bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
223 Multiple ovulation and embryo harvest in relation to energy balance in Latvian native cow breeds
Authors: Vanaga A. , Sematovica I. , Ponomarjova O.
Published: December 2019

The numbers of animals of two Latvian native cow breeds are very limited because almost all cows intended to be donor cows were used to acquire embryos. Most of these cows were kept on small private farms by local farmers. Many were at an advanced age and did not meet the necessary requirements to be a good embryo donor. Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) was restarted after an interruption of more than 35 years in Latvia. The new team was educated to improve saving of these breeds using MOET in the frame of ERAF project no. 1.1.1.1/16/A/025. Energy balance (EB) and metabolic status affect ovarian function and oocyte quality, and impair early embryo development as well as endometrium and udder health. The aim of this study was to investigate success of multiple ovulation (MO), total (ToE) and transferable (TE) embryo harvest in the Latvian native breed donor cows in relation to EB and somatic cell count (SCC) in milk. MO was induced using FSH in 21 cows included in this study. Cows were 6.4±3.26 years (average±s.d.; range: 2.3 to 15 years), in 4.1±2.45 lactation (range: 1 to 10 lactations), and body condition score (BCS) was in the range from 1.5 to 4.5 (5-point scale). Blood samples were taken on Day 7 after AI. The level of glucose (Glc), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB), and triglycerides (TG) in blood and the SSC in milk were determined using Agricultural Data Center information. Means, standard deviations, 2 independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and bivariate correlations (two-tailed) were calculated using SPSS-21 (SPSS Inc./IBM Corp.). MO was successful in 16 cows and unsuccessful in 5 cows; the main differences were for BHB in blood (0.62±0.25 and 1.1±0.50mM, respectively) and SCC (673.2±1272.71 and 958.3±1329.66 ×103 cellsmL−1 respectively; P<0.05). No significant differences within groups were found regarding Glc (3.1±0.57 and 2.9±0.48mM, respectively) and TG (0.19±0.06 and 0.18±0.06mM, respectively) relative to success of MO (P>0.05) in our study. The ToE and TE harvested depended on success of MO (r=0.51 and r=0.39; P<0.05). In total, 9.7±6.5 embryos from cow were acquired, but 6.5±5.05 embryos were TE. The count of ToE was negatively correlated with TG in blood (r=−0.27; P<0.05). The ToE and TE count were significantly negatively correlated with SCC in milk (r=−21 and r=−0.32, respectively; P<0.05). Donor cows that produced TE had less SCC in milk compared with those that produced non-transferable embryos (291.8±288.11 and 917.6±1631.41 ×103 cellsmL−1, respectively) and higher BCS (2.8±0.84 and 2.1±0.37 points, respectively; P<0.05). SCC in milk could be one of the parameters to reject cows as embryo donors.
32 Bovine embryo cryopreservation in a chemically defined medium
Authors: Østergaard A. , Gavin-Plagne L. , Guedes Teixeira M. , Buff S. , Joly T.
Published: December 2019

Embryo cryopreservation media often contain an animal-derived component, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) or fetal calf serum. However, the industry is faced with the issue of composition variability between batches and, most importantly, the risk of pathogen transmission. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two embryo cryopreservation ethylene glycol-based media: IMV's freezing medium with BSA (IMV Technologies) and a chemically defined medium containing STEMALPHA.CRYO3, called CRYO3 (Ref 5617, Stem Alpha). CRYO3 is produced according to EU good manufacturing practice, ensuring the composition and quality of the product. Bovine morulae were collected invivo and split into two groups to be slow frozen in both media. All results were analysed with chi-squared tests with Yates's correction. For the invitro approach of this study, frozen morulae (n=86) were thawed, cultured in medium (1:1:1 mixture of RPMI, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, and Ham's F10) at 38.5°C with 5% CO2, and monitored every 24h for 72h to evaluate survival and expansion rates. Survival rate was higher in the CRYO3 group than in the BSA group (74 and 50%, respectively; P<0.05). Expansion and hatching rates followed the same trend: 38 and 14%, respectively, at 48h (P<0.05) and 40 and 18% at 72h (P<0.05). For the invivo approach of this study, frozen morulae (n=123) were thawed and transferred on the field to evaluate pregnancy and calving rates. Field results showed no significant difference between CRYO3 and the BSA-based medium for pregnancy rates (73 and 63%; P=0.3006) nor for the delivery rates (64 and 55%; P=0.3614).The trial was conducted with different AI teams and in 10 commercial herds, thus adding robustness to the data. This study has shown that CRYO3 can replace BSA in an ethylene glycol cryopreservation medium for invivo-produced bovine embryos. Therefore, this product eliminates some sanitary risk in embryo commerce, which is a concern in an international context.
38 Ram sperm longevity after cryopreservation in extender containing L-carnitine
Authors: Souza C. , Brandão F. , Santos J. , Alfradique V. , Brair V. , Prellwitz L. , Rangel P. S. , Silva A. , Souza-Fabjan J. M.
Published: December 2019

