bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angioleiomyoma of the Cavernous Sinus: Case Report
Authors: Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Gomes Marcos , Vellutini Eduardo , Rosemberg Sérgio , Marino Raul
Published: January 2005

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:

Angioleiomyomas (ALMs) are relatively rare, benign, vascular soft tissue tumors that occur most frequently in the extremities of middle-aged individuals. To date, only two cases of intracranial ALMs have been described, both with little emphasis on the clinical, surgical, and radiological aspects. Neither of these reported cases of ALM involved the cavernous sinus. Furthermore, there is no previous intracranial ALM magnetic resonance imaging scan described in the literature. This report presents the first case of cavernous sinus ALM, emphasizing the clinical, radiological, and surgical aspects.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

A 52-year-old man had a 2-year history of horizontal diplopia and frontal headache. Facial numbness and impaired visual acuity in the previous 6 months were also reported. Physical examination revealed paralysis of right Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI. A decrease in optical acuity was also noted. Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated a mass lesion located in the right cavernous sinus, which enhanced homogeneously with administration of intravenous contrast medium.

INTERVENTION:

A total resection was performed via a right frontotemporal craniotomy and a pretemporal approach with peeling of the middle fossa. The postoperative course was uneventful. Histological examination identified the ALM, with no recurrence noted during follow-up.

CONCLUSION:

It is unknown why intracranial ALMs have not been reported more frequently in the literature. Although ALMs are a rare occurrence, misinterpretation of this lesion may also have contributed to the lack of reported cases. Before surgery, ALMs can be distinguished from meningiomas and schwannomas but not from hemangiomas. The prognosis of intracranial ALM is good, as suggested in this case as well as the two previously reported cases.
Zielorientierte Requirements Engineering Methoden zur Entwicklung von Agentensystemen (Goal oriented Requirements Engineering Methods for Developing Agent Systems)
Authors: Heine Christian
Published: January 2005

Nach grundlegender Definition des Agentenbegriffs, wird unter Fokussierung auf eine wesentliche Eigenschaft von Softwareagenten — proaktives, zielorientiertes Verhalten und die sich daraus ableitenden Anforderungen näher beleuchtet. Ausgehend von einer Erläuterung der Problemstellung des zielorientierten Requirements Engineering wird im vorliegenden Papier eine Aufarbeitung der bisherigen Forschungsaktivitäten vorgenommen und ein systematischer Vergleich bestehender zielorientierter Requirements Engineering Methoden erarbeitet.
Priority Program SoftSpez and the International INT Workshops “Integration of Software Specification Techniques for Applications in Engineering” (DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm SoftSpez und die internationalen INT-Workshops „Integration von Techniken der Softwarespezifikation für ingenieurwissenschaftliche Anwendungen“)
Authors: Ehrig Hartmut , Braatz Benjamin , Klein Markus
Published: January 2005

The research area “Integration of Software Specification Techniques for Applications in Engineering” has been subject of the Priority Program SoftSpez of the German Research Foundation (DFG) in the years 1998–2004 and of the international INT workshops as satellite events of the ETAPS conferences in 2000, 2002, and 2004. In this paper, we present an overview of aims, organization, and results of these activities. Moreover, we present an example for the integration of specification techniques in software engineering and industrial control systems developed within the project IOSIP of SoftSpez.
The Quest for Transcendence: An Ethnography of UFOs in America
Authors: Bartholomew Robert E.
Published: January 2005

Two case studies involving waves of claims and public discourse about mysterious aerial sightings in the United States over half a century apart are presented. Most evaluations of such episodes by scientists ethnocentrically portray sightings of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) as the product of deviance, irrationality, or psychopathology The emphasis on natural science approaches to understanding the social sciences is primarily responsible for the present erroneous pseudoscientific status of UFOs, as is the failure to recognize or take as problematic the notion of rationality as a cultural category. Consequently, the symbolic significance of UFOs has been obscured. Contemporary interpretations of UFOs serve the unconscious resurrection of the power and function of omnipotent beings during a secular age. A semiotic culture‐as‐text social anthropology approach is more fruitful as it does not treat rationality as an objective given, but emphasizes the social construction of reality and the translation of unfamiliar symbol systems.
Mutilation Mania—The Witch Craze Revisited: An Essay Review of An Alien Harvest
Authors: Bartholomew Robert E.
Published: January 2005

Linda Moulton Howe. An Alien Harvest. Littleton, Colorado: LMH Productions. 1989. Pp. xviii. 455. $55.00. Cloth. ISBN 0‐9620570‐1‐0. Available from Linda Howe Productions, 904 Summit North Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30324
Tribal Lore in Present‐day Paleoanthropology: A Case Study
Authors: Sheets‐Johnstone Maxine
Published: January 2005

