bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On LCD codes over Z
4
Authors: Thakral Ridhima , Dutt Sucheta , Sehmi Ranjeet
Published: July 2021

Linear complementary dual(LCD) codes are being utilized to protect cryptographic implementations from side-channel and fault attacks. In this work, LCD codes over the ring Z
4 are examined. It is observed that an LCD cyclic code over Z
4 of odd length is always reversible. However, the converse of this result does not hold. A suitable example to validate this statement is presented. Further, a necessary and sufficient condition for a reversible cyclic code of odd length to be an LCD code is obtained. Finally, it is found that among cyclic codes of length 2
k
, no non-trivial LCD code exists.
An IOT Based Crop Selection And Productivity Enhancement System For Indian Farmers
Authors: Viswanath Dhanya , Ubalanka Vidya , Jose Anu
Published: July 2021

A very large section of the Indian population depends on farming to meet their ends. But due to several reasons - natural or man-made, not limited to weather, proper irrigation mechanisms and finance, many a section of this society are often unable to reach their expected sustenance. A proper guidance mechanism that helps the farmers or aspirants select the suitable choice of crop to be cultivated in an area based on the climatic and soil conditions will increase the agricultural productivity per unit of land. In this paper, we propose a predictive system that aids the farmers in crop selection based on different climatic and soil parameters available from a dataset pertaining to Indian subcontinent. An IOT system will determine the climatic (temperature, humidity etc) and soil (pH, moisture, etc) conditions in the area of choice. This is input to the predictive system which predicts the choice of crop. The developed system can be adopted to achieve a healthy crop growth that can be adapted by agricultural practices.
Inverse majority neighborhood number for composition product of graphs
Authors: Dhivya T , Paulraj Jayasimman I , Joseline Manora J
Published: July 2021

In this paper we have found composition product of two paths using Inverse majority neighborhood number parameter.
Path and Star Decomposition of Knodel and Fibonacci Digraphs
Authors: Reji Kumar K , Mathew Jasmine
Published: July 2021

In broadcasting and gossiping, communication structures are modelled using graphs. In simplex model, a communication link sends messages in a particular direction. The simplex network is modelled by directed graphs. Certain Knodel graphs are optimal broadcast graphs. This article defines the two layer representation of Knodel digraphs and Fibonacci digraphs-both are symmetric regular bipartite digraphs. A Knodel digraph is a symmetric digraph produced by replacing each edge of an undirected Knodel graph by a symmetric pair of directed edges. A Fibonacci digraph is a symmetric digraph produced by replacing each edge of an undirected Fibonacci graph by a symmetric pair of directed edges. Decomposition of a given graph is the partitioning of edge set so that the given graph is split in to sub-structures. If all such sub-structures are isomorphic, the decomposition is isomorphic decomposition. The isomorphic decomposition of the Knodel digraphs and Fibonacci digraphs in to isomorphic paths and stars is presented. The star decomposition of both Knodel digraph and Fibonacci digraph leads to the decomposition of equi-bipartite complete digraphs in to two classes of stars.
BIPOLAR FUZZY CENTRED TEXTURE DI TOPOLOGICAL SPACES
Authors: Nandhini R. , Amsaveni D.
Published: July 2021

The bipolar fuzzy theory is a very effective tool for addressing real life problems in various field such as disease diagnosis, spatial information, image processing and engineering etc. The novel concepts of bipolar fuzzy centred system and bipolar fuzzy centred texture di topological spaces are introduced. Then we established the significance of bipolar fuzzy centred texture compactness, bipolar fuzzy centred texture nearly compactness and discussed some interesting characterizations on it. Finally, defined the idea of bipolar fuzzy centred texture nearly stable and bipolar fuzzy centred texture nearly co stable and its properties are also studied.
A Multi-Tier Trust-Based Security Model (MTTS) for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices to Detect Blackhole Devices and ensure Authentication
Authors: Prathapchandran K
Published: July 2021

