bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El diseño gráfico como herramienta para la representación de la identidad visual y la interacción en el aula = Graphic design as a tool for the representation of visual identity and interaction in the classroom
Authors: Yáñez Martínez Mª Begoña
Published: January 2020

ResumenEste artículo está basado en una experiencia real, didáctica y significativa,realizada en un entrono virtual, en la que trabajamos el diseño gráfico aplicado a la creación de identidades visuales desde el punto de vista de la representación de personas en lugar de empresas o entidades. Gracias a esta actividad hemos podido aplicar diferentes estrategias innovadoras, como la gamificación, para el correcto desarrollo de una tarea que incluye la adquisición de conocimiento teórico-práctico, la reflexión sobre la identidad visual, la interacción entre los distintos miembros de la experiencia (estudiantes y docente) y la motivación del entretenimiento.Para una mejor comprensión, de la experiencia y la actividad, conoceremos las necesidades de las que surge la elaboración de la propuesta didáctica, el desarrollo de la misma, los principales fundamentos teórico-visuales en los que se apoya el aprendizaje y la valoración de la experiencia desde el punto de vista del docentey desde los estudiantes (participantes de la experiencia).AbstractThis article is based on a real and significant didactic experience, realizedin a virtual environment, in which we work the graphic design applied to the creation of visual identities from the point of view of the representation of people instead of companies or entities. Thanks to this work we have been able to apply different innovative strategies, such as gamification, for the correct development of a task that includes the acquisition of theoretical-practical knowledge, reflection on visual identity, interaction between the different members of the experience (students and teacher) and the motivation of entertainment. For a better understanding of the experience and the task, we will know the needs of which the elaboration of the didactic proposal arises, his development, the main theoretical-visual foundations in which the learning is supported and the valuation of the experience from the point of view of the teacher and from the students (participants of the experience).
La ilustración como herramienta de repercusión social en El Salvador = Illustration as a tool for social repercussion in El Salvador
Authors: Rodríguez Morán José Ernesto , Rodas García Douglas Ernesto
Published: January 2020

ResumenLa investigación consistió en el análisis comparativo de los procesos de desarrollo de cinco proyectos con diferentes líneas de acción social realizados por los ilustradores salvadoreños Gabriel Granadino, Carlos Violante, Sonia Lazo, Edmundo Landaverde (MUNDO) y Gabriela Novoa, quienes fueron seleccionados con base en los patrones metodológicosabordados particularmente en cada uno de los casos estudiados.El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar la relación que existe entre las características de cada caso de estudio. Para ello, se seleccionaron cinco proyectos con diferentes líneas de acción social: identidad cultural, educación, feminismo, política y educación sexual. De estos proyectos se determinaron las metodologías y los contextos quefueron parte de los mismos, con el fin de comprender la manera en la que estos componentes influyeron en el desarrollo y el alcance de los objetivos contemplados para cada caso en específico. La investigación se realizó utilizando diversas fuentes de información recopiladas a través de: referencias bibliográficas, entrevistas, documentación fotográfica y la sistematización de los procesos por medio de matrices comparativas.AbstractThe investigation consisted in the comparative analysis of the development processes of five projects with different lines of social action carried out by the Salvadoran illustrators Gabriel Granadino, Carlos Violante, Sonia Lazo, Edmundo Landaverde (MUNDO) and Gabriela Novoa, who were selected based on the methodological patterns addressedparticularly in each of the cases studied.The main objective of this research is to analyze the relationship that exists between the characteristics of each case study. For this, five projects with different lines of social action were selected: cultural identity, education, feminism, politics and sexual education.From these projects, the methodologies and contexts that were part of them were determined, in order to understand the way in which these components influenced the development and scope of the objectives contemplated for each specific case. The research was conducted using various sources of information collected through: bibliographic references,interviews, photographic documentation and the systematization of processes through comparative matrices.
Aktivitas Penghambatan Migrasi Leukosit Ekstrak Diklorometana Daun Sendok (Plantago major) pada Mencit yang Diinduksi Tioglikolat
Authors: Triastuti Asih
Published: January 2020

