bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of altitude of coffee plants on the composition of fatty acids of green coffee beans
Authors: Tsegay Girmay , Redi-Abshiro Mesfin , Chandravanshi Bhagwan Singh , Ele Estifanos , Mohammed Ahmed M. , Mamo Hassen
Published: May 2020

Background

The fatty acids of green coffee beans are one of the major components that determine the quality of coffee. Fatty acids composition of green coffee beans is affected by soil composition and altitude of coffee plants. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of altitude of the coffee plants on the composition of fatty acids in green coffee beans.

Methods

Fatty acids contents of 40 green coffee beans samples collected from the coffee plants grown at different altitudes (group 1: 1500–1700, group 2: 1701–1900 and group 3: > 1900 m.a.s.l.) in Ethiopia were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Chemometric data analyses were performed to determine the effects of altitude on the fatty acid composition of the green coffee beans.

Results

The green coffee beans contained main saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid with an average value of 55.5 mg/g and unsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid with an average value of 51.6 mg/g. The other major constituents of fatty acids present in green coffee beans were stearic and oleic acids with the value of 12.3 mg/g and 8.92 mg/g, respectively. Palmitic acid content in lowland green coffee beans is significantly different than in the other two regions. On the other hand, stearic and oleic acids contents in the green coffee beans did not show a significant difference between the three topographical regions. While linoleic acid content in the green coffee beans showed significant difference between group 1 and 3 but did not show significant differences between group 1 and 2 and between group 2 and 3. The four major fatty acids, palmitic (R = − 0.574), linoleic (R = − 0.506), stearic (R = − 0.43) and oleic acids (R = − 0.291) in green coffee beans showed a moderate negative correlation with the altitude of coffee plants.

Conclusion

The fatty acids contents decreases with increasing altitude of the coffee plants and hence affects the quality of coffee. The fatty acid composition of green coffee beans can also be used to determine the topographical origin of coffee plants.
Electrochemical detection of Toxocara canis excretory-secretory antigens in children from rural communities in Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador: association between active infection and high eosinophilia
Authors: Morales-Yánez Francisco , Trashin Stanislav , Sariego Idalia , Roucher Clémentine , Paredis Linda , Chico Martha , De Wael Karolien , Muyldermans Serge , Cooper Philip , Polman Katja
Published: May 2020

Background

The diagnosis of activeToxocara canisinfections in humans is challenging. Larval stages ofT. canisdo not replicate in human tissues and disease may result from infection with a singleT. canislarva. Recently, we developed a nanobody-based electrochemical magnetosensor assay with superior sensitivity to detectT. canisexcretory-secretory (TES) antigens. Here, we evaluate the performance of the assay in children from an Ecuadorian birth cohort that followed children to five years of age.

Methods

Samples were selected based on the presence of peripheral blood eosinophilia and relative eosinophil counts. The samples were analyzed by the nanobody-based electrochemical magnetosensor assay, which utilizes a bivalent biotinylated nanobody as capturing agent on the surface of streptavidin pre-coated paramagnetic beads. Detection was performed by a different nanobody chemically labelled with horseradish peroxidase.

Results

Of 87 samples tested, 33 (38%) scored positive for TES antigen recognition by the electrochemical magnetosensor assay. The average concentration of TES antigen in serum was 2.1 ng/ml (SD = 1.1). The positive result in the electrochemical assay was associated with eosinophilia > 19% (P = 0.001). Parasitological data were available for 57 samples. There was no significant association between positivity by the electrochemical assay and the presence of other soil-transmitted helminth infections.

Conclusions

Our nanobody-based electrochemical assay provides highly sensitive quantification of TES antigens in serum and has potential as a valuable tool for the diagnosis of active human toxocariasis.
Dimension reduction for compressible Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity
Authors: Zhang Mingyu
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we investigate the Navier–Stokes equations describing the motion of a compressible viscous fluid confined to a thin domain $\varOmega _{\varepsilon }=I_{\varepsilon }\times (0, 1)$Ωε=Iε×(0,1), $I_{ \varepsilon }=(0, \varepsilon )\subset \mathbb{R}$Iε=(0,ε)⊂R. We show that the strong solutions in the 2D domain converge to the classical solutions of the limit 1D Navier–Stokes system as $\varepsilon \to 0$ε→0.
Existence of positive radial solution for Neumann problem on the Heisenberg group
Authors: Safari F. , Razani A.
Published: May 2020

