bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
7QC Tools' Scope, Limitations, and Implications for Organizational Quality
Authors: Khawaja Umair Ashraf , Khan Dr. Shahzada Alamgir
Published: January 2023

The quality management system known as ISO 9001 is universally recognized and utilized by businesses and organizations all over the world. In Pakistan's industrial sector, quality management systems are being implemented, and companies are earning certifications in accordance with the ISO 9001 standard. Continuous improvement through internal audits, quality policy, quality objectives, and their targets are some of the primary focuses of this standard. This guideline also places an emphasis on data analysis as a key component. In order to check and evaluate the managerial perception of the usage of 7QC tools and their effective implementation to enhance organizational performance with regard to quality in ISO 9001 certified businesses. The seven fundamental quality control (7QC) tools consist of a scatter diagram, histogram, check sheets, control charts, graphs, and a cause-and-effect diagram. For this purpose, we used responses provided by professionals from 32 different ISO 9001 certified companies in Punjab, Pakistan. The results of our study have demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between the performance of an organisation in quality and the utilization of QC tools.
The Representation of Socio-cultural Aspects in Atta Shad’s Poem “Shepank/Shepherd” and “Dil Greet O Shap Naret/ Heart Weeps and Night Moans”
Authors: Yaseen Dr. Muhammad , Dr. Abdul Rauf  , Altaf Anwar
Published: January 2023

Shad was a poet, critic, playwright, researcher and an intellectual. In beginning he wrote poetry in Urdu and later in the Balochi language. Shad is considered the architect of modern symbolic Balochi poetry. He was inspired by the tutelage of Faiz Ahmed Faiz but soon felt the need to evolve his own style of poetry. His marvelous style gave him a prominent place in the literary quarters. His poetries are whole which cover all the aspects of Baloch Society. Hence, his poetries not only delight the readers but represent the socio-culture, economic life and many social problems of everyday life. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to demonstrate Atta’s art in the portrayal of socio-cultural approach through his poems, “Shepank/Shepherd” and “Dil Greet O Shap Naret/ Heart weeps and night moans”.The nature of the research is qualitative and researcher used textual analysis for the present study. However, the findings exhibit that Atta Shad as a whole discussed the social life of human being. His needs, wishes, deprivations, love and adventure of the homeland and even the sexual needs of the human being are discussed. And further, he also discussed the discrimination of the society based on the socio-cultural and economic aspects in the society.
Importance of defence counsel's presence in the interrogation of a suspect in a criminal procedure
Authors: Milivojević Suzana
Published: January 2023

Particularly sensitive position of the suspect on the one hand, and the main task of criminal procedure embodied in comprehensive clarification and resolution of criminal matters on the other hand, motivated the legislator to provide special rules for questioning the suspect closely related to his special rights in criminal proceedings, of which the most important is the right to access counsel. In the following article, the author will first refer to the European standards of protection of the right to access defence counsel during the hearing of adult suspects, paying special attention to the European Court of Human Right case law and Directive 2013/48/EU, considering that Serbia has signed European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and aspires to become a member state of the European Union. In the end, the author will review relevant provisions of national legislation primarily contained in the Criminal Procedure Code, point out possible shortcomings and propose changes to ensure more efficient exercise of the right of access defence counsel to suspects.
Effects of COVID 19 on business processes in creative industries: Case study of Cultural Centre of Belgrade
Authors: Ilić Aleksandar
Published: January 2023

The Cultural Centre of Belgrade was created in 1957 as the focal point of cultural and artistic development of the then capital of Socialist Federative Republic of Yugosavia and an epicentre of contemplation of artistic foundations. Its original mision was the promotion of highest artistic and cultural values in Belgrade has changed over time as the very content of arts and culture have made a transition into the concept of creative industries. With the arrical of COVID19 pandemic into Serbia in 2019, a series of contra-epidemiologial measures have been implemented that have by their very nature either drastically reduced physical visits by people and/or have transformed the nature of human interaction. Given that the Cultural Centre of Belgrade has a unique programme concept and it is geographically located in the heart of Belgrade, the effects of the pandemic had a deep impact on the financial functioning and have thus affected the business processes in the system. A series and phased reengineering programmes have been implemented in the business processes, as they are the main pillar of the sustainability of creative functioning and output so that the Centre can continue to fulfill its mission in the post COVID environment. Their functioning remains to be closely monitored.
Género y emprendimiento rural. Claves para la orientación profesional
Authors: Porto Castro Ana Mª , Mosteiro García Mª Josefa , Baylina Ferré Mireia , Villarino Pérez Montserrat
Published: January 2023

