bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delivering digital health and well-being at scale: lessons learned during the implementation of the dallas program in the United Kingdom
Authors: Devlin Alison M , McGee-Lennon Marilyn , O’Donnell Catherine A , Bouamrane Matt-Mouley , Agbakoba Ruth , O’Connor Siobhan , Grieve Eleanor , Finch Tracy , Wyke Sally , Watson Nicholas , Browne Susan , Mair Frances S ,   the “dallas” evaluation team
Published: August 2015

Objective To identify implementation lessons from the United Kingdom Delivering Assisted Living Lifestyles at Scale (dallas) program—a large-scale, national technology program that aims to deliver a broad range of digital services and products to the public to promote health and well-being.

Materials and Methods Prospective, longitudinal qualitative research study investigating implementation processes. Qualitative data collected includes semi-structured e-Health Implementation Toolkit–led interviews at baseline/mid-point ( n = 38), quarterly evaluation, quarterly technical and barrier and solutions reports, observational logs, quarterly evaluation alignment interviews with project leads, observational data collected during meetings, and ethnographic data from dallas events ( n > 200 distinct pieces of qualitative data). Data analysis was guided by Normalization Process Theory, a sociological theory that aids conceptualization of implementation issues in complex healthcare settings.

Results Five key challenges were identified: 1) The challenge of establishing and maintaining large heterogeneous, multi-agency partnerships to deliver new models of healthcare; 2) The need for resilience in the face of barriers and set-backs including the backdrop of continually changing external environments; 3) The inherent tension between embracing innovative co-design and achieving delivery at pace and at scale ; 4) The effects of branding and marketing issues in consumer healthcare settings; and 5) The challenge of interoperability and information governance, when commercial proprietary models are dominant.

Conclusions The magnitude and ambition of the dallas program provides a unique opportunity to investigate the macro level implementation challenges faced when designing and delivering digital health and wellness services at scale. Flexibility, adaptability, and resilience are key implementation facilitators when shifting to new digitally enabled models of care.
Structure and sources of the sporadic meteor background from video observations
Authors: Jakšová Ivana , Porubčan Vladimír , Klačka Jozef
Published: August 2015

We investigate and discuss the structure of the sporadic meteor background population in the near-Earth space based on video meteor orbits from the SonotaCo database (SonotaCo 2009, WGN, 37, 55). The selection of the shower meteors was done by the Southworth–Hawkins streams-search criterion (Southworth & Hawkins 1963, Smithson. Contr. Astrophys., 7, 261). Of a total of 117786 orbits, 69.34% were assigned to sporadic background meteors. Our analysis revealed all the known sporadic sources, such as the dominant apex source which is splitting into the northern and southern branch. Part of a denser ring structure about the apex source connecting the antihelion and north toroidal sources is also evident. We showed that the annual activity of the apex source is similar to the annual variation in activity of the whole sporadic background. The antihelion source exhibits a very broad maximum from July until January and the north toroidal source shows three maxima similar to the radar observations by the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR). Potential parent bodies of the sporadic population were searched for by comparison of the distributions of the orbital elements of sporadic meteors, minor planets and comets.
Risk of a Diagnosis of Dementia for Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries after Intensive Care
Authors: Guerra Carmen , Hua May , Wunsch Hannah
Published: August 2015

AbstractAbstract

By using an extended Cox model in a random sample of Medicare beneficiaries who received intensive care in 2005 in the United States and survived to hospital discharge matched with general population controls (age, sex, and race) with 3 yr follow-up, it was found that the rate of incidence of diagnoses of dementia among elderly survivors of critical illness was 60% higher than in the matched general population controls, but translated into only a 3% absolute increase in risk over 3 yr. This increased incidence was not accounted for by risk factors for dementia before the critical illness.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background

Critical illness is likely associated with an increased risk of dementia, but the magnitude remains uncertain.

Methods

The cohort was a random 2.5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries who received intensive care in 2005 and survived to hospital discharge. Patients were matched with general population controls (age, sex, and race) with 3 yr of follow-up. The authors used an extended Cox model to assess the risk of a diagnosis of dementia, adjusting for the known risk factors for dementia, and the competing risk of death.

Results

Among 10,348 intensive care patients who survived to hospital discharge, dementia was newly diagnosed in 1,648 (15.0%) over the 3 yr of follow-up versus 12.2% in controls (incidence per 1,000 person-years, 73.6; 95% CI, 70.0 to 77.1 vs. 45.8; 95% CI, 43.2 to 48.3; hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.50 to 1.74; P < 0.001). After accounting for the known risk factors in the year before the index hospitalization, the risk of receiving a diagnosis of dementia remained increased in patients who received intensive care (adjusted HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.54; P < 0.001). Inclusion of identifiable risk factors accrued during the quarter of critical illness accounted for almost all of the increased risks (adjusted HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.20; P = 0.06).

