bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿LA PLENA EXPOSICIÓN SOLAR PODRÍA REPRESENTAR VENTAJAS FISIOLÓGICAS PARA EL CULTIVO DE CACAO CRIOLLO?
Authors:   Centro de Botánica Tropical, Instituto de Biología Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47114, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela, Wilmer Tezara ,   Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Luis Vargas Torres, Estación Experimental Mutile, Esmeraldas, Ecuador, Blanco-Flores Héctor Alexander ,   Centro de Botánica Tropical, Instituto de Biología Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47114, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela, Gómez-Vera Pedro Pablo ,   Centro de Botánica Tropical, Instituto de Biología Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47114, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela, Ríos Bolivar Fabiola María ,   Centro de Botánica Tropical, Instituto de Biología Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47114, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela, De Almeida Dos santos Jenny Cristina ,   Centro de Botánica Tropical, Instituto de Biología Experimental, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47114, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela; Centro Nacional de Tecnología Química (CNTQ), Complejo tecnológico Simón Rodríguez, Base aérea Generalísimo Francisco de Miranda, La Carlota, Caracas, Venezuela, Fischer Castilla Freddy Antonio ,   Finca “Las Bromelias” Ocumare de la costa, Estado Aragua, Venezuela, Reynel Chila Víctor Hugo ,   Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Luis Vargas Torres, Estación Experimental Mutile, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.
Published: August 2022

In Venezuela, the physiological performance of adult cocoa trees under full sun exposure is unknown. The long-term effect of high photon flux density (PFD) on leaf water potential (), leaf area index (LAI), gas exchange, photochemical activity of PSII, and photosynthetic pigment content in adult cocoa trees of Ocumare 61 (OC-61) was evaluated, in order to know if OC-61 could have a good photosynthetic performance in plants grown in full sun (E) or if on the contrary there is a physiological disadvantage compared to those grown in shade (S), self-shaded leaves were also evaluated in each condition (E+A and S+A). The OC-61 clone grown in E showed significant changes in some physiological traits: lower , lower IAF, higher rates of photosynthesis (A) and water use efficiency (WUE), lower intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and lower total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content. An increase in electron transport rate, PSII quantum efficiency, photochemical and non-photochemical extinction coefficient was found that would partially explain the higher A's in E; there was no decrease in maximum quantum efficiency indicating the absence of photoinhibition. Clone OC-61 is a shade tolerant crop; however, the results indicate that it can be acclimatized to high sun exposure without damage to PSII functioning, which could represent a physiological advantage for clone OC-61 grown in the study area.
CARACTERÍSTICAS FERMENTATIVAS DE SILAJES DE FORRAJE DE MAÍZ CON LA INCLUSIÓN DE GALLINAZA Y FORRAJE DE SOYA
Authors:   Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias y Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Quevedo- Los Ríos Ecuador. “La María” km 7 vía Quevedo-El Empalme, Avellaneda-Cevallos Juan ,   Programa de Ganadería y Pastos, Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Tapia-Moreno Edwin ,   Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias y Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Quevedo- Los Ríos Ecuador. “La María” km 7 vía Quevedo-El Empalme, Arana-Sánchez Denisse ,   Programa de Ganadería y Pastos, Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Herrera-Herrera Rocío ,   Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Área Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja-Ecuador, Pinargote-Mendoza Edgar ,   Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias y Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Quevedo- Los Ríos Ecuador. “La María” km 7 vía Quevedo-El Empalme, Avellaneda-Vázquez Juan ,   Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias y Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Quevedo- Los Ríos Ecuador. “La María” km 7 vía Quevedo-El Empalme
Published: August 2022

The objective of this research was to quantify the fermentation capacity and nutritional quality of corn silage with the inclusion of nitrogen sources such as chicken manure and soybean forage (Glicine max (L.) Merr.). The treatments were: corn forage alone or control (FM); Corn with inclusion of 10% soybean forage (FS10); Corn with 20% soybean forage (FS20); T4, Corn with 30% soybean forage (FS30); T5, Corn with 5% chicken manure (G5); T6, Corn with 10% chicken manure (G10) and T7, Corn with 15% chicken manure (G15). It was evidenced that the addition of poultry manure significantly increased the content of dry matter (DM), while the soybean forage (FS) presented similarity with the control. The total protein content (TP), due to the effect of the addition of FS, was higher than the other treatments studied. The nitrogen sources used did not affect the total fiber content (TF). The ash concentration value (C) was strongly affected by the addition of chicken manure. The content of ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) increased with the inclusion of chicken manure in the silage process. The pH value, the concentration of lactic and butyric acid was significantly higher with the addition of chicken manure. In conclusion, it can be indicated that the addition of both chicken manure and soybean forage improve the nutritional content of corn silage, however, the inclusion of soybean forage is much more favorable in terms of fermentative variables.
ACTIVIDAD in vitro DE Bacillus subtilis Y Lactobacillus brevis PARA REDUCIR LA COLONIZACIÓN DE Salmonella entérica
Authors:   Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria Manuel Félix López, Ecuador, Fuentes Osorio Lilian , Arteaga Chávez Fátima ,   Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria Manuel Félix López, Ecuador, Hurtado Ernesto Antonio ,   Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria Manuel Félix López, Ecuador, Rondón Castillo Ana Julia ,   Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Universidad de Matanzas, Cuba, Rodríguez Oliva Marlen ,   Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Universidad de Matanzas, Cuba
Published: August 2022

