bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Customized logistics service and online shoppers’ satisfaction: an empirical study
Authors: Hu Mingyao , Huang Fang , Hou Hanping , Chen Yong , Bulysheva Larissa
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– Fast-growing online retail market provides convenience for customers. But it makes competition among online retailers fiercer as well. Online retailers need to improve online shoppers’ satisfaction level for the purpose of keeping their loyalty. As an important component in online retail market, logistics service affects online shoppers’ satisfaction level. By applying expectation confirmation theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore how customized logistics services (CLS) influences online shoppers’ satisfaction level and whether the relationship between them is moderated by product type.

Design/methodology/approach

– Data were collected from Tmall.com, the biggest online retail market in China. Exploratory factor analysis and two-way ANOVA were conducted to analyze the data.

Findings

– The results indicate that CLS positively impacts online shoppers’ satisfaction level. But product type does not have moderate effect on the relationship between CLS and online shoppers’ satisfaction level.

Practical implications

– Online retail market grows fast. As the number of retailers keeps increasing, competition in this market becomes fiercer. In order to attract new shoppers and increase shoppers’ loyalty, online retailers must make shopper satisfied with their purchase. CLS positively impacts online shoppers’ satisfaction level, online retailers should offer shoppers CLS.

Originality/value

– This study examines how customized logistics influences customer satisfaction, and extends literatures related to online customer satisfaction by integrating the factor CLS and opens the way for other studies related to logistics service customization. Furthermore, this study discusses how IoT will improve online retailers’ abilities in providing CLS.
Fabric Quality Issues Related to Apparel Merchandising
Authors: Das Sweta , Hunter L.
Published: March 2016

The objectives of this study are to develop an understanding of fabric quality related issues and research gaps relevant to apparel manufacturing and merchandising within the South African context. The specific focus is on fabric objective measurement (FOM), a relatively new and highly advanced technology which involves a new generation of instrumentally measured parameters that provide a more complete picture of fabric quality, tailorability and clothing performance, and which has found wide application internationally. The research involves a questionnaire survey of major clothing and retail companies in South Africa and interviews with them, with a specific focus on apparel and garment manufacturing and retailing in South Africa. The data and information so captured are graphically presented, statistically analyzed and interpreted. The main finding is that although manufacturers and retailers carry out most of the important fabric and garment testing, they lag behind the world in adopting highly advanced and integrated FOM systems, such as FAST and Kawabata, which are widely used to improve and ensure the quality of apparel fabric and garments.
Desalination of Water by using Superhydrophobic Fabric
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Zhou Hua , Niu Haitao , Huang Chen , Abbas Amir , Fang Jian , Lin Tong
Published: March 2016

In this study, superhydrophobic fabric is prepared with a wet-chemical coating technique that uses a coating solution synthesized by the co-hydrolysis and co-condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate and fluoroalkyl silane (tridecafluorooctyl triethoxysilane) under an alkaline condition. The treated fabric shows stable superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle as high as 171°, and a sliding angle as low as 2°. The coated fabric has higher repellency to saline water, and its repellency increases with increases in the salt content in the solution. The contact angle is reduced with increases in liquid temperature. When the water temperature is 90°C, the contact angle on the superhydrophobic fabric is 153°. The superhydrophobic treatment slightly reduces the air permeability, but increases the water vapor permeability of the fabric. The treatment considerably increases the liquid breakthrough pressure, but has little effect on fabric pore size and thermal conductivity. The air gap membrane distillation process is used to evaluate the desalination performance of the superhydrophobic fabric. When the feed and the condenser are kept at 90°C and 20°C, respectively, the membrane distillation (MD) system with the superhydrophobic fabric yields a permeate flux of water up to 13.8 kg m-2 hour-1, which is slightly higher than that with the use of polymer and inorganic MD membranes reported. Superhydrophobic fabrics may thus be considered as effective MD membranes for water desalination applications.
Comparative Study of Organic and Regular Cotton Knitted Fabrics
Authors: Ramasamy Karthikeyan M
Published: March 2016

Organic cotton, which is produced without any chemical fertilizers and pesticides, is playing a vital role in creating a less harmful environment. An investigation of the properties of weft knitted fabrics produced from organically made cotton vis-à-vis regular cotton knitted fabric is reported. The yarn is made with both organically produced and regular cotton, and the fabric is knitted by using single jersey machines. The fabrics are subsequently dyed by using natural dyes. The naturally dyed knitted fabrics are examined for shrinkage, bursting strength, abrasion resistance, and colour fastness properties. The result shows that the knitted fabrics produced from organically grown cotton is superior in performance in comparison with fabrics produced from regular cotton.
Apparel with Far Infrared Radiation for Decreasing an Athlete's Oxygen Consumption during Submaximal Exercise
Authors: Worobets Jay T. , Skolnik Emma R. , Stefanyshyn Darren J.
Published: March 2016

