bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When brands behave badly: signaling and spillover effects of unethical behavior in the context of triple bottom line sustainability
Authors: Nichols Bridget Satinover , Kirchoff Jon Frederick , Confente Ilenia , Stolze Hannah
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The triple bottom line of sustainability performance is well known; however, little research links it to consumer brand perceptions and intentions. This is important because consumers believe that brands should develop sustainability strategies and conduct business in ways that support those strategies. Using the theoretical lenses of signaling theory and spillover effects, this study aims to examine the impact of negative messages about brands’ triple bottom line sustainability activities on consumer perceived brand ethicality, perceived product quality and purchase interest.

Design/methodology/approach

This research includes two lab experiments with the US participants.

Findings

When brands have sustainability failures, consumers feel the firm is less ethical, its products are lower in quality and purchase interest suffers – regardless how the failure relates to the triple bottom line (environmental, social or economic). These effects are moderated by brand familiarity and the message source. Brand familiarity seems to protect a firm’s ethicality image as does when the information comes from a corporate source, contrary to the prevalent literature.

Originality/value

Unlike most sustainability research, this study provides comparison effects across all three dimensions of the triple bottom line. In doing so, this study highlights nuances in how consumers connect brands’ sustainability-related activities with perceptions about ethics and brand expectations. This research also contextualizes the findings through brand familiarity and message source and contributes to the growing body of literature on sustainability branding.
Assessing the notion of art as a product: entrepreneurial marketing insights from the visual arts
Authors: Fillis Ian , Lehman Kim , Wickham Mark
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the notion of art as a product. This paper develops a detailed understanding of how established visual artists engage with the notion in their art making and market interactions, drawing insight from the longitudinal debate on the essence of art, including its connection with entrepreneurial marketing.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors uses a conceptual framework involving artists’ and other stakeholders’ philosophical positions, artists’ career stages, reputation (including branding), market associations and the forms of value generated by artists and consumers to help shape their qualitative research design involving in-depth interviews with 16 established Australian artists. NVivo software aided data analysis to improve theory building.

Findings

Market orientation, entrepreneurial market creation, co-creation, co-production activities and sharing value among interested stakeholders are important factors in viewing art as a commercial product. Sustainable value creation is also crucial. Key emergent themes were motivation to create, engagement with the market and artists’ attitudes towards art as a product. This paper identifies a fluidity in the relationship between an artist and their art.

Research limitations/implications

Co-creation, co-production and sharing value among interested stakeholders are important factors as are market orientation versus entrepreneurial market creation activities. Sustainable value creation is also crucial. Key emergent themes were motivation to create, engagement with the market and artists’ attitudes towards art as a product.

Practical implications

Established artists have made a conscious decision to engage, or otherwise with the marketplace. This research uncovers the merits of adopting a product approach in engaging with the market and artist centred creation which avoids marketplace interaction.

Originality/value

This research has the potential to contribute to policy decision-making in the sector and in stimulating future comparative research. There are wider implications for the cultural and creative industries where entrepreneurial market creation can stimulate creativity and innovation.
Workplace learning strategies, enablers, and challenges in the context of digital innovation
Authors: Lee Wei Ching , Tan Bernard Cheng Yian
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to scrutinise individual learning strategies in their workplace when they were experiencing digital innovation. Moreover, the respective enablers and challenges of each category of strategies were explored to conceptualise supporting features needed in the digital learning environment.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a qualitative inquiry to understand employees’ workplace learning strategies and the respective enablers, and challenges in each category of strategies. Twenty employees across different industries were interviewed, and a two-cycle inductive coding analysis was adopted to identify the categories of learning strategies.

Findings

Four categories of workplace learning strategies were identified: self-driven, social-leveraged, enterprise-oriented and information and technology-enhanced (IT-enhanced) strategies. Enablers and challenges of each category were also presented in this study.

Practical implications

The findings provide insights for individuals to establish a repertoire of learning strategies. The inadequate use of IT-enhanced strategies is additionally addressed.

Originality/value

This study examined workplace learning strategies in the context of digital innovation. Based on the empirical findings and existing literature, this study proposes a framework with the supporting features for a digital learning environment.
The effect of diversification on company value during a global health crisis: evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fruehling Niklas , Beyer Hans-Martin , Goeddeke Anna
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The authors study the valuation effect of corporate diversification in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 in Europe.

Design/methodology/approach

Applying a cross-sectional regression model to a sample of public companies headquartered in the European Union, the authors investigate the existence of and the change in a diversification discount between 2018 and 2020. By applying the Excess Q methodology, the authors make an industry adjustment of diversified companies to measure the value effect of corporate diversification.

Findings

The authors find an economically and statistically significant diversification discount that increases from an average Excess Q of −0.05 in 2019 to −0.10 in 2020. The diversified companies' inferior fundamental financial performance in 2020 accompanies the discount. The results deviate from those of previous research, which mostly show a decrease in the diversification discount in economic crises, and thereby, shed doubt on whether diversification provides insurance against pandemic-induced adverse value effects.

