bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On a certain Slavic-Iranian lexical correspondеnce
Authors:   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, RAS, Moscow, Russia, Varbot Zhanna
Published: February 2024

The common Indo-European origin оf Slavic and Iranian languages, and their contacts over many centuries have created various genetic lexical correspondences, including parallelism in structurally similar derivatives of related verbs and relationships among I.-E. derivative variations. In the present article, we analyse the semantic and structural correspondence of Proto-Slav. *kórsta ‘skin illness, bark, outgrowth’ and Proto-Iran. *karasta ‘skin’. The latter is reconstructed as *kart-ta- < I.-E. *kr̥-t-ta ‘cut off’ from the I.-E.*(s)ker-/*(s)kerǝ-/*(s)krē- ‘to cut, cut off’ with the determinant -t- – *(s)kert-. Reflexes of this I.-E. verb are the Protoslav verbs *čersti/*čr̥tǫ ‘draw, make furrow’ and *kr̥t(a/ě/i)ti ‘break, damage’. It is possible to explain the correspondence of the Proto-Slav.*kórsta and Proto-Iran. *karasta as due to parallelism in structurally similar derivatives of related verbs or as a reflection of the I.-E. derivative with its variations: *kor(ǝ)t-tā/*kr̥-t-tо-.
Indo-Iranian gandharvá- and its (non-)Indo-European relatives: Comparative mythological notes
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow, Russia, Kulikov Leonid ,   Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Published: February 2024

This article focuses on the etymology of Indo-Iranian gandharvá- and possible related words outside Indo-Iranian languages. Even though the old comparison of Skt. gandharvá- and Gr. κένταυρος is phonologically untenable and cannot bring us to any reconstructable Proto-Indo-European form, their phonetic similarity should not be neglected or considered accidental and is furthermore corroborated by evidence from comparative mythology. It seems very likely that both words were borrowed from some Near Eastern non-Indo-European language, possibly Kassite or a related language, being perhaps eventually traceable to a Proto-West-Caucasian etymon.
Ossetian etymologies
Authors:   South Ossetian State University named after A. A. Tibilov Center for Scythian-Alanian Studies VSC, RAS, Tskhinvali, Republic of South Ossetia, Dzitstsoity Yuriy
Published: February 2024

This brief note presents the etymologies of several Ossetian words that were not included in V. I. Abaev’s dictionary, as well as those that did not receive a satisfactory etymology.
Orthography development for previously unwritten languages: The case of Kildin Saami
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics, RAS, Moscow, Russia, Agranat Tatiana ,   Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2024

The article discusses principles for designing alphabets and spelling rules for non-written languages, taking into account their sociolinguistic status. The negative experience of spelling rules developed for the Kildin Saami language is analyzed.
Spatial orientation in Upper Kuskokwim: The traditional system and its contact-based reinterpretation
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics, RAS, Kibrik Andrej ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University “Preservation of the World Cultural and Historical Heritage”
Published: February 2024

Upper Kuskokwim (Athabaskan, Alaska) uses a developed system of spatial orientation. That system is based on topological axes “upstream vs. downstream” and “uphill vs. downhill” that can be used at a global scale, in application to major elements of the territory: the Kuskokwim river and the Alaska range. After bilingualism and bicultaralism spread among the Upper Kuskokwim people, particular persons came to understand spatial orientation in a somewhat modified way. We can observe that, as a result of language contact, semantics changes and specific reinterpretations emerge in particular idiolects.
Proper names and the problem of language identity among ethnic minorities
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics, RAS, Moscow, Russia, Mikhailova Tatyana
Published: February 2024

The article examines changes in proper names, including phonetic accommodation, caused by long-term language contact and adaptation to a target-language. The primary source material for this study is the developing list of personal names preferred in Gaul during the Late Roman Period. The article also investigates typological parallels with socio-linguistic developments in Ireland beginning with the 14th c. C.E. Although in Ireland ethnic and linguistic identity was not equivalent to national identity, language use did play an important role in marking the latter. In cases of unbalanced bilingualism, the choice of proper name could be the only marker of a person’s national self-identification.
“The Lion and the Fox”: A folk tale in Yazghulami
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics, RAS, Moscow, Russia, Dodykhudoeva Leyli , Aliev Abdulqadir ,   Independent scholar
Published: February 2024

The article presents the text of “The Lion and the Fox”, a fairy tale in verse written in Yazghulami by Azalsho Khabirov and published in the Yazghulami alphabet created by Joy Edelman in 2019. Alongside the new edition of this fairy tale, the article also includes translations into Russian and into English, as well as interlinear glossing.
Interpreting the ethnocultural history of the Western Pamir peoples: Traditional headwear
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics, RAS, Moscow, Russia, Dodykhudoeva Leyli
Published: February 2024

The article focuses on the nomenclature of traditional headwear among the peoples of the Western Pamirs. I identify the origin of the objects and terms and examine the contacts between the inhabitants of this region, their languages, and the dynamics of cultural artefacts and ideas. The vestimental vocabulary analysed here is taken from materials published in several contemporary Pamir languages (primarily Shughnani and Wakhi) and the Tajik language, my own field data, scholarly descriptions of the area, and photographs of its material culture.
On the prehistory of Iranian sibilants (based on putative Iranian loanwords in Armenian and Tocharian)
Authors:   Institut für Iranistik FU Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland, Buyaner David
Published: February 2024

