bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confronting challenges: an inductive thematic analysis of barriers and solutions to undergraduate medical research in Pakistan
Authors: Faraz Ahmed Tehniat , Ahmed Affan , Humayun Quratulain , Sohail Syed Hamza , Imtiaz Fauzia
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To qualitatively analyse the barriers in pursuing undergraduate research, and to propose solutions for the problems identified.
Method: The qualitative study was conducted from May to October 2021 after approval from the institutional ethics review board of the Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised undergraduate students of either gender at various public and private medical universities across Pakistan having some level of research experience and good communication skills. Data triangulation was employed to collect qualitative data through open-ended survey, face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions. Using the information of one method to inform the rest, linked trajectories were established that allowed validation of information at each level. Data was coded manually by two researchers independently. Data was subjected to inductive thematic analysis.
Results: Of the 33 subjects, 17(51.5%) were males, 17(51.5%) were from private medical colleges, 18(54.5%) were from Karachi, and 11(33.3%) were in the final year of medical school. Overall, 13(39.4%) students completed the open-ended survey, 6(18.2%) completed face-to-face interviews, and 14(42.4%) participated in focus group discussions. Thematic anlsysis showed that students were interested in research to improve their career prospects, but not all were passionate about it. Students were not satisfied with the quality of research being conducted Pakistan in the country. Dearth of motivated faculty, unavailability of well-maintained and digitalised data registries, ineffective research methodology teaching and lack of access to medical journals and research software were the major barriers in undergraduate research. Time constraint was a projecting problem which challenged the students. Frequent research workshops and conferences, strong networking, reorienting curriculum to provide early exposure to research and student-led initiatives were suggested to improve undergraduate research in Pakistan.
Conclusion: Students’ lack of initiative coupled with administrative and faculty-related issues pose a serious threat to the future of evidence-based medicine. Proposed solutions offer a ray of hope to the future of undergraduate research in Pakistan.
Key Words: Undergraduate medical education, Qualitative research, Focus groups, Interview, Pakistan.
Post-traumatic growth among frontline doctors fighting against COVID-19 at a tertiary care public hospital in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Das Kheenpal , Qureshi Saima , Haider Anum , Muhammad Tarique  , Bhatija Rinku Rani
Published: July 2023

Objective: To evaluate post-traumatic growth experienced by medical doctors who served coronavirus disease-2019 patients.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022, at the Civil Hospital, Karachi, and comprised medical doctors of either gender aged >22 years who directly provided care for at least one month to coronavirus disease-2019 patients. Other than demographic and professional profile of the subjects, data was collected using the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, with total score 60 indicating a positive post-traumatic growth. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: Of the 166 subjects approached, 150(90.3%) finished the study. There were 90(60%) females, 88(58.7%) were aged 25-35 years, 55(36.7%) were married, 107(71.3%) were postgraduate trainees, 79(52.7%) had 1-3 family members in the vulnerable groups, and 43(28.7%) had received any sort of psychological training. The mean post-traumatic growth score was 64.81±20.27 and 87(58%) doctors scored 60. The odds of experiencing post-traumatic growth for doctors with the number of vulnerable family members were significant (p 0.05). Doctors who had received psychological training before providing care to coronavirus disease-2019 patients showed higher odds of experiencing post-traumatic growth (p 0.05).
Conclusion: Coronavirus disease-2019 resulted in substantial positive psychological growth for frontline doctors. Psychological training showed a significant role in post-traumatic growth.
Key Words: Post-traumatic growth, Psychological COVID-19, Healthcare provider, Pakistan.
Monsoon floods: A challenge to Pakistan’s already fragile healthcare infrastructure
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Moiz , Adam Bilal Khan  , Syed Husain Farhan
Published: July 2023

