bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HITNE MJERE ZAŠTITE ŽRTAVA NASILJA U PORODICI
Authors: Mitrović Ljubinko , Grbić-Pavlović Nikolina
Published: May 2019

Pravna regulisanost problema nasilja u porodici novijeg je datuma i dešava se,baš, nekako sa promjenama u percipiranju porodičnog nasilja kao javnog, a ne kaoisključivo privatnog problema. Na međunarodnoj pozornici intenzivno se pristupapravnom regulisanju nasilja u porodici. Unutar Bosne i Hercegovine i RepublikeSrpske proces pravnog regulisanja nasilja u porodici posebno je aktuelan u posljednjih15 godina. U Republici Srpskoj 2012. godine donesen je potpuno novi Zakon o zaštitiod nasilja u porodici (Službeni glasnik Republike Srpske, broj 102/12, 108/13, udaljem tekstu: Zakon). To je već drugi zakon kojim se posebno reguliše oblast nasiljau porodici. Ovim Zakonom predviđena je veoma značajna novina, a ona se odnosi nauvođenje „hitnih mjera zaštite“. Kao naročite mjere koje se mogu izreći nasilnikuprije pokretanja postupka ili u toku postupka predstavljaju bitnu odliku novogZakona. Upravo u ovom radu biće više riječi o ovim mjerama. Kako je sprovođenjeovih mjera u nadležnosti Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova, pored zakonskih odredbi ohitnim mjerama zaštite, u drugom dijelu rada biće više riječi o Pravilniku o načinusprovođenja hitnih i zaštitnih mjera koje su u nadležnosti Ministarstva unutrašnjihposlova („Službeni glasnik Republike Srpske“, broj 73/14, u daljem tekstu: Pravilnik).
ПРАВОВРЕМЕНОСT УПРАВНОГ СУЂЕЊА КРОЗ ПРАКСУ УСТАВНОГ СУДА Б И Х
Authors: Бранковић Горан
Published: May 2019

Ћутња односно непоступање судова преставља велики проблем на који се утеорији и пракси према нашем мишљењу недовољно указује и који није јаснорегулисан позитивним прописима. Ћутњом односно непоступањем судова увеликом броју случајева крше се права грађана утврђена Конвенцијом озаштити људских права и основних слобода и Уставом, а која се првенственоодносе на приступ суду и нарочито на право суђења у разумном року.Сматрамо да је потребно у случајевима ћутања судова слично као и код ћутањауправе законом децидирано предвидјети могућности правне заштите и начинњеног остваривања. Законским регулисањем овог питања управносудскипоступак у цјелости би остварио своју законом предвиђену улогу у заштитиосновних права грађана регулисаних Уставом и Конвенцијом.
AKREDITACIJA LABORATORIJAMETALOPRERAĐIVACKE INDUSTRIJE
Authors: Vuković Veljko , Šukalo-Golić Ljubica , Ižaković Dejana
Published: May 2019

U ovom rada naznačena je definicija samog pojma akreditacije kao i svih neophodnih funkcija koje laboratorija za metaloprerađivačku proizvodnju mora posjedovati da bi se mogla akreditovati. Navedne su osnovne smjernice i proces akreditacije laboratorija za metaloprerađivačku proizvodnju. Navedeni su osnovni elementi standarda koje je neophodno ispoštovati kako bi laboratorija mogla učestvovati u Sistemu akreditiranja u BiH, kao i Standard EN ISO/IEC 17025:1999 (EN ISO/IEC 17025:2004).
STRUKTURIRANJE OJAĈANIH ELASTOMERNIH MATERIJALA ZA DOBIJANJE PNEUMATIKA
Authors: Kojić Dejan , Lazić Nada , Pavličević Jelena , Aleksić Vojislav , Dugić Pero , Marković Gordana , Budinski-Simendić Jaroslava
Published: May 2019

Koncept ekološki prihvatljivih pneumatika zahteva: smanjenje emisije štetnih gasova,povećanje ekonomiĉnosti potrošnje goriva, povećanje trajnosti proizvoda i poboljšanjesigurnosti voţnje, naroĉito u uslovima vlaţnog kolovoza. Tipovi emulzionog stirenbutadienskogkauĉuka (SBR) sa razliĉitim sadrţajem stirena mogu da se kombinuju i sadrugim prekursorima mreţa kako bi se u umreţenom hibridnom materijalu za proizvodnjupneumatika ostvarile adekvatne temperature prelaska u staklasto stanje i obezbedile ţeljenekarakteristike otpornosti na kotrljanje kao i proklizavanje pneumatika na mokrom kolovozu.Nano balansirana tehnologija predstavlja kljuĉ razvoja materijala za dostizanje zahtevanihspecifiĉnih svojstava. Izbor tipa punila zavisi od zahtevanih svojstava, razliĉito za šaru,boĉnu stranu i vrh pneumatika. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se primenom dinamiĉko- mehaniĉkespektroskopije ustanovi uticaj modifikovanih nanoĉestica silicijum-dioksida na dinamiĉkimodul gubitaka pri razliĉitim frekvencijama kod elastomera na osnovu SBR.Umreţavana jestandardizovana smeša uz dodavanje komercijalnog ili modifikovanog punila silicijumdioksida. Modifikacijom punila broj OH grupa na površini je ostao na istom nivou, ali jeostvareno veliko poveĉanje karakteristike tzv. strukture koja je odreĊena metodom absorpcijeDBP. Modifikacija punila pokazala se kao dominantan faktor u poboljšanju dinamiĉkomehaniĉkihsvojstava dobijenih elastomernih nano-kompozita.
СПЕЦИФИЧНОСТИ УСТАВА БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕОВИНЕ И ОБЛИК ЊЕНОГ ДРЖАВНОГ УРЕЂЕЊА
Authors: Тодоровић Жељко
Published: May 2019

