bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Field Corn, Blackfaced Leafhopper and Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Disease Control, 1978
Authors: All J. N. , Alverson D. R.
Published: March 2022

Dekalb 1214 was planted on May 11 near Godfrey, Ga. and on May 30 near Calhoun, Ga. Soil type was sandy-clay-loam at both locations. Two 0.5 acre blocks were planted in each location with a 36 and 38-inch row width at Godfrey and Calhoun, respectively. Furadan 10G was applied in the seed furrow at 0.15 lb ai/1000 ft row in one block and the other block was the untreated check. Six rows x 100 ft were sampled for blackfaced leafhopper populations with a D-Vac vacuum collector on June 13, 19, and 23 at Godfrey and on June 21, July 7, and 20 at Calhoun. All plants in center 100 ft of5 rows were examined for symptoms of maize chlorotic dwarf on July 19 at Godfrey and Aug 25 at Calhoun. Grain (15% moisture) was harvested in 6 x 100 ft rows in the middle of plots on Sept 6 and 19 at Godfrey and Calhoun, respectively.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1978
Authors: Witkowski J. F.
Published: March 2022

Foliar treatments of registered and non-registered insecticides for first brood corn borer control were applied to overhead irrigated corn plots in Antelope County, Nebraska in June, 1978. Insecticides were applied on June 29 with a specially modified Hahn Hi-boy. Liquid insecticides were applied with 9.67 gal of water/acre at 3 mph at 21 psi. Each single row plot was 100 feet long. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. In late July, 10 corn plants from each treatment replicate were split in half from the tassel to the ground, examined, and the number of corn borer cavities recorded.
Efficacy of Chemicals for Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1978
Authors: Pieters Edward P. , Pitts Daniel L.
Published: March 2022

Stoneville 213 variety was planted on May 17‘78 at the Plant Science Farm of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS. Plots 8 rows wide by 90 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Insecticides were applied to the center 4 rows of each plot at the rate of 5 gallons of mixture per acre, 3 mph, 40 psi and 3 nozzles per row. Applications for Heliothis spp. control were made 13 times on a 4 to 5 day schedule from July 19 to September 21‘78. Azinphosmethyl was applied to all plots at 0.25 lb ai/acre 8 times as needed from July 27 to September 25‘78 to control boll weevils, Anthonomusgrandis Boheman. Aldi-carb was applied to all plots at 2 lb ai/acre on June 14 to reduce beneficial arthropods and aggravate a Heliothis spp. outbreak. Plots were examined weekly for Heliothis spp. damage by randomly selecting 25 squares from all parts of the plants along the center 2 rows. The tobacco budworm constituted 54% and 100% of the population on August 16 and September 6, respectively. Yields were estimated by machine picking the center 2 rows on October 10 and 20‘78.
Apple, Insecticide Tests, 1978
Authors: Hill Clarence H. , Cobb Leonard J. , Thomas John H.
Published: March 2022

The experimental and standard insecticides were applied in comparative tests to 20+-yr-old Winsap trees 4 times from early June to early August. The trees were sprayed to runoff with a Bean 35-gal/min pump operating at 540 psi. The last application was applied with a Hardie sprayer operating at 600 psi. The treatments were applied to single trees, replicated 5 times in a randomized, complete-block design. Other materials used and dates of application were as follows: Apr 26--captan, sulfur, Systox; May 3--captan, Karathane; May 15--Cyprex, Karathane; May 22--captan, Sevin; May 30 and Jun 14--captan, Karathane; Jun 27 and Jul 17--captan, Topsin M; and Aug 7--Phaltan, Topsin M. These materials were applied to all treatments at the rate of 100 GPA (3X concentrate) with a Hardie 525 air-blast sprayer. A preharvest and harvest examination were made for insect injury and finish rating on the harvest examination. Mite counts were made on Jul 20 and Aug 24.
Apple, Prebloom Mite and Aphid Treatments, 1978
Authors: Hill Clarence H. , Cobb Leonard J. , Thomas John H.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied to mature York apple trees using a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sp/ayer operating at 540 psi to single-tree plots, replicated 5 times in a randomized, complete-block design. The trees were sprayed to runoff. The oil and Lorsban treatments were applied Apr 13. The other treatments applied Apr 25 and Jun 15; except UC55248 at 32 fl oz was not repeated on Jun 15. Captan, Phaltan, sulfur, and benomyl were used as fungicides. Azinphosmethyl was used as a general insecticide; Sevin applied as a thinning agent; and parathion was used in late Jun and early Jul for scale control. Additional materials used were Solubor and Agristrep.
Fall Armyworm Control on Peanuts, 1977
Authors: Bass Max H.
Published: March 2022

Peanut test plots were 1/100 acre, replicated 4 times, and randomized. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 10 gallons of mixed spray per acre. One bait was used and it was distributed by hand in a 12 inch band over the row. The efficacy of materials was determined by counting live fall armyworm larvae 24, or 24 and 48, hours after the application of insecticides. This was accomplished by randomly selecting a 3-foot section of row, vigorously shaking plants to cause the larvae to fall to the ground, and counting the live larvae that were dislodged. This was repeated four times in each plot, thus larval counts were made on 12 feet of row in each plot.
Control of Foliage Feeding Insects on Peanuts, 1978
Authors: Berberet Richard C.
Published: March 2022

