bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Boundary Element Method for Circulating Thermal Resistance of U-Tube Underground Heat Exchanger
Authors: Liu Yi , Shi Yang , Zhang Ya Ning
Published: June 2014

The boundary element method was introduced to calculate the thermal resistance between pipe outside surface and the borehole inner surface of vertical U-shaped pipe underground heat exchanger. The effects of U-tube diameter, borehole diameter and tube spacing on the thermal resistance were also discussed. The results showed that it took only 10 min to complete a simulation of an underground heat pump running continually for 1000 h, which took least 3 h to complete the same cycle through finite volume method. When the thermal conductivity λ of the backfill material was 1.8 W/m2·K, the thermal resistance of the U-shaped pipe decreased with the increase in the tube spacing, it decreased with the increase in the U-tube diameter, however, it increased when the borehole diameter increased.
A Review of LNG Applied and Security Researches
Authors: Ji Chao , Liu Xuan Ya , Xu Xiao Yuan , Yu Nian Hao , Zhu Hong Ya
Published: June 2014

This review summarizes the research status of LNG including bulk usage status of LNG, fire risk in transport or storage, research work and progress about the behavior of LNG spills; rollover; pool fires; and explosion. The paper analyses the LNG widespread bulk usage trends in application as a new type of energy and discusses its characters and the further understanding about the security in using LNG.
Optimization Design and Simulation Study of a CPC for LFR System
Authors: Wang Cheng Long , Ma Jun , Fan Duo Wang
Published: June 2014

A CPC for LFR system was designed and its mathematical model was established. Maximum acceptance angle and truncation ratio was optimized to 45° and 0.75, which two elements mainly affect the optical performance of CPC. Moreover, the non-uniform of incident angle can considerably improve the CPC concentration ratio. Results show that the CPC with 475.49mm opening width could achieve a high concentrate ratio reach up to 80.15%. This conclusion was further verified by an experimental measurement results.
Capacity Configuration of BESS as an Alternative to Coal-Fired Power Units for Frequency Control
Authors: Ding Dong , Li Jian Lin , Yang Shui Li , Wu Xiao Gang , Liu Zong Qi
Published: June 2014

Coal-fired power units show defects in meeting the demands of maintaining power system frequency stability. This is mainly due to their inherent characteristics and a continuous increase in renewable generation. Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) has such advantages as fast response and precise tracking, thus may be a new frequency regulation method. On basis of the principle of energy storage for regulation, capacity configuration of energy storage is made as an alternative to coal-fired power unit accounting for both primary and secondary frequency regulation. Example calculations and simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK are conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed capacity configuration methods and the reliability of the energy storage system for regulation.
Based on the Hybrid Energy Storage System in the Application of Stable DC Bus Voltage
Authors: Wu Yang Yang , Liu You Kuan , Tian Pei
Published: June 2014

Due to the large number of distributed power supply random connected to power grid, it has severely influenced on power quality of the grid. In the storage battery directly on the basis of the DC bus, adopting the method of hybrid energy storage system makes a research on the output characteristics of photovoltaic array and the charging and discharging of battery and super capacitor. Research results show that the hybrid energy storage system can take advantage of the DC/DC converter to coordinate photovoltaic array, energy storage unit and the energy flows among load, also that the stability of DC bus voltage can be ensured by the system switch from the different work patterns.
Research on the Maximum Penetration Level of Grid-Connected PV in Distribution Network Taking into Account On-Load-Changing of the Transformer
Authors: Hu Jian Tao , Yao Meng , Wang Hai Ming , Wang Ning
Published: June 2014

The grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) has series of effects on the distribution network, the effects become increasing with the PV capacity continues to increase, so, the research on the maximum penetration level of Grid-connected PV the power system can accommodate is very important. In this paper, the influences of connecting PV to the distribution network is firstly analyzed, An calculation model is proposed for computing the maximum penetration level of Grid-connected PV to insure every node voltage not beyond limits, taking into account on-load-changing of the transformer and the influences of PV power is completely out of operation. The experimental analysis shows that the proposed calculation model for computing the maximum capacity is feasible and effective. KETWORDS: Photovoltaic (PV);distribution network ;Maximum penetration level; on-load voltage changing
The Consistency and Safety of Power Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Hong Wei , Li Wen Tao , Xiao Hai Qing , Bai Hong , Yu Hong Mei
Published: June 2014

The consistency tests of power Li-ion batteries were researched about open circuit voltage at 20°C, 40°C and 65°C environment temperatures. The results showed that the poor consistency could affect the safety performance of the batteries. That the higher the environment temperature is, the worse the batteries consistency is. The hidden safety trouble caused by consistency could be eliminated by some methods such as selecting the cell or monitoring circuit.
SOC Estimation Strategy and its Accuracy Analysis
Authors: Yu Yuan Bin , Cai Zhou , Peng Kai , Lv Wen Qiang
Published: June 2014