Madam,
This monsoon season's floods from mid-July 2022 onwards have proven to be the most catastrophic climate disaster in Pakistan's history, flooding a third of the country, killing more than 1290 people, and forcing a staggering 634,000 people to take refuge in relief camps [1]. Furthermore, of greater concern is the implications of the floods on already fragile healthcare infrastructure in a country with a weak economy and limited fund allocation for Health Services. In this regard, the World Health Organization has reported damage to 1460 health facilities; 432 are inoperable and 1,028 were partially destroyed [1]. Considering the deficit of healthcare centres, and medical professionals and the availability of medications in low-lying, agricultural, and rural setups of the major provinces, the transmission of infectious diseases is inevitable. Subsequently, there is a significant concern surrounding the feasibility of relief camps set up, where overcrowding of displaced individuals, lack of proper sanitation and sewage systems, and inadequate hygienic food further stimulate communicable disease spread.
Notably, the stagnant water surface remaining after flood water recedes serves as an ideal reservoir for mosquito vector growth and hence transmission of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue affecting vulnerable populations, primarily the refugees in congested camps lacking basic sanitation and insecticidal net beds to sleep under. Moreover, overcrowding and destruction of sewage systems causing water contamination could lead to the oral-faecal transfer of gastrointestinal pathogens, causative agents of diarrheal diseases [2]. Cholera is the most prevalent infectious disease outcome of the floods as evidenced by reports of 115 922 cases of acute diarrhoea in KPK in the aftermath of the summer 2010 floods [2]. In addition, one of the major concerns identified among the displaced population is the alarming number of pregnant women in dire need of proper medical and residential facilities to facilitate their infants. In this context, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), released a startling estimate of 650,000 pregnant women affected by floods of which over 73,000 are expected to deliver within a month [3]. UNFPA has set a precedent by providing 8,311 dignity kits, 7,411 newborn baby kits, and 6,412 clean delivery kits. However, this would not be enough considering the magnitude of mass displacement [3].
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A scoping review of the literature of research ethics committees and ethics review framework in Pakistan: what we know and what we still need to learn
Authors: Farah Asif  , Sultan Faisal , Masood Iqra , Baig Shahtaj , Ekmecki Perihan Elif , Vaswani Vina , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Crawley Francis
Published: July 2023

Objective: To map literature on research ethics committees, institutional review boards and ethics review framework in Pakistan to identify key insights during public health emergencies and normal times.
Method: The systematic scoping review was conducted in April 22, and comprised literature search on PubMed, World Health Organisation Global Index Medicus and Summons databases for articles published between January 2005 and February 2022. Information extracted included authors’ names, year of publication, title, study methodology, and key insights under the heads of challenges and solutions. Due to data heterogeneity, key themes were identified and analysed.
Results: Of the 2,190 studies initially identified, 21(0.95%) were subjected to full-text review, and, from among them, 9(45%) were analysed in detail. There were 4 key insights identified: research ethics committees and institutional review boards in Pakistan remain unregulated as they are currently not registered or accredited by a competent national-level authority; most members of such committees are not formally trained to implement the mandate; internal and external pressures hinder independent decision-making of such committees; and other issues hindering the functionality and performance of research ethics committees and institutional review boards.
Conclusion: Despite existing publications calling for urgent policy and regulatory reforms, there is a dearth of literature and minimal policy actions underline the fact that ethics review remains a neglected area in Pakistan.
Key Words: Ethics, Pakistan, Bioethics, Ethics committees, Institutional review board.
A challenging diagnosis of rare co-existent multiple myeloma and prostate adenocarcinoma: a systematic review of case reports
Authors: Iqbal Rashid , Rehman Shafi , Sukaina Mahnoor , Ullah Hameed , Hameed Maha , Chattha Uzair
Published: July 2023

Objective: To review biochemical parameters, clinical characteristics, demographics, radiological and histopathological findings, treatment modalities and outcomes used to examine patients with coexisting multiple myeloma and prostate adencocarcinoma.
Method: The systematic review comprised search on PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and the Directory of Open Access Journal databases for case reports published till June 1, 2022. The search was done in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using appropriate key words. Case reports included were those dealing exclusively with human subjects, were published in the English language and had free, full-text, public access. Quality assessment was done using Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports. Data was extracted and the case reports were evaluated for demographic, diagnostic and treatment parameters.
Results: Of the 515 studies initially identified, 5(0.97%) were analysed; all males with mean age 68.6 years (SD= 10.78). The most common symptom reported at presentation was low back pain 3(60%), Osteolytic lesions were seen in 4(80%) patients on imaging with elevated prostate surface antigen levels. Anaemia was found in 3(60%) patients and 2(40%) had thrombocytopenia.
Conclusion: Multiple myeloma and prostate adenocarcinoma can coexist although it is rare. Awareness regarding the possible coexistence of the two prominent cancer types may further help clinicians during their practice in considering multiple myeloma as a differential diagnosis when encountered with patients having osteolytic bony lesions along with elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen.
Osteoporosis’s undertreatment in Pakistan
Authors: Atiq Usama , Rafique Rameen , Atiq Sami , Tehreem Eesha
Published: July 2023

