bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Experience on Fluoroscopy Time for Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters in a Pediatric Population: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Schumacher Isaac , Haste Paul
Published: December 2020

Background: 
It is established that radiation exposure carries a risk for children. The best approach is to use the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle for medical procedures. Peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) placements expose children to a variable amount of radiation. The purpose of this study was to try and determine if procedural experience plays a part in reducing radiation exposure during PICC placements. 
 
Methods: 
Pediatric PICC placements by a junior attending pediatric interventional radiologist (JrIR) were reviewed, analyzing for a primary end point of fluoroscopy time (FT). These values were also compared to those of trainees and of a senior pediatric interventional radiologist (SrIR) with 15+ years of experience. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney U test. P values < .05 were considered significant. 
 
Results: 
FT for 685 trainee, 459 JrIR, and 425 SrIR PICC placements were analyzed. No statistically significant decreasing trend in FT was noted for either the JrIR or SrIR over the course of the study period. Trainees required significantly more FT than the JrIR (Trainees = .80 min, JrIR = .70 min, P = .004) or the SrIR (SrIR = .60 min, P < .001), but there was no significant difference between the JrIR and SrIR (P = .058). Furthermore, trainees supervised by non-pediatric IRs had even greater median FT (1.30 min). All of these differences were significantly greater in smaller patients (Age <1) and cases in which increased procedural difficulty was encountered. 
 
Conclusion: 
This study suggests that the experience of the proceduralist may reduce radiation exposure in PICC placements, but it does not seem to support linear improvement early in a primary operator’s career. The results raise the question as to why the differences exist and may support the use of FT as a metric for analyzing proficiency in IR procedures.
Mixed Methods: COVID-19 Follow Up Patterns and Concerns in Northwest Indiana
Authors: Simpson Marcy , Bamgbose Olajumoke , Singh Harpriya , McKay Aaron , O'Connor Matthew
Published: December 2020

Background/Hypothesis: Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) in the state of Indiana garnered over 50,000 positive cases since the first exposed patient in March 2020. Covid-19 is associated with pneumonia, as well as symptoms such as fevers, cough, shortness of breath, loss of taste/ smell, and fatigue.  A positive COVID diagnosis is prevalent amongst those with comorbidities and has been positively correlated with the severity of the adverse effects caused by Covid-19. As the number of positive cases rise in the US, it’s imperative to understand the potential shortcomings experienced in the care of patients and to address the short and long-term outcomes in those patients. This study aimed to identify patterns in the course of illness, limitations of care, effects on co-morbidities, and overall community needs to improve patient access and outcomes. We hypothesize that subjects with comorbidities will report more serious symptoms at onset and take longer for symptoms to resolve. We also expect to see subjects living in the same zip codes will report similar levels of access to care. 
 
Methods: In order to achieve these goals we conducted semi-structured, one-on-one interviews with study participants, in which telephone based patient follow up interviews were conducted twice a week for 2 weeks or until symptoms were resolved. Inclusion criteria included being a legal adult over 18 years of age, a COVID-19 positive diagnosis via RT-PCR testing, and an ED visit at one of the Methodist Hospital Systems.  
 
Results: Through TACTIC qualitative rapid analysis of the data, results are pending and we hope to find useful patterns within a younger demographic, more indicative of the second wave of COVID spread within our Northwest population.  
 
Potential Impact: Through this study, we aim to identify the barriers to care in the community and then address and provide possible solutions within the community.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Occurrence and Clinical Characteristics in Children with Cancer
Authors: Sommers Katherine , Skiles Jodi , Leland Brian , Rowan Courtney
Published: December 2020

This project was funded, in part, with support from the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute funded, in part by UL1TR002529 from the National Institutes of Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. 
 
Background: The diagnosis and outcomes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in children with cancer are not well understood. We aim to determine the incidence of PRES in pediatric oncology patients, describe the associated morbidity and mortality, and to better understand risk factors in this patient population.   
 
Project Methods: We screened 473 children with a hematologic malignancy or post-allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) between June 2015 and June 2020 for PRES to determine incidence and if age or diagnosis is associated with PRES. To evaluate if comorbidities or chemotherapeutic agents are associated with PRES, we conducted a case-control study. Children with PRES were matched with two controls based on age and diagnosis to identify additional risk factors for PRES development.  Incidence was calculated over the 5-year period. Mann Whitney U and Chi-Squared or Fisher Exact Tests were performed using SPSS v26 to compare continuous and categorical variables respectively.  
 
Results: Fourteen (3.0%) patients developed PRES, resulting in an incidence of 5.9/1000 people/year. Median age was not different between those that developed PRES [14 years (IQR: 11, 17.25)] and those that did not [9.6 years (IQR: 3.8, 15.4)], (p=0.421). Allogenic HCT was associated with the development of PRES (p=0.019). PRES symptoms were common: hypertension (100%), seizures (79%), nausea/vomiting (50%), altered mental status (50%), and headaches (43%). All received an MRI, and 79% had findings consistent with PRES. The majority (79%) of patients with PRES were admitted to the PICU and 4 (29%) later died. After 2:1 matching, we found that the use of Etoposide (p=0.008) was associated with PRES but comorbidities were not. 
 
