bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of evaporative cooling system concepts for engine thermal management in motor vehicles
Authors: Jafari Soheil , Dunne Julian F , Langari Mostafa , Yang Zhiyin , Pirault Jean-Pierre , Long Chris A , Thalackottore Jose Jisjoe
Published: November 2016

The evaporative cooling system concepts proposed over the past century for engine thermal management in automotive applications are examined and critically reviewed. The purposes of this review are to establish the evident system shortcomings and to identify the remaining research questions that need to be addressed to enable this important technology to be adopted by vehicle manufacturers. Initially, the benefits of the evaporative cooling systems are restated in terms of the improved engine efficiency, the reduced carbon dioxide emissions and the improved fuel economy. This is followed by a historical coverage of the proposed concepts dating back to 1918. Possible evaporative cooling concepts are then classified into four distinct classes and critically reviewed. This culminates in an assessment of the available evidence to establish the reasons why no system has yet been approved for serial production commercially. Then, by systematic examination of the critical areas in evaporative cooling systems for application to automotive engine cooling, the remaining research challenges are identified.
Augmented predictive functional control for missile autopilot design
Authors: Guo Jianguo , Wang Guoqing , Guo Zongyi , Zhou Jun
Published: November 2016

In this paper, an augmented predictive functional control approach is investigated to design a missile autopilot system, which can be expressed as a linear model with state-dependent coefficient matrices. A novel performance index depending on the reference trajectory, the output prediction and the set-point is proposed to improve the closed-loop dynamic performance. An augmented predictive functional control strategy is designed based on the proposed index and the stability is proven by using the Z-transform. In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach, numerical simulations comparing the predictive functional control in the missile autopilot system are performed. Finally, results from comprehensive simulations are presented to evaluate the proposed approach in the presence of input constraints and abrupt disturbances.
Finite-time output tracking control for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles with actuator constraints
Authors: An H , Xia H , Wang C
Published: November 2016

This paper designs a finite-time output tracking controller for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles (AHVs) subjected to disturbances and actuator constraints. After proper derivations, the original model is divided into two independent subsystems undergoing mismatched lumped disturbance. A finite-time disturbance observer (FTDO) is employed to estimate the lumped disturbance, while an auxiliary system combined with a command pre-filter is designed to analyze the effect of input saturation caused by the restrained actuators. Based on the FTDO and the auxiliary system, a novel integral sliding surface is constructed and then a chattering-free nonsingular controller is developed to realize finite-time output tracking in spite of mismatched lumped disturbance and input saturation, which is its major merit compared with other existing AHV controllers. A simulation study is carried out to verify the proposed control scheme.
The effect of actuator and its coupling conditions on eardrum-stimulated middle ear implants: A numerical analysis
Authors: Xu Dan , Liu Houguang , Zhou Lei , Cheng Gang , Yang Jianhua , Huang Xinsheng , Liu Xiaole
Published: November 2016

Consisting of the actuator and coupling layer, a finite element model of the human middle ear was used to analyze the effect of the actuator and its coupling conditions on the performance of the eardrum-stimulated middle ear implants. This model which was based on the right ear of a healthy adult was built via microcomputed tomography imaging and the technique of reverse engineering. Based on this finite element model, the linear viscoelasticity of the human middle ear soft tissues and three-layer structure of the eardrum pars tensa which was orthotropic were considered. The validity of the model was verified by comparing the model calculated results with experimental data. After that, the influence of the three main design parameters of the actuator and two aspects of the coupling layer were investigated by the finite element model. The results show that (1) the manubrium tip is the optimal position for the actuator to stimulate; (2) the increased cross-section of the actuator would worsen its hearing compensation performance, especially in the low frequencies; (3) both the patients’ residual hearing and the actuator’s hearing compensation performance at high frequencies will be deteriorated with the increase in the actuator’s mass; and (4) a coupling layer with a small Young’s modulus and an area approximating 80% of the eardrum would reduce the stress of the eardrum effectively.
Why is Public Policy for Affordable Housing in India Changing So Slowly
Authors: Ram Padmini , Needham Barrie
Published: November 2016

In India, attempts to stimulate a formal market for affordable housing, by privatizing, deregulating and promoting the private sector funding for housing and infrastructure, as an alternative to the provision by the government, have not been very successful. This study offers as an explanation that the intended market did not arise because the new policy did not take into account the existing institutional structure that regulates the (informal) provision of affordable housing. The existing structure relies heavily on clientelism which, in effect, is serving as an alternative to the market. Therefore, just changing the formal institutions of housing and land policy will not necessarily bring about the desired change in the provision of housing. This is illustrated by the case of informal housing in Raipur.
Reba and Her Insurgent Prose: Sex Work, HIV/AIDS, and Subaltern Narratives
Authors: Basu Ambar
Published: November 2016

