bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some sufficient conditions for the existence of positive solutions to the equation $−∆u + a(x)u = u^{2*−1}$ in bounded domains
Authors: Passaseo Donato
Published: February 2017

This paper is concerned with the problem

\tag{$\ast$}
\begin{cases}
−\mathrm{\Delta }u + a(x)u = u^{\frac{n + 2}{n−2}} & \mathrm{in }\:Ω \\
u > 0\:\:\mathrm{in}\:\:Ω;\:\:\:u = 0 & \mathrm{on }\:∂Ω
\end{cases}

where

Ω

is a bounded domain in

ℝ^n

with

n ≥ 3

and

a(x)

is a nonnegative function in

Ω

. We give some conditions on the function

a(x)

, sufficient to guarantee the existence and multiplicity of solutions for the considered problem without any assumption on the shape of

Ω

.

On considère le problème (

\ast

) où

Ω

est un ouvert borné de

ℝ^n

avec

n ≥ 3

et

a(x)

une fonction non-négative dans

Ω

.

On établit des conditions sur la fonction

a(x)

suffisantes pour assurer l’existence et la multiplicité de solutions du problème considéré sans aucune condition sur la forme de

Ω

.
Partial regularity for minimizers of variational integrals with discontinuous integrands
Authors: Hamburger Christoph
Published: February 2017

We prove partial regularity for vector-valued minimizers

u

of the variational integral

\int \:[f\:(x,\:u,\:Du)\: + \:g\:(x,\:u)]\:dx

, where

f

is strictly quasiconvex, of polynomial growth and continuous, but where

g

is only a bounded Carathéodory function. We present an
elementary
proof for the special case of strict convexity and quadratic growth of

f (x, u, ·)

.

Nous donnons la preuve d’une régularité partielle pour des minimiseurs à valeurs vectorielles de l’intégrale variationnelle

\int \:[f\:(x,\:u,\:Du)\: + \:g\:(x,\:u)]\:dx

, où

f

est strictement quasiconvexe, à croissance polynomiale et continue, mais où

g

est seulement une fonction bornée de type Carathéodory. Nous présentons une preuve « élémentaire » pour un cas spécial de convexité stricte et de croissance quadratique de

f (x, u, ·)

.
Viscosity solutions of nonlinear integro-differential equations
Authors: Alvarez Olivier , Tourin Agnès
Published: February 2017

We investigate the questions of the existence and uniqueness of viscosity solutions to the Cauchy problem for integro-differential PDEs with nonlinear integral term. The existence of a solution is established by considering semicontinuous subsolutions and supersolutions and applying Perron’s method. Uniqueness is proved for both bounded and unbounded solutions. These results are then applied to a problem arising in Finance, namely the stochastic differential utility model under mixed Poisson–Brownian information.

Nous étudions l’existence et l’unicité de solutions de viscosité du problème de Cauchy pour des équations aux dérivées partielles integro-différentielles dont Ie terme intégral est non linéaire. L’existence est obtenue par Ia méthode de Perron et des principes de comparaison sont prouvés pour des fonctions bornées ou non bornées. Enfin, nous appliquons ces résultats au modèle économique d’utilité différentielle stochastique adaptée à Ia filtration engendrée par un mouvement Brownien et un processus de Poisson.
Global strong solutions in Sobolev or Lebesgue spaces to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in ℝ3
Authors: Planchon F.
Published: February 2017

We construct global strong solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations with sufficiently oscillating initial data. We will show that the condition is for the norm in some Besov space to be small enough.

Nous construisons des solutions fortes globales des équations de Navier–Stokes, pour des données initiales suffisamment oscillantes. Cette condition se traduit en terme de norme petite dans un certain espace de Besov.
On the regularity of edges in image segmentation
Authors: Bonnet A.
Published: February 2017

We present a series of results on the regularity of edges in the Mumford–Shah minimization process. We prove that an isolated connected component of the edge set is a finite union of

C^{1,1}

arcs. A fundamental step of the proof is the characterization of the four possible global-minimizers having a connected edge.

Nous présentons une série de résultats sur la régularité des contours des minima de la fonctionnelle de Mumford–Shah. Sous certaines hypothèses de connexité on montre que le contours est une union finie d’arcs

C^{1,1}

. Une étape fondamentale de la démonstration est la caractérisation des quatre possibles minima globaux ayant un contour connexe.
The local ill-posedness of the modified KdV equation
Authors: Birnir Björn , Ponce Gustavo , Svanstedt Nils
Published: February 2017

We find a new method for proving the local ill-posedness of the Cauchy problem for non-linear partial differential equations. The method is used to prove that the Cauchy problem for the Modified KdV equation is ill-posed in Sobolev spaces

H^s(R)

,

s < −1/2

.

