bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On a multidimensional data processing method for radiation portal monitors
Authors: Grisa Tomas , Sas Daniel , Gryc Lubomir
Published: December 2020

From a homeland security point of view, it is important to detect the
transportation of radioactive materials or potential radioactive
contamination. The most commonly used devices are radiation portal monitors
with plastic scintillation detectors. A signal from such detectors is
processed by an amplitude analyser which can separate pulses into several
mutually independent energy windows (representing energy intervals of gamma
radiation). Therefore, the most appropriate method of evaluation is by the
use of algorithms for multidimensional processing. This article describes a
novel generalised approach designed with respect to the properties of
radiation portal monitors. It includes a description of formulas and a whole
algorithm as well as the procedure for determining the appropriate critical
and detection limits. The predicted probability distribution for the proposed
method of calculation was verified by simulations and experimental
measurements. The algorithm was also compared with a commonly used gross
counting algorithm.
Generalized invexity and mathematical programs
Authors: Joshi Bhuwan , Mohan Rakesh , Pankaj P
Published: December 2020

In this paper, using generalized convexity assumptions, we show that Mstationary condition is sufficient for global or local optimality under some mathematical programming problem with equilibrium constraints(MPEC). Further, we formulate and study Wolfe type and Mond-Weir type dual models for the MPEC, and we establish weak and strong duality theorems.
Chronological schemes of the Late Hallstatt period (HaD) in Central Europe: new opportuni-ties for the synchronization and refinement of dates
Authors: Grechko Denis
Published: December 2020

Unification of regional chronological schemes is one of the key issues in Early Iron Age archaeology. The main markers of the Late Hallstatt period are Scythian arrowheads and antique imports. Biconical glass beads, produced at the Yahorlyk settlement (in the first third of the VIth century BC), were found in the Eastern European Forest-Steppe and in the area of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian Culture. This period is synchronised with the HaD1 of Central Europe, phase III/1 of the TLC and the late group of burials of the second phase of the Kelermes period. Its final phase is associated with the so-called “Scythian invasions” in Central Europe, which led to the decline of the Chotyniec agglomeration, West-Podolian and East-Podolian groups. A few TLC complexes of the Grodzisko Dolne, site 22, can be dated somewhat later, to the middle or second half of the VIth century BC (HaD2). Also, at this time, the Pomeranian population appeared in the south-eastern area of the Lusatian tribes and a new culture model (post Lusatian-Pomeranian stage) arose.
Educação física escolar e mídia: relato de experiência
Authors: De Morais Cardozo Cleiton , Bianchi Paula
Published: December 2020

Este resumo se trata de um relato de experiência que teve como objetivo problematizar as representações midiáticas sobre saúde e esporte com estudantes do 7º ano do ensino fundamental da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Visconde de Mauá/Arroio Grande. A proposta de mediação da cultura midiática baseou-se nos seguintes autores: Jesús Martín-Barbero (1997), Pier Cesar Rivoltella (2012), Maria Luiza Belloni (2005) e Monica Fantin (2006). Ao total, foram realizados sete encontros com os estudantes onde foram discutidos os temas saúde e esportes a partir da sua midiatização, tendo como resultado a produção de um jornal escolar. A partir do processo de construção do jornal, é possível perceber o envolvimento dos estudantes nas atividades propostas na condição de autores e, principalmente que eles demonstraram atitudes mais críticas de apropriação dos conteúdos apresentados na mídia relacionados aos temas saúde e esporte.
Sobre el Ministerio Público Fiscal
Authors: Ferreyra Gustavo
Published: December 2020

El trabajo desarrolla la regulación constitucional de la institución del Ministerio Público en la Argentina, centrándose en los requisitos para el nombramiento en el cargo del Procurador General de la Nación, su duración y remoción. En cuanto a la designación, el autor afirma que para aspirar a dicho cargo es necesario acreditar, con razonabilidad erguida y suficiente, la cualidad y el compromiso democrático inherente e inmarcesible. Para mantenerse en la función: es menester la buena conducta, es decir racionalidad constitucional; tomar decisiones con apoyo en la realidad y en la lógica y no cometer delitos funcionales. En cuanto a la duración en el cargo, propone una limitación temporal, sosteniendo que es constitucional determinar la naturaleza temporal de la designación del Procurador General de la Nación y del Defensor General de la Nación, por la vía de un cambio legal, proponiendo un nombramiento por un término de 5 años con posibilidad de renovación en la misma forma en que fueron designados. Finalmente propone una modificación de las mayorías legislativas para su designación, y sobre la destitución alienta el mecanismo de juicio político.
Las herramientas se definen por su uso: perspectivas en torno a la conceptualización de la dignidad humana
Authors: Riera Giuliana Denisse , Mateo María Gabriela
Published: December 2020

El trabajo describe las tensiones en torno a la definición del concepto de dignidad humana, entendiéndolo como una herramienta hermenéutica sin contenido concreto que sirve a los operadores jurídicos para interpretar los Derechos Humanos y reconociéndolo como el fundamento último de la constitución de los derechos fundamentales de todos los seres humanos. Se lo aborda desde un punto de vista ético refiriendo a breves consideraciones de Imannuel Kant y Jürgen Habermas, en relación al concepto y desde un punto de vista semántico y jurídico en el análisis de las interpretaciones que de éste realizan los órganos de protección de Derechos Humanos.
Inequidades de género en la regulación del cuidado infantil en la ley de contrato de trabajo
Authors: Nuguer Verónica
Published: December 2020

