bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased Plasma Concentrations of Soluble CD40 Ligand in Acute Coronary Syndrome Depend on in Vitro Platelet Activation
Authors: Ivandic Boris T , Spanuth Eberhard , Haase Detlef , Lestin Heiko-Gundmar , Katus Hugo A
Published: May 2007

Background: Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) was suggested as a novel biomarker of cardiovascular risk. We examined the effect of preanalytical variation on the measurement of sCD40L concentration.

Methods: From healthy control individuals (n = 20) and patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (n = 20) or sepsis (n = 20), we obtained blood drawn into 5 tubes containing citrate or a mixture of citrate, theophylline, adenosine, and dipyridamole (CTAD). The tubes were incubated for 30 min at room temperature or 0 °C before a single or double centrifugation (15 min, 2500g) at room temperature or 4 °C, respectively. sCD40L, β-thromboglobulin (βTG), and platelet factor 4 (PF4) concentrations were measured using immunoassays.

Results: Concentrations of sCD40L were very low in all CTAD and citrated samples maintained at 0 °C (median ≤0.076 μg/L). Although increased βTG and PF4 confirmed disease-related in vivo platelet activation, sCD40L was not higher in patients than in controls. In contrast, if the samples were processed at room temperature, sCD40L was significantly higher in ACS patients than in controls (P <0.02 in CTAD and citrated plasma at room temperature). Moreover, the βTG:PF4 ratio decreased in patient but not control CTAD samples, suggesting a greater susceptibility of patient platelets to in vitro activation.

Conclusions: Increased sCD40L concentrations resulted from in vitro platelet activation during sample preparation. Disease-related in vivo activation did not contribute to sCD40L concentrations in plasma. Therefore, published studies of sCD40L demand cautious interpretation, because their preanalytical conditions were not standardized.
Einige Besonderheiten bei der Messung der komplexen DK an verlustbehafteten dielektrischen Werkstoffen (Some Topics of Measurement of Complex Permittivity for Lossy Dielectric Materials)
Authors: Kummer Manfred
Published: May 2007

Reale elektrische Materialien können entweder als nicht-ideale (d. h. verlustbehaftete) Dielektrika oder als nicht-ideale (d. h. κ < ∞) Leiter betrachtet werden. Der Übergangsbereich 0,01 < tanδ < 100 (Bereich großer Verluste) erfordert manchmal besondere Aufmerksamkeit. In diesem Bereich sind bemerkenswerte Effekte (a) das Auftreten von Nebenresonanzfrequenzen in begrenzten Bereichen von ε

r
´ und tanδ, abhängig von der Art und dem Betrag der Kopplung und (b) Übergänge zwischen Wellenleitermoden (z. B. von E01- zu TEM-Mode in einem kreiszylindrischen Hohlraumresonator mit einem Stab aus verlustbehaftetem Dielektrikum). Einige wenige Beispiele und deren Auswirkung auf z. B. Kalibrierfunktionen werden diskutiert.
WinLALS series for Helical Polymers running on Windows PCs
Authors: Okada Kenji , Boochathum Ploenpit , Noguchi Keiichi , Okuyama Kenji
Published: May 2007

WinLALS series is a software package to solve crystal structures of helical polymers based on the linked-atom least-squares (LALS) method and consists of three independent programs: PreLALS workbench, WinLALS program and new developed PostLALS program. The PostLALS program is newly developed and this becomes very easy to use LALS users.
Is there a crystal clear definition of a crystal?
Authors: Baake Michael , Frettlöh Dirk
Published: May 2007

To clearly define the objects one is working with is a prerequisite for sound scientific work. In particular, a comparison of results is impossible without. In this view, one needs a clear-cut definition of what a crystal is supposed to be. Moreover, in view of the large community of people working with them, it is desirable to even have a well accepted definition. Neither property seems to be satisfied with the present fuzzy definition of a crystal, and the reasons are manifold. …
About crystals and their definition
Authors: Zimmermann Helmuth W.
Published: May 2007

A look back into history tells us that crystallography was developed without a definition of a crystal, or more precise: the definition has grown with the knowledge about an only vaguely described object. This is painful for mathematicians but not for physicists. Physicists can show the material they deal with, it exists as soon as they have shown, named and described it, mathematicians have to define it: it does not exist as long as it is not defined. …
Überlegungen zur Genese der römischen Liebeselegie aus der hellenistischen Dichtung
Authors: Gärtner Thomas
Published: May 2007

This paper tries to develop the characteristics of Roman love elegy from
the scanty remains of Greek Hellenistic elegy. The most important Hellenistic
predecessors of love elegy are poems mourning a deceased partner, like the Lyde
of Antimachos of Kolophon and the Epikedeion Aretes of Parthenios of Nikaia.
These poems seem to have contained at least some subjective passages, even if
they are difficult to verify in the fragmentary tradition. The novelty of Roman
love elegy seems to consist not only in the intensivation of such subjective
elements, but mainly in a change of direction of the mourning element still
present there: the love elegist mourns not a beloved partner's external death,
but his own death-like desolation because of the partner's infidelity. The motive
of mourning death used literally in Hellenistic Elegy is metaphorized in Roman
love elegy.
Northern Line tunnel reconstruction at Old Street
Authors: Burgess N. , Fagents J. , Paterson J.
Published: May 2007

