bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Missile Autopilot Design Based on Fuzzy Self-Tuning Immune PID Control
Authors: Gan Xu Sheng , Tang Xue Qin , Gao Jian Guo
Published: August 2013

A design of the fuzzy self-tuning immune PID controller is proposed. The controller, which combines immune feedback mechanism and fuzzy PID control, executes the self-tuning of PID parameters in the control system. A simulation experiment is presented in light of a tactical missile autopilot transfer function. Simulation result shows that the performance of fuzzy self-tuning immune PID controller is better than that of fuzzy PID controller, especially in its robust performance for variable parameter system.
The Characteristics of a New Product through User Knowledge in the Early Stages of a Design Process
Authors: Taha Zahari , Alli Hassan , Abdul-Rashid Salwa Hanim
Published: August 2013

User knowledge has become a performance indicator that determines the success of a business. It provides a valuable source of information for product developer to develop the specification and characteristics of a new product. Various methods have been studied to extract and integrate the user knowledge during the early stage of a design process. This paper focuses the relation between the success of a product and the product specification. Interviews with product designers were conducted. The results of this study provide a foundation for product developers to specify the product characteristics. The strategies, information and knowledge for a structured approach to product characteristics can then be developed.
Electrochemical Characteristics of the Self-Assembly Film on 6061 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Wen Yu Qing , Meng Hui Min , Shang Wei
Published: August 2013

The SAMs was prepared on aluminum alloy by self-assembly membrane technology. The surface morphology of the SAMs was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties of the SAMs and bare Al alloy samples were researched by Potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a 3.5-wt.% NaCl solution. The results showed that corrosion current density of the sample with the SAMs was 3.033×10-9Acm-2. The impedance of SAMs was three times than the bare Al alloy. The SAMs had better corrosion resistance than the sample of the bare aluminum alloy substrate.
Analysis and Design of Bohai Sea Major Scientific Special Project
Authors: Jiang Yi Peng , Luan Wei Xin
Published: August 2013

Scientific project management informatization is the current development trend, but there are few information systems about major scientific special project. The paper analyses the characteristics of Bohai Sea major scientific special project, designs and develops the system. It introduces the system design goal, design principles, function and structure, development environment, and further analyses the key technology of the system.
The Statistics Analysis of Degradation Data Based on the Degradation Amount Distribution
Authors: Wang Jun Sheng , He Yi Zhou , Wu Jin Huang , Lei Jun Wei
Published: August 2013

In order to solve the key technology and method in reliability study of the long-life products, the analysis method of degradation data based on the degradation amount distribution was proposed in this paper. On the basis of statistical model, by analyzing three models of degradation amount distribution, it can be got there is a large number of reliability information with high-reliable and long-life products in performance degradation data. In the case of not getting the failure data by life test and accelerated life test, reliability assessment and life prediction could be carried out for high reliability and long life products with performance degradation data.
Service Life Prediction for the Neoprene Used in Seawater
Authors: Wen Qing Zhen , Yu Chao , Zhu Jin Hua
Published: August 2013

The heat seawater method was designed and the accelerated aging tests of the neoprene were carried in laboratory. The toughness and strength of the neoprene in aging time was investigated. The rule of toughness and strength and aging time was studied. The service life prediction functions of the neoprene were established and service life at 25°C was estimated based on the index of toughness and strength. It is concluded that toughness and strength of the neoprene decreases in exponential form with aging time, and the service life of the neoprene used in sea water at 25°C is 29.5 years.
Shape Optimization of a Small Bus Steering Knuckle Considering a Fatigue Load
Authors: Lee Young Choon , Jeon Nam Jin , Kim Cheol , Ahn Seo Yeon , Cho Myung Jae
Published: August 2013

Finite element analysis was accomplished for a steering knuckle component of a small bus to see whether the static and fatigue strength requirements were satisfied or not. The knuckle was modeled with ANSYS 10-node quadratic elements. The cyclic fatigue load was applied and Soderberg criteria were applied to check the fatigue life. The knuckle structure has an infinite life (10-6 cycle) judging from the fatigue analyses. Shape optimization based on the gradient based method has been performed in order to find out the knuckle shape that has a minimum weight and satisfies the static and fatigue strength requirements. As a result of shape optimization, the weight of the steering knuckle was reduced 8%.
Study on Factors of Designing for Urban Rain Drain System
Authors: Wang Wei Zhuo
Published: August 2013

With the development of the urbanization, however, the torrential rain has caused a series of problems. Besides the factors of management,there are some other key factors in the design of the drain system, which effects the results of effect directly. This thesis studies optimization of rain drain from the view of design factor. By discussing the main factors, the method is tested.The result shows weights of these factors, and way to solve these problems.
The Influence of Nanofilled Aluminum Oxide on Electrical Tree Growth Behavior under High Voltage Non-Uniform Field Stress
Authors: Phommainh Miengma , Tonmitra Kittipong , Suksri Amnart
Published: August 2013