Циљ овога раде је да се поближе наведу специфичности (карактеристике) Устава Босне и Херцеговине и укаже на разлике које постоје између овог Устава и устава других држава у свијету. Наиме, Устав БиХ је у ствари Анекс 4 Општег оквирног споразума о миру за БиХ који је по много чему специфичан у односу на општи појам устава, као највишег правног акта. Ријеч је о једном „подареном“, „наметнутом“ Уставу, којим је утемељен вјероватно најсложенији облик државног уређења, који до данас није познат у свијету. Оно што представља основну специфичност (карактеристику) Устава БиХ јесте да то није устав ни у материјалном, ни у формалном смислу. Тим Уставом није експлицитно одређен облик државног уређења БиХ, као ни облик владавине, па је у раду на основу изнесених карактеристика Устава БиХ истакнуто ком облику државног уређења БиХ је најближа.
KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA TRGOVANJA NA BANJALUČKOJ I SARAJEVSKOJ BERZI
Authors: Žiravac Mladenović Marijana , Đurica Filip
Published: May 2019

Privredni sistem zemlje sastoji se od većeg broja podsistema od kojih je najvažnijifinansijski sistem jer povezuje i omogućava transfer sredstava između različitih učesnika uprivredi. Najvažniji elementi finansijskog sistema su: finanijska tržišta, finansijskiinstrumenti i finansijske institucije. Finansijski sistem povezuje štedne jedince sainvesticionim jedninicama pomoću finansijskih tržišta i finansijskih institiucija. Nafinansijskom tržištu susretanjem ponude i tražnje za finansijskim instrumentima formira secijena sredstava. Predmet istraživanja ovoga rada je tržište novca i kapitala sa osvrtom naBosnu i Hercegovinu kroz poređenje relevantnih pokazatelja poslovanja Banjalučke iSarajevske berze. Cilj istraživanja da se prikupe, obrade i analiziraju podaci na osnovu kojise može izvršiti poređenje poslovanja Banjalučke i Sarajevske berze za 2015. i 2016. godinua zatim pomoću komparativne analize utvrdi koja od dvije posmatrane berze je uspješnija u2016. godini.
Detection of pelagic habitats and abundance of skipjack tuna in relation to the environment in the Indian Ocean around Sri Lanka
Authors: Elepathage Thushani Suleka Madhubha , Tang Danling
Published: May 2019

Using remote sensing data of sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) together with catch data, the pelagic hotspots of Skipjack tuna (SKPJ) were identified. MODIS/Aqua satellite data and the fish catch data were obtained during 2002-2016 period. Empirical cumulative distribution frequency (ECDF) model of satellite-based oceanographic data in relation to skipjack fishing was used for the initial statistical analysis and the results showed that key pelagic habitat corresponded mainly with the 0.4 – 0.7 mg m-3 Chl-a concentration. Chl-a represents the phytoplankton that attracts the food items of SKPJ like zooplankton and nekton The favorable SST range for SKPJ is 26 - 27 0C which provides suitable thermocline and an optimum level of upwelling to circulate nutrients needed for the primary production. The high total catches and CPUEs were found within the months of September to December and the optimum levels of Chl-a, SST also were observed in similar months. Hence, the South-West monsoon season was identified as the best and peak season of SKPJ fisheries. SST and Chl-a are important indicators to detect the habitats of SKPJ and the maps prepared can be used in the future to cost-effectively and efficiently identify and demarcate the biological conservation regions or fisheries zones of SKPJ. According to GAM the 0.3 - 0.6 mg m-3 Chl-a, 28 - 28.5 0C SST in Western and 0.25 - 0.3 mg m-3 Chl-a and 28.5 - 28.80C SST in Eastern were found as highly correlated predictor variables value ranges with SKPJ abundance. The deviances explained in above areas in GAM were 90.8% and 61.4% respectively. The GAM was considered as a robustly dealing method with nonlinear relationships and it can be used to model the fish catch abundance with influencing variables significantly since it could predict the CPUE values greater than 90% similarly to nominal CPUEs in both subregions of the study area.
Evidence for a non-linear carbon accumulation pattern along an Alpine glacier retreat chronosequence in Northern Italy
Authors: Montagnani Leonardo , Badraghi Aysan , Speak Andrew Francis , Wellstein Camilla , Borruso Luigimaria , Zerbe Stefan , Zanotelli Damiano
Published: May 2019

Background. The glaciers in the Alps, as in other high mountain ranges and boreal zones, are generally retreating and leaving a wide surface of bare ground free from ice cover. This early stage soil is then colonized by microbes and vegetation in a process of primary succession. It is rarely experimentally examined whether this colonization process is linear or not at the ecosystem scale. Thus, to improve our understanding of the variables involved in the carbon accumulation in the different stages of primary succession, we conducted this research in three transects on the Matsch glacier forefield (Alps, N Italy) at an altitude between 2350 and 2800 m a.s.l.

