bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broadening Career Horizons for Students in At‐Risk Environments
Authors: O'Brien Karen M. , Dukstein Rebecca D. , Jackson Stacey L. , Tomlinson Merideth J. , Kamatuka Ngondi A.
Published: December 2011

Researchers and practitioners embarked on a collaborative venture to develop, implement, and evaluate a career intervention program for 7th grade students who were at‐risk for vocational underachievement. Students participating in the Career Horizons Program demonstrated enhanced confidence in performing tasks related to investigating, selecting, and implementing a career choice. They also considered a greater number of careers and selected those that were congruent with their interests. No change was found in confidence regarding degree of self‐knowledge. Suggestions are provided for improving on the development and evaluation of career exploration programs to enhance career self‐efficacy and broaden the career horizons of students in at‐risk environments.
A Match Made in Heaven? Career Development Theories and the School‐to‐Work Transition
Authors: Blustein David L.
Published: December 2011

This article discusses the major contributions (Krumboltz & Worthington, 1999; Lent, Hackett, & Brown, 1999; Savickas, 1999; Swanson & Fouad, 1999) to this special issue of The Career Development Quarterly on the application of career development theories to the school‐to‐work transition. Common thematic elements in these 4 articles include a focus on the individual who faces the transition from high school to work and an emphasis on the developmental aspects of the transition. The article concludes with a cautionary recommendation that theory‐building efforts derived from the individual experiences of work‐bound youth ought to be included in theoretical and intervention initiatives to facilitate the school‐to‐work transition.
Dilemmatic Constructions of Career in the Career Counseling Interview
Authors: Pittman Garth
Published: December 2011

Thirty career counseling interviews were recorded and inductively analyzed using a discourse analytic method. Findings indicate that clients in this setting present various dilemmatic themes of career in their talk. Three types of dilemmas were pervasive: uncertainty versus certainty, interests versus practical, and focus versus options. The findings suggest that career theorists and practitioners might find it useful to address the dilemmatic processes evident in “career talk.”
Important Events in Career Counseling: Client and Counselor Descriptions
Authors: Anderson W. P. , Niles Spencer G.
Published: December 2011

The authors used a content analysis system to classify career‐counseling participants' responses to questions about the helpfulness of their recently completed counseling experiences. Both clients and counselors most frequently identified client gains associated with self‐exploration and with emotional support as most helpful. Members of both groups frequently identified ineffective counselor‐selected activities as least helpful. Clients rated their experiences as significantly more effective than did their counselors. The authors discuss implications of these results for the validity of the content analysis system and the nature and practice of career counseling.
Using Readiness Assessment to Improve Career Services: A Cognitive Information‐Processing Approach
Authors: Sampson James P. , Peterson Gary W. , Reardon Robert C. , Lenz Janet G.
Published: December 2011

This article begins with a review of the use of readiness assessment measures as a strategy for improving career services. A 5‐step process model for readiness assessment is then proposed and current readiness measures are identified. Although considerable research has been conducted on career decision‐making readiness and numerous measures have been developed, there has been limited literature available on the application of readiness assessment in selecting career interventions to meet specific client needs. This article continues with a theory‐based conceptualization of readiness and then links readiness assessment to the selection of career interventions designed to meet clients' needs.
Older Adults: Work‐Related Issues and Implications for Counseling
Authors: Brewington Janice O. , Nassar‐McMillan Sylvia
Published: December 2011

In a period of business downsizing, older workers are at risk for unemployment. They often have difficulty finding suitable replacement jobs and frequently face emotional and financial distress. Employers, as well as older workers, may have perceptions and concerns that can create barriers to reemployment. Older workers are a valuable asset in the labor market. Their plight affects society as a whole. Counselors should be aware of work related issues of older workers, career theories and supporting research pertaining to this unique population, and suitable interventions with which to help older adults make smooth career and life transitions.
Individualized Transition Planning for Students With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Cummings Rhoda , Maddux Cleborne D. , Casey Jack
Published: December 2011

Many transition plans for students with learning disabilities suffer because (a) they often focus on the employment needs of students with more severe cognitive and physical disabilities and (b) they are not required until as late as 14 years old, sometimes too late for many students with learning disabilities. Lack of effective transition planning may result in inadequate postsecondary adjustment problems (e.g., under‐ or unemployment, restricted participation in community and leisure activities). The authors describe specific problems in transition planning for students with learning disabilities and offer suggestions for designing K‐12 transition plans that are uniquely suited for these students.
Achievement in a Relational Context: Preferences and Influences in Female Adolescents
Authors: Novi Mary Jane , Meinster Martha O.
Published: December 2011

