bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A fluorobenzene-bound dysprosium half-sandwich dication single-molecule magnet
Authors: Corner Sophie C. , Blackmore William J. A. , Gransbury Gemma K. , Mattioni Andrea , Whitehead George F. S. , Chilton Nicholas F. , Mills David P.
Published: December 2024

We show that fluorobenzene-bound dicationic lanthanide complexes containing a single anionic ligand can show interesting single-molecule magnet properties, and can be useful starting materials to heteroleptic complexes containing bulky ligands.
Design of an abiotic unimolecular three-helix bundle
Authors: Wang Shuhe , Sigl Johannes , Allmendinger Lars , Maurizot Victor , Huc Ivan
Published: December 2024

A unimolecular three-helix bundle aromatic foldamer in which each helix interacts with the two others was designed by stepwise transformation of a parallel trimolecular three-helix bundle.
Multi-site occupancy high-efficient CaY2ScZrAl3O12:Cr3+,Ce3+ phosphors for application in broadband NIR pc-LEDs
Authors: Xing Xiaole , Wei Xiaobin , Wang Yining , Yu Lingkang , Shang Mengmeng
Published: December 2024

The introduction of Ce3+ in CYSZA:Cr3+ improves the optical properties of the near-infrared phosphor.
Sulfation pathways in times of change
Authors: Mueller Jonathan Wolf , Fietz Daniela , Dias Irundika H.K.
Published: December 2024

Sulfation pathways are an essential part of overall sulfur metabolism. Sulfation pathways are mainly about sulfate activation, and the making and breaking of biological sulfate esters. This special issue features some extended reflection on what was presented at the SUPA 2023 meeting on Sulfation Pathways. Novel insights into the synthesis and analytics of sulfate, of sulfated conjugates, and of protein persulfides are presented. Oxysterol sulfates are presented as emerging sulfo-metabolites. Sulfation pathways enzymes are discussed in various disease settings. This special issue also presents insights into polysaccharide sulfotransferases and their functional characterization. Finally, cytoplasmic sulfotransferases are highlighted with regards to their impact on DNA-modification, and in the context of endocrine disruptors. All in all, thought-provoking findings, with the potential to guide and stimulate future research in the field of sulfation pathways and beyond.
Asymmetry in the tidal tails of open star clusters from direct N-body integrations in Milgrom-law dynamics
Authors: Pflamm-Altenburg J.
Published: December 2024

Context. Numerical simulations of star clusters in quasilinear modified Newtonian dynamics (QUMOND) orbiting in a Galactic disk potential show that the leading tidal arm of open star clusters typically contain more members than the trailing arm. However, these type of simulations are performed by solving the field equations of QUMOND and have already proven impractical for star cluster masses of around 5000 M⊙. Nearby star clusters exhibit (maximum) masses of 1000 M⊙ (or ≈1000 particles) and cannot be simulated reliably in field-theoretical formulations of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) at present.

Aims. Differences in the formation and evolution of tidal tails of open star clusters in the Newtonian and in the MONDian context are explored in the case of an equal-mass n = 400 particle cluster (Mtot = 200 M⊙).

Methods. To handle particle numbers below the QUMOND-limit, we simulated the star cluster in Milgrom-law dynamics (MLD). Milgrom’s law 𝑔N = µ(|aM|/a0)aM has been postulated to be valid for discrete systems in vectorial form, while MLD resembles QUMOND in that the acceleration of a particle outside any isolated mass concentration scales inversely with the distance. However, in MLD, an internally Newtonian binary will follow a Newtonian rather than a MONDian path around the Galactic centre. To suppress the New- tonisation of compact subsystems in the star cluster, the gravitational force is softened below particle distances of 0.001 pc ≈ 206 AU. Thus, MLD can only be considered as an approximation of a full MOND-theoretical description of discrete systems that are internally in the MOND regime. The MLD equations of motion are integrated by the standard Hermite scheme that is generally applied to Newtonian N-body systems. In this work, we have extended this scheme to solve for the accelerations and jerks associated with Milgrom’s law.

Results. We found that the tidal tails of a low-mass star cluster are populated asymmetrically in the MLD treatment, similarly to what is seen in QUMOND simulations of higher mass star clusters. In the MLD simulations, the leading tail hosts up to twice as many members than the trailing arm, while the low-mass open star cluster dissolves approximately 25% faster than in the respective Newtonian case. Furthermore, the numerical simulations show that the Newtonian integrals of motion are not conserved in MLD. However, the case of an isolated binary in the deep MOND limit can be handled analytically. The velocity of the Newtonian centre of mass does not increase continuously, but instead it wobbles around the constantly moving MLD centre of mass.
Revisiting the BE99 method for the study of outflowing gas in protostellar jets
Authors: Sperling T. , Eislöffel J.
Published: December 2024

Context. An established method for measuring the hydrogen ionisation fraction in shock-excited gas is the BE99 method, which utilises six bright forbidden emission lines: [S II]λλ6716, 6731, [N II]λλ6548, 6583, and [O I]λλ6300, 6363. The main assumptions of this technique are that the gas is in a low-excitation state (xe < 0.3) and that the equilibrium of the underlying ionisation network is reached.