Este trabajo tiene como finalidad conocer cómo mujeres jóvenes que han decidido regresar al medio rural perciben, piensan e interpretan el proceso de tránsito por el que han pasado para emprender en este espacio. Para ello, aplicamos una metodología cualitativa, siguiendo un método de estudio de casos, utilizando como técnicas de recogida de información la entrevista en profundidad y las notas de campo. Las participantes son seis mujeres adultas jóvenes, con formación universitaria que han decidido iniciar una actividad emprendedora en el medio rural y que pertenecen a diferentes contextos rurales de Cataluña y Galicia. Para el análisis de la información obtenida se ha utilizado el programa Atlas ti. Las principales conclusiones sugieren que la articulación entre el proyecto profesional y vital es el motor que ha impulsado el emprendimiento de estas mujeres y que sus experiencias de tránsito muestran un cambio en el emprendimiento rural. El lugar tiene una influencia importante a la hora de decidir el tipo de actividad que se va a desarrollar en el negocio y ejerce un papel fundamental en la decisión de emprender de estas mujeres. El compromiso que establecen con el entorno es un motivo para desplegar en él todas sus capacidades y el foco de los negocios pasa por proyectos que relacionan más las personas y los lugares. Desde la orientación profesional es imprescindible considerar el impacto de la socialización de género en las mujeres para reforzar su cultura emprendedora superando los obstáculos que les impone su rol social.
Creative writing in the Correctional Institution: the Greek case
Authors: Kalouptsi Maria
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Creative writing is a field that has been flourishing over the last years in Greece. Creative writing projects are being implemented in many different institutions and a continuously increasing number of partakers engage in them. A special case of such a project is the one that takes place in the 3rd Second Chance School (SCS) in the Correctional Institution of Diavata. There, in collaboration with the University of Western Macedonia in Greece which imparts a Master´s in Creative Writing program and the voluntary participation of many students of the program, creative writing activities give the chance to the inmates that involve in them, to express their thoughts and communicate their ideas to the world outside of the prison through their writings. This paper aims at presenting one of the numerous creative writing activities that were carried out during the project in the SCS of Diavata, an activity that evolved around the notion of truth. 
Key words: Creative writing, Second Chance Schools, truth, correctional institution.
 
Resumen
La escritura creativa es un campo que está floreciendo en los últimos años en Grecia. Los proyectos de escritura creativa se están implementando en varias instituciones y un número cada vez mayor de participantes se involucra en ellos. Un caso especial de tal proyecto es el que se lleva a cabo en la 3a Escuela de Segunda Oportunidad (E2O) en la Institución Correccional de Diavata. Allí, en colaboración con la Universidad de Macedonai Occidental en Grecia que imparte un programa de Maestría en Escritura Creativa y la implicación voluntaria de muchos estudiantes del programa, las actividades de escritura creativa dan la oportunidad a los reclusos que partiipan en ellas, de expresar sus pensamientos y comunicar sus ideas al mundo fuera de la prisión a través de sus escritos. Este estudio trata de presentar una de las numerosas actividades de escritura creativa que se realizaron durante el proyecto en la E2O de Diavata, una actividad que evolucionó en torno a la noción de la verdad.
Palabras clave: Escritura Creativa, Escuelas de Segunda oportunidad, verdad, institución correccional.
Czy powrót ustawowego bezprawia?
Authors: Pietrzykowski Tomasz
Published: January 2023

Constitutional crisis confronts legal practice with philosophical problems that normally may seem abstract or even purely academic. Among those, there is a question of material (content-dependent) criteria of legal validity, namely whether legal norms may actually have any content and remain binding elements of the law. It becomes palpable due to the legislative initiatives to decriminalize some violations of law committed by governmental officials. Such regulation deserves discussion in the light of theoretical conceptions of the claim to correctness (justice, righteousness) as a necessary feature of each act of enacting or applying the law. Arguably, even weaker conception of such claim, relying on the correctness relative to the public morality reflected in the fundamental values and principles of the positive law, is sufficient to challenge the potential presumption of validity of such decriminalizing provisions entailed by their possible formally accurate enactment
How to Maintain Mental Health as a Professional Working with Survivors of Human Trafficking and Conflict-Related Sexual Violence
Authors: Rullmann Jitske
Published: January 2023

This practitioner's submission focuses on the mental health of professionals working with survivors of human trafficking and conflict-related sexual violence. As a professional, being a witness to details of interpersonal atrocities can cause psychological problems, like emotional exhaustion,
burn-out, secondary traumatization or compassion fatigue. In order to be able to continue to work effectively and facilitate healing to survivors, it is crucial that professionals maintain their own mental health. Maintaining mental health is always important and even more challenging while
working in conflict areas, such as Ukraine. Some specific challenges of staying mentally healthy for professionals working with survivors of human trafficking and conflict-related sexual violence are being highlighted in this article, accompanied with some suggestions on how to tackle those
challenges.
Sustainable practices in a higher education institution: an approach to implementation difficulties in the Garanhuns academic unit of the Federal rural University of Pernambuco
Authors: Peixoto Carol Soares Bezerra de Sá , Filho Rodolfo Araújo de Moraes , Mandú Maria Jaqueline da Silva , Batista Agleilson Souto , Albuquerque José de Lima , Ventura Antônio Aritan de Oliveira , Cabral Romilson Marques , Lins Rafaela Rodrigues
Published: January 2023

