bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redes Virtuais Seguras: Uma Nova Abordagem de Mapeamento para Proteger contra Ataques de Disrupção na Rede Física
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo R. , Bays Leonardo R. , Marcon Daniel S. , Neves Miguel C. , Buriol Luciana S. , Gaspary Luciano P. , Barcellos Marinho P.
Published: August 2022

Na virtualização de redes, roteadores e enlaces virtuais são alocados sobre uma infraestrutura de rede física. Tal característica representa uma vulnerabilidade a ataques de negação de serviço na rede física, visto que umúnico dispositivo físico comprometido afeta todos os virtuais sobrepostos. Trabalhos anteriores propõem a reserva de recursos sobressalentes. Apesar de funcional, esse tipo de solução agrega custo ao provedor da rede física. Neste artigo, propõe-se uma abordagem para alocação de redes virtuais que explora o compromisso entre a resiliência a ataques e a eficiência na utilização de recursos. A abordagem é separada em duas estratégias, uma preventiva e uma reativa. A primeira aloca enlaces virtuais em múltiplos caminhos do substrato, enquanto a segunda tenta recuperar a capacidade dos enlaces virtuais afetada por um ataque de negação de serviço subjacente. Ambas as estratégias são formuladas como problemas de otimização. Resultados numéricos demonstram o nível de resiliência a ataques propiciado pela abordagem e o baixo custo decorrente da mesma.
Uma Avaliação do Uso das Placas Gráficas no Ensino da Programação Paralela nos Cursos de Computação no Brasil
Authors: Almeida Júnior Roberto Barbosa de , Araújo Josivaldo de Souza
Published: August 2022

O ensino de disciplinas de programação paralela com placas gráficas ainda representa um desafio no processo de ensino-aprendizagem nos cursos de graduação em Computação. Este trabalho apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada com 30 professores de diferentes instituições de ensino superior de todas as regiões do país, onde procura identificar e discutir os desafios enfrentados por docentes e discentes no uso das placas gráficas.
NADIA - Natural DeductIon proof Assistant
Authors: Vasconcelos Davi Romero de , Paula Robson Teixeira , Menezes Maria Viviane
Published: August 2022

A disciplina de Lógica para Computação faz parte da maioria dos cursos de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação. O sistema de Dedução Natural é amplamente utilizado para o ensino de demonstrações e este conteúdo consta em muitos dos livros-texto de Lógica. Este trabalho apresenta um assistente de provas, NADIA (Natural Deduction Proof Assistant), para o sistema de Dedução Natural em Lógica Proposicional, no estilo de Fitch (caixas), com a finalidade de auxiliar no ensino-aprendizagem de estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação. NADIA permite que os estudantes escrevam suas demonstrações de forma mais próxima possível das provas que realizam no papel. NADIA verifica automaticamente se a demonstração está correta e, caso contrário, exibe os erros encontrados. Para avaliar a experiência dos estudantes no uso do NADIA realizamos uma avaliação da ferramenta com alunos de cinco turmas da disciplina de Lógica para Computação que foram ofertadas em 2021.1 e 2021.2.
Uma Análise Preliminar dos Programas de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu nas Modalidades Tradicionais e Multicampi
Authors: Silva Cleverton A. D. , Lima José Vinícius V. , Filho Wladimir , Alencar Fernanda , Santos Wylliams
Published: August 2022

Estratégias são necessárias para expandir a presença de Programas de Pós-Graduação (PPG) fora da sede. Neste artigo apresenta-se um diagnóstico sobre as características e fatores decisórios para criação ou expansão de cursos Stricto Sensu em Computação. Dentre as possibilidades de expansão, existe a criação de um novo PPG, a educação a distância e o sistema multicampi de funcionamento. Em levantamento realizado, cinco PPG em Computação atuam em modo multicampi. Para isso, um survey foi aplicado com nove coordenadores e vice coordenadores de oito PPG da área. As análises quantitativas dos resultados demonstraram como esses PPG têm sido implantados, os benefícios observados e as adversidades durante a implantação.
Uma análise de acessibilidade: o Google Sala de Aula
Authors: Ramos Bárbara A. , Seixas Elaine Rangel , Seixas Flávio Luiz
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar se as ferramentas escolhidas pelas Universidades Federais são acessíveis, ou não, para pessoas com deficiência a partir de diretrizes e padrões internacionais, assim como recomendações do Governo Federal Brasileiro. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso incluindo um levantamento da dados de observação, aplicação de um questionário e entrevistas voltados para entender a vivência dos alunos com deficiência dentro do curso de Sistemas de Informação do Campus Niterói da UFF. Além disso, também foram realizadas análises automatizadas, usando ferramentas recomendadas pelo governo, e análise manual do Google Sala de Aula a fim de avaliar a acessibilidade desse sistema.
Um Mapeamento Sistemático da Literatura sobre o Ensino e Aprendizagem da Programação Paralela com o uso de Placas Gráficas
Authors: Almeida Jr. Roberto B. de , Farias Hádria de W. Santos , Araújo Josivaldo de S.
Published: August 2022

