bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: BRUCE WILLIAM F. , KRASH OTTO
Published: April 2007

THE CLEAVAGE IN OUR CULTURE: STUDIES IN SCIENTIFIC HUMANISM IN HONOR OF MAX OTTO. Edited by Frederick Burkhardt.

A LAYMAN'S GUIDE TO EDUCATIONAL THEORY. By Richard S. Romanoczy and Charles W. Coulter.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: LEVIT MARTIN , MILLER HENRY , FURNESS EDNA LUE , KRASH OTTO
Published: April 2007

SOVEREIGN REASON. By Ernest Nagel.

THE SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL SOCIOLOGY. A Sociology of Education by Wilbur B. Brookover. New York: American Book Company, 1955; and Applied Principles of Educational Sociology and Educational Sociology, A Resource Book. Edited by Harold R. Bottrell.

WHY JOHNNY CAN'T READ AND WHAT YOU CAN DO ABOUT IT. By Rudolf Flesch.

THE FLEXIBLE SCHOOL: A REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF FLEXIBILITY IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: NORMAN J. W.
Published: April 2007

TEXT MATERIALS IN MODERN EDUCATION: A COMPREHENSIVE THEORY AND PLATFORM FOR RESEARCH. Edited by Lee J. Cronbach.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: HOFFMAN ROBERT
Published: April 2007

KNOWLEDGE IS NOT ENOUGH. By Samuel B. Gould.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: PUTNAM HOWARD , CARROLL KATHERINE M.
Published: April 2007

Education and Culture: Anthropological Approaches. George D. Spindler, Editor.

The Gutenberg Galexy. Marshall McLuhan.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: KUENZLI ALFRED E.
Published: April 2007

The Professional Education of Teachers, by Arthur W. Combs.
Book Review
Authors: Feinberg Walter
Published: April 2007

Education for Tragedy: Essays in Disenchanted Hope for Modern Man, by Kenneth D. Benne.
Brand Blanshard's Philosophy of Education
Authors: BOWMAN CARROLL R.
Published: April 2007

What is needed is a tradition in our universities and educated public as to what education means. It is not information; it is not skill; it is disciplined and flexible intelligence, ready to apply itself anywhere with clarity and precision1.
Review Article
Authors: LANGTON STUART
Published: April 2007

Review of Toward a Phenomenology of Education by J. Gordon Chamberlain.
Rule‐Making and Educational Inquiry
Authors: CHIPLEY DONALD R.
Published: April 2007

Democracy is not self‐executing. We have to make it work, and to make it work we have to understand it…Not only external vigilance, but unending self‐examination must be the perennial price of liberty, because the work of self‐government never ceases.
Ethnographic Data and Education Policy Analysis: Recent Qualitative Research
Authors: Porter‐Gehrie Cynthia
Published: April 2007

Review of Harry F. Wolcott, Teachers vs. Technocrats: An Eduacational Innovation in Anthropological Perspective (Eugene, Ore.: Univ. of Oregon, 1977).

Review of Safe School Study: Violent Schools – Safe Schools (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978).

Review of Ray Rist, The Invisible Children: School Integration in American Society (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1978).
Truth and Credibility
Authors: Beck Robert H.
Published: April 2007

Review of Harry S. Broudy, Truth and Credibility: The Citizen's Dilemma
A FAMILY CASE OF BLOOD GROUP B VARIANTS
Authors: Furukawa Ken , Takizawa Hisao , Iseki Shoei
Published: April 2007

Carriers of weak B variant were found in two generations of a family. The saliva of the father contained a small amount of B substance, but the saliva of his two daughters contained only H but not B.

The erythrocytes of the propositus reacted only with potent anti‐B and anti‐(A + B) sera, and though the erythrocytes were not agglutinated by the weaker anti‐B sera, the eluates showed that they combined with anti‐B antibody. The eluates from normal human B and AB erythrocytes, and guinea‐pig's erythrocytes which had adsorbed human anti‐B agglutinin, agglutinated normal B erythrocytes but not the weak B. The eluates from the weak B erythrocytes and rabbit's erythrocytes both of which had adsorbed anti‐B, agglutinated the weak B erythrocytes as well as the normal B erythrocytes. These weak B erythrocytes showed agglutinability as strong as that of O erythrocytes against anti‐H eel serum. The sera of these weak B variants contained normal anti‐A agglutinin and a weak anti‐B cold agglutinin which was reactive at 5°C. As the saliva of the propositus contained as much H substance as was found in group O secretor saliva, but not B substance, her blood group was denoted by Bx. Her sister has same characters of Bx. in the erythrocytes and in the saliva. Her father's blood group was AB, and his erythrocytes showed weak B antigenicity, and his saliva contained rather weak B substance as well as the normal amounts of A and H substances.
THE EFFECTS OF ANTIGENIC ISOMERISM AND ANTIGENIC AGGREGATION ON THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN INBRED RATS *
Authors: Kunz Heinz W. , Gill, III Thomas J.
Published: April 2007

There is no evidence for genetic control of the antibody response to the d‐amino acid polypeptide poly(dGlu52dLys33dTyr15) in contrast to the case of the l‐isomer in which the antibody response is genetically controlled and linked to the major histocompatibility locus. There is also no crossreactivity between the l‐ and d‐isomers of the polypeptide in the induction of the immune response. Aggregation of the l‐isomer with methylated bovine serum albumin (MeBSA) abolished the pattern of genetic control by increasing antibody formation in the low responders and by decreasing it in the high responders. Aggregation of the d‐isomer increased rather uniformly the antibody responses of all strains, except the moderately responding WF strain. The antibody response to the MeBSA in the aggregates was uniformly low, although there was a strain dependent variation in the antibody response to MeBSA alone.
FOUR NEW HL‐A ALLELIC FACTORS SUBTYPIC TO HL‐A12 AND W15. THEIR CORRELATION WITH W4 AND W6
Authors: Richiardi P. , Castagneto M. , D'Amaro J. , Schreuder I. , Vassalli P. , Curtoni E. S.
Published: April 2007