Originality/value

The study distinguishes the role of corporate diversification during recessionary periods by establishing that the valuation effect of diversification depends on the nature of the crisis. The analysis incorporates criticism of previous studies concerning a biased methodology and uniform data source by applying the Excess Q methodology and using FactSet industry segment data.
An exploration of the implementation of peer work across multiple fields in Ireland
Authors: Mahon Daryl , Sharek Danika
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Peer support work is increasingly becoming part of the delivery of health and social care services. However, in an Irish context, there is a paucity of research in this area. This study aims to investigate the experiences of peers and other key stakeholders across four sectors in Ireland.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative interviews (N = 35) were conducted with key respondents in mental health, substance use, migrant health and homelessness sectors. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and reported using an ecological framework.

Findings

Peer work is a slowly emerging area of practice, although mental health is further ahead in this journey. Findings suggest that peers are important additions to service delivery but also have various support and development needs. Organisations can encourage and support peers into employment through enacting human resource policy and practices, effective supervision, management and maintaining a positive working culture. Helping other professionals to understand the peer role and how it can function within the wider team is highlighted. National policy and governance structures can also support the emergence of the peer role, which exists in a highly complex arena.

Research limitations/implications

Peers can play a meaningful role in supporting service users in four sectors of health and social care in Ireland. Structures and processes to help embed these roles into systems are encouraged across micro, meso and macro levels. Implications and limitations are discussed for moving forward with peer work.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to include these four areas of practice simultaneously.
The role of communication in open innovation processes: an action research study in the automotive industry
Authors: Yáñez-Galdames María Jesús  , Alfaro-Tanco José A. , Gutiérrez-García Elena
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This study aims to identify the main barriers and drivers that influence the role of communication in open innovation (OI) activities, and how these can support and enhance the innovative capacity of companies in the automotive industry. In order to get this, we carry out in an assembly plant of an automotive firm.

Design/methodology/approach

An action research study is carried out with the participation of the researchers, the Innovation and Communication managers of the assembly plant and four external stakeholders who have participated in OI dynamics carried out by the company.

Findings

It is observed that collaborative practices are integrated within the culture of the assembly plant. This is carried out according to the specific needs of the company, which limits the specificity of the stakeholders with which it collaborates. In terms of communication, the proposed functions are evidenced in practice. However, it is advisable to systematize these functions and to acquire, in the case of communication professionals, specific skills to support the integration of open practices.

Originality/value

Although studies exist that analyze OI in the automotive process, none have focused on how communication may help reinforce it. In addition, this study shows how communication may play a significant role in an assembly plant where research and development activities may not be important. Thus, the contribution of this study is twofold. On the one hand, it enriches the literature on OI; on the other hand, it proposes policies to improve the performance of OI practices by involving communication at all stages.
Natural dyeing mediated by atmospheric air pressure plasma treatment of polyester
Authors: Vankar Padma S. , Gangwar Archana
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to check the effectivity of plasma in the natural dyeing of polyester fabric using four natural dyes – Turkey red, Lac, Turmeric and Catechu using plasma and alum mordant. The surface modification on the polyester fabric by plasma along with the use of benign mordant alum is studied. The enhancement of dyeability in polyester fabric with natural dyes is the main focus. Due to surface modification, the wettability increases, which leads to better dye uptake. Better dye uptake and better dye adherence are the main objectives.

Design/methodology/approach

Plasma-mediated natural dyeing is the main design of this research work. The effect of plasma treatment on surface modification of synthetic fabric polyester and its subsequent effects on their dyeing with different natural dyes, namely, Turkey red, Lac, Turmeric and Catechu are studied. The dyeability was further enhanced by the use of alum as mordant. The main focus is on the betterment of natural dyeing of polyester fabric using sustainable natural dyes resources for dyeing and to reduce wastewater contamination from the usage of toxic additive chemicals for cleaner production.

Findings

Plasma-mediated and alum-mordanted dyeing method facilitated very good dyeability of all the four natural dyes, namely, Turkey red, Lac, Turmeric and Catechu. Color strength (K/S) values and fastness properties of plasma-treated samples were far better than untreated samples. The synergistic effect of plasma and alum mordanting has made natural dyeing of polyester very easy with very good fastness results. Natural dyeing of polyester after 2 min of plasma treatment showed excellent and desirable results. The process is also easy to be adapted by industries.

Research limitations/implications

As polyester is hydrophobic, natural dyeing of polyester fabric is not very easy, but with plasma-mediated natural dyeing, it becomes a very facile dyeing method; thus, there are no limitations. Use of plasma has reduced the need for any chemical additives which are usually added during the dyeing process.

Practical implications

This process of natural dyeing of polyester fabric can be scaled up to industrial dyeing with natural dyes. Plasma pretreatment of the fabric followed by premordanting with alum has facilitated the natural dyeing well.