Far infrared radiation (FIR) has been shown to have physiological effects when used as a treatment modality for certain medical conditions. Athletic apparel are currently commercially available that are constructed with fabrics that purportedly emit FIR. If apparel with this technology are capable of inducing positive physiological effects, then there may be important implications when worn by an athlete during exercise. The purpose of this study is to examine whether FIR apparel has an effect on oxygen consumption during exercise at submaximal intensities. Twelve male cyclists have completed submaximal incremental cycling tests. Each subject is tested on 4 separate days, twice while wearing a full body Control garment, and twice while wearing a similar garment made out of FIR fabric. Throughout each cycling test, the volume of oxygen uptake is monitored by using a breathing mask and metabolic analysis cart. At lower cycling intensities, the subjects consume statistically significantly less oxygen when wearing the FIR apparel compared to the Control garment, despite performing the same amount of mechanical work. Additional research is required to determine the implication of this effect for a training or competing athlete; however, the results indicate that this apparel technology does elicit a physiological effect.
Simultaneous Determination of 10 Photoinitiators in Milk by Solid‐Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Liu Pengyan , Zhao Chunxia , Zhang Yajing , Chen Yanjie
Published: March 2016

Photoinitiators (PIs) are widely used in food packaging materials, can migrate easily from packaging materials to food, and cause food contamination. It is essential to establish a method of determining PIs residues in food. A new method for simultaneously determining 10 kinds of PIs in milk has been established by using solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) combined with a simple method of protein precipitation as the pretreatment approach and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as the detecting technique. The limits of detection for 10 PIs in different milks were between 0.05 and 1.4 μg/L (skimmed milk), between 0.07 and 2.2 μg/L (semi‐skimmed milk), between 0.11 and 4.4 μg/L (whole milk), respectively. The recoveries were from 71.5% to 133.5%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 15%. Twelve kinds of packed milk with different brands and fat contents were determined using this method.
Long and winding road: Aged care use before death
Authors: Joenperä Jenni , Van Der Zwan Felicity , Karmel Rose , Cooper‐Stanbury Mark
Published: March 2016

Aim

To understand how older Australians used Federal Government‐funded aged care services in the eight years before their death.

Method

The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare's Pathways in Aged Care (PIAC) database was used to examine individual patterns of aged care service use between 2002 and 2011 for the 116 481 people who died in 2010–2011 aged 65 or over.

Results

About 80% of Australians who died in 2010–2011 aged 65 or over had used aged care services in the eight years prior to their death. Most (84%) entered the system through a community‐based programme (particularly Home and Community Care (HACC) and, to a much smaller degree, community packaged aged care programmes), with only 1 in 10 people first using permanent residential aged care. The most common pattern of age care service use was HACC only. Other common patterns of care use were HACC followed by permanent residential aged care, and permanent residential care only. In all, people used aged care programmes in more than 1500 combinations.

Conclusion

The comprehensive PIAC database allows research into patterns of use of aged care services that can inform decision‐making by clients, carers, providers and funders of the services.
Novel PITX2 gene mutations in patients with Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome
Authors: Seifi Morteza , Footz Tim , Taylor Sherry A. M. , Elhady Ghada M. , Abdalla Ebtesam M. , Walter Michael A.
Published: March 2016

Purpose

Mutations in the bicoid‐like transcription factor PITX2 gene often result in Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome (ARS), an autosomal‐dominant inherited disorder. We report here the discovery and characterization of novel PITX2 deletions in a small kindred with ARS.

Methods

Two familial patients (father and son) from a consanguineous family were examined in the present study. Patient DNA samples were screened for PITX2 mutations by DNA sequencing and for copy number variation by SYBR Green quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.

Results

We report a novel deletion involving the coding region of PITX2 in both patients. The minimum size of the deletion is 1 421 914 bp that spans one upstream regulatory element (CE4), PITX2 and a minimum of 13 neighbouring genes. The maximum size of the deletion is 3 789 983 bp. The proband (son) additionally possesses a novel 2‐bp deletion in a non‐coding exon of the remaining PITX2 allele predicted to alter correct splicing.

Conclusion

Our findings implicate a novel deletion of the PITX2 gene in the pathogenesis of ARS in the affected family. This ARS family presented with an atypical and extremely severe phenotype that resulted in four miscarriages and the death at 10 months of age of a sib of the proband. As the phenotypic manifestations in the proband are more severe than that of the father, we hypothesize that the deletion of the entire PITX2 allele plus a novel 2‐bp deletion (observed in the proband) within the remaining PITX2 allele together contributed to the atypical ARS presentation in this family. This is the first study reporting on bi‐allelic changes of PITX2 potentially contributing to a more severe ARS phenotype.
Treat and Extend versus Pro Re Nata regimens of ranibizumab in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration: a comparative 12 Month study
Authors: Hatz Katja , Prünte Christian
Published: March 2016

Purpose

To compare outcomes in patients with treatment‐naïve neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) receiving ranibizumab treat and extend (TE) with those receiving ranibizumab pro re nata (PRN) in a clinical setting.

Methods

During this 12‐month retrospective, consecutive, comparative case series, patients received ranibizumab 0.5 mg according to a TE or PRN regimen. Monthly optical coherence tomography (OCT) evaluation was performed during the PRN regimen; retreatment criteria included recurrence of intra‐/subretinal fluid, or haemorrhages. During the TE regimen, initial treatment with 4‐week intervals was sequentially lengthened by 2 weeks until signs of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) activity recurred. Study end‐points included mean change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT), mean injection frequency and number of follow‐up visits attended.

