bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Contextual Factors of Youth Homelessness And Sexual Risk Behaviors: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Santa Maria Diane , Narendorf Sarah C. , Ha Yoonsook , Bezette‐Flores Noel
Published: November 2015

CONTEXT

HIV disproportionately affects homeless youth, and interventions to date have had minimal success in reducing sexual risk behaviors in this population. Few qualitative studies have been conducted to provide insight into the influence of homelessness‐related factors on sexual risk behaviors.

METHODS

A qualitative study with a quantitative component was conducted with a nonprobability sample of 64 homeless youth aged 14–24; participants were recruited from a variety of venues in Houston between October 2013 and March 2014. Thirteen focus group discussions were conducted; thematic analysis was used to identify themes related to HIV risk.

RESULTS

Participants were predominantly black (75%), sheltered (67%) and aged 18 or older (77%). Youth discussed how the circumstances of their homelessness and the struggle to meet their immediate needs led to behaviors and experiences that put them at risk for HIV. Three themes emerged: Homeless youth frequently engage in risky sexual behavior, sometimes as a way to cope with stress; they often trade sex, either voluntarily or involuntarily, for such necessities as money or a place to sleep; and many experienced childhood sexual victimization or have been victimized since becoming homeless. Youth also described how stress, stigma and self‐reliance contributed to their involvement in HIV risk behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS

HIV prevention methods that target stress and stigma while respecting youths’ self‐reliance may help reduce sexual risk behaviors. Further research is needed to determine suitable behavioral change techniques to address these potentially modifiable factors.
Simplified expressions for calculating Debye temperature and melting point of II-VI and III-V semiconductors
Authors: Daoud Salah
Published: November 2015

Simple empirical expressions between the Debye temperature and the bond length and also between the melting point and the bond length have been proposed. These formulas have been established for two groups of ANB8-N type binary semiconductors (groups: II-VI and III-V). A good correlation between the Debye temperature and the bond length and also between the melting point and the bond length is obtained. The minimum average percentage deviations in the present approach reveal that our model proves its identity and soundness compared to those of other author relations.
Numerical Computation of the Inverse Born Approximation
for the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation in Two Dimensions
Authors: Harju Markus
Published: November 2015

This work
deals with the numerical computation of the inverse Born approximation associated with inverse scattering problems for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in two space dimensions. We consider both backscattering and fixed angle data. The problem of computing the Born approximation is formulated as a linear inverse problem which is solved using a regularization method. Numerical examples with noisy data are given to illustrate the effectiveness of this method.
Successful external cephalic version after preterm premature rupture of membranes utilizing amnioinfusion complicated by fetal femoral fracture
Authors: Stanhope Todd J. , Nassr Ahmed A. , Boldt Kristi L. , El-Nashar Sherif A. , Brost Brian C.
Published: November 2015

We report a case of successful external cephalic version after preterm premature rupture of membranes. Transcervical amnioinfusion was used to facilitate the procedure due to minimal amniotic fluid, and the patient subsequently delivered vaginally. A femoral fracture was later identified in the neonate.
The Transformation of Medicare, 2015 to 2030
Authors: Aaron Henry J. , Reischauer Robert
Published: November 2015

Medicare today is a better program on almost every dimension than it was just after July 30, 1965 when Lyndon Johnson signed public law 89–97. Nonetheless, short-comings, limitations, and inadequacies remain. What should be done to make Medicare a better program? What should Medicare look like in 2030? In this paper we try to answer these questions. Three perspectives are relevant: that of beneficiaries, current and future; that of policymakers and administrators, the program’s stewards; and that of society at large. We posit certain objectives and goals that we believe – and that we think a broad swath of Americans would agree – should be pursued to improve the Medicare program. Those goals include (a) affordability for Medicare beneficiaries, (b) affordability for the working population that is paying and should continue to pay for much of the current cost of the program, (c) reduction in what we regard as needless complexity, and (d) stability and continuity in several different senses. We restrict ourselves to changes that we judge to be affordable and feasible – politically, technically, and administratively – if not today, then over the next decade or two. We believe that changes in Medicare will remain incremental, as they have been for the last 50 years. We shall assume that the ACA takes root and that the exchanges, whether managed by states or by the federal government on behalf of the states, continue to operate. We shall assume that federal and state officials eventually surmount the administrative challenges they still confront. In particular, we assume that the exchanges come to serve a growing share of the American population and that they increasingly exercise the rather considerable regulatory powers over insurance offerings that the ACA grants to them. We divide Medicare reforms into four categories: payment reform, benefit reform, quality reform and management, and the role of private insurance plans (Medicare Advantage [MA]).
Fatigue behavior of wood-fiber-based tri-axial engineered sandwich composite panels (ESCP)
Authors: Li Jinghao , Hunt John F. , Gong Shaoqin , Cai Zhiyong
Published: November 2015