For many years, London Underground's Northern Line tunnels just south of Old Street station had suffered from attack by sulphuric acid. These tunnels were constructed between 1899 and 1901, and were enlarged between 1922 and 1924. Acid began to seep into the tunnels in 1945 and cracks appeared in the tunnel linings in 1960. Over the years, to ensure safety, London Underground Limited (LUL) monitored the increasing levels of distortion and cracking of the tunnel linings and installed temporary strengthening until the need for innovative long-term solutions became evident. This paper describes various investigations into the problem, the formation of a solution and the consequent construction works, which had to be carried out with minimal disruption to services within the complex operating environment of the two Northern Line branches. The solution was to replace the grey cast-iron linings with larger diameter acid resistant linings made from cast duplex stainless steel. The works were carried out at night using a special shield, through which the trains passed during the day. The project took six years from initial concept to completion, including more than four years of research and design, a precasting contract for the linings and finally nine months of installation works. In total, the project cost approximately £15 million.
Research and development in discrete element paving systems
Authors: Knapton J. , Cook I. D.
Published: May 2007

This paper describes the research and case study evaluations that have led to an understanding of the behaviour of discrete element paving systems, that is, pavements surfaced with units manufactured from concrete, clay or natural stone. The results of this research have been used to develop a Total Quality Chart that allows its user to identify those factors that need special attention and to ensure that the pavement is specified to avoid failure. The Chart can be used in design and maintenance of a pavement surfaced with discrete elements. Case studies are presented for seven projects that have underperformed and for two projects that have performed well. These case studies are used to define the factors that commonly lead to failure. As well as the usual technical inputs to the specification procedure, the Total Quality Chart also includes an appraisal of any unusual environmental conditions that might prevail. It also takes into account the location of the project and the perception of the project by the general public. By integrating these 'soft’ factors with the traditionally applied technical factors, the paper shows how a pavement can be guaranteed to perform to the client's requirements. It is concluded that an understanding of the way in which pavers behave has resulted from an effective collaboration between academia and industry.
A regional metro for London
Authors: Alexander S. J.
Published: May 2007

The characteristics of an ideal regional metro line are established as: having no more than five stations in the central area; the stations being double ended and long enough for twelve-car trains; and being joined to at least two lines at each side of the central area to give a wider choice of routes and to permit both all-stations trains and semi-fast trains to operate. Services of at least 24 trains per hour are envisaged and, therefore, key junctions need to be grade-separated. The regional metro concept of three lines crossing London linking existing radial routes—Thameslink 2000, CrossRail and Chelsea–Hackney—is examined against the ideal criteria and in the light of the potential catchments, and some alternative solutions to those currently proposed are suggested. The implementation sequence was established before the decision was taken to route the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (with some Kent commuter services) to St Pancras, and the reverse sequence of Chelsea–Hackney metro being constructed before CrossRail deserves serious investigation.
Ladbroke Grove Station (2): design, construction and monitoring of remedial works
Authors: Jayawardena H. , MacDonald G. , Godman S.
Published: May 2007

London Underground Limited's Ladbroke Grove Station, constructed around 100 years ago, was displaying signs of structural damage. The brick platform walls appeared to have rotated outwards from the tracks and vertical cracks of up to 5 mm wide were visible. Investigation and monitoring works were undertaken and proposals were outlined for remedial works. A design and build contract was subsequently awarded for remedial works. The earlier remedial proposals were reconsidered at design in order to arrive at the optimum solution, resulting in the least disruption to passengers. This paper discusses how the final solution was derived, the construction works and the monitoring of their effectiveness.
Large‐Scale Synthesis, Annealing, Purification, and Magnetic Properties of Crystalline Helical Carbon Nanotubes with Symmetrical Structures
Authors: Tang N. J. , Zhong W. , Au C. T. , Gedanken A. , Yang Y. , Du Y. W.
Published: May 2007

Crystalline helical carbon nanotubes (HCNTs) are synthesized as the main products in the pyrolysis of acetylene at 450 °C over Fe nanoparticles generated by means of a combined sol–gel/reduction method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal that there are two HCNTs attached to each Fe3C nanoparticle, and that the two HCNTs are mirror images of each other. Annealing in Ar at 750 °C and purification by immersion in hot (90 °C) HCl solution do not significantly change the structure of the HCNTs, despite the partial removal of Fe nanoparticles by the latter treatment. The magnetic properties of the as‐prepared, annealed, and purified HCNTs have been systematically examined. The annealed sample shows relatively high magnetization due to the ferromagnetic α‐Fe nanoparticles encapsulated in the HCNT nodes. In the case of HCl treatment, relatively pure HCNTs are obtained by the removal of ferromagnetic nanoparticles from the double‐HCNT nodes. The effects of the amount of catalyst used in the synthesis process on the morphology and yield of the carbon products have also been investigated.
Blood eosinophils in workers with aluminum potroom asthma are increased to higher levels in non‐smokers than in smokers
Authors: Sjåheim Tone , Kongerud Johny , Søyseth Vidar
Published: May 2007

Background

Aluminum potroom asthma (PA) has been described in several reports. This study aimed to investigate the association between blood eosinophils and PA.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional study, 338 workers were examined as follows: spirometry, blood eosinophils, skin prick test, and work exposure measurements. They also completed a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, smoking, allergy, and duration of work exposure.

