bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ancient speciation of the papilionoid legume Luetzelburgia jacana, a newly discovered species in an inter‐Andean seasonally dry valley of Colombia
Authors: da Cruz Daiane Trabuco , Idárraga Álvaro , Banda Karina , Cogollo Álvaro , van den Berg Cássio , de Queiroz Luciano Paganucci , Pennington R. Toby , Lavin Matt , Cardoso Domingos Benício Oliveira Silva
Published: October 2018

Ecology, geography, morphology, and a combined phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence variation support the recognition of the new species Luetzelburgia jacana (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, vataireoid clade). This species is found in the inter‐Andean Rio Cauca Valley in Colombia. Phylogenetic analyses of nine plastid and nuclear DNA sequences from 44 accessions representing all known Luetzelburgia species show that L. jacana is sister to the rest of the genus and has a mean estimated stem age of ca. 4 Ma, much older than other Luetzelburgia species. Luetzelburgia jacana is distinguished by a combination of mostly 7–9‐foliolate, glabrous leaves with leaflets obtuse to shortly acute at the apex, flowers up to 9.6 mm long, and samaras bearing two small lateral wings on the seed chamber. Luetzelburgia jacana, along with two other earliest‐branching species in the genus, L. guaissara and L. trialata, are geographical outliers in the genus, with L. jacana having the northernmost distribution and L. guaissara and L. trialata having the southernmost distributions. These three earliest‐branching species are also ecological outliers within Luetzelburgia by occurring in wetter and less seasonal settings than other species. The discovery of L. jacana resolves these three earliest‐branching species in Luetzelburgia as ecologically transitional between most species of the vataireoid clade that inhabit wet forests and most species of Luetzelburgia that inhabit highly seasonal dry forests and woodlands.
Brief Dictionary of Discussion Terms on Medical Radiology, Radiation Safety and Medical Physics
Authors: Наркевич Б. , Narkevich B. , Ратнер Т. , Ratner T. , Моисеев А. , Moiseyev A.
Published: October 2018

A critical analysis of terms and concepts in medical radiology, radiation safety and medical physics in a multilingual dictionary developed within the framework of the international project EMITEL2 and included in the Encyclopedia of Medical Physics, accessible via the Internet. The same analysis was carried out for the three-language dictionary on radiology and radiation physics of the International Electrotechnical Commission, issued as GOST R IEC 60050-881-2008. Based on the results of the analysis, a short English-Russian dictionary of discussion terms on medical physics, radiation protection, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and radiation diagnostics was developed. Its main difference is the presence in it only of those terms, the literal translation of which from English into Russian either causes lexical difficulties, or is erroneous, or leads to ambiguity of termed concepts. In addition, the dictionary includes those terms, the interpretation of which is debatable for professional specialists and erroneous for non-specialist users.
Ensuring Continuity Between Preschool and Primary General Education
Authors: Тимофеева Л. , Timofeeva L.
Published: October 2018

The article substantiates scientifically the approaches to ensuring continuity between the two levels of education — pre-school and primary general, the relevant regulatory and legal framework is considered, and the specifics of the public attitude to this problem are discussed. The article describes conditions for the formation of pre-school activities in preschoolers, such as the position of the subject, the personal (motivational) component, the ability to work by instruction, as well as independently search of ways to solve practical and cognitive tasks, control over the way they perform their actions and assess them, cognitive actions.
Practical Implementation of the Competence-Based Approach in the Process of Teaching Younger Students
Authors: Кузнецова Н. , Kuznecova N. , Маслова С. , Maslova S. , Чиранова Ольга , Chiranova Olga , Кадомцева А. , Kadomceva A.
Published: October 2018

The article discusses the use of the competence-based approach in primary general education, which allows you to meet the need of younger students in socialization. The practice-oriented aspect of socialization provides different types of functional literacy: language, mathematical, informational, household. The ways of formation of these types of functional literacy through school subjects are revealed. Examples are given of creative tasks that allow developing by younger schoolchildren to have spoken communication skills, concrete practical skills of working with incomplete texts, to find solutions in quasi-lifelong learning situations that are as close as possible to those arising in life itself and meaningful for children of this age group.
NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF INSULATED FRP STRENGTHENED REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS SUBJECTED TO FIRE
Authors: El-Mahdy Osama , Hamdy Gehan , Hisham Mohamed
Published: October 2018

In recent decades, Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) have shown tremendous potential for retrofitting or repairing existing deficient or damaged concrete structural elements due to their superior properties such as high strength, corrosion resistance and ease of application. However, concern arises about the vulnerability of FRP material to combustion under fire condition, since they are usually applied to the exterior surface of structural members. Damage of the FRP strengthening layer due to high temperature is likely to decrease the load carrying capacity of the columns and threaten the safety of the structure. This paper presents numerical investigation of the behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with FRP sheets and insulated by a thermal resisting coating under service load and fire conditions. The finite element numerical modelling and nonlinear analysis are made using the nonlinear finite element analysis software ANSYS 12.1 [1]. The numerical model is verified for several FRP confined and insulated RC columns that have been experimentally tested under service load and standard fire tests in the published literature. The obtained numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones regarding the temperature distribution and axial deformation response. Consequently, the presented modelling gives an economic tool to investigate the behaviour of loaded FRP strengthened RC columns under high temperatures occurring in case of fire, if the modelling is verified against experimental works. Furthermore, the model can be used to design thermal protection layers for FRP strengthened RC columns to fulfill fire resistance requirements specified in building codes and standards.
Territorial extension and case law of the Court of Justice: Good administration and access to justice in procurement as a case study†
Authors: Sanchez-Graells Albert
Published: October 2018

