bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved quality of life and pain relief in mature horses with osteoarthritis after oral transmucosal cannabidiol oil administration as part of an analgesic regimen
Authors: Interlandi Claudia , Tabbì Marco , Di Pietro Simona , D’Angelo Fabiola , Costa Giovanna L. , Arfuso Francesca , Giudice Elisabetta , Licata Patrizia , Macrì Daniele , Crupi Rosalia , Gugliandolo Enrico
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral cannabidiol (CBD) administration in addition to a conventional analgesic protocol on the clinical signs of 20 horses with mild joint osteoarthritis. The horses were randomly assigned to either the control group (C group) or the cannabidiol group (CBD group). Both groups were treated with phenylbutazone for 5 days. The CBD group received 0.03 mg/kg cannabidiol in hemp oil orally once daily for 14 days in addition to phenylbutazone treatment. All subjects were monitored for clinical parameters, oxidative status and blood counts. Pain and quality of life were also assessed using the Horse Chronic Pain Scale (HCPS). The CBD group showed a significant reduction in heart rate, respiratory rate, white blood cell count and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde lipid peroxidation). A significant reduction in HCPS scores was seen in both groups. Lower scores were recorded in the CBD group (3 med; range: 2/4) than in the C group (7 med; range: 4/10). The addition of a cannabidiol-based product to an analgesic protocol was well tolerated and showed positive effects on the treated subjects, improving their quality of life and pain relief.
In-house three-dimensional printing for surgical planning: learning curve from a case series of temporomandibular joint and related disorders
Authors: Godinho Miguel R. , Mestrinho Lisa A.
Published: February 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) printed models can improve the understanding of the structural anatomic changes in cases of temporomandibular joint ankylosis and pseudoankylosis leading to closed jaw locking. Their use in pre-surgical planning and intraoperative guidance has been reported, contributing to the predictability and success of these surgery procedures, which can be quite complex, especially in small animal patients. The use and production of 3D tools and models remain challenging and are so far limited to institutions with high (economical and human) resources. This study aims to propose simplified workflows using open-source software to facilitate an in-house 3D printing process. To illustrate this, three cases of temporomandibular joint ankylosis and one of pseudoankylosis were reviewed, where in-house 3D printed models were used for client communication and surgical management. The 3D models were segmented from computed tomography and printed via stereolithography. They were used to support discussion with clients (n = 4), to allow surgeons to pre-surgical plan and practice (n = 4) and for intraoperative guidance during surgery (n = 2). Surgical cutting guides were produced in one case to improve precision and define more accurately osteotomy lines. It is essential to consider the initial time and financial investment required for establishing an in-house 3D printing production, particularly when there is a need to produce biocompatible tools, such as surgical cutting guides. However, efficient and streamlined workflows encourage the integration of this technology, by accelerating the printing process and reducing the steep learning curves, while open-source software enhances accessibility to these resources.
Outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa High-Risk Clone ST309 Serotype O11 Featuring blaPER-1 and qnrVC6
Authors: Papa-Ezdra Romina , Outeda Matilde , Cordeiro Nicolás F. , Araújo Lucía , Gadea Pilar , Garcia-Fulgueiras Virginia , Seija Verónica , Bado Inés , Vignoli Rafael
Published: February 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. Biofilm production, antibiotic resistance, and a wide range of virulence factors contribute to their persistence in nosocomial environments. We describe an outbreak caused by a multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strain in an ICU. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined and blaPER-1 and qnrVC were amplified via PCR. Clonality was determined using PFGE and biofilm formation was studied with a static model. A combination of antibiotics was assessed on both planktonic cells and biofilms. WGS was performed on five isolates. All isolates were clonally related, resistant to ceftazidime, cefepime, amikacin, and ceftolozane-tazobactam, and harbored blaPER-1; 11/19 possessed qnrVC. Meropenem and ciprofloxacin reduced the biofilm biomass; however, the response to antibiotic combinations with rifampicin was different between planktonic cells and biofilms. WGS revealed that the isolates belonged to ST309 and serotype O11. blaPER-1 and qnrVC6 were associated with a tandem of ISCR1 as part of a complex class one integron, with aac(6′)-Il and ltrA as gene cassettes. The structure was associated upstream and downstream with Tn4662 and flanked by direct repeats, suggesting its horizontal mobilization capability as a composite transposon. ST309 is considered an emerging high-risk clone that should be monitored in the Americas.
A Model for Enhancing Unstructured Big Data Warehouse Execution Time
Authors: Farhan Marwa Salah , Youssef Amira , Abdelhamid Laila
Published: February 2024

