bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence Rate of Energy Drinks Consumption Among Young Adults in Iraqi Society
Authors: Mekkey Shereen M. , Tizkam Hussam H.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Energy drinks (ED) consumption is an increasingly occurring phenomenon in our Iraqi society. ED marketing should be limited or forbidden particularly among adolescents until independent research confirms their safety.

Objectives:

To estimate the prevalence of energy drinks consumption among young people in Iraq in regard to: gender, sport habits, disease state, purpose of use, addiction liability.

Materials and Methods:

A cross- sectional study was conducted for Iraqi young adult people from October/2021 to January/ 2022 using a questionnaire. This survey included (784) person aged 15 to 35 years old after obtaining approval from the directors of each college and receiving oral approval from each participant. Data was collected through the questionnaire.

Results:

A very high proportion of ED consumers are males, and are actually sport practitioners, with no chronic disease. Tiger is the ED No.1 in Iraq. Mainly consumed on monthly basis, mainly for energy provision and improved performance. The general people attitude for these ED is to stay awake, and is therefore associated with sleep disturbance, however consumers do not think that it is difficult to give up ED and do not consider themselves addicted to it, and are aware of most of its risks.

Conclusions:

Most consumers are athletics with no chronic disease, almost monthly consumers ED for energy provision with Tiger being the most consumed ED, most consumers with able to give up ED consumptions were aware of risks of ED with a steep rise was observed recently compared to the past years.
Association Between Zinc Level and Prelabour Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Mahmood Huda Mohamed , Al-Moayad Hala Abd Al-Qadir
Published: September 2022

Background:

Assessment of micronutrients in pregnant women particularly ZINC and whether its concentration is different between term and preterm birth is important to optimize the normal pregnancy and to reduce the incidence of pregnancy complications, especialy preterm labour and pre labour rupture of membrane.

Objectives:

Assessment of correlation between maternal serum ZINC level and the prelabour rupture of membrane in both preterm and term pregnant women.

Study Design:

Case control study.

Materials and Methods:

A case control study performed in Al-Imamain Al- Kadhumain Medical City/Obstetrics and Gynecology department from 1st of February to 1st of November 2019, Including 400 pregnant women their gestational age ranged between (24 to 42) divided in to 4 group: group A, group B, group C, group D which all undergo serum Zinc level measurement.

Result:

The mean ± SD of serum ZINC in group A which include the preterm prom, which is less than the control group (B) preterm intact membranes which, and the mean ± SD of serum zinc of group (C) which include the term prelabour rupture of membranes which is less than group (D) which is the control group of group (C) term intact membranes. This study shows significant relationship between ZINC deficiency and prelabour rupture of membrane in both term and preterm pregnant women at a P value< 0.001 and <0.001 respectively, also this study show inverse relationship between serum zinc and increasing parity, maternal age, vaginal infection, and BMI.

Conclusion:

Pregnant women with prelabour rupture of membranes wether term or preterm tend to have lower Zinc level. Increasing maternal age, increasing parity, high BMI, vaginal infection are associated with low Zinc.
Rapid Microwave Tissue Processing and Staining Method Using a Kitchen Microwave Oven in Histopathology Laboratory
Authors: Shirbhate Pranav Naresh , Deshmukh Abhay Vilas , Shivkumar Vitaladevuni Balasubramanyam
Published: September 2022

Background:

Histopathological diagnosis of a specimen requires good histoprocessing. It ultimately depends on sample preparation and staining, which is time consuming by routine tissue processing technique. The objective of the present study was to compare the reliability of kitchen microwave for tissue processing and staining with the standard conventional processing and staining in different tissue samples.

Materials and Methods:

The study sample included 204 specimens from different parts of the body. Three set of tissues were processed and three set of slides from each sample were stained by routine as well as microwave method and the quality of microscopic features was compared.

Results:

No significant difference was found in nuclear and cellular characters in case of staining by both methods. While, in case of processing, mean scoring for nuclear characters for routinely processed and microwave-stained (RM) slides was 6.95 ± 0.09 (confidence interval [CI] 6.83–0.09), for microwave-processed and microwave-stained (MM) slides, it was 6.82 ± 0.07 (CI 6.74–6.90) by observer 1 (P = 0.068). The mean score of cellular character of RM slides was 7.85 ± 0.06 (CI 7.76) and for MM slides, it was 7.65 ± 0.17 (CI 7.47–7.88) by observer 2 (P = 0.076). The microwave method was better for both processing (P = 0.001) and staining (P = 0.003) in case of small biopsies (P = 0.057). The microwave method was as good as routine method for processing of aorta and staining of breast and kidney tissues (P = 0.23, 0.32, and 0.38, respectively). The time taken by the microwave method is considerably less for both processing and staining.

