bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a millimeter wave helical reflectarray antenna with high power handling capacity
Authors: Kong G X , Li X Q , Zhang J Q , Wang Q F
Published: August 2020

A millimeter-wave high-power handling capacity circularly polarized shared-aperture transceiver reflectarray antenna is proposed and designed. The short helical reflection antenna is proposed to be the reflectarray element. The 360° phase shift can be achieved by rotating the helical element. A flat-top shaped beam shared-aperture transceiver array antenna feed is designed to improve the efficiency and power capacity of the reflectarray antenna. The reflectarray with the aperture size of 49.5 × 49.5 mm2 is designed and simulated. The full-wave simulation results show that at center frequency of 30 GHz, the gain of the antenna is 22.5 dB with the efficiency of 57.8%, and the axis ratio is 0.8 dB. In the range of 26 to 34 GHz, the reflection coefficient is lower than -17.8 dB, with the relative bandwidth of 26.7%. The 1-dB gain bandwidth is 19.4%. Under air condition, the power capacity of the element antenna is 898 W, and the power capacity of the reflectarray antenna is 19.2 kW.
Application of Machine Learning in Cigarette Quality Evaluation Method
Authors: Lin Jingju , Guo Haolin
Published: August 2020

In the evaluation of cigarette quality, it usually depends on the sense organs of evaluation experts. But due to the influence of many subjective and objective factors, the accuracy of evaluation results is often difficult to guarantee. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of cigarette quality evaluation based on SVM and BP neural network. The experimental results show that the method can establish a nonlinear mapping relationship between the measured values of cigarette chemical components and the evaluation values of expert quality, and reflect the preference information and reasoning mechanism of evaluation experts. So the model is an objective and reliable method for evaluating the internal quality of tobacco after knowing the chemical composition test data of tobacco.
Research on the Dynamic Network Defense Technology Based on the DHCP Protocol
Authors: sun Tao , wang Hai , gao Yang , luo Bingbing
Published: August 2020

The article proposes a network dynamic defense model based on the DHCP protocol for enterprise internal network security protection needs, which not only implements network terminal access verification, but also it realizes the periodic dynamic adjustment of the IP address, and increases the difficulty of network detection and attack. So, the security of the enterprise intranet is improved.
Research on Robot Binocular Ranging Based on SIFT Feature Extraction Algorithm
Authors: Haifeng Dong , Jun Yao
Published: August 2020

Binocular stereo vision belongs to the reconstruction technology of images. It has the characteristics of non-contact measurement and easy implementation. It has broad application prospects in many fields. The study of its basic theory also has great theoretical and practical significance. As part of stereo vision, robot binocular distance measurement has an irreplaceable role. In this paper, a complete binocular ranging system is divided into the following five steps: principle analysis, camera calibration, image preprocessing, SIFT feature point extraction, distance measurement, a simple model in robot binocular ranging is realized, which is a robot Route planning and obstacle avoidance provide data support, which has the advantages of easy operation and simple calculation.
RETRACTED: Research on 3D Animation Design Based on VR Technology
Authors: Haiyan Chen
Published: August 2020

Judging from the initial time of animation production, China started relatively late in this area. Driven by the advancement of computer technology and social needs, 3D animation and virtual reality technology have made significant progress. Domestically, it has achieved good results in the production of three-dimensional animation, and has been widely used in various online games and many TV works. Virtual reality technology has diversified development forms. Compared with traditional three-dimensional animation technology, it has obvious interactive and real-time characteristics, and can bring the audience a good perception experience in many aspects. The application of virtual reality technology in the creation and design of 3D animation can break throughly improve the interactivity of 3D animation, which is beneficial to promote the animation industry to a higher level. Under the current circumstances, the integration of technology and media is in a stage of rapid development. One of the important directions of future animation art creation is virtual reality immersive content, which is increasingly noticed by the society. This article introduces the basic characteristics of virtual reality technology and three-dimensional animation design, studies three-dimensional animation design based on VR technology, and analyzes the application of virtual reality technology in three-dimensional animation design; We discuss how to give full play to the advantages of virtual reality animation interaction within the scope of existing technologies, analyze the narrative laws, and provide references for the use of virtual reality technology for three-dimensional animation creation.
Research and Application of Transmission Line Environmental Monitoring Based on Optical Fiber Sensing Technology
Authors: Lishuai He , Xiaofeng Wang , Yang Song , Yu Ma , Bin Lu , Yan Li , Ji Xue , Lanxuan Mei , Cunde Xu , Chong Liu , Bin Li , Lei Gao , Yunkun Huang
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the optical fiber sensing technology is taken as the research object. Firstly, according to the demand of the sensing layer of the power Internet of things, a transmission line environment online monitoring system is proposed based on the multi risk monitoring of external breakage, fire, icing, galloping and so on of the cable (overhead line), the composition and deployment of the monitoring system are introduced. Secondly, based on the research of temperature field and stress field distribution of optical fiber, combined with big data and artificial intelligence, the important environmental parameters of the line can be monitored. Finally, taking different monitoring scenarios as examples, this paper expounds the different monitoring functions of the environmental monitoring system of the Internet of things for transmission lines, which provides useful reference for environmental monitoring of transmission lines.
Compressive sensing compensation algorithm about nonlinear distortion of clipping for underwater acoustic OFDM systems
Authors: Guo Tieliang , Li Zhijun , Zhang Wenxiang
Published: August 2020

