bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El ‘Blanqueo del Coral’
Authors: Haddad Haddad Amal , Montero Martínez Silvia
Published: November 2020

El uso de la metáfora conceptual es un método prolífico para la creación de neologismos en el lenguaje científico. Muy a
menudo, la traducción y la transmisión conceptual de estas metáforas desde el inglés, la lingua franca, se utiliza para
crear nuevos términos en otros idiomas, entre ellos el árabe. En este trabajo, se han aplicado principios de la teoría de la Terminología
Basada en Marcos (Faber, 2012) para estudiar la metáfora conceptual del ‘blanqueo del coral’, y
para examinar las consecuencias de la transferencia desde el inglés hacia el árabe de este término y los elementos del marco subyacentes.
Todo ello permite observar el fenómeno denominado pérdida de dominio en la lengua y cultura receptoras (Bordet, 2016). Los datos se han obtenido a través de un análisis terminológico contrastivo, basado en
un corpus de textos especializados en el subdominio del cambio climático.
Translation unit and quality of translation
Authors: Qassem Mutahar
Published: November 2020

This research aims to study segmentation (i.e., translation unit (TU)) in students’ translations of cultural references and assess the translation quality, using Translog software and a translation task. This product and process-oriented research examines the same independent variable, that is, segmentation, from two angles, namely, student production and translation output. Ten female postgraduate students aged between 28 and 30 performed a computer-based translation task on cultural references. Their translations of English cultural references into Arabic revealed process and production problems (i.e., unsystematic management of translation stages, high mean TUs and time, low mean scores, and deviant translations). The study recommended student training in translation process and product management by employing innovation technological tools (e.g., Translog software and eye-tracking device). Moreover, presenting the cultural dimension should go beyond written translation materials and include audio and visual materials. Sound methodology of training should be adopted, one that draws upon the computational model of human translation, linguistic and cultural models, and models of translation quality assessment.
Sources and steps of corpus lemmatization
Authors: García Fernández Laura
Published: November 2020

This article describes the steps and results of the lemmatization of the derived anomalous verbs of Old English. The data
have been retrieved from The Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus, searched through the lexical database from the
Nerthus Project called Norna. The methodology comprises several steps combining automatic searches on
the lemmatizer and manual revision. Part of the results, including the verbs starting with the letters A to H, are compared with the
Dictionary of Old English, while the rest of the lemmas are checked with the standard Old English dictionaries
(Clark-Hall, Sweet and Bosworth-Toller). The discussion leads to the conclusion that the lemmatization of the verbs of Old English, a
language with a remarkable degree of spelling variation, requires considerable manual revision. However, the progressive improvement of
automatic searches, based on the comparison of the initial results with the available lexicographical sources, minimizes the need for manual
adjustment.
Use of translation and plurilingual practices in language learning
Authors: González-Davies Maria , Soler Ortínez David
Published: November 2020

Here we will present a pedagogical framework for the implementation of an Integrated Plurilingual Approach (IPA) to language learning that has emerged from research and observation of best practices in primary, secondary, and higher education. Researchers, teachers, and students collaborated in three interconnected projects (2012–2015; 2015–2019) whose main aims were to help teachers and learners move towards acknowledging and explicitly connecting their linguistic repertoires to reframe their current classroom practices and engage in new ones. This implied a reformulation of their pedagogical practices, including the use of translation to acquire interlinguistic, intercultural and mediation skills in contexts other than professional translator training (TOLC). Two instruments resulted: one to help the teachers transform their perceptions and, so, their performance, regarding the plurilingual paradigm, afour-phase collaborative reflective cycle; and another to guide their instructional design, thefive-dimensional instructional framework (IPA-5DIF). Some classroom examples will be presented here, with special reference to a high-complexity secondary school context (118 students, 4 teachers).
Audiovisual translation (dubbing and audio description) as a didactic tool to promote foreign language learning
Authors: Vermeulen Anna , Escobar-Álvarez María Ángeles
Published: November 2020

This empirical study focuses on the use of Spanish clitic pronouns when they function as accusative or as dative clitics in the translation tasks performed by university students of Spanish as a foreign language (SFL). The participants were 35 Belgian Dutch-speaking students of SFL (Level B2) from the Department of Translation, Interpreting and Communication of Ghent University (Belgium), who are enrolled in the Translation course. They were asked to perform two tasks: (1) to create an audio description script in Spanish, and (2) to translate the English dialogues into Spanish from a sequence taken from the filmThe Help(Taylor 2011). The written texts they produced were compared to those written by 39 Erasmus Spanish native students, who carried out the same tasks. The results showed that the Belgian students produced significantly fewer clitic pronouns, especially in the case of dative clitic doubling, than those produced by the Spanish natives. As for the differences between the two modes of audiovisual translation, the findings revealed that the Belgians produced more accurate results in the interlingual than in the intersemiotic task. The results of our study also made it clear that more attention should be paid to the use of redundant clitic pronouns in the SFL classroom.
Fabrication of microgrooves with secondary microstructures by electrical discharge machining using a functionally graded laminated electrode
Authors: Zhou Zhiwen , Wu Xiaoyu , Lei Jianguo , Hu Zuohuan , Gao Guoli , Tang Yong , Chang Chuntao
Published: November 2020