Las inequidades de género en el mundo del trabajo tienen como una de sus causas una injusta organización social del cuidado, que a la vez se relaciona directamente con desigualdades sociales y económicas. Las tareas de cuidado, como parte del trabajo reproductivo, han sido asignadas histórica, social, y culturalmente a las mujeres. Esto debe ser modificado por un modelo de corresponsabilidad social, que involucre a todos los actores sociales. Este trabajo toma como eje al cuidado durante la primera infancia, especialmente en los lugares de trabajo, desde la normativa internacional y nacional, fallos judiciales, doctrina y datos e informes estadísticos sobre el mercado laboral. Se aborda la legislación laboral al respecto, explicando a qué sujetos comprende, cuál es su regulación en la Ley de Contrato de Trabajo y si ésta implica un modelo basado en igualdad de oportunidades. Finalmente, se analiza su inconstitucionalidad, tanto por omisión de reglamentación como por violación al principio de igualdad.
El lenguaje del Derecho, retos y posibilidades para la interpretación jurídica
Authors: Yaunner Majela Ferrari
Published: December 2020

El Derecho y el lenguaje comparten una relación donde el primero depende del segundo para su existencia. Este nexo se complejiza por la naturaleza diversa de los contenidos jurídicos, lo que obliga a que, en la construcción de sus normas, confluyan elementos lingüísticos de diversos ámbitos. Dicha amalgama da lugar a un lenguaje jurídico auténtico que hace suyos términos y expresiones de otros ámbitos para inculcarles su impronta y, por tanto, dotarlos de un contenido peculiar. Los legisladores deben observar las recomendaciones que por varias vías ofrecen los estudios de técnica legislativa, pero a pesar de esa obediencia, los intérpretes de las normas tendrán que sortear constantemente los obstáculos lingüísticos que se esconden detrás de cuestiones como la vaguedad y ambigüedad de las que, en no pocas ocasiones, adolecen las normas. Estas pueden ser consideradas características del lenguaje jurídico, pero lo cierto es que generan no pocos problemas a los operadores del Derecho, sobre todo en la interacción de las normas con los casos que deben resolver y su diversidad. Comprender algunos fundamentos de esta problemática puede arrojar luces acerca de las mejores maneras de proceder cuando nos encontramos ante una disyuntiva interpretativa de origen lingüístico.
Analisis Struktur Makna Fi'l Amr Dalam Al- Qur’an Surah Al-Nur
Authors: Sehri Ahmad , Alitaetah
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini berkenaan dengan study tentang kaidah-kaidah fi’il amr dan penggunaannya dalam Al-Qur’an surah al-Nur. Pokok permasalahannya adalah pengertian fi’il amr dalam Al-Qur’an surah al-Nur serta bagaimana pengertian fi’il amr dan macam-macamnya didalam Al-Qur’an surah al-Nur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, yang bertujuan mendeskripsikan penggunaan fi’il amr pada surah an-Nur Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1). pengertian fi’il amr itu, Fi'il amr yaitu: kalimat /lafadz yang menunjukan pekerjaan baru, yang bersamaan dengan zaman mustakbal (waktu yang akan datang), dan menunjukan makna perintah. Alamatnya adalah bisa menerima (dimasuki) Ya' muannasah mukhotobah (ya' yang menunjukan makna perempuan banyak yang di ajak bicara) 2). penggunnaan al-Nur didalam Al-Quran surah al-Nur ialah sebagai penjelas atau bayan,pelengkap, dan perinci.3). macam-macam fi’il amr yang terdapat didalam Al-Quran surah al- al-Nur ialah ayat 2, 4, 30, 31, 32, 53, 54, 56.
Summing a Family of Generalized Pell Numbers
Authors: Prodinger Helmut
Published: December 2020

A new family of generalized Pell numbers was recently introduced and studied by Bród ([2]). These numbers possess, as Fibonacci numbers, a Binet formula. Using this, partial sums of arbitrary powers of generalized Pell numbers can be summed explicitly. For this, as a first step, a power P
𝓁

n
is expressed as a linear combination of P

mn
. The summation of such expressions is then manageable using generating functions. Since the new family contains a parameter R = 2
r
, the relevant manipulations are quite involved, and computer algebra produced huge expressions that where not trivial to handle at times.
Attenuative Role of Idebenone on Deltamethrin Mediated Peroxidative Toxicity of Ram Semen Stored at 4°C
Authors: Sheykh-Babaei Afshin , Zadeh-Hashem Elham , Eslami Mohsen , Farrokhi-Ardabili Farhad
Published: December 2020

The current study was conducted to evaluate the different concentrations of deltamethrin (DEL; Exp. 1) and the protective role of idebenone (IDB) supplemented with toxic dose of deltamethrin (Exp. 2) during chilled storage of ram semen. Collected samples were pooled and diluted at 500×106 spermatozoa per mL. In Exp. 1, effect of DEL at 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μM levels was evaluated on different variables of spermatozoa motion characteristics. In Exp. 2, different amounts of IDB (2, 4, and 8 μM) concurrent with constant doses of DEL (10 μM) were examined on semen quality upon chilled preservation up to 72 h. Indices of spermatozoa kinematics, functionality of plasma membrane and viability were recorded. Biochemical metabolites were measured in spermatozoa and its medium (extender) at different time points. In Exp. 1, different parameters of spermatozoa kinematics were affected by exposure to DEL in a dose dependent manner. In Exp. 2, combination of IDB with DEL resulted in a significant (P<0.05) increase in total motility, forward progressive motility and curvilinear path velocity compared to DEL group at 24, 48 and 72 h. Simultaneous administration of IDB with DEL increased the percentage of spermatozoa with functional membrane and viability compared to DEL group at 72 h (P<0.05). The amounts of lipid peroxidation index were lower in medium of combination groups compared to DEL group at 48 h and 72 h (P<0.05). Antioxidant capacity was higher in spermatozoa and medium of IDB treated groups compared to DEL group at 72 h (P<0.05). Amounts of total nitrate-nitrite and superoxide dismutase activity of spermatozoa and medium were not affected by treatment (P>0.05). In conclusion, IDB could ameliorate oxidative and peroxidative damages induced by DEL mild toxicity upon cold preservation of ram semen.
Partial Replacement of Concentrate with Olive Cake in Different forms in the Diet of Lactating Barki Ewes Affects the Lactational Performance and Feed Utilization
Authors: Hadhoud Fatma I. , Kholif Ahmed E. , Abd El Tawab Ahmed M. , Shaaban Mahmoud M. , Mostafa Mohamed M.M. , Ebeid Hossam M. , Matloup Osama H.
Published: December 2020