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the most attractive multicarrier modulation schemes over underwater acoustic (UWA) communication due to its robustness against multipath channels. However, the multicarrier modulation technique also leads to a higher peak to average power ratio (PAPR). The nonlinear distortion is produced when the traditional clipping method was used to restrain PAPR. In this paper, we proposed a compensation algorithm based on compressive sensing (CS) about the nonlinear distortion. Combined with orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm, pilot and null subcarriers are used to compensate the nonlinear distortion in the receiver. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the new algorithm can effectively reduce computational complexity and restrain the nonlinear distortion for UWA communication systems.
A security optical tree establishment protocol based on distributed path computation element in multi-domain optical networks
Authors: Zhou Yang , Wu Qiwu , Jiang Lingzhi
Published: August 2020

How to build a secure optical tree through signalling mechanism in multi domain optical network is an important problem. To solve the problem, a security optical tree establishment protocol based on distributed Path Computation Element (PCE) in multi-domain optical networks was proposed. The protocol used a distributed PCE architecture. By expanding the optical network control plane and integrating multiple security mechanisms, the new signaling process of establishing a multicast optical tree was designed. The analysis and experimental results showed that, the protocol performed better performance in a malicious environment compared with the typical layered PCE-based protocol.
A method to Evaluate the Rationality of Check-in Island Usage during Flight Departure Peak Period
Authors: Gu Yunyan , Yang Jianhua , Xie Guo
Published: August 2020

With the rapid development of civil aviation in China, air lines and passenger throughput are increasing. Evaluating the rationality of check-in islands usage can effectively avoid overload of baggage system in some check-in islands and low utilization rate of other check-in islands during flight departure peak period, which is conducive to improving the utilization rate of resources and the efficiency of passenger ticket handling in terminal. According to Statistics of daily flight data of Shenzhen Airport in 2017, the average number of passengers in each check-in island is calculated based on the factors such as the number of flights, type of aircraft and passenger occupancy rate.According to the time rule of passengers arriving at the terminal, the arrival distribution of passengers in different time periods is obtained by weight which is the probability of passenger arrival in different periods.The number of passengers in the same period is divided by unit time, and the distribution of the number of passengers arriving at different times is obtained.The number of passengers arriving at the same unit time for each check-in island is accumulated.According to the hourly theoretical design capacity of check-in island baggage system, the rationality of single check-in island is evaluated.It provides scientific and intuitive decision-making basis for optimizing airport check-in resources during flight peak period.
RETRACTED: Research on Application of Artificial Intelligence in Computer Network Technology under the Background of Big Data
Authors: Wang Yi
Published: August 2020

Computer network technology has become a widely used modern technology in the development of modern society, and it has a very good role in promoting the development of many industries and fields in the society. Therefore, the better application and development of computer network technology gradually Very necessary. In the context of the current big data era, more and more modern technological methods can be integrated in the development of computer network technology, and artificial intelligence is a relatively common one, playing an irreplaceable role in improving the level of computer network technology. Function and value, therefore, the application of artificial intelligence needs to be reasonably grasped.
Research on Multi-objective Storage Planning without Fixed Storage Space in Multi-warehouse
Authors: Zhang Xiaokang , Geng Kaizhen , Zhang Lei , Yang Jianjun
Published: August 2020

This paper takes multi-objective storage planning with multiple warehouses without fixed positions as the research object, and proposes a solution to this type of problem. The mathematical model of research problem environment is established, and further through the abstract analysis of system environment and storage and transportation rules, the research is carried out from the maximum storage and transportation capacity of storage and transportation system, the balance of the occupancy rate of each warehouse, etc., so as to improve the transportation efficiency of goods in and out of the port. The actual multiple requirements are abstracted into specific mathematical expressions that can be analyzed and calculated according to environmental parameters and rule knowledge bases, and a multi-objective function for system optimization is obtained, which lays a foundation for the subsequent optimization and solution using intelligent optimization algorithms.
Research on Classification Algorithm for Blackberry Lily Data
Authors: Yu Wenjun , Huang Yu
Published: August 2020

Blackberry Lily is the dried rhizome of the Iris plant, which has the functions of clearing heat and detoxifying, eliminating phlegm and pharyngeal. The actual structure of its various categories is very different, and this difference is widely used by botanists to build the interspecific relationship of various varieties of Blackberry Lily. Therefore, the classification of Blackberry Lily is of great significance to the research of its evolution. In this paper, we propose several algorithms based on Naive Bayes to classify Blackberry Lily data, and some algorithms are improved.
Consistency-based weight form and its application in multi-attribute group decision making
Authors: Dai Wen-zhan , Nan Hao
Published: August 2020