Several anti‐HL‐A antisera, correlated with either HL‐A12 or W15, were studied. Immunogenetic analysis was carried out by population and family studies, adsorptions, elutions and resistance to lysis induction capacity. Antibodies present in the sera allow the distinction to be made between two alternative factors subtypic to HL‐A12,‘TO 50’and‘TO 51′, and two alternative factors subtypic to W15,‘TO 52’and‘TO 53′. These subdivisions are genetically determined. Lysostrip experiments demonstrated them to be on the same molecule carrying either HL‐A 12 or W15. Thus, they enable the identification of new locus FOUR allelic products. These new HL‐A factors are strictly correlated with W4 and W6: haplotypic association has regularly been found between TO 50 and W4, TO 51 and W6, TO 52 and W4, TO 53 and W6. This subdivision of HL‐A allelic products into specificities subtypic either to W4 or to W6 is a characteristic common to most, if not all, FOUR factors. Finally, the commonly observed cross‐reaction between W15 and W17 preferably takes place with TO 52. It should be noted that both TO 52 and W17 are subtypic to W4.
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF CHACMA BABOONS TO INTRAVENOUS AND INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS OF HUMAN RED CELLS AND THE DEMONSTRATION OF POSSIBLE SIMILARITIES TO RH ISOIMMUNIZATION
Authors: Vos G. H. , Downing H. J.
Published: April 2007

The present study has shown that the intramuscular injection of human red cells into baboons can often produce long lasting antibodies of the IgG variety. The intravenous administration of human red cells into baboons sometimes fails to stimulate the production of antibodies to the first injection but after a second injection short duration IgG and IgM antibodies are generally observed. A similar pattern of antibody behaviour was also seen in a postnatal follow‐up study of Rh immunized women. Of significance was the finding that some women were able to make long lasting high titred Rh antibodies whilst others frequently produced antibodies which decreased in intensity shortly after pregnancy. It is postulated that the formation of long lasting high titred Rh antibodies may be due to the intrauterine trapping of fetal Rh incompatible cells during parturition, while the formation of antibodies which show a marked decrease in intensity may result from the passage of fetal cells into the maternal blood circulation. Different in vivo pathways of antibody formation are indicated for the two modes of red cell antigen presentation.
ALTERATIONS IN THE EXPRESSIVITY OF LYMPHOCYTE HL‐A ANTIGENS AND PLATELET‐SPECIFIC ANTIGENS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: Májský A.
Published: April 2007

A report is presented of three cases of healthy individuals with a transient absence of HL‐A2 antigen and presence of W28. Temporary deletion of platelet‐specific antigen 1a was observed in eight normal blood donors. The cause of the phenomenon is discussed.
MODIFICATION BY HERPESVIRUS OF HEREDITARY GVHR COMPETENCY
Authors: Longenecker B. M. , Pazderka F. , Ruth R. F.
Published: April 2007

Low GHVR competency is determined by B blood group and major histoin‐compatibility genes or genes linked to B. Low GVHR competency is associated with resistance to the herpesvirus‐induced lymphoma of Marek's disease. Herpesviruses increase genetically low GVHR competency, but have no effect on genetically high GVRH competency. This suggests that some major histoincompatibility genes restrain and lymphogenic herpesviruses stimulate T‐lymphocyte proliferation. B‐associated resistance to herpesvirus lymphoma is attributed to this restraint of T‐lymphocyte proliferation.
New Books and Reviews
Authors: Bauer K.
Published: April 2007

Book Review in this Article

Radioimmunoassay and Saturation Analysis, Scientific Editor: P. H. Sönksen
A POSSIBLE GENETIC SOLUTION OF THE AUSTRALIA HEPATITIS (B) ANTIGEN
Authors: Tovell T. R.
Published: April 2007

By applying the gene template structure (Tovell & Vos, 1973) to a series of observations made by Soulier & Couroucé‐Pauty (1973) a probable solution to the genetics of the Australia Hepatitis (B) antigen is presented.

Since the gene template structure proposed for antigens is of monomer, dimer and trimer structure–similar to antibody structure–this appears to mean that the Hepatitis antigen complex is similar. It is also likely that the determinants used to identify the Hepatitis antigens cut through the genetic systems and that most of them repeat in two or more ‘genetic antigens’.

A total of seventy‐three coincidences in nineteen groups of observation is reported, and there were no observations reported that did not coincide.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENETIC MARKERS IN THE THAI POPULATION
Authors: Van Loghem Erna , Chandanavingyong D. , Douglas R.
Published: April 2007

Serum samples of 200 Thai donors and of 138 individuals belonging to twenty‐two families were tested for allotypes of IgG and IgA heavy chains, i.e. G1m, G2m, G3m and A2m respectively, and of K type light chains, i.e. Km (formerly called Inv).

The heavy chain allotypes are inherited in fixed combinations called haplotypes. The composition of the haplotypes present in Thai could be deduced from family studies. The main haplotypes encountered were those that are characteristic for Orientals and the frequencies agreed with those found in other Southern Asian countries.

Ten samples showed phenotypes that could not result from the prevailing haplotypes.

