bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Targets Blame Their Organization for Sexual Harassment: A Multilevel Investigation of Within-Person Appraisals
Authors: Madera Juan M.
Published: September 2017

Very little is known about the targets’ appraisal process related to when targets blame the organization for sexual harassment. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to examine targets’ appraisal process of blaming the organization for sexual harassment incidents across multiple experiences of sexual harassment. Specifically, the current study used an experience sampling method (ESM) that captures a within-person approach to determine how the intensity of sexual harassment incidents affects the appraisal of fear of retaliation and perceived distress, which then influence organizational blame for sexual harassment across multiple experiences of sexual harassment. The study used a sample of 76 college students working in frontline service jobs who completed ratings of the variables three times, one month apart for a total of 228 ESM observations nested within participants. Random coefficient modeling was used to analyze multilevel models. The results showed that the intensity of sexual harassment incidents does lead to organizational blame. The results also showed that fear of retaliation and perceived distress mediated the relationship between the intensity of sexual harassment incidents and organizational blame. The most important implication for theory is the current article’s focus on the within-person appraisals over multiple incidents, showing that across multiple incidents of sexual harassment, the same employee has varying degrees of fear of retaliation, perceived distress, and organizational blame. Thus, the results of the current study underscore that each sexual harassment incident and employee appraisal differs on an event-by-event basis.
Crosslinking method of hyaluronic-based hydrogel for biomedical applications
Authors: Khunmanee Sureerat , Jeong Younghyen , Park Hansoo
Published: September 2017

In the field of tissue engineering, there is a need for advancement beyond conventional scaffolds and preformed hydrogels. Injectable hydrogels have gained wider admiration among researchers as they can be used in minimally invasive surgical procedures. Injectable gels completely fill the defect area and have good permeability and hence are promising biomaterials. The technique can be effectively applied to deliver a wide range of bioactive agents, such as drugs, proteins, growth factors, and even living cells. Hyaluronic acid is a promising candidate for the tissue engineering field because of its unique physicochemical and biological properties. Thus, this review provides an overview of various methods of chemical and physical crosslinking using different linkers that have been investigated to develop the mechanical properties, biodegradation, and biocompatibility of hyaluronic acid as an injectable hydrogel in cell scaffolds, drug delivery systems, and wound healing applications.
Quality improvement regarding handoff
Authors: Studeny Scott , Burley Lauren , Cowen Kelsey , Akers Melanie , O’Neill Kelly , Flesher Susan L
Published: September 2017

Background and Objectives:

Previous studies have emphasized the importance of effectual communication during patient handoffs. The objectives of this study were to (1) implement a resident-driven quality improvement project to improve handoffs by including key elements that are necessary for a safe and effective handoff. We chose to use the IPASS (illness severity, patient summary, action items, situation awareness and contingency planning, synthesis by receiver) mnemonic as our standardized handoff model; (2) Consider balancing measures in an effort to be aware of any negative effects of our interventions on resident satisfaction with the system.

Methods:

A senior resident established a quality improvement team which developed an AIM statement (a written, measurable, and time-sensitive description of the goal of a quality improvement team) and key drivers. A survey was administered to residents regarding their opinions about the handoff process. Tracking of whether or not handoffs included the component IPASS elements was performed over an 11-month period. During this time frame, three Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were conducted. The first was an educational series involving lecture and role playing. The second was printed cards listing appropriate handoff elements. Intervention three was development of a tool and method to decrease nurse interruptions during handoff.

Results:

Inclusion of six key elements of handoffs improved as follows. Illness severity improved from 5% to 97%, diagnosis from 60% to 100%, patient summary from 71% to 100%, contingency planning from 10% to 100%, action list from 23% to 100%, and receiver synthesis from 0% to 97%. Balancing measures showed the residents were more satisfied with the new system and found it to be more effective at providing a safe transition of care.

Conclusion:

Implementation of a resident-driven multidisciplinary IPASS handoff system resulted in improved inclusion of key handoff elements and increased resident satisfaction.
The Effect of a Complainant’s Race and Ethnicity on Dispositional Outcome in Police Misconduct Cases in Chicago
Authors: Headley Andrea Marie , D’Alessio Stewart J. , Stolzenberg Lisa
Published: September 2017

This study examines whether the race and ethnicity of the individual filing a police misconduct allegation in Chicago predicts whether the allegation was (1) sustained, (2) not sustained, (3) determined to be unfounded (not factual), or (4) whether the accused police officer was exonerated of any wrongdoing. Multinomial logistic regression results show that Black and Hispanic complainants are much less likely to have their allegations of police misconduct sustained. When compared to a sustained outcome, Black complainants are 4.7 times more likely to receive a not sustained outcome, 3.6 times more apt to receive an unfounded outcome, and 4.2 times more likely that their misconduct allegation will culminate in the exoneration of the police officer. Results also show that a Hispanic complainant is 1.6 times less apt to achieve a favorable outcome in his or her case alleging misconduct by a police officer. These findings suggest that more work still needs to be done to reduce racial disparity in the resolution of allegations of police misconduct in Chicago.
The Benefits of Bimodal Aiding on Extended Dimensions of Speech Perception: Intelligibility, Listening Effort, and Sound Quality
Authors: Devocht Elke M. J. , Janssen A. Miranda L. , Chalupper Josef , Stokroos Robert J. , George Erwin L. J.
Published: September 2017

