bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inspection and Rehabilitation of Crude Oil Pipelines in Eastern Europe and the FSU
Authors: Feizlmayr Adolf H. , Fassl Helmut J.
Published: October 2016

Major leakages occurred during the last years demonstrate the risk involved with older pipeline systems in Eastern Europe and the FSU, which for the most part are not operated and maintained in accordance with nowadays safety standards.

The typical project approach to standardize the individual subsystem rather than engineering a customized approach, and unclear operating procedures are main causes for this situation.

Having little or no detailed information on condition of the individual systems makes it difficult to evaluate the risks involved. However, certain measures contribute to make a reasonable statement on the reliability of the system, to reduce the risk of environmental pollution significantly and to bring long term economic sustainability.

Using the experience gained through actual projects and with an individually well considered approach, a rehabilitation project in the FSU can be adequately assessed and carried out to ensure optimum deferred expenditure while meeting all relevant environmental and safety requirements.
Environmental Inspection: Down in the Trenches
Authors: Buszynski Mario E.
Published: October 2016

This paper describes how the use of an environmental management plan can effectively anticipate problems that may occur during pipeline construction and make dealing with them easier. Examples from a recently completed natural gas pipeline project in eastern Ontario and our experience with environmental inspection of other pipelines in various jurisdictions are used to do this. The focus of the paper will be on environmental issues associated with smaller diameter, extra high pressure distribution pipelines, which have a distinctly different set of environmental considerations than do transmission pipelines.
Minimizing the Impacts of Pipeline Development on Native Prairie Ecosystems: A Public Land Manager’s Perspective
Authors: Gerling Heather S.
Published: October 2016

Native prairie is recognized in Alberta for its significant ecological, cultural and economic value. Much of the remaining prairie in Alberta is under public ownership and is managed for multiple uses and values. This paper illustrates how public land managers and industry cooperate to minimize disturbance to this valuable resource. The emphasis at the planning stage is proper inventory and identification of sensitive landscape, plant and animal features on proposed alignments, followed by appropriate realignment or mitigative action. At the pre-construction phase, environmental training of staff has raised awareness about the value of the prairie resource. During construction, the implementation of traffic control plans, shut down criteria and innovative soil handling techniques have reduced the overall impact of activities. Use of special equipment, erosion control techniques and revegetation strategies during reclamation can enhance the recovery of prairie disturbances. Proper monitoring is an important component of successful reclamation, and can lead to modifications of methods and equipment that give better future protection to this valuable landscape.
Sediment Entrainment During Construction of River Pipeline Crossings: Occurrence, Prediction and Control
Authors: Long Dejiang , Bender Michael J. , Sawatsky Les F. , Anderson Paul , Metikosh Serge
Published: October 2016

Sediment entrainment in rivers caused by pipeline watercourse crossing construction may represent a constraint on pipeline route selection and construction methods as designers attempt to develop a sediment and erosion control plan which meets regulatory approval without risk of costly delays. To avoid the risk of significant sediment entrainment, conventional open-cut crossing techniques may be replaced by more costly directional drilling methods. However, the concern over suspended sediment is greatest in high velocity rivers where the bed material includes a large fraction of fine sand, and in rivers with a large fraction of fine grained bed material which becomes suspended upon disturbance by construction activities. According to the current understanding of aquatic impacts due to elevated suspended sediment levels, the occurrence of suspended sediment may not be excessive at open-cut excavation in certain types of streams depending on the material consistency, fine sand content and river flow velocity (Anderson et al, 1996). Control of sand entrainment can normally be achieved by low cost sediment control systems during construction. Methods of prediction, impact assessment, and control of sediment entrainment have been developed so that high risk crossings can be identified and impacts minimized. The application of the study findings and best management practices (BMPs) for sediment control will allow developers to choose the most appropriate crossing method while avoiding potentially adverse impacts, based on a sound understanding of river sediment transport, bed material conditions and downstream aquatic resources.
Installation of Pipeline Pumps
Authors: Horner Jim W. , Savage Kevin W.
Published: October 2016

This paper reviews Trans Mountain’s recent experience with the installation of main line pumping units ranging in size from 670 to 1900 kw (500 to 2500 Hp). This includes a review of vibration problems encountered due to a structural resonance, how this problem was resolved and its impact on subsequent baseplate designs and their associated installation techniques.
The Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts and Benefits Associated With Developing a Natural Gas Distribution System in Nova Scotia
Authors: Buszynski Mario E. , Peacock Tanya
Published: October 2016

Novia Scotia, a province of about one million people, is located on the east coast of Canada. With the discovery of large natural gas reserves off the Scotian Shelf, offshore production platforms, undersea and onshore pipelines have been constructed to link the find with major markets in Boston by the end of 1999. The onshore pipeline through the province will allow a distribution system to be developed. This natural gas system will be the largest Greenfield development seen in North America for many years.

A billion-dollar expenditure is proposed to establish a local distribution company, which would construct and maintain around 8,000 kilometres of distribution and lateral pipelines in the province. An integral part of this program involves the provision of local benefits through hiring and purchasing of goods and services.

