bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethiopia and Great Britain: A Note on the Anti-Slavery Protocol of 1884
Authors: Meckelburg Alexander , Gebreyes Solomon
Published: November 2018

The emperor of Ethiopia, Yoḥannǝs IV (r. 1872–89), signed a peace treaty with Britain in 1884, which ended the Egyptian–Ethiopian war. This treaty was negotiated by Rear Admiral Sir William Hewett on behalf of the British government. In the treaty’s appendix, Emperor Yoḥannǝs IV also signed an anti-slavery agreement in which he confirmed his will to eliminate the slave trade in all territories under his control. Although the “Hewett treaty” has received some academic interest, the slavery protocol went rather unnoticed. In this article, we will give an overview of the protocol, put it in its historical context, and present a critical edition and translation of the document. We analyze the protocol as written evidence for the British colonial agenda in the wider region of the Horn of Africa.
Fəqrənna Agälgəlot Mahbär (Love and Service Association): Hakim Wärqənäh and an Early Ethiopian NGO
Authors: Garretson Peter P.
Published: November 2018

During the 1920s Hakim Wärqənäh founded the Fəqrənna Agälgəlot Mahbär (Love and Service Organization), which was one of the most important attempts by Ethiopian intellectuals and elite to grapple with the issue of slavery and the slave trade in Ethiopia. It may also have been Ethiopia’s first international NGO (nongovernmental organization). After approval from the heir to the throne, it went on to found a school for freed slaves, the first in Ethiopia. It included in its membership most of Ethiopia’s progressives in the pre-1935 era. It also became an important component in Ras Täfäri’s modernization campaign and a way for progressives to organize and network through their regular meetings. Wärqənäh combined elements of two organizations of which he had been a member, the traditional Mahbär and the Masonic order. All new members had to agree to free all their slaves.
Review of American Thyroid Association guidelines for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum
Authors: Fadeyev Valentin V.
Published: November 2018

Thyroid disease in pregnancy is a common clinical problem. Since the guidelines for the management of these disorders by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) were first published in 2011, significant clinical and scientific advances have occurred in the field. The aim of these guidelines is to inform clinicians, patients, researchers, and health policy makers on published evidence relating to the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease in women during pregnancy, preconception, and the postpartum period. The specific clinical questions addressed in these guidelines were based on prior versions of the guidelines, stakeholder input, and input of task force members. Task force panel members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database searching, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Published English language articles were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians Guideline Grading System was used for critical appraisal of evidence and grading strength of recommendations. The guideline task force had complete editorial independence from the ATA. Competing interests of guideline task force members were regularly updated, managed, and communicated to the ATA and task force members. The revised guidelines for the management of thyroid disease in pregnancy include recommendations regarding the interpretation of thyroid function tests in pregnancy, iodine nutrition, thyroid autoantibodies and pregnancy complications, thyroid considerations in infertile women, hypothyroidism in pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy, thyroid nodules and cancer in pregnant women, fetal and neonatal considerations, thyroid disease and lactation, screening for thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy, and directions for future research.
We have developed evidence-based recommendations to inform clinical decision-making in the management of thyroid disease in pregnant and postpartum women. While all care must be individualized, such recommendations provide, in our opinion, optimal care paradigms for patients with these disorders.
From simplicial homotopy to crossed module homotopy in modified categories of interest
Authors: Emir Kadir , Çetin Selim
Published: November 2018

We address the (pointed) homotopy of crossed module morphisms in modified categories of interest that unify the notions of groups and various algebraic structures. We prove that the homotopy relation gives rise to an equivalence relation as well as to a groupoid structure with no restriction on either domain or co-domain of the corresponding crossed module morphisms. Furthermore, we also consider particular cases such as crossed modules in the categories of associative algebras, Leibniz algebras, Lie algebras and dialgebras of the unified homotopy definition. Finally, as one of the major objectives of this paper, we prove that the functor from simplicial objects to crossed modules in modified categories of interest preserves the homotopy as well as the homotopy equivalence.
Experimental analysis of structural damage in tensile membranes
Authors: Trentadue Bartolomeo
Published: November 2018

Different numerical and experimental methods have recently been introduced in the literature for the diagnosis of structural damage by using location-dependent changes in the modal parameters (natural frequencies, damping factors and mode shapes). The main task is to determine the presence, location and extent of the damage. This work is concerned with the possibility of introducing, along with a manufacturing process, an on-line quality control for structural components before assembly using modal parameters. The assembly process is usually realized by welding joints or bolts. The structural reliability of the entire system results, therefore, is dependent on the reliability of the single elementary components as well as on the local quality of the welding processes. As a result, a non-destructive control provided together with the relevant assembly or manufacturing process can be important for the integrity of the whole system. The modal analysis techniques [Giannoccaro NI, Messina A, Trentadue B, Masciocco G, Montuori G. Detection of Changes in Mechanical Components for Automobile Chassis Using Modal Data. ATA International Edition, 2001; Messina A, Williams EJ, Contursi T. J. Sound Vib. 1998, 216 (5), 791–808] lend themselves well to the case because they are based on the measurement of parameters (natural frequencies and mode shapes). They are sensitive to the structural modifications but have a different sensitivity for the variations in the generic investigated zones of the system. To enact the real possibility of using such a technique, the defects that are troublesome for integrating the assembled or elementary component must be established. These defects have to induce some variations in the checked parameters (modal parameters) in order to be out of experimental repeatability of the same parameters connected with healthy structural systems. In this work, natural frequencies are shown and compared to a non-contact optical technique subsequently experimentally reliable when used in diagnostic routines connected with geometrically similar components from a molding process.
Uniqueness theorems for L-functions in the extended Selberg class
Authors: Hao Wen-Jie , Chen Jun-Fan
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we obtain uniqueness theorems of L-functions from the extended Selberg class, which generalize and complement some recent results due to Li, Wu-Hu, and Yuan-Li-Yi.
Pain assessment in hospitalized spinal cord injured patients – a controlled cross-sectional study
Authors: Rosendahl Amalie , Krogh Søren , Kasch Helge
Published: November 2018