The static and fatigue bending behavior of wood-fiber-based tri-axial engineered sandwich composite panels (ESCP) has been investigated by four-point bending tests. Fatigue panels and weakened panels (wESCP) with an initial interface defect were manufactured for the fatigue tests. Stress σ vs. number of cycles curves (S-N) were recorded under the different stress levels. The primary failure mode in the fatigue tests was observed in the shear zone (epoxy debonding), which was different from face failure in the pure bending zone for the static bending test. For residual bending (RB) test, epoxy debonding failure occurred between the pure bending zone and shear zone. Macro cracks along the core/face interface developed as the number of cycles increased during the fatigue life. The crack propagation or damage for the panels submitted to fatigue test can be described as a three-stage damage process of first non-linear portion, followed by linear damage accumulation, and lastly non-linear accelerated damage. Bending stiffness degradation at the higher load level had faster degradation during fatigue life. The dissipated energy of the panels was small due to the high stiffness of the materials.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of 3D versus 2D endoscopy in skull base surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Marcus Hani J. , Wan Yizhou , Ulrich Nils H. , Reisch Robert
Published: November 2015

Background: The recent introduction of 3-dimensional (3D) endoscopes may improve depth perception, but this must be balanced against their higher cost, larger size, and greater weight.

Methods: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and PubMed databases were searched between January 1990 and December 2014. Titles and abstracts were screened to identify publications that (1) featured adult patients, (2) compared 2D and 3D endoscopy, and (3) reported on effectiveness or safety.

Results: A total of 163 articles were pooled from the electronic databases. After exclusion, six articles were identified that satisfied the inclusion criteria, comprising three preclinical studies, two retrospective cohort studies, and one case-control study. In the clinical studies a total of 244 patients undergoing endoscopic pituitary surgery were reported – 140 (57.4%) with 2D HD endoscopes, and 104 (42.6%) with 3D SD endoscopes. There was no significant difference in the extent of resection, operating time, or complications, between the 2D and 3D groups.

Conclusion: Larger prospective clinical studies comparing 3D and 2D are warranted to determine the extent to which subjective improvements in perception lead to objective improvements in patient outcome.
Stable gradient projection method for nonlinear conditionally well-posed inverse problems
Authors: Kokurin Mikhali Y.
Published: November 2015

We study the standard gradient projection method in a Hilbert space, as applied to minimization of the residual functional for nonlinear operator equations with differentiable operators. The functional is minimized over a closed, convex and bounded set, which contains a solution to the equation. It is assumed that the inverse problem associated with the operator equation is conditionally well-posed with a Hölder-type modulus of relative continuity. We prove that the iterative process is asymptotically stable with respect to errors in the right part of the operator equation. Moreover, the process delivers in the limit an order optimal approximation to the desired solution.
Fast Toeplitz linear system inversion for solving two-dimensional acoustic inverse problem
Authors: Kabanikhin Sergey I. , Novikov Nikita S. , Oseledets Ivan V. , Shishlenin Maxim A.
Published: November 2015

The coefficient inverse problem for the acoustic equation is considered. We propose the method for reconstructing the density based on the N-approximation by the finite system of one-dimensional problems and the two-dimensional M. G. Krein approach. The two-dimensional analogue of the M. G. Krein approach is applied to reduce the non-linear inverse problem to a family of linear integral equations. We consider the fast algorithm for solving the relevant linear system, based on using the block-Toeplitz structure of the matrix. The algorithm applied to the M. G. Krein equation allows to obtain the solution of the whole family of the integral equations by solving only one linear system. Results of numerical calculations are presented.
Ein einfaches Verfahren zur Schätzung von Referenzintervallen aus routinemäßig erhobenen Labordaten
Authors: Hoffmann Georg , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Wosniok Werner
Published: November 2015

Nach Empfehlungen der IFCC und anderer Organisationen sollen medizinische Laboratorien alle Referenzintervalle selbst erheben oder zumindest individuell anpassen, um Besonderheiten der jeweiligen Methoden und Patientenkollektive abzubilden. In der Praxis ist diese Forderung allerdings nur schwer umzusetzen. Deshalb erarbeiten zwei DGKL-Arbeitsgruppen („AG Richtwerte“ und „AG Bioinformatik“) Methoden zur Schätzung von Referenzintervallen aus routinemäßig erhobenen Labordaten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit beschreiben wir ein visuelles Verfahren, das direkt auf einem Excel-Blatt ohne Programmierkenntnisse durchgeführt werden kann. Die Patientenwerte werden dafür in einem Punktediagramm gegen Quantile der Standardnormalverteilung aufgetragen (sog. QQ-Plot unter Verwendung der NORM.INV-Funktion von Excel). Falls die untersuchte Population vorwiegend nicht-kranke Personen mit annähernd normalverteilten Werten enthält, bilden deren Punkte eine Gerade. Häufig sind die Werte eher lognormalverteilt; dann erkennt man die Gerade nach Logarithmierung der Originalwerte. Werte, die nicht zur angenommenen theoretischen Verteilung passen, sind in dieser Darstellung durch eine Abweichung von der Geradenform gut erkennbar und können eliminiert werden. Aus den bereinigten Werten werden dann Mittelwert und Standardabweichung berechnet, um das Referenzintervall (μ±2σ) zu schätzen. Die Methode liefert mit simulierten Werten und Echtdaten plausible Ergebnisse. Mit steigendem Anteil von Werten, die nicht zum Modell passen, tendiert das Verfahren zur Unterschätzung der Standardabweichung. In allen Fällen, in denen der QQ-Plot keine eindeutige Gerade liefert, ist das vorgeschlagene Verfahren nicht anwendbar.
Two structurally related, hydrogen-bonded polymorphs of the zwitterionic complex trichlorido- ((dimethylphosphoryl)methanaminium-κO)zinc(II)
Authors: J. Reiss Guido
Published: November 2015

