bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneously Improving the Strength and Plasticity of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel by Adding Aluminum
Authors: Tian Hongsheng , Li Bochuan , Yu Mingxiong , Huang Sen , Mao Lizhong , Li Huaiyuan , Wang Kai , Zhou Zihao , Zhu Guo , Xu Kang
Published: January 2024

Due to the special layer‐by‐layer printing process of additive manufacturing (AM), the heat dissipation in the printed material tends to flow mainly along the building direction, which results in the formation of coarse columnar grains in AM metals. The coarse grains are detrimental to the mechanical properties of AM metals, and are not conducive to the lightweight development of AM metal components. This article proposes a printing strategy for adding aluminum to 316L stainless steel. Based on the aluminum‐reinforced strategy, low melting point MnSiO3 particles are transformed into high melting point Al‐containing particles (such as Al2O3), and the grain size of 316L stainless steel produced by direct energy deposition (DED) is refined, resulting in a significant improvement of tensile strength. What is more, the increase in tensile strength of Al‐reinforced 316L does not sacrifice its plasticity. Attributed to the twinning‐induced plasticity effect and good adhesion between Al2O3 particles and matrix, the plasticity of Al‐reinforced 316L is synchronously improved. To be more specific, compared to DED‐316L without adding Al, the yield strength and tensile strength of samples with adding 0.5%wt Al are individually improved by 14.8% and 16.2%; at same time, the uniform elongation and total elongation are increased by 80.4% and 13%, respectively. The printing strategy proposed in this article is expected to provide reference for the strengthening and toughening of AM metals, thereby contributing to the lightweight development of AM components.
Rational Design of Near‐infrared II Plasmonic Optofunctional Materials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Lu Yaxuan , Li Ming
Published: January 2024

Plasmonic materials have aroused considerable interest in diagnostic and therapeutic biomedical applications because of their remarkable optical properties and the integration of multiple functionalities. Particularly, near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) plasmonic materials present great advantages for anticancer treatments, including deep tissue penetration, low tissue light scattering and autofluorescence, and high spatial resolution. Thus, NIR‐II plasmonic phototheranostics represents a promising approach for effective anticancer treatments through multi‐modal imaging‐guided therapy. Accordingly, tremendous efforts have recently been devoted to the development of NIR‐II plasmonic materials for highly efficient phototheranostics. In this review, the recent progress of NIR‐II plasmonic materials and their phototheranostic applications are overviewed. First, the localized surface plasmon resonance effect and the related optical properties such as the photothermal effect, photoacoustic effect, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect are introduced. Then, the unique features and the structure‐property relationship of various types of NIR‐II plasmonic materials are discussed. Finally, the recent progress of NIR‐II plasmonic material‐based multimodal phototheranostics with an emphasis on the integration of multiple functionalities are reviewed, and subsequently the current challenges and future research perspectives are discussed. This review will provide valuable guidelines for the rational design of NIR‐II plasmonic materials for highly efficient cancer phototheranostics in the future.
A Self‐Regulated Interface Enabled by Multi‐Functional pH Buffer for Reversible Zn Electrochemistry
Authors: Li Hang , Yang Lu , Zhou Shuang , Li Jianwen , Chen Yining , Meng Xinyu , Xu Dongming , Han Chao , Duan Haimin , Pan Anqiang
Published: January 2024

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries with mild acidic electrolytes are considered the promising energy storage solutions due to their outstanding merits of high energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, the rampant dendrite growth and severe parasitic reactions caused by a series of factors such as irregular Zn2+ transport pathway and pH variation would result in poor cycling stability. Herein, a self‐regulated interface strategy implemented by ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8, denoted as APS) multifunctional additive is proposed to simultaneously address the above issues. The zincophilic NH4+ preferentially adsorbs on the Zn protuberance to exclude water molecules and shield the “tip effect,” thus inhibiting side‐reactions and inducing uniform Zn deposition. Moreover, NH4+ and S2O82− can dynamically adjust H+ and OH− concentrations in a pH self‐buffer manner, thus effectively mitigating hydrogen evolution reaction and formation of by‐products. Consequently, with the existence of APS additive, Zn anode exhibits ultrahigh coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.9% over 9000 cycles and ultra‐long lifespan of 4300 h at 5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, even under high NH4V4O10 mass loading (9.4 mg cm−2) and thin zinc foil (10 µm), the assembled NH4V4O10//Zn pouch cell with APS additive can still maintain stably over 210 cycles, demonstrating its excellent value for application.
Ultrafast Synthesis of Large‐Sized and Conductive Na3V2(PO4)2F3 Simultaneously Approaches High Tap Density, Rate and Cycling Capability
Authors: Song Zijing , Liu Yuhang , Guo Zhaoxin , Liu Zhedong , Li Zekun , Zhou Jieshu , Liu Weidi , Liu Rui , Zhang Jingchao , Luo Jiawei , Jiang Haoran , Ding Jia , Hu Wenbin , Chen Yanan
Published: January 2024

The Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) cathode material is usually nano‐sized particles exhibiting low tap density, high specific surface area, correspondingly low volume energy density, and cycle stability of the sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a high‐temperature shock (HTS) strategy is proposed to synthesize NVPF (HTS‐NVPF) with uniform conducting network and high tap density. During a typical HTS process (heating rate of 1100 °C s−1 for 10 s), the precursors rapidly crystallize and form large‐sized and dense particles. The tight connection between particles not only enhances their contact with carbon layers, but also reduces the specific surface area that inhibits side reactions between the interfaces and the electrolyte. Besides, ultrafast synthesis of NVPF reduces the F loss and amount of Na3V2(PO4)3 impurities, which improve cycling capability. The HTS‐NVPF demonstrates a high energy density of 413.4 Wh kg−1 and an ultra‐high specific capacity of 103.4 mAh g−1 at 10 C as well as 84.2% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. In addition, the excellent temperature adaptability of HTS‐NVPF (−45–55 °C) and remarkable electrochemical properties of NVPF||HC full cell demonstrate extreme competitiveness in commercial SIBs. Therefore, the HTS technique is considered to be a high‐efficiency strategy to synthetize NVPF and is expected to prepare other cathode materials.
Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Coordination Chemistry in Polymer‐Ceramic Modified Separators
Authors: Tang Wangming , Zhao Teng , Wang Ke , Yu Tianyang , Lv Ruixin , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: January 2024

Issues with lithium dendrite growth and dead lithium formation limit the practical application of lithium metal batteries, especially under high current conditions where uneven temperature distribution leads to serious safety concerns. Herein, In situ assembly of polydopamine (PDA) and aluminum nitride (AlN) coatings on polypropylene (PP) separator is introduced to address these challenges. The AlN particles are encapsulated by PDA, and the functional groups in PDA form Al‐O coordination bonds with Al3+, which promote uniform Li+ flux and reduce the migration barrier of Li+, thereby enabling dendrite‐free lithium deposition. In addition, the designed PDA@AlN@PP separator exhibits excellent electrolyte wettability, enhanced mechanical performance, and stable thermal resistance, providing a uniform thermal distribution and serving as a robust barrier against dendrite penetration. As a result, symmetric Li||Li cells (over 1800 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2) and Li||Cu cells (over 600 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mAh cm−2, coulombic efficiency over 98%) demonstrate outstanding long cycle performance and high coulombic efficiency. Moreover, the corresponding Li||LiFePO4 cells exhibit a high specific capacity of 91.3 mAh g−1 at 5 C. This work provides a new approach for designing functionalized separators for high‐performance lithium metal batteries.
Anti‐Polyelectrolyte Effect of Zwitterionic Hydrogel Electrolytes Enabling High‐Voltage Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Zeng Juan , Chen Hao , Dong Liubing , Guo Xin
Published: January 2024

To date, the exploration of zwitterionic application is confined to the function of electrolyte's additives to improve the properties of the electrolytes. However, reports on the unique properties of zwitterions, namely the anti‐polyelectrolyte effect (APE), as the regulators of the electrochemical stability windows (ESWs) of the zwitterionic electrolytes are scarce. Herein, a zwitterionic electrolyte system is designed and study the relationship between the APE and the ESWs of the zwitterionic electrolytes. The hydrogen/oxygen evolution in the zwitterionic electrolytes is significantly inhibited under the action of the APE. On this basis, the ESWs of zwitterionic electrolytes can be expanded, ultimately achieving an effective improvement in the energy density of zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs). The sulfonic‐based zwitterionic hydrogel electrolytes prepared based on this strategy achieve a wide ESW of 2.58 V and high ionic conductivity of 29.3 mS cm−1. Meanwhile, the corresponding ZHCs possess a high working voltage of 2.1 V (1.6 V for the traditional ZHCs), a high capacity of 188.9 mAh g−1 and a high energy density of 110 Wh kg−1. The way utilizing the APE of zwitterions to expand the ESWs opens up a new avenue to improve the energy density of energy storage devices.
Accessible Ni‐Fe‐Oxalate Framework for Electrochemical Urea Oxidation with Radically Enhanced Kinetics
Authors: Kim Jiseon , Kim Min‐Cheol , Han Sang Soo , Cho Kangwoo
Published: January 2024

Urea oxidation reaction (UOR) has been utilized to substitute the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), to escalate the energy conversion efficiency in electrochemical hydrogen generation processes with denitrification of widespread urea in wastewater. This study reports breakthroughs in Ni‐based UOR electrocatalysts, particularly with NiFe oxalate (O‐NFF), derived from Ni3Fe alloy foam with prismatic nanostructures and elevated surface area. The O‐NFF achieves cutting‐edge performances, representing 500 mA cm−2 of current density at 1.47 V RHE and exceptionally low Tafel slope of 12.1 mV dec−1 (in 1 m KOH with 0.33 m urea). X‐ray photoelectron/absorption spectroscopy (XPS/XAS) coupled with density functional theory calculations unveil that oxalate ligands induce charge deficient Ni center, promoting stable urea‐O adsorption. Furthermore, Fe dopants enhance oxalate‐O charge density and H‐bond strength, facilitating C‐N cleavage for N2 and NO2− formation. The extraordinary UOR kinetics by the tandem effects of oxalate and Fe prevent Ni over‐oxidation, corroborated by operando XAS, minimizing OER interference. It agrees with an adaptive reconstruction to Fe‐doped β‐NiOOH on top surface in extended urea electrolysis with marginal loss in UOR kinetics. This findings shed light to bimetal‐organic‐framework as (pre)catalysts to improve industrial electrolytic H2 production.
Controllable Assembly of Cu2+ and Chlorin E6 for H2S‐Activatable Recognition of Bacterial Infection and Enhanced Antibacterial Therapy
Authors: Wang Henggang , Cheng Ke , Sun Shan , Wang Peng , Zhou Yonghua , Sun Haoyi , Wang Xinxin , Shen Hongzhe , Li Si , Lin Hengwei
Published: January 2024