The benefits of combining a cochlear implant (CI) and a hearing aid (HA) in opposite ears on speech perception were examined in 15 adult unilateral CI recipients who regularly use a contralateral HA. A within-subjects design was carried out to assess speech intelligibility testing, listening effort ratings, and a sound quality questionnaire for the conditions CI alone, CIHA together, and HA alone when applicable. The primary outcome of bimodal benefit, defined as the difference between CIHA and CI, was statistically significant for speech intelligibility in quiet as well as for intelligibility in noise across tested spatial conditions. A reduction in effort on top of intelligibility at the highest tested signal-to-noise ratio was found. Moreover, the bimodal listening situation was rated to sound more voluminous, less tinny, and less unpleasant than CI alone. Listening effort and sound quality emerged as feasible and relevant measures to demonstrate bimodal benefit across a clinically representative range of bimodal users. These extended dimensions of speech perception can shed more light on the array of benefits provided by complementing a CI with a contralateral HA.
Comparison of the Nutritional Values of Infant Formulas Available in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almazrooy Abdulhadi Hesn , Alturki Abdulrahman Mohammad , Aljohani Afaf Mubarak , Alraddadi Abeer , Allogmani Abdulrahman Muslim
Published: September 2017

Introduction. Optimum growth and development are best achieved by breastfeeding, which is the safest source for infant feeding. Mothers in Saudi Arabia start to breastfeed their infants but soon introduce formula brands. Objective. To assess the safety and nutritional adequacy of the oldest formula brands available in the Saudi market. Methods. An observational study has compared between 5 types of infant formula brands; they were chosen based on their international popularity. Also, they are considered as the oldest formula brands available in the Saudi market. The contents of all the included formulas were carefully collected from their containers. The collected data were compared with the global standard requirements for infant formulas according to the guidelines. Results. All the infant formula brands had their contents within the optimal range as stated by the ESPGHAN (European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition) guidelines. Some formulas did not provide elements like fluoride and nucleotides. Moreover, the mandatory elements and the most dominant ingredient in each formula were documented. Discussion. According to the results of our study, all included formula brands are considered safe and nutritionally adequate. By assuming that the elements that were not found in some brands meant an abnormal value, Bebelac and Liptomil are the most suitable infant formulas available in the Saudi market. Conclusions. Adequate nutrition during infancy is essential in each health organization. The nutritional status of infants should be studied to achieve lifelong health and well-being. All formula brands in this study were found to be safe and nutritionally adequate.
Effects of Prior Cervical Fusion on Patient Outcomes After Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Tangtiphaiboontana Jennifer , Cortez Abigail , Barry Jeffrey J , Sing David C , Ma C Benjamin , Feeley Brian T , Zhang Alan L
Published: September 2017

Background

The coexistence of cervical disease and shoulder pathology is not uncommon. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the early complication rates and outcomes after shoulder arthroplasty in patients with prior cervical arthrodesis.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on a prospectively collected cohort at a single institution. Shoulder arthroplasty (TSA or RTSA) patients with prior cervical fusion (cervical arthrodesis-shoulder arthroplasty [CASA]) were identified and age-matched to controls without cervical fusion from 2012 to 2015. Early (<90-day) complications, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, and hospital length of stays were analyzed. Active shoulder range of motion (ROM) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon (ASES) scores preoperatively, 6-week, 6-month, and 1-year postoperatively were compared.

Results

Seventeen CASA patients were matched to 34 controls. Patients were similar in gender, American Society of Anesthesiologist score, body mass index, opioid use, and arthroplasty procedure (TSA vs RTSA). CASA patients had similar postoperative VAS pain scores (4.6 vs 4.0), hospital length of stay (2.3 vs 2.5), and 90-day complications (3/17 vs 3/34) when compared to controls. Active shoulder ROM and ASES preoperatively and postoperatively at 6-week, 6-month, and 1-year were similar between the 2 groups. CASA patients had similar improvements in ASES scores at 1-year from preoperative scores when compared to controls (25.8 ± 24.3 vs 35.8 ± 21.4, P = .25).

Conclusion

Prior cervical fusion does not appear to be a risk factor for increased perioperative complications or poorer patient reported outcomes in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty.
Glycoprotein Ibα inhibitor (CCP-224) prevents neutrophil-platelet aggregation in sickle cell disease
Authors: Jimenez Maritza A. , Novelli Enrico M. , Shaw Gray D. , Sundd Prithu
Published: September 2017

Key Points

CCP-224 attenuates neutrophil-platelet aggregation in SCD patient blood. CCP-224 has the potential to prevent vaso-occlusion in SCD patients.
Exploring differential evolution for inverse QSAR analysis
Authors: Miyao Tomoyuki , Funatsu Kimito , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: September 2017

