bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hum of the Hive
Authors: Edwards Ferne , Dixon Jane
Published: March 2014

A contestation is underway in Australian cities between humans and the European honeybee, which has heightened in recent years as amateur beekeeping has emerged in response to environmental concerns. This paper reports on a brief ethnographic encounter among old and new amateur beekeepers located across Sydney, Australia. Older beekeepers were motivated mainly by a desire for a social hobby, whereas younger apiarists were attracted by the role bees play in addressing environmental concerns, including biodiversity, food self-sufficiency, and greening the city. However, the amateur beekeeper appears to be at risk from a series of conflicts: among themselves (registered and unregistered keepers), and with commercial keepers and suburban residents. These conflicts undermine the novel role that amateur beekeepers, with their distinct methods and perspectives, play in fostering biodiversity, health, and sustainability towards the ecological city.
Contrastive Substitution and the Greek Verb
Authors: Runge Steven E.
Published: March 2014

Abstract

One of the most compelling proofs Porter offers to substantiate his claim that Koiné Greek does not encode temporal reference in the verb is the test of contrastive substitution. The reasoning goes that if the different tense-forms can be used in the same temporal context, then these forms must convey something other than time, i.e., Greek lacks tense. Porter’s primary literature makes clear that his claim is invalid, yet neither he or nor subsequent researchers engage or acknowledge these counterarguments. This raises troubling questions about the adequacy of interdisciplinary peer-review in nt linguistic studies.
Frühchristliche Prophetie und die Johannesoffenbarung
Authors: Müller Ulrich B.
Published: March 2014

Abstract

The book of Revelation is a prophetic work written by an author who understands himself as similar to those Christian prophets about whom the apostle Paul writes in 1 Cor 14. Besides this fact John uses prophetic idioms which call to mind Old Testament prophecy (for example Rev 2:22-23; 2:10; 3:9).
The Ulidiini (Diptera: Tephritoidea: Ulidiidae) of Israel, with a key to the world species of Ulidia and description of five new species
Authors: MORGULIS E. , FREIDBERG A.
Published: March 2014

The Ulidiini (Ulidiidae: Ulidiinae) fauna of Israel is reviewed. Eighteen species in three genera (Physiphora, Timia and Ulidia) are recognized. Five species are described as new: Timia fallax n. sp., T. ritae n. sp., Ulidia aurata n. sp., U. hirsuta n. sp. and U. wasimi n. sp. The remaining species are redescribed and all species are illustrated. Keys for the identification of the local Physiphora and Timia species and of the world species of Ulidia are provided.
Suggestions to improve the Taxonomy Index (T-Index) introduced by Valdecasas (2011)
Authors: PÁLL-GERGELY BARNA
Published: March 2014

Citation-based evaluation of scientific publications, such as the number of total citations or the Impact Factor cannot be used “fairly” in the field of taxonomy (Krell 2000, 2002). In order to overcome this problem, Valdecasas (2011) introduced a new metric, the Taxonomy Index (T-Index). This index provides a method to evaluate the quality of taxonomic publications regardless of citations.
Annotated Checklist of the Diplura (Hexapoda: Entognatha) of California
Authors: GRAENING G. O. , SHCHERBANYUK YANA , ARGHANDIWAL MARYAM
Published: March 2014

The first checklist of California dipluran taxa is presented with annotations. New state and county records are reported, as well as new taxa in the process of being described. California has a remarkable dipluran fauna with about 8% of global richness. California hosts 63 species in 5 families, with 51 of those species endemic to the State, and half of these endemics limited to single locales. The genera Nanojapyx, Hecajapyx, and Holjapyx are all primarily restricted to California. Two species are understood to be exotic, and six dubious taxa are removed from the State checklist. Counties in the central Coastal Ranges have the highest diversity of diplurans; this may indicate sampling bias. Caves and mines harbor unique and endemic dipluran species, and subterranean habitats should be better inventoried. Only four California taxa exhibit obvious troglomorphy and may be true cave obligates. In general, the North American dipluran fauna is still under-inventoried. Since many taxa are morphologically uniform but genetically diverse, genetic analyses should be incorporated into future taxonomic descriptions. Natural Heritage Program conservation status ranks were recommended.
The ascidian-associated mysid Corellamysis eltanina gen.nov., sp.nov. (Mysida, Mysidae, Heteromysinae): a new symbiotic relationship from the Southern Ocean
Authors: VICENTE CARLOS SAN , MONNIOT FRANÇOISE
Published: March 2014