Results

Baseline characteristics were similar between the TE (n = 70) and PRN (n = 70) groups. Mean change in BCVA from baseline to Month 12 was significantly greater in the TE group than the PRN group (+0.18 ± 0.17 versus +0.07 ± 0.20, p < 0.001). Mean change in CRT from baseline to Month 12 was greater in the TE group than the PRN group (−116 ± 132 versus −58 ± 157 μm, p = 0.019). The number of follow‐up visits attended was significantly higher in the PRN group than the TE group (11.9 ± 1.1 versus 8.6 ± 1.9, p < 0.001), while patients in the TE group received more injections during the study than those in the PRN group (8.6 ± 1.9 versus 6.0 ± 1.9, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Ranibizumab administered using a TE regimen in treatment‐naïve patients with nAMD provided better visual outcomes with fewer clinic visits, compared with a PRN regimen.
Bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl) Phthalate Increases Insulin Expression and Lipid Levels in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Cao Hao , Wiemerslage Lyle , Marttila Petra S. K. , Williams Michael J. , Schiöth Helgi B.
Published: March 2016

Bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most widely used plasticizers, and human beings are exposed to DEHP via polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials, medical equipment and even drinking water. While DEHP has been implicated to influence metabolism and endocrine functions, important questions remain about the molecular mechanisms of these effects. We employed the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and examined physiological, molecular and behavioural effects from DEHP‐contaminated food. We found that DEHP, at levels comparable to human exposure, made male flies more resistant to starvation and increased lipid levels, while decreasing circulating carbohydrates. Moreover, DEHP‐fed male flies had higher expression levels of an insulin‐like peptide known to regulate metabolism, as well as the insulin receptor. Our results suggest that long‐term DEHP feeding may induce diabetes‐like dysfunctions. These findings provide a molecular background of how DEHP may have detrimental effects on metabolic functions.
Role of oral pentosan polysulphate in the reduction of local side effects of BCG therapy in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: a pilot study
Authors: Yadav Suresh , Tomar Vinay , Yadav Sher Singh , Priyadarshi Shivam , Banerjee Indraneel
Published: March 2016

Objective

To assess the role of oral pentosan polysulphate (PPS) in the reduction of bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG)‐related local side effects in patients with high grade Ta/T1 non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Patients and Methods

A total of 32 symptomatic patients receiving BCG instillation were randomized into three groups: group A received placebo (vitamin B complex tablet) thrice daily; group B received PPS 100 mg thrice daily; and group C received PPS 100 mg once daily and placebo (vitamin B complex tablet) twice daily for 6 weeks. A visual analogue scale (VAS) score for bladder pain, Overactive Bladder‐Validated 8 Question Screener (OAB‐V8) scores and dysuria were evaluated in the three groups before and during each weekly visit for BCG instillation.

Results

The mean ± sd post‐treatment VAS scores were significantly lower in groups B (4.4 ± 1.2) and C (5.8 ± 0.8) than in group A (8 ± 0.4). In addition, the post‐treatment VAS score was significantly lower in group B than in group C (P<0.01). The mean post‐treatment OAB‐V8 score was significantly lower only in group B (decreased from 15.5 to 9.7). Dysuria decreased in groups B and C but persisted in group A.

Conclusion

The present study shows that oral PPS (100 mg) thrice daily is effective in relieving BCG‐related local side effects.
Change in platelet count as a prognostic indicator for response to primary tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Hamilton Zachary , Lee Hak J. , Jimenez Juan , Lane Brian R. , Wang Song , Beksac Alp T. , Gillis Kyle , Alagh Amy , Tobert Conrad , Randall James M. , Kane Christopher J. , Millard Frederick , Campbell Steven C. , Derweesh Ithaar H.
Published: March 2016

Objective

To evaluate change in platelet count as an indicator of response to primary tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Patients and Methods

We conducted a multicentre retrospective analysis of patients with mRCC undergoing primary TKI therapy from May 2005 to August 2014. Change in platelet count was defined as post‐treatment platelet count after the first cycle of treatment minus the pretreatment platelet count. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours were used to define partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD). Analysis was conducted between subgroups with stable/increased (+ΔPlt) and decreased (–ΔPlt) counts. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), determined using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Multivariable analysis was conducted for risk factors associated with PD.

Results

A total of 115 patients with mRCC were analysed, of whom 19 (16.6%) had a +ΔPlt and 96 (83%) a –ΔPlt. More patients with a +ΔPlt had a Karnofsky score <80 (42.1 vs 14.6%; P = 0.005) and >2 metastatic sites (78.9 vs 51%; P = 0.041). More patients with +ΔPlt than with –ΔPlt had PD (89.4 vs 19.1%; P < 0.001) and more of those with –ΔPlt than with +ΔPlt had SD/PR (80.9 vs 10.6%; P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that +ΔPlt (odds ratio [OR] 5.36, P < 0.001), Karnofsky score < 80 (OR 2.96, P = 0.002) and >2 metastatic sites at presentation (OR 1.87, P = 0.013) were risk factors for PD. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a lower 5‐year OS in patients with +ΔPlt than in those with –ΔPlt (23 vs 53%; P < 0.0001). +ΔPlt had a sensitivity of 48.6%, a specificity of 97.4%, a positive predictive value of 89.5% and a negative predictive value of 80.9% for PD.