Inverse quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling encompasses the generation of compound structures from values of descriptors corresponding to high activity predicted with a given QSAR model. Structure generation proceeds from descriptor coordinates optimized for activity prediction. Herein, we concentrate on the first phase of the inverse QSAR process and introduce a new methodology for coordinate optimization, termed differential evolution (DE), that originated from computer science and engineering. Using simulation and compound activity data, we demonstrate that DE in combination with support vector regression (SVR) yields effective and robust predictions of optimized coordinates satisfying model constraints and requirements. For different compound activity classes, optimized coordinates are obtained that exclusively map to regions of high activity in feature space, represent novel positions for structure generation, and are chemically meaningful.
Are corpus-based predictions mirrored in the preferential choices and ratings of native speakers? Predicting the alternation between the Estonian adessive case and the adposition peal ‘on’
Authors: Klavan Jane , Veismann Ann
Published: September 2017

Recent work in usage-based linguistics stresses the importance of combining corpus-based analyses with experimental studies. A number of studies have compared the performance of a corpus-based statistical model against the behaviour of native speakers in a linguistic experiment. The present paper takes this line of analysis further by combining corpus-based work with two sources of experimental data. A mixedeffects logistic regression model is fitted to the corpus data of the Estonian adessive case and the adposition peal ‘on’ in present-day written Estonian. In order to evaluate the goodness of the corpus-based model, its performance is compared to the behaviour of native speakers in a forced choice task and a rating task.Kokkuvõte. Jane Klavan ja Ann Veismann: Kas keelekasutajate valikud ja hinnangud peegeldavad korpuspõhiseid tõenäosushinnanguid? Eesti keele adessiivi ja kaassõna peal kasutus tänapäeva kirjakeeles. Tänapäevases kasutuspõhises keeleteaduses rõhutatakse vajadust kombineerida korpusandmetele toetuvat analüüsi katseliste uuringutega. Mitmed uurimused on võrrelnud korpusel põhineva statistilise mudeli headust emakeelsete kõnelejate käitumisega keelelistes katsetes. Käesolev artikkel jätkab seda uurimisliini, pannes võrdlusesse korpusandmetega kaks keelelist katset. Artiklis hinnatakse korpuspõhise segamudeli headust, võrreldes seda eesti keelt emakeelena kõnelejate käitumisega sunnitud valiku katses ja hinnangukatses. Uuritavaks nähtuseks on eesti keele adessiivi ja kaassõna peal rööpne kasutus kohasuhete väljendamisel tänapäeva kirjakeeles.Võtmesõnad: konstruktsioonilised alternatsioonid; korpuslingvistika; sunnitud valiku katse; hinnangukatse; statistiline mudeldamine; eesti keel
The projected directive construction and object case marking in Finnish
Authors: Lauranto Yrjö
Published: September 2017

This article examines object case marking in a Finnish verb structure called the Projected Directive Construction, e.g. Liisa pyysi Matti-a lähte-mä-än ‘Liisa asked Matti to leave’ (Liisa.NOMINATIVE asked Matti-PARTITIVE leave-INF-ILLATIVE). The PDC is divided into three subtypes. Type A includes verbs such as pyytää ‘to request’, which take a partitive object regardless of the outcome of the action. Verbs used in type B, such as määrätä ‘to order’, take an accusative object despite the result of the action. Type C comprises verbs such as suostutella ‘to persuade’ taking either a partitive or an accusative object, depending on the outcome of the semiotic causation expressed in the clause. The object case marking in the three subtypes reflects the two-faceted nature of the construction: on the one hand, it is a construction used for reporting of speech, on the other, it is a causative construction. It seems that boundedness – as it has traditionally been defined – does not suffice to describe the alternation of the object case in the PDC.Kokkuvõte. Yrjö Lauranto: Projitseeritud direktiivsed konstruktsioonid ja objekti käände markeerimine soome keeles. Artiklis käsitletakse objekti käänet soome keele projitseeritud direktiivses konstruktsioonis (PDK), nt Liisa pyysi Matti-a lähte-mä-än ‘Liisa palus Matit ära minna’. PDK võib jagada kolme alltüüpi. Tüüp A sisaldab verbe nagu pyytää ‘paluda’, mis nõuavad partitiivobjekti, sõltumata tegevuse tulemusest. Tüüp B verbid nagu määrätä ‘käskida’ nõuavad akusatiivobjekti, sõltumata tegevuse tulemuslikkusest. Tüüpi C kuuluvad verbid nagu suostutella ‘veenda’, mis võivad võtta nii partitiivse kui akusatiivse objekti, sõltuvalt lausega väljendatud semiootilise põhjustatuse tulemusest. Kolme alltüübi käändemarkeering peegeldab konstruktsiooni kahetist olemust: ühelt poolt kasutatakse konstruktsiooni kõne vahendamiseks, teiselt poolt on tegemist kausatiivse konstruktsiooniga. Seega ei piisa PDK objekti käändevahelduse selgitamiseks vaid piiritletuse mõistest.Võtmesõnad: objekti käände markeerimine; piiritletus; akusatiiv; partitiiv; kõne ja mõtete vahendamine; projitseerimine; kausatiivne konstruktsioon; soome keel
Multistep organic synthesis leading to the formation of triazinothiazoloquinoxalines involving cost effective rea-gents
Authors: Yadav Amar , Pandey Vinod
Published: September 2017

A simple and efficient chemical method has been attempted for the synthesis of biologically and commercially important 2-aryl [-s-] triazino [1], [3], [5] thiazolo [6], [5-b] quinoxalin -4- thiones in moderate to excellent yields through cyclization reaction of o-phenylenediamino using readily available and fewer costly reagents viz. oxalic acid, PCl5thiourea, aromatic aldehydes and ammonium thiocyanate at an ambient temperature.
Escultismo. Más que una escuela de valores, un gimnasio de virtudes
Authors: Núñez Partido Juan Pedro
Published: September 2017