In the Internet of Things based military environment, to achieve an assigned task without compromising security concern is a challenging task. Resource-constrained devices, Self-organized, disseminated nature of sensor nodes, unstable topology environment, open wireless medium, and shared network environment make IoT differ from other networks. All together leads to security threats to the IoT environment. The success of any IoT based application depends on effective communication among the devices that can be achieved by routing protocols. Typically, they designed to cope with fruitful communication but in effect, they might be targeted and affected by mischievous devices. Blackhole devices are such devices that aim to disturb the normal routing operations. But the identification of trusted devices that means authentication needs to be provided for successful task completion. At present, trust management plays an important part in prediction construction and appropriate for resource-strained devices. In this article, a multi-dimensional trust-based security model is proposed to guarantee authentication by avoiding blockhole devices based on direct, indirect, sense-making, social, and stereotypes. In addition, the q-learning mechanism is used to enhance the proposed method. The simulation study represents the applicability of the projected model.
Trust Based Security Mechanisms for Resource-Constrained Internet of Things-A Review
Authors: Prathapchandran K. , Rutravigneshwaran P.
Published: July 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) defined as the assembling of real-world objects that are connected over the Internet to make human lives become well-being. The implementation and success of an IoT depend on how it’s secured. But providing security is a critical task because of various natures of IoT devices such as shared and open environment, a wide range of communication protocols, standards, self-organized, lack of central control, heterogeneity of devices, etc. To provide security solutions and mechanisms, key management, cryptographic mechanisms such as private and public-key cryptography, Intrusion Detection System (IDS), and hash functions have been used. Though it is working well, it is not suitable for lightweight IoT devices. Because of such mechanisms always demand high computational, memory, and processing. To overcome these issues, researchers have chosen trust management for providing security. In this article, some of the trust-based solutions have presented. Besides, security issues, security loopholes/attacks in various layers of IoT, security requirements, trust management in IoT, properties of trust, trust management building blocks, the role of trust management in IoT, basic trust calculation methods have presented.
The connected domination polynomial of some graph constructions
Authors: Yoosuf Rafia , Kuttipulackal Preethi
Published: July 2021

The connected domination polynomial of a connected graph G of order n is the polynomial

D

c

[
G
,
x
]
=

∑

i
=

γ

c

n

d

c

(
G
,
i
)

x

i

, where d

c
(G, i) is the number of connected dominating sets of G of cardinality i and γc

(G) is the connected domination number of G [5]. In this paper we find the polynomial D

c
(G, x) for some constructive graphs.
Analysis of Critical Path by Using Fuzzy Triangular Numbers
Authors: Anjalmose S. , Manju Parkavi K.
Published: July 2021

The main aim of this paper is to find the critical path by using triangular fuzzy numbers, Fuzzy total float, free float and Independent floats are introduced and we discussed this with the suitable examples.
Nonexistence of Kneser solution for third order nonlinear neutral delay differential equations
Authors: Elayaraja R. , Sathish Kumar M. , Ganesan V.
Published: July 2021

The achieved sufficient conditions for nonexistence of so-called Kneser solutions are based on the new comparison principles, which help us decrease the problem of the wavering between the third and first-order equations. Examples are given to prove the significance of new theorems.
Optimal Control Analyze the Bulk arrival Queueing system using Estimation Theory
Authors: Kumar Bharathi Ramesh , Narayansamy Pothiraj , Bhuvaneswari Subramanian
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we analyze the system performance in FM/FM(k)/∞ using Estimation theory. Initially, we convert Erlang queueing system into fuzzy Erlang system, using Alpha – cut method and obtain different possible values of
α
. Finally, using Robust ranking method it’s helpful to measure the defuzzification values and analyzes the unique optimization of system performance.
On Fuzzy soft Regularly nowhere dense sets
Authors: Poongothai E. , Divyapriya S.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, several characterizations of fuzzy soft regularly nowhere dense sets, fuzzy soft regularly dense, fuzzy soft regularly residual, several examples are given to illustrate the concepts introduced in this paper.
Oscillatory behavior of solutions of certain third-order neutral differential equation with continuously distributed delay
Authors: Sathish Kumar M. , Ganesan V.
Published: July 2021

This paper concerns the oscillatory behavior of the solutions of the third-order neutral differential equation with continuously distributed delay. We prove many new sufficient conditions which ensure that every solution to be either oscillatory or converges to zero asymptotically. Examples dwelling upon the importance of our theorems are also included.
Global exponential stability analysis of anti-periodic of discontinuous BAM neural networks with time-varying delays
Authors: Radhakrishnan N. , Kodeeswaran R. , Raja R. , Maharajan C. , Stephen A.
Published: July 2021

Discontinuous system is playing an increasingly important role in terms of both theory and applications. In this paper, we are concerned with discontinuous BAM (bidirectional associative memory) neural networks with time-varying delays. Under the basic framework of Filippov solution, by means of differential inclusions theory, inequality technique, fundamental solution matrix of coefficients and the non-smooth analysis theory with Lyapunov-like approach, some new sufficient criteria are given to ascertain the existence and globally exponential stability of the anti-periodic solutions for the considered BAM neural networks. Simulation results of two topical numerical examples are exploited to illustrate the improvement and advantages of the established theoretical results in comparison with some existing results. Some previous known results are extended and complemented.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Regular Grammars
Authors: Rajasekar M , Thilagavathi T S
Published: July 2021

In this paper, Inspired by the Fuzzy regular grammar, a new approach is proposed as the Intutionistic fuzzy regular grammars.
A Finite Source Two Commodity Inventory System with Retrial Demands and Multiple Server Vacation
Authors: Senthil Kumar P.
Published: July 2021