As tool electrodes of different materials have distinct electrical discharge machining (EDM) wear rates, this paper proposed a method for fabricating a surface microstructure by EDM with a laminated electrode including a functionally graded material foil. The preparation of functionally graded CuSn foils and the formation of a functionally graded laminated electrode (FGLE) were studied. Additionally, the effects of the electrical parameters and thermal diffusion temperature on the EDM results were explored. The experimental results show that after treatment with thermal diffusion at a temperature of 500 °C for 10 h, a Sn-plated Cu foil was transformed into a functionally graded CuSn foil in which the distribution of Sn was helpful to the generation of a secondary microstructure on the workpiece. After four rounds of wear-variation EDM with positive polarity under a machining voltage 200 V, a pulse width 1 μs, and a pulse interval 10 μs, a FGLE blank made of functionally graded CuSn foil and Cu foils produced a stable working surface profile. Based on the optimized process parameters, a microgroove array, a width of 370 μm and a depth of 360 μm, and complex surface microstructures were fabricated on the #304 stainless steel workpieces, each microgroove has a 75 μm high secondary microstructure.
Analysis of Mg2+/Li+ separation mechanism by charged nanofiltration membranes: visual simulation
Authors: Li Nan , Guo Changsheng , Shi Haiting , Xu Zhiwei , Xu Ping , Teng Kunyue , Shan Mingjing , Qian Xiaoming
Published: November 2020

The mechanism of the nanofiltration (NF) membrane separation of Mg2+ and Li+ needs to be further investigated, but some commonly used model theories are abstract, which makes them difficult to understand. More importantly, the relationship between the membrane charge and separation performance of Mg2+ and Li+ cannot be quantitatively analyzed. It is worth studying these challenges and providing a performance boost for Mg2+/Li+ filtration applications of NF membranes. Here, various NF membranes, with the membrane volumetric charge density increasing from −4.69 to 7.02 mol · m−3, were fabricated via interfacial polymerization. For these membranes, the separation factor S

Mg,Li
was decreased from 0.41 to 0.20. Importantly, the visual simulation results were consistent with the experimental results as a whole. The separation factor S

Mg,Li
decreased with the increase of volumetric charge density, and the minimum separation factor S

Mg,Li
of the NF membranes was 0.20 (experiment) and 0.17 (simulation), respectively. This meant that the performance of the positively charged NF membrane was not fully developed. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between the membrane charge and separation performance, and visualized the simulation of the NF membrane filtration and separation.
Non-invasive characterization of the pigment’s palette used on the painted tomb slabs at Paestum archaeological site
Authors: Alberghina M. F. , Germinario C. , Bartolozzi G. , Bracci S. , Grifa C. , Izzo F. , La Russa M.F. , Magrini D. , Massa E. , Mercurio M. , Mollica Nardo V. , Oddo M.E. , Pagnotta S. M. , Pelagotti A. , Ponterio R. C. , Ricci P. , Rovella N. , Ruffolo S. A. , Schiavone S. , Spagnuolo A. , Vetromile C. , Zuchtriegel G. , Lubritto C.
Published: November 2020

A scientific interdisciplinary team promoted an integrated archaeometric study of selected frescoed tombs within a project funded by Archaeological Museum of Paestum (Capaccio, Salerno, southern Italy). By using a multi-disciplinary approach, a comparative study of the pigments used on the representative painted slab tombs was carried out with the aim of identifying specific markers and unveiling the new features of the executive techniques. The investigated tombs, displayed at the museum or stored in the deposits, come from Hellenistic and Lucan necropolis. The preliminary investigation here discussed involved several nondestructive analytical techniques (IRR, UV fluorescence, VIL, FORS, ER-FTIR, Raman and XRF). This multi-analytical research was applied on the pictorial surface of the following frescoed tombs: the well-known Tomb of the Diver from Tempa del Prete necropolis; the Tomb of the Palmettes from Arcioni necropolis; the tombs T314 and T210 from Gaudo necropolis; the tombs T6, T23, T21, T76, T20, T11, T12 from Andriuolo necropolis and the tombs T109 and T110 from Santa Venera necropolis, were investigated. The archaeometric results shed light on some markers of a local artisanal tradition developed in the Greek colony of Paestum around 500-475 BC.
Conservation and Characterization of Arabic Papyrus in Egyptian National Library and Archives, Egypt
Authors: Mohamed A. , Nel P. , Wahba W. , Kamel A. , Sloggett R.
Published: November 2020

