bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Most Common Types of Physical Activity Self-Selected by People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Weikert Madeline , Dlugonski Deirdre , Balantrapu Swathi , Motl Robert W.
Published: April 2012

The promotion of physical activity for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) would benefit from information about the common types of physical activity self-selected by this population. This study examined the most frequent types of physical activity self-reported by a large sample of people with MS. The data were collected as part of the baseline assessment of a longitudinal investigation of physical activity in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). The participants (N = 272) were sent a battery of questionnaires through the US Postal Service that included the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire for assessing types of physical activity performed during the previous year. Walking was ranked number 1 for both the first and second most common types of physical activity self-selected by people with MS, and it was ranked number 4 as the third most common type of self-selected physical activity. Collectively, 79% of the sample reported walking as a frequent form of self-selected physical activity in the previous year. Other notable types of physical activities self-selected by people with MS were gardening (44%), weight training (34%), bicycling (30%), and calisthenics (20%). This information may assist clinicians and practitioners in the development of physical activity programs and recommendations for people with MS.
Potential Benefits of Nintendo Wii Fit Among People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Plow Matthew , Finlayson Marcia
Published: April 2012

We examined the potential of Nintendo Wii Fit (Nintendo Co, Ltd, Kyoto, Japan) to increase physical activity (PA) behavior and health among people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The study consisted of a repeated-measures design with a baseline control period and involved 30 people with MS who had the ability to walk 25 feet with or without a cane (26 individuals were included in the analyses). Nintendo Wii was set up in the homes of participants, who were prescribed a Wii Fit exercise program lasting 14 weeks, 3 days a week. The Physical Activity and Disability Survey, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, and 36-item Short Form Health Status Survey were administered three times before participants gained access to Wii Fit (control period, at 2-week intervals), and three times after they received Wii Fit (posttest 1: immediately after; posttest 2: 7 weeks after; posttest 3: 14 weeks after). Mobility, balance, strength, and weight were assessed at the first pretest, immediately prior to obtaining access to Wii Fit, and 7 weeks after obtaining access to Wii Fit. Results from the questionnaires indicated that PA significantly improved at week 7, but at week 14, PA levels declined relative to week 7 and the difference was no longer significant compared with the control period. Physical assessments indicated that balance and strength significantly improved at week 7. One adverse event was reported (repetitive knee injury). Physical assessments indicated that people with MS may be able to improve their fitness levels by using Wii Fit. Future studies should incorporate behavior change strategies to promote long-term use of Wii Fit, and explore whether individuals with more severe symptoms of MS can safely use Wii Fit.
Evaluating Walking in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bethoux Francois , Bennett Susan
Published: April 2012

Walking limitations are among the most visible manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS). Regular walking assessments should be a component of patient management and require instruments that are appropriate from the clinician's and the patient's perspectives. This article reviews frequently used instruments to assess walking in patients with MS, with emphasis on their validity, reliability, and practicality in the clinical setting. Relevant articles were identified based on PubMed searches using the following terms: “multiple sclerosis AND (walking OR gait OR mobility OR physical activity) AND (disability evaluation)”; references of relevant articles were also searched. Although many clinician- and patient-driven instruments are available, not all have been validated in MS, and some are not sensitive enough to detect small but clinically important changes. Choosing among these depends on what needs to be measured, psychometric properties, the clinical relevance of results, and practicality with respect to space, time, and patient burden. Of the instruments available, the clinician-observed Timed 25-Foot Walk and patient self-report 12-Item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale have properties that make them suitable for routine evaluation of walking performance. The Dynamic Gait Index and the Timed Up and Go test involve other aspects of mobility, including balance. Tests of endurance, such as the 2- or 6-Minute Walk, may provide information on motor fatigue not captured by other tests. Quantitative measurement of gait kinetics and kinematics, and recordings of mobility in the patient's environment via accelerometry or Global Positioning System odometry, are currently not routinely used in the clinical setting.
Barriers and Facilitators Related to Breast Cancer Screening
Authors: Todd Ana , Stuifbergen Alexa
Published: April 2012

Recent literature indicates that women with various types of chronic disabling conditions are less likely to participate in routine breast cancer screening than those without disabling conditions. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators related to breast cancer screening among women with multiple sclerosis (MS). A total of 36 women with MS, whose mean age was 55 years, participated in a semistructured interview in a private setting. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. The interview questions, informed by the Health Belief Model, addressed knowledge, experience, barriers, and facilitators related to breast cancer screening. Qualitative descriptive techniques were used to analyze the data. About 94% of the women in the sample were white, 67% were married, 47% had at least a bachelor's degree, and 31% were unemployed because of their disability. The results showed that 70% of these women had received annual mammograms and 50% had performed monthly breast self-examinations. Of the women who had not received mammograms, most (80%) had mobility limitations. Some of the women in this study described various environmental and intrapersonal barriers to breast cancer screening. Among these were barriers related to transportation, difficulty in positioning for the examination, health-care provider attitudes, not remembering, fear, discomfort, and “having enough to handle.” Facilitators included annual reminders and helpful health-care providers.
Perspectives on Self-Management in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Knaster Elizabeth S. , Yorkston Kathryn M. , Johnson Kurt , McMullen Kara A. , Ehde Dawn M.
Published: April 2012