This essay critically examines ways in which cognitivist tenets function as tribal lore in the current paleoanthropological controversy over the relationship between Neandertals and modern humans. It does this through an analysis of Stringer and Gamble's characterization of the behavior of "Moderns" as "symbolic behavior," showing how their underlying conception of a symbol is muddled and nowhere substantiated. It shows further how their denigration of Neandertal behavior as mere "survival" or "imitative behavior" effectively separates the mental from the physical and reduces Neandertal behavior to a mere physical happening. The essay shows how a denial of mental evolutionary continuities protects our own "Modern" preeminence and perpetuates cherished tribal lore about ourselves. Its concluding section specifies an alternative approach to an understanding of Neandertals that does not dichotomize mind and body and thus, does not sever consciousness from its natural corporeal moorings.
Sensuality and Consciousness IV Where Did the Liminal Flowers Go?: The Study of Child Behavior and Development in Cultural Isolates
Authors: Sorenson E. Richard
Published: January 2005

Examination of isolated human enclaves in the world shows that basic human consciousness can differ strikingly across cultures, moreso across eras. Such anomaly was first stumbled onto during studies of child behavior in the Central Range of New Guinea at the time of Western contact. When similar child nurture was later seen spawning similar consciousness in isolated enclaves elsewhere, it became clear that a type of mentality very different from world norms today existed widely in prehistory. Such mentality emerges from a sociosensual nurture common to such peoples but shunned in Westernized societies. The southmost Fore people of New Guinea are a quintessential example of this pre‐Western type. Among such isolates consciousness focussed liminally, in contrast to the supraliminal consciousness that is the norm of the Westernizing world. Up to now liminal consciousness has not usually been set apart from supraliminal consciousness.

Nonetheless, liminal consciousness was the norm among those aboriginal groups roaming the southern forest slopes of New Guinea's Central Range at the time of contact. They differed from peoples near them to the north, where sweet potato agriculture was settling in. In those northern regions a supraliminally focussed type of consciousness was taking shape.

In the real life of those neolithic peoples, liminal consciousness was emerging from a sociosensual type of infant nurture. Actualizing instantly and nonverbally from at‐the‐moment, point‐blank, sensory experience, such consciousness was nakedly open and direct (rather than cloaked and self‐serving). It spawned a subtle but pervasive nonverbal human interconnectedness—an intuitive rapport— unequaled in the modern world. Focussing on immediate sensory experience, this liminal type of consciousness was continuous, i.e., not broken into separate units of cognition. With no clear boundaries between cognitions, liminal awareness was unmanageable by rules of syntax and formal logic. Yet it was reckoned sensibly— though seemingly intuitively to us.

This paper will inquire into the nature of this liminal consciousness by focussing on the people of the southern Fore region. It will show how such consciousness developed. And it will show how it got replaced by a supraliminal type. This transformation becomes increasingly significant in the light of recent laboratory and psychological research on mentality.
Morality for the “Democracy of God”: George Albert Coe and the Liberal Protestant Critique of American Character Education, 1917–1940
Authors: Setran David P.
Published: January 2005

In the years between World War I and World War II in the United States, public and religious educators engaged in an extended struggle to define the appropriate nature of character education for American youth. Within a post-war culture agonizing over the sanctions of moral living in the wake of mass violence and vanishing certitudes, a group of conservative educators sought to shore up traditional values through the construction of morality codes defining the characteristics of the “good American.” At the same time, a group of liberal progressive educators set forth a vigorous critique of these popular character education programs. This article analyzes the nature of this liberal critique by looking at one leading liberal spokesperson, George Albert Coe. Coe taught at Union Theological Seminary and Teachers College, Columbia University, and used his platform in these institutions to forge a model of character education derived from the combined influences of liberal Protestantism and Deweyan progressive education. Coe posited a two-pronged vision for American moral education rooted in the need for both procedural democracy (collaborative moral decision making) and a democratic social order. Utilizing this vision of the “democracy of God,” Coe demonstrated the inadequacies of code-based models, pointing in particular to the anachronism of traditional virtues in a world of social interdependence, the misguided individualism of the virtues, and the indoctrinatory nature of conservative programs. He proposed that youth be allowed to participate in moral experimentation, adopting ideals through scientific testing rather than unthinking allegiance to authoritative commands. Expanding the meaning of morality to include social as well as personal righteousness, he also made character education a vehicle of social justice. In the end, I contend that Coe's democratic model of character education, because of its scientific epistemological hegemony and devaluing of tradition, actually failed to promote a truly democratic character.
Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression and Lifetime History of Axis I Psychopathology: A Comparison of Negative Cognitive Styles (CSQ) and Dysfunctional Attitudes (DAS)
Authors: Haeffel Gerald J. , Abramson Lyn Y. , Voelz Zachary R. , Metalsky Gerald I. , Halberstadt Lisa , Dykman Benjamin M. , Donovan Patricia , Hogan Michael E. , Hankin Benjamin L. , Alloy Lauren B.
Published: January 2005

