bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is it necessary for patients with potentially resectable esophageal squamous cell cancer to receive routine preoperative brain MRI/CT?
Authors: Wei Xiufeng , Luo Peng , Chen Xiankai , Wang Zhen , Xu Lei , Xie Hounai , Yang Yafan , Zhang Ruixiang , Yu Yongkui , Li Haomiao , Liu Qi , Qin Jianjun , Li Yin
Published: October 2022

Background

This study aimed to investigate the value and efficiency of routine brain MRI or CT in the preoperative workup for patients with potentially resectable (cT1‐4aN0‐3) thoracic esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC).

Methods

This was a prospective cross‐sectional clinical trial (ChiCTR1800020304). A total of 385 patients with potentially resectable (cT1‐4aN0‐3) thoracic ESCC diagnosed from October 2018 to August 2020 were included. Plain brain MRI or CT was performed preoperatively to detect brain metastases (BrM). The primary endpoint was BrM detected by imaging.

Results

Of all 385 patients, the rate of positive brain MRI/CT findings was 1% (n = 4). BrM Patients received chemoradiotherapy, and the median OS was 6 months (95% CI: 4.303–7.697). All 381 remaining patients with initial negative brain MRI/CT diagnosis revealed no brain‐associated symptoms within 6 months. The median follow‐up for patients without BrM was 20 months (range, from 6 to 32). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of plain MRI or CT to detect BrM were all 100%.

Conclusions

Preoperative plain MRI or CT is an effective method to detect BrM for potentially resectable (cT1‐4aN0‐3) thoracic ESCC. However, due to the low incidence, the value of brain MRI/CT as a routinely preoperational examination in potentially resectable esophageal squamous cell cancer is rather limited. Therefore, preoperative brain MRI/CT should not be recommended as a routine preoperative examination for ESCC.
Genetic variants in LKB1/AMPK/mTOR pathway are associated with clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Choi Sun Ha , Do Sook Kyung , Lee Shin Yup , Choi Jin Eun , Kang Hyo‐Gyoung , Hong Mi Jeong , Lee Jang Hyuck , Lee Won Kee , Jeong Ji Yun , Shin Kyung Min , Do Young Woo , Lee Eung Bae , Park Ji Eun , Lee Yong Hoon , Seo Hyewon , Yoo Seung Soo , Lee Jaehee , Cha Seung Ick , Kim Chang Ho , Park Jae Yong
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between genetic variants in LKB1/AMPK/mTOR pathway and treatment outcomes of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with chemotherapy. A total of 379 patients with NSCLC who underwent first‐line paclitaxel‐cisplatin chemotherapy was enrolled. The associations between 19 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the LKB1/AMPK/mTOR pathway and the chemotherapy response and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Among the SNVs analyzed, AKT1 rs2494750G>C and TSC1 rs2809244C>A were associated with clinical outcomes after chemotherapy in multivariate analyses. The AKT1 rs2494750G>C was significantly associated with a better response to chemotherapy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–3.62, p = 0.04). The TSC1 rs2809244C>A were significantly associated with better OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.62–0.99, p = 0.04). When stratified by tumor histology, AKT1 rs2494750G>C exhibited a significant association with the chemotherapy response only in adenocarcinoma and TSC1 rs2809244C>A was also significantly associated with OS only in adenocarcinoma. This result suggests that the AKT1 rs2494750G>C and TSC1 rs2809244 C>A may be useful for predicting the clinical outcome of first‐line paclitaxel‐cisplatin chemotherapy in NSCLC.
When Do Firms Adjust Bonus Targets Intrayear? Evidence from Sales Executives' Targets*
Authors: Arnold Markus , Artz Martin , Grasser Robert A.
Published: October 2022

This study investigates when and why intrayear bonus target revisions occur. This is important as intrayear target revisions occur regularly in practice but are not well understood. Specifically, we analyze two potential drivers of intrayear bonus target revisions: reduced managerial incentives owing to managers dropping out of the incentive zone of their piecewise defined bonus function and potential spillovers from planning target revisions that reflect changes in performance expectations during the year. We also investigate the effects of organizational characteristics on intrayear bonus target revisions. Using data collected from sales executives via multiple waves of surveys, we find evidence for both predicted drivers. In addition, consistent with our predictions, we find that the levels of delegated decision authority, intrafirm interdependencies, and information asymmetry negatively moderate the positive association between reduced managerial incentives and revision likelihood. Our paper contributes to the target setting literature by being the first study to investigate intrayear bonus target revisions and shed light on when firms commit to not revising such targets intrayear.
Factors associated with a maternal lower‐limb neurological deficit after vaginal delivery
Authors: Tournier Alexane , Doremieux Anne Cecile , Drumez Elodie , Labreuche Julien , Cassim François , Gonzales Max , Garabedian Charles , Subtil Damien
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The etiology of lower‐limb neurological deficit after vaginal delivery remains poorly understood. The objective herein was to identify factors associated with this maternal nerve injury after vaginal delivery.