Accurate battery state of charge is the prerequisite and precondition for optimal control of hybrid vehicles. This article will be based on the established dynamic model of battery, estimate the battery state of charge in real time. Firstly, analysis the application limitations of Kalman filtering algorithm estimates battery state of charge. Secondly, for some uncertain parameters contained in the model of battery system, paper proposes a parameter line identification extended Kalman filter algorithm to estimate the battery state of charge. Finally, experimental verification algorithm dynamic conditions in the battery state of charge estimation accuracy and effectiveness.
Comparative Test Research and Application of Coal Consumption On-Line Monitoring System for Energy-Saving Generation Dispatching
Authors: Wen Xian Kui , Fang Shuo , Zhong Jing Liang , Shen Zi Ming
Published: June 2014

Coal consumption characteristics data provided by on-line monitoring system are crucial for Energy-saving generation dispatching. Therefore contrastive tests are required for checking the accuracy of the coal consumption on-line monitoring system. In the paper, factors affecting coal consumption characteristics data were analyzed, methods and contents of the contrastive tests were also achieved. By comparing three test conditions with the base condition, computing program, measuring points, manual inputting data and other influencing factors were checked. This tests could provide accurate coal consumption characteristics data. This study has been applied successfully in many plant units, and the formation of local standard in Guizhou Province, China.
Influence of Condensed Water Temperature on Thermal Efficiency of Coal-Fired Power Plant and Energy Strategy
Authors: Zeng De Liang , Diao Shu Wen , Hu Yong , Gao Shan , Li Qing
Published: June 2014

For the problem of the abandoned large-scale wind power currently, in order to improve the utilization of wind power and make full use of wind resources, a method of using wind power to heat the condensed water through electrothermal furnace is proposed. On the basis of mass and energy conservation, through analyzing variable condition of the regenerative heating system and water-cooled condenser, the dynamic mathematical model is created and then the dynamic influence of condensed water temperature on the economy of thermal power plant is studied. This paper, taking a typical 660MW water-cooled unit as an example, discusses the dynamic characteristics of steam turbine and energy-saving effects of this method. Results show that obvious economic effects can be obtained through non-grid-connected wind power heating the low-pressure condensed water, which can reduce the steam extraction flow from steam turbine, improve the thermal efficiency of thermal power plant and save the amount of coal. It has positive significance to digging energy-saving potential of plant.
Research Status and Prospect of Dish-Stirling System
Authors: Wang Lin Jun , Xu Li Xiao , Men Jing , Zhang Dong , Gao Zhang Wei , Liu Wei
Published: June 2014

Solar energy is a kind of clean and green energy, its use can reduce the dual pressure of resources and environmental pollution. Firstly, this paper introduces groove, tower and dish type solar thermal power generation system. Then it introduces the components of dish-stirling system and the principle and features of stirling engine. The system has simple structure, reliable operation, high efficiency, low noise, low cost of power generation and good commercial prospects. But for some key parts of system, there are many problems that need to be solved. The main research of dish-stirling system is to optimize the key parts of system and reduce the system costs.
Practice of Energy-Saving Renovation on Tunnel Kiln for Silica Brick by New Mode
Authors: Li Shun , Zhang Gong Duo , Li Xiao Tang , Hui Yong , Xie Guo Wei
Published: June 2014

Tunnel kiln was reformed according to energy-saving mode, which was energy utilization diagnosis and analysis and energy-saving reconstruction. First, thermal performance was diagnosed, and the basic data for energy-saving reconstruction was provided through the test of tunnel kiln. Then the main factors of low thermal efficiency was found .Second the thermal balance was calculated in drying and sintering process, which determined the form of waste heat recovery and utilization system. Finally the reconstruction was implemented by three energy-saving technologies .It caused energy-saving rate reached 44%.
Study on the Method of Comprehensive Evaluation of Energy and Building Form Grade Characteristics
Authors: Di Yan Qiang , Zhao Wei , Di Hai Yan
Published: June 2014

Three evaluation indexes energy quality factor, energy grade utilization rate, matching degree can be built according to the high energy with high use, low energy with low use and taste counterpart to. Energy quality factor can quantify the energy grade of energy supply system. Energy grade utilization rate can embody rational use of terminal energy performance in the form of visual comparison. Energy grade matching degree quantitative express the link between building energy supply system and the building actual energy situation, and it directly reflects the rationality in different systems. Based on the three indicators, a scientific and reasonable evaluation method can be built with reasonable use for guiding ideology.
An Improved Bin-Packing Approach under the Consideration of Fuel Consumption for Delivery Vehicle
Authors: Yao En Jian , Wang Xue Ran , Yang Qi Rong , Hu Wei Song , Pan Zheng
Published: June 2014

With the popularity of e-commerce recently, how to control the operation cost has become an urgent issue need to be solved for all logistics company. This paper proposes an improved bin packing approach under the consideration of fuel consumption for delivery vehicle, to provide logistic company bin packing scheme with the least vehicle numbers and fuel consumption. First, with the consideration of controlling logistics costs, a multi-objective function is built to minimize the number of vehicles and the fuel consumption during delivery. Then a simulated annealing algorithm with improved neighborhood operations is proposed to solve the joint optimization problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is evaluated. The results show the proposed approach can effectively reduce logistics costs compared with the conventional bin packing approach and is helpful for reducing fuel consumption by balancing the weight among different vehicles.
Research on the Thermo-Economics Calculation Model for Indirect Air-Cooled System
Authors: Cong Jiang , Hui Yu
Published: June 2014