Traditional data warehouses (DWs) have played a key role in business intelligence and decision support systems. However, the rapid growth of the data generated by the current applications requires new data warehousing systems. In big data, it is important to adapt the existing warehouse systems to overcome new issues and limitations. The main drawbacks of traditional Extract–Transform–Load (ETL) are that a huge amount of data cannot be processed over ETL and that the execution time is very high when the data are unstructured. This paper focuses on a new model consisting of four layers: Extract–Clean–Load–Transform (ECLT), designed for processing unstructured big data, with specific emphasis on text. The model aims to reduce execution time through experimental procedures. ECLT is applied and tested using Spark, which is a framework employed in Python. Finally, this paper compares the execution time of ECLT with different models by applying two datasets. Experimental results showed that for a data size of 1 TB, the execution time of ECLT is 41.8 s. When the data size increases to 1 million articles, the execution time is 119.6 s. These findings demonstrate that ECLT outperforms ETL, ELT, DELT, ELTL, and ELTA in terms of execution time.
Fabrication Method for Shape-Controlled 3D Tissue Using High-Porosity Porous Structure
Authors: Ueno Hidetaka , Yamamura Shohei
Published: February 2024

Shape-controlled 3D tissues resemble natural living tissues in human and animal bodies and are essential materials for developing and improving technologies in regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and biological robotics. In previous studies, shape-controlled 3D tissues were fabricated using scaffold structures or 3D bioprinting techniques. However, controlling the shape of 3D tissues without leaving non-natural materials inside the 3D tissue and efficiently fabricating them remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel method for fabricating shape-controlled 3D tissues free of non-natural materials using a flexible high-porosity porous structure (HPPS). The HPPS consisted of a micromesh with pore sizes of 14.87 ± 1.83 μm, lattice widths of 2.24 ± 0.10 μm, thicknesses of 9.96 ± 0.92 μm, porosity of 69.06 ± 3.30%, and an I-shaped microchamber of depth 555.26 ± 11.17 μm. U-87 human glioma cells were cultured in an I-shaped HPPS microchamber for 48 h. After cultivation, the 3D tissue was released within a few seconds while maintaining its I-shape. Specific chemicals, such as proteolytic enzymes, were not used. Moreover, the viability of the released cells composed of shape-controlled 3D tissues free of non-natural materials was above 90%. Therefore, the proposed fabrication method is recommended for shape-controlled 3D tissues free of non-natural materials without applying significant stresses to the cells.
Full-Field Strain Measurements of the Muscle-Tendon Junction Using X-ray Computed Tomography and Digital Volume Correlation
Authors: Iwasaki Nodoka , Karali Aikaterina , Roldo Marta , Blunn Gordon
Published: February 2024

We report, for the first time, the full-field 3D strain distribution of the muscle-tendon junction (MTJ). Understanding the strain distribution at the junction is crucial for the treatment of injuries and to predict tear formation at this location. Three-dimensional full-field strain distribution of mouse MTJ was measured using X-ray computer tomography (XCT) combined with digital volume correlation (DVC) with the aim of understanding the mechanical behavior of the junction under tensile loading. The interface between the Achilles tendon and the gastrocnemius muscle was harvested from adult mice and stained using 1% phosphotungstic acid in 70% ethanol. In situ XCT combined with DVC was used to image and compute strain distribution at the MTJ under a tensile load (2.4 N). High strain measuring 120,000 µε, 160,000 µε, and 120,000 µε for the first principal stain (εp1), shear strain (γ), and von Mises strain (εVM), respectively, was measured at the MTJ and these values reduced into the body of the muscle or into the tendon. Strain is concentrated at the MTJ, which is at risk of being damaged in activities associated with excessive physical activity.
HB-EGF Plasmatic Level Contributes to the Development of Early Risk Prediction Nomogram for Severe COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Moatar Alexandra Ioana , Chis Aimee Rodica , Nitusca Diana , Oancea Cristian , Marian Catalin , Sirbu Ioan-Ovidiu
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-like Growth Factor (HB-EGF) is involved in wound healing, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart development processes. Recently, circulant HB-EGF was reported upregulated in severely hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, the clinical correlations of HB-EGF plasma levels with COVID-19 patients’ characteristics have not been defined yet. In this study, we assessed the plasma HB-EGF correlations with the clinical and paraclinical patients’ data, evaluated its predictive clinical value, and built a risk prediction model for severe COVID-19 cases based on the resulting significant prognostic markers. (2) Methods: Our retrospective study enrolled 75 COVID-19 patients and 17 control cases from May 2020 to September 2020. We quantified plasma HB-EGF levels using the sandwich ELISA technique. Correlations between HB-EGF plasma levels with clinical and paraclinical patients’ data were calculated using two-tailed Spearman and Point-Biserial tests. Significantly upregulated parameters for severe COVID-19 cases were identified and selected to build a multivariate logistic regression prediction model. The clinical significance of the prediction model was assessed by risk prediction nomogram and decision curve analyses. (3) Results: HB-EGF plasma levels were significantly higher in the severe COVID-19 subgroup compared to the controls (p = 0.004) and moderate cases (p = 0.037). In the severe COVID-19 group, HB-EGF correlated with age (p = 0.028), pulse (p = 0.016), dyspnea (p = 0.014) and prothrombin time (PT) (p = 0.04). The multivariate risk prediction model built on seven identified risk parameters (age p = 0.043, HB-EGF p = 0.0374, Fibrinogen p = 0.009, PT p = 0.008, Creatinine p = 0.026, D-Dimers p = 0.024 and delta miR-195 p < 0.0001) identifies severe COVID-19 with AUC = 0.9556 (p < 0.0001). The decision curve analysis revealed that the nomogram model is clinically relevant throughout a wide threshold probability range. (4) Conclusions: Upregulated HB-EGF plasma levels might serve as a prognostic factor for severe COVID-19 and help build a reliable risk prediction nomogram that improves the identification of high-risk patients at an early stage of COVID-19.
Current Photodynamic Therapy for Glioma Treatment: An Update
Authors: Aebisher David , Przygórzewska Agnieszka , Myśliwiec Angelika , Dynarowicz Klaudia , Krupka-Olek Magdalena , Bożek Andrzej , Kawczyk-Krupka Aleksandra , Bartusik-Aebisher Dorota
Published: February 2024