An Arabic Papyrus sheet stored at the Egyptian National Library and Archives was previously placed on unknown secondary support, and interleaved between two glass sheets enclosed with adhesive tape. This papyrus has various deterioration issues especially in the upper section where there is a large embedded stain causing the papyrus to stick to the secondary support and the glass sheet. Conservation treatments conducted involved cleaning, fibre alignment and rehousing, scientific investigations including visible light microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) were conducted to identify materials involved. A lack of information in the historical records about the excavation and previous conservation treatments increase the importance of the research. The analysis showed that the secondary support is gelatine and Arabic text was written in carbon ink. The gelatine support was successfully removed from the papyrus and the papyrus document was re -housed.
Integrated survey procedures: a methodological approach for documentation and representation applied to Emilia-Romagna theatres
Authors: Marcello Balzani , Suppa Martina
Published: November 2020

After the earthquake that struck the Emilia-Romagna Region in 2012, the need to activate efficient procedures for heritage conservation emerged. This paper presents a procedure for the integrated documentation of cultural heritage, starting from the current evaluation procedures, standards and tools for surveying seismic damage, namely the Form A (churches) and Form B (palaces) forms used by MiBAC (Ministry for Cultural Heritage). By adopting current tools, several information and details related to the historical, geo-morphological, stratified and structural data are lost. Starting from ongoing PhD research coordinated by the DIAPReM Centre of the University of Ferrara in collaboration with the Agenzia per la Ricostruzione dell’Emilia-Romagna-Sisma 2012, this contribution aims to deepen integrated survey procedures and management of digital tools. This contribution presents the overall methodological approach and a possible application on the Teatro Borgatti in Cento, Ferrara. Therefore, analysing the current scenario and State of the Art, a preliminary assessment of multilevel interpretation of damaged heritage will be illustrated as well as a possible management of seismic risk developing an interoperable and integrated BIM platform.
Sustainable lighting for cultural heritage: a pilot study for evaluating the exhibits’ display inside historical buildings.
Authors: Salvadori G , Maccheroni D , Tambellini G
Published: November 2020

Lighting cultural heritage is a complex task that requires considering the conservation needs of the exhibits and visitors’ visual comfort. However, these needs are often in contrast. In addition, whenever the exhibitions are displayed inside historical buildings, the task further complicates, as lighting designers must face and respect the architectural character of the host building. They have two mean of work: static and dynamic analysis. The former uses the Daylight Factor (DF) while the latter requires a prolonged and expensive measurement campaign. Both analyses present advantages and shortcomings: the DF approach is easy and fast, but it implies many oversimplifications whereas the annual approach provides accurate results but is time and money-consuming. In this paper the authors analyse a case study with both methods. The case study is the Cetacea’s Gallery of the Charterhouse of Calci (PI). The findings of this research demonstrate that the annual approach is preferable, despite its costs, and that the static approach should be used just for first instances analyses. The research pointed out the necessity of a standardized procedure of evaluation that would allow lighting designers to confront possible interventions and find the most adequate to solve the conservation and comfort issues of the case in exam.
Virtual Reality bridge between Chemistry and Cultural Heritage: the “Sala degli Stemmi” Case Study.
Authors: Martino M , Lazzari F , Tasinato N , Barone V
Published: November 2020

In this contribution, we present a multiscale and multidisciplinary VR architecture that aims at creating a common environment where cultural heritage and chemistry meet in order to strengthen the role already played by chemistry in the process of restoration of cultural goods. Our aim is to create a user friendly platform where experts of both fields can share data and ideas in a direct way, in order to achieve deeper insights into cultural goods combining the scientific and historical points of view. As a case study we present the 3D reconstruction of the “Sala degli Stemmi”, which is one of the two historical rooms at Palazzo della Carovana in Pisa, presenting a number of artworks that underwent a process of chemical analysis and restoration in 2012. The whole architecture has been developed using the Unity game engine, and it is usable with HTC Vive headsets. The implementation of the VR environment and the potential applications, from both the scientific and educational points of view, are discussed in some detail.
Applications of Non-Destructive Techniques in the study of a Caribbean historic timber house
Authors: Flores Sasso Virginia , Prieto Vicioso Esteban , Fernandez Flores Gabriela , Carreras Rivery Raquel
Published: November 2020