Based on the research about the part load operation calculation model of condenser pressure and theoretical scrupulous induction,this paper provides the calculation model about the influence parameters of cold end system for thermo-economics in Hailler indirect air-cooled system,and it can provide a strong theoretical basis for improving the performance of Hailler cold end system.
Analysis of China’s Provincial Energy Efficiency Based on the Generalized DEA Method
Authors: Li Hui Min , Li Cun Bin , Ma Zhan Xin
Published: June 2014

In recent years, with the rapid economic growth, the demand on the amount of energy in China is increasing. So the problem of how to improve the energy utilization efficiency and save energy consumption has to be tackled. The traditional CCR model and BCC model used in the study of provincial energy efficiency do not take the impact of technological progress into consideration. Therefore, the paper uses the generalized DEA method to research the energy utilization efficiency of China’s 29 provinces, that is, to evaluate and analyze the energy utilization efficiency by selecting the capital stock, employment and total energy consumption of China’s provinces as input factors and GDP, per capital GDP as output factors, and then draw tables showing each province’s change of average annual overall efficiency and the pure technology changes, and finally analyze the regularities underlying these changes.
Application Study on Low Vacuum Circulating Water Heat Supply of a 50 MW Turbine
Authors: Tu Shan , Zhou Qi , Jian Jian Liu , Ding Cong Qiang , Wu Shu Ming
Published: June 2014

This topic mainly research the high back pressure heat supply technology of steam turbine generator unit and the correlation analysis of turbine under high back pressure operating condition. High back pressure heat supply is an energy saving technology developed in order to meet the requirements of energy saving and environmental protection. This technology can not only reduce the cold end losses to improve the thermal efficiency of power plant, but also decrease the energy loss and pollution emissions because it take the place of traditional heating boiler. High back pressure heat supply of steam turbine is to increase the quantity of air inlet and outlet as well as exhaust temperature through improving turbine back pressure. For condensing steam turbine unit of 50 MW studied in this article, back pressure of which rise to 0.032MPa from 0.0046MPa, and the exhaust temperature will increase to 70 °C respectively. Through the calculation of rated condition and variable condition, we can obtain the impact to the unit due to the change of back pressure, and for unit of 50 MW can reduce 30876.9 tons of standard coal consumption in a heating period. It can also decrease the emission of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, smoke and ashes, which effect of energy saving and emission reducing is very obvious.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Energy-Saving Amorphous Alloy Transformer in Distribution Grid
Authors: Lu Yun Cai , Li Wei , Wu Peng , Wei Chao
Published: June 2014

Firstly, this paper introduces the development of amorphous alloy transformer. According to the technical characteristics of amorphous alloy transformer and the application of Jiangsu power, the comprehensive evaluation about amorphous alloy transformer from the safety performance, the economic performance and the environmental impact are studied comparing with S11 type, S13 type and S15 type transformer. In the safety performance, overload capacity and over-excitation ability of amorphous alloy transformer is insufficient; in the economic performance, low no-load loss, high efficiency, energy saving effect of amorphous alloy transformer is obvious; in terms of environmental impact, the audible noise level of amorphous alloy transformer is higher than that of conventional transformer, and manufacturers need to study to reduce the noise level. Finally, the application recommends of amorphous alloy transformer is presented based on comprehensive evaluation.
Intelligent Teaching-Building Lighting Control System Based on PLC
Authors: Sheng Si Qing , Yang Fan
Published: June 2014

Aimed at energy-saving, an intelligent teaching building lighting control system based on PLC is designed. Keeping PLC as the core, the system consists of an illumination measurement module (for measuring the light intensity in classrooms), a statistic module (for counting students in classrooms), a human body existence detecting module (for identifying distribution zones of human bodies in classrooms), and an A/D conversion module. The hardware and main program of the system have been introduced respectively. By using the system, the lights can be turned on or off automatically according to the brightness, the students number and students location in classrooms. The system can also be changed into manually control mode for emergency of PLC fault or other special need.
Technologies to Reduce Optical Losses of Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Gu Yu Qin , Xue Chun Rong , Zheng Ming Liang
Published: June 2014

Optical losses chiefly effect the power from a solar cell by lowering the short-circuit current. There are a number of ways to reduce the optical losses, which includes top contact coverage of the cell surface can be minimized, anti-reflection coatings can be used on the top surface of the cell, reflection can be reduced by surface texturing, and the optical path length in the solar cell may be increased by a combination of surface texturing and light trapping. This work discusses all of the methods to reduce optical losses of silicon solar cells. Surface texturing, either in combination with an anti-reflection coating or by itself, can be used to minimize reflection, but the large reflection loss can be reduced significantly via a suitable anti-reflecting coatings. Significant improvement of the short circuit current after light trapping design was observed. In addition to these methods, top contact design of silicon solar cells is important. The design of the top contact involves the minimization of the finger and busbar resistance, and the overall reduction of losses associated with the top contact.
Numerical Research in Effects of Baffles on Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Tunnel Kiln’s Flue Gas Heat Exchanger
Authors: Li Jie
Published: June 2014