Consider a two commodity continuous review inventory system with a finite number of homogeneous sources generating demands. The maximum storage capacity for the commodity - i is S

i
(i = 1, 2). We adopt a joint reordering policy for placing orders. The lead time for the delivery of orders is assumed to have an exponential distribution. An arriving demand receives either commodity - 1 or commodity - 2 according to a Bernoulli trial. The commodities are assumed to be substitutable in the sense that during the zero stock of any commodity, the demand for that commodity can be met by the unit of the other commodity. The server goes for a vacation of an exponentially distributed duration whenever the inventory level of both commodities reaches zero. If the server finds empty stock when he returns to the system, he immediately takes another vacation. The demands that occur during stock-out period or during the server vacation period enter into the orbit of finite size. These orbiting demands retry for their demand after a random time, which is assumed to be an exponential distribution. The joint probability distribution of the inventory level and the number of demands in the orbit is obtained in the steady state case. Various system performance measures in the steady state are derived and the long-run total expected cost rate is calculated.
Analytical solution of the first order coupled differential equation system
Authors: Ampun Sirinya , Nuntadilok Buraskorn
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the Adomian decomposition method together with a property of nested integral are used to solve a class of coupled systems of first-order ordinary differential equation. Some examples are given to show the effectiveness of this method.
An approach to the study of fuzzy rough prime ideal extensions of semigroups
Authors: Subha V S , Thillaigovindan N , Chinnadurai V , Sharmila S
Published: July 2021

Fuzzy rough set is a pair of lower and upper approximations of fuzzy set in a fuzzy approximation space. This paper studies the extension of fuzzy rough prime and semi-prime ideals in semigroups. Then we introduce the composition theory on fuzzy rough set. Finally some new characterization of semigroups by the properties of composition on fuzzy rough ideal extension are given.
An integrated framework for knowledge based obstacle information system with image processing techniques
Authors: Vasumathy M
Published: July 2021

One of the most important reasons of car accidents are collisions with vehicles that are not visible to a driver. This is why driver warning systems are developed. The main threat for a driver on the highway comes from the surrounding vehicles especially when the driver is not aware of the close presence generally known as driver’s blind spot. An area in and around the vehicle that cannot be directly observed by the driver are known as blind spots. Image processing plays a vital role in this scenario to safe guard drivers from sudden obstacles and blind spots. The pre-processed sequences of images acquired using front and rear camera of a vehicle are considered to train the case base reasoning (CBR) model, which detects the presence of dangerous objects in the blind spot area. To distinguish near and far obstacles, the same CBR model is used with a specified threshold in the vehicle blind spot area. The proposed knowledge based obstacle information system obtains promising results with standard blind spot camera which can improve safety of the driver and has the potential to be applied in vehicular applications for the detection of obstacles and blind spot area.
Machine Learning Strategies for Predicting Crop Diseases
Authors: Ubalanka Vidya , Jose Anu , Viswanath Dhanya
Published: July 2021

Prevalence of crop diseases is a major hindrance for successful crop production. These diseases can be identified in less time and more accurate using Machine Learning (ML) strategies as compared to any manual approach. Agronomy plays a key role in anticipating crop diseases at an early stage. With the advent of computer vision, plants can be classified as diseased or healthy by extracting architectural characteristics of a leaf using various image processing techniques. Support Vector Machines (SVM) classification technique is used in distinguishing between diseased and healthy leaf from the datasets that are publicly available. SVM method exhibited high fitting and predictive precision. The proposed paper is organized in various steps such as identifying the features, extraction of features using a computer vision technique known as Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), model training and testing. Predominantly, crop diseases on a larger scale are predicted by harmonizing speed and accuracy using computer vision and machine learning strategies.
Effect of K-Factor on Capability in Power Transformers
Authors: Apryansyah Muhammad , Iwa Garniwa MK
Published: July 2021

Harmonic currents generated by nonlinear loads can cause overheating and premature failure of power transformers. According to IEEE Std C57.110TM - 2008, Eddy Current losses are considered proportional to the harmonic current squared multiplied by the harmonic number. This paper will discuss 2 case studies, namely: a transformer without using a harmonic filter and a transformer using a harmonic filter. This research was conducted by measuring the amount of harmonics in arc furnace customers using power quality analysis equipment for 7 days. From the research results obtained indicate that the value of the k-factor is inversely proportional to the maximum transformer capability and is directly proportional to the decrease in transformer capability. So that the transformer that is installed using a harmonic filter has a k-factor value and derating capability is smaller than the transformer without using a harmonic filter, in order not to derating capability of the transformer without using a harmonic filter or a transformer that uses a harmonic filter, it is necessary to use the K-Factor Transformer K-4.
Identifying the Impact of Noise-Levels on Mental Stress: An EEG-fNIRS Study
Authors: Alyan Emad , Saad Naufal M. , Kamel Nidal , Al-Bawri Samir Salem , Azman Zakariya Mohd , Abdul Rahman Mohammad
Published: July 2021