Narratives of cultural stakeholders in marginalized sex worker spaces often do not find the traction to influence mainstream health discourse. Furthermore, such narratives are framed against the grain of the dominant cultural narrative; they are resistive texts, and they depict enactments of resistance to the normal order. This article, based on 12 weeks of field study in a sex worker community in India, foregrounds how sex workers communicatively frame and enact resistance, and hence formulate insurgent texts, along a continuum—from overt violence to covert negotiation on issues such as condom and alcohol use. Making note of these insurgent texts is crucial to understanding how meanings of health are locally made in a sex worker community as it is often that members of such marginalized communities take recourse to covert and ritualistic forms of resistance to work, to survive, and to stay free of HIV infection.
Male Breast Carcinoma: A Clinical and Pathological Review
Authors: Javidiparsijani Sara , Rosen Lauren E. , Gattuso Paolo
Published: November 2016

Male breast carcinomas (MBCs) are rare neoplasms that account for 0.1% of all male cancers. Still, there are 2000 new cases of MCB diagnosed annually in the United States. Because of its rarity, data regarding the etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of MBC are limited. MBC shares some similarities with female breast carcinoma (FBC). This review will address the important clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular features, genetics, management, and prognosis of MBC.
Ambulatory Versus In-Hospital Treatment of Proximal Lower-Limb Deep Vein Thrombosis in Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mausbach Lisa S. , Avnery Orli , Ellis Martin H.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Complications of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are related to adequacy of initial anticoagulant therapy. In this study, we analyze consecutive patients with lower-limb proximal DVT and compare the characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes of patients receiving entirely ambulatory treatment versus those hospitalized for initial treatment.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients with a first proximal lower-limb DVT during a 2-year period. Patients were followed for 90 days. Major end points were all-cause mortality, bleeding requiring hospitalization, and recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE). Events were determined for patients who were hospitalized versus those treated on an entirely ambulatory basis.

Results:

A total of 236 patients were included in the study. Of these, 147 patients were hospitalized and 89 patients received ambulatory treatment. There were 20 fatalities—18 in-hospital and 2 in-ambulatory patients ( P = .008). By multivariable Cox regression analysis, the presence of active cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.44; confidence interval [CI]: 2.16-13.7; P = .001), age (HR = 1.06; CI: 1.02-1.1; P = .001), and hospitalization (HR = 5.73; CI: 1.33-24.69; P = .019) were associated with death. Eight hospitalized and 2 ambulatory patients required readmission because of bleeding. Age was the only variable associated with bleeding (HR = 1.10; CI: 1.03-1.18; P = .004). There were no recurrent VTE events.

Conclusion:

In this study of routine management of proximal DVT, we demonstrate that patients suitable for ambulatory care are adequately identified by physicians and may be treated with equal safety and efficacy to hospitalized patients.
Treating the binge or the (fat) body? Representations of fatness in a gold standard psychological treatment manual for binge eating disorder
Authors: Brown-Bowers Amy , Ward Ashley , Cormier Nicole
Published: November 2016

This article reports the results of a Foucauldian-informed discourse analysis exploring representations of fatness embedded within an empirically based psychological treatment manual for binge eating disorder, a condition characterized by overvaluation of weight and shape. Analyses indicate that the manual prioritizes weight loss with relatively less emphasis placed on treating the diagnostic symptoms and underlying mechanisms of binge eating disorder. We raise critical concerns about these observations and link our findings to mainstream psychology’s adoption of the medical framing of fatness as obesity within the “gold standard” approach to intervention. We recommend that psychology as a discipline abandons the weight loss imperative associated with binge eating disorder and fat bodies. We recommend that practitioners locate the problem of fat shame in society as opposed to the individual person’s body and provide individuals with tools to identify and resist fat stigma and oppression, rather than provide them with tools to reshape their bodies.
Advocacy and Public Policy Perceptions and Involvement of Master Certified Health Education Specialists
Authors: Kerr Dianne L. , Van Wasshenova Emily , Mahas Rachel , Everhart F. Jeannine , Thompson Amy , Boardley Debra
Published: November 2016

Master Certified Health Education Specialists (MCHES; n = 186) participated in a mail survey on advocacy and public policy. Over half of participants reported that they had contacted a public official or provided policy-related information to consumers or other professionals. Participants identified barriers and benefits to influencing public policy. The greatest benefit was identified as improving the health or welfare of the public while the greatest barrier was that they were busy with other priorities. Participants also described their level of involvement, knowledge, training in advocacy, and their self-efficacy in performing various advocacy activities. Most MCHES reported voting and other basic advocacy functions while far fewer had participated in more advanced advocacy activities. Although nearly 73% had formal training on advocacy and policy, only 26% received it through college coursework. Factors predictive of advocacy and policy involvement were determined through a stepwise regression analysis. Five independent variables predicted the total number of advocacy activities and when combined accounted for nearly 61% of the variance. Government-level health educators’ misconception that they cannot participate in advocacy and public policy issues should be dispelled. Health education specialists with the MCHES credential need coursework and additional training on how to effectively influence public health policy.
An automatic test platform to verify the security functions for secure WIA-PA wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wei Min , Kim Keecheon
Published: November 2016

