bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES AND INDICATORS OF FORMATION OF ENERGY SAVING SYSTEM IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Parkhomets Mykola , Hradovyi Vasyl
Published: August 2021

Purpose. The aim of the article is in-depth study of questions related to the features, methodological approaches and indicators of economic analysis and evaluation of the energy saving system in agricultural enterprises.

Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. The study used general and special methods, including abstract and logical (to outline the main factors, influencing the characteristics of energy saving in agricultural enterprises, for the author’s interpretation of the energy saving system in agricultural enterprises), deductive (to analyse the dynamics and areas of economic efficiency level increase of energy saving system); generalization (in the study of the possibility of implementing the latest technologies aimed to improve the energy saving system in agricultural enterprises).

Findings. It is established that agricultural industries have a number of features, in particular: use energy for production, generate it. This feature is based on the fact that in the production process there are three fundamentally different types of energy: anthropotechnogenic (fossil); solar and soil energy. It was found that the process of energy conservation in agriculture should be formed by reducing fossil energy sources and by making fuller use of renewable solar energy and soil energy potential. An important feature of agriculture has been identified, which lies in its significant level of spatial dispersion, which causes significant costs for transport services of production processes and logistics. There is a significant difference in the principles of energy consumption, fossil energy is the main in industry and in agriculture - it plays a supporting role. There, natural energy forms the biological mass (harvest, live mass of animals).

The author’s interpretation of the concept “energy saving of agricultural enterprises” is offered, which includes a system of measures (organizational, economic, technical and technological, ecological, legal and operational), coordinated action of which should be aimed at the rational use of energy in the process of agricultural production.

The indicators of the group of economic analysis of energy saving in agriculture are determined: total energy capacity; energy armament; energy supply; electrical equipment of labour, etc. The key stages of energy saving research and tasks in agricultural enterprises are clarified. Grouping of methods of research of energy saving is offered.

Originality. The author’s interpretation of the concept of “energy saving of agricultural enterprises”, definition of key stages of energy saving research and systematization of appropriate methods were further developed.

Practical value. The introduction of research results into production will help increase the economic efficiency of agricultural production.

Key words: energy saving, energy efficiency, energy resources, renewable energy sources, rational use of energy resources.
Managing Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka through Constitutional Arrangements
Authors: Ilam Khan
Published: August 2021

Marginalization causes conflicts; they may be political, social, or economic. A careful contemplation over the history of Sri Lanka reveals that the sentiments of being marginalized have been present — in one (ethnic) group or the other — in the island right from its independence. When the majority ethnic group, i.e., the Sinhala, was in a position of power, it manipulated the constitution of the country to safeguard its own interests. This widened the rift among different ethnic and religious groups, especially between the Sinhala and the Tamil. This structural marginalization resulted in a civil war, starting in 1983, that lasted for 26 years. However, the ethnic conflict did not resolve even after the end of the civil war and continues to exist in the form of a political struggle between the Tamil and Sinhala. The Tamil demand for federation, autonomy, inclusion, and self-determination can only be achieved through constitutional means. Therefore, this research evaluates the post-Civil Warconstitutional development and amendment processes that were, at a point in time, more pluralistic and liberal, and contributing well to managing the ethnic conflict in the country. It was expected that the ethnic conflict would be permanently resolved through the constitutional arrangements, which Sri Lanka was already heading. However, the majority (Sinhala) reversed the progress through a new (20th) amendment to the constitution. Against this backdrop, this article argues that all segments of the society can be accommodated in the political sphere of the state through political liberalization which is possible only through constitutional arrangements.
Global Geopolitical Dynamics and Prospects for Afghanistan’s Regional Connectivity
Authors: Pashmina Mughal  , Sadia Suleman
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on postulating Afghanistan in the context of geopolitics and its role as a regional ‘connector’ in the emerging global scenario. With the shift in geopolitics, the indicators of the New Great Game also suggest the emerging role of Afghanistan in the context of regional connectivity. However, the discordant society of Afghanistan, the paradoxical nature of domestic politics, and the deteriorating security situation in the country remain vital challenges in this regard. Nevertheless, this article argues that the ‘resetting’ of the international and regional politics provides a broader scope for Afghanistan, in becoming a regional transit and connectivity hub for South and Central Asia to Europe and Middle East. Through intra-regional trade and transit, this connectivity will not only ensure political and economic stability of Afghanistan but will also contribute to establishing sustainable peace in the country. In doing so, the article examines various regional developmentalprojects to explore the potential role of Afghanistan, following the U.S. withdrawal, towards regional peace and stability. Furthermore, it contributes to signifying the political and economic integration of Afghanistan within the region. It concludes that peace and stability are necessary milestones to be achieved for Afghanistan to serve as a ‘regional connectivity hub’.
An Upper Triassic, Norian-Rhaetian, outlier in Skåne, southern Sweden
Authors: Erlström M. , Ohlson D. Guy
Published: August 2021