El escultismo aporta algo distinto a la educación en valores que niños, niñas y jóvenes reciben en su entorno: la posibilidad de adquirir y desarrollar las fortalezas que les permitan ser buenas personas a lo largo de sus vidas. Y para ello su oferta es clara, vivir experiencias únicas que poco a poco les exijan estar a la altura del compromiso adquirido ante sus compañeros, a lo largo de los primeros y significativos años de su infancia y juventud.
El escultismo como escuela de compromiso
Authors: Ballesteros Carlos
Published: September 2017

El escultismo es una escuela de compromiso que trata de crear personas capaces de arreglar el mundo y dejarlo un poco mejor de cómo lo encontraron. Desde su planteamiento educativo pretende, incluso desde sus etapas más iniciales, formar personas constructoras de una mejor sociedad que, desde la metodología acción-reflexión-acción, sepan actuar en pro de una sociedad más justa, libre, plural, pacífica…
Un pueblo por descubrir. Proyecto IM CC en Primaria
Authors: Escamilla González Amparo
Published: September 2017

La necesidad de integrar líneas de innovación, ha de llevarnos a forjar experiencias en las que, como en este caso, se trabaje con una estrategia, la de proyectos, que se aplica con el desarrollo de metodología de pensamiento, inteligencias múltiples y competencias clave. Toda una etapa y un equipo de profesores con una estrategia organizativa y metodológica que puede aplicarse de forma flexible, creativa y adaptada a las necesidades e intereses de diferentes centros y situaciones.
Improvement based on standardized work: an implementation case study
Authors: Fin Julio Cesar , Vidor Gabriel , Cecconello Ivandro , Machado Vanessa de Campos
Published: September 2017

Standardized work is an effective way for process improvement, specially when it is applied to manual tasks such as assembly lines. This tool is part of Toyota Production System and based on wastes reduction. Thus, the objectives were to implement standardized work in a medium chassis assembly line and measure the benefis from optimization of operators’ tasks and movement through waste reduction. In order to achieve these results, a single case study was performed in a medium chassis assembly line that is part of a company in South Brazil. The steps involved: defining the object of study; time measurement and takt time definition; creating a production capacity sheet; defining the minimum number of operators and balancing the line; determining minimum work in process; defining the new layout; creating a standardized operations sheet and a standardized operations routine sheet; training and implementing standardized work; and verifying the results. Results show 36 minutes reduction in terms of assembly time and 200 meters reduction in terms of operators’ movement on average. Other contributions regard the 9.6% reduction in terms of the assembly line downtime.
Multimodal logistic platforms structure analysis worldwide: a comparative study between Brazilian and foreign projects
Authors: Mamede Bianca Marcelo , Oliveira Gyovanna Alves e Silva , Machado Ricardo Luiz
Published: September 2017

Plataformas logísticas multimodais - MLPs - fornecem integração de diferentes modos de transporte, possibilitando flexibilidade no sistema logístico e gerando vantagens competitivas. Buscando destacar as características de que uma MLP deve atender às necessidades do mercado, este estudo teve como objetivo uma análise comparativa entre as estruturas MLP que operam na Europa, Ásia e América do Norte e dois projetos brasileiros avançados. Portanto, apresentamos uma comparação com base em variáveis como a natureza do modal, sistema de gerenciamento, área residencial e tipos de carga manipulados. Os resultados sustentam que os projetos brasileiros são semelhantes aos MLPs internacionais e podem atingir o mesmo nível de competitividade.
Intuition and missing links in Project Management: a case study from the Elbanna (2015) model
Authors: Thomé Octavio Sanz dos Santos , Nascimento Alexandre Ferreira , Carvalho Cid de Araujo Fernando , Farias Filho José Rodrigues
Published: September 2017

Intuition has become a common theme in project management. Elbanna (2015) examines how environment influences intuition and whether reflexivity mediates the link between intuition and project outcomes. By this way, the aim of this work is to apply Elbanna (2015) methodology in a Brazilian firm in order to contribute for to the model validation and to make a literature review, regarding intuition in project management. Our results contribute to science dialog about intuition and reflexivity in decisory process.
A knowledge management perspective of the project management office
Authors: Nadae Jeniffer de , Monteiro de Carvalho Marly
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the converting projects tacit knowledge into an available explicit knowledge in Project Management Offices, using the SECI model to analyze these processes. Using case studies, the information was gathered by in loco observation, interviews with PMO managers and project managers, and document analysis. The results show the socialization, externalization, combination and internalization, SECI in PMOs level, helping to visualize the process of transforming project tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge and to understand that knowledge must be incorporated into operational practices, rules in databases, and company history. Organizational culture was presented itself as a major factor, influencing this process of sharing knowledge among employees from the two companies studied. The steps of the spiral of knowledge, using the SECI model for the conversion of knowledge, the stage and how companies apply this conversion, show that these processes happen on a daily basis and continuously if the team understands this need. Project managers have to emphasizes the important of knowledge management, knowledge sharing and knowledge storage during the development of projects. Mainly PMO has an important role in the process of storage and sharing of knowledge.
Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) pada Level Pemupukan dan Jarak Tanam yang Berbeda
Authors: Raditya Jessica , Purbajanti Endang Dwi , Slamet Widyati
Published: September 2017

