bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time-dependent characteristic and similarity of chloride diffusivity in concrete
Authors: Zhang Yurong , Zhuang Huaxia , Shi Jiale , Huang Jun , Zhang Junzhi
Published: January 2018

Corrosion of reinforcing steel due to chloride attack is the main cause of deterioration of reinforced-concrete (RC) structures in a chloride environment. Chloride diffusion in concrete is time-varying and affected by many factors. It is necessary for service life prediction of RC structures to make clear how chloride diffusion coefficients change with time. In addition, the test environment has an obvious effect on the concrete's diffusivity, especially on the chloride diffusion coefficient and the age factor. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct similarity analysis of chloride ingress into concrete between an artificial simulated environment and a field marine environment. Based on the existing field exposure test, an accelerated simulated test with the same concrete mixture proportions as the exposure test under a tidal environment were designed in this paper. The free chloride concentrations in concrete with different exposure times and diffusion coefficients of concrete were obtained, and the relationship between the age factor and water/cement ratio was analysed. Finally, the similarity of the time-dependent characteristic of chloride ions in concrete between the accelerated simulation and field exposure test was investigated.
Recent Trends in Small Business Lending and the Community Reinvestment Act
Authors: Mach Traci , Dore Tim
Published: January 2018

In this note, we analyze data on small business loan originations collected under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) to document heterogeneity in the recovery in small business lending since the financial crisis.
Factores para seleccionar tuberías de conducción de gas licuado de petróleo en el Ecuador
Authors: Venegas Vásconez Diego Fernando , Ayabaca Sarria Cesar , Celi Ortega Santiago , Rocha Hoyos Juan , Mena Mena Euro
Published: January 2018

Para realizar instalaciones residenciales, comerciales e industriales de gas licuado de petróleo (GLP) en el Ecuador, rige la norma técnica ecuatoriana INEN 2260:2010, la cual establece los lineamientos mínimos de seguridad que se deben tener en cuenta en este tipo de instalaciones. Para conducir este hidrocarburo, la norma acepta varios materiales de tuberías, métodos de unión con accesorios, formas de instalación, lo que hace que el responsable del dimensionamiento y planeación de este tipo de sistemas tenga varias opciones para escoger al momento de encaminar un proyecto determinado. El presente trabajo muestra algunos factores que inciden en la selección de la tubería más adecuada para sistemas de GLP, cumpliendo con la norma técnica obligatoria en el Ecuador. Se compara la resistencia a la tracción, dureza y peso como propiedades de los materiales aceptados; tiempos de ejecución de uniones entre tuberías y accesorios y, finalmente, se comparan los costos asociados a los materiales, mano de obra y mantenimiento que debe darse a estos sistemas.
Patentes e o direito à saúde: análise sobre as discussões de propriedade intelectual na Organização Mundial da Saúde, entre 2006 e 2016.
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Felipe Carvalho , Santos Alethele de Oliveira
Published: December 2017

RESUMO: Introdução – A propriedade intelectual instituída pelo Acordo TRIPS nos países signatários da Organização Mundial do Comércio apresenta-se como um grande desafio aos países em desenvolvimento em relação à saúde pública, principalmente. De forma destacada a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) iniciou trabalhos para discutir os impactos dos direitos de propriedade intelectual e a saúde pública. Objetivo – Analisar as discussões realizadas na OMS sobre propriedade intelectual e saúde pública, no período entre 2006 e 2016. Resultados – Houve destaque às funções sociais da propriedade intelectual,  contudo, observado que países em desenvolvimento e menos desenvolvidos não são capazes de se beneficiar de uma maior proteção à propriedade intelectual, pelo que devem utilizar-se das flexibilidades presentes nas normas regulatórias, como o Acordo TRIPS e reafirmadas na Declaração de Doha. Considerações Finais – Observa-se que os debates sobre a propriedade intelectual, em especial acerca  produtos farmacêuticos, vem cercada de controvérsias relacionadas ao acesso das populações aos medicamentos essenciais, à promoção da inovação e transferência de tecnologias dos países desenvolvidos aos  países em desenvolvimento , Importa assinalar que no contexto brasileiro o reconhecimento de propriedade intelectual promoveu um aumento  de custo dos produtos farmacêuticos, em virtude do monopólio, e torna-se um dos elementos de barreira ao acesso e à universalização do direito à saúde.
El concejo de Navia a través del «Censo de Godoy» (ISBN: 978-84-17140-29-8)
Authors: Sánchez Pascual Pablo
Published: January 2018