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has emerged as one of the intriguing strategies to combat bacterial resistance. However, the antibacterial efficacy of APDT is found to be severely impacted by the hydrogen sulfide (H2S)‐overproduced bacterial infection microenvironment. Herein, a multifunctional APDT platform is developed by assembling Cu2+ and chlorin e6 (Ce6), which exhibits unique H2S‐activatable fluorescence (FL) and antibacterial features. Noteworthily, the assembly conditions are crucial for achievement of Cu‐Ce6 nanoassemblies (NAs) with the on‐demand responsive properties. The quenched FL and photosensitization of Cu‐Ce6 NAs can be selectively activated by the overexpressed H2S in infected area, enabling specific recognition of bacterial infection and localized antibacterial therapy with minimized side effects. Significantly, amplified oxidative stress is achieved owning to the effective consumption of H2S by Cu2+ in the NAs, leading to an enhanced APDT. The antibacterial mechanisms including broad‐spectrum APDT activity of released Ce6, inherent sterilization effects of produced copper polysulfides and the accompanying disturbance of bacterial sulphide metabolism are further identified. This study may pave a new avenue for the rational design of intelligent APDT platform using minimalist biological building units and thus facilitating the clinical translation of nano‐antibacterial agents.
Early Diagnosis and Prognosis Prediction of Pancreatic Cancer Using Engineered Hybrid Core‐Shells in Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Juxiang , Teng Fei , Hu Beiyuan , Liu Wanshan , Huang Yida , Wu Jiao , Wang Yuning , Su Haiyang , Yang Shouzhi , Zhang Lumin , Guo Lingchuan , Lei Zhe , Yan Meng , Xu Xiaoyu , Wang Ruimin , Bao Qingui , Dong Qiongzhu , Long Jiang , Qian Kun
Published: January 2024

Effective detection of bio‐molecules relies on the precise design and preparation of materials, particularly in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS). Despite significant advancements in substrate materials, the performance of single‐structured substrates remains suboptimal for LDI‐MS analysis of complex systems. Herein, designer Au@SiO2@ZrO2 core‐shell substrates are developed for LDI‐MS‐based early diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC). Through controlling Au core size and ZrO2 shell crystallization, signal amplification of metabolites up to 3 orders is not only achieved, but also the synergistic mechanism of the LDI process is revealed. The optimized Au@SiO2@ZrO2 enables a direct record of serum metabolic fingerprints (SMFs) by LDI‐MS. Subsequently, SMFs are employed to distinguish early PC (stage I/II) from controls, with an accuracy of 92%. Moreover, a prognostic prediction scoring system is established with enhanced efficacy in predicting PC survival compared to CA19‐9 (p < 0.05). This work contributes to material‐based cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Shifting Access from Pyrimidine‐Spirofused to Fused Benzoheterocycles by Modifying the Activated Group Position
Authors: Yang Dezhi , Wang Yan , Zhang Chun , Luo Yun , Zhu Xuecheng , Zhao Si , Fu Wenting , Cheng Bin , Zhai Hongbin , Wang Taimin
Published: January 2024

The synthesis of pyrimidine‐spirofused indolines from 1,3,5‐triazinanes with 2‐sulfonyliminoindolines has been achieved under catalyst‐ and additive‐free conditions, in which five atoms of 1,3,5‐triazinanes were introduced to the spiro‐annulation products via a (5+1) pathway. Subsequently, this strategy was extended to 3‐aminoindoles and 3‐aminobenzothiophenes, but a different reaction pathway (3+3) was observed. In these cases, three‐atoms of 1,3,5‐triazinanes were incorporated into pyrimidine‐fused indoles/benzothiophenes. These two transformations demonstrate the potential and versatility of 1,3,5‐triazinanes to construct nitrogen‐heterocycles.
RNF20 Regulates Oocyte Meiotic Spindle Assembly by Recruiting TPM3 to Centromeres and Spindle Poles
Authors: Wang Liying , Liu Chao , Li Li , Wei Huafang , Wei Wei , Zhou Qiuxing , Chen Yinghong , Meng Tie‐Gang , Jiao Renjie , Wang Zhen‐Bo , Sun Qing‐Yuan , Li Wei
Published: January 2024

Previously a ring finger protein 20 (RNF20) is found to be essential for meiotic recombination and mediates H2B ubiquitination during spermatogenesis. However, its role in meiotic division is still unknown. Here, it is shown that RNF20 is localized at both centromeres and spindle poles, and it is required for oocyte acentrosomal spindle organization and female fertility. RNF20‐depleted oocytes exhibit severely abnormal spindle and chromosome misalignment caused by defective bipolar organization. Notably, it is found that the function of RNF20 in spindle assembly is not dependent on its E3 ligase activity. Instead, RNF20 regulates spindle assembly by recruiting tropomyosin3 (TPM3) to both centromeres and spindle poles with its coiled‐coil motif. The RNF20‐TPM3 interaction is essential for acentrosomal meiotic spindle assembly. Together, the studies uncover a novel function for RNF20 in mediating TPM3 recruitment to both centromeres and spindle poles during oocyte spindle assembly.
A Natural Small Molecule Mitigates Kidney Fibrosis by Targeting Cdc42‐mediated GSK‐3β/β‐catenin Signaling
Authors: Hu Xinrong , Gan Lu , Tang Ziwen , Lin Ruoni , Liang Zhou , Li Feng , Zhu Changjian , Han Xu , Zheng Ruilin , Shen Jiani , Yu Jing , Luo Ning , Peng Wenxing , Tan Jiaqing , Li Xiaoyan , Fan Jinjin , Wen Qiong , Wang Xin , Li Jianbo , Zheng Xunhua , Liu Qinghua , Guo Jianping , Shi Guo‐Ping , Mao Haiping , Chen Wei , Yin Sheng , Zhou Yi
Published: January 2024