This paper describes aspects of the construction program and benefits plan proposed during the regulatory hearings in order to illustrate the methods used to ensure that the objectives of accessing the majority of Nova Scotians in a seven year planning horizon will be met. The varied landscapes to be crossed and specialized construction techniques to meet those challenges are discussed. The mechanisms in place to ensure maximum benefit for Nova Scotians are also discussed.

Up-to-date information will be presented to demonstrate how the benefits plan is being implemented. The successes of the benefits plan for the distribution utility and the other local megaproject in the province (Sable Offshore Energy) are compared. Conclusions will be drawn regarding successful strategies for implementing benefits plans related to large energy projects.
Case Histories of Pipeline Exposures at Stream Crossings in Alberta
Authors: Malcovish Craig D. , Janz Artur , Gray Delton M.
Published: October 2016

This paper describes the history of channel changes and associated pipeline exposure problems at five river and stream crossings in Alberta. Each case history reviews the various hydrologic and geomorphic factors that contributed to the erosion problem and describes the corrective action that was taken. A number of the examples illustrate the inherent difficulties in identifying potential erosion problems at the project design stage. Others show that with systematic monitoring and inspection procedures in place, remedial action can be planned and implemented well before pipeline integrity has been compromised.
Fibre Reinforced Composites in Pipeline Applications: Design Issues and Current Research
Authors: Ellyin Fernand , Wolodko John , Dorling David , Glover Alan , Jack Tom
Published: October 2016

Fibre reinforced polymeric composites used in pressure retaining structures are seen as an attractive alternative to products made from conventional materials due to their corrosion resistance and high strength-to-weight ratio. The reluctance in adopting composite materials, however, is due to a limited understanding of the material behaviour under a variety of loading and environmental conditions, and lack of qualified design methodologies. It is the purpose of this paper to address fundamental and applied issues regarding their feasibility and current limitations in pipeline applications. A review of pertinent research results with respect to the local and global behaviour in composite pipes will be discussed.
Fracture Behaviour and Defect Evaluation of Large Diameter, HSLA Steels, Very High Pressure Linepipes
Authors: Demofonti G. , Mannucci G. , Barsanti L. , Spinelli C. M. , Hillenbrand H. G.
Published: October 2016

Actually, the increase in natural gas needs in the European market, foreseen for the beginning of the next century, compels to develop new solutions for the exploitation of gas fields in remote areas. For natural gas transportation over long distances the hypothesis of a large diameter high-pressure pipeline, up to 150 bar (doubling of the actual one) has been found economically attractive, resulting in significant reduction of the transportation cost of the hydrocarbon. In this contest the interest amongst gas companies in the possible applications of high-grade steels (up to API X100) is growing. A research program, partially financed by E.C.S.C. (European Community for Coal and Steel), by a joint co-operation among Centro Sviluppo Materiali (CSM), S.N.A.M. and Europipe in order to investigate the fracture behaviour of large diameter, API X100 grade pipes at very high pressure (up to 150 bar) has been carried out.

This paper presents: the current status of technology of API X100 steel with respect to the combination of chemical composition, rolling variables and mechanical properties the results obtained from West Jefferson tests, in order to confirm the ductile-brittle transition behaviour stated from laboratory tests (DWTT), the results obtained concerning the control of long shear propagating fracture and in particular the results of a full scale crack propagation test on line operating at very high hoop stress (470 MPa). Besides, in order to investigate the defect tolerance behaviour of the pipe with respect to axial surface defect, burst tests with water as pressurising medium have been carried out and the relative results are presented and discussed.
Computer Simulations of Low Concentrations Slurry Flows in Pipelines
Authors: Leonenko Yuri , Vinogradov Oleg
Published: October 2016

In the paper a discrete system of particles carried by fluid is considered in a planar motion. The volumetric density of particles is taken between 1% and 2% so that they can be treated within the framework of a discrete dynamics model. The fluid is then considered as a carrier of particles. The Landau-Lifshitz concept of turbulence is used to describe the fluctuating part of fluid velocity. This approach is applied to simulate different regimes (laminar and turbulent) and various states of particle motion (moving bed, heterogeneous flow, and homogeneous flow) using only two parameters, which have to be determined experimentally. These two parameters, found for a particular pipe and for a particular velocity from a simple experiment, then have been used for simulations of flow for other pipe diameters and different velocities. The results agree favorably with experimental observations of the type of slurry flow and critical velocities identifying transitions from one type to another.
Use of Tubular Joint Stress Concentration Factor Parametric Formulae in the Analysis of Large Diameter Pipework Connections
Authors: Andrews R. M. , Wheat S. , Brown M. , Fowler C.
Published: October 2016