A new mysid species representing a new genus is described based on specimens collected in the 1968 cruise of the U.S. Navy Ship Eltanin from the Macquarie Island region (Southern Ocean). The new mysid, Corellamysis eltanina, is characterized by the globular eyes lacking definite eyestalks, the seven and eighth thoracic endopods specialized as gnathopods forming a strong subchela, and by the armature and shape of the uropod endopod and telson. Corellamysis eltanina lives only in the branchial sacs of the ascidian Corella brewinae suggesting an obligate endocommensal symbiotic association. Therefore, this is the first known report of a mysid living symbiotically with a benthic tunicate, as well as the first report of a mysid symbiosis from the Southern Ocean. The distribution and habitats of known symbiont mysids are reviewed. An update of identification key to world genera and subgenera of Heteromysinae is suggested.
Review of Oxystigma Selys with the synonymy of Oxystigma williamsoni Geijskes (Odonata: Heteragrionidae)
Authors: GARRISON ROSSER W.
Published: March 2014

Oxystigma williamsoni Geijskes, 1976 is synonymized with Oxystigma petiolatum (Selys, 1862), based on a reexamination of an extensive series of both taxa identified by D. Geijskes in the RMNH. Illustrations of the variability for both taxa and illustrations, maps, and keys for all species are provided.
A new Fenestrulina (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) commensal with tube-dwelling anemones (Cnidaria, Ceriantharia) in the tropical southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Vieira Leandro M. , Stampar Sergio N.
Published: March 2014

A new species of cheilostome bryozoan, Fenestrulina commensalis n. sp., was collected in December 2008 by scuba at 5–10 meters depth at Guaibura Beach, Guarapari, Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil. The specimen was found associated with tubes of the cerianthid Pachycerianthus sp., representing the first commensal association between a bryozoan and a tube-dwelling anemone. Fenestrulina commensalis n. sp. is the third species of the genus found in Brazilian waters; it is distinguished from other Atlantic species of Fenestrulina by its small angular orificial condyles, a single oral spine and basal anchoring rhizoids arising from abfrontal pore chambers. Morphological adaptations to encrust the tubes of cerianthids include anchoring rootlets and weakly contiguous zooids. These morphological features allow the colony the flexibility to grow around the tube and feed relatively undisturbed by silt and detritus, being raised well above the soft-sediment substratum in which the tube-anemone grows.
The larvae of Stenophylax mitis McLachlan 1875 and Allogamus hilaris (McLachlan 1876a) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), with notes on ecology and zoogeography
Authors: WARINGER JOHANN , GRAF WOLFRAM , MALICKY HANS
Published: March 2014

The paper gives a description of the hitherto unknown larvae of Stenophylax mitis McLachlan 1875 and Allogamus hilaris (McLachlan 1876a) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae: Limnephilini; Vshivkova et al. 2007). Information on the morphology of the larvae is given and the most important diagnostic features are illustrated. In the context of published keys, the larva of Stenophylax mitis keys together with Stenophylax permistus McLachlan 1895, S. vibex (Curtis 1834), Stenophylax crossotus McLachlan 1884, Platyphylax frauenfeldi (Brauer, in Brauer & Löw 1857), Micropterna lateralis (Stephens 1837) and M. sequax McLachlan 1875. These species are easily separated by a combination of the following features: spatial extent of the head spinule areas, setation on femora and on the 9th abdominal dorsum, and on the number of posterior sclerites behind each lateral protuberance. Allogamus hilaris keys with Allogamus uncatus (Brauer, in Brauer & Löw 1857), A. mendax (McLachlan 1876a) and Alpopsyche ucenorum (McLachlan 1876b). These species are very similar except in head width which is < 1.50 mm in A. mendax and A. ucenorum and > 1.61 mm in A. hilaris and A. uncatus; the two species in each of the pairs are not separable. With respect to distribution, S. mitis ranges from the Iberian Peninsula to the Balkan Peninsula and from southern Italy and Greece to the Central European Highlands. Allogamus hilaris is restricted to the Western Alps and the northern half of the Apennine Peninsula. In addition, ecological characteristics are briefly discussed.
Investigating the Effect of the “Land between the Lakes” on Storm Patterns
Authors: Durkee Josh , Degu Ahmed M. , Hossain Faisal , Mahmood Rezaul , Winchester Jesse , Chronis Themis
Published: March 2014