Friends' influence on achievement‐related choices in female adolescents was investigated using the Thematic Apperception Test (H. Murray, 1943), in the context of self‐in‐relation theory (J. V. Jordon, A. G. Kaplan, J. B. Miller, I. P. Stiver, & J. L. Surrey, 1991). Two hypotheses were tested: (1) Achievement‐related stimuli will elicit stories with more unfavorable and conflicted outcomes than will affiliation stimuli; (2) Thematic representation of achievement will be more homogeneous in more highly cohesive peer groups. A multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures yielded significant results for Hypothesis 1. Thematic analysis of stories supported Hypothesis 2, showing peer group influence on achievement strivings in female adolescents.
Frank Parsons and the Progressive Movement
Authors: Zytowski Donald G.
Published: December 2011

This article recounts the social influences that must have inspired Frank Parsons to create vocational counseling and traces the profession's early development.
Developmental Issues in Career Maturity and Career Decision Status
Authors: Patton Wendy , Creed Peter A.
Published: December 2011

There is considerable diversity in the literature regarding age and gender differences on career maturity and career decision status. There is also a dearth of data on high school samples. The present study reports cross‐sectional data from 1,971 Australian adolescents, ages 12.51‐17.99 years, who completed the Career Decision Scale (S. H. Osipow, C. G. Carney, J. Winer, B. Yanico, & M. Koschier, 1976) and the Career Development Inventory (Australian; J. Lokan, 1984). Results illustrated a developmental progression in career maturity, although a less uniform pattern emerged with gender differences. Findings regarding career indecision also presented a complex picture and highlight the need to focus on other demographic and contextual factors.
Interpersonal Influences on Students' Academic and Career Decisions: The Impact of Sexual Orientation
Authors: Nauta Margaret M. , Saucier Amy M. , Woodard Leigh E.
Published: December 2011

The authors investigated differences in interpersonal influences on career decision making between gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) and heterosexual college students. Contrary to hypotheses, GLB students reported having more career role models than did heterosexual students, and the amount of inspiration received from role models did not differ between the 2 groups. However, GLB students perceived they received less support and guidance from others in their academic and career decision making. As expected, GLB students were more likely to endorse the importance of a career role model's sexual orientation and support of people with their own sexual orientation. Career intervention and research implications are discussed.
A Reaction to Mark Pope's (2000) “A Brief History of Career Counseling in the United States”
Authors: Hoyt Kenneth B.
Published: December 2011

The author acknowledges the significance of the 6 steps presented by M. Pope (2000) in his article “A Brief History of Career Counseling in the United States.” It is proposed that the historical stages for each kind of career counselor are most appropriately organized around federal legislation that affects it. Alternative “stages,” which the author believes are appropriate in tracing the history of the school counselor movement, are presented as an example of this approach.
Career Counseling Strategies to Facilitate the Welfare‐to‐Work Transition: The Case of Jeanetta
Authors: McDonald Donna L.
Published: December 2011

Changes in welfare policy require recipients to find employment and created a need for effective career counseling strategies. Welfare recipients face both environmental and personal barriers that affect employability and career development. Issues such as the employment market, the availability of needed community resources, and the stress of being a single parent need to be understood before appropriate career counseling can occur. In this article, the author discusses possible barriers to career counseling and suggests effective career counseling methods for individuals who receive public assistance payments.
The Ability Explorer: Translating Super's Ability‐Related Theory Propositions Into Practice
Authors: Harrington Thomas , Harrington Joan
Published: December 2011

One half of D. Super's (D. Super, M. Savickas, & C. Super, 1996) theoretical propositions that relate to abilities have been operationalized into a psychometric instrument, the Ability Explorer (T. Harrington & J. Harrington, 1996). Interpretations illustrate how D. Super's career development theoretical concepts can be implemented in career counseling.
Reducing Adolescent Career Indecision: The ASVAB Career Exploration Program
Authors: Baker Harley E.
Published: December 2011

An independent evaluation of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) Career Exploration Program was conducted using nationally representative samples of high school students. The sample consisted of current ASVAB Program participants (n = 255) and two control groups of nonparticipants (n = 233, n = 189). A pretest‐posttest design showed that participation in the ASVAB Program increased career exploration knowledge and reduced diffusion and approach‐approach forms of career indecision, as assessed by the Career Decision Scale (S. Osipow, 1986).
The Relationship Between Sense of Coherence and Career Thoughts
Authors: Lustig Daniel C. , Strauser David R.
Published: December 2011

The authors examined the impact of sense of coherence on the career thought processes of a sample of college students. A. Antonovsky (1987) defined sense of coherence as the global orientation that the world is comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful. Study participants completed the Sense of Coherence Scale (A. Antonovsky, 1987) and the Career Thoughts Inventory (CTI; J. P. Sampson, G. W. Peterson, J. G. Lenz, R. C. Reardon, & D. E. Saunders, 1996). Multivariate tests indicated a medium relationship between sense of coherence and CTI Total and subscale scores; sense of coherence accounted for 14% of the variance. Univariate tests also indicated a medium relationship between sense of coherence and each subscale.
A Critical Evaluation of the Web‐Based Version of the Career Key
Authors: Levinson Edward M. , Zeman Heather L. , Ohler Denise L.
Published: December 2011