Parametric formulae derived for offshore structural tubular joints have been assessed for potential use for estimating stress intensification factors for pipe stress analysis. The background to these equations is given and comparisons made for a range of typical geometries. Despite the absence of a “plug” of material in a pipe joint, the tubular joint equations appear suitable for the estimation of stress intensification factors for fabricated tees subjected to moment loading of the branch. It is considered that this approach should be investigated further by code developers.
Innovative Project Management Techniques: Major International Pipeline Project
Authors: Marshall Robert G. , Galatiuk Robert , Mensik Michal
Published: October 2016

The Gasoducto del Pacifico Pipeline Project (GasPacifico), a 543 Km. pipeline transporting gas from the Province of Neuquen in Argentina to major cities in Chile, was accomplished in record time and under budget. The project was executed in a time frame even shorter than a previous fast track project in the region, the GasAndes Pipeline Project which also crossed the imposing Andes mountain range. Relying on the experience of the GasAndes Project, the Project Management Team, achieved success through the innovative implementation of project management techniques tailored to the specific challenges of the GasPacifico Project which include:

- The fast track nature of the project;

- Contractual obligations imposed by the Project Management Agreement between TransCanada International (TCI) and the owner, GasPacifico;

- Environmental contraints (route traversed a national park in Chile and areas of high erosion and instability);

- Seasonal constraints (one summer of construction, heavy rains in winter);

- Two countries with two sets of laws and stringent regulatory regimes;

- Procurement and importation of major equipment, materials and pipe.

The project management techniques balanced the triumvirate of quality, schedule and cost while managing the Owner’s risks within the boundary constraints of:

- Schedule commitments;

- Budget;

- Right-of-way acquisition;

- Regulatory Permits;

- Design challenges;

- Procurement limitations;

- Environment requirements;

- Construction challenges.

This paper presents the project management techniques used to manage these challenges, placing them in a relevant context, with the intent that learnings can be applied to other international projects.
Liquid Pipeline Stress Corrosion Cracking
Authors: Krishnamurthy Ravi M. , Martens Barry , Feser David , Marreck Peter , MacDonald Reg
Published: October 2016

The integrity management of a pipeline with stress corrosion cracking was accomplished in two distinct phases. The initial phase, from 1993 to 1996, consisted of excavations that quantified damage (stress corrosion cracking & corrosion), fracture mechanics modeling and hydrostatic testing, with a short-term objective of restoring Maximum Operating Pressure (MOP). Limited testing was conducted to evaluate the hydrostatic line on the 610 mm (24″) diameter line. The second phase, from 1996 until present, included running a shear wave ultrasonic tool, a zero degree ultrasonic tool, fracture mechanics modeling and rehabilitation digs. The extensive data collection during rehabilitation was utilized to evaluate the relationships between cracking susceptibility and degree of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) with parameters such as soil type, drainage, topography and magnitude of pressure fluctuations. Corrosion products predominantly consisted of iron carbonate, very much characteristic of the low pH SCC mechanism. Following the shear wave ultrasonic tool, a zero-degree compression wave ultrasonic tool was utilized to characterize the long axial corrosion locations with potential shallow cracking. A re-inspection plan was developed using crack growth rates, hydraulic simulations of pressure fluctuations and excavation data. The reliability of the pipeline was increased and the overall integrity management costs were reduced. Presently, hydrotesting is not being used to manage integrity of Rainbow’s system.
Combined Loading Tests of Large Diameter Corroded Pipelines
Authors: Smith Marina Q. , Waldhart Christopher J.
Published: October 2016

Current methods for estimating the remaining strength of aging, corroded pipelines have been restricted to the capabilities of pressure based engineering models that rely on the definition of hoop stress in the pipe wall. Because in practice, pipelines are subjected to a variety of loading conditions (e.g.; axial bending from settlement and thermal stresses) that act in concert with those derived by internal pressure, a multi-year combined testing and analysis program was initiated by the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company aimed at developing computer tools for the prediction of rupture and wrinkling in corroded pipes. During the program, seventeen full-scale tests of mechanically corroded 48-inch diameter (1219-mm), X65 pipes subjected to internal pressure, axial bending, and axial compression were performed to provide data necessary for the verification of analytical models and failure prediction models. While all of the tests were designed to produce rupture, wrinkling, as defined by the occurrence of a limit moment during the application of bending loads, was produced in eleven of the tests either prior to or instead of rupture. Loading of the pipe was intended to simulate that which would be observed by a pipe in-service and included both load control and displacement control of the applied bending load, and in some tests, intended to define the amount of additional pressure required to cause burst after wrinkling was produced.