This paper uses EU trade policy to explore some of the legal implications of the territorial extension or extraterritoriality of EU public procurement law. The paper’s starting position is that, with this policy and regulatory approach, the EU pursues two main goals: first, to further global standards of human rights protection and, second, to further regulatory convergence toward its own procurement standards. The paper concentrates on the pursuit of this second goal and, in particular, on the implications of such territorial extension of EU procurement law for the case law of the Court of Justice on good administration and access to justice, as recognised in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The paper concentrates on public procurement because of its relevance in free trade agreements between the EU and third countries, as well as the relevance of legislative and case law requirements concerning procurement remedies. The paper assesses both the outward and inward implications of the territorial extension for the Court of Justice’s case law. The discussion in the paper also raises general issues concerning procedural design and the consideration of foreign law by the Court of Justice in different settings.
Extraterritoriality and public procurement regulation in the context of global supply chains’ governance
Authors: Corvaglia Maria Anna , Li Kevin
Published: October 2018

With the globalisation of supply chains, the respect for human rights and labour standards in procurement practices has become a crucial priority also in the domestic regulation of public procurement. This paper focuses on two specific characteristics of the use of public procurement regulation for the enforcement of human rights and labour standards: its extraterritorial effects on companies and firms across different jurisdictions and its reliance on private certifications and labels. Both of these new aspects are evident within the new 2014 EU Procurement Directives, which includes a number of far-reaching regulatory features that facilitate the monitoring of the respect for human rights and labour standards of contractors and subcontractors across borders. However, this new dimension of public procurement has the potential to create tension within the framework of multilateral trade governance, specifically, the World Trade Organization (WTO) trade regime.
A critique of the extraterritorial obligations of the EU in relation to human rights clauses and social norms in EU free trade agreements
Authors: Gammage Clair
Published: October 2018

This article examines the nature of the EU’s obligations in relation to human rights and social norms in its free trade agreements (FTAs) with a view to problematising the extent to which such clauses are justiciable and enforceable. While human rights do not fall within the area of exclusive EU competence, it is widely accepted that the EU may be liable for contributing to human rights violations in the context of trade agreements under international law and EU law. Conversely, it will be shown that social norms, including labour standards and principles such as sustainable development and environmental protection, which are increasingly set out in the Trade and Sustainable Development (TSD) chapters of FTAs, raise more complex questions regarding the territorial reach of EU law. It is submitted that EU FTAs are constructed in such a way as to exclude rights with the effect that the extraterritorial obligations of the EU in relation to human rights clauses and social norms are unlikely to be judicially enforceable in practice. However, in spite of the territorial limitations of EU law in relation to human rights clause and social norms, recent developments in the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) suggest that the EU is nevertheless under an obligation to ensure its trade agreements with developing countries are conducted in a ‘development-friendly’ manner. To conclude, this article advances the argument that the obligation to engage in ‘development-friendly’ trade may serve to extend the territorial reach of EU further, albeit within the confines of trade and cooperation agreements.
Harnessing the Currents of Textual Fluidity: Salman Rushdie's Making of East, West"
Authors: McDonald Russell
Published: October 2018

Ever since Ayatollah Khomeini sentenced Salman Rushdie to death in 1989 for, in essence, remaking the story of the Prophet Muhammad in The Satanic Verses, Rushdie has repeatedly explored in his works how bringing newness into the world and securing the right to freedom of expression both require challenging traditional assumptions about textual purity. This theme in Rushdie testifies to the real-world implications of current efforts in textual scholarship to represent texts not as authoritative repositories of sacrosanct wisdom but as, in John Bryant’s word, “fluid” conveyors of ever-shifting intentions and meanings. This article focuses on Rushdie’s deployment of textual fluidity in his shaping of his 1994 short story collection East, West. It analyzes selected examples of his revisions by comparing the texts of the volume’s first six stories as they appear in East, West to their earlier published versions, and also by examining unpublished typescripts and proofs relating to East, West in the Salman Rushdie Papers at Emory University. By tracing the evolution of his stories through multiple versions and considering his revisions in light of his conception for East, West as a whole, we learn that Rushdie employs textual fluidity as both a multivalent literary motif and an empowering compositional strategy, often in synergistic ways that affect the work’s interpretive possibilities and yield a deeper understanding of the fluidities not only of language but also of concepts vital to identity for him and his characters, especially East, West, culture, and race.
Animal assisted interventions in social work practices
Sosyal çalışma uygulamalarında hayvan destekli müdahaleler
Authors: Yeşilkayalı Emel , Ofluoğlu Aslı
Published: October 2018