RESUMENEl presente trabajo pretende contribuir a un mayor conocimiento del llamado Censo de Godoy, uno de los recuentos de población de la etapa pre-estadística más importantes y raros. Por ello, la conservación del expediente y de los cuestionarios originales correspondientes tanto al antiguo concejo de Navia (Asturias) como a sus parroquias otorga a esta documentación un especial valor, cuyo contenido nos permite analizar la estructura demográfica y económico-profesional de este concejo en 1797. Con una población que tiende a estancarse y una economía con unos valores más bien mediocres en manufacturas y servicios, Navia será un ejemplo de la situación de atraso que vive Asturias pues, a pesar de su localización en la fachada marítima del Principado —en general más desarrollada que su interior— y al igual que sucederá en otras partes de España, a finales del Antiguo Régimen se agudiza una crisis afectada por la presión fiscal y el clima bélico del reinado de Carlos IV.PALABRAS CLAVENavia; Asturias; Censo de Godoy; población; demografía; economía. TITLEThe council of Navia in the «Godoy’s census»ABSTRACTThis research aims to contribute to a better understanding of the so-called Godoy’s Census, one of the most important and rare pre-statistical population counts. For this reason, the preservation of the file and the original questionnaires corresponding to both the former council of Navia (Asturias) and its parishes give this documentation a special value, whose content allows us to analyze the demographic and economic-professional structure of the council in 1797. With a population that tends to stagnate and an economy with rather mediocre values in manufactures and services, Navia will be an example of the backward situation that lives Asturias because, despite its location in the maritime front of the Principality —generally more developed than its interior— and like what will happen in other parts of Spain, at the end of the Old Regime a crisis affected by the fiscal pressure and the warlike atmosphere of the reign of Carlos IV intensifies.KEY WORDSNavia; Asturias; Census of Godoy; population; Demography; Economy.
Religiosidad y comportamientos religiosos en la España Moderna
Authors: López Roberto J.
Published: January 2018

RESUMENLos estudios sobre la religiosidad popular en la España Moderna se han desarrollado ampliamente en las últimas décadas. En este artículo se repasan algunas de las conclusiones y estado actual de algunos temas de investigación, y se subraya la necesidad de investigaciones más sistemáticas que permitan tener visiones de conjunto más allá de los marcos locales, y que especialmente atiendan a los efectos reales de las críticas ilustradas sobre las manifestaciones religiosas en el siglo XVIII.PALABRAS CLAVEReligiosidad, santuarios, hagiografía, reformismo ilustrado. TITLEReligiosity and religious behavior in the 18th century in SpainABSTRACTStudies on religión in the 18th century in Spain have been widely developed in recent decades. In this paper some of the findings and current status of some reserch topics are reviewed, and underlines the need for more systematic research that allow to have visions of the whole beyond the local frameworks, and that especially address the real effects of Enligthened critiques of the religious manifestations of the century.KEY WORDSReligiosity, shrines, hagiography, Enligthened reforms
Imagens de caça na Ars amatoria ovidiana
Authors: Trevizam Matheus
Published: December 2017

Neste artigo, desejamos focar-nos na incorporação de assuntos de caça à Arte de amar, de Ovídio. Embora a obra se concentre na descrição de eventos e personagens, sobretudo, inseridos em ambientação urbana, devido a seus muitos contatos com a tradição da elegia erótica romana, decerto encontramos o emprego de muitas imagens agrícolas ou venatórias no interior do poema. Sobre o emprego de imagens de caça na Ars, diferenciamos aquelas vezes em que elas se ligam a relatos míticos e aquelas em que tal sobreposição não ocorre. No último caso, tende a haver metaforização dessas imagens, mas no outro não, o que aproximaria a linguagem dos trechos mítico-venatórios de Arte de amar do emprego denotativo da linguagem.
Medicalización, promoción de la enfermedad y disfunción sexual femenina
Authors: Zuluaga Díaz Juan Carlos , Cruz Julio , Meneses Margarita
Published: January 2018

The article proposes a critical reflection, if you want to subordinate, in front of the hegemonic discourse both in the field of health sciences as in the prevailing political-economic field, around the process of medicalization and Pharmaceuticalization in western societies, emphasizing what has been called «disease mongering», exemplified in the case of female sexual dysfunction. From the review and analysis of current scientific articles and sociological criticism, it is argued abaut the socio-historical contemporary process that has become a «pharmaceutical culture» as well as agents, devices and strategies that allow their production and reproduction. The issues problematized in the document have to do with the production of meaning and practices associated with the processes of health and disease, as well as its orientation and definition from the field of power established by the medical establishment, the pharmaceutical industry and its lucrative drug business.
Una forma moderna de sociabilidad: inicio de la masonería en Chile (1862)
Authors: Parada Ulloa Marcos
Published: January 2018

The present study is a heuristic and interpretative analysis of, the foundational history of masonry in Chile during the second half of the nineteenth century. For this purpose, I identified the entrance routes of foreigners into Latin American and Chile. Masonry entered into Chile through the Pacific ports of Valparaíso and Talcahuano. Thanks to the mobility of merchants, artisans and professionals of British, French and North American descent, the masonic Order was established in the cities of Concepción and Copiapó. The institutionalization of masonry in Chile started with the foundation of the Gran Logia de Chile (The Great Lodge of Chile) in 1862, which favored the consolidation of the Order inside the country. In the next decades, masonry expands to other cities with the foundation of lodges involving Chileans as well.
Mixture models for rating data: the method of moments via Groebner bases
Authors: Iannario Maria , Simone Rosaria
Published: January 2018

A recent thread of research in ordinal data analysis involves a class of mixture models that designs the responses as the combination of the two main aspects driving the decision pro- cess: a feeling and an uncertainty components. This novel paradigm has been proven flexible to account also for overdispersion. In this context, Groebner bases are exploited to estimate model parameters by implementing the method of moments. In order to strengthen the validity of the moment procedure so derived, alternatives parameter estimates are tested by means of a simulation experiment. Results show that the moment estimators are satisfactory per se, and that they significantly reduce the bias and perform more efficiently than others when they are set as starting values for the Expectation-Maximization algorithm.
La Igualdad ante la ley en la doctrina del TJUE
Authors: Martínez Sierra José Manuel , Ferrer Martín de Vidales Covadonga
Published: December 2017