The present experiment aimed to evaluate the inclusion of dried olive cake treated or untreated with fibrolytic enzyme, partially replacing concentrates in the diet of ewes. Forty lactating Barki ewes, weighing 37.1 ± 4.0 kg, were assigned into four treatments (n=10) in a complete randomized design for 9 weeks. Ewes were stratified according to parity (2 ± 1 parity) and previous milk production (615 ± 11 g/d). The control diet consisted of concentrates and corn fodder at 60:40, respectively. For the experimental diets, 30% of the concentrates was replaced with dried olive cake (DOC treatment), olive cake silage (SOC treatment) or olive cake silage treated with fibrolytic enzymes (ESOC treatment). Without affecting intake, DOC, SOC and ESOC diets enhanced (P<0.05) dry matter, organic matter and non-structural carbohydrate digestibility; however, ESOC diets increased (P<0.05) neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility. Additionally, DOC, SOC and ESOC diets increased (P<0.05) ruminal total volatile fatty acids, acetate and propionate without affecting ruminal pH and ammonia-N concentration. The ESOC diet increased serum glucose concentration (P=0.019). Both of SOC and ESOC diets increased (P<0.05) daily milk production and energy corrected milk as well as milk fat concentration (P=0.028). All of DOC, SOC and ESOC increased (P<0.05) feed (milk) efficiency compared with the control diet. It is concluded that 30% of concentrates can be replaced with olive cake without negative effects on performance but with better performance when olive cake was ensiled with or without fibrolytic enzymes.
Soft covered ideals in semigroups
Authors: Özlü Şerif , Sezgin Aslıhan
Published: December 2020

In this work, soft covered ideals in semigroups are constructed and in this concept, soft covered semigroups, soft covered left (right) ideals, soft covered interior ideals, soft covered (generalized) bi-ideals and soft covered quasi ideals of a semigroup are defined. Various properties of these ideals are introduced and the interrelations of these soft covered ideals and the relations of soft anti covered ideals and soft covered ideals are investigated.
On the metric dimension of strongly annihilating-ideal graphs of commutative rings
Authors: Soleymanivarniab V. , Nikandish R. , Tehranian A.
Published: December 2020

Let 𝒭 be a commutative ring with identity and 𝒜(𝒭) be the set of ideals with non-zero annihilator. The strongly annihilating-ideal graph of 𝒭 is defined as the graph SAG(𝒭) with the vertex set 𝒜 (𝒭)* = 𝒜 (𝒭) \{0} and two distinct vertices I and J are adjacent if and only if I ∩ Ann(J) ≠ (0) and J ∩ Ann(I) ≠ (0). In this paper, we study the metric dimension of SAG(𝒭) and some metric dimension formulae for strongly annihilating-ideal graphs are given.
Pathway Analysis to Determine Factors Contributing to Overall Quality Scores in Four Berry Crops
Authors: Cockerton Helen , Blanco Unzueta Maddi , Johnson Abigail W. , Vadillo Dieguez Andrea , Fernández Fernández Felicidad
Published: December 2020

Fruit quality attributes are influenced by environmental, agronomic and genetic factors; both cultivars and growing conditions can vary substantially between UK production and imported fruit. This study aimed to record and dissect the most relevant fruit quality traits for berries imported into the UK in the winter months. Blackberry, blueberry, raspberry and strawberry fruit were imported from 11 countries into a Kent-based packhouse (UK) or purchased from major retailers between December 2018 and March 2019. Multiple fruit quality components were assessed for relative contribution towards a high “overall assessment” fruit quality score. It was found that strawberry and blackberry overall scores were affected by sweetness perception, whereas blueberry and raspberry organoleptics are more complex, with overall scores influenced by flavor perception. Multiple raspberry and strawberry fruit quality traits were found to be associated with genotypic differences, indicating a promising potential for genetic improvement through breeding. By contrast, the study findings suggest that there is less potential for genetic improvement in blueberry, and that the environment may have a large effect on blueberry fruit quality traits.
Functional Politicization in the Dutch Senior Civil Service: Evidence from Longitudinal Surveys and Qualitative Research (2007 – 2019)
Authors: Belloir Alexandre , van den Berg Caspar
Published: December 2020