The cryopreservation process causes oxidative stress to the sperm cell, and the addition of antioxidants to the extender for semen freezing helps sperm protection. This study assessed the effect of L-carnitine (LC) concentrations (0, 5, or 10mM LC) on two ram semen extenders (Tris-egg yolk or the commercial optiXcell IMV medium (IMV Technologies)) for semen cryopreservation. Four Santa Inês rams were used during the breeding season. After semen collection, macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were performed, and a pool of semen was formed. The semen was diluted, and the final concentration was 100×106 per 0.25-mL straw. Cryopreservation was performed with a cooling rate of 0.25°C min−1 until 5°C, and the freezing rate used was 20°C min−1 from 5 to −120°C. After the freezing-thawing process and throughout incubation (38°C in 5% CO2) in Fert-Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate medium, every 1h for up to 3h, several parameters were evaluated: sperm kinetics, hypo-osmotic test, plasma membrane integrity, capacitation status, and lipid peroxidation level. We did not find any protective effect of LC on plasma membrane integrity, hypo-osmotic test, and capacitation status. The sperm kinetics values throughout incubation showed that Tris extender promoted better indices of staight-line velocity, linearity, wobble, and straightness than IMV extender along incubation, regardless of the presence of LC. There were no benefits of the LC addition throughout the incubation, and 10mM was deleterious to few parameters (amplitude of lateral head displacement, linearity, and wobble) compared with the control (0mM) in the Tris extender group. The plasma membrane integrity analysis revealed no differences (P>0.05) among the groups. The average number of intact cells (hypo-osmotic) was higher in Tris extender groups supplemented with 10mM LC at 1h and 5mM LC at 2h compared to the respective extender IMV groups. Regarding capacitation status, the Tris 5mM LC group had more acrosome-reacted cells when compared with the IMV 5mM LC group at 2h. At 3h, the percentage of acrosome-reacted cells was higher in the Tris 0-mM group when compared with the IMV 0-mM group. Regardless the presence of LC, IMV had higher (P<0.05) lipoperoxidation than the Tris treatments. In conclusion, LC supplementation in semen extender had no beneficial effect on freezing-thawing ram sperm and throughout incubation for up to 3h, with no difference in each time point evaluated. Under the conditions of this study, the use of Tris extender was superior to IMV extender for ram sperm.
Financial support for this work came from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Young Scientist Program of Our State; E-26/203.168/2017).
40 Comparison of slow and rapid freezing in freeze-dried ram spermatozoa
Authors: Palazzese L. , Anzalone D. A. , Toschi P. , Loi P.
Published: December 2019

Semen lyophilisation is an interesting technique that might be a cheap alternative to long-term storage in liquid nitrogen. The first significant result of this method was achieved by Wakayama and Yanagimachi in the 1998 and demonstrated, for the first time, the birth of healthy mouse pups from epididymal freeze-dried (mouse) spermatozoa. The authors follow the lyophilisation technique, commonly used in the pharmaceutical and food industries, namely, deep freezing, which requires direct immersion of the semen sample into liquid nitrogen before vacuum drying. In this work, we focused on the freezing phase to improve and make the technique more reliable. We compared two protocols: 1) rapid freezing, where the semen is plunged directly into liquid nitrogen (LN group), and 2) slow freezing, where the sample is frozen with a freezing rate of 1°C min−1 until −50°C (SL group). Then, both frozen samples were lyophilized. Subsequently, after an interval ranging between 1 and 3 months, dry spermatozoa from LN and SL groups were used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and the embryo development was evaluated at 24h (2-cell stage) and 7 days (expanded blastocyst) post-ICSI. Moreover, acrosome integrity was evaluated with Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) staining on part of the semen, immediately after freezing. The LN-group semen showed the acrosome completely melted, whereas the SL group showed better integrity of the acrosome, which was comparable to that of the normal frozen (vital) spermatozoa. At 24h post-ICSI the number of cleaved embryos in the SL group was higher than in the LN group (42/100 (42%) vs. 19/75 (25.3%), SL and LN, respectively; P=0.0253). The blastocyst rate 7 days after ICSI in the SL group was higher (7/100 (7%) than that in the LN group (2/75 (2.7%); P=0.0238). Our data show that lyophilisation can be conveniently achieved in ram spermatozoa without liquid nitrogen, thus simplifying the procedure. These data support the idea that lyophilisation might be a valuable and cheaper alternative to liquid nitrogen for long-term storage of ram semen.
48 Transrectal color Doppler evaluation of umbilicus, placentomes, and uterine vascularity changes throughout pregnancy in Surti buffalo
Authors: Gaur M. , Purohit G. N.
Published: December 2019