Aims. Our aim is to extend the BE99 method by including more emission lines in the blue and near-infrared part of the spectrum (λ = 3500 − 11 000 Å), and by considering higher hydrogen ionisation fractions (xe > 0.3). In addition, we investigate how a non-equilibrium state of the gas and the presence of extinction influence the BE99 technique.

Methods. We numerically solved a network of ionisation reactions in the time domain, which lead to the BE99 equilibrium. We applied the BE99 method on synthetic spectra also in the non-equilibrium state. We extented the BE99 technique to higher ionisation fractions by considering additional reactions, which involve higher ionisation states of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur. We tested our concepts on the low-excitation outflow of Par Lup 3−4 and the high-excitation 244−440 Proplyd in Orion.

Results. Many additional emission line ratios can in principle be exploited as extended curves (or stripes) in the (xe, Te) diagram. If the BE99 equilibrium is reached and extinction is corrected for, all stripes overlap in one location in the (xe, Te) diagram indicating the existing gas parameters. We find that the BE99 equilibrium is reached faster than the hydrogen recombination time. The application to the Par Lup 3−4 outflow shows that the classical BE99 lines together with the [N I]λλ5198+5200 lines do not meet in one location in the (xe, Te) diagram. This indicates that the gas parameters derived from the classical BE99 method are not fully consistent with other observed line ratios. A multi-line approach is necessary to determine the gas parameters. From our analysis we derive ne ∼ 45000 cm−3 − 53000 cm−3, Te = 7600 K − 8000 K, and xe ∼ 0.027 − 0.036 for the Par Lup 3−4 outflow. For the 244−440 Proplyd we were able to use the line ratios of [S II]λλ6716+6731, [O I]λλ6300+6363, and [OII]λλ7320, 7330 in the BE99 diagram to estimate the ionisation fraction at knot E3 (xe = 0.58 ± 0.05).

Conclusions. The BE99 method can be extended by utilising more emission line ratios in the (xe, Te) diagram and considering higher ionisation states. Exploiting new line ratios reveals more insights on the state of the gas. Our analysis indicates, however, that a multi-line approach is more robust in deriving gas parameters, especially for high-density gas.
C-reactive Protein, Genetic Susceptibility, and the Long-Term Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Past Cancer
Authors: Guan Yunlong , Gan Zeyu , Li Si , Cao Xi , Zeng Ao , Li Jing , Gong Wei , Deng Jun , Hao Xingjie
Published: December 2024

Background Several studies have indicated that C-reactive protein (CRP) level is associated with the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the general population. However, CRP appears to be unrelated to VTE events in patients newly diagnosed with cancer. As the survival time of cancer patients increases, the effect of CRP on the long-term risk of VTE may change. We aimed to investigate the association between CRP and VTE in cancer survivors and further assess the modification effect of genetic susceptibility.

Methods The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between CRP levels and VTE risk as well as to investigate the joint effect of CRP and genetic susceptibility. The Kaplan-Meier curve and restricted cubic spline were used to visualize the relationship between CRP and VTE.

Results This study included 27,806 participants with cancer diagnosis at baseline in the UK Biobank. Over a follow-up period of 344,636 person-years, a total of 1,151 VTE events were recorded. Participants were divided into four groups based on CRP level quartiles. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) of Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 1.00, 1.20 (0.99–1.44), 1.25 (1.04–1.50), and 1.51 (1.25–1.82), respectively. For those with high genetic risk of VTE, high CRP had an additional increased risk for VTE.

Conclusion CRP can be used as a predictive biomarker for VTE risk in cancer survivors, especially in those with high genetic risk. Future research can explore whether prevention and treatment strategies for VTE can be developed based on CRP for cancer survivors.
Black-box optimization technique for investigation of surface phase diagram
Authors: Urushihara Makoto , Yamaguchi Kenji , Tamura Ryo
Published: December 2024

Surface phase diagrams are useful in material design for understanding catalytic reactions and deposition processes and are usually obtained by numerical calculations. However, a large number of calculations are required, and a strategy to reduce the computation time is necessary. In this study, we proposed a black-box optimization strategy to investigate the surface phase diagram with the smallest possible number of calculations. Our method was tested to examine the phase diagram in which two types of adsorbates, i.e., oxygen and carbon monoxide, were adsorbed onto a palladium surface. In comparison with a random calculation without using machine learning, we confirmed that the proposed method obtained a surface phase diagram with a small number of calculations. In conclusion, our strategy is a general-purpose method that can contribute to the rapid study of various types of surface phase diagrams.
Two high-precision compact schemes for the dissipative symmetric regular long wave (SRLW) equation by multiple varying bounds integral method
Authors: Wu Jianing , Guo Cui , Fan Boyu , Zheng Xiongbo , Li Xiaole , Wang Yixue
Published: December 2024