Material and methods

A single‐center, case–control (matching 1:4) study. Cases were women with a lower‐limb neurological deficit that appeared immediately after vaginal delivery. Controls were randomly selected women who gave birth vaginally during the same period, without any deficit. Finally, to assess the rates of factors associated with these deficits, we studied them using a randomly selected 5% sample of the population with vaginal deliveries.

Results

During the 30‐month study period, 31 cases were identified among 10 333 women who gave birth vaginally (0.3%, 95% CI 0.20–0.43); 124 controls were also included. After logistic regression, the presence of a neurological deficit after delivery was associated with second‐stage labor duration (per hour odds ratio [OR] 3.67, 95% CI 2.09–6.44; OR per standard deviation increase 2.73, 95% CI 1.75–4.25, p < 0.001) and instrumental delivery (OR = 3.24, 95% CI 1.29–8.14, p = 0.012), with no interaction effect (p = 0.56). Extrapolation of these factors to a 5% sample of the overall population of women with vaginal births showed that the rate of these deficits would be very low for women with second‐stage labor lasting up to 90 min without instrumental delivery (0.05%) but increased to 1.52% when these factors were combined (OR 33.1, 95% CI 9.4–116.9).

Conclusions

Following vaginal delivery, the onset of a neurological deficit is principally associated with the duration of second‐stage labor and instrumental delivery.
Does the minimum wage improve the welfare of workers? Evidence from the 2013 minimum wage reform in Thailand
Authors: Durongkaveroj Wannaphong
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the 2013 minimum wage reform in Thailand. The study employs a difference‐in‐difference (DID) estimation and utilises data drawn from comprehensive socioeconomic household surveys from 2009 to 2019. The findings suggest that the minimum wage reform significantly increased the average daily earnings, the number of paid days of employment, consumption expenditure per capita, and income per capita. However, the minimum wage reform had little impact on poor households. The results withstand different estimation techniques and a set of additional controls.
Prenatal care in US birth centers: Midwives' perceptions of contributors to birthing People's confidence in physiologic birth
Authors: Neerland Carrie E. , Delkoski Stephanie L. , Skalisky Arielle E. , Avery Melissa D.
Published: October 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to describe US freestanding birth center models of prenatal care and to examine how the components of this care contribute to birthing people's confidence in their ability to have a physiologic birth.

Design

This was a qualitative descriptive study utilizing semi‐structured interviews with birth center midwives. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, constant comparative method and consensus coding to ensure rigor.

Setting and Participants

Midwives from six urban and rural freestanding birth centers in a Midwestern US state were interviewed. Twelve birth center midwives participated.

Findings

Six themes emerged: the birth center physical space and organization of care, dimensions of midwifery care within the birth center, continuity of care and seamless service, the empowered birthing person, physiologic birth as normative, and the hospital paradigm and US cultures of birth.

Key Conclusions

We identified significant components of birth center models of prenatal care that midwives believe enhance birthing people's confidence for physiologic childbirth. These components may be considered for application to other settings and may improve perinatal care and outcomes.
Effects of an educational intervention on Nigerian midwives' intention to provide planned home birth care
Authors: Muhammed Auwalu , Shariff‐Ghazali Sazlina , Md Said Salmiah , Hassan Mairo , Lee Khuan
Published: October 2022

Background

The majority of women in Sokoto, Nigeria prefer homebirths, but midwives are reluctant to provide care in the home setting. As such, many women continue to give birth at home alone or assisted by untrained attendants, which is associated with an increased risk for maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 226 midwives from 10 health care facilities. The intervention group received an educational program on home birth. A validated questionnaire that evaluated knowledge, attitudes, norms, perceived control, and intention to provide planned home birth care was given at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at three‐months follow‐up. Data were analyzed using linear mixed‐effect model statistics.

Results

Following the intervention, the intervention group demonstrated higher knowledge and more positive attitudes, norms, perceived control, and intention to provide planned home birth care compared with the control group (P < 0.05). No significant changes in the scores of the control group were observed during the study duration (P > 0.05).

Discussion

Educating midwives on planned home birth increases their willingness to provide planned home birth care. Health system administrators, policymakers, and researchers may use similar interventions to promote skilled home birth attendance by midwives. Increasing the number of midwives who are willing to attend planned home births provides women at low risk for medical complications with safer options for labor, delivery, and postpartum care.
Initiation and evolution of fault‐controlled slope‐parallel submarine channels: Miocene eastern slope of Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea
Authors: Wang Zhen , Xian Benzhong , Liu Jingyan , Khan Majid , Fan Caiwei , Li Hui , Wang Junhui , Zhang Ximeng , Liu Jianping , Chen Peng , Wu Qianran , Zhang Wenmiao
Published: October 2022