Conclusions

Patients with a –ΔPlt were more likely to respond to TKI therapy and had longer OS. +ΔPlt above baseline had a high specificity for PD after primary TKI. Further investigation is required to determine the utility of ΔPlt.
Cyberbullying: What's the problem?
Authors: Deschamps Ryan , McNutt Kathleen
Published: March 2016

Cyberbullying has been a difficult problem for policy makers and observers to define. For some, cyberbullying is understood as a public health problem, while others view it largely as an education issue, and still others see it as a justice problem. In Canada, while the definition of cyberbullying continues to evolve, a nascent approach assumes that it is similar to traditional face‐to‐face bullying with computer‐mediated communication as a new element. This definition is at odds with recent research on cyberbullying, which may have significant implications for policy makers seeking to design effective interventions.
Validation of chemical compound library screening for transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ‐binding motif inhibitors using GFP‐fused transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ‐binding motif
Authors: Nagashima Shunta , Maruyama Junichi , Kawano Shodai , Iwasa Hiroaki , Nakagawa Kentaro , Ishigami‐Yuasa Mari , Kagechika Hiroyuki , Nishina Hiroshi , Hata Yutaka
Published: March 2016

Transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ) plays versatile roles in cell proliferation and differentiation. It is phosphorylated by large tumor suppressor kinases, the core kinases of the tumor‐suppressive Hippo pathway. Phosphorylation induces the cytoplasmic accumulation of TAZ and its degradation. In human cancers, the deregulation of the Hippo pathway and gene amplification enhance TAZ activity. TAZ interacts with TEA domain family members (TEAD), and upregulates genes implicated in epithelial–mesenchymal transition. It also confers stemness to cancer cells. Thus, TAZ activation provides cancer cells with malignant properties and worsens the clinical prognosis. Therefore, TAZ attracts attention as a therapeutic target in cancer therapy. We applied 18 606 small chemical compounds to human osteosarcoma U2OS cells expressing GFP‐fused TAZ (GFP‐TAZ), monitored the subcellular localization of GFP‐TAZ, and selected 33 compounds that shifted GFP‐TAZ to the cytoplasm. Unexpectedly, only a limited number of compounds suppressed TAZ‐mediated enhancement of TEAD‐responsive reporter activity. Moreover, the compounds that weakened TEAD reporter activity did not necessarily decrease the unphosphorylated TAZ. In this study, we focused on three compounds that decreased both TEAD reporter activity and unphosphorylated TAZ, and treated several human cancer cells with these compounds. One compound did not show a remarkable effect, whereas the other two compounds compromised the cell viability in certain cancer cells. In conclusion, the GFP‐TAZ‐based assay can be used as the first screening for compounds that inhibit TAZ and show anticancer properties. To develop anticancer drugs, we need additional assays to select the compounds.
The Dynamics of Infant Attention: Implications for Crossmodal Perception and Word‐Mapping Research
Authors: Gogate Lakshmi , Maganti Madhavilatha
Published: March 2016

The present review is a novel synthesis of research on infants' attention in two related domains—crossmodal perception and word mapping. The authors hypothesize that infant attention is malleable and shifts in real time. They review dynamic models of infant attention and provide empirical evidence for parallel trends in attention shifts from the two domains that support their hypothesis. When infants are exposed to competing auditory–visual stimuli in experiments, multiple factors cause attention to shift during infant–environment interactions. Additionally, attention shifts across nested timescales and individual variations in attention systematically explain development. They suggest future research to further elucidate the causal mechanisms that influence infants' attention dynamics, emphasizing the need to examine individual variations that index shifts over time.
CD21–/low B cells in human blood are memory cells
Authors: Thorarinsdottir K , Camponeschi A , Cavallini N , Grimsholm O , Jacobsson L , Gjertsson I , Mårtensson I-L
Published: March 2016

The complement receptor 2 (CR2, CD21) is part of a complex (CD21/CD19/CD81) acting as a co-receptor to the B cell receptor (BCR). Simultaneous triggering of the BCR and CD21 lowers the threshold for B cell activation. Although CD21 is important, B cells that express low amounts or lack surface CD21 (CD21–/low) are increased in conditions with chronic inflammation, e.g. autoimmune diseases. However, little is known about the CD21–/low B cell subset in peripheral blood from healthy donors. Here, we show that CD21–/low cells represent approximately 5% of B cells in peripheral blood from adults but are barely detectable in cord blood, after excluding transitional B cells. The CD21–/low subset can be divided into CD38–24+ and CD38–24low cells, where most of the CD38–24+ are CD27+immunoglobulin (Ig)M+IgD+ and the CD38–24low are switched CD27–. Expression levels of additional markers, e.g. CD95 and CD62L, are similar to those on classical memory B cells. In contrast to naive cells, the majority of CD21–/low cells lack expression of the ABCB1 transporter. Stimulation with a combination of BCR, Toll-like receptor (TLR)−7/8 and interleukin (IL)−2 induces proliferation and differentiation of the CD21–/low B cells comparable to CD21+CD27+ memory B cells. The response excluding BCR agonist is not on par with that of classical memory B cells, although clearly above that of naive B cells. This is ascribed to a weaker response by the CD38–24low subset, implying that some memory B cells require not only TLR but also BCR triggering. We conclude that the CD21–/low cells in healthy donors are memory B cells.
Application of an Analytical Solution as a Screening Tool for Sea Water Intrusion
Authors: Beebe Calvin R. , Ferguson Grant , Gleeson Tom , Morgan Leanne K. , Werner Adrian D.
Published: March 2016