A programação paralela apesar de ser uma realidade nos grandes centros de pesquisa ainda apresenta um grande descompasso com relação ao ensino nos cursos de graduação em Computação. E essa diferença se apresenta ainda mais visível quando a programação paralela é apresentada com as placas gráficas, pois os desafios impostos ao ensino do pensamento paralelo se mostram ainda mais complexos. Este trabalho apresenta um mapeamento sistemático das metodologias e ferramentas utilizadas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da programação paralela com placas gráficas. As metodologias apontadas nos cinco estudos selecionados vão desde o ensino tradicional com aulas expositivas até o uso de didáticas sem o uso do computador.
deficiencia.org: Relato Sobre o Emprego de Ferramentas Computacionais Enquanto Tecnologias Assistivas no Ensino/Aprendizagem Para Pessoas com Deficiência Visual
Authors: Reis Louise Suelen Araújo , Silva Vânia Cordeiro da
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho apresenta um site desenvolvido por uma aluna cega do curso de ciência da computação. O site , uma iniciativa prática de compilação de conteúdos de interesse de outros alunos com algum tipo de deficiência, e também professores da área de ciências e tecnologias. Este nasceu baseado na própria experiência da primeira autora deste trabalho, e também, desenvolvedora do site, na não observância de conteúdos acessíveis sobre tecnologias e da própria área de exatas. Suas experiências de ensino e/ou aprendizagem são relatadas, e a solução criada é descrita. Acreditamos ser uma iniciativa inovadora, que incentivará outras pessoas com deficiência a buscarem formação na área de exatas, o que é muito pouco observado hoje.
De "Vale nota?" a "Jogo é prova!": raciocínio computacional e protagonismo docente como estímulo ao protagonismo discente no ensino de língua portuguesa
Authors: Silva Carla Adriana Ferreira da , Matos Ecivaldo de Souza , Zabot Diego , Tavares Gracielle Oliveira , Santos Juliana Maria Oliveira dos
Published: August 2022

Este artigo apresenta uma experiência de como práticas didáticas minuciosamente construídas com suporte das habilidades do Raciocínio Computacional (RC), e a construção de um jogo de tabuleiro utilizado para o ensino da Língua Portuguesa no 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública, podem contribuir para a ampliação do repertório metodológico docente, bem como os efeitos da intencionalidade pedagógica quanto ao uso do RC no protagonismo discente. Nos resultados iniciais observados dessa experiência, encontramos evidências de que a proposta didática possibilitou, na perspectiva docente, desenvolvimento e uso de habilidades diretas e transversais do RC, e de habilidades da BNCC.
Two Sons of Adam
Authors: Pregill Michael
Published: August 2022

The qurʾānic Cain and Abel narrative in Q Māʾidah 5, which features a wellknown ethical maxim about the value of human life, exhibits a conspicuous connection to a Jewish precursor. As has been observed since the time of Abraham Geiger, the coincidence of the narrative and the maxim in Mishnah tractate Sanhedrin and its parallels in classical rabbinic literature appears to demonstrate the Qurʾān’s direct dependence on a Jewish source. In this article, I will pursue a more nuanced approach to the relationship between Sūrat al-Māʾidah and rabbinic tradition. On the one hand, I will propose a new interpretation of the famous motif of the raven that Cain imitated in burying his brother, which has persistently—but incorrectly—been understood to be drawn from a midrashic precursor. On the other, I will show that Sūrat al-Māʾidah does not intersect with tractate Sanhedrin solely at the point of this individual tradition; rather, investigation of the larger context of both the qurʾānic passage and the apparent source of the Jewish maxim in the Mishnah indicates that the two are linked through a much larger web of intertwined textual allusions. This coincidence possibly has implications for our understanding of the circumstances of the sūrah’s revelation as well as of the Jewish presence in the Medinan milieu, especially on the basis of the Qurʾān’s legitimation of violence in response to the alleged Jewish crime of spreading corruption in the land (fasād fī ’l-arḍ).
Ismāʿīl, Dhū ’l-Kifl, and Idrīs
Authors: Raziq Iqbal Adbel
Published: August 2022

Several figures whom the Qurʾān names as Israelite prophets are also mentioned in Jewish and Christian scriptural literature, such as Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Aaron, David, Solomon, Zachariah, John, and Jesus. But some of these prophetic figures are shrouded in obscurity, such as Ismāʿīl, Dhū ’l-Kifl, and Idrīs. Ismāʿīl, for one, figures separately from Abraham in some Meccan verses, in contrast to Medinan verses that mention him alongside Abraham. As for Dhū ’l-Kifl and Idrīs, their names have no equivalent in the Hebrew Bible or the New Testament. The present study investigates the figures of Ismāʿīl, Dhū ’l-Kifl, and Idrīs. It proceeds in two stages. The first section investigates the identity of the three figures and their characteristics as reflected in the Qurʾān through a philological reading of the qurʾānic text and by examining the context in which these figures appear. I also compare the qurʾānic verses with passages from the Hebrew Bible. The second section examines how classical Muslim scholars interpreted Ismāʿīl, Dhū ’l-Kifl, and Idrīs, and how these figures were utilized in various contexts. This study offers a new understanding of the three figures and connects them with the biblical Samuel, Elijah, and Elisha. The study shows that this understanding accords with some classical Islamic exegetical opinions, whose echoes faded away in later books and sources. In the early phase the ʿulamāʾ were concerned to explain the reason for the separation of Ismāʿīl from Abraham in some verses of the Qurʾān and offered conflicting exegeses regarding the identity of Dhū ’l-Kifl. They agreed, however, that Idrīs was the Enoch of the Hebrew Bible.
EPS8L3 promotes pancreatic cancer proliferation and metastasis by activating GSK3B
Authors: Fan Zun , Li Ming , Xu Yinjie , Ge Chenxing , Gu Jianfeng
Published: August 2022