The probable genotype of these samples is undecided.
Gm AND Inv MARKERS IN WHOLE MYELOMA SERA IN AN IRISH POPULATION
Authors: Blake P. J. , Greally J. F.
Published: April 2007

A survey has been carried out on sera from 136 myeloma patients for distribution of Gm markers 1, 2, 4 and 12 and Inv 1. It was found that with Gm (1), Gm(2) and Gm (12) the distribution was normal. However, Gm (4) was found to be present in 41 % of the sera compared with an expected value of 90%.
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY OF CHICKENS HOMOZYGOUS AT THE B‐LOCUS ERYTHROCYTE ANTIGEN. I. EFFECT OF B‐LOCUS MATCHING ON SKIN GRAFT SURVIVAL
Authors: French Valentine I.
Published: April 2007

The development of four lines of white leghorn birds homozygous at the blood group B‐locus is described. Blood grouping of these birds shows that genes for the A‐locus are still segregating. The survival time of skin grafts exchanged between birds of the same line (B‐locus identical) and of a different line (B‐locus non‐identical) was measured. The mean survival time of skin grafts exchanged between birds of the same line was 11.9 ± 2.6 days whilst that of skin grafts exchanged between birds of a different line was 7.5 ± 1.3 days. The relationship of the B‐locus to the major histocompatibility complex is discussed.
PASSIVE ENHANCEMENT OF H‐2 INCOMPATIBLE SKIN ALLOGRAFTS AND MLR INHIBITION BY CROSS‐REACTIVE Ia ANTIBODIES
Authors: Staines N. A. , Guy K. , Cuthbertson Joy L.
Published: April 2007

Passive enhancement of H‐2 incompatible skin allografts was studied in systems where the enhancing serum covered only a restricted number of Ia specificities involved in the incompatibility. Sera reacting with products of the I‐A region were effective at prolonging survival, probably to the same extent as a serum covering all the specificities of the incompatibility. Such sera also inhibited MLR in the same strain combinations. Interpretation of these and other data suggests that products of the I‐B, I‐E and I‐C regions play a subordinate role as target antigens for enhancement. It is concluded that either Ia antigens of different regions have different biological activities or enhancement is a function only of antibodies directed against antigens that stimulate in MLR.
INVESTIGATIONS OF IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE IN TETRAPARENTAL MOUSE CHIMAERAS
Authors: Festenstein H. , Huber Brigitte , Abbasi K. , Tuffrey Maureen , Gardner R. , Barnes R. D.
Published: April 2007

The tetraparental model was used to investigate the mechanism of induction and maintenance of tolerance. Of eight C57BL?BALB/c, potential tetraparental mice, six were found to be chimaeric by coat colour and by one or more of the following parameters: g.p.i., γ2a allotype testing, lymphocytotoxicity testing and germ line. None of the mice were chimaeric by all of these tests but showed instead a variable spectrum of chimaerism. Tolerance was investigated by both in vivo and in vitro testing. When the mice were chimaeric by at least two criteria, they were unresponsive to skin allografting (five out of six mice) and their spleen cells were non‐reactive against BALB/c × C57BL F1 s in the popliteal node GVH, test. In contrast, the MLRs were generally positive and could not be blocked by chimaera serum or suppressed by chimaera thymus suspensions. Thus while we cannot formally exclude a suppressive mechanism, our results are best explained by the classical theory of clonal elimination provided one accepts that clonal reactivity and elimination is heterogeneous. The very establishment of a successful chimaera may be dependent upon the elimination of clones causing lethal GVHR while those responsible for an MLR or other non‐lethal parameters of chimaerism is retained.
DO F1 CELLS DIVIDE AND RESPOND TO PARENTAL CELLS? STUDIES ON THE MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTION OF CBA MICE
Authors: Doenhoff M. J. , Rees C.T. , Leuchars E. , Festenstein H.
Published: April 2007

The CBA/H mouse lymphocytes which divide when cultured together with allogeneic blood in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) have been shown to be mainly of thymic origin with the aid of thymus grafted radiation chimaeras. By adaptation of a system used previously to quantity mitogen responsive cells, the relative number of cells in CBA/H mouse blood capable of responding in the MLR, and the effects of preimmunizing CBA/H mice with allogeneic cells have been quantified. In mixed lymphocyte reactions between parental and allogeneic F1 hybrid cells, substantial numbers of the latter cell type have been found in division. Attempts to elucidate the nature of these reacting F1 cells indicate that they are probably mainly of bone marrow origin and that they are responding in a non‐specific manner.
SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF LYMPHOID COMPLEMENT RECEPTORS BY ANTI‐H‐2 SERA: EVIDENCE FOR A NEW H‐2 LINKED POLYMORPHISM
Authors: Arnaiz‐Villena A. , Halloran P. , David C. S. , Festenstein H.
Published: April 2007

Certain anti‐H‐2 sera contain an antibody‐like activity which specifically inhibits EAC rosette formation by lymphoid (and not myeloid) cells of certain mouse strains. Studies in congenic recombinant mouse strains strongly indicate that at least part of the control of susceptibility to inhibition by these antisera is mediated by H‐2 linked genes, mapping in the I‐C subregion or the S region. The strain distribution of the trait CRIS indicates that certain H‐2 identical mice behave differently from one another, pointing toward a component of non‐H‐2 modulation of the H‐2 linked gene (or to a previously unsuspected H‐2 difference). Positive sera were usually raised across differences in the D end of the H‐2 complex. The complex implications of this system must be considered in the light of known S region involvement in complement metabolism.
COMMON ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF VARIABLE AND CONSTANT REGIONS OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Authors: Wuilmart C. , Urbain J.
Published: April 2007

Sequence data show that the immunoglobulins evolved from two sets of paralogous genes: a gene set coding for the V regions and another for the different C regions.

A comparison of sequences from these two gene sets shows homology between the V and C sets of genes: this homology is only significant when VH is compared with Cμ1, Cμ2 and Cγ1. There is a close agreement between our data drawn from sequence comparisons and the data of Poljak et al. (1974) drawn from crystallographic data.

