bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indigenous Food Preservation and Management of Postharvest Losses among the Akan of Ghana
Authors: Quan-Baffour Kofi
Published: September 2016

The rapid population increase has consequences on food security in Africa. The policies of the colonialists protected European markets and discouraged the growth of indigenous agro- industries in Africa. In Ghana much food is produced during the harvest seasons but greater part of it gets rotten due to lack of preservation or storage facilities. Despite the negative attitude of the colonialists towards local products indigenous food preservation continued unabated although limited to the aging population in the rural areas. The purpose of this chapter is to share the Akan heritage of indigenous food preservation as a strategy to manage postharvest losses and ensure food security and sustainable livelihoods. The chapter which emanated from an ethnographic study used interviews and observations for data collection. The study found that the Akan communities without agro-industries use their indigenous knowledge and skills to preserve food and create jobs. The chapter concluded that in this era of Africa's rebirth its people should utilize indigenous food processing skills to reduce postharvest losses and ensure food security. It was recommended that the government of Ghana should provide financial support to make indigenous agro-industries sustainable.
Tackling the Preservation of African Tales in the Technological Era
Authors: Abankwah Diana A. , Abankwah Ruth M.
Published: September 2016

It appears that the great story-tellers of the Ghanaian society and the traditional singers, bards and griots were the “knowledge houses” of the Ghanaian society. This tradition is slowly dying out in the technological era. This study sought to determine the extent to which the Anansesem oral tradition is still practiced among Ghanaians living outside Ghana, particularly Botswana and Ghana where the study was conducted. The study employed an exploratory qualitative approach using interviews. The findings reveal that although elders and storytellers were able to weave morals into children's activities from a very young age, Ghanaians who were not raised speaking their native tongue find it difficult to relate to the messages woven deeply into the Ananse stories. The study concludes that globalisation has reduced the importance Ghanaians attach to Ananse stories. The authors see a need for strategies to be put in place to resuscitate the oral story telling tradition of Anansesem.
Play, Think, Design
Authors: Leclerc Rémi
Published: September 2016

Designing requires the simultaneous application of diverse modes of thinking and making; the administration of a set of competences, among them creativity, ranked most important by Hong Kong Polytechnic University School of Design faculty members. An introductory design thinking subject offered by the School uses Play as a means to foster best design learning experiences. It leverages Play's integrative cultural agency to facilitate students' acquisition of creative and instrumental thinking skills. From the formulation of a hypothesis and identification of a context, to subsequent iterative development and testing of a design proposition, the acquisition of fundamental creative design thinking skills are facilitated by play and demonstrated over the course of a project. A survey questionnaire (N=219) and subsequent factor analysis revealed positive student feedback. This chapter describes how the subject was implemented, and suggests how this blend of international cultural influences informing design education could serve China's creativity and innovation industries.
20 Years of Doctoral Research Studies in Design in Hong Kong
Authors: Siu Kin Wai Michael , Garcia Giovanni J. Contreras
Published: September 2016

For the past 50 years, the School of Design of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University has been a pioneer in nurturing design education in Asia. It is also one of the first schools in the region to grant PhDs in “Design” serving as a role model for other universities in the region. Since the 1990s, the school has produced tens of PhD degree holders across different design specialties. However, as times change and knowledge plays a more fundamental role in the economy, the ability to produce quality design researchers, capable of creating deep and specific insights will become fundamental for the future of design in the region. In this chapter we review the emergence, growth and future of the PhD programme at the school of design of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University against a landscape of challenges of doctoral research education, particularly in the case of design. We also discuss the strategies used in the past, present and future, as the school moves into a new era of economic and geopolitical scenarios in the 21 century.
Eye-Tracking as a Research Methodology in Educational Context
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro , Rosa Pedro J.
Published: September 2016

A large body of educational research has been keen to the processes and outcomes of learning. Usually, clinical interviews, self-report measures or behavioral assessment procedures have been the most frequently used techniques to assess cognitive activities during learning. Equally, such approaches often suffer from validity issues. The eye-tracking methodology can be used to overcome some limitations in the study of cognitive processes linked to learning and performance. Therefore, this chapter aims to show how eye movement studies can be used to link ocular metrics to learning processes (e.g. language acquisition, reading, memory). The authors cover a topic that ranges from the paradigm shift in the theories of learning, through eye movement applications and measures, to the contribution of eye tracking methodology to investigate learning processes in educational settings.
Tracking Children's Interactions with Traditional Text and Computer-Based Early Literacy Media
Authors: De Pasquale Domenica , Wood Eileen , Gottardo Alexandra , Jones Jeffery A. , Kaplan Rachel , DeMarco Arden
Published: September 2016

Early literacy skills have been the focus of considerable research for the past two decades. Many instructional interventions have been developed to help improve children's acquisition of key skills – among the most recent is an array of software programs. In this chapter we review the foundations for software design, instructional theories related to computer media-based instruction and an assessment of how children interact with the visual information provided in children's software. In particular, the chapter will highlight current research examining what features of software design impact children's ability to attend and learn from this media. Eye tracking technology has been used in research on early literary to better understand how learning occurs. This chapter identifies how eye-tracking technology can facilitate understanding of how young children interact with literacy tools in computer-mediated contexts.
Using Eye-Tracking Technology to Understand How Graphic Organizers Aid Student Learning
Authors: Luo Linlin , Kiewra Kenneth A. , Peteranetz Markeya S. , Flanigan Abraham E.
Published: September 2016