This paper mainly focuses on the numerical study of fourth-order nonlinear dissipative symmetric regular long wave equation. We propose two new methods: the Multiple Varying Bounds Integral (MVBI) method and Taylor Function Fitted (TFF) method. With the multiple varying bounds integral method, all the derivatives in the space direction of the differential equation can be eliminated and we can get different numerical formats by adjusting the integral bound parameters. According to the physical properties of the original differential equation, we can choose an appropriate format from them. Meanwhile, with the Taylor function fitted method, the derivatives of the function at one point, such as first-order and second-order, can be approximated by the original function value at the points around it. Hence, with the MVBI method and TFF method, we can establish two compact and high-precision numerical schemes. In addition, we prove that these numerical schemes are consistent with the original equation on the energy property. Next, the convergence and stability of numerical solution U and P̃ are both proved. Finally, numerical experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of numerical schemes.
Arbitrary amplitude electron-acoustic solitary waves in magnetoplasma with Kaniadakis distributed electrons
Authors: Alrowaily Albandari W. , Khalid Muhammad , Kabir Abdul , Shah Rasool , Tiofack C. G. L. , Alhejaili Weaam , El-Tantawy S. A.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the arbitrary amplitude high-frequency electron-acoustic (EA) solitary waves (EASWs) in a multi-component magnetoplasma consisting of inertial fluid cold electrons and inertialess Kaniadakis distributed hot electrons and stationary positive ions. The Sagdeev potential approach is implemented to derive the energy-balance equation governing arbitrary amplitude EASWs’ dynamics. On examining the condition responsible for determining the polarity of the waves, it was discovered that the existing model exclusively allows for the existence of negative (rarefactive) EASWs. The influence of critical factors, such as Mach number, the direction of propagation, the strength of the magnetic field, and the κ-deformed parameter on the profile of the EASWs is examined and discussed. We will also determine whether shock waves can exist and propagate in this model or not after checking all the criteria for their existence.
Modeling time-delayed acoustic interactions of cavitation bubbles and bubble clusters
Authors: Coulombel Pierre , Denner Fabian
Published: December 2024

We propose a low-dimensional modeling approach to simulate the dynamics, acoustic emissions, and interactions of cavitation bubbles, based on a quasi-acoustic assumption. This quasi-acoustic assumption accounts for the compressibility of the medium surrounding the bubble and its finite speed of sound, whereby the potential of the acoustic wave emitted by the bubble propagates along outgoing characteristics. With these ingredients, a consistent set of equations describing the radial bubble dynamics as well as the resulting acoustic emissions and bubble–bubble interactions is obtained, which is accurate to the first order of the Mach number. This model is tested by considering several representative test cases, including the resonance behavior of multiple interacting bubbles and the response of dense mono- and polydisperse bubble clusters to a change in ambient pressure. The results are shown to be in excellent agreement with results reported in the literature. The differences associated with the finite propagation speed of the acoustic waves are observed to be most pronounced for the pressure-driven bubble dynamics in dense bubble clusters and the onset of cavitation in response to a change in ambient pressure.
Effect of different crystallographic properties on the electrical conductivity of two polymorphs of a spin crossover complex
Authors: Mahbub Rifat , McElveen Kayleigh A , Zaz M Zaid , Ekanayaka Thilini K , Mishra Esha , Bissell Eric , Banerjee Parag , Shapiro David , Lai Rebecca Y , Dowben Peter A , Shield Jeffrey E
Published: December 2024

In this study, the structure and transport properties of two polymorphs, nanoparticles and nanorods, of the iron(II) triazole [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4) spin crossover complex were compared. Conductive atomic force microscopy was used to map the electrical conductivity of individual nanoparticles and nanorods. The [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4) nanorods showed significantly higher conductivity compared to nanoparticles. This difference in electrical conductivity is partially associated to the different Fe–N bond lengths in each of the polymorphs, with an inverse relationship between Fe–N bond length and conductivity. Transport measurements were done on the nanorods for both high spin (at 380 K) and low spin (at 320 K) states under dark and illuminated conditions. The conductance is highest for the low spin state under dark conditions. In illumination, the conductance change is much diminished.
Concentrated Solar Power Plant using air blended with nanoparticles as working fluid
Authors: Di Bartolomeo M. , Coletta A. , Deriszadeh A. , Di Battista D. , Carapellucci R. , Cipollone R.
Published: December 2024