Wireless sensor networks are already employed in numerous applications including military, industry, and health. Among the several inherent limitations in wireless sensor network, security is a critical concern. The declared security functions of wireless devices should be well verified. In this study, a security testing method based on security levels is proposed for wireless sensor networks. In addition, an experimental security testing platform for WIA-PA-based wireless sensor networks is implemented. The test results show that the platform is a feasible platform for assessing device security levels in wireless sensor networks.
Video-based perceptual training as a method to improve reactive agility performance in rugby union players
Authors: Engelbrecht Louise , Terblanche Elmarie , Welman Karen E
Published: November 2016

This study investigated the effectiveness of rugby-specific video-based perceptual training on the speed and agility of club-level rugby union players. Twenty-six players were randomly divided into either a video-based, field-based or conventional training group. For six weeks, the video-based and field-based groups performed agility training twice a week in addition to their regular rugby training, while the control group was restricted to regular rugby training. Speed, reactive agility and change of direction speed were tested pre- and post-intervention, and after a six-week retention period. Results revealed that both video- and field-based training were almost certainly more beneficial (13% and 17%, respectively) to improve reactive agility compared to conventional rugby training alone. In addition, both intervention groups maintained their reactive agility improvements following the retention period. Consequently, video-based training, likely because of a perceptual component, could be used as an alternative training method to improve reactive agility.
Becoming a prescription pill smoker: Revisiting Becker
Authors: Pawson Mark , Kelly Brian C , Wells Brooke E , Parsons Jeffrey T
Published: November 2016

The academic literature detailing escalations in pre-existing substance use practices is primarily understood through a biomedical lens, which situates drug escalation as a result of increases in biological markers like drug tolerance and dependence. This article seeks to frame the escalation of prescription drug misuse within a paradigm that situates drug use as a dynamic and interactional learning process shaped by set and setting. The data drawn upon for this article are derived from 41 qualitative interviews of young adults (aged 18–29 years) socially active in nightlife scenes who reported engaging in smoking prescription painkillers, sedatives, or stimulants. Results highlight how theories of drug use as a deviant behavior that is socially learned can be stretched beyond explaining patterns of initiation to also address the escalation of pre-existing drug use behaviors as users’ transition from one route of administration to another.
Breaking the World to Make It Whole Again: Attribution in the Construction of Emotion
Authors: Shaked Adi , Clore Gerald L.
Published: November 2016

In their cognitive theory of emotion, Schachter and Singer proposed that feelings are separable from what they are about. As a test, they induced feelings of arousal by injecting epinephrine and then molded them into different emotions. They illuminated how feelings in one moment lead into the next to form a stream of conscious experience. We examine the construction of emotion in a similar spirit. We use the sensory integration process to understand how the brain combines disparate sources of information to construct both perceptual and emotional models of the world even as the world continues to change. We emphasize two processes: affect segmentation (isolating the felt component of an emotion) and affect integration (recombining this feeling with its object).
The Legacy of Cognition-Arousal Theory: Introduction to a Special Section of Emotion Review
Authors: Reisenzein Rainer
Published: November 2016

Schachter’s cognition-arousal theory has been highly influential in emotion psychology and beyond. The six contributions to this special section investigate the origins of Schachter’s theory in his previous work on affiliation; systematize the variety of existing versions of cognition-arousal theory; summarize recent cognition-feeling theories of emotion and associated empirical work influenced by Schachter’s theory; and critically reexamine two assumptions of cognition-arousal theory: the assumption, made in some interpretations of the theory, that cognitive appraisals are components of emotions, and the assumption that bodily feelings cannot alone constitute emotional experiences.
Medial Malleoli Fractures: Clinical Comparison Between Newly Designed Sled Device and Conventional Screws
Authors: Maniar Hemil , Kempegowda Harish , Tawari Akhil A. , Rutter Michael R. , Borade Amrut , Cush Gerard , Horwitz Daniel S.
Published: November 2016

Background. The Trimed Medial Malleolar Sled is a newer device designed to treat medial malleolus fracture. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of medial malleolar fractures treated with the sled and conventional malleolar screws. Methods. After obtaining an institutional review board approval, we conducted a retrospective study to identify all skeletally mature patients who sustained an ankle fracture with medial malleolar involvement treated with the sled and we identified a matched cohort treated with conventional malleolar screws. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group A included patients treated with malleolar screws and group B included patients treated with the sled device. The outcomes measured included rate of union, implant removal, and pain over the implant site. Results. Eighty-five medial malleolar ankle fractures were divided into 2 groups: group A included patients (n = 64) treated with malleolar screws and group B included patients (n = 21) treated with the sled device. In group A (n = 64), 62 patients (96.8%) achieved radiological union with a mean union rate of 11 weeks and 10 (15%) patients underwent repeat surgery for implant removal of which 3 patients (4.6%) had pain specifically over the medial implant. In group B (n = 21), all of the patients (100%) achieved radiological union with a mean union rate of 10.8 weeks and 3 patients (14.2%) underwent repeat surgery of which 1 (4.7%) was related to the medial pain. There is no significant difference between the groups for the outcomes measured, including rate of union (  P = .93), visual analog scale score for pain (  P = .07), implant removal (  P = .41), and pain over the implant site (  P = .88). Conclusion. Based on the data from our study, we conclude that there are no major differences between the sled devices and conventional screws relating to union rate and complications.