In the past three decades, several studies have found an achievement advantage for studying graphic organizers such as a hierarchy or matrix over studying linear displays such as a text or outline (e.g., Dye, 2000; Guri-Rosenblit, 1989; Kauffman & Kiewra, 2010). However, little was learned about how students study graphic organizers and the cognitive processes involved. Recently, the advancement of eye-tracking technology has provided a means to examine how students actually study graphic organizers and the types of processing that occur. The purpose of this chapter is to explore how eye-tracking technology can be used to understand how graphic organizers aid student learning. Specifically, this chapter introduces graphic organizer research and theory, reviews recent research that used eye-tracking technology to study graphic organizers, and offers future research directions.
The Use of Eye-Tracking in Spatial Thinking Research
Authors: Nazareth Alina , Odean Rosalie , Pruden Shannon M.
Published: September 2016

This chapter highlights the benefits of eye-tracking technology in spatial thinking research, specifically in the study of complex cognitive processes used to solve spatial tasks including cognitive strategy selection, cognitive strategy flexibility and spatial language processing. The consistent sex differences found in spatial thinking research (i.e., mental rotation), with males outperforming females, is concerning given the link between spatial ability and success in the STEM fields. Traditional methods like self-reports, checklists and response times methods may not be sufficient to study complex cognitive processes. Advances in eye-tracking technology make it possible to efficiently record and analyze voluminous eye-gaze data as an indirect measure of underlying cognitive processes involved in solving spatial tasks. A better understanding of the cognitive processes underlying spatial thinking will facilitate the design of effective training and educational pedagogy that encourages spatial thinking across both males and females.
Humoral Immunity Provides Resident Intestinal Eosinophils Access to Luminal Antigen via Eosinophil-Expressed Low-Affinity Fcγ Receptors
Authors: Smith Kalmia M. , Rahman Raiann S. , Spencer Lisa A.
Published: September 2016

Eosinophils are native to the healthy gastrointestinal tract and are associated with inflammatory diseases likely triggered by exposure to food allergens (e.g., food allergies and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders). In models of allergic respiratory diseases and in vitro studies, direct Ag engagement elicits eosinophil effector functions, including degranulation and Ag presentation. However, it was not known whether intestinal tissue eosinophils that are separated from luminal food Ags by a columnar epithelium might similarly engage food Ags. Using an intestinal ligated loop model in mice, in this study we determined that resident intestinal eosinophils acquire Ag from the lumen of Ag-sensitized but not naive mice in vivo. Ag acquisition was Ig-dependent; intestinal eosinophils were unable to acquire Ag in sensitized Ig-deficient mice, and passive immunization with immune serum or Ag-specific IgG was sufficient to enable intestinal eosinophils in otherwise naive mice to acquire Ag in vivo. Intestinal eosinophils expressed low-affinity IgG receptors, and the activating receptor FcγRIII was necessary for Ig-mediated acquisition of Ags by isolated intestinal eosinophils in vitro. Our combined data suggest that intestinal eosinophils acquire lumen-derived food Ags in sensitized mice via FcγRIII Ag focusing and that they may therefore participate in Ag-driven secondary immune responses to oral Ags.
Childhood disability in Turkana, Kenya: Understanding how carers cope in a complex humanitarian setting
Authors: Zuurmond Maria , Nyapera Velma , Mwenda Victoria , Kisia James , Rono Hilary , Palmer Jennifer
Published: September 2016

Background: Although the consequences of disability are magnified in humanitarian contexts, research into the difficulties of caring for children with a disability in such settings has received limited attention.Methods: Based on in-depth interviews with 31 families, key informants and focus group discussions in Turkana, Kenya, this article explores the lives of families caring for children with a range of impairments (hearing, vision, physical and intellectual) in a complex humanitarian context characterised by drought, flooding, armed conflict, poverty and historical marginalisation.Results: The challenging environmental and social conditions of Turkana magnified not only the impact of impairment on children, but also the burden of caregiving. The remoteness of Turkana, along with the paucity and fragmentation of health, rehabilitation and social services, posed major challenges and created opportunity costs for families. Disability-related stigma isolated mothers of children with disabilities, especially, increasing their burden of care and further limiting their access to services and humanitarian programmes. In a context where social systems are already stressed, the combination of these factors compounded the vulnerabilities faced by children with disabilities and their families.Conclusion: The needs of children with disabilities and their carers in Turkana are not being met by either community social support systems or humanitarian aid programmes. There is an urgent need to mainstream disability into Turkana services and programmes.
Public health policy in a time of change and disaster in South Africa: 1910–1920
Authors: Bain Edwin G. , Venter Jan
Published: September 2016