The artificially created region around the “Land between the Lakes” (LBL) in Kentucky represents unique land use and land cover (LULC) heterogeneities. Over a distance of 100 km, the LULC comprises artificially created open water bodies (i.e., two parallel large run-on-river dams separated by the LBL), mountainous terrain, forest cover, and extensive agricultural land. Such heterogeneities increase (decrease) moisture supply and sensible heat, resulting in a differential air mass boundary that helps to initiate (inhibit) convection. Hence, the LBL can potentially modify precipitation formation. Historical anecdotes reveal a tendency for storms to dissipate or reintensify near the LBL. The specific scientific question pursued in this study is therefore the following: Has the unique development of two parallel run-on-river reservoirs and the surrounding LULC heterogeneity modified storm patterns in the region? Ten storm events during the growing season were selected. Two additional events, observed by the newly established high-resolution Kentucky Mesonet network, were also considered. Radar reflectivity images were visually inspected to understand the evolution of convective cells that originated or were modified near the LBL. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) Model was used to determine near-surface trajectories that led to the selected events. The spatial synoptic classification and merged Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) IR images were analyzed to determine the prevailing synoptic conditions on the event dates. Six storm events showed a pattern wherein the convective cells lost strength as it passed over the LBL in a northeasterly direction. In two events, Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) reflectivity imagery revealed enhancement of convection as the storm passed over the LBL toward the Mississippi valley. Further dissection of the storm morphology suggested that the thermodynamic environment may have played an important role for the eight events where modification of precipitation near LBL has been clearly observed.
Understanding Midlatitude Jet Variability and Change Using Rossby Wave Chromatography: Poleward-Shifted Jets in Response to External Forcing
Authors: Lorenz David J.
Published: March 2014

Rossby wave chromatography (RWC) is implemented in a linearized barotropic model as a tool to understand the response of the midlatitude jet to external forcing. Given the background zonal-mean flow and the space–time structure of the baroclinic wave activity source, RWC calculates the space–time structure of the upper-tropospheric eddy momentum fluxes. RWC is used to diagnose and understand the poleward shift of the jet in an idealized GCM using the convergence of the vertical EP flux in the upper troposphere as the wave activity source.

The poleward-shifted jet is maintained via a selective “reflecting level” on the poleward flank of jet: for a given wavenumber, low phase speed waves are reflected but high phase speed waves are absorbed at the critical level on the poleward flank of jet. When the zonal-mean zonal wind increases on the poleward flank of the jet, a wider range of poleward-propagating waves encounter a reflecting level instead of a critical level on the poleward flank. The increased wave reflection leads to increased equatorward-propagating waves (and, therefore, poleward momentum flux) across the jet. Increases in wave phase speeds directly oppose the poleward shift because, in addition to the well-recognized effect of phase speed on wave dissipation in the subtropics, increased phase speeds imply more wave dissipation rather than reflection on the poleward flank via the selective reflecting level.
Shallow Cumulus Mixing and Subcloud-Layer Responses to Variations in Aerosol Loading
Authors: Seigel Robert B.
Published: March 2014

The sensitivity of lightly precipitating trade wind shallow cumulus to both aerosol concentration and domain size is investigated using large-eddy simulations (LESs). The mean states of liquid water potential temperature, total water, and velocity field exhibit negligible change between all LES runs, offering the perfect opportunity to investigate microphysical–dynamical interactions solely due to variations in aerosol concentration and not changes in meteorology. As aerosol concentration increases, two cloud population responses are found: 1) cloud and cloud-core widths decrease while their strength increases and 2) cloud and core numbers increase. The narrowing of the polluted clouds is caused by enhanced evaporation rates surrounding the cloud cores, which in turn shrinks the diameter of the cumulus toroidal circulation. The more narrow toroidal circulation in polluted clouds has a faster rise rate and imparts weaker dynamical entrainment on the cloud cores, resulting in stronger clouds as aerosol concentration increases. The reduction in cloud number for more pristine conditions occurs from greater cold pool coverage, reducing the likelihood of subcloud-layer thermals reaching their lifting condensation level. The increase in cloud number as aerosol concentration increases is compensated by narrower and stronger clouds, resulting in a cumulus-core mass flux that appears to be unaffected by aerosol concentration variability. For the weakly precipitating case studied here, the trends in the response of the cumulus clouds to aerosol concentration are found to be insensitive to domain size.
Harmonized European Long-Term Climate Data for Assessing the Effect of Changing Temporal Variability on Land–Atmosphere CO2 Fluxes
Authors: Beer Christian , Weber Ulrich , Tomelleri Enrico , Carvalhais Nuno , Mahecha Miguel , Reichstein Markus
Published: March 2014

Temporal variability of meteorological variables and extreme weather events is projected to increase in many regions of the world during the next century. Artificial experiments using process-oriented terrestrial ecosystem models make it possible to isolate effects of temporal variability from effects of gradual climate change on terrestrial ecosystem functions and the system state. Such factorial experiments require two long-term climate datasets: 1) a control dataset that represents observed and projected climate and 2) a dataset with the same long-term mean as the control dataset but with altered short-term variability. Using a bias correction method, various climate datasets spanning different periods are harmonized and then combined with the control dataset with consistent time series for Europe during 1901–2100. Then, parameters of a distribution transformation function are estimated for individual meteorological variables to derive the second climate dataset, which has similar long-term means but reduced temporal variability. The transformation conserves the number of rainy days within a month and the shape of the daily meteorological data distributions, which is important to ensure that, for example, drought duration does not modify the suitability of localized vegetation type to precipitation regimes. The median absolute difference between daily data of both datasets is 5% to 20%. On average, decadal extreme values are reduced by 2% to 35%. Driving a terrestrial ecosystem model with both climate datasets shows a general higher gross primary production under reduced temporal climate variability. This effect of climate variability on productivity demonstrates the potential of the climate datasets for studying various effects of temporal variability on ecosystem state and functions over large domains.
The Advection of Mesoscale Atmospheric Vortices over Reykjavík
Authors: Ágústsson Hálfdán , Ólafsson Haraldur
Published: March 2014