In order to investigate effects of baffles on heat transfer characteristics of a tunnel kiln’s flue gas heat exchanger, the flow fields and temperature fields in two exchangers, one with baffles and the other without, under operative conditions, are separately simulated by using FLUENT code. According to simulation results, average temperature at the air outlet and average pressure at the air inlet of the exchanger with baffles are separately 67.2°C and 265 Pa, and those in the case of the exchanger without baffles are respectively 60.4°C and 240 Pa. Reasons why the baffles exert high influence on heat transfer characteristics of the exchanger are analyzed. On basis of the data and analysis, two conclusions are drawn: (1) Installation of baffles exerts high influence on heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger studied. (2) The reason why the baffles could exert such influence is that the baffles prevent much air from flowing into external zones of the baffles, so in per unit time more air exchanges heat energy with hot walls of heat exchange tubes, which are in internal zones of the baffles.
Compare and Analyze of the Definition and Development of Distributed Generation in China and Abroad
Authors: Huang Bi Bin
Published: June 2014

As the positive and important supplement to large-scale power generation, distributed generation (DG) will become key measure to promote energy conservation and solve the problems of climate change in China. Due to absence of universal authoritative definition of DG, this paper summarizes the basic characteristic of DG based on the definitions in typical countries (or organizations) and carried out general definition of DG considering our national conditions and power grid features. From the views of resource, incentive policy and industry, this paper analyzed the fundamental for DG development and compared the development status in typical countries.
CH4 Decomposition over Pyrolysis Residue of Sewage Sludge under Microwave Heating
Authors: Deng Wen Yi , Liu Shu Gang , Su Ya Xin
Published: June 2014

The microwave-assisted CH4 decomposition over a pyrolysis residue of sewage sludge (PRSS), which acted as a microwave receptor and a low-cost catalyst without further activation, was investigated in a multimode microwave reactor. The results indicated that the microwave heating of PRSS is heavily influenced by atmosphere. The PRSS temperature in CH4, N2 and H2 atmosphere follow the sequence of TCH4 < TH2 <TN2. PRSS shows excellent initial activity for methane decomposition, but it deactivated very quickly. It was inferred that the fast deactivation of PRSS was mainly caused by temperature falling in CH4 atmosphere.
Detailed Characteristic Comparison between PEN of Planar SOFC Prepared by APS and SPS
Authors: Yang Yun Zhen , Xia Wei Sheng
Published: June 2014

On the help of the atmosphere plasma spraying (APS) and suspension plasma spraying (SPS) conditions optimized previously, APS and SPS were both introduced to prepare the PEN (Positive- Electrolyte-Negative) of planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Then the microstructure and material components of the PEN cells were analyzed. Experimental results show that the electrolyte layer fabricated by SPS represents higher densification, thinner thickness and more homogeneous component distribution than that manufactured by APS, and meets the microstructure and density requirements of SOFC. The porosities of cathode and anode layers by APS and SPS reached 25%-35%. Therefore, the SPS could be a better and suitable approach to fabricate PENs of SOFC stacks, and effectively improve the conductivity of electrodes.
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 on Au/TiO2 Nanocomposite Film
Authors: Wang Shuo , Li Yi Chen , Song Chao , Liu En Zhou , Fan Jun
Published: June 2014

Plasmonic Au decorated TiO2 nanosheet film was firstly prepared by the combination of a hydrothermal method and a microwave-assisted chemical reduction process. The prepared sample was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis absorption spectrum (UV-vis) and photoluminescence spectrum (PL) respectively. Results show that Au nanoparticles with narrow distribution are uniformly loaded on the nanosheet surface, and the resulted composite nanostructure exhibits distinct surface plasmon absorption and quenched photoluminescence compared to pure TiO2 nanostructure. Photocatalytic tests show that Au decorated TiO2 exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol.
Synthesis of Vitamin B12 Artificial Antigen and Determination of Hapten Coupling Ratio
Authors: Yang Fan Fan , Zhu Li Xin , Liu Ren Rong , Xu Long , Wei Meng
Published: June 2014

Vitamin B12 (vB12) was coupled to cBSA by N,N'-Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) method. The result was confirmed by UV spectrum analysis. It showed that vB12 conjugates (vB12-cBSA) were successfully synthesized. By using UV scanning the coupling ratio of artificial antigen was determined which was 6:1. The successful synthesis of vitamin B12 artificial antigen is important to establish immunoassay for determining vitamin B12
The Nanofiltration Technology of Metoprolol in the Water Environment
Authors: Wang Xin Miao , Yang Hai Yan
Published: June 2014

Metoprolol (MET) is a common kind of Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), which belongs to a new type of organic micropollutants. And conventional water and wastewater treatment technology cannot remove the MET effectively, so it is necessary to adopt nanofiltration technology for advanced treatment. The influence factors on removal of Metoprolol (MET) in water by nanofiltration are mainly investigated in the study. According to the results, the removal rate of MET by nanofiltration all can reach more than 99% with the initial concentration increasing. Then the removal rate of MET by nanofiltration at different pressure values, pH, salt ionic strength conditions are also studied. The results have shown that the removal rate is increasing from 90.0% to about 99.0% while pressure goes up. When pH=5, the removal rate of MET by nanofiltration is slightly increasing. And the removal rate is decreasing from more than 98.0% to more than 92.0% with salt ionic strength increasing.
The Research and Application of Efficient Dust Control System for Whole-Rock Comprehensive Mechanization Driving Face
Authors: Nie Wen , Wang Nai Guo , Cheng Wei Min , Ma You Ying , Sun Ya Ru
Published: June 2014

