bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colloidal adsorption in planar polymeric brushes
Authors: Vorsmann Clemens Franz , Del Galdo Sara , Capone Barbara , Locatelli Emanuele
Published: October 2023

Polymer brushes interact with colloids and adsorb them. Replacing colloids with monomers in poor solvent, we develop an analytical theory for diblock copolymer brushes and remap the system to a blob model that allows for scaling predictions.
PI/TiC/TiO2 with Z-scheme heterostructure for the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes
Authors: Yu Taoming , Liu Li , Wang Yuehui , Zhang Shiwen , Li Lili , Liang Ce
Published: October 2023

The Z-scheme heterojunction PI/TiC/TiO2 photocatalyst with TiC acting as an electronic transmission bridge exhibited efficient photocatalytic performance.
One-step synthesis of Ling's tetrol and its conversion into A,D-di-allo-α-cyclodextrin derivatives
Authors: Zorck Waldemar Frederik , Pedersen Martin Jæger , Bols Mikael
Published: October 2023

Ling's tetrol was prepared in 59% yield and used in the synthesis of unique cyclodextrin derivatives.
Poly(acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)-grafted chitosan hydrogels for effective adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of dyes
Authors: Phonlakan Kunlarat , Meetam Panjalak , Chonlaphak Rungthip , Kongseng Piyawan , Chantarak Sirinya , Budsombat Surangkhana
Published: October 2023

P(AA-co-AMPS)-grafted chitosan hydrogels and the consequent ZnO/hydrogel composites have been shown to be effective dye adsorbents and photocatalysts in wastewater treatment.
A useful strategy for synthesis of the disaccharide of OSW-1
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhang Yan , He Xiangyan
Published: October 2023

A flexible, efficient, and practical synthesis route was developed to synthesize an OSW-1 disaccharide.
Synthesis of optically active star polymers consisting of helical poly(phenylacetylene) chains by the living polymerization of phenylacetylenes and their chiroptical properties
Authors: Inaba Ayato , Nishimura Tatsuya , Yamamoto Masato , Das Sandip , Yurtsever Ayhan , Miyata Kazuki , Fukuma Takeshi , Kawaguchi Seigo , Kikuchi Moriya , Taniguchi Tsuyoshi , Maeda Katsuhiro
Published: October 2023

Star polymers with precisely controlled helical poly(phenylacetylene) arms were synthesized and exhibited chiral amplification compared with the corresponding linear polymers.
Melamine-cored glucosides for membrane protein solubilization and stabilization: importance of water-mediated intermolecular hydrogen bonding in detergent performance
Authors: Ghani Lubna , Kim Seonghoon , Ehsan Muhammad , Lan Baoliang , Poulsen Ida H. , Dev Chandra , Katsube Satoshi , Byrne Bernadette , Guan Lan , Loland Claus J. , Liu Xiangyu , Im Wonpil , Chae Pil Seok
Published: October 2023

A melamine-based glucoside, MG-C11, has the ability to form a dynamic hydrogen-bonding network between detergent molecules, responsible for the markedly enhanced efficacy for GPCR stabilization compared to LMNG and previously developed TTG-C11.
A proxy for oxygen storage capacity from high-throughput screening and automated data analysis
Authors: Quayle Jack J. , Katsoulidis Alexandros P. , Claridge John B. , York Andrew P. E. , Thompsett David , Rosseinsky Matthew J.
Published: October 2023

A quantitative proxy model for the slow-to-measure oxygen storage capacity was developed using only fast-to-measure metrics taken from a workflow consisting of high-throughput synthesis, high-throughput screening techniques and automated analysis.
Learning to write with the fluid rope trick
Authors: Chaudhary Gaurav , Christ Stephanie , Hart A. John , Mahadevan L.
Published: October 2023

How can we write or even paint at a distance, in the style of Pollock? A reinforcement learning approach enables the control of the coils that are formed when a viscous jet drips from a height as demonstrated via simulations and experiments.
The pH responsiveness of fluorescein loaded in polysaccharide composite films
Authors: Takagi Konatsu , Sagawa Takuya , Hashizume Mineo
Published: October 2023

Polysaccharide composite films loading fluorescein (FL) were fabricated. In addition to the film properties such as swelling and FL release behaviours, the ionization behaviour of FL in the films depending on external pH was investigated.
An actionable definition and criteria for “sustainable chemistry” based on literature review and a global multisectoral stakeholder working group
Authors: Cannon Amy , Edwards Sally , Jacobs Molly , Moir Jonathon W. , Roy Monika A. , Tickner Joel A.
Published: October 2023

Sustainable chemistry is the development and application of chemicals, chemical processes, and products that benefit current and future generations without harmful impacts to humans or ecosystems.
18.73% efficiency organic solar cells with a medium bandgap acceptor as a third component
Authors: Zhang Zheling , Zhang Yang , Deng Zhenqi , Huang Tianhuan , Wang Dongjie , Zhang Xiaoling , Liao Qiaogan , Zhang Jian
Published: October 2023

By introducing a third component, a ternary blend film was optimized to enhance the efficiency of organic solar cells with all-around increased photovoltaic performance parameters.
Cu2ZnSnS4 monograin layer solar cells for flexible photovoltaic applications
Authors: Kauk-Kuusik Marit , Timmo Kristi , Pilvet Maris , Muska Katri , Danilson Mati , Krustok Jüri , Josepson Raavo , Mikli Valdek , Grossberg-Kuusk Maarja
Published: October 2023

