bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forensic Ballistics and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Raghav Anjali , Ouariach Fatima Zahra , Raghav Richa , Verma Harish Kumar
Published: February 2025

Forensic ballistics, the study of firearms and ammunition, is critical in criminal investigations. However, the legality of the evidence, its reliability, and admissibility are defending the evidence against legal challenges. The potential for AI to enhance forensic ballistics is a collaborative effort and allows for more efficient crime-solving techniques, which will, in turn, reinforce public confidence in the judicial process. The chapter discusses how AI might compensate for these legal challenges, while also improving international standards for forensic ballistics and, by extension, helping a judiciary system with reliable evidence from a scientific perspective during the quest of reaching justice.
Real-World Security Applications Through Computer Vision
Authors: Dalai Asish Kumar , Mohapatra Hitesh
Published: February 2025

The model is trained on a diverse dataset that includes various scenarios of violent interactions, allowing it to perform consistently across different surveillance environments and adapt to changing conditions. The chapter details the training process, including the data augmentation techniques employed to improve the model's generalization. Additionally, the system incorporates behavioral analysis to minimize false positives, helping to differentiate between brief aggressive actions and normal behavior. Extensive testing using real-world surveillance footage demonstrates the system's accuracy in detecting and classifying violent events. Comparative analysis shows that the solution outperforms existing methods in terms of both precision and recall. The chapter also explores the practical implications of deploying such a system, including its scalability for large monitoring networks and its potential integration with existing security infrastructures.
Impact of AI on Customer Value Creation by Mediation of Innovation Models in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Kant Shashi , Adula Metasebia , Nimbrain Nitu , Kumari Mona
Published: February 2025

This chapter measures the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) on client worth development in East Africa, focusing on the mediating function of models of innovation. To confirm that the dataset is adequate for factor analysis, the investigation employed the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure with a sample size of 400 innovation adopter and commerce specialists. Using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), key themes are depicting. We then employ confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to confirm the reliability of the measurement devices. Next, structural equation modeling is employed to measure the interactions among these variables (SEM). The outcomes depict that AI considerably boosts the formation of worth for clients and that models of innovations are a crucial moderator of this effect. This chapter highlights the importance of using creative strategies in order to optimize artificial intelligence's benefits for providing worth's to clients.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Business Models
Authors: Rao T. Venkat Narayana , Avula Rohini , Bhavana Sangers , Goud T. Thukaram
Published: February 2025

AI is thus emerging as the progressive tool in the new business models given the efficiency it creates in the processes of decision making and operations. The application of business analytics especially through the use of AI can assist firms in arriving at better decisions since the make their decision based on a large amount of data. AI makes man's work simple, fast, efficient and close to perfect—thus fewer errors are likely to occur. The application of the analytical tools relates to the formulation of the plan based on the insight in order to attain strategic results. Moreover, AI chatbots and virtual assistants enhance the system of more advanced customer communication as well as customer experience. By analysing the market tendencies AI helps predict the future tendencies as well as enhancing the innovative aspect of business development such as providing new business models in terms of services, business, and data-as-service business. AI might improve delivery of service to the customers of the company, hence improving its competitiveness.
A Structural Equation Modelling-Based View of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Banerjee Souvik , Pandit Abhijit
Published: February 2025

This study examines the transformative effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on business structures and employment in India. This study employs structural equation modelling (SEM) to evaluate the impact of AI on operational efficiency, company innovation, and employment dynamics. Research demonstrates that AI dramatically improves corporate efficiency and innovation but also requires staff reskilling. This research elucidates methods for Indian enterprises to adeptly incorporate AI to sustain a competitive advantage, while urging governments to facilitate AI-oriented workforce development. Future study should concentrate on the long-term employment implications of AI and investigate viable reskilling methodologies.
Biometry of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) in Ramsar sites in Morocco between 2016 and 2018
Authors: Saguem Sara , Sahli Abdelouahab , El Moutaouakil Majida El Alami
Published: February 2025