The existence of at least one positive radial solution of the Neumann problem$$ -\Delta _{\mathbb{H}^{n}} u+R(\xi ) u=a \bigl( \vert \xi \vert _{\mathbb{H}^{n}} \bigr) \vert u \vert ^{p-2} u - b\bigl( \vert \xi \vert _{\mathbb{H}^{n}}\bigr) \vert u \vert ^{q-2}u, $$−ΔHnu+R(ξ)u=a(|ξ|Hn)|u|p−2u−b(|ξ|Hn)|u|q−2u,is proved on the Heisenberg group$\mathbb{H}^{n}$Hn, via the variational principle, where$a(|\xi |_{\mathbb{H}^{n}})$a(|ξ|Hn),$b(|\xi |_{\mathbb{H}^{n}})$b(|ξ|Hn)are nonnegative radial functions and$R(\xi )$R(ξ)satisfies suitable conditions.
Suppression of miR-330-3p alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and apoptosis by upregulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress components XBP1
Authors: Chen Qifeng , Fang Xiaoming , Yao Ning , Wu Fang , Xu Biao , Chen Zhengguang
Published: May 2020

Background

This study aimed to explore the biological activities of miR-330-3p in dextan sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis and apoptosis and the direct target of miR-330-3p in this process. HT-29 cells and male C57BL/6 mice were used to examine the function of miR-330-3p in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Expression of miRNA and mRNA was measured using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Western blotting was used to measure the change of protein expression. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell apoptosis and luciferase assay was used to confirm the direct target of miR-330-3p.

Results

miR-330-3p expression was increased by DSS in both HT-29 cells and mice. Upregulation miR-330-3p induced cell apoptosis, mice weight loss and ulcerative colitis in vivo, which could prevent by suppression of miR-330-3p. Cell apoptosis related protein expression, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP was also inhibited by miR-330-3p overexpression and elevated by miR-330-3p inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase assay confirmed that 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of XBP1 is the directed target of miR-330-3p and Western blotting results have showed that protein expression of XBP1 was decreased by miR-330-3p mimics and increased by miR-330-3p inhibitor.

Conclusion

miR-330-3p is upregulated by DSS in both HT-29 cells and mice and promoted ulcerative colitis and cell apoptosis by targeting of 3′-UTR of XBP1, which is a key component of ER stress. Inhibition of miR-330-3p prevent DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and cell apoptosis mediated by upregulation of XBP1 expression.
Extrahepatic biliary tract pathologies in mammalian species of zoo animals and wildlife: a review
Authors: Schiffmann Christian , Unterhitzenberger Gabriele , Ortmann Sylvia
Published: May 2020

Mammalian species express a broad variety in the shape of their extrahepatic biliary tract. While a gall bladder is present in many species, others are lacking this organ. Evolutionary driving forces for these differences have not been determined yet, and organ-specific pathologies might present potentially influencing factors. We reviewed the literature regarding extrahepatic biliary tract pathologies reported in mammalian species of zoo animals and wildlife. Specific pathologies have been reported in the taxonomic orders Proboscidea, Chiroptera, Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Primates, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha with variable frequencies of etiological categories. While metabolic disorders with cholelith formation have been reported mainly in captive populations, parasitological infestation was found particularly in free-ranging animals. Based on the available data, we hypothesize Proboscidea, Primates, and Rodentia species to be prone to cholelithiasis. Species belonging to the Artiodactyla seem to be more susceptible to parasitological infestation while in representatives of the Carnivora infectious, metabolic, neoplastic, and parasitological disorders have been reported nearly equally. Extending our knowledge on extrahepatic biliary tract pathologies in exotic pets and wildlife will support the work of veterinary practitioners as well as scientists in evolutionary biology, making further research in this area strongly recommendable.
Comparing negative emissions and high renewable scenarios for the European power system
Authors: Gaffney F. , Deane J. P. , Drayton G. , Glynn J. , Gallachóir B. P. Ó.
Published: May 2020

Emerging literature highlights the essential role played by decarbonised electricity generation in future energy systems consistent with the Paris Climate Agreement. This analysis compares the impacts of high levels of renewable electricity and negative emissions technologies on exploratory visions of the future EU power system (2050) in terms of emissions reduction, technical operation and total system costs. The analysis shows that high renewable power system scenarios coupled with low levels of negative emissions technologies, such as biomass carbon capture and storage (< 2% of installed capacity), can deliver a net-negative European power system at lower comparable cost without breaching published sustainable biomass potentials in Europe (or requiring imports) or geological storage potentials while also contributing to power system inertia. Direct air capture has the capability to further decrease overall carbon emissions. While carbon capture and storage and power-to-gas must overcome market, regulatory and social acceptance challenges, given their potential benefits to emissions reduction, costs and system operation their role in a future power system should be further explored.
Use of prismatic waves in full-waveform inversion with the exact Hessian
Authors: Liu Yuzhu , Wu Zheng , Kang Hao , Yang Jizhong
Published: May 2020

