bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Конструкция и рабочие характеристики электронного источника с полым катодом и несамостоятельным высоковольтным тлеющим разрядом
Authors: Гушенец В.И. , Бугаев А.С. , Окс Е.М.
Published: November 2022

В докладе представлены результаты исследований импульсных источников электронов (электронных пушек), разрядный механизм которых основан на несамостоятельном высоковольтном тлеющем разряде. Электронные пушки с несамостоятельным высоковольтным разрядом можно разделить на два основных типа: системы с чисто ионно-электронной эмиссией с массивного (зачастую плоского) катода, бомбардируемого ионами, и системы с полым катодом. В последнем типе электронной пушки плазма, которая генерируется внутри полого катода вследствие бомбардировки ионным пучком, действует как эмиттер электронного пучка. Источником бомбардирующих ионов является анодная плазма вспомогательного разряда. Ионы извлекаются из этой плазмы и ускоряются к катоду, имеющему высокий плавающий потенциал в несколько десятков кВ. Электроны, эмитируемые катодом, ускоряются тем же полем по направлению к аноду. Анодная плазма, ее параметры, характер и устойчивость горения разряда является определяющими в работе электронного источника с ВТР, поэтому в докладе определенное внимание уделено генератору анодной плазмы, построенному на основе геометрии плазменного ускорителя с замкнутым дрейфом электронов. С помощью зондовых методов исследования измерены основные локальные параметры анодной плазмы – температура электронов и концентрация ионов.
High-intensity ion beams with submillisecond duration for synergistic of ion implantation and energy impact on the surface
Authors: Ryabchikov A.I. , Sivin D.O. , Dektyarev S.V.
Published: November 2022

The development of methods to modify materials based on the synergistic high-intensity implantation and simultaneous energy impact on the ion-doped layer involves using the pulsed and repetitively-pulsed beams of metal and gas ion beams with micro-submillisecond duration with high pulsed power density. The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the formation of pulsed and repetitively-pulsed high-intensity beams of titanium ions with a pulse duration from 150 to 500 μs. The plasma flow was generated by a vacuum arc discharge. To obtain ion beams with a power density in the range from several tens to several hundreds of kilowatts per square centimeter, ballistic focusing of ions was used using an extracting grid electrode in the form of a part of a sphere. The features of the forming the high-power repetitively-pulsed beams of titanium ions were studied using both the ion source “Rainbow 5”. Data are presented on the influence of the ion beam space charge neutralization processes at current densities from fractions to several amperes per square centimeter on the efficiency of the ion beam’s transport and focusing at accelerating voltages from 10 to 30 kV.
Modeling of reactive sputtering and evaporation in a hot-target magnetron discharge
Authors: Kolodko D.V. , Sorokin S.M. , Kaziev A.V.
Published: November 2022

We theoretically consider the joint influence of hot-target effects and the pulsed nature of the discharge on the state of the target surface. We enhance the previously modified time-dependent Berg model by taking into account the evaporation of target material as well as the influence of target temperature on the rate of chemical reactions on its surface. The system of equations describes the state of the target in terms of poisoned area fractions θ1 and θ2, where index 1 corresponds to the monoatomic surface layer, and index 2 – to the layer beneath the surface (subsurface layer). The processes of chemisorption on target surface, sputtering of reactive gas atoms from target, implantation of reactive gas ions to the sub-surface layer, material evaporation, and transfer between the layers are considered. A separate equation connects the atomic fluxes of reactive gas associated with target and substrate surfaces with the volumetric characteristics, such as gas injection rate and pumping speed. The system of equations is solved numerically, and test results are presented.
Вакуумная дуга на поверхности вольфрама, покрытого наноструктурами FUZZ
Authors: Музюкин И. , Михайлов П. , Мамонтов Ю. , Земсков Ю. , Уйманов И. , Баренгольц С.
Published: November 2022

В работе представлены результаты исследования слаботочной вакуумной дуги на вольфрамовом катоде, покрытом наноструктурами FUZZ. В процессе измерений были получены синхронные осциллограммы тока разряда, напряжения между электродами и свечения плазмы. В результате измерений было показано, что вакуумная дуга на покрытии FUZZ крайне нестабильна. Разряд может иметь несколько режимов тока и напряжения, которые могут произвольно переходить один в другой. При этом, в отличие от дугового разряда на чистых металлах, дуга на покрытии FUZZ фактически не имеет порогового тока.
Триботехнические и физико-механические свойства штамповой стали, подвергнутой комбинированной ионно-плазменной обработке
Authors: Леонов А. , Денисова Ю. , Денисов В. , Савчук М. , Тищенко В.
Published: November 2022

В работе представлены результаты исследования триботехнических и физико-механических свойств штамповой стали Х12МФ, подвергнутой комбинированной ионно-плазменной обработке, включающей в себя ионно-плазменное азотирование и вакуумно-дуговое напыление на азотированный подслой покрытий системы (Ti, Cr)N. Азотирование проводилось в двух режимах, при которых отсутствовал «белый» нитридный слой и формировался. Нитридный слой был толщиной 5–7 мкм, а толщина диффузионного слоя около 55–70 мкм. Было показано, что комбинированная обработка позволяет существенно снизить коэффициент трения и параметра износа, а также приводит увеличению микротвердости.
Composition of catalytic layers prepared by ion beam assisted deposition of dysprosium and platinum from a pulsed arc discharge plasma onto carbon catalysts carriers
Authors: Poplavsky V. , Dorozhko A. , Matys V.
Published: November 2022