A new outlier of Upper Triassic sedimentary strata has been found in a small fault bounded trough within geological domains dominated by Precambrian crys-talline rocks. It was discovered in connection with pre-investigations and exca-vation of a new railway tunnel through the Hallandsås Horst in the north-western part of Skåne. It consists of a 15 m thick succession of pre-Quaternary strata on top of the kaolinized crystalline basement. The lower 10 m consists of red clays, mudstones and sandstones, interpreted as belonging to the Norian Kågeröd For-mation. It is followed by fine and medium-grained, light grey and whitish, cross-bedded sandstones, clays, coals and rootlet beds belonging to the Rhaetian-Hettangian Höganäs Formation. Palynological investigations reveal a rich well preserved palynomorph assemblage of Rhaetian age for the upper part of the section which is interpreted to have been deposited in a brackish-freshwater en-vironment. The new locality together with other scattered outliers north-east of the Kullen-Ringsjön-Andrarum Fault Zone, represent the erosional remains of a pre-existing, much larger distribution of Upper Triassic strata in Skåne
DAMPAK KERUSUHAN MAKO BRIMOB MEI 2018 TERHADAP ABNORMAL RETURN INDEKS LQ45 YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI
Authors: Guminto Dewo Adhi , Marlina Maria Assumpta Evi
Published: August 2021

This research is an event study that aims to determine the differencein the average Abnormal return (AR) before, during, and after the MakoBrimob riot. The subject of this study is the LQ45 index company that hasfulfilled the criteria. The company does not conduct corporate actions suchas the announcement of stock split, right issue, merger & acquisition, anddividend in the observation period, which is five days before the riot, oneday during the riot (May 9, 2018) and five days after the riot. The results ofthe data normality test found that the data in this study were normallydistributed. P-value shows the number 0.412. The results of the differenttests using independent Sample T-Test (H1) showed no difference in theaverage abnormal return before, and during the Mako Brimob riots (ρ =0.050). The results of different tests using independent Sample T-Test (H2)were no difference in the average abnormal return during and after the incidentof the Mako Brimob riots (ρ = 0.117). The results of different testsusing Paired Sample T-Test (H3) were no difference in the average abnormalreturn before and after the incident of the Mako Brimob riots (ρ = 0.77).
PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN DENGAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Permatasari Felia , Widianingsih Luky Patricia
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this studies is to know how the influence of CSRdisclosure on financial performance with GCG as a moderating variable.CSR disclosure is measured using CSRD Index based on GRI G4. The dependentvariable of this study is financial performance which is proxied byreturn on assets and return on equity. The GCG moderation variable isproxied by institutional ownership, the size of the board of commissionersand the independent board of commissioners. The sample used in this studyis a SOE’s company non-financial listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchangein the period 2014–2018. The results of this studies found that CSR disclosurehas a positive effect on financial performance (ROA) and CSR disclosurehas no effect on financial performance (ROE). GCG variables whichare proxied by institutional ownership is not able to moderate the effect ofCSR on financial performance (ROA and ROE), the size of the board ofcommissioners able to strengthen the effect of CSR on financial performance(ROA) and independent board of commissioners is not able to strengthenthe effect of CSR on financial performance (ROA), the size of the board ofcommissioners and independent board of commissioners is not able to moderatethe effect of CSR on financial performance (ROE).
PROFITABILITAS, LIKUIDITAS, DAN HARGA SAHAM: STUDI EMPIRIS ATAS INSTRUMEN LQ-45
Authors: Setyoningrum Eki
Published: August 2021

This research was conducted to determine the effect of profitabilityand liquidity on stock prices. The independent variables used are returnon assets, return on equity, current ratio, and quick ratio. The population inthis study is non-financial LQ-45 companies registered in succession in 2016–2018. This study uses secondary data derived from financial statementsthat can be accessed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research methoduses multiple linear regression analysis. The sampling technique used waspurposive sampling where the samples obtained in the study were 87 companies.The results showed that (1) return on assets has a positive effect onstock prices; (2) return on equity has a negative effect on stock prices; (3)current ratio has no effect on stock prices; (4) quick ratio has a negativeeffect on stock prices. But simultaneously return on assets, return on equity,current ratio, and quick ratio affect the stock price of 37.4%, while theremaining 62.6% comes from other variables that are not contained in thisresearch model.
SHOOT DRY WEIGHT YIELD, BROMATOLOGICAL COMPOSITION, AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ALFALFA CULTIVARS IN TROPICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Moreira Adônis , Ferreira Reinaldo Paula , Vilela Duarte , Moraes Larissa Alexandra Cardoso
Published: August 2021