El principio de igualdad ante la ley es un principio general del Derecho de la Unión Europea que, como el propio Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea ha reconocido, se encuentra consagrado en todas las constituciones europeas. Constituye un principio fundamental del Derecho de la Unión y se encuentra asimismo incorporado en la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea. El presente trabajo examina la evolución del reconocimiento del citado principio en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal. Además, analiza si la mencionada aprobación ha supuesto un cambio significativo en la predicha jurisprudencia. De ahí concluimos que la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales no ha mejorado el reconocimiento del Principio de Igualdad en el Derecho de la Unión Europea.Recibido: 10 febrero 2017Aceptado: 28 noviembre 2017Publicación en línea: 27 diciembre 2017
Breves consideraciones sobre la actual protección de los derechos de los contribuyentes en Europa desde la perspectiva del intercambio de información
Authors: Elechiguerra Labarca Melissa Carolina
Published: December 2017

Este artículo se centra en el reconocimiento de los derechos de los contribuyentes a nivel global y europeo, especialmente desde la perspectiva del intercambio de información, a la luz de las iniciativas de la UE. Aunque las regulaciones juegan un papel importante, también es necesario considerar todos los mecanismos para proteger a los contribuyentes que sufren directamente las consecuencias de estas acciones.Recibido: 01 octubre 2017Aceptado: 28 noviembre 2017Publicación en línea: 27 diciembre 2017
Odpowiedzialny marketing, czyli marketing społecznie zaangażowany
Authors: Szewczyk Monika
Published: December 2017

Marketing opisuje procesy społeczne polegające na swobodnej wymianie produktów i usług – nazywa się go również sztuką sprzedawania produktów. Przede wszystkim jest to proces oparty na planowaniu i realizacji pomysłów, ustalaniu cen, a także promocji i dystrybucji idei, towarów oraz usług. Wzrost znaczenia koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju i idei społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu powoduje, że strategie marketingowe w firmach zaczynają bazować na odpowiedzialności i uczciwości. Tak postrzegana forma marketingu prowadzi do implementacji marketingu społecznie zaangażowanego. Polega on na łączeniu celów ekonomicznych firmy z celami społecznymi. Można znaleźć wiele pozytywnych przykładów takich akcji i działań prowadzonych przez przedsiębiorstwa i służących społeczeństwu. Niestety pojawiają się także kontrowersyjne przypadki, budzące często niesmak wśród konsumentów. Spowodowane są one niewłaściwym zrozumieniem idei oraz chęcią poprawy wizerunku firmy i zwrócenia uwagi na istnienie marki na rynku w agresywny sposób. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie zastosowania marketingu społecznie zaangażowanego z uwzględnieniem zasad społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu, a także kontrowersji pojawiających się w tym obszarze.
Praktykowanie czasu wolnego w sytuacji niedoboru i nadmiaru
Authors: Martini Natalia
Published: December 2017

Za sprawą gruntownych przemian czasowych struktur codzienności, które zachodzą w społeczeństwie polskim od lat 90. XX wieku, życie codzienne znacznej liczby jego członkiń i członków przybiera formę niedoczasu lub „rozczasania”. Nowe kondycje temporalne, związane z jednej strony z sytuacją chronicznego braku czasu, z drugiej zaś z ciężarem jego nadmiaru, sprawiają, że praktykowanie czasu zwanego wolnym dla wielu ludzi staje się wyzwaniem. W artykule przyglądam się problematyczności czasu wolnego, budując jego obraz z tworzywa doświadczeń osób żyjących w niedoczasie i w „rozczasaniu”. Zasadnicza część tekstu zawiera rekonstrukcję praktyk społecznych związanych z domeną czasu wolnego w sytuacji jego niedoboru i nadmiaru. Poprzedza ją charakterystyka kondycji temporalnych, które podważają zasadność traktowania omawianego zjawiska jako oczywistej właściwości życia codziennego.
Rehabilitation Counselor Competencies When Working With Hispanic/Latino Immigrant Injured Workers: A Delphi Study
Authors: Román Leslie M. Santos , Estrada-Hernández Noel
Published: December 2017

Purpose:To explore and identify attitudes, knowledge, and skills rehabilitation practitioners in the private sector need when working with Hispanic/Latino immigrant injured workers.

Methods:This study employed a 3-round Delphi study to obtain a consensus of 8 rehabilitation practitioners who had experience and expertise working with Hispanic/Latino injured workers in the private sector about the essential competencies working with this population.

Results:Participants identified 50 main competencies as important when working with Hispanic/Latino immigrant injured workers.

Conclusion:Results indicate that the development of multicultural and ethical competencies received particular attention from participants. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Characterizations of \(\theta\)-closed sets using separation axioms in ideal topological spaces
Authors: Noorie Navpreet Singh , Goyal Nitakshi
Published: December 2017

We will give various characterizations of \(\theta\)-closed sets with respect to an ideal using separation axioms.

