bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alkalinity Initiated Decomposition of Mediating Imidazolium Ions in High Current Density CO2 Electrolysis
Authors: Neubauer Sebastian S. , Schmid Bernhard , Reller Christian , Guldi Dirk M. , Schmid Günter
Published: October 2016

Aqueous ionic liquid electrolytes featuring the promising 1,3‐dialkyl‐ and 1,2,3‐trialkyl‐imidazolium cations are reported in CO2 electrolysis up to 200 mA cm−2. A close‐to‐application flow cell setup equipped with silver gas diffusion electrode to overcome CO2 mass transport limitations was used. Faraday efficiencies for CO as high as 68 % were achieved, while inhibiting the hydrogen evolution reaction. Particular attention is paid to the stability of the ionic liquids, which is determined by 1H NMR spectroscopic measurements. The root cause of decomposition is the formation of hydroxide ions through reduction reactions. A high local pH arises that depends on the current density. The water content is also found to play a key role. An overall mechanism is proposed from analysis of the decomposition products including methylamine, ethylamine, formate, acetate and N1‐ethyl‐N2‐methylethane‐1,2‐diamine. Methylation of the susceptible C2 position of the imidazolium ring fails to stabilize the system under high conversion rate electrolysis conditions.
Crowded Star Mesogens: Guest‐Controlled Stability of Mesophases from Unconventional Liquid‐Crystal Molecules
Authors: Lehmann Matthias , Maier Philipp , Grüne Matthias , Hügel Markus
Published: October 2016

The molecular design of crowded hexasubstituted star mesogens based on a benzene core and alternating substitution with oligo(phenylenevinylene) arms and aryl units generates free space between the conjugated arm scaffolds. Various arylcarboxy building blocks, decorated with alkoxy chains, have been incorporated in the void by mixing, hydrogen bonding or covalent bonds to the aryl groups. The mesogens assemble in columnar stacks ranging from soft crystals to rectangular and hexagonal columnar liquid crystals, revealed by polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray scattering and modelling. The stability of the mesophases is crucially influenced by the binding mode of the arylcarboxy guest building blocks. The origin of the variation in clearing temperature is unravelled by modelling, cohesive energy density considerations and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The control over the transition temperature is important for the formation of aligned thin films and thus for potential applications.
Triggering Emission with the Helical Turn in Thiadiazole‐Helicenes
Authors: Biet Thomas , Martin Kévin , Hankache Jihane , Hellou Nora , Hauser Andreas , Bürgi Thomas , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Aharon Tal , Caricato Marco , Crassous Jeanne , Avarvari Narcis
Published: October 2016

Introduction of heterocycles into the helical skeleton of helicenes allows modulation of their redox, chiroptical, and photophysical properties. This paper describes the straightforward preparation and structural characterization by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction of thiadiazole‐[7]helicene, which was resolved into M and P enantiomers by chiral HPLC, together with its S‐shaped double [4]helicene isomer, as well as the smaller congeners thiadiazole‐[5]helicene and benzothiadiazole‐anthracene. A copper(II) complex with two thiadiazole‐[5]helicene ligands was structurally characterized, and it shows the presence of both M and P isomers coordinated to the metal center. The emission properties of the heterohelicenes are highly dependent on the helical turn, as the [7]‐ and [5]helicene are poorly emissive, whereas their isomers, that is, the S‐shaped double [4]helicene and thiadiazole‐benzanthracene, are luminescent, with quantum efficiencies of 5.4 and 6.5 %, respectively. DFT calculations suggest quenching of the luminescence of enantiopure [7]helicenes through an intersystem‐crossing mechanism arising from the relaxed excited S1 state.
Nanoscale MnII‐Coordination Polymers for Cell Imaging and Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Sarkar Koushik , Dastidar Parthasarathi
Published: October 2016

A mixed ligand approach was exploited to synthesize a new series of MnII‐based coordination polymers (CPs), namely, CP1 {[Mn(μ‐dpa)(μ‐4,4′‐bp)]⋅MeOH}∞, CP2 {[Mn3(μ‐dpa)3(2,2′‐bp)2]}∞, CP3 {[Mn3(μ‐dpa)3(1,10‐phen)2]⋅2 H2O}∞, CP4 {[Mn(μ‐dpa)(μ‐4,4′‐bpe)1.5]⋅H2O}∞, CP5 {[Mn2(μ‐dpa)2(μ‐4,4′‐bpe)2]⋅
 DEF}∞, and CP6 {[Mn(μ‐dpa)(μ‐4,4′‐bpe)1.5]⋅
 DMA}∞ (dpa=3,5‐dicarboxyphenyl azide, 2,2′‐bp=2,2′‐bipyridine, 1,10‐phen=1,10‐phenanthroline, 4,4′‐bpe=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene, 4,4′‐bp=4,4′‐bipyridine, DEF=N,N‐diethylformamide, DMA=N,N‐dimethylacetamide), to develop multifunctional CPs. Various techniques, such as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SXRD), FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis, were employed to fully characterize these CPs. The majority of the CPs displayed a four‐connected sql topology, whereas CP4 and CP6 exhibited a two‐dimensional SnS network architecture, which was further entangled in a polycatenation mode. Compound CP1 displayed an open framework structure. The CPs were scaled down to the nanoregime in a ball mill for cell imaging studies. Whereas CP2 and CP4 were employed for cell imaging with RAW264.7 cells, CP1 was exploited for both cell imaging and heterogeneous catalysis in a cyanosilylation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation into the Effect on Structure of Oxoanion Doping in Na2M(SO4)2·2H2O.
Authors: Driscoll L. L. , Kendrick E. , Wright A. J. , Slater P. R.
Published: October 2016