Animal-assisted intervention is an intervention method that is shaped on the basis of human-animal relationships and is defined as the use of animals to solve people's problems. The use of animal support, especially in integrated interventions, is becoming increasingly widespread throughout the world, with the effect of scientific evidence. This method can also be used as a social work intervention in disadvantaged groups such as victims of violence, children at risk, victims of trauma, prisoners, elderly people, and people with disabilities. However, there is no study on the use of this intervention in the field of social work in our country. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present a review of the use of animal-based interventions in social work practice, which has been proven in various studies to have positive effects in improving, developing and maintaining physical, psychological and social well-being. In order to reach this aim, the historical process, definition and benefits of animal-assisted therapy and animal-assisted intervention are emphasized. Later, the theoretical foundations of the animal-assisted interventions, their use in social work interventions and the role of social workers in these team work required interventions are revealed.  ÖzetHayvan destekli müdahale insan-hayvan ilişkisi temelinde şekillenen, insanların problemlerini çözme amacıyla hayvanların kullanımı olarak tanımlanan bir müdahale yöntemidir. Bilimsel kanıtların da etkisi ile özellikle bütüncül müdahalelerde hayvan desteğinden yararlanma, tüm dünyada giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu yöntem, şiddet mağdurları, risk altındaki çocuklar, travma mağdurları, mahkumlar, yaşlılar, engelliler gibi dezavantajlı gruplarda sosyal çalışma müdahalesi olarak da kullanılmaktadır.  Bununla birlikte ülkemizde sosyal çalışma alanında bu müdahale hakkında herhangi bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın amacı, fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal sağlığın iyileştirilmesi, geliştirilmesi ve korunmasında olumlu etkileri çeşitli araştırmalarla kanıtlanmış olan hayvan destekli müdahalenin sosyal çalışma uygulamalarında kullanımına ilişkin bir derleme sunmaktır. Bu amaca ulaşabilmek için, önce hayvan destekli tedavi ve hayvan destekli müdahalenin tarihsel süreci, tanımı ve yararları üzerinde durulmuştur. Daha sonra hayvan destekli müdahalelerin teorik çerçevesi, sosyal çalışma müdahalelerinde kullanımı ve ekip çalışması gerektiren bu müdahalelerde sosyal çalışmacıların rollerinin ne olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
Comparing the Effects of Listening Input and Reading Input on EFL Learners’ Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition
Authors: Chang Le , Ma Juncai
Published: October 2018

This study examined the effects of either listening or reading input on 88 first-year non-English-major Chinese university EFL students’ incidental acquisition in vocabulary form, meaning and production. The students were put into a Listening Group (n = 47) and a Reading Group (n = 41), each of which finished either two listening activities (each consisting of a dialogic text and an information transfer task) or two reading activities (each consisting of a reading text and five multiple-choice questions). The four texts all contained five low-frequency target words which a revised Vocabulary Knowledge Test had shown to be only slightly known by the participants before the activities. The results of the post-tests showed that the Reading Group had general acquisition advantage over the Listening Group in terms of all the three vocabulary aspects, and due to the fact of rich target word contexts and repeated access to the texts, the Listening Group manifested vocabulary meaning acquisition nearly equal to the Reading Group. Overall, the study shows the notably advantageous effects of reading input on incidental vocabulary acquisition, and concerning facilitating vocabulary acquisition through listening, it points out the importance of increasing opportunities for learners to process listening input with rich contextual clues through task repetition.
An ERP Study on the Processing of Chinese Applied-Object Structures
Authors: Zhou Changyin , Zhang Yuhuan
Published: October 2018

Verb-argument relation is a very important aspect of syntax-semantics interaction in sentence processing. Previous ERP (event related potentials) studies in this field concentrated on the relation between the verb and its core arguments. The present study aims to reveal the ERP pattern of Chinese applied object structures (AOSs), in which a peripheral argument is promoted to occupy the position of the patient object, as compared with the patient object structures (POSs). The ERP data were collected when participants were asked to perform acceptability judgments about Chinese phrases. The result shows that, similar to the previous studies of number-of-argument violations, Chinese AOSs show a bilaterally distributed N400 effect. But different from all the previous studies of verb-argument relations, Chinese AOSs demonstrate a sustained anterior positivity (SAP). This SAP, which is very rare in the studies related to complexity of argument structure operation, reflects the integration difficulty of the newly promoted arguments and the progressive nature of well-formedness checking in the processing of Chinese AOSs which is in accordance with the metonymic mechanism of non-patient objects in the relevant cognitive study. It shows that, in Chinese, which is a paratactic language, semantics (thematic roles) plays a more important role in the syntax-semantics interface than that in hypotactic languages.
Epidemiological study of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Lin Di , Chen Jian , Yang Yan , Cheng Jun , Sun Changgui
Published: October 2018

Background

This research is aimed to study the resistance and molecular epidemiological characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP).

Methodology

38 isolated CRKP strains were collected from clinical specimens.

Results

The resistance rates were more than 70.0%. Ampicillin had the highest rates among them (100.0%). 34 strains (89.5%) among the 38 CRKP strains carried bla
KPC-2 gene, and 3 strains (7.9%) carried bla
IMP-4 gene. 36 strains (94.7%) among the 38 CRKP strains carried bla
SHV gene, 29 strains (76.3%) carried bla
TEM gene, and 26 strains (68.4%) carried bla
CT-M gene. 7 strains (18.4%) among the 38 CRKP strains carried bla
DHA-1 gene. 15 strains (39.5%) in 38 CRKP strains lost two fenestra proteins, ompK35 and ompK36, and the rest 23 strains carried ompK36 genes. 38 CRKP strains were divided into five kinds of ST types, with ST11 type as the most (86.8%, 33/38). The rest of the ST types included 2 strains of ST23 (5.3%, 2/38), one strain of ST15, ST1373 and ST1415 (2.6%, 1/38).