Background and aims

Following spinal cord injury (SCI), a majority of individuals may develop neuropathic pain, which further reduces quality of life. Pain is difficult to treat by medication; in fact, medication overuse may aggravate neuropathic pain in SCI by causing central sensitization (CS): a mechanism of hyper-reactivity of the dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord with amplified cerebral pain response. The purpose of this study was to examine the presence of neuropathic pain and CS above the spinal lesion in SCI, and to investigate whether injury characteristics or medication influenced pain response.

Methods

Twenty-four SCI patients with various injury characteristics (eight subacute, traumatic injuries, eight chronic, traumatic injuries, eight non-traumatic injuries) and 12 able-bodied controls underwent sensory testing:pressure algometry, Von Frey filaments (sensitivity), and repetitive pinprick stimulation (pain windup). SCI participants also fulfilled a modified version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Data were analyzed regarding (i) SCI patients compared with controlgroup and (ii) SCI subgroup comparison (grouped by a) injury characteristics and (b) intake of analgesics, where low-medicated subgroup were prescribed only non-opioids and high-medicated potent opioids).

Results

Neuropathic pain was present in 21 of 24 SCI patients. Chronic and non-traumatic SCI patients reported considerably higher present pain intensity than sub-acute traumatic SCI patients on a five-point scale (3.13±0.99, 1.75±1.75 and 0.13±0.35, respectively, p<0.005). Reduced pressure pain detection thresholds (PPDT) were found in SCI patients at several supra-lesional anatomical points compared to controls. Contrarily, tactile detection thresholds were higher in SCI. SCI subgroup analyses showed that i) the low-medicated SCI subgroup displayed significantly lower PPDT compared to the high-medicated subgroup, ii) pain-windup was present in all subgroups although the sub-acute and non-traumatic subgroups displayed lesser pain windup than controls, and the chronic SCI subgroup mainly displayed higher pain windup.

Conclusions

The reduced PPDT found above lesion suggests the presence of CS in SCI. However, findings regarding SCI subgroup comparison did not support our hypothesis that more medication leads to increased CS.

Implications

The development of CS may complicate diagnosis and pain treatment following SCI. Prospective studies of SCI with a healthy control group are needed.
Jean de Joinville and the Old French rhotic consonant
Authors: Chekin Peter
Published: November 2018

Based on textual evidence from Jean de Joinville’s Vie de saint Louis, this article argues that the Old French rhotic consonant /r/ had a dorsal pronunciation for at least some groups of medieval Francophones. This argument counters the prevailing view that medieval French /r/ was uniformly apical, and that the now-standard dorsal pronunciation only emerged in the early modern period. The article then develops the hypothesis that dorsal /r/ came into Old French as a result of Germanic influence, and not as a spontaneous development. For this purpose, it first surveys the current state of the debate about the origins of dorsal /r/ in the Germanic languages and evaluates the merits of its principal arguments in the light of Joinville’s testimony. The article then advances a sociolinguistic argument in favor of the Germanic-origins hypothesis. Using the available evidence for the interactions between Germanic- and Romance-speakers at the dawn of the written French language, it proposes that Carolingian-era nobles who were native speakers of Franconian dialects brought this pronunciation of /r/ into Old French, and that this sound subsequently persisted in some Old French aristocratic speech as part of a prestige accent.
Visiblement : l’évolution diachronique d’un marqueur évidentiel
Authors: Vanderheyden Anne , Dendale Patrick
Published: November 2018

In this paper we describe the French adverb visiblement in synchrony as well as in diachrony on the basis of all its occurrences in the data base Frantext. We show how and when it developed into an evidential marker. We examine the various distributional, syntactic and semantic changes the adverb underwent, from Old French until now. Regarding its evidential meaning, we show that visiblement, despite the presence of the perception element visible in its morphology, belongs to the category of evidential markers of inference (on the basis of perceivable or cognitively clear evidence) and not to that of evidential markers of direct perception. Finally, on a more theoretical level, we show in this study that in the case of visiblement semantic change precedes syntactic change, which seems to be rather uncommon.
Middle constructions in Romanian
Authors: Bodoc Alice , Gheorghe Mihaela
Published: November 2018

