bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perlite microsphere for the use in lightweight cementitious composite
Authors: Shah Syed Nasir , Cheng Wei Da , Kam Jeck Kie , Loh Zhi Pin , Ibrahim Zainah , Mo Kim Hung
Published: February 2023

This preliminary work explores the possibility of utilizing perlite microsphere (PM) in producing lightweight cementitious composite (LCC). With the use of PM, LCC with dry density of about 1400 kg/m3 (35% reduction in density compared to normal cement mortar) can be obtained. Satisfactory compressive strengths of 32.6–34.5 MPa could be attained by the PM LCC, without and with supplementary cementitious materials such as silica fume and ground granulated blast furnace slag. The specific strength (compressive strength/density ratio) of LCC was also similar as the normal cement mortar. In addition, there was little difference in the flexural strength and drying shrinkage of PM LCC compared to normal cement mortar. Furthermore, similar flexural load–displacement behaviour was found between thin plate specimens produced with alkali-resistant glass fibre mesh reinforced LCC and that of normal cement mortar. In overall, this suggests that PM has the potential to be utilized as lightweight filler in producing LCC.
High-throughput 3D printing of continuous carbon fiber–reinforced Polyamide 6/Maleic Anhydride-modified Polypropylene/polypropylene composite by a multifilament feeder
Authors: Ueda Masahito , Nakayama Daisuke , Katsuta Nobuhiro , Okoshi Masayuki
Published: February 2023

A multifilament feeder was developed to achieve the high-throughput 3D printing of continuous carbon fiber–reinforced thermoplastic composites. Four filaments were supplied to the feeder and simultaneously printed by controlling the feeding speeds to quadruple the manufacturing volume. A water-resistant filament was also developed by the polymer blending of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polypropylene (PP), which provided good adhesion to the carbon fibers and water resistance, respectively. The polymer structure in the continuous carbon fiber–reinforced thermoplastic composites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The multilayer polymer structure was observed, which enhanced the water-resistant property. The bending test results revealed that the blending minimized the degradation of the flexural modulus of the 3D-printed unidirectional carbon fiber–reinforced thermoplastic composite under wet conditions.
Analysis of the Genetic Stability of Insect and Herbicide Resistance Genes in Transgenic Rice Lines: A Laboratory and Field Experiment
Authors: Sun Yue , Chen Zhongkai , Chen Huizhen , Wang Chunlei , Li Bai , Qin Lu , Lin Xiaoli , Cai Yicong , Zhou Dahu , Ouyang Linjuan , Zhu Changlan , He Haohua , Peng Xiaosong
Published: February 2023

A lack of stability in the expression of Bacillus thuringiensis genes (CRY) and the dialaninophosphate resistance gene (BAR) in transgenic rice plants can lead to the loss of important characters. The genetic stability of transgenic expression in high-generation lines is thus critically important for ensuring the success of molecular breeding efforts. Here, we studied the genetic stability of resistance to insect pests and herbicides in transgenic rice lines at the molecular and phenotypic levels in a pesticide-free environment. Southern blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed high stability in the copy numbers and expression levels of CRY1C, CRY2A, and BAR in transgenic lines across different generations, and gene expression levels were highly correlated with protein expression levels. The insecticide resistance of the transgenic rice lines was high. The larval mortality of Chilo suppressalis was 50.25% to 68.36% higher in transgenic lines than in non-transgenic control lines. Percent dead hearts and percent white spikelets were 16.66% to 22.15% and 27.07% to 33.47% lower in transgenic lines than in non-transgenic control lines, respectively. The herbicide resistance of the transgenic rice lines was also high. The bud length and root length ranged were 2.53 cm to 4.20 cm and 0.28 cm to 0.73 cm higher in transgenic lines than in non-transgenic control lines in the budding stage, respectively. Following application of the herbicide Basta, the chlorophyll content of the transgenic lines began to recover 2 d later in the seedling and tillering stages and 3 d later in the booting and heading stages, by contrast, the chlorophyll content of the non-transgenic lines did not recover and continued to decrease. These findings revealed high genetic stability of the resistance to insect pests and herbicides across several generations of transgenic rice regardless of the genetic background.
Synthesis and characterization of green phenolic resin with olive oil mill wastewater
Authors: Özbay Günay , Ayrilmis Nadir , Ahmad Muhammad Syarhabil
Published: February 2023

Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW), a by-product of the olive oil industry, each year is generated millions of tons all over Mediterranean countries. Uncontrolled disposal of the OMW leads to massive environmental problems including soil and water pollution. In this experimental study, the OMW was used to partly replace clean water for getting prepared formaldehyde solution. Then, phenol and formaldehyde solutions were synthesized under alkali conditions to obtain more green phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin. The effect of the OMW substitution level on the chemical and thermal properties of PF resin was examined by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectral and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, respectively. Moreover, the bonding strength of each PF resin was evaluated under dry and wet conditions. It was found that FT-IR measurements showed that the PF resin containing various amounts of the OMW had a chemical structure very similar to the PF resin. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the low‐molecular‐weight organics in the OMW had negatively affected the thermal stability of the modified PF resins. In addition, the wood samples bonded with the PF resin containing up to 30 wt% OMW met the minimum requirements of interior and exterior bonding performance according to standard EN 12765. The OMW could be replaced by clean water up to 30 wt% for the production of green phenolic resin.
The outcomes of cataract surgery in eyes with Fuchs uveitis
Authors: Özdamar Erol Yasemin , Özdemir Yalçınsoy Kübra , Özdal Pınar
Published: February 2023

Background

To evaluate clinical results in eyes undergoing phacoemulsification intraocular lens (IOL) implantation due to Fuchs, uveitis (FU) related complicated cataract.