With an objective to record the appearance, vascularity changes in umbilicus, placentomes, and blood flow to the uterus, adult (age 5-10 yr) Surti buffalo (parity=2-6; n=24) were inseminated during natural oestrus during the breeding season and scanned by transrectal B mode and colour flow mode ultrasonography every 3-4 days till Day 90 of gestation and then at an interval of 15 days for the complete gestation. The umbilical cord was first visible on Day 38; however, colour Doppler wave fronts could first be obtained on Day 46, which became increasingly distinct thereafter. The placentomes could first be identified at Day 76 of gestation. The placentome diameters increased from Day 76 until the month 7 with significant increases (P<0.05) during Day 80, and months 4, 5, and 6 of gestation; thereafter, the increase was not significant. The vascularity of placentomes could also be recognised at Day 76 and this increased with increasing months of gestation. The blood flow to the middle uterine arteries could be identified after month 2 of gestation. The resistive index values of the middle uterine artery ipsilateral to the gravid horn showed an almost linear decline with a significant (P<0.05) drop at months 4 and 9 of gestation. Similarly, resistive index values of the middle uterine artery contra-lateral to the gravid horn revealed a significant (P<0.05) decrease on month 3, 5, and 6. A significant decrease for pulsatility index values of the middle uterine artery ipsilateral to the gravid horn was observed in months 3, 6, and 8 of gestation. However, the pulsatility index values for the middle uterine artery contralateral to the gravid horn showed a nonsignificant decrease. It was concluded that the umbilicus and placentomes are first visible at 38 and 76 days of gestation and the vascularity of the umbilicus, placentomes, and middle uterine artery increases with advancement of gestation in Surti buffalo.
53 Transcriptomic profiles of uniform populations of invivo-produced spherical, ovoid, or tubular porcine embryos during the initiation of elongation
Authors: Walsh S. , Miles J. R. , Wright-Johnson E. C. , Keel B. , Rempel L. A. , Pannier A. K.
Published: December 2019

Signalling interactions among littermate porcine conceptuses during embryo elongation can alter the expression of genes that are essential in promoting successful embryo elongation. Understanding the differential expression of critical genes from uniform littermate conceptuses as they undergo the initiation of elongation can help identify critical pathways and genes to facilitate improved synchronization of embryo elongation and birthweight uniformity. The objective of this study was to identify differential gene expression from uniform porcine conceptuses as they transition through spherical (S), ovoid (O), and tubular (T) morphologies during the initiation of elongation invivo. White crossbred gilts (n=22) were bred at oestrus (designated as Day 0 of gestation) and harvested at Day 9, 10, or 11 of gestation to obtain corresponding uniform populations of each embryo morphology. Reproductive tracts were immediately collected and flushed with 40mL of RPMI-1640 medium. Based on morphology, embryos were assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) uniform S (n=8); (2) uniform O (n=8); or (3) uniform T (n=6) in which at least 80% of the embryos within each litter corresponded to the latest stage morphology. RNA-Seq was performed from 22 libraries constructed from a single invivo-produced embryo from the uniform populations of S, O, or T embryos. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) and pathway analysis were evaluated using DESEqn 2 and iPathwayGuide, respectively. For the S vs. O comparison, 5726 DEG and 7 pathways were significantly enriched, including ribosome biogenesis, spliceosome, pyrimidine metabolism, RNA polymerase, one carbon pool by folate, ECM-receptor interaction, and MAPK signaling pathways. For the S vs. T comparison, 5914 DEG and 7 pathways were significantly enriched, including ribosome biogenesis, DNA replication, pyrimidine metabolism, cell cycle, mismatch repair, spliceosome, and one carbon pool by folate pathways. Interestingly, most of the transcripts in pathways involving DNA processing, nucleotide metabolism, transcription, and post-transcriptional modifications were upregulated in S embryos compared with O and T embryos. For the O vs. T comparison, only 20 DEG were identified and no pathways were found to be significant after FDR adjustment. These data illustrate dramatic changes in the transcriptomes from pre-elongation stage S embryos compared with transitional stage O and T embryos, and provide putative genes and pathways involved in internal signals for the initiation of embryo elongation in pigs.
The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Funding was provided by USDA-NIFA-AFRI grant no. 2017-67015-26456.
85 Regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling post-fertilisation is essential for efficient development of bovine pre-implantation embryos
Authors: El Sheikh M. , Mesalam A. , Mesalam A. , Lee K. , Kong I.
Published: December 2019

The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is considered a key regulator of various cellular responses related to growth, proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and autophagy. The expression of mTOR in cumulus cells and all oocyte stages highlights a role in embryonic development, but its function in the context of embryo development is not completely clarified. In the current study, we investigated the effect of mTOR activation on the total cleavage and blastocyst development rates in bovine. Oocytes collected from bovine ovaries were invitro matured (around 50 oocytes per group) and fertilised before incubation with the mTOR activator MHY1485 (1 µM) for 72h at 38.5°C and 5% CO2. The total cleavage rate at Day 4 post-fertilisation and the blastocyst development rate at Day 8 post-fertilisation were recorded. The expression levels of the mTOR and PI3K in Day 8 blastocysts were investigated using immunofluorescence and imaged using confocal laser-scanning microscope, whereas the fluorescence intensity was analysed using ImageJ software. The difference between groups was analysed using Student's t-test (GraphPad Prism). Results of microscopic investigations showed higher rates of Day 4 cleavage (83.7±1.3 vs. 72±0.8% for control) and Day 8 blastocyst development (40.4±1.7 vs. 33±1.8% for control) upon addition of MHY1485 (P<0.05). The immunofluorescence showed higher mTOR and PI3K expression levels in MHY1485-treated group than the untreated control (P<0.05). The total number of cells per blastocyst, using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of the nuclei, was higher in the mTOR-activated group (194.9±4.8 vs. 171.3±3.5 for control). In conclusion, our data reflect the essential role of the mTOR signaling for bovine pre-implantation embryonic development.
Purification, cDNA cloning and characterization of Kunitz-type protease inhibitors from Apios americana tubers
Authors: Liu Jia , Yonekura Masami , Kouzuma Yoshiaki
Published: December 2019