The truncated Newton method uses information contained in the exact Hessian in full-waveform inversion (FWI). The exact Hessian physically contains information regarding doubly scattered waves, especially prismatic events. These waves are mainly caused by the scattering at steeply dipping structures, such as salt flanks and vertical or nearly vertical faults. We have systematically investigated the properties and applications of the exact Hessian. We begin by giving the formulas for computing each term in the exact Hessian and numerically analyzing their characteristics. We show that the second term in the exact Hessian may be comparable in magnitude to the first term. In particular, when there are apparent doubly scattered waves in the observed data, the influence of the second term may be dominant in the exact Hessian and the second term cannot be neglected. Next, we adopt a migration/demigration approach to compute the Gauss-Newton-descent direction and the Newton-descent direction using the approximate Hessian and the exact Hessian, respectively. In addition, we determine from the forward and the inverse perspectives that the second term in the exact Hessian not only contributes to the use of doubly scattered waves, but it also compensates for the use of single-scattering waves in FWI. Finally, we use three numerical examples to prove that by considering the second term in the exact Hessian, the role of prismatic waves in the observed data can be effectively revealed and steeply dipping structures can be reconstructed with higher accuracy.
Leptin-Mediated Changes in the Human Metabolome
Authors: Lawler Katherine , Huang-Doran Isabel , Sonoyama Takuhiro , Collet Tinh-Hai , Keogh Julia M , Henning Elana , O’Rahilly Stephen , Bottolo Leonardo , Farooqi I Sadaf
Published: May 2020

Context

While severe obesity due to congenital leptin deficiency is rare, studies in patients before and after treatment with leptin can provide unique insights into the role that leptin plays in metabolic and endocrine function.

Objective

The aim of this study was to characterize changes in peripheral metabolism in people with congenital leptin deficiency undergoing leptin replacement therapy, and to investigate the extent to which these changes are explained by reduced caloric intake.

Design

Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to measure 661 metabolites in 6 severely obese people with congenital leptin deficiency before, and within 1 month after, treatment with recombinant leptin. Data were analyzed using unsupervised and hypothesis-driven computational approaches and compared with data from a study of acute caloric restriction in healthy volunteers.

Results

Leptin replacement was associated with class-wide increased levels of fatty acids and acylcarnitines and decreased phospholipids, consistent with enhanced lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Primary and secondary bile acids increased after leptin treatment. Comparable changes were observed after acute caloric restriction. Branched-chain amino acids and steroid metabolites decreased after leptin, but not after acute caloric restriction. Individuals with severe obesity due to leptin deficiency and other genetic obesity syndromes shared a metabolomic signature associated with increased BMI.

Conclusion

Leptin replacement was associated with changes in lipolysis and substrate utilization that were consistent with negative energy balance. However, leptin’s effects on branched-chain amino acids and steroid metabolites were independent of reduced caloric intake and require further exploration.
COVID–Activated Emergency Scaling of Anesthesiology Responsibilities Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Verdiner Ricardo E. , Choukalas Christopher G. , Siddiqui Shahla , Stahl David L. , Galvagno Samuel M. , Jabaley Craig S. , Bartz Raquel R. , Lane-Fall Meghan , Goff Kristina L. , Sreedharan Roshni , Bennett Suzanne , Williams George W. , Khanna Ashish K.
Published: May 2020

In response to the rapidly evolving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the potential need for physicians to provide critical care services, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) has collaborated with the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists (SOCCA), the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation (APSF) to develop the COVID-Activated Emergency Scaling of Anesthesiology Responsibilities (CAESAR) Intensive Care Unit (ICU) workgroup. CAESAR-ICU is designed and written for the practicing general anesthesiologist and should serve as a primer to enable an anesthesiologist to provide limited bedside critical care services.
Guilty Things
Authors: Dayan Colin
Published: May 2020

What kind of legal history might account for the unique and continued practice of forfeiture in the United States? Law enforcement, as many recent writers have argued, has grown increasingly dependent on this fail-safe way to gain revenue, since civil asset forfeiture has few procedural safeguards. Unlike criminal forfeiture (in personam), civil forfeiture generally proceeds against the offending property (in rem), not against the person. A piece of property does not have the rights of a person; so, instead of proving crime beyond “a reasonable doubt,” suspicion equal to “probable cause” is enough. Your property is guilty until you prove it innocent. With civil forfeiture, owners do not have to be charged with a crime, let alone be convicted, to lose homes, cars, cash—or dogs. This effort to sharpen our understanding of dispossession is preeminently a legal project. It takes its meaning and garners its effects from the division between value and disregard, things and persons, human and nonhuman. In analyzing how legal reasoning has historically contributed to literal expropriation, I examine the generally invisible nexus of animality, human marginalization, and juridical authority.
Votive Exopraxis
Authors: Fliche Benoît , Pénicaud Manoël
Published: May 2020