Conclusions

Elderly critical care survivors have a 60% increased relative risk, but only 3% increased absolute risk, of receiving a diagnosis of dementia in the subsequent 3 yr compared with the general population. This increased risk is not accounted for by risk factors preexisting the critical illness. Surveillance bias, which increases the likelihood of receiving a diagnosis of dementia, could account for some or all of these additional risks.
Incidence and Survival of Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms
Authors: Shaib Walid L. , Goodman Michael , Chen Zhengjia , Kim Sungjin , Brutcher Edith , Bekaii-Saab Tanios , El-Rayes Bassel F.
Published: August 2015

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to characterize the changes in the incidence, presentation, surgical treatment, and survival of patients with appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (AMN) over the past 4 decades using nationwide cancer surveillance data.

Methods:

Patients with the diagnosis of AMN were identified in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Information on demographics, disease characteristics, and surgical treatment was collected. Temporal changes in AMN incidence, characteristics of cases, and survival were analyzed from 1973 to 2011. Determinants of overall survival (OS) were examined using both crude and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models.

Results:

The overall incidence rate of AMN increased on average 3.1%/1,000,000 persons-years (P<0.001). A significant decline in the age at diagnosis was observed (P=0.014). The proportion of patients presenting with distant disease at diagnosis also significantly increased (P=0.004). Five-year survival of patients with distant stage AMN increased at a rate of 3.5%/y between 1984 and 2006 (P<0.001). Median OS was not reached for localized and regional stage disease. Median OS for distant stage disease was 42 months.

Conclusions:

There has been an increase in the overall incidence of AMN with an observed increase in the proportion of younger age and distant stage at diagnosis. The OS has improved over time.
Novel nanocomposite biomaterials with controlled copper/calcium release capability for bone tissue engineering multifunctional scaffolds
Authors: Cattalini J. P. , Hoppe A. , Pishbin F. , Roether J. , Boccaccini A. R. , Lucangioli S. , Mouriño V.
Published: August 2015

This work aimed to develop novel composite biomaterials for bone tissue engineering (BTE) made of bioactive glass nanoparticles (Nbg) and alginate cross-linked with Cu2+or Ca2+(AlgNbgCu, AlgNbgCa, respectively). Two-dimensional scaffolds were prepared and the nanocomposite biomaterials were characterized in terms of morphology, mechanical strength, bioactivity, biodegradability, swelling capacity, release profile of the cross-linking cations and angiogenic properties. It was found that both Cu2+and Ca2+are released in a controlled and sustained manner with no burst release observed. Finally,in vitroresults indicated that the bioactive ions released from both nanocomposite biomaterials were able to stimulate the differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells towards the osteogenic lineage. In addition, the typical endothelial cell property of forming tubes in Matrigel was observed for human umbilical vein endothelial cells when in contact with the novel biomaterials, particularly AlgNbgCu, which indicates their angiogenic properties. Hence, novel nanocomposite biomaterials made of Nbg and alginate cross-linked with Cu2+or Ca2+were developed with potential applications for preparation of multifunctional scaffolds for BTE.
Modelling human mobility patterns using photographic data shared online
Authors: Barchiesi Daniele , Preis Tobias , Bishop Steven , Moat Helen Susannah
Published: August 2015

Humans are inherently mobile creatures. The way we move around our environment has consequences for a wide range of problems, including the design of efficient transportation systems and the planning of urban areas. Here, we gather data about the position in space and time of about 16 000 individuals who uploaded geo-tagged images from locations within the UK to the
Flickr
photo-sharing website. Inspired by the theory of Lévy flights, which has previously been used to describe the statistical properties of human mobility, we design a machine learning algorithm to infer the probability of finding people in geographical locations and the probability of movement between pairs of locations. Our findings are in general agreement with official figures in the UK and on travel flows between pairs of major cities, suggesting that online data sources may be used to quantify and model large-scale human mobility patterns.
Comment on “Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions”
Authors: Tarabichi Maxime , Detours Vincent
Published: August 2015

Tomasetti and Vogelstein (Science 347, 78–81, 2015) claimed that “primary prevention measures are not likely to be very effective” for many cancers because they arise mostly from random mutations fixed during stem cell division, independently of specific genetic or environmental factors. We demonstrate that their calculation for hepatocellular carcinomas overlooked a major subset of tumors proven to be preventable through vaccination. The problem, which is not limited to hepatocellular carcinoma, arises from the general reliance of their analysis on average USA incidences and the omission of incidences in specific risk groups.
How Social Wealth Funds Could Help Tackle Inequality
Authors: Lansley Stewart
Published: August 2015

This article examines the potential to tackle the roots of inequality by the introduction of one or more social wealth funds. Such funds would aim to capture some of the financial gains from the private ownership of capital—a principal driver of inequality—and use the proceeds for wider community benefit, such as investment in social infrastructure. In recent decades a number of countries have introduced a variant on such funds, mostly taking the form of state‐owned sovereign wealth funds resourced through the exploitation of oil, and used for a diversity of economic purposes. In contrast, the UK has failed to take the opportunity to create such funds by, for example, reinvesting the revenue from the sales of public assets. So would it be possible to build one or more such collectively owned funds in the UK, and if so, how should they be financed? As well as funding social investment and anti‐inequality programmes, could such a scheme also help finance a regular Citizen's Dividend payment or a Citizen's Income scheme?
Australian survey on current practices for breast radiotherapy
Authors: Dundas Kylie L , Pogson Elise M , Batumalai Vikneswary , Boxer Miriam M , Yap Mei Ling , Delaney Geoff P , Metcalfe Peter , Holloway Lois
Published: August 2015