Two kinds of Kunitz-type protease inhibitors, AKPI1 and AKPI2, were purified from Apios americana tubers by four steps of column chromatographies and their cDNA cloning was performed. AKPI1 cDNA consist of 809 nucleotides, and the matured protein had 190 amino acids with 20,594 Da. AKPI2 cDNA consist of 794 nucleotides, and the matured protein had 177 amino acids with 19,336 Da. P1 site of AKPI2 was Leu88, suggested the target enzyme was chymotrypsin. On the other hand, Gly85-Ile86-Ser87 was positioned around P1 site of AKTI1. Sequence analysis suggested that two forms (single-chain and two-chain form) of AKPI2 protein were present in the tubers. Recombinant AKPI2 expressed by E.coli system showed inhibitory activity toward serine proteases and heat stability. The Ki values toward chymotrypsin and trypsin were 4 × 10−7 M and 6 × 10−6 M, respectively.

Abbreviations: AAL: Apios americana lectin; AATI: Apios americana Bowman-Birk type trypsin inhibitor; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; IPTG: isopropyl-β-D-thio-galactopyranoside; Ki: inhibition constant; KPIs: Kunitz-type protease inhibitors; L-BAPA: Benzoyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide monohydrochloride; L-BTPA: Benzoyl-L-tyrosine p-nitroanilide; PFLNA: Pyr-Phe-Leu-p-nitroanilide; RP-HPLC: reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography; RT-PCR: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SLIC: sequence and ligation independent cloning; STANA: N-Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Ala-p-nitroanilide; SHR: spontaneously hypertensive rats; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; UTR: untranslated region.
Full distribution of first exit times in the narrow escape problem
Authors: Grebenkov Denis S , Metzler Ralf , Oshanin Gleb
Published: December 2019

In the scenario of the narrow escape problem (NEP) a particle diffuses in a finite container and eventually leaves it through a small ‘escape window’ in the otherwise impermeable boundary, once it arrives to this window and crosses an entropic barrier at the entrance to it. This generic problem is mathematically identical to that of a diffusion-mediated reaction with a partially-reactive site on the container’s boundary. Considerable knowledge is available on the dependence of the mean first-reaction time (FRT) on the pertinent parameters. We here go a distinct step further and derive the full FRT distribution for the NEP. We demonstrate that typical FRTs may be orders of magnitude shorter than the mean one, thus resulting in a strong defocusing of characteristic temporal scales. We unveil the geometry-control of the typical times, emphasising the role of the initial distance to the target as a decisive parameter. A crucial finding is the further FRT defocusing due to the barrier, necessitating repeated escape or reaction attempts interspersed with bulk excursions. These results add new perspectives and offer a broad comprehension of various features of the by-now classical NEP that are relevant for numerous biological and technological systems.
Q-Switched dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser using graphene as a saturable absorber
Authors: Yusoff R A M , Kasim N , Jafry A A A , Munajat Y , Harun S W , Suliman M I
Published: December 2019

We proposed stable Q-switched dual-wavelength initiated by graphene as saturable absorber inside erbium-doped fiber laser cavity. Continuous-wave and pulse spectrum of erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) was successfully demonstrated and analysed where the lasing starts at a pump power of 50.4 mW. Threshold pump power generates continuous-wave at 1560 nm which is then shifted to 1558.7 nm as the SA is inserted. Q-switched EDFL generates a maximum repetition rate of 115.9 kHz which corresponds to a pulse width of 41 μs. The generation of dual-wavelength at two different wavelengths are also demonstrated in these works.
Graphene in chitin based passive Q-switcher
Authors: Zuikafly S N F , Wan Nawawi W M F , Ngee L H , Yahaya H , Yahya W J , Ahmad F
Published: December 2019

Many materials have been utilized as saturable absorbers in generating pulsed lasers. By incorporating them with host polymers such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO), the process of saturable absorber integration into the laser cavity is made easier. This work reported the generation of Q-switched pulsed lasers based on graphene embedded in chitin saturable absorber. Graphene: chitin with a concentration of 1:1 and 1.5:1 are integrated into a fiber laser cavity and the laser performance of both SAs are recorded and compared. The graphene chitin SA of 1:1 concentration produces a higher repetition rate and shorter pulse duration of 111.77 kHz and 1.328 μs, respectively. However, the SA with higher graphene content operated at a larger range of input pump power yielding a higher instantaneous peak power and pulse energy of 7.29 mW, and 14.37 nJ, respectively. This work introduces chitin as a potentially excellent natural host polymer as an alternative to conventional ones such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO).
Fiber Laser Temperature Sensor based on Sagnac Interferometer
Authors: Omar M A , Cholan N A , Abdulrahman A M , Jaharuddin N A N , Talib R , Ngajikin N H
Published: December 2019