Due to the complexity of the multi-attribute group decision-making problem, how to determine the weight of different experts on different attributes is a difficult point in current multi-attribute decision-making problem. The authors believe that weights of experts should be reflected in the decision-making process, rather than subjectively determined before the decision. If an expert’s decision-making results can better express the collective will, this expert should be given greater weight. Based on this idea, this paper proposes a weight determination method based on the similarity of individual and collective wishes of experts. First, the improved traditional projection method is proposed. The weight is determined by the degree of agreement between the experts’ individual evaluation vector and the ideal evaluation vector, so that the experts’ weights are more consistent with their performance in the decision-making process. Secondly, combining the new weight form with the ideal point method, a multi-attribute group decision-making method based on the agreement degree is proposed. Finally, the validity of the proposed multi-attribute group decision-making method based on the new weight form is verified by a case simulation.
High Pressure optical nanothermometer based on Er3+ photoluminescence
Authors: Gutiérrez-Cano V , Valiente R , González J A , Rodríguez F
Published: August 2020

The optical properties of a sparsely investigated material, LaGdO3 doped with Er3+, are explored regarding its suitability as nanothermometer. Besides its excellent capabilities for dielectric applications, when doping with Er3+, this material provides a highly efficient up-conversion photoluminescence (PL) for high temperature thermometry at high pressure due to its structural stability. LaGdO3 belongs to the perovskite-type ABO3 compounds with a B-type monoclinic C2/m space group (a = 14.43 Å; b = 3.69 Å; c = 9.00 Å; and β = 100.70º) at ambient conditions. It undergoes a structural phase transition to a hexagonal

P

3
¯

m
1

phase at 3 GPa yielding a notable PL enhancement, thus enabling it as a potential high-pressure high-temperature nanothermometer.
CaCu3Ti4O12: Pressure dependence of electronic and vibrational structures
Authors: Jara E. , Aguado F. , González J. , Valiente R. , Rodríguez F.
Published: August 2020

The effects of pressure in electronic and vibrational properties of the double perovskite CaCu3Ti4O12 have been investigated in the 0-25 GPa range by optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy. Besides a full structural characterization, we aim at unveiling whether the ambient

I
m

3
¯

crystal structure is stable under high pressure conditions and how its giant dielectric permitivity and electronic gap varies with pressure. Results show that there is evidence of neither structural phase transition nor metallization in CaCu3Ti4O12 in the explored pressure range. We have observed the eight Raman active modes associated with its

I
m

3
¯

crystal phase and obtained their corresponding frequency and pressure shift. Moreover, the direct electronic band gap (2.20 eV), which is mainly associated with the oxygen-to-copper charge transfer states, increases slightly with pressure at a rate of 13 meV GPa−1 from 0 to 10 GPa. Above this pressure is almost constant (Eg
= 2.3 eV). The results highlight the high stability of the compound in its

I
m

3
¯

phase against compression.
The dynamics of entropies at the onset of interactions
Authors: Kendall Emily , Kempf Achim
Published: August 2020

At the onset of an interaction between two initially independent systems, each system tends to experience an increase in its n-Rényi entropies, such as its von Neumann entropy (n = 1) and its mixedness (n = 2). We here ask which properties of a system determine how quickly its Rényi entropies increase and, therefore, how sensitive the system is to becoming entangled. We find that the rate at which the n-Rényi entropy increases in an interaction is determined by a quantity which we term the n-fragility of the system. The 2-fragility is closely related to the notion of 2-norm coherence, in that it too quantifies the extent to which a density matrix is ‘off-diagonal’ with respect to the eigenbasis of a reference operator. Nevertheless, the 2-fragility is not a coherence monotone in the resource theoretic sense since it depends also on the eigenvalues of the reference operator. It is this additional sensitivity to the eigenvalues of the reference operator, here the interaction Hamiltonian, which enables the 2-fragility to quantify the rate of entropy production in interactions. We give an example using the light–matter interaction and we anticipate applications to the study of the rates at which two systems exchange classical and quantum information when starting to interact.
Ecotourism implementation for tropical forest resource conservation in Indonesia: Legal aspects
Authors: Nugroho A W
Published: August 2020