Plantago major (daun sendok) telah dilaporkan memiliki beberapa aktivitas farmakologi seperti antibakteri, antidiabetes, antioksidan, dan membantu menyembuhkan luka. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas antiinflamasi ekstrak diklorometana P.major pada model peritonitis yang diinduksi tioglikolat. Ekstrak diklorometana P.major diuji aktivitasnya sebagai antiinflamasi melalui penghambatan migrasi leukosit. Mencit jantan Swiss dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok yaitu kelompok normal (tanpa perlakuan), kontrol negatif (pemberian tioglikolat), kontrol positif (pemberian indometasin), kontrol pelarut (dimetilsulfoksida/DMSO 10%), dan kelompok perlakuan ekstrak P.major dengan dosis 200, 400, dan 600 mg/kgBB. Jumlah leukosit dihitung dengan hemositometer dan dianalisis dengan Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dengan dosis 200, 400, dan 600 mg/kgBB mampu menghambat migrasi leukosit pada mencit yang telah diinduksi tioglikolat ditandai dengan penurunan jumlah leukosit secara signifikan (p<0,05) meskipun efektivitasnya lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan indometasin. Kemampuan ekstrak dalam menghambat migrasi leukosit semakin besar seiring dengan peningkatan dosis. Ekstrak diklorometana P. major mengandung asam ursolat yang sebelumnya telah dilaporkan aktif menghambat enzim siklooksigenase 2 (COX-2). Hal ini memperkuat dukungan P. major sebagai agen anti inflamasi dan sangat potential untuk dikembangkan sebagai sediaan farmasi.
CENTER LEARNING MODEL IN CHILDREN AGED 4-5 YEARS
Authors: Qori'ah Tri Ulya Wardati
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to describe the application of the beyond centers and circle time in children aged 4-5 years at Surakarta Islamic Consecrated Kindergarten. This problem was examined with a qualitative approach and the type of research case study. The research subjects involved were children, teachers, and parents. Data collected by researchers through interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used the Miles and Huberman analysis model. The technique of data validity testing was by source and technique triangulation. The results research of the application of the central learning model was carried out by organizing learning focusing on children in a circle using four types of scaffolding, namely playing environment, before playing, during play, and after playing. Bakti IX Islamic Kindergarten applied five school days, as well as one type of center every day, there are five centers that are implemented namely beam centers, centers of life skills, arts centers, preparation centers, and role-playing centers. The application of beyond centers and circle time can stimulate children to be able to optimize the six developmental fields of children. Learning media used ware APE and also the use of used goods.
Penerapan Metode Drill untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Passing Bawah Bola Voli Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Partini Partini
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to find out the application of the drill method in improving the results of volleyball under-passing learning of fifth grade students of Mlese 1 Elementary School in Klaten Regency, Semester I 2018/2019 Academic Year. The research subjects consisted of 18 students. The instrument used to measure the success of teacher and student activities in teaching and learning activities is by using an observation sheet, while measuring student learning outcomes is a cognitive, affective and psychomotor test. This
research was conducted in two cycles. The stages in this study follow the procedure of classroom action research, namely: (1) planning, (2) implementation of actions, (3) observations, and (4) reflection. From the results of the study concluded that the activities and learning outcomes of fifth grade students of SD Negeri 1 Mlese Gantiwarno District, Klaten Regency using the drill method showed maximum results, where in the first cycle the completeness level of teacher activities in carrying out learning activities only reached 72.72%
and increased in cycle II to 100%, for student learning completeness data 70% and experienced an increase in cycle II to 90%, this has exceeded standards based on minimum completeness criteria of 85%. While the learning outcomes of students in the first cycle only reached 66.67%, increasing in the second cycle to 94.44% or have reached the level of learning completeness set by the school which is 80%. Thus it can be concluded that the application of the drill method can improve the results of volleyball under-passing learning in grade V students of SD Negeri 1 Mlese Gantiwarno District, Klaten Regency, first semester of the school year 2018/2019.
Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Lompat Jauh Melalui Pendekatan Bermain Lompat Tali pada Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Warsiyanti Y.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The students' long jump learning outcomes still do not meet the KKM. This study aims to describe the process of improving long jump learning outcomes through the rope jumping approach to fourth grade students of Katekan 2 Elementary School in Gantiwarno District, Klaten Regency. This research is a classroom action research. The subjects in this study were grade IV students of SDN 2 Katekan in Gantiwarno District, Klaten Regency with a total of 20 students. The instrument used was a long jump performance test. The data analysis
technique used in this study is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the effort to increase the results of the long jump through rope jumping in the fourth grade students of Katekan Elementary School 2 of Gantiwarno Subdistrict, Klaten Regency was successfully marked by an increase in the average value of students. The average value of students in pre-action activities was 55.94 with a percentage of completeness of 40%. This condition experienced an increase in the average value of students
in the first cycle, namely to be equal to 65.63 and the percentage of completeness by 60%. However, this increase has not yet reached the target set previously. Then after proceeding to the second cycle the students' long jump average value increased to 70.50 with the percentage of completeness of 90%. This shows that the previously set target has been reached so that the research is stopped in cycle II. The long jump learning process using the play approach takes place dynamically and pleasantly. Students actively carry out the task and observe the movement of the long jump technique and discuss each other with friends. All aspects of
assessment are mastered by students. The students' long jump ability increases with the markedby all KKM complete students (Minimum Completion Criteria), namely 67.
Exposure to the US Criminal Legal System and Well-Being: A 2018 Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sundaresh Ram , Yi Youngmin , Roy Brita , Riley Carley , Wildeman Christopher , Wang Emily A.
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To assess the association between exposure to the US criminal legal system and well-being.

Methods. We used data from the 2018 Family History of Incarceration Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional study of family incarceration experience (n = 2815), which includes measures of participants’ own criminal legal system exposure, including police stops, arrests, and incarceration. We measured well-being across 5 domains—physical, mental, social, spiritual, and overall life evaluation—and analyzed trends in well-being by criminal legal system exposure using logistic regression.

Results. Exposure to police stops, arrests, and incarceration were each associated with lower well-being in every domain compared with those not exposed. Longer durations of incarceration and multiple incarcerations were associated with progressively lower well-being. Those who were stopped and frisked by the police had low well-being similar to that of those who had been incarcerated multiple times.