Twice a year, the Greek Orthodox Monastery of St. George on the island of Büyükada, off the coast of Istanbul, attracts tens of thousands of Muslim pilgrims who come to make heterogenous and inventive votive offerings. Since these visitors are not Christians, their behavior is a form of exopraxis, which is the subject of the issue of Common Knowledge in which this contribution appears. Due to its scope and dynamism, this shared pilgrimage is perhaps the most important in the contemporary religious landscape of the Middle East, but it is part of a broader ecology that includes many mausoleums of Muslim saints and other Muslim holy places visited by Christians. The rationale and logic of such exopraxes is wild hope (in the Lévi-Straussian sense of wild). Pilgrims from one religious community travel to the sacred place of another not so much for communication or contact with its patron saint—the Muslim pilgrims to Büyükada pray for help to Allah, not to St. George or Jesus—as they travel to be in a place of hope at a time of personal need. This article analyzes how the proliferation of these votive exopraxes indicates both the tenuousness of the distinction between monotheist religions and their need of each other.
“This Is Our Professional Feast”
Authors: Tocheva Detelina
Published: May 2020

An annual celebration called the Day of the Driver, held in the vicinity of a chapel in the central southern part of the Rhodope Mountains of Bulgaria, is a professional as well as Orthodox Christian feast in which Bulgarian Sunni Muslims have participated at least since the fall of the communist regime in 1989. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this article shows that the protracted workings of the socialist elevation of work identity are expressed in this ritual that has developed under the auspices of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, while at the most conspicuous level, Bulgarian Orthodoxy is strongly associated with anti-Ottoman and anti-Muslim nationalism. The celebration of work in Orthodox ritual life has a long history in the presocialist and earlier periods, but the contemporary interfaith participation is motivated by the desire of the local transportation companies to assert their professional identity in the context of an ongoing economic decline. Although invisible from the outside, exopraxis is nonetheless intrinsic to the event.
Exopraxes of Predation and the Use of Alterity in Cape Verde
Authors: Pons Christophe
Published: May 2020

As part of a cluster of articles on religious exopraxis, within a larger symposium on xenophilia, this essay protests against the optimistic casting of exopraxis as a sign of fluidity, porosity, and openness. It argues instead that the pragmatic capacity to navigate alien practices and spaces of devotion can also be predatory. There are cases in which exopraxis amounts to an act of predation on what makes a religion to which one does not belong successful, and there are cases in which it amounts to an act of appropriation, for one’s own purposes, of a sacred place belonging to another religion. This essay details examples found in Cape Verde, whose creole society developed from the admixture of its Portuguese settlers and its formerly enslaved African population. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Cape Verde, like many other countries in the “global South,” emerged as a scene of fierce competition between campaigns of evangelization visited on the country from Europe, the United States, Africa, and Brazil. Most of the evangelists have been Christian, but since 2010, ascetic strains of Islam have also entered the local religious field. These emergent contexts are generating unprecedented forms of predatory exopraxis that this article details and evaluates.
Endogenous CRISPR/Cas9 arrays for scalable whole-organism lineage tracing
Authors: Cotterell James , Vila-Cejudo Marta , Batlle-Morera Laura , Sharpe James
Published: May 2020

The past decade has seen a renewed appreciation of the central importance of cellular lineages to many questions in biology (especially organogenesis, stem cells and tumor biology). This has been driven in part by a renaissance in genetic clonal-labeling techniques. Recent approaches are based on accelerated mutation of DNA sequences, which can then be sequenced from individual cells to re-create a ‘phylogenetic’ tree of cell lineage. However, current approaches depend on making transgenic alterations to the genome in question, which limit their application. Here, we introduce a new method that completely avoids the need for prior genetic engineering, by identifying endogenous CRISPR/Cas9 target arrays suitable for lineage analysis. In both mouse and zebrafish, we identify the highest quality compact arrays as judged by equal base composition, 5′ G sequence, minimal likelihood of residing in the functional genome, minimal off targets and ease of amplification. We validate multiple high-quality endogenous CRISPR/Cas9 arrays, demonstrating their utility for lineage tracing. Our pragmatically scalable technique thus can produce deep and broad lineages in vivo, while removing the dependence on genetic engineering.
Covid-19 Outbreak – Immediate and long-term impacts on the dental profession
Authors: Ghani Fazal
Published: May 2020

The health professions and systems have been challenged evoking heightened reactions around the globe as response to Covid-19. While most heavily impacted, the role of the dental professionals in preventing the transmission and responding to its long-term impacts on dentistry is critically important. This report, while outlining the immediate impact that the Covid-19 outbreak currently has on dental healthcare professionals, it also looks at some heavier impacts that this outbreak might have on the profession of dentistry. As such this manuscript offers some suggestions and recommendations based on personal feeling.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2698

How to cite this:Ghani F. Covid-19 Outbreak – Immediate and long-term impacts on the dental profession. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S126-S129.   doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2698

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Potential Barriers Amongst Health Care Professionals (HCPs) of Pakistan in Managing COVID 19 patients
Authors: Haq Muhammad Irfan Ul , Shafiq Faraz , Sheikh Haris
Published: May 2020

Objectives: To evaluate basic knowledge of Health Care Professionals (HCPs) of Pakistan in managing COVID 19 patients. It includes information regarding infection control measures, administrative and professional support. This was followed by evaluation of psychological factor that can act as a barrier in effective management of these patients.