both) to reduce the colonization of Salmonella enterica in vitro was determined. A DCA with factorial arrangement (3x3) was used, being the factors the microorganisms and diffusion methods (direct, filtered and diluted) in the inhibition of the confrontation of microorganisms, with the use of the Kirby-Bauer technique. Survival in bile salts performed by the CFU count, under a design that had four treatments. The microorganisms with the application of three methods against Salmonella enterica had a favorable growth at 24 hours, obtaining a greater development with Lactobacillus brevis + Bacillus subtilis by filtration method. Survival to bile salts, no variability of results was found. However, L. brevis without bile salts stood out from minute 30 to minute 120. It is concluded that both microorganisms meet physical and biological characteristics, being suitable alternatives to be used as probiotics in animal feed for animal production purposes.
DIVERSIDAD MICROBIANA PRESENTE EN AGUA RESIDUAL PROVENIENTE DE INDUSTRIA ATUNERA
Authors:   Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí Manuel Félix López, Campus Politécnico El Limón, km 2 ½ vía Calceta – El Gramal. Calceta, Manabí, Ecuador, Pincay Cantos María Fernanda
Published: August 2022

A study was carried out to identify the microbial diversity in wastewater from the tuna industry, the samples were obtained at different points in the tuna process, the analysis was carried out using molecular tools such as metagenomics, the Electrophoresis technique in Denaturation Gradient Gel (DGGE) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The sensitivity of these techniques allowed the amplification of 16S rDNA gene fragments by means of specific primers. This amplified PCR product was sent for sequencing, becoming a valuable alternative to provide information on the identity of the microbial population, characterizing the structure of an environment, obtaining 37 bacterial clones with 27.0% belonging to the Firmicutes group, 24.34% to Proteobacteria, 16, 21% to Actinobacteria.
Midge Dector (1927-2022)
Authors: Jeffers Thomas L.
Published: August 2022

A trenchant culture warrior and a warm and lively raconteur, author Midge Decter leaves us with a cache of incisive criticism to guide us in this decisive cultural moment.
Be a Mensch
Authors: Iannone Carol
Published: August 2022

Editor's introduction to volume 35, issue 2.
Manger ensemble : avec ou sans les contraintes alimentaires des autres ?
Authors: GOURMELEN Andréa , LICHTLÉ Marie-Christine , BALBO Laurie , GALLIN Steffie
Published: August 2022

Les restrictions alimentaires imposées pour des raisons de santé ou par conviction personnelle peuvent contraindre les possibilités de partage de repas et la convivialité. Ce chapitre montre comment la considération des conséquences futures de son alimentation influence la capacité d’observance du régime et la tolérance aux écarts, notamment en situation de commensalité.
Manger ensemble, oui, mais sans viande ! Influences sociales liées au végétarisme et véganisme
Authors: SÉRÉ DE LANAUZE Gilles , SIRIEIX Lucie , SUÁREZ-DOMÍNGUEZ Erick
Published: August 2022

Certains régimes tels que le végétarisme peuvent engendrer des ruptures dans les pratiques alimentaires et des tensions avec l’entourage. Ce chapitre présente des résultats d’étude qui montrent comment les relations avec la communauté d’adoption et les autres végétariens aident au maintien des pratiques et des convictions, mais ne favorisent pas forcément les relations avec l’entourage.
Ségrégation sociospatiale dans les villes
Authors: LE GOIX Renaud
Published: August 2022

Ce chapitre revisite les théories et les modèles expliquant la division sociale de l’espace dans les villes et son évolution. Il rappelle la diversité des dimensions explicatives de ces processus et les nombreux types de mesures qui en ont été proposés et souligne le renouvellement des approches pour des analyses plus fines à différentes échelles d’espace et de temps.
Les inégalités entre les villes
Authors: COTTINEAU Clémentine
Published: August 2022

Les villes ont aussi entre elles beaucoup d’inégalités en termes de ressources et de risques. Leur évolution dépend de différences de taille, de site, de situation géographique, de composition sociale, d'image, d'insertion dans des réseaux ou de décisions politiques. Ce chapitre analyse ces inégalités entre villes et leurs conséquences sur leurs habitants, en considérant l'imbrication des échelles géographiques.
La gestion des connaissances dans la chaîne de valeur : une application de TOPSIS
Authors: ENJOLRAS Manon , GALVEZ Daniel , CAMARGO Mauricio
Published: August 2022