Nous présentons une nouvelle méthode pour démontrer que le problème de Cauchy est localement mal posé dans des équations aux dérivées partielles non linéaires. Nous appliquons cette méthode pour démontrer que le problème de Cauchy pour l’équation de KdV modifiée est mal posé dans l’espace de Sobolev

H^s(R)

,

s < −1/2

.
Asymptotics for L2 minimal blow-up solutions of critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Merle Frank
Published: February 2017

In this note, we describe the behavior of a sequence

v_{n}:ℝ^{N}\rightarrow ℂ

minimal in

L^2

such that

\frac{1}{2}\int \left|\mathrm{∇}v_{n}\right|^{2}−\frac{1}{\frac{4}{N} + 2}\:\int \left|v_{n}\right|^{\frac{4}{N} + 2}\: \leq \:\:E_{0}

and

\left|v_{n}\right|_{H^{1}}\rightarrow + ∞

.

Dans cette note, on explicite de façon optimale le comportement d'une suite

v_{n}:ℝ^{N}\rightarrow ℂ

de norme

L^2

minimale telle que

\frac{1}{2}\int \left|\mathrm{∇}v_{n}\right|^{2}−\frac{1}{\frac{4}{N} + 2}\int \left|v_{n}\right|^{\frac{4}{N} + 2} \leq E_{0}

et

\left|v_{n}\right|_{H^{1}}\rightarrow + ∞

.
Remarks on $W^{1,p}$-stability of the conformal set in higher dimensions
Authors: Yan Baisheng
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we study the stability of maps in

W^{1,p}

that are close to the conformal set

K_1 = \mathbf{R}^+ · \mathit{SO}(n)

in an averaged sense as described in Definition 1.1. We prove that

K_1

is

W^{1,p}

-compact for all

p ≥ n

but is not

W^{1,p}

-stable for any

1 ≤ p < n/2

when

n ≥ 3

. We also prove a coercivity estimate for the integral functional

\int _{\mathbf{R}^{n}}d_{K_{1}}^{p}(\nabla \mathrm{\phi }(x))\:dx

on

W^{1,p}(\mathbf{R}^n; \mathbf{R}^n)

for certain values of

p

lower than

n

using some new estimates for weak solutions of

p

-harmonic equations.

Dans cet article, nous étudions la stabilité des applications dans

W^{1,p}

qui sont proches de l’ensemble conforme

K_1 = \mathbf{R}^+ · \mathit{SO}(n)

dans un sens moyenné décrit dans la Définition 1.1. Nous prouvons que

K_1

est

W^{1,p}

-compact pour

p ≥ n

mais n’est pas

W^{1,p}

-stable pour tout

1 ≤ p < n/2

si

n ≥ 3

. Nous prouvons aussi une estimée de coercivité pour la fonctionnelle

\int _{\mathbf{R}^{n}}d_{K_{1}}^{p}(\nabla \mathrm{\phi }(x))\:dx

on

W^{1,p}(\mathbf{R}^n; \mathbf{R}^n)

pour certaines valeurs de

p

inférieures à

n

en utilisant des estimées nouvelles pour des solutions faibles d’équations

p

-harmoniques.
Stable intersections of Cantor sets and homoclinic bifurcations
Authors: de A. Moreira Carlos Gustavo T.
Published: February 2017

We study intersections of dynamically defined Cantor sets and consequences to dynamical systems. The concept of stable intersection of two dynamically defined Cantor sets is introduced. We prove that if the stable and unstable Cantor sets associated to a homoclinic bifurcation have a stable intersection, then there are open sets in the parameter line with positive density at the initial bifurcating value, for which the corresponding diffeomorphisms are not hyperbolic. We present conditions more general than the ones previously known that assure stable intersections. We also present conditions for hyperbolicity to be of positive density at homoclinic bifurcations. This allow us to provide persistent one-parameter families of homoclinic bifurcations that present both hyperbolicity and homoclinic tangencies with positive density at the initial bifurcating value in the parameter line.

Nous étudions des intersections d’ensembles de Cantor et ses conséquences sur les systèmes dynamiques. Le concept d’intersection stable de deux ensembles de Cantor dynamiquement définis est ici introduit. Nous prouvons que si les ensembles de Cantor stable et instable associés à une bifurcation homoclinique ont une intersection stable, alors il y a des ensembles ouverts dans la ligne de paramètres avec densité positive dans la valeur initiale de bifurcation pour lesquels les difféomorphismes ne sont pas hyperboliques.

Nous présentons des conditions qui assurent des intersections stables, plus générales que les conditions préalablement connues. Nous présentons aussi des conditions pour que l’hyperbolicité ait densité positive aux bifurcations homocliniques. Cela nous permet de présenter des exemples persistents de familles de bifurcations homocliniques à un paramètre qui présentent en même temps de l’hyperbolicité et des tangences homocliniques avec densité positive dans la valeur initiale de bifurcation dans la ligne de paramètre.
Psychological Correlates of Civilian Preparedness for Conflicts
Authors: Bodas Moran , Siman-Tov Maya , Kreitler Shulamith , Peleg Kobi
Published: February 2017

Objectives

Preparedness for emergencies and disasters is imperative for public resilience. Previous studies have revealed low levels of civilian preparedness for conflicts. Classic behavioral models prove inapt in describing preparedness patterns in victimized populations chronically exposed to this threat. In an effort to expand this perspective, we hypothesized that other psychological constructs are correlated with preparedness.