By the reaction of (dimethylphosphoryl)methanamine (
The affective tone of narration and posttraumatic growth in organ transplant recipients
Authors: Zięba Mariusz , Zatorski Mateusz , Boczkowska Marta , Gozdowska Jolanta , Kieszek Rafał , Laskowski Wojciech
Published: November 2015

The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that positive affective tone of narratives is connected to the experience of posttraumatic growth among transplant patients. Kidney transplant patients (N = 51) and liver transplant patients (N = 48) participated in the study. In the first stage, about 10 weeks after transplant, the participants told two stories about important, freely chosen events from their lives. During the second meeting 10-12 months later we measured posttraumatic growth. Results indicated that the affective tone of narratives about past events was associated with the level of post-traumatic growth measured 10-12 months later. This proves that the affective tone of narratives about life, understood as a relatively constant individual characteristic, promote posttraumatic growth.
Dream emotionality. Selected formal properties of dreams
Authors: Grzywacz Kinga
Published: November 2015

The aim of the study was to verify hypotheses about time changeability of dream characteristics depending on the participants’ age and affective value of the dream. The study was conducted online. Participants of the study were 68 individuals between the age of 17 and 85. The participants were asked to prepare detailed descriptions of their dreams, next they had to identify elements of the dreams, refer them to their real life, and assess their affective value. In the dreams of late adolescents, and young and middle-aged adults the most frequently recalled period in a positive context turned out to be late adolescence and early adulthood, whereas in a negative context the participants would recall their present developmental phase and the period of late childhood. Unpleasant dreams of older individuals were mainly connected with the period of middle adulthood, whereas those pleasant ones referred to various periods of their entire life.
Is your mood more contagious if you are likeable? The role of liking in the social induction of affect
Authors: Wróbel Monika , Królewiak Klara
Published: November 2015

In the present study, we explored the role of liking in the social induction of affect. Dispositional likeability was manipulated by written reports describing a sender as a likeable or dislikeable character. Afterwards participants watched short videos presenting the sender displaying happy or sad emotional expressions. We expected that exposure to the likeable sender would lead to reactions concordant with his emotional expression (assimilation), whereas exposure to the dislikeable sender would result in discordant reactions (contrast). The results indicated that dispositional likeability influenced the social induction of affect when the sender expressed positive emotions. Moreover, liking mediated the effects of the happy sender’s dispositional likeability on participants’ affective state. Exposure to the sad sender, however, led to assimilation regardless of the sender’s dispositional likeability.
Design and analysis of a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) metamaterial based antenna for wideband application
Authors: Islam Sikder Sunbeam , Alam Touhidul , Iqbal Faruque Mohammad Rashed , Islam Mohammad Tariqul
Published: November 2015

In this article, a compact complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) based double-negative (DNG) metamaterial antenna is presented for wideband (4.49 GHz–21.85 GHz) wireless application. The antenna is incorporated with a DNG metamaterial patch: 50Ω microstrip feed line and partial ground plane. The antenna shows measured fractional bandwidth of 131.81% with a compact size of 0.37λ×0.37λ×0.01λ. The commercially available finite integration technique (FIT)-based simulation software, computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio was adopted to investigate the performance of the proposed antenna. Several parametric studies were performed to investigate the effect of key structural parameters on antenna performances. The double-negative characteristics of the metamaterial were investigated as well.
Pile Model Tests Using Strain Gauge Technology
Authors: Krasiński Adam , Kusio Tomasz
Published: November 2015

Ordinary pile bearing capacity tests are usually carried out to determine the relationship between load and displacement of pile head. The measurement system required in such tests consists of force transducer and three or four displacement gauges. The whole system is installed at the pile head above the ground level. This approach, however, does not give us complete information about the pile-soil interaction. We can only determine the total bearing capacity of the pile, without the knowledge of its distribution into the shaft and base resistances. Much more information can be obtained by carrying out a test of instrumented pile equipped with a system for measuring the distribution of axial force along its core. In the case of pile model tests the use of such measurement is difficult due to small scale of the model.

To find a suitable solution for axial force measurement, which could be applied to small scale model piles, we had to take into account the following requirements:

- a linear and stable relationship between measured and physical values,

- the force measurement accuracy of about 0.1 kN,

- the range of measured forces up to 30 kN,

- resistance of measuring gauges against aggressive counteraction of concrete mortar and against moisture,

- insensitivity to pile bending,

- economical factor.