Ce chapitre étudie l’adoption de bonnes pratiques de gestion des connaissances au sein de la chaîne d’approvisionnement. A travers le cas d’une entreprise manufacturière, ce chapitre illustre la méthode TOPSIS et aborde la décision à travers la notion de distance par rapport à un idéal souhaité par le décideur d’une part, et à un non-idéal à éviter d’autre part.
Secondary aerosol formation in marine Arctic environments: a model measurement comparison at Ny-Ålesund
Authors: Xavier Carlton , Baykara Metin , Wollesen de Jonge Robin , Altstädter Barbara , Clusius Petri , Vakkari Ville , Thakur Roseline , Beck Lisa , Becagli Silvia , Severi Mirko , Traversi Rita , Krejci Radovan , Tunved Peter , Mazzola Mauro , Wehner Birgit , Sipilä Mikko , Kulmala Markku , Boy Michael , Roldin Pontus
Published: August 2022

Abstract. In this study, we modeled the aerosol particle formation along air mass
trajectories arriving at the remote Arctic research stations Gruvebadet (67 m a.s.l.) and Zeppelin (474 m a.s.l.), Ny-Ålesund, during May 2018. The aim
of this study was to improve our understanding of processes governing
secondary aerosol formation in remote Arctic marine environments. We run the
Lagrangian chemistry transport model ADCHEM, along air mass trajectories
generated with FLEXPART v10.4. The air masses arriving at Ny-Ålesund
spent most of their time over the open ice-free ocean. In order to capture
the secondary aerosol formation from the DMS emitted by phytoplankton from
the ocean surface, we implemented a recently developed comprehensive DMS and
halogen multi-phase oxidation chemistry scheme, coupled with the widely used
Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). The modeled median particle number size distributions are in close agreement
with the observations in the marine-influenced boundary layer near-sea-surface Gruvebadet site. However, while the model reproduces the
accumulation mode particle number concentrations at Zeppelin, it
overestimates the Aitken mode particle number concentrations by a factor of
∼5.5. We attribute this to the deficiency of the model to
capture the complex orographic effects on the boundary layer dynamics at
Ny-Ålesund. However, the model reproduces the average vertical particle
number concentration profiles within the boundary layer (0–600 m a.s.l.)
above Gruvebadet, as measured with condensation particle counters (CPCs) on
board an unmanned aircraft system (UAS). The model successfully reproduces the observed Hoppel minima, often seen in
particle number size distributions at Ny-Ålesund. The model also
supports the previous experimental findings that ion-mediated
H2SO4–NH3 nucleation can explain the observed new particle
formation in the marine Arctic boundary layer in the vicinity of
Ny-Ålesund. Precursors resulting from gas- and aqueous-phase DMS
chemistry contribute to the subsequent growth of the secondary aerosols. The
growth of particles is primarily driven via H2SO4 condensation and
formation of methane sulfonic acid (MSA) through the aqueous-phase
ozonolysis of methane sulfinic acid (MSIA) in cloud and deliquescent
droplets.
Examination of SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology accuracy from samples dated by both SHRIMP and CA-TIMS
Authors: Magee Jr. Charles , Bodorkos Simon , Lewis Christopher , Crowley James , Wall Corey , Friedman Richard
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Estimations of the reproducibility of U-Pb ages from SHRIMP instruments are based on data from studies nearly two decades old. Since that time, refinement of analytical procedures and manufacturing and installation improvements may have reduced the fundamental uncertainties of SHRIMP U-Pb analysis. This paper investigates 35 SHRIMP-TIMS double-dated “real-world” geologic samples from a variety of igneous rock types to better understand both geological and analytical sources of disagreement between the two dating methods. Geoscience Australia’s (GA) use of high-precision chemical abrasion thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) for chronostratigraphy in Australian sedimentary basins has produced a substantial selection of precisely dated zircons, which we can use to cross-correlate the SHRIMP and CA-TIMS ages throughout the Phanerozoic. Thirty-two of the 35 ages were reported with external SHRIMP uncertainties less than 1 % (95 % confidence), below previous estimates of the reproducibility limits of the SHRIMP. Six of eight cases where the CA-TIMS age was outside the SHRIMP uncertainty envelope were in samples where the reported SHRIMP age had a sub-0.66 % uncertainty, suggesting that SHRIMP analyses of untreated zircon which report smaller uncertainties are probably overoptimistic. The mean age-offset between SHRIMP and TIMS is 0.097 %, but the distribution is bimodal. Geological explanations for SHRIMP-CA-TIMS age discrepancies are uncovered by considering intrusive and extrusive age results separately. All but one sample where the SHRIMP age is more than 0.25 % older are volcanic. This offset could be explained by the better single-grain age-resolution of TIMS, allowing identification and exclusion of antecrysts from the eruptive population, while SHRIMP does not have a sufficient single-grain precision to deconvolve these populations – leading to an apparent older SHRIMP age. In contrast, SHRIMP ages from plutonic rocks- particularly plutonic rocks from the early Paleozoic- are typically younger than the CA-TIMS ages from the same samples, most likely reflecting Pb loss from non-chemically-abraded SHRIMP zircons, while chemical abrasion of zircons prior to TIMS analysis destroyed or corrected these areas of Pb loss.
Climate Services Toolbox (CSTools) v4.0: from climate forecasts to climate forecast information
Authors: Pérez-Zanón Núria , Caron Louis-Philippe , Terzago Silvia , Van Schaeybroeck Bert , Lledó Llorenç , Manubens Nicolau , Roulin Emmanuel , Alvarez-Castro M. Carmen , Batté Lauriane , Bretonnière Pierre-Antoine , Corti Susana , Delgado-Torres Carlos , Domínguez Marta , Fabiano Federico , Giuntoli Ignazio , von Hardenberg Jost , Sánchez-García Eroteida , Torralba Verónica , Verfaillie Deborah
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Despite the wealth of existing climate forecast data, only a small part is effectively exploited for sectoral applications. A major cause of this is the lack of integrated tools that allow the translation of data into useful and skillful climate information. This barrier is addressed through the development of an R package. Climate Services Toolbox (CSTools) is an easy-to-use toolbox designed and built to assess and improve the quality of climate forecasts for seasonal to multi-annual scales. The package contains process-based, state-of-the-art methods for forecast calibration, bias correction, statistical and stochastic downscaling, optimal forecast combination, and multivariate verification, as well as basic and advanced tools to obtain tailored products. Due to the modular design of the toolbox in individual functions, the users can develop their own post-processing chain of functions, as shown in the use cases presented in this paper, including the analysis of an extreme wind speed event, the generation of seasonal forecasts of snow depth based on the SNOWPACK model, and the post-processing of temperature and precipitation data to be used as input in impact models.