Higher Education Public Institutions can be understood as major consumers of goods and services, in the case of Brazil. To lessen the negative impacts of their activities, these entities have a primary role in the dissemination and implementation of sustainable ideas in their administrative routines. Thus, this study investigated the main difficulties faced by public actors in adopting sustainable practices in their administrative routines. The case study methodology was used as methodological strategy, and the research was classified as descriptive, applied in nature and of qualitative approach. The unit of analysis chosen was the Garanhuns Academic Unit of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UAG/UFRPE).For data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 servants representatives of strategic sectors of UAG/UFRPE. The data collected through the interviews were analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that the main difficulties in adopting sustainable practices in the workplace were administrative, budgetary and cultural, with the most critical obstacles being the lack of knowledge and training factors on sustainable actions and the scarcity of effective institutional policies. From these results, it is concluded that it is necessary to overcome these difficulties to implement effective sustainable management in the Unit.
Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Rare Parotid Tumours: A Case Series
Authors: Dey Sayantan , Kundu Piyali , Das Sona , Mondal Madhumita
Published: January 2023

Malignant salivary gland tumours are rare representing only 2% of all head and neck malignancies. The most common malignant salivary gland tumour is mucoepidermoid carcinoma followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma while parotid is the most common site. But there are presence of other rare variants with diverse biological feature of maliganacy including Salivary Duct Carcinoma (SDC), basal cell adenocarcinoma, Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma (CXPA), polymorphous adenocarcinoma which represent 1-5% of all salivary gland neoplasm. They typically are high-grade carcinomas with presence lymph nodal metastases. Hereby, author report 5 rare cases of parotid gland malignancy detected by histopathological examination along with confirmation by immunohistochemical examination. A 60-year-old and 65-year-old male diagnosed with salivary duct carcinoma of left parotid and right parotid respectively with ipsilateral cervical lymph node involvement but peripheral resection margins were free from tumour invasion. A 50-year-old female diagnosed with basal cell adenocarcinoma of left parotid with lymph node metastasis and resection margin was involved by the tumour. A 60-year-old male presented with recurrent swelling in left parotid region, diagnosed as carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma with lymph node involvement in a case of pleomorphic adenoma of parotid, reported previously. A 52-year-old male presented with right-sided parotid region swelling for last six months having Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) report of pleomorphic adenoma. Parotidectomy revealed diagnosis of polymorphous adenocarcinoma while surgical resection margins were free. Surgery is the main mode of treatment in these tumours. Involvement of resection margins, extraparotid extension, lymphovascular and perineural invasion along with lymph node metastasis are the common indicator for postoperative radiation therapy.
Identification and Characterization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Strains from the Roots and Rhizospheres of Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli and Onion
Authors: Banu Most. Bilkis , Mian Musharraf Hossain , Rahman M. Mazibur , Moslehuddin Abu Zofar Md. , Matin Mohammad Quamrul Islam
Published: January 2023

Rhizosphere soils and roots of two vegetables (tomato and brinjal) and two spices (chilli and onion) crops were collected from each of four Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs) of Bangladesh viz. AEZ-9 (RARS, Jamalpur), AEZ-11 (RARS, Jashore), AEZ-25 (ARS, Bogura) and AEZ-28 (BARI, Joydebpur) in 2014-2015. Characterization and identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal strains were studied in the microbiology laboratory of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). Different crops showed positive responses in percent root colonization such as 74.11-83.78%, 22.11-24.33%, 7.33-8.89%, and 6.67-9.33% in onion, tomato, chilli, and brinjal, respectively. Rhizosphere soil of individual crops had also variations in the number of spore populations such as 120.11-200.33, 33.44-50.78, 36.11-39.22, and 28.56-41.89 per 100g soil in onion, tomato, chilli, and brinjal, respectively.  Eleven AM strains were identified in tomatoes: Glomus geosporum, G. mosseae, G. fasciculatum, G. spp., Acaulospora dilatata, A. bireticulata, A. mellea, A. morrowiae, Entrophospora infrequens, Sclerocystis coremioides and Gigaspora margarita. Nine each were identified from other three crops. G. spp. and Acaulospora bireticulata were absent in brinjal and chilli. Acaulospora dilatata and A. mellea were absent in onion. The formation of AM structures was found inconsistent and fluctuating from site to site in the present study. Both oval and spherical-shaped vesicles were found among the AM structures.
Determinants of Audit Delay in Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Manaf Sodikin , Sulastri Putu , Pitoyo Agus , Sujarwo Anton
Published: January 2023

Aims: This study about audit delay aims to test the influence size company, solvability, profitability, switching auditors and internal control system (ICS) on audit delay in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.

Study Design: The design of this research study is correlational.

Place and Duration of Study: Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2020.

Methodology: The population study was companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2020. Samples 84 are determined based on the formula Slovin, with the simple random sampling technique. The analytical technique used multiple linear regression with SPSS 24 program assistance.

Results: Research results show that during the COVID-19 pandemic, profitability and ICS decrease audit delay and solvability upgrade audit delay; meanwhile, size companies and switching auditors are not influential in auditing delays.