Results

The odds ratio for PA was 4.2 (95% confidence interval 1.5–9.7) for workers with eosinophils ≥400 × 106 cells/L compared with workers with eosinophils <200 × 106 cells/L. In non‐smokers, the number of eosinophils was 177 × 106 cells/L (P < 0.001) higher among workers with PA than asymptomatic workers, whereas the corresponding difference among current smokers was only 63 × 106 cells/L (P = 0.03).

Conclusions

The prevalence of PA was positively associated with blood eosinophils. An attenuation of the blood eosinophil increase was observed in smoking asthmatics, suggesting an immune‐modulating effect of smoking. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:443–448, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for association and epistasis at the DAOA/G30 and D‐amino acid oxidase loci in an Irish schizophrenia sample
Authors: Corvin A. , McGhee K.A. , Murphy K. , Donohoe G. , Nangle J.M. , Schwaiger S. , Kenny N. , Clarke S. , Meagher D. , Quinn J. , Scully P. , Baldwin P. , Browne D. , Walsh C. , Waddington J.L. , Morris D.W. , Gill M.
Published: May 2007

The D‐amino acid oxidase (DAO) signaling pathway has been implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis. This may be mediated through modulation of NMDA function by DAO, which is in turn activated by DAO activator (DAOA, formerly G72). Chumakov et al. (2002); PNAS 99: 13675–13680, identifying the novel schizophrenia susceptibility gene DAOA/G30 and a number of independent studies have since reported evidence of association between the DAOA and DAO genes and schizophrenia. However, at least two studies have failed to replicate the epistatic interaction between these loci described in the original report and there have been differences in the associated alleles/haplotypes reported at each locus. In this study, we performed association and epistasis analyses of the DAOA/G30 and DAO loci in a sample of 373 cases with DSM‐IV schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and 812 controls from the Republic of Ireland. Corrected for the number of tests performed, we found evidence for association between markers at both genes and schizophrenia: DAOA/G30 (P = 0.005, OR = 1.34 (1.09, 1.65)) and DAO (P = 0.003, OR = 1.43 (1.12, 1.84). The data suggest that evidence for association at DAO (marker rs2111902) is more consistent than previously realized, particularly in Caucasian schizophrenia populations. We identified evidence for epistatic interaction between the associated SNPs at DAOA and DAO genes in contributing to schizophrenia risk (OR = 9.3 (1.4, 60.5). Based on these data, more systematic investigation of genes involved in DAO signaling is required. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CO2 Fixation and Transformation by a Dinuclear Copper Cryptate under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Chen Jia‐Mei , Wei Wei , Feng Xiao‐Long , Lu Tong‐Bu
Published: May 2007

CO2 fixation and transformation by metal complexes continuously receive attention from the viewpoint of carbon resources and environmental concerns. We found that the dinuclear copper(II) cryptate [Cu2L1](ClO4)4 (1; L1=N[(CH2)2NHCH2(m‐C6H4)CH2NH‐(CH2)2]3N) can easily take up atmospheric CO2 even under weakly acidic conditions at room temperature and convert it from bicarbonate into carbonate monoesters in alcohol solution. The compounds [Cu2L1(μ‐O2COH)](ClO4)3 (2), [Cu2L1(μ‐O2COR)](ClO4)3 (3: R=CH3; 4: R=C2H5; 5: R=C3H7; 6: R=C4H9; 7: R=C5H11; 8: R=CH2CH2OH), [Cu2L1(μ‐O2CCH3)](ClO4)3 (9), and [Cu2L1(OH2)(NO3)](NO3)3 (10) were characterized by IR spectroscopy and ESI‐MS. The crystal structures of 2–6 and 10 were studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. On the basis of the crystal structures, solution studies, and DFT calculations, a possible mechanism for CO2 fixation and transformation is given.
Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on an auditory order threshold task
Authors: Cinel Caterina , Boldini Angela , Russo Riccardo , Fox Elaine
Published: May 2007

The effect of acute exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) generated by mobile phones on an auditory threshold task was investigated. 168 participants performed the task while exposed to RF EMF in one testing session (either global system for mobile communication (GSM) or unmodulated signals) while in a separate session participants were exposed to sham signals. Lateralization effects were tested by exposing participants either on the left side or on the right side of the head. No significant effect of exposure to RF EMF was detected, suggesting that acute exposure to RF EMFs does not affect performance in the order threshold task. Bioelectromagnetics 28:493–496, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exposure of pregnant dairy heifer to magnetic fields at 60 Hz and 30 µT
Authors: Burchard J.F. , Nguyen D.H. , Monardes H.G.
Published: May 2007

