bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-operative Monitoring for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction in the Era of Resident Duty Hour Restrictions: A Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing 2 Monitoring Protocols
Authors: Anagnos Vincent J. , Brody Robert M. , Carey Ryan M. , De Ravin Emma , Tasche Kendall K. , Newman Jason G. , Shanti Rabie M. , Chalian Ara A. , Rassekh Christopher H. , Weinstein Gregory S. , O’Malley Bert W. , Cannady, MD Steven B.
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

To determine whether 2 different methods of post-operative head and neck free flap monitoring affect flap failure and complication rates.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of 803 free flaps performed for head and neck reconstruction by the same microvascular surgeon between July 2013 and July 2020 at 2 separate hospitals within the same healthcare system. Four-hundred ten free flaps (51%) were performed at Hospital A, a medical center where flap checks were performed at frequent, scheduled intervals by in-house resident physicians and nurses; 393 free flaps (49%) were performed at Hospital B, a medical center where flap checks were performed regularly by nursing staff with resident physician evaluation as needed. Total free flap failure, partial free flap failure, and complications (consisting of wound infection, fistula, and reoperation within 1 month) were assessed.

Results:

There were no significant differences between Hospitals A and B when comparing rates of total free flap failure, partial free flap failure, complication, or re-operation ( P = .27, P = .66, P = .65, P = .29, respectively). There were no significant differences in urgent re-operation rates for flap compromise secondary to thrombosis and hematoma ( P = .54).

Conclusions:

In our series, free flap outcomes did not vary based on the degree of flap monitoring by resident physicians. This data supports the ability of a high-volume, well-trained, nursing-led flap monitoring program to detect flap compromise in an efficient fashion while limiting resident physician obligations in the age of resident duty hour restrictions.
Industrial Relations, Social Dialogue and Pacification of Public Sector Unions in Zambia: Rethinking Trade Union Strategies
Authors: Madimutsa Clever
Published: April 2022

This article analyses the incorporation of social dialogue in industrial relations and its role in pacifying public sector unions in Zambia. A sample of 19 managers of public institutions and union leaders in Lusaka participated in the research. The research reveals that social dialogue is used to pacify trade unions as governments implement structural adjustment policies, which bring about poor employment conditions. Although the unions have responded to pacification by diversifying and servicing their membership, they are still weak. This finding is significant because it helps us to understand why unions in Southern Africa are weak in the post-independence era.
Violence, Victimhood and Retaliation: The 2008 Elections and the Cyclic Nature of Political Violence in Norton, Zimbabwe
Authors: Chitofiri Kudakwashe , Nkomo Lotti
Published: April 2022

This article is an empirical examination of ‘victimhood’ in the context of the widespread, deadly and destructive electoral violence that affected Zimbabwe in 2008. It contends that an examination of the behaviour of victims of state-sponsored political violence enhances our comprehension of ‘victimhood’ as a factor in the perpetuation of political violence. The victims were largely ignored by the justice system, the political leadership and the community, all of whom were under the coercive spell of the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU PF). The trivialisation of their situation, and the absence of legitimate avenues for redress, forced many victims to seek direct revenge. The article traces how this fomented and reproduced the already violent political atmosphere in Norton town during the 2008 election period. It relies on interviews with opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) victims of violence in Norton to consider how they attempted to make sense of their pain by claiming victimhood and exacting physical revenge against their tormentors.
A simple preparation of low water-soluble crosslinking starch-based foam containing palm oil: Thermo-physicochemical properties
Authors: Wongpreedee Thapanee , Panrot Thidatip , Rojruthai Porntip , Prapruddivongs Chana
Published: April 2022

A simple preparation method was established for a low water-soluble citric acid crosslinking starch-based foam containing palm oil. The method was performed by pouring the boiling citric acid solution into the starch compound unlike the citric acid starch crosslinking by conventional solution casting. Thermo-physicochemical properties of the starch-based foams were examined. The I3300/I1149 intensity ratio of non-citric acid-containing foam was higher, suggesting greater amounts of the available -OH groups. The addition of citric acid into the starch matrix exhibited weaker thermal stability that was attributed to the lower thermal stability of the substituted ester bonds. The increment of citric acid concentration increased thermoplastic starch foams densities as well as their cell wall thickness. No differences in moisture absorption behavior were observed after soaking in water, the non-citric acid-filled foam exhibited dissolution and changed from its original shape upon drying. Experimental results showed a promising alternative methodology to prepare low water-soluble citric acid crosslinked starch-based foam to replace conventional solution casting.
Effects of Baby Swimming on Motor and Cognitive Development: A Pilot Trial
Authors: Borioni Federica , Biino Valentina , Tinagli Valeria , Pesce Caterina
Published: April 2022