Conclusion: Research results in this support theory signalling, providing proof of empirical influence profitability and ICS lower audit delays.
Bayesian Estimation of Exponentiated Rayleigh Distribution under Symmetric and Asymmetric Loss Functions
Authors: Kumari Pavitra , Kumar Vinay , Kundu Rohit , Kumar Pardeep
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we have considered the estimation problem of one-parameter exponentiated Rayleigh distribution. The parameters are estimated using likelihood based inferential procedure. We have computed MLEs and Bayes estimates under informative and non-informative priors along with six different loss functions, the Bayes estimation was obtained “Squared error, Linear exponential, Precautionary, Entropy, De Groot and non-Linear exponential loss functions”. Finding a good estimator of the unidentified shape parameter is the study's main goal. The Bayesian estimates of the parameter of exponentiated Rayleigh distribution are obtained using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation method. All the computations are performed in OpenBUGS and R software.
Evaluation of the Anticonvulsant and Antidepressant Effects of the Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Ascotheca paucinervia (T. Anderson ex C.B. Clarke) Heine in Mice
Authors: Judicaël Bassoueka D’Avila , Radar Ondele , Gelvid Omeka Ngassaki , Antoine Abena Ange
Published: January 2023

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anticonvulsant and antidepressant effects of Ascotheca paucinervia leaves on mice by using strychnine at 2.5mg/kg to induce convulsions and the forced swimming test to create a stressful situation, respectively. Concerning convulsions, only the 500mg/kg extract significantly increases (p<0.001) the time to onset of convulsions and it non-significantly reduces the duration of convulsions induced by strychnine. In addition, the extract reduces very significantly in a dose-dependent manner the time of immobility and it significantly increases the swimming time as well as the climbing time at both doses. At the same time, the estimation of the acute toxicity of the extract from the leaves of Ascotheca paucinervia according to guideline No. 425 of the OECD (2022) shows that the latter is weakly toxic and its LD50 is greater than 5000mg/kg. In addition, the evaluation of the sedative effect of this extract shows that it produces a dose-dependent sedative effects and at doses of 250m/kg and 500mg/kg, the extract significantly potentiates the sleep induced by phenobarbital. In summary, the results obtained suggest that Ascotheca paucineervia leaves extract possesses anticonvulsant and antidepressant effects.
Evaluation of the Behavior of the Sealing Grout of the Mining Holes and Verification of the Conformity of Mixing Water and Izegouandane and Tarat Aquifers: Case of Mining Company of AKOUTA (COMINAK)
Authors: Daou Ibrahim Elhadji , Harouna Souley , Hassan Abdourazakou Maman
Published: January 2023

The aims of this study is to identify the behavior of the sealing grout in the Izegouandane and Tarât aquifers, which are the main water supply sources in the northern region of Niger, in order to prevent contamination and reduce the impact of uranium mining activities on the groundwater. This study also made it possible to evaluate the conformity of the mixing water as well as the bearing capacity of the grout in the aquifers crossed in order to verify its conformity. The study area is located in a desert zone in the northern band of Niger, in Arlit city. The measured compressive strengths are 60 bars for cylinder A, 52.5 for cylinder B and 62.5 for cylinder C with an average value of 58.33 bars. The deduced base stress value is 2.24 MPa. The sampled mixing water has a pH of 8.7 with a suspended solids content of 0.02g/l, a Cl- concentration of 93 mg/l and nitrate and nitrite concentration values that are 5 mg/l and 12 mg/l respectively. These waters comply with the general specifications of the standards relating to the quality of mixing water and can therefore be used to fill in boreholes. The analysis of groundwater shows that for Izegouandane and Tarat aquifers the values of concentration of suspended solids are respectively 0.04 g / L to 0.001 g / L. The values of Ph of these waters are 8.7 and 8.1 respectively for the water table of Izegouandane and Tarat. The analysis of Izegouandane aquifer showed that the concentrations of chloride, nitrates and sulfates are respectively 32 mg/L, 9 mg/L and 36 mg/L. Those of magnesium, ammonium and carbon dioxide, they are respectively 1.5 mg/L, 0.8 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L. For the Tarat aquifer, the concentrations of chloride, nitrates and sulphates are respectively 47 mg/L, 29.5 mg/L and 47 mg/L. As for magnesium, ammonium and carbon dioxide, they are respectively 10.02 mg/L, 1.6 mg/L and 1.6 mg/L.
Assessment of Land Use-land Cover Change in Irga River Catchment Using Object-based Image Classification Technique
Authors: Yadav Shankar , Sahu R. K. , Prasad Sudarshan
Published: January 2023

Land use-land cover (LULC) change analysis is essential for understanding the spatial and temporal change of landscape during a known long period for sustainable management of natural resources. The main objective of this study was to assess land use-land cover change using an object-based image classification technique which is a recent image classification technique with better accuracy than traditional pixel based image classification. The study was conducted in the catchment area of the Irga River, a tributary of the Barakar River, which falls in the Giridih district of Jharkhand (India). The catchment of the study area was delineated using SRTM DEM data (30 m spatial resolution). LANDSAT images (TM and OLI-TIRS) were used to develop the land use- land cover maps of 1997, 2007, and 2017 using object-based image analysis (OBIA). The images were classified and analyzed using ArcGIS and eCognition Developer 64 software. The accuracy of the classified images for each year was assessed by preparing the error matrix and calculating the Kappa coefficient. The overall accuracies of classified images were computed to be 88%, 83% and 91% while Kappa coefficients were found to be 0.8455, 0.7706 and 0.8796 for year 1997, 2007 and 2017 respectively. Over the 20 years (1997-2017), agricultural land increased by 12.23%, settlement increased by 76.62%, wasteland decreased by 39.59%, vegetation increased by 14.83%, water-bodies increased by 26.29%, and river area decreased by 16.66%. The analysis indicated an increasing trend in agricultural land, settlement, and vegetation while decreasing trends in wasteland and river areas. However, no definite trend was observed in the extent of the water-bodies.The results indicated that waste land greatly reduced and converted into settlement and agricultural land in the catchment.
Comparative Educational Considerations in Special Secondary Education in Greece (2015 – 2019)
Authors: Symeon Nikolidakis , Lela Gogou
Published: January 2023