A population of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, (Girard, 1852) was studied in four wetland classified Ramsar sites in Morocco which are Merja Fouwarat, Merja Zerga, and Rmel plateau and Bas Loukous. The aim of this study was to collect the first information on the size and weight of Procambarus clarkii for the reasons of its invasion success in the wetlands Ramsar site in Morocco. Also, comparing the size and weight of the four crayfish populations can provide valuable information on the evolution of this species in the study area, and on the degree of adaptation and survival of this population in Morocco. A total of 10,007 specimens were collected from January 2016 to December 2018, and analysed for sex, weight and total length. The study was carried out monthly and for three periods per day in order to evaluate the breeding period and identify the peak movement period of this species. The maximum weight was noted at the low Loukous wetland in 2016 which is 18 g, in the same area the maximum size has been determined which is 17.5 cm. The Merja Fouwarat and Lower Loukous wetland shares the same minimum size, which is 6 cm.  The minimum weight in our sample is 6.3 g was found in the Low Loukous Wetland in 2017. The results of this study showed also that these four wetlands show a favorable habitat for the development of the red crayfish population, and the differences between the total length TL), weight (W) and sex are statistically significant.
GROUP-BASED TRAJECTORY MODELING OF PLATELET IN PATIENTS WITH APLASTIC ANEMIA: A STUDY BASED ON THE MIMIC DATABASE
Authors: Peng Lang , Zou Lixin , Liu Xiaoliu
Published: February 2025

Background: The main components that support coagulation and hemostasis are platelets. Nevertheless, there was no sufficient research done on how variations in platelet counts during hospital stays affect aplastic anemia (AA) patients' prognoses.
Objective: Using Group-based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM), this study proposed to evaluate the association between alterations in platelet levels and illness risk in patients with AA.
Methods: GBTM was used to group AA patients based on changes in platelet levels. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between platelet levels and the 30-day survival status of patients. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curve analysis was used to assess the impact of platelet transfusion on survival among different trajectory groups of patients.
Results: Three trajectory patterns were recognized by GBTM: Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3. Even after controlling for confounding variables, the Cox risk estimates showed that AA patients had a higher chance of surviving in Class 1 (OR>1, P<0.05). Class 2 patients had the greatest survival, according to K-M (Log-rank P<0.001). According to landmark research, Class 1 patients' survival was not improved by platelet transfusion.
Conclusion: Patients with AA who had increasing platelet trajectories during their hospital stay had a higher 30-day survival rate; hence, patients with low platelet counts might not be good candidates for platelet transfusion treatment.
Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hussein Nawfal , Abozait Halder , Naqid Ibrahim , Ibrahim Nashwan , Khalid Fatima , Musa Dildar , Saleem Zana
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant public health challenge worldwide, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, immunoglobulins and antiviral medications, HBV prevalence remains high in developing regions. This study investigates the potential risk factors associated with HBV infection in the Kurdistan region of Iraq to aid in developing targeted prevention strategies.
 
Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 4091 participants from Duhok and Zakho, in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Data on demographics and potential risk factors were collected via a structured questionnaire. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) was screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine infection status. Statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent risk factors.
 
Results: The mean age of enrolled participants was 29.33 years ± 10.74. Among them, 2851/4091 (69.69%) were females, 3385/4091 (82.74%) were residents of city and 3682/4091 (88.68%) were married. The prevalence of HBV infection among them was 3.67% (150/4091) and the following factors were significantly associated with HBV infection: female gender (p = 0.001), rural residency (p = 0.001), being married (p = 0.0014). Though a history of general operation and tattooing was found to be associated with HBV infection, this association was lost in multivariate analysis (p > 0.05) possibly due to confounding effect. A history of receiving blood or dental procedure was not significantly associated with HBV infection (p > 0.05).
 
Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV infection in Duhok and Zakho remains high and several predictive factors were identified which can be used to target infection control measures. Future research should focus on a population-based study to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of HBV infection to better inform public health policies.
COVID-19-associated cold agglutinin syndrome and hemophagocytic phenomenon in a patient with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Yang Kun
Published: February 2025

This manuscript presents a rare case of cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS) and the hemophagocytic phenomenon as complications of COVID-19, highlighting the role of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) in the pathophysiology of these conditions.
NOVELTIES ON MULTIPLE MYELOMA FROM THE MAIN 2024 HEMATOLOGY CONFERENCES
Authors: Morè Sonia , Corvatta Laura , Manieri Valentina Maria , Morsia Erika , Poloni Antonella , Offidani Massimo
Published: February 2025

Despite the introduction of several therapies in recent years, multiple myeloma (MM) remains a difficult to treat haematological malignancy due to its extreme inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity. However, at the 2024 major international conferences, very significant data have emerged on new approaches that can improve outcomes even in high-risk or very advanced disease. Up-front quadruplet combinations including anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies proved to be the best therapy in terms of depth of response and long-term efficacy in both transplant eligible and not eligible patients with MRD assessment that could play a key role in determining the duration of therapy avoiding unnecessary overtreatment. However, also quadruplets fail to overcome negative prognostic value of high risk cytogenetics or circulating tumor cells therefore in patients with these features alternative approaches will have to be evaluated. Moreover, considering that not all patients, particularly older and frail ones, will be able to undergo such therapies, it will be necessary to refine the ability to identify the most appropriate therapy for each patient. Bispecific antibodies and CAR-T cells represent the new frontier in the treatment of advanced MM but they have shown even more efficacy with less toxicity in early relapses and in functional high-risk patients. Extremely promising are the results obtained with the inclusion of novel immunotherapies in the upfront setting. In relapsed/refractory MM patients agents as belantamab mafodotin and CELMoDs, in combination with proteasome inhibitors or immunomodulatory agents, will probably represent another valid option.
Lack of government support: A hindrance to entrepreneurship development of SMTE sector in Buffalo City, South Africa
Authors: Mxunyelwa Siyabonga , Vallabh Dinesh
Published: February 2025