Thirty‐two pregnant Holstein heifers weighing 499 ± 45 kg, at 3.1 ± .7 months of gestation and 21 ± 2.0 months of age were confined and exposed to 30 µT magnetic fields (MFs) and a 12 h light/12 h dark light cycle. The heifers were divided into two replicates of 16 animals. Each replicate was divided into two groups of eight animals each, one group the non‐exposed and the second, the exposed group. The animals were subjected to the different treatments for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the animals switched treatment, the exposed group becoming the non‐exposed group and vice versa. Then the treatment continued for 4 more weeks. Catheters were inserted into the jugular vein, and blood samples were collected twice a week to estimate the concentration of progesterone (P4), melatonin (MLT), prolactin (PRL), and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1). Feed consumption was measured daily. The results indicated that exposure of pregnant heifers to MF similar to those encountered underneath a 735 kV high tension electrical power line for 20 h/day during a period of 4 weeks produces slight effects. This is evidenced by statistically significant higher body weight (1.2%), higher weekly body weight gain (30%), and decreases in the concentration of PRL (15%) and IGF‐1 (4%) in blood serum. The absence of abnormal clinical signs and the absolute magnitude of the significant changes detected during MF exposure, make it plausible to preclude any major animal health hazard. Bioelectromagnetics 28:471–476, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combination of biotransformation and chromatography for the isolation and purification of mannoheptulose
Authors: Kappler‐Tanudyaya Nathalie , Schmitt Heike , Tippkötter Nils , Meyer Lina , Lenzen Sigurd , Ulber Roland
Published: May 2007

Mannoheptulose is a seven‐carbon sugar. It is an inhibitor of glucose‐induced insulin secretion due to its ability to selectively inhibit the enzyme glucokinase. An improved procedure for mannoheptulose isolation from avocados is described in this study (based upon the original method by La Forge). The study focuses on the combination of biotransformation and downstream processing (preparative chromatography) as an efficient method to produce a pure extract of mannoheptulose. The experiments were divided into two major phases. In the first phase, several methods and parameters were compared to optimize the mannoheptulose extraction with respect to efficiency and purity. In the second phase, a mass balance of mannoheptulose over the whole extraction process was undertaken to estimate the yield and efficiency of the total extraction process. The combination of biotransformation and preparative chromatography allowed the production of a pure mannoheptulose extract. In a biological test, the sugar inhibited the glucokinase enzyme activity efficiently.
Identification of a ligand for IgG‐Fc derived from a soluble peptide library based on fusion proteins secreted by S. cerevisiae
Authors: Mersich Christa , Billes Werner , Jungbauer Alois
Published: May 2007

Biological libraries are important tools in the development of new peptide‐based compounds. Here, we describe the use of a soluble peptide library system as a complementary tool in the field of ligand development. Random peptides were expressed in S. cerevisiae as carboxy‐terminal extensions of the eukaryotic initiation factor 5a (eIF5a) and secreted into the culture supernatant. Expression and screening of this library were performed in a microwell format. As an example of this versatile approach, we describe the identification of a ligand for the human IgG‐Fc fragment. Ligands binding IgG‐Fc show great potential in a wide variety of applications including development of therapeutics, streamlining the large‐scale purification of antibodies, and applications in diagnostic tests. We demonstrated the utility of this system. After screening only 6160 clones, we identified a ligand with the peptide sequence of TRRRTCSPPTWPRARARSTPSGCSSTGPSANRG. An affinity constant of 3.9 x 105 M‐1 was determined by a biosensor method. Handling and maintenance of this library is conceptually simple and highly applicable for automated high‐throughput systems.
High‐throughput protein purification under denaturating conditions by the use of cation exchange chromatography
Authors: Alm Tove , Steen Johanna , Ottosson Jenny , Hober Sophia
Published: May 2007

A high‐throughput protein purification strategy using the polycationic Zbasic tag has been developed. In order for the strategy to be useful both for soluble and less soluble proteins, a denaturating agent, urea, was used in all purification steps. First, four target proteins were genetically fused to the purification tag, Zbasic. These protein constructs were purified by cation exchange chromatography and eluted using a salt gradient. From the data achieved, a purification strategy was planned including stepwise elution to enable parallel protein purification using a laboratory robot. A protocol that includes all steps, equilibration of the chromatography resin, load of sample, wash, and elution, all without any manual handling steps, was handled by the laboratory robot. The program allows automated purification giving milligram amounts of pure recombinant protein of up to 60 cell lysates. In this study 22 different protein constructs, with different characteristics regarding pI and solubility, were successfully purified by the laboratory robot. The data show that Zbasic can be used as a general purification tag also under denaturating conditions. Moreover, the strategy enables purification of proteins with different pI and solubility using ion exchange chromatography (IEXC). The procedure is highly reproducible and allows for high protein yield and purity and is therefore a good complement to the commonly used His6‐tag.
Electron donor effect on nitrate reduction pathway and kinetics in a mixed methanogenic culture
Authors: Tugtas A. Evren , Pavlostathis Spyros G.
Published: May 2007