These requirements can be fulfilled by strain gauge sensors if an appropriate methodology is used for test preparation (Hoffmann [1]). In this paper, we focus on some aspects of the application of strain gauge sensors for model pile tests. The efficiency of the method is proved on the examples of static load tests carried out on SDP model piles acting as single piles and in a group.
Phosphanchalkogenide und ihre Metallkomplexe. III. Halogenierungsprodukte der Gold(I)komplexe Ph3PEAuX (E = S oder Se; X = Cl, Br oder I)
Authors: Taouss Christina , Jones Peter G. , Upmann Daniel , Bockfeld Dirk
Published: November 2015

The complexes Ph3PEAuI (E = S, Se; 1, 2) were obtained from the reaction of Ph3PEAuCl with KI; they are appreciably less stable than their chloro and bromo analogues. The X-ray structures were determined, whereby 1 proved to be contaminated by a small amount of Ph3PS·I2. Oxidation of 1 and 2 with elemental iodine led to the adducts Ph3PEAuI·0.5I2 (3 and 4), but X-ray investigation of a crystal initially assumed to be 3 proved it to be a 1:1 mixture of 3 with the adduct Ph3PS·1.5I2, while in 4 the iodine molecule was severely disordered, which prevented successful refinement of the structure. Decomposition of 4 by loss of gold led to Ph3PSeI2·1.5I2
4a. Complexes Ph3PEAuX (E = S, Se; X = Br, Cl) were oxidized by elemental bromine (X = Br) or PhICl2 (X = Cl) to Ph3PEAuX
3 (5, 6, 9, 10); none of these X-ray structures could be refined satisfactorily because of diffuse scattering phenomena. Further oxidation led to the ionic compounds [Ph3PEX]+ [AuX
4]– (X = Br, E = S, Se: 7, 8; X = Cl, E = S, 11) or [Ph3PSeCl]+ 0.5[Au4Cl10Se2]2– (12), containing the novel groupings P–E–X. X-ray structures confirmed the nature of all four of these compounds, which display longer P–E bonds than the gold(I) starting materials and short X···X and/or E···X contacts between cations and anions.
Eu2+-Containing Luminescent Perovskite-Type Hydrides Studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Authors: Kunkel Nathalie , Böttcher Rolf , Pilling Tilo , Kohlmann Holger , Pöppl Andreas
Published: November 2015

Metal hydrides exhibit interesting properties as hosts for
Eu(II) containing luminescent compounds due to the
nephelauxetic effect and the strong ligand field of the hydride
anion. In order to elucidate the lattice site symmetry of europium
dopants, Q-band and X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
spectra were collected on LiMH3 : Eu2+ and
LiMD3 : Eu2+ (M = Sr,
Ba) powders with europium concentrations between 0.0037 and
0.27 mol %. They show well resolved hyperfine splitting in
the central part of the spectra due to magnetic electron spin-nuclear
spin coupling of 151Eu and 153Eu, and are in
good agreement with simulated spectra based upon cubic site
symmetry. Spin Hamiltonian parameters were extracted by spectral
analysis and are reported. Low intensity rhombic spectra contributions
could be assigned to small amounts of MH2 : Eu2+
or the respective deuterides as impurities in the samples. The results
of this EPR investigation and size considerations suggest that
europium is divalent and occupies the alkaline earth metal (M)
positions in LiMH3 : Eu2+ and
LiMD3 : Eu2+ (M = Sr,
Ba).
Does power output vary accordingly with high load resistance training? - A comparative study between Bulk-up and Strength-up resistance training
Authors: Shibata Keisuke , Takizawa Kazuki , Mizuno Masao
Published: November 2015

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of six weeks of high-intensity resistance training on the power output of 14 university basketball players. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: a hypertrophy-oriented group (bulk-up) and a neuromuscular improvement oriented-group (strength-up). The bulk-up group performed three sets of squat exercises at 75% of 1RM with 10 repetitions and 1-minute rest period between sets. The strength-up group performed six sets of squat exercises at 90% of 1RM with four repetitions and 3-minute rest period between sets. Both groups performed the squat exercises twice a week over a period of six weeks. The one repetition maximum (1RM) and muscle power of the squat were measured before training (0-wk), after three weeks of training (3-wk), and after six weeks of training (6-wk). The thigh circumference of each subject was measured at 0-wk and 6-wk. It is found that the 1RM of the squat increases significantly after the training period for both groups, and the rate of improvement does not differ between the groups at 6-wk (bulk-up group: 13.1 ± 9.3%, strength-up group: 12.6 ± 6.3%). It is also found that there is a significant increase in the thigh circumference (p < 0.01) in the left leg for the bulk-up group. In contrast, there is a significant increase in the peak muscle power (POWmax) (p < 0.05) for the strength-up group. The rate of increase for POWmax is different even after three weeks of training (bulk-up group: -4.5 ± 9.6%, strength-up group: 13.9 ± 13.6%). The results suggest that the effects of resistance training on the power output and thigh circumference vary according to the training programme even if the total work load remains the same. It is recommended that strength-up resistance training is implemented to increase muscle power. 
Psychological profiles of Indonesian elite swimmers
Authors: Jannah Miftakhul , Prabandini Mulyana Olievia , Cholik Muthohir Toho
Published: November 2015

