bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who is Carrying the Temple Menorah? A Jewish Counter-Narrative of the Arch of Titus Spolia Panel
Authors: Fine Steven
Published: January 2017

The Arch of Titus, constructed circa 81 CE under the emperor Domitian, commemorates the victory of the general, then emperor Titus in the Jewish War of 66–74 CE. Located on Rome’s Via Sacra, the Arch has been a “place of memory” for Romans, Christians and Jews since antiquity. This essay explores the history of a Jewish counter-memory of a bas relief within the arch that depicts the triumphal procession of the Jerusalem Temple treasures into Rome in 71 CE. At least since the early modern period, Jews—as well as British Protestants—came to believe that the menorah bearers of this relief represent Jews, and not Roman triumphadors. This essay addresses the history of this widespread belief, particularly during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and continuing in contemporary Israel.
A new species of Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) from Mexico
Authors: SÁNCHEZ-DEL PINO IVONNE , PRATT DONALD , FLORES-OLVERA HILDA
Published: January 2017

A new endemic species of Amaranthus—Amaranthus neei—from Mexico is described, illustrated, and compared to the putatively related species. A. neei is known from the Valley of Mexico (South of Hidalgo, Mexico city, and State of Mexico), Michoacán, Puebla, Veracruz, and Chiapas. The new species is a monoecious herb characterized by its long, pungent, erect or recurvate, bracts and bracteoles, (2–)3–5 minute pistillate sepals or absent, ovate, oblong to linear, apex acute to obtuse, and fruits circumscissile, irregularly dehiscent to indehiscent. Infrageneric circumscription of A. neei is discussed together with its critical taxonomic position within the currently accepted infrageneric classification of Amaranthus.
A revision of the shovel-nosed lobsters of the genus Thenus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae), with descriptions of three new species
Authors: BURTON T. E. , DAVIE P. J. F.
Published: January 2017

The shovel-nosed lobster genus Thenus Leach, 1815, long considered to contain only Thenus orientalis (Lund, 1793), is revised and five species recognised. Thenus indicus Leach, 1815, which had been relegated to the synonymy of T. orientalis, is reinstated and a lectotype designated. Three new species T. australiensis, T. unimaculatus and T. parindicus are diagnosed. Specimens of Thenus were collected from various locations throughout the Indo-West Pacific Oceans. Samples were analysed using a concordance approach involving three techniques: morphometrics/morphology, starch gel isozyme electrophoresis, and mitochondrial DNA sequencing of 16S and COI genes. All three investigations supported the recognition of five species. Despite significant genetic divergence, several sympatric species are morphologically similar and identification can be difficult; a key using a combination of live colour patterns and morphometric ratios is presented as an aid to species discrimination.
The first zoea of Inachus aguiarii, Inachus communissimus and Ergasticus clouei (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea) with implications for the systematics of the family Inachidae
Authors: GUERAO GUILLERMO , ABELLÓ PERE
Published: January 2017

The first zoeal stages of the inachid crabs Inachus aguiarii de Brito Capello, 1876, I. communissimus Rizza, 1839 and Ergasticus clouei A. Milne-Edwards, 1882, are described and illustrated from laboratory-hatched material obtained from ovigerous females collected in the western Mediterranean. The morphologies of the first zoeae were compared with the corresponding stage of other known species in the family Inachidae. The zoeae of I. aguiarii and I. communissimus are very similar to those described in other species of the genus, especially I. thoracicus and I. dorsettensis. The zoeae of I. aguiarii and I. communissimus differ from each other in the number of setae on the ventral margin of the carapace. The first zoea of E. clouei, however, does not share the zoeal characters common to other Inachidae. Therefore, does not completely fit into the characteristics of the family.
Problem un ou deux phonèmes? w języku polskim
Authors: Wągiel Marcin
Published: January 2017

The un ou deux phonèmes? problem in PolishThe paper deals with the so-called un ou deux phonèmes? problem in Modern Polish. The framework adopted by the author is the theory and methodology of Axiomatic Functionalism, i.e., a functional semiotic approach developed by Jan W. F. Mulder in association with Sándor G. J. Hervey which is mainly based on linguistic ideas of André Martinet. The analysis focuses on the phonological interpretation of sequences of palatalized labials and [j], nasal diphthongs, and affricates in Polish. The author argues that nasal diphthongs and palatal and retroflex affricates should be interpreted monophonematically, whereas it is both adequate and economical to interpret sequences of palatalized labials and [j] and alveolar affricates as realizations of sequences of two separate phonemes. Problem un ou deux phonèmes? w języku polskimNiniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest tzw. problemowi un ou deux phonèmes? we współczesnej polszczyźnie. Aparatem pojęciowym wykorzystanym przez autora jest teoria i metodologia funkcjonalizmu aksjomatycznego, tj. funkcjonalnego opisu semiotycznego opracowanego przez Jana W. F. Muldera we współpracy z Sándorem G. J. Herveyem, który bazuje na koncepcjach lingwistycznych André Martineta. Analiza skupia się na interpretacji fonologicznej sekwencji spalatalizowanych spółgłosek labialnych oraz [j], dyftongów nazalnych, a także afrykat w języku polskim. Autor argumentuje, że dyftongi nazalne oraz afrykaty palatalne i retrofleksyjne powinny być interpretowane monofonemicznie, natomiast interpretacja sekwencji spalatalizowanych spółgłosek labialnych i [j] oraz afrykat alweolarnych jako realizacji sekwencji dwóch niezależnych fonemów jest zarówno adekwatna, jak i ekonomiczna.
Międzynarodowa konferencja naukowa "Nowoczesne systemy slawistycznej informacji bibliograficznej – dziś i jutro" (Warszawa, 8–9 października 2015)
Authors: Rudnik-Karwatowa Zofia
Published: January 2017