This finding is in agreement with the results of the phylogenetic trees of the C and V gene sets: they suggest that the VH subgroups and the first constant domain of the heavy chains are the most ancient. Moreover homology between the red blood cell glycophorin and Cμ2 suggests that immunoglobulins could have a common origin with some membrane proteins.
HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) POLYMORPHISMS IN RABBIT II. A STUDY OF THE INHERITED HI 1 AND R 67 ANTIGENS IN RELATION TO HDL POLYPEPTIDES
Authors: Børresen Anne‐Lise
Published: April 2007

Rabbit high density lipoprotein (HDL) has been isolated by ultracentrifugation, delipidated by ether and ethanol, and treated with urea prior to separation of the different polypeptides by gel nitration. The two different genetic polymorphisms known in rabbit HDL were found to reside in two different polypeptides. This conclusion was reached in experiments where a quantitative radial immunodiffusion technique was employed. The results of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS indicate that the H1 1 antigen resides in a polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 40,000, whereas the R 67 antigen resides in a chain with a molecular weight of 17,000.
CHROMOSOMAL ASSIGNMENT OF THE HL‐A COMMON ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS IN MAN‐MOUSE SOMATIC CELL HYBRIDS*
Authors: Smith Moyra , Gold P. , Shuster J. , Tanigaki N. , Pressman D.
Published: April 2007

In the study presented here, man‐mouse somatic cell hybrid clones were examined by means of radioimmunoassays for the presence of both β2‐microglobulin (β2m) and the HL‐A xenoantigenic determinant. In addition, the clones were examined for their karyotype and the expression of enzymes with known chromosomal assignments. The results obtained indicate that the gene coding for the HL‐A xenoantigenic determinant is carred on chromosome 6. The data obtained provides a direct demonstration that the gene coding for β2m segregates independently of that coding for the alloantigenic polypeptide chain of the HL‐A molecule, and that the gene coding for β2m is carried on chromosome 15.
ENZYMATIC CONVERSION OF HUMAN GROUP O RED CELLS INTO GROUP B ACTIVE CELLS BY α‐D‐GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASES OF SERA AND SALIVAS FROM GROUP B AND ITS VARIANT TYPES
Authors: Kogure T. , Furukawa K.
Published: April 2007

Salivas from group B secretor or non‐secretor, acting on O red cells in the presence of UDP‐galactose, each converted them into B active cells, which were agglutinated against anti‐B human serum (1:512) at the titre of thirty‐two‐fold, while secretor or non‐secretor group AB salivas converted O red cells into B active cells, which were agglutinated by anti‐B human serum (1:512) at the titre of eight‐ to sixteen‐fold. The results indicate that the α‐galactosyltransferases which participate in the biosynthesis of group B substance are secreted in group B or AB salivas of both secretor and non‐secretor types as well as in their sera.

Agglutinabilities of enzymatically converted B‐active red cells against anti‐B human serum indicate that α‐galactosyltransferase activities of both serum and saliva from a weak B (Bw) individual, who has weak B antigens in red cells and saliva, were lower than those of normal group B.

The α‐galactosyltransferase activities in group Bm sera were lower than those of normal group B, while the enzyme activities in salivas of group Bm were demonstrated to the same degree in normal group B salivas.
AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN NEWFOUNDLAND WITH THE GENETIC MARKER Glm(z) WITHOUT Glm(a) IN FIVE SIBLINGS. A POSSIBLE HYBRID MOLECULE
Authors: van Loghem Erna , Buehler S. K. , de Lange G. , Marshall W. H. , Newton R. M.
Published: April 2007

Inheritance of Glm(z) without Glm(a) was found in five members of a Newfoundland family. The investigations were suggestive for the transmission of a Gm haplotype (z; n‐; g) coding for Glm(z) and nGlm(a) at the Fd and Fc parts, respectively, of the IgGl heavy chain.
ATTEMPT AT ‘IMMUNOLOGICAL CASTRATION’ AS AN APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF TESTOSTERONE IN CONTROL OF EXPRESSION OF CERTAIN MOUSE ANTIGENS
Authors: Vojtíšková M. , Voráčová B. , Holík J. , Havránek M. , Matoušek V.
Published: April 2007

Adult male mice of the strain B10.A were immunized with a testosterone‐protein conjugate, testosterone‐3‐(O‐carboxymethyl)‐oxime‐bovine serum albumin which contained 27·75 steroid residues/mol BSA. Two different immunization doses of the conjugate were used, respectively, 2 × 40 μg and 2 × 200 μg in complete Freund's adjuvant or in alum adjuvant. There were two groups of control males, non‐immunized and immunized with BSA in adjuvant. In the pooled immune sera, antibodies to testosterone were determined by radioimmunoassay; their titre ranged between 7 and 10. On histological sections of testes, inhibition of spermatogenesis (manifested by a lower frequency or even absence of tubules producing mature sperm, reduced frequency of tubular cells and their degenerative changes) was observed in almost all males immunized with the higher dose of the conjugate. In such animals, increased frequency of interstitial cells (except vascular elements) and enlarged nuclei of Leydig cells were found. In spite of these signs of a hyperproduction of testosterone by the Leydig cells, the product seemed to have lacked its normal biological activity as suggested not only by the low activity of spermatogenesis, but also by a significantly subnormal level of the androgen‐dependent serum protein Ss.
CAD(SUPER Sda) IN A BRITISH FAMILY WITH EASTERN CONNECTIONS: A NOTE ON THE SPECIFICITY OF THE DOLICHOS BIFLORUS LECTIN
Authors: Bird G. W. G. , Wingham June
Published: April 2007