Also give its relationship with other type of closed sets defined in literature.
O coaching de carreira como recurso facilitador do processo de transição profissional
Authors: Loli Fabio , Treff Marcelo A.
Published: January 2018

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção de coachees sobre as técnicas do coaching de carreira como apoio à transição profissional. Pretende-se identificar as estratégias adotadas durante o programa e descrever como o coaching contribui para as reflexões de indivíduos. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e exploratória. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete pessoas que contrataram o referido programa. Os resultados analisados com base na técnica de análise de conteúdo demonstraram que o coaching de carreira: i) favorece o aprofundamento do autoconhecimento; ii) ajuda no encontro de propósito profissional; iii) auxilia na superação de certas barreiras da transição; e iv) incentiva a criação de uma agenda de aprendizagem da nova profissão.
TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI DALAM UPACARA ADAT PERKAWINAN MASYARAKAT MUNA SULAWESI TENGGARA (Studi Penelitian Etnografi Komunikasi)
Authors: Meiarni Ita
Published: December 2017

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang mendalam tentang tindak tutur ilokusi dalam upacara adat perkawinan masyarakat Muna di Desa Wali, Kecamatan Watopute, Kabupaten Muna, Sulawesi Tenggara. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode etnografi komunikasi berdasarkan teori Hymes. Data penelitian ini adalah tuturan dalam bahasa Muna yang terjadi dalam prosesi upacara adat perkawinan masyarakat Muna yang mencakup data tindak tutur ilokusi representatif, direktif, komisif, ekspresif, dan deklaratif. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam upacara adat perkawinan masyarakat Muna ditemukan data tindak tutur ilokusi representatif berupa tindak tutur ilokusi representatif menyatakan, melaporkan, dan mengklaim. Data tindak tutur ilokusi direktif berupa tindak tutur ilokusi direktif perintah, memohon/meminta, berdoa, dan bertanya. Data tindak tutur ilokusi komisif berupa tindak tutur ilokusi komisif berjanji. Data tindak tutur ilokusi ekspresif berupa tindak tutur ilokusi ekspresif meminta maaf, memberi salam, dan menyampaikan rasa hormat. Data tindak tutur ilokusi deklaratif berupa tindak tutur ilokusi deklaratif penamaan dan menikahkan.Kata kunci: tindak tutur, ilokusi, etnografi komunikasiAbstractThe purpose of this research is to discover the deep comprehension about illocutionary speech act in the traditional wedding ceremony in Wali village, Watopute subdistrict, Muna regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The approach of the research is qualitative with ethnography communication methods based on Hymes theory. The data of the research are the speech is Muna language happened in the wedding ceremony. All the data taken included representatives illocutionary speech act, directives, commissives, expressives, and declaratives. The result of the study found in the wedding ceremony that stated, reported, and claimed as the data of representatives illocutionary speech acts; command, begging/asking, praying, and questioning as the data of directives illocutionary speech acts; promising as the data of commissive illocutionary speech acts; apologizing, greeting, and showing respect as the data of expressives illocutionary speech acts; giving a name and marriage as the data of declaratives illocutionary speech acts for found in the wedding ceremony of Muna society.Keywords: speech acts, illocutionary, ethnography communication
AGRESIVITAS TOKOH DALAM NOVEL JAZZ, PARFUM, DAN INSIDEN KARYA SENO GUMIRA AJIDARMA (Suatu Kajian Psikologi Sastra)
Authors: Pratiwi Susilowati Dede , Emzir Emzir
Published: December 2017

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui agresivitas tokoh dalam novel Jazz,Parfum, dan Insiden karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma dari pendekatan psikologisastra. Penelitian ini dilakukan bulan September 2016 hingga Juli 2017.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metodeanalisis isi, dan sumbernya adalah novel Jazz, Parfum, dan Insiden. Jenisagresivitas yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah agresivitas langsung-aktifnonverbalsejumlah 91 (75,2%) data yang berupa tindakan merugikan orang lainsecara langsung. Kemudian tujuan agresivitas yang paling menonjol sebanyak 7(70%) data, tujuan agresivitas tersebut untuk menghentikan perilaku yang tidaksesuai, tujuan ini bukan untuk menyakiti korban. Lalu, sebab munculnyaagresivitas yang paling besar adalah faktor provokasi, provokasi terjadi karenaberbagai pihak saling memanasi sehingga agresi muncul, faktor provokasi iniditemukan sebanyak 3 (75%) data. Lalu dampak agresi yang menonjol dalampenelitian ini adalah kematian, kematian terjadi karena agresi sudah terlalu parah.Dampak kematian ditemukan sebanyak 12 (42,8%) data. Yang terakhir solusimengurangi agresi paling banyak ditemukan adalah hukuman, seperti dipenjara,ditahan sebanyak 9 (90%) data. Dalam novel Jazz, Parfum, dan Insiden terdapatnilai-nilai positif untuk membangkitkan pandangan pembaca terhadap kehidupannyata, khususnya mengenai rasa empati, simpati pada sesama manusia.Kata kunci: Agresivitas, Tokoh, Novel, Seno Gumira Ajidarma.