Research on the development of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of brain tumors has shown promise in the treatment of this highly aggressive form of brain cancer. Analysis of both in vivo studies and clinical studies shows that photodynamic therapy can provide significant benefits, such as an improved median rate of survival. The use of photodynamic therapy is characterized by relatively few side effects, which is a significant advantage compared to conventional treatment methods such as often-used brain tumor surgery, advanced radiotherapy, and classic chemotherapy. Continued research in this area could bring significant advances, influencing future standards of treatment for this difficult and deadly disease.
Conditioned Medium of Intervertebral Disc Cells Inhibits Osteo-Genesis on Autologous Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Osteoblasts
Authors: Chen Shuimu , Croft Andreas S. , Bigdon Sebastian , Albers Christoph E. , Li Zhen , Gantenbein Benjamin
Published: February 2024

Low back pain (LBP) is associated with the degeneration of human intervertebral discs (IVDs). Despite progress in the treatment of LBP through spinal fusion, some cases still end in non-fusion after the removal of the affected IVD tissue. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that the remaining IVD cells secrete BMP inhibitors that are sufficient to inhibit osteogenesis in autologous osteoblasts (OBs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A conditioned medium (CM) from primary human IVD cells in 3D alginate culture was co-cultured with seven donor-matched OB and MSCs. After ten days, osteogenesis was quantified at the transcript level using qPCR to measure the expression of bone-related genes and BMP antagonists, and at the protein level by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Additionally, cells were evaluated histologically using alizarin red (ALZR) staining on Day 21. For judging ALP activity and osteogenesis, the Noggin expression in samples was investigated to uncover the potential causes. The results after culture with the CM showed significantly decreased ALP activity and the inhibition of the calcium deposit formation in alizarin red staining. Interestingly, no significant changes were found among most bone-related genes and BMP antagonists in OBs and MSCs. Noteworthy, Noggin was relatively expressed higher in human IVD cells than in autologous OBs or MSCs (relative to autologous OB, the average fold change was in 6.9, 10.0, and 6.3 in AFC, CEPC, and NPC, respectively; and relative to autologous MSC, the average fold change was 2.3, 3.4, and 3.2, in AFC, CEPC, and NPC, respectively). The upregulation of Noggin in residual human IVDs could potentially inhibit the osteogenesis of autologous OB and MSC, thus inhibiting the postoperative spinal fusion after discectomy surgery.
Specific Multiomic Profiling in Aortic Stenosis in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease
Authors: Antequera-González Borja , Martínez-Micaelo Neus , Sureda-Barbosa Carlos , Galian-Gay Laura , Siliato-Robles M. Sol , Ligero Carmen , Evangelista Artur , Alegret Josep M.
Published: February 2024

Introduction and purpose: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is associated with faster aortic valve degeneration and a high incidence of aortic stenosis (AS). In this study, we aimed to identify differences in the pathophysiology of AS between BAV and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients in a multiomics study integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics as well as clinical data. Methods: Eighteen patients underwent aortic valve replacement due to severe aortic stenosis: 8 of them had a TAV, while 10 of them had a BAV. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) were performed on these tissue samples to obtain the RNA profile and lipid and low-molecular-weight metabolites. These results combined with clinical data were posteriorly compared, and a multiomic profile specific to AS in BAV disease was obtained. Results: H-NMR results showed that BAV patients with AS had different metabolic profiles than TAV patients. RNA-seq also showed differential RNA expression between the groups. Functional analysis helped connect this RNA pattern to mitochondrial dysfunction. Integration of RNA-seq, 1H-NMR and clinical data helped create a multiomic profile that suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key players in the pathophysiology of AS in BAV disease. Conclusions: The pathophysiology of AS in BAV disease differs from patients with a TAV and has a specific RNA and metabolic profile. This profile was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress.
CoDC: Accurate Learning with Noisy Labels via Disagreement and Consistency
Authors: Dong Yongfeng , Li Jiawei , Wang Zhen , Jia Wenyu
Published: February 2024