Background: The lack of government support hinders entrepreneurship development thus burdening the South African economy. The small to medium tourism enterprise (SMTE) sector currently faces challenges due to lack of government support.Aim: This study sought to investigate the lack of government support among owners and managers of SMTEs in Buffalo City, South Africa.Setting: This study focusses on the role of government support in tourism entrepreneurial ventures within Buffalo City.Methods: The study utilises both qualitative and quantitative research methods to analyse the role of government in the SMTE sector.Results: The study elucidates that some of the owners and managers that operate these businesses lack government support to manage businesses to perform optimally and provide impetus to entrepreneurship development.Conclusion: The study indicates that government support is crucial to entrepreneurial development. Therefore, it is recommended that government must invest in supporting small business initiatives to enable them to improve performance. Thus, entrepreneurship development will help developing economies such as Buffalo City.Contribution: The article sought to investigate the challenges that relate to a lack of government support. The role of government is critical in developing initiatives that could assist owner-managers in discharging their managerial responsibilities of SMTEs. Furthermore, it is recommended that the government should provide effective entrepreneurial training support programmes in order to foster the growth potential of SMTEs in Buffalo City.
Water sector value chain challenges: The case of Chris Hani District Municipality
Authors: Twalo Thembinkosi
Published: February 2025

Background: This study examined the challenges faced by the water sector value chain in the Chris Hani District Municipality (CHDM). The investigation was prompted by the issues related to water shortages and the poor quality of potable water in the area.Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the challenges in the water sector that are responsible for the precarious water provision services that are experienced at CHDM.Setting: The study was undertaken at CHDM, Eastern Cape, South Africa.Methods: The study used qualitative research techniques to delve deeper into the water issues at CHDM, and 10 sampled participants were interviewed.Results: The results show that the CHDM does not seem to adhere to some of the regulations of the Water Services Act of 1997. There is also a continuation of the non-payment culture by some water consumers because of poor affordability, resistance and municipal billing challenges.Conclusion: Regarding the interplay between water as a constitutional right and water as a business, the study concludes that consumers who can afford to pay should do so, while the indigent should be subsidised by the government. In terms of infrastructure, bulk water supply should be upgraded, dilapidated infrastructure should be replaced, revenue collection should be improved and there should be ring-fenced revenue for the provision of water services.Contribution: The study’s contribution is primarily on addressing some of the service delivery issues such as the municipality’s performance in relation to the provision of water services.
We are treated differently: Experiences of men who have sex with men in South African clinics
Authors: Ravele Tshivhase T. , Seretlo Raikane J. , Mokgatle Mathildah M.
Published: February 2025

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are regarded as a key population that needs specialised healthcare services to address their healthcare needs. This is because of their sexual practices. Men who have sex with men encounter positive and negative experiences when accessing healthcare services in public health care facilities. This study explored and described the experiences of MSM about accessing healthcare services in public healthcare facilities. The study was conducted in Ekurhuleni district, situated in the East of Gauteng province, South Africa.Methods: A descriptive, explorative, qualitative approach was employed to investigate the experiences of MSM about accessing healthcare services. In-depth interviews were conducted with 17 MSM aged 18 years and above.Results: Overall, MSM had both negative and positive experiences when accessing healthcare services. However, mainly the negative in the public healthcare facilities, whereas positive were experienced in the private healthcare facilities.Conclusion: The negative experiences of MSM, the judgemental and discriminatory attitudes of healthcare workers towards them and the scarcity or unavailability of resources and healthcare services to address their specific healthcare needs in healthcare facilities have created interpersonal and structural barriers, which prevent MSM from accessing healthcare services.Contribution: These findings suggest the need for the training of healthcare workers to be truly caring, the allocation of resources and healthcare services to addressing MSM-specific healthcare needs in healthcare facilities and the creation of an accommodating environment for them.
Perspectives of speech-language therapists on patient safety incidents in South Africa
Authors: Msomi Ntandoyenkosi L. , Barath Suvishka , Ross Andrew J.
Published: February 2025