Social implications

Use of plasma in place of chemical modifiers can be a green and environmentally friendly approach for sustainable coloration of polyester fabric, providing a clean wet processing for textiles dyeing.

Originality/value

The synergistic effect of plasma-mediated and alum-mordanted natural dyeing of polyester has not been attempted by any researcher. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is for the first time that pretreatment with atmospheric plasma followed by alum mordanting of polyester fabric has shown very good dye uptake and fastness properties as the dye molecules could penetrate well after 2 min of the plasma treatment.
Investigation on the mechanical performance of mono-material vs multi-material interface geometries using fused filament fabrication
Authors: Dairabayeva Damira , Perveen Asma , Talamona Didier
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Currently on additive manufacturing, extensive research is directed toward mitigating the main challenges associated with multi-material in fused filament fabrication which has a weak bonding strength between dissimilar materials. Low interfacial bonding strength leads to defects, anisotropy and temperature gradient in materials which negatively impact the mechanical performance of the multi-material prints. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of different interface geometry designs in terms of the mechanical properties of the specimens.

Design/methodology/approach

Tensile test specimens were printed using: mono-material without a boundary interface, mono-material with the interface geometries (Face-to-face; U-shape; T-shape; Dovetail; Encapsulation; Mechanical interlocking; and Overlap) and multi-material with the interface geometries. The materials chosen with high and low compatibility were Tough polylactic acid (PLA) and TPU.

Findings

The main results of this study indicate that the interface geometries with the mechanical constriction between materials provide better structural integrity to the specimens. Moreover, in the case of the mono-material parts, the most effective interface design was the mechanical interlocking for both Tough PLA and TPU. On the other hand, in the case of multi-material specimens, the encapsulation showed the highest ultimate tensile strength, whereas the overlap and T-shape presented more robust bonding.

Originality/value

This study examines the mechanical performance, particularly tensile strength, strain at break, Young’s modulus and yield strength of different interface designs which were not studied in the previous studies.
Restraining Political Passion: Medals of the Birmingham Political Union and the 1832 Reform Act
Authors: Love Kerry
Published: February 2023

The Birmingham Political Union ‘of the Lower and Middle Classes of the People,’ was formed by Thomas Attwood and others in 1829, becoming one of the largest organisations to strive for parliamentary reform during the period leading up to the 1832 Reform Act. This article seeks to explore the role material objects had within the Union's activities, focusing on medals given to Union members and the ideologies that they manifested. Although the low subscription cost maximised the extent to which they represented the lower classes, the language used by Attwood and union leadership suggests that they only managed this class union by emphasising a restrained, moral representation of constitutionalism. The medal was a part of their exploitation of a form of nationalism that sought to operate within existing political structures. It pushed for limited reform, creating the illusion of political participation for the lower classes through material gifts associated with honour, respectability and morality that also reinforced the Union hierarchy. The interpretation of the design by other medallists and similarities with the medals produced for the 1867 Reform Act suggest the Birmingham Political Union held a place within a long political tradition that adhered to the same values that they espoused. Far from advocating radical sentiments, the language and motifs were designed to assimilate the rowdier classes by promoting nationalism and constitutionalism designed to be palatable for the Union's middle‐class supporters, acting to channel lower‐class political passion and maximise local support for the 1832 Reform Act.
Modelling the physiological status of yeast during wine fermentation enables the prediction of secondary metabolism
Authors: Moimenta Artai R. , Henriques David , Minebois Romain , Querol Amparo , Balsa‐Canto Eva
Published: February 2023

Saccharomyces non‐cerevisiae yeasts are gaining momentum in wine fermentation due to their potential to reduce ethanol content and achieve attractive aroma profiles. However, the design of the fermentation process for new species requires intensive experimentation. The use of mechanistic models could automate process design, yet to date, most fermentation models have focused on primary metabolism. Therefore, these models do not provide insight into the production of secondary metabolites essential for wine quality, such as aromas. In this work, we formulate a continuous model that accounts for the physiological status of yeast, that is, exponential growth, growth under nitrogen starvation and transition to stationary or decay phases. To do so, we assumed that nitrogen starvation is associated with carbohydrate accumulation and the induction of a set of transcriptional changes associated with the stationary phase. The model accurately described the dynamics of time series data for biomass and primary and secondary metabolites obtained for various yeast species in single culture fermentations. We also used the proposed model to explore different process designs, showing how the addition of nitrogen could affect the aromatic profile of wine. This study underlines the potential of incorporating yeast physiology into batch fermentation modelling and provides a new means of automating process design.
Effect of different sealer activation techniques on dentinal tubule penetration
Authors: Keles Ahmet , Askerbeyli Ors Sevinc , Purali Nuhan , Kucukkaya Eren Selen
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different activation techniques on dentin tubule penetration of root canal sealer. Seventy‐five teeth with single canals were chemomechanically prepared. A calcium silicate‐based sealer was stained with a fluorescent dye (rhodamine B), placed into the canals and activated according to the following groups: control (no activation), EDDY, EndoActivator, ultrasonic and XP‐Endo Finisher. Then, the samples were obturated. The percentages of sealer penetration at various depth levels of root sections were measured with confocal laser scanning microscopy. XP‐Endo Finisher presented the highest penetration at 50 μm (p < 0.05). XP‐Endo Finisher showed similar penetration with EDDY at 100 and 200 μm (p > 0.05) while presented higher penetration than the other groups (p < 0.05). At 500 μm, XP‐Endo Finisher presented higher penetration than EndoActivator (p < 0.05) while similar penetration with the other groups (p > 0.05). XP‐Endo Finisher can be recommended for activation during sealer placement for better penetration into dentin tubules.
Designing family‐based interventions in kidney failure: The perspectives of the triad 'patients on haemodialysis/family caregivers/healthcare professionals
Authors: Sousa Helena , Ribeiro Oscar , Christensen Alan J. , Figueiredo Daniela
Published: February 2023

