bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women’s empowerment and contraceptive use: a community-based survey in peri-urban Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Ansong Judith Kyei , Otupiri Easmon , Apenkwa Joana , Kuma Aboagye Patrick
Published: July 2019

Background: Many reasons have been used to explain why contraceptive uptake in Ghana has not been as impressive as desired. One area that has not received enough attention is that of women’s empowerment. This study sought a better understanding of how women’s empowerment influences contraceptive uptake.

Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to interview 761 currently married or cohabiting women aged 15-49 years who were residents of Asawasi and Oforikrom for at least two years and consented to be part of the study. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to link the exposure variables: the three measures of empowerment and other variables such as age, marital status, religion, education, ethnicity, income and number of living children with the outcome variable (current or future contraceptive use). Excel was used for data entry and STATA for analyses.

Results: In total, 29% of respondents were empowered in all the three categories used to measure empowerment in this study; 34% were empowered in two of the three categories, 29% were empowered in only one category while 9% of the women were not empowered in any of the categories. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds of empowered women using contraceptives was significantly higher than the odds of women who were not empowered.

Conclusions: Provision of economic interventions to empower and uplift conditions of women is needed to bring change in the economic status of their families and remove their dependence upon family members. This would make women in peri-urban Kumasi economically independent in making contraceptive choices and decisions, which would help in the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals: One (to end poverty in all its forms everywhere) and Five (to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls).
Physical culture
Authors: Филиппова Юлия , Filippova Yuliya
Published: July 2019

Educational manual is devoted to the organization of physical education with students of part-time Department. The manual provides brief information on human anatomy, physiology, theory and methodology of physical education, provides material for independent practical work aimed at mastering the methods and means of physical culture and sports activities and self-control, for the acquisition of personal experience in the use of physical culture and sports, the formation of professional and life skills. Physical culture is the key to active professional activity. It is the result of education and training in relation to a person's health, physical abilities and abilities, in the way of life and the construction of the necessary socio-cultural comfortable environment. Within the framework of classical University education, physical culture and sports are activities aimed at achieving personal maturity. The Olympic Charter says: "Olympism is a philosophy of life, exalting and combining in a harmonious whole dignity of the body, will and mind." The student after mastering the program of this discipline in accordance with the GEF VPO should: know: the basics of physical culture and a healthy lifestyle; be able to: apply methods and means of knowledge, learning and self-control to maintain their health, moral and physical self-improvement; methodically it is correct to use means and methods of physical education, health promotion for achievement of the due level of physical readiness providing full-fledged social and professional activity.
Own: a system of practical skills that ensure the preservation and strengthening of health, development and improvement of psychophysical abilities and qualities (with the implementation of the established standards for General physical and sports and technical training); personal experience in the use of physical and sports activities to improve their functional and motor capabilities, to achieve personal life and professional goals.
It is important to distinguish between sports activities that are built around officially organized competitive interactions of individuals and physical activity, which is based on the deliberate use of physical exercise (physical activity) to achieve certain goals (health promotion, recreation, rehabilitation, etc.) and which is also often organized in the form of competitions.
Mastering this subject should change and make people's lives better.
Education of students with disabilities in higher education
Authors: Михальчи Екатерина , Mihal'chi Ekaterina
Published: July 2019

The manual in a brief reference form includes such aspects of the implementation of higher inclusive education as pedagogical conditions for teaching students with disabilities, technical equipment of the educational process and the regulatory framework of inclusive education, the creation of adapted educational programs of higher education for persons with disabilities and the development of adaptation courses. The manual can be recommended to teachers, staff and administration of higher educational institutions of different profiles, assistants, psychologists, employees of centers of inclusive education and used in conducting briefings on work in inclusive groups.
Recirculating flow in a basin with closed f/h contours
Authors: Fuller Alexander M. , Haine Thomas W.N. , Kvaleberg Erik
Published: July 2019

A general circulation model is used to study the time evolution of a rotating, weakly baroclinic fluid in a basin with sloping sidewalls. Contours of f/h, where f is the Coriolis parameter and h is the depth of the fluid, are closed in this model. The fluid is forced
by a localized source of positive vorticity. The initial response is a narrow, recirculating cell that resembles a β-plume modified by bathymetry. Such cells have been found in previous studies and have been linked to the recirculation cells observed in the subpolar North Atlantic. However,
this is not a steady solution in this basin with closed f/h contours, and the circulation evolves into a gyre that encircles the basin. The time at which this transition occurs depends on the Rossby number, with higher Rossby numbers transitioning earlier. Based on the budget of potential
vorticity, an argument is made that the western boundary is not long enough to drain significant vorticity from the flow and therefore a bathymetric β-plume is not a steady solution. A similar argument suggests that the Labrador Sea cannot sustain steady, linear, barotropic recirculations
either. We speculate that the observed recirculations depend on inertial separation at sharp bathymetric gradients to break the assumption of linearity, which leads to significant viscous dissipation.
The effects of KT ≠ KS in a Stommel-like model of the upper Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation under steady surface flux forcing
Authors: Gargett A.E.
Published: July 2019

