bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimetastatic Effects of Sesamin on Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma through Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2
Authors: Chen Jian-Ming , Chen Pei-Yin , Lin Chia-Chieh , Hsieh Ming-Chang , Lin Jen-Tsun
Published: May 2020

Background: Sesamin is a lignin present in sesame oil from the bark of Zanthoxylum spp. Sesamin reportedly has anticarcinogenic potential and exerts anti-inflammatory effects on several tumors. Hypothesis/Purpose: However, the effect of sesamin on metastatic progression in human head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unknown in vitro and in vivo; hence, we investigated the effect of sesamin on HNSCC cells in vitro. Methods and Results: Sesamin-treated human oral cancer cell lines FaDu, HSC-3, and Ca9-22 were subjected to a wound-healing assay. Furthermore, Western blotting was performed to assess the effect of sesamin on the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and proteins of the MAPK signaling pathway, including p-ERK1/2, P-p38, and p-JNK1/2. In addition, we investigated the association between MMP-2 expression and the MAPK pathway in sesamin-treated oral cancer cells. Sesamin inhibited cell migration and invasion in FaDu, Ca9-22, and HSC-3 cells and suppressed MMP-2 at noncytotoxic concentrations (0 to 40 μM). Furthermore, sesamin significantly reduced p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner in FaDu and HSC-3 cells. Conclusions: These results indicate that sesamin suppresses the migration and invasion of HNSCC cells by regulating MMP-2 and is thus a potential antimetastatic agent for treating HNSCC.
Fabrication of High-Performance Bamboo–Plastic Composites Reinforced by Natural Halloysite Nanotubes
Authors: Jin Xiaobei , Li Jingpeng , Zhang Rong , Jiang Zehui , Qin Daochun
Published: May 2020

Bamboo-plastic composites (BPCs) as new biomass-plastic composites have recently attracted much attention. However, weak mechanical performance and high moisture absorption as well as low thermal stability greatly limit their industrial applications. In this context, different amounts of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were used as a natural reinforcing filler for BPCs. It was found that the thermal stability of BPCs increased with increasing HNT contents. The mechanical strength of BPCs was improved with the increase in HNT loading up to 4 wt% and then worsened, while the impact strengths were slightly reduced. Low HNT content (below 4 wt%) also improved the dynamic thermomechanical properties and reduced the water absorption of the BPCs. Morphological studies confirmed the improved interfacial compatibility of the BPC matrix with 4 wt% HNT loading, and high-concentration HNT loading (above 6 wt%) resulted in easy agglomeration. The results highlight that HNTs could be a feasible candidate as nanoreinforcements for the development of high-performance BPCs.
Multivariate Analysis of Photoacoustic Spectra for the Detection of Short-Chained Hydrocarbon Isotopologues
Authors: Loh Alain , Wolff Marcus
Published: May 2020

We report, to our knowledge, the first optical detection scheme for short-chained hydrocarbon isotopologues. The sensor system is based on photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS). Two continuous wave, thermoelectrically cooled, distributed feedback interband cascade lasers (DFB-ICLs) with emission wavelengths around 3.33 and 3.38 μm, respectively, served as light sources. The investigations comprised the main stable carbon isotopologues of methane (12CH4, 13CH4), ethane (12CH3-12CH3, 13CH3-12CH3, 13CH3-13CH3), and propane (12CH3-12CH2-12CH3, 13CH3-12CH2-12CH3). They were selected because of their importance for numerous applications from climate and planetary research to natural gas exploration. Multiple measurements of single components in nitrogen and synthetic mixtures were conducted at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Depending on the investigated hydrocarbon isotopologue, detection limits ranging from 0.043 ppmv to 3.4 ppmv were achieved. For a selective concentration determination, multivariate analysis (MVA) was applied. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) was used to calculate concentrations from the PA spectra. The implementation of MVA has shown that the PA setup in principle works reliably and that the selective concentration determination of short-chained hydrocarbon isotopologues is possible.
Virtual Screening of Natural Products against Type II Transmembrane Serine Protease (TMPRSS2), the Priming Agent of Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Rahman Noor , Basharat Zarrin , Yousuf Muhammad , Castaldo Giuseppe , Rastrelli Luca , Khan Haroon
Published: May 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused about 2 million infections and is responsible for more than 100,000 deaths worldwide. To date, there is no specific drug registered to combat the disease it causes, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the current study, we used an in silico approach to screen natural compounds to find potent inhibitors of the host enzyme transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). This enzyme facilitates viral particle entry into host cells, and its inhibition blocks virus fusion with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This, in turn, restricts SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. A three-dimensional structure of TMPRSS2 was built using SWISS-MODEL and validated by RAMPAGE. The natural compounds library Natural Product Activity and Species Source (NPASS), containing 30,927 compounds, was screened against the target protein. Two techniques were used in the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) for this purpose, i.e., a ligand-based pharmacophore approach and a molecular docking-based screening. In total, 2140 compounds with pharmacophoric features were retained using the first approach. Using the second approach, 85 compounds with molecular docking comparable to or greater than that of the standard inhibitor (camostat mesylate) were identified. The top 12 compounds with the most favorable structural features were studied for physicochemical and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) properties. The low-molecular-weight compound NPC306344 showed significant interaction with the active site residues of TMPRSS2, with a binding energy score of −14.69. Further in vitro and in vivo validation is needed to study and develop an anti-COVID-19 drug based on the structures of the most promising compounds identified in this study.
Monitoring the Reactivity of Formamide on Amorphous SiO2 by In-Situ UV-Raman Spectroscopy and DFT Modeling
Authors: Signorile Matteo , Pantaleone Stefano , Balucani Nadia , Bonino Francesca , Martra Gianmario , Ugliengo Piero
Published: May 2020

