bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Familial Hirschsprung's Disease and Type D Brachydactyly: A Report of Four Affected Males in Two Generations
Authors: Reynolds James F. , Barber Joseph C. , Alford Bennett A. , Chandler James G. , Kelly Thaddeus E.
Published: December 2021

Hirschsprung's disease usually occurs as an isolated malformation as a result of multifactorial causation. A family in which four males (two brothers and two maternal uncles) had Hirschsprung's disease and absence or hypoplasia of the nails and distal phalanges of the great toe and thumb (type D brachydactyly) is described. Hand abnormalities were not present in any other family members, and the obligate heterozygous females were without gastrointestinal problems. The pattern of inheritance was consistent with X-linked recessive inheritance; however, autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance in females or multifactorial causation could not be completely excluded.
Cancer Risks Following Diagnostic Radiation Exposure
Authors: BRENT ROBERT L.
Published: December 2021

Parents of children in the intensive care nursery or pediatric intensive care area are frequently made anxious by the repeated diagnostic radiologic studies that have to be performed. Because of the known risks of cancer following high doses of radiation,1 it can easily be understood why both physicians and lay individuals may become uneasy if patient care necessitates repeated roentgenographic studies.

Much of this anxiety could be allayed if more physicians were aware of the quantitative risks of radiation exposure and would, therefore, be in a position to explain these risks to the inquiring famlies.

Spengler and colleagues (in this issue)2 have undertaken an important and difficult epidemiologic study and are to be congratulated on this effort.
Aspirin Consumption and Severity of Reye's Syndrome
Authors: DON BROWN R. , WILSON JOHN T.
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—

The article by Starko et al1 has been widely quoted, particularly with regard to a possible relationship between salicylate consumption and the severity of Reye's syndrome (RS). Our analysis of their data raises questions about support for their conclusions.

It must be emphasized that only seven cases and 16 control subjects were included in their study. Application of the usual X2 tests of equal risk do not show that any variable of the antecedent illness is different between cases and control subjects.
Soy Formula Doesn't Help Colic
Authors: LEBLANC MICHAEL H.
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—

I would like to compliment Lothe, Lindbery, and Jakobsson1 on approaching colic in a double-blind fashion. However, they failed to subject the data to appropriate tests for statistical significance. Their truth table would be (adapted from table 1 of their article): soy formula, adverse reaction, 32, no adverse reaction, 17; milk formula, adverse reaction, 43, no adverse reaction, 17; X2 = 1.61; P = .2.

Thus the conclusions should be that no significant benefit could be found in switching infants with colic to a soy protein-based formula.
Adverse Pulmonary Responses to Aspirin and Acetaminophen in Chronic Childhood Asthma
Authors: Fischer Thomas J. , Guilfoile Timothy D. , Kesarwala Hemant H. , Winant John G. , Kearns Gregory L. , Gartside Peter S. , Moomaw Charles J.
Published: December 2021

Because aspirin (ASA) is often reported to have an adverse effect on pulmonary function in children with chronic asthma, acetaminophen is commonly used as an ASA substitute in these children. To study acetaminophen effects on pulmonary functions, double-blind, oral challenges of ASA (600 mg), acetaminophen (600 mg), or lactose were administered on separate days to 25 chronic asthmatics, ten boys and 15 girls, ranging in age from 8 to 18 years (mean age ± 1 SD: 12.5 ± 2.8 years). No patient had a past history of adverse reactions to either drug. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF25-75), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), and flow volume curves were measured at base line and ½, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after ingestion of drug or placebo. Persistent decreases from base line FEV1 (> 20%) or FEF25-75 (> 30%) occurred in four ASA- and two acetaminophen-challenged patients. One ASA-sensitive patient was placebo intolerant; another reacted to acetaminophen. The acetaminophen responses were of less intensity than the ASA responses. Analysis of group mean pulmonary function responses to ASA, acetaminophen, and lactose showed no significant difference among the three agents at any time. Aspirin should be used cautiously in asthmatic children. Acetaminophen appears to be an adequate, although not completely, innocuous ASA substitute.
Prevalence of Cervical Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Female Adolescents
Authors: Fraser John J. , Rettig Philip J. , Kaplan David W.
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of cervical infection with Chiamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was examined in 125 girls receiving primary gynecologic care in a general adolescent clinic. C trachomatis was isolated in 8% of the patients using a microtiter tissue-culture method, and N gonorrhoeae was found in 12%. A significant association was found between the use of oral contraceptives and positive chlamydial cultures. Patients with Chlamydia-positive cultures were frequently asymptomatic and exhibited no positive findings on physical examination. Three of ten women with cervical chlamydial infection developed pelvic inflammatory disease. These results support the use of cervical screening for both of these pathogens in sexually active adolescents.
Heinz Body Hemolytic Anemia in Newborns and Failure of Laboratory Studies to Implicate a Phenolic Disinfectant
Authors: Vitkun Stephen A. , Smith Roger P. , French E. Elizabeth , Edwards William H. , Watkins Nancy
Published: December 2021