In developing countries, including Indonesia, ecotourism can potentially be a strategy to conserve forests as well as generating local income and thus alleviating poverty. This concept is applicable to accommodate tourism development in this country, preventing negative impacts of mass tourism. Due to its potential resources, the government had long been established sets of regulations to accommodate the implementation of ecotourism in forest areas. However, it is important to measure whether these regulations are consistent with ecotourism principles to ensure sustainability aspects. This study aims to evaluate several regulations in Indonesia related to ecotourism implementation in terms of their consistency in applying ecotourism principles. The research method was a desk study and content analysis. Results showed that the Ministry of Environment and Forestry had enacted regulations to encourage the implementation of the ecotourism concept in managing tourist destinations located in forest areas: production, protected and conservation forests. However, several ecotourism principles were not regulated, such as environmental and local education culture to visitors and local people, conservation planning in the tourist destination, and control mechanisms. In conclusion, it is essential to elaborate ecotourism principles in the regulations to ensure the sustainability aspects of ecotourism implementation in state forest areas.
Litter productivity and leaf litter nutrient return of three native tree species in drained tropical peatland, Riau-Indonesia
Authors: Junaedi A , Hardiwinoto S , Supriyo H , Mindawati N
Published: August 2020

Information on litter productivity and its nutrient return of tree species are essential for consideration in selecting tree species. The study was carried out to quantify the litter productivity and macronutrient (N, P and K) deposition through leaf litter to forest floor under 2-3 years old three native tree species of tropical peatland forest. Those three species are mahang (Macaranga pruinosa), geronggang (Cratoxylum arborescens) and skubung (Macaranga gigantea). These three native species coincide with one exotic species krassikarpa (Acacia crassicarpa) were planted on the drained tropical peatland in Riau using a randomized completely block design. Litter trap was set up on this experimental plot for litter productivity measurement. Nutrient content of leaf litter was analyzed to quantify the nutrient return. Results showed that the maximum litter productivity and leaf litter nutrient return was found in geronggang. Litter productivity, N return, P return, and K return of this native tree species were 7.04 ton ha−1yr−1, 60.69 kg ha−1yr−1, 10.82 kg ha−1yr−1 and 57.68 kg ha−1yr−1, respectively. These results suggested that forest and land productivity could be better maintained by Cratoxylum arborescens plantation than other native tree species. In terms of litter productivity and leaf litter nutrient return, this species is, therefore, more recommended than Macaranga pruinosa and M. gigantea.
The influence of teak plantation areas on water yield and peak discharge from five catchments in Blora Regency
Authors: Basuki T M , Pramono I B
Published: August 2020

Teak plantation occupies 67% of plantation areas in Java-Indonesia; however, its impact on hydrological responses has not been studied in detail. Therefore, a study to assess the impact of teak areas on water yield and peak discharge was conducted in Blora, Central Java. Five catchments with different percentages of the mature teak plantation from 53% to 82% were chosen. Five stream water level recorders were installed at the outlet of the catchments to measure stream water level (SWL). The SWL data were converted into a discharge. Based on 2008-2018 data, the results showed that the lowest monthly (8-41 mm mo−1) and annual (140-445 mm yr−1) water yield were found in Modang catchment with teak areas (82%), and the highest monthly (41-107 mm mo−1) and annual (526-1,500 mm yr−1) water yield occurred in Kejalen catchment with teak areas (74%). Generally, all the catchments had the highest water yield in 2010 and the lowest in 2012. It was found that the broader the teak areas, the lower the peak discharge. Although the catchments with the highest (82%) teak areas produced less monthly and annual water yield compared to the catchments with less teak coverage, however, the catchments with high teak coverage can control peak discharge.
Effects of biopore infiltration holes and cross drain on soil properties on skidding roads and natural production forest
Authors: Prameswari D , Supriyanto  , Saharjo B H , Wasis B , Pamoengkas P
Published: August 2020

Logging activities in natural production forests tend to have negative impacts on soil quality. This study aims to examine the effect of biopore infiltration holes and cross drains on the chemical and physical properties of the soil both on skid trails and in natural forests. The study was conducted at a natural production forest in West Kalimantan. The results showed that there was no significant change in the chemical properties of the soil in both the skid trails and natural forest, except for the higher organic C parameter in the natural forest. There was an increase in organic C from 1.16% to 2.04% (<3%) on the skid trails before and after one year. In general, there was a change in the physical properties of the soil on the skid trails. In the natural forest, the bulk density is lower than that on the skid trails and tends to increase with soil depth. Porosity in the center of the skid trails decreases by 24% compared to that in the natural forests at a depth of 0-10 cm. The phenomenon of degradation is also apparent in the parameters of available water, soil permeability, and drainage pores in the middle of the skid trails.
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation to growth and survivability of micropropagated Eucalyptus pellita and Acacia crassicarpa in nursery
Authors: Agustini L , Irianto R S B , Indrayadi H , Tanna R D , Fahrizawati  , Faulina S A , Hidayat A , Tjahjono B , Priatna D , Turjaman M
Published: August 2020

Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi into micropropagated Eucalyptus pellita and Acacia crassicarpa, that may have poor root structures, was conducted. The study aimed to investigate the effects of Acaulospora sp., Acaulospora tuberculata, Entrophospora sp., Gigaspora sp., and two different isolates of Glomus maculosum inoculations on the growth parameters of 21-days old plantlets of Eucalyptus pellita and Acacia crassicarpa. After 120 days of acclimatization in the nursery, E. pellita seems to be more responsive to mycorrhizal inoculation than A. crassicarpa. The survival rate of E. pellita was almost three times of the control. Although there was no significant difference between treatments, inoculation of Glomus maculosum RD.1.5.1 and Acaulospora sp. GB.10.A2 showed the highest impact on plant height (54-56 cm), stem diameter (4.3-4.4 mm), and root dry-weight (2.03-2.05 gr) of E. pellita; and Entrophospora sp. RB.10.3.1 on plant height, stem diameter, and root dry-weight of A. crassicarpa (41.46 cm, 2.96 mm, and 1.34 gr, respectively). This study also revealed that the benefits of AM fungi association were not always related to the level of root colonization.
The effects of several planting media on the red jabon (Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb.) Havil) growth
Authors: Irawan A , Kinho J , Hidayah H N
Published: August 2020

Forest plantation establishment covers not only in the areas with optimum conditions but also in the marginal land areas. The selection of appropriate tree species is required when the plantation will be established in the marginal areas. This study aimed to determine the effects of several planting media, which is similar to the condition of the marginal/extreme conditions, on the growth of red jabon seedlings. The trials were conducted in a factorial complete randomized design with two tested factors, i.e.,planting media (M) and watering conditions (P), in which each factor has three levels. The first factor consists of topsoil medium (M1) as control, subsoil ultisol + topsoil medium (M2), and sandy soil + topsoil medium (M3); while the second factor consists of: watered with tap water (P1), watered with salted-water (P2), and waterlogged condition (P3). The best growth response was shown by the red jabon seedlings, which were planted in the subsoil ultisol + topsoil with a waterlogged condition (M2P3). The growth response of red jabon seedlings in the M2 treatment was similar (2.35 cm height, 0.26 mm diameter) and was not significantly different from the control (2.36 cm height, 0.26 mm diameter). The waterlogged condition (2.6 cm height, 0.28 mm diameter) also resulted in similar growth response to the control treatment (2.39 cm height, 0.29 mm diameter). The sandy soils and salted-watering conditions showed inferior growth responses compare to the other treatments. Thus, the seedlings showed its preference both to the fertile topsoil and subsoil ultisol media with adequate to high moisture levels rather than sandy medium with salted-watering conditions.
Choices of crops on establishing of agroforestry plot in peatland in Rasau Jaya Dua Village, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Sanudin  , Widyaningsih T S , Fauziyah E
Published: August 2020

Information about the choices of crops is essential to understand what is the community’s preferences and consideration to understand the existence of crops on their community land. The research aimed to find out farmers’ preferences and choices of crops on establishing an agroforestry plot in the peatland area. The research was conducted in Rasau Jaya Dua Village, Kubu Raya District, from August to November 2017. The primary data on this research were the community’s socioeconomic condition and their preference for crops. Data on socioeconomic conditions were collected through in-depth interviews with 46 respondents. Data in choices of crops were collected through the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method using the ranking matrix of 20 farmers group members who involved in the development of the agroforestry plot on peatlands. The result showed that farmer has a preference of crops for their agroforestry plots on peatland. Corn is the most favorite crop to be planted on agroforestry plots. Corn is easy to grow, has a stable selling price, and has a short harvesting period (4 months). Meanwhile, for perennial tree crops, pulai (Alstonia pneumatophora), jelutung rawa (Dyera polyphylla), and gerunggang (Cratoxylum glaucum Korth) were the most favorite choices. Those trees have initially been grown on peatland, but the planting stocks were challenging to be found, and they need a more extended period to be harvested.
Spines growth responses of dragon blood (Daemonorops draco) rattan seedlings in several compositions of organic media
Authors: Nugroho A W
Published: August 2020

Cultivation ofDaemonorops dracois one of the conservation strategies to conserve its population in nature. Complete data and information about morphology are needed to support cultivation techniques. There has been much research on the morphology ofD. draco, but the research of rattan spines is lack. Rattan spines have an important function in protecting themselves against herbivores or seed predators. Growing media is one of the factors that influence the growth of rattan spines. We studied the growth of rattan spines from several compositions of organic media in nurseries. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and three replications. The treatments were compositions of organic media content, i.e.: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The variables observed were the number of rattan spines, spines color, and spines angle. Our results showed that the media composition of 75% organic matter tends to show higher spines growth response even though statistically not significantly different with 100% mineral soils. Spine’s color was light green to yellow. Spines angle was pointed downward towards the grounds.
Effect of plant extracts and chemical fungicide on viability and percentage of seed-borne fungal infection on calliandra (Calliandra callothyrsus) seed
Authors: Suharti T , Nugraheni Y M M A , Suita E , Sumarni B
Published: August 2020