This paper proposed a study on solid insulator that can withstands the high electrical field stress. In order to clarify how the solid insulator can withstands the high electrical field stress, an Araldite epoxy resin with specific amount of nanoAluminum Oxide (Al2O3) filler have been chosen for the experiments. The influence of nanoAluminum Oxide (Al2O3) filler on the electrical tree propagation has been investigated. The electrodes of point-plane geometry were impregnated into the sample and tested under high voltage AC. The level of applied voltage was 12 kV (AC), 50 Hz. The results of experiment showed that the specific ratio of nanoAl2O3 (0.1 wt% to 0.3 wt%) filler can inhibit the growth of the electrical tree as well as it can withstands the high electrical field stress.
Preparation of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWNTs)/Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Hybrid Membranes and their Sorption Performance of Benzene/Cyclohexane
Authors: Wu Li Guang , Chen Yu Fei , Rong Yang , Wang Ting , Wang Yu Xing
Published: August 2013

Novel organic-inorganic hybrid membranes of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were successfully prepared. Then, the swelling adsorption experiments of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures were employed to evaluate the performance of these membranes. Via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), the effect of surface modification on the morphology and properties of carbon nanotubes and hybrid membranes were studied. The results indicated that the separation performance for benzene/cyclohexane of the hybrid membranes depended on both the polarity of carbon nanotubes and the distribution of MWNTs in PMMA. Because the dispersion of MWNTs were obviously improved after acidification and ammonization modification, the hybrid membranes including modified MWNTs showed higher performance than membranes with un-modified MWNTs. In addition, a large number of polar group were introduced in the MWNTs during modification of acidification and ammonization, which depressed obviously the physical adsorption of cyclohexane by MWNTs. Therefore, these two changes in the properties of MWNTs both improved the separation performance of hybrid membranes.
Experimental Study in Determining the Stress Intensity Factor by Using the Grid Method
Authors: Luo Perng Fei , Tsai Yung I
Published: August 2013

Grid method was used to measure the stress intensity factor KIof a mode I fracture specimen. The fracture specimen used in this study was a compact tension (CT) specimen made of 6061-T6 aluminum. A grid of dots was bonded along a radial line on the surface of the CT specimen. A 2D computer vision was used to acquire the images around the crack tip before and after the deformation of the CT specimen. Then the method of single dot was used to measure the magnitude and direction of the in-plane principle strains at the dot centers. Experimental results indicate that the measured strains can be used to accurately determine KI.
Bleeder Thickness Optimization for Controlling Resin Content in Thick Laminated Composites
Authors: Ganapathi A.S. , Joshi Sunil C. , Chen Zhong
Published: August 2013

Thick laminated composites are manufactured commonly by vacuum bagging of fiber-resin mix or prepregs on a suitable mould and, subsequently curing the lay-up at high temperature and pressure in an either autoclave or oven. At these pressures and temperatures, excess resin bleeds out of the lay-up during the initial stages of the curing. The amount of resin bleed is also a function of the bleeder parameters. Bleeder is a porous fibrous media that is laid around stacked lay-up to provide pathway for volatiles as well as absorb and hold the excess resin. Thicker or highly porous bleeders generally absorb higher amount of resin resulting in a resin starved laminate whereas very thin or denser bleeder leads to resin-rich areas within the laminate. It is thus important to select optimum bleeder parameters in order to achieve a desired resin volume fraction and its uniformity in a composite laminate upon curing.
This paper details the simulation of the manufacturing of a thick laminated composite, where a significant amount resin is likely to flow out of a curing lay-up, leading to an optimization of bleeder parameters. A coupled, transient FE analysis is conducted that involves not only the heat transfer, resin flow and cure reaction kinetics simulation but also the simulation of the compaction of the wet laminate and the bleeder layers until the laminate is fully cured. Details of an experiment conducted to find compression characteristics of bleeder of varying thickness and the number of layers and related data that was used in the FE analysis are discussed in this paper.
It is found that bleeder thickness significantly affects the amount of resin bleeding out from the curing laminate. As a result, the resin volume fraction of the laminate is affected. Case studies carried out to highlight the optimum bleeder thickness for a lay-up, and the method used to decide the thickness and the number of bleeder layers, are presented.
The Contrast of Reduction of Seismic Response in Seismic Specification between China and Japan Caused by Equivalent Damping Ratio
Authors: Nie Wen Jing , Bai Yu , Kuang Hao Wei
Published: August 2013

The increase in the structural damping ratio can make the degree of seismic response lower, while the damping ratio causes the seismic response differently in the different national specification. The paper first introduces the principle of equivalent damping ratio of the seismic response calculation methods in seismic specification of China and Japan, then analyzes and compares reduction of seismic response caused by the equivalent damping ratio in seismic specification of China and Japan by calculating data.
Efficiency of Forest Chip Supply Systems in Northwest Russia
Authors: Sukhanov Yuri , Seliverstov Alexander , Gerasimov Yuri
Published: August 2013