Conclusions

CRKP resistance is severe, and the mechanism of drug resistance has become increasingly complex. Various ST types and resistance genes are related to CRKP. The clinical prevention and control work is imminent.
Contemplation, Imagination, and Post-Oppositional Approaches Carving the Path of Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Bhattacharya Kakali
Published: October 2018

In this article I explore how paradigmatic polyphony can be enacted in a graduate-level qualitative research class through post-oppositional and contemplative approaches. Specifically, I use the notion of nepantlera, an Anzaldúan concept for a nomadic threshold traveler across multiple worlds, to explore ways of understanding and teaching paradigmatic polyphony. These approaches are enacted in a pedagogical narrative through arts-based activities that open up expansive spaces to explore onto-epistemological possibilities, tensions, contradictions, resistances, and a sense of interrelatedness of being.
Teaching an Elusive Phenomenon
Authors: Cosgrove Preston B.
Published: October 2018

Validity constitutes a field unto itself. This is because of the difficulty, and importance, of making research credible. Addressing validity in any study requires critical thought, but the issues magnify given the paradigmatic and methodological complexity of the qualitative “Big Tent.” As a field of inquiry that is defined in many ways by its undefinable, multifaceted nature, qualitative scholars have posed local standards while disrupting foundationalist-based validity conventions. Although this diverse response restrains the positivist impulse, the challenge for faculty appears through questions when teaching validity in qualitative research: Where to start? What to recommend? How to proceed? In answer, this article offers a validation process and pedagogical exercises focused on the “cover” of the tent—the essential characteristics of qualitative inquiry. The process allows for an initial, coherent approach toward teaching validity across paradigms while complementing the local validity discourse(s) in the field.
Designing for Discomfort
Authors: Skukauskaite Audra , Noske Patricia , Gonzales Melissa
Published: October 2018

In this article we explore discomforts two doctoral students experienced in a qualitative research methods class designed to introduce the diversity of qualitative research. The discomforts, purposefully facilitated by the teacher, created opportunities for students to consider their roles as professionals and scholars. We use student class posts, reflection journals, and audio-recorded conversations from our yearlong research to focus on the discomfort of nonsingularity of qualitative research. We make visible how this discomfort became instrumental in our understanding of the polyphony of qualitative research and of our responsibilities as scholars. We argue that discomforts, when part of a class design, can open doors for deeper understandings of our learning and of qualitative research.
Captive Habits of Criminalization
Authors: Pavlich George
Published: October 2018

The 19th century proved to be an important moment for a discursive capture through which—as Foucault (1995) has famously described—diverse disciplinary powers expanded omnisciently to form modern, “carceral” societies. Included here was a regulatory focus on crime, capturing (identifying) criminals, and correcting them. The following paper examines specifically how Patrick Colquhoun approached such regulation by emphasizing “immoral habits” as a cause of crime that could be regulated, in concert, by civil society and criminal law. He called for the development of effective discipline-based policing to capture and control criminals in civil society, and to enable their subsequent arrogation by criminal law. Alongside Bentham’s panoptic surveillance, Colquhoun’s views on criminal habits called for expanding disciplined criminalization that tied social and legal governance. Two aspects of Colquhoun’s influential ideas are highlighted; namely, the social formation of immoral habits as the cause of crime, and the need for “energetic” systems of policing to embrace habits of criminalization. Together, these approaches to habit fostered massive, costly, and unequal criminal justice institutions that today form tenacious, marginalizing, and unequal relations of captivity. The scope of such enduring captivities might be curtailed by recalling their contingent emergence through historically distant trends, and by questioning their costly collective effects.
Cruel but not Unusual
Authors: Polizzi David , Arrigo Bruce
Published: October 2018

The practice of solitary confinement has been utilized by the American penitentiary system since its inception. The deleterious health and mental health consequences stemming from this type of correctional practice have led several clinical researchers and legal advocates to call for solitary confinement’s abolition based on constitutional prohibitions against cruel and unusual punishment. However, the U.S. Supreme Court has not found that the conditions of isolative confinement establish a legal threshold sufficient to legitimate such a ban. In fact, Justice A. Scalia famously argued that although it may be true that solitary confinement is cruel, it is certainly not unusual and is therefore not prohibited by the Constitution. This judicial attitude coincides with the more general proclivity of the Court, which has articulated a position against becoming overly involved in the administration of American penitentiaries. If it is true that the Constitution does not stop at the jail house door, then how do we make sense of the U.S. Supreme Court’s position on solitary confinement?

In this article, we explain how solitary confinement reflects the blurring of the legal and the political (a state of exception), and we describe how the Court’s cruel-but-not-unusual justification sustains what Agamben has called a zone of indifference. As we demonstrate, the legal arguments offered by the Court simply reflect the institutionalization of this process. This process reveals the narrative construction of captivity’s laws at the level of U.S. Supreme Court decision making. These laws endorse the ideology of rationalized retribution.
Divine Materiality
Authors: Folk Holly
Published: October 2018

This article uses archival research and personal interviews with former Peoples Temple members to explore the related ideas of incarnation and reincarnation—divine materiality—as developed and taught by Jim Jones in the late 1960s and early 1970s in Peoples Temple. Jones was combinative in his understanding of his own incarnation and belief in reincarnation. He borrowed from faith healers, incorporated ideas from both New Thought and Asian religions, and found biblical justifications for his theology. Peoples Temple members accepted a variety of theological options, in what I have termed “experiential pluralism,” to indicate the lack of a monolithic belief system. Despite this experiential pluralism, however, reincarnation theology knit Peoples Temple members together into a community.
Primera evidencia de Chlamydia psittaci en huron sable (Mustella putorios furo) en Venezuela
Authors: Rodríguez-Leo Carlos , Camacho Diana , Hernández Vianellys , Viettri Mercedes , Flores C. , Henríquez H. , González M.
Published: October 2018