Although substantial advances have been made in our comprehension of functional politicization – political capacities and activities being taken on by bureaucrats in their administrative duties – questions surrounding its causal mechanisms remain. To shed light on these questions, we here explore increasing political polarization (and fragmentation) in Dutch politics and functional politicization over the period 2007 – 2019 to see how the two are related. To do so, we adopt a cross-time approach that observes which skills – political-strategic insight, substantive expertise (Fachwissen), or procedural knowledge (Dienstwissen) – senior civil servants perceive to be the most relevant to successfully and correctly exercise their profession in a period of increasing polarization in the Dutch political landscape. Drawing from surveys conducted with senior civil servants in 2007, 2013 and 2019, combined with semi-structured interviews conducted in 2019, the data depicts the prevalence of political astuteness in the profession and highlights the factors for its causes: institutional, organizational, and interpersonal dynamics. This indicates an (in)direct link between political polarization and functional politicization of the administrative apparatus that serves as a basis for further cross-time and cross-country investigation.
SoK: Privacy-Preserving Reputation Systems
Authors: Gurtler Stan , Goldberg Ian
Published: December 2020

Trust and user-generated feedback have become increasingly vital to the normal functioning of the modern internet. However, deployed systems that currently incorporate such feedback do not guarantee users much in the way of privacy, despite a wide swath of research on how to do so spanning over 15 years. Meanwhile, research on systems that maintain user privacy while helping them to track and update each others’ reputations has failed to standardize terminology, or converge on what privacy guarantees should be important. Too often, this leads to misunderstandings of the tradeoffs underpinning design decisions. Further, key insights made in some approaches to designing such systems have not circulated to other approaches, leaving open significant opportunity for new research directions. This SoK investigates 42 systems describing privacy-preserving reputation systems from 2003–2019 in order to organize previous work and suggest directions for future work. Our three key contributions are the systematization of this body of research, the detailing of the tradeoffs implied by overarching design choices, and the identification of underresearched areas that provide promising opportunities for future work.
Scaling up Differentially Private Deep Learning with Fast Per-Example Gradient Clipping
Authors: Lee Jaewoo , Kifer Daniel
Published: December 2020

Recent work on Renyi Differential Privacy has shown the feasibility of applying differential privacy to deep learning tasks. Despite their promise, however, differentially private deep networks often lag far behind their non-private counterparts in accuracy, showing the need for more research in model architectures, optimizers, etc. One of the barriers to this expanded research is the training time — often orders of magnitude larger than training non-private networks. The reason for this slowdown is a crucial privacy-related step called “per-example gradient clipping” whose naive implementation undoes the benefits of batch training with GPUs. By analyzing the back-propagation equations we derive new methods for per-example gradient clipping that are compatible with auto-differeniation (e.g., in Py-Torch and TensorFlow) and provide better GPU utilization. Our implementation in PyTorch showed significant training speed-ups (by factors of 54x - 94x for training various models with batch sizes of 128). These techniques work for a variety of architectural choices including convolutional layers, recurrent networks, attention, residual blocks, etc.
The CRIB II (Clinical Risk Index for Babies II) Score in Prediction of Neonatal Mortality
Authors: Stomnaroska Orhideja , Danilovski Dragan
Published: December 2020

Predicting the outcome of neonatal critical patients remains elusive. The multiple factors of maternal state of health (infections, diabetes, gestosis), the placental situation (premature rupture of membranes) as well as multiple factors from the baby (small for gestational age, low Apgar score, low birth infections, mechanical ventilation, hypoglycaemia hyperglycamiea) render the approach to treatment of each patient individual and the outcome uncertain. Several approaches and scales are developed in order to assess the mortality risk in those rather complicated situations.

We used the CRIB-II scale to assess the mortality risk in 80 patients delivered in a large tertiary level hospital with more than 4,000 deliveries yearly. The patients were stratified according to all the neonatal risk factors and comorbidities. The CRIB-II scale identified well the mortality rates, but not the outcomes. A large and well-balanced cohort of patients followed for a longer period is required to discern in detail the importance of CRIB-II scale in predicting outcomes in high-risk new-borns. This could serve as an assistance to personalized approach to severely sick children. In addition, it is a valuable method in comparing outcomes in different NICUs and outcomes in different times in the same NICU, thus rendering possible improvements in the same unit and among several NICU departments.
Gobernanza y público interno en el sector hotelero microempresarial de la ciudad de Cuenca, 2019
Authors: Armijos Cordero Johanna , Fernández Avilés Gladys , Alvarado Guzmán Adrián , Freire Chaglla Segundo
Published: December 2020

Del total de establecimientos de alojamiento en la Ciudad de Cuenca, el 96,1% corresponde a micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (Mipymes). El objetivo de este artículo consiste en determinar la correspondencia entre la gobernanza y el nivel de relación con los stakeholders en las microempresas de alojamiento de la Ciudad de Cuenca. El presente estudio desarrolló una investigación descriptiva numérica, extensiva, de corte transversal, sin control de variables de tipo multivariado. Para medir la profundidad en la relación se consideró el ciclo de mejora continua de Deming, así como los indicadores Ethos, obteniéndose así los instrumentos de investigación que se aplican a una muestra representativa de las microempresas de alojamiento existentes en el Cantón Cuenca y registradas en el catastro hotelero del año 2019. La investigación mostró que los indicadores exigibles por el contexto de la ley son mejor atendidos. Además, entre las empresas existe aislamiento mutuo que les debilita ante las entidades reguladoras y de promoción. El nivel de gobernanza detectada fue de debilidad con su público interno, el que se exteriorizó en su individualismo frente a la sociedad.
Indios y burros: Rethinking “la India María” as Ethnographic Cinema
Authors: Tumbaga Ariel Zatarain
Published: December 2020