Northwest Russia has significant volumes of woody biomass of different origins that are available for energy, butwoodis not widely used as fuel.Four alternatives of forest chip supply systems were compared in the Republic of Kareliawith the support systemand the most favorable methods of wood chip production were determined by the local market conditions. The collection of logging residues for chipping is cost-effective if the distance to the customer is less than 100 km. The use of round energy wood for the production of forest chips compared with the use of logging residues is more economically feasible. In this case, forest chips can be transported up to 150 km. The availability of logging residues largely depends on the load-bearing capacity of the soil at harvesting sites. When considering the local market, a production method based on chipping energy wood at the end user facility has the best economic efficiency.
Compressive Strength Properties of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Ryu Gum Sung , Ahn Gi Hong , Koh Kyung Taek , Lee Jang Hwa
Published: August 2013

This study intends to investigate experimentally the mechanical characteristics of the compressive strength and elastic modulus of concrete using 3 types of binder that are ordinary Portland cement, fly ash and physically milled fly ash. The test results show that the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the cement-zero concrete reached respectively 30.0 MPa and 19.1 GPa, and indicated that more than 90% of the strength was developed at early age. In addition, a comparison of the geopolymer concrete with ordinary concrete enabled to derive and suggest formulaeexpressing the elastic modulus in function of the compressive strength.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Tensile Properties of Nano-Layered Materials
Authors: Uehara Takuya
Published: August 2013

Mechanical properties of nanolayered materials were simulated using molecular dynamics method. Elastic modulus was especially focused in this study, and the effect of layer width and the interval of the layers on the deformation behavior were discussed. Tension was imposed by adding a mono-axial strain in the x direction at a constant rate, while the other two normal components of stress were controlled to be zero. The influence of the dimension was preliminarily checked to avoid the model-size dependency, and the suitable size was determined as a cube with 12 unit cells in the x, y and z directions. First, a single nanolayer was set in the model, and the layer width was varied. The obtained elastic modulus showed almost linear dependency with the layer width. Then the interval of the layer was varied, and it revealed that the elastic moduli depend on the cross-sectional ratio of the layered material rather than the layer interval.
Study on Performance of New JJH Soil Solidifying Agent
Authors: Sun En Yu , Zhang Xi Kuan
Published: August 2013

The paper is on the basis of the study on mechanism of Soil solidifying agent,and created a New JJH Soil solidifying agent compounded of NaOH and slag micropowder which are the main raw material,then studied its properties. The results show that the unconfined compressive strength, water stability and freeze thaw stability of the new soil solidified agent are performance. It can meet the requirements in relevant national technical specification, the 7d age strength of solidified soil is more than 2MPa and water stability coefficient is more than 0.8. opens up a new train of thought to a new type of soil solidifying agent.
A Theoretical Study on the Vibrational Spectra and Thermodynamic Properties for the Derivatives of HNS with –CH3, –N3, and –NF2 Groups
Authors: Wang Gui Xiang , Gong Xue Dong , Xiao He Ming
Published: August 2013

The derivatives of HNS are optimized to obtain their molecular geometries and electronic structures at the DFT-B3LYP/ 6-31G* level. Their IR spectra are obtained and assigned by vibrational analysis. Compared with the experimental results, all the calculated IR data are found to be reliable. Based on the frequencies scaled by 0.96 and the principle of statistic thermodynamics, the thermodynamic properties are evaluated, which are respectively linearly related with the number of methyl, azido and difluoramino groups as well as the temperature, obviously showing good group additivity.
Endogenous Water System Pollution Kuznets Curve in China
Authors: Zuo Hui , Ai Dan Xiang
Published: August 2013

Based on the data of river cross section water quality in China from 2002 to 2011, we analyze the interrelationship between economic growth and water pollution. The results reveal that water environment will deteriorate with economic growth currently. Openness has no significant effect on pollution. Pollution heaven hypothesis is not true due to environmental regulation. Positive structure effect relies heavily on the substitution of industry. Excellence in environment quality brings more tolerance of exhaustion than productivity to economic growth.
Arsenic Release from Highly Contaminated Sediment during Resuspesion
Authors: Yu Hui Xin , Chen Yi Ping , Jia Yong Feng
Published: August 2013

Arsenic release mediated by biotic and abiotic activities from sediment during resuspension was investigated in laboratory. The results showed that arsenic was released strongly during resuspension, indicating highly contaminated sediment disturbed by wave or anthropogenic process may lead to strong arsenic release and threaten the local aquatic environment. Combine with change of solid species, we can conclude that oxidation of arsenic sulfides primarily contributed to arsenic release to the aqueous phase. Arsenic release was significantly accelerated by aerobic bacteria compared with uninoculated systems, suggesting biotic oxidation of arsenic sulfides may be the dominant mechanism responsible for partition of arsenic between solid and aqueous phase during resuspension.
Sustainable Development of the Rural Ecological Environment Planning Studies: A Case Studt on Dongbaizhuangbeidui Village
Authors: Fan Wei , Shang Gai Zhen
Published: August 2013