Two unrelated, white, female, premature infants in the same hospital nursery contemporaneously exhibited features of an acute, Heinz body hemolytic anemia: decreased levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit, anisocytosis, fragmented cells, hyperbilirubinemia, reticulocytosis, and red cell inclusion bodies. Physical examination and laboratory studies failed to reveal the etiology of this process. Epidemiologic studies indicated a possible association between the reaction and the improper use and inappropriately high concentration of a phenolic disinfectant. Such an association has been suggested previously between similar products and epidemics of hyperbilirubinemia. Despite extensive experimental efforts (four species, six routes of administration, newborn rats, splenectomized rats, direct incubation with agematched human cord blood), the reaction could not be produced in the laboratory. It may be highly specific for the intact, human, premature infant. Perhaps the hyperbilirubinemia reported previously had an erythrocytic rather than hepatic origin.
Pediatrician's Role in Primary Health Care
Authors: STRAIN JAMES E.
Published: December 2021

The article by Starfield1 highlights important aspects of primary pediatric care. She points to some of the deficiencies of the pediatric primary care model as they relate to accessibility, comprehensiveness of care and coordination of care. She then poses several provocative questions about the pediatrician's role in the delivery of primary health care to children. Pediatrics, internal medicine, and family practice have traditionally been considered primary care specialties. The truth of the matter is that general pediatrics is a mix of primary and secondary care and in some cases tertiary care. It is the mundane and the esoteric, the assessment of growth and development and the treatment of acute and chronic diseases, the management of psychosocial and biomedical disorders and the care provided in the ambulatory as well as the hospital setting that make pediatrics interesting and exciting.
Disseminated Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 from a Maternal Breast Lesion
Authors: SULLIVAN-BOLYAI JOHN Z. , FIFE KENNETH H. , JACOBS RICHARD F. , MILLER ZACHARY , COREY LAWRENCE
Published: December 2021

Most cases of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) result from contact with infected secretions from the maternal genital tract.1 Postnatal acquisition of neonatal HSV infections, a subject recently reviewed by Light,2 is uncommon. We report a case of fatal neonatal HSV-1 infection acquired by contact with a maternal breast lesion. Restriction endonuclease "fingerprinting" revealed a similar pattern in the viruses isolated from the maternal breast lesion and the infant's skin lesion. The purpose of this report is to alert physicians of this potential route of transmission, especially in women experiencing primary mucocutaneous HSV infection at or near term.

CASE REPORT

A 3,693-g male infant was born to a 21-year-old white primigravida after an uneventful term pregnancy.
The Fetus and Cigarette Smoke
Authors: FARQUHARSON R. G.
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—

Bureau et al1 recently reported on the carboxyhemoglobin concentrations in fetal cord blood and in blood of mothers who smoked during labor. They considered the possibility of intraerythrocyte alteration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) values as a compensatory mechanism in fetal blood. A recent study in Aberdeen Maternity Hospital assessed oxygenation parameters in cord blood in a small random obstetric population at term. The parameters studied include cord, arterial, and venous gas analysis and umbilical venous carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations.
Kernicterus Reexamined
Authors: AHDAB-BARMADA MAMDOUHA , MOOSSY JOHN
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—

Turkel and associates1 postulate that gross bilirubin staining of newborn infants' brains, as observed at autopsy, is only incidental and does not correlate with specific microscopic changes as described with "true kernicterus": microscopic study of brain sections from 32 infants in whom the typical gross bilirubin staining of kernicterus was found at autopsy, showed "microscopic changes in the target areas of classic kernicterus" in only three patients while "diffuse spongy change" was more common.
Section on Urology: Report of the Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California, 1995
Authors: Joseph David B.
Published: December 2021

The Section on Urology conducted its annual Scientific Meeting at the American Academy of Pediatrics Meeting in San Francisco, California, on October 14 through 18, 1995. Two-hundred eighty-three abstracts were submitted with 157 (55%) accepted for presentation. Eighty percent of the abstracts were contributed from the United States or Canada and 20% were received from other foreign institutions. Stuart B. Bauer, MD, from Boston, Massachusetts, presided over the meeting as chairperson of the Section on Urology. The annual John K. Lattimer Lecture was an update on pediatric renal transplantation presented by Oscar Salvatierra, Jr. MD, Professor of Surgery, Urology and Pediatrics; and Director of the Pediatric Renal Transplantation Program, Stanford University (Palo Alto, California). The American Urological Association lectureship was given by Robert L. Chevalier, MD, Professor and Vice Chairman, Chief, Division of Pediatric Nephrology of the University of Virginia (Charlottesville, Virginia). He discussed developmental renal physiology in the premature, low birth weight infant. The panel discussed urologic and gynecologic needs of the disabled female and was developed in cooperation with the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. The panel was chaired by Richard C. Rink, MD, from Indianapolis, Indiana and members included Dr Rink, S. Jean Emans, MD, and Mark R. Laufer, MD, from Boston, Massachusetts, and David Muram, MD, from Memphis, Tennessee. This article will summarize papers of interest to the general pediatrician.