The authors assessed the reliability and validity of the Web‐based version of the Career Key (L. K. Jones, 1997). Ninety‐nine undergraduates completed the Web‐based version of the Career Key and the Self‐Directed Search‐Form R (J. L. Holland, 1994) in counterbalanced order and completed a second Career Key administration 2 weeks after completing the first test administration. Test—retest reliability ranged between .75 and .84 With the exception of the Conventional scale (.47), all concurrent validity coefficients were at or above .65.
Career Self‐Efficacy and Perceptions of Parent Support in Adolescent Career Development
Authors: Turner Sherri , Lapan Richard T.
Published: December 2011

The authors examined the relative contributions of both proximal and distal supports to the career interests and vocational self‐efficacy in a multiethnic sample (N = 139) of middle school adolescents. Consistent with Social Cognitive Career Theory, it was found that (a) vocational self‐efficacy and career planning/exploration efficacy consistently predicted young adolescents' career interests across Holland (J. L. Holland, D. R. Whitney, N. S. Cole, & J. M. Richards, 1969) themes; (b) gender and career gender‐typing predicted interests in Realistic, Investigative, and Social careers; and (c) perceived parent support accounted for 29% to 43% of the total unique variance in vocational self‐efficacy for all Holland theme careers.
Career Counseling With Lesbian Clients: Using the Theory of Work Adjustment as a Framework
Authors: Degges‐White Suzanne , Shoffner Marie F.
Published: December 2011

Using the Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA; R. V. Dawis & L. H. Lofquist, 1984; L. H. Lofquist & R. V. Dawis, 1969) as a framework for identifying potential career challenges for lesbians, the authors explore the relationship between outness and discrimination and the four primary components of TWA. Career counseling implications are discussed, and specific suggestions are made for counselors.
The Evolution of Career Guidance and Counseling in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Zhang Weiyuan , Hu Xiaolu , Pope Mark
Published: December 2011

Although China has a long history of vocational guidance, it is functionally at a beginning stage in career development and counseling because of the historical vagaries of its political leadership. Vocational guidance and career counseling services, as a professional field, are now rapidly being developed to meet the growing need of Chinese society. M. Pope's (1995, 2000) social transitions stage model is applied to the development of career counseling in China. In particular, this article addresses historic and current trends in the economy and labor market in China and their profound impact on the development of career counseling.
From Colonialism to Ultranationalism: History and Development of Career Counseling in Malaysia
Authors: Pope Mark , Musa Muhaini , Singaravelu Hemla , Bringaze Tammy , Russell Martha
Published: December 2011

This article documents the development of career counseling in Malaysia from 1957—when the British colonizers departed—to 2000. Although counseling, psychology, and psychiatry had their roots in mental health and medical environments, career counseling had its origins in the system of schooling and has now spread widely to business and industry. This article presents information on the historic and economic context of the development of career counseling, an exploration of the educational system from which career counseling was born, the cultural elements that have formed career counseling in the Malaysian context, and the application of M. Pope's (1995, 2000) stage development model to the development of career counseling in the Malaysian context.
Challenges for Career Counseling in Asia: Variations in Cultural Accommodation
Authors: Leong Frederick T. L.
Published: December 2011

Using K. Lewin's (1938) concept of a force field analysis, a model is proposed for examining the challenges of providing career counseling in Asia in terms of prevailing and countervailing forces. The model also suggests a need to avoid a simple importation of Western models of career counseling, which may not be an optimal fit for the Asian cultural context. Instead, the cultural accommodation approach is offered as a viable alternative.
Testing a Model of Men's Nontraditional Occupational Choices
Authors: Lease Suzanne H.
Published: December 2011

Researchers have compiled an extensive body of literature on the factors that influence the “traditionality,” or the gender typical nature, of women's career choices. However, little has been written about the variables that might influence men to enter gender atypical occupations. This study tested L. H. Chusmir's (1990) model of men's nontraditional occupational choice, using a longitudinal sample of college‐age men in both gender traditional and nontraditional occupations. Liberal social attitudes, degree aspirations at Time 2, and socioeconomic status were directly predictive of nontraditional career choice, whereas the importance of a prestigious career at Time 1 and academic ability had an indirect influence on whether a traditional career choice was made.
Designing Lives and Empowering Clients: The Case of Sue
Authors: Porfeli Erik J.
Published: December 2011