The present paper aims to present an inventory of Romanian middle contructions (se‑verbal constructions), and to extend the analysis to other structures (with or without se) that were not previously investigated, but exhibit the same characteristics, and seem to allow middle reading (adjunct middles). Since Jespersen (1927), middles were attested cross-linguistically, and the focus on middles is justified if we consider the fact that this is an interesting testing ground for theories of syntax, semantics and their interaction (Fagan 1992). Starting from Grahek’s definition (2008, 44), in this paper, middles are a heterogeneous class of constructions that share formal properties of both active and passive structures: on the one hand, they have active verb forms, but, on the other hand, like passives, they have understood subjects and normally display promoted objects. The corpus analysis will focus on the particular contexts in which the middle reading is triggered: i) the adverbial modification; ii) the modal/procedural interpretation of the event; iii) the responsibility of the subject; iv) the arbitrary interpretation of the implicit argument which follows from the generic interpretation (Steinbach 2002).
Encore la note marginale de la première page du manuscrit de la Chanson de la croisade albigeoise
Authors: Kullmann Dorothea
Published: November 2018

Edition of the erased marginal note of the first page of the manuscript of the Chanson de la croisade albigeoise (BnF fr. 25425). This note seems to indicate the name of the person responsible for the text as a whole, who is very likely the same as the – hitherto anonymous – author of the second part of the Chanson. It was probably added in order to correct the information given by the first lines of the text in this manuscript.
Low serum vitamin D and early dental implant failure: Is there a connection? A retrospective clinical study on 1740 implants placed in 885 patients
Authors: Guido Mangano Francesco , Ghertasi Oskouei Sina , Paz Ana , Mangano Natale , Mangano Carlo
Published: November 2018

Background. Since osseointegration depends on bone metabolism, low levels of vitamin D in the blood may negatively affect bone formation around dental implants. To date, only a few studies have investigated the possible connection between serum levels of vitamin D and early dental implant failure (EDIF), i.e. failure that occurs within 4 months after placement, before the connection of the prosthetic abutment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between low serum levels of vitamin D and EDIF. Methods. Data used for this retrospective study were derived from the records of a private dental clinic. Inclusion criteria were patients who had been treated with dental implants, inserted with a submerged technique from January 2003 to December 2017. EDIF was the outcome of this study. Chi-squared test was used to investigate the effect of patient-related variables (age, gender, smoking habit, history of periodontal disease and serum levels of vitamin D) on EDIF. Results. Originally, 885 patients treated with 1,740 fixtures were enrolled in this study. Overall, 35 EDIFs (3.9%) were reported. No correlation was found between EDIF and the patients' gender (P=0.998), age (P=0.832), smoking habit (P=0.473) or history of periodontal disease (P=0.386). Three EDIFs (11.1%) were reported in 27 patients with serum levels of vitamin D <10 ng/mL, 20 EDIFs (4.4%) in 448 patients with levels between 10 and 30 ng/mL, and 12 EDIFs (2.9%) in 410 patients with levels >30 ng/mL. Although there was a clear trend toward an increased incidence of EDIF with lowering of serum vitamin D levels, no statistically significant difference (P=0.105) was found among these three groups. Conclusion. Within its limitations (retrospective design, low number of patients with severe blood levels of vitamin D enrolled), this study failed to demonstrate a significant relationship between low serum levels of vitamin D and increased risk of EDIF. However, since a dramatic increase in EDIFs with lowering of vitamin D levels in the blood has been reported, further clinical studies with appropriate design (prospective or randomized controlled studies on a larger sample of severely deficient patients) are needed to better investigate this topic
Effect of lateral oblique cyclic loading on microleakage and screw loosening of implants with different connections
Authors: Siadat Hakimeh , Najafi Hossain , Alikhasi Marzieh , Falahi Babak , Beyabanaki Elaheh , Zayeri Farid
Published: November 2018

Background. The implant connection type might affect microleakage and screw loosening in two-piece implants. The aim of this study was to measure microleakage and screw loosening of two connections of Noble Biocare implant system before and after cyclic loading. Methods. Twelve samples were categorized into two groups: external hexagon (Branemark) and internal hexagon connection (Noble Active) and two implants as controls. The abutments were tightened to a 35 Ncm torque. Initial torque loss (ITL) was measured five minutes after retightening the abutment, using a digital torque wrench. The samples were covered with putty material to the abutment‒implant junction. Customized metal crowns with 45° inclinations were placed on the abutments and cyclic loading was performed accordingly. Thereafter, the secondary torque loss (STL) was measured. Microleakage test was also performed. Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests (α=0.05). Results. There were no statistically significant differences between the two phases of gamma counting between and within two groups (P>0.05). However, STL after cyclic loading was less than ITL in both groups (P=0.042). Conclusion. Connection type and cyclic loading had no significant effect on microleakage. Furthermore, the internal connection had less TL as compared to the external connection. In addition, the STLs were less than ITLs in both groups.
Comparison of the maximum hand-generated torque by professors and postgraduate dental students for tightening the abutment screws of dental implants
Authors: Parnia Feridoun , Yazdani Javad , Fakour Parisa , Mahboub Farhang , Vahid Pakdel Seyyed Mahdi
Published: November 2018