The present article offers a critical analysis of Reiner Lipp’s hypothesis, according to which the Proto-Iranian stage of the development of IndoEuropean palatals *k̂, *ĝ and *ĝh, represented as the sibilants s and z in Common Iranian and as ϑ and d in Old Persian, should be reconstructed as affricates *͜ts and *͜dz respectively. Since the only positive evidence for this theory is provided by the putative earliest borrowings from Iranian into Armenian (arcatʿ ‘silver’) and Tocharian B (tsain ‘arrow’ and tsaiññe ‘ornament’), an objective analysis of these loanwords is needed for an adequate valuation of the hypothesis of Proto-Iranian primary affricates.
The effect of the static magnetic field on some of the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements
Authors:   Department of Pedo Ortho Prevention, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq, Alkhayat Zainab I. , Al Qassar Sarmad S. Salih ,   Department of Pedo Ortho Prevention, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq, Qasim Ammar Abdulghani ,   Department of Basic Science, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Published: February 2024

Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of storing two distinct types of glass ionomer cement (GIC) in a static magnetic field (SMF) on their mechanical characteristics, namely compressive strength, microhardness and degree of conversion. Methods. In the current investigation, 10 samples of each GIC type were utilized for each test. The entire tube of the resin modified type was preserved in a (SMF) for a duration of 48 hours, whereas just the powder of the conventional type was retained in SMF for the same time period. The SMF was calibrated to a value of 225 Gauss. Special identical molds were prepared for each test. All the tests were performed after 24 incubation period at 37 degrees in deionized water. The final data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank test (p ≤0.05). Results. The compressive strength of the conventional type and resin modified type that used in this study were significantly increased after exposed to the SMF from 195.33 (29.6) to 209.286 (11.78) 317.29 (55.4) to 523.38 (13.07) MPa respectively. The degree of conversion was also improved significantly after exposed to SMF, as the conventional type increased from 37.03 to 45.00, while the resin modified type from 42.2 to 59.3, the conventional type improved significantly for microhardness test but the resin modified type improved non-significantly. Conclusion. Storing the GIC in a 225 gauss SMF enhances the mechanical characteristics and the degree of conversion of resin modified and conventional GIC.
Case series: Clinico-pathological studies of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs)
Authors:   Department of Digestive Health and Diseases, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Ramasamy Akilandeswari Alagan , Jasmine J Janifer ,   Department of Research, General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: February 2024

Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors (GI-NET) are one of the rarest cancers that occur with an annual global incidence of 2.5-5/100000 patients. Gastrointestinal NeT is the second cancer that affects any individuals, after cancer of the colorectal region. Early identification and early intervention will prevent the mortality of individuals dying due to gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. The main element of prevention is early identification; hence clinicians can identify the rarest cases and can receive enlighten insights to reduce the mortality due to the rarest diseases.
Splenic mesothelial cyst: a case report
Authors:   Department of General Surgery, “Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu” Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, Kesici Ugur , Ayvazoglu Mustafa ,   Department of General Surgery, “Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu” Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, Celik Yigitcan ,   Department of General Surgery, “Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu” Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, Yalcin Orhan ,   Department of General Surgery, “Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu” Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: February 2024

Splenic cyst was first described by Andral in 1929. Splenic cysts are divided into 2 groups as parasitic and non-parasitic. Splenic mesothelial cyst (SMC) is a rare form of splenic cysts, and its incidence is not known exactly. It is frequently observed in children and young adults. In this case report, a 21-year-old male patient who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy with a diagnosis of symptomatic splenic cyst is discussed. Total splenectomy was decided because of the splenic cyst localization in the splenic hilus. Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed to the patient. SMC is a rare primary splenic cyst and is usually asymptomatic. It is often detected incidentally by imaging modalities. Symptomatic cysts with a size of more than 5 cm should be treated. Spleen sparing techniques are accepted as the current treatment option. In this case report, a young adult patient who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy for symptomatic SMC is discussed in the light of the literature.
Early Detection of Windows Cryptographic Ransomware Based on Pre-Attack API Calls Features and Machine Learning
Authors: Wira Zanoramy A. Zakaria  , Nur Mohammad Kamil Mohammad Alta  , Mohd Faizal Abdollah  , Othman Abdollah  , S.M. Warusia Mohamed S.M.M Yassin
Published: February 2024