Kidney fibrosis is a common fate of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), eventually leading to renal dysfunction. Yet, no effective treatment for this pathological process has been achieved. During the bioassay‐guided chemical investigation of the medicinal plant Wikstroemia chamaedaphne, a daphne diterpenoid, daphnepedunin A (DA), is characterized as a promising anti‐renal fibrotic lead. DA shows significant anti‐kidney fibrosis effects in cultured renal fibroblasts and unilateral ureteral obstructed mice, being more potent than the clinical trial drug pirfenidone. Leveraging the thermal proteome profiling strategy, cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) is identified as the direct target of DA. Mechanistically, DA targets to reduce Cdc42 activity and down‐regulates its downstream phospho‐protein kinase Cζ(p‐PKCζ)/phospho‐glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (p‐GSK‐3β), thereby promoting β‐catenin Ser33/37/Thr41 phosphorylation and ubiquitin‐dependent proteolysis to block classical pro‐fibrotic β‐catenin signaling. These findings suggest that Cdc42 is a promising therapeutic target for kidney fibrosis, and highlight DA as a potent Cdc42 inhibitor for combating CKDs.
Chemotherapy‐Enabled Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy of Self‐Delivery Nano‐PROTACs by Inhibiting Tumor Glycolysis and Avoiding Adaptive Immune Resistance
Authors: Zhao Lin‐Ping , Zheng Rong‐Rong , Rao Xiao‐Na , Huang Chu‐Yu , Zhou Hang‐Yu , Yu Xi‐Yong , Jiang Xue‐Yan , Li Shi‐Ying
Published: January 2024

The chemo‐regulation abilities of chemotherapeutic medications are appealing to address the low immunogenicity, immunosuppressive lactate microenvironment, and adaptive immune resistance of colorectal cancer. In this work, the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) of BRD4 (dBET57) is found to downregulate colorectal cancer glycolysis through the transcription inhibition of c‐Myc, which also inhibits the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) to reverse immune evasion and avoid adaptive immune resistance. Based on this, self‐delivery nano‐PROTACs (designated as DdLD NPs) are further fabricated by the self‐assembly of doxorubicin (DOX) and dBET57 with the assistance of DSPE‐PEG2000. DdLD NPs can improve the stability, intracellular delivery, and tumor targeting accumulation of DOX and dBET57. Meanwhile, the chemotherapeutic effect of DdLD NPs can efficiently destroy colorectal cancer cells to trigger a robust immunogenic cell death (ICD). More importantly, the chemo‐regulation effects of DdLD NPs can inhibit colorectal cancer glycolysis to reduce the lactate production, and downregulate the PD‐L1 expression through BRD4 degradation. Taking advantages of the chemotherapy and chemo‐regulation ability, DdLD NPs systemically activated the antitumor immunity to suppress the primary and metastatic colorectal cancer progression without inducing any systemic side effects. Such self‐delivery nano‐PROTACs may provide a new insight for chemotherapy‐enabled tumor immunotherapy.
The recent development of β‐cyclodextrin‐based catalysts system in click reactions: A review
Authors: Payamifar Sara , Poursattar Marjani Ahmad
Published: January 2024

A significant challenge for scientists today is to design green and eco‐friendly catalysts based on green chemistry with high catalytic performance and recycling properties. Many studies have aimed to address environmental issues by developing green chemical processes and catalysts that reduce the production of harmful substances. β‐Cyclodextrin (β‐CD), a class of cyclic oligomers, has garnered considerable attention in recent decades. It has been utilized as a green alternative catalyst in various organic conversions, demonstrating satisfactory catalytic activity and improved efficiency of organic reactions. The availability, non‐toxicity, low cost, renewability, and high performance in organic transformations are several benefits of cyclodextrins that have attracted interest from research groups worldwide. The click reaction is well‐known in green chemistry for its high selectivity and efficiency in producing 1,2,3‐triazoles with significant medicinal activities. This reaction involves aryl/alkyl halides, alkynes, and NaN3 under ambient conditions to generate necessary scaffolds called 1,2,3‐triazoles. Therefore, finding green approaches for synthesizing 1,2,3‐triazoles is of great interest. In recent decades, significant advancements have been made in developing metal‐catalyzed click reactions to synthesize 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives. Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, and Barry Sharpless were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2022 for their contributions to the foundations of click and bio‐orthogonal chemistry. In transition, metal‐catalyzed click reactions, using modified β‐CD derivatives as catalysts is particularly advantageous because of their valuable catalytic properties and their ability to form inclusion complexes with different metals. This review focuses on the catalyzed click reaction using β‐CD‐based catalysts to prepare triazoles. Using biodegradable β‐CD has made the method safe, sustainable, and eco‐friendly. The click reaction has provided access to various 1,2,3‐triazoles essential in pharmaceutical products and exhibits diverse biological activities. The specific purpose of this review is to summarize the application of β‐CD‐based catalyst systems in click reactions.
Functional copolymer coatings on electrospun fibers via photo‐initiated chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Güney Eda , Karimzadeh Khoei Jalal , Sengul Bengu Sueda , Can Faruk , Ozaydin Ince Gozde
Published: January 2024

