bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Witt - Introducting Hat Graphs
Authors: Witt Jessica K.
Published: December 2018

Visualizing data through graphs can be an effective way to communicate one’s results. A ubiquitous graph and common technique to communicate behavioral data is the bar graph. The bar graph was first invented in 1786 and little has changed in its format. Here, a replacement for the bar graph is proposed. The new format, called a hat graph, maintains some of the critical features of the bar graph such as its discrete elements, but eliminates redundancies that are problematic when the baseline is not at 0. Hat graphs also include elements designed to improve Gestalt grouping principles and engage object-based attention. The effectiveness of the hat graph was tested in two empirical studies for which participants had to find and identify the condition that lead to the biggest improvement from baseline to final test. Performance with hat graphs was 30 - 40% faster than with bar graphs.
Community Size and Environmental Spending Views: Urban, Suburban, and Rural Attitudes on Environmental Protection and Improvement
Authors: Sisitzky Alexa
Published: December 2018

Is community size tied to attitude towards environmental spending? Previous research has shown that whether one lives in an urban, suburban, or rural setting affects one’s environmental spending views and behaviors. I propose that living in an urban setting causes one to believe that the United States government is spending too little on the protection and improvement of the environment. Using 1,240 responses from interviews conducted in the 2016 General Social Survey, regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between community size and environmental spending views while controlling for political view, family income, and years of education completed. The results from the bivariate analysis show no correlation between community size and environmental spending views, but a weak, positive correlation between political views and environmental spending views, suggesting that identifying as liberal is what drives environmental spending views. Additionally, bivariate results show a very weak, positive correlation between highest year of school completed and environmental spending views. In the multivariate results, this relationship disappeared, but political view remained a statistically significant variable on environmental spending views. These results do not support my hypothesis, though they challenge much of the literature on the subject. Future research should further explore sociological determinants of environmental spending views such as political view, and examine the waning of the community size effect.
Does the Stigma of Hooking Up Predict Sexual Assault at College?
Authors: Chen Wanjun
Published: December 2018

This study examines the relationship between the stigma of hooking up and reported sexual assault. Guided by Goffman’s (1963) social stigma theory and Gagnon and Simon’s (1973) sexual script theory, I propose that 1) the more strongly the respondent agrees he or she would disrespect women who hook up frequently, the fewer times he or she reports nonconsensual sex; 2) the more strongly the respondent agrees he or she would disrespect for men who hook up frequently, the fewer times he or she reports nonconsensual sex; and 3) the more strongly the respondent agrees he or she would be less interested in someone who hooks up frequently as a boyfriend/girlfriend, the fewer times he or she reports nonconsensual sex. Using the Online College Social Life Survey data collected between 2005 and 2011, I analyze the attitudes about and reports of sexual behaviors in a non-probability sample of 16,914 students at 21 U.S. colleges and universities. Controlling for sex, age, current religion preference, and Greek affiliation, disrespect towards women who hook up frequently is positively and significantly related to fewer reports of nonconsensual sex. However, the results do not support the second and third hypotheses as there is no statistically significant relationship between disrespect towards men who hook up frequently as well as the lack of interest in people who hook up frequently and the incidents of reported nonconsensual sex. The findings suggest that the efforts to reduce the stigma of hooking up should be taken into consideration in rape prevention programming.
Uptake of Health Services by People from the Dalit Community
Authors: Thapa Raksha , Van Teijlingen E. , Regmi P. , Heaslip V.
Published: December 2018

Studies and reports on uptake of health services in Nepal and other low-income countries often focus on limitations due to physical factors, such as travel distance to health facility, or lack of medical facilities or electricity at the health care centre or focus on resources, such as lack of service providers, or lack of appropriately trained staff.

In this editorial article, we highlight the importance of discrimination as a reason for people not seeking available health care. Discrimination is particularly a barrier to service usage among the most deprived people in society, such as the Dalit community in Nepal and South Asia more generally. We discuss the caste-based discrimination in Nepal and its effects on health outcomes of those groups who experience such discrimination.
Comparison of the Outcome between Conventional Open Technique and Minimally Invasive Technique Using Dynamic Hip Screw for Fixation of Inter-Trochanteric Fracture of Femur
Authors: Maharjan Rajiv , Paneru S.R. , Rijal R. , Chaudhary P. , Khanal G.P.
Published: December 2018

Background: Inter-trochanteric fracture of femur causes significant morbidity and mortality in elderly. Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) fixation is the most effective and safe method of treatment. Conventional open technique (CDHS) is the popular and familiar one; however, minimal incision technique (MIDHS) has many advantages like: smaller incision, lesser dissection/blood loss, less requirement of transfusion, less painful, faster recovery etc.

Objectives: To Compare CDHS and MIDHS technique of DHS fixation for inter-trochanteric fracture femur in terms of functional outcome, safety and associated complications (if any).

Methods: Eligible patients presenting within study period were randomized into CDHS group (n= 33) and MIDHS group (n= 32). Success of randomization was tested by analyzing demographics, injury characteristics and pre-op. clinical data (p> 0.05). They were followed up at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 52 weeks post-op. for clinico-radiological and functional assessment.