ANTENATAL HYDRONEPHROSIS

Antenatal hydronephrosis continues to be a perplexing problem for the pediatric urologist. The role of fetal intervention for obstructive uropathy re mains controversial.
Poliovaccine Policy—Time for a Change
Authors: Katz Samuel L.
Published: December 2021

The history of the elimination of polio from the United States began in 1949 with the landmark achievement by Enders, Robbins, and Weller of the isolation and growth of polioviruses in cell culture systems. Within 5 years, Jonas Salk had developed and successfully tested his inactivated polio virus vaccine (IPV) incorporating all three serotypes in a formalin-heat inactivated preparation. After the successful Francis Field trial in April 1955, widespread programs for immunization were begun throughout the United States. Over the succeeding 4 years the success in marked reduction of polio each summer and autumn resulted in annual totals of fewer than 2000 paralytic patients in contrast to the previous tolls of 25 000 each year.
The Role of the Pediatrician in Implementing the Americans With Disabilities Act: Subject Review
Authors:   Committee on Children With Disabilities
Published: December 2021

This Policy Statement was retired October 2007.

In this statement, the American Academy of Pediatrics reaffirms the importance of the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA), which guarantees people with disabilities certain rights to enable them to participate more fully in their communities. Pediatricians need to know about the ADA provisions to be able to educate and counsel their patients and patients' families appropriately. The ADA mandates changes to our environment, including reasonable accommodation to the needs of individuals with disabilities, which has application to schools, hospitals, physician offices, community businesses, and recreational programs. Pediatricians should be a resource to their community by providing information about the ADA and the special needs of their patients, assisting with devising reasonable accommodation, and counseling adolescents about their expanded opportunities under the ADA.
Ethics and the Care of Critically Ill Infants and Children
Authors:   Committee on Bioethics
Published: December 2021

The ability to provide life support to ill children who, not long ago, would have died despite medicine's best efforts challenges pediatricians and families to address profound moral questions. Our society has been divided about extending the life of some patients, especially newborns and older infants with severe disabilities. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) supports individualized decision making about life-sustaining medical treatment for all children, regardless of age. These decisions should be jointly made by physicians and parents, unless good reasons require invoking established child protective services to contravene parental authority. At this time, resource allocation (rationing) decisions about which children should receive intensive care resources should be made clear and explicit in public policy, rather than be made at the bedside.
Eye Examination and Vision Screening in Infants, Children, and Young Adults
Authors:   Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, Section on Ophthalmology
Published: December 2021

Vision screening and eye examination are vital for the detection of conditions that distort or suppress the normal visual image, which may lead to inadequate school performance or, at worst, blindness in children. Retinal abnormalities, cataracts, glaucoma, retinoblastoma, eye muscle imbalances, and systemic disease with ocular manifestations may all be identified by careful examination. Examination of the eyes can be performed at any age, beginning in the newborn period, and should be done at all well infant and well child visits. Vision screening should be performed for a child at the earliest age that is practical, because a small child rarely complains that one eye is not seeing properly. Conditions that interfere with vision are of extreme importance, because visual stimuli are critical to the development of normal vision. Normal visual development requires the brain to receive equally clear, focused images from both eyes simultaneously for visual pathways to develop properly.

Vision screening should be carried out as part of the regular plan for continuing care beginning at 3 years of age. Vision screening guidelines have been endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS), and the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO). To achieve the most accurate testing possible, the most sophisticated test that the child is capable of performing should be used (see "Appendix 1").1

As with other specialty areas, it is important for the pediatrician to establish contact with an ophthalmologist who is experienced in treating children's eye problems and who practices in the same geographic area.
Mantoux Test in Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Bertotto Alberto , Spinozzi Fabrizio , Radicioni Maurizio , Vaccaro Renato
Published: December 2021

Localized erythema at the site of a previous bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) inoculation is a relatively specific and early manifestation of Kawasaki disease (KD),1 and redness and crusting are characteristic features at the site of BCG immunization during the acute phase of the illness.2 With these findings in mind, we evaluated the tuberculin skin test reactivity of children with KD, as determined by a commercially available (Sclavo, Siena, Italy) and intradermally injected (5 TU) purified protein derivative (PPD).
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Rhoads George G. , Rogan Walter J.
Published: December 2021

We read with interest the carefully updated "Treatment Guidelines for Lead Exposure in Children" issued by the AAP Committee on Drugs.1 The Committee identifies the major remaining question regarding the role of succimer as the indications for its use in patients with blood lead levels in the range of 25 µg/dL to 44 µg/dL. The Committee also mentions that the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences is supporting a study on the long-term outcome after treatment with succimer, and strongly endorses participation in current research protocols.
Teaching Deficit Disorder
Authors: Van Dervoort Robert L. , Brick Harry J.
Published: December 2021

This letter is in regard to the letter to the editor titled "Teaching Deficit Disorder" by Daniel L. Zeidner, MD, which appeared in the August 1995 edition of Pediatrics. It is disappointing that the editors would chose to publish this letter, which appears to be a backhanded swipe at the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dr Zeidner appears to be casting doubt on the validity of the diagnosis. It is agreed that boring teachers do cause fidgetiness, but this is such a minor factor that it is not worth emphasizing.
Changes in Intubation Rates and Outcome of Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Population-based Study
Authors: Poets Christian F. , Sens Brigitte
Published: December 2021

Objective. There have been indications of a recent decrease in intubation rates of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in Germany. We wanted to quantify this decrease and analyze its effect on clinical outcome.