Background: We intended to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of EPS8L3 in increase the development of pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods: In order to analyze the relationship between EPS8L3 level and clinicopathological indicators of PC patients, qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of EPS8L3 in tumor specimens of 40 PC patients. EPS8L3 knockdown models were then constructed in PC cell lines. Furthermore, the effect of EPS8L3 on PC cell function was analyzed by CCK-8 and Transwell assay. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay and recovery assay were used to further investigate the underlying mechanism. Results: qRT-PCR results indicated that EPS8L3 was highly expressed in PC tissues compared with adjacent ones. At the same time, the incidence of distant metastasis was higher in PC patients with high EPS8L3 level. In vitro analysis such as CCK-8 and Transwell experimentations indicated that knockdown of EPS8L3 markedly inhibited the proliferative and metastatic ability. Bio-informatics together with luciferase report assay proposing that EPS8L3 can target GSK3B. Western Blot results revealed that knockdown of EPS8L3 markedly reduced the GSK3B expression in PC cells, and there was a positively associated between the two in PC cells. In addition, the recovery experimentation proved that EPS8L3 and GSK3B have a mutual regulation effect. Overexpression of GSK3B can reversal the prohibitive effect of EPS8L3 knockdown on the malignant development of PC cells, thereby jointly regulating the occurrence and development of PC. Conclusions: EPS8L3 promotes the development of PC by regulating GSK3B, suggesting that EPS8L3 can be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis and treatment of PC.
Legal reflections on the doctor-patient relationship in preparation for South Africa’s National Health Insurance
Authors: Slabbert M , Labuschaigne M
Published: August 2022

The doctor-patient relationship is the foundation of any medical intervention. Over time, the relationship has changed, from the era of paternalism to the era of self-determination or patient autonomy, following changes resulting from consumerism and lately, in South Africa, socialised medicine as a result of the proposed National Health Insurance (NHI). The premise of this article is that patient autonomy is invariably limited by a determination of who will carry the cost of a medical intervention. In recent years, legislative developments have affected the understanding of a patient and doctor through the introduction of new references, such as ‘user’, ‘data subject’ and ‘consumer’ for a patient, and ‘service provider’ and ‘responsible party’ for a doctor, each giving different meanings to the doctor-patient relationship. Recent statutory additions also include new remedies available to aggrieved patients as parties in the doctor-patient relationship. The article concludes with brief observations on how the NHI will alter the essence and nature of the doctor-patient relationship in future.
COVID-19 PANDEMIC HANDLING STRATEGIES BY THE BADUY TRIBE
Authors: Irmayanto Randi , Darmawan Ede Surya
Published: August 2022

The first case of COVID-19 in Indonesia was announced by the President on March 2, 2021. As of June 22, 2022, the cumulative number of confirmed positive cases in Indonesia is 6,072,918 cases, with 5,904,825 recoveries and 156,702 deaths. In response to this case, the government made a policy starting with Large-Scale Social Restrictions contained in Government Regulation Number 21 of 2020 until the Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities based on levels (4, 3, 2, and 1) set by the Ministry of Home Affairs. The government's strategy to deal with this is through the 5M health protocol (wearing masks, washing hands, maintaining distance, staying away from crowds, and reducing mobility), 3T (testing, tracing, treatment), and vaccinating. In this regard, an interesting condition occurs in the Baduy tribe in Kanekes Village, Lebak Regency, Banten. The Cisimeut Health Center which oversees the Kanekes Village area noted that so far there have been no reports of positive cases in the village. The results of the PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) and document review show that the combination of traditional strategies and modern strategies in accordance with government policies is carried out in the Baduy Tribe. The obedience of the Pu'un (Chief of the Tribe) to the government is an important factor in the success of this strategy.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COVID-19 RISK COMMUNICATION POLICY IN PANDEGLANG 2022
Authors: Salimah Nahda , Sulistiadi Wahyu
Published: August 2022

Currently, the world is experiencing a non-natural disaster, the COVID-19 pandemic. The Indonesian Government issued instructions for handling and controlling COVID-19 by implementing health protocols and vaccinations to reduce the rate of COVID-19 cases. The handling and control of COVID-19 are delivered by increasing public knowledge about COVID-19 through a risk communication approach. Pandeglang area, Banten, had the lowest dose one and two vaccination coverage rates in Banten Province in 2021. Implementing the risk communication policy needs to be considered in successfully handling and controlling COVID-19. This research is qualitative with case study type research. The method of collecting data is using in-depth interviews. In-depth interviews were conducted with four informants. The informants came from Pusdalops – PB BPBD Pandeglang Region, Health Promotion Division and Disease Prevention and Control Division, Pandeglang District Health Office. This study aims to analyze the implementation of risk communication policies carried out by BPBD and the Health Office in handling and controlling COVID-19 in the Pandeglang Region. The analysis results show that the risk communication policies' standards and targets are divided into clear communication action plans between BPBD and the Health Office. However, there was an obstacle in the availability of the program's budget. The budget was diverted for handling and controlling COVID-19 situations. In addition, the working period of the head of the organization is felt to be a barrier to inter-organizational relations because it takes time to adapt to re-coordinate with the new leader.
Spectral characteristics of low excited state of strontium monobromide molecule
Authors: Wu Dong-Lan , Guo Zi-Yi , Zhou Jun-Jie , Ruan Wen , Zeng Xue-Feng , Xie An-Dong ,   College of Mathematic and Physical, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China
Published: August 2022