With the increasing use of implantable patches in biomedical applications, the significance of surface modification techniques in improving biocompatibility, enhancing adhesion, and regulating drug release has grown. A significant challenge that these methods must address is ensuring that the process does not harm the delicate fibers or therapeutic agents they contain. Here, we report surface functionalization of implantable, curcumin loaded Polycaprolactone (PCL) patches with pH‐responsive poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐4‐vinylpyridine), p(HEMA‐co‐4VP) polymer thin film. The polymer was coated on the patch surface via photo‐initiated chemical vapor deposition (piCVD) where the polymerization was initiated by the UV degradation of the initiator tert‐butyl peroxide (TBPO) and the monomer HEMA. Additionally, the piCVD method was utilized to crosslink the HEMA without the use of additional crosslinkers. The pH‐responsiveness of the coating was achieved by incorporating 4VP into the copolymer structure. The effect of the coating was demonstrated through degradation and drug release studies. The presence of the polymer coating decelerated the fiber degradation and the pH‐dependent swelling of the coating allowed for the control of drug release rates from the patches. The innovative use of piCVD as a coating method provides a platform for advancing tailored surface modifications in various biomedical applications.
Application of augmented reality models of canine skull in veterinary anatomical education
Authors: Jiang Nan , Jiang Zhongling , Huang Yufeng , Sun Mingju , Sun Xuejing , Huan Yanjun , Li Fangzheng
Published: January 2024

Veterinary anatomy plays a crucial role in the curriculum for veterinary medicine and surgery. The integration of modern information technology in veterinary education can greatly benefit from innovative tools such as augmented reality (AR) applications. The aim of this study was to develop an accurate and interactive three‐dimensional (3D) digital model of an animal skull using AR technology, aiming to enhance the learning of skull anatomy in veterinary anatomy education. In this study, a canine skull specimen was isolated, and the skull bones were scanned using a structured light scanner to create a 3D digital model of the canine skull, which was found to be indistinguishable from the original specimen by measurement of skull proportions. Furthermore, the interactive AR model of the canine skull, displayed using Unity3D, was subjected to testing and evaluation by 60 first‐year veterinary medical students attending the gross anatomy of the animal. The students were divided into two groups: the traditional group and AR group. Both groups completed an objective test and a questionnaire. The evaluation of learning effectiveness in the test revealed no significant difference between the traditional group (which learned using textbooks and a canine skull specimen) and AR group (which learned using AR tools). However, in the questionnaire, students displayed high enthusiasm and interest in using the AR tool. Therefore, the application of AR tools can improve students' motivation for learning and enhance the comprehension of anatomical structures in three dimensions. Furthermore, this study exemplifies the use of AR as an auxiliary tool for teaching and learning in veterinary anatomy education.
Overcoming strategies for supply chain digitization barriers: Implications for sustainable development goals
Authors: Dadsena Krishna Kumar , Pant Pushpesh , Paul Sanjoy Kumar , Pratap Saurabh
Published: January 2024

This paper examines barriers to supply chain digitization (SCD) and offers mitigation strategies, focusing on sustainable development goals (SDGs), technological adoption, and financial constraints. A hybrid research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, has been used to analyze significant SCD barriers and strategies under budget constraints. According to the findings, “lack of proper research and development facility” is the most influential barrier to SCD. The overcoming strategies are then ranked by how likely they are to be implemented in response to barriers. From a sustainability perspective, “improving privacy and security” is identified as the most important strategy. Further, a mathematical model is developed to facilitate investment‐related decision‐making by determining the most suitable overcoming strategies under budget constraints. The proposed mathematical model is evaluated across a range of investments and for a set of overcoming strategies within a given scenario. The findings demonstrate that optimal investments of $1.78 million can cover the top two overcoming strategies for implementation. Furthermore, the results indicate that a minimum investment of $1.9 million is required to adopt all 10 overcoming strategies.
EVERSYS: Efficient exam versioning tool for linear circuits and other problem‐based subjects
Authors: Vicente María Asunción , Fernández Peris César , Martínez Miguel O.
Published: January 2024

Exam versioning is a widely used approach to prevent cheating during exams, but it can increase the workload for lecturers in terms of exam preparation and correction. Automated exam versioning can help reduce this workload and minimize errors in correction. This article presents the EVERSYS platform, which is focused on linear circuits but can be applied to other engineering fields. An exam problem is described as a circuit schema, a set of component values, and a set of questions to be answered. The EVERSYS platform allows lecturers to easily create exam versions with high variability, including different schemas, component values, and question sets. The platform is based on the MATLAB/Octave programming language and HTML document descriptions. Creating a multiversion exam is straightforward, involving the adaptation of a set of predefined MATLAB scripts and modification of the HTML format if necessary. A set of example exams is provided as well as the complete platform source code. The platform was tested during a 2021–2022 compulsory course on linear circuits at a Spanish University. The results indicated that the platform significantly reduced the time required for exam preparation and correction, and there was no statistically significant difference in student performance across different exam versions. Students reported high levels of satisfaction with the platform, and almost all agreed that it effectively prevents cheating during exams.
Gut microbiota, microbiota‐derived metabolites, and graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Yue XiaoYan , Zhou Hongyu , Wang ShuFen , Chen Xu , Xiao HaoWen
Published: January 2024