Background.Dental implants are utilized with an ever-increasing rate. One of the causes of abutment screw loosening has been identified as inadequate preload. The objective behind this study was to compare the maximum hand-generated torque for tightening abutment screws by professors and postgraduate dental students using a digital torquemeter with 0.1 N/cm precision. Methods.In a laboratory study conducted in Dental Implant Department of Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, the maximum hand-generated torque for tightening abutment screws by professors and postgraduate dental students was investigated, using a digital torquemeter with 0.1 N/cm precision. Results.The participants consisted of 36 (41.9%) females and 50 (58.1%) males, totaling 86 participants, of whom 45 (46.87%) and 41 (53.13%) were university professors and postgraduate dental students, respectively. The mean age of the participants was 33.4±10.2 years with an age range of 25‒60 years; 50 (58.1%) participants were in the 25‒34-year, 23 (26.7%) in the 35‒47-year, and 13 (15.1%) in the 48‒60-year age range. The mean age of professors and postgraduate dental students was 41±8.3 and 25.1±3.3 years, respectively. The means of maximum torques generated by female and male professors were 14.3±3 and 20.8±4.2, respectively. The means of maximum torques generated by female and male postgraduate dental students were 14.7±3.4 and 18.7±4.3, respectively. Statistical analyses showed no significant differences between the mean maximum torques generated by professors and postgraduate dental students (P=0.051). Conclusion. In the present study, the mean maximum torque generated by professors was higher than that generated by postgraduate dental students. However, the difference was not statistically significant. The mean maximum torque generated by male subjects was significantly higher. No interaction was seen between the studied groups and sex. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean maximum torques generated in different age ranges; i.e., the maximum torque generated in the 25‒34-year age range was lower than that in the other two age groups. Finally, the effect of age range on the mean maximum torque was similar in both groups.
Proposing a New Apparatus to Assess the Properties of Self-Consolidating Concrete
Authors: Nili Mahmoud , Razmara Mehrdaad
Published: November 2018

Developing a quick and low-disturbance method that allows quantification of the fresh properties of self-consolidating concrete (SCC), such as filling ability, passing ability, and segregation resistance, is in high demand. Some apparatuses that measure only one property of SCC have been developed so far, so there is no apparatus for simultaneous measurement of all SCC properties. In the present article, a new apparatus that can rapidly assess the aforementioned properties at the same time was proposed. In order to evaluate the performance of the new apparatus, seven different SCC mixtures were prepared, and their fresh properties were experimentally analyzed. One common test for each property of SCC was also performed to verify the results. The results of this article revealed that the results obtained of fresh properties by the new apparatus were in a good agreement with those measured by the traditional methods. As a result, the proposed apparatus may be an appropriate substitution for determination of all SCC properties.
Experimental Study on Clay Brick Masonry Assemblies Strengthened with Basalt Textile Reinforced Mortar
Authors: Ewe Bryan , Mo Kim Hung , Lee Foo Wei , Yuen Choon Wah , Ling Tung-Chai
Published: November 2018

This research proposes the use of a basalt textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) system as an overlay to strengthen brick masonry. A comparison of the strength performances, namely, the compressive strength, flexural bond strength, and shear bond strength, between unreinforced brick assembly and basalt TRM–reinforced brick assembly was made. The reinforced specimens exhibited improved strength performance, in particular, the flexural bond and shear bond strengths whereby more than a two-fold increase was observed. Additionally, the coefficient of variations in the compressive and flexural bond strength of brick assemblies was reduced when reinforced with the basalt TRM.
Influence of Materials and Machining Parameters on Drilling Performance of Syntactic Foams
Authors: Ashrith Hiriyalu Shivegowda , Doddamani Mrityunjay , Gaitonde Vinayak Neelakanth , Gupta Nikhil
Published: November 2018

The effects of drilling parameters and material properties are investigated on epoxy matrix syntactic foams reinforced with 20, 40, and 60 volume percent glass microballoon. The influences of cutting speed, feed, drill diameter, and filler content on drilling performance are studied based on the full factorial design of experiments using tungsten carbide twist drills. Based on experimental results, machinability aspects within the range of the chosen input parameters are predicted using response surface methodology-based models, which can guide industrial practitioners for choosing the appropriate process parameters. Microscopy is conducted on the drilled specimens to understand crack initiation and propagation mechanisms. The thrust force and specific cutting coefficient of syntactic foam are 40 % lower as compared to those of neat epoxy. The surface roughness of syntactic foams is higher than that of neat epoxy. The micrographs of drill bits show negligible tool wear. These results show the possibility of using syntactic foams in industrial applications in which the drilling of material is required for reasons such as joining using bolts.
THE CORRELATION OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ TENDENCY OF CRITICAL THINKING AND THEIR CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS TOWARDS THEIR LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Andayani Yayuk
Published: November 2018

