bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal endometriosis and infertility
Authors: Ailamazyan Е. K. , Savitsky G. A. , Niauri D. А. , Gorbushin S. M.
Published: December 2021

Peritoneal endometriosis and infertility in most of patients (in 80%) are pathogenetically conjugated. Both peritoneal endometriosis and infertility are based in ovarian failure. These women have a low endometrial receptivity for blastocysts implantation (retardation development of glands, vessels, and stroma; changes in the microrelief of the epithelium). Even at the beginning of the menstruation patients with peritoneal endometriosis and infertility have cells with a great adhesive and proliferative potential in the endometrium. This kind of cells have an ability for long autonomous existence. Ovarian failure in these women is a promotion factor for development of the retrograde menstruation. In these conditions the endometrial cells with adhesive potential are frequently bringing in the abdominal cavity. Active endometrium heterotopias support the ovarian failure and create conditions for uterine infertility (implantation disorders).
Treatment endometrium cancer with preserving fertility - analysis of literature data and own studies
Authors: Bakhidze E. V. , Chepik O. V. , Volkova A. T. , Maksimov S. I.
Published: December 2021

Spontaneous and distant results were analyzed concerning hormonal treatment of 47 initial patients of reproductive age with endometrium cancer (EC). The cure in the prof. N.N.Petrov scientific-research institute was performed from 1975 with purpose of preseiving fertility without operation. In addition, literature data concerning analogical treatment of 36 patients were analyzed. Summary of all data concerning 83 patients EC without invasion in myometrium show about 80% patients were receptive to hormonotherapy and 61% had the full regression of endometrium tumor. The pregnancy occurs in 20% of patients, childbirth happen in 12% of patients. Relapses of illness were revealed in almost one half of 66 patients (48%) after the full regression of initial EC. Unique results obtained in the prof. N.N. Petrov scientific-research institute oncological department are explained by large number of observations and long monitoring patients. These data analysis allowed to define indications and conditions for use of such cure EC method: only inpatients with minimal high-differentiated Aden carcinoma and in specialized clinics. This method does not exclude any timely surgery cure component in case of relapse and together with it permits to realize the reproductive function.
Effichiency of contemporary methods of internal endometriosis (adenomyosis) treatment
Authors: Kappusheva L. M. , Breusenko V. G.
Published: December 2021

The main treatment method of the internal endometriosis nowadays is still surgical method - hysterectomy by laparoscopic or laparotomic way. The histeroscopic endometrial resection (ablation) is an alternative with regard of hysterectomy in female patients with surface adenomyosis forms in absence of pain syndrome. According to available information on our investigation, the endometrial resection (ablation) is very effective in 72% of female patients with adenomyosis combined with recidive endometrial hyperplasia.
Transdermal hormonosubstitute therapy - the selection method in treatment of aftersurgical estrogen deficit
Authors: Kira Е. F. , Karpishchenko J. M. , Beskrovny S. V.
Published: December 2021

The data about efficiency of various types of trans-dermal HST of aged and after-surgical deficit estrogen syndrome are given in this article. The advantage of intra-dermal way estradiol input at necessity of the longtime use HST and especially in persons with accompanying external genital pathology. The comparing specifications of ointment trans-dermal form input (Divigel) and put in plaster (Estraderm), modes and indications for their use are presented.
Opportunities to improve the diagnosis chronic tndometritis
Authors: Gazazyan M. G. , Khutsishvili O. S. , Lvanova T. S. , Lunova I. S.
Published: December 2021

Goal of the research: optimization of the diagnosis of chronic endometritis.

Methodology: perspective research.

Institution: Department of obstetrics and gynecology of the Kursk medical University.

Material of the research: 67 patients suffering benign diseases of endometrium and myometrium connected with it. 59 patients with the diseases of the uterus of the same пaтe without chronic endometritis.

Methods of the research: clinico-laboratory, ultrasonography, hysteroscopic, histologic, cytologic, microbiologic examination of the endometrium, PSR, radioimmunological method to determine progesterone rate in the blood plasma.

Results of the research: the endoscopice variants of chronic endometritis are extreted: hyperplastic and hypoplastic (and also its forms - focal and diffusive). They are necessary stages achieving reliable diagnosis of the inflammatory process of endometrium a differential method of probing of endometrium depending on a variant and damage rate of chronic endometritis is worked out.