Conclusion:

The microwave method requires less time when compared with the routine method, thus reducing the overall turnaround time which ultimately helps in rapid same-day diagnosis and patient management. Microwave can be preferred method for smaller biopsies when compared with large biopsies. Lack of automation and requirement of more manpower remain the major disadvantages for use of microwave method in large turnover histopathology laboratories.
Virchow’s Node Metastasis Due to Prostate Malignancy
Authors: Raju Tagru , Kaur Jaspreet , Gupta Monica , Kumar Vivek
Published: September 2022

A carcinoma of the prostate gland is one of the commonest malignancies found in men contributing to significant morbidity and mortality because of its varied presentation. Known to mainly disseminate through the local, lymphatic, and hematogenous route, it can rarely metastasize to the supradiaphragmatic regions such as supraclavicular lymph node. We report one such rare case of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland with Virchow’s node as the only initial sign of presentation, which was diagnosed after a detailed examination and advanced imaging modalities.
Diaphragmatic Thickness in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kareem Jumana Mahdi , Al-Waely Noor Kathem , Al-Hashimi Ali F.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, characterized by chronic airway inflammation and progressive airflow limitation, and is considered as common, preventable and treatable disease. The defining standard values for diaphragm thickness and thickening ratio using B-mode ultrasound may provide a simpler, safer means of evaluating diaphragmatic function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Objective:

to assess the diaphragmatic structure and function using B-mode ultrasonography studying the diaphragm muscle inspiratory and expiratory thickness and thickening fraction in patients with COPD compared to healthy controls, and to study their sensitivity and specificity as well as their correlation with certain pathophysiologic parameters namely (peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, body mass index and C-reactive protein) to establish possible relation with the pathophysiology of the disease.

Materials and Methods:

The present study is a case control study was conducted in Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq in the period extended from November 2019 to October 2021. Forty patients with the diagnosis of COPD underwent B-mode ultrasound analysis. Three images were captured both at end expiration (Tmin) and at maximal inspiration (Tmax). The thickening fraction was calculated as (Tmax-Tmin/Tmin), and each set of values was averaged. Findings were compared with a database of 40 healthy control subjects.

Results:

Diaphragm thickness and thickening fraction were significantly higher in COPD patients compared to control subjects with the mean of the Rt. inspiratory diaphragmatic thickness equals (3.23 ± 0.68mm versus 2.8 ± 0.55mm; respectively, p=0.006) compared to control, and (2.44 ± 0.71 versus 1.96 ± 0.6; respectively, p=0.004) for the mean Rt. diaphragmatic thickening fraction, while the mean of the Lt. inspiratory diaphragmatic thickness was (3.22 ± 0.63mm versus 2.79 ± 0.51mm; respectively, p=0.003) compared to control, and (2.45 ± 0.63 versus 1.95 ± 0.54; respectively, p=0.003) for the mean Lt. diaphragmatic thickening fraction, ROC analysis shows that the right and left diaphragmatic fractions had the highest sensitivity and specificity parameter for COPD. No correlations were found between body mass index, SpO2 with diaphragmatic parameters.

Conclusion:

the current study found diaphragmatic ultrasonographic characteristics in patients with COPD show significant increase in inspiratory thickness and thickening fraction compared to control group, yet they were of low diagnostic accuracy.
Warfarin Therapy and Pharmacogenetics
Authors: Abd Alridha Ali Mohammed , Al-Gburi Karrar Mohammed , Abbood Sarah Kadhim
Published: September 2022

The aim of this work was to review several studies investigating the effects of genetic polymorphisms on warfarin dosing in regional and Iraqi studies and to report any consistent pattern of relevant findings. Despite the growing use of the recently introduced direct oral anticoagulants, warfarin is still the mainstay agent for oral anticoagulation because of its cost-effectiveness. However, a difficulty to establish a stable warfarin dose is frequently encountered. In addition to the warfarin narrow window of efficacy and safety, the main contributor to the challenging dosing is the wide range of variability in warfarin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics among different patients as well as within the single patient context. A link between nonappropriateness of warfarin doses and dramatically increased risk of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events has been well documented. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes implicated in warfarin pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes have been highlighted as possible contributors to warfarin dosing instability. Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 gene SNPs have consistently been found to be the predominant genetic factor contributing the dosing variations. The SNP rs9923231 was significantly associated with the greatest predicting capability of warfarin dosage. However, a range of about 30%–50% of the variances in warfarin dosing was explained by the combined contribution effect of several genetic and nongenetic (clinical) factors in the regional and Iraqi studies.
Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis by Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) and Detection of Rifampicin Resistance on Fine-Needle Aspiration Samples
Authors: Adhikary Moumita , Das Sanjushree , Lath Abhisek , Phukan Jyoti Prakash
Published: September 2022

Background:

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is still a major health problem in developing countries. Diagnosis of EPTB is difficult due to paucity of acid-fast bacilli in clinical specimens.

Objectives:

To study the diagnostic role of cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) and rifampicin resistance in EPTB on fine-needle aspiration samples.

Materials and Methods:

It is a prospective study comprising 79 patients of clinically suspected EPTB cases for 1 year duration. All patients underwent fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining followed by CBNAAT for confirmation of tuberculosis (TB) and to detect rifampicin resistance. Data have been collected and analyzed regarding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FNAC in comparison with CBNAAT.