AbstrackThis research is purposed to analysze the characterâ€™s aggresiveness from Jazz,Parfum, and Insiden, a novel by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. This research has startedat September 2016 and end at July 2017. By using content analysis for it ismethod, this kind of research is qualitative research, on the based Jazz, Parfum,and Insiden. Some type of aggressiveness oftenly found in this research is kind ofdirect-active-nonverbal, amount 91 (75,2%) data which is such action thatdirectly disserving people. Then the dominant purposes of aggressiveness is amount 7 (70%) data, this kind of aggressiveness takes order to stopunappropriate behaviour, not to harm victims. Then the biggest cause ofaggressiveness is based on provocative factors, that appears as if each side ofgroups keep provoking and raise aggression up. There are 3 (75%) datas amountthis factor. Then the most dominant influence of aggression in this research is thedeath caused by highly ruthless aggression. This kind of death influence is amount12 (42,8%) data. The last is the mostly solution found to ease aggressiveness ispunishment, which are imprisoned or arrested, amount 9 (90%) datas of them. Inthe Jazz, Parfum, and Insiden novel, there are positive values to raise up thereaders perspective about reality, some of them are especially empathy, andsympathy among human beings.Keywords: aggressiveness, aggression, character, novel, Seno Gumira Ajidarma.
HUBUNGAN PERCAYA DIRI DENGAN KREATIVITAS GURU DI TK SE-KELURAHAN TANGKERANG KECAMATAN MARPOYAN DAMAI PEKANBARU RIAU
Authors: Rahmah Rahmah , Novianti Dona
Published: December 2017

This study aims to find out correlation between self-confidence and teachersâ€™ creativity at kindergarten schools in Kelurahan Tangerang, Kecamatan Marpoyan Damai, Pekanbaru. This study uses quantitative method. This study was taken place at kindergarten schools in Kelurahan Tangkerang in Pekanbaru. Populations were all kindergarten teachers in that region which consisted of 122 kindergarten teachers from 17 kindergarten schools. Samples taken in this study were 55 kindergarten teachers in Tangkerang sub-district Marpoyan Damai sub-district Pekanbaru from April to June 2016. Based on data analysis obtained, it can be inferred that correlation coefficient (R) equal to 761, thus the value of R Square = 579 which means self-confidence variable gives 76.1% influence on teachersâ€™ creativity, meanwhile the rest equal to (100% - 76.1) = 23.9% influenced by other factors out of variables examined. Due to t hitung > t table (8.546>2.007) then Ho is rejected which means there is significant correlation between self-confidence and teachersâ€™ creativity.
ESSENTIAL OIL OF THYMUS PECTINATUS FISCH&MEY.VAR.PECTINATUS: CHEMICAL FORMATION, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTISPASMODIC AND ANGIOGENIC ACTIVITIES
Authors: Saygın Ayşegül Göze , Göze İsmihan , Alim Ahmet , Ercan Nazlı , Durmuş Nedim , Vural Nilufer , Alim Betül Aycan
Published: December 2017

Background: Thymus species are well-known as medicinal plants. It was aimed to investigate the chemical composition of Thymus pectinatus (TP) and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, and angiogenic activities. Materials and Methods: After essential oil of TP (EO-TP) was obtained with clevenger distillation system, it was analyzed for chemical composition with GC-MS. To study antispasmodic activity, eight male Wistar albino rats each weighing approximately 250-300 g were used. Results: The results of the analysis revealed 19 components, which equals to 92.93 of the essential oil. The following are the main components; thymol (48.77%), m-cymene (9.15%), isoborneol (5.19%), trans-caryophyllene (4.43%), carvacrol (3.91%) and -terpinene (3.54%). It has been found that microorganisms subjected to whole all of microbiological tests are highly resistant to EO-TP. 2,2- diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical, along with superoxide radical scavenging, and lipid peroxidation says were utilized to show the antioxidant activities of the EO-TP. In measuring its effect, 0.1 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL dosage of the EO-TP was applied to the rat ileum as a result of which the magnitude and the frequency of the contractions were observed to be significantly. Conclusion: It was also understood that EO-TP had angiogenic effect upon the vein system of the embryos of chicks. There is a need for further studies to clarify the mechanisms of antimicrobial, antioxidant and angiogenic effects and to determine the constituents of EO-TP responsible from these effects, especially the angiogenic.
O EXPURGO: O POPULISMO PUNITIVO E A GESTÃO DO EXCESSO
Authors: LEAL JACKSON DA SILVA , Araujo Pessoa Sara
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho analisa o momento atual da política criminal brasileira diante do agigantamento do Estado punitivo. Crescimento que se dá através da atuação do próprio sistema na atuação de suas instituições de controle penal, atuando inclusive à margem da lei, com o que se tem definido como sistema pena subterrâneo, realizando (in)justiça sumária e a qualquer preço. E também através do mercado de serviços de segurança privada, tendo em vista a criação de um mercado altamente lucrativo inserido no contexto de pânico social gerado pela mídia que requer a privatização da segurança e a responsabilização individual pela própria incolumidade. Ambos os processos são explicados e difundidos por discursos teórico-políticos construídos nos Estados Unidos da América no momento da reforma conservadora da década de 80 e que foi difundido para o mundo todo e importado especialmente na América Latina. Este trabalho se baseia eminentemente em análise bibliográfica, a partir do acúmulo teórico permitido pelo vasto material proporcionado pela criminologia crítica latino-americana e brasileira. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar o paradoxo e as falácias desse discurso e a prática beligerante e policizante nesta politica criminal de tolerância zero genocida e aportar contributos para uma política criminal cidadã calcada nos direitos humanos.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O JUSPOSITIVISMO
Authors: Friede Reis
Published: December 2017