Conclusion and Implications: While PRES was infrequent in this population, it carries a high morbidity with most requiring PICU admission and a high associated hospital mortality of 29%. The use of etoposide and HCT were associated with PRES.
A REPRESENTAÇÃO DO JORNAL DO BRASIL ACERCA DA SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL NO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Klever Lucas De Oliveira
Published: December 2020

Este artigo pretende discutir a representação da Segunda Guerra Mundial no Rio de Janeiro nas páginas do Jornal do Brasil. A justificativa se dá pelas poucas pesquisas sobre a antiga capital federal durante a guerra e utilizando esta fonte. Para isso, foi necessária uma breve introdução, aos principais trabalhos sobre o tema, ao Estado Novo (1937-45), política internacional do regime autoritário e também da imprensa naquele período para situar o Jornal do Brasil. Para tanto será feito tanto uma revisão bibliográfica quanto será dada atenção para outros documentos da época.
O PODER JUDICIAL E A JUSTIÇA ADMINISTRATIVA NO BRASIL IMPERIAL: APONTAMENTOS HISTÓRICO-INSTITUCIONAIS
Authors: Araújo João Augusto Carneiro
Published: December 2020

Objetiva-se neste artigo tecer breves apontamentos histórico-institucionais acerca do Poder Judicial e da Justiça Administrativa no Brasil Imperial. Discorre-se sobre os principais aspectos da primeira Constituição brasileira, outorgada em 1824 pelo Imperador D. Pedro I. O texto aborda a inspiração francesa da Justiça Administrativa brasileira no referido período (1822 a 1889), com ênfase no Conselho de Estado no contexto de um modelo de jurisdição dual.
La rosa y la espina: expresiones musicales de solidaridad antiimperialista en Latinoamérica. El Primer Encuentro de la Canción Protesta en La Habana, Cuba, 1967
Authors: Salazar Rebolledo Juan Alberto
Published: December 2020

El antiimperialismo en los años sesenta del siglo XX tuvo importantes componentes artísticos y culturales, la canción de protesta fue uno de ellos. Jóvenes de varios países latinoamericanos comenzaron a hacer música para denunciar, y a la vez que confrontar, al imperialismo de Estados Unidos. Dichas expresiones musicales aglutinaban pronunciamientos de solidaridad y acompañamiento a luchas revolucionarias como la revolución cubana y hasta otras latitudes, como la guerra de Vietnam. Este artículo busca explicar lo anterior a partir de uno de los ejemplos más tempranos de este fenómeno en América Latina: el Primer Encuentro de la Canción Protesta en 1967 en La Habana, Cuba. Este evento marcó la pauta y desde entonces se configuraría como una manera casi programática de comprometerse políticamente desde la creación artística. Como demuestra este trabajo, la reunión en la isla fue un parteaguas para configurar la postura política de solidaridad en varios de los jóvenes músicos asistentes, como el caso del mexicano Óscar Chávez.
Hun hebben de taal verkwanseld en hun hadden gelijk — over het gebruik van hun als onderwerp in het hedendaagse Nederlands
Authors: Tomaka Kamila
Published: December 2020

A striking change has recently occurred in the Dutch language, namely, that we are increasingly confronted with a sharp expansion of the use of hun in the subject position. The use of hun instead of ze or zij as the subject of the sentence is considered ungrammatical and a form of language degradation. This contribution discusses the origin of this phenomenon, its characteristics and possible explanations for its use. It also presents a critical overview of statements given by authoritative bodies, such as the Dutch Language Union, about the use of hun. The issue of hun in the practice of NT2 education is also discussed, and the question is asked whether this language change has a negative impact on Dutch. Is it acceptable? Where is the limit for tolerance?
Religious Mutual Understanding and Tolerance: A Panacea to Overcome the Contemporary Religious Crises in Nigeria
Authors: Adedeji Luqman Lekan
Published: December 2020

Wzajemne zrozumienie religijne i tolerancja: panaceum na przezwyciężenie współczesnych kryzysów religijnych w Nigerii

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę celu religii jako zaprojektowanej dla człowieka przez Boga i analizuje relacje między jednostkami i grupami społecznymi. Autor omawia niektóre kryzysy religijne mające miejsce w kraju, w którym doprowadzono do bezmyślnego niszczenia życia i własności. Bada przyczyny owych kryzysów religijnych, jak również nieporozumień między przedstawicielami różnych wyznań, które stanowią wyzwanie dla bezpieczeństwa kraju. Autor zauważa, że lekkomyślne i barbarzyńskie zabójstwa niewinnych ludzi (muzułmanów i niemuzułmanów) mogą zostać powstrzymane poprzez podjęcie wysiłku porozumienia i pokojowego współistnienia. Zaleca model Proroka Mahometa, ukazujący tolerancję i pokojowe współistnienie jako wyjście z owych kryzysów i sposób na zaprowadzenie pokoju w społeczeństwie, gwarantującego zrównoważony rozwój.
Osioł w „Ucieczce do Egiptu”. Analiza wybranych przykładów malarstwa tablicowego pochodzących z Polski z 2. połowy XV i początków XVI wieku
Authors: Pukaluk Karolina
Published: December 2020

Osioł pojawia się w scenach malarskich opartych zarówno na Starym, jak i Nowym Testamencie. Temat Ucieczki do Egiptu podejmowano na dwa sposoby. Według pierwszego ukazywano podróż Świętej Rodziny: zwierzę niesie na swym grzbiecie Maryję i Jezusa, krocząc tuż za św. Józefem, który niekiedy prowadzi osiołka za uzdę. Przedstawiono także moment postoju: mężczyzna sięga po owoc podany mu przez anioła, Matka Boża i Dzieciątko siedzą na grzbiecie zwierzęcia pochylającego, by zjeść trawę.

