bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A clínica no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil: na adolescência, o diagnóstico se escreve a lápis
Authors: Pavani Fabiane Machado , Wetzel Christine , Olschowsky Agnes
Published: May 2021

RESUMO O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a prática da clínica com adolescentes na atenção psicossocial, em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil. Utilizou-se a Avaliação de Quarta Geração como percurso teórico-metodológico, tendo como parâmetros avaliativos os seguintes aspectos das práticas em saúde mental, na perspectiva da atenção psicossocial: o cuidado em liberdade, intersetorial, territorial, multiprofissional, e singular, buscando como resultados a inserção social, a autonomia e a cidadania. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os profissionais do serviço, e observação participante. A análise ocorreu mediante o Método Comparativo Constante. Evidencia-se a tarefa de construir uma clínica que supere os saberes e as práticas da psiquiatria tradicional, que incorpore o contexto dos adolescentes, e que não tenha como eixo central o diagnóstico. Os resultados sugerem o deslocamento do foco da atenção na doença para o adolescente, considerando seus desejos, suas relações e os sentidos que atribuem às possíveis perspectivas e aos caminhos resultantes dos saberes da clínica. Conclui-se, sobre a necessidade da manutenção do processo de constante questionamento em relação à clínica psicossocial com adolescentes, sua repercussão e sua incorporação enquanto uma possibilidade terapêutica transitória e singular.
Loucura e direito penal: pistas para a extinção dos manicômios judiciários
Authors: Caetano Haroldo , Tedesco Silvia
Published: May 2021

RESUMO As interfaces entre a loucura e o direito penal, com a análise das medidas de segurança diante da Lei Antimanicomial e das políticas de atenção à saúde mental no Brasil, assim como a experiência do Programa de Atenção Integral ao Louco Infrator (Paili), integram os planos de desenvolvimento deste artigo. Discutem-se aqui o tratamento penal da loucura, a natureza jurídica e os fundamentos teóricos das medidas de segurança, bases a partir das quais são formuladas pistas que se voltam para o fechamento dos manicômios judiciários.
Proporção e tendência temporal das cesáreas nas regionais de saúde do Estado do Paraná, 2003 a 2014
Authors: Amari Valéria Christino da Silva , Kluthcovsky Ana Claudia Garabeli Cavalli , Amari Marcos Nader , Müller Erildo Vicente
Published: May 2021

Resumo Introdução As taxas de cesáreas vêm aumentando no Brasil e no mundo, com maior preocupação em relação às consequências para a saúde materno-infantil. Objetivo Analisar as proporções e a tendência temporal das cesáreas nas 22 Regionais de Saúde do Estado do Paraná. Método Estudo ecológico de série temporal, com dados coletados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos. As análises das proporções e da tendência temporal das cesáreas foram realizadas entre 2003 e 2014, por triênios. A tendência temporal foi calculada utilizando-se modelos de regressão linear simples, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados As maiores proporções de cesáreas ocorreram no triênio entre 2012 e 2014 (53,8% a 80,2%), exceto para a 1a Regional de Saúde (Paranaguá), com maiores proporções entre 2009 e 2011. Todas as regionais apresentaram tendência crescente na proporção de cesáreas (todos valores de p < 0,05), exceto a 1a Regional de Saúde que permaneceu com tendência estacionária (p = 0,10). A grande maioria das Regionais de Saúde do Paraná apresentou proporção de cesáreas superior à do Brasil, para todos os triênios analisados. Conclusão Os resultados apontam elevadas proporções de cesáreas nas Regionais de Saúde do Estado do Paraná e a grande maioria das regionais apresentou tendência crescente de cesáreas.
Sociedades modernas, sociedades de obsolescência: a sociologia temporal de Hartmut Rosa
Authors: Frizo Pedro , Nascimento Wagner
Published: May 2021

Resumo Centrado na revisitação da modernidade a partir de uma perspectiva temporal, Hartmut Rosa sustenta o conceito de aceleração social como aspecto fundante do projeto moderno. Explorando diferentes variáveis causais para o conceito da aceleração social, a resenha examina as transformações das instituições morais, valorativas e políticas ocorridas ao longo do desenvolvimento histórico da modernidade como episódios induzidos pela obsolescência. Sendo esta um produto de campos de ação crescentemente cambiantes e acelerados, o autor mobiliza esse conceito para fundamentar inédita proposta de diferenciação entre a modernidade e a modernidade tardia como momentos históricos calcados em diferentes níveis de compressão espaço-temporal, estabilidade institucional e temporalização de projetos individuais e coletivos de futuro.
A quantificação da qualidade: algumas considerações sobre os índices de reprovação escolar no Brasil
Authors: Gil Natália de Lacerda
Published: May 2021