Introduction

Detailed, published surveys specific to Australian breast radiotherapy practice were last conducted in 2002. More recent international surveys specific to breast radiotherapy practice include a European survey conducted in 2008/2009 and a Spanish survey conducted in 2009. Radiotherapy techniques continue to evolve, and the utilisation of new techniques, such as intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), is increasing. This survey aimed to determine current breast radiotherapy practices across Australia.

Method

An online survey was completed by 50 of the 69 Australian radiation therapy treatment centres.

Results

Supine tangential beam whole breast irradiation remains the standard of care for breast radiotherapy in Australia. A growing number of institutions are exploring prone positioning and IMRT utilisation. This survey demonstrated a wide variation in the benchmarks used to limit and report organ at risk doses, prescribed dose regimen, and post‐mastectomy bolus practices. This survey also indicated, when compared with international literature, that there may be less interest in or uptake of external beam partial breast irradiation, prone positioning, simultaneous integrated boost and breath hold techniques. These are areas where further review and research may be warranted to ensure Australian patients are receiving the best care possible based on the best evidence available.

Conclusion

This survey provides insight into the current radiotherapy practice for breast cancer in Australia.
Pauci‐immune glomerulonephritis: does negativity of anti‐neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies matters?
Authors: Sharma Aman , Nada Ritambra , Naidu Godasi S. R. S. N. K. , Minz Ranjana W. , Kohli Harbir Singh , Sakhuja Vinay , Gupta Krishan Lal , Rathi Manish
Published: August 2015

Aim

A significant proportion of pauci‐immune glomerulonephritis (PIGN) patients are reported to have absence of anti‐neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). However, studies are controversial regarding their significance and there is limited data after the new prognostic classification of PIGN.

Methods

Renal biopsy‐proven cases of PIGN were included and their clinical details, ANCA status by immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) and treatment outcomes at 6 months were noted. The renal biopsies were classified according to the proposed histopathological classification. Scoring was done from 0–3 for interstitial edema, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA), interstitial inflammation and arteriosclerosis. The percentage of glomeruli with sclerosis, cellular and fibrous crescents, and percentage of subjects with glomerulitis, tuft necrosis, interstitial granuloma and vasculitis were noted.

Results

Out of the 84 subjects included in the study, 33 (39.3%) were negative for ANCA by both IIF and ELISA. These subjects had significantly higher renal involvement, less extra‐renal manifestations and lower BVAS. On histology, they had significantly higher proportion of crescentic class (66.7% vs. 41.2%, P = 0.039), higher number of cellular crescents (66.12% vs. 53.3%, P = 0.00008), higher IFTA (1.53 vs. 1.02, P = 0.009) and less interstitial edema (1.44 vs. 1.96, P = 0.003). The treatment outcomes were worse in ANCA‐negative PIGN subjects, with significantly less improvement (37.2% vs. 62.8%, P = 0.02), more deterioration (40.7% vs. 14%, P = 0.006), and reduced probability of becoming dialysis free (31.6% vs. 69.6% P = 0.009).

Conclusions

A negative ANCA in PIGN is associated with crescentic class, more IFTA and poor treatment outcomes.
Atypical antidepressants extend lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by activation of a non‐cell‐autonomous stress response
Authors: Rangaraju Sunitha , Solis Gregory M. , Andersson Sofia I. , Gomez‐Amaro Rafael L. , Kardakaris Rozina , Broaddus Caroline D. , Niculescu Alexander B. , Petrascheck Michael
Published: August 2015

Oxidative stress has long been associated with aging and has recently been linked to psychiatric disorders, including psychosis and depression. We identified multiple antipsychotics and antidepressants that extend Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan and protect the animal from oxidative stress. Here, we report that atypical antidepressants activate a neuronal mechanism that regulates the response to oxidative stress throughout the animal. While the activation of the oxidative stress response by atypical antidepressants depends on synaptic transmission, the activation by reactive oxygen species does not. Lifespan extension by atypical antidepressants depends on the neuronal oxidative stress response activation mechanism. Neuronal regulation of the oxidative stress response is likely to have evolved as a survival mechanism to protect the organism from oxidative stress, upon detection of adverse or dangerous conditions by the nervous system.
Protected Areas, Country and Value: The Nature–Culture Tyranny of the IUCN's Protected Area Guidelines for Indigenous Australians
Authors: Lee Emma
Published: August 2015

