bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strain‐Dependent Activity‐Stability Relations in RuO2 and IrO2 Oxygen Evolution Catalysts
Authors: Chaudhary Payal , Zagalskaya Alexandra , Over Herbert , Alexandrov Vitaly
Published: December 2023

Strain engineering is an effective strategy in modulating activity of electrocatalysts, but the effect of strain on electrochemical stability of catalysts remains poorly understood. In this work, we combine ab initio thermodynamics and molecular dynamics simulations to examine the role of compressive and tensile strain in the interplay between activity and stability of metal oxides considering RuO
and IrO
as exemplary catalysts. We reveal that although compressive strain leads to improved activity via the adsorbate‐evolving mechanism of the oxygen evolution reaction, even small strains should substantially destabilize these catalysts promoting dissolution of transition metals. In contrast, our results show that the metal oxides requiring tensile strain to promote their catalytic activity may also benefit from enhanced stability. Importantly, we also find that the detrimental effect of strain on electrochemical stability of atomically flat surfaces could be even greater than that of surface defects.
Development of the InSynQ checklist: A tool for planning and reporting the synthesis questions in systematic reviews of interventions
Authors: Cumpston Miranda S. , McKenzie Joanne E. , Ryan Rebecca , Flemyng Ella , Thomas James , Brennan Sue E.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Methods guidance and appraisal tools for systematic reviews require specification of the question and eligibility criteria for the review (“PICO for the review”). Less emphasis has been given to specifying the question and criteria for each synthesis (“PICO for each synthesis”), yet decisions about which studies to include in each synthesis can critically influence the utility and findings of a review. This paper describes the rationale and methods for developing the InSynQ (Intervention Synthesis Questions) tool for planning and reporting synthesis questions in reviews of interventions. The aim is to provide transparency about the basis of the tool and contribute to evidence on methods for developing guidance for research conduct and reporting.

Methods

Informed by EQUATOR Network methods, we (1) established a project group; (2) examined reporting of the “PICO for each synthesis” in published reviews; (3) reviewed existing reporting guidance and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions; (4) drafted items with elaboration, explanation, and examples; (5) conducted consultation meetings, an evaluation survey and pilot test; (6) incorporated feedback.

Results

Existing reporting guidelines do not distinguish the review and synthesis PICO, with limited coverage of the elements needed to specify the PICO for each synthesis. Using the PRISMA 2020 format, the draft tool contained 10 items with essential and additional reporting elements, explanations, and examples. Revisions arising from consultation meetings (>30 people), included adding an eleventh item on consumer and stakeholder involvement, a figure explaining PICO for each synthesis, and integrating examples into elements/explanations. All respondents to the survey (12 people) said the tool would help them plan or appraise synthesis questions. InSynQ is available at https://InSynQ.info.

Conclusion

Transparent reporting of the development process contributes to the evidence base for methods to develop guidance. It may improve uptake of InSynQ, in turn enhancing the clarity of syntheses.
Heterometallic AuI6AgI6 Macrocyclic Cluster Templated by a Supramolecular Melamine Dimer
Authors: Pei Xiao‐Li , Ma Cheng , Guan Zong‐Jie , Ni Shao‐Fei , Wang Quan‐Ming
Published: December 2023

The application of supramolecular templates in aligning atomically precise heterometal arrays is important for pursuing functional materials. Herein, we report that a bilayered supramolecular tri‐deprotonated melamine dimer functions as an effective template in the construction of a heterometallic gold(I)‐silver(I) macrocyclic cluster [μ6‐(C3N6H3)3−]2−AuI6AgI6. X‐ray single crystal structural analysis showed that a crown‐like AuI6AgI6 macrocycle is aligned around two parallelly stacked μ6‐(C3N6H3)3− moieties hold together with π–π interactions. Theoretical calculations revealed that the [μ6‐(C3N6H3)3−]2 motif dominantly contributes to the near‐occupied orbitals in the electronic structure, which is closely related to its luminescence properties. This work demonstrates that the supramolecular templates containing multiple symmetric binding sites may present a facile approach in the construction of functional metal clusters.
Borirenes and Boriranes: Development and Perspectives
Authors: Wang Junyi , Ye Qing
Published: December 2023