O debate que envolve o Jusnaturalismo e o Juspositivismo tem inspirado as reflexões de juristas e filósofos. Muito embora se possa afirmar que grande parte das históricas controvérsias associadas ao confronto entre o Direito Positivo e o Direito Natural já tenham sido superadas, subsistem inúmeros aspectos que merecem uma dedicação acadêmica. Deste modo, o presente artigo analisa a contribuição conferida por diversos pensadores para o tema em questão.
A Cultura Carnavalesca da Bomba do Hemetério como Recurso Econômico
Authors: Leão André Luiz Maranhão de Souza , Pereira Edilange Luiz
Published: December 2017

Contemporaneamente, a cultura tem sido considerada uma questão central nas políticas públicas, tendo em vista o seu reconhecimento para a promoção do desenvolvimento econômico. Na condição de um território expandido que agrega uma diversidade de agremiações carnavalescas consideradas de fundamental importância para o Carnaval de Pernambuco, a Bomba do Hemetério recebeu um programa de desenvolvimento local realizado a partir da articulação conjunta do poder público, da iniciativa privada e de instituições não governamentais. Com base na perspectiva teórica do Pós-Desenvolvimento, a presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar que discursos caracterizam a cultura carnavalesca da Bomba do Hemetério como recurso de desenvolvimento local. Para tal, coletamos dados documentais sobre o programa em questão, que foram interpretados por meio da Análise de Discurso Foucaultiana. Os resultados apontam para como a cultura local é preservada por meio dos saberes que a embasa, ao tempo em que esta mesma cultura é entendida como uma fonte de sobrevivência para a comunidade local.
Znaczenie i warunki rozwoju odnawialnych źródeł energii dla stanu środowiska naturalnego i zdrowia publicznego
Authors: Szlufik Martyna
Published: January 2018

Związek między pozyskiwaniem energii ze źródeł konwencjonalnych a degradacją środowiska naturalnego jest niezaprzeczalny. Autorka opisuje w artykule wpływ energii konwencjonalnej na dobra dziedzictwa przyrodniczego, takie jak Wielka Rafa Koralowa czy Arktyka, a także negatywne konsekwencje, jakie ona wywołuje dla zdrowia i życia człowieka. Drogą do naprawy obecnej sytuacji jest rozwój odnawialnych źródeł energii. Został on ukazany w aspekcie prawnym, przez przywołanie regulacji odnoszących się do ochrony zdrowia przyrody i człowieka. W artykule wskazane zostały przykłady państw i miast, które są w największym stopniu zasilane energią  odnawialną. Autorka przekonuje, że korzystając z energii odnawialnej możliwe jest tworzenie zdrowej i czystej przyszłości, do której ,,bramę prawną” otwierają przywołane w tekście przepisy.
Biomarkers Associated with Atrial Fibrosis and Remodeling
Authors: Dilaveris Polychronis , Antoniou Christos-Konstantinos , Manolakou Panagiota , Tsiamis Eleftherios , Gatzoulis Konstantinos , Tousoulis Dimitris
Published: January 2018

Atrial fibrillation is the most common rhythm disturbance encountered in clinical practice. Although often considered as solely arrhythmic in nature, current evidence has established that atrial myopathy constitutes both the substrate and the outcome of atrial fibrillation, thus initiating a vicious, self-perpetuating cycle. This myopathy is triggered by stress-induced (including pressure/volume overload, inflammation, oxidative stress) responses of atrial tissue, which in the long term become maladaptive, and combine elements of both structural, especially fibrosis, and electrical remodeling, with contemporary approaches yielding potentially useful biomarkers of these processes. Biomarker value becomes greater given the fact that they can both predict atrial fibrillation occurrence and treatment outcome. This mini-review will focus on the biomarkers of atrial remodeling (both electrical and structural) and fibrosis that have been validated in human studies, including biochemical, histological and imaging approaches.
Imaging in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Children with Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Ng Shu-Yan , Bettany-Saltikov Josette
Published: January 2018

The paper reviews the current imaging methods in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Radiography is generally used in the initial diagnosis of the condition. Postero-anterior erect full spine radiograph is generally prescribed, and is supplemented by lateral full spine radiograph when indicated. To reduce the radiation hazard, only the area of interest should be exposed, and follow-up radiographs should be taken with as few projections as possible. When available, EOS®stereoradiography should be used. The radiation of the microdose protocol is 45 times less than that of the conventional radiography. Surface topography offers another approach to monitoring changes of curvatures in AIS patients. Recently, 3D ultrasound has been found to be able to measure the Cobb angle accurately. Yet, it is still in the early developmental stages. The inherent intrinsic and external limitations of the imaging system need to be resolved before it can be widely used clinically. For AIS patients with atypical presentation, computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be required to assess for any underlying pathology. As CT is associated with a high radiation dose, it is playing a diminishing role in the management of scoliosis, and is replaced by MRI, which is also used for pre-operative planning of scoliosis.