Formamide has been recognized in the literature as a key species in the formation of the complex molecules of life, such as nucleobases. Furthermore, several studies reported the impact of mineral phases as catalysts for its decomposition/polymerization processes, increasing the conversion and also favoring the formation of specific products. Despite the progresses in the field, in situ studies on these mineral-catalyzed processes are missing. In this work, we present an in situ UV-Raman characterization of the chemical evolution of formamide over amorphous SiO2 samples, selected as a prototype of silicate minerals. The experiments were carried out after reaction of formamide at 160 °C on amorphous SiO2 (Aerosil OX50) either pristine or pre-calcined at 450 °C, to remove a large fraction of surface silanol groups. Our measurements, interpreted on the basis of density functional B3LYP-D3 calculations, allow to assign the spectra bands in terms of specific complex organic molecules, namely, diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN), 5-aminoimidazole (AI), and purine, showing the role of the mineral surface on the formation of relevant prebiotic molecules.
Advances and Challenges in Developing Efficient Graphene Oxide-Based ZnO Photocatalysts for Dye Photo-Oxidation
Authors: Yaqoob Asim Ali , Mohd Noor Nur Habibah binti , Serrà Albert , Mohamad Ibrahim Mohamad Nasir
Published: May 2020

The efficient remediation of organic dyes from wastewater is increasingly valuable in water treatment technology, largely owing to the tons of hazardous chemicals currently and constantly released into rivers and seas from various industries, including the paper, pharmaceutical, textile, and dye production industries. Using solar energy as an inexhaustible source, photocatalysis ranks among the most promising wastewater treatment techniques for eliminating persistent organic pollutants and new emerging contaminants. In that context, developing efficient photocatalysts using sunlight irradiation and effectively integrating them into reactors, however, pose major challenges in the technologically relevant application of photocatalysts. As a potential solution, graphene oxide (GO)-based zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites may be used together with different components (i.e., ZnO and GO-based materials) to overcome the drawbacks of ZnO photocatalysts. Indeed, mounting evidence suggests that using GO-based ZnO nanocomposites can promote light absorption, charge separation, charge transportation, and photo-oxidation of dyes. Despite such advances, viable, low-cost GO-based ZnO nanocomposite photocatalysts with sufficient efficiency, stability, and photostability remain to be developed, especially ones that can be integrated into photocatalytic reactors. This article offers a concise overview of state-of-the-art GO-based ZnO nanocomposites and the principal challenges in developing them.
Evidence of the Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Pifferi Fabien , Cunnane Stephen C. , Guesnet Philippe
Published: May 2020

In mammals, brain function, particularly neuronal activity, has high energy needs. When glucose is supplemented by alternative oxidative substrates under different physiological conditions, these fuels do not fully replace the functions fulfilled by glucose. Thus, it is of major importance that the brain is almost continuously supplied with glucose from the circulation. Numerous studies describe the decrease in brain glucose metabolism during healthy or pathological ageing, but little is known about the mechanisms that cause such impairment. Although it appears difficult to determine the exact role of brain glucose hypometabolism during healthy ageing or during age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, uninterrupted glucose supply to the brain is still of major importance for proper brain function. Interestingly, a body of evidence suggests that dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might play significant roles in brain glucose regulation. Thus, the goal of the present review is to summarize this evidence and address the role of n-3 PUFAs in brain energy metabolism. Taken together, these data suggest that ensuring an adequate dietary supply of n-3 PUFAs could constitute an essential aspect of a promising strategy to promote optimal brain function during both healthy and pathological ageing.
Multi-Size Proppant Pumping Schedule of Hydraulic Fracturing: Application to a MP-PIC Model of Unconventional Reservoir for Enhanced Gas Production
Authors: Siddhamshetty Prashanth , Mao Shaowen , Wu Kan , Kwon Joseph Sang-Il
Published: May 2020