This study examines a simple 6-box model of a single pole-to-pole ocean basin. Each of a northern "polar gyre," a southern "polar gyre," and an "equatorial gyre," consisting of north and south subtropical gyres plus the equatorial region, is represented by two boxes: a surface box receiving
constant fluxes of both temperature (heat) and salt (freshwater) and a deep box. The model includes four dominant processes: surface flux forcing, horizontal meridional advection driven by Southern Ocean winds, horizontal eddy diffusion at gyre boundaries, and convection, as well as the process
of vertical diffusion by small-scale processes. Provided that heat loss from the northern polar gyre is sufficiently larger than that from the southern polar gyre, a steady-state Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)-like system, i. e., one with sinking in the north polar gyre
and upwelling in a weakly stratified southern polar gyre, is obtained at present values of RF ≡ βFS / αFT, the ratio of surface forcing by fluxes of temperature (T ) and salinity (S ) in the equatorial gyre. Despite the fact that vertical
diffusive fluxes are much smaller than those associated with all the other processes, it is shown that implementation in this model of a simple water mass–based representation of different vertical diffusivities for T and S, the two water properties that, with pressure,
determine the density of seawater, can lead to profound change in the steady-state modes of the system. With equal diffusivities, the AMOC-like mode with north polar convection shifts abruptly to a mode with equatorial convection at sufficiently large values of RF. With unequal diffusivities,
this mode boundary is replaced by an intermediate region of RF values in which all three gyres are stratified. The existence and extent of this stratified regime is shown to result predominantly from the differences between vertical turbulent diffusivities of T and S in
the "salt fingering" equatorial gyre. Existence of a stratified regime at values of RF somewhat larger that present implies a tendency towards stable stratification throughout the oceans if, under climate change, the equatorial diffusivity difference were to increase as a result of
water mass changes in the subtropical gyres and/or an increase in RF as a result of increased atmospheric freshwater fluxes and/or decreased heat fluxes. This tendency towards an everywhere-stratified ocean is independent of that expected from increased freshwater addition to surface
polar oceans due to ice melt.
Fashion as an event: Conservation and its digital (dis)contents
Authors: Scaturro Sarah
Published: July 2019

Fashion conservators face documentation challenges specific to the very nature of fashion objects, including their fragile and ephemeral materialities, three-dimensionality and inherently mutable forms. Conservation documentation is, in this sense, central to the definition of an object in a museum, moving beyond its practical and bureaucratic function of capturing an object’s current state and the treatment undertaken to address its problems.

This article presents an insight into the work of the conservator and reflects on the different issues connected to digital and non-digital documentation practices within a fashion museum. It explores the ways in which a fashion conservator generates technical documentation to capture information regarding the methods of an object’s creation and what might have been done to it before it entered the museum. What is this archive of conservation documentation and how is it made? Who uses it and what do they do with it? How do conservators document fashion and are they successful in capturing its temporal values? This article provides answers to these questions, exploring an overlooked practice and readdressing the agency of the fashion conservator in the definition of fashion in the museum.
Navigating fashion: On the role of digital fashion archives in the preservation, classification and dissemination of fashion heritage
Authors: Franceschini Marta
Published: July 2019

Digital platforms propose themselves to be repositories of objects, translating the actual archive into a digital architecture made of files and data. However, in becoming digital data, the very materiality of fashion objects changes, leading to the formation of structures that preserve and organize these objects. This article considers digital archives dealing with fashion, aiming to capture the nuances of the digitization and opening up of collections in relation to definitions of the fashion archive and of fashion itself. It looks at the ways in which institutions dealing with fashion heritage have relied on digital technologies to archive data and make them available to wider audiences. The article does this through the examination of three case studies: Open Fashion, the platform developed by fashion museum MoMu (ModeMuseum Provincie Antwerpen) in Antwerp, together with Artesis Hogeschool Antwerpen; Europeana Fashion, a platform gathering digital data linked to fashion heritage from more than thirty institutions around Europe; and the Digital Archive of Armani/Silos, a corporate archive open to the public but searchable only from within the exhibition space in Milan. These three projects will first be described, then their digital platforms and strategies will be analysed in order to evaluate both their positive aspects and the risks involved in setting up and maintaining these digital depots. Ultimately, the main objectives of the article are to evaluate both the spaces and the boundaries that these archives have created and to understand the ways in which access generated by digitization channels either enables or restricts interpretation of fashion objects.
A history of fashion without fashion: Recovering the stout body in the digital archive
Authors: Peters Lauren Downing
Published: July 2019

Since its beginnings in the mid-1980s as an interdisciplinary field of study indebted to its more entrenched sister disciplines of costume studies and dress history, fashion studies has witnessed scholars adopt a number of innovative methods and approaches, stemming from fields as disparate as economic history and ethnology. Even amid this diversity of approaches, however, the object – and more specifically, the garment – continues to hold a place of special importance in the minds and research of fashion studies scholars. What happens, however, when the material record is lacking or absent? What methods and resources can fashion scholars employ to reconstruct a history of fashion without fashion?