Został uchwycony profil osiołka, w jego sierści można dostrzec różne tonacje szarej barwy. Anatomia zwykle jest poprawna, układ nóg obrazuje ruch. Uprząż otacza jego głowę. Osiołek nie nawiązuje relacji z pozostałymi postaciami, choć wie, kim jest Niemowlę. Zwierzę wyraża tu wiele pozytywnych cech — spokój, dumę, posłuszeństwo, mądrość.
The Central U.S.–Mexico Borderlands during the 2020 Pandemic
Authors: Staudt Kathy
Published: December 2020

This essay begins by setting the scene of the 2020 novel coronavirus virus (COVID- 19) pandemic in the central U.S.–Mexico borderlands. The essay then outlines the pre-pandemic situation, from 2016-2019, one characterized by larger numbers of migrant arrivals from Central America, harsh U.S. anti-refugee and anti-Mexican practices, and hardened border controls. The article then discusses pandemic-linked deaths and closures of the border to all but U.S. citizens and Legal Permanent Residents and to slightly diminished cargo traffic, rising again by July and numbers of COVID-19 deaths declining thereafter. Official U.S. border rhetoric has broadened to strengthen nationalist security rationales around health, while activists push back against harsh policy practices, creating an ongoing, dynamic tension in the borderlands.
The Venezuela–Colombia Border: Epicenter of the Hemisphere’s Largest Migratory Crisis during COVID-19
Authors: Bustamante Ana Marleny , Sánchez Francisco Javier
Published: December 2020

COVID-19’s pandemic declaration worsened the Táchira–Norte de Santander border as the epicenter of the second largest forced migratory crisis in the world due to the Complex Humanitarian Emergency in Venezuela. COVID-19 changed the direction of the flow from emigration to returned migration, at a border that had already moved from open to semi-open, and since the pandemic, became closed to all formal movements.
The Portuguese–Spanish Border ... Back Again?!
Authors: Pires Iva Miranda
Published: December 2020

Unexpectedly, over 30 years after the removal of border controls between Portugal and Spain as a result of their joint adhesion to the European Union, border restrictions were reinstated as a preventive measure to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). This paper discusses what has changed in the Portuguese–Spanish border as a consequence of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Borderlands in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Brunet-Jailly Emmanuel , Carpenter Michael J
Published: December 2020

This introduction outlines the themes of the special issue (borders, borderlands, and border theory since the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns) and summarizes its contents (a research article, two dozen essays, plus photography and videography). The introduction also includes an interactive map hyperlinking the contents of the issue, and raises new lines of thought for border studies in the era of COVID-19.
Brazilian Border Closures in Pandemic Times: A Comparative Approach to Four Regions
Authors: Rego Monteiro Licio Caetano do , Silva Luís Paulo Batista da , Steiman Rebeca , Ribeiro Leticia Parente
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the context and the effects of border closures related to the COVID-19 pandemic in four border regions between Brazil and its neighbors, namely Venezuela, Colombia, Paraguay, and Argentina, from March to July 2020. The study highlights the low level of coordination among countries, bilateral or regional, in the course of the sanitary emergency. It also analyses the local impacts of the restrictive measures, especially on the twin cities due to their high level of interdependence, in which the inhabitants suffered from the dismantling of supply networks, the precarity of health services, and the economic downturn related to border closures.
The “Frontier” According to Paul de La Pradelle
Authors: Perrier Benjamin
Published: December 2020

Essential author on the “frontier”, Paul de Geouffre de La Pradelle is known for his original legal theory. The author distinguishes between “delimitation” (which is a boundary-line) and “frontier” (which is a zone of cooperation). He also distinguishes what he calls the “national frontier” (“object of study of domestic public law”) and the “international frontier” (“object of study of international public and private law”).
Desarrollo de un producto cerámico para la construcción bajo principios de bioclimática y arquitectura sostenible
Authors: Sánchez Molina Jorge , Sánchez Zúñiga Jessica , Díaz Fuentes Carmen Xiomara
Published: December 2020

El papel de las fachadas es fundamental para determinar el rendimiento energético del edificio. De acuerdo con las propiedades de los elementos constructivos, la transferencia de energía hacia el interior puede controlarse estratégicamente para evitar aumentos en la demanda de energía por los sistemas de acondicionamiento de energía artificial. El desarrollo de productos aislantes puede resolver este problema en gran medida. En el caso de Norte de Santander, existe una industria de arcilla consolidada basada en la calidad de la materia prima. Este documento diseña y valida el comportamiento térmico de dos propuestas de ladrillo ventilado, llamado Diseño ECO. La validación térmica se realizó en el software ANSYS R16 para simular la transferencia y los flujos de calor según la forma y el material. El mejor rendimiento se desarrolló mediante un proceso extruido para determinar las propiedades mecánicas a escala de laboratorio en diferentes mezclas con aditivos tecnológicos de nutrientes. Los resultados muestran que la cámara de aire ventilado puede reducir hasta 7,5 ° C en la temperatura de la superficie interna. Sin embargo, la resistencia de estos nuevos productos se reduce considerablemente en comparación con el ladrillo tradicional multiperforado.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Slabs Reinforced with Recycled Steel Fibers from Post-Consumer Tires in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Carrillo Julián , Díaz Carlos
Published: December 2020

