bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indistruttibili architetture illuminano le cittŕ: arte, energia, nuovi parchi tra bunker e caserme
Authors: Ferlenga Alberto , De Maio Fernanda
Published: June 2021

Military areas and establishments are interesting spaces for contemporary towns and cities. For example they store memories which have now been lost in the urban structure, like walls or gates, or a sense of secrecy and emptiness increased by their inaccessibility. As soon as the availability of these places starts to manifest as a concrete opportunity for redevelopment, problems of different types arise. This paper addresses important aspects of design and proposes a series of examples and references to the European context.
Il Master Plan per le aree militari di Piacenza. Processo, attori e forme di conoscenza
Authors: Pasqui Gabriele
Published: June 2021

The engagement to produce a Master Plan for the redevelopment of military areas (barracks and service areas) constitutes an interesting example of the problems connected with the reuse of land and property assets used by the Ministry of Defence. The essay describes the context in which the planning process was introduced, the characteristics of the military areas to be redeveloped and the complex affairs which led to the suspension of the Master Plan after the conclusion of the first exploratory stage. The story told enables some general considerations to be made on four subjects: the more or less particular nature of military areas compared to other types of underused areas; the great uncertainty over the rules and strategies of the actors; the potential role of municipal administrations in the management of these processes; the forms of knowledge in use and the skills needed to manage them effectively.
Continuitŕ critica e restauro del moderno
Authors: Galliani Pierfranco
Published: June 2021

The international framework highlights the complexity of the issues which modern restoration raises over the varied quality production of the 20th century, underlining its specificities, the variety and the vastness of its sources and the design and technological implications posed by continued use. The papers which follow lie on the borderline of the dialogue between designers and restorers, reflecting on the history of the modern, on the relationship between the ‘critical continuity' of the modern and its internal organisation and on co-operation between architectural conservation and the transformation of contemporary contexts, within the issues of memory and identity which architecture involves, even in restoration projects which do not exclude modifications. The different orientations highlight the increased attention paid to a past that is still present as a physical fact and in everyday use.
Restauro del moderno: fortuna critica, incertezze attuative
Authors: Crippa Maria Antonietta
Published: June 2021

This paper critically explores the relationship between the history of modern architecture and restoration of the modern, identifying connections and discrepancies between the contexts of the two disciplines. It finds the cause of the latter in the unstable structure of the history of modern architecture, which is changing rapidly from many points of view. It highlights how this situation can easily lead to problems and controversy over the restoration of the modern and especially over the specific conservation techniques designed to maintain its authenticity. Two famous images of Walter Benjamin are used to quickly underline the contradictions in which restoration may fall, those of the angel of history and of the pearl diver, taking them as a historical paradox. The purpose is also to underline the questions which accumulate around the history of the tradition of the modern.
Specificitŕ del restauro del moderno
Authors: Poretti Sergio
Published: June 2021

The paper begins with a brief overview of the history of the restoration of the modern and then goes on to explore the specific characteristics, posing the question of whether the new technical problems in the practice of restoring the modern are to be sought in the basic mainstream principles, theories and traditional methods of restoration or whether they constitute a powerful tool to develop, perhaps experimentally, a renewal of the general approach to conservation in architecture. Although it is important not to generalise in the approach to intervention on modern architecture, very specific situations were discovered in terms of historical investigation, analysis of degeneration and the lines of designs for intervention which are also illustrated with specific cases.
Policromia e scienze della conservazione: il caso Bauhaus a Dessau
Authors: Danzl Thomas
Published: June 2021

The first part of the essay reviews considerations made since the end of the Second World War in Germany on the conservation of modern architecture and it identifies the complex issue of the value of the memories that architecture carries in it, even in restoration projects which do not exclude modifications, the introduction of new parts and rebuilding. The objective is to identify the characteristics of critical and conservative restoration which leaves the traces of time and the losses on view, so that a 20th Century monument becomes a document of itself. The procedures followed for the conservative restoration of the Bauhaus buildings at Dessau are therefore carefully reviewed, reporting the progressive clarification of the method, which took final concrete form in the material conservation of the polychromes of the interior views through the application of conservation sciences.
Immagini contese nella prassi urbanistica. Riflessioni a partire dal caso milanese
Authors: Gervasoni Denis
Published: June 2021

The concept of an image, used in various urban planning and governance projects, is far from unequivocal and holds many meanings within it. Its nature can be observed from many different points of view ranging from its role as a graphic representation, to the role played by images themselves in governance processes and the results that their use generates. Discussion of the subject starts with definitions in the literature and addresses three factors of ambiguity in the use of images: visual communication, the role of images and outcomes of their use in decision-making processes. Examples are found in some experiences in the Milan area and in the Lombardy region. The discussion explores the strengths and weaknesses in the use of images as a guide and support for urban planning decisionmaking processes.
Milano, Expo 2015: problemi irrisolti e potenzialitŕ di sviluppo
Authors: Erba Valeria , Di Vita Stefano
Published: June 2021

