bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on Quantitative Determination of Polyphenols in Seven Harvesting
Times of Salvia deserta Schang Leaves and its Stability Evaluation
Authors: Wang Linyang , Aikemu Ainiwaer , Wang Liwa , Tian Shuge
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Leaves of Salvia deserta Schang at seven harvesting times in the same year
were collected as the materials.

Method:

The polyphenols were determined by the Folin–Ciocaileu method and High-Performance
Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to compare the quality of samples. The stability of polyphenols was
studied under different conditions (light, temperature, pH, common additives).

Results:

The results showed that the established method is fast, simple and reliable, which is fully
validated in terms of outstanding validation data. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
for the determination of total polyphenol content can be quickly and accurately detected, reducing
the error of manual determination of the content. The study of polyphenol stability was carried out
using a UV spectrophotometer (UV) in order to explore the potential factors affecting polyphenol
stability as much as possible and to make the study as scientific and rigorous as possible. The results
of quantitative determination showed that there are obvious differences in the content of polyphenols
in seven samples. The contents of total polyphenols, rosmarinic acid (RA) and caffeic acid (CA) in
the samples harvested in July reached the highest level of 41.37, 26.73 and 1.05 mg/g.

Conclusion:

The results of the stability assay found that light could damage the stability of polyphenols
in samples, especially UV light. Polyphenols are quite sensitive to high temperatures. While
polyphenols are less stable when exposed to high alkali conditions and salt treatment, they are much
more stable when subjected to low concentrations of redox agents, carbohydrates, and preservatives.
The developed methods and stability evaluation provide valuable basis information for quality evaluation
and the following use of polyphenols in S. deserta Schang leaves.
Patient Outcomes and Healthcare Practices Before and After COVID-19 Vaccination: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Ansari Asma Imran , Abbas Mohammad , Rizvi Aliya Abbas , Afreen Sheeba , Verma Shrikant , Mehdi Mahvish , Verma Sushma , Mahdi Farzana
Published: May 2024

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) unleashed a global
pneumonia pandemic, causing significant harm to both physical and mental health. It emphasized
the urgency for specialized therapies and protective measures. Approaches, including immunotherapy,
antiviral drugs, and lifestyle improvements, like diet and exercise, have shown promise in controlling
viral spread before widespread vaccination. However, COVID-19 vaccinations, while critical
for reducing disease severity, have been associated with potential side effects, including transient
cognitive impairment, rare renal disorders, physiologic anomalies, and dermatological reactions. The
scientific community continues to rigorously study these issues to ensure the safety and efficacy of
vaccination programs and to address the multifaceted impact of the pandemic.
Economic Valuation of Mangrove Ecosystem in Sari Ringgung, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province
Authors:   Marine Science Study Program, Fisheries and Marine Department Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Efendi Eko , Lahay Almira Fardani , Susanti Oktora ,   Marine Science Study Program, Fisheries and Marine Department Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung
Published: May 2024

Mangrove ecosystems play an important role in human life. It’s ecological role includes trapping sediment, protecting shorelines, and providing a natural habitat. The economic function of mangrove forests is for it to be a place for mangrove ecotourism, source of fisheries, source of food, and so on. This research aimed to quantify the monetary value of mangrove forests in Sari Ringgung. The method used in this study is an exploratory descriptive method that quantifies the total value of direct and indirect use of mangrove forest ecosystems. The research results showed that the mangroves found mainly consisted of 5 types i.e. Avicennia marina, Rhizophora apculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylos, and Bruguiera cylindrica. The total economic value of mangrove forests in the Sari Ringgung area, Pesawaran Regency is IDR 109,953,256,105, which consists of the use value ofIDR 46,855,529,425 and the non-use value of IDR 888,172,548. The use value consists of a direct use value of IDR 138,060,000 and an indirect use value of 46,717,469,425, while the non-use value consists of an existence value of 874,366,548, an option value of 62,209,554,132 and a value of 13,806,000. The total economic value of the mangrove forests was in the high-value category, although the area of mangrove forests in Sari Ringgung and Pesawaran Regency has decreased.
Economic of Small-Scale Hand Line Fishery Fleet Production Based On Driving Power in Every Season in The Small Island Park Conservation Area, Southeast Maluku Regency
Authors:   Department of Fishery Products Technology, Tual State Fisheries Polytechnic, Langgur, Southeast Maluku Regency, Maluku Province, Indonesia, Picaulima Simon. M. , Makailipessy Marvin. M. , Thenu Imanuel M ,   Department of Fishery Products Technology, Tual State Fisheries Polytechnic, Langgur, Southeast Maluku Regency, Maluku Province, Indonesia
Published: May 2024