The aims of this research is to analysis a Caribbean historic timber house using nondestructive techniques (NDT). The high cultural and historic value that have the timber buildings in the Caribbean and the necessity to preserve them as intact as possible, make NDTs to gain importance at the moment to selected the method to preserver and assess a historical structures in order to survive damages arising from several reasons including damaged by time. The selected techniques concern the measurement of some physical/mechanical properties and condition. The NDT analyses have been grouped under four major: visual inspection, optical, ultrasound, and electromagnetic. For analysis was used: Rinntech Resistograph model R650-ED, FLIR System model T420 for Infrared thermography (IRT), ARBOTOM for tomography, Electrical Resistance Measuring (ERM) with DELMHORST BD-2100 pin moisture meter (Protimeter) and MASTERGRIP Digital Thermometer with Laser for superficial temperature. These techniques can be applied “in situ”, without destroying the heritage and do not require to take big samples. Also, are the most appropriate tool for the evaluation the structure, materials and decorative elements of Cultural heritage.
A Cultural Heritage Experience for Visually Impaired People
Authors: Lo Valvo Alice , Garlisi Domenico , Giarr´e Laura , Croce Daniele , Giuliano Fabrizio , Tinnirello Ilenia
Published: November 2020

In recent years, we have assisted to an impressive advance of computer vision algorithms, based on image processing and artificial intelligence. Among the many applications of computer vision, in this paper we investigate on the potential impact for enhancing the cultural and physical accessibility of cultural heritage sites. By using a common smartphone as a mediation instrument with the environment, we demonstrate how convolutional networks can be trained for recognizing monuments in the surroundings of the users, thus enabling the possibility of accessing contents associated to the monument itself, or new forms of fruition for visually impaired people. Moreover, computer vision can also support autonomous mobility of people with visual disabilities, for identifying pre-defined paths in the cultural heritage sites, and reducing the distance between digital and real world.
BIM for built cultural heritage: the case of the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence.
Authors: Bianchini Carlo , Potestà Giorgia
Published: November 2020

Whenever an operator approaches the three-dimensional modeling of an architectural object, he always must compose together a series of simple elements. This logic of additive and hierarchical composition finds an excellent application in BIM processes for built heritage, where the operator is called upon not only to compose the architectural elements together but also to break down the architecture by investigating its parts and mutual links. The main difference between the BIM model for new buildings and the existing one lies above all in the concept of the ideal model. In fact, while for the new building the model proceeds from a project and gradually develops with it, in the historical building the only starting point is the current state of the building, told through the surveys and documentation. It is necessary to model an as is, that starts from historical and bibliographic research in the first place, and which is supported by the survey and diagnostic analyses that account for the structure beyond the skin of the building, investigated by the numerical models. Once the model has been created, it can always be implemented with new information coming from further analysis and represent not only the current state of conservation of the artefact but also consider the different evolutions over time. In this context, the proposed research describes the BIM modeling process applied to the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence, trying to clarify the terminologies used in this application and defining an application methodology by stages, based on the decomposition and reconstruction of historical architecture.
The soundscape in cultural heritage
Authors: Bartalucci Chiara , Luzzi Sergio
Published: November 2020

Soundscape analysis started to be a research field in the late sixties and received significant attention by researchers in the last twenty years. Experts in community noise and environmental acoustics and, more recently, policy makers and practitioners show interest for soundscapes, due to its multidisciplinary approach focusing on how people actually experience their acoustic environments in different indoor and outdoor environments. In 2014 the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) officially defined Soundscape as “acoustic environment as perceived or experienced and/or understood by people, in context”. The peculiarity of the Soundscape approach is that it firstly relies upon human perception and then turns to physical assessment. The study of the soundscape related to cultural heritage is a subject not yet very widespread and deeply investigated by researchers and designers. In this paper, after an introduction about the general soundscape concept and approach, its connection with quiet areas is addressed. Moreover, existing methodologies to deal with the soundscape of cultural heritage are reported, together with the recent trend of archiving sounds considered to be disappeared or lost in memory, to enhance them as the cultural heritage of our society.
Community-based behaviour towards Affordances in Conservation of Hanoi Old Quarter in the Vietnam context
Authors: Minh Hung Ngo
Published: November 2020

The 36 Old Street Quarter is a downtown area of Hanoi City, which has over 1000 years old and contains such traces of history and architecture. The grid structure gives it a significant character that is a part of the local heritage facing phenomenon of replacing settings of ancient spaces, stoning the streets and concretizing old buildings due to anti-conservative interplay from its users. Therefore, this paper examines the user’s behaviour in optimizing different settings of Hanoi Old Quarter (HOQ) towards conservation efforts. Theoretically, the research was conducted by making use of ‘affordances’ terminology of Gibson (1986/1979) to understand interactions between the spatial settings and its user. Methodologically, the purposeful method of local people and layout-based sketch of the blocks, and analysed images of outdoor and shared places have been employed for three survey sites respectively. The results of community-based behaviours, its patterns and ‘verb-ability’ are fundamental factor to develop ground-up programs on urban and architectural conservation in the Vietnam’s contextualisation.
Disasters and Cultural Heritage: planning for prevention, emergency management and risk reduction
Authors: Grazia De Paoli Rosa , Di Miceli Enrica , Giuliani Francesca
Published: November 2020