Submarine channels act as the main conduits for the transport of sediment to deep‐water basins by sediment gravity flows. The interplay between fault‐related deformation and the initiation and development of the channels is poorly known. Here, we present the identification, formation and evolution of the Miocene slope‐parallel channel by employing 3D seismic reflection, wireline‐log and core data in the eastern slope of Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. Based on the lengths and plan‐view shapes, a total of three different types of fault‐associated slope‐parallel depressions have been identified. The depressions were formed in the fault zone and controlled by the reactivation of the underlying older faults. Among them, Type‐1 depressions are short (<20 km) oval or circle shaped possessing only one depocenter. Type‐2 depressions are elongated (25–70 km), and usually have multiple depocenters. Type‐3 depressions, which are usually connected by slope‐perpendicular channels in the head and middle, are longer (more than 190 km) and connect shallow and deep‐water basins. The analysis of morphology, erosivity and material transport shows that Type‐3 depressions are fully fledged channels. Type‐1 and Type‐2 depressions are channel precursors representing the initial stage of channel evolution. With this motive, a model for the initiation and evolution of slope‐parallel submarine channels controlled by strike‐slip‐extensional faults is presented. Unlike the previous investigations which suggest that erosion takes place at the inception of submarine channel formation, the fault‐controlled slope‐parallel channel is mainly controlled by faulting and has no initial erosive base and does not develop levees. The depressions are extended and elongated by the continuous fault activity. It was not until the slope‐parallel depression connected with large‐scale slope‐perpendicular channels transporting materials into the depression via erosive turbidity currents that it evolved into a channel‐levee system. This study is of global importance for understanding submarine channel generation and evolution since the fault‐controlled slope‐parallel channels have been found in tectonic active basins worldwide.
Reproductive niche differentiation in syntopic tropical tree frogs (Agalychnis)
Authors: Griffis‐Kyle Kerry L. , LeVering Kate , Vega Andres , Perez‐Martinez Christian A. , Barun Arijana , Perry Gad
Published: October 2022

Small differences in syntopic Agalychnis callidryas and A. spurrelli oviposition sites and embryo predation via snakes and invertebrates provide context for a previously unexplainable difference in embryonic behavioral risk responses. Correlations in reproductive and ecological traits suggest directional selection in the syntopic populations of these species. [Correction added on 10 November 2022: The abstract was updated to clarify that there was only one difference. The words character displacement were replaced by directional selection.]
Maxillary vertical alveolar ridge augmentation using sandwich osteotomy technique with simultaneous versus delayed implant placement: A proof of principle randomized clinical trial
Authors: Al‐Dubai Mohammed , Mounir Ragia , Ali Sherif , Mounir Mohamed
Published: October 2022

Background

The sandwich osteotomy technique usually requires high surgical skills and prolonged intraoperative time and had some technical drawbacks with a subsequent deficient amount of vertical bone gain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the final vertical bone gain using sandwich osteotomy with simultaneous versus delayed implant placement in the anterior maxilla.

Material and methods

This study included 16 patients having multiple missing maxillary anterior teeth with a vertically deficient alveolar ridge. Patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Both groups were treated using sandwich osteotomy with interpositional particulate bovine bone graft. In the study group (8 patients, 17 implants), the transport mobilized bone segment was fixed in position using simultaneous implant placement. Whereas in the control group (8 patients, 18 implants), micro‐plates and screws were used, followed by a second‐stage surgery for plates removal and delayed implant placement. Radiographic assessment included 4 months postoperative mean of vertical gain in alveolar ridge height, taken from cross‐sectional cuts of cone beam CT.

Results

The mean vertical bone gain in the study group was 4.04 ± 0.59 mm compared to 3.86 ± 0.52 mm in the control group with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.518). The mean value of bone gain percentage in the study group was 33.02% compared to 31.75% in the control group, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.656).

Conclusion

The sandwich osteotomy technique with simultaneous implant placement is a reliable method for vertical ridge augmentation that eliminates the need for a secondary surgery.
Integrating local ecological knowledge, ecological monitoring, and computer simulation to evaluate conservation outcomes
Authors: Early‐Capistrán Michelle María , Solana‐Arellano Elena , Abreu‐Grobois F. Alberto , Garibay‐Melo Gerardo , Seminoff Jeffrey A. , Sáenz‐Arroyo Andrea , Narchi Nemer E.
Published: October 2022

Successful conservation of long‐lived species requires reliable understanding of long‐term trends and historical baselines. We present a framework for evaluating abundance trends and conservation outcomes for long‐lived marine species by integrating local ecological knowledge (LEK), ecological monitoring, and computer simulation, tested on a case‐study of long‐lived and heavily exploited green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Eastern Pacific. Models fit to LEK and monitoring data indicate that turtle abundance is increasing, but only after ∼40 years of safeguarding the species’ nesting and foraging habitats in Mexico. However, current abundance is at ∼60% of baseline levels and historic population structure has not been reestablished, indicating the need for sustained, long‐term conservation actions. We demonstrate the potential of linking LEK and ecological science to provide critical information for conservation, by establishing reference baselines and gauging population status with a long‐term historical perspective, while promoting equitable and sustainable futures.
Replacement drives native β‐diversity of British avifauna, while richness differences shape alien β‐diversity
Authors: Lazarina Maria , Sgardelis Stefanos P. , Michailidou Danai‐Eleni , Tsianou Mariana , Andrikou‐Charitidou Aristi , Touloumis Konstantinos , Kallimanis Athanasios S.
Published: October 2022

Aim

We explored the range shifts of alien and native birds, the responses of alien and native β‐diversity to abiotic factors, and the effect of native diversity on alien β‐diversity in two time periods.