Inspired by the biological nervous system, deep neural networks (DNNs) are able to achieve remarkable performance in various tasks. However, they struggle to handle label noise, which can poison the memorization effects of DNNs. Co-teaching-based methods are popular in learning with noisy labels. These methods cross-train two DNNs based on the small-loss criterion and employ a strategy using either “disagreement” or “consistency” to obtain the divergence of the two networks. However, these methods are sample-inefficient for generalization in noisy scenarios. In this paper, we propose CoDC, a novel Co-teaching-basedmethod for accurate learning with label noise via both Disagreement and Consistency strategies. Specifically, CoDC maintains disagreement at the feature level and consistency at the prediction level using a balanced loss function. Additionally, a weighted cross-entropy loss is proposed based on information derived from the historical training process. Moreover, the valuable knowledge involved in “large-loss” samples is further developed and utilized by assigning pseudo-labels. Comprehensive experiments were conducted on both synthetic and real-world noise and under various noise types. CoDC achieved 72.81% accuracy on the Clothing1M dataset and 76.96% (Top1) accuracy on the WebVision1.0 dataset. These superior results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of learning with noisy labels.
New Approaches for the Treatment of AML beyond the 7+3 Regimen: Current Concepts and New Approaches
Authors: Roman Diaz Jaime L. , Vazquez Martinez Mariola , Khimani Farhad
Published: February 2024

Fifty years have passed since the development of the first chemotherapy regimen for treating acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), with the approval in 1973 of the cytarabine daunorubicin (7+3) regimen. Until recently, patients diagnosed with AML had very limited treatment options and depended primarily on chemotherapy in combinations, doses, or schedules of the same drugs. Patients with advanced age, comorbidities, or relapsed or refractory disease were left with no effective options for treatment. New advances in the understanding of the biology and the molecular and genetic changes associated with leukemogenesis, as well as recent advances in drug development, have resulted in the introduction over the last few years of novel therapeutic agents and approaches to the treatment of AML as well as a new classification of the disease. In this article, we will discuss the new classification of AML; the mechanisms, actions, and indications of the new targeted therapies; the chemotherapy combinations; and the potential role of cellular therapies as new treatment options for this terrible disease.
Parenting Influences on Frontal Lobe Gray Matter and Preterm Toddlers’ Problem-Solving Skills
Authors: Muñoz Josselyn S. , Giles Megan E. , Vaughn Kelly A. , Wang Ying , Landry Susan H. , Bick Johanna R. , DeMaster Dana M.
Published: February 2024

Children born preterm often face challenges with self-regulation during toddlerhood. This study examined the relationship between prematurity, supportive parent behaviors, frontal lobe gray matter volume (GMV), and emotion regulation (ER) among toddlers during a parent-assisted, increasingly complex problem-solving task, validated for this age range. Data were collected from preterm toddlers (n = 57) ages 15–30 months corrected for prematurity and their primary caregivers. MRI data were collected during toddlers’ natural sleep. The sample contained three gestational groups: 22–27 weeks (extremely preterm; EPT), 28–33 weeks (very preterm; VPT), and 34–36 weeks (late preterm; LPT). Older toddlers became more compliant as the Tool Task increased in difficulty, but this pattern varied by gestational group. Engagement was highest for LPT toddlers, for older toddlers, and for the easiest task condition. Parents did not differentiate their support depending on task difficulty or their child’s age or gestational group. Older children had greater frontal lobe GMV, and for EPT toddlers only, more parent support was related to larger right frontal lobe GMV. We found that parent support had the greatest impact on high birth risk (≤27 gestational weeks) toddler brain development, thus early parent interventions may normalize preterm child neurodevelopment and have lasting impacts.
How Do Children and Adolescents with ASD Look at Animals? A Scoping Review
Authors: Toutain Manon , Dollion Nicolas , Henry Laurence , Grandgeorge Marine
Published: February 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by interaction and communication differences, entailing visual attention skill specificities. Interactions with animals, such as in animal-assisted interventions or with service dogs, have been shown to be beneficial for individuals with ASD. While interacting with humans poses challenges for them, engaging with animals appears to be different. One hypothesis suggests that differences between individuals with ASD’s visual attention to humans and to animals may contribute to these interaction differences. We propose a scoping review of the research on the visual attention to animals of youths with ASD. The objective is to review the methodologies and tools used to explore such questions, to summarize the main results, to explore which factors may contribute to the differences reported in the studies, and to deduce how youth with ASD observe animals. Utilizing strict inclusion criteria, we examined databases between 1942 and 2023, identifying 21 studies in international peer-reviewed journals. Three main themes were identified: attentional engagement and detection, visual exploration, and behavior. Collectively, our findings suggest that the visual attention of youths with ASD towards animals appears comparable to that of neurotypical peers, at least in 2D pictures (i.e., eye gaze patterns). Future studies should explore whether these results extend to real-life interactions.
Efficacy of Lower Limb Orthoses in the Rehabilitation of Children Affected by Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Miccinilli Sandra , Santacaterina Fabio , Della Rocca Rebecca , Sterzi Silvia , Bressi Federica , Bravi Marco
Published: February 2024