Improvement to animal genetics requires the supply of superior quality forage, such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Under tropical and subtropical conditions in Brazil, alfalfa cultivation has been restricted to the 'Crioula' cultivar, although studies have indicated that other cultivars have excellent potential of yield. The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptation and longevity of 92 alfalfa cultivars to the tropical edaphoclimatic conditions by assessing shoot dry weight yield (SDWY), crude protein content (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and nutrient content in SDWY. The 'Crioula', 'P 105', 'Rio Grande', and 'Springfield' cultivars were the most promising owing to their higher yield and lower reduction in SDWY. Crude protein (CP) content varied among cultivars, with the highest value found in 'Pro INTA Lujan' (24.5%) and the lowest found in 'Pecos' (18.8%). NDF content ranged from 25.8% ('Key II') to 38.7% ('California 50'), while ADF content ranged from 16.4% ('F 708') to 24.8% ('Diamond'). Nutrient levels of all cultivars were within the levels considered appropriate for tropical conditions.
An Assessment of Labour Productivity Influencing Factors in the Construction Industry: A Case study of Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Adagba T. , Ati J.O , Makarfi A.I
Published: August 2021

In this research, factors affecting construction labour productivity in Zaria, Kaduna state was assessed. The research seeks to identify the factors affecting labour productivity in the research area. It is believed that this information will aid site managers and the construction professionals on decisions to take in-order to limit these controlling factors thereby leading to an improved level of efficiency in labour force, increase product labour productivity and reduce cost and time over runs on construction projects. The research adopted a quantitative research approach with the use of questionnaires as an instrument for data collection from site managers at construction sites in Zaria. Sixty-seven questionnaires were administered on construction sites within Zaria and Forty-one were returned giving a sixty-one percent response. The Questionnaire sought to assess the perception of site managers on factors affecting construction labour productivity. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics analysis to obtain frequencies, mean and Relative Importance Index (RII). RII was used to rank the factors. Thirty-Nine out of the Forty-One factors researched indicated high severity with the RII ranging between 0.60 RII < 0.80. The research revealed that external forces tend to affect construction labour productivity more than Site factors and Human Labour Factors. This can be attributed to the fact that site factors and Human Labour factors can be controlled by the site engineers while the external factors cannot be really controlled by the site engineers. The survey also revealed that Rain, Conflict with project stakeholders, Skill of labour, and Financial Crisis had a very high severity in affecting construction labour productivity on the construction sites in Zaria, Kaduna State.
A CROSS-PLATFORM MARKET STRUCTURE ANALYSIS METHOD USING ONLINE PRODUCT REVIEWS
Authors: Kou Gang , Yang Pei , Peng Yi , Xiao Hui , Xiao Feng , Chen Yang , Alsaadi Fawaz E.
Published: August 2021

Studies have shown that online product reviews can indicate the position of a competitive brand. Even though reviews on different platforms may express different opinions, most studies are based on only one platform. This may lead to an inaccurate analysis of market structure. To solve this problem, we develop a novel market structure analysis based on multi-attribute group decision-making which can integrate reviews from different platforms. Multiple platforms more comprehensively reflect the market than single platforms do. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct a case study of mobile phone reviews across three top e-commerce platforms in China. In addition, we propose a process to generate priorities for product-attribute improvements using a cross-platform market structure analysis method. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A High-resolution View of Fast Radio Burst Host Environments
Authors: Mannings Alexandra G. , Fong Wen-fai , Simha Sunil , Prochaska J. Xavier , Rafelski Marc , Kilpatrick Charles D. , Tejos Nicolas , Heintz Kasper E. , Bannister Keith W. , Bhandari Shivani , Day Cherie K. , Deller Adam T. , Ryder Stuart D. , Shannon Ryan M. , Tendulkar Shriharsh P.
Published: August 2021

We present Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet and infrared observations of eight fast radio burst (FRB) host galaxies with subarcsecond localizations, including the hosts of three known repeating FRBs. We quantify their spatial distributions and locations with respect to their host galaxy light distributions, finding that they occur at moderate host-normalized offsets of 1.4r

e
([0.6, 2.1]r

e
; 68% interval) and on fainter regions of their hosts in terms of IR light but overall trace the radial distribution of IR light in their galaxies. The FRBs in our tested distribution do not clearly trace the distributions of any other transient population with known progenitors and are statistically distinct from the locations of LGRBs, H-poor SLSNe, SGRBs, and Ca-rich transients. We further find that most FRBs are not in regions of elevated local star formation rates and stellar mass surface densities in comparison to the mean global values of their hosts. We also place upper limits on the IR flux at the FRB positions of m
IR ≳ 24.8–27.6 AB mag, constraining both satellite and background galaxies to luminosities well below the host luminosity of FRB 121102. We find that 5/8 FRB hosts exhibit clear spiral arm features in IR light, and that the positions of all well-localized FRBs located in such hosts are consistent with their spiral arms, although not on their brightest regions. Our results do not strongly support the primary progenitor channel of FRBs being connected with either the most massive (stripped-envelope) stars or events that require kicks and long delay times (neutron star mergers).
Second Harmonic Electromagnetic Emissions by an Electron Beam in Solar Wind Plasmas with Density Fluctuations
Authors: Krafft C. , Savoini P.
Published: August 2021

Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are performed to study the electromagnetic radiation emitted at the second harmonic 2ω

p
of the plasma frequency by a weak electron beam propagating in a background plasma with random density fluctuations, in solar wind conditions relevant to Type III solar radio bursts. The dynamics of the waves, the beam, and the plasma are calculated over several thousands of plasma periods. For relevant comparisons, simulations with and without applied density fluctuations are performed for the same parameters. This Letter evidences for the first time the impact of density fluctuations on the physical mechanisms driving the generation of electromagnetic waves emitted at 2ω

p
. Results obtained show that (i) the beam radiates electromagnetic waves at 2ω

p
as a result of nonlinear processes of Langmuir waves’ coalescence, despite wave scattering on the density fluctuations that strongly affect the Langmuir spectra; (ii) the fraction of initial beam energy transferred asymptotically to the electromagnetic waves at 2ω

p
is by one order of magnitude smaller when the plasma involves density fluctuations of average level around 5%; (iii) compared to the homogeneous case, the ratio of electromagnetic energy radiated at 2ω

p
to the energy carried by the Langmuir wave turbulence is significantly larger during all the nonlinear stage; (iv) asymptotically, when the plasma is inhomogeneous, electromagnetic emissions at 2ω

p
present isotropized spectra whereas quadrupolar radiation occurs for the homogeneous plasma case.
Solar-cycle Variations of South Atlantic Anomaly Proton Intensities Measured with the PAMELA Mission
Authors: Bruno A. , Martucci M. , Cafagna F. S. , Sparvoli R. , Adriani O. , Barbarino G. C. , Bazilevskaya G. A. , Bellotti R. , Boezio M. , Bogomolov E. A. , Bongi M. , Bonvicini V. , Campana D. , Carlson P. , Casolino M. , Castellini G. , De Santis C. , Galper A. M. , Koldashov S. V. , Koldobskiy S. , Kvashnin A. N. , Lenni A. , Leonov A. A. , Malakhov V. V. , Marcelli L. , Marcelli N. , Mayorov A. G. , Menn W. , Mergè M. , Mocchiutti E. , Monaco A. , Mori N. , Mikhailov V. V. , Munini R. , Osteria G. , Panico B. , Papini P. , Pearce M. , Picozza P. , Ricci M. , Ricciarini S. B. , Simon M. , Sotgiu A. , Spillantini P. , Stozhkov Y. I. , Vacchi A. , Vannuccini E. , Vasilyev G. I. , Voronov S. A. , Yurkin Y. T. , Zampa G. , Zampa N. , Zharaspayev T. R.
Published: August 2021

We present a study of the solar-cycle variations of >80 MeV proton flux intensities in the lower edge of the inner radiation belt, based on the measurements of the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) mission. The analyzed data sample covers an ∼8 yr interval from 2006 July to 2014 September, thus spanning from the decaying phase of the 23rd solar cycle to the maximum of the 24th cycle. We explored the intensity temporal variations as a function of drift shell and proton energy, also providing an explicit investigation of the solar modulation effects at different equatorial pitch angles. PAMELA observations offer new important constraints for the modeling of low-altitude particle radiation environment at the highest trapping energies.
X-Ray Luminosity of Decades-old Supernovae
Authors: Ramakrishnan Vandana , Dwarkadas Vikram V.
Published: August 2021

The transition from supernovae (SNe) to supernova remnants (SNRs) remains poorly understood, given the age gap between well-studied examples of the two. In order to bridge this gap, we analyzed archival Chandra data for some of the oldest supernovae detected in X-rays, in order to extend their light curves out to late times. We fitted the spectra with thermal models. All the SNe with multiple X-ray data points were found to have similar X-ray luminosity, which was decreasing with time. The X-ray luminosity will likely continue to decrease while the SNe are evolving in a wind medium, but is anticipated to increase in the Sedov phase when the SNe are interacting with a constant density interstellar medium, bringing it in line with observed SNRs
Le clivage religieux/séculier dans la France contemporaine
Authors: Portier Philippe
Published: August 2021

Élaborée par James D. Hunter au début des années 1990, la théorie américaine de la polarisation repose sur le principe d’un clivage profond sur le terrain axiologique et politique entre les citoyens religieux et les citoyens séculiers, en ajoutant que les croyants des différents cultes partagent désormais les mêmes combats. Cette contribution vise à s’interroger sur la possibilité d’appliquer cette théorie à la société française. En appui sur des données quantitatives, elle apporte une réponse nuancée. Sans doute peut-on repérer, notamment pour les enjeux relatifs à la gestion de l’intime, une opposition cardinale entre les systèmes de valeurs des citoyens séculiers et ceux des citoyens religieux. Cette partition ne vaut cependant pas sur toutes les questions, et notamment sur les questions sociales. Faut-il alors substituer à la polarisation le paradigme de l’individualisation ? L’analyse fait prévaloir celui de la communalisation, issu de la sociologie de Max Weber.
Finite-time stability of $ q $-fractional damped difference systems with time delay
Authors: Wang Jingfeng ,   Department of Mathematics, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China, Bai Chuanzhi
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we investigate and obtain a new discrete $ q $-fractional version of the Gronwall inequality. As applications, we consider the existence and uniqueness of the solution of $ q $-fractional damped difference systems with time delay. Moreover, we formulate the novel sufficient conditions such that the $ q $-fractional damped difference delayed systems is finite time stable. Our result extend the main results of the paper by Abdeljawad et al. [A generalized $ q $-fractional Gronwall inequality and its applications to nonlinear delay $ q $-fractional difference systems, J.Inequal. Appl. 2016,240].
Adaptive constraint control for nonlinear multi-agent systems with undirected graphs
Authors: Zhi Lu ,   College of Science, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, China, Wu Jinxia
Published: August 2021