Stress is a complex response that begins when people are exposed to various stressors, including psychological and environmental factors, which are associated with negative cognitive effects. However, little is known about their interactions within the brain. This research aimed to examine the influence of low and high noise levels in the workplace on changes in brain activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during stressful psychological tasks by measuring synchronized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG). The results showed a decreased oxygenated haemoglobin (HbO) concentrations in the right dorsolateral PFC and part of the frontopolar area when exposed to higher noise levels compared to lower levels. Results also showed a higher correlation between fNIRS-HbO and EEG-alpha power under stress conditions compared to other EEG bands. We suggest that higher levels of noise in the workplace may be directly related to increased psychological stress.
Pseudo-Differential Transconductor Circuit for a Low Supply Voltage Application
Authors: Mohd Sabari Nur Diyana Izni bt , Abu Bakar Faizah bt , Azizan Anishaziela bt , Zainol Murad Sohiful Anuar
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a pseudo-differential transconductor circuit. Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) is a standout amongst the most functional and major circuit elements within the analog and mixed-signal circuit style. It is additionally one of the more intricate cells to plan. Due to the rising performance of new generation MOS transistors, the complexity of integrated circuit is continuously increasing with time. The reduction in component sizing is one of the main reasons for integrating millions of transistors into a single chip. There is a great demand for battery powered equipment like a laptop, wireless communication, and implantable devices. In all these devices, it is essential to maintain low power dissipation to achieve good battery life and weight. The main feature of the research is to design a pseudodifferential transconductor circuit for a low supply voltage application with the targeted gain greater than 20 dB using Mentor Graphics software. The designs are done in Pyxis Schematic and Pyxis Layout using eldo platform for simulation to simulate the functionality of the transconductor circuit. From the postlayout simulation, with supply voltage of 1.2 V, the gain of 30 dB with cut-off frequency of 398 kHz has been achieved.
Design of 2.4GHz Two Stages Cascode Class E Power Amplifier for Wireless Application
Authors: Yi Koh Siang , Murad S.A.Z , Mohyar S.N.
Published: July 2021

A low-power consumption internet-connected device has received considerable attention in recent years. Power amplifier (PA) is the most significant block in radio frequency (RF) transceivers because the PA consumes high power. Therefore, an efficient and low power consumption (PA) are necessary for wireless applications. This paper presents the design of 2.4 GHz two stage with cascode class E power amplifier for wireless application using CMOS 0.13-μm technology. The proposed design employed two stage topology with cascode class E configuration in order to achieve high efficiency. The simulation results show that the proposed PA delivers 35 % power added efficiency (PAE) and 22.6 dBm output power with 3.3 V power supply into a 50 Ω load.
Document Parsing Tool for Language Translation and Web Crawling using Django REST Framework
Authors: Alnavar Kruthika , Kumar R Uday , Babu C Narendra
Published: July 2021

There are 7.5 billion inhabitants and over 7,117 languages existing around the world, but only 20% of the people speak English. To understand the wisdom and knowledge of other cultures language translation becomes a basic need. In this paper, a computer-assisted document parsing tool is investigated. The proposed approach uses a language translator that performs translation from images eliminating the need of a human translator for images avoiding the scope for misinterpretation and misunderstanding among people of different ethnic groups. The proposed tool is also capable of performing web crawling using Django Representational State Transfer framework. Further, the proposed approach employs Python packages such as pytesseract, textblob and beautifulsoup to perform Optical Character Recognition, Translation and Extraction of Hypertext Markup Language data respectively. Experimental results of translation on four different categories of images such as Maps, Comics, Newspapers and Magazines, Scientific Publications demonstrate an accuracy of 97.2%, 93.3%, 95.82% and 98.27% respectively. By considering websites like E-commerce, Magazines, Blogs, Social Media, News and Educational sites average precision of 5.4, recall of 7.45 and F-score of 6.24 is achieved. The results reveal that the proposed system can be used as an improvement over a human translator and a data entry operator.
The Effect of Multidimensional Factors on Organizational Adoption of Enterprise Architecture: The Moderating Role of Organization Type
Authors: Ahmad Nor Azizah , Drus Sulfeeza Mohd. , Kasim Hairoladenan
Published: July 2021

This study explains the effects of organization type on the relationship between multidimensional factors and enterprise architecture (EA) adoption from the perspective of the organization. This study employs the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework to develop and test the model to explain EA adoption intention. Despite the importance of EA adoption in the public sector, very few empirical studies examined the key factors of EA adoption by public sector organizations and there remains a paucity of evidence on the moderating effect of organization type in the adoption of EA. This study underpinned the technology adoption model of TOE framework. A questionnaire was operationalized to measure the perceptions of Malaysian public sector organizations towards factors influencing EA adoption intention. Data collected through a survey covering 255 validated responses were analyzed using SMART-PLS tool. The results of the survey suggest that good governance, expected benefits and moderating effect have significant effects on EA adoption intention. In addition, organization type in the Malaysian public sector plays different roles on the relationships of good governance and expected benefit towards organizations’ EA adoption. Interestingly, adequate ICT infrastructure, external support and top management support were found as insignificant factors in this study. The study includes implications for academic researchers, decision-makers and practitioners to understand the influence of multidimensional factors and effectively conclude on the adoption process. The decision-makers can use the EA adoption model as a baseline for boosting EA adoption among MPS organizations.
Digital Image Recovery Based on Lifting Wavelet Transform
Authors: Taha Taha Basheer , Taha Dujan B. , Ngadiran Ruzelita , Ehkhan Phaklen
Published: July 2021