With my doctoral research into the history of the stoutwear industry – the early-twentieth-century predecessor to what is today known as plus-size fashion – serving as a case study, this article will examine how the digital may enable scholars to recover histories of fashion; retrace historical self-fashioning practices; retrieve lost memories; and reconstruct bodies that have been lost due to conventional practices of conservation, collecting and archiving. In addition to describing my process and findings, this article will more generally consider the possibilities, but also the perils, of conducting historical fashion research in the digital realm.
Pluripotent Selves and the Performance of Stem Cells
Authors: Johung Jennifer
Published: July 2019

Guy Ben-Ary’s installation cellf, utilizes induced pluripotent stem cell technologies to reverse-engineer his own skin cells into embryonic stem which are then re-differentiating down a neural pathway. In cellF Ben-Ary is regenerated as a hybrid living/non-living entity capable
of interacting with other musicians in real time and space.Yet recent research into the embryonic stem cell state of pluripotency challenges us to rethink Ben-Ary’s self as not so very different from his living/non-living pluralized cellF.Pluripotency in hES cells is induced and maintained
by viral DNA, inserted over time into our genome by retroviruses classified as not-quite-living. This means that the identifying marker for our ability to regenerate many times and selves is inextricably tied to the work of non-living entities. Therefore we may consider the entanglement of
pluripotent stem cell and non-living catalyst as necessary for both the endless renewal of life and the distribution of life beyond itself.
Animals that Live in the Mirror: On Colonial Bestiaries and Interspecies Architecture
Authors: Gutierrez Christopher
Published: July 2019

In 1934 Berthold Lubetkin unveiled a new development designed for a peculiar client and located in a curious place. Lubetkin’s “The Penguin Pool” was the second building that he had built in as many years for the London Zoo and it was meant to house the zoo’s
newest acquisition of Antarctic penguins. The Penguin Pool was well received amongst architectural critics and the popular press alike and, as a relatively small concrete oval sunk into the ground with two elevated paths extending from the walls (Fig. 1), it represented a particular modernist
ideal of visuality. At the same time though, what’s good for viewing subjects may not necessarily be good for the subjects themselves. And what’s good for people may not necessarily be good for penguins. The pool, designed for the eyes of the human spectator, resulted in a lengthy
and list of problems for the penguins. Even that most modernist choice of materials – the decision to form the entire living area out of concrete – proved harmful as many of the penguins developed aching joints from having to walk on the hard surface.In taking this architectural
episode as one that is emblematic of the broader role of the animal in modern architecture, this article explores the curious relationship between animal, human and environment. Specifically, it argues that the construction choices of Lubetkin’s pool make visible a common theme that
extends across all of modern architecture: a willful ignorance of, or a concerted effort to control, biological life. Through an analysis of three related objects: the Penguin Pool, an archive of Le Corbusier’s sketches of animals, writings about his experiences in Algeria and hybridized
creatures, and the artist Dan Graham’s installations, My Two-Way Mirror Pavilions, this work draws together these attempts to control biological life with colonial discourses on the animality of the colonial subject and on Neo-Darwinist ideas of natural hierarchy. By exploring these
discourses as they are related to an imagined incommensurability and stratification of species, this article highlight the discursive constructs that work against shared, communal, and engaging multi species environments. And against these discursive forces, this work closes with a rereading
of both interspecies communication and evolutionary agency by pushing against arguments of interspecies incommensurability and focusing on instead on a call to reconsider the environment as a totality of shared, interspecies, experiences.
INCUBATOR Lab: Where Artists Collaborate with Life
Authors: Willet Jennifer
Published: July 2019

This article presents the research philosophies, artworks, and practices of INCUBATOR Lab, a bioart research and teaching facility at the School of Creative Arts, University of Windsor, Canada. Research/creation projects produced range from microbial artworks, interspecies performances,
social practice projects, and textual analysis, to artworks that can only be seen with a microscope. The facility provides innovations in public engagement through (1) making daily bioart laboratory activities visible to online and local audiences; (2) serving as a gallery where artworks that
are unable to leave the BSL2 laboratory setting can be safely displayed for audiences; and (3) providing a multimedia performing arts venue where seated audiences can view theatre and performance events that integrate BSL2 biotechnologies into multimedia storytelling and performance genres.
INCUBATOR Lab is an institutional space, an artwork, an ecology, and a biosphere where human and non-human organisms collaboratively and co-dependently produce bioart research and creation.
“SUBVERSIVE SOMATOLOGY”: EMBODIED COMMUNICATION IN THE EARLY MODERN STAG HUNT
Authors: Lambert Shannon
Published: July 2019