Methods

Post-surgical outcomes of 56 eyes of 55 FU patients were evaluated retrospectively. Three groups were formed according to the IOL model: hydrophilic SAF6125 (Optima fold) acrylic, hydrophobic SN60AT (Alcon), and hydrophobic AAB00 (Abbott). Postoperative posterior capsular opacification (PCO) development and PCO development time, neodymium number: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy rate, giant cell (GC) deposition on the IOL, and the development time of GC deposits were compared among the groups. All patients were followed postoperatively on the 1st day, 1st week, 2nd and 6th weeks, and then at 3-month intervals.

Results

The hydrophilic SAF6125 IOL was implanted in 10 eyes, hydrophobic SN60AT in 24 eyes and AAB00 IOL in 22 eyes. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 34.1 ± 30.1 (6-144) months. PCO developed in 7 eyes (70%) in the hydrophilic SAF6125 group, 17 eyes (70.8%) in the hydrophobic SN60AT and 13 eyes (59.1%) in the AAB00 group. There was no statistically significant difference among the three IOL groups in the PCO development, the PCO development time and YAG laser capsulotomy rates (P = 0.674, P = 0.111, and P = 0.507, respectively). The PCO development time was significantly longer in the hydrophobic SN60AT than AAB00 group (P = 0.027). GC deposits were detected in 3 eyes (30%) in the hydrophilic SAF6125 group, 7 eyes (29.1%) in the hydrophobic SN60AT and 3 eyes (13.6%) in the AAB00 group. GC deposition and the development time of GC deposits were similar among the three IOL groups (P = 0.575, P = 0.804). At the final follow-up, BCVA was ≥ 20/40 in 41 eyes (73.2%).

Conclusion

The GC deposits and PCO development were the most important problems in these eyes with hydrophilic or hydrophobic IOLs despite good visual and postoperative results. New developments are needed in terms of IOL design or content in eyes with FU.
The effects and interrelationships of intercropping on Cotton Verticillium wilt and soil microbial communities
Authors: Zhang Yun , Yang Yuanxue , Lu Xiuyun , Wang Aiyu , Xue Chao , Zhao Ming , Zhang Jianhua
Published: February 2023

Background

Cotton Verticillium wilt, causing by Verticillium dahliae, has seriously affected the yield and quality of cotton. The incidence of Verticillium wilt in cotton fields has been on the rise for many years, especially after straw has been returned to the fields. Intercropping can reduce the incidence of soil borne diseases and is often used to control crop diseases, but the relationship between the effects of intercropping on microbial communities and the occurrence of plant diseases is unclear. This research explored the relationship between soil microbial community structure and Cotton Verticillium wilt in interplanting of cotton-onion, cotton-garlic, cotton-wheat and cotton monocultures. Amplicon sequencing applied to the profile of bacterial and fungal communities.

Results

The results showed that the disease index of Cotton Verticillium wilt was significantly reduced after intercropping with cotton-garlic and cotton-onion. Chao1 and Sobs indices were not significantly different in the rhizosphere soil and pre-plant soils of the four planting patterns, but the pre-plant fungal shannon index was significantly lower in the cotton-onion intercropping plot than in the other three plots. PCoA analysis showed that the soil microbial communities changed to a certain extent after intercropping, with large differences in the microbial communities under different cropping patterns. The abundance of Chaetomium was highest in the cotton-garlic intercropping before planting; the abundance of Penicillium was significantly higher in the cotton-wheat intercropping than in the other three systems.

Conclusion

Cotton-garlic and cotton-onion interplanting can control Cotton Verticillium wilt by affecting the soil microbial community. Fungi of the genera Chaetomium and Penicillium may be associated with plant disease resistance.
Comparative analysis of the transcriptome during single-seed formation of Castanea henryi: regulation of starch metabolism and endogenous hormones
Authors: Qiu Qi , Tian Xiaoming , Wu Guolong , Wu Juntao , Fan Xiaoming , Yuan Deyi
Published: February 2023

Background

In seed plants, the ovule is the precursor to the seed. The process of ovule development and differentiation is regulated by multiple factors, including starch metabolism and endogenous hormones. Castanea henryi produces nuts with high nutritional value. However, the high proportion of empty buds restricts the commercial use of the tree. Previous studies have shown that the empty bud phenotype is closely related to ovule abortion. If none of the ovules in the ovary expand rapidly and develop in 7–8 weeks after pollination, an empty bud will form. Therefore, we studied the development and molecular mechanisms underlying single seed formation in C. henryi.