The aim of this study was to elucidate the experience of self-management among people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and gather their input to inform a self-management intervention. Twelve people with MS participated in focus groups in which they were asked open-ended questions about MS symptoms, challenges, overcoming challenges, symptom management, and treatment preferences. The results suggest four major themes: 1) “The Everyday Experience of MS,” including comments about symptoms and their impact on functioning; 2) “Motivation for Self-Management,” including descriptions of motivation originating from physical necessity, success with other management techniques, and external sources; 3) “Coping Strategies and Skills,” including descriptions of changing behaviors, expanding social support networks, finding resources, utilizing medical treatment, and monitoring symptoms; and 4) “Vision for a Self-Management Intervention,” including suggestions that an intervention be individualized, be motivating, and provide resources. The results of this study can inform the design and implementation of self-management interventions. Experiences described by participants are consistent with other qualitative reports suggesting the active role people with MS play in managing their condition. Intervention approaches must consider the complex constellation of symptoms associated with MS and provide individualized treatments that enhance the person's ability to manage their symptoms, barriers presented by such symptoms, and their health care.
Effects of Meditation on Pain and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis and Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Tavee Jinny , Rensel Mary , Planchon Sarah M. , Butler Robert S. , Stone Lael
Published: April 2012

The objective of this study was to determine whether meditation affects pain and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and peripheral neuropathy (PN). A total of 22 patients (10 with MS, 12 with PN) participated in a weekly meditation class over a 2-month period. A total of 18 controls (7 with MS, 11 with PN) received standard care. Primary outcome assessments were based on the 36-item Short Form Health Status Survey (SF-36) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain at baseline and at 2 months. Secondary outcome measures included the Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS) for PN patients and the Patient-Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) questionnaire and 5-item Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS-5) for MS patients. After 2 months, study participants who practiced meditation reported an improvement in pain on the VAS (P = .035 combined group), summed physical health scores on the SF-36 (P = .011 MS, P = .014 PN), summed mental health scores (P = .02 combined group), vitality (P = .005 combined group), and physical role (P = .003 combined group). A significant improvement was also observed for bodily pain (P = .031) in MS patients. In contrast, no significant differences before and after the intervention were observed for controls. Regarding the secondary measure of fatigue, improved scores for the cognitive and psychosocial components of the MFIS were noted in MS patients in the intervention group (P = .037, P = .032). No statistically significant changes were observed in the NIS for PN patients or in PDDS scores for MS patients. Meditation may be helpful in reducing pain and improving quality of life in patients with MS and PN. The lack of changes seen in mobility (MS) and sensorimotor deficits (PN) suggests that meditation may not affect the overall clinical course.
Injectable Multiple Sclerosis Medications
Authors: Stewart Thomas M. , Tran Zung Vu
Published: April 2012

Although injection-site reactions (ISRs) occur with US Food and Drug Administration–approved injectable disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis, there are currently few reports of real-world data on ISR management strategies or possible correlations between ISRs and patient demographics, disease characteristics, and missed injections. Patient-reported data on the use of DMTs, patient demographic and disease characteristics, missed injections, and ISR reduction strategies were collected via e-mail, a patient registry (www.ms-cam.org), and a Web-based survey. Of the 1380 respondents, 1201 (87%) indicated that they had used injectable DMTs, of whom 377 (31%) had used intramuscular (IM) interferon beta-1a (IFNβ-1a), 172 (14%) had used subcutaneous (SC) IFNβ-1a, 183 (15%) had used SC IFNβ-1b, and 469 (39%) had used glatiramer acetate (GA). The majority of respondents were older (73% were ≥40 years), female (79%), married or living with a partner (72%), white (94%), and nonsmoking (82%). Injection-site reaction incidence, grouped according to severity, varied among DMTs, with IM IFNβ-1a causing significantly (P < .001) fewer mild, moderate, or severe ISRs than the other therapies. Female sex and younger age were significantly (P < .05) associated with more moderate ISRs among users of IM IFNβ-1a, SC IFNβ-1b, and GA. Nonwhites reported severe ISRs more often than whites. For all DMTs injection-site massage and avoidance of sensitive sites were the most frequently used strategies to minimize ISRs. These data may help identify patients with characteristics associated with a higher risk for ISRs, allowing health-care professionals to provide anticipatory guidance to patients at risk for decreased adherence or discontinuation.
Towards an Architectural History of Performance: Auxiliarity, Performance and Provision in Historical Persian Architectures
Authors: Hensel Michael , Hensel Defne Sunguroğlu , Gharleghi Mehran , Craig Salmaan
Published: April 2012

Despite its extensive empire, Persia historically presented a challenging environment for the building of structures and infrastructure. The mountainous landscape of the Iranian plateaus has an arid or semi‐arid climate with distinct seasonal variations and temperatures that fluctuated throughout the day. Despite this, water management and soil‐fertilisation strategies and passive environmental modulation in architecture were all highly developed previous to the 19th century so as to be finely attuned to the local context, while also responding to the greater demands of a centralised empire. Here Michael Hensel, Defne Sunguroğlu Hensel, Mehran Gharleghi and Salmaan Craig discuss and illustrate their detailed findings of the performance of historic structures. These include qanats (water canals), water cisterns, ice houses and pigeon houses as well as the seminal Khaju Bridge in Isfahan and the Boroujerdi's House in Kashan.
Persian Gardens and Landscapes
Authors: Faghih Nasrine , Sadeghy Amin
Published: April 2012

