bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Antioxidant System Components to the Long-Term Physiological and Protective Effect of Salicylic Acid on Wheat under Salinity Conditions
Authors: Maslennikova Dilara , Knyazeva Inna , Vershinina Oksana , Titenkov Andrey , Lastochkina Oksana
Published: June 2024

Salicylic acid (SA) plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development and mitigating the negative effects of various stresses, including salinity. In this study, the effect of 50 μM SA on the physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat plants under normal and stress conditions was investigated. The results showed that on the 28th day of the growing season, SA pretreatment continued to stimulate the growth of wheat plants. This was evident through an increase in shoot length and leaf area, with the regulation of leaf blade width playing a significant role in this effect. Additionally, SA improved photosynthesis by increasing the content of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and carotenoids (Car), resulting in an increased TAP (total amount of pigments) index in the leaves. Furthermore, SA treatment led to a balanced increase in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the leaves, accompanied by a slight but significant accumulation of ascorbic acid (ASA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, and the activation of glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Exposure to salt stress for 28 days resulted in a reduction in length and leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, and GSH and ASA content in wheat leaves. It also led to the accumulation of H2O2 and proline and significant activation of GR and APX. However, SA pretreatment exhibited a long-term growth-stimulating and protective effect under stress conditions. It significantly mitigated the negative impacts of salinity on leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, proline accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and H2O2. Furthermore, SA reduced the salinity-induced depletion of GSH and ASA levels, which was associated with the modulation of GR and APX activities. In small-scale field experiments conducted under natural growing conditions, pre-sowing seed treatment with 50 μM SA improved the main indicators of grain yield and increased the content of essential amino acids in wheat grains. Thus, SA pretreatment can be considered an effective approach for providing prolonged protection to wheat plants under salinity and improving grain yield and quality.
Analysis of Thermal Characteristics of Potato and Hop Pollen for Their Cryopreservation and Cross-Breeding
Authors: Faltus Milos , Domkářová Jaroslava , Svoboda Petr , Horáčková Vendulka , Nesvadba Vladimír , Klička Vladislav , Ptáček Jiří , Bilavcik Alois , Zamecnik Jiri
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the thermal properties of potato and hop pollen for cryopreservation and subsequent cross-breeding. Phase transitions and frozen water content in selected pollen samples were measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Unlike hop pollen, potato pollen showed high variability in thermal properties and water content. Three specific types of pollen samples based on their thermal characteristics and water content were distinguished by DSC in potato: (1) ‘glassy’, with a water content lower than 0.21 g water per g dry matter; (2) ‘transient’, with a water content between 0.27 and 0.34 g of water per g of dry matter; (3) ‘frozen’, with a water content higher than 0.34 g of water per g of dry matter. Only the ‘glassy’ pollen samples with a low water content showed suitable properties for its long-term storage using cryopreservation in potato and hops. Cryopreservation of pollen did not significantly reduce its viability, and cryopreserved pollen was successfully used to produce both potato and hop hybrids. The results indicate that cryopreservation is a feasible technique for the preservation and utilization of pollen of these crops in the breeding process.
Parameterization of Four Models to Estimate Crop Evapotranspiration in a Solar Greenhouse
Authors: Gao Shikai , Li Yu , Gong Xuewen , Li Yanbin
Published: June 2024

Working to simplify mechanistic models on the basis of reliability for estimating crop evapotranspiration (ET) in a greenhouse is still worthwhile for horticulturists. In this study, four ET models (Penman–Monteith, Priestley–Taylor, and Shuttleworth–Wallace models, and the Crop coefficient method) were parameterized after taking the restriction effect of resistance parameters in these models on ET into account, named as PA-PM, PA-PT, PA-CC, and PA-SW, respectively. The performance of these four parameterized models was compared at different growth stages, as well as the entire growing season. Tomatoes that were ET-grown in a solar greenhouse without a heating device were measured using weighting lysimeters during 2016–2017 and 2019–2021, in which data from 2016 were used to adjust the model parameters, and data from the other four study years were used to examine the model performance. The results indicated that the PA-PT and PA-CC models have a better performance in estimating tomato ET at four growth stages, while the PA-PM and PA-SW performed well only at the development and middle stages. Compared to the ET that was measured with the weighting lysimeters, the ET that was predicted using the PA-PM model was 27.0% lower at the initial stage, and 8.7% higher at the late stage; the ET that was computed using the PA-SW model was 19.5% and 13.6% higher at the initial and late stages, respectively. The PA-PT model yielded the lowest root mean square error and the highest index of agreement against the other models over the entire growing season, indicating that the PA-PT model is the best recommended model for estimating tomato ET in a solar greenhouse.
Identification of Pepper Leaf Diseases Based on TPSAO-AMWNet
Authors: Wan Li , Zhu Wenke , Dai Yixi , Zhou Guoxiong , Chen Guiyun , Jiang Yichu , Zhu Ming’e , He Mingfang
Published: June 2024