The need to investigate the topic of risk management of cultural heritage and to work on the regulatory framework relating to its protection and enhancement become even more urgent in light of the recent seismic events that hit the Italian territory. The current emergency planning methods against natural or human-induced hazards have proven to be deficient. Reflecting on the way we normally conceive the cultural assets, the question is not only how to protect our heritage, but how to shift our perception to conceive it as a positive asset, and not only a responsibility. Cultural heritage is not only a document of the identity of a community and a territory, but it can also be the keystone for reconstruction and building resilience to disasters. Starting from this awareness, this paper introduces a methodology for the analysis heritage sites aiming at proposing risk reduction strategies that consider the participatory dialogue between different professional figures. The approach is based on the consolidated methodological framework identified by UNESCO, ICCROM and ICOMOS. The study entails a preliminary evaluation of the most hazardous events, threats and risks that can impact on the heritage values. By considering a worst-case scenario, the procedure allows for modelling and stressing the post-event resilience of the site or cultural asset under consideration. The results of the investigation highlight the potential of this procedure in practical terms. In fact, its adaptability to different scales and contexts responds to the common need of a rapid, integrated methodology for risk assessment. Finally, the paper discusses the current prevention policies involving cultural heritage, focusing on the need to balance conservation and active protection issues to those of safety.
Natural biocides and bio-calcite: innovative tools for cultural heritage
Authors: Scrano L. , Laviano R. , Salzano G. , Santacroce M. , De Franchi S.A. , Baranek J. , Bufo S.A.
Published: November 2020

Lithic artworks as churches, historical buildings and every usage object are our precious cultural heritage, memory of our past history step needed to build present and future. These artistic heritages with morphological, chemical and physical properties totally dissimilar make they a “unicum”, characterized by a specific vulnerability. Their decay is unavoidable, but it is a challenge for the humankind to protect and preserve them. Thus far, solutions for the safeguard of cultural heritage are usually based on chemical procedures to remove biodeteriogen agents, but these substances can be hazardous to the environment, to public health and to stone materials itself because it is not known about the consequences of repeated applications. Then the restoration methods require innovative approaches, eco-friendly and not harmful to human beings and the environment. Aiming at this objective a deeply study on two rupestrian churches located in Matera (Italy) was carried out in order to prevent and/or control microbial and biological evolution, and to exploit the potential of some bacterial species in the interventions of stone consolidation. Surface analyses of detached rocks to evaluate the (i) stone composition, (ii) isolation and characterization of biological and (iii) microbial colonizers present on the stone surfaces were formerly performed.

In vitro bioactivity test against autotrophic/heterotrophic species isolated was carried out using secondary metabolites extracted from cultivated crops and spontaneous herbs with a strong biocidal activity (extracts from Solanum nigrum, Volutaria lippii, Moricandia arvensis, Pulicaria inuloides). Finally, calcinogenic activity tests employing native bacteria (Bacillus strains) isolated on stone surfaces of the two churches constitute the conclusive research step. Glycoalkaloids inhibited all bacterial strains tested. Some strains of Bacillus to produce the greatest amount of crystals, coherent with the stone substrate, was evidenced. This research highlights the opportunity to change the way of thinking and performing recovery actions for cultural heritage. Not last-minute remediation but continuous monitoring and time by time actions to avoid the formation of aggressive colonisations.
Microclimatic monitoring for book heritage preservation in historic buildings: preliminary investigation on “Sala del Dottorato” in Palazzo Murena, Perugia, Italy
Authors: Moretti Elisa , Sciurpi Fabio , Stamponi Ettore , Fiore Monica
Published: November 2020

In order to ensure the proper conservation of the book heritage, the hygrothermal conditions of the rooms where the books are stored must respect precise ranges of temperature and relative humidity. The paper deals with the study and the optimization of the conservation conditions of the book heritage in historic buildings by a case stud y, namely “Sala del Dottorato”. This room is one of the University of Perugia most exquisite rooms, because of its decorations and the presence of rare and ancient books (27 incunabula; the oldest piece of the collection is an edition of St. Augustine, De Civitate Dei, printed in 1470). The room is located on the first floor of Palazzo Murena and it was originally the monastery library. From the Sixties and up to a few years ago, the room hosted the discussions of PhD final thesis, while now is used to host the most representative meetings of the University. This involves the presence of a significant number of people for a brief period of time, causing the alteration of the environmental parameters. The present study was carried out by an experimental campaign (temperature, relative humidity, CO2) aimed to understand the microclimatic critical issues in order to develop a permanent monitoring system; this system should notify when the microclimatic conditions are out of the range for conservation and people comfort, giving information about the possible actions to restore the correct environmental conditions.
Image enhancement comparison to improve underwater cultural heritage survey
Authors: Malinverni E S , Cerrano C , Pantaleo U , Andreola C , Paolanti M , Chiappini S , Pierdicca R
Published: November 2020