Methods

A cross-sectional, Internet-based study was performed in Israel in early 2016. A sociodemographically diverse sample included 385 participants, Jews and Arabs. The tools included a preparedness index, sense of preparedness questionnaire, Trait Anxiety Inventory, Life Orientation Test, Behavioral Inhibition & Activation System scales, and ego defenses.

Results

The results suggested that optimistic and rational individuals reported significantly higher levels of preparedness, whereas those who scored highly on the trait anxiety scale and those with a tendency to use denial coping mechanisms reported significantly lower levels of preparedness.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that additional constructs, other than classic threat perception components, might play a key role in governing preparedness behavior. In particular, psychological manipulation of dispositional optimism or optimistic thinking might be effective in motivating preparedness behavior. Future research should explore such innovative ways to promoting preparedness. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:451–459)
Assessing niche conservatism using a multiproxy approach: dietary ecology of extinct and extant spotted hyenas
Authors: DeSantis Larisa R. G. , Tseng Zhijie Jack , Liu Jinyi , Hurst Aaron , Schubert Blaine W. , Jiangzuo Qigao
Published: February 2017

A central premise of bioclimatic envelope modeling is the assumption of niche conservatism. Whereas such assumptions are testable in modern populations, it is unclear whether niche conservatism holds over deeper time spans and over very large geographic ranges. Hyaenids occupied a diversity of ecological niches over time and space, and until the end-Pleistocene they occurred in Europe and most of Asia, with Asian populations ofCrocutasuggested as being genetically distinct from their closest living relatives. Further, little is known regarding whether and how the dietary ecology of extinct populations ofCrocutadiffered from those of their extant African counterparts. Here, we use a multiproxy approach to assess an assumption of conserved dietary ecology in late Pleistocene extant spotted hyenas via finite element analysis, dental microwear texture analysis, and a novel dental macrowear method (i.e., whether teeth are minimally, moderately, or extremely worn, as defined by degree of dentin exposure) proposed here. Results from finite element simulations of the masticatory apparatus of Chinese and AfricanCrocutademonstrate lower skull stiffness and higher stress in the orbital region of the former when biting with carnassial teeth, suggesting that ChineseCrocutacould not process prey with the same degree of efficiency as extantCrocuta crocuta. Dental microwear texture data further support this interpretation, as ChineseCrocutahave intermediate and indistinguishable complexity values (indicative of hard-object feeding) between the extant African lion (Panthera leo) and extant hyenas (C. crocuta,Hyaena hyaena, andParahyaena brunnea), being most similar to the omnivorousP. brunnea. The use of dental macrowear to infer dietary behavior may also be possible in extinct taxa, as evinced by dietary correlations between extant African feliforms and dental macrowear assignments. Collectively, this multiproxy analysis suggests that ChineseCrocutamay have exhibited dietary behavior distinct from that of livingC. crocuta, and assumptions of niche conservatism may mask significant dietary variation in species broadly distributed in time and space.
Approach for Detecting Soft Faults in GPS/INS Integrated Navigation based on LS-SVM and AIME
Authors: Zhong Lina , Liu Jianye , Li Rongbing , Wang Rong
Published: February 2017

In life-critical applications, the real-time detection of faults is very important in Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System (GPS/INS) integrated navigation systems. A new fault detection method for soft fault detection is developed in this paper with the purpose of improving real-time performance. In general, the innovation information obtained from a Kalman filter is used for test statistic calculations in Autonomous Integrity Monitored Extrapolation (AIME). However, the innovation of the Kalman filter is degraded by error tracking and closed-loop correction effects, leading to time delays in soft fault detection. Therefore, the key issue of improving real-time performance is providing accurate innovation to AIME. In this paper, the proposed algorithm incorporates Least Squares-Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) regression theory into AIME. Because the LS-SVM has a good regression and prediction performance, the proposed method provides replaced innovation obtained from the LS-SVM driven by real-time observation data. Based on the replaced innovation, the test statistics can follow fault amplitudes more accurately; finally, the real-time performance of soft fault detection can be improved. Theoretical analysis and physical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the detection instantaneity.
Joint Position Localisation of Spacecraft and Debris for Autonomous Navigation Applications using Angle Measurements only
Authors: Vepa Ranjan
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we consider the joint estimation of the position of a spacecraft and debris in Earth orbit to achieve spacecraft localisation based on angular measurements and precise measurements of the debris relative to the spacecraft. The dynamic model of the spacecraft caters for several perturbing effects, such as Earth and Moon gravitational field asymmetry and the Earth's oblateness effect. The Moon's position is assumed to be accurately known for the purposes of simulation from published Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) ephemerides. The measurement process is based on the elevation and azimuth of the Moon and the Sun with respect to the spacecraft reference system. Range measurements are not assumed to be available. Position and velocity of the spacecraft are estimated by using the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). The performance of the filters are evaluated on an example of an Earth-orbiting satellite at an altitude over 1200 km with measurements of the directions of the Moon and the Sun only. It is shown that the estimates of position and velocity components track the corresponding simulated position and velocity components.
Finding time and resources for education in a busy clinical practice
Authors: Driscoll David
Published: February 2017