Cad, Sd(a++) or Super Sda is a rare, inherited, dominant blood group character which is of much interest, not only with regard to problems in pretransfusion tests (erythrocyte polyagglutination) but also in the field of lectin specificity. We have studied this blood group character in a British family with Eastern connections and present a brief account of its serological and clinical importance. Most persons are Sd(a+) but there is a wide distribution of antigen strength, ranging from ordinary Sd(a+) to Cad. Most persons also have weak anti‐Sda in their serum; this is ordinarily of no clinical importance, but could cause problems if Cad bloods are transfused. The chief structural determinant of Cad specificity is N‐acetyl‐d‐galactosamine in α‐linked position, yet it is clearly distinguishable by use of appropriate lectins from other blood group antigens, A and Tn, which also have this acetyl‐hexosamine as their chief structural determinant. A method for the rapid identification of Cad, applicable to all ABO groups, is described. The lectin of Dolichos biflorus, which is specific for N‐acetyl‐d‐galactosamine in α‐linked position, reacts strongly with A(A1), Tn and Cad cells, its action on Cad cells being much the strongest. Absorption‐elution studies show that one and the same lectin reacts with both A1 and Tn cells. Absorption with Cad cells abolishes activity for A1, Tn and Cad cells; whereas absorption with A1 or Tn cells leaves activity for Cad. This does not necessarily indicate that anti‐Cad is a separate component since the same result can be obtained by simply diluting the Dolichos reagent. However, eluates from Cad cells react only with Cad cells, whereas eluates from A1 or Tn cells react with A1, Tn and Cad cells.
HLA ANTIGEN STUDIES IN A FAMILY WITH C2 DEFICIENCY
Authors: Opelz G. , Glovsky M. M.
Published: April 2007

Two children in a family were found to be homozygous for C2 deficiency; both parents and a third child were heterozygous. C2 deficiency was associated with the HLA haplotypes carrying the antigens B18 and DW2. Antigen A10 was absent in this family. Mixed lymphocyte culture studies among the family members confirmed the association of C2 deficiency with the HLA‐D locus.
STUDIES ON THE MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN DEFECT OF En(a‐) ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Dahr W. , Uhlenbruck G. , Wagstaff W. , Leikola J.
Published: April 2007

En(a‐) and EnaEn red cells from different sources were studied using biochemical and serological methods. The results suggest that Finnish En(a–) erythrocytes contain only ‘N’ but no M antigenic properties. Data on the members of the English En(a‐) family suggest that English En(a‐) red cells exhibit a combination of three rare alterations. The English En(a–) individuals are apparently heterozygous for the defects En and Mk. In addition, the ‘N’ receptor on the Ss glycoprotein is, to all appearances, converted to a M (‘M’) antigen. These extraordinary data are brought to light by investigations on the children of the propositus (G.P. and J.P.), whose red cells are M‐N+S‐s+‘N’+‘M’‐ and M‐N+S+s+‘N’+‘M’+ respectively. Sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic results indicate that the MN glycoprotein content is decreased by about 50 % in all English S+s+EnaEn red cells, the Ss glycoprotein being normal. G.P. erythrocytes, however, have only about half of the normal MN and Ss glycoprotein content.
ABSORPTION ANALYSIS OF H‐2D AND K ANTIGENS ON SPERMATOZOA
Authors: Erickson R. P. , Gachelin G. , Fellous M. , Jacob F.
Published: April 2007

The presence of H‐2D and K antigens on mouse spermatozoa has been investigated by absorption followed by testing on the proper target lymphocytes. It is concluded that, in addition to Ia antigens, H‐2D and K antigens are indeed expressed on mouse sperm cells.
CYTOTOXIC INTERACTIONS OF VIRUS SPECIFIC EFFECTOR CELLS WITH VIRUS INFECTED TARGETS OF DIFFERENT CELL TYPE*
Authors: Koszinowski U. , Ertl Hildegund
Published: April 2007

The action of Sendai virus specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) against Sendai virus infected macrophages was found to be H‐2 restricted while Sendai virus infected cell lines, including fibroblasts and tumour cells, were lysed across the H‐2 barrier to some extent. The properties of the Meth‐A tumour cell, which was resistant to lysis by allogenic killer cells was investigated. Sendai virus specific CTL failed to kill Sendai virus infected Meth‐A cells but after vaccinia virus infection these target cells were susceptible to lysis by vaccinia virus specific CTL.
HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) POLYMORPHISMS IN RABBIT: PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODY TO RABBIT ALLOTYPE (R 67) IN SHEEP
Authors: Børresen Anne‐Lise
Published: April 2007

Antiserum to a rabbit HDL allotype has been produced in a sheep. Qualitative and quantitative immunological tests of whole rabbit serum and purified HDL polypeptides, as well as association tests, showed that the absorbed sheep immune serum reacts with the HDL allotype referred to as R 67.
SOME IMMUNOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Lea ‐AND Leb‐ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN HUMAN URINE
Authors: Shinohara T. , Yamamoto S. , Iseki S.
Published: April 2007

Lea‐ and Leb‐active substances present in normal human urine were isolated by sequential membrane filtration, column chromatography with DEAE‐Sephadex (A‐25), and gel filtration of Bio‐Gel (P‐6). Lea‐active substance with the highest activity was obtained in the P‐1 fraction (0.8 mg/1) from urine of a non‐secretor type by the final gel filtration. Leb‐active substance with the highest activity was also obtained in the P‐1 fraction (0.2 mg/1) from urine of a secretor type. The P‐1 of the non‐secretor inhibited Lea‐anti‐Lea haemagglutination minimally at 4 μg/ml, and the P‐1 of the secretor inhibited Leb‐anti‐Leb haemagglutination at 1 μg/ml. Both P‐1 fractions possessing Lea or Leb activity were characteristic in having a much higher fucose content than other isolated fractions, and seemed to be complex carbohydrates with molecular weights of the order of 4–5 × 103.
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS AND OTHER GENETIC MARKERS IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
Authors: Berg‐Loonen Ella M. van den , Dekker‐Saeys Betty J. , Meuwissen S. G. M. , Nijenhuis L. E. , Engelfriet C. P.
Published: April 2007

Of 118 Dutch patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis (AS) 81.4% were found to be positive for the HLA antigen B27. The B27 frequency proved to be significantly higher in patients in whom the disease had an early onset.

In addition to B27, another HLA antigen may be associated with AS; the antigen Bw16 was found to be significantly increased in B27 negative AS patients.