Dear Madam,
Osteoporosis results in the weakening of the bones over time; this is a preventable medical condition. Unfortunately, this makes people prone to low-impact fractures. People usually know about this disease after fracturing a bone(1). It is estimated that in Pakistan, 9.9 million people have osteoporosis, and 7.2 million are females. The numbers may rise to 12.01 million by 2050 (2). Things are much worse in a country with an ever-expanding population and a limited health budget; DEXA machines are sparse, which leaves clinicians to rely on heel ultrasound scanning. Above all, the lack of solid guidelines and limited patient compliance create havoc regarding this issue. In Pakistan, this disease prevalence is rising exponentially due to multi-parity, extended life post menopause, low calcium and vitamin D intake, and stagnant lifestyle (3). The Asia-Pacific Consortium on Osteoporosis came into existence in 2019 to reduce osteoporosis prevalence in Asia Pacific. Unfortunately, it too confirmed that local guidelines for osteoporosis treatment are non-existence in this part of the world(4).
Primary health centres are the initial places to pick osteoporosis; however, studies indicate primary health care physicians feel it challenging to use FRAX (screening test) as there is no formal training to pick signs of osteoporosis(5). Therefore, the health ministry needs to take this issue seriously and form a national-level committee comprising multiple specialities (orthopaedic surgery, endocrinology, rheumatology, family medicine, primary care, etc.). Drafting local guidelines will also be an effective way to treat this silent undertreated disease. In addition, bisphosphonates should be promoted in the diagnosed patients as it has proven to be the most effective method to curb osteoporosis(6). Arranging seminars on world osteoporosis day (20th October) at educational centres, hospitals and public places will promote early seeking of help in case of osteoporosis. Follow-up in patients with diagnosed osteoporosis is crucial; setting up hotlines for such patients at the national level will help doctors fight poor compliance issues regarding management.
Awareness of Use of GLP-1 agonists in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Pakistan
Authors: Baig Muhammad Usman , Muhammad Ahmad Farooq
Published: July 2023

Madam,
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disease worldwide. A quarter of Pakistan’s adult population is affected by DM. In Pakistan, the popular mono-therapy for treating both pre-diabetic and diabetic patients is metformin. For Metformin is combined with exogenous insulin/sitagliptin/sulphonylureas for dual therapy.1
Multiple studies over the past decade have shown encouraging results for GLP-1 analogues, especially semaglutide. The 2022 American Diabetic Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) guidelines refer to semaglutide as a highly efficacious drug with minuscule side effects.2 They are the most efficacious drugs in reducing HBA1c among all the prescribed drugs for DM.3 In patients already taking metformin, the addition of subcutaneous semaglutide showed almost double the reduction in HBA1c than the addition of any other drug.3  In obese patients with DM, the weight reduction with semaglutide is significant than all other available medications, followed by its sister drug liraglutide.4 Recent studies also confirmed the added benefit of this class being cardioprotective and renoprotective, contrary to a belief once held about it.5 As of the studies done till now, the only majorly reported side effect of this drug is nausea and vomiting.
Internationally, physicians have started to widely prescribe this class of drug after their inclusion as the top recommended drug in ADA and EASD. We suggest that the physicians be educated on the mechanism of this drug in conferences and presentations. This will help raise awareness in the doctor’s community of Pakistan. This drug can prove fruitful in preventing the progression of DM to diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy, which can save countless lives and millions to our economy in pharmaceutical drugs.
Pengetahuan Teknologi Pedagogi Kandungan (TPACK) Guru Prasekolah
Authors: Augustine Raphaella Batha , Mohamed Suziyani
Published: July 2023

Pengetahuan Kandungan Pedagogi Teknologi (TPACK) penting untuk memastikan keberkesanan penyampaian pengajaran dengan pengintegrasian teknologi. Ia merupakan aplikasi yang ideal untuk semua aspek pembelajaran, di mana ia penting dalam proses PdP yang disampaikan di dalam kelas. Kajian yang berupa sebuah kajian tinjauan ini adalah untuk melihat tahap pengetahuan TPACK yang dimiliki oleh guru prasekolah dalam PdPc bagi Matematik Awal. Kajian yang berbentuk deskriptif ini menggunakan data daripada responden yang terpilih untuk perlaksanaan kajian. Di mana seramai 69 orang guru pra sekolah di kawasan Sarawak yang dipilih secara rawak untuk melengkapkan kajian ini. Instrumen kajian yang digunakan dalah borang soal selidik yang diedarkan melalui google form. Penilaian soal selidik yang diperolehi dilakukan melalui skala likert. Berdasarkan dapatan kajian, dapat disimpulkan bahawa masih lagi terdapat kalangan guru yang masih kurang berpengetahuan dalam mengaplikasikan teknologi dalam pengajaran mereka. Hal ini haruslah diberikan penekanan kerana ia adalah amat penting untuk guru-guru dalam mengikuti keperluan semasa dalam sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) mereka.
Students’ Difficulties Analysis in Reading Comprehension at The Second Grade of MTs Nurul Ikhlas
Authors: Rizki Asani Fathur
Published: July 2023