Millions of post-consumer tires are not adequately disposed of each year, and thus, are producing an enormous environmental problem in the world. This environmental impact may be reduced when assessing this material as an alternative reinforcement for concrete. It is widely known that the toughness of steel fiber-reinforced concrete is suitably assessed by energy absorption tests on slabs. The purpose of this paper is to show and discuss the results of a research aimed at assessing the mechanical response of concrete slabs reinforced with recycled steel fibers from post-consumer tires in Bogotá, Colombia. The testing program of the study comprised 31 axial compression tests on cylinders, and 15 bending tests on concrete slabs reinforced with nominal dosages of 15, 30, and 60 kg/m3 of industrial steel fibers or recycled fibers obtained from post-consumer tires. Based on the measured response, preliminary design equations are proposed to estimate the mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with recycled steel fibers.
Use of Cedrela odorata Linnaeus Exudate for Inhibiting Corrosion by Chlorides in Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Barrios-Fontalvo Modesto , Tejada-Tovar Candelaria , Villabona-Ortíz Ángel , Castillo-Mercado Fidel , Ramírez-Arenilla Breiner
Published: December 2020

This paper evaluates the use of cedar tree exudate in chloride penetration and the probability of steel corrosion in reinforced concrete (rc), considering 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 % exudate by  cement weight in the mixture at water/cement (w/c) ratios of 0.55 and 0.60. Under these conditions, cylindrical specimens of 4 inches in diameter and 8 inches in height were constructed. The water-sol- uble chloride content of the extracted concrete powder was measured at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 cm depth according to astm C1218/C1218M, while the probability of corrosion was determined by measuring electric potentials with astm C876. A favorable incidence of 0.46 % by weight of concrete was found when using 0.7 % exudate at the w/c ratio of 0.55 at the closest depth to the steel, compared to the 0.55 % target. The probability of steel corrosion is reduced to 10 % with potentials higher than -0.2 V with more prolonged exposure to chlorides.
Effect of Different Cleansing Protocols on Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Dentin Contaminated with Hemostatic Agent: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Saati Keivan , Tabatabaei Seyedeh Farnaz , Etemadian Delaram , Sadaghiani Morad
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Inadequate removal of the hemostatic agent can adversely affect the bond strength of restorations to the tooth structure. This study aimed to assess the effect of different cleansing protocols on the shear bond strength (SBS) of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to dentin contaminated with aluminum chloride hemostatic agent.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the mid-coronal dentin of 96 premolars was exposed. They were contaminated with a hemostatic agent (ViscoStat Clear) and then randomly divided into 7 groups (n=12). One group served as the control. The groups underwent various cleaning methods as follows: water spray, aluminum oxide particles (27µ diameter), a slurry of pumice with water, GC dentin conditioner (GCDC), sodium hypochlorite 2% (SHC), and chlorhexidine 2% (CHX). Composite cylinders were then fabricated and bonded to the surfaces using Scotchbond Multi-Purpose etch-and-rinse bonding agent. After thermocycling (10,000 cycles), the SBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD (honestly significant difference) test, and the significance level was set at 0.05.
Results: The SBS of the groups was significantly different (P=0.036). The SBS was the highest in the CHX and SHC groups, and the lowest SBS was related to the control group and GCDC groups. The difference between other groups was not significant (P=0.996).
Conclusion: CHX and SHC yielded the highest bond strength among the tested modalities for cleansing the ViscoStat Clear from the tooth surface.
Immunoregulatory Effects of Somatic Extract of Toxocara canis on Airway Inflammations in Murine Model
Authors: BADRI Milad , GHAFFARIFAR Fatemeh , HASSAN Zuhair M. , DALIMI Abdolhossein , CORTES Hélder
Published: December 2020

Background: The immunomodulatory role of many parasites is well-documented. The current study designed to assess the immunoregulatory effects of the somatic extract (SE) of Toxocara canis on murine model of airway inflammations.
Methods: The experiment was performed in department of parasitology of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran from November 2018 to May 2019. Totally 30 female BALB/c mice divided into one control group and two experimental groups (10 mice in each group). The ovalbumin (OVA) group was sensitized with OVA in alum, while the SE group was administered with SE and OVA in alum intraperitoneally. The control group was injected with PBS in alum. Then, SE and OVA groups were intranasally challenged with OVA for three consecutive days and the control group encountered with PBS at the same time. One day after the last challenge, real-time PCR and histopathology survey were conducted on isolated lung tissues.
Results: The gene expression of IL-25, IL-33, TNF-α and TLR-4 in SE group was significantly lower than OVA group (P<0.05). The level of IL-10, TGF-β and IFN-γ were considerably higher than the OVA group (P<0.05). The inflammation was reduced in SE group, as the total cell number of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was less than OVA group. Based on the histopathology findings the inflammation was decreased in SE group compared to the OVA group.
Conclusion: Although, an inhibitory effect of SE of T. canis on airway inflammations was detected, there is still a long way ahead regarding the indication of the precise mechanisms.
Phases 1 and 2 of Covid-19 Epidemic in the Three Geographical Areas of Italy: An Estimation of Italian Government Measures Based on a Bayesian Changepoint Detection Method
Authors: Laura Manca Maria , Russo Francesco , Georgiev Vladimir , Taddei Stefano
Published: December 2020