With the establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910, the central focus of the newly appointed government was to alter and consolidate the policies of the pre-Union colonies that differed materially in many respects and to substitute them with uniform policies that had to be implemented as a consolidated whole for the Union. This central focus was applied to a number of policies, notably those for the black people, immigration, education, labour, national defence and the development and implementation of railway, mining and agricultural policies. However, an omission occurred with regard to the consideration of a comprehensive public health policy by the political parties and the Union Parliament, consisting of white people only. This article examines this omission during the first 10 years of the Union of South Africa (1910–1920), during the three 5-yearly general elections (on 15 September 1910, 20 October 1915 and 10 March 1920), and argues that this lack of consideration of a comprehensive public health policy can be found in the theory of party political responsible government during unification, which was further developed by Kavanagh, that party political manifestos act as the guiding force behind the policy matters that are discussed and decided upon in Parliament. The article confirms that the reason for not establishing a comprehensive public health policy prior to the outbreak of the influenza epidemic in 1918 was the incidental and piecemeal fashion in which expressions on public health appeared in the published party political manifestos, which in turn influenced the proceedings of Parliament. This political negligence was, however, quickly overturned by Parliament immediately after the epidemic, showing the influence of this demographic disaster on political thinking and action.
An assessment of rehabilitation success in an African grassland using ants as bioindicators
Authors: Jamison Samantha-Leigh , Robertson Mark , Engelbrecht Ian , Hawkes Peter
Published: September 2016

Many studies that evaluate rehabilitation make use of invertebrate bioindicators. Invertebrates, especially ants, make useful indicators as they are sensitive to environmental change. We compared ant assemblages in rehabilitated and control sites in the Rietvlei Nature Reserve, a protected area important for grassland conservation in South Africa. Pitfall traps were used to sample ant assemblages at six control sites and six rehabilitated sites. In addition, environmental and vegetation surveys were conducted at each site. We found that the ant assemblages differed significantly between the control and rehabilitated sites, although there was considerable overlap; the control sites supported a greater species density and higher abundance of ants than the rehabilitated sites. In total, 36 ant species were collected (control sites: 34 species; rehabilitated sites: 26 species). The environmental survey revealed that percentages of bare ground and coarse sand, as well as soil pH, differed significantly between the control and rehabilitated sites. The control and rehabilitated sites also supported significantly different plant assemblages. Three indicator ant species were identified for the control sites: Crematogaster rectinota, Crematogaster amita and Monomorium fastidium. No indicator species were identified for the rehabilitated sites. These results suggest that recovery from the previous agricultural use of the area is still incomplete and highlights the lack of research examining the success of rehabilitation in the grassland biome.Conservation implications: The present study illustrates the need for further research on rehabilitation techniques utilised in the grassland biome. This is of value as the remainder of South African grasslands are considered critically endangered.
T.T. Cloete as literary critic, theoretician and historian (Part 1): Columns, anthologies and literary criticism
Authors: Van Coller Hendrik
Published: September 2016

This article deals with the narrative approach in scholarship. Narrative research had seldom been seen as explanatory, but rather descriptive and in general had an emancipatory aim in the sense that absent or marginalised ‘stories’ were foregrounded. According to Hyvärinen (2006:2011) there had been not one but four ‘narrative turns’ since 1960: in narratology, historiography, methodology and in the social sciences. This article falls in the ambit of a narrative methodology by its personal approach, use of a case study and by its focus on a neglected aspect of the oeuvre of T.T. Cloete. Siegfried Schmidt, in Hjort (1992:225–249), discerned four ‘roles’ within the Literary System, that of literary production, dissemination, reception and literary processing. According to this definition T.T. Cloete, the well-known author and critic, played all of these roles. In the first part of the article the focus was mainly on Cloete as the writer of columns, anthologist, creative writer and literary critic.
Precise breast implant placement using percutaneous chest wall markings
Authors: Joethy Janna , Tan Bien-Keem
Published: September 2016

Background: Traditionally, pre-operative breast markings are usually made using an indelible marker. These markings are at risk of being removed by pre-operative cleaning, positional changes and parenchymal changes post-incision. We present our approach to breast surgery with rib or intercostal markings using methylene blue. Methods: Using an indelible marker, markings are made on the breast and the inframammary crease. A blue needle (23 G) mounted on a 1 ml syringe is prepared, and aliquots of 0.1 ml of methylene blue are injected. Excessive infiltration and pre-operative local anaesthetic infiltration result in diffusion of the dye and difficulty with accuracy. Dye is injected directly over the bony periosteum closest to the inframammary fold. Results: We achieved good symmetry of bilateral breast implants. Photographs were taken pre-operative and 3 months post-operative and were evaluated independently by medical officers. All results were rated as good or very good. We had 39 patients and follow-up was between 3 and 24 months. There were no implant-related complications. Conclusions: For accurate implant placement, a fixed position must be found. Our technique utilises the relative immobility of the ribs for accurate implant placement. Disadvantages to our method were few, and we had two cases of dizziness or patients feeling faint due to pain. There is also a potential allergic or anaphylaxis reaction, but we did not experience any allergic reaction.
Free toe pulp flap for finger pulp and volar defect reconstruction
Authors: Balan Jyoshid R.
Published: September 2016