A fiber laser temperature sensor which is based on Sagnac interferometer is proposed in this work. The fiber laser consists of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier for signal amplification and a Sagnac interferometer for signal filtering. The Sagnac interferometer is made of 30 cm polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) and it acts as the sensing head. Experimental results suggest that the temperature does affect the laser wavelength. As the temperature varies from 30°C to 41°C, the laser wavelength is shifted to the lower wavelength from 1596.5 nm to 1581.8 nm with the recorded sensitivity of 1.1965 nm/°C. The change of the laser wavelength with temperature validates the use of this fiber laser as the temperature sensor.
Tapered single-mode optical fiber-based on localized surface plasmon resonance as refractive index sensor
Authors: Musa Nurfatin , Bakhtiar Hazri , Krishnan Ganesan , Ahmad Harith , Wadi Harun Sulaiman , Safwan Abd Aziz Muhammad
Published: December 2019

A simple tapered single-mode optical fiber-based on localized surface plasmon resonance was proposed as a refractometer for liquid samples application. The tapered optical fiber (TOF) was fabricated by using a flame–brush method and achieved a waist diameter of 16.5 µm over the length about 20 mm. 3-mercatoptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) with a mercapto group (-SH) was utilized as a silane agent to immobilized the nanoparticles by strong covalent bonding between sulphur and gold. The sensing mechanism relies on the transmission shifting in the output spectra due to the evanescent field absorption by immobilized gold nanoparticles on TOF surface. The performance of TOF has been evaluated with the surrounding refractive index varied over the range from 1.3330 to 1.4229. The sensitivity of the sensor was recorded at 18 nm/RIU with good repeatability and stability for 70 minutes.
Q-switched Thulium-doped fiber laser with Bismuth-doped fiber saturable absorber
Authors: Musa B , Latiff A A , Rusdi M F M , Rahman M F A , Zulkipli N F , Samsamnun F S M , Jafry A A A , Harun S W
Published: December 2019

We demonstrate a passive Q-switched all-fiber ring configuration in thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) cavity using a bismuth-doped fiber (BDF) as a saturable absorber (SA). A piece of 20 cm long BDF was spliced and incorporated in the laser cavity for Q-switching pulse generation. By raising the pump power from 454 mW to 564 mW, the repetition rate of the laser is tunable within a range from 18.10 kHz to 25.22 kHz while the pulse width reduces from 9.04 µs to 6.98 µs. At maximum pump power, the Q-switched TDFL has output power, a slope efficiency, pulse energy and peak power of 5 mW, 3.53 %, 0.2 µJ and 28.40 mW, respectively.
Hazard Experiences and Risk Reduction and Mitigation Initiatives of Residents in Barangay 843 – Zone 92 in Pandacan, Manila
Authors: Cipriano T. J. L. , Garcia E. B.
Published: November 2019

Hazards brought about challenges to the local residents on how they would eventually recover from these tragic and traumatic experiences. This includes the development of better and more effective ways of mitigating hazards to ensure that there are minimal damages to lives and properties. Based on fieldwork survey and semi-structured interviews involving fifty-eight (58) barangay residents, this study described the hazard experiences and risk reduction initiatives of residents of in a barangay in Pandacan, Manila. The findings of the research suggest that residents have developed risk reduction and hazard mitigating practices through the years of their exposure to hazards. Some of the local residents had a vivid recollection of their encounter with hazards, while some are ambivalent. Their individual experiences and collaborative or community effort helped the residents to have organized and coherent actions of mitigations against such hazards in the future. The production of hazard maps is touted to be one of the biggest contributions of the study that is drawn based on the survey and interviews with local officials and residents. Such maps will empower the local barangay council in identifying the hazard-prone areas and in turn will inform, create hazard awareness activities for the residents.
Perception of People on Modernized Traditional Culinary in Yogyakarta
Authors: Briantama Yanuar Ridwan , Ni Wayan Kartika S , Zithny Ilman Prihastopo , Satria Yudha A
Published: November 2019

Yogyakarta is famous for its various traditional culinary as the main tourist attraction. These traditional culinary has wide local and international market in line with local branding of “Jogja Istimewa”. Parallel with the technology development, traditional culinary had been modernized in packaging. This innovation mainly impact on product attraction and market preference. Nevertheless, the studies about this topic are rarely found. Therefore, a study about market preferences in product attraction is needed, especially about modernized traditional culinary. Perception data acquisitions are including taste, preservation, prices, and product quality. Data is collected through questionnaire and depth interview methods. Questionnaire samples are selected by using purposive sampling which consist 30 samples from Yogyakarta city and 30 others from outside Yogyakarta city. Informants for depth interview are selected from local modernized-traditional-culinary entrepreneur. Questionnaire data are analysed using quantitative method by arranging crosstab between variables, meanwhile depth interview data are analysed using qualitative method. Relationship among variables is presented in crosstab. Local people’s perception about modernized-traditional- culinary is presented by pie chart. This study aims to identify local people perspective about modernized-traditional-culinary, so that strategies for development of local economy enterprises can be determined. The right development strategies will increase product competitiveness and trigger industrial inovation which lead to higher economic growth. These are parallel with Sustainable Development Goals, particularly on “Decent Work and Economic Growth” and “Industry, Inovation, and Infrastructure”.
BRT in the Philippines: A Solution to Manila and Cebu Traffic Problems?
Authors: Boquet Yves
Published: November 2019