Location

Great Britain.

Time period

1968–1972, 2007–2011.

Taxa studied

Breeding birds.

Methods

We estimated range shifts of alien and native species between the periods 1968–1972 and 2007–2011. Following, β‐diversity of alien and native communities was estimated by Jaccard pairwise index (βtot) and partitioned into richness difference and replacement component for each period. We built abiotic generalized dissimilarity models including abiotic factors for alien and native βtot and their components and a biotic model for aliens including native taxonomic and functional diversity as predictors.

Results

Most alien and half native species expanded into new regions during the 40‐year period. The native species range shifts did not exhibit a clear pattern along the longitudinal or latitudinal gradient, while alien species tended to move north‐westwards. The richness difference was the dominant component of alien β‐diversity, and the replacement component contributed mostly to native β‐diversity. Alien β‐diversity responded similarly but less strongly than native β‐diversity, to the abiotic gradients. Temperature‐related variables, distance and precipitation were the most important abiotic drivers of native and alien β‐diversity. The biotic model of alien β‐diversity explained more deviance than the abiotic model.

Main conclusions

Alien species expanded into new regions over the 40 years, with alien β‐diversity driven mostly by species gains. The effect of environmental filtering on alien communities was weaker compared with native communities but was slightly reinforced in the second period compared with the first period, highlighting the role of environmental change in shaping diversity patterns. Native diversity played a key role in driving alien β‐diversity, through biotic interactions or/and by reflecting climatic suitability or niche availability for aliens.
Performance of an artificial intelligence‐based diagnostic support tool for early gastric cancers: Retrospective study
Authors: Ishioka Mitsuaki , Osawa Hiroyuki , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Kawachi Hiroshi , Nakano Kaoru , Fukushima Noriyoshi , Sakaguchi Mio , Tada Tomohiro , Kato Yusuke , Shibata Junichi , Ozawa Tsuyoshi , Tajiri Hisao , Fujisaki Junko
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Endoscopists' abilities to diagnose early gastric cancers (EGCs) vary, especially between specialists and nonspecialists. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based diagnostic support tool “Tango” to differentiate EGCs and compared its performance with that of endoscopists.

Methods

The diagnostic performances of Tango and endoscopists (34 specialists, 42 nonspecialists) were compared using still images of 150 neoplastic and 165 non‐neoplastic lesions. Neoplastic lesions included EGCs and adenomas. The primary outcome was to show the noninferiority of Tango (based on sensitivity) over specialists. The secondary outcomes were the noninferiority of Tango (based on accuracy) over specialists and the superiority of Tango (based on sensitivity and accuracy) over nonspecialists. The lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference between Tango and the specialists for sensitivity was calculated, with >−10% defined as noninferiority and >0% defined as superiority in the primary outcome. The comparable differences between Tango and the endoscopists for each performance were calculated, with >10% defined as superiority and >0% defined as noninferiority in the secondary outcomes.

Results

Tango achieved superiority over the specialists based on sensitivity (84.7% vs. 65.8%, difference 18.9%, 95% CI 12.3–25.3%) and demonstrated noninferiority based on accuracy (70.8% vs. 67.4%). Tango achieved superiority over the nonspecialists based on sensitivity (84.7% vs. 51.0%) and accuracy (70.8% vs. 58.4%).

Conclusions

The AI‐based diagnostic support tool for EGCs demonstrated a robust performance and may be useful to reduce misdiagnosis.
Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: Are clinical trial benefits for heart failure reflected in real‐world clinical practice? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Hinton William , Ansari Abdus Samad , Whyte Martin B. , McGovern Andrew P. , Feher Michael D. , Munro Neil , de Lusignan Simon
Published: October 2022

Aim

To determine the absolute risk reduction (ARR) of heart failure events in people treated with sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.

Materials and Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and ISI Web of Science for observational studies published to 9 May 2022 that explored the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and any indication for heart failure (including new diagnosis or hospitalization for heart failure) in type 2 diabetes. Identified studies were independently screened by two reviewers and assessed for bias using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale. Eligible studies with comparable outcome data were pooled for meta‐analysis using random‐effects models, reporting hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The ARR per 100 person‐years was determined overall, and in subgroups with and without baseline cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Results

From 43 eligible studies, with a total of 4 818 242 participants from 17 countries, 21 were included for meta‐analysis. SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.59‐0.72) overall and both in those with CVD (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.68‐0.89) and without CVD (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.39‐0.71). Risk reduction for hospitalization for heart failure in people with a history of CVD (ARR 1.17, 95% CI 0.78‐1.55) was significantly greater than for those without CVD (ARR 0.39, 95% CI 0.32‐0.47). The number‐needed‐to‐treat to prevent one event of hospitalization for heart failure was 86 (95% CI 65‐128) person‐years of treatment for the CVD group and 256 (95% CI 215‐316) person‐years for those without CVD.