Results of the tests showed that two different failure modes are produced depending on whether the bending moment is transmitted to the pipe as a fixed load or a fixed displacement, and consequently, the burst capacity of the corroded pipe may not be compromised by the presence of axial loads. This paper discusses the tests performed, including a description of the load schedule and corrosion geometries, and key results of the tests that were used in the development of a new strain-based burst prediction procedure for corroded pipes subjected to combined loads.
A New Multi-Level Assessment Procedure for Corroded Line Pipe
Authors: Cronin Duane S. , Pick Roy J.
Published: October 2016

A new assessment method to predict the failure pressure of corrosion defects in line pipe has been developed. Comparison to an experimental database shows that this new assessment procedure has advantages over existing techniques. The implementation of this method is proposed in a multi-level assessment procedure. The assessment levels are organized in terms of increasing complexity, with Level I being a lower bound solution and requiring only the maximum defect depth. The new assessment method requires detailed corrosion geometry measurements and is proposed as a Level II. Three dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analysis is proposed for the Level III. These methods assume the true stress-strain curve of the material is known, which can be determined from uniaxial tensile tests. When these material properties are unknown, the currently accepted codes are suggested for defect evaluation.
Automated Inspection of External Pipeline Corrosion With Laser-Based Pipeline Inspection Tool
Authors: Kania Richard
Published: October 2016

Integrity assessments for external corrosion damage on an exposed pipeline are only as accurate as the methods used to quantify the extent and severity of the damage. Inaccuracies in measurement can lead to unnecessary repairs or non-conservative assessments.

This paper describes the development and use of the second-generation Laser Pipeline Inspection Tool (LPIT). The LPIT is used to reliably and efficiently measure and assess corrosion damage on external surfaces of exposed in-service pipeline segments. To overcome the limitations of the previous system, Mark II LPIT utilizes a spot laser sensor that allows scanning of up to 103 degrees of pipe circumference. The sensor is mounted on a magnetic-wheeled crawler, which permits scanning of unlimited lengths of pipe in any clock position with high acquisition rates. Furthermore, the system has the ability to auto-steer at all orientations about the pipe.

Typical pipeline characteristics such as dents, bends, bulges and welds formerly impeded corrosion measurement. New sophisticated software (CorrosionPro98) easily accommodates such features allowing the system to provide an accurate and precise measurement of corrosion. CorrosionPro98 software incorporates the RSTRENG analysis that is used to assess the significance of the damage from the data and calculate the predicted failure pressure. The LPIT system provides colour-coded contour maps of corroded areas.
Freezing Technique Applied to an Offshore Pipeline at Campos Basin in Brazil
Authors: Bueno Sergio Ibajé O. , Murray Philip B.
Published: October 2016

This paper describes an offshore pipeline freezing technique that was used to isolate a gas pipeline to effect repairs and to and perform associated tests. The freezing technique was used after evaluation and land testing and was successful in returning the pipeline to production much sooner that the other compared conventional methods. This technique reduced the amount of water used in the gas pipeline and enabled the repairs to be pressure tested prior to returning the pipeline to service.
Predicting Pipeline Collapse Resistance
Authors: DeGeer Duane , Cheng J. J. Roger
Published: October 2016

Much research has been performed over the past twenty-five years to refine our basic understanding of tubular stability, which includes bifurcation, imperfect systems, factors influencing tubular stability and post-buckling behaviour. Tubular instability resulting from load combinations is not a trivial topic, particularly when inelastic material behaviour occurs. Many influencing factors must be considered when attempting to understand (and predict) the onset of instability.

Many existing collapse predictive methods are either simplistic or involve advanced plasticity or finite element methods. Simplistic methods are typically semi-empirical, and contain a degree of uncertainty resulting in conservative collapse predictions. Nonetheless, they are generally considered satisfactory for design purposes. Advanced methods normally involve high-end calculations using specialized software programs that might not be available for general use. Therefore, a relatively easy-to-use method that accurately predicts the actual collapse resistance is, in many cases, the most desirable option.

This paper presents a collapse predictive methodology, developed from a variety of research projects performed over the last fifteen years. The prediction method, which can easily be entered into a spreadsheet program, is applicable to most forms of tubular members, including pipelines. Applicable load combinations include external pressure, axial tension and bending. An overview of the parameters influencing collapse resistance is also provided, including manufacturing history, material modelling, and tubular geometry and imperfections. Also presented is a summary of accuracy of the method to predict some test results. The test database largely contains results of collapse tests on tubular members subject to only external pressure, and axial tension with external pressure. The adaptation of the method to include external pressure with bending is summarized, and the accuracy of the prediction method is demonstrated by predicting the results of the Oman-India and Blue Stream pipeline collapse test programs, and comparing these predictions with those of other well known methodologies.
Acoustic Leak Detection for Pipeline Systems Based on Spatial Filtering Technique
Authors: Masuda Arata
Published: October 2016

In this preliminary paper, we present a spatial filtering technique based on the wave equation for an one-dimensional waveguide and apply it to extract an acoustic leak signal, which is a symptom of a leak from a pipeline system, embedded in severe background noises. Two sets of sensor array, each of which consists of a pair of PVDF film elements, are installed at the both ends of the monitoring interval, so that the measured wave motions are decomposed into positive and negative traveling wave components. After an appropriate processing of these traveling waves, the background noises, which come from outside of the monitoring interval, are canceled and only the leak signal remains. Some preliminary experiments show that the proposed method can provide 10–100 times progress in the S/N ratio even if both the leak signal and the background noise are in the same frequency band.
Estimating Mixing Volumes Between Batches in Multiproduct Pipelines
Authors: Baptista Renan Martins , de Freitas Rachid Felipe Bastos , Carneiro de Araujo José Henrique
Published: October 2016