This paper investigates the problem of adaptive distributed consensus control for stochastic multi-agent systems (MASs) with full state constraints. By utilizing adaptive backstepping control technique and barrier Lyapunov function (BLF), an adaptive distributed consensus constraint control method is proposed. The developed control method can ensure that all signals of the controlled system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) in probability, and outputs of the follower agents keep consensus with the output of leader. In addition, system states are not transgressed their constrained sets. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the feasibility of the developed control algorithm and theorem.
COVID-19 and firms' financial health in Brescia: a simulation with Logistic regression and neural networks
Authors: Bernardi Alberto ,   SACMI, Parma, Italy, Bragoli Daniela , Fedreghini Davide , Ganugi Tommaso , Marseguerra Giovanni ,   Department of Mathematics for Economic, Financial and Actuarial Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy,   Confindustria Brescia and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 has generated an unprecedented shock to the global economy causing both the decrease in demand and supply. The purpose of this paper is to simulate the effect of COVID-19 on firms' financial statements in Brescia. The shocked information is then fed into two bankruptcy models with the aim of providing an up-to-date picture of firms' economic health in one of the most prosperous industrial areas in Italy and Europe.
The Beginning of General Relativity
Authors: YEOM Dong-han
Published: August 2021

In this article, we briefly review the motivations behind general relativity. We first discuss the basics of classical physics, including the equations of motion and the field equations. Newtonian mechanics assumes absolute space and time, but this can be philosophically unnatural. Einstein constructed a general theory of classical physics with covariance for the general choice of coordinate systems. This theory is known as general relativity. Finally, we briefly mention how this theory is completed, how this theory is verified, and what can be the future of general relativity.
Study of the Relationship between Concrete and its Reinforcement Elastic-Plastic Characteristics
Authors: Bratoshevskaya Violetta
Published: August 2021

The relationship between the elastic-plastic properties of concrete and its ability to resist the external loads and internal stresses effects arising under the influence of aggressive environmental factors has been studied. In concrete, micro-and macrocracks are filled with air and a liquid phase migrates with periodic environmental temperature, therefore, humidity changes. When the structure is compacted by crystalline hydrate neoplasms arising from supersaturated solutions, their surface increases and, correspondingly the part of water hydraulically bound to it also increases which changes its mobility with temperature. This entire system of interphase and single-phase structural bonds and interactions in concrete changes with fluctuations in humidity, cooling, and especially during phase transitions during freezing. The research found that the introduction of hydraulic additives into the binder, which carry a negative charge on their surface, leads to a charge change of the material structure pore space. The penetration kinetics of aggressive environments, adsorption interaction with the cement stone capillaries surface has been studied.
Influence of the Stabilizing Additive "ANT" and Soil Stabilizers «LSCS» and «PSCS» for the Strength Characteristics of Highly Dispersed Soils
Authors: Matua Vakhtang , Karpenko Sergey
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the use of local highly dispersed unsuitable soils for the construction of foundations and pavements instead of imported expensive conditioned stone materials. A variant of solving this problem is proposed by strengthening weak (subsiding) soils with modern stabilizing additives and soil stabilizers.
Recipe and Technological Factors’ Influence on Vibrocentrifuged Basalt Fiber Concrete Strength and Deformation Properties
Authors: Maylyan Levon , Stel'makh Sergey , Shcherban' Evgeniy , Smolyanichenko Alla , El'shaeva Diana
Published: August 2021

In order to optimize the basalt-fiber-concrete mixtures compositions, as well as to determine the most effective technological parameters in vibrocentrifugation technology, a compositional plan of experiments has been developed. Within the framework of the proposed experimental setup for creating vibrocentrifuged samples of annular cross-section with a variatropic structure, the following technological factors have been identified and considered: the clamps’ technological protrusions height; vibration mode (asynchronous - A, punctuational - P, synchronous - S). The clamps’ technological protrusions height varied within the following limits: 2.5 mm; 5 mm; 10 mm. The change in the percentage of coarse aggregate fractions and the percentage of fiber reinforcement was considered as the prescription factors. The percentage of fiber reinforcement varied within the following limits: 3.5%; four %; 4.5%. The content of fraction 5-10 in relation to fraction 10-20 varied within the following limits: 40 %; 50 %; 60 %. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the most effective will be the use of clamps with a height of technological protrusions equal to 5 mm, with an alternating vibration mode, a percentage of fiber reinforcement equal to 4, and with a content of fractions of 5-10 mm and 10-20 mm equal percentage.
Pressed Magnesia Composites with Improved Weather Resistance Properties
Authors: Stupen Nonna , Kaklyugin Alexander , Kastornykh Lubov , Kovalenko Viktor
Published: August 2021