Plasma produced in metal vapors of a low-voltage vacuum arc discharge between two metal electrodes at their periodic contact was used to preparation surface catalytic layers by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of dysprosium and platinum onto special carbon fiber catalysts carriers. Formation of layers in IBAD mode, by means of the deposition of metal and mixing of precipitating layer with the substrate by accelerated (U = 5 kV) ions of the same metal, was carried out. In this process, a neutral fraction of metal vapor and ionized plasma of vacuum pulsed electric arc were used. Investigation of the composition of prepared layers was carried out by EDX, SEM, RBS and WD-XRF methods. Electrocatalysts with the prepared layers are active in the oxidation of methanol and ethanol reactions, which are the basis of the principle of operation of low-temperature fuel cells.
Ионно-лучевая обработки внутренней поверхности отверстий из титана высокоинтенсивными пучками ионов алюминия
Authors: Рябчиков А.И. , Сивин Д.О. , Иванова А.И. , Корнева О.С. , Вахрушев Д.О.
Published: November 2022

В данной работе исследуется возможность модификации внутренней поверхности отверстий сфокусированными высокоинтенсивными пучками ионов металлов низкой энергии. Аксиально-симметричная система плазменно-иммерсионной экстракции и баллистической фокусировки обеспечивала формирование ионных пучков. Воздействие пучка ионов на внутреннюю поверхность осуществлялось в области дефокусировки пучка. В исследованиях рассматривалось воздействие пучка ионов алюминия со средней энергией 3 кэВ на внутреннюю поверхность трубы из титана ВТ1-0 диметром 25 мм. Пучки формировались из плазмы непрерывного вакуумно-дугового разряда с частотой следования 40 кГц и длительностью импульсов 10 мкс. Установлено, что взаимное осаждение распыленного материала на противоположные стороны отверстия приводит к самокомпенсации ионного распыления в аксиально-симметричных отверстиях. Подавление ионного распыления приводит к увеличению толщины ионно-легированного слоя. В результате воздействия ионным пучком на внутреннюю поверхность трубы из титана были получены слои, включающие в себя кристаллиты алюминидов титана толщиной свыше 7.5 мкм с максимальной концентрацией алюминия более 25 ат.%. Воздействие высокоинтенсивного пучка ионов в зоне его десфокусировки приводит к неравномерному распределению легирующей примеси по длине отверстия. Имеет место и постепенное уменьшение глубины диффузии имплантируемых атомов по мере удаления от фокуса пучка.
Mixed-mode magnetron and arc deposition of aluminum oxide films
Authors: Oskirko V.O. , Goncharenko I.M. , Semenov V.A. , Azhgikhin M.I. , Goncharenko M.I. , Solovyev A.A.
Published: November 2022

The paper is devoted to the study of the processes of mixed-mode deposition of aluminum oxide films in oxygen and argon mixture. Mixed-mode is a new pulsed thin film deposition technology that combines magnetron sputtering and arc evaporation. The transition of the magnetron discharge to the arc occurs when the discharge current reaches the threshold value, and the arc burning time is controlled by pulse length. The paper describes the experimental equipment and the principles of controlling the parameters of a combined pulse discharge. The results of measuring the ion current density on a substrate and the deposition rate of aluminum oxide films in mixed-modes at different powers of magnetron and arc discharges are presented. Stable initiation of an arc discharge in a pulsed mode with a “poisoned” cathode surface occurs at a cathode current density of 0.4–0.6 A/cm2. With the same average discharge power in mixed-mode, a higher average ion current density on a substrate, higher coating deposition rate and more intensity of plasma radiation are provided, compared with medium-frequency magnetron sputtering.
Effect of ion assistance parameters on the properties of Ir coatings
Authors: Kamenetskikh A.S. , Gavrilov N.V.
Published: November 2022

Iridium coatings were deposited on Ni substrates by magnetron sputtering with ion assistance in the plasma of a low-energy electron beam. The influence of the parameters of the ion flux on the surface of the growing coating on the microstructure, the intrinsic stresses, and the adhesion of the coating is investigated. It is shown that deposition of a coating with a dense microstructure at a low homologous temperature (~0.15) is provided under the optimal ratio of the ion current density to Ir flux ~0.5 and the ion energy ~150 eV. The coatings deposited in the optimal mode are characterized by microdistortions of the crystal lattice of ~0.9% and have a predominant crystallite orientation (111), which is a favorable factor for providing corrosion protection. A low level of intrinsic stresses (~0.5 GPa) and a high adhesion strength of the coatings (the value of the critical load at nanoindentation is more than 3000 mN) have been achieved.
Influence of parameters of the discharge with a self-heating hollow cathode and a sectional anode on the activation degree of a vapor-gas medium
Authors: Menshakov A.I. , Bryukhanova Yu.A.
Published: November 2022

The composition of a discharge plasma with a self-heating hollow cathode and a sectional anode including an evaporated titanium anode has been studied by optical emission spectroscopy. The effect of discharge parameters on the activation degree of a vapor-gas medium including argon, titanium vapor, hexamethyldisilazane vapor, as well as reactive gases nitrogen and acetylene is investigated. It is shown that by changing the discharge parameters it is possible to change the plasma composition within a wide range, in particular, the fraction and degree of ionization of Ti vapors, the dissociation degree of nitrogen and acetylene.
Получение покрытий с увеличенной удельной поверхностью на основе Zn2SnO4 методом распылительного пиролиза
Authors: Акулинкин А.А. , Болгару К.А. , Регер А.А.
Published: November 2022