Chlamydia psittaci (Cp) is an obligate intracellular bacterium, transmitted through aerosols from nasal and optic secretions, tissues, feces, and feathers. Although commonly identified in birds, genotypes have emerged that can infect new mammalian reservoirs. Therefore, of rectal swabs samples of five Mustella putorios furo individuals and a cloacal swab sample of Colinus cristatus in captivity, in Venezuela, were tested for Cp, using the nested PCR amplifying a segment of the 16S rDNA gene. The presence of Cp was found in four asymptomatic Mustela putorios furo and one symptomatic Colinus cristatus for avian chlamydiosis, indicating a new potential reservoir for Cp. The contact with excretions of infected Colinus cristatus and Psittaciformes, as well as overcrowding, inadequate ventilation, and inadequate sanitary conditions can favor Cp infection. The total number of Cp reservoirs is unknown; therefore, the noting and molecular characterization of isolates enable the understanding, distribution, and diversity of chlamydial agents in wildlife and animals in captivity.
Ainda (e sempre) Saussure: história, memória e discurso em três versões de um mesmo texto
Authors: Scherer Amanda Eloina , Costa Maria Iraci Sousa
Published: October 2018

No presente artigo, desenvolveremos uma reflexão acerca do contexto de produção de três versões do Curso de Linguística Geral (CLG), a saber, a versão publicada na Argentina e aquelas publicadas no Brasil e em Portugal. Nosso objetivo é compreender como o CLG é recebido/lido em cada momento histórico fora do contexto francês. Selecionamo-las não só pela relação singular com a língua, mas porque elas são propostas em conjunturas em que o CLG é recebido/lido de forma diferente. Além disso, nas referidas publicações, consideraremos também uma passagem que é bastante controversa, mesmo na edição francesa, aquela que trata do exemplo dado para ilustrar o princípio do arbitrário do signo. Ao comparar essa passagem nas diferentes situações, queremos entender como se inscreve o gesto de interpretação do sujeito que se responsabilizou pela versão da obra em cada um dos países em questão.
Paisajes tópicos. Del lugar común a los lugares comunes en la fotografía contemporánea (chilena)
Authors: Goffard Nathalie
Published: October 2018

Este ensayo tiene como propósito especular sobre las correspondencias semánticas entre las nociones de “lugar” y “lugar común” ocupando la fotografía de paisaje como hilo conductor. Más específicamente, se expone que los cambios de paradigmas estéticos en la fotografía contemporánea son reactivos y dialogan con los otros usos sociales de la fotografía y en este caso, el turismo. Asimismo, se plantea que dichas relaciones se han ido complejizando en un contexto de mayor mercantilización y patrimonialización del paisaje, llevando a los artistas a optar por representar lugares banales. Para ello, se alude a la idea de fotografía estereotipada de paisaje típico en analogía con la figura del lugar común, para formular la hipótesis de cómo la sobreproducción visual afecta la renovación del imaginario paisajístico. Finalmente, esta relación es problematizada en el contexto de las artes visuales chilenas para concluir que el paisaje es ante todo un artefacto cultural dinámico que varía conforme mutan las miradas.
Ulrike Schmieder, Nach der Sklaverei. Martinique und Kuba im Vergleich
Authors: Gómez Murillo Vicente
Published: October 2018

Referencias:Schmieder, Ulrike. (2017). Nach der Sklaverei. Martinique und Kuba im Vergleich. Berlín: Lit Verlag.
Bestandsprobleme mit möglicher Beteiligung von Clostridium botulinum in bayerischen Milchkuhbetrieben
Authors: Ramona Bechter Martina , Moder Siegfried , Metzner Moritz , Mansfeld Rolf , Sauter-Louis Carola , Öhm Andreas , Knubben-Schweizer Gabriela
Published: October 2018