Sea water intrusion into aquifers is problematic in many coastal areas. The physics and chemistry of this issue are complex, and sea water intrusion remains challenging to quantify. Simple assessment tools like analytical models offer advantages of rapid application, but their applicability to field situations is unclear. This study examines the reliability of a popular sharp‐interface analytical approach for estimating the extent of sea water in a homogeneous coastal aquifer subjected to pumping and regional flow effects and under steady‐state conditions. The analytical model is tested against observations from Canada, the United States, and Australia to assess its utility as an initial approximation of sea water extent for the purposes of rapid groundwater management decision making. The occurrence of sea water intrusion resulting in increased salinity at pumping wells was correctly predicted in approximately 60% of cases. Application of a correction to account for dispersion did not markedly improve the results. Failure of the analytical model to provide correct predictions can be attributed to mismatches between its simplifying assumptions and more complex field settings. The best results occurred where the toe of the salt water wedge is expected to be the closest to the coast under predevelopment conditions. Predictions were the poorest for aquifers where the salt water wedge was expected to extend further inland under predevelopment conditions and was therefore more dispersive prior to pumping. Sharp‐interface solutions remain useful tools to screen for the vulnerability of coastal aquifers to sea water intrusion, although the significant sources of uncertainty identified in this study require careful consideration to avoid misinterpreting sharp‐interface results.
Immunoexpression of tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1α and interleukin‐10 on odontogenic cysts and tumours
Authors: Sá M. C. , de Matos F. R. , Conceição T. S. , Leitão A. C. G. H. , Freitas R. A.
Published: March 2016

Aim

To analyse the immunoreactivity of IL‐1α, TNF‐α and IL‐10 in odontogenic cysts and tumours and to investigate possible associations with established biological behaviours of these different lesions.

Methodology

Immunohistochemical expression of anti‐IL‐1α, anti‐TNF‐α and anti‐IL‐10 antibodies was assessed on epithelium and mesenchyme of 20 radicular cysts (RCs), 20 residual cysts (RECs), 20 dentigerous cysts (DCs), 18 solid ameloblastomas (SAs), 20 keratocystic odontogenic tumours (KCOTs) and 15 dental follicles (DFs). Comparative analysis of data was performed using the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and Kruskal–Wallis's test.

Results

Significantly greater expression of IL‐1α in the epithelium was noted in RC, KCOT and SA (P = 0.01), whilst IL‐10 and TNF‐α was in the epithelium of RC, DC and KCOT (P < 0.01). In the mesenchyme, significantly greater immunopositivity was observed for IL‐1α, IL‐10 and TNF‐α in KCOT, DC and RC (P < 0.01). In epithelial and mesenchymal tissues, there were a significant number of cases of RC and DC with IL‐1α < IL‐10 ratio (P < 0.01), whilst SA and KCOT showed IL‐1α > IL‐10 (P < 0.01). There was a significantly greater percentage of DF, DC and KCOT with TNF‐α > IL10 ratio (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

These results suggest involvement of the proteins in the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts and tumours, with emphasis on the highest immunoreactivity of osteolysis stimulating factors in tumours with aggressive biological behaviour, such as SA and KCOT.
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients treated with systemic immunosuppressive agents for dermatologic conditions: a systematic review with recommendations for prophylaxis
Authors: Gonzalez Santiago Tania M. , Wetter David A. , Kalaaji Amer N. , Limper Andrew H. , Lehman Julia S.
Published: March 2016

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is an opportunistic infection associated with substantial rates of mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Prophylaxis recommendations are mostly targeted toward patients with non‐dermatologic diagnoses. This study was conducted to determine when dermatology patients treated with immunosuppressive medications should be offered P. jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis. We searched the literature from January 1, 1993, to December 31, 2013, using terms relating to P. jiroveci pneumonia and dermatologic diagnoses to analyze the clinical characteristics of previously affected patients. Guidelines for P. jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis from other medical fields were also analyzed. Of 17 dermatology patients reported to have contracted P. jiroveci pneumonia, eight (47.1%) died of the pneumonia. Risk factors included lack of prophylaxis, systemic corticosteroid therapy, lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, low serum CD4 counts, comorbid pulmonary or renal disease, malignancy, and prior organ transplantation. The present conclusions are limited by heterogeneity among the selected studies and limitations in their identification and selection. However, P. jiroveci pneumonia in dermatology patients is associated with a high mortality rate. Based on our analysis, we propose that prophylaxis be considered in dermatology patients in whom treatment with systemic corticosteroids at doses exceeding 20 mg/day or treatment with corticosteroid‐sparing immunosuppressive agents is anticipated for at least 4 weeks, and in patients with additional risk factors for P. jiroveci pneumonia.
Characterisation of whey protein isolate–gum tragacanth electrostatic interactions in aqueous solutions
Authors: Raoufi Nassim , Kadkhodaee Rassoul , Phillips Glyn O. , Fang Yapeng , Najafi Masoud Najaf
Published: March 2016