Conclusion: the complex method of the diagnosis chronic endometritis including hysteroscopy with visual biopsy and cytologic-histologic examination of endometrium increases the quality of diagnosis by 64,4% in comparison with the traditional curettement of the endometrium and considerably decreases the number of posttraumatic and inflammatory complications.
Antiphospholipid antibodies and combined pathology of small pelvis in women with tumors and tumoroid ovary formations, who suffer with infertility, and correction of revealed disorders
Authors: Gataulina R. G. , Vanko L. V. , Nazarenko T. А. , Ezhova L. S. , Menzhinskaia I. V. , Barabanova О. E. , Sukhikh G. T.
Published: December 2021

It is given in an article the obtained investigation results in studying antiphospholipid antibodies contains and combined pathology of small pelvis organs in 32 women with tumors and timorous ovary formations, who suffered with infertility. Analysis of anamnesis and clinic-laboratorial data, echography, operative laparoscopy and histological investigation is presented.
Contemporary aspects of pain syndrome in endometriosis
Authors: Startseva N. V. , Shvetsow М. V. , Beda Y. V.
Published: December 2021

The present investigation is devoted to the development of the pain syndrome in endometriosis patients. 150 women with a genital endometriosis of the reproductive age were investigated. On the base of the correlative analysis a high level of dependence between the pain syndrome severances, level of peroxidation (malonic dialdehyde) and level immune depression was revealed. Inflammation reaction (DTH) takes a significant role in the pain syndrome in endometriosis. Severance of the endometriosis development is not defined by the spreading stage, it is defined by the pain syndrome severance, which correlates with the anxiety level and depression and has extra-organic features.
Glutathione detoxication processes in females suffering from sterility
Authors: Inoyatova V. H.
Published: December 2021

Thirty females suffering from sterility were examined. Fertility disorders were accompanied by hyperandrogeny. Hormones FSH, LH, testosterone and progesterone in blood were studied. Besides, an activity of enzymes GPO, GTD, GST, G-6-PD in washed erythrocytes and tissue homogenate of ovary was investigated. Findings obtained demonstrate noticeable disorders in glutathione detoxication processes in females with infertility and they are related to hormones level, in particular androgens. An increase of GPO in females with hyperandrogeny showed deepupdates in metabolism processes of steroid hormones in ovary. It manifests beforehand for development of follicle that is predictive sign of unovulation in the beginning of menstrual cycle.
The use of betadine for the treatment of dysbiotic and fungal diseases of the vagina in pregnant women
Authors: Kira Е. F. , Simchera I. A. , Tikhonov T. K.
Published: December 2021

Betadine can be recommended for the treatment of vaginitis in pregnant women in order to improve the microbiocenosis before childbirth and for the prevention of postpartum infectious complications.
Genital endometriosis: controversial issues and alternative approaches to diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Adamyan L. V. , Yarotskaya E. L.
Published: December 2021

On the basis of the Department of Operative Gynecology of the Scientific Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences from 1992 to 2002. examination, treatment and monitoring of 1234 patients with endometriosis was carried out, which served as material for the study of morphofunctional, endocrine, immune, biochemical, genetic aspects of endometriosis. Our clinical and scientific experience allowed us to determine our own positions and a circle of discussion questions corresponding to the main directions of further research on this problem, which are: is endometriosis a disease or not ?; development mechanisms; classification; diagnostic criteria; features of histological characteristics; endometriosis and genetics; endometriosis and the immune system; endometriosis and adenomyosis; retrocervical endometriosis; endometriosis and pelvic pain; endometriosis and adhesions; endometriosis and infertility; traditional and non-traditional approaches to diagnosis and treatment.
Conservative-surgical treatment of the external-internal endometriosis
Authors: Krasnopolsky V. I. , Buianova S. N.
Published: December 2021

Endometriosis as a gynecological disease is becoming a problem of the century, occupying the third place in the structure of gynecological pathology after inflammatory diseases and uterine fibroids. Insufficient effectiveness of treatment, disability and neurotization of women suffering from genital endometriosis, infertility as an important family and state problem. - a short list of troubles. caused by this disease.
New technologies of the little invasive treatment of small pelvis abscesses
Authors: Semendiaiev A. A. , Kogan А. S.
Published: December 2021

Comparative results of abscessed keen purulent processes treatment of the small pelvis in women by means of longtime proteolysis with immobilizing ferment imozimaza and sanative processingthe abscess cavity with antiseptic chlorhexidine bigluconate. The advantages of imozimaza use are marked. These kinds of treatment were performed by laparoscopic way; its efficiency was assessed according to trans-draining abscessoscopy.
Modification of the sling operation with the use of tubing vaginal scrapdue to urine incontinence in women
Authors: Kira Е. F. , Bezmenko А. A.
Published: December 2021

It is given in an article the description of the new modification technique for the sling operation with stipulating use of the tubing scrapfrom the front vaginal wall mucosa fixed in an ureterovesical segment zone. This intervention, in our opinion, especially convenient if II type of urine incontinence takes place where dislocation of the invariable urethra is combined with cystocele and there is excess of the vaginal wall, which may be easy used as plastic material. This operation elaborated by authors is performed exclusively by vaginal way, that allows decrease the traumas and complications number, increase the cosmetic effect, simplify the surgical intervention. Recent results of treatment according to this metho dies permit to hope on its efficiency also in days that are more far-off.
Well-deserved professor - Ivan Fiodorovich Lazarevich
Authors: Tsveliov Y. V. , Tikhonova T. K.
Published: December 2021