This research employs Ex Facto approach to analyse the relation between prospective teachers’ critical thinking tendency (CTT) and their critical thinking skills (CTS) towards their learning outcome. The subject of this research the fifth semester students of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teaching, Universitas Mataram academic year of 2017/2018. The research focuses on the teaching of Chemical Physics III subject to 40 people who are chosen under purposive sampling method. The variable of attribute is the use of project-based learning and CTT while the dependent variable is the CTS and students’ learning outcome. The data of CTT were obtained through questionnaires focusing on the matter while the students’ CTS and learning outcome were measured using essay tests. The analysis of the data utilizes Pearson correlation test. The result of the test showed significant relevance between CTT and CTS (rcount ; 0.341 > rtable ;0.312). Meanwhile, the total of CTT and learning outcome do not show significant coexistence (rcount ; 0.096 < rtable ;0.312), even though the indicator of open-mindedness displayed a significant coherence to learning outcome (rcount ; 0.449 > rtable ;0.312). Based on the result, to sum up, there is a significant relation between critical thinking tendency and critical thinking skills.
Efeito de ondas curtas por método indutivo na lombalgia crônica inespecífica em indivíduos sedentários
Authors: Bonetti Alessandra , Pietraczk Débora , Maciel Bruna Badotti , Padilha Marcos Vinicius Lazzaretti , Stein Taciane , Bertolini Gladson Ricardo Flor
Published: November 2018

AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy of inductive shortwave treatment in sedentary individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain.METHODS: A quasi-experimental and cross-over trial was performed with sedentary individuals with chronic back pain. The sample was recruited among students from the State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), aged between 18 and 25 years old, who had low back pain of non-traumatic postural origin for more than three months, were sedentary, and accepted to participate in the study. The intervention protocol consisted in the application of short waves by inductive method for 15 minutes, once a day, three times a week, with interval of one day between each application. In the following week, volunteers also received placebo treatment three times a week, with time similar to that performed in the treatment week, but the equipment was only switched on, without emission of the electromagnetic field. The protocol was applied for two weeks. The variables analyzed were the degree of functional disability, assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (QIRM), at the beginning of the experiment and at the end of each week; and pain, assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), before and after each session. Data were presented as mean and standard deviation or median and quartiles, and the accepted level of significance was 5%.RESULTS: Twenty volunteers participated in the study. For ODI, there was a reduction in the disability values throughout the treatment week, with a return to previous values in the placebo week; there were no differences between treatment and placebo for the MIRR. By VAS, there was a reduction in pain intensity over the three days of therapy, which occurred only on the second day of the placebo.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with short waves in the inductive modality was effective in reducing pain in sedentary patients with chronic low back pain, contributing to improve functional capacity.
Empathy, Introversion and the OSCE. Reflections of a 2nd Year Medical Student
Authors: Lui Joshua , Papageorgiou Alexia
Published: November 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Clinical communication skills training is a key element of modern medical education as it has been shown to have multiple benefits in delivering healthcare. Various factors affect clinical communication and we believe that personality is a major one. As an introverted second year medical student who has recently failed his Objectively Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) despite passing the written knowledge examination with flying colours, I reflect on my OSCE experience and try to understand the reasons that caused my failure. Methods for improving communication skills such as role plays, systematic desensitisation and remediation are suggested. Although there is one study that has shown that introverted students score lower in OSCEs compared to extroverted students, more research is needed in this area in order to draw meaningful conclusions. Therefore, a research study is suggested to look into the correlation between personality traits and OSCE results. If a correlation is indeed found, it may suggest that medical schools should provide additional support in communication skills for introverted students.
Opposing Roles of Dendritic Cell Subsets in Experimental GN
Authors: Brähler Sebastian , Zinselmeyer Bernd H. , Raju Saravanan , Nitschke Maximilian , Suleiman Hani , Saunders Brian T. , Johnson Michael W. , Böhner Alexander M.C. , Viehmann Susanne F. , Theisen Derek J. , Kretzer Nicole M. , Briseño Carlos G. , Zaitsev Konstantin , Ornatsky Olga , Chang Qing , Carrero Javier A. , Kopp Jeffrey B. , Artyomov Maxim N. , Kurts Christian , Murphy Kenneth M. , Miner Jeffrey H. , Shaw Andrey S.
Published: November 2018

Dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to form a dendritic network across barrier surfaces and throughout organs, including the kidney, to perform an important sentinel function. However, previous studies of DC function used markers, such as CD11c or CX3CR1, that are not unique to DCs. Here, we evaluated the role of DCs in renal inflammation using a CD11c reporter mouse line and two mouse lines with DC-specific reporters, Zbtb46-GFP and Snx22-GFP. Multiphoton microscopy of kidney sections confirmed that most of the dendritically shaped CD11c+ cells forming a network throughout the renal interstitium expressed macrophage-specific markers. In contrast, DCs marked by Zbtb46-GFP or Snx22-GFP were less abundant, concentrated around blood vessels, and round in shape. We confirmed this pattern of localization using imaging mass cytometry. Motility measurements showed that resident macrophages were sessile, whereas DCs were motile before and after inflammation. Although uninflamed glomeruli rarely contained DCs, injury with nephrotoxic antibodies resulted in accumulation of ZBTB46
+
cells in the periglomerular region. ZBTB46 identifies all classic DCs, which can be categorized into two functional subsets that express either CD103 or CD11b. Depletion of ZBTB46
+
cells attenuated the antibody-induced kidney injury, whereas deficiency of the CD103+ subset accelerated injury through a mechanism that involved increased neutrophil infiltration. RNA sequencing 7 days after nephrotoxic antibody injection showed that CD11b+ DCs expressed the neutrophil-attracting cytokine CXCL2, whereas CD103+ DCs expressed high levels of several anti-inflammatory genes. These results provide new insights into the distinct functions of the two major DC subsets in glomerular inflammation.
Мы живем в новое время, и нам нужны новые концепции
Authors: Гуаярт Висенте
Published: November 2018