Contact with water, even from birth, may be an important experience for child development. In this work, we aimed to investigate if baby swimming might influence infant development in motor and cognitive domains. We assigned infants to either a 10-week baby swimming intervention ( n = 12; M age = 13 months ( SD) = 7) or a control group ( n = 15; M age = 22 months ( SD) = 6). We assessed motor development with the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (2nd edition, PDMS-2) and cognitive development with core tests of executive functions: delayed response for working memory, object retrieval for inhibition, and A-not-B for response shifting. Non-parametric analyses revealed that infants in the baby-swimming group improved in gross, fine, and total motor skills, and showed marginally better inhibition speed and shifting accuracy, with associated gains of shifting accuracy and fine and total motor skills. Even with in this small-sized convenience sample, this pilot study revealed promising benefits from baby swimming on motor development that warrant further study. This preliminary work paves the way for replication and illustrates what effect sizes may be expected in sufficiently powered well-designed follow-up research targeted to aid the joint development of motor and cognitive skills as early as infancy.
An Empirical Test of the Factor Structure of the Violence Risk Scale and Its Measurement Invariance Across Time and Cultural Groups
Authors: Woldgabreal Yilma , Day Andrew , Daffern Michael , Lloyd Caleb , Graffam Joe
Published: April 2022

Violence risk assessment instruments are used to inform key decisions about treatment planning and delivery, release on parole, and intensity of supervision in the community. Yet, limited published information is available about psychometric properties other than predictive validity. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure and measurement invariance across pretreatment to posttreatment and cultural groups of one of the most widely used violence risk assessment instruments, the Violence Risk Scale (VRS). Data from 366 completed assessments at preintervention and postintervention phases for adults serving custodial sentences for violent offenses in an Australian jurisdiction were subject to confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicated four intercorrelated but conceptually independent dimensions. Furthermore, measurement invariance was established across pretreatement and posttreatment occasions and different cultural groups. However, latent means comparison revealed significant difference across cultural groups, raising questions about sensitivity and generalizability of the VRS when used with diverse cultural groups.
Routines and Meaning in Life: Does Activity Content or Context Matter?
Authors: Mohideen Fahima , Heintzelman Samantha J.
Published: April 2022

People feel that their lives are more meaningful while engaging in behaviors more closely aligned with their routines. Does the behavioral content of these routines and the contextual factors surrounding their enactment matter for this relationship? In two experience sampling studies ( N = 93, 1,512 episodes; N = 97, 1,629 episodes), we test whether the relationship between routines and meaning in life (MIL) depends on the content of the activities. We found that the degree to which one’s current activity is a routine positively related to momentary MIL beyond other meaningful features (e.g., relationships, goals, prosociality) of that activity. We conducted Study 2 in the context of mass routine disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found even stronger relationships between routine enactment and concurrent MIL in this context which held controlling for factors, including perceived chaos, mood, and anxiety. These findings suggest that routines uniquely relate to MIL, beyond the meaningfulness of their content and across contexts.
In Honor of John Dewey
Authors: Butts R. Freeman
Published: April 2022

The papers read at the celebration of John Dewey's ninetieth birthday, held in Horace Mann Auditorium, Teachers College, on Thursday, October 20, are presented in full in the pages which follow.
“Mend this fractured family”: sin, redemption, and familial citizenship on NBC’s “The Biggest Loser”
Authors: Ingraham Natalie
Published: April 2022

Reality television has featured over 15 years of weight loss competitions reflecting American obsession with obesity and weight loss. Qualitative content analysis was performed on 16 premiere and finale episode pairs for six seasons of NBC’s The Biggest Loser (TBL) using a Foucauldian confessional framework. Analysis shows how TBL presents contestants as sinful, fat bodies in need of redemption with the show and the viewing audience as the confessional stage. Contestants frame their motivations for weight loss in gendered ways related to family responsibility. Women felt like role model failures, while men worried about early death and family abandonment. Season finales were the settings of redemption through extreme weight loss where women were now able to be the thin parent role models, shepherding their whole family into weight loss and men were reborn, on a path toward living forever for their families.
Conflating relevance with practical significance and other issues: Commentary on Sen, Smith, and Van Note’s “statistical significance versus practical importance in information systems research”
Authors: Mohajeri Kaveh , Mesgari Mostafa , Lee Allen S
Published: April 2022

Expanding on the current debate on the issues of statistical and practical significance in information systems research, where the article by Sen, Smith, and Van Note is a recent contribution, this commentary cautions against conflating relevance with practical significance. We emphasize that relevance is 1) about the real-world usefulness of research findings rather than their impressiveness for the researcher audience, 2) an essential quality of research spanning beyond its findings and not merely limited to statistical studies, and 3) determined by nonacademics rather than academics. We also comment on other aspects of the article by Sen et al., such as the term “practical importance,” the treatment of effect size measures, and the presentation of “marginal effects.”
Everyone is victimized or only the naïve? The conflicting discourses surrounding identity theft victimization
Authors: Reynolds Dylan
Published: April 2022