The effect of transition metal ions and doping by isoelectronic SeO42‐ or PO3F2‐ anions on structures and structural transitions of Na2M(SO4)·2H2O (M: transition metal) are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structures of Type‐I Clathrates: Rb6Na2Ge44.89(1), Cs6Na2Zn4Ge42 and Cs6.40(1)Na1.60(1)Ga8Ge38.
Authors: Zhang Hui , Mu Gang , Huang Fuqiang , Xie Xiaoming
Published: October 2016

Rb6Na2Ge44.89, Cs6Na2Zn4Ge42, and Cs6.40Na1.60Ga8Ge38 are prepared by solid state reaction of the elements in stoichiometric proportions (Ta container in evacuated quartz ampoules, 650 °C, 1—2 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Solution Pb1‐xEuxTe: Constitution and Thermoelectric Behavior.
Authors: Wang Xin‐Ke , Veremchuk Igor , Bobnar Matej , Zhao Jing‐Tai , Grin Yuri
Published: October 2016

Polycrystalline Pb1‐xEuxTe samples (x = 0—0.5) are prepared by melting stoichiometric amounts of the elements (graphite‐coated evacuated silica tubes, 1273 K, 6 h) followed by spark plasma sintering of the pelletized product (673 K, 60 MPa, 7 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Thermoelectric Performance of Cu1‐x‐δAgxInTe2 Diamond‐Like Materials with a Pseudocubic Crystal Structure.
Authors: Liu Ruiheng , Qin Yuting , Cheng Nian , Zhang Jiawei , Shi Xun , Grin Yuri , Chen Lidong
Published: October 2016

Polycrystalline samples of the title thermoelectric solid solution of title (x = 0—0.5, δ = 0.02—0.05) are prepared by melting and annealing stoichiometric amounts of the elements (graphite crucible in evacuated silica tubes, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented 3D and 2D Frameworks of Manganese Thioarsenates Based on Heterometallic Cubic Cluster [Mn6(μ6‐S)(AsS3)4] and Covalent Linker N2H4.
Authors: Tang Chunying , Shen Yali , Sun Peipei , Liu ShuZhen , Han Jingyu , Liu Yun , Sun Hui , Jia Dingxian
Published: October 2016

Compounds (IV) and (V) are characterized by single crystal XRD and UV/VIS spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Redox Transformations of Bridging Sulfide Ligands within Bioctahedral Rhenium Cluster Anions.
Authors: Gayfulin Yakov M. , Smolentsev Anton I. , Yanshole Lyudmila V. , Kozlova Svetlana G. , Mironov Yuri V.
Published: October 2016

Experimental data on the reactivity of sulfur‐based ligands connected to Re atoms are provided.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure, Properties, and Disorder in the New Distorted‐Hollandite PbIr4Se8.
Authors: Trump Benjamin A. , McQueen Tyrel M.
Published: October 2016

The polycrystalline title compound is prepared by annealing the elements in a ratio corresponding to (PbSe)1.1(IrSe2)2 (Ar filled silica tubes, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: MgII‐Mediated Catalytic Asymmetric Dearomatization (CADA) Reaction of β‐Naphthols with Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates.
Authors: Wang Linqing , Yang Dongxu , Li Dan , Wang Pengxin , Wang Kezhou , Wang Jie , Jiang Xianxing , Wang Rui
Published: October 2016

This reaction proceeds under ambient temperature and gives a series of chiral trisubstituted olefins with good chemoselectivities, Z/E ratios, and excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Deoxygenation of Aryl Ketones to Arylalkanes Catalyzed by Dioxidomolybdenum Complexes.
Authors: Sousa Sara C. A. , Fernandes Tiago A. , Fernandes Ana C.
Published: October 2016

Catalyst is recyclable and reusable up to 12 times with only slight decrease in its activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Enantioselective Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of N‐Aryl Glycine Esters with Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Xie Zhiyu , Liu Xigong , Liu Lei
Published: October 2016

The first catalytic enantioselective cross‐coupling of a C(sp3)—H substrate with alkynes using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical C—H Functionalization and Subsequent C—S and C—N Bond Formation: Paired Electrosynthesis of 3‐Amino‐2‐thiocyanato‐α,β‐unsaturated Carbonyl Derivatives Mediated by Bromide Ions.
Authors: Kang Li‐Shuo , Luo Mi‐Hai , Lam Chiu Marco , Hu Li‐Ming , Little R. Daniel , Zeng Cheng‐Chu
Published: October 2016

The electrochemical reaction of dicarbonyl compounds (I) and (VII) with ammonium carbamodithioate (II) as a sole amino and thiocyanate source gives rise to (E)‐adducts (III) and (VIII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Methylation of Dihydroxybenzene Derivatives with Dimethyl Carbonate.
Authors: Lui Matthew Y. , Lokare Kapil S. , Hemming Ellen , Stanley Jessica N. G. , Perosa Alvise , Selva Maurizio , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas
Published: October 2016

1,2‐ and 1,4‐dihydroxybenzene undergo microwave assisted O‐methylation to give bis‐methyl ethers in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Conversion of Alcohols into Carboxylic Acid Salts in Water: Scope, Recycling, and Mechanistic Insights.
Authors: Zhang Lei , Nguyen Duc Hanh , Raffa Guillaume , Trivelli Xavier , Capet Frederic , Desset Simon , Paul Sebastien , Dumeignil Franck , Gauvin Regis M.
Published: October 2016