Resumo Neste artigo, apresento análise acerca das relações, observáveis no caso brasileiro, entre os índices de reprovação escolar e a aferição da qualidade do ensino. A opção foi focalizar as discussões sobre a possibilidade de quantificação da qualidade do ensino desde o século XX. Inicialmente, foi preciso considerar a polissemia do termo qualidade e suas implicações para os processos de quantificação. O exame da documentação permitiu ver que coexistiram, no Brasil, por longo período a naturalização do fraco desempenho escolar dos alunos e críticas aos altos índices de reprovação repudiados como mecanismo de seletividade e exclusão. A articulação entre reprovação escolar e qualidade do ensino é, ainda hoje, perceptível no contexto educacional brasileiro, como se observou pela análise do modo de construção do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB) que, desde 2007, busca quantificar a qualidade da escola no Brasil. Nesse índice, a aferição dos saberes escolares que os alunos dominam não é condição suficiente para considerar o ensino de qualidade. Tem-se assumido também como necessário garantir um fluxo escolar normalizado, com baixa incidência de reprovação e abandono.
Os estudos sociais da quantificação e suas implicações na sociologia
Authors: Camargo Alexandre de Paiva Rio , Daniel Claudia
Published: May 2021

Resumo Este trabalho tem um duplo propósito: por um lado, apresentar a relevância, abrangência e profundidade dos estudos históricos e sociológicos sobre a quantificação; de outro, reconstruir as origens deste campo e as transformações por ele conhecidas ao longo dos últimos anos. Nesse percurso, interessa-nos destacar os vínculos entre os trabalhos que analisaram os processos de raciocinar, valorar, medir e comparar com números e as preocupações clássicas e contemporâneas da sociologia. Com este objetivo, o presente artigo oferece uma ampla revisão da literatura do campo, buscando despertar o interesse da comunidade de cientistas sociais por suas potencialidades heurísticas. Ao mesmo tempo, procura-se compilar as contribuições dos estudos sociais da quantificação à sociologia como um todo. A primeira seção apresenta um relato histórico sobre a formação desta perspectiva de análise, suas principais obras de referência e aportes mais significativos. A segunda seção discute as razões pelas quais entendemos que a sociologia deveria ampliar sua atenção para as operações e os regimes de quantificação nas sociedades contemporâneas. Além disso, examina as contribuições que o campo tem a oferecer para a reflexão sobre as questões nodais da disciplina, como o problema dos fundamentos da ordem social e da autoridade política, os processos de diferenciação social e configuração de subjetividades, a participação social, a crítica e a agência social transformadora.
Quantificação, Estado e participação social: potenciais heurísticos de um campo emergente
Authors: Camargo Alexandre de Paiva Rio , Lima Renato Sérgio de , Hirata Daniel Veloso
Published: May 2021

Resumo O artigo apresenta as perspectivas de análise da sociologia da quantificação, realçando seu potencial para revisitar debates teóricos e questões empíricas que atravessam diferentes campos, com ênfase em violência e segurança pública, relações étnico-raciais, educação e movimentos sociais, temas dos artigos que compõem esse dossiê. Procura-se mapear seu aparecimento e ainda incipiente desenvolvimento no país e demonstrar como seu quadro de referência pode ser utilizado para tratar, sob nova angulação, alguns dos problemas centrais da sociedade brasileira, como a letalidade policial, a desigualdade racial e o sistema escolar seletivo e discriminatório. Examinam-se as formas contemporâneas de quantificação, seus efeitos sobre a agência social, seus pontos de contato e suas diferenças na promoção da racionalidade neoliberal, preocupação compartilhada pelas contribuições aqui reunidas e revisadas.
Spontaneous poisoning by Ateleia glazioviana (leg. Papilionoideae) in sheep and goats in the West region of Santa Catarina
Authors: Gava Aldo , Molossi Franciéli A. , Ogliari Daiane , Melchioretto Elaine , Pasquali Eduardo , Roso José
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT: This study reported the epidemiological data and the clinical and pathological conditions of spontaneous poisoning by Ateleia glazioviana in sheep and goats in the West region of Santa Catarina. The small ruminants were located in a place where there was a large amount of young plants of A. glazioviana and showing signs of consumption. The stock of sheep was composed of 250 animals, of which 45 died. In the goat herd, there were 28 animals, and of these, 27 died, and one was sacrificed. The main clinical signs were weight loss, fatigue, slow-walk, and eventually submandibular and facial edema. Some animals were found dead, and others died suddenly after being moved. Abortions and the birth of weak lambs were also observed. In total, five sheep and one goat were necropsied. The main macroscopic lesions were associated to eccentric cardiac hypertrophy and moderate, multifocal white areas in the epicardium and myocardium. Two sheep showed marked edema in the subcutaneous tissue of the head and neck and it could be noted hydrothorax and hydroperitoneum and liver with a nutmeg-like appearance. Histological changes were relevant in the myocardium. They consisted of fibrosis and myofiber necrosis associated with macrophage infiltrate, multifocal, low and marked swelling of cardiomyocytes with loss of fibrillarystriae, and increased nuclear volume. In two sheep, there was still congenital hepatic, as well as marked centrilobular and diffuse areas.
A conceptual framework for integrating the critical success factors to service innovation
Authors: Smania Guilherme Sales , Mendes Glauco Henrique de Sousa
Published: May 2021