The goal of this study was to “unpack” the “generic” cognitive vulnerability employed in the retrospective behavioral high-risk design of Alloy and colleagues (2000), one of the major publications emanating from the Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression (CAD) Project to date. To this end, we used a retrospective behavioral high-risk design with a new sample of unselected undergraduates and examined the unique association between lifetime history of clinically significant depression as well as other Axis I disorders (e.g., anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders) and both dysfunctional attitudes (DAS, featured in Beck’s theory) and negative cognitive styles (CSQ, featured in hopelessness theory). We present results supporting the cognitive vulnerability factor featured in the hopelessness theory and the construct validity of the CSQ. Negative cognitive styles were more strongly and consistently associated with lifetime history of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) major depression and hopelessness depression than were dysfunctional attitudes. These results suggest that negative cognitive styles, as assessed by the CSQ, were a potent component of the “generic” cognitive vulnerability effect in Alloy and associates’ (2000) retrospective behavioral high-risk design. Interestingly, negative cognitive styles also were significantly associated with a participant having had a past RDC anxiety diagnosis. Thus, consistent with past research, our results suggest that negative cognitive styles and dysfunctional attitudes are distinct constructs as measured by the CSQ and DAS, respectively. Of further interest, gender differences in depression were obtained with college women in our study exhibiting significantly greater lifetime history of RDC major depression than college men.
The Perceived Benefits of a Group CBT Intervention for Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Edelman Sarah , Lemon Jim , Kidman Antony
Published: January 2005

Participants in a group CBT intervention for men who had undergone stent surgery completed an evaluation of the program at its completion. The evaluation included questions on how much they liked the program, how helpful they found it to be, how well the leader ran the group, what aspects of the program they had found beneficial, and what aspects they liked and disliked. Measures of anxiety, depression, and hostility were taken before and after the intervention. Participants rated the program highly and most frequently cited the opportunity to disclose and share information with fellow participants as an aspect of the program which they particularly liked. Learning specific skills was the most frequently cited benefit of doing the program. The therapeutic aims of the program—reducing anxiety, depression, and hostility—were mentioned infrequently. Although reductions in anxiety and hostility scores were apparent after the program, these were not related to participants’ feedback on the perceived benefits or enjoyable aspects of the program.
Command Hallucinations: Cognitive Theory, Therapy, and Research
Authors: Byrne Sarah , Trower Peter , Birchwood Max , Meaden Alan , Nelson Angela
Published: January 2005

Command hallucinations (CH) are a distressing and high-risk group of symptoms that have long been recognized but little understood, with few effective treatments. Research shows that cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a promising treatment for hallucinations in general and therefore has a potential role in the treatment of CH. We propose that the development of an effective CBT for CH would be enhanced by a theory specific to this uniquely problematic symptom. In this article we describe and apply such a theory from evolutionary psychology, namely social rank theory, and review recent evidence for its application to hallucinations in general. Second, we present a treatment protocol developed in accordance with the principles of the theory specifically for CH, and describe an illustrative case. Finally, we outline the design and methodology of a new, randomized, controlled trial currently being undertaken to test the efficacy of the treatment. Further developments both in the protocol and in its evaluation are discussed.
Determining theCDSpectrum of a Protein
Authors: Pain Roger
Published: January 2005

This unit describes the theory behind circular dichroism (CD) and deals with considerations regarding instrumentation and reagents for CD spectrometry. A protocol is provided that outlines the steps in recording a CD spectrum and two support protocols explain the interpretation of near‐UV and far‐UV CD spectra.
Enzymatic Digestion of Proteins in Gels for Mass Spectrometric Identification and Structural Analysis
Authors: Stone Kathryn L. , Williams Kenneth R.
Published: January 2005

Enzymatic digestion of proteins is a key technique used in protein identification. By combining the digestion with mass spectrometric detection, proteins at very low femtomole levels, and in some cases subfemtomole levels, can be identified. Typically, one‐ or two‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE is used to isolate the proteins of interest, followed by staining with Coomassie blue, digestion‐compatible silver stain, or Sypro Ruby for detection. Two‐dimensional (2‐D) fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE), which uses Cy3 and Cy5 dyes for detection, allows comparison of two different sample states in order to locate proteins that are up‐ or down‐regulated. In each case, an in‐gel digestion, usually tryptic, is used with mass spectrometry to identify these proteins of interest. For large numbers of gel spots, robotic digestion can save time and money.
Identifying Protein Interactions by Hydroxyl‐Radical Protein Footprinting
Authors: Loizos Nick
Published: January 2005

Hydroxyl‐radical protein footprinting is a straightforward and direct method to map protein sites involved in macromolecular interactions. The first step is to radioactively end‐label the protein. Using hydroxyl radicals as a peptide backbone cleavage reagent, the protein is then cleaved in the absence and presence of ligand. Cleavage products are separated by high resolution gel electrophoresis. The digital image of the footprinting gel can be subjected to quantitative analysis to identify changes in the sensitivity of the protein to hydroxyl‐radical cleavage. Molecular weight markers are electrophoresed on the same gel and hydroxyl‐radical cleavage sites assigned by interpolation between the known cleavage sites of the markers. The results are presented in the form of a difference plot that shows regions of the protein that change their susceptibility to cleavage while bound to a ligand.
The 4‐Methylthio‐1‐Butyl Group for Phosphate/Thiophosphate Protection in Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Synthesis
Authors: Cieślak Jacek , Grajkowski Andrzej , Livengood Victor , Beaucage Serge L.
Published: January 2005

