bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanocarriers for Cannabinoid Delivery: Enhancing Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Singh Varun , Vihal Samar , Rana Rupali , Rathore Charul
Published: July 2024

:

Medical cannabis has potential therapeutic benefits in managing pain, anxiety, depression,
and neurological and movement disorders. Phytocannabinoids derived from the cannabis plant
are responsible for their pharmacological and therapeutic properties. However, the complexity of
cannabis components, especially cannabinoids, poses a challenge to effective medicinal administration.
Even with the increasing acceptance of cannabis-based medicines, achieving consistent bioavailability
and targeted distribution remains difficult. Conventional administration methods are
plagued by solubility and absorption problems requiring innovative solutions. After conducting a
thorough review of research papers and patents, it has become evident that nanotechnology holds
great promise as a solution. The comprehensive review of 36 research papers has yielded valuable
insights, with 7 papers reporting enhanced bioavailability, while others have focused on improvements
in release, solubility, and stability. Additionally, 19 patents have been analyzed, of which 7
specifically claim enhanced bioavailability, while the remaining patents describe various formulation
methods. These patents outline effective techniques for encapsulating cannabis using nanocarriers,
effectively addressing solubility and controlled release. Studies on the delivery of cannabis
using nanocarriers focus on improving bioavailability, prolonging release, and targeting specific areas.
This synthesis highlights the potential of nanotechnology to enhance cannabis therapies and
pave the way for innovative interventions and precision medicine.
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Authors: Banerjee Arijita , Kumar Sumit
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is referred to as machines that can mimic human
cognitive functions. It usually engages various digital methods starting from computer
programming to deep learning, thus making use of the enormous structured and
nonstructured healthcare data. Artificial intelligence is gradually making a change in
medical practice by using sophisticated algorithms, assisting clinicians to mitigate
diagnostic and therapeutic errors and also using data intensive analysis for early
diagnosis of various diseases.

The chapter provides us an insight into the relationship between artificial intelligence
and healthcare, origin of artificial intelligence, different categories of artificial
intelligence and its applications in our healthcare system, various diseases for screening
as well as prognostic evaluation and eventually the issues pertaining to the
implementation of AI in medical devices.

The main focus is on the two major categories of AI which includes machine learning
and natural language processing. The former analyses the structured data such as
genetic or electrophysiological data while the latter deals with unstructured data such
as medical notes. In medical practice deep learning is mainly used to explore more
complex data. Cardiovascular health, neurological deficits and cancer are the most
challenging topics in AI.

AI technologies have created a stir in medical research yet it is facing various hurdles
in the form of regulations and data exchange. Thus, ethical and legal concerns need to
be addressed before the deployment of AI in the market.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Potential Technology in Healthcare Sector
Authors: Bharadwaj Alok
Published: July 2024

In the present scenario, the contribution of Artificial intelligence (AI) has
enhanced considerably in several fields including the healthcare sector. This growing
technology has a bright future in medical research as well as in early disease diagnosis
and its treatment by minimizing the risk factors and severity. Artificial intelligence is
applied in a very smart way so as to make it a more superior and competent technology
in comparison to the human brain e.g. by using AI, a robot makes the surgery in a more
efficient way than a surgeon by reducing any possibility of failure and severity.
Nowadays, AI has evolved as the most competent technique that helps patients and
cares for them more efficiently by reducing the cost.

To work more effectively and precisely, AI requires instructions in the form of sets of
algorithms. Two major key factors required for AI include natural language processing
(NPL) and machine learning (ML). Both these techniques are required to fulfill the
various tasks and challenges in the field of the healthcare sector. In the present chapter,
an effort has been made to explore the advancements of AI in different fields of the
health care system including radiology, dermatology, designing of novel drugs, and the
early diagnosis and treatment of various deadly diseases like cancer and neurological
disorders. 
Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IOT) On the Healthcare Sector: A Review
Authors: Aich Abanti , Banerjee Kallal
Published: July 2024

Recent developments in data generation, connectivity, and technology have
caused the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)
programs in different industries. Artificial intelligence and IOT are strengthening
current healthcare technologies whether they are employed to discover new
relationships between genetic codes and auto control surgical operations assisting
robots. This chapter explores and discusses the various modern-day applications of AI
within the fitness domain. This paper studies the influences of IoT and AI in
healthcare. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) can assist
additionally in replacing time-consuming information tracking techniques. The findings
also indicate that AI-assisted clinical trials are capable of managing large volumes of
facts and producing exceptionally accurate effects. AI expands systems that assist
patients at each stage. Patients’ clinical statistics are likewise analyzed by using clinical
intelligence, which gives insights to assist them in enhancing their quality of life. This
study also highlights key insights into the top technological applications, which include
connectivity, diagnosing the disease and discovering its treatment, patient care,
defining gaps and further research directions related to modeling, the technology and
regulations for data security and privacy, and also systems’ proficiency and security.
Curvelet Based Seed Point Segmentation Methodology Using Digital Biomarker for Abnormality Detection in Fetal Spine Disorder
Authors: Lavanya V. S. , Indira M.
Published: July 2024