Recently, with the wide distribution of digital media, the need for authenticating digital images was increased. Therefore, many image tamper detection and recovery algorithms were introduced in literature to detect malicious modifications and retrieve the original images. The process of detection and recovery, however, used to have complex operation which requires long processing time. In this paper, a simplified image recovery algorithm is presented by using lifting wavelet transform. In the proposed method, the approximation band is hidden inside the bits of the original image and to be retrieved without relying on source image. For images with hidden data, the average PSNR and SSIM values were 31.22 and 0.977 respectively, and images were successfully retrieved after block attack.
Design and Simulation of a Small Power Two-Bit MC Circuit via Full Adder Logic
Authors: Bhattacharjee Soumik , Vyakaranam Aparna , Svpk Devu Satya , Shameem SSS , Sulo Rafida , Zainuddin Ahmad Anwar
Published: July 2021

In Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) systems, a magnitude comparator (MC) is a component of Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) used to make binary decisions. Recent technologies demand the use of power-efficient methodologies as well as techniques that require a lesser number of transistors. In this paper, a magnitude comparator is developed using full adder design logic. Full adders are basic components of the ALU which is the logical and arithmetical unit of the microprocessors and Digital Signal Processing (DSP). This design consumes less power and area when compared to other logic styles in the literature. The proposed comparator has been designed using DSCH 3.5 and simulations are done on Microwind 3.5 via 0.12 μ technologies. This comparator shows a power consumption of 31.746μW using 36 transistors. The proposed design exhibits a full adder logic-based comparator with less power consumption and transistor count as compared to those in recent literature.
Comparative Study of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs)
Authors: Asri L I M , Ariffin W N S F W , Zain A S M , Nordin J , Saad N S
Published: July 2021

Renewable energy (RE) resources have shown impressive growth globally, as these sources do not provide enough amount that is readily adaptable to consumer needs, it can rarely allow an immediate response to demand. However, intermittency in RE supply (RES) sources, combined with fluctuating demand shifts over time, has caused a high risk of sustaining system reliability to provide customers with sufficient supply. The excess energy produced by RESs can be stored in a myriad of ways and used later during shortages or intermittent periods. This study was carried out to understand how to provide energy storage to create a future built environment where RE systems play an essential role. There are different types of a storage system with different characteristic, parameters, and costs. This paper highlights the chronology, classification, characteristic, comparison, and assessment of ESSs and energy storage systems deployment.
Smart Electronic Switching (ON/OFF) System Based on Real-time Detection of Hand Location in the Video Frames
Authors: Taban Duaa A. , Al-Zuky Ali , Kafi Shaymaa H. , Al-Saleh Anwar H. , Mohamad Haidar J.
Published: July 2021

Human looking forward to living in a modern and comfortable environment like smart houses. In this study, an effective user-friendly smart home prototype designed with low cost. The prototype contains eight of Light Emitting Diode (LED) considered as home appliances and controlled in real-time using eight suggested hand cases. The hand cases have different position regarded to head and shoulder levels. The hand position is detected using a new suggested algorithm programmed in Matlab software. Viola-Jones method used to detect hand in a complex background (hand with a different background) by training computer using positive (hand) and negative (non-hand) image datasets. To make computer training faster and accurate, a new idea depends on a skin detection used before computer training to determine the location and size of all positive images automatically. The LEDs in prototype switched ON/OFF using the suggested hand cases in a fast time. Where the response time of LEDs to hand cases was 0.43 second.
Synthesis and characterization of metastable phases of SnO and Sn3O4 thin films for solar cells applications
Authors: Fadaam Suha. A. , Ali Hiba M. , Salih Ayad.Ahmed. , Obaid Maithm.A. , Sabeeh Ali Ali , Habubi Nadir F.
Published: July 2021

Meta stable phase of SnO as stoichiometric compound is deposited utilizing thermal evaporation technique under high vacuum onto glass and p-type silicon. These films are subjected to thermal treatment under oxygen for different temperatures (150,350 and 550 °C ). The Sn metal transformed to SnO at 350 oC, which was clearly seen via XRD measurements, SnO was transformed to a nonstoichiometric phase at 550 oC. AFM was used to obtain topography of the deposited films. The grains are combined compactly to form ridges and clusters along the surface of the SnO and Sn3O3 films. Films were transparent in the visible area and the values of the optical band gap for (150,350 and 550 °C ) 3.1, 2.7and 2.4 eV respectively. AFM shows that the granular size of all films increases by increasing the oxidation temperature. The PL emission results were matched the results of the optical energy gap. The solar parameters for the three phases are studied to obtain the efficiency, which were found to be 2%, 3.7%,5.1
Large-Maximal submodules
Authors: Abduljaleel Amira A. , Yaseen Sahira M.
Published: July 2021