В работе представлены результаты исследования покрытий на основе Zn2SnO4, полученным методом распылительного пиролиза раствора солей Zn и Sn с добавкой диспергированного порошка ZnO. Исследованы структурные и морфологические свойства покрытий и оценена их пригодность для фотокаталитической очистки воды в УФ-свете от органических загрязнителей. Показано, что несмотря на свою простоту и доступность, метод распылительного пиролиза обеспечивает формирование однородных покрытий пригодных для практического использования. Установлено, что введение 0.05% порошка ZnO в исходный раствор солей способствует значительному изменению морфологии поверхности получаемых покрытий.
Взаимодействие смеси «ферросилиций – циркон – алюминий» с азотом в процессе СВС
Authors: Крюкова О.Г.
Published: November 2022

Представлена химическая стадийность образования продуктов синтеза при СВС- азотировании смеси «40% ферросилиций – 30% азотированный ферросилиций – 30% циркон» в присутствии Al (1–10 мас.%) с использованием изотермического синтеза и дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии. Установлено, что в процессе синтеза происходит образование AlN при взаимодействии летучих субоксидов Al с азотом; Si3N4 при взаимодействии кремния с азотом, присутствующего в составе исходного сплава и образующегося в результате плавления эвтектики FeSi2-Si, и диссоциации силицидов железа; ZrN – в результате алюминотермического восстановления ZrO2 до Zr с последующим его азотированием до ZrN.
Arc plasma synthesis of IV-V groups transition metals high-entropy carbides cubic phases
Authors: Gumovskaya A.A. , Pak A.Ya. , Bolatova Zh.S. , Povalyaev P.V. , Gerasimov R.D.
Published: November 2022

The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the production of high-entropy carbides of transition metals of IV-V groups. In the course of experimental studies, three phases of high-entropy carbides ZrNbHfTaC4, VZrNbHfTaC5, TiVZrNbHfTaC6 were obtained. These materials are characterized by a cubic structure of the NaCl type, the lattice parameters correspond to the known data on these high-entropy carbides. According to the data of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis, the chemical elements are uniformly distributed in the obtained crystals of multicomponent carbides. A feature of the synthesis method used is the implementation without the use of vacuum and gas equipment.
Basic models of phase formation at the mesolevel under reactive sintering of Ti-Al-Fe2O3 powder mixture
Authors: Anisimova M. , Knyazeva A.
Published: November 2022

In this work, based on the analysis of literature data, the main physicochemical stages that can be expected under the conditions of reaction sintering of the Ti-Al-Fe2O3system are established. Particular physical models of phase formation are analyzed under various temperature conditions, which can take place in local volumes of a heterogeneous mixture. As a reactive diffusion model example, a variant of the model for the interaction of titanium particles with an aluminum melt is presented.
Синтез однофазных силицидов ниобия NbSi2 и Nb5Si3
Authors: Саламатов В.Г. , Лепакова O.K. , Шкода O.A. , Щукин A.С. , Ковалев И.Д.
Published: November 2022

Представлен способ получения однофазного продукта для порошковой низкоэнергетической смеси Nb–Si. Порошковые смеси, приготовленные на стехиометрические составы NbSi2 и Nb5Si3, помещали в специальный реактор по типу химической печи. В качестве теплового донора использовали порошковую смесь Ti + 26.03 вес.% Si. Исследования синтезированных продуктов методами рентгенофазового и локального микроанализов подтвердили образование однофазных продуктов – NbSi2 и Nb5Si3.
Properties of ultrananocrystalline diamond grown under different deposition conditions
Authors: Gaydaychuk A. , Linnik S. , Mitulinsky A. , Zenkin S.
Published: November 2022

The influence of CH4 and N2 concentration in CH4/H2/N2gas mixture on microstructure and mechanical properties of diamond films is investigated. Nitrogen addition to the gas mixture up to 18.5 vol. % does not significantly affect the structure of the coating. In the entire range of gas concentrations, coating structure is represented by a set of dendrites consisting of diamond crystallites of various sizes, as well as non-diamond carbon. It is shown that CH4 has a greater effect on the coating hardness and Young's modulus. Besides, it has been found that nitrogen-doped diamond coatings have a higher level of tensile residual stress. With a decrease in coating thickness or nitrogen concentration in the gas mixture, this difference decreases.
Электролюминесценция в алмазе
Authors: Бородулин З.И. , Шулепов М.А.
Published: November 2022

В работе представлены результаты исследования электролюминесценции в алмазе при комнатной температуре и приложенном напряжении ~20 В. Для выяснения состава примесей были проведены эксперименты по определению примесно-дефектного состава спектроскопическими методами. Было выявлено, что центры окраски, отвечающие за люминесценцию локализованы в ребрах кристалла и вблизи углублений, нанесенных на одну из граней. Электролюминесценция наблюдается в диапазоне 400–650 нм, с максимальной интенсивностью при 500–514 нм.
Electron-hole trapping centers in uv-irradiated Na2SO4-Mnand K2SO4-Mn
Authors: Nurakhmetov T.N. , Zhunusbekov A.M. , Kainarbay A.Zh. , Daurenbekov D.H. , Tolekov D.A. , Sadykova B.M. , Zhangylyssov K.B. , Alibay T.T. , Shamiyeva R.K. , Aqzhalbekova A.E.
Published: November 2022