Bedrock depth influences spatial patterns of summer baseflow, temperature and flow disconnection for mountainous headwater streams
Authors: Briggs Martin A. , Goodling Phillip , Johnson Zachary C. , Rogers Karli M. , Hitt Nathaniel P. , Fair Jennifer B. , Snyder Craig D.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. In mountain headwater streams, the quality and resilience of summer
cold-water habitat is generally regulated by stream discharge, longitudinal
stream channel connectivity and groundwater exchange. These critical
hydrologic processes are thought to be influenced by the stream corridor
bedrock contact depth (sediment thickness), a parameter often inferred from
sparse hillslope borehole information, piezometer refusal and remotely
sensed data. To investigate how local bedrock depth might control summer
stream temperature and channel disconnection (dewatering) patterns, we
measured stream corridor bedrock depth by collecting and interpreting 191
passive seismic datasets along eight headwater streams in Shenandoah
National Park (Virginia, USA). In addition, we used multi-year stream
temperature and streamflow records to calculate several baseflow-related
metrics along and among the study streams. Finally, comprehensive visual
surveys of stream channel dewatering were conducted in 2016, 2019 and 2021
during summer low flow conditions (124 total km of stream length). We found
that measured bedrock depths along the study streams were not
well-characterized by soils maps or an existing global-scale geologic
dataset where the latter overpredicted measured depths by 12.2 m (mean) or approximately four times the average bedrock depth of 2.9 m. Half of the eight study stream corridors had an average bedrock depth of less than 2 m. Of the eight study streams, Staunton River had the deepest average bedrock depth (3.4 m), the coldest summer temperature profiles and substantially higher summer baseflow indices compared to the other study steams. Staunton River also exhibited paired air and water annual temperature signals suggesting deeper groundwater influence, and the stream channel did not dewater in lower sections during any baseflow survey. In contrast, Paine Run and Piney River did show pronounced, patchy channel dewatering, with Paine Run having dozens of discrete dry channel sections ranging from 1 to greater than 300 m in length. Stream dewatering patterns were apparently influenced by a combination of discrete deep bedrock (20+ m) features and more subtle sediment thickness variation (1–4 m) depending on local stream valley hydrogeology. In combination, these unique datasets show the first large-scale empirical support for existing conceptual models of headwater stream disconnection based on spatially variable underflow capacity and shallow groundwater supply.
Pacific Decadal Oscillation modulates the Arctic sea-ice loss influence on the midlatitude atmospheric circulation in winter
Authors: Simon Amélie , Gastineau Guillaume , Frankignoul Claude , Lapin Vladimir , Ortega Pablo
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The modulation of the winter impacts of Arctic sea-ice loss by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is investigated in the IPSL-CM6A-LR
ocean–atmosphere general circulation model. Ensembles of simulations are
performed with constrained sea-ice concentration following the Polar
Amplification Model Intercomparison Project (PAMIP) and initial conditions
sampling warm and cold phases of the PDO. Using a general linear model, we
estimate the simulated winter impact of sea-ice loss, PDO and their combined effects. On the one hand, a negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like pattern appears in response to sea-ice loss together with a modest deepening of the Aleutian Low. On the other hand, a warm PDO phase induces a large positive Pacific–North America pattern, as well as a small negative Arctic Oscillation pattern. Both sea-ice loss and warm PDO responses are associated
with a weakening of the poleward flank of the eddy-driven jet, an
intensification of the subtropical jet and a weakening of the stratospheric
polar vortex. These effects are partly additive; the warm PDO phase
therefore enhances the response to sea-ice loss, while the cold PDO phase
reduces it. However, the effects of PDO and sea-ice loss are also partly
non-additive, with the interaction between both signals being slightly
destructive. This results in small damping of the PDO teleconnections under
sea-ice loss conditions, especially in the stratosphere. The sea-ice loss
responses are compared to those obtained with the same model in
atmosphere-only simulations, where sea-ice loss does not significantly alter the stratospheric polar vortex.
Parameter analysis of a multi-element airfoil for application to airborne wind energy
Authors: De Fezza Gianluca , Barber Sarah
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Multi-element airfoils can be used to create high lift and have previously been investigated for various applications such as in commercial aeroplanes during take-off and landing and in the rear end of Formula One cars. Due to the high lift, they are also expected to have high potential for application to airborne wind energy (AWE), as confirmed by recent studies. The goal of this work is to investigate a multi-element airfoil for application to AWE via a parametric study in order to further the understanding and improve the knowledge base of this high-potential research area. This is done by applying the computational fluid dynamics code OpenFOAM to a multi-element airfoil from the literature (the “baseline”), set up for steady-state 2D simulations with a finite-volume mesh generated with snappyHexMesh. Following a grid dependency study and a feasibility study using simulation data from the literature, the angle of attack with the best performance in terms of E2CL (E is the glide ratio; CL is the lift coefficient) is identified. The maximum E2CL is found to be approximately 7 times larger than that of a typical single-element AWE airfoil, at an angle of attack of 17∘. Having found the ideal angle of attack, a parametric study is carried out by altering the relative sizes and angles of the separate airfoil elements, first successively and then using promising combinations. The limits of these changes are set by the structural and manufacturing limitations given by the designers. The results show that E2CL can be increased by up to 46.6 % compared to the baseline design. Despite the increased structural and manufacturing challenges, multi-element airfoils are therefore promising for AWE system applications, although further studies on 3D effects and drone–tether interactions, as well as wind tunnel measurements for improved confidence in the results, are needed.
Molecular detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with mastitis in goats
Authors: Bhagya J. N. , Tresamol P. V. , Vijayakumar K. , Shyma V. H. , Mini M.
Published: August 2022

Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging concern in the world while combating with a wide range of pathogen associated with various disease conditions. It is considered as a silent pandemic nowadays. A constant monitoring and measures for controlling emergence of antimicrobial resistance are crucial in the current situation. The present study was conducted with the objective of detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) associated with mastitis in goats. Milk samples were collected from 66 goats suffering from mastitis and screened for the presence of S. aureus. Conventional microbiological tests and species specific PCR were employed for the species confirmation. A total of 10 samples (15.15%) were found to be positive for S. aurues. Among the ten isolates of S. aureus obtained two isolates (3.03%) were found to harbour mecA gene suggestive of the presence of MRSA phenotype. All the isolates were negative for the presence of pvl gene which is present in highly virulent strains. In short, even though the study demonstrated the presence of MRSA at a lower rate, the results are of a marked public health significance due to the zoonotic significance of the pathogen.
Comparative efficacy and validation of different diagnostic methods in detection of subclinical mastitis in farms of Bundelkhand
Authors: Singh Balendra , Kumar Ramesh
Published: August 2022

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to validate the comparative efficacy of different diagnostic tests commonly used for the detection of subclinical mastitis. The study was designed to determine the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of common tests viz. California Mastitis Test (CMT), Indicator Paper Method (BTB), Somatic Cell Count (SCC), and Electrical Conductivity (EC) with bacterial culture as a standard, in parts of Bundelkhand region. Of the 411 samples, 295 were found to be positive for subclinical mastitis on screening with either of the 4 methods routinely used for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis (SCM). The remaining 120 milk samples were negative for SCM with all methods used. Individual test-wise percentage prevalence was 26.28, 44.53, 30.41, and 41.85% respectively with CMT, EC, BTB, and SCC, respectively. On comparing the results with the culture test, the present study confirmed the superiority of SCC based method for the detection of subclinical mastitis. Correlating the EC results with SCC values avoids false results with maximum accuracy.
Characteristics of the leachate produced during nutrient recycling of food and poultry slaughter wastes by fly larvae
Authors: Mathew D. K. Deepak , Kannan A. , Mathew J. , Suraj P.T. , Sunil B. , Shyama K. , Pathrose B.
Published: August 2022

Biowaste management is a pertinent problem and nutrient recycling utilizing fly larvae is an emerging solution. The leachate produced during biowaste management has potential implications for the environment but studies on this issue are scanty. This study was conducted to assess the characteristics of leachate produced during the bioconversion of food (BW-I) and poultry slaughter waste (BW-II) by natural fly larval activity. The results showed that total volumes of 2.2 L and 1.1 L leachate were produced for BW-I and II respectively. The highest pH in BW-I leachate was 7.43 ± 0.01 and the lowest pH in BW-II was 3.30 ± 0.12. The highest levels of BOD in BW-I and II were 36733.33 ± 430.63 mg/l and 2800.000 ± 999.50 mg/l. The highest level of COD in BW-I was 52575.000 ± 1076.86mg/l while in BW-II it was 4316.67 ± 790.45 mg/l. The high BOD and COD values of the leachate indicated that they needed to be pretreated before being released into the environment.
FEATURES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN STATE BODIES AND THE POPULATION
Authors:   Apparatus of akim of the Baykonyr district of Nur-Sulta, BOPINA-OMAROVA Indira
Published: August 2022