Pepper is a high-economic-value agricultural crop that faces diverse disease challenges such as blight and anthracnose. These diseases not only reduce the yield of pepper but, in severe cases, can also cause significant economic losses and threaten food security. The timely and accurate identification of pepper diseases is crucial. Image recognition technology plays a key role in this aspect by automating and efficiently identifying pepper diseases, helping agricultural workers to adopt and implement effective control strategies, alleviating the impact of diseases, and being of great importance for improving agricultural production efficiency and promoting sustainable agricultural development. In response to issues such as edge-blurring and the extraction of minute features in pepper disease image recognition, as well as the difficulty in determining the optimal learning rate during the training process of traditional pepper disease identification networks, a new pepper disease recognition model based on the TPSAO-AMWNet is proposed. First, an Adaptive Residual Pyramid Convolution (ARPC) structure combined with a Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) module is proposed to solve the problem of edge-blurring by utilizing adaptivity and channel attention; secondly, to address the issue of micro-feature extraction, Minor Triplet Disease Focus Attention (MTDFA) is proposed to enhance the capture of local details of pepper leaf disease features while maintaining attention to global features, reducing interference from irrelevant regions; then, a mixed loss function combining Weighted Focal Loss and L2 regularization (WfrLoss) is introduced to refine the learning strategy during dataset processing, enhancing the model’s performance and generalization capabilities while preventing overfitting. Subsequently, to tackle the challenge of determining the optimal learning rate, the tent particle snow ablation optimizer (TPSAO) is developed to accurately identify the most effective learning rate. The TPSAO-AMWNet model, trained on our custom datasets, is evaluated against other existing methods. The model attains an average accuracy of 93.52% and an F1 score of 93.15%, demonstrating robust effectiveness and practicality in classifying pepper diseases. These results also offer valuable insights for disease detection in various other crops.
In Situ Generation of Nanoparticles on and within Polymeric Materials
Authors: Kelarakis Antonios
Published: June 2024

It is well-established that the structural, morphological and performance characteristics of nanoscale materials critically depend upon the dispersion state of the nanofillers that is, in turn, largely determined by the preparation protocol. In this report, we review synthetic strategies that capitalise on the in situ generation of nanoparticles on and within polymeric materials, an approach that relies on the chemical transformation of suitable precursors to functional nanoparticles synchronous with the build-up of the nanohybrid systems. This approach is distinctively different compared to standard preparation methods that exploit the dispersion of preformed nanoparticles within the macromolecular host and presents advantages in terms of time and cost effectiveness, environmental friendliness and the uniformity of the resulting composites. Notably, the in situ-generated nanoparticles tend to nucleate and grow on the active sites of the macromolecular chains, showing strong adhesion on the polymeric host. So far, this strategy has been explored in fabrics and membranes comprising metallic nanoparticles (silver, gold, platinum, copper, etc.) in relation to their antimicrobial and antifouling applications, while proof-of-concept demonstrations for carbon- and silica-based nanoparticles as well as titanium oxide-, layered double hydroxide-, hectorite-, lignin- and hydroxyapatite-based nanocomposites have been reported. The nanocomposites thus prepared are ideal candidates for a broad spectrum of applications such as water purification, environmental remediation, antimicrobial treatment, mechanical reinforcement, optical devices, etc.
An Efficient Ground Moving Target Imaging Method for Synthetic Aperture Radar Based on Scaled Fourier Transform and Scaled Inverse Fourier Transform
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhu Haoyu , Liu Ruixin , Wan Jun , Chen Zhanye
Published: June 2024

The unknown relative motions between synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and a ground moving target will lead to serious range cell migration (RCM) and Doppler frequency spread (DFS). The energy of the moving target will defocus, given the effect of the RCM and DFS. The moving target will easily produce Doppler ambiguity, due to the low pulse repetition frequency of radar, and the Doppler ambiguity complicates the corrections of the RCM and DFS. In order to address these issues, an efficient ground moving target focusing method for SAR based on scaled Fourier transform and scaled inverse Fourier transform is presented. Firstly, the operations based on the scaled Fourier transform and scaled inverse Fourier transforms are presented to focus the moving targets in consideration of Doppler ambiguity. Subsequently, in accordance with the detailed analysis of multiple target focusing, the spurious peak related to the cross term is removed. The proposed method can accurately eliminate the DFS and RCM, and the well-focused result of the moving target can be achieved under the complex Doppler ambiguity. Then, the blind speed sidelobe can be further avoided. The presented method has high computational efficiency without the step of parameter search. The simulated and measured SAR data are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method.
RETRACTED: Ji, W.; Chen, X. TRUST: A Novel Framework for Vehicle Trajectory Recovery from Urban-Scale Videos. Sensors 2022, 22, 9948
Authors: Ji Wentao , Chen Xing
Published: June 2024

The Sensors Editorial Office retracts the article, “TRUST: A Novel Framework for Vehicle Trajectory Recovery from Urban-Scale Videos” [...]
Effectiveness of the Fuzzy Logic Control to Manage the Microclimate Inside a Smart Insulated Greenhouse
Authors: Riahi Jamel , Nasri Hamza , Mami Abdelkader , Vergura Silvano
Published: June 2024

Agricultural greenhouses incorporate intricate systems to regulate the internal climate. Among the crucial climatic variables, indoor temperature and humidity take precedence in establishing an optimal environment for plant production and growth. The present research emphasizes the efficacy of employing intelligent control systems in the automation of the indoor climate for smart insulated greenhouses (SIGs), utilizing a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). This paper proposes the use of an FLC to reduce the energy consumption of a greenhouse. In the first step, a thermodynamic model is presented and experimentally validated based on thermal heat exchanges between the indoor and outdoor climatic variables. The outcomes show the effectiveness of the proposed model in controlling indoor air temperature and relative humidity with a low error percentage. Secondly, several fuzzy logic control models have been developed to regulate the indoor temperature and humidity for cold and hot periods. The results show the good performance of the proposed FLC model as highlighted by the statistical analysis. In fact, the root mean squared error (RMSE) is very small and equal to 0.69% for temperature and 0.23% for humidity, whereas the efficiency factor (EF) of the fuzzy logic control is equal to 99.35% for temperature control and 99.86% for humidity control.
Can Resource Dependency and Corporate Social Responsibility Drive Green Innovation Performance?
Authors: Wang Yibo , Wang Bocheng
Published: June 2024