Methods. Population-based data on the treatment and outcome at hospital discharge from a statewide quality assurance program were analyzed for 2001 VLBW infants (500 to 1499 g) born from 1992 to 1994 in Lower Saxony, North Germany.

Results. The proportion of patients not intubated and mechanically ventilated increased from 7% to 14% in infants less than 1000 g and from 28% to 44% in those greater than or equal to 1000 g (P < .02 and < .01, respectively). This increase was not associated with any significant increase in adverse outcome such as death, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leucomalacia, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Instead, there was an increase in the proportion of infants less than 1000 g who survived without BPD (from 38% in 1992 to 48% in 1994; P > .05) and a decrease in the proportion of infants greater than or equal to 1000 g in whom BPD developed (from 14% to 9%; P < .05).

Conclusions. The data from a statewide quality assurance program show a significant reduction in the aggressiveness of the treatment of VLBW infants, which was not associated with an increased mortality or morbidity. This observational study, however, cannot define whether a more selective approach to the intubation of VLBW infants will ultimately result in a better outcome. A randomized, controlled trial would be required to answer this clinically important question.
Routine Emergency Department Use for Sick Care by Children in the United States
Authors: Halfon Neal , Newacheck Paul W. , Wood David L. , St Peter Robert F.
Published: December 2021

Background. The use of the emergency departments as a regular source of sick care has been increasing, despite the fact that it is costly and is often an inappropriate source of care. This study examines factors associated with routine use of emergency departments by using a national sample of US children.

Methods. Data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey on Child Health, a nationally representative sample of 17 710 children younger than 18 years, was linked to county-level health resource data from the Area Resource File. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the association between children's use of emergency departments as their usual sources of sick care and predisposing need and enabling characteristics of the families, as well as availability of health resources in their communities.

Results. In 1988 3.4% or approximately 2 million US children younger than 18 years were reported to use emergency departments as their usual sources of sick care. Significant demographic risk factors for reporting an emergency department as a usual source of sick care included black versus white race (odds ratio [OR], 2.08), single-parent versus two-parent families (OR, 1.53), mothers with less than a high school education versus those with high school or more (OR, 1.76), poor versus nonpoor families (OR, 1.76), and living in an urban versus suburban setting (OR, 1.38). Specific indicators of need, such as recurrent health conditions (asthma, tonsillitis, headaches, and febrile seizures), were not associated with routine use of emergency departments for sick care. Furthermore, health insurance status and specifically Medicaid coverage had no association with use of the emergency department as a usual source of sick care. Compared with children who receive well child care in private physicians' offices or health maintenance organizations, children whose sources of well child care were neighborhood health centers were more likely to report emergency departments for sick care (OR, 2.01). Children residing in counties where the supply of primary care physicians was in the top quintile had half the odds (OR, 0.50) of reporting emergency departments as usual sources of sick care.
Promoting Sun Awareness: Evaluation of an Educational Children's Book
Authors: Thornton Caroline M. , Piacquadio Daniel J.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To assess the value of early childhood education as a means of increasing awareness and knowledge about the sun and related skin disease(s).

Methods. A children's book promoting sun awareness and protection was developed. The text was incorporated into the health education curriculum of two third-grade classrooms (n = 82). The students completed a questionnaire before, immediately after, and 6 weeks after reading the text. Student sun awareness knowledge was compared using descriptive statistics and paired T-tests.

Results. Behaviors and attitudes that resulted in overexposure to the sun's ultraviolet light were common among third-graders. Primary test areas included the sun's effect on skin, effective sunscreens, skin type, and skin cancer. Test scores showed a marked improvement (40% compared with baseline) in knowledge of sun protection at both posttests. Parents represented the greatest source of information for children (28 of 82) before this study, while doctors and teachers each accounted for only 1 of 82.

Conclusions. Preventive measures in childhood have the potential to significantly reduce the incidence of sunrelated skin diseases; however, education to date has been directed primarily at parents. This study demonstrated that an educational book for elementary school students can be an effective tool to increase sun awareness and knowledge. The multifaceted approach to prevention recommended here is similar to that of the highly successful dental care campaign, consisting of direct education of children by physicians, teachers, parents, and the media.
Delayed Diagnosis of Injury in Pediatric Trauma
Authors: Furnival Ronald A. , Woodward George A. , Schunk Jeff E.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To define the frequency and nature of delayed diagnosis of injury (DDI) in pediatric trauma.

Design. Retrospective review.

Setting. Tertiary pediatric trauma center.

Methods. Medical records of 1175 pediatric trauma admissions from July 1, 1989, through June 30, 1992, were reviewed.

Results. Fifty (4.3%) patients had 53 DDI. Fractures accounted for 38 DDI, most commonly of the extremities (total, 16). The delay until injury diagnosis ranged from 1 to 55 (median, 3) days. Patients with DDI had lower scores on the Glasgow Coma Scale, higher injury severity scores, and longer pediatric intensive care unit and hospital stays than patients without DDI. Patients with DDI more frequently required medical transport, emergent intubation, admission to the pediatric intensive care unit, and surgery. The DDI altered treatment for 68% of patients; 10 required surgery, including second operations for 6 children.

