bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergence of a novel porcine pestivirus with potential for cross-species transmission in China, 2023
Authors: Deng Li-shuang , Xu Tong , Xu Zhi-wen , Zhu Ling
Published: February 2025

Pestiviruses, RNA viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family, have a broad host range. Their pathogenicity varies greatly and they have caused significant economic losses in animal husbandry. In this study, a novel pestivirus, porcine abortion-associated pestivirus (PAAPeV), was isolated from pigs in China in 2023. Clinically, PAAPeV causes abortions in sows and leads to congenital tremors and death in piglets. PAAPeV replicates efficiently in ST cells. Morphologically, PAAPeV virions are spherical particles with a diameter of approximately 80 nm. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that PAAPeV is closely related to Wenzhou Pipistrellus abramus pestivirus and clusters into a distinct branch, suggesting that it represents a new species: Pestivirus chinensis. Animal experiments demonstrated that PAAPeV-infected piglets and mice exhibit significant histopathological changes. In piglets, histopathological examination revealed myocarditis, hepatitis, glial vacuolation and cerebrovascular inflammation. In mice, findings included hepatic monocyte aggregation, glomerular atrophy, pulmonary edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and capillary dilation. Viremia has been detected in both piglets and mice, with high viral genome loads found in various organs. In vitro results revealed that PAAPeV replicates in ST cells and, to a lesser extent, in human (A549 and HepG2) and monkey (Vero) cells. Overall, PAAPeV infects both pigs and mice and has the potential to infect other mammals, indicating its ability for cross-species transmission. This poses significant risks to the pig industry and public health. Strengthening monitoring and prevention efforts for PAAPeV is crucial. Our findings greatly increase the understanding of pestivirus diversity and its broader pathogen spectrum.
Comprehensive landscape and oncogenic role of extrachromosomal circular DNA in malignant biliary strictures
Authors: Cheng Zhuo , Luo Xuanmei , Liu Wenzheng , Lu Xiaofang , Chang Hong , Wang Yingchun , Zheng Wei , Yan Xiue , Huang Yonghui
Published: February 2025

Background

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is crucial for carcinogenesis and bile has direct contact with malignant biliary strictures, yet eccDNA features in bile and its function in malignant biliary strictures remain underexplored.

Results

We observed the widespread presence of eccDNA in bile and systematically profiled the landscape of bile cell-free eccDNA (bcf-eccDNA). For functional exploration, a simple and efficient workflow was designed to synthesize large eccDNA particularly containing multiple regions. Compared with the noncancer group, bcf-eccDNAs in the cancer group had different origins and larger sizes with six characteristic peaks. These peaks were also identified in the validation cohort (100%). There were more bcf-eccDNA carrying LINC00598 or CELF2 in malignant biliary strictures, showing potential diagnostic performance in training and validation cohorts (all AUCs > 0.9). Bcf-eccDNAs carried cancer-related mutations, which could guide treatment. EccDNA carrying miR-106a/363 cluster or miR-374b/421 cluster were proven to regulate cancer gene expression, accelerate tumor proliferation, and inhibit tumor apoptosis.

Conclusions

This study profiles a comprehensive bcf-eccDNA landscape in patients with biliary strictures and offers valuable insights into eccDNA's role in bile liquid biopsy and carcinogenesis.
Soil organic carbon contents and their major influencing factors in mangrove tidal flats: a comparison between estuarine and non-estuarine areas
Authors: Wu Ting , Guo Jia , Li Gang , Jin Yu , Zhao Wei , Lin Guangxuan , Luo Fang-Li , Zhu Yaojun , Jia Yifei , Wen Li
Published: February 2025

Background

Unvegetated tidal flats of mangrove ecosystems in estuarine and non-estuarine areas play a crucial role in the coastal blue carbon sinks and biogeochemical cycle. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of the differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) contents in mangrove tidal flats between estuarine and non-estuarine areas, as well as their influencing factors.

Methods

In this study, soil samples were collected from estuarine and non-estuarine mangrove tidal flats in the Leizhou Peninsula. We compared the SOC and soil physicochemical properties between estuarine and non-estuarine mangrove tidal flats. The Random Forest algorithm was employed to identify the main influencing factors affecting SOC. The direct and indirect effects of the main influencing factors on SOC were studied using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Results

SOC, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available potassium (AK), clay, silt, aluminum (Al), lithium (Li), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), and cadmium (Cd) contents in the estuarine areas were significantly higher than those in the non-estuarine areas of the mangrove tidal flats. The soil particle size (clay, silt, and sand), soil nutrient (TN and TP), and soil metal elements (Al, Mo, and Cd) were the main influencing factors of the SOC contents in the estuarine and non-estuarine mangrove tidal flat areas. Soil particle size (clay, silt, and sand) indirectly positively influenced SOC contents by positively influencing soil nutrient (TN and TP).

