences observed were highlighted in LCL<60 patients, with a higher index of CD23+CD14+, which was also present in LCL≥60 patients. In conclusion, our data suggest that the protective immune response involving CD23‐IgE‐mediated NO release is a hallmark of patients with LCL. However, in MT+SL− individuals, another different leishmanicidal mechanism seems to be involved.
Validation of a new imaging device for telemedical ulcer monitoring
Authors: Rasmussen B. S. B. , Froekjaer J. , Joergensen L. B. , Halekoh U. , Yderstraede K. B.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

To clarify whether a new portable imaging device (PID) providing 3D images for telemedical use constitutes a more correct expression of the clinical situation compared to standard telemedical equipment in this case iPhone 4s.

Method

We investigated intra‐ and interindividual variability between the new portable camera and the iPhone images vs. clinical assessment as the ‘gold standard’. The study included 36 foot ulcers. Four specialists rated the ulcers and filled out a questionnaire, which formed the basis of the evaluation.

Results

We found fair to very good intra‐rater agreement for the new PID and iPhone, respectively. The gold standard was evaluated by assessing the ulcer twice by two different specialists. Kappa values were moderate to very good with respect to inter‐rater agreement except for two variables. The agreement between standard and new equipment compared to the gold standard showed highest agreement with the new PID.

Conclusion

The new PID is more in accordance with the clinical assessment compared to standard images. It opens for the possibility of using more advanced techniques in a telemedical approach to ulcer treatment and care, including volume measurements.
Facilitation of blood donation amongst haemochromatosis patients
Authors: Marrow B. , Clarkson J. , Chapman C. E. , Masson S.
Published: March 2015

Background/Objective

The standard medical therapy for haemochromatosis is iron removal by regular phlebotomy. Current guidelines suggest that this blood should be made available through national blood services. Here, we describe a pilot facilitating the process of blood donation amongst uncomplicated haemochromatosis patients.

Methods/Materials

At a dedicated clinic, patients with uncomplicated haemochromatosis interested in becoming blood donors were offered an information leaflet and self‐referral application. Upon receipt, members of the local Blood Service contacted them to confirm eligibility to donate. Data on demographics and clinical characteristics, including HFE (high Fe) genotype, co‐morbidities, alcohol consumption and body mass index, were collected.

Results

Since establishing the clinic, 140 patients have attended (93 male) with median age 57. Most (n = 125; 89%) had uncomplicated haemochromatosis. Of these, 55 were potentially eligible blood donors. Amongst those eligible, there are now 29 regular blood donors, including 23 new.

Conclusion

There is an interest and willingness to donate blood through the Blood Service amongst uncomplicated haemochromatosis patients undergoing therapeutic phlebotomy. Since the introduction of this facilitation process, we have significantly increased the number of regular donors amongst this cohort. If this process was to be replicated more widely across the UK, this could have a significant impact on the blood donor pool.
Improving the ability to eliminate wounds and pressure ulcers
Authors: Kuffler Damien P.
Published: March 2015

Pressure ulcers can be initiated by as little as 2 hours of constant pressure on the ski, that blocks blood circulation causing the skin and underlying tissues to die, leading to an open wound that never heals, but continues to grow in diameter and depth, and frequently jeopardizes patients’ lives. Despite the application of many diverse techniques, pressure ulcers remain exceptionally difficult to heal because many ulcer elimination techniques have minimal effects, and although other techniques may appear to be effective, the evidence supporting their efficacy is weak. However, increasing evidence indicates that other techniques, such as the application of platelet‐rich plasma, vacuum assisted closure, electrical stimulation, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy are effective and should be substituted for the older techniques. This review describes different standard and novel techniques that have been tested for eliminating pressure ulcers and discusses the relative efficacy of these techniques.
Vibration inhibits deterioration in rat deep‐tissue injury through HIF1–MMP axis
Authors: Sari Yunita , Sanada Hiromi , Minematsu Takeo , Nakagami Gojiro , Nagase Takashi , Huang Lijuan , Noguchi Hiroshi , Mori Taketoshi , Yoshimura Kotaro , Sugama Junko
Published: March 2015

Deep‐tissue injury (DTI) is a unique type of pressure ulcer (PU) in which deep‐tissue damage expands outwards to the superficial skin. DTI progresses rapidly into a severe PU, despite initially appearing as only a bruise or darkened tissue in the superficial skin. Although some DTI detection methods are available, there is currently no strategy for treating deteriorating DTI. This study investigated the efficacy of vibration therapy for preventing DTI deterioration through down‐regulation of the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) axis in rats. We prepared a conventional PU rat model (PU group) and a DTI deterioration rat model (DTI group). The DTI group was further divided into two groups subjected to vibration and control treatments, respectively. Macroscopic and histological features, hypoxia, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and MMP2 and MMP9 activities in compressed skin were analyzed. Hypoxia, oxidative stress, and MMP activity were enhanced in the DTI group compared with the PU group. Vibration remarkably inhibited DTI deterioration, hypoxia, and the expression/activities of MMP2 and MMP9. These results suggest that vibration therapy can effectively attenuate deterioration of DTI. This report provides the first evidence for a therapeutic treatment for deteriorating DTI.
The Effect of Alternative Turbine Cooling Schemes on the Performance of Utility Gas Turbine Powerplants
Authors: Cohn Arthur , Waters Mark
Published: March 2015

It is important that the requirements and cycle penalties related to the cooling of high temperature turbines be thoroughly understood and accurately factored into cycle analyses and power plant systems studies.

Various methods used for the cooling of high temperature gas turbines are considered and cooling effectiveness curves established for each. These methods include convection, film and transpiration cooling using compressor bleed and/or discharge air. In addition, the effects of chilling the compressor discharge cooling gas are considered.

Performance is developed to demonstrate the impact of the turbine cooling schemes on the heat rate and specific power of Combined–Cycle power plants.
The Navy Mobility Fuels Data Center
Authors: Gubiotti Ross A. , Hazard Herbert R. , Hershner Carlton
Published: March 2015

The Navy Mobility Fuels Reference File is a computer searchable library of technical literature dealing with properties of synthetic and petroleum fuels and their effects on gas turbines, diesel engines, steam boilers, and fuel systems. It contains over 1800 technical reports, papers, and articles relating some aspect of fuel composition to some aspect of engine performance or operation. The system is available to qualified users through remote terminal devices compatible with Battelle’s CDC computer.
Catalytic Combustion With Steam Injection
Authors: Anderson David N. , Tacina Robert R.
Published: March 2015

This report describes an experimental study to determine: (1) if catalytic combustion performance is degraded when steam is injected into the air-stream, and (2) if steam-assisted fuel injection might eliminate the upstream burning problems which have occurred in past studies of catalytic combustion of residual fuels.