Results

We found that 49 days after pollination (DAP) is a critical period for the formation of fertile and abortive ovules. The morphology and starch distribution of the fertile and abortive ovules differed significantly at 49 DAP. The fertile ovules were smooth and round in appearance, with a large amount of starch. In contrast, abortive ovules were smaller with only a small amount of starch. The embryo sac of the abortive ovule proceeded to develop abnormally, and the entire ovule lacked starch. We identified 37 candidate genes involved in metabolism with potential roles in the regulation of starch levels. Three ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) genes, one granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) gene, and two beta-amylase genes could affect starch accumulation. The levels of auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, and jasmonic acid in fertile ovules were higher than those in abortive ovules. In addition, the levels of endogenous abscisic acid and salicylic acid in abortive ovules were higher than those in fertile ovules of the same age, consistent with the expression patterns of genes related to the synthesis of abscisic and salicylic acid and signal transduction. We identified and mapped the differentially expressed genes associated with hormone synthesis and signal transduction.

Conclusions

These results improve our general understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying single seed development in C. henryi and the phenomenon of empty buds, providing directions for future research.
Effects of preoperative oral enzyme-hydrolyzed rice flour solution on gastric emptying and insulin resistance in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yuan Yang , Shi Guangjun , Chen Huailong , Wang Mingshan , Liu Haofei , Zhang Xiao , Wang Bin , Zhang Gaofeng , Sun Lixin
Published: February 2023

Background

The effect of preoperative oral carbohydrates (POC) on insulin resistance (IR) of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) remains debatable. Enzyme-hydrolyzed rice flour (EHR) is a kind of water-soluble micromolecular carbohydrates. This study aimed to investigate the impact of preoperative oral EHR solution on gastric emptying and IR in patients undergoing LC.

Methods

Patients (n = 100) undergoing LC were divided into oral-water group (group C) or oral-EHR solution (group E) randomly (n = 50 each), and the patients drank 300 ml water or EHR solution 2-3 h before surgery respectively. Gastric emptying which was quantized by gastric volume (GV) from antrum ultrasonography, IR indicators, subjective comfort indicators, handgrip strength, postoperative recovery indexes, and complications were recorded.

Results

There were no differences in GV between the two groups before oral administration (V0), immediately after oral administration (V1) and before anesthesia induction(V2). The GV at V2 (GV2) reduced to the level of V0 (GV0) in the two groups. Fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FINS) and Homa-IR in the two groups increased at postoperative day 1 (Pos 1d) compared with those at preoperative day 1(Pre 1d). Homa-IS and Homa-β in the two groups decreased at Pos 1d compared with those at Pre 1d. FG, FINS and Homa-IR in group E were lower than those in group C at Pos 1d, and Homa-IS and Homa-β were higher in group E than those in group C at Pos 1d. Subjective comfort indictors (hunger, fatigue and anxiety) in group E were lower than those in group C at preoperative 15 min (Pre 15 min) and postoperative 1 h (Pos 1 h). Handgrip strength in group E was raised compared with that in group C at Pre 15 min, Pos 1 h and Pos 1d. There was a lower incidence of nausea and earlier exhaust time in group E.

Conclusion

Oral 300 ml EHR solution 2-3 h before LC surgery did not increase the occurrence of reflux and aspiration during anesthesia induction with a normal gastric emptying, ameliorated postoperative IR, improved subjective comfort, and promoted postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery.

Trial registration

Prospectively registered at the China Clinical Trial Registry, registration number: ChiCTR2000039939, date of registration:14/11/2020.
Australian emergency department care for older adults diagnosed with low back pain of lumbar spine origin: a retrospective analysis of electronic medical record system data (2016–2019)
Authors: de Luca Katie , McLachlan Andrew J , Maher Chris G , Machado Gustavo C
Published: February 2023

Background

In Australian emergency departments, 30% of all back pain presentations are for older adults. Relatively little is known about the care that this population receives during an emergency department stay, including admission to hospital. The aim of this study is to describe emergency department management of older adults diagnosed with a lumbar spine condition and to determine predictors of healthcare use in this population.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of electronic medical record data of adults aged ≥ 65 years with a lumbar spine discharge diagnosis. Demographic, clinical care (date and time of presentation and discharge, length of stay in the emergency department, mode of arrival, triage category, re-presentations to the emergency department (within 48 h), discharge mode, the administration of pain-relieving medicines, lumbar imaging, and laboratory tests) and costs data were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Descriptive analyses and multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed.