Calliandra (Calliandra callothyrsus) is one of the potential tree species that can be used as bio-energy resources. Unfortunately, fungi are one of the factors that can infect and decrease the viability of calliandra seeds. Some efforts are needed to improve the viability and inhibit fungal infection through biological or chemical treatments. The study was conducted to determine the effects of various plant extracts and chemical fungicide on the germination capability, as well as the inhibition of fungal infection in calliandra seeds. Parameters observed in this study were seed germination and fungi infection percentage. Seeds were treated by immersing them in hot water (five minutes) followed by chemical fungicides (i.e., benomyl, mancozeb) or plant extracts (i.e., ginger, onion, garlic, turmeric) for one hour. The study design used was a completely randomized design. The results showed that all the treatments could increase seed viability significantly. The treatment with immersion in onion, ginger and mancozeb was more effective on seed germination ability (88.67%, 8.33%, 86%) and reduced in fungal infections (11.33%, 5.33%, 0%). These treatments resulted in a significant difference between seed germination compared with the hot water and turmeric treatments. The best germination and reduction of fungal infection on calliandra seeds were showed on treatment by onion and mancozeb, respectively. The results revealed that garlic, onion, turmeric have a significant effect in inhibiting all fungal species compared to the hot water treatment. Ginger and onion extracts were effective treatments for increasing seed germination and controlling the fungal infection.
The influence of vegetation compositions on Asian giant honey bee (Apis dorsata Fabr.) in Kampar Regency
Authors: Pribadi A
Published: August 2020

Five essential types of vegetation in Kampar regency are considered to influence the number of Apis dorsata population, namely natural forests, forest plantations (Acacia and Eucalyptus), oil palm plantations, rubber plantations, and river existence. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of vegetation types on the number of A. dorsata population. This study was conducted from April to November 2016 and covered all districts categorized as the center of wild honey production in Kampar regency. Each sialang tree was observed for the number of A. dorsata. Sialang trees are big giant trees that are usually inhabited by A. dorsata colonies. The number of populations of A. dorsata for each tree was approached by using linear regression equations. By using all types of equations, the influence of different types of vegetation compositions (natural forests, Acacia and Eucalyptus plantations, oil palm plantations, rubber plantations and river existence) on the number of A. dorsata colony could be determined. The results, in respective of the vegetation types, were 28.17%, 21.51%, 14.81%, 21.32% and 14.82%. Moreover, the number of A. dorsata population in each sialang tree reached its maximum population above 60,000 ha in natural forest. Surprisingly, the number of A. dorsata colonies inhabited each sialang tree showed a positive correlation with the increase of the oil palm plantations area.
Cu based Metal Organic Framework (Cu-MOF) for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Nivetha Ravi , Sajeev Aparna , Mary Paul Aleena , Gothandapani Kannan , Gnanasekar Subashini , Bhardwaj Preetam , Jacob George , Sellappan Raja , Raghavan Vimala , N Krishna Chandar , Pitchaimuthu Sudhagar , Jeong Soon Kwan , Nirmala Grace Andrews
Published: August 2020

Hydrogen production using novel catalysts is regarded as one of the most needed technology for the future economic needs and water splitting to give H2 gas, which is a challenging task for large-scale production. This work reports the synthesis of Meso-Cu-BTC metal organic framework and further used for understanding its role in electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 1 M NaOH solution. Meso-Cu-BTC electrocatalyst showed a less overpotential of 89.32 mV and an onset potential of 25 mV with an appreciable current density. Results show a low Tafel slope of 33.41 mVdec−1 and long-term durability. Thus, the overall results show that Meso-Cu-BTC acted as a good candidate for electrocatalysis towards hydrogen evolution.
Effect of heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Zn-15 wt% Al alloy
Authors: Song Zhenya , Yan Ming , Jin Shenchao , Liu Yong , Ren Yanbiao , Shi Tiesheng , Zhang Lincai
Published: August 2020

The effect of heat treatment on the micro-structural and mechanical properties of Zn-15wt%Al alloys was investigated systematically in this work. After being annealed below 275 °C, granular α particles were distributed homogeneously in the η phase matrix, while a lamellar microstructure along with isolated η grains was observed when the alloys were annealed above 275 °C, followed by an air cooling (AC) treatment. A subsequent tensile test showed that the strength of alloys always increased with the annealing temperature. However, when the alloys were annealed above 275 °C, followed by a water-quenched (WQ) treatment, their strength firstly decreased with the aging time and then became unchanged. It was revealed by an in situ investigation that the γ′ phase retained from quenching decomposed gradually into an equiaxed microstructure during aging, leading to a reduction in the strength. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) studies showed that dislocations were rarely inspected after a severely plastic deformation in the WQ-treated alloys, indicating that grain boundary sliding and rotation would be a dominant deformation mechanism. However, for the AC-treated alloys, dislocation tangles were easily found in lamellas due to the severe plastic deformations, demonstrating that in addition to grain boundary sliding and rotation, dislocation slip was another important deformation mechanism. A strength model, incorporating phase transformation dynamics with the law of mixtures, was established for the WQ-treated alloys annealed above 275 °C. Meanwhile, the number of α particles in the γ′ phase was assumed to be a key parameter for understanding the evolution of mechanical properties of Zn-15wt%Al alloys during the heat treatments. The more α particles in a unit volume of the γ′ phase, the easier plastic deformation the alloys is prone to, a lower strength and a larger elongation of the alloys will be.
Local modulation of Neurofilament transport at Nodes of Ranvier
Authors: Jia Zelin , Li Yinyun
Published: August 2020