The low to excellent product yield strongly depends on the substrates′ substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Catalyzed Reductive Three‐Component Coupling Reaction of Aliphatic/Aromatic Carboxylic Acids with t‐Butyl Mercaptan Leading to Unsymmetrical Dialkyl Sulfides.
Authors: Sakai Norio , Yoshimoto Shunsuke , Miyazaki Takahiro , Ogiwara Yohei
Published: October 2016

An Ir/hydrosilane reducing system catalyzes a three‐component coupling reaction of aliphatic carboxylic acids (I)/(IV), aromatic carboxylic acids (II) and t‐butyl mercaptan, which serves as one sulfur source in the sulfide skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles: A Green and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Spiro[indole‐3,2′‐pyrrole]‐2,5′(1H,1′H)‐diones.
Authors: Meghyasi Roghaiieh , Safaei‐Ghomi Javad , Sharif Mahboubeh A.
Published: October 2016

The catalyst can be recovered magnetically and reused in five consecutive runs with only two percent decrease in yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting the σ‐Phylic Properties of Cationic Gold(I) Catalysts in the Ring Opening Reactions of Aziridines with Indoles.
Authors: Rossi Elisabetta , Abbiati Giorgio , Dell'Acqua Monica , Negrato Marco , Paganoni Andrea , Pirovano Valentina
Published: October 2016

Starting from 2‐substituted indoles the title transformation gives rise to a large range of tryptamine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: The Organocatalytic Approach to Enantiopure 2H‐ and 3H‐Pyrroles: Inhibitors of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway.
Authors: Koetzner Lisa , Leutzsch Markus , Sievers Sonja , Patil Sumersing , Waldmann Herbert , Zheng Yiying , Thiel Walter , List Benjamin
Published: October 2016

The divergent approach to enantioenriched 2H‐ and 3H‐pyrroles makes use of a Fischer‐type indolization and a subsequent [1,5]‐alkyl shift.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Construction of the Hexahydrocoumarin Scaffold via an Organocatalytic Asymmetric [3 + 3] Cyclization.
Authors: Yang Xue , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Zhu Qiu‐Ning , Tu Man‐Su , Shi Feng
Published: October 2016

The scalable title reaction between 2‐arylidene‐2‐aryloxazol‐5(4H)‐ones and cyclohexane‐1,3‐diones to biologically important hexahydrocoumarins is described.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Generated Hypoiodite Activator for the C2 Sulfonylation of Heteroaromatic N‐Oxides.
Authors: Su Yuan , Zhou Xuejun , He Chunlian , Zhang Wei , Ling Xiao , Xiao Xia
Published: October 2016

A novel NaI/tert‐butyl hydroperoxide‐mediated direct α‐sulfonylation of heteroaromatic N‐oxides with sulfonyl hydrazides is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization of Ketoxime Acetates with Pyridines for the Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Ren Zhi‐Hui , Zhao Mi‐Na , Yi Yukun , Wang Yao‐Yu , Guan Zheng‐Hui
Published: October 2016

The utility of this method is demonstrated in the synthesis of zolimidine (IIIg).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Green and Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐α]quinoxalines in Water
Authors: Piltan Mohammad
Published: October 2016

by three‐component condensation of various 1,2‐diamines with dibenzoylacetylene or dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of ethyl bromopyruvate
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Hydroboration of Propargyl‐Functionalized Alkynes in Water.
Authors: da Costa Jessie S. , Braun Roger K. , Horn Pedro A. , Luedtke Diogo S. , Moro Angelica V.
Published: October 2016

A regioselective green hydroboration of alkynes gives α‐ or β‐boryl derivatives at room temperature in water using a micellar solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed sp3 and sp2 C—H Alkynylation Promoted by a 1,2,3‐Triazole Amine Directing Group.
Authors: Ye Xiaohan , Xu Chang , Wojtas Lukasz , Akhmedov Novruz G. , Chen Hao , Shi Xiaodong
Published: October 2016

A triazolylamine is proved to be an effective directing group in promoting both sp3 and sp2 C—H alkynylations under Pd‐catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorinated Thiazole‐Containing Polyketide‐Peptides from the Caribbean Sponge Smenospongia conulosa: Structure Elucidation on Microgram Scale.
Authors: Esposito Germana , Della Sala Gerardo , Teta Roberta , Caso Alessia , Bourguet‐Kondracki Marie‐Lise , Pawlik Joseph R. , Mangoni Alfonso , Costantino Valeria
Published: October 2016

Studies of non‐ribosomal peptide/polyketide (NRP/PK) hybrid compounds in the holobiome of the Caribbean marine sponge Smenospongia conulosa leads to the isolation of two new chlorinated thiazole‐containing metabolites, conulothiazoles A (I) and B (II), along with four NRP/PK hybrids previously isolated from a different Smenospongia species.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioinspired Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Mirabello Giulia , Lenders Jos J. M. , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M.
Published: October 2016

Review: 230 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Application of Photocatalytic Metal—Metal Oxide Core—Shell Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation and Their Recycling Process
Authors: Mondal Kunal , Sharma Ashutosh
Published: October 2016

Review: 234 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multidimensional Perovskites: A Mixed Cation Approach Towards Ambient Stable and Tunable Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Koh Teck Ming , Thirumal Krishnamoorthy , Soo Han Sen , Mathews Nripan
Published: October 2016

Review: [92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Pillar[n]arenes: Synthesis and Applications Based on Host—Guest Interactions
Authors: Yang Kui , Pei Yuxin , Wen Jia , Pei Zhichao
Published: October 2016