Charles H. Mayo stated “the great contribution we can make is to prepare the oncoming generations to think they can and will think for themselves”. The Hippocratic Oath also indicates that physicians have an obligation to transmit their knowledge to the next generation. Hence, it is important to find time and resources for education even in busy clinical practices.
Overexpression of SLC34A2 is an independent prognostic indicator in bladder cancer and its depletion suppresses tumor growth via decreasing c-Myc expression and transcriptional activity
Authors: Ye Wen , Chen Cui , Gao Ying , Zheng Zou-Shan , Xu Yi , Yun Miao , Weng Hui-Wen , Xie Dan , Ye Sheng , Zhang Jia-Xing
Published: February 2017

Solute carrier family 34 member 2 (SLC34A2), a pH-sensitive sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, is associated with several human cancers. In this study, we investigate the clinical significance of SLC34A2 and its function in human bladder cancer (BC). The expression dynamics of SLC34A2 were examined in two independent cohorts of BC samples by quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. In the training cohort (156 cases), we applied the X-tile program software to assess the optimal cutoff points for biomarkers in order to accurately classify patients according to clinical outcome. In the validation cohort (130 cases), the cutoff score derived from X-title analysis was investigated to determine the association of SLC34A2 expression with survival outcome. A series of in vitro and in vivo assays were then performed to elucidate the function of SLC34A2 in BC and its underlying mechanisms. Results showed that SLC34A2 was significantly upregulated in BC cell lines and clinical samples. In both two cohorts of BC samples, high expression of SLC34A2 was associated with large tumor size, advanced T status and poor patients’ survival. The depletion of SLC34A2 in BC suppressed cellular viability, colony formation and anchorage-independent growth in vitro, and inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo, whereas overexpression of SLC34A2 had the converse effect. Simultaneously, downregulation of SLC34A2 decreased the transcriptional activity and protein expression level of c-Myc in BC cells, whereas restoration of c-Myc expression could compromise the anti-proliferation effect of SLC34A2 depletion. Furthermore, miR-214 was proved as a negative regulator of SLC34A2. Our present study illustrated that SLC34A2 has an important role in promoting proliferation and tumorigenicity of BC, and may represent a novel therapeutic target for this disease.
Allometric scaling of decompression sickness risk in terrestrial mammals; cardiac output explains risk of decompression sickness
Authors: Fahlman Andreas
Published: February 2017

A probabilistic model was used to predict decompression sickness (DCS) outcome in pig (70 and 20 kg), hamster (100 g), rat (220 g) and mouse (20 g) following air saturation dives. The data set included 179 pig, 200 hamster, 360 rat, and 224 mouse exposures to saturation pressures ranging from 1.9–15.2 ATA and with varying decompression rates (0.9–156 ATA • min−1). Single exponential kinetics described the tissue partial pressures (Ptiss) of N2: Ptiss = ∫(Pamb – Ptiss) • τ−1 dt, where Pamb is ambient N2 pressure and τ is a time constant. The probability of DCS [P(DCS)] was predicted from the risk function: P(DCS) = 1−e−r, where r = ∫(PtissN2 − Thr − Pamb) • Pamb–1 dt, and Thr is a threshold parameter. An equation that scaled τ with body mass included a constant (c) and an allometric scaling parameter (n), and the best model included n, Thr, and two c. The final model provided accurate predictions for 58 out of 61 dive profiles for pig, hamster, rat, and mouse. Thus, body mass helped improve the prediction of DCS risk in four mammalian species over a body mass range covering 3 orders of magnitude.
MISTIC-fusion proteins as antigens for high quality membrane protein antibodies
Authors: Alves Natalia Silva , Astrinidis Susanne Adina , Eisenhardt Nathalie , Sieverding Cornelia , Redolfi Josef , Lorenz Michael , Weberruss Marion , Moreno-Andrés Daniel , Antonin Wolfram
Published: February 2017

Lack of high-quality antibodies against transmembrane proteins is a widely recognized hindrance in biomedical and cell biological research. Here we present a robust pipeline for the generation of polyclonal antibodies employing full-length membrane proteins as immunogens to overcome this “antibody bottleneck”. We express transmembrane proteins fused to a MISTIC fragment that enhances expression of eukaryotic membrane proteins in E. coli. Purified membrane proteins are used as immunogen for rabbit injection employing standard immunizing protocols. The raised antibodies against membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope, which we use as test cases, function in a wide range of applications and are superior to ones produced against soluble domains as immunogens.
Dimension-controlled ion-pairing assemblies based on π-electronic charged species
Authors: Haketa Yohei , Maeda Hiromitsu
Published: February 2017

This feature article summarizes the recent progress in the study of ion-pairing assemblies based on π-electronic ion pairs, including anion complexes of π-electronic molecules.
Knoevenagel condensation reaction catalysed by Al-MOFs with CAU-1 and CAU-10-type structures
Authors: Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Heidenreich Niclas , Lenzen Dirk , Stock Norbert
Published: February 2017

This manuscript reports the Knoevenagel condensation reaction between benzaldehyde and malononitrile using CAU-1-NH2as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst under mild reaction conditions.
Pressure-driven phase transition mechanisms revealed by quantum chemistry: l-serine polymorphs
Authors: Rychkov Denis A. , Stare Jernej , Boldyreva Elena V.
Published: February 2017