Our article examines policies for Special Vocational Secondary Education in Greece. Emphasis is placed on the presentation of legislation with references to the organization and operation of schools and education structures. The aim is to highlight either the different policies for Special Education compared to previous periods, or the evolution of previous policies. As can be seen from our study, the period 2015 – 2019 is considered to be decisive in the evolution of policies for Special Secondary Education. Gradually, Greece is harmonizing with policies of the European Union and International Organizations for the performance of the policy of the rights of people with disabilities. Especially the organization of Secondary Vocational Education changes the model of Education of people with disabilities with emphasis on the acquisition of skills, in order to integrate into the labour market. Thus, in the expanded study framework, the policies of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (O.E.C.D.) are also examined in order to highlight the particular scientific – economic capital that is being formed and evolving on the role of education in the labour market. The increased attendance of people with disabilities in public educational structures is related to their right to education, quality of life and social integration, so that they can be integrated into social and professional life without discrimination, avoiding social exclusion and marginalization.
Association of Wildfire Air Pollution With Clinic Visits for Psoriasis
Authors: Fadadu Raj P. , Green Marcus , Grimes Barbara , Jewell Nicholas P. , Seth Divya , Vargo Jason , Wei Maria L.
Published: January 2023

This cross-sectional study examines whether clinic visits and online search interest for psoriasis were associated with wildfire air pollution after a delayed lag period.
Effect of atorvastatin on lipoxygenase pathway‐related gene expression in an in vitro model of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
Authors: Golfetto Miskiewicz Ivanna Carolina , Cho Hyen Chung , Lee Ji In , Lee Jihye , Lee Yenna , Lee Yun Kyung , Choi Sung Hee
Published: January 2023

Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes can result from an imbalance between lipid acquisition and lipid catabolism. In recent years, it has been discovered that eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (AA) have the potential to create specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators to actively resolve inflammation, but it is not clear whether AA and lipoxygenases exert effects on hepatic inflammation. Here, the effects of atorvastatin on the expression of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and lipoxygenase pathway genes (ALOX5, ALOX12, ALOX15, and ALOX15B) were evaluated in an in vitro model of palmitic acid (PA)‐induced hepatocyte lipid accumulation in McA‐RH7777 (McA) cells. Palmitic acid increased cPLA2 expression, intracellular AA levels, and ALOX12 expression (P < 0.05). Atorvastatin at various concentrations had no significant effects on AA levels or on cPLA2, ALOX15, and ALOX15B expressions. ALOX5 was not detected, despite multiple measurements. Pro‐inflammatory IL‐1β expression levels were upregulated by PA (P < 0.01) and attenuated by atorvastatin (P < 0.001). TNFα did not differ among groups. The expression levels of anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 decreased in response to PA (P < 0.05), but were not affected by atorvastatin. In conclusion, in an in vitro model of lipid accumulation in McA cells, atorvastatin reduced IL‐1β; however, its effect was not mediated by AA and the lipoxygenase pathway at the established doses and treatment duration. Further research is required to investigate time‐response data, as well as other drugs and integrated cell systems that could influence the lipoxygenase pathway and modulate inflammation in liver diseases.
3D Micropatterned Functional Surface Inspired by Salvinia Molesta via Direct Laser Lithography for Air Retention and Drag Reduction
Authors: Tricinci Omar , Pignatelli Francesca , Mattoli Virgilio
Published: January 2023

Bioinspired functional surfaces are attracting increasing interest in surface engineering, mostly in the field of wettability. The Salvinia‐effect is a remarkable example of superficial air retention and drag force reduction caused by selective chemical coating (super‐hydrophobic wax and hydrophilic dead cells) and peculiar 3D hierarchical morphological structures. The replication of Salvinia‐like patterns at the microscale has always been prevented by limitations in microfabrication techniques, thus hindering relevant technological applications at this dimensional scale. Integrating 3D laser lithography and traditional microfabrication techniques, dimensionally downscaled, 3D micropatterned surfaces inspired for the first time by both morphology and chemical coating of the hairs present on the Salvinia Molesta leaves are reproduced. The effect of design and different surface energies (bare hydrophilic, hydrophobic, selective hydrophilic/hydrophobic coating) on the wettability are modeled and investigated. Bioinspired surfaces demonstrated to be super‐hydrophobic in terms of apparent static contact angle (up to 170°) and provide tunable adhesion with roll‐off angle from less than 10° to 90°. They successfully proved remarkable underwater air retention capability, sustained by stable Cassie‐Baxter state under external hydrostatic pressure up to 4 atm. The proposed surfaces are tested in hydrodynamic conditions: drag force reduction is successfully demonstrated with up to 40% of energy saved.
Multivalent Lactobionic Acid and N‐Acetylgalactosamine‐Conjugated Peptide Nucleic Acids for Efficient In Vivo Targeting of Hepatocytes
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Wahane Aniket , Gupta Anisha , Manautou José E. , Bahal Raman
Published: January 2023