Conclusions

Real‐world SGLT2 inhibitor use supports randomized trial data for the size effect of reduced hospitalization for heart failure in type 2 diabetes, although with a much lower ARR in people without CVD.
Sensory tetanisation to induce long‐term‐potentiation‐like plasticity: A review and reassessment of the approach
Authors: Dias James W. , McClaskey Carolyn M. , Rumschlag Jeffrey A. , Harris Kelly C.
Published: October 2022

There is great interest in developing non‐invasive approaches for studying cortical plasticity in humans. High‐frequency presentation of auditory and visual stimuli, or sensory tetanisation, can induce long‐term‐potentiation‐like (LTP‐like) changes in cortical activity. However, contrasting effects across studies suggest that sensory tetanisation may be unreliable. We review these contrasting effects, conduct our own study of auditory and visual tetanisation, and perform meta‐analyses to determine the average effect of sensory tetanisation across studies. We measured auditory‐evoked amplitude changes in a group of younger (18–29 years of age) and older (55–83 years of age) adults following tetanisation to 1 and 4 kHz tone bursts and following a slow‐presentation control. We also measured visual‐evoked amplitude changes following tetanisation to horizontal and vertical sign gradients. Auditory and visual response amplitudes decreased following tetanisation, consistent with some studies but contrasting with others finding amplitude increases (i.e. LTP‐like changes). Older adults exhibited more modest auditory‐evoked amplitude decreases, but visual‐evoked amplitude decreases like those of younger adults. Changes in response amplitude were not specific to tetanised stimuli. Importantly, slow presentation of auditory tone bursts produced response amplitude changes approximating those observed following tetanisation in younger adults. Meta‐analyses of visual and auditory tetanisation studies found that the overall effect of sensory tetanisation was not significant across studies or study sites. The results suggest that sensory tetanisation may not produce reliable changes in cortical responses and more work is needed to determine the validity of sensory tetanisation as a method for inducing human cortical plasticity in vivo.
Exploiting the molecular diversity of the synapse to investigate neuronal communication: A guide through the current toolkit
Authors: Lamanna Jacopo , Ferro Mattia , Spadini Sara , Malgaroli Antonio
Published: October 2022

Chemical synapses are tiny and overcrowded environments, deeply embedded inside brain tissue and enriched with thousands of protein species. Many efforts have been devoted to developing custom approaches for evaluating and modifying synaptic activity. Most of these methods are based on the engineering of one or more synaptic protein scaffolds used to target active moieties to the synaptic compartment or to manipulate synaptic functioning. In this review, we summarize the most recent methodological advances and provide a description of the involved proteins as well as the operation principle. Furthermore, we highlight their advantages and limitations in relation to studies of synaptic transmission in vitro and in vivo. Concerning the labelling methods, the most important challenge is how to extend the available approaches to the in vivo setting. On the other hand, for those methods that allow manipulation of synaptic function, this limit has been overcome using optogenetic approaches that can be more easily applied to the living brain. Finally, future applications of these methods to neuroscience, as well as new potential routes for development, are discussed.
Seizures in anti‐Hu–associated extra‐limbic encephalitis: Characterization of a unique disease manifestation
Authors: Budhram Adrian , Sharma Manas , Young G. Bryan
Published: October 2022

Anti‐Hu–associated neurologic autoimmunity most often occurs in the context of small cell lung cancer and typically presents with peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, and/or limbic encephalitis. Extra‐limbic encephalitis causing seizures is a rare disease manifestation, with only sparse reports in the literature. Herein we present a patient with seizures in anti‐Hu–associated extra‐limbic encephalitis, and review the literature for other cases to more fully characterize this entity. Among 27 patients we identified, the median age was 46 years (range: 2–69 years) and 18 of 27 (67%) were female. Focal motor seizures were most common, followed by ictal expressive speech difficulty. Seizure semiologies along with neuroimaging findings most frequently suggested the involvement of the peri‐Rolandic cortex, more anterior frontal operculum, and insula, although other cortical regions were rarely affected as well. In contrast to other classical paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes, good response to treatment with attainment of seizure‐free survival was often reported, although over one‐third still died. A propensity for chronic seizures among children indicated the potential to develop autoimmune‐associated epilepsy. The predilection for certain extra‐limbic regions, as well as the possibility of good response to treatment, may reflect unique disease mechanisms that would benefit from further study.
The threatened karst of the Great Western Lakes, Ireland
Authors: Simms Michael J. , Parkes Matthew A.
Published: October 2022