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the significant advancements made in CZTS monograin powder technology and its applications in flexible solar cells over the past decade.
Deposition of Pd nanoparticles on 2D Ni–Fe-MOF ultrathin nanosheets for efficient N-alkylation of amines by alcohols under visible light
Authors: Yuan Yun , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Hurunqing , Li Zhaohui
Published: October 2023

Pd/Ni–Fe-MOF NSs exhibit superior performance for light initiated N-alkylation of amines by alcohols due to its ultrathin nanosheet morphology to shorten transport path for photogenerated charge carriers and maximize exposed catalytic active sites.
Constructing carbon nanotube-optimized hollow Ti3C2 MXene hierarchical conductive networks for robust lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Liu Ran , Zhai Shengjun , Ye Zimujun , Liu Mengzhu , Xu Yang , Li Changwen , Wang Xianbao , Mei Tao
Published: October 2023

Ti2C2@N-CNT composites enhanced the adsorption and catalytic conversion of LiPSs, and simultaneously facilitated rapid ion diffusion and electron transfer. The reversible capacity reached 4.3 mA h cm−2 at a sulfur content of 4.8 mg cm−2.
High-performance ultrathin perfluorinated sulfonic acid membranes with thermo-morphology control for a vanadium redox flow battery
Authors: Kim Jongmin Q. , Rho Yecheol , So Soonyong , Choi Siyoung Q.
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate the morphology control of pre-aligned hydrophilic channels of ultrathin (∼30 nm) perfluorinated sulfonic acid membranes leading to enhancement of ion-selectivity and vanadium redox flow battery cell performance.
High capacity/reversible Fe/Sn alloys for Na-storage anodes enabled by thermal reaction and then anchoring on exfoliated graphite
Authors: Zeng Tianbiao , Zhu Xinxin , Wang Xintong , Zhang Lichen , Ding Yihong , Jin Huile
Published: October 2023

The synthesis processes of Sn-based alloys have emerged as high-capacity, low-working voltage anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), rate cycling performance of FSS-3 and FSS-3/G-15%, the comparison of FSS-3/G-15% with recently reported transition metal-containing alloy anodes.
Boosting photoelectrochemical water oxidation by sandwiching gold nanoparticles between BiVO4 and NiFeOOH
Authors: Yin Hang , Guo Yanzhen , Zhang Nan , Wang Yuyang , Zhang Shouren , Jiang Ruibin
Published: October 2023

A BiVO4/Au/NiFeOOH sandwich structure is constructed for enhanced PEC water oxidation. The generation of hot holes and tuning electronic states of Ni and Fe in NiFeOOH by Au NPs greatly enhance the OER activity.
A metal–organic framework complex for enhancing tumor treatments through synergistic effect of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Jiang Xiang , Zhao Yuewu , Sun Shengkai , Wang Li , Sun Lina , Li Wenjing , Wang Zheng , Wang Jine , Pei Renjun
Published: October 2023

The La-TCPP@DOX@Apt composite nanomaterial not only avoid the side effects caused by high concentration chemotherapeutic drugs, but also can effectively inhibit and kill solid tumors under the synergistic attack of CD and PDT.
Crystal growth, structural and electronic characterizations of zero-dimensional metal halide (TEP)InBr4 single crystals for X-ray detection
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Pugliano Tony M. , Cao Da , Kim Doup , Annam Roshan S. , Popy Dilruba A. , Pinky Tamanna , Yang Ge , Garg Jivtesh , Borunda Mario F. , Saparov Bayram
Published: October 2023

A new 0D metal halide (TEP)InBr4 is reported. Structural and electronic properties were studied. The fabricated X-ray detector using a (TEP)InBr4 single crystal showed a detection sensitivity of 569.85 μC Gy−1 cm−2 at E = 100 V mm−1.
Activating mutations drive human MEK1 kinase using a gear-shifting mechanism
Authors: Patil Keshav , Wang Yiming , Chen Zhangtao , Suresh Krishna , Radhakrishnan Ravi
Published: October 2023

There is an unmet need to classify cancer-promoting kinase mutations in a mechanistically cognizant way. The challenge is to understand how mutations stabilize different kinase configurations to alter function, and how this influences pathogenic potential of the kinase and its responses to therapeutic inhibitors. This goal is made more challenging by the complexity of the mutational landscape of diseases, and is further compounded by the conformational plasticity of each variant where multiple conformations coexist. We focus here on the human MEK1 kinase, a vital component of the RAS/MAPK pathway in which mutations cause cancers and developmental disorders called RASopathies. We sought to explore how these mutations alter the human MEK1 kinase at atomic resolution by utilizing enhanced sampling simulations and free energy calculations. We computationally mapped the different conformational stabilities of individual mutated systems by delineating the free energy landscapes, and showed how this relates directly to experimentally quantified developmental transformation potentials of the mutations. We conclude that mutations leverage variations in the hydrogen bonding network associated with the conformational plasticity to progressively stabilize the active-like conformational state of the kinase while destabilizing the inactive-like state. The mutations alter residue-level internal molecular correlations by differentially prioritizing different conformational states, delineating the various modes of MEK1 activation reminiscent of a gear-shifting mechanism. We define the molecular basis of conversion of this kinase from its inactive to its active state, connecting structure, dynamics, and function by delineating the energy landscape and conformational plasticity, thus augmenting our understanding of MEK1 regulation.
Genetic modifiers of repeat expansion disorders
Authors: Rajagopal Sangeerthana , Donaldson Jasmine , Flower Michael , Hensman Moss Davina J. , Tabrizi Sarah J.
Published: October 2023