Ivan Pavlovich Lazarevich, a professor at Kharkov University, was a prominent representative of the distinctive Russian obstetric school, a brilliant teacher and a progressive public figure. The heyday of the scientific work of I.P. Lazarevich falls on the 70s - 80s of the 19th century. His works contributed to the development and progress of domestic obstetrics and gynecology. It is generally accepted that in the second half of the 19th century in Russia there were two outstanding obstetricians: A. Ya. Krassovsky and I. P. Lazarevich, who created independent schools. What do we know about his activities, what is still of value in his writings?
Colposcopic features of cervical oncotropic papilloma-virus infection in patients with various pathology of uterine cervix
Authors: Kolomiyets L. A. , Churuksayeva O. N. , Urazova L. N. , Sevostyanova N. V.
Published: December 2021

In order to estimate the colposcopic manifestations of cervical oncotropic human papilloma-virus (HPV)-infection, a total of 693 patients were examimed. Among them, there were 298 patients with benign tumors pathology, 57 patients with 1-3 Grade cervical dysplasia of mucosa, 50 patients with uterine cervix cancer, 288 healthy women.

All patients underwent bimanual examination, taking of cervical smears for cytological examination and uterine cervix colposcopy. Diagnosis for HPV16/18 infection was made by the method of polimerase chain reaction.

А large variety in colposcopic manifestations of HPV-infection was found, namely: areas of atypical vessels, leukoplakia sites,fields of atypical epithelium, iodine-negative sites. It was related to the influence of oncogenic types of HPV infection. In these patients,fields of atypical epithelium, atypical vessels, iodinenegative areas were observed 1.2, 2.5, 10.5 times more frequently, respectively.

It was found that all varieties of papillomas occurred among patients with pathology, whereas flat condylomas presenting the most difficulties of or diagnosis prevailed in patients with cervical neoplasms and uterine cervix cancer The most pronounced colposcopic evidences of uterine cervix epithelium malignancy were observed in patients with virus-positive uterine cervix cancer.
Treatment of benign hyperplasic processes of milk glands in patients with genital endometriosis
Authors: Lliin A. B. , Malakhova E. V.
Published: December 2021

Health condition of 137 f emale with genital endometriosis before hormonal therapy and under the influence of antagonists ( danazol) and agonists of gonadotropic hormones (gozerelin, decapeptyl, buserelin) treatment was studied. Frequent association of genital endometriosis and benign breast tumors (91 % ) and e fficiency of using antagonists and agonists of gonadotropins in the occasions of the simultaneous development of hyperplasic processes in the reproductive system were revealed.
Revealing histamine-sensible activity of Wood umbilical cord serum in experiments with ring segments of arteries and umbilical cord vein and with myometrium strips of pregnant women
Authors: Tsyrkin V. I. , Sazanova M. L. , Dvorianskiy S. A. , Khlybova S. V.
Published: December 2021

In experiments with 60 segments of arteries and 46 segments of the umbilical cord vein of 24 newborns and 35 strips of myometrium of 12 pregnant women, the effect of 100-fold dilutions of cord blood serum (SPK-1: 100) on the contractile effects of histamine (0.01, 0.1 and 1 ϻg l ml). SPK-1: - 100 increased the vasoconstrictor and uterostimulating effects of histamine.

H1-histaminosensitizing activity of SPK-1: 100 and the efficiency of activation of H1-histamine receptors of myocytes of the arteries and umbilical cord veins are increased in the presence of obstetric complications. A conclusion was made about the content of endogenous sensitizer H1-histamine receptors (ESGR) in the fetal blood, the level of which increases in the presence of obstetric complications, as well as the possible role of histamine and ESGR in the regulation of fetoplacental blood circulation in conditions of normal and pathological conditions.
Determination of papilloma-virus infection reproductive phase in algorithm of monitoring patients with cervical displasia
Authors: Selkov S. A. , Vedeneeva G. N. , Baskakova I. A. , Baur S. R.
Published: December 2021

HPV 16 and 18 are known to be the main cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. The terms of HPV persistence in the host and, coordinately, the risk of cervical neoplasia development and progression are determined in much extent by virus activity. The purpose of this investigation was the detection of HPV DNA presence in cervical epithelium as well as confirmation of its activity by means of immunocytochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The level of HPV inf ection by oncogenic and nononcogenic types in 181 women with different cervical pathology was 55,8%. The active stage of HPV infection was confirmed in 27,5% of HPV-inf ected women mainly with low grades of CIN. The proof of reproductive general HPV infection was more informative with RT PCR just as for HPV 16 and 18 immunocytochemistry and RT PCR completed each anothe.
Dufaston in premenstrual syndrome correction
Authors: Kovrigina L. P. , Tumilovich L. G. , Narsesian R. A.
Published: December 2021

This article presents results of preparation dufaston use in 30 women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Disappearance or weaknesses of certain (ones or another) PMS symptoms were observed in all women. So expediency of dufaston prescription was pointed out, it was possible, combined with antidepressants, for PMS correction.
Proteins including selen and pregnancy
Authors: Prokopenko V. M.
Published: December 2021