Within the framework of the study, the essence of the interaction of state bodies and the population is considered. The definition of the system of interaction between state bodies and the population is given. The interrelation of the development of ICT, e-government in the communications of the authorities and the population in a general sense and on the example of the OECD is presented. Conclusions and proposals for improving the interaction of the population and state bodies are also formulated.
THE ARCTIC DIRECTION OF NORWAY'S POLICY: A DOCTRINAL BASIS
Authors:   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, CHUKUBAEV Yermek , KALIBEKULY Dastan ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, YERMEKBAYEV Adilbek ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: August 2022

The article examines the features of the doctrinal basis of the Norwegian policy in the Arctic, as well as the military-political strategy to ensure the security of the region. The doctrinal framework of Norwegian policy will put Arctic strategy at the forefront. It has been established that Norway owns the systemic regulation of the legal issues of the Arctic region among the Scandinavian countries, serving at the same time as a kind of model for working out mechanisms to defend interests at the regional and international levels. At the same time, it is Norway that owns an innovative approach to the development of hydrocarbons in the Arctic, to the development of a green economy, which are based on environmental protection, the introduction of science-intensive technologies, incl. alternative energy sources. The doctrinal basis of Norwegian policy towards the Arctic region is characterized by specific directions, where the priority is mainly international cooperation, business development, knowledge development, infrastructure, environmental protection and emergency preparedness. The conceptual basis of Norway's doctrines in the field of Arctic region policy consists of the integration of knowledge, science and business, with the aim of sustainable development of the Arctic. In the doctrinal basis of Norway, security issues and the military-political strategy in relation to the Arctic region play an important role. These issues are regulated by such international relations as NORDAC (Nordic Armaments Cooperation), NATO and the maintenance of bilateral relations and partnership with Russia. In Norway's security policy, the main role is played by the NATO strategy, which is based on systemic exercises of practicing military action in the Arctic and the fulfillment of certain missions by Norway due to the recent Crimean events.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, SARIEVA Zhamilya
Published: August 2022

The article deals with building a public administration system based on the implementation of project management. The article defines the role, place and possibilities of application of project management in public administration. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the identification and analysis of the most significant problems today related to project management in public administration. In this study, methods of qualitative, quantitative and multi-criteria analysis, as well as methods of systematization and generalization were used. When writing the article, we used methods: analysis, comparison. The author proposes ways to create favorable conditions for the effective use of project management in the state structure, among which are increasing the knowledge of employees, improving the office work system, the regulatory framework, and peer review of projects according to the five-criteria methodology. 1 criterion - economic and financial part of the project; 2nd criterion - the social part of the project; 3rd criterion - the political part of the project; 4th criterion - the cultural part of the project; Criterion 5 - the environmental part of the project. The main conclusion of the study is the identification and use of the most significant scientific approaches, methodologies and best organizational management practices in public administration, which allows clarifying the reasons for the failure of some projects, as well as improving the quality of assessing the level of government projects. This makes it possible to adapt the proposed methodology to the evaluation of specific government projects.
INFORMAL COOPERATION AS A PERSPECTIVE MULTIPOLARITY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Academy of Political Science, YAVCHUNOVSKAYA Regina
Published: August 2022

The article presents the results of an analysis of the capabilities of the BRICS member countries to influence the political development of the modern world order and international relations in the new geopolitical conditions in terms of the distribution of regional development functions. When considering the political and economic documents for the development of the activities of the BRICS member countries on key issues related to military-political cooperation, economic policy, the development of digital technologies, attention is paid to key areas for the development of partnership and strategic cooperation in the crisis conditions of the development of the system of international relations.
Twenty years of quantum contextuality at USTC
Authors: Liu Zheng-Hao , Li Qiang , Liu Bi-Heng , Huang Yun-Feng , Xu Jin-Shi , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can ,   CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
Published: August 2022

Quantum contextuality is one of the most perplexing and peculiar features of quantum mechanics. Concisely, it refers to the observation that the result of a single measurement in quantum mechanics depends on the set of joint measurements actually performed. The study of contextuality has a long history at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). Here we review the theoretical and experimental advances in this direction achieved at USTC over the last twenty years. We start by introducing the renowned simplest proof of state-independent contextuality. We then present several experimental tests of quantum versus noncontextual theories with photons. Finally, we discuss the investigation of the role of contextuality in general quantum information science and its application in quantum computation.
Splenic vein turndown for vascular reconstruction following pancreatic cancer resection in patients with high risk profile
Authors: Clout Emma , Wei Tatt Toh James , Majid Adeeb , Tan Ju-En , Iliopoulos Jim , Merrett Neil
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Vascular reconstruction is utilized following resections for pancreatic cancers with borderline resectability. This is defined by venous or partial superior mesenteric artery (SMA) involvement, where vessels are resected en bloc to achieve an R0 resection. There are many vascular reconstruction techniques post en bloc R0 resection, each with its own complication profile. The splenic turndown technique separates the vascular anastomosis from the pancreatic anastomosis, reducing the risk of vascular disruption should a pancreatic leak occur.
Case Report: This is the first report in literature of the splenic vein turndown technique being utilized for vascular reconstruction post- pancreatic resection for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. To date, splenic vein turndown repair has only been described in a trauma setting. In this case, splenic vein turndown was preferred as the patient was on long-term corticosteroids with a high risk of anastomotic leak.
Conclusion: This case report showing that splenic vein turndown technique is a feasible option for vascular reconstruction post-pancreatic resection. The main disadvantage of this technique is high risk of segmental portal hypertension if the spleen is not removed concomitantly. For this reason, its utility should be restricted to patients at high risk of pancreatic leak.
http://www.ijhpd.com/archive/2016-archive/100060IJHPDRZ2016-zijah/100060IJHPDRZ2016-zijah-full-text.php
Authors: Zijah Rifatbegović , Jasmin Hasanović , Amra Meštrić , Emir Ahmetašević , Amir Tursunović , Goran Imamović
Published: August 2022