Strained compounds constitute a highly topical area of research in chemistry. Borirene and borirane both feature a BC2 three‐membered ring. They can be viewed as the structural analogues of cyclopropane and cyclopropene, where a CH2 unit of the carbonaceous counterparts is replaced with BH, respectively. Indeed, this structural variation introduces numerous intriguing aspects. For instance, borirane and borirene are both Lewis acidic due to the presence of a tricoordinate borane center. In addition, borirene is 2π aromatic according to Hückel's rule. In addition to their ability to form adducts with Lewis bases and the capacity of borirenes to act as ligands in coordination with metals, both borirenes and boriranes exhibit ring‐opening reactivity due to the considerable ring strain. Under specific conditions, coordinated boriranes can even cleave two BC bonds to serve as formal borylene sources (although the reaction mechanisms are quite complex). On the other hand, recent successful syntheses of benzoborienes and their carborane‐based three‐dimensional analogues (also referred to as carborane‐fused boriranes) have introduced novel perspectives to this field. For instance, they display excellent ring‐expanding reactivity, possibly attributed to the boosted ring strain arising from the fusion of borirenes with benzene and boriranes with o‐carborane. Importantly, their applications as valuable “BC2” synthons have become increasingly evident along with the newly disclosed reactivity. Additionally, the boosted Lewis acidity of carborane‐fused boriranes, thanks to the potent electron‐withdrawing effect of o‐carborane, combined with their readiness for ring enlargement, makes them promising candidates as electron‐accepting building blocks in the construction of chemically responsive luminescent materials. This review provides a summary of the synthesis and reactivity of borirene and borirane derivatives, with the aim of encouraging the design of new borierene‐ and borirane‐based molecules and inspiring further exploration of their potential applications.
Controlling pH‐Sensitive Chemical Reactions Pathways with Light ‐ a Tale of Two Photobases: an Arrhenius and a Brønsted
Authors: Yucknovsky Anna , Amdursky Nadav
Published: December 2023

Light‐gated chemical reactions allow spatial and temporal control of chemical processes. Here, we suggest a new system for controlling pH‐sensitive processes with light using two photobases of Arrhenius and Brønsted types. Only after light excitation do Arrhenius photobases undergo hydroxide ion dissociation, while Brønsted photobases capture a proton. However, none can be used alone to reversibly control pH due to the limitations arising from excessively fast or overly slow photoreaction timescales. We show here that combining the two types of photobases allows light‐triggered and reversible pH control. We show an application of this method in directing the pH‐dependent reaction pathways of the organic dye Alizarin Red S simply by switching between different wavelengths of light, i. e., irradiating each photobase separately. The concept of a light‐controlled system shown here of a sophisticated interplay between two photobases can be integrated into various smart functional and dynamic systems.
Sex and race differences in the performance of the European Society of Cardiology 0/1‐h algorithm with high‐sensitivity troponin T
Authors: Supples Michael W. , Snavely Anna C. , O'Neill James C. , Ashburn Nicklaus P. , Allen Brandon R. , Christenson Robert H. , Nowak Richard , Wilkerson R. Gentry , Mumma Bryn E. , Madsen Troy , Stopyra Jason P. , Mahler Simon A.
Published: December 2023

The diagnostic performance of the high‐sensitivity troponin T (hs‐cTnT) European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 0/1‐h algorithm in sex and race subgroups of US Emergency Department (ED) patients is unclear. A pre‐planned subgroup analysis of the STOP‐CP cohort study was conducted. Participants with 0‐ and 1‐h hs‐cTnT measures from eight US EDs (1/2017 to 9/2018) were stratified into rule‐out, observation, and rule‐in zones using the hs‐cTnT ESC 0/1 algorithm. The primary outcome was adjudicated 30‐day cardiac death or MI. The proportion with the primary outcome in each zone was compared between subgroups with Fisher's exact tests. The negative predictive value (NPV) of the ESC 0/1 rule‐out zone for 30‐day CDMI was calculated and compared between subgroups using Fisher's exact tests. Of the 1422 patients enrolled, 54.2% (770/1422) were male and 58.1% (826/1422) white with a mean age of 57.6 ± 12.8 years. At 30 days, cardiac death or myocardial infarction (MI) occurred in 12.9% (183/1422) of participants. Among patients stratified to the rule‐out zone, 30‐day cardiac death or MI occurred in 1.1% (5/436) of women versus 2.1% (8/436) of men (p = .40) and 1.2% (4/331) of non‐white patients versus 1.8% (9/490) of white patients (p = .58). The NPV for 30‐day cardiac death or MI was similar among women versus men (98.9% [95% confidence interval, CI: 97.3–99.6] vs. 97.9% [95% CI: 95.9–99.1]; p = .40) and among white versus non‐white patients (98.8% [95% CI: 96.9–99.7] vs. 98.2% [95% CI: 96.5–99.2]; p = .39). NPVs <99% in each subgroup suggest the hs‐cTnT ESC 0/1‐h algorithm may not be safe for use in US EDs. Trial Registration: High‐Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T to Optimize Chest Pain Risk Stratification (STOP‐CP; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02984436; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02984436).
Pressure Induced Alteration and Stabilization of Intermolecular Stacking in Square‐planar Osmium tetracarbonyl
Authors: Das Shovan , Pal Arun K. , Datta Ayan
Published: December 2023