On 12 August 2009, a series of satellite images revealed asymmetric shedding of atmospheric vortices in the lee of Mt. Snæfellsjökull, and their passage a distance of 120 km across Faxaflói Bay and over the city of Reykjavík in West Iceland. After landfall, the vortices were detected by a network of surface weather stations. These observations are presented and with the aid of a numerical simulation, they are discussed in view of existing theories of orographic wakes and vortex shedding. In general, the flow is in line with existing knowledge, but there is a remarkable absence of vortices with anticyclonic rotation. Atmospheric conditions for vortices of this kind are most often favorable in late winter and spring and they are a forecasting challenge.
Estimation of Data Assimilation Error: A Shallow-Water Model Study
Authors: Vlasenko Andrey , Korn Peter , Riehme Jan , Naumann Uwe
Published: March 2014

Four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) produces unavoidable inaccuracies in the models initial state vector. In this paper the authors investigate a novel variational error estimation method to calculate these inaccuracies. The impacts of model, background, and observational errors on the state estimate produced by 4D-Var are analyzed by applying the variational error estimation method. The structure of the method is similar to the conventional 4D-Var, with the differences in that (i) instead of observations it assimilates observational errors, and (ii) the original model equations (used in 4D-Var as constraints) are first linearized with respect to a small perturbation in the initial state vector and then used as the constraints. The authors then carry out a proof-of-concept study and validate the reliability of this method through multiple twin experiments on the basis of a 2D shallow-water model. All required differentiated models were generated by means of algorithmic differentiation directly from the nonlinear model source code. The experiments reveal that the suggested method works well in a wide range of assimilation windows and types of observational and model errors and can be recommended for error estimation and prediction in data assimilation.
An Empirical Model for Assessing the Severe Weather Potential of Developing Convection
Authors: Cintineo John L. , Pavolonis Michael J. , Sieglaff Justin M. , Lindsey Daniel T.
Published: March 2014

The formation and maintenance of thunderstorms that produce large hail, strong winds, and tornadoes are often difficult to forecast due to their rapid evolution and complex interactions with environmental features that are challenging to observe. Given inherent uncertainties in storm development, it is intuitive to predict severe storms in a probabilistic manner. This paper presents such an approach to forecasting severe thunderstorms and their associated hazards, fusing together data from several sources as input into a statistical model. Mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) models have been developed in part to forecast environments favorable to severe storm development. Geostationary satellites, such as the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series, maintain a frequently updating view of growing cumulus clouds over the contiguous United States to provide temporal trends in developing convection to forecasters. The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) network delivers repeated scans of hydrometeors inside storms, monitoring the intensification of hydrometeor size and extent, as well as hydrometeor motion. Forecasters utilize NWP models, and GOES and NEXRAD data, at different stages of the forecast of severe storms, and the model described in this paper exploits data from each in an attempt to predict severe hazards in a more accurate and timely manner while providing uncertainty information to the forecaster. A preliminary evaluation of the model demonstrates good skill in the forecast of storms, and also displays the potential to increase lead time on severe hazards, as measured relative to the issuance times of National Weather Service (NWS) severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings and occurrence times of severe events in local storm reports.
Teaching Introduction to Africana Studies
Authors: Tillotson Michael
Published: March 2014

In the American academy, there is quite possibly no other discipline with the history of (Black) Africana Studies. Founded on the idea of struggle and resistance and eventually becoming the intellectual arm of the Black Power movement, the field has for decades institutionalized and established itself as a cogent and coherent academic discipline. The flagship course for the discipline has always been the introductory course from the field’s inception. One of the central questions that loom in many Africana circles concerns building egalitarian consensus on the teaching of the introductory course. This work seeks to address that issue by offering plausible guidelines for instructors and practitioners to follow.
The law of the land
Authors: Eck Kristine
Published: March 2014

Common notions about the source of communal land conflict in Africa have long explained it as growing out of conditions of environmental scarcity. This article argues instead that the institutional structure of the legal system is central to understanding which countries are prone to experience communal land conflict. When competing customary and modern jurisdictions coexist in countries inhabited by mixed identity groups, the conflicting sources of legal authority lead to insecurity about which source of law will prevail. Because the source of law is contested, conflict parties cannot trust the legal system to predictably adjudicate disputes, which encourages the use of extrajudicial vigilante measures. Using new data on communal violence in West Africa, this argument is examined for the period 1990–2009. The results show that in countries where competing jurisdictions exist, communal land conflict is 200–350% more likely. These findings suggest that researchers should consider the role of legal institutions and processes in relation to social unrest and collective violence.
Tracking Women’s Transitions to Adulthood
Authors: Beattie Irenee R.
Published: March 2014