To prevent high concentration dust on whole-rock comprehensive mechanization driving face efficiently, air curtain dust drawing and purification system were developed. This system is consisted of two sections, air curtain dust drawing device and dust purification system device. It determines optimized parameters of air curtain drawing dust device by combining site actual conditions and has realized short distance 3d dust absorbing and random movement. After using the efficient dust control system for whole-rock comprehensive mechanization driving face on south main return way,the average dust-laying rate of total coal dust and respirable dust in manually operation department, respectively reach 91.6% and 90.5%.It shows that this system is a efficient means for dust control of whole-rock comprehensive mechanization driving face.
Analysis of Chronic Diseases in Technology Universities Faculty
Authors: Chen Jia Li
Published: June 2014

As people’s life style, living environment, and nutritional and dietary pattern change, noninfectious chronic diseases have become common and frequently occurring diseases .In recent years, detection rate of chronic diseases in university teachers increases as time goes by and their health status is not optimistic. This paper summarizes documents illustrating the foregoing issue and indicates that hyperlipemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia etc. have become principal risk factors threatening the health of university teachers and staff members. Hyperlipemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia etc. are closely related with chronic diseases such as cardio-cerebrovascular disease and they interact as both cause and effect.Changing unhealthy life style and reducing blood lipid, blood pressure and blood glucose to normal level is critical to prevent cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, which is also important to prevent diseases among knowledgeable people。
Sargassum Fusiforme and Karenia Mikimotoi
Authors: Sun Hui Fang , Sun Fan , Ling Jia Wen
Published: June 2014

The allelopathic effect of fresh tissue and water-soluble extract of sea weed Sargassum fusiforme on the growth of algae Karenia mikimotoi was studied using co-culture method.The results showed that fresh tissue, and water-soluble extract of the sea weed had significant inhibition on the growth of the algae, the fresh tissue and water-soluble extract had lethal effect on the algae at a higher concentration and the test of time long enough.The experimental phenomena described that Sargassum fusiforme had produced allelochemicals inhibition the growth of algae Michaelis mikimotoi.
The Role of Health Management in Commercial Medical Insurance Cost Control
Authors: Ying Huang , Shen Ting , Gu Wan Ran , Li Qun
Published: June 2014

The sharp increase in medical insurance cost has become a common concern of the world. In the process of commercial health insurance, academics, government and related departments usually lamented that medical service institutions don’t cooperate on the implementation of risk control measures. They often complained that the insured's moral hazard problem at the medical process. The control measures of the medical insurance cost mostly focused on internal underwriting and claims assessment, rarely focused on mobilization the initiative of the medical service provider and the recipient controlling the expenses. Combination of the cost control management of commercial medical insurance and health management is an effective method. We can shift funds usage patterns to a certain extent and strengthen preventive health input to the insured, in order to achieve the multi-effective cooperation and win-win.
Chemical Speciation of Heavy Metals and Trace Element in Urban Street Dusts of Beijing, China
Authors: Dong Li Ming , Zhao Yu , Qin Ze Min , Zhou Lian Tong , Chen Su
Published: June 2014

Sequential extraction was used to characteristic the heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb) and trace element (As) studied in these urban dusts. The ratio of the average total content (F1+F2+F3+F4+R) to the corresponding background value of Beijing soil decreased in the order of Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn>Ni>Cr>As. For fraction distribution, residual form predominated among for Zn, Ni, Cr and Pb. Oxidizable fraction was the leading fraction for Cd and Cu and was the second dominated fraction for Zn and Ni. The results of Risk assessment code (RAC) showed the medium environmental risk of Cd was found in Dongcheng and East 4thRing districts, while a high environmental risk for Cr was present in Xizhimen and Yongdingmen areas.
Design of Environmental Monitoring Data Collection Repeater
Authors: Han Xiao Wei , Duan Jing Lin , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2014

A data collection repeater based on ARM Cortex-M3 core for environmental monitoring is introduced in this paper. The chip STM32 is used as CPU processor, CC2530 module as a sink node of Wireless Sensor Networks, the collected data is sent to monitoring center by GPRS network. Integration of WSN, ARM and GPRS, the collection of environmental parameters and capability of wireless transmission are achieved in low-power conditions. Hardware structure and application program of the repeater are given.
Air Quality Data Management System Based on VB.NET
Authors: Liu A Gu Da Mu , Yang Peng , Lv Wen Sheng , Liu Jie
Published: June 2014