Using the performative and affective elements of Gilles Deleuze’s conception of “meat,” I argue that the literary representation of stag hunting in the early modern period can serve as a model for an embodied understanding of interspecies communication and interaction.
The stag hunt—more than any other form of hunting during the early modern period—is frequently construed in allegorical terms, which sustain human-animal divisions and reinforce notions of human superiority. However, beginning with George Gascoigne’s treatise The Noble Arte
of Venerie or Hunting (1575), I explore how elements of the stag hunt like imitation blur these boundaries, posing a challenge to essentialist conceptions of the human, and opening up more fluid mediums of corporeal communication.I then turn to Jaques’ encounter with the stag in Shakespeare’s
As You Like It (1599) to consider the potential for trans-species communication of material “passions.” My approach resonates with current work like that of Ralph Acampora, which attempts to shift the grounds of humans’ ethical consideration for animals from the psyche to
the soma.
Producción de leche en Argentina: un análisis de los quiebres estructurales para predicción
Authors: Chara Ana Laura , Vicentin Masaro Jimena
Published: July 2019

Muchos son los motivos por los que la cadena láctea argentina cobra especial relevancia en la economía nacional: el valor agregado generado, el ingreso de divisas por exportaciones y el gran requerimiento de mano de obra. Además, los productos son variados, arraigados a la idiosincrasia del país, fundamentales para la nutrición saludable e integrantes de la canasta básicas de los consumidores. Por ello, el Estado suele intervenir la cadena introduciendo políticas sectoriales para contener los precios internos o para amortiguar efectos de acontecimientos naturales. Desdehace años, el sector atraviesa distintas crisis, combinadas con procesos de cambios en su funcionamiento y estructura. El eslabón primario resulta crítico en el proceso y, aunque los reclamos sectoriales giran en torno a los precios recibidos, actualmente se encuentra en boga el proceso de concentración y los efectos sobre la competitividad del sector. En este contexto, el trabajo modela la serie univariada de la producción argentina de leche cruda entre 1983–2016 por medio de la metodología Box–Jekins, estudiando la presencia de quiebres estructurales econométricamente y conectándolos con los sucesos y políticas del momento; luego, se utiliza el modelo para predecir la evolución futura. Como resultados se encuentran tres quiebres estructurales, el primero a principios de los ’90, el segundo a finales de dicha década y el tercero a finales de 2003. El modelo que los incorpora permite realizar predicciones que muestran similar evolución a la realidad y que pronostican una recuperación moderada de la producción para fin de año.
El petróleo y su impacto total en el precio de los alimentos. Un abordaje Insumo Producto para Estados Unidos en 2002 y 2007
Authors: Roitbarg Hernán Alejandro
Published: July 2019

Entender los determinantes del auge del siglo XXI en los precios de los commodities es vital para Latinoamérica. En particular, el movimiento conjunto del precio del petróleo y los alimentos ha generado una controversia sobre el tipo de relación entre ambos. Más allá del reconocimiento del impacto de la estructura de insumos, pocos estudios han resaltado los vínculos directos e indirectos entre las importaciones de combustibles y el precio de los alimentos. En consecuencia, el objetivo de la presente investigación es describir la evolución del vínculo estructural entre el precio del petróleo crudo y el precio de los alimentos, en particular los productos agrícolas para el aumento desde 2002 hasta 2007 en Estados Unidos. La metodología utiliza un modelo de índice de precios insumo–producto basado en Cuadros de Oferta y Utilización para la economía de Estados Unidos en los años 2002 y 2007. Los resultados indican que un 9 % del aumento en alimentos responde a causas exógenas vinculadas a los insumos energéticos. La parte de las importaciones indirectas incidió entre un 2,4 % y un 0,07 %, existiendo un claro proceso de sustitución inversa cuya principal consecuencia es la menor dependencia de la energía extranjera. En conclusión, la metodología logra identificar una parte estructural del aumento del precio de los alimentos. No obstante, queda para otras instancias analizar otras hipótesis clásicas como el efecto de la restricción de capacidad en las zonas de menores costos, el impacto neto de los cambios técnicos en el cultivo y las transformaciones distributivas.
Ventajas competitivas de Uber sobre su competencia directa en el negocio de transporte privado en Guadalajara, Jal.
Authors: Bustamante-Hernández Carlos S. , Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: July 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es revelar información sobre la empresa Uber en Guadalajara, Jal. y su incursión en el mercado de transporte privado mexicano. El método empleado es una revisión bibliográfica y análisis de bases de datos secundarios de la empresa sobre el posicionamiento de UBER en el mercado de transporte de Guadalajara como actividad previa para realizar un análisis de competencia desde un punto de vista estratégico y económico. En consecuencia, del análisis del presente trabajo, se muestran los factores determinantes que han colocado a Uber como una de las empresas líderes dentro de su área de influencia y se termina con algunas recomendaciones sobre los conflictos que presenta la firma al entrar a un mercado nuevo en localización.
Effect of Exercise Program on Fatigue and Depression among Geriatric Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Hassan Abd Elhameed Soad , El Sayed Fadila Doaa
Published: July 2019