The global crisis is highlighting the limitations of the relationships, not to be taken for granted, between major events and urban and regional development. The difficulties so far encountered in these relationships in Milan in the run up to the 2015 Expo are quite significant. Analyses of the progress of the projects and the acquisition of opinions from leading protagonists of local institutions provide an update on the strengths and weaknesses of this major Milan event, drawn for previous editions of the Forum. At the same time they identify some of the potential for the renewal of traditional urban development models in major events, seen in terms of their regional metropolitan dimension.
Efficienza amministrativa, beni pubblici e interessi mafiosi
Authors: Savoldi Paola
Published: June 2021

The spread of illegal conduct related to the presence of organised crime in its current forms can be seen as related to weaknesses in the ability to govern some of the changes and innovations that have occurred in the functioning of public administrations in recent years, according to the paradigm of new public management. More specifically, in some cases systematic recourse to outsourcing, justified on the grounds of administrative efficiency, creates genuine wide open doors for the interests of organised crime.
La legalità come strumento di contrasto al consumo di suolo
Authors: Gibelli Maria Cristina , Righini Serena
Published: June 2021

One fact seems indisputable: the assault on land in Lombardy, sometimes completely illegal and sometimes authorised by law, is not countered by urban planning legislation which tends towards flexibility and streamlined procedures and has created conditions so that local municipal authorities can act mainly without complying with general plans. This blurred area constitutes an easy way in for mafia type behaviour.
Architettura e paesaggio tra prossimità e distanza
Authors: Coppetti Barbara
Published: June 2021

The paper starts from the idea of the architectural nature of the landscape with the intention or revealing the figurative quality of mediocre contemporary landscapes, in relation to the search for meaning which design must confer on specific and close places. It is possible through architecture, even in a rarefied urban context, to research and propose new dynamic and changeable rules for urban planning. The scenarios proposed for the use of public land at Tor Bella Monaca are intended to highlight the relationship between the dimensions of architecture and those of the landscape: by reconsidering the density of the gap between Tor Bella Monaca and Torre Angela along the western edge; by designing new transverse areas to connect the neighbourhood internally; by working on the dialogue between the open courtyards along the eastern edge and the landscape of the Agro Romano countryside which runs into it.
Costruire sul costruito. Ipotesi operative a confronto
Authors: Tosoni Vitaliano
Published: June 2021

Research activities are trying to address the issues of the recovery, redevelopment and enhancement of the buildings of the Tor Bella Monica neighbourhood through the formulation of a set of operations designed to achieve the social, cultural and architectural promotion of these buildings. By looking at the technical limitations resulting from the heavy prefabricated methods used to build them and also through reference to national and international case studies, a picture was constructed of possible types of action to take as an initial core set of operations designed to support the design process through graphic simulations, the indication of operational areas and the magnitude of the intervention proposed.
Infrastrutture: reti, spazi a luoghi. Il caso del quartiere Tor Bella Monaca a Roma
Authors: Ferrari Davide , Lunelli Carlo
Published: June 2021

This paper analyses the close relationships which connect infrastructures, public space and mobility. It asserts that these three ‘variables' are closely dependent on each other, by showing how, especially on the scale of what is termed the ‘local network', infrastructures not only take on the character of a ‘network', but also that of space so that they end up by coinciding or interfering with most public spaces in the neighbourhoods, and that the current mobility model is making the repercussions which that conflict of use is having on the quality of public space worse. The Tor Bella Monaca case is used to show that it is indispensable today to plan on the one hand by adopting a new mobility model, following European guidelines, and on the other that the identification of space and infrastructures with public space involves a series of strategies designed to adapt them to their new found dual nature.
INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF BANKING INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Gavrilko Tetiana , Sokol Anastasia
Published: June 2021

The article studies the essence of the concept of “banking innovation” and concludes that it is expedient to consider it as a set of innovations in different areas of banking activity, leading to the achievement of the goals and a certain economic result. The basic kinds of bank innovations and functions that are inherent in them are analyzed. The most widespread bank innovation products, typical for modern Ukrainian banks are allocated. By the example of JSC CB PrivatBank, the most progressive innovative products of remote banking in Ukraine are considered: Privat24, Kopilka, QR-banking, Smart Filling Station, PhotoCasa, Privat24 to Google Glasses. The concept of full remote banking on the example of “Monobank” which is the first bank of this type in Ukraine is analyzed. The actions of banking institutions under conditions of the corona crisis that led to the growth of demand for remote financial services and consumer activity in the segment of digital payments were analyzed. The article considers the ways banks behave during of crisis phenomena in the society, aimed at optimizing business processes, typing of customer composition and intensifying the process of standardizing existing procedures to ensure integration into online services. Attention was focused on the best practices of domestic banking institutions in strengthening customer orientation, primarily in relation to customers from the segment of small and medium-sized businesses and those who need to solve non-standard problems. Attention was focused on the need to take into account the dynamics of changes in the needs of customers, providing a comfortable and accessible service to build customer loyalty and increase confidence in the banking institution. The comparison of technical support of “classic” banking institutions and fintech companies was made, which allowed to draw conclusions about the factors that can increase the chances of success and increase the level of competitiveness of banking institutions. Determined the directions of innovative activities of domestic banking institutions in terms of enhancing the processes of digitalization and the use of modern financial technologies. The need to strengthen communications with members of the fintech ecosystem, primarily fintech companies and companies operating in the field of big data, was substantiated.
Place of Pragmatics in EFL Classroom
Authors: Akbar Khansir Ali , Pakdel Farhad
Published: June 2021