Objectives: The accuracy and early diagnosis of abnormalities in fetus Ultra
Sound pictures will be improved with the use of a novel automatic segmentation
technique. An essential area of study for medical AI is the real-time monitoring of
prenatal spine disorders. The Internet of Things and medical AI are directly intertwined
(IoT). The objective digital biomarker obtained by IoT devices could represent realtime data. IoT and digital biomarkers can be helpful in the spine based on the attributes.
Methods: To increase the accuracy of anomaly detection using the K-means
segmentation algorithm, the Curvelet-based Seed Point Selection (S-CSPS)
methodology was created. Through seed point evaluation, which lessens the speckle
and consequently improves the ability to detect abnormality, it is possible to accurately
identify regions for each pixel in US images that belong to the objects. Findings: The
ultrasound images of the fetal spine abnormalities dataset are used to build the
suggested S-CSPS in the MATLAB environment. As part of the performance analysis,
various fetus picture numbers are taken into consideration, along with noise levels,
segmentation accuracy, anomaly detection rate, and segmentation time. Improvement:
The findings of the simulation analysis demonstrate that, when compared to state-ofthe-art techniques, the S-CSPS method performs better with an increase in
segmentation accuracy and an increase in the rate of abnormality detection utilising
digital biomarkers. 
The Influence of Artificial Intelligent, Internet of Things and Cyber Security on Supply Chain Management Performance
Authors: Toku Lomatey , Offei Martin Otu
Published: July 2024

The enhancement of supply chain performance is a hot topic in both practice
and literature. In order to cut costs and boost efficiency, it is essential to invest in
processes that enhance supply chain performance. The interaction between other
structures and supply chain performance holds the key to releasing the hidden potential
that Supply Chain Management 4.0 holds. The diffusion of “the Internet of Things into
supply chain management” would boost productivity and facilitate the supply chain
connections that connect industrial input to client delivery of goods and services.
Artificial intelligence would improve productivity and efficiency if it were used to
supply chain operations, procedures, and activities within and between enterprises.
However, putting such devices online runs the risk of exposing performance because of
cyber security problems. This paper investigates the beneficial effects of AI and IoT on
supply chain efficiency and makes the argument that corporate failings in cyber
security might have a detrimental effect on supply chain efficiency. This study
employed a quantitative study with 91 respondents from organizations that
substantially rely on supply chain operations. To determine the arbitrary associations
between the independent and dependent variables, data were analyzed using Smart
PLS. The findings imply that while AI and IoT have a beneficial impact on supply
chain management performance, cyber security breaches are seen to have a negative
impact. 
Automated Smart Prediction of Heart Disease Using Data Mining
Authors: Das Sumita , Pal Srimanta , Manna Sayani
Published: July 2024

In our hectic lives, we usually do not have enough time to check our health
on a daily basis, and as a result, we disregard our health problems. The smart health
prediction system presented in this research uses a new method that could aid us in
taking care of ourselves. We can use the symptoms of our health problems as input to
our system to help us predict the condition, and then we can contact a medical
professional when necessary. The goal of this study is to use data mining techniques to
forecast cardiac disease. Due to its ability to effectively forecast outcomes and store
vast amounts of data, data mining is increasingly popular nowadays. Here, we examine
the information and display each aspect of the dataset. We display the male-to-female
patient ratio, the type of cardiovascular disease, type of chest discomfort, and
maximum and minimum patient ages. Then, we employ a variety of machine learning
approaches, including the Decision Tree Algorithm, Random Forest, Support Vector
Machine, Logistic Regression, KNN, and others, to forecast the disease. The majority
of the models offer us accuracy rates of over 85%. Additionally, it examines the
matrix's recall and precision. Therefore, we can infer that it provides us with a positive
outcome that will enable us to take the required precautions and lower the rate of
mortality associated with a heart disease or heart attack.
Deep Learning-Based Detection of Defects from Images
Authors: Pal Srimanta , Das Sumita , Manna Sayani
Published: July 2024

Crack detection has vital importance for monitoring and inspection of
buildings. It has great significance for structural safety. This is a challenging task for
computer vision and machine learning, as cracks only have low-level features for
detection. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is a very promising framework for
crack detection from images with high accuracy and precision. This paper is based on a
deep-learning methodology to detect and recognize structural defects. The dataset is
split into training and testing data which is used to train the model. Then this trained
model is used to recognize and classify cracks in images. The dataset consists of
concrete crack images. The data set used has two categories, images with cracks and
without cracks. A Convolutional Neural Network model using Pytorch will be fit to
predict the images if the images have any cracks or not. This paper compares the
accuracy of various models. 
Air Pollution Detection in Covid-19 Ward: An Artificial Intelligence Approach
Authors: Reeja S. R.
Published: July 2024

The world has faced a pandemic situation due to COVID-19. The dearth of
understanding of germs, the scope of the phenomena, and the rapidity of contamination
highlight many points in the new techniques for studying these events. Artificial
intelligence approaches could be helpful in assessing data from virus-affected
locations. The goal of this research is to look into any links between air quality and
pandemic propagation. We also assess how well machine learning algorithms perform
when it comes to anticipating new cases. We present a cross-correlation analysis of
everyday COVID-19 instances and ecological parameters such as heat, humidification,
and contaminants in the atmosphere. Our research reveals a strong link between several
environmental factors and the propagation of germs. An intelligent trained model using
ecological characteristics may be able to forecast the number of infected cases
accurately. This technique may be beneficial in assisting organizations in taking
appropriate action about inhabitants’ protection and prevalent response. Temperature
and ozone are adversely connected with confirmed cases whereas air particulate matter
and nitrogen dioxide are positively correlated. We created and tested three separate
predictive models to see if these technologies can be used to forecast the pandemic's
progression.
Introduction to Adolescent Health and LifestyleRelated Diseases
Authors: Singh Aditi , Nandy Abhishek
Published: July 2024