Ziel: Erhebung der Wahrnehmung bayerischer Rinderpraktiker bezüglich „Clostridiosen“ in Milchkuhbeständen. Material und Methoden: In einer zweiteiligen telefonischen Fragebogenstudie wurde konkret nach 12 Bestandsproblemen gefragt, wobei fünf als Haupt- und sieben als Nebenkriterien zur Inklusion in den zweiten, speziellen Teil der Studie definiert wurden. Hauptsächlich ging es um Erkrankungen, die in Verdacht stehen, in Zusammenhang mit chronischen Clostri-dium-botulinum-Infektionen aufzutreten. Zur Befragung im speziellen Teil wurde pro Praxis der Betrieb mit Erfüllung der meisten Hauptkriterien ausgewählt. Ergebnisse: Im allgemeinen Teil der Befragung gaben 38 (37 %) der 104 teilnehmenden Tierärzte an, keine dem zuvor beschriebenen Krankheitsbild zuzuordnenden Problembetriebe zu betreuen. Als Problembetriebe wurden 532 (5 %) der insgesamt 10187 betreuten Betriebe eingestuft. Von den 104 Teilnehmern erklärten 53, Betriebe mit Hauptkriterien-Bestandsproblemen zu betreuen. Für die ausgewählten 53 Betriebe ergaben sich als häufigste genannte Hauptkriterien (Mehrfachnennungen möglich) vermehrt festliegende Kühe (73 %), vermehrt chronisch kranke Tiere (66 %) und hohe Abgangsraten (66 %). Unter den Nebenkriterien dominierten Lahmheiten und Ataxien (70 %), Euterprobleme (69 %) sowie Stoffwechselprobleme (68 %). Die Haltungsbedingungen der Milchkühe beurteilten die Tierärzte in 49 % der 53 Bestände als „mäßig“ und „schlecht“. Die Fütterung schätzten 91 % der Teilnehmer als „eher gut“, „gut“ und „sehr gut“ ein. Die in 11 Betrieben eingeleiteten Untersuchungen auf Clostridium spp. ergaben in sieben Betrieben positive Resultate . Schlussfolgerung: Tierärzte in Bayern sind häufig mit diversen tiergesundheitlichen Problemen in rinderhaltenden Betrieben konfrontiert. Dennoch steht selbst in Betrieben mit Symptomen des in der Literatur beschriebenen Krankheitsbildes des „chronischen Botulismus“ selten der Verdacht auf eine Beteiligung von C. botulinum im Vordergrund, sondern vielmehr Haltungsprobleme.
Ein Vergleich verschiedener Abferkelsysteme
Authors: Berensmann Isabell , Klein Sandrina , Reese Sven , Erhard Michael , Patzkéwitsch Dorian
Published: October 2018

Ziel dieser Studie war zu ermitteln, ob mit einem 3-Achsen-Beschleunigungssensorlogger (MSR® 145B V5.106, MSR Electronics GmbH, Seuzach, Schweiz) kontinuierlich die Aktivität von Sauen um den Abferkelzeitraum aufgezeichnet und dargestellt werden kann. Dabei wurden eine stehende Position als Aktivität und nichtstehende Positionen als Ruhe definiert. Material und Methoden: Der Feldversuch fand von April 2016 bis Januar 2017 (sechs Durchgänge, 39 Sauen) statt. Die Sauen wurden in alternativen Buchten mit einem zu öffnenden Stand („Petra” [P] und „Freya” [F]) bzw. im Kastenstand (K) gehalten. Die temporäre Fixation ab dem Tag der Einstallung wurde in P und F durchschnittlich 10 Tage (± 2,9) nach der Geburt beendet. Mithilfe des Loggers erfolgte eine Aufzeichnung des Verhaltens (stehen/nicht stehen). Anhand der Messdaten wurde für jede Sau über einen Zeitraum von 5 Wochen (sekündliche Messung) ein individuelles Rohdatenprofil mit über 2,5 Millionen Messwerten erstellt und dieses in fünf Phasen (drei in Fixation, Tag der Standöffnung und eine Phase nach der Öffnung) unterteilt. Ergebnisse: Die Sauen in F zeigten in jeder Phase (außer Tag 0) die höchste durchschnittliche Aktivität. In Phase 2 (Abferkelung) wiesen alle Sauen, unabhängig vom System, eine erhöhte Aktivität auf (P: 9,5 %, F: 8,1 %, K: 8,8 %). Diese fiel nach der Geburt (Phase 3) stark ab, nahm im Verlauf dieser Phase jedoch wieder zu. Am Tag der Standöffnung (Phase 4) stieg die Aktivität der Sauen in P und F sprunghaft an (P: 7,9 %, F: 8,0 %). Nach der Standöffnung (Phase 5) war bei den Sauen in F die höchste Aktivität zu verzeichnen (8,3 %). Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die Studie zeigte, dass eine Datensammlung mittels Beschleunigungssensorlogger möglich war. In den alternativen Abferkelbuchten hatten die Sauen in allen definierten Phasen im Vergleich zu K ein höheres Maß an Aktivität. Das nach Beendigung der Fixation größere Platzangebot, das auch ein Drehen der Sau ermöglichte, kann als Fortschritt für eine verhaltensgerechtere Unterbringung betrachtet werden.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ПЕРЕДУМОВ ЕКСПОРТНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ АГРОПРОДОВОЛЬЧОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Ощепков О. П. , Магденко О. С.
Published: October 2018

В статті розглядаються питання розвитку підприємств агропродовольчого комплексу, та ви-значення передумов розробки експортної стратегії подальшого їх розвитку. На підставі дослідженнярізних понять і підходів до формування стратегій розвитку, авторами надано власна трактовка до пе-редумов формування експортної стратегії. Це виділення ресурсної стратегії, техніко-технологічної тасоціально-економічної стратегій, які відображають розвиток підприємства як складної соціально-економічної системи.Стратегія – це сукупність форм, методів і способів організації довгострокових напрямів діяль-ності з реалізації мети або місії підприємства. В процесі розробки стратегії важливо враховувативплив зовнішніх і внутрішніх факторів, неврахування яких може привести до ризику втрати значнихресурсів. Тому значна увага має приділятися таким аспектам, як: хто буде реалізовувати експортнустратегію та рівень його компетенції, ступінь державної підтримки підприємств в частині отриманняінвестицій та впровадження інновацій, здатність підприємств забезпечувати конкурентні переваги зарахунок якості та безпеки експортної продукції.
АНАЛІЗ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЙ ІННОВАЦІЙ ЗА РІВНЕМ НОВИЗНИ
Authors: Коліщук О. В.
Published: October 2018