Peanuts were planted on May 20 with 0.9 m row spacing in light, sandy soil. Insecticides were applied on August 31 utilizing 2 fan type nozzles over each row and a total volume of 190 L/ha at 25 psi. Treatments were replicated 4 times on 6 row x 18.5 m plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. Terraclor 10G was applied at 3.5 lb ai/acre on September 10 for control of soil fungi. Insect populations were sampled in the center 2 rows of each plot on September 4, 8, and 16. On each date 4 samples/plot, each consisting of 1.2 m of row, were checked for H. zea and F. subterranea. Plants were beaten to remove earworms and soil beneath plants was sifted to locate granulate cutworms. Thirty terminals/plot were selected at random and examined for S. bosqueella. Counts for this species were converted to larvae/m of row based on terminal counts made over the experimental area.
Control of Grasshoppers on Rangeland, 1978
Authors: Onsager Jerome A. , Mazuranich Philip C.
Published: March 2022

A 75% water-soluable powder formulation of Orrhene 75S was applied at rates of 4 and 8 oz ai/acre to 4 square 40-acre plots and at a rate of 2 oz ai/acre to 3 such plots near Melville, Montana on July 12-14, 1978. All dosages were mixed with 2 qt of water per acre and applied at 36 psi pressure with a CessnaR Ag-wagon aircraft equipped with 26 D-6 nozzles and no. 45 course spinners. Flight speed was 125 mph, flight height was 100 ft, and swath width was 100 ft. These treat-ments were compared with a standard application of 8 fluid oz of ULV technical malathion/acre applied June 15 under similar conditions except that 8 no. 80015 flat fan nozzles were used. All nozzles were directed 45° down and back. Results were assessed by counting grasshoppers in 50 subsamples in each experimental plot and also in 4 contiguous untreated areas located outside the experimental area. The pretreatment counts utilized estimated 1-ft2 quadrats; the counts at 3 and 7 days posttreatment utilized estimated 1-yd2 quadrats. The species in the order listed above comprised 43, 33, 10, and 10% of the pretreatment infestation, respectively; the infestation was 53% adults. Precount densities averaged 20.3 grasshoppers/yd2. All posttreatment densities were expressed as percentage control based on the precounts in the same plot, were transformed to arcsin X, and were analysed as a randomized block design with 4 replications and one missing value. After analysis and determination of significant differences, means were retransformed back to percentages (see Table).
Field Evaluation of Insecticides for Rice Whorl Maggot Control, 1977
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Aquino G. B.
Published: March 2022

All insecticides were applied 5 days after transplanting (DT) as foliar sprays at the rate of 0.75 kg ai/ha, except for carbofuran which was applied at 0.25 kg. The foliar spray treatments were compared with the standard treatment of one application at 1 kg carbofuran or diazinon granules applied as a paddy-water-broadcast treatment. The study was conducted during the rainy season. Whorl maggot damage ratings were taken at 12, 20, and 30 DT and based on a standard evaluation system developed at IRRI: 0 = no damage; 9 = >50% of leaves damaged.
Soybean Looper Ld-50 Studies, 1976
Authors: Chiu Paul S.-B. , Bass Max H.
Published: March 2022

A soybean looper culture was established from larvae field-collected at Tallassee, Alabama. The culture was maintained in the laboratory at Auburn University on an artificial diet. From the first generation of laboratory larvae, one hundred 6th-instar (17-day-old) soybean looper larvae were selected at random, weighed collectively, and mean weight per individual calculated. This weight was used as a basis for calculation of insecticide dosages. Stock acetone solutions of the insecticides were prepared from technical materials and further diluted with acetone to give the desired working concentrations. One ul of the insecti-cide-acetone solution was applied to the dorsal thoracic surface of each laboratory-reared 6th-instar soybean looper larvae with a micro-applicator (Isco, Model M.). Countrols were treated with acetone alone. Preliminary dosage-mortality data were obtained, using a wide range of treatment dosages for each insecticide. A narrower range of dosages was used to determine the dosage-mortality data values presented here. Ten 6th-instar soybean looper larvae were selected randomly for each treatment level. Four dosage levels and an acetone check were used for each insecticide. Following treatment, larvae were placed in ice-cream cups (10 cm wide and 5 cm deep) containing the artificial diet. Mortality counts were made at 24 hr. Data obtained from these tests were analyzed statistically by probit analysis.
Control of Mexican Bean Beetle in Soybeans with Systemic Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Linduska James J. , Hochmuth Robert C. , Dively Galen P. , Boisseau Julie
Published: March 2022

Soybeans were planted June 12’78 with a conventional 4-row unit planter equipped with Gandy (R) granular insecticide applicators. Except for Furadan 10G which was applied in the seed furrow, all other treatments were applied in a 6-8 inch band over the seed furrow, behind the press wheel. Two drag chains were attached behind the press wheel of each planter. Plots consisted of 4 rows (2 rows soybeans and 2 rows snap beans), 50 feet long with 30 inches between rows, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The 2 outside rows of each plot were planted with ‘Lake Superior’ snap beans to encourage an infestation of Mexican bean beetles. No insecticide was applied to the snap beans. Soil was classified as a Bertie silt loam and the soil temp at the time of treatment was 72°F at the 4 inch depth. At early pod-fill 10 plants were selected at random in each plot. Each plant was rated visually to the nearest 10% defoliation. Yield data were taken from 1 row, 16 ft long, in the center of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 13% moisture and reported in bu/A. Rainfall was above normal during the growing season.
Sugarcane Borer Control, 1977
Authors: Hensley S. D. , Gaudin G. R. , Reagan T. E. , Sanford J. W.
Published: March 2022