It is presented in this paper a new model for estimating mixing volumes which arises in batching transfers in multiproduct pipelines. The novel features of the model are the incorporation of the flow rate variation with time and the use of a more precise effective dispersion coefficient, which is considered to depend on the concentration. The governing equation of the model forms a non-linear initial-value problem that is solved by using a predictor-corrector finite difference method. A comparison among the theoretical predictions of the proposed model, a field test and other classical procedures show that it exhibits the best estimate over the whole range of admissible concentrations investigated.
Pipe Supports and Skid Platforms: An Overlooked Noise Problem
Authors: Patching Richard G.
Published: October 2016

When an energy industry facility must meet environmental noise regulations, the primary noise sources are the drivers (such as engines and motors), driven tools (such as compressors and pumps), air moving devices, and turbulent flow in valves and piping. The primary sound transmission path is the airborne radiation of noise, which is controlled by enclosures, lagging and silencers. The opportunity for sound energy to be transmitted through structural vibration and reradiated at another location is largely overlooked in typical acoustic impact analyses. Pipe support and skid structures often have large flat panels which are very efficient radiators of noise energy, where the sound energy generated by compressors can be emitted into the environment at some distance from the actual energy source. How a pipe is mounted on its supports, and the design of those supports, can have a significant effect on the noise emissions from its support structures.
Mechanical Vibration Problems With Variable Frequency Drives
Authors: Dickau Ralph , Perera Lal
Published: October 2016

Variable frequency drives are now frequently used to power large horsepower pipeline pumps to eliminate power costs wasted by throttling, to reduce inrush current on motor start, and to provide greater operating flexibility. This variable speed operation, however, can cause vibration problems in the pump and motor bearings, and in the couplings that are not normally experienced with fixed speed pumps. Enbridge Pipe Line has installed a number of variable frequency drives on units ranging from 2500 to 5000 hp in size and discovered unexpected torsional and lateral resonance vibration in the equipment at certain operating speeds. This presentation discusses the tests that were conducted to determine the source of the vibration, the theoretical analysis of the vibration modes and equipment responses, and the solutions that were implemented to reduce or eliminate the vibration. Recommendations are given for design principles that could be incorporated into the initial pump station design in order to avoid vibration problems with variable speed operation.
Stabilizing effect of diamond thin film on nanostructured silicon carbide field emission array
Authors: Golubkov Vladimir A. , Ivanov Alexey S. , Ilyin Vladimir A. , Luchinin Victor V. , Bogdanov Sergey A. , Chernov Valeriy V. , Vikharev Anatoliy L.
Published: October 2016

Silicon carbide field emission arrays (FEA) are at the forefront of development as new promising electron sources for vacuum microelectronic devices. The authors present a new process for the fabrication of array of nanoscale tips with reduced heterogeneity of their heights. The characterization results show that at strong electric fields the heterogeneity is a key factor causing current instability. Diamond is recognized as the best material to obtain field emission, but fabrication of tip array with a reasonable aspect ratio is a challenge. Therefore, the authors have combined the benefits of both the abovementioned materials and fabricated silicon carbide FEA of tips coated with nanocrystalline undoped diamond thin film. The coating smoothens the virtual emitting surface connecting the tips, and therefore reduces heterogeneity of their heights, thereby improving the current stability. Current fluctuation decreased to 5% in compare with 23% in FEA without coating.
Habitual Dietary Nitrate Intake in Highly Trained Athletes
Authors: Jonvik Kristin L. , Nyakayiru Jean , van Dijk Jan-Willem , Wardenaar Floris C. , van Loon Luc J.C. , Verdijk Lex B.
Published: October 2016

Although beetroot juice, as a nitrate carrier, is a popular ergogenic supplement among athletes, nitrate is consumed through the regular diet as well. We aimed to assess the habitual dietary nitrate intake and identify the main contributing food sources in a large group of highly trained athletes. Dutch highly trained athletes (226 women and 327 men) completed 2–4 web-based 24-hr dietary recalls and questionnaires within a 2- to 4-week period. The nitrate content of food products and food groups was determined systematically based on values found in regulatory reports and scientific literature. These were then used to calculate each athlete’s dietary nitrate intake from the web-based recalls. The median[IQR] habitual nitrate intake was 106[75–170] mg/d (range 19–525 mg/d). Nitrate intake correlated with energy intake (ρ = 0.28, p < .001), and strongly correlated with vegetable intake (ρ = 0.78, p < .001). In accordance, most of the dietary nitrate was consumed through vegetables, potatoes and fruit, accounting for 74% of total nitrate intake, with lettuce and spinach contributing most. When corrected for energy intake, nitrate intake was substantially higher in female vs male athletes (12.8[9.2–20.0] vs 9.4[6.2–13.8] mg/MJ; p < .001). This difference was attributed to the higher vegetable intake in female vs male athletes (150[88–236] vs 114[61–183] g/d; p < .001). In conclusion, median daily intake of dietary nitrate in highly trained athletes was 106 mg, with large interindividual variation. Dietary nitrate intake was strongly associated with the intake of vegetables. Increasing the intake of nitrate-rich vegetables in the diet might serve as an alternative strategy for nitrate supplementation.
Shaping Up the Profession: The Importance of Modeling Health and Fitness as Coaches
Authors: Baghurst Timothy , Diehl Beau James
Published: October 2016