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Tendencias del uso agrícola del agua en tres municipios del bajío michoacano
Authors: González-Santana Octavio M.
Published: November 2018

La modernización de la agricultura y la producción de cultivos para exportación, impacta fuertemente en el ámbito rural. En el análisis exploratorio discutiremos el cambio de los patrones de cultivo y su efecto en el consumo de agua subterránea en municipios michoacanos. Específicamente examinamos las presiones que sufre un acuífero de una subcuenca, así como una desigual distribución de los recursos hídricos. Desde una perspectiva geográfica, utilizamos tres variables para evaluar la presión ejercida sobre los recursos hídricos: cantidad de pozos, volumen concesionado y profundidad de perforación. Ese primer acercamiento permite visualizar las áreas que están en riesgo de sobreexplotación, pues se han hecho muy pocos estudios hidrológicos sobre el nivel de equilibrio hidráulico de los acuíferos en México.  Otro aspecto dilucidado es por qué hay un grado de concentración de pozos en un sitio determinado desde mediados de1980.
Testing defects in automated ultrasonic testing and radiographic testing
Authors: Morgan L
Published: November 2018

For high-value pipeline projects, the NDT system used for weld inspection is frequently qualified by testing the system with flawed welds made deliberately for the purpose. Such deliberately fabricated flaws cannot be made to be completely realistic. Past work for pipeline inspection
has shown a degree of tolerance to this when testing automated ultrasonic testing (AUT) systems, but this is not always the case. Comparing the shapes of the flaws from metallurgical sections with their ultrasonic detection suggests that shape is not the only determining factor and shows that
ultrasonic testing (UT) diversity is key to a robust performance. Indeed, it is shown that a well-designed AUT system can be tolerant to a wide range of differences in materials, welding and geometry.
Cosmonautas del futuro. Experiencias de transvivienda para tiempos de posbienestar.
Authors: Rieiro Díaz Rodrigo
Published: November 2018

En el contexto posterior a la crisis inmobiliaria de 2008 se ha renovado el interés en modelos de vivienda alternativos y colectivos, mientras se mantiene cierta incomprensión mutua entre la disciplina arquitectónica y las experiencias reales de vivienda radicalmente diferentes. Ante esta situación, este artículo recorre la tradición formada por las experiencias que, entre la comuna y la covivienda, han intentado transitar hacia formas antiautoritarias de alojamiento humano, deteniéndose en los casos particularmente longevos y exitosos que arrancaron en los países nórdicos en los años setenta. De su estudio se propone el concepto de transvivienda como herramienta para reinterpretar los antiguos ensayos del futuro y ayudar a que los nuevos casos puedan cumplir su objetivo de transformarse en pasados de un mejor porvenir.
Presente simple
Authors: Massad Fredy
Published: November 2018

Crítica arquitectónica
OUTCOME OF METASTATIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (MRCC) PATIENTS TREATED BY ANTI-PD-1 THERAPY IN EXPANDED ACCESS PROGRAM: CLINICAL EFFICACY AND POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR NIVOLUMAB THERAPY
Authors: Sayapina M. S. , Savyolov N. A. , Lyubimova N. V. , Timofeev Yu. S. , Nosov D. A.
Published: November 2018

Therapy with immune checkpoints inhibitors (anti-PD-1 therapy) has become the standard of care for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients with resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Identification of reliable predictive markers for anti-PD-1 therapy would help to select patients who are most likely to respond to checkpoints inhibitors. This article represents the results of treatment of 23 mRCC patients who received nivolumab as part of the expanded access program in Russia. All patients demonstrated resistance to previous lines of TKI therapy. Overall response rate for nivolumab was 21.7 % with median progression-free survival of 4 months (95%CI=1.37–10.04). The median overall survival was not reached with the median follow-up of 10 months (3–14 months). The grade 3–4 toxicity was observed in 3 (13 %) pts. Favorable MSKCC prognosis before treatment, the initial level of sPD-1 exceeding the estimated threshold value and the development of any grade hypothyroidism after treatment initiation were associated with greater progression free survival. The number of preceding lines of TKI therapy, the level of PD-L1 and FOXP3 expression on tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) did not significantly affect progression-free survival in this group of mRCC patients. The ef ficacy and toxicity profile of nivolumab corresponded to the results of phase 2–3 trials.
THE USE OF SUBMENTAL LOCAL FLAP AND RADIAL FREE FLAP FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF DEFECTS IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANCER
Authors: Kropotov M. A. , Sobolevskiy V. A. , Lysov A. A. , Yakovleva L. P. , Khodos A. V.
Published: November 2018

Introduction.Due to anatomical features, surgical treatment of oral cancer can lead to significant functional and esthetic defects. Main methods of reconstruction can be divided into groups of local and free flaps. There are lots of publications devoted to reconstruction of defects of oral cavity with the use of local and free flaps, but only few of them contain the comparison of these methods in the aspect of functional results.Materials and methods.A total of 58 patients with oral cancer were included in our study. All patients received surgical treatment with one-time reconstruction of defect. In 34 cases we used free radial flap and in 24 – submental local flap.Results.The use of submental flap has advantages in the intraoperative time, time of recovery, functional results, with the same locoregional control.Conclusions.We suggest submental local flap and radial free flap to be the method of choice in reconstruction of mucosa and soft tissues defects in patients with primary and recurrent oral cancer.
NIVOLUMAB EXPERIENCE IN THE TREATMENT OF PRE-TREATED PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC SKIN MELANOMA
Authors: Samoylenko I. V. , Zhulikov Ya. I. , Kharkevich G. Yu. , Petenko N. N. , Demidov L. V.
Published: November 2018

