bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-6-propylamino-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile
Authors: Jasinski Jerry P. , Akkurt Mehmet , Mohamed Shaaban K. , Abdu-Allah Hajjaj H. M. , Albayati Mustafa R.
Published: September 2015

In the title compound, C17H17N5, the dihedral angle between the 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.001 Å) and the attached phenyl group is 2.56 (6)°. The propylamino side chain has a contorted conformation [Car—N—C—C = −77.97 (16)° and N—C—C—C = −57.37 (17)°]. An intramolecular C—H...N interaction closes anS(6) ring. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H...N hydrogen bonds generateR22(12) loops. Aromatic π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.5726 (8) Å] are also observed.
Crystal structure of 3-methylpyridinium picrate: a triclinic polymorph
Authors: Gomathi Jeganathan , Kalaivani Doraisamyraja
Published: September 2015

The title molecular salt, C6H8N+·C6H2N3O7−(systematic name: 3-methylpyridinium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate), crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP-1. The crystal structure of the monoclinic polymorph (space groupP21/n) has been reported [Stilinovic & Kaitner (2011).Cryst. Growth Des.11, 4110–4119]. In the crystal, the anion and cation are linkedviabifurcated N—H...(O,O) hydrogen bonds, enclosing anR12(6) graph-set motif. These units are linkedviaC—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional framework. Within the framework there are π–π interactions present, involving inversion-related picrate anions and inversion-related pyridinium cations, with inter-centroid distances of 3.7389 (14) and 3.560 (2) Å, respectively.
University campuses in spatial transformation
Authors: Rytkönen Eelis
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts of spatial transformation in the Network Society on facilities management principles in the context of an interdisciplinary university campus.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study reports a holistic case study with eight embedded units in one interdisciplinary university campus in Finland through a business model approach.

Findings

– The findings propose that spatial development projects should be examined holistically on three facilitation layers, namely, social, physical and virtual, through five business model lenses of Offering, Customers, Revenue Streams, Resources, and Cost Structure. Based on the findings, four main business model types can be identified and distinguished mainly in terms of collaborating with different partners and supporting a different core task of the university.

Research limitations/implications

– The cases are highly context-dependent, and their business models are ever evolving, which is why the dynamics of the development processes should be studied in more detail. The types of business models differ fundamentally, which is why their evaluation criteria could be tailored accordingly.

Practical implications

– The results suggest that the spatial transformation requires multiple supporting processes and principles, expanding the roles of the campus managers: finding a balance between localization and globalization, and individualism and communalism; collaborating with internal and external parties; identifying potential grass root spatial development projects to be supported; and engaging users in their expertise. The strengthening impact of social facilitation is capable of opening new business opportunities.

Originality/value

– This study indicates that the spatial transformation is happening in practice and offers guidelines for dynamically reacting to it from the facilities management perspective.
Taking the lead in science education reform in NSW, 1957-1964
Authors: Clark Jennifer
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine how Harry Messel, Harold Wyndham, L.C. Robson and Robert Menzies were instrumental in bringing about substantial change in science curriculum and infrastructure reform in NSW schools.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper relies on substantial archival research including materials never before examined or used by historians of education history. The paper is divided into sections, the first uses teacher surveys and identifies problems with science teaching in 1958, a key year in education history and each section after that looks at the contribution of Wyndham, Messel, Robson and Menzies in driving a new direction for science education.

Findings

– The research found that Wyndham, Messel, Robson and Menzies each contributed a new dimension to the reform of science education in Australia. Their individual contributions were substantial, inter-related and interlocking but quite different. The paper argues that it is not adequate to look at science education reform purely as a means to introduce State Aid, rather science education reform was advocated as a means to ensure students had a scientific literacy going forward into a technologically driven future.

Research limitations/implications

– The research strikes a path through a vast primary source record to outline how individuals and science teachers more generally believed in science education reform as a mechanism to ensure students were better placed to enter a post-Sputnik world. As a result, known arguments around State Aid are only part of the story and not the main focus of the research. The aim is to supplement that knowledge by looking more at a broader picture for science reform for its own sake.

Originality/value

– This paper takes an original approach to the history of curriculum change by providing a broader context for the State Aid debate, that is, by focussing on individual contributions to science education reform for its own sake and because science education was deemed necessary for student literacy in the future. At the same time it uses archival material never before accessed or used to tease out this history. The teachers’ surveys provide a unique insight into conditions for science teachers in the late 1950s. This material has not been accessed before and it provides a context upon which to superimpose the impact of the contributions of Wyndham, Messel, Robson and Menzies.
Ethel A. Stephens’ “at home”: art education for girls and women
Authors: Kummerfeld Rebecca
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the professional biography of Ethel A. Stephens, examining her career as an artist and a teacher in Sydney between 1890 and 1920. Accounts of (both male and female) artists in this period often dismiss their teaching as just a means to pay the bills. This paper focuses attention on Stephens’ teaching and considers how this, combined with her artistic practice, influenced her students.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using a fragmentary record of a successful female artist and teacher, this paper considers the role of art education and a career in the arts for respectable middle-class women.