Insecticide sprays were applied biweekly in a block of first stubble crop sugarcane (variety CP 61-37) located at Fredrick Brothers Farm near Theriot, Louisiana to determine season-long control of sugarcane borer (SCB) infestations. A randomized complete block experimental design was employed with treatments replicated 4 times. Individual plots were three 24.2 ft rows spaced 6 ft apart (0.01 acre). Each spray concentrate was applied to the sugarcane plant canopy in water at 30 psi with a compressed air knapsack sprayer that delivered 25 gallons of finished formulation per acre, per application. Insecticide applications were begun after internodes were first visible above ground and when 5% of the stalks contained small SCB larvae in leaf sheaths. Four applications of each insecticide were applied; application dates were July 5, 19, Aug 16, 30. The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined at harvest time by comparing the percent internodes bored in treated plots to that bored in untreated plots. Twenty stalks were selected at random from the center row of each plot on September 8 and examined for external signs of SCB entrance and exit holes.
Apple, Integrated Test, 1978
Authors: Hull Larry A.
Published: March 2022

Sprays were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 4 replicates of Golden Delicious. Treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster 393 sprayer at 25 GPA/altemare side spray driven at 2 mph. Spray dates for the insecticides were: May 30, Jun 9, 10, 29, Jul 10, 19, 26, Aug 2, 9, 16, 23, and Sep 2. Fungicides applied during the season were: Cyprex, Polyram, sulfur, captan, and zineb. Average temperatures were: May 58.6°F, Jun 68.5°F, Jul 70.4°F, Aug 74.1°F, and Sep 64.8°F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 5.67, Jun 3.24, Jul 7.98, Aug 2.46, and Sep 1.5. Effectiveness on the apple aphid was evaluated by counting the number of infested terminals/10 top terminals/tree, the number of aphid infested leaves/terminal, and the number of aphids/most infested leaf/infested terminal. The effect of the sprays on the white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs/25 leaves/tree. The effectiveness of the test materials on the Japanese beetle was assessed by counting the number of damaged terminals/20 top terminals/tree and the number of damaged leaves/terminal. Effectivenss of the test chemicals on the European red mite, the two-spotted spider mite and A.fallacis was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 15 leaves/tree, 60 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predator H.vitripennis was evaluated by 3-min. counts of adults around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after Jun 27 and 2 picked samples on Aug 21 and Sep 18. Apple samples averaged 228 fruits/replicate and 912/treatment. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Greenhouse Evaluation of Chemical Seed Treatment on Cereal Grain for Wireworm Control
Authors: Perkins E. A. , Harwood R. F.
Published: March 2022

Wheat was planted in 53 oz paper pots using Ritzville sandy loam soil. Water was administered daily thru drinking straws to the bottom of the pots. Four wheat seeds were germinated in each pot and when the first plants reached above ground 2 large wireworms were introduced into each pot. Plant counts and determination of causes of injury were evaluated 4 weeks after wireworms were placed with the wheat. Seed used in this test was pretreated with the fungicide HCB and a seed dressing was applied by slurry method in September 77. Twenty compounds were tested at single dosages in three separate replications. The best nine wireworm protectants from these tests were retested in a larger 4th trial reported here. This trial used twenty pots for each chemical, positioned randomly within a greenhouse.
Evaluation of Seed Treatments for Control of Wireworms on Dry Land Cereal Grains
Authors: Perkins E. A. , Harwood R. F.
Published: March 2022

At Lind, Washington, 20 insecticides were field tested as seed treatments to control wireworms in dry land wheat. Wheat was treated with a slurry method in Sept 1977. All seed treated with insecticide was pretreated with the fungicide HCB. Ragdoll germination tests were initiated 13 days following application of seed dressings and again after 6 months of storage. The field was previously in grass plots for a year followed by two years of fallow. Seed was planted in Ritzville silt loam on Nov’77 at a 30 lb/acre rate and 3/4 inch depth. Each treatment consisted of 4 replications 4 drill rows wide and 40 feet long. Two replications of each treatment were located in different blocks and were positioned by a randomized formula.
Spruce Budworm, Mist Blower Trials, 1978
Authors: Dimond John B.
Published: March 2022

The experimental compound UC 51762 was tested at 3 rates with a formulation of carbaryl, UCSF-I, as a standard. Young fir trees, 5-15 ft high were treated. These were natural reproduction bordering a graveled road. Sections of road with 25 edge fir trees were marked and used as plots. Five plots were established in each of three sections of the road, and each treatment was applied once in each section. Treatments were applied on June 12. Target insects were in instars V-VI. Formulations were diluted with water and applied with a Solo, back-mounted mist blower. Spray emission rates were 25 gal/acre. Controls were sprayed with water. Larvae were counted on 10 branches from each section the day before application. Postspray counts were made on one branch from each treated tree 4 days after treatment.
Effectiveness of A Soil-Injected Systemic Insecticide for Controlling Sucking Insects on Red Pine, 1978
Authors: McClure Mark S.
Published: March 2022

Experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the systemic insecticide, Cygon 400, applied by soil injection for controlling two bark-dwelling, sucking insects of red pine were conducted at the New Haven Country Club in Hamden, Connecticut. In July, 24 ornamental red pines of a similar height (7-8 m) and DBH (23-28 cm) were examined and found to be heavily infested with Matsucoccusresinosae and Pineusstrobi. On Aug2, two branches were sampled from the lower crown of each tree and the number of scales and aphids occurring beneath 100 bark flakes on the preferred 3-year-old growth and the number dead per 100 individuals were determined for each branch by microscopic examination. On Aug4, during peak abundance of summer generation cysts (second instar nymphs) of M. resinosae and immature hiemcprogrediens of P. strobi, 16 of the trees were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups and administered different doses of Cygon 400 mixed to a concentration of 0.5 lb ai ( I pt concentrate) per 100 gal water. Doses, chosen to approximate 0,1 2, and 3 gals per I inch DBH were 0, .05,. 10 and . 15 lb ai per tree. For the 4 trees in each treatment an equal volume of insecticide was delivered through an injection needle to a depth of .5 m at 10 positions encircling the tree at the drip line using a John Bean pump operating at a pressure of 200 psi. Trees were sampled 7,14, and 21 days following treatment and density and mortality of M. resinosae and P. strobi were determined as before. On Sepl3, following peak egg hatch of the fall generation of M. resinosae, 16 trees including 8 which had been given a 30 gal dose of Cygon 400 on Aug4 and 8 which had not been treated were sampled as before to determine density and mortality of recently settled first instar nymphs. On Sepl5, 4 of the previously treated trees and 4 of the untreated ones were anministered a 30 gal dose of Cygon 400 as before. Trees were sampled 21 days following treatment. Data were subjected to analyses of variance.
Shortleaf Pines, Nantucket Pine Tip Moth Control, 1974-1975
Authors: Overgggrd Neil A.
Published: March 2022

1974 Test. Four to seven year-old shortleaf pines 4-15 ft (avg 6 ft) tall and 2-10 in d.b.h. (avg 4 in) planted in clay soil on rolling hills in o seed orchard near Pollock, Louisiana were treated with carbofuran (10%) granules. Egch tregtment wgs applied to a randomly selected row of five trees in each of eight blocks in a randomized block design. For February treatments, insecticide granules were applied to an 18 in strip and raked into the soil around the drip line of the tree where the duff had been removed. June treatments were applied as above and lightly disked. Each dosage rate used was applied in Feb’74 for a single application and Feb’74 and Jun’74 for a double application. Damage was assessed by examining the top 20 tips of each tree in Oct’74 and Jun’75. 1975 Test. Eight to 10-year-old shortleaf pines averaging 28 ft tall and 8 in d.b.h. were treated. Topography, soils, and spacing were the same as for the 1974 test. In this test, one ramet of each of six clones from the 50 clones in the orchard were treated in Feb’75. A randomized block design was used with clones = blocks. Carbofuran granules were spread evenly over the soil surface from the crown drip line to the trunk on all sides of the tree and lightly disked. Two sets of checks were used. One set was disked and the other left undisked. Damage was assessed as above in Sep’75. To test for phytotoxic effects, treatments of 32 oz and 48 oz carbofuran/in d.b.h. were each applied to an 18 in strip around the drip line of individual shortleaf pines and raked into the soil.
Siberian, Elm Leaf Beetle Control, 1978
Authors: Price Richard , Pinkston Ken , Ree Bill , Hart Dottie
Published: March 2022

Native Siberian elms, approximately 15 feet in height located 8 miles east of Still-water, Oklahoma were selected for the test. Trees were treated on Jun7 when larval populations increased to economic levels. Larvae were 1/8 to 3/8 inch in length. Application equipment consisted of a John Bean 55 sprayer series L-1565-2 and a 785 John Bean Spraymaster deluxe gun which delivered 1.76 gal/min of finished spray at 300 psi . Trees were treated until runoff. Treatments were randomized and replicated five times along with a check. Larval counts were made by examining 18" of terminal branch at six locations per replicate.
Carnation, Twospotted Spider Mite Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

Eighteen insecticides were tested on carnations at the Indiana State Veterans Home Greenhouse complex, W. Lafayette, Indiana. All treatments, except Temik, were foliar sprays applied with a one gallon B&G stainless steel compressed air sprayer operating at 30 psi. The measured amount of Temik granules was applied by sprinkling them over the soil surface and watering them in. A randomized block design replicated three times was utilized. A block consisted of a 3 x 6 ft section of the carnation bench. Just prior to treatment (T), 1 day (T+l), 2 days (T+2) and 5 days (T+5) 5-6 inch foliage samples were removed, bagged, taken to the laboratory, brushed with a Henderson-McBurnie mite brushing machine and the mites counted under a binocular microscope. One week after treatment a single carnation blossom was removed from each plot, bagged, taken to the laboratory, placed in a Berlese funnel and the collected mites counted.
Evaluation of Fumigants for Quarantine Control of the Egg Stage of Diaprspes Abbreviatus, 1976-8
Authors: Fons James F. , Roth Herbert , George E.
Published: March 2022

Egg masses laid between 2 pieces of waxed paper or 2 leaves were forwarded from Puerto Rico or Flockta. They were fumigated at atmospheric pressure in a 250-litre chamber or a 3.75-litre glass jar. Fan circulation, 2-3 changes/min., was continuous for ethylene dibromide and acetaldehyde, 15 minutes for methyl bromide, but no circulation was used wfth phosphine. Following an aeration period of 1 h, the egg masses were sealed in 30-ml clear plastic cups with a slice of raw carrot. Egg masses were examined for survival 7-10 days after treatment. Untreated eggs generally had a mortality of less than 5%. No corrections have been made in percent mortality of treated eggs.
Apple, San Jose Scale Control, 1978
Authors: Hull Larry A.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides with and without superior oil were evaluated for control of San Jose scale. The sprays were applied to runoff to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 4 replicates of Stayman Winesap apple trees. The trees were heavily infested with San Jose scale. The materialswere applied with aspraygunfrom a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer equipped with a 25 gpm pump. A general purpose spray of 0.5 lb Guthion 50W/acre was applied with an airblast sprayer at 50gal water/acre to the whole block atca. 3-wk intervals. Effectiveness of the materials was evaluated by counting the number of live scales on 4 four-inch sections of new growth/replicate from the top part of the trees. Numbersof livescaleupto 100 scale/twig were counted. Fruit evaluations consisted of examining 50 apples/replicate on Aug 17 and 100 apples/replicate on Oct 11. Number of scale marks up to 100 scale/apple were counted.
Scotch Pine, Pales Weevil and Northern Pine Weevil Control, Atwood, PA, 1978
Authors: Heller Paul R. , Shetlar David J. , Nielson D. G.
Published: March 2022