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods for Synthesis of N‐heterocyclyl/Heteroaryl‐ .Alpha.‐aminophosphonates and .Alpha.‐(azaheterocyclyl)phosphonates
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Reda M. , Ali Tarik E. , Abdel‐Kariem Somaia M.
Published: October 2016

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes in Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhao Dongbing , Candish Lisa , Paul Daniel , Glorius Frank
Published: October 2016

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in C—CN Bond Formation via C—H Bond Activation
Authors: Ping Yuanyuan , Ding Qiuping , Peng Yiyuan
Published: October 2016

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Application of Amino Acids: Key Building Blocks in Design and Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Vavsari Vaezeh Fathi
Published: October 2016

Review: 205 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Porphyrins as Catalysts in Scalable Organic Reactions
Authors: Barona‐Castano Juan C. , Carmona‐Vargas Christian C. , Brocksom Timothy J. , de Oliveira Kleber T.
Published: October 2016

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,1‐Benzisoxazoles
Authors: Budruev Andrei V. , Dzhons Daria Yu.
Published: October 2016

Review: [16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Synthesis of Isocoumarins
Authors: Saeed Aamer , Larik Fayaz Ali
Published: October 2016

Review: [22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecularly Fine‐Regulated Enantioselective Catalysts
Authors: Vaquero Monica , Rovira Laura , Vidal‐Ferran Anton
Published: October 2016

Review: [35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Transformation of Aryl Chlorides and Aryl Tosylates
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: October 2016

Review: [32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Toolbox for Antibiotics Discovery from Microorganisms
Authors: Fisch Katja M. , Schaeberle Till F.
Published: October 2016

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Public‐Private Partnerships in Lead Discovery: Overview and Case Studies
Authors: Gottwald Matthias , Becker Andreas , Bahr Inke , Mueller‐Fahrnow Anke
Published: October 2016

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Evolution of Physicochemical Properties of Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 (MCHr1) Antagonists.
Authors: Johansson Anders
Published: October 2016

Review: [41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Tweezers for Lysine and Arginine — Powerful Inhibitors of Pathologic Protein Aggregation
Authors: Schrader Thomas , Bitan Gal , Klaerner Frank‐Gerrit
Published: October 2016

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiamine‐Diphosphate‐Dependent Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for the Asymmetric Benzoin‐Type Reaction
Authors: Giovannini Pier Paolo , Bortolini Olga , Massi Alessandro
Published: October 2016

Review: [85 refs.
Study on simulation of pulverized coal gasification process in the GSP gasifier
Authors: Su Li , Feng Shengdan , Li Ping , Zhang Yue , Liu Zeyi , Li Zhuangmei
Published: October 2016

A model of entrained‐flow coal gasifier (1920 t/d and single nozzle) was established to simulate the gasification process of pulverized coal from Ningxia of China on the basis of ANSYS Fluent. In order to simulate the characteristics of the coal gasification process, the Lagrange model was adopted to obtain properties of particles, and the standard k‐ϵ turbulence model was applied to the gas phase flow. Meanwhile, the species transport model and modified eddy‐dissipation model (EDM) were used to simulate the species transport and gas phase reaction, respectively. Radiation heat transfer was modelled with the P1 model. The simulation results were in good agreement with the actual production data. In addition, the effects of the pressure, temperature, oxygen‐coal ratio, and steam‐coal ratio on the gasification process were studied using this model. It was found that increasing the gasification pressure had little effect on the composition of outlet gas. The concentration of CO and H2 increased with the increase of temperature. The best oxygen‐coal ratio range was 0.70–0.85 for this gasifier and coal sample. The steam‐coal ratio was decided by the actual operating conditions of the gasification. The simulation of the coal gasification process can predict the details of flow field, temperature field, velocity field, and concentration field in the gasifier. It is helpful to clearly understand coal gasification behaviour inside the gasifier so as to better understand the actual gasification process. Furthermore the simulation method is practicable in the gasifier design and structure optimization, and also supplies some useful data to assist the production operation.
Dynamic optical contrast imaging as a novel modality for rapidly distinguishing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma from surrounding normal tissue
Authors: Tajudeen Bobby A. , Taylor Zachary D. , Garritano James , Cheng Harrison , Pearigen Aidan , Sherman Adria J. , Palma‐Diaz Fernando , Mishra Pratik , Bhargava Siddharth , Pesce Julianna , Kim Irene , Sebastian Christine , Razfar Ali , Papour Asael , Stafsudd Oscar , Grundfest Warren , St. John Maie
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are debilitating diseases for which a patient's prognosis depends heavily on complete tumor resection. Currently, the surgeon's fingers determine the location of tissue margins. This study evaluated the diagnostic utility of a novel imaging modality, dynamic optical contrast imaging (DOCI), in the detection of HNSCC. This system generates contrast by illuminating the tissue with pulsed light and detecting variations in endogenous fluorophore lifetimes.

METHODS

A total of 47 fresh ex vivo samples from 15 patients were imaged with the DOCI system immediately after surgical resection. DOCI maps were analyzed to determine the statistical significance of contrast between tumors and adjacent nonmalignant tissue. Pilot intraoperative clinical data were also acquired.