This case response centers on the client Sue, a professional mediator who seeks counseling to resolve a conflict with her employer that threatens her vocational identity (M. C. Rehfuss, 2003). P. B. Baltes's (1997) Selective Optimization With Compensation model of human development and J. Heckhausen and R. Schulz's (1995) Life‐Span Theory of Control are used to frame Sue's career development, identify her current control orientation, and assist her in making the transition from compensation to an optimizing strategy. Such a strategy aims to preserve her vocational identity while satisfying the needs of her employer.
Beyond Mentoring: Alternative Sources and Functions of Developmental Support
Authors: Allen Tammy D. , Finkelstein Lisa M.
Published: December 2011

Content analyses were used to explore alternative sources and functions of developmental support other than mentoring among nonfaculty university employees. The majority of participants reported that they had an alternative source of developmental support outside of a mentoring relationship, that the developmental functions (i.e., kinds of support) provided by these sources varied, and that there were differences in sources and functions by participant age and gender. The alternative source of support most frequently mentioned was coworkers. The results also suggested that alternative sources of support may provide many of the functions associated with traditional mentors, although the full range may not be represented.
Client Anticipations About Computer‐Assisted Career Guidance System Outcomes
Authors: Osborn Debra S. , Peterson Gary W. , Sampson James P. , Reardon Robert C.
Published: December 2011

Although existing literature suggests that client anticipations affect career counseling, previous studies have not systematically assessed client anticipations prior to using computer‐assisted career guidance (CACG) systems in career counseling. This study describes how 55 clients from a career center at a large, southeastern university anticipated using CACG systems to help in their career decision making and problem solving. Using a Cognitive Information Processing framework, responses to a cued and a free response survey indicated that clients' most frequent anticipations included increased career options, enhanced self‐knowledge, and strengthened occupational knowledge.
Career Counselors as Advocates and Change Agents for Equality
Authors: Hansen Sunny S.
Published: December 2011

This analysis of the career counseling profession's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats emphasizes the importance of the profession's contributions to fostering equality in a democratic society. Career counseling professionals and their National Career Development Association are well positioned to expand their concentration on fostering the career development of individuals to encompass advocacy about public policy and agency in changing systems. Advances in the use of technology, attention to multicultural issues, and advocacy of holistic models have the potential to enrich the career counseling profession's contributions to individual development and social equality.
Career Counseling in the Future: Constructing, Collaborating, Advocating
Authors: Tang Mei
Published: December 2011

Helping individuals adapt to changing environments is a major strength of career development practice. Additional strengths are a solid theoretical framework, effective assessment tools and technology, and a clear professional identity. Areas of weakness include the lack of integration of contextual factors into career intervention strategies, poor communication between practitioners and researchers, insufficient attention to underserved populations, and inadequate training in counselor education programs. Changes in the economy and in social structures require that people possess adaptive skills; therefore, career counselors should expand their efforts to help clients construct their lives, collaborate with other professionals, and advocate for clients.
Advancing the Career Counseling Profession: Objectives and Strategies for the Next Decade
Authors: Savickas Mark L.
Published: December 2011

This article discusses the 9 analyses of the career counseling profession's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that appear in this September 2003 special issue of The Career Development Quarterly. The author identifies points of convergence, proposes a mission statement, and summarizes what career counselors seem intent on doing in the coming years. The analysts recommended that the career counseling profession concentrate on 8 objectives: advancing theory that is more holistic, contextual, and multicultural; using accumulated research more effectively; focusing new research on the career counseling process; exploiting technology to construct new tools; ameliorating career counseling training; expanding the National Career Development Association's role; increasing advocacy about public policy; and fostering the international growth of the profession.
Practice and Research in Career Counseling and Development—2002
Authors: Flores Lisa Y. , Scott Anne B. , Wang Yu‐Wei , Yakushko Oksana , McCloskey Charlotte M. , Spencer Katherine G. , Logan Stephanie A.
Published: December 2011

The authors present a review of the 2002 career development literature. The literature review is divided into the following areas: career theory, career assessment, career counseling interventions and practice, career counseling training and professional issues, and international issues in career counseling. The authors discuss the implications of the findings in this literature for career counseling practice.
Career Coaching: Practice, Training, Professional, and Ethical Issues
Authors: Chung Y. Barry , Gfroerer M. Coleman Allen
Published: December 2011

The authors address the practice, training, professional, and ethical issues of career coaching and propose recommendations regarding the professional organization, training, certification, code of ethics, research, and multicultural issues related to the field.
Career Planning Validity of Self‐Estimates and Test Estimates of Work‐Relevant Abilities
Authors: Prediger Dale J.
Published: December 2011