“Protected areas” is the formal definition for the global network of conservation places, including marine and terrestrial reserves, which are overseen by the IUCN through instruments such as the Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories (Guidelines). In the long‐term conservation of nature, the Guidelines embed a nature–culture dualism, upon which the values of each are ascribed and weighted. This binary does not recognise relational values of Indigenous peoples to land or encompass worldviews beyond the restricted choice of the dualism. Through two Australian Aboriginal case studies, I reveal tensions in classifying cultural values for protected areas under the limited Guidelines offerings and provide an alternative engagement, through reassessing the means and scope by which values are assigned, for greater equity to Indigenous peoples.
Combined Ex Vivo 9.4T MRI and Quantitative Histopathological Study in Normal and Pathological Neocortical Resections in Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Reeves Cheryl , Tachrount Mohamed , Thomas David , Michalak Zuzanna , Liu Joan , Ellis Matthew , Diehl Beate , Miserocchi Anna , McEvoy Andrew W. , Eriksson Sofia , Yousry Tarek , Thom Maria
Published: August 2015

High‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may improve the preoperative diagnosis of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in epilepsy. Quantitative 9.4T MRI was carried out (T1, T2, T2* and magnetization transfer ratio) on 13 cortical resections, representing pathologically confirmed FCD (five cases) and normal cortex. Quantitative immunohistochemistry for myelination (myelin basic protein/SMI94), neuronal populations [microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2), neurofilament (SMI31, SMI32), synaptophysin, NeuN, calbindin], reactive glia (GFAP), microglia (CD68) and blood–brain barrier permeability (albumin) was carried out in 43 regions of interest (ROI) from normal and abnormal white matter and cortex. MRI was spatially aligned and quantitative analysis carried out on corresponding ROI. Line profile analysis (LPA) of intensity gradients through the cortex was carried out on MRI and immunostained sections. An inverse correlation was noted between myelin/SMI94 and T1, T2 (P < 0.005) and T2* (P < 0.05; Spearman's correlation) and a positive correlation between neuronal MAP2 and T1 (P < 0.005) and T2* (P < 0.05) over all ROI. Similar pathology–MRI correlations were observed for histologically unremarkable white matter ROI only. LPA showed altered gradient contours in regions of FCD, reflecting abnormal cortical lamination and myelo‐architecture, including a preoperatively undetected FCD case. This study demonstrates the ability of quantitative 9.4T MRI to detect subtle differences in neuronal numbers and myelination in histologically normal appearing white matter and LPA in the evaluation of cortical dyslamination. These methods may be translatable to the in vivo detection of mild cortical malformations.
A systematic review of parenting interventions for parents of children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Lohan A. , Morawska A. , Mitchell A.
Published: August 2015

Objective

To summarize the parenting intervention literature for parents of children aged 2–10 years (mean age <10 years) with type 1 diabetes and to evaluate intervention efficacy in improving a range of parent, family and child outcomes. The present review de‐emphasizes the traditional medical approach to illness management summarized in previous reviews and focuses on parenting factors identified in the literature as important to diabetes management. This review article is important as it outlines the present state of parenting intervention literature for this population.

Methods

Electronic searches were conducted for seven databases (Cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane library and Web of Science) from their start dates until April 2014. Reference lists of all included papers were also searched for potentially relevant articles.

Results

Seven papers, representing six studies, met the inclusion criteria. Three studies primarily focused on improving parenting practices. The intervention programmes described in the remaining studies comprised multiple components; thus, it is difficult to establish the contribution of the parenting components to improving outcomes.

Conclusions

Parenting interventions may help to improve responsibility sharing and cooperation in diabetes management, child behaviour difficulties, parental behaviour, parents' psychological distress and child health outcomes. This review suggests the need for further well‐designed trials of parenting interventions to determine their specific contribution to improving outcomes for this population.
Interactive Sketch‐Driven Image Synthesis
Authors: Turmukhambetov Daniyar , Campbell Neill D.F. , Goldman Dan B , Kautz Jan
Published: August 2015

We present an interactive system for composing realistic images of an object under arbitrary pose and appearance specified by sketching. Our system draws inspiration from a traditional illustration workflow: The user first sketches rough ‘masses’ of the object, as ellipses, to define an initial abstract pose that can then be refined with more detailed contours as desired. The system is made robust to partial or inaccurate sketches using a reduced‐dimensionality model of pose space learnt from a labelled collection of photos. Throughout the composition process, interactive visual feedback is provided to guide the user. Finally, the user's partial or complete sketch, complemented with appearance requirements, is used to constrain the automatic synthesis of a novel, high‐quality, realistic image.
Use of Bristol Stool Form Scale to predict the adequacy of bowel preparation – a prospective study
Authors: Malhotra A. , Shah N. , Depasquale J. , Baddoura W. , Spira R. , Rector T.
Published: August 2015

Aim

Inadequate bowel preparation continues to be a substantial problem for colonoscopy. The seven‐point Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) has been associated with delayed colonic transit in adults. We evaluated the utility of the BSFS to identify patients more likely to present with an inadequate preparation.