Methods. In three field campaigns (July, August and September 2014) a closed transparent chamber was used to quantify the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) between the natural vegetation and the atmosphere. On the five plots established in each of the three transects, shading nets were used to determine ecosystem response function to variable light conditions. Ecosystem respiration (Reco) and gross ecosystem exchange (GEE) was partitioned from NEE. Following the final flux measurements, biometric sampling was conducted to establish soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content and the biomass components for each transect.

Results. A clear difference was found between the earlier and the later successional stage. The older successional stages in the lower altitudes acted as a stronger C sink, where NEE, GEE, and Reco were significantly higher than in the earlier successional stage. Of the two lower transects, the sink capacity of intermediate-succession plots exceeded that of the plots of older formation, in spite of the more developed soil. Total biomass (above- and belowground) approached its maximum value in the intermediate ecosystem. Whilst, the later stage of succession predominated in the corresponding belowground organic mass (biomass, N and C).

Outlook. We found that the process of carbon accumulation along a glacier retreat chronosequence is not linear, and after a quite rapid increase in carbon accumulation capacity in the first 150 years, in average 9 g C m-2 y-1, it slows down, taking place mainly in the belowground biomass components. Concurrently, the photosynthetic capacity peaks in the intermediate stage of ecosystem development. If confirmed by further studies on a larger scale, this study would provide evidence for a predominant effect of plant physiology over soil physical characteristics in the green-up phase after glacier retreat, which has to be taken into account in the creation of scenarios related to climate change and future land use.
Molecular evolution of the VacA p55 binding domain ofHelicobacter pyloriin mestizos from a high gastric cancer region of Colombia
Authors: Gutiérrez-Escobar Andrés J. , Bravo María M. , Acevedo Orlando , Backert Steffen
Published: May 2019

The stomach bacteriumHelicobacter pyloriis one of the most prevalent pathogens in humans, closely linked with serious diseases such as gastric cancer. The microbe has been associated with its host for more than 100,000 years and escorted modern humans out of Africa.H. pyloriis predominantly transmitted within families and dispersed globally, resulting in distinct phylogeographic patterns, which can be utilized to investigate migrations and bioturbation events in human history. Latin America was affected by several human migratory waves due to the Spanish colonisation that drastically changed the genetic load and composition of the bacteria and its host. Genetic evidence indicates that independent evolutionary lines ofH. pylorihave evolved in mestizos from Colombia and other countries in the region during more than 500 years since colonisation. The vacuolating cytotoxin VacA represents a major virulence factor of the pathogen comprising two domains, p33 and p55, the latter of which is essential for binding to the host epithelial cell. The evolution of the VacA toxin in Colombia has been strongly biased due to the effects of Spanish colonization. However, the variation patterns and microevolution of the p55 domain have not yet been described for this population. In the present study, we determined the genetic polymorphisms and deviations in the neutral model of molecular evolution in the p55 domain of 101 clinicalH. pyloriisolates collected in Bogotá, a city located in Andean mountains characterized by its high gastric cancer risk and its dominant mestizo population. The microevolutionary patterns of the p55 domain were shaped by recombination, purifying and episodic diversifying positive selection. Furthermore, amino acid positions 261 and 321 in the p55 domain of VacA show a high variability among mestizos clinical subsets, suggesting that natural selection inH. pylorimay operate differentially in patients with different gastric diseases.
Biomaterials research of China from 2013 to 2017 based on bibliometrics and visualization analysis
Authors: Hou Dandan , Bi Xuewei , Mao Zhinan , Fan Yubo , Hu Xiangming , Li Xiaoming
Published: May 2019

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the changes of development trends and research hotspots of biomaterials research from 2013 to 2017, which can identify the general information of papers and explore the changes of research content, thus providing perspectives for the development of biomaterials in China and other countries.

Methods

Data of the paper were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, and then analyzed by the bibliometric and CiteSpace visualization analysis.

Results

It was found that a total of 3,839 related papers had been published from the year 2013 to 2017. The analysis of the articles showed that the annual quantity and quality of the articles in the biomaterials research have been increasing since 2013, and the Wang L / Chinese Academy of Sciences were the most productive author/institution. Meanwhile, the keywords “in vitro”, “scaffold”, “nanoparticle” , “mechanical property”, and “biocompatibility” have the relatively higher frequency, and the keywords “apatite”, “deposition”, and “surface modification” have the strongest burst citation.

Conclusions

After statistics and analysis, we found that biomaterials is a promising research field. The study may be helpful in understanding research trends in this field.
Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Mineral Characteristics of Some Selected Sapotaceae Plants
Authors: Chakradhari Suryakant , Deb Manas Kanti , Patel Khageshwar Singh , Martín-Gil Jesús , Towett Erick K. , Martín-Ramos Pablo
Published: May 2019

Aims: To study the spectral and thermal characteristics, and the oil, starch, polyphenol and mineral contents of seeds and leaves from three Sapotaceae species, provided that trees and shrubs of this family are an important source of nutritional and functional products.

Methodology: Leaves and seeds from three Sapotaceae plants, namely Moa tree (Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel.), Chico sapote (Manilkara zapota (Linn.) van Royen) and Spanish cherry (Mimusops elengi Linn.), were collected in the Raipur area of Chhattisgarh, India. Their physicochemical characterization (including oil, polyphenol, starch and mineral contents; functional groups; and thermal degradation patterns) was carried out by using various techniques, viz. solvent extraction, spectrophotometry, enzymatic digestion, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively.