The appearance of anti-PD-1 drugs significantly improved prognosis of patients with metastatic skin melanoma. However, little data on the effectiveness of these drugs in the second and subsequent lines of therapy has been accumulated in the international literature. We have analyzed our experience in the use of nivolumab in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. This non-randomized, uncontrolled, continuous study included 53 patients with metastatic or unresectable melanoma, of whom 86.8 % (46) received two or more lines of systemic therapy for metastatic melanoma. The rate of objective response was 22.6 % (95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 53.3–64.4 %). The median progression-free survival was 4.37 months (95 % CI 2.27–6.47). The median overall survival was 17.9 months (95 % CI 8.89–26.99). One-, two-, three-year overall survival contained 66, 35 and 35 %, respectively. The efficacy of nivolumab in the second and subsequent treatment lines is significantly lower than showed in the results of randomized trials of the use of anti-PD-1 drugs in the first line of therapy.
A questionnaire based study to assess feedback on teaching methodology and evaluation methods in pharmacology
Authors: J. Balabalajee , M. Sakthibalan , B. R. Meher
Published: November 2018

Background: The reviewing of teaching and evaluation methods by feedback from students and modification is very important for further development and restructuring of medical education in future. The curriculum that we follow needs to be assessed periodically as it highlights the strengths as well as points out the fallacies, which are required to improve the medical teaching.Methods: The present study was carried out at Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre in a total of 100 third year MBBS students. Pre-validated questionnaire was used. Suggestions were also enquired regarding the modifications needed in pharmacology teaching methods.Results: Out of the topic of interest in pharmacology, CNS ranks first with 28%, followed by CVS with 20%. Regarding the topic to be added in regular Pharmacology teaching, 37% preferred on case study and treatment discussion, while 32% preferred group discussion and 16% for quiz. Among the students 54% preferred text books only for studying pharmacology. Regarding the special topics to be discussed in pharmacology, 31% opted for paediatric pharmacology. The students have also suggested for clinical based teaching.Conclusions: The results of present study can serve as positive feedback to make the teaching programme more interesting. A well designed and systematic prospective research needs to be carried out, so that students get updated every year. It can also pave way for a rational prescribing practice after acquiring a proper and updated knowledge about Pharmacology as part of the undergraduate teaching programme.
A study to assess proximal femoral nailing versus dynamic hip screw device in surgical management of intertrochanteric fractures: a comparative study
Authors: Radhe Shyam E. S. , Ashwin K.
Published: November 2018

Background: The incidence of inter trochanteric fracture is expected to have doubled by 2040. Inter trochanteric fractures account for about 45% to 50% of all hip fractures in the elderly populationand out of these, near about 50% to 60% are classified as unstable intertrochanteric fractures. The goal of treatment is restoring mobility safely and efficiently, while minimizing the risk of medical complications and technical failure. This study as performed to assess functional outcome with dynamic hip screw and proximal femoral nail in intertrochanteric fracture management.

Methods: It was prospective observational study done for a period of 1year from January 2016-January 2017 among patients who attended OPD or emergency department with intertrochanteric fracture. Two different implants were used dynamic hip screw (DHS) and proximal femoral nail (PFN).

Results: Excellent results in functional outcome was more in case of PFN (66.6%) compared to DHS (50%). The type of trauma in DHS group was road traffic accident in 38.8%, domestic fall in 50% and others such as assault was in 11.1% while in PFN group intertrochanteric fracture was seen in 61.1% due to domestic fall.

Conclusions: The functional outcome was more better with proximal femoral nail (PFN) compared to dynamic hip screw (DHS). Therefore, proximal femoral nail (PFN) should be preferred for management of intertrochanteric fractures.
II. ABDÜLHAMİD DÖNEMİNDE TRABZON’DA AMELE GÖÇÜ
Authors: İPEK Nedim
Published: November 2018

Osmanlı coğrafyasında

emeğin istihdam alanı ile iş arayanların bulunduğu yerler birbirinden farklı

idi. Bu durum gurbetçiliği tetiklemekteydi. Rumeli’de geçim sıkıntısı çekenler

İstanbul’un yanı sıra hasat vakti Yunanistan, Bulgaristan, Romanya kırsalına

gidiyorlardı. Doğu ve Güneydoğulular rızıklarını temin için Adana’ya giderken,

Orta Anadolu ve Adalardan İzmir ve Batı Anadolu’ya geliyorlardı. Göç veren

yerlerden en çok sıkıntı çekilen yer Trabzon bölgesiydi. Halk çareyi gurbete

gitmekte buluyordu.  Gurbetçiler

Trabzon’dan Zonguldak, İstanbul, Bulgaristan, Romanya, Rusya ve Gürcistan’a

geçici olarak gitmekteydi.
TÜRK BASININDA SOVYET RUSYA VE UKRAYNA’NIN KIRIM MİLLİ HÜKÜMETİNİ YOK ETME GİRİŞİMLERİ
Authors: URAL Selçuk , TURP Muharrem
Published: November 2018