The detailed preparation of deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites functionalized with a 4‐methylthio‐1‐butyl group for P(III) protection is described, along with the incorporation of these phosphoramidites into DNA oligonucleotides via solid‐phase techniques. The versatility of the thermolabile 4‐methylthio‐1‐butyl phosphate/thiophosphate‐protecting group is exemplified through its facile removal from oligonucleotides under neutral conditions or under standard basic conditions. The sulfonium salt that is produced during the thermolytic deprotection of oligonucleotides did not alter DNA nucleobases or desulfurize phosphorothioate diesters to a significant extent.
Site‐Specific Fluorescent Labeling of Large RNAs with Pyrene
Authors: Smalley Mary K. , Silverman Scott K.
Published: January 2005

Pyrene is a useful chromophore for monitoring the tertiary structure and folding of large RNAs. This unit describes the general preparation of a large RNA (>80 nucleotides in length) that has been site‐specifically modified with pyrene at the 2′‐position of an individual internal nucleotide. A protocol is provided for derivatizing a 2′‐amino‐RNA oligonucleotide with a suitably activated pyrene reagent. This pyrene‐labeled oligonucleotide is then assembled with other RNA(s) either by covalent ligation or by noncovalent hybridization to form a full‐length structured RNA, which may then be studied by equilibrium and stopped‐flow fluorescence spectroscopy.
Preparation of α‐Oxo Semicarbazone Oligonucleotide Microarrays
Authors: Melnyk Oleg , Olivier Christophe , Ollivier Nathalie , Lemoine Yves , Hot David , Huot Ludovic , Gouyette Catherine
Published: January 2005

This unit describes the preparation of α‐oxo aldehyde functionalized oligodeoxynucleotides, the preparation and characterization of semicarbazide glass slides, and the fabrication of α‐oxo semicarbazone microarrays by site‐specific ligation of α‐oxo‐aldehyde oligodeoxynucleotides to the semicarbazide glass slides. The α‐oxo aldehyde group COCHO is extensively used in ligation chemistry for the preparation of large molecular constructs. It is stable toward air oxidation and mainly present in aqueous solution in the hydrated form COC(OH)2. It reacts efficiently with hydrazine derivatives, in particular, with the semicarbazide group. The reaction occurs spontaneously in water at pH 5.5. Site‐specific immobilization of glyoxylyl oligodeoxynucleotides on semicarbazide glass slides allows the preparation of high‐quality microarrays that can be used directly in hybridization experiments.
Measurement of Intracellular Ions by Flow Cytometry
Authors: June Carl H. , Moore Jonni S.
Published: January 2005

The recent development of a number of new fluorescent probes makes it possible to measure the concentrations of various intracellular free ions in single living cells. Among these ions are calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and hydrogen (pH). This unit describes flow cytometric protocols using the dyes Indo‐1 AM, Fluo‐3, and Fura Red AM to measure intracellular calcium concentration. Support protocols detail the use of calcium buffers to calibrate a flow cytometric calcium assay, and methods to facilitate dye loading; an alternate protocol describes the use of a spectrofluorimeter to measure intracellular calcium for those investigators without access to a flow cytometer.
Isolation of Synaptic Vesicles
Authors: Craige Branch , Salazar Gloria , Faundez Victor
Published: January 2005

Synaptic vesicles are the most abundant secretory organelle in eukaryotic neural cells. Synaptic vesicles are physically distinct from other membrane‐bound organelles because they are small, spherical, and highly uniform in size with a diameter of about 40 nm. Synaptic vesicles also have a characteristically low density because water and phospholipids account for 88% of an individual synaptic vesicle's weight. The homogeneous size and density of the synaptic vesicle are characteristics that are exploited in most synaptic vesicle isolation procedures. Synaptic vesicles are purified by isopycnic/velocity sedimentation and size‐based purification schemes. However, protocols differ in the tissue source of vesicles, the way the tissue is homogenized, and the way the vesicles are fractionated. This unit describes two well‐characterized and widely used synaptic vesicle isolation procedures that are capable of generating membrane fractions that are 20 to 30 times enriched in synaptic vesicles.
Non‐Radioactive Quantification of Fibronectin Matrix Assembly
Authors: Pankov Roumen , Yamada Kenneth M.
Published: January 2005

This unit provides a basic protocol for non‐radioactive determination of the rate of incorporation of biotinylated fibronectin into the insoluble matrix organized by cultured cells. The protocol provides quantification of changes in matrix assembly due to different experimental conditions with concomitant determinations of the activation state of various signaling molecules that may be involved in the process of matrix assembly. This unit also provides a support protocol for biotinylation of purified fibronectin.
Detection of Mitotic Figures and Components of the Mitotic Machinery
Authors: Bayani Jane , Squire Jeremy A.
Published: January 2005

Mitotic figures have provided important information on the mechanisms behind observed chromosomal aberrations. Variations in cell culturing and fixation methods enhance the visualization of mitotic figures. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry using a host of antibodies against protein structures involved in the cell cycle, as well as against those components involved in anchoring chromosomal structures, can reveal changes in chromosomal segregation.
Analyzing Networks with VisANT
Authors: Hu Zhenjun , Mellor Joseph , DeLisi Charles
Published: January 2005