Method

Two large community‐based academic medical centres in New Jersey, USA, studied a prospective cohort of 411 consecutive patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy who were prescribed similar bowel preparations. The BSFS and several other study variables were collected by gastroenterology fellows during an outpatient visit prior to scheduling colonoscopy. All colonoscopy examinations were performed in the morning by a gastroenterologist who graded the adequacy of bowel preparation. Inadequate preparation was defined as one resulting in a repeat colonoscopy at a shorter time interval than would generally be recommended based solely on risk factors or pathological findings. The ability of study variables to discriminate those who did or did not have an adequate preparation was summarized by the c‐statistic. The relationship between variables that provided some discrimination and the probability of an adequate preparation was modelled using logistic regression.

Results

The mean age of the study sample was 56 ± 8 (SD) years and 63% were women. Bowel preparation was adequate in 337 (82%) of the patients. The BSFS ratings ranged from 1 to 7. The score was <3 in 144 (35%) indicating lower gastrointestinal motility. There was a statistically significant association between the score and the probability of an adequate bowel preparation (odds ratio 1.4; 95% confidence interval 1.2–1.7; P < 0.001) and the c‐statistic was 0.64 (0.58–0.70).

Conclusion

Use of the BSFS may help identify patients for whom standard bowel preparation most probably will not be adequate.
Sebaceous carcinoma within rippled/carcinoid pattern sebaceoma
Authors: Misago Noriyuki , Toda Shuji
Published: August 2015

Although the histogenesis of sebaceous carcinomas remains unclear, the occurrence of intraepidermal or intraepithelial sebaceous carcinoma in the epidermis or conjunctiva may suggest de novo histogenesis. This report describes a case of sebaceous carcinoma within preexisting rippled/carcinoid pattern sebaceoma. This lesion was composed of two (benign and malignant) components, and the benign component of the lesion showed the typical features of a rippled/carcinoid pattern sebaceoma. Although evidence of trauma as well as a vertical orientation was seen in this lesion, the malignant component of the lesion showed histopathological evidence of malignancy (sebaceous carcinoma), such as the aggregations with irregular and infiltrated borders, a sheet‐like growth pattern, and the cytopathological findings of the neoplastic cells, showing a high‐grade of malignancy (a high mitotic index and abnormal mitotic figures). The immunohistochemical staining for p53, Ki‐67 and D2‐40 also favored this diagnosis. This sebaceous carcinoma component was considered to be the incipient stage of carcinoma within preexisting sebaceoma, therefore, it was still considered to be a vertically oriented lesion. This case shows the possibility that abnormal (malignant) sebaceous germinative cells may originate within a sebaceoma, thereby suggesting that some sebaceous carcinomas may develop from preexisting sebaceomas.
Cutaneous basal cell carcinosarcoma: case report and literature review
Authors: Zbacnik Anthony P. , Rawal Ajay , Lee Bailey , Werling Robert , Knapp Dennis , Mesa Hector
Published: August 2015

Carcinosarcomas are malignant neoplasms with biphasic carcinomatous and sarcomatous or sarcoma‐like components. In general, the sarcomatous component is accepted to be the result of divergent mesenchymal differentiation of the epithelial component. Although well characterized in some anatomic locations (e.g. uterus, upper aerodigestive tract and lung), carcinosarcomas of the skin are rare. Reported epithelial components include squamous, adnexal, neuroendocrine and basaloid. Including this case, only 47 cases of primary cutaneous basal cell carcinosarcoma have been reported in the literature to date. We performed an extensive immunophenotypic evaluation in our case, which confirmed the previously reported coexpression of p53 in both components, and revealed a hitherto unreported coexpression of p16 and p63. Additionally, this report reviews the clinical, pathologic, immunophenotypic characteristics and outcomes of the basal cell carcinosarcomas reported in the literature, in order to emphasize the overall uniform characteristics and clinical behavior of this neoplasm.
Syringocystadenoma papilliferum of the male nipple
Authors: Kasashima Satomi , Kawashima Atsuhiro , Fujii Takahiko
Published: August 2015

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a rare and benign cutaneous adnexal tumor, particularly infrequent in the breast, with only one previous case affecting a female nipple. The present tumor was located at the nipple of a 23‐year‐old man. This tumor consisted of several cysts and satisfied the characteristic microscopic features of SP: numerous papillary projections of double‐layered glandular epithelium and a fibrovascular core with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Interestingly, many cysts were lined by stratified squamous epithelium with transition to glandular epithelium. Immunohistochemically, almost all structures were negative for gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15, androgen receptor, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. The immunoprofiles of glandular epithelium were inadequate for the mature two‐cell pattern of skin adnexal glands and mammary glands; most basal cuboidal cells lacked α‐smooth muscle actin, and some of the luminal columnar cells were negative for cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 19. The clinical and pathological features of this uncommon tumor are presented, along with a review of the literature of SP of the breast.
Histiocytoid neutrophilic dermatitis, an unusual histopathology in neonatal lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sitthinamsuwan Panitta , Nitiyarom Rattanavalai , Chairatchaneeboon Manasmon , Wisuthsarewong Wanee
Published: August 2015