Background: Based on data from the Ministry of Health, which highlighted the earlier onset of Covid-19 epidemic in Italy, compared with the Europe, we would like to present a statistical elaboration on the impact of measures taken by the Government, during the phase 1 and the start of phase 2.
Methods: After the implementation of a Bayesian changepoint detection method, we looked for a best fit model, based on the first part of time series data, in order to observe the progress of the data in the presence and absence of the restriction measures introduced.
Results: Both the implementation of changepoint detection method and the analysis of the curves showed that the decree that marked the start of lockdown has had the effect of slowing down the epidemic by allowing thestart of a plateau between 21 and 25 March. Moreover, the decree that decided the beginning of phase 2 on 4 May did not have a negative impact.
Conclusion: This statistical analysis supports the hypothesis that stringent measures decreased hospitalization, thanks to a slowing down in the evolution of the epidemic compared with what was expected.
Unsuccessful Weight-Loss in Adults Admitted to Health Centers, Ahvaz, Khuzestan: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Faraji Khiavi Farzad , Djafarian Kurosh , Afrashtabar Mahbubeh
Published: December 2020

Background: Nowadays, obesity is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. There are so many various factors interfering with obesity that it is necessary to be studied separately in each population. Although many people can lose weight by observing low-energy diets, they often return to the former weight and even higher. The present study aimed to identify the causes of unsuccessful weight-loss in adults admitted to health centers in Ahvaz.
Methods: This was a qualitative phenomenological study carried out in one of the health centers in western Ahvaz, 2017. The data collection tool for this study was semi-structured in-depth interview conducted face-to-face and individually. The interviews were recorded and transferred word-by-word on paper immediately. Then interviews were analyzed using the content analysis method.
Results: Seven themes and 11 key concepts were extracted from the contents of the interviews.The following items led to a failure of keeping the diet and achieving the proper weight: Underlying diseases, the effects of drugs on overweightness and obesity, physical characteristics, lifestyle, affecting overweight and obesity behaviors, food habits, and psychological factors.
Conclusion: Lifestyle and some diseases and medications can lead to a failure of overweight and obesity confronting programs. Provision of the educational and informational programs to the society with emphasis on the side effects of weight loss medications and lifestyle changes, especially the dietary habits, together with a consideration of the mental health dimension may affect the success of people in controlling obesity.
REGULARITIES ARISING IN THE SPHERE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE RELATIONS BETWEEN AN INVESTIGATOR AND A DEFENSE COUNSEL
Authors:   Chief Research Scientist of the Research Center of the Management Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation LL.D., Professor, Ivanov Petr I.
Published: December 2020

In this article, the author, on the basis of studying and analyzing the state of criminal procedural legal relations of the investigator and defense counsel, summarized the totality of patterns inherent in this field.
TYPES OF LIABILITY IN THE MODERN RUSSIAN CRIMINAL LAWS
Authors:   Dean of the Law Faculty of the Ryazan State University Named for S. Yesenin PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Larina Lyubov Yu. , Pantyukhina Inga V. ,   Head of the Department of Criminal Law and Procedure of the Ryazan State University Named for S. Yesenin PhD (Law), Associate Professor
Published: December 2020

The article substantiates the existence of criminal liability and other types of liability in the criminal legislation. The authors give a classification of types of criminal liability depending on the legal fact entailing responsibility and specific measures that make up the content of a particular type. It is proposed to distinguish two main types-primary and secondary responsibility, each of which is divided into separate varieties. They argue for the need to include in the criminal code of the Russian Federation rules on the responsibility of minors who are not subject to criminal liability; make predictions about the possibility of new measures of responsibility in criminal law. In view of the different types of liability, the question of liability of legal persons under criminal law could be considered differently.
PRESIDENTIAL CONTROL OVER OPERATIONS OF THE FEDERAL SECURITY SERVICE OF RUSSIA
Authors:   Chief Research Scientist of the Management Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation Honored Employee of the Internal Affairs Agencies of the Russian Federation LL.D., Professor, Tarasov Anatoliy M.
Published: December 2020