The electronic structures and single point energy of 14 lowest electronic states of 88Sr79Br molecule are optimized by using the internal contraction multi-reference configuration interaction method and relativistic effective core pseudo-potential basis. Because 88Sr79Br molecule belongs to heavy element system, the single point energy must be corrected to obtain more accurate spectral parameters. Therefore, Davidson is introduced to correct the energy inconsistency, nuclear valence correlation is used to correct the electron correlation effect of inner shell and valence shell, and the relativistic scalar effect is corrected by calculating the third-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess Hamilton single electron integral. According to the single point energy calculated by the modified optimization, the potential energy curves, electric dipole moments, and transition dipole moments of 14 lowest electronic states are obtained. Using the latest LEVEL8.0 program to fit the modified potential energy curve, the spectral constants, molecular constants and vibration energy levels of 5 lowest bound states of 88Sr79Br molecule are given. In order to explain the changing trend of spectral constants of homologous compounds, the spectral parameters of each compound are compared and analyzed in this paper. At the same time, the vibration energy levels and molecular constants of 88Sr81Br molecule are also fitted and calculated for analyzing the influence of isotopes. The comparative analysis shows that the results of 88Sr79Br molecule are in better agreement with the experimental values. Finally, the Franck-Condon factors are gained by fitting the optimized single point energy and transition dipole moment of 88Sr79Br molecule. The transition band with the largest factor and obvious diagonalization is selected by analyzing the Franck-Condon factor of each transition band, and whether it meets the conditions for selecting laser cooling molecular system is judged. The radiation lifetimes of the transitions from the lowest two excited states to the ground state are calculated by combining the transition dipole moment, Franck-Condon factor, single point energy and vibration energy level of each electronic state. The results of this paper are in good agreement with the experimental values, which shows that the method in this paper is reliable. These spectral characteristic parameters provide theoretical support for further experimental measurement and construction of molecular laser cooling scheme of 88Sr79Br molecule.
Early Miocene remains of Melissiodon from Mokrá-Quarry (Moravia, Czech Republic) shed light on the evolutionary history of the rare cricetid genus
Authors: Bonilla-Salomón Isaac , Čermák Stanislav , Luján Àngel H. , Jovells-Vaqué Sílvia , Ivanov Martin , Sabol Martin
Published: August 2022

Background

Melissiodon is a rare cricetid genus endemic to Europe, known from the Early Oligoceneto the Early Miocene. It is usually a very rare find, and even in the few localities where Melissiodon remains are found, those are scarce and fragmentary. Only a few Central European localities have yielded rich remains of the genus. Currently, two species are known from the Early Miocene: Melissiodon schlosseri, which is based on two teeth from the MN2 German locality of Haslach and only found in two other sites of similar age (Ulm-Uniklinik and La Chaux, from Germany and Switzerland respectively); and Melissiodon dominans, found in MN3 and MN4 localities across Europe, even though the scarce and fragmentary remains make some of these attributions dubious. For that reason, Melissiodon dominans has become a catch-all species. However, Mokrá-Quarry represents one of the best documented findings of Melissiodon remains from MN4 localities of Europe.

Methods

The Melissiodon assemblage from Mokrá-Quarry has been studied thoroughly, providing metrics and detailed descriptions of all teeth positions, as well as complete comparisons with other MN3 and MN4 localities bearing Melissiodon remains.

Results

In this work, new remains of Melissiodon have been identified as a new morphotype that clearly differs from Melissiodon dominans by its unique m1 morphology but still shows some resemblance with Melissiodon schlosseri. Based on that, we here propose the hypothesis of an evolutionary lineage starting from Melissiodon schlosseri, diverging from the lineage leading towards Melissiodon dominans. With this finding, there are at least two different taxa of Melissiodon known during the Early Miocene, prior to the genus extinction. This study arises the certainty that the evolution history of the genus is more complex than previously thought and that more studies are necessary to elucidate it, including a complete revision of the type material of Melissiodon dominans and Melissiodon schlosseri in the light of current knowledge of the genus, which will help to elucidate the attribution of the populations from Mokrá-Quarry. For the time being, the assemblage presented here is referred as Melissiodon aff. schlosseri.
(In)justicia multidimensional y pedagogías socialmente justas: el caso de un padre de un niño con discapacidad
Authors: Moyano Dávila Camila , Oyarzún Juan De Dios
Published: August 2022

