bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mixed methods evaluation of Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) and Basic Life Support in Obstetrics (BLSO) in a resource-limited setting on the Thailand-Myanmar border
Authors: McGready Rose , Rijken Marcus J. , Turner Claudia , Than Hla Hla , Tun Nay Win , Min Aung Myat , Hla Sophia , Wai Nan San , Proux Kieran , Min Thaw Htway , Gilder Mary Ellen , Sneddon Anne
Published: May 2021

Background: Short emergency obstetric care (EmOC) courses have demonstrated improved provider confidence, knowledge and skills but impact on indicators such as maternal mortality and stillbirth is less substantial. This manuscript evaluates Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) and Basic Life Support (BLSO) as an adult education tool, in a protracted, post-conflict and resource-limited setting.

Methods: A mixed methods evaluation was used. Basic characteristics of ALSO and BLSO participants and their course results were summarized. Kirkpatrick’s framework for assessment of education effectiveness included: qualitative data on participants’ reactions to training (level 1); and quantitative health indicator data on change in the availability and quality of EmOC and in maternal and/or neonatal health outcomes (level 4), by evaluation of the post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) related maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and stillbirth rate in the eight years prior and following implementation of ALSO and BLSO.

Results: 561 Thailand-Myanmar border health workers participated in ALSO (n=355) and BLSO (n=206) courses 2008-2020. Pass rates on skills exceeded 90% for both courses while 50% passed the written ALSO test. Perceived confidence significantly improved for all items assessed. In the eight-year block preceding the implementation of ALSO and BLSO (2000-07) the PPH related MMR per 100,000 live births was 57.0 (95%CI 30.06-108.3)(9/15797) compared to 25.4 (95%CI 11.6-55.4)(6/23620) eight years following (2009-16), p=0.109. After adjustment, PPH related maternal mortality was associated with birth before ALSO/BLSO implementation aOR 3.825 (95%CI 1.1233-11.870), migrant (not refugee) status aOR 3.814 (95%CI 1.241-11.718) and attending ≤four antenatal consultations aOR 3.648 (95%CI 1.189-11.191). Stillbirth rate per 1,000 total births was 18.2 (95%CI 16.2-20.4)(291/16016) before the courses, and 11.1 (95%CI 9.8-12.5)(264/23884) after, p=0.038. Birth before ALSO/ BLSO implementation was associated with stillbirth aoR 1.235 (95%CI 1.018-1.500).

Conclusions: This evaluation suggests ALSO and BLSO are sustainable, beneficial, EmOC trainings for adult education in protracted, post-conflict, resource-limited settings.
ЦЕННОСТНЫЕ ОРИЕНТАЦИИ ОРДИНАТОРОВ КАК ОСНОВА ИХ ДЕОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ
Authors: Averin Vyacheslav V. , Zinkevich Elena R. , Kulbakh Olga S.
Published: May 2021

Обоснование. Современная российская социальная ситуация характеризуется выраженным вниманием к человеку, что вызывает необходимость своевременного изучения особенностей ценностных ориентаций ординаторов, выступающих основой их деонтологической культуры. В 2019-2020 гг. в Санкт-Петербургском государственном педиатрическом медицинском университете на факультете послевузовского и дополнительного профессионального образования состоялось исследование,  посвященное изучению заявленной проблемы.
Цель исследования. Изучение иерархии ценностных ориентаций специалистов, осваивающих образовательную программу в ординатуре.
Материалы и методы. В исследовании участвовали 155 ординаторов первого курса, из них: 60 мужчин и 95 женщин. Средний возраст респондентов – 25 лет. Продолжительность исследования, включая подготовку, организацию тестирования, анализ данных, составила полгода.
Исследование осуществлялось с разрешения этического комитета ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет». Каждый участник подписывал стандартную форму согласия на участие в тестировании с использованием методики М. Рокича.
Оценка полученных результатов осуществлялась посредством факторного анализа (метод главных компонент с вращением Varimax).
Результаты. По завершению исследования удалось сформировать представление об иерархии ценностных ориентаций врачей, обучающихся в ординатуре.  
Заключение. Полученные результаты послужили источником переосмысления дидактических подходов к организации образовательного процесса, усиления в нем аксиологической составляющей, способствующей формированию ценностных ориентаций, становлению деонтологической культуры специалистов в области здравоохранения.
Organizational and Methodological Features of Tax Audit
Authors: Egorova Irina
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the organization of tax audit, as well as to certain methodological aspects of its implementation (including the formation of working documents for the collection of audit evidence).
Audit of Stocks in the Context of a Pandemic
Authors: Fazulyanova Zulfiya
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the main areas of inventory audit in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, the features of remote audit, the possibility of the auditor's participation in remote inventory.
Particularities of Conduct of the Management Account on Small Enterprise
Authors: Polenova S.
Published: May 2021

The article considers separate questions of the building, organizations and conduct of the management account on small enterprise in condition of insufficiency of the demand, uncertainties, instability, difficulties of the reception credit resource.
Professional and Personal Quality of a Modern Worker and Pedagogical Means of His Development in the Process of Advanced Training
Authors: Kozhevnikov O. , Panasyuk V.
Published: May 2021

The article examines modern trends in the labor market, the problems of advanced training of workers in the context of changing technologies, organization of production. The importance and relevance, from the point of view of the professional and personal quality of modern workers, the formation and development of their personal properties and characteristics in the process of advanced training, ensuring a successful career, high quality of work, is noted.
The Model of Formation of a Stochastic Worldview of High School Students in the Context of the Digitalization of Mathematics Education
Authors: Lykova Kseniya
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the stochastic worldview of high school students. Stochastic world outlook lays the landmarks of creative and practical activities, helps to create favorable conditions for development of intellectual potential of a pupil.