Background: Fingertip injury requiring flap cover is very common in the modern era. The ideal cover should fulfill both functional and aesthetic improvement. Materials and Methods: From June 2015 to April 2016, we performed seven free toe pulp flaps for finger defect reconstruction. All patients were males. Five flaps were done in emergency post-traumatic cases, and two were done in elective set up. The cases included reconstruction of three thumbs, one index and one ring finger in an emergency set up and two ring fingers in the elective. Thumb reconstruction was done with great toe lateral pulp and the other digits reconstructed with second toe pulp flap. Follow-up evaluation included both functional and aesthetic assessment. Results: Five flaps survived completely, one suffered partial loss, and one flap failed completely. The median follow-up period was 9 months. The median duration of surgery was 255 min (range 210 to 300 min). The median two-point discrimination was 6.5 mm (range 4–8 mm). There was the return of temperature sensation in all patients; two had cold intolerance. The Semmes-Weinstein monofilament score varied from 3.61 to 5.07 (median filament index value 4.31/pressure value of 2 g/mm2). Three patients had delayed donor site wound healing. Conclusions: The free toe pulp flap is an efficient choice for fingertip and volar finger defects reconstruction with an excellent tissue match.
Free gracilis flap for chest wall reconstruction in male patient with Poland syndrome after implant failure
Authors: Cherubino Mario , Maggiulli Francesca , Pellegatta Igor , Valdatta Luigi
Published: September 2016

Poland’s syndrome (PS) is a congenital monolateral deformity that may involve breast, chest wall, and upper limb with different degrees of clinical expressions. In some cases, the problem is mainly cosmetic, and the reconstruction should be performed to achieve minimal scarring and donor site morbidity. The authors describe a case report of a male patient with PS who developed a severe capsular contraction after 25 years implant reconstruction, who was treated after explantation using free gracilis flap (FGF). In this patient, only the pectoralis major muscle was missing. An FGF was performed to reconstruct the anterior axillary fold and the soft tissue defect. There was no flap loss, the patient had a clearly improved appearance of the chest wall, and the pain syndrome was solved. In this case report, we demonstrate our experience with the use of an FGF for chest wall reconstruction in male patients with PS after prosthesis explantation.
Absolute Continuity of Wasserstein Barycenters Over Alexandrov Spaces
Authors: Jiang Yin
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we prove that on a compact, n-dimensional Alexandrov space with curvature at least −1, the Wasserstein barycenter of Borel probability measures μ1 ,… , μm is absolutely continuous with respect to the n-dimensional Hausdorff measure if one of them is.
Identification de mutations à l’origine de différents phénotypes chez les ânes
Authors: Legrand Romain , Abitbol Marie
Published: September 2016

Identification of mutations at the origin of various phenotypes in donkeys.

From 1990s, many results have described punctual mutations in the genes responsible for different colors of dresses of horses, but to day no study had been achieved for the asinine species, which display very different phenotypes although a close phylogenetic neighboring. Our study was designed to try to establish the genetic basis of two features : the long hair dress found in Baudets du Poitou, and the discoloration observed around the muzzle, eyes and limbs and which is called Light Point. We have so adopted an approach by candidate genes from the existing literature in horses and other mammals. By this approach two mutations have been identified in the gene FGF5 responsible for the phenotype

long hair and one mutation in the gene ASIP was associated with the phenotype No Light Point.
L’expérience pionnière Virtual Vet entreprise en 2012 à Oniris pour compléter la formation clinique grâce à des apprentissages par simulation
Authors: Saï Pierre
Published: September 2016

Les Écoles Nationales Vétérinaires françaises (ENVF) veillent à ce que le socle de compétences médicales soit consolidé par la formation clinique au sein des Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires Vétérinaires (CHUV). Mais celle-ci a des limites liées à la rareté de certains cas et au respect du bien être animal. En 2012 et pour la première fois dans les ENVF, le directeur d’Oniris a souhaité compléter la formation clinique par des apprentissages par simulation. Cette stratégie, dénommée Virtual Vet, est rapportée dans cette communication. Virtual Critical Care et son mannequin haute-fidélité Simdog ® , acquis grâce à une chaire d’entreprise avec le Crédit Agricole, simule des situations d’urgence-réanimation. Ont également été installés : une salle d’autoapprentissage de gestes de base, une formation numérique en histopathologie, des mannequins pour palpations internes chez le cheval et chez la vache, un simulateur pour formation chirurgicale robotisée. Nous avons construit, avec la société Hill’s, la première Chaire d’entreprise des ENVF, permettant des consultations simulées et constituant le premier démonstrateur européen de formation à la communication clinique. L’ambition est qu’en soutien au CHUV coexiste un CHUV virtuel, avec plusieurs avantages. Il contribue à l’obligation de former des vétérinaires exemplaires en matière de bien être animal. Chaque étudiant reproduit de nombreuses fois ses réactions face à une situation. Les simulations sont mutualisables à distance entre ENV. La simulation programmable permet de former les diplômés à l’animation d’équipes. Cette pédagogie représente un outil puissant de formation continue. Ces dispositifs existent pour la formation hospitalière humaine nantaise, avec laquelle Oniris collabore sur ce sujet selon la stratégie d’une santé de l’animal à l’homme. Ces évolutions gagneraient à être développées simultanément dans une fédération des quatre ENVF.
État des lieux et caractérisation des activités assistées par l’animal proposées en France aux enfants présentant des troubles du spectre autistique
Authors: Peyroutet-Philippe Claire
Published: September 2016

Assessment and characterisation of animal-assisted interventions proposed to children with autism spectrum disorders in France.