The nature of electron-hole trapping centers in Na2SO4-Mn and K2SO4-Mnferroelectric crystals was studied by spectroscopic methods. It is shown that several types of impurity electron-hole trapping centers are created in such crystals under electrons and holes are localized at brokenlattice sites near the Mn2+ impurity.
Ensuring radiation safety of medical examinations using thermoluminescent dosimetry
Authors: Aluker N. , Artamonov А.
Published: November 2022

The paper proposes the use of TLD-K thermoluminescent detectors for measuring absorbed doses at the entrance and exit radiation sites of the patient's body during medical diagnostic examinations. The proposed technique is used in dosimetric control of patients during diagnostic examinations and medical personnel working under X-ray control. The use of small-scale thermoluminescent detectors with cover layers of different thicknesses makes it possible to study the topography of dose distribution both in terms of propagation depth and body area.
Extraction into the atmosphere of a focused beam with an energy of 2.5 MeV
Authors: Domarov E.V. , Vorobev D.S. , Golkovsky M.G. , Golubenko Y.I. , Korchagin A.I. , Kuksanov N.K. , Salimov R.A. , Fadeev S.N. , Cherepkov V.G. , Chakin I.K. , Zhang C.
Published: November 2022

This article deals the factors affecting the diameter and angle of divergence of the electron beam at the exit from the accelerator tube of an industrial ELV series accelerator. Measurements of the parameters of a high-power electron beam were carried out up to a power of 100 kW. On the basis of the data obtained, a new type of gas-dynamic extraction device was developed and preliminary tested, which makes it possible to effectively extract a focused electron beam into the atmosphere in the energy range from 1.4 to 2.5 MeV and a beam current of 30 mA.
Development of photoinjector in IAP RAS
Authors: Afanasiev A.V. , Bandurkin I.V. , Gorbachev A.M. , Mineev K.V. , Peskov N.Yu. , Savilov A.V. , Vikharev A.A.
Published: November 2022

A photoinjector electron accelerator is being developed at the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in which it is planned to implement sequential acceleration of particles up to energies of about 20 MeV. The first section of the complex, designed for an output particle energy of 3.5 MeV, can be used for experimental study of promising regimes of terahertz radiation from short electron bunches. After additional acceleration in the second section, bunches with small transverse emittance and velocity spread can be injected into a plasma accelerator cell to further increase their average energy to the GeV level and to use them as an active medium in an X-ray FEL. In addition, work is underway to study photocathodes based on diamond films.
Auxiliary discharge of a wide aperture electron accelerator based on ion-electron emission
Authors: Grishkov A.A. , Vorobyov M.S. , Doroshkevich S.Yu. , Shklyaev V.A.
Published: November 2022

In this work, the region of the auxiliary discharge of an electron accelerator based on a non-self-sustained high-voltage glow discharge is investigated. The paper presents the analytical approach and the results of test modeling of a glow discharge, which plays the role of an auxiliary discharge for plasma generation with subsequent extraction of ions from it into the main high-voltage gap. In this glow discharge, the anode is two tungsten wires, and the cathode is the inner walls of the chamber. In the model, these regions are considered as separate independent nodes, which are connected by a layer of conducting plasma that matches the boundary conditions. A model based on the representation of an auxiliary glow discharge in the form of matched electron and ion diodes makes it possible to estimate the range of possible voltages for each of the near-electrode layers and to determine the plasma potential.
Simulation of a wide-aperture electron accelerator based on ion-electron emission in repetitively pulsed mode
Authors: Grishkov A.A. , Vorobyov M.S. , Doroshkevich S.Yu. , Shklyaev V.A.
Published: November 2022

The paper proposes numerical and analytical approaches to modeling the generation of an electron beam in a repetitively pulsed regime of a wide-aperture electron accelerator based on secondary ion-electron emission with a plasma emitter. With the help of known codes and the developed approach, separate modes are simulated. Qualitatively, the obtained experimental results are qualitatively explained, which are in good agreement with the developed approach to modeling.
Leakage of current from MITL with ceramic coating cathode
Authors: Oleinik G.M. , Aleksandrov V.V. , Branitskii A.V. , Frolov I.N. , Grabovskii E.V. , Predkova E.I. , Reshetnjak O.B. , Tkachenko S.I.
Published: November 2022

At the Angara-5-1 installation the experiments were carried out to study the processes occurring during the passage of current in a vacuum transporting line in which the cathode was protected by a ceramic coating. The linear current density was about 1–2 MA/cm; the time of the current rise to the maximum was ~100 ns. It is shown that in the case of coating the MITL cathode with ceramics, not all the current entering the MITL reaches its end.
High-power terahertz Cherenkov radiation in oversized slow-wave structure
Authors: Chazov V. , Deichuly M. , Koshelev V. , Petkun A.
Published: November 2022