Background: Patient safety incidents (PSIs) cause harm to patients, including falls, accidental ingestion and physical assault. Despite their importance in healthcare, limited information exists on how South African speech-language therapists (SLTs) perceive them in the public and private sectors. This study applied the Donabedian model of patient safety and healthcare quality to SLTs’ perspectives on PSIs.Methods: Free attitude interviews with 10 South African SLTs explored the environment (where and who), processes (how and why) and outcomes (events and consequences) of PSIs. Interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically using a six-phase deductive and inductive approach within the Donabedian model.Results: The Donabedian model’s three components (structure, process, outcome) led to six sub-themes, highlighting its applicability to SLTs’ perspectives on PSIs. It revealed how factors such as clinical environment, care delivery and patient outcomes influence SLTs’ perceptions.Conclusion: Understanding SLTs’ perspectives is essential for addressing environmental issues, developing training, institutional inductions and audits that prevent and manage PSIs, and improving service quality.Contribution: This study emphasises engaging practitioners to understand factors affecting PSIs. It contributes to improving SLT training and practice in South Africa to enhance patient safety.
How and when supervisors’ information sharing reduces new employees’ errors
Authors: Bafa Tesfaye A. , Zhang Mingyu , Chen Chong
Published: February 2025

Background: Effective supervision through information sharing meaningfully influences employee performance and error reduction. Though the benefits of information sharing are well investigated, its specific impact on new employees’ error reduction in competitive fields, like hotels with various mediators and moderators, is less explored. This research, using the conservation of resources theory, examines how supervisors’ information sharing affects novices’ error reduction, giving attention to the roles of social skills and information seeking.Aim: The study investigates the effect of supervisors’ information sharing on new employees’ error reduction, focusing on how this behaviour, through the moderating effect of social skills and the mediating effect of information seeking, fosters positive affect and reduces errors in the workplace.Setting: The research was conducted among 330 new employee-supervisor dyads at five-star international hotels in Ethiopia.Method: The research is a descriptive and explanatory study using cross-sectional and quantitative methods to analyse data using structural equation modelling.Results: The results indicated that supervisors’ information sharing positively influences error reduction in new employees, enhances positive affect and information seeking and decreases emotional exhaustion.Conclusion: Effective information sharing is crucial for reducing errors and enhancing performance within the hospitality setting, facilitated by the mediation of information-seeking behaviours and the moderation of social skills effects.Contribution: The study has the following theoretical contributions. Firstly, it contributes to a deeper understanding of the importance of supervisors’ information-sharing effects on the behavioural outcomes of new employees during their socialisation stage. Secondly, the study fosters the Conservation of Resources [COR] theory, initially resource gain may not always reveal resource gain in the future as well by looking at the mediating mechanisms between the outcomes of new employees’ error reduction and the supervisor information sharing.
Pectoralis minor index range of healthy 18–24-year-old students from a Kenyan public university
Authors: Agweyu Eugene C. , Matheri Joseph M. , Olivier Benita , Korkie Elzette
Published: February 2025

Background: The pectoralis minor muscle (PMM) length is critical for shoulder movement and stability, often implicated in dysfunction and pain. The pectoralis minor index (PMI) quantifies this muscle’s length relative to body dimensions. Typical PMI values range from 10.0 cm to 12.5 cm in healthy adults, with data for Kenyan populations.Objectives: This study aimed to establish baseline PMI values among healthy 18–24-year-old university students in Kenya, examining variations by side dominance and sex to support clinical assessments.Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study recruited 289 healthy young adults from Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) using stratified and simple random sampling. Data were collected through a self-developed, interviewer-administered questionnaire, achieving a 93.4% response rate. PMI values were measured in three postures: supine, relaxed, and standing.Results: In the standing relaxed position, the PMI mean was 10.6 cm on the dominant side and 11.2 cm on the non-dominant side, with significant variation indicated by a 95% confidence interval. A paired t-test revealed a significant difference between dominant and non-dominant sides (p  0.0001).Conclusion: Baseline PMI values for Kenyan young adults show significant differences by dominance and sex. These findings provide a foundational reference for assessing PMI in clinical settings, supporting physiotherapists and clinicians in evaluating and treating shoulder dysfunction using precise muscle length data.Clinical implications: Establishing baseline PMI values assists physiotherapists in identifying deviations, enabling targeted interventions for shoulder dysfunction.
Die wese van onderrig
Authors: Nel Malan
Published: February 2025