Findings

– Stephens’ actions and experiences show the ways she negotiated between the public and private sphere. Close examination of her “at home” exhibitions demonstrates one way in which these worlds came together as sites, enabling her to identify as an artist, a teacher and as a respectable middle-class woman.

Originality/value

– This paper offers insight into the ways women negotiated the Sydney art scene and found opportunities for art education outside of the established modes.
A socio-technical perspective on social media adoption: a case from retail banking
Authors: Durkin Mark , Mulholland Gwyneth , McCartan Aodheen
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– While technology continues to make a dramatic and profound impact in service industries and radically shapes how services are delivered relatively little is understood about the impact of advancing technology on customers; their expectations, perceptions and behaviours. As banking enters an increasingly digitised world this study reports on the views of 667 e-banking customers with respect to the perceived potential of social media to add value in retail banking relationships. The purpose of this paper is to propose that in order to realise this opportunity requires the case bank to embrace the second-order level changes required within socio-technical theory (STT) in order that such value can be co-created between the relational parties.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using the lens of STT to interpret the findings drawn from the case bank’s e-banking customer base (n=5,500), it is argued that social media has the potential to fundamentally change customer-bank relationships and to add value to the way in which the parties interact with each other into the future. A survey methodology was adopted.

Findings

– The findings presented indicate a wide spectrum of customers actively using transactional e-banking solutions in the case bank. The findings showed that those in the 15-30 age group saw “real-time/up-to-date information” as the main gain of their bank being on Facebook while their older colleagues in the 31-60 age group had a desire for different returns (“competitions, events”). That the analysis showed that age was the only significant determinant of Facebook appropriateness for the case bank, and in the context of the age-related preferences outlined above, the issue of segmentation is strongly highlighted.

Originality/value

– This study contributes to the academic domain through a rare application of STT in a service context, offers implications for practice and highlights important areas for future research, inter alia; the role for new media in banking relationships, the impacts of new media on bank staff roles, where value now accrues in bank-customer communication, where social media fits in the promotional mix and relational strategies of banks and what are the issues emerging at the social-technical interface between both customers and staff and new technology and media.
How experiences with trading a company’s stock influence customer attitudes and purchasing behavior
Authors: Hoffmann Arvid O. I. , Ketteler Dana
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential spill-over effects from negative (and positive) experiences with trading a company’s stock on shareowner-customers’ emotions and subsequent customer attitudes and behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

– A conceptual framework that links selling a stock for a loss (or gain), emotions, and customer attitudes and behaviors is developed. The framework is tested with data from a sample of Dutch investors that is analyzed with structural equation modeling through the partial least squares method in SmartPLS.

Findings

– Selling a stock for a loss vs selling a stock for a gain have different effects on shareowner-customers’ attitudes and behavior toward the company. Losses induce negative emotions which in turn result in lower satisfaction and behavioral loyalty as well as in increased propensity to complain about the company. Investment gains, however, result in more positive emotions which then lead to increased preference of the company whose stocks were traded over its competitors and increased engagement in positive word-of-mouth (WOM).

Research limitations/implications

– The study is focussed on shareowner-customers’ experiences with stocks of companies active in the consumer industry. Future research could address whether the results generalize to other industries.

Practical implications

– The findings emphasize the importance of a close collaboration between the marketing and investor relation departments. Complaints of shareowner-customers should be taken seriously and incentives to stimulate repurchases as well as those that encourage positive WOM engagement are recommended.

Originality/value

– This is the first study to examine possible negative spill-over effects from experiences obtained during stock trading on shareowner-customers’ attitudes and behaviors toward the stock’s company.
The dynamics of low pay employment in Australia
Authors: Cai Lixin
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to enhance understanding low pay dynamics of Australian employees, with a focus on the determination of low pay duration.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study draws on a representative longitudinal survey of Australian households to provide empirical findings from both descriptive analysis and econometric modelling.

Findings

– The results show that workers who have entered low pay from higher pay also have a higher hazard rate of transitioning to higher pay; and those who have entered low pay from non-employment are more likely to return to non-employment. Union members, public sector jobs and working in medium to large size firms tend to increase the hazard rate of transitioning to higher pay, while immigrants from non-English speaking countries and workers with health problems have a lower hazard rate of moving into higher pay. There is some evidence that the longer a worker is on low pay, the less likely he or she is to transition to higher pay.