As the producers of environmental pollution, it is urgent for enterprises to make up for their lack of environmental responsibility and to realize green transformation and development. At the same time, resource dependence is promoted from the single level of economic growth to the field of green development, which is a field of research and development on resource dependence and broadens the perspective of related research in the academic world. In this paper, we select panel data from 30 regions in China from 2009 to 2022 to validate the research on the impact of resource dependence and corporate social responsibility on green innovation performance. The conclusions are as follows: (1) From 2009 to 2022, the average industrial green innovation performance of the 30 provinces in China was 0.553, with the efficiency values of the eastern, central, and western regions showing a gradual decreasing trend. (2) We found a consistently negative correlation between resource dependency and green innovation performance, confirming the existence of a “resource curse” linking the two. Meanwhile, the regression coefficient of CSR for green innovation performance was positive, confirming the driving effect of the former on the latter. (3) The “resource curse” does not manifest conditionally or have a threshold effect. Instead, we found that it has long-term and persistent characteristics. Meanwhile, the impact of CSR on green innovation performance shows a “reverse N-shaped” double-threshold effect, where CSR can improve green innovation performance only when it reaches a certain threshold value. This paper provides insights to support Chinese enterprises in enhancing their green innovation performance and lays a theoretical foundation for enterprises to fulfill their social responsibility.
Emergence and Development of Transformative Capacities for the Sustainability of the Agri-Food System: The Process in Valdivia, Chile
Authors: Sarabia Nancy , Peris Jordi
Published: June 2024

Local agri-food disruptive innovations are becoming increasingly crucial for the transformation of agri-food regimes towards sustainability. This study incorporates a systemic approach to explore the relevance of various capacities available at the city region level to prepare, initiate, and lead a change in the sustainability trajectory of local agri-food systems. It explores the city of Valdivia, Chile, which has a large movement of sustainable cooperatives and diverse disruptive private and public agri-food initiatives that are challenging the deep free-market economic and social model with an agro-exporting, competitive, and centralist focus. Through the systemic approach of sustainability transition studies, themes of emergence and development of local agri-food transition processes are being developed, and the findings are linked to studies of social movements and the social and solidarity economy.
Sentiments of Rural U.S. Communities on Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure: Insights from Twitter Data
Authors: Wang Ming (Bryan) , Zhao Li , Cochran Abigail L.
Published: June 2024

The widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and the development of charging infrastructure is key to achieving sustainable transportation and reducing greenhouse emissions. This research paper presents a novel exploration of the public sentiments expressed by rural U.S. communities toward EVs and EV infrastructure using Twitter data. To understand the factors influencing public sentiment, three distinct models were developed and applied: Generalized Linear Models, Hierarchical Linear Models, and Geographically Weighted Regression. These models explored the relationships between sentiment and several impact factors, including the topics of the tweets, and the age and sex of tweet senders as well as the number of charging stations and historical accident data in the geographical vicinity of each tweet’s origin. Results indicate that a more positive sentiment on EVs resulted (1) when the tweet discussed EV infrastructure investment and equity, (2) when the tweeter was male, and (3) when more charging stations were present and fewer EV accidents occurred in the county, especially in rural areas. Counties with higher rural percentages generally exhibited more positive sentiments toward EV usage. The paper contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the sentiments of rural residents toward EVs and the infrastructure.
A Symmetric Fourth Party Logistics Routing Problem with Multiple Distributors in Uncertain Random Environments
Authors: Gao Xinyu , Gao Xin , Liu Yang
Published: June 2024

Economic globalization and the rapid development of the Internet make logistics systems more and more diversified, people and enterprises have greatly increased their requirements for logistics systems, and fourth party logistics has received more and more attention from people and related enterprises. In order to further study the routing problem under uncertain stochastic environments, this paper considers the fourth party logistics routing problem from a single manufacturer to multiple distributors with uncertain times and random supplies under the complete information symmetry scenario and symmetric transportation volume decision space. Then, an uncertain stochastic programming model is established with the minimum total cost as its core objective, and the total transportation time, manufacturer’s supply, and distributor’s demand as constraints. In order to solve the optimal path of the above problems, this paper transforms the uncertain stochastic programming model into a classical mathematical programming model based on the distribution functions of uncertain time and random supply. Finally, two numerical examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
The Deterioration of C-S-H Gel in a Severe Sulfate Environment
Authors: Liao Wei , Lu Chunhua , Xu Zhongzi
Published: June 2024

Immersion tests with 5 wt.% Na2SO4 solution were carried out to investigate the deterioration of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel in a sulfate environment. C-S-H gels with different Ca/(Si + Al) molar ratios were used for comparison. Particular attention was paid to the changes in element composition and Si-O-Si chain structure of the C-S-H gel. The results show that the C-S-H gels with a low Ca/(Si + Al) ratio (0.8–1.0) and appropriate Si-O-Si chain length (14.8) presented better stability in a severe sulfate environment. The C-S-H gels with a higher Ca/(Si + Al) ratio (>2.0) were more sensitive to the attack of sulfate ions. Calcium ions dissolved rapidly during the immersion process, causing the loss of cohesive strength of the C-S-H gel, and then decomposed into fine particles. The C-S-H gel with a lower Ca/(Si + Al) ratio (about 1.1) rarely leached out calcium ions and maintained good micromorphology. The 29Si MAS-NMR results indicate that the Si-O-Si chains with too short or too long chain lengths will break and recombine under the attack of sulfate ions. The Si-O-Si chains with an appropriate chain length (14.8) maintained the stability of the structure of the C-S-H gel in a sulfate environment. These changes are closely related to the asymmetric layered structure of amorphous C-S-H gel. Partial calcium ions between the layers of the main chain structure of Si-O-Si are easily taken away by sulfate ions, leading to the structural instability of the C-S-H gel.
A Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Approach for International Shipping Operator Selection Based on Single-Valued Neutrosophic Power Hamy Mean Operators
Authors: Zhang Kecheng , Wang Yawen , Chen Zhicheng
Published: June 2024