Methods: The survey was conducted on line using Google Form. After approval from hospital ethical committee survey link was disseminated to HCPs using social media.

Results: Four hundred fifteen HCPs were participated. Most of them were younger than 30 years and majority of them were postgraduate trainees. Results showed gaps in the knowledge about basic infection control measure like donning/doffing and understanding about high-risk procedures. On job training, professional and administrative support is compromising. Many of HCPs are anxious nowadays, having symptoms related to burn out with logical reasons behind. Even with all those hurdles they are committed and ready to volunteer themselves.

Conclusion: The HCPs of Pakistan needs urgent attention for providing them Formal training regarding infection control measure. Administrative and professional support is required from institutions and scientific societies. Online teaching modules and webinar is a suitable option. The symptoms of burn out are significant and would increase with passage of time. This needs to be supported by occupational health committees.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2753

How to cite this:Irfan-Ul-Haq M, Shafiq F, Sheikh H. Potential Barriers amongst Health Care Professionals of Pakistan in managing COVID-19 patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S17-S21. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2753

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
New Horizons: COVID-19 and the Burden of Neuropsychiatric Illness in Pakistan
Authors: Hashmi Ali M , Saleem Haider Ali
Published: May 2020

This manuscript reviews the current state of knowledge about the burden of mental illness and assesses the impact of COVID-19 illness on mental health in Pakistan. For this we analyzed secondary data obtained from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study draws from a wide range of data sources to quantify global and regional effects of a disease. We also did a literature search on the effects of COVID-19 illness on mental health and the psychosocial effects of COVID-19 and other Corona virus related illnesses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Data from the studies obtained was utilized to extrapolate the anticipated effects of COVID-19 illness on healthcare workers, COVID-19 patients and the general public in Pakistan. Mental illness poses a significant challenge to Pakistan’s under resourced health care system. COVID-19 has the potential to strain Pakistan’s healthcare system to the breaking point. So far, the general morbidity from COVID-19 illness in Pakistan has been low compared to other countries but this could change in the coming weeks and months. Hidden within this crisis are also some opportunities for both healthcare and education.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2792

How to cite this:Hashmi AM, Saleem HA. New Horizons: COVID-19 and the Burden of Neuropsychiatric Illness in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S95-S98. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2792

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
New trends in radiology education, time to adapt locally
Authors: Khan Faheemullah , Khan Noman , Saeed Muhammad Arif
Published: May 2020

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2823

How to cite this:Khan F, Khan N, Saeed MA. New trends in radiology education, time to adapt locally. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S140. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2823

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Parental locus of control and the failure to obtain a child diagnosis: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Nowicki Stephen , Rai Dheeraj , Gregory Steve , Iles-Caven Yasmin , Ellis Genette , Golding Jean
Published: May 2020

Background:Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were analysed to investigate associations between parents’ locus of control (LOC) and their use of their children’s symptoms to pursue a diagnosis of autism. 

Methods:Comparison of parental LOC obtained prenatally with various aspects of the child’s (<12 years) development, used the prevalence of four autistic traits, to ascertain the likelihood that they qualified for an autism diagnosis.

Results:Parents with an external LOC had children who were more likely to demonstrate extreme levels of each of the four autistic traits (e.g. for social communication 8.9% of offspring of internal LOC versus 12.3% of external LOC mothers; P<0.0001). However, the rate of autism diagnosis was considerably greater if the mother was internal compared to external (13.3 v 9.6 per 1000). To determine whether the difference was autism specific, we compared parental LOC with children diagnosed with dyslexia and those with reading impairments. Although externals’ children had more reading impairment indicators than internals, this was not reflected by them being more likely to be diagnosed as dyslexic.

Conclusions:We conclude that children of parents with an externally oriented LOC may be less likely to be diagnosed appropriately than children of internally oriented parents. Interventions to increase parental internality may improve the likelihood of appropriate diagnoses and hence an improvement in child well-being.
Reflections of Research: halo in the heart
Authors: Fletcher Alexander
Published: May 2020

The annual image competition, Reflections of Research, provides a glimpse into the cutting-edge heart and circulatory research funded by the British Heart Foundation.
Evaluation of an educational intervention that aims to improve the keep/refer decision-making abilities of Austrian undergraduate physiotherapy students: a randomised pilot study
Authors: Lackenbauer Wolfgang , Janssen Jessie , Roddam Hazel , Selfe James
Published: May 2020

Background/Aims

An ongoing discussion about direct access to physiotherapy for patients with musculoskeletal pain disorders in Austria requires the development of a curriculum that educates physiotherapy students to make autonomous decisions to treat the patient without the need for medical referral (keep), to treat the patient with additional medical check-up (keep and refer) or to send the patient for medical evaluation without physiotherapeutic management (refer), and to recognise the presence of serious pathologies. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability and potential effectiveness of an educational intervention that was provided to Austrian physiotherapy students in their final semester of the 3-year undergraduate (bachelor) degree.