Abstract: The literature on service innovation has identified many factors that contribute to its success. However, the literature is fragmented concerning identifying and analyzing the critical factors that lead to success in service innovation. This article has two main objectives. First, we describe, analyze, and synthesize these critical factors via a literature review of the research conducted on service innovation. Second, we outline a framework that consists of the most influential Critical Success Factors (CSFs). The systematic literature review analyzed a sample of 317 articles published between 1985 and 2018. The analysis identified 16 of the most influential critical factors that are included in a proposed conceptual framework for service innovation. This article contributes theoretically with an analysis and synthesis of the success factors for service innovation and by offering a practical tool in the form of a conceptual framework that can be used as an analytical tool by firms and their service managers. Furthermore, this study identifies new areas for research in service innovation, focusing on discovering CSFs for service innovation in manufacturing companies, the influence of specific CSFs in organizational performance, or by empirically validating our conceptual framework as well as the impact of new technologies on success innovation factors. In the conclusion, we discuss the limitations of the research and offer suggestions for future studies.
Short-term effect of a crop-livestock-forestry system on soil, water and nutrient loss in the Cerrado-Amazon ecotone
Authors: ZOLIN Cornélio Alberto , MATOS Eduardo da Silva , MAGALHÃES Ciro Augusto de Souza , PAULINO Janaína , LAL Rattan , SPERA Sílvio Tulio , BEHLING Maurel
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Soil, water, and nutrient loss by water erosion are among the main factors leading to land degradation, decreasing soil productivity and the provision of ecosystem services. The Cerrado-Amazon ecotone in western Brazil has suffered rapid land-use cover changes with impacts on soil erosion and land degradation. Despite the importance of the region for Brazilian agriculture and environmental conservation, studies on soil, water, and nutrient loss are still scarce. We tested integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) as a sustainable agriculture management system for the Cerrado-Amazon ecotone region. A field experiment was established in the north of Mato Grosso state to quantify total soil, water, carbon and nitrogen loss during the rainy season in 2012-2013 in plots of integrated crop-forestry (ICF), pasture (PAST), eucalyptus plantation (EUC), no-tillage crop succession (CS) and bare soil (BS). Total soil, water, carbon and nitrogen losses in BS were, on average, 96.7% higher than in ICF, EUC, PAST, and CS. ICF had significantly lower water loss than CS, EUC and PAST. Total loss of carbon (4.3 - 428.2 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (0.3 - 29.2 kg ha-1) differed significantly among treatments. The production systems with tree components (EUC and ICF) and PAST showed reduced soil and nutrients loss compared to CS. Our results demonstrated that ICLF can avoid soil quality loss and thus improve agriculture sustainability in the Cerrado-Amazon ecotone.
Orofacial motricity and use of mixed techniques in a cranio-facial trauma: a case report
Authors: Guzmán Daniela , Rimassa Carla
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT No reports about treatments applied by orofacial motricity experts, in craniofacial trauma, were found in the specialized literature. However, their knowledge, added to that of the aesthetic area, would be useful in the rehabilitation of scars. The aim of this work is to describe the mixed use of orofacial motor skills, muscle balance massage and scar management in a patient with soft tissues facial trauma. During the initial evaluation, a decrease in the vertical and horizontal oral opening and in the mimic movements, facial asymmetry and marked scars that affected the oral phase of swallowing, chewing (bolus formation), lip mobility, compromising speech intelligibility and, significantly, aesthetics, were observed. Myofunctional therapy lasted 12 months, during which the patient underwent three surgeries. The process was divided into an intensive phase (six months, two weekly sessions) and a follow-up phase (six months, one weekly session), which ended when the indicators evaluated at the beginning were stable, showing improvements in scars condition and appearance, as well as in orofacial functions, including pre-post therapy self-perception and greater muscular mobility, reflecting a management with an integrative approach.
Salutogenic resources for promoting teachers’ vocal health
Authors: Marçal Cláudia Cossentino Bruck , Heidemann Ivonete Teresinha Schülter Buss , Durand Michelle Kuntz , Rumor Pamela Camila Fernandes , Arakawa-Belaunde Aline Megumi , Souza Janaina Medeiros de
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose: to understand what salutogenic resources have been developed to promote public school teachers’ vocal health. Methods: a descriptive exploratory qualitative study, carried out from September to October 2017, with teachers from the initial grades of five schools in the public school system. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were carried out, submitted to thematic analysis in the light of salutogenic theory. Results: thirty teachers participated and four thematic axes emerged: Voice perception in daily work; Voice’s aggressive factors; Salutogenic resources to promote vocal health; Practices for vocal health promotion. The following internal salutogenic resources were highlighted: the family and social bond; social relations and the propelling resources of a psychological and spiritual order. As potentialities to promote vocal health: water intake, creativity in classroom activities, quality of sleep, performance of a speech therapist, and development of health promotion practices at school. Conclusion: teachers identify and mobilize salutogenic resources to promote the health of their voices. However, it is necessary to reformulate practices in the school context to improve teachers’ vocal health and quality of life.
Panorama das iniciativas de pagamento por serviços ambientais hídricos no Brasil
Authors: Coelho Nayra Rosa , Gomes Andréa da Silva , Cassano Camila Righetto , Prado Rachel Bardy
Published: May 2021