Results: The duration of surgery, lag screw positioning, post-operative hospital stay and surgical site infection were not significantly different between the groups. However, need for blood transfusion, length of incision and post-operative VAS score for pain were significantly lesser for MIDHS group than CDHS group (p< 0.05). Patients in MIDHS group started walking with aids significantly earlier in post-operative recovery period. The Harris Hip Score at final follow-up and grading of the results and surgical complications were not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusion: The minimal incision technique had various immediate / short term advantages over conventional technique; like: minimal scar, minimal soft tissue dissection / less blood loss requiring less transfusion, lesser pain in post-operative period and ability to ambulate early.
Pattern of Morbidity and Mortality due to Road Traffic Accident at College of Medical Sciences, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Pohrel Ava Upadhyay , Acharya A. , Yadav A.
Published: December 2018

Background: Road traffic accident (RTA) which is recognized as a public health problem is one of the fastest growing epidemics in the South-East Asian Region. Every hour, 40 people in the region die as a result of collision.

Objectives: To estimate the morbidity and mortality of RTA victims and also to assess the pattern of the RTAs at College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 100 RTA victims who attended College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur during 2013.

Results: Majority of RTA victims were male (76%) and in the age group between 20 and 39 years (48%). Maximum numbers of accidents occurred between 12 noon to 12 midnight (79%). More accident occurred on Friday (23%). Most of the RTAs occurred on motor bike (42.0%) and the most common nature of accident was through collision of the vehicle and fall/slide of moving vehicle (56.0%). Abrasion was the most common injury occurred during the RTA (91%). Almost two-thirds of the victims had laceration, nearly half had swelling and 26% had fractures. Four percentages of victims had fatality. Bad condition of road (37.0%) and speedy driving (23.0%) were the leading causes of RTA. There were 15.0% of victims who were under the influence of alcohol in RTA.

Conclusion: There was high number of male victims with motorbike as the major contributor. Abrasion, laceration and fatality were found. Bad condition of road, speed driving and alcohol habit during driving were found to be the leading causes of RTA.
Profile of Medico-legal Cases Coming to Emergency ward of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
Authors: Yadav Ajay Kumar , Shah B. , Budhathoki S.S. , Chaudhuri S. , Aryal B.D. , Malla G.B.
Published: December 2018

Background: Medico-legal case usually presents as an emergency case in any hospital. Profiling of these cases provides with evidence on the burden of the medico-legal cases and identifying ways to better manage these cases in the emergency ward of hospitals.

Objective: To study the profile of medico-legal cases coming to the emergency ward of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal.

Material & Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all medico-legal cases presenting in the emergency ward of BPKIHS from April 2015 to March 2016. The cases were profiled for socio-demography, injury and diagnosis from the medico-legal register at the emergency ward of BPKIHS.

Results: Medico-legal cases comprise almost 10% of all cases at the emergency ward of BPKIHS. A total of 3,715 cases were included in this study. Half (50.0%) of the cases fell in to the category of 25-59 years. Males were almost twice (62.7%) in number, compared to females (37.3%). The top three diagnoses among medico-legal cases are road traffic accidents (41.81%), physical assault (21.13%) and poisoning (20.08%). Other diagnoses were burns, fall injury, sexual assault, self inflicted injury, hanging, gunshot injury, stab injury, machinery injury, drug overdose, blast injury, brought dead, trauma by animal, electrical injury, snake bite and human bite.

Conclusions: There are significant numbers and wide varieties of medico-legal cases that present in the emergency ward of BPKIHS. Given the large number of cases presenting at BPKIHS, there is a potential for future research on medico-legal cases for academic and policy purpose.
Real time Ultrasound Guided Percutaneous Native Renal Biopsy- Approach, Safety and Complications
Authors: Pant Ashok Raj , Rauniyar R.K. , Gupta M.K. , Bartaula B. , Subedi M. , Dhakal S.
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Ultrasound guided percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) is a relatively safe procedure; however, life threatening complications may occur even in current practice. There has been considerable decrease in the risk associated with percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) in last few decades due to modifications in the biopsy needle as well as advancement in the image guidance.

Objectives: To determine the complications and efficacy and to determine relationship between the clinical/ laboratory findings with rate of complications.

Material and methods: We retrospectively evaluated hospital records of total of 150 patients who underwent PRB between September 2014 to August 2016 in the department of Radio diagnosis and Imaging at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal. The renal biopsies had been performed with the current automated biopsy gun under real-time ultrasound guidance. The collected data were entered in MS excel.

Results: In the total 150 patients, the efficacy (adequacy of the sample) of the procedure was 97.3%. The complications were seen in 13 cases (8.6 %). Five out of these complications were major with 2 cases requiring blood transfusion. The univariate analysis demonstrated the risk factors for developing complications as follows: low platelet count, prolong PT/INR, elevated Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine value and elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, elevated diastolic blood pressure and prolong PT/INR were associated with complications in multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions: The percutaneous renal biopsy is the safe and efficacious procedure to establish histological diagnosis of renal parenchymal disease.
Opportunistic Fungal Infection in HIV Positive Patients Attending a Tertiary care Hospital in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Sah Rinku , Gurung R. , Poudyal N. , Baral R. , Rijal S. , Bhattacharya S.K.
Published: December 2018

Background: HIV infection continues to be a major health problem with more than millions of AIDS related death annually. The risk of opportunistic infections increases with the depletion of CD4+ count in HIV positive patients which are responsible for the high mortality and morbidity. The spectrum of opportunistic infection (OIs) varies from one region to another. This study was carried out to see the occurrence of opportunistic fungal infection among the HIV positive patients in Eastern Nepal.