The results of studies aimed at increasing the resistance to weathering of building products based on magnesia cement are presented. This goal was achieved by the use of mine burnt rock as a modifying additive and the use of molding sands compaction pressing method. The influence of the modifier on the compressive strength change of compressed composites in dried and water-saturated state, the softening and air resistance coefficients, as well as the linear deformations of the control samples after a specified number of alternating wetting and drying cycles, was investigated. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the control samples were determined according to the standard and generally accepted methods. The formation of a complex combined structure of modified magnesian composites, containing coagulation, condensation and crystallization phases with a clear predominance of the first, has been confirmed by the physicochemical analysis methods. It is shown that modification of magnesian cement with burnt rock purposefully changes the processes of structure formation and causes an increase in water and air resistance of pressed composites based on it. The proposed method for modifying pressed magnesia products prevents loosening of their structure under alternating stresses, reduces linear deformations and, as a result, slows down fatigue failure. The involvement of a secondary resource in the composition of molding sands as an active mineral additive leads to a decrease in the cost of products and allows the method of their production to be attributed to the best available technologies. The developed compositions of pressed magnesia composites are recommended for the production of small-piece products used in building envelopes, as well as for flooring in the rooms with more than 60% humidity.
Heat Release during 3d-Printable Materials Setting and Hardening
Authors: Slavcheva Galina , Britvina Ekaterina , Shvedova Maria
Published: August 2021

The paper presents the experimental data on the cement effect typeon the effects of heat generation during the 3D-printable cement materials’setting and hardening. Materials made on the basis of cements CEMI 42.5 RandCEMI 52.5 R, differing in phase contentC3Ain combination with viscosity modifiers of various compositions,have been studied. To control setting kinetics, a penetrometer test was used, hardening kinetics was evaluated by testing the samples for compressive strength after 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days of hardening. It was found that the useof CEMI 52.5 Rhigh in compositionC3Acauses a significant heating of the mixture already after its setting, which is not observed when using ordinary CEMI 42.5R. The combination of a highly active aluminosilicate modifier with high-strength cement causes a technologically unacceptable reduction in the setting time and open time of mixtures.
Analysis of the Synthetic Fiber Influence on the Cement Stone New Formations Composition in Foam Concrete
Authors: Morgun Vladimir , Morgun Lyubov , Votrin Denis , Nagorskiy Viktor
Published: August 2021

The relevance of the search for scientifically grounded tools, with the help of which it is possible to ensure the growth of crack resistance and strength of foam concrete, is noted. The systemic need of the building complex for energy-and resource-saving operationally reliable building materials is emphasized. The positive influence of the surface energy potential of the fibrous fiber of polymer and carbon composition on the possibility of forming an improved structure of the cement stone in the composition of the interpore partitions of foam concrete has been scientifically substantiated. The article provides information on the foam mixtures formulation and the timing of their hardening. The scans of the investigated materials’ X-ray diffraction patterns and the identification table of the detected hydration neoplasms of the cement stone are presented. The scientific substantiation reliability is experimentally confirmed by the results of the analysis performed, from which it follows that all foam concretes contain quartz, portlandite, hydro-aluminates and calcium hydro-silicates. It has been established that the introduction of fiber into the foam mixture formulation creates the prerequisites for the appearance of such varieties of the hydrated silicate phase as nekoite, which has a fibrous structure at the nanoscale, and foshagite, which has an acicular structure of crystals with increased hardness. The listed mineral hydrated new formations of cement stone, due to their individual properties, should contribute to the foam concrete operational properties’ improvement.
Cellular Materials on Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Maltseva Inna
Published: August 2021

The experimental studies’results of the structure and properties of cellular concrete with one-stage preparation of foam concrete mixtures are presented. The effect of the filler on the foam concrete properties has been evaluated. The possibility of producing high-quality chalk foam concrete from soft crushed chalk with a fraction of 2.5 mm has been proven. The influence of the slip viscosity, the type and amount of the foaming agent, the type of cement on the properties of small foam concrete has been established.
Microfiller Influence on the Modified Cement Granulometric Composition
Authors: Khalyushev Aleksandr , Stel'makh Sergey , Shcherban' Evgeniy , Smolyanichenko Alla , Korobkin Aleksandr
Published: August 2021