Osmium carbonyls are well known to form stable 18‐electron complexes like Os(CO)5, Os2(CO)9 and Os3(CO)12 having both bridging and terminal carbonyls. For osmium tetra‐carbonyl, Os(CO)4 solid‐state packing significantly alters the ground‐state structure. The gas‐phase stable see‐saw geometry converts to a square‐planar structure in solid state. Highly efficient intermolecular stacking between Os(CO)4 units assists this transformation. Each Os(CO)4 molecule is stacked in a staggered orientation with respect to each other. Pressure induces a [Xe]4f145d66s2 (S=2)→[Xe]4f145d8 (S=0) electronic transition in osmium stabilize a square planar osmium tetra‐carbonyl. Under the influence of isotropic pressure, the molecules not only come closer to each other but their relative orientations also get significantly altered. Calculations show that at P=1 GPa and above, the eclipsed orientation for the intermolecular stacking gets preferred over the staggered form. The staggered→eclipsed intermolecular stacking orientation under pressure is shown to be controlled by London dispersion interactions.
Enforcing Local DNA Kinks by Sequence‐Selective Trisintercalating Oligopeptides of a Tricationic Porphyrin: A Polarizable Molecular Dynamics Study**
Authors: Gresh Nohad , El Hage Krystel , Lagardère Louis , Brégier Frédérique , Godard Jérémy , Piquemal Jean‐Philip , Perrée‐Fauvet Martine , Sol Vincent
Published: December 2023

Bisacridinyl‐bisarginyl porphyrin (BABAP) is a trisintercalating derivative of a tricationic porphyrin, formerly designed and synthesized in order to selectively target and photosensitize the ten‐base pair palindromic sequence d(CGGGCGCCCG)2. We resorted to the previously derived (Far et al., 2004) lowest energy‐minimized (EM) structure of the BABAP complex with this sequence as a starting point. We performed polarizable molecular dynamics (MD) on this complex. It showed, over a 150 ns duration, the persistent binding of the Arg side‐chain on each BABAP arm to the two G bases upstream from the central porphyrin intercalation site. We subsequently performed progressive shortenings of the connector chain linking the Arg‐Gly backbone to the acridine, from n=6 methylenes to 4, followed by removal of the Gly backbone and further connector shortenings, from n=4 to n=1. These resulted into progressive deformations (‘kinks’) of the DNA backbone. In its most accented kinked structure, the DNA backbone was found to have a close overlap with that of DNA bound to Cre recombinase, with, at the level of one acridine intercalation site, negative roll and positive tilt values consistent with those experimentally found for this DNA at its own kinked dinucleotide sequence. Thus, in addition to their photosensitizing properties, some BABAP derivatives could induce sequence‐selective, controlled DNA deformations, which are targets for cleavage by endonucleases or for repair enzymes.
Changes in the eating disorder voice over time and the association of voice characteristics at baseline with clinical symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Natali Ludovica , Ward Thomas , Rowlands Katie , Aya Viviana , Treasure Janet , Cardi Valentina
Published: December 2023

Objective

Patients with eating disorders report the experience of living with an eating disorder voice, a second‐ or third‐person, negative commentary about eating, weight, shape and their implications for self‐esteem. Qualitative and cross‐sectional studies suggest that the severity and characteristics of the eating disorder voice might play a role in the maintenance of eating disorder symptoms. The goal of this study was to expand the evidence base as to how the eating disorder voice changes over time and whether the characteristics of the voice are associated with changes in eating disorder symptoms during treatment.

Method

Seventy‐two patients with anorexia nervosa receiving intensive eating disorder treatment were recruited. They completed self‐report measures of eating disorder symptoms, psychological distress and eating disorder voice's severity and characteristics (e.g., malevolence, benevolence and omnipotence) at baseline and approximately 6 months later.

Results

Over time, patients reported lower levels of eating and weight concern (small effect size), shape concern (large effect size) and anxiety (small effect size).

They also reported a reduction in the severity, perceived malevolence (medium effect size) and omnipotence (small effect size) of the eating disorder voice. Greater severity and malevolence of the voice, and lower benevolence at baseline predicted greater reductions in eating disorder symptoms (i.e., restraint and shape concern).