Method: This was a hospital based descriptive study carried out in Microbiology laboratory, BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal over a period of one year (15th May 2013 to 14th May 2014). Total 60 HIV positive patients with CD4+ count ≤200 cells/mm3 and suspected of having fungal infections were included. Samples were collected after taking an informed written consent from the patient. Isolation and identification was done as per standard Microbiological procedure.

Result: Opportunistic fungal infection was identified in 51.66% patients. The most common fungi isolated were Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus species and Dermatophytes respectively being 33.3% (n= 20), 10% (n= 6), 3.3% (n= 2) and 8.3% (n= 5). Candida species comprised 60%, Cryptococcus neoformans 20%, Aspergillus species 5.7% and dermatophytes 14.3% of total fungal isolates.

Conclusion: The common fungus isolated were Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus species and Dermatophytes in HIV positive patients in this hospital of Eastern Nepal.
Constructing the global constitutional canon: Between authority and criticism
Authors: Hailbronner Michaela
Published: December 2018

The future of global law seems currently in doubt. Despite this development, and indeed partly because of it, comparative constitutional law and human rights are blossoming as academic disciplines. This makes it a good moment to ask if global constitutional law (by which I mean to refer both to comparative constitutional law and international human rights law) has a canon and whether it needs one. I argue that we do not as yet have much in the way of a canon but that we need one or, at least, a debate about one. I begin by offering a first and tentative assessment of the state of the debate and then discuss in more detail what type of canon might fit global constitutional law. I reject the more traditional, religious conception of a canon as an assembly of normatively authoritative texts as incompatible with comparative law. I argue instead that a canon of global constitutional law should fulfil three key functions: (a) serving as a disciplinary platform establishing the foundations of a shared discourse among comparative constitutionalists and human rights lawyers; (b) encouraging self-reflection by making room for different voices and criticism as well as giving us a sense of the historical development of our fields; and (c) supporting the normative agenda of human rights and democratic constitutionalism. From this, I draw four factors relevant to the canonical status of individual judicial decisions in global constitutional law. Finally, I examine the famous US decision Obergefell v Hodges as a candidate for a global canon as compared to other decisions on same-sex marriage, thus applying my previous arguments to a concrete case.
A Escola Normal de Uberlândia e a formação de professores entre os anos de 1970 e 1990
Authors: De Carvalho Carlos Henrique , Betanho Inácio Clarissa
Published: December 2018

Este estudo é parte da dissertação defendida no ano de 2017, que propôs investigar as estratégias para a formação de professores entre os anos de 1970 e 1990, recorte esse definido por meio da análise de legislações educacionais e documentos da Escola Normal de Uberlândia como diários de classe e regimentos internos da instituição de ensino Colégio Estadual Uberlândia, e entrevistas com ex-professores que ministraram aulas no curso normal da referida escola. Contou-se também com o estudo de um referencial teórico do município em questão para compreensão do momento histórico ali vivido. Para tal, foram utilizados autores como Soares (1995), Gatti e Inácio Filho (2002, 2007). Para compressão do contexto nacional, foi utilizado como referência Napolitano (2014), e para a discussão sobre formação de professores, Saviani (2009). Assim, foi possível compreender o processo de organização da formação docente no município de Uberlândia, tendo em vista as características sociais, econômicas, políticas e educacionais do período. Podemos afirmar que a Escola Normal oscilou entre a necessidade de formação de seus professores e as dificuldades de se instalar e se consolidar enquanto instituição, capaz de atender ao projeto de expansão do sistema educacional.
Entrevista sobre Investigación en Pedagogía Hospitalaria: la necesidad de avanzar en la construcción de Alternativas e Innovaciones Metodológicas
Authors: Ocampo González Aldo
Published: December 2018

La pedagogía hospitalaria como campo de conocimiento demanda la proliferación de nuevas matrices de reflexividad y dispositivos metodológicos. Para comprender estos desafíos, conversamos con el especialista español, Dr. Sebastiá Verger, académico de la Universidad de Islas Baleares, quien, recientemente, ha sido galardonado por la Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras (FEDER) por el impacto suscitado por la implantación del proyecto INeDITHOS (Intervención e Investigación para la Inclusión Educativa y Tecnológica Pedagogía Hospitalaria. Para Verger, la Pedagogía Hospitalaria (PH) enfrenta complejas transformaciones –según características del escenario pedagógico y social actual–, siendo una de ellas, concebir este campo de trabajo a través de argumentos más amplios y, especialmente, a lo largo del ciclo vital –superando su recurrencia insistencia comprehensiva asociada a la etapa de escolarización–. Agrega que, el término ‘Pedagogía Hospitalaria’ en la actualidad no se adecua a su significado, deviniendo en la emergencia de nuevas tensiones y nudos críticos. En efecto, la Pedagogía Hospitalaria, en tanto, campo de conocimiento, expresa un abordaje transdisciplinar orientado a la atención integral y oportuna de cualquier personas a travesada por alguna situación de enfermedad. A juicio del investigador, se requiere avanzar en la consolidación de una oferta formativa cada vez más especializada –a nivel inicial y continua de los educadores–, exigiendo el fortalecimiento de la competencia digital y los mecanismos de una intervención pedagógica, didáctica y crítica coherente con cada uno de los ciclos psicoevolutivos del ser humano. Desde las políticas públicas, la Pedagogía Hospitalaria demanda una concepción de igualdad para todos. En este caso, la concepción de ‘totalidad’, no debe reducirse a una ‘totalidad en bloque’, sino más bien, de acuerdo con los dispositivos epistémicos que delimitan los ejes de funcionamiento de la justicia educativa y la inclusión, ha de concebirse en términos de totalidad concebida como singularidades múltiples. Finalmente, la entrevista presenta los últimos avances del proyecto Intervención e Investigación para la Inclusión Educativa y Tecnológica Pedagogía Hospitalaria y la creación de nuevos horizontes teóricos y políticos en la materia.
Desafios para a educação da criança no Brasil: desenvolvimento omnilateral
Authors: Gomes Mariane dos Santos , Silva Vandeí Pinto da
Published: December 2018