Conclusions. Any exposure to police contact or incarceration is associated with lower well-being in every domain. More involved exposure is associated with even lower well-being.

Public Health Implications. Jail diversion and broader criminal justice reform may improve population-level well-being by reducing police contact and incarceration.
Employment and Health Among Recently Incarcerated Men Before and After the Affordable Care Act (2009–2017)
Authors: Gutierrez Carmen M. , Pettit Becky
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To explore whether and how the Affordable Care Act (ACA) affects the relationship between employment and health insurance coverage, health care utilization, and health outcomes among recently incarcerated men aged 18 to 64 years in the United States.

Methods. With data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), we used a difference-in-differences approach to compare changes in outcomes by employment status among recently incarcerated men.

Results. Uninsurance declined significantly among recently incarcerated men after ACA implementation. As the uninsured rate of unemployed men fell below that of their employed counterparts, the ACA helped to fully eliminate the effect of employment on insurance coverage among recently incarcerated men. The employment gap in diabetes widened after ACA implementation as unemployed men saw significant increases in diagnosed diabetes. Employment disparities in hospital visits, diagnosed hypertension, and reported mental illness also declined in the period following ACA implementation, but these changes were not statistically significant.

Conclusions. These findings highlight how the ACA, by providing a new route to health care, reduces the confounding forces associated with employment that are linked to both incarceration and health.
Exposure to Police and Client Violence Among Incarcerated Female Sex Workers in Baltimore City, Maryland
Authors: Fehrenbacher Anne E. , Park Ju Nyeong , Footer Katherine H. A. , Silberzahn Bradley E. , Allen Sean T. , Sherman Susan G.
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To determine the rate and correlates of incarceration among street-based female sex workers (FSWs).

Methods. From April 2016 to January 2017, FSWs (n = 250) in Baltimore City, Maryland, were enrolled in a 12-month prospective cohort study. We analyzed baseline data and used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to model the incarceration rate.

Results. Overall, 70% of FSWs had ever been incarcerated (mean = 15 times). In the multivariable analysis, incarceration rate was higher for FSWs exposed to police violence, non-Hispanic White FSWs, and women who used injection drugs daily. Risk for ever being incarcerated was higher for FSWs exposed to police or client violence, non-Hispanic Black FSWs, women who used injection or noninjection drugs daily, and those with longer time in sex work.

Conclusions. Incarceration was associated with exposure to violence from both police and clients. Daily drug use and time in sex work appeared to amplify these risks. Although non-Hispanic Black women were at greater risk for ever being incarcerated, non-Hispanic White women were incarcerated more frequently.

Public Health Implications. Decriminalization of sex work and drug use should be prioritized to reduce violence against FSWs.
Intercultural Communication in the Implementation of Multicultural Education Performed by Islamic Religion Education Teachers of Senior High Schools
Authors: Inayah Sitti Syahar , Raisuddin Muhammad
Published: January 2020

The occurrence of intercultural communication in multicultural education is indicated by the sense of equality in the education process, regardless of ethnicity, social class and the gender of the students. The dynamics of Islamic Religion Education, which was executed through an approach so-called ‘multicultural education’, combines traditions and learning process. Thus, the teachers were supposed to be the communicators who underline some particular factors such as readiness and empathy. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to describe the dynamics of intercultural communication in the settings of multicultural education performed by High School’s Islamic Religion Education (PAI) teachers in Makassar. This qualitative study found that teacher’s readiness was changing every time they taught another class with another academic major. A practical approach was the one preferred by the students of all kinds of academic majors, unlike the discussion and lecture approach. The other finding of this study was that teachers were more likely to show cognitive empathy rather than affective empathy.Keywords: Intercultural Communication, Multicultural Education, Islamic Religion Education
Genesis of giant, bouldery bars in a Miocene gravel-bed river: Insights from outcrop sedimentology, UAS-SfM photogrammetry, and GPR
Authors: Korus Jesse T. , Joeckel R. Matthew , Tucker Shane T.
Published: January 2020

Bedsets of bouldery intraformational conglomerate partly fill a narrow, 40-m-deep paleovalley in the Arikaree Group (lower Miocene) in Nebraska, USA. Entire bar successions are exposed in 3D, offering an opportunity to improve upon sedimentological models for coarse-grained fluvial deposits. Using unmanned aircraft, structure-from-motion photogrammetry, and ground-penetrating radar, we offer the first comprehensive assessment of the lithofacies and stratigraphic architecture of this regionally unique fluvial conglomerate. We interpret three lithofacies associations: (1) beds of chaotic breccias lining the exhumed valley wall (colluvium), (2) < 5-m-thick units dominated by horizontal to gently inclined (2–3°) beds of granule to pebble conglomerates, and (3) 10–24-m-thick units of steeply inclined (∼ 30°) beds of bouldery conglomerates, which dominate the channel fill. The deposit comprises at least four stories, but its thickest part is a deep scour filled by a single story of steeply inclined bouldery deposits. The direction of accretion of the giant bars was toward the paleovalley wall, where contemporaneous valley-side colluvium and bar deposits are juxtaposed. We propose that increased discharge in a high-order trunk stream rapidly eroded the friable sandstone of the underlying Monroe Creek–Harrison formations, amassing resistant, large concretions that were subject to valley-slope mass movements and fluvial transport (subaqueous traction, grainflow, and debris flow). Giant accretion surfaces formed as fluvial bars migrated over the edges of deep scours. Thus, the funneling of increased discharges through a confined paleovalley amplified the magnitudes of valley and bed erosion, water depth, stream competence, and bar thickness, preserving an exceptionally thick, coarse-grained deposit.
FACS Isolation of Melanocyte Stem Cells from Mouse Skin
Authors: Zhang Bing , He Megan , Hsu Ya-Chieh
Published: January 2020