A stand of 1.5-2m Scotch pine Christmas trees was used for insecticide evaluation. The plantation was partially harvested in 1976 and 1977. Pretreatment weevil populations were noted (on April 17) by inspecting for adults in the duff, on stumps, under trunk end pieces left from harvest and old pupation chambers. A few weevils were active and ovipositing. A tree row with at least 7 new stumps (under 1 year old) was treated as one replicate/treatment. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each stump received 4-6 02 spray consisting of insecticide in kerosene (except Penncap-M in water) applied with a compression sprayer April 17. Temperature was 8°-10°C with wind 2 mph. The stumps were inspected (5 each of 4 rep) on Oct. 30 for chip cocoons following removal of bark to the first lateral root. Weevil cocoons were not differentiated as to species.
Scotch Pine, A Pine Needle Scale Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

Six insecticides were evaluated against the egg stage of a pine needle scale between April 26 and June 6, 1978. The pine planting was located at the Purdue University Agronomy Farm north of West Lafayette, Indiana. A plot was an individual pine tree 8-10 ft tall. Every other tree was treated to avoid spray drift. All of the treatments were foliar applications made with a Spartan sprayer operating at 125 psi. A randomized block design with five replicates was used. On June 6, 1978 a ten needle sample from each treated tree was examined under a binocular microscope and the total number of newly settled crawlers recorded.
Scotch Pine, Pales Weevil and Pissodes Weevil Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

Scotch pine Christmas tree stumps, from trees cut for the previous holiday season, were treated in a local plantation with three insecticides and four isolates of the fungus Peniphoragigantea1 A randomized block design was replicated six times. Overwintering adults were crawling over the stumps at the time of application. Stump surface was sprayed with a compressed air sprayer operating at 30 psi. On September 7, 1978 the bark was removed from the treated stumps and the number of chip cocoons tabulated. The Pissodes weevils have been variously identified by taxonomists as P. pissodes, P. approximate and P. nemorensis over a several year period. Probably a complex of species in involved.
Sod Webworm Control in Kentucky Bluegrass, 1977
Authors: Hellman John L. , Newton Perry
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were evaluated for the control of webworms on moderately infested two year old bluegrass sod field. Precounts in checks averaged 2.5 larvae/sq ft. At time of treatment, Aug 2’77, 80% of the larvae were in the last instar. Plots were 10 x 10 ft laid out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. The granular treatments of Bendiocarb 5G was applied by hand shaker can and the remaining granules were applied by a drop type lawn spreader. Sprays were applied at a rate of 30 gpa with a boom mounted on a wheeled ‘sulky’ type of frame. Pressure of 40 psi was maintained with a CO2 tank. Post treatment counts (3 sq ft samples/plot) were made on Aug 4’77 by cutting the grass sample area down to the thatch layer and soaking each area with a weak solution of pyrethrins in water. The number of larvae forced to the surface after eight minutes was recorded.
Kentucky Bluegrass, Cutworm Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

A series of 14 treatments was applied to a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the Federated Church in West Lafayette, Indiana on June 14, 1978. At the time of treatment adult moths were flying and egg deposition for the first generation had begun. Plots were 7 by 14 feet and the experiment was replicated five times. Sprays were applied with a boom mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. A pressure of 30 psi was maintained with a CO2 tank. Granular applications were made with a 7 foot wide John Deere granular applicator mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. Half of each plot was sampled on July 12 and 25 by applying a mixture of “Diagnostic Aid” and water to half of the plot with a sprinkling can and counting the number of larvae that emerged.
Chickens, SevinR Sprayed at Different Concentrations and Rates for Control of Northern Fowl Mite, 1978
Authors: Hall R. D. , Vandepopuliere J. M. , Jaynes W. , Lyons J. J. , Foehse M.
Published: March 2022

An experiment was conducted near Springfield, Mo., using hens housed 7 per cage in single-tier wire units. Three rows in the 12,000 hen open-sided facility were subdivided into plots containing 200 birds each and SevinR or control treatment assigned randomly. Treatments were replicated 3 times; therefore, a total of 600 hens housed on both sides of a row received identical applications. Randomization of treatment replicates throughout the house minimized any cumulative effect of prevailing wind. Analysis of mite populations was made by inspecting a total of 30 hens selected at random from each treatment and rating them according to the following index: 0 - no mites, 1=1-5 mites, 2 = 6-15 mites, 3 = 16-50 mites, 4 = 51-100 mites, 5 = 101-500 mites, and 6 = more than 500 mites. Pretreafment counts indicated that all hens supported uniform mite infestations. SevinR was applied via a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with a 2-nozzle boom designed to treat both sides of a row of cages from underneath. Treatment rates of carbaryl were as follows: 1.0% ai - 2 litres/100 hens, 0.5% ai - 4 litres/100 hens 0.25% ai - 8 litres/100 hens, 0.125% ai - 16 litres/100 hens.
Pear, Pear Psylla Control, 1978
Authors: Bode W. M.
Published: March 2022