Results

Over the period January 2016 to December 2019 there were 4,093 presentations to emergency departments by older adults with a lumbar spine discharge diagnosis (82.0% were non-specific low back pain). Most were female (58.3%), 39.9% had some form of lumbar imaging, and 34.1% were admitted to hospital. The most administered pain medicines were opioid analgesics (67.1%), followed by paracetamol (63.9%) and NSAIDs (33.0%). Predictors of healthcare use and hospital inpatient admission were receiving a laboratory test and receiving any opioid. For the financial period 2019-20, the mean (SD) total cost of care per presentation was $5,629 ($11,982).

Conclusion

In the emergency department, more than two thirds of older adults with a lumbar spine condition received opioid analgesics. They often received imaging and laboratory tests, had high costs and were admitted to hospital. Alternative pathways of care are needed to support older adults with low back pain, to receive guideline-concordant emergency department care and have good health outcomes.
Understanding weight management experiences from patient perspectives: qualitative exploration in general practice
Authors: Norman Kimberley , Burrows Lisette , Chepulis Lynne , Keenan Rawiri , Lawrenson Ross
Published: February 2023

Background

Obesity is a complex health issue affecting the quality of life of individuals and contributing to an unsustainable strain on healthcare professionals and national health systems. National policy guidelines indicate that general practice is best suited to deliver obesity healthcare, however, obesity rates continue to rise worldwide indicating interventions are ineffective in this space. The aim of this study was to explore the weight management experiences from patient perspectives.

Methods

This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with 16 rural Waikato general practice patients. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Four themes were identified: Inconsistent Information, Significance of Holistic Factors, Obesity Centre Need, and Education. Participants expressed frustration at contradictory health messages, commercial company and ‘expert’ definition distrust, and that ‘holistic’ aspects to health significant to the weight management journey were unable to be addressed in general practice.

Conclusion

Whilst primary care is positioned as suitable for delivering obesity healthcare, this study found that participants do not perceive general practice to be equipped to deliver this care. Instead, participants argued for a specialist obesity centre capable of meeting all their obesity healthcare needs. Further, wider issues including on-line commodification of health and neo-liberal capitalism - factors that exploit people with a stigmatised health issue - can cause further harm to the participant. A radical modernisation of education, information, and resources from regulated, qualified and ‘trusted’ healthcare professionals who can provide safe, non-stigmatising supportive services is recommended to meet the unique and changing food climate, reduce obesity rates and improve health outcomes.
What have we learnt from the past – would treatment decisions for GEP-NET patients differ between 2012 to 2016 by the new recommendations in 2022?
Authors: Stiefel Rahel , Lehmann Kuno , Winder Thomas , Siebenhüner Alexander R.
Published: February 2023

Background

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with a broad range of local and systemic treatment options. Still a lack of data regarding treatment sequences exists. The aim of this study was to analyse outcomes in GEP-NETs depending on stage and treatment steps and compare our treatment decisions to the latest treatment recommendations of European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2020 for GEP-NETs.

Methods

Patients were included in this retrospective single-center analysis from 2012—2016. All patients suffering from a GEP-NET, who were screened, treated or evaluated at ENETS Center in Zurich, Switzerland were included in analysis. Patients with any other diagnosis of NET were not included. We used Kaplan Meier estimator as well as Cox regression to compare survival rates between different sites of localization, grades or stages and treatment sequences.

Results

Overall, we identified 256 GEP-NETs, most in advanced stage (62%) and located in small intestine tract or pancreatic gland. Survival depended on stage, grade, primary site and duration of response for the early systemic treatment. On average patients underwent 2.6 different treatment modalities, mostly depending on stage and higher tumor grade. Surgery was performed early but also in advanced stages, usually followed by Somatostatine-Agonist modalities.

In distant disease (Stage IV), we investigated a positive effect of PFS after treatment with Somatostatine Analogues (SSA) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21 – 0.97; p = 0.04) and systemic treatment (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.26 – 0.99; p = 0.047) if patients underwent prior surgery or endoscopic resection.

Kaplan Meier distributions predict shorter OS in distant disease (Stage IV), (Figure. 1; HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.46 – 2.89; log-rank test, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This retrospective analysis presents a great overview of all patients’, disease and treatment characteristics of GEP-NETs at ENETS Center in Zurich, Switzerland. We illustrated survival (PFS) depending on implemented therapies. According to these findings, we formed a suggested treatment algorithm for advanced GEP-NETs, which does not differ from the latest treatment recommendation by ESMO guidelines for GEP-NETs.

The results of this project may define GEP-NET patients’ selection for upcoming clinical prospective studies.
Elucidating the role of missense SNP of protein kinase C epsilon in HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Rehman Areeba , Shabbir Maria , Badshah Yasmin , Khan Khushbukhat , Trembley Janeen H. , Ashraf Naeem Mahmood , Afsar Tayyaba , Almajwal Ali , Alruwaili Nawaf W. , Alshamari Ali , Alanezi Tariq Nahar , Razak Suhail
Published: February 2023

Background

The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases contains more than ten isozymes that are involved in multiple signaling pathways, including cell cycle regulation and carcinogenesis. The PKCε isozyme is an oncogene known to be upregulated in various signaling pathways involved in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is no known association of missense SNPs in PKCε with this disease, which can be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and treatment. This research reveals a novel missense SNP in PKCε that is associated with HCV-induced HCC in the Pakistani population.