The different imaging methods have their limitations. The EOS®stereoradiography is expensive and is not commonly available. The surface topography does not enable measurement of Cobb angle, particularly when the patient is in-brace. The 3D ultrasound scanning has inherent intrinsic technical limitation and cannot be used in all subjects. Radiography, however, enables diagnosis and monitoring of the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). It is thus the gold standard in the evaluation and management of scoliosis curves.
Lycopene and ketotifen potentiates the anti-hyperalgesic effect of gabapentin in PSNL-induced neuropathic pain in wistar rats
Authors: Tyagi Nischal
Published: January 2018

The present study is designed to investigate the involvement of antioxidant mechanism and role of mast cells in pathophysiology of neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation. The effect was evaluated by assessing various behavioural parameters (thermal hyperalgesia, cold hyperalgesia), biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase). Partial Sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) significantly caused thermal hyperalgesia, cold hyperalgesia and oxidative damage as compared to normal and sham and group. Upon daily administration of combination of lycopene (50 mg/kg), ketotifen (10mg/kg) and gabapentin (100 mg/kg) considerably reversed hyperalgesia, cold hyperalgesia and also attenuated oxidative stress when compared to PSNL group. The results indicated that combination lycopene, ketotifen and gabapentin exhibited a potentiating effect in neuropathic pain by inhibiting degranulation of mast cells and also by reducing oxidative stress.
Our Experience in Treatment of Testicular Torsion in Children
Authors: Salokha A. , Zeliak M. , Fofanov O. , Zinyak B. , Babyak B. , Dotsenko Y. , Borys O. , Glahovych M. , Krasyvskyy I. , Pavlykyvskyy S. , Fofanov V.
Published: December 2017

The objective of the research was to analyze personal experience and world literature on the diagnosis and treatment of boys with testicular torsion and to improve the process of providing specialized care.Materials and methods. The study included 141 boys with testicular torsion. 133 patients underwent emergency surgery, 8 patients underwent manual detorsion.Results. Treatment was successful in 88 patients; in 53 cases, orchiectomy was performed.Conclusion. Personal observations and the analysis of the literature on testicular torsion in boys indicate the need for early diagnosis and immediate surgery.
Behavioural Adaptation of Malay Families and Housing Modification of Terrace Houses in Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Rahim Zaiton , Hashim Ahmad Hariza
Published: January 2018

This paper examines the behavioural adaptation of Malay families living in terrace houses with regard to the activity system, privacy and social interaction among Malay families and terrace housing modification. The study uses case studies of 11 Malay families living in three-bedroom two-storey terrace houses in two urban locations in Malaysia. Findings indicate that behavioural adaptation resulted in changes in some aspects of the Malay culture and housing modifications provided a more supportive living environment but have adverse effects on individual families and the housing communities due to the constraints of the terrace housing design.
Cyclical Changes of Space: The phenomena of space changes in historic-religious Kampung Luar Batang, Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Puspitasari Popi , Djunaedi Achmad , Ahimsa Putra Sudaryono, Heddy Shri
Published: January 2018

Kampung Luar Batang is a modern-traditional urban settlement occupied by a heterogeneous community with hybrid culture, at the proximity of an urban pilgrimage center – a maqom (sacred tomb). By employing phenomenological research methodology, this study has been able to understand how the religious, traditional and economic activities Kampung have simultaneously generated the phenomenon of changes in the articulation of space in cyclical patterns (annually, weekly, and daily). Social exchange based on religious-tradition has generated fluid, elastic, and changeable spatial characteristics. This paper is intended to describe the underlying reasons of these phenomena and to generate a model for these interesting cyclical changes of space.
A Web-Based Interactive Tool to Reduce Childhood Obesity Risk in Urban Minority Youth: Usability Testing Study (Preprint)
Authors: Verdaguer Sandra , Mateo Katrina F , Wyka Katarzyna , Dennis-Tiwary Tracy A , Leung May May
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Childhood obesity is a serious public health issue among minority youth in the United States. Technology-enhanced approaches can be effective for promoting healthy behavior change.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to test the usability of prototypes of a Web-based interactive tool promoting healthy dietary behaviors to reduce childhood obesity risk in urban minority youth. The Web-based tool comprised a manga-style comic with interactive features (eg, sound effects, clickable pop-ups), tailored messaging, and goal setting, and was optimized for use on tablet devices.

METHODS

Latino and black/African American children ages 9 to 13 years were recruited to participate in two rounds of usability testing. A modified think-aloud method was utilized. Self-reported surveys and field notes were collected. Audio recordings and field notes from usability testing sessions were systematically reviewed by extracting and coding user feedback as either positive comments or usability or negative issues. The quantitative data from self-reported questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

Twelve children (four female; eight black/African American) with a mean age of 10.92 (SD 1.16) years participated. Testing highlighted overall positive experiences with the Web-based interactive tool, especially related to storyline, sound effects, and color schemes. Specific usability issues were classified into six themes: appearance, content, special effects, storyline, terminology, and navigation. Changes to the Web-based tool after round 1 included adding a navigation guide, making clickable icons more visible, improving graphic designs, and fixing programming errors. In round 2 of testing (after modifications to the Web-based tool were incorporated), many of the usability issues that were identified in round 1 did not emerge.