The effect of different electron donors on the pathway and kinetics of nitrate reduction in a sulfide‐acclimated mixed, mesophilic (35°C) methanogenic culture was investigated. A mixture of dextrin and peptone, glucose, propionate, acetate, and H2/CO2 were used as substrates at an initial chemical oxygen demand of 1,500 mg/L and the initial nitrate concentration ranged between 0 and 300 mg N/L. The fastest nitrate reduction was observed in the H2/CO2 and acetate‐fed cultures. In the case of propionate, nitrate reduction was the slowest followed by partial recovery of methanogenesis and accumulation of volatile fatty acids due to inhibition as a result of accumulation of denitrification intermediates. Similarly, accumulation of nitrite and nitric oxide and partial or complete inhibition of methanogenesis was observed in the H2/CO2‐fed cultures. Methanogenesis completely recovered in the dextrin/peptone‐, glucose‐, and acetate‐fed cultures at all nitrate levels. Denitrification was the dominant pathway of nitrate reduction in the propionate‐, acetate‐, and H2/CO2‐fed cultures regardless of the COD/N value. However, both denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) were observed in the dextrin/peptone‐ and glucose‐fed cultures and the degree of predominance of either of the two pathways was a function of the COD/N value. Therefore, the type of electron donor used affected both the nitrate reduction pathway and kinetics, as well as the recovery of fermentation and/or methanogenesis in the mixed methanogenic culture. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98: 756–763. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Penetration of the Antimicrobial Peptide Dicynthaurin into Phospholipid Monolayers at the Liquid–Air Interface
Authors: Bringezu Frank , Majerowicz Monika , Maltseva Elena , Wen Shaoying , Brezesinski Gerald , Waring Alan J.
Published: May 2007

This work focuses on the adsorption kinetics of dicynthaurin with lipid monolayers, the effect of peptide adsorption on the structure of the lipid condensed chain lattice, peptide orientation and secondary structure in the adsorbed state. The studies with DPPG as model system revealed strong adsorption and massive incorporation of the peptide into the monolayer. Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) experiments showed that the secondary structure of the peptide is maintained upon adsorption. Specular X‐ray reflectivity showed the destabilization of the condensed phase of the pure lipid monolayer and revealed a tilted orientation of the long axis of the peptide helix of about 40° from the surface normal. Incorporation of the peptide was found to be pressure dependent, and at high pressure a “squeeze‐out” was observed; however, the peptide remained localized to the interface, as suggested by infrared data. These findings were supported by optical fluorescence microscopy measurements which showed the squeeze‐out of the peptide on water, but not under physiological conditions. The results suggest that dicynthaurin is able to adsorb to the phosphatidylglycerol‐rich inner cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and alter membrane integrity. To identify and interact with membrane motifs that are characteristic of microbes, but which are absent in eukaryotic cells, might be an intrinsic ability of peptide antibiotics.
Closure of extracardiac Fontan fenestration by using the covered Cheatham Platinum stent
Authors: Marini D. , Boudjemline Y. , Agnoletti G.
Published: May 2007

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe our experience concerning the use of covered Cheatham Platinum (CP) stent in patients with fenestrated total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). Background: Closure of TCPC fenestrations has been achieved by utilizing different devices designed to close intra‐cardiac or aorto‐pulmonary communications. Methods: We used the covered CP stent in 6 patients with fenestrated TCPC. Median age and weight were 11 years and 38 Kg, respectively. Femoral approach was used in all but 1 patient having bilateral thrombosis of femoral veins. The CP stent was crimped on a BiB balloon in 5 patients and on a simple balloon in 1 patient. The balloon's diameter was the same size or 1–2 mm larger than the TCPT conduit, according to angiographic diameter. Results: Mean procedural and fluoroscopy time were 41 ± 8 and 8 ± 2 min, respectively. Immediate full occlusion of fenestration was obtained in all patients. Mean central venous pressure was not significantly increased from 10.8 ± 2.5 to 11.8 ± 2.8 mm Hg and oxygen saturation significantly increased from (91.5 ± 4.4)% to (98.5 ± 1.9)% (P = 0.003). No procedural or intra‐hospital complications occurred. In particular, no arrhythmias, systemic embolism, or acute venous thrombosis were observed. At a median follow‐up of 2.8 months all patients have normal oxygen saturation and are symptom‐free. Conclusions: The covered CP stent can be easily and effectively used for closure of TCPC fenestrations. This method has the advantage to avoid protrusion of prosthetic material into the left atrium and to prevent early or late embolism. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased incidence of stent thrombosis in patients with cocaine use
Authors: Karlsson Gudjon , Rehman Jalees , Kalaria Vijay , Breall Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2007

Introduction: Coronary stent thrombosis is a rare occurrence in the era of dual‐antiplatelet therapy. It is not known whether patients who use cocaine have a higher risk of thrombosis following coronary stent placement. Methods: We studied 247 consecutive patients who underwent coronary stent placement at an inner‐city hospital. Results: Twelve patients (4.9%) were actively using cocaine at the time of PCI. Of these twelve patients, four patients presented with stent thrombosis (33%) at a mean of 51 ± 40 days (median 45 days), after the index revascularization procedure. Only 2 of the 235 patients without documented cocaine use (0.85%) had stent thrombosis during the same period (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The patients who actively use cocaine have a markedly higher risk of stent thrombosis when compared with patients without a documented history of cocaine use. We discuss various factors that potentially predispose cocaine users to stent thrombosis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling Promiscuity Based on in vitro Safety Pharmacology Profiling Data
Authors: Azzaoui Kamal , Hamon Jacques , Faller Bernard , Whitebread Steven , Jacoby Edgar , Bender Andreas , Jenkins Jeremy L. , Urban Laszlo
Published: May 2007