Conclusions. DDI represents a failure of pediatric trauma care at all levels. The severely injured child is at the greatest risk of DDI. All pediatric patients with trauma warrant ongoing evaluation to identify initially unrecognized injuries.
E em seu nome será exercido
Authors: Oliveira Augusto Neftali Corte de
Published: December 2021

O artigo emprega o conceito de representação descritiva em uma investigação sobre as condicionantes socioeconômicas, institucionais e contextuais da desigualdade política. O escopo de análise é a eleição da Câmara de Deputados em 2018. São observados os padrões de representação descritiva segundo critérios de gênero, cor e raça no âmbito da bancada da unidade da federação. A pesquisa emprega análises estatísticas para avaliar os fatores relacionados com a desigualdade descritiva presente e sua alteração entre 2014 e 2018. O número limitado de casos permite abordagens detalhadas sobre as relações identificadas. Propõe-se a interpretação de que a ocorrência de redução da desigualdade política na unidade da federação está associada à candidatura de Bolsonaro de duas formas: (a) menor reeleição de titulares; e (b) politização da pauta de gênero em termos eleitorais. Nota-se nos fatores socioeconômicos e institucionais, respectivamente, condicionalidade e interveniência. A partir do caso investigado, propõe-se um modelo interpretativo das condicionantes socioeconômicas, institucionais e contextuais da mudança de curto prazo na desigualdade política parlamentar.
Da interseccionalidade à encruzilhada
Authors: Bueno Winnie de Campos , Anjos José Carlos dos
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre as estratégias de resistência das estudantes negras na pós graduação a partir das experiências dos autores do artigo, enquanto orientador e orientanda. Parte-se da análise dos efeitos da circulação internacional da rede de conceitos relacionados à interseccionalidade em seus efeitos de apropriação politicamente neutralizante e da destituição intelectual da centralidade da experiência negra. No que pese a teoria feminista ter incorporado a interseccionalidade, frequentemente opera uma supressão intelectual da centralidade das experiências de mulheres negras para a constituição de um ponto de vista autodefinido. Para se contrapor a esse efeito neutralizante da circulação internacional do conceito, se analisa aqui como o conceito tem sido traduzido e experimentado por pós-graduandas negras enquanto encruzilhada – categoria da religiosidade de matriz africana.
La dimensión global de las políticas públicas de género y salud en América Latina
Authors: López Laura Cecilia , Soares Sito Luanda Rejane , Borrero-Ramírez Yadira Eugenia
Published: December 2021

Se propone un análisis de políticas públicas que articulan género y salud en América Latina, para repensar la dimensión global de la construcción de conceptos, indicadores e instrumentos de evaluación de impactos de estas políticas en la región. Indagamos cómo estudios y evaluaciones globales sobre esas políticas “hacen género” de una manera particular, vinculada a la colonialidad que entreteje las sociedades del Sur Global. La metodología contempló análisis discursivo de publicaciones de dos actores globales destacados en la revisión documental: Cepal y OPS. Entre los resultados, se apuntan diferencias en los modos de “hacer género” de estos dos órganos, con la operación discursiva de supresión de heterogeneidad en la idea de autonomía del primero y con construcciones relacionales de género del segundo vinculadas a la equidad. Se destaca que el alineamiento a políticas neoliberales no permite visualizar instrumentos de justicia social más robustos propuestos en estas evaluaciones.
Tecendo fios entre interseccionalidade, agência e capacidades na teoria sociológica
Authors: Souza Marcio Ferreira de , Mariano Silvana Aparecida , Ferreira Lina Penati
Published: December 2021

A crítica produzida pelo pensamento feminista teve relevante contribuição para os estudos sociais ao enfatizar como a categoria gênero pode auxiliar na compreensão do mundo social. Mais recentemente, a abordagem interseccional do feminismo tem demostrado como gênero, articulado a outras categorias, como raça, classe, sexualidade, geração e localidade, pode auxiliar em análises mais complexas dos fenômenos sociais. Neste artigo, nosso objetivo é mobilizar a abordagem interseccional para revisar as noções de agência e de capacidades, visando oferecer um aporte sociológico analítico da constituição de sujeitos autônomos. Para isso, destacamos contribuições da abordagem interseccional e, em seguida, reelaboramos as noções de agência e de capacidades, tecendo combinações entre os fundadores e as fundadoras desses conceitos com representantes da abordagem interseccional.
Sobre usos e possibilidades da interseccionalidade
Authors: Pereira Bruna Cristina Jaquetto
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo destaco o potencial de um uso particular do conceito da interseccionalidade. Inicialmente, recupero de modo breve o histórico do conceito, discuto estudos que analisam como ele vem sendo utilizado no âmbito das ciências sociais a partir do final da década de 1980 e, em seguida, apresento um modelo próprio de análise, que enseja radicalizar o olhar interseccional e capturar camadas complexas das relações sociais. Busco, com isso, superar definitivamente a perspectiva da soma de opressões e as análises interseccionais que privilegiam ora um dos sistemas de subordinação, ora outro(s). A ideia apresentada junta-se a outras possibilidades de emprego da interseccionalidade como dispositivo heurístico.
“Na medida do impossível”
Authors: Silva Luciane , Belmont Yann
Published: December 2021