The aim of the work is to study the microfiller effect on the granulometric composition of the modified cement. A scanning electron microscope RМ-106 I was used for microscopic analysis. The survey was carried out in reflected electrons. The chemical analysis of the materials’ structure was investigated by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The distribution of particles of mineral components was evaluated with a Microsizer 201C laser particle analyzer with a range from 0.2 to 600 μm. Microscopic analysis of the samples of microsilica MK-85 shows that all particles are spherical with an average grain size of about 5 microns and consist of amorphous glass with a different set of particle fractions. The results of X-ray phase analysis of condensed microsilica grade MK-85 show that it consists mainly of silicon dioxide in an amorphous form. The introduction of mineral additives with a high specific surface in the composite Portland cements composition in an amount of more than 5% is not rational without the use of superplasticizers, since the water demand increases sharply, which reduces the cement stone strength. The introduction of a microfiller provides an increase in the compressive strength of a cement stone at the age of 28 days of normal hardening by an average of 37%.
Severe Inflammatory Reactions in Mice Expressing a GFI1P2A Mutant Defective in Binding to the Histone Demethylase KDM1A (LSD1)
Authors: Fraszczak Jennifer , Arman Kaifee Mohammad , Lacroix Marion , Vadnais Charles , Gaboury Louis , Möröy Tarik
Published: August 2021

GFI1 is a DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates hematopoiesis by repressing target genes through its association with complexes containing histone demethylases such as KDM1A (LSD1) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). To study the consequences of the disruption of the complex between GFI1 and histone-modifying enzymes, we have used knock-in mice harboring a P2A mutation in GFI1 coding region that renders it unable to bind LSD1 and associated histone-modifying enzymes such as HDACs. GFI1P2A mice die prematurely and show increased numbers of memory effector and regulatory T cells in the spleen accompanied by a severe systemic inflammation with high serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β and overexpression of the gene encoding the cytokine oncostatin M (OSM). We identified lung alveolar macrophages, CD8 T cell from the spleen and thymic eosinophils, and monocytes as the sources of these cytokines in GFI1P2A mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that GFI1/LSD1 complexes occupy sites at the Osm promoter and an intragenic region of the Tnfα gene and that a GFI1P2A mutant still remains bound at these sites even without LSD1. Methylation and acetylation of histone H3 at these sites were enriched in cells from GFI1P2A mice, the H3K27 acetylation being the most significant. These data suggest that the histone modification facilitated by GFI1 is critical to control inflammatory pathways in different cell types, including monocytes and eosinophils, and that a disruption of GFI1-associated complexes can lead to systemic inflammation with fatal consequences.
Lymph Node Stromal Cell–Intrinsic MHC Class II Expression Promotes MHC Class I–Restricted CD8 T Cell Lineage Conversion to Regulatory CD4 T Cells
Authors: Honan Amanda M , Vazquez Emily N , Chen Zhibin
Published: August 2021

MHC class I (MHC-I)–restricted CD4+ T cells have long been discovered in the natural repertoire of healthy humans as well as patients with autoimmune diseases or cancer, but the exact origin of these cells remains to be fully characterized. In mouse models, mature peripheral CD8+ T cells have the potential to convert to CD4+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. This conversion can produce a unique population of MHC-I–restricted CD4+ T cells including Foxp3+ regulatory T cells termed MHC-I–restricted CD4+Foxp3+ T (CI-Treg) cells. In this study we examined the cellular and molecular elements that promote CD8-to-CD4 lineage conversion and the development of CI-Treg cells in mice. Using adoptive transfer and bone marrow chimera experiments, we found that the differentiation of CI-Treg cells was driven by lymph node stromal cell (LNSC)-intrinsic MHC-II expression as opposed to transcytosis of MHC-II from bone marrow–derived APCs. The lineage conversion was accompanied by Runx3 versus ThPOK transcriptional switch. This finding of a new role for LNSCs in vivo led us to develop an efficient tissue culture method using LNSCs to generate and expand CI-Treg cells in vitro. CI-Treg cells expanded in vitro with LNSCs effectively suppressed inflammatory tissue damage caused by pathogenic CD4+ T cells in mouse models of colitis. This study identified a novel role of MHC-II expressed by LNSCs in immune regulation and the potential utilization of LNSCs to generate novel subsets of immune regulatory cells for therapeutic applications.
Fc Galactosylation Promotes Hexamerization of Human IgG1, Leading to Enhanced Classical Complement Activation
Authors: van Osch Thijs L J , Nouta Jan , Derksen Ninotska I L , van Mierlo Gerard , van der Schoot C Ellen , Wuhrer Manfred , Rispens Theo , Vidarsson Gestur
Published: August 2021