Limestone is a notoriously leaky rock. In many areas that are underlain by limestone, surface rivers are few and disjointed. They disappear into sinks only to reappear, sometimes many kilometres away, at springs. It is not an environment in which lakes are typically found. Some 40 percent of Ireland is underlain by limestone, yet the Irish lowlands are scattered with countless lakes, large and small. In many the limestone beneath is effectively sealed by a cover of glacial till; others have formed where hollows descend below a shallow water table. Around the shores of many, exposed limestone bedrock and boulders support a range of peculiar etched features that are virtually confined to this lakeshore environment.
‘I had a bigger cancer risk than I thought…’: The experience of receiving personalized risk information as part of a skin cancer prevention intervention in the college setting
Authors: Brady Hannah L. , Hamilton Jada G. , Kaphingst Kimberly A. , Jensen Jakob D. , Kohlmann Wendy , Parsons Bridget G. , Lillie Helen M. , Wankier Ali P. , Smith Heather J. , Grossman Douglas , Hay Jennifer L. , Wu Yelena P.
Published: October 2022

Background

Diagnoses of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers are becoming increasingly common among young adults. Interventions in this population are a priority because they do not consistently follow skin cancer prevention recommendations.

Objectives

The goal of the current study was to examine college students' perspectives on and experience with receiving a skin cancer prevention intervention that provided personalized skin cancer risk feedback in the form of an ultraviolet (UV) photograph, the results of genetic testing for common skin cancer risk variants, and/or general skin cancer prevention education.

Methods

Qualitative interviews were conducted with 38 college students who received a skin cancer prevention intervention. The interview covered students' feelings about their personal skin cancer risk information, the impact of the intervention on their skin cancer risk perceptions, actions or intentions to act with regard to their sun protection practices and feedback for improvement of the intervention content or delivery.

Results

Participants reported that different intervention components contributed to increased awareness of their sun protection behaviours, shifts in cognitions about and motivation to implement sun protection strategies and reported changes to their skin cancer prevention strategies.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that college students are interested in and responsive to these types of multicomponent skin cancer preventive interventions. Further, students demonstrate some motivation and intentionality toward changing their skin cancer risk behaviour in the short term.

Patient or Public Contribution

Participants involved in this study were members of the public (undergraduate students) who were involved in a skin cancer prevention intervention, then participated in semistructured interviews, which provided the data analysed for this study.
‘What are you hiding from me?’ A qualitative study exploring health consumer attitudes and experiences regarding the patient‐led recording of a hospital clinical encounter
Authors: Ryan Laura , Weir Kelly A. , Maskell Jessica , Bevan Lily , Le Brocque Robyne
Published: October 2022

Objective

Health consumers (patients, their family, friends and carers) are frequently using their smartphones to record hospital clinical encounters. However, there is limited research which has explored the social interaction surrounding this behaviour. Understanding the consumer perspective is key to informing policy and practice. This study explored consumer attitudes and experiences regarding patient‐led recordings.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were undertaken with 20 hospital consumers. Participants were recruited via advertising, posters and invitation letters. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings

Four main themes were identified relating to participant perspectives of patient‐led recordings: (1) consumers viewed clinician consent as important, although they reported different experiences of the consent process, (2) consumers indicated that a clinician refusing the recording had the potential to undermine the consumer–clinician relationship, (3) consumers were both uninformed and misinformed regarding relevant policy and legislation and (4) consumers expressed a number of expectations regarding their rights to record and of the health service in supporting this practice.

Conclusion

Consumers want to record their clinical encounters with the consent of their clinician but are unprepared to navigate consent discussions. Health services and clinicians should inform consumers who want to record about their rights and responsibilities, to support the consent process and safe recording environments. Clinician refusal to consent to a patient‐led recording may not lead to increased covert recording; however, clear communication about the reasons for refusing a recording is needed to protect the consumer–clinician relationship.

Patient or Public Contribution

A health consumer was part of the research team and was involved in all stages of this study, including the design, data analysis and reviewing of the manuscript.
The impact of COVID‐19‐related restrictions in 2020 on sexual healthcare use, pre‐exposure prophylaxis use, and sexually transmitted infection incidence among men who have sex with men in Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Authors: de la Court Feline , Boyd Anders , Coyer Liza , van den Elshout Mark , de Vries Henry J. C. , Matser Amy , Hoornenborg Elske , Prins Maria ,   the HIV Transmission Elimination AMsterdam, H‐TEAM) Consortium
Published: October 2022

Objectives

We studied the effects of restrictions related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2; coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID‐19]) pandemic on the use of sexual healthcare and pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and on the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in a prospective, open‐label PrEP demonstration study (AMPrEP) in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Methods

We retrieved data from 2019 to 2020 for participants with one or more study visit in 2019 (n = 305) and from two COVID‐19 questionnaires (2020: n = 203; 2021: n = 160). Analyses were stratified for three periods of pandemic‐related restrictions (first: 15 March 2020–15 June 2020; second: 16 June 2020–15 September 2020; third: 16 September 2020–31 December 2020 or 1 April 2021 for the COVID‐19 questionnaire). Endpoints included returning for care during the pandemic, PrEP use (increased/unchanged vs. deceased/stopped, relative to 2019), and any STI/HIV. We modelled determinants of care and PrEP use via multivariable logistic regression and STI incidence using piecewise Poisson regression, comparing the 2020 and 2019 periods.