Digitalization in education determines the dominant nature of both the active use of modern methods, tools and technologies of education, and the formation of students' digital skills, training in data processing and analysis, which is closely related to the teaching of stochastics and indicates the relevance of research. In this regard, the untapped potential of stochasticity is greater than any other field of knowledge. Widely used probabilistic-statistical methods contribute to the study of variability and complexity of political, economic, social processes. In this regard, a model of formation of stochastic worldview of high school students in the conditions of digitalization of mathematical education is developed. This model is a set of educational and digital information content, which gives the results of the educational process a new quality of education, allows you to realize the integrity of the worldview, values and motivational constructs, creates the necessary conditions under which it becomes possible to generate knowledge by students themselves based on self-development and self-actualization, their active and productive creativity.
Small animal Review
Authors: Wright Ian
Published: May 2021

In this month's Small Animal Review we summarise three papers from other Veterinary journals, focusing on the field of parasitology. The first paper looks at the potential of isoxazolines for treating ectoparasites in degus. The second considers the prevalence of Leishmania in stray cats in Spain and the third describes a case of meningioencephalitis in a dog imported into the UK infected with Ehrlichia canis.
Meaningful values in the Forgotten Joint Score after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Clement Nick D. , Scott Chloe E. H. , Hamilton David F. , MacDonald Deborah , Howie Colin R.
Published: May 2021

Aims

The aim of this study was to identify the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), minimal important change (MIC), minimal detectable change (MDC), and patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) threshold in the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) according to patient satisfaction six months following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

During a one-year period 484 patients underwent a primary TKA and completed preoperative and six-month FJS and OKS. At six months patients were asked, “How satisfied are you with your operated knee?” Their response was recorded as: very satisfied, satisfied, neutral, dissatisfied, or very dissatisfied. The difference between patients recording neutral (n = 44) and satisfied (n = 153) was used to define the MCID. MIC for a cohort was defined as the change in the FJS for those patients declaring their outcome as satisfied, whereas receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the MIC for an individual and the PASS threshold. Distribution-based methodology was used to calculate the MDC.

Results

Using satisfaction as the anchor question, the MCID for the FJS was 16.6 (95% confidence interval (CIs) 8.9 to 24.3; p < 0.001) and when adjusting for confounding this decreased to 13.7 points (95% CI 4.8 to 22.5; p < 0.001). The MIC for the FJS for a cohort of patients was 17.7 points and for an individual patient was 10 points. The MDC90 for the FGS was 12 points; where 90% of patients scoring more than this will have experienced a real change that is beyond measurement error. The PASS was defined as 22 points or more in the postoperative FJS.

Conclusion

The estimates for MCID and MIC can be used to assess whether there is clinical difference between two groups and whether a cohort/patient has had a meaningful change in their FJS, respectively. The MDC90 of 12 points suggests a value lower than this may fall within measurement error. A postoperative FJS of 22 or more was predictive of achieving PASS. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):846–854.
Perioperative complications of total en bloc spondylectomy for spinal tumours
Authors: Demura Satoru , Kato Satoshi , Shinmura Kazuya , Yokogawa Noriaki , Shimizu Takaki , Handa Makoto , Annen Ryohei , Kobayashi Motoya , Yamada Yohei , Murakami Hideki , Kawahara Norio , Tomita Katsuro , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: May 2021

Aims

To evaluate the perioperative complications associated with total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) in patients with spinal tumours, based on the extent and level of tumour resection.

Methods

In total, 307 patients who underwent TES in a single centre were reviewed retrospectively. There were 164 male and 143 female patients with a mean age at the time of surgery of 52.9 years (SD 13.3). A total of 225 patients were operated on for spinal metastases, 34 for a malignant primary tumour, 41 for an aggressive benign tumour, and seven with a primary of unknown origin. The main lesion was located in the thoracic spine in 213, and in the lumbar spine in 94 patients. There were 97 patients who underwent TES for more than two consecutive vertebrae.

Results

Major and minor perioperative complications were observed in 122 (39.7%) and 84 (27.4%) patients respectively. The breakdown of complications was as follows: bleeding more than 2,000 ml in 60 (19.5%) patients, hardware failure in 82 (26.7%), neurological in 46 (15.0%), surgical site infection in 23 (7.5%), wound dehiscence in 16 (5.2%), cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 45 (14.7%), respiratory in 52 (16.9%), cardiovascular in 11 (3.6%), digestive in 19 (6.2%)/ The mortality within two months of surgery was four (1.3%). The total number of complications per operation were 1.01 (SD 1.0) in the single vertebral resection group and 1.56 (SD 1.2) in the group with more than two vertebral resections. Cardiovascular and respiratory complications, along with hardware failure were statistically higher in the group who had more than two vertebrae resected. Also, in this group the amount of bleeding in patients with a lumbar lesion or respiratory complication in patients with a thoracic lesion, were statistically higher. Multivariate analysis showed that using a combined anterior and posterior approach, when more than two vertebral resections were significant independent factors.