En este artículo, pretendemos contribuir al debate de la justicia educativa, especialmente para niños/as con necesidades especiales, desafiando aquellas teorías que se enfocan solo en aspectos unidimensionales. Utilizando el modelo multidimensional de justicia de Gewirtz y el marco de las pedagogías socialmente justas, analizamos el caso de Oscar, padre de un niño con Síndrome de Down, que busca una escuela para su hijo. El caso se desarrolla en el contexto del sistema educativo chileno, que se caracteriza por un marco político neoliberal y con una estructura altamente estratificada. Debido a esto es que en 2015 y 2017 respectivamente, se implementó una nueva ley de inclusión y, específicamente, un nuevo sistema de admisión escolar, para generar un marco de política de admisión escolar más justo y equitativo. De este modo, nuestra propuesta teórica tiene implicaciones prácticas—en términos de política pública— y analíticas. Proponemos agregar dos dimensiones de la justicia educativa al momento de analizar el caso Oscar: primero, la justicia educativa debe abrazar injusticias que no necesariamente se viven en los espacios educativos formales; a esto lo llamamos la dimensión multiespacial de la justicia. En segundo lugar, proponemos un análisis de multitemporalidad de la justicia educativa, que considere, como lo han establecido las pedagogías socialmente justas, un enfoque hacia el futuro. En este caso, la política y el discurso educativo promueven un futuro preestablecido y normalizado para los niños y niñas, lo que es problemático para los niños/as con discapacidad, cuyos padres, como Oscar, tienen un foco en el presenta más urgente.
¿Qué es lo cultural del encuentro intercultural de atención de salud de poblaciones migrantes internacionales en Chile? Algunas reflexiones antropológicas
Authors: Urrutia Carla , Correa-Matus Eliana , Cabieses Valdés Báltica , Obach Alexandra
Published: August 2022

Chile se ha vuelto un país receptor de población migrante internacional en los últimos años, con creciente influjo en el tiempo. Dentro de los desafíos de la migración internacional se encuentra el acceso equitativo y oportuno de migrantes internacionales al sistema de salud, reportándose diversas barreras para el acceso a la atención de salud. Dentro de las barreras se identifica el encuentro intercultural en salud y la atención de salud con pertinencia cultural a las necesidades de la población migrante. En este ensayo se desarrolla una reflexión sobre los aspectos culturales propios del espacio de atención de salud, considerando el lugar, actores que participan de la interacción y tiempo en que ocurre la atención. Se desarrolla un marco conceptual previo para sentar bases para la reflexión, basados en los conceptos de cultura, interculturalidad en salud e interaccionismo simbólico como propuesta de acercamiento a este fenómeno. Para la realización de este artículo se lleva a cabo una revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos científicos (Pubmed, Scielo y Google Scholar) y literatura gris nacional e internacional, con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre lo cultural en el encuentro de atención de salud entre población migrante internacional y los profesionales de salud que los atienden.
Arte público y espacio público: Una aproximación para el estudio de “públicos” del arte público
Authors: Bloomfield Fabian A.
Published: August 2022

El presente artículo propone una aproximación para el estudio de la publicness del arte público bajo la idea de la esfera pública. En primera instancia, se hace un recorrido por la idea de espacio público y arte público para la comprensión inicial de los elementos involucrados; luego, una vinculación del arte púbico con la idea de esfera pública según la propuesta de Hauser y la idea de públicos como interlocutores. Finalmente, se esbozan procedimientos metodológicos generales y dimensiones centrales que permitan dar cuenta de los principales elementos del arte público que median con y entre los miembros del público bajo la idea de esfera pública.
Alcances y limitaciones de la participación infantil en orientaciones técnicas de programas ambulatorios SENAME: un análisis documental
Authors: Roig Dominique , Molina Sofía , Parra Sofía , García-Quiroga Manuela
Published: August 2022

Entre los derechos del niño, el derecho a la participación es un factor protector para su desarrollo y bienestar, y un medio para la consecución de otros derechos. En Chile, la investigación en participación infantil es escasa, en especial en el sistema de protección infantil, SENAME. Es crucial promover y resguardar una participación infantil significativa, considerando el impacto que pueden tener en sus vidas las decisiones tomadas en los sistemas de protección. Este estudio busca comprender los alcances y limitaciones de la participación infantil en las orientaciones técnicas de los programas ambulatorios de SENAME a través de un análisis documental en base a teoría fundamentada. Los resultados muestran que el concepto de “participación” en los documentos es aplicado de manera inconsistente, y que los mecanismos e instancias de participación para los niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) resultan poco definidos. Los NNA son vistos principalmente como víctimas o seres vulnerables, lo cual parece limitar sus posibilidades de participar por sí solos; así, la familia o cuidadores toman un rol central en el proceso.
Maternidad y cárcel en Sudamérica: una niñez casi invisible y con mínimos cuidados
Authors: Sanhueza Olivares Guillermo , Sánchez Carolina
Published: August 2022