Ransomware attacks are currently one of cybersecurity's greatest and most alluring threats. Antivirus software is frequently ineffective against zero-day malware and ransomware attacks; consequently, significant network infections could result in substantial data loss. Such attacks are also becoming more dynamic and capable of altering their signatures, resulting in a race to the bottom regarding weaponry. Cryptographic ransomware exploits crypto-viral extortion techniques. The malware encrypts the victim's data and demands payment in exchange. The attacker would release the data decryption key after accepting payment. After data encryption, the user has two options: pay the ransom or lose the data. Cryptographic ransomware causes damage that is nearly impossible to undo. Detection at an early stage of a ransomware attack's lifecycle is vital for preventing unintended consequences for the victim. Most ransomware detection technologies concentrate on detection during encryption and post-attack stages. Due to the absence of early behaviour signs, it is challenging to detect ransomware before it begins the unwanted process of mass file encryption. This study examines the relationship between API calls pattern and their nature to determine whether it is ransomware early behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether this technique can be used to early detect the presence of ransomware activity on a Windows endpoint. 582 ransomware samples that consist of ten ransomware families and 942 benign software samples were analysed. This study proposed RENTAKA, a novel framework for the early detection of cryptographic ransomware. It makes use of characteristics acquired from ransomware behaviour and machine learning. This study presented an algorithm to generate a ransomware pre-encryption dataset. This study, which includes six machine-learning models, gives satisfactory results in detecting cryptographic ransomware. The features used in this research were among the 232 features identified in Windows API calls. Five standard machine learning classifiers were employed in this experiment: Naive Bayes, k-nearest neighbours (kNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest, and J48. In our tests, SVM fared the best, with an accuracy rate of 93.8% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.979, respectively. The results indicate that we can distinguish ransomware from benign applications with low false-positive and false-negative rates.
Impact on Long Duration of Overvoltage Due to Back-Feed Restoration of Distribution Network
Authors: Saodah Omar  , Ahmad Asri Abd Samat  , Nur Hamizah Zaini  , Samihah Abdullah  , Kamarulazhar Daud  , Aripriharta
Published: February 2024

In power system, power outages can be critical; if the environment and public safety within risk situation. Therefore, restoration power is needed to respond on system distribution to reduce the power restoration time and making the system reliable and efficient. Backfeeding using a nearby feeder in a power system is proposed in this research. When a power outage occurred, the faulted area is isolated from the system and searching available nearby feeders that can restore the outage area without any violation. However, analysing the effects of using a nearby feeder for back feeding is needed to avoid voltage violations. This paper analyses the voltage during the healthy and faulted condition, the impact of using a nearby feeder for backfeeding for a full load, half load and during no-load conditions are examine and also determine the maximum increment limitation of a load during back-feed if a qualified feeder is selected. Newton Raphson method is applied to calculate the power flow in the system and observe the stability of backfeed configuration. The results show the highest voltage supply occur during no load followed by half load and lastly during full load. The maximum voltage increment of load on backfeed is determined to be 0.95pu as an ideal voltage value.
Effect of Coated Tungsten Disulfide (WS2) on Tapered Optical Fibre for Urea Detection
Authors: Norhafizah Burham  , Nurnadia Bachok  , Norazida Ali  , Ahmad Razi Othman  , Norhana Arsad  , Aziati Husna Awang  , Naimah Mat Isa  , Zhibin Li
Published: February 2024

It is crucial to detect urea in clinical samples because urea levels in biological fluids are clinically linked to a number of disorders, including dehydration, heart failure, and renal dysfunction. Here, a tungsten disulfide (WS2)-coated tapered optical fibre sensor with increased sensitivity is suggested and demonstrated. The findings have shown that the sensing sensitivity is greatly improved with WS2 coating on the tapered optical fibre. This improvement is made possible by the unique optoelectronic capabilities of the WS2 layer and the tapered diameter size. The coating of the 20 µm tapered diameter with 20 µL WS2 results in the maximum sensitivity (up to 0.069 dBm/(mg/dL)) in the experiment. This result demonstrates a sensitivity improvement of 60% compared to the scenario in which a WS2 coating was not present. Analysis and discussions are conducted on the sensing performance improvements brought about by the tapered diameter size and the WS2 coating. In addition, the WS2 tapered optical fibre sensor possesses a linear correlation coefficient of 99.8 % in a concentration range of 10–50 mg/dL.
Exploring the Role of Wi-Fi Direct's Service Discovery Protocol in Forming Wireless Collaboration Networks: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lee Thian Seng  , Paul Gardner-Stephen  , Nazlena Mohamad Ali  , Riza Sulaiman
Published: February 2024

The increasing ubiquity of mobile devices and the Internet has become a hallmark of modern society, yet challenges persist in ensuring reliable communication networks during unforeseen disruptions, such as pandemics, war, or natural disasters. Despite the advancement of Wi-Fi technology, the development of a comprehensive model for temporary communication networks based on Wi-Fi interfaces during these disruptions remains inconclusive. The temporary and infrastructure-less wireless network created by mobile devices is referred to as a Wireless Collaboration Network (WCN). To assess the extent to which wireless protocols have been leveraged in forming Wireless WCN, a scoping review was conducted. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature, specifically focusing on the Service Discovery (SD) protocol of Wi-Fi Direct within the Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) domain. Our investigation delved into solutions developed by researchers in this domain and the various metrics employed to evaluate the performance of these solutions. The scoping review protocol encompassed nine distinct steps, ranging from formulating research questions to synthesizing results. The review process involved examining three major databases: IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and Scopus, with the assistance of Mendeley for data organization and filtering. In total, our search identified 186 records across these databases. After rigorous screening, which included removing duplicates, irrelevant articles, and inaccessible content, we selected 35 articles for comprehensive review. These reviewed articles were then summarized and presented in a table, offering valuable insights into article titles, objectives, measurement parameters, techniques employed, and the noteworthy contributions of each work. The table serves as an invaluable resource for researchers in the field, facilitating a deeper understanding of the research landscape and enabling easier access to the collective knowledge within this domain.
Dinamika Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Membentuk Akhlak Mulia pada Anak Usia Dini di Taman Kanak-Kanak
Authors: Seprya Roby , Hariati Haryuni
Published: February 2024