Melanocyte stem cells (MeSCs) are crucial for generating mature melanocytes that colour the skin and hair. Dysfunction of MeSCs can result in conditions such as hair greying, hypo- or hyper-pigmentation disorders, and melanoma. Here we describe a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) strategy for isolating MeSCs from mouse skin. The isolated MeSCs can be used in a multitude of experiments including gene expression analysis, transplantation, and others.
Hormonal changes throughout puberty in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Pump indication
Authors: Ren Xiaoya , Tian Yuanyuan , Feng Guoshuang , Wang Yi , Zhang Beibei , Cao Bingyan , Chen Jiajia , Gong Chunxiu
Published: January 2020

Background It is difficult to capture the exact time of pubertal initiation in normal children, including the detailed patterns of physical development, the cut-off values of hormone changing at pubertal initiation and maturation. Method Patients diagnosed with CHH were included in to prospectively investigate the hormones changes by GnRH pulsed pump therapy. We investigate testis volume and the hormones of HPG axis at basal and LHRH stimulated at 0 and the end of week 1, 4, and 12. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to determine the cut-off values of pubertal hormones.Results: Twenty-four CHH patients received pulse LHRH therapy were rolled in this study. ①stimulated FSH reached peak and LH increased significantly at week4. At this time point we workup the cut-off hormones values for pubertal initiation by ROC. They are: basal LH 1.32 IU/L, LH/FSH 0.34, the stimulated LH 4.45 IU/L and LH/FSH 0.54 for initiation. ②Basal INH-b elevated at week1, followed by T at week4, then AMH decreased at week12 coupled with testicle and penis growth. ③the pituitary response of CHH is normal when LH in the range of 1.81-3.17 IU/L and the LH / FSH in the range of 0.57-0.87. Conclusion ① we got the cut-off values of puberty initiation: basal LH 1.32 IU/L, stimulated LH 4.45 and LH/FSH 0.54 signed HPG axis activated. ②we got the cut-off hormones values of normal pituitary response: stimulated LH in the range of 1.81-3.17 IU/L and LH / FSH in the range of 0.57-0.87.
Characterization of the Key Region and Key Phosphorylation Sites of EcaICE1 for its Molecular Interaction with EcaHOS1 Protein in Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Authors: Cheng Ling , Zhang Weihua , Hu Jianlin , Zhang Ziyang , Liu Yan , lin yuanzhen
Published: January 2020

Background ICE1 (inducer of CBF expression 1), a MYC-like bHLH transcriptional activator, plays an important role in plant under cold stress via regulating transcriptional expression of downstream cold-responsive genes. Ubiquitination-proteasome pathway mediated by high expression of osmotically responsive gene1 (HOS1) can effectively induce the degradation of ICE1 and decrease the expression of expression of CBFs and their downstream genes under cold stress response in Arabidopsis , but the knowledge about ubiquitination regulation of ICE1 by HOS1 is still unknown in woody plants.Results The complete EcaICE1 gene and a new E3 ubiquitin ligase gene EcaHOS1 were amplified from the tissue culture seedlings of Eucalyptus camaldulensis . Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and BiFC assay results showed that EcaICE1 can interact with EcaHOS1 protein in the nucleus, and further Y2H assay demonstrated that the 126-185 amino acid region at the N-terminus of EcaICE1 protein was indispensable for its interaction with EcaHOS1 protein. Moreover, we found that the amino acids at positions 143, 145, 158 and 184 within the key interaction region were the potential phosphorylation sites of EcaICE1 based on bioinformatics analysis, and that only the substitution of Serine (Ser) 158 by Alanine (Ala) blocked the protein-protein interactions between EcaICE1 and EcaHOS1 by Y2H and β-galactosidase assays using site-direct mutagenesis. Overexpression of EcaICE1 and its mutations in Arabidopsis could significantly increase POD and SOD activities with a reduction for MDA content and up-regulate four cold-responsive genes ( CBF3 , KIN1 , COR15 and COR47A ) in the transgenic lines.Conclusion We first reported that EcaICE1 could interact with EcaHOS1 protein in Eucalyptus , and identified Ser 158 of EcaICE1 as the key phosphorylation site for its interaction with EcaHOS1 protein.
The origin of Epichloë endophyte - perennial ryegrass symbionts modify plant reactions to elevated concentration of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions in soil
Authors: Żurek Grzegorz , Wiewióra Barbara , Rybka Krystyna , Prokopiuk Kamil
Published: January 2020