El presente artículo analiza la relación entre maternidad y encarcelamiento en centros penitenciarios de América del Sur, especialmente en términos del impacto en los niños, niñas y adolescentes y en las propias mujeres privadas de libertad. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos que abordaran la temática de manera empírica y reciente (última década), seleccionándose finalmente 12 artículos para el periodo 2010-2021. Los principales hallazgos de nuestra revisión sugieren que, tanto la maternidad tras las rejas como la situación de niñez con referentes paternos encarcelados es un problema grave, de creciente masividad y bastante invisible en Sudamérica, con diversos efectos negativos tanto para los propios NNA como para las mujeres encarceladas, incluyendo problemas de salud mental, conductuales y adaptativos, además de impactos sociales latentes que acarrea el encarcelamiento femenino. Al mismo tiempo, si bien existen algunas investigaciones e intervenciones, la situación de la infancia víctima expuesta al encarcelamiento (en diversas formas) sigue estando bastante desprotegida como un resultado combinado de una sociedad patriarcal, de políticas criminales punitivas que siguen subordinando a las mujeres –y con ello, a la niñez—a los intereses dominantes, en sus vertientes androcéntricas y adulto-céntricas; y de una escasa investigación empírica de corte nacional y/o longitudinal. En medio de esta fuerte invisibilidad en la región, nos atrevemos a realizar algunas sugerencias de política pública e intervención para revertir parte de los efectos negativos del encarcelamiento en los NNA y sus madres.
Participación y ciudadanía: la voz de adolescentes miembros de Consejo Comunal de Infancia de la ciudad de Iquique
Authors: Rivadeneira Joucelyn , Corrales-Soto Raquel , Morales-Villalón Constanza
Published: August 2022

El objetivo del presente estudio se centró en indagar en las experiencias de participación de adolescentes que son miembros del Consejo Comunal de Infancia de la ciudad de Iquique. A partir de un diseño metodológico cualitativo se llevó a cabo un estudio de caso con tres adolescentes entre 16 y 18 años de edad. Se aplicaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas vía plataforma online para posteriormente realizar un análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran que los adolescentes miembros del Consejo valoran los avances en materia de participación en el Consejo Comunal, especialmente dado que no se visualizan otros espacios que permitan desarrollar este derecho. Se reconoce asimismo que persiste una visión adulto-céntrica en los espacios territoriales en donde la participación suele permanecer en un plano simbólico que requiere todavía de profundas transformaciones. Se discute el alcance de los hallazgos y los desafíos pendientes en nuestra sociedad.
Bandera(s) mapuche, diseño e historia: Entrevista a Jorge Weke a 30 años del “Wenüfoye”
Authors: Labra Mocarquer Ricardo
Published: August 2022

Ad portas al quinto centenario de la llegada de Cristóbal Colón al bautizado continente americano las comunidades mapuche asociadas al Aukin Wallmapu Ngulam, o Consejo de Todas las Tierras, realizaban diversas acciones en pos de reflexionar sobre las implicancias de este hecho, junto con avanzar en lo que llamaban la “descolonización ideológica”. Una de estas acciones fue un proceso creativo y colectivo que dio origen, inicialmente, a cinco banderas de las Identidades Territoriales mapuche como paso previo de una “bandera única”, posteriormente denominada Wenüfoye. Años después de su primera exhibición, el 6 de octubre de 1992, el Wenüfoye se ha consagrado como referente automático de lo mapuche en el mundo contemporáneo.
El desarrollo de estas banderas fue realizado en conjunto a diversas comunidades que se reunían a conversar y discutir en torno a los simbolismos y configuraciones que los emblemas deberían presentar. Jorge Weke, diseñador gráfico mapuche-williche, fue el responsable de escuchar, anotar y materializar las voces e ideas de este proceso, delineando prediseños y sintetizando las propuestas finales. Frente a la creciente importancia que ha adquirido la bandera,aspectos de su historia tenuemente esclarecidos, la aparición de otras banderas, y las potencialidades de similares procesos participativos, se presenta una entrevista al diseñador responsable de esta. De la entrevista se desprende la diversidad de ideas y diseños que el proceso congregó, su cualidad colaborativa, y algunos aspectos de las condiciones de posibilidad de las materialidades mapuche contemporáneas.
La función de las conexiones sintagmáticas en una red lexica experimental para el lexema ulica
Authors: Gatkowska Izabela , Arias Javier
Published: August 2022

El presente trabajo presenta una red léxica experimental, originada de resultados de un experimento, conducido cíclicamente, del test de asociación libre de palabras, para la lengua polaca, que buscaba examinar el reconocimiento del significado. En tal red, el significado se representa mediante las conexiones entre lexema definido y lexema definidor. Acudiendo al lexema ‘calle’ (en polaco, ulica) se muestra de qué modo las dependencias construyen el significado y qué función desempeñan las relaciones sintagmáticas.
Mephentermine vs. Phenylephrine for Prevention and Management of Maternal Hypotension during Caesarean Section under Spinal Anaesthesia and their Effects on Foetal Outcome- A Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Divyabharathi Srinivasan , Devi Sinam Neetu , Kay Jonan Puni , Nongthombam Rakesh , Devanathan Balusamy , Sowrirajan Lakshminarayanan , Chara Adeenpa , Nandinie Navaneethapriya
Published: August 2022