Maritime shipping is a crucial method of transporting goods internationally and is vital in supporting global trade. However, due to its global scope, the international shipping market is susceptible to political and economic disturbances. The recent escalation in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict has severely impacted the international shipping market, particularly in the tense Red Sea region. Previous research has neglected the significance of evaluating international shipping companies, particularly their origins, within their evaluation frameworks. A fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) approach is necessary to address the complexity of evaluating shipping companies with unclear criteria and uncertain expert opinions. Symmetry is crucial in various mathematical fields, with recent applications in hesitant fuzzy sets (HFSs) and neutrosophic sets (NSs), which are frequently employed to solve complex MADM problems. The consideration of symmetry in decision-making processes can enhance the robustness and fairness of evaluations, ensuring a balanced and unbiased approach. The neutrosophic–hesitant fuzzy set (NHFS) considers both the uncertainty of membership degrees of elements (hesitancy in HFSs) and the performance of membership degrees in the true, false, and neutral aspects (the ternary relation in NSs). NHFSs can be seen as a generalization of HFSs and NSs, providing a flexible mathematical framework to more effectively describe and analyze the uncertainties, hesitancies, and fuzziness involved in MADM problems. This study presents single-valued neutrosophic power Hamy mean (SVNPHM) operators and single-valued neutrosophic weighted power Hamy mean (SVNWPHM) operators, which are derived from power aggregation operators (AOs) and the Hamy mean (HM), within the framework of single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNS). Some properties were investigated via these operators. Furthermore, SVNWPHM operators were employed to address single-valued neutrosophic MADM issues. The proposed methodology was validated by conducting a case study on international shipping provider selection, showcasing the methodology’s relevance and efficiency.
Recombinant Protein Expression and Its Biotechnological Applications in Chlorella spp.
Authors: Chen Chuchi , Ward Valerie C. A.
Published: June 2024

Recombinant protein expression is a fundamental aspect of both synthetic biology and biotechnology as well as a field unto itself. Microalgae, with their eukaryotic cellular machinery, high lipid content, cost-effective cultivation conditions, safety profile for human consumption, and environmentally friendly attributes, are a promising system for protein expression or metabolic engineering for sustainable chemical production. Amongst the incredible diversity of microalgae species, Chlorella spp. are heavily studied due to their high growth efficiency, potential for low-cost cultivation, and well-characterized scale-up process for large-scale cultivation. This review aims to comprehensively examine the ongoing advancements in the bioengineering of Chlorella spp. for recombinant protein production and its biotechnological applications. This includes genetic elements such as promoters, terminators, reporters and markers, enhancers, and tags successfully used in Chlorella spp.
Symbolic or Substantive? The Effects of the Digital Transformation Process on Environmental Disclosure
Authors: Ji Huanyong , Sheng Shuya , Wan Jun
Published: June 2024

This study improves our comprehension of the relationship between the digital transformation process and environmental disclosure in emerging economies. Specifically, it delves into the effects of digital transformation on both symbolic and substantive environmental disclosure types through the application of text mining methods. Additionally, this research examines how these impacts are moderated by the political experience of senior managers. Drawing on a panel dataset of 2033 listed Chinese manufacturing firms over the period from 2009 to 2020, the findings reveal that (1) the digital transformation process is negatively associated with substantive environmental disclosure and (2) the senior managers’ political experience positively moderates the relationship between the digital transformation process and symbolic environmental disclosure. Several supplementary analyses were also conducted to enrich these results. The implications of this work may have substantial value for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers operating within the industrial sector.
Influence of artificial intelligence on education in modern conditions
Authors:   Graduate School of Management, People’s Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Ermina U. V.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on modern education. The main attention is paid to the study of both positive and possible negative consequences of introducing AI into educational processes. The paper explores the benefits of AI, such as the ability to adapt curriculum and materials in real time, which improves student engagement and satisfaction, as well as automating administrative tasks, which makes it easier to manage educational institutions. The study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential of AI in education and the need for a balanced approach to its integration, which will contribute to the creation of sustainable and equitable educational systems in the future.
Examining leader behaviors and institutional factors influencing the performance of women's national teams in Sri Lanka: an empirical investigation
Authors: Fernando Weerappulige Shohani Madurangani , Perera Hettiarachchige Piumi Navamali , Kumaragamage Madara Hansamali
Published: June 2024