The verdant gardens of ancient Persia are a testament to this highly developed culture's resourcefulness and ability to not only source and direct water and irrigate the land in a hostile environment, but then to transform it into a manmade paradise. Here, Nasrine Faghih and Amin Sadeghy provide a historic outline of Persian garden typologies and their evolution over time, providing a focus on the central kiosk within the enclosed garden, highlighting the synergy between climate, resources and place.
Practices @ Home: Assimilating the Past and the Present for a Visionary Architecture
Authors: Gharleghi Mehran
Published: April 2012

Guest‐Editor Mehran Gharleghi describes the work of four Iranian practices ‐ Fluid Motion Architects (FMA), Pouya Khazaeli Parsa, Arsh Design Studio and Kourosh Rafiey/Asar Consultant Engineers' Co) ‐ that are worthy of international attention. Over the last decade, all have distinguished themselves by developing a body of work ‘that is not only globally informed but also conscious and proud of its local, regional and national identity’.
Iran in the Regional Context
Authors: Derakhshani Farrokh
Published: April 2012

For much of its history, Iran was part of an extensive empire with far‐reaching trade and cultural networks. The current political situation, however, has often led to a misplaced patriotism that has emphasised the heritage of the nation state over its connections across the region. Farrokh Derakhshani flags up the danger of appropriating a wider common heritage from a local rather than a global perspective, and looks at Iran in the wider context of its immediate neighbours.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Centered Nine‐Membered Boron Rings: M@B9 and M@B‐9 (M: Rh, Ir).
Authors: Li Wei‐Li , Romanescu Constantin , Galeev Timur R. , Piazza Zachary A. , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Wang Lai‐Sheng
Published: April 2012

The transition‐metal‐centered boron clusters M©B‐9 (M: Rh, Ir) are produced in a laser‐vaporization supersonic molecular beam and characterized by PES and quantum chemical ab initio calculations at different levels of theory.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Arsenides A2Zn2As3 (A: Sr, Eu) and Their Stuffed Derivatives A2Ag2ZnAs3.
Authors: Stoyko Stanislav S. , Khatun Mansura , Mar Arthur
Published: April 2012

The title compounds are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (800 °C, 7 d) and characterized by single crystal XRD, electrical resistivity measurements, and TB‐LMTO‐ASA band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: A Vacancy‐Disordered, Oxygen‐Deficient Perovskite with Long‐Range Magnetic Ordering: Local and Average Structures and Magnetic Properties of Sr2Fe1.5Cr0.5O5.
Authors: Ramezanipour Farshid , Greedan John E. , Siewenie Joan , Donaberger Ronald L. , Turner Stuart , Botton Gianluigi A.
Published: April 2012

The metastable oxygen‐deficient title compound is characterized by powder X‐ray and neutron diffraction and EELS.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation on Pseudosymmetry, Twinning and Disorder in Crystal Structure Determinations: Ba(H2O)M2III [PO3(OH)]4 (M: Fe, V) as Examples.
Authors: Sun Wei , Huang Ya‐Xi , Pan Yuanming , Mi Jin‐Xiao
Published: April 2012

Small average standard uncertainty of bond distances as an extremely sensitive criterion for determination of space groups is used to determine the crystal structures of the title compounds by single crystal XRD from twinned crystals.
ChemInform Abstract: K0.25Mn2O4 Nanofiber Microclusters as High Power Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries.
Authors: Zhang Chaofeng , Feng Chuanqi , Zhang Peng , Guo Zaiping , Chen Zhixin , Li Sean , Liu Huakum
Published: April 2012

The title microclusters are hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous solution of Mn(OAc)2, KNO3, and 2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4 (autoclave, 80—130 °C, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to the Preparation of Nitrogen‐Doped Titania Visible Light Photocatalyst.
Authors: Kachina Anna , Puzenat Eric , Ould‐Chikh Samy , Geantet Christophe , Delichere Pierre , Afanasiev Pavel
Published: April 2012

Highly dispersed N‐doped TiO2 is prepared by treatment of TiO2 powders with NH3/CCl4 mixtures at 450—600 °C for 3 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxothiomolybdenum Derivatives of the Superlacunary Crown Heteropolyanion {P8W48}: Structure of [K4{Mo4O4S4 (H2O)3(OH)2}2(WO2) (P8W48O184)]30‐ and Studies in Solution.
Authors: Korenev Vladimir S. , Floquet Sebastien , Marrot Jerome , Haouas Mohamed , Mbomekalle Israel‐Martyr , Taulelle Francis , Sokolov Maxim N. , Fedin Vladimir P. , Cadot Emmanuel
Published: April 2012

Reactions of the cyclic lacunary [H7P8W48O184]33‐ anion with the [Mo2S2O2(H2O)6] 2+ oxothiocation in aqueous medium are investigated by 31P and 183W NMR, and UV/VIS spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: New CeMgCo4 and Ce2MgCo9 Compounds: Hydrogenation Properties and Crystal Structure of Hydrides.
Authors: Denys R. V. , Riabov A. B. , Cerny R. , Koval'chuk I. V. , Zavaliy I. Yu.
Published: April 2012

The title compounds are prepared by mechanical alloying of Mg with stoichiometric amounts CeCo4 or Ce2Co9 (obtained by arc‐melting in Ar) followed by annealing at 800 °C for 7 h under 1 bar argon.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Functionalized 1,5‐Enynes — An Entry to Polycyclic Framework.
Authors: Pradal Alexandre , Chen Qian , Faudot dit Bel Pierre , Toullec Patrick Yves , Michelet Veronique
Published: April 2012