Introduction: For the best maternal and foetal outcome during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia, maintaining Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) at 100% of the baseline is necessary. Mephentermine and Phenylephrine are both sympathomimetic drugs used for timely correction of maternal hypotension. Aim: To compare the effect of intravenous bolus administration of mephentermine and phenylephrine for prevention and management of maternal hypotension and to evaluate the foetal outcome. Materials and Methods: In this randomised double-blinded controlled trial, a total of 150 American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) II scheduled for elective Lower Segment Caeserean Section (LSCS) were randomly allocated into three groups to receive the study drugs: group A received mephentermine 6 mg in 2 mL Normal Saline (NS), group B received phenylephrine 100 mcg in 2 mL NS, and group C received 2 mL NS immediately following subarachnoid block. Whenever hypotension occurred (Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) <90 mm Hg) rescue boluses were given. Maternal haemodynamic parameters, umbilical cord blood gases, and complications were recorded from the time of sub-arachnoid block till the end of surgery. Results: There was no significant difference in the maternal haemodynamics and neonatal outcome among the three groups. It was observed that phenylephrine had quick peak effect, higher foetal umbilical pH and better neonatal outcome though statistically insignificant. Incidence of significant bradycardia (16%) and absence of intraoperative nausea and vomiting were also reported among group B. None of the neonate had APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration) score <7 and the umbilical pH was comparable in all the three groups (p >0.05). The time of first rescue vasopressor and the total volume of requirement was earlier and higher in group C with the mean timing of 5.87±4.37 min and mean volume of 2.68±1.58 mL respectively. Conclusion: There is a significant improvement of arterial blood pressures and better neonatal outcome observed when phenylephrine (100 mcg) and mephentermine (6 mg) are given as a prophylactic intravenous (i.v.) bolus dose immediately after subarachnoid block; especially in the initial time period between skin incision and delivery of the baby. When given as a prophylactic i.v. bolus, it had the advantage of lesser total dose requirement of the vasopressor used and better haemodynamic maintenance till the delivery of the baby
Clinical Manifestations and Sequelae of COVID-19 in First and Second Wave among Nursing Officers of a Tertiary Care Centre, New Delhi, India
Authors: Kashyap Suman R , Luthra Suman , Ahmed Nishat Hussain
Published: August 2022