The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of the interaction of a relativistic electron beam and an electromagnetic field in an oversized slow-wave structure near π-type oscillations of the TM01 mode in the terahertz (>300 GHz) frequency range. The calculations used the developed 2.5D hybrid electromagnetic model. A tubular electron beam with a current of 5 kA and energy of 400–490 keV was injected into a 40-mm diameter slow-wave structure. In the calculations, radiation with a power of 250 MW was obtained.
Terahertz free electron laser with an electrodynamic system based on the excitation of Talbot-type supermode
Authors: Oparina Yu.S. , Peskov N.Yu. , Savilov A.V.
Published: November 2022

In this work we describe the concept of an electron maser based on the excitation of the single supermode formed by a ﬁxed set of transverse eigenmodes is proposed. The high-Q supermode is proposed as an operating mode. This mode is formed inside a simple cavity by a set of its eigenmodes. The supermode is high-Q due to the Talbot eﬀect, namely, periodic reproduction of the transverse structure of a multimode wave ﬁeld in an oversized waveguide. Two mirrors at the input and output of the waveguide provide the mode localization inside the cavity.
Microwave generators with passive mode-locking
Authors: Ginzburg N.S. , Samsonov S.V. , Denisov G.G. , Vilkov M.N. , Zotova I.V. , Bogdashov A.A. , Gachev I.G. , Sergeev A.S. , Rozental R.M. , Danilov Yu.Yu , Ilyakov E.V. , Kulagin I.S.
Published: November 2022

We present the results of experiments on the generation of periodical trains of subnanosecond Ka-band pulses in the electron generator, which is based on passive mode locking. The experimental scheme includes a helical-waveguide gyro-TWT and a saturable absorber which is based on cyclotron resonance interaction with an initially rectilinear electron beam. Saturation of absorption is caused by relativistic dependence of the gyrofrequency on electrons energy. In good agreement with theoretical predictions, periodical trains of 0.4 ns pulses with peak power of 100 kW and repetition period of 2.5 ns were measured. In addition, we describe an alternate scheme of the pulse generator with passive mode-locking which feature using of two parallel electron beams formed by a single cathode and transported in common vacuumized interaction space that should simplify the practical implementation.
Transverse radiation input and output for planar relativistic surface-wave oscillators and amplifiers
Authors: Fedotov A.E. , Malkin A.M. , Zaslavsky V.Yu. , Sergeev A.S. , Ginzburg N.S.
Published: November 2022

Planar surface-wave resonators are very attractive for development of relativistic high-current sources of high-power subterahertz radiation, due to their unique mode selective features. However, evanescent nature of the surface operating wave guided by periodic grating brings a number of difficulties such as wave scattering at the grating edges, power leakage to the cathode, and high ohmic losses. To overcome these problems, we propose using a bi-periodical gratings providing decoupling of the surface wave to the Gaussian microwave beam traveling in the transverse direction. Moreover, the same principle can be used for power input in the relativistic extended-interaction klystron with surface-wave resonators. An analytical quasi-optical theory based on coupled-wave equations are developed for surface-wave resonators with transverse power input-output, as well for planar beam devices based on these resonators. It is shown that the transverse energy extraction significantly reduces the Ohmic losses down to 10% of the radiated power which is essential for sub-THz range. The simulations based on both the quasi-optical model and PIC simulations show that surface-wave oscillator driven by 600 kV, 1 kA could produce 140 MW of output power at 150 GHz with 25% efficiency. For 150 GHz amplifier with the similar beam, simulations predict the 20–40 MW of output power and 20–30 dB linear gain in 1% bandwidth.
High-gradient acceleration of electron beam by superradiative microwave pulse
Authors: Sharypov K.A. , Ginzburg N.S. , Shpak V.G. , Shunailov S.A. , Yalandin M.I. , Zotova I.V.
Published: November 2022

For high-gradient acceleration of electron bunches by microwave superradiance pulses, a scheme is considered in which devices for the radiation generation and particle acceleration are combined. Two electron beams from coaxial cathodes powered by a single voltage pulse (–300 kV; 1.5 ns) are used. Outer tubular beam excites a relativistic superradiant Ka-band backward-wave oscillator (BWO), and paraxial beam is accelerated in a “pill-box” cavity positioned at the input of the BWO slow-wave structure. Formation of such beams is studied with the use a model cathode system. In calculations by particles-in-cells method, the rate of electron acceleration of up to 400 MeV/m was obtained and the role of nonsynchronous microwaves-to-bunches interaction was shown.
Non-equilibrium plasma of pulsed corona discharge for the purpose of air purification from typical ventilation exhausts of polymer production
Authors: Filatov I. , Uvarin V. , Kuznetsov D.
Published: November 2022

The paper presents the results of a study of the impact of pulsed corona discharge plasma on air containing volatile products of polymer pyrolysis. The following materials were chosen as objects of study: rubber, polypropylene and ABS plastic. Polymeric materials were subjected to pyrolysis at a temperature of 550–650 °C. Analysis of the products was carried out by GC/MS method. These are aliphatic and aromatic unsaturated compounds of various structures, including monomers. Components with increased volatility (b.p. < 160 °C) can pollute the air, so they were studied in detail. For the research, a pulsed corona discharge was used with the following parameters: pulse duration 40 ns, pulse repetition rate 10 Hz, voltage 100 kV, current – up to 100 A. The relative reactivity of the components was estimated using the method of competing reactions. It is shown that the method more effectively removes unsaturated and saturated aliphatic compounds whereas aromatic compounds eliminate less effectively. It is shown that high reactivity of unsaturated compounds is due to their interaction with ozone. The found dependencies will be useful in the development of new energy-efficient air purification technologies for the tasks of primary and secondary processing of plastics.
Оптимизация передачи энергии из LC-контура в кинетическую энергию металлической токонесущей пластины
Authors: Козырев А.В. , Жерлицын А.А.
Published: November 2022