Tanda utama keberhasilan pendidikan seseorang adalah akhlak mulianya. Namun jika kita melihat dunia nyata, kita akan menemukan bahwa generasi muda saat ini banyak menciptakan kesenjangan akibat buruknya moral dan etika, sehingga melemahkan adat dan perilaku positif yang sudah ada. Selain dimaknai sebagai transformasi ilmu pengetahuan, pendidikan agama Islam juga dapat dimaknai sebagai upaya memajukan pengembangan kualitas spiritual, moral, dan jasmani seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika pendidikan agama islam dalam membentuk akhlak mulia pada anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan meliputi penelitian kepustakaan, dengan memakai pendekatan pengumpulan data untuk mencari informasi dari dokumen, seperti artikel, manuskrip tertulis, jpg, gambar, dan dokumen elektronik yang membantu dalam proses penulisan. Penulis menemukan berbagai indikator yang harus dibahas secara sistematis sehingga dapat memberikan informasi yang jelas tentang bagaimana pendidikan agama Islam dapat membentuk akhlak mulia anak usia dini, diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut : pertama, Memahami tujuan pendidikan agama Islam dengan baik. kedua, menggunakan teknoogi agar pendidikan agama Islam lebih kontektual dan menyenangkan bagi anak usia dini. Ketiga, memastikan tidak hanya berkutat pada kognitih, namun juga psikomotorik dan afektif anak usia dini.
A STUDY ON THE USE OF BANKS FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Padvilikytė Aistė , Garškaitė-Milvydienė Kristina
Published: February 2024

The article analysis financial technologies and their relevance and usefulness in the existing financial market. The work presents and analyzes the services (models) provided by financial technologies, they can be divided into payments, asset management, crowdfunding, lending, and the capital and insurance market. The main and most popular services provided by banks, which are related to financial technologies, are presented. A SWOT analysis of financial technologies is also presented, which shows the advantages and disadvantages of FinTech. The services provided by financial technologies are very diverse, they are provided by both ordinary companies and banks. This article focuses on financial technology that is provided by banks – internet usage: internet banking, number of ATMs, credit transfers in a state, percentage of population in a state, which shows how many people have a debit or credit card and whether those residents have received or made a digital transfer. In the third part, using multi-criteria evaluation methods: CRITIC and EDAS and performing cluster analysis, European Unions are compared and ranked.
Cluster Formation in a Filamentary Cloud: The Case of the Stellar Cluster NGC 2316
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Verma Aayushi , Mallick Kshitiz , Dewangan Lokesh K. , Kaur Harmeen , Yadav Ram Kesh , Panwar Neelam , Ojha Devendra K. , Chand Tarak , Agarwal Mamta
Published: February 2024

We present a multiwavelength analysis of the star cluster NGC 2316 and its surroundings. We estimated the physical parameters of the NGC 2316 cluster, including its shape (elongated), size (R
cluster = 0.4 pc), distance (1.3 ± 0.3 kpc), and minimum reddening (A

V
= 1.55 mag). We discovered two massive stars (B2.0V-B1.5V, age ∼12 Myr) embedded (A

V
= 4 mag) within this cluster. The cluster region still forms young stars even though the most massive star was born ∼12 Myr ago. We also found evidence of positive feedback from these massive stars. We identified a cold gas/dust lane extending westward from the cluster. The western end of the dust lane seems to favor low-mass star formation, whereas the cluster end favors bit massive star formation, which seems to have started earlier than the western end. We found an elongated molecular cloud in this region, characterized by numerous filamentary structures. The morphology of the filaments, along with position–velocity maps, velocity dispersion maps, channel maps, etc., indicate a coalescence of filaments and a potential longitudinal flow of matter toward the cluster through the western end of the gas/dust lane. This entire region seems to be a Hub-filamentary system (HFS), in which the NGC 2316 cluster is probably the hub and the dark lane is the main filamentary structure. Being the gravity well of this HFS, star formation started first in the NGC 2316 region and went on to the other filamentary nodes.
The effect of L-Arginine from Giant Snake Head fish (Channa micropeltes) on neuroinflammation and neuron damage in traumatic brain injury in rats
Authors: Nugroho Andy , Tamtomo Didik G. , Indarto Dono , Cilmiaty Risya , Soetrisno
Published: February 2024

Backgrounds: Traumatic brain injury has high mortality and morbidity. The involvement of neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal damage in traumatic brain injury is the basis for the development of renewable neuroprotective agents, one of which is the amino acid L-Arginine. The amino acid L-Arginine which can be found in Giant Snake Head fish (Channa micropeltes) is thought to inhibit anti-inflammatory effects through the Arg-1 signaling pathway.