The main aim of this article is to discuss the place of Pragmatics in EFL classroom. Pragmatics is one of the branches of linguistics which is concerned with the study of meaning as com-municated by a speaker and interpreted by a listener. Pragmatics has fairly recently become the focuses of attention in language studies. On the other hand, it is important to remember that in recent years, pragmatics components have been used in language teaching contexts, syllabus design, by language teachers over the world. Many research works have been done by many language researchers in different aspects of pragmatics competence. Language teacher uses pragmatic as a functional approach in his/her language classroom. However, pragmatic follow the general principles for men when they communicate with others. Prag-matics study sentences not in isolation but with reference to the context of a situation and it is defined as the interaction between a sequence of language and the real-world situation in which it is used.
Charge Syndrome Hallmarked with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome and Patent Ductus Arteriosus; 20 Years Post-Repairing; An Extreme Combination
Authors: Hassanain Elsayed Yasser Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Rationale: CHARGE syndrome or Hall-Hittner syndrome is a pleiotropic disorder, in which the name is derived from the abbreviation epitomizing its six clinical criteria: ocular coloboma, cardiac defects, choanal atresia, growth or developmental retardation, genital hypoplasia, and ear anomalies or deafness. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is the most frequent pattern of ventricular pre-excitation. Patent ductus arteriosus is one of the most frequent congenital heart diseases due to failure of closure of the ductus arteriosus within 72 hours of birth. CHARGE syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and patent ductus arteriosus are so difficult to be present in a single entity. Patient concerns: A young female girl patient presented to the physician’s outpatient clinic with acute confusion status with a past repaired patent ductus arteriosus. Diagnosis: CHARGE syndrome hallmarked with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and patent ductus arteriosus; 20 years post-repairing. Interventions: Plain chest x-ray, electrocardiography, oxygenation, and echocardiography. Outcomes: A dramatic clinical improvement post-oxygenation had happened. Lessons: CHARGE syndrome with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and repaired patent ductus arteriosus is an extreme combination. The existence of infantile electrocardiographic Tee-Pee sign of hypocalcemia and adult low ionized calcium with CHARGE syndrome is highly suggestive of associated DiGeorge phenotype syndrome. An absence of tachycardia post- repairing of patent ductus arteriosus from 11 mo until the 20th-year-old is a good prognostic sign. The presence of an infantile T-wave alternance will strengthen both the risk of serious arrhythmia and the efficacy of patent ductus arteriosus repairing.
Analisis Kesalahan Menulis Narasi Ekspositoris pada Siswa
Authors: Halidu Salma , Haris Dua Sri Bella
Published: June 2021

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesalahan dalam menulis narasi ekspositoris siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, tes, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian yaitu karangan siswa kelas V SDN 4 Bulango Timur. Objek penelitiannya adalah kesalahan siswa dalam menulis narasi ekspositoris. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan masih terdapat banyak kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menulis narasi ekspositoris. Aspek yang dinilai yaitu: (1) merangkai cerita sesuai tema, (2) menuliskan latar (tempat, waktu, dan suasana), (3) menuliskan perbuatan tokoh, (4) penggunaan ejaan dan tanda baca. Kesalahan paling banyak yang dilakukan oleh siswa adalah kesalahan dalam menuliskan latar (tempat, waktu, suasana) yang mencapai 87,5%. Kemudian kesalahan penggunaan ejaan dan tanda baca sebesar 81,3%, kesalahan dalam menentukan perbuatan tokoh mencapai 75,0%, serta merangkai cerita sesuai tema mencapai 43.8%

 Abstract

This study aims to analyze the errors in writing students' expository narratives. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. The research subjects were essays from fifth grade students of SDN 4 Bulango Timur. The object of the research is the students' mistakes in writing expository narratives. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there were still many mistakes made by students in writing expository narratives. The aspects that are assessed are: (1) arranging the story according to the theme, (2) writing the setting (place, time, and atmosphere), (3) writing down the character's actions, (4) using spelling and punctuation. The most mistakes made by students were errors in writing the setting (place, time, atmosphere) which reached 87.5%. Then errors in the use of spelling and punctuation were 81.3%, errors in determining the character's actions reached 75.0%, and assembling stories according to themes reached 43.8%.
Discussion of "xia" in Chinese from Semantics Perspective: Suggestions for Vietnamese Learners
Authors: Phung, Pho Cuong
Published: June 2021

Chinese is a broad and profound language, especially in terms of vocabulary, in which a word can have different meanings. Therefore, it is inevitable to cause a considerable obstacle to learners. "下" (xia) is a very specific example mentioned above. This article semantically touches on the similarities between Chinese and Vietnamese in terms of meaning and differences between the Chinese "下" and the Vietnamese "dưới" by reviewing and applying a contrasting method. As a result, a number of relevant guidance will be given for both teachers and learners via the findings. The study concludes with some appropriate teaching strategies to enhance teachers’ teaching ability.
МЕТОДИКА ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ КІЛЬКОСТІ СИЛ І ЗАСОБІВ ДЕСАНТНО-ШТУРМОВИХ ВІЙСЬК ПРИ ВИКОНАННІ БОЙОВИХ ЗАВДАНЬ
Authors: Адамов Юрій , Завальнюк Володимир , Дідик Валентин , Печорін Олександр
Published: June 2021