Lower limb orthoses are frequently used in children suffering from cerebral palsy (CP) alongside rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of ankle–foot orthosis (AFO) and knee–ankle–foot orthosis (KAFO) in walking, balance maintenance, spasticity, and quality of life improvement during rehabilitation in children affected by CP. The hypothesis was that the use of orthoses could improve the parameters compared to non-use. A systematic review was conducted in the main databases, including English language RCTs published about the use of AFO and KAFO in combination or not with rehabilitation methods in children affected by CP and studies mentioning walking, balance, muscle length, and quality of life as outcomes. From an initial number of 1484 results, a final number of 11 RCTs were included, comprising a total number of 442 participants and showing an overall high risk of bias in 10 studies and some concerns in one study. Six studies investigated the domain of walking, four studies investigated the domain of balance, and two studies investigated how KAFO and AFO orthoses could improve and prevent muscle contractures. Using highly heterogeneous study designs, different kinds of orthoses and different assessment tools were used. Further studies conducted with higher methodological quality are needed to establish whether AFO and KAFO are useful or not in combination with rehabilitation in improving the investigated domains.
Accurate Liquid Level Measurement with Minimal Error: A Chaotic Observer Approach
Authors: Shenoy Vighnesh , Shenoy Prathvi , Venkata Santhosh Krishnan
Published: February 2024

This paper delves into precisely measuring liquid levels using a specific methodology with diverse real-world applications such as process optimization, quality control, fault detection and diagnosis, etc. It demonstrates the process of liquid level measurement by employing a chaotic observer, which senses multiple variables within a system. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is meticulously created using ANSYS to explore the laminar flow characteristics of liquids comprehensively. The methodology integrates the system identification technique to formulate a third-order state–space model that characterizes the system. Based on this mathematical model, we develop estimators inspired by Lorenz and Rossler’s principles to gauge the liquid level under specified liquid temperature, density, inlet velocity, and sensor placement conditions. The estimated results are compared with those of an artificial neural network (ANN) model. These ANN models learn and adapt to the patterns and features in data and catch non-linear relationships between input and output variables. The accuracy and error minimization of the developed model are confirmed through a thorough validation process. Experimental setups are employed to ensure the reliability and precision of the estimation results, thereby underscoring the robustness of our liquid-level measurement methodology. In summary, this study helps to estimate unmeasured states using the available measurements, which is essential for understanding and controlling the behavior of a system. It helps improve the performance and robustness of control systems, enhance fault detection capabilities, and contribute to dynamic systems’ overall efficiency and reliability.
Expanded Brain CT Dataset for the Development of AI Systems for Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection and Classification
Authors: Khoruzhaya Anna N. , Bobrovskaya Tatiana M. , Kozlov Dmitriy V. , Kuligovskiy Dmitriy , Novik Vladimir P. , Arzamasov Kirill M. , Kremneva Elena I.
Published: February 2024

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a dangerous life-threatening condition leading to disability. Timely and high-quality diagnosis plays a huge role in the course and outcome of this disease. The gold standard in determining ICH is computed tomography. This method requires a prompt involvement of highly qualified personnel, which is not always possible, for example, in case of a staff shortage or increased workload. In such a situation, every minute counts, and time can be lost. The solution to this problem seems to be a set of diagnostic decisions, including the use of artificial intelligence, which will help to identify patients with ICH in a timely manner and provide prompt and quality medical care. However, the main obstacle to the development of artificial intelligence is a lack of high-quality datasets for training and testing. In this paper, we present a dataset including 800 brain CT scans consisting of multiple series of DICOM images with and without signs of ICH, enriched with clinical and technical parameters, as well as the methodology of its generation utilizing natural language processing tools. The dataset is publicly available, which contributes to increased competition in the development of artificial intelligence systems and their advancement and quality improvement.
Dengue Fever Epidemics and the Prospect of Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Using Clinical Trials in Children
Authors: Okoye Ebele C. , Mitra Amal K. , Lomax Terica , Nunaley Cedric
Published: February 2024

About half of the world’s population is at risk of dengue infection. Epidemics of dengue fever have caused an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in recent years, which led to the exploration of vaccines as a preventive measure. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy, immune response, and safety of dengue vaccines in children by analyzing clinical trials. The review followed standard procedures for data extraction using PRISMA guidelines and searching multiple databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Health Source, Science Direct, and Academic Search Premiere. Eligible studies involved children (0–17 years old). Quality assessment was analyzed using the Cochrane Collaboration criteria, while data synthesis was conducted using thematic analysis and meta-analysis. Among the 38 selected studies, dengue vaccines showed varying efficacy against all four serotypes. The CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia®) and Tekade (TAK-003) vaccines showed strong protection against severe dengue, but their long-term efficacy varied. Vaccines triggered satisfactory immune responses, notably in those previously exposed to dengue. Safety profiles were mostly favorable, noting mild adverse events post-vaccination. Meta-analysis supported vaccine efficacy and immune response, but safety concerns warrant further exploration. In conclusion, dengue vaccines showed promising efficacy and immune response, particularly against severe manifestations.
The Widening of the North–South Divide: Debt Sustainability in a World Weakened by COVID-19
Authors: Bernardo Sandra , Vasconcelos Maria Luísa , Rocha Fátima
Published: February 2024