Neurofilaments (NFs) are the most abundant cytoskeletal filaments undergoing ‘slow axonal transport’ in axons, and the population of NFs determines the axonal morphology. Both in vitro and ex-vivo experimental evidences show that the caliber of node is much thinner and the number of NFs in the node is much lower than the internode. Based on the Continuity equation, lower population of NFs indicates faster transport velocity. We propose that the local acceleration of NFs transport at node may result from the higher on-track rate

γ

o
n

or higher transition rate

γ

01

from pausing to running. We construct a segment of axon including both node and internode, and inject NFs by a fixed flux into it continuously. By upregulating transition rate of either

γ

o
n

or

γ

01

locally at the Node of Ranvier in the ‘6-state’model, we successfully accelerate NFs velocity and reproduce constriction of nodes. Our work demonstrates that local modulation of NF kinetics can change NFs distribution and shape the morphology of Node of Ranvier.
Enhanced repulsively bound atom pairs in topological optical lattice ladders
Authors: Flannigan Stuart , Daley Andrew J
Published: August 2020

There is a growing interest in using cold-atom systems to explore the effects of strong interactions in topological band structures. Here we investigate interacting bosons in a Cruetz ladder, which is characterised by topological flat energy bands where it has been proposed that interactions can lead to the formation of bound atomic pairs giving rise to pair superfluidity. By investigating realistic experimental implementations, we understand how the lattice topology enhances the properties of bound pairs giving rise to relatively large effective pair-tunnelling in these systems which can lead to robust pair superfluidity, and we find lattice supersolid phases involving only pairs. We identify schemes for preparation of these phases via time-dependent parameter variation and look at ways to detect and characterise these systems in a lattice. This work provides a starting point for investigating the interplay between the effects of topology, interactions and pairing in more general systems, with potential future connections to quantum simulation of topological materials.
Uniqueness theorems of self-conformal solutions to inverse curvature flows
Authors: Chin Nicholas , Fong Frederick , Wan Jingbo
Published: August 2020

It is known from the literature that round spheres are the only closed homothetic self-similar solutions to the inverse mean curvature flow and parabolic curvature flows by degree

−
1

-1

homogeneous functions of principal curvatures in the Euclidean space.

In this article, we prove that the round sphere is rigid in a stronger sense: under some natural conditions such as star-shapedness, round spheres are the only closed solutions to the above-mentioned flows which evolve by diffeomorphisms generated by conformal Killing fields.
reconCNV: interactive visualization of copy number data from high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Chandramohan Raghu , Kakkar Nipun , Roy Angshumoy , Parsons D Williams
Published: August 2020

Copy number variation (CNV) is an important category of unbalanced structural rearrangement. While methods for detecting CNV in high-throughput targeted sequencing have become increasingly sophisticated, dedicated tools for interactive and dynamic visualization of CNV from these data are still lacking. We describe reconCNV, a tool that produces an interactive and annotated web-based dashboard for viewing and summarizing CNVs detected in next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. reconCNV is designed to work with delimited result files from most NGS CNV callers with minor adjustments to the configuration file. The reconCNV output is an HTML file that is viewable on any modern web browser, requires no backend server, and can be readily appended to existing analysis pipelines. In addition to a standard CNV track for visualizing relative fold change and absolute copy number, the tool includes an auxiliary variant allele fraction track for visualizing underlying allelic imbalance and loss of heterozygosity. A feature to mask assay-specific technical artifacts and a direct HTML link out to the UCSC Genome Browser are also included to augment the reviewer experience. By providing a light-weight plugin for interactive visualization to existing NGS CNV pipelines, reconCNV can facilitate efficient NGS CNV visualization and interpretation in both research and clinical settings.

Availability and implementation

The source code and documentation including a tutorial can be accessed at https://github.com/rghu/reconCNV as well as a Docker image at https://hub.docker.com/repository/docker/raghuc1990/reconcnv.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SPEARS: Standard Performance Evaluation of Ancestral haplotype Reconstruction through Simulation
Authors: Manching Heather , Wisser Randall J
Published: August 2020

Motivation

Ancestral haplotype maps provide useful information about genomic variation and insights into biological processes. Reconstructing the descendent haplotype structure of homologous chromosomes, particularly for large numbers of individuals, can help with characterizing the recombination landscape, elucidating genotype-to-phenotype relationships, improving genomic predictions and more. Inferring haplotype maps from sparse genotype data is an efficient approach to whole-genome haplotyping, but this is a non-trivial problem. A standardized approach is needed to validate whether haplotype reconstruction software, conceived population designs and existing data for a given population provides accurate haplotype information for further inference.