In order to achieve the automatic management of air quality monitoring data, the air quality data management system has been developed using VB.NET platform and Oracle as background database. It is also combined with the situation of the air quality in Beijing and based on the air quality monitoring data. The paper analyzes the system from 6 aspects, including technology selection, system architecture, system data flow diagram, system development environment, system functions and system features. Finally this paper explains the significance of the system development and application prospects.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Water Temperature during early Stage of Kelp Culture in Sanggou Bay, China
Authors: Qiao Xu Dong , Huang Da Ji , Zeng Ding Yong , Jiang Zeng Jie , Fang Jian Guang
Published: June 2014

The spatial-temporal variability of water temperature in autumn during the early stage of kelp culture in Sanggou Bay was studied based on moored measurements. The vertical profiles of temperature demonstrated that the water columns were well mixed. By using moving average filter, water temperature variations were decomposed to the trend (>12d), synoptic-scale (5~12d) component, and tidal-scale (<25h) component. Temperature variations were dominated by the trend which dropped gradually during the observation. The temperature decline rates, which were affected by water depth, varied from 0.16 °C/d to 0.24 °C/d. Synoptic and tidal cycles contributed to the temporal oscillations of temperature. The synoptic-scale components were also modulated by water depth. The ranges of tidal-scale component were higher at the bay mouth than those in the inner bay. Water temperature during the early stage of kelp culture was basically within the optimum ranges for kelp and bivalves.
Study on Dynamic Changes of Soil Salinity in Southern Area of Laizhou Bay
Authors: Liu Wen Quan , Yu Hong Jun , Xu Xing Yong
Published: June 2014

Soil salinization problem was serious in Southern area of Laizhou Bay under the influence of shallow underground brine. In this patter, the dynamic changes of soil salinity in summer and fall were analyzed by using classical statistics and geo-statistics. Results indicated that soil salinity of each 1ayer shows great variability. The layers of 0~30cm, 30cm~60cm in summer and 30cm~60cmlayer in autumn showed moderate spatial autocorrelation, while the other layers showed strong spatial autocorrelation. The spatial distribution maps of soil salinity interpolated by Kriging method indicated that the spatial distribution of soil salinity of different layers were similar, the salt content decreased from the coastal area to inland and presented zonal distribution.
A New Method for Forecasting of Non-Point Source Pollutant Load
Authors: Zeng Guang Qing , Zhao Wei , Han Biao , Bu Xiu Qin , Su Guo Shao
Published: June 2014

Gaussian process (GP) is a newly developed machine learning technology based on statistical theoretical fundamentals, which has successful application in the field of solving for highly nonlinear problems. Conventional methods for forecasting of non-point source pollutant load often meet great difficulty since relationship between pollutant load and its influencing factors is highly complicated nonlinear. A new method based on GP is proposed for forecasting of non-point source pollutant load. The monitoring data of a certain river since 1976 to 1990 are preformed to obtain the training samples and test samples. Nonlinear mapping relationship between non-point source pollutant load and its influencing factors can be constructed by GP learning with the training samples. The monitoring data of a certain river since 1991 to 1993 are preformed to testify the effects of the method above. The results of case studies show that the method is feasible, effective and simple to implement for forecasting of non-point source pollutant load. It has merits of self-adaptive parameters determination and better capacity for solving nonlinear small sample problems comparing with the artificial neural networks method and Support Vector Machine method. The good performance of GP model makes it very attractive for a wide range of application in environmental engineering.
Assessment on Heavy Metals in Edible Bivalves in Dandong Market
Authors: Meng Zhao Rong , Li Li , Chi Hong Xun , Wu Yao Qing
Published: June 2014

From April to October 2012, eight species of bivalves were selected and 12 samples were chosen from each species of bivalve from by random sampling method in Dandong market. The heavy metal contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg in the edible parts of the bivalves were determined by using incomplete digestion - AAS method, and the assessment on the pollution situation of the eight species of bivalves was made by using the single factor index method. The results showed that arcasubcrenata was slightly polluted by As, and the pollution index was 0.51, and the other heavy metal contents in bivalves were lower than the pollution limit in the national standard of food safety. Therefore, the heavy metal accumulation ability in arca subcrenata was higher than in the other bivalves.
Assessment on Heavy Metals in Edible Univalves in Dandong Market
Authors: Wu Yao Qing , Li Li , Wang Yan , Chi Hong Xun , Meng Zhao Rong
Published: June 2014

From April to July 2012, four species of univalves were selected and 60 samples were chosen from each species of univalves by random sampling in Dandong market. The heavy metal contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, total As and total Hg in the edible parts of the univalves were determined by using incomplete digestion - AAS method, and the assessment on the pollution situation of the four species of univalves was made by using the single factor index method. The results showed that bullacta exarata was slightly polluted by Zn, the pollution index was 0.65, and the edible value was threatened, which should be paid attention to. The heavy metal contents in the edible parts of the other univalves were far lower than the pollution limit of the national standard of food safety and the edible value was safe. The heavy metal accumulation ability in bullacta exarata is higher than in the other three species of univalves. Bullacta excta should be the biological indicator for the monitoring of heavy metal pollution.
Preparation of Ag-Modified CaBiO2Cl and its Photocatalytic Ability under Visible Light
Authors: Feng Ying , Huang Wei , Hu Chao Hao , Zhao Wen , Jiao Pan Fei , Zhong Yan , Zhou Huai Ying
Published: June 2014