Conclusion

The characteristics of perioperative complications after TES were different depending on the extent and level of the tumour resection. In addition to preoperative clinical and pathological factors, it is therefore important to consider these factors in patients who undergo en bloc resection for spinal tumours. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):976–983.
Full circumferential morphological analysis of Schlemm’s canal in human eyes using megahertz swept source OCT
Authors: Yao Xinwen , Tan Bingyao , Ho Yijie , Liu Xinyu , Wong Damon , Chua Jacqueline , Wong Tina T. , Perera Shamira , Ang Marcus , Werkmeister René M. , Schmetterer Leopold
Published: May 2021

We performed full circumferential imaging of the Schlemm’s canal (SC) of two human eyes using a Fourier domain mode-lock laser (FDML) based 1.66-MHz SS-OCT prototype at 1060 nm. Eight volumes with overlapping margins were acquired around the limbal area with customized raster scanning patterns designed to fully cover the SC while minimizing motion artifacts. The SC was segmented from the volumes using a semi-automated active contour segmentation algorithm, whose mean dice similarity coefficient was 0.76 compared to the manual segmentation results. We also reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) renderings of the 360° SC by stitching the segmented SCs from the volumetric datasets. Quantitative metrics of the full circumferential SC were provided, including the mean and standard deviation (SD) of the cross-sectional area (CSA), the maximum CSA, the minimum and maximum SC opening width, and the number of collector channels (CC) stemming from the SC.
Monitoring and diagnostic technologies using deep neural networks for predictive optical network maintenance [Invited]
Authors: Tanaka Takafumi , Inui Tetsuro , Kawai Shingo , Kuwabara Seiki , Nishizawa Hideki
Published: May 2021

In recent years, optical networks have become more complex due to traffic increase and service diversification, and it has become increasingly difficult for network operators to monitor large-scale networks and keep track of communication status at all times, as well as to control and operate the various services running on the networks. This issue is motivating the need for autonomous optical network diagnosis, and expectations are growing for the use of machine learning and deep learning. Another trend is the active movement toward reducing capital expenditure (CAPEX)/operational expenditure (OPEX) of optical transport equipment by employing whitebox hardware, open source software, and open interfaces. In this paper, we describe in detail the concept of a series of workflows for the whitebox transponder, including getting optical performance data from the coherent optical transceiver, diagnosing optical transmission line conditions by applying deep neural networks (DNNs) to the collected data, and notifying the remote network management system (NMS) of the diagnosis results. In addition, as one of the use cases, we demonstrate fiber bending detection based on the diagnosis workflow. Offline and online demonstrations show the deployed diagnosis system can identify the fiber bend with up to 99% accuracy in our evaluation environment.
Reducing the polarization mismatch between the last quantum barrier and p-EBL to enhance the carrier injection for AlGaN-based DUV LEDs
Authors: Chu Chunshuang , Zhang Danyang , Shao Hua , Che Jiamang , Tian Kangkai , Zhang Yonghui , Zhang Zi-Hui
Published: May 2021

In this work, we report an AlGaN-based ∼275 nm deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV LED) that has AlGaN based quantum barriers with a properly large Al composition. It is known that the increased conduction band barrier height helps to enhance the electron concentration in the active region. However, we find that the promoted hole injection efficiency is also enabled for the proposed DUV LED when the Al composition increases. This is attributed to the reduced positive polarization charge density at the last quantum barrier (LQB) and p-type electron blocking layer (p-EBL) interface, which can suppress the hole depletion effect in the p-EBL. Thus, the hole concentration in the p-EBL gets promoted, which is very helpful to reduce the hole blocking effect caused by the p-EBL. Therefore, thanks to the improved carrier injection, the proposed DUV LED increases the optical power and reduces the forward voltage when compared with the conventional DUV LED.
Imaging through fog using quadrature lock-in discrimination
Authors: Kumar Shashank , Debnath Bapan , M. S. Meena , Fade Julien , Dhar Sankar , Alouini Mehdi , Bretenaker Fabien , Ramachandran Hema
Published: May 2021

We report experiments conducted in the field in the presence of fog, that were aimed at imaging under poor visibility. By means of intensity modulation at the source and two-dimensional quadrature lock-in detection by software at the receiver, a significant enhancement of the contrast-to-noise ratio was achieved in the imaging of beacons over hectometric distances. Further by illuminating the field of view with a modulated source, the technique helped reveal objects that were earlier obscured due to multiple scattering of light. This method, thus, holds promise of aiding in various forms of navigation under poor visibility due to fog.
More popular because you’re older? Relative age effect on popularity among adolescents in class
Authors: van Aalst Danelien A. E. , van Tubergen Frank
Published: May 2021

Previous studies have found a significant effect of pupil’s month of birth on their school- and sports performances. The current study investigates whether this so-called relative age effect also exists in a rather unexplored domain, namely popularity among adolescents in school classes. Whereas prior studies examined relative age related to the cut-off date at primary school entry, we also study possible relative age effects regarding the age composition within pupils’ current school class. Data are from nationally-representative surveys among 14–15 year-old pupils from the Netherlands, Sweden and England. Results indicate a statistically significant positive relation of both types of relative age with popularity status in classes. The relation of past relative age is particularly strong in England, which has a system of social promotion, whereas current relative age is strong in the Netherlands, with its system of grade retention. These findings underscore the importance of education policy.
A nomogram prediction of overall survival based on lymph node ratio, AJCC 8th staging system, and other factors for primary pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhong Rui , Jiang Xin , Peng Yan , Xu Huan , Yan Yongfeng , Liu Li , Tang Xiaowei
Published: May 2021

Background

As a malignant tumor with poor prognosis, accurate and effective prediction of the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) is crucial.