HLA phenotype frequencies were also determined in 109 patients with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In fifty‐eight ulcerative colitis (UC) patients a raised incidence of A11 was noticed. In fifty‐one patients with Crohn's disease (CD) the antigen B18 showed an increased frequency. Both deviations were statistically significant. In thirty‐nine patients suffering from both AS and IBD 50% proved to be B27 positive, which is significantly different from the B27 frequency in patients with AS alone. In the B27 negative patients with AS and IBD an increased frequency of Bw16 was also shown.
THE EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON LYMPH NODE WEIGHT IN THE MOUSE
Authors: Hetherington C. M. , Humber D.P.
Published: April 2007

Lumbar and renal lymph nodes, inguinal lymph nodes and spleen weights were recorded during pregnancy in mice after mating with males of the same (syngeneic) or a different (allogeneic) strain. The weights of these nodes increased during pregnancy. Spleen weights increased up to the fifteenth day of pregnancy and then decreased in weight. There was no consistent correlation of any of these measurements with the extent of the antigenic dissimilarity between mother and conceptus.
A STUDY OF THE INCREASED SERUM LEVEL OF IgG1 IN ‘LETHARGIC’ MICE COMBINED WITH A DEPRESSED THYMUS‐DEPENDENT LYMPHOID SYSTEM
Authors: Dung H. C. , Lawson R. L. , Stevens M. , Walker Gail A.
Published: April 2007

In a series of recent studies on ‘lethargic’ mice, a neurological mutation of the mouse, significant abnormalities were discovered in the thymus and its dependent regions in the lymph nodes and spleen. The present study was made as an approach toward finding the possible causes for these abnormalities. Serum IgG1 levels were studied in ‘lethargic’ mutants at the age when severe deficiency of the thymus‐dependent lymphoid system is known to occur in the animal. Using the radial immunodiffusion method, it was found that serum IgG1 levels are always significantly higher in ‘lethargic’ mice than in their normal littermates. Possible causes of the higher IgG1 in the serum of ‘lethargic’ mice are discussed. The authors note the similarities of other mouse mutations to that of the ‘lethargic’ mouse and propose the possibility that a common mechanism may account for immunologic deficiencies in several types of mutant mice.
ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIFFERENCES IN EARLY VERSUS LATE AGGLUTINABILITY WITH H‐2 ANTIBODIES OF NEONATAL MOUSE ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Boubelík M. , Lengerová Alena
Published: April 2007

Neonatal red blood cells (RBC) of some mouse strains are agglutinable by H‐2 antibodies immediately after birth (early strains, E) while others only on day 3 (late strains, L). Previous genetic analysis led to the conclusion that there are at least three ‘temporal’ genes controlling the timing of agglutinability. In the present study, we attempted to throw some light on the way in which these genes function by defining the phenotypic difference(s) between H‐2 agglutinable (E) and non‐agglutinable (L) neonatal RBC. We found that the E vs L difference was not manifested in two other assays, for in agglutination with lectins (Con A and PHA) both cell types behaved as E while in formation of alloclusters with H‐2 specific lymphocytes both behaved as L. Unlike H‐2aE, H‐2aL (native) neonatal RBC had virtually no detectable antibody‐absorbing capacity, however, following digestion with trypsin or neuraminidase (NANAse) they acquired both antibody‐absorbing capacity and agglutinability. In contrast to it, adult RBC lost agglutinability following GA‐fixation, but this could not be counteracted by trypsinization. Neonatal H‐2aL RBC could be made agglutinable by the action of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) or by an admixture of adult H‐2a RBC. The results are thus compatible with a hypothesis that the H‐2 receptors on neonatally non‐agglutinable (L) RBC are not absent, but in a state interfering with agglutinability; a poor accessibility to antibody may be due to a rigid integration of H‐2 sites with the cell membrane which prevents their antibody‐mediated juxtaposition to similarly rigid receptors on other cells. The possible nature of the allelic difference between E and L H‐2 receptors is discussed.
PGM3 LOCUS AND ITS GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN LYMPHOCYTES OF THE PIG
Authors: Pretorius A. M. G. , Schmid D. O. , Cwik S. , Meyer J. , Albert* E. D.
Published: April 2007

PGM3 activity was investigated by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. In the pig of the German Landrace three different phenotypes have been recognized: F, S and FS. Family studies suggest the occurrence of at least two alleles –PGM3F and the PGM3S at an autosomal locus.
COMPARISON OF HAPLOTYPES OF THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX IN THE RAT II. SEROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE HAPLOTYPES H‐1a (Ag‐B4), H‐1d (Ag‐B9) and H‐1f (Ag‐B10)
Authors: Kunz H. W. , Štark O. , III Gill T. J.
Published: April 2007

The strongly cross‐reacting haplotypes of the inbred strains DA, ACI, ACP, MR, BD V and AS2, and of the congenic lines LEW.1A, LEW.1D and LEW. 1F, were explored. All of these inbred strains and these congenic lines type with anti‐Ag‐B4 antisera raised against the DA strain, which behaved as operationally mono‐specific in previously reported studies of the eight currently defined Ag‐B haplotypes. Serological analyses showed that this cross‐reactivity was due to antibodies against public antigenic specificities which were not previously recognized as being in the anti‐Ag‐B4 antisera, due to the fact that the LEW.1D and LEW. 1F animals were not available for testing. With the use of appropriate antisera and of absorption studies, two haplotypes in the H‐1 system were found not to have been previously identified in the Ag‐B system. The animals carrying the H‐1d haplotype (MR, BD V and LEW.1D) have been designated as Ag‐B9, and those carrying the H‐1f haplotype (AS2 and LEW.1F) have been designated as Ag‐B10. With the proper absorptions, an anti‐Ag‐B4 antiserum can be prepared which reacts only with the DA, ACI and ACP strains, and it will henceforth be used as the operationally mono‐specific Ag‐B4 typing reagent. A variety of typing experiments showed that the results using antisera raised in Pittsburgh and in Prague and using the Ficoll and dextran haemagglutination methods were the same.
STUDY OF THE α‐N‐ACETYLGALACTOSAMINYLTRANSFERASE IN SERA AND RED CELL MEMBRANES OF HUMAN A SUBGROUPS
Authors: Cartron J. P. , Badet J. , Mulet C. , Salmon Ch.
Published: April 2007