The VisANT tool, accessible from any recent Java‐enabled browser, is a platform‐independent, flexible, Web‐enabled program for quick and simple construction, visualization, and analysis of molecular and higher order networks based on functional (e.g., expression profiles, phylogenetic profiles) and physical (e.g., yeast two‐hybrid, chromatin‐immunoprecipitation) relations from either the Predictome database or user‐defined data sets. Analysis capabilities include identification of feed‐forward and ‐back loops, shortest paths, and node degree distribution. Additionally, network constructs can be saved, accessed, and shared online. VisANT is able to develop and display meta‐networks for meta‐nodes that are structural complexes or pathways (soon including nodes representing any kind of dense cluster). Further, VisANT supports a growing number of standard exchange formats and database referencing standards, e.g., KEGG/KGML, BioPAX (in progress), GenBank, Gene Ontology. Multiple species are supported to the extent that computed or experimental evidence of interactions or associations are available (i.e., public datasets or Predictome database).
Predicting the Secondary Structure Common to Two RNA Sequences with Dynalign
Authors: Mathews David
Published: January 2005

Dynalign is a dynamic programming algorithm for the simultaneous prediction of the lowest‐free‐energy secondary structure common to two RNA sequences and the alignment of the two sequences. It has been shown that the average accuracy of secondary structure prediction is improved using Dynalign, as compared to free‐energy minimization of a single sequence. This unit provides protocols for using Dynalign on a Microsoft Windows platform as part of the RNAstructure package, and for compiling and using Dynalign on Unix/Linux computers.
Influence of recorder affect on the content of behavioural diaries and the recall of behaviours
Authors: Raymark Patrick H. , Skowronski John J. , Bevard Linda A. , Hamann Susan A.
Published: January 2005

Two experiments are described. In Experiment 1, supervisors (N = 4) kept daily performance diaries for each of four subordinates over an eight‐week period. In Experiment 2, students (N = 48) kept behavioural diaries for their instructor over a three‐week period. Daily measures of positive and negative affect were used to predict the favourability, person‐typicality and behavioural specificity of diary entries. Diary‐keepers tended to record behaviours that were consistent with their affect levels. Analyses of the variability of the favourability and person‐typicality ratings further suggested that high negative affect induced diary‐keepers to make fine discriminations among events, while high positive affect induced diary‐keepers to perceive events as similar. Diary‐keeper affect and the three diary content variables were used to predict memory for the diary entries. Diary‐keepers in Experiment 1 reported higher recall for negative behaviours than for positive behaviours, particularly if the behaviours were typical of others. This same negativity effect in recall emerged in Experiment 2, but only when there was low consistency in the positive affect experienced by diary‐keepers at encoding and recall. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recounting the same events again and again: children's consistency across multiple interviews
Authors: Peterson Carole , Moores Lisa , White Gina
Published: January 2005

Children (2–13 years at time of injury) were interviewed four times about an injury that required hospital Emergency Room treatment, namely at 1 week, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. The consistency of children's reports was assessed and all children gave mostly the same information at each interview, although consistency was higher for older children and for injury rather than hospital details. Furthermore, details recalled at every interview were virtually always accurate while details that were sometimes omitted were a little less likely to be accurate. New information that was introduced after 6 months was more likely to be accurate than inaccurate but new information introduced at 1 or 2 years post‐injury was just as likely to be wrong as right (except for 12–13‐year‐olds). Implications for forensic situations are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GTIDHNIHS: I knew‐it‐all‐along
Authors: Hom Harry L. , Ciaramitaro Maria
Published: January 2005

Individuals who do insight problems are highly susceptible to hindsight bias. Two sets of studies assessed the impact of hindsight consequences on participants' judgements about anagram difficulty and specific factors for performance. In the first set, hindsight participants underestimated anagram difficulty relative to participants with task experience (worksight). Also, supportive evidence revealed that hindsight consequences were related to self‐perceptions of confidence, ability, performance satisfaction, and subsequent performance expectations. In the second, two different hindsight techniques differentially impacted the participant's assessment of anagram difficulty. When comparing hindsight participants with and without worksight experience, the latter judged the anagrams to be easier. It is appropriate to examine further the cognitive and motivational consequences of hindsight bias in achievement situations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Now you see it; now you don't: inhibiting recall and recognition of scenes
Authors: Wright Daniel B. , Loftus Elizabeth F. , Hall Melanie
Published: January 2005

Postevent misleading information can distort people's memories by altering and adding scenes. But can you also inhibit the retrieval of information from memory? In two studies we show that postevent information can make memory for a scene less accessible. In both studies participants first saw an event (e.g. a restaurant scene displayed in slides, or a drunk‐driving incident shown via a video clip). Later they were shown the same event without a critical scene and were told either to use this to generate a story (Experiment 1) or to imagine the event (Experiment 2). Finally they were tested. Relative to controls, this postevent omission led to fewer people reporting the critical scene in free recall and in recognition. Thus, we demonstrated that it may be possible to inhibit memories. This finding has important implications for eyewitness testimony and the recovered memory debate. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On a class of switched, robustly stable, adaptive systems
Authors: Pait Felipe M. , Kassab Fuad
Published: January 2005