Adolescence is a crucial developmental stage that has long-term effects on a
person's health and well-being as well as the welfare of society at large. Children learn
how to understand abstract concepts, form moral beliefs, and create and sustain
fulfilling relationships during adolescence. During adolescence, young people go
through a variety of transformations as they become physically adults. Changes in the
youth begin with the appearance of secondary sexual traits. Dynamic brain
development that is distinguished by interaction with social circumstances throughout
adolescence impacts the talents that a person carries into adulthood. In girls, there is the
onset of the menstrual cycle, which leaves a big impact on their body. Adolescents
across the globe have a lifestyle risk index comprising risky drug and alcohol
consumption, unprotected sex, sleep duration, and smoking, which is a fair to good
indicator of medical conditions connected to lethal (performing suicide and self-harm)
and non-fatal (major depressive disorders and severe psychological distress) diseases.
According to the findings of this study, the lifestyle risk index is a valuable summary
indicator in the context of teenage health promotion and noncommunicable disease
prevention. Adolescent lifestyle risk variables were discovered to cluster, giving
additional backing for the deployment of numerous health behavior modification
interventions rather than those having a single behavior emphasis. 
Effect of Mass Media on the Psychological Development of Adolescents
Authors: Singh Rishika , Nandy Abhishek , Moid Sana
Published: July 2024

On the mainstream media, a platform that constantly evolves, youngsters
may communicate with one another, express themselves, and share material of all
types. It has led to the establishment of a brand-new cultural framework that affects
how people interact as well as how organizations and technologies are used.
Hypothetically, mass media is considered an instrument with two sharp blades.
Although it provides benefits, children may experience some drawbacks as well. Even
though mass media is typically discussed negatively, there are some compelling
arguments in its favor. Juveniles and adolescents have the capacity to be
knowledgeable viewers of media. They do not just take in everything they see, read, or
hear on social networks or in the headlines. You can help kids develop the skills
necessary to control media effects. Teenagers and young people are vulnerable to
intentional and direct media influence. The news media might potentially indirectly
affect anything. In a nutshell, youth are significantly impacted by the media. It may
influence how they think and act, which may cause severe social difficulties. This
matter should be managed by adults. 
Adolescent Nutritional Requirements: Myth vs. Reality
Authors: Srivastava Sakshi , Mishra Harshit , Jaiswal Harshit , Nishad Vartika , Johri Parul , Rajput Manish Singh , Pandey Ritesh , Trivedi Mala
Published: July 2024

In order to stay healthy, you need to eat a variety of nutritious food every
day. Teenagers go through big physical changes in puberty. They need extra nutrition
to cater to these changes. The level of physical activity and stage of development will
determine exactly how much healthy food one needs. Nutrition is the study of food in
relation to the health of an individual, community or society and the process through
which food is used to sustain life and growth. Good nutrition means eating the right
amount of healthy food and not skipping meals. Essential nutrients are compounds that
the body cannot make or have in insufficient amounts. According to the World Health
Organization, these nutrients must come in food and are vital for disease prevention
and good health. These essential nutrients are calcium, iron, protein, zinc and
micronutrients like vitamin D, vitamin E, potassium and fiber. Adolescents tend to eat
more meals away from home. Eating the wrong types of food after long intervals and
unhealthy eating can cause nutritional deficiency in adolescence. Adolescence needs
extra nutrients for optimal physical growth, bone growth and strength, pubertal growth
and development, hormonal changes, organ and tissue development, including the
brain, increased physical activity levels and basal metabolic rate. Adolescence is a
growing phase of life, and having a balanced food is very important. Adolescents
should not skip their breakfast; they should drink plenty of water and limit highly
processed food, sugary drinks and eating out. Healthy eating habits and physical
activity help lower the risk of obesity during adolescence. Any nutritional deficiency
experienced during this critical time of life can have an effect on the future health of
the individual. All parents should pay attention to the nutritional needs of their
teenagers. Adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood, is a window of
opportunity for improving nutritional status and correcting nutritional practices.
Sağlıklı Yaşam, Sağlıklı Yaşam Turizmi ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Hekimliği Kavramları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Şahin Salih Kenan , Uslu Yeter , Yılmaz Emre
Published: July 2024