RESULTS

Statistical significance (P < .05) between muscle and tumor was established for 10 of 10 emission wavelengths, between collagen and tumor for 8 of 10 emission wavelengths, and between fat and tumor for 2 of 10 wavelengths. The system extracted relative fluorescence decay information in a surgically relevant field of view in <2 minutes.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the feasibility of using DOCI to rapidly and accurately distinguish HNSCC from surrounding normal tissue. An analysis of DOCI images revealed microscopic characterization sufficient for tissue‐type identification consistent with histology. Such an intraoperative tool would be transformative by allowing the rapid delineation of tumor tissue from nontumor tissue and thus maximizing the efficacy of resection and improving patient outcomes. Cancer 2017;123:879–86. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
The experience of treatment barriers and their influence on quality of life in American Indian/Alaska Native breast cancer survivors
Authors: Goodwin Elizabeth A. , Burhansstipanov Linda , Dignan Mark , Jones Katherine L. , Kaur Judith Salmon
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) breast cancer survivors experience disparities in breast cancer incidence and age‐adjusted mortality compared with non‐Hispanic white (NHW) breast cancer survivors. In addition, mortality‐to‐incidence rates indicate that AI/ANs continue to have the poorest survival from breast cancer compared with other racial groups. “Native American Cancer Education for Survivors” (NACES) is a cultural education and support intervention for AI/AN patients with cancer that collects data from voluntary participants through the NACES quality‐of‐life (QOL) survey regarding their cancer experience and survivor journey.

METHODS

Data from the NACES QOL survey were analyzed to determine whether barriers accessing and during initial cancer treatment impacted QOL domains for AI/AN cancer survivors. Exploratory analyses of selected variables were conducted and were followed by Kruskal‐Wallis tests to determine whether these barriers influenced survivorship QOL for AI/AN breast cancer survivors.

RESULTS

AI/AN breast cancer survivors' social QOL was significantly affected by barriers to accessing cancer treatment. Many respondents experienced barriers, including a lack of cancer care at local clinics and the distance traveled to receive cancer care. During treatment, too much paperwork and having to wait too long in the clinic for cancer care were the most frequently reported barriers.

CONCLUSIONS

Treatment barriers influence AI/AN breast cancer survivors' social QOL. Mediating these barriers is crucial to ameliorating AI/AN survivors' disparities when accessing and completing cancer treatment and improving survivorship QOL. Cancer 2017;123:861–68. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
T‐lymphocyte and glycemic status after vitamin D treatment in type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial with sequential crossover
Authors: Bogdanou D. , Penna‐Martinez M. , Filmann N. , Chung T.L. , Moran‐Auth Y. , Wehrle J. , Cappel C. , Huenecke S. , Herrmann E. , Koehl U. , Badenhoop K.
Published: October 2016

Background

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is mediated by autoaggressive T effector cells with an underlying regulatory T‐cell (Treg) defect. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in T1D, which can aggravate immune dysfunction. High‐dose vitamin D treatment may enhance Tregs and improve metabolism in T1D patients.

Methods

In a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial with crossover design, patients received either for 3 months cholecalciferol 4000 IU/d followed by 3 months placebo or the sequential alternative. Thirty‐nine T1D patients (19 women and 20 men) completed the trial.

Results

Primary outcome was a change of Tregs, secondary HbA1C, and insulin demand. Effects were evaluated based on intra‐individual changes between treatment and placebo periods for outcome measures. Exploratory analyses included vitamin D system variant genotyping and C‐peptide measurements. Median 25(OH)D3 increased to 38.8 ng/ml with males showing a significantly stronger increase (p = .003). T‐lymphocyte profiles did not change significantly (p > 2); however, the intra‐individual change of Tregs between males and females was different with a significantly stronger increase in men (p = .017), as well as between genotypes of the vitamin D receptor (Apa, Taq, and Bsm: genotypes aa, TT, and bb; p = .004–0.015). Insulin demands declined significantly (p = .003–.039) and HbA1C improved (p < .001). Random C‐peptide levels were low but rising (median, 0.125 ng/ml; range, 0.02–0.3) in 6 patients. No toxicity was observed.

Conclusion

A daily vitamin D dose of 4000 IU for 3 months was well tolerated and enhanced Tregs in males. Glucometabolic control improved in all. Subsequent larger trials need to address ß‐cell function and genotyping for individualized vitamin D doses.
Collateral damage to marine and terrestrial ecosystems from Yankee whaling in the 19th century
Authors: Drew Joshua , López Elora H. , Gill Lucy , McKeon Mallory , Miller Nathan , Steinberg Madeline , Shen Christa , McClenachan Loren
Published: October 2016

Yankee whalers of the 19th century had major impacts on populations of large whales, but these leviathans were not the only taxa targeted. Here, we describe the “collateral damage,” the opportunistic or targeted taking of nongreat whale species by the American whaling industry. Using data from 5,064 records from 79 whaling logs occurring between 1840 and 1901, we show that Yankee whalers captured 5,255 animals across three large ocean basins from 32 different taxonomic categories, including a wide range of marine and terrestrial species. The taxa with the greatest number of individuals captured were walruses (Odobenus rosmarus), ducks (family Anatidae), and cod (Gadus sp.). By biomass, the most captured species were walruses, grampus (a poorly defined group within Odontoceti), and seals (family Otariidae). The whalers captured over 2.4 million kg of nongreat whale meat equaling approximately 34 kg of meat per ship per day at sea. The species and areas targeted shifted over time in response to overexploitation of whale populations, with likely intensive local impacts on terrestrial species associated with multiyear whaling camps. Our results show that the ecosystem impacts of whaling reverberated on both marine and coastal environments.
The absorption and evaporation of water vapor by epiphytes in an old‐growth Douglas‐fir forest during the seasonal summer dry season: Implications for the canopy energy budget
Authors: Pypker Thomas G. , Unsworth Michael H. , Van Stan John T. , Bond Barbara J.
Published: October 2016