Methods

A total of 12,909 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program between 2004 and 2016. The sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, metastasis status, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, tumor size, regional nodes examined, regional nodes positive of each patient were recorded. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify prognostic factors with a threshold of P<0.05, and a nomogram was constructed. Harrell’s concordance indexes and calibration plots were used to verify the predictive power of the model. The risk groups were also stratified by quartile of the total score. Survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

Age, year of diagnosis, sex, grade, histologic, marital, TNM stage, surgery of the primary site, tumor size, regional nodes positive and regional nodes examined ratio (LNR), lymph node dissection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were identified as prognostic factors for the construction of the nomogram. The nomogram exhibited a clinical predictive ability of 0.675(95% CI, 0.669~0.681) in the internal verification. The predicted calibration curve was similar to the standard curve. Decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram had value in terms of clinical application. Besides, the nomogram was able to divide the patients into different groups according to total points.

Conclusions

Hence, our nomogram was highly effective in predicting overall survival in patients with PC, which may provide a reference tool for clinicians to guide individualized treatment and follow-ups for patients with PC, accurately determine the 1-,3- and 5-year overall survival of patients.
Machine-learning a virus assembly fitness landscape
Authors: Dechant Pierre-Philippe , He Yang-Hui
Published: May 2021

Realistic evolutionary fitness landscapes are notoriously difficult to construct. A recent cutting-edge model of virus assembly consists of a dodecahedral capsid with 12 corresponding packaging signals in three affinity bands. This whole genome/phenotype space consisting of 312 genomes has been explored via computationally expensive stochastic assembly models, giving a fitness landscape in terms of the assembly efficiency. Using latest machine-learning techniques by establishing a neural network, we show that the intensive computation can be short-circuited in a matter of minutes to astounding accuracy.
The spread of macroscopic droplets from a simulated cough with and without the use of masks or barriers
Authors: Bhavsar Atreyus A.
Published: May 2021

One of the main challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic is the lack of safety measures and guidelines to reduce the risk of viral spread among people during gatherings. This study was conducted to evaluate the distance of oral and nasal droplet spread in a model that simulates coughing and sneezing in a public setting, specifically a school setting, to guide faculty and staff members with safety measures and guidelines to reduce droplet spread. Several models were prepared to observe and visualize the spread of fluid simulating respiratory droplets in places such as the classroom and the cafeteria, in which a student would be more susceptible to contract a virus since individuals cannot wear masks while eating. For all trials, a 2.54 centimeter balloon with 0.3 milliliters of diluted fluorescent paint was placed inside a mannequin head and was exploded outwards from the mannequin’s mouth at 5 pounds per square inch (psi). Using a black light, the expelled fluorescent macroscopic droplets were visualized. When applying safety precautions and guidelines such as mandating face masks, the results of the experiments conducted in this study with a surgical mask, were extremely positive. However, without other safety precautions such as face masks and barriers, social distancing proved to be ineffective. In conclusion the most effective way to prevent droplet spread during activities where masks simply cannot be worn, such as eating, is to apply barriers between the individuals. Applying barriers and wearing masks successfully prevented macroscopic droplet spread.
Effectiveness of time-varying echo information for target geometry identification in bat-inspired human echolocation
Authors: Sumiya Miwa , Ashihara Kaoru , Watanabe Hiroki , Terada Tsutomu , Hiryu Shizuko , Ando Hiroshi
Published: May 2021

Bats use echolocation through flexible active sensing via ultrasounds to identify environments suitable for their habitat and foraging. Mimicking the sensing strategies of bats for echolocation, this study examined how humans acquire new acoustic-sensing abilities, and proposes effective strategies for humans. A target geometry identification experiment—involving 15 sighted people without experience of echolocation—was conducted using two targets with different geometries, based on a new sensing system. Broadband frequency-modulated pulses with short inter-pulse intervals (16 ms) were used as a synthetic echolocation signal. Such pulses mimic buzz signals emitted by bats for echolocation prior to capturing their prey. The study participants emitted the signal from a loudspeaker by tapping on Android devices. Because the signal included high-frequency signals up to 41 kHz, the emitted signal and echoes from a stationary or rotating target were recorded using a 1/7-scaled miniature dummy head. Binaural sounds, whose pitch was down-converted, were presented through headphones. This way, time-varying echo information was made available as an acoustic cue for target geometry identification under a rotating condition, as opposed to a stationary one. In both trials, with (i.e., training trials) and without (i.e., test trials) answer feedback immediately after the participants answered, the participants identified the geometries under the rotating condition. Majority of the participants reported using time-varying patterns in terms of echo intensity, timbre, and/or pitch under the rotating condition. The results suggest that using time-varying patterns in echo intensity, timbre, and/or pitch enables humans to identify target geometries. However, performance significantly differed by condition (i.e., stationary vs. rotating) only in the test trials. This difference suggests that time-varying echo information is effective for identifying target geometry through human echolocation especially when echolocators are unable to obtain answer feedback during sensing.
The compounding effect of having HIV and a disability on child mortality among mothers in South Africa
Authors: Akobirshoev Ilhom , Zandam Hussaini , Nandakumar Allyala , Groce Nora , Blecher Mark , Mitra Monika
Published: May 2021