Ag-modified CaBiO2Cl photocatalysts were synthesized by the one-step solid state reaction method. The microstructure and morphology of catalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, and Energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDS) techniques. The photocatalytic activities of pure CaBiO2Cl and Ag-CaBiO2Cl catalysts were further evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB) under visible-light irradiation. The measured UV-vis absorption spectra indicated that the degradation of Ag-modified CaBiO2Cl has been improved by about 12% in comparison with pure CaBiO2Cl. The enhanced photocatalytic activity in Ag-modified CaBiO2Cl can be ascribed to the better morphologies of the composites due to the Ag additive.
Fluorescent Sensor and Application in Determination of Carbaryl Residues
Authors: Xu Ji Cheng , Rong Xin Shan , Tian Ting , Qiu Feng Xian
Published: June 2014

The inclusion complex formation between fluorescent sensor 3, 3’-benzidine/β-cyclodextrin derivative (BDCD) and pesticide carbaryl was studied and characterized by TEM, XRD and fluorescence spectroscopy. The stability constant and the stoichiometry of complex were determined. Based on the enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of carbaryl produced through complex formation, a new sensitive method for the determination of carbaryl was established. The linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and carbaryl concentration was obtained in the range of 0.60-3.00 μmol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9946. The detection limit was 5.12 nmol/L. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of carbaryl pesticide residue in water, fruit and vegetable samples with satisfactory results, recoveries in the range of 94.12 % to 105.88 % were obtained. The method is rapid, simple, direct, economical, sensitive and useful for carbaryl analysis.
Preparation and Recognition Performance of Pb(II)-Imprinted Polymers with Surface-Imprinting Technique
Authors: Tang Shi Rong , Liu En Qi , Liu Quan De , Zhao Tao
Published: June 2014

A new Pb (II) ion-imprinted polymer (Pb (II)-IIP), which can be used for selective adsorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions, was successfully prepared based on silica gel particles with the help of surface molecular imprinting technology. The adsorption kinetic curve, adsorption isotherm and selective adsorption were measured by static method. The adsorption kinetics of IIPs for Pb (II) reached the equilibrium at about 20 min. The maximum adsorption capacity was 22.72 mg/g, and the IIPs had much higher adsorption quantity than NIPs. Competitive adsorption studies showed that Pb (II)-IIP offers the advantages of selectivity toward targeted Pb (II) compared with NIP in the presence other metal ions. The results showed that the IIPs possessed good specific adsorption capacity and selectivity for Pb (II).
Spatial and Temporal Variance Analysis of Water Quality Purification in Linluo Artificial Wetland
Authors: Kuo Hsin Yi , Huang Yung Chuan , Chung Chao Cheng , Chung Chung Yi , Lai Wen Liang , Gau Hwa Sheng , Liao Shao Wei
Published: June 2014

This paper investigated whether differences exist in the surface water quality when the wetland was under the management of different organizations through factor analysis. Factor scores suggest that overall there is a regular reduction of nutrient sources BOD, COD, TKN, TN, NH3-N, NO2-N and fecal pollution in this wetland. The nutrient content is the highest at the water inlet and gradually decreases over densely planted zone I, the open water zone, densely planted zone II and the discharge orifice, reaching the minimum level at the outlet. The influence factors of suspended solids TB and SS exhibit irregular variation in the different water bodies. Cluster analysis is conducted based on water quality using data collected between 2008 and 2012. Results reveal that regardless of wet or dry seasons, similar water quality is observed in the open water zone and densely planted zone II. Water quality at the inlet resembles that in densely planted zone I.
The Grey Relational Analysis of Chemical Elements in Atmospheric Fine Particles(PM2.5)
Authors: Li Jia Yang , Zhao Yang , Chen Xiu Ming
Published: June 2014

The main cause of haze is atmospheric fine particles PM2.5. This is very important to research the evolution characteristics of physical chemistry about PM2.5, especially the persistent observation for PM2.5. This paper used the Grey Relational Method to analyze the correlation between PM2.5 and other air quality index in this paper. The study concludes the influence of between PM2.5 and other indicators.
Preparation of Catalytic Paper Using Fe-Pillared Bentonite as Filler by a Paper-Making Technique
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Jiang Hong Lei , Man Xiao Bing
Published: June 2014

Fe-pillared bentonite was made into a paper-like composite by a papermaking technique using pulp fiber and activated carbon fiber. Orange II was used as a model compound to investigate the photocatalytic performance of the paper. SEM analysis showed that the catalytic paper had a porous structure originating from the layered fiber network, with Fe-pillared bentonite mostly embedded in the grooves along the axial direction of the carbon fibers. The optimum preparation conditions were: activated carbon fiber:Fe-pillared bentonite=1:2, activated carbon fiber:pulp fiber=5:3, the charges of Na2SiO3 and PAE were 2.5% based on the Fe-pillared bentonite and 0.4% based on the oven-dry fibers, respectively. The degradation ratio reached 85.2% at 180 min and after that little increase was observed. The catalyst could be repeatedly use and keep a high stability during the first 4 cycling use.
Determination of Trace Cobalt in Water by Reversed Flow Injection Spectrophotometry
Authors: Su Ling , Xie Heng Shen
Published: June 2014