Aims: To prove and analyze the effect of giving L-Arginine Giant Snake Head fish on neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in a rat model of traumatic brain injury.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) study used a posttest-only control group design. Thirty-five male rats (Rattus norvegicus) with the Wistar strain were randomly divided into five treatment groups, namely the normal control group (N), negative control (KN), and 3 treatment groups (A-C). The KN and A-C groups were modeled after traumatic brain injury and given L-Arginine at a dose of 0.5; 1.5; and 3 g/kgBW/day for 7 days specifically A-C. Brain tissue samples were used for the examination of TLR4, TNF-α, GSDMD, Caspase-3, and histopathological features. All data were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis test, except for GSDMD expression with a significance <0.05.

Results: The mean TLR4 expression in A (15.7 ± 5.35), B (12.9 ± 5.67), and C (11.4 ± 6.27) were lower and significant compared to KN, but higher and significant compared to N. The same pattern appears in the decrease in TNF-α expression, Caspase-3 expression, and histopathology of brain tissue damage. The mean relative expression of GSDMD to N in A (1.3 ± 0.53), B (1.2 ± 0.52), and C (1.2 ± 0.60) was higher than in KN, but not significant. Relative expression of GSDMD to Beta Actin, A and B have the same higher expression than C, KN, and N.

Conclusion: Expression of TLR-4, TNF-α, Caspase-3 and histopathology of brain tissue damage in traumatic brain injury model rats given Giant Snake Head fish L-Arginine were lower than without L-Arginine. Meanwhile, the expression of GSDMD in traumatic brain injury model rats when given Giant Snake Head fish L-Arginine was slightly higher than without L-Arginine.
Three new species and two newly recorded species of Tachininae from Tibet, China (Arthropoda, Insecta, Diptera, Tachinidae)
Authors: Dong Ruiqing , Li Junjian , Yang Hui , Zhang Chuntian
Published: February 2024

During our studying of the fauna of Tibet, China, many specimens of the subfamily Tachininae (Diptera, Tachinidae) were collected and examined. Three species are described here as new to science, Leskia latisurstylasp. nov., Trichoformosomyia cuonaensissp. nov., and Tachina jilongensissp. nov., and two species, Nemoraea javana (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1894) and N. echinata Mesnil, 1953, are newly recorded from Tibet. In addition to their descriptions, illustrations, and diagnoses, three identification keys are provided. The specimens in this study are kept in the Insect Collection of Shenyang Normal University, China (SYNU).
The ants of the genus Rhopalothrix Mayr, 1870 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in Colombia
Authors: Guerrero Roberto J. , Grajales-Andica Andrés F. , Fernández Fernando , Tocora María C. , Fiorentino Gianpiero , García Delly R.
Published: February 2024

The ants of the genus Rhopalothrix are diverse in the Neotropical region, with 14 of the 16 described species. Based on museum material and recent fieldwork, Rhopalothrix ants in Colombia were reviewed. Morphological analysis of the workers allowed delimitation of six species, including two new species, Rhopalothrix mandibularis Guerrero & Grajales, sp. nov. and Rhopalothrix mariaemirae Tocora, Fiorentino & Fernández, sp. nov. A new combination Rhopalothrix amaticomb. nov. is proposed for Eurhopalothrix amati. A worker-based taxonomic key, high-definition images of the workers, and a distribution map of all Rhopalothrix species present in Colombia are provided.
Do We Really Need More Medical Schools or Doctors in Korea?
Authors: Mun Seog-Kyun
Published: February 2024

Recently, several social issues have raised public concerns about a deficiency of doctors. The government says it will solve the problem by increasing the number of doctors, saying essential medical service is collapsing. However, the medical community argues that there is a fundamental problem with Korea’s health care delivery system. The government needs to take advice from the medical community to make policies in the right direction. And the press should no longer provide the public with misinformation that doctors and the public are opposed to. In this article, I would like to mention problems among current medical services and suggest healthcare policies for them.
Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Yu Shi Nae
Published: February 2024

Early diagnosis and early treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are essential for clinical and public health benefits. Diagnostic algorithms for early diagnosis are being emphasized, and rapid tests at the point of care have been expanded to improve voluntary testing rates. Despite advances in laboratory diagnostic tests, early HIV infection can still be missed due to window periods, and it is crucial to recognize the limitations of testing methods and the potential for false negative and false positive results.
Trends of Endoscopic Palliation for Advanced Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstruction
Authors: Lee Tae Hoon
Published: February 2024

Malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHO), an aggressive type of perihilar biliary obstruction caused by cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, or other metastatic malignancies, has a poor prognosis. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for biliary malignancies. However, most patients with MHO cannot undergo surgery upon presentation because of their advanced inoperable state or poor performance resulting from old age or comorbid diseases. Therefore, palliative biliary drainage is required to improve symptomatic jaundice and quality of life. Preoperative biliary drainage is controversial in resectable cases of MHO. Preoperative biliary drainage should be considered according to specific selection criteria. Palliative drainage is currently the mainstay of symptomatic treatment. Compared with percutaneous access, primary endoscopic palliation using plastic or metal stents has recently shown higher technical feasibility and clinical success without increasing the frequency of adverse events, even in high-degree MHO. However, the use of stents still has numerous limitations, including challenges in determining the optimal type of stent, number of stents, deployment method, and additional local therapies. Therefore, this report presents the current optimal endoscopic drainage status for MHO based on recent guidelines and published literature.
Partner Caregiver Resilience: A Scoping Review
Authors: Burton Shandra D. , Ailey Sarah H. , Paun Olimpia
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

Caring for older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) is a significant challenge for partner caregivers (i.e., committed, married, or cohabiting individuals). Understanding partner caregivers' needs is crucial to promote their well-being during the disease trajectory. The concept of resilience may help explain how ADRD partner caregivers manage in the face of significant challenges. The purpose of the current scoping review was to synthesize the qualitative evidence of the level of resilience among partner caregivers of persons with ADRD.

Method:

A scoping review was conducted, which resulted in 19 research studies meeting inclusion criteria.

Results:

Findings were grouped by significant aspects of resilience as reflected in the studies reviewed, including risk and protective factors, partner caregivers' characteristics, and challenges and facilitators of resilience. Knowledge, skills, and access to social, psychological, and emotional support are needed to foster partner caregiver resilience.

Conclusion:

Further resilience research is necessary to inform development of public policies, programs, and interventions tailored to the unique needs of ADRD partner caregivers. [
Research in Gerontological Nursing, 17
(2), 99–108.]
Canónigos regulares y redes parroquiales en la diócesis de León (siglos XII-XIII)
Authors: Pérez Mariel
Published: February 2024

El presente trabajo se propone comprender la actividad parroquial de las canónicas regulares no catedralicias en el norte peninsular, poniendo el foco de atención en la implantación parroquial de tres canónicas agustinianas de la diócesis de León: la colegiata de San Isidoro de León, el monasterio de San Miguel de Escalada y el monasterio de Santa María de Trianos. Con este objeto, se examinan las características de las redes parroquiales de cada institución, el rol de los canónigos en la vida interna de las parroquias, la situación del clero parroquial y las relaciones establecidas con el episcopado legionense en torno a las parroquias.
Alea iacta non est. La domesticación moral del juego de azar en la Europa católica de la Edad Moderna
Authors: Sosa Mayor Igor
Published: February 2024

Durante la Edad Moderna europea diversas transformaciones desembocarán en la proliferación notable de los juegos de azar. Al mismo tiempo, la Europa católica asistirá al desarrollo de una renovada teología moral, entre cuyas preocupaciones estará también el juego. En el marco de esa evolución, los teólogos abordarán el juego cada vez más desde una perspectiva novedosa: desplazarán en parte el discurso moralizante anterior, muy imbricado con la teoría de las virtudes y los diez pecados capitales, para apoyados en el desarrollo de una teoría católica del contrato, subrayar el carácter de contrato entre los jugadores. Los debates versarán así sobre la vinculación moral de los contratos, la obligación moral de las disposiciones del derecho civil, los límites de la propiedad individual, la legitimidad moral del lucro como guía del comportamiento humano y un largo etcétera.
La primera recepción del Concilio Vaticano II en México, 1962-1968
Authors: Machuca Vega Emilio
Published: February 2024

El Concilio Vaticano II, asamblea que entre 1962 y 1965 reunió a más de dos mil obispos procedentes de distintas partes del mundo, supuso todo un proceso de reestructuraciones que transformaron la perspectiva que la Iglesia católica tenía sobre sí misma y sobre su relación con el mundo contemporáneo. El presente artículo pretende aproximarse a los efectos que el Concilio tuvo en la vida de la Iglesia mexicana durante la época de la primera recepción de las reformas conciliares (1962-1968). Se plantea que, aunque desde el inicio mismo del Concilio hubo en México manifestaciones de adhesión a sus disposiciones, no fue sino hasta 1968 cuando, debido a la confluencia de distintos sucesos, se detonó un mayor interés por renovar a la Iglesia mexicana de conformidad con el espíritu conciliar.
Objects of Stereotype: the role of material culture in the construction of the 16th century imaginary of Brazilian indigenous people
Authors: Bottesi Anna
Published: February 2024

With the opening of the Atlantic routes and the
encounter between Europeans and indigenous populations, several
sources and information started to circulate about the inhabitants of
the New World. Literary accounts, graphic representations and
ethnographic objects began to be disseminated, greatly influencing the
construction of stereotypical, generic and often ambiguous
representations. The text focuses on the Brazilian context,
considering objects – such as those made with feather and weapons –
that are still quite popular in the global imaginary. The way
Europeans perceived them, on the one hand reflected the contradictions
of theological and philosophical speculation, while on the other hand
bound them to the categories of wonder, curiosity and alterity. In
this paper, we shall analyze how collecting these objects, their
recontextualization and their comparison with literary and graphic
sources influenced the way in which the European imaginary invented
and freeze framed a composite portrait of indigenous people.
« Une ville blanche, moderne et virile ». Politiques d’exclusion des espaces publics des femmes travailleuses urbaines, Bolivie, décennies 1930-1940
Authors: Alvarez Gimenez Maria Elvira
Published: February 2024