A class of switched algorithms for adaptive control of siso linear systems is described. The systems considered are assumed to belong to one among a finite number of classes of admissible process models, and each class is robustly stabilizable by some linear time‐invariant controller. The control used is chosen in real time by a tuner or supervisor, according to observations of suitably defined ‘identification errors.’ The method preserves the robustness properties of the linear control design in an adaptive context, thus extending earlier ideas in multiple‐model adaptive control by presenting a more flexible and less conservative framework for considering such systems. One motivating application is fault‐tolerant control. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unfalsified direct adaptive control of a two‐link robot arm
Authors: Tsao Tung‐Ching , Safonov Michael G.
Published: January 2005

An application of unfalsified control theory to the design of a switching adaptive controller for a non‐linear robot manipulator is described. In the unfalsified control approach, candidate controllers are eliminated and discarded when their ability to meet performance goals is falsified by evolving experimental data. Switching occurs when the currently active control law is among those falsified. In this design study, the candidate controllers are non‐linear, and have a non‐linear ‘computed torque’ control structure with four switchable parameters corresponding to unknown masses, inertias and other dynamical coefficients of a class of ideal, but imperfect robot arm models. Simulations confirm that our unfalsified switching controller permits significantly more precise and rapid parameter adjustments than a conventional adaptation law having continuous parameter update rules, especially when the manipulator arm is subject to sudden random changes in mass or load properties. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of the design parameters of multimodel adaptive control on the performance of a flexible transmission system
Authors: Karimi Alireza , Landau Ioan Doré , Motee Nader
Published: January 2005

Design parameters selection in the multimodel adaptive control based on switching and tuning will be investigated. Some design parameters like number of fixed and adaptive models, forgetting factor and minimum time delay between switchings will be considered. A recently developed parameter adaptation algorithm based on closed‐loop output error will be compared with the classical least‐squares prediction error algorithm in the multimodel adaptive control. The effects of these parameters on the performance in tracking and in regulation of a flexible transmission system will be studied via several simulation examples. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supervisory field‐oriented control of induction motors with uncertain rotor resistance
Authors: Chang G. W. , Hespanha J. P. , Morse A. S. , Netto M. S. , Ortega R.
Published: January 2005

It is well known that the performance of the (industry standard) field‐oriented control (FOC) for induction motors is highly sensitive to uncertainties in the rotor resistance. In this paper we describe how to use supervisory control to obtain an adaptive implementation of FOC for current‐fed machines. The unknown rotor resistance is assumed to belong to a discrete set, while the uncertain load torque ranges in a given compact set. Even though no restrictions area prioriimposed on the size of these sets, their definitions reflect the prior knowledge of the designer, which is effectively incorporated in the supervisory control algorithm. The supervisor selects from these sets values for the parameters to be applied to the FOC, a choice that is made by continuously comparing suitably defined performance signals. We prove that the proposed supervisor achievesglobal stabilizationof the system when the load torque is known to belong to a given finite set of values. Apparently, this is the first globally convergent adaptive algorithm for current‐fed machines which simply adds adaptation to the widely popular FOC and is not a radically new complicated controller, hence it is more likely to be adopted by practitioners. Some simulation results illustrate the properties of the algorithm. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interstitial deletion 11(p11.12p11.2) and analphoid marker formation results in inherited Potocki–Shaffer syndrome
Authors: Chuang Louise , Wakui Keiko , Sue Whey‐Chen , Su Mei‐Hsu , Shaffer Lisa G. , Kuo Pao‐Lin
Published: January 2005

We report a family with inherited Potocki–Shaffer syndrome. The phenotypically normal mother has an interstitial deletion of 11(p11.12p11.2) with neocentric marker chromosome formation. The marker chromosome contains the deleted material on 11p11.2 and is likely a ring. The patient inherited a maternal deleted chromosome 11 but not the marker chromosome, thus resulting in an unbalanced karyotype along with the phenotype of Potocki–Shaffer syndrome. The deleted region in our case—11p11.12p11.2—is a newly reported site of constitutional neocentromere formation. This is also the first report describing deletion of 11p11.12‐p11.2 and neocentromere formation resulting in inherited Potocki–Shaffer syndrome. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trisomy 15q25.2‐qter in an autistic child: Genotype–phenotype correlations
Authors: Bonati Maria Teresa , Finelli Palma , Giardino Daniela , Gottardi Giulietta , Roberts Wendy , Larizza Lidia
Published: January 2005

We report on the case of a male child with autistic disorder, postnatal overgrowth, and a minor brain malformation. Karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed the presence of an extra copy of the distal portion of chromosome 15q (15q25.2‐qter) transposed to chromosome 15p leading to 15q25.2‐qter pure trisomy. This karyotype–phenotype study further supports the evidence for a specific phenotype related to trisomy 15q25 or 26‐qter and suggests that distal chromosome 15q may be implicated in specific behavioral phenotypes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolated elevated sweat chloride concentrations in the presence of the rare mutation S1455X: An extremely mild form of CFTR dysfunction
Authors: Salvatore Donatello , Tomaiuolo Rossella , Vanacore Borghina , Elce Ausilia , Castaldo Giuseppe , Salvatore Francesco
Published: January 2005

Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) have been shown to cause typical cystic fibrosis (CF) and several milder phenotypes. We report on two asymptomatic sisters who had isolated increased sweat chloride concentrations, and in whom systematic scanning of the whole coding region of the CFTR gene revealed the F508del/S1455X genotype. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DLX3 mutation associated with autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism
Authors: Dong Juan , Amor David , Aldred Michael J. , Gu TingTing , Escamilla Michael , MacDougall Mary
Published: January 2005

Amelogenesis imperfecta hypoplastic‐hypomaturation with taurodontism (AIHHT) is an autosomal dominant (AD) trait associated with enamel defects and enlarged pulp chambers. In this study, we mapped an AIHHT family to human chromosome 17 q21‐q22 (lod score 3.3) and identify a two basepair deletion (CT) at nucleotide 560 in DLX3 associated with the disease. This mutation causes a frameshift altering the last two amino acids of the DNA‐binding homeodomain introducing a premature stop codon truncating the protein by 88 amino acids. This is the first report of a mutation within the homeodomain of DLX3. Previous studies have shown a DLX3 mutation outside the homeodomain associated with tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome (TDO) suggesting TDO and some forms of AIHHT are allelic. copy; 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Craniofacial features in osteogenesis imperfecta: A cephalometric study
Authors: Waltimo‐Sirén Janna , Kolkka Marina , Pynnönen Seppo , Kuurila Kaija , Kaitila Ilkka , Kovero Outi
Published: January 2005

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of connective tissue diseases that mainly manifest as bone fragility and skeletal deformity. In most families it segregates as a dominant trait and results from mutations in type I collagen genes. In this study we analyzed the size and form of the bony structures in heads of 59 consecutive patients with OI types I, III, or IV (Sillence classification), using lateral radiographs. Paired controls were matched for gender and age. The purpose was to obtain baseline information of craniofacial development in OI patients that have not received bisphosphonate treatment. In OI type I we found smaller than normal linear measurements, indicating a general growth deficiency, but no remarkable craniofacial deformity. In OI types III and IV, the growth impairment was pronounced, and the craniofacial form was altered as a result of differential growth deficiency and bending of the skeletal head structures. We found strong support both for an abnormally ventral position of the sella region due to bending of the cranial base, and for a closing mandibular growth rotation. Vertical underdevelopment of the dentoalveolar structures and the condylar process were identified as the main reasons for the relative mandibular prognathism in OI. Despite of the widespread intervention with bisphosphonates, the facial growth impairment will probably remain characteristic for many OI patients, and their orthodontic treatment should be further developed. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lateral meningocele syndrome: Vertical transmission and expansion of the phenotype
Authors: Chen Kelly M. , Bird Lynne , Barnes Pat , Barth Richard , Hudgins Louanne
Published: January 2005

Lateral meningoceles were first described by Lehman et al. [(1977); J Pediatr 90: 49–54] in a patient with other skeletal findings and distinctive craniofacial features. Subsequently, six more patients with the so‐called lateral meningocele syndrome (LMS) have been reported. We describe the findings in three new cases and expand the phenotype. The existence of an affected mother and daughter supports the hypothesis that LMS is a dominant disorder affecting primarily the connective tissue. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mosaic monosomy of a neocentric ring chromosome maps brachyphalangy and growth hormone deficiency to 13q31.1‐13q32.3
Authors: Amor David J. , Voullaire Lucille , Bentley Karen , Savarirayan Ravi , Choo K.H. Andy
Published: January 2005

We describe a boy with moderate intellectual disability associated with distinctive hand malformations (hypoplastic and angel‐shaped middle phalanges) and partial growth hormone (GH) deficiency associated with mosaic deletion of 13q31.1‐13q32.3. The deleted segment was mapped to a 20‐Mb region bounded by BACs RP11‐1143C2 and RP11‐139C1, narrowing the previously described locus for hand malformations at this region and suggesting that a locus for GH deficiency is also present at this location. The deleted segment contains at least three candidate genes, glypican‐5, FARP1 and SOX21, that may be contributing to the phenotype in this boy. In a significant proportion (approximately 50%) of cells, the deleted region is present as a supernumerary ring chromosome stabilized by the formation of a neocentromere at 13q31‐q32, within a region with a known propensity for neocentromere formation. The ring chromosome appears to be prone to low‐level misdivision and loss in vitro which, in vivo, must be countered by selection for the balanced karyotype because the level of mosaicism has remained stable over 13 years. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nevo syndrome is allelic to the kyphoscoliotic type of the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS VIA)
Authors: Giunta Cecilia , Randolph Ann , Al‐Gazali Lihadh I. , Brunner Han G. , Kraenzlin Marius E. , Steinmann Beat
Published: January 2005