Background

Previous research on the association between maternal HIV status and child mortality in sub–Saharan Africa was published between 2005–2011. Findings from these studies showed a higher child mortality risk among children born to HIV–positive mothers. While the population of women with disabilities is growing in developing countries, we found no research that examined the association between maternal disability in HIV–positive mothers, and child mortality in sub–Saharan Africa. This study examined the potential compounding effect of maternal disability and HIV status on child mortality in South Africa.

Methods

We analyzed data for women age 15–49 years from South Africa, using the nationally representative 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey. We estimated unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios of child mortality indicators by maternal disability and maternal HIV using modified Poisson regressions.

Results

Children born to disabled mothers compared to their peers born to non-disabled mothers were at a higher risk for neonatal mortality (RR = 1.80, 95% CI:1.31–2.49), infant mortality (RR = 1.69, 95% CI:1.19–2.41), and under-five mortality (RR = 1.78, 95% CI:1.05–3.01). The joint risk of maternal disability and HIV-positive status on the selected child mortality indicators is compounded such that it is more than the sum of the risks from maternal disability or maternal HIV-positive status alone (RR = 3.97 vs. joint RR = 3.67 for neonatal mortality; RR = 3.57 vs. joint RR = 3.25 for infant mortality; RR = 6.44 vs. joint RR = 3.75 for under-five mortality).

Conclusions

The findings suggest that children born to HIV-positive women with disabilities are at an exceptionally high risk of premature mortality. Established inequalities faced by women with disabilities may account for this increased risk. Given that maternal HIV and disability amplify each other’s impact on child mortality, addressing disabled women’s HIV-related needs and understanding the pathways and mechanisms contributing to these disparities is crucial.
STUDY OF INTERGRANULAR CORROSION ON NON-HEAT TREATABLE ALUMINUM ALLOYS IN A COMPRESSOR AFTER-COOLER
Authors: Adnyana D.N.
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out on a compressor heat exchanger (after-cooler) which had a leak in the welded joint of its components made of non-heat treatable aluminum alloys. The purpose of this study is to determine the type and cause, and mechanisms of failure associated with the metallurgical structure that occurs. In this study a number of tests have been carried out including visual and macroscopic examinations, metallographic and hardness testing, and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis equipped with EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). The results of the study obtained indicate that the failure mechanism that causes leakage in the aluminum alloy welding joints of the compressor heat exchanger component is intergranular corrosion due to sensitization and the related effect of environmental factors that occur. In addition, the failure may also be affected by welding defect in the form of pinholes.
PENGARUH PENEMPAAN DAN PERLAKUAN PANAS TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK DAN KETAHANAN KOROSI PADA MODIFIKASI BAJA LATERIT A-588
Authors: Rohmah Miftakhur -
Published: May 2021