In Indonesia, sports psychology is one of the branches of psychology that plays a vital role in improving athletic performance and therefore, it is not confined within the boundaries of academic research. Even though a number of studies have been carried out in recent years on the psychological profiles of elite swimmers, there are only a few studies which provide empirical data on the psychological profiles of elite athletes. Owing to the importance of the relationship between the psychological characteristics and sports performance of athletes, the the objective of this study is to determine the psychological profiles of Indonesian elite swimmers. Two sets of factors are identified from a comprehensive literature review, namely motivational and emotional factors. However, based on the literature review, it is observed that the combination of motivational and emotional factors has not been investigated in most studies, particularly the relationship between these factors and the psychological characteristics of Indonesian elite swimmers. In this study, we identified the psychological characteristics of this specific group of athletes using personal interviews and focus group discussions with 14 Indonesian elite swimmers (comprising seven males and seven females) and eight coaches from the East Java Province. Based on the results, we conclude that that there are six psychological characteristics of Indonesian elite swimmers: (1) self-confidence, (2) optimism, (3) resilience, (4) hope, (5) emotional stability, and (6) motivation for achievement.
Effect of Catheter Dwell Time on Risk of Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection in Infants
Authors: Greenberg Rachel G. , Cochran Keith M. , Smith P. Brian , Edson Barbara S. , Schulman Joseph , Lee Henry C. , Govindaswami Balaji , Pantoja Alfonso , Hardy Doug , Curran John , Lin Della , Kuo Sheree , Noguchi Akihiko , Ittmann Patricia , Duncan Scott , Gupta Munish , Picarillo Alan , Karna Padmani , Cohen Morris , Giuliano Michael , Carroll Sheri , Page Brandi , Guzman-Cottrill Judith , Walker M. Whit , Garland Jeff , Ancona Janice K. , Ellsbury Dan L. , Laughon Matthew M. , McCaffrey Martin J.
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Central venous catheters in the NICU are associated with significant morbidity and mortality because of the risk of central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of catheter dwell time on risk of CLABSI.

METHODS:

Retrospective cohort study of 13 327 infants with 15 567 catheters (93% peripherally inserted central catheters [PICCs], 7% tunneled catheters) and 256 088 catheter days cared for in 141 NICUs. CLABSI was defined using National Health Surveillance Network criteria. We defined dwell time as the number of days from line insertion until either line removal or day of CLABSI. We generated survival curves for each week of dwell time and estimated hazard ratios for CLABSI at each week by using a Cox proportional hazards frailty model. We controlled for postmenstrual age and year, included facility as a random effect, and generated separate models by line type.

RESULTS:

Median postmenstrual age was 29 weeks (interquartile range 26–33). The overall incidence of CLABSI was 0.93 per 1000 catheter days. Increased dwell time was not associated with increased risk of CLABSI for PICCs. For tunneled catheters, infection incidence was significantly higher in weeks 7 and 9 compared with week 1.

CONCLUSIONS:

Clinicians should not routinely replace uninfected PICCs for fear of infection but should consider removing tunneled catheters before week 7 if no longer needed. Additional studies are needed to determine what daily maintenance practices may be associated with decreased risk of infection, especially for tunneled catheters.
Nontherapeutic Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Animal Agriculture: Implications for Pediatrics
Authors: Paulson Jerome A. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. ,   THE COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH,   THE COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Paulson Jerome A. , Ahdoot Samantha , Baum Carl R. , Bole Aparna , Brumberg Heather L. , Campbell Carla C. , Lanphear Bruce P. , Lowry Jennifer A. , Pacheco Susan E. , Spanier Adam J. , Trasande Leonardo , Byington Carrie L. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Davies H. Dele , Edwards Kathryn M. , Jackson Mary Anne , Murray Dennis L. , Nyquist Ann-Christine , Rathore Mobeen H. , Sawyer Mark H. , Schutze Gordon E. , Willoughby Rodney E. , Zaoutis Theoklis E.
Published: November 2015

This Technical Report was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2024-068467.

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious threats to public health globally and threatens our ability to treat infectious diseases. Antimicrobial-resistant infections are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Infants and children are affected by transmission of susceptible and resistant food zoonotic pathogens through the food supply, direct contact with animals, and environmental pathways. The overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents in veterinary and human medicine is, in large part, responsible for the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Approximately 80% of the overall tonnage of antimicrobial agents sold in the United States in 2012 was for animal use, and approximately 60% of those agents are considered important for human medicine. Most of the use involves the addition of low doses of antimicrobial agents to the feed of healthy animals over prolonged periods to promote growth and increase feed efficiency or at a range of doses to prevent disease. These nontherapeutic uses contribute to resistance and create new health dangers for humans. This report describes how antimicrobial agents are used in animal agriculture, reviews the mechanisms of how such use contributes to development of resistance, and discusses US and global initiatives to curb the use of antimicrobial agents in agriculture.
Respuestas fisiológicas de Theobroma cacao L. en etapa de vivero a la disponibilidad de agua en el suelo
Authors: Garcia Lozano Jairo , Moreno Fonseca Liz Patricia
Published: November 2015