In this study, from the point of view of the ecological environment of the modern rural analysis and research on rural, ecological environment as the research object,Research programs under the overall guidance of the sustainable development strategy, the Anxin county Liulizhuang Town DongBaiZhuangBeiDui village and environmental symbiosis, in harmony with the natural the rural ecological landscape method. And to strengthen the sustainable development of the ecological environment of the Anxin county Liulizhuang Town DongBaiZhuangBeiDui village, urban and rural, regional development, and comprehensively promote the construction of a new socialist countryside and build a resource-saving, environment-friendly harmonious society to provide certain theory reference.
Structure Design of the Hydraulic Support Sprag Units for Great Mining Height
Authors: Wang Li Ping , Shao Xiao Wei , Qiu Chun Yan , Huang Wei Min
Published: August 2013

In this paper,the importance of controlling side fall in great mining height coal face is introduced,and the stability of great mining height coal seam,the types and characteristics of sprag units are researched. Through the study this paper designs and confirms the sprag units structure which is fit for the great mining height hydraulic supports well. Hydraulic support sprag unit structure mainly have two types: simple aticulated type and four-bar linkage type.By the analysis and comparision of the characteristic of retractable type and folding type, the folding sprag units which has better integral rigidity is selected.It also provides the methods and experience for the the design of hydraulic support ,especially for the sprag units design of great height hydraulic supports.
Exact Solution of High-Speed Couplings for Interference Fits
Authors: Shang Peng , Zhan Ying , Feng Sheng , Zhou Jian , Yu Lie
Published: August 2013

High-speed couplings are the key parts of micro-turbomachinerys. They are assembled to shafts by interference fits, which can transfer large torque, are easy to produce and offer significant cost advantages. Considering of the influences of the torque, rotational speed and temperature variation, the interference fits between couplings and shafts have to be analyzed accurately in order to save the construction cost and reducing risk of invalidation accidents. In this paper, a model of the interference fit between a coupling and a shaft is developed to study the determine parameters of the interference value. Using the classic elastic plane stress theory, the exact solutions of the radial stresses, hoop stresses and radial displacements are obtained. Three determine parameters (the torque, angular velocity and temperature variation correction terms) are derived in order to calculate the interference value. Taking a high-speed microturbomachinery for example, the numerical results show that the interference value is dependent of the ratios of inner radius to outer radius of the coupling and shaft significantly. The torque, angular velocity and temperature variation correction terms are in the same order of magnitude. The present analytical solutions are expected to be useful in the structure design of the interference fit between a high-speed coupling and a shaft.
Develop Radiator Core Shape Parametric Modeling Software Based on Fluent Secondary Development Using VC++
Authors: Li He Jia , Wang Hui , Yao Cheng , Gao Wen Ju , Piao De Hui , Chen Xi Long , Chang Ming , Cheng Yan Wei
Published: August 2013

Vehicle radiator is the important heat-exchange equipment to improve the power, economy and reliability of the engine and transmission device, the selection and design of radiator is limited by the vehicle cabin space. In order to meet the cooling requirements, radiator core shape design is optimized. During the radiator core shape optimal design, there is a manual repetitive operation problem when Fluent pre-processing software Gambit establishes 3D mesh model according to the different testing points, Fluent secondary development using VC++6.0 programming language develops the radiator core shape parametric modeling software and improves development efficiency.
Improvement in Mechanical Property of SiO2 Films Prepared by Sol-Gel
Authors: Guo Pei Tao
Published: August 2013

Silica films prepared by the base catalyzed sol–gel process show poor mechanical property. In this study, silica anti-reflective films with good mechanical property have been prepared by the catalyzed sol–gel process with dimethyl formamide added as drying control chemical additives. The silica sol was first dip deposited onto substrate to form films on both sides of the substrate and then subjected to thermal treatment. After thermal treatment, the film was achieved due to the formation of porous structure in the resultant film as a result of decomposing tetraethylorthosilicate and dimethyl formamide. Nano-indenter measurement shows that the Young’s modulus and hardness of base catalyzed films are 10-20GPa and 0.25-0.55GPa, respectively. But the films added with dimethyl formamide are much better than those films derived from base-catalyzed silica sols, the Young’s modulus and hardness are 32-39GPa and 1.22-1.47GPa, respectively. The good mechanical properties make such films potential in both military and civil applications.
Mixing Short Fiber-Rubber Composite by New Rotor with Variable Clearance
Authors: Han Xue Zheng , Liu Cai Jun
Published: August 2013

The mixing mechanism of short fiber/rubber composite was analyzed. The clearance between the rotor edge peak and mixing chamber influenced mixing, dispersion and length of the short fibers in compound. The new rotor was designed with variable clearance. The large clearance gap improve the mixing, and the small clearance gap helped to improve the dispersion of short fiber. The mixing quality and performance of short fiber/rubber composite were improved by using the new rotor, and the production efficiency increased.
Research on Performance of Stern Shaft Mechanical Seal Based on FLUENT
Authors: Liu Peng , Liu Zheng Lin , Zhang Sheng Dong , Qin Bo , Zhao Liang
Published: August 2013