A coach’s roles and responsibilities vary depending on situational factors. However, several characteristics of a coach are recognized as important for success irrespective of the coaching level or ability of the athletes. Physical role modeling is a characteristic largely forgotten in the literature and coaching standards, yet can have important positive or negative outcomes in athlete performance and coach credibility and well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present a rationale for including physical role modeling within the tenets of coaching roles and responsibilities. Second, practical suggestions are made to demonstrate how physical role modeling can be presented positively, even when physical abilities are limited.
Coaching Strategies to Optimize Team Functioning in High Performance Curling
Authors: Collins Jamie , Durand-Bush Natalie
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate coaching strategies to optimize team functioning in the context of high performance curling. Strategies were elicited from 10 male coaches, 12 women’s teams (N = 49 athletes) and seven men’s teams (N = 29 athletes) competing at an elite level. Over 150 strategies were identified as being essential for functioning effectively as a team and they pertained to the following seven components: (a) individual attributes (e.g., create a player contract), (b) team attributes (e.g., determine and adjust game strategy), (c) the foundational process of communication (e.g., script routines for communication), (d) structural team processes (e.g., determine acceptable behaviour/standards), (e) individual regulation processes (e.g., do self-assessments/check-ins), (f) team regulation processes (e.g., discuss leadership behaviours), and (g) the context (e.g., prepare for the opposition). Implications for coaching interventions are provided.
The Practices and Developmental Pathways of Professional and Olympic Serial Winning Coaches
Authors: Lara-Bercial Sergio , Mallett Clifford J.
Published: October 2016

In 2011, the Innovation Group of Leading Agencies of the International Council for Coaching Excellence initiated a project aimed at supporting the identification and development of the next generation of high performance coaches. The project, entitled Serial Winning Coaches, studied the personalities, practices and developmental pathways of professional and Olympic coaches who had repeatedly achieved success at the highest level of sport. This paper is the third publication originating from this unique project. In the first paper, Mallett and Coulter (2016) focused on the development and testing of a novel multilayered methodology in understanding a person through a single case study of a successful Olympic coach. In the second, Mallett and Lara-Bercial (2016) applied this methodology to a large sample of Serial Winning Coaches and offered a composite account of their personality. In this third instalment, we turn the focus onto the actual practices and developmental pathways of these coaches. The composite profile of their practice emerging from the analysis revolves around four major themes: Philosophy, Vision, People and Environment. In addition, a summary of the developmental activities accessed by these coaches and their journey to success is also offered. Finally, we consider the overall findings of the project and propose the concept of Driven Benevolence as the overarching operational principle guiding the actions and behaviours of this group of Serial Winning Coaches.
An Evaluation of Functional Sit-to-Stand Power in Cohorts of Healthy Adults Aged 18–97 Years
Authors: Glenn Jordan M. , Gray Michelle , Vincenzo Jennifer , Paulson Sally , Powers Melissa
Published: October 2016

This investigation examined differences in functional sit-to-stand power/velocity between cohorts of adults aged 18–97 years. This study included 264 healthy adults classified into four cohorts (18–40, C1; 60–69, C2; 70–79, C2; ≥ 80, C4). Participants completed the sit-to-stand task five times. Power and velocity were measured via the TENDO power analyzer. Absolute average power was maintained from C1–C3, but decreased (p < .01) in C4. Absolute peak power decreased between C1–C2 (p < .01), was similar between C2–C3, and decreased in C4 (p < .01). Relative (to body weight) average and peak power decreased between C1–C2 (p < .01), was similar between C2–C3, and decreased in C4 (p < .01). Average velocity was similar between C1 and C2, but decreased in C3 (p < .01) and C4 (p < .01), respectively. Peak velocity was significantly different between all cohorts (p < .01). Declines in functional power may plateau during the seventh and eighth decades, accelerating after 80 years.
Complexity of Exercise Behavior Among Older African American Women
Authors: Kosma Maria , Buchanan David , Hondzinski Jan
Published: October 2016