Objectives

This study explored the perspectives of people undergoing in‐centre haemodialysis, family caregivers, and healthcare professionals about the development and implementation of family‐based interventions in renal care settings.

Design

A qualitative exploratory study was carried out combining purposive and snowball sampling techniques.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were submitted to thematic analysis.

Results

A total of 82 individuals (27 adults on haemodialysis, 32 family caregivers, and 23 healthcare professionals) participated in this study. Five major themes were identified: (i) educational needs (improve disease and treatment‐related knowledge; acquire better clarification on dialysis‐related health behaviours); (ii) support needs (easier access to available community resources and professional psychological support; additional emotional and instrumental support from family members); (iii) expected barriers (concerns about participating in a group format; availability of the person on haemodialysis/family caregiver dyad; travel to the intervention site and associated costs); (iv) expected benefits (mutual emotional validation and support; improve family coping skills and involvement); and (v) preferences for content and format (interdisciplinary and moderated by health psychologists) and timing of the intervention (weekends and/or non‐dialysis days).

Conclusions

Findings suggested that interventions focused on the family system in kidney failure need to follow an interdisciplinary approach, combining psychosocial support with an educational component. Future research is needed to minimize barriers to the conjoint participation of the person on haemodialysis/caregiver dyad. This study identifies important intervention goals to inform the design of family‐based interventions for people receiving haemodialysis and their family caregivers.
Human dimensions of grizzly bear conservation: The social factors underlying satisfaction and coexistence beliefs in Montana, USA
Authors: Nesbitt Holly K. , Metcalf Alexander L. , Metcalf Elizabeth Covelli , Costello Cecily M. , Roberts Lori L. , Lewis Mike S. , Gude Justin A.
Published: February 2023

Coexistence between large carnivores and humans is a global conservation concern. Montana (USA) is home to recovering grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations and increasing human–grizzly interactions. In 2019, we administered a survey of Montanans to investigate factors influencing normative beliefs about grizzly bear population sizes and quantify the relationship between these beliefs and satisfaction with grizzly management in the state. Using a linear regression (r2 = .61), we found that residents with positive attitudes and emotional dispositions toward grizzlies or who trusted the agency were more likely to believe grizzly populations were too low. Residents who believed hunting should be used to manage conflict, were themselves hunters, had vicarious wildlife experience with property damage, believed grizzly populations were expanding, or were older were more likely to believe populations were too high. We found a negative quadratic relationship between normative grizzly bear population size beliefs and satisfaction with management, suggesting an optimal “Goldilocks” zone where coexistence is most possible. In practice, if observed Goldilocks zones are incompatible with population numbers required to meet conservation goals, considering factors influencing these beliefs may help bolster acceptance of larger population sizes.
Dupilumab zur Behandlung von Genodermatosen: Eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Wu Po‐Chien , Dai Ying‐Xiu , Li Chia‐Lun , Chen Chih‐Chiang , Chang Yun‐Ting , Ma Sheng‐Hsiang
Published: February 2023