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), where buses run on dedicated roads at high frequency, almost in a metrorail manner, has been adopted as a backbone of urban mobility in the cities of many developing countries. Originally developed in South America (Curitiba, Brazil and Bogotá, Colombia), it has entered Asia with force, from Indonesia (Jakarta’s Transjakarta) to India and China. In the case of the Philippines, where intercity bus transportation is widely used due to the current lack of a railway network, city traffic, especially in Manila, is heavily congested, partly due to a high number of city buses running half-empty, the small proportion of road space relative to the vehicle population, and the insufficient provision of urban rail transportation. This paper examines the current situation of congestion, and its adverse effects, in the two main urban areas of the Philippines, Manila and Cebu, and the plans to implement BRT, looking at the routes chosen, the financing, the schedule of development and the expected outcomes. A major impediment to improvement in traffic conditions in the Philippines is the current boundary system, which coupled with the high number of bus operating companies leads to wild competition on the road, with the strong potential for multiple traffic jams and traffic accidents. Implementing a BRT system to make traffic smooth and fluid will require not only some road work and financing, but also a profound change in the way the bus system operates. It will also require a profound re-evaluation of intermodality between the renovated bus system, the rail system and two iconic Filipino transport modes, the aging jeepney and the lowly trisikel.
Spatial pattern of industrial region development in Sidoharjo Sub-district, Sragen Regency
Authors: Rachmawati Ghesa Meilinda , Susiloningtyas Dewi
Published: November 2019

The industrial sector is one of the main regional income and is the preeminent sector of Sragen regency especially Sidoharjo Sub-district which has increased in recent years. Regional development is required to pay attention to its leading sectors based on its potential to bring benefits to the region. The purpose of this research is to understand the pattern of spatial industrial development through the direction of industrial area development in Sidoharjo Sub-district based on its market orientation and the impact of industrial development on employment and income generation. The method used in this research is quantitative method and descriptive method of spatial. The result of research shows the development of industrial area in Sidoharjo Sub-district based on the orientation of its market area where the impact of industrial development absorbs the workforce from around industrial area. Textile industry oriented to local market and international market which have high level of employment. The international market-oriented apparel industry has a moderate rate of employment. The regional-oriented food industry has a low rate of employment. The national market-oriented processing industry has a low rate of employment.
Strengthening Local Potential for Sustainable Economic Development in Bengkulu City
Authors: Listyaningrum N. , Lestari S. F. , Riyanto I. A. , Cahyadi A. , Sulistyo B.
Published: November 2019

Number of poor population in Bengkulu City is the highest among other regencies in Bengkulu Province. Development in Bengkulu City looks forward internally, but not changing the image as lagging region in Indonesia. Although the Human Development Index (HDI) of Bengkulu City is the highest in Bengkulu Province and more than the national average, it has not been beneficial for the Bengkulu City progress. Research objectives are: (1) to know the leading sector in Bengkulu City, (2) to know the chain of regional economic issues of Bengkulu City, and (3) to formulate a strategy of sustainable economic development in Bengkulu City. Method which is used in this research is literature study and descriptive analysis towards calculation results of location quotient (LQ), specialization index (SI), Theil entropy index (TEI), shift-share analysis, and Klassen typology based on gross domestic product (GDP) data. The results show that the most leading sector in Bengkulu City is company service, with LQ of 2.97 (2011); 3.02 (2012); and 2.96 (2013). The regional economic issues in Bengkulu City can not be separated by disparity of the leading sector, unspecialized of the leading sector, low competitiveness and lagged of the leading sector, coupled with increasing of poor population, not optimalized of HDI utilization, and low function of regional development key. Development strategy in Bengkulu City formulated through local potential empowerment, such as developing company service sector, increasing the company setor service competitiveness, and creating generative city relations.
How do various types of non-metropolitan regions react to economic shocks?
Authors: Ženka Jan , Slach Ondřej
Published: November 2019