Results: The three Sapotaceae seeds under study were found to contain polyphenol, mineral, starch and oil contents in the 1850–23180 mg/kg, 11390–19385 mg/kg, 6.7–9.1% and 9.8-54.1% range, respectively. Their leaves and seed coats featured total phenolic contents in the 24260–28600 mg/kg and 7810–23060 mg/kg range, respectively, and mineral contents in the 8823–27462 mg/kg and 3619–15884 mg/kg range, respectively. The functional groups of the phytochemicals, studied by FTIR, were assigned. Their thermal decomposition patterns, which involved loss of water and volatile organic compounds, proteins, oil and starch/cellulose, were also described.

Conclusion: The Sapotaceae leaves, seed coat, kernel and cake are enriched with very high contents of starch, proteins, polyphenols and minerals, suggesting their possible valorization in human food, animal feeding and as herbal medicines.
Apolipoprotein E associated with reconstituted high‐density lipoprotein‐like particles is protected from aggregation
Authors: Hubin Ellen , Verghese Philip B. , van Nuland Nico , Broersen Kerensa
Published: May 2019

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype determines Alzheimer's disease (AD) susceptibility, with the APOE ε4 allele being an established risk factor for late‐onset AD. The ApoE lipidation status has been reported to impact amyloid‐beta (Aβ) peptide metabolism. The details of how lipidation affects ApoE behavior remain to be elucidated. In this study, we prepared lipid‐free and lipid‐bound ApoE particles, mimicking the high‐density lipoprotein particles found in vivo, for all three isoforms (ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4) and biophysically characterized them. We find that lipid‐free ApoE in solution has the tendency to aggregate in vitro in an isoform‐dependent manner under near‐physiological conditions and that aggregation is impeded by lipidation of ApoE.
Evaluation of Response Criteria in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Biologic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: Inoue Mariko , Kanda Hiroko , Tateishi Shoko , Fujio Keishi
Published: May 2019

Objective

Biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment have several mechanisms of action. Interleukin‐6 inhibitors (IL‐6i) block the production of acute‐phase reactants (APRs), which are some of the composite measures of disease activity. We undertook this study to examine the agreement between the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response based on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C‐reactive protein level, the Simplified Disease Activity Index 50% response measure (SDAI50), and the Clinical Disease Activity Index 50% response measure (CDAI50) in patients treated with IL‐6i and other bDMARDs.

Methods

We enrolled 306 patients with RA who started or switched bDMARDs. Treatment response at 6 months was analyzed. Kappa statistics were used to evaluate the agreement between different response measures. The contribution of APRs to improvement in disease activity scores was examined. The change of Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score was analyzed in IL‐6i–treated patients.

Results

Good agreement was achieved between response measures, with κ >0.6 in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors or cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 immunoglobulin fusion protein. In IL‐6i–treated patients, the agreement was low between the EULAR response (ESR) and the SDAI50 or the CDAI50 (κ = 0.43 and 0.37, respectively). Under IL‐6i treatment, APR improvement accounted for 56.0% of total improvement of the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) using the ESR. When discordance was found between the CDAI50 and EULAR response in IL‐6i–treated patients, all patients were classified as EULAR‐only responders; there was no HAQ improvement in EULAR‐only responders.

Conclusion

EULAR response criteria overestimate the response under IL‐6i treatment because the APR improvement largely contributes to the DAS28 improvement.
Different Phenotypes of Osteoarthritis in the Lumbar Spine Reflected by Demographic and Clinical Characteristics: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project
Authors: Goode Adam P. , Cleveland Rebecca J. , George Steven Z. , Kraus Virginia B. , Schwartz Todd A. , Gracely Richard H. , Jordan Joanne M. , Golightly Yvonne M.
Published: May 2019

Objective

To determine if associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and appendicular joint osteoarthritis (OA) reflect different phenotypes of OA in the lumbar spine.

Methods

Participants were from the Johnston County OA Project. Demographic information consisted of age, sex, and race (white and African American), and clinical characteristics consisted of body mass index (BMI), low back pain and injury, and knee, hip, and hand OA. Participants were categorized as having spine OA, facet joint OA, both spine OA and facet joint OA, or neither spine OA nor facet joint OA (referent group). Multinomial regression models were used to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results

Of 1,793 participants, the mean ± SD age was 66.2 ± 10.1 years, and the mean ± SD BMI was 30.7 ± 6.2. The majority of the participants were women (n = 1,144 [63.8%]), and 31.8% of the participants (n = 570) were African American. Eighteen percent of participants had neither spine OA nor facet joint OA, 22.8% had facet joint OA, 13.2% had spine OA, and 46.0% had both spine OA and facet joint OA. In adjusted analyses, African Americans were less likely to have facet joint OA (OR 0.68 [95% CI 0.49–0.95]) or both spine OA and facet joint OA (OR 0.51 [95% CI 0.37–0.70]). Women were more likely to have facet joint OA (OR 1.71 [95% CI 1.24–2.36]). Having a BMI of ≥30 was associated with having facet joint OA (OR 1.76 [95% CI 1.28–2.42]) and both spine OA and facet joint OA (OR 1.85 [95% CI 1.37–2.51]). Knee OA was associated with all 3 OA groups, while lower back injury was associated only with those with spine OA. Participants with hip OA were less likely to have facet joint OA.