Beklenen yaşam süresindeki artış ve kronik hastalıklardaki yükseliş, sağlık konusunda farklı yaklaşımları gerektirmektedir. Kronik hastalıkların kök sebebi yaşam biçimi ile ilişkilidir ve tüm evrelerdeki tedavi planlarında yaşam biçimi değişikliği ilk sıradadır. Bu durum sağlıklı yaşam tarzı konusundaki çalışmalara ihtiyacı artırmaktadır. Sağlıklı yaşam tıbbı bireysel yaklaşım yerine hekim, diyetisyen, fizyoterapist, hemşire, psikolog gibi sağlık profesyonellerince oluşacak takımlar ile uygulanmaktadır. Hizmet sağlık tesisi ile sınırlanmamakta, tüm yaşam alanları hedeflenmektedir. Sağlıklı yaşam turizmi ise bireylerin sağlık ve refahlarını geliştirmek için farklı bölgelere seyahat etmeyi içeren yeni bir turizm türü olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Hastalık, teşhis, ilaç, yerine sağlıklı birey ve bireye özel doğal sağlık yaklaşımları öne çıkmaktadır. Ancak bu alanda henüz standardizasyon ve uzlaşı yoktur. Bütüncül tıp, fonksiyonel tıp, sağlıklı yaşam tarzı tıbbı kavramları yeni yeni şekillenmektedir. Bu yaklaşımlar, eğitim, uygulama ve sağlık meslekleri ile ilgili yeni bakış açıları ve ihtiyaçlara yol açmaktadır. Mevcut tıp ve sağlık bilimleri eğitimleri bu konuda yetersiz kalmaktadır. Tıp eğitimini çeşitlendirmek çözümlerden biri olabilir. Tıp eğitiminin bir çeşidi olarak da sağlıklı yaşam hekimliği dikkat çekmektedir. Sağlıklı yaşam hekimliği, geleneksel tıp yaklaşımlarının ötesine geçerek bireylerin yaşam tarzlarını ve sağlık alışkanlıklarını iyileştirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu meslekle ilgili düzenlemelerin hayata geçirilmesi, sağlıklı yaşam akademik çalışmalarını da destekleyecek, sağlıklı yaşamla ilgili faaliyetlerin kalitesinin ve içeriğinin iyileştirilmesine imkân sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada sağlıklı yaşam, sağlıklı yaşam turizmi ve sağlıklı yaşam hekimliği kavramları ele alınarak; sağlıklı yaşamın sadece fiziksel bir durumdan çok daha fazlasını ifade ettiği, bireylerin yaşam kalitesini ve iyilik halini artırmada nasıl kullanılabileceği ve toplumların sağlık hedeflerine nasıl katkı sağlayabileceği de incelenecektir.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Six Common Cancer Survival Rates in South Korea: Population-Wide Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lee JinWook , Park JuWon , Kim Nayeon , Nari Fatima , Bae Seowoo , Lee Hyeon Ji , Lee Mingyu , Jun Jae Kwan , Choi Kui Son , Suh Mina
Published: July 2024

Background

In South Korea, the cancer incidence rate has increased by 56.5% from 2001 to 2021. Nevertheless, the 5-year cancer survival rate from 2017 to 2021 increased by 17.9% compared with that from 2001 to 2005. Cancer survival rates tend to decline with lower socioeconomic status, and variations exist in the survival rates among different cancer types. Analyzing socioeconomic patterns in the survival of patients with cancer can help identify high-risk groups and ensure that they benefit from interventions.

Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze differences in survival rates among patients diagnosed with six types of cancer—stomach, colorectal, liver, breast, cervical, and lung cancers—based on socioeconomic status using Korean nationwide data.

Methods

This study used the Korea Central Cancer Registry database linked to the National Health Information Database to follow up with patients diagnosed with cancer between 2014 and 2018 until December 31, 2021. Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by income status were generated, and log-rank tests were conducted for each cancer type to assess statistical significance. Hazard ratios with 95% CIs for any cause of overall survival were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models with the time since diagnosis.

Results

The survival rates for the six different types of cancer were as follows: stomach cancer, 69.6% (96,404/138,462); colorectal cancer, 66.6% (83,406/125,156); liver cancer, 33.7% (23,860/70,712); lung cancer, 30.4% (33,203/109,116); breast cancer, 91.5% (90,730/99,159); and cervical cancer, 78% (12,930/16,580). When comparing the medical aid group to the highest income group, the hazard ratios were 1.72 (95% CI 1.66‐1.79) for stomach cancer, 1.60 (95% CI 1.54‐1.56) for colorectal cancer, 1.51 (95% CI 1.45‐1.56) for liver cancer, 1.56 (95% CI 1.51‐1.59) for lung cancer, 2.19 (95% CI 2.01‐2.38) for breast cancer, and 1.65 (95% CI 1.46‐1.87) for cervical cancer. A higher deprivation index and advanced diagnostic stage were associated with an increased risk of mortality.

Conclusions

Socioeconomic status significantly mediates disparities in cancer survival in several cancer types. This effect is particularly pronounced in less fatal cancers such as breast cancer. Therefore, considering the type of cancer and socioeconomic factors, social and medical interventions such as early cancer detection and appropriate treatment are necessary for vulnerable populations.
Adding Virtual Reality Mindful Exposure Therapy to a Cancer Center’s Tobacco Treatment Offerings: Feasibility and Acceptability Single-Group Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jackson Riley Walton , Cao-Nasalga Ann , Chieng Amy , Pirkl Amy , Jagielo Annemarie D , Xu Cindy , Goldenhersch Emilio , Rosencovich Nicolas , Waitman Cristian , Prochaska Judith J
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Smoking contributes to 1 in 3 cancer deaths. At the Stanford Cancer Center, tobacco cessation medication management and counseling are provided as a covered benefit. Patients charted as using tobacco are contacted by a tobacco treatment specialist and offered cessation services. As a novel addition, this study examined the acceptability of a virtual reality (VR) mindful exposure therapy app for quitting smoking called MindCotine.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of offering 6 weeks of MindCotine treatment as a part of Stanford’s Tobacco Treatment Services for patients seen for cancer care.

METHODS

As part of a single-group pilot study, the MindCotine VR program was offered to English- or Spanish-speaking patients interested in quitting smoking. Given the visual interface, epilepsy was a medical exclusion. Viewed from a smartphone with an attachable VR headset, MindCotine provides a digital environment with audiovisual content guiding mindfulness exercises (eg, breathing techniques, body awareness, and thought recognition), text-based coaching, and cognitive behavioral therapy-based self-reflections for quitting smoking. Interested patients providing informed consent were mailed a MindCotine headset and asked to use the app for 10+ minutes a day. At the end of 6 weeks, participants completed a feedback survey.