Conclusion

Beliefs about the eating disorder voice (i.e., malevolence) and severity of the voice appear to be malleable to treatment and are associated with a reduction of eating disorder symptoms. The potential of using dialogical approaches to target the eating disorder voice is discussed.
Comparison of Different Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) and Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Diclofenac
Authors: Conte Francesco , Tommasi Matteo , Degerli Simge Naz , Forame Elia , Parolini Marco , De Felice Beatrice , Ramis Gianguido , Rossetti Ilenia
Published: December 2023

Diclofenac sodium salt was photodegraded by means of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as Fenton, photo‐Fenton and heterogeneous photocatalysis. For the latter different photocatalysts were compared, namely commercial titania P25 and titania metallized with gold (0.1 % Au/P25), silver (1 % Ag/P25) and palladium (0.1 % Pd/P25). Homogeneous treatments demonstrated effective in the degradation of the selected pollutant (>80 % conversion @2 h) when the irradiation occurred within the solution. Also, photo‐Fenton process assisted by visible light rather than UV was effective but slower and characterized by a toxicity of the residual solution due to unreacted H2O2. The photocatalyzed treatment performed at its best when P25 was used (70 % conversion @2 h), while modified photocatalysts reached the same conversion when H2O2 was added to the solution. Overall, in vitro toxicity tests using Daphnia Magna unveiled that the wastewater treated via M/TiO2 treatment and photo‐Fenton under UV in combination with H2O2 showed an acute toxicity comparable with the control group (almost 100 % viability @48 h). Conversely, the other processes failed to degrade completely either the pollutant or the hydrogen peroxide, leading to the mortality of 30–80 % of the individuals. An important outcome of the work is the direct comparison of different treatments to optimise the outcome, i. e. rapidity of degradation and non toxicity of the treated solution for living bodies.
Association of hard fescue (Festuca brevipila) stress tolerances with genome mapped markers
Authors: Bushman Bradley , Robbins Matthew , Qiu Yinjie , Watkins Eric , Hollman Andrew , Mihelich Nicole , Petrella Dominic , Breullin‐Sessoms Florence , Chou Ming‐Yi , Koch Paul
Published: December 2023

Hard fescue is an allo‐hexaploid, caespitose, cool‐season grass that is part of the fine‐leaved ovina complex of the Lolium–Festuca clade in Poaceae. It is predominantly used as a low‐maintenance turfgrass and soil stabilization grass in situations with reduced inputs of nitrogen and water. While often recommended for use under tree canopies, prolonged foliar shade can thin turf stands and reduce their functionality; furthermore, gray snow mold caused by Typhula incarnata can further affect hard fescue turfgrass functionality. In this study, we gathered a diverse population of hard fescue collections and varieties, which fit into four genetic structures. Because no genomic reference sequences exist for this species, a contig‐level pseudohaploid genomic reference was assembled from a plant of the hard fescue variety Beacon. With 98% benchmarking universal single‐copy orthologs (BUSCO) coverage from 241 contigs, this reference assembly was used to conduct genome‐wide association analysis. Thirty‐eight single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were associated with foliar shade response phenotypes, including SNPs near molybdate transporter and cytochrome P450 genes. Three SNP markers were associated with gray snow mold responses, with one located near a Protein Kinase G11 gene and corresponding to a 20% improvement in gray snow mold resistance.
Multiple physiological mechanisms involved in reproduction could be targeted for breeding heat tolerance in lima bean
Authors: Ernest Emmalea G. , Wisser Randall J.
Published: December 2023

With global warming, the impact of high‐temperature stress on crop production is one of the major issues facing agriculture. Combining a series of field and controlled environment experiments, the current study aimed at understanding causes of yield loss due to heat stress in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) in order to guide breeding for heat tolerance. A growth‐stage analysis of multi‐year field trials suggested that yields were reduced by sensitivity to heat during floral transition. High nighttime temperatures during this period were also associated with delayed pod set and subsequent harvest. These effects were validated in controlled environments, with additional tests revealing how nighttime heat stress generally reduces seeds per pod but can also reduce the number of pods set. Using an intra‐plant dual temperature treatment design for vegetative and reproductive organs, it was determined that effects on pollen viability and release are primary factors underlying heat stress‐associated yield losses in lima bean. Elevated nighttime temperatures did not reduce aboveground biomass, indicating the physiological basis for temperature sensitivity was not driven by a photosynthate deficit, but instead could be attributed to changes in source–sink dynamics. Still, the basis for sensitivity to heat differed among genotypes, opening new targets for a multi‐mechanistic breeding approach for heat tolerance.
Modeling and design of a photovoltaic‐fed single‐ended primary‐inductor converter for maximum power point tracking with current mode control
Authors: Rais Youssra , Mandal Kuntal , Zakriti Alia , Khamlichi Abdellatif , Al‐Numay Mohamed , El Aroudi Abdelali
Published: December 2023