У статті розглянуті види класифікацій інновацій в залежності від рівня новизни. Проаналізованоосновні підходи класифікації інновацій вітчизняними і зарубіжними дослідниками. Зокрема, розглянутокласифікації інновацій за роллю в реалізації цілей, за значенням для реального напрямку діяльності,за інтенсивністю інноваційних змін, за рівнем об'єктивного сприйняття, за причинами виникнення, зарівнем новизни, за інноваційним потенціалом, за новизною місця впровадження та за характером досвого попередника. Визначено основні чинники, які лягли в основу згаданих класифікацій, аргументо-ваний висновок, що в основі перерахованих видів класифікацій знаходиться модель класифікації, за-пропонована німецьким вченим Г. Меншем, яка є найбільш об'єктивною і уніфікованою і дозволяє ви-користовувати її на всіх етапах життєвого циклу інновацій з метою прискорення процесу визначеннярівнів інновацій в залежності від їх новизни і можливості практичного втілення. Вперше надано єдинийпідхід поєднання більше десятка існуючих класифікацій інновацій в основі яких є підхід запропонова-ний Г. Меншем. Використання єдиного підходу щодо класифікації інновацій за рівнем новизни маєпрактичне значення з метою пришвидшення класифікації інновацій для прийняття оперативних управ-лінських рішень. В статті надано єдину класифікацію інновацій, що дає можливість класифікувати ін-новації за рівнем новизни, за видом об’єкта, за місцем в системі підприємства, за змістом діяльності,за причинами виникнення, за географічним чинником, за частотою застосування, за напрямом реалі-зації, за формою, за рівнем планування, за суб’єктом створення, за швидкістю поширення, за масові-стю використання, за результативністю, за характером задоволення потреб споживачів та за призна-ченням інновацій.
Crítica institucional desde del ‘Tercer Mundo’. Cultura: dentro y fuera del museo
Authors:   Universidad Nacional San Martín, Plante Isabel
Published: October 2018

During the sixties and seventies, a significant number of art projects pointed to cultural institutions as managers of conservative social representation. The Anglo-Saxon art history academy tends to study these art practices in terms of “institutional critique”. Coined in 1975 in relation to the New York scene, this notion seems now to be understood as a universal category. Through the analysis of Lea Lublin’s Culture: inside and outside the museum (1971) at the Fine Art Museum of Santiago, Chile, this paper proposes a situated reflection on institutional critique on the basis of this migrant artist’s work.
Get With The Guidelines®–Stroke performance indicators in patients with transient ischemic attack
Authors: Schneider Lorena Souza Viana , Ciarlariello Vinicius Boaratti , Miranda Renata Carolina Acri Nunes , Vaccari Andreia Heins , Massaud Rodrigo Meirelles , Silva Gisele Sampaio
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Get With The Guidelines®–Stroke is an in-hospital program for improving stroke care by promoting adherence to scientific guidelines. Of the patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA), 10-15% have a stroke within three months, and many patients do not receive the recommended interventions to prevent this outcome. Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the adherence to stroke quality indicators in patients with TIA. Methods: This retrospective observational study evaluated consecutive patients admitted to a primary stroke center with TIA or acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from August 2008 to December 2013. Six quality indicators applicable to both TIA and AIS were analyzed and compared between groups. Results: A total of 357 patients with TIA and 787 patients with AIS were evaluated. Antithrombotic medication use within 48 hours of admission, discharge use of anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation and counseling for smoking cessation were similar between groups. In the TIA group, discharge use of antithrombotic medication (95% versus 98%; p = 0.01), lipid-lowering treatment (57.7% versus 64.1%; p < 0.01) and stroke education (56.5% versus 74.5%; p < 0.01) were all less frequently observed compared with patients with AIS. Conclusions: The adherence to some of the Get With The Guidelines®–Stroke quality indicators was lower in patients with TIA than in patients with AIS. Measures should be undertaken to reinforce the importance of such clinical interventions in patients with TIA.
Lifeworld: socio-environmental influence on crack cocaine use by teenagers
Authors: Mota Marina Soares , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Ribeiro Juliane Portella , Oliveira Adriane Maria Netto de , Pintanel Aline Campelo , Alvarez Simone Quadros
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the influence of the lifeworld on crack cocaine use by teenagers undergoing treatment at the Psychosocial Care Center for users of alcohol and other drugs. Method: Qualitative research carried out with thirteen teenagers attended at the Psychosocial Care Center for users of alcohol and other drugs, from a municipality in the South of Brazil. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and the Comprehensive Analysis was carried out from the Phenomenology of the Social World of Alfred Schütz. Results: In the lifeworld, there is influence of the community to which the teenager belongs; of the family, by the excess of permissibility and being in an environment of drug use and violence; and the school, where it is influenced by individuals to consume them. Conclusion: Elements from the lifeworld influence the teenager for the consumption of crack cocaine, being necessary actions contextualized with their world of life.
Efeitos da sinvastatina na mucosite gastrointestinal induzida por 5-fluorouracil em ratos.
Authors: Medeiros Aldo da Cunha , Azevedo Ítalo Medeiros , Lima Marília Leite , Araújo Filho Irami , Moreira Marília Daniela
Published: October 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: examinar os efeitos da sinvastatina na mucosite gástrica e intestinal após o tratamento com 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), determinados pela expressão de citocinas e histologia em ratos. Métodos: ratos pesando 270±15g foram divididos em dois grupos. O grupo 5-FU+salina foi tratado com 5-FU (50mg/kg) mais solução salina a 0,9% por gavagem uma vez ao dia por cinco dias. O grupo 5-FU+sinvastatina foi tratado com 5-FU (50mg/kg), mais sinvastatina (10mg/kg), da mesma forma. Foi feita a eutanásia dos animais no sexto dia. O estômago e o intestino foram fotografados e removidos para exame. Dosagens séricas de TNF-a, IL-1ß, IL-6 e histopatologia (coloração HE) do estômago e intestino foram realizadas. Resultados: o peso corporal diminuiu em ratos no grupo 5-FU+salina. A sinvastatina não inibiu a perda de peso induzida pelo 5-FU. Danos significativos da mucosa no estômago e no jejuno foram observados em ratos que receberam apenas 5-FU. As dosagens séricas de citocinas foram significativamente menores no grupo 5-FU+sinvastatina do que no grupo 5-FU (p<0,05). A sinvastatina causou efeitos protetores significativos contra as lesões da mucosa gástrica e jejunal induzidas por 5-FU. Conclusão: a sinvastatina atenua a mucosite gástrica e intestinal relacionada à terapêutica com 5-FU. Nossos dados encorajam futuros estudos pré-clínicos e clínicos sobre a utilidade das estatinas na prevenção da mucosite gastrointestinal.
Coeficientes de Angströn-Prescott para Estimar a Radiação Solar no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Bexaira Kelin Pribs , Streck Nereu Augusto , Cera Jossana Ceolin , Prestes Solismar Damé
Published: October 2018