RESULTS

Of the 357 patients reached by the tobacco treatment specialist, 62 (17.3%) were ineligible, 190 (53.2%) were not interested in tobacco treatment services, and 78 (21.8%) preferred other tobacco treatment services. Among the 105 eligible and interested in assistance with quitting, 27 (25.7%) were interested in MindCotine, of whom 20 completed the informed consent, 9 used the program, and 8 completed their end-of-treatment survey. Participants using MindCotine completed, on average, 13 (SD 20.2) program activities, 19 (SD 26) journal records, and 11 (SD 12.3) coaching engagements. Of the 9 participants who used MindCotine, 4 (44%) reported some dizziness with app use that resolved and 7 (78%) would recommend MindCotine to a friend. In total, 2 participants quit tobacco (22.2% reporting, 10% overall), 2 others reduced their smoking by 50% or more, and 2 quit for 24 hours and then relapsed.

CONCLUSIONS

In a feasibility and acceptability pilot study of a novel VR tobacco treatment app offered to patients at a cancer center, 4 of 9 (44%) reporting and 4 of 20 (20%) overall substantially reduced or quit using tobacco after 6 weeks and most would recommend the app to others. Further testing on a larger sample is warranted.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05220254; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05220254
Probing the Role of Digital Payment Solutions in Gambling Behavior: Preliminary Results From an Exploratory Focus Group Session With Problem Gamblers (Preprint)
Authors: Lakew Nathan , Jonsson Jakob , Lindner Philip
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Technology has significantly reshaped the landscape and accessibility of gambling, creating uncharted territory for researchers and policy makers involved in the responsible gambling (RG) agenda. Digital payment solutions (DPS) are the latest addition of technology-based services in gambling and are now prominently used for deposit and win withdrawal. The seamless collaboration between online gambling operators and DPS, however, has raised concerns regarding the potential role of DPS platforms in facilitating harmful behavior.

OBJECTIVE

Using a focus group session with problem gamblers, this study describes a preliminary investigation of the role of DPS in the online gambling context and its influence on players’ gambling habits, financial behavior, choices of gambling environment, and the overall outcome of gambling subjective experiences.

METHODS

A total of 6 problem gamblers participated in a one-and-half-hour focus group session to discuss how DPSs are integrated into their everyday gambling habits, what motivates them to use DPS, and what shifts they observe in their gambling behavior. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the empirical evidence with a mix of inductive and deductive research approaches as a knowledge claim strategy.

RESULTS

Our initial findings revealed that the influence of DPSs in online gambling is multifaced where, on the one hand, their ability to integrate with players’ existing habits seamlessly underscores the facilitating role they play in potentially maximizing harm. On the other hand, we find preliminary evidence that DPSs can have a direct influence on gambling outcomes in both subtle and pervasive ways—nudging, institutionalizing, constraining, or triggering players’ gambling activities. This study also highlights the increasingly interdisciplinary nature of online gambling, and it proposes a preliminary conceptual framework to illustrate the sociotechnical interplay between DPS and gambling habits that ultimately capture the outcome of gambling’s subjective experience.

CONCLUSIONS

Disguised as a passive payment enabler, the role of DPS has so far received scant attention; however, this exploratory qualitative study demonstrates that given the technological advantage and access to customer financial data, DPS can become a potent platform to enable and at times trigger harmful gambling. In addition, DPS’s bird’s-eye view of cross-operator gambling behavior can open up an opportunity for researchers and policy makers to explore harm reduction measures that can be implemented at the digital payment level for gambling customers. Finally, more interdisciplinary studies are needed to formulate the sociotechnical nature of online gambling and holistic harm minimization strategy.
Effects of Integrating Wearable Activity Trackers with a Home-based Multi-component Exercise Intervention on Fall-related Parameters and Physical Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Yejin , Park Kyung Hee , Noh Hye Mi
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Older adults with a history of fall often encounter challenges in participating in group exercise programs. Recent technological advances, such as activity trackers, can potentially enhance home-based exercise programs by providing continuous physical activity monitoring and feedback.

OBJECTIVE

To explore whether integrating wearable activity trackers with a home-based exercise intervention is effective in reducing fear of falling and improving physical function in older adults.

METHODS

This was a 12-week, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial involving 30 older adults (≥60 years) with a history of fall. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either a group combining an activity tracker with a home-based multi-component exercise intervention, which included in-person exercise sessions, exercise videos, and objective feedback via phone calls (AT+EX group) or to a group using the activity tracker only for self-monitoring (AT-only group). The primary and secondary outcomes included fall-related parameters (fear of falling assessed by the Activities-specific Balance Confidence [ABC] and the Falls Efficacy Scale-International [FES-I] scales), depression (Short Geriatric Depression Scale), cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), physical function (grip strength, Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB], Timed Up and Go [TUG] test, 2-min Step Test [2MST]), and body composition. Changes in the average daily step count were monitored and analyzed.

RESULTS

Overall, 28 participants (mean age, 74 years; 76.7% women) completed the 12-week follow-up period (28/30, 93%). In the AT+EX group, significant improvements were observed in fear of falling (ABC: P=.002; FES-I: P=.01). The AT-only group also showed a significant improvement in FES-I score (P=.01). Physical function significantly improved in the AT+EX group (SPPB, P=.004; TUG, P=.008; 2MST, P=.001), whereas the AT-only group showed significant improvement only in the TUG test (P=.002). However, no significant between-group differences were observed in the ABC score, FES-I score, or physical function. Despite no significant increase in daily step counts, both groups maintained close to 10,000 steps/d throughout the 12 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS

Both groups showed improvements in the FES-I and TUG test scores without significant between-group differences. Wearable technology, with or without exercise intervention, seems to be an effective tool in reducing the fear of falling and improving physical function in older adults susceptible to falls.