There have been many studies focused on regional resilience and its particular determinants at regional level such as population size, industry mix, specialization/diversity, firm size structure, export orientation or institutions. Our research question is: which types of regions are more resilient: metropolitan or non-metropolitan regions, urban cores or hinterlands, peripheral, branch plant or single factory regions? These questions were examined in our case study of post-crisis (2009-2014) economic development of Czech city-regions. We propose a typology of city-regions based on particularities in economic structure, key actors and mechanisms of development. Eight main categories of Czech city-regions were distinguished: metropolitan cores, metropolitan hinterlands, medium-sized urban regions with metropolitan functions, peripheral city- regions, single factory city-regions dominated by a large domestic manufacturing firm, “ordinary” diversified industrial city-regions, lower and higher-tiered branch plant regions dominated mostly by foreign-owned manufacturing assembly plants. We conducted a quantitative analysis focused on differences among the above mentioned types of regions in the dynamics of post-crisis growth of value added and employment in agriculture, industry, construction and business services. Empirical results show that differences in resilience among particular types of regions were relatively small. Surprisingly, single-factory city-regions and higher-tiered branch plant regions exhibited the most rapid pace of recovery, while the metropolitan cores and hinterlands lagged behind significantly.
Land Use Change of Cisadane River Buffer Strips, South Tangerang City, Indonesia
Authors: Izzati U , Hasibuan H S , Indra T L
Published: November 2019

A river buffer strip is a vegetated area along river water bodies that protect and conserve river functions and eco-drainage of watershed. Currently, buffer strip quality has degraded by many land use conversion to settlement area. The critical condition of river buffer strip is more vulnerable in urban areas. Urbanization is also a driving factor for emergence of settlements at the banks of river in urban area. This land conversion may disrupt ecological functions of river buffer strips as well as river functions. The disruption of river functions may increase flooding risk that would be harmful to human community as well. Cisadane River is a large river that crosses many cities - one of them is South Tangerang City. This study aims to map and analyse land use changes in Cisadane river buffer strip. Land use change analysis based on satellite image data coverage in 2010 and 2015 using Geographic Information System. Source of land use data from google earth image. The result showed that in 5 years period, land built up has increased up to 1.04%, agricultural land has decreased up to 2.24%, the shrubs has increased up to 13.40%, open field has increased to 2.49%, stands vegetation has decreased to 15.73%, and water bodies has increased to 1.04%. The land use changes of Cisadane River buffer strips show a negative change - there is increasing built up land, open field, and shrubs; but declining stands vegetation. Changes in land use also do not disregarding river buffer designation; therefore those changes can disrupt ecological functions and give negative impact to river and watershed.
The Effect of Jatigede Dam Construction towards the Spatial Pattern of Total Suspended Solids and Chl-a in Waters Areas around Mouth of Cimanuk River
Authors: Sukarno R H T H , Intansari F , Shidiq I P A , Hernina R. , Kusratmoko E
Published: November 2019

Construction of dams in the upstream area will lead to changes in flow water, sediment output in the downstream area and change nutrients entry into estuatries then affects chl-a (Chl-a) concentration. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of the functioning of the dam Jatigede in Sumedang District towards the condition of total suspended solids (TSS) and chl-a (Chl-a) concentration in the sea water around the mouth of the Cimanuk River. In this study, we used multi-temporal Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery to determine the spatial pattern of TSS during the time before and after the functioning of dam Jatigede. The results showed that after the Jatigede Dam operated, the distributions and amounts of TSS concentration > 80mg/l tends to reduce, especially at the water areas close to the coast and the Cimanuk river discharge no longer significantly affects the spatial distribution of TSS concentrations. The watershed discharge also affects the distribution area of Chl-a 0.5-1 mg/m3 which tend to decrease in the water nearby to land.
Agricultural restructuring towards raising added values and sustainable development in Hanoi city, Vietnam
Authors: Le D M
Published: November 2019

Hanoi both is the capital, the leading political, economic, commercial, tourist, cultural, educational, training and scientific-technical center of the country with the population of approximate 7.5 million. Therefore, agriculture plays an important role in satisfying the increasing demand of the people on agricultural products, especially organic products. However, limitations remain in the sector. To bring the capital’s agriculture into advanced and sustainable development, restructure is a breakthrough solution. By the study of the author, the article provides specific analysis on the current situation and direction of agricultural restructuring in the Hanoi by the year 2020.
Changes in the Value of Sinuosity Index in Komering River Channel, Province South Sumatera Years 1990 - 2016
Authors: Kusratmoko E. , Wibowo A. , Ahmad Kurnia A.
Published: November 2019

Komering Watershed has experienced degradation in the quality of environment and ecosystems. This ecosystem and environmental degradation is due to significant deforestation and land conversion in upstream and central areas. Land conversion which led to erosion in the upstream and sedimentation in the downstream causing changes in river channel. This study aims to analyze the deformation (morphodynamics) of river channel of Komering River in 1990, 1997, 2000, 2010 and 2013. The occurred changes are identified using satellite image interpretation and calculation from sinuosity index based on changes in river channel. Satellite image data are obtained from multitemporal Landsat images to identify changes in the river channel, while sinuosity index is used as an indicator of changes in the river channel. The results of this study showed that during 26 years period (1990 - 2016), the channel of Komering River changes in eleven locations. There are five locations that indicate tendencies to be straight and six locations show tendencies to get curved. This conclusion is based on the calculation of the sinuosity index value due to changes in land cover.
Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis for Urban Sustainable Built Up Area Based on Urban Heat Island in Serang City
Authors: Januadi Putra Muhamad Iqbal , Yoga Affandani Ahadi , Widodo Tri , Wibowo Adi
Published: November 2019