The study aimed to investigate how leader behaviors, institutional factors, Coach attributes, and Coach Experience contributed to the team performance of national-level women's teams in Sri Lanka. The population consisted of one hundred and ten (N=110) female athletes who participated in team sports at the national level in Sri Lanka. The research employed a quantitative approach, distributing questionnaires to players of Sri Lanka's national-level women's teams. It utilized a census sampling technique, resulting in a sample size of 110 participants. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23. The study hypothesized that leadership behaviors, institutional factors, coach attributes, and coach experience significantly impacted team performance. Results revealed a significant positive impact of democratic leadership, coach attributes, coach experience, and institutional factors on team performance, while autocratic leadership demonstrated a significant negative impact. Coaches, team managers, and sports administrators could utilize the findings to identify essential elements for the success of Sri Lankan women's national teams.
Precision Mapping of Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Remote Sensing Approach Using Unoccupied Aerial Systems Light Detection and Ranging and Multispectral Data
Authors: Pricope Narcisa Gabriela , Halls Joanne Nancie , Dalton Elijah Garrett , Minei Asami , Chen Cuixian , Wang Yishi
Published: June 2024

Coastal wetlands, crucial for global biodiversity and climate adaptation, provide essential ecosystem services such as carbon storage and flood protection. These vital areas are increasingly threatened by both natural and human-induced changes, prompting the need for advanced monitoring techniques. This study employs unmanned aerial systems (UASs) equipped with light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and multispectral sensors to survey diverse wetland types across 8 sites in North Carolina. Utilizing high-resolution elevation data and detailed vegetation analysis, coupled with sophisticated machine learning algorithms, we achieved differentiated and highly precise classifications of wetland types. Classification accuracies varied by type, with estuarine intertidal emergent wetlands showing the highest classification accuracies due to less complex vegetation structure and clearer spectral signatures, especially when collections account for tidal influence. In contrast, palustrine forested and scrub–shrub wetlands presented lower accuracies, often due to the denser, mixed, and more complex vegetation structure and variable inundation levels, which complicate spectral differentiation and ground returns from LiDAR sensors. Overall, our integrated UAS-derived LiDAR and multispectral approach not only enhances the accuracy of wetland mapping but also offers a scalable, efficient, and cost-effective method that substantially advances conservation efforts and informs policy-making for coastal resilience. By demonstrating the usefulness of small-scale aerial data collection in ecological mapping, this study highlights the transformative potential of merging advanced technologies in environmental monitoring, underscoring their critical role in sustaining natural habitats and aiding in climate change mitigation strategies.
Ultrafast Laser Writing of Liquid Crystal Waveguides
Authors: Chen Bohan , Xie Peng , Zhao Zimo , Salter Patrick S. , Li Mengmeng , Xue Linpei , Qiu Xuke , Booth Martin J. , Elston Steve J. , Morris Stephen M.
Published: June 2024

With the development of conformable photonic platforms, particularly those that could be interfaced with the human body or integrated into wearable technology, there is an ever-increasing need for mechanically flexible optical photonic elements in soft materials. Here, we realize mechanically flexible liquid crystal (LC) waveguides using a combination of ultrafast direct laser writing and ultraviolet (UV) photo-polymerization. Results are presented that demonstrate that these laser-written waveguides can be either electrically switchable (by omitting the bulk UV polymerization step) or mechanically flexible. Characteristics of the waveguide are investigated for different fabrication conditions and geometrical configurations, including the dimensions of the waveguide and laser writing power. Our findings reveal that smaller waveguide geometries result in reduced intensity attenuation. Specifically, for a 10-μm-wide laser-written channel in a 14-μm-thick LC layer, a loss factor of −1.8 dB/mm at
λ
= 650 nm was observed. Following the UV polymerization step and subsequent delamination of the glass substrates, we demonstrate a free-standing flexible LC waveguide, which retains waveguide functionality even when bent, making it potentially suitable for on-skin sensors and other photonic devices that could interface with the human body. For the flexible LC waveguides fabricated in this study, the loss in a straight waveguide with a cross-sectional area of 20 μm × 20 μm was recorded to be −0.2 dB/mm. These results highlight the promising potential of electrically responsive and mechanically moldable optical waveguides using laser writing and UV-assisted polymer network formation.
IMPROVEMENT OF VOLTAGE QUALITY OF POWER GRID INTEGRATED ANCILLARY SERVICES THROUGH WIND TURBINES AND STATCOM: CASE OF POWER GRID IN BINH THUAN
Authors: Châu Lê Thị Minh , Thành Trần Viết , Quân Dương Minh , Châu Lê Xuân , Nhân Văn Trọng , Tuấn Trần Anh
Published: June 2024

Một xu hướng quan trọng cho tương lai là tích hợp năng lượng gió (WP) vào lưới điện, nhằm đảm bảo rằng nguồn năng lượng được sử dụng để thay thế năng lượng hóa thạch không gây ô nhiễm môi trường. Nguồn phát điện, tải điện, hoặc sự cố ngắn mạch sẽ ảnh hưởng đến lưới điện, do đó, cần có một giải pháp phù hợp để đảm bảo hoạt động an toàn của nó. Nội dung bài báo sẽ đề cập giải pháp ổn định lưới điện kết hợp với nguồn phụ trợ là bộ bù đồng bộ tĩnh (STATCOM).Công việc này là một phần nội dung đề tài nghiên cứu đang được thực hiện nhằm cung cấp các minh chứng về việc cải thiện điệp áp thông qua giải pháp tích hợp thiết bị phụ trợ từ các nhà máy điện giódựa trên phần mềm Digsilent Power Factor. Công nghệ STATCOM được nghiên cứu như một giải pháp phụ trợ hiệu quả để điều tiết và duy trì chất lượng điện áp trong bối cảnh phát điện gió thay đổi. Nghiên cứu không chỉ tìm cách tối ưu hóa hiệu suất và độ ổn định của lưới điện mà còn đề xuất các giải pháp phù hợp với điều kiện đặc thù của mạng lưới điện Việt Nam.
EFFECT OF THE COVID-19 ON SAIGON RIVER WATER QUALITY AND RESIDENT’S AWARENESS IN HO CHI MINH CITY
Authors: Tòng Nguyễn Xuân , Tuyền Lê Thị , Khang Lưu Tăng Phúc
Published: June 2024