The main objectives of this study were to measure molecular parameters of gum tragacanth by GPC‐MALLS system and investigate the complexation behaviour of whey protein isolate/gum tragacanth mixed dispersions (0.5 wt% total biopolymer concentration) as a function of pH (7.00–2.00) and the biopolymer mixing ratio (r = 0.1–10) using spectrophotometric, zeta potential and precipitate yield determination methods. GPC‐MALLS revealed that gum tragacanth contains relatively heterogeneous particles with high weight‐average and number‐average (Mw = 7.74 × 105 g mol−1 and Mn = 3.87 × 105 g mol−1) molecular mass and high dispersity index (~2.04 ± 0.3). Results of complexation displayed that as the biopolymer mixing ratio increases, the net neutrality shifts to the higher pHs. The critical values associated with the complex structure formation were found at r = 2 in which the charge density of the mixture was near zero at a wide range of pH (3.0–4.0). However, the highest precipitate yield achieved in pH 3.4.
Protein profiles and total antioxidant capacity of water‐soluble and water‐insoluble fractions of white brined goat cheese at different stages of ripening
Authors: Barac Miroljub , Pesic Mirjana , Zilic Slađana , Smiljanic Milenko , Stanojevic Slađana , Vasic Milena , Despotovic Sasa , Vucic Tanja , Kostic Aleksandar
Published: March 2016

This study deals with proteolysis and total antioxidant capacity of proteins of white brined cheese prepared from overheated goat milk and ripened for fifty days. Proteolytic changes were reflected through the relatively low level of soluble nitrogen (50 days ripened cheese had 15.32 g/100 g of water‐soluble nitrogen, 8.1 g/100 g of TCA‐soluble nitrogen and 2.69 g/100 g of PTA‐SN), intensive proteolysis of αs2‐CN during initial 10 days of ripening (up to 50.70% of initial content) and its much slower degradation through further 40 days, slow but continual decrease of β‐CN content (up to 85.14% of residual content) and high level of proteolytic products tightly bounded into gel network. Total antioxidant capacity of water‐soluble and water‐insoluble fractions increased after cheese ripening. These findings could be useful for better understanding and control over the production of white brined goat cheese as highly valuable functional product.
Effect of pH and chitosan concentration on gelation of protein concentrate from giant squid mantle (Dosidicus gigas)
Authors: Tolano‐Villaverde Ivan J. , Ezquerra‐Brauer Josafat M. , Ocano‐Higuera Victor M. , Torres‐Arreola Wilfrido , Ramirez‐Wong Benjamin , Herrera‐Urbina Ronaldo , Marquez‐Rios Enrique
Published: March 2016

Jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) is characterised by its low commercial value, lean and white meat without bones or scales and high muscular yield. Therefore, it is an attractive species for the production of protein concentrates. However, the gelling ability of squid proteins is low due to the inherent characteristics of the proteins. Different hydrocolloids can be used to improve the gelling ability, where pH and concentration of the hydrocolloids are very important to stablish. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain a protein concentrate from Dosidicus gigas and evaluate the effect of pH and chitosan concentration on its gelation and conformational changes. Treatment at pH 7.0 with 2% chitosan improved the water‐holding capacity, elasticity and agglomeration according to the Z potential; it also improved the thermal stability and gelling according to the dynamic oscillatory measurements and differential scanning calorimetry. This information demonstrates that chitosan incorporation plays an important role in gel formation and improves the gelling capacity of squid proteins without affecting the brightness and whiteness, important parameters for this product.
Improvement of the quality of gluten‐free sponge cake using different levels and particle sizes of carrot pomace powder
Authors: Majzoobi Mahsa , Poor Zahra Vosooghi , Jamalian Jalal , Farahnaky Asgar
Published: March 2016

In this study, carrot pomace powder (CPP) with particle sizes of 210 μm (CPP210) and 500 μm (CPP500) was added in the gluten‐free sponge cake recipe. Flour (rice and corn flour, 1:1, w/w) was replaced with 0, 10, 20 and 30% CPP. With increasing the level and particle size of CPP, batter density, viscosity, consistency and firmness increased. The control cake had a dense, hard texture, irregular shape and low sensory scores. These properties improved with addition of CPP so that the cake density, hardness and cohesiveness reduced, while symmetry index and sensory scores increased. Varying the particle size of CPP had no considerable effects on most of the batter and cake properties, while increasing the level of CPP had great positive effects on the quality of batter and cake. Overall, addition of 30% CPP with either of the particle sizes resulted in an acceptable gluten‐free cake.
Nursing staffs’ attentiveness to older adults falling in residential care – an interview study
Authors: Clancy Anne , Mahler Marianne
Published: March 2016

Aims and objectives

The focus of this study is to explore how nursing staff experience safety promotion and fall prevention in residential care settings for older adults. The article calls for attentiveness to fall prevention within a broader lifeworld context of well‐being and health promotion.