Repeat expansion disorders (REDs) are monogenic diseases caused by a sequence of repetitive DNA expanding above a pathogenic threshold. A common feature of the REDs is a strong genotype–phenotype correlation in which a major determinant of age at onset (AAO) and disease progression is the length of the inherited repeat tract. Over a disease-gene carrier's life, the length of the repeat can expand in somatic cells, through the process of somatic expansion which is hypothesised to drive disease progression. Despite being monogenic, individual REDs are phenotypically variable, and exploring what genetic modifying factors drive this phenotypic variability has illuminated key pathogenic mechanisms that are common to this group of diseases. Disease phenotypes are affected by the cognate gene in which the expansion is found, the location of the repeat sequence in coding or non-coding regions and by the presence of repeat sequence interruptions. Human genetic data, mouse models and in vitro models have implicated the disease-modifying effect of DNA repair pathways via the mechanisms of somatic mutation of the repeat tract. As such, developing an understanding of these pathways in the context of expanded repeats could lead to future disease-modifying therapies for REDs.
Vocabulary Instruction Embedded in Narrative Intervention: A Repeated Acquisition Design Study With First Graders at Risk of Language-Based Reading Difficulty
Authors: Spencer Trina D. , Kirby Megan S. , Petersen Douglas B.
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of vocabulary instruction embedded in the narrative intervention on the immediate and retained definitional knowledge of taught words for first graders at risk for language-related reading difficulties.

Method:

We employed a repeated acquisition design with innovative quality features and supplemental statistics with 11 treatment students and three control students. In the context of the school's multitiered system of supports, treatment students received 30-min small group interventions, 4 days a week for 12 weeks. Intervention involved story retelling and personal story generation lessons, both of which emphasized the learning and practicing of target vocabulary words in each story. Pre- and postprobes of the taught definitions were conducted every week.

Results:

According to visual analysis conventions of single-case research, there was a consistent pattern of improvement from pre- to postprobes for all treatment participants, but for none of the control participants. Retention was also consistently observed, when measured at Week 13. Supplemental statistics confirmed that large effects were associated with the intervention.

Conclusion:

Vocabulary instruction embedded in narrative intervention led to meaningful acquisition and retention of taught vocabulary for students at risk of language-based reading difficulty.
The quantum internet: A synergy of quantum information technologies and 6G networks
Authors: Rozenman Georgi Gary , Kundu Neel Kanth , Liu Ruiqi , Zhang Leyi , Maslennikov Alona , Reches Yuval , Youm Heung Youl
Published: October 2023

The quantum internet is a cutting‐edge paradigm that uses the unique characteristics of quantum technology to radically alter communication networks. This new network type is expected to collaborate with 6G networks, creating a synergy that will fundamentally alter how we communicate, engage, and trade information. The improved security, increased speed, and increased network capacity of the quantum internet will lead to the emergence of a broad variety of new applications and services. The current state of quantum technology and its integration with 6G networks are summarised in this study, with an emphasis on the key challenges and untapped possibilities. The main goal is to get knowledge about how the quantum internet might impact communication in the future and alter several economic and societal sectors.
A new simulation methodology for generating accurate drone micro‐Doppler with experimental validation
Authors: Moore Matthew , Robertson Duncan A. , Rahman Samiur
Published: October 2023

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, or drones, pose a significant threat to privacy and security. To understand and assess this threat, classification between different drone models and types is required. One way in which this has been demonstrated experimentally is through this use of micro‐Doppler information from radars. Classifiers capable of exploiting differences in micro‐Doppler spectra will require large amounts of data but obtaining such data experimentally is expensive and time consuming. The authors present the methodology and results of a drone micro‐Doppler simulation framework which uses accurate 3D models of drone components to yield detailed and realistic synthetic micro‐Doppler signatures. This is followed by the description of a purpose‐built validation radar that has been developed specifically to gather high‐fidelity experimental drone micro‐Doppler data with which is used to validate the simulation. Detailed comparisons between the experimental and simulated micro‐Doppler spectra from three models of drones with differently shaped propellers are given, showing very good agreement. The aim is to introduce the simulation methodology. Validation using single propeller micro‐Doppler is provided, although the simulation can be extended to multiple propellers. The simulation framework offers the potential to generate large quantities of realistic drone micro‐Doppler signatures for training classification algorithms.
Privacy‐preserving peak time forecasting with Learning to Rank XGBoost and extensive feature engineering
Authors: Semmelmann Leo , Resch Oliver , Henni Sarah , Weinhardt Christof
Published: October 2023