The economic benefits of hand line production activities carried out by small fishermen utilizing some inputs to produce high economic value output each season in the Kei Kecil small island park (TPK) conservation area differ according to the driving power. Production cost efficiency, effectiveness of production results, and business profits are very important for the sustainability and development of small-scale hand-line fisheries. This study aims to analyze the economics of small-scale hand line production based on the driving power in each season in the TPK Kei conservation area. The type of data needed is primary and secondary data, and the collection method used is triangulation. The analysis used includes analysis of business profits, production cost efficiency, and effectiveness of production results. The results of the analysis show that the production of hand line carried out in the TPK Kei Kecil conservation area in each season is more efficient and effective in the hand line fishing fleet that uses hand line rowing and the highest business profit is the hand line fishing fleet that uses ketinting driving power. The production of small-scale hand lines in the TPK Kei conservation area is small in each season efficiently, effectively, and profitably.
Technical and Financial Analysis of Floating Lift Net Business in Tulehu Village, Central Maluku Regency
Authors:   Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Pattimura University, Bawole Dionisius , Wally Sakina , Ruban Angela , Apituley Yolanda Marla Tania Nangkah ,   Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Pattimura University
Published: May 2024

Uncertainty of sustainability is a common problem in the fisheries business due to the nature of the fishes, which are seasonal and highly perishable. Therefore, financial analysis of this kind of business is essential to maintain its sustainability. Many small-scale fishing businesses requires an organized financial record keeping. This research is aimed at (1). Analyze the technical conditions of the floating lift net business in Tulehu Village, Central Maluku Regency, and (2) Analyze the financial aspects of the floating lift net business in Tulehu Village, Central Maluku Regency. The results show that the floating lift net in Tulehu Village measured 18m x 20m, with the construction parts consisting of a balancer, lift net house, support poles, net rollers, and anchor rollers, while the parts of the additional equipment which consist of nets, lighting devices, boats, and transport machines as well as scoops. The average number of fishing activities for floating lift nets in non-fishing seasons is 55 trips, while in the fishing season, it is 138 trips, with different fishing areas depending on the season. Based on the investment assessment criteria, the average R/C calculation value is 3.4, the average PP value is 3.26, and the average ROI value is 34.87%. The floating lift net business at the research location is financially feasible to develop.
The Relationship between the Sharecropping System, Informal Credit, and Productivity: The Empirical Evidence from the Madurese Traditional Solar Salt Business
Authors:   Doctoral Program in Agriculture, Brawijaya University, 65145, Indonesia, Prihantini Campina Illa ,   Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Animal Husbandry, Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka, 93517, Indonesia, Hanani Nuhfil ,   Department of Socioeconomics, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, 65145, Indonesia, Syafrial Syafrial , Asmara Rosihan ,   Department of Socioeconomics, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, 65145, Indonesia
Published: May 2024

The ease in obtaining a loan is often regarded as a key advantage of the sharecropping system in the traditional solar salt business of Pamekasan Regency. The challenges faced by tenant farmers in accessing formal financial institutions have led to the continued prevalence of the sharecropping system in rural areas. This research aims to find the relationship between the sharecropping system, informal credit, and salt land productivity. The first analysis employs a multiple linier regression model on 93 tenant farmers in Pamekasan Regency to analyze the factors that influenced the amount of informal credit. Next, a quantitative descriptive analysis was carried out regarding the relationship between the sharecropping system, the amount of informal credit, and the productivity of solar salt fields area. Findings indicate that the significant factors affecting the credit amounts requested by tenant farmers include the cost of funds, loan duration, profits garnered by tenant farmers, the availability of collaterals, and the presence of other credit sources. The second conclusion of this research findings is that the extent of solar salt land area has a positive correlation with the informal credit amount, as does the productivity of the land. It should be an expected necessity for the government to play a larger role in supplying formal credit to small-scale farmers. This includes measures like credit rationing to diminish the influence of landowners.
5º Congresso Português de Building Information Modelling Volume 1: ptBIM
Authors: Azenha Miguel , Costa António Aguiar
Published: May 2024

Livro de atas do Congresso ptBIM 2024, onde se promove a discussão técnico-científica em língua Portuguesa da metodologia ‘Building Information Modelling’ (BIM), envolvendo a participação ativa das comunidades profissional e académica das áreas de Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção. Pretende-se enfatizar os problemas e esforços de implementação BIM no Ambiente Construído e reforçar as redes de profissionais que incorporam práticas BIM nas suas atividades. https://ptbim.org/
Feasibility of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Using GPT-4 Vision for the Classification of Middle Ear Disease: Qualitative Study and Validation
Authors: Noda Masao , Yoshimura Hidekane , Okubo Takuya , Koshu Ryota , Uchiyama Yuki , Nomura Akihiro , Ito Makoto , Takumi Yutaka
Published: May 2024

Background

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning models, has transformed the landscape of medical technology, especially in the field of diagnosis using imaging and physiological data. In otolaryngology, AI has shown promise in image classification for middle ear diseases. However, existing models often lack patient-specific data and clinical context, limiting their universal applicability. The emergence of GPT-4 Vision (GPT-4V) has enabled a multimodal diagnostic approach, integrating language processing with image analysis.