In this view, the up-to-date information on proteins including selen is presented. Here is considered the conduct of selen proteins of glutationperoxidases family during pregnancy and its complications.
Resistance of Chlamydia trachomatis to antibiotics
Authors: Stypitsyna E. V. , Savitcheva A. M.
Published: December 2021

Some aspects of Chlamydia trachomatis resistance to antihiotics are reviewed: possihle mechanisms, clinical significance of in vitro resistance, and the role of antihiotics in induction of persistence.
The evolution of abortion - "from juniper to mifepristone"
Authors: Tsvelev Yuri V. , Lyatoshinskaya P. V.
Published: December 2021

The study of a deliberately induced miscarriage is of extreme interest from a wide variety of points of view: first of all, from a cultural and historical point of view, then from a socio-legal and, finally, from a medical one. For what reasons and when a woman first resorted to artificial termination of pregnancy, it is not possible to establish precisely.
Justifying academic dishonesty: A survey of Canadian university students
Authors: CHOW Henry , JURDİ-HAGE Rozzet , HAGE H. Sam
Published: December 2021

Academic dishonesty is a growing problem in the higher education sector. Using a sample of 321 undergraduate students at a medium-sized Canadian university, this paper explores the respondents’ acceptability of the various reasons for engagement in academically dishonest behaviour. The findings revealed that respondents displayed moderately negative attitudes toward academic dishonesty and that the top three circumstances under which academically dishonest behaviour would be considered acceptable were pressure to maintain a scholarship, pressure from parents to perform well, and the heavy academic work load.

Multiple ordinary least-squares regression analysis revealed that male respondents and those who reported a higher family income, enrolled in more classes, witnessed academic misconduct more frequently, expressed dissatisfaction with academic performance, indicated dissatisfaction with school life, placed less emphasis on intrinsic motivation to pursue higher education, and adopted a surface approach to learning were found to be associated with a greater likelihood of accepting the various justifications for academic dishonesty.

The results of this investigation may be utilized by university administrators, academic advisors, and academic counselors to aid in the design of support services and interventions (e.g., explicit guidelines and practical teaching/learning resources) that will serve to prevent academic misconduct and to promote academic integrity.
Clinical profile of ocular trauma in a tertiary care hospital of Southern Rajasthan
Authors: Mohanty Lipa , Bhayani Janki , Shah Abhishek , Patel Nishant , Patel Aval
Published: December 2021

Background: Ocular trauma is a major cause of preventable visual impairment and blindness leading to permanent loss of vision and deterioration of quality of life. 90% of the injuries are preventable. Aim of the current study was to study the clinical profile of patients with ocular trauma at a tertiary care hospital in Southern Rajasthan. Current study was a cross- sectional, observational study was conducted at Geetanjali medical college and hospital, Udaipur.Methods: After taking a well-informed consent a generalized detailed history of 108 cases (123 injured eyes) was obtained. Assessment of best corrected visual acuity, near vision, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp evaluation and dilated fundus examination was carried out. Then injury was classified as per BETTS classification. Patients with corneal foreign bodies and chemical injuries were recorded separately. Imaging modalities like ultrasound B-scan, CT-scan and MRI were employed wherever required. Results: Number of males (98) was much higher than females (9) in our study. Male: female ratio was found to be 10.8:1. The most commonly affected age group was 21-30 years, this highlights the alarmingly high incidence of ocular injuries in economically active young males. Farming is the primary occupation across India, hence it deserves a special mention. 22% of injury cases in our study were farm- work related injuries. Farmers need to be educated and provided eye protective equipment during high-risk activities. Laws regarding agricultural code of practice should be implemented and followed.Conclusions: In our study, not a single case out of 108 had used eye protection at the time of injury. Every effort should be made to create awareness regarding use of safety measures during driving and engaging in high-risk occupations. This will help prevent sight-threatening complications of ocular trauma and the deleterious impact on quality of life.
Memory Album: To the 80th Anniversary of Vyacheslav Y. Belokrenitsky
Authors: Dubrovskaya Dinara V.
Published: December 2021

On November 5, 2021, Vyacheslav Y. Belokrenitsky, an outstanding Russian orientalist, doctor of historical sciences, professor, organizer of science, head of the Center for Middle East Studies of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, celebrated his 80th birthday. The works of the scholar on the history and social development of Pakistan, India, the Middle East, on the problems of demography, Islam, international relations and general problems of the socio-political development of the countries of South Asia and the Middle East in the twentieth century are deservedly considered classic. Many of them have been translated into English and other European and Eastern languages and have received well-deserved recognition abroad, while such books as “Pakistan. Features and Problems of Urbanization” (Moscow, 1982) and “The East in World Political Processes” (Moscow, 2010) entered the golden fund of world academic research. The editorial group of Oriental Courier congratulate Vyacheslav Yakovlevich on his birthday and wish him inexhaustible health, inspiration and new brilliant research.
Alexander Sedov: “We Tell People about Their Culture”
Authors: Starodubtseva Marina V.
Published: December 2021