International scientific conference Nowoczesne systemy slawistycznej informacji bibliograficznej – dziś i jutro (Warsaw, 8–9 October 2015)The article is a report from a conference organised in Warsaw on 8–9 October 2015 by the Slavic Academic Information Centre (Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences), the Slavic Foundation and the Linguistic Bibliography Committee of the International Committee of Slavists. It was the second conference over the span of the last three years devoted to the newest trends in and future development of Slavic studies information systems. Międzynarodowa konferencja naukowa Nowoczesne systemy slawistycznej informacji bibliograficznej – dziś i jutro (Warszawa, 8–9 października 2015)Artykuł stanowi sprawozdanie z międzynarodowej konferencji zorganizowanej w Warszawie 8–9 października 2015 roku przez Centrum Slawistycznej Informacji Naukowej Instytutu Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Fundację Slawistyczną i Komisję Bibliografii Lingwistycznej przy Międzynarodowym Komitecie Slawistów. Była to druga na przestrzeni ostatnich trzech lat konferencja poświęcona najnowszym trendom w systemach slawistycznej bibliograficznej oraz ich rozwojowi w przyszłości.
Precipitation Drivers of Cropping Frequency in the Brazilian Cerrado: Evidence and Implications for Decision-Making
Authors: Spangler Keith R. , Lynch Amanda H. , Spera Stephanie A.
Published: January 2017

The Amazon basin has been subjected to unprecedented rates of land-use change over the past several decades, primarily as a result of the expansion of agriculture. Enhanced rain forest conservation efforts toward the end of the twentieth century slowed deforestation of the Amazon but, in turn, increased demand for land repurposing in the adjacent Cerrado (savanna) region, where conservation regulations are less strict. To maintain or increase yields while minimizing the need for additional land, agricultural producers adopted a form of intensification in which two rain-fed crops are planted within a single growing season (double cropping). Using 10 years (August 2002 to July 2012) of MODIS and TRMM data, it is demonstrated that there exists a threshold growing season rainfall amount (1759 mm) for double cropping. But more nuanced is the relationship between observable precipitation information available to farmers at the time of planting decision and the choice to “double crop” in a given year. An evaluation of decision-available precipitation characteristics provides strong evidence for the importance of high rainfall frequency during a critical period prior to, and including, the rainy season onset.
The Relevance of the Analysts Character and Attitudes to His Work
Authors: Baudry Francis
Published: January 2017

This paper is intended to sensitize analysts to the role of their character in analytic technique. The relation of character to countertransference, its role in analytic style, in the introduction of parameters, and in transference neurosis, will be elaborated. The problem of matching and of accounting for our failures will illustrate the complex meshing of character with more traditional factors.
The Analyst's Use of Clinical Data, and other Issues of Confidentiality
Authors: Lipton Edgar L.
Published: January 2017

In addition to reviewing and expanding on issues involved on the subject of confidentiality, this paper focuses on the vicissitudes of asking a patient's permission to use clinical material in public and other reports.
Function Preservation Surgery in Patients With Chondrosarcoma of the Cricoid Cartilage
Authors: Zeitels Steven M. , Burns James A. , Wain John C. , Wright Cameron D. , Rosenberg Andrew E.
Published: January 2017

Chondrosarcoma is a rare laryngeal neoplasm that is most commonly encountered in the cricoid cartilage and is optimally treated by surgical excision. It is typically a slow-growing malignancy with well-defined margins and a minimal risk of metastasis; however, radiographic imaging studies often appear ominous if the clinician correlates these findings to the biological behavior of epithelial cancer. Furthermore, the fact that the neoplasm's epicenter is usually under the cricoarytenoid joint can lead to airway and voice deficits before and after operation. Although many surgeons opt for function-sparing resection approaches, it is commonplace for some surgeons to injudiciously perform total laryngectomy as the initial treatment because of the rarity, large size, location, and appearance of these tumors on imaging studies. A retrospective review was done on 10 cases of cricoid chondrosarcoma to gain insight into the treatment strategies designed to preserve laryngeal function while minimizing the risk of local recurrence. We performed surgical resection in 8 of the 10 patients; 2 underwent endoscopic removal and 6 underwent transcervical partial laryngectomy. All are free of disease with good voice and swallowing function. One patient developed a limited recurrence and required a second transcervical partial laryngectomy. Function-sparing surgical treatment of chondrosarcomas of the cricoid cartilage can usually be achieved. Surgeons should carefully modify the core principles of epithelial cancer surgery techniques, adjusting to the different biological behavior of laryngeal chondrosarcomas.
Local Repair of Persistent Tracheocutaneous Fistulas
Authors: Khaja Sobia F. , Fletcher Aaron M. , Hoffman Henry T.
Published: January 2017