Đại dịch COVID-19 gây thay đổi đáng kể về nước mặt và thói quen sinh hoạt của người dân Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Việt Nam. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu là đánh giá tác động của COVID-19 đến nước sông Sài Gòn và nhận thức môi trường của người dân Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Mẫu nước được thu thập từ 12 địa điểm dọc sông Sài Gòn trong ba giai đoạn dịch COVID-19: trước phong tỏa, trong thời gian phong tỏa, và sau khi hạn chế được nới lỏng. Phân tích cho thấy các tham số hóa lý (ngoại trừ DO) và kim loại nặng (Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Fe) trong nước sông Sài Gòn giảm hơn 80,0% trong thời gian phong tỏa, phù hợp với QCVN08:2023/BTNMT (mức B), nhưng tăng trở lại sau khi hạn chế được nới lỏng, đạt lại mức trước khi phong tỏa. Đồng thời, một khảo sát được tiến hành để đánh giá kiến thức và nhận thức môi trường của người dân Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh về tác động của COVID-19. Tổng 630 phản hồi hợp lệ được thu thập. Kết quả cho thấy hơn 60% người tham gia xác định rác thải, nước thải sinh hoạt và công nghiệp là nguồn chính gây ô nhiễm nước sông Sài Gòn. Vì vậy, việc nâng cao nhận thức của người dân để thúc đẩy những hành vi có thể giảm thiểu ô nhiễm và cải thiện chất lượng nước sông.
ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL FRACTIONS AND EVALUATION OF COPPER (Cu) CONTAMINATED LEVELS IN SOIL SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM A Pb/Zn MINING SITE LOCATED IN HICH VILLAGE, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE
Authors: Xuân Vương Trường , Phương Phan Thanh , Hà Phạm Thị Thu
Published: June 2024

Hiện nay, sự ô nhiễm của kim loại nặng trong các khu vực khai thác quặng đang trở nên rất nghiêm trọng tại Việt Nam và trên toàn cầu. Mục đích của nghiên cứu này là phân tích dạng hóa học của đồng (Cu) và đánh giá mức độ, nguy cơ ô nhiễm của nguyên tố này trong mẫu đất ở khu vực mỏ Pb/Zn Làng Hích, huyện Đồng Hỷ, tỉnh Thái Nguyên, để góp phần có được những thông tin cần thiết trong quản lý môi trường đất ở khu vực này. Hàm lượng Cu trong các dạng hóa học trong các mẫu đất được phân tích theo phương pháp chiết Tessier, sử dụng kỹ thuật ICP-MS. Kết quả cho thấy nồng độ trung bình của Cu trên năm mẫu cát từ 15,524 đến 35,192 mg kg-1, trong khi đó ở bảy mẫu nông nghiệp, nồng độ dao động từ 15,359 đến 21,198 mg kg-1. Chủ yếu, Cu được xác định trong các phân tử đất theo thứ tự: cặn (F5) > cacbonat (F2) > oxit Fe/Mn (F3) > phân tử trao đổi (F1) > cacbon hữu cơ (F4). Tuân thủ các tiêu chuẩn Việt Nam, nồng độ Cu trong các mẫu đất nông nghiệp vẫn ở dưới ngưỡng cho phép. Dựa trên chỉ số Igeo, hầu hết các mẫu đất cho thấy mức độ ô nhiễm nhẹ. Hơn nữa, theo Mã đánh giá rủi ro (RAC), 11 trong số 12 mẫu đất được phân tích được xác định là có mức độ rủi ro trung bình.
RESEARCH AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A POLAR COORDINATE LASER ENGRAVING MACHINE
Authors: Bình Nguyễn Thị Thanh , Kiên Nguyễn Xuân
Published: June 2024

Bài viết này trình bày một sự khám phá trong lĩnh vực khắc laser thông qua góc nhìn của tọa độ cực. Khắc laser đã trở thành một công cụ quan trọng trong nhiều ngành công nghiệp, nhưng chủ yếu được xây dựng và hoạt động dựa tọa độ Descartes, xác định vị trí của một điểm trên một mặt phẳng cho trước bằng một tọa độ (x, y) hoặc (x, y, z), tức là đầu laser di chuyển trên mặt phẳng theo chiều ngang, dọc hoặc lên xuống theo đường thẳng. Vì vậy khi gặp các thiết kế dạng cong, tròn thì quá trình gia công gặp các vấn đề như: kết quả sản phẩm không được trơn, mịn, có dạng bước bậc thang đặc biệt khi bước quay của động cơ tăng thì bề mặt càng thô, sai số lớn. Sản phẩm của đề tài là kết quả của quá trình nghiên cứu, triển khai xây dựng thực tế một thiết bị hoạt động với đầu laser di chuyển theo vị trí được xác định bởi gốc cực và trục cực. Với thiết bị này, các nét cắt dạng cong tròn có độ trơn mịn, thẩm mỹ cao, thời gian gia công nhanh, rút ngắn được quá trình chạy không công của cơ cấu chấp hành, tối ưu hoạt động và tăng tuổi thọ sử dụng máy móc. Hệ thống đã áp dụng khoa học kỹ thuật vào quá trình tự động hóa sản xuất, giúp tăng năng suất, giảm sức lao động của con người.
A NOVEL PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION GUIDED GENETIC TO THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK RECONFIGURATION PROBLEM WITH AN OBJECTIVE FUNCTION OF MINIMUM OPERATING AND POWER OUTAGE COSTS
Authors: Linh Nguyễn Tùng , Long Phạm Vũ
Published: June 2024