The present study delivers a computational approach for the understanding of the mechanism of phase transitions between polymorphs of small organic molecules.
Evidence for photosensitised hydrogen production from water in the absence of precious metals, redox-mediators and co-catalysts
Authors: Salzl S. , Ertl M. , Knör G.
Published: February 2017

New approaches for sunlight-powered proton reduction and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from aqueous salt solutions using earth-abundant components and molecular photosensitisers.
Control strategy of switching regulators for fuel‐cell power applications
Authors: Diaz‐Saldierna Luis H. , Leyva‐Ramos Jesus , Langarica‐Cordoba Diego , Morales‐Saldaña Jorge A.
Published: February 2017

It is often assumed that the input voltage source of a switch‐mode power supply is constant or shows negligible small variations. However, the last assumption is no longer valid when a fuel‐cell stack is used as input source. A fuel‐cell stack is characterised by low and unregulated DC output voltage, in addition, this voltage decreases in a non‐linear fashion when the demanded current increases; henceforth, a suitable controller is required to cope the aforementioned issues. In this study, an average current‐mode controller is designed using a combined model for a fuel‐cell stack and a boost converter; moreover, a selection procedure for the controller gains ensuring system stability and output voltage regulation is developed. The proposed energy system uses a fuel‐cell power module (polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells) and a boost converter delivering a power of 900 W. Experimental results confirm the proposed controller performance for output voltage regulation via closed‐loop gain measurements and step load changes. In addition, a comparison between open‐ and closed‐loop measurements is made, where the controller robustness is tested for large load variations and fuel‐cell stack output voltage changes as well.
High pressure rheology of gas hydrate formed from multiphase systems using modified Couette rheometer
Authors: Pandey Gaurav , Linga Praveen , Sangwai Jitendra S.
Published: February 2017

Conventional rheometers with concentric cylinder geometries do not enhance mixing in situ and thus are not suitable for rheological studies of multiphase systems under high pressure such as gas hydrates. In this study, we demonstrate the use of modified Couette concentric cylinder geometries for high pressure rheological studies during the formation and dissociation of methane hydrate formed from pure water and water-decane systems. Conventional concentric cylinder Couette geometry did not produce any hydrates in situ and thus failed to measure rheological properties during hydrate formation. The modified Couette geometries proposed in this work observed to provide enhanced mixing in situ, thus forming gas hydrate from the gas-water-decane system. This study also nullifies the use of separate external high pressure cell for such measurements. The modified geometry was observed to measure gas hydrate viscosity from an initial condition of 0.001 Pa s to about 25 Pa s. The proposed geometries also possess the capability to measure dynamic viscoelastic properties of hydrate slurries at the end of experiments. The modified geometries could also capture and mimic the viscosity profile during the hydrate dissociation as reported in the literature. The present study acts as a precursor for enhancing our understanding on the rheology of gas hydrate formed from various systems containing promoters and inhibitors in the context of flow assurance.
Glassy dynamics of polymethylphenylsiloxane in one- and two-dimensional nanometric confinement—A comparison
Authors: Kipnusu Wycliffe K. , Elsayed Mohamed , Krause–Rehberg Reinhard , Kremer Friedrich
Published: February 2017

Glassy dynamics of polymethylphenylsiloxane (PMPS) is studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy in one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nanometric confinement; the former is realized in thin polymer layers having thicknesses down to 5 nm, and the latter in unidirectional (thickness 50 μm) nanopores with diameters varying between 4 and 8 nm. Based on the dielectric measurements carried out in a broad spectral range at widely varying temperatures, glassy dynamics is analyzed in detail in 1D and in 2D confinements with the following results: (i) the segmental dynamics (dynamic glass transition) of PMPS in 1D confinement down to thicknesses of 5 nm is identical to the bulk in the mean relaxation rate and the width of the relaxation time distribution function; (ii) additionally a well separated surface induced relaxation is observed, being assigned to adsorption and desorption processes of polymer segments with the solid interface; (iii) in 2D confinement with native inner pore walls, the segmental dynamics shows a confinement effect, i.e., the smaller the pores are, the faster the segmental dynamics; on silanization, this dependence on the pore diameter vanishes, but the mean relaxation rate is still faster than in 1D confinement; (iv) in a 2D confinement, a pronounced surface induced relaxation process is found, the strength of which increases with the decreasing pore diameter; it can be fully removed by silanization of the inner pore walls; (v) the surface induced relaxation depends on its spectral position only negligibly on the pore diameter; (vi) comparing 1D and 2D confinements, the segmental dynamics in the latter is by about two orders of magnitude faster. All these findings can be comprehended by considering the density of the polymer; in 1D it is assumed to be the same as in the bulk, hence the dynamic glass transition is not altered; in 2D it is reduced due to a frustration of packaging resulting in a higher free volume, as proven by ortho-positronium annihilation lifetime spectroscopy.
Ion temperature effects on its chaotic behavior in ion-sheath
Authors: Soleimani-Iraei M. , Esfandyari-Kalejahi A. , Sobhanian S.
Published: February 2017