The authors reported histiocytoid neutrophilic dermatitis in neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE). One‐month‐old male infant presented with annular erythematous plaques at the face and trunk. Serologic studies revealed positive anti‐ribonuclear protein antibodies (RNP) and antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Histopathology showed predominant myeloid lineage mononuclear cells admixed with segmented neutrophils. This finding is uncommon in cutaneous NLE. Cutaneous NLE and LE should be included in the differential diagnosis of histiocytoid neutrophilic dermatitis. Additional immunohistochemistry studies with clinical and serologic correlations are important to differentiate histiocytoid neutrophilic dermatitis from the other diagnoses, especially leukemic cutis in young patients.
Evaluation of the 2008 World Health Organization classification for non‐mycosis fungoides, non‐Sezary syndrome T/NK‐cell lymphomas with primary cutaneous involvement
Authors: Chang Daniel , Zerbini Maria Cláudia Nogueira , Sotto Mirian Nacagami , Siqueira Sheila Aparecida Coelho , Sanches José Antonio
Published: August 2015

Background

Cutaneous non‐mycosis fungoides non‐Sezary syndrome T/NK cell lymphomas (non‐MF/non‐SS CTCL) are rare. In 2005, a consensus of the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) classifications for primary cutaneous lymphomas was established. These guidelines were then adopted into the WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, 2008. This study aims to assess the applicability of the WHO 2008 classification in a retrospective series of CTCL cases registered in a reference academic center in Brazil.

Methods

Twenty‐seven patients with non‐MF/non‐SS CTCL were studied. Clinical, histopathological and immunophenotypical features based on an extensive panel of antibodies were applied to classify the cases according to the WHO, 2008.

Results

Overall, diagnostic categories included eight (29.6%) cutaneous anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma, five (18.5%) lymphomatoid papulosis, six (22.2%) extranodal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type, five (18.5%) adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma, one (3.7%) cutaneous CD8‐positive aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T‐cell lymphoma and two (7.4%) of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (NOS).

Conclusions

The WHO classification (2008) was applicable to most cases of non‐MF/non‐SS CTCL, while some cases remained unclassified and were considered NOS‐peripheral T‐cell lymphoma. An unexpected high frequency of NK/T‐cell lymphoma nasal type was observed.
Hair growth‐promotion effects of different alternating current parameter settings are mediated by the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin and MAPK pathway
Authors: Sohn Ki Min , Jeong Kwan Ho , Kim Jung Eun , Park Young Min , Kang Hoon
Published: August 2015

Electrical stimulation is being used in variable skin therapeutic conditions. There have been clinical studies demonstrating the positive effect of electrical stimuli on hair regrowth. However, the underlying exact mechanism and optimal parameter settings are not clarified yet. To investigate the effects of different parameter settings of electrical stimuli on hair growth by examining changes in human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) in vitro and by observing molecular changes in animal tissue. In vitro, cultured hDPCs were electrically stimulated with different parameter settings at alternating current (AC). Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The Ki67 expression was measured by immunofluorescence. Hair growth‐related gene expressions were measured by RT‐PCR. In animal model, different parameter settings of AC were applied to the shaved dorsal skin of rabbit for 8 weeks. Expression of hair‐related genes in the skin of rabbit was examined by RT‐PCR. At low voltage power (3.5 V) and low frequency (1 or 2 MHz) with AC, in vitro proliferation of hDPCs was successfully induced. A significant increase in Wnt/β‐catenin, Ki67, p‐ERK and p‐AKT expressions was observed under the aforementioned settings. In animal model, hair regrowth was observed in the entire stimulated areas under individual conditions. Expression of hair‐related genes in the skin significantly increased on the 6th week of treatment. There are optimal conditions for electrical stimulated hair growth, and they might be different in the cells, animals and human tissues. Electrical stimuli induce mechanisms such as the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin and MAPK pathway in hair follicles.
The Global Financial Crisis, Family Control, and Dividend Policy
Authors: Attig Najah , Boubakri Narjess , El Ghoul Sadok , Guedhami Omrane
Published: August 2015

Using newly collected data on the ultimate ownership structure of publicly traded firms in nine East Asian economies, we find that family control is negatively related to the dividend payout ratio. Family firms are less (more) likely to increase (omit) dividends than non‐family firms. These negative associations between family firms and dividend policy are more pronounced during the recent global financial crisis, suggesting that controlling families have incentives to expropriate more firm resources during crises than in normal times.
Strengthened currents override the effect of warming on lobster larval dispersal and survival
Authors: Cetina‐Heredia Paulina , Roughan Moninya , van Sebille Erik , Feng Ming , Coleman Melinda A.
Published: August 2015