Resumo O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar os coeficientes b0 e b1 da equação de Angströn-Prescott para os locais do estado do Rio Grande do Sul que possuem dados de radiação solar medidos por piranômetros eletrônicos e dados de brilho solar medidos por heliógrafos, bem como espacializar esses coeficientes para o Estado. Foram utilizados dados de radiação solar global e dados de brilho solar nas Estações Meteorológicas Automáticas e Convencionais do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia de 13 locais do Rio Grande do Sul. Os valores dos coeficientes b0 e b1 foram determinados por meio da análise de regressão linear entre razão de radiação solar global e razão de brilho solar, na escala mensal e anual. A representação da variabilidade espacial dos coeficientes b0 e b1 no RS foi através de mapas usando o método de interpolação análise objetiva de Cressman. Os coeficientes b0 e b1 da equação de Angströn-Prescott foram atualizados para os 13 locais do Rio Grande do Sul e nos outros locais estes coeficientes podem ser estimados através dos mapas. O coeficiente b0 diminui durante o inverno e aumenta durante o verão enquanto os valores do coeficiente b1 são mais elevados para os meses de inverno e primavera.
Distribuição Espacial dos Metadados Temporais e Qualidade dos Metadados Espaciais das Estações Hidrometeorológicas do Estado de Santa Catarina para Climatologia
Authors: Vianna Luiz Fernando de Novaes , Massignan Ângelo Mendes
Published: October 2018

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição espacial dos metadados temporais (data de início e data fim) e a qualidade dos metadados espaciais (latitude, longitude e altitude) das estações hidrometeorológicas do estado de Santa Catarina, em relação às recomendações da Organização Mundial de Meteorologia - WMO para estudos climáticos. Foram avaliados os metadados das estações hidrometeorológicas, mantidas pela Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina - Epagri, até 30/06/2017. Os resultados demonstraram que o estado de Santa Catarina possui poucas estações com séries históricas superiores ao período mínimo de 30 anos, indicado pela WMO para realizar estudos climáticos. E que a distribuição espacial dessas estações não atende ao padrão de representatividade territorial estabelecido pela WMO. Apesar dos avanços no processo de gestão da rede de estações, o estado de Santa Catarina precisa se adequar a todas as recomendações da WMO para garantir a qualidade dos metadados temporais e espaciais das estações de monitoramento climático.
Utilização de Modelos de Mesoescala como Ferramenta Inicial para o Mapeamento Eólico do Estado da Paraíba
Authors: Oliveira Soetânia Santos de , Souza Enio Pereira de
Published: October 2018

Resumo A utilização de modelos numéricos para avaliação dos recursos eólicos vem crescendo cada vez mais. Diante disso, foi realizada uma avaliação do desempenho dos modelos BRAMS e WRF como ferramentas na investigação inicial de sites eólicos no estado da Paraíba. As simulações para um período de três anos sugerem que as regiões centrais do estado tendem a apresentar ventos mais intensos que as demais regiões e que a primavera é a estação que apresenta ventos de maior intensidade. Foram gerados também cenários para março e setembro, meses que estão, respectivamente, entre os de menor e maior intensidade de vento no estado. Para esses cenários o Bias variou de -0,31 a -2,24 m/s e o EQM de 0,88 a 2,40 m/s para o BRAMS. Para o WRF o Bias foi de 0,53 a 1,81 m/s e EQM de 0,79 a 1,92 m/s. Os menores Bias e EQM foram obtidos para as localidades analisadas na Borborema nos meses de março (BRAMS) e no Agreste em setembro (WRF). Estes resultados sugerem que os modelos precisam ser melhor configurados para uma maior representatividade do vento local, especialmente com relação às parametrizações da camada limite e da superfície. De modo geral, os resultados revelam a coerência dos modelos em termos de intensificação/desintensificação dos ventos de acordo com as características sazonais da área de estudo.