The methodology is extended to subtrates bearing an aromatic side chain.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Cycloaddition Reactions of Allenyl Diazo Compounds Forming Triquinanes via Trimethylenemethane Diyls.
Authors: Kang Taek , Kim Won‐Yeob , Yoon Yeokwon , Kim Byung Gyu , Lee Hee‐Yoon
Published: April 2012

The tether length is found to be important for successful synthesis of tricyclic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Cyclopropyl Ketones with Alkynes Catalyzed by Nickel/Dimethylaluminum Chloride.
Authors: Tamaki Takashi , Ohashi Masato , Ogoshi Sensuke
Published: April 2012

The use of organoaluminum compounds in catalytic or stoichiometric amounts is crucial for the success.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic [3 + 2] Annulation of Aminocyclopropanes for the Enantiospecific Synthesis of Cyclopentylamines.
Authors: de Nanteuil Florian , Waser Jerome
Published: April 2012

The phthalimide group is critical for high yield and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Synthesis of Amides from Imines.
Authors: Ghaffarzadeh Mohammad , Joghan Somaye Shahrivari , Faraji Fereshteh
Published: April 2012

Imines react with carboxylic anhydrides in the presence of zinc dust and triethylsilane to give amides in short reaction times under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Effective Recyclable Palladium‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Free Heck Reactions under Aerobic Conditions.
Authors: Sun Peng , Qu Xiaoming , Li Tingyi , Zhu Yan , Yang Hailong , Xing Zeyong , Mao Jincheng
Published: April 2012

The reaction of aryl iodides with a variety of reactive olefins is successfully achieved in the presence of Bu4NF.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized 3,4‐Diarylbenzophenones and 2,4‐Diarylbenzophenones by Site‐Selective Suzuki and Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Bis(triflates) 3,4‐ and 2,4‐Dihydroxybenzophenone.
Authors: Khera Rasheed Ahmed , Nawaz Muhammad , Feist Holger , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: April 2012

The reactivity of bis(triflates) (I) and (XIV) of dihydroxybenzophenones is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Regioselective and Stereospecific Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Allylic Carbonates with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Li Chenguang , Xing Juxiang , Zhao Jingming , Huynh Patrick , Zhang Wanbin , Jiang Pingkai , Zhang Yong Jian
Published: April 2012

The reaction of the regioisomer (IV) of substrate (I) suggests that the reductive elimination takes place at the less hindered site of the allylpalladium intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: ortho‐Lithium/Magnesium Carboxylate‐Driven Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions on Unprotected Naphthoic Acids.
Authors: Aissaoui Regadia , Nourry Arnaud , Coquel Ariane , Dao Thi Thanh Ha , Derdour Aicha , Helesbeux Jean‐Jacques , Duval Olivier , Castanet Anne‐Sophie , Mortier Jacques
Published: April 2012

It allows a new and effective access to a number of 1‐substituted 2‐naphthoic acids and 2‐substituted 1‐naphthoic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative Benzylation and Arylation of Nitriles.
Authors: Recio Antonio III , Heinzman Jeffrey D. , Tunge Jon A.
Published: April 2012

Decarboxylative benzylation of nitriles (I) is achieved via coupling of metallated nitriles with Pd‐π‐benzyl complexes that are generated in situ from cyanoacetic benzyl esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic Palladium‐Catalyzed C(sp3)—H Activation/C(sp3)—O Bond Formation: A Direct, Step‐Economical Route to Benzolactones.
Authors: Novak Petr , Correa Arkaitz , Gallardo‐Donaire Joan , Martin Ruben
Published: April 2012

Oxidation of ortho‐methylsubstituted benzoic acids is best achieved under conditions A) in the presence of the N‐protected amino acid NPL and different solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Primary Amine Catalyzed Enantioselective Protonation via an Enamine Intermediate.
Authors: Fu Niankai , Zhang Long , Li Jiuyuan , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: April 2012

Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts reaction of α‐substituted acroleins with various indoles gives the desired products in high yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3‐Benzothiazol‐2(3H)‐one and Some Its Derivatives.
Authors: Velikorodov A. V. , Kuanchalieva A. K. , Melent'eva E. A. , Titova O. L.
Published: April 2012

Acylation of 2‐mercapto‐aniline (I) with chloroformate (II) affords unexpectedly disulfide (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Covalently Immobilized Tris(triazolyl)methanol—Cu(I) Complexes: Highly Active and Recyclable Catalysts for CuAAC Reactions.
Authors: Ozkal Erhan , Oezcubukcu Salih , Jimeno Ciril , Pericas Miquel A.
Published: April 2012

A new copper catalyst immobilized onto Merrifield resin is used to promote cycloaddition reactions of alkynes to several azides.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorine‐Containing Quinoline and Quinoxaline Styryl Derivatives: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties.
Authors: Nosova E. V. , Trashakhova T. V. , Ustyugov V. S. , Mochul'skaya N. N. , Valova M. S. , Lipunova G. N. , Charushin V. N.
Published: April 2012