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that estuarine tidal flats have higher capacity of SOC sequestration compared with non-estuarine tidal flats. The main cause is that soil particle size has the potential to significantly increase SOC content by increasing soil nutrients, while metal elements have a direct influence on SOC content. The findings of the present study highlight an important mechanism that influences SOC contents in estuarine and non-estuarine mangrove tidal flats.
Can nebulised heparin reduce acute lung injury in patients with SARS‑CoV‑2 requiring advanced respiratory support in Ireland: the CHARTER‑Ireland phase Ib/IIa, randomised, parallel-group, open-label study
Authors: Cosgrave David , McNicholas Bairbre , Hanley Ciara , Sheehan John Robert , Calpin Padraig , Kernan Maeve , Murphy Darragh , Alvarez‑Iglesias Alberto , Ferguson John , Giacomini Camilla , Greene Christine , Cody Catriona , McGeary Shane , Murphy Marion , Fitzgerald Marianne , Curley Gerard , Dixon Barry , Smith Roger J. , Masterson Claire , O’Toole Daniel , van Haren Frank , Laffey John G.
Published: February 2025

Background

Nebulised unfractionated heparin may attenuate COVID-19 ARDS by reducing pulmonary microvascular thrombosis, blocking SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells, and decreasing lung inflammation. COVID-19 patients with a raised d-dimer have areas of pulmonary hypoperfusion on CT perfusion scans of the lung and have increased mortality risk.

Methods

This was a phase Ib/IIa open-label multi-centre, randomised controlled trial. The study was designed to evaluate whether nebulised unfractionated heparin decreased d-dimer concentrations, with safety as a co-primary outcome.

Results

Forty patients were recruited, with 20 patients into each group. Mean age was 56.6 (SD 11.5) in the heparin group and 51.3 (SD 14.7) in the standard care group, while 60% of participants were male. There was no change in d-dimers from baseline to day 10 (heparin group mean change − 316.5, [SD 1840.3] and control group mean change − 321.7 [SD 3589.4]; p = 0.996). Fourteen patients suffered at least one serious adverse event, 9 patients the Heparin group and 5 in the control group. Eight patients had one or more bleeding events, 5 in the heparin group and 3 in the control group, but were no cases of pulmonary bleeding, of severe haemorrhage or of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Patients receiving heparin therapy had lower PaO2/FiO2 ratios, increased oxygenation indices, and decreased ROX index profiles, up to day 10. The time to separation from respiratory support, and the time to ICU or hospital discharge was similar in both groups. There were 3 deaths in the Heparin group and 2 in the control group.

Conclusions

Nebulised unfractionated heparin was safe and well tolerated, but did not reduce d-dimer concentrations, and worsened oxygenation indices in patients with COVID-19 ARDS.
Advancements in cold spraying for polymer matrix composites: enhanced LSP and EMI shielding performance — review and future directions
Authors: Karahan Bugra , Ozdemir Ismail , Grund Thomas , Hanisch Niclas , Lampke Thomas
Published: February 2025

Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) have emerged as critical materials in lightweight engineering applications due to their excellent mechanical properties and design versatility. However, their inherent limitations in electrical and thermal conductivity necessitate metallization, particularly for applications such as lightning strike protection (LSP) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Cold spraying, a low-temperature metallization technique, addresses the shortcomings of conventional methods by enabling the deposition of dense, oxide-free, and highly conductive coatings with minimal damage to the composite substrate. This review provides a comprehensive overview of advancements in metallization techniques, with a focus on cold spraying, to enhance the electrical and thermal performance of PMCs for LSP and EMI shielding. The combination of PMCs with conductive materials presents an innovative approach to achieving lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and efficient LSP and EMI shielding solutions, offering significant advancements in surface functionalization. Future research directions include the exploration of hybrid metallization strategies and the integration of cold spraying with additive manufacturing, highlighting their potential to create multifunctional and high-performance PMC-based systems. Additionally, emerging trends such as novel or smart materials, optimization of cold spray processes through advanced modeling, and the translation of these innovations into industrial applications are discussed.
Preimplantation aneuploidy screening using embryonic cell-free DNA isolated from spent culture medium: a case report
Authors: Khudari Lama , Halabi Marwan , Al Fahoum Sahar
Published: February 2025

Background

Chromosomal aberrations are frequent in human embryos and can be identified during IVF by performing preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A). Therefore, this study presents a case report highlighting the application of embryonic cell-free DNA isolated from spent culture medium for preimplantation aneuploidy screening.

Case presentation

This case report elucidates the potential use of non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) as a valuable resource for couples facing infertility challenges. By using PGT-A, these couples can assess the genetic health of embryos before implantation, thereby increasing the chances of a successful pregnancy through assisted reproductive technologies.

Conclusions

PGT-A, an innovative technique using embryonic cell-free DNA isolated from a spent culture medium, offers a non-invasive and effective method for assessing chromosomal aberrations in embryos. It has the potential to enhance preimplantation genetic testing and support medically personalized embryo selection.
Effect of instant ear domes on real-ear gain
Authors: Attia Salma Samy , Kozou Hesham , Elmoazen Doaa
Published: February 2025

Purpose

As instant ear domes are the most commonly used fittings for RIC hearing aids and are available in standard sizes and shapes which may include vents, this study was designed to assess the acoustics of these different types of domes by estimating the insertion loss and vent effect of each using real-ear measurements to make the right fitting choice.