Results:

Out of 79 patients, 47 (59.49%) patients were male and cervical lymph node was the most common site of aspiration (42, 52.16%). Granuloma with necrosis (38, 48.10%) followed by necrosis only (14, 17.72%) were the common findings on FNAC. Out of 79 suspected EPTB patients, CBNAAT confirmed 62 patients as having TB. Specificity of FNAC with ZN staining was 100.0%; however, sensitivity was low (43.55%) compared to CBNAAT. Only three cases were detected as rifampicin resistant.

Conclusion:

Compared to FNAC, CBNAAT has very good sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of EPTB. It has also as added advantage of detecting rifampicin resistance at the same time. CBNAAT should be used for diagnosis of EPTB wherever the facility is available.
Use of Limited Hip Abduction as a Predictor for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Al-Saeedy Bahjat Abdulridha Thabit , Redah Samer Mohammed
Published: September 2022

Background:

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) includes multiple abnormalities. Females are more susceptible for DDH. The clinical examination is used for diagnosis, but its sensitivity is generally low. Ultrasound (US) examination identifies DDH in infants younger than 6 months of age. Because of its accessibility and the lack of exposure to radiation, the clinical applications of US in the diagnosis of DDH have expanded, making it the gold standard test for DDH.

Objective:

This study aimed to measure sensitivity and specificity of limited hip abduction (LHA) as a screening test for the detection of DDH.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study including 60 infants were brought to the Al-Wasity Teaching Hospital, Baghdad and Al-Rusafa Health Directorate, Ministry of Health and Environment, Baghdad, Iraq, within the period from January 2020 to October 2020. They were referred by other physicians and clinics or their parents suspected that they have abnormal hip. We excluded infants with associated congenital abnormality such as arthrogryposis or spina bifida. The diagnosis was made by clinical and US examination. The clinical examination included identification of LHA. Data regarding age and gender were recorded and were statistically analyzed. Frequencies and means were used to express data, and the χ2 goodness of fit test and Student’s t-test were used as appropriate to detect significance of difference between frequencies and means.

Results:

The sensitivity and specificity of unilateral and bilateral LHA were 51.35%, 95.18% and 27.03%, 63.86%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Unilateral LHA was more sensitive and specific than bilateral.
Moyamoya Angiopathy with Growth Hormone Deficiency in 13 Years and 10 Years Old Boys Brothers in Iraq
Authors: Abdullah Wasnaa Hadi , Alabedi Rihab F.
Published: September 2022

Moyamoya disease is a rare, progressive cerebrovascular disease marked by stenosis and occlusion of the distal internal carotid arteries and branches of the circle of Willis, leading to creation of a collateral network of blood vessels at the base of the brain. It has been found to be a significant cause of childhood stroke. We would like to present two cases of moyamoya angiopathy with a growth hormone deficiency, in 13-year-old and 10-year-old brothers in Iraq. Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction may complicate Moyamoya angiopathy, which is attributed to chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency. Therefore, it is worth checking and regularly monitoring for this problem, especially in growing children and adolescents, to achieve normal growth and development.
Следовая формула для $RTT$-алгебры типа $sp(4)$
Authors: Burdík Cestmir , Navratil O
Published: September 2022

Продолжено недавнее исследование векторов Бете в $RTT$-алгебре типа $sp(4)$. Показано, что векторы Бете можно переписать в другом виде, который аналогичен следовой формуле для векторов Бете в $RTT$-алгебре типа $gl(3)$.
Эллиптические семейства решений иерархии Тоды со связью
Authors: Zabrodin Anton Vladimirovich
Published: September 2022

Изучаются эллиптические семейства решений недавно введенной иерархии Тоды со связью, т. е. решения, которые являются эллиптическими функциями некоторой линейной комбинации иерархических времен. Получены уравнения движения для полюсов таких решений.
О солитонных решениях и о взаимодействии солитонов систем Кулиша-Склянина и Хироты-Охты
Authors: Gerdjikov Vladimir Stefanov , Li Nianhua , Matveev Vladimir Borisovich , Smirnov Aleksandr Olegovich
Published: September 2022

Рассматривается простейшая двумерная редукция трехмерной системы Хироты-Охты. Пара Лакса системы Хироты-Охты была расширена до триады Лакса путем добавления дополнительного третьего линейного уравнения, условия совместности которого с парой Лакса системы Хироты-Охты подразумевают еще одну замечательную систему - систему Кулиша-Склянина вместе с ее первым более высоким коммутирующим потоком, который можно называть векторным комплексным модифицированным потоком Кортевега-де Фриза. Это означает, что любое общее частное решение этих обеих двумерных интегрируемых систем дает соответствующее частное решение трехмерной системы Хироты-Охты. С помощью метода одевания Захарова-Шабата выведены $N$-солитонные решения этих систем и проанализированы их взаимодействия, т. е. явно выведены сдвиги относительных координат центра масс и фаз как функции дискретных собственных значений оператора Лакса. Результаты перенесены на систему нелинейных интегрируемых эволюционных уравнений типа Хироты-Охты и получены ее $N$-солитонные решения.
Минимальные реализации и масштабная инвариантность дискретной иерархии КП и ее строгой версии
Authors: Helminck Gerard F , Poberezhny Vladimir Andreevich , Polenkova Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: September 2022