Levels of Evidence: Level III: Observational study
The agrarian reform under the Portuguese revolution, 1974–76: Its roots and reversal
Authors: Pires de Almeida Maria Antónia
Published: November 2016

The makers of the Portuguese revolution of 1974 sought not only the overthrow of a dictatorial regime, but also a reorganisation of Portugal’s economy on new lines, securing control of agriculture and industry in the name of workers. The present paper examines the process of revolutionary agrarian reform in the Alentejo region, a major agricultural zone, and describes how, after the end of the revolutionary period, 1974–76, the reforms of that period were reversed when the Socialists and Social Democrats successively gained power.
Communication
Authors: Ruben Brent D. , Gigliotti Ralph A.
Published: November 2016

Much has been written about the nature of leadership communication; however, the linkage often is limited to a view of communication as a strategic mechanism—or technique—to be employed by leaders in efforts to achieve specific purposes. This limited conceptualization of leadership communication does not fully capture the pervasive role of communication, and it fails to provide a nuanced view of the role communication plays in organizational dynamics, and in business settings, in particular. This article begins with an overview of various dichotomies raised in the leadership literature that have tended to impede rather than advance our understanding. We then discuss the evolution of thinking about communication and conclude with a discussion of several principles that can enhance contemporary organizational and business communication theory and practice.
Breaking Bad in Business Education: Impacts on Student Incivility and Academic Dishonesty
Authors: Offstein Evan H. , Chory Rebecca M.
Published: November 2016

The present study examines instructors’ attempts to increase student satisfaction through what we predict to be destructive communication tactics. Results indicate that business majors reported being more likely to engage in incivility and academic dishonesty in courses taught by professors who attempted to gain student favor through gossiping, self-disclosure, and downward convergence. Furthermore, perceptions of the instructor’s ethical character mediated the relationships between instructor behaviors and student incivility. Given the centrality of the professor in developing future managers and employees, we discuss implications for business and professional education and advocate for a return to a more traditional business professor role.
Hospital-Based Clinical Pharmacy Services to Improve Ambulatory Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Smith Amber Lanae , Palmer Valerie , Farhat Nada , Kalus James S. , Thavarajah Krishna , DiGiovine Bruno , MacDonald Nancy C.
Published: November 2016

Background: No systematic evaluations of a comprehensive clinical pharmacy process measures currently exist to determine an optimal ambulatory care collaboration model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Objective: Describe the impact of a pharmacist-provided clinical COPD bundle on the management of COPD in a hospital-based ambulatory care clinic. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis evaluated patients with COPD managed in an outpatient pulmonary clinic. The primary objective of this study was to assess the completion of 4 metrics known to improve the management of COPD: (1) medication therapy management, (2) quality measures including smoking cessation and vaccines, (3) patient adherence, and (4) patient education. The secondary objective was to evaluate the impact of the clinical COPD bundle on clinical and economic outcomes at 30 and 90 days post–initial visit. Results: A total of 138 patients were included in the study; 70 patients served as controls and 68 patients received the COPD bundle from the clinical pharmacist. No patients from the control group had all 4 metrics completed as documented, compared to 66 of the COPD bundle group ( P < .0001). Additionally, a statistically significant difference was found in all 4 metrics when evaluated individually. Clinical pharmacy services reduced the number of phone call consults at 90 days ( P = .04) but did not have a statistically significant impact on any additional pre-identified clinical outcomes. Conclusion: A pharmacist-driven clinical COPD bundle was associated with significant increases in the completion and documentation of 4 metrics known to improve the outpatient management of COPD.
An incomplete trafficking defect to the cell-surface leads to paradoxical thrombocytosis for human and murine MPL P106L
Authors: Favale Fabrizia , Messaoudi Kahia , Varghese Leila N. , Boukour Siham , Pecquet Christian , Gryshkova Vitalina , Defour Jean Philippe , Albu Roxana-Irina , Bluteau Olivier , Ballerini Paola , Leverger Guy , Plo Isabelle , Debili Najet , Raslova Hana , Favier Remi , Constantinescu Stefan N. , Vainchenker William
Published: November 2016

Key Points

MPL P106L induces thrombocytosis due to an incomplete trafficking defect that allows very low cell-surface levels. The P106L mutation uncouples MPL signaling from its THPO clearance functions.
Intellectual Property Strategy and the Long Tail: Evidence from the Recorded Music Industry
Authors: Zhang Laurina
Published: November 2016

Digitization has impacted firm profitability in many media industries by lowering the cost of copying and sharing creative works. I examine the impact of digital rights management (DRM), a prevalent strategy used by firms in media industries to address piracy concerns, on music sales. I exploit a natural experiment, where different labels remove DRM from their entire catalogue of music at different times, to examine whether relaxing an album’s sharing restrictions increases sales. Using a large sample of albums from all four major record labels, I find that removing DRM increases digital music sales by 10%, but relaxing sharing restrictions does not impact all albums equally. It increases the sales of lower-selling albums (i.e., the “long tail”) significantly (40%) but does not benefit top-selling albums. These results suggest that reducing search costs facilitates the discovery of niche products.