Tracheocutaneous fistulas may persist after tracheostomy. Suture closure of the fistula may result in complications, including infection, wound dehiscence, and pneumomediastinum. We present a simplified and relatively safe technique to close persistent fistulas that may be performed under local anesthesia. A retrospective chart review was performed on 13 patients who were successfully treated, including 1 with incomplete closure that was successfully addressed by additional procedures. Our review included analysis of reported risk factors for persistence of tracheocutaneous fistulas: previous irradiation of the neck, an extended duration of cannulation, previous tracheostomies, obesity, and use of a Bjork flap or 4-flap epithelial-lined tracheostomy. All 13 patients in the study were found to have at least 1 of these risk factors.
Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy, Surveillance Ultrasonography, and Fine-Needle Aspiration after Hemithyroidectomy
Authors: Noureldine Salem I. , Khan Amna , Massasati Saleh A. , Kethman William , Kandil Emad
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

We undertook a retrospective analysis of a single surgeon's experience at a tertiary care teaching hospital to determine the rates of surveillance ultrasound, fine-needle aspiration (FNA), and the need for thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) after hemithyroidectomy.

Methods:

The study population comprised 120 consecutive patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy by one surgeon from January 2008 to June 2011. The medical records were reviewed for preoperative and postoperative calcium levels, fiberoptic direct laryngoscopy examination of vocal fold mobility, postoperative complications, final pathology, and postoperative follow-up.

Results:

Fifteen patients required completion thyroidectomy for malignancy and were excluded from the surveillance analysis. Of the remaining 105 patients, 10 (9.5%) required postoperative THRT. The likelihood for THRT was significantly associated with increased age (p = 0.01) and the presence of thyroiditis (p = 0.04). Other factors, such as gender, body mass index, residual thyroid volume, and presence of contralateral lobe nodules, were not significantly associated with this likelihood (p > 0.05). Twenty-three patients (21.9%) were followed with surveillance ultrasound, of whom 12 (11.4%) underwent FNA for nodule(s) in the contralateral lobe. Seventy-eight percent of patients did not require any long-term postoperative surveillance. There were no instances of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury or hypoparathyroidism.

Conclusions:

Hemithyroidectomy is an effective and efficient option for the management of benign and suspicious thyroid nodules. However, patients of increased age and/or with thyroiditis are at higher risk for postoperative hypothyroidism, and should be counseled to consider total thyroidectomy to avoid the need for long-term surveillance and the possible need for a second operation.
Efficacy of Dexpanthenol for Pediatric Post-Tonsillectomy Pain and Wound Healing
Authors: Celebi Saban , Tepe Cigdem , Yelken Kursat , Celik Oner
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

We evaluated the efficacy of dexpanthenol in managing pediatric post-tonsillectomy pain and wound healing and sought to discover which of two surgical tonsillectomy techniques provides better healing and less postoperative pain.

Methods:

One hundred twenty patients who underwent tonsillectomy were equally randomized to thermal welding and cold dissection groups. Dexpanthenol pastilles were given to half of each group. Postoperative throat pain was determined with a visual analog scale on the 1st, 3th, 7th, and 14th days, and mucosal healing patterns were assessed on the 7th and 14th days.

Results:

Regardless of surgical technique, post-tonsillectomy throat pain was significantly less in the dexpanthenol groups than in the placebo groups (p < 0.05), and tonsillar wound healing was significantly better in the dexpanthenol groups than in the placebo groups (p < 0.05). When a comparison was made with regard to surgical technique, wound healing was significantly better in the cold dissection group (p < 0.05), whereas postoperative throat pain was less in the thermal welding group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Postoperative administration of dexpanthenol significantly accelerates the wound healing process and decreases tonsillectomy-related pain complaints.
Two New Polymers as Candidates for Rhinoplasty Allografts: An Experimental Study in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Cingi Cemal , Calli Aylin , Erdogmus Nagehan , Calli Caglar , Yilgör Iskender , Yilgör Emel , Bal Cengiz
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

This study was performed to evaluate the biocompatibility and tensile strength of two new polymeric materials — A polyfluoro ether-modified thermoplastic polyurethane urea and a polydimethyl silicone elastomer — In an experimental rabbit model.

Methods:

The two polymers were implanted inside separate subperichondrial pockets created over the auricular cartilages of 12 rabbits. A control pocket received no implant. After 3 months, the animals were painlessly sacrificed, and each site was analyzed histologically for vascular congestion, acute and chronic inflammation, and fibrosis in the tissue surrounding the implant materials.