Identity theft impacts millions of North Americans annually and has increased over the last decade. Victims of identity theft can face various consequences, including losses of time and money, as well as emotional, physical, and relational effects. Scholars have found that institutional messaging surrounding identity theft places responsibility on individuals for their own protection, which can mask institutions’ roles in identity theft’s prevalence. This paper presents findings from interviews with Canadian victims of identity theft and argues that conflicting discourses surround this crime. While identity theft victimizations are viewed as inevitable in the digital age, victims are often simultaneously stereotyped as old, naïve, or non-technologically savvy. Within this context, this research also finds that victims can express varying degrees of self-blame for having provided perpetrators with information or for having not better protected themselves. Finally, this paper argues that victims’ embarrassment and self-blame may impede help-seeking and reporting.
Acute treatment with 5-hydroxytryptophan increases social approach behaviour but does not activate serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus in juvenile male BALB/c mice: A model of human disorders with deficits of sociability
Authors: Russo Adrian M , Payet Jennyfer M , Kent Stephen , Lesku John A , Lowry Christopher A , Hale Matthew W
Published: April 2022

Background:

The BALB/c mouse has been proposed as a model of human psychiatric disorders characterised by elevated anxiety and altered sociability. Juvenile BALB/c mice show decreased social exploratory behaviour, increased anxiety, and reduced brain serotonin synthesis compared to other strains including C57BL/6J mice.

Aim:

To determine whether supplementation of brain serotonin synthesis alters social behaviour and activation of serotonergic neurons across subregions of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) in BALB/c mice.

Methods:

Juvenile male BALB/c mice were assigned to one of four treatment conditions: vehicle/vehicle, carbidopa (25 mg/kg)/vehicle, vehicle/5-HTP (10 mg/kg), carbidopa (25 mg/kg)/5-HTP (10 mg/kg). Social behaviour was measured using the three-chamber social approach test, followed by immunohistochemical staining for TPH2 and c-Fos to measure activation of serotonergic neurons across subregions of the DR.

Results:

Mice treated with carbidopa/5-HTP spent more time in the social cage zone and covered more distance in the social approach test compared to other treatment groups. There was no difference between treatment groups in the activation of serotonergic neurons across subregions of the DR. However, the DRD was associated with increased social approach behaviour in carbidopa/5-HTP treated animals.

Conclusions:

Supplementation of serotonin synthesis can increase social approach behaviour in juvenile BALB/c mice. An increase in locomotor behaviour was also observed suggesting that increasing central serotonin synthesis may have led to a reduction in state anxiety, manifesting in increased exploratory behaviour. As no effect on serotonergic activation within the DR was found, alternative mechanisms are likely important for the effects of 5-HTP on social behaviour.
Narrativity and Literariness Affect the Aesthetic Attitude in Text Reading
Authors: Wimmer Lena , El-Salahi Layla , Lee Hon W. J. , Ferguson Heather J.
Published: April 2022

We report two pre-registered experiments investigating some of the conditions under which readers focus on aesthetically relevant object properties in text processing. Experiment 1 ( N = 159) tested the role of narrativity, psychological information about textual characters, and readers’ identification with them. Participants’ focus on aesthetically relevant object properties was stronger after reading a narrative than an expository text. This relationship between participants’ focus and narrativity was not affected by information about textual characters, or readers’ identification with them. Experiment 2 ( N = 159) tested the role of narrativity, literariness, and readers’ perception of literary features. Again, reading a narrative led to a stronger focus on aesthetically relevant object properties than reading an expository text. The effect of literary narratives was meditated by readers’ perception of literary features. In sum, narrativity and literariness, but not information about characters or identification with them affect the degree to which readers focus on aesthetically relevant object properties.
“Don’t forget Shakespeare”: A qualitative pilot study into the performance evaluations of orchestra audition panelists
Authors: Kegelaers Jolan , Bakker Frank , Kouwenhoven Jan , Oudejans Raôul
Published: April 2022

Auditions form the gold standard for hiring practices in symphonic orchestras around the world. Nevertheless, research examining how auditions are evaluated by panel members remains sparse. The purpose of this brief research note is to present findings from a pilot project examining the feedback content of audition panelists during a realistic mock audition. Feedback received by 16 academy members of an internationally renowned orchestra was analyzed using inductive content analysis. A key finding of this study was that panelists tended to provide much more feedback related to improving expressivity (61.8%), compared with feedback on technique (24.5%) or other factors (e.g., tuning; 13.7%). As advancing our understanding of how orchestra auditions are evaluated may have considerable practical implications for how music educators can aid students in preparing for a successful transition to the professional circuit, we hope our pilot project might spur on future work investigating this important topic.
Public Support for “Get Smart” Criminal Justice Reform Post-2020: Virginia as a Case Study
Authors: Mancini Christina
Published: April 2022