High strength low alloy (HSLA) yang diaplikasikan menjadi baja tahan cuaca merupakan terobosan terbaru untuk menghasilkan sifat mekanik dan ketahanan korosi yang tinggi. Modifikasi Baja Laterit dengan penambahan kadar nikel yang diterapkan proses termomekanikal (TMCP) berupa kombinasi proses penempaan panas dan perlakuan panas menjadi fokusan penelitian ini. Sampel yang digunakan merupakan Baja Laterit A-588 hasil investment casting yang telah ditambahkan kadar nikel sebesar 1, 2, dan 3% kemudian diproses penempaan panas dengan pembebanan 100 ton pada temperatur 1050 ℃. Nikel berfungsi sebagai penstabil austenit. Variabel perlakuan panas yang digunakan yakni (1) langsung pendinginan udara, (2) dilanjutkan proses pemanasan pada temperatur 750 ℃ yang diikuti pendinginan cepat. Karakterisasi material menggunakan uji metalografi, uji keras, uji tarik, dan uji polarisasi. Pada sampel tempa panas+pendinginan udara, pertambahan kadar nikel hingga 3% mempengaruhi nilai fraksi fasa ferrit-perlit yang terbentuk, pertambahan ukuran butir hingga ±0,1 mm, penurunan kekerasan hingga 185,22 BHN, penurunan kekuatan hingga 554 MPa, dan pertambahkan elongasi sebesar 29.1%. Sedangkan pada sampel tempa panas+perlakuan panas dengan pendinginan air, pertambahan nikel hingga 3% menyebabkan terbentuknya fasa dislokasi lath martensit+ferrit+retained austenite, penurunan kekerasan hingga 236,18 BHN, penurunan kekuatan hingga 852 MPa, penurunan elongasi hingga 24,7%. Fasa retained austenite memiliki efek merusak pada sifat mekanis.
Current Knowledge and Awareness among Paedodontists of Maharashtra Regarding Prevention of Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Padubidri Meghna Jayakar , Swain Samarpita , Srivastava Ekta Pankaj Kumar , Kumar Sanket Pramod , Thomas Cerin Susan , Mahagaonkar Preetam Appasaheb
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis is an infection of the endothelium of heart and heart valves with serious and fatal complications that often requires long-term treatment. Bacteraemia is considered to be an important step for the onset of infective endocarditis (IE) and mainly induced by invasive dental treatments, including tooth extraction, periodontal surgery, scaling and root planing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge among the paedodontists concerning the preventive measures for infective endocarditis and to spread the awareness about the same, thus filling the clinical practice gap between dentists and cardiologists by helping in making collaborative decisions. METHODS A questionnaire survey was given to the paedodontists in India in order to collect information regarding their current common knowledge about infective endocarditis and for the future construction of an approach to improve this situation. RESULTS 68.4 % of the paedodontists taking the survey preferred giving antibiotic prophylaxis mainly orally whereas 21.1 % preferred to give it orally rather than IV and 10.5 % of them preferred IV rather than oral. None of them preferred giving antibiotics intravenously. With regard to the type of antibiotics preferred, most preferred was oral amoxicillin (89.5 %) and other antibiotics were (10.5 %); whereas, no one preferred IV ampicillin. 89.5 % of our respondents feltthat antibiotic prophylaxis was definitely needed whereas 10.5 % of them felt that it was partially needed. CONCLUSIONS Practitioners, cardiologists and the dentists need to discuss the potential benefits and also the harm of antibiotic prophylaxis with their patients before a decision is made about antibiotic administration. KEY WORDS Infective Endocarditis, Paedodontists, Cardiologists
Trade, Investment and Politics between China and Central and Eastern Europe Economic Necessity or a Trojan Horse?
Authors:   , Matura Tamás Attila
Published: May 2021

Ever since the inception of the cooperation, the 16+1 has been a target of tremendous criticism. The EU and certain Western member states have been concerned of the increased level of Chinese activity in the Eastern part of the integration and afraid that Beijing might try to divide and rule the EU through the 16+1. Furthermore, EU-China relations have been deteriorating in general recently, as Europe is more and more frustrated by the rise of China, and Beijing is getting more and more disappointed by the slow progress of the EU while its own self confidence is on the rise. Certain major European countries like France or Germany are concerned of the Chinese activities in the CEE region, as they see China as a competitor on a market they have always considered as their home turf. In 2012, I was attending an interesting closed-door roundtable on EU-China relations in Brussels, where a diplomat from one of the Western European countries set forth his remarkable assessment of the 16+1 initiative as he said: “China and Central Europe were building a new Berlin Wall across the EU.” In the following, I would like to challenge this oversimplified discourse and to point out that Chinese influence in the region is very limited if not marginal, and its source is not the economy, as despite all previous expectations Chinese economic presence is still insignificant in CEE countries, and what China has been offering is not an attractive economic alternative to the EU members of the region. I believe it is of utmost importance to understand the real causes of the pro-China movement of certain CEE countries, since a misguided and oversimplified discourse, focusing on Chinese economic offers does not catch the reality, and measured responses cannot be placed on misbeliefs. Based on the arguments offered by the dissertation, the dilemma presented in the subtitle of the present thesis is invalid. The cooperation between China and the CEE-11 countries was driven by economic necessities following the double crises of the early 2010’s, but it has never fulfilled its promises, and thus it has been losing its significance lately. Alleged Chinese attempts to divide the EU through its cooperation with CEE-11 countries cannot be proven, as Beijing does not have the economic leverage in the region to exercise real political influence over the EU level policies of CEE-11 nations. Some CEE-11 government, however, have tried to gain political and economic benefits through serving Chinese interests in certain cases, but these attempts have rather served the personal political interest of CEE-11 politicians than of the nation they are supposed to work for. Therefore, the source of Chinese influence in CEE-11 countries does not originate directly from Beijing but from the political elite of some Central and Eastern European Countries.
OS INTERESSES DE APRENDIZAGEM DAS CRIANÇAS NA ESCOLA
Authors: Almeida Vasconcelos Queila , Kremer Claines , Silveira Barbosa Maria Carmen
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as ações e os interesses de aprendizagem das crianças bem pequenas, articulando-os à possibilidade de promover a participação infantil no planejamento e na organização do cotidiano escolar. O suporte teórico que fundamenta essa investigação compõe-se das discussões sobre participação infantil do campo da Sociologia da Infância e do conceito de aprendizagem pela vida cotidiana da perspectiva da Aprendizagem Sociocultural. As estratégias metodológicas foram construídas a partir dos referenciais da Pesquisa com Crianças, tendo em vista que esta investigação foi realizada em uma escola pública, em um grupo de crianças entre 17 e 27 meses de idade.  Tais referenciais reverberam sobre a indispensabilidade da participação infantil nas pesquisas. Como resultados, as análises apontam que a participação infantil, na organização do cotidiano da escola, está atravessada pela concepção das ações das crianças, em busca de compreender, estar junto e fazer parte do mundo, como aprendizagens fundamentais na primeira infância.
DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL
Authors: Mianes Felipe Leão
Published: May 2021