Adopting efficient power plants based on renewable energy sources is extremely important to face the challenges of global warming. Concentrated Solar Power Plant (CSP) is a technology option that can achieve the decarbonization target of the electricity sector in large power plants and simultaneously meet the growing demand for electricity. In this study, a CSP plant using air as heat transfer fluid, whose transformations realize a Discrete Ericsson Cycle (DEC), was referenced. Solar fields are based on parabolic trough collectors. The DEC consists of a series of inter-cooled compressions and inter-heated expansions (four and two, respectively, in this paper), whose net result is a useful work. In this paper, a mixture of air and Cr2O3 nanoparticles at different particle concentration has been considered as working fluid to enhance the performances of the compression and expansion transformations in a DEC-based plant. The presence of particles cools the air during compression and heat the air during expansion, approaching isothermal processes. A sensitivity analysis referred to the particle concentration has been discussed and the power and the efficiency of the plant have been discussed outlining benefits and drawbacks. Nanoparticle concentration less that 0,05% in volume (10 % in mass) produce a power and efficiency output increase close to 3 % without any sensible constraint. At higher concentrations, more significant variations are achieved with a 15 % power output increase for a mass concentration of nanoparticles of 50%. Such mass concentration corresponds to just 0.05 % in volume, allowing a potential operativity of the turbomachines. In this condition, the overall CSP efficiency improve by 1.5 percentage points.
Design of a Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant Powered by Renewables for a Small Mediterranean Island
Authors: Travaglini Riccardo , Superchi Francesco , Bianchini Alessandro
Published: December 2024

Water shortage is one of the main problems for small, isolated islands, especially in the Mediterranean Sea. Water supply in those areas relies on maritime transport through tanker ships, especially during periods of high demand. However, this solution is unsuitable for isolated islands due to the high costs and environmental impact. This study aims to assess the feasibility of powering a desalination facility in a remote location with renewable energy sources to assess the potential cost savings and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions compared to the current supply mechanisms. To this end, the Greek island of Tilos is selected as a case study due to its high unexploited renewable energy production during winter months. The study hypothesizes using a seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) unit to increase the sustainability of the water supply and promote the island’s self-sufficiency. Two control strategies have been adopted, simulating a demand-driven and a renewable production-driven scenarios. Results show a levelized cost of water that ranges between 1 and 2 €/m3, which is consistent with the average cost for the existing desalination plants in Grece. The adoption of a SWRO facility coupled with water storage systems results always in a more cost-effective solution than maritime transport, leading also to a relevant reduction of the environmental impact.
A Thermodynamic Study of Pressure Gain Combustion in Combined Cycles
Authors: Giuffrida Antonio , Chiesa Paolo , Sordillo Antonio P.
Published: December 2024

Gas turbines are internal combustion engines based on the Brayton-Joule cycle with four thermodynamic processes including air compression, constant pressure combustion, gas expansion and heat rejection. Actually, a relevant increase in entropy production is related to the constant pressure combustion, even in the ideal cycle, so alternative combustion solutions, such as the Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC), are worthy of attention.

This work aims at investigating PGC potential in gas turbines compared to conventional power plants based on the Brayton-Joule cycle. Both simple cycle and combined cycle operations are considered, focusing on a F-class gas turbine unit for power production. Cycle performance is estimated through a thermodynamic in-house code, where the common calculation scheme has been revised in order to simulate a combustion process occurring with increasing pressure from inlet to outlet of the combustor. A booster compressor is necessarily included in the power system for delivering the cooling air to the first stage blades of the turbine. The results are fully satisfactory as PGC technology really improves the efficiency of the gas turbine expander: in case of a pressure gain of 45%, which is a reasonable value based on literature data, 1.3 to 3.4 percentage points more in gas turbine efficiency have been calculated. Finally, a parametric analysis of expansion efficiency penalties due to supersonic pulsating flows at the first stage of the turbine expander is presented.
Comparison between cold and hot network in a solar district cooling system
Authors: Ghirardi E. , Brumana G. , Franchini G.
Published: December 2024

Heat-powered absorption cooling have attracted attention in recent decades, especially in regions with hot and arid climates a higher availability of solar radiation, can be exploited in solar-assisted District Cooling (SDC) system to reduce costs. The paper proposes a comparison of two Solar District Cooling configurations powered by a PTC field with thermal storage and an absorption chiller. The first configuration, called cold network, has a large hot water storage tank slaved to a single chiller that produces all the chilled water that is distributed to the network; in the second configuration, called hot network, the water heated in the solar array is sent through the network directly to thermal storage tanks, located near the buildings to be served, where each agglomeration has its own chillers. A techno-economic optimization was performed for the two configurations by varying the Solar Fraction (SF), from 25% to 100%. When solar radiation is not sufficient to meet demand, an auxiliary electric chiller will be used. The results show that component size increases linearly with SF up to 75%. To achieve a fully renewable solution, components need to be significantly oversized. Generally, a SDC system in a centralized configuration offers improved performance and reduced distribution losses. However, this is not the case for a scenario with unitary SF, where the distribution network takes on an additional thermal reserve role.
Investigating the Impact of Varied C-Rates on Lithium-Ion Batteries: A 1D Simulation Study
Authors: Kaya Elif , Reina Luca , d’Adamo Alessandro
Published: December 2024