Objective

In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of GPT-4V in diagnosing middle ear diseases by integrating patient-specific data with otoscopic images of the tympanic membrane.

Methods

The design of this study was divided into two phases: (1) establishing a model with appropriate prompts and (2) validating the ability of the optimal prompt model to classify images. In total, 305 otoscopic images of 4 middle ear diseases (acute otitis media, middle ear cholesteatoma, chronic otitis media, and otitis media with effusion) were obtained from patients who visited Shinshu University or Jichi Medical University between April 2010 and December 2023. The optimized GPT-4V settings were established using prompts and patients’ data, and the model created with the optimal prompt was used to verify the diagnostic accuracy of GPT-4V on 190 images. To compare the diagnostic accuracy of GPT-4V with that of physicians, 30 clinicians completed a web-based questionnaire consisting of 190 images.

Results

The multimodal AI approach achieved an accuracy of 82.1%, which is superior to that of certified pediatricians at 70.6%, but trailing behind that of otolaryngologists at more than 95%. The model’s disease-specific accuracy rates were 89.2% for acute otitis media, 76.5% for chronic otitis media, 79.3% for middle ear cholesteatoma, and 85.7% for otitis media with effusion, which highlights the need for disease-specific optimization. Comparisons with physicians revealed promising results, suggesting the potential of GPT-4V to augment clinical decision-making.

Conclusions

Despite its advantages, challenges such as data privacy and ethical considerations must be addressed. Overall, this study underscores the potential of multimodal AI for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and improving patient care in otolaryngology. Further research is warranted to optimize and validate this approach in diverse clinical settings.
Assessing AI Awareness and Identifying Essential Competencies: Insights From Key Stakeholders in Integrating AI Into Medical Education
Authors: Moldt Julia-Astrid , Festl-Wietek Teresa , Fuhl Wolfgang , Zabel Susanne , Claassen Manfred , Wagner Samuel , Nieselt Kay , Herrmann-Werner Anne
Published: May 2024

Background

The increasing importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care has generated a growing need for health care professionals to possess a comprehensive understanding of AI technologies, requiring an adaptation in medical education.

Objective

This paper explores stakeholder perceptions and expectations regarding AI in medicine and examines their potential impact on the medical curriculum. This study project aims to assess the AI experiences and awareness of different stakeholders and identify essential AI-related topics in medical education to define necessary competencies for students.

Methods

The empirical data were collected as part of the TüKITZMed project between August 2022 and March 2023, using a semistructured qualitative interview. These interviews were administered to a diverse group of stakeholders to explore their experiences and perspectives of AI in medicine. A qualitative content analysis of the collected data was conducted using MAXQDA software.

Results

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 38 participants (6 lecturers, 9 clinicians, 10 students, 6 AI experts, and 7 institutional stakeholders). The qualitative content analysis revealed 6 primary categories with a total of 24 subcategories to answer the research questions. The evaluation of the stakeholders’ statements revealed several commonalities and differences regarding their understanding of AI. Crucial identified AI themes based on the main categories were as follows: possible curriculum contents, skills, and competencies; programming skills; curriculum scope; and curriculum structure.

Conclusions

The analysis emphasizes integrating AI into medical curricula to ensure students’ proficiency in clinical applications. Standardized AI comprehension is crucial for defining and teaching relevant content. Considering diverse perspectives in implementation is essential to comprehensively define AI in the medical context, addressing gaps and facilitating effective solutions for future AI use in medical studies. The results provide insights into potential curriculum content and structure, including aspects of AI in medicine.
Peer Review of “Establishing Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in the Water and Environment Sector in a Resource-Limited Setting: Methodical Qualitative and Quantitative Description of Uganda’s Experience From 2021 to 2023” (Preprint)
Authors: Mboowa Gerald
Published: May 2024

UNSTRUCTURED
Generative AI models in time varying biomedical data: a systematic review (Preprint)
Authors: He Rosemary Yuan , Sarwal Varuni , Qiu Xinru , Zhuang Yongwen , Zhang Le , Liu Yue , Chiang Jeffery N
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Trajectory modeling is a longstanding challenge in the application of computational methods to healthcare. However, traditional statistical and machine learning methods do not achieve satisfactory results as they often fail to capture the complex underlying distributions of multi-modal health data, and long-term dependencies throughout patients’ medical histories. Recent advances in generative AI have provided powerful tools to represent complex distributions and patterns with minimal underlying assumptions. These have had a major impact in fields such as finance and environmental sciences, and recently researchers have turned to these methods for disease modeling.

OBJECTIVE

While AI methods have proven powerful, their application in clinical practice remains limited due to their black-box like nature. The proliferation of AI algorithms poses a significant challenge for non-developers to track and incorporate these advances into clinical research and application. In this work, we survey peer-reviewed, generative AI model papers with specific applications in time series health data.

METHODS

Our search includes single- and multi-modal generative AI models that operate over structured and unstructured data, medical imaging or multi-omics data. We introduce current generative AI methods, review their applications in each data modality and discuss their strengths and weaknesses compared to traditional methods.