The condensation of 2‐methylbenzazines with aromatic aldehydes affords the corresponding (E)‐2‐styryl‐substituted 6,7‐difluoroquinolines and ‐quinoxalines, which exhibit photoluminescence in MeCN solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 12‐Oxobenzo[c]phenanthridinones and 4‐Substituted 3‐Arylisoquinolones via Vilsmeier—Haack Reaction.
Authors: Khadka Daulat Bikram , Yang Su Hui , Cho Suk Hee , Zhao Chao , Cho Won‐Jea
Published: April 2012

The synthesis of a large array of substituted isoquinolones using the Vilsmeier—Haack formylation as key reaction is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: σH‐Adducts of 1‐Alkyl‐1,4‐diazinium Salts as the Sources of Biradicals in the Synthesis of Tetraazaphenanthrenes.
Authors: Verbitskiy E. V. , Slepukhin P. A. , Ezhikova M. A. , Kodess M. I. , Shvachko Yu. N. , Starichenko D. V. , Rusinov G. L. , Charushin V. N.
Published: April 2012

The dimerization of 1,4‐diazines (I) affords mixtures of two diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (—)‐Neovibsanin G and (—)‐14‐epi‐Neovibsanin G.
Authors: Mak Jeffrey Y. W. , Williams Craig M.
Published: April 2012

Key step is an EtAlCl2‐mediated cascade leading to the bicyclo[3.3.]nonane core in one step.
ChemInform Abstract: Inorganic Thin‐Film Combinatorial Studies for Rapidly Optimizing Functional Properties
Authors: Kafizas Andreas , Parkin Ivan P.
Published: April 2012

Review: 217 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Ferrites under Visible Light: A Review
Authors: Casbeer Erik , Sharma Virender K. , Li Xiang‐Zhong
Published: April 2012

Review: 151 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fine Tuning of Dirhodium(II) Complexes: Exploring the Axial Modification
Authors: Trindade Alexandre F. , Coelho Jaime A. S. , Afonso Carlos A. M. , Veiros Luis F. , Gois Pedro M. P.
Published: April 2012

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Synthetic Uses of Magnesium Carbenoids
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2012

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Enantioselective Synthesis of C3‐Functionalized Oxindoles: Rare Earth Metals Take Action.
Authors: Shen Ke , Liu Xiaohua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: April 2012

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Seven‐Membered Rings
Authors: Ryan John H. , Green Jarrod L. , Hyland Christopher , Smith Jason A. , Williams Charlotte C.
Published: April 2012

Review: 219 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Six‐Membered Ring Systems with O and/or S Atoms
Authors: Hepworth John D. , Heron B. Mark
Published: April 2012

Review: 231 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Six‐Membered Ring Systems: Diazines and Benzo Derivatives
Authors: Miller Michael M. , DelMonte Albert J.
Published: April 2012

Review: 205 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conical Intersections in Organic Photochemistry
Authors: Robb Michael A.
Published: April 2012

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Free Fatty Acid Receptors and Their Physiological Role in Metabolic Regulation
Authors: Hirasawa Akira , Hara Takafumi , Ichimura Atsuhiko , Tsujimoto Gozoh
Published: April 2012

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nutritional and Physiological Significance of Luminal Glutamate‐Sensing in the Gastrointestinal Functions
Authors: Uneyama Hisayuki
Published: April 2012

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Influenza Vaccine and Adjuvant
Authors: Nakayama Tetsuo
Published: April 2012

Review: 27 refs.
Synthesis of Gd and 68Ga Complexes in Conjugation with a Conformationally Optimized RGD Sequence as Potential MRI and PET Tumor‐Imaging Probes
Authors: Manzoni Leonardo , Belvisi Laura , Arosio Daniela , Bartolomeo Maria Paola , Bianchi Aldo , Brioschi Chiara , Buonsanti Federica , Cabella Claudia , Casagrande Cesare , Civera Monica , De Matteo Marilenia , Fugazza Lorenza , Lattuada Luciano , Maisano Federico , Miragoli Luigi , Neira Cristina , Pilkington‐Miksa Michael , Scolastico Carlo
Published: April 2012

We report the synthesis of novel chelates of Gd and 68Ga with DPTA, DOTA, HP‐DOA3, as well as with AAZTA, a novel chelating agent developed by our research group. These chelating agents were appropriately conjugated, prior to metal complexation, with DB58, an RGD peptidomimetic, conformationally constrained on an azabicycloalkane scaffold and endowed with high affinity for integrin ανβ3. Because ανβ3 is involved in neo‐angiogenesis in solid tumors and is also directly expressed in cancer cells (e.g. glioblastomas, melanomas) and ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers, these constructs could prove useful as molecular imaging probes in cancer diagnosis by MRI or PET techniques. Molecular modeling, integrin binding assays, and relaxivity assessments allowed the selection of compounds suitable for multiple expression on dendrimeric or nanoparticulate structures. These results also led us to an exploratory investigation of 68Ga complexation for the promising 68Ga‐PET technique; the AAZTA complex 15(68Ga) exhibited uptake in a xenograft model of glioblastoma, suggesting potentially useful developments with new probes with improved affinity.
Structural Studies on Ionic Liquid/Water/Peptide Systems by HR‐MAS NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Mrestani‐Klaus Carmen , Richardt Annekathrin , Wespe Christian , Stark Annegret , Humpfer Eberhard , Bordusa Frank
Published: April 2012