O artigo analisa concepções clínicas e culturais de representação das pessoas com deficiência visual. Foi baseado em análise bibliográfica de obras autobiográficas de pessoas cegas, como Hingson (2010) e Bavcar (2003), bem como de análises teóricas de autores como Vygotsky (1991), Martins (2013). Analiso possibilidades de pensar sobre a deficiência visual através de parâmetros culturais, para além da limitação corporal. Nos resultados, notei que as concepções clínicas tendem a limitar esse grupo, já as concepções culturais podem ampliar as percepções sobre essas pessoas como formas diferentes de ver o mundo, indo muito além da deficiência. Outro resultado é o processo de representação da deficiência visual por aqueles que vivenciam essa condição, através da publicação de materiais autobiográficos que possibilitam formas diversificadas de perceber os pontos de vista desses sujeitos.
PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS NO ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Reis Valdeci , Coppete Maria Conceição , Sartori Ademilde Silveira
Published: May 2021

Este artigo visa à discussão da importância do estágio docência, componente curricular do programa de pós-graduação em educação, na constituição da docência universitária. A partir de uma experiência empírica realizada em uma disciplina, terceira fase da licenciatura em Pedagogia, discutimos os desafios da didática no ensino superior, a dimensão estratégica que a avaliação ocupa no âmbito do processo pedagógico, além das dificuldades que os estudantes têm evidenciado ao ingressar na universidade. As práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas e disponibilizadas a serviço da reflexão crítica mobilizaram o pós-graduando, a professora titular da disciplina na Graduação, bem como a orientadora em nível de pós-graduação.
ENSAIO DE PENSAR AULAS-SONHO PARA NÃO-FILÓSOFOS
Authors: Reis Marina dos , Corazza Sandra Mara
Published: May 2021

À maneira de ensaio, este artigo pensa, poeticamente, a tarefa tradutória do Professor no preparo de Aula e, talqualmente um sonho, encerra-se inconcluso. Convoca esse tradutor e artista da matéria na educação a dançar o pensamento com um corpo butô pronto à escrita na (i)lógica do sonho e nas dimensões da poesia, via aportes da Filosofia da Diferença e Educação. Nesse empirismo, desdobra de seu próprio fazer e do Arquivo da Educação, conceitos fugidios de Aulas-sonho e Sonhografias. Entende que a educação se faz com o corpo todo, suporte receptivo às potências transcriativas do Arquivo. Ensaia repetindo-se para conceitualizar essas formas de pensar aulas em um plano de imanência avesso à imagem dogmática do pensamento.
A PROBLEMÁTICA ACERCA DA INSERÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DOS LICENCIADOS EM EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO NA REDE PÚBLICA DE EDUCAÇÃO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Verdério Alex , Lima Andreia Gomes
Published: May 2021

Trata da inserção profissional de egressas e egressos do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo na rede pública estadual de educação do Paraná, e analisa a negação da atuação profissional desses sujeitos. A Educação do Campo é compreendida como conquista dos Movimentos Sociais, o que a coloca no âmbito de sua afirmação como política pública. Realizou-se a análise da reivindicação acerca da inserção profissional de licenciados em Educação do Campo por áreas do conhecimento, voltando-se para algumas experiências de negação desse reconhecimento. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foram privilegiadas a pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise documental, com especial atenção para o Dossiê para Reconhecimento da Licenciatura em Educação do Campo, que foi organizado, no ano de 2017, pela Articulação Paranaense por uma Educação do Campo.  No processo de pesquisa e análise, a mobilização e a organização foram verificadas como elementos centrais para garantia do direito dos povos trabalhadores do campo à educação. Isso se expande na luta pelo direito dos graduados em Educação do Campo para que possam exercer a profissão docente de acordo com o perfil de sua formação, buscando a conexão entre escola e vida como questão fundamental no delineamento e na afirmação da escola do campo.
AUTISMO: DO RECONHECIMENTO À MOBILIDADE PELO TERRITÓRIO
Authors: Cerqueira-Neto Sebastião Pinheiro Gonçalves , Silva Leonardo Thompson da , Mendes Ricardo Rodrigues , Cunha Ricardo Almeida , Oliveira Jeorge Luís Martins de
Published: May 2021

O autismo ainda é um grande enigma para as famílias, médicos e pesquisadores. Ainda que as pesquisas sobre o assunto sejam a partir da década de 1940, os estudos sobre sua origem e tratamento se mostram inconclusos. O objetivo deste artigo foi unir a experiência de pai e o conhecimento geográfico para questionar a inserção do autista no território e ao mesmo tempo provocar o descobrimento de novos caminhos para esta inserção. Este artigo se ampara metodologicamente na observação do meu filho Pedro Cacique Silva de Cerqueira, ao longo dos seus nove anos de idade, análise de dados, e da pesquisa bibliográfica, produzindo uma ponte entre a Geografia e alguns estudos sobre o Transtorno do Espectro do Autista – TEA. Mesmo com todos os esforços, através da edição de leis, os governos em todas as escalas ainda não conseguiram oferecer às famílias dos autistas uma inserção justa no território. É preciso que as entidades públicas e privadas que constroem e fazem parte da infraestrutura do país diminuam a burocracia para proporcionar a mobilidade do autista pelo território.
El estudio de la personalidad en los procesos educativos desde la perspectiva histórico-cultural
Authors: Rosas-Rivera Yolanda
Published: May 2021