Tomando como contexto de pesquisa o Conjunto Habitacional Matadouro, popularmente conhecido como Portelinha, localizado na cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes, o presente artigo apresenta o resultado de pesquisas realizadas junto aos moradores com o objetivo de compreender o impacto da Covid-19. Interrogamo-nos sobre os casos de contaminação; se existiam como eram tratados e como a queda de empregos formais e informais afetava essa população. Como metodologia de coleta de dados realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas, mediadas por uso de tecnologia de comunicação, incursões de observação e entrevistas presenciais, principalmente com pessoas que não possuíam acesso à internet. Nesse sentido, pudemos concluir que a forma de segregação urbana experimentada pelos moradores colaborou para o baixo número de contaminação, maior dependência das políticas de assistência social e dificuldades de inserção no mercado de trabalho formal e informal. Um dos achados laterais de nossa pesquisa corrobora o quadro de insegurança alimentar vivido no Brasil desde o início da pandemia.
El Uso del aditivo mineral como modificador de las propiedades mecánicas en el concreto: una revisión
Authors: Muñoz Pérez Sócrates Pedro , Burga Carrasco Jhonathan Janmarco , Cordova Guerrero Renato , Castro Palma Jesús Alberto , Bonilla Bances Kristell Esteffania , Ramos Castillo Sandro Enrique
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo recopila e identifica la adición de ciertos aditivos minerales de uso más frecuente en la industria de la construcción como modificadores del concreto durante su estado fresco y endurecido, los cuales en su mayoría son usados como remplazo parcial del cemento. Actualmente los investigadores buscan optimizar las propiedades del diseño de mezclas dependiendo al uso por el cual son concebidas, así mismo que sea factible económicamente y respetuoso con el medio ambiente. Se revisaron 50 artículos indexados entre los años 2010 y 2021 distribuidos en las siguientes bases de datos: 37 artículos de Scopus, 10 artículos de ScienceDirect, 2 artículos de Springer y 1 artículo de SciELO. Los aditivos en estudio son escoria de alto horno granulada (EAHG), cenizas volantes (CV), humo de sílice (HS), ceniza de cascarilla de arroz (CCA). En su mayoría presentan una mejora considerable en sus características mecánicas de tracción, resistencia a la compresión y módulo de elasticidad. La adición de CV mejora en la mezcla del diseño durante su estado fresco, la CCA durante su estado endurecido y las mejores resistencias para el HS; sin embargo, la EAHG resulta cumplir con casi todas las expectativas en mayor porcentaje y así mismo junto con la CCA, son potencialmente competitivos.
New records of Gerridae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera) from northern South America
Authors: Morales Irina , Mondragón-F. Silvia P. , Moreira Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo
Published: December 2021

Based on material deposited in a Colombian entomological collection, new records from northern South America (Colombia and Venezuela) are presented for eight species of Gerridae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera). The species belong to the genera Brachymetra Mayr, 1865 (Charmatometrinae); Limnogonus Stål, 1868; Neogerris Matsumura, 1913 (Gerrinae, Gerrini); Tachygerris Drake, 1957 (Gerrinae, Tachygerrini); Metrobates Uhler, 1871 (Trepobatinae, Metrobatini); and Telmatometra Bergroth, 1908 (Trepobatinae, Trepobatini). Photographs of the habitus of adults and distribution maps are also presented for each species.
Iodine release from high-burnup fuel structures: Separate-effect tests and simulated fuel pellets for better understanding of iodine behaviour in nuclear fuels
Authors: Heikinheimo Janne , Kärkelä Teemu , Tyrpekl Václav , Niz̆n̆anský Matĕj̆ , Gouëllo Mélany , Tapper Unto
Published: December 2021

Iodine release modelling of nuclear fuel pellets has major uncertainties that restrict applications in current fuel performance codes. The uncertainties origin from both the chemical behaviour of iodine in the fuel pellet and the release of different chemical species. The structure of nuclear fuel pellet evolves due to neutron and fission product irradiation, thermo-mechanical loads and fission product chemical interactions. This causes extra challenges for the fuel behaviour modelling. After sufficient amount of irradiation, a new type of structure starts forming at the cylindrical pellet outer edge. The porous structure is called high-burnup structure or rim structure. The effects of high-burnup structure on fuel behaviour become more pronounced with increasing burnup. As the phenomena in the nuclear fuel pellet are diverse, experiments with simulated fuel pellets can help in understanding and limiting the problem at hand. As fission gas or iodine release behaviour from high-burnup structure is not fully understood, the current preliminary study focuses on (i) sintering of porous fuel samples with Cs and I, (ii) measurements of released species during the annealing experiments and (iii) interpretation of the iodine release results with the scope of current fission gas release models.