This article traces the origins of María Elena Velasco’s comic character “la India María” through what Fatimah Tobing Rony has labeledethnographic film. It explores how Velasco’s first film,Tonta, tonta, pero no tanto(dir. Fernando Cortés, Mexico, 1972), borrows conventional linguistic and performative representations from the so-called Indigenista films of Emilio “Indio” Fernández and Benito Alazraki. The essay also studies how popular discourses regarding Indigenous intelligence and the trope of illiterate Natives as “burros” coincide with the state ideologies behind comic representations of Indigenous characters.
A CONCESSÃO DO BENEFÍCIO DE PENSÃO POR MORTE AO MENOR SOB GUARDA A PARTIR DA VIGÊNCIA DA EMENDA CONSTITUCIONAL 103/19: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Floriani Neto Antonio Bazilio , Marques Juliana Munhoz da Cunha
Published: December 2020

Este estudo visa analisar a validade da aplicação do precedente firmado pelo STJ no julgamento do Recurso Especial 1.411.258/RS (Tema 732 dos Recursos Repetitivos) em relação à concessão de pensão por morte ao menor sob guarda a partir da alteração constitucional promovida pela EC 103/19. Para fins desta análise, será considerado o benefício de pensão por morte no âmbito do Regime Geral de Previdência Social. O tema foi desenvolvido, inicialmente, sob a ótica da evolução do conceito de risco social e do modelo de previdência adotado no Brasil. Posteriormente, buscou-se demonstrar que a inovação constitucional confronta com princípios básicos do Estado Social, exigindo uma análise a partir das demais fontes do direito. Finalmente, formou-se o caminho para ponderar sobre a compatibilidade da emenda constitucional com o ordenamento jurídico implementado pelo constituinte de 1988
MEDICALIZAÇÃO NAS INSTITUIÇÕES SOCIALMENTE CONCEBIDAS: POSSÍVEIS CONSEQUÊNCIAS
Authors: Pereira Maria Marconiete Fernandes , De Sousa Gustavo Camacho Meira
Published: December 2020

Este artigo trata da consequência da denominada medicalização nas instituições criadas pelas relações humanas. É compreendida como fenômeno que causa efeitos na sociedade, a partir de uma atuação dos profissionais da área biomédica. Envolve também as instituições econômicas criadas pelos indivíduos, para a sua interação social. Serão  apresentados os conceitos e à análise da medicalização nos campos político, econômico e social. Discorrer-se-á  sobre suas formas, como a biopolítica, o comportamento transgressivo das normas sociais, o controle social e o processo irregular, atentando-se para os três principais tipos de iatrogêneses. Será trazida ao debate a visão associativa entre a medicalização e as instituições da ciência econômica, sob perspectiva das diferentes conceituações, com base na teoria institucionalista. Buscar-se-á uma definição que possa incorporar suas amplas concepções. Abordar-se-ão as ideias de escolas institucionalistas, analisando-se as instituições com base na concepção de Douglas North. Serão indicadas as causas socioculturais que motivam as mudanças institucionais, segundo a teoria da microeconomia, fazendo-se uma análise das restrições formais e informais. Concluir-se-á que a medicalização é vetor da mudança institucional das restrições socialmente concebidas. O desenvolvimento do tema será feito através de um estudo qualitativo e dedutivo de revisão bibliográfica. Palavras-chave: Medicalização. Instituições. Sociedade.
PROTECCIÓN INTERNACIONAL DEL DERECHO AL IDIOMA Y AL INTÉRPRETE DE LOS PUEBLOS ORIGINARIOS
Authors: Hurtado Nuccia Seminario
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo desarrollar un análisis normativo, jurisprudencial y doctrinario en materia de derechos lingüísticos de los pueblos originarios desde la perspectiva del sistema de protección universal y regional de los derechos humanos.
OS DIREITOS HUMANOS E A PROTEÇÃO AOS SEUS DEFENSORES: ANÁLISE À LUZ DA SALVAGUARDA DOS DIREITOS DE PERSONALIDADE
Authors: Siqueira Dirceu Pereira , Lara Fernanda Corrêa Pavesi , De Souza Bruna Caroline Lima
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o cabedal jurídico convergente a proteção aos defensores dos direitos humanos no Brasil, como medida de garantia do exercício da cidadania e de salvaguarda dos direitos de personalidade. Denota-se que o direito de defender direitos foi reconhecido como direito humano internacional via Resolução n°. 53/144 das Nações Unidas de 1998, no plano nacional, assegurar esse direito pode contribuir para a edificação do paradigma constitucional do Estado Democrático de Direito. No entanto, pode-se inferir que o caminho para proteção dos direitos de defender direitos ainda precisa ser definido no cenário nacional, que ainda não conta com legislação para uniformização do enfrentamento do tema. Para tanto, utiliza-se o método hipotético-dedutivo, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica para dedução da proposta.
Metronidazole-related neurotoxicity in a referral hospital
Authors: Koul Roshan , Shasthry Saggere Muralikrishna , Ramalingam Archana , Sarin Shiv Kumar
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

Metronidazole is commonly used drug in almost all the fields of medicine. Commonly patients use medication for a shorter time than was prescribed, but in this report, the patients have used medication for long time based on ultrasound images. This study aims to assess metronidazole-related neurotoxicity at this hospital.

Material and Methods:

All the patients with diagnosis of amebic liver abscess, who developed neurotoxicity with metronidazole, were evaluated retrospectively.

Results:

Ten patients with metronidazole neurotoxicity were seen from April 2017 to March 2019. All ten had peripheral neuropathy; one each had in addition cerebellar ataxia and new onset seizures.