Methods

The study included 30 normal hearing individuals. REM procedures specifically insertion loss and vent effect measurements were obtained using Affinity 2.0 Interacoustics while using five types of domes: open, tulip, Bass 1 vent, Bass 2 vent, and double dome. The subjective occlusion rating of each dome was assessed as well.

Results

The instant ear domes are arranged from least occluding (lowest insertion loss, highest vent effect, lowest subjective rating score) to most occluding (highest insertion loss, lowest vent effect, highest subjective rating score) as follows: open dome, tulip dome, and bass group which showed no significant difference between 1 and 2 vents and lastly double dome. Results showed high variability.

Conclusions

Instant domes with larger vent whether a single large diameter or sum of several diameters vent have lowest insertion loss, highest vent effect and lowest score in subjective occlusion ratings, and vice versa. Individualized real-ear measurement should be considered for best fitting outcome.
Pancreaticopleural fistula: a rare cause of recurrent right-sided pleural effusion
Authors: K. Mithun Nilgiri , Rangankar Varsha P. , P. Shaily K. , Sahasrabudhe Tushar R. , Orakkan Rishi Govind
Published: February 2025

Background

Pancreaticopleural fistula (PPF) is an uncommon and dangerous complication of pancreatic disease and can lead to significant morbidity due to the presence of pleural effusion usually on the left side. PPF is an abnormal communication between the pancreatic duct and the pleural cavity, which occurs in patients with chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic pseudocysts.

Case presentation

This case report chronicles an unusual presentation of PPF in a male in his 60 s, highlighting the diagnostic challenges and the critical need for early recognition and appropriate management. The diagnosis was confirmed through a comprehensive diagnostic workup, including imaging studies and pleural fluid analysis. The patient was successfully managed with a combination of chest tube drainage, Octreotide therapy, and endoscopic intervention.

Conclusion

Pancreaticopleural fistula (PPF) should be considered a possible diagnosis in patients who present with an unexplained recurrent pleural effusion and have a history of pancreatic illness.
Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with residual type B aortic dissection utilizing iliac branch endoprosthesis: a case report
Authors: Kumagai Kunitaka , Kishimoto Yuichiro , Onohara Takeshi , Nii Rikuto , Sumi Naoki , Kishimoto Nozomi , Ikeda Yosuke , Yoshikawa Yuki , Yamane Kazuma , Yoshikawa Yasushi
Published: February 2025

Background

Iliac branch endoprosthesis (IBE) can preserve the internal iliac artery. Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysms associated with residual type B aortic dissection has been rarely reported, and IBE has not been utilized in any of the reported cases. Herein, we describe a rare case of EVAR using IBE for an abdominal aortic aneurysm and a common iliac artery aneurysm associated with residual type B aortic dissection after thoracoabdominal aortic replacement.

Case presentation

A 70-year-old man underwent conservative treatment for acute type B aortic dissection 5 years ago. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed type B aortic dissection and a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm, an abdominal aortic aneurysm, and an aneurysm in the right common iliac artery. Since the patient had a concomitant right common iliac artery aneurysm and reconstructing the right iliac artery would have been difficult in a one-stage operation, a two-stage surgical strategy for thoracoabdominal and abdominal aortic graft replacement, separately, was designed. Thoracoabdominal aortic graft replacement from the proximal descending aorta to the infrarenal abdominal aorta was performed using a triplex 24-mm prosthesis (Terumo Aortic, Inchinnan, UK) without any problem. We recommended abdominal aortic graft replacement; however, he preferred EVAR over abdominal aortic graft replacement. The risk of spinal cord ischemia was a concern because a conventional EVAR would require embolizing the right internal iliac artery. Therefore, EVAR was performed with IBE to preserve the right internal iliac artery. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no spinal cord injury was observed. Follow-up CT showed no enlargement of the aneurysms 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusions

Despite anatomic limitations, EVAR for abdominal aortic and common iliac artery aneurysms associated with residual aortic dissection after thoracoabdominal aortic graft replacement can be safely performed by embolizing the branch to the false lumen and using IBE.
Functional characterizations of thermosensitive TRPV channels from Holocephalan elephant shark, Callorhinchus milii, illuminate the ancestral thermosensory system in vertebrates
Authors: Otake Sumika , Saito Shigeru , Lin Xiaozhi , Saito Claire T. , Kohno Satomi , Takagi Wataru , Hyodo Susumu , Tominaga Makoto , Katsu Yoshinao
Published: February 2025