Graphical abstract
Ergenlerde Tanrı Algısı, Affetme Eğilimi ve Öfke İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: GÖREGEN Feride , YILDIZ Mualla
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmada ergen bireylerin sahip oldukları Tanrı algısı, affetme eğilimi ve öfke ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla farklı türde eğitim kurumlarında öğrenim görmekte olan ergenlerin sahip oldukları Tanrı algısı, affetme eğilimleri, sürekli öfke ve öfke ifade tarzlarının demografik değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterip göstermediği tespit edilmiş ve ergenlerin sahip oldukları Tanrı algısı, affetme eğilimleri ile öfke arasındaki ilişki saptanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi Ankara ili merkezinde farklı lise türlerinde öğrenim görmekte olan 10.sınıf düzeyinde 596 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Demografik Bilgiler Formu, Affetme Eğilimi Ölçeği, Tanrı Algısı Ölçeği ve Sürekli Öfke ve Öfke Tarz Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, iki kategorili değişkenlerin ölçek puanlarının normal dağılım gösterdiği durumlarda ilişkisiz örneklemler t testi, normal dağılımın olmadığı durumlarda Mann Whitney U testi ile analiz edilmiştir. İkiden fazla kategoriye sahip değişkenler için ise ölçek puanlarının normal dağılım gösterdiği durumlarda varyans analizi (ANOVA), normal dağılım tespit edilemeyen durumlarda ise Kruskal Wallis H testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda demografik değişkenlere göre uygulanan ölçeklerin alt boyutlarının puanlarında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Affetme Eğilim Ölçeği uzaklaşma boyutu ile sürekli öfke ve dışa öfke boyutları arasında; Affetme Eğilim Ölçeği öç alma boyutu ile sürekli öfke, içe öfke, dışa öfke boyutları arasında pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Tahâvî’nin Sahâbî Kavli Anlayışı ve Sünnetle Münasebeti
Authors: HAZAR Fatma
Published: December 2021

Tahâvî (v. 321/ 933), hicrî üçüncü asrın sonları ile dördüncü asrın başlarında yaşamış Hanefî fakihidir. Tahâvî’nin daha çok muhaddis olarak tanınmasına rağmen hadis ve fıkha derin vukufiyeti, her iki alana da temas eden hadis-sahâbî kavlî münasebetini onun üzerinden incelemeyi daha anlamlı kılmaktadır. Müctehid fakihlerin hüküm istinbâtında başvurduğu sahâbî kavlî, Hz. Peygamber’e dayanması bakımından semâ/tevkif ihtimali bulunan bir delildir. Bu sebeple sahâbî kavlini sünnet birlikte değerlendirmenin lüzumu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca Tahâvî’nin sahâbî kavli ile sünnet arasında net bir ayırım yapmaması, Hanefî usûlünün teşekkül süreci açısından önemlidir. Tahâvî, ictihad usûlü anlayışında sahâbî kavline deliller hiyerarşisinde Kur’an, sünnet ve icmâdan sonra yer vermektedir. Eserlerindeki tercihleri dikkate alındığında Tahâvî, sahâbî kavlini tevkife hamlettiği yerlerde sünnet olarak değerlendirmektedir. Hatta sahâbî kavli ve uygulamasının icmâa dönüştüğü durumda sünneti neshedebilecek mertebede gördüğü anlaşılmaktadır. Tahâvî ictihadî olan, re’y ve te’vil ifade eden sahâbî kavlini ise mutlak delil almayıp bu durumdaki sahâbî kavli karşısında kıyasa gitmektedir. Tahâvî’nin sünnete ve sahâbî kavline bakışı birlikte değerlendirildiğinde dönemin hadis anlayışı gereği, sünnetin çerçevesini sahâbe ve tâbiûn kavillerini dahil ederek geniş kapsamda ele aldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Erken dönem Hanefî usûlünde sahâbî kavli hakkında Tahâvî’nin görüşlerinin incelendiği araştırmada metin incelemesi ve analizi yöntemi kullanılmış; Tahâvî’ye ait eserler ile erken dönem Hanefî usûl-i fıkıh eserleri mukâyeseli olarak ele alınmıştır.
Approximating Expensive Distance Metrics
Authors:   Montana State University, Pryor Elliott , Stouffer Nathan ,   Montana State University
Published: December 2021

Computing the distance between point a and point b is typically considered to be very easy. However, there are times when computing a distance can take significant computation time; we call these expensive distance metrics. Suppose we have some expensive distance metric and we need to compute the distances between a bunch of points. This paper explores a method that to reduce the number of queries to the distance metric and the effect on clustering. The authors find that total run time can be reduced while only inducing small inaccuracies in clustering output.
Effect of Various Nutritional Resources on Phytochemical Traits of Some Rice Varieties Under Drought Stress Conditions
Authors: AFRA Jaber Mehdiniya , NIKNEJAD Yousef , AMOLI Hormoz Fallah , TARI Davood Barari
Published: December 2021