Human IgG contains one evolutionarily conserved N-linked glycan in its Fc region at position 297. This glycan is crucial for Fc-mediated functions, including its induction of the classical complement cascade. This is induced after target recognition through the IgG–Fab regions, allowing neighboring IgG–Fc tails to associate through Fc:Fc interaction, ultimately leading to hexamer formation. This hexamerization seems crucial for IgG to enable efficient interaction with the globular heads of the first complement component C1q and subsequent complement activation. In this study, we show that galactose incorporated in the IgG1–Fc enhances C1q binding, C4, C3 deposition, and complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in human erythrocytes and Raji cells. IgG1–Fc sialylation slightly enhanced binding of C1q, but had little effect on downstream complement activation. Using various mutations that decrease or increase hexamerization capacity of IgG1, we show that IgG1–Fc galactosylation has no intrinsic effect on C1q binding to IgG1, but enhances IgG1 hexamerization potential and, thereby, complement activation. These data suggest that the therapeutic potential of Abs can be amplified without introducing immunogenic mutations, by relatively simple glycoengineering.
Further improvements of the roof beam tilt method of gateroad support design
Authors: Cain P , Payne D A , Forrester D J
Published: August 2021

Twenty years of research into the design of permanent gateroad support (packs) in coal mines have resulted in two methods of pack design based on engineering principles. The first, the detached block concept, is based on static loading of the support system by a
hypothetical detached block. The second, the roof beam tilt concept, is based on the dynamic loading of the support system as the roof beam tilts over the roadway about a pivot point located in the rib-side.
The roof beam tilt concept has been used on a number of occasions to design packs in a variety of conditions. However, recent work in the Sydney Coalfield of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, has shown that design criteria based on the roof beam tilt concept in its present state of development is far
from universal in application.
After a review of published pack performance data, including detailed studies conducted in the UK, France and Canada, it was found that consideration of the mechanical properties of the roof beam produced a design criterion that fitted the available data. Modifications to the design process using
the roof beam tilt concept are suggested for use in pack design.
The work also revealed that current research in other aspects of coal mine ground control, particularly the areas of powered support design and subsidence prediction, may provide valuable information leading to major advances in this field. Such developments could also extend the application of the
roof beam tilt concept to the design of pillar systems.
BV6 enhances apoptosis in Lung cancer cells by ameliorating caspase expressions through attenuation of XIAP, cIAP-1, and cIAP-2 proteins
Authors: Ahmad Irfan , Dera Ayed A , Irfan Safia , Rajagopalan Prasanna , Ali Beg Mirza Masroor , Alshahrani Mohammad Y , Mir Mushtaq Ahmad , Abohashrh Mohammed , Alam Mohammad Mahtab , Wahab Shadma , Verma Amit Kumar , Srivastava Saurabh
Published: August 2021

Objective:

The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory role of second mitochondria determined activator of caspases mimetic on inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and regulation of caspases in nonsmall cell lung cancer cell line.

Materials and Methods:

Dimethyl sulfoxide and 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thizol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done to determine the IC50 of BV6 using NCI-H23 cell line. The levels of mRNA of X-linked IAP (XIAP), cellular IAP (cIAP-1), cIAP-2, caspase-6, and caspase-7 in H23 cell line were evaluated by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while their protein expressions were tested using western blotting.

Results:

Two doses of BV6 dependently downregulated the expression of mRNA of XIAP (P = 0.002, P= 0.0003 vs. untreated), cIAP-1 (P = 0.05, P = 0.005 vs. untreated), and cIAP-2 (P = 0.001, P = 0.0002 vs. untreated), respectively, while the compound upregulated the mRNA expression of caspase-6 (P = 0.001, P < 0.0001 vs. untreated) and caspase-7 (P = 0.001, P = 0.0004 vs. untreated), respectively. Dose dependent of BV6 treatment significantly decreased the protein level of XIAP (P = 0.003, P = 0.007 vs. untreated), cIAP-1 (P = 0.02, P = 0.01 vs. untreated), and cIAP-2 (P = 0.008,P = 0.008 vs. untreated), respectively. However, the compound increased the protein level of caspase-6 and caspase-7 when compared to untreated control (P = 0.006,P = 0.001) and (P = 0.01, P = 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions:

The result showed that BV6 treatment reduced the level of mRNA of XIAP, cIAP-1, and cIAP-2 and increased the gene expression of caspase-6 and caspase-7 in NCI-H23 cell line. Therefore, the study revealed that BV6 could be used in future as additional therapeutics in lung cancer.
Reirradiation and re-reirradiation in head-and-neck cancers
Authors: Singh Dinesh , Goel Arun , Chaudhary Prekshi , Subramaniam Bala
Published: August 2021

Second primary cancers and locoregional recurrences in head and neck cancers are common. Management is challenging owing to the effects of previous treatment. Locoregional therapy, whenever feasible, offers possibility of cure. We have managed a patient who has over a period of 15 years been treated seven times. Treatment included surgical resection four times, flap reconstruction thrice, postoperative radiation thrice, radiation therapy alone thrice. Brachytherapy has been used in two instances, intraoperative brachytherapy once and surface mould application once. Patient has maintained a good quality of life during these fifteen years but suffers from xerostomia and nasogastric tube dependence at present. The management of this patient teaches us important lessons in terms of using modern surgery and advances in radiation therapy for achieving good patient benefit.