Ce travail vise à analyser les discours des secteurs dominants et les politiques municipales qui se sont instaurés en Bolivie dans les années 1930 et 1940, et qui visaient à exclure de l’espace public les femmes travailleuses des secteurs populaires urbains avec des justifications hygiénistes. Ces discours et politiques discriminatoires à l’égard de celles-ci ont été à l’origine de leur organisation en syndicats féminins anarchistes très actifs et mobilisés dans la sphère publique pendant les décennies des années 1930 et 1940, une période d’effervescence politique durant laquelle les secteurs ouvriers sont devenus des acteurs politiques cruciaux, jusqu’à l’éclatement de la révolution de 1952. À travers ces discours et politiques municipales, les secteurs dominants remis en question après la guerre du Chaco (1932-1935), vont tenter d’endiguer l’ascension sociale des secteurs subalternes de plus en plus mobilisés dans la sphère publique, dont les femmes des classes travailleuses urbaines.
“I’ll always be a subhuman, I just lost the genetic lottery”: Subaltern Identity-building in Online Incel Discourse and Ideology
Authors: Bachaud Louis
Published: February 2024

Incels, a unique Internet community of involuntary celibate men, have increasingly come under the spotlight since the mid-2010s. These heterosexual men are united by their lack of sexual and romantic experience, and their feeling of social inadequacy and isolation. They have developed a whole subculture, with its own idiom, labels, and theories, to make sense of their shared experience. By qualitatively analyzing a corpus of online incel discourse from the past ten years, this article reveals how incel identity is constructed and maintained by producing a trope of subalternity. Incels’ individual experiences of rejection and personal feelings of subalternity are strengthened and given social and structural meaning through a common use of specific jargon and theories, as well as through appropriation of scientific research. This subaltern identity is fiercely defended and worn as a paradoxical badge of honor, while different subgroups jockey for the position of “most disadvantaged.” Ultimately, our analysis establishes links between the extreme self-deprecation found in incel communities and the violence that has come out of them.
Del mundinovi al Cinefluo: explorando la cultura visual inmersiva en España (1734-1908)
Authors: López San Segundo Carmen , Frutos Esteban Francisco Javier , Hernández Prieto Marina
Published: February 2024

El siglo XVIII conoció la emergencia de un extenso repertorio de artefactos que, adoptando formas tan diversas como las de un cajón, un carromato, una habitación o una infraestructura monumental, ofrecieron un amplio abanico de experiencias visuales, incluyendo la experiencia inmersiva en la perspectiva espacial, la tridimensionalidad o la sensación de movimiento. Acompañadas por comentarios explicativos o música, dichas máquinas ópticas recorrieron las ferias y las plazas, o se instalaron en salones y edificios, evocando paisajes, vistas de ciudades o acontecimientos de actualidad. El presente trabajo de carácter exploratorio avanza en la identificación y análisis de las evidencias documentales relacionadas con los medios visuales de carácter inmersivo localizados en España datados entre 1734 y 1908: entre la aparición del término «mundinovi» en el Diccionario Autoridades de la Real Academia Española (RAE) y el estreno del Cinefluo. El texto pone en valor una aproximación a su historia para así fortalecer el conocimiento sobre la arqueología de los medios de comunicación visual en España.
Se dire ou ne pas se dire « raizal ». Subalternités indicibles sur l’île de San Andres (Colombie)
Authors: Le Guyader Morgane
Published: February 2024

Indissociable du tournant multiculturaliste qui opère à la mutation du concept de citoyenneté en Colombie, dans les années 1990, la catégorie ethnique raizal naît pourtant d’une pluralité de facteurs. Parmi eux, cet article prêtera attention à la conflictualité revêtue par cette citoyenneté différentialiste en étudiant deux niveaux de subalternisation à l’œuvre dans l’affirmation de la « différence raizal ». D’une part, l’expérience violente de l’assimilation vécue par la communauté afro-anglo-créole des îles colombiennes de San Andres et Old Providence a produit un rapport méfiant à la nationalité colombienne renforcé au cours du xxe siècle par une dépossession socio-culturelle et territoriale, et par l’augmentation de la violence due à l’expansion du narcotrafic. D’autre part, les liens constitutifs de la communauté raizal sont hérités de la société post-émancipation consolidée à la fin du xixe siècle, caractérisée par le monopole d’une pensée égalitariste face à des hiérarchies socio-raciales subsistantes. Cet article se propose d’analyser la reproduction des rapports subalternisation dans l’apparition et l’usage de l’identité raizal ou insulaire afro-anglo-créole, à l’aune de ces conditions juxtaposées.
The British Battle for Authenticity
Authors: Kostanek Edyta , Nagaraju Roopa Aruvanahalli , Michalska Anna
Published: February 2024