Methods

An educational intervention was given to Austrian physiotherapy students in their final semester of the 3-year undergraduate (bachelor) degree, which consisted of a single, 1-hour face-to-face case-based lecture on the principles of differential diagnosis, screening for possible red flag pathologies and review of the body systems. A control group did not receive the intervention, but both groups completed 11 validated vignettes.

Results

Half of Austrian universities (n=6/12) and 116 final year Austrian undergraduate physiotherapy students took part in the study. All students from the intervention group were satisfied with the intervention and 77.6% found the intervention beneficial for making keep/refer decisions based on clinical vignettes. Overall, 89.7% did not find the intervention too time consuming. A potential effectiveness of the intervention could not be demonstrated.

Conclusions

Future similar studies need to investigate if more teaching hours and/or if different educational methods are capable of improving the keep/refer decision-making abilities of Austrian undergraduate physiotherapy students.
COVID-19: Emerging guidance and treatment
Authors: Paterson Ruth
Published: May 2020

Ruth Paterson provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to non-medical prescribers. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided
Equine liver disease in the field. Part 2: causes and management
Authors: Tallon Rose , McGovern Kate
Published: May 2020

Causes of liver disease in the adult horse are numerous and varied. However, given the limited ways in which the liver responds to disease, identification of a specific aetiology is not achieved in many cases. Instead, treatment is undertaken on the basis of clinical findings and biopsy results. Recent areas of interest include toxic and viral hepatopathies, and the role of liver fluke in the horse.
Equine scintigraphy: basic principles and interpretation
Authors: Biggi Marianna
Published: May 2020

Bone scintigraphy is the only imaging technique able to demonstrate organ function rather than anatomical details. It involves intravenous injection of a radiopharmaceutical that binds to the bone structures and display alteration in osteoblastic activity. It is commonly used in horses presented for lameness investigation or poor performances, although the sensitivity of the technique in identifying the lesion causing lameness in poor performing sport horses was demonstrated to be low. Conversely, scintigraphy shows high sensitivity in detecting remodelling related to stress-related bone injury and stress fractures, which often occur in racehorses. It must be remembered, however, that the presence of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake does not necessarily indicate a lesion causing pain, and lameness and scintigraphy should be always used in conjunction with in-depth lameness investigation and, when possible, diagnostic analgesia.
Equine Review
Authors: Romero Yolanda Serrano , Crabtree James R.
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

For this edition of the Equine Review we thought it may be interesting to look at some papers published over the last few months relating to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) with new findings in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, a review of treatment options and the role of masks as protective measures against virus transmission.
A systematic review of imageless hand-held robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty: learning curve, accuracy, functional outcome and survivorship
Authors: Clement Nicholas D. , Al-Zibari Marwan , Afzal Irrum , Deehan David J. , Kader Deiary
Published: May 2020

The aim of this systematic review was to present and assess the quality of evidence for learning curve, component positioning, functional outcomes and implant survivorship for image-free hand-held robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty. Searches of PubMed and Google Scholar were performed in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. The criteria for inclusion was any published full-text article or abstract assessing image-free hand-held robotic knee arthroplasty and reporting learning curve, implant positioning, functional outcome or implant survival for clinical or non-clinical studies. There were 22 studies included. Five studies reported the learning curve: all were for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) – no learning curve for accuracy, operative time was reduced after five to 10 cases and a steady surgical time was achieved after eight cases. There were 16 studies reporting accuracy: rate of outliers was halved, higher rate of joint line and mechanical axis restoration, supported by low root mean square error values. Six studies reported functional outcome: all for UKA, improvement at six to 52 weeks, no difference from manual UKA except when assessed for lateral UKA which showed improved clinical outcomes. Two studies reported survivorship: one reported an unadjusted revision rate of 7% at 20 months for medial UKA and the other found a 99% two-year survival rate for UKA. There was evidence to support more accurate implant positioning for UKA, but whether this is related to superior functional outcomes or improved implant survivorship was not clear and further studies are required.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:319-326. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190065
Efeitos da Radiação Eletromagnética LASER em Diaphorina citri
Authors: Kalile Milena Oliveira , Magalhães Daniela , Ragni Mirco , Fancelli Marilene
Published: May 2020