Human‐induced climate change is projected to increase ocean temperature and modify circulation patterns, with potential widespread implications for the transport and survival of planktonic larvae of marine organisms. Circulation affects the dispersal of larvae, whereas temperature impacts larval development and survival. However, the combined effect of changes in circulation and temperature on larval dispersal and survival has rarely been studied in a future climate scenario. Such understanding is crucial to predict future species distributions, anticipate ecosystem shifts and design effective management strategies. We simulate contemporary (1990s) and future (2060s) dispersal of lobster larvae using an eddy‐resolving ocean model in south‐eastern Australia, a region of rapid ocean warming. Here we show that the effects of changes in circulation and temperature can counter each other: ocean warming favours the survival of lobster larvae, whereas a strengthened western boundary current diminishes the supply of larvae to the coast by restricting cross‐current larval dispersal. Furthermore, we find that changes in circulation have a stronger effect on connectivity patterns of lobster larvae along south‐eastern Australia than ocean warming in the future climate so that the supply of larvae to the coast reduces by ~4% and the settlement peak shifts poleward by ~270 km in the model simulation. Thus, ocean circulation may be one of the dominant factors contributing to climate‐induced changes of species ranges.
Effect of physical and thermal processing upon benzylglucosinolate content in tubers of the Brassicaceae maca (Lepidium meyenii) using a novel rapid analytical technique
Authors: Li Jing , Zou Ying , Sun Qingrui , Yang Cheng , Yang Jinwei , Zhang Lianfu
Published: August 2015

Benzylglucosinolate (BG) was extracted by 70% methanol from maca and purified on acidic alumina column and semi‐preparative Cosmosil cholester column. The purified sample was verified as BG by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The purity was 98.3% as determined by HPLC‐MS. BG content of maca was quantified using external standard method by HPLC. Effect of physical and thermal processing on BG content of maca was investigated. When maca was steamed for 5 min before shredding, no significant difference of BG content was observed during postshredding time, while raw maca lost 57.2% of BG in 24 h. Steamed maca showed no significant loss of BG after drying at the temperature from 20 to 80 °C in 24 h. Thermal degradation was described by the first‐order kinetics–Arrhenius equation for BG in the temperature range of 90–100 °C.
Java project on periodontal diseases: causes of tooth loss in a cohort of untreated individuals
Authors: van der Velden Ubele , Amaliya Amaliya , Loos Bruno G. , Timmerman Mark F. , van der Weijden Fridus A. , Winkel Edwin G. , Abbas Frank
Published: August 2015

Objective

To assess the relative contribution of caries and periodontal disease to tooth loss over 24 years in a cohort deprived of regular dental care.

Material & Methods

The study population consisted of 98 subjects from a tea estate on West Java, Indonesia, that had been part of a prospective longitudinal study and provided full datasets of clinical assessments between 1987, 1994 and 2002. In 2011, complete sets of dental radiographs were made which was combined with the survey forms and clinical slides from the previous assessments in order to estimate reasons for tooth loss.

Results

Thirty‐seven subjects lost no teeth, whereas 61 subjects lost 185 teeth. In this group, 45.9% lost ≤2 teeth, 32.8% lost 3 to 4 teeth and 19.7% lost ≥5 teeth. The majority of teeth were lost due to caries. In five subjects, tooth loss could be attributed solely to periodontitis, whereas in four subjects teeth were lost due to both caries and periodontits. Analyses of the predictor variables age, gender, smoking, education, presence of caries and severe periodontitis showed that male gender and caries were significantly associated with tooth loss.

Conclusion

The majority of teeth in this population were lost due to caries.
Perceptions of pharmacists and patients on information provision and their influence on patient satisfaction in Japanese community pharmacies
Authors: Takaki Hiroko , Abe Takeru , Hagihara Akihito
Published: August 2015

Rationale, aims and objectives

The provision of information is now considered a major area in pharmacist–patient interactions. However, few reports have simultaneously evaluated patient and pharmacist perceptions with regard to the pharmacist's information provision. The aims were to clarify the perceptions of pharmacists and patients regarding information provision and the level of influence of those perceptions on patient satisfaction.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey with respect to information provision was conducted for patients and pharmacists in community pharmacies in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. In total, 407 patient–pharmacist pairs were included in a t‐test and multilevel analysis.

Results

The levels of patient perception regarding information provision were significantly higher than the levels of pharmacist perception in all variables. The pharmacists' perceived level of information provision concerning medication effects had a negative and significant association with patient satisfaction, while the patients' perceived level of information provision by the pharmacist had a positive and significant association with patient satisfaction. Higher patient expectations regarding the level of information provision concerning medication side effects and older age of the pharmacist were adversely related to patient satisfaction. Both pharmacist and patient perceptions of the information provision by pharmacists personalized to the patient had positive associations with patient satisfaction.