In this work, the control of a Single‐Ended Primary‐Inductor Converter (SEPIC) supplied from a photovoltaic energy source and linked at its output to a DC current sink is addressed. The system is used for maximum power point tracking under varying environmental conditions. A strategy based on two loops of control is considered. A peak current mode controller is used for the inner loop, and a Proportional‐Integral (PI) controller is used for the outer voltage loop. Then, a comprehensive time‐domain and frequency‐domain modeling of the inner loop is theoretically addressed and then verified by the switched model of the system implemented in PSIM© software. The obtained results show that the system exhibits accurate tracking of the desired PV voltage while guaranteeing a fast maximum power point tracking under sudden changes in the environmental conditions. The mathematical modeling, design procedures, and the numerical simulations are validated using experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype.
Comprehensive characterization and preclinical assessment of an imidazopyridine‐based anticancer lead molecule
Authors: Bulbule Ratik Ramesh , Jadav Tarang , Rajput Niraj , Das Rudradip , Chatterjee Deep Rohan , Shard Amit , Sengupta Pinaki
Published: December 2023

Imidazopyridine scaffold holds significant pharmacological importance in the treatment of cancer. An in‐house synthesized imidazopyridine‐based molecule was found to have promising anticancer activity against breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer. The molecule is an inhibitor of pyruvate kinase M2, the enzyme that elevates tumor growth, metastasis and chemoresistance by directly controlling tumor cell metabolism. Screening of the physicochemical properties of any lead molecules is essential to avoid failure in late‐stage drug development. In this research, the physicochemical properties of the molecule including log P, log D, pKa, and plasma protein binding were assessed to check its drug‐likeness. Plasma and metabolic stability of the molecule were also evaluated. Moreover, pharmacokinetic profiles of the lead molecule in Sprague‐Dawley rats and in vitro metabolite identification studies were also performed. Finally, an in silico software, Pro‐Tox‐II, was used to predict toxicity of the molecule and its metabolites. Log P, Log D (pH 7.4), pKa, and plasma protein binding of the molecule were found to be 2.03%, 2.42%, 10.4%, and 98%, respectively. The molecule was stable in plasma and metabolic conditions. A total of nine new metabolites were identified and characterized. Cmax and t½ of this molecule were found to be 4016 ± 313.95 ng/mL and 9.57 ± 3.05 h, respectively. Based on the previously reported study and this finding, the molecule can be considered as a promising anticancer lead with potential drug‐likeness properties. Further preclinical and clinical drug discovery studies may be initiated in continuation of this study in search of a potential anticancer lead.
Sequence stratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental implications of Cenomanian–Santonian dinocyst assemblages from the Trans‐Sahara epicontinental seaway: a multivariate statistical approach
Authors: Usman Musa B. , Jolley David W. , Brasier Alexander T. , Boyce Adrian J.
Published: December 2023

The Cretaceous was punctuated by episodic flooding of continental margins forming epicontinental seas. The Trans‐Sahara Seaway was one of these epicontinental seas, connecting the Gulf of Guinea with the Tethys Ocean. In this study, data including microplankton abundances, stable carbon isotopes of organic material and elemental geochemistry were integrated with traditional sedimentological analyses from the Trans‐Sahara Seaway. The carbon isotopic data provide the first evidence that oceanic anoxic event 2 was present in the Trans‐Sahara Seaway, and palynology shows it was associated with an increase in peridinioid dinocyst abundance. A combined study of microplankton assemblages and sedimentology reveals palaeoenvironmental trends linked to sea‐level change. Lowstand system tracts were characterised by increased siliciclastic grain size, low microplankton diversity, and were dominated by Chlorophyceae. Transgressive system tracts were associated with diversity increases during rising sea level, with open marine gonyaulacoid dinocysts dominating the assemblages. Maximum flooding surfaces were recognised by the highest increase in biological diversity in argillaceous deposits. As sea level started to fall, the peridinioid dinocysts became dominant, with decreased microplankton diversity during highstand systems tracts. This combination of sedimentology and interpretation of dinocyst assemblages allows the identification of shallow to deeper marine depositional sequences of Cenomanian–Santonian strata within the Yola Sub‐basin. This approach could be used to delineate marine depositional sequences where using conventional sedimentological methods alone is very challenging.
Application of micro‐CT to resolve textural properties and assess primary sedimentary structures of deep‐marine sandstones
Authors: Cornard P. H. , Degenhart G. , Tropper P. , Moernaut J. , Strasser M.
Published: December 2023

Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in the sedimentological community to use micro X‐ray computed tomography to analyse microfacies in sediment cores. However, little attention has been paid to the application of micro‐computed tomography in lithified deposits, even though this can allow their texture to be characterised in three dimensions, providing key information about sedimentary structures. A novel application of micro‐computed tomography in lithified sediment‐gravity flow deposits is presented with the objective of characterising their internal 3D sedimentary structures. This technique is applied to three deep‐marine sandstones showing different compositional properties: Cretaceous Gosau Group (Austria), Eocene Hecho Group (Spain) and the Oligocene Annot Formation (France). From micro‐computed tomography data the size of particles and their distribution throughout the sample is reconstructed in 3D permitting a better visualisation of sedimentary textures. Particle distributions computed from micro‐computed tomography are similar to those computed from thin section image analysis, corroborating the reliability of the micro‐computed tomography to evaluate grain‐size trends. Micro‐computed tomography is complemented with micro‐X‐ray fluorescence and thin section petrographic analyses. In cases where mineral composition or grain size are homogeneous or matrix and grains have similar mineral composition, sedimentary structures do not appear visible from micro‐X‐ray fluorescence or thin section analyses. By separating particles based on their computed tomography density, it is possible to isolate the coarsest fraction, highlighting the sedimentary structures. This study demonstrates (i) the potential of micro‐computed tomography in analyses of sedimentary structures from outcrop data and (ii) the importance of the mineralogical composition and degree of grain sorting in assessing the origin of structureless deposits. Considering the importance of visualising sedimentary structures when interpreting depositional processes, micro‐computed tomography is a new and reliable tool to assess the physical properties of sandstones and to analyse their internal 3D sedimentary structures.
Comparing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pediatric and family medicine clinicians toward atypical anorexia nervosa versus anorexia nervosa
Authors: Kons Kelly , Essayli Jamal , Shook Jennifer
Published: December 2023

Objective

To investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and current practices of adolescent primary care providers regarding the epidemiology, clinical features, and diagnosis of atypical anorexia nervosa (AN) compared to AN.

Methods

An online survey was sent to the Pediatric and Family Medicine clinicians who provide medical care to adolescents. Statistical analyses compared differences in responses to questions about atypical AN versus AN.

Results

Relative to AN, participants (n = 67) were significantly less familiar with atypical AN, less likely to consider a diagnosis of atypical AN, less comfortable identifying atypical AN, less likely to counsel patients with atypical AN on health risks, less likely to refer patients with atypical AN to a specialist, and less likely to correctly identify atypical AN. Clinicians with more years in medical practice reported a significantly larger gap in familiarity between AN and atypical AN than clinicians with less than 5 years of practice.

Conclusions

Providers who care for adolescents appear to be less familiar with and less likely to identify atypical AN compared to AN. This knowledge gap may be more pronounced among clinicians with more years practicing medicine due to the novelty of atypical AN as a diagnosis. Lack of knowledge surrounding atypical AN risk factors may result in delayed diagnosis and associated poor health outcomes. Future research should investigate strategies that improve knowledge and screening of atypical AN in medical and other settings.

Public Significance

Pediatric and Family Medicine clinicians are less familiar with atypical anorexia nervosa (AN) and less likely to diagnose a patient with atypical AN relative to AN. Insufficient knowledge about atypical AN may place these individuals at increased risk for worsening restrictive eating and the physical and psychological consequences of malnutrition.
Effects of compositional heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation on richness and diversity in simulated landscapes
Authors: Tardanico Joseph , Hovestadt Thomas
Published: December 2023

Landscape structure plays a key role in mediating a variety of ecological processes affecting biodiversity patterns; however, its precise effects and the mechanisms underpinning them remain unclear. While the effects of landscape structure have been extensively investigated both empirically and theoretically from a metapopulation perspective, the effects of spatial structure at the landscape scale remain poorly explored from a metacommunity perspective. Here, we attempt to address this gap using a spatially explicit, individual‐based metacommunity model to explore the effects of landscape compositional heterogeneity and per se spatial configuration on diversity at the landscape and patch levels via their influence on long‐term community assembly processes. Our model simulates communities composed of species of annual, asexual organisms living, reproducing, dispersing, and competing within grid‐based, fractal landscapes that vary in their magnitude of spatial environmental heterogeneity and in their degree of spatial environmental autocorrelation. Communities are additionally subject to temporal environmental fluctuations and external immigration, allowing for turnover in community composition. We found that compositional heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation had differing effects on richness, diversity, and the landscape and patch scales. Landscape‐level diversity was driven by community dissimilarity at the patch level and increased with greater heterogeneity, while landscape richness was largely the result of the short‐term accumulation of immigrants and decreased with greater compositional heterogeneity. Both richness and diversity decreased in variance with greater compositional heterogeneity, indicating a reduction in community turnover over time. Patch‐level richness and diversity patterns appeared to be driven by overall landscape richness and local mass effects, resulting in maximum patch‐level richness and diversity at moderate levels of compositional heterogeneity and high spatial autocorrelation.
Impact of anaemia and iron deficiency on outcomes in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Obradovic Danilo , Loncar Goran , Zeymer Uwe , Pöss Janine , Feistritzer Hans‐Josef , Freund Anne , Jobs Alexander , Fuernau Georg , Desch Steffen , Ceglarek Uta , Isermann Berend , von Haehling Stephan , Anker Stefan D. , Büttner Petra , Thiele Holger
Published: December 2023