Nonlinear dynamical behavior of an ion with finite temperature in a driven plasma ion-sheath has been studied by a numerical solution of fluid equations. Using the concepts of the nonlinear dynamical system theory, the conditions under which the dynamical behavior of the ion becomes chaotic have been investigated. The numerical results have revealed that there is an order-chaos-order transition in the isothermal plasma ion-sheath due to the external oscillating electric field. In the case of an adiabatic ion-sheath, even with a strong external electric field, no chaotic motion has appeared.
Morphology effects on the bandgap of silicon nanocrystals—Numerically modelled by a full multi-grid method
Authors: Puthen Veettil Binesh , König Dirk , Huang Shujuan , Patterson Robert , Conibeer Gavin
Published: February 2017

Silicon nanocrystals embedded in a dielectric matrix have been considered a potential candidate for many optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications and have been under vigorous study in recent years. One of the main properties of interest in this application is the absorption bandgap, which is determined by the quantum confinement of silicon nanocrystals. The ability to predict the absorption bandgap is a key step in designing an optimum solar cell using this material. Although several higher level algorithms are available to predict the electronic confinement in these nanocrystals, most of them make regular-shape assumptions for the ease of computation. In this work, we present a model for the accurate prediction of the quantum confinement in silicon nanocrystals of non-regular shape by employing an efficient, self-consistent Full-Multi-Grid method. Confined energies in spherical, elongated, and arbitrarily shaped nanocrystals are calculated. The excited level calculations quantify the wavefunction coupling and energy level splitting arising due to the proximity of dots. The splitting magnitude was found to be as high as 0.1 eV for the 2 nm size silicon quantum dots. The decrease in confinement energy due to the elongation of dots was found to be more than 0.2 eV, and the trend was similar for different dielectric materials. Theoretical predictions were compared to the results from optical and structural characterisation and found to be in agreement. The loss of degeneracy in highly asymmetric quantum dots, such as a “horse-shoe” shaped quantum dot, significantly affects the excited state energies.
Hole mobility in various transition-metal-oxides doped organic semiconductor films
Authors: Yoo Seung-Jun , Lee Jeong-Hwan , Kim Jae-Min , Kim Jang-Joo
Published: February 2017

Hole mobility in various p−doped organic semiconductors possessing different energetic disorder parameters in low-to-moderate doping range is reported. The hole mobility is reduced by orders of magnitude and converged to 10−7–10−6 cm2/Vs at a doping concentration of 5 mol. % for all the materials, even though the pristine organic films possess orders of magnitude of different mobilities from 10−5 to 10−3 cm2/Vs. These results indicate that the ionized dopants behave as traps for generated carriers to reduce the mobility. Further increase in the doping concentration either increases or decreases the mobility depending on the energetic disorder parameters of the organic films. These phenomena are interpreted based on the Coulomb trap depth of the ionized dopants and energetic disorder of the host layers.
Are wait lists inevitable in subacute ambulatory and community health services? A qualitative analysis
Authors: Harding Katherine E. , Robertson Nicole , Snowdon David A. , Watts Jennifer J. , Karimi Leila , O'Reilly Mary , Kotis Michelle , Taylor Nicholas F.
Published: January 2017

Objectives Wait lists are common in ambulatory and community-based services. The aim of the present study was to explore managers’ perceptions of factors that contribute to wait times. Methods A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with managers and team leaders of ambulatory and community health services within a large health network. Interviews were transcribed and coded, and the codes were then grouped into themes and subthemes. Results Representatives from 26 services participated in the project. Four major themes were identified. Three themes related to reasons and factors contributing to increased wait time for services (inefficient intake and scheduling processes; service disruptions due to human resource issues; and high service demand). A fourth theme related to staff attitudes towards wait times and acceptance and acknowledgement of wait lists. Conclusions Service providers perceive high demand to be a key driver of wait times, but a range of other factors also contributes and may represent opportunities for improving access to care. These other factors include improving process efficiencies, greater consistency of service delivery through more efficient management of human resources and shifting to more consumer-centred approaches in measuring wait times in order to drive improvements in patient flow. What is known about the topic? Wait times are common in out-patient and ambulatory services. These services experience high demand, which is likely to continue to grow as health service delivery shifts from hospital to community settings. What does this paper add? Although demand is an important driver of wait times, there are other modifiable factors that also contribute, including process inefficiencies and service disruption related to human resource issues. An underlying staff attitude of acceptance of wait times appears to be an additional barrier to improving access. What are the implications for practitioners? The findings of the present study suggest that there are opportunities for improving access to ambulatory and community health services through more efficient use of existing resources. However, a more consumer-focused approach regarding acceptability of wait times is needed to help drive change.
Rural health services and the task of community participation at the local community level: a case study
Authors: Wilson Elena , Kenny Amanda , Dickson-Swift Virginia
Published: January 2017

Community participation in health service decision making is entrenched in health policy, with a strong directive to develop sustainable, effective, locally responsive services. However, it is recognised that community participation is challenging to achieve. The aim of the present study was to explore how a rural health service in Victoria enacts community participation at the local level. Using case study methodology, the findings indicate that enactment of community participation is desired by the health service, but a lack of understanding of the concept and how to enact associated policy are barriers that are exacerbated by a lack of resources and community capacity. The findings reveal a disconnect between community participation policy and practice.