Animal assisted interventions (AAI) cause the emergence of a new category of service animals which aim to improve welfare and good health of people. AAI are very successful and are proposed to a variety of audiences including children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). ASD are neurodevelopmental conditions which require early, continuous, global and coordinate interventions needing involvement of an interdisciplinary team. AAI are not a therapy but can be a support for management and treatment of ASD. AAI are common in intervention facilities for children with ASD but there is no data to assess the extent and the practices of AAI. We decided to make an assessment of AAI for children with ASD within intervention facilities in France. A questionnaire was sent to 2645 facilities and 386 responded. 60,1% of surveyed facilities use AAI for children with ASD. A wide range of species, settings, professionals, activities and difficulties have all been able to be defined. Despite their strong motivation and their will to maintain the AAI, facilities encounter many difficulties. It would be appropriate to start providing information and guidance to help facilities in AAI. Involvement of veterinarians or other animal experts is especially missing and would be necessary in order to implement good practices with animals and to ensure animal welfare.
Réservoirs et vecteurs de bartonelles et de rickettsies en Nouvelle-Calédonie
Authors: Cabre Olivier , Dahmani Mustapha , Davoust Bernard , Mediannikov Oleg
Published: September 2016

Reservoirs and vectors of bartonellae and rickettsiae in New Caledonia.

Bartonellosis and rickettsiosis are vector-borne infections often asymptomatic in animals. In order to identify potential sources and vectors of Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp. infection in New Caledonia, we collected blood samples from 64 dogs, 8 cats, 30 cattle, 25 horses and 29 wild deer (Rusa timorensis).

329 associated blood-sucking parasites were also collected. We isolated four strains of Bartonella henselae from cats (50%) and six of Bartonella chomelii from cattle (20%). Deers (31%) were infected by Bartonella aff. schoenbuchensis. Rickettsia felis was detected in 81 % of 21 fleas collected from dogs and Bartonella clarridgeiae in 1% of fleas. Our data confirmed that Bartonella and Rickettsia

infections could be an increasing public health concern in Oceania and showed the interest of new molecular diagnostic tools for understanding these diseases.
Tviterasi, tviteraši or twitteraši? Producing and analysing a normalised dataset of Croatian and Serbian tweets
Authors: Miličević Maja , Ljubešić Nikola
Published: September 2016

In this paper we discuss the parallel manual normalisation of samples extracted from Croatian and Serbian Twitter corpora. We describe the datasets, outline the unified guidelines provided to annotators, and present a series of analyses of standard-to-non-standard transformations found in the Twitter data. The results show that closed part-of-speech classes are transformed more frequently than the open classes, that the most frequently transformed lemmas are auxiliary and modal verbs, interjections, particles and pronouns, that character deletions are more frequent than insertions and replacements, and that more transformations occur at the word end than in other positions. Croatian and Serbian are found to share many, but not all transformation patterns; while some of the discrepancies can be ascribed to the structural differences between the two languages, others appear to be better explained by looking at extralinguistic factors. The produced datasets and their initial analyses can be used for studying the properties of non-standard language, as well as for developing language technologies for non-standard data.
Omogočanje dostopa do korpusov slovenskih spletnih besedil v luči pravnih omejitev
Authors: Erjavec Tomaž , Čibej Jaka , Fišer Darja
Published: September 2016

Spletna besedila postajajo vse bolj relevanten vir informacij, korpuse tovrstnih besedil pa potrebujemo pri korpusnojezikoslovnih raziskavah in razvoju jezikovnih tehnologij za sodobno slovenščino. Čeprav so spletna besedila neposredno dostopna in je njihov zajem preprostejši od tiskanih, je izdelava takšnih korpusov še vedno zapletena, draga in zamudna. Ključno je, da poskrbimo, da se podobni podatki ne zbirajo večkrat, zato je nujno omogočiti njihovo čim večjo dostopnost čim širši raziskovalni skupnosti in zainteresirani javnosti. Tehničnih in prostorskih ovir za to sicer ni, vendar pri gradnji korpusa naletimo na številne omejitve v okviru zaščite avtorskih pravic, varstva osebnih podatkov in pogojev uporabe ponudnikov spletnih storitev. V prispevku predstavljamo pravno in dejansko stanje na teh področjih, opravimo pregled sorodnih tujih in domačih praks ter na primeru korpusa spletne slovenščine Janes predlagamo vrsto ukrepov, ki do največje možne mere omogočajo prosto in odprto razširjanje korpusov spletne slovenščine.
28. evropska poletna šola jezika, logike in informatike ESSLLI 2016
Authors: Marko Dafne , Škrjanec Iza , Čibej Jaka
Published: September 2016