The product of the A blood group gene in the erythrocyte membrane and serum from ‘weak A’ variants was investigated using low and high molecular weight acceptors and compared with common A1 and A2 blood samples. A reduced enzyme activity was detected, but only in some of the A variants, namely the A3 (eight out of eleven), Am or Ay samples. Other sera from A3 (three out of eleven), Ax, Aend or Ael individuals were apparently devoid of enzyme activity.

A kinetic study by temperature inactivation of A blood group sera also showed that A enzymes are more labile than B enzymes from BI or BII sera. Moreover, in one case (A3 sample Del.), a very fast inactivation of the A enzyme was observed, suggesting the occurrence of a variant enzyme qualitatively different from the others so far studied.

The erythrocyte membrane preparations from all A variants contained no detectable A enzyme activity except for the A1 and A2 samples, the former being three to five times more active than the latter. The B enzyme activities from four samples of B RBC tested were comparatively stronger than the A enzyme activity of A1 RBC.

The results were discussed and it was suggested that the synthesis and/or the secretion of the A enzyme in the organism is not uniform from one tissue to another, but could depend on which of the ‘weak A’ alleles or modifier genes is involved.
STUDIES ON THE MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN DEFECT OF En (a‐) ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Dahr W. , Uhlenbruck G. , Leikola J. , Wagstaff W.
Published: April 2007

Sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic methods and quantitative analyses of the N‐terminal amino acids were applied to the sialoglycoprotein mixture and glycoprotein fractions from normal erythrocyte membranes, as well as preparations from red cells of individuals belonging to the English and Finnish En(a‐) families. The data confirm the observation by alternative methods that SS cells exhibit a higher Ss glycoprotein content than ss erythrocytes. The results of end‐group analyses suggest that the N‐terminal amino acids serine and leucine represent the structures differentiating the MN and the ‘M’ and ‘N’ antigens on the MN and Ss glycoproteins respectively. Data from peptide sequence analyses confirm that the glycine/glutamic acid polymorphism at the fifth position of the MN glycoprotein's peptide chain is closely or absolutely linked with the serine/leucine polymorphism at its N‐terminal position. As normal (EnaEna) red cells exhibiting ‘M’ antigenic properties have not been detected, the hypothesis is proposed that the Ss glycoprotein of English En(a‐) erythrocytes possesses an MN‐Ss hybrid polypeptide chain analogous to those of the δ‐β Lepore haemoglobins.
PRESENCE OF SLA AND Ia‐LIKE ANTIGEN ON BOAR SPERMATOZOA
Authors: Vaiman M. , Fellous M. , Wiels J. , Renard C. , Lecointre J. , du Mesnil du Buisson F. , Dausset J.
Published: April 2007

Several parameters for serological tests on boar spermatozoa were studied, and a reliable technique was developed and employed. Using SLA (the MHC system in pig) genotyped boars, and specific reagents, SLA and Ia‐like antigens were demonstrated on the sperm using both the cytotoxic and the absorption test. No SLA activity was detected in the seminal fluid.
PLACENTAL AND FOETAL WEIGHT IN THE NUDE MOUSE
Authors: Hetherington C. M.
Published: April 2007

Placental and foetal weight and litter size were studied on the 18th day of pregnancy in the athymic nude mouse. Placental weight and litter size were unaffected by the absence of a thymus. Foetal weight was reduced, probably as a result of the health status of such animals.
COMPARISON OF THE HAPLOTYPES OF THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX IN THE RAT
Authors: ŠTark O. , Kunz H. W. , III Gill T. J.
Published: April 2007

Two haplotypes which posed difficult problems in serological identification, those of the HW and MNR/N strains, were studied. The HW strain was originally described as a unique haplotype (H‐1h), but breeding difficulties precluded its detailed serological analysis. The red blood cells of the HW strain agglutinate weakly and cross‐react with antisera to the Ag‐B8 group. Anti‐HW antisera cross‐react strongly with LEW, ACI and WKA, but absorption with these strains did not produce an adequate typing serum. By judicious selection of recipients, however, an appropriate typing reagent could be made; a particularly useful one was (BUF × MR)F1 anti‐HW absorbed with WKA red blood cells. The HW haplotype segregated appropriately in a (DA × HW)F2 population. The HW strain is a low responder to poly (Glu52Lys33Tyr15). The H‐1h haplotype of this strain was designated Ag‐B12.

The MNR/N strain had not previously been studied serologically, although its MLR type had been defined as H‐1c (MLR‐5). Antisera to MNR/N crossreacted strongly with the H‐1a, b, d, f haplotypes, but MNR/N red blood cells agglutinated only weakly with many antisera. An operationally monospecific reagent antiserum to the MNR/N haplotype could not be made. The uniquencess of the MNR/N haplotype was shown by F1 tests with LEW.1A, LEW.1D and LEW.1F, by various serological analyses, including production of antisera against MNR/N and in the MR strain; by segregation studies with (LEW × LEW.1D)N5 and (DA × DA.MNR)N4 segregating back‐cross populations, and by grafting skin from (DA × DA.MNR)N4 homozygous and heterozygous animals to DA recipients. The MNR/N strain is a high‐responder to poly (Glu52Lys33Tyr15). The MNR/N haplotype of this strain was designated Ag‐B13 (H‐1m). The data led to the working hypothesis that the MNR/N strain may be a recombination between the A region of H‐1d and the B region of H‐1c. In addition, the H‐1d private specificity at the A region was probably lost by a deletion mutation which left the main complex of public specificities intact.
GENETICS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS STUDIED IN THREE RAT STRAINS
Authors: Lindh J. , Källén B.
Published: April 2007