Homeostasis and survival of various animal species have been affected by changes in environmental temperature, causing animals to evolve physiological systems for sensing ambient and body temperature. Temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have multimodal properties that are activated by physical stimuli such as temperature, as well as by various chemical substances. Our goal is to understand the diversity of the vertebrate thermosensory system by characterizing the temperature-sensitive TRPV channels of the elephant shark, which belongs to the holocephali of the cartilaginous fishes. Since elephant sharks are basal jawed vertebrates, analysis of elephant shark TRPs is critical to understanding the evolution of thermosensory systems in vertebrate lineages. We found that temperature stimulation activated elephant shark TRPVs in an electrophysiological analysis similar to the mammalian orthologue. The thermal activation threshold of elephant shark TRPV1 (31°C) was similar to the thresholds reported for several other fish species, but was much lower than that of mammalian orthologs. Strikingly, the elephant shark TRPV4 was a cooling-activated channel with a threshold of 20°C, whereas, in several tetrapods, it is activated by warmth. These results suggest that the temperature sensitivity of TRPV4 has changed in vertebrate evolutionary lineages. Furthermore, we also found the elephant shark possesses heat-evoked TRPV3, which has a threshold of 42°C, which is absent in more derived teleost fishes. Taken together, our findings elucidate that the vertebrate-type thermosensory system has already emerged in the common ancestor of jawed vertebrates, although their temperature sensing ranges were different from those of mammals.
Recusa à vacinação e demissão do empregado por justa causa
Authors: Santos Rômulo Marcel Souto dos , Coutinho Carlos Marden Cabral , Leitão André Studart
Published: February 2025

Objetivos: O presente artigo se propõe a investigar se a recusa do empregado em ser vacinado configura motivo suficiente para demissão por justa causa, conforme previsto no art. 482 da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT). A análise é feita à luz da Teoria da Democracia Construtiva, a qual propõe que uma sociedade é tanto mais democrática quanto mais os indivíduos podem influenciar na construção de sua própria realidade. A indagação central é se essa recusa constitui exercício legítimo do direito fundamental à liberdade ou se, em contrapartida, justifica a demissão por justa causa, especialmente no contexto da crise pandêmica.
Metodologia: O método de pesquisa utilizado é qualitativo-dedutivo, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, incluindo livros, artigos científicos, decisões judiciais e legislação. O artigo aborda teorias democráticas, desde Hans Kelsen até a Teoria da Democracia Construtiva, com o objetivo de verificar se a exigência de vacinação pelo empregador pode ser considerada legítima no ambiente democrático brasileiro. Também são analisadas as hipóteses de demissão por justa causa, previstas no ordenamento jurídico, em especial, o ato de insubordinação e indisciplina.
Resultados: O estudo conclui que, embora a legislação permita a demissão por justa causa em caso de recusa à vacinação, essa medida deve ser aplicada com cautela, respeitando o princípio da proporcionalidade e o valor social do trabalho. Observou-se que, sob a Teoria da Democracia Construtiva, há espaço para que empregadores e empregados decidam, de forma conjunta e democrática, a melhor solução para a questão da vacinação no ambiente de trabalho.
Contribuições: O artigo contribui para o debate sobre a tensão entre liberdade individual e proteção coletiva em situações de crise sanitária, propondo a aplicação da Teoria da Democracia Construtiva como forma de conciliar interesses conflitantes entre empregadores e empregados, sem a necessidade de imposições estatais severas.
Παιδεία και περιβάλλον
Authors: Λυκουροπούλου Δέσποινα
Published: February 2025

Σήμερα, που η εξαιρετική πρόοδος της τεχνολογίας φέρνει σε λίγα λεπτά μπροστά στα παιδιά τη μάθηση και τη γνώση, στόχος του σχολείου, προτείνει η εργασία αυτή να είναι, όχι η ίδια η γνώση αλλά η καλλιέργεια ενδιαφέροντος στο παιδί προς τη μάθηση και τη γνώση, με απώτερο σκοπό και να αγαπήσει το παιδί τη μάθηση και τη γνώση. Με αφετηρία το σκεπτικό αυτό, αναζητήθηκε ο λόγος των αρχαίων Ελλήνων για τη μάθηση και τη γνώση κι εν συνεχεία των συγχρόνων. Κάποια ερείσματα στην πρόταση μας αυτή βρέθηκαν στον λόγο των αρχαίων, ενώ στον λόγο των συγχρόνων, βρέθηκαν κυρίως απαντήσεις για τρόπους που θα μπορούσαν να συμβάλλουν στην επίτευξη ανάπτυξης κάποιου ενδιαφέροντος για τη μάθηση και τη γνώση. Στη συνέχεια παρατίθενται μέθοδοι που η βιβλιογραφία έδειξε να βοηθούν να αναπτυχθεί ένα ενδιαφέρον και ίσως και αγάπη στα παιδιά προς τη μάθηση. Μέθοδοι που δοκιμάστηκαν σε εφαρμογή κι έδειξαν να εκκινούν ενδιαφέρον στα παιδιά για τη μάθηση-γνώση καλλιεργώντας αγάπη προς τη μάθηση και τη γνώση είναι: η εργασία σε Ομάδες Εργασίας μαθητών, σε μορφή project για ολιστική προσέγγιση ενός ενδιαφέροντος θέματος διαθεματικά ή και διεπιστημονικά· και η εργασία στο Περιβάλλον που παρέχει βιωματική μάθηση. Ιδιαίτερα αποτελεσματική μέθοδος προς τον σκοπό της ανάπτυξης ενδιαφέροντος και αγάπης του παιδιού προς τη μάθηση-γνώση άρα, φάνηκε ότι είναι: η διαθεματική μάθηση σε μορφή Project, σε Ομάδες Εργασίας μαθητών, σε πεδίο όπως το φυσικό Περιβάλλον. Πρόταση της εργασίας αυτής, στην “κοινωνία της γνώσης”, είναι η γνώση ούτε να υποβάλλεται, ούτε να επιβάλλεται στο παιδί, αλλά, στόχος του σχολείου να είναι η ανάπτυξη ενδιαφέροντος στο παιδί για τη μάθηση και τη γνώση, ώστε και να αγαπήσει απώτερα τη μάθηση και τη γνώση, με μεθόδους αποτελεσματικές προς αυτό.
Developing opto-acoustic microscopy instruments for biomedical imaging applications
Authors: Ντερόλη Γιάννη
Published: February 2025