Theories suggest curricular tracking is linked to racial/ethnic inequality. However, prior studies largely examine cognitive outcomes like standardized test scores and neglect behavioral outcomes. They also overlook potential racial/ethnic differences within curricular tracks. This study asks the following questions: (a) Is curricular tracking associated with young women’s social and behavioral outcomes during the transition to adulthood (dropping out of high school, teen motherhood, and poverty)? and (b) Are there racial/ethnic differences in these associations? Using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data and logistic regression, results show that all women reduce risks of negative outcomes in the college and vocational tracks compared with the general track. However, college track coursework buffers White women from dropping out and teen motherhood (but not poverty) significantly more than it does Black and Latina women. Thus, racial gaps are greatest within the college track rather than lower tracks, suggesting that the college track may be a site for opportunity hoarding among Whites.
South African psychologists’ use of the Internet in their practices
Authors: Evans Dylan J
Published: March 2014

This study investigated how South African psychologists use online technologies in their professional practices. A total of 92 South African psychologists responded to an online survey which explored how they use the Internet to access psychological information, communicate, foster professional development, and advertise their services. Therapeutic applications of the Internet were also explored. The results indicated that there is a widespread interest in, and use of Internet technology by psychologists in South Africa to access psychological information, foster professional development, administer their practices, and advertise their services. However, psychologists seem to be far more guarded about using Internet technologies for therapeutic purposes. These concerns include the threats to client confidentiality and therapeutic boundaries posed by online communication, and the possible violation of personal privacy by social networking services.
An overview of illness conceptualizations in African, Hindu, and Islamic traditions: towards cultural competence
Authors: Laher Sumaya
Published: March 2014

Increasingly, research, teaching, and practice emphasize the need for cultural competency among healthcare practitioners. Most training programmes include modules on cultural competency based on a knowledge, skills, and awareness model. In line with the knowledge and awareness objectives of cultural competency, this article focuses on the conceptualization of illness from an Islamic, Hindu, and African perspective. It discusses spiritual illness, a category of illness recognized in all three traditions but marginalized in mainstream literature. This marginalization has given rise to debates as to whether a separate Islamic psychology, a Hindu psychology, African psychology (or other Psychology) should exist. This article explores these areas briefly concluding with arguments on the need for current teaching, research, and practice to take more cognizance of cultural views of illness.
Parking the Info Van, Parramatta, 1995: locality and relationality in media practice
Authors: Lloyd Justine
Published: March 2014

This commentary examines the intersections of mobility and locality in community-based media practices. In order to investigate how media-oriented practices intertwine with understandings of community, the article sets out a brief history of a community arts organization, Information and Cultural Exchange (ICE), which began as a mobile information service based in Western Sydney, Australia. I examine projects conducted by the organization over the last 25 years to tease out wider shifts from ‘information distribution’ towards ‘community cultural development’. Drawing on interviews with former and current workers at the organization, the article explores how the organization has transformed within the different scales and speeds of communication networks afforded in digital media. The article explores four key themes in order to track these broader changes through shifts away from physical transportation towards virtual communication, from face-to-face community organizing towards digital and networked media systems: ‘what’, ‘who’ and ‘where’ was/is the organization, and ‘how’ did/does it meet and respond to changing technologies? While questions of scale (the ‘where’ axis) and technologies (the ‘how’) persist and have become increasingly complex, the organization’s purpose (the ‘what’), the communities that the organization speaks with and listens to (the ‘who’) seem to have changed rather less.
Public (Mis)Understanding of Crime Policy
Authors: Pickett Justin T. , Mancini Christina , Mears Daniel P. , Gertz Marc
Published: March 2014

Scholars attribute the public’s low level of knowledge about sentencing and corrections to its lack of extensive criminal justice experience and consequent reliance on the media for justice-related information. However, scant research exists that evaluates how criminal justice experience affects media consumption, or how such consumption may influence knowledge about sentencing laws or the extent of imprisonment. To extend this literature, we develop and test three hypotheses about the relationships between prior criminal justice experience, reliance on the mass media for information about crime and justice, and knowledge about criminal punishment. Analysis of data from a random telephone survey of 1,308 adult Floridians reveals that individuals with prior criminal justice experience are less likely to rely on the media for crime-related information. The evidence also shows that media reliance is associated with lower levels of knowledge about criminal punishment, and that this effect is particularly strong for female respondents.
Early Childhood Development as Economic Development
Authors: Jenkins Jade Marcus
Published: March 2014