This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Understanding Online Shopping Adoption in India: Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) With Perceived Risk Application
Authors: Tandon Urvashi , Kiran Ravi , Sah Ash N.
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this research is to analyze perceived risk and drivers of online shopping influencing behavioral intention in India. The study empirically validates website design, cash-on-delivery (COD) mode of payment, and different facets of perceived risk with the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology(2) (UTAUT2) of Venkatesh et al. [Venkatesh V, Thong JYL, Xu X (2012) Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS Quart. 36(1):157–178]. Findings of the study revealed that perceived risk had a negative relation with behavioral intention, whereas the drivers were positively associated with behavioral intention. Besides analyzing cash-on-delivery mode of payment as a construct, it also includes website design to enhance application of UTUAT2 in Indian and other similar developing countries’ context. The study will help online retailers to focus in the right direction by eliminating threats and convert nonshoppers to online shoppers.
Kidney stones: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management
Authors: Cunningham Priscilla , Noble Helen , Al-Modhefer Abdul-Kadhum , Walsh Ian
Published: November 2016

The prevalence of kidney stones is increasing, and approximately 12 000 hospital admissions every year are due to this condition. This article will use a case study to focus on a patient diagnosed with a calcium oxalate kidney stone. It will discuss the affected structures in relation to kidney stones and describe the pathology of the condition. Investigations for kidney stones, differential diagnosis and diagnosis, possible complications and prognosis, will be discussed. Finally, a detailed account of management strategies for the patient with kidney stones will be given, looking at pain management, medical procedures and dietary interventions.
Nursing the critically ill surgical patient in Zambia
Authors: Carter Chris , Snell David
Published: November 2016

Critical illness in the developing world is a substantial burden for individuals, families, communities and healthcare services. The management of these patients will depend on the resources available. Simple conditions such as a fractured leg or a strangulated hernia can have devastating effects on individuals, families and communities. The recent Lancet Commission on Global Surgery and the World Health Organization promise to strengthen emergency and essential care will increase the focus on surgical services within the developing world. This article provides an overview of nursing the critically ill surgical patient in Zambia, a lower middle income country (LMIC) in sub-Saharan Africa.
Protecting patients: pressure ulcer prevention
Authors: Tingle John
Published: November 2016

John Tingle, Reader in Health Law, Nottingham Trent University, continues his discussion of Healthcare Improvement Scotland patient safety publications and its standards for management of pressure ulcers
Protecting vulnerable skin from moisture-associated skin damage
Authors: Collier Mark , Simon Debbie
Published: November 2016

The skin, the body's largest organ, has several functions. Its barrier role can be undermined if it is in contact with urine, faeces and other sources of excess moisture; overhydration can also increase the likelihood of injury from friction through contact with clothing, incontinence pads or bed linen. If skin has been damaged by moisture or is at risk of this, its health can be supported through cleansing to maintain its acid mantle followed by protection with barrier products. Barrier preparations are available in different forms, and their effectiveness varies. A new product, Medline Remedy Moisturising Barrier Cream, has been trialled in adults, children and neonates in a variety of healthcare settings.
Diagnosing pancreatic cancer
Authors: Stunt Ali
Published: November 2016

Spotting this lethal cancer early is vital to giving patients the best chance of survival, writes Ali Stunt
Newly qualified non-medical prescriber, a reflection
Authors: Cox Ella
Published: November 2016

Ella Cox reflects on her time as a newly-qualified independent and supplementary prescriber, and discusses the improvements made and challenges she has faced along the way.
Research roundup: November 2016
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: November 2016

In brief

The percentage of children with special educational needs is higher among those conceived between January and March than at other times of the year Adverse events appear to be consistently under-reported in published studies Morning sickness may be associated with fewer pregnancy losses Vitamin B3: Maternal levels of nicotinamide seem to influence the likelihood that their children will develop atopic eczema Potentially inappropriate prescribing appears to be common in older people on polypharmacy
Non-medical prescribing in urinary tract infections in the community setting
Authors: Taylor Kerry Sarah
Published: November 2016