Dupilumab greift in die Signalwege von IL‐4 und IL‐13 ein und wird erfolgreich zur Behandlung der atopischen Dermatitis eingesetzt. Genodermatosen wie das Netherton‐Syndrom, die Epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa und das Hyper‐IgE‐Syndrom sind Th2‐vermittelte Erkrankungen mit Aktivierung einer Typ‐2‐Entzündung. In dieser systematischen Übersicht haben wir die therapeutische Rolle von Dupilumab bei der Behandlung von Genodermatosen untersucht. Dazu wurden die Datenbanken PubMed, Embase, Web of Science und Cochrane seit ihrer Einführung bis zum 13. Dezember 2021 systematisch durchsucht. Die Übersicht umfasst Studien mit relevanten Begriffen, einschließlich „Dupilumab“, „Genodermatose“, „Netherton‐Syndrom“, „Ichthyose“, „Epidermolysis bullosa“ und „Hyper‐IgE‐Syndrom“. Die anfängliche Suche ergab 2888 Treffer; davon wurden 28 Studien und 37 Patienten mit Genodermatosen eingeschlossen. Zu den beurteilten Genodermatosen gehörten Netherton‐Syndrom, Epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa, Hyper‐IgE‐Syndrom, Morbus Hailey‐Hailey und schwere Ekzeme im Zusammenhang mit genetischen Erkrankungen. Die meisten der beschriebenen Fälle zeigten eine signifikante klinische Verbesserung nach Einleitung der Dupilumab‐Behandlung ohne wesentliche unerwünschte Ereignisse. Zudem wurden eine Verringerung der Immunglobulin‐E‐Spiegel und eine Normalisierung der Zytokinspiegel dokumentiert. Zusammenfassend hat Dupilumab möglicherweise eine therapeutische Rolle bei bestimmten Genodermatosen mit einer abnormal gesteigerten Typ‐2‐T‐Helfer‐Immunität (Th2), einschließlich Netherton‐Syndrom, Epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa, Hyper‐IgE‐Syndrom, Morbus Hailey‐Hailey und schweren Ekzemen bei genetischen Erkrankungen.
Surgical treatment of recurrent subvalvular discrete membrane and left ventricular outflow tract stenosis in an adult patient with a history of congenital cardiac surgery
Authors: Kahraman Nail , Topal Dursun , Coşkun Gültekin , Tiryakioğlu Selma Kenar , Topal Serra , Altunal Ayşe Merve , Binicier Nöfel Ahmet , Demir Deniz
Published: February 2023

Left ventricular outflow stenosis can develop at the supravalvular, valvular, and subvalvular levels. Resection of strictures at the diffuse subvalvular level is very difficult. In such pathologies, Konno‐Rastan procedure provides very successful solutions as an anterior aortoventriculoplasty method. In this article, we performed anterior aortaventriculoplasty surgical treatment for tunnel type left ventricular outflow tract stenosis, recurrent subvalvular discrete membrane, and aortic regurgitation in an adult patient with a history of partial atrioventricular septal defect repair and subvalvular discrete membrane resection operation in early childhood. The Konno‐Rastan procedure, which we applied to the redo case, which is rarely used in adult patients and rarely seen in the literature, is shared.
Secondary prevention after intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Toffali Maddalena , Carbone Federico , Fainardi Enrico , Morotti Andrea , Montecucco Fabrizio , Liberale Luca , Padovani Alessandro
Published: February 2023

Background

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) has high mortality in the acute phase and poor functional outcome in the majority of survivors. ICH recurrence is a major determinant of long‐term prognosis and is the most feared complication of antithrombotic treatment. On the other hand, ICH patients are at high risk of future ischaemic vascular events.

Methods

This narrative review provides a critical analysis of the current knowledge on the topic. We performed a Pubmed search with the following terms ‘intracerebral haemorrhage’, ‘stroke’, ‘outcome’, ‘secondary prevention’, ‘anticoagulation’ and ‘atrial fibrillation’, including only English written studies with no time restrictions.

Results

Blood pressure management is the cornerstone of secondary ICH prevention, regardless of ICH location or underlying cerebral small vessel disease. Resumption of antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy is often challenging, with limited evidence from randomized trials. Clinical and imaging predictors can inform the stratification of ICH recurrence risk and might identify patients at very high probability of future haemorrhagic events. This narrative review provides a summary of the main diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies available for secondary prevention in ICH survivors.

Conclusion

Appropriate recognition and treatment of modifiable risk factors for ICH recurrence might improve outcomes in ICH survivors. Ongoing randomized trials might provide novel insights and improve long‐term management.
Editorial policy of Economic Notes—1993–1998
Authors: Vercelli Alessandro
Published: February 2023

The context had radically changed when Economic Notes entered its third decade of activity. Specifically, the 1990s seemed to carry along a wave of conformity and of endangered pluralism in economic thought behind the mounting neoliberal economics mainstream. This paper reviews how the task of preserving pluralism in economic thought was resolutely pursued at Monte dei Paschi's publishing venture by placing the Journal on impartial grounds and keeping the door open to diversity.
Lifecycle climate impact and primary energy use of electric and biofuel cargo trucks
Authors: Sathre Roger , Gustavsson Leif
Published: February 2023