En el estudio se evaluó el efecto del déficit de agua en el potencial hídrico foliar y el intercambio de gases de plantas de tres clones de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en etapa de vivero.  El experimento se estableció en un diseño de parcela dividida con arreglo de bloques aleatorizados y cinco repeticiones.  La parcela principal correspondió a cuatro niveles de agua disponible en el suelo y la subparcela a plántulas injerta-das de tres meses de edad.  Los resultados mostraron diferencias altamente significativas (P < 0.01) para los contenidos de agua en el suelo, pero no se encontraron diferencias entre los materiales evaluados.  La pérdida de agua en el suelo disminuyó el potencial hídrico foliar (Ψf) y ocasionó el cierre de estomas alte-rando el intercambio de gases.  El déficit de presión de vapor (DPV) se acentuó principalmente en horas del mediodía cuando aumentó la evapotranspiración.  La magnitud del impacto del déficit hídrico depende de las variaciones climáticas a lo largo del día.  Las variables climáticas que afectaron el desarrollo de la planta fueron la temperatura y la humedad relativa en forma de DPV.  La fotosíntesis neta y el crecimien-to de las plántulas de cacao son variables fisiológicas muy sensibles al exceso y especialmente al déficit de agua.
Saberes e fazeres docentes: uma reflexão sobre autonomia e sucesso no ensino superior
Authors: Sá Maria José , Ferreira Elisabete , Ramos Katia Maria da Cruz
Published: November 2015

Este trabalho tem como objetivo destacar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem no ensino superior (ES) como um espaço privilegiado para a (re)afirmação da autonomia acadêmica e construção da autonomia profissional. Para tanto, congrega uma reflexão sobre fatores que afetam o (in)sucesso de estudantes no ES e duas experiências formativas – uma que centra a atenção na relação estabelecida na supervisão de ensino como possibilidade de desencadear diálogos com o conhecimento autônomo, e outra que tem como foco a construção da profissionalidade docente de estudantes em processo de formação inicial, no âmbito do desafio da gestão compartilhada da organização do trabalho pedagógico. Nesse contexto, ao indiciar possibilidades da participação ativa na gestão da aula e alternativas de intervenção formativa, o estudo tem como horizonte contribuir na reflexão sobre saberes e fazeres docentes no âmbito da complexidade de se pensar o sucesso acadêmico do estudante em formação.
Ninguém tem a exclusividade do patrimônio humano e social. O movimento inclusivo
Authors: Gardou Charles
Published: November 2015

Diante da amplitude dos fenômenos de exclusão, o presente artigo utiliza como tema os fundamentos para a vida compartilhada. A partir dos princípios e exigências de uma sociedade inclusiva, pretende estabelecer uma outra visão do patrimônio humano e social, do qual frequentemente permanecem privados os mais frágeis. O argumento explicita o alcance das discriminações permanentemente reproduzidas, revelando as violações de direitos que sofrem, dentre outros desfavorecidos ou marginalizados, aqueles marcados pela deficiência – expressão das fragilidades. Ser inclusivo não é fazer inclusão, para corrigir a posteriori os danos das iniquidades, das categorizações e dos ostracismos. É redefinir e dar novamente sentido à vida social na comunidade, admitindo que cada um de é legatário do que a sociedade tem de mais precioso.
RIBEIRA: UM ESTUDO GEOHISTÓRICO DO BAIRRO DA ZONA LESTE DE NATAL-RN
Authors: Nascimento Gerson Gomes do
Published: November 2015

Este trabalho fez um estudo geohistórico da atual situação do bairro da Ribeira na Zona Leste de Natal-RN. Os procedimentos metodológicos aplicados foram bibliografia relacionada à temática abordada, trabalho in locus, aplicação de formulários com comerciantes do bairro com questões abertas bem como interpretação qualitativa dos dados. Concluímos que estes enfrentam vários problemas tais como: falta de segurança e estacionamento, perda de consumidores, falta de investimento em infraestrutura. Constatamos ainda que dentre as alternativas para revitalizar o bairro os comerciantes destacaram, a reestruturação de antigos prédios comerciais, a continuação e finalização de seu projeto de revitalização, estacionamento para os consumidores e mais segurança para os que li residem, trabalham e/ou consomem.
A PRODUÇÃO DE CASTANHA DE CAJU E A DINÂMICA SOCIOESPACIAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE CARAÚBAS – RN
Authors: Fernandes Larissa Vieira
Published: November 2015

A cultura do cajueiro começou a se desenvolver na zona rural do município de Caraúbas – RN na década de 1960. Observando a alta produção de caju, um grupo de empresários da cidade de Mossoró – RN instalou uma fábrica de beneficiamento da castanha de caju na zona urbana de Caraúbas denominada de Ademos Ferreira da Silva - Indústria, Comércio e Exportação (AFICEL). Após a instalação da unidade industrial, a vida urbana de Caraúbas foi dinamizada elevando-se o número de empregos gerados e a consequente indução do incremento na oferta dos serviços na cidade, como também, permitiu o surgimento de vários empreendimentos comerciais e a implantação da feira de confecção.  Desse modo, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a dinâmica socioespacial de Caraúbas – RN decorrente da atividade de produção de castanha de caju, no período compreendido entre os anos de 1980 e 2009. Para alcançarmos tal objetivo, fizemos uso de pesquisa bibliográfica, observações diretas na área de estudo, além da aplicação de formulários junto aos administradores da indústria de beneficiamento da castanha de caju, e aos agricultores que fornecem a matéria-prima. Com o estudo observou-se que a cajucultura e a fábrica de beneficiamento de castanha de caju contribuem significativamente para a atual dinâmica socioespacial do município de Caraúbas – RN
Einstein, Neutrinos and the Palestinian State
Authors: Barsky Robert F.
Published: November 2015