This research aimed to study the growth and yield of Okra at different nitrogen fertilizer levels and plant spacing. The experiment was assigned in a completely randomized factorial design with plant spacing (50x50 and 50x75 cm) as the first factor and nitrogen fertilizer level (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N/ha) as the second factor. Each treatments was repeated three times. Parameters measured were stem diameter, number of leaves, number of fruits per plot, and weight of fruits per plot. Data were subjected to ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that adding 50 kg N/ha increased stem diameter and number of leaves. The treatment of 50x50 cm spacing and 150 kg N/ha dose had the highest number of fruits per plot and weight of fruits per plot, and significantly different with 0 kg N/ha dose treatment in all parameters.
A High-Order Difference Scheme for the Space and Time Fractional Bloch–Torrey Equation
Authors: Zhu Yun , Sun Zhi-Zhong
Published: September 2017

In this paper, a high-order difference scheme is proposed for an one-dimensional space and time fractional Bloch–Torrey equation.
A third-order accurate formula, based on the weighted and shifted Grünwald–Letnikov difference operators, is used to approximate the Caputo fractional derivative in temporal direction.
For the discretization of the spatial Riesz fractional derivative, we approximate the weighed values of the Riesz fractional derivative at three points by the fractional central difference operator.
The unique solvability, unconditional stability and convergence of the scheme are rigorously proved by the discrete energy method.
The convergence order is 3 in time and 4 in space in

L
1

⁢

(

L
2

)

{L_{1}(L_{2})}

-norm.
Two numerical examples are implemented to testify the accuracy of the numerical solution and the efficiency of the difference scheme.
About tests of the “simplifying” assumption for conditional copulas
Authors: Derumigny Alexis , Fermanian Jean-David
Published: September 2017

We discuss the so-called “simplifying assumption” of conditional copulas in a general framework. We introduce several tests of the latter assumption for non- and semiparametric copula models. Some related test procedures based on conditioning subsets instead of point-wise events are proposed. The limiting distributions of such test statistics under the null are approximated by several bootstrap schemes, most of them being new. We prove the validity of a particular semiparametric bootstrap scheme. Some simulations illustrate the relevance of our results.
The relative effects of isolated and combined structured input and structured output on the acquisition of the English causative forms
Authors: Benati Alessandro , Batziou Maria
Published: September 2017

The present study explores the effects of structured input and structured output when delivered in isolation or in combination on the acquisition of the English causative. Research investigating the effects of processing instruction and meaning output-based instruction has provided some interesting and sometimes conflicting results. Additionally, there are a number of issues (e. g., measuring a combination of structured input and structured output, measuring discourse-level effects) that have not been fully and clearly addressed. To provide answers to the questions formulated in this study, two classroom experiments were carried out. In the first study, fifty-four Chinese university students (age 18–20) participated. The participants were randomly assigned to four groups: structured input only group (n=13); structured output only group (n=15); combined structured input and structured output group (n=16); control group (n=10). In the second study, thirty school-age Greek learners (age 10–12) participated. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups: structured input only group (n=10); structured output only group (n=10); combined structured input and structured output group (n=10).

Only subjects who participated in all phases of each experiment and scored lower than 60 % in the pre-tests were included in the final data collection. Instruction lasted for three hours. The control group received no instruction on the causative structure. Interpretation and production tasks were used in a pre-test and post-test design. The design included a delayed post-test battery (3 weeks after instruction) for both experiments. In the first study, the assessment tasks included an interpretation and production task at sentence-level, and an interpretation task at discourse-level. In the second study, an additional discourse-level production task was adopted along with the interpretation discourse-level task. The results indicated that learners who received structured input both in isolation and in combination benefitted more than learners receiving structured output only. These two groups were able to retain instructional gains three weeks later in all assessment measures.
Performance Risks Allocation in Bot Infrastructure in Nigeria: A Case Study of Lagos Infrastructure Project
Authors: Sanni Gabriel A. , Adebiyi John O.
Published: September 2017

The study assessed allocation, criteria and allotment effectiveness of performance risks in Build- Operate-Transfer (BOT) transportation infrastructure in Nigeria using Lagos Infrastructure Project (LIP) as a case study. LIP is the only BOT-procured tolled road that has attained ‘operate’ stage of BOT cycle in Nigeria. It revealed that more operating risks were actually allocated to the concessionaire than the grantor and most of the risks were preferred retained by the allottee. Significant fraction of the risks was effectively allocated between the concessionaire and grantor except those that involve close interface between participants. While grantor rated nine risks high and seven risks very high; the concessionaire assessed nine risks to be high and five risks to be very high; the grantor rated the effectiveness level to be seventy three per cent and the concessionaire assessed it to be sixty four per cent. The study recommended that the evolving knowledge from Lagos Infrastructure Project (LIP) should be documented to guide future BOT transactions in Nigeria.
Evaluation of a Process Monitoring Method for Compounding Parenteral Nutrition with the Baxter EM2400 in a Hospital Pharmacy Department
Authors: Collins Chelsey , Krämer Irene
Published: September 2017

Background

A method for process monitoring of the Baxter ACD, Exactamix EM2400, by chemically analyzing the concentrations of the ingredients in parenteral nutrition test preparations was evaluated.