The present work reports on an assessment of high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) NMR spectroscopy for structural investigations of peptides dissolved in aqueous ionic liquids. Highly resolved one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectra are obtained that allow for complete proton resonance assignments of both the peptides as solutes and the ionic liquids as solvents. Successful application of the HR‐MAS method facilitates for the first time high‐resolution NMR analysis of complex ionic liquid/peptide systems at the molecular level, mainly on the basis of chemical‐shift changes.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Fluorescent Ag Nanoclusters in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Li Rongqing , Wang Chunlei , Bo Fan , Wang Zhuyuan , Shao Haibao , Xu Shuhong , Cui Yiping
Published: April 2012

Fluorescent Ag nanoclusters are of significant interest because they provide the bridge between atomic and nanoparticle behavior in noble metals. Herein, microwave irradiation was originally used for the synthesis of water‐soluble fluorescent Ag nanoclusters. As‐prepared Ag nanoclusters present red fluorescence emission around 608 nm and a characteristic absorption peak at about 508 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows an average size of 1.6 nm for Ag nanoclusters. The effect of solution pH on the synthesis process and optical properties of Ag nanoclusters was investigated. The pH‐dependent present form and adsorption capacity of poly(methacrylic acid, sodium salt) (PMAA) ligands are believed to be the reason for the pH effect.
Study of normal and pathological blood vessel morphogenesis in Flt1‐tdsRed BAC Tg mice
Authors: Matsumoto Ken , Azami Takuya , Otsu Ayaka , Takase Haruka , Ishitobi Hiroyuki , Tanaka Junko , Miwa Yoshihiro , Takahashi Satoru , Ema Masatsugu
Published: April 2012

Blood vessel development and network patterning are controlled by several signaling molecules, including VEGF, FGF, TGF‐ß, and Ang‐1,2. Among these, the role of VEGF‐A signaling in vessel morphogenesis is best understood. The biological activity of VEGF‐A depends on its reaction with specific receptors Flt1 and Flk1. Roles of VEGF‐A signaling in endothelial cell proliferation, migration, survival, vascular permeability, and induction of tip cell filopodia have been reported. In this study, we have generated Flt1‐tdsRed BAC transgenic (Tg) mice to monitor Flt1 gene expression during vascular development. We show that tdsRed fluorescence is observed within blood vessels of adult mice and embryos, indicative of retinal angiogenesis and tumor angiogenesis. Flt1 expression recapitulated by Flt1‐tdsRed BAC Tg mice overlapped well with Flk1, while Flt1 was expressed more abundantly in endothelial cells of large blood vessels such as dorsal aorta and presumptive stalk cells in retina, providing a unique model to study blood vessel development. genesis 50:561–571, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An examination of early childhood perfectionism across anorexia nervosa subtypes
Authors: Halmi Katherine A. , Bellace Dara , Berthod Samantha , Ghosh Samiran , Berrettini Wade , Brandt Harry A. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Crawford Steve , Fichter Manfred M. , Johnson Craig L. , Kaplan Allan , Kaye Walter H. , Thornton Laura , Treasure Janet , Blake Woodside D. , Strober Michael
Published: April 2012

Objective:

To examine childhood perfectionism in anorexia nervosa (AN) restricting (RAN), purging (PAN), and binge eating with or without purging (BAN) subtypes.

Method:

The EATATE, a retrospective assessment of childhood perfectionism, and the eating disorder inventory (EDI‐2) were administered to 728 AN participants.

Results:

EATATE responses revealed general childhood perfectionism, 22.3% of 333 with RAN, 29.2% of 220 with PAN, and 24.8% of 116 with BAN; school work perfectionism, 31.2% with RAN, 30.4% with PAN, and 24.8% with BAN; childhood order and symmetry, 18.7% with RAN, 21.7% with PAN, and 17.8% with BAN; and global childhood rigidity, 42.6% with RAN, 48.3% with PAN and 48.1% with BAN. Perfectionism preceded the onset of AN in all subtypes. Significant associations between EDI‐2 drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction were present with four EATATE subscales.

Discussion:

Global childhood rigidity was the predominate feature that preceded all AN subtypes. This may be a risk factor for AN. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012; 45:800–807)
Facile Microwave Synthesis of 3D Flowerlike BiOBr Nanostructures and Their Excellent CrVI Removal Capacity
Authors: Li Guangfang , Qin Fan , Yang Hao , Lu Zhong , Sun Hongzhe , Chen Rong
Published: April 2012

A facile and fast microwave irradiation method has been developed to synthesize uniform well‐defined 3D flowerlike BiOBr nanostructures through a self‐assembly process. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which acts as both the bromide source and soft template, plays a critical role in the formation of 3D flowerlike BiOBr nanostructures. Different flowerlike BiOBr nanostructures could be obtained by varying the CTAB concentration. A possible formation process is discussed. The as‐prepared flowerlike BiOBr nanostructures possessed a large surface area and exhibited an excellent removal capacity and fast adsorption rate for CrVI ions in a wide pH range.
Facile Synthesis of Ultrathin AuCu Dimetallic Nanowire Networks
Authors: Shi Lihua , Wang Aiqin , Huang Yanqiang , Chen Xiaowei , Delgado Juan Jose , Zhang Tao
Published: April 2012