Heavy trucks contribute significantly to climate change, and in 2020 were responsible for 7% of total Swedish GHG emissions and 5% of total global CO2emissions. Here we study the full lifecycle of cargo trucks powered by different energy pathways, comparing their biomass feedstock use, primary energy use, net biogenic and fossil CO2emission and cumulative radiative forcing. We analyse battery electric trucks with bioelectricity from stand‐alone or combined heat and power (CHP) plants, and pathways where bioelectricity is integrated with wind and solar electricity. We analyse trucks operated on fossil diesel fuel and on dimethyl ether (DME). All energy pathways are analysed with and without carbon capture and storage (CCS). Bioelectricity and DME are produced from forest harvest residues. Forest biomass is a limited resource, so in a scenario analysis we allocate a fixed amount of biomass to power Swedish truck transport. Battery lifespan and chemistry, the technology level of energy supply, and the biomass source and transport distance are all varied to understand how sensitive the results are to these parameters. We find that pathways using electricity to power battery electric trucks have much lower climate impacts and primary energy use, compared to diesel‐ and DME‐based pathways. The pathways using bioelectricity with CCS result in negative emissions leading to global cooling of the earth. The pathways using diesel and DME have significant and very similar climate impact, even with CCS. The robust results show that truck electrification and increased renewable electricity production is a much better strategy to reduce the climate impact of cargo transport than the adoption of DME trucks, and much more primary energy efficient. This climate impact analysis includes all fossil and net biogenic CO2emissions as well as the timing of these emissions. Considering only fossil emissions is incomplete and could be misleading.
Anatomical site and size of sentinel lymph node metastasis predicted additional axillary tumour burden and breast cancer survival
Authors: Lai Billy Shui‐Wun , Tsang Julia Y , Li Joshua J , Poon Ivan K , Tse Gary M
Published: February 2023

Aims

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is the current standard assessment for tumour burden in axillary lymph node (ALN). However, not all SLN+ patients have ALN metastasis. The prognostic implication of SLN features is not clear. We aimed to evaluate predictive factors for ALN metastasis and the clinical value of SLN features.

Methods and results

A total of 228 SLN+ and 228 SLN– (with matched year and grade) cases were included. Clinicopathological features in SLN, ALN and primary tumours, treatment data and survival data were analysed according to ALN status and outcome. Except for larger tumour size and the presence of LVI (both P < 0.001), no significant differences were found in SLN– and SLN+ cases. Only 31.8% of SLN+ cases with ALN dissection had ALN metastasis. The presence of macrometastases (MaM), extranodal extension (ENE), deeper level of tumour invasion in SLN and more SLN+ nodes were associated with ALN metastasis (P ≤ 0.025). Moreover, isolated tumour cells (ITC) and level of tumour invasion in SLN were independent adverse prognostic features for disease‐free survival and breast cancer‐specific survival, respectively. Interestingly, cases with ITC located in the subcapsular region have better survival than those in cortex (OS: χ2 = 4.046, P = 0.044).

Conclusions

Our study identified features in SLN, i.e. the level of tumour invasion at SLN and tumour size in SLN as useful predictors for both ALN metastasis and breast cancer outcome. The presence of ITC, particularly those with a deeper invasion in SLN, portended a worse prognosis. Proper attention should be taken for their management.
Hydrogeochemistry and geothermometry of the Ilgın geothermal field, Central Turkey
Authors: Bayram Ali Ferat
Published: February 2023

The Ilgın geothermal field that is the oldest and most important spa of the Konya Region is located in Central Turkey. The Ilgın geothermal field has five geothermal wells and three hot water springs with flow rates of 40–130 L/s, temperatures 26–42°C and depths of 120–300 m. In the present study, detailed hydrogeochemical investigations are carried out to understand the geothermal energy potential of the thermal waters. The chemical properties of the cold and hot waters collected from the field were determined and the classification and usage possibilities of the waters were investigated. The thermal well water samples have the same Cl, B and Li concentrations in rainy and dry seasons, but those of the other samples are variable in rainy and dry seasons. This suggests the surface water mixtures were constant in hot water wells or that the precipitation times were long. In the Li‐Rb‐Cs diagram, the Li/Cs ratios of hot waters are 6.53–8.61 in the rainy period and 6.28–8.47 in the dry period, indicating that they are derived from acidic rocks. According to their isotopic composition, it can be said that the waters are of meteoric origin. According to the Langelier, the Ryznar and the Puckorius Saturation Indexes, the waters can precipitate carbonate. The waters interacted with gypsum and anhydrite zones based on the Halite Saturation Index, while the waters are associated with dolomite‐rich rocks in terms of the Dolomite Saturation Index. Silica and cation geothermometers except Na‐K applicated to the Ilgın geothermal waters yielded similar reservoir temperature estimates (e.g., 13–76°C for rainy period, 10–80°C for dry period). However, reservoir temperature from the other estimates (Na‐K geothermometers, enthalpy‐chloride diagram and enthalpy‐silica mixture model) are higher than 103°C. Taken as whole, the temperature estimates exhibit little agreement between the different geothermometry calculations suggesting that the Ilgın geothermal waters represent immature waters, and water‐rock equilibrium in the geothermal reservoir was not fully attained.
Examining coping and acculturative stress as mediators between perceived discrimination and internalising symptoms among African immigrants
Authors: Saasa Sherinah , Ward Kaitlin P. , Jacobson Justin , Hill Rebekah L.
Published: February 2023