Trong vận hành lưới điện phân phối, bài toán cấu hình lại mạng lưới phân phối theo sự thay đổi của tải nhằm giảm tổn thất điện năng giúp phần nào giảm chi phí vận hành của mạng lưới phân phối nhưng sẽ ảnh hưởng đến độ tin cậy cung cấp điện của tải. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đề xuất một giải thuật kết hợp giữa hai thuật toán đã được chứng minh hiệu quả, đó là kết hợp giải thuật di truyền (GA) và giải thuật tối ưu hóa bầy đàn (PSO) cho bài toán tái cấu hình với hàm mục tiêu là giảm tổn thất công suất có xét đến chi phí vận hành và chi phí ngừng cấp điện trên lưới phân phối. Để chứng minh hiệu suất của giải thuật PSO-GA được đề xuất, mô phỏng đã được thực hiện thông qua phần mềm MATLAB 2019a, và hệ thống lưới phân phối mẫu IEEE 33- nút được sử dụng trong mô phỏng. Kết quả thực nghiệm cho thấy giải thuật được đề xuất cung cấp các cấu trúc tối ưu khi giải quyết vấn đề tái cấu hình lại lưới điện phân phối khi xét đến chi phí vận hành và ngưng cấp điện.
STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF A SOL-GEL GENERATED BiFeO3 AND ITS PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Thảo Trương Thị , Vũ Nguyễn Anh , Anh Xuân Chu Thị , Huế Lô Thị , Vân Nguyễn Thị Khánh , Hà Lê Tiến , Khiển Nguyễn Văn
Published: June 2024

BiFeO3 (BFO) được chế tạo bằng phương pháp sol-gel từ các tiền chất ban đầu Bi(NO3)3.5H2O và Fe(NO3)3.9H2O. Kết quả phân tích giản đồ nhiễu xạ tia X cho thấy hệ vật liệu BFO chế tạo được khi nung ở 600 oC và 700 oC là đơn pha với cấu trúc Provskie trực giao, thuộc nhóm đối xứng không gian R3c. Độ hấp thụ và hoạt tính quang xúc tác của BFO đối với quá trình phân hủy xanh Methylene (MB) được nghiên cứu bằng phương pháp quang phổ hồng ngoại (IR) và UV-Vis. Qua tính toán BFO có độ rộng vùng cấm khoảng 2,20 eV và gần như không hấp thụ MB nhưng nó lại có khả năng làm chất xúc tác quang phân huỷ MB rất tốt dưới ánh sáng mặt trời. Ứng với nồng độ 1,0 g/L của BFO nó có khả năng phân hủy MB ở nồng độ MB từ 10 - 30 ppm đạt tới 90% sau 90 phút chiếu sáng. Điều này chứng minh rằng các cặp điện tử - lỗ trống (e-h) bị kích thích quang là nguyên nhân gây ra sự phân hủy MB dưới ánh sáng mặt trời.
RECOMMENDATION OF DEFLECTION CALCULATION FOR A REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM SUBJECTED TO SHORT-TERM LOADS ACCORDING TO VIETNAMESE STANDARD TCVN 5574:2018: A COMPARISON WITH FINITE ELEMENT MODELING
Authors: Bình Trần Thanh , Tùng Nguyễn Quang , Thịnh Trịnh Quang , Thắng Vương Lê , Chính Trương Hoài
Published: June 2024

Nghiên cứu này tập trung vào việc đánh giá độ võng ngắn hạn của dầm bê tông cốt thép được tính theo Tiêu chuẩn Việt Nam về thiết kế kết cấu bê tông và bê tông cốt thép (TCVN 5574:2018) bằng cách so sánh với kết quả từ phần mềm Abaqus. Mục tiêu là đề xuất các khuyến cáo nhằm nâng cao độ an toàn cho việc tính độ võng bằng TCVN 5574:2018. Mô hình kể đến hư hại dẻo của bê tông được thiết lập trong phần mềm Abaqus nhằm kể đến ứng xử phức tạp của vật liệu bê tông, trong khi đó ở TCVN 5574:2018, quan hệ ứng suất – biến dạng hai hoặc ba đoạn thẳng của bê tông được sử dụng để thuận tiện trong tính toán thực hành. Kết quả cho thấy giá trị độ võng tính toán theo TCVN 5574:2018 cho giá trị thấp hơn kết quả mô phỏng trong giai đoạn bê tông chưa nứt và cho giá trị cao hơn với các cấp tải trọng lớn hơn trước khi đạt đến giới hạn chảy của thép với chênh lệch dao động từ 15% đến 20%. Bằng cách so sánh kết quả từ tiêu chuẩn thực hành và mô phỏng phức tạp, nghiên cứu này đóng góp vào việc cải thiện các phương pháp thiết kế và nâng cao độ an toàn của kết cấu.
Pharmacoeconomic Position of Darolutamide in the Treatment of Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Романова И.С. , Кожанова И.Н. , Семёнов А.В. , Семёнов С.А.
Published: June 2024