The relevant and innovative character of the subject of Presidential Control over Operations of the Federal Security Service of Russia is confirmed by the absence of separate research on this topic and the status of the Federal Security Service of Russia established to ensure security, carry out various types of law enforcement operations, in particular, such as criminal intelligence and surveillance, pre-trial investigation, interrogation, where human and civil rights and freedoms may be violated, and the guarantor of human and civil rights and freedoms is the President of the Russian Federation pursuant to Article 80 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The relevance of this subject is also proven by the absence of any federal law on the state control over operations of state authorities including law enforcement ones and the failure to establish the limits (scope) of the presidential control over operations of the Federal Security Service of Russia in statutory acts. The fact that the aims of the presidential control are not only identification of deviations in operations of the Federal Security Service but also the prevention of such deviations in the future raises the importance of this issue. In view of the above, the presidential control is a mechanism of positive, preventive and efficient influence on organizational and practical activities of authorities of the Federal Security Service of Russia.
The Tax Law Status of Standalone Subdivisions of Russian Organizations
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Financial Law of the Russian State University of Justice (RSUJ) PhD (Law), Anisina Karina T.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the features of the tax status of separate divisions of Russian organizations. It is noted that the tax legis-lation of the Russian Federation does not disclose the types of separate divisions. Since depending on the type of separate division, such legal issues as the procedure for registering at the location of the separate division and the types of activities performed depend on it.
Bankacılıkta Dijital Dönüşümle Değişen Müşteri Deneyimi: Müşteri Sadakati, Memnuniyeti ve Tavsiye Eğilimine Yansımaları
Authors: Aydın Samet , Onaylı Ecem
Published: December 2020

Bilişim teknolojilerinde yaşanan ilerlemeler, her sektörde olduğu gibi bankacılıkta da dijital dönüşümü zorunlu kılmış ve sektörün iş yapış biçiminde, özellikle de pazarlama araçlarında büyük değişimler meydana getirmiştir. İnternet kullanımının ve akıllı cihazların yaygınlaşması ile bankalar dijital bankacılık uygulamalarını birbiri ardına tanıtmış ve artık bu kanallar müşteriler için banka şubelerine benzer bir konuma erişmiştir.
Bu çalışma, bankacılık sektöründe yaşanan dijital dönüşüm ile değişen müşteri deneyiminin müşterilerin sadakat, tatmin ve tavsiye eğilimi gibi tutumları üzerindeki yansımalarını incelemektedir. Araştırma kapsamında veri dijital bankacılık müşterilerinden anket yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir (n=364). PLS-SEM yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda müşteri deneyimi alt boyutlarından kullanışlılık ve kullanım kolaylığının müşteri tatmini ve müşteri sadakati üzerinde olumlu ve anlamlı etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Hız, güvenlik, müşteri desteği ve bilgi içeriği alt boyutlarının ise müşteriler nezdinde fark yaratmadığı saptanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, bankaların dijital uygulamaları ile rekabet avantajı sağlamaları için kullanışlılık ve kullanım kolaylığı öğelerine ağırlık vermeleri gerektiği belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Dijital Bankacılık, Müşteri Deneyimi, Müşteri Sadakati, Müşteri Tatmini, Tavsiye Eğilimi
JEL Sınıflandırması: M31, G21
Kamu Yatırımlarının Gayri̇ Safi̇ Yurti̇çi̇ Hâsıla Üzeri̇ndeki̇ Etki̇si̇: Artvi̇n İli̇ Örneği̇
Authors: Çayır Mustafa
Published: December 2020

Çalışmada kamu yatırımları ile kişi başına düşen gelir arasındaki ilişki Granger nedensellik ve eş-bütünleşme testleri kullanılarak analiz edilmektedir. Ayrıca, analiz 1988 – 2017 dönemini kapsamakta ve yıllık gözlemlere dayanmaktadır. Granger nedensellik testinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Artvin’e yapılan kamu yatırımlarından Artvin halkının kişi başına düşen gelirine doğru % 5 önem seviyesinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir nedensellik varken, Artvin’de kişi başına düşen gelirden kamu yatırımlarına doğru anlamlı bir nedensellik bulunmamaktadır. Yapılan Johansen eş-bütünleşme testinde Artvin’de kamu yatırımlarıyla kişi başına düşen gelir arasında anlamlı düzeyde uzun dönemli bir ilişkinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kamu Yatırımları, Gelir, Granger Nedensellik, Johansen Eş-bütünleşmeJEL Sınıflandırması: H50, R11, O47
O ESCRITOR ELIAS JOSÉ E SUA PRODUÇÃO INFANTOJUVENIL: UM DIÁLOGO COM A ESCOLA
Authors: Motta Ana Cristina Ayres , Ometto Cláudia Beatriz de Castro Nascimento
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho é o recorte de uma dissertação de mestrado sobre vida e obra do escritor Elias José, no intuito de apresentar a produção literária do autor, bem como as consonâncias entre suas obras com as demandas da escola. O estudo desenvolve-se em duas direções: a primeira, que apresenta a biografia de Elias José e a segunda, que visa apresentar uma interlocução entre as obras do escritor com as instâncias de legitimação do livro infantil no Brasil, a saber, o PNBE e a FNLIJ e também com a LDB e PCN, documentos oficiais que norteiam o trabalho pedagógico no país, no intuito de apresentar as contribuições dessa produção no âmbito da literatura infantojuvenil e escolar. O procedimento metodológico deste estudo considera o percurso histórico de produção do escritor, dando visibilidade às tendências de um momento histórico da literatura infantil e educacional, contribuindo e reforçando com as pesquisas já existentes nessa área.
EDUCAÇÃO NO CAMPO, FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE E O PROTAGONISMO DOS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS: DIVERSIDADE TERRITORIAL EM DEBATE
Authors: Almeida Edwana Nauar , De Abreu Waldir Ferreira
Published: December 2020