Regarding the basic competence of the second grade of junior high schools in Curriculum 2013, the pupils are supposed to comprehend the generic structure, social function, and language features in reading material (narrative, descriptive, recount, and so on). However, the students still have some difficulties comprehending a text. This could be known by identifying some previous studies related to reading comprehension difficulties in Indonesia. They have problems finding the main idea and specific information in the text, making inferences, or identifying the meaning of the word. Thus, this paper tried to analyze the difficulties that the students faced when comprehending an English reading text, to determine the reasons why the students are having problems with those difficulties, and to examine how a teacher can help the students to overcome these difficulties. This research used a mixed method and was classified as descriptive research. The participants of this research consisted of second-grade students and an EFL teacher of MTs Nurul Ikhlas Ambon. Reading comprehension tests, questionnaires, and interviews were used by the researcher to collect the data. Then, the data were analyzed by using descriptive quantitative analysis; calculating the result of students’ reading comprehension test and calculating the scale of the questionnaire. Moreover, the qualitative data was done by describing the interview result. The research revealed three findings. Firstly, the difficulty faced by the students when comprehending an English reading text was identifying vocabulary. Secondly, the students completely agreed that the reading process, student background knowledge, language knowledge, and motivation were factors that influenced them to have problems with those difficulties. And lastly, the strategies that can be used by the teacher to overcome the difficulties were memorizing strategy, reciprocal teaching, question-answer relationship, and fun learning strategy.
Implementation of Pela Gandong Cultural Values in Fostering Harmonious Community Living in Maluku from the Perspective of the Qur'an
Authors: Hassannusi R Def Mochtar
Published: July 2023

This article was compiled to describe the implementation of the Pela Gandong Cultural values ​​in Fostering Harmonious Community Life in Maluku from the Perspective of the Qur'an. The method used in this research is a literature study. Therefore, to answer the research questions, a literature study approach is carried out related to the research question. The results of the study conducted, obtained information on a number of things, including: there are four cultural values ​​of Pela Gandong in fostering harmony in community life in Maluku based on the perspective of the Koran, including equality of human dignity, tabayyun, moderation, and the rule of law.
Characteristics, Approaches, and Competency Learning Processes of Students in The 21st Century
Authors: Syarifuddin Syarifuddin , Iriani Iriani , Akbar La Ali
Published: July 2023

The research aims to describe the competencies of 21st-century students which include the characteristics, approach, and sequence of 4C competencies in the learning process. This information is very important to be used as a reference for schools and teachers in designing curricula and learning instruments. The method used in this study is a literature study. The data source comes from Google Scholar in the period 2018 to 2022. Data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study show that: (1) The competency characteristics of 21st-century students include critical thinking, Communication, Collaboration, and Creativity. (2) The competency learning approach for 21st-century students is to integrate ICT with learning content. (3) The sequence of 4C competencies in the learning process with two versions namely: version 1. starting from Communication-Collaboration – Critical Thinking – Creativity for the MA/SMA/SMK education levels, and version 2. starting from Communication - Collaboration - Creativity - Critical Thinking at the MI/SD and MTs/SMP levels. (4) Critical Thinking competence is still low so it needs attention to be improved for teachers and students.
Teacher Respons to Curriculum Changes in Madrasah Learning
Authors: Pelu Hanafi , Rosmiati Rosmiati
Published: July 2023

This paper aims to explain the teachers’ reaction to curriculum changes in Madrasah learning.  The qualitative research method will be applied in this study where researchers will describe data in the form of phrases rather than statistics. While descriptive research is commonly utilized by researchers. Descriptive types only explain phenomena, symptoms, events, and episodes that occur in certain populations or communities. According to the conclusions of this study, learning tools are the compass and forward and backward directions of educational institutions in Indonesia, particularly in Madrasas. Learning tools can be helpful in gaining success and success in implementing learning programs in certain educational units. Looking at the times, compiling a curriculum is not a simple task, but the curriculum is developed based on the needs for the development of a country's educational quality. Furthermore, the curriculum is a notion that must rise to meet all obstacles, yet changes to the curriculum cannot be avoided due to the necessity. Curriculum design is critical because education can meet the requirements of society. As a learning designer, the teacher must begin with a modest and concrete problem, such as the problem of the Madrasah environment. However, the teacher must also think broadly and be visionary. Teachers must remain professional in their tasks even when the curriculum in Indonesia changes, and they must provide a stimulating learning environment so that students feel challenged and like studying.
Descriptive Analysis of The Integrative Curriculum of SMP Islam Terpadu Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar
Authors: Hamka Syamsuar
Published: July 2023