This study sought to determine whether self‐estimates of work‐relevant abilities can improve upon the validity of test estimates (scores). Validity for career planning applications was the focus. The study (final sample of 1,620 college students) used 9 self‐estimates and test estimates to predict certainty‐screened occupational choices grouped by J. L. Holland (1997) types. The addition of ability self‐estimates to test estimates substantially improved upon the validity of test estimates alone. Study results (together with previous research) suggest that ability self‐estimates can provide efficient additions or alternatives to test estimates during career planning, while substantially broadening the range of abilities under consideration.
Survivors of Downsizing: Helpful and Hindering Experiences
Authors: Amundson Norman E. , Borgen William A. , Jordan Sharalyn , Erlebach Anne C.
Published: December 2011

Thirty‐one downsizing survivors from both the private and public sector were interviewed to determine incidents that either helped or hindered their transition through 1 or more organizational downsizings. A critical incident technique was used to analyze and organize the data around themes that emerged. Themes were represented by both positive and negative incidents and were grouped using transition phases. Results support and add new detail and insight into topics developed in previous studies. Implications are discussed for organizations' handling of downsizing or restructuring as well as reducing negative and enhancing positive influences and events. Counseling recommendations are offered for easing survivors through the transition.
Realized Potential or Lost Talent: High School Variables and Bachelor's Degree Completion
Authors: Trusty Jerry , Niles Spencer G.
Published: December 2011

This study examined how background and high school variables affected participants in either realizing their potential by completing a bachelor's degree or experiencing lost talent by not completing a bachelor's degree. A sample of participants who had demonstrated above average cognitive ability and had high postsecondary educational goals when in 8th grade was selected from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (national longitudinal data from 1988 to 2000; National Education, 2002). Several background and high school variables had strong effects on degree completion. Results were used to develop the Realized Potential or Lost Talent model. Implications for helping young people in their educational‐career development are included.
Constructing a Life That Works: Part 1, Blending Postmodern Family Therapy and Career Counseling
Authors: Campbell Cathy , Ungar Michael
Published: December 2011

Postmodern approaches to career counseling are well suited to addressing the challenges a postindustrial world poses to career development and overall life design. In this, the 1st of 2 articles exploring theory and practice, the authors examine the differences between traditional trait and factor models of career counseling and postmodern approaches using life narratives and social constructionism. As career counselors and marriage and family therapists, the authors' approach to career development integrates the literature on postmodern family therapy with emerging narrative approaches to career counseling. The 2nd article (C. Campbell & M. Ungar, 2004) discusses 7 aspects of the authors' daily practice as postmodern career counselors.
Family Factors Associated With Sixth‐Grade Adolescents' Math and Science Career Interests
Authors: Turner Sherri L. , Steward Jason C. , Lapan Richard T.
Published: December 2011

This study tested a causal model, based on social cognitive career theory (SCCT; R. W. Lent, S. D. Brown, & G. Hackett, 1994, 2000), of math and science career interests among 6th‐grade adolescents (N = 318). Consistent with SCCT, it was found that career gender‐typing, mother's and father's support for pursuing math and science careers, as well as the structure of the family itself (2‐parent intact vs. single parent) predicted young adolescents' math self‐efficacy; career gender‐typing and mother's support predicted math outcome expectations; and math self‐efficacy and outcome expectations predicted math and science career interests. Counselor recommendations based on these findings are included.
Contributions of Self‐Efficacy Theory to Career Counseling: A Personal Perspective
Authors: Betz Nancy E.
Published: December 2011

The author provides a brief overview of A. Bandura's (1977, 1997) self‐efficacy theory, followed by a discussion of the value of this theory to career counselors, which includes particularly useful features of the concept of self‐efficacy and suggestions for its application in career assessment and counseling, with a special focus on group interventions.
An Inside Look at an Outside Candidate
Authors: Vinton Donna
Published: December 2011

This article traces the author's emotional journey of a job search, from finding what seems to be the perfect position to being turned down for the job. It is intended to remind counselors, employers, and job seekers of the emotional side of a process that is often seen as a simple series of rational, cognitive, and carefully planned steps.
College Expectations of Rural Appalachian Youth: An Exploration of Social Cognitive Career Theory Factors
Authors: Ali Saba Rasheed , Saunders Jodi L.
Published: December 2011

An examination of social cognitive career theory (SCCT; R. W. Lent, S. D. Brown, & G. Hackett, 1994, 2000) factors contributing to the college expectations of high school students (N= 87) in rural Appalachia was conducted. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed support for the role of SCCT variables in predicting expectations to attend college. Specifically, the SCCT variables of perceptions of parental support and self‐efficacy beliefs independently predicted Appalachian youth's expectations to attend college. Results are discussed in relation to SCCT, and implications for counseling and future research are presented.
Spirituality, Religion, and Career Development: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Duffy Ryan D.
Published: December 2011