Reasonable assumptions and boundary conditions, the application of CFD method of mechanical seal ring structure analysis and thermal-structural coupling analysis, research on the temperature field and the pressure field distribution of the water flim between moving and the stationary ring . Comparing the change of the maximum temperature and the water film bearing capacity though different inlet velocity and different speed under, known as the fluid inlet speed increases, the maximum temperature of the sealing water film gradually decreased, the bearing capacity gradually increased; as the stern shaft speed increases, the sealing water film maximum temperature gradually reduced, and the bearing capacity of the sealing water film is gradually increased. In this paper, the research to maintain the good performance of the stern shaft mechanical seal has important significance and role.
The Research of Lubricating and Colling System of the Low-Speed and Heavy-Load Sliding Bearing
Authors: Sun Pei Ming , Wei Xie Ben , Chen Shu Qin
Published: August 2013

This paper analyzes the influence of lubricating oil film of the low-speed and heavy-load sliding bearing on a variety of factors. It introduces the operation of Bearing for lubricating oil film in monitoring method, common fault causes and treatment measures. Finally, the bearing cooling system structure is discussed, providing reference for practical engineering application. There are many reasons to cause the failure of the bearing lubrication such as bearing assembly defects, the error of size and cooling system problems. By detecting and contrast parameters, this study analyze the determine data and correct the fault. Through the use of reasonable structure of the oil tank and cooling water channel, we can improve the lubrication performance, and extend the bearing life. This paper analyzes the factors restricting the low speed and high load sliding bearing lubricant film, and solves the actual bearing lubrication problem.
Giant Displacements in IPMC-Based Structures: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Cha Young Su , Nardinocchi Paola , Pezzulla Matteo , Porfiri Maurizio
Published: August 2013

A joint preliminary study has been performed to elucidate the capability of IPMC-based structures mimicking the behavior of biological systems. The structural deformation in response to an applied voltage is described within a nonlinear physics-based model of IPMC actuators. A characteristic of the model is the varying-along-the-thickness relative permittivity of the IPMCs, which takes into account the highly heterogeneous layers resulting from electrode deposition, where charge redistribution occurs. Preliminary experiments on an IPMC-based medusoid are presented to offer some validation of the modeling approach and provide directions for further studies.
Effects of Surface Treatments of Polycaprolactone Scaffolds on their Properties
Authors: Kosorn Wasana , Thavornyutikarn Boonlom , Janvikul Wanida
Published: August 2013

Polycaprolactone (PCL) was surface modified with alkaline hydrolysis by NaOH and/or low pressure oxygen (O2) plasma treatment. The hydrolysis was conducted in two different stages: one was performed prior to PCL scaffold fabrication by a high pressure supercritical CO2 technique; the other was carried out after the fabrication. The resulting hydrolyzed PCL scaffolds, with pore sizes in the range of 150-250 μm, were denoted as pre-HPCL and post-HPCL, respectively. Both non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed PCL scaffolds were subsequently subjected to the plasma treatment, to further enhance the hydrophilicity of the scaffolds. The surface morphology, wettability and chemical composition of all PCL scaffolds were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle measurement, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. It was found that the surface of the scaffolds turned from fairly smooth to highly rough after the hydrolysis and plasma treatment, particularly when both treatments were in use. The post-hydrolysis induced more surface roughness, compared to the pre-hydrolysis. In addition, the water contact angles on the scaffolds enormously reduced after the treatments; plasma treatment, however, showed a more prominent effect than the alkaline hydrolysis. Although expressing a zero-degree contact angle, the plasma-treated pre-HPCL scaffold was wetted more readily than the plasma-treated post-HPCL. These were in good agreement with the XPS results; interestingly, the plasma-treated pre-HPCL scaffold exhibited the greatest O/C atomic ratio among the PCL scaffolds. This indicated its highest extent of PCL chain oxidation, a degradation of ester groups into-COOH and-OH groups.
Isolation of Nanocellulose from Pomelo Fruit Fibers by Chemical Treatments
Authors: Yongvanich Niti , Visuttpitukul Pattama
Published: August 2013

This study aims to isolate cellulose nanofibers from locally abundant pomelo fruit. Only the inner, soft peels were selected for investigation. The peels were subjected to alkali treatment (NaOH) with different concentrations and soaking times. Acid hydrolysis was also carried out to obtain an aqueous suspension of nanocellulose. The treated cellulose fibers were characterized by various methods. The effect of alkali treatment was initially confirmed by Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) Spectra which displayed disappearance of several peaks belonging to non-cellulosic materials. The sharpening of the absorption at around 914 cm-1 is attributed the β-glycosidic linkages between the sugar units in cellulose. Alkali treatment also helped eliminate the non-cellulosic constituents via reduction in the 1240 and 1750 cm-1 peak. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis revealed an improved onset of degradation likely caused by an increase in crystallinity evidenced by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) through the presence of two well-defined reflections characteristic of cellulose. The morphological and structural characterization by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) still revealed a compact structure even after alkali treatment. However, acid hydrolysis was successful in individualizing cellulose nanofibers as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The diameter of these nanofibers was in the 10 - 20 nm range with various lengths.
Comparative Studies on the Mechanical and Thermo-Mechanical Performance of Flax Fiber Reinforced Polyester and Polyester-Biopolymer Blend Resins
Authors: Hosur Mahesh , Maroju Harika , Jeelani Shaik
Published: August 2013