This study examines the formulation of problem 1). What is the profile of this school, and 2). What is the pattern of integration of the curriculum? The approach used is descriptive-qualitative, with interview, observation, and documentation methods. The results of this study indicate 1) SMP Islam Terpadu Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar has the vision to produce alumni who have good morals and have achievements in the field of Islam and science based on the Qur'an and as-Sunnah. 2) The curriculum structure of SMP Islam Terpadu Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar includes the substance of lessons taken at one level for three years by combining the curriculum of the education service and the curriculum of Islamic content.
Strategi Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di SMP IT Qurrata A’yun
Authors: Yanti Efrimul , Asmendri Asmendri , Salam Muhammad Yusuf
Published: July 2023

The principal is the main factor in managing educational institutions in order to realize the goals of education itself. The main problem in this research is what the strategy of the principal of SMP IT Qurrata A’yun in improving teachers performance. Data processing is carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner, which is obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. The role of the principal of SMP IT Qurrata A’yun by using a democratic leadership style, so that the principal can mobilize teachers in carrying out school programs and can achieve the goals that have been set. The principal’s strategy of SMP IT Qurrata A’yun in improving teacher performance are by conducting performance coaching for teachers, conducting supervision, fostering teacher discipline, providing motivation and giving awards
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran dan Minat Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Bola Voli
Authors: Putra Gusti Ngurah Komang Wirayudi , Dharmadi Made Agus , Hidayat Syarif
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar antara peserta didik yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri dengan yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional serta pengaruh model pembelajaran dan minat belajar terhadap hasil belajar. Penelitian ini termasuk quasi experimental dengan desain treatment by level 2×2. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 40 orang yang terbagi menjadi dua yaitu 20 orang untuk kelompok eksperimen dan 20 orang untuk kelompok kontrol. Data hasil belajar dikumpulkan dengan tes objektif dan tes observasi, sedangkan data minat belajar dikumpulkan menggunakan angket. Data dianalisis dengan Two Ways Anova menggunakan program SPSS IBM 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Hasil belajar peserta didik yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri lebih tinggi secara daripada yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional (rata-rata 86,50>78,40), (2) Pada kelompok minat belajar tinggi, hasil belajar peserta didik yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri lebih tinggi dari pada yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional (rata-rata skor 91,80>73,20), (3) Pada kelompok minat belajar rendah, hasil belajar peserta didik yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional lebih tinggi daripada yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri (rata-rata skor 81,20>83,60). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan secara umum model pembelajaran inkuiri lebih baik daripada model pembelajaran konvensional ddalam meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.
Entrepreneurs Preference in Choosing Payment Method
Authors: Rembulan Glisina Dwinoor , Tannady Hendy , Haddar Gamar Al , Ausat Abu Muna Almaududi , Pratiwi Emy Yunita Rahma
Published: July 2023

The rapid advancement of technology also affects entrepreneurial activities. An entrepreneur will definitely update or follow any existing developments so that the business is not out of date. The transactions carried out also varied. These transaction activities certainly use a variety of payment instruments, ranging from cash to non-cash. A person's preference for something is related to the reasoning process that is built in explaining the reasons for his liking for something. Preference in this sense will certainly be related to a person's opportunity to achieve something he is interested in. This type of research is descriptive research. Descriptive research is research that includes data collection by testing hypotheses or answering questions about the latest status of research subjects. From the interviews that have been conducted, it can be interpreted that entrepreneurs who choose to use cash only think that using cash only can help, those who use cash state that if the use of cash payment is in the form of cash, the form of the money can be confirmed.
Pengaruh Program Pelatihan Ketrampilan dan Pembinaan Dinas Koperasi dan Usaha Mikro terhadap Perkembangan Usaha Mikro di Kabupaten Blitar
Authors: Setiawan Feri Bagus
Published: July 2023