An interview with Alexander V. Sedov, the Director-General of The State Museum of Oriental Art devoted to the launch of the new master’s program of the Faculty of Oriental Studies of the State Academic University for the Humanities (GAUGN) and the Department of Oriental History of the Institute of Oriental Studies Russian Academy of Sciences “Socio-Cultural Development of East Asian Countries”, which is headed by Alexander Sedov as an academic curator (Dinara V. Dubrovskaya, the head of the Department of Oriental History of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, is the supervisor of the program). The interview focused on the attractiveness of the Eastern art and culture and their broadcasting to a wider audience through the exhibitions of the Oriental museum, reaching the level of discussion of the problems of preserving cultural heritage, questions of the feasibility and relevance of museumification of archaeological sites such as Palmyra in Syria, monuments in Oman and Yemen.
The Foreign Policy Doctrine of Traditional China
Authors: Nepomnin Oleg E.
Published: December 2021

The article is a continuation of the cycle of theoretical works by Oleg E. Nepomnin (1935–2020) published in previous issues of the “Oriental Courier” [Nepomnin, 2019, 2020, 2021]. Oleg Nepomnin was among the most brilliant theorists of the development of Eastern societies. The author considers the foreign policy doctrine of traditional China as an integral part of China’s social perceptions of the world order. Based on the concepts of “world–cosmos” and “world-society”, the Chinese foreign policy doctrine was based on the fundamental idea of the oneness of the world order. In the “world of men”, world laws were embodied by the Chinese emperor — the Son of Heaven — and Chinese statehood. Next to China and its emperor, there could be no equal states and no equal monarchs. In this view of the world, China had borders and the Celestial Empire had none, implying the worldwide scope of the power of the Son of Heaven. On this ideological basis emerged the foreign policy dichotomy “civilized centre — savage periphery”, or “China — barbarians”. The author examines the origins of this influential concept from antiquity to the fall of the empire in China in the 20th century. A “tribute” system of interaction with other states was a logical continuation of ideas about the world order in China and its place in it. But the author stresses that despite China’s desire to maintain the illusions of a functioning “tribute” system, strengthen the prestige of imperial power and carry out monopolistic state trade with “barbarians”, “barbarian” embassies themselves often arrived in China with purely pragmatic goals: to establish trade, receive rich gifts from the emperor, elevate official status, get investiture and the Chinese title. In fact, China lost its status as the hegemon of the ‘tribute” system and the “Centre of the Universe’ after the Opium Wars in the 19th century. China was relegated to the level of the “sick man of Asia”, although the “tribute system” itself continued to function long after that. Even as the “Chinese world order” rapidly collapsed in the 70–90s of the 19th century, and previous Chinese “tributaries” were turned into colonies and semi-colonies of the capitalist West, Beijing’s rulers clung frantically to the “tribute” system. Up to the fall of the empire, the Manchu rulers could not get rid of the burden of traditional notions of China as the “Centre of the Universe” surrounded by the periphery and “barbarian rebellion”.
South Yemeni Historian Ahmad Fadl al-‘Abdali (1881–1943) on His Native Land (Based on the Historical Work Hadiyyat al-Zaman fi Akhbar muluk Lahdj wa ‘Adan)
Authors: Mikulski Dimitri V.
Published: December 2021

Ahmad Fadl al-‘Abdali (1881–1943) is a remarkable cultural figure of Southern Yemen. A close relative of the sovereigns of Sultanate of Lahdj, he displayed himself as a poet, a musician, a horticulturist, a general, a politician and, finally, a historian. While describing his native Lahdj and Aden, ruled by the British, in the historical work of Hadiyyat al-Zaman fi Akhbar muluk Lahdj wa ‘Adan al-‘Abdali revealed himself as a genuine adherent of the traditional Arabic school of history-writing, who nevertheless acquired some “alien” lessons and innovations. While telling the story of Ahmad Fadl al-‘Ablali and his work on history, the Author of the article puts his study into a broad historical framework, besides sharing with the reader his own impressions on the visit to Southern Yemen undertaken in 1982.
How to Pickle a Dragon: Classic Arabo-Antique Recipe
Authors: Matrosov Valeriy A.
Published: December 2021