Results

Of the 305 MSM included in the analysis, 72.8% returned for care during the pandemic, and this was significantly more likely among daily (vs. event‐driven) PrEP users (p < 0.001). Increased/unchanged PrEP use ranged from 55.2% to 58.1% across the three pandemic periods and was more likely among those reporting chemsex in the first (p = 0.001) and third (p = 0.020) periods and among those reporting an increased/unchanged number of sex partners during the second period (p = 0.010). STI incidence was significantly lower in 2020 than in 2019 during the first period (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28–0.68) and not significantly different during the second (IRR 1.38; 95% CI 0.95–2.00) and third (IRR 1.42; 95% CI 0.86–2.33) periods. No HIV was diagnosed.

Conclusion

COVID‐19‐related restrictions coincided with reduced care and PrEP use. Changes in STI incidence suggest delayed diagnoses. Ways to ensure continued access to sexual healthcare during restrictions are needed.
Influence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid irrigation on the regenerative endodontic procedure in an immature rat molar model
Authors: dos Reis‐Prado Alexandre Henrique , Oliveira Sabrina de Castro , Goto Juliana , Silva Gerluza Aparecida Borges , Cintra Luciano Tavares Angelo , de Mesquita Ricardo Alves , Szawka Raphael Escorsim , Ribeiro‐Sobrinho Antônio Paulino , Benetti Francine
Published: October 2022

Aim

To analyse the influence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the repair process in immature rat molars after a regenerative endodontic procedure (REP).

Methodology

The lower first molars of 12 4‐week‐old Wistar rats underwent pulpectomy in the mesial root and were divided into the following groups: sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl; n = 6) – the mesial canals were irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl for 5 min, and NaOCl‐EDTA (n = 6) – the canals were irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl, followed by 17% EDTA for 5 min each. After evoking bleeding using a size 10 K‐file, the cavities were sealed. Three molars on the untreated side were randomly used as control (control‐15 d; n = 3), and three molars from the other three rats untreated were used as immediate control (n = 3). After 15 days (NaOCl, NaOCl‐EDTA and control‐15 d groups) or immediately (control‐immediate), the animals were euthanized, and the teeth were subjected to histologic evaluation of tissue regeneration and presence of collagen fibres. Mann–Whitney U‐test was used (p < .05).

Results

The experimental groups had newly formed cementum‐like tissue and increased root length and thickness. Half of the specimens in NaOCl‐EDTA group showed apical foramen closure, whilst the NaOCl group had partial apical closure. The experimental groups showed inflammatory infiltrate extending mainly to the medium third of the root canal. These parameters were similar between experimental groups (p > .05). Newly formed connective tissue in the pulp space was significantly higher in the NaOCl‐EDTA group than in NaOCl group (p < .05). Regarding the collagen fibres, the NaOCl‐EDTA group had more collagen fibres in the root tip, but there was no significant difference compared to NaOCl group, and both groups showed greater amount of immature fibres in this area; in the centre of the apical third of root canal, there was equivalence between mature and immature fibres from both groups (p > .05).

Conclusions

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid irrigation improved newly formed intracanal connective tissue after REP in immature molars of rats; however, EDTA did not influence cementum‐like tissue formation, apical closure, inflammatory infiltrate and maturation of collagen fibres.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3–Ti(C,N)–cBN composites prepared by a novel hot‐forging process
Authors: Zhang Mengwen , Yang Lutong , Li Zhaosheng , Jiang Binyang
Published: October 2022

Al2O3–cBN has received considerable attention in the field of ceramic cutting tools due to its high hardness, high wear resistance, and low cost, but poor interfacial bonding affects the performance of the composite. In this study, a novel hot‐forging process was used to prepare high‐performance Al2O3–cBN composites using Ti(C,N) as a binder. The evolution of the morphology, phase, and microstructure of the hot‐forged Al2O3–Ti(C,N)–cBN composites was determined, and the mechanical properties were measured. The relative density of the composites increases significantly after hot forging, and the deformation of the composites increases with the hot‐forging temperature. The highest performing Al2O3–Ti(C,N)–cBN composite was prepared by hot forging at 1600°C and has a hardness of 20 GPa, a bending strength of 647 MPa and a fracture toughness of 5.37 MPa m1/2, which are superior to those of a directly hot‐pressed sintered composite. However, at hot‐forging temperatures higher than 1700°C, Al5O6N and TiB2 are formed in the composite. In the composite hot forged at 1800°C, serrated grain boundaries promote the strength and toughness of the composite to 877 MPa and 6.76 MPa m1/2, respectively. Therefore, the novel hot‐forging process is expected to enhance material properties.
A comprehensive narrative review of the cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID‐19
Authors: Arefinia Nasir , Ghoreshi Zohreh al‐sadat , Alipour Amir Hossein , Iranmanesh Behzad , Mehrolhasani Niloofar , Shamsi‐Meymandi Simin , Sarvari Jamal
Published: October 2022