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of the increasing number of entrepreneurial people, especially in Blitar Regency. Basically, the existence of this phenomenon will bring a positive influence on the economy of society and the country. Therefore, the government, namely the Office of Cooperatives and Micro Enterprises, took part in it by conducting training and coaching programs. In this training program, the priority is the management of its own human resources. This research will examine the influence of the training program provided by the government on the development of local MSMEs, especially in Blitar Regency. The approach used is a quantitative approach and is field. The data collected, namely primary and secondary, will be in the form of a questionnaire and processed using SPSS with a Likert Scale as a measure. The results of this study indicate that training and guidance from the government have a positive effect on the development of micro-enterprises. Training has a big impact on people who are going to or are starting a business, because the training provided by the relevant agencies is very helpful in implementing entrepreneurship and its development, as well as coaching, people feel more nurtured and directed in building and managing the business being run.
Meningkatkan Kinerja UMKM Melalui Pemasaran Digital untuk Meningkatkan Produk Perusahaan
Authors: Alexander Yayan Listanto
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap beberapa strategi digital marketing dari produk baju bayi serta membuktikan efisiensi dari peningkatan kinerja UMKM melalui digital marketing. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Daya yang dinutuhkan sebagai pisau penelitian adalah data primer yang penulis peroleh dengan observasi dan wawancara kepada pihak yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Dara sekunder penulis peroleh dari berbagai buku, artikel jurnal, dan litertur pendukung lainnya. Sementara hasil penelitian ini berupa: pertama, berdasarkan pendapat dari pemilik usaha UMKM yang meningkatakn kinerjanya melalui digital marketing hanya dengan membuat konten yang menarik dan mudah diingat orang. Kedua, berdasarkan pendapat dari peminat UMKM dan pelanggan “Garmen Baju Bayi Mamawawa” ini dapat mengefisiensi biaya dan dapat menjadi pesaing yang kuat untuk mereka yang tidak menggunakan digital marketing. Ketiga, berdasarkan pendapat masnyarakat umum ini UMKM memang membutuhkan peningkatan kerja dalam hal digital marketing untuk mengenalkan identitas produk dan identitas perusahaan UMKM di zaman yang serba menggunakan internet.
Guest Loyalty Programs of Chain Hotels: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Güzel Ramazan , Oktay Kutay , Orynbaeva Ultugan
Published: July 2023

The increasing competition among companies has forced them to adopt new marketing methods and develop new strategies to retain customers. One such strategy is the use of loyalty program cards, which were initially used as a benefits program but have now become a popular marketing strategy used by many hotel chains in Turkey. Loyalty programs are designed to encourage customers to continue using a company's services or products by offering rewards, discounts, and other privileged services. This study aims to conduct a content analysis of the websites of 10 hotels in Turkey to explore the facilities these hotels offer through their loyalty programs. The content analysis focuses on the services offered by these hotels, which are designed to retain customer loyalty. The data was collected by visiting the websites of the selected hotels and analyzing the content using the content analysis method. The findings were presented descriptively, highlighting the similarities and differences between the services offered by the hotels under the name of the loyalty program. The study found that the loyalty programs offered by hotel chains in Turkey have both common and different characteristics. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the loyalty programs offered by international hotel chains in Turkey. By analyzing the content of the websites, the study highlights the key facilities offered by these hotels to retain customer loyalty. The findings of this study could be useful to hotel managers and marketers in designing effective loyalty programs that meet the needs and expectations of their customers.
Analysis of the Receipts of the National Fund of Kazakhstan
Authors: Nurseiit Nurlan
Published: July 2023

The article discusses the key factors determining the National Fund of Kazakhstan (NFK) accumulation from January 2005 to February 2017. As the main factors in this model, world oil prices, the share of deductions of oil companies' income to the fund, domestic oil production, the tenge exchange rate against the U.S. dollar and interest income on the fund's investments were considered. In order to explain these factors impact on the oil fund receipts, a relevant functional model was developed. The stationarity of the data series was checked using the Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test. Verification of the model was conducted using different econometric methods, as the primary model used the least squares method (LSM). Using the generalized method of moments (GMM) helped overcome the problem of autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity and validate the model specification. The autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) method and the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) were also used to test the basic models. The built econometric models confirmed that NFK's receipts positively depend on the tax rate on oil producing firms, world oil prices, and domestic oil production and negatively on the exchange rate of tenge. However, the increase in interest rates on the U.S. Treasury bonds did not increase the fund's income. This can mean either the ineffectiveness of its investments or the periodic withdrawal of the investment income. In general, the study should help understand the factors determining NFK's revenue and increasing its amount in the future.
Implementing Environmental Education in Unplanned Settlements: A Case of Misisi and Kuku of Zambia’s Lusaka City
Authors: Matakala Susan , Mbewe Simeon
Published: July 2023