Conclusion:

A preventable toxic effect with metronidazole has to be recognized early during drug therapy for hepatic amebic abscesses. A dose adjustment during therapy helps in preventing this neurotoxicity. The patients have to be educated that metronidazole should not be continued on ultrasound images.
An Indian infant with de novo duplication of 16p chromosome: A rare genetic syndrome
Authors: Goyal Manisha , Gupta Ashok , Faruq Mohammed , Shrivastava Divya
Published: December 2020

Facial dysmorphism along with multiple congenital anomalies is observed in many genetic syndromes mostly in chromosomal microdeletion or duplication, which cannot be detected by conventional karyotype. Here, we report a case with facial dysmorphism, cleft palate, congenital heart defect, and umbilical hernia, diagnosed with duplication at chromosome 16p13.3 by array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) at very early age. Array CGH is the advanced diagnostic technology; enable to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities earlier thus can provide appropriate medical management and prognostication.
Why use of face masks by everyone outside their homes is still mandatory during the COVID-19 pandemic!
Authors: Gundavda Manit K. , Parikh Purvish
Published: December 2020

Has the Indian public’s disregard for COVID-19 pandemic-related government recommendations undone the good work done so far? While happy with national unlocking and returning to routine activities, most of us have grown complacent in our duties in following currently existing guidelines for containing the pandemic. No government or health-care professional can enforce following mandatory practices to contain the pandemic – including simple and fundamental aspects such as good hand hygiene, physical distancing, and use of face masks. Regular and diligent use of face masks is not only required by law but is also vital to the national effort to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. All concerns and objections to the regular use of face masks are illogical, irrational, and fade into oblivion when compared to the proven benefits of using them. Every citizen should understand that following these guidelines mandated by law are vital to save yourself, your immediate family, your friends, and also the community at large. Those who do not follow them (especially when in a government office or health-care facility) are committing the dual crime akin to suicide and murder.
Traumatic Musculocutaneous Nerve Injury Diagnosed Using High-Resolution Ultrasonography
Authors: Ghosh Shounak , Nischal Neha , Singh Hardeep , Singh Jatinder Pal
Published: December 2020

Peripheral nerve pathology may occur due to a number of causes. Physicians rely primarily on the information gained by the non-anatomical tests such as clinical examination, neurophysiological testing, and on clinical history for evaluation and management of peripheral nerve pathologies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a favored investigation for the evaluation of peripheral nerve pathologies among the clinicians. We report a case of a traumatic injury to the musculocutaneous nerve causing weakness in elbow flexion, with normal imaging on MRI but diagnosis being made using high-resolution ultrasonography, following which the Oberlin nerve transfer procedure was undertaken, leading to resolution of muscle weakness post-procedure.
Bone Tumors Management Survey in India – Radiologist Perspective
Authors: Vemuri Naga Varaprasad , Songa Ramya , Azzopardi Christine , Thaker Siddharth , Gupta Harun , Botchu Rajesh
Published: December 2020

Bone tumors are rare and the management of these in India is variable. We did a survey of the radiologists in India to assess the management of bone tumors. We discuss the results of the survey propose some guidelines and suggestion from a radiologist perspective.
Unique imaging appearance of neurosarcoidosis as a solitary cystic mass with mural enhancement
Authors: Bathla Girish , Kandemirli Sedat Giray , Gupta Sarika , Agarwal Amit
Published: December 2020

Background:

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, granulomatous, and multi-system inflammatory disorder that can also involve the central nervous system in the form of meningeal, parenchymal, or cranial nerve involvement. Imaging findings can be non-specific and may overlap with other inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic processes, and posing diagnostic challenges. Parenchymal involvement in neurosarcoidosis (NS) predominantly manifests as either non-enhancing white matter lesions or as enhancing parenchymal granulomas. Granulomas usually manifest as multiple solid lesions with nodular enhancement.

Case Description:

A 72-year-old man presented with right-eye visual field changes with the non-contrast head computed tomography showing a large cystic lesion in the left frontoparietal lobe. Subsequent contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging study revealed a large cystic mass with irregular rim enhancement and mural nodule concerning for glial neoplasm. Cyst decompression with biopsy and histopathological analysis revealed gliosis and prominent perivascular granulomatous inflammation with mixed picture of CD4 and CD8-positive cells suggestive of sarcoidosis. Further subsequent work-up showed mediastinal and cervical lymphadenopathy which on biopsy showed non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, consistent with sarcoidosis.

Conclusion:

Herein, we report unique imaging findings of a NS case manifesting as a solitary cystic intraparenchymal lesion with an enhancing nodular component, mimicking primary intra-cranial tumor. This appearance is highly atypical and rarely been reported earlier.
Amenazas a la infraestructura escolar pública contemporánea en Ecuador frente a calamidades. Caso: Unidades Educativas del Milenio
Authors: Vélez Verónica Lucía Arévalo
Published: December 2020

El presente escrito tiene por objeto reflexionar sobre giros posibles que se podrían proponer post pandemia en los edificios escolares públicos contemporáneos del Ecuador a partir de la indagación del caso de estudio de las Unidades Educativas del Milenio (UEM), considerando que estos fueron una apuesta gubernamental que invirtió en el campo de la educación como  uno de los puntos relevantes, subrayando el menester de que tanto los niños, como las niñas tengan equidad de acceso en las secciones educativas de primaria y secundaria; con la materialización de nueva infraestructura se mejoraría el nivel de escolaridad y ampliaría la cobertura a nivel educativo de lugares privados de esta formación. No obstante, con eventos inesperados como la COVID-19 y sismos ocurridos en el país, se rompen paradigmas; interpelando a qué mutaciones post pandemia podrían imaginarse en estas novedosas edificaciones y qué adaptaciones sugerirían, lo que posiblemente implicaría analizar nuevas variables, pudiendo a lo mejor ser adaptadas a una reconfiguración de la escuela.
PROPUESTA DE INTERVENCIÓN PSICO-COMUNICATIVA EN UN CONTEXTO DE EMERGENCIA SANITARIA DE UNA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA PÚBLICA
Authors: Suarez Luna Julio Cesar , Centurion Larrea Angel Johel
Published: December 2020