This research compares the global debt trends in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on economies that frame the North and South divide. The research centers on debt ratios, which serve as indicators of countries’ ability to finance recovery and development projects. The study period runs from 2015 to 2022 and follows the IMF’s country classification, which divides the world into advanced economies (AE) and emerging market and developing economies (EMDE). The research employs panel data regressions to assess three key debt ratios—external debt to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), external debt to exports, and public debt to GDP—against various pandemic-related indicators and control variables. The analysis provides three major contributions. Firstly, an examination of external and public debt burdens is conducted, showing that escalated external and public debt burdens in EMDE contrast with increasing public debt in AE, primarily due to fiscal stimulus. Secondly, it is argued that the ongoing pandemic has intensified the widening economic gap between the North (AE) and the south (EMDE). Thirdly, a review is presented of both orthodox and heterodox policies identified in existing literature that are considered capable of mitigating external vulnerabilities in EMDE. Findings highlight the critical need for multifaceted measures to address debt vulnerability and promote sustainable economic recovery in a post-pandemic world.
Variable-Angle Random High-Frequency Voltage Injection Strategy with Cross-Saturation Effect Compensation for Sensorless Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drives
Authors: Lv Liangnian , Hu Ziming , Li Sisi , Guo Rui , Wang Jinpeng , Wang Gaolin , Li Shulin
Published: February 2024

There are usually noise problems when the position sensorless control of a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) is carried out by high-frequency (HF) signal injection method. Due to the special structure, the cross-saturation effect of the SynRM is particularly serious, resulting in reduced position observation accuracy. In this paper, a variable-angle random HF voltage injection strategy with cross-saturation effect compensation is proposed for position sensorless SynRM drives. Random number generation based on the chaotic mapping method is used to generate random HF voltage signals with different frequencies for injection; the current power spectral density (PSD) distribution is extended and the HF noise can be reduced. A control strategy based on variable-angle square-wave injection is proposed to suppress the cross-saturation effect. By measuring the position error curves of different loads off-line and polynomial fitting the curves, the position error is achieved by combining with the corresponding signal demodulation algorithm. The proposed method does not require additional hardware resources and can maintain high control accuracy and robustness. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control strategy is verified on a 3 kW SynRM experimental platform.
Lactobacillus HNC7-YLC92 Improves the Fermentation Quality of Cassava–Acerola Cherry Beverage
Authors: Lu Tianyu , Song Bei , Yang Jinsong , Tan Haisheng , Qiao Huahua , Zhi Wenbo , Chen Rong , Sheng Zhanwu
Published: February 2024

In order to promote the consumption and application of cassava in the food industry, the cassava–acerola cherry juice beverage was developed using lactic acid bacteria fermentation, which improved the flavor attraction and nutritional value, increased the added value of cassava and acerola cherry. The study investigated the effects of both pure and mixed fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) HNC7 on the chemical compounds and antioxidant activities in cassava–acerola cherry juice. Following 72 h of fermentation, the fruit juice showed increased acidity, a decrease in pH, and higher consumption of soluble solids, and a significant rise in volatile substance content and antioxidant activity (p < 0.05). Notably, the HNC7-YLC92 binary combination demonstrated the most effective fermentation, resulting in a product with uniform color, moderate sourness and sweetness, and a delicate and smooth taste. Overall, the HNC7-YLC92 binary combination, due to its beneficial biological properties, shows great potential as the optimal strain for fermenting this juice. This provides a reference for selecting industrial fermentation conditions and strains, aiming to develop new value-added cassava products and increase their consumption.
Consumption of Post-Larval Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) by Dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus): New Ecological Insights into Both Species in the Tyrrhenian Sea
Authors: Poisson François
Published: February 2024

Knowledge of post-larval swordfish (Xiphias gladius) ecology in the world’s oceans is incomplete as they are rarely found in ichthyoplankton samplings or commercial catches and individuals are difficult to observe in the marine ecosystem. Analyses of stomach contents of apex predators can provide otherwise unobtainable ecological insights. Two well-preserved bills of post-larval swordfish were identified among the partially digested stomach contents of an adult male dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) caught in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea. The lower jaw to fork lengths of the two predated swordfish were estimated at, respectively, 18 and 22 cm, corresponding to 81- and 99-day-old swordfish hatched in the 2022 spawning season. This analysis and recent information on the reproductive dynamics of swordfish in the same area reported in the literature shed light not only on the early stages of swordfish growth but also on dolphinfish ecology in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The two species share the same habitat and are both caught with commercial pelagic surface longlines. Environmental shifts associated with climate change could unpredictably modify the reproduction dynamics, growth, recruitment and distribution of both species. This knowledge is important for the sustainable management of regional fisheries.
Recycled Brewer’s Spent Grain (BSG) and Grape Juice: A New Tool for Non-Alcoholic (NAB) or Low-Alcoholic (LAB) Craft Beer Using Non-Conventional Yeasts
Authors: Canonico Laura , Agarbati Alice , Comitini Francesca , Ciani Maurizio
Published: February 2024