Este artigo aborda o protagonismo dos movimentos sociais que visam a assegurar o direito à educação das populações rurais em sua luta por espaço político, apontando para políticas de formação de professores que reconheçam as múltiplas territorialidades da Amazônia paraense. Para demonstrar a realidade atual da educação básica nas redes públicas rurais, utilizamos dados extraídos do Censo Escolar (2017) com o objetivo de evidenciar a existência de um abismo entre aqueles que pensam e planejam as políticas públicas educacionais e os que verdadeiramente experimentam os desafios educacionais nessas localidades. Ao analisar os desdobramentos dessas políticas em suas vivências individuais e coletivas de professores e alunos, o artigo conclui que há a necessidade de uma formação inicial e continuada de professores no campo, fundamentada na perspectiva de Educação do Campo com base nas propostas dos movimentos sociais, com suas implicações político-pedagógicas em consonância com as territorialidades desses povos.
CONTRADIÇÕES E LIMITES DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA NO BRASIL
Authors: Crochick José Leon , Alves da Costa Valdelúcia , Felício Faria Débora
Published: December 2020

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre o progresso, as contradições e os limites das políticas de educação inclusiva em uma sociedade capitalista, utilizando o referencial teórico da Escola de Frankfurt. A principal contradição refletida se refere à defesa da educação inclusiva em uma sociedade que se vale da exclusão como ameaça a todos os que estiverem fora da ordem: como a estrutura social permanece inalterada, a educação inclusiva tanto busca romper a exclusão em uma sociedade que incentiva a competição e desvaloriza os perdedores, quanto pode potencializá-la, uma vez que o pertencimento ocorre por meio da subsunção às condições estruturais previamente impostas. Conclui-se que as políticas e práticas da educação inclusiva são fundamentais na luta por uma sociedade justa e igualitária; não obstante, assim como para a educação escolar em geral, seus limites devem ser conhecidos para que possam ser pensadas as condições que os determinam, com o propósito de serem superados.
Microbial Properties of Milk and Traditional Fermented Milk Products in Ethiopia: A Review
Authors: Frew Mihret , Abebe Kiros
Published: December 2020

Milk and milk products play a vital role in human nutrition all over the world. In addition to being a nutritious food for humans, milk and milk products provide a favorable environment for the growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, this paper aims to review the microbial properties of milk and fermented milk products produced in different parts of Ethiopia. Microbial contamination may generally occur from within the udder, exterior to the udder, from the surface of milk handling and storage equipment and the traditional practice. The status of the cleanliness of the milkers could be the primary sources of the initial milk contamination. The reviewed dairy products are Milk, Ergo (naturally fermented milk), Kibe (traditional butter), Arera (defatted sour milk) and Ayib (Ethiopian cottage cheese). The existing microbial quality of dairy products produced in the rural part of Ethiopia was poor and did not meet the acceptable quality requirements. The problem was compounded from limited knowledge of the hygienic production, processing and handling of dairy products coupled with inadequate dairy processing infrastructures. Strict hygienic control measures along the value chain to improve the hygienic conditions of milk starting from production to consumption are necessary to provide safe products to the consumer.
Constraints of Honey Production and Marketing in Ethiopia: A Review
Authors: Goshme Dagnaygebaw , Ayele Tariku
Published: December 2020

Ethiopia has huge potential for beekeeping production and 1st in honey production in Africa because of its endowment with diversity in climate and vegetation resources offering potentially favorable conditions for beekeeping. It is important for sources of food and beverages, medication, income generation, creating employment opportunities, environmental balance through pollination. Even though it has a higher contribution, the sector is yet not potentially utilized due to various constraints. Therefore the objectives of this paper are to review the production constraints of honey in Ethiopia and to review the marketing constraints of honey in Ethiopia. Pests, Disease and Predators; weather problem; Shortage of bee forage; Absconding; shortage of trained manpower; shortage of equipment; poor management practices; chemicals; weak research and extension; poor infrastructures and etc. are constraints of honey production in Ethiopia. While linkages problem; lack of market center; lack of market information; price fluctuation; low awareness of post-harvest handling; lack of technology; poor market infrastructure, lack basic business concepts; and etc. are constraints honey marketing in Ethiopia. To overcome such constraints:- Adopting effective honeybee pests, disease and predators controlling methods; Introducing and expanding of full package improved beekeeping technologies with adequate practical skill; strengthen full package extension services; Support farmers for beekeeping business through credit availability, improving the barging power of beekeepers, strengthen linkage among different concerned institutions, cooperative formation, input supply, market facilitation and infrastructures as a whole; Giving attention on research and human resources development ; Expanding coverage of flowering plants especially economically important ones like horticultural crops and reducing the impact of agrochemicals and others are suggested recommendations.
Peanut as a Smart Food and their Nutrients Aspects in Planet: A Review
Authors: Balasubramanian P. , Mariappan V.E. Nethaji , Lourdusamy D. Keisar , Chinnamuthu C.R. , Swetha S.
Published: December 2020

Peanut is a legume crop that belongs to the family of Fabaceae, genus Arachis, and botanically named as Arachis hypogaea L. Peanuts are considered as a vital source of nutrients plays an important role in growth and energy gain of living organisms. They are rich in calories and contain many nutrients, minerals, antioxidants, and vitamins that are essential for optimum health. All these biomolecules are essential for pumping vital nutrients into the human body for sustaining normal health. This paper presents an overview of the peanut composition in terms of the constituent biomolecules and their biological functions, also discusses about the relationship between consumption of peanuts and their effect on human metabolism and physiology. It highlights the usefulness of considering peanuts as an essential component in human diet considering its nutritional values.
Role of Allelopathy in Weed Management: A Review
Authors: Sathishkumar A. , Srinivasan G. , Subramanian E. , Rajesh P.
Published: December 2020