Дискретная иерархия КП и ее строгая версия представляют собой две деформации коммутативной алгебры $k[\Lambda]$ в алгебре $\mathrm{Ps}\kern1.1pt\Delta$ псевдоразностных операторов. Здесь $\Lambda$ - ($\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}$-матрица, соответствующая оператору сдвига, и $k=\mathbb{R}$ или $k=\mathbb{C}$. При этих деформациях элементы матриц, принадлежащих алгебре $\mathrm{Ps}\kern1.1pt\Delta$, берутся из коммутативной $k$-алгебры $R$. Две эти деформации обсуждаются с более широкой точки зрения: они рассматриваются не в окружении, а в предокружении. В рамках такого более общего подхода представлено несколько $k$-подалгебр в $R$, устойчивых относительно базовых дифференцирований в $R$, причем производные коммутируют на этих $k$-подалгебрах. С их помощью определены минимальные реализации обеих деформаций. Рассмотрена связь этих реализаций с решениями в различных окружениях. С использованием построенных реализаций показано, что обе иерархии обладают инвариантными масштабными преобразованиями.
Scanographic profile tumors from 3 radiology division in Kinshasa: retrospective serial cases
Authors: Molua Antoine Aundu , Matondo Eric Ma Matondo , Lelo Michel Tshikuela , Mukaya Jean Tshibola , Mbongo Angèle Tanzya , Mazoba Tacite Kpanya
Published: September 2022

Context and objective. The pancreas being a deep organ, its clinical exploration is sometimes limited and inefficient. The diagnosis of pancreatic pathologies is mainly based on the dosage of pancreatic enzymes (lipasemia in particular) and medical imaging. The objective of the present study was to describe the scanographic profile of pancreatic tumors in 3 radiology departments in Kinshasa. Methods. It was a retrospective serial case study conducted in 3 radiology departments in Kinshasa from January 2016 to June 2021, having retained 86 reports of abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan of patients with pancreatic pathology. Results. 66 cases of pancreatic tumors were involved. Male patients were predominant (sex-ratio M/F=1.6) and the mean age of 55.7 ± 14.7 years (range: 16 to 92 years). Cholestasis syndrome (50 %) and abdominal (epigastric) pain were the most common indications. In tumors, the contours were lobulated (56.1 %). The Wirsung duct was dilated in most tumors. The tumors were resectable in 26 % of cases. Conclusion. The abdominal CT-scan contributes to the diagnosis of pancreatic pathologies. These pathologies mostly affect male elderly subjects, are predominantly tumoral and generally diagnosed in late unresectable stage.
Violence against health personnel in Mexico in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: García Ángeles Leyda Avilés , Rojas Eliezer Morales , Piña Miriam Deyanira Rodríguez , Zerón Hugo Mendieta
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused problems in the health and social fields, seriously affecting the perception of health personnel by the general population. A systematic review of scientific articles has been carried out in databases such as Pubmed, Scielo, Latindex and Google Scholar, and in Google, since the first case of COVID-19 reported in Mexico on February 28 2020 through April 2021. During the study period, two articles were found in the Pubmed, one article was published in each of the other databases, and eight more through Google. In Mexico, the State of Jalisco is the federal entity with the highest number of reported attacks on health care personnel relative to its population.
Building Energy Simulation Model Application to Greenhouse Microclimate, Covering Material and Thermal Blanket Modelling: A Review
Authors: Akpenpuun T. D. , Ogunlowo Q. O. , Rabiu A. , Adesanya M. A. , Na W. H. , Omobowale M. O. , Mijinyawa Y. , Lee H. W.
Published: September 2022

This review documents the present knowledge and knowledge gap in applying building energy simulation (BES) dynamic models to greenhouses. The focus of this review is to compile the literature on the BES dynamic model of greenhouse microclimate, covering materials, energy requirements and thermal blankets using the Transient System Simulation version 18 (TRNSYS 18) software. Fifty-two journal articles, mostly Science Citation Index (SCI) and Scopus index journals, on BES development and simulation of greenhouse microclimate, greenhouse energy requirement, covering materials and thermal blankets were reviewed. These researchers sought to optimise greenhouse crop production. The main features of the TRNSYS 18 software for BES development are outlined; each research consulted for this review successfully developed, simulated and validated its BES. However, none of these developed models included the vapour pressure deficit (VPD) as a greenhouse microclimate factor, an essential climate parameter. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that applying a BES developed using TRNSYS has excellent potential to optimise greenhouse crop production and help adapt appropriate climate control strategies and energy-saving techniques. However, it is recommended to include VPD in future BES model development.
Impacts of Covid-19 Lockdown on Concentration Levels of Traffic-Related Air Pollutants in Ibadan -a West African City
Authors: Odediran E. T. , Yusuf O. , Adeniran A.
Published: September 2022