Η Οπτικοακουστική Μικροσκοπία είναι μια αναδυόμενη τεχνική για απεικόνιση που παρέχει δομικές και λειτουργικές τρισδιάστατες πληροφορίες με ανάλυση μικρότερη από 1 μικρόμετρο. Αυτό επιτρέπει τη μη επεμβατική ανίχνευση ενδογενούς αντίθεσης και χρωμοφόρων χωρίς τη χρήση ιοντίζουσας ακτινοβολίας. Ο στόχος αυτής της διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η διερεύνηση της δυναμικής της οπτο-ακουστικής μικροσκοπίας σε συνδυασμό με την οπτική τομογραφία συμβατότητας για την ανάπτυξη προηγμένων διαγνωστικών εργαλείων για βιοϊατρικές εφαρμογές, με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στη διάγνωση του καρκίνου. Για την επίτευξη αυτού του στόχου, η διατριβή επικεντρώνεται στην in-vivo πολυ-φασματική οπτο-ακουστική μικροσκοπία πολλών ενδογενών αντισταθμιστικών παραγόντων σε Xenopus laevis. Στη μελέτη χρησιμοποιήθηκε ένα όργανο οπτο-ακουστικής μικροσκοπίας υψηλής ανάλυσης ικανό για πολυφασματική απεικόνιση καλύπτοντας δύο οκτάβες του φάσματος, καθώς και μια νέα τεχνική για τη διάκριση διαφόρων χρωμοφόρων στο δείγμα. Ενσωματώθηκε ένα όργανο οπτικής τομογραφίας συμβατότητας στο σύστημα οπτικοακουστικής μικροσκοπίας για καθοδήγηση στην απεικόνιση και την παροχή αξιόπιστων δομικών πληροφοριών. Επιπλέον, αναπτύχθηκε ένα σύστημα οπτικής τομογραφίας συμβατότητας με ορατό φως ως εναλλακτική λύση υπερύψηλης ανάλυσης. Πριν από αυτήν τη μελέτη, η χαρτογράφηση των λιπιδίων στο Xenopus laevis επιτεύχθηκε χρησιμοποιώντας μια οπτική πηγή υπερσυνεχούς φάσματος που αναπτύχθηκε στο DTU της Δανίας, η οποία λειτουργεί στην εκτεταμένη περιοχή του κοντινού υπέρυθρου. Και τα δύο όργανα, οπτο-ακουστικής μικροσκοπίας και οπτικής τομογραφίας συμβατότητας, είναι ικανά να αποκτούν διατομικές και τρισδιάστατες εικόνες σε πραγματικό χρόνο. Τέλος, δημιουργήθηκε μια διάταξη υψηλής ανάλυσης οπτικοακουστικής μικροσκοπίας για να εξετάσει την επίδραση του χρόνου εκπομπής της παλμικής διάρκειας 80 ps διέγερσης στην άξια ανάλυσης του συστήματος απεικόνισης. Η μελέτη σύγκρινε ένα όργανο οπτο-ακουστικής μικροσκοπίας με βάση λέιζερ ps παλμικής διάρκειας με ένα με βάση λέιζερ νανοδευτερόλεπτης παλμικής διάρκειας σε όρους άξιας ανάλυσης και απέκτησε πρωτοφανείς in-vivo εικόνες του εγκεφάλου στους μεταμεταλλακτικούς πυθμένους του Xenopus laevis.
The role of citizen science within WFD and SDGs, and how to incentivize the collaboration with environmental regulators
Authors: Gumiero Bruna , Veronesi Leonardo , Cirrone Riccardo Gaetano , Galgani Luisa , Corsi Alessio , Tafi Andrea , Loiselle Steven Arthur
Published: February 2025

Citizen science plays a crucial role in advancing the objectives of the European Union’s Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Among the key strengths of citizen science is that it fills information gaps in the management and observation of aquatic ecosystems, especially small rivers that often lack national and sub-national agency monitoring. The present study explores opportunities and challenges of integrating citizen science data with those of Environmental Agencies. The current state of the art is discussed through a critical review of 47 publications concerning freshwater citizen science, focusing on data quality and geographical distribution. Examples of citizen science projects are also presented. Additionally, opportunities and challenges to increase the impact of freshwater citizen science are addressed by the authors.
The genome sequence of the Stable Fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Sims Ian , Raper Chris , Sivell Olga ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2025

We present a genome assembly from an individual specimen of Stomoxys calcitrans (Stable Fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Muscidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1,070.90 megabases. Most of the assembly (98.96%) is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules.The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.6 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 15,757 protein-coding genes.
The genome sequence of a longhorn beetle, Rhagium mordax (Degeer, 1775)
Authors: Barclay Maxwell V. L. , Telnov Dmitry ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2025