28. evropska poletna šola jezika, logike in informatike ESSLLI 2016
Book Review: A monumental contribution to the genre of African philosophy
Authors: Agbo Joseph N
Published: September 2016

A review of [Existence and Consolation: Reinventing Ontology, Gnosis and Valuesin African Philosophy].Author: Ada AgadaEditor: Jonathan O. ChimakonamPublisher: Paragon House and 3rd Logic OptionNumber of Pages: 368Reviewer: Joseph N. AGBOSenior Lecturer, Department of Philosophy, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki
Análisis gráfico de los criterios de proyección de la Gran Vía de Colón de Granada y de su evolución constructiva
Authors: Martínez-Ramos e Iruela Roser , García Nofuentes Juan Francisco
Published: September 2016

La construcción de la Gran Vía de Colón de Granada se desarrolla entre 1898, año en el que se construye la Iglesia del Sagrado Corazón y 1934, fecha aproximada de finalización del edificio de la Caja de Previsión Social. A partir del análisis gráfico del plano de distribución de fincas del proyecto original, firmado en 1891 por el arquitecto municipal Modesto Cendoya y Busquets, de las tipologías edificatorias empleadas -modelo de vivienda de renta- y utilizando el dibujo como herramienta de interpretación de la cronología edificatoria, se revela la evolución de los criterios proyectuales iniciales de esta singular operación de apertura en contraste con el resultado final. Su ejecución estuvo permanentemente condicionada a circunstancias económicas y factores de improvisación que supusieron, entre otros efectos, la alteración del reparto original de solares, adaptándose a las vicisitudes económicas y técnicas sobrevenidas durante los treinta y seis años que duró su construcción.
Formas, cultura técnica y expresión arquitectónica
Authors: Jordá Such Cármen
Published: September 2016

El desarrollo de las técnicas del hormigón armado y la aparición de una tipología inédita, las cáscaras, propiciaron una sorprendente transformación del canon moderno, cuya valoración crítica necesita actualizarse a partir de nuevas hipótesis interpretativas. La exuberante y curvilínea obra arquitectónica de mediados del siglo xx se explica en este artículo desde la influencia de una ingeniería que ya había experimentado con la contribución resistente de la forma. Posteriormente, las ideas de arquitectura, estructura y escultura parecieron fundirse y confundirse bajo la ingente variedad de soluciones que un material moldeable como el hormigón podía desplegar. Se explora el territorio internacionalizado de las geometrías alabeadas, superficies regladas y perfiles parabólicos que, siguiendo la estela de Freyssinet, Dischinger, Torroja o Candela, entre otros, cautivaron a los arquitectos de toda una época, desde Saarinen a Utzon, incluyendo a los Smithson o al propio Le Corbusier, así como también a Niemeyer, Tange, Sert y una larguísima serie de nombres que todavía son referentes por la importancia de sus trayectorias.
Goethe y la arquitectura teatral
Authors: Rubio Garrido Alberto , Calduch Cervera Juan
Published: September 2016

Goethe, como dramaturgo y director del teatro de Weimar, se interesó por la arquitectura teatral, tal como quedó reflejado en sus dibujos arquitectónicos. El tipo de teatro descrito por Vitruvio, y su adaptación a la época moderna propuesta por Palladio en su teatro Olímpico de Vicenza, fueron los cauces por donde canalizó sus ideas. Todo esto quedó plasmado en varios esbozos dibujados y en el proyecto elaborado junto con el arquitecto Coudray tras el incendio del teatro de Weimar en 1825.
Studio Labayen-Aizpurua. Un laboratorio experimental neoplasticista
Authors: Villanueva Fernández María , Naya Villaverde Carlos
Published: September 2016

Con el desarrollo de las vanguardias a comienzos del siglo xx, se reaviva el debate iniciado tiempo atrás acerca de la relación del arte con la arquitectura y el mobiliario. El artículo plantea explorar cómo las nuevas formas artísticas penetran en el desarrollo de estas disciplinas, y se presentan como imagen de modernidad para algunos arquitectos que asumen este lenguaje formal y lo incorporan a sus obras. Para ello esta investigación analiza el caso particular del Studio de los arquitectos españoles José Manuel Aizpurua y Joaquín Labayen, quienes no sólo aplican el neoplasticismo a sus obras más tempranas –emulando a arquitectos como J.J.P. Oud, o P. Mondrian–, sino que también proponen una reinterpretación de la vanguardia moderna a través de su óptica personal. Más allá de una estética particular, la obra de arte es aplicada como solución espacial.
Editorial: Aproximación histórica al dibujo de arquitectura en España en el siglo XX
Authors: García Codoñer Ángela
Published: September 2016

La reflexión sobre el dibujo de arquitectura desde sus fases históricas, ya sean las de ideación, representación o proyección, es el argumento sobre el que venimos trabajando como especialistas en las páginas de EGA.
Building resilient communities: A facilitated discussion
Authors: Bowles, PhD Ron , Anderson, PhD Gregory S. , Vaughan, MEd Colleen
Published: September 2016