CLINICALTRIAL

Clinical Research Information Service KCT0008230
Los límites del yo: hacia una clarificación de la relación entre delirios de inserción de pensamiento y el principio de inmunidad al error a través de la mala identificación
Authors: López-Silva Pablo , Méndez Emmanuel
Published: July 2024

Este artículo examina el debate acerca de si el delirio de inserción de pensamiento constituye un contraejemplo para el denominado principio de inmunidad al error a través de la mala identificación. Luego de distinguir diferentes formulaciones del principio en la literatura, concluimos que el fenómeno delirante en cuestión no constituye un contraejemplo para el principio examinado. En la parte final se clarifica el concepto de autoadscripción psicológica y su uso relativo a los pronombres de primera persona en el contexto del debate acerca de la relación entre inserción de pensamiento e inmunidad al error a través de la mala identificación.
Soll „Rasse“ aus dem Grundgesetz gestrichen werden?
Authors: Eickhoff Niklas
Published: July 2024

Im deutschen Rechtssystem nimmt der Rassenbegriff eine wichtige, wenn auch umstrittene Position ein. Das Bedürfnis ihn zu streichen, ist nachvollziehbar, aber nicht selbstverständlich, denn nicht alle Gründe für die Streichung sind auch gute Gründe. Ein zentrales Problem des Ausdrucks „Rasse“ ist seine Ambiguität, sowohl als Vehikel für eine naturwissenschaftlich-biologische als auch für eine sozial-konstruktivistischen Kategorisierung von Individuen herzuhalten. Eine Entscheidung für die eine oder andere Interpretation ist simpliciter, weder sinnvoll noch zielführend. Sinnvoller ist es, sich bewusst zu machen, in welcher Funktion der Rassenbegriff gebraucht wird und wie diese Funktion rechtlich einzufrieden ist. Biologisch informierte Gründe zur Streichung von „Rasse“ haben das Problem, die Existenz menschlicher Rassen zwar falsifizieren zu können, doch damit gleichzeitig den semantischen Bezug nicht mehr passend abzubilden. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass biologische Kriterien für das Vorliegen menschlicher Rassen deren Existenz präsupponieren und so naturalistische bzw. essentialistische Tendenzen begrifflich legitimieren, auch wenn der Begriff selbst leer ist. Stattdessen müssen vielmehr biologisch determinierte Eigenschaften als relevant angesehen werden, die soziale Einordnungen ermöglichen: Hautfarbe bzw. Körperschema. Diese scheinen den entscheidenden Faktor der Begriffsentwicklung und seines Gebrauchs auszumachen, nach dem im rechtlichen Kontext gesucht wird. Nimmt man den Begriff ernst, wie er im Commonsense gebraucht wird, werden die Mechanismen offenbart, die „Rasse“ auf der semantisch-psychologischen und sozialen Ebene eine destruktive Bedeutung zukommen lassen, die gegen den weiteren Gebrauch von „Rasse“ sprechen. Gleichzeitig geht der Bezugsgegenstand nicht verloren, wie es bei der biologischen Interpretation der Fall ist. Dies macht es möglich, unabhängig von rassistischer Essentialisierung, das Merkmal hervorzuheben, das oberflächlich genug ist, um nicht essentialisierend sein zu können – die Oberfläche selbst.
Republikanismus: Politisch, Juridisch und Ethisch
Authors: Zöller Günter
Published: July 2024

In Umkehrung einer These des frühen Carl Schmitt, der zufolgedie grundlegenden politischen Begriffe ursprünglich theologische Begriffe sind, vertrittder Beitrag die profunde politische Prägung der ethischen Grundbegriffe im Allgemeinenund derjenigen der Kantischen Ethik im Besonderen. Es ist die These des Beitrags, dass die fundamentalen Konzepte von Kants moralphilosophischen Hauptschriften(Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, 1785; Kritik der praktischen Vernunft,1788; Die Metaphysik der Sitten, 1797) ursprünglich rechtlich-politische Begriffe sind, die von ihm mutatis mutandis in die Sphäre der Ethik übertragen werden. Dabei werden aus den für intersubjektive Sozialverhältnisse konzipierten Grundbegriffendes Rechtlich-Politischen – allen voran Freiheit, Gesetz, Gesetzgebung, Herrschaftund Zwang – ethische Grundbegriffe für intrasubjektive Selbstverhältnisse.Der Beitrag rekonstruiert den Republikanismus von Kants politischem, rechtlichem und ethischem Denken in historischer Perspektive und in systematischer Absicht. Imeinzelnen interpretiert der Beitrag Kants kritische Ethik als nach innen gewendetes Gegenstück zu dem von ihm in seinen rechtlich-politischen Druckschriften der zweitenHälfte der 1790er Jahre (Zum ewigen Frieden, 1795; Metaphysische Anfangsgründeder Rechtslehre, 1797) vertretenen Republikanismus, dessen Grundzüge bereits in der einzigen erhaltenen Nachschrift von Kants Naturrechtsvorlesung, die aus dem Jahr 1784 stammt (Naturrecht Feyerabend), enthalten sind. Die drei Abschnitte des Beitrags behandeln den politischen Republikanismus nach und vor Kant, den juridischen Republikanismus bei Kant und den ethischen Republikanismus bei Kant. Im Zentrum des ersten Abschnitts steht die Differenz zwischen dem historischen (römischen und neorömischen) Republikanismus und dem rezenten (abstrakten und analytischen) Republikanismus. Der zweite Abschnitt verfolgt die Verrechtlichung des ursprünglich politischen Republikanismus in der Frühmoderne im Allgemeinen und bei Kant im Besonderen. Der dritte Abschnitt ist zentriert um die republikanisch inspirierte Doppelkonzeption der ethischen Selbstgesetzgebung („Autonomie“) und der ethischen Selbstherrschaft („Autokratie“) bei Kant.
Die Verlagerung von Vertrauen vom Menschen zur Maschine: Eine Erweiterung des zwischenmenschlichen Vertrauensparadigmas im Kontext Künstlicher Intelligenz
Authors: Koska Christopher , Prugger Julian , Jörg Sophie , Reder Michael
Published: July 2024