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is one of the most effective treatment strategies for leukemia, lymphoma, and other hematologic malignancies. However, graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) can significantly reduce the survival rate and quality of life of patients after transplantation, and is therefore the greatest obstacle to transplantation. The recent development of new technologies, including high‐throughput sequencing, metabolomics, and others, has facilitated great progress in understanding the complex interactions between gut microbiota, microbiota‐derived metabolites, and the host. Of these interactions, the relationship between gut microbiota, microbial‐associated metabolites, and GVHD has been most intensively researched. Studies have shown that GVHD patients often suffer from gut microbiota dysbiosis, which mainly manifests as decreased microbial diversity and changes in microbial composition and microbiota‐derived metabolites, both of which are significant predictors of poor prognosis in GVHD patients. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize what is known regarding changes in gut microbiota and microbiota‐derived metabolites in GVHD, their relationship to GVHD prognosis, and corresponding clinical strategies designed to prevent microbial dysregulation and facilitate treatment of GVHD.
Uncovering of transplanted connective tissue graft: Clinical and histological evaluation
Authors: Fratini Adriano , Mancini Leonardo , Liguori Margherita G , Gotti Stefano , Marchetti Enrico
Published: January 2024

Background

Periodontal plastic surgery aims to restore recessions and dehiscence around teeth and implants. Several techniques, such as subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG), were proposed with the main outcome of improving volume and root coverage. Nevertheless, this surgery might not improve the keratinized tissue width. Thus, the primary aim of this case report was to describe the possible increase in keratinized tissue after a subepithelial CTG and simultaneously use the previously harvested graft as a source for covering an adjacent tooth.

Methods

A 38‐year‐old patient presented brushing discomfort 2 years after undergoing periodontal plastic surgery with a CTG from the palate to cover a recession. Despite the increased thickness of the soft tissue, brushing discomfort was not reduced because the tissue quality remained unchanged. Therefore, a surgical procedure in the area of teeth 3.2–3.4 was performed to remove the more superficial masticatory mucosa and to induce keratinization of the previously grafted connective tissue.

Results

After 6 months, the epithelium appears to be clinically and histologically keratinized, with characteristics comparable to those of the original tissue.

Conclusions

The connective tissue grafted maintains the potential to induce keratinization over time, if it is exposed.

Key points

Why is this case new information?

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature with a histological evaluation in a human of the tissue grafted exposed after 2 years.

What are the keys to successful management of this case?

The graft covered by the alveolar mucosa did not induce keratinization of the epithelium of the overlying mucosa.

What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

The main limitation of this study is that it is a singular case report.
Algerian Propolis from Distinct Geographical Locations: Chemical Profiles, Antioxidant Capacity, Cytotoxicity and Inhibition of 5‐Lipoxygenase Product Biosynthesis
Authors: Ayad Ahmed Sabri , Hébert Mathieu P. A. , Doiron Jérémie A. , Loucif‐Ayad Wahida , Daas Tarek , Smagghe Guy , Alburaki Mohamed , Barnett David A. , Touaibia Mohamed , Surette Marc E.
Published: January 2024

Propolis was collected from honeybee hives in three geographically distinct Algerian climates and extracts were characterized for composition and bioactivity. Bees were identified as native subspecies using an in‐silico DraI mtDNA COI‐COII test. Over 20 compounds were identified in extracts by LC‐MS. Extracts from the Medea region were more enriched in phenolic content (302±28 mg GAE/g of dry extract) than those from Annaba and Ghardaia regions. Annaba extracts had the highest flavonoid content (1870±385 mg QCE/g of dry extract). Medea extracts presented the highest free‐radical scavenging activity (IC50=13.5 μg/mL) using the DPPH radical assay while Ghardaia extracts from the desert region were weak (IC50>100 μg/mL). Antioxidant activities measured using AAPH oxidation of linoleic acid were similar in all extracts with IC50 values ranging from 2.9 to 4.9 μg/mL. All extracts were cytotoxic (MTT assay) and proapoptotic (Annexin‐V) against human leukemia cell lines in the low μg/mL range, although the Annaba extract was less active against the Reh cell line. Extracts inhibited cellular 5‐lipoxygenase product biosynthesis with IC50 values ranging from 0.6 to 3.2 μg/mL. Overall, examined propolis extracts exhibited significant biological activity that warrant further characterization in cellular and in vivo models.
Influence of Seed structure on Volume distribution of α‐Synuclein Oligomer at Early Stages of Aggregation using nanopipette
Authors: Charles‐Achille Saly , Janot Jean‐Marc , Cayrol Bastien , Balme Sebastien
Published: January 2024