Research from numerous disciplines provides support for the critical importance of early childhood development in economic development. The long-term individual and societal benefits of investing resources during early childhood make it an unrivaled opportunity for policy. Over the past 30 years, states have gained increasing control over the major policies for families with young children through the devolution of federal programs to states. States have also expanded their innovation and adoption of early childhood education programs during this time, such as prekindergarten. Policy makers need to understand how the differences in these policies across states affect policy effectiveness and child well-being, yet there is limited research, especially during early childhood. This article outlines the federally-devolved and state-developed policies for families with young children and the dimensions and characteristics that vary between states, and concludes with implications for research in the experimental arena of state-level policy.
Mediating Incentive Use
Authors: Lester T. William , Lowe Nichola J. , Freyer Allan
Published: March 2014

State incentive granting for the purpose of firm retention or recruitment remains highly controversial and is often portrayed as antithetical to long-range economic development planning. This article uses quasi-experimental methods to measure the impact of state-level economic development incentives on employment growth at the establishment level in North Carolina. Using North Carolina’s rich history of strategic planning and sector-based economic development as a backdrop, the authors develop a theory of sectoral “mediation.” This enables the authors to compare the effectiveness of incentives offered in mediated and nonmediated industries and show that when incentives are coupled with sectoral economic development efforts they generate substantially stronger employment effects than at establishments with limited sector-based institutional support.
State Research and Development Tax Credits
Authors: Hearn James C. , Lacy T. Austin , Warshaw Jarrett B.
Published: March 2014

By 2010, all but 12 U.S. states had adopted some form of research and development tax credits. The forces driving the rapid rise and spread of this policy remain unclear. This event history analysis finds adoption to be associated with higher state unemployment levels, supporting the notion of “policy-making from disadvantage.” Yet higher patenting activity is also associated with adoption, suggesting that having a strong preexisting research and development (R&D) infrastructure facilitates adoption. In the 1980s, having a Republican governor apparently propelled adoption, but partisan influences disappeared in later years. Having a governorship with constitutionally strong budgetary power and having a centralized governing board for higher education are associated with adoption, and interaction analyses indicate that the combination of a centralized board and a higher number of research universities are especially positive forces in adoption. The socioeconomic, political, and structural influences found in this article suggest several potentially fruitful directions for future analyses.
The Value of Pharmacy Residency Training for Health Systems
Authors: Swan Joshua T. , Giouroukakis Mary , Shank Brandon R. , Crona Daniel J. , Berger Karen , Wombwell Eric
Published: March 2014

Purpose:

Identify and summarize articles that describe the value that pharmacy residency training offers to sponsoring health systems.

There is a tremendous gap between the number of resident applicants and the number of pharmacy residencies available. Informing health-system administration executives about the proven value of residency training is key to expanding the number of available positions. To address this disparity, a comprehensive and systematic literature search to identify publications highlighting the value that pharmacy residency training provides to the sponsor hospital or health system was conducted. Articles were identified through query of PubMed and SciVerse SCOPUS and through review of bibliographies from relevant articles. Twenty articles were identified and summarized in this annotated bibliography that demonstrate perceived and quantitative value of pharmacy residency training for health systems that sponsor residency training.

Conclusion:

Pharmacy residency training programs are essential for pharmacists that will primarily engage in direct patient care activities. This annotated bibliography includes key publications that provide evidence of the value that pharmacy residents provide to the sponsoring health system. This manuscript will aid prospective residency directors interested in developing new residency positions at new institutions or for residency program directors interested in expanding the total number of resident positions available at the existing sites.
Artificial neural network optimisation of shielding gas flow rate in gas metal arc welding subjected to cross drafts when using alternating shielding gases
Authors: Campbell Stuart W , Ley Fraser H , Galloway Alexander M , McPherson Norman A
Published: March 2014

This study implemented an iterative experimental approach in order to determine the shielding gas flow required to produce high-quality welds in the gas metal arc welding process with alternating shielding gases when subjected to varying velocities of cross drafts, thus determining the transitional zone where the weld quality deteriorates as a function of cross-draft velocity. An artificial neural network was developed using the experimental data that would predict the weld quality based primarily on shielding gas composition, alternating frequency and flow rate and cross-draft velocity, but also incorporated other important input parameters, including voltage and current. A series of weld trials were conducted to validate and test the robustness of the model generated. It was found that the alternating shielding gas process does not provide the same level of resistance to the adverse effects of cross drafts as a conventional argon/carbon dioxide mixture. The use of such a prediction tool is of benefit to industry in that it allows the adoption of a more efficient shielding gas flow rate, while removing the uncertainty of the resultant weld quality.
Research on customer-oriented optimal configuration of product scheme based on Pareto genetic algorithm
Authors: Yifei Tong , Zhaohui Tang , Song Mei , Lu Qiao , Zhibing Gong
Published: March 2014