This study describes a method for mining and modeling binding data obtained from a large panel of targets (in vitro safety pharmacology) to distinguish differences between promiscuous and selective compounds. Two naïve Bayes models for promiscuity and selectivity were generated and validated on a test set as well as publicly available drug databases. The model shows a higher score (lower promiscuity) for marketed drugs than for compounds in early development or compounds that failed during clinical development. Such models can be used in triaging high‐throughput screening data or for lead optimization.
Single Dibenzoterrylene Molecules in an Anthracene Crystal: Spectroscopy and Photophysics
Authors: Nicolet Aurélien A. L. , Hofmann Clemens , Kol'chenko Mikhail A. , Kozankiewicz Boleslaw , Orrit Michel
Published: May 2007

We study single dibenzoterrylene molecules in an anthracene single crystal at 1.4 K in two insertion sites at 785.1 and 794.3 nm. The single‐molecule zero‐phonon lines are narrow (about 30 MHz), intense (the detected fluorescence rates at saturation reach 100,000 counts s−1), and very photostable. The intersystem‐crossing yield is extremely low (10−7 or lower). All of these features are hallmarks of an excellent system for high‐resolution spectroscopy and nanoscale probing at cryogenic temperatures.
Intermolecular Interactions between Halothane and Dimethyl Ether: A Cryosolution Infrared and Ab Initio Study
Authors: Michielsen Bart , Herrebout Wouter A. , van der Veken Benjamin J.
Published: May 2007

The complex of halothane (CHClBrCF3) and dimethyl ether has been investigated experimentally in solutions of liquid krypton using infrared spectroscopy and theoretically using ab initio calculations at the MP2/6‐311++G(d,p) level. The formation of a 1:1 complex was experimentally detected. The most stable ab initio geometry found is the one in which the CH bond of halothane interacts with the oxygen atom of dimethyl ether. The complexes in which the chlorine or the bromine atom of halothane interacts with the oxygen atom of the ether were found to be local energy minima and were less stable by 14.5 and 9.3 kJ mol−1, respectively, than the global minimum. The formation of a single complex species was observed in the infrared spectra; the standard complexation enthalpy of this complex was determined to be −12.3(8) kJ mol−1. Analysis of the observed complexation shifts supports the identification of the complex as the hydrogen‐bonded species. The CH stretching vibration of halothane was found to show a redshift upon complexation of 19(2) cm−1. The infrared intensity ratios εcomplex/εmonomer for the fundamental and its first overtone were measured to be 6.5(1) and 0.31(1). The frequency shift was analyzed using Morokuma‐type analysis, and the infrared intensity ratios were rationalized using a model including the mechanical and electric anharmonicity of the CH stretching fundamental.
A novel triple fusion reporter system for use in gene trap mutagenesis
Authors: Tsakiridis Anestis , Tzouanacou Elena , Larralde Osmany , Watts Tim M. , Wilson Valerie , Forrester Lesley , Brickman Joshua M.
Published: May 2007

Gene trapping is an insertional mutagenesis strategy that allows for simultaneous gene identification and mutation in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Gene trap vectors both disrupt coding sequence and report on the genes' endogenous expression. The most popular gene trap reporter to date combines β‐galactosidase expression with neomycin resistance in a fusion protein known as β‐geo. Here we describe a refinement to this reporter that also incorporates real time fluorescent readouts. We have constructed a series of gene trap vectors incorporating a novel tripartite fusion protein consisting of EGFP, β‐galactosidase, and the neomycin or hygromycin resistance activities. Our results indicate that these triple fusions can function efficiently as reporters of endogenous trapped gene expression and subcellular localization. We show that these fusion proteins constitute versatile gene trap reporters whose activity can be detected in real time by fluorescence and in fixed tissue with a sensitive enzymatic activity. genesis 45:353–360, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drosophila female sterile mutation spoonbill interferes with multiple pathways in oogenesis
Authors: Neuman‐Silberberg F. Shira
Published: May 2007

spoonbill is a Drosophila female‐sterile mutation, which displays a range of eggshell and egg chamber patterning defects. Previous analysis has shown that the mutation interfered with the function of two major signaling pathways, GRK/EGFR and DPP. In this report, the nature of spoonbill was further investigated to examine whether it was associated with additional pathways in oogenesis. Clonal analysis, presented here, demonstrated that most of the aberrant phenotypes associated with spoonbill were dependent on a mutant germline. Nevertheless, SPOONBILL may function also in the soma to ensure proper polarization and migration of the border‐cell‐cluster. Further, genetic interaction studies implicated spoonbill in additional unrelated pathways such as the one(s) involved in actin polymerization/depolymerization. Based on the previous data and the results presented here, it is anticipated that spoonbill may encode a multifunctional protein that perhaps coordinately regulated the activity of multiple signaling pathways during oogenesis. genesis 45:369–381, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Role of Equatorial and Axial Ligands in Promoting the Activity of Non‐Heme Oxidoiron(IV) Catalysts in Alkane Hydroxylation
Authors: Bernasconi Leonardo , Louwerse Manuel J. , Baerends Evert Jan
Published: May 2007