With the advancement of powertrain technology and progressive vehicle electrification, one of the solutions for the growing need for energy storage is batteries. A secondary battery is a device that stores electrical energy in chemical form and delivers it as electrical energy when needed (discharging), with the possibility to revert the process converting electrical to chemical energy (charging). The lithium-ion battery type used in the study offers increased energy and power density with a cell voltage of approximately 3.6 V, making it suitable for use in portable electronic devices like mobile phones and laptops. In this research, a 1D model (through-electrolyte direction) of lithium-ion battery was analysed, in which the effect of different C-rates was investigated using the battery and design module of COMSOL Multiphysics software for 0.1C, 0.5C, 1C, 2C, and 3C rates, relevant for automotive applications. The simulation results of the lithium-ion battery model constitute an important step towards the development of battery technology, allowing an understanding of the transport processes in the electrodes and electrolyte. The results revealed that under higher C-rates of operation, differences emerge in electrolyte and electrode voltage ranges, salt concentration profiles in the electrolyte, surface and center electrode particle lithium concentrations.
Lumped Parameter Modelling of Common Rail High-Pressure Fuel Injection Pump
Authors: Chiavola O , Palmieri F , Verdoliva F
Published: December 2024

High injection pressure is crucial for both modern and future diesel engines, resulting in enhanced performance, fuel efficiency, and reduced emissions. Fuel atomization, combustion optimization, torque control, and engine NVH are among the critical topics directly influenced by the injection strategy. Common rail diesel injection pumps play a pivotal role in delivering fuel at high pressure, with performance metrics such as flow rate and maximum pressure defining the pump’s technology level. Development efforts have consistently focused on improving performance and efficiency since the inception of common rail systems. Future challenges for diesel engines and injection pumps include meeting carbon neutrality goals, which may require adapting to new fuels, engine control strategies (such as hybrid powertrains and drivetrains), and pump drive concepts. In this context, simulating pump operation is essential for optimizing design, predicting performance, and developing control systems. The article deals with the mechanical-hydraulic modelling of a high-pressure pump. The model is based on the lumped parameter simulation of a cylinder-piston pair interacting with intake and delivery volumes via automatically opening valves. Validation of the model relies on dedicated experimental investigation campaigns, enabling measurement of pressure in the pump’s working chamber and high-speed visualization of the intake valve’s position relative to the pump shaft’s angular position. The article reports a detailed description of the model, the experimental approach, and the synthesis of the results.
Integration of hydrogen for decarbonisation: the possible contribution in “Hard-to-Abate” Sectors
Authors: Franco Alessandro , Giovannini Caterina
Published: December 2024

The energy transition requires significant efforts to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors. These sectors pose substantial challenges due to their high energy demands and reliance on fossil fuels, necessitating a comprehensive strategy. Hydrogen emerges as a helpful element, through its use as a feedstock, process agent, and alternative fuel for high-temperature heat. Its use in hard-to-abate sectors, such as steel and chemical industries, offers promising low-carbon alternatives, particularly in processes like direct reduction of iron (DRI). This paper aims to provide a critical analysis and framework to better organize and address the varied challenges and activities related to hydrogen utilization in these sectors.
Optimizing hydrogen storage in magnesium hydride using carbon-based catalysts
Authors: Sarcinella Antonella
Published: December 2024

The utilization of fossil fuels, including coal, crude oil, and natural gas, has long been recognized as a significant contributor to environmental degradation, primarily due to their non-renewable nature and harmful emissions. The transition to renewable energy sources becomes imperative, and energy storage technologies are of paramount importance. In this context, hydrogen as chemical energy storage emerges represent a promising solution, offering both sustainability and environmental friendliness. However, the practical storage of hydrogen presents several challenges, primarily due to its light weight and gaseous nature. Among various storage methods, magnesium hydride (MgH2) has gained considerable attention due to its high hydrogen storage capacity, reversible uptake and release, and potential for safe handling and transportation. Nevertheless, magnesium hydride face inherent drawbacks, including low sorption and desorption kinetics, high hydrogen release temperatures, and the formation of undesirable gases during cycling. To overcome these challenges, various strategies have been proposed, with catalytic enhancement showing significant promise. Carbon-based materials and carbon-based composite materials have emerged as effective catalysts in improving the kinetics and efficiency of hydrogen storage in magnesium hydride. In this paper, that is a review of the existing literature, the role of these carbon-based catalysts in enhancing the performance of magnesium hydride for hydrogen storage will be explored, focusing on recent advancements and potential solutions to overcome existing limitations.
Control-Oriented Modelling of a HEV with Dual-Clutch Transmission for Torque Split and Gear Shifting Optimization
Authors: Brancati Renato , Gimelli Alfredo , Tufano Francesco
Published: December 2024