Product configuration is the key to mass customization, which is based on configuration modeling and solutions. A customer-oriented optimal configuration model is built to achieve an optimal configuration for a product scheme. Based on a product platform and customer requirements, a dual-objective “performance-cost” optimization model for customized products is proposed. This model is based on the Pareto genetic algorithm for configuration optimization through which optimal solutions for customer requirements can be obtained, including multiple choices for selection as well as reference to schemes that can enable customers to participate in the product design. In this study, a case is studied to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model.
An integrated method for waviness simulation on large-size surface
Authors: Sun Yazhou , Chen Wanqun , Liang Yingchun , An Chenhui , Chen Guoda , Su Hao
Published: March 2014

The surface waviness of the KH2PO4 crystal has important influence on its optical performance, but it is difficult to simulate by the current simulation models. This article presents an integrated machining performance forecasting method, which considers the interaction between manufacturing process and machine tool and integrates the cutting simulation, machine tool dynamic performance simulation and the control system. The profile and waviness prediction on the large area are achieved by this method with short time and high accuracy. The machining trials on a fly cutting machine tool are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The study of post-derailment measures to limit the extent of a derailment
Authors: Wu Xingwen , Chi Maoru , Gao Hao , Zhang Dafu , Zeng Jing , Wu Pingbo , Zhu Minhao
Published: March 2014

Preventing railway vehicles from derailing is an important issue for the rail industry. Also important is minimizing the outcome of a derailment by formulating post-derailment measures to limit the extent to which railway vehicles deviate from the track. In this paper, two kinds of post-derailment devices are designed and then validated using derailment experiments performed in the laboratory. The derailment experiments are performed on a derailment test bench designed by the Traction Power State Key Laboratory. To design the\ post-derailment devices, a half-car derailment test without any post-derailment device is conducted to understand the dynamic behaviour after a derailment. Then devices that can be mounted under the axle box to limit the lateral displacement of the vehicle during the derailment are designed on the basis of the observed dynamic behaviour. A theoretical analysis is used to derive the relationship between the mounting position and the initial conditions of the derailment. Finally, the two devices, which have different mounting positions, were verified in derailment experiments. The verification results indicate that a device with a reasonable mounting position can limit the lateral displacement of the vehicle and reduce the consequences of a derailment. Also, in order to avoid the fastener area, the distance between the device and the wheel needs to be larger than 180 mm.
Feedback linearization-based self-tuning fuzzy proportional integral derivative control for atmospheric pressure simulator
Authors: Li Gang , Li Baoren , Wu Di , Du Jingmin , Yang Gang
Published: March 2014

A new robust nonlinear controller is proposed to improve the performance of the atmospheric pressure simulator that has some special characteristics such as asymmetry and nonlinearity. The three major components in such systems, the chamber, the servo valve and the vacuum pump, are studied to develop a full nonlinear model which encompasses all the major nonlinearities. Based on the model expressed in the controllability canonical form, a feedback linearization controller is developed to handle the strong asymmetry and nonlinearity of the atmospheric pressure simulator. Considering the parametric uncertainties and un-modeled dynamics existing in the atmospheric pressure simulator, a self-tuning fuzzy proportional integral derivative controller integrating with feedback linearization is introduced to improve the performance of the atmospheric pressure simulator at high-altitude simulations. Simulations and experiments indicate that the proposed controller can effectively raise the dynamic response performance, and in the meantime stability can be ensured.
Efficacy of mizoribine-tacrolimus-based induction therapy for pediatric lupus nephritis
Authors: Tanaka H , Aizawa T , Watanabe S , Oki E , Tsuruga K , Imaizumi T
Published: March 2014

Background

Recent advances in the management of lupus nephritis (LN) have also contributed to a favorable outcome in patients with pediatric-onset LN. Nevertheless, we believe that a more effective and less toxic treatment is needed to attain optimal control of pediatric-onset LN.

Methods

Seven consecutive children with biopsy-proven LN (four with class III/IV and three with class V) received multitarget induction therapy consisting of mizoribine (MZR), tacrolimus (Tac), and prednisolone (PDN). They were prospectively evaluated at three, six, and 12 months, and at the latest observation point after a mean period of 32 months. Post-treatment renal biopsy was performed in two patients with class III/IV.

Results

Despite gradually tapering the dose of concomitantly administered PDN, a significant improvement compared with baseline values was observed in the urinary, serological, and clinical assessment measures even at three months of treatment, and the favorable changes persisted throughout the treatment period in most of the study participants except for one. In two patients who underwent post-treatment renal biopsy, a marked histologic improvement was confirmed. No serious adverse events were observed.