Over the last decade, some states have considered reforms to address the consequences of “get tough” justice. The passage of recreational marijuana laws—albeit incorporated across a minority of jurisdictions—is just one popular example. While recent scholarship indicates support for such measures among the public, there is a need for exploration of public views in light of the social unrest of 2020. Additionally, there is a need to understand public views across jurisdictions that are diverse. Accordingly, Virginia stands out as an ideal case study as it is the first state in the South to incorporate or consider a variety of progressive justice reforms. Drawing on a statewide poll conducted in 2021 ( N = 1,017), this study explores the extent to which Virginians support recreational marijuana legislation, the repeal of mandatory minimums, and a moratorium on the death penalty. Findings indicate that approval varies by measure and that there are divides in public views, specifically, across socio-demographic dimensions (e.g., political ideology), and also across views about the state of society and willingness to fund the justice system. Implications are discussed.
Syngas production from fast pyrolysis and steam gasification of mixed food waste
Authors: Singh Dharminder , Raizada Aayush , Yadav Sanjeev
Published: April 2022

Food waste generation is a worldwide phenomenon and disposing off it in an environmentally benign way has been a challenge. Thermochemical processes have the potential for not only processing mixed food waste effectively from an environmental point of view but also producing bioenergy in all three forms: solid (biochar), liquid (bio-oil) and gas (syngas). In this study, two thermochemical processes – fast pyrolysis and steam gasification – aimed for producing syngas as main product were carried out at three different temperatures: 600°C, 700°C and 800°C, and resulting syngas was characterised and compared for syngas yield, syngas composition, hydrogen yield and high heating value (HHV). The steam flow rate (SFR) was maintained at 0.625 mL min−1 for all gasification experiments. The syngas yield obtained from steam gasification was higher (1.2 m3 kg−1) than the syngas yield from fast pyrolysis (0.81 m3 kg−1). In addition, the hydrogen fraction was much higher in syngas from steam gasification (63.58%) than that from fast pyrolysis (45.03%). Furthermore, carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) and apparent thermal efficiency (ATE) were determined to compare the performance of these two processes. CCE was higher (63.6%) for steam gasification than that for pyrolysis (52.3%) which suggested that steam gasification was much more effective than fast pyrolysis to produce syngas of higher quality.
Lessons learned from conducting a study of emotions and positive personality change in Syrian origin young adults who have recently resettled in the Netherlands
Authors: Chung Joanne M. , Meijer Laurien , Zonneveld Renée , Al Sawaf Zeina , Alajak Kinan , Moopen Neha , Rahim Haza , Çiftçi Leyla , Alisic Eva , Stellar Jennifer E. , Mooren Trudy , Sleijpen Marieke , Tešanovic Tara , Al Baker Huda , Dali Rima , Papadantonaki Marilena , Papakosta Natalia , Antink Michelle , Charisopoulou Sofia , Frens Mariëlle , O’Connor Sarah , Taşfiliz Duygu , Laceulle Odilia M.
Published: April 2022

Post-traumatic growth is a compelling idea, yet extant research has often employed retrospective reports of change, rather than examining change over time. Research on samples of people that are traditionally seen as hard-to-reach are rare within personality psychology. In Karakter, we assessed a sample of Syrian origin young adults who recently resettled in the Netherlands (initial  N = 168) four times over a 13-month period to examine experiences of adversity, emotions, and positive personality change. Here, we provide a detailed narrative of the research process, beginning with a description of how we incorporated open science practices in Karakter. We then turn to a discussion of the changes, challenges, and opportunities we encountered in the research. In doing so, we discuss conceptual and methodological considerations when examining personality change. We close with suggestions for researchers who are interested in conducting similar studies with populations that are underrecruited in the future.
Experimental investigation on material removal rate, kerf width, surface roughness and the dimensional accuracy the accuracy of hole in Inconel 718 using wire electric discharge
Authors: Nair Harsh , Pramanik A , Basak AK , Prakash C , Debnath S , Shankar S , Dixit Amit Rai
Published: April 2022

The main objective of research work to investigates the effects of various process parameters on the material removal rate, kerf width, surface roughness and the dimensional accuracy of Inconel 718 workpiece subjected to wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). The input parameters of this study were wire speed, wire tension and flushing rate. The individual as well as interacting effect of process parameters on surface roughness, kerf width and dimensional accuracy. It was found that, in order to minimize the diameter error for circular cuts, the flushing rate, wire speed and wire tension should all be held at maximum values. The wire tension and wire speed both exhibited an insignificant effect on the surface roughness. The dimensional accuracy of the machined holes decreased with increasing wire tension and in order to achieve maximum material removal rate, wire tension and wire speed must be around 1400–1600 gf and at 8 m/min respectively. The flushing rates over 5 L/min had a negligible effect on the material removal rate. The highest kerf width and material removal rate were obtained at medium values of wire tension (1400–1600 gf) and wire speed (8 m/min). The lowest diameter error is achieved in a combination of maximum flushing rate, wire speed and wire tension. Factors such as circularity, cylindricity and hole diameter were closely examined in order to gain a deeper understanding of their influence on dimensional accuracy.
A study on passivation improvement in n-passivated emitter rear totally diffused solar cell using rapid thermal annealing
Authors: Sharma Virender , Dhasmana Hrishikesh , Verma Abhishek , Kumar Avshish , Kannan C.V. , Pal Yash , Jha Shivangi , Jain V.K.
Published: April 2022