El propósito fue elaborar una propuesta psico-comunicativa para modificar creencias irracionales o con tendencia irracional en los estudiantes del VII ciclo de una Institución Educativa de la región Lambayeque en un contexto de emergencia sanitaria por Covid-19, que conlleve a fortalecer la comunicación interna de la organización. La metodología sigue un enfoque mixto con un diseño transformativo secuencial que incluye desde lo cuantitativo, un acercamiento transaccional descriptivo y desde lo cualitativo, lo fenomenológico hasta configurar la propuesta.  Las muestras fueron: no probabilística y por conveniencia constituida por 72 estudiantes y; autoseleccionada, por 7 voluntarios. Se utilizaron los métodos histórico lógico, el sistémico estructural, el análisis síntesis y también métodos prácticos con la aplicación del Test psicológico Regopina y el diseño de la propuesta, la misma que fue consolidada a partir de la interpretación de un estudio piloto utilizando la observación.  Los resultados de la investigación indican que existen creencias irracionales o con tendencia irracional en los 6 factores evaluados; siendo la creencia C con niveles predominantes de Irracional 31% y 22% tendencia a irracional; asimismo que las categorías “liderazgo” y “compromiso social” de los estudiantes son esenciales para la dinámica de la comunicación interna. Se concluye que si se aplica la Propuesta Psico-Comunicativo centrada en los postulados de la Terapia Racional Emotiva Conductual y el Aprendizaje Servicio Solidario se modificarán significativamente las creencias con niveles irracionales y con tendencia irracional, y se favorece el liderazgo y el compromiso social de los estudiantes dentro de la comunicación interna de la institución.
Teachers’ Views on the Use of Photography in Teaching Arts in Croatian Primary Schools
Authors: Licul Nina
Published: December 2020

Contemporary art education relies on the use of diverse methods, approaches, art techniques, and technologies. Although photography is part of daily visual communication and gallery exhibitions, there is no structured approach to photography as a medium for learning the arts in Croatian primary schools. The objectives of the quantitative study were to determine art teachers’ views on (1) their knowledge about photography, (2) their abilities in using photography in art teaching, (3) obstacles to using photography in art teaching, and (4) the importance of photography in students’ visual culture. Regarding the fourth objective, we wanted to examine possible differences in terms of the teachers’ gender, age, and length of service. A survey was conducted with 112 teachers who teach arts in 5th to 8th grades in 17 Croatian counties. The results of the descriptive statistics were supplemented with a qualitative analysis of the teachers’ responses in the questionnaire. The results show that the teachers perceive their knowledge about photography obtained by formal education as average, but they assess their abilities to apply photography in their lessons as slightly better. The main problem, in their view, is a low number of art lessons in the Croatian curriculum. The teachers generally agree that photography is very important in a student’s visual culture, regardless of the teachers’ gender, age. and years of service. These findings indicate the need to place greater emphasis on photography as an artistic medium in primary school, as it may generate new visual knowledge and artistic skills.
Connecting Art Education Learning Tasks with the Artistic Field: The Factor of Quality in Art Lessons
Authors: Šobáňová Petra , Jiroutová Jana
Published: December 2020

This theoretical study deals with interconnecting learning tasks of art education with the parent discipline of art education (that is, with the artistic field as defined by Pierre Bourdieu, 1996), while reflecting on the quality of art lessons in the Czech Republic. The authors draw on current theoretical and empirical research of quality that identifies individual quality factors. The most salient factors are the connection with the artistic field and the resulting ability of conceptual integration, together with curricular normativity, the intentional work of the teacher with educational content, characteristics of teaching such as the support of divergence, creative approaches, associativity, imagination, reflection, searching for intersections between pupils’ experience and the content of the subject, etc. The text also emphasises the fact that judgement on the quality of learning tasks should be based only on ontological-didactic and psychological-didactic aspects. The former relate to the cultural and artistic context of learning tasks, that is, the current values in the field of visual culture and the artistic field, while the latter consider the personal characteristics of each and every pupil.
Artists/Ceramists in the Role of University Teachers
Authors: Novotná Silvie
Published: December 2020

The teaching of ceramics is a topic that has been much discussed in pedagogical discourse throughout the entire second half of the twentieth century and until today. The present study deals with the topic of third-level education in the field of ceramics at Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic. The incorporation of ceramics into the education of future art teachers in Olomouc was not always a matter of course as it is today. It underwent many changes during the second half of the twentieth century. Several personalities played an important role in the process of the gradual consolidation of its position in pedagogical education. The most important of these are presented in this study. It describes their main contribution to the field, deals with their attitudes to teaching ceramics, and above all analyses the interconnection of their own art or scientific research theoretical work with the content of teaching. The historical-methodological study connects its theme with historical socio-political events, as well as with the development of fine arts in the second half of the twentieth century. Thus, it contributes to the formation of a comprehensive picture of the topic “artists as art teachers” in the Europe-wide context.
伦理身份的分裂悲剧——文学伦理学批评视角下的《人人都爱查尔斯》
Authors: 宋 皓 , 李 庆照
Published: December 2020