Methods

In the study, three different test preparations were developed consisting of four ingredients varying in volume and concentration, which simulated actual PN products. Each test preparation was produced in triplicate by a trained pharmacy technician using the Exactamix EM2400 from Baxter (Baxter International Inc.). The process was repeated on three consecutive days using the same conditions. The amount of each ingredient in the test preparation was measured in an external contract laboratory using European Pharmacopoeia methods. Based on USP monographies and the Guidelines on the Safe Use of Automated Compounding Devices for the Preparation of Parenteral Nutrition from the ASHP the device was tested to be accurate to deliver within 5 % of the amount programmed.

Results

The study showed that in most cases the ingredient delivery of the automated compounder deviated less than 3 % from the expected concentrations. For certain ingredients out of specification results were detected and analyzed. By resetting the flow factor, it was possible to optimize the performance of the ACD.

Conclusion

The study emphasizes the need for process monitoring of the Exactamix EM2400 during the initial installation and on a regular basis for each ingredient to ensure the accurate delivery of ingredients. Further methods need to be analyzed to determine the most feasible method to regularly conduct process monitoring tests on an ACD in a hospital pharmacy setting.
Exercise Technique: Applying the Hexagonal Bar to Strength and Power Training
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Lazar Adrina
Published: September 2017

THE HEXAGONAL (HEX) BAR CAN OFTEN BE FOUND IN TRAINING FACILITIES; THIS ARTICLE WILL DESCRIBE HOW THIS EQUIPMENT COULD BE INCORPORATED IN THE STRENGTH AND POWER TRAINING OF ATHLETES. THE UNIQUE BAR DESIGN MEANS THAT THE HEX BAR COULD BE USED FOR DIFFERENT EXERCISES, INCLUDING THE DEADLIFT, FARMER'S WALK, AND JUMP SQUAT. THE LITERATURE REGARDING THESE EXERCISES WILL BE DISCUSSED, AND THIS INFORMATION WILL BE USED TO DEMONSTRATE PRACTICAL APPLICATION FOR THE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROFESSIONAL. IN ADDITION, THE REQUIRED EXECUTION FOR THE LOW- AND HIGH-HANDLE HEX BAR DEADLIFT, HEX BAR FARMER'S WALK, AND HEX BAR JUMP SQUAT WILL BE DOCUMENTED.
Respiratory Infections and the Risk of Celiac Disease
Authors: Auricchio Renata , Cielo Donatella , de Falco Renato , Galatola Martina , Bruno Valentina , Malamisura Basilio , Limongelli Maria Giovanna , Troncone Riccardo , Greco Luigi
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The increasing incidence of celiac disease (CD) suggests that common infections before the onset of autoimmune diseases could be an important factor in switching the immune response. We aimed to explore the relationship between early clinical events and the development of CD in genetically predisposed infants.

METHODS:

In this study, 373 newborns from families with at least 1 relative with CD were recruited, and human leukocyte antigen DQ2- or DQ8-positive infants were followed up with clinical and serological evaluations. Cross tabulation and odds ratios were used to explore the risk associated with single variables, and logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the variables that contributed to the risk of developing CD. Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to determine which variables could distinguish case patients from controls before diagnosis.

RESULTS:

The cumulative incidence of CD in this cohort was 6% at 3 years and 13.5% at 5 years of age, and l34 children (14%) developed CD before the sixth year of life. An analysis of adverse events showed a higher frequency of respiratory tract infections among CD patients during the first 24 months of life. In a stepwise discriminant analysis, which included sex and human leukocyte antigen risk class, only respiratory infections in the second and first years of life significantly contributed to discrimination of case patients versus controls.

CONCLUSIONS:

A multivariate model of discriminant analysis showed that the frequency of respiratory infections in the first 2 years of life could distinguish children who developed CD from those who did not.
Characterization and typification of coffee production systems (Coffea arabica L.), Andes municipality
Authors: Robaina Rodríguez Nayla , Vásquez Bedoya Elizabeth , Restrepo Betancur Luis Fernando , Márquez Girón Sara María
Published: September 2017

La región del suroeste de Antioquia, se ha caracterizado por estar a la vanguardia en la producción de café en Colombia, con una alta diversidad de sistemas de producción. En la investigación, se caracterizaron y tipificaron 13 sistemas productores de café (Coffea arabica L.), bajo diferentes tipos de manejo, del municipio de Andes. La metodología consistió en la caracterización cualitativa de las dimensiones sociodemográfica, ambiental, económica y agrícola, seguido de una tipificación estratificada. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos de tipo factorial por correspondencia múltiple y el método del clúster. Los resultados destacan que en la dimensión sociodemográfica el 100% de los cafeteros son propietarios de la tierra, poseen formación primaria, presentan un área predial entre tres y cuatro hectáreas y poseen más de 10 años de experiencia. En la ambiental, el 100% poseen beneficios tradicionales y secan al sol el café y entre el 46 y 69% utilizan agroquímicos. En la económica, el 77% de los cafeteros comercializan con las cooperativas y poseen altos costos de producción sin ganancias. Por último, en la agrícola el 100% preparan los suelos con labranza mínima, compran las semillas, el 85% contratan mano de obra y el 46% presentan baja calidad del suelo y de biodiversidad. La tipificación arrojó que el 47% de los cafeteros presentan sistemas Convencionales (Utilización de insumos químicos), el 38% son sistemas en Transición I (Racionalización de insumos sintéticos) y sólo el 15% poseen sistemas en Transición II (Utilización de insumos orgánicos).
Parámetros de producción y calidad de los cultivares de banano FHIA-17, FHIA-25 y Yangambi
Authors: Brenes-Gamboa Saúl
Published: September 2017