A genetic analysis has been performed on susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using three strains of rats: one susceptible strain (Lewis) and two nearly resistant strains (Fischer and PVG). The (LEW x F)F1 hybrid is highly susceptible, the (LEW x PVG)F1 hybrid nearly resistant. Backcross analysis demonstrates that susceptibility cannot be solely explained by a gene linked to the AgB complex, especially not in the Lewis‐PVG combinations. A hypothesis is presented where susceptibility is regulated by a susceptibility gene linked to the AgB complex and a resistance gene which is not linked to that complex.
RED BLOOD CELL ALLOANTIGENIC SYSTEMS IN THE RAT
Authors: Kunz H. W. , III Gill T. J.
Published: April 2007

A new alloantigenic system on red blood cells, Ag‐S, is described: the Ag‐S1 allele is present in the SHR strain, and all other strains tested possess the allelic Ag‐S2 specificity. The Ag‐C system, which was previously described using xenogeneic antisera, was shown to be an alloantigenic system. The appropriate strain combinations are needed to elicit detectable antibodies, and the variability of the antigenic strength of this system can lead to problems in histocompatibility (Ag‐B, H‐1) typing. The Ag‐D system was explored using both allogeneic and xenogeneic antisera. All three red cell systems are not linked to each other and are not linked to Ag‐B (H‐1). They are not isoantigenic systems, at least in the classical sense, since a variety of normal rat sera did not contain agglutinating antibodies to these antigens. Antibodies raised in various strain combinations are haemagglutinating but are not cytotoxic. The three antigenic systems serve as useful markers in delineating strains and substrains, and a variety of inbred strains of animals were typed using these reagents.
A WEAK HUMAN MLR LOCUS MAPPING AT THE RIGHT OF A CROSSING‐OVER BETWEEN HLA‐D, Bf AND GLO
Authors: Mawas C. , Charmot D. , Sivy M. , Mercier P. , North M. L. , Hauptmann G.
Published: April 2007

An unexpected MLR reaction has been observed between three HLA‐identical sibs; it consists of a bidirectional positive MLR between identical female twins and a sister. No argument for a lymphoid mosaic could be found, although twins were frequent in the family; similary no HLA‐A/B or HLA‐B/D recombinant could be demonstrated.

The MLR, although weak, was highly reproducible. PLTs could be raised between the sibs, without an apparent segregation in this family nor in five other families, but such PLTs discriminated well between the positive and negative controls. In the absence of any proof that such a weak MLR locus could be on another chromosome than chromosome 6, two lines of argument are indirect evidences that such a locus could be indeed on chromosome 6: one of the sibs differs from the two others for two markers outside HLA‐D‐DR‐Bf: glyoxalate (GLO) and red blood group P.
FAILURE TO FIND H‐2‐ASSOCIATED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO LCM DISEASE
Authors: Neustadt P. M. , Cody T. S. , Monjan A. A.
Published: April 2007

Nine strains of mice bearing five distinct H‐2 genotypes were inoculated intracerebrally with LCMV. There was no association found between particular K or D allotypes and susceptibility to acute LCM disease.
IMMUNOPATHOGENICITY AND ONCOGENICITY OF MURINE LEUKAEMIA VIRUS: IV. ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODY RESPONSE AND TUMOUR INDUCTION IN B10.A. RECOMBINANT MICE
Authors: Croker B. P. , Bourdon M. , McConahey P. J. , Dixon F. J.
Published: April 2007

The levels of murine leukaemia virus (MuLV) proteins p30 and gp70, antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti‐soluble nuclear protein, anti‐single‐stranded DNA, anti‐double‐stranded DNA and anti‐histone antibodies were measured in B10.A and B10.A recombinant mice neonatally infected with MuLV‐Scripps (Lerner et al., 1972). The incidence and latency of lymphoma and the incidence of glomerulonephritis were also determined. The mice studied could be divided into high‐responder and low‐responder groups. Most of the high ANA antibody could be attributed to anti‐histone antibody. High response was associated with the H‐2b haplotype and recombinant strains on the B10 background which were identical at the I‐A subregion derived from the H‐2b parental stock. In contrast, low ANA response was associated with the I‐A subregion derived from the H‐2k haplotype. In all groups of virus‐inoculated animals, most animals developed serum elevations of p30 and gp70 and at least 72% of the inoculated animals developed lymphomas. High serum p30 levels correlated inversely with latency and directly with gp70 values. From 4 to 28% of the animals in each virus‐inoculated group had histological evidence of glomerulonephritis, although no clear genetic basis could be ascribed to the incidence of glomerulonephritis, serum p30 or gp70 levels, or latency of lymphoma development.
A SEARCH FOR ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IgD CONCENTRATIONS AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES IN 936 SERA FROM A GENETIC ISOLATE IN NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: Salimonu L. S. , Bryant D. G. , Lange G. de , Marshall W. H. , Newton R. M. , Loghem E. Van
Published: April 2007

Immunoglobulin allotype (Gm) data has been analysed against immunoglobulin D (IgD) concentrations in a population study in Newfoundland. There was no significant difference between the distribution of IgD concentrations in people homozygous for the alleles Glm(f) and G3m(b) when compared with people homozygous for the alleles G1m(a) and G3m(g). These findings, involving 573 homozygous individuals as opposed to ninety‐eight in an earlier study on a New York population, do not confirm the earlier findings. Thus a genetic influence on IgD concentration by Gm genes or genes closely linked to them is not universally demonstrable by typing for these four markers and by using the Mancini technique for measuring IgD concentration.