Albert Einstein may well be surprised to learn that neutrinos are apparently traveling faster than the speed of light, but he would be as surprised to learn that on the same day that discovery was announced, the Palestinian state finally moved towards formal recognition by the United Nations.
Comportamiento del consumidor infantil: recordación y preferencia de atributos sensoriales de marcas y productos para la lonchera en niños de Bogotá
Authors: Ortegón Cortázar Leonardo , Royo Vela Marcelo , Robayo Pinzón Óscar Javier
Published: November 2015

Los niños en la actualidad son un segmento muy importante para el mercadeo y la publicidad gracias a que pueden ser influenciados fácilmente. Estudios recientes sugieren que para cautivar a los niños es necesario crear experiencias únicas con las cuales se construya una relación sólida con las marcas, siendo la mejor alternativa construir diferentes experiencias sensoriales; cuantos más sentidos estimule la marca, mejor será la recordación y preferencia. En este sentido, se realizó una investigación respecto a las claves sensoriales que utilizan las marcas de productos para la lonchera en la población infantil; se diseñó una investigación combinando tres diferentes técnicas de recolección de información (observación mediante registro fotográfico, entrevistas grupales y una encuesta corta). Los resultados demuestran que existe una alta conciencia y familiaridad de marca, debido a historia de estimulación sensorial basada en el aprendizaje de las características físicas del producto y publicidad de las marcas, con lo cual se influencia la preferencia y fidelización de los consumidores infantiles.
Dos países paralelos: Colombia y México. Su visión diaria hacia un cambio en el diseño de la prensa
Authors: Frías Gómez Sandra Catalina , Frías Peña Julio
Published: November 2015

Este artículo de reflexión es una muestra de lo que la prensa en México y Colombia, ha sido desde sus inicios hasta la actualidad, porque no se puede llegar a una conclusión ni definitivamente a una solución, sin conocer lo que ha ocurrido. Así, lo que se pretende es comprender la relación que ha existido entre contenido e imagen y cómo la llamada evolución de la prensa ha logrado desplazar el texto en una noticia, dando prioridad y énfasis a la imagen hasta lograr un verdadero impacto con esta en el lector. A través de un minucioso estudio de periódicos, tanto mexicanos como colombianos, variadas consultas bibliográficas sobre la evolución de la prensa de ambos países y un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo, en determinados sectores de la sociedad de los dos territorios, se puede apreciar la necesidad o posibilidad de un cambio significativo en la prensa tanto a nivel de diseño como de contenido textual.
ARTERIAL ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AND MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM DISTURBANCES
Authors: Tatarchenko I. P. , Pozdnyakova N. V. , Mordovina A. G. , Morozova O. I.
Published: November 2015

Aim.To assess the role of vasomotor dysfunction and impaired flowdependent vasodilatation as a risk factor of silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2).

Material and methods.The study included 128 patients (66 men and 62 women; mean age 59,3±4,7 years), who underwent Holter ECG monitoring, stress test (Bruce protocol), echocardiography, vascular ultrasound, and brachial artery endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDVD) assessment.

Results.Patients with coronary heart disease and DM-2 demonstrated reduced EDVD levels (3,7±1,1%) and highly prevalent SMI (93,3%). There was a correlation between EDVD and the number (r=–0,68; p<0,05) or duration of SMI episodes (r=–0,53; p<0,01).

Conclusion.Patients with DM-2 require the assessment of vasomotor endothelial function in order to predict cardiovascular complications. Coronary artery endothelial dysfunction, which manifests in inadequate vasodilatation in response to increased myocardial demand for oxygen, plays an important role in the ischemia development and progression.
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PATIENTS AT THE AMBULATORY VISIT TO THE INTERNAL MEDICINE SPECIALIST
Authors: Vertkin A. L. , Algiyan E. A.
Published: November 2015

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most pertinent problems in internal medicine, primarily due to its severe thrombotic complications, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary artery and thromboembolism, and their medical and economic consequences. This emphasises the importance of the detection of risk factors relevant to prognosis and of the effective and safe long-term preventive treatment with anticoagulants, particularly for ambulatory patients. At the moment, the focus is on the so-called new oral anticoagulants which demonstrate a range of benefits, compared to indirect anticoagulants.
INTERRELATION BETWEEN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND TELOMERE BIOLOGY WITH THE SIGNS OF VASCULAR AGING
Authors: Kruglikova A. S. , Strajesko I. D. , Tkacheva O. N. , Akasheva D. U. , Plokhova E. V. , Pykhtina V. S. , Dudinskaya E. V. , Isaykina O. Yu. , Sharashkina N. V. , Ozerova I. N. , Vygodin V. A. , Gomyranova N. V.
Published: November 2015

Aim.To study interrelationship between cardiovascular risk factors and cellular and vascular aging processes. Material and methods. Totally 136 patients were included having no signs of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes 2nd type and receiving no drug therapy, but with one or several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (smoking, arterial hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, fasting hyperglycemia). The telomere length and telomerase activity was measured by polymerase chain reaction. The thickness of intima-media complex (TIMC) and presence of atherosclerotic plaques (ASP) were measured by duplex scanning of right and left carotid arteries. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured by applanation tonometry. Biochemical tests done by standard.