RESUMO O número de municípios e estados brasileiros que estão aderindo ao pagamento por serviços ambientais (PSA) vem crescendo ao longo dos últimos anos. Por meio de uma pesquisa documental e científica, buscou-se compreender a evolução de quase 20 anos de experiências brasileiras em PSA hídricos. A investigação foi fundamentada em um inventário das iniciativas (já encerradas ou em desenvolvimento), de sua localização, da base legal e dos métodos de valoração. Considerando o universo amostral de 68 iniciativas brasileiras de PSA hídricos, observaram-se: maior concentração dos programas no sul e sudeste, com tendência à expansão para as demais regiões brasileiras, especialmente a Centro-Oeste; e as primeiras iniciativas de PSA hídricos do Brasil adotavam o pagamento por valor fixo, sem a consideração da qualidade biótica das propriedades rurais, padrão que foi gradualmente substituído pelo cálculo do custo de oportunidade da terra e pela inclusão de indicadores físico-ambientais e socioeconômicos nas metodologias de valoração. O estudo permite concluir que, na última década, existe a tendência de os programas de PSA hídricos adotarem metodologias com abordagem interdisciplinar e sistêmica para valoração da provisão de serviços ambientais.
A importância da segregação do agregado reciclado na resistência e na durabilidade do concreto estrutural
Authors: Salles Pedro Valle , Gomes Camila Lacerda , Poggiali Flávia Spitale Jacques , Rodrigues Conrado de Souza
Published: May 2021

Resumo A heterogeneidade dos resíduos de construção e demolição dificulta seu uso sistemático, consequentemente, têm-se problemas com a disposição final e a contínua extração e uso de recursos não renováveis para fabricação de concretos. Essa heterogeneidade decorre, majoritariamente, da não segregação dos diversos constituintes dos resíduos durante seu processamento. O presente artigo analisa a necessidade da segregação dos resíduos de construção e demolição em diferentes tipos - cerâmicas de argila e cimentícios - e as consequências da utilização desses materiais como substituintes dos agregados naturais graúdos em concretos estruturais. Para tanto, foram fabricados concretos com 0, 25, 50 e 100% de agregados reciclados, sendo três tipos de resíduos utilizados: cimentícios, cerâmicos e uma mistura dos dois, nas proporções obtidas na usina de reciclagem. As conclusões apontam não ser necessária a segregação do resíduo utilizado, uma vez que os resultados apresentam desempenho similar dos concretos com agregados cimentícios e com agregados mistos. As performances reológica e mecânica são parâmetros afetados negativamente pela adição de resíduos. Já o desempenho com relação à durabilidade pode ser melhorado com o uso de agregados reciclados.
Avaliação do desempenho de compósito alternativo destinado aos sistemas urbanos e moradias de baixo custo
Authors: Gomes Júnior Paulo Gedeão Barroso , Oliveira Sergio Rafael Cortes de , Dias Filho José Luiz Ernandes
Published: May 2021

Resumo Este artigo traz um estudo sobre um compósito de cimento, resíduo industrial de lodo de papel e flakes de PET, visando sua potencialização para possível destinação em sistemas urbanos e moradias de baixo custo. Justifica-se pelos problemas socioambientais relacionados aos consumos de matérias-primas naturais e pela deposição indevida de produtos e resíduos no ambiente. Para isso, foram testadas as proporções 1:3, 1:4 e 1:5 de cimento e resíduos, com substituições do volume de lodo de papel por PET nas taxas de 10%, 20% e 30%. Foram avaliadas propriedades físico-mecânicas - como resistência à compressão, absorção de água e porosidade aos 28 e 90 dias em amostras não degradadas - e parâmetros de desgaste ao atrito. As propriedades físico-mecânicas foram aferidas também aos 35 e 42 dias em amostras que passaram por ciclos de degradação acelerada. De forma geral, notou-se aumento da resistência mecânica com a cura e diminuição com a inserção de lodo. O material apresentou baixa degradação nos ensaios de desgaste. Quanto à absorção de água e à porosidade, os valores aumentaram conforme o acréscimo de resíduo e com a cura, facilmente contornável com a redução de lodo e adoção de soluções impermeabilizantes.
Resistividade elétrica do concreto pelo ensaio de migração de cloretos: comparação com o método dos quatro eletrodos
Authors: Wosniack Laís Mariana , Real Ligia Vitória , Silva Melissa Dione , Macioski Gustavo , Hoppe Filho Juarez , Medeiros Marcelo Henrique Farias de
Published: May 2021

Resumo Um dos principais parâmetros utilizados no monitoramento da corrosão do aço em estruturas de concreto armado é a resistividade elétrica. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar a resistividade elétrica medida pelo método dos quatro eletrodos com a que pode ser calculada mediante os resultados do ensaio de migração de cloretos, baseada nas leis de Ohm. Dessa forma, é possível validar a obtenção dessa propriedade por meio dos resultados do ensaio de migração de cloretos. Para isso, foram moldados corpos de prova de concreto com a substituição parcial do cimento Portland, no teor de 10% em massa, pelas seguintes adições pozolânicas: sílica ativa, cinza da casca do arroz, metacaulim e cinza volante. Os resultados mostraram que as adições pozolânicas influenciaram os valores de resistividade elétrica obtidos, e amostras contendo adições mais reativas atingiram resistividades elétricas superiores às do traço de referência. A comparação das técnicas indicou que os valores não foram significativamente diferentes entre si. Isso implica que a resistividade elétrica do concreto pode ser obtida de forma confiável quando se realiza o ensaio de migração de íons cloretos.
High ionic conductivity and UV blocking in nanosized Li3 (1−x)Na3x VO4 superionic conductors
Authors: Chopde Rajesh Kumar , Singh Nitu , Mishra K M , Bamne Jyoti , Haque Fozia Z
Published: May 2021