Conclusion

Race, sex, BMI, hip OA, and lower back injury may help identify different OA phenotypes in the lumbar spine.
CDC begins to backtrack on its pain guideline, saying it was ‘misapplied’
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2019

Last month, the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) took what many view as a first step toward retracting its now‐infamous “Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain” issued in 2016.
Defect‐Driven Structural Distortions at the Surface of Relaxor Ferroelectrics
Authors: Kong Scarlet , Kumar Nitish , Checchia Stefano , Cazorla Claudio , Daniels John
Published: May 2019

Relaxor‐ferroelectric materials find application in a broad range of technological devices, including ultrasonic imaging transducers, nanopositioning, and high‐performance capacitors. They generally exhibit occupationally disordered structures creating local polar fluctuations that are highly sensitive to applied electric or stress fields. The sensitivity of the material structure to external field and stress conditions also makes them likely to develop skin or surface phases that are unique from the bulk. Surface layers can adjust the material response and also lead to ambiguity in structural characterization. Here, using a combination of X‐ray diffraction methods, it is shown that a ≈20 µm skin structure commonly exists in the lead‐free relaxor‐ferroelectric ceramic (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–BaTiO3. Using experiments and density functional theory calculations, it is shown that the combined action of oxygen vacancies providing internal chemical pressure and the surface plane stress state dictates the stability and structure of the skin layer. This work can be extended to all perovskite relaxor ferroelectrics and provides new insights into the origin of skin layers in these materials. The opportunity exists to further enhance the functionality of these materials through engineering of surface structures using the methods outlined here.
Direct Ink Writing of Adjustable Electrochemical Energy Storage Device with High Gravimetric Energy Densities
Authors: Zhao Jingxin , Zhang Yan , Zhao Xiaoxin , Wang Rutao , Xie Jixun , Yang Chengfeng , Wang Juanjuan , Zhang Qichong , Li Lele , Lu Conghua , Yao Yagang
Published: May 2019

3D printing graphene aerogel with periodic microlattices has great prospects for various practical applications due to their low density, large surface area, high porosity, excellent electrical conductivity, good elasticity, and designed lattice structures. However, the low specific capacitance limits their development in energy storage fields due to the stacking of graphene. Therefore, constructing a graphene‐based 2D materials hybridization aerogel that consists of the pseduocapacitive substance and graphene material is necessary for enhancing electrochemical performance. Herein, 3D printing periodic graphene‐based composite hybrid aerogel microlattices (HAMs) are reported via 3D printing direct ink writing technology. The rich porous structure, high electrical conductivity, and highly interconnected networks of the HAMs aid electron and ion transport, further enabling excellent capacitive performance for supercapacitors. An asymmetric supercapacitor device is assembled by two different 4‐mm‐thick electrodes, which can yield high gravimetric specific capacitance (Cg) of 149.71 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and gravimetric energy density (Eg) of 52.64 Wh kg−1, and retains a capacitance retention of 95.5% after 10 000 cycles. This work provides a general strategy for designing the graphene‐based mixed‐dimensional hybrid architectures, which can be utilized in energy storage fields.
Functional Pyrimidinyl Pyrazolate Pt(II) Complexes: Role of Nitrogen Atom in Tuning the Solid‐State Stacking and Photophysics
Authors: Ganesan Paramaguru , Hung Wen‐Yi , Tso Jen‐Yung , Ko Chang‐Lun , Wang Tsai‐Hui , Chen Po‐Ting , Hsu Hsiu‐Fu , Liu Shih‐Hung , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Chou Pi‐Tai , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Chi Yun
Published: May 2019

Pt(II) metal complexes are known to exhibit strong solid‐state aggregation and are promising for realization of efficient emission in fabrication of organic light emitting diodes (OLED) with nondoped emitter layer. Four pyrimidine–pyrazolate based chelates, together with four isomeric Pt(II) metal complexes, namely: [Pt(pm2z)2], [Pt(tpm2z)2], [Pt(pm4z)2], and [Pt(tpm4z)2], are isolated and systematically investigated for their structure–property relationships for practical OLED applications. Detailed single molecular and aggregated structures are revealed by photophysical and mechanochromic measurements, grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction, and theoretical approaches. These results suggest that these Pt(II) emitters pack like a deck of playing cards under vacuum deposition, and their emission energy is not only affected by the single molecular designs, but notably influenced by their intermolecular packing interaction, i.e., Pt···Pt separations that are arranged in the order: [Pt(tpm4z)2] > [Pt(pm4z)2] > [Pt(tpm2z)2] > [Pt(pm2z)2]. Nondoped OLED with emission ranging from green to red are prepared, to which the best performances are recorded for [Pt(tpm2z)2], giving maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 27.5% at 103 cd m−2, maximum luminance of 2.5 × 105 cd m−2 at 17 V, and with stable CIEx,y of (0.56, 0.44).
A Phase Transformation‐Resistant Electrode Enabled by a MnO2‐Confined Effect for Enhanced Energy Storage
Authors: Guo Wei , Yu Chang , Li Shaofeng , Song Xuedan , Yang Ying , Qiu Bo , Zhao Changtai , Huang Huawei , Yang Juan , Han Xiaotong , Li Dan , Qiu Jieshan
Published: May 2019