Non-alcoholic beer (NAB) and low-alcoholic beer (LAB) are taking over the market with growing sales. Sustainable recycling and valorization of exhausted brewer’s spent grain (BSG) coming from craft beer is a relevant issue in the brewing process. In this work, recycled BSG and BSG + GJ (supplemented with 10% grape juice) were used as a wort substrate to inoculate Lachancea thermotolerans, Wickeramhomyces anomalus, Torulaspora delbruecki and Pichia kluyveri non-conventional yeasts to produce NABLAB craft beer. Results showed that wort composed of only recycled BSG produced appreciated NAB beers (ethanol concentration from 0.12% to 0.54% v/v), while the addition of 10% grape juice produced LAB beers (ethanol concentration from 0.82 to 1.66% v/v). As expected, volatile compound production was highest with the addition of grape juice. L. thermotolerans showed lactic acid production, characterizing both worts with the production of ethyl butyrate and isoamyl acetate. T. delbrueckii exhibited relevant amounts of hexanol, phenyl ethyl acetate and β-phenyl ethanol (BSG + GJ). W. anomalus and P. kluyveri showed consistent volatile production, but only in BSG + GJ where fermentation activity was exhibited. The overall results indicated that reused BSGs, non-conventional yeasts and grape juice are suitable bioprocesses for specialty NABLAB beer.
The Future of Food
Authors: Galanakis Charis M.
Published: February 2024

The global food systems face significant challenges driven by population growth, climate change, geopolitical conflicts, crises, and evolving consumer preferences. Intending to address these challenges, optimizing food production, adopting sustainable practices, and developing technological advancements are essential while ensuring the safety and public acceptance of innovations. This review explores the complex aspects of the future of food, encompassing sustainable food production, food security, climate-resilient and digitalized food supply chain, alternative protein sources, food processing, and food technology, the impact of biotechnology, cultural diversity and culinary trends, consumer health and personalized nutrition, and food production within the circular bioeconomy. The article offers a holistic perspective on the evolving food industry characterized by innovation, adaptability, and a shared commitment to global food system resilience. Achieving sustainable, nutritious, and environmentally friendly food production in the future involves comprehensive changes in various aspects of the food supply chain, including innovative farming practices, evolving food processing technologies, and Industry 4.0 applications, as well as approaches that redefine how we consume food.
Effects of Wooden Breast Myopathy on Meat Quality Characteristics of Broiler Pectoralis Major Muscle and Its Changes with Intramuscular Connective Tissue
Authors: Bian Tianjiao , Xing Tong , Zhao Xue , Xu Xinglian
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effect of wooden breast (WB) myopathy on chemical composition, meat quality attributes and physiochemical characteristics of intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT) of broiler pectoralis major (PM) muscle. Thirty-six fillets were classified into varying degrees of WB condition, including normal, moderate and severe. Results show that WB myopathy altered the collagen profile in PM muscle by increasing total collagen content and decreasing collagen solubility. The composition of macromolecules in IMCT, including hydroxylysyl pyridoxine cross-linking, decorin and glycosaminoglycans, were increased with the severity of WB myopathy. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated higher denaturation temperatures and lower denaturation enthalpy of IMCT for WB. Secondary structures of α-helix and β-sheet in the IMCT of WB were changed to β-turn and random coil. In addition, chemical composition and meat quality attributes showed a correlation with collagen profile and IMCT characteristics. Overall, this study emphasizes the effect of WB myopathy on IMCT and their contributions to meat quality variation.
Leaves, Infusion, and Grounds—A Three–Stage Assessment of Element Content in Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Based on the Dynamic Extraction and Mineralization of Residues
Authors: Różewska Anna , Proch Jędrzej , Niedzielski Przemysław
Published: February 2024

The more yerba mate infusions that are consumed, the larger the amount of grounds generated. What is more, both the infusion and the residues after brewing remain rich elements. Therefore, a strategy for the three-stage assessment of the element content was presented. A new brewing method was based on dynamic extraction, ensuring both the ease of preparing the infusion and recovering the grounds. In turn, microwave-assisted acid mineralization was used to decompose the leaves and twigs of yerba mate before and after brewing. In total, 30 products were analyzed by ICP OES in three fractions each, i.e., dry yerba mate, infusion, and grounds, to determine up to 25 elements. The elemental composition was considered in terms of the country of origin, type, or composition of yerba mate. The extraction percentages obtained with dynamic extraction were comparable to previously used ultrasound-assisted extraction, as well as data from the literature. The three-stage strategy is a novel approach in yerba mate studies, and it may be a model procedure for the laboratory preparation of yerba mate grounds (waste that can be re-used, e.g., a natural fertilizer).
Navigating Choppy Waters: Interplay between Financial Stress and Commodity Market Indices
Authors: Ahmed Haji , Aslam Faheem , Ferreira Paulo
Published: February 2024