Results:

There were no statistically significant differences in vascular congestion, fibrosis, or acute or chronic inflammation between the control sites and either implant site.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that the polymers are well accepted by the tissue and remain stable during the entire study period, and that they could be very suitable materials for use in nasal reconstruction.
Physical Correlates of Eardrum Rupture
Authors: Richmond Donald R. , Fletcher E. Royce , Yelverton John T. , Phillips Yancy Y.
Published: January 2017

Eardrum (tympanic membrane) rupture in humans and animals in relation to various blast pressure-time patterns was reviewed. There were few systematic studies on eardrum rupture as a consequence of blast overpressure. Most reports did not describe the area of the eardrum destroyed. The peak overpressures required to produce a 50% incidence of eardrum rupture (P50) were summarized. Most of the animal data pertained to dogs. The highest P50 for dogs, 296 kPa, was associated with smooth-rising overpressure. For complex wave patterns occurring inside open shelters subjected to nuclear blasts, the P50 was 205 kPa. For fast-rising blasts in a shock tube it was 78 kPa, and 105 kPa for statically applied pressures. The duration of the overpressure was not a factor unless it was very short. The influence of the orientation of the head to the oncoming blast was demonstrated. An ear facing the blast may receive reflected overpressures several times that for one side-on to the blast. An ear on the downstream side of the head was exposed to about the same overpressure as the side-on ear. A P50 for humans of 100 kPa and a threshold of 35 kPa has been used widely in blast criteria. A recent study suggests a threshold (P1) of about 20 kPa, and gives the overpressures required to produce minor, moderate, and major eardrum ruptures. These data were presented in the form of curves showing the overpressures as a function of duration required to inflict a P1 and a P50 of eardrum rupture of the three levels of severity.
The emergence of francophone feminist theology
Authors: Sharp Carolyn
Published: January 2017

This article traces the emergence of francophone feminist theology within the dominant paradigms of Quebec theology: modernization and liberation. Embryonic expressions of feminist theological concerns are found in women's writings in the late 1960s and the early 1970s. An examination of the writings of three senior feminist theologians (Elisabeth Lacelle, Monique Dumais, Marie Gratton Boucher) suggests that their work is shaped by the common concerns and distinctive nuances which they bring to the newly emergent feminist paradigm. Finally, it will be argued that the appearance of intergenerational tensions among women doing theology create new challenges that likely will modify the feminist paradigm.
La phénoménologie et ses marges religieuses: la correspondance d'Edmund Husserl
Authors: Schmitz-Perrin Rudolf
Published: January 2017

Dans cet article, l'auteur jette une lumière nouvelle sur le fondateur de la phénoménologie en livrant des citations significatives de la correspondance de Husserl récemment publiée en dix volumes. Edmund Husserl se sentait habité par la mission d'élaborer une nouvelle philosophie, la phénoménologie transcendentale, capable d'aider l'homme contemporain à s'approcher de «Dieu». Les quelques citations textuelles que l'auteur accompagne de plusieurs témoignages recueillis les derniers jours de sa vie, permettent de mieux connaître l'intégralité de la personnalité de Husserl dont l'aspect religieux transparaît comme l'élément constitutif.
On the moral-existential facet of religious studies today
Authors: Lalonde Marc P.
Published: January 2017

This article argues that part of the purpose of religious studies is to facilitate the reflexive exploration of moral-existential frameworks of religious meaning in view of contemporary socio-cultural tensions, problems and contradictions. I argue for a non-theological view of religious studies capable of examining issues of religious truth, value and purpose, though quite different from theology. The first section of this study takes up the moral-existential facet of religious studies in relation to the modern fear of meaninglessness as a socio-cultural motivation for analyzing sources of religious insight. To do so thoughtfully yet nontheologically, however, requires a new mode of critical deliberation that can stimulate creative speculation which is found in Foucault's notion of "transgressive transformation" as the critical approach most germane to the moral-existential facet of religious studies. By way of demonstrating the value of this critical design, section three sets out to untangle the postmodern contingencies motivating Habermas' peculiar assessment of religious life and thought, where the religious serves to keep postmodern philosophy at bay—a tactic that rebounds to betray Habermas' own want of a religiously informed social ethic. In order to meet that want, section four presents a reflection on Levinas' unique view of the religio-ethical as that which transgressively transforms Habermas' position. On the hither side of this transformation, I suggest, resides a future work for the moral-existential facet of religious studies today as a critical theory of religious insight.
Buddhism: Sikh encounters and convergence
Authors: Scott David
Published: January 2017

Buddhist-Sikh study has attracted relatively little attention in academic circles despite the existence of more material than might be expected. This article looks at some indications of Buddhist influences on the genesis of the Sikh religion. A wider thematic comparison of the two traditions shows striking points of similarity in doctrine, ethics and meditation. This suggests a wider potential role for functionalist pragmatic criteria in interfaith dialogue.
The composed life of the Syriac Menander
Authors: Kirk Alan
Published: January 2017