Выполнен анализ эффективности передачи энергии емкостного накопителя в кинетическую энергию токонесущей пластины (плоского лайнера). Анализ проводился в рамках математической модели из двух уравнений: уравнения для тока LC-контура и уравнения одномерного движения лайнера. Показано, что при фиксированной финальной индуктивности лайнера эффективность передачи энергии зависит от единственного безразмерного параметра, пропорционального начальному заряду емкостного накопителя, и имеет единственное оптимальное значение.
Методика калибровки стрик-спектрометра в условиях работы импульсного генератора МИГ
Authors: Жигалин А. , Русских A. , Ванькевич В. , Орешкин В.
Published: November 2022

В статье описан метод спектрально-временной калибровки спектрометра Hamamatsu C10910 выполненной перед экспериментами на импульсном генераторе МИГ. Описаны конструкция и принцип работы водородной импульсной лампы, специально предназначенной для спектральной и временной калибровки. Представлены оптические схемы регистрации спектра водородной лампы-вспышки и электрические схемы синхронизации стрик-камеры с импульсным генератором МИГ.
Production of iron oxide nanopowders by radiation-chemical method
Authors: Balezin M.E. , Sokovnin S.Yu.
Published: November 2022

Were continued the studies of nanopowders (NP) of iron oxide produced by radiation-chemical method at irradiation of iron sulfate solutions in water and iron nitrate in isopropyl alcohol on electron accelerator URT-0,5. With an increase in the concentration of iron sulfate in the solution, the specific surface area of the NP decreases, and the yield increases. For iron nitrate, with an increase in its concentration in solution, both the yield of NP and the specific surface area grow under irradiation under the same conditions (absorbed dose of 2.3 MGy at an accelerator frequency of 10 Hz). Since the particles produced from the iron nitrate solutions are amorphous, they were annealed, followed by X-ray phase analysis. It has been found that these are hematite, Fe2O3particles (unlike maghemite C, γ- Fe21.33O32particles from iron sulfate). The specific surface area of the particles increases with the annealing temperature (from 2.4 nm at 400°C to >> 200 nm at 1200°C). The produced NPs can be used to create promising upconversion materials for medicine based on them.
Investigation of wires layout in exploding wire array
Authors: Anishchenko S. , Gurinovich A. , Gurnevich E. , Leonenko D. , Rouba A.
Published: November 2022

Results of experimental investigation of wires layout in exploding wire array are presented. Straight and zigzag layouts are considered. Zigzag layout can be used to minimize the wire array length. Zigzag layout requires additional insulation to prevent array breakdown – pressurized SF6was used. Requirements for SF6 pressure and distance between wires for zigzag layout were obtained. Influence of wire damage caused by extra tension applied to wires during installation on exploding wire array operation is considered.
High-voltage pulse sharpening using corrugated NLTLs with ferrites
Authors: Sobyanin R. , Priputnev P. , Romanchenko I. , Maltsev S.
Published: November 2022

This article presents a method for reducing the duration of the leading edge of a high-voltage pulse. A model of a 20 Ohm coaxial transmission line with a corrugated inner conductor and ferrite rings was developed using the KARAT code. The conductor itself consists of four parts with different sizes, each of which is designed for different frequencies of excitation of damped oscillations. This made it possible to provide a subnanosecond rise time of the pulse of hundreds of kV at the output of the sharpening system.
Импульсные генераторы для накачки азотных лазеров низкого давления на частотах повторения импульсов до 10 кГц
Authors: Козлов Б.А. , Логин И.В.
Published: November 2022

Сообщается о создании высоковольтных импульсных генераторов для накачки азотных лазеров низкого давления на основе импульсных трансформаторов. Генераторы обеспечивают формирование импульсов напряжения амплитудой до 100 кВ с длительностью переднего фронта менее 70 наносекунд на частотах повторения импульсов до 10 кГц. Изучено влияние многозазорных искровых разрядников типа Р-30М1 на эффективность ввода энергии в разрядный промежуток на стадии пробоя.
Modeling of plasma dynamics parameters of magnetoplasma compressor
Authors: Batrak N.V. , Kopaleishvili N.G.
Published: November 2022

The prospect of magnetoplasma compressor (MPC) due to their technical and geometrical characteristics are discussed, the formulation of ways to improve their parameters is obtained. Thermal modeling of radiation-magneto plasma dynamic processes of powerful electric discharge sources is presented. The developed mathematical model is based on a nonstationary axisymmetric two dimensional system of equations for viscous one-temperature radiation plasma dynamics. This paper presents results of the numerical calculation.
Computer simulation of multi-gigawatt magnetic compression lines
Authors: Patrakov V. , Rukin S.
Published: November 2022