Aims

Anaemia and iron deficiency (ID) are common comorbidities in cardiovascular patients and are associated with a poor clinical status, as well as a worse outcome in patients with heart failure and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Nevertheless, data concerning the impact of anaemia and ID on clinical outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) are scarce. This study aimed to assess the impact of anaemia and ID on clinical outcomes in patients with CS complicating AMI.

Methods and results

The presence of anaemia (haemoglobin <13 g/dl in men and <12 g/dl in women) or ID (ferritin <100 ng/ml or transferrin saturation <20%) was determined in patients with CS due to AMI from the CULPRIT‐SHOCK trial. Blood samples were collected in the catheterization laboratory during initial percutaneous coronary intervention. Clinical outcomes were compared in four groups of patients having neither anaemia nor ID, against patients with anaemia with or without ID and patients with ID only. A total of 427 CS patients were included in this analysis. Anaemia without ID was diagnosed in 93 (21.7%), anaemia with ID in 54 study participants (12.6%), ID without anaemia in 72 patients (16.8%), whereas in 208 patients neither anaemia nor ID was present (48.9%). CS patients with anaemia without ID were older (73 ± 10 years, p = 0.001), had more frequently a history of arterial hypertension (72.8%, p = 0.01), diabetes mellitus (47.8%, p = 0.001), as well as chronic kidney disease (14.1%, p = 0.004) compared to CS patients in other groups. Anaemic CS patients without ID presence were at higher risk to develop a composite from all‐cause death or renal replacement therapy at 30‐day follow‐up (odds ratio [OR] 3.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.23–6.62, p < 0.001) than CS patients without anaemia/ID. The presence of ID in CS patients, with and without concomitant anaemia, did not increase the risk for the primary outcome (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.64–2.13, p = 0.64; and OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.59–1.73, p = 0.54; respectively) within 30 days of follow‐up. In time‐to‐event Kaplan–Meier analysis, anaemic CS patients without ID had a significantly higher hazard ratio (HR) for the primary outcome (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.52–2.89, p < 0.001), as well as for death from any cause (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.36–2.65, p < 0.001) and renal replacement therapy during 30‐day follow‐up (HR 2.99, 95% CI 1.69–5.31, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Concomitant anaemia without ID presence in patients with CS at hospital presentation is associated with higher risk for death from any cause or renal replacement therapy and the individual components of this composite endpoint within 30 days after hospitalization. ID has no relevant impact on clinical outcomes in patients with CS.
Automized inline monitoring in perfused mammalian cell culture by MIR spectroscopy without calibration model building
Authors: Marienberg Hannah , Desch Nicole , Mozin Vitalii , Sykora‐Mirle Lorenz , Müller Anja , Roth Andreas , Käfer Mathias , Neef Rüdiger
Published: December 2023

Process Analytical Technologies (PATs) are taking a key role in the run for automatization in the biopharmaceutical industry. Spectroscopic methods such as Raman spectroscopy or mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy are getting more recognition in the recent years for inline monitoring of bioprocesses due to their ability to measure various molecules simultaneously. However, their dependency on laborious model calibration making them a challenge to implement. In this study, a novel one‐point calibration that requires a single reference point prior to the inline monitoring of glucose and lactate in bioprocesses with MIR spectroscopy is assessed with 22 mammalian cell perfusion (PER) processes in two different scales and four different products. Concentrations are predicted over all PERs runs with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.29 g/L for glucose and 0.24 g/L for lactate, respectively. For comparison conventional partial least square regression (PLSR) models were used and trained with spectroscopic data from six bioreactor runs in two different scales and three products. The general accuracy of those models (RMSE of 0.41 g/L for glucose and 0.16 g/L for lactate) are in the range of the accuracy of the one‐point calibration. This shows the potential of the one‐point calibration as an approach making spectroscopy more accessible for bioprocess development.
Tissue‐derived highly compressible anisotropic carbon aerogels with aligned fibrous matrices for solid‐state rechargeable zinc‐cobalt‐air hybrid batteries
Authors: Park Ye‐Eun , Park Seung‐Hee , Ahn Sung Hoon
Published: December 2023