The Building Resilient Communities Workshop was hosted and organized by the Justice Institute of British Columbia, with the support of Emergency Management British Columbia and the Canadian Safety and Security Program, Defence Research and Development Canada, Centre for Security Science. Thirty-four participants from multiple levels of government, senior practitioners, policy makers, academia, community members, and a variety of agencies disseminated knowledge and developed concrete strategies and priority actions areas for supporting ongoing and emerging initiatives in community and disaster resilience planning. Identified strategies included development of an integrated national strategy and finding ongoing sustainability funding; increasing community engagement through information sharing, giving context-specific examples of anticipated outcomes, and demonstrating return on investment; as well as the need to engage and support local champions and embedding disaster resilience within other processes. A key message was that communities should be encouraged to use ANY tool or process, rather than struggling to find the perfect tool. Any engagement with disaster resilience planning increases community resilience.
Emergency management communication on university Web sites: A 7-year study
Authors: Brown, PhD Kelly L. , Holguin, BS Gina , Scott, BS Tara Halbrook
Published: September 2016

In the last several years, disasters—both manmade and natural—have taken their toll on college campuses. Extant research shows that college campuses have greatly increased their emergency management efforts. One area in which colleges and universities have made strides is emergency management communication. There has been some research examining emergency management communication across campuses, but there is still much to learn. This research fills a gap in this area by investigating the use of university Web sites to disseminate emergency management information to the university stakeholders. Data were gathered in 2007 and 2014 from the Web sites of public, 4-year universities in Indiana. The results show that universities are using the Internet to communicate emergency management information to their stakeholders. Among the most common categories of information available on the Web sites are links to other agencies, university response information, and threat levels. Implications for future research are discussed.
Combined effects of elevated pCO2 and temperature on biomass and carbon fixation of phytoplankton assemblages in the northern South China Sea
Authors: Gao Guang , Jin Peng , Liu Nana , Li Futian , Tong Shanying , Hutchins David A. , Gao Kunshan
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The individual influences of ocean warming and acidification on marine organisms have been investigated intensively, but studies regarding the combined effects of both global change variables on natural marine phytoplankton assemblages are still scarce. Even fewer studies have addressed possible differences in the responses of phytoplankton communities in pelagic and coastal zones to ocean warming and acidification. We conducted shipboard microcosm experiments at both off-shore (SEATS) and near-shore (D001) stations in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) under three treatments, low temperature (30.5 °C at SEATS and 28.5 °C at D001) and low pCO2 (390.0 µatm at SEATS and 420.0 µatm at D001) (LTLC), high temperature (33.5 °C at SEATS and 31.5 °C at D001) and low pCO2 (390 µatm at SEATS and 420 µatm at D001) (HTLC), and high temperature (33.5 °C at SEATS and 31.5 °C at D001) and high pCO2 (1000 µatm at SEATS and 1030 µatm at D001) (HTHC). Biomass of phytoplankton at both stations were enhanced by HT. HTHC did not affect phytoplankton biomass at station D001 but decreased it at station SEATS. At this offshore station HT alone increased daily primary productivity (DPP, µgC (µg chl a)−1 d−1) by ~ 64 %, and by ~ 117 % when higher pCO2 was added. In contrast, HT alone did not affect DPP and HTHC reduced it by ~ 15 % at station D001. HT enhanced the dark respiration rate (µg C (µg chl a)-1 d−1) by 64 % at station SEATS, but had no significant effect at station D001, and did not change the ratio of respiration to photosynthesis at either station. HTHC did not affect dark respiration rate (µg C (µg chl a)−1 d−1) at either station compared to LTLC. HTHC reduced the respiration to photosynthesis ratio by ~ 41 % at station SEATS but increased it ~ 42 % at station D001. Overall, our findings indicate that responses of coastal and offshore phytoplankton assemblages in NSCS to ocean warming and acidification are contrasting, with the pelagic phytoplankton communities being more sensitive to these two global change factors.
Mid-winter (DJF) temperature reconstruction in
Jerusalem since 1750 with some regional implications
Authors: Hochman Assaf , Saaroni Hadas , Bar-Matthews Miryam , Ziv Baruch , Alpert Pinhas
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This work presents a statistical reconstruction of average mid-winter (DJF) temperature in Jerusalem since 1750. It is a first comprehensive attempt to reconstruct the temperature in Jerusalem, as a good representation of the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) climate. This representativeness is verified here. The data has been reconstructed by using a statistical model based on Principal Component Regression (PCR), using both instrumental data and high temporal resolution records of proxy data, including tree ring chronologies from Jordan, and records of DJF precipitation and Sea Level Pressure from central and Western Europe. A split validation procedure has resulted in a 0.73 correlation between observed and reconstructed temperature. The warming trend of last decades is well noted in the reconstruction and is in line with other studies. Winters which were cold/warm were historically documented as wet/dry, respectively, consistent with earlier studies pointing a strong relationship between Jerusalem temperatures and precipitation. It is shown here for the first time that the 'First Aliyah' (immigration) to Israel during 1882-1904 initiated during favouring climate conditions (cool and wet) to establish an agricultural community in the region. These conditions were found to be exceptional compared to other periods since 1750.
Technical Note: Oxygen Optodes on Profiling Platforms: Update on Response Times, In-Air Measurements, and In-Situ Drift
Authors: Bittig Henry C. , Körtzinger Arne
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Oxygen optode measurements on floats and gliders suffer from a slow time response and sensors that are or eventually run out of calibration. Based on two dual-O2 Argo floats, we show how to post-correct for the effect of the optode’s time response and give an update on optode in-situ drift stability and in-air calibration. Both floats are equipped with an unpumped Aanderaa 4330 optode and a pumped Sea-Bird SBE63 optode. Response times for the pumped SBE63 were derived after Bittig et al. (2014). Also their methods were used to correct the time response bias. Using both optodes on each float, the time response regime of the unpumped Aanderaa optode was characterized more accurately than previously possible. Response times for the pumped SBE63 are in the range of 25–40 s, while they are between 60–95 s for the unpumped 4330 optode. Our parameterization can be employed to post-correct the slow optode time response on floats and gliders. After correction, both sensors agree to within 2–3 μmol kg−1 (median difference) in the strongest gradients (120 μmol kg−1 change over 8 minutes or 20 dbar) and better elsewhere. However, time response correction is only possible if measurement times are known, i.e., provided by the platform as well as transmitted and stored with the data. The O2 in-air measurements show a significant in-situ optode drift of −0.4 % yr−1 and −0.2 % yr−1, respectively. Optode in-air measurements are systematically biased high during mid-day surfacings compared to dusk, dawn, and nighttime. While preference can be given to nighttime surfacings to avoid this in-air calibration bias, we suggest a parameterization of the daytime effect as function of the sun’s elevation to be able to use all data and to better constrain the result. Taking all effects into account, calibration factors have an uncertainty of 0.1 %. In addition, in-air calibration factors vary by 0.1–0.2 % when using different reanalysis models as reference. The overall accuracy that can be achieved following the proposed correction routines is <1 μmol kg−1.
Neįgalumo būklė Lietuvoje
Authors: Samėnienė Jūratė , Savickas Raimondas , Sarkanaitė Brigita , Žemaitytė Greta , Vaitkevičiūtė Reda , Slavinskaitė Aistė , Atkočiūnas Marius
Published: September 2016