The study aimed at finding prospects for the implementation of Environmental Education (EE) in Misisi and Kuku unplanned settlements of the city of Lusaka in Zambia. The main objective was to assess how existing environmental challenges in the selected settlements could be seen as prospects for the implementation of EE. The study further sought to investigate ways by which EE would be made more accessible to the inhabitants of these settlements. The research design was the descriptive survey. In selecting respondents, purposive sampling was used. The focus was on residents of Misisi and Kuku. To collect primary data, semi-structured interviews were used. This was supplemented by observations and focus group discussions on selected issues that needed clarifications. Data collected from the field was analysed using thematic analysis method and descriptive statistics. The study established that unplanned settlements experience a lot of environmental challenges which could help in the implementation of EE. Although residents of Misisi and Kuku carried out environmental interventions to address some of the challenges experienced, it was established that residents were less aware of Environmental Education. The study recommended that environmental challenges found in unplanned settlements were prospects for implementation of Environmental Education.
Investigating the Mediating Role of Social Capital in the Influence of Job Satisfaction on Subjective Well-Being among Librarians in Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: Bahrudin Muhammad , Lawang Robert Markus Zaka
Published: July 2023

Subjective well-being (SWB) has become one of the indicators that can describe the level of prosperity or well-being of the population in real terms. In the professional context, high levels of SWB are associated with higher life satisfaction, better productivity, and better performance, especially in the helping profession. This study aims to analyze the level of SWB, job satisfaction, and social capital of librarians in Java Island, Indonesia, and analyze the mediating role of social capital in the influence of job satisfaction on the level of SWB of librarians. A quantitative approach was used with a sample of 345 librarians spread across six provinces in Java Island, Indonesia. Mediation analysis using the bootstrapping method in PROCESS v4.2 for SPSS application was used to identify direct, indirect, and total effects. The results showed that the levels of SWB, job satisfaction, and social capital of librarians in Java Island were mostly in the “Moderate” category. It was also found that there is a partial mediating role of social capital in the influence of job satisfaction on the level of SWB of librarians with direct effect coefficient β=0.5936, indirect effect β=0.1975, and total effect β=0.7912 which are all significant. The partial mediation role shows that social capital only partially mediates the effect of job satisfaction on the level of SWB of librarians. Interventions can be made by optimizing aspects of social capital that still have minimal contribution such as network ownership or librarian membership in professional organizations. In addition, librarian professional organizations must proactively advocate for their members regarding the challenges they face, including increasing the benefits obtained when a librarian joins them.
Growth and Yield Comparison of Rice Plants Treated with Encapsulated Trichoderma asperellum (UPM 40) in Response to Drought Stress
Authors: Yusup Iffatul Arifah , Mohammad Yusoff Martini , Ismail Mohd Razi , Berahim Zulkarami , Adzmi Fariz
Published: July 2023

During low rainfall periods, rice plants often face drought stress, which would significantly affect rice yield. One of the methods to mitigate the problem is incorporating rice plants with fungi such as Trichoderma. This study evaluated the effects of encapsulated Trichoderma asperellum (UPM 40) on the growth and yield of rice plants planted in saturated and flooded soil conditions in response to drought stress. A randomized complete block factorial design was implemented with four replications and two factors. The first factor was encapsulated T. asperellum (UPM 40) concentration of 0 and 5 g. The second factor was the soil condition: saturated and flooded soil. The drought stress was imposed by halting watering during early anthesis for 14 days and resumed afterward. One of the significant interaction effects detected was on the relative water content of rice plants planted in flooded soil conditions and treated with T. asperellum (UPM 40), where the value was 78.51%, higher than the control of 72.09%, which showed the ability of the fungus to help rice plants alleviate detrimental effects of drought stress and delay the onset of adverse effects of drought stress. Thus, it contributed to the crop’s simultaneous improvement in rice yield compared to untreated plants in saturated soil. Applying 5 g encapsulated T. asperellum (UPM 40) to the rice plants would perform best in flooded soil conditions during drought stress.
CITY AS A CINEMATIC TEXT AND THE PLACE OF WANDERING CHARACTERS: VISUAL AND ACOUSTIC POETRY
Authors: Glurjidze Lili (Lika)
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Since the birth of cinema, filmmakers have created personal, political, philosophical, realistic, poetic, emotional and diverse portraits of cities. In the history of art, we’ve seen traveling poets, storytellers, painters, now we can talk about traveling filmmakers and their heroes, who explore and capture their journeys with the film camera. Images from the screen create our perception of places, like modern cities, where we have never been, as their visual or acoustic version is constructed by cinema. From City Symphonies to Essay films and lonely journeys of characters lost in urban landscapes, filmmakers have dialogues, open conversations with cities. Those personal conversations involve - critical thinking, aesthetical study of the place, memories and film language. Kutaisi, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Beijing, Berlin, New York or Paterson, cities from different parts of the world, with different cultural codes and the author’s vision have their visual doubles on the screen and become characters on their own. The article explores different approaches and cinematic dialogues with the cities, their representation and poetry in cinema - visual and acoustic.
The semiotic analysis is used in the article as the methodology to observe visual and acoustic possibilities of the film language. The article also focuses on connection of literately forms with film language, how – poetry, essays, letters and diaries are connected with the cinema. In Manhatta (1921) by Charles Sheeler and Paul Strand, Walt Whitman’s poem of the same name is “written” in the film and helps to explore the city. Modern example in cinema of writing poetry on the screen and also embodying it in all forms, visual or audio is - Paterson (2016) by Jim Jarmusch.
Comparative study of the films from different parts of the world helps to describe a modern city in a film, as a modern audiovisual text, on the edge of reality and imagination, with new possibilities, experiments of form, and carrying the problems of wandering and lost characters in it. On the example of the chosen films, the article reflects on different images of cities, how they are becoming main characters and cinematic texts - from Kutaisi to Hong Kong.
The Use of Web 2.0 Tools and Technologies in English Language Teaching-Learning Process
Authors: Roy Piu
Published: July 2023