An investigation on enhanced surface passivation in the existing industrial process line of large area n-type silicon (Si) Passivated Emitter Rear Totally diffused ( n- PERT) solar cell has been performed. The Rapid Thermal Process (RTP) optimization for 20 min is conducted in the temperature range of 500–900°C and device evaluation is carried out with respect to regularly processed n-PERT solar cell. The impact of pre-metallization annealing is studied with the support of cell parameters like shunt resistance, reverse saturation current density determined from current-voltage measurements. The enhanced surface passivation via hydrogenation from silicon nitride (SiNx) layer during annealing is established with the help of external quantum efficiency, spectral response measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The addition of optimized annealing resulted in improvement by 550% (from 38 to 247 µs), 7.73% (from 630.7 to 678.8 mV) and 84.77% (from 223.3 to 34 cm/s) in effective minority carrier lifetime, implied open circuit voltage and surface recombination velocity respectively. Finally, RTP technique for optimized process line has been successfully incorporated in industrial high-volume batch of 140898 CZ n-type Si wafers, which predicts conceptual validation of the study in mass scale production line with an increment in average efficiency of the device by 0.35%.
The Occupation of Last Resort? Determinants of Farming Choices of Small Farmers in Nigeria
Authors: Begho Toritseju , Begho Mary Omokhose
Published: April 2022

In Nigeria, there is a stigma associated with small farming. There is also the assumption that farming is the occupation of last resort. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence to support or dispute these assertions. We examine data from 2,446 small farmers intending to find the answer to some lingering questions. Are farmers in the occupation out of choice or a lack of options? Are farmers generally satisfied with their jobs? Do most farmers have the intention to quit? Contrary to postulations that farming in Nigeria is the occupation of last resort, we find that Nigerian farmers choose to farm and take pride in their job. Notably, 67% have been farming for over 10 years, and 89% intend to continue. The logit regression suggests that job satisfaction, age, education and livestock ownership influence farmers’ intent to quit. We conclude that the government needs to make agriculture more attractive for younger and more educated farmers. This may be achieved through policies and interventions that prioritise improving rural infrastructure, address volatility, limit market fluctuations, remove barriers to markets for local farmers and facilitate the agricultural value chain so that agriculture can thrive as a business.
The internal market for supplementary pensions: A long and winding road
Authors: Gruyters Joris
Published: April 2022

Since the beginning of the 1990s, EU initiatives have sought to gradually harmonize the activities of institutions for retirement provisions (‘IORPs’). However, thirty years later, multiple barriers to entry remain. This article will identify the current state of play, by adopting a twofold approach towards supplementary pensions in a context of EU internal market law. First, we will assess the process of negative integration of several pension policy tools in light of the free movement case law (in particular, the free provision of services). During this study, the focus will be on mechanisms of compulsory membership and collective bargaining in the field of occupational pensions. Second, we will analyse the most important legislative constraints of supplementary pension services at EU level, with an emphasis on secondary internal market law. We argue that, despite the effort of respecting national autonomy in social policy, positive integration has led to several spillovers. Finally, the article will highlight the most significant obstacles, and conclude by discussing the general attitude of EU internal market law towards supplementary pensions and social policy in general.
Development and Evaluation of a Blended Learning Mindfulness Program for High School Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kang Mi-Jung , Kim Hyunsook
Published: April 2022

Many adolescents worldwide suffer from stress or unhealthy emotional states such as depression. There is a trend toward limited physical contact via social distancing practices that developed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. An experimental study aimed at investigating the effects of a mindfulness program on stress, concentration, self-esteem, and self-control in high school students. A 10-week mindfulness intervention was provided to the experimental group (n = 89) from September-November 2020, while the control group (n = 89) received general health education. Four weeks after the program, the experimental group showed reduced stress and improved concentration, self-esteem, and self-control compared to baseline.