У статті розглядається порядок визначення необхідної і оптимальної кількості сил та засобів частин Десантно-штурмових військ ЗС України, необхідних для успішного виконання поставлених бойових завдань. Запропонована математична модель ґрунтується на концепції бойового потенціалу  та застосовує квадратичне рівняння Ланчестера для оцінки втрат і необхідного початкового потенціалу сил, які проводять наступ як в ході кожного з етапів виконання багатоетапного бойового завдання, так і всього завдання в цілому. На основі аналізу даних отриманих в результаті розрахунків математичної моделі, пропонується методика визначення оптимальної послідовності захоплення (знищення) об’єктів противника, при якій відсоток втрат є мінімальним (при фіксованому значенні початкового бойового потенціалу) або необхідний початковий потенціал (за заданого відсотку втрат) є найменшим. Також зважено порядок дій підрозділів при можливих змінах маршрутів пересування при зміні порядку знищення сил та засобів противника, та як визначення оптимального порядку може дещо ускладнитися та потребує перебору всіх можливих варіантів. Згідно методики, наведено приклад проведення розрахунків, щодо здійснення десантно-рейдових дій, в ході яких необхідно провести десантування на територію противника, знищити (захопити) три цільові об’єкти та зайняти оборону в очікуванні підходу основних сил. При цьому в розрахунки враховано втрати бойового потенціалу повітряного десанту, які можуть виникнути у ході виконання бойового завдання. Результати розрахунків наведені в таблицях які містять дані, для аналізу та вибору найбільш оптимального варіанту застосування десантно-рейдових підрозділів при виконанні бойових завдань.
基于智能电网的配电自动化建设路径探析
Authors: 钱 杰
Published: June 2021

配电自动化技术对于智能配电网具有重要意义，同时智能电网的配电自动化技术是发展的必然条件，通过对智能电网自动化技术的提升，提高了供电质量和安全性，同时自动化建设对于智能电网的可靠性发挥着不可忽视的作用。为了促进我国智能电网的建设步伐，相关研究人员需要对自动化技术进行研究，不断推动我国智能电网自动化技术的发展。所以文中针对智能电网配电自动化建设内容进行探析，针对各类问题，探析出配电自动化技术的建设路径，不断提高我国电网的配电功能，希望此项技术的研究能够推动我国智能电网系统。
城市轨道交通TOD模式应用研究
Authors: 孙 晓丽
Published: June 2021

提倡生态绿色发展背景下，建设以公共交通为主导的城市综合交通系统，是实现城市可持续发展的重要方式。轨道交通实现低碳绿色出行，同时可以较大程度缓解城市交通拥堵。TOD模式集住宅、商店、办公楼、开放空间及其他公共设施为一体。本文通过对轨道交通TOD代表城市（东京、香港）的研究，分析轨道交通TOD开发模式及主要特点，发现城市公共交通系统与城市用地开发有着密切的发展关系。因此轨道交通TOD需要承担更多的使命、复合更多的功能，形成“轨道TOD”的城市发展模式和都市生活方式。
通讯工程中有线传输技术的应用及改进分析
Authors: 沈 平
Published: June 2021

近年来，在社会快速发展的影响下，民众的生活水平得到了显著的提升，各个行业也得到了良好的发展进步，为了促进人们的沟通交流，无线传输技术以及有线传输技术应时而生，但是因为受到多方面因素的影响所以使得我国通讯工程中有线传输技术整体水平还没有达到成熟的状态，其中还存在诸多的问题需要我们加以切实的解决。这篇文章主要围绕通讯工程中有线传输技术的实践运用展开全面分析研究，并且对其中存在的问题提出了解决的建议，希望能够对我国通讯工程的未来良好发展有所帮助。
大数据时代智慧全域旅游云平台设计分析
Authors: 何 丞刚 , 方 小明 , 冯 庆锋
Published: June 2021

文中简要介绍了智慧旅游体系设计理念：信息资源高效交互、全面采集客流资源、深层挖掘游客需求、构建全域智慧旅游新环境；探索了智慧旅游云服务的设计方法：大数据平台整体设计、景区业务模块设计、智能服务模块设计、景区运维模块设计等，以期在旅游各环节中融合智能服务思想，提升智慧旅游构建的全面性，为游客提供优质的旅游服务，增强游客旅游体验。
城市地籍测绘与不动产测绘中相关问题分析
Authors: 李 汉卿
Published: June 2021

在社会快速发展的推动下，我国城市建设工作得到了全面的实施，城市要想保证持续稳定的发展，那么最为重要的就是需要充分结合各方面实际情况来落实城市规划工作。在制定城市规划的时候，城市地基测绘与不动产测绘工作的作用是非常重要的，借助专业的测绘方法能够保证所得到的测绘结果的准确性，这样就可以为城市发展规划以及各项建设工作的实施给予良好的帮助。这篇文章主要针对城市地籍测绘与不动产测绘相关问题展开全面深入的研究分析，希望能够对我国综合国力的不断提升有所助益。
TOWARDS PROGRAMME IMPROVEMENT IN NON-FORMAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN MOZAMBIQUE
Authors: Manuel Alzira , Popov Oleg , Buque Domingos
Published: June 2021