RESULTS

We follow the PRISMA guideline and review 155 articles on generative AI applications in time series healthcare data across modalities. Furthermore, we offer a systematic framework for clinicians to easily identify suitable AI methods for their data and task at hand.

CONCLUSIONS

We review and critique existing applications of generative AI to time series health data with the aim of bridging the gap between computational methods and clinical application. We also identify shortcomings of existing approaches, and highlight recent advances in generative AI that represent promising directions for healthcare modeling.
Gender (im)balance in the Russian cinema: on the screen and behind the camera
Authors: Leontyeva Xenia , Koltsova Olessia , Verhoeven Deb
Published: May 2024

The relationship between on-screen and off-screen inequality in film industries and the relative impact of these on movie attendance is widely discussed but not necessarily empirically demonstrated. This article examines the binary gender composition of film project teams and the gendered representation of film characters as factors for cinema attendance. We collected a unique dataset (N=1285) of all films released during the pre-pandemic decade (2008-2019) in Russia – at that time the largest European cinema market. A marked-up subset of 243 films was used to calculate a novel version of the Bechdel-Wallace test that accounts for the proportion of all non-stereotypical dialogues in the film narration, as opposed to the classical binary test. Our test proves very informative, revealing a strikingly high proportion of dialogues with stereotypical portrayals of women even among the films that pass the Bechdel-Wallace binary threshold. We also undertook a social network analysis (SNA) of the characters’ communications. This analysis demonstrate that women predominantly occupy a peripheral position in film plots. Both stereotyping and marginalization of women are positively related to the proportion of men in the film crew, especially in the role of screenwriter. Simultaneously, having more men in key positions is also correlated with access to larger budgets and better distribution, thus effectively impeding films with stronger women characters from wider audiences. These audiences, however, show no prejudice towards films with such characters: after 2015, films featuring central women protagonists have the same level of attendance as movies without them. Although Russia exemplifies a large non-Western cinema market, the trends we identify, particularly the “gatekeeping” effect of male filmmakers, is notably in line with those observed in Western democracies.
Aplicación de pruebas para mejorar la usabilidad de un portal universitario
Authors: Rodríguez Lorenzo Ana Berenice
Published: May 2024

El uso de pruebas de usabilidad también llamadas pruebas de pensamiento en voz alta es la opción que mejores resultados arroja al evaluar la usabilidad de sitios web. Su aplicación es altamente recomendable en sitios y portales universitarios puesto que, como es conocido, los recursos de las universidades suelen ser limitados y esta técnica además de ser sencilla de aprender y ejecutar, requiere poco tiempo y no es costosa. Se sometió un portal universitario a dicha práctica para el que se obtuvieron adaptaciones significativas basadas en la retroalimentación directa de usuarios reales: alumnos y profesores universitarios.
Recomendaciones técnicas para implementar y asegurar la accesibilidad web en los sitios institucionales
Authors: Moguel Pedraza Francisco Isaac
Published: May 2024

La necesidad de hacer que las páginas web sean accesibles para todas las personas sin importar sus habilidades o limitaciones es un foco de atención en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Al usar la experiencia y conocimiento en temas de accesibilidad se desarrollaron recomendaciones prácticas con el objetivo de asegurar el cumplimiento de un nivel intermedio de accesibilidad sin necesidad de validar cada criterio que conforma la Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) y sin tener un conocimiento técnico. La revisión para validar que las recomendaciones técnicas planteadas estuvieran aplicadas sirvió para evaluar y mejorar la implementación de accesibilidad en solicitudes del servicio.
Representación gráfica de consultas recibidas en DNS recursivo de la UNAM
Authors: Navarrete Guerra Luis Iván
Published: May 2024

Se describe la implementación de Grafana para la representación gráfica de consultas realizadas a los Sistemas de Nombres de Dominio recursivos de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, así como el monitoreo del servicio de resolución de nombres. Se utiliza Prometheus como fuente de datos y a los dashboards que ofrece Grafana, para mostrar gráficamente las métricas sobre el rendimiento del servidor así como las consultas realizadas a los diferentes registros del Sistema de Nombres de Dominio, lo que favorece al Centro de Información de RedUNAM tomar medidas preventivas que ayuden a mantener la disponibilidad del servicio y a la generación de reportes con la información obtenida.
Main hazard control and hazardous material handling in environment testing laboratory
Authors: Saing Bungaran , Hadita Hadita , Kustiyah Elvi , Agustin Dinda Yesika , Amalia Rizky Yusrina , Kurnia Hibarkah
Published: May 2024