Despite the exercise benefits, disparities among diverse older adults continue to exist, where African American women have the lowest percentage of any population group in meeting national recommended activity guidelines. Drawing on the philosophical tradition of phronesis (practical reasoning) introduced by Aristotle, we studied perceptions of the exercise value among 14 older African American women. Three themes included: (1) exercise goals (e.g., effort exerted), (2) exercise reasons (e.g., health benefits, enjoyment and convenience, and activity recommendation), and (3) inactivity reasons (e.g., health issues, lack of motivation, and family responsibilities/priorities). Although most women reported being active, only three participants met the Healthy People 2020 guidelines for aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities, while two individuals were inactive. Exercise promoters should consider the values that motivate older African American women to exercise, such as the provision of accessible, nondiscriminatory exercise facilities, and not to exercise, such as concerns about neighborhood safety, in designing programs.
Masters Athletes: Exemplars of Successful Aging?
Authors: Geard David , Reaburn Peter R.J. , Rebar Amanda L. , Dionigi Rylee A.
Published: October 2016

Global population aging has raised academic interest in successful aging to a public policy priority. Currently there is no consensus regarding the definition of successful aging. However, a synthesis of research shows successful aging can be defined as a late-life process of change characterized by high physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning. Masters athletes systematically train for, and compete in, organized forms of team and individual sport specifically designed for older adults. Masters athletes are often proposed as exemplars of successful aging. However, their aging status has never been examined using a comprehensive multidimensional successful aging definition. Here, we examine the successful aging literature, propose a successful aging definition based on this literature, present evidence which suggests masters athletes could be considered exemplars of successful aging according to the proposed definition, and list future experimental research directions.
The Effects of Consumer Innovativeness on Sport Team Applications Acceptance and Usage
Authors: Kim Yongjae , Kim Soojin , Rogol Elizabeth
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of consumer innovativeness on sport fans’ behavioral intention to adopt and use sport team apps. Combining the diffusion theory with the technology acceptance model, the current study proposed three extended technology acceptance models. The proposed models were tested with data collected from 233 sport team apps users in the United States. The findings indicate that consumer innovativeness has direct and indirect influences on behavioral intention through beliefs about sport team apps. The partially mediated model fits the data well, was more parsimonious, and had a greater proportion of the variance explained by intention than the other models and thus was chosen for further analysis. Consumer innovativeness and beliefs about the apps explained 55.4% and 42% of the variance in intention to adopt sport team apps, respectively. Empirical evidence also provides strong support for the integrative approach. The study suggests an extended model of technology acceptance model for the acceptance and use of the sport team apps, which can help scholars and marketers understand sport fans’ media behaviors.
Development of an Electronic Version of The Children’s Self-Perceptions of Adequacy in and Predilection for Physical Activity (CSAPPA) Scale
Authors: Grant-Beuttler Marybeth , Jennings Jenifer , McCauley Christina , Dulay Robert , Grossnickle Katlyn , Kill Kerri , Hay John
Published: October 2016

Purpose:

To develop an electronic version of the Children’s Self-Perceptions of Adequacy in and Predilection for Physical Activity (eCSAPPA), which would allow individual administration to children younger than nine years of age.

Methods:

Fifty-four, four—nine-year-old children completed the eCSAPPA and the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). Parental measures of physical activity, and body mass index were obtained. Twenty-one participants additionally completed the paper version of the CSAPPA.

Results:

All children successfully completed the eCSAPPA with interclass correlation coefficients of .76 for Adequacy and .86 for Total Score. Correlations and linear predictive equations for eCSAPPA revealed the TGMD-2’s Locomotor subtest, age, and parent’s activity rating explained 28–30% of the variability in Total and Adequacy eCSAPPA scores. Predilection and Enjoyment of Physical Education (PE) scores were less stable, with the TGMD-2’s Locomotor subtest and age predicting 17% of the Predilection score and the TGMD-2’s Object Control subtest demonstrating 17% of Enjoyment of PE.

Conclusion:

Children ages four-nine years can feasibly complete the electronic version of the CSAPPA and results hint that self-efficacy may be more plastic in younger children. The eCSAPPA is a promising instrument allowing the exploration of young children’s development of adequacy and predilection toward physical activity as well as enjoyment of PE.
A fully programmable 100-spin coherent Ising machine with all-to-all connections
Authors: McMahon Peter L. , Marandi Alireza , Haribara Yoshitaka , Hamerly Ryan , Langrock Carsten , Tamate Shuhei , Inagaki Takahiro , Takesue Hiroki , Utsunomiya Shoko , Aihara Kazuyuki , Byer Robert L. , Fejer M. M. , Mabuchi Hideo , Yamamoto Yoshihisa
Published: October 2016

Taking the pulse of optimization

Finding the optimum solution of multiparameter or multifunctional problems is important across many disciplines, but it can be computationally intensive. Many such problems defined as computationally difficult can be mathematically mapped onto the so-called Ising problem, which looks at finding the minimum energy configuration for an array of coupled spins. Inagaki
et al.
and McMahon
et al.
show that an optical processing approach based on a network of coupled optical pulses in a ring fiber can be used to model and optimize large-scale Ising systems. Such a scalable architecture could help to optimize solutions to a wide range of complex problems.