The current situation of Mozambique, characterized by limited but highly needed Formal Vocational Education, demands the development and improvement of Non-formal Vocational Education and Training (NFVET). NFVET can provide relevant knowledge and skills, particularly for out of school and unemployed youth and adults to promote social inclusion and development. This is a qualitative case study with some elements of action research. Semi-structured interviews with six educators, classroom observations and two focus group interviews with former participants were implemented. The research aims to explore ways by which NFVET programmes can be improved in order to increase people’s chances, not only to get work, but also to be able to participate actively in their own process of development. The findings suggest some directions for the improvement of NFVET in Mozambique in order to empower people to actively participate in the social and economic life of their local communities and broader society. Key words: empowerment, life skills, non-formal vocational education, social inclusion.
CLOSENESS OF FIT TO THE IDEAL: CLASSIFICATION AND SIMILARITY OF TEACHERS’ REFLECTIONS USING MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SCALING
Authors: McCloughlin Thomas
Published: June 2021

The objectives of this research are to provide the theoretical basis for the analysis of qualitative data, such as teachers' responses to reflective questions using quantitative methods such as multidimensional scaling. The starting point is Estes' assumption that classification is basic to all intellectual activities, and since reflections are artefacts of intellectual activities, they should be amenable to classificatory methods such as multidimensional scaling. Similarity relates to distance between perceptions and MDS can utilise this feature. By way of example, N=29 teachers - graduates, experienced primary and experienced secondary - were probed for reflections on a science lesson and the results reflections analysed by the application of a scoring rubric and subsequent MDS - they were compared to a hypothetical 'ideal'. This method is discussed and future possibilities for analysing teachers' perceptions and reflections. The results of this method provide a valuable means to adapt a standard classification tool to involve a comparative element thus moving beyond mere representation of data.
Key words: multidimensional scaling, teachers' reflections, measuring to the ideal.
Sebaran Kualitas Air Laut di Perairan Sekitar PLTU Teluk Sepang Kota Bengkulu Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika-Kimia
Authors: Lizalidiawati Lizalidiawati , Juniarti Erma , Harlianto Budi
Published: June 2021

PLTU Teluk Sepang Bengkulu City produces heat waste dumped back into the sea which affects the quality of the water so that it has a negative impact on marine life. This study aimed to identify the quality of the water around PLTU Teluk Sepang Bengkulu City based on the physical and chemical parameters. The method used was direct measurement at the research location which is carried out at 12 measurement points,i.e 4 points around the outlet area, and 8 points in the off-shore area. The measurement result was compared with seawater quality standard for marine biota based on the Minister of Environment Decree No. 51 of 2004 and was validated by analysis of sea water quality before the PLTU had operated. The result showed that the some parameters met the quality standards for marine biota included DO of 5.62-7.82, pH and turbidity in the offshore area with each value of 7.24-7.86 and 1.68-4.846 NTU. Meanwhile, the parameters which did not meet quality standards include a temperature of 30.62-36 ºC, a salinity of 26.6-30 ‰,  pH and turbidity around the outlet area with each value of  6.7-6.88 and 23.25-146.8 NTU. Based on the validation result, it showed that heat waste had a very significant effect on the physical and chemical parameters of the waters, especially on temperature, pH, and turbidity.
Competências em foco: Extensionista Rural, uma profissão de multifuncionalidades
Authors: Silva Nathalie Abreu Fidelis da , Silva Nathália Thaís Cosmo da , Oliveira Marcelo Leles Romarco de
Published: June 2021

A literatura apresenta inúmeros trabalhos que discorrem sobre as diversas atribuições e possíveis formações dos agentes de extensão rural. Buscou-se com o presente trabalho esclarecer as demandas das atuais atribuições elencadas no bojo profissional do extensionista rural, e responder quais são as competências atuais postuladas aos profissionais de Extensão Rural. A opção metodológica escolhida foi a revisão bibliográfica narrativa que envolve o tema e dialoga com a problemática apontada, analisando teses, dissertações e artigos científicos. Todo material foi lido em sua íntegra, categorizados e analisados criticamente. Lançou-se luz sobre a trajetória histórica da Extensão Rural e suas implicações no comportamento dos agentes extensionistas e buscou-se compreender as demandas institucionalizadas no exercício de suas funções. Como resultado deste trabalho, foi possível perceber que a multifuncionalidade é uma característica inerente à profissão de extensionista rural. Enquanto agente de implementação de políticas públicas, a teoria que define burocratas de nível de rua permitiu vislumbrar a importância da atuação do agente de extensão rural na execução de programas governamentais. Ainda que os profissionais de Extensão Rural se orientassem apenas por normativas, a realidade do campo em um Brasil tão diversificado e dinâmico, não permite exigir tamanha multifuncionalidade deste profissional, sendo necessária a formação de equipes multidisciplinares, uma vez que a contribuição de um agente extensionista pode ser complementada pela formação do outro. Sobre as novas condições frente à crise sanitária mundial, uma ATER remota faz emergir um novo portfólio de competências, sendo mister que estudos futuros também abordem avaliações sobre essas competências.
Determinação de selênio em leite bovino in natura provenientes do Ceará - Brasil
Authors: Assis Renata Carmo de , Nogueira Maria Dinara de Araújo , Pinheiro Alexandre Danton Viana , Galdino Ruth Silva , Almondes Kaluce Gonçalves de Sousa , Maia Carla Soraya Costa
Published: June 2021