Slickwater hydraulic fracturing is becoming a prevalent approach to economically recovering shale hydrocarbon. It is very important to understand the proppant’s transport behavior during slickwater hydraulic fracturing treatment for effective creation of a desired propped fracture geometry. The currently available models are either oversimplified or have been performed at limited length scales to avoid high computational requirements. Another limitation is that the currently available hydraulic fracturing simulators are developed using only single-sized proppant particles. Motivated by this, in this work, a computationally efficient, three-dimensional, multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) model was employed to simulate the multi-size proppant transport in a field-scale geometry using the Eulerian–Lagrangian framework. Instead of tracking each particle, groups of particles (called parcels) are tracked, which allows one to simulate the proppant transport in field-scale geometries at an affordable computational cost. Then, we found from our sensitivity study that pumping schedules significantly affect propped fracture surface area and average fracture conductivity, thereby influencing shale gas production. Motivated by these results, we propose an optimization framework using the MP-PIC model to design the multi-size proppant pumping schedule that maximizes shale gas production from unconventional reservoirs for given fracturing resources.
Toward a Theology of the Imagination with S.T. Coleridge, C.S. Lewis, and J.R.R. Tolkien
Authors: Mosley David Russell
Published: May 2020

While many authors continue to use terms like Christian Imagination or Sacramental Imagination, few seek to define what the term imagination means. In this paper, the author presents his findings based on a close reading of S.T. Coleridge, C.S. Lewis, and J.R.R. Tolkien. Rather than relying either on the definition of imagination as the ability to hold images in one’s head, or the definition by which is meant creativity, this paper puts forward a synthesis of the positions of the three authors listed above. In the end, this paper concludes that the imagination is inherently connected to the divine act of Creation, which aids in clearing away the lenses of sin and familiarity.
Asia-Pacific Lightning Location Network (APLLN) and Preliminary Performance Assessment
Authors: Wang Jiaquan , Ma Qiming , Zhou Xiao , Xiao Fang , Yuan Shangbo , Chang Sheng , He Jin , Wang Hao , Huang Qijun
Published: May 2020

The Asia-Pacific Lightning Location Network (APLLN) is a lightning location system consisting of a series of very low-frequency signal detection sites. Since 2018, 16 detection sites have been deployed with an average baseline longer than 1000 km. The detection site used a trigger sampling method to record the lightning signal with a duration of 2 ms and calculates the lightning arrival time based on digital filtering and the Hilbert envelope method. APLLN used a time difference location algorithm and improved Levenberg–Marquardt non-linear least squares iterative algorithm to calculate and optimize the lightning location results. The analysis results of a strong thunderstorm process show that the average detection efficiency of APLLN was 55.34% for intracloud (IC) strokes, 63.55% for cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes and 61.83% for all strokes (IC + CG). The average location error of APLLN for this thunderstorm is 5–10 km.
Impact of Think-Aloud on Eye-Tracking: A Comparison of Concurrent and Retrospective Think-Aloud for Research on Decision-Making in the Game Environment
Authors: Prokop Michal , Pilař Ladislav , Tichá Ivana
Published: May 2020

Simulations and games bring the possibility to research complex processes of managerial decision-making. However, this modern field requires adequate methodological procedures. Many authors recommend the use of a combination of concurrent think-aloud (CTA) or retrospective think-aloud (RTA) with eye-tracking to investigate cognitive processes such as decision-making. Nevertheless, previous studies have little or no consideration of the possible differential impact of both think-aloud methods on data provided by eye-tracking. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to compare and assess if and how these methods differ in terms of their impact on eye-tracking. The experiment was conducted for this purpose. Participants were 14 managers who played a specific simulation game with CTA use and 17 managers who played the same game with RTA use. The results empirically prove that CTA significantly distorts data provided by eye-tracking, whereas data gathered when RTA is used, provide independent pieces of evidence about the participants’ behavior. These findings suggest that RTA is more suitable for combined use with eye-tracking for the purpose of the research of decision-making in the game environment.
Driving Factors and Future Prediction of Land Use and Cover Change Based on Satellite Remote Sensing Data by the LCM Model: A Case Study from Gansu Province, China
Authors: Li Kongming , Feng Mingming , Biswas Asim , Su Haohai , Niu Yalin , Cao Jianjun
Published: May 2020