The systemic and respiratory clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) include fever, coughing, sneezing, sore throat, rhinitis, dyspnea, chest pain, malaise, fatigue, anorexia and headache. Moreover, cutaneous manifestations have been reported in 0.2% to 20.4% of cases. Early diagnosis of COVID‐19 leads to a better prognosis; knowledge of its cutaneous manifestations is one way that may help fulfil this goal. In this review, PubMed and Medline were searched with the terms “dermatology”, “skin” and “cutaneous”, each in combination with “SARS‐CoV‐2” or “COVID‐19”. All articles, including original articles, case reports, case series and review articles published from the emergence of the disease to the time of submission, were included. In this comprehensive narrative review, we tried to provide an analysis of the cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID‐19, including maculopapular rash, urticaria, Chilblain‐like, vesicular lesions, livedo reticularis and petechiae in asymptomatic/symptomatic COVID‐19 patients that might be the first complication of infection after respiratory symptoms. Immune dysregulation, cytokine storms, side effects of antiviral drugs, environmental conditions and high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy might be involved in the pathogenesis of the cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19 patients. Therefore, knowledge of cutaneous COVID‐19 manifestations might be vital in achieving a quick diagnosis in some COVID‐19 patients, which would help control the pandemic. Further research is very much warranted to clarify this issue.
Doping and luminescence mechanisms of broadband NIR‐II emitting Zn2(1−x)Ni2xGa3Ge0.75O8 nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Yaqi , Yang Jian , Meng Yangqi , Wang Mingwei , Zhu Hancheng , Yan Duanting , Liu Chunguang , Xu Changshan , Liu Yuxue
Published: October 2022

In this study, Zn2(1−x)Ni2xGa3Ge0.75O8 (x = 0.0002, 0.001, 0.002, 0.010, 0.020, and 0.030) nanoparticles with broadband NIR‐II emissions were synthesized by a hydrothermal synthesis combined with a vacuum annealing. For the Ni2+‐doped ZGGO samples (x = 0–0.03), with increasing concentration, the particle shape gradually becomes spherical and the average particle size decreases from 124.4 to 74.2 nm. Meanwhile, for the ZGGO:Ni2+0.01 nanoparticles, the asymmetrically broad emission peak around 1290 nm, which is the superposition of the two peaks locating at 1280 and 1450 nm, can be observed and the afterglow time exceeds 30 min. Based on the spectral data, luminescence decay curves, first‐principles calculations, and Tanabe–Sugano theory, it is found that Ni2+ ions can occupy not only tetrahedral but also octahedral Zn2+ sites (locating in anti‐site defects pair) in the spinel ZGGO host, and they have the contributions to the 1450 and 1280 nm emission peaks, respectively. Furthermore, the surface‐modified ZGGO:Ni2+ nanoparticles exhibited good stability in the H2O and HSA (5% human serum albumin, pH = 7.4) solutions and the occurred agglomeration sinking in the SLS (simulate lysosomal solution, pH = 4.7) solution. Compared to the narrow‐band NIR‐II emitting persistent luminescence nanoparticles (ZGGO:Cr3+,Er3+ and ZGGO:Cr3+,Nd3+), broadband NIR‐II emitting persistent luminescence nanoparticles (ZGGO:Ni2+ NIR‐II) possess stronger persistent luminescence intensity and can effectively avoid the water absorption of biological tissues. Our results suggest that ZGGO:Ni2+ persistent luminescence nanoparticles have a potential to become optical probes for deep‐tissue autofluorescence‐free bioimaging in the biomedical field.
Resilience in adults with colorectal cancer: Refining a conceptual model using a descriptive qualitative approach
Authors: Luo Dan , Eicher Manuela , White Kate
Published: October 2022

Aims

To examine and refine a conceptual model of resilience in adult cancer care based on the perspectives and experiences of resilience in adults with colorectal cancer.

Design

A descriptive qualitative study was performed.

Methods

Twelve participants diagnosed with colorectal cancer that had completed cancer treatment with curative intent were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Australia from July to December 2019. The meaning of individual resilience was explored using in‐depth individual interviews. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Following data analysis, the elements of the conceptual model of resilience were mapped against the themes and subthemes to refine the model.

Results

Five themes were identified as key elements of individual resilience in adults with colorectal cancer: (1) seeking motivations to move forward; (2) striving for normality; (3) adapting and managing self; (4) drawing on external supports; (5) redefining self. A refined conceptual model of individual resilience in adults with colorectal cancer was developed based on the integration of the themes and the elements of the conceptual model of individual resilience.

Conclusions

Our refined conceptual model of individual resilience in adults with colorectal cancer could facilitate nurses’ and other health professionals' understanding of the process of how resilient individuals with colorectal cancer overcome their illness‐related adversity. This refined model may be used to further develop and test cancer‐specific resilience measures and develop interventions to facilitate resilience in people living with colorectal cancer.

Impact

This research identified five features of resilience in adults with colorectal cancer and refined a conceptual model of resilience in adults with colorectal cancer. The findings could help nurses and other health professionals with identifying individuals who are at risk of adaptation difficulties and contribute to an early referral to psychosocial support services.