CONCLUSIONS

Results of testing will inform further development and finalization of the tool, which will be tested using a two-group pilot randomized study, with the goal of reducing childhood obesity risk in minority, low-income youth.
Комбинированная терапия «метформин + глимепирид» у больных сахарным диабетом 2-го типа (молекулярные механизмы оптимизации реабилитирующего действия)
Authors: Poltorak V.V. , Krasova N.S. , Horshunskaia M.Yu.
Published: December 2017

Обзор посвящен описанию молекулярных механизмов терапевтического действия комбинации пероральных антидиабетических препаратов «метформин + глимепирид», направленного на коррекцию обоих дефектов, которые определяют развитие метаболических нарушений при сахарном диабете 2-го типа, а именно относительного дефицита инсулина и инсулинорезистентности. Сочетание метформина с глимепиридом оптимально в плане терапевтического воздействия на обе молекулы, недостаточная активность которых определяет метаболическое состояние инсулинорезистентности, соответственно аденозинмонофосфатактивируемую протеинкиназу и пролифератором пероксисом активированный рецептор γ. Кроме того, метформину присуща уникальная способность устранять феномен «гипергликемической памяти» за счет повышения экспрессии и активности сиртуина-1. С другой стороны, препарат сульфонилмочевины третьей генерации глимепирид обеспечивает «щадящую» стимуляцию β-клеток, что сохраняет физиологическое соотношение проинсулин/инсулин и замедляет развитие феномена десенситизации β-клеток к физиологическим и фармакологическим стимулам. Глимепирид сохраняет защитный феномен ишемического прекондиционирования и расширяет спектр терапевтического влияния на патофизиологические составляющие инсулинорезистентности за счет инсулинмиметического и инсулинсенситайзерного эффекта, а также потенцирует благоприятные эффекты метформина (в частности, через адипонектин). С этим связано достижение оптимизированной терапевтической эффективности фармкомбинации при снижении побочного действия (уменьшение дозы глимепирида, метформина).
Direct Discrimination without a Comparator? Moving to a Test of Unfavourable Treatment
Authors: Campbell Colin , Smith Dale
Published: January 2018

Traditionally, statutory provisions prohibiting direct discrimination have employed a test of less favourable treatment. This test is controversial since it requires the use of a comparator, which is widely regarded as giving rise to a range of serious problems. It is commonly assumed, both by academics and legislators, that reliance on a comparator, and the problems to which such reliance gives rise, can be avoided by employing a test of unfavourable treatment instead of a test of less favourable treatment. In this article, we subject this assumption to critical scrutiny. We acknowledge that, on what is probably the most common understanding of the test of unfavourable treatment, employing that test does avoid the need to rely on a comparator. However, we argue that this understanding renders the test of unfavourable treatment radically over-inclusive. We then consider alternative approaches to understanding the test of unfavourable treatment, and investigate whether these approaches avoid the need to rely on a comparator whilst also avoiding the over-inclusiveness problem. We argue that this depends, ultimately, on what the value is that underlies prohibitions on discrimination.
Protecting the Desperate: The Regulation of Payday Lending
Authors: Serpell Andrew J
Published: January 2018

Payday loans are small-amount, short-term, unsecured, high-cost credit contracts provided by non-mainstream credit providers. Payday loans are usually taken out to help the consumer pay for essential items, such as food, rent, electricity, petrol, broken-down appliances or car registration or repairs. These consumers take out payday loans because they cannot — or believe that they cannot — obtain a loan from a mainstream credit provider such as a bank. In recent years there has been a protracted debate in Australia — and in several overseas jurisdictions — about how to regulate the industry. Recent amendments to the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 (Cth) — referred to in this article as the 2013 reforms — are designed to better protect payday loan consumers. While the 2013 reforms provide substantially improved protection for payday loan consumers, further changes to the law may be warranted. This article raises several law reform issues which should be considered as part of the 2015 review into small amount credit contracts, including whether the caps on the cost of credit are set at the right level, whether the required content and presentation of the consumer warnings needs to be altered, whether more needs to be done to protect consumers who are particularly disadvantaged or vulnerable and whether a general anti-avoidance provision should be included in the credit legislation.
The Proceduralisation of Australian Corporate Law
Authors: Grantham Ross
Published: January 2018

The central hypothesis of the paper is that bit by bit and largely unnoticed Australian corporate law has undergone a profound change. Australian corporate law, and particularly the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), has moved from an essentially private law, substantive rights model, to one that seeks to regulate the company and those involved in its affairs through the prescription of processes and procedures by which corporate decisions may be made and by which the procedural correctness of those decisions is assured. The paper will also seek to demonstrate, by an analysis of the changes in the patterns of corporate case law, that this proceduralising trend has effected a fundamental change in the nature of corporate law and the role of the courts and may now claim to be a, if not, the principal characteristic of Australian corporate law. The paper concludes by highlighting some of the wider implications of this trend and the risk it poses to the intellectual heart of corporate law.

The modern registered company owes its immediate creation to the legislature. Historically, however, the nature of the corporate form and the content of what is now known in Australia as corporate law has been very much more the work of the courts. It is thus the case that the decision of the House of Lords in Salomon v A Salomon & Co Ltd is more often cited as the foundation of modern corporate law than are the Joint Stock Companies Act 1844 (UK) or the Limited Liability Act 1855 (UK). It is also the case that the building blocks of corporate law were predominantly taken from the private law. Within the open girders of the statutory framework, corporate law was built out of the concepts of contract, property, and trust. It is thus not surprising that the company was, and is still, regarded as a fundamentally private legal and economic institution.