Trends and sources of air pollution at twenty-five traffic Intersections (TIs) before and during covid-19 lockdown were investigated in Ibadan, Nigeria. The relationships among climatic parameters, vehicular counts and ten air pollutants which includes particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10 & Total Suspended Particles-TSP) and gaseous pollutants (CO, NO2, SO2, NH3, total volatile organic compounds-TVOCs, and ground level O3) measured simultaneously at TIs were analysed. Results indicated significant decrease in mean concentrations of all pollutants studied except NO2 with 212% increase during the study period. Concentrations of gaseous pollutants CO, SO2, NH3, TVOCs and ground level O3 reduced by 7.92%, 24.80%, 1.58%, 44.08% and 4.28%, respectively while particulates concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and TSP concentrations decreased by 49.64%, 60.79%, 81.21% and 84.17%, respectively during lockdown. An integrated source apportionment approach using Pearson’s correlation, Airflow backward trajectories arriving in the study area and Principal component analysis (PCA) identified vehicular emission as the primary source of studied air pollutants at TIs before and during lockdown in Ibadan. Emission from residences, roadside fuel combustion and local air transport of pollutants from nearby upwind areas with industries and farming activities were identified as secondary sources of air pollution affecting the study area.
Aspirin inhibits proliferation of gastric cancer cells via IL 6/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Tang Shunyu , Liu Yun , Liu Changqing , Zhao Jiayun
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To study the effect of aspirin on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, and its key molecular mechanism of action.

Methods: Gastric cancer SGC7901 cells were treated with aspirin at concentrations of 0, 1, 2 and 4 mmol/L. Cell proliferation was measured using cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay, while messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cell apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Furthermore, the protein expression levels of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), Bcl-2 and Bax were evaluated by Western blotting.

Results: Compared with control group, 1, 2 and 4 mmol/L aspirin groups showed lower cell proliferation, and decreased mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax and IL-6 release at 24, 48 and 72 h (p < 0.05). Cell apoptosis in the aspirin groups was higher than in the control group. Also, compared with the control group, 1 mmol/L aspirin group did not exhibit significant changes in the expressions of STAT3 and p-STAT3 at 72 h. On the other hand, the 2 mmol/L aspirin group at 72 h and the 4 mmol/L aspirin group exhibited significant increases in the expressions of STAT3 and p-STAT3 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax declined in the aspirin groups when compared with the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Aspirin inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer SGC7901 cells, and induces their apoptosis in vitro in IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. The results of the current study may provide new insight into the treatment of gastric cancer.
Effect of a combination of general anesthesia and superficial cervical plexus block with ropivacaine on patients undergoing thyroidectomy
Authors: Chen Xiao , Qin Yan , Zhao Xing , Liu Zhihu , Qu Zhenhua
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of a combination of general anesthesia and superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) with ropivacaine on patients undergoing thyroidectomy.

Methods: Ninety-six (96) patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly divided into control and study group. Both groups were subjected to SCPB in combination with general anesthesia. Ropivacaine was used for SCPB in the study group. Vital signs, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and serum interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels were determined at various time points (T) after tracheal intubation. Occurrence of adverse reactions was recorded.

Results: Compared with the control group, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels from T1 to T5 were declined in study group (p < 0.01). VAS scores of study group were significantly lower at 12, 24, and 48 h after thyroidectomy than in control group (p < 0.05). At 5, 10 and 15 h after surgery, serum IL-1β level in study group was down-regulated (p < 0.05). Moreover, a marked decrease in the incidence of adverse reactions was also found in the study group post-surgery (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Ropivacaine is effective for SCPB in combination with general anesthesia in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. It is safer and more feasible in SCPB when combined with general anesthesia. However, further clinical trials are required to validate this technique.
Effect of a combination of Tuina therapy and budesonide inhalation on asthma in children, and its influence on lung function and pro inflammatory f actors
Authors: Li Hanyi , Zhang Xinmei , Zhao Qijun , Bai Xiang , Wang Shuying
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To determine the effect of a combination of Tuina therapy and budesonide inhalation on pediatric asthma, and its influence on lung function and levels of inflammatory factors.

Methods: Eligible 100 asthmatic children admitted to Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, from January 2019 to January 2021 were randomized either to a control group or study group (1:1). The patients in control group were treated with budesonide inhalation, while the study group was given Tuina therapy in combination with budesonide inhalation. Treatment effectiveness, levels of inflammatory factors, immune functions and number of infections were evaluated in the patients.