The growing interest in the role that spirituality and religion play in mental health has spawned research investigating the relationships between spirituality, religion, and career development. To date, only a limited number of studies have explored these variables in tandem, but generally these investigations have found aspects of spirituality and religion to relate positively to career decision self‐efficacy, career values, and job satisfaction. Theoretical models that explore the connection between these variables are outlined, and future research directions and counseling implications are suggested.
Frank Parsons's Enablers: Pauline Agassiz Shaw, Meyer Bloomfield, and Ralph Albertson
Authors: Hershenson David B.
Published: December 2011

Frank Parsons was not the 1st American to recognize or address the need for vocational guidance. Why he, rather than his predecessors, is credited with initiating the field can be attributed to the largely overlooked contributions of 3 other persons: Pauline Agassiz Shaw, Meyer Bloomfield, and Ralph Albertson. The author calls attention to the contributions of these 3 remarkable individuals, and several others who supported them, in enabling and perpetuating Parsons's work.
Metacognition and Multicultural Competence: Expanding the Culturally Appropriate Career Counseling Model
Authors: Byars‐Winston Angela M. , Fouad Nadya A.
Published: December 2011

The authors focus on the significance of the counselor's cultural contexts in effective career interventions vis‐à‐vis the incorporation of multicultural metacognition. They briefly summarize and critique extant career counseling models for racial/ethnic minority clients and then describe an expanded model for career counseling that incorporates metacognition processes for addressing counselor‐related cultural factors.
Religion, Spirituality, and Career Development in African American College Students: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Constantine Madonna G. , Miville Marie L. , Warren Anika K. , Gainor Kathy A. , Lewis‐Coles Ma'at E. L.
Published: December 2011

The authors explored through semistructured interviews the interrelationships of religion, spirituality, and career development in a sample of 12 African American undergraduate students. Using consensual qualitative research methodology (C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson, & E. N. Williams, 1997), they identified 6 primary domains or themes related to these students' experiences in this regard, including (a) degree of identification as religious and/or spiritual, (b) parents' influence on religious and spiritual beliefs, (c) roles of religion and spirituality in participants' career development, (d) challenges in dealing with academic and career‐related issues, (e) religious and spiritual strategies to deal with academic and career‐related challenges, and (f) indicators of success in future career or occupation.
Effects of Career Counseling on French Adults: An Experimental Study
Authors: Bernaud Jean‐Luc , Gaudron Jean‐Philippe , Lemoine Claude
Published: December 2011

This research project is focused on theoretical and empirical works analyzing the effects of career counseling. This experimental and longitudinal study has been carried out in France; it compares a sample of individuals having undertaken competence assessment with a control group and deals with self‐esteem, self‐analysis, self‐concept, and the participants' situations. The results correspond to the authors' main hypotheses: The effect size calculated for all the variables (+0.62) is similar to the one observed in the meta‐analyses concerning the same topic. The stability of effects has also been demonstrated for 2 out of 3 categories of variables (effect size +0.44) in spite of a slight decrease in the production of self‐concept. Finally, treatment intensity seems to have a lesser effect than the one expected, but it strengthens its role in the development of self‐analysis. The discussion focuses on the prospects for counseling practice assessment, as well as theoretical directions meriting future development.
Cross‐Cultural Interviewing in the Hiring Process: Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Lim Choon‐Hwa , Winter Richard , Chan Christopher C. A.
Published: December 2011

Although interviews are used widely in the selection of suitable job applicants, recruiters may unconsciously be operating from culturally biased frameworks. In this article, the use of interviews across different cultural backgrounds and the potential for cultural bias are presented. Two case studies are used to illustrate the importance of cultural sensitivity in successful interviewing. Effective techniques, which include establishing rapport with the candidate, building a relationship, and choosing appropriate interview styles, are provided for practitioners.
Using the Self‐Directed Search: Career Explorer With High‐Risk Middle School Students
Authors: Osborn Debra S. , Reardon Robert C.
Published: December 2011

The Self‐Directed Search: Career Explorer was used with 98 (95% African American) high‐risk middle school students as part of 14 structured career groups based on Cognitive Information Processing theory. Results and implications are presented on the outcomes of this program.
The Influence of Role Models on Women's Career Choices
Authors: Quimby Julie L. , De Santis Angela M.
Published: December 2011

This study of 368 female undergraduates examined self‐efficacy and role model influence as predictors of career choice across J. L. Holland's (1997) 6 RIASEC (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional) types. Findings showed that levels of self‐efficacy and role model influence differed across Holland types. Multiple regression analyses indicated that self‐efficacy and role model influence accounted for significant variance in career choice for all 6 RIASEC types. Role model influence added to the prediction of career choice over and above the contribution of self‐efficacy in all but 1 of the RIASEC types. The importance of attention to role models in career counseling is discussed.
Trauma Symptoms: Relationship With Career Thoughts, Vocational Identity, and Developmental Work Personality
Authors: Strauser David R. , Lustig Daniel C. , Cogdal Pamela A. , Uruk Ayşe Çiftçi
Published: December 2011