This work aims at presenting an underwater image application to obtain an improved 3D model of cultural assets. In 2016, more than 500 images were acquired by a GoPro Camera with a low resolution of 72 dpi and focal length of 3 mm, without flash and are now used to reconstruct the 3D model of some amphoras of a Roman shipwreck found in Albenga (Italy). We have applied state-of-art image enhancement techniques, such as ACE, CLAHE, LAB and SP algorithms, to improve the quality of underwater images affected by low contrast, poor visibility conditions, not uniform lighting, colour variations, noise and blur effect. The visual quality has been evaluated through quantitative metrics, like average luminance, information entropy, average gradient of image, UCIQE and UIQM. Then, our efforts have been devoted to the dense 3D point cloud generation using a SfM-MVS software. In particular, the 3D reconstruction results are in line with the metric evaluation: in fact, the more accurate 3D objects are obtained from that enhanced dataset with the highest measured image quality.
Use of the sensors of a latest generation mobile phone for the three-dimensional reconstruction of an archaeological monument: the survey of the Intihuatana stone in Machu Picchu (Peru’)
Authors: Baiocchi V , Del Pizzo S , Pugliano G , Onori M , Robustelli U , Troisi S , Vatore F , León Trujillo F J
Published: November 2020

The survey of archaeological monuments presents particular needs and difficulties. Such surveys must in fact be as complete, geometrically correct and accurately geo-referenced as possible. These needs, however, often face problems of difficult accessibility, the need for rapid timing and complex logistical conditions. The latest generation of mobile phones are equipped with ultra-high resolution cameras up to 100 megapixel. Although they do not have the geometric characteristics of professional cameras, they can be used advantageously for the reconstruction of three-dimensional models using Structure from Motion methodologies . At the same time, the latest mobile phones are equipped with GPS/GNSS chips that allow a postprocessing of their positioning allowing to reach decimetric/centimetric accuracies. The use of sensors integrated in a mobile phone greatly simplify the survey both in terms of transportability but also in terms of authorizations by the competent authorities as the equipment is exactly the same that most tourists who visit the sites themselves bring with them. The approach proposed and made possible by these combined features in a latest generation mobile phone have been tested for a rapid survey of the Intihuatana stone in Machu Picchu (Peru), a site with considerable logistical and organizing complexity.
A Multi-Hazard Platform for Cultural Heritage at Risk: The STORM Risk Assessment and Management Tool
Authors: Ravankhah M , Chliaoutakis A , Revez M J , de Wit R , Argyriou A V , Anwar A , Heeley J , Birkmann J , Sarris A , Žuvela-Aloise M
Published: November 2020

In response to the adverse effects of natural hazards and climate change threats on cultural heritage, a methodology of risk assessment and management was developed and applied to five pilot sites: the Historical Centre of Rethymno in Greece, the Mellor Heritage Project in the United Kingdom, the Roman Ruins of Tróia in Portugal, the Baths of Diocletian in Italy, and the Ancient City of Ephesus in Turkey. According to the methodology, a practical and easy-to-use tool was implemented to help the end-users in managing the impacts of natural hazards and climate change on their cultural heritage sites. The tool comprises three major phases: Site Hazard Assessment, Risk Assessment, and Risk Management Strategies. It assists site managers and experts to identify sudden- and slow-onset natural hazards and climate change threats and to assess their corresponding risks to different areas of the pilot sites. The tool is linked to a web-GIS service, which is capable of providing hazard and risk information and maps for each pilot site. The module Risk Management Strategies enables the user to define risk treatment strategies and associated measures in response to each hazard. Overall, the tool facilitates a shared understanding of the risk data and maps among the multiple stakeholders engaged in the protection of cultural heritage sites to enable a more effective decision-making process.
A novel tool for assessing microbiomes in cultural heritage documents
Authors: Giorgio Righetti Pier , Zilberstein Gleb , Zilberstein Svetlana
Published: November 2020