The key electronic structural feature of the FeO2+ moiety, which determines its activity as an alkane hydroxylation catalyst, is the presence of low‐lying acceptor orbitals, namely the 3σ* 3d–2pz antibonding orbital. Both the energetic position of this orbital and the spin state of the system (which in turn also affects the 3σ* energy) depend on the surrounding ligands. We present results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed on a series of gas‐phase complexes of composition [FeO(H2O)n(L)5–n]2+ (n = 4, 1, 0) derived from the recently characterised aqueous [FeO(H2O)5]2+ by substitution of ligand water molecules with L = NH3, CH3CN, H2S and BF3. The calculations reveal that the high‐spin (quintet) state is favoured by the weaker σ‐donating equatorial ligands, which is consistent with the literature. The high‐spin configuration is more reactive because of significant exchange stabilisation of the crucial 3σ*↑ orbital. Once the quintet state is formed by a judicious choice of equatorial ligands, the reactivity can be fine‐tuned by modulating the energy of the 3σ* orbital by varying the nature of the axial ligand. A linear relation between the σ‐donor properties of the axial ligand (estimated from the magnitude of the orbital interaction between the σ lone pair and the 3σ* orbital) and the activation barrier for the abstraction reaction is observed, and is related to a “push effect” of the σ donors that destabilises the 3σ* orbital. We propose that species with enhanced activation properties for hydrogen abstraction relative to [FeO(H2O)5]2+ might be obtainable by either replacing the axial ligand with a σ donor weaker than H2O or by preventing ligands from coordinating to iron in an axial position. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Boron Dipyrromethene Dyes Bearing Ancillary 2,2′:6′,2″‐Terpyridine Coordination Sites
Authors: Harriman Anthony , Mallon Laura J. , Stewart Beverly , Ulrich Gilles , Ziessel Raymond
Published: May 2007

Two new boron‐dipyrromethene dyes have been synthesised and their photophysical properties have been investigated by steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. These dyes are equipped with ancillary 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (terpy) residues, attached either at the B centre or at the meso position of the organic framework; in this latter case two ethynylated pyrene units are bound to the B atom. Under most experimental conditions, the absorption and emission spectral properties are typical of this class of dye. Complexation of zinc(II) cations to the terpy units attached at the B centre causes complete extinction of the fluorescence due to intramolecular electron transfer from the excited state dye to the resultant zinc(II) bis‐terpy complex. Similar behaviour is noted when the terpy is attached at the meso site, although the rate of electron transfer is slower due to the weaker driving force. A most unusual feature of the pyrene‐substituted dye is its facile self association in acetonitrile solution. This results in the reversible formation of a fluorescent associate, believed to be a symmetric dimer, that absorbs and emits to the red of the monomer. Self association is considered to be driven by a solvophobic effect in which the pyrene units seek to minimize surface contact with the surrounding solvent molecules.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Asymmetric Homoaldol Reactions with Cyclohex‐2‐enyl N,N‐Diisopropylcarbamate: Kinetic Resolution, Elucidation of the Stereochemical Course and Applications in the Synthesis of Hexahydroisobenzofuran‐4‐(1H)‐ones
Authors: Becker Jochen , Fröhlich Roland , Salorinne Kirsi , Hoppe Dieter
Published: May 2007

Enantio‐enriched cyclohex‐2‐enyl N,N‐diisopropylcarbamate (5) is stereospecifically deprotonated by sec‐butyllithium/(–)‐sparteine (9) to form the configurationally stable lithium complex 7·9. A kinetic resolution of rac‐5 by n‐butyllithium/(–)‐sparteine (9) yielded (R)‐5 with up to 99 % ee. Electrophilic substitution with tin electrophiles proceeds in a anti‐SE′ fashion as shown by chemical correlations. The synthesized allylstannanes 10 undergo a highly stereospecific TiCl4‐mediated homoaldol reaction with various aldehydes, yielding syn‐configured homoaldol products 12. These were transferred into all‐cis‐configured hexahydroisobenzofuran‐4(1H)‐ones 22 by BF3·OEt2‐mediated reactions with aldehydes. The configurations of several products were determined by X‐ray structure analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Mass distribution, polydispersity and focusing properties of carrier ampholytes for IEF. IV: pH 6–8 intervals
Authors: Simó Carolina , Citterio Attilio , Righetti Pier Giorgio
Published: May 2007

Four commercial brands of carrier ampholytes (Ampholine, Pharmalyte, Servalyt, Bio‐Lyte), in the pH 6–8 range, have been analyzed by a 2‐D technique based on preparative Rotofor fractionation followed by CE‐MS of 10 out of 20 fractions harvested, in the second dimension. The findings: Ampholine (pH 6–8) contains 80 differentMrcompounds, in theMrinterval 216–979 Da, for a total of 326 isoforms. Bio‐Lyte (pH 6–8) consists of 62 differentMrspecies, in theMrrange 341–1048 Da, for a total of 237 isoforms. Servalyt (pH 6–8) is made of 126 differentMrcompounds, in theMrinterval 240–785 Da, for a total of 703 isoforms. Pharmalyte (pH 5–8) comprises 123 amphoteres, in theMrrange of 221–992 Da, for a total of 476 isoforms. Pharmalyte appears to be the best brand, with a good proportion of species focusing sharply at their pIposition and relatively few ’︁poor' species, distributed along the entire pH gradient. General conclusions are drawn on the properties of all the pH intervals explored in this series of investigations and some guidelines for possible synthetic routes ameliorating the neutral and alkaline pH intervals are discussed.
Genomic and functional evidence for an ARID1A tumor suppressor role
Authors: Huang Jianmin , Zhao Yan‐Ling , Li Yu , Fletcher Jonathan A. , Xiao Sheng
Published: May 2007