Knowledge of traumatic events and how trauma symptoms relate to social and psychological well‐being continues to grow. One aspect of an individual's functioning that may be affected by exposure to traumatic events is the ability of the individual to engage in career‐ and work‐related activities (D. H. Coursol, J. Lewis, & L. Garrity, 2001). The current study examines the relationship between trauma symptoms and the career development process of 131 college students. Results indicate a significant relationship between higher levels of trauma symptoms and higher levels of dysfunctional career thoughts and lower levels of work personality. Implications for career counselors are discussed.
Strategies for Multicultural Student Success: What About Grad School?
Authors: Ulloa Emilio C. , Herrera Marisel
Published: December 2011

A workshop was presented to undergraduates as a collection of ethnic minority voices, which provided students an opportunity to participate in an ethnic minority focused event that encouraged mentoring relationships and created opportunities for the sharing of advice between ethnic minority undergraduate and graduate students. The workshop's goals and agenda and implications for counselors are described. The feedback from students was overwhelmingly positive. The authors believe that colleges and universities, and the ethnic minority students who attend them, would benefit greatly from the formal and structured implementation of a workshop series dedicated to encouraging graduate school as a postbaccalaureate option.
Understanding and Facilitating Career Development of People of Appalachian Culture: An Integrated Approach
Authors: Tang Mei , Russ Kathryn
Published: December 2011

The literature on career development for people of Appalachian culture is sparse. This article reviews cultural values of Appalachians and proposes an innovative career intervention model to best serve people of this culture. The model integrates the concepts of the social cognitive career development approach (R. W. Lent, S. D. Brown, & G. Hackett, 1994) and ecological counseling principles (R. K. Conyne & E. P. Cook, 2004). As this model demonstrates, providing contextual and cultural accommodation is critical in order to gain the trust and permission to work with people of Appalachian culture.
Getting Through to Them: Reaching Students Who Need Career Counseling
Authors: Lepre Carolyn Ringer
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a persuasive message, designed using the theory of planned behavior (TOPB; I. Ajzen, 1985) and written in the form of a student newspaper column, on undecided students' intent to seek career counseling from an informed source, such as a career counseling workshop. An experiment was conducted to test TOPB's applicability, and it was found that a message using positive reinforcement of salient beliefs and creating positive links between outcomes and workshop attendance caused a change in behavioral intention toward a greater reported likelihood of workshop attendance.
Differences in Thinking Styles of Artists and Engineers
Authors: Gridley Mark C.
Published: December 2011

Seventy‐one professional fine artists and 147 engineers completed Sternberg's Intellectual Styles Questionnaire (R. J. Sternberg & R. K. Wagner, 1991). Artists preferred less external input in their work than engineers preferred, and engineers were more inclined to prioritize their thinking. Artists preferred devising their own plans significantly more than did engineers.
Relational Personality Theory and Holland's Typology Among Women: An Exploratory Investigation
Authors: Rees Amy M. , Luzzo Darrell Anthony , Gridley Betty E. , Doyle Carol
Published: December 2011

Relational personality theorists propose that women have a tendency to view themselves in the context of relationships with others and to make decisions to optimize and maintain relationships. The current study explored whether relational identity may underlie women's career interests as measured by Holland's typology and examined possible implications of this relationship in career settings. Measures of women's connected self and the Social dimension of Holland's typology were found to be related but separate constructs. Participants with Social interests also indicated some variation in their interest in working in collaborative environments and/or in helping roles on the job.
Career Counseling Is Personal Counseling: A Constructivist Approach to Nurturing the Development of Gifted Female Adolescents
Authors: Maxwell Millie
Published: December 2011

Gifted individuals face many concerns when contemplating their futures. Often hindered by career indecision; perfectionism; and multiple personal, familial, and societal pressures, some gifted young people flounder when they have the ability to flourish. Many counselors and educators trust that a wealth of talents will propel these adolescents to automatic life success, and the unique needs of this population can go unmet. This article considers the complexity of challenges facing gifted young women, presents current and potential interventions, and encourages integrating developmental and constructivist theories with objectivist techniques. Implications for practitioners and future research suggestions are highlighted.
The Effect of a Career Development Course on the Dysfunctional Career Thoughts of Racially and Ethnically Diverse College Freshmen
Authors: Osborn Debra S. , Howard Drema K. , Leierer Stephen J.
Published: December 2011

Pre‐ and posttests revealed that the dysfunctional career thoughts of 158 racially and ethnically diverse college freshmen were significantly reduced following a 6‐week, 1‐credit‐hour career development course. Freshmen with the highest level of dysfunctional career thinking indicated the most dramatic decrease. These reductions in dysfunctional career thinking occurred irrespective of students' gender or race/ethnicity.
Introduction to the Special Section
Authors: Richmond Lee J. , Pope Mark
Published: December 2011