Methods

The PKCε SNP with amino acid substitution of E14K was chosen for wet lab analysis. Tetra ARMS-PCR was employed for the identification of high-risk SNP in PKCε of HCV-induced HCC patients. Liver function testing was also performed for comparison between the liver condition of the HCC patient and control group, and the viral load of HCC patient samples was evaluated to determine any alteration in the viral infectivity between different genotypes of the selected high-risk PKCε variant SNP.

Results

Frequency distribution of the homozygous GG genotype was found to be highest among HCV-induced HCC patients and was also found to be significantly associated with disease development and progression. The p values of comparative data obtained for the other two genotypes, heterozygous AG and homozygous AA, of the SNP also showed the significance of the data for these alleles. Still, their odds ratio and relative risk analysis did not indicate their association with HCV-induced HCC.

Conclusion

The distribution of a genotype GG of PKCε has been found in HCV- induced HCC patients. Therefore, these PKCε SNP have the potential to be biomarkers for HCV-induced HCC. Further investigation using a larger sample size would provide additional insight into these initial data and open a new avenue for a better prognosis of this disease.
Pediatricians’ knowledge, attitude and practice on treating children with red eye disease
Authors: Mostovoy Dina , Bunin Anna , Eyni Yotam , Ben Natan Merav
Published: February 2023

Background

Pediatricians play an important role in the early detection and prompt treatment of ocular disorders in children, including red eye disease. Our aim was to examine the knowledge level of pediatricians regarding treating children with red eye disease, as well as the factors that affect the knowledge level, and the potential implications of a low level of knowledge.

Methods

In this correlational quantitative study, 152 expert pediatricians completed a questionnaire that included questions on knowledge, attitudes, and experience in treating red eye disease.

Results

Respondents’ mean level of knowledge was moderate. Most of the respondents (89.5%) knew that the most likely diagnosis for a child with red eyes and a discharge is viral conjunctivitis and that pain, blurred vision, and a clouded cornea, are symptoms indicative of a more complex systemic problem. In contrast, 78.3% of the pediatricians claimed that the treatment of choice for viral conjunctivitis is a conservative treatment that includes eye flushing and strict hygiene. However, 14.5% (n = 22) of the pediatricians were found to prescribe antibiotics. A negative association was found between the pediatrician’s age and years of experience, and level of knowledge concerning treatment of children with red eye. A strong positive association was found between pediatricians’ level of knowledge and their attitudes to performing eye tests. Moreover, a negative association was found between the level of knowledge and the number of cases in which pediatricians prescribed antibiotics for children with red eye.

Conclusions

The research findings indicate that lack of knowledge was more conspicuous among pediatricians with more experience. Knowledge appears to be critical both for readiness to treat red eye and for proper treatment. It is necessary to provide pediatricians with tools for treating eye disorders in children and to refresh their knowledge on red eye, particularly among pediatricians with more years of experience.
Mental health and social support among glaucoma patients enrolled in the NIH All of Us COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) survey
Authors: Delavar Arash , Bu Jennifer J. , Radha Saseendrakumar Bharanidharan , Weinreb Robert N. , Baxter Sally L.
Published: February 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic created many challenges for our society. In this study, we explore how measures of mental health, coping strategies, and social support during the pandemic varied by glaucoma status.

Methods

A cohort of patients aged 40 and over enrolled in the NIH All of Us Research Program, a nationwide longitudinal cohort, who answered the COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) survey was obtained. We analyzed several measures of mental health, coping strategies, and social support used during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveys were recurring and answered from May 2020 to February 2021. Demographics and the most recently answered survey responses were obtained and stratified by glaucoma status. Pearson’s Chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regressions adjusting for age, gender, race, ethnicity, and income were used to generate p-values, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between outcome measures and glaucoma status.

Results

Of 42,484 patients who responded to All of Us COPE survey items, 2912 (6.9%) had a diagnosis of glaucoma. On Pearson’s Chi-squared tests glaucoma patients were less likely to report drinking alcohol (P = 0.003), eating more food than usual (P = 0.004), and using marijuana (P = 0.006) to cope with social distancing than those without a diagnosis of glaucoma. Further, glaucoma patients had lower rates of probable mild, moderate, or severe depression as calculated by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores (P < 0.001) and had lower rates of reporting some or a lot of stress from social distancing (P < 0.001). However, glaucoma patients were less likely to report having someone to help prepare meals (P = 0.005) or help with daily chores (P = 0.003) if they became sick with COVID-19. In multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusting for confounding factors, no differences were found for measures of mental health or social support.