We present a genome assembly from an individual female specimen of Rhagium mordax (longhorn beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Cerambycidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 775.60 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.53%) is scaffolded into 10 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.68 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 11,937 protein-coding genes.
The Impact of Tourist Satisfaction on Loyalty in Ecotourism Destination: A Mediation Approach
Authors: Sarangi Arabinda , Ghosh Prosenjit
Published: February 2025

Travelers are increasingly interested in ecotourism in India, which, though still niche. It is becoming significant for environmental and societal well-being. Tourist satisfaction is vital for tourist loyalty and repeat visits. This paper examines factors affecting tourist satisfaction and tourist loyalty in ecotourism of Sundarbans, which is the largest delta in the world. Data were gathered by a questionnaire-based survey from travellers in Sundarbans, India, employing systematic sampling. The hypotheses were examined using covariance-based structural equation modelling and the mediation method. Findings from 468 tourists highlighted the effect of ecotourism dimensions i.e. reliability, service quality, destination image, price, and tourist facilities on tourist loyalty, with tourist satisfaction playing a key mediating role. To boost tourist loyalty, ecotourism destinations should enhance their destination image, reliability, service quality, facilities, and affordability. Insights from this study will help the stakeholders of Sundarbans tourism to understand tourists' satisfaction and loyalty levels, and suggest strategies for improving tourism infrastructure and services to encourage future progress.
Hormonal Contraceptives and Athletic Outcomes - analysis of potential effects of oral contraceptives on strength, endurance, mood, and overall competitive results
Authors: Lewandowska Dominika , Rosińska-Lewandoska Dominika , Strep Dominika , Podraza Anna , Grabowska Julia , Kwiatkowski Maciej , Romańczyk Patryk , Białczak Julia , Kanownik Weronika , Rosiński Jakub
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Hormonal contraceptives, particularly oral contraceptives (OC), are commonly used by female athletes to regulate menstrual cycles, manage hormonal fluctuations, and prevent unwanted pregnancies. With an increasing number of women competing at elite levels, a central question emerges: can OC use influence key aspects of performance—such as strength, endurance, and mood stability—and thereby affect competitive outcomes?
Analysis of the Literature
Findings regarding the impact of OC on athletic outcomes remain inconsistent. Some investigators report slight reductions in muscle strength and cardiorespiratory capacity, possibly linked to hormonal shifts or metabolic alterations. Others note minimal or negligible changes, pointing to variables such as training volume, sport-specific demands, and the athlete’s inherent physiological profile. Additionally, certain studies underscore potential mood-related benefits, including more stable emotional states that might support training compliance. These varying conclusions highlight the multifactorial nature of OC use, emphasizing the importance of personalization and monitoring to capture individual responses.
Conclusions
 Overall, the relationship between oral contraceptive use and athletic performance is complex and appears to be highly individualized. While some athletes may observe modest shifts in physical or psychological parameters, others remain largely unaffected. Further, well-controlled research is needed to clarify these effects, enabling more targeted guidance for both athletes and healthcare professionals.
Understanding Obesity and the Role of Pharmacological Treatments: Insights for Health and Fitness Enthusiasts
Authors: Starzyk Agnieszka , Charzewski Piotr
Published: February 2025

Obesity results from disruptions in the regulation of body weight, driven by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Genetic forms, such as monogenic and syndromic obesity, are rare but severe conditions often presenting with early-onset obesity, eating disorders, and a range of comorbidities. These forms of obesity pose significant challenges to treatment and health management. While historically managed through lifestyle interventions, recent advances in targeted therapies, including GLP-1 receptor agonists, MC4R agonists, and other pharmacological options, have shown significant potential in addressing genetic and syndromic obesity. These treatments, when combined with lifestyle modifications and surgical interventions, represent a step forward in improving health outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals. The integration of genetic diagnostics into clinical practice is critical to identifying appropriate candidates for these therapies and personalizing treatment plans to address the heterogeneous nature of obesity. Continued research into the molecular mechanisms and biomarkers of obesity is essential for refining these strategies, ensuring equitable access, and ultimately reducing the global health burden of obesity.
The feasibility of anterior plate fixation in distal-third humeral shaft fractures: a retrospective case series
Authors: Kim Ki-Tae , Kim Seung Je , Shim Jae Woo
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The surgical approaches and types of implants used for the fixation of distal-third humerus shaft fractures remain a matter of debate. We examined fracture patterns and evaluated the feasibility of plate fixation via an anterior approach.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 22 patients who underwent surgical treatment for distal-third humerus fractures from 2019 to 2023, with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months for all included patients. An anterolateral approach was used to perform open reduction and internal fixation. The minimum cortical width required for screw fixation at the most proximal part of the distal fragment was set at 10 mm. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38 years. Simple spiral and wedge fractures were predominant (86.3%). The distal fragment fracture line distribution was, on average, 30 mm (4–50 mm) to 101 mm (57–145 mm) from the coronoid fossa proximal margin. The mean distance sufficient to achieve bicortical purchase, engaging both the near and far cortices, was 61 mm (36–96 mm). An anterolateral approach was used in 18 patients based on computed tomography measurements of approximately 50 mm. An average of eight cortices were fixed in the distal fragment. All patients achieved bone union within 12 weeks without complications (mean, 12.69±2.43 weeks).Conclusion: Stable fixation was achieved with an anterior straight plate when 50 mm of the distal fragment was secured from the coronoid fossa’s proximal margin, with both cortices measuring at least 10 mm in width.
Latissimus dorsi and omental free flap reconstruction of a large buttock soft-tissue defect using the lateral circumflex femoral artery descending branch as the recipient vessel: a case report
Authors: Lee Seungjun , Eun Seokchan
Published: February 2025