Two issues recur in Syriac Menander's rather meagre history of scholarship: the question of its composition and the question of its provenance. With regard to the first, Syriac Menander has been seen as a loose collection of gnomic sayings; with regard to the second, doubts have been raised about whether it is actually a Jewish Wisdom text because of the universality of its wisdom and the muted expression it gives to unequivocally Jewish ethics. In this article it is argued that Syriac Menander, though indeed a loose collection of sayings arranged in thematic groups, arranges its constituent materials so as to trace the trajectory of a "life," beginning with birth, terminating in death and singling out important status elevations and life passages occurring along the way. Second, it is argued that Syriac Menander replicates compositional conventions native to Jewish Wisdom texts composed during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, thus indicating that it ought indeed to be classified among Jewish pseudepigrapha.
The urban expansion of the Isis cult: A quantitative approach
Authors: Hegedus Tim
Published: January 2017

This article presents a quantitative sociological study of the expansion of the worship of Isis in Greco-Roman antiquity focusing on the role of large urban centres. Receptivity to the cult is measured for a data set of 44 cities based on the presence or absence of archaeological remains. Statistical correlations between the spread of the Isis cult and city size, distance from Alexandria and distance from Rome (a secondary centre of the cult's expansion) support the thesis that distance from cultic centres was a significant factor in the spread of Isiac worship. The paper concludes with a number of suggestions for further research.
Descartes' apology
Authors: Hunter Graeme
Published: January 2017

The dedicatory letter of Descartes' Meditations has suffered from almost total scholarly neglect. While accepting that the letter's contribution to our knowledge of Cartesian philosophy is slender, I argue that there is still much of historical importance to be learned from its depiction of the religious situation of Descartes' time, which was a main motivation for Descartes to write the Meditations.
Ruth, plaidoyer en faveur de la femme
Authors: Da Silva Aldina
Published: January 2017

L'objectif de cet article est de montrer comment le livre de Ruth est au service d'une polémique habile concernant la femme à l'époque postexilique. Dans un premier temps, l'auteure repère les mots-formules «normalement» appliqués à un sujet masculin qui, dans le contexte de Ruth, sont attribués à un sujet féminin. Dans un deuxième temps, l'auteure évoque le rôle de la femme et de l'homme dans le récit.
Toxic religion and the daughters of Job
Authors: Morrow William S.
Published: January 2017

This article seeks to add to the possible readings of Job by suggesting that the book portrays and responds to the shaming potential of a form of monotheistic faith in ancient Israel. The first section of the article defines the concept of toxic religion as a shaming belief system. The second section analyzes the conflict between Job and his dialogue partners in terms of a perfectionist retribution theology, a form of toxic religion. The third section suggests that the YHWH speeches in Job 38-41 undo some repressive beliefs which support such a theology. There are analogues between the challenge to these repressive beliefs and recovery from shaming family systems. The empowerment of Job's daughters in 42:15 is seen to be an appropriate response to YHWH's revelation by Job.
Factors Promoting Sphere of Influence Relationships
Authors: Mathisen Trygve
Published: January 2017

In the following article an attempt has been made to identify factors affecting the implementation of expansionist and imperialist policies, and consequently it sheds light on the problem why some weaker states become the sphere of influence of greater powers while other small states are less exposed to such influence. Domestic motive forces which may prompt a great power to embark on policies of expansion are only briefly dealt with.

On the basis of historical considerations a tentative conclusion is made concerning some factors affecting sphere of influence relationships. These factors are applied to the contemporary situation in an attempt to identify what areas are likely to remain exposed to strong great power influence, and to suggest in what directions the great powers are likely to expand their influence. It is assumed that the United States has reached at least a temporary climax with regard to the intensity and extension of its political influence. The Soviet Union and China, and most probably also Japan, are considered more capable of expanding their influence in the immediate future. It is, therefore, assumed that parts of Asia and Africa will remain areas of great power rivalry, but the present role of the great powers will reveal considerable changes, particularly in Southeast Asia.
Multinational Negotiation Parties: The Case of the European Community
Authors: Underdal Arild
Published: January 2017

An outline and explanation are given of some of the main characteristics in the negotiating behaviour of the European Community, and — more generally — of multinational actors at a similar level of integration. The EC is considered to be a coalition of states — more pluralistic and more complex than state actors. In this analysis focus is on the implications of pluralism. The dimension of pluralism itself is held to be relevant, first, to decision-making capacity, and, second, to the decisions produced, and — by implication — to the character and outcome of the negotiation processes. One main proposition submitted is that decision-making capacity is inversely related to pluralism of authority and structural complexity. Two main characteristics with regard to the actual decisions produced arc found and discussed: First, the decisions taken usually have to be close to the position advocated by the member that feels its vital interests at stake on a particular issue, and second, very often Community decisions are hard to modify or change. Throughout the article, the significance of the characteristics described is analysed in relation to three models of negotiation: integrative negotiations, negotiations governed by the principle of fairness, and distributive bargaining. Finally, the author explains to what extent and how the choice of procedure might affect the conclusions arrived at.
Sweden's Debate on the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Authors: Garris Jerome
Published: January 2017

Superpower development of tactical nuclear weapons appeared to alter the nature of land combat in the early 1950's. By 1954, the military and the Conservative party advocated acquisition of such weapons for Sweden's defense. The other political parties and the Government were ambivalent. In particular, conflicting opinions within the ruling Social Democratic party threatened party unity at a point when the party could least afford the cleavages an atomic weapons decision would create.