The goal of this research is to introduce the concept of Large-maximal submodule, also we will consider some properties of it, such that a proper submoduleNof an R-moduleMis said to be Large-maximal (L-maximal) submodule ofMif there exists a submoduleKofMsuch thatN < K ≤ M,thenKis essential submodule ofM (K ≤eM).
Influence of magnetic field on the characteristics of n-type PSi prepared by photo-electro-chemical etching process
Authors: Khalaf Akram A. , Attallah Ali H. , Dheyab Amer B. , Alwan Alwan M.
Published: July 2021

The surface uniformity of porous silicon (PSi) morphologies will enhance the overall properties of the PSi layer. In this study, the role of perpendicular magnetic field (MF) on structural, optical, and electrical properties of (PSi) substrates are reported. The (PSi) is prepared with a photo-electrochemical etching process in the front-side illumination pathway with and without a perpendicular magnetic field (MF). The application of (MF) on the path of the electric charge carrier leads to modify the morphologies of PSi surface. The pores shape, sizes, orientation, and homogeneity, and electrical properties will vary with the (MF). The role of (MF) will contribute to an increase in the number of pores and decrease the overlapping process. And also, promotes the orientation of the relatively more defined pores across the Psi surface. The observed noticeable changes in PL spectra, electrical properties, and charge carrier transport mechanisms may be owing to the surface reconstruction process. The influence of (MF) on the characteristics of Au thin layer / PSi/c-Si/Al structures will lead to converting its behavior from the resistor to Schottky-like junction.
Computing the reliability of a complex network using two techniques
Authors: Abd Alsharify Fouad Hamza , Haddi Hassan Zahir Abdul
Published: July 2021

To find the reliability of any complex network, we need to convert it into a simple network to facilitate the process of reliability calculation. In this paper we simplify a complex network into a simple network by using two techniques, in the first technique “reduction method” the complex network was converted into a parallel network, while in the second technique “delta - star method”, the complex network has been transformed into a series network. The 2nd technique is based on the 1st technique in finding the reliability of a subnetwork. At the end of the research, a comparison between these two methods was made.
Atmospheric stability classes and its effect on co concentration emission around Kirkuk refinery
Authors: Saleh Sajjad H , Hassoon Ahmed F
Published: July 2021

Atmospheric stability defines as the atmospheric tendency to reduce or intensify vertical motion, in other words, suppress or enhance existing turbulence, thus atmospheric stability play important role in transport and dispersion of air pollutant. In This study relationship between air pollutant of CO gases in 2019 resulted from burning three types of fuels (fuel gas, gas oil, naphtha) in 8 production units inside Kirkuk refinery (located in north-east of Iraq), and atmospheric stability analysis in different directions to know the effect of atmospheric stability classes on the emission of CO poison gas. Atmospheric element such as wind speed, cloud amount and solar altitude used by the Turner method to calculate seven stability classes, these classes are compared with CO pollutant at a different distance from the source point. From samples taken from stacks and fuels burned in a refinery, emission rate and exist velocity from 11 stacks calculated and used to estimated CO gas by Gaussian equation for dispersion at two months (January, July) in 2019. The comparison values of the concentrations with the distances from the point source for January and July was carefully examined, as it was noticed that the concentrations during the month’s classes B and F varieties in percent between January and July reach %120 - %170, while in the rest classes C, D, and G were close to 80% it decreases with the distance through (1000m– 10000m) by 81% - 59%, in Class A and E There is a difference in one of the two months.
Medical Image Authentication by Combining Hash Signature and Watermarking Based on Frequency Domains
Authors: Jabbar Amira K. , Hashim Ashwaq T. , Hassan Qussay F.
Published: July 2021

Medical images are transmitted to other remote places through the E-healthcare system. The protection of medical images is very crucial. Medical images need to be protected against any modification which the attacker may do through the unsecured channel. It is necessary for inspecting the integrity of the ROI (Region of Interest) of the received medical image prior to the adoption of any diagnostic decision to avoid a misdiagnosis. This paper aimed to confirm the integrity and authenticity of medical images by combining the hash signature with the watermarking technique based on the frequency domains. At first, the medical image is divided into ROI and RONI (Region of Non-Interest). The SLT and DCT transformations are employed together to extract the essential features set from ROI and then combined with EPR (Electronic Patient Registration) to produce a watermark, and then it is encoded by a chaotic map with a secret key to provide a signature. On the other hand, the RONI is mapping into randomly subblocks based on the linear system, and then the Signature is embedded in the chosen block using DWT. The hash code of the recovered image and EPR will be compared with the extracted watermark for integrity and authenticity. The experimental results demonstrate the watermark’s robustness against many of the more aggressive and geometric signal processing distortions without affecting the quality of the original medical image. In particular, compared with state-of-the-art technology, the proposed algorithm improves the average NC value larger than 0.90 under all types of attacks.
Investigation of properties of selective Laser sintering of Titanium alloy composite
Authors: Abdul Razzaq Ghassan Hassan , Jafar Saad A , Humadi Jasim I
Published: July 2021