Рак предстательной железы (РПЖ) – наиболее часто встречаемая опухоль мочеполовой системы у мужчин. РПЖ зависит от наличия андрогенов и реагирует на подавление активности андрогенных рецепторов. Подходами к ведению пациентов с неметастатическим РПЖ (нмРПЖ), рекомендованными в клинической практике, являются активное наблюдение, радикальная простатэктомия, лучевая терапия (дистанционная, брахитерапия), андроген-депривационная терапия и выжидательная тактика. Выбор метода осуществляется индивидуально, в соответствии с группой риска, наличием сопутствующих заболеваний, ожидаемой продолжительностью жизни, расчетным риском поражения регионарных лимфоузлов, объемом предстательной железы и наличием симптомов. До недавнего времени основным методом лечения неметастатического кастрационно-резистентного РПЖ (нмКРРПЖ) являлось продолжение начатой ранее гормональной терапии. Применение перорального ингибитора андрогеновых рецепторов (ИАР) 2-го поколения даролутамида значительно улучшило показатель выживаемости без метастазирования и общей выживаемости у мужчин с нмКРРПЖ. Проведено фармакоэкономическое исследование экономической целесообразности применения даролутамида в лечении пациентов с нмКРРПЖ в условиях системы здравоохранения Республики Беларусь.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common genitourinary tumour in men. RPJ is androgen- dependent and responds to suppression of androgen receptor activity. The approaches to the management of patients with non-metastatic RPF (nmRF) recommended in clinical practice are active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy (remote, brachytherapy), androgen-deprivation therapy and a wait-and-see approach. The choice of method is individualised according to risk group, presence of comorbidities, life expectancy, estimated risk of regional lymph node involvement, prostate volume and symptoms. Until recently, the mainstay of treatment for non-metastatic castration- resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) was continuation of previously initiated hormonal therapy. The use of the 2nd generation oral androgen receptor inhibitor (ARI) darolutamide significantly improved metastasis-free survival and overall survival in men with nmCRPC. A pharmacoeconomic study of the economic feasibility of darolutamide in the treatment of patients with nmCRPC in the health care system of the Republic of Belarus was conducted.
DEVELOPING WEB-BASED LEARNING MODEL BY COMBINING HOT POTATOES AND EDITPLUS TO OPTIMIZE THE INPUT IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors: Yulina Christina Atika
Published: June 2024

Technology, using its ability to reach audience at anytime and anywhere, has emerged as a powerful platform to assist learners in their language learning. This paper aims to discuss generally (1) how to develop web-based learning using Hot Potatoes and Editplus, and (2) how does web-based learning model using hot potatoes optimize English language learning. Krashen claims that real acquisition happens only as a result of exposure to comprehensible and meaningful input is only slightly beyond their current level of competence (i+1). Developing web-based learning model can be one of the strategy for providing comprehensible input for the learners since it can be accessed at anytime and anywhere by anyone. Besides, web-based learning model help the learners exposed by other platforms easily, leading them to unconscious daily input to English language. Little research discusses about the combination use of Hot Potatoes and Editplus in making a web-based learning. This paper discusses the detailed steps to build a web-based learning using HotPotatoes combined with Editplus, in order to make a web-based learning model to optimize the input in English language learning.Â
ЗМІНИ АНТРОПОМЕТРИЧНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ЗУБНОГО РЯДУ ВЕРХНЬОЇ ЩЕЛЕПИ У ДІТЕЙ З ОДНОБІЧНИМИ ВРОДЖЕНИМИ НЕЗРОЩЕННЯМИ ВЕРХНЬОЇ ГУБИ ТА ПІДНЕБІННЯ В ПРОЦЕСІ ОРТОДОНТИЧНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ
Authors: Філоненко В.В.
Published: June 2024

При плануванні та в процесі хірургічного та ортодонтичного лікування дітей з вродженими незрощеннями губи та піднебіння (ВНГП) з метою досягнення оптимальних анатомо-функціональних результатів важливим є визначення морфометричних та антропометричних показників. Мета дослідження. Визначити зміни сагітальних та трансверзальних антропометричних показників зубного ряду верхньої щелепи у дітей з однобічними ВНГП при проведенні ортодонтичного лікування. Матеріали і методи дослідження. Предметом аналізу стали зміни ширини та довжини зубного ряду. Вимірювання проводили з використанням програмного забезпечення тривимірної комп’ютерної графіки «Blender». Результати та їх обговорення. Відношення відносних змін розмірів (ВВЗР) С-С’ у порівнянні з P2-P2’ має універсальний характер та варіюється для досліджуваних груп пацієнтів залежно від використаних ортодонтичних конструкцій. Аналіз показників центральної тенденції для ВВЗР виявив спільну характеристику зміщення контрольних точок положення компонентів зубного ряду верхньої щелепи, що дозволяє зробити висновок про типову рухливість точок С-С’, яка в 2,7 рази більша за рухливість точок P2-P2’. Сагітальні розміри Sag Front збільшуються після ортодонтичного лікування. Найбільше зміщення відповідних компонентів зубного ряду в середньому на 3,1±0,5 мм (Min-Max: 2,3-4,1) для пацієнтів молодшої (МВГ) та на 3,0±0,4 мм (Min-Max: 2,3-3,8) для пацієнтів старшої (СВГ) вікової групи встановлено при використанні ортодонтичних апаратів (ОА) з двома гвинтами та секторальними розпилами базисів, для переміщення окремих фрагментів щелепи у сагітальному і трансверзальному напрямах (Саг+Тр). Висновки. Аналіз змін сагітальних та трансверзальних антропометричних розмірів та положення контрольних точок компонентів зубного ряду верхньої щелепи у дітей з однобічними ВНГП дозволяють використовувати диференційований підхід при виборі ортодонтичних конструкцій для лікування зубощелепних деформацій. Інтерпретація ВВЗР, як показника кутового розширення фрагментів щелепи характеризує типову рухливість контрольних точок.