This study examined whether avoidant coping behaviours and acculturative stress functioned as mechanisms linking perceived discrimination to internalising mental health symptoms among African immigrants living in the United States. We used cross‐sectional data collected between December 2019 and January 2020 from US‐based first and second‐generation African immigrants (N = 599, 50% first‐generation, 82% Black, 71% female, mean age = 30). Path modelling was performed to examine the mediating role of avoidant coping and acculturative stress on the relationship between perceived discrimination and internalising symptoms. Results showed that perceived discrimination was related to internalising symptoms via avoidant coping and acculturative stress (specifically social and environmental stress). These results provide support that coping strategies and acculturative stress are likely important micro‐level mechanisms by which the discrimination‐mental health association persists. Implications and recommendations for prevention and intervention to reduce negative impacts of perceived discrimination on immigrant mental health are discussed.
Protein biomarkers for response to XPO1 inhibition in haematologic malignancies
Authors: Totiger Tulasigeri M. , Chaudhry Sana , Musi Elgilda , Afaghani Jumana , Montoya Skye , Owusu‐Ansah Frank , Lee Stanley , Schwartz Gary , Klimek Virginia , Taylor Justin
Published: February 2023

XPO1 (Exportin‐1) is the nuclear export protein responsible for the normal shuttling of several proteins and RNA species between the nucleocytoplasmic compartment of eukaryotic cells. XPO1 recognizes the nuclear export signal (NES) of its cargo proteins to facilitate its export. Alterations of nuclear export have been shown to play a role in oncogenesis in several types of solid tumour and haematologic cancers. Over more than a decade, there has been substantial progress in targeting nuclear export in cancer using selective XPO1 inhibitors. This has resulted in recent approval for the first‐in‐class drug selinexor for use in relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Despite these successes, not all patients respond effectively to XPO1 inhibition and there has been lack of biomarkers for response to XPO1 inhibitors in the clinic. Using haematologic malignancy cell lines and samples from patients with myelodysplastic neoplasms treated with selinexor, we have identified XPO1, NF‐κB(p65), MCL‐1 and p53 protein levels as protein markers of response to XPO1 inhibitor therapy. These markers could lead to the identification of response upon XPO1 inhibition for more accurate decision‐making in the personalized treatment of cancer patients undergoing treatment with selinexor.
Recurrence and risk factors in cured patients with vitiligo: A real‐life single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Xu Wei , Qiu Zhijin , Li Chaolan , Wang Yuyi , Lin Mao , Liu Yi , Wen Yating , Zheng Wenhao
Published: February 2023

Background

The risk of recurrence after successful repigmentation in vitiligo has attracted attention from both patients and clinicians.

Objectives

The recurrence rate and risk factors in cured patients with vitiligo were analyzed to improve clinical prevention and treatment.

Methods

Clinical records of 76 patients with vitiligo who demonstrated at least 80% repigmentation were analyzed retrospectively. Single‐factor analysis of variance and binary logistic regression analysis was employed to screen the risk factors of vitiligo recurrence.

Results

Among the 76 cured patients, 26 relapsed (total recurrence rate of 34.2%). Among these, 20 relapsed within one year (recurrence rate of 26.3%). Single‐factor analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) with the age of onset (yr), distribution of onset, and oral traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) intake between the recurrence and nonrecurrence groups. Binary logistic regression analysis displayed that the age of onset (yr) (p = 0.015, OR = 1.051), distribution of onset (p = 0.046, OR = 0.194), and oral TCM (p = 0.018, OR = 4.360) are significant risk factors for vitiligo recurrence.

Conclusion

A total relapse rate of 34.2% was observed in cured vitiligo patients. The age of onset (yr), distribution of onset, and oral TCM are risk factors for vitiligo recurrence. The necessary interventions should be considered on these factors for reducing the recurrence rate of vitiligo.
Intermittent versus continuous control of tracheal cuff pressure in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Qin , Yu Xuemei , Chen Yidan , He Qin , Zhu Biyun
Published: February 2023

Aims and Objectives

To evaluate the effects and safety of intermittent versus continuous control of cuff pressure in patients with mechanical ventilation.

Background

Tracheal cuff pressure management is vital to the prognosis of patients with mechanical ventilation.

Design

A meta‐analysis.

Methods

This meta‐analysis was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA checklist. We searched Pubmed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, BMJ Best Practice, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations, as well as the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang, and China national knowledge infrastructure databases up to 5 August 2022 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the intermittent versus continuous control of cuff pressure. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for relevant data analysis.