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are used/applied in various studies to target genomic DNA and RNA to modulate gene expression. Non‐specific targeting and rapid elimination always remain a challenge for PNA‐based applications. Here, the synthesis, characterization, in vitro and in vivo study of di lactobionic acid (diLBA) and tris N‐acetyl galactosamine (tGalNAc) conjugated PNAs for liver‐targeted delivery are reported. For proof of concept, diLBA, and tGalNAc conjugated PNAs (anti‐miR‐122 PNAs) were synthesized to target microRNA‐122 (miR‐122) which is over‐expressed in the hepatic tissue. Different lengths of anti‐miR‐122 PNAs conjugated with diLBA and tGalNAc are tested. Cell culture and in vivo analyses to determine biodistribution, efficacy, and toxicity profile are performed. This work indicates that diLBA conjugates show significant retention in hepatocytes in addition to tGalNAc conjugates after in vivo delivery. Full‐length PNA conjugates show significant downregulation of miR‐122 levels and subsequent de‐repression of its downstream targets with no evidence of toxicity. The results provide a robust framework for ligand‐conjugated delivery systems for PNAs that can be explored for broader biomedical applications.
Morphology Tuning via Linker Modulation: Metal‐Free Covalent Organic Nanostructures with Exceptional Chemical Stability for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Karak Shayan , Koner Kalipada , Karmakar Arun , Mohata Shibani , Nishiyama Yusuke , Duong Nghia Tuan , Thomas Neethu , Ajithkumar Thalasseril Govindankuttykaimal , Hossain Munshi Sahid , Bandyopadhyay Subhajit , Kundu Subrata , Banerjee Rahul
Published: January 2023

The development of synthetic routes for the formation of robust porous organic polymers (POPs) with well‐defined nanoscale morphology is fundamentally significant for their practical applications. The thermodynamic characteristics that arise from reversible covalent bonding impart intrinsic chemical instability in the polymers, thereby impeding their overall potential. Herein, a unique strategy is reported to overcome the stability issue by designing robust imidazole‐linked POPs via tandem reversible/irreversible bond formation. Incorporating inherent rigidity into the secondary building units leads to robust microporous polymeric nanostructures with hollow‐spherical morphologies. An in‐depth analysis by extensive solid‐state NMR (1D and 2D) study on 1H, 13C, and 14N nuclei elucidates the bonding and reveals the high purity of the newly designed imidazole‐based POPs. The nitrogen‐rich polymeric nanostructures are further used as metal‐free electrocatalysts for water splitting. In particular, the rigid POPs show excellent catalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with long‐term durability. Among them, the most efficient OER electrocatalyst (TAT‐TFBE) requires 314 mV of overpotential to drive 10 mA cm−2 current density, demonstrating its superiority over state‐of‐the‐art catalysts (RuO2 and IrO2).
Dual‐Mode Integrated Janus Films with Highly Efficient NaH2PO2‐Enhanced Infrared Radiative Cooling and Solar Heating for Year‐Round Thermal Management
Authors: Yang Peng , He Jiajun , Ju Yanshan , Zhang Qingyuan , Wu Yipeng , Xia Zhengcai , Chen Liang , Tang Shaochun
Published: January 2023

The currently available materials cannot meet the requirements of human thermal comfort against the hot and cold seasonal temperature fluctuations. In this study, a dual‐mode Janus film with a bonded interface to gain dual‐mode functions of both highly efficient radiative cooling and solar heating for year‐round thermal management is designed and prepared. The cooling side is achieved by embedding NaH2PO2 particles with high infrared radiation (IR) emittance into a porous polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film during pore formation process, which is reported for the first time to the knowledge. A synergistic enhancement of NaH2PO2 and 3D porous structure leads to efficient radiant cooling with high solar reflectance (R̅solar ≈ 92.6%) and high IR emittance (ε̅IR ≈ 97.2%), especially the ε̅IR value is much greater than that of the reported best porous polymer films. In outdoor environments under 750 mW cm−2 solar radiation, the dual‐mode Janus film shows subambient cooling temperature of ≈8.8 °C and heating temperature reaching ≈39.3 °C, indicating excellent thermal management capacity. A wide temperature range is obtained only by flipping the dual‐mode Janus film for thermal management. This work provides an advanced zero‐energy‐consumption human thermal management technique based on the high‐performance dual‐mode integrated Janus film material.
Direct‐Ink‐Write 3D Printing of Programmable Micro‐Supercapacitors from MXene‐Regulating Conducting Polymer Inks
Authors: Li Le , Meng Jian , Bao Xuran , Huang Yunpeng , Yan Xiu‐Ping , Qian Hai‐Long , Zhang Chao , Liu Tianxi
Published: January 2023