Science
, this issue pp.
603
and
614
Draft Genome Sequence of Extremely Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ST357) Strain CMC_VB_PA_B22862 Isolated from a Community-Acquired Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Pragasam Agila Kumari , Yesurajan Francis , Doss C George Priya , George Biju , Devanga Ragupathi Naveen Kumar , Walia Kamini , Veeraraghavan Balaji
Published: October 2016

Extremely drug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strains causing severe infections have become a serious concern across the world. Here, we report draft genome sequence of
P. aeruginosa
with an extremely drug-resistant profile isolated from a patient with community-acquired bloodstream infection in India.
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of Thermocrinis jamiesonii GBS1
T
Isolated from Great Boiling Spring, Nevada
Authors: Ganji Rakesh , Murugapiran Senthil K. , Ong John C. , Manoharan Namritha , Huntemann Marcel , Clum Alicia , Pillay Manoj , Palaniappan Krishnaveni , Varghese Neha , Mikhailova Natalia , Stamatis Dimitrios , Reddy T. B. K. , Ngan Chew Yee , Daum Chris , Duffy Kecia , Shapiro Nicole , Markowitz Victor , Ivanova Natalia , Kyrpides Nikos , Woyke Tanja , Dodsworth Jeremy A. , Hedlund Brian P.
Published: October 2016

The draft genome of
Thermocrinis jamiesonii
GBS1
T
is 1,315,625 bp in 10 contigs and encodes 1,463 predicted genes. The presence of
sox
genes and various glycoside hydrolases and the absence of uptake NiFe hydrogenases (
hyaB
) are consistent with a requirement for thiosulfate and suggest the ability to use carbohydrate polymers.
Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus pyogenes Strain JMUB1235 Isolated from an Acute Phlegmonous Gastritis Patient
Authors: Watanabe Shinya , Sasahara Teppei , Arai Naoshi , Sasaki Kazumasa , Aiba Yoshifumi , Sato'o Yusuke , Cui Longzhu
Published: October 2016

Acute phlegmonous gastritis is an uncommon endogenous bacterial gastritis presenting with a high mortality rate. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an
emm
89
Streptococcus pyogenes
strain, JMUB1235, which is the causative agent of acute phlegmonous gastritis.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus luciferensis Isolated from Soil
Authors: Townsley Loni , Caro Lews , Kelkar Hemant , Shank Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2016

Bacillus luciferensis
is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile rod. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence, to our knowledge, of a
B. luciferensis
strain (CH01), which will provide useful information for
Bacillus
and soil bacteria research.
Draft Genome Sequence of Phytopathogenic Fungus
Fusarium fujikuroi
CF-295141, Isolated from
Pinus sylvestris
Authors: Bertoni-Mann Michele , Sánchez-Hidalgo Marina , González-Menéndez Victor , Genilloud Olga
Published: October 2016

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a new strain of
Fusarium fujikuroi
, isolated from
Pinus sylvestris
, which was also found to produce the mycotoxin beauvericin. The Illumina-based sequence analysis revealed an approximate genome size of 44.2 Mbp, containing 164 secondary metabolite biosynthetic clusters.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Magnetospirillum
sp. Strain XM-1, Isolated from the Xi'an City Moat, China
Authors: Wang Yinzhao , Zhang Tongwei , Lin Wei , Zhang Bingfang , Cai Yao , Yang Caiyun , Li Jinhua , Xu Huangtao , Pan Yongxin
Published: October 2016

The magnetotactic bacterium
Magnetospirillum
sp. strain XM-1 was recently isolated from the Xi'an City moat, China. It belongs to the
Rhodospirillaceae
family in the
Alphaproteobacteria
class. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of XM-1. The genome contains a single circular chromosome of 4,825,187 bp and a plasmid of 167,290 bp.
Complete Genome Sequence of Fowl Aviadenovirus Serotype 8b Isolated in South America
Authors: Izquierdo-Lara Ray , Calderón Katherine , Chumbe Ana , Montesinos Ricardo , Montalván Ángela , González Armando E. , Icochea Eliana , Fernández-Díaz Manolo
Published: October 2016

We present here the complete genome sequence of fowl aviadenovirus E (FAdV-E) serotype 8b strain FV211-16, isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis in Peru. Genome comparisons with other FAdV-E strains revealed identities of 84.9 to 97.1% and the presence of 9 and 2 unique amino acid mutations in hexon and fiber proteins, respectively.
Genome Sequences of a Novel Recombinant Duck Circovirus in China
Authors: Sun Wenchao , Zheng Min , Cao Huihui , Lu Huijun , Wei Xiankai , Pan Yi , Zhang Hongyun , Su Jiaoxiu , Li Jun , Jin Ningyi
Published: October 2016

In this study, YN26/2013, a novel recombinant duck circovirus (DuCV), was isolated from a Muscovy duck in Yunnan Province, southern China. The whole genome of YN26/2013 consists of 1,987 nucleotides (nt), the same genomic size as that of the DuCV-2 genotype. However, YN26/2013 shares 91.5 to 94.3% nucleotide identity similarity with previously reported type I (DuCV-1) viruses. Importantly, a novel putative recombinant event between DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 was identified as occurring within the 987- to 1111-nt region of the YN26/2013 genome.