In modern power systems, predicting the time when peak loads will occur is crucial for improving efficiency and minimising the possibility of network sections becoming overloaded. However, most works in the load forecasting field are not focusing on a dedicated peak time forecast and are not dealing with load data privacy. At the same time, developing methods for forecasting peak electricity usage that protect customers' data privacy is essential since it could encourage customers to share their energy usage data, leading to more data points for the effective management and planning of power grids. Hence, the authors employ a dedicated Learning to Rank XGBoost algorithm to forecast peak times with only ranks of loads instead of absolute load magnitudes as input data, thereby offering potential privacy‐preserving properties. We show that the presented Learning to Rank XGBoost model yields comparable results to a benchmark XGBoost load forecasting model. Additionally, we describe our extensive feature engineering process and a state‐of‐the‐art Bayesian hyperparameter optimisation for selecting model parameters, which leads to a significant improvement of forecasting accuracy. Our method was used in the context of the final round of the international BigDEAL load forecasting challenge 2022, where we consistently achieved high‐ranking results in the peak time track and an overall fourth rank in the peak load forecasting track with our general XGBoost model.
From “De la pression des terres et des revêtements” to the seismic analysis of retaining structures
Authors: Callisto Luigi
Published: October 2023

In his Essai, Charles-Augustin Coulomb showed that the earth pressure on a retaining wall can be calculated maximising the force obtained by considering equilibrium and strength compatibility. This same approach is still of practical relevance in some design situations and, more importantly, its basic assumptions have paved the road for the numerous successive developments that lead, among other factors, to consideration of the changes in earth pressure induced by seismic forces. A modern approach to the seismic design of structures entails the evaluation of their performance under different shaking intensities, including seismic actions strong enough to activate the system resistance. This paper intends to show that the basic ingredients of the Coulomb’s analysis, that is, equilibrium and strength compatibility, can be used in a rational way not only to predict limit values of the earth pressure, but also to evaluate the performance of retaining structures subjected to moderate and severe seismic actions.
Galileo, Coulomb, the origins of Yield Design Analyses
Authors: Salençon Jean
Published: October 2023

The Memoir presented to the French Academy of Sciences by Coulomb in 1773 is often considered as the starting point for “yield design” stability analyses in geotechnics and, more generally, in various fields of civil and construction engineering. In thisEssai(1773), Coulomb implemented a reasoning based on the necessary condition that the equilibrium of the structure under study and the resistance of its constituent materials should be mathematically compatible with each other. A previous out sketch of this rationale can be identified in Galileo’s solution to the problem of the bearing capacity of a cantilever beam in theDiscorsi(1638). In the present contribution, after outlining the philosophy of Galileo’s argument, we will highlight Coulomb’s clarifying insight and essential input before the fundamental concepts of the mechanics of continuous media, such as the notion of stress and the principle of virtual velocities, were established. Various aspects of yield design or “limit equilibrium” stability analyses in geotechnics will be evoked. The theory of Yield design, in line with Coulomb’s reasoning, will be briefly presented, making it possible, in particular, to overcome the difficulties encountered when implementing “classical” methods and clarifying a possible confusion with the mathematical theory of plasticity.
An adaptation of Limit Equilibrium Methods for the design of soil-nailed walls facings
Authors: de Sauvage Jean
Published: October 2023

Soil nailing is a technique developed in France during the 1970s for the retainment of excavations. The nails are steel bars introduced in the soil and preventing the soil mass to fail. Such structures are often designed through classical slope stability analysis software, i.e. based on Limit Equilibrium. The tension in the nails is generally considered equal to the maximum tensile forces admissible in the reinforcement. Yet, the service loads in the reinforcements are generally smaller than the calculated ones, especially at the bottom of the excavation because of the construction phasing. This is critical for the design of the facing and Limit Equilibrium based software need to be adapted by considering the construction phasing to modulate the mobilization of reinforcements. Based on the study of soil nailed walls through real-scale experiments, centrifuge and numerical modelling, an improvement of the limit equilibrium classical design is proposed. The software used was PROSPER, developed by Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées in the 1990s. The particularity of PROSPER is to derive the reactions of the nail by imposing a displacement of the failing soil mass. This displacement is generally considered as homogenous along the failure surface. However, considering a high displacement for the top nails (fully mobilized) and a small one for the bottom nails (partially mobilized) provide a relevant distribution of soil nail tensile forces. A distribution is proposed for such displacement and this design approach has been tested on an experimental wall, providing an efficient and time-saving design of soil-nailed walls.
Design, fabrication and preliminary testing of plasmonic luminescent solar concentrator devices
Authors: Glenn Aaron , Chandra Subhash , McCormack Sarah
Published: October 2023

This paper details the design process, fabrication, optimisation and early-stage performance testing of Luminescent and Plasmonic Luminescent Solar Concentrator (LSC & PLSC) devices. A PLSC is a novel approach to solar concentrator technologies that utilizes the principles of luminescence and plasmonics to enhance the devices' solar energy conversion efficiency. This research analyses various mould dimensions, materials and lightguide fabrication methodologies to ensure equivalent LSC/PLSC devices were created in a reproducible method. The optimisation was an iterative process throughout the production and testing stages after which a 100 × 100 × 5 mm PLSC was identified as the optimal for a rooftop installation. To ensure consistency in production as well as assessing the practicality of PLSC installations for building integration, performance testing has been conducted in both indoor and outdoor environments. Additionally, the lifespan of the devices are currently being investigated through ongoing performance evaluations. The incorporation of a reflective backplate has resulted in device efficiency improvements between 14–18% during indoor tests and was consequently included for all devices during outdoor performance analysis. Power conversion efficiencies of 2.3% and 1.7% have been recorded in sub-optimal conditions as well as concentration ratios of 11 and 9 for the PLSC and LSC devices respectively.
Berthold Kihn (1895–1964): Profil eines
NS-„Euthanasie“-Täters
Authors: Braun Birgit , Knoepffler Nikolaus
Published: October 2023

Einleitung In der Geschichtswissenschaft besteht noch immer kein
vollständiger Konsens, wie sich der Übergang von eugenisch
begründeter Sterilisationspraxis zur „Euthanasie“
interpretieren lässt. Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels ist es daher,
dieser konkreten Fragestellung kritisch-historisch nachzugehen. Hierzu dient das
Täterprofil Berthold Kihns, wobei vor allem hervorzuheben ist, dass sich
Kihns Weg in den „Euthanasie“-„Abgrund“ ohne
eine primäre eugenische Ausrichtung entwickelte.