Experiments were conducted in a 1.5-acre planting of 6-yr-old ‘d-Anjou’ pear trees. Dilute sprays were applied to single-tree plots with a hand gun and hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Unsprayed trees were alternated with treated trees within rows. Experiment 1 (Table 1) consisted of 6 prebloom treatments, 5 of which were miscible oil-insecticide combinations, applied Apr 18 (budburst) and Apr 25 (clusterbud). Single-tree plots were replicated 6 times in a complete randomized-block design. Effects of the treatments on pear psylla were evaluated by taking 5 spur leaf clusters at random from each plot and examining them with a stereo microscope. The numbers of eggs and nymphs per sample were recorded. Experiment 2 (Table 2) consisted of 4 treatments applied at petal fall (May 19). Single-tree plots were replicated 6 times in a complete randomized-block design. The plots which received prebloom treatments of Perthane + oil and mancozeb on Apr 18 and 25 were also included in this evaluation. May 18 and 24 counts of psylla eggs and nymps again were made by removing 5 spur leaf clusters from each plot and examining them with a stereo microscope. Counts of eggs and nymphs on Jun 6 were made from 10 leaves taken at random from growing terminal shoots of each plot. Adult pear psylla were sampled Jun 7 by counting the number that were jarred from 3 branches/tree onto an 18-inch square cloth-covered tray. Experiment 3: (Cover spray treatments) Fourteen treatments were applied to single-tree plots replicated 5 times each in a complete randomized-block design. Treatmgits were applied Jun 20 (Table 3), Jul 6 (Table 4), and Aug 17 (Table 5), with the exception of the two Pydrin treatments which were not reapplied on Aug 17. Counts of psylla eggs and nymphs were made from 10 leaves collected randomly from 10 shoot terminals/per plot. Adults were again sampled with an 18-inch square beating tray. All data were subjected to analysis of variance and were grouped using the Waller-Duncan K-ratio t test or DMRT.
Topical Toxicity of Insecticides to Strawberry Sap Beetle Adults, Ohio, 1978
Authors: Weiss Michael J. , Williams Roger N.
Published: March 2022

Strawberry sap beetle adults were laboratory-reared and maintained on autoclaves prunes at 23 ± 2°C and 70% RH under a 16-hr photoperiod. Stock solutions (0.01%) of each insecticide tested were prepared from technical grade materials and diluted with technical grade acetone. Two replicates of 20beetles each (mixed sex and age) were anesthetized by placing them in a 9.0-cm plastic petri dish and placing the dish on a cold surface (ca. 1.0° C). Topical applications (1 μl/beetle) were applied to the venter of the abdomen with a 0.25-cc glass syringe using a microapplicator. After treatment, beetles were placed in inverted 9.0-cm plastic petri dishes lined with filter paper discs. A 10% honey solution was added to the filter paper via a plastic squeeze bottle. The honey solution provided a carbohydrate source as well as water. Controls consisted of 2 replicates which were treated with the solvent and 2 replicates which were not treated. All beetles were placed in an insect-rearing room maintained under the above conditions. Mortality was assessed 24 hr after treatment.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1978
Authors: Bullock Robert C.
Published: March 2022

Small quantities of two candidate organotin miticides were tested for control of citrus rust mite on infested fruit. Mature oranges on ten]8-yr-old trees were examined for presence of rust mites. Ten fruit on each tree with population densities of at least 10 mites in each of two 1.2 cm2 lensfields searched per fruit were selected for use. Fruit was assigned randomly to a treatment and tagged for identification. Foliage and twigs touching the selected fruit were pruned to prevent immediate reinfestation. Quart aliquots equivalent to the rate/100 gal for each material were prepared and fruit immersed for 10 sec in the solution on Nov 28“77. Population densities per two 1.2-cm2 lensf ield per fruit were determined periodically after treatment.
Pecan Stem Phylloxera Control in Mississippi, 1977
Authors: Polles S. G.
Published: March 2022

The experiment was conducted on mature ‘Success’ pecan trees ta Shelby, Mississippi. Seven experimentol treatments and an untreated check were tested in 10-tree plots replicated twice in a completely random design. Applications were timed to accord with phylloxera emergence and bud development. On Mar 31 and Apr 12 each tree received ca. 12 gal of spray applied with a John Bean 757 sprayer. On May 12 the number of galls on a total of 30 terminals randomly collected from each plot was counted.
Cabbage Foliar Protective Insecticide Spray Study, 1978
Authors: Gauthier Norman L.
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, NY on ‘Wisconsin Golden Acres 84’ white cabbage in a field replanted in cabbage for the third year. The crop was transplanted Jun 8’78 in a randomized block design (28 rows of cabbage) with three replications and 24-inch row spacing. Dacthal 75W was used preemergence at 12 lbs/acre and 200 lbs 20-20-20 fall applied and disced in. Bravo 6F at 1 qt/A was applied with Cub tractor boom sprayer weekly as maintenance. Broadcast foliar sprays using CO2 bottle sprayer and a 5’ swath passes per plot at 30 GPA and 30 psi. Weekly sprays started Jun 27’78 and continued Jul 5, 12, 18, 25, Aug 1, 8, and 15. At harvest, Aug 25’78, 10 mature cabbage heads per plot were cut, weighed and rated for insect damage. The following foliar feeding injury index rating on heads was used: 1) only slight or a trace of chewing; 2) less than 10% chewing on leaves; 3) severe feeding on 25% of leaves; 4) severe feeding on 50% of leaves; and 5) 100% severely injured.
Cabbage Maggot Control Using Dasanit 6E, 1978
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J.
Published: March 2022