English language instruction increasingly makes use of web 2.0 tools  and technologies as the most cutting-edge example of internet-based  technology. Wikis, blogs, podcasts, social networks, and video conferencing  are some of the most common examples of Web 2.0 technologies that have  shown their use in language instruction and study. In the last ten years, Web  2.0 has become an essential part of the educational process, both within  and outside the traditional classroom setting. Almost all language classes  have used various technological tools and resources in recent years. Using  multiple technologies has facilitated and improved students’ ability to learn  new languages. The use of technology enables teachers to adapt classroom  activities, which ultimately speeds up the language acquisition process. It is  becoming more critical for teachers to use the tools and technology offered  by Web 2.0 to encourage language learning in their classes. This research  investigates the impact that contemporary technology has on the process  of learning English as a second or foreign language. We looked at various  mindsets to see what technology motivates English language learners to  enhance their learning abilities. The researcher defines technology and  explains how technology may be integrated into educational settings,  namely language courses. It reviews previous studies on using Web 2.0  tools and technologies to enhance language learning abilities and makes  recommendations for the improved use of these technologies, which  aid students in improving their learning abilities. In addition, it reviews  previous studies on using Web 2.0 tools and technologies to enhance  language learning abilities. The anticipated results from the previously  published research demonstrate that students’ language-learning abilities  improve when they effectively use emerging technologies.
Organizational Commitment as an Antecedent of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Study of Nursing Staff Working in Select Government Hospitals in Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Anisa Mengistu , Malhotra Meenakshi
Published: July 2023

Successful organizations have employees who go beyond their formal job  tasks and freely give their time and liveliness to succeed at the assigned  job. Such humanity is neither prescribed nor required, yet it contributes to  the smooth functioning of the organization. This study aimed to examine  organizational commitment as an antecedent of Organizational Citizenship  Behavior a study of nursing staff working in Select Government Hospitals  in Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia. Methodologically, the study  has been mainly depending on the primary source of data obtained  through nursing staff work in the Sidama regional state of southern  Ethiopia. Among 1900 total nursing staff in the four hospitals in this study  210 samples have been considered for the analysis based on 204 of the  respondents who responded to the questionnaire. In this study, SPSS and  AMOS version 21 were applied for analysis purposes. The measurement  model based on CFA reveals that the items are fitted for the construct after  some of the items are removed as a result of low loadings. The structural  equation model shows the positive relationship between the variables  under the study. Based on the finding obtained theoretical and practical  implications provided through the management of the hospitals need to  have enhanced organizational commitment of nursing staff to reciprocate  the result. Furthermore, the study opts for future researchers based on the  gap mentioned.
Price Responses to Index Additions and Deletions: A Systematic Review with Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Goyal Priyanka , Soni Pooja
Published: July 2023

The present study aims to systematically review the research evidence  available on the impact of additions and deletions of companies from  various stock indices on their stock prices and provide directions for  future research. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for  Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 flow diagram  to select the final sample of 44 studies for systematic literature review  using the Scopus database. These research studies have been reviewed  subsequently to categorize, synthesize and map the extant literature using  R studio. The study found that, on average, there is an increase in share  prices of stocks being added to an index and stocks being excluded from  the index evidenced negative abnormal returns. But the existing literature  doesn’t provide conclusive evidence on whether these price effects are long  or short-term. The study guides the investors, traders and other market  participants regarding their long and short positions in the market and  also provides future research directions to academicians.
Software Reuse
Authors: Sachin Singh
Published: July 2023

Program advancement has ended up a significant viewpoint of numerous businesses within the advanced world, with businesses depending on computer program applications to oversee their operations and give administrations to their clients