A wide range of material utilized in Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) method opens the research thrust in the Additive Manufacturing (AM) or Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) technology for the researchers There are many works done on materials like polymer metal composite ceramics & sand under SLS method to enhance the quality & mechanical properties of parts described through optimizing the process parameters Still there is a wide scope to optimize the SLS process parameters which are using materials such as sand ceramics & metals Also among the different response variables available the impact of surface roughness on SLS stainless steel metal parts & the quality of sand mould casting parts have not yet been analyzed Further if the gap of the influencing process parameters on different materials is fulfilled, the operator can easily utilize the SLS process before carrying out the actual process The main objective of this s focuses on the design & investigation of SLS process parameter & final part properties Also a manual suggestive process parameter selection methodology has developed for the laser sintering processes.
Platforms of IoT for Detection and Diagnosis covid_19 :
Authors: Kadim Reham Basim , Ali Hussien Naseer
Published: July 2021

As a result of the spread of Coronavirus very quickly. The difficulty of controlling its spread. Moreover, the lack of a specific mechanism to limit the spread of the Coronavirus. The role of the Internet of Things has emerged in the fight against the Corona pandemic. This paper reviews the Internet platform, for things to diagnose and fight Coronavirus that help to control this disease with its sensors as well as various tools. that help to limit its spread also prevent human rapprochement. Furthermore, this paper discusses the most important approaches that assist in diagnosing this disease. In addition to networks, the role of the Internet in dealing with this virus is addressed at the end of this paper.
Forecasting neural networks, such as forecasting sale the plastic injection machine market
Authors: Khalid Hind
Published: July 2021

The aim of this research is to show what benefits the use of neural networks in forecasting processes can bring, among its development through out the years considering different kinds of mathematical methods. The software applications that have been developed recently for forecasting processes are neural and AI-based. Data entries from previous months are used in mathematical methods to calculate and predict sales in a company. By the use of these neural and AI-based processes, predictions of whether company sales will go up or down the next month can be made. This research will help to better understand the process behind these predictions and how the developments of neural networks come into place.
Development of Effectiveness Method of Wireless Segments in Information System
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Q. , Muhamed Saif Q. , Taresh Ali Hasan
Published: July 2021

This research aiming is more efficient information system on the basis of the development and practical application of methods and models that enable the preliminary assessment of the feasibility of wireless segments (WS) or the choice of rational structure of WS. Thus, the comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed options for the structure to use the wireless segment in the information system that we consider is the actual problem. To Developing a method of assessing the efficacy of WS in the information system which is the basic method of evaluating options for the structures is the method of WS activity-based costing. By using developed and the proposed methods and models for reducing time-consuming complexity of work with a preliminary assessment of whether to apply a different option structures WS, increase the efficiency of the preparation of recommendations on the choice of rational structure of WS among the options for upgrading or development of IP business or organization. In this paper, methods have been used for assessing the efficacy of RBCs in the information system. The research focused on efficient information system on the basis of the development and practical application of methods and models that enable the preliminary assessment of the feasibility of WS or the choice of rational structure of WS.
Determining the excitation energies of 68Ni Nucleus a Function of the Coupling Angle ¸a,bBy Means of Modified Surface Delta-Interaction
Authors: Hameed Dalal Naji , Khalaf Hasan Ali
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the nuclear shell model SM was applied to study the energy levels of the nucleus the effect of orbit on energy levels was studied,we consider the residual interaction to be modified surface delta interaction MSDI. We have studied the excitation energies of the 68Ni a nucleus, which contain two neutrons outside closed shell of the 66Ni. the computation of eigenvalues of 68Ni is performed in the frame of (1 p1/2 0g9/2) and (1 _p1/2 0g9/2 0d5/2), we search the effect of the orbital 0d5/2 on the energy levels. The energy levels and angular momentum of all possible cases were investigated. Thus, we have worked on a theoretical process to discover the relation between the energy levels and the classical coupling angle ¸a,b at different orbital within neutron - neutron interaction. Accordingly, We have noticed that the energy levels manifest to follow two inclusive functions, which depend on the classical coupling angles, but are not constrained of angular momentum I. In conclusion, we conclude that our results agree with the experimental data.
Estimation of the reliability function of the Rayleigh distribution using some robust and kernel methods
Authors: AbdulMuttaleb Thaer Hashim , Talib Hayder Raaid , Hamdullah Ahmed Ali
Published: July 2021