Sovyet

İhtilali’nin ardından ortaya çıkan karmaşa döneminde Kırım Tatarları uzun

yıllar varlıklarını sürdürdükleri Kırım’da teşkilatlanma yoluna girerek 26

Aralık 1917’de Kırım Tatar Hükümeti’ni kurdular. Numan Çelebi Cihan

liderliğindeki hükümet iş başında kaldığı kısa süre içerisinde eğitim, ekonomi

ve daha pek çok alanda çalışmalar yapmaya niyetlense de Bolşevik kuvvetlerince

kanlı şekilde dağıtıldı. Numan Çelebi Cihan kurşuna dizilerek idam edildi. 1918

Mayıs ayında Kırım Tatar Meclisi tarafından Kırım Milli Hükümeti kurma çabaları

Bolşevik Rusya ve Ukrayna tarafından tepkiyle karşılandı.

Osmanlı Hükümeti,

Kırım’daki bu gelişmeleri yakından takip etti. Almanya’nın Brest-Litowsk Antlaşması sonrası bölgedeki etkisini

değerlendirmeye çalıştı. 1918’de Kırım’da

meydana gelen gelişmeler dönemin basınında sıkça yer buldu. Basın, Kırım’ın

bağımsızlığı ve Tatarların mücadelesine ilişkin haber ve makalelerle Türk kamu-oyunu

bilgilendirdi. 
“ANAYASAYA HAYIR DEMEK”: 1961 ANAYASA REFERANDUMU VE SAMSUN
Authors: DUMAN Önder
Published: November 2018

Vatandaşların muhtelif siyasî ve toplumsal sorunlara dair görüşünü almak

için başvurulan referandum, son bir asırlık dönemde dünyada sıkça uygulanan

demokratik bir yöntemdir. Genellikle anayasa, sınırlar, kamusal düzenlemeler ve

uluslararası birliklere katılım gibi konularda referanduma gidilirken, Türkiye

Cumhuriyeti’nde ilk referandum 27 Mayıs 1960 askerî darbesi sonrası hazırlanan

anayasaya yönelik olarak 9 Temmuz 1961’de yapılmıştır. Askerî yönetimin hüküm

sürdüğü bir ortamda, sıkıyönetim koşullarında yapılan referandumda halk yüzde

62 oranında “evet” derken, “hayır” oyları yüzde 38’de kalmıştır. Referandumda

anayasaya çoğunlukla “Hayır” oyu veren illerden biri de Samsun’dur. Propaganda

sürecinde siyasilerin, derneklerin ve sivil toplum kuruluşlarının desteği ile

yoğun bir “evet” kampanyası yürütülmesine rağmen Samsun’da halk yüzde 57

oranında anayasaya “hayır” demiştir. Çalışmada ülkedeki anayasa yapım ve

referandum propaganda süreci ile eşzamanlı olarak Samsun’da yaşananlar ve

ortaya çıkan hayır sonucunun dinamikleri arşiv belgeleri, süreli yayınlar ve

sözlü kaynaklar üzerinden tespit edilmektedir.      
Atualizando, juntando e esticando a universidade: considerações sobre a possibilidade de uma pluriversidade
Authors: Pimentel da Silva Maria do Socorro , Herbetta Alexandre
Published: November 2018

O presente texto apresenta considerações iniciais acerca da consolidação de uma nova base epistêmica, acessada para se pensar a educação escolar indígena e a universidade. Tal situação tem relação com a emergência de um novo repertório conceitual, constituído na dinâmica de um diálogo intercultural crítico. A situação é apresentada no contexto do Núcleo Takinahaky de Formação Superior Indígena da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Um dentre vários cursos de licenciatura intercultural criados para a formação de professores indígenas. Isto no âmbito do movimento indígena organizado especialmente na década de 1980, de legislação elaborada posteriormente e da efetivação de políticas públicas sobre o tema, especialmente na década de 2000. Neste sentido, a experiência em tela, específica a este espaço, busca apontar reflexões mais gerais e interessantes acerca de modelos de educação escolar, trazendo reflexões sobre a interculturalidade, assim como propõe uma reflexão sobre estratégias políticas decoloniais por meio da educação escolar e da universidade.
Prática de pesquisa e ensino de relações internacionais: relatos sobre experiência de pesquisa em comércio internacional
Authors: Nasser de Carvalho Patrícia , Cristina Nanci Izidro Gonçalves Fernanda , Pinheiro de Araujo Rafael
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo retrata a experiência da Unidade de Inteligência Comercial do curso de Relações Internacionais do Unilasalle-RJ entre 2014 e 2017. O objetivo é apresentar como a prática de pesquisa pode auxiliar a preparação dos discentes a partir de sua participação em atividades vinculadas à área de inteligência comercial. Dessa forma, apresenta-se a experiência discente e do grupo de pesquisa na elaboração de estudos para apoiar a formulação de políticas públicas para a área de comércio internacional, materializando a cooperação entre o Unilasalle-RJ e a Subsecretaria de Relações Internacionais do Governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.