Allelopathy is the releasing of allelopathic compounds by one plant species that inhibit the growth and development of neighbouring plants of another species. Weeds, besides removing moisture and nutrients, harbour insects and diseases. Manual weed management practices are laborious and expensive. In spite of herbicides being effective in increasing yield, indiscriminate use of herbicides has resulted in serious ecological implications such as development of herbicide resistance weeds and shift in weed population. Recently, research attention has been focused to find out alternative strategies for chemical weed control in several crops. Reduction in herbicide use is one of major goals of modern agriculture and there is much emphasis in search for alternative weed management strategies that are cheap, safe and sustainable. Allelopathy is considered as an effective, economical and environment friendly weed management approach. The release of allelopathic compounds from leaves, flowers, seeds, stems and roots of living and decomposing plant materials can influence weed density and growth. Keeping this in view, the literatures on allelopathic effect of crops and trees on weeds are reviewed in this paper.
Study on Antifungal Activity and Ability Against Rice Leaf Blast Disease of Nano Cu-Cu2O/Alginate
Authors: Ngoc Doan Thi Bich , Du Bui Duy , Tuan Le Nghiem Anh , Thach Bui Dinh , Kien Chu Trung , Phu Dang Van , Hien Nguyen Quoc
Published: December 2020

Background: Rice blast disease due to Pyricularia oryzae fungus is one of the most destructive ones for rice, causing serious losses in yield and quality in Vietnam and other countries. Studying to develop new fungicides to control the fungal disease effectively is essential.Methods: The sodium alginate-stabilized Cu-Cu2O nanocolloidal solution with a size of about 4 nm and the Cu concentration of 5,000 mg/L was prepared by chemical method. The antifungal activity in vitro against P. oryzae and the ability to control the rice blast disease in the greenhouse of nano Cu-Cu2O/alginate were assessed.Result: The nano Cu-Cu2O/alginate exhibited highly fungal activity with the IC50 of 17.8 mg Cu /L. The disease severity of nano Cu-Cu2O/alginate treatments was in the range of 9.38 - 18.54% in comparison with 47.57% of the untreated control. The grain yield of rice plants treated with nano Cu-Cu2O/alginate increased compared with that of the untreated control, and the Cu content in polished rice was almost the same as that of usually cultured polished rice. Thus, the nano Cu-Cu2O/alginate can be used in agriculture as a plant fungicide, especially for rice cultivation.
Desarrollo de capacidades investigativas en la educación superior rural: proyecto Utopía, Universidad de La Salle
Authors: Rodríguez García Hernán Ferney , Sánchez-Cañón Elkin Albeiro
Published: December 2020

This article presents an analysis intended to understand how the project Utopía of the Universidad de La Salle is an opportunity to develop research capabilities in the rural students. The results from this work provide a report of the follow-up and observation process of the research seminars making part of the project Utopía, in the study program of Agricultural Engineering. Results are interpreted through the lens of Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen’s capability approach and its application in education. These results are presented in three parts. The first one is about the research structure of the Agricultural Engineering program under the project Utopía. The second one deals with differentiating research elements integrated to the production practice. Finally, the third one is an analysis of the capabilities that rural college young students develop when coping with a research task and how they develop new skills throughout their educational process
Diversificación y competitividad de la agricultura peruana en el comercio internacional
Authors: Barrientos-Felipa Pedro , Motta Flores Madalyne
Published: December 2020

Productive diversification is a choice for the Latin American countries as an alternative to the risk posed by the exportable production of commodities and in the Peruvian case, particularly, the minerals. For this reason, there is an intense competition internationally between countries and companies to attract buyers and investors, which also moves the countries to change their production matrix. Therefore, the economic politics must be developed in this direction. The proposal of productive diversification has been implemented in other countries deemed as developed and can be taken as an example. The objectives herein consist in identifying the influence of commodities in the Peruvian economy, knowing the relationship between diversification and competitiveness, and proposing activities to strengthen the agriculture in the road to diversification. To carry out this work, different books, research, and articles were reviewed and some experts on this topic were interviewed
Emotionalisierung des Sprechens durch Metaphorik, Beispiel: metaphorische Ausdrücke mit dem Wort „Ventil”
Authors: Błachut Edyta
Published: December 2020

The present paper deals with the relationship between language, emotion and metaphor, theoretically and based on sets of examples. Firstly, I am going to discuss how emotions shape the language we use (based on the works of Fiehler 1990, Schwarz-Friesel 2007, Ortner 2014 and Ebert/Gruber/Meisnitzer/Rettinger (eds.) 2011) and what the role of metaphors in descriptions of emotions is (based on the theory of Lakoff and Johnson 1980, Kövecses 1999). Secondly, using examples from the press I am going to show how the emotions of i.a. rage, irritation or frustration can be made verbal in a metaphorical sense. For this purpose, German metaphorical expressions with the noun Ventil ‘valve’ will be examined. I am using a descriptive-interpretive approach in my analysis.