Bio-composites made of biopolymer and natural fibers provide good alternative to traditional fiber reinforced composites made of synthetic fibers and non-biodegradable polymers. In order for biocomposites to attain widespread applications and acceptance, compatibility between natural fibers and biopolymers in terms of good interfacial load transfer should be established which could be obtained through fiber surface treatment. Hence, current investigations were focused on the surface treatment of fiber and study its influence on the adhesion between fiber and polymer matrix. Initially, dew retted flax fibers were treated with alkali by varying concentration keeping temperature and time constant. The fibers were treated with 2.5, 5, and 7% of alkali at room temperature for one hour. 2.5% treated fiber showed comparatively better properties than higher concentration. Hence, for further studies, all flax fibers were treated with 2.5% solution of alkali at different temperatures. In the next phase of study, biocomposites were prepared by immersing fiber mats in resin bath and compression molded using a hot press. Two polymers: Polyester and a polyester-biopolymer blend, ENVIREZ® 1807 were used as matrix. Moisture absorption, mechanical and thermomechanical tests were conducted on the composites. It was determined that treated composites showed reduction in moisture uptake compared to untreated. Alkali treated composites showed an increase in flexural properties as well as storage modulus. The improvement of composites properties is attributed to the chemical treatment. Composites made using ENVIREZ® 1807 which has about 18% of natural polymer blend showed comparable properties with those of polyester resin system with potential to reduce amount of styrene used in fabrication.
Evaluation of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of MCC/PLA Composite Compatibilized with Modified Cellulose
Authors: Suchaiya Voravadee , Aht-Ong Duangdao
Published: August 2013

Biocomposite films from polylactic acid (PLA) and 40wt% banana stem microcrystalline cellulose (BS MCC) were prepared by a twin screw extruder. Two types of cellulose ester, i.e. cellulose butyrate and cellulose laurate were used as a compatibilizer. The cellulose esters were prepared via acylation process under microwave heating. The proper condition for preparing cellulose butyrate was 180 sec of reaction time and 80 watt of power output, while the suitable condition for preparing cellulose laurate was 150 sec of reaction time and 160 watt of power output, respectively. These suitable conditions led to the highest %WI and the absence of the degradation of cellulose. The FT-IR and NMR spectra techniques confirmed that butyrate and laurate were grafted on the BS MCC. For biocomposite films, although the increase of cellulose laurate or cellulose butyrate induced the decrease of Youngs modulus of 40wt% BS MCC/PLA composite, the elongation at break of 40wt% BS MCC/PLA composite was increased. Besides, the addition of 5wt% cellulose butyrate or cellulose laurate resulted in the highest tensile properties, especially in elongation at break, when compared to other contents of cellulose ester. Moreover, cellulose butyrate is an effective compatibilizer to improve the elongation at break of 40wt% BS MCC/PLA since cellulose butyrate had better compatibility with BS MCC and PLA matrix. However, the addition of two types of cellulose ester led to the decrease in the degradation temperature (Td) of 40wt% BS MCC/PLA, particularly in case of the addition of cellulose laurate.
Factors Affecting Formation of Emulsions Containing Soybean Oil
Authors: Pengon Sirikarn , Limmatvapirat Chutima , Sriamornsak Pornsak , Limmatvapirat Sontaya
Published: August 2013

The aim of study was to prepare a water compatible form of soybean oil through nanoemulsification. Factors affecting properties of nanoemulsions containing soybean oil such as types and amounts of surfactants (Tween 60, Cremophor RH-40, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and Lutrol F-127) were investigated. The results demonstrated that types and amount of surfactants affected the formation and physical stability of nanoemulsions. The emulsions containing Cremophor RH-40 and Lutrol F-127 showed 100% creaming while those containing Tween 60 and SLS indicated the lower percentage of creaming suggesting the less physical stability. However, the formation of nanoemulsions was not observed in the formula containing Lutrol F-127. The average droplet size of emulsions was 1766 nm and 193 nm for emulsions containing 5% w/w Lutrol F-127 and Cremophor RH-40, respectively. The droplet size was also affected by the amount of Cremophor RH-40. The droplet size was decreased from 795 to 114 nm as increasing amount of Cremophor RH-40 from 2.5 to 10 %w/w. Additionally, the properties of nanoemulsions containing Cremophor RH-40, including physical appearance, droplet size and zeta potential, were not change even after temperature cycling. In conclusion, the more water compatible form of soybean oil was accomplished through incorporation into the nanoemulsions with specific type and amount of surfactant.
A Simple Multi-Models Rendering Framework - PM-OCMMRF
Authors: Feng Qin , Luo Jian Xin , Ni Gui Qiang , Wang Bai , Jiang Jin Song , Deng Zhan Tao
Published: August 2013