O estudo, baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, objetiva refletir acerca dos desafios postos à Educação Infantil no cenário educacional brasileiro contemporâneo. O problema central consiste na institucionalização precoce de crianças em escolas projetadas para a assistência e cuidado e fundamentadas em concepções anacrônicas de infância e de formação, contrariando prescrições da legislação educacional que avançam na consideração das crianças como sujeitos nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. As análises e proposições estão referenciadas no conceito marxista de formação omnilateral, que preconiza a articulação das dimensões intelectual, corporal e tecnológica e na Teoria Histórico-Cultural de matriz vigotskyana, com vistas a assegurar uma Educação Infantil voltada ao pleno desenvolvimento e humanização da criança, concebendo-a como ser histórico e social em constante desenvolvimento.
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, a trajetória e a fundamentação da Pedagogia Moral (1746/1827)
Authors: Ferreira Brettas Anderson Claytom
Published: December 2018

Nascido em Zurique, na Suíça, em 1746, Johann Henrich Pestalozzi é, por excelência, um dos fundadores da educação contemporânea. Leitor de Jean Jacques Rousseau, influenciado pelo naturalismo e pelo romantismo, ativista sintonizado com as lutas políticas de seu tempo, Pestalozzi conjugou como poucos autores a prática pedagógica com a produção e sistematização teórica, com a atuação, tanto na fundação e direção de escolas, quanto na publicação de uma vasta literatura. Entre vários aspectos, ressaltou a questão social e a democratização da escola com a defesa do ensino público, ideias que influenciaram a organização educacional de vários sistemas nacionais de ensino. O presente artigo trata das passagens biográficas mais relevantes e os aspectos conceituais das contribuições de Pestalozzi no campo das reflexões pedagógicas. O presente artigo visa resgatar e apresentar, a partir de análises bibliográficas, a trajetória de J.H.Pestalozzi e os elementos teóricos e conceituais de suas obras que circunstanciam a construção de uma pedagogia com ênfase na formação moral.
Actualités sur le sepsis et le choc septique de l’enfant
Authors: Morin L. , Pierre A.F. , Tissieres P. , Miatello J. , Durand P.
Published: December 2018

L’incidence du sepsis de l’enfant augmente en réanimation pédiatrique. La définition du sepsis et du choc septique de l’enfant est amenée à évoluer à l’instar de celle du choc septique de l’adulte pour détecter les patients nécessitant une prise en charge urgente et spécialisée. La prise en charge d’un patient septique repose sur une oxygénothérapie, une expansion volémique au sérum salé isotonique, une antibiothérapie et un transfert dans un service de réanimation ou de surveillance continue pédiatrique. Le taux et la cinétique d’élimination du lactate plasmatique est un bon critère diagnostic et pronostic qui permet de guider la prise en charge. La présence de plusieurs défaillances d’organes ou une défaillance circulatoire aiguë signe le diagnostic de sepsis encore dit sévère, et leur persistance et/ou la non-correction de l’hypotension artérielle malgré un remplissage vasculaire d’au moins 40 ml/kg définit le choc septique chez l’enfant. Dans ce cas, la correction rapide de l’hypotension artérielle persistante repose sur la noradrénaline initiée sur une voie intraveineuse périphérique dans l’attente d’un accès veineux central. L’échographie cardiaque est un examen clé de l’évaluation hémodynamique du patient, pour guider la poursuite de l’expansion volémique ou détecter une cardiomyopathie septique. Des thérapeutiques additionnelles ont été proposées pour prendre en charge certains patients avec des défaillances d’organes particulières. L’immunomonitorage et la modulation sont un ensemble de techniques qui permettent la recherche et le traitement de certaines complications. La Surviving Sepsis Campaign a permis d’améliorer la prise en charge de ces patients par l’implémentation d’algorithmes de détection et de prise en charge du sepsis de l’enfant. Une révision pédiatrique de cette campagne est attendue prochainement.
Monitorage cérébral après arrêt cardiaque : techniques et utilité clinique potentielle
Authors: Ben-Hamouda N. , Oddo M.
Published: December 2018