Our goal was to determine how epiphytic lichens and bryophytes affect canopy latent heat fluxes in an old‐growth Douglas‐fir forest when the canopy was dry. The epiphyte water content (WCe expressed as a percent of dry weight) of representative epiphytic foliose lichens, fruticose lichens, and bryophytes was measured in the laboratory after 1 to 12 hr of exposure at five different values of vapor pressure deficit (VPD). After 12 hr of exposure, WCe increased fivefold to sixfold as VPD decreased from 1849 to 132 Pa. In addition, we measured WCe in the field using strain gauges. These field measurements were used to calibrate the models described below. Two models were created to estimate the potential latent heat flux from epiphytes at the canopy scale (LEe). The first model combined measured total biomass of epiphytes with a model that estimated the laboratory determined VPD‐dependent changes in WCe of the lichens/bryophytes (VPD method). The second model estimated LEe by scaling the change in WCe of epiphyte‐laden branches that were continuously monitored in situ in the canopy by a strain gauge (SG method). Both methods showed a strong diurnal trend in LEe when VPD was less than 645 Pa. Prior to sunrise, the epiphytes absorbed water, corresponding to a latent heat flux of 5 to 15 W/m2 per unit ground area, whereas after sunrise, the epiphytes lost water at a rate of −10 to −20 W/m2. For short periods, epiphytes may contribute a significant portion of the latent heat flux from Douglas‐fir forests.
Ecosystem engineers drive creek formation in salt marshes
Authors: Vu Huy D. , Wie˛ski Kazimierz , Pennings Steven C.
Published: October 2016

Ecosystem engineers affect different organisms and processes in multiple ways at different spatial scales. Moreover, similar species may differ in their engineering effects for reasons that are not always clear. We examined the role of four species of burrowing crabs (Sesarma reticulatum, Eurytium limosum, Panopeus herbstii, Uca pugnax) in engineering tidal creek networks in salt marshes experiencing sea level rise. In the field, crab burrows were associated with heads of eroding creeks and the loss of plant (Spartina alterniflora) stems. S. reticulatum was closely associated with creek heads, but densities of the other crab species did not vary across marsh zones. In mesocosm experiments, S. reticulatum excavated the most soil and strongly reduced S. alterniflora biomass. The other three species excavated less and did not affect S. alterniflora. Creek heads with vegetation removed to simulate crab herbivory grew significantly faster than controls. Percolation rates of water into marsh sediments were 10 times faster at creek heads than on the marsh platform. Biomass decomposed two times faster at creek heads than on the marsh platform. Our results indicate that S. reticulatum increases creek growth by excavating sediments and by consuming plants, thereby increasing water flow and erosion at creek heads. Moreover, it is possible that S. reticulatum burrows also increase creek growth by increasing surface and subsurface erosion, and by increasing decomposition of organic matter at creek heads. Our results show that the interaction between crab and plant ecosystem engineers can have both positive and negative effects. At a small scale, in contrast to other marsh crabs, S. reticulatum harms rather than benefits plants, and increases erosion rather than marsh growth. At a large scale, however, S. reticulatum facilitates the drainage efficiency of the marsh through the expansion of tidal creek networks, and promotes marsh health.
Single‐Inductor Dual‐Output DC–DC Converter Design Using RC Ripple Regulator Method
Authors: TAKAI NOBUKAZU , TANAKA SHUNSUKE , KOBORI YASUNORI , KOBAYASHI HARUO
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we have proposed Single‐Inductor Dual‐Output (SIDO) buck–buck and boost–boost dc–dc converter using improved RC ripple regulator control. The proposed SIDO buck–buck converter has the characteristics of low‐ripple and high control frequency. RC ripple regulator control cannot be applied to SIDO boost–boost converter because RC ripple regulator undergoes self‐excited oscillation and two self‐excited oscillating controllers make the SIDO converter unstable. Thus we proposed the priority circuit for RC ripple regulator control. The proposed control circuit improves response characteristic and simplicity of the control circuit. Simulations are performed to verify the validity of the proposed SIDO converter. Simulation results indicate good performance of the proposed SIDO converter.
Cisplatin Preferentially Binds to Zinc Finger Proteins Containing C3H1 or C4 Motifs
Authors: Yuan Siming , Ding Xin , Cui Yang , Wei Kaiju , Zheng Yuchuan , Liu Yangzhong
Published: October 2016

Cisplatin is a widely used anticancer drug for the treatment of a variety of human malignancies. It has been reported that cisplatin could react with a variety of zinc finger proteins (ZFPs), which results in structural perturbation followed by malfunction of the proteins. However, some other ZFPs were found to be unreactive to cisplatin. The difference in the reactivity of various ZFPs remains unclear. Here we investigated the reaction of cisplatin with ZFPs containing different zinc binding motifs (C2H2, C3H, and C4). The zinc release assay and NMR spectroscopy revealed that both C3H and C4 types of ZFPs are highly reactive to cisplatin, whereas the C2H2 type of ZFP is rather inert. The platination of the ZFPs caused the zinc ejection from the protein and disrupted the secondary structure. The time‐dependent HPLC measurement showed that the reaction of C3H and C4 types of ZFPs were also kinetically more favorable than the C2H2 type of ZFPs. ESI‐MS data confirmed the binding of up to three platinum atoms to the C3H and C4 ZFPs, whereas only a minor amount of monoplatinated C2H2 ZFP was formed. These results indicate that cisplatin preferentially binds to ZFPs containing C3H or C4 motifs, which could be correlated to the protein selectivity of cisplatin in the cellular environment.
Measuring and modeling vertical gradients in suspended sediments in the Solimões/Amazon River
Authors: Armijos E. , Crave A. , Espinoza R. , Fraizy P. , Santos A.L.M.R. Dos , Sampaio F. , De Oliveira E. , Santini W. , Martinez J.M. , Autin P. , Pantoja N. , Oliveira M. , Filizola N.
Published: October 2016