虚拟现实技术正不断渗透和影响人类的生活形态，科幻文学因其前瞻性屡屡涉及这一题材。星云奖获奖作品《人人都爱查尔斯》以虚拟现实和直播经济为技术背景描绘出直播者查尔斯与体验者直人之间复杂的伦理身份变迁及其伦理选择。从文学伦理学批评视角来看，作品蕴含着丰富的伦理价值并对当代科技发展有一定的启示。论文还原了事件发生的“伦理现场”，解构了虚拟现实体验者直人的伦理身份分裂过程及其伦理意识，阐释了伦理身份分裂带来的悲剧结局，由此剖析作品的伦理特性，希望为今后虚拟现实技术的发展带来启示。
Double Spinned Lobster (Panulirus penicillatus) fishery in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province: sustainable management strategies
Authors: Wardiatno Yusli , Beni Beni , Solihin Akhmad , Zairion Zairion
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research was to analyze the issues and problems in lobster fisheries for establishing strategies to achieve sustainable lobster management. This study was conducted from November 2018 to January 2019 in coastal waters of Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province. Data collection were made using the triangulation method. In addition, data analyses were performed using AWOT (Analythical Hierarchy Procedure and Strenght-Weakness-Opportunity-Threats) which was the combination of SWOT and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques. The results showed that the problems of lobster management in Wonogiri Regency was the unreported catch and the unwillingness to release small-size- and berried-female lobsters. The best strategy for lobster management in Wonogiri Regency was shown in the 2nd quadrant (strategi Strength-Threats). Thus, the priority strategies would be the development of friendly lobster fishing gear with score a value 35.4% and the second priority is strengthening the role of collectors in controlling catches with a value of 30.5%.
Respon Komunitas Burung terhadap Beberapa Tipe Habitat pada Ekosistem Artifisial di Wilayah PT. PJB UP Paiton
Authors: Hardina Kanthi , Desantoro Tri Giyat , Hardikananda Nuarani , Sampangestu Fajar Alif , Safitri Shiela , Aziz Abdul
Published: December 2020

Individu burung yang terkumpul dari beberapa spesies dalam satu waktu di dalam ruang tertentu yang membentuk kelompok disebut komunitas burung. Komposisi vegetasi dan spesies tumbuhan merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kehadiran burung pada suatu habitat. Komposisi vegetasi yang terjadi akibat campur tangan manusia membentuk ekosistem artifisial atau ekosistem buatan. PT PJB UP Paiton merupakan objek vital nasional berupa area pembangkit listrik untuk Jawa dan Bali. Kehadiran PT PJB UP Paiton membentuk ekosistem artifisial pada kawasan tersebut. Indeks komunitas burung (IKB) adalah Teknik dalam menentukan kualitas suatu kawasan dengan menggunakan daftar spesies burung dan guild sebagai indikatornya. Pengambilan data burung dilakukan dengan metode point transects sampling dan data flora dilakukan dengan teknik sensus, yaitu menghitung dan mengukur setiap individu pada setiap spesies yang dijumpai di dalam lokasi pengamatan. Keanekaragaman spesies burung dihitung dengan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener, dan indeks kemerataan. Keanekaragaman spesies tumbuhan diukur dengan menghitung jumlah spesies, dominansi, indeks keanekaragaman dan indeks kemerataan tumbuhan sedangkan komposisi vegetasi diukur dengan nilai persentase summed dominance rasio (SDR). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan keragaman spesies tertinggi (H’= 3,05; E=0,62) di lokasi Perumahan dan keragaman spesies terendah (H’=2,12; E=0,29) di lokasi Pareho. Spesies M. indica menjadi spesies pohon paling dominan pada lokasi perumahan (29.31%) dan kelontong & benduman (42.79%) sedangkan lokasi kantor didominasi oleh pohon A. indica (26.35%) dan pareho oleh A. saman (26.89%). Hasil analisa hubungan vegetasi terhadap burung mendapatkan nilai r2 direntang -0,8 hingga 0,9 dengan nilai uji signifikan Pvalue>0,05. Hasil hitung IKB mendapatkan kategori rendah hingga menengah. Nilai tertinggi (64.4) diperoleh pada lokasi perumahan, dan nilai terendah (42,8) pada lokasi perkantoran.
Vegetation structure and floristic composition (Case study: Mala Galeh Protected area, Fars Province, Iran)
Authors: Moradipour Leila Leiili , Pourbabaei Hasan , Hatami Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Identifying flora of each region is fundamental for accomplishing other pure and applied researches in biology. Especially, in the ecological conditions of protected area of Male Gale. Data were collected in 96 sampling plots using systematic­_ random method. The size of sampling plot was 20 m × 50 m for the tree and shrub species, and 8 m × 8 m for herbaceous species. In this study area, 162 species, 122 genera and 43 families were identified. The largest families were Asteraceae (26 species) and Fabaceae (25 species). The frequency of Asteraceae may be due to grazing in some areas of the region. The life form spectrum includes: Hemichryptophytes (14/01 %), Therophytes (65/4 %), Cryptophytes (76/9 %), Chamaephytes (7.1 %) and Phanerophytes (5.8 %). The abundance of Therophytes and Asteraceae family is refered to destruction of forests in the study area. The highest value of the SIV tree and shrub species layer belong to Quercus brantii species and ZIziphus Mummularia. The highest value of the FIV herbaceous layer belong to Asteraceae family. The Species Important Value (SIV) of vegetation cover indicated that tree, shrubs species and herbaceous species had geometric distribution, broken stick model and lognormal distribution in this area.