Conclusions

Pharmacist perceptions related to the information provision were not associated with patient satisfaction. The present study highlights accurate information provision, building good patient–pharmacist relationships, and improving pharmaceutical care in community pharmacy settings.
Shaping up: a geometric morphometric approach to assemblage ecomorphology
Authors: Bower L. M. , Piller K. R.
Published: August 2015

This study adopts an ecomorphological approach to test the utility of body shape as a predictor of niche relationships among a stream fish assemblage of the Tickfaw River (Lake Pontchartrain Basin) in southeastern Louisiana, U.S.A. To examine the potential influence of evolutionary constraints, analyses were performed with and without the influence of phylogeny. Fish assemblages were sampled throughout the year, and ecological data (habitat and tropic guild) and body shape (geometric morphometric) data were collected for each fish specimen. Multivariate analyses were performed to examine relationships and differences between body shape and ecological data. Results indicate that a relationship exists between body shape and trophic guild as well as flow regime, but no significant correlation between body shape and substratum was found. Body shape was a reliable indicator of position within assemblage niche space.
Acetylcholine induces fibrogenic effects via M2/M3 acetylcholine receptors in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and in primary human hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Morgan Maelle L , Sigala Barbara , Soeda Junpei , Cordero Paul , Nguyen Vi , McKee Chad , Mouraliderane Angelina , Vinciguerra Manlio , Oben Jude A
Published: August 2015

Background

The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), via neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), modulates fibrogenesis in animal models. However, the role of ACh in human hepatic fibrogenesis is unclear.

Aims

We aimed to determine the fibrogenic responses of human hepatic stellate cells (hHSC) to ACh and the relevance of the PNS in hepatic fibrosis in patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Methods

Primary hHSC were analyzed for synthesis of endogenous ACh and acetylcholinesterase and gene expression of choline acetyltransferase and muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChR). Cell proliferation and fibrogenic markers were analyzed in hHSC exposed to ACh, atropine, mecamylamine, methoctramine, and 4‐diphenylacetoxy‐N‐methylpiperidine methiodide. mAChR expression was analyzed in human NASH scored for fibrosis.

Results

We observed that hHSC synthesize ACh and acetylcholinesterase and express choline acetyltransferase and M1–M5 mAChR. We also show that M2 was increased during NASH progression, while both M2 and M3 were found upregulated in activated hHSC. Furthermore, endogenous ACh is required for hHSC basal growth. Exogenous ACh resulted in hHSC hyperproliferation via mAChR and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase and Mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) signaling pathways, as well as increased fibrogenic markers.

Conclusion

We show that ACh regulates hHSC activation via M2 and M3 mAChR involving the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase and MEK pathways in vitro. Finally, we provide evidence that the PNS may be involved in human NASH fibrosis.
Aged care residents in the emergency department: the experiences of relatives
Authors: Morphet Julia , Decker Kelly , Crawford Kimberley , Innes Kelli , Williams Allison Fiona , Griffiths Debra
Published: August 2015

Aims and objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of relatives who had a family member in an aged care facility subsequently transferred to an emergency department.

Background

The provision of timely and relevant patient information is vital for assessment and management of older patients presenting to the emergency department from aged care facilities. Older people are commonly accompanied by relatives who are an important resource for emergency department staff, providing medical information and assisting with treatment decisions. Investigating the experiences of relatives may provide key information to enable improvements in the delivery of emergency department care.

Design

This study used a descriptive qualitative design.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 24 relatives of residents who were transferred from an aged care facility to an emergency department in Victoria, Australia in the previous three years. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse the transcripts.

Results

Relatives reflected on four main themes following their emergency department visit: The need for clear communication; The role of relatives in emergency department care; How older people are perceived in the health care system and an Ability to provide specialised care.

Conclusions

Many people link their emergency department experience to the quality of communication with emergency department staff, and participants in this study felt satisfied with their visit when they were included in discussions about treatment, and their role was recognised by staff members. In contrast, participants were dissatisfied with the care provided to their family member when staff members failed to communicate with them, or recognise their role in the care of the family member.

Relevance to clinical practice

The findings of this study emphasise the importance of effective communication between emergency department staff and family members, in relation to treatment and end‐of‐life care.
Effects of Trait Self‐Control on Response Conflict About Healthy and Unhealthy Food
Authors: Gillebaart Marleen , Schneider Iris K. , De Ridder Denise T. D.
Published: August 2015

Self‐control leads to positive life outcomes, but it is poorly understood. While previous research has focused on self‐control failure, self‐control success remains unexplored. The current studies aim to shed more light on the mechanisms of self‐control by focusing on the resolution of response conflict as a key component in self‐control success. Trait self‐control was measured, and participants reported on the magnitude of response conflict they experienced about healthy and unhealthy foods in Study 1 (N = 146; Mage = 33.03; 59 females, 83 males, 4 unknown). The response conflict process was assessed in Study 2 (N = 118; Mage = 21.45; 68 females, 41 males, 9 unknown). Outcomes showed that self‐reported evaluative response conflict about food items was smaller for people high in trait self‐control. Study 2 revealed that higher trait self‐control predicted faster resolution of self‐control conflict, and an earlier peak of the response conflict. Taken together, these results provide insight into what makes people with high trait self‐control successful, namely, how they handle response conflict. Implications for self‐control theories and future directions are discussed.