The increase in products from chemicals is currently growing rapidly in the Indonesian manufacturing industry. This correlates with a chemical test laboratory that is experiencing a flurry of activity. The placement of chemicals in testing laboratories still does not have problem-solving that can make it easier to search for other potential dangers. So far, the placement of chemicals is not based on hazard, but only on phase differences, namely solid and liquid phases, as well as materials that are frequently and rarely used can pose a hazard. This study aims to provide knowledge about main hazard control to all employees and propose material hazard handling in environmental laboratory testing following the material MSDS. This research method uses the concept of re-layout chemicals in the laboratory based on the type of danger they cause by collecting data obtained from MSDS, literature review studies, references from books, government regulations, and the Merck China website to see the characteristics of chemicals that will be placed in the material stock storage room. This study found a layout mapping of chemicals in the materials storage room, with 3 storage areas and 2 additional storage areas. The result of this research is that Cabinet A is filled with harmless solid phase materials and a class of toxic substances. The chemicals in cabinet B, consist of solid-phase materials that are corrosive, harmless, irritating, carcinogenic, and highly flammable. Whereas on shelf C letter L it consists of liquid phase materials which are harmless, corrosive, dangerous, flammable, highly flammable, highly flammable, carcinogenic or toxic. Whereas Container D contains chemicals that have oxidizing properties and Cabinet E contains chemicals that are highly flammable in water.
A Review of the Effects of Biodiesel and Ethanol on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engines
Authors: Khoobbakht Golmohammad , Kheiralipour Kamran , Karimi Mahmoud
Published: May 2024

The effect of engine emissions due to using fossil fuels and its management is one of concerns cross the world. Recently, biodiesel and ethanol are well recognized as appropriate alternatives for diesel engines. In various countries bioethanol and biodiesel have attracted great attentions as alternative fuels in application and research because of renewability and environmentally friendly properties and reduction of using fossil resources. Here the benefits and limitations of usage the biofuels in diesel engine were reviewed. The effects of biodiesel-diesel, ethanol-diesel, and biodiesel-ethanol diesel blends on diesel engine were reviewed. Biodiesel and bioethanol are used in diesel engines mainly due to lower exhaust emissions and hence less environmental pollutions. As biodiesel and ethanol usage in diesel engines are some limitations, the optimization of biofuels components in the fuel blends of diesel engines is necessary. So, optimization of using biofuels in diesel engines as well as using new additives and analytical approaches was recommended in future studies.
Patients with more complex ankle fractures are associated with poorer patient-reported outcome: an observational study of 11,733 patients from the Swedish Fracture Register
Authors: Stigevall Caroline , Möller Michael , Wennergren David , Wolf Olof , Ekelund Jan , Bergdahl Carl
Published: May 2024

Background and purpose: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following ankle fractures, including all fracture types, have not been reported. It is therefore unclear whether fracture morphology correlates with outcome. We aimed to analyze PROMs in patients with an ankle fracture in relation to the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) fracture classification using population-based register data from the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR).Methods: All patients aged ≥ 18 years with an ankle fracture (AO/OTA 44A1–C3) registered in the SFR between 2012 and 2019 were retrieved from the register. Patients with completed PROM questionnaires (Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment and EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale) on both day 0 (pre-trauma) and 1-year post-trauma were included. The difference in PROMs between day 0 and 1 year was calculated for each patient (delta value) and mean delta values were calculated at group level, based on the AO/OTA fracture classification.Results: 11,733 patients with 11,751 fractures with complete PROMs were included. According to the AO/OTA classification, 21% were A fractures, 67% were B fractures and 12% were C fractures. All groups of patients, regardless of fracture class (A1–C3), displayed an impairment in PROMs after 1 year compared with day 0. Type C fractures displayed a larger impairment in PROMs at group level than type B, which in turn had a greater impairment than type A. The same pattern was seen in groups 3, 2, and 1 for A and B fractures.Conclusion: We found that the AO/OTA classification is prognostic, where more complex fractures were associated with poorer PROMs.
Laser hazard classification of a line laser with an astigmatic extended source
Authors: Marshall Wesley J. , Aldrich Robert C. , Frederiksen Annette
Published: May 2024

Since lasers are used in a large variety of applications, new laser products have become more complex. To increase performance, like range or brightness, it is important to consider the maximum optical output that will not exceed laser safety limits. Exposure to an extended source laser results in a larger retinal image and a simplification of treating it as a point source unnecessarily restricts system performance. For laser beams where the location of the apparent source (beam waist) is different in each axis (astigmatic beams), the retinal image is asymmetric and is also a function of eye accommodation. Lasers with astigmatic beams are often evaluated as point sources because accommodation on the source in either beam axis can indicate that the source in that axis is a point source; however, the eye can only focus (accommodate) on one distance at a time. For a single accommodation of the eye, the source may be extended, and extended source lasers are considered less hazardous than point source lasers of the same output power because of the reduction of retinal irradiance (the power is distributed over a larger area). For a line laser with an astigmatic beam, a particular laser hazard class may allow for a higher laser output power than would be allowed if it were a point source laser.
Hvorfor velger elever på videregående skole programfaget psykologi?
Authors: Busch Mari Veierud
Published: May 2024