The effect of alkali metal doping on the electrical conductivity of Li3(1−x)Na3x VO4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6) is the axiom of this paper. The samples are synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction technique. The X-ray diffraction results show the polycrystalline behavior of alkali-doped lithium vanadate (Li3VO4). It was also observed that sodium (Na+) ions have not shown their presence in the diffraction pattern, which indicates that alkali metal ions were well substituted in the interstitials and did not disturb the crystal planes of the lithium vanadate matrix. The X-ray diffraction studies also suggest an increment in the crystallite size of the prepared samples. The optical study shows excellent absorbance in UV range (200–300 nm) and also that with an increase in the alkali-doping concentration, shifts absorbance peaks slightly toward higher wavelengths, suggesting enhancement in the particle size. In these alkali-doped samples, it was observed that ionic conductivity decreases, and conversely, the dielectric constant and loss tangent increase subsequently with an increase in the sodium doping concentration due to the ionic radius of the dopant metal. High ionic conductivity within the range 1.1374 × 102–7.9326 × 100 Ω−1 m−1 (99.98% of total conductivity) is obtained in superionic phase of the material. These materials can be utilized in field of capacitors, transparent battery and electrode for batteries.
Stuck With the Car and All its Harms? A Public Health Approach to the Political Economy of the Status Quo
Authors: Macmillan Alex , Cresswell Riol Katharine , Wild Kirsty
Published: May 2021

Despite the importance of a transition from car use to more active and public transport and an adequate knowledge base for taking action, the pace and scale of change globally has been inadequate to protect health, particularly from the effects of climate change. While the active transport research agenda has rightly broadened beyond behaviour change to include wider physical environments (infrastructure), in most jurisdictions this has not translated into major shifts in investment. We argue that the politics and macroeconomics of the status quo of automobility act as major barriers to mode shift and remain under-researched. Building on previous political economy and public health research and using Aotearoa New Zealand as a case study we tease out the mechanisms by which the politics and economics of the status quo affect what is experienced on the ground. From there, we suggest a research agenda that could be used to increase our understanding globally of the barriers to active travel transitions. We propose that the time is ripe for this action-focused research, but also for immediate action building on lessons learnt from public health’s history with addressing barriers to healthy public policy, such as reducing tobacco harm.
Spatial Variation in the 2020 Housing Market Decline and Recovery
Authors: Roth Tran Brigitte , Ausubel Nathan
Published: May 2021

After plunging in the spring due to the COVID-19 pandemic, residential investment had a strong recovery in the second half of 2020. The initial decline resulted from both a disruption in activity due to social distancing, a broad-based drop in demand from economic uncertainty, and reduced access to credit (DeSanctis 2020).
A grounded theory approach on the experience of employment insecurity of travel industry workers in the COVID-19
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee Jin-Hee , Kim Nam-Jo
Published: May 2021

Based on the grounded theory, this study examined the experience of employment insecurity of travel industry workers during the COVID-19. In-depth interviews were conducted with travel industry workers who experienced employment insecurity after COVID-19. We conducted the theoretical sampling until the data achieved the satuaration. The data were continuously reviewed by experts during the analysis processes and NVivo 12 was used to manage and analyze the data. In the open coding process, we found total of 118 concepts, 30 sub-categories, and 12 categories related to employment insecurity of travel industry during the COVID-19. The findings suggest that casual condition was turned out to be ‘tourism crisis caused by COVID-19', contextual conditions were ’industrial structure vulnerable to external factors’, ‘insufficient employment policy’ and ‘digitalization of the tourism industry’ The phenomenon was 'experience of employment insecurity of travel industry workers' and the intervening condition were 'psychological change', 'low work capacity of human resources' and 'limited turnover opportunities'. The action and interaction were 'search and utilize of employment policy', 'k-quarantine and a system-based HRM' and 'establishment of tourism employment safety net'. The consequence was 'improvement of the tourism employment structure in the New Normal Era'. In the selective coding stage, the core category was found to be 'improvement of the tourism employment structure in the New Normal Era according to tourism employment insecurity'.
Индикаторы науки: 2016
Authors: Городникова Наталья , Гохберг Леонид , Дитковский Кирилл , Коцемир Максим , Кузнецова Ирина , Лукинова Евгения , Мартынова Светлана , Полякова Валентина , Ратай Татьяна , Росовецкая Лариса , Сагиева Галина , Сергеева Владлена , Фридлянова Светлана , Фурсов Константин , Чернович Елена , Нефедова Татьяна
Published: May 2021

Предлагаемый статистический сборник продолжает серию публикаций, посвященных различным аспектам развития науки в Российской Федерации. Открывают сборник таблицы, в которых наряду с основными показателями науки и технологий представлены сведения об основных показателях инновационнойдеятельности. Приводятся статистические данные о составе организаций, выполняющих исследования и разработки, кадрах и финансировании науки, ее материально-технической базе. В отдельных разделах содержатся сведения об интеллектуальной собственности, коммерциализации и использовании технологий, данные международных сопоставлений. В сборнике использованы сведения Федеральной службы государственной статистики, Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации, Федеральной службы по интеллектуальной собственности, Межгосударственного статистического комитета СНГ, Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития,Европейской комиссии, Евростата, ЮНЕСКО, Всемирной организации интеллектуальной собственности, а также методологические и аналитические разработки Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики». В ряде случаев данные по отдельным показателям уточняют ранее опубликованные.
TWO VIDEOSTROBOKYMOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE
PACKAGES FOR EVALUATING OPEN QUOTIENT
OF THE VOCAL FOLDS: USER REPORT
Authors: Krasnodebska Paulina , Szkielkowska Agata
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Laryngovideostroboscopy (LVS) is the gold standard in diagnosis of the larynx, but the interpretation of the tool is highly dependent on the examiner’s competence and knowledge. An objective measure of LVS, so far used only subjectively, provides a tool for precise diagnosis of laryngeal diseases.