An innovative parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) configuration can be achieved using a Hybrid Dual-Clutch Transmission (H-DCT), which integrates an Electric Motor (EM) connected to one of the DCT input shafts. This configuration allows the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and EM to transmit torque through different mechanical paths, optimizing their operational efficiency across various driving conditions. This study develops a control-oriented model of an HEV with H-DCT for Model In the Loop (MIL) applications, incorporating detailed physical models of the DCT components. The simulation platform includes fuel consumption models for the ICE, EM, and battery, and computes vehicle motion and tractive effort using a longitudinal vehicle dynamics model. Rule-based strategies for torque-split and gear-shifting are employed to control the HEV. Validation against data from the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) demonstrates the model accuracy and highlights the efficiency gains achievable with the H-DCT configuration.
Energy and Economic Evaluation of a Mixed-Use Renewable Energy Community
Authors: Vecchi F , Delmedico V , Castigliego D , Cafagna G , Chimienti A , Camporeale S M
Published: December 2024

Energy transition fosters the production of local renewable energy resources (RES) towards an active role of consumers. Renewable installations can be implemented by a single prosumer or as an aggregation of multiple users, as in the case of Renewable Energy Communities (REC). Residential users prevail in urban contexts while assessing mixed-use neighbourhoods would enhance energy load complementary. To maximise local potential for RECs, matching demand and local renewable production requires the integration of different load profiles. This would enhance the energy independence from the network and potentially have economic benefits.

This work aims at assessing the energy and economic RES convenience as single-building installation and as an aggregation in a REC. Distinct building functions are considered with multiple consumption profiles, simulated in City Energy Analyst. The considered RES is photovoltaics to satisfy the electric load. The case study is a neighbourhood in Bari, Italy, which includes residential buildings, a university, and tertiary services. Results show the advantages of a REC project rather than a scenario with single buildings. From an energy side, the electric surplus of single buildings is exchanged among them through collective self-consumption, which applies the premium tariff. Investment costs are lower for the installation of solar panels, while annual revenues increase exploiting the share of local self-consumption. The university has a far higher over-production and uncovered demand than the other structures, which greatly influences the REC outputs. Therefore, the advantage would be much more evident by realising a REC having buildings with similar magnitude of consumption and production.
Evaluating Brayton Heat Pump Potential for Industrial Decarbonisation
Authors: Benvenuti Matteo , Frate Guido Francesco , Ferrari Lorenzo
Published: December 2024

High-temperature heat pumps facilitate the integration of renewable into industrial processes and foster thermal production decarbonisation in industry. Among the various options available, Brayton heat pumps are increasingly researched due to their ability to produce heat at higher temperatures than the vapour-compression alternatives, for which commercial solutions are limited to up to 200 °C. While Brayton HTHPs feature a maximum heat production temperature that may easily overcome 350 °C, this technology does not produce heat at a constant temperature, such that the average temperature of the produced heat may be much lower than its maximum value and more in line with vapour compression technologies, potentially vinifying the competitive advantage of Brayton HTHPs. This paper reviews the applicability fields of Brayton HTHP, considering the maximum and minimum temperature values required by various industrial processes. Furthermore, the trade-off between the COP and the average temperature of the produced heat is explored for various Brayton HTHP configurations by considering the practical limitations that operating pressures, temperatures and mass flow rates impose on the HTHP components, namely compressors, expanders and heat exchangers. In this way, a comprehensive characterisation of the Brayton HTHP technology and its potential for industrial decarbonisation is assessed.
Digitalization of the urban communities: energy harvesting from water pipeline to enhance leakage monitoring and detection
Authors: Tiwari Ravi Nath , Pais Tatiana , Reggio Federico , Pascenti Matteo , Traverso Alberto , Silvestri Paolo
Published: December 2024

The SMART PIPING project aims to design, create and test innovative solutions for resilience of water and energy networks, aiming to develop technologies for the energy autonomy of stations monitoring of infrastructures suitable for the transport of fluids (natural gas and biogas, hydrocarbons, water). In this paper, an innovative bladeless turbine is designed and manufactured in relevant environment to demonstrate the feasibility of harvesting significant amount of energy in the urban pipeline distribution network to power local devices to monitor the piping health and enable leakage early-warning. Results show that bladeless turbine can constitute a cost-effective and highly reliable device to enable the digital and energy-efficient transition of urban communities.
Design of a six-axis integrated drive-control industrial robot controller
Authors: Yao Lingfeng , Feng Tingping , Li Junmin
Published: December 2024

This paper designs a six-axis industrial robot servo system based on Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) + Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), which combines the advantages of small size, smooth speed, high precision and low jitter, and the parallel processing of FPGA realizes the multiple Field-Oriented Control (FOC) algorithms to collect the output data efficiently. The FPGA parallel processing implements the multi-way Field-Oriented Control (FOC) algorithm to efficiently collect the output data, and the ARM reads the FPGA data through the Flexible Memory Controller (FMC) bus to configure the FPGA to drive the robot, which enhances the flexibility and real-time performance, and the system is able to control the six servo motors synchronously. Through experiments, we found that the industrial robot exhibited no significant changes in current feedback under both no-load and full-load conditions. Additionally, the proposed controller demonstrated higher precision in joint movement control compared to conventional controllers, achieving a maximum improvement of 0.088° and maintaining an error margin within 0.099°. The experiments validate its high-precision control, effectively addressing issues of speed smoothness and jitter, thereby providing substantial practical application value.
Study on the morphology of silicone rubber water tree under AC voltage
Authors: Yuan Xinqi , Zhou Yuanxiang , Jiang Guimin , Li Yuhang
Published: December 2024