3D printing is gaining prospects thanks to the ease of manufacturing energy storage devices with programmable geometry at the macro‐ and microscales. Herein, a direct ink writing 3D printing approach for preparing all‐printed flexible micro‐supercapacitors is demonstrated using rationally designed poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/MXene composite gels as inks without the tedious processes and toxic organic additives. Among the printable inks, the homogeneously distributed MXene nanosheets can boost the printability of PEDOT:PSS solution and also regulate the interconnected electronic structures of the PEDOT:PSS undergoing a micellar to linear structure transition. The resulting 3D printed micro‐supercapacitors and integrated devices can deliver exceptionally large areal capacitances, remarkable rate performance, and high cycling stability with thickness‐independent capacitances even under exceptional deformations and low temperatures. This study thus provides a simple yet environmental‐friendly approach for preparing the conducting‐polymer‐based inks for 3D printing of customized, multiscale, and integrated energy devices.
African apes and the evolutionary history of orthogrady and bipedalism
Authors: Williams Scott A. , Prang Thomas Cody , Russo Gabrielle A. , Young Nathan M. , Gebo Daniel L.
Published: January 2023

Since the first discovery of human fossils in the mid‐19th century, two subjects—our phylogenetic relationship to living and fossil apes and the ancestral locomotor behaviors preceding bipedalism—have driven the majority of discourse in the study of human origins. With few fossils and thus limited comparative evidence available to inform or constrain them, morphologists of the 19th and early mid‐20th centuries posited a range of scenarios for the evolution of bipedalism. In contrast, there exists a rich hominin fossil record and the acceptance ofPan(chimpanzees and bonobos) as our closest living relatives is nearly universal, yet consensus about the ancestral condition from which hominins evolved remains elusive. Notably, while the earliest known hominins are generally congruent with parsimonious inferences of an African ape‐like last common ancestor, our more distantly related Miocene ape cousins are frequently invoked as evidence in favor of more complex scenarios that require substantial homoplasy. Debate over these alternatives suggests that how we infer ancestral nodes and weigh evidence to test their relative likelihoods remains a stumbling block. Here we argue that a key contributor to this impasse includes the history of terminology associated with positional behavior, which has become confused over the last century. We aim to clarify positional behavior concepts and contextualize knuckle‐walking and other forms of posture and locomotion chimpanzees and gorillas engage in, while arguing that the presence of homoplasy in ape evolution does not alter the weight of evidence in favor of an African ape‐like evolutionary history of hominins.
Dual cognitive and mobility impairments and future dementia ‐ Setting a research agenda
Authors: Tian Qu , Montero‐Odasso Manuel , Buchman Aron S. , Mielke Michelle M. , Espinoza Sara , DeCarli Charles S. , Newman Anne B. , Kritchevsky Stephen B. , Rebok George W. , Resnick Susan M. , Thambisetty Madhav , Verghese Joe , Ferrucci Luigi
Published: January 2023

Dual cognitive and mobility impairments are associated with an increased risk of dementia. Recent studies examining temporal trajectories of mobility and cognitive function in aging found that dual decline is associated with higher dementia risk than memory decline or gait decline only. Although initial data show that individuals with dual decline or impairment have excessive cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, the causes of dual decline or what underlies dual decline with a high risk of dementia remain largely unknown. In December 2021, the National Institute on Aging Intramural and Extramural Programs jointly organized a workshop on Biology Underlying Moving and Thinking to explore the hypothesis that older persons with dual decline may develop dementia through a specific pathophysiological pathway. The working group discussed assessment methods for dual decline and possible mechanisms connecting dual decline with dementia risk and pinpointed the most critical questions to be addressed from a translational perspective.
Economic Evaluation of a Mobile Stroke Unit Service in Germany
Authors: Oliveira Gonçalves Ana Sofia , Rohmann Jessica L. , Piccininni Marco , Kurth Tobias , Ebinger Martin , Endres Matthias , Freitag Erik , Harmel Peter , Lorenz‐Meyer Irina , Rohrpasser‐Napierkowski Ira , Busse Reinhard , Audebert Heinrich J.
Published: January 2023

Background

Lower global disability and higher quality of life among ischemic stroke patients was found to be associated with the dispatch of mobile stroke units (MSUs) among patients eligible for recanalizing treatments in the Berlin_Prehospital Or Usual Delivery of stroke care (B_PROUD) study. The current study assessed the cost‐utility and cost‐effectiveness of additional MSU dispatch using data from this prospective, controlled, intervention study.

Methods

Outcomes considered in the economic evaluation included quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) derived from the 3‐level version of EQ‐5D (EQ‐5D‐3L) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores for functional outcomes 3‐months after stroke. Costs were prospectively collected during the study by the MSU provider (Berlin Fire Brigade) and the B_PROUD research team. We focus our results on the societal perspective. As we aimed to determine the economic consequences of the intervention beyond the study's follow‐up period, both care costs and QALYs were extrapolated over 5 years.

Results

The additional MSU dispatch resulted in an incremental €40,984 per QALY. The best‐case scenario and the worst‐case scenario yielded additional costs of, respectively, €24,470.76 and €61,690.88 per QALY. In the cost‐effectiveness analysis, MSU dispatch resulted in incremental costs of €81,491 per survival without disability. The best‐case scenario and the worst‐case scenario yielded additional costs of, respectively, €44,455.30 and €116,491.15 per survival without disability.