Background: Fatigue is one of the foremost common complications faced the hemodialysis elderly patients. Fatigue notÂ onlyÂ impact the daily lives and activities of patientsÂ butÂ itÂ conjointlyÂ influences their quality of life,Â which canÂ afterwardsÂ result inÂ magnified depression, tinyÂ social interactions and increase dependency on others.Aim: Determine the effect of exercise program on fatigue and depression among geriatric patients undergoing hemodialysis.Design: Randomized controlled trial (pretest post-test) design was used.Setting: The study was carried out in the dialysis units of Mansoura University Hospital and New Mansoura General Hospital.Subjects: A purposive sample of 62 geriatric patients undergoing hemodialysis was selected and randomly allocated into two equal groups, study group (n = 31) and control group (n =31).Tools: Three tools were used; Structured interview questionnaire sheet, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form.Results: The mean age of the study and control groups was 63.45Â±4.49 and 64.7Â±5.25 respectively. A high statistically significant change in fatigue and depression score (pre and post 2 months) between the study and the control groups was observed (P=0.000). Moreover, a statistically significant relation was observed between fatigue and age of the hemodialysis geriatric patients after implementation of the exercise program (P= 0.002).Conclusion: Implementation of the exercise program proved to be effective in improving the level of fatigue and depression among geriatric patients undergoing hemodialysis in the study group.Recommendation: Encourage geriatric patients undergoing hemodialysis to perform regularly range of motion and relaxation exercises in order to alleviate fatigue and overcome depression.Â Â
Kebijakan Internal Madrasah Dalam Memenuhi Kepuasan Orang Tua Siswa Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 1 Kulon Progo
Authors: Sudarman Sudarman
Published: July 2019

The underlying reason of the study is the importance of education in global era where parents demand that, to face the future, their children should both master science and technology and have strong religion base. To maintain trust from the society, madrasah must work hard. In the last few years, MIN 1 Kulon Progo, a madrasah (Islamic School) with the highest number of students in district Temon, has experienced a constant decrease in enrolments.   The sudy shows that student parents of MIN 1 Kulon Progo expect that students 1) worship more diligently, 2) possess better moral and personality, 3) have various skills, 4) achieve better grade, and 5) reach both academic and nonacademic achievements.To respond parents’ expectation, Madrasah issues policies such as 1) improving the students’ worship quality, 2) mending their moralsand attitude, 3) strengthening the pupils’ skills, 4) setting higherachievements, 5) raising goals both academic and non academic. The policies prove to fulfil the needs although some parents think differently. It also brought further benefit to the school as more parents send their children to MIN 1 Kulon Progo in 2018/2019 school year. The school reached the target of new students (56), and it even had to refuse some candidates.
A constructive method for convex solutions of a class of nonlinear Black-Scholes equations
Authors: Abounouh Mostafa , Al Moatassime Hassan , Driouch Aicha , Goubet Olivier
Published: July 2019

In this work, we are concerned with the theoretical study of a nonlinear Black-Scholes equation resulting from market frictions. We will focus our attention on Barles and Soner’s model where the volatility is enlarged due to the presence of transaction costs. The aim of this paper is to give a constructive mathematical approach for proving the existence of convex solutions to a non degenerate fully nonlinear deterministic problem with nonlinear dependence upon the highest derivative. The existence of a strong solution to the original equation is shown by considering a monotone sequence satisfying an abstract Barenblatt equation and converging toward the solution of a limit problem.
Regularity for minimizers for functionals of double phase with variable exponents
Authors: Ragusa Maria Alessandra , Tachikawa Atsushi
Published: July 2019