The blended learning mindfulness program is effective improving concentration and should be incorporated into the formal high school curriculum.
Addressing Gender-Based Violence Using Evidence-Based Practices During COVID-19: The Case of Puerto Rico
Authors: Gaba Ayorkor , Flores Roseanne , Rebecca Ward María , Pridgen Bailey
Published: April 2022

As gender-based violence (GBV) surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, the 65th session of the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW65) called for member states, civil, and other stakeholders to consider the specific needs of women and girls in COVID-19 response and recovery efforts. Psychology provides scientific knowledge to help answer this call. Despite existing global guidance and psychological research to mitigate GBV, COVID-19 presents new challenges for consideration. This article summarizes existing GBV guidance/research and COVID-19 considerations, uses an illustrative case study to describe Puerto Rico's application of GBV guidance/research during COVID-19, and provides preliminary policy and practice recommendations.
Proposing a Unified Framework for Coordinated Community Response
Authors: Ranjan Sheetal , Dmello Jared R.
Published: April 2022

The CSW65 agreed conclusions call for a multisectoral coordinated response to all forms of violence against women. The term coordinated community response (CCR) is commonly used in various models of such a response. However, the term itself has different meanings to various actors in the sector, and therefore it is difficult to evaluate its success with any degree of certainty. This article seeks to (i) propose a broader unified framework for thinking about the term; (ii) remove any underlying assumptions of its positive or negative connotations; and (iii) revisit the term from a theoretical standpoint. The goal of this effort is to (a) guide policy, programming, and advocacy efforts across different sectors that respond to VAW; (b) provide clarity to practitioners in the implementation of a CCR; and (c) make its effectiveness measurable in different contexts.
A Measure of Justice: Alternatives to Pursuing Criminal Accountability for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gomez Shyamala Y.M.
Published: April 2022

Recent research conducted in Sri Lanka has revealed that victim survivors of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) and their notions of justice and accountability are influenced by their lack of trust in an ineffective criminal justice process. Moreover, the fear of reprisal by State allied perpetrators deters them from accessing formal justice. The failure of a criminal justice system steeped in patriarchal, discriminatory gender insensitive procedures in which CRSV victim survivors search for justice is analyzed through a recent judgment. The case highlights that searching for accountability in the current political context is not feasible and that CRSV victim survivors must be provided with support systems and forms of relief to move on with their lives until justice and accountability can be achieved. The article argues that although criminal accountability is the ideal, alternative possibilities for justice for CRSV victim survivors in Sri Lanka need to be explored, given the Sri Lankan political context and a criminal justice process fraught with many challenges. The role of the Office for Reparations in providing reparations to CRSV victim survivors and the options of a “partial” justice are discussed.
The tic in TikTok and (where) all systems go: Mass social media induced illness and Munchausen’s by internet as explanatory models for social media associated abnormal illness behavior
Authors: Giedinghagen Andrea
Published: April 2022

This paper explores the recent phenomenon of adolescents presenting en masse (both online and in clinical settings) with symptoms seemingly acquired from viewing illness-related content posted by social media influencers. The most frequently reproduced illnesses have included Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) and Tourette Syndrome. It discusses evidence that the recent spate of new-onset, severe tics are a form of Mass Psychogenic Illness facilitated by social media networks (a phenomenon labeled Mass Social Media Induced Illness). It then suggests that many of those self-diagnosed with DID may be manifesting a similar, technologically-facilitated conversion phenomenon. It then explores another explanatory model: that these simulacra of DID and Tourette Syndrome may also arise via a mechanism more closely resembling social media facilitated Factitious Disorder. Similar presentations, of individuals falsifying cancer, have previously been labeled Munchausen’s by Internet. It then proposes an overarching construct, Social Media Associated Abnormal Illness Behavior (SMAAIB), that is agnostic regarding phenomenology. Within this framework, it explores the ways in which de-commodifying attention, connection and care (measured once in appointments and admissions, now in ‘likes’ and ‘shares’) and obtaining a full picture of the patient’s psychological, sociological and cultural grounding can offer deeper understanding and ultimately a path to wellness.
The effect of extraction of the lower first permanent molar on the developing third molar in children
Authors: Murphy Ian , Noar Joseph , Parekh Susan , Ashley Paul
Published: April 2022

Objective:

To find the effect of extraction of the lower first permanent molar in children (aged 8–11 years) on the position and angle of the developing third molar.

Design:

Retrospective radiographic analysis.

Participants:

Two cohorts of participants were identified: an extraction group, who had extraction of one or more first permanent molars aged 8–11 years; and a non-extraction group, who retained all mandibular teeth. Both cohorts previously had panoramic radiographs taken at mean ages of 9.7 years (T1), before extraction, and 12.12 years (T2). In total, there were 61 third molars with an associated extracted first permanent molar and 60 third molars with an associated retained first permanent molar.

Methods:

A digital radiographic analysis was carried out on the panoramic radiographs to measure the movement of the third molar, vertically and horizontally, and its angle. The magnification of the T1 and T2 radiographs was calibrated. Reliability of the radiographic analysis was confirmed via intra- and inter-rater reliability tests. The extraction and non-extraction groups were compared via independent sample tests

Results:

The third molar moved significantly more mesial in the extraction group ( P < 0.001) and the angle uprighted significantly more than the non-extraction group ( P < 0.001). Vertically, the third molar moved inferiorly in both cohorts with no significant difference.