This article focuses on systematization and presentation of slightly scattered information concerning two amazing “creations of Allah” — Tinnin and Su‘ban, which can be considered as two “classic” dragons of the Arab-Islamic tradition. Despite the fact that these creatures were mentioned in folklore, fairy-tale material, and also legends about them were transmitted using oral tradition, the information about the Tinnin and Su‘ban can be gleaned only in medieval treatises over the centuries. Such sources, perhaps, deprive the reader of the opportunity to get acquainted in detail with these amazing creatures as an element of the beliefs of the ordinary inhabitants of the Caliphate, but this allows tracing cross-cultural ties: the Tinnin and Su‘ban are closely intertwined not only with the Semitic tradition, but also with the ancient one. Even though these two creatures have something in common with the Semitic and ancient Greek dragons (and moreover, with the winged reptiles we are used to from the legends of Western Europe, and with the mustachioed beasts from China), they are not devoid of a certain authenticity. Not only the legends associated with them, but also which contain archetypal plots are original. The main body of the article consists of three sections — the first one looks into the characterization of Tinnin, the third one into the description of Su‘ban. The second section contains legends about Tinnin, which look like complete storylines. The basic source of information was the “Miracles of Creations” by Zakariya al-Qazwini, but several details and plot twists were borrowed from other authors — beginning with the great populist of Islamic science al-Jahiz and ending with the authors of geographical and biological treatises of the 14th–15th centuries. In conclusion the authors give some considerations regarding the role of Tinnin and Su‘ban in the development of Islamic cosmology, as well as assumptions are made about how the two “dragon” traditions developed in parallel in the Arab-Muslim environment, and whether it is worth identifying or separating the creatures mentioned in the article.
Palace Banquet in the Heian Japan. The Origins. Part 1
Authors: Grachyov Maxim V.
Published: December 2021

The process of meal consumption was one of the key elements in the life of early medieval Japanese society as it included special rituals. Thus, food had an enormous symbolic purpose among the utilitarian ones. Court banquets were held to enhance the prestige of the host or strengthen social ties between the participants. The educational potential of the court feast was no less important. This practice was well-grounded in the early Japanese court religious and ceremonial tradition and partially continued its ideals. Court regulations preserved and furthered such traditions, for example, the Bokuzansho (Notes of the Northern Hills) is the best known among them. It is possible that the strict regulation of food amount and type not only enlarged the sphere of the sacred but also made court life more disciplined. The common meal strengthened the ideals of the court environment: the emperor and his inner circle were distinguished from the general community. To sum up, the description of the court allows us to better understand the life in the imperial palace, the provisions and ideals in dignitaries’ minds, and the various social norms and problems that existed in the court society. In the article, the author describes the phenomenon of Japanese palace meals in the 9th to 12th centuries. Therefore, based on this analysis, he presents a reconstruction of the lifestyle of Japanese court society.
Tikḍe šīše kī vyathā / The Tale of the Cracked Mirror (A Сhapter from Chāṅgiā rukh / Against the Night)
Authors: Madhopuri Balbir
Published: December 2021

The commented translation of a chapter from the Chāṅgiā rukh (Against the Night) autobiography (2002) by Balbir Madhopuri, a renowned Indian writer, poet, translator, journalist, and social activist, brings forward episodes from the life of Dalit inhabitants of a Punjab village in the 1960–1970s. Following the school of hard knocks of his childhood in the chamar quarter of Madhopur, a village in Jalandhar district, Balbir Madhopuri managed to receive a good education and take to literature. He has authored 14 books, including three volumes of poetry, translated 36 pieces of world literary classics into Punjabi, his mother language, and edited 44 books in Punjabi. In 2014, he was awarded the Translation Prize from India’s Sahitya Academy for his contribution to the development and promotion of Punjabi. His new fiction novel Miṭṭī bol paī (Earth Has Spoken, 2020) focuses on the struggle of downtrodden Punjabis for their human rights and the ad-dharam movement in the North of India in the 1920–1940s. Narrating his autobiography, Balbir Madhopuri shares memories, thoughts, and emotions from childhood and youth days that determined his motivations to struggle against poverty, deprivation, and injustice. The chapter Tikḍe šīše kī vyathā (The Tale of the Cracked Mirror [Madhopuri, 2010]) tells readers about the everyday life of Madhopur, complicated relationships between the village inhabitants, as well as about the destinies of low-caste Punjabis. Memories of joys and sorrows, hopes and fears of the childhood years go side by side with Balbir Madhopuri’s reflections on social oppression and caste inequality that remain in contemporary India’s society.
The “Proto-Mandala” of Daschly-3: How to Embody the Idea of the World Lord in Architectural Form
Authors: Brentjes Burchard
Published: December 2021

Buchard Brentjes describes a unique find of the Soviet-Afghan team of archaeologists during their expedition to Northern Afghanistan — an impressive in size structure which resembled a mandala in shape. It is surprising that the discovered structure was almost three thousand years older than the Tibetan mandalas known at the time. Brentjes notes that structures with similar unusual architecture were also found in southern Uzbekistan — the settlement of ancient farmers of the 2nd–1st millennium BC, namely Sappalitepa. Brentjes focuses his paper to the question what the purpose of such exceptional structures of the Bronze Age in Central Asia was. For this purpose, the author examines the original meaning of mandalas in Tibetan religious life and confirms that the mandalas built in Tibet of sand were created exclusively for cults and not for a protective function. Mandalas were used once and destroyed after performing rituals dedicated to the Lama and the Buddha. Therefore, mandalas cannot be found in archaeological excavations. Drawing on the writings of Tucci [1972], Olschak, and Wangyal [1972], Brentjes concludes that the Lamaist mandala is a mythical representation of the world with its ruler, i.e., Lama at the moment of “coronation”. The transition of the ruler in the centre who must protect the moving world from decaying forces. And the square is an image of the world to be protected. Brentjes describes in the article similar forms of structures and objects in different countries: ancient China, Iran, on the Hindustan peninsula, depicting, according to the author, a mystical picture of the world. The author concludes that it does not make a breakthrough difference to speculate about the common basis of mandalas, square or round cities as symbols of the world, palaces, and mausoleums with a square layout and domed halls. But the discovery of the “mandalas” of Sappalitepa and Daschly-3, as well as the round-square city, allows us to make assumptions the structures were made in the later Bactrian period of the 2nd millennium BC and continued to exist in the Eurasian steppe and India, as well as in China.
Art, Love and Jewels. Treasure of the Iranian Shahs in the “Shahrazad” Ballet
Authors: Ravandi-Fadai Lana M.
Published: December 2021