Interpretation

Among patients eligible for recanalizing treatments in ischemic stroke, MSU dispatch was associated with both higher QALYs and higher costs and is cost‐effective when considering internationally accepted thresholds ranging from an additional €40,000 to €80,000 per QALY. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:942–951
Virtual Excitations and Entanglement Dynamics and Polygamy in Three Ultra‐Strongly Coupled Systems
Authors: Hab‐arrih Radouan , Jellal Ahmed
Published: January 2023

The Milburn dynamics of three non resonant ultra‐strongly coupled oscillators are resolved by using symplectic geometry. The Milburn dynamics of virtual excitations and how they affect the pairwise entanglement are looked at. It is found that the dynamics of excitations and entanglement experience similar profiles against time, physical parameters, and decoherence rate. Furthermore, it is shown that the extinction of excitations entails separability, which demonstrates the hierarchy between entanglement and virtual excitations. Additionally, the effects of physical parameters on the redistribution of virtual excitations among the three bi‐partitions are analyzed. As a result, the violation of the monogamy of excitations is shown as in quantum discord. This implies that excitations can be considered as signatures of quantum correlations beyond entanglement. Besides, it is emphasized that the treatment can be used to model coupled quantum circuits in real situations (with decoherence).
Development of a General and Selective Nanostructured Cobalt Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Benzofurans, Indoles and Benzothiophenes
Authors: Zhou Bei , Chandrashekhar Vishwas G. , Ma Zhuang , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Bartling Stephan , Lund Henrik , Beller Matthias , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V.
Published: January 2023

The selective hydrogenation of benzofurans in the presence of a heterogeneous non‐noble metal catalyst is reported. The developed optimal catalytic material consists of cobalt‐cobalt oxide core–shell nanoparticles supported on silica, which has been prepared by the immobilization and pyrolysis of cobalt‐DABCO‐citric acid complex on silica under argon at 800 °C. This novel catalyst allows for the selective hydrogenation of simple and functionalized benzofurans to 2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans as well as related heterocycles. The versatility of the reported protocol is showcased by the reduction of selected drugs and deuteration of heterocycles. Further, the stability, recycling, and reusability of the Co‐nanocatalyst are demonstrated.
Beyond Microporosity in Porous Organic Molecular Materials (POMMs)
Authors: Halliwell Chris , Soria Jesus Ferrando , Fernandez Antonio
Published: January 2023

Porous organic molecular materials (POMMs) are a novel class of porous materials that cover a wide range of organic‐based molecular building blocks connected through weak supramolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, π‐π stacking, van der Waals and electrostatic interactions. Despite of their diverse chemical and structural nature, common features to POMMs include solution processability, crystallinity and microporosity. Herein, we focus, for the first time, on the advance of the field of POMMs beyond the archetypical microporosity. In particular, we highlight relevant examples of meso‐ and macroporous POMMs, as well as hierchachical ones (micro‐/meso‐, micro‐/macro‐ and meso‐/macroporous). We also remark some of their unique properties, and how they can be key in many applications.
Silver‐Mediated Cascade Synthesis of Functionalized 1,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐benzo‐1,3‐oxazin‐2‐ones from Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Li Xuetong , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: January 2023

A conceptually novel catalytic domino approach is presented for the synthesis of highly functional 1,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3‐benzoxazine‐2‐one derivatives. Key to the chemoselectivity is a proper design of the precursor to override thermodynamically favored parasitic cyclization processes and empower the formation of the desired product through Thorpe–Ingold effects. The synthetic diversity of these CO2‐based heterocycles is further demonstrated, and the isolation of a reaction intermediate supports an unusual ring‐expansion sequence from an α‐alkylidene, five‐membered cyclic carbonate to a six‐membered cyclic carbamate by N‐induced isomerization.
Environmental DNA survey to detect an endemic cryptic fish, Anablepsoides cryptocallus, in tropical freshwater streams
Authors: Baudry Thomas , Mauvisseau Quentin , Arqué Alexandre , Goût Jean‐Pierre , Delaunay Carine , de Boer Hugo J. , Grandjean Frédéric
Published: January 2023

Martinique island is a biodiversity hotspot in the Lesser Antilles that harbours many endemic species. One of these, Anablepsoides cryptocallus, also known as ‘Poisson gale’, is the only endemic freshwater fish of Martinique and a species with a poorly understood distribution range.

In this study, an environmental DNA (eDNA) detection protocol was developed, validated, and optimized, targeting a short fragment (125 bp) of the A. cryptocallus COI mitochondrial gene, to investigate the presence of this species in Martinique. Fifty‐seven sites spread over 43 permanent rivers and two wetlands were sampled using both eDNA and conventional fishing (dip net capture).

Presence was confirmed in 27 sites using eDNA detection, and in nine sites by dip net fishing. eDNA‐based detection of A. cryptocallus was effective and less time‐consuming than conventional fishing, making it a relevant tool for future studies throughout the island. Even though A. cryptocallus was found to be present in a significant number of sites, many sites previously known for this species were found to be negative, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring.

There is now an urgent need to propose protection status for this endemic species to preserve its preferential habitats, as these are being increasingly threatened by human activities that are leading to habitat loss and fragmentation.