Land use and cover change (LUCC) is an important issue affecting the global environment, climate change, and sustainable development. Detecting and predicting LUCC, a dynamic process, and its driving factors will help in formulating effective land use and planning policy suitable for local conditions, thus supporting local socioeconomic development and global environmental protection. In this study, taking Gansu Province as a case study example, we explored the LUCC pattern and its driving mechanism from 1980 to 2018, and predicted land use and cover in 2030 using the integrated LCM (Logistic-Cellular Automata-Markov chain) model and data from satellite remote sensing. The results suggest that the LUCC pattern was more reasonable in the second stage (2005 to 2018) compared with that in the first stage (1980 to 2005). This was because a large area of green lands was protected by ecological engineering in the second stage. From 1980 to 2018, in general, natural factors were the main force influencing changes in land use and cover in Gansu, while the effects of socioeconomic factors were not significant because of the slow development of economy. Landscape indices analysis indicated that predicted land use and cover in 2030 under the ecological protection scenario would be more favorable than under the historical trend scenario. Besides, results from the present study suggested that LUCC in arid and semiarid area could be well detected by the LCM model. This study would hopefully provide theoretical instructions for future land use planning and management, as well as a new methodology reference for LUCC analysis in arid and semiarid regions.
A Novel Approach to 3D-DOA Estimation of Stationary EM Signals Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Chen Dong , Joo Young Hoon
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes a novel three-dimensional direction-of-arrival (3D-DOA) estimation method for electromagnetic (EM) signals using convolutional neural networks (CNN) in a Gaussian or non-Gaussian noise environment. First of all, in the presence of Gaussian noise, four output covariance matrices of the uniform triangular array (UTA) are normalized and then fed into four neural networks for 1D-DOA estimation with identical parameters in parallel; then four 1D-DOA estimations of the UTA can be obtained, and finally, the 3D-DOA estimation could be obtained through post-processing. Secondly, in the presence of non-Gaussian noise, the array output covariance matrices are normalized by the infinity-norm and then processed in Gaussian noise environment; the infinity-norm normalization could effectively suppress impulsive outliers and then provide appropriate input features for the neural network. In addition, the outputs of the neural network are controlled by a signal monitoring network to avoid misjudgments. Comprehensive simulations demonstrate that in Gaussian or non-Gaussian noise environment, the proposed method is superior and effective in computation speed and accuracy in 1D-DOA and 3D-DOA estimations, and the signal monitoring network could also effectively control the neural network outputs. Consequently, we can conclude that CNN has better generalization ability in DOA estimation.
An Investigation on the Feasibility of Near-Zero and Positive Energy Communities in the Greek Context
Authors: Sougkakis Vasileios , Lymperopoulos Konstantinos , Nikolopoulos Nikos , Margaritis Nikolaos , Giourka Paraskevi , Angelakoglou Komninos
Published: May 2020

Near Zero Energy and Positive Energy communities are expected to play a significant part in EU’s strategy to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Within this context, the work presented in this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of: (a) a new-built positive energy neighborhood; and (b) the retrofit of an existing neighborhood to near zero energy performance in the city of Alexandroupolis, Greece. Proposed measures involve the rollout at the community scale of renewable energy technologies (PV, geothermal heat pump), energy efficiency (fabric insulation, district heating and cooling networks) and storage systems (batteries). A parametric analysis is conducted to identify the optimum combination of technologies through suitable technical and financial criteria. Results indicate that zero and near zero emissions targets are met with various combinations that impose insulation levels, according to building regulations or slightly higher, and consider renewable energy production with an autonomy of half or, more commonly, one day. In addition, the advantages of performing nearly zero energy retrofit at the district, rather than the building level, are highlighted, in an attempt to stimulate interest in community energy schemes.
The Sustainability Performance of Reinforced Concrete Structures in Tunnel Lining Induced by Long-Term Coastal Environment
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Gong Ruikai , Zhang Heng , He Wanping
Published: May 2020

At present, the damage caused by steel corrosion to structures has become a serious problem all over the world. In order to study the mechanical behaviors of tunnel lining structure system under the corrosive environment to rebars, first, the bending tests were performed to investigate the crack propagation behavior and structural bearing capacity of the reinforced concrete bending members degraded by corrosion. Secondly, the pull-out tests were performed to investigate the degradation of bonding strength between corroded rebars and the concrete. Finally, on the basis of the findings from the pull-out tests, a 3-D finite element bond-slip model of reinforced concrete lining structure has been established to simulate the changes of bearing capacity and durability of tunnel reinforced concrete lining under different corrosion degrees. The research has revealed: Rebar corrosion is the most important factor affecting concrete and steel corrosion. As the conversion rust rate increases, the ultimate drawing force continues to decrease. With the increase of the corrosion rate, the deflection of the specimen when it is destroyed becomes smaller, the cracking load becomes smaller and the bearing capacity also decreases. As the degree of corrosion increases, the overall deformation of the tunnel increases, and the overall safety of the lining structure decreases. The corner position is the most prone to problems after the lining structure is corroded, so pay more attention. As well, the safety of the lining structure will be basically lost when the final corrosion rate of the steel bars is greater than 30%. The findings of this research can be used to evaluate the corrosion degree of tunnel reinforced concrete lining structure and support the durability design of new tunnel concrete lining structure.
A Numerical Study on Mitigation Strategies of Urban Heat Islands in a Tropical Megacity: A Case Study in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
Authors: Huang Jou-Man , Chen Liang-Chun
Published: May 2020