The objective of this work was to determine indicators of growth, development, fruit characteristics, and organoleptic properties of banana FHIA-25, FHIA-17, and Yangambi cultivars. Five lots were chosen in different farms in the town of Turrialba, Costa Rica, during the years 2013 and 2014. Each lot contained 30 plants of each kind. Coco and Congo cultivars were included in the analysis of fruit and organoleptic properties since they have local importance as well. The FHIA-25 showed vigor and resistance to black Sigatoka, had a greater number of fruit bunches (13.8), and increased more than 47 kilograms the fruits weight. The highest brix degree level was obtained with the Gros Michel, which was the material that was used as a reference and which is traditionally grown in the area. Although FHIA-25 showed great agronomic performance, it just reached 17 brix degrees at the peak of its ripeness. Regarding consumers’ taste and preferences , 37% of interviewees said that FHIA-17 tasted well. The inclination towards Gros Michel was always higher; in addition to the aforementioned this type of analysis encourages seeking for new alternatives instead of relying on cultivars of this subgroup in order to satisfy the demand for this fruit for both fresh consumption and industry purposes.
Efecto del proceso de acidificación sobre el color de queso cottage
Authors: Vargas-Uscategui Ramiro , Arenas-Clavijo Anthony , Ramírez-Navas Juan Sebastian
Published: September 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the color change of cottage cheese made with different processes of acidification (enzymatic and chemical) over time. The research was conducted at Universidad del Valle (Cali, Colombia) laboratories, between 2014 and 2015. Microbial rennet and lactic culture (CC) were used for enzymatic coagulation method (control cheese), and solutions of citric acid (CA) and phosphoric acid (PA) were used for the chemical method. The physicochemical properties were determined, and color behavior was analyzed over nine days of storage. Significant differences in acidity and moisture for the three coagulants were found. In the color plane, it was observed that the final and initial points of the coordinates a * and b * are close together; changes in color were mostly due to changes in brightness. The speed at which brightness decreased in the three cheeses matches kinetics order to zero and one. The first order kinetics displayed in higher values of linear correlation coefficients (R), AC: 0.8410 ± 0.0533; AF: 0.8390 ± 0.0847, and CC: 0.8717 ± 0.0256. The kinetics of change in color also adjusted correctly to zero and the first order kinetic model; that is, no significant difference (p <0.05) between these results. However, the speed of color change for the three cheeses had a slightly higher setting for zero order kinetics, as evidenced by the linear correlation coefficient (R) results, AC: 0.8800 ± 0.0205; AF: 0.8543 ± 0.0099, and CC: 0.7982 ± 0.0605.
Manejo de la verminosis ovina en la agricultura familiar en Pinheiro Machado, Brasil
Authors: Traversa Tejero Ignacio Pablo , Gonçalves Lopes Rafael
Published: September 2017

The objective of this research was to analyze the control methods of ovine verminosis in the agriculture family of Pinheiro Machado municipality, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. In 2015, available information regarding agriculture on anthelmintics was collected by conducting interviews and by applying questionnaires to 32 sheep breeders. There were 11 active principles and 34 commercial names of medications registered for deworming. All the producers used anti-parasite drugs to control sheep verminosis, and 90% of the producers applied vermifuges without taking into account technical criteria. Only 1.8% gave a suitable destination to medical devices packages. Sheep farmers increased the frequency and dose usage of antiparasitic drugs, the aforementioned shows as consequences an increase in parasitic resistance to deworms and an environmental impact. In order to increase production and reduce chemicals that are harmful to the environment, sheep breeders shall use phytotherapy, homeopathy, biological control, rotational grazing, and the Famacha method.
Clave dicotómica para especies parasitoides e hiperparasitoides (Hymenoptera) de áfidos (Hemiptera: Aphididae) de Costa Rica
Authors: Zamora Mejías Daniel , Hanson Paul E.
Published: September 2017

Aphids represent a major problem for many plant species, due to their ability to serve as pathogen vectors; the use of parasitoids as biological control agents might be a suitable option for long term control of their populations. The objective of this study was to prepare a taxonomic key in order to identify parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of aphids obtained in Costa Rica. In total, during 2008 to 2015, 3009 hymenopteran parasitoids were reared from 25 species of aphids, 2832 (94%) were primary parasitoids and 175 (6%) were hyperparasitoids. A taxonomic key was made for the identification of nine species of primary parasitoids, Braconidae-Aphidiinae, Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, and six species of hyperparasitoids in five families. In addition, the genus Quadrictonus (Aphidiinae), was included in the key and was reported for the first time in this study in Costa Rica.
Evaluación de sistemas térmicos y fotovoltaicos solares en unidades de producción agropecuaria, Región Huetar Norte, Costa Rica
Authors: Guzmán Hernández Tomás De Jesús , Araya Rodríguez Freddy , Obando Ulloa Javier Mauricio , Rivero Marcos Mikel , Castro Badilla Guillermo
Published: September 2017