A split-plot factorial experiment with randomized complete block design with three replications was performed at Dasht-e-Naz company located in Sari city, the Mazandaran province, Iran, in 2016 and 2017. It aimed to study the phytochemical properties of rice cultivars using different nutrients (chemical, organic) under drought stress. Three levels of stress, including drought stress at the beginning of tillering stage (15 days after transplanting), active grain filling period (end of flowering and the beginning of seed filling) and lack of stress (control) were the main causes of drought stress. Irrigation was stopped for two days, and re-irrigation was performed periodically after the appearance of hairy cleavage. The type of nutrition system was considered as the sub-factors in the factorial pattern in terms of four levels of vermicomposting and Azolla compost, in the quantities of 6 and 8 tons per hectare, respectively, humic acid (4.5 litres per thousand litres of water), the conventional chemical fertilizers (NPK), and two cultivars (Shirodi and the local Tarom). The maximum paddy seed yield was obtained in the non-stress condition using humic acid in the cultivars of shirodi and local Tarom. The maximum proline content was obtained in the drought stress condition in the retransition growth stage using the conventional fertilizer in the local Tarom cultivar. Maximum free radical scavenging and phenol content was obtained in drought stress conditions applied in the mobilization phase using humic acid in local Tarom rice. The overall results of the research suggested that humic acid increases the resistance of rice cultivars against drought due to the reduction of oxidative damage compared to the other fertilizers resources and enhances the paddy seed yield by affecting the phytochemical process.
Study of the allelopathic effects of Medicago sativa on the germination characteristics of Secale montanum
Authors: NABIZADEH Esmaeil , MEMARI Mahdieh , AHMADI Khadijeh
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the allelopathic effects of Medicago sativa L. on the germination characteristics of weed rye (Secale montanum L.) Guss. In order to study the allelopathic effects of different concentrations of aqueous extract (0, 10, 20 and 30%) of different M. sativa parts (root, leaves, stem and aerial parts of the plant including (stems, leaves and flowers) on initial growth of rye (S. montanum) seedlings a factorial experiment arranged in RCB design was carried out with three replications in the greenhouse of Agricultural College, Mahabad Islamic Azad University in 2017. The greenhouse data showed that the plant height, root and biomass dry weight of the weed decreased so that the declining trend had a significant effect (p≤0.05) on all traits of rye studied in the present experiment. Among the aqueous extracts of M. sativa that of the root had the greatest allelopathic potential.
Effectiveness of fungicides with different modes of action against net blotch disease of two-rowed spring barley
Authors: SUCIU Loredana Alexandra , ȘOPTEREAN Laura , RUSSU Florin , GIURGIU Camelia , MOREA Adriana , FLORIAN Vasile , BARȘON Gabriel , CRIȘAN Ioana
Published: December 2021

Net blotch disease caused by Pyrenophora teres is one of the most damaging fungal diseases of barley crop. This study screened comparatively the effectiveness of eleven fungicide products applied to malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L. conv. distichum Alef.) cultivar ‘Daciana’ in conditions from Transylvania. After fungicide treatment, the net blotch disease index decreased an average of 70.37-78.04% relative to untreated control. Fungicide application ensured an average of 28.66% grain yield increase, 7.51% thousand grains weight increase and 4.36% grain starch content increase relative to untreated control. Top performance was obtained by using products that contained demethylation inhibitors targeting sterol biosynthesis in combination with other active substances with a different mode of action particularly targeting mitochondrial respiration. It is a difficult task to achieve top performance on all dimensions: strict disease suppression, high quantity and quality grain yields. Preventing the occurrence of pathogen resistance to fungicide and minimizing negative effect on crop as well as remanence in the plant, are the main challenges for fungicide use and should receive further attention.
Comparison of fatty acid composition of milk from Holstein and local breed cows in two breeding systems
Authors: BENMALLEM REMANE Yakout , BLECKER Cristophe , FAUCONNIER Marie Laure , BELLAL Mohand Mouloud , MOULA Nassim
Published: December 2021

Milk production and quality are influenced by many factors, including nutrition, management practices and breed. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of farming management system and breed on the milk yield, and fatty acid composition of the milk from 50 confinement-fed cows that were fed a total mixed ration, and 52 pasture-fed cows grazed together in rangeland. Individual milk samples (N = 102) were collected once in February. Milk from local breed was characterized by a significantly lower milk yield, and somatic cell count, and a higher protein content than the Holstein breed. The fatty acid composition was relatively the same in both breeds. The result showed that farming management system has no significant effect on the milk yield, somatic cell count, and fat contents, while there was a significant effect on protein content and fatty acid composition. The milk of Holstein cows from extensive system was characterized by more favorable fat fractions with significantly lower concentrations of C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, the sum of short and medium chain saturated fatty acids and n-6: n-3 ratio, and also by higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids and the sum of n-3 than the milk of Holstein from intensive system.
Modification of microbiological quality and valorization of different ruminants species ruminal content in farm animals feeding
Authors: BARA Yamouna , ARBOUCHE Rafik , BAA Abdelhamid , MAMMERI Adel
Published: December 2021

This study is based on the microbiological analysis of a common slaughterhouse by-product which is the rumen content, before and after treatment with HCl 1N, targeting its valorization in domestic animal feeding. A total of 24 rumen content samples were collected in pairs (two series) immediately after slaughter from 12 ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats). The first series was not treated with HCl (N0 = 12), while the second series was treated with HCl 1N (N1 = 12) to adjust its pH to about 2. Then all samples (series 1 and 2) were subject to a group of microbiological analyzes targeting identification and enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic flora; fecal and total coliforms; Clostridium perfringens; Staphylococcus aureus; Salmonella spp. as well as yeasts and molds. The results revealed that after lowering the pH to about 2, the 2nd series samples were considered of satisfactory quality, with reference to Algerian microbiological standards for livestock feeds. The reduction rates of germs in the 2nd series compared to the 1st series were as follows: total aerobic mesophilic flora (86.45%), total coliforms (96.43%), faecal coliforms (70.41). %), Clostridium perfringens (88.4%), yeast and mold (87.75%). The total absence of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. was registered.