In recent years, with the rapid increase in global warming and urbanization, urban heat island effects (UHI) have become an important environmental issue. Taiwan is no exception, with previous studies demonstrating serious UHIs in megacities. Although existing UHI research has utilized computer simulations to analyze improvement scenarios, there are few cooling strategy studies in actual blocks of Taiwan. Therefore, this study selected a block of a megacity in a tropical region of Taiwan as a case study by ENVI-met. Five improvement strategies were tested and compared to the current situation (B0): (1) Case C1 changed to permeable pavement, (2) Case C2 increased the green coverage ratio (GCR) of the street to 60%, (3) Case C3 changed to permeable pavement and increased the GCR in the street to 60%, (4) Case C4 changed to permeable pavement, increased the GCR in the street to 60%, and increased the GCR in the parks to 80%, and (5) Case C5 changed to permeable pavement, increased GCR in the street to 60% and parks to 80%, and set the GCR on the roof of public buildings to 100%. The results showed that the average temperature of the current thermal environment is 36.0 °C, with the comfort level described as very hot. Among the five improvement schemes, C5 had the greatest effect, cooling the area by an average of 2.00 °C. Further analysis of the relationship between the different GCRs of streets (SGCR) and the cooling effects revealed that for every 10% increase in the SGCR, the temperature of the pedestrian layer was reduced by 0.15 °C.
A Literature Survey on Market-Based Measures for the Decarbonization of Shipping
Authors: Lagouvardou Sotiria , Psaraftis Harilaos N. , Zis Thalis
Published: May 2020

This paper aims to conduct an updated literature survey on the Market-Based Measures (MBMs) currently being proposed by various member states and organizations at the International Maritime Organization (IMO) or by the scientific and grey literature as a cost-effective solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships. Τhe paper collects, summarizes, and categorizes the different proposals to provide a clear understanding of the existing discussions on the field and also identifies the areas of prior investigation in order to prevent duplication and to avoid the future discussion at the IMO to start from scratch. Relevant European Union (EU) action on MBMs is also described. Furthermore, the study identifies inconsistencies, gaps in research, conflicting studies, or unanswered questions that form challenges for the implementation of any environmental policy at a global level for shipping. Finally, by providing foundational knowledge on the topic of MBMs for shipping and by exploring inadequately investigated areas, the study addresses concrete research questions that can be investigated and resolved by the scientific and shipping community.
Constraints to Agricultural Production and Marketing in the Lagging Regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Quddus Abdul , Kropp Jaclyn D.
Published: May 2020

This study analyzes the constraints affecting agricultural production in the lagging regions of Bangladesh. These regions are lagging in agricultural productivity due to natural phenomena and past government policies. Ten lagging regions, covering eight administrative divisions, were selected for analysis based on crop productivity indicators, percentage of the population in extreme poverty, and agroecological zones. Data were collected from 1257 farm holders using a structured questionnaire. Respondents were mostly older, illiterate males with low levels of education. Production constraints included inadequate supplies of fertilizer and pesticides in local markets. Labor accounted for the highest proportion of agriculture expenditures (51.3%), followed by equipment rental (11.8%), then pesticides (9.3%), and irrigation (8.2%). Only 35.4% of respondents availed credit to purchase agricultural inputs; among them, 85.4% borrowed from formal sources. Lack of proper irrigation facilities, production machinery, and access to institutional credit, difficulties procuring inputs and storing products, and negative impacts of climate were identified as the major constraints to agricultural productivity and marketing in the lagging regions. Access to credit and being adversely affected by weather impacted respondents’ agricultural productivity more than sociodemographic factors.
Investigating the Accessibility between Civil Airports and Tourist Locations in Tourist Cities in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Hao Jingjing , Zhang Ling , Ji Xiaofeng , Wu Xiaolong , Liu Lan
Published: May 2020

Coordinated development between landside transport at civil airports and aviation networks is key for determining the attractiveness and competition of tourist cities. However, only a few studies have focused on the accessibility of tourist locations around civil airports in tourist cities in China. This paper calculates the service coverage of civil airports for tourist locations in Yunnan in selected years, consisting of 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015, by using an accessibility calculation method with the shortest path and a spatial analysis method in ArcGIS software. The results are compared with the structural characteristics of the aviation network in corresponding years. Additionally, some suggestions are given regarding transportation development and sustainable environmental development in tourist cities. The findings show that the service coverage of civil airports in Yunnan has gradually improved over time. Specifically, 83.41% of tourist locations can be reached within 1.5 h of driving from an airport, and all tourist destinations could be reached within 3 h in 2015. Among all civil airports, the airports in the hub city of Kunming and at world-renowned tourist destinations such as Dali and Lijiang displayed the highest airport service capabilities for tourist locations. Meanwhile, the aviation network of Yunnan Province is constantly improving with an increased number of airports and airlines, and it shows the centralization trend toward KMG. However, the mismatch is observed not only in tourist cities with hub airports, such as Kunming, but also in some cities located in remote areas (i.e., far from the central city). This finding reveals that in these tourist cities in Yunnan, the development of airport transport has not considered coordination between the airline network and the service coverage of civil airports for tourist locations. For the sustainable development of tourist cities, the equal importance of airport landside transport and the airline network in the planning and management of air transport should be emphasized.
An Interactive Real-Time Cutting Technique for 3D Models in Mixed Reality
Authors: Caligiana Paolo , Liverani Alfredo , Ceruti Alessandro , Santi Gian Maria , Donnici Giampiero , Osti Francesco
Published: May 2020