In this paper we describe a rapid and effective wet chemical route to the synthesis of netlike AuCu dimetallic nanowires, in which HAuCl4 and Cu(NO3)2 were co‐reduced by NaBH4 in aqueous solution in the presence of surfactant Triton X‐100. The nanowires are composed of homogeneous Au–Cu alloy and possess a uniform diameter of around 3.7 nm. The influence of the experimental parameters – including the concentration of the reducing agent and capping agent, kinds of capping agent, and the ratio of Au/Cu – on the formation of AuCu nanowires have been studied. Among the various parameters investigated, copper was found to play a key role in facilitating the formation of nanowires by means of an oriented attachment mechanism. This method can be further extended to the synthesis of other copper‐containing dimetallic nanowires such as PtCu and PdCu dimetallic nanowire networks.
Microwave‐Assisted Aqueous Synthesis of Small‐Sized, Highly Luminescent CdSeS/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots for Live Cell Imaging
Authors: Zhan Hong‐Ju , Zhou Pei‐Jiang , He Zhen‐Yu , Tian Yuan
Published: April 2012

This study develops a reliable aqueous‐phase method for the synthesis of CdSeS/ZnS core/shell QDs employing microwave irradiation technique. Firstly, CdSeS core QDs were produced by heating a precursor solution containing Cd2+, 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and Na2SeSO3 at 130 °C for 30 min. After purification through centrifugation, the CdSeS core QDs were successfully capped with a ZnS shell through heating a capping solution containing Zn2+, S2– and MPA at 100 °C for 1 h. Both the core/shell QDs and core QDs were characterised by X‐ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the epitaxial growth of a ZnS shell on the surface of CdSeS QDs was confirmed. The prepared CdSeS/ZnS core/shell QDs showed significantly enhanced luminescence and photostability than that of CdSeS core QDs. Finally, the CdSeS/ZnS core/shell QDs were applied to image live Hela cells. The pilot experiments showed that the cells were successfully stained and exhibited bright green fluorescence. The small size QDs were localised predominantly in the nuclear compartment of Hela cells with negligible cytotoxicity, even at a concentration of 300 μg mL−1 after 24 h incubation. Our results suggest that the new core/shell QDs could be highly biocompatible and have wide applications in biolabelling and imaging.
Magnesium Hydroxide Fluorides – New Materials with Adjustable Composition and Properties
Authors: Scholz Gudrun , Stosiek Christoph , Feist Michael , Kemnitz Erhard
Published: April 2012

Fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis with aqueous HF results in highly disordered, nanoscopic magnesium hydroxide fluorides with very large BET surface areas, low carbon contents, and adjustable stoichiometries. MgFx(OH)(2–x) materials that can withstand high temperatures can be synthesized in a very wide stoichiometric range by fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis (0 ≤ x ≤ 2). Large surface areas and a very wide range of tunable acid–base properties are characteristic for these compounds, which opens an exciting possibility of their application not only as new catalysts but also as support materials.
Evaluation of a Cognitive Remediation Therapy Group for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: Pilot Study
Authors: Pretorius Natalie , Dimmer Mandy , Power Eoin , Eisler Ivan , Simic Mima , Tchanturia Kate
Published: April 2012

Objective

Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) has been used with adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) in individual and group formats; however, evaluation of CRT with adolescents in this population is very limited.

Method

Seven CRT groups were carried out with a total of 30 adolescents with AN. Adolescents' cognitive flexibility and motivation was assessed before and after the group, and they completed qualitative questionnaires after the group to determine their perceptions.

Results

There was a small effect size in self‐reported cognitive flexibility post group. Adolescents found the group interesting and useful; however, some wanted more support with application to real life.

Discussion

Cognitive remediation therapy has the potential to be used with adolescents with AN. More research is needed to determine if CRT is beneficial for young people with AN. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Predicted-no-effect concentrations for the steroid estrogens estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol, and 17α-ethinylestradiol
Authors: Caldwell Daniel J. , Mastrocco Frank , Anderson Paul D. , Länge Reinhard , Sumpter John P.
Published: April 2012

The authors derive predicted-no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for the steroid estrogens (estrone [E1], 17β-estradiol [E2], estriol [E3], and 17α-ethinylestradiol [EE2]) appropriate for use in risk assessment of aquatic organisms. In a previous study, they developed a PNEC of 0.35 ng/L for EE2 from a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) based on all available chronic aquatic toxicity data. The present study updates that PNEC using recently published data to derive a PNEC of 0.1 ng/L for EE2. For E2, fish were the most sensitive taxa, and chronic reproductive effects were the most sensitive endpoint. Using the SSD methodology, we derived a PNEC of 2 ng/L for E2. Insufficient data were available to construct an SSD for E1 or E3. Therefore, the authors used in vivo vitellogenin (VTG) induction studies to determine the relative potency of the steroid estrogens to induce VTG. Based on the relative differences between in vivo VTG induction, they derive PNECs of 6 and 60 ng/L for E1 and E3, respectively. Thus, for long-term exposures to steroid estrogens in surface water (i.e., >60 d), the PNECs are 6, 2, 60, and 0.1 ng/L for E1, E2, E3, and EE2, respectively. Higher PNECs are recommended for short-term (i.e., a few days or weeks) exposures. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:1396–1406. © 2012 SETAC
Impact of an insecticide changes with amount of leaf litter input: Implications for amphibian populations
Authors: Boone Michelle D. , Sullivan Neal H.
Published: April 2012