L’arrêt cardiaque cause une hypoxie-ischémie globale, suivi de reperfusion, qui est susceptible d’engendrer des effets délétères sur la perfusion et l’oxygénation cérébrales, ainsi que le métabolisme cellulaire. Dans ce contexte, et en l’absence de thérapies spcéfiques de l’ischémie-reperfusion globale, le traitement est essentiellement de soutien, visant à optimiser la perfusion et l’oxygénation cérébrale, dans le but de prévenir ou atténuer les dégâts secondaires sur la fonction cérébrale. Dans ce contexte, le monitorage cérébral multimodal, notamment les techniques non-invasives, ont une utilité potentielle à la phase agiuë de l’arrêt cardiaque. Le but prinicpal de cette revue est de décrire les techniques actuellement dipsonibles, en nous focalisant surtout sur les outils noninvasifs (doppler transcranien, spectrospcope de proche infrarouge, électroencéphalographie, pupillométrie automatisée proche infrarouge), leur utilité clinique potentielle ainsi que leurs limitations, dans la prise en charge aiguë (optimisation de la perfusion et de l’oxygénation cérébrales) ainsi que pour la détermination du pronostic précoce après arrêt cardiaque.
Utjecaj prešanja koštice buče i dodatka antioksidanasa na iskorištenje i oksidacijsku stabilnost hladno prešanog ulja
Authors: Moslavac Tihomir , Jokić Stela , Jurić Tena , Krajna Hrvoje , Konjarević Anastazija , Muhamedbegović Benjamin , Šubarić Drago
Published: December 2018

Bučino ulje pripada grupi ekskluzivnih i vrlo skupih ulja gdje nutritivna kvaliteta opravdava visoku cijenu. U ovom radu istraživan je utjecaj parametara hladnog prešanja bučinih koštica na iskorištenje ulja. Ispitivani su parametri frekvencija elektromotora, veličina otvora glave preše te dodatak ljuske suncokreta i mikrovalno zagrijavanje bučine koštice na proizvodnju ulja. Porastom frekvencije elektromotora i veličine otvora glave preše za izlaz pogače dolazi do smanjenja količine proizvedenog ulja. Primjenom standardnih metoda određeni su osnovni parametri kvalitete ulja: peroksidni broj, slobodne masne kiseline, udio netopljivih nečistoća i udio vlage. Također, ispitivan je dodatak mješavine prirodnih antioksidanasa na oksidacijsku stabilnost hladno prešanog bučinog ulja. Od antioksidanasa korišteni su ekstrakt nara, ekstrakt ružmarina (tip Oxy’Less Clear), eterično ulje primorskog vriska i eterično ulje bosiljka u kombinaciji sa ekstraktom zelenog čaja. Određivanje oksidacijske stabilnosti bučinog ulja provedeno je testom ubrzane oksidacije Schaal Oven testom (63°C), a rezultat oksidacije ulja izražen je peroksidnim brojem. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da veličina otvora za izlaz pogače i frekvencija elektromotora utječu na iskorištenje hladno prešanog bučinog ulja. Najbolje antioksidacijsko djelovanje kod hladno prešanog bučinog ulja pokazao je dodatak mješavine ekstrakta zelenog čaja sa eteričnim uljem primorskog vriska.
Gospodarske i ampelografske karakteristike autohtonih sorata kastavskog područja
Authors: Stupić Domagoj , Andabaka Željko , Šikuten Iva , Lončar Mateja , Mihaljević-Žulj Marin , Puhelek Ivana , Jeromel Ana , Maletić Edi
Published: December 2018

Unazad nekoliko godina na području grada Kastva nekolicina proizvođača grožđa i vina u suradnji sa znanstvenim institucijama i uz potporu lokalnih jedinica uprave i samouprave nastoji obnoviti vinogradarsku proizvodnju temeljenu na autohtonom sortimentu. Prvi korak već je napravljen identifikacijom nekoliko autohtonih sortata. Sorte Jarbola, Verdić, Mejsko belo, Divjaka i Brajkovac su nakon identifikacije razmnožene i posađene u zasad manjim nasadima lokalnih vinogradara. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi osnovne gospodarske i ampelografske karakteristike navedenih sorata u proizvodnom nasadu lokalnih proizvođača. Analizom podataka utvrđen je broj grozdova po trsu, prinos po trsu, mehanički sastav grozda i kemijski sastav mošta. Na taj način utvrđene su osnovne razlike između sorata kao i gospodarski potencijal svake sorte. Sorta Verdić ima dimenzijama i masom najveći grozd, dok sorta Brajkovac dimenzijama i masom ima najmanji grozd. Sorta Jarbola ima najveću masu bobice i najveći udio mesa u masi grozda te izrazito veliki broj grozdova po trsu. Sorta Divjaka se odlikuje visokom rodnošću te najmanjom masom bobica. Sorte Mejsko belo i Brajkovac pokazale su se, zbog visokog sadržaja šećera, kao sorte s najboljim kvalitativnim potencijalom u promatranoj godini istraživanja.
Utjecaj različitog tipa umjetnog osvjetljenja na klijavost sjemena matovilca i kres salate
Authors: Vinković Tomislav , Tkalec Monika , Parađiković Nada , Stošić MIro , Zmaić Krunoslav , Kljajić Jelena
Published: December 2018

Cilj rada je bio utvrditi utjecaj LED (Light Emitting Diodes) i FLUO (fluorescentno svjetlo) osvjetljenja na klijavost i energiju klijanja sjemena te masu i visinu klijanaca matovilca i kres salate. Sjetva naturalnog sjemena provedena je u Petrijeve zdjelice u komori opremljenoj LED i FLUO lampama. LED lampe su bile opremljene crvenim (650-670 nm) i plavim (440-460 nm) LED diodama u omjeru 3:1. Istraživanje je provedeno u Laboratoriju za povrćarstvo, cvjećarstvo, ljekovito i začinsko bilje Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Osijeku. Utvrđen je statistički opravdan utjecaj tipa osvjetljenja na energiju klijanja i klijavost sjemena matovilca, a veće vrijednosti utvrđene su uslijed primjene LED lampi. Suprotno, pod FLUO lampama je utvrđena značajno veća masa i visina klijanaca matovilca te visina klijanaca kres salate. Međutim, tip osvjetljenja nije značajno utjecao na klijavost i energiju klijanja te masu klijanaca kres salate. Prema tome, može se zaključiti da je odgovor na tip osvjetljenja uvjetovan biljnom vrstom već od samih početaka rasta i razvoja.
Važnost cinka u gnojidbi vinove loze
Authors: Gluhić David , Deklić David
Published: December 2018