Magnetic compression lines (MCL) are novel solid-state devices for multi-gigawatt sub-nanosecond and picosecond pulse amplification. Their operation is based on the interaction of magnetic field created by a powerful nanosecond or sub-nanosecond pulse with the magnetization vector in a ferrite medium. In this study a numerical model of an MCL was created, based on Maxwell’s equations and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for magnetization dynamics. The equation system is solved using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. The model shows good agreement with the experimental data. Using the created model, the process of power amplification in MCL was analyzed in terms of magnetic field and magnetization vectors. Based on this analysis, the mechanism of unipolar pulse amplification has been proposed.
Модель электронной эмиссии из границы взрывоэмиссионной плазмы
Authors: Мамонтов Ю.И. , Уйманов И.В.
Published: November 2022

Разработана самосогласованная 1D-3V (1 координата – 3 скорости) модель на основе метода «частица-в-ячейке» для исследования динамики электронов, эмитируемых расширяющимся полусферическим фронтом взрывоэмиссионной плазмы. Модель описывает процесс формирования виртуального катода в непосредственной близости от фронта плазмы в зависимости от плотности плазмы, ее температуры и напряжения между границей плазмы и внешней границей расчетной области. Напряжение варьировалось от 0 В до 1000 В. Радиус плазменного образования rc рассматривался в диапазоне 10 мкм – 1 см. Плотность плазмы при этом изменялась в пределах 1015 см-3 – 1021 см-3, то есть предполагалось, что плотность плазмы вблизи эмитирующей границы уменьшается как rc-2. Распределение электронов по начальным скоростям описывалось максвелловской функцией распределения. Температура плазмы рассматривалась в диапазоне 1 эВ – 3 эВ. Получены зависимости плотности тока электронов на внешней границе расчетной области от приложенного напряжения и параметров плазмы. Рассчитаны параметры виртуального катода для различных условий. Определены границы применимости модели, обусловленные проникновением электрического поля в плазму.
Past, present and development possibility of cardiooncology
Authors: Федорец Виктор Николаевич , Вершинина София Фатхутдиновна , Вологдина Ирина Владиславовна , Жабина Разифа Мидхатовна , Красильникова Лариса Анатольевна , Овчинников Игорь Владимирович , Василенко Владимир Станиславович
Published: November 2022

Материал посвящен новому междисциплинарному направлению «Кардиоонкология». Пациенты с онкологическими заболеваниями имеют повышенный риск развития сердечно -сосудистых осложнений, связанных с проводимой противоопухолевой терапией. В статье описаны исторические этапы применения противоопухолевого лечения, сопровождающегося возможным эффектом кардиотоксичности, представлено современное состояние проблемы и рассмотрены перспективы дальнейшего развития. Приведены данные российских и зарубежных исследований в этой области.

The material is devoted to a new interdisciplinary direction “Cardioncology”. Patients with oncological diseases have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular complications associated with antitumor therapy. The article describes the historical stages of the use of antitumor treatment leading to the development of cardiotoxicity, presents the current state of the problem and considers the prospects for further development. The data of russian and foreign studies in this area are presented.
Pengembangan Manajemen Keamanan Informasi Database Dan Aplikasi Dengan Optimasi Keamanan Website
Authors: Willy Andrian  , Dedy Prasetya Kristiadi
Published: November 2022

Sistem Informasi yang taerdapat pada perusahaan memiliki pengaruh besar dalam kemajuan perusahaan maupun instansi lainnya. Sistem informasi ini berkontribusi sebagai supplier sekaligus pengolah yang menghasilkan keluaran berupa data penting sebagai bahan kajian maupun analisis yang terusdiproses untuk menghasilkan sesuatu yang berkualitas. Misalnya,informasi penjualan,produksi dan bahan yang berpengaruh terhadap keberlangsungan hidup perusahaan. Oleh karna itu, keamanan informasi Virtual Private Server atau VPS pada database dan aplikasi penting perusahaan yang berisi data dan aplikasi untuk customer atauclient menjadi sangat penting untuk dipelajari dan selalu dikembangkan agar system informasi tetap terjamin. Model penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dimana aplikasi SQLMap dan Shell.php digunakan sebagai alat untuk pencobaan penetrasi website yang selanjutnya akan diteruskan sampai pembobolan VPS Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis celah sekuritasVPS dan website yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh para pembobol atau hacker untuk melakukan tindakan yang bersifat merusak atau tindak pencurian data. Penelitian ini diawali dengan analisis yang akan digunakan sebagai acuan atau parameter dalam pengamanan server oleh developer maupun security tester. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah identifikasi permasalahan utama yang menjadi kendala perusahaan dalam mengamankan website dan VPS, celah keamanan yang teridentifikasi, langkah-langkah pengamanan serta dampak yang ada oleh karena pengamanan dan tanpa pengamanan
Using Controllers to Adapt Messaging Systems: An Initial Experience
Authors: Rosa Nelson S. , Cavalcanti David J. M.
Published: November 2022

Adaptive middleware systems have been designed for various computing environments, including wireless sensor networks, IoT and cloud computing. Whatever the environment, however, the adaptation logic of these middleware systems rarely adopts control theory concepts. To shed some light on this topic, this paper presents the steps to using control theory in implementing an adaptive mechanism for a popular middleware model: message-oriented middleware, also known as messaging systems. These steps have been employed in a widely adopted open-source messaging system named RabbitMQ. This paper’s contributions are on how to employ control theory step-by-step in messaging systems, along with some initial results on using P, PI and PID controllers.
Epidemiological Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Population Covered by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Iran from 2011 to 2021
Authors: Hatami Hossein , Ramezankhani Ali , Hasannezhad Elham , Souri Alireza
Published: November 2022