The essence of teaching. This article is a reflection on significant empirical qualitative research done within four Afrikaans-speaking denominations in South Africa. The research was prompted by a request from one such denomination experiencing a serious challenge in what is called ‘kategese’ in Afrikaans-speaking Reformed churches. The process of registering a research project within the Department of Practical Theology and Mission Studies was done accordingly and the necessary ethical clearance was obtained. After 123 qualitative interviews and the scientific analysis of the data, it was decided to theologically reflect on the nine most outstanding concepts deriving from the analysis. This article has a twofold purpose: it describes the empirical research process; and secondly, it reflects theologically on the essence of the didache as a ministry.Intradisciplinary and/ or Interdisciplinary implications: In the process, the multi-disciplinary nature of the didache is obvious. In the article planned to follow on this one, it is even more obvious, but in this article, the importance of the Biblical Sciences, Systematic Theology and Congregational Studies are easy to recognise.
Toerusting van ouers
Authors: Robinson Cobus B.
Published: February 2025

Equipment of parents. The empirical research of this article highlights the pivotal role of parents in the faith development of children and adolescents who have recently completed catechesis and the traditional ‘confession of faith’ process. Data indicates that faith development primarily takes place within the family context, with parental involvement directly correlating with adolescents’ continued engagement in church following their confession. Observations reveal that children of devout parents tend to remain more actively involved in church life. However, a misconception exists among Christian parents regarding their role in spiritual formation, as they often mistakenly assume that this responsibility lies primarily with church professionals. Scriptural references affirm that the Lord has entrusted parents with the principal duty of discipling their children, positioning the family as a unique interpretative context through which God reveals himself within the ecclesiastical space. Psychological insights further support this, showing that minor’s mirror neurons, which facilitate learning, extend their influence to religious practices. Children internalise faith habits and behaviours by observing their parents and other significant adults, thereby reinforcing their spiritual connections. Consequently, mirror neurons are essential in the spiritual development of children. It is therefore primarily the responsibility of parents to exemplify their faith and instruct their children.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article further offers guidance through both structured family worship and spontaneous conversations to contribute to effective discipling within the home.
Roetemerker begeleiding as deel van missionale gemeentes
Authors: Avenant Johannes C.
Published: February 2025

Milestones guidance as part of missional congregations. This article highlights the importance of establishing and celebrating milestones in the challenges of integrating and retaining children and adolescents within the church. The research clearly showed that congregations often fall short in effectively guiding baptised children and adolescents to become integral members of their faith communities. Furthermore, it highlights that the strong emphasis on confirmation, with its strong knowledge focus, creates the impression that this milestone marks the endpoint of the faith formation journey rather than an element of ongoing discipleship within a missional church. This perspective therefore limits the development of a missional congregational identity. This article argues that a reappraisal of biblical teaching fundamentals and faith formation will not only enhance the integration of children and adolescents into the church, but also guide them towards active participation in the church’s missional ministry. Faith formation signifies initiation, guidance and discernment on a lifelong discipleship journey. Along this journey, establishing, guiding, and celebrating milestones serve as continues and focused faith formation through a process of orientation, identification, profession of faith, and confirmation. It is consistently highlighted that this formation of faith inevitably includes the discovery of and participation in the missional identity of the church.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This missional identity will ensure that the church provides not only a space for faith formation but also a lifelong journey of following Christ with the faith community and discovering ways to be a part of and participate in God’s mission in the world.
Geloofsvorming as saam-stappende verbondenheid
Authors: Mouton Dawid P.
Published: February 2025

Faith formation as co-stepping covenantal accompaniment. Catechesis and other faith formation practices often focus solely on the transmission of theological and dogmatic knowledge. This approach, combined with other factors, frequently leads to adolescents disengaging from congregational activities after taking confession. Research shows that when meaningful relationships are integrated into these processes, adolescents are more likely to remain involved in their congregations even after confession. This article,1 drawing on data from a larger project on catechesis within Afrikaans-speaking congregations of the Dutch Reformed Church family, as well as a literature study, advocates for renewed emphasis on relationships during catechesis and other formation practices. The arguments presented here are centred on the concept of faith formation as a covenantal journey, and theological justifications for this are provided.Intradisciplinary/interdisciplinary implications: While not explored in depth, this article highlights the connection between faith formation and the role of other disciplines, such as education. It aligns with the journal’s focus by promoting further interdisciplinary dialogue.
Herbesoek en herontwikkeling van leermateriaal en kurrikulum vir geloofsvorming
Authors: Beukes Jacques W.
Published: February 2025