Methoden Es erfolgte Literatur- und Archivstudium. Erstmalig wurden auch
relevante fränkische und familienarchivarische Quellen einbezogen. Zudem
wurden Dokumente des Universitätsarchivs Jena mit solchen der
Konzentrationslager Buchenwald und Oranienburg verglichen.

Ergebnisse Nach beruflichen und privaten Dilemmata setzte der
Neuroinfektiologe Kihn einen neuen pseudowissenschaftlichen Schwerpunkt hin zur
„Ausschaltung der Minderwertigen aus der Gesellschaft“. Neben
Kihns etwa seit der Jahrtausendwende zweifelsfrei wissenschaftlich belegter
Rolle bei der zentralen „Euthanasie“ und der
„Kinder-Euthanasie“ finden sich aktuell auch Hinweise auf seine
Beteiligung an der dezentralen „Euthanasie“. Dies wird anhand
des prominenten Patienten Felix von Papen aufgezeigt.

Diskussion Kihn gehörte weder zu den etablierten Rassenhygienikern
noch zu den wissenschaftlich angesehenen Erbbiologen und Eugenikern.
Karrierestrategisch sprang er auf eine sich abzeichnende staatspolitisch
geförderte Bewegung auf. Hierfür mitverantwortlich mag seine
berufliche sowie private Sackgassen-Situation gewesen sein.

Schluss Weiterführend vergleichende Profilerstellung von
NS-„Euthanasie“-Tätern ist ein Forschungs-Desiderat. Sie
kann dazu beitragen, der immer noch unzureichend geklärten Frage der
Eugenik-„Entartung“ hin zur „Euthanasie“
differenzierter zu begegnen.
Frühkindliche Regulationsstörung –
bedürfnisorientierte Betreuung im Wochenbett
Authors: Dotzauer Daniela
Published: October 2023

Frühkindliche Regulationsstörungen betreffen jede vierte bis
fünfte Familie und sind ein wichtiges Beratungsthema. Sie
äußern sich phasentypisch in Schrei-, Schlaf-, Fütter- oder
Verhaltensproblemen. Je nach Ausmaß kann dies eine Familie schwer belasten,
die Eltern-Kind-Beziehung beeinträchtigen, zu
Überforderungssituationen oder Krisen führen. Persistierende
Regulationsstörungen können in Entwicklungsdefiziten und
späteren Verhaltensauffälligkeiten resultieren. Die Autorin
vermittelt anschaulich, wie Sie Eltern adäquat beraten – von der
frühkindlichen Regulationsproblematik über die Schnittstelle zum
altersgemäßem Säuglingsschlaf bis ins zweite Lebensjahr.
MASLD – Prävention und ernährungsmedizinische
Behandlungsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Roeb Elke
Published: October 2023

Diese Übersicht nutzt die neue Nomenklatur der Fettlebererkrankungen, die
im Juni 2023 von der amerikanischen Lebergesellschaft AASLD und der
europäischen Lebergesellschaft EASL in einem umfangreichen
Konsensusverfahren etabliert wurde. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS)
unterstützt die neue Namensgebung mit Nachdruck.

Körperliche Inaktivität, zunehmendes Körpergewicht und
höheres Lebensalter haben in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einem Anstieg
der Prävalenz der metabolischen Dysfunktion assoziierten
Fettlebererkrankung (MASLD) geführt. In vielen Industrieländern
ist die MASLD inzwischen die häufigste chronische Lebererkrankung. MASLD
ist eine Form der steatotischen Lebererkrankung, die eng mit
Stoffwechselkrankheiten wie Typ-2-Diabetes, Dyslipidämie und Adipositas
verbunden ist. Sie wird daher auch als metabolisch assoziierte Fettleber
bezeichnet 1.
Analyse der BTHG-bezogenen Chancen und Grenzen für die
Suchthilfe
Authors: Gellert-Beckmann Stefanie
Published: October 2023

Mit dem Bundesteilhabegesetz (BTHG) sind die Leistungen der Eingliederungshilfe
(EGH) aus dem Sozialhilfegesetz SGB XII in das Rehabilitations- und
Teilhaberecht (SGB IX) überführt worden. Sie sind somit keine
Fürsorgeleistungen mehr, sondern müssen den Rechtsanspruch auf
Selbstbestimmung, Teilhabe und Partizipation einlösen. Zudem soll die
Ausgabendynamik der EGH gebremst werden. Zur Umsetzung der Leitideen dienen u.
a. vertragliche Regelungen, die den allgemein anerkannten Stand der fachlichen
Erkenntnisse der EGH bei der Leistungserbringung gewährleisten und
parallel eine finanzielle Steuerung ermöglichen sollen. Die Suchthilfe
muss den Paradigmenwechsel des BTHG fachlich integrieren. Im vorliegenden
Beitrag werden wesentliche Konzepte und Ansätze der Suchthilfe und aus
angrenzenden Fachgebieten in Bezug auf die Prämissen und Ziele des BTHG
diskutiert und die sich ergebenden Chancen vorgestellt.
Correct and Incorrect Recommendations for or against Fine Needle Biopsies of Hypofunctioning Thyroid Nodules: Performance of Different Ultrasound-based Risk Stratification Systems
Authors: Petersen Manuela , Schenke Simone A. , Seifert Philipp , Stahl Alexander R. , Görges Rainer , Grunert Michael , Klemenz Burkhard , Kreissl Michael C. , Zimny Michael
Published: October 2023