Large defects in the buttock region are uncommon and pose significant challenges for reconstruction. The skin in this area adheres firmly to the subcutaneous tissue, making mobilization difficult. Attempts to use local or regional flaps to cover defects in this region often result in flap necrosis, leading to an elevated risk of infection and unstable wounds. In addition to these intrinsic challenges, factors such as fecal contamination, difficulty in patient positioning, and suboptimal underlying patient conditions further complicate the reconstruction process. Furthermore, the lack of suitable recipient vessels often hinders free tissue transfer for complex wound coverage in the buttock area. Here, we present a case involving sequential latissimus dorsi and omental free flap coverage to address a large gluteal skin and soft-tissue defect. Our experience highlights the importance of meticulous reconstructive planning and the appropriate selection of recipient vessels for successful buttock reconstruction.
Diego de Riaño, Diego Siloé y la arquitectura en la transición al Renacimiento
Authors: Ampliato Briones Antonio Luis , López Guzmán Rafael , Rodríguez Estévez Juan Clemente
Published: February 2025

Este volumen de autoría colectiva gira en torno a la producción arquitectónica de Diego de Riaño y Diego Siloé, dos grandes maestros del siglo XVI español, nacidos en el norte peninsular, cuyas obras quedaron diseminadas por los antiguos reinos de Sevilla y Granada, focos fundamentales de la transición al Renacimiento en la España del emperador Carlos V. En el contexto de la gran transformación experimentada por la arquitectura española en las primeras décadas del XVI, Riaño y Siloé encarnan dos modos muy diferentes de incorporar las novedades procedentes de Italia y de ofrecer respuestas a las nuevas circunstancias y exigencias. Además de las áreas fundamentales de influencia de estos dos maestros, se aborda también el estudio de la situación del resto de España y de las vecinas tierras de la Europa meridional, buscando otras experiencias constructivas que corrieron en paralelo, cuya actualización nos permite enriquecer el conocimiento de estos singulares procesos de transición.
Exporting Antiquities and Protecting Monuments: Beginnings of Ottoman legislation on the protection of ancient heritage as recorded by Polish travelers
Authors: Dziewczopolska Dominika
Published: February 2025

In the 19th century, the number of European travelers visiting the Anatolian Peninsula and Constantinople was on the increase. The interest they took in the Greek-Roman past of these areas resulted in intensive digging of the ancient sites and led to the illegal exportation of monuments to Europe. In an attempt to stop this illegal practice, the authorities of the Ottoman Empire made efforts to implement modern law-making. Consequently, new legal acts were introduced in 1869, 1874, and 1884. These documents testify to the evolution in attitudes toward the protection and maintenance of heritage. Changes that occurred also involved the development of museology. The written accounts of Polish travelers provide an opportunity to trace how the legalities were (or were not) implemented and enforced. These testimonies offer, though in a somewhat sketchy manner, insight into the birth and growth of antiquities collection in the first Ottoman museum.
Análise de permeabilidade de máscaras desenvolvidas para enfrentamento de emergências e desastres biológicos: pesquisa laboratorial
Authors: Risi Lisandra Rodrigues , Carmo Annibal José Roris Rodriguez Scavarda do , Wongchai Anupong , Khan Shahadat , Bernardes Margarida Maria Rocha , Oliveira Alexandre Barbosa de
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: analisar permeabilidade do ar de máscaras desenvolvidas para enfrentamento de emergências biológicas. Método: estudo laboratorial, com testes de modelos de máscaras de tecido com inserção de elemento filtrante em celulose (LisLu20®), confeccionados durante pandemia do coronavírus tipo-2, máscaras cirúrgicas descartáveis, PFF2/N95, e máscaras domésticas em algodão. Análises realizadas em maio e junho de 2020, de acordo com norma ASTM D 737:2018. Resultados: realizados seis ensaios para dez unidades de cada máscara. LisLu20® (a) - duas camadas: 8,6 cm³/s/cm²; LisLu20® (b) - três camadas tipo asiática: 6,2 cm³/s/cm²; LisLu20® (c) - três camadas tipo PFF2/N95: 4,8 cm³/s/cm²; máscara cirúrgica descartável: 18,0 cm³/s/cm²; máscara PFF2/N95: 10,2 cm³/s/cm²; máscara de malha de algodão: 31,1 cm³/s/cm². Conclusão: máscaras LisLu20® realizaram barreira física e com método de prevenção/redução de riscos para infecções respiratórias Produto doméstico, barato e sustentável, serviu de apoio emergencial complementar para reduzir os impactos da escassez de máscaras cirúrgicas descartáveis.
Developing and delivering a digital educational tool with an oral health focus
Authors: Bestwick Caroline , Grocott Thomas , Carter Vanda
Published: February 2025