What is known about the topic?
The need to involve communities in health service planning, implementation and evaluation is a feature of health policy across major Western countries. However, researchers have identified a dearth of research on how community participation is enacted at the local service level.

What does this paper add?
The study that is presented herein addresses a gap in knowledge of community participation policy enactment within a rural health service. Insights are provided into the challenges faced by rural health services, with a disconnect between policy ideal and the reality of implementation.

What are the implications for practitioners?
Health service staff need clear direction from chief executive officers about the purpose of community participation policy and the expectations for individual roles. Community advisory committees need clarity about the community member role and the processes for making decisions. Services and their boards would benefit from targeted government funding to resource community participation activity.
Dry matter intake and feeding behaviour of grazing dairy cows offered a mixed ration with or without canola meal
Authors: Wright M. M. , Auldist M. J. , Kennedy E. , Galvin N. , Dunshea F. R. , Wales W. J.
Published: January 2017

Dry matter intake and feeding behaviour were measured in grazing dairy cows fed partial mixed rations with (PMR+C) and without (PMR–C) canola meal. In spring (early lactation), 32 Holstein–Friesian dairy cows were offered two amounts of the two supplement treatments in a two × two factorial arrangement of treatments for 24 days. Amounts of supplement were low (8 kg DM/cow.day) versus high (14 kg DM/cow.day). The PMR–C ration comprised wheat grain (59.5%, DM basis), maize grain (18.9%) and lucerne hay (21.6%). The PMR+C ration was the same, except some wheat grain was substituted with canola meal (21.6%). Both rations were isoenergetic, with a grain to forage ratio of 78 : 22 (DM basis). All cows were offered a low pasture allowance of 10 kg DM/cow.day to ground level. Replacing some wheat in a ration with canola meal increased pasture and total eating time. Dry matter intake did not differ between PMR–C and PMR+C cows. The present experiment also demonstrated that altering the amount of supplement did not influence the increase in eating time that occurred as a result of the inclusion of canola meal. Increasing the amount of supplement reduced pasture intake as a result of a reduction in grazing time and grazing intensity.
Histological analysis of hatchlings of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, from water impoundments reveals fundamental flaws in development
Authors: Kemp Anne
Published: January 2017

Anomalies in embryos and hatchlings of the Australian lungfish are now found in many of the environments inhabited by lungfish, such as reservoirs (Lakes) created over natural rivers, and affect many tissues and organs in the body, most obviously the epidermis and related sense organs, but extending to blood vessels and skeletal structures as well. Development of muscular tissues is affected, but only by the lack of nutrition in the eggs as laid by the parents, and by failure of the hatchlings to feed. They are found in embryos collected from the Lakes and reared in the laboratory by standard methods, and are also present in embryos and hatchlings collected directly from the Lakes. They are not found in fish collected from unaltered parts of Rivers below the Lakes. Recently, in the Lakes, the anomalies are so widespread, and so serious, that they affect all the young of one season. The most probable cause of abnormal development is a lack of volatile fatty acids in the diet of adults, resulting in the production of poor quality eggs, as has been found in other species of fish. The results of this study have serious implications for survival of the species, since almost every habitat where lungfish are found, and are still spawning, has now been altered by the building of water impoundments. Restoration of freshwater environments in south-east Queensland should be a priority for the State and Federal Governments and for water authorities.
Diet patterns of island foxes on San Nicolas Island relative to feral cat removal
Authors: Cypher Brian L. , Kelly Erica C. , Ferrara Francesca J. , Drost Charles A. , Westall Tory L. , Hudgens Brian R.
Published: February 2017

Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) are a species of conservation concern that occur on six of the Channel Islands off the coast of southern California. We analysed island fox diet on San Nicolas Island during 2006–12 to assess the influence of the removal of feral cats (Felis catus) on the food use by foxes. Our objective was to determine whether fox diet patterns shifted in response to the cat removal conducted during 2009–10, thus indicating that cats were competing with foxes for food items. We also examined the influence of annual precipitation patterns and fox abundance on fox diet. On the basis of an analysis of 1975 fox scats, use of vertebrate prey – deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), birds, and lizards – increased significantly during and after the complete removal of cats (n = 66) from the island. Deer mouse abundance increased markedly during and after cat removal and use of mice by foxes was significantly related to mouse abundance. The increase in mice and shift in item use by the foxes was consistent with a reduction in exploitative competition associated with the cat removal. However, fox abundance declined markedly coincident with the removal of cats and deer mouse abundance was negatively related to fox numbers. Also, annual precipitation increased markedly during and after cat removal and deer mouse abundance closely tracked precipitation. Thus, our results indicate that other confounding factors, particularly precipitation, may have had a greater influence on fox diet patterns.
Chlamydia retesting and retest positivity rates: results from a state-wide laboratory data linkage study in Tasmania, 2012–13
Authors: Stephens Nicola , Coleman David , Shaw Kelly , O'Sullivan Maree , McGregor Alistair , Cooley Louise , Venn Alison
Published: January 2017