Changes in percentage of forest cover can influence nutrient levels in aquatic systems and change abiotic conditions that may influence species. The authors examined how increasing amounts of leaf litter influenced toxicity of the insecticide carbaryl using larval green frogs (Rana clamitans) in outdoor mesocosm ponds. Insecticides can have direct negative effects on individual physiology and behavior and indirect effects on the food web, which can result in trophic cascades. They predicted that direct effects of the insecticide would dominate when nutrients were low (resulting in negative impacts on amphibian development and survival), whereas indirect effects could offset direct effects when nutrients were more abundant through a trophic cascade that leads to more food for tadpoles (resulting in positive effects on amphibian development and survival). The authors found support for this hypothesis: first, total green frog survival was greatest with increased leaf litter input in the presence of carbaryl. Additionally, most green frogs that reached metamorphosis were from ponds with high leaf litter input and carbaryl. Second, the impact of carbaryl on developmental stage and tadpole mass varied depending on the amount of leaf litter present. With high amounts of leaf litter, carbaryl had a positive impact on development and growth; in contrast, with low amounts of leaf litter, carbaryl had negative or no effects on tadpole development and mass. The present study suggests that differences in nutrient levels between ponds exposed to pesticides could play a role in amphibian population dynamics. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1518–1524. © 2012 SETAC
Intensified therapy followed by autologous stem‐cell transplantation (ASCT) versus conventional therapy as first‐line treatment of follicular lymphoma: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Baohong , Ren Cuiai , Zhang Weide , Ma Xiaoyan , Xia Bingsen , Sheng Zhixin
Published: April 2012

There are two different international standards for the treatment of follicular lymphoma (FL): intensified therapy followed by autologous stem‐cell transplantation (ASCT) and conventional therapy in the first‐line setting. However, their role remains unclear. Our aim was to define the treatment effect of intensified therapy followed by ASCT compared with conventional therapy as first‐line treatment of patients with FL in terms of overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS). We searched for randomised controlled trials in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane controlled trials register and the Science Citation Index (1985 to June 2011). Effect measures used were hazard ratios (HR) for OS, EFS and secondary tumour rate. Two independent review authors extracted data and assessed quality of trials. Four trials were identified, covering a total of 941 subjects. The random‐effects summary HR by comparing the treatment effect on OS between intensified and conventional therapy was 0.95 [0.70, 1.30] (p = 0.75), indicating that no additional survival benefit was derived from the intensified therapy followed by ASCT. A significant benefit of intensified therapy followed by ASCT as first‐line treatment was detected in terms of EFS: the random‐effects summary HR (intensified versus conventional therapy) was 0.59 [0.44, 0.79] (p < 0.001). This meta‐analysis showed that despite its superior EFS, intensified therapy followed by ASCT does not improve the OS compared with conventional therapy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled Surface Initiated Polymerization of N‐Isopropylacrylamide from Polycaprolactone Substrates for Regulating Cell Attachment and Detachment
Authors: Klein Gunnewiek Michel , Di Luca Andrea , Sui Xiaofeng , van Blitterswijk Clemens A. , Moroni Lorenzo , Vancso G. Julius
Published: April 2012

Poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) substrates were modified with thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brushes to direct and control cellular attachment and detachment. Prior to brush growth, the surface of PCL was activated by a diamine to allow for initiator coupling. Infrared spectra taken before and after cell culturing demonstrated the covalently attached nature of the PNIPAM brushes. PCL is a biocompatible polymer and to prove that the modifications described above did not change this characteristic property, a cell attachment/detachment study was carried out. The modified substrates showed a lower cell attachment when compared to PCL alone and to PCL films modified with the initiator. The possibility to detach the cells in the form of a sheet was proved using PNIPAM‐modified PCL films by lowering the temperature to 25 °C. No relevant detachment was shown by the unmodified or by the initiator modified surfaces. This confirmed that the detachment was temperature dependent and not connected to other factors such as polymer swelling. These functionalized polymeric films can find applications as smart cell culture systems in regenerative medicine applications.
Microscopic comparative study of the exposure effects of testosterone cypionate and ethinylestradiol during prenatal life on the prostatic tissue of adult gerbils
Authors: Perez Ana P.S. , Biancardi Manoel F. , Vilamaior Patricia S.L. , Góes Rejane M. , Santos Fernanda C.A. , Taboga Sebastião R.
Published: April 2012

There is an increasing variety of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) either with (anti)estrogenic or (anti)androgenic potential widely present in the environment. These xenosteroids may mimic endogenous steroid hormones disrupting the homeostasis of physiological pathways and leading to several disturbances, especially in tissues highly dependent on steroid hormones such as the prostate. Taking this into account, this comparative study aimed to verify the potential of ethinylestradiol (EE) and testosterone acting as ECDs on the prostate of both male and female adult gerbils exposed to these agents during the embryonic phase. Consequently, pregnant gerbils were treated either with 10 μg/kg/day of EE or with a single dose of 1 mg of testosterone cypionate. The pups that were born 6–8 days after testosterone exposure and the pups that were born after 3 days of EE exposure were allowed to grow but were sacrificed within 4 months. Serological, morphological, stereological, and immunohistochemical analyses were used. Overall, the results showed that both sexes exposed to testosterone and EE during gestation had a prostatic gland with an increased stromal and epithelial and a reduced luminal compartment. Moreover, we observed that glands affected with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia showed intense stromal reshuffling. In conclusion, although these alterations were observed in both sexes, more relevant to this study was the differential responsiveness of males and females exposed to these different drugs. Whereas the EE affected males more, the testosterone was more harmful to the females. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1084–1092, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.