Understanding α‐synuclein aggregation is crucial in the context of Parkinson's disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of aggregation induced by preformed seeding on the volume of oligomers during the early stages, using a label‐free, single‐molecule characterization approach. By utilizing nanopipettes of varying sizes, the volume of the oligomers can be calculated from the amplitude of the current blockade and pipette geometry. Further investigation of the aggregates formed over time in the presence of added seeds revealed an acceleration in the formation of large aggregates and the existence of multiple distinct populations of oligomers. Additionally, we observed that spontaneously formed seeds inhibited the formation of smaller oligomers, in contrast to the effect of HNE seeds. These results suggest that the seeds play a crucial role in the formation of oligomers and their sizes during the early stages of aggregation, whereas the classical thioflavin T assay remains negative.
New Facile Continuous Microwave Pipeline Technology for the Preparation of Highly Stable and Active Carbon‐Supported Platinum Catalyst
Authors: Feng Zhanxiong , Lu Jiapeng , Zhang Chuang , Liu Dezheng , Jia Zhiyong , Wang Yun , Wang Cheng
Published: January 2024

Nowadays, the depletion of non‐renewable energy sources has become a prominent issue, and environmental concerns such as air pollution stemming from vehicle emissions have reached a critical stage. In this manuscript, we introduce a novel approach for the fabrication of Pt/C catalysts on a large scale, utilizing a simple, rapid, and continuous pipeline microwave synthesis method. Moreover, we incorporate a heating treatment process in an N2−H2 (5 % H2) environment to enhance the activity and durability of the catalyst. The synthesized Pt/C‐400 catalyst demonstrates an impressive electrochemical active surface area of 103.2 m2/gpt and a mass‐specific activity of 315 mA/mg at a half‐wave potential of 0.9 V. Following 30000 cycles of Pt attenuation testing and 30000 cycles of carrier attenuation testing, the Pt/C‐400 catalyst exhibits a remarkable retention rate of 75 %. Furthermore, based on single‐cell testing, the Pt/C‐400 catalyst achieves a voltage of 0.606 V at a current density of 2000 mA/cm2, surpassing the performance of other Pt/C catalysts discussed in this article. This study presents an efficient and practical method for large‐scale synthesis of high‐performance and durable catalysts. The findings hold significant implications for the commercialization of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and contribute to addressing the pressing need for sustainable energy solutions.
Recent Progress in Electric‐field Enhanced 3D Graphene Electrodes using Laser Scribing for In‐plane Microsupercapacitors
Authors: Pak Sangyeon , Jang A‐Rang , Lee Young‐Woo
Published: January 2024

The increasing demand for miniature, flexible electronic devices have fueled the need for compact and high‐performing energy storage solutions. Microsupercapacitors (mSCs) with reduced dimension and novel electrode design have gained prominence. This concept paper summarizes and views the recent advancements in mSCs with a focus on 3D graphene electrodes and their novel electrode design to increase energy performance of the devices. Especially, we focus on these 3D graphene structures fabricated using a laser‐scribing method which offer an efficient, cost‐effective approach for enhanced mSC performance. Further, this work delves into the vital link between the electrical field effect and geometrically engineered interdigitated electrodes, which is pivotal for maximizing the ion transport and mSC energy storage performance. The insights presented here are promising for meeting the power requirements of future miniature electronics.
Formation of Sterically Congested C−N Bonds by Electrochemical Reductive Coupling of Amines and α‐Bromocarboxamides
Authors: Ghosh Titli , Kaizawa Hazuki , Funato Shohei , Rahman M. Azadur , Sasaki Norihiko , Nokami Toshiki , Abe Manabu , Nishikata Takashi
Published: January 2024

Nucleophilic substitution of α‐bromocarboxamide with amines have been demonstrated to synthesize sterically congested C−N bonds. Electrochemical reductive coupling is an efficient route to access hindered amino acid derivatives possessing a quaternary carbon center with excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Cyclic voltammetry analyses indicated the cathodic reduction of α‐bromocarboxamides in the presence of amines as nucleophiles. The control experiment using the N‐methyl derivative of α‐bromocarboxamide suggested that the aziridinone is the most probable intermediate in this method.
Electrocatalytic Activity of CO2 Reduction to CO on Cadmium Sulfide Enhanced by Chloride Anion Doping
Authors: Wang Mingyan , Cao Weiqi , Yu Jingkun , Yang Dexin , Qi Kongsheng , Zhao Yuhua , Hua Zhixin , Li Hongping , Lu Siyu
Published: January 2024

The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR) to produce valuable fuel is a promising process for addressing atmospheric CO2 emissions and energy shortages. In this study, Cl‐anion doped cadmium sulfide structures were directly fabricated on a nickel foam surface (Cl/CdS‐NF) using an in situ hydrothermal method. The Cl‐anion doping could significantly improve ECR activity for CO production in ionic liquid and acetonitrile mixed solution, compared to pristine CdS. The highest Faradaic efficiency of CO is 98.1 % on a Cl/CdS‐NF‐2 cathode with an excellent current density of 137.0 mA cm−2 at −2.25 V versus ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc/Fc+, all potentials are versus Fc/Fc+ in this study). In particular, CO Faradaic efficiencies remained above 80 % in a wide potential range of −2.05 V to −2.45 V and a maximum partial current density (192.6 mA cm−2) was achieved at −2.35 V. The Cl/CdS‐NF‐2, with appropriate Cl anions, displayed abundant active sites and a suitable electronic structure, resulting in outstanding ECR activity. Density functional theory calculations further demonstrated that Cl/CdS is beneficial for increasing the adsorption capacities of *COOH and *H, which can enhance the activity of the ECR toward CO and suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction.
A machine learning approach for modelling and optimization of complex systems: Application to condensate stabilizer plants
Authors: Alkatheri Mohammed , Hourfar Farzad , Khoshnevisan Ladan , Fgaier Hedia , Almansoori Ali , Elkamel Ali
Published: January 2024