Introduction: There are lot of challenges involved in studying the multiorgan manifestations and sequelae of acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), that too in face of fighting the pandemic, which has led to fall short of resources and restriction in activities for prevention of transmission. The literature on persisting manifestations and sequelae of COVID-19 in the patients recovered in the first and second waves is scarce. Aim: To study the presenting and persistent manifestations after acute COVID-19 illness in first and second wave among Nursing Officers (NOs) of a tertiary care medical institute. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, from 15th May 2021 to 31st October 2021. Total 103 nurses, who had recovered after testing positive for COVID-19 in the first and second wave were followed-up for persisting symptoms. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson Chi-square test. Results: Total of 103 subjects were recruited in the study, 36 in the first wave and 67 in the second. Fever (72.82%), body ache (67.96%) and fatigue (66.99%) were found to be the most common presenting manifestations in the study subjects having mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Body ache (p-value=0.048), headache (p-value=0.044) and fatigue (p-value=0.025) were seen in significantly more subjects in second wave as compared to first wave. Persistence of symptoms for more than 4 weeks was seen in 45.63% subjects. There was no statistically significant difference between persisting symptoms in the two waves, except sleep disturbances which were found to be persisting in significantly more subjects in second wave than those in first wave. Conclusion: The data of current study will add to the literature of presenting signs and sequelae of coronavirus, and pave the way for more elaborate and multispecialty studies for enhanced understanding of the disease.
Effect of Interleukin 28B SNP rs12979860 Genotype on Viral Load in Hepatitis C Virus in Kolar Population, Karnataka, India
Authors: Kaur Devinder , Kamarthy Prabhakar , Das Subhashis
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The natural course of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is influenced by a number of host and viral variables. Interleukin 28B (IL28B) is a kind of interleukin. A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) designated as rs12979860 was reported to predict viral clearance with and without treatment. Subjects with the GG (favourable) IL28B rs12979860 genotype were more likely to clear the infection spontaneously and respond well to therapy. These findings imply that people who have the “favourable” GG genotype have a lower viral burden than those who have the “unfavourable” AA genotype. Aim: To determine the effect of IL28B SNP rs12979860 genotype on HCV viral load in Kolar population, Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: The present study was a case-control study which was carried out in Department of Microbiology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, Karnataka, India. Subjects were enrolled from Department of Medicine of R. L. Jalapa Hospital and Research centre, teaching hospital of Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College between November 2020 to March 2021. A total of 248 were taken of which 124 were HCV antibody-positive and 124 were controls. The effect of IL28B rs12979860 SNP on HCV viral load and clearance among HCV-infected patients were examined. Detection and quantification of HCV-RNA was determined by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). IL28B rs12979860 genotyping was performed using PCR and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technique and specific primers. Statistical analysis was done by using open epi tool. The frequency, percentage and Chi-square test were used to analyse categorical variable. A p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: In this study the frequency of G/G genotype was considerably high 83 (67%) compared to G/A 17 (13.7%) and A/A 24 (19.3%) and in group 2 the frequency of G/G genotype 84 (67.7%), G/A genotype 34 (27.4%) and A/A genotype 6 (4.9%). There was a statistically significant difference in both the HCV infected and healthy controls groups (p=0.002). The average (±SEM) HCV viral load was 4.6±3.6×107 , 9.4±7.7×107 and 5.5±5.2×107 IU/mL in patients with the IL28B rs12979860 GG, GA and AA respectively. Also there was a significance between the viral load and IL28B rs 12979860 (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Thus, present study results indicate that the IL28B rs12979860 genotype has an effect on viral load in untreated HCV patients. These findings highlight the importance of viralhost interactions in influencing the outcome of HCV infection.
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Blood Culture: A Pathogen or a Contaminant?
Authors: Bhosle Pranjali Sanjay , Thakar Vrushali Harsh , Modak Meera
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the most frequent blood culture isolates and an important cause of nosocomial blood stream infections especially in catheterised patients. CoNS are also the most common contaminants of blood cultures and are proven to be especially problematic. These uncertainties may result in over diagnosis and indirect overuse of antimicrobials especially vancomycin. Aim: To determine the clinical significance of CoNS isolated from blood culture of patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Bharati Hospital Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India, from August 2019 to July 2020 (One year). Patients whose paired/multiple blood culture samples showed pure growth of CoNS were included in the study. CoNS were identified by Vitek 2 system and antimicrobial susceptibility was reported. Clinical history of all patients was taken who showed pure growth of CoNS in either one or multiple sites of the automated blood culture bottles. Isolated CoNS were considered as pathogen only if clinical and laboratory parameters are fulfilled. Chi-square test was used to find out statistical significance of isolated pathogenic CoNS. Results: A total 147 CoNS isolated from blood cultures of suspected patients of sepsis were included in study. About 23 (15.6%) CoNS were isolated from both the sites. Remaining 124 (84.4%) CoNS were isolated from single site. CoNS were considered as pathogen in all 23 cases based on clinical and laboratory criteria. The most frequent isolated CoNS was S. haemolyticus 7 (30.4%), followed by S. epidermidis 5 (21.7%), S. hominis 3 (13.1%) , S. lugdunensis 3 (13.1%), S. scuiri 2 (8.7%), S. xylosus 1 (4.3%), S. caprae 1 (4.3%), S. capitis 1 (4.3%). Methicillin resistance was observed in 15 (65.2%) CoNS strains. Conclusion: Patients suffering from CoNS from their blood stream should be carefully evaluated clinically. Proper blood collection techniques need to be followed to avoid contamination of blood culture samples and to avoid diagnostic dilemma.
Clinicopathological Spectrum of Salivary Gland Lesions - A Retrospective Study from Tertiary Care Research Institute, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Sekhar Sanuvada Vijay Rama Raja , Ratnam Regidi Swathi , Gouthami B , Chandra B Ravi
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The salivary glands are subjected to various pathological conditions ranging from simple inflammation to most complex malignant lesions. Majority of these lesions can be diagnosed by simple histopathological examination. But, as these salivary gland lesions are not common, the incidence of these varies in different geographic locations. Aim: To study the spectrum of different salivary gland lesions and demographic data in a tertiary care hospital serving North East coastal area of Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital,Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Total of 85 salivary gland lesions were analyzed for a period of 4 years (December 2015 to November 2019). From the records of Histopathology, Department of Pathology, data was retrieved. Typing of the salivary gland tumours were done using sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). All the cases were analysed and divided according to the demographics and histological type. Descriptive statistics were used and data was tabulated in frequency and percentages. Results: A total of 85 salivary gland lesions were studied, of which 14 (16%) were non-neoplastic and 71 (84%) were neoplastic in nature. Among the neoplastic lesions, 56 (66%) were benign and 15 (18%) were malignant. There was slight male preponderance with a ratio of M:F=1.3:1. Majority of the tumours occurred in parotid gland (73), followed by submandibular gland (7) and minor salivary glands (5). All the tumours were classified and graded according to World Health Organization (WHO), while Brandwein Grading System was followed for mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most frequent benign tumour and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour. Conclusion: Though benign salivary gland tumours are more frequently encountered in the present study, malignant salivary gland tumours are not uncommon.
Scientific Communication on Artificial Intelligence: The Question of the Social Status of the Biodroid
Authors: Fauquet-Alekhine Philippe
Published: August 2022

Boidroids, androids mixing organic and synthetic components controlled by Artificial Intelligence, will likely spread soon in the daily life. They will interact with humans and will be thinking, behaving and feeling like humans. They will likely take on the appearance of humanoids in order to be better accepted in the civil society. Such artificial entities might be a source of comfort for humans by carrying out tasks that would improve the daily life for example; at the same time, they might be a source of concern by being the bearer of an intrinsic threat associated with an autonomy that humans might no longer control. Whether they are perceived positively or negatively, the question of their social status will soon have to be considered: The imminent nature of this consideration is illustrated by the android Sofia which was granted citizenship in 2017 by Saudi Arabia. Demonstrating the need to elaborate a legal and ethical frame to this perspective, the present article argues that scientific and non-scientific communities must seize the issue from now. The article also warns that, to date, the scientific communication on the topic (i.e. the written contributions of scientists) shows that the scientific communities as well as the civil society are far from being prepared to this eventuality. It concludes that the social status of entities such as biodroids must be analyzed and socialized before the civil society being confronted to the issue; this is to be done especially through scientific and non-scientific communications.