The rapid of human occupancy in Serang City has caused the development activity of the built-up area increased significantly. Increased development has led to the phenomenon of Urban Heat Island (UHI), namely the increase in air temperatures in the Serang City that threatens the survival of society. Meanwhile, at the same time, Serang City is urged to keep doing development to provide land for community activities. Against this background, spatial analysis is needed to determine the development of built-up area based on the principle of sustainability. Regional modeling of sustainable area development based on sustainability in Serang city can do by using SMCE (Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation). The various criteria covering UHI distribution, distance from the road, distance from the river, land use data, and physiographic data were processed by specific weighting so that the resulting suitability area of the built-up area. The distribution of UHI in Serang City agglomerated in the center of Serang City with the highest surface temperature value of 32°C. Meanwhile, through the SMCE modeling results, the region's suitability area of 3.313 Ha was established which distributed at several points in Serang City and spread linearly following the road network with the extended area of 3.538 Ha. Meanwhile, the central, north, and west of Serang City area dominated by unsuitable for a built-up area with a total area of 19.553 Ha.
The Influence of Certificaton of Gayo Coffee Geographical Indication Against Value Added of Coffee In Gayo Highlands, Aceh
Authors: Damayanti Triska , Setiadi Hafid
Published: November 2019

Indonesia is the third largest coffee producing country in the world after Brazil and Vietnam. Coffee is one of the main commodities that bring foreign exchange for Indonesia. The natural characteristics of the Gayo Highlands, located in Aceh province, are particularly suitable for Arabica coffee plants. Gayo Coffee has been successfully sold to the International market with a strong and complex flavor and good viscosity. To avoid improper trade practices, Gayo Coffee currently has a Geographical Indication Certification or known as (GI) that has been running since the end of 2009. This study examines how GI's influence on the value-added chain that occurs in the Gayo Coffee trade process. The data collection method that will be used in this research is by directly interview with GI stakeholders, conduct a direct survey of the value chain actors and also make observations on farmers by participatory observation. The result is that GI does not affect the change of Gayo Coffee value chain, but GI has increased the value added of coffee by increasing the selling price of coffee from each value chain actor.
Spatial Model of Settlement Expansion and its Suitability to the Landscapes in Singkawang City, West Kalimantan Province
Authors: Lisanyoto L. , Supriatna  , Sumadio W
Published: November 2019

Expansion of settlement is part of a change that happens in a land cover that occurs in a city, changes in the land cover itself occur due to a development process that happens dynamically. Singkawang City has experienced land cover changes, in 2014-2015 Singkawang City have decreased the farming area by 5.33% and a population growth of 2.67%, and from the projection of data, Singkawang’s Population will increase by 22.14% from 2015 to 2035. The purpose of this study aims to analyze the spatial pattern of settlement expansion that occurred in Singkawang city, and by using Cellular Automata Markov Chains (CAMC) it could identify the condition of settlement in Singkawang City in 2032 by model projection. This method assumes that each existing cell will represent a unique land cover and will affect each other's surrounding cells after the model have been made, the model will be overlaid with the Singkawang City landscape suitability model using Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) method. The results show that the calibrated data can be used to predict settlement expansion by 2032 and suitable landscape conditions will support the current existing expansion. Afterwards, settleme nt areas that are currently expanding will always be affected by geographical and development factors in the region. In the end, it is necessary to analyze between the model that has been developed with the Regional urban plan of Singkawang City to see the availability of space for the construction of settlements and buildings in a sustainable manner.
A Study of Anticipating the Flood Hazard in Agricultural Areas in Ular Watershed by Using Geospatial Approach
Authors: Arselan Rambe Ahmad , Ash Shidiq Iqbal Putut
Published: November 2019

Indonesia is a country which is extremely vulnerable to the natural disasters, one of which is Indonesia is a country vulnerable to various natural disasters such as flood. Flood in a coastal area can cause plant damages and increase of plant diseases. Flood is potential to disrupt the food security because the production of crops decreases due to the damages to agricultural and fishery areas. Therefore, it is necessary to make some efforts to develop the anticipationability to face flood in order to reduce the flood impacts. This research is a descriptive quantitative encompassing the analysis of potentials of flood hazard in the agricultural areas and the implementation of forms of anticipation in the agricultural areas which are vulnerable to flood hazard. The mapping of distribution areas that are vulnerable to flood hazard in Ular watershed by utilizing the technology of Geographic Information System through the overlay method for rainfall, geomorphologic, land use, and flood mappings. According to the research results, The area with high flood vulnerability class is 1,105.56 ha The anticipation efforts which the farmers have carried out are: (1) building some dams and embankments along the borderline of the Ular River, (2) selecting the types of plants and patterns of planting, and (3) preparing some budget to anticipate the damage due to flood. The effort that has been done to anticipate the flood, is pay Agricultural Insurance preimium of Rp. 50.000, - per hectare, where with the sum insured price of Rp.6.000.000, - per hectare, then the cost of compensation to be prepared by the government is Rp. 6,000,000 x 1,105.56 ha = Rp. 6.630.000.000,00 per planting season.