ARID1A is located in 1p36.11, a region frequently deleted in human cancers. Using a novel method to screen for tumorigenic cDNA sequences, we have identified ARID1A as a presumptive tumor suppressor gene. The transforming ARID1A sequence was an antisense cDNA, and was the product of a genomic rearrangement, as corroborated in the primary breast carcinoma from which the cDNA had been obtained. In further screening, we identified a lung adenocarcinoma cell line with a highly localized homozygous genomic deletion involving the 5′ end of ARID1A. These studies provide strong evidence that ARID1A is a tumor suppressor gene. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New founder germline mutations of CDKN2A in melanoma‐prone families and multiple primary melanoma development in a patient receiving levodopa treatment
Authors: Kannengiesser Caroline , Dalle Stéphane , Leccia Marie‐Thérèse , Avril Marie Françoise , Bonadona Valerie , Chompret Agnès , Lasset Christine , Leroux Dominique , Thomas Luc , Lesueur Fabienne , Lenoir Gilbert , Sarasin Alain , Bressac‐de Paillerets Brigitte
Published: May 2007

Germline mutations in the CDKN2A gene have been shown to predispose individuals to cutaneous malignant melanoma. Here, we describe three melanoma‐prone families and one isolated patient affected by multiple melanoma who carried a tandem germline mutation of CDKN2A at the nucleotide level, [c.339G>C;c.340C>T], [p.Leu113Leu;p.Pro114Ser]. We also describe three other melanoma‐prone families that carried a missense germline CDKN2A mutation, c.167G>T, p.Ser56Ile. All these families and patients resided in southeast France. We analyzed six 9p21 markers where the CDKN2A gene is located and found that carrier haplotypes for both mutations were consistent with two respective common founder ancestors. In one family, we identified two fourth‐degree relatives homozygous for the Ser56Ile mutation, indicating a possible consanguinity. Furthermore, we observed that a carrier of the founder CDKN2A [p.Leu113Leu;p.Pro114Ser] mutation as well as two MC1R moderate‐risk variants, [p.Arg151Cys(+)p.Arg163Gln] developed 22 primary melanomas in the three years that followed initiation of levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease. This observation suggests that there is a need for reconsideration of the hypothesis that levodopa may play a role in melanoma development, at least when in the context of a high‐risk genetic background. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosomal imbalances are associated with outcome of Helicobacter pylori eradication in t(11;18)(q21;q21) negative gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas
Authors: Fukuhara Noriko , Nakamura Tsuneya , Nakagawa Masao , Tagawa Hiroyuki , Takeuchi Ichiro , Yatabe Yasushi , Morishima Yasuo , Nakamura Shigeo , Seto Masao
Published: May 2007

Approximately 70% of gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas can be successfully treated with H. pylori eradication. The translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21) characteristic of MALT lymphoma is recognized as a marker for H. pylori independency, but this marker is found in only a half of the MALT lymphomas resistant to H. pylori eradication. Detailed analyses of the genomic features of eradication resistant as well as responsive groups are important for understanding their molecular basis. We performed array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) for 29 gastric MALT lymphomas treated with H. pylori eradication. These comprised ten cases of t(11;18) positive MALT, nine cases of t(11;18) negative MALT with H. pylori dependency, and ten cases of t(11;18) negative MALT with H. pylori independency. Array‐CGH analysis demonstrated that no significant genetic alterations were found in t(11;18) positive MALT lymphomas, but numerous genomic alterations were detected in t(11;18) negative MALT lymphomas. Many of these alterations were similar to those found in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with trisomy 3 being the most recurrent alteration. Within the t(11;18) negative MALT lymphoma without large cell components group, genomic imbalances occurred more frequently in the H. pylori independent than in the H. pylori dependent group (P = 0.02). Genomic imbalances are associated with H. pylori independency in t(11;18) negative gastric MALT lymphomas. They may thus play an important role in the development of H. pylori independency. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The morality of efficiency in health care—some uncomfortable implications
Authors: Culyer A. J.
Published: May 2007

There are some general considerations which have implications for the delivery and finance of health care in all countries, not only Canada and the USA. Beginning with two propositions: that access to health care is a right of citizenship, which should not depend on individual income and wealth; and that the objective of health services is to maximise the impact on the nation's health of the resources available; the paper examines the ethical justification for pursuing efficiency in health care provision. The different meanings of efficiency are discussed in detail, and the use of quantitative indicators of health benefit, such as the QALY, placed in context. It is argued that the determination of health care resource allocations should take account of costs at both the macro planning level and the micro level of the individual doctor‐patient relationship. Given the starting points the overall conclusion is that it is ethical to be efficient, since to be inefficient implies failure to achieve the ethical objective of maximising health benefits from available resources.