O selênio é essencial para a saúde humana. Dentre os alimentos considerados fonte de selênio, estão as castanhas brasileiras, carnes, ovos, leites e outros, variando conforme a área geográfica de plantio ou criação do animal. Dados de Se em alimentos cultivados, industrializados e comercializados no Brasil são ausentes em tabelas de composição de alimentos brasileiras. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a concentração de selênio em leite bovino in natura produzido no Ceará, região Nordeste do Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa experimental, onde as amostras foram coletadas em municípios das principais bacias leiteiras do Ceará. As concentrações de selênio foram determinadas por Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atômica por Geração de Hidretos acoplado a cela de quartzo. Os teores de umidade, cinzas e proteína foram analisados segundo a metodologia da Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1980), o teor de lipídios por método de Soxhlet e a quantidade de carboidratos foi calculada por diferença.  A média das concentrações de selênio, umidade, cinza, proteína, lipídio e carboidrato do leite bovino in natura foi de 2.9 µg/100mL, 89.0 mg/100 mL, 0.6 mg/100mL, 2.9 mg/100mL, 3.6 mg/100mL e 4.0 mg/100mL, respectivamente. A concentração de selênio no leite bovino in natura variou de 0.1-9.0 µg/100ml, sendo em algumas localidades superior em relação a outras localidades do Brasil e do mundo, podendo contribuir para o consumo deste mineral pela população do estado.
STRATEGI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PROFESIONALISME GURU KELAS DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Rismawati Bela Vita , Arif Muhamad , Mahfud Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Professionalism for Elementary School / Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers is a necessity that must be possessed, in the presentation of professionalism for teachers there are four minimum competencies, namely pedagogic, professional, social and personality. Basically, the discussion about teacher professionalism is actually very clear in the "Minister of Education Regulation No. 16 of 2007 on Academic Qualification Standards and Teacher Competencies. However, the world of education faces quite a tough challenge, when it enters the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. the position of the teacher is a key position in guarding the success of learning in the midst of digitalization. So, the only thing that can be done is to continuously improve its competence. This research seeks answers from the strategy of the Miftahul Ulum Kesamben Wetan Islamic school in increasing professionalism in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. This research uses a qualitative case study method with data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation, and is supported by data analysis from miles and hubarman. The results showed that the strategy of Madrasah ibtidaiyah Miftahul Ulum Kesamben Wetan Driyorejo Gresik, in improving teacher professionalism in the 4.0 revolution era, includes: (1) IT-based training, (2) Education Seminar, (3) Learning workshop in the era of industrial revolution 4.0, (4) ) Education and learning workshops in the digital era, (5) Madrasah supervision carried out by the principal of madrasah ibtidaiyah, (6) Bimtek held by madrasah, (7) Encouraging and motivating teachers to join Teacher Working Groups (KKG), (8) ) Conducting Comparative Studies to higher quality institutions, (9) Conducting social services to around madrassas and communities in need. (10) Workshop with local kyai to strengthen the struggle, (11) Reciting together in collaboration between Madrasah Ibtidaiyah and LP Maarif NU Driyorejo.
Penerapan Strategi Marketting Mix Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Penjualan Keripik Pisang Makasy di Kota Sorong
Authors: Inayah Nahda , Syam Yusrial , Rawi Rais Dera Pua , Zain Evi Mufrihah , Lestari Bekti Wiji , Wijiastuti Retno Dewi
Published: June 2021

Pada umumnya masyarakat selalu menginginkan sesuatu yang berbeda, tidak terkecuali dengan hal kuliner atau makanan. Oleh karena itu dengan menciptakan Keripik Makasy ini konsumen bisa lebih tertarik, karena di kota sorong sendiri pengolahan pisang di buat seperti pisang nungget, pisang goreng keju, sudah sangat banyak. Jadi kami mengolah pisang menjadi sebuah keripik untuk menghadirkan varian baru dari makanan ringan sejenis.Olahan keripik pisang Makasy ini merupakan program kreativitas mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong di Fakultas Ekonomi. Dan Keripik Pisang Makasy ini dibuat dengan tingkat higienis dan kebersihan yang tinggi serta tidak menggunakan bahan-bahan kimia yang dapat merusak kesehatan seperti borax, formalin, pewarna buatan ataupun bahan berbahaya yang lain.Pada pengolahan Keripik Pisang MakasyÂ  ada beberapa bahan baku yang dibutuhkan seperti Pisang Mentah, kapur sirih,garam, air bersih. Dan keripikÂ  Makay memiliki berbagai varian rasa yaitu: balado, BBQ, jagung manis, jagung bakar, dan pedas manis.
Assessing the importance of zooplankton sampling patterns with an ecosystem model
Authors: Hjøllo SS , Hansen C , Skogen MD
Published: June 2021