The functionals of double phase type

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
{\cal H} (u):= \int \left(|Du|^{p} + a(x)|Du|^{q} \right) dx, ~~
~~~(q \gt p \gt 1,~~a(x)\geq 0)
\end{array}$$

are introduced in the epoch-making paper by Colombo-Mingione [1] for constants p and q, and investigated by them and Baroni. They obtained sharp regularity results for minimizers of such functionals. In this paper we treat the case that the exponents are functions of x and partly generalize their regularity results.
Ecological orientations to sociolinguistic scale: Insights from study abroad experiences
Authors: Badwan Khawla , Simpson James
Published: July 2019

The sociolinguistics of globalisation, as an emerging paradigm, focuses on the impact of mobility on the linguistic capital of mobile individuals. To understand this, Blommaert advocates a scalar approach to language arguing that some people’s repertoires “will allow mobility while others will not” (2010. The sociolinguistics of globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 23) and proposing high scale, low scale orderings. In this paper we introduce an ecological orientation to sociolinguistic scale that challenges the fixity of a high/low scale distinction by conceptually drawing on the notions of flat ontology (Marston et al. 2005. Human geography without scale. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 30(4). 416–432) and exchange value (Heller. 2010. The commodification of language. Annual Review of Anthropology 39. 101–114). We do this in relation to Study Abroad (SA) contexts, which offer spaces for investigating how mobility influences the exchange value of individuals’ linguistic repertoires. The study speaks to a broader project in social research which emphasises the agency, subjectivity and criticality of the individual and stresses the complex and rhizomatic nature of social interaction. Drawing on moment analysis (Li. 2011. Moment Analysis and translanguaging space: Discursive construction of identities by multilingual Chinese youth in Britain. Journal of Pragmatics 43. 1222–1235), we examine the experiences of two study abroad students in the UK. These include tellings of critical and reflective moments through which we interpret their experience of how the interplay of language, place and ecology of interaction results in constant, dynamic changes in the exchange value of their English repertoires. Our contribution is to show how an ecological orientation and a flat, rather than stratified, ontology enables insights into language use and globalisation in a way that empowers multilingual, mobile individuals.
Efficiency Wages in Cournot-Oligopoly
Authors: de Pinto Marco , Goerke Laszlo
Published: July 2019

In a Cournot-oligopoly with free but costly entry and business stealing, output per firm is too low and the number of competitors excessive, assuming labor productivity to depend on the number of employees only or to be constant. However, a firm can raise the productivity of its workforce by paying higher wages. We show that such efficiency wages accentuate the distortions occurring in oligopoly. Specifically, excessive entry is aggravated and the welfare loss due to market power rises.
Numerical Study of Coal Composition Effects on the Performance of Gasification Through Computational Fluid Dynamic
Authors: Unar Imran Nazir , Soomro Suhail Ahmed , Maitlo Ghulamullah , Aziz Shaheen , Mahar Rasool Bux , Bhatti Zulfiqar Ali
Published: July 2019

Pakistan is very rich in coal reserves specifically after exploration of Thar coal reserves. At the same time country is facing energy crises due to shortage or unavailability of sustainable fuel supply at a cheaper rate. One potential solution is coal gasification which gives clean synthetic gas usually called syngas for use as an alternative fuel source for electricity production at a cheaper rate as well as a source of recovering different chemicals used as basic raw materials in other industries. Numerical simulations have been performed in this work for the gasification process of indigenous coal on a 2D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model of downdraft entrained-flow gasifier using commercial CFD software FLUENT®6.3.26. Navier-stokes equations along with transport equations for species have been solved using eddy-dissipation combustion model. The compositions of indigenous coals (Thar, Lakhra, and Sonda) were used in simulations as gasification feedstock. Rich oxidant conditions 95 % O2 and 5 % N2 were set for gasification. The gasification performance was studied by comparing efficiencies of gasification and quality of syngas produced for three types of coal feedings. The temperature and pressure profiles inside the gasifier were also studied. From simulation results, the great influence of coal composition was observed in the performance of gasification. Lakhra coal produced syngas with a maximum heating value of 20.55 MJ/kg whereas sonda coal produced syngas with a minimum heating value of 17.96 MJ/kg.
Chattering Free Sliding Mode Control with Observer Based Adaptive Radial Basis Function Neural Network for Temperature Tracking in a Fixed Bed Reactor
Authors: Pundir Avdesh Singh , Singh Kailash
Published: July 2019