Background
Chlamydia re-infection increases the likelihood of adverse long-term sequelae. Clinical guidelines recommend retesting at 3–12 months for individuals with positive results, to detect re-infections. Retesting and test positivity levels were measured in young people who previously tested positive for chlamydia infection. Methods: All chlamydia tests conducted during 2012–13 in Tasmanian residents aged 15–29 years were linked. Retesting and retest positivity rates were calculated by sex, age, socioeconomic indicators and test timeframe. Results: Retesting rates were higher in females than males at 3 months (14.5%, n = 242/1673 vs 10%, n = 71/721) (P < 0.01) and 12 months (27%, 265/968 vs 24%, 98/410) (P = 0.24). The retesting rate was higher in females living in areas of most disadvantage (35.5%, 154/434) compared with areas of middle and least disadvantage (26% 139/534) (P < 0.01). Males were more likely than females to retest positive at 3 months (35%, 25/71 vs 23%, 55/242) (P < 0.01); retest positivity at 12 months was 32% in both sexes (males 98/140; females 265/968). Retest positivity was higher in males living in areas of least disadvantage (43%, 3/7) compared with middle (24%, 16/67) (P = 0.27) and most (27%, 10/37) (P = 0.09); and higher in females living in areas of least disadvantage (39%, 7/18) compared with middle (24%, 29/121) (P < 0.01) and most (31%, 48/154) (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Retesting rates are low in Tasmania and retest positivity is high, reinforcing the importance of promoting safer sex practices, partner notification and treatment, and retesting.
Estimating the population-level impact of vaccines using synthetic controls
Authors: Bruhn Christian A. W. , Hetterich Stephen , Schuck-Paim Cynthia , Kürüm Esra , Taylor Robert J. , Lustig Roger , Shapiro Eugene D. , Warren Joshua L. , Simonsen Lone , Weinberger Daniel M.
Published: February 2017

Significance

Pneumococcus, a bacterial pathogen, is among the most important causes of pneumonia globally. Quantifying the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on pneumonia is challenging due to time trends unrelated to the vaccine. We use a method developed for website analytics and economics called “synthetic controls” to disentangle changes in pneumonia rates caused by the vaccine from changes caused by unrelated factors. We found that PCVs significantly reduce all-cause pneumonia hospitalizations in young children, and reduce hospitalizations for invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia in children and adults. In contrast to previous studies, we did not detect a decline in all-cause pneumonia hospitalizations in older adults in any of the five countries following the introduction of the vaccine in children.
Arne, Handel, Walsh, and Music as Intellectual Property: Two Eighteenth-Century Lawsuits
Authors: Rabin Ronald J. , Zohn Steven
Published: February 2017

In 1773 Johann Christian Bach filed a bill of complaint in Chancery for breach of musical copyright, initiating what was to become a landmark case in British copyright law. Bach claimed that the publishing firm of Longman, Lukey & Co. had brought out unauthorized editions of two of his compositions: a ‘new lesson for the Harpsichord or Piano Forte’ and a ‘new Sonata’ for keyboard and viola da gamba.
The septin-associated kinase Gin4 recruits Gps1 to the site of cell division
Authors: Meitinger Franz , Pereira Gislene
Published: February 2017

Cell cycle–dependent morphogenesis of unicellular organisms depends on the spatiotemporal control of cell polarity. Rho GTPases are the major players that guide cells through structural reorganizations such as cytokinesis (Rho1 dependent) and polarity establishment (Cdc42 dependent). In budding yeast, the protein Gps1 plays a pivotal role in both processes. Gps1 resides at the bud neck to maintain Rho1 localization and restrict Cdc42 activity during cytokinesis. Here we analyze how Gps1 is recruited to the bud neck during the cell cycle. We show that different regions of Gps1 and the septin-associated kinase Gin4 are involved in maintaining Gps1 at the bud neck from late G1 phase until midanaphase. From midanaphase, the targeting function of Gin4 is taken over by the bud neck–associated protein Nba1. Our data show that Gps1 is targeted to the cell division site in a biphasic manner, via Gin4 and Nba1, to control the spatiotemporal activation of Rho1 and inhibition of Cdc42.
Biomedical Investigations on Experimental Neutron Capture Therapy with Cold Neutrons in the Laboratory ELLA on the Research Reactor DIDO in Jülich
Authors: Porschen W. , Werner K. , Kollmar A. , Feinendegen L.E.
Published: February 2017

Neutron capture therapy (NCT) with thermal neutrons and suitable 10B compounds permits the successful treatment of brain tumours via the reaction 10B(n,a)7Li. In the past the effects of new organic 10B amino acid analogues have been analysed by irradiation of solid tumours (EO 771) transplanted on the hind legs of mice (C57 B1/6j) at the reactor Merlin in Jülich. Recently, the new external neutron laboratory ELLA at the reactor Kido, with a cold source and 58Ni coated neutron guide tubes, has become operated and a universal irradiation facility (EKN) may also be used for biological and bioanalytical experiments. The measurement of neutron flux density and gamma dosimetry has demonstrated the high quality of this cold neutron beam. This facility was used for the analysis of 10B tumour slices and in blood samples from mice after the injection of 10B Hatanaka SS compound using the solid state detector Kodak-Pathé LR-115.