The copepod Calanus finmarchicus is the dominant species of mesozooplankton in the Norwegian Sea and an important food source for multiple commercially exploited pelagic fish stocks. In addition to the patchy distribution of species, the vast size of the Norwegian Sea makes synoptic zooplankton monitoring challenging. Monitoring includes relatively few sampling stations, and the number as well as the geographical location of these vary in time and space among years. In the present study, we explored the sampling patterns in 2 existing datasets: (1) for the period 1994-2004: size-fractionated zooplankton biomass, which allows for estimation of C. finmarchicus fractions, at irregularly spaced locations, and (2) for the period 1995-2017: non-size-fractionated zooplankton biomass data, gridded by objective analysis. We first assessed the C. finmarchicus data set by virtual sampling in C. finmarchicus spatial fields from the end-to-end ecosystem model NORWECOM.E2E. We found that non-consistent sampling patterns during the month of May caused the biomass estimate to be highly dependent on the chosen sampling strategy: sampling patterns from the first part of the period generally produced the highest biomass estimates. We then assessed the gridded zooplankton dataset by applying the 1995-2004 sampling patterns as well as a recent (2020) sampling pattern, which included regular and more numerous sampling locations, and found systematic differences. We conclude that the present May sampling pattern is much more robust and thereby also more likely to provide a good estimate of the interannual variability of the total biomass in the area. This study is an example of how models can be used to mechanistically interpret experimental datasets, and more specifically, how models can be used to assess sampling patterns and reveal their limitations.
The Problem of Timely Detection and Elimination of Forest Fires
Authors: Veretennikova N. , Kislov V. , Eremenko K.
Published: June 2021

Up to 35 thousand forest fires are registered in Russia annually, the area of fire of which is up to 2.5 million hectares. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles as one of the effective ways to detect and prevent forest fires. The use of UAVs has more advantages over other means of fire detection. In conclusion, the authors conclude that if only an incipient forest fire can be detected, it will prevent large economic and environmental losses.
Research of the Content of Heavy Metals in the Atmospheric Precipitation of the Geygel, Dashkesan and Gedabek Districts of Azerbaijan
Authors: Nuguyeva Sh. , Mammadov E.
Published: June 2021

The increasing content of heavy metals in soil and atmospheric air can lead to serious consequences in the final link of which a person is. To determine heavy metals in atmospheric deposition, the method of biomonitoring of mosses was used. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research scientists started the implementation of the mosses biomonitoring methodology in Azerbaijan 2015. In total, the concentration was determined for 44 elements. Determinations were performed using instrumental analysis of Epithermal Neutron Activation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in 85 moss samples. The species of moss used in the work was Pleurosium schreberi. Based on the analysis results, the most contaminated areas are identified.
Eliciting Model Structures for Multivariate Probabilistic Risk Analysis
Authors: Burgman Mark , Layman Hannah , French Simon
Published: June 2021

Notionally objective probabilistic risk models, built around ideas of cause and effect, are used to predict impacts and evaluate trade-offs. In this paper, we focus on the use of expert judgement to fill gaps left by insufficient data and understanding. Psychological and contextual phenomena such as anchoring, availability bias, confirmation bias and overconfidence are pervasive and have powerful effects on individual judgements. Research across a range of fields has found that groups have access to more diverse information and ways of thinking about problems, and routinely outperform credentialled individuals on judgement and prediction tasks. In structured group elicitation, individuals make initial independent judgements, opinions are respected, participants consider the judgements made by others, and they may have the opportunity to reconsider and revise their initial estimates. Estimates may be aggregated using behavioural, mathematical or combined approaches. In contrast, mathematical modelers have been slower to accept that the host of psychological frailties and contextual biases that afflict judgements about parameters and events may also influence model assumptions and structures. Few, if any, quantitative risk analyses embrace sources of uncertainty comprehensively. However, several recent innovations aim to anticipate behavioural and social biases in model construction and to mitigate their effects. In this paper, we outline approaches to eliciting and combining alternative ideas of cause and effect. We discuss the translation of ideas into equations and assumptions, assessing the potential for psychological and social factors to affect the construction of models. We outline the strengths and weaknesses of recent advances in structured, group-based model construction that may accommodate a variety of understandings about cause and effect.
Massive Gene Loss and Function Shuffling in Appendicularians Stretch the Boundaries of Chordate Wnt Family Evolution
Authors: Martí-Solans Josep , Godoy-Marín Hector , Diaz-Gracia Miriam , Onuma Takeshi A. , Nishida Hiroki , Albalat Ricard , Cañestro Cristian
Published: June 2021