Accurately measuring sediment flux in large rivers remains a challenge due to the spatial and temporal cross‐sectional variability of suspended sediment concentrations in conjunction with sampling procedures that fail to accurately quantify these differences. This study presents a field campaign methodology that can be used to improve the measurement of suspended sediment concentrations in the Amazon River or similarly large rivers. The turbidity signal and Rouse model are together used in this study to define the spatial distribution of suspended sediment concentrations in a river cross‐section, taking into account the different size fractions of the sediment. With this methodology, suspended sediment fluxes corresponding to each sediment class are defined with less uncertainty than with manual samples. This paper presents an application of this methodology during a field campaign at different gauging stations along a 3,000‐km stretch of the Solimões/Amazon River during low water and flood periods. Vertical concentration profiles and Rouse model applications for distinctive sediment sizes are explored to determine concentration gradients throughout a cross‐section of the river. The results show that coupling both turbidity technology and the Rouse model may improve our understanding of the spatial distribution of different sediments fractions sizes in the Solimões/Amazon River. These data are very useful in defining a pertinent monitoring strategy for suspended sediment concentrations in the challenging context of large rivers.
Adsorption‐induced Symmetry Distortions in W@Au12 Nanoclusters, Leading to Enhanced Hyperpolarizabilities
Authors: Elgavi Sinai Hadassah , Avnir David
Published: October 2016

We study how the adsorption of molecules on the stable gold icosahedral W@Au12 nanocluster affects its structure, specifically the inversion symmetry, in relation to the hyperpolarizability of the cluster‐molecule complex. As adsorbed molecules, we selected the achiral physisorbed H2S and chemisorbed HS radical, the chiral physisorbed cysteine and the chemisorbed cysteine radical. We show that adsorption leads to deformation of W@Au12 that removes the inversion symmetry of the cluster itself. Employing the continuous symmetry measure (CSM) methodology we are able to quantify the distortions, relative to the undisturbed cluster. We then evaluate the hyperpolarizabilities which emerge due to the lack of centrosymmetry. We find that large hyperpolarizabilities, by far exceeding those of the organic molecules, emerge as a result of the complexation of these two different species. This result is of relevance to studies of nonlinear optics, where methods of enhancing that property in molecules of choice are desired.
New Potential Biomarker Proteins for Alcoholic Liver Disease Identified by a Comparative Proteomics Approach
Authors: Lee Su Jin , Lee Da Eun , Kang Jeong Han , Nam Min‐Jeong , Park Jeen‐Woo , Kang Beom Sik , Lee Dong‐Seok , Lee Hyun‐Shik , Kwon Oh‐Shin
Published: October 2016

Chronic alcohol consumption causes hepatic steatosis, which is characterized by a considerable increase in free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride levels. To identify the possible proteins involved in the progression to alcoholic hepatosteatosis, we performed proteomic analysis on livers of mice exposed to alcohol. 2D‐based proteomic analysis revealed that EtOH exposure in mice changed the expression of 43 proteins compared with that in mice fed a normal diet (ND). The most notable protein changes were proteins involved in Met metabolism and oxidative stress, most of which were significantly downregulated in alcohol‐exposed animals. Although non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) seem to share the same molecular processes, the difference between these conditions is still unclear. To address this question, we explored the features of alcoholic hepatosteatosis that were different compared with those of methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet‐induced mice with nonalcoholic liver damage. Although most of the differentially expressed proteins associated with ALD did not significantly differ from those of NAFLD, nine proteins showed considerably different patterns. Of these, ornithine aminotransferase, vitamin D binding protein, and phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding protein were considerably upregulated in ALD mice, compared to that in NAFLD and ND mice. However, other proteins including inorganic pyrophosphatase were differentially regulated in MCD mice; however, they did not differ significantly between the alcoholic model and ND control mice. These results suggested that the identified proteins might be useful candidate markers to differentiate ALD from NAFLD. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1189–1200, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal design of wideband digital integrators and differentiators using harmony search algorithm
Authors: Mahata Shibendu , Saha Suman Kumar , Kar Rajib , Mandal Durbadal
Published: October 2016

This paper presents an efficient approach to design stable, wideband, and infinite impulse response digital integrators (DIs) and digital differentiators (DDs) of first, second, third, and fourth order using an evolutionary optimization algorithm called harmony search (HS). In recent years, although wideband DIs and DDs have been designed using metaheuristic optimization techniques such as simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization (PSO), these algorithms lead to sub‐optimal solutions because of stagnation and premature convergence. HS algorithm, however, promises an enhanced frequency response for DIs and DDs because of the better exploration and exploitation of the search space. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of HS‐based designs as compared with three well‐known benchmark evolutionary optimization algorithms, namely real coded genetic algorithm (RGA), PSO, and differential evolution (DE) based designs by yielding the least values of different magnitude response error metrics. Parametric and non‐parametric statistical hypothesis tests are also conducted to compare the consistency in the performance of HS‐based DIs and DDs with those of the designs based on RGA, PSO, and DE. The proposed HS‐based designs also outperform those of the designs based on both classical and evolutionary optimization approaches reported in recent literature in terms of the maximum absolute magnitude error metric.
The Andes Cordillera. Part III: glacier surface mass balance and contribution to sea level rise (1979–2014)
Authors: Mernild Sebastian H. , Liston Glen E. , Hiemstra Christopher , Wilson Ryan
Published: October 2016