Aim

The aim of the study was to test two different types of videostrobokymographic (VSK) software – Divas and DiagnoScope. We also compared measures of Open Quotient obtained using the two programs.

Material and Methods

23 LVS recordings from a group of euphonic people were analyzed with Divas software (Xion Medical) and DiagnoScope Specialist software (DiagNova Technologies).

Results

The mean age in the study group was 41.1 years (women: 39.6; men: 42.4). The mean OQVSK value averaged from all three parts of
the glottis measured by Divas was 0.519 and by DiagnoScope, 0.517. A Student t-test showed no significant differences between the parameters. For all measurements, absolute differences were less than 0.18. In 50% of patients, the differences in measurements did not exceed 0.05
and in 87%, 0.1. The largest differences were observed in the anterior part of the vocal folds.

Conclusions

The average values of OQVSK measurements are comparable despite the use of different measurement software. Software available on the market with a VSK module requires fine-tuning to limit the recording analysis time as much as possible.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
TO SPEECH STIMULI IN CHILDREN
WITH OTITIS MEDIA
Authors: Sanfins Milaine , Borges Leticia , Donadon Caroline , Hatzopoulos Stavros , Skarzynski Piotr , Colella-Santos Maria
Published: May 2021

Background

Otitis media in childhood may result in changes in auditory information processing and speech perception. Once a failure in
decoding information has been detected, an evaluation can be performed by auditory evoked potential as FFR.

Material and Methods

60 children and adolescents aged 8 to 14 years were included in the study. The subjects were assigned into two groups:
a control group (CG) consisted of 30 typically developing children with normal hearing; and an experimental group (EG) of 30 children, also
with normal hearing at the time of assessment, but who had a history of secretory otitis media in their first 6 years of life and who had undergone myringotomy with placement of bilateral ventilation tubes. Each group was sub-divided into two age subgroups: 8–10 and 11–14 years. All
children completed audiological evaluation (audiometry, speech audiometry, and immitance audiometry) and electrophysiological assessment.

Results

The subjects who participated in the study presented behavioral thresholds and click-ABR within normal limits (p > 0.05). No differences were observed in the FFR responses from different age groups (8–10 years and 11–14 years). Significant differences in FFR were observed in the latency values (p < 0.05) when compared to control group, although amplitude values did not show significant differences between groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Children suffering from secretory otitis media in their first 6 years of life and who have undergone myringotomy for bilateral
ventilation tube placement exhibit changes in their electrophysiological responses to speech.
Keywords Frequency-following response; otitis media, speech perception, electrophysiology
SURGERY FOR JUVENILE OTOSCLEROSIS:
A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Skarzynski Henryk , Dziendziel Beata , Rajchel Joanna , Skarzynski Piotr
Published: May 2021

Otosclerosis is a disease characterized by abnormal bony growth and remodeling around the otic capsule. Although adults make up the majority of patients, otosclerosis is also encountered in children. However, the literature on juvenile otosclerosis is still limited. The main therapeutic options for children with otosclerosis are hearing aids or stapes surgery. Despite many years of treating pediatric patients with stapes surgery,
the issue of whether to perform the operation is still a subject of debate. To identify suitable literature on juvenile otosclerosis, a search was performed using the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline, and based on the search criteria 19 articles were found suitable for
the review. The current evidence indicates that stapes surgery for juvenile otosclerosis is a safe and effective procedure which leads to closure of
the air-bone gap over both short and long terms. Complications of stapes surgery are extremely rare and in the majority of cases comprise transient vertigo. Age itself should not be a contraindication to stapes surgery for juvenile otosclerosis.
INVESTIGATING THE SATISFACTION
OF CLINICIANS AND CLIENTS
IN A TELEAUDIOLOGY TRIAL
Authors: Thrum Michael , Driscoll Carlie , Keogh Tegan
Published: May 2021

Background

Thus far, the uptake of telehealth in Australia has been puzzlingly small in scale and sporadic in nature. This is particularly
true of audiology. The current study aimed to investigate the satisfaction of clinicians and clients with audiology appointments in a trial of
the telehealth mode.

Material and Methods

A mixed-methods study design was utilised involving surveys with all appointment participants and semi-structured
post-appointment interviews with clients. Appointments were conducted with 11 individual clients; of these, 7 interviews were conducted.
One audiologist and one allied health assistant were used for all appointments.

Results

High satisfaction ratings overall were given by both clients (87.3% excellent) and the allied health assistant (74.4% excellent), whereas the audiologist consistently provided slightly lower levels of satisfaction (72.7% good). It was also found that the audiologist believed that
teleaudiology increased the quality of care offered.