Seizing on the dual issues of nuclear disarmament and inadequate technical capabilities, the Government successfully pursued a policy of postponing a decision for nearly fifteen years. By the late 1960's, the vast arsenals of the superpowers and progress in disarmament efforts made it possible for the Government to officially decide not to acquire nuclear weapons.
Good Human Engineering is Possible Using off-the-Shelf Component Products
Authors: Woodson Wesley E.
Published: January 2017

More often than not, designers must use off-the-shelf components in creating a new equipment design. This is especially true when components relate to maintenance. Because much of this type of hardware is hidden from view, or is not considered part of the operating interface, components related to maintenance often are not selected with proper attention to human engineering considerations, either by the designer or the human engineer. Experience has shown that although many human engineering specialists specify general maintenance criteria, they do not follow through in selection of individual components that may be purchased off the shelf. This paper discusses typical design problems and recommends that human engineers take steps to keep up to date on new products, so that they will be in a better position to recommend those products which are better human-engineered.
Redundant Color Coding and Keeping-Track Performance
Authors: Kanarick Arnold F. , Petersen Ronald C.
Published: January 2017

An investigation was conducted to determine if performance on a keeping-track task could be enhanced by redundantly coding the displayed information channels that were being updated. At set intervals, the subject was interrogated about the status of any one of the information channels. The information consisted of numbers, colors, or numbers on a colored background, the last being the redundantly coded material. The three variables studied were channel value, payoff ratio, and coding condition. Results indicated that redundant coding did not aid performance; rather, it provided the subjects extra cues and increased the number of strategies that were used. As in previous studies, selective attention to the high-valued channels was a function of channel value and payoff ratio.
Evaluation of Auditory, Visual, and Dual-Mode Displays for Prolonged Sonar Monitoring in Repeated Sessions
Authors: Colquhoun W. Peter
Published: January 2017

Using a task which closely simulated the actual output from a sonar device, the performance of 12 subjects was observed for a total of 115 hr in repeated prolonged monitoring sessions under auditory, visual, and dual-mode display conditions. Despite an underlying basic superiority of signal discriminability on the visual display, and the occurrence of long-term practice effects, detection rate was consistently and substantially higher under the auditory condition, and higher again with the dual-mode display. These results are similar to those obtained by earlier workers using artificial laboratory tasks for shorter periods, and are consistent with the notion that auditory displays have greater attention-gaining capacity in a “vigilance” situation. A further comparison of the auditory and visual displays was then made in an “alerted” situation, where the possible occurrence of a signal was indicated by a warning stimulus in the alternative sensory mode. Ten subjects were observed for a total of 57 hr in these conditions, under which performance was found to be clearly superior with the visual display. Cross-modal correlations of performance indicated the presence of a common factor of signal detectability within subjects. It was concluded that where efficiency both in the initial detection of targets and their subsequent identification and tracking are equally important, the best solution would seem to be to retain both auditory and visual displays and to ensure that these are monitored concurrently.
The Effect of Screen Angle and Luminance on Microform Reading
Authors: Lee David R. , Buck James R.
Published: January 2017

Photographically reduced microform copy has demonstrated its value for efficient information storage and transmission. However, microform readers have been the object of user complaints. Some of these complaints are associated with design variables. An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of the two design variables of screen angle and screen luminance on microform reading at three low levels of ambient illumination. Negative microfiche and rear-projection readers were tested. Eye fixations and regressions were measured for 26 subjects while they read comparable microform materials under the 18 conditions of a full factorial experiment. Results showed that screen angle and luminance both significantly affected reading, but variations in ambient illumination did not. A vertically positioned screen with luminance of 41 ft—Lamberts provided the best reading condition at all levels of reading comprehension. However, these results were not consistent with user preferences.
Are You Still Bringing Me Down?
Authors: Olson Julie Skalamera , Crosnoe Robert
Published: January 2017

Romantic involvement and mental health are dynamically linked, but this interplay can vary across the life course in ways that speak to the social and psychological underpinnings of healthy development. To explore this variation, this study examined how romantic involvement was associated with trajectories of depressive symptomatology across the transition between adolescence and young adulthood. Growth mixture modeling of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health identified trajectories of depressive symptomatology as teens grew into their late 20s and early 30s ( N = 8,712). Multinomial logistic techniques regressed these trajectories on adolescent and young adult romantic experiences. Adolescent dating was associated with increased depressive symptoms early on, particularly for girls, but this risk faded over time. For both boys and girls, trajectories of decreasing symptoms were associated with young adult unions but also the coupling of adolescent dating with young adult singlehood.
Autopsy in Elderly Psychiatric Inpatients: A Retrospective Review of Autopsy Findings of Deceased Elderly Psychiatric Inpatients in North Cheshire 1980–1996
Authors: Salib Emad , Tadros George , Ambrose Angela
Published: January 2017

In this 17-year review of death certificates of elderly inpatients of a large psychiatric hospital in North Cheshire, the frequency, trend and value of performing autopsies were examined. Details of death certificates were compared with certificates issued after post-mortem examination to see whether an autopsy yielded any additional or relevant information about conditions that are not directly related to death but might well be of importance to public health.