Originality/value

– This study addresses an information gap regarding the determination of low pay duration. The findings help identify workers who are at high risk of staying on low pay or transitioning into non-employment and are therefore informative for developing targeted policy to help the low paid maintain employment and/or move up the earnings ladder. The results also suggest that policy intervention should take place at an early stage of a low pay spell.
Crowd-deliberation as an organizational problem solving tool
Authors: Passig David , Cohen Nirit , Bareket-Bojmel Liad , Morgenstern Ofer
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to portray an example of how organizations can harness their employees’ insight. The procedure described here can complement traditional methods such as interviews, open forums, round tables and employee surveys, and can assist HR managers to acquire a unique look inside the company.

Design/methodology/approach

– The described procedure was facilitated at Intel Corporation and was about The Future of Work. 145 Intel employees took part in an online crowd-deliberation with a methodology called Real-Time Imen-Delphi (RTID). The methodology guided them to initiate 689 questions that were then organized into 258 mission statements, which were rated by importance, priority and feasibility.

Findings

– A main theme was identified to represent the collective notion with regards to The Future of Work. The participants leaned toward the fractal model for a preferred work environment. This model includes employees who will no longer have a single job description, but rather repeatedly sign up for tasks and projects based on their interests, capabilities, availability, aspirations and future beliefs regarding the path their organization needs to take in manufacturing, research and development.

Practical implications

– The result provides an example of how organizations can harness their employees’ wisdom to bring to the table cutting-edge ideas, debate their relevancy to the organization, agree collectively on their vision and generate applicable ideas toward realizing their preferred future.

Originality/value

– As social media tools evolve and become a central part in organizations, they will seek to involve employees in effective conversations and in decision-making processes. RTID is a solid way with which they can do this.
High involvement management practices as leadership enhancers
Authors: Doucet Olivier , Lapalme Marie-Ève , Simard Gilles , Tremblay Michel
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– Based on the high-involvement management model and the Substitutes for Leadership theory, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the moderating role of high-involvement management practices on the relation between managers’ transformational leadership and employees’ affective organizational commitment.

Design/methodology/approach

– Data were collected from employees of a large Canadian financial firm. Questionnaires were sent out and 219 received, representing a response rate of 63.3 percent. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regressions analysis with moderation effects.

Findings

– The results show three statistically significant interactions between transformational leadership and high-involvement management practices. More specifically, information sharing and power sharing practices acted as leadership enhancers, while skill development practices served as a leadership substitute.

Practical implications

– The results of this research could help immediate supervisors adjust their leadership strategies to their organizations’ HRM practices, and also guide top managers in choosing practices that can support these supervisors.

Originality/value

– This study contributes to the literature on leadership by considering how contextual factors may affect the influence of transformational leadership and by integrating HRM practices within the substitutes for leadership framework.
Receptive rationing: reflections and suggestions for priority setters in health care
Authors: Williams Iestyn
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to take forward consideration of context in health care priority setting and to offer some practical strategies for priority setters to increase receptiveness to their work.

Design/methodology/approach

– A number of tools and methods have been devised with the aim of making health care priority setting more robust and evidence based. However, in order to routinely take and implement priority setting decisions, decision makers require the support, or at least the acquiescence, of key external parties. In other words, the priority setting process requires a receptive context if it is to proceed unhindered.

Findings

– The priority setting process requires a receptive context if it is to proceed unhindered.

Originality/value

– This paper develops the concept of legitimacy in the “authorising environment” in priority setting and describes strategies which might help decision makers to create a receptive context, and to manage relationships with external stakeholders.
Context into text into context: marketing practice into theory; marketing theory into practice
Authors: Smith Terry , Williams Tom , Lowe Sid , Rod Michel , Hwang Ki-Soon
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamics of marketing practice and theory in arguing that much of the dislocation between strategy and practice is due to the inheritance and internalisation of often impractical but persistently dominant, tacit Cartesian assumptions.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper uses case methodology to examine the marketing theory into practice/marketing practice into theory conundrum and explores: their separation (marketing theory and marketing practice); their flows (context to text to context: theory into practice/practice into theory); their symbiosis (the praxis of marketing); and the dynamic and static (in situ/in aspic) nature of their duality. This work is an exploratory empirical study undertaken in what is a very under-researched area.

Findings

– In this paper, marketing theory and marketing practice are recognised as occupying different epistemes. The lifeworld of marketing theorising appears as characterised by a relatively homogenous and mostly cognitive world dominated by rationality and empirical rigour. By contrast, the embodied practitioner inhabits a more highly segmented, fragmented, heterogeneous and frequently improvised landscape.

Practical implications

– The authors propose that the all-consuming clamour for reliance and relevance of theory to practice dictates that the form, function and philosophy of marketing must be co-created in the practical pragmatism of praxis. Praxis is practice informed by theory and theory informed by practice, a cyclical process of experiential, contextual learning.

Originality/value

– The paper appears to be the first to bring together Cartesian thought and the practice-theory divide in B2B marketing theory.
Marketing’s contribution from the perspective of marketing executives
Authors: Tollin Karin , Schmidt Marcus
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact that chief marketing executives’ (CMEs) mindsets about important marketing capabilities have on company performance.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors propose a structural model for analysing specialised, cross-functional and dynamic capabilities at the functional level of marketing. The model is tested by using a quantitative survey among CMEs. Additionally the authors conducted a cluster analysis with the purpose of identifying differences in CMEs’ mindsets about important marketing capabilities and the impact of these differences on company performance.

Findings

– The study identified four categories of mindset about important capabilities. An investigation into the company performance profile of each mindset shows that integration and rejuvenation are central qualities of CMEs’ mindsets and important drivers for company performance. Hence, companies that have a CME who prioritises both brand management, product development and customer relationship management as well as a set of specialised and dynamic marketing capabilities will outperform companies that have a CME who focuses on only one area of cross-functional marketing capabilities.

Practical implications

– Top managers, including CMEs, can use the typology of mindsets to analyse and critically reflect on their own ideas about important marketing processes and capabilities, but also as a tool for initialising change processes in their business unit or particular function (general management or marketing).

Originality/value

– The study provides an original assessment of sets of marketing capabilities at the functional level of marketing, and of the link between dynamic and two cross-functional marketing capabilities (product development and customer relationship management).
As narrative capital: jazz tropics and the marketing imaginary
Authors: Brownlie Douglas
Published: September 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to discuss how discourse and figure nurture the narrative “capital” available to the community of marketing scholars through expanding its horizon of translational frames. It specifically discusses one such translational frame as presented within Holbrook’s (2015) discussion of jazz within a narrative of marketing management and how it enhances the understanding of marketing as a creative cultural force.

Design/methodology/approach

– Generalising from “jazz” to tropics, the commentary discusses three thematic reflective possibilities inspired by Holbrook’s article: content strategy; visual fluency and marketing creativity; and wider visions. This paper also examines how discussions about the wider public understanding of marketing can draw inspiration from the narrative framework suggested by Holbrook (2015) and his calculus of constructive ambiguity.

Findings

– As an area of study, tropics enriches the reflexive awareness of how the discipline of marketing is understood within academia and its various stakeholder communities.

Research limitations/implications

– The academic discipline of marketing needs to continuously reimagine itself and its relation to the changing social order in order to participate in dialogue with it.

Originality/value

– In particular, the commentary examines the jazz metaphor developed by Holbrook (2015) and suggests how this could affect the way that marketing presents itself within wider social contexts.
If At First You Don't Succeed: The Fate of Manuscripts Rejected by Academic Emergency Medicine
Authors: Grant William D. , Cone David C.
Published: September 2015

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to characterize the publication fate of a recent 2‐year sample of manuscripts declined by Academic Emergency Medicine (AEM), the journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of manuscripts submitted to AEM in 2010 and 2011 that were declined by the AEM editorial review process. An online search was conducted for each declined paper, to determine whether or not it was published in another clinical/scientific journal after being declined by AEM. The investigators used Scopus and Google Scholar, using the submitting author's name, the verbatim title, and key words and phrases from the title, to search for subsequent publication of each paper.

Results

Of 1,542 manuscript submissions to the journal in 2010 and 2011, 1,052 papers were declined. Of these, 693 (65.9%) were subsequently published elsewhere, in a total of 229 journals: 362 papers in 22 different EM journals, 81 in 14 EM subspecialty journals, 237 in 185 non‐EM journals, and 13 in eight nursing journals. Papers were published a median of 16.7 months (interquartile range [IQR] = 11.8 to 22.0 months) after being declined at AEM. Of the 229 journals, 19 do not have h‐indices. The median h‐index of the remaining 210 journals is 36 (IQR = 17 to 64; maximum = 229; AEM's h‐index is 78). Thirty of these 210 journals, publishing 43 papers, have higher h‐indices than AEM; the other 650 papers were published in journals either with lower h‐indices than AEM's (n = 180 journals) or in journals without h‐indices (n = 19 journals). U.S. and non‐U.S. authors had similar rates of subsequent publication (65.3% vs 66.6%, p = 0.69) for papers initially declined by AEM. Papers in the educational advances category were less likely to be subsequently published than those in the original contributions (p < 0.0001) and brief reports (p = 0.0137) categories.

Conclusions

Nearly two‐thirds of manuscripts declined by SAEM's journal are eventually published elsewhere, in a large number and wide variety of both EM and non‐EM journals, in a median of 16.7 months. Authors of manuscripts declined by AEM should consider submission elsewhere, as subsequent publication of these manuscripts in another journal is probable.
Post‐release monitoring of Antillean manatees: an assessment of the Brazilian rehabilitation and release programme
Authors: Normande I. C. , Malhado A. C. M. , Reid J. , Viana P. C. , Savaget P. V. S. , Correia R. A. , Luna F. O. , Ladle R. J.
Published: September 2015

Mammalian reintroduction programmes frequently aim to reconnect isolated sub‐populations and restore population viability. However, these long‐term objectives are rarely evaluated due to the inadequacy of post‐release monitoring. Here, we report the results of a unique long‐term telemetry‐based monitoring programme for rehabilitated Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus reintroduced into selected sites in north‐east Brazil with the aim of reconnecting isolated relict populations. Twenty‐one satellite‐tagged rehabilitated manatees, 13 males and 8 females, were released into the wild from two sites between November 2008 and June 2013. Individual accumulation curves were plotted and home ranges were calculated through the fixed kernel method using 95% of the utilization distribution. The number and size of the centres of activity (COAs) were calculated using 50% of the utilization distribution. Manatees displayed a dichotomous pattern of movement, with individuals either characterized by sedentary habits or by much more extensive movements. Moreover, home‐range size was not significantly influenced by gender, age at release or release site. COAs were strongly associated with sheltered conditions within reefs and estuaries, and also by the presence of freshwater and feeding sites. Our data confirm that manatee reintroductions in Brazil have the potential to reconnect distant sub‐populations. However, pre‐release identification of potential long‐distance migrants is currently unfeasible, and further analysis would be required to confirm genetic mixing of distant sub‐populations.
Reflectance confocal microscopy is a useful non‐invasive tool in the in vivo diagnosis of pigmented basal cell carcinoma in Asians
Authors: Chuah Sai Yee , Tee Shang Ian , Tan Wee Ping , Lee Siong See Joyce , Ng See Ket , Chua Sze Hon , Thng Tien Guan Steven
Published: September 2015

Background

The clinical differentiation between pigmented basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and other benign pigmented skin lesions can be challenging even with an additional dermoscopic evaluation, especially if the lesion is small. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is an emerging, non‐invasive imaging tool that allows near‐microscopic evaluation of skin lesions. The features of RCM for pigmented BCC and seborrhoeic keratosis have previously been described. However, the use of RCM to differentiate between these clinically and dermoscopically challenging pigmented skin lesions among Asians has not yet been demonstrated.

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of non‐invasive RCM to differentiate between clinically and dermoscopically challenging pigmented skin lesions among Asians in a series of 11 lesions.

Methods

Nine patients with 11 clinically and dermoscopically difficult to distinguish pigmented skin lesions were evaluated by RCM to differentiate between pigmented BCC and benign lesions. In all cases, a histological confirmation of the RCM diagnosis was obtained.

Results

The clinical or dermoscopical characteristics were non‐specific in all 10 cases. RCM detected features of pigmented BCC in nine patients and seborrhoeic keratosis in one patient. These were all confirmed by histological examination.

Conclusions

This case series shows the value of non‐invasive in vivo RCM imaging in the differentiation of malignant and benign pigmented lesions. Early diagnosis of small, pigmented BCC allows earlier excision with better prognosis. Future biopsies of benign lesions in cosmetic areas could also be avoided.
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: a review of prevalence, clinical features, diagnosis and prevention
Authors: Naing Zin W. , Scott Gillian M. , Shand Antonia , Hamilton Stuart T. , van Zuylen Wendy J. , Basha James , Hall Beverly , Craig Maria E. , Rawlinson William D.
Published: September 2015

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is under‐recognised, despite being the leading infectious cause of congenital malformation, affecting ~0.3% of Australian live births. Approximately 11% of infants born with congenital CMV infection are symptomatic, resulting in clinical manifestations, including jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, petechiae, microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction and death. Congenital CMV infection may cause severe long‐term sequelae, including progressive sensorineural hearing loss and developmental delay in 40–58% of symptomatic neonates, and ~14% of initially asymptomatic infected neonates. Up to 50% of maternal CMV infections have nonspecific clinical manifestations, and most remain undetected unless specific serological testing is undertaken. The combination of serology tests for CMV‐specific IgM, IgG and IgG avidity provide improved distinction between primary and secondary maternal infections. In pregnancies with confirmed primary maternal CMV infection, amniocentesis with CMV‐PCR performed on amniotic fluid, undertaken after 21–22 weeks gestation, may determine whether maternofetal virus transmission has occurred. Ultrasound and, to a lesser extent, magnetic resonance imaging are valuable tools to assess fetal structural and growth abnormalities, although the absence of fetal abnormalities does not exclude fetal damage. Diagnosis of congenital CMV infection at birth or in the first 3 weeks of an infant's life is crucial, as this should prompt interventions for prevention of delayed‐onset hearing loss and neurodevelopmental delay in affected infants. Prevention strategies should also target mothers because increased awareness and hygiene measures may reduce maternal infection. Recognition of the importance of CMV in pregnancy and in neonates is increasingly needed, particularly as therapeutic and preventive interventions expand for this serious problem.
Medical Research Participation as Citizenship: Modeling Modern Masculinity and Marriage in a Mexican Sexual Health Study
Authors: Wentzell Emily
Published: September 2015

In this article, I discuss people's use of medical research participation to perform and model modernity amid societal insecurity. I analyze data from interviews with heterosexual Mexican couples undertaken throughout men's multiyear participation in a human papillomavirus (HPV) study. I argue that through activities like willingly undergoing genital examination and involving wives in husbands’ clinical visits, spouses used the study as a forum for performing ideals of modern gender and health, specifically companionate marriage and non‐macho masculinities emphasizing male self‐care. They also hoped to serve as role models for their children and for society at large. I discuss how specific elements of the Mexican context made fomenting social change through individual research participation seem possible: cultural narratives of the Mexican populace as a bioculturally homogenous whole; longstanding state efforts to modernize the population away from “traditional” gender and health practices; and ongoing failures of the “slippery State” to reliably provide the resources those practices required. In this context, participants framed themselves as a middle‐class vanguard and experienced sexual health research as an act of citizenship through which they hoped to spur national progress despite state failures and the persistence of antimodern gender and health attitudes. [medical research, modernity, Mexico, gender, health]
Neocolonial Urbanism? La Rénovation Urbaine in Paris
Authors: Kipfer Stefan
Published: September 2015

This paper analyses the programme of redeveloping housing estates in France overseen by the Agence Nationale de la Rénovation Urbaine (ANRU). Under this programme social housing reconstruction is undertaken in a nationally coordinated fashion in order to “valorize”, “secure” and socially “mix” estates. The paper highlights the political and neo‐colonial aspects of this programme and the wider state spatial strategies it is part of. Redevelopment projects not only further gentrifying land‐rent valorization, state rescaling and territorially stigmatizing symbolic violence; they also reorganize territorial relations of domination in multiple, also racialized, neo‐colonial and partly hegemonic ways. In a longer view, they respond to the “urban revolution” of 1968 (Garnier) and to the “anti‐colonial revolution” of independence and anti‐racist movements (Khiari). The paper builds on a framework that articulates marxist (Lefebvrean) and anti‐colonial (Fanonian) lineages while drawing on research on the neo‐colonial aspects of the French state.
Beating the odds: efficacy and toxicity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase‐driven adaptive dosing of 5‐FU in patients with digestive cancer
Authors: Launay Manon , Dahan Laetitia , Duval Manon , Rodallec Anne , Milano Gérard , Duluc Muriel , Lacarelle Bruno , Ciccolini Joseph , Seitz Jean‐Francois
Published: September 2015

Aims

5‐FU is the backbone of most regimens in digestive oncology. Administration of standard 5‐FU leads to 15–30% of severe side effects, and lethal toxicities are regularly reported with fluoropyrimidine drugs. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency is a pharmacogenetic syndrome responsible for most cases of life‐threatening toxicities upon 5‐FU intake, and pre‐treatment checking for DPD status should help to reduce both incidence and severity of side effects through adaptive dosing strategies.

Methods

We have used a simple method for rapidly establishing the DPD phenotype of patients with cancer and used it prospectively in 59 routine patients treated with 5‐FU‐based therapy for digestive cancers. No patient with total DPD deficiency was found but 23% of patients exhibited poor metabolizer phenotype, and one patient was phenotyped as profoundly deficient. Consequently, 5‐FU doses in poor metabolizer patients were cut by an average 35% as compared with non deficient patients (2390 ± 1225 mg vs. 3653 ± 1371 mg, P < 0.003, t‐test).

Results

Despite this marked reduction in 5‐FU dosing, similar efficacy was achieved in the two subsets (clinical benefit: 40 vs. 43%, stable disease: 40 vs. 37%, progressive disease: 20% in both subsets, P = 0.893, Pearson's chi‐square). No difference in toxicities was observed (P = 0.104, Fisher's exact test). Overall, only 3% of early severe toxicities were recorded, a value markedly lower than the 15‐30% ones usually reported with 5‐FU.

Conclusions

This feasibility study shows how simplified DPD‐based adaptive dosing of 5‐FU can reduce sharply the incidence of treatment‐related severe toxicities while maintaining efficacy as part of routine clinical practice in digestive oncology.
Using mobile devices for learning in clinical settings: A mixed‐methods study of medical student, physician and patient perspectives
Authors: Scott Karen M. , Nerminathan Arany , Alexander Shirley , Phelps Megan , Harrison Amanda
Published: September 2015

This study was conducted with medical students, physicians, patients and carers in a paediatric and an adult hospital to determine use of mobile devices for learning, and beliefs and attitudes about others' use. Awareness of ethical, patient privacy and data security concerns was explored. The research was conducted using a mixed‐methods sequential explanatory design through survey and focus groups for students and physicians, and a separate survey for patients and carers. Each arm of the study was analysed individually, followed by integration of quantitative and qualitative data, which are the subject of this paper. Interpretation of the integrated student and physician quantitative data highlighted that both groups used mobile devices for information verification, organisation and communication, and these represented the best uses of mobile devices; the worst aspects of mobile devices involved Internet access difficulties. Interpretation of the integrated student and physician qualitative data highlighted that students and physicians made individual decisions about their use of mobile devices, despite some existing policies. Integration of all data from all arms of the study identified the benefits of using mobile devices and concerns about distraction. For many students and physicians, the benefits of using mobile devices for learning at the patient bedside outweigh the possible risks. As society grapples with norms governing appropriate use of mobile devices, many are devising their own rules to aid learning in clinical settings.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Cholesteryl Peptides with Anticancer and Multidrug Resistance‐Reversing Activities
Authors: Deng Xin , Qiu Qianqian , Wang Xuekun , Huang Wenlong , Qian Hai
Published: September 2015

Antimicrobial peptides have been suggested as promising chemotherapeutics for cancer therapy due to their efficient antitumor activity and lower toxicity to benign cells. In previous study, we find the peptide B1 presents specific cytotoxicity to cancer cells. As hydrophobicity plays a pivotal role in the anticancer activity of peptide, we introduce cholesterol‐like moiety (3β‐amino‐5‐cholestene) to the N‐terminus of B1 expect to ameliorate the anticancer activity of B1. Biological evaluations revealed that target peptides show improved anticancer activity. The peptides can also penetrate into the cytoplasm and activating mitochondria–cytochrome c apoptosis pathway. Besides, the peptides acted on multidrug‐resistant cells and had multidrug resistance‐reversing activity. It is therefore suggested these peptides might be promising candidates for oncotherapy.
Sacral neuromodulation for persistent faecal incontinence after laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for high‐grade internal rectal prolapse
Authors: Mishra A. , Prapasrivorakul S. , Gosselink M. P. , Gorissen K. J. , Hompes R. , Jones O. , Cunningham C. , Matzel K. E. , Lindsey I.
Published: September 2015

Aim

Internal rectal prolapse is recognized as an aetiological factor in faecal incontinence. Patients found to have a high‐grade internal rectal prolapse on routine proctography are offered a laparoscopic ventral rectopexy after failed maximum medical therapy. Despite adequate anatomical repair, faecal incontinence persists in a number of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of sacral neuromodulation in this group of patients.

Method

Between August 2009 and January 2012, 52 patients who underwent a laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for faecal incontinence associated with high‐grade internal rectal prolapse had persistent symptoms of faecal incontinence and were offered sacral neuromodulation. Symptoms were evaluated before and after the procedure using the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index (FISI) and the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI).

Results

Temporary test stimulation was successful in 47 (94%) of the patients who then underwent implantation of a permanent pulse generator. The median FISI score 1 year after sacral neuromodulation was lower than the median score before [34 (28–59) vs 19 (0–49); P < 0.01], indicating a significant improvement in faecal continence. Quality of life (GIQLI) was significantly better after starting sacral neuromodulation [78 (31–107) vs 96 (55–129); P < 0.01].

Conclusion

Patients may benefit from sacral neuromodulation for persisting faecal incontinence after laparoscopic ventral rectopexy.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of drug–drug interaction between dabigatran and proton pump inhibitors
Authors: Ollier Edouard , Hodin Sophie , Basset Thierry , Accassat Sandrine , Bertoletti Laurent , Mismetti Patrick , Delavenne Xavier
Published: September 2015

To quantify the drug–drug interactions between dabigatran etexilate (DE) and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and in particular the role of P‐gp activity modulation. In the first part of the study, efflux ratios of DE were evaluated using the caco‐2 cell line in the presence of pantoprazole, omeprazole, rabeprazole, lansoprazole and ciclosporin A (positive control). The two PPI that reduced the efflux ratio of dabigatran to the greatest and least extent, respectively, were used during the second part of the study, comprising a single‐centre, randomised, open‐label study with an incomplete Latin square design. Nine healthy volunteers received DE (150 mg) alone, DE (150 mg) with the first PPI and DE (150 mg) with the second PPI in randomised sequence. Dabigatran plasma concentration and thrombin time were measured in blood samples withdrawn at 11 time points after each treatment. Models were built using a nonlinear mixed‐effect modelling approach. Omeprazole and rabeprazole were the two PPI that reduced the efflux ratio of DE least and most, respectively. The PK model was based on an inverse Gaussian absorption process with one compartment. The relationship between dabigatran concentration and thrombin time was considered linear. Some PK profiles had dramatically low concentration values due to poor absorption. These profiles were clustered using a between subject model mixture with interoccasion variability. The concomitant administration of PPI did not significantly change dabigatran pharmacokinetics. DE is subject to high absorption variability, precluding evaluation of the effect of PPI on its pharmacokinetics.
Modelling the oceanic habitats of two pelagic species using recreational fisheries data
Authors: Brodie Stephanie , Hobday Alistair J. , Smith James A. , Everett Jason D. , Taylor Matt D. , Gray Charles A. , Suthers Iain M.
Published: September 2015

Defining the oceanic habitats of migratory marine species is important for both single species and ecosystem‐based fisheries management, particularly when the distribution of these habitats vary temporally. This can be achieved using species distribution models that include physical environmental predictors. In the present study, species distribution models that describe the seasonal habitats of two pelagic fish (dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus and yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi), are developed using 19 yr of presence‐only data from a recreational angler‐based catch‐and‐release fishing programme. A Poisson point process model within a generalized additive modelling framework was used to determine the species distributions off the east coast of Australia as a function of several oceanographic covariates. This modelling framework uses presence‐only data to determine the intensity of fish (fish km−2), rather than a probability of fish presence. Sea surface temperature (SST), sea level anomaly, SST frontal index and eddy kinetic energy were significant environmental predictors for both dolphinfish and kingfish distributions. Models for both species indicate a greater fish intensity off the east Australian coast during summer and autumn in response to the regional oceanography, namely shelf incursions by the East Australian Current. This study provides a framework for using presence‐only recreational fisheries data to create species distribution models that can contribute to the future dynamic spatial management of pelagic fisheries.
Impacts of invasive plants on resident animals across ecosystems, taxa, and feeding types: a global assessment
Authors: Schirmel Jens , Bundschuh Mirco , Entling Martin H. , Kowarik Ingo , Buchholz Sascha
Published: September 2015

As drivers of global change, biological invasions have fundamental ecological consequences. However, it remains unclear how invasive plant effects on resident animals vary across ecosystems, animal classes, and functional groups. We performed a comprehensive meta‐analysis covering 198 field and laboratory studies reporting a total of 3624 observations of invasive plant effects on animals. Invasive plants had reducing (56%) or neutral (44%) effects on animal abundance, diversity, fitness, and ecosystem function across different ecosystems, animal classes, and feeding types while we could not find any increasing effect. Most importantly, we found that invasive plants reduced overall animal abundance, diversity and fitness. However, this significant overall effect was contingent on ecosystems, taxa, and feeding types of animals. Decreasing effects of invasive plants were most evident in riparian ecosystems, possibly because frequent disturbance facilitates more intense plant invasions compared to other ecosystem types. In accordance with their immediate reliance on plants for food, invasive plant effects were strongest on herbivores. Regarding taxonomic groups, birds and insects were most strongly affected. In insects, this may be explained by their high frequency of herbivory, while birds demonstrate that invasive plant effects can also cascade up to secondary consumers. Since data on impacts of invasive plants are rather limited for many animal groups in most ecosystems, we argue for overcoming gaps in knowledge and for a more differentiated discussion on effects of invasive plant on native fauna.
The Impact of the German Child Benefit on Household Expenditures and Consumption
Authors: Raschke Christian
Published: September 2015

The German Child Benefit (‘Kindergeld’) is paid to legal guardians of children as a cash benefit. The benefit does not depend on household income or other household characteristics. I use exogenous variations in the amount of child benefit received by households in the German Socio-Economic Panel to estimate the impact of a given change in the child benefit on food expenditures of households, the probability of owning a home, rent per square meter, measures of the size of the home, as well as parents’ smoking behavior and parents’ alcohol consumption. Households primarily increase per capita food expenditures in response to increases in child benefit, and they also improve housing conditions. The effect of child benefit on per capita food expenditures is larger for low-income households compared to high-income households. I do not find a significant effect of child benefit on parents’ smoking or drinking.