En esta edición de la revista Obutchénie se presenta el dossier El estudio de la personalidad en los procesos educativos desde la perspectiva histórico cultural. Este dossier está integrado por ocho artículos, en los cuales se plantean propuestas para la investigación de la personalidad dentro del contexto educativo, a partir de la organización de actividades relacionadas con la evaluación y la intervención en diferentes participantes educativos. Los autores basan sus investigaciones en el enfoque histórico cultural, retomando autores como Vygotski, Bozhovich, Leontiev, Talizina y Davidov para el análisis de la personalidad en niños, adolescentes y adultos, teniendo estos diferentes papeles dentro del proceso educativo: alumnos, maestros o padres de familia. El proceso educativo implica diversos participantes y actividades, en el cual además es posible identificar y organizar los elementos que favorecen el desarrollo de la personalidad. Para esta tarea, los educadores (docentes, padres de familia) requieren conocer qué significa la personalidad y cuál es su desarrollo. La teoría de la actividad propuesta por Leontiev (1993) permite conocer cuál es su contenido (objetivo, objeto, ejecución, acciones, etc.) y estructura (jerarquía de motivos), además Talizina (2019) incluye el motivo como parte fundamental de la actividad de aprendizaje. El desarrollo de la personalidad también ha sido estudiado por Bozhovich (1976), así como su relación con las actividades rectoras de las edades psi-cológicas.
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 17 No. 1, Januari 2021
Authors: Hidayat Sri Hendrastuti
Published: May 2021

This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page and back cover of the Indonesian Journal of Phytopathology, Volume 17, No. 1, January 2021.
Pola Teknik Budi Daya dan Sifat Kimia Tanah yang Berhubungan dengan Penyakit Blas pada Padi Sawah
Authors: Andriyani Yuyun , Suryo Wiyono
Published: May 2021

Penyakit blas yang disebabkan Pyricularia oryzae merupakan penyakit yang paling merusak di semua negara penghasil padi. Namun epidemi penyakit blas pada padi di Indonesia tergolong baru, yang sebelumnya dikenal sebagai penyakit utama padi gogo. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor agronomi dan tanah yang berhubungan dengan perkembangan penyakit blas padi. Penyakit blas dinilai pada 50 petak sawah menggunakan sistem skor IRRI. Petani yang menanam padi di petak pengamatan diwawancarai menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur tentang teknik budi daya yang meliputi varietas, pupuk organik dan pupuk sintetik NPK, penggunaan insektisida, fungisida, dan herbisida. Analisis kimia tanah dilakukan terhadap pH, C organik, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Si, Zn, Mn, Cu pada tanah yang diperoleh dari ledakan penyakit blas berat dan ringan, dengan lima sampel untuk masing-masing kategori. Data faktor teknik budi daya (varietas, pemupukan, penggunaan pestisida, penggunaan bahan organik) ditabulasi silang dalam tabel kontingensi terhadap dua tingkat keparahan penyakit, dan selanjutnya dianalisis tingkat nyata keterkaitan. Sifat kimia tanah plot yang keparahan penyakitnya berbeda dianalisis. Faktor agronomi yang berhubungan dengan tingginya keparahan penyakit blas padi sawah ialah penggunaan varietas Ciherang, penggunaan pestisida frekuensi tinggi, dan penggunaan herbisida. Sifat tanah yang berhubungan dengan tingkat epidemi ledakan penyakit ialah kadar N, P, K, S, Si, dan unsur mikro tanah.
Utilization of K-nearest neighbor algorithm for classification of white blood cells in AML M4, M5, and M7
Authors: Prakisya Nurcahya Pradana Taufik , Liantoni Febri , Hatta Puspanda , Aristyagama Yusfia Hafid , Setiawan Andika
Published: May 2021

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M4, M5, and M7 are subtypes of leukemia derived from myeloid cell derivatives that influences the results of the identification of AMLs, which includes myeloblast, monoblast, and megakaryoblast. Furthermore, they are divided into more specific types, including myeloblasts, promyelocytes, monoblasts, promonocytes, monocytes, and megakaryoblasts, which must be clearly identified in order to further calculate the ratio value in the blood. Therefore, this research aims to classify these cell types using the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm. Three distance metrics are tested, namely, Euclidean, Chebychev, and Minkowski, and both the weighted and unweighted were tested. The features used as parameters are area, nucleus ratio, circularity, perimeter, mean, and standard deviation, and about 1,450 objects are used as training and testing data. In addition, to ensure that the classification is not overfitting, K-fold cross validation was conducted. The results show that the unweighted Minkowski distance acquired about 240 of 290 objects at K = 19, which is the best. Therefore, the unweighted Minkowski distance is selected for further analysis. The accuracy, recall, and precision values of KNN with unweighted Minkowski distance obtained from fivefold cross validation are 80.552, 44.145, and 42.592%, respectively.