Results

A total of 18 RCTs involving 1998 patients with mechanical ventilation were included. The synthesised outcomes indicated that continuous control of cuff pressure is beneficial to reduce the incidence of ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) [RR = 0.41, 95%CI (0.35, 0.49)], aspiration [RR = 0.36, 95%CI (0.21, 0.63)], duration of mechanical ventilation [MD = ‐3.23, 95%CI (−4.66, −1.79)], length of ICU stay [MD = ‐4.12, 95%CI (−5.40, −2.83)], and increase the volume of subglottic drainage [MD = 18.54, 95%CI (16.50, 20.58)]. There was no significant difference in the mortality between two groups [RR = 1.01, 95%CI (0.84, 1.21)]. Egger regression analyses showed that there were no obvious publication biases in the synthesised results (all p > .05).

Conclusions

Existing evidence shows that compared with intermittent monitoring of cuff pressure, continuous monitoring of cuff pressure can reduce the occurrence of aspiration and VAP, shorten the patient's duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Continuous monitoring of cuff pressure is more beneficial and should be promoted in clinical nursing care of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.
Thyroid function and long‐term outcomes of children born to mothers with Graves' disease: A 20‐year review
Authors: Sakornyutthadej Natee , Mahachoklertwattana Pat , Poomthavorn Preamrudee
Published: February 2023

Aim

Thyroid dysfunction in infants born to mothers with Graves' disease (GD) is influenced by maternal factors including thyroid status, thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibody (TRAb) concentration and antithyroid drug use. Thyroid dysfunction during early life could affect growth and development later in life. The aim of this study is to evaluate thyroid function tests (TFTs), and long‐term growth and development of children born to mothers with GD.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of children born to mothers with GD at the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, between January 2000 and December 2019 was performed. Clinical data including age of children at enrolment, sex, gestational age, birthweight, maternal thyroid status, maternal TRAb level, maternal GD treatment during pregnancy, neonatal TSH screening and TFT results, and growth and development outcomes of children were collected.

Results

There were 262 children (148 males) enrolled. Twelve (4%) infants had neonatal GD. Five (2%) infants had hypothyroidism requiring levothyroxine treatment: four had secondary hypothyroidism and one patient had congenital primary hypothyroidism. Seven (3%) infants had transient TSH elevation, which fell to normal by 2 weeks of age. The remaining 238 children had normal TFT results. Three out of 12 children with neonatal GD had either delayed growth or development.

Conclusions

A number of infants born to mothers with GD had abnormal TFTs requiring specific management, and some of them had abnormal growth and development. Careful evaluation of TFTs and long‐term follow‐up are mandatory for those children.
Microbial species from multiple maternal body sites shape the developing giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) cub gut microbiome
Authors: Guo Wei , Ren Ke , Ning Ruihong , Li Caiwu , Zhang Yu , Gan Yunong , Fu Xiaoyan , Xiao Cenjun , Pang Yaoyu , Cheng Lei , Zhang Siyuan , Li Desheng , Zhao Jiangchao , Dai Min , Li Ying
Published: February 2023

The gut microbiome of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) plays a vital role in nutrient acquisition from its specialized bamboo diet. Giant panda cubs harbour significantly different gut microbiota during their growth and development when feeding on milk before switching to bamboo. The fetal gut is sterile, and following birth, mother‐to‐infant microbial transmission has been implicated as a seeding source for the infant gut microbiota. Details of this transmission in giant pandas remain unclear. In this study, faecal samples were collected from seven panda mother–cub pairs when the cubs were 4–16 months old. Additional samples from the cubs' diet, soil and drinking water, and multiple body sites of the mothers were collected. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing were performed to determine the source and potential transmission routes of the cub gut microbiome. Source tracking analysis showed that maternal vagina, milk and faeces were the primary contributory sources of microbes, shaping the cub gut microbiome. Bacterial species from maternal faeces persisted the longest in the cub gut. Bacterial species in the diet contributed to the microbial community. Metagenomics analysis indicated that the predicted metabolic pathways of the gut microbiome also varied at different growth stages. Gut colonization with bacteria from various body sites of the mothers provides a foundational microbial community that is beneficial in fulfilling the evolving dietary needs of the cubs. This study suggests that mother‐to‐cub transmission is indispensable in shaping the gut microbiome of the developing panda cub.
Possible association of crossed cerebellar diaschisis with cerebellar ataxia in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Kataoka Yuko , Nakamura Masataka , Kunieda Takenobu , Kaneko Satoshi , Mizuta Ikuko , Mizuno Toshiki , Yakushiji Yusuke
Published: February 2023

We report a 50‐year‐old man with no history of stroke or migraine, who developed progressive gait ataxia and dementia. MRI showed diffuse leukoencephalopathy, multiple lacunar lesions, and cerebellar atrophy. Ischemic lesions were absent in the cerebellum. On SPECT, crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) was seen. Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of cerebral autosomal‐dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) with a heterozygous NOTCH3 mutation p.Arg182Cys. His cerebellar dysfunction may have been caused by CCD due to interruption of cerebral‐cerebellar connections. Our case showed that CCD could be important for cerebellar function in CADASIL.