This article will discuss and reflect on a prescribing episode in a crisis intervention team; a short-term service which aims to assist in hospital avoidance. It highlights an organisational constraint that can result in a delay in treatment and can be detrimental to the patient.
Prevalens dan Faktor Risiko Infeksi Luka Operasi Pasca-bedah
Authors: Haryanti Lina , Pudjiadi Antonius H. , Ifran Evita Kariani B. , Thayeb Amir , Amir Idham , Hegar Badriul
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Infeksi luka operasi (ILO) merupakan salah satu komplikasi pasca-bedah abdomen yang dapat meningkatkan morbiditas, mortalitas, dan biaya pengobatan. Diperlukan data prevalens ILO pasca-bedah abdomen pada anak di RSCM dan faktor risiko yang memengaruhinya.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalens dan karakteristik ILO serta hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, status nutrisi, skor PELOD, skor ASA, jenis operasi, kategori luka operasi, dan lama operasi dengan ILO pasca-bedah abdomen pada anak.Metode. Data penelitian dari rekam medis tahun 2009-2011 pada anak pasca-bedah abdomen dengan besar sampel 180 subjek. Analisis statistik dengan uji Chi-square/Fisher dan regresi logistik.Hasil. Prevalens ILO pasca-bedah abdomen pada anak di RSCM selama tiga tahun 7,2%. Infeksi luka operasi merupakan 23,6% dari total infeksi nosokomial pasca-bedah abdomen di RSCM. Enam dari 13 subjek dengan ILO mengalami sepsis dan 2 di antaranya meninggal karena sepsis. Tiga jenis ILO, yaitu ILO insisional superfisial (9 subjek), ILO insisional dalam (2 subjek), dan ILO organ (2 subjek). Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jenis operasi cito dengan ILO (p=0,007, RO 4,72;95%IK 1,54-14,42). Sedangkan variabel lainnya tidak berhubungan bermakna.Kesimpulan. Jenis operasi cito merupakan faktor risiko ILO pasca-bedah abdomen pada anak di RSCM Jakarta. Perlu penelitian prospektif dengan sampel yang lebih besar.
Hubungan antara Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha dengan Demam Berdarah Dengue
Authors: Sutanto Felix Candra , Mantik Max F.J. , Pateda Vivekenanda
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Sampai saat ini patogenesis demam berdarah dengue (DBD) belum dipahami secara sempurna. Pada kasus DBD didapatkan adanya peningkatan kadar TNF-α, sitokin yang poten dalam meningkatkan permeabilitas pembuluh darah. Penelitian sebelumnya mendapatkan adanya peningkatan kadar TNF-α yang bermakna pada DBD.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara kadar TNF-α dengan keparahan DBD.Metode. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang selama bulan Ju li hingga Desember 2011. Pasien didiagnosis DBD berdasarkan kriteria WHO. Data berupa hemoglobin, hematokrit, jumlah leukosit, jumlah trombosit, dan kadar TNF-α dikumpulkan selama penelitian. Analisis statistik menggunakan korelasi Spearman’s Rho dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0,05.Hasil. Didapatkan tiga puluh delapan anak, 27 di antaranya didiagnosis DBD tanpa syok dan 11 DBD dengan syok. Rerata usia kelompok DBD tanpa syok adalah 7,56 (SB 3,06) tahun (95% IK 6,35-8,76 tahun) dan rerata usia kelompok DBD dengan syok adalah 6,82 (SB 3,25) tahun (95% IK 4,63-9,00 tahun). Rerata kadar TNF-α kelompok DBD tanpa syok adalah 13,13 (SB 7,57) pg/ml (95% IK 10,14-16,13 pg/ml) dan rerata kadar TNF-α kelompok DBD dengan syok adalah 260,52 (SB 239,08) pg/ml (95% IK 99,90-421,13 pg/ml). Didapatkan hubungan positif yang bermakna antara kadar TNFα plasma dengan tingkat keparahan/derajat DBD (rs 0,885; p<0,001).Kesimpulan. Semakin berat derajat DBD yang terjadi semakin tinggi kadar TNF-α
Hubungan antara Leptin dengan Demam Berdarah Dengue
Authors: Widjaja James , Mantik Max F.J. , Rampengan Novie H.
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Patogenesis demam berdarah dengue (DBD) sampai saat ini masih belum jelas. Status gizi merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya perburukan pada DBD. Leptin, suatu protein hormon yang dihasilkan oleh sel adiposit diduga berperan dalam perburukan perjalanan penyakit DBD.Tujuan. Mencari hubungan antara leptin dengan demam berdarah dengue pada anak.Metode. Penelitian dilakukan secara analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Pasien didiagnosis DBD berdasarkan kriteria WHO dan dikonfirmasi dengan pemeriksaan serologis NS1 dengue IgG dan IgM atau anti dengue rapid test. Data berupa kadar hematokrit, jumlah trombosit, jumlah lekosit, kadar hemoglobin dan kadar leptin dikumpulkan selama penelitian. Analisis statistik menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan regresi logistik.Hasil. Didapatkan tiga puluh delapan anak, 19 (50%) lelaki dan 19 (50%) perempuan. Duapuluh tujuh anak (71,1%) didiagnosis DBD tanpa syok dan 11 anak (28,9%) DBD dengan syok. Rerata kadar hemoglobin anak dengan DBD 13,23 (SB 1,78) g/dL (95% IK 12,64-13,81), rerata kadar hematokrit 39,78 (SB 6,16)% (95% IK 37,75-41,80), rerata jumlah leukosit 5.366 (SB 2,410)/mm3 (95% IK 4,574-6,158), rerata jumlah trombosit 79,342 (SB 47,911)/mm3 (95% IK 63,594-95,090), rerata kadar plasma leptin anak yang menderita DBD 2417,88 (SB 7092,44) pg/mL (95% IK 86,66 – 4749,11). Terdapat hubungan positif yang bermakna antara kadar leptin plasma darah dengan peluang terjadinya syok pada DBD anak (p=0,042).Kesimpulan. Semakin tinggi kadar leptin, semakin besar peluang untuk terjadinya syok pada DBD.
Accumulation and biomass partition and nutrients per tropical ornamental plants grown in Ribeira Valley region
Authors: Godoy Leandro José Grava de , Vieira Ferraz Marcelo , Da Silva Lucas , Vieira Ferraz Marcos
Published: November 2016