This work describes a Mixed Reality application useful to modify and cut virtual objects. A digital simulation of surgical operations is presented. Following this approach, surgeons can test all the designed solutions of the preoperative stage in a Mixed Reality environment. High precision in surgery applications can be achieved thanks to the new methodology. The presented solution is hands free and does not need the use of a mouse or computer’s keyboard: it is based on HoloLens, Leap Motion device and Unity. A new cutting algorithm has been developed in order to handle multiple objects and speed up the cut with complex meshes and preserve geometry quality. A case study presents the cut of several bones in order to simulate surgeon’s operations. A reduction in cut time compared to the original method is noticed, together with a high flexibility of the tool and a good fidelity of the geometry. Moreover, all the object fragments generated from the algorithm are available for manipulation and new cuts.
Repurposing Cancer Drugs Batimastat and Marimastat to Inhibit the Activity of a Group I Metalloprotease from the Venom of the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox
Authors: Layfield Harry J. , Williams Harry F. , Ravishankar Divyashree , Mehmi Amita , Sonavane Medha , Salim Anika , Vaiyapuri Rajendran , Lakshminarayanan Karthik , Vallance Thomas M. , Bicknell Andrew B. , Trim Steven A. , Patel Ketan , Vaiyapuri Sakthivel
Published: May 2020

Snakebite envenomation causes over 140,000 deaths every year, predominantly in developing countries. As a result, it is one of the most lethal neglected tropical diseases. It is associated with incredibly complex pathophysiology due to the vast number of unique toxins/proteins present in the venoms of diverse snake species found worldwide. Here, we report the purification and functional characteristics of a Group I (PI) metalloprotease (CAMP-2) from the venom of the western diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox. Its sensitivity to matrix metalloprotease inhibitors (batimastat and marimastat) was established using specific in vitro experiments and in silico molecular docking analysis. CAMP-2 shows high sequence homology to atroxase from the venom of Crotalus atrox and exhibits collagenolytic, fibrinogenolytic and mild haemolytic activities. It exerts a mild inhibitory effect on agonist-induced platelet aggregation in the absence of plasma proteins. Its collagenolytic activity is completely inhibited by batimastat and marimastat. Zinc chloride also inhibits the collagenolytic activity of CAMP-2 by around 75% at 50 μM, while it is partially potentiated by calcium chloride. Molecular docking studies have demonstrated that batimastat and marimastat are able to bind strongly to the active site residues of CAMP-2. This study demonstrates the impact of matrix metalloprotease inhibitors in the modulation of a purified, Group I metalloprotease activities in comparison to the whole venom. By improving our understanding of snake venom metalloproteases and their sensitivity to small molecule inhibitors, we can begin to develop novel and improved treatment strategies for snakebites.
The First Proteomic Study of Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 Exposed to Cyanotoxin BMAA under Nitrogen Starvation
Authors: Koksharova Olga A. , Butenko Ivan O. , Pobeguts Olga V. , Safronova Nina A. , Govorun Vadim M.
Published: May 2020

The oldest prokaryotic photoautotrophic organisms, cyanobacteria, produce many different metabolites. Among them is the water-soluble neurotoxic non-protein amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), whose biological functions in cyanobacterial metabolism are of fundamental scientific and practical interest. An early BMAA inhibitory effect on nitrogen fixation and heterocyst differentiation was shown in strains of diazotrophic cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. PCC 7120, Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 (ATCC 29133), and Nostoc sp. strain 8963 under conditions of nitrogen starvation. Herein, we present a comprehensive proteomic study of Nostoc (also called Anabaena) sp. PCC 7120 in the heterocyst formation stage affecting by BMAA treatment under nitrogen starvation conditions. BMAA disturbs proteins involved in nitrogen and carbon metabolic pathways, which are tightly co-regulated in cyanobacteria cells. The presented evidence shows that exogenous BMAA affects a key nitrogen regulatory protein, PII (GlnB), and some of its protein partners, as well as glutamyl-tRNA synthetase gltX and other proteins that are involved in protein synthesis, heterocyst differentiation, and nitrogen metabolism. By taking into account the important regulatory role of PII, it becomes clear that BMAA has a severe negative impact on the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of starving Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 cells. BMAA disturbs carbon fixation and the carbon dioxide concentrating mechanism, photosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism. Stress response proteins and DNA repair enzymes are upregulated in the presence of BMAA, clearly indicating severe intracellular stress. This is the first proteomic study of the effects of BMAA on diazotrophic starving cyanobacteria cells, allowing a deeper insight into the regulation of the intracellular metabolism of cyanobacteria by this non-protein amino acid.
Progression Rate from the Indeterminate Form to the Cardiac Form in Patients with Chronic Chagas Disease: Twenty-Two-Year Follow-Up in a Brazilian Urban Cohort
Authors: Hasslocher-Moreno Alejandro Marcel , Salles Xavier Sergio , Magalhães Saraiva Roberto , Conde Sangenis Luiz Henrique , Teixeira de Holanda Marcelo , Horta Veloso Henrique , Rodrigues da Costa Andrea , de Souza Nogueira Sardinha Mendes Fernanda , Alvarenga Americano do Brasil Pedro Emmanuel , Sperandio da Silva Gilberto Marcelo , Felix Mediano Mauro Felippe , Silvestre de Sousa Andrea
Published: May 2020