Revisiting and redeveloping learning materials and curriculum for faith formation. Amidst the bustling activity of various congregations and denominations, the junior and senior catechism curriculum often proceeds without deliberate design. As a result, insufficient attention is given to the structure and potential shortcomings of programmes aimed at fostering faith formation among young individuals. This oversight can lead to young people disengaging from the church – a phenomenon often referred to as ‘dropout’ [uitval]. This issue presents a significant challenge and source of frustration for many denominations, particularly those within the Reformed family of churches. In the context of this study, ‘dropout’ describes the cessation of participation in congregational activities typically following the completion of the catechisation process. Empirical research conducted to explore this issue, underscores the crucial role of well-designed educational resources in supporting faith formation to address or gain a deeper understanding of young people and addressing premature church disengagement. Using questionnaires, pastors, catechists, and adolescents shared their perspectives, unanimously emphasising the importance of effective study materials in nurturing faith and shaping disciples.Intradisciplinary/interdisciplinary implications: This article seeks to highlight the significance of a carefully designed and developed educational resource or syllabus in promoting faith formation among young people.
Limited Awareness of Pitch Smart Guidelines among Youth Baseball Players
Authors: Lin Yu-Hsuan , Hsu Kai-Lan , Kuan Fa-Chuan , Su Wei-Ren , Hong Chih-Kai
Published: February 2025

Background:

In spite of extensive research on pitch regulations, young baseball players continue to face a high risk of sports injuries. Adhering to and being aware of the current guidelines is crucial in preventing these injuries.

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of Pitch Smart guidelines from the perspective of youth baseball players.

Materials and Methods:

To conduct the study, a total of 66 youth baseball players between the ages of 9 and 14 were recruited. They were asked to complete an anonymous 13-question survey. The researchers calculated the percentage of correct answers for each question and used a Chi-squared test to compare the results between the two age groups.

Results:

The overall percentage of correct answers was found to be 36.9% in the 9–12-year-old group and 46.6% in the 13–14-year-old group (P = 0.004). Both groups showed low awareness regarding pitch-inning restrictions, pitch-type recommendations, the required length of rest between pitching sessions, and the number of consecutive days they should pitch. Only 10.3% of the younger group believed it was necessary to monitor signs of fatigue themselves.

Conclusions:

These findings indicate a poor understanding of the Pitch Smart guidelines and associated pitch regulations among young baseball players. It is clear that there is a need for proper education on the current recommendations to prevent injuries effectively.
Percutaneous Knowles Pinning for Type V Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation: An Alternative to Hook Plating
Authors: Shih Yu-Jen , Chang Hui-Chin , Wu Chih-Lung
Published: February 2025

Background:

Although various surgical techniques have been proposed in the literature for unstable acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation, there is no consensus on the best treatment for unstable ACJ dislocation. Forty-four percent of surgeons prefer to use hook plate insertion for ACJ injuries due to an easy and effective technique and good clinical outcomes. However, its potential complications, such as shoulder stiffness, shoulder impingement, and acromial erosion, have been the subject of constant concern.

Objectives:

The purpose of our study is to compare the results of open reduction with hook plate fixation versus closed reduction with percutaneous Knowles pin fixation for the treatment of type V ACJ dislocation to demonstrate that percutaneous Knowles pinning is an alternative to hook plating.

Materials and Methods:

A single-institution retrospective study was conducted to analyze 87 patients with acute type V ACJ dislocation who had received hook plate fixation (H group) or percutaneous Knowles pin fixation (K group) from February 2013 to October 2020. The clinical results, radiological evaluation, and postoperative complications of the patients after surgery were collected by reviewing medical and operative records and radiographs.

Results:

The K group (33 patients) had equally satisfactory effects on the Constant-Murley shoulder score compared to the H group (54 patients). In the two groups, the K group had significantly shorter in wound length, operation time, and duration of hospitalization. Furthermore, the postoperative complication rate was significantly lower in the K group.

Conclusions:

Percutaneous Knowles pinning presents a cost-effective surgical method for acute type V ACJ dislocation compared to hook plating. We believe it is an available therapy option that can reduce patient suffering and minimize medical costs, serving as an alternative to hook plating.
Fasd (Venesection) in Traditional Unani Medicine
Authors: Alam Shah , Anjum Nighat , Akhtar Jamal , Bashir Fouzia , Ahmad Irfan , Salahuddin
Published: February 2025