Conclusion:

In the developing dentition, extraction of the lower first permanent molar encouraged mesial movement and uprighting of the developing third molar. This may improve the likelihood of future eruption of the third molar.
Professional reflexivity in customer involvement: Tensions and ambiguities in between identities
Authors: Echeverri Per
Published: April 2022

This article conceptualises how professionals, working according to customer involvement rationales in marketing contexts, experience and deal with the tension between their own identity, as regards having knowledge expertise, and the knowledge expertise they attribute to their customers. By relating the literature on professional identity to customer involvement in marketing, and by investigating this relationship in an empirical study of healthcare professionals influenced by customer involvement discourses, the article identifies the key underlying theoretical properties and mechanisms of professional reflexivity. A conceptual framework is outlined, displaying the key role of situated reflexivity by which means professionals enact ways of involving their customers, amidst a two-dimensional space defined by perceived professional and customer identities. It is argued that this conceptual framework details a social tension, between professionals and customers, that is highly visible in many service and marketing interactions and overlooked in marketing theory. It is argued that uncovering this tension adds to our understanding of why value is not always co-created in line with customer involvement rationales.
Endovascular Treatment of the Ruptured Pseudoaneurysm of Common Femoral Artery in Behcet’s Disease: Report of a Case with Four Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Jalili Javad , Ebrahiminik Hojat , Zafarani Fatemeh , Akhavi Milani Ali
Published: April 2022

Behcet’s disease (BD) is a vasculitic condition that affects arteries and veins of all sizes. Arterial pseudoaneurysm is a rare but life-threatening complication of BD. We reported a 41-year-old man with 20 years history of BD and 5 years history of bilateral blindness. The patient presented with sudden onset of pain and swelling in his left groin and was diagnosed with the ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the left common femoral artery (CFA), which extended into the origins of superficial and deep femoral arteries. The patient was in the active phase of BD; therefore, he was initially treated with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide pulse therapies and subsequently underwent stent graft placement. Post stenting angiography and postprocedural ultrasonography confirmed the successful exclusion of pseudoaneurysm without any evident complication. Four years of follow-up was uneventful.
Impact of shear-coaxial injector hydrodynamics on high-frequency combustion instabilities in a representative cryogenic rocket engine
Authors: Armbruster Wolfgang , Hardi Justin , Oschwald Michael
Published: April 2022

The excitation mechanism of a thermoacoustic instability in a 42-element research rocket thrust chamber with representative operating conditions with respect to European cryogenic rocket engines is investigated in detail. From previous research it was known that the chamber 1T mode can be excited by persistent heat release rate oscillations which are modulated by the resonant modes of the liquid oxygen injectors. The excitation source of the longitudinal injector eigenmodes is investigated in this study. Fibre-optical probes measuring the OH* dynamics from the recess volume of two injectors showed additional frequency content which could neither be explained by the chamber acoustics, nor the acoustics of the injection system. Instead, the temporal evolution of these frequencies correlate with the oxidizer flow velocity. In this work we show that the additional flame modulation originates from a hydrodynamic effect in the injection system. Even though the exact process cannot be precisely identified, an effect designated orifice whistling at the injector inlet orifice seems to be a likely candidate. Combining the new results with previous publications about this combustor, it is now possible to explain past and present observations in terms of the hydrodynamic and thermoacoustic conditions which are necessary for the combustion instability to appear. The conditions, which lead to an injection-driven excitation of the 1T mode are matching frequencies of the 2L mode of the injectors and the chamber 1T mode as well as a Strouhal number between 0.2 and 0.4 based on the length and flow velocity of the injector inlet orifice.
Interpretive frameworks for narrative inquiry studies of English language teaching in Asia: Displacing the research context?
Authors: Loo Daron B , Sairattanain Jariya
Published: April 2022

Interpretive frameworks may be helpful to understand narratives, yet they also risk displacing unique information of the research context. In this paper, we argue that such is the case in narrative inquiry studies of English language teaching set in the Asian context, perhaps due to the pressure to use familiar interpretive frameworks that are sanctioned by scholars. Through meta-ethnography, we examined recent narrative inquiry studies set in Asia. It was observed that the research findings do not offer any critical insights about the context of the study; instead, they add to the prevalence of broad constructs of English language education, such as the components of identity. For future narrative inquiry research, we recommend researchers to consider utilizing local meanings pertinent to the study context as an analytical lens, as a means to Asianize the field.
Trends in inequality in the coverage of vitamin A supplementation among children 6–59 months of age over two decades in Ethiopia: Evidence from demographic and health surveys
Authors: Zegeye Betregiorgis , Olorunsaiye Comfort Z , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Budu Eugene , Yaya Sanni
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

There is a dearth of evidence on inequalities in vitamin A supplementation in Ethiopia. The goal of this study was to assess the magnitude and overtime changes of inequalities in vitamin A supplementation among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia.