Os níveis que a humanidade chegou no uso de pesticidas alarma os órgãos internacionais de controle da saúde coletiva, especialmente no Brasil. À toxicidade ambiental que aumenta, não corresponde um avanço no combate às pragas que afetam muitas das atividades produtivas. Por isso é necessário o uso de técnicas ambientalmente corretas e eficientes para garantir a subsistência da população mundial e o acesso a alimentos saudáveis. Neste trabalho é descrita a eficiência do uso do LASER na letalidade da Diaphorina citri pela exposição direta e indireta à radiação, e a perspectiva de limitar sua dispersão entre pomares cítricos ao acoplar o LASER a um sistema de reconhecimento e morte de insetos. Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos sugerem a utilização em outros tipos de pragas.
Sobre as Bases de Referência Celeste
Authors: Poppe P.C.R. , Martin V.A.F.
Published: May 2020

Ao longo deste artigo, apresentamos, como continuidade à discussão apresentada no trabalho anterior [1], uma primeira discussão sobre algumas das principais bases de referência utilizadas em Astronomia. Da mesma forma, esperamos que o presente texto possa ser utilizado ao longo doscursos de Introdução À Astronomia das atuais graduações de Física e áreas afins.
Análise Algébrica de Transferências Orbitais Sujeitas a Desvios Superpostos em "Pitch" e "Yaw"
Authors: De Jesus A.D.C.
Published: May 2020

Os efeitos de desvios em direção do vetor empuxo em manobras de transferência orbital de um veículo espacial podem gerar desalinhamentos definitivos, afastando-o da sua trajetória final nominal. Manobras de correção são implementadas, mas estes desvios tendem a aumentar durante o tempo de vida do veículo pelo desgaste do sistema propulsor. As manobras de correção, neste período, não conseguem alcançar seus objetivos e o veículo é perdido, devido as forças dissipativas e os desvios do sistema propulsor. O entendimento de como estes desvios interferem na órbita final é de grande importância para o controle de uma missão sujeita a desvios em "pitch" e "yaw". Neste trabalho, mostramos a relação algébrica e existente entre os desvios nestes ângulos e seus efeitos em elementos keplerianos importantes que definem a órbita final do veículo. Esta análise permite o estabelecimento teórico e exato entre os valores médios destas grandezas numa relação de causa e efeito não-linear, que prevê os casos de superposição dos efeitos na direção de queima nos propulsores. Os efeitos das forças dissipativas foram considerados desprezíveis em relação aos efeitos destes desvios durante a manobra de transferência orbital.
Astronomia no Infravermelho de Estrelas Variáveis
Authors: Lopes C.E.F , Pereira M.G.
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho tem por objetivo fazer um estudo fotométrico de estrelas variáveis utilizando dados fotométricos do projeto 2 Micron All Sky Survey. Foram analisados dados de fotometria infravermelho nas bandas JHKs de cinco tipos de estrelas variáveis: Wolf Rayet, RS Canum Venaticorum, Sistemas Binários de Raios-X, Fontes Super Soft e Estrelas Simbióticas. As materializações de diagramas Cor-Cor permitiram um estudo das propriedades fotométricas infravermelho intrínsecas destas fontes, eassim obteve-se uma ferramenta para identificação de alvos para estudos mais detalhados a serem realizados posteriormente com telescópios de maior porte.
Dinâmica de Galáxia e Matéria Escura
Authors: Campos Juliano Pereira , Madejsky Rainer
Published: May 2020

Apresentamos neste trabalho uma análise da curva de rotação de galáxias espirais. Utilizamos alguns modelos analíticos na tentativa de obter uma expressão para a distribuição de massa da matéria escura, como uma possível solução para o "problema da matéria faltante". Uma combinação de modelos analíticos para descrever as distribuições de massa para matéria visível e matéria escura foram utilizados, respectivamente, a da Lei de Plummer e a da Esfera Isoterma. Salientamos que, mesmo tendo obtidos bons resultados, os modelos analíticos tratados neste trabalho não são os mais aperfeiçoados, e que nenhum outro fechou completamente o problema estudado.
Novas Tecnologias em Educação: o uso dos recursos da informática na educação científica
Authors: Dos Anjos Antônio Jorge Sena
Published: May 2020

No presente trabalho, apresentamos uma breve e panorâmica visão crítica sobre o uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação na Educação e em especial na Educação em Ciências. Mais precisamente, buscamos centrar nossa atenção nos recursos da informática, com ênfase para o uso e adequação dos programas de simulação no ensino da Física.
Dynamic behavioural changes in an agent-based econophysics tax compliance model: bomb crater versus target effects and efficient audit strategies
Authors: Berger Wolfram , Hokamp Sascha , Seibold Götz
Published: May 2020