The research presents the reliability. It is defined as the probability of accomplishing any part of the system within a specified time and under the same circumstances. On the theoretical side, the reliability, the reliability function, and the cumulative function of failure are studied within the one-parameter Raleigh distribution. This research aims to discover many factors that are missed the reliability evaluation which causes constant interruptions of the machines in addition to the problems of data. The problem of the research is that there are many methods for estimating the reliability function but no one has suitable qualifications for most of these methods in the data such as the presence of anomalous values or extreme values or the appropriate distribution of these data is unknown. Therefore, the data need methods through which can be dealt with this problem. Two of the estimation methods have been used: the robust (estimator M) method and the nonparametric Kernel method. These estimation methods are derived to arrive at the formulas of their capabilities. A comparison of these estimations is made using the simulation method as it is implemented. Simulation experiments using different sample sizes and each experiment is repeated (1000) times to achieve the objective. The results are compared by using one of the most important statistical measures which is the mean of error squares (MSE). The best estimation method has been reached is the robust (M estimator) method. It has been shown that the estimation of the reliability function gradually decreases with time, and this is identical to the properties of this function.
Effect of HCL Molarity on the Properties of PANI/MgO Nanocomposite Thin Films
Authors: Mohammed Sura S. , Alwan Tariq J.
Published: July 2021

In this work PANI/MgO nanocomposite thin films were prepared by situ oxidative polymerisation method under different hydrochloric acid (HCl) molarity. The PANI/MgO nanocomposite thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to study the effect of HCL molarity on structural properties and functional groups for the prepared samples. The electrical properties of the prepared samples were studied, and it was found that the best molarity of the preparation is 1.5M where the conductivity value became 2.25 S.cm−1.
Quantitative Analysis of heavy metals in gallstone Using LIBS
Authors: Naser Hawraa J. , Hamad Tagreed K.
Published: July 2021

Concentrations of heavy metals in gallstones samples gathered from different hospital were estimated via laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS (.Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the gallstone samples were achieved by using the locally developed LIBS set up equipped with Nd: YAG laser (Q-switched) at 1064 nm, pulse duration 9 ns and pulse energy 300 mJ. Quantitative analysis was performed for Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu and As based on calibration curve constructed from the correlation between the intensity of the LIBS emission lines and the concentration of each element measured by AAS. It was noticed that the percentage of copper, zinc, and manganese was higher in pigment samples higher than in mixed samples, and that it was not present in the cholesterol samples. However, chromium and cadmium elements were present in a high percentage in cholesterol samples and higher than other types of gallstones. The most important conclusion was that heavy elements such as Pb and As were present in the samples of smoking patients. The relative errors for all samples were in the range of (1.5-7.8) %.
Lora in a campus: Outdoor Environment Accurate Modelling Based on Particle Swarm Optimization at 435MHz
Authors: Kurji Ali S. , Al-Nakkash Aseel H. , Hussein Osama Abbas
Published: July 2021

Path Loss (PL) models are an essential factor affecting the network design and its operation. With different environmental conditions, interpreting the PL characteristics in an open environment is a complex problem. In this work, the propagation of LoRa technology in a campus is investigated in order to propose an accurate PL model. The measurements are taken place in two outdoor regions of the Electrical Engineering Technical College in Baghdad, Iraq. Measured field data correlates with global propagation models, demonstrating that ERICSON model results after an evaluation are likely to produce positive results. Different environment conditions make the global PL models difficult to generalize, yield some errors between the measured and estimated PL. For addressing this downside, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been based to develop the model parameters, hence matching the model to reality. The ERICSON model’s parameters have been improved to the best fit with measured data, and the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is gained equals to 3.7168dB and 5.4030dB for the two adopted regions.
Convergence of random iterative scheme to a common random fixed points
Authors: Malih Sabah Hassan , Abed Salwa Salman
Published: July 2021

In the context of uniformly convex separable Banach spaces, we implement an iterations scheme under Fibonacci sequence for approximating common random fixed points of two asymptotically nonexpansive random operators, and define weak and strong convergence results for common random fixed points of asymptotically nonexpansive random operator.
Photocatalytic Activity of CdS Nanosheets Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Method
Authors: Ali Marwa M. , Kudhier Muhsin A. , Sabry Raad S.
Published: July 2021

CdS nanosheets are synthesized via the chemical bath deposition method (CBD) using three different Cd/S molar ratios for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), as an example of an organic pollutant. The resulting nanosheets were characterized by XRD, FESEM, and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The XRD data analysis for prepared powder resulted in mixed phases of zinc-blende and wurtzite in all different Cd/S molar ratios with average crystalline size increased from (50.9 nm to 59.7 nm). The as-prepared CdS shows an absorbance edge increased from (340 nm, to 490). The value of the bandgap decreased from (2.6 eV to 2.3 eV) with an increasing molar ratio. Increasing molar ratio also leads to high and stable photocatalytic with high degradation efficiency (92.7-98.4) % after 150 min of sunlight irradiation.

Graphical Abstract