Results

We introduce SPEARS, a pipeline for the simulation-based appraisal of genome-wide haplotype maps constructed from sparse genotype data. Using a specified pedigree, the pipeline generates virtual genotypes (known data) with genotyping errors and missing data structure. It then proceeds to mimic analysis in practice, capturing sources of error due to genotyping, imputation and haplotype inference. Standard metrics allow researchers to assess different population designs and which features of haplotype structure or regions of the genome are sufficiently accurate for analysis. Haplotype maps for 1000 outcross progeny from a multi-parent population of maize are used to demonstrate SPEARS.

Availabilityand implementation

SPEARS, the protocol and suite of scripts, are publicly available under an MIT license at GitHub (https://github.com/maizeatlas/spears).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Systematic determination of the mitochondrial proportion in human and mice tissues for single-cell RNA-sequencing data quality control
Authors: Osorio Daniel , Cai James J
Published: August 2020

Motivation

Quality control (QC) is a critical step in single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data analysis. Low-quality cells are removed from the analysis during the QC process to avoid misinterpretation of the data. An important QC metric is the mitochondrial proportion (mtDNA%), which is used as a threshold to filter out low-quality cells. Early publications in the field established a threshold of 5% and since then, it has been used as a default in several software packages for scRNA-seq data analysis, and adopted as a standard in many scRNA-seq studies. However, the validity of using a uniform threshold across different species, single-cell technologies, tissues and cell types has not been adequately assessed.

Results

We systematically analyzed 5 530 106 cells reported in 1349 annotated datasets available in the PanglaoDB database and found that the average mtDNA% in scRNA-seq data across human tissues is significantly higher than in mouse tissues. This difference is not confounded by the platform used to generate the data. Based on this finding, we propose new reference values of the mtDNA% for 121 tissues of mouse and 44 tissues of humans. In general, for mouse tissues, the 5% threshold performs well to distinguish between healthy and low-quality cells. However, for human tissues, the 5% threshold should be reconsidered as it fails to accurately discriminate between healthy and low-quality cells in 29.5% (13 of 44) tissues analyzed. We conclude that omitting the mtDNA% QC filter or adopting a suboptimal mtDNA% threshold may lead to erroneous biological interpretations of scRNA-seq data.

Availabilityand implementation

The code used to download datasets, perform the analyzes and produce the figures is available at https://github.com/dosorio/mtProportion.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Optimizing treatment strategies in paediatric, adult and late-onset multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gaudioso Cristina , Naismith Robert T
Published: August 2020

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Disease-modifying drugs can reduce disability progression in paediatric, adult and late-onset relapsing multiple sclerosis’, by Amato etal. (doi:10.1093/brain/awaa251).
Rest tremor in Parkinson’s disease: the theta and beta sides of the coin
Authors: Foffani Guglielmo , Monje Mariana H G , Obeso Jose A
Published: August 2020

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Independently together: subthalamic theta and beta opposite roles in predicting Parkinson’s tremor’, by Asch et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaa074).
Detecting early changes in Alzheimer’s disease with graph theory
Authors: Pereira Joana B
Published: August 2020

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Single-subject grey matter network trajectories over the disease course of autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease’, by Vermunt et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaa102).
Co-Cr-Mo-Cu alloys for clinical implants with osteogenic effect by increasing bone induction, formation and development in a rabbit model
Authors: Duan Jingzhu , Yang Yang , Zhang Erlin , Wang Huan
Published: August 2020

Background

Co-Cr-Mo alloy has been widely used in clinical implants because of its excellent mechanical and anti-corrosion properties, but there is an urgent need to address its disadvantages, such as implant-related infections and implant loosening. We synthesized Co-Cr-Mo-Cu (Co-Cu) alloys with different Cu contents to modify implant performance to be suitable as a bone-compatible implant material.

Methods

Microstructure, phase content and mechanical properties of the Co-Cr-Mo alloy were characterized. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed after implantation in rabbits. The experimental alloy was implanted on the lateral side of the lower tibial condyle and the tibial nodule.

Results

Phase content and mechanical properties revealed that the crystallographic structure and wear resistance were changed. Experimental implantation results demonstrated that osteogenic capability was markedly enhanced, ascribed to the excellent antibacterial and osseointegration capacities of Cu phases, and with the release of Cu ions. In particular, Co-Cu alloy containing 2 wt% Cu exhibited the best osteogenic performance among all samples.

Conclusions

The results indicated that osteogenic performance of the Co-Cr-Mo alloy could be enhanced by adding Cu. In particular, the Co-2Cu alloy exhibited the best properties according to both immunohistochemical and histological analyses. Our study not only provides deep insight into the osteogenic effect of Cu but presents a new Co-Cu alloy for clinical implants.