Background

There is limited research on fall prevention and safety promotion where the lifeworld and well‐being provide a direction for care.

Design

This interview study has a hermeneutic phenomenological design.

Methods

Fourteen interviews with nursing staff were carried out. The ethics of care and vulnerability within a lifeworld approach provide the theoretical framework and guide the interpretive process.

Results

The findings can indicate that there is a generalised understanding of the needs of older persons in residential care. The focus of the staff was more on protection and prevention than safety promotion and well‐being.

Conclusion

Risk prevention is not enough. The residents need protection against falls but they also need to be protected from situations that can be detrimental to their well‐being and compromise their dignity. Acknowledging the complexities of safety promotion amongst older persons living in assisted care settings can prevent fall accidents and ensure attentiveness to a more fundamental sense of security that can promote the older person's well‐being and health.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study is relevant to clinical nursing practice as it shows that risk management in fall prevention is not enough. The findings show the need for educated nursing home staff that can incorporate contemplative and scientific knowledge into injury prevention practice.
The Singular Freedom of Academic Freedom
Authors: Haque Eve
Published: March 2016

In this paper, I want to discuss how particular conceptions of academic freedom can overshadow issues of justice for racialized members of the academy. In particular, the question I will explore is how we can begin to think of academic freedom in relation to, and not against, freedom from structural racial discrimination. I will explore this question in relation to presentations made at a conference on academic freedom, and through the examination of a few notable cases (both historical and contemporary) of academic freedom and racism in the classroom as well as in the blogosphere and social media.
The Effectiveness of Synchronous and Asynchronous Written Corrective Feedback on Grammatical Accuracy in a Computer‐Mediated Environment
Authors: SHINTANI NATSUKO , AUBREY SCOTT
Published: March 2016

This study extends research on written corrective feedback (CF) by investigating how timing of CF affects grammar acquisition. Specifically, it examined the relative effects of synchronous and asynchronous CF on the accurate use of the hypothetical conditional structure. Participants were 68 intermediate‐level students of English at a university in Japan. Learners from a synchronous CF group (SCF), an asynchronous CF group (ACF), and a comparison group completed 2 writing tasks using Google Docs. The 2 experimental groups received focused direct CF with the following differences: The SCF group received synchronous feedback on grammatical errors during writing tasks, while the ACF learners received feedback after the tasks. Participants revised their texts upon receiving the feedback. The comparison group completed the writing tasks without feedback. Accurate use of the target feature was measured by a set of 3 text reconstruction tasks conducted as pre‐, immediate post‐, and delayed posttests. The results showed that both experimental groups significantly improved from the pretest to the 2 posttests while the comparison group did not. Overall, however, effect sizes for the posttests indicated that SCF was more effective in improving learners’ accuracy with only the SCF group outperforming the comparison group on the delayed posttest.
Phytophthora infestansArgonaute 1 binds microRNAand smallRNAs from effector genes and transposable elements
Authors: Åsman Anna K. M. , Fogelqvist Johan , Vetukuri Ramesh R. , Dixelius Christina
Published: March 2016

Phytophthoraspp. encode large sets of effector proteins and distinct populations of smallRNAs (sRNAs). Recent evidence has suggested that pathogen‐derivedsRNAs can modulate the expression of plant defense genes. Here, we studied thesRNAclasses and functions associated withPhytophthora infestansArgonaute (Ago) proteins.

sRNAs were co‐immunoprecipitated with three PiAgo proteins and deep sequenced.

Twenty‐ to twenty‐two‐nucleotide (nt)sRNAs were identified as the main interaction partners of PiAgo1 and high enrichment of 24–26‐ntsRNAs was seen in the PiAgo4‐bound sample. The frequencies and sizes of transposable element (TE)‐derivedsRNAs in the different PiAgo libraries suggested diversified roles of the PiAgo proteins in the control of differentTEclasses. We further provide evidence for the involvement of PiAgo1 in theP. infestansmicroRNA(miRNA) pathway. Protein‐coding genes are probably regulated by the shared action of PiAgo1 and PiAgo5, as demonstrated by analysis of differential expression. An abundance ofsRNAs from genes encoding host cell death‐inducing Crinkler (CRN) effectors was bound to PiAgo1, implicating this protein in the regulation of the expandedCRNgene family.

The data suggest that PiAgo1 plays an essential role in gene regulation and that at least twoRNAsilencing pathways regulateTEs in the plant‐pathogenic oomyceteP. infestans.
Piscivore addition causes a trophic cascade within and across ecosystem boundaries
Authors: Rudman Seth M. , Heavyside Julian , Rennison Diana J. , Schluter Dolph
Published: March 2016