Unani medicine also referred to as Greco-Arab medicine is a traditional system of medicine which originated in ancient Greece. According to Unani medicine, there are six essential factors which are responsible for the maintenance of health and any disruption in them may lead to disease. Ilāj bit Tadbīr (regimental therapy) encompasses regimes that attempt to correct this disruption and help the body to restore itself. Faṣd (venesection) is a part of Ilāj bit Tadbīr which involves blood-letting by placing an incision in specified veins. It is prescribed as a minor excretory procedure which has both preventive and therapeutic benefits. Faṣd has manifold benefits including istifrāgh (excretion) of wastes, removal of imtila (plethora), and reduction of viscosity of blood. Hence, if carried out according to the guidelines, it serves as an effective treatment modality for many local and systemic disorders. The historical background of Faṣd, timing, duration, its types and importance, recent scientific reports, and the disorders in which it can be used will be discussed in this paper.
Beyond the Broken Heart: Unusual Triggers of Stress Cardiomyopathy – A Narrative Review
Authors: Cacciapuoti Fulvio , Capone Valentina , Crispo Salvatore , Gottilla Rossella , Rocca Fulvio La , Esposito Mafalda , Mauro Ciro
Published: February 2025

Stress cardiomyopathy, also known as apical ballooning syndrome or takotsubo cardiomyopathy, is traditionally associated with acute emotional or physical stress. However, recent evidence reveals a range of unusual triggers that can lead to this transient form of heart failure including medical and surgical procedures, neurological events (i.e., seizures and strokes), chronic psychological stress, and endocrine disorders such as hypoglycemia, pharmacological agents, infectious diseases (i.e., sepsis and COVID-19), and environmental stressors such as extreme temperatures or high altitudes. Despite the variety of these triggers, they share a common pathophysiology, primarily involving an excessive catecholamine surge that results in myocardial stunning. Recognizing these unusual causes and presentations is essential for timely diagnosis and appropriate management.
Subgingivally Delivered Spirulina Gel and Chlorhexidine Gel in Periodontitis Patients – A Comparative Study
Authors: Dolly A. Sheryl , Shankar P. L. Ravi , Saravanan A. V. , Pandian K Raja , Sindhujaa R , Rashik K. M. Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Background:

Periodontal diseases necessitate adjunctive therapies alongside mechanical debridement. Spirulina platensis, recognized for its antimicrobial properties and minimal side effects, offers promise in periodontal treatment.

Aims:

This study compares the efficacy of subgingivally delivered spirulina gel with chlorhexidine (CHX) gel both clinically and microbiologically in stage III periodontitis patients.

Methods and Materials:

A randomized, controlled, single-blinded, split-mouth study was conducted with 23 subjects meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: Group I (control) received scaling and root planing (SRP) followed by 1% CHX gel, and Group II (test) received SRP followed by 4% spirulina gel. Clinical parameters such as Gingival Index (GI), Modified Sulcular Bleeding Index (mSBI), and probing depth were assessed at baseline, 3rd week, and 6th week. Microbial load assessment for Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) was conducted using real-time qPCR at baseline and 6th week.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Paired t-tests, repeated measures analyses of variance using SPSS software.

Results:

Both groups exhibited significant improvements in clinical parameters and reduced P.g load, with no significant difference between the spirulina and CHX groups.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that 4% spirulina gel, when delivered subgingivally can be considered a viable adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, offering a natural and potentially cost-effective alternative to traditional antimicrobial agents.
Clinical Presentation and Co-Morbidities in Bardet-Biedel Syndrome: Case Series from a Single Centre
Authors: Sridhar Subbiah , Palanivel Sengottaiyan , Senthilkumar Jayachandran , Kavitha Kanagasabapathy , Geethaanjali Varadarajan , Vasanthiy Natarajan , Dharmaraj Chelliah
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS-OMIM 209900) is a rare genetic multi-system obesity syndrome with limited case reports from India. We describe a case series of BBS with varied clinical presentation and their co-morbidities.

Methods:

BBS was diagnosed based on the clinical criteria by Beales et al. Their clinical presentations including the presence of primary and secondary features, metabolic profile, and systemic complications were examined.

Results:

Eleven cases of BBS were analyzed over 9 years, of which the most common primary clinical manifestations were post-axial polydactyly and learning disabilities, noted in all individuals (100%). Retinitis pigmentosa and truncal obesity were present in 91% (10 out of 11). Clinical and biochemical features of hypogonadism and genital abnormalities were observed in 73% of individuals. Craniofacial dysmorphism and developmental delay were the more commonly observed secondary features, observed in 91%. Speech delay and brachydactyly/syndactyly were present in 73% of cases. Hyperactive behavioural disturbances and diabetes mellitus were noted in 45% and 18% of cases, respectively. Cataracts, hypertonia, dental malocclusion and cardiac anomalies (dextrocardia) were each observed in just one patient among the study population of 11 patients. The molecular genetics were analysed in two individuals.