Water tree is the deterioration phenomenon of insulating materials due to the ingress of water during operation. In order to reveal the change characteristics of the water tree morphology during the aging process of the silicone rubber water tree, an experimental platform for silicone rubber water branch aging was built, the morphology of the water tree in silicone rubber was observed, and a possible explanation was proposed. Silicone rubber samples were subjected to an accelerated water tree aging test in sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 1.8 mol/L for 2 weeks. The morphology of the water tree was observed, and the results were analyzed. The results showed that the morphology of the water tree in silicone rubber was inconsistent with that in XLPE, which was manifested in the following aspects. The average length of the water tree in silicone rubber was 50 μm, and the water tree grew along the wall of the pinhole. After dyeing, the morphology of the branches could be observed, but branches at the pinhole wall gradually disappeared within 15 minutes. After reheating, the water branches reappeared. In silicone rubber, the birthrate of the water tree in the silicone rubber water branch aging test was low, only 1/8 in this experiment. Its growth rate was 0.18 μm/h.
Research on the calculation model of energy consumption and carbon emissions in the service industry based on time series prediction model
Authors: Peng Haoyue , Jiang Jinyang , Peng Wenxin , Kuang Pengyan , Xiang Fei , Yang Li , Peng Shun , Cai Yuhang , Zhong Yuanhong
Published: December 2024

As an important component of the modern economy, the service industry’s energy consumption and carbon emissions increasingly impact the environment. This article constructs an application system for a large amount of electricity data analysis, aiming to accurately calculate and predict energy consumption and carbon emissions in the service industry through a calculation model of electricity carbon. This article combines big data, machine learning, and optimization algorithms. It compares the use of models such as ARIMAX, BP neural network, and LSTM to improve the accuracy and reliability of energy consumption and carbon emission prediction. Through actual data and case verification, the calculation model of electricity-carbon has shown good applicability and prediction accuracy in different scenarios.
Equivalent measurement method for ice thickness of transmission lines
Authors: Zhong Jianwei , Jiang Xingliang , Zhang Zhijin , Zhu Zhongfeng , Wu Zhouchang , Liu Xintong
Published: December 2024

Icing on power transmission lines poses a serious threat to the safety and stability of power grids. Traditional manual patrols are inefficient and unable to effectively monitor ice conditions on the lines. This paper presents a novel ice-monitoring device that employs cylindrical arrays to predict and monitor icing parameters. By measuring the increase in ice weight on multiple cylindrical surfaces, environmental conditions such as wind speed, temperature, and water droplet content are determined. The device combines advanced modeling techniques to provide real-time and precise data, facilitating timely warnings and preventive actions. Experimental results have confirmed the accuracy of this method, offering a reliable solution for managing ice-related risks in power transmission systems.
A balanced optimization method for energy storage capacity allocation in new power systems under the background of carbon reduction
Authors: Qian Xiao , Wang Xiran , Pan Li , Zou Bo , Li Yang
Published: December 2024

Under the combined effects of national carbon reduction requirements, strong volatility and randomness at the new energy end, and a large amount of source load at the load end, the planning and operation characteristics of the new power system will also undergo fundamental changes, and energy storage planning and configuration will become the most suitable solution. This paper explores the optimal configuration of energy storage capacity within emerging power systems. Using a distribution network heavily reliant on renewable energy as a case study, we employed an echo state network to optimize the balance of energy storage capacity. Numerical experiments and case studies were conducted to validate the efficacy of this approach. Our research aims to furnish a robust and practical methodology for optimizing energy storage capacity in power systems, thereby offering substantial support towards achieving carbon reduction targets and fostering sustainable development within the energy sector.
Optimisation of photovoltaic storage and charging system operation based on photovoltaic power generation prediction analysis
Authors: Yu Changle , Li Wenwen , Liu Jun , Zhang Su , Zhao Xiaona , Li Qiwen
Published: December 2024