Treatments consisted of two 50-ft rows planted in blocks and replicated 4 times. Insecticide applications were based on a 24-inch row width because this is the row width most commonly used by cole crop growers in New York State. Seeds were planted with a tractor-mounted Stan-Hay 2-row precision seeder on Jun 7. The over-furrow sprays at planting time were applied in 63 gal. H2O/A through a PTO driven delivery system mounted on the tractor. A single flat fan nozzle (1510), rotated sideways to produce a 3-4 inch wide spray band over the closed furrow, was mounted on a bracket just above and behind each packer wheel. Seeds were planted at 15/ft and thinned on Jun 27 to 1 every 1.5 feet. Timed sprays for reduction of succeeding generations of cabbage maggot flies were applied to both crops on Jul 17 and to cabbage only on Aug 18. Delivery of these sprays was made through a PTO driven tractor-mounted 2-row sprayer with 3 flat fan (110015) nozzles/row at 55 gals. H2O/A. Damage assessments were made on Oct 4 by pulling 10 roots/treatment/replication, washing them, and counting the number of cabbage maggot tunnels in each root.
Sweetcorn, Corn Earworm Control, 1978
Authors: All J. N.
Published: March 2022

Funks G80 planted Apr 28, 1978, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. Soil type was Applying sandy loam. Randomized complete block experimental design with 2 row plots x 20 ft long x 38-inch row width x 2-ft alleys; 5 replicates. Plants treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 50 gal/A directed on the plant ears. The sprays were applied on Jun 27, 29, and on Jul 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13. All ears in the center 18 ft of row were examined on Jul 17 for the presence of corn earworm larvae or damage.
Control of the Corn Earworm on Sweet Corn, 1977
Authors: Chalfant R. B.
Published: March 2022

The sweet corn was planted Apr 4’77. Plots were I-row, 40-ft in. length and were separated by 1 row of unsprayed corn. Row spacing was 3 ft. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Soil was a loamy sand and received 4.5 in. rain + 8 in. irrigation. Sprays were applied with a hand held compression sprayer equipped with a single nozzle directed to the silks at 25 gal/acre and 30-40 psi. Spray intervals were 1 and 2 days from May 28 -Jun 7. Plots were harvested Jun 14 and ears were scored for feeding damage (good = no damage, trace = < 1 cm feeding, unmarketable = > 1 cm feeding).
Corn Earworm and European Corn Borer Control in Sweet Corn, 1977
Authors: Flood Brian R.
Published: March 2022

Sweet corn was planted Jun 2477 (app. 1000 HU 50) so that expected European corn borer and corn earworm moth flights would coincide with ear formation. Four randomized complete blocks each 80 ft long x 168 rows were used. Each block contained 20 chemical treatments and 5 stratified untreated checks. Each replicate consisted of four rows of corn with two border rows between treatments. Ten border rows were left on the edge of each block. Insecticides were applied with a modified commercial Hagie Hiboy equipped to spray each 4-row plots with six D2/23 Tee Jet tips per row at 30 gpa. Applications were initiated at 80% silk on Aug 17 and retreatments were made on Aug 21, 24, 27, and 31. At harvest, 14 days after the last application, 25 ears from the middle two rows of each replicate were examined for “early” or “late” instar larvae of the European corn borer and corn earworm. The number of “early” European corn borer or corn earworms is an indicator of residual control after the last application. Damage to each ear was assessed as “none (clean)”, “tip only”, and “tip and side”. Third generation European corn borers heavily infested the area after the last treatment but did little ear damage and were not considered in the damage assessment. Earworm pressure was intense and was the main cause of economic damage in this test.
Corn Earworm Control, Prosser, WA, 1978
Authors: Pike K. S. , Drake S. R.
Published: March 2022

Thirteen chemicals at various rates were applied to sweet corn using a “Highboy” high-clearance experimental plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 42 gpa at 50 psi. Plots were 4 rows wide on 34-inch centers, 30-feet in length, replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. The two center rows of each plot were sprayed on both sides using TX-3 cone nozzles directed at the ears from above and below. The outside rows of each plot served more as “buffer rows”, i.e., nozzles were directed somewhat downward restricting possible spray drift into adjacent plots. Sprays were applied on Sep 2, 6, 10, 14, 19 and 22. Twenty ears were sampled at random from the center rows of each replicate on Sep 26. Each ear was evaluated for earworm damage, length of feeding damage from eartip, and circumference feeding damage using an index of 0 to 1 where 0 = no feeding, 0.1 = 1 to 2 kernals, 0.2 = eartip up to 1/5 circumference, 0.25 = 1/4, 0.5 = 1/2, 0.75 = 3/4, 1.0 = entire circumference. Additionally, 20 ears/treatment selected at random from two replicates were sampled for fresh corn processing to determine if any chemical treatments affected corn quality, i.e., moisture, color, and soluble solids.
Cucumber and Squash Control of the Vegetable Leafminer and Two-Spotted Mite, 1977
Authors: Chalfant R. B.
Published: March 2022

Cucumbers and squash were planted Jun 26’77 to a field of loamy sand that received 7 in. of rain and 6 in. of irrigation. Plots were single rows (6 ft row width) and were replicated 4x in randomized complete blocks. Sprays were applied Jul 1, 8, 15, 22, 27 using a 1-nozzle, hand held compression type sprayer at 30 psi and 50 gal/acre. Plots were evaluated Aug 2 by recording vegetable leafminer injury in 10 medium age leaves/plot. Five similar leaves were removed to the laboratory for microscopic examination of 2-spotted mites.
Turnip and Mustard Greens, Diamondback Moth Control, 1977
Authors: Chalfant R. B.
Published: March 2022