Using the framework of the plot and staging peculiarities of the recent ballet sensation — “Scheherazade” to the music of Nikolai A. Rimsky-Korsakov, the author gives detailed characteristics and provides the history of the most significant treasures of the Iranian crown. The author researches the origin and the location of two parts of the famous pink ‘table’ diamond — the Big Diamond Tablet, divided into two parts (Darya-i-Nur and Nur-al-Ain), the history and stages of making the wedding tiara and the coronation headdress of Farah Pahlavi are traced. The article provides information on the origin and storage of the most iconic treasures of the Iranian crown after the Islamic Revolution — starting from the throne on which Mohammed Reza Pahlavi was the last to sit, to the two most famous shah’s crowns — the Kiani crown and the crown of the last Shah. The author especially notes the importance of the interpretation of precious artifacts in the ballet, staged by Alexei Miroshnichenko, to awaken the interest of the Russian public in the culture and art of Iran.
“He Created the Institute in a New Capacity, It Was His Brainchild”: On Bobodzhan G. Gafurov, Director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1956–1977)
Authors: Yakovlev Alexander I.
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on the memoir of the Director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, academician Bobodzhan G. Gafurov (1956–1977), his work, and the activities of the Institute of Oriental Studies in 1969–1970s. The author shares his memories of Bobodzhan Gafurov and the orientalists’ team of those years, thereby recreating the atmosphere of the Institute’s everyday life at the end of the 60s. The article reveals not only the professionalism of the director of the Institute of Oriental Studies and his contribution to the development of Soviet Oriental studies but also the personality of B. G. Gafurov: an influential and at the same time not indifferent man with an excellent sense of humor. Bobodzhan Gafurov, Doctor of Historical Sciences and First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Tajikistan in 1946–1956, was appointed to the post of director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences given the sharply increased importance of the East for the Party and his interest in scientific research. A party leader and scientist, Gafurov possessed diplomatic skills and a deep understanding of the specifics of the East. Having made an invaluable contribution to the preservation of oriental studies as a scientific discipline, Gafurov supported the freedom of scientific discussion among orientalists, as far as possible in his time.
Dinara Dubrovskaya: Forty Years in Oriental Studies. Part I
Authors: Mikhailov Stanislav V.
Published: December 2021

This first part of the interview with Dr Dinara V. Dubrovskaya — a Sinologist, art critic, journalist and author, editor-in-chief of the Oriental Courier magazine and, since 2021, head of the Department of Oriental History at IOS RAS — is timed to coincide with her 60th anniversary. The conversation touches on questions of education in Asiatic studies at the Institute of Asian and African Countries at the Lomonosov Moscow State University; the role of Oriental studies in society in the late 20th and early 21st centuries; and some peculiarities of the development of Oriental studies in the Soviet and post-Soviet times. The interview talks about the most prominent scholars Dr Dubrovskaya worked with, the special aspects of Oriental studies, and raises some controversial questions of gatekeeping in humanities, as well as the global phenomena of Orientalism and “Occidentalism”.
What Will Happen with the Hong Kong Stock Exchange After 2047?
Authors: Chirkova Christina D.
Published: December 2021

The author analyzes the history of Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEX) development and the possible consequences of Hong Kong autonomy liquidation. Since Hong Kong’s economy is based on free-market principles and is notable for low taxation and state non-interference, the stock exchange is one of the main institutions contributing to the economic development of Hong Kong as a special administrative region. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Chinese authorities have made active attempts to change the special autonomous status of Hong Kong. In 2003, mainland Chinese authorities tried to promote the Law on Protection of National Security. The initiative drew criticism from Hong Kong residents and led to large-scale protests. A wave of protests in Hong Kong in 2014 was provoked by Beijing’s attempt to control local elections in the autonomous region. In 2019, the PRC government attempted to pass an extradition law, which triggered a new wave of social tension. Beijing’s interventions affected the Hong Kong Stock Exchange Index and the economic health of the special administrative region. There are known cases in which the fall of a major stock index led to economic collapse. For example, the 1929 stock market crash, known as the Wall Street crash, caused the Great Depression in the United States, while the Dow Jones index drop of October 19, 1987, also had influence on the world economy by affecting the stock indices of other countries. In recent years, it has become increasingly difficult to separate Hong Kong’s political autonomy from its economic strength. The current “one country — two systems” policy ensures the status quo for Hong Kong’s stock exchange and prevents Beijing from regulating it. But the abolition of autonomy in 2047 will entail not only political but also economic changes that could affect all of Hong Kong’s financial structures.
Technology in Education: EdTech in GCC States and COVID-19 Challenges
Authors: Shalupkin Vadim V.
Published: December 2021