Results: The study group exhibited higher effectiveness profile versus the control group (96 vs 82 %; p < 0.05). After treatment, decreases were observed in the frequency of asthmatic attacks and number of respiratory infections in the two groups, with lower results in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05). There were marked decreases in the levels of IgG, TNF-α and IL-8 in both groups, with the study group showing higher reductions (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Combined treatment with Tuina and budesonide inhalation decreases the levels of inflammatory factors, regulates immune function, and improves lung function of asthmatic children. Further investigation in a larger population would be required to establish the mechanism and clinical value of this therapy.
Resveratrol protects against sepsis induced acute kidney injury in mice by inducing Klotho mediated apoptosis inhibition
Authors: Chen Yu , Ye Xiaoting , Jin Shasha , Huang Weixia , Chen Chaosheng , Chen Xinxin
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of resveratrol protection against sepsis-induced acute kidney injury in mice.

Methods: A sepsis-induced acute kidney injury model was established in mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Sixty healthy male ICR mice were randomly divided into the sham operation (sham) group, sepsis-induced acute kidney injury model (CLP) group, CLP + low-dose (20 mg/kg) resveratrol treatment (CLP + ResL) group, CLP + high-dose (40 mg/kg) resveratrol treatment (CLP + ResH) group and CLP + Klotho (0.01 mg/kg) treatment (CLP + Klotho) group. All mice were administered treatment on the day after surgery and once every 24 h for 3 days. Various serum biochemical parameters and protein expressions were evaluated.

Results: After CLP, the levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased and the pathology was exacerbated. The protein and mRNA expression levels of Klotho and Bcl-2 decreased, while those of Bax and Caspase-3 increased (p < 0.05). After resveratrol and Klotho protein intervention, Scr and BUN levels recovered, and pathological changes were alleviated. The protein and mRNA expression levels of Klotho and Bcl-2 increased, while those of Bax and Caspase-3 decreased. The conditions of the mice in CLP + ResH group and the CLP + Klotho group improved more significantly than those of the mice in the CLP + ResL group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Resveratrol upregulates the expression of endogenous Klotho to exert its antiapoptotic effects, which can protect the kidneys of mice against sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Thus, the compound has potentials for development for protection against acute kidney injury.
Fundamental cognitive-semantic theories in linguistics
Authors: Mushyrovska Nataliia , Kholod Inna , Neher Oksana , Zozulia Iryna , Pavliuk Iryna
Published: September 2022

The article studies fundamental cognitive-semantic theories (Langacker, Lakoff, Fillmore, Croft) used in linguistics. The paper shows the use of ideas that can change the educational system with the aim of improving the teaching of linguistic disciplines in higher education. The relevance of the study is to improve the education quality for linguistics specialists and the possibility of implementing the study results to improve the teaching methodology. Particular focus is on the theories, tools, and methods of teaching foreign languages, which are essential components of quality learning and the formation of knowledge and skills among students of linguistic specialties. The study aims to systematize the theoretical foundations and directions of the cognitive-semantic theory in linguistics to determine the relevance of teaching this theory to the educational process. In the course of the study, general scientific methods of knowledge are applied, in particular analysis and synthesis of theoretical and practical information, as well as methods of questioning and statistical methods of analysis. The hypothesis of the study: the system of basic theoretical innovations used in the complex of cognitive-semantic theories is effective in the field of humanities research. It is an effective tool in the learning process in process of learning foreign languages. The result of the study is to determine the need to study theories of linguistics, which represent effective directions in the postmodern mainstream. The article shows the place of cognitive-semantic theories in the modern practice of teaching foreign languages. The study’s practical significance lies in the possibility of applying the results in constructing foreign language learning methodologies in higher education institutions.
The use of english as Lingua Franca to overcome language barriers and raise the level of education in modern conditions
Authors: Kopchak Liliia , Zhumbei Marianna , Terletska Liubov , Konchovych Kateryna , Kanonik Nataliia
Published: September 2022

The present research considers the thesis about the determining role of English as a lingua franca. The purpose of the academic paper lies in establishing the features of teaching English as a lingua franca in educational university practices, as well as determining the mediation level of the Ukrainian educational environment in communication in English. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach, where a descriptive method is used to describe the theoretical material; statistical methods and the questionnaire method are used for implementation, processing and analysis of research results. The central place is devoted to the pedagogical experiment. The result of the research has shown the effectiveness of the using English as a lingua franca in the educational process; such practices have received positive feedback on the part of the participants of the educational process. Along with this, the evolution of English as a lingua franca in convergence has been revealed, as well as in the communication process of the participants of the educational process. In prospect, it is expedient to continue systematic studies of the evolution of educational discourse in the era of globalization, to determine the transformations of English as a lingua franca, cultural identity on communication.
indemnizaciones por despido injustificado y el art. 24 de la Carta Social Europea revisada: no hay dos condenas (Finlandia e Italia) sin tres (Francia)
Authors: Salcedo Beltrán Carmen
Published: September 2022

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REALIZATION OF THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF THE STATE CULTURAL POLICY IN NORTH OSSETIA AT THE END OF THE 20TH – THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURIES
Authors: Тургиева З.А. , Туаева Б.В.
Published: September 2022