Der Beitrag untersucht die Transformation des Vertrauensbegriffsdurch Künstliche Intelligenz. In aller Regel ist das Vertrauen in technische Artefakteeng mit deren Verlässlichkeit verbunden. Während diese Form der (technischen) Verlässlichkeit letztlich zumeist auf ein menschliches Gegenüber (z. B. auf die Herstellenden, die Betreibenden oder die Auditierenden) zurückgeführt wird, erfordert die zunehmende Präsenz von KI-Systemen eine Neubetrachtung dieses Zusammenhangs. Insbesondere bei selbstlernenden Systemen (wie der konnektivistischenKI), die ihre Auswahlkriterien und Selektionsmechanismen durch die Interaktionmit der Umwelt kontinuierlich verändern, zeichnet sich eine graduelle Verschiebungdes Vertrauens ab: Vertrauen wandert, so lautet die These im Anschluss an Hartmann (2022), Schritt um Schritt vom Menschen zur Maschine. Der Beitrag zielt auf eine problemorientierte Beschreibung der damit verbunden Chancen und Herausforderungen.
Vertrauen (in Technik), Vertrauenswürdigkeit (von Technik), Vertrauensadjustierung (gegenüber Technik)
Authors: Sonar Arne , Herzog Christian
Published: July 2024

Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die Bedeutung der zunehmend kommunikativen und damit einhergehenden kooperativen Fähigkeiten von innovativen, z.B. auf KI-Verfahren basierenden, technischen Anwendungen für die Triade aus Vertrauen (in Technologie), Vertrauenswürdigkeit (von Technologie) und Vertrauensadjustierung (gegenüber Technologie) zu diskutieren. Zudem wird die Frage aufgeworfen, inwiefern die Rolle der Vertrautheit (mit Technologie) in diesem Spannungsverhältnis einzuordnen ist. Vertrauen an sich ist ein essenzielles Moment von Beziehungs- und Interaktionsstrukturen, sowohl im zwischenmenschlichen Miteinander, als auch für die spezifischen Vorgänge der Mensch-Technik-Interaktion. Insbesondere neue Möglichkeiten in der Ausgestaltung kommunikativer Leistungsmerkmale technischer Anwendungen in der unmittelbaren Interaktion mit Nutzer:innen können dabei das auf Vertrauen gegründete, kooperative Miteinander von Mensch und Technik in gänzlich neuen Formen fördern. Anwendungen, die beispielsweise unmittelbare und auf die individuellen Fähigkeiten der Nutzer:innen eingehende Rückmeldungen zu ihren Funktionen, als auch möglichen Unsicherheiten — z.B. bei diagnostischen Empfehlungen — geben können, könnten nicht nur das grundlegende Vertrauen in die Technik an sich stärken. Als spezifische Komponenten in der Mensch-Technik-Interaktion könnte diesen zugleich zugesprochen werden, den Anspruch der Vertrauenswürdigkeit von Applikationen (und der Entwickler:innen), ebenso wie die Zuweisung dieser seitens der Nutzer:innen fördern. Daneben können sie aber auch einen, für die Interaktion mit Technik ebenso essenziellen als auch kritischen Punkt unterstützen: Das kontinuierliche Adjustieren von Vertrauensgraden seitens der Nutzer:innen den Applikationen gegenüber kann einer Gewöhnung an ein gewisses Leistungsniveau einer Applikation im alltäglichen Gebrauch und dem damit einhergehenden Verlust kritischer Distanz, gerade durch ein ungerechtfertigtes allgemeines Zuweisen von Vertrauenswürdigkeit, vorbeugen. Hervorzuheben ist daher letztlich auch die unmittelbare Bedeutung des Faktors der Vertrautheit (mit Technologie) für die triadisch Beziehung zwischen dem Vertrauen (in Technologie), der Vertrauenswürdigkeit (von Technologie) und der Vertrauensadjustierung (gegenüber Technologie).
Die politische Natur menschlichen Lebens
Authors: Gante Markus
Published: July 2024