We report on seven patients affected with Nevo syndrome, a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by increased perinatal length, kyphosis, muscular hypotonia, and joint laxity. Since its first description by Nevo et al. [1974], only a few cases have been reported. Because some of these patients present clinical features similar to those of the kyphoscoliotic type of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS VIA), an inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by a deficiency of lysyl hydroxylase due to mutations in PLOD1, we studied seven patients with Nevo syndrome, three of whom have previously been reported, and four of whom are new. In the five patients from whom urine was available, the ratio of total urinary lysyl pyridinoline (LP) to hydroxylysyl pyridinoline (HP) was elevated (8.2, 7.8, 8.6, 3.5, and 4.8, respectively) compared with that in controls (0.20 ± 0.05, range 0.10–0.38), and similar to that observed in patients with EDS VIA (5.97 ± 0.99, range 4.3–8.1). Six patients were homozygous for a point mutation in exon 9 of PLOD1 causing a p.R319X nonsense mutation, while one patient was homozygous for a large deletion comprising exon 17 of PLOD1. We conclude that the Nevo syndrome is allelic to and clinically indistinguishable from EDS VIA, and present evidence that increased length at birth and wristdrop, in addition to muscular hypotonia and kyphoscoliosis, should prompt the physician to consider EDS VIA earlier than heretofore. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Supernumerary ring chromosome 20 in a mother and her child
Authors: Pinto M.R. , Fonseca e Silva M.L. , Aguiar J. , Quelhas I. , Lima M.R.
Published: January 2005

The authors report a familial case of mosaicism for an extra ring 20, identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), in a mother and her child. In spite of the fact that both patients had clinical abnormalities, the more severe phenotype present in the child was probably due to the higher percentage of abnormal cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a familial extra ring 20 mosaicism. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A dominantly inherited spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with “corner fractures” and congenital scoliosis
Authors: Sutton V. Reid , Hyland James C. , Phillips William A. , Schlesinger Alan E. , Brill Paula W.
Published: January 2005

Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMD) is a term applied to a varied group of skeletal dysplasias that principally involve the spine and the metaphyses of long bones. SMD Sutcliffe or “Corner Fracture” type is characterized by short stature, developmental coxa vara, fragmented appearance of the metaphyses (“corner fractures”), abnormally shaped vertebrae, odontoid hypoplasia, and dominant inheritance. We report a family with a dominantly inherited SMD with “corner fractures” and severe, congenital scoliosis but neither coxa vara nor odontoid abnormalities. This could either represent phenotypic variability in SMD‐“Corner Fracture” type, or be a new, dominantly inherited SMD. The presence of severe, congenital scoliosis and short stature is present in all members of this family, and not typically seen in SMD‐“Corner Fracture” type, supporting our hypothesis that this might represent a new, dominantly inherited SMD. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial neurocardiogenic (vasovagal) syncope
Authors: Newton Julia L. , Kerr Simon , Pairman Jessie , McLaren Andrew , Norton Michael , Kenny Rose Anne , Morris Christopher M.
Published: January 2005

Vasovagal syncope (VSS) is an exaggerated tendency towards the common faint caused by a sudden and profound hypotension with or without bradycardia. The etiology of VVS is unknown though several lines of evidence indicate central and peripheral abnormalities of sympathetic function. Studies however indicate a strong heritable component to the etiology of VVS in over 20% of cases. Here, we report the findings from a family that shows apparently autosomal dominant VVS in at least three generations. Clinical findings included an absence of any discernible cardiac or autonomic abnormalities and reproducible hypotension on tilt table testing in affected family members. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GJB2 mutations: Passage through Iran
Authors: Najmabadi Hossein , Nishimura Carla , Kahrizi Kimia , Riazalhosseini Yasser , Malekpour Mahdi , Daneshi Ahmad , Farhadi Mohammad , Mohseni Marzieh , Mahdieh Nejat , Ebrahimi Ahmad , Bazazzadegan Niloofar , Naghavi Anoosh , Avenarius Matthew , Arzhangi Sanaz , Smith Richard J.H.
Published: January 2005

Hereditary hearing loss (HHL) is a very common disorder. When inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, it typically presents as an isolated finding. Interestingly and unexpectedly, in spite of extreme heterogeneity, mutations in one gene, GJB2, are the most common cause of congenital severe‐to‐profound deafness in many different populations. In this study, we assessed the contributions made by GJB2 mutations and chromosome 13 g.1777179_2085947del (the deletion more commonly known as del (GJB6‐D13S1830) that includes a portion of GJB6 and is hereafter called Δ(GJB6‐D13S1830)) to the autosomal recessive non‐syndromic deafness (ARNSD) genetic load in Iran. Probands from 664 different nuclear families were investigated. GJB2‐related deafness was found in 111 families (16.7%). The carrier frequency of the 35delG mutation showed a geographic variation that is supported by studies in neighboring countries. Δ(GJB6‐D13S1830) was not found. Our prevalence data for GJB2‐related deafness reveal a geographic pattern that mirrors the south‐to‐north European gradient and supports a founder effect in southeastern Europe. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.