In recent years, “EdTech” and “E-Learning” concepts have become part of people’s routine. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the conception of social development, the nature of progress, and the application of information technologies. How reasonable is the development of distance learning? This question was raised by many actors. Meanwhile, during the most acute outbreaks of the pandemic, there was a sharp adoption of entire measures for the EdTech introduction around the world, including the Arab states.
This article looks into characteristics of the situation in the field of educational innovative technologies in the states of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) in the period preceding the pandemic and in the last year and a half. The emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the development of the situation in each of the countries: despite the obvious similarity of the economic, political, and cultural fields, all six Member States of the Council had different attitudes to the goals of education, to the reform of this area, and to the use of technology and EdTech in education process. The article is divided into two main parts according to the chronological principle: The first briefly describes the processes of implementing educational technologies until 2020 characterizing the overall dynamics of the development of the sector in each of the six countries. The second part similarly covers the period of the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic as well as introduces the measures and steps taken in the GCC countries, provides analysis of their effectiveness and the reasons for their success or failure.
The problem of the research seems to be extremely relevant despite the little amount of academic works devoted to this topic. Further study of the experience of Arab countries will not only allow to make several assumptions about the effectiveness of certain measures in other countries (e.g., in Russia) but also can become the basis for a broad comparative study covering the entire region of the Middle East and North Africa.
The Trebizond Operation through the Eyes of Turkish Historians
Authors: Sibgatullina Alfina T.
Published: December 2021

This year marks the 105th anniversary of the operation conducted during the First World War: during this operation Russian troops, after a series of successful actions on land and at sea, captured the Black Sea port of Trebizond (today Trabzon). The capture of Trebizond helped to improve the basic conditions of the Black Sea Fleet and enabled an unimpeded delivery of reinforcements by sea to the right flank of the Russian army in the Caucasus. As a result, the Russian empire was close to establishing control over a significant part of the Ottoman Turkey’s territory. In the aftermath of the operation, the local Muslim population left Trebizond together with the Turkish army. The Russians, who entered the city without a fight, set for the transforming the city in their own way. Turkish historians, using the material of the Ottoman, Russian, and foreign periodicals, as well as archival documents, have studied in detail the intricacies of the Russians stay in the city, revealing also the damage caused by the war to the cultural and historical heritage of the region. This article provides a brief analysis of selected Turkish studies dedicated to the 100th and 105th anniversary of the Trebizond operation. It also discusses the issue of war refugees and the activities of Russian scientists, who were engaged in the collection of historical monuments in Trebizond during the war.
Buryat Mosaic: From the Seals to the Buuz
Authors: Kruglova Maria S.
Published: December 2021

The article talks about the author's scientific and tourist trip to the Republic of Buryatia. Some cultural and natural attractions are described. An attempt is made to identify the main trends in the cultural development of Buryatia. The problem of preserving cultural identity by the people of Buryatia is raised. As a favorable factor in the preservation of cultural identity, the peculiar cultural stability of the national culture of the indigenous population of Buryatia is indicated, which can be traced both by examples from everyday life, in particular the immunity of the population to large fast-food chains, and the attention of representatives of the Buryat people to the preservation of spiritual traditions, attention to which runs through the life of modern Buryats. However, there are also negative factors. The main one is the outflow of the young population to other subjects of the Russian Federation. Thus, according to Buryatstat data, natural population growth in 2020 could not compensate for the volume of negative migration. Despite the stable economic development of the region, including due to the growth of exports, this situation, unfortunately, is not unique.
Specific Features of Middle Eastern Street-Art
Authors: Safonova Nataliya V.
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on the distinctive features of street-art, presented by artists from the Middle East. The origin and development of this artform in the Middle East differs from the Western one. In European countries and the United States (within the framework of Western culture) street-art was originally a way of personal self-expression, of saying «I was here», the possibility of individual opposition to the system and even its conceptual destruction. On the contrary, in the East, graffiti is characterized by a collective or communal character. It became a type of a mirror reflecting the city’s life and its inhabitants. It is believed that the first graffiti, as means of communication, an exchange of current news, appeared in Palestine. But the tradition of graffiti on walls has existed in the Middle East before. Today, many artists have been influenced by Western aesthetics and one of the modern trends in the development of street art is English-language graffiti. In this article, special attention is paid to the origins and development of Middle Eastern street-art, its message, tasks and goals, and what conceptually distinguishes it from similar art in the West. Particular emphasis is placed on one type of the street art — graffiti.
The Limitation of Widely Used Data Normality Tests in Clinical Research
Authors: Zakaria Mohd Normani
Published: December 2021

The article's abstract is not available.