Glacier surface mass balance (SMB) observations for the Andes Cordillera are limited and therefore estimates of the SMB contribution to sea‐level rise are highly uncertain. Here (in Part 3), we simulate glacier surface meteorological and hydrological conditions and trends for the Andes Cordillera (1979/80–2013/14; 35 years), covering the tropical latitudes in the north down to the sub‐polar latitudes in the far south, including the Northern Patagonia Icefield (NPI) and Southern Patagonia Icefield (SPI). Surface meteorological conditions and heat‐ and mass‐transfer processes were simulated for all glaciers having an area equal to or greater than 0.5 km2. SnowModel – a fully integrated energy balance, blowing‐snow distribution, multi‐layer snowpack, and runoff routing model – was used to simulate glacier SMBs for the Andes Cordillera. The Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI; v. 4.0) and NASA Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) products, downscaled in SnowModel, allowed us to conduct relatively high‐resolution (1‐km horizontal grid; 3‐h time step) simulations of glacier air temperature, precipitation, sublimation, evaporation, runoff, and SMB. These simulated glacier SMBs were verified against both independent direct observed annual glacier SMB and satellite gravimetry and altimetry derived SMB, indicating a good agreement. For Andes glaciers, the 35‐year mean annual SMB was found to be −1.13 m water equivalent (w.e.), while the cumulative SMB was −39.6 m w.e., which is equal to a cumulative SMB contribution of 3.4 mm sea‐level equivalent (SLE) (∼0.1 mm SLE per year). However, for both NPI and SPI, the mean SMB was positive (where likely calving explains why geodetic estimates are negative). For the Andes Cordillera, the simulated mean glacier‐specific runoff was 41 L s−1 km−2, while for NPI and SPI it was 213 and 198 L s−1 km−2, respectively, indicating available water resources from NPI and SPI.
Triple Redox Responsive Poly(Ethylene Glycol)‐Polycaprolactone Polymeric Nanocarriers for Fine‐Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Zhao Caiyan , Shao Leihou , Lu Jianqing , Zhao Chenying , Wei Yujie , Liu Junxing , Li Mingjun , Wu Yan
Published: October 2016

Stimuli‐responsive nanocarriers with the ability to respond to tumorous heterogeneity have been extensively developed for drug delivery. However, the premature release during blood circulation and insufficient intracellular drug release are still a significant issue. Herein, three disulfide bonds are introduced into the amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)‐polycaprolactone copolymer blocks to form triple‐sensitive cleavable polymeric nanocarrier (tri‐PESC NPs) to improve its sensitivity to narrow glutathione (GSH) concentration. The tri‐PESC NPs keep intact during blood circulation due to the limited cleaving of triple‐disulfide bonds, whereas the loaded drug is efficiently released at tumor cells with the increased concentration of GSH. In vitro studies of doxorubicin‐loaded tri‐PESC NPs show that the nanocarriers achieve sufficient drug release in cancerous cells and inhibit the tumor cells growth, though they only bring minimum damage to normal cells. Therefore, the tri‐PESC NPs with triple‐sensitive cleavable bonds hold great promise to improve the therapeutic index in cancer therapy.

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Free fillet flap application to cover forequarter or traumatic amputation of an upper extremity: A case report
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Lindenblatt Nicole , Barth André A. , Fuchs Bruno , Weder Walter , Giovanoli Pietro
Published: October 2016

Reusing tissue of amputated or unsalvageable limbs to reconstruct soft tissue defects is one aspect of the “spare parts concept.” Using a free fillet flap in such situations enables the successful formation of a proximal stump with the length needed to cover a large defect from forequarter amputation without risking additional donor‐site morbidity. The use of free fillet flaps for reconstruction after forequarter and traumatic upper extremity amputations is illustrated here in a case report. A 41‐year old patient required a forequarter amputation to resect a desmoid tumor, resulting in an extensive soft‐tissue defect of the upper extremity. A free fillet flap of the amputated arm and an additional local epaulette flap were used to reconstruct the defect. At 9 months after the procedure, a satisfactory result with a very well healed flap was attained. Free fillet flaps can be used successfully for reconstruction of large upper extremity defects, without risking additional donor‐site morbidity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:700–704, 2016.
Signaling events associated with gonadotropin releasing hormone‐agonist‐induced hormonal castration and its reversal in canines
Authors: Bulldan Ahmed , Shihan Mazen , Goericke‐Pesch Sandra , Scheiner‐Bobis Georgios
Published: October 2016

A gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRH‐A) implant induces hormonal castration in dogs that is associated with reduced prostate and testes size. We address the molecular events associated with hormonal castration by examining GnRH‐A effects on expression and phosphorylation of a number of key signaling proteins. Male beagles were treated for 5 months with a GnRH‐A implant, and then surgically castrated at 0, 3, 6, 12, and, 24 weeks after implant removal; untreated animals served as controls. GnRH‐A treatment led to activation of c‐Raf, Erk1/2, and, p53 in the testes. Phosphorylation of p53 occurred at Ser15, consistent with activation of the c‐Raf‐Erk1/2‐p53 signaling cascade that triggers growth arrest or apoptosis. GnRH‐A also suppressed the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐xL; reduced phosphorylation of the transcription factors CREB and ATF1; and down‐regulated expression of StAR and P450scc, proteins involved in steroidogenesis. Although androgen receptor expression was little affected by GnRH‐A treatment, levels of ZIP9, a membrane‐bound Zn2+ transporter that mediates non‐classical signaling of testosterone, were abrogated. All of these effects were reversed within 24 weeks after implant removal. Thus, molecular signatures of implant‐dependent hormonal castration include reversible cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, loss of steroidogenesis, and reduced transcriptional activity. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 1092–1101, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.