Although the transition metal oxides/hydroxides are regarded as highly promising and attractive materials for efficient energy storage, a precycling/activation process is usually adopted to stabilize phase components and achieve reversible output. Moreover, the intrinsic mechanism involved in precycling process is not always concerned and remains to be further decoupled. Herein, overcoming the challenges associated with the MnO2‐confined effect is proposed, which is enabled by in situ dissolving‐out and conversion of Mn species in MnO2 derived from the Co‐induced effect. Notably, a high electrochemical stability without activation and a superior initial Coulombic efficiency of 96.2% can be achieved without any precycling or activation process, which increases by 33.5% in comparison to the efficiency of the hybrids without MnO2 surface‐confined effect. And a specific capacity up to 164 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 can be achieved with an excellent capacity retention rate of 90% at 30 A g−1, which only drops slightly and remains at a high level of 87% even after 5000 cycles. This strategy may function as a model for the design and configuration of highly stable electrodes toward high‐efficient energy storage and conversion applications.
Ethanol Assisted Transfer for Clean Assembly of 2D Building Blocks and Suspended Structures
Authors: Yang Xin , Li Xiuqiang , Deng Yu , Wang Yuxi , Liu Guoliang , Wei Cong , Li Hai , Wu Zhen , Zheng Qinghui , Chen Zhiwen , Jiang Qing , Lu Haiming , Zhu Jia
Published: May 2019

As two dimensional materials (2D materials) demonstrate unique and diverse properties, clean transfer methods can serve a cornerstone for creative assembly of these 2D building blocks for both fundamental explorations and versatile applications. One of the major challenges for preserving the pristine properties of 2D materials during transfer and construction is to debond 2D materials from original substrates without inducing structural damage and external contamination. In this work, through both molecular dynamic studies and experimental demonstration, it is found that droplets of ethanol, a common and environmental friendly solvent, can be used to effectively reduce the adhesion energy between 2D materials and substrates, and therefore enable a clean transfer method for 2D mterials. Various assembled structures based on 2D building blocks, such as van der Waals heterostructures, predesigned artificial patterns, 2D materials on suspended devices are all demonstrated. Thermal conductivity measurements of MoS2 nanosheets on a suspended microbridge device also confirm the successful application of suspended 2D transfer. It is expected that this ethanol assisted transfer method can enable clean assembly of 2D building blocks for construction of novel structures and suspended devices.
Advanced Electron Microscopy for III/V on Silicon Integration
Authors: Beyer Andreas , Volz Kerstin
Published: May 2019

The combination of III/V semiconductors with Si is very attractive, since it allows the fabrication of high efficient optoelectronic devices like solar cells, lasers or the integration of III/V transistors on Si substrates. However, the growth of polar III/V materials on nonpolar Si holds several challenges. The different valences of group III and group V atoms as well as Si possibly give rise to the formation of charged defects, i.e., antiphase boundaries, as well as to charge accumulation at the interface between the different materials. Accordingly, the interfaces present, i.e., the ones between antiphase and main phase and the one between III/V and Si, eventually limit any device's performance. Electron microscopy, in particular transmission electron microscopy, has proven to be a valuable tool to acquire quantitative information from III/V–Si heterostructures. Among this information are defect densities as well as the structure of the involved interfaces at spatial resolutions down to the atomic level. Moreover, information on charge distribution can be retrieved. In this review, the authors collocate the results gained for the model system GaP on Si utilizing various electron microscopy related techniques.
Universal Work Function of Metal Oxides Exposed to Air
Authors: Rietwyk Kevin J. , Keller David A. , Ginsburg Adam , Barad Hannah‐Noa , Priel Maayan , Majhi Koushik , Yan Zhi , Tirosh Shay , Anderson Assaf Y. , Ley Lothar , Zaban Arie
Published: May 2019

Metal oxides are the cornerstone of thin‐film electronics, a multibillion dollar industry, because they possess a wide variety of optoelectronic properties, exhibit novel functionalities, and can typically be fabricated from cheap, nontoxic raw materials. However, for thin‐film electronics to achieve further market penetration, it is necessary to replace expensive vacuum‐based fabrication processes with low‐cost, large‐scale solution‐based methods. Here, the influence of exposure to air on the band energies of metal oxides is investigated, which is crucial for predicting the operation of thin‐film devices under realistic conditions. A universal reduction in the work function is observed across 18 oxides, and for a subset, n‐type doping of the surfaces is observed after they have been exposed to atmosphere for extended periods of time. These effects arise from charge transfer events with the ubiquitous water layer that forms on surfaces in air. A quantitative analysis of the changes is provided based on the electrochemical transfer doping model, and the amount of transferred charge and the equilibrium work function of oxides in air are calculated which are in agreement with the measurements.
Explaining the Exceptional Wet Integrity of Transparent Cellulose Nanofibril Films in the Presence of Multivalent Ions—Suitable Substrates for Biointerfaces
Authors: Benselfelt Tobias , Nordenström Malin , Lindström Stefan B. , Wågberg Lars
Published: May 2019

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) assemble into water‐resilient materials in the presence of multivalent counter‐ions. The essential mechanisms behind these assemblies are ion–ion correlation and specific ion effects. A network model shows that the interfibril attraction indirectly influences the wet modulus by a fourth power relationship to the solidity of the network (Ew ∝ φ4). Ions that induce both ion–ion correlation and specific ion effects significantly reduce the swelling of the films, and due to the nonlinear relationship dramatically increase the wet modulus. Herein, this network model is used to explain the elastoplastic behavior of wet films of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl radical (TEMPO)‐oxidized, carboxymethylated, and phosphorylated CNFs in the presence of different counter‐ions. The main findings are that the aspect ratio of the CNFs influences the ductility of the assemblies, that the bivalency of phosphorylate ligands probably limits the formation of interfibril complexes with divalent ions, and that a higher charge density increases the friction between fibrils by increasing the short‐range attraction from ion–ion correlation and specific ion effects. These findings can be used to rationally design CNF materials for a variety of applications where wet strength, ductility, and transparency are important, such as biomaterials or substrates for bioelectronics.
Planet–Satellite Nanostructures Based on Block Copolymer‐Surfactant Nanoparticles Surface‐Decorated with Gold and Silver: A New Strategy for Interfacial Catalysis
Authors: Ferreira Guilherme A. , Loh Watson
Published: May 2019

Gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) are covalently conjugated onto the surface of thiol‐functionalized block copolymer particles containing surfactant‐rich liquid crystalline cores. The resulting planet–satellite nanoconjugates display enhanced colloidal stability upon changes in solution pH or ionic strength and interfacial properties that result in the stabilization of oil‐in‐water emulsions. These biphasic systems are used as medium for catalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid and the nanoconjugates display catalytic activity comparable to the single Ag and Au NPs in aqueous medium, with the advantage of an easier and more efficient separation of unreacted alcohol and product from reaction medium, making this the first report on interfacial gold‐ and silver‐catalyzed aerobic alcohol oxidation. These results, and the flexibility of the present approach, support the proposal of this methodology as a general platform for interfacial catalysis based on these novel nanomaterials.
Angular‐Adaptive Spin‐Locked Retroreflector Based on Reconfigurable Magnetic Metagrating
Authors: Li Min , Jing Liqiao , Lin Xiao , Xu Su , Shen Lian , Zheng Bin , Wang Zuojia , Chen Hongsheng
Published: May 2019

Retroreflectors made of gradient metasurfaces have recently attracted intense interests due to their ability in reflecting incident light back to its source. So far, the current retroreflectors can only flip the transverse momenta of incident photons in specific incidence angles and thus have limitations in wide‐angle applications. Here, a switchable metagrating based retroreflector is proposed for high‐efficient spin‐locked retroreflection and suppression of undesired diffractions. Upon reflection, the handedness of the waves is kept the same as the incidence. Furthermore, by mechanically altering the folding state of the reconfigurable retroreflector, adaptive tangential momenta could be imparted to the incidence photons, providing a high‐performance retroreflection over a continuous range of incidence angles from 27.3° to 52.5°. As a proof of concept, a magnetic metagrating based retroreflector is fabricated at microwave frequencies and experimental measurements show consistent behaviors at various incidence angles. The proposed retroreflector is compact (overall thickness of 0.204 of the wavelength) and inherently insensitive to the illumination angle. As the design concept introduced in the paper could be extended to terahertz and optical frequencies, the design may serve as a promising platform toward reconfigurable spin‐based retroreflection devices for not only interface electromagnetics but also ultraflat photonics.
Thickness‐Dependent Refractive Index of 1L, 2L, and 3L MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2
Authors: Hsu Chunwei , Frisenda Riccardo , Schmidt Robert , Arora Ashish , de Vasconcellos Steffen Michaelis , Bratschitsch Rudolf , van der Zant Herre S. J. , Castellanos‐Gomez Andres
Published: May 2019

An interesting aspect of 2D materials is the change of their electronic structure with the reduction of thickness. Molybdenum and tungsten‐based transition metal dichalcogenides form an important family of 2D materials, whose members show a thickness‐dependent bandgap and strong light–matter interaction. In this work, the experimental determination of the complex refractive index of 1‐, 2‐, 3‐layer thick MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2 in the range from 400 to 850 nm of the electromagnetic spectrum is reported by using microreflectance spectroscopy and combined with calculations based on the Fresnel equations. It is further provided a comparison with the bulk refractive index values reported in the literature and a discussion of the difference/similarity between our work and the monolayer refractive index available from the literature, finding that the results from different techniques are in good agreement.
Prevailing Strategies to Tune Emission Color of Lanthanide‐Activated Phosphors for WLED Applications
Authors: Shao Baiqi , Huo Jiansheng , You Hongpeng
Published: May 2019

Significant effort has been made in the exploration of novel lanthanide‐activated phosphors with multicolor emission over the last decade, especially highly efficient and emission tunable phosphor systems, to optimize the performance of white light‐emitting diodes with regard to their positive impact on energy efficiency, their correlated color temperature, and their color rendering index. Therefore, a research focus in recent years has been the modification and tailoring of the photoluminescence of phosphors, enabling the acquisition of new phosphors with tunable emission colors. This review aims to highlight the prevailing strategies used for tuning the photoluminescence of lanthanide‐activated phosphors. Remarkable examples of newly designed emission‐tunable phosphor materials based on these prevailing strategies are introduced in this review. A comprehensive understanding of these strategies can provide an extensive guide for the discovery and fabrication of highly efficient phosphors with tunable emission colors in the future.
Physics and Optoelectronic Simulation of Photodetectors Based on 2D Materials
Authors: Cao Guoyang , An Yidan , Bao Qiaoliang , Li Xiaofeng
Published: May 2019