The dependence on fossil fuels urges society to seek for clean energy alternatives, in order to mitigate the effects of climate change. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of solar energy used for water heating and electricity generation. The study was conducted at the dairy of the Technology Institute of Costa Rica, San Carlos Headquarter, from May 15 to April 2016. The data related to the amount of the electricity produced and the temperature reached by water was obtained from the installed photovoltaic and thermal systems, the data was recorded by a computerized register. The obtained information about electricity production allowed researchers to calculate the amount of carbon dioxide equivalent that was not emitted into the atmosphere, and also the acquired economic saving on consumption. The use of these systems allowed the production unit have a self- sufficient source of electrical energy percentage, actually around 30 to 40% of the total electrical consumption. According to the energy production, the solar thermal system was capable to increase water temperature between 20 to 37 °C, temperature that represents more than 70% of the energy needed in order to reach the required water temperature (70 °C) for cleaning and sanitizing the milking equipment, and also an economical saving around $90 per month was achieved. The results showed that these systems allow to improve the economical and productive efficiency of agricultural production units in the Northern Huetar Region of Costa Rica.
O ESTÁGIO CURRICULAR NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: REVISITANDO O DEBATE
Authors: Barbosa de Oliveira Meyre-Ester
Published: September 2017

Neste trabalho busco problematizar o papel do estágio curricular na formação docente, a partir da análise dos sentidos produzidos sobre esta atividade no curso de Pedagogia da Faculdade de Educação/UERN. Assim, interrogo: que sentidos sobre o estágio são propostos no Projeto Pedagógico do Curso? Que traduções são produzidas pelos que vivenciam esta atividade acadêmica? Que sentidos são provisoriamente estabilizados? Com efeito, apresento uma análise sobre formações discursivas de professores e alunos do curso em foco, identificando os núcleos de sentido e recorrência na significação que permitem compreender a estabilização de sentidos sobre o estágio curricular supervisionado. Para tanto, tomo como material empírico o Projeto Pedagógico do Curso, visando à análise da concepção e proposta de estágio e textos produzidos por alunos e professores do curso de Pedagogia por ocasião do I Seminário de Avaliação da Formação do Pedagogo no Curso de Pedagogia da UERN - SEMAPED. O trabalho se articula com a pesquisa que venho desenvolvendo no âmbito do curso de Doutorado em Educação, na qual busco compreender no processo de produção da política curricular a micropolítica institucional, as produções de sentidos e as traduções para as políticas de formação de professores. Apoiando-me na compreensão do currículo como espaço fronteiriço de enunciação cultural (MACEDO, 2006; FRANGELLA, 2009) e como um discurso que constrói sentidos (LOPES e MACEDO, 2011), proponho pensar que o currículo constitui o conjunto de discursos que estabelece sentidos, sempre contingentes, num movimento contínuo de construção/desconstrução, não havendo, portanto, a possibilidade de correspondência entre proposta e prática, tampouco de bloquear a significação.
AS BRINCADEIRAS DAS CRIANÇAS DE ONTEM E DE HOJE NO CONTEXTO SOCIOCULTURAL
Authors: Silva Micaela Ferreira dos Santos , Andrade Adriano Pinheiro de , Torres Magallia Farkath de Paiva , Amorim Giovana Carla Cardoso
Published: September 2017

A brincadeira pode ser caracterizada como um elemento conciso que permite o desenvolvimento infantil. Este estudo visa entender as relações das brincadeiras tradicionais com as brincadeiras que envolvem o aparato tecnológico, a partir do contexto sociocultural. Objetivamos identificar os fatores que influenciam no brincar infantil. A pesquisa foi realizada com crianças e adultos da Escola Municipal Paulo Cavalcante de Moura na cidade de Mossoró/RN. Pretendemos desse modo, verificar em que contexto de brincadeiras as crianças de ontem e de hoje se situam. Utilizamos como aporte teórico, estudos de autores que fundamentam a pesquisa, como: Brougère (2010 e 2011), Kishimoto (2001 e 2010), Vygotsky (2007), Piaget (1994), entre outros. O percurso metodológico do estudo baseou-se na pesquisa quanto-qualitativa, em que utilizamos como instrumento de coleta de dados questionários. Para a escolha dos sujeitos que compõe a pesquisa, usamos o método de análise aleatória simples, conforme apresenta Gil (1999). De acordo com os pensamentos dos autores e as análises dos dados da pesquisa, percebemos que não importa o contexto em que vivem, as crianças acabam, de algum modo, brincando. As brincadeiras mais comuns tanto na infância das crianças de ontem, quanto na infância das crianças de hoje, são brincadeiras que sejam desenvolvidas coletivamente. Entendemos que esses tipos de brincadeiras trazem grandes benefícios à infância, pois desenvolvem aspectos motores, cognitivos, afetivos, sociais, entre outros. É importante evidenciar que a brincadeira também é responsável pela propagação da cultura, geração a geração, residindo nesse aspecto à relevância da temática para a educação e para a sociedade.