The rise of GenAI in HE has brought both opportunities and challenges, including threats such as plagiarism, data fabrication, and misrepresentation of original works. This chapter scrutinises the publicly available websites of 130 universities across Great Britain and evaluates documents pertinent to 67 of them to the interplay between academic integrity and AI. The integration of GenAI into higher education has significantly impacted how British universities provide guidance and support for staff and students. In England, 59.3% of universities possess GenAI guidance and have integrated it into their academic misconduct policy. However, only 18.6% have announced a statement concerning GenAI. British universities display a more even distribution of stances towards GenAI, with most exuding a positive stance. British universities are increasingly focusing on academic integrity and implementing GenAI tools to foster AI literacy among students and faculty.
Redefining Classroom Readiness
Authors: Arantes Janine Aldous
Published: February 2024

This chapter presents a roadmap for teacher educators to equip their graduates with the ability to recognize and mitigate the limitations and risks of using ChatGPT in educational settings. With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), the incorporation of AI-powered technologies like ChatGPT has the potential to enhance student learning. However, it also raises concerns about psychosocial harm for both students and educators. By sharing the burden of responsibility and fostering a safe working environment, teacher educators can prepare future teachers to leverage ChatGPT safely, harness its benefits, and navigate the complex landscape of a phenomena introduced in this chapter as ‘technorisk' while promoting positive educational outcomes.
(A)I'm a Believer, but (A)I'm Also Responsible
Authors: Kanewischer Blake , Johnston Sonja L.
Published: February 2024

This chapter explores the impact of generative AI technologies on academic integrity in higher education, within the context of a business capstone course in a Canadian polytechnic. Using a case study and leveraging the Double Diamond framework for innovation, the chapter illustrates how generative AI tools can support known pedagogical supports for academic integrity: (1) Building relational trust between instructors and students; (2) student agency; (3) assessment mastery; and (4) choice in grading and assessment. The chapter concludes with recommendations for continuing to integrate generative AI technologies into practice.
Harnessing the Power of Generative Artificial Intelligence to Promote Academic Integrity
Authors: Koren Nadia , Anders Brent A.
Published: February 2024

This chapter explores how generative artificial intelligence, which poses a threat to academic integrity, can also be used to address some of the root causes of breaches in academic integrity. The root causes discussed are primarily derived from the largest self-reported academic integrity survey conducted across Australia's leading universities. Some of these root causes that the chapter will address include dissatisfaction with the teaching and learning environment, challenges related to English as an additional language, and the perception of easy access to cheating opportunities. By embracing generative artificial intelligence and incorporating it into the classroom, educators are afforded the opportunity to discuss its acceptable use in assessments and to bring attention to the academic integrity policies and procedures of the institution.
Optimal Information Acquisition and Sharing Decisions
Authors: Li Jizi , Wang Xiaodie , Zhang Justin Z. , Li Longyu
Published: February 2024

The acquisition and sharing of reviews have significant ramifications for the selection of crowdsourcing designs before mass production. This article studies the optimal decision of a brand enterprise regarding the acquisition/sharing of crowdsourcing design reviews in a supply chain. The authors consider an analytical model where the brand enterprise can privately acquire the manufacturer's review (MR) of crowdsourcing product designs and choose one of two information-sharing schemes—optional or mandatory sharing—to disclose MR to the key opinion leaders (KOLs), which help them to produce fans' reviews (FR). MR and FR integrate into the joint reviews (JR) that impact prospective consumers' purchase intention. The authors find that mandatory sharing significantly harms the brand enterprise's motivation to obtain MR, yet optional sharing is conducive to boosting JR on crowdsourcing designs. In addition, JR has a ceiling value, implying that excessively high FR and MR could not always enhance the effect of JR on crowdsourcing designs.
Complex regional pain syndrome as acause of acute painful limb swelling – acase report
Authors: Rajaratnam A. , Dissanayake S. H. , Karunathilake P. , Godfrey E. R. E. , Kularatne W. K. S.
Published: February 2024

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a complex condition characterised by severe pain and various sensory and motor abnormalities. This case report is of an 18-year-old woman presenting with painful upper limb swelling for a few days, with skin mottling and dysesthesia, with significant disability. With negative investigations, a diagnosis of CRPS was made. The case emphasises the importance of early recognition and appropriate management of CRPS, as delayed diagnosis leads to poor quality of life and functional impairment. Healthcare professionals should maintain a high index of suspicion for CRPS in patients with unexplained limb pain and associated sensory and motor abnormalities, ensuring a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to optimise patients' quality of life.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with splenic abscess: a case report
Authors: Dikshaladevi P. , Selvaratnam N. , Nalayini J. , Peranantharajah T.
Published: February 2024

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare disorder. Although it commonly causes recurrent bleeding manifestations and severe iron deficiency anaemia, they may be overlooked. Splenic abscess is rarely seen in clinical practice in patients with HHT. This case report describes a patient who presented with epistaxis and severe anaemic symptoms and found to have a splenic abscess with underlying HHT.