Conclusions

Glaucoma patients did not fare worse on many measures of mental health and coping strategies during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic compared those without glaucoma. However, a substantial proportion of glaucoma patients still endorsed stress, social isolation, and probable depression, representing challenges for disease management.
Positive correlation between hypertensive retinopathy and albuminuria in hypertensive adults
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Wenbo , Zhao Liang , Zhang Jing , She Haicheng , Meng Ying , Zhang Yadi , Gu Xiaopeng , Zhang Yan , Li Jianping , Qin Xianhui , Wang Binyan , Xu Xiping , Hou Fanfan , Tang Genfu , Liao Rongfeng , Liu Lishun , Huang Meiqing , Bai Xinlei , Huo Yong , Yang Liu
Published: February 2023

Purpose

We investigated the association between albuminuria and hypertensive retinopathy (HR) in hypertensive adults.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional subgroup analysis of data from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. We enrolled 2,964 hypertensive adults in this study. Keith-Wagener-Barker stages was used to assess HR. The urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) was calculated to evaluate albuminuria.

Results

HR was found in 76.6% (n = 2, 271) of the participants, albuminuria was found in 11.1% (n = 330). The UACR levels were significantly higher in subjects with HR than in those without HR (grade 1, β = 1.42, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: -0.12, 2.95, p = 0.070; grade 2, β = 2.62, 95% CI: 0.56, 4.67, p = 0.013; grade 3, β = 5.17, 95% CI: 1.13, 9.20, p = 0.012). In the subgroup analyses, the association between HR and UACR was stronger in current smokers (p for interaction = 0.014). The correlation between HR grades 1 and 2 and UACR was stronger in subjects with higher triglyceride levels (≥ 1.7 mmol/L), but for grade 3 HR, this correlation was stronger in subjects with lower triglycerides levels (< 1.7 mmol/L, p for interaction = 0.023). The odds of albuminuria were significantly higher in subjects with HR than in those without HR (grade 1, odds ratio [OR] = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.29, p = 0.019; grade 2, OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.28, 3.18, p = 0.002; grade 3, OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 0.99, 4.55, p = 0.053). In the subgroup analyses, the association between HR grades 1 and 2 and albuminuria was stronger in subjects with higher triglycerides levels (≥ 1.7 mmol/L), but for grade 3 HR, this correlation was stronger in subjects with lower triglyceride levels (< 1.7 mmol/L, p for interaction = 0.014).

Conclusion

HR was positively correlated with albuminuria in hypertensive Chinese adults. This correlation was more remarkable when the population was stratified by triglycerides levels and smoking status. HR can be used as an indicator of early renal injury.
Accommodation and disability-specific differences in nutritional status of children with disabilities in Kathmandu, Nepal: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sapkota Krishna Prasad , Shibanuma Akira , Ong Ken Ing Cherng , Kiriya Junko , Jimba Masamine
Published: February 2023

Background

Worldwide, more than 150 million children < 18 years live with disabilities. These children are more vulnerable to malnutrition regardless of institutional care that they receive, such as daycare or residential care. In Nepal, little is known about the status of malnutrition and factors associated with malnutrition among children with disabilities. This study was conducted to investigate the factors associated with malnutrition based on the types of disability and accommodation.

Methods

This institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in 22 institutions in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. From these institutions, parents/guardians of all children with disabilities were recruited who were present there on the day of data collection. They were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on demographic characteristics, disability type and severity, accommodation place, feeding practices, and dietary patterns. The outcome variables, stunting, underweight, and obesity were measured using height-for-age, weight-for-age, and body mass index-for-age, respectively. A generalized linear model was used to investigate the factors associated with stunting and underweight, and multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with overweight and obesity.

Results

Among the 345 children with disabilities, 45% were stunted, 33% were underweight, 19% were thin, and 12% were overweight. Children with physical disabilities (relative risk ratio = 1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26–2.81) were more likely to be stunted than those with sensory disabilities. Children with autism (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.56, 95% CI: 1.23–25.23) and intellectual disabilities (aOR = 5.84, 95% CI: 1.59–21.51) were more likely to be overweight and obese than those with sensory disabilities. No evidence was found regarding an association between accommodation type and malnutrition.

Conclusion

Children with disabilities are vulnerable to malnutrition in several ways. Different types of disabilities are associated with different forms of malnutrition. Considering the types of disabilities, tailor-made approaches should be adopted to improve malnutrition status.
Physical-mental health and awareness of HIV/STIs among men who have sex with men in selected cities of India
Authors: Pal Suraj , Pathak Praveen Kumar , Rahaman Margubur
Published: February 2023

Background

Men who have Sex with Men being sexual minorities are a vulnerable section of society and are at greater risk of ill-treatment if they are ‘out of the closet’ regarding their sexuality. Previous evidence suggests that they experienced heightened susceptibility to physical and mental illnesses owing to widespread discrimination and victimization across different walks of life, particularly in developing countries. However, there is a paucity of sound data and scientific understanding related to linkages between physical-mental health and awareness about Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Sexually Transmitted Infections among Men who have Sex with Men in the Indian context.