We investigate a heterogeneous Ising model in the context of tax evasion dynamics, where different types of agents are parameterised via local temperatures and magnetic fields. Our work focuses on the dynamic behavioural change of agents after an audit, which either corresponds to a temporal reduction or enhancement of compliance, also known under the terms of ‘bomb crater effect’ and ‘target effect’, respectively. We analyse this effect for different types of agents: endogenously non-compliant types; agents that have a tendency to copy (non-)compliant behaviour from their social environment; ethical agents with strong endogenous moral attitudes; and random types that show large fluctuations between compliant and non-compliant behaviour. Each type influences overall tax evasion differently and our model predicts that, interestingly, increasing the audit probability can have the counter-intuitive effect of increasing tax evasion under certain circumstances. We analyse audit strategies that can suppress this effect, and thus contribute to the burgeoning literature on the actual impact of tax audits.
Aerogel scattering filters for cosmic microwave background observations
Authors: Essinger-Hileman Thomas , Bennett Charles L. , Corbett Lance , Guo Haiquan , Helson Kyle , Marriage Tobias , Meador Mary Ann B. , Rostem Karwan , Wollack Edward J.
Published: May 2020

We present the design and performance of broadband and tunable infrared-blocking filters for millimeter and submillimeter astronomy composed of small scattering particles embedded in an aerogel substrate. The ultralow-density (typically

<

150

m
g

/

c
m

3

) aerogel substrate provides an index of refraction as low as 1.05, removing the need for antireflection coatings and allowing for broadband operation from DC to above 1 THz. The size distribution of the scattering particles can be tuned to provide a variable cutoff frequency. Aerogel filters with embedded high-resistivity silicon powder are being produced at 40 cm diameter to enable large-aperture cryogenic receivers for cosmic microwave background polarimeters, which require large arrays of sub-Kelvin detectors in their search for the signature of an inflationary gravitational-wave background.
Once more and for eternity? Facing the horror of cosmic recurrence in Southbound
Authors: Zager Brian
Published: May 2020

In this article, I examine how the use of repetition structures in the 2015 horror film Southbound accentuate the genre’s concern regarding the relationship between a peculiar experience of time and the emotion of fear. While analysis of the urge to repeat in horror texts can be examined through a psychoanalytic lens, I suggest that applying a Nietzschean perspective provides an equally helpful framework for reading these films at the levels of both form and content. Specifically, Nietzsche’s doctrine of eternal recurrence offers us much in the way of understanding these films which use a time-loop device to disrupt the experience of both the characters and audience. After delineating how Nietzsche’s ideas can help guide analysis of such repeated action tropes in horror, I provide a close reading of Southbound in an attempt to flesh out this particular theoretical orientation.
Forging reality: Surface and reductionism in the work of Dick Bengtsson
Authors: Willems Simon
Published: May 2020

This article considers the work of the late Swedish painter Dick Bengtsson. It is conceived in an attempt to locate Bengtsson’s complex use of surface beyond the discourse of ‘sign games’ that has largely surrounded his practice to date. In addressing the limitations of a postmodern agenda concerned with Bengtsson’s prowess as a particular type of conceptual artist, this article explores his use of materials within individual artworks to elucidate less developed dimensions within his production.
The context of medium specificity: From Riegl to Greenberg
Authors: Palin Tom
Published: May 2020

By the mid-1960s the notion of medium specificity had come to define that which was most insular and protectionist about painting, with the idea of medium specificity entirely synonymous with the formalist criticism of Clement Greenberg. As such, the richness of the term, and its historical situatedness, was lost behind a particular defence of the virtues of modernist painting. This article attempts to draw out the history and nuances of medium specificity: to trace its development within an extended body of speculation – commonly termed formalist – in order to re-open a discussion, too often sidestepped within contemporary discourse, as to the relationship that exists between the work of art and that which the work of art can claim to bear witness to.
Accuracy of methods for diagnosing heart diseases in cats
Authors: Laudhittirut Tanarut , Rujivipat Natrada , Saringkarisate Kornnicha , Soponpattana Peeraya , Tunwichai Teerawat , Surachetpong Sirilak Disatian
Published: May 2020

Aim: This study aimed to determine the accuracy of the current methods for diagnosing heart diseases in cats. Materials and Methods: The data of 58 cats were retrospectively retrieved. Cats were classified into two groups: Thirty-eight cats with heart diseases and 20 healthy cats. Echocardiography was the gold standard method for diagnosing heart disease. The results of seven methods were retrieved: (1) Vertebral heart score (VHS) with a cutoff value >8, (2) VHS with a cutoff value >8.5, (3) multiplication of cardiac length (L) and width (W), (4) multiplication of cardiac L and W divided by the L of the fourth sternal thoracic bone, (5) N-terminal Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) point-of-care test, (6) subjective ultrasonographic assessment of the left atrial size, and (7) subjective radiographic assessment of the left atrial size. Cross-tabulation was used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for each test. This study found that using the NT-proBNP point-of-care test was optimal in the diagnosis of cats with heart disease. Results: The subjective ultrasonographic assessment of the left atrial size was good for diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Conclusion: This study showed that the more tests used, the higher the reliability of the diagnosis.