В статье прослежены этапы и проанализированы основные направления деятельности государственных организаций в Республике Северная Осетия-Алания через призму историко-культурной составляющей в меняющемся российском государстве. Сегодня вопросы регулирования государственной культурной политики являются особенно актуальными. В сложившейся геополитической и социально-экономической обстановке важнейшими становятся ресурсы культурного развития страны, сохранения его единства через многообразие культур народов, населяющих Россию и ее регионы. На примере деятельности министерства культуры Северной Осетии рассматриваются особенности реализации государственных программ, национальных проектов, общественных инициатив, направленных на развитие культурной среды в постперестроечный период и на современном этапе. Важными составляющими этих процессов являются сохранение этнокультурной идентичности, материальных и нематериальных памятников культурного наследия, развитие человеческого потенциала, строительство культурной инфраструктуры и поддержка средств массовой информации. Изучение региональной культурной политики необходимо рассматривать в контексте истории общегосударственных трансформаций, с анализом деятельности профильных институтов развития и особенностей развития субъектов.

The article traces the stages and analyzes the main activities of state organizations in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania through the prism of the historical and cultural component in the changing Russian state. Today, the issues of regulation of state cultural policy are especially relevant. In the current geopolitical and socio-economic situation, the resources of the country's cultural development, the preservation of its unity through the diversity of cultures of the peoples inhabiting Russia and its regions, become the most important. On the example of the activities of the Ministry of Culture of North Ossetia, the features of the fullfilment of state programs, national projects, public initiatives aimed at developing the cultural environment in the post-perestroika period and at the present stage are considered. Important components of these processes are the preservation of ethnocultural identity, tangible and intangible monuments of cultural heritage, the development of human potential, the construction of cultural infrastructure and support for the media. The study of regional cultural policy should be considered in the context of the history of nationwide transformations, with an analysis of the activities of specialized development institutions and the features of the development of subjects.
Gene Expression of Sperm Associated Antigen 8 and Ran-Binding Protein 9 on Azoospermic Male : Its Association with Spermatogenic Arrest
Authors: Deviana Tanifan Christina Agusta , Suryandari Dwi Anita , Yunaini Luluk
Published: September 2022

Proteins that play an  important role in the transcription process during spermatogenesis are CREMs that bind to their ACT activators that are suspected to be regulated by SPAG8 and RANBP9. Until now the role of both genes in the spermatogenic arrest process is not known. This study aims to determine the relative expression of Spag8 and RanBP9 on spermatogenic arrest and to analyze the correlation of expression of both genes.
This study is a cross sectional study using a sample of testicular biopsy with Johnsen 2 to 8 score. Relative expression analysis of Spag8 and RanBP9 using qRT-PCR technique with Livak calculation. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using ANOVA one way test for Spag8 and Kruskal Wallis test for RanBP9 with significance value p <0,05. The results of this study show that the relative expression of Spag8 and RanBP9 is highest on Johnsen 3 scores and is statistically significantly different (p <0.05). There is a positive correlation with a very strong correlation strength between SPAG8 and RANBP9 expressions. Based on the results of this study shows that both of these genes are candidates for spermatogenic arrest.
Prevalencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica persistente posterior a corrección percutánea de coartación de aorta en pacientes pediátricos en el “centro medico nacional 20 de noviembre issste”
Authors: Aguilar Jesus Francisco Montalvo , Astudillo Axel Abraham Serrano , Sandoval Antonio Salgado , Arizmendi Ramon Alejandro Flores , Aguilar Humberto Garcia
Published: September 2022

La coartación de la aorta, es una cardiopatía congénita frecuente (aproximadamente 20 a 60 por cada 100,000 nacidos vivos) y se caracteriza por estenosis de la aorta descendente, habitualmente distal al origen de la subclavia izquierda, a la altura de la inserción del ligamento arterioso. Hay un predominio del sexo masculino y está asociada con otros defectos congénitos, como aorta bicúspide en el 50% de los casos. Los pacientes con coartación aórtica no corregida tienen una mala evolución clínica y una corta esperanza de vida, que en promedio es de 30 años, esencialmente por complicaciones asociadas a hipertensión arterial sistémica, persistiendo esta patología vascular en muchos  debido a  alteraciones en la regulación cardiovascular.
Programa de educación media en modalidad flexible para mujeres en contexto de encierro
Authors: Arévalo Cifuentes Joanne Jonathan
Published: September 2022