Gene loss is a pervasive source of genetic variation that influences species evolvability, biodiversity and the innovation of evolutionary adaptations. To better understand the evolutionary patterns and impact of gene loss, here we investigate as a case study the evolution of the wingless (Wnt) family in the appendicularian tunicateOikopleura dioica, an emergent EvoDevo model characterized by its proneness to lose genes among chordates. Genome survey and phylogenetic analyses reveal that only four of the thirteen Wnt subfamilies have survived inO. dioica—Wnt5, Wnt10, Wnt11, and Wnt16,—representing the minimal Wnt repertoire described in chordates. While the loss of Wnt4 and Wnt8 likely occurred in the last common ancestor of tunicates, representing therefore a synapomorphy of this subphylum, the rest of losses occurred during the evolution of appendicularians. This work provides the first complete Wnt developmental expression atlas in a tunicate and the first insights into the evolution of Wnt developmental functions in appendicularians. Our work highlights three main evolutionary patterns of gene loss: (1) conservation of ancestral Wnt expression domains not affected by gene losses; (2) function shuffling among Wnt paralogs accompanied by gene losses; and (3) extinction of Wnt expression in certain embryonic directly correlated with gene losses. Overall our work reveals that in contrast to “conservative” pattern of evolution of cephalochordates and vertebrates,O. dioicashows an even more radical “liberal” evolutionary pattern than that described ascidian tunicates, stretching the boundaries of the malleability of Wnt family evolution in chordates.
Polyphenol Enriched Diet Administration During Pregnancy and Lactation Prevents Dysbiosis in Ulcerative Colitis Predisposed Littermates
Authors: De Santis Stefania , Scarano Aurelia , Liso Marina , Calabrese Francesco Maria , Verna Giulio , Cavalcanti Elisabetta , Sila Annamaria , Lippolis Antonio , De Angelis Maria , Santino Angelo , Chieppa Marcello
Published: June 2021

Neonatal colonization of the gastrointestinal tract depends on mother microbiome, thus mother microbiota dysbiosis is transmitted to the offspring during the delivery and shaped by breastmilk characteristics. Here we used a murine model of UC predisposition (Winnie-/-) to evaluate the effects of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation. Using heterozygous breeders, we obtained both Winnie-/- and C57BL/6 littermates from the same mother and compared their microbiota at weaning and adult age, using a diet enriched with 1% tomato fruit of a line – named Bronze – highly enriched in bioactive polyphenols, or Control tomato. Females received enriched diets two weeks before the beginning of the breeding and never stopped for the following six months. No significant effect was observed in regard to the percentage of Winnie-/- offspring, as with both diets the percentage was about 25% as expected. Winnie littermates from breeders fed with the Bronze-enriched diet showed reduced dysbiosis at 4 weeks of age if compared with Winnie under the Control tomato diet. This effect was then reduced when mice reached adult age. Conversely, the microbiota of C57BL/6 does not change significantly, indicating that fortified mothers-diet significantly contribute to preventing dysbiosis in genetically predisposed offspring, but has mild effects on healthy littermates and adult mice. An overall tendency towards reduced inflammation was underlined by the colon weight and the percentage of Foxp3+ cells reduction in Winnie mice fed with Bronze diet. Control diet did not show similar tendency.
Seven Primary Data Types in Citizen Science Determine Data Quality Requirements and Methods
Authors: Stevenson Robert D. , Suomela Todd , Kim Heejun , He Yurong
Published: June 2021

Data quality (DQ) is a major concern in citizen science (CS) programs and is often raised as an issue among critics of the CS approach. We examined CS programs and reviewed the kinds of data they produce to inform CS communities of strategies of DQ control. From our review of the literature and our experiences with CS, we identified seven primary types of data contributions. Citizens can carry instrument packages, invent or modify algorithms, sort and classify physical objects, sort and classify digital objects, collect physical objects, collect digital objects, and report observations. We found that data types were not constrained by subject domains, a CS program may use multiple types, and DQ requirements and evaluation strategies vary according to the data types. These types are useful for identifying structural similarities among programs across subject domains. We conclude that blanket criticism of the CS data quality is no longer appropriate. In addition to the details of specific programs and variability among individuals, discussions can fruitfully focus on the data types in a program and the specific methods being used for DQ control as dictated or appropriate for the type. Programs can reduce doubts about their DQ by becoming more explicit in communicating their data management practices.
Inherited Thyroid Tumors With Oncocytic Change
Authors: Correia Marcelo , Lima Ana Rita , Batista Rui , Máximo Valdemar , Sobrinho-Simões Manuel
Published: June 2021

Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) corresponds to 5-10% of all follicular cell-derived carcinoma (FCDTC). Oncocytic thyroid tumors have an increased incidence in the familial context in comparison with sporadic FCDTC, encompassing benign and malignant tumors in the same family presenting with some extent of cell oxyphilia. This has triggered the interest of our and other groups to clarify the oncocytic change, looking for genetic markers that could explain the emergence of this phenotype in thyroid benign and malignant lesions, focusing on familial aggregation. Despite some advances regarding the identification of the gene associated with retinoic and interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19), as one of the key candidate genes affected in the “Tumor with Cell Oxyphilia” (TCO) locus, most of the mutations follow a pattern of “private mutations”, almost exclusive to one family. Moreover, no causative genetic alterations were identified so far in most families. The incomplete penetrance of the disease, the diverse benign and malignant phenotypes in the affected familial members and the variable syndromic associations create an additional layer of complexity for studying the genetic alterations in oncocytic tumors. In the present review, we summarized the available evidence supporting genomic-based mechanisms for the oncocytic change, particularly in the context of FNMTC. We have also addressed the challenges and gaps in the aforementioned mechanisms, as well as molecular clues that can explain, at least partially, the phenotype of oncocytic tumors and the respective clinico-pathological behavior. Finally, we pointed to areas of further investigation in the field of oncocytic (F)NMTC with translational potential in terms of therapy.