Most patients with chronic Chagas disease (CD) present the indeterminate form and are at risk to develop the cardiac form. However, the actual rate of progression to the cardiac form is still unknown. Methods: In total, 550 patients with the indeterminate CD form were followed by means of annual electrocardiogram at our outpatient clinic. The studied endpoint was progression to cardiac form defined by the appearance of electrocardiographic changes typical of CD. The progression rate was calculated as the cumulative progression rate and the incidence progression rate per 100 patient years. Results: Thirty-seven patients progressed to the CD cardiac form within a mean of 73 ± 48 months of follow-up, which resulted in a 6.9% cumulative progression rate and incidence rate of 1.48 cases/100 patient years. Patients who progressed were older (mean age 47.8 ± 12.2 years), had a higher prevalence of associated heart diseases (p < 0.0001), positive xenodiagnosis (p = 0.007), and were born in the most endemic Brazilian states (p = 0.018). Previous co-morbidities remained the only variable associated with CD progression after multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The progression rate to chronic CD cardiac form is low and inferior to rates previously reported in other studies.
Characterizing the Role of SMYD2 in Mammalian Embryogenesis—Future Directions
Authors: Jarrell Dillon K. , Hassell Kelly N. , Crans Debbie C. , Lanning Shari , Brown Mark A.
Published: May 2020

The SET and MYND domain-containing (SMYD) family of lysine methyltransferases are essential in several mammalian developmental pathways. Although predominantly expressed in the heart, the role of SMYD2 in heart development has yet to be fully elucidated and has even been shown to be dispensable in a murine Nkx2-5-associated conditional knockout. Additionally, SMYD2 was recently shown to be necessary not only for lymphocyte development but also for the viability of hematopoietic leukemias. Based on the broad expression pattern of SMYD2 in mammalian tissues, it is likely that it plays pivotal roles in a host of additional normal and pathological processes. In this brief review, we consider what is currently known about the normal and pathogenic functions of SMYD2 and propose specific future directions for characterizing its role in embryogenesis.
The Management of Breast Cancer during Pregnancy in the Maternity Ward of Rabat in Morocco - A Case Report
Authors: Belkouchi FZ , Hassouni F. El , Ouham H. , Bargash S. , Yousfi M.
Published: May 2020

Breast cancer during pregnancy (PABC) is a rare affection; but since more women postpone childbearing until middle age, the incidence of breast cancer in pregnancy started increasing. Delays in diagnosis and treatment are also due to physiological changes in the breast during pregnancy. Breast cancer associated with pregnancy represents a unique clinical scenario that requires balancing between risks and benefits for both the maternal and fetal well-being.
The goal of this report is to evaluate and promote effective management for patients with breast cancer during pregnancy.
A Study on Complications of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Authors: Preet Dr. Adarsh , Palve Dr. Tushar
Published: May 2020

Background: Hypertensive disorder is the second most common medical disorder seen during pregnancy. Hypertensive disorder contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality mainly due to its complications and not due to hypertension per sec. Thus, maternal mortality and these complications are preventable. The objective of the present study was to study the pattern of feto-maternal outcome and complications in cases of pregnancy-induced hypertension to identify them at the earliest.
Methods: A study was conducted over a period 8 months in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cama and Albless Hospital, Mumbai. This study enrolled a total of 50 pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension with inclusion-exclusion criteria. Necessary information such as Sociodemographic information, detailed clinic, and obstetric history, clinical examination, investigations, and fetal outcome was noted by using preformed proforma.
Results: In our study the majority of PIH mothers belonged to the age group of 20-25 years (46%); PIH is more prevalent among nulliparous (54%). Among PIH mother, the most common presenting clinical feature was pedal edema (44%), followed by headache (16%). The most prevalent complication among PIH patients was oligohydramnios (20%).
Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among Antenatal Women in a Tribal Area of a Central District, Kerala
Authors: Rachel Jerry , Nisha Catherin
Published: May 2020

Background: Obstetric complications and maternal deaths following childbirth becomes a burden on many women and their families. Birth preparedness and complication readiness is a comprehensive package which aims at promoting timely access to skilled maternal and neonatal services. It focuses on the active preparation and decision making process in the delivery of pregnant ladies and their families.
Objective: To assess birth preparedness and complication readiness among antenatal women in a tribal area, central zone Kerala.
Methodology: This was a community based cross-sectional study carried out in a tribal area during January – June 2019 among 60 tribal antenatal women using a questionnaire based interview
Clinical Outcome, Return to Pre-injury Activities and Patients Satisfaction after Open ACL Reconstruction And Arthroscopic Reconstruction; An Experience From A Developing Country
Authors: Javed Prof. Shehzad , Bashir Dr. Muhammad Farrukh , Khalid Dr. Zubair , Ahmed Dr. Umair , Aziz Prof Amer
Published: May 2020