The rate of post-mortem examination, at 9.5% of total hospital deaths, did not show any significant trend over most of the review period. The vast majority of autopsies examined had been requested by the coroner and not by the clinicians.

The review showed that an autopsy may be of some value in providing more information regarding any underlying causes of death in elderly psychiatric patients, but has no value in ensuring higher rate of the recording of conditions such as dementia, in particular Alzheimer's disease.

Selective hospital autopsy in elderly psychiatric patients to verify, neuropathologically, the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, will improve our diagnostic accuracy and provide valid statistics to be used in estimating prevalence, trends, risk factors and for use in all aspects of future research into Alzheimer's disease.
VI. A Case of Poisoning by Oil of Citronella
Authors: Mant A. Keith
Published: January 2017

Oil of citronella is an essential oil that is used as an insect repellant and is the active constituent of “Antimate.” The paper describes the findings in a case of fatal accidental poisoning when a child of twenty-one months drank about three teaspoonfuls of “Antimate.”
Delusions of Poisoning
Authors: Mawson D.
Published: January 2017

A study of the case notes of 101 patients at Broadmoor Hospital yielded 89 with a past history of psychosis, of whom 14 had suffered delusions of poisoning. In all but one the symptom seemed an important antecedent factor to serious violence, the imagined poisoner almost always being one of the victims. The possible aetiology and the predictive importance of the symptom are discussed.
Is There a Regional Subculture of Firearm Violence in Canada?
Authors: Lester David , Leenaars Antoon A
Published: January 2017

A study in Canada of the accidental death rate from firearms, and of suicide and homicide rates by firearms and by all other methods, for the period 1975–85, indicated that the rates were positively associated with one another. The results were interpreted using a subcultural theory of violence, and the social policy implications of the results were discussed.
Impact of the Oil Industry on Malaria Diagnosis and Management in North-East Scotland (1992-99)
Authors: Mackenzie A. R. , Laing R. B. S. , Douglas J. G. , Scott N. A. , Smith C. C.
Published: January 2017

In order to assess the current pattern of malaria presenting to the Aberdeen Infection Unit a retrospective casenote review was undertaken of 110 patients admitted with that diagnosis between 1st January 1992 and 31st August 1999. Oil-related work was the reason for travel in 48 (43.6%) of the UK residents, holiday in 35 (31.8%), backpacking in 8 (7.3%) and other work in 5 (4.5%). Sixty-five patients (59.1%) had PL falciparum malaria (pure or mixed), 25 (22.7%) had PL vivax, 6 (5.4%) PL ovale and 3 (2.7%) PL malariae infection. No prophylaxis had been taken by 66% of the 47 UK-based oil workers and by 36% of the other 48 UK residents who had returned from Africa. There is a need for better education of oil workers and holidaymakers travelling to areas endemic for malaria. We are now setting up a travel advisory service in our Unit to address the problem.
The Scotland Leukaemia Registry Audit of Incidence, Diagnosis and Clinical Management of New Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia in 1999 and 2000
Authors: Harrison S J , Johnson P R E , Holyoake T L
Published: January 2017

The management of CML has recently become increasingly complex. The Scotland Leukaemia Registry (SLR) sent questionnaires to all 26 Scottish haematology units, of which 18 (69%) responded. From January 1999 to December 2000, 64 new cases of CML were identified by the audit (incidence 0.64/100,00/yr), of which 46 were registered with the SLR. At diagnosis, all 18 units combined bone marrow examination with cytogenetics/FISH, but only 13 performed RT-PCR. Of four units that calculated the Hasford Score, only two used it to inform clinical decisions. 52% of patients entered clinical trials, 57% involving imatinib mesylate (IM). Of the 23 patients who were tissue typed, suitable donors were found for 18, 11 sibling, and 7 unrelated, representing 28% of the total patient population. Only 13/64 patients (20%) did not have a BMT donor identified or enter a clinical trial. Although 38% of units would consider reduced intensity allografting in patients > 60 years, no centres currently routinely tissue-type such patients. For first line therapy 56% of patients received hydroxyurea +/- interferon. Of the newer agents, 83% of units believed imatinib mesylate should be reserved for clinical trials, 83% would consider using oral ara-C and 89% pegylated-interferon.
Emergency Presentation of an Elderly Female Patient with Profound Hypoglycaemia
Authors: Waring W S , Alexander W D
Published: January 2017