Psykologi er blitt et svært populært programfag blant elever på studiespesialiserende utdanningsprogram. Det er tre hypoteser om hvorfor elever velger psykologi: (1) At det er et fag det er lett å få gode karakterer i, rigour hypothesis, (2) at elever med psykiske utfordringer velger faget som verktøy for selvterapi, therapy hypothesis, og (3) at faget velges fordi det oppfattes som et interessant fag, sexy subject hypothesis. I denne studien er det gjort en hybrid tematisk analyse av 196 tekstsvar, samlet inn i skoleårene 2017– 2018 til 2020–2021 fra 157 elever, om hvorfor de har valgt psykologi. 103 av elevene har ikke hatt faget tidligere, mens 54 har ett års erfaring med faget. Henholdsvis 83,5 og 90,7 prosent oppgir å ha valgt faget på bakgrunn av interesse, mens 4,9 og 5,6 prosent oppfatter det som et lett fag. 8,7 og 3,7 prosent har valgt faget som følge av egne psykiske utfordringer. I denne studien er det videre undersøkt hva det er i psykologifaget elevene finner interessant. I tillegg til at elevene uttrykker en generell interesse for psykologifaget, oppgir de at de oppfatter faget som relevant for eget liv både med tanke på å forstå seg selv, å samhandle med andre, som forberedelse til fremtidig studie/yrke og for å lære mer om psykisk helse. 
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Why psychology is a popular choice in upper secondary school in Norway
Psychology is a popular subject among students in upper secondary school. There are three hypotheses on why students choose psychology: (1) The subject is perceived to be an easy subject, «Rigour hypothesis», (2) students use the subject as a form of self- therapy, «Therapy hypothesis», and (3) interest in the subject content, «Sexy subject hypothesis». In this study, 196 short texts from 157 students stating their motivation for choosing psychology were collected from school year 2017–2018 to 2020–2021 and analysed using a hybrid thematic method. For students who have no previous experience with the subject (n = 103), 83.5 per cent chose the subject out of interest, 4.9 per cent perceived it as an easy subject, and 8.7 per cent expressed that they chose the subject due to mental health challenges. For students with one year experience (n = 54), the choice was motivated by interest for 90.7 per cent of the students, while 5.6 per cent chose it because they perceived it as an easy subject, and 3.7 per cent chose the subject due to mental health challenges. In this study, it is further investigated what it is in psychology that the students find interesting. In addition to the students expressing a general interest in the subject of psychology, they state that they perceive the subject as relevant to their own lives both in terms of understanding themselves, interacting with others, as preparation for future study/profession and to learn more about mental health.
EDUCAÇÃO 4.0: INTEGRANDO TECNOLOGIA PARA DESENVOLVER HA-BILIDADES DE LEITURA E ESCRITA
Authors: Silva Marcos Vinícius Malheiros da , Reis Domingos Aparecido dos , Barbosa Raquel Alves , Lima Laise Katiane Alencar , Lima Kátia Alencar , Burin Geliane Regina Esposito , Malta Daniela Paula de Lima Nunes , Figueiredo Suzamary Almira de
Published: May 2024

Esta pesquisa explora a integração da tecnologia na educação, com foco em como a incorporação de tecnologias digitais no ambiente educativo pode fomentar o desenvolvimento de habilidades de leitura e escrita, sob a ótica da Educação 4.0. Para alcançar esse objetivo, adotou-se uma metodologia de revisão bibliográfica, na qual foram analisados diversos estudos que discutem o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas em contextos educacionais. Os resultados dessa análise indicam que a tecnologia, quando integrada de maneira eficaz, possui um grande potencial para enriquecer as práticas pedagógicas, favorecendo a inclusão e o engajamento estudantil. Entretanto, identificaram-se também desafios significativos, tais como a necessidade de formação adequada para os docentes e a superação de obstáculos infra estruturais e culturais que podem impedir a implementação efetiva das tecnologias educacionais. As considerações finais ressaltam a importância de adotar uma abordagem coordenada que supere esses desafios, destacando o papel crítico do desenvolvimento profissional contínuo dos educadores e do suporte institucional robusto. Esses elementos são considerados essenciais para a promoção de um ambiente educacional que seja verdadeiramente inclusivo e propício à inovação. Por meio desta pesquisa, busca-se contribuir para o debate sobre a Educação 4.0, oferecendo recomendações práticas para educadores, gestores educacionais e formuladores de políticas, visando otimizar o uso da tecnologia na educação e, consequentemente, melhorar o desenvolvimento de habilidades de leitura e escrita entre os alunos.
TECNOLOGIAS EMERGENTES E SUSTENTABILIDADE: TENDÊNCIAS E PERSPECTIVAS FUTURAS
Authors: Fernandes Allysson Barbosa , Ernandes Itamar , Martins Paula Welliana Araujo , Chagas Jéssica da Cruz , Batista Moésia da Cunha , Esprendor Aline , Loures Débora Alves Morra , Oliveira Rebeca Maria de
Published: May 2024