Background: The phenomenon of plant mutualistic symbiosis with microbes may have apositive effect on improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses. The influence of fungal endophyte of the Epichloë sp. ( Clavicipitaceae ) on perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) plants grown in presence of heavy metal (HM) ions, Cd, Pb and Cu, in soil was studied. Results : The presence of Epichloë in the host grass tissues resulted in increase of the chlorophyll content, efficiency of photosystem II and accumulation of HM ions in aerial parts of plants and was dependent on host genotypes related to host plant origin. In both, E+ and E- plants the hormesis effect was induced by elevated concentration of Cu ions, resulting in better growth and photosynthesis, as examined by measurements of Chl a fluorescence. In case of an application of Epichloë -colonized grasses for HM phytoremediation, the choice of most effective host-endophyte interactions should be based on laboratory evaluation of the efficiency of the symbiosis. Conclusions: The presence of Epichloë endophytes positively affected ryegrass ability to accumulate HM ions and this accumulation was related to origin of Epichloë -ryegrass symbionts.
Exploring genetic variation based on drought-induced phenotypic alterations during reproductive stages in Desi and Kabuli types of chickpea
Authors: Taleei Alireza , Shaabani Jalal
Published: January 2020

Background: Identification of appropriate varieties adapted to the global warming and enhanced drought changes is imperative. In this study two sets of thirty elite genotypes of Desi and Kabuli chickpea types were used to investigate the effects of water scarcity at the phenotypic level in reproductive stages and surveying different drought-induced responses for them. Results: Alterations in GY and its components, FT, PT, MT, FM, and SDM as well as number of drought tolerance indices were measured in field conditions. The estimated genotypic effects were detected significant at both limited and full irrigation conditions for GY, GN, GW, and SDM; however, these effects had smaller values for environmental effects except in GW. The SDM and GW in water-limited conditions showed significant positive relationship with those of full irrigated for both chickpea types. GMP index provided the most positive correlations with GY for both type either of two conditions. The highest direct effect on GY was represented by SDM for Kabuli at both conditions as well as Desi chickpeas in limited water condition, while GN was the most one in full-irrigated Desi chickpeas. The ideal genotypes, 25 and 321, as Kabuli and Desi chickpeas, respectively, were detected with high stable and high GY.Conclusions: Results of this study showed that tested chickpea genotypes responded differently under different water treatments, suggesting the importance of assessment of genotypes under these conditions in order to identify the best genotype make up for each particular condition. As water stress severity was applied equally, therefore it was thought to be more serious in genotypes with a greater life cycle. However, it seems that chickpea plants have been adapted to the terminal drought stress, which could be due to the same time of vegetative growth with filling pods and transfer capability of photosynthesis assimilates towards more grain yield in tolerant genotypes. It seems to change in plant phenology due to the terminal drought stress more affected GN and GW in Desi and Kabuli chickpeas, respectively. These differences could be clear points for the leadership of breeding programs towards more adaptation of both Desi and Kabuli chickpea types to terminal water stress, respectively. Moderate to a high proportion of G × E effects were observed in combined analysis for GY, GN, and SDM compared to genotypic effects, suggesting that G × E effects played a greater role than genotypic effects. The ideal genotype of Kabuli type i.e. genotype 25 had greater GY as well as SDM in water-limited condition, while genotype 321 as ideal Desi genotype showed acceptable GY and SDM, but could compensate with higher GN.
Longitudinal Spatial Patterns of Intrinsic Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity in Upper Limb Amputees Patients
Authors: bao bingbo , hua xuyun , wei haifeng , luo pengbo , zhu hongyi , gao tao , wei xiaoer , li jing , li yuehua , chai yimin , zhang changqing , zheng xianyou
Published: January 2020

Background: Amputation in adults is a serious condition and most patients were associated with the remapping of representations in motor and sensory brain network. Methods: The present study includes 8 healthy volunteers and 16 patients with amputation. We use resting-state fMRI to investigate the local and extent brain plasticity in patients suffering from amputation simultaneously. Both the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and degree centrality (DC) were used for the assessment of neuroplasticity in central level. Results: We described changes in spatial patterns of intrinsic brain activity and functional connectivity in amputees in the present study and we found that not only the sensory and motor cortex, but also the related brain regions involved in the functional plasticity after upper extremity deafferentation. Conclusion: Our findings showed local and extensive cortical changes in the sensorimotor and cognitive-related brain regions, which may imply the dysfunction in not only sensory and motor function, but also sensorimotor integration and motor plan. The activation and intrinsic connectivity in the brain changed a lot showed correlation with the deafferentation status.
Construction of Potato DM1-3-516-R44 (DM) Transgenic System Based on Agrobacterium Transformation
Authors: Zhang Chao , Wang Dongdong , Yang Yongzhi , Chen Qin
Published: January 2020