Methods:

We extracted data from four waves of the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys (2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016). The analysis was carried out using the 2019 updated World Health Organization’s Health Equity Assessment Toolkit software that facilitates the use of stored data from World Health Organization’s Health Equity Monitor Database. We conducted analysis of inequality in vitamin A supplementation by five equity stratifiers: household economic status, educational status, place of residence, child’s sex, and subnational region. Four summary measures—population attributable fraction, ratio, difference, and population attributable risk—were assessed. We computed 95% uncertainty intervals for each point estimate to ascertain statistical significance of the observed vitamin A supplementation inequalities and overtime disparities.

Results:

The findings suggest marked absolute and relative pro-rich (population attributable fraction = 29.51, 95% uncertainty interval; 25.49–33.53, population attributable risk = 13.18, 95% uncertainty intervals; 11.38–14.98) and pro-urban (difference = 16.55, 95% uncertainty intervals; 11.23–21.87, population attributable fraction = 32.95, 95% uncertainty intervals; 32.12–33.78) inequalities. In addition, we found education-related (population attributable risk = 18.95, 95% uncertainty intervals; 18.22–19.67, ratio = 1.54, 95% uncertainty intervals; 1.37–1.71), and subnational regional (difference = 38.56, 95% uncertainty intervals; 29.57–47.54, ratio = 2.10, 95% uncertainty intervals; 1.66–2.54) inequalities that favored children from educated subgroups and those living in some regions such as Tigray. However, no sex-based inequalities were observed. While constant pattern was observed in subnational regional disparities, mixed but increasing patterns of socioeconomic and urban–rural inequalities were observed in the most recent surveys (2011–2016).

Conclusion:

In this study, we found extensive socioeconomic and geographic-based disparities that favored children from advantaged subgroups such as those whose mothers were educated, lived in the richest/richer households, resided in urban areas, and from regions like Tigray. Government policies and programs should prioritize underprivileged subpopulations and empower women as a means to increase national coverage and achieve universal accessibility of vitamin A supplementation.
Diagnostic value of the abnormal digital rectal examination in the modern MRI-based prostate cancer diagnostic pathway
Authors: Sajjad Wasiq , Thankappannair Vineetha , Shah Syed , Ahmed Adham , Saeb-Parsy Kasra , Kastner Christof , Lamb Benjamin , Gnanapragasam Vincent J
Published: April 2022

Objective:

Currently the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends an abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) as a standalone referral criterion for suspected prostate cancer. Unlike referrals for a raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA) which are triaged directly to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an abnormal DRE requires re-examination in a secondary clinic first. Here, we investigated the ongoing value of the abnormal DRE as a referral criterion.

Methods:

This study is a retrospective review of patients referred to secondary care for suspected prostate cancer based on an abnormal DRE over a 15-month period at a single UK hospital ( n = 158). Age, PSA, primary and repeat DRE findings and eventual diagnosis were collated.

Results:

A concurrent raised PSA was present in 65/158 (41%). Concordance between primary and secondary care DRE was only 72/158 (46%). The overall and significant cancer detection rate was 26/158 (16%) and 22/158 (14%), respectively. Among men with a concurrent raised PSA, 19/65 (29%) had significant cancer found, whereas with an abnormal primary care DRE and normal PSA ( n = 93), only 3/93 (3%) had a significant cancer. Mandating a PSA before referral for an abnormal DRE would have redirected 65/158 (41%) of men to MRI first, negating the need for a repeat DRE ( p < 0.0001). This finding was recapitulated in a second prospective validation cohort ( n = 30) with 9/30 (30%) redirected to MRI first.

Conclusions:

This is one of the first studies to investigate the value of the DRE in contemporary practice. We propose that PSA is used to triage men with an abnormal DRE to MRI without needing a repeat DRE. If the PSA is normal, the diagnostic yield is low but may still warrant a repeat DRE to assess the need for further investigations. Additional multi-centre studies are required to further validate our findings.

Level of evidence:

4
Prospective technology assessment in the Anthropocene: A transition toward a culture of sustainability
Authors: Möller Martin , Grießhammer Rainer
Published: April 2022

In the Anthropocene, humankind has become a quasi-geological force. Both the rapid development as well as the depth of intervention of new technologies result in far-reaching and irreversible anthropogenic changes in the Earth’s natural system. However, early and development-accompanying evaluation of technologies are not yet common sense. Against this background, this review article aims to compile the current state of knowledge with regard to the early sustainability assessment of technologies and to classify this status quo with respect to the key challenges of the Anthropocene. To that end, the paper initially outlines major existing definitions and framings of the term of sustainability. Key milestones, concepts and instruments with regard to the development of sustainability assessment and technology assessment (TA) methodologies are also presented. Based on this overview, the energy sector is used as an example to discuss how mirroring ongoing transformation processes can contribute to the further development of the TA framework in order to ensure an agile, goal-oriented, and future-proof assessment system.