Purpose To evaluate the recommendations for or against fine needle biopsy (FNB) of hypofunctioning thyroid nodules (TNs) using of five different Ultrasound (US) -based risk stratification systems (RSSs).

Methods German multicenter study with 563 TNs (≥ 10 mm) in 534 patients who underwent thyroid US and surgery. All TNs were evaluated with ACR TI-RADS, EU-TIRADS, ATA, K-TIRADS 2016 and modified K-TIRADS 2021. A correct recommendation was defined as: malignant TN with recommendation for FNB (appropriate) or benign TN without recommendation for FNB (avoided). An incorrect recommendation was defined as: malignant TN without recommendation for FNB (missed) or benign TN with recommendation for FNB (unnecessary).

Results ACR TI-RADS demonstrated the highest rate of correct (42.3 %) and lowest rate of incorrect recommendations (57.7 %). The other RRSs showed similar results for correct (26.5 %–35.7 %) and incorrect (64.3 %–73.5 %) recommendations. ACR TI-RADS demonstrated the lowest rate of unnecessary (73.4 %) and the highest rate of appropriate (26.6 %) FNB recommendation. For other RSSs, the rates of unnecessary and appropriate FNB were between 75.2 %–77.1 % and 22.9 %–24.8 %. The lowest rate of missed FNB (14.7 %) and the highest rate of avoided FNB (85.3 %) was found for ACR TI-RADS. For the other RSSs, the rates of missed and avoided FNB were between 17.8 %–26.9 % and 73.1 %–82.2 %. When the size cutoff was disregarded, an increase of correct recommendations and a decrease of incorrect recommendations was observed for all RSSs.

Conclusion The RSSs vary in their ability to correctly recommend for or against FNB. An understanding of the impact of nodule size cutoffs seems necessary for the future of TIRADS.
DGN-Handlungsempfehlung (S1-Leitlinie): Radiojodtherapie bei benignen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen (Stand 6/2022 – AWMF-Registernummer: 031-003)
Authors: Dietlein M. , Grünwald F. , Schmidt M. , Kreissl M. C. , Luster M. ,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie e. V. (DGAV),   Chirurgische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Endokrinologie (CAEK) der DGAV,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie e. V. (DGCH),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Endokrinologie e. V. (DGE)
Published: October 2023

Diese Version der Leitlinie zur Radiojodtherapie bei benignen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen ist ein Update der Version, die im Jahr 2015 durch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin (DGN) in Abstimmung mit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Endokrinologie (DGE, Sektion Schilddrüse) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV) publiziert worden war. Die Leitlinie ist mit den Empfehlungen der European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) harmonisiert worden. Nach der „Richtlinie Strahlenschutz in der Medizin“ ist die „rechtfertigende Indikation“ zur Radiojodtherapie durch einen fachkundigen Arzt („Fachkunde in der Therapie mit offenen radioaktiven Stoffen“) zu stellen. Daher werden Indikationen zur Radiojodtherapie und alternative Behandlungsmöglichkeiten in dieser Leitlinie diskutiert. Die Leitlinie wurde von einer Expertengruppe im informellen Konsens verabschiedet und entspricht damit einer Verfahrensanweisung der ersten Stufe (S1) nach den Kriterien der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF).
Benchmarks for Pediatric Surgical Registries: Recommendations for the Assessment and Grading of Complications
Authors: Madadi-Sanjani Omid , Ure Benno M.
Published: October 2023

Procedure-related registries in general surgical practice offer a platform for prospective trials, the pooling of data, and detailed outcome analysis. Recommendations by the Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, and Long-term follow-up (IDEAL) collaboration and Outcome4Medicine have further improved the uniform reporting of complications and adverse events.

In the pediatric surgical network, disease-specific registries for rare and inherited congenital anomalies are gaining importance, fostering international collaborations on studies of low-incidence diseases. However, to date, reporting of complications in the pediatric surgical registries has been inconsistent. Therefore, the European Reference Network for Rare Inherited and Congenital Anomalies (ERNICA) recently endorsed the validation of the first severity grading system for children. The planned reform of the European Paediatric Surgical Audit (EPSA) registry, which includes the implementation of the Clavien–Madadi classification, represents a further effort to establish uniform outcome reporting.