We presented a new framework for dynamic level of detail rendering of multi-models. Our framework adopts LOD control on every single model, and keeps low screen errors. Firstly, we introduce a new simple and efficient implementation of PM which is used to save memory and CPU resource. Secondly, we try to optimize all models by combining progressive mesh with occlusion culling. At last, we promote a view-dependent level of detail rendering system by technics such as frustum culling, LOD control, reservation of resource, GPU cache and so on. Experiments show that this simple framework which is named PM-OCMMRF (Progressive Mesh-Occlusion Culling combined Multi-Models Rendering Framework) values a lot in applications of rendering multi-models.
Based on Time-Delay and Bandwidth Relay Selection Algorithm for Radio and Television Services
Authors: Zhang Chao Yi , Wu Mu Qing , Luan Lin Lin , Xu Chun Xiu
Published: August 2013

Proposed a relay routing method for Radio and TV services, the method through obtaining the nodes time-delay and power information, obtained the value of the system interrupt decisions, and as a decision threshold to select the relay node. While in consideration of link priorities and fairness, designed a relay routing protocol that can dynamically change the route when the network changed. Simulation results show that this protocol can be expanded coverage, reduced communication blind spots, increase system throughput and enhance the quality of service.
Synthesis and Characterization of NIR Luminescent LaF3:Ln3+ Nanoparticles and their Transparent Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Nampoothiri Pramod K. , Gandhi Mayuri N. , Kulkarni A.R.
Published: August 2013

Near infrared (NIR) emitting LaF3:Ln3+ (Ln3+→Nd3+, Er3+, Yb3+ and Ho3+) singly doped nanoparticles (NPs), with an average size of 5 nm, have been synthesized using simple co-precipitation route. Nanoparticles were functionalized with oleic acid. FTIR spectra revealed the prescience of chemisorbed oleic acid on the surface of nanoparticles. 10 wt % of LaF3:Nd3+ nanoparticles were incorporated into epoxy by solution mixing method. The LaF3:Nd3+-Epoxy Nanocomposites showed good transparency along with prominent NIR emissions at 880 nm, 1053 nm and 1330 nm on excitation at 575 nm.
Preparation and Verification of a Limit Protective Isolation Structural Analysis Programs
Authors: Liu Jin Hui , Wang Tian Yuan , Zhao Zhi Hao , Wei Yu Bo
Published: August 2013

The big earthquake is a sudden, devastating natural disasters, and cause great harm to social.Earthquake damage to the structure of the building is the main reason to cause personal injury.Therefore, seismic research is particularly important.With further research,seismic studies from traditional seismic structure gradually developed into the base isolation,and the basis of isolation to become a major research focus.Although many studies of base isolation structure,But for foundation isolation in limit structure research is not enough, and not paid enough attention to practical engineering.Therefore, based on the theory of structural dynamics, create a calculation model, preparation of the limit protective isolation structure analysis procedures, and validation analysis Limit Protection Isolation structure can better analyze dynamic schedule.
Stability Analysis of Large Underground Station Based on Coupled Fluid-Solid Theorem
Authors: Cao Rui Lang , He Shao Hui , Wang Fang , Qi Fa Lin
Published: August 2013

Tunnelling may disturb the intrinsic balance of a stratum, and result in accidents like caving or gushing. In order to assess the security of underground station project, numerical analysis for the stability of surrounding rock was done with fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in three dimensions (FLAC3D), Multiple factors were considered, including surrounding rock classes, tunnel depths, groundwater tables, construction methods and initial supporting systems. According to the results of principal stresses, displacements, plastic zones, pore pressure distribution and the mechanical characters of supporting system including anchors and shotcrete, the seepage mechanism of underground station has been discussed. The pore pressure distribution of deep-buried tunnel was studied as well. The study results can provide a theoretical basis for the design of tunnel and underground works in aquifer strata.
Experimental Research on Settlement Distribution of Composite Foundation Configured with Walled Soil Improvement
Authors: Li Wei , Wang De Min , Li Chao , Zeng Qing Hui
Published: August 2013

Because of the poor geological condition in the soft area, the bearing capacity of the ground is lower, which will cause large settlement of buildings. To cope with weak or compressible soils and control the differential settlement, the authors present a composite foundation system with net walled soil improvement. In this paper, the settlement of the composite foundations configured with different forms of walled soil improvement is studied by model tests. Through these tests, we see that the settlement in the center is much larger than that at the edge under uniform ground rigidity, and foundations differential settlement or settlement distribution is mainly decided by the rigidity and stiffness distribution of ground. If increasing the depth or area of walled soil improvement near the center of foundation, the differential settlement can be greatly reduced.
Developing Digi-Mechanical Formwork for Construction in Environments of Displacement
Authors: Shaffer Marcus
Published: August 2013

This paper details the development of (semi-automated) digi-mechanical formwork to be used for constructing emergency urbanism in environments of population displacement. Through a combination of advancements in CAM technologies, continuous developments in remote power sources, and the ubiquitous reach of telecommunications networks, design professionals in the near future will have the capacity to transmit construction aid in the form of deployable building-making machinery to refugee populations in dire need of the physical, economic, and cultural benefits of architecture. This project has evolved from a series of linked/hinged casting plates manipulated by hand-cranks or drills, into a mechanized casting textile of linked formwork cartridges driven by hi-torque motors, controlled through a cell phone app.
Research of Cascade Reservoirs Flood Limit Level Dynamic Control Based on Game Theory
Authors: Xuan Ying Ji , Xu Jiang Song
Published: August 2013