The power generation of photovoltaic power generation systems has more influencing factors. Accurate PV power prediction data is needed in order to maintain the stable operation of the power system. In this paper, a photovoltaic power generation prediction scheme combining the integrated weather-similar day clustering method is designed with reference to the weather characteristics in the northeast region. The training samples are classified into three generalized weather small sample datasets. The radial basis (RBF) neural network prediction optimized with the Fruit Fly Algorithm (FOA) is chosen as the main body of the prediction system model. The prediction model is established. The power prediction is compared with the power prediction using the BP neural network model. The simulated prediction results are analyzed. The results indicate that the FOA-RBF neural network model exhibits superior performance in approximating nonlinear functions compared to the BP neural network. Ultimately, the forecasted data is utilized for operational enhancement, aiming for peak economic efficiency as the goal of optimization. This process considers limitations like energy equilibrium to enhance the financial viability of the optical storage charging facility, which improves the economic efficiency of the photovoltaic storage charging station, enhances the reliability of the system, and verifies the usability of the small-sample PV power prediction strategy based on FOA-RBF neural network designed in this paper for the northeastern region.
Research on capacity configuration method of optical storage charging integrated charging station considering economic and environmental benefits
Authors: Yu Changle , Yang Lin , Zhang Su , Liu Jun , Wan Jia , Song Mingda
Published: December 2024

In order to deeply explore the economic and environmental benefits of the photovoltaic-storage-charging integrated power station and optimize the capacity allocation of the power station, a capacity allocation strategy integrating economic considerations and environmental benefits is proposed. Firstly, based on the summary analysis of the typical architecture and operation characteristics of photovoltaic microgrid, the dual objectives of maximizing system economy and efficient utilization of photovoltaic energy are set, and multiple constraints such as power balance, installed capacity, charging and discharging efficiency and energy storage status are incorporated. A multi-objective optimization framework of microgrid adapted to time-of-use electricity price is constructed. In view of the complex model, multi-objective conflict and nonlinear characteristics, this paper introduces the improved weed algorithm as a solution tool. Finally, the examples of typical daily operation scenarios are simulated and verified by the Matlab platform. The results show that the method effectively realizes the capacity configuration of the integrated power station of optical storage and charging, provides a reference for the construction of a green energy system, and ensures the rationality and effectiveness of the construction of charging stations.
Improved state transition algorithm for hybrid power system reactive power optimization using filter techniques
Authors: Song Tao , Pu Yu , Mo Jun , Tang Hao , Zhong Jiyou
Published: December 2024

Reactive power optimization in power systems is crucial for their normal and efficient operation. However, with the increasing prevalence of active current and direct current (AC-DC) hybrid power grids, existing optimization methods face issues such as poor adaptability, low efficiency, insufficient accuracy, and inadequate convergence. To address these problems, this paper proposes a reactive power optimization model based on an improved state transition algorithm (STA) utilizing filter techniques. The optimization model considers operational costs associated with adjusting transformer tap positions, switching reactive power compensation capacitors, regulating generator terminal voltages, and adjusting active power in DC transmission. Simulation results demonstrate that this method can reduce system losses and voltage control costs while ensuring stable system operation, thus improving the reactive power distribution in AC-DC hybrid transmission systems.
Research on photovoltaic power generation prediction based on EPSO-ELM model
Authors: Zhang Peng , Yao Hongyang , Chen Ting , Sun Qiuya , Qian Xingxu
Published: December 2024

To increase the precision of photovoltaic power prediction (PPG), we propose a PPG algorithm based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and enhanced particle swarm optimization (EPSO) to optimize the extreme learning machine (ELM). Firstly, VMD is employed to decompose photovoltaic power data into multiple intrinsic modal components of different frequencies, to decrease the non-stationarity of the original sequence. Secondly, an improved EPSO algorithm is constructed using Latin hypercube sampling and quadratic interpolation strategy. Then, the EPSO is used to globally optimize the ELM parameters and establish EPSO-ELM combination models for different modal sequence components. Finally, the trained combination model is used to perform multidimensional prediction on the modal feature components of each decomposed subsequence, and the modal prediction sequences of each layer are superimposed and combined to form the final output result. The simulation results prove that the constructed VMD-EPSO-ELM model has stronger robustness and higher prediction accuracy compared to conventional short-term PPG prediction models.
Research on adaptive control strategies for grid-friendly photovoltaic storage network systems
Authors: Tong Menghao , Niu Shengsuo
Published: December 2024

To address the critical issue of frequency stability in grid-connected photovoltaic energy storage systems, a control strategy based on grid-friendly technologies is proposed. This strategy integrates the principles and topology of traditional Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) with adaptive VSG control and pre-synchronization techniques. Firstly, based on the traditional VSG control strategy, the frequency operation curve of the VSG is divided into three intervals corresponding to different control modes: islanding mode, PV-storage frequency stabilization mode, and adaptive regulation mode. Each mode is analysed to understand the impact of different inertia and damping coefficients on system output characteristics. A control strategy that allows for adaptive adjustment of inertia and damping coefficients is designed, referencing the power angle characteristic curve and frequency oscillation curve of a synchronous generator (SG). By introducing inertia elements, the robustness of the system against disturbances is enhanced. Utilizing the operational characteristics of energy storage, the combined PV and energy storage system can better interact with and support the grid. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted by using MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed strategy is compared with traditional adaptive control and VSG control strategies. The results demonstrate that the proposed grid-friendly VSG control strategy offers superior frequency stability, robustness, and response speed.