Šie metai – gailestingumo metai, todėl nemažai dėmesio skiriama neįgaliųjų problemoms Lietuvoje. Siekiama, jog neįgalieji ne tik ugdytų tikėjimą, bet ir bendruomenė juos pripažintų visaverčiais piliečiais. Darbo tikslai: įvertinti, ar Lietuvoje sukurta teisinė bazė, ginanti neįgaliųjų interesus bei įvertinti neįgalumą atspindinčių statistinių rodiklių dinamiką 10 metų laikotarpiu, atkreipiant dėmesį, kokios dažniausios vaikų ir darbingo amžiaus asmenų pirminio neįgalumo priežastys. Svarbiausias dokumentas, ginantis Lietuvos neįgaliųjų interesus, gerai sukurta teisinė bazė – „Lietuvos Respublikos neįgaliųjų socialinės integracijos įstatymas“.Šis įstatymas sudaro galimybes objektyviau įvertinti žmogaus gebėjimus dirbti, gauti būtinas medicininės, profesinės ir socialinės reabilitacijos paslaugas bei išmokas.2015 metais šalyje gyveno 260155 neįgalūs asmenys, iš jų neįgalūs vaikai sudarė 5,9 proc. (15544 asmenys). Dažniausios pirminio neįgalumo priežastys skirtingose lyties bei amžiaus grupėse: 18 – 30 metų amžiaus grupėje – psichikos ir elgesio sutrikimai, vyraujantys vyrų grupėje;30 – 45 metų amžiaus grupėje – navikiniai susirgimai,vyraujantys moterų grupėje; 45 – 64 metų amžiaus grupėje – kraujotakos sistemos ligos, vyraujančios vyrų grupėje. Tarp asmenų iki 18 m. (tiek berniukų, tiek mergaičių) pirmą kartą nustatytos dažniausios neįgalumo priežastys:psichikos ir elgesio sutrikimai (42 proc.), įgimtos formavimosi ydos, deformacijos ir chromosomų anomalijos (17 proc.), nervų sistemos ligos (9 proc.). Įvadas Popiežius Pranciškus šiuos metus paskelbė gailestingumo metais – tai įpareigoja mus įvertinti, ar pakankamai dėmesio skiriama neįgaliųjų problemoms Lietuvoje. Popiežius kvietė įsidėmėti du aspektus: viena vertus, suvokimą, kad galima ugdyti neįgalių asmenų tikėjimą, kad ir kokia būtų sunki negalia ir, antra vertus, siekimą neįgaliuosius pripažinti bendruomenės, kurioje jie gyvena, veiksmingais subjektais (11). Darbo tikslas – įvertinti, ar Lietuvoje sukurta teisinė bazė, ginanti neįgaliųjų interesus bei įvertinti neįgalumą atspindinčių statistinių rodiklių dinamiką 10 metų laikotarpiu, atkreipiant dėmesį, kokios dažniausios vaikų ir darbingo amžiaus asmenų pirminio neįgalumo priežastys.