2D‐material‐based photodetectors (2DMPDs) have attracted broad interest due to their many unique benefits (e.g., their giant photoresponsivity). However, a thorough device‐level simulation, which takes into account optical absorption, electrical transportation, and semiconductor material properties, is still challenging. This study reports the realization of a comprehensive optoelectronic simulation of 2DMPDs in multidimensional and multiphysics domains. This work begins with a simulation of conventional monolayer photoresistor detectors by introducing basic theories and simulation technologies. In particular, the trap effect, which is highly important for regulating the photoresponse of 2D devices, is successfully introduced into the simulation so that very good agreement between the simulation and an experiment is realized. The simulation is extended to popular monolayer phototransistors so that precise quantitative evaluations of the optoelectronic device performance, such as the output characteristics, transfer properties, responsivity, response time, and detectivity, become very convenient. Furthermore, a time‐domain device simulation is implemented, which allows to study the modulation characteristics of 2DMPDs. The device‐level simulation provides a useful platform for studying and optimally designing advanced 2DMPDs. For example, this simulation is convenient for studying the balance between photoresponsivity and response time in 2DMPDs.
H‐/dT‐MoS2‐on‐MXene Heterostructures as Promising 2D Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Insights from First Principles
Authors: Shao Yangfan , Gong Penglai , Pan Hui , Shi Xingqiang
Published: May 2019

Experimental synthesis of two‐dimensional MoS2‐on‐MXene heterostructures and phase control of MoS2 have been demonstrated recently. Here, the electronic, electrochemical, mechanical properties, and structural morphology of MoS2@Ti2C and MoS2@Ti2CO2 heterostructures as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries are systematically investigated by taking advantages of van der Waals corrected spin‐polarized density functional theory to give atomistic insights. The results herein demonstrate that, for the MoS2@Ti2CO2 heterostructure, MoS2 polymorph drastically affects the electronic structure and lithium (Li) diffusion at the interface. Li diffusion barrier at the interface of dT‐MoS2@Ti2CO2 along zigzag direction (0.15 eV) is much smaller than that of H‐MoS2@Ti2CO2 (0.67 eV). For the MoS2@Ti2C heterostructure, however, the Li diffusion behavior and electronic structure are relatively insensitive to MoS2 morphology. Especially, the MoS2@Ti2C heterostructures shows ultralow diffusion barrier, high charge–discharge rate, very low open‐circuit voltage (0.62–0.25 V), and high mechanical flexibility. These results suggest that MoS2@MXene heterostructures are promising anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries.
Threshold Voltage Modulation of a Graphene–ZnO Barristor Using a Polymer Doping Process
Authors: Kim So‐Young , Hwang Jeongwoon , Kim Yun Ji , Hwang Hyeon Jun , Son Myungwoo , Revannath Nikam , Ham Moon‐Ho , Cho Kyeongjae , Lee Byoung Hun
Published: May 2019

A method to modulate the threshold voltage of a graphene–ZnO barristor is investigated. Two types of polymers, polyethyleneimine (as an n‐type dopant) and poly (acrylic acid) (as a p‐type dopant), are used to pre‐set the initial Fermi level of the graphene. The threshold voltage of the graphene barristor can be modulated between −2.0 V (n‐type graphene) and 1.2 V (p‐type graphene) while modulating the Fermi level of the graphene by 120 meV. This process provides a scalable and facile method to adjust the threshold voltage of graphene–semiconductor junction‐based devices, which is a crucial function required to implement graphene‐based electronic devices in integrated circuits.
Conducting‐Polymer Bolometers for Low‐Cost IR‐Detection Systems
Authors: Håkansson Anna , Shahi Maryam , Brill Joseph W. , Fabiano Simone , Crispin Xavier
Published: May 2019

Semiconducting polymers are promising materials for manufacturing optoelectronic devices, such as large‐area solar cells or small light‐emitting diodes, through the use of printing technologies. In their oxidized form, π‐conjugated polymers become good electrical conductors and their optical absorption shifts to the infrared region. It is demonstrated that conducting polymers can be integrated in bolometers for IR detection. A bolometer is a thermally isolated thin device that absorbs IR radiation and translates a temperature change into a change in electrical resistance. While commercial bolometers are usually made of complex architectures comprising several materials (that is, an IR absorbing layer, a conducting layer, and a thermally insulating layer), the first polymer bolometer is demonstrated with a freestanding layer of poly(3,4‐ethylene‐dioxythiophene) having high IR absorption, low thermal conductivity, and good thermistor action in one single layer. The solution processability of conducting polymers, their compatibility with high‐resolution printing technologies, and their unique combination of optoelectronic properties can lead to a breakthrough for low‐cost uncooled IR cameras, which are in high demand for security and safety applications.
Surface Catalytic Modification of Conjugated Polymer on Low‐Cost Bottom Contact for Improved Injection Efficiency of Organic Transistors
Authors: Chen Xiaosong , Yi Kongyang , Zhang Wenjing , Wei Dacheng , Liu Yunqi
Published: May 2019

Their mismatched energy alignment with organic semiconductors limits the application of low‐cost metals in organic electronics. A novel surface catalytic low‐temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) based on the Ullmann reaction is applied to selectively modify patterned Ag/Cu electrodes. The work functions of Ag and Cu are tuned from 4.3 and 4.5 eV to 4.8 and 4.9 eV, respectively, after modification with conjugated polymers. Owing to the change in work function and pentacene morphology, the contact resistance decreases by several orders of magnitude compared with that of devices with pristine Ag or Cu electrodes, and the correspond mobilities of pentacene bottom‐contact field effect transistors increase to 0.66 cm2 V−1 s−1 (Ag) and 0.64 cm2 V−1 s−1 (Cu). This mobility is one of the highest values demonstrated with pentacene organic field‐effect transistors with Cu or Ag electrodes. This simple, clean, and low‐temperature modification method paves the way for the application of low‐cost metals in organic electronics.