Conclusions

Multitarget therapy may be an attractive option for the treatment of pediatric-onset LN. Further studies involving a larger number of patients are needed.
Communicating Vessels
Authors: Jaspert Nikolas
Published: March 2014

The objective of this article is to analyse several ways of handling religious diversity that were practised in medieval Latin Christian Europe, paying particular attention to the interdependencies between the following fields of religious diversity: first the presence of other religions than Latin Christianity within Medieval Europe, which is all too often reduced to Iberian ‘convivencia’. Second, religious diversity within Christianity is stressed, drawing particular attention to the so-called and frequently overlooked Oriental churches. A third block deals with the mechanisms the Christian Latin Church developed in order to control religious plurality, of which the demarcation between orthodoxy and heresy was only one. The development and institutionalisation of varied forms of religious life can also be understood as an attempt to channel diversity. Seen from this angle, the vivid world of sainthood—the fourth field—might be interpreted as a form of transcendental pluralism and as a flexible ‘market’ that catered to societal and religious change. Some final reflections are dedicated to the theological consequences European religious diversity heralded within Latin Christianity. Intra-religious diversification and inter-religious demarcation were closely related.
Shaping Social Work Science
Authors: Guo Shenyang
Published: March 2014

Based on a review of economists’ debates on mathematical economics, this article discusses a key issue for shaping the science of social work—research methodology. The article describes three important tasks quantitative researchers need to fulfill in order to enhance the scientific rigor of social work research. First, to test theories using empirical data, researchers should follow the positivistic/postpositivistic principles. Second, social work researchers should incorporate the latest advances in methods from other disciplines. Third, researchers should use quantitative methods to address the most pressing and challenging issues of social work research and practice.
Dabrafenib Therapy for Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Trinh Van Anh , Davis Jennifer E. , Anderson Jaime E. , Kim Kevin B.
Published: March 2014

Objective: To summarize the clinical development of dabrafenib and to highlight the clinically relevant distinct characteristics of dabrafenib in contrast to vemurafenib. Data Source: An English-language literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed (1966-June 2013), using the keywords GSK2118436, dabrafenib, vemurafenib, selective BRAF inhibitor, and advanced melanoma, was conducted. Data were also obtained from package inserts, meeting abstracts, and clinical registries. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All relevant published articles on dabrafenib and vemurafenib were reviewed. Clinical trial registries and meeting abstracts were used for information about ongoing studies. Data Synthesis: BRAFV600E mutation confers constitutive BRAK kinase activation in melanoma cells, promoting tumor growth. This discovery led to the development of BRAF kinase inhibitors like vemurafenib and dabrafenib. Dabrafenib has been approved to treat patients with BRAFV600E-positive unresectable or metastatic melanoma based on its clinical benefit demonstrated in a randomized phase III study. It has also been shown to be safe and effective in patients with BRAF mutant advanced melanoma involving the brain. Dabrafenib is well tolerated, with the most common adverse effects being hyperkeratosis, headache, pyrexia, and arthralgia. Currently, there is no evidence to suggest that one BRAF inhibitor is superior to the other. With similar efficacy, therapy selection will likely be influenced by differential tolerability and cost. Conclusions: Dabrafenib joins vemurafenib to confirm the superior clinical outcome of the BRAF inhibitors when compared with dacarbazine in patients with BRAFV600E-positive advanced melanoma. Active research is ongoing to expand its utility into the adjuvant setting and to circumvent rapid emergence of drug resistance.
An Interdisciplinary Memory Clinic
Authors: Rojas-Fernandez Carlos H. , Patel Tejal , Lee Linda
Published: March 2014

Pharmacists have developed innovative practices in various settings as singular providers or as members of multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary teams. Examples include pharmacists practicing in heart failure, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia clinics. There is a paucity of literature describing pharmacists in interdisciplinary memory clinics and specifically pharmacists practicing in interdisciplinary, primary care–based memory clinics. New practice models should be disseminated to guide others in the development of similar models given the complexity of this population. Patients with dementia are more difficult to manage because of cognitive impairment, behavioral and psychological symptoms, the common presence of multiple comorbidities, and related polypharmacy and caregiver issues. These challenges require expertise in neurodegenerative disorders and geriatrics. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of clinical pharmacists providing care to patients with cognitive complaints in a primary care–based, interdisciplinary memory clinic, with a focus on how the pharmacist practices and is integrated in this collaborative care setting. Patients are assessed using an interdisciplinary approach, with team consensus for assessment and planning of care. Pharmacists’ activities include assessment of (1) appropriateness of medications based on frailty, (2) medications that can impair cognition and/or function, (3) medication adherence and management skills, and (4) vascular risk factor control. Pharmacists provide education regarding medications and diseases, ensure appropriate transitions in care, and conduct home visits. Pharmacist participation in this clinic represents a novel opportunity to advance pharmacy practice in primary care, interdisciplinary models. Work is ongoing to describe outcomes attributable to pharmacist participation in this clinic.