Conclusions

By examining the perspectives of all key stakeholders, this study identifies a number of novel positive and negative aspects of a
teleaudiology practice and offers suggestions for future implementation of such a program.
A NATURAL THEORY OF MUSIC
BASED ON MICROMECHANICAL RESONANCES
BETWEEN COCHLEAR SENSING CELLS
Authors: Bell Andrew
Published: May 2021

The origins of music remain obscure. Here it is pointed out that the outer hair cells in the cochlea lie approximately in a regular, hexagonal array, so it appears significant that important musical ratios – in particular the semitone, octave, perfect fifth, and major third – appear in the relative distances between adjacent cells. The speculation made here is that if the intercell distances are inherently tuned in this way, then incoming sound could initiate reverberating activity between the cells, and a musical ratio could be signaled by simultaneous standing waves in one
cell–cell distance and in another which adjoins it. Essentially, the spacings between the cells might correspond to the lengths of miniature,
musically tuned cavities.
This speculative model of cell–cell interaction can explain recent observations that the human cochlea spontaneously emits low-level sound at intervals close to a semitone, and that the hearing thresholds of some subjects exhibit a whole “keyboard” of semitone-like intervals. These recent findings are striking, and appear more than coincidence. They prompt the key question, why? A possible answer may lie, it is suggested,
with the distinct 2-dimensional geometry of the outer hair cells in the plane of the basilar membrane, which commonly exhibits a 19° alignment. This angle corresponds to a relative distance of 1.06, which is close to a semitone. It is pointed out that the same geometry which generates a natural semitone also produces other musically significant ratios. Perhaps, then, music might be an innate property of the human auditory system – and hence that there might be a natural basis for preferred musical intervals.
Natural theories have often been criticised, with some saying that music is a learned faculty and depends only on culture. However, evidence
has accumulated that there do seem to be musical universals, and therefore that music might indeed have a natural basis, most commonly
thought to be via some neural processing in the brain. The explanatory model put forward here as the basis for further exploration suggests
that musical analysis might actually begin in the periphery – in the cochlea itself.
WHAT BÁRÁNY’S CALORIC TEST MIGHT
HAVE OVERLOOKED: THE PRIMARY FACTOR
MAY BE THE MIDDLE EAR MUSCLES
Authors: Bell Andrew
Published: May 2021

The caloric test of vestibular function, originating from Bárány in the early 1900s, has conventionally been understood as a test of the effect of temperature on the horizontal semicircular canals of the inner ear. Warm water introduced into the external auditory meatus will, if the
vestibular system is intact, cause back-and-forth beating of the eyes (nystagmus) in one direction; cold water will cause beating in the reverse
direction. The text-book explanation is that the eye movements are caused by a thermal gradient across the horizontal canal, which in turn
causes convection in the fluid within. The convective motion stimulates the vestibular hair cells, causing nystagmus, dizziness, nausea, and often vomiting. But here an alternative mechanism is proposed: warm or cold water causes the tensor tympani muscle in the middle ear to increase in tension (warm water) or decrease in tension (cold water), and in this way changes the force exerted by the ossicles on the inner ear
fluids behind the oval window. Altered force on the stapes therefore means a change of hydraulic pressure inside the sealed labyrinth, and
this pressure could directly stimulate hair cells within the inner ear – including the semicircular canals – and so generate nystagmus. If correct, this means the caloric test is really a test of the temperature sensitivity of the middle ear muscles, although the vestibular system still
needs to be intact in order to register a positive response. The new hypothesis explains a range of anomalies surrounding the caloric test, and
these are systematically reviewed.
DEVELOPMENT AND STANDARDISATION
OF HIGH FREQUENCY WORD IDENTIFICATION
TEST FOR ADULTS IN GUJARATI LANGUAGE
Authors: Mehta Gunjan , Neupane Anuj
Published: May 2021

Background

Evaluation of an individual’s hearing involves administering a test battery, and these assessments collectively complement each
other in defining the degree, type, and configuration of hearing loss. Among the acoustic stimuli used in such tests, speech signals are the most
complex and possess significant redundancy. Therefore the use of conventional word lists during routine audiological evaluation may, through
redundant information, lead to overestimation of the performance of individuals with high-frequency sloping hearing loss. The Gujarati language, with 56 million native speakers in India, currently has only a conventional speech identification test. The present study aimed at developing and standardizing high-frequency word lists in Gujarati.

Material and Methods

The study was conducted in three phases. Phase I: development of high-frequency word lists in Gujarati. Phase II: establishment of norms for the developed word lists on 180 normal hearing individuals belonging to different geographic regions of Gujarat. Phase III:
Checking the applicability on 25 individuals with high-frequency sloping hearing loss and 25 individuals with flat frequency hearing loss.

Results

A Shapiro–Wilks test revealed a normal distribution. One-way ANOVA revealed no significant difference between the scores obtained from the two high-frequency word lists. There was a significant difference in mean speech identification scores (SIS) for individuals
with high-frequency sloping hearing loss in which use of conventional word lists gave a mean score of 77% while use of the high-frequency
word lists gave a mean score of 53%.