Cink je esencijalni biljni hranjivi element s vrlo opsežnom i značajnom ulogom. Uključen je u više metabolitičkih procesa i sudjeluje u razvoju reproduktivnih dijelova vinove loze. Količina cinka u biljci je niska, te se značajno razlikuje između pojedinih biljnih vrsta. Kod vinove loze, optimalna opskrbljenost cinkom u listu kreće se u rasponu od 25-150 mg kg-1. Nedostatak cinka najčešći je na tlima s pH 7.0-8.0, a u slučaju karbonatnih tala nedostatak cinka često je povezan s nedostatkom željeza (‘vapnena kloroza’). Gnojiva na bazi cinka sadrže različite vrijednosti cinka ovisno o njegovom obliku u gnojivu. Postojei nekoliko najznačajnijih kemijskih oblika cinka od kojih ćemo spomenuti cink-oksid, cink-helat, cink-sulfat i cink-fosfit. Svaki od njih ciljano se koristi za rješavanje određenih nedostataka ili potiče razvoj metabolizma vinove loze. Prema rezultatima istraživanja većine autora vidljivo je da u većini vinogradarskih tala nedostaje cinka, te se preporuča dodatna gnojidba vinove loze. Ovisno o stanju cinka u tlu, gnojidba se može provesti preko lista (kod manjih nedostataka cinka) ili u kombinaciji tlo-folijarna gnojidba (kod većih nedostataka cinka), upotrebom različitih gnojiva na bazi cinka. Na taj način može se postići dobra opskrbljenost vinove loze cinkom te ujednačen rast i razvoj vinove loze tijekom vegetacije.
Tehnike cijepljenja rodnih vinograda
Authors: Gašpar Mladen , Rotim Nino , Raić Anita
Published: December 2018

Cijepljenje vinove loze predstavlja zahtjevan postupak koji podrazumijeva poznavanje loznih podloga, sorata i tehnika cijepljenja. Tehnike cijepljenja usavršavale su se kroz stoljeća, a iskustva su se prenosila kroz naraštaje. Pojavom filoksere cijepljenje vinove loze dobilo je na značaju i pokazalo se kao jedino djelotvorno rješenje protiv ovog štetnika. Cijepljenje rodnih vinograda zahtjeva veliku stručnu osposobljenost i vještinu izvođenja, ali i poznavanje brojnih drugih činitelja od kojih ovisi uspjeh cijepljenja. Cijepljenje rodnih vinograda provodi se u raskol, sa zelenom mladicom (zelenim pupom) ili urezom zimskog pupa („T-budding“).
Potencijal bakterija za proizvodnju bioetanola iz lignoceluloznih sirovina
Authors: Petravić Tominac Vlatka , Tolvajčić Martina , Stanzer Damir , Mrvčić Jasna , Hanousek Čiča Karla , Šantek Božidar
Published: December 2018

Poljoprivreda, šumarstvo i prehrambena industrija izvori su velike količine lignocelulozne biomase, koja može poslužiti kao lako dostupna i jeftina obnovljiva sirovina za dobivanje različitih bioproizvoda. Jedan od takvih proizvoda je i bioetanol. Ovaj rad daje pregled bakterija koje se koriste i/ili istražuju za proizvodnju bioetanola iz lignoceluloznih sirovina. U navedenim istraživanjima proizvodnje bioetanola pomoću bakterija primijenjuju se različiti pristupi kako bi se povećala ekološka i ekonomska efikasnost procesa. Pored uobičajenih bioprocesa, koji se provode u više faza i uz pomoć monokulture, razvijaju se i visokointegrirani (konsolidirani) bioprocesi uz primjenu mikrobnih kokultura.
Suzbijanje zlatne žutice vinove loze
Authors: Grozić Kristina , Poljuha Danijela , Bubola Marijan
Published: December 2018

Suzbijanje zlatne žutice vinove loze obavezno je u područjima gdje je potvrđena njena pojava, a mjere suzbijanja su u većini vinogradarskih regija Europe regulirane pravnim aktima, odnosno naredbama o suzbijanju. Najučinkovitije mjere suzbijanja zlatne žutice uključuju suzbijanje američkog cvrčka primjenom insekticida, budući da je američki cvrčak primarni vektor zaraze te uklanjanje i uništavanje simptomatičnih trsova, koje treba ukloniti u što kraćem roku od prve pojave simptoma. Pored toga, kako bi se smanjio izvor nove zaraze, potrebno je krčiti zapuštene vinograde ili samoniklu lozu koja se nalazi u blizini proizvodnih vinograda. U svrhu uspješnog uklanjanja zaraženih trsova iznimno je važno pratiti pojavu simptoma unutar vinograda, što se provodi organizirano od strane stručnih službi na razini šireg vinogradarskog područja, ali i od strane proizvođača, koji trebaju pratiti pojavu simptoma u vlastitim vinogradima. U slučaju izostanka primjene mjera suzbijanja, zlatna žutica se može epidemijski širiti te se u svega nekoliko godina može zaraziti veći dio trsova u vinogradu. U ovom je radu dan prikaz mjera suzbijanja zlatne žutice s ciljem smanjenja šteta koje ona pričinjava i sprječavanja širenja zaraze.
High density ozone generation system using a fuzzy inference engine
Authors: Kim Ilhwan , Kwon Chang-Hee , Lee Wangheon
Published: December 2018