Background: The sequencing potato DM1-3-516-R44 played an irreplaceable role in the study of gene function. So far, no one research the transformation system about DM. Therefore, our experiment was studied from three aspects: plant regeneration system, optimization of agrobacterium infection conditions and the effect of hygromycin on DM.
Results: A relatively suitable method for genetic transformation of DM was obtained: 1) The stem callus induction medium was MS + IAA 0.5 mg/L + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L, the leaf callus induction medium was MS + NAA 1.0mg/L + 6-BA 0.5mg/L and the shoot differentiation medium was MS + 6-BA 3.0 mg/L + ZT 0.5 mg/L. 2) The specific transformation condition was the agrobacterium concentration kept the OD600 = 0.3, and co-culture time consisted 3 days in the dark. The hygromycin concentration chose 8 mg/L to screen the transgenic plants. 3) Using hygromycin to screen about 100 transgenic shoots, 75 shoots were obtained and 53 strains were identified had target stripe by PCR technology.
Conclusion: The efficiency of the transformation system we created was over 50%. It provided a good basis for the study of potato gene function.
Longitudinal contribution of international electives for medical students to professional identity formation: A qualitative study
Authors: Hayashi Mikio , Son Daisuke , Nanishi Keiko , Eto Masato
Published: January 2020

Background: Globalization has given medical university students the opportunity to pursue international electives in other countries, enhancing the long-term socialization of medical professionals. This study examined the relationship between international electives for medical students and professional identity formation to identify the long-term effects of such electives.Methods: In all, 23 medical professionals (mean age 36.4 years; range 33–42 years), graduated from the University of Tokyo, participated in this study, and had completed their international electives for medical students more than 10 years before. The study employed a narrative inquiry approach based on a constructivist paradigm. Qualitative data were collected from 23 face-to-face, semi-structured in-depth interviews with each participant and 16 narrative reflective reports on international electives for medical students based on ethical permission. The thematic analysis involved generative coding and theorization, with the data being analyzed and interpreted by several researchers.Results: During the interviews, 36 themes related to medical professional socialization were identified, and from these, a theoretical framework was developed comprising six primary socialization factors (i.e., perspective transformation, career-design, self-development, diversity of values, contribution to others, and leadership). It was concluded that international electives for medical students could promote reflective self-relativization and contribute to medical professional identity formation. Additionally, such electives can encourage pursuing a specialization and academic or non-academic work abroad. International electives for medical students could contribute to medical professional identity formation on the basis the idea of cross-cultural understanding.Conclusions: This study addressed a number of issues regarding the long-term impact of international elective experiences in various countries on the socialization of Japanese medical professionals. It was found that these experiences gave medical professionals an opportunity to advance their professional identity formation and reflect on their developing identities. Furthermore, such electives provided opportunities of gaining cross-cultural understanding on their professional identity formation. This study thus offers some guidance to mentors conducting international electives for medical students and provides useful information for professional identity formation development in medical professionals.
A change from a nursing specialisation programme to a Master of Science degree in Nursing (MSc)
Authors: Kvande Monica Evelyn , Delmar Charlotte , Bogstrand Martha , Danielsen Inger , Fagerjord Britt , Igesund Unni , Mehus Grete , Nikolaisen Ragnhild , Rasi Matias , Stenseth Rita , Tunby Jorunn , Børresen Randi , Emaus Nina
Published: January 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Delay Tumor Growth Properties of LA-PEG-G Molecule and Its' Application as Drug Carrier
Authors: wei guangcheng , Xin Meixiu , Wang Hao , Huo Yehong , Hu Wei , Jiang Jigang , Wang Lei , Ma Liying , Yan Miaomiao , Wang Chunhua
Published: January 2020

LA–PEG–G molecule was prepared through the covalent conjugation of linoleic acid, polyethylene glycol and guanosine. LA–PEG–G molecule can self-assemble into spherical aggregate in aqueous solution. The size of the LA–PEG–G aggregate was approximately 132.1 ± 13.718 nm, and the Zeta potential was −36.3 ± 0.9644 mv. The loading rate of LA–PEG–G aggregates to Dox was 84.62 ± 1.810%. In vitro release experiments showed that Dox release from the LA–PEG–G–Dox nanomedicine was slow-release. Cell experiments showed that LA–PEG–G aggregates have low cytotoxicity, and the relative cancer cells survival rate decreased with the increasing of time and LA–PEG–G–Dox nanomedicine concentration. In vivo experiments showed that LA–PEG–G–Dox nanomedicine can inhibit tumor growth, and the LA–PEG–G aggregate could also delay the tumor growth which is very important to play the synergistic antitumor effect with the anticancer drug. Serum biochemistry showed that LA–PEG–G–Dox nanomedicine which reduced the Dox toxicity had very good antitumor effect. The tumor tissue sections indicated that LA–PEG–G–Dox nanomedicine can effectively induce tumor cell apoptosis, and finally cause tissue necrosis to achieve tumor treatment.
A rare complication of implantable cardiac defibrillator placement
Authors: Ferreira João , Domingues Célia Marques , Costa Susana Isabel , Silva Maria Fátima Franco , Gonçalves Lino Manuel Martins
Published: January 2020