Conclusion:

BBS is an extremely rare clinical syndrome with clinical heterogeneity at presentation. The appropriate diagnosis of syndromic obesity and an early multi-disciplinary intervention may improve their quality of life.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Comparison of Serum Cortisol Concentration Measured by Chemiluminescent Immunoassay in Four Different Automated Analyzers in a Variety of Adrenal Disorders
Authors: Agrawal Neeti , Sinha Anirban , Chakraborty Partha P. , Bhattacharjee Rana , Awasthi Avivar , Maiti Animesh
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Cortisol concentration is often estimated by competitive chemiluminescent immunoassays, which are prone to interference due to cross-reactivity. The extent of interference is inconsistent across different adrenal disorders and among different analyzers. Although liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) possesses better analytical specificity, it is not widely available. We aimed to compare cortisol values measured across four different analyzers across different adrenal disorders.

Methods:

Cortisol concentrations were measured in the serum of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) (n = 12), primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) (n = 11), endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS) (n = 6), adrenal incidentaloma (AI) (n = 8), and healthy subjects (HS) (n = 10) in the following analyzers: Advia Centaur XP (Siemens) (SACXP), Immulite1000 (Siemens) (SI1000), Cobas e411 (Roche) (RCe411), and Architect (Abbott)(AA).

Results:

In CAH patients, a poor agreement was observed between SAC XP [median (IQR) 14.6 (4.7) μg/dL] and RC e411 [median (IQR) 4.6 (3.9) μg/dL] [ICC: −0.016, (−0.55, 0.55)]. The correlation was also poor between SAC XP and SI 1000 [ICC: 0.00, (0.558, 0.551)] as well as between SAC XP and AA [ICC: 0.089, (−0.488, 0.612)]. The agreement was good between RCe411, SI 1000 [median (IQR) 9.6 (3) μg/dL], and AA [median (IQR) 5.1 (3.4) μg/dL] platforms in the same group. Measured cortisol values correlated well across all analyzers in PAI, CS, AI, and HS.

Conclusions:

Cortisol concentration demonstrated variable agreement among different analyzers in different adrenal disorders. In CAH, cortisol values measured by SAC XP poorly correlate with RC e411, SI 1000, and AA platforms. Reassessment in another analyzer therefore would be prudent to avoid devastating consequences of unrecognized hypocortisolism in this subset of patients. A good concordance was observed among platforms in other conditions.
Scientometric Mapping of Royal Jelly Supplementation or Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mediators: Networking, Emerging Patterns, and Trends
Authors: Espinoza-Carhuancho Fran , Quispe-Vicuña Carlos , Medina Julia , Galarza-Valencia Diego , Quispe-Tasayco Lucia , Mayta-Tovalino Frank
Published: February 2025

Objective: To perform a scientometric mapping analysis of the published literature on royal jelly (RJ) supplementation, oxidative stress (OS), and inflammatory mediators. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of Scopus was performed using a targeted search strategy on July 13, 2024. All manuscripts published from January 2019 to July 2024 that addressed RJ supplementation and OS or inflammatory mediators were selected. Data extracted from the selected manuscripts were analyzed using various metrics in SciVal and R studio version 4.3.2. Results: Antioxidants and foods had the highest academic output, with three articles each and a citation count of 184 and 71, respectively. Antioxidants also showed a high CiteScore of 10.6 in 2023. Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy had a remarkably high CiteScore of 11.9 with two published articles. Despite having only two articles, the Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology had an impressive citation count of 73. Cyrus Jalili of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in Iran had the highest academic output with six publications. Amira Mohammed Ali of Alexandria University in Egypt had the highest number of views per publication, with 37.3. Conclusion: The most productive authors and institutions were identified, with Cyrus Jalili from Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in Iran and Alexandria University in Egypt. Lotka’s law was confirmed, and most authors contributed a single article. In addition, extensive international collaboration was observed, underscoring the importance of global collaboration in this area of research.
The effects of low-dose guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on total plasma homocysteine in healthy men: A pilot study
Authors: Todorovic Nikola , Nedeljkovic David , Javorac Dejan , Stajer Valdemar , Ostojic Sergej M.
Published: February 2025

The main aim of this open-label pilot study was to evaluate the effects of low-dose guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) administered over 17 weeks on total plasma homocysteine (T-Hcy) levels in 12 healthy men. During the first 12 weeks, participants received 0.5 g of GAA per day. Following this period, the GAA dosage was escalated by 0.1 g/week for the subsequent 5 weeks. No significant changes in T-Hcy levels were demonstrated during the study (P = 0.99), and no cases of GAA-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (T-Hcy >15 μmol/L) were detected among participants with normal baseline T-Hcy levels. Our preliminary findings suggest the medium-term safety of supplemental GAA when administered in doses commonly found in dietary supplements.