Ozone (O _3 ) is generated using a voltage controlled inverter of single-phase sinusoidal waveform, in contrast to the current controlled inverter using three phases as used for the control of AC motors. The generated ozone quantity is directly proportional to the frequency as well as the applied voltage of the power supply. In this paper, we propose not only a voltage control inverter running at 600 Hz and a step-up transformer from 220 V to 12 KV using an IGBT inverter, but also a fuzzy inference engine using the MAMDANI Min-Max composition so as to generate high-density ozone. We show that the proposed ozone generation system produces double the quantity of ozone at a higher efficiency level than a conventional ozone system using the current controlled inverter through actual experiments with the developed ozone system.
Optimum design for CW-SynRM with loss and efficiency evaluations, using coupled Preisach model and FEM and experimentation
Authors: Lee Jung Ho , Kim Young Hyun
Published: December 2018

This paper deals with the optimum design criteria necessary to minimize the torque ripple of a concentrated winding Synchronous Reluctance Motor (CW-SynRM) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The suitability of using RSM with the finite element method (FEM) in practical engineering problems is investigated with computational examples and comparisons between the fitted response and the results obtained from analytical solutions, according to the design variables of stator and rotor in a concentrated winding SynRM (6slot). This research presents efficiency evaluations for a normal synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) and for a concentrated SynRM (CW-SynRM) using both the coupled transient finite element method (FEM) and Preisach modeling. These evaluations are used to analyze characteristics under the effects of saturation and hysteresis loss. The focus of this research is on an optimum design relative to torque density, ripple characteristics on the basis of stator, rotor shape in a CW-SynRM and efficiency evaluation relative to hysteresis loss, copper loss, etc. on the basis of rated load conditions in a SynRM and CW-SynRM. Computer simulation and experimental results for the efficiency using dynamometer show both the propriety of the proposed design method and the high performance of the CW-SynRM.
Load allocation problem for optimal design of aircraft electrical power system
Authors: Giraud X. , Sartor M. , Roboam X. , Sareni B. , Piquet H. , Budinger M. , Vial S.
Published: December 2018

More and more electric systems are embedded in today aircraft. As a result, the complexity of electrical power system design is increasing and the need of generic and efficient design methods is today required. Among numerous design tasks, the allocation of electric systems on the busbars of the electrical power system is considered as an important one since it has a direct impact on the aircraft mass. But due to the high number of possible allocations and regarding the large diversity of potential sizing cases for the equipments, finding the optimal allocation of electric loads is a hard task. In this paper, the problem is formalized mathematically. Then, four stochastic optimization methods are assessed on complex load allocation problems. Based on this assessment, a genetic algorithm using niching method is considered as the most appropriate algorithm for solving this aircraft design problem.
Comparison of the influence of Si and SiC semiconductor devices on power loss and weight of multiobjective optimal designed power converters
Authors: De Grève Zacharie , Versèle Christophe , Deblecker Olivier , Lobry Jacques
Published: December 2018

This paper compares the power loss and weight of multiobjective optimal (MO) designed isolated DC-DC power converters based on Si and SiC technologies. To that end, a computer-aided design (CAD) tool previously published by the authors and dedicated to the MO design of isolated DC-DC power converters with genetic algorithms is used. The design problem requires the minimization of the power loss and the weight of the converter while ensuring the satisfaction of several constraints. The results show clearly that the wide band gap (WBG) semiconductor devices, typically the SiC technology for the power and voltage levels considered in this paper, lead to lighter converter with less power loss than classical Si devices. The use of our tool allows to precisely quantify that gain within a multiobjective optimization framework.
Robust optimization of patch antennas considering non-linear circuit for UHF-band passive RFID
Authors: Watanabe Yuta , Igarashi Hajime
Published: December 2018

This paper presents shape optimization of patch antennas loaded by the Cockcroft-Walton (CW) circuit for UHF-band passive RFID tags. In the present optimization, the antenna characteristics are analyzed by hybridization of the finite-difference time-domain method and modified nodal method. To accelerate the convergence to the steady state, the unknowns are decomposed into the fast and slowly convergence components, which are separately determined. The shape of patch antennas is optimized by using the micro genetic algorithm in order to maximize the output voltage of the CW circuit and obtain high robustness against the shape changes. The optimized antenna has higher output voltage of the CW circuit in comparison with the half-wave patch antenna.
Hierarchical fair competition algorithm for optimization of reliability of complex electric power networks
Authors: Piątek Łukasz , Rudnicki Marek
Published: December 2018

A hierarchical fair competition algorithm to optimize structures of complex electric power networks is presented. The algorithm implements an evolutionary algorithm on a population divided into several demes. A migration mechanism which moves the best fitting individuals between populations is presented. Coding of the system structure is done as a sequence of bits where each bit codes a single edge joining a pair of vertices. The algorithm finds such electric power network's structures that have maximum reliability and minimum network cost. The network reliability estimation is considered as the s-t reliability problem and computed with the cut set method. Efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated on an example of transmission network.
A neural networks-based maximum power point tracker with improved dynamics for variable dc-link grid-connected photovoltaic power plants
Authors: Carrasco Miguel , Mancilla-David Fernando , Fulginei Francesco Riganti , Laudani Antonino , Salvini Alessandro
Published: December 2018