Este estudo investigou o papel das tecnologias emergentes na promoção da sustentabilidade, com o objetivo de compreender como estas podem contribuir para soluções ambientais, econômicas e sociais sustentáveis. A metodologia baseou-se em uma revisão de literatura, analisando tendências atuais, desafios e oportunidades na integração de novas tecnologias em estratégias sustentáveis. Os resultados destacaram a importância da inteligência artificial, blockchain, Internet das Coisas e energias renováveis na otimização do uso de recursos, redução de emissões de carbono e promoção da transparência em cadeias de suprimentos. Estudos de caso exemplificam a aplicação prática dessas tecnologias em projetos sustentáveis, evidenciando seu impacto positivo. As considerações finais apontaram para um futuro promissor na utilização de tecnologias emergentes para a sustentabilidade, enfatizando a necessidade de abordagens responsáveis que considerem os impactos sociais, econômicos e ambientais, além da colaboração intersetorial para o desenvolvimento e implementação de soluções inovadoras.
Theoretical Modeling and Methods Devoted to Parametric Architecture Based on Cultural Heritage Identity Codes
Authors: Maleckas Vytis
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the theoretical modeling and methods on the concept of Architectural/Urban Identity. The author establishes a theoretical framework based on Parametric Design Theory, particularly focusing on fractal analysis and space syntax methodologies to examine the role of Parametric Architecture in preserving and expressing cultural heritage identity codes. Through a thorough review of existing literature on Parametric Design Theory in the context of cultural heritage identity codes, the author delves into the diverse applications, critiques, and theoretical interpretations of Parametric Architecture as it intersects with cultural heritage identity codes. By elucidating the essence of Parametric Design Theory, its operationalization, the predictions it generates, and the empirical evidence supporting its validity, the author lays the foundation for future research and open discussions regarding the potential of Parametric Architecture in preserving and expressing the unique cultural heritage identities of diverse communities around the world. Parametric design is a cutting-edge approach to architecture and building design that utilizes computer algorithms and mathematical equations to control the form and function of the design. This approach empowers designers to create intricate and organic structures that would be difficult or impossible to achieve using conventional methods. Parametric architecture has found its way into the design of a diverse range of buildings and structures, encompassing museums, concert halls, and office buildings. This new design methodology has garnered considerable attention in recent years.
$S$-$M$-cyclic submodules and some applications
Authors: Baupradist Samruam
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we introduce the notion of $S$-$M$-cyclic submodules, which is a generalization of the notion of $M$-cyclic submodules. Let $M, N$ be right $R$-modules and $S$ be a multiplicatively closed subset of a ring $R$. A submodule $A$ of $N$ is said to be an $S$-$M$-cyclic submodule, if there exist $s\in S$ and $f \in Hom_R(M,N)$ such that $As \subseteq f(M) \subseteq A$. Besides giving many properties of $S$-$M$-cyclic submodules, we generalize some results on $M$-cyclic submodules to $S$-$M$-cyclic submodules. Furthermore, we generalize some properties of principally injective modules and pseudo-principally injective modules to $S$-principally injective modules and $S$-pseudo-principally injective modules, respectively. We study the transfer of this notion to various contexts of these modules.
Choosing the Therapeutic Strategy in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Pediatric Patients: Is it a Challenge for Clinicians?
Authors: Costin Silvia Aura , Tanase Claudiu Elisei , Balta Alexia Anastasia , Barbu Raisa-Eloise , Ciortea Diana-Andreea , Stefanopol Anca , Hagi Andreea Mechi , Filip Anamaria Madalina
Published: May 2024

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects 8-33% of individuals worldwide, independent of age or gender. Diagnosis relies on mucosal lesions or symptomatic discomfort, validated by proton pump inhibitor (PPI) response. Lyon Consensus categorizes diagnostic tests as supportive, refuting, or inconclusive. A retrospective cohort study on 78 pediatric subjects at the ‘Sfântul Ioan’ Galați Hospital (February 2018-October 2020) aimed to assess GER incidence and management principles. Data analyzed using SPSS v26 revealed urban predominance (66.7%) and varied age distribution (1 month to 18 years), with heartburn as a prevalent symptom. Treatment modalities included antacids, PPIs, H2RAs, and prokinetics. Symptom relief and therapeutic response guided management, with PPIs commonly administered. This study underscores the need for comprehensive GERD diagnosis and tailored therapeutic strategies in pediatric populations.
Health-related fitness knowledge, physical activity attitude and physical activity in secondary school students: A mediation analysis
Authors: Çimen Murat , Alp Mahmut , Kızılet Tuba
Published: May 2024

Study aim: The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of secondary school students’ physical activity attitudes between health-related fitness knowledge (HRFK) and physical activity (PA).