In this special section of The Career Development Quarterly, the authors pay tribute to the contributions of David Valentine Tiedeman (1919–2004) to the theory and practice of career counseling and development and vocational psychology. Tiedeman is honored as laying the foundation for the contemporary theory and practice of career construction. The articles published in this section emerged as a result of a special symposium dedicated to honor Tiedeman and his work that was held at the 2006 National Career Development Association Global Conference in Chicago.
David V. Tiedeman: Engineer of Career Construction
Authors: Savickas Mark L.
Published: December 2011

Tiedeman (1919–2004) designed the blueprint for equipping and building career construction theory. After making significant contributions to the statistical analysis of occupational behavior, he shifted to a constructivist epistemology for comprehending careers as the imposition of direction on vocational behavior. The cornerstones of his theoretical edifice unite the concepts that career emerges from self‐organization, purposeful action bridges discontinuity, and decisions evolve through differentiation and integration. His counseling methods help clients reorganize self to better pursue purpose at work and in leisure. Tiedeman's model and methods remain instructive and inspiring to the contemporary theory and practice of career construction.
A Tribute to David Tiedeman
Authors: Jepsen David A.
Published: December 2011

This tribute to Tiedeman takes the form of an invitation to read his written work. The author concludes that Tiedeman's body of work is unique and paradoxical, abstract and challenging, and deeply practical. He offered principles intended to change the way counselors think about careers and career development.
Career Counseling in a Volatile Job Market: Tiedeman's Perspective Revisited
Authors: Duys David K. , Ward Janice E. , Maxwell Jane A. , Eaton‐Comerford Leslie
Published: December 2011

This article explores implications of Tiedeman's original theory for career counselors. Some components of the theory seem to be compatible with existing volatile job market conditions. Notions of career path recycling, development in reverse, nonlinear progress, and parallel streams in career development are explored. Suggestions are made for counseling interventions and future research using this perspective.
Essential Tiedeman: Anchoring the North Star for Human Development
Authors: Miller‐Tiedeman Anna
Published: December 2011

In quantum physics, whatever is observed is changed; therefore, it is all perception. Given those findings and to save Tiedeman from interpretation, in this article, he speaks for himself in 5 areas: (a) his professional credo, (b) the Harvard Studies in Career Development, (c) the 1983 Assembly to Advance Career, (d) statistics of vocational guidance, and (e) transformation in his thought.
Systemic Influences on Career Development: Assisting Clients to Tell Their Career Stories
Authors: McMahon Mary L. , Watson Mark B.
Published: December 2011

A challenge for career theory informed by constructivism is how to apply it in practice. This article describes a career counseling intervention based on the constructivist Systems Theory Framework (STF) of career development and the qualitative career assessment instrument derived from it, the My System of Career Influences (MSCI; M. McMahon, W. Patton, & M. Watson, 2005a, 2005b; M. McMahon, M. Watson, & W. Patton, 2005) refection process. The article provides an overview of the STF, describes the MSCI, and illustrates the application of the MSCI in a counseling process with an adolescent.
Current Status and Future Agenda for the Theory, Research, and Practice of Childhood Career Development
Authors: Schultheiss Donna E. Palladino
Published: December 2011

This article reviews the current status and a future agenda for childhood career development theory, research, and practice. The fragmented nature of the current state of the literature is noted, and a call is made for a reexamination and reconsideration of the childhood developmental pathways of life's work. It is suggested that the study of children's work behavior be rooted in life contexts, most notably, families, communities, and schools.
Children's Vocational Development: A Research Rationale
Authors: Porfeli Erik J. , Hartung Paul J. , Vondracek Fred W.
Published: December 2011

Vocational development research and interventions have focused primarily on adolescents and young adults. The lack of attention to career development antecedents in children has led to a serious neglect of this period of life when the foundation is laid for career choices and outcomes in later life. A harmful by‐product is the frequent preclusion of gender‐atypical occupational pathways by boys and especially by girls. To address this situation, the authors recommend identifying a core set of constructs that describe children's vocational development and developing sound instruments to measure them, leading to a longitudinal study ranging from childhood to early adulthood.
Children's Career Development: Metaphorical Images of Theory, Research, and Practice
Authors: Watson Mark , McMahon Mary
Published: December 2011

This summative article discusses 5 invited contributions on children's career development. The authors of these articles were asked to consider the status quo of children's career development, issues facing this field, and future directions. Several emergent themes focused on theory, research, and practice and their interactive potential in children's career development. Suggestions for future direction in the study of children's career development include the need for greater contextualization and interdisciplinary collaboration, the revision and innovation of theory, and the need for organizing frameworks for theory, research, and practice.