For many ornamental plants there are no fertilization tables in Brazil and growers use, inappropriately, the same fertilizing for different species of ornamental plants. A first step is to know the nutrient uptake by these plants. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration and to characterize the accumulation of nutrients of the main tropical ornamental plants grown in the Ribeira Valley region, São Paulo state, Brazil: Clusia fluminensis, Dracaena marginata, Dypsis lutescens, Gardenia jasminoides, Ixora coccinea, Ligustrum sinense, Murraya paniculata, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Rhapis excelsa e Viburnum prunifolium. The plants were donated by local farmers and after sorting, these were divided into roots, stems and leaves, and, subsequently, washed, dried and was determined their concentration of nutrients. The experimental design was randomized using four repetitions and the species of ornamental plants were considered as treatments. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by Scott-Knott test (5%). For the macronutrient, the greater accumulation of N was in Podocarpus macrophyllus. The Clusia fluminensis tree had the highest calcium and magnesium accumulations. The largest amounts of P and S were accumulated in Rhapis excelsa and Podocarpus macrophyllus. The greatest accumulation of K was in Rhapis excelsa, Dracaena marginata, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Murraya paniculata and Ixora coccinea. Smaller amounts of macronutrients were accumulated in Dypsis lutescens and Viburnum prunifolium. As for the macronutrients, the largest accumulation of Cu was observed in broad leaf Rhapis excelsa. Clusia fluminensis tree and Dracaena marginata accumulated the largest amounts of Mn. Regarding the Zn, Rhapis excelsa, Dracaena marginata and Ligustrum sinense were plants with higher accumulation. Smaller amounts of B were accumulated in Viburnum prunifolium, Dracaena marginata and Dypsis lutescens. Ligustrum sinense, Dypsis lutescens and Ixora coccinea accumulated lower amounts of Fe in relation to others. The accumulation of nutrients by ornamental plants is very different between species and this information should be used to adjust fertilizer recommendations. Ornamental plants were grouped as demand and NPK ratio, to assist in the management of fertilizer.
Fairness Ideals in Distribution Channels
Authors: Cui Tony Haitao , Mallucci Paola
Published: November 2016

The authors analytically and experimentally evaluate how firms make decisions in a two-stage dyadic channel, in which firms decide on investments in the first stage and then on prices in the second stage. They find that firms’ behavior differs significantly from the predictions of the standard economic model and is consistent with the existence of fairness concerns. Using a quantal response equilibrium model, in which both manufacturer and retailer make noisy best responses, the authors show that fairness significantly affects channel pricing decisions. In addition, they investigate what affects the perceptions of fairness. More specifically, they analyze whether the notion of fairness is influenced by social norms of strict equality, by endogenous investments and contributions that are affected by players’ decisions, or by the exogenous game structure. To do so, the authors compare four principles of distributive fairness: strict egalitarianism; liberal egalitarianism; libertarianism; and a sequence-aligned ideal, which is studied for the first time in the literature. Surprisingly, the exogenous game structure reflected by the new ideal, whereby the sequence of moving determines the equitable payoff for players, significantly outperforms other fairness ideals, suggesting that equity in distribution channels can arise even in contests in which channel members have fairly different payoffs.
Mathematical Modeling of Carbon Nanotubes Formation in Fluidized Bed Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Danafar Firoozeh , Elnashaie Said S. , Hashemipour Hassan , Rostamizadeh Mohammad Ali
Published: November 2016

This study investigates mathematical modeling of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) formation on catalyst particulate in a fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) reactor. The mass of CNTs formed corresponds to the catalyst activity directly. The catalyst deactivation occurs as active sites are occupied by CNTs and thus causes unsteady state behavior of the process. The effects of catalyst loading (as bed height) as well as reaction temperature on the reaction progressing were investigated. The model, validated with our experimental data, indicates a good accuracy to predict the yield of CNTs formation for a given operating conditions. The model presented also can predict the optimized time as well as the suitable amount of catalyst loading to produce CNTs for a given reactor conditions.
Prime Repetition and Korean EFL Learners’ Comprehension and Production of Passives
Authors: Kim YouJin , McDonough Kim
Published: November 2016

The occurrence of structural priming in second language (L2) speech production has received increased attention over the last decade (McDonough and Trofimovich, 2009; Trofimovich and McDonough, 2011). Although L2 researchers have implemented a variety of priming methods, few studies to date have investigated whether repeating prime sentences affects L2 speakers’ understanding and use of target structures. Therefore, the current study investigated whether prime repetition facilitates English L2 speakers’ comprehension and production of passive constructions. Korean EFL learners (
Simultaneously proximinal subspaces
Authors: Rao T. S. S. R. K.
Published: November 2016