Turnip and mustard greens were planted on Mar 7‘77. Plots were 2 rows, 1 row turnips and 1 row mustard, 45-ft in length. Distance between rows was 3-ft. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Soil type was a loamy sand and received 7 in. rain + irrigation. The plots were sprayed Apr 14 and 22 using a tractor mounted boom, 3 nozzles/row, 50 psi and 50 gal/A. The treatments were evaluated Apr 18 by vigorously dislodging insects from 9 ft row/plot into an 18 in. square pan. On Apr 27 plots were scored for damage by recording defoliation on 10 leaves/plot using a 0-3 scale (0 = no damage, 1 = 1-2 holes, 2 = 3-5 holes, 3 = > 5 holes).
Control of Aster Leafhopper on Lettuce, 1978
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J.
Published: March 2022

Each treatment consisted of two 45-ft rows bordered on each side by 2 untreated rows and planted in a randomized complete block design with 15-ft- roadways between blocks. The test was planted on Jun 16 using a Stan-Hay 2-row precision seeder. The seeding rate was 15 seeds/ft, but was thinned to ca 1/ft on Jul 20. Spray applications were made using a PTO-driven tractor mounted 2-row sprayer delivering 33.7 gallons H2O/A on a 36-inch row basis through 3 flat fan nozzles (110015)/row. The plot was sprayed 4 times between Aug 2 and Aug 30. Adult leafnoppers were counted at 2 and 6 days after spraying, using a hand sweep net (50 sweeps/treatment).
Cabbage Looper and Fall Armyworm Control on Head Lettuce, 1978
Authors: Straub Richard W.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted on ‘iceburg’ lettuce planted Jul 20 in organic muck. Plots were single 40 ft rows with 4 replications in randomized complete blocks. Foliar treatments were applied through a CO2 pressurized knapsack sprayer operated at 37 psi delivering 85 gallons/A through 1 overhead nozzle/row. Granules and bait were applied through a cone seeder attachment on a planet-Jr., with an 8 in. band of material being dropped over the tops of plants. Foliar applications were on Sep 4, 12 and 19, granular and bait applications were on Sep 4. Evaluation was at harvest maturity on Sep 25. Samples consisted of 25 randomly selected heads/treatment replicate and heads were considered infested if larvae or fresh larval feeding was observed.
Onion Maggot Control, 1978
Authors: Seymour P. K. , Wilsey W. T. , Davis A. C.
Published: March 2022

Two test plots for onion maggot control were planted on Elba (Apr 19) and Oswego (May 9 and 12) mucklands, two major onion growing areas of New York. Plots consisted of single row 30-ft treatments, 15-inches apart, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. From each 30-ft row only the middle 20-ft was used to record data. All treatments were applied in the furrow with a hand operated cone seeder, planting 9 seeds/ft and delivering 75 gals H2O/A through a gravity fed system. Dithane M-45 (80 WP) at the rate of 3 lbs formulation/A accompanied each treatment for control of onion smut. After emergence, stand counts were taken. Counts to check for thepresence of damaged (flagged) plants started in Jun and continued until plant mortality ceased in July. Each injured plant was inspected for maggot damage and removed from the plot area. On Aug 23 at Elba and on Sep 13 at Oswego the onions in the center 20 ft of each row were harvested. Each treatment was topped, counted and weighed.
Control of the Cowpea Curculio and European Cornborer on Southern Peas Test 2, 1977
Authors: Chalfant R. B.
Published: March 2022

Peas were planted Aug 10‘77. Plots were 2 rows (3 ft between rows), 68 ft long, and were replicated 4 times in randomized complete blocks. Soil was loamy sand and received 10 in. rain and 3 in. irrigation. Plots were sprayed Sep 8, 22, 26, 29, Oct 3 and 6 using a tractor mounted boom, 3 nozzles/row, 50 gal/acre, 50 psi. On Oct 7 and 12, 25 plots/plot were examined for European cornborer holes in the pod and cowpea curculio stings on the hull and shelled peas.
Eppermint, Fumibotys Fumalis Control, Washington, 1978
Authors: Pike K. S.
Published: March 2022

An infested 3-year-old peppermint field near Harrah, WA, was selected to study two insecticides for control of Fumibotys fumalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae. F. fumalis is a serious new rhizome-boring soil pest of peppermint in central Washington. Insecticides were applied as broadcast sprays on Sep 28, using a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on a bicycle-wheeled carriage, calibrated to deliver 25 gpa at 40 psi. Soil temperature was 72°F at a depth of 2 inches on the date of spraying. Plots were 8 x 30 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Following insecticide application, plots were sprinkler irrigated for 12 hours. Mint height was 1 to 2 inches. Soil was classified as an Ashue loam, with a pH of 6.5, percent organic matter 1.4. Efficacy data were based on three 0.5 ft2 soil samples/replicate (soil depth sampled, 3 inches). Samples were placed in Berlese funnels for 48 hours for larval recovery.
Potato Pest Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1978
Authors: Cancelado Rafael E. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 24, at Rosemount, Mn. Treatments were applied to 4-row plots, 45-ft long, with 40-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. Chlorothalonil fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from Jun 27. Insecticides were applied Jul 18, Aug 1, 16, and 29, and Sep 15, in 100 gal water/acre at ca. 300 psi. A tractor-drawn boom sprayer with 3 drop nozzles/row was used. Potato leafhopper nymphs, green peach aphid and potato aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot. Counts were made the day before and the day after spraying, except applications intended for Aug 15 were delayed until Aug 16, and for Sep 12 until Sep 15.