Background Implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICD) are a popular and effective option in heart failure with left ventricular systolic dysfunction patients. Although frequently underdiagnosed, inadvertent malposition can lead to endocardial damage and thrombotic events. As ICD implants tend to increase in the following years, the recognition of their complications is critical. Case presentation The authors present a case of a 64-year-old woman with advanced heart failure and ICD malposition. This accidental discovery was denounced by the presence of a right bundle branch block pattern and later confirmed by echocardiography which showed the lead tip in contact with the mid segment of the left ventricular antero-lateral wall. As the patient hospitalisation was complicated with refractory ascites and cardiogenic shock, she underwent cardiac transplantation, with no recurrence of heart failure symptoms. Conclusions An electrocardiogram showing a right bundle branch block pattern during VVI pacing should arise the suspicion of inadvertent placement of a pacing/ICD lead. The many facets of echocardiography should be used for the diagnosis of this complication, as they were paramount in this case, as highlighted.
Assessing the challenges of utilizing fluoride filtered water and its factors, in Ethiopian central rift valley, Dugda district, Oromia region, south west Ethiopia,2019: A cross sectional study.
Authors: Tsebe Awash Almebo , Beyene Hunachaw , Erimias Adane , Ayenalem Alem Eskeziya
Published: January 2020

Background: The high level of fluoride in the Rift Valley water is due to naturally occurring fluoride that dissolves out of certain acidic volcanic rock formations. However, the utilization of drinking fluoride filtered water with appropriate level of fluoride provides more than 60% of fluoride required by the body. Dugda district is one of the parts of Ethiopian central rift valley(ECRV) that have high fluoride up to 14mg/l in their groundwater source. There are 11 village sized de-fluoridation schemes in Dugda district. Sothe aim of this study was to assess the challenges of utilizing fluoride filtered water, and associated factors, in Ethiopian rift valley, Oromia region, North East Shaw Zone, Dugdadistrict. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design complemented with the qualitative study was conducted from April 11-30, 2018Girigorian Colander. A total of 417 head of households were selected randomly for survey questioner interview,and six in-depth interviews were done with different water and sanitation experts at office level and 12 community key informant interview had done. Result:In this study, 56.3% of the studded participants utilized fluoride filtered water for drinking and cooking foods.Household with a family history of no fluorosis problem had a statically significant association with utilizing fluoride filtered water 44.4 times (AOR 44.42, CI, (18.83, 24.74) more likely utilized fluoride filter water as compared to their counterpart. More than three forth 321(79.3%) households prefer to utilize filtered water from the newly established filtering techniques so-called HAP (Hydroxyl Appetite Filter), but in practice only181(44.7%), 47(11.6%) utilizetheir water from HAP and bonechar fluoride filteringtechniques respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that those H/H utilized community level florid filterwater regularly were less likely affected by fluorosis problem than those H/H not utilized there drinking water from community level florid filter. Accessibility and type of fluoride filtering options were most challenging factors to utilize fluoride filtered water by households.
Diagnosis of bovine gastrointestinal parasites: comparison of different techniques and different solutions 
Authors: AKANDE FOLUKE Adedayo , PHILIP ALOHUTADE MAUTIN
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES : Cattle are important livestock species in Nigeria. But disease agents, especially gastrointestinal (GI) parasites, hinder their productivity. Non availability of rapid and affordable tools for GI parasite diagnosis poses problem to practitioners thus, the use of rapid, highly sensitive diagnostic techniques is required. One hundred faecal samples from cattle were analyzed through Simple Faecal Flotation (SFF), Modified Centrifugal Faecal Flotation (MCFF) and Mini-FLOTAC ® techniques (MFT) using Sodium Chloride, Brine, Sugar, Salt/Sugar and Zinc Sulphate at specific gravity of 1.2, 1.23, 1.25, 1.3 and 1.3 respectively as Flotation Solutions (FS). RESULTS : 100% GI parasite prevalence of was recorded with the following distribution: Strongyle (99%), Strongyloides spp (97%), Neoascaris vitulorum (78%), Trichostrongylus (56%), Nematodirus (46%), Capillaria spp (14%) and Trichuris spp (6%), Moniezia benedini (24%), Moniezia expansa (16%) , Taenia-like egg (3%), Schistosoma eggs (3%) and Eimeria oocyst (100%). Using Salt/Sugar the sensitivity of the techniques was 61.99%, 58.49% and 54.24%. for MFT, SFF and MCFF respectively. Considering the sensitivity of Salt/Sugar FS with availability and affordability its use as a routine FS is advocated. The ease and rapid use of Mini-FLOTAC in low economy country in addition to safety of diagnostic staff and the possibility of re-usage.
Investigation of China’s Yunnan pharmaceutical industry derived from two ethnomedicines, Yi medicine and Dai medicine
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Li Caifeng , Zhang Xiaobo , Tang Shihuan , Huang Xiulan , Yang Hongjun , Cui Xiuming , Huang Luqi
Published: January 2020