Methods

Using a mixed-method approach, the present study examined the association between physical-mental well-being and awareness of comprehensive Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Sexually Transmitted Infections/relevant health behaviours based on primary data collected from 300 respondents from six selected metro cities in India. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test and binary logistic regression model have been used for the quantitative data analyses. In-depth interviews were conducted to contextualize and appreciate the substantive meanings and significance coming out from the quantitative results with the lived experiences of the study respondents.

Results

Finding suggests that one-fourth of the respondents were experiencing long-term illnesses while close to four out of ten respondents experienced short-term illnesses. About one-third of the respondents experienced disordered eating behaviour and mood swings. Close to one-fifth of the respondents reportedly contemplated suicidal thoughts. Awareness related to Sexually Transmitted Infections and preventive measures related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus risk was considerably low among Men who have Sex with Men.

Conclusion

Awareness about sexual and reproductive health issues among Men who have Sex with Men needs to be strengthened to curtail the disproportionate risk and vulnerability of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Infections. The public healthcare system needs to be sensitized and upgraded to cater user-friendly quality healthcare services, without any discrimination against sexual minorities including Men who have Sex with Men. Furthermore, generating public awareness about gender and sexuality-related matters and reducing stigma and discrimination is critical for achieving the health-related sustainable development goals in India without leaving no one behind.
Clinical study of suture anchors in the treatment of radial head fractures
Authors: Li Xiao-Nan , Li Yuan-Shen , Chen Jun-Lin , Li Qing-Shan , Suo Yan-Hui
Published: February 2023

Background

This study aimed to analyze and study the clinical effect of suture anchors in the treatment of radial head fractures (RHFs).

Methods

A total of 11 patients (five male and six female) with RHFs who were treated from March 2016 to June 2021 were included in this study. They were 17–61 (average 38.5) years old. In terms of the Johnston–Mason classification, two cases were type II, seven cases were type III, and two cases were type IV. All patients were treated with open reduction and anchor internal fixation.

Results

All 11 patients were followed up, all incisions healed by first intention, and the duration of follow-up was 14–20 months. The average operation time was 40 ± 15 min. The clinical healing time was 4–6 (average 5) weeks. No patients had any complications, such as traumatic arthritis, malunion, nerve injury, joint stiffness, or incision infection. The clinical effects were evaluated according to the Mayo Elbow Performance Score. The scores of all 11 cases were 90–95, all excellent.

Conclusion

The application of suture anchor internal fixation in the treatment of RHFs has the advantages of accurate reduction, no need for a secondary operation to remove the fixation materials, less trauma, fewer complications, good fracture healing, and good recovery of elbow extension, flexion, and rotation functions.
Stress and displacement patterns during orthodontic intervention in the maxilla of patients with cleft palate analyzed by finite element analysis: a systematic review
Authors: Marcin Mikulewicz , Katarzyna Chojnacka
Published: February 2023

Objective

Rationale for the review in the context of what is already known about the evaluation of stress and displacement patterns using finite element analysis in the maxilla of patients with cleft palate after orthodontic intervention.

Methods

This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). The protocol for this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020177494). The following databases were screened: Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science.

Results

The search identified 31 records. 15 articles were retrieved for full texts and 11 of them were considered eligible for inclusion by 2 authors. Eventually, 11 articles were included in the qualitative analysis.

Conclusions

Finite element analysis is an appropriate tool for studying and predicting force application points for better controlled expansion in patients with UCLP.
Women’s worries about prenatal screening tests suspected of fetal anomalies: a qualitative study
Authors: Mirtabar Seyyedeh Mahboubeh , Pahlavan Zeynab , Aligoltabar Sajedeh , Barat Shahnaz , Nasiri-Amiri Fatemeh , Nikpour Maryam , Behmanesh Fereshteh , Taheri Sina , Nasri Khadijeh , Faramarzi Mahbobeh
Published: February 2023

Background

Pregnant women with suspected fetal anomalies experience a great deal of stress following prenatal screening tests. The present study aimed to investigate women's worries about prenatal screening tests suspected of fetal anomalies.

Methods

Through the use of qualitative content analysis, the reports of women whose prenatal screening tests were suspected of fetal anomalies were analyzed and the results were interpreted. The participants were selected from four public and private maternity care clinics of Babol, Iran, from December 2021 to January 2022, using targeted convenience sampling. Data were collected from 20 women aged 24 to 41 years old, who underwent prenatal screening tests and were suspected of fetal anomalies, using semi-structured face-to-face interviews.

Results

The four main themes included the "causes of worries" (with sub-themes of challenge with spouse and relatives, medical diagnosis processes, previous unpleasant experiences, physical and mental problems, financial worries, and misinformation), "anxiety-coping styles" (with cognitive emotion-oriented, behavioral emotion-oriented, and problem-oriented sub-themes), "reactions to a possible diagnosis of anomaly" (with three sub-themes, namely concealment, extreme fear and worry, and denial), and "attribution of the cause of the anomaly" (with sub-themes of consanguine marriage, evil eyes, tendency to have a baby of a particular gender, a history of anomalies in the previous child, the spouse's medical illness, unplanned pregnancy, and high maternal anxiety).