In this paper, a Chattering Free Sliding Mode Control (CFSMC) with observer based adaptive Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) has been designed for first-order transfer function model of temperature trajectory in a fixed bed reactor. The steady-state behavior and effect of different operating parameters such as feed velocity and temperature on the operation of the fixed bed reactor have been discussed. Due to RBFNN’s capability to map the nonlinear dynamics online through self-learning ability, it is combined with CFSMC to reduce the chattering behavior. The adaptive RBFNN has been used to approximate the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the fixed bed reactor. To predict the states of the system, high gain observer based on adaptive RBFNN has been used. Design parameter of the observer has been estimated using Hurwitz polynomial. The effect of neuron number on the mapping error and the effect of space discretization step on modeling error have also been discussed. To decrease the chattering generated by the Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) in the temperature trajectory tracking, an equivalent control term is neglected from the final controller. It has two main advantages: one is the reduction in chattering behavior which is the main drawback of SMC and the second is the reduction of the high gain requirement. The SMC is used to overcome against external disturbance, load variation, variation in key parameters and model mismatch. To make the simulation realistic, constraints have been applied to control input and input rate. For guaranteeing the system stability, Lyapunov theorem has been applied. To show the suitability of the hybrid controller, a comparison has been carried out between the hybrid and PID controller. To quantify the performance, Integral Time Weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) has been estimated. Under the condition of existing model errors and external disturbances, simulation study of the control of the fixed bed reactor shows that the hybrid control algorithm consisting of sliding mode control and observer-based adaptive RBFNN performs well both for tracking the temperature trajectory and reducing the chattering.
Stochastic and deterministic kinetic energy backscatter parameterizations for simulation of the two-dimensional turbulence
Authors: Perezhogin Pavel A. , Glazunov Andrey V. , Gritsun Andrey S.
Published: July 2019

The problem of modelling 2D isotropic turbulence in a periodic rectangular domain excited by the forcing pattern of prescribed spatial scale is considered. This setting could be viewed as the simplest analogue of the large scale quasi-2D circulation of the ocean and the atmosphere. Since the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of this problem is usually not possible due to the high computational costs we explore several possibilities to construct coarse approximation models and corresponding subgrid closures (deterministic or stochastic). The necessity of subgrid closures is especially important when the forcing scale is close to the cutoff scale of the coarse model that leads to the significant weakening of the inverse energy cascade and large scale component of the system dynamics.

The construction of closures is based on thea priorianalysis of the DNS solution and takes into account the form of a spatial approximation scheme used in a particular coarse model. We show that the statistics of a coarse model could be significantly improved provided a proper combination of deterministic and stochastic closures is used. As a result we are able to restore the shape of the energy spectra of the model. In addition the lagged auto correlations of the model solution as well as its sensitivity to external perturbations fit the characteristics of the DNS model much better.
A research on the preparation of oil-adsorbing hydrophobic porous resins by high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) template
Authors: Zhou Xiazhi , Zhou Wei , Ju Dianchun , Peng Yinxian , Zhou Lei , Tang Sheng , Wang Jing
Published: July 2019

In this work, hierarchical porous resins (PRs) are fabricated and applied as novel adsorbent for removal of oily substance. The oil/water (o/w) high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), stabilized by phenolic resin precursor and tween 80, were used as the template for simultaneous polymerization of aqueous phase, methenamine, sodium persulfate and liquid paraffin. Subsequently, dopamine hydrochloride, 1-dodecanethiol and Fe3O4 particles are grafted onto the interface of PRs via adhesion of dopamine and Markel addition reaction between quinone groups on dopamine and sulfhydryl groups on 1-dodecanethiol. The as-prepared composites possessed hydrophobicity and magnetic property (HPRs). The physical and chemical properties, morphology and adsorption properties of HPRs are characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, SEM, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The as-synthesized HPRs composites had a typical hierarchical porous structure, and the resulted macropores with a well-defined open-cell and interconnecting pore throat structure could be controlled via the composition of the aqueous phase of emulsion. The hierarchical porous structure of HPRs contained macropores ranging from 0.3 μm to 4 μm and mesopores of 11.26 nm. HPRs have rough and hydrophobic surface (water contact angle of 130∘) with specific surface area of 15.06 m2/g and pore volume of 0.0349 cm3/g. The oil adsorption rate and the oil retention rate for toluene are 11.765 g/g and 86.43%, respectively. The oil adsorption rate in the first minute can reach more than 80% of the highest oil adsorption rate. The oil adsorption rate of HPRs after three recycling experiments can still reach 87.32%of the first-time oil adsorption rate.
Semiotic alignment: Towards a dialogical model of interspecific communication
Authors: Ribó Ignasi
Published: July 2019

Communicative interactions across different species have so far received relatively little attention from cognitive or behavioral scientists. Most research in this area views the process of communication as the adaptive interaction of manipulative signalers and information-assessing receivers. This paper discusses some shortcomings of the information/influence model of communication, particularly in the empirical study of interspecific communicative interactions. It then presents an alternative theoretical model, based on recent contributions in psycholinguistics and semiotics. The semiotic alignment model views communication as a dynamic process of joint semiosis resulting in the alignment of the interactants’ own-worlds (Umwelten). It is argued that this model can improve our understanding of communicative interactions between heterospecifics and provide the basis for future work in the empirical study of interspecific communication.