Background: Yunnan Province is a multi-ethnic area located in the southwest of China, and she also is rich in Chinese matiera medica resources, known as the ‘kingdom of plants’. There is abundant of ethnomedicine resources in Yunnan province and many ethnic minorities inherit and retain numerous knowledge of traditional medicine. The biomedicine and big health industry have been the pillar industry of Yunnan since 2016, which is the important pharmaceutical industrial base for Dai Medicine and Yi Medicine in China, for example Yunnan Baiyao with “amazing efficacy” and originating from a Yi medical formula. Yi medicine and Dai medicine of Yunnan Province were investigated in this work focusing on the basic information of Dai patent medicine (DPM) and Yi patent medicine (YPM), including the clinical indications, herbal resources and their sources of traditional knowledge. Methods: The data and information were collected from the published literatures and some public service websites, and the data base of DPM and YPM was established including the information about manufacturer, approval number, clinical indication, prescription composition, dosage form of drug, etc. We investigated the references and literatures including the publicly available pharmaceutical instructions ensuring the authenticity and reliability of the investigation. Results: The results showed that there were 28 varieties of DPMs and 73 varieties of YPMs approved to use in clinical according to the drug regulatory laws of China. In the DPMs and YPMs, about 109 and 197 herbal medicines are recorded in China Pharmacopoeia, 18 and 52 herbs are recorded in Standards for Chinese medicinal materials in Yunnan Province respectively. Nearly 20 herbs have not any quality standard. Among these herbal medicines, there are 10 herbs considered as Dai Medicine and 30 herbs as Yi Medicine. In order to produce these DPMs and YPMs, about 16 animal medicines and 17 rare and endangered medicinal materials would be collected and used. Conclusions: The investigation would provide a more detailed report on Yunnan ethnic medicine industry, and it should be believed reasonably that the ethnomedicine of Yunnan Province will give more choices for human health through scientific experiments and dealing with the sustainable utilization of medicine resources.
Exploration of barriers to the uptake of nutritional services among adolescent girls from the rural communities of Tigrai Region, Northern Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Kahsay Amaha , Gebregziabher Hadush , Hadush Znabu , Yemane Dejen , Hailemariam Abebe , Mulugeta Afework
Published: January 2020

Introduction:Adolescence is a time of tremendous physical growth and mental development, with high nutrient requirements. Ethiopia is among a country with high prevalence of nutritional deficiencies among the women of reproductive age group whilst adolescent girls from rural suffer from it disproportionally. However, there is dearth of evidence regarding the barriers that hinder adolescent girls to utilize the available nutritional interventions. Therefore, the current study aimed to qualitatively explore the range of barriers for the uptake of nutritional interventions among adolescent girls in rural communities of Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia. Methods and participants : An explorative qualitative study was employed among purposively selected adolescent girls and school teachers form rural districts of Tigrai region of Northern Ethiopian. Nine focused group discussions (FGDs) with adolescent girls (Five with in-school adolescents and four with out-school girls), thirteen in-depth interviews with adolescent girls (Seven in-school girls and six out-school girls) and in-depth interviews with six teachers were conducted using semi-structured guide. Data were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim in local language, translated into English and imported into ATLAS.ti version 7.5 qualitative data analysis software for coding and analysis. Results : Adolescents perceived that stunting, anemia and thinness are among the main nutritional problems in their community. Food insecurity, limited nutrition awareness in the community, limited access to water for drinking and gardening, high workload, service provider’s little attention for adolescents’ nutrition and food taboo were emerged as barriers for the uptake of adolescent girls nutritional interventions. Though limited in reach, available nutritional interventions include awareness creation, nutritional supplementation, and disease prevention. Conclusion : A range of barriers hinder adolescent girls to access nutritional interventions. Food insecurity poses a strong challenge to adolescent girls’ nutrition. As access to safe drinking water continues to be a considerable bottleneck for nutritional interventions, multi-sectoral response to integrate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services is required. Bounded by food taboo, high burden of workload among the adolescent girls, women empowerment and nutritional status seem to be the unfinished agenda in resource limited settings such as the rural areas of Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia. Keywords : Adolescent girls, barriers, nutritional services, rural, Tigrai, Ethiopia.
High Urinary Sodium Excretion Is Associated with Synchronous Gastric Epithelial Neoplasms in Women
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Park Seon-Young , Chung Jin Ook , Seo Ji Ho , Cho Hyun A , Hong Ji-Yun , Park Chang Hwan , Kim Hyun Soo , Choi Sung Kyu , Rew Jong Sun
Published: January 2020

Background : Although previous studies have suggested a high salt intake as a risk factor for precancerous and cancerous lesions of stomach, the evidence is not sufficient to draw a conclusion yet. We aimed to evaluate the association between ‘estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion’ and prevalence of synchronous gastric epithelial neoplasm. Methods: Among 2017 patients with gastric epithelial neoplasms, who had test results for estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, 1310 were enrolled. Results: There were 545 (41.6%) patients with high-grade dysplasia and early gastric cancer. The mean age was 64.5 years; 853 (65.1%) were men and 244 (18.6%) were smokers. The rate of Helicobacter pylori infection was 71.0% (797/1123). The incidence of synchronous gastric epithelial neoplasm was 10.6% (139/1310). Significant interactions were seen between estimated 24-hour urine sodium’ and sex ( P -interaction =0.003), with the association largely limited to women; ‘estimated 24-hour urine sodium’ (aOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.51, P = 0.012) was an independent risk factor for synchronous gastric neoplasm in women. Conclusions: High ‘estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion’ was associated with synchronous gastric epithelial neoplasm in women.