Financial stress can have significant implications for individuals, businesses, asset prices and the economy as a whole. This study examines the nonlinear structure and dynamic changes in the multifractal behavior of cross-correlation between the financial stress index (FSI) and four well-known commodity indices, namely Commodity Research Bureau Index (CRBI), Baltic Dry Index (BDI), London Metal Index (LME) and Brent Oil prices (BROIL), using multifractal detrended cross correlation analysis (MFDCCA). For analysis, we utilized daily values of FSI and commodity index prices from 16 June 2016 to 9 July 2023. The following are the most important empirical findings: (I) All of the chosen commodity market indices show cross correlations with the FSI and have notable multifractal characteristics. (II) The presence of power law cross-correlation implies that a noteworthy shift in FSI is likely to coincide with a considerable shift in the commodity indices. (III) The multifractal cross-correlation is highest between FSI and Brent Oil (BROIL) and lowest with LME. (IV) The rolling windows analysis reveals a varying degree of persistency between FSI and commodity markets. The findings of this study have a number of important implications for commodity market investors and policymakers.
Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV among People Living with HIV: Should We Be Concerned?
Authors: Colpani Agnese , De Vito Andrea , Zauli Beatrice , Menzaghi Barbara , Calcagno Andrea , Celesia Benedetto Maurizio , Ceccarelli Manuela , Nunnari Giuseppe , De Socio Giuseppe Vittorio , Di Biagio Antonio , Leoni Nicola , Angioni Goffredo , Giambenedetto Simona Di , D’Ettorre Gabriella , Babudieri Sergio , Madeddu Giordano
Published: February 2024

Poor knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV among people with HIV (PLHIV) could worsen life quality. We aimed to investigate their STI and HIV knowledge, disclosure and undetectable = untransmittable (U=U). We proposed an anonymous questionnaire regarding STI and HIV to PLHIV attending ten Italian outpatient infectious diseases clinics. Moreover, disclosure and U=U were investigated. The calculated sample size was 178 people. Considering a missing response of 10%, the final sample size was 196. We enrolled 200 PLHIV (73.5% males), with a median age of 52.5 (IQR 41–59) years. The mean score was 7.61 ± 1.22 with no difference by gender, education, and employment. Significant statistical difference was observed by sexual orientation; bisexuals and those who preferred not to answer had a lower score than heterosexuals and MSM (p = 0.0032). PLHIV showed poor knowledge about HIV transmission (25% appropriately answered). Nearly 30% responded that virologically suppressed PLHIV could transmit the infection. Finally, 137 (68.5%) and 158 (79.0%) disclosed to the general practitioner and family and friends, respectively. Nearly 52.0% knew the meaning of U=U, and 83.6% highlighted its positive rebound. In conclusion, important knowledge gaps are present among PLHIV regarding U=U, and its implications are little-known. Improving PLHIVs’ awareness will undermine self-stigma and enhance life quality.
Development and Psychometric Validation of the Breast Cancer Stigma Assessment Scale for Women with Breast Cancer and Its Survivors
Authors: Cenit-García Judit , Buendia-Gilabert Carolina , Contreras-Molina Carmen , Puente-Fernández Daniel , Fernández-Castillo Rafael , García-Caro María Paz
Published: February 2024

Background: The increase in breast cancer cases and breast cancer survival makes it advisable to quantify the impact of the health-related stigma of this disease. Purpose/Objectives: To develop and validate a breast cancer stigma scale in Spanish. Methods: Women diagnosed with, or survivors of, breast cancer were included. The development of the Breast Cancer Stigma Assessment Scale (BCSAS) involved both a literature review and personal interviews. Content validity was assessed using a Delphi study and a pilot test; construct validity was evaluated using an exploratory factor analysis; and convergent validity was assessed using six scales. Cronbach’s α internal consistency and test-retest reliability were used to determine the reliability of the scales. Results: 231 women responded to the 28-item scale. The BCSAS showed good reliability, with α = 0.897. Seven factors emerged: concealment (α = 0.765), disturbance (α = 0.772), internalized stigma (α = 0.750), aesthetics (α = 0.779), course (α = 0.599), danger (α = 0.502), and origin (α = 0.350). The test-retest reliability was 0.830 (p < 0.001). Significant correlation was observed with event centrality (r = 0.701), anxiety–depression (r = 0.668), shame (r = 0.645), guilt (r = 0.524), and quality of life (r = −0.545). Conclusions: The BCSAS is a reliable and valid measure of stigma in women with breast cancer and its survivors. It could be useful for detecting stigma risk and establishing psychotherapeutic and care priorities.
Personality Risk Factors for Vape Use amongst Young Adults and Its Consequences for Sleep and Mental Health
Authors: Evans Simon L. , Alkan Erkan
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: The surge in vape (e-cigarette) use among young adults is concerning, as there is limited knowledge about risk factors and health consequences. This study explores the personality traits linked to vape use, and associations between vaping and chronotype, sleep quality, and mental health, among young adults. (2) Methods: 316 participants, aged 18–25, completed measurements of mindfulness, rumination, self-compassion, anxiety/depression, chronotype, and sleep quality. (3) Results: the vape user group scored significantly lower on mindfulness, higher on rumination, and lower on self-compassion. Vape users were more likely to be evening types and had significantly lower sleep quality and higher anxiety symptoms, as well as higher alcohol use and loneliness (at trend) (4) Conclusions: These novel findings enhance our understanding of what might predispose young adults to vaping and the potential impact on their mental health and sleep quality. Findings point to specific cognitive/personality traits as vaping risk factors, which could inform intervention strategies.