We present the case of an elderly non-diabetic female who was admitted to hospital as an emergency due to loss of consciousness. Her clinical presentation was consistent with hypoglycaemia due to a massive insulin overdose. However, the patient refuted the possibility of insulin administration, and the circumstances were reported to the police for investigation. This case demonstrates the clinical and biochemical characteristics of insulin overdose. Furthermore, it serves to illustrate the sequence of events that may be created when foul play is suspected, and the factors related to patient confidentiality that require consideration by the responsible physician.
Acute Headache and Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: A Retrospective Review of CT and Lumbar Puncture Findings
Authors: O'Neill J , McLaggan S , Gibson R
Published: January 2017

Aim: Assess and correlate the clinical presentation, cranial CT and lumbar puncture (LP) findings in patients presenting with acute headache, clinically suspicious of subarachnoid haemorrhage, from the Accident and Emergency (A/E) department of a main teaching hospital. Method: We retrospectively reviewed over a 1-year period all patients referred for cranial CT from the A/E department, with clinically suspected nontraumatic SAH. Patients with a negative CT, with a diagnosis of SAH on LP, had their initial CT examination reassessed in a double blind review. Results: 116 consecutive patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into 3 groups post CT results: diagnostic of SAH (19), abnormal without evidence of SAH (16) and normal (81). The clinical management of the latter group was analysed with particular emphasis on the performance and results of lumbar puncture (LP). 81 patients, clinically suspicious of SAH in our study had a normal cranial CT and were eligible for LP. 49% had an LP, which was positive in 13% and contributed 24% to the total number diagnosed with SAH. LP was not performed in 51% of eligible patients. Conclusion: This study reviews the varying clinical presentations of SAH and the difficulty in clinically diagnosing SAH where headache is the only symptom. We review the wide differential diagnosis on cranial CT and on discharge of patients presenting with symptoms clinically suspicious of SAH. In addition this study identifies a high proportion of patients without detailed clinical notes and discharged without a diagnosis. The study reaffirms that a significant proportion of patients are diagnosed on LP and stress the importance of performing a LP in all cases with clinically suspected SAH with a negative CT. This latter point requires highlighting in the medical literature as over half of eligible patients did not have a LP performed despite this being accepted diagnostic protocol.
Ossification of the Achilles Tendon - A Case Report
Authors: Sasaki D , Hatori M , Kotajima S , Tanaka K , Kokubun S
Published: January 2017

Ossification of the Achilles tendon is a very unusual condition. We report a case with bilateral Achilles tendon ossification followed up for twelve years, treated twice surgically on the left side and conservatively on the right side. At the age of 51, the patient's plain radiogram showed bilateral ossifications of the Achilles tendon (right 55 mm, left 15 mm in length). The left side small mass was removed. The right side mass was decided to be followed up because of its large size. At the age of 61, ossification recurred on the left side. Conservative treatment with etidronate disodium for two years failed to prevent ossification from progressing. At the age of 63, the mass on the right and left sides increased to 70 mm and 45 mm in length, respectively. The mass of the left side was excised again, and dull pain disappeared postoperatively on the left side.
The Morbidity of Non-Operative Treatment of Possible Appendicitis
Authors: Howie J. G. R.
Published: January 2017

No attempt has previously been made to assess the morbidity of non-operative treatment of possible appendicitis. This paper uses the need for appendicectomy at a later date as the main criterion of morbidity. On the basis of a prospective study of 209 patients and a retrospective study of 1,284 patients, it appears that about 25 per cent of patients admitted to hospital with possible appendicitis but not operated on, require appendicectomy at a later date. In addition, only some 57 per cent of patients treated non-operatively do not again have pain. The presence of a past history of similar pain appears to prejudice unfavourably the results of non-operative treatment. Patients who return quickly to work and are not allowed to think that they have had appendicitis are the most likely to have a favourable prognosis.
The Morbidity of Appendicectomy
Authors: Howie J. G. R.
Published: January 2017

On the basis of a study of the clinical records of 1,312 patients operated on for possible appendicitis over a 2 year period, morbidity of a potentially serious nature was found to involve between 10 per cent (patients having normal appendices removed) and 75 per cent (patients having perforated appendices removed) of all patients operated on. These values include an estimate of the risk of requiring a second operation (mainly for adhesion obstruction) before and beyond 2 years after the original operation; in each instance this was calculated to be approximately 1 per cent. Advanced appendicitis is commoner in older than younger patients; in young patients more males than females have advanced appendicitis and more females than males have limited acute appendicitis. The overall incidence of appendicitis in young males and females appears to be equal. Removal of a normal appendix carries a significantly better prognosis if the operation is an emergency procedure (86% cured) as compared with a planned procedure (71% cured).
Two Sudden Unexplained Deaths in Asthmatics
Authors: Graham G. S.
Published: January 2017

A 50 year old female asthmatic died suddenly and an empty pressurised bronchodilator aerosol lay by her side. There was evidence of gross overdosage previously. Steroids had not been used. A 68 year old coal miner who had chronic bronchitis, had developed increasingly acute attacks of bronchospasm. He used pressurised bonchodilator aerosols in moderation but he was found dead with a half-empty aerosol canister beside him. Again no steroids were used. Post mortem revealed no obvious cause of sudden death. The danger of overuse of bronchodilator aerosols is stressed.