This mini-review reports a novel way for exploring the world Cultural Heritage, in the absence of damage or contamination of the items under investigation, called the EVA technique. It is based on films of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) impregnated with strong anion and cation exchangers and hydrophobic resins, C8 and C18. When in contact with any surface these films can harvest nano-moles of macromolecules as well as metabolites, which can then be identified by standard instrumentation (e.g. mass spectrometry). Some applications related to microbial contaminations are reported, such as the findings of Koch bacterium in Chekhov’s shirt and in a letter by Orwell to a Russian journal editor as well as the Y. pestis and anthrax bacteria in the death registries of Milan’s lazaretto in the 1630 plague bout. Novel findings are offered too, such as the identifications of three different strains of Aspergillus in the Aleppo Codex and the detection of melanin (produced by A. niger) in the Dead Sea Scrolls. It is hoped that the present methodology could open the doors of museums, state archives and private collections for detecting biological traces left by artists, literates and men of culture in their masterpieces.
Influence of marine corrosion on the roughness of MAG welded joint surfaces
Authors: Florescu S N , Gheonea M C , Mihailescu D , Teodor V
Published: November 2020

The study presents in the first part the behavior of the EH 36 steel with the thickness of 10 mm to MAG mechanized welding of butt-welded joints from the naval field, destructive and non-destructive testing for all welded samples. Furthermore, corrosion of the marine environment is analyzed by the electrochemical method. The study is completed with the corrosion influence on the roughness of the welded joints surfaces and conclusions.
Research on the optimization of stress relief holes applied in blanks used for body-in-white stamping parts with complex asymmetrical shapes
Authors: Mihaila F
Published: November 2020

Increasing the degree of deformation when stamping body-in-white parts with complex asymmetrical shapes can be achieved by optimizing the discharge holes in the flange of the blank. For this purpose, the numerical simulation of the deep-drawing process with finite element is used. Considering the circular shape of the unloading hole, the expanded shape of this hole is determined using the FEM, taking into account the safety limit given by the final shape of the stamped part. To check that the deformation that occurs at the edge of the expanded hole not cause cracks in the part the area with deformations whose values exceed the permissible limit is delimited. The arc that stretches this area along the contour of the expanded hole is divided into a convenient number of equal segments. The points at the end of each segment are then translated on the edge of unloading hole by measuring the distances between these points on the expanded blank hole. Using a mathematical modelling of the allocated points on the contour of the unloading orifice, the corrected shape of this orifice is determined, which is perforated in the flat blank.
Regression functions for determining the expression of surface Roughness at plane grinding of ceramic
Authors: Bulea H
Published: November 2020

The aim of the work is to determine, through mathematical modelling using regression functions, the dependency expression between the surface roughness Ra at grinding with diamond wheels of aluminum oxide ceramic (Al2O3) for plain grinding with longitudinal advance, and the values of the grinding processing.
Creating an ethernet communication between a Simatic S7-1200 PLC and Arduino Mega for an omnidirectional mobile platform and industrial equipment
Authors: Marosan A I , Constantin G , Barsan A , Crenganis M , Girjob C
Published: November 2020

The degree of automation in the industry increases more and more every year, trying to reduce more and more or even eliminate the collaboration with the human operator. The basis of all automatic industrial equipment is PLCs. This paper presents a method of extending the number of inputs and outputs of a Siemens Simatic S7-1200 PLC, using an Arduino Mega development board and an Ethernet communication. Following the realization of this communication, the number of inputs and outputs will increase considerably, being able to connect various sensors used for the construction of an omnidirectional mobile platform, but also for equipment for industry. The advantages of using this communication are multiple, both from a financial point of view and from the point of view of the flexibility and integration of robotic systems in industrial equipment.
Conceptual solutions for digital hydraulic pumps
Authors: Drumea P , Dumitrescu I C , Al Hristea M
Published: November 2020

One of the methods by which specialists in the field of hydraulic drives try to increase the efficiency of the systems is the use of digital hydraulics. Digital hydraulics is a system with one or more digital components that actively controls the output of the system. One of the basic elements of such a system is the digital hydraulic pump. The first proposed and recognized variant was the one with digital pumping element; from this solution, it was possible to produce digital hydraulic pumps on an industrial scale. In this article we present some solutions regarding the creation of digital hydraulic pumps starting from several fixed flow hydraulic pumps that can ensure the variation of the flow through a special selection of them. The displacement of each pump is different and chosen taking into account the binary criterion. The article gives an overview of several such systems developed within the institute.
The impact of x-ray incident angle on indirect fluoroscopy skin dose estimation
Authors: Chen Quan , Zhang Jie
Published: November 2020