The addition of predators can play a key role in structuring ecological communities through both consumptive and non‐consumptive effects. Stocking of piscivorous fish in lakes and similar experimental introductions have provided fundamental evidence in support of trophic cascade theory. Yet, the impact of piscivore addition on cross ecosystem subsidies and meso‐predator resource use has not been well studied. Here, we use a replicated pond experiment to document the trophic impacts of a piscivore, cutthroat trout Onchorhynchus clarkii, on aquatic communities already containing a meso‐predatory fish (threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus) and neighbouring terrestrial ecosystems. We find that piscivore addition led to a trophic cascade that extended across an ecosystem boundary: trout addition increased the biomass and average size of insects emerging into the terrestrial system. Piscivores caused a diet shift in stickleback, a non‐consumptive effect that was likely mainly responsible for the increase in emerging insect biomass. We additionally show that heterogeneity in the strength of the pelagic trophic cascade was more closely correlated with the magnitude of diet shift (reflecting a non‐consumptive effect) than decreases in stickleback abundance (a consumptive effect). Taken together, our experiment demonstrates that the addition of a piscivore causes a trophic cascade that can extend beyond the aquatic system and suggests that non‐consumptive effects may more strongly influence the strength of a trophic cascade than has been previously recognized.
Phylogeny and historical biogeography of leafhopper subfamily Iassinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with a revised tribal classification based on morphological and molecular data
Authors: KRISHNANKUTTY SINDHU M. , DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H. , DAI WU , SIDDAPPAJI MADHURA H.
Published: March 2016

Phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of the leafhopper subfamily Iassinae were explored by analysing a dataset of 91 discrete morphological characters and DNA sequence data from nuclear 28S rDNA and histone H3 genes and mitochondrial 12S rDNA. Bayesian, maximum‐likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses yielded similar tree topologies that were well resolved with strong branch support except at the base of the tree, resulting in equivocal support for inclusion of Bythoniini as a tribe of Iassinae but strong support for the monophyly of Iassinae (excluding Bythoniini) and most previously recognized iassine tribes. Divergence times for recovered nodes were estimated using a Bayesian relaxed clock method with two fossil calibration points. The results suggest that the deepest divergences coincided with Gondwanan vicariant events but that more recent divergences resulted from long‐range dispersal and colonization. Biogeographical analyses suggest that the group most likely has a Neotropical origin. The following changes to the taxonomic classification are proposed: establishment of three new tribes, Batracomorphini trib.n. (based on type genus Batracomorphus Lewis), Hoplojassini trib.n. (based on type genus Hoplojassus Dietrich and including one other South American genus), Lipokrisnini trib.n. (based on type genus Lipokrisna Freytag and including two other endemic Caribbean genera); Krisnini is redefined to include only the Old World genera Krisna and Gessius; Iassini is redefined to include only the type genus and four endemic Afrotropical genera; Bascarrhinus Fowler and Platyhynna Berg, recently treated as genera incertae sedis, are placed in Hyalojassini; Thalattoscopus Kirkaldy is added to the previously monobasic tribe Trocnadini. Iassinae now includes 12 tribes, all of which appear to be monophyletic. Revised morphological diagnoses of the subfamily and each of the included tribes are provided and a key to tribes is also given.

This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:41295B68‐2DAB‐4C4F‐B260‐F7C054922173.
Privatising asylum: neoliberalisation, depoliticisation and the governance of forced migration
Authors: Darling Jonathan
Published: March 2016

This paper critically examines the political geography of asylum accommodation in the UK, arguing that in the regulation of housing and support services we witness the depoliticisation of asylum. In 2010, the UK Home Office announced that it would be passing contracts to provide accommodation and reception services for asylum seekers to a series of private providers, meaning the end of local authority control over asylum housing. This paper explores the impact of this shift and argues that the result is the production of an asylum market, in which neoliberal norms of market competition, economic efficiency and dispersed responsibility are central. In drawing on interviews with local authorities, politicians and asylum support services in four cities, the paper argues that the privatisation of accommodation has seen the emergence of new assemblages of authority, policy and governance. When combined with a market‐oriented transfer of responsibilities, depoliticisation acts to constrain the possibilities of political debate and to predetermine the contours of those policy discussions that do take place. In making this case, the paper challenges the closures of work on post‐politics, and argues for an exploration of the situated modalities of practice through which forms of depoliticisation interact with, and are constituted by, processes of neoliberalisation. In this context, the framing of asylum seekers as a ‘burden’ emerges as a discursive and symbolic achievement of the neoliberal politics of asylum accommodation. Framing asylum seekers as a burden represents both a move to position asylum as a specific and managerial issue, and at the same time reiterates an economic account of asylum as a question of resource allocation, cost and productivity.
Syngas Heating Value Effects on Performance and Emissions of a Trapped Vortex Combustor
Authors: Zbeeb Khaled
Published: March 2016

This paper presents the effects of the fuel lower heating value (LHV) of various syngas fuels on the performance and emissions of a two-after-body trapped vortex combustor (TVC). Optimizing the fuel composition will result in a higher LHV and will in turn produce a more efficient performance. On the other hand, the fuel composition has a direct effect on the emissions of the TVC. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted for various syngas fuels to determine the effects of the fuel constituents and heat of combustion on the TVC performance, and to optimize and accurately predict the performance of a syngas fuel that can meet the emissions requirements.
Synthetic microbe has fewest genes, but many mysteries
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: March 2016

One-third of 473 genes in microbe have unknown functions.
A Big Bang in spliceosome structural biology
Authors: Cate Jamie H. D.
Published: March 2016

3D snapshots reveal dynamics of the spliceosome on the mRNA splicing pathway

[Also see Research Article by

Agafonov
et al.

]