The delivery of oral health care has been identified as an important part of holistic patient care. Many patients may neglect their own oral health, oral hygiene and self-care when they are hospitalised due to feeling unwell. The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust nursing quality team endeavoured to change their Trust's culture relating to oral health management for all adult inpatients. To facilitate ongoing action relating to oral hygiene and health education and training, a bespoke, mandatory digital learning package was designed, developed and delivered to relevant clinical staff at the Trust.
Paediatric Musculoskeletal Infection– A Review
Authors:   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi, India., Upadhyay Ashish , Garg Varun ,   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi, India., Agarwal Anil ,   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi, India., Sachdeva Kishmita ,   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi, India., KS Ankitha ,   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi, India., Salot Jainam ,   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi, India.
Published: February 2025

Acute paediatric musculoskeletal infections (MSKI) include septic arthritis, acute osteomyelitis and pyomyositis. Prompt treatment is necessary to prevent long term disabilities in children. Explore medical topics like blood flow, natural remedies, and pill effects. Discover how pharmaceutical companies innovate treatments, impacting health. Learn about blood pressure influences and timing medication efficacy. In this review, we discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of MSKI. We also discuss about the role of new markers of inflammation and MRI in MSKI. The clinical presentation is variable, depending upon the age group, and difficult to distinguish from other pathologies. Diagnosis is therefore based on not only clinical presentation but also laboratory and radiological investigations. The mainstay of treatment includes antibiotic therapy, and surgical decompression.

Keywords: Septic arthritis, Musculoskeletal infections, Osteomyelitis, Pyomyositis
Complex Revisions in Total Hip Arthroplasty Amidst COVID-19 Delays: A Case Report
Authors:   Central Institute of Orthopaedics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India., Talwar Jatin , Keer Navdeep Singh ,   Central Institute of Orthopaedics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India., Krishna Loveneesh G ,   Central Institute of Orthopaedics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India., Rustagi Ashish ,   Central Institute of Orthopaedics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India., Siwach Ishaan ,   Central Institute of Orthopaedics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head and its subsequent management through total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery, especially in cases with long-term complications. This case report is crucial as it documents the unprecedented journey of a 69-year-old female patient who underwent multiple revision surgeries over three decades, culminating in a complex surgical intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic. To the best of our knowledge, only a handful of cases have been reported in the literature that explores the compounded effects of delayed surgical intervention due to a global pandemic on a patient with a history of multiple hip arthroplasty revisions.

Case Report: The patient, a 69-year-old female, initially presented with AVN of the left femoral head in 1994, for which she underwent an isoelastic cemented total hip replacement. Over the years, she required two revision surgeries due to implant loosening. In 2021, she presented with a dislocated femoral head and loosening of the cemented acetabular cup. The COVID-19 pandemic delayed operative intervention, leading to worsening complications, including proximal migration of the dislocated components. In 2022, a complex surgical procedure was performed, involving acetabular defect reconstruction and femoral shortening osteotomy, with the implantation of a new prosthetic body and a bipolar head. The surgery successfully restored hip stability, allowing the patient to walk with reduced risk of further complications.

Conclusion: This case underscores the complexities of managing long-term complications in patients with a history of multiple revision hip arthroplasties, particularly when external factors like the COVID-19 pandemic delay necessary interventions. The successful outcome of the case highlights the importance of personalized treatment strategies and adaptive surgical approaches in addressing severe complications. This case provides valuable insights for orthopedic surgeons and may have broader implications for managing similar cases in the future, especially in scenarios where timely surgical intervention is compromised by external challenges.

Keywords: Avascular necrosis, total hip arthroplasty, revision hip arthroplasty, COVID-19, orthopedic surgery.
A Case of “Subtle” Missed Complex Elbow Dislocation – Learning from Mistakes Made on Plain Radiography
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Khan Asad , Siddiqui Yasir Salam ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Abbas Mohd. Baqar ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Rahman Mohd. Arshad ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Agrawal Pranjal ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Sharma Nikhil ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Chronic elbow dislocation is a profoundly debilitating condition characterized by severe instability, limited elbow function, and significant pain. The term “neglected dislocation of the elbow” refers to a traumatic elbow dislocation that has gone untreated for three weeks or longer. Successfully treating this condition presents a challenge, as it involves restoring elbow stability and achieving a decent range of motion, which can be particularly complex.

Case Report: We present a case involving a 34-year-old male patient who experienced a complex dislocation of his right elbow joint. Initial diagnosis at our emergency department missed the elbow dislocation, but a follow-up visit three weeks later revealed the true extent of the injury. Fortunately, successful closed reduction resulted in the patient regaining full range of motion, with a Mayo Elbow Performance Score of 90.

Conclusion: This case report serves to underscore the essential nature of accurate diagnosis and treatment of elbow dislocations, both clinically and radiologically, to prevent future complications.

Keywords: Elbow dislocation, missed, complex, subtle.