Die These dieses Aufsatzes besteht darin, dass menschliches Leben als genuin politisch begriffen werden sollte. Dieser Gedanke wird in Form einer aristotelischen Kritik am ethischen Naturalismus entwickelt. (1) Zunächst rekonstruiere ich den ethischen Naturalismus vor der Frage, was genau naturalistisch an dieser Position ist. Es wird gezeigt, dass es sich nicht um ein naturalistisches Begründungsprogramm von Normativität handelt, das Normativität in einem außerethischen Bereich begründen will. Naturalistisch ist der ethische Naturalismus, insofern die Position vertreten wird, der natürliche Vollzug menschlichen Lebens impliziere praktische Rationalität und Tugenden. (2) In einem zweiten Schritt wird mit Aristoteles argumentiert, dass die besonderen Realisierungsformen dieser praktischen Rationalität in Genese und Geltung stark lokale Aspekte aufweisen und von Aristoteles zirkulär bestimmt werden. Ich rekonstruiere dies als polis- statt lebensformrelative Normativität. (3) Der dritte Abschnitt diskutiert Implikationen dieser Umstellung vor dem Hintergrund älterer Fassungen des Neoaristotelismus, die durch die Leitbegriffe von Brauchtum und Tradition die Lokalität von Normativität explizit herausstellen. Gegen diese Theorien versuche ich abschließend vorzuschlagen, die aristotelische Zirkularität des menschlich Guten als Offenheit der menschlichen Lebensform zu begreifen, die nicht zwingenderweise durch Rekurs auf Natur oder Tradition geschlossen werden muss.
Würde versus Unrecht
Authors: Klug Bastian
Published: July 2024

Dieser Aufsatz präsentiert die funktionalistische Theorie der Würde, die in der Tradition Arnd Pollmanns steht und eine modifizierende Weiterentwicklung vorschlägt. Die funktionalistische Theorie der Würde stellt die historisch bedingte Funktion von Würde innerhalb der wichtigen modernen (Menschen-) Rechtsdokumente in den Vordergrund: Würde markiert die Abkehr zu den Verbrechen des Nationalsozialismus. Daraus lässt sich eine Schutzfunktion ableiten: Menschen sollten „Nie Wieder!“ – so der ablehnende moralische Standpunkt – in gravierenden Notsituationen leben, wie jene in welche die Nationalsozialisten ihre Opfer brachten. Menschenrechte haben zum Ziel, Menschen ein Leben in Würde zu ermöglichen. Im Kontext historischer Lernprozesse lässt sich die funktionalistische Theorie der Würde demnach auch auf zeitgenössische Unrechtssituationen anwenden. Die Eigenschaften dieses Würdebegriffs werden dabei ebenfalls aus der Funktion abgeleitet. Grundlage der funktionalistischen Theorie der Würde sind die Zeugnisse von Menschen in gravierenden Notsituationen und nicht primär die Einstellungen und Handlungen von möglichen Täter*innen.
Einleitung: Aufklärung, Willkürherrschaft und Toleranz nach Kant
Authors: Bianchi Sarah
Published: July 2024

Am 22. April 2024 war Immanuel Kants 300. Geburtstag. Sein Werk ist bis heute zentraler Bestandteil der Philosophie überhaupt und insbesondere auch der politischen Philosophie, der Rechtsphilosophie und der Sozialphilosophie. 2024 ist zudem das 240. Jubiläum von Kants wirkmächtigem Essay „Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?“ (1784). Aufklärung, so schreibt Kant darin, beinhaltet die Aufdeckung und Befreiung von der Macht politischer, sozialer und religiöser „Vormünder“[1], die die aufklärerischen Subjekte in ihrem moralischen Recht auf gleiche und freie Co-Autorschaft im „Reich der Zwecke“[2] einschränken. Kants Aufklärungsbegriff gehört auch heute zu einem der bedeutendsten Schlüsselbegriffe in der zeitgenössischen Philosophie, etwa in der Frage nach der dritten oder neuen Aufklärung (Hilary Putnam, Michael Hampe, Corine Pelluchon). Dass Kants Aufklärungsverständnis auch eine zentrale Rolle in der zeitgenössischen, zentral diskutierten, neorepublikanischen Debatte um Nicht-Beherrschung (Philip Pettit) spielen könnte, wird derzeit eher weniger gesehen, auch wenn Kant in dieser Debatte natürlich präsent ist (Rainer Forst, Dorothea Gädeke, Tamara Jugov, Peter Niesen, Arthur Ripstein, Laura Valentini). Der Schwerpunkt der Zeitschrift für Praktische Philosophie nimmt Kants Jubiläumsjahr nun zum Anlass, um Schlaglichter auf Kants kritisch konstruktives Verständnis von Aufklärung zu werfen, es kritisch zu hinterfragen und seine Relevanz für Gegenwart und Zukunft herauszuarbeiten. Die Einleitung unternimmt dies mit Hinblick auf das Verhältnis von Aufklärung, Willkürherrschaft und Toleranz.
 
 
[1] WA, 8, 35.
[2] G, 4, 433.
Analiza stanja i koriscenja pneumatskih postrojenja u nekim preduzecima drvne industrije Srbije
Authors: Dedic Aleksandar , Bajic Dusan , Svrzic Srdjan , Dedic Lara
Published: July 2024

Obtaining pressurized air represents a significant expenditure of energy for
every branch of industry, and today it is simply unthinkable to exist?
industrial plants without the production, distribution and use of
pressurized air. This is particularly representative in the wood processing
industry in which there are great opportunities for savings that can be made
with the produced air under pressure, starting from its proper use to the
monitoring of the equipment during exploitation and the implementation of
preventive maintenance measures. Bearing the above in mind, research was
carried out in companies of the wood industry in Serbia in order to analyze
the economics of obtaining and adequate use of pres?surized air. In addition
to the data on the type of compressor plants, the survey also obtained data
on: the type of pressurized air storage tank, the correct use of the air
preparation group, the existing automation for plant operation, preventive
maintenance measures, leakage control and prevention, and employee training.
The conclusions were drawn in the form of guidelines for the rational use of
pressurized air, which can bring significant savings in energy consumption
and increase efficiency and productivity in work.