Background: The World Health Organization has identified leishmaniosis as one of the eight major tropical parasitic diseases in the world. Every year, from 0.7 million to 1.3 million new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are registered in the world. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is still a great health problem in Iran. Of the total annual cases of leishmaniasis in Iran, about 80% are related to rural cutaneous leishmaniasis, 5% to visceral leishmaniasis and the rest are related to urban cutaneous leishmaniasis. this study aimed to investigate the epidemiological factors in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Methods: A total of 2119 patients afflicted with cutaneous leishmaniosis due to skin lesions were examined. The data were analyzed after entering the data into SPSS software, vol 26. Tables and graphs were used for displaying the qualitative variables; central indicators and dispersion were used for indicating quantitative variables, and chi-square test was used for analyzing the data. The level of P ≤ 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: The mean age of 2119 patients was 28.32 ± 20.38 years. Furthermore, 65.2% of male patients and 34.8% of female ones were infected with the disease. As for the nationality of the patients, 81.8% of them were Iranians and 18.1% of them were Afghans, and 88.9% of them had a history of traveling to other areas. More than 51% of the cases occurred in the young age group, the age group of 21 to 30 years had the highest incidence (18.4%), and the incidence trend of the disease did not decrease. There was a statistically significant relationship between patients’ nationality and travel history, gender, and occupation (P = 0.0001). There was no statistically significant relationship between the incidence season and travel history (P = 0.221). Conclusions: Due to the patients’ travel to endemic areas, providing them with training on effective methods for preventing mosquito bites may have had a great impact on reducing the incidences of cutaneous leishmaniosis in travelers.
Cultural Barriers in Women Empowerment in the Rural Areas of Faisalabad
Authors: Razia Razia , Qayyum Aminah , Bashir Zahid
Published: November 2022

The ability of women to participate in sociocultural, economic, and political life is crucial for their ability to maintain their homes, grow as individuals, and support their economies. The purpose of this study was to examine cultural constraints on women’s empowerment in rural Faisalabad district. This study used questionnaire to gather data from the targeted population including the women of various status in Faisalabad district. It was discovered that Pakistani society is thought to be a male-dominated society, as a result, men, especially in rural regions, adopt unacceptable behavior towards their wives. The study recommends educating the public, specifically men, about the importance of granting equal rights to women through official and informal instruction beginning in infancy phases.
Is the Importance of Market Orientation Growing? A Study of High-Tech Manufacturing Companies
Authors:   Poznań University of Economics and Business, Poland, Soniewicki Marcin
Published: November 2022

Purpose: The article analyzes the market-orientation level and its impact on high-tech manufacturing companies’ competitiveness at two points in time. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis is based on data from two surveys from 2011 and 2019, conducted with the same questionnaire, in Poland, a state that has experienced many changes after 1989 and after joining the European Union in 2004. Findings: The results indicated that during the eight years between the surveys, the importance of high-tech companies’ market orientation grew considerably. Moreover, in 2011 the level of market orientation explained over 11% of the variance in the competitiveness of high-tech manufacturing companies, while in the 2019 survey, it explained over 22% of the variance. Moreover, nearly all highly competitive high-tech manufacturing companies analyzed in the study also revealed high levels of market orientation. Research limitations: The main limitation of the study is the fact that the findings refer to Polish manufacturing high-tech companies, so any generalizations to other regions or industries should be treated with caution. Research implications: Managers of high-tech companies should develop and maintain the highest possible level of market orientation. However, a high level of market orientation does not automatically guarantee high competitiveness. Originality: This study is the first to empirically test the influence of market orientation on high-tech companies’ competitiveness level in the “new EU countries” at two points in time.
Trends and biases in African large carnivore population assessments: identifying priorities and opportunities from a systematic review of two decades of research
Authors: Strampelli Paolo , Campbell Liz AD , Henschel Philipp , Nicholson Samantha K. , Macdonald David W. , Dickman Amy J.
Published: November 2022

African large carnivores have undergone significant range and population declines over recent decades. Although conservation planning and the management of threatened species requires accurate assessments of population status and monitoring of trends, there is evidence that biodiversity monitoring may not be evenly distributed or occurring where most needed. Here, we provide the first systematic review of African large carnivore population assessments published over the last two decades (2000–2020), to investigate trends in research effort and identify knowledge gaps. We used generalised linear models (GLMs) and generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs) to identify taxonomic and geographical biases, and investigated biases associated with land use type and author nationality. Research effort was significantly biased towards lion (Panthera leo) and against striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena), despite the latter being the species with the widest continental range. African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) also exhibited a negative bias in research attention, although this was partly explained by its relatively restricted distribution. The number of country assessments for a species was significantly positively associated with its geographic range in that country. Population assessments were biased towards southern and eastern Africa, particularly South Africa and Kenya. Northern, western, and central Africa were generally under-represented. Most studies were carried out in photographic tourism protected areas under government management, while non-protected and trophy hunting areas received less attention. Outside South Africa, almost half of studies (41%) did not include authors from the study country, suggesting that significant opportunities exist for capacity building in range states. Overall, large parts of Africa remain under-represented in the literature, and opportunities exist for further research on most species and in most countries. We develop recommendations for actions aimed at overcoming the identified biases and provide researchers, practitioners, and policymakers with priorities to help inform future research and monitoring agendas.