Aims: The most demanding anastomosis of cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy is pancreaticojejunostomy. In order to reduce the number of complications of pancreatico- jejunostomy, we worked to improve the technique of creating the anastomosis by modification of several aspects of the already standardized technique of creating a pancreaticojejunostomy.
Materials and Methods: Observational cohort study was conducted on 50 patients who had undergone a cephalic pancreaticoduo-denectomy due to a periampullary carcinoma in the period from January 2011 to March 2016. We analyzed the effect of the presented technique on postoperative morbidity and mortality.
Results: Of the 50 surgical patients, 31 (62%) were male. The mean age of the surgical patients was 58.8±10.08 years. Postoperative morbidity of 28% was lower than figures from literatures, which range from 35–43% (p > 0.05). Postoperative mortality was 6%, and in line with the figures from literature. Postoperative pancreatic fistula occurred in 6% of patients, which is also lower than 12.9% found in literature (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Postoperative morbidity in patients in whom a pancreaticojejunostomy was created with presented technique, including the incidence of a postoperative pancreatic fistula, was lower, although the difference was not statistically significant.
3-Cs of Cyberspace and Pakistan: Cybercrime, Cyber-Terrorism, and Cyber Warfare
Authors: Muhammad Nadeem Mirza  , Muhammad Shahzad Akram
Published: August 2022

This qualitative exploratory and embedded case study deliberates the nature of 3-Cs – cybercrime, cyber-terrorism, cyber warfare – against Pakistan. What are the three Cs and how are they impacting the state and society in Pakistan. How Pakistan has been dealing with these threats related to its cyberspace. While taking cue from cyber realism – which provides the basic lens to conduct this research – this study notes that states and state-sponsored individuals, groups, and organisations remain the main actors in the cyberspace who are active against each other. The perception that the cyberspace has diminished the role of state is an exaggeration. States still are the most important actors in the cyber world order animated by the typical great power politics. Pakistan remained a prime target of the cybercrimes, cyber-terrorism, and cyber warfare launched by the regional and extra-regional states. Though, it has implemented Prevention of Electronic Crime Act (PECA) and passed National Cyber Policy, yet it still has to go a long way in order to protect itself against the 3-Cs of the cyberspace. Adopting a proactive strategy to counter these threats prematurely is still a far-fetched cry for Pakistan.
ANÁLISE DAS BARREIRAS PARA ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO DAS DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS NÃO TRANSMISSÍVEIS NO CONTEXTO DA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Medeiros de Souza Gabriela , Alves da Silva Andressa , Menezes Brambila Isabella , Ferrari Natália , Benatti de Almeida Oliveira Janaina , Prado Bereta Vilela Renata
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Identificar e analisar as barreiras para adesão ao tratamento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis no contexto da atenção básica. Metodologia: O presente trabalho trata-se de um estudo transversal com 68 usuários atendidos na Unidade Básica de Saúde de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. Ademais, foi realizada uma entrevista direta estruturada, dividida em três partes, que abordava questões sociodemográficas, estilo de vida e medicamentos em uso. Além disso, para verificar a não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, foi utilizado o Brief Medical Questionnaire. Os dados foram analisados por meio do Teste Qui-quadrado e Teste Exato de Fisher. Resultados: Revelaram uma frequência de não adesão ao tratamento de 41,8% na barreira regime, de 22,1% na barreira crença e 51,5% da amostra na barreira recordação. Conclusão: Foi possível identificar as dificuldades na adesão ao tratamento das doenças crônicas e notou-se que as mais afetadas eram as de adesão e a de recordação, desse modo possibilita-se o desenvolvimento de ações de saúde que fortaleçam a importância da continuidade ao tratamento a fim de aumentar a qualidade de vida dessa população.
Outcome of COVID-19 patients treated with and without monoclonal antibody – adalimumab, along with conventional antiviral therapy
Authors: Dominic Melvin , Senthil M , Sudhan C. Hari Hara , Chanjal K S , Syed Abthahir S
Published: August 2022