This article provides an overview of experiences with surgical registries and complication reporting, along with the potential application of this knowledge to future pediatric surgical practice.
Development Methodology, Availability, and Implementation of Core Outcome Sets in Pediatric Surgery
Authors: Allin Benjamin S.R. , Bethell George S. , Hall Nigel J.
Published: October 2023

Core outcome sets (COSs) provide a mechanism to guide researchers and clinicians when deciding which outcomes to report in research related to a specific clinical condition or intervention. The intention behind creating a COS for a specific condition is to improve the reporting of important and meaningful outcomes, thus enhancing the relevance of research. Additionally, a COS helps facilitate comparison of outcomes between different clinical studies and reduces research waste. In this paper, we discuss the availability of COSs in the field of pediatric general surgery. We provide an overview of the methodologies used to develop a COS, including common pitfalls, and finally, we discuss COS uptake and implementation. An understanding of all these aspects is important for researchers considering developing a new COS and for those reading research where a COS has been developed or used within a study. Failure to adequately appreciate the nuances of COS development, in particular, risks fundamental flaws that may jeopardize COS validity and subsequently hinder COS uptake and implementation.
Spinal Hypotension and Time from Spinal-to-Delivery in Scheduled Cesarean Deliveries: Association with Neonatal Acidosis
Authors: Kazzi Nayla G. , Chen Han-Yang , Lee Linden , Nazeer Sarah A. , Brown Kendra , Sibai Baha M. , Chauhan Suneet P.
Published: October 2023

Objective This work aimed to study the effect of sustained hypotension after spinal on neonatal acidosis and adverse outcomes in those undergoing scheduled cesarean delivery (CD) with universal prophylactic vasopressor exposure and to examine differences in spinal-to-delivery time by neonatal acidosis status.

Study Design This retrospective cohort study conducted at a quaternary care center from January 2019 to December 2021 included singleton, term, nonanomalous pregnancies, with scheduled CD under spinal anesthesia. Hypotension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (SYS-BP) < 100 mm Hg (SYS-BP100) or a >20% drop from baseline blood pressure (SYS-BP20). Both the occurrence of hypotension and its magnitude and duration were studied; the latter through the development of a hypotension index. The 90th and 95th percentiles of the hypotension index for SYS-BP20 and SYS-BP100, respectively, were used to define sustained hypotension. The primary outcome was neonatal acidosis (umbilical artery pH ≤ 7.1 or base excess ≤ −12 mmol). Secondary outcomes were composites of neonatal (CNAO) and maternal (CMAO) adverse outcomes. Multivariable Poisson regression models with robust error variance analysis was used to estimate adjusted relative risks (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results Our study included 332 individuals who underwent scheduled CD; among them 330 (99.4%) received prophylactic vasopressors. The rate of neonatal acidosis was 4.2%. Sustained hypotension after spinal anesthesia, which occurred in 12.3% of the cohort, was associated with increased risk for neonatal acidosis (aRR 3.96, 95% CI 1.21–12.98), but was not associated with CNAO or CMAO. Time from spinal-to-delivery was not different in those with and without neonatal acidosis.

Conclusion Despite universal exposure to prophylactic vasopressors, sustained hypotension after spinal anesthesia was still associated with neonatal acidosis, but no other adverse perinatal outcomes. Our findings may provide additional support for the adoption of prophylactic vasopressors to reduce spinal hypotension and downstream effects on the neonate from intraoperative hemodynamic instability.

Key Points
Orofacial Myofunctional Aspects of Nursing Infants and Preschoolers
Authors: Medeiros Andréa Monteiro Correia , Assis Herick Santos , Alves Maria Vanessa Martins , Silva Santana Yasmin Fernandes , Silva-Filho William José e , Barreto Íkaro Daniel de Carvalho , Berretin-Felix Giédre
Published: October 2023

Introduction Clinical assessment in orofacial motricity is required for the speech therapist to diagnose and treat disorders involving the stomatognathic system. Validated tools can help establish a prognosis and outline intervention methods connected to human development.

Objective The goal of the present study was to examine the domains of the oromyofunctional assessment of nursing infants and preschoolers according to sex and age group, as well as the application of the MMBGR Protocol – Nursing Infants and Preschool Children.

Methods A quantitative technique was used to conduct an analytical and cross-sectional investigation. The present study included a total of 214 healthy breastfeeding infants and preschoolers of both sexes. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the medians. The Spearman correlation of each test domain was determined. R Core Team 2021 (R Foundation, Vienna, Austria) was used, and the significance threshold was set at 5%.

Results In intraoral and extraoral examinations, there was a difference between sexes for tongue scores in nursing infants (d = - 0.428; p = 0.045), worse in males. When the orofacial functions were considered in nursing infants, there were differences between the sexes for the liquid/solid/semisolid deglutition scores (d = 0.479; p = 0.031), with females performing worse. There were sex differences in solid/semisolid deglutition (d = - 0.335; p = 0.043), and speech in preschoolers (d = - 0.478; p = 0.034), including the production of phones/phonemes (d = - 0.599; p = 0.007), which were always worse in males.

Conclusion The research revealed sex disparities and related the domains of oromyofunctional assessment, according to scores, of the domains of myofunctional assessment, as recorded in a standardized oromyofunctional assessment protocol by age group.
Influence of Breathing Modes and Facial Growth Patterns on Electromyographic Fatigue of Masticatory Muscles in Children
Authors: Gomez Yulieth Paulina Stave , Rockenbach Nathalisa de Morais , Moraes Anaelena Bragança de , Corrêa Eliane Castilhos , Silva Ana Maria Toniolo da , Busanello-Stella Angela Ruviaro
Published: October 2023

Introduction Changes in breathing patterns affect the harmonious development of the structures of the craniofacial system, leading to changes in posture, occlusion, and facial growth patterns. However, little is known about how these changes influence the muscle contraction patterns, either at rest or while functioning, and either in a normal or unbalanced condition.