Conclusion

Women with suspected fetal anomalies experience a great deal of stress, the most important reason for which is the "physician’s uncertainty". "Sharing worries with relatives" was the most common style of coping with worries. Establishing emotional support and empathetic communication between midwives and physicians with pregnant women suspected of fetal anomalies were important ways to reduce their worries.
The role of motivational components in metamotivational monitoring in medical students: a mixed method study
Authors: Norouzi Ali , Parmelee Dean , Shariati Mohammad , Norouzi Saiideh , Alizadeh Maryam
Published: February 2023

Background

In metamotivational monitoring, students try to identify the declined motivational component in order to regulate their motivation. There is scarcity of evidence on which motivational components are targeted by the medical students when they use each motivational regulation strategies. This study aims were identifying motivational components in motivational regulation process, developing a measurement tool and, testing the predictive relationship between the motivational components and motivational regulation strategies.

Methods

This exploratory sequential design mixed method study is part of a project has been started from 2018 with medical students at Tehran University of Medical Science. First, in a qualitative study conducting a semi-structured in-depth interview, the motivational components were explored. The interviews continued until saturation of data. Then, in a psychometric study the validity and reliability evidence of questionnaire obtained. In the quantitative study, applying the convenience sampling method, 508 students completed the questionnaires. Predictive relation between the motivational regulation strategies and motivational components was assessed utilising Structural Equation Modelling. Path coefficients, T-Value, and R2 index were reported by SmartPLS software.

Results

In the Exploratory Factor Analysis of Motivational Components Questionnaire (MCQ), 6 factors were discovered that explained 74% of the total variance. All paths in seven models of SEM showed a T-Value above 1.96 that means there is a significant correlation between all strategies and components. In examining the predictive relationships, each of the four components of self-efficacy, intrinsic value, self-relevant value and promotion value were specifically predicted by two motivational regulation strategies.

Conclusions

Evidence of validity and reliability of the MCQ indicates that this questionnaire can be used in medical education contexts. Health Profession Educators can improve the academic motivation of students by identifying one or more declined motivational component and teaching specific motivational regulation strategies. It is recommended to hold training courses on motivational regulation strategies for medical school faculty, study-skills advisors, and students.
REPRESENT: REPresentativeness of RESearch data obtained through the ‘General Informed ConsENT’
Authors: Bosmani Cristina , Carboni Sonia , Samer Caroline , Lovis Christian , Perneger Thomas , Huttner Angela , Hirschel Bernard
Published: February 2023

Background

We assessed potential consent bias in a cohort of > 40,000 adult patients asked by mail after hospitalization to consent to the use of past, present and future clinical and biological data in an ongoing ‘general consent’ program at a large tertiary hospital in Switzerland.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, all adult patients hospitalized between April 2019 and March 2020 were invited to participate to the general consent program. Demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from patients’ electronic health records (EHR). Data of those who provided written consent (signatories) and non-responders were compared and analyzed with R studio.

Results

Of 44,819 patients approached, 10,299 (23%) signed the form. Signatories were older (median age 54 [IQR 38–72] vs. 44 years [IQR 32–60], p < .0001), more comorbid (2614/10,299 [25.4%] vs. 4912/28,676 [17.1%] with Charlson comorbidity index ≤ 4, p < .0001), and more often of Swiss nationality (6592/10,299 [64%] vs. 13,813/28,676 [48.2%], p < .0001).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that actively seeking consent creates a bias and compromises the external validity of data obtained via ‘general consent’ programs. Other options, such as opt-out consent procedures, should be further assessed.
The relationship between job stress and patient safety culture among nurses: a systematic review
Authors: Zabin Loai M. , Zaitoun Rasha S. Abu , Sweity Esa M. , de Tantillo Lila
Published: February 2023

Background

Work stress is one of the leading causes of physical and mental problems among nurses and can affect patient safety. Nurses experiencing stress are more prone to make errors, which has consequences for the safety culture. This study aimed to describe the findings of studies that examined the relationship between job stress and patient safety culture among nurses.

Methods

A systematic review of published English-language articles from 2017 to 2021 was obtained through an electronic search of three large online databases (i.e., CINAHL through EBSCOhost, Medline through PubMed, and Embase). We used the Statement of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to guide the undertaking of this review. In addition, data extraction and quality assessment were performed for the final seven quantitative articles.

Results

This review showed a significant relationship between job-related stress in its different factors, patient safety culture, and patient safety. Three studies of the seven reviewed articles examined the relationship. The rest of the studies examined the relationship indirectly, discussing factors that impacted job stress and how they affected patient safety culture. However, differences in working conditions and study characteristics affected the results of these studies and the significance of this relationship.

Conclusions

This review suggests that nursing managers and administrators should consider actions to minimize nursing job stress to the minimum levels and improve their work environment to provide the best possible patient care. Future studies are needed to develop interventions to reduce workplace stress and improve nurses' safety. Furthermore, nurses’ managers and educators should train nurses on resilience and how to work in trauma-informed care.