Background- The current outbreak of viral pneumonia, caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is the focus of worldwide attention.Based on their mechanism of action and their demonstrated utility in chronic inflammatory conditions and early feasibility studies in COVID-19, there is a strong case for TNF inhibitor use in COVID-19. Objectives-To find out the Outcome of covid 19 patients treated with and without monoclonal antibody – Adalimumab, along with conventional antiviral therapy. Methods-A Retrospective case comparative study of 100 patients with COVID19 who were admitted in VMKVMCH COVID19 Ward, Salem from May 2021 to July 2021 was included in this study. Purposive sampling technique was used. Demographic details of the patients and outcomes were noted.SPSS (Version 22.0) was used. Results- Males were mostly affected (65%) as compared to females (35%), mean age was 49 years. Number of days in hospital stay was 8 days. Mortality was around 4%.RTPCR was the investigation of choice for the diagnosis of COVID done in 93% of patients and it was statistically significant (p<0.05), but due to severity of symptoms HRCT was the gold standard investigation. 97% has CORADS score greater than 5 and it was significant.
Full versus half suction drainage after modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer
Authors: Kakde Mrunal M. , Gore Raju W. , Atram Gangadhar P. , Rathod Vinod
Published: August 2022

Background: Suction drains are routinely used after modified radical mastectomy and are an important factor contributing to increased hospital stay as the patients are often discharged only after their removal. Amongst various factors that influence the amount of postoperative drainage, the negative suction pressure applied to the drain has been reported to be of great significance. While a high negative suction pressure is expected to drain the collection and reduce the dead space promptly, it may also prevent the leaking lymphatics from closing and lead to increased drainage from the wound. Against this background a prospective randomized clinical study was conducted to compare the amount and duration of drainage between a half negative suction and full vacuum suction drainage in patients following modified radical mastectomy. The associated postoperative morbidity was also compared between the two groups. Methods: 40 FNAC (fine needle aspiration cytology) proven cases of locally advanced breast cancer were randomized. (Using randomly ordered sealed envelops, which were opened immediately before the closure of the wound) in to 20 patients with full vacuum suction (pressure = 700 g/m2) and 35 cases in to half vacuum suction drainage (pressure = 350 g/m2) groups.
Education by competencies through project-based learning
Authors: Orellana-Solórzano Mercedes Patricia , Bermúdez-Cevallos Lilia del Rocío
Published: August 2022

In the 21st century, many institutions do not provide competency-based education, since traditionalist education is still applied, without using active methodologies to enhance collaborative work competencies in students. students. For this reason, the purpose of this work is to analyze the achievement of competency-based education using project-based learning in the Juan Antonio Vergara Alcívar Educational Unit. To carry out the study, bibliographic and field research was used, with a qualitative-quantitative approach. Analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive methods were used. In addition, a sample of 30 teachers was used, to whom a survey with multiple choice questions was applied. The data obtained refers to the lack of competency-based education through educational methodologies that occurs in secondary education to develop skills in students. The data was analyzed and tabulated and then contrasted with other investigations, allowing the conclusion that, in the Juan Antonio Vergara Alcívar Educational Unit, education by competence is developed by 60-70% using project-based learning, generating in the students a degree of autonomy and problem-solving skills.
Monitoring driver distraction using machine learning and deep learning techniques
Authors: Sakthivel K. M. E. , Ashoksrinivash A , Haarish T
Published: August 2022

Languid driving is a common and a genuine general medical problem that merits consideration. Late examinations gauge that around 20% of vehicle crashes have been brought about by languid drivers. An individual when the person doesn't have an appropriate rest particularly a driver, will in general nod off causing a car crash. These days, one of the fundamental objectives in the improvement of new progressed driver help frameworks is dependable sleepiness location. It is the reason the current venture needs to understand a framework that can distinguish the sleepiness of the driver, to lessen car crashes. For that framework, it will take the handling of pictures through a camera which will zero in on the driver. In that, it will dissect the progressions that occur in the face and afterward will be handled through a program to identify tiredness to send an alarm to the driver. . These techniques are utilized in a wide scope of uses, the picture arrangement being one of the fields in which these are utilized with progress.
Estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje con el uso de herramientas tecnológicas: Una reflexión desde la experiencia docente
Authors: Valencia Eduardo Menjívar
Published: August 2022

En la actualidad se encuentra una gran gama de herramientas tecnológicas para ser utilizadas en todos los niveles educativos. En ese sentido, los docentes no se encuentran aislados ni ajenos a esta realidad, por lo que el presente artículo aborda, desde la experiencia docente, diferentes herramientas tecnológicas para incorporarlas al proceso educativo. Se describe cómo éstas se pueden implementar como estrategias de enseñanza en las diferentes modalidades: presencial, semipresencial y virtual. Además, se exponen cuáles son las herramientas tecnológicas más adecuadas para su uso académico, qué clase de actividades podrían desarrollar los estudiantes y qué tipo de herramientas tienen mayor impacto en los espacios de aprendizaje. Por otra parte, se reflexiona sobre la necesidad de formar a los docentes en el uso adecuado de las TIC con un enfoque pedagógico. Es decir, no se puede perder de vista que la apropiación de estas tecnologías en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, debe ser un momento de reflexión y comprensión donde las TIC funcionan como un medio y no como un fin.