This paper proposes a cascade reservoir flood limit level control model based on complete information dynamic game. By solving the model, the result shows that under the premise of ensuring flood safety, this equalization scheme will increase generating capacity, guaranteed output, and improve water utilization, effectively solve the conflict between flood protection and conservation.
Study on the Geological Disasters of Heap Leaching Field and the Prevention of a Copper Mine in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Zhang Fei , Wang Mo Shu , Tian Rui , Wang Bing
Published: August 2013

The heap leaching field of a copper mine located at the top of the hill border of the open mining pit, also in the collapse zone of the underground mined area. With deep underground mining activities are carrying out, there are more and more prominent risks of geological disasters. In order to effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of geological hazards, researching and exploring the law of the disaster, and making a geological disaster control measures.
Hydrologic and Hydraulic Analysis of City Flood Control
Authors: Fan Bei Lin , Li Changan
Published: August 2013

City is the political, economic, and cultural center, has a strong cohesive force and radiation force. In recent years, with the rapid expansion of city scale, Flood control of Jiangan as been more suited to the development requirements as a constraint to social and economy and healthy development .This paper study the flood and waterlogging control hydrological analysis based on the research of regional flood and waterlogging control, ability, and provide an important guarantee for flood control.
Assembly Line Balancing in Manufacturing Processes: Using Simulation Model
Authors: Adham Ali A.J. , Zainuddin Hamzah Bin , Siali Fadilah Binti , Azizan Noor Azlinna Binti
Published: August 2013

Assembly line design is an important part of the production system in manufacturing processes. An assembly line, which consists of a sequence of workstations, is an efficient method of manufacturing high-volume products such as automobile parts and microcomputers. In designing an assembly line, it is common practice to "balance" the line so that a more uniform flow is maintained. The Assembly Line Balancing (ALB) scheduler evaluates the effect of the different online sequence of parts on production cycle, balances workload and utilization ratio, minimizes span of the assembly line. The simulation model approach in this study to obtain the scenarios which are reducing the unbalancing time. The simulator presented herein, named Assembly Line Simulator (ALS), can be used as supporting tool in finding solutions of the assembly line balancing problem. Throughout the scenarios of the optimum method will be chosen which scenario is represented minimum idle time it will be the optimum balance of the assembly line.
AHP Approach for Material Management Operation in a Cutting Edge Electronics Design Manufacturing Company
Authors: Manopiniwes Wapee , Suphameteeskul Nartthida , Janchai Worawit
Published: August 2013

The current paper is to study and obtain the most favorable criteria and sub-factors referred to the material management operations of the cutting edge electronics design manufacturing company in Thailand. The study is a complex problem involving qualitative and quantitative multi-criteria that has been considered in four main clusters consisting of Quality, Cost, Delivery and Productivity. A trade-off between these tangible and intangible factors is essential in selecting the most important factors. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied in prioritizing the clusters and sub-factors with the pairwise comparison technique. The result of proposed framework indicates that can be applied to improve and assist decision-making in choosing the optimal factors combination for the company case study.
Production Control Strategy and its Parameters Optimization for a Two-Stage Production System
Authors: Wang Hai Xia , Cao Le , Yan Ping
Published: August 2013

On-off of the standby system is an important factor that influences the performance of the production system. A dual threshold control strategy based on the on-off control of the standby system is proposed for the optimal control of the two-stage production system for which the last stage has stochastic production capacity. A control parameters optimization model is built with the objective of minimizing the total production cost, and a genetic algorithm is adopted to resolve the optimization problem. Finally, an example is taken to validate the effectiveness of the proposed dual threshold control strategy and the parameter optimization algorithm.
The Metastable Phase Responsible for Hardenig in an Al-Mg Alloy Aged at 473K
Authors: Fukui Koichiro , Mori Ayaka , Mitome Masanori , Takeda Mahoto
Published: August 2013

The present work investigated precipitation behavior in an Al-17at%Mg alloy isothermally aged at 473K, by means of Vickers microhardness tests, DSC measurements and TEM observations. A quantitative analysis of DSC measurements revealed that the metastable β-phase precipitates mainly contribute to precipitation hardening of this alloy aged at 473K. The present STEM-EDX observations confirmed that the metastable β-phase precipitate has a layer structure with a composition similar to the stable phase (Al3Mg2).
PLC-Based Laboratory Intelligent Management System
Authors: Chi Chen
Published: August 2013

This study proposes the design method of a PLC-based laboratory intelligent management system. The proposed system presents an integration of various technologies, including fingerprint recognition, touch screen interaction, wireless coded remote control, computer software, hardware control, and software management. The practical application of the proposed system demonstrates certain advantages, such as easy installation, reliable operation, and convenient information preservation, processing, and inquiry. The proposed system can significantly improve the modern management level of university laboratories.