OBJETIVO: comprender la estructura curricular del programa de educación media en modalidad flexible, el cual generó un marco teórico que contextualizó las necesidades curriculares y los procesos de planificación pedagógica del Instituto Oficial de Educación Básica y Bachillerato por Madurez “Nueva Esperanza” que se encuentra en el interior del centro carcelario llamado Centro de Orientación Femenino en Fraijanes, Guatemala. MÉTODO: se aplicó la metodología del enfoque cualitativo con alcance de estudio exploratorio y diseño de investigación fenomenológico. Se eligieron como muestra de casos-tipo combinada con la muestra homogénea a 16 mujeres que comparten rasgos similares y se encuentran en condición de encierro. RESULTADOS: el análisis curricular demostró que la apreciación de los sujetos de investigación hacia el programa es negativa, debido a que se identificó que existe desconocimiento en la aplicación y desarrollo de los componentes curriculares del CNB en modalidad flexible. Por tal motivo, se evidenció un bajo índice en la atención a las necesidades de aprendizaje y desarrollo óptimo de competencias. CONCLUSIÓN: el análisis de la estructura curricular del programa de educación media en modalidad flexible, evidencia que se debe reestructurar el currículo educativo para que se adecue a las características particulares y necesidades educativas de la población privada de libertad guatemalteca.
Incidencia de las competencias docentes en la formación didáctica de los estudiantes
Authors: Equité Jolón Veronica Lucrecia
Published: September 2022

OBJETIVO: explicar cómo las competencias docentes inciden en la formación didáctica desde la percepción de los estudiantes de la Maestría en Docencia Universitaria de la FAHUSAC. MÉTODO: se realizó con un enfoque mixto, con alcance descriptivo y un diseño de triangulación concurrente.  La muestra fue elegida de forma intencional no probabilística, se trabajó con 26 estudiantes de los Ciclos II, III y IV, así como por 8 estudiantes graduados en el 2021. RESULTADOS: reflejaron que las competencias docentes que incidieron en su formación didáctica fueron la experiencia, el ejemplo, la tolerancia, la flexibilidad y la motivación.  Esto evidencia que las competencias de los docentes que inciden en la formación didáctica de los estudiantes son de tipo humano-social, predominando sobre las académicas y las administrativas. CONCLUSIÓN:  desde la percepción de los estudiantes de la Maestría en Docencia Universitaria, las competencias docentes inciden en su formación didáctica de manera positiva cuando los catedráticos los motivan, les demuestran paciencia, les brindan confianza y son un ejemplo positivo de cómo realizar la docencia, también pueden incidir de manera negativa cuando generan miedo, reflejan falta de vocación, tienen poca paciencia y no realimentan el trabajo que desarrollan.
Factores familiares y psicológicos que influyen en el rendimiento de la lectoescritura
Authors: Castro Gutiérrez Vilma Celeste
Published: September 2022

OBJETIVO: indagar sobre los factores familiares y psicológicos más frecuentemente identificados que influyen en el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en niños y niñas de primer grado. MÉTODO: se abordó desde un enfoque cualitativo con un diseño fenomenológico y un alcance descriptivo, con fundamentación teórica y sistematización de resultados basados en entrevistas con una muestra de 20 niños y un docente.

RESULTADOS:  de las entrevistas se refleja que los factores que influyen en el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en los niños y niñas son la falta de apoyo de los padres y madres de familia a raíz del analfabetismo también existe abandono de hogar por empleo. Las situaciones a las que se enfrenta la docente dentro del aula son inasistencia a clases, desmotivación por falta de apoyo de los progenitores hacia sus hijos, problemas de aprendizaje, enfermedades virales, trabajo infantil. CONCLUSIÓN: se concluye que el padre y madre de familia influye en gran escala en el rendimiento que desempeñe el niño dentro del aula, la falta de apoyo de algunos padres de familia, producen desmotivación, inasistencia a clases, hiperactivismo, los problemas de aprendizaje se pueden dar por enfermedades virales, desintegración familiar, trabajo infantil, todo repercute a cambios conductuales en el niño.
Neurociencia del aprendizaje, neurociencia transcultural, motivación y autorregulación en los procesos de formación
Authors: Espino Sosa Sergio Armando , Estrada Fernández Elsa María , Garza Marroquín Rossemery Alicia , Julián Méndez Deisy Zuleny , Martínez Mejía Sandra Patricia , Salazar Peralta Edgar Benjamín , Villeda de la Cruz Mónica Marilú Viviana , Villela Cervantes Claudia Esmeralda
Published: September 2022

OBJETIVO: determinar la importancia que tiene la neurociencia del aprendizaje, neurociencia transcultural, motivación y autorregulación desde el enfoque de cómo funciona el cerebro, para utilizarla en beneficio de la educación. MÉTODO: es descriptivo, se hizo una revisión bibliográfica del tema. RESULTADOS: canalizar las emociones, para obtener un mejor aprendizaje, regular de buena manera hábitos y actividades diarias como el sueño, la alimentación y la ejercitación, que favorezcan las condiciones cerebrales. En la neuroeducación, se destacan tres factores, la atención, la emoción y la memoria. La autorregulación es una herramienta fundamental que permite el manejo óptimo de las emociones. CONCLUSIÓN: el cerebro es de los órganos más complejos que tiene el ser humano, está vinculado directamente con el aprendizaje. La neurociencia ayuda a comprender los problemas de aprendizaje y a reconocer cómo el cerebro procesa la información, la ejecuta y toma decisiones.