A method for determination of cobalt in water by flow injection spectrophotometry based on the catalytic effects of cobalt on the oxidation reaction of arsenazo III by potassium bichromate in HAc-NaAc buffer solution of pH 4.6 was established. The relationship of the reduced absorbency to the concentration of cobalt was good linearity and the maximum absorption peak located at 550 nm. The affecting factors on the strength of absorption including acidity, dosage, temperature, coexisting ions and so on, and the optimal conditions of the reaction in the system were investigated. Calibration graphs were linear for ranges of 0 to 20 μg/mL and a detection limit of 0.3 μg/mL cobalt was achieved. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analyses of industrial waste water samples, with relative standard deviation of less than 1.5% and the recoveries are 95.1% to 96.8%for the determination of cobalt.
Emission Inventory of Volatile Organic Compounds from Field Burning of Crop Residues in Hubei Province, China
Authors: Huang Bi Jie
Published: June 2014

Crop residues combustion is an important anthropogenic sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China.Emissions of VOCs from crop residues combustion significantly affect climate forcing and human health. A reliable estimation of VOCs emission from the source is the important prerequisite for emission impact assessment and control strategy in the urban or regional areas. VOCs emissions from crop residues combustion in Hubei Province, China and the districts were estimated by factor analysis method, which was based on the yield of major farm crops in the period of 2010. Moreover, Cultivated-land emission intensity (Ic) and Regional emission intensity (Ir) were also calculated. VOCs Emissions from crop residues combustion in Hubei Province were about 80, 000 t in 2010; Ic and Ir were 2.431 t•km-2 and 0.434 t•km-2 respectively; Huanggang, Jingzhou, Xiangyang, Jingmen and Xiaogan had the top five of VOCs Emissions from crop residues combustion. Ic and Ir of Qianjiang, Xiaotao and Ezhou were all more than the average; Ic of Suizhou and Ir of Tianmen were also above the average. 10 city mentioned above should be draw attention as the priority control area. Furthermore, crop residues utilization according to agricultural cyclic economy is a feasible way to cope with the environmental problem of biomass combustion.
Characteristics of VOCs in a Traffic Tunnel in Chengdu, China
Authors: Liang Jin Feng , Yin Hong Ling , Yuan Hua Wei , Li Shi Ping
Published: June 2014

The concentration levels and composition characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) were analyzed at the entrance and middle site in a traffic tunnel located at Red Star Road Tunnel in Chengdu. Results showed: concentration of alkanes and aromatics were much higher than other VOCs in vehicle exhaust source. Aromatics, alkenes, aldehydes and ketones concentration levels in tunnel were higher than at the entrance site, and the alkenes concentration in the tunnel were 38 times that at the entrance tunnel. Concentration of alkanes and esters in the tunnel were lower than that at the entrance site.
Particulate Size Distribution in the Haze and Non-Haze Episodes at Shijiazhuang City, China
Authors: Wang Zan Hong , Hao Zhi Po
Published: June 2014

Aimed at detecting the particulate size distributions in the typical air pollution city of Shijiazhuang, China, this research collected samples in haze episode and non-haze episode separately and found the difference between the two situations. In non-haze episode, the average size distribution is a U-shape curve both lifting at the size minimum and maximum, with slightly higher frequency in the size below 0.65μm (grade 1 and grade 2); but in haze episode, the frequency of 0.43~0.65μm (grade 2) and 0.65~1.1μm (grade 3) increase evidently. By the correlation coefficient calculation, the mass concentration of PM0.43~0.65 has strong negative relationship with visibility range, which should be responsible for the low visibility formation. The fitting function demonstrates that the mass concentration of PM0.43~0.65 must be limited below 0.117 mg/m3 if the visibility range reaches 10km (“medium”), and below 0.006 mg/m3 over 19km (“good”). And there is a inflection point around 0.01 mg/m3 of PM0.43~0.65 as for the visiblity variation, in which the visiblity range decreases rapidly with slight increase of PM0.43~0.65 when below 0.001 mg/m3. PM0.43~0.65 is conclusively regarded as the feature size of particulate responsible for the haze formation in Shijiazhuang, China.
Prediction of GC Retention Times of PBDE Congeners Based on QSRR
Authors: Zhang Xiao Tong , Zhang Xin , Li Qiang , Sun Zhao Lin , Song Li Juan , Sun Ting
Published: June 2014

Support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was applied to predict the gas chromatographic (GC) relative retention times (RRTs) for 126 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners on 7 stationary phases. A total of 151 topological and connectivity indices descriptors were derived from E-dragon software. Genetic algorithm (GA) coupled with multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to select optimal subsets from large-size molecular descriptors. Overall support vector regression predicting training sets correlation coefficients R2 are greater than 0.996, except for the CP-Sil19 column, in which Q2loo (correlation coefficient of leave-one-out cross validation) and test sets correlation coefficients R2 are larger than 0.992. The excellent statistical parameters reveal that the models are robust and have high internal and external predictive capability.