Results.PWV significantly correlated with age, body mass index, glycosilated hemoglobin level, fasting glycemia and telomere length. Presence of ASP and increased TIMC significantly correlated with age, body mass index, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia.Conclusion.Increase of arterial wall stiffness and subclinical atherosclerotic disease have different causes. The level of PWV more linked with carbohydrate metabolism disorder, and TIMC and ASP are linked with lipid disorders.
SPECIFICS OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND PARAMETERS OF ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Kurdanova M. Kh. , Umetov M. A. , Beslaneev I. A. , Batyrbekova L. M. , Kurdanov Kh. A.
Published: November 2015

Aim. Investigation of heart rate variability parameters (HRV), α- & β-rhythms of electroencephalography (EEG) and their interrelations in patients with arterial hypertension (AH).

Material and methods. Totally 55 persons studied at the age 35-64 y.o. – 35 pts. with AH 2 stage and 20 healthy volunteers. All patients underwent clinical examination, including HRV and EEG. The HRVs were determined in frequency field of shared specter (SS) — VLF, LF, HF and static values – dynamic digits SDNN, SDANN and CV etc. EEG was done at 21-lead pattern with mono- and bipolar electrodes. The data obtained was processed by the parametric and nonparametric statistics software.

Results. HRV parameters — SS, VLF, LF and SNDD were significantly decreased in the group of AH patients. Among HRV parameters (TP, VLF, LF, HF) and frequency and amplitude EEG values were found correlational linkages more prominent in AH patients.

Conclusion. The data obtained witnesses close interconnections and relationships of HRV, bioelectricity of the brain and hemodynamic in patients with AH.
METABOLIC EFFECTS OF ADIPONECTINE
Authors: Mitroshina E. V. , Verbovoy A. F.
Published: November 2015

The metabolic effects of adiponectine are discussed and its possible role in the development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus 2nd type, atherosclerosis; prognostic significance of adiponectine as a marker for ischemic heart disease and future cardiovascular events, therapeutical perspectives of adiponectine use.
Masticatory Rehabilitation of a Patient with Cleft Lip and Palate Malformation Using a Maxillary Full-Arch Reconstruction with a Prefabricated Fibula Flap
Authors: Nkenke Emeka , Vairaktaris Elefterios , Schlittenbauer Tilo , Eitner Stephan
Published: November 2015

For full-arch reconstruction of an atrophied cleft maxilla with missing premaxilla, a prefabricated microvascular free bony flap is a relevant option. A fibula flap was prefabricated in a cleft patient who received six dental implants and an epithelial layer. Six weeks later, maxillary reconstruction was performed. The inpatient period could be confined to 2 weeks. A fixed provisional prosthesis was delivered after an additional 2 weeks. A prefabricated flap allows for the reduction of the interval without a dental prosthesis to only a few weeks, even when a complex full-arch reconstruction of the maxilla is required.
Lateral Soft Palate Growth Deficiency: Case Report and Therapeutic Management
Authors: Dongyuan Luo , Yiyang Chen , Fan Li , Jiansuo Hao
Published: November 2015

We report the case of a girl with syndromic cleft palate, probably as part of a first branchial arch syndrome, who was unique in having almost complete unilateral aplasia of the soft palate. Rather than using soft tissue transplants or a prosthesis, we pioneered the use of a modified Furlow technique, which proved to be simple to perform, effective, and safe.
Inhibitor of NFκB Kinase Subunit 2 Blockade Hinders the Initiation but Aggravates the Progression of Crescentic GN
Authors: Gotot Janine , Piotrowski Eveline , Otte Martin S. , Tittel André P. , Linlin Guo , Yao Chen , Ziegelbauer Karl , Panzer Ulf , Garbi Natalio , Kurts Christian , Thaiss Friedrich
Published: November 2015

The NFκB transcription factor family facilitates the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, which are important for protective adaptive immunity. Inappropriate activation of these immune cells may cause inflammatory disease, and NFκB inhibitors are promising anti–inflammatory drug candidates. Here, we investigated whether inhibiting the NFκB–inducing kinase IKK2 can attenuate crescentic GN, a severe DC– and Th cell–dependent kidney inflammatory disease. Prophylactic pharmacologic IKK2 inhibition reduced DC and Th cell activation and ameliorated nephrotoxic serum–induced GN in mice. However, therapeutic IKK2 inhibition during ongoing disease aggravated the nephritogenic immune response and disease symptoms. This effect resulted from the renal loss of regulatory T cells, which have been shown to protect against crescentic GN and which require IKK2. In conclusion, although IKK2 inhibition can suppress the induction of nephritogenic immune responses in vivo, it may aggravate such responses in clinically relevant situations, because it also impairs regulatory T cells and thereby, unleashes preexisting nephritogenic responses. Our findings argue against using IKK2 inhibitors in chronic GN and perhaps, other immune–mediated diseases.