The mission of the Chinese puzzle: From a quest for order to seeking entertainment
Authors: Shu-Ping Zhang
Published: July 2019

The puzzle has played a significant role in Chinese culture since its formation. The Lo-shu and the Ba-gua, the most prominent number puzzle in ancient China, with its instinctual quest for universal order, has constructed a philosophical system that has incorporated human being as an integral part of nature. The system has exerted great influence on Chinese culture to this day. Because of its mysterious origin and magical evolution, the Ba-gua has been used to predict the fortune of both the nation and the individual. The Chinese character-deconstructing puzzle has also functioned as a foreshadow of one’s fate. By analyzing the components of a character, written by the subject in a specific context, divination was made. In contrast to the solemn mission of the number puzzle, and the character-deconstructing puzzle, the wedding puzzle and the riddle are lighthearted, and intended to provoke humor, and to function pedagogically. A latecomer, once the mysteriousness of number and character has faded, the riddle is used to promote the intellectual development of children. The wedding puzzle has been popular among those who are illiterate and make analogy by using common occurrence to allude to taboo in the oral dialect. Since their illiteracy has excluded them from reading and writing, they are free to make puzzles in their own dialect without being limited by a reverence for the written character.
Mechanical Characterization of Fine-Grained Lateritic Soils for Mechanistic-Empirical Flexible Pavement Design
Authors: de Lima Caroline Dias Amancio , da Motta Laura Maria Goretti , Aragão Francisco Thiago Sacramento , Guimarães Antonio Carlos Rodrigues
Published: July 2019

Fine-grained lateritic soils, which are typically found in tropical regions and have been used successfully in low-cost pavements, are often considered inadequate for the base and subbase pavement layers when the material selection is based on the California bearing ratio (CBR). When analyzed in repeated load triaxial (RLT) test equipment, which is the most frequently used device to analyze the mechanical behavior of unbound pavement materials, fine-grained lateritic soils exhibit low levels of plastic deformation. Thus, to allow more appropriate analyses of the mechanical behavior of such soils compared to traditional CBR-based analyses, resilient modulus and permanent deformation tests using RLT test equipment were performed. Then, multifactorial regression analysis of the experimental results was performed to identify the parameters of the material models that are implemented in the Brazilian mechanistic-empirical pavement design software program, MEDINA. The experimental program included material characterization in accordance with the so-called miniature, compacted, tropical (MCT) methodology that is tailored specifically to classify tropical soils. For one of the lateritic soils, two key parameters, i.e., the stress level and compaction moisture content, were varied in the RLT permanent deformation tests. An additional numerical analysis using MEDINA was conducted to evaluate the structural characteristics of flexible pavements composed of the four lateritic soils analyzed in this study. In general, the results obtained from this study indicate that lateritic soils can potentially be used as base and subbase layers in flexible pavement structures.
Physio-Mechanical Characterization of Rocks
Authors: Mishra Sunita , Khetwal Anuradha , Chakraborty Tanusree
Published: July 2019

The present study aims to investigate the physical, petrological, and mechanical properties of ten different types of rocks in the Indian subcontinent, required for the design of structures built in rocks. A comparative assessment is done for the stress-strain response of all the rocks collected under three main categories, e.g., igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. The physical properties, e.g., densities and slake durability indices, are determined. The peterological tests are carried out by scanning electron microscope and the X-ray diffraction technique. Mechanical properties, e.g., hardness, uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson’s ratio, of the 10 different types of rocks are obtained through static loading at a strain rate of 0.001/s. Lastly, various correlation equations are proposed relating the uniaxial compressive strength, density, elastic modulus, and hardness of the 10 rocks. And the rocks are classified based on the Deere-Miller rock mass classification system.
Synthesis and Utilization of Mesoporous Hollow Silica Particles for Bitumen
Authors: Wu Shaopeng , Ye Yong , Shu Benan , Li Yuanyuan , Li Chao , Kong Dezhi , Liu Quantao , Xie Jun
Published: July 2019

In recent years, nanoparticles with special structures have been widely used in the traditional building material bitumen. For that, mesoporous hollow silica (MHS) particles were synthesized in this work. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller tests were conducted to characterize the specific structure. Then, MHS was used to improve the properties of the traditional construction binder material bitumen. Penetration, softening point, and dynamic shear rheometer tests were performed to study the physical and rheological properties of MHS-modified bitumen. A pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry test was used to evaluate the inhibition effect of MHS on the emission of the bitumen volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results showed that MHS with continuous distributed pore diameters were simply synthesized in one step by hydrothermal method. MHS as a kind of additive could improve the high temperature rutting resistance of bitumen. In addition, because of the higher specific surface area and massive micropores, MHS had a significant inhibition effect on the emission of bitumen VOCs.