Conclusions

Two high-frequency word lists each of 25 words were developed. The word lists were found to be reliable, equally difficult,
interchangeable, and effective in detecting communication difficulties due to high-frequency sloping hearing loss.
PARENTING A DEAF CHILD – HOW HEARING PARENTS COPE WITH THE STRESS OF HAVING DEAF CHILDREN
Authors: Kobosko Joanna
Published: May 2021

Background

Parents of deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) children experience greater parenting stress than parents of typically developing children. Studies of the stress experienced by these parents, and their methods of coping with it, give different results depending on the medical intervention used – cochlear implant or hearing aid – and in Poland such studies have not yet been done. This study addresses the ways by which parents handle the stress of adapting to their child’s deafness. It asks whether their styles of coping with stressful situations – task oriented, emotion oriented or avoidance – change after diagnosis is made. Another issue was whether medical intervention, e.g. cochlear implantation in prelingually deaf children, relates to a certain style of coping with stress, and whether the parents’ satisfaction with the decision to implant related to their behavior in stressful situations.

Material and Methods

The research is based on a questionnaire containing demographic information about the parents (age, sex, education), their satisfaction with the decision on cochlear implantation, and information about the child. A Polish version of Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) was used.

Results

The results show that mothers and fathers of D/HH children differ in the intensity of their emotion-oriented and avoidance styles and that in stressful situations mothers use these styles significantly more often than fathers. Parents of D/HH children using cochlear implants do not differ from those using hearing aids in terms of stress coping styles.

Conclusions

These insights offer practical suggestions of ways to psychologically help parents of deaf children, enabling them to cope better with their parenting a deaf child.
FITTING OF AUDIO PROCESSORS IN PARTIAL DEAFNESS
TREATMENT
Authors: Polak Marek , Lorens Artur
Published: May 2021

Recently, cochlear implant (CI) eligibility criteria have broadened to include individuals with partial deafness, a condition in
which, prior to implantation, a significant amount of low-frequency hearing remains. Cochlear implantation aimed for hearing preservation in partial deafness has been recognized as a new method of partial deafness treatment. However, it is not
only hearing preservation that has a great influence on the performance of such users; it is also the fitting of the audio processor consisting of acoustic and electric part. In this paper the authors review results of recent studies that underline the importance of correct fitting of the audio processor in order to achieve good benefits in Electric-Acoustic Stimulation (EAS).
PARTIAL DEAFNESS TREATMENT IN CHILDREN:
A PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE PARENTS’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Obrycka Anita , Padilla Jose , Putkiewicz-Aleksandrowicz Joanna , Lorens Artur , Skarzynski Henryk
Published: May 2021

Background

Cochlear implant (CI) eligibility criteria have broadened recently to include individuals with partial deafness
(PD). In 2002, the Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Poland, pioneered a particular technique of cochlear
implantation termed partial deafness treatment (PDT) and achieved unrivalled rates of functional hearing preservation. Encouraged by the results in adults, a pediatric PDT program was initiated in 2004. The outcome of PDT for both adults and
children has been well documented and assessed with objective measures of sound detection and speech discrimination. The
current study explores outcomes in real life rather than in a clinical setting. We hypothesized that if PDT provides children
with renewed listening ability it is likely to have a major impact on family life and that this impact should be able to be documented by parental reports.

Material and Method

Seven parents of PDT cochlear-implanted children were surveyed using 20 open-ended prompts. The
questionnaires were sent to patients’ homes. The parents were asked to answer the prompts in their own words.

Results

All parents reported that after their child received cochlear implant there was a significant improvement in speech understanding and better perception of high pitched sounds. More than half the parents also noticed positive changes in speech
production. The changes in communication abilities after CI positively influenced the child’s relationships with family members and school mates.

Conclusions

The results of this study support expanding the criteria for receiving a cochlear implant to include children with
partial deafness.
OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS FOR EVALUATING THE
LOW-FREQUENCY HEARING OF PATIENTS CONSIDERED
FOR PARTIAL DEAFNESS TREATMENT
Authors: Jedrzejczak W. , Kochanek Krzysztof , Sliwa Lech , Trzaskowski Bartosz , Pilka Edyta , Skarzynski Piotr , Skarzynski Henryk
Published: May 2021

Background

In the present study otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) were used to evaluate the hearing of partial deafness subjects
who had normal hearing up to 0.5 kHz and severe hearing loss above that frequency. The purpose of the study was to detect
OAEs at 0.5 kHz and determine whether broad-band or band-limited values of OAE parameters were better for distinguishing ears with OAEs from those without.

Material and Methods

The study group consisted of 15 subjects with high-frequency hearing loss above 0.5 kHz. For reference, a group of 15 subjects with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss over the whole of the 0.125–8 kHz range was
used. In both groups, click-evoked OAEs (CEOAEs) and tone burst-evoked OAEs (TBOAEs) of 1 or 0.5 kHz were evaluated
using a reproducibility parameter, taking into consideration broad-band, octave, and half-octave band values.

Results

In the study group the best results were obtained by using 0.5 kHz TBOAEs. Clicks and 1 kHz tone bursts generally did not produce a response at 0.5 kHz. TBOAEs at 0.5 kHz enabled the separation of partially deaf ears from ears with severe hearing impairment. Half-octave band filtering yielded the best results; however, it was only slightly better than broadband and octave band filtering

Conclusions

The results of the study indicate that the 0.5 kHz TBOAE is a better stimulus than CEOAE and 1 kHz TBOAE
when cochlear function at low frequency needs to be tested. The half-octave band seems the best choice in order to get frequency-specific information. However the results should be treated with caution since the studied groups were relatively small.