In this paper we study closed subspaces of Banach spaces that admit
relative Chebyshev centers for all bounded subsets of the space. We
exhibit new classes of spaces which have this property and study
stability results similar to the ones studied in the literature in
the context of proximinal subspaces and Chebyshev centers. For the space

C
⁢

(
K
)

${C(K)}$

of continuous functions on a compact set K, we show that a
closed subspace of finite codimension has relative Chebyshev centers
for all bounded sets in

C
⁢

(
K
)

${C(K)}$

if and only if it is a strongly
proximinal subspace.
Ritz-least squares method for finding a control parameter in a one-dimensional parabolic inverse problem
Authors: Noei Khorshidi Meisam , Yousefi Sohrab Ali
Published: November 2016

An inverse problem concerning a diffusion equation with source control
parameter is considered. The approximation of the problem is based on the
Ritz method with satisfier function. The Ritz method together with the least squares
approximation (Ritz-least squares
method) are utilized to reduce the inverse problem to
the solution of algebraic equations. We extensively discuss the
convergence of the method and finally present illustrative
examples to demonstrate validity and applicability of the new
technique.
A new approach to nonlinear singular integral operators depending on three parameters
Authors: Uysal Gumrah
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we present some theorems on weighted approximation by two dimensional nonlinear singular integral operators in the following form:

T
λ

(
f
;
x
,
y
)
=

∬

R

2

K
λ

(
t
−
x
,
s
−
y
,
f
(
t
,
s
)
)
d
s
d
t
,

(
x
,
y
)
∈

R

2

,
λ
∈
Λ
,

$${T_\lambda }(f;x,y) = \iint\limits_{{\mathbb{R}^2}}K_\lambda {(t - x,s - y,f(t,s))dsdt,\;(x,y) \in {\mathbb{R}^2},\lambda \in \Lambda ,}$$

where Λ is a set of non-negative numbers with accumulation point λ0.
New Insight in Cold Pain: Role of Ion Channels, Modulation, and Clinical Perspectives
Authors: Lolignier Stéphane , Gkika Dimitra , Andersson David , Leipold Enrico , Vetter Irina , Viana Felix , Noël Jacques , Busserolles Jérôme
Published: November 2016

Cold temperature detection involves the process of sensory transduction in cutaneous primary sensory nerve terminals, which converts thermal stimuli into depolarizations of the membrane. This transformation into electrical signals is followed by the subsequent propagation of action potentials in cold-sensitive afferent nerve fibers. A large array of ion channels shapes this process; however, the precise contribution of specific ion channel subtypes to cold perception and cold pain remains elusive. This review aims at giving an update on our current understanding of the role played by TRPs, leak K+and voltage-gated Na+and K+channels in the transduction of cold by nociceptors and in cold-induced pain.
An Inquiry-Based Investigation of Freshwater Diatom Ecology
Authors: Hodgson Jay Y. S. , Barber Kirk O. , Hustead Christopher J.
Published: November 2016

Understanding habitat heterogeneity and habitat preference are central tenets of undergraduate ecology courses, but many urban campuses, particularly community colleges and others with large student enrollments, may lack the means for extensive field sampling and monitoring. We outline the use of diatoms living in decorative water fountains as a proxy for field sample collection, data analysis, and ecological interpretation. These methods are amenable to undergraduate laboratory courses and independent student research projects.
A Simple Microscale Setup for Investigating Yeast Fermentation in High School Biology Classrooms
Authors: Chan Kam Ho (Kennedy)
Published: November 2016

High school students often find the concept of respiration difficult. Yeast, a readily available resource, offers promising material for studying the topic. This article describes a low-cost, microscale setup for investigating yeast fermentation. The observations in the practical activity are visually appealing to learners. The article also illustrates how this setup can be used to promote student engagement with scientific ideas by prompting students to (1) predict what they will observe in the activity and (2) link what they actually observe in it to the underlying scientific ideas, in the context of studying the effects of different sugar substrates on yeast fermentation. The simple setup can be easily modified for various scientific investigations related to yeast fermentation and, hence, represents a promising teaching tool for teaching this difficult-to-learn topic in high school biology classrooms.
Using a Problem-Based Learning Approach to Teach Students about Biodiversity, Species Distributions & the Impact of Habitat Loss
Authors: Heard Matthew J.
Published: November 2016

Undergraduates in ecology and conservation biology courses often lack a clear understanding of how to do fieldwork and utilize data analysis to answer complex questions. This is unfortunate, because with proper training these students could identify and address some of today's most pressing environmental issues. I present a simple, problem-based learning activity that provides students a new approach to understanding two important topics in the environmental sciences – how biodiversity is distributed across landscapes and how habitat loss can affect this biodiversity. This activity helps students explore foundational concepts in biology, enables them to collect data in a simplistic field setting, and introduces them to statistical analyses and modeling. In addition, it also teaches students how to ask questions, synthesize data, and address an issue using the same approaches that conservation practitioners utilize in the real world.