Introduction: There are two techniques for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), open technique and arthroscopic assisted technique. Arthroscopic assisted technique has many advantages over open procedure but it needs more expertise and cost comparatively.The objective of this study is to identify the clinical outcomes on basis of lyshlomknee score (LKS) system and find out patients satisfaction after performing both procedures in two groups separately.
Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 600 patients undergoing open ACL reconstruction and arthroscopic reconstruction from 2005 to 2018 was done, at the Department of Orthopaedics, Ghurki Hospital, Lahore. We included all those patients who were 18 to 45 years of age and had at least 1 year follow up.
Neglected Trans-Scaphoid Volar Perilunate Dislocation with Post-Operative Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Sehgal Apoorv , Shahi Pratyush , Sudan Aarushi , Kamal Sushil , Meena Umesh , Meher Debasish
Published: May 2020

We present the case report of a 30-year-old male who fell from a height of 15 feet on his palmar-flexed right wrist and came to us 1 month after the injury. He had a swollen, stiff wrist with painful movements and no neurovascular deficit. X-rays showed a trans-scaphoid volar perilunate dislocation. We used the volar approach for open reduction and internal fixation with a headless screw for scaphoid fracture and scapho- lunate and capito-lunate K-wires for intercarpal instability. The wrist was immobilised in a below-elbow POP slab for 6 weeks after which the K-wires were removed. The patient unfortunately developed complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), which can be attributed to his late presentation after the injury. Active and passive range of motion exercises and contrast bath were initiated and he was kept on low dose amitriptyline. Gradually CRPS resolved and at 6-month follow-up, the patient had a wrist dorsiflexion of 30° and palmar-flexion of 45°.
UNESCO'S MISSION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSNATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Avsheniuk Nataliia
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the characterization of the constitutive influence of UNESCO on the transnational higher education formation at the end of the XX - the beginning of the XXI century, in particu-lar, to substantiate strategies for its development and quality assurance at the global and regional levels. Based on the study of a wide source base, UNESCO's role in the development of transnational higher educa-tion is uncovered though it has been firmly included in the structure of the international relations system in the field of internationalization of higher education as the institution of global educational policy of global scale. It is revealed that the main directions of the international organization’s activity in the development of transnational higher education are: statistical data collection and classification; harmonization of the termi-nology apparatus; deepening knowledge of transnational higher education issues; development of recom-mendations for the transnational higher education management, ensuring its quality; creation of infor-mation exchange centers; forecasting and developing strategies for its development. It was established that on the international level, on the basis of the method of open coordination, the leading institutions of global regulation of education development have agreed and adopted normative documents on the quality assur-ance of transnational higher education, the unifying characteristics of which are: the basic principle of mu-tual trust between countries and respect for the diversity of higher education systems; quality management of transnational educational services; ensuring the detection of dishonest providers; recommendation focus on the activities of stakeholders: government, higher education institutions, educational services providers, student organizations, quality assurance and accreditation institutions, institutions for recognition of quali-fications and diplomas, professional associations of teachers, researchers, etc.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ПОЧУТТЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ У МАЙБУТНІХ ПЕДАГОГІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ ФАХОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ
Authors: Kuzminskyi Anatolii
Published: May 2020

Висвітлюються окремі аспекти формування почуття соціальної відповідальності у студентів закладів вищої освіти педагогічного профілю. Дається визначення терміна «відповідальність». Підкреслюється, що відповідальність є моральним стрижнем, на якому базуються всі інші якості особистості. Називаються фактори, які не сприяють дотриманню належного рівня соціальної відповідальності педагогами. Розкривається розуміння відповідальності як педагогічної категорії у теоретичній спадщині А. Макаренка і В. Сухомлинського. Констатується, що існуюча практика підготовки вчителів недостатньо ефективна. У період модернізації системи вітчизняної освіти очевидною є необхідність кардинальної перебудови підготовки педагогічних кадрів, зокрема вжиття заходів щодо формування у студентів почуття соціальної відповідальності за якість навчальної праці і взагалі за будь-яку доручену справу. Для педагогів повинні бути притаманні активна громадянська позиція, висока загальна й душевна культура, глибокі знання й методична майстерність, наукове діалектичне мислення. Стверджується, що діюча система підготовки педагога потребує модернізації й суттєвої перебудови на основі осучаснення й диверсифікації форм занять, урахування індивідуальних потреб студента, органічного поєднання теорії й новаторського досвіду, зокрема європейського, вдосконалення професійно спрямованих особистісних якостей майбутнього педагога, особливо почуття громадянської обов’язковості й соціальної відповідальності. Проведені експериментальні дослідження свідчать про необхідність збільшення питомої ваги педагогічних і психологічних дисциплін у програмі підготовки педагогів, збільшення обсягу практичних занять, використання діагностико-прогностичної методики, поєднання навчальної й пошуково-дослідницької роботи. Освітні завдання мають реалізовуватися шляхом виконання студентами актуалізованих соціальних справ.