The rising demand for wearable zinc‐air batteries encounters challenges in balancing electrochemical performance and mechanical resilience. Elastic carbon aerogels in air cathodes necessitate a metal content constraint of less than 3 wt.%, adversely impacting catalytic activity optimization. This study presents a novel fabrication method for fibrous carbon aerogels with high compressive resilience and extraordinary catalytic performance. An external layer of graphene shells and carbon nanotubes integrated onto the fibrous carbon matrix mitigates metallic species diffusion. This confinement ensures exceptional bi‐catalytic activity for oxygen‐involved redox reactions without compromising ultra‐elasticity. With high cobalt content in the aerogel cathode, it exhibits minimal voltage gaps during charge–discharge cycles, showcasing unique zinc‐cobalt‐air hybrid battery characteristics. It sustains exceptional elasticity in repeated testing, achieving approximately 79.2% round‐trip efficiency over a 60‐h cycle test, underscoring its potential as a wearable energy storage device.

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Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Australian Waterbirds
Authors: Nzabanita Damien , Shen Hao , Grist Stephen , Lewis Phoebe J. , Hampton Jordan O. , Firestone Simon M. , Hufschmid Jasmin , Nugegoda Dayanthi
Published: December 2023

There is growing worldwide recognition of the threat posed by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to wildlife populations. We aimed to measure exposure levels to POPs in a Southern Hemisphere aquatic waterbird species, the nomadic gray teal (Anas gracilis), which is found across Australia. We collected wings from 39 ducks harvested by recreational hunters at two sites (one coastal, one inland) in Victoria, southeastern Australia, in 2021. We examined three groups of POPs: nine congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The PCBs, OCPs, and PAHs were detected at quantifiable levels in 13%, 72%, and 100% of birds, respectively. Of the congeners we tested for in PCBs, OCPs, and PAHs, 33%, 38%, and 100% were detected at quantifiable levels, respectively. The highest levels of exposure to POPs that we found were to the PAH benzo[b]fluoranthene, occurring at a concentration range of 1.78 to 161.05 ng/g wet weight. There were some trends detected relating to differences between geographical sites, with higher levels of several PAHs at the coastal versus inland site. There were several strong, positive associations among PAHs found. We discuss potential sources for the POPs detected, including industrial and agricultural sources, and the likely role of large-scale forest fires in PAH levels. Our results confirm that while Australian waterbirds are exposed to a variety of POPs, exposure levels are currently relatively low. Additional future investigations are required to further characterize POPs within Australian waterbird species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:736–747. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Embryonic Exposure to Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer 327 Alters Behavior of Rainbow Trout Alevin
Authors: Eriksson Andreas N. M. , Dubiel Justin , Zink Lauren , Lu Zhe , Doering Jon A. , Wiseman Steve
Published: December 2023

Benzotriazole ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers (BUVSs) are used in great quantities during industrial production of a variety of consumer and industrial goods. As a result of leaching and spill, BUVSs are detectable ubiquitously in the environment. As of May 2023, citing concerns related to bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and environmental persistence, (B)UV(S)-328 was recommended to be listed under Annex A of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. However, a phaseout of UV-328 could result in a regrettable substitution because the replacement chemical(s) could cause similar or unpredicted toxicity in vivo, relative to UV-328. Therefore, the influence of UV-327, a potential replacement of UV-328, was investigated with respect to early life development of newly fertilized rainbow trout embryos (Oncorhynchus mykiss), microinjected with environmentally relevant concentrations of UV-327. Developmental parameters (standard length), energy consumption (yolk area), heart function, blue sac disease, mortality, and behavior were investigated. Alevins at 14 days posthatching, exposed to 107 ng UV-327 g−1 egg, presented significant signs of hyperactivity; they moved on average 1.8-fold the distance and at 1.5-fold the velocity of controls. Although a substantial reduction in body burden of UV-327 was observed at hatching, it is postulated that UV-327, due to its lipophilic properties, interfered with neurological development and signaling from the onset of neurogenesis. If these results hold true across multiple taxa and species, a potential contributor to neurodevelopmental disorders might have been identified. These findings suggest that UV-327 poses an unknown hazard to rainbow trout embryos and alevins, rendering UV-327 a potential regrettable substitution to UV-328. However, a qualified statement on a regrettable substitution requires a comparative investigation on the teratogenic effects between the two BUVSs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:762–771. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Classification of MDD using a Transformer classifier with large‐scale multisite resting‐state fMRI data
Authors: Dai Peishan , Zhou Ying , Shi