Indirect dosimetry to calculate peak skin dose (PSD) is generally based on reference air kerma or kerma-area-product, with effects of table attenuation, inverse square law and backscatter factor applied. When the incident x-ray beam angle changes, these factors would change as well. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of incident x-ray beam angle on the accuracy of indirect PSD calculation and develop a correction method. Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to assist analytical equation derivation and to validate the developed analytical method. Direct PSD measurements were performed a Siemens Artis Zee biplane fluoroscopy and a GE OEC C-Arm at different angles to validate the proposed correction method and its independence of fluoroscopy systems. Compared with MC simulated PSD, the derived analytical equation successfully predicts these PSD changes for incident angles of 0, 15, 30 and 40 degrees, with the residual error magnitude of 0.3%–3.1% corresponding to different SSDs. The agreement between calculated PSD also agrees well with direct measurement.
On calculation of the average linear energy transfer for radiobiological modelling
Authors: Vassiliev Oleg N
Published: November 2020

Applying the concept of linear energy transfer (LET) to modelling of biological effects of charged particles usually involves calculation of the average LET. To calculate this, the energy distribution of particles is characterized by either the source spectrum or fluence spectrum. Also, the average can be frequency- or dose-weighted. This makes four methods of calculating the average LET, each producing a different number. The purpose of this note is to describe which of these four methods is best suited for radiobiological modelling. We focused on data for photons (x-rays and gamma radiation) because in this case differences in the four averaging methods are most pronounced. However, our conclusions are equally applicable to photons and hadrons. We based our arguments on recently emerged Monte Carlo data that fully account for transport of electrons down to very low energies comparable to the ionization potential of water. We concluded that the frequency average LET calculated using the fluence spectrum has better predictive power than does that calculated using any of the other three options. This optimal method is not new but is different from those currently dominating research in this area.
A point defect model for YBa2Cu3O7 from density functional theory
Authors: Murphy Samuel T
Published: November 2020

The advent of high temperatures superconductors (HTS) will enable the development of compact fusion reactors capable of delivering large quantities of low carbon energy. However, the inside of a fusion reactor is a hostile environment and bombardment by high energy neutrons will alter the microstructure of constituent materials, including the HTS in the magnets. Key to understanding the evolution of a material’s microstructure when subjected to neutron irradiation is knowledge of the defect population in the starting material. Therefore, this work uses density functional theory (DFT) simulations, combined with simple thermodynamics, to create a point defect model that enables prediction of the types and concentrations of defects present in a model HTS, YBa2Cu3O7, under a range of fabrication conditions. The simulations predict that the defect chemistry of YBa2Cu3O7 is dominated by oxygen defects, predominantly vacancies, in agreement with prior experimental observations. Interestingly, the simulations predict that the exchange of Y and Ba atoms is the second lowest energy defect process in YBa2Cu3O7 after the oxygen Frenkel process. Furthermore, the point defect model shows that any cation non-stoichiometry will also be accommodated via antiste defects rather than either vacancies or interstitials. Overall, these results suggest that future fusion magnets will contain a high concentration of oxygen and cation antisite defects and that these must be considered in future studies of the evolution of HTS materials under irradiation.
Calcium spikes accompany cleavage furrow ingression and cell separation during fission yeast cytokinesis
Authors: Poddar Abhishek , Sidibe Oumou , Ray Aniruddha , Chen Qian
Published: November 2020

Calcium rises transiently at the division plane during cytokinesis of embryonic cells, but the conservation and function of such calcium transients remain unclear. We discovered similar calcium spikes during fission yeast cytokinesis, and demonstrated that calcium promotes contractile ring constriction and daughter cell integrity.
Criticism Against Itself
Authors: Crane Gregg
Published: November 2020

A prominent strand of literary criticism today assumes that literature as literature is not significant enough to merit critical scrutiny. Instead of attending to the features that distinguish literature from everyday expression, this criticism values literature for its closeness to and reflection of life. Different as they might appear in their subject matter and approach, Character, The Disposition of Nature, and None Like Us share this “literature-as-life” orientation. In Character, Toril Moi, Rita Felski, and Amanda Anderson remind us of the pleasures of identification, embracing the layperson’s native inclination to consider “characters as objects of identification, sources of emotional response, or agents of moral vision and behavior” (4). Blending life writing with cultural criticism, Stephen Best uses his own narrative to attempt to rewrite the “‘traumatic model of black history’ in which the present is merely an endless, Oedipal repetition of slavery and Jim Crow” (6). Instead of the presence of an identity founded on this never-ending circuit of remembrance and despair, Best wants to dwell in impossibility, contradiction, paradox, and in-betweenness. Jennifer Wenzel’s study, The Disposition of Nature, blends paraphrases of literary representations of real-world environmental problems with references to political and cultural theories and to historical and journalistic accounts. In Wenzel’s case studies on such things as the story of oil extraction in the Niger Delta, the lifelikeness of literature engenders a meditative kind of outrage and skepticism. Given the fact that literary critics are no more expert in life than are their readers, the literature-as-life orientation shared by these authors leads to a kind of critical self-destruction.