Recent advancements in supervised machine learning tools have demonstrated their ability to achieve accurate and efficient prediction results. In this paper, we leverage these tools as alternative approaches to model a specific application in the gas industry, based on operating data. The chosen application is a natural gas condensate stabilization process, in which light end components are removed to reduce condensate vapour pressure, meeting storage and transportation specifications. Here, we develop and evaluate various supervised machine learning models to predict the performance of two industrial condensate stabilizer units. By utilizing large datasets from these units and encompassing comprehensive operating data of input–output variables, we not only demonstrate the capability of these techniques to offer reliable and accurate predictions but also shed light on their potential impacts and implementations. The impacts of applying selected AI and machine learning algorithms are two‐fold. First, our research presents an innovative approach to process modelling and optimization in the gas industry, showing the potential for enhanced operational efficiency, profitability, and safety. Second, we propose a data‐driven surrogate‐based optimization framework, where the generated machine learning models can replace detailed first‐principle models, offering a streamlined method to find optimal values for variables to reduce operational energy consumption. Furthermore, we address the validation requirements of our machine learning models, ensuring their robustness and reliability in real‐world applications. By incorporating rigorous validation procedures, we guarantee the quality of our predictions and support their practical implementation. In conclusion, our research not only highlights the capabilities of machine learning in gas industry applications but also emphasizes their potential impacts and contributions to operational excellence. So, the presented approach can pave the way for improved performance, efficiency, and profitability in the gas industry.
Virtual reality modeling application based on multi perspective and deep learning in the new media presentation and brand building of Dongguan City memory
Authors: Ye Yunfeng , Liu Huifang , Kuang Wenhui , Chen Wenxuan
Published: January 2024

To help the new media presentation and brand building of Dongguan City memory, a virtual reality modeling model based on multi‐perspective and deep learning is proposed. First, in order to address the issue of imbalanced input and output information in depth map prediction tasks, as well as poor accuracy of predicted depth map boundaries, a depth map prediction model based on multiple perspectives and deep learning is built. Then, a single perspective modeling framework is proposed to address the scarcity of perspectives in practical situations, and a dynamic fusion model is built for single‐view virtual reality scenes based on multi‐view generation networks. The results indicated that the mean square error, average relative error, and average logarithmic error were minimized at 0.52, 0.138, and 0.068, respectively. The multi‐threshold accuracy index demonstrated peak values at 0.772, 0.8821, and 0.947, respectively. The grid simplification algorithm exhibited the shortest running times at 1.57, 2.52, 3.91, and 6.53 s, respectively. Moreover, the single‐view modeling frame displayed the smallest angle distance at 0.1449, while the overlap degree of the point cloud scene reached the highest levels at 77.47, 79.49, 83.5, and 84.47, respectively. To sum up, the model has a good application effect in virtual reality modeling and positively affects virtual reality technology development.
Fluorescent Enzymatic Sensor Based Glucose Oxidase Modified Bovine Serum Albumin‐Gold Nanoclusters for Detection of Glucose
Authors: Abraham Merin K , Madanan Anju S , Varghese Susan , R. S. Lekshmi , Shkhair Ali Ibrahim , N. S. Vijila , George Sony
Published: January 2024

An enzymatic fluorescent probe is developed for the selective detection of glucose. In this work, a Bovine Serum Albumin stabilized gold nanocluster (BSA‐AuNCs) was synthesized by microwave assisted method, and it is modified with glucose oxidase, thereby a fluorescent enzymatic sensor (BSA‐AuNCs@GoX) was designed for the sensitive detection of glucose with a limit of detection of 0.03 mM. The red fluorescence exhibited by the probe is quenched by the production of H2O2 on addition of glucose via. a static quenching mechanism from UV visible absorption and Fluorescence lifetime results. The developed probe exhibits good selectivity and sensitivity with other coexisting molecular species such as glycine, creatinine, methionine, histidine, uric acid, albumin, and ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc etc. that appear in the body fluid. The practical applicability was studied in paper strip and extended its reproducibility in biological matrixes such as human serum and urine and found a good recovery percentage of 94–101 %. By this way, we have fabricated an effective fluorescent enzymatic “turn‐off” sensing probe for the detection of glucose.
Facile Synthesis of High‐Entropy Alloy Nanowires for Electrocatalytic Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: Ling Xinyi , Ao Yunyun , Zheng Jinyu , Han Min , Xu Dongdong
Published: January 2024

Considering the structural and compositional advantages of high‐entropy alloy (HEA) as high‐efficient electrocatalysts, we here present a facile method to prepare high‐entropy alloy nanowires with seven elements in an aqueous solution. The as‐synthesized PdPtCuAgAuPbCo nanowires possess dispersed one‐dimensional morphology and exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic performance with the mass activity of 9.9 A mgPd+Pt−1 toward ethanol electrooxidation. The HEA nanowires also perform superior stability, resistance to CO poisoning, and good electrocatalytic activities toward other alcohols (e. g., ethylene glycol and methanol) oxidation. The synthesis strategy is easy to operate with low cost and has wide application prospects for preparing desired electrocatalysts for fuel cells.