Materials and methods: The research employed a quantitative research method, using the relational survey model. The participants of the study consisted of a total of 603 (female = 295, male = 308) secondary school students from six different secondary schools in Isparta and Burdur provinces in the fall semester of the 2023–2024 academic year. The data of the study were collected with a personal information form, the Turkish HRFK Test, the Physical Activity Attitude Scale for Secondary School Students and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). The analysis of the data was made using the Process Macro v3.3 plug-in with model 4 and 5000 resampling methods with a 95% confidence interval.

Results: It was found that students’ HRFK had significant positive effect on their physical activity attitudes and physical activities. It was observed that physical activity attitudes also positively affected physical activity. Additionally, physical activity attitudes were found to have a mediating role between HRFK and physical activity.

Conclusions: To conclude, it was found that secondary school students’ HRKF affected their participation in physical activity. However, our research showed that the effect of HRFK on physical activity of secondary school students may occur indirectly through physical activity attitudes. It can be concluded that the HRFK level of secondary school students is important for participation in physical activity.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR PADA TAHUN 2016-2019
Authors: Arlis Alverina Daria , Santioso Linda
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research is to obtain empirical evidence about the effects of corporate social responsibility, firm profitability, firm size, and financial leverage on financial performance in manufacturing industries listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange during the period of 2016-2019. This research used 63 samples from selected manufacturing companies with purposive sampling method. Secondary data was used in the form of financial information from the financial statements and annual reports. The data in this research were calculated with Microsoft Office 365 software and then processed with Eviews 9.0. The result in this research shows that corporate social responsibility, firm profitability and firm size have a significant effect on financial performance, while financial leverage has an insignificant effect on financial performance.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI INCOME SMOOTHING PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA
Authors: Yoe Felinda , Hastuti Rini Tri
Published: May 2024

This research aims at how the role of the profitability and financial leverage on income smoothing, and the effect of firm size toward income smoothing on manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2017-2019. Sample was selected using purposive sampling method and the valid data was 71 companies. Data processing techniques using multiple regression analysis which helped by Eviews 11 program (Econometric Views) and Microsoft Excel 2018. The results of this study indicate that profitability don’t have a significant influence on income smoothing and financial leverage have a significant influence on income smoothing, and firm size decreases influence on income smoothing. The implication of this study is the need to increase the role of the profitability and financial leverage upon any firm size that will increase the detection of applying income smoothing practice in company which will bring a good signal for investors to be more careful in investing.
FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR PERIODE 2017-2019
Authors: Fortuna Dewi , Susanti Merry
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research is to obtain empirical results regarding the influence ofinstitutional ownership, intellectual capital, firm size, and sales growth on the value ofcompanies listed in the IDX for 2017-2019. The population of this study is all manufacturingcompanies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2017-2019. The sample selected bypurposive sampling method based on certain criteria and considerations is 40 companies. Thisresearch was processed using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of statisticalsoftware program Eviews v12.0 (Econometric Views version 12). The results of the study basedon multiple linear regression analysis showed that all the independent variables used had nosignificant effect on the dependent variable of firm value.
Regular relations of the composition, structure and properties of crystals of hydrogen-containing compounds
Authors: Makarova I. P. , Selezneva E. V. , Tolstikhina A. L. , Gainutdinov R. V.
Published: May 2024

Research subject. Crystals of hydrogen-containing compounds belonging to the superprotonic family. Aim. To obtain knowledge about regular relations between composition, atomic structure, real structure and physical properties of materials, with the purpose of elucidating processes occurring in condensed state and forming the basis for modification of known or obtaining new compounds. Materials and methods. Experimental data were obtained using a set of complementary physical methods, including structural analysis using X-rays, synchrotron radiation and neutrons, optical microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Results. Experimental data on the atomic structure, real structure, and physical properties of superprotonic crystals, including systems of hydrogen bonds and their changes, were obtained. Conclusions. The physical properties of superprotonic crystals are significantly affected by hydrogen bonding systems and their changes, primarily by the formation of dynamically disordered hydrogen bonds with energetically equivalent positions of hydrogen atoms. When carrying out diagnostics of crystalline samples, account should be taken of their real structure, including the structure of surface layers and the presence of crystallization water. These factors may affect the measured physical parameters, the boundaries of existence of phases, the formation of a multiphase state under variations in temperature.
Formas de irse de casa: el tiempo propio de Romina Paula
Authors: Rodríguez Montiel Emiliano
Published: May 2024

This paper focuses on Romina Paula's work, on how, within her literary, theatrical and cinematographic production, a temporal experience that is both untimely and intimate and that differs from the 24/7 logic is composed. My hypothesis, motivated by the double interest of exploring, on the one hand, how the present is being narrated in contemporary Argentine narrative and, on the other, what fictional outlets are being proposed to circumvent the accelerationist imperatives, argues that Paula's work, conceived as a true space of experimentation with time, rehearses an alternative -a practical and therapeutic solution- by making her characters run away from home. Rather than celebrating that the world has become less slow and enduring, Paula's women, in need of a break, escape from their fixed abodes in search of some time of their own.