This paper proposes a maximum power point (MPP) tracking algorithm based on neural networks to correctly track the MPP even under abrupt changes in solar irradiance and to improve the dynamic performance across the dc capacitor utilized in the power converter that serves as an interphase to connect photovoltaic power plants into the ac grid. Traditional maximum power point tracking algorithms such as "perturb and observe" (P&O) and"incremental conductance" (IC) are able to track the point of maximum power in most cases. However, they can fail under rapid changing atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, in architectures with a power converter operated at variable dc-link, P&O and IC-based algorithms provide a step-like voltage reference which translates into a repetitive overshoot across the dc capacitor. This may negatively affect the lifespan of the capacitor and affect the overall dynamic of the system. This paper develops a neural network (NN) algorithm that overcome the aforementioned issues, including thorough modelling and control of the various components involved in the realization of a grid-connected photovoltaic power plant. The approach is validated via detailed computer simulations on experimental data.
Stochastic modeling of anhysteretic magnetic curve using random inter-dependant coefficients
Authors: Ramarotafika Rindra , Benabou Abdelkader , Clenet Stéphane
Published: December 2018

When modeling a system subject to uncertainties, a fundamental aspect is the stochastic modeling of the input parameters of the model. Several calculation and analysis steps have to be considered, and can be found in the literature. In this paper, after presenting such steps, these are applied for the modeling of the variability of the magnetic behavior law related to a set of slinky stator samples, issued from the same production chain. The probabilistic model of the parameters is therefore validated using a statistical test and a classical Monte Carlo simulation. The importance of taking account of the dependency structure between the parameters is then emphasized, as it may modify significantly the results related to the validation of the model.
Estimation of layered materials dielectric parameters using pulsed terahertz technique
Authors: Lopato Przemyslaw
Published: December 2018

Pulsed terahertz imaging is very effective tool in nondestructive evaluation of layered composite materials. In this paper an experiment and an inverse scheme based on numerical or analytical model and hybrid optimization algorithm are presented and verified in order to obtain dielectric parameters profile of layered composite structures.
Dual frequency AC and DC magnetic field levitation melting of metals
Authors: Bojarevics V. , Pericleous K.
Published: December 2018

Dual frequency AC magnetic field effects are analyzed in the case of levitated samples heated, melted and confined. The time dependent numerical models based on accurate spectral approximation give an insight to oscillation patterns and stability conditions for a copper sample both in solid and liquid state after the melting stage. Application to microgravity experiments planned at International Space Station and the full gravity magnetic levitation for the similar sample are presented.
A numerical model for coupled free surface and liquid metal flow calculation in electromagnetic field
Authors: Spitans Sergejs , Baake Egbert , Nacke Bernard , Jakovics Andris
Published: December 2018

On account of ANSYS Classic, ANSYS Fluent and ANSYS CFX-Post external coupling a new approach for joined simulation of liquid metal flow, free surface dynamics and electromagnetic (EM) field in induction furnaces is developed. The model is adjusted for the case of EM levitation and extended on 3D consideration with application of standard k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) or précised Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence description.

Calculated steady state free surface shapes of molten metal are compared to other models and experimental measurements in traditional and EM levitation induction furnaces. Calculated free surface dynamics of melt is compared to analytical estimation of free surface oscillation period.

Parameter studies performed in ICF and conventional EM levitation setup briefly illustrate capabilities of the model and demonstrate the influence of current, frequency, surface tension and viscosity on free surface dynamics and steady shape of the melt in 2D approximation. Finally, full 3D calculation of free surface dynamics in ICF using k-ω SST and LES turbulence models is performed and the impact of turbulence model on meniscus is discussed.
Metrological attributes of current transformers in electrical energy meters
Authors: Soinski Marian , Pluta Wojciech , Zurek Stan , owski Adam Kozł
Published: December 2018

Instrument current and voltage transformers remain the basic apparatus used in measurements of energy in electrical grid. Increasing importance of distributed energy sources necessitates more precise measurements of consumed as well as generated electrical energy. Both types occur in low voltage network where the main focus is on current transformers for electronic-type electrical energy meters. These current transformers should fulfil many requirements for precise electrical energy measurements. This paper presents a modern system for measurement of various metrological features of current transformers.
Some problems of the IEC single sheet tester measurement method for electrical steel sheet from a view point of material evaluation
Authors: Kutsukake Akifumi , Kido Yukihito , Ikeda Tetsu , Kanada Tsugunori , Enokizono Masato
Published: December 2018

A study is carried out based on the evaluation of IEC-standard. Two measurement results on N.O. magnetic steel sheets, one from S-SST (Stress load type single sheet tester developed in our research laboratory), another is from SST based on the IEC standard regulation, are compared and discussed. As a result of the measurements, both magnetization curves coincide mostly, but magnetic power loss determined by IEC method is larger than that achieved by S-SST. The differences between them may be caused by magnetic field strength evaluation for each measurement method, magnetizing current method for IEC-type-SST and H-coil method for S-SST. The effective magnetic path is regulated in IEC but actually this may be variable according to the type of magnetic sheet, the structure of the SST and of applied magnetic field strength. In order to discuss this point, a virtual magnetic path length is introduced by using the applied magnetic field strength.