Objective To study the masseter and anterior temporal muscles fatigue during mastication in nasal- and mouth-breathing children, also considering their facial growth patterns. Methods: A total of 70 children aged 6 to 12 years old who met the study criteria were assessed. Speech-language-hearing, otorhinolaryngologic, and cephalometric assessments were performed to divide them into groups. In the electromyographic assessment, the children were asked to chew gum following a metronome until they felt fatigued. The median frequency of the muscles was analyzed at 15, 30, 45, and 60 seconds of mastication. The reported time of fatigue perception was recorded. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results There were no median frequency decrease patterns nor differences in the myoelectric manifestations and reported time of fatigue between the groups.

Conclusion The masticatory muscles did not reveal fatigue in the electromyographic analysis; however, the fatigue time was reported, despite the absence of physiological fatigue. The breathing mode, the facial growth pattern, and the association between them did not interfere with the behavior of the median frequency of the electromyographic signal and the fatigue time perception.
Medical Research Disparities in Latin America
Authors: Barrera Juana V. , Bayona Molano María del Pilar , Kumar Vishal , Cruz Luis , Arrieta Micaela , Landinez Gina
Published: October 2023

Clinical research is an essential aspect of advancing medical knowledge, improving patient outcomes, and reducing the burden of diseases. However, there are significant discrepancies in access to high-quality research worldwide, particularly in Latin American countries. Despite being crucial for evidence of efficacy in clinical research, randomized controlled trials are relatively scarce in Latin America compared with developed countries like the United States. This article explores the challenges and limitations that Latin American researchers face when conducting health-related clinical trials, including lack of economic resources, political instability, language barriers, and scarcity of indexed journals. Moreover, this article sheds light on the challenges in the fields of diagnostic radiology and interventional radiology in Latin America, such as limited resources, inadequate infrastructure, low awareness of the importance of imaging for accurate diagnoses and treatment, lack of specialized training programs, few opportunities for research, and insufficient funding. Addressing these challenges is crucial for Latin American researchers to produce high-quality clinical research and contribute to global medical knowledge, ultimately improving health outcomes and quality of life for people worldwide.
Perivascular Innervation in the Nasal Mucosa and Clinical Findings in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and Idiopathic Rhinitis
Authors: Carvalho Thiago , Mello Jr João Ferreira de , Caldini Elia Tamaso Espin Garcia , Salgado Daniel Calduro , Carvalho Nicole Mary Garcia de , Damaceno-Rodrigues Nilsa Regina , Voegels Richard Louis
Published: October 2023

Introduction The nonspecific hyperreactivity of rhinitis has been attributed to neurotrophins activating sensory nerves and inflammatory cells. The relationship between these markers and the intensity of the symptoms is not well established and few studies have evaluated individuals with idiopathic rhinitis.

Objective The present study aims to evaluate whether perivascular innervation and nerve growth factor (NGF) are related to the intensity of the clinical conditions in allergic rhinitis (AR) and idiopathic rhinitis (IR).

Methods A total of 15 patients with AR and 15 patients with IR with the indication for inferior turbinectomy (associated or not with septoplasty) were selected. The patients received a score according to their signs and symptoms. After the surgery, we quantified eosinophils, mast cells, NGF, and nerve fibers in the nasal turbinate.

Results The score of the signs and symptoms was higher in the AR group. Nerve growth factor was found in the cytoplasm of inflammatory cells in the submucosa in greater quantity in the AR group. The nerve fibers were distributed throughout the tissue, mainly in the subepithelial, glandular, and vascular regions, and there was no difference between the groups. Greater perivascular innervation was associated with a higher signs and symptoms score.

Conclusions We concluded that these findings suggest that the NGF produced by submucosal inflammatory cells stimulates increased perivascular innervation in rhinitis, thus directly reflecting in more intense clinical conditions, especially in AR.
A uses and gratifications approach to examining users’ continuance intention towards smart mobile learning
Authors: Gao Biao
Published: October 2023

Smart mobile learning (SML), an online learning system built on artificial intelligence technology, signifies a key development trajectory for mobile learning. However, the current literature reveals a research deficit in introducing specific constructs that represent the categorical level of gratification towards SML, and a new gratification for the intelligent dimension of SML has yet to be identified. Utilising the uses and gratifications (U&G) framework, this study identifies five categories of user gratification. These are derived from five theoretical perspectives, including the incentive theory of motivation, learning theory, diffusion of innovation theory, self-determination theory, and flow theory. Hence, this research integrates aspects of technology, content, social, utilitarian, and hedonic gratification to examine their influence on users’ continuance intention towards SML. This study focuses on Liulishuo, an SML app, as a typical research object and incorporates data from 495 valid samples. The analysis via partial least-squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) indicates the hierarchical significance of various gratifications influencing continuance intention. The empirical findings suggest that in the realm of SML, users’ expectations surpass basic intrinsic needs in importance. For the first time, this study introduces the intelligence construct to investigate users’ technology gratification concerning SML, thereby empirically establishing the validity of this construct. This study reveals that technology gratification, embodied in the notion of intelligence, is the most critical determinant of continuance intention towards SML, a relationship that has previously remained unexplored.
Thinner metal-organic framework membranes, larger-scale applications
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: October 2023

Various state-of-the-art techniques produce ultrathin MOFs capable of gas separation, but scaling up fabrication requires these porous structures to be even thinner.