bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing bus charging infrastructure by incorporating private car charging demands and uncertain solar photovoltaic generation
Authors: Ma Xiaolei , Ma Wenxin , Tao Yanmeng , Gao Kun , Liu Xiaohan
Published: February 2025

Integrating solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage (BES) into bus charging infrastructure offers a feasible solution to the challenge of carbon emissions and grid burdens. The deployment costs and uncertain power outputs of solar PV and BES need to be considered by public transportation agencies. This study presents a data-driven approach to optimize bus charging infrastructure and incorporates sharing charging and uncertain solar PV generation using the Latin Hypercube Sampling method. A case study in Yinchuan, China, reveals that integrating solar PV and BES at a single bus depot reduces total costs by 37.35%, carbon emissions by 41.46%, and grid loads by 49.35% over the 10-year lifetime of BES. Sharing this infrastructure with private cars offers further economic benefits. Global analysis shows this approach’s varying economic and environmental advantages. The proposed model offers practical implications for developing cost-effective and environmentally friendly electric bus charging infrastructure to advance sustainable transport.
Current and future state of evaluation of large language models for medical summarization tasks
Authors: Croxford Emma , Gao Yanjun , Pellegrino Nicholas , Wong Karen , Wills Graham , First Elliot , Liao Frank , Goswami Cherodeep , Patterson Brian , Afshar Majid
Published: February 2025

Large Language Models have expanded the potential for clinical Natural Language Generation (NLG), presenting new opportunities to manage the vast amounts of medical text. However, their use in such high-stakes environments necessitate robust evaluation workflows. In this review, we investigated the current landscape of evaluation metrics for NLG in healthcare and proposed a future direction to address the resource constraints of expert human evaluation while balancing alignment with human judgments.
A non-enzymatic highly stable electrochemical sensing platform based on allylamine capped copper nanoparticles for the detection of the soil nitrate content
Authors: Mukherjee Bimalendu , Mandal Mukti , Suresh Raghavv Raghavender , Kar Shantanu , Parida Binaya Kumar , Chakraborty Somsubhra , Dutta Gorachand
Published: February 2025

We report a highly efficient and stable electrochemical sensor for quantitative determination of nitrate ions from soil using allylamine capped CuNPs decorated on an exfoliated CNT modified sensor surface that shows excellent storage stability.
An electrochemical biosensor utilizing CRISPR/Cas12a amplification for the detection of E. coli
Authors: Li Chenyan , Liang Yilan , Feng Qincong
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical biosensors are frequently employed to identify harmful microbes and disease indicators.
Interface Phenomena and Emerging Functionalities in Ferroelectric Oxide Based Heterostructures
Authors: Hao Yifei , Li Tianlin , Hong Xia
Published: February 2025

Leveraging the nonvolatile, nanoscale controllable polarization, ferroelectric perovskite oxides can be integrated with various functional materials for designing emergent phenomena enabled by interfacial coupling meditated by charge, lattice, and polar...
Higher dietary intake of live microbes is inversely associated with accelerated biological aging
Authors: Gan Da , Wang Xiaoyan , Wu Xuebiao , Han Shuang
Published: February 2025

It remains unclear whether dietary live microbe intake is associated with biological aging.
Genistein alleviates rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting fibroblast-like synovial exosome secretion regulated by the Rab27/nSMase2/Mfge8 pathway
Authors: Liu JiaJia , Shi Jinyang , Niu Sijia , Liu Ziyan , Cui XinHua , Song Yuli , Tang Xudong , Fan Junwen , Xu Hongyue , Yu Wanlu , Zhu Mingmei , Lu Baochun , Liao Ning , Peng Danping , Wang Yang , Yu Lu
Published: February 2025

The therapeutic potential of genistein (GEN) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly with regard to its role in exosome secretion and the inflammatory microenvironment through the Rab27/Mfge8/nSMase2 pathway.
A phosphomolybdenum blue nano-photothermal agent with dual peak absorption and biodegradable properties based on ssDNA in near-infrared photothermal therapy for breast cancer
Authors: Fang Baoru , Geng Siqi , Wang Ke , Wang Fang , Zhou Yiqing , Qin Jiaying , Luo Shengnan , Chen Yanping , Yu Zhangsen
Published: February 2025

Phosphomolybdenum blue (PMB) was synthesized based on the interaction between ammonium molybdate and ssDNA phosphate ions using a one-pot hydrothermal method. PMB has excellent photothermal therapeutic effects on cancers in the NIR-II region.
Functionalized 1,3-dipyrrolyl-1,3-diketone difluoroboron complexes
Authors: Shenoy Ankitha M. , Fernandes Premie P. , Lakshmi Vellanki
Published: February 2025

Mono-functionalized DPDB complexes were developed as primary building blocks and their structure–property relationship was studied.
Understanding the catalytic properties for synthesizing NOx derivative NH3 by an alternate gas-switching process
Authors: Wakabayashi Ryutaro , Zhang Yuxiao , Tomita Atsuko , Kimura Tatsuo
Published: February 2025

A BaO/Pt@mCeO2-type nanocomposite catalyst was prepared for the selective synthesis of NH3, which gave us an opportunity to understand the overall catalytic properties during an alternate gas-switching NOx storage and reduction process.
Analyzing experimental UV–vis spectra of conjugated molecules in solution: Pekarian function fit
Authors: Larina Nina , Khodorkovsky Vladimir
Published: February 2025

We present a modified version of the Pekarian function (PF) suitable for fitting of UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectra.
Conformal chemical vapor deposition of B4C thin films onto carbon nanotubes
Authors: Choolakkal Arun Haridas , Persson Ingemar , Etula Jarkko , Salmi Emma , Juntunen Taneli , Persson Per O. Å. , Birch Jens , Pedersen Henrik
Published: February 2025

We use a newly developed conformal CVD process to uniformly coat CNTs in a membrane structure with boron carbide. We show that the CVD process preserves the structure of the CNTs and merely adds a layer of B4C to their outer surface.
UV/visible light-promoted external photocatalyst-free transformations: A Decade's Journey of N-heterocycles and their functionalisation
Authors: Ghara Sudipta , Barik Paritosh , Ghosh Shouvik , Ghosh Sandip , Mandal Arabinda , Pramanik Chandana , Ikbal Mohammed , Dhara Shubhendu , Samanta Shubhankar
Published: February 2025

We have provided a comprehensive analysis of the construction of N-containing heterocyclic compounds and their functionalization without the use of external photocatalysts, under UV/visible-light exposure in different conditions.
Preparation and structural optimization of vanadium oxide nanotubes as cathode materials for PIBs with improved performance
Authors: Xie Yuan , Wen Jia , Huang Junyuan , Jiang Rong , Dai Longjun , Ren Yang , Liu Zhu , Zhou Xiaowei
Published: February 2025

VOx-NT was synthesized via a soft template technique under hydrothermal conditions. K-VOx-NT obtained through K+ exchange exhibited better K+ storage properties.
The value of enhanced geothermal systems for the energy transition in California
Authors: Aljubran Mohammad J. , Saad Dimitri M. , Sodwatana Mo , Brandt Adam R. , Horne Roland N.
Published: February 2025

We forecasted 82 GW of total geothermal capacity by 2045, reducing system capacity and costs by 40% and 8.6%, respectively.
High-throughput screening of Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites with layer-dependent mechanical and thermal properties using DFT calculations
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhou Hui , Zhao Juanli , Lai Mengling , Liu Yuchen , Li Qian , Li Wenxian , Li Yiran
Published: February 2025

Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites have recently shown great promise in photovoltaics, thermoelectrics, catalysis and other energy applications owing to their diverse structures and intriguing properties.
Synergistic surface charge channel and oxygen vacancy engineering in Sillén–Aurivillius Bi7Fe2Ti2O17Cl oxyhalides using in situ Ag clusters for boosting photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhang Yunxiang , Mu Zhichao , Zhou Chenliang , Abdelsalam Hazem , Zhou Xingmeng , Shi Lin , Chen Zhili , Liang Yiran , Wang Zhongjie , Zhang Qinfang
Published: February 2025

Silver (Ag)-cluster-decorated novel Sillén–Aurivillius oxyhalides (Bi7Fe2Ti2O17Cl) with abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs) were successfully synthesized to achieve efficient light absorption and interfacial charge separation.
Dynamically reconfigurable artificial synapse transistors with organic heterojunctions for multifunctional neuromorphic applications
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Minghao , Xu Chaoyou , Guo Fengxu , Wang Yiran , Su Jie , Xu Ting
Published: February 2025

Artificial synapses capable of neuromorphic computation are crucial for improving the processing efficiency of existing information technologies.
Effect of seawater acidification on energy metabolism in the hydrocoral Millepora alcicornis: inhibition of citrate synthase activity indicates disruption in aerobic pathways
Authors: Jesulich Andrea Carlina , Lauer Mariana Machado , Marangoni Laura Fernandes de Barros , Marques Joseane Aparecida , Zebral Yuri Dornelles , Pereira Cristiano Macedo , Duarte Gustavo Adolpho Santos , Pires Débora de Oliveira , Castro Clovis Barreira e , Calderon Emiliano Nicolas , Bianchini Adalto
Published: February 2025

Citrate synthase, a key enzyme involved in energy production, was inhibited after the hydrocoral Millepora alcicornis was exposed to seawater acidification for 30 days in a marine mesocosm system.
Er3+-sensitized upconversion emission of Tm3+via Yb3+-mediated energy migration for nanothermometry
Authors: Liu Rui , Cheng Yao , Lin Hang , Xu Ju , Wang Yuan-sheng
Published: February 2025

A ratiometric luminescent nanothermometer with high sensitivity is developed with Er3+-sensitized upconversion emission of Tm3+via Yb3+-mediated energy migration.
Microscopy methods for the in vivo study of nanoscale nuclear organization
Authors: Lokesh Nidhi Rani , Pownall Mark E.
Published: February 2025

Eukaryotic genomes are highly compacted within the nucleus and organized into complex 3D structures across various genomic and physical scales. Organization within the nucleus plays a key role in gene regulation, both facilitating regulatory interactions to promote transcription while also enabling the silencing of other genes. Despite the functional importance of genome organization in determining cell identity and function, investigating nuclear organization across this wide range of physical scales has been challenging. Microscopy provides the opportunity for direct visualization of nuclear structures and has pioneered key discoveries in this field. Nonetheless, visualization of nanoscale structures within the nucleus, such as nucleosomes and chromatin loops, requires super-resolution imaging to go beyond the ~220 nm diffraction limit. Here, we review recent advances in imaging technology and their promise to uncover new insights into the organization of the nucleus at the nanoscale. We discuss different imaging modalities and how they have been applied to the nucleus, with a focus on super-resolution light microscopy and its application to in vivo systems. Finally, we conclude with our perspective on how continued technical innovations in super-resolution imaging in the nucleus will advance our understanding of genome structure and function.
An Examination of an Online, Asynchronous Social Justice Program With Undergraduate Communication Sciences and Disorders Students
Authors: Bellon-Harn Monica L. , Morris Lekeitha R.
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

The study aimed to determine whether an online asynchronous program can positively influence undergraduate communication sciences and disorders students' attitudes, beliefs, and actions toward advancing social justice.

Method:

The study employed a mixed-method design. Participants included 18 undergraduate students from two state universities and one private university, with 14 completing the program. Participants completed the program over 12 weeks via the CANVAS platform. Quantitative data were collected using the Social Justice Scale (SJS), which assesses attitudes, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and intentions to act toward social justice. Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-ranks tests were used to analyze pre- and postprogram SJS scores. Qualitative data were gathered from students' responses to discussion prompts within the program, and thematic analysis was conducted to identify emerging views of social justice.

Results:

A significant difference with a large effect size was observed for the Subjective Norms subscale. Item analysis indicated a significant difference in one of four subscale items (i.e., “Other people around me are engaged in activities that address social injustices”). Qualitative analysis revealed three themes: (a) importance of social identity, equity, justice; (b) spark of action; and (c) we are all in it together.

Conclusions:

The Social Justice program shows promise in enhancing students' recognition of how professionals in their environment play a role in social justice activity and in sparking a commitment to action among some participants. However, program modifications are needed to increase students' action orientation to social justice.
Decentralized management of unbalanced multi‐agent distribution systems: A transactive approach leveraging ADMM framework
Authors: Fattaheian‐Dehkordi Sajjad , Aghaei Jamshid , Amjady Nima
Published: February 2025

The emergence of multi‐agent systems and significant integration of distributed energy sources (DESs) are transforming distribution networks. This necessitates a decentralized management strategy for unbalanced operation in multi‐agent distribution systems (MADSs) due to the autonomous nature and potential for unbalanced injection of single‐phase DESs. Accordingly, this paper proposes a novel approach for decentralized management of unbalanced operation in MADSs. The approach leverages a customized alternating direction method of multipliers to facilitate decentralized decision‐making, while incorporating transactive energy signals aligned with the alternating direction method of multiplier framework to enable independent agent operation. In this scheme, independent agents would optimize their operating costs considering the announced transactive signals, which model the power prices and power loss in the grid. The decentralized structure enables agents to apply stochastic and condition value at risk methods to address the uncertainty and associated risk in scheduling resources. Furthermore, without violating the privacy concerns of agents, the developed transactive‐based scheme facilitates minimizing the asymmetrical condition, caused by the unbalanced integration of DESs, in the power request at the connection point of MADSs and transmission networks. Finally, the proposed methodology is simulated on 37‐bus and 123‐bus test‐systems to study its effectiveness in managing the MADSs with unbalanced integration of DESs.
Accelerating the transition from coal to renewables in Indonesia to achieve a net‐zero energy system
Authors: Gulagi Ashish , Oyewo Ayobami Solomon , Bogdanov Dmitrii , Simamora Pamela , Tampubolon Agus , Pujantoro Mentari , Godron Philip , Tumiwa Fabby , Breyer Christian
Published: February 2025

Historically heavily reliant on coal, Indonesia is at a crucial juncture to accelerate its transition to renewable energy in order to meet its net‐zero goals. However, most transition pathways generally do not focus on the fast transition from fossil fuels to achieve carbon neutrality. This study compares the techno‐economic feasibility of three distinctive energy transition pathways. The net‐zero pathway, with an accelerated transition from coal to renewable energy, leads to a 42% reduction in annualised energy system cost and achieves carbon neutrality by 2050, compared to a pathway dependent on continued coal investments. This is enabled by the cost competitiveness of solar photovoltaics‐based electrification of the energy system, supported by batteries, transmission grid expansion across the main islands, and various power‐to‐X routes for flexibility. Furthermore, Indonesia should carefully consider the environmental impact of large‐scale palm oil cultivation and biofuel expansion. We find that the land efficiency of solar photovoltaics‐based e‐fuel production is much higher than cultivating oil palm for biofuel synthesis. Thus, a fast transition towards a net‐zero energy system will bring various direct and indirect benefits to Indonesia.
The evolution of extragalactic peaked-spectrum sources down to 54 megahertz
Authors: Zhai Sai , Gloudemans Anniek J. , Gürkan Gülay , Ballieux Femke J. , Hardcastle Martin J. , De Gasperin Francesco , Röttgering Huub J. A.
Published: February 2025

Peaked-spectrum sources, known for their distinct peaked radio spectra, are a type of radio-loud active galactic nuclei. One subtype, megahertz-peaked-spectrum (MPS) sources, which exhibit a spectral peak at a frequency of a hundred megahertz, have emerged as a potential tool for identifying high-redshift candidates. However, the potential evolutionary link between the fraction of these sources and their redshifts remains unclear and requires further investigation. The recent, high-sensitivity Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) surveys enable statistical studies of these objects down to ultra-low frequencies (< 150 MHz). In this study we first used the multi-radio data to investigate the evolution of spectral index with redshift for 1187 quasars from the 16th SDSS quasar catalog. For each quasar, we analyzed available data from the LOFAR Low Band Antenna at 54 MHz, the High Band Antenna at 144 MHz, and the Very Large Array Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty centimeters at 1.4 GHz. We measured the spectral index (α54144 and α1441400) and find no significant change in their median values with redshift. Extended sources have steeper spectral indices than compact sources, which is consistent with previous findings. Based on the spectral index information, we identified MPS sources using the criteria α54144 > = 0.1 and α1441400 < 0, and analyzed their properties. We find that the fraction of MPS sources is constant with the redshift (0.1 − 4.8), bolometric luminosity (1044 − 1048 erg/s), and supermassive black hole mass (107 − 1010.5 M⊙), which suggests that MPS sources have relatively stable physical conditions or formation mechanisms across various evolutionary stages and environments.
A fault tolerant control for iced aircraft based on fixed-time incremental dynamic inversion with FTESO
Authors: JIANG Feihong , LIU Xiaoxiong , LIU Zhenbao , LI Yu , CHEN Jiaxin
Published: February 2025

Icing seriously affects the aerodynamic coefficients and flight performance of an aircraft. To address this problem, in this paper a fixed-time incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion(INDI) control method based on a fixed-time dilated state observer(FTESO) is proposed, and a flight controller for a certain type of transport aircraft is designed based on this method, which is used to enhance the flight control capability under icing conditions, and thus improve the flight safety. In this designed controller, the FTESO is used to estimate the disturbance in the angular acceleration signal, which solves the problem that the robustness of the existing INDI control depends on the accuracy of the angular acceleration. Moreover, the control method can ensure that the aircraft state errors converge to a stable region in a fixed time, and the convergence time does not depend on initial errors. Simulation results show that the designed controller is able to overcome the effect of icing on the aircraft and ensure that the aircraft achieves the desired flight performance even in angular acceleration disturbances.
Underwater acoustic target recognition under working conditions mismatch
Authors: WANG Haitao , JIN Anqi , YANG Shuang , ZENG Xiangyang
Published: February 2025

The working conditions of the ship will have a great impact on the radiated noise of the ship. Even if the same ship is traveling in the same sea area, different working conditions will produce different radiated noise, thus affecting the accuracy of target recognition. Especially in the case of working condition mismatch, the correct rate of the recognition results will be greatly reduced. To address this problem, an intelligent underwater acoustic target recognition method based on knowledge distillation is proposed to improve the recognition accuracy. Auditory features are used as inputs to the system, and knowledge distillation is utilized to learn the intrinsic connection of target features under different working conditions. The teacher network, trained from a large amount of existing working condition data, is used to assist the student network (trained from a small amount of working condition data) to solve the working condition mismatch problem under different conditions. Tests were conducted using ship radiated noise datasets under four working conditions. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the other methods in all kinds of working condition mismatch problems, which demonstrates its intelligence and practicality in engineering problems.
Research on civil aircraft cockpit display interface availability considering multidimensional indicators clustering and reduction
Authors: CHEN Dengkai , XIAO Yao , XIAO Jianghao , ZHOU Yao , YANG Cong
Published: February 2025

The availability of civil aircraft cockpit display interface is related to pilot's satisfaction as well as flight safety and efficiency, but current indicator system in this field lacks target-oriented focus. Firstly, in this paper, the flight mission, pilots' senses, pilots' cognition, and flight interaction dimensions are obtained by executive process interactive control model(EPIC), and extracted usability indicators from these dimensions. Secondly, to tackle the problem of filtering multidimensional indicator datasets supported by small samples, an indicator clustering reduction algorithm is proposed based on hierarchical clustering-rough set information entropy(HC-CEBARKNC) which compared to K-means clustering and genetic algorithm. Finally, the support vector machine(SVM) classification model was employed to verify performance and reliability of both algorithms. The experimental result shows the HC-CEBARKNC algorithm proposed has better evaluation accuracy that contribute to practical indicators reduction and decision rules screening.
Design of high torque density motors for quadruped robot hip joints
Authors: YANG Heming , LIANG Bo , DOU Manfeng , DANG Mengxi , HUA Zhiguang
Published: February 2025

In response to the high torque density performance requirements for the hip joints of quadruped robots, an analytical design method for permanent magnet synchronous motors with the goal of increasing motor torque density is proposed in this study. A high torque density motor for quadruped robot hip joints is designed using this method. Finite element simulation is employed to model the motor, and a proof-of-concept prototype is designed based on the proposed analytical design method. Simulation and experimental data indicate that the designed motor's torque density meets the practical application requirements for quadruped robot hip joints, validating the accuracy and effectiveness of the analytical design method presented in this study.
Modeling and vulnerability analysis of military communication network based on complex network
Authors: GUO Haoming , WANG Shuangling , YAN Xuefeng , ZHANG Kecheng
Published: February 2025

Aiming at the complexity of military communication system and the characteristics of network structure, based on the complex network theory, the relay communication entity (node) is introduced, and the communication relationship between equipment entities is analyzed, the military communication network structure model is constructed. On this basis, the vulnerability of military communication network is analyzed from two perspectives: the network probability reconstruction model and the cascading failure propagation model based on node attributes. In addition, the evaluation index of military communication network vulnerability is given. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model method is verified by simulation experiments, which provides a theoretical basis for the analysis and construction of military communication network.
AADL architecture model construction based on FACE mode
Authors: LYU Guangzhe , YU Chunhai , KANG Kai , MA Chunyan , LIN Wei
Published: February 2025

In the development of time-sensitive, mission-critical aerospace software systems, the modeling technology that combines the FACE(future airborne capability environment) open architecture model with the AADL(architecture analysis & design language) architectural model is gradually becoming a research hot spot. This paper proposes an automatic construction method for AADL models based on the FACE model. Firstly, the formal definition of the syntactic structure of the FACE model is given using context-independent grammar. Secondly, the 26 kinds of mapping rules from FACE model elements to AADL model elements are designed, and the rationality of the mapping rules is proved by the graph homomorphism theory. Then, the StringTemplate template is designed based on the mapping rules, and the template engine algorithm for generating AADL model is given. Finally, a total of 12 kinds of FACE models elements in four aspects are taken as experimental objects, 241 FACE model instances are designed as test cases, and the generated AADL models are verified in the OSATE tool. The method in this paper has been applied in the aviation field. The results can avoid repeated modeling work in the preliminary design stage and the detailed design stage.
Herausforderung Rehabilitation nach Knieverletzungen im Frauenfußball
Authors: Achenbach Leonard , Heimberger Philipp , Müller Jan-Philipp , Bode Lisa , Keller Matthias
Published: February 2025

Frauen erleiden im Fußball häufiger Knieverletzungen als Männer. Sind die Gründe dafür bekannt, kann im Reha-Prozess, aber auch schon präventiv das Risiko für eine (Wieder-)Verletzung verringert und der Wiedereinstieg in den Sport sicherer geplant werden.
So schön neu?
Authors: Schwencke Silja
Published: February 2025

Um sicher und motiviert in die Ausbildung starten zu können, braucht es in der Praxis Menschen, die Auszubildende führen und stützen. Leider fehlen sie nur allzu oft, wie eine Umfrage des DBfK im letzten Jahr zeigte. Zum Glück gibt es auch einige positive Beispiele.
Der weibliche Beckenboden im Sport – Teil II: Das Training für den weiblichen Beckenboden
Authors: Leitner Monika
Published: February 2025

Teil 1 zeigte die Komplexität des weiblichen Beckenbodens und die Bedeutung der Beckenboden-Gesundheit allgemein bzw. für die Leistungsfähigkeit der Athletin auf. In diesem zweiten Teil geht es um die praktische Umsetzung dieser Erkenntnisse in eine Beckenbodentraining-Strategie für die körperlich aktive Frau, v. a. bei Vorliegen einer Belastungsinkontinenz.
Sicherer postpartaler Return to Play im Profifußball
Authors: Maletzke Saskia , Blume Johannes , Rosa Matthias , Bode Lisa
Published: February 2025

Immer mehr Frauen treiben professionell Sport. Auch im Frauenfußball hat die Zahl aktiver Spielerinnen in den letzten Jahren erheblich zugenommen. Weil viele der Sportlerinnen schon während ihrer aktiven Laufbahn ihren Kinderwunsch realisieren, ist es wichtig, ihre Rückkehr in den Sport so sicher und optimal wie möglich zu gestalten.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone versus Prednisolone for Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Economic Evaluation
Authors: Gao Ruonan , Cheng Xiao , Huang Liang , Luo Rong , Zeng Linan , Cheng Guo , Yu Qin , Li Hailong , Zhang Lingli
Published: February 2025

Background Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is the most common epileptic encephalopathy in infancy and early childhood. At present, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and prednisolone are commonly used as drug treatment regimens for IESS. However, evidence of efficacy and economics remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and economy of ACTH and prednisolone of IESS.

Methods Seven literature databases and two clinical trial registration platforms were searched, and a meta-analysis was conducted. From the perspective of the health care system, a 14-day economic evaluation was conducted. The rate of spasm cessation on the 14th day was used as the effect index. The univariate sensitivity analysis was used to verify the robustness of the results.

Results Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Current clinical evidence is not sufficient to prove the difference in the rate of spasm cessation on the 14th day (risk ratio [RR] = 1.05, 95% CI 0.86–1.27, p = 0.64) and total adverse event rate (RR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.53–1.42, p = 0.57). ACTH had an advantage in improving electroclinical response on the 14th day (RR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.09–1.96, p = 0.01) and reducing the number of months taken for relapse (mean difference = 1.65, 95% CI 1.01–2.29, p < 0.01). The cost of ACTH and prednisolone was 5,629.19 yuan and 5.56 yuan, respectively. Univariate sensitivity analysis showed the most influential factor was the cost of ACTH.

Conclusions There is insufficient evidence to determine whether ACTH or prednisolone is better in the short-term regimen of IESS. ACTH may have more advantages in improving the long-term outcome of IESS. In China, a prednisolone regimen of IESS has a lower cost within 14 days.
Microwave Ablation of T1a and T1b Renal Masses: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Eddin Assim Saad , Rao Karan , Oliva Bradford , Chowdhury Ajmain , Zubin Shetty , Tracy Chad , Smith Brian J. , Laroia Sandeep T.
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of microwave ablation (MWA) for the treatment of T1a and T1b renal masses, with size ranges between 1.2 and 6.5 cm. A retrospective review was performed at a single tertiary comprehensive cancer center between June 2019 and June 2023 of 49 consecutive patients (53 total procedures) who underwent MWA for renal masses. The Solero microwave tissue ablation system (Angiodynamics, Latham, NY, United States) was utilized. Patient demographics, renal mass characteristics, and procedural outcomes were collected. Serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were utilized to assess renal functional outcomes. Oncologic outcomes were assessed using evidence of local tumor recurrence on contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging, local recurrence-free probability at 1 and 2 years, and overall survival (OS) using the Kaplan–Meier analysis.Forty-nine patients (57% males and 43% females) with a median age of 72 years (range, 38–84 years) underwent 53 MWA procedures. The mean renal mass size was 2.8 ± 0.94 cm (range, 1.2–6.5 cm). Most of the renal tumors were T1a. Three of the 53 total renal tumors were larger than 4 cm (T1b) and the remaining 50 were less than 4 cm in size (T1a). The largest tumor that was ablated was 6.5 cm in size. All the patients were placed under general anesthesia (intubated) before the MWA procedure. A median microwave energy of 100 W (range, 60–140 W) was used. The mean duration of the MWA was 3.9 ± 1.5 minutes, with a 100% technical success rate. Four patients (8.2%) experienced complications, two (4.1%) of whom experienced a major complication. There was no clinically significant change in renal function from pre- to postablation on day 1 or at 3 months. Furthermore, local tumor recurrence was observed in three (6.1%) patients at 2.5, 15, and 25 months postablation. Local recurrence-free probability was 98 and 93% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. The OS was 98 and 87% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. MWA continues to prove to be an effective technique that can be used to treat small renal masses including oncocytomas, with high technical success, low complication rate, low risk of adverse renal functional outcomes, and encouraging results for sustained tumor control.
“Eklavya”: Do-It-Yourself Model: A Rolled Latex Sheet Conduit for Microsurgical Training
Authors: Mirajkar Girish , Bhat Uday , Peswani Amit , Raut Sushrut , Adenwala Husain , Samudre Sayali
Published: February 2025

Objective To introduce a simple and innovative low-fidelity microsurgical model using daily articles available in any plastic surgery operation theatre and to determine its quality, ease of use and cost-effectiveness.

Materials and Methods The model is essentially made by rolling a loose disposable glove upon a K-wire to create a true micro-vessel (< 2 mm). Adjustment in the size and thickness of the conduit can be made. Model was assessed by data obtained from subjective questionnaire to 29 experienced microsurgeons with more than 5 years of independent microsurgical practice. This experience of our model was compared with their experience with other material and animal tissue.

Results The chicken femoral is the best compared to rat model overall, but rolled latex is as good or second best as far as some of the features assessed.

Conclusion “Eklavya” microsurgical model provides a valuable alternative to traditional animal models, allowing trainees to practice and hone their skills without the ethical and financial concerns associated with live animal use.
Quantum vs classical birth and death processes; exactly solvable examples
Authors: Sasaki Ryu
Published: February 2025

A coinless quantisation procedure of continuous and discrete time Birth and Death (BD) processes is presented. The quantum Hamiltonian H is derived by similarity transforming the matrix L describing the BD equation in terms of the square root of the stationary (reversible) distribution. The quantum and classical systems share the entire eigenvalues and the eigenvectors are related one to one. When the birth rate B(x) and the death rate D(x) are chosen to be the coefficients of the difference equation governing the orthogonal polynomials of Askey scheme, the quantum system is exactly solvable. The eigenvectors are the orthogonal polynomials themselves and the eigenvalues are given analytically. Many examples are periodic since their eigenvalues are all integers, or all integers for integer parameters. The situation is very similar to the exactly solvable one dimensional quantum mechanical systems. These exactly solvable BD processes contain many adjustable free parameters which could be helpful for various simulation purposes.
On character table of Clifford groups
Authors: Lee Chin-Yen , Yu Wei-Hsuan , Peng Yung-Ning , Lai Ching-Jui
Published: February 2025

Based on a presentation of Cn and the help of [The GAP Group 2022, https://www.gap-system.org] we construct the character table of the Clifford group Cn for n = 1, 2, 3. As an application, we can efficiently decompose the (higher power of) tensor product of the matrix representation in those cases. Our results recover some known results in Helsen et al. [J. Math. Phys. 59, 072201 (2018)] and Wallman and Flammia [New J. Phys. 16(10), 103032 (2014)] and reveal some new phenomena. We prove that when n ≥ 3, (1) the trivial character is the only linear character for Cn and hence Cn equals to its commutator subgroup, (2) the n-qubit Pauli group Pn is the only proper non-trivial normal subgroup of Cn, (3) the matrix representation M2n is a faithful representation for Cn. As a byproduct, we give a presentation of the finite symplectic group Sp(2n, 2) in terms of generators and relations.
Derivation of Vlasov equations for multi-species fermions
Authors: Chen Hongshuo , Chen Li , Lee Jinyeop , Sun Zhiwei
Published: February 2025

We explore a system of two-species fermions with N particles. Through this exploration, we establish a two-species Husimi measure and construct a two-species Bogoliubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon hierarchy hierarchy with error terms. We provide proofs of the smallness of these errors in the semiclassical and mean-field limits, fixing ℏ = N−1/3. After that, we rigorously establish the uniqueness of this hierarchy. This allows us to conclude that the two-species Husimi measure from the solution of N-particle Schrödinger equation approximates the solution of the Vlasov equation for two-species systems.
Dual band angle insensitive metamaterial absorber with MgxCa(0.90−x)Ni0.10Fe2O4 based novel microwave flexible substrate for electromagnetic energy harvesting application
Authors: Hasan Md Shakibul , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Alenezi Abdulmajeed M. , Moniruzzaman Md , Alshammari Ahmed S. , Soliman Mohamed S. , Alamri Saeed , Samsuzzaman Md
Published: February 2025

This article presents a metamaterial absorber originated on a flexible substrate of MgxCa(0.90−x)Ni0.10Fe2O4. The MgxCa(0.90−x)Ni0.10Fe2O4 substrate is developed using the sol-gel technique, where X25, X50, and X75 represent 25%, 50%, and 75% of the corresponding material concentration, respectively. The dielectric constant values for X25, X50, and X75 are 2.52, 3.05, and 3.44, with loss tangents of 0.0026, 0.004 25, and 0.0062, respectively. The substrate nanoparticles’ morphology is analyzed using x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive x-ray characterization, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. A metamaterial absorber is then designed on this substrate with a dimension of 16 × 16 mm2. The resonator is comprised of three rings with a square-shaped split outer ring, a square-shaped middle ring, and an innermost arrow-shaped structure. It exhibits absorptance peaks of 99.45% and 99.61% at 4.51 and 7.26 GHz, respectively. Metamaterial and absorber properties are investigated with surface current, electric, and magnetic field analysis. The proposed flexible metamaterial absorber (FMMA) exhibits single negative properties, and it also demonstrates an insensitive response up to 75° for both polarization angle and incident angle variation in transverse electric mode. Furthermore, the FMMA demonstrates exceptionally high energy harvesting (EH) efficiencies of 95.11% and 96.02% at 4.51 and 7.26 GHz, respectively. The efficiency is also investigated for various bending conditions. The small size, lightweight, and flexibility of the structure indicate that MgxCa(0.90−x)Ni0.10Fe2O4 based FMMAs have significant potential for EH applications in the C band.
Color astrophotography with a 100 mm-diameter f/2 polymer flat lens
Authors: Majumder Apratim , Meem Monjurul , Ingold Alexander , Ricketts Paul , Obray Tanner , Brimhall Nicole , Menon Rajesh
Published: February 2025

We demonstrate a 100 mm-diameter, 2.4 μm-thick multilevel diffractive lens (MDL) with a 200 mm focal length, optimized for the 400 to 800 nm wavelength range—specifications that are difficult to achieve even with complex multi-element refractive systems. Created using an inverse-design approach and grayscale lithography, the MDL achieves achromatic focusing, confirmed through hyperspectral point-spread function (PSF) characterization. Imaging experiments resolved spatial frequencies up to 181 lp/mm and demonstrated the MDL's capability in capturing high-quality, full-color images of the moon, sun, and distant terrestrial scenes. Color-enhanced lunar images revealed key geological features, while solar imaging identified visible sunspots. Additionally, the MDL was integrated with a refractive achromatic lens to form a hybrid telescope, significantly reducing weight for airborne and space-based imaging applications. Simulations and experimental results reported here underscore the potential of large-area achromatic flat lenses as lightweight alternatives to conventional refractive systems for astrophotography and other long-range imaging tasks.
A neural network-based study on the growth rate of a shocked heavy gas layer
Authors: Xie Jin , Zhou Zhangbo , Wu Yanfeng , Si Ting , Luo Xisheng
Published: February 2025

Numerical investigation of a shock wave impacting an upstream disturbed heavy gas layer is conducted by varying four initial physical parameters: the Mach numbers of incident shock, the Atwood numbers between the interior and exterior of the gas layer, the thickness–wavelength ratios of the gas layer, and the initial amplitude–wavelength ratios of the upstream interface. The neural network method is applied to model the growth rates of both the upstream and downstream interfaces. The growth rates of the two interfaces are illustrated on a two-dimensional graph comprising 25 unit images by an analysis of 3360 simulated cases, effectively demonstrating the influence of four sets of initial parameters. From a macroscopic perspective, the variation in the thickness of the gas layer exhibits minimal impact on the growth rate of the upstream interface at low Mach numbers. Conversely, at high Mach numbers, the growth rate of the upstream interface increases with increasing thickness, while the growth rate of the downstream interface initially decreases before subsequently increasing as thickness increases. For these nonlinear relationships, two neural network models with four hidden layers establish a mapping from the initial parameters to the growth rates and accurately predict the growth rates for two interfaces, significantly reducing computational time for future scientific and engineering applications. Furthermore, the partial derivatives of the predicted growth rates with respect to the four initial parameters are computed using backpropagation with the trained neural network models. These partial derivatives facilitate the optimization of growth rate's changes by allowing fine-tuning of one parameter while maintaining the other initial parameters constant.
Combined natural and forced convection in vertical concentric annuli at high Prandtl numbers
Authors: Su Xiang , Lin Fuchang , Jiang Yudong , Li Hua
Published: February 2025

The combined natural and forced convection in vertical concentric annuli at high Prandtl numbers is a common problem in engineering. The hydrodynamical and thermal flow state in annuli depends on the Grashof number. In this paper, first, mathematical models of the combined natural and forced convection in vertical concentric annuli at high Prandtl numbers are established. For diverse Grashof number ranges, integral and analytical methods are introduced to solve annuli's velocity and temperature profiles. Subsequently, a computational fluid dynamic simulation based on the finite volume method is carried out to verify the accuracy of the integral and analytical methods. Under various physical configurations, annuli's heat and mass transfer characteristics are accurately predicted. The relative error of the average fluid velocity is less than 4.4745%, and the relative error of the maximum temperature is less than 2.3719%. The integral and analytical methods perform much better in computation speed, increasing by 180 and 3000 times, respectively. Finally, based on the faster numerical computation scheme developed, local Nusselt number correlations suitable for different Grashof number ranges are proposed, considering different thermal and pressure boundary conditions.
A unified physics-based continuum theory for magnetorheological fluid deformation: Implications in magnetorheological fluid-based brake applications
Authors: Behera Subrat Kumar , Bhattacharyya Ranjan , Sarangi Somnath
Published: February 2025

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are smart composites that can exhibit reversible behavior changes and quickly transit from a liquid state to a nearly solid state when exposed to magnetic fields. Existing theories, such as the Herschel–Bulkley (H-B) model and artificial neural network, are frequently employed to describe the deformation of MR fluids; however, these are limited to certain modes of deformation and have lagged in the physical interpretation of magneto–mechanical interaction. To address the limitations, this study provides an in-depth investigation of MR fluid behavior, highlighting its non-Newtonian characteristics and the occurrence of a yielding phenomenon under finite deformation. A unified framework is developed to describe solid and fluid characteristics using classical continuum mechanics and Ericksen's seminal work consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. To highlight the distinctive characteristics of MR fluids, the investigation explores different deformation modes, including shear, flow, and squeezing. This study comprehensively addresses essential phenomena in MR fluids, including yielding, rate-dependent viscosity, and the Weissenberg effect, by leveraging the physical insights from their interaction with magnetic fields. We performed experiments with a rheometer to validate these conclusions and contrasted the analytical findings with the experimental data. Additionally, we confirmed the theoretical predictions for flow mode deformation by comparing them with existing experiments, offering a thorough explanation of field-dependent flow properties. The presented theory is also used to analyze the breaking for the MR brake system analytically, which is then validated by comparing it with the experiment. The proposed framework serves as a valuable tool for understanding and predicting the behavior of MR fluids, enabling the realization of their full potential in practical applications, such as MR fluid-based clutches and vibration dampers.
Measuring remanent magnetic moment of test masses by a compound pendulum in a magnetic shielding room
Authors: Yu Yuanyang , Lin Shengxin , Yan Yi , Huo Yancong , Zhang Butian , Pan Donghua , Wang Shun , Zhou Ze-Bing
Published: February 2025

In space-borne gravitational wave detection, the remanent magnetic moment of test masses is one of the primary contributors to residual acceleration noise. During the ground test phase, precisely measuring the remanent magnetic moment of the test masses under an ultra-weak magnetic field is crucial for assessing its suitability for the space mission. In this work, we developed a compound pendulum apparatus within the magnetic shielding room, utilizing the pendulum’s periodic motion to convert the remanent magnetic moment into a modulated magnetic field. The measurement resolution of remanent magnetic moment reaches a level of 0.2 nAm2.
When theory meets experiment: What does it take to accurately predict 1H NMR dipolar relaxation rates in neat liquid water from theory?
Authors: Paschek Dietmar , Busch Johanna , Chiramel Tony Angel Mary , Ludwig Ralf , Strate Anne , Stolte Nore , Forbert Harald , Marx Dominik
Published: February 2025

In this contribution, we compute the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation rate of liquid water at ambient conditions. We are using structural and dynamical information from Coupled Cluster Molecular Dynamics (CCMD) trajectories generated at CCSD(T) electronic structure accuracy while also considering nuclear quantum effects in addition to consulting information from x-ray and neutron scattering experiments. Our analysis is based on a recently presented computational framework for determining the frequency-dependent NMR dipole–dipole relaxation rate of spin 1/2 nuclei from Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, which allows for an effective disentanglement of its structural and dynamical contributions and includes a correction for finite-size effects inherent to MD simulations with periodic boundary conditions. A close to perfect agreement with experimental relaxation data is achieved if structural and dynamical information from CCMD trajectories is considered, leading to a re-balancing of the rotational and translational dynamics, which can also be expressed by the product of the self-diffusion coefficient and the reorientational correlation time of the H–H vector D0 × τHH. The simulations show that this balance is significantly altered when nuclear quantum effects are taken into account. Our analysis suggests that the intermolecular and intramolecular contributions to the 1H NMR relaxation rate of liquid water are almost similar in magnitude, unlike what was predicted earlier from fully classical MD simulations.