bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de traumatismos cranioencefálicos associados a acidentes de trânsito no Sudeste do Pará, na Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Ribeiro Edlainny Araujo , Ferreira Rogerio Hercules , Caixeta Laura Costa , Fagundes Marilia Jaqueline Lopes , Weber Lorrany Karen Batista de Jesus , Teixeira Alanna Oliveira
Published: December 2023

Introdução: No Brasil, os traumatismos cranioencefálicos (TCEs) representam cerca dois terços de todas as causas de óbitos e são frequentemente associados a acidentes de trânsito, causando sobrecarga dos serviços de média e alta complexidade. Objetivos: Descrever a ocorrência e o perfil clínico-epidemiológico de TCEs associados a acidentes de trânsito em um hospital regional no Sudeste do Estado do Pará. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo analítico de corte transversal. Baseou-se em dados provenientes do serviço de arquivos médicos e estatísticos de um hospital regional, através da análise de prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes diagnosticados com TCEdecorrentes de acidentes de trânsito no período de 2016 a 2020. Resultados: Das 20.077 internações gerais registradas, 4,0% foram associadas à ocorrência de TCE, das quais 75,3% foram diretamente causados por acidentes de trânsito envolvendo motocicletas. Os casos se concentraram em indivíduos pardos, do sexo masculino, com faixaetária entre 18 e 29 anos, com percentuais de 92,5%, 86% e 39%, respectivamente. Conclusões: A ocorrência de TCEs associados a acidentes automobilísticos é um problema que requer atenção na região. Além disso, verificou-se várias lacunas no preenchimento dos prontuários, o que dificultou a determinação da associação do desfecho, o consumo de álcool e a utilização dos EPIs. No entanto, considerando todas as informações apresentadas, políticas públicas assertivas locais que visem a prevenção podem ser implementadas. E esse pode ser o ponto de partida para promover mudanças que visem mitigação dos acidentes de trânsito e ocupações de leitos por causas evitáveis,impactando na qualidade da assistência em saúde e fatores econômicos.
Acidente vascular cerebral induzido por cocaína em paciente jovem
Authors: Rocha Taianne Maria da Cruz , Fragoso Luanny de Andrade Cardoso , Rodrigues Vítor Nunes , Santos Júnior Cláudio José dos , Trindade Filho Euclides Mauricio
Published: December 2023

O relato de caso apresentado neste trabalho, aborda a relação do uso da cocaína e o acidente vascular cerebral após um paciente adulto jovem chegar a uma unidade especializada com déficits neurológicos e histórico de uso de drogas ilícitas de forma aguda e de longa data, sem outras comorbidades constatadas. Além disso, apresentou exames laboratoriais e sorológicos sem alterações significativas. O único fator de risco identificado no caso em tela para o acidente vascular foi, portanto, o uso de cocaína. Assim, neste trabalho, enfatiza-se eventual relação entre o uso da cocaína com o caso em tela.
Ações para o Desenvolvimento de Habilidades de Matemática e Computação para Alunos do Ensino Médio
Authors: Cunha Fabio Dias da , Souza Ketlen Victória Martins de , Pardo Thiago
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência de criação e oferta de um curso de extensão virtual inspirado pela iniciativa Vem Pra USP!, voltado para alunos de ensino médio, realizado durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Com base no estudo de estratégias didáticas, o projeto tem como finalidade melhorar os conhecimentos de Matemática e realizar uma introdução aos conceitos de Computação, auxiliando os alunos do ensino médio no caminhar rumo ao ensino superior. Além da revisão literária sobre técnicas de ensino e aprendizagem, o artigo narra as decisões de projeto do curso e as lições aprendidas, esperando subsidiar novas iniciativas.
NEPOTİZM İLE ÖRGÜTSEL SESSİZLİK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ALHAS Fidan
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışmada nepotizm ve örgütsel sessizlik arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma Kars İlinde’ki Devlet Su İşleri 24. Bölge Müdürlüğü’nde çalışan 399 kişi üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonucunda ise, genel nepotizm ve genel örgütsel sessizlik arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Terfide kayırmacılık ile korunmacı sessizlik ve kabullenici sessizlik arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu tespit edilmişken terfide kayırmacılık ve korumacı sessizlik arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. İşlem kayırmacılığı ile korumacı sessizlik ve kabullenici sessizlik arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunamamışken işlem kayırmacılığı ve korunmacı sessizlik arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca işe alma sürecinde kayırmacılık ile korunmacı sessizlik, korumacı sessizlik ve kabullenici sessizlik arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sebeple çalışanların hem örgütsel sessizliklerinin hem de nepotizmlerinin azaltılabilmesi amacıyla birtakım önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Emergency Aesthetics: The Case of the Four Faces of Omarska
Authors: Glisic Iva , Puric Biljana
Published: November 2023

This article examines how contemporary artists from the Western Balkans have sought to engage with the legacy of ethnonationalist violence. While attempts to examine and openly discuss war crimes that occurred in this region during the 1990s have largely been undermined by populist politics in successor states, the domain of art has provided a critical platform for disrupting the official erasure of these atrocities. This investigation focuses on the Four Faces of Omarska art collective, whose members examine the war crimes that occurred following the break-up of socialist Yugoslavia by studying the transformation of the Omarska site in north-western Bosnia – a location that has variously served as a mining complex, a death camp, and a set for the filming of an ‘ethno-blockbuster.’ In providing a comprehensive (art) historical analysis of their practice, the article considers the collective's public engagement strategies by invoking Santiago Zabala's concept of ‘emergency aesthetics’ as a method for countering the political erasure of urgent issues. This analysis reveals that the significance of the Four Faces of Omarska project extends beyond its immediate post-socialist context, and indeed provides a model of creative practice fit for our era of planetary crisis.
Bags of Stories: Thinking with Household Casebearers in the Anthropocene
Authors: Hao Tan Zi
Published: November 2023

Household casebearers are a genus of moths primarily distinguished by the spindle-shaped cases they carry and live in throughout their larval life. The cases, woven from household dust, typically comprise an array of materials from textile fibers to dead insect parts. As they thrive in domestic spaces in tropical climates, they are commonly viewed as a domestic pest. Anthropocentrism as such has led to a fundamental imbalance of knowledge concerning these creatures: we are more knowledgeable in their capacity for damage than we are in understanding how they live, even as we cohabit with them very closely, at home. In presenting a series of macro photography of their larval cases, this project invites readers to be attentive to the material and ecological entanglements on display on their intricate creations. The home is already a wilderness as household casebearers rebuild their houses from the dusty ruins of ours.
Deadly nuts – detection of 3-nitropropionic acid in coconuts
Authors: Ringsborg Westphal K. , Vittrup Andersen N. , Uttrup Dideriksen B. , Filtenborg Gunggaard A. , Duus M.A. , Sondergaard T.E.
Published: December 2023

The secondary metabolite 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is produced by certain fungi. The metabolite is a potent toxin which inhibits the citric acid cycle. A medical case from 2021 described a 69-year-old Danish man who ingested 3-nitropropionic acid contaminated coconut water. The man died 26 hours after ingestion. Subsequent analysis identified Apiospora saccharicola as the fungi responsible for synthesising 3-NPA in the coconut. The metabolic pathway for 3-NPA is unknown but is thought to be activated by adverse growth conditions. This study aimed to confirm that Apiospora can produce 3-NPA within coconuts and develop a quick and easy method for detection of 3-NPA in coconut water using 1H NMR. This method can possibly aid in detection of 3-NPA in contaminated groceries, such as coconut water.
The Infinite Task of Genealogy
Authors: Reichmuth Stefan
Published: December 2023

The Indian polymath Muḥammad Murtaḍà al-Zabīdī (1145/1732-1205/1791) studied in Zabīd in the Yemen and then in the Hijaz before he chose to move to Egypt, where he embarked upon a unique career as a leading ḥadīṯ scholar, lexicographer, genealogist and Sufi traditionist of his time. By his philological-cum-ḥadīṯ-oriented activities which were combined with his comprehensive interest in a genealogy of Muslim culture, he greatly fascinated his contemporaries.

Genealogical research, recording and writing were a central part of al-Zabīdī’s scholarly interest, and he became a widely respected authority in this field. He was contacted and consulted by scholars and visitors from very distant regions, collecting genealogical information from them and, at the same, responding to their queries about the past of their families and ethnic groups.

In the following the central project of al-Zabīdī’s own genealogical research and writing, a commentary and extension of an important older genealogical book (al-Naǧafī’s al-Mušaǧǧar al-kaššāf) will be described and scrutinized. Like other works of al-Zabīdī, this commentary has remained unfinished, and even the manuscript situation of al-Naǧafī’s text itself remains highly complex. It is hoped to bring out the specific character of al-Zabīdī’s own genealogical approach, which aimed at a universal and, at the same time, updated genealogical framework for the Muslim world, and which perhaps fell victim of the boundless field into which he had plunged.
Animal welfare science: an integral piece of sustainable insect agriculture
Authors: Barrett M. , Adcock S.J.J.
Published: November 2023

The insects as food and feed (IAFF) industry represents one of the largest undertakings of industrial livestock rearing in human history, with at least a trillion animals reared each year and massive growth potential. As other livestock industries have grown, animal welfare science has become an essential field for maintaining socially responsible, ethical, and sustainable industry practice. Like traditional livestock industries, the IAFF industry could also benefit – ethically, socially, and economically – from a field of welfare science. Here, we present three economic reasons for considering animal welfare in intensive production systems: (1) improving production outcomes, (2) maintaining social license to operate, and (3) differentiating products. In each case, we provide examples from established livestock industries that highlight how the field of animal welfare science can benefit producers. Further, we provide examples of how the IAFF industry would benefit from the support of a dedicated field of welfare science. We end by calling attention to key partnerships between entomologists, welfare scientists, and producers that could advance the common goals of these stakeholder groups, as well as animal welfare in insect agriculture.
Sławomir Łotysz, “Pińskie błota: Natura, wiedza i polityka na polskim Polesiu do 1945 roku”, Universitas, 2022, 565 pp.
Authors: Cichoracki Piotr
Published: December 2023

The article is a review of Pińskie błota: Natura, wiedza i polityka na polskim Polesiu do 1945 roku [The Pinsk Marshes: Nature, Knowledge, and Politics in Polish Polesia before 1945] by Sławomir Łotysz, Universitas 2022, 565 pp. ISBN 978-83-242-3958-0.
Steady-State Supersaturation Distributions for Clouds under Turbulent Forcing
Authors: Santos Gutiérrez Manuel , Furtado Kalli
Published: November 2023

The supersaturation equation for a vertically moving adiabatic cloud parcel is analyzed. The effects of turbulent updrafts are incorporated in the shape of a stochastic Lagrangian model, with spatial and time correlations expressed in terms of turbulent kinetic energy. Using the Fokker–Planck equation, the steady-state probability distributions of supersaturation are analytically computed for a number of approximations involving the time-scale separation between updraft fluctuations and phase relaxation, and droplet or ice particle size fluctuations. While the analytical results are presented in general for single-phase clouds, the calculated distributions are used to compute mixed-phase cloud properties—mixed fraction and mean liquid water content in an initially icy cloud—and are argued to be useful for generalizing and constructing new parameterization schemes.

Significance Statement

Supersaturation is the fuel for the development of clouds in the atmosphere. In this paper, our goal is to better understand the supersaturation budget of clouds embedded in a turbulent environment by analyzing the basic equations of cloud microphysics. It is found that the turbulent characteristics of an air parcel substantially affect the cloud’s supersaturation budget and hence its life cycle. This is also shown in the context of mixed-phase clouds where, depending on the turbulent regime, different liquid-to-ice ratios are found. Consequently, the theoretical approach of this paper is crucial to develop tools to parameterize small-scale atmospheric features, like clouds, into global circulation models to improve climate projections for the future.
The Empirical Influence of Tibetan Plateau Spring Soil Moisture on South Asian Monsoon Onset: A Linear Diagnostic Perspective
Authors: Ullah Waheed , Wang Guojie , Lou Dan , Gao Zhiqiu , Zhu Chenxia , Samuel Bhatti Asher , Tawia Hagan Daniel Fiifi , Li Shijie , Jiang Tong , Su Buda , Karim Aisha , Ullah Safi
Published: December 2023

The South Asian high (SAH) location and intensity are linked with the latent heating of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Yangtze River basin. The relationship between SAH variability and its impact on South Asian monsoon (SAM) onset is rarely linked with TP soil moisture. This study uses remotely sensed soil moisture and reanalysis products to quantify the relationship between the TP spring (April–June) soil moisture with SAH and SAM onset during 1988–2008. The results show that the TP spring soil moisture and monsoon onset indices are negatively correlated (R < −0.65), whereas the SAH exhibits a significant positive correlation (R ≥ 0.70) with TP soil moisture. The monsoon onset shows a difference of 20–25 days between the early- and late-onset composites. Significant positive (negative) soil moisture anomalies persist over the TP during the early (late) onset followed by positive (negative) LH (SH) anomalies during early (late)-onset composites. The TP thermal forcing exhibited positive anomalies during the early (late)-onset composites implying significant soil moisture control over the diabatic heating, which favors vertical ascent over the eastern plateau. Such a pattern leads to an earlier formation and movement of the SAH toward the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and southwestward of the TP. Before the early and late monsoon onset composites, the SAH pentad evolution drives the lower-tropospheric westerlies/easterlies toward continental SA. In the Indian Ocean the wind shear and transition from prevailing easterlies into westerlies during the pre-onset, onset, and post-onset pentad results in strong/weak ascent affecting the onset timing over the Arabian Sea and continental SA with less influence over the BOB monsoon onset.

Significance Statement

The Tibetan Plateau heating is one of the key drivers of the Asian monsoon precipitation in the surrounding regions, which has been previously studied in detail. This study explored the Tibetan Plateau spring soil moisture’s effect on South Asian monsoon onset timing. The monsoon onset timing is calculated using changes in wind direction, atmospheric temperature, and relative precipitation magnitude. Results found that the spring soil moisture substantially affects the TP thermal heating and the SA monsoon onset timing and highlights the physical processes leading to changes in the monsoon onset timing. The inclusion of soil moisture in estimating the monsoon onset timing can provide a tangible way of improving our understanding of the monsoon and associated water resources management practices.
A Statistical Interpolation of Satellite Data with Rain Gauge Data over Papua New Guinea
Authors: Chua Zhi-Weng , Kuleshov Yuriy , Watkins Andrew B. , Choy Suelynn , Sun Chayn
Published: November 2023

Satellites provide a useful way of estimating rainfall where the availability of in situ data is low but their indirect nature of estimation means there can be substantial biases. Consequently, the assimilation of in situ data is an important step in improving the accuracy of the satellite rainfall analysis. The effectiveness of this step varies with gauge density, and this study investigated the effectiveness of statistical interpolation (SI), also known as optimal interpolation (OI), on a monthly time scale when gauge density is extremely low using Papua New Guinea (PNG) as a study region. The topography of the region presented an additional challenge to the algorithm. An open-source implementation of SI was developed on Python 3 and confirmed to be consistent with an existing implementation, addressing a lack of open-source implementation for this classical algorithm. The effectiveness of the analysis produced by this algorithm was then compared to the pure satellite analysis over PNG from 2001 to 2014. When performance over the entire study domain was considered, the improvement from using SI was close to imperceptible because of the small number of stations available for assimilation and the small radius of influence of each station (imposed by the topography present in the domain). However, there was still value in using OI as performance around each of the stations was noticeably improved, with the error consistently being reduced along with a general increase in the correlation metric. Furthermore, in an operational context, the use of OI provides an important function of ensuring consistency between in situ data and the gridded analysis.

Significance Statement

The blending of satellite and gauge rainfall data through a process known as statistical interpolation (SI) is known to be capable of producing a more accurate dataset that facilitates better estimation of rainfall. However, the performance of this algorithm over a domain such as Papua New Guinea, where gauge density is extremely low, is not often explored. This study reveals that, although an improvement over the entire Papua New Guinea domain was slight, the algorithm is still valuable as there was a consistent improvement around the stations. Additionally, an adaptable and open-source version of the algorithm is provided, allowing users to blend their own satellite and gauge data and create better geospatial datasets for their own purposes.
Evidence for the Impact of a CBT-Based Curriculum for High-Risk Young Adults
Authors: Swan Holly , Campbell Walter L. , Martin Maggie Elliott , Masters Claudia , Cristy Yvonne , Reddy Nikitha , Mishra Jesse , Hunt Dana
Published: November 2023

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective intervention for individuals involved in the criminal legal system. Roca, Inc., a nonprofit organization that serves the highest risk young adults in Massachusetts and Baltimore, MD, created and implemented a flexible curriculum based on the theoretical tenets of CBT, called Re-Wire. This paper presents results from a mixed-method implementation and impact evaluation—including site observations, a participant survey, and quasi-experimental analysis of administrative records—of Re-Wire CBT. Early exposure to high levels of Re-Wire CBT increased later program engagement and participants were using the skills they learned to cope with situations involving violence and interpersonal relationships, suggesting the use of flexible, CBT-informed programming can aid in reducing violence among high-risk individuals.
False Alarm Effects in Early Warnings for Emergency Vehicles: Exploring Drivers’ Move-Over Behavior
Authors: Weibull Kajsa , Lidestam Björn , Prytz Erik
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study investigated drivers’ move-over behavior when receiving an Emergency Vehicle Approaching (EVA) warning. Furthermore, the possible effects of false alarms, driver experience, and modality on move-over behavior were explored.

Background

EVA warnings are one solution to encourage drivers to move over for emergency vehicles in a safe and timely manner. EVA warnings are distributed based on the predicted path of the emergency vehicle causing a risk of false alarms. Previous EVA studies have suggested a difference between inexperienced and experienced drivers’ move-over behavior.

Method

A driving simulator study was conducted with 110 participants, whereof 54 inexperienced and 56 experienced drivers. They were approached by an emergency vehicle three times. A control group received no EVA warnings, whereas the experimental groups received either true or false warnings, auditory or visual, 15 seconds before the emergency vehicle overtook them.

Results

Drivers who received EVA warnings moved over more quickly for the emergency vehicle compared to the control group. Drivers moved over more quickly for each emergency vehicle interaction. False alarms impaired move-over behavior. No difference in driver behavior based on driver experience or modality was observed.

Conclusion

EVA warnings positively affect drivers’ move-over behavior. However, false alarms can decrease drivers’ future willingness to comply with the warning.

Application

The findings regarding measurements of delay can be used to optimize the design of future EVA systems. Moreover, this research should be used to further understand the effect of false alarms in in-car warnings.
Personality Pathology and Suicide Risk: Examining the Relationship Between DSM-5 Alternative Model Traits and Suicidal Ideation and Behavior in College-Aged Individuals
Authors: Aboul-ata Mohammad A. , Qonsua Faten T. , Saadi Ibrahim A. A.
Published: November 2023

Background

This study examines the link between personality pathology and suicide risk regarding the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders.

Method

The study investigates the facets, domains, internalizing, and externalizing of personality pathology and their correlation and predictive significance for suicidal ideation and behavior. This study examined a diverse and balanced sample of 1,398 college students aged between 18- and 29-year-olds from nine colleges in Kafrelshiekh University, with nearly equal representation of both genders (687 males, 711 females), a mix of rural and urban residents (807 rural, 591 urban), and a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds (15 very low SES, 84 low SES, 878 moderate SES, 364 high SES, and 57 very high SES). The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) was utilized to assess personality pathology. Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) was used to evaluate suicidal ideation and behavior.

Results and Discussion

Logistic regression reveals significant associations between personality traits and suicidal ideation (e.g., Anhedonia, Suspiciousness) and behavior (e.g., Risk Taking, Depressivity). Negative Affect and Detachment are significantly linked to suicidal ideation, while Detachment, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism are linked to suicidal behavior. Internalizing personality pathology predicts both ideation and behavior, indicating a contribution to suicidal thoughts and self-destructive acts. Externalizing is a significant predictor of suicidal behavior.
Vanguard fantasies: The wealthy upper classes as politically spirited wealth elite establishment
Authors: Kantola Anu , Kuusela Hanna
Published: November 2023

To contribute to studies on upper classes’ self-justification, in this article, we aim to develop a perspective to explore how the increasingly wealthy upper classes seek to morally justify themselves in the realm of politics. Drawing on Norbert Elias’s work, we suggest that amid the current economic and technological turbulence, the wealthy upper classes form dynamic wealth elite figurations that devise shared symbolics and programmes to coordinate and justify their political interests. By drawing on 90 interviews with the top 0.1% earners in Finland, we trace how old and new money – heirs to large family businesses, high-end corporate executives and up-and-coming nouveau riche entrepreneurs – craft, in Elias’s terms, an establishment fantasy as a melange of moral goods to justify the upper classes’ political views in an egalitarian society. The fantasy serves as a banner uniting the wealthy and supporting their societal interests. In the fantasy, the top earners resemble a resolute vanguard with a reformatory programme that utilises the strong bonds of we-ness in egalitarian Nordic solidarity while simultaneously questioning the core features of the Nordic welfare model to the advantage of the wealthiest stratum.
A Hidden Ecological Dialectic: An Oversight in Insight
Authors: Ormerod Neil
Published: November 2023

While the writings of Robert Doran exhibit significant ecological awareness, the present paper argues that the corpus of Bernard Lonergan and Doran’s own work have overlooked an ecological dialectic that arises naturally from Lonergan’s approach. This article suggests there is an anthropocentric bias operating that prevents its recognition, which needs to be identified and overcome if we are to address our current ecological crises. To that end, this article identifies a double dialectic operating in the social order. The first dialectic, as identified by Lonergan and expanded by Doran, is that between intersubjectivity and practical intelligence; however, this dialectic is embedded in a second larger dialectic between the social order itself and the order of the nonhuman processes from which the social order itself emerges. The appreciation of this dialectic has been blocked by our neglect of cosmological meanings and values, as exemplified by the Indigenous peoples of our world.
Dei Verbum and the Roots of Synodality
Authors: Rush Ormond
Published: November 2023

This article shows how Pope Francis’s notion of “synodality” brings together central tenets of the comprehensive vision of the Second Vatican Council. The article proposes that the roots of synodality can be found, above all, in Vatican II’s Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation, Dei Verbum.
Associations Among Online Health Information Seeking Behaviors, Electronic Health Literacy and Food Neophobia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tian Hua , Chen Jie
Published: November 2023

Few studies have investigated whether improve electronic health (eHealth) literacy can alleviate food neophobia in university students. We explored the associations among online health information (OHI)-seeking behaviors, eHealth literacy and food neophobia. A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study of 5151 university students in China was conducted from October to December 2022. The study used Chinese versions of the eHealth literacy scale (C-eHEALS), and the food neophobia scale (FNS-C), as well as the OHI-seeking behaviors scale. Data were collected through Wenjuanxing software. Analysis of variance, t-tests, the Pearson correlation coefficient and chi-square tests were performed for data analysis. The average (SD) scores of C-eHEALS and FNS-C were 26.81 (5.83) and 38.86 (6.93), respectively. University students in China had a low C-eHEALS and a high FNS-C level, and there were significant differences between the high and low groups of C-eHEALS ( P < .001) and FNS-C ( P < .001). There was also a significant correlation between eHealth literacy and food neophobia ( P < .001), and a lower eHealth literacy level indicated a higher probability of food neophobia occurrence. University students with high FNS-C and low C-eHEALS show more OHI-seeking behaviors. When schools, communities, and parents want to alleviate students’ food neophobia, OHI-seeking training to improve eHealth literacy may be a good intervention.
Book review: Stan Swamy, I Am Not a Silent Spectator: Why Truth Has Become So Bitter, Dissent So Intolerable, Justice So Out of Reach
Authors: Das Snehashish
Published: December 2023

Stan Swamy, I Am Not a Silent Spectator: Why Truth Has Become So Bitter, Dissent So Intolerable, Justice So Out of Reach, Indian Social Institute, 2021, 118 pp., (E-book).
Decoding and Delivering Public Health
Authors: Reddy K. Srinath
Published: December 2023

Health is an essential requirement for the development and welfare of individuals as well as populations. Health is often viewed as a domain distinctively divided into two separate worlds: clinical medicine and public health. Fundamentally, clinical medicine operates with the individual as the unit of observation and intervention, while public health has the population as the unit of study and service. While the health system is charged with the prime responsibility for delivering care, it is also necessary to recognise and respect the role of the community, not merely as a beneficiary but as an active contributor to agenda-setting, implementation and monitoring. To ensure that a wide range of health services reach all entitled persons in the population, we need to design and deliver a strong Universal Health Coverage programme, which is best delivered when public financing accounts for a major portion of the health expenditure. Since health is profoundly influenced by social, economic, environmental and commercial determinants, it is imperative that these determinants are shaped to enable, rather than erode, health. Public health has emerged from the communion of medicine and social sciences. It is now a multi-disciplinary confluence of life sciences, quantitative sciences, social sciences and management sciences. Public health research must be multi-disciplinary, to assist the development and delivery of enlightened public policy through multi-sectoral pathways.
From Obsolescence to Abandonment: Exploring the Precarious Use of Cochlear Implants in India
Authors: Friedner Michele
Published: December 2023

Cochlear implants are considered the gold standard in intervening on deafness and hearing loss. However, “success” is predicated upon routine and consistent use, which in turn is predicated on the ability to maintain devices. This essay considers what happens when use is partial and precarious and asks what happens when external implant processors become obsolete. Contributing to Science and Technology Studies scholarship on obsolescence and the binary between use and nonuse, I analyzes the ongoing aftermath of a central government program in India that provides children living below the poverty line with cochlear implants. Drawing on ethnography and interviews, the article analyzes how families struggle financially and logistically to maintain devices, resulting in cycles of partial use and precarious use. Ultimately, devices become obsolete, and families cannot afford compulsory upgrades. The state and corporations claim these families abandon the devices. In contrast to this claim, the article stresses that we must examine abandonment differently, by attending to how families are abandoned by the state and corporations. Arguing that obsolescence as a concept obscures relationality and functions apolitically, the concept of abandonment is instead put forward to analyze ruptures that occur when consistent and reliable biotechnology use is no longer possible.
Orienting Care: Boris Groys, Philosophy of Care
Authors: Ross Daniel
Published: November 2023

In Philosophy of Care, Boris Groys undertakes a reading of key philosophical texts in terms of the relationship between self-care and care, as a way of trying to reinvigorate the question of health beyond its current instantiation in biopolitical life and algorithmic life. He passes through Socrates, Hegel, Nietzsche, Kojève, Bataille, Heidegger and others, culminating in Bogdanov’s distinction between egressive and degressive organization and his cosmist-immortalist dreams. The philosophy outlined by Groys is questioned here through the prism of the work of Bernard Stiegler, in particular via the distinction between labour and work, a re-reading of Hegel on the master-slave dialectic, an interpretation of the meaning of defunctionalization, and an account of the necessity of reorienting ourselves in thought so as to make possible a new economy of care, which depends on the possibility of fostering new processes of sublimation.
A role for astrocytic insulin-like growth factor I receptors in the response to ischemic insult
Authors: Suda Kentaro , Pignatelli Jaime , Genis Laura , Fernandez Ana M , de Sevilla Estrella Fernandez , de la Cruz Ines Fernandez , Pozo-Rodrigalvarez Andrea , de Ceballos Maria L , Díaz-Pacheco Sonia , Herrero-Labrador Raquel , Aleman Ignacio Torres
Published: November 2023

Increased neurotrophic support, including insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), is an important aspect of the adaptive response to ischemic insult. However, recent findings indicate that the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) in neurons plays a detrimental role in the response to stroke. Thus, we investigated the role of astrocytic IGF-IR on ischemic insults using tamoxifen-regulated Cre deletion of IGF-IR in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytes, a major cellular component in the response to injury. Ablation of IGF-IR in astrocytes (GFAP-IGF-IR KO mice) resulted in larger ischemic lesions, greater blood-brain-barrier disruption and more deteriorated sensorimotor coordination. RNAseq detected increases in inflammatory, cell adhesion and angiogenic pathways, while the expression of various classical biomarkers of response to ischemic lesion were significantly increased at the lesion site compared to control littermates. While serum IGF-I levels after injury were decreased in both control and GFAP-IR KO mice, brain IGF-I mRNA expression show larger increases in the latter. Further, greater damage was also accompanied by altered glial reactivity as reflected by changes in the morphology of GFAP astrocytes, and relative abundance of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba 1) microglia. These results suggest a protective role for astrocytic IGF-IR in the response to ischemic injury.
Application of an autotransfusion pressure control system in blood salvage
Authors: Wu Yini , He Jiaqun , Han Xin , Xu Qiaomin , Dai Hong , Wu Jimin
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of a homemade autotransfusion pressure-control system on the regulation of negative pressure and to clarify the influence of different negative pressures on the recovered erythrocytes.

Methods

Fifty patients were randomly divided into five groups, and five different suction-generated negative pressures were applied. Before suction, 6 mL of blood was collected from the surgical field; after suction, 6 mL of blood was collected from the blood storage tank. The hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, newly generated standardized plasma free hemoglobin, and change in the hemolysis rate of erythrocytes before and after suction were compared. Additionally, the erythrocyte morphology was observed.

Results

The hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly different before and after suction in all five groups. As the suction pressure increased, gradual increases were noted in the number of abnormal erythrocytes in the field of view, the newly generated standardized plasma free hemoglobin, and the change in the hemolysis rate.

Conclusions

The destruction rate of erythrocytes increased as the suction-generated negative pressure increased. When using a pressure-control system, a negative pressure of <200 mmHg should be applied to reduce the damage to the autotransfused blood.
Against Sovereignty: The Colonial Limits of Modern Politics
Authors: Salgado Pedro
Published: November 2023

The discipline of International Relations is premised upon the idea that a premodern world of empires and colonial domination was gradually replaced through the global spread of modern sovereign nation-states. Decades of decolonial scholarship and the growth of the literature on state formations have shown fundamental continuities in these ‘transitions to modernity’, which are often overlooked by the assumption that establishes the discipline. This paper questions the possibility of responding to contemporary global crises through a political framework rooted in colonial and absolutist legacies, indicating the necessity of thinking not only beyond, but against sovereignty. This is presented, first, through an engagement with the historical development of modern sovereignty and the role of the ‘nation’ in tying the legitimacy of political authority to a cultural or historical homogeneity. Second, by drawing upon the existing critiques of the nation within decolonial literature, outlining two different responses to its role in struggles for decolonial democratisation. While such a rejection of sovereignty is by no means a finished project, it is a necessary component of contemporary political action (and academic reflection) that aims to look for alternative ways of addressing the many crises of the present while abandoning the colonial legacies of our current political forms.

Contre la souveraineté : les limites coloniales de la politique moderne
Solitary Confinement, Aloneness, and Sociability in Sterne
Authors: Newbould M-C.
Published: November 2023

Laurence Sterne develops his complex approach towards solitude throughout his fictional and non-fictional writings. Ranging between A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy, Bramine's Journal, Letters from Yorick to Eliza, and Sterne's sermons, this article explores how Sterne juxtaposes the pleasures of retirement with more painful loneliness, and the opportunities that each opens up for sometimes challenging self-contemplation. Various locations stimulate Sterne's engagement with this relationship in differing ways: simply, the enjoyable solitude of country retreat contrasts with the superficial busyness of city life; but for Sterne the opportunity to attain greater self-knowledge comes through his interactions with others. Alone, he must construct imaginary forms of sociability, especially with his beloved but absent Eliza, whom he brings into a fictive conversation through his writing. In the process, the quixotism of Sterne's sentimental authorial persona leads not to a performance of feeling, but to an embrace of human frailty and hopefulness alike.
Putting occupational balance on the radar: Content validity of the 11-item Danish Occupational Balance Questionnaire
Authors: Honoré Helene , Boll Mette Lundkvist , Hansen Alice Ørts , Kristensen Hanne Kaae
Published: November 2023

Background:

Assessment of occupational balance is of clinical relevance for occupational therapists working with patients with reduced occupational performance. Clinical practice lacks validated assessment tools to measure occupational balance.

Aim:

To establish the content validity of the 11-item Danish version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ-DK) with a radar chart add-on for use in occupational therapy practice.

Materials and methods:

A convergent mixed-methods study was performed investigating content validity. Three group interviews were conducted in 3 settings with 12 occupational therapists. A deductive content analysis covered face validity, relevance, comprehensiveness and comprehensibility. The relevance of the 11 items was further assessed using a content validity index.

Results:

All items were found to be relevant to the construct of occupational balance. Even so, concerns were raised regarding content validity. The comprehensiveness was questioned regarding the coverage of the balance of meaningful occupations. Comprehensibility was questioned for 6 of the 11 items, and the response scale.

Conclusion:

Content validity was investigated. The doubts raised in relation to comprehensiveness call for new wordings or elaborate instructions to enhance constructional clarity. The response scale levels should be adapted.
Personalized Value Struggles amid Marketization: The Search for the Good among Men on the Margins of Bucharest
Authors: Pulay Gergely
Published: December 2023

In the most notorious, mixed Roma and non-Roma Romanian neighbourhood of Bucharest, structurally accumulated problems of governance turn into practical challenges that need to be tackled with the means at each person’s disposal. Under conditions of capitalist incorporation and prolonged crises on the post-socialist periphery, the main protagonists of this account—male members of an extended network of Spoitori Roma with diverse livelihoods—strive for relative independence not only from market forces but also from actors who may expose them to abuse. In this article, I reflect on personalized value struggles associated with marketization. Instead of accepting sectorial divisions between formality and informality, I show how marketization elucidates moral evaluations of being and doing good among men who hope to be or become “their own bosses” in precarious urban conditions. Distinguishing folk and analytic concepts, my analysis engages with the moral contestation of the “good” and the ambiguity of value-based human endeavours among different layers of contemporary economic life.
Pathways to Quitting E-cigarettes Among Youth and Young Adults: Evidence From the truth® Campaign
Authors: Kreslake Jennifer M. , Aarvig Kathleen , Liu Michael (Shiyang) , Vallone Donna M. , Hair Elizabeth C.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study examines the pathways through which e-cigarette users’ awareness of the truth® campaign influences e-cigarette use frequency over time.

Design and Setting

Data included four waves (2020–2023) of the Truth Longitudinal Cohort, a probability-based, nationally representative survey.

Participants

The analytic sample was 15-24-year-olds who reported current e-cigarette use at baseline (N = 718). Wave-by-wave retention rates were 64% to 69%.

Measures

Respondents’ cumulative awareness of truth® ads was calculated (Waves 1–2). Strength of agreement with campaign-targeted attitudes was measured on five-point scales (Wave 2). The outcome was change in the 4-level frequency of e-cigarette use (Waves 2–4).

Analysis

Latent growth structural equation modeling examined the pathway from cumulative ad awareness to the frequency of e-cigarette use via campaign-targeted attitudes.

Results

Model fit estimates identified a three-step pathway by which awareness of the campaign reduced e-cigarette use. Ad awareness was significantly associated with stronger campaign-targeted attitudes: perceived risk (β = .20, P < .0001); anti-vape industry (β = .13, P = .003); independence from addiction (β = .13, P = .004); and affinity with groups that reject vaping (β = .18, P < .0001). Each attitude was significantly associated with stronger perceived norms against e-cigarette use (respectively: β = .25, P < .0001; β = .15, P < .0001; β = .12, P = .018; β = .27, P < .0001). Perceived norms against e-cigarette use had a significant negative relationship with growth in e-cigarette use frequency over time (β = −.23, P < .0001).

Conclusion

Greater truth® anti-vaping ad awareness strengthens campaign-targeted attitudes among current users, increasing perceived norms against e-cigarette use and reducing use over time.
The “Best of 2023 List” of Health Promotion Researchers
Authors: Terry Paul E.
Published: November 2023

Each year the editorial team of the American Journal of Health Promotion selects our “Best of the Year List” of health promotion studies from the prior year. This editorial features the Editor’s Picks Awards, the Editor in Chief Awards, the Michael P. O’Donnell Award and the Dorothy Nyswander Award for the best research and writing published in 2023 in this journal. Our criteria for selection includes: whether the study addresses a topic of timely importance in health promotion, the research question is clearly stated and the study methods used are well executed; whether the paper is often cited and downloaded; if the study findings offer a unique contribution to the literature; and if the paper is well-written and enjoyable to read. Awardees in 2023 offered new insights into legal issues related to obesity and LGBTQ+ discrimination, the role of employers in the use of lifestyle medicine and the influence of Cannabis use on depression and suicide behaviors. This “best of 2023 list” featured studies based in communities, health systems, workplaces and schools and includes case studies and qualitative and quantitative research methods that enabled researchers to better explain what amplifies or hampers well-being.
The Agitator Supplies What the Base Demands: Trumpism Before and After Donald Trump
Authors: Smith David Norman
Published: November 2023

The fierce loyalty of Donald Trump’s base has long mystified his critics. For 8 years now, they have expressed puzzlement that his followers support him ‘despite everything’—despite his incendiary rhetoric, his misogyny, his racial prejudices, and his authoritarianism. In this paper, I argue that, in fact, Trump’s hectic agitation is precisely what his base wants. My reading of the data—including data I gathered with my collaborator, Eric Hanley, in 2016—is that Trump owes his demagogic success to the fact that he says what his followers want him to say and acts accordingly. Donald Trump, today’s agitator par excellence, supplies what his base demands. Trump, in short, is less an architect of Trumpism than its reflex. However effectively he performs in the public arena, he remains an emissary, personifying a social movement that preceded him and will survive him. And that movement, I will argue, is authoritarian in a very specific sense—driven by a wish for a domineering leader who is loyal to his partisans and hostile to their adversaries. Analytic insight into this phenomenon is drawn, below, from a range of authors, including marketing professionals and critical theorists including Erich Fromm and Theodor W. Adorno.
“Why and how higher education is so important for cultural and creative industries’ sustainable development?”
Authors: Salvador Elisa , Comunian Roberta
Published: December 2023

Considering the role played by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs), we recognize that more knowledge is needed to provide a better understanding of their relationship, collaborations and work in relation to sustainable development. The aim of this article is to highlight why and how Higher Education (HE) is key to CCIs’sustainable development. Academic research in this specific field is scarce and we aim at soliciting more attention towards this niche research sector, given the potential positive spillovers that it could originate. Through retracing the arising of interest towards the CCIs in general and recently towards sustainability issues linked to the CCIs facing the challenge of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), we show how these matters are inextricably associated to the essential role played by HE and HEIs. Thanks to the strong link between HEIs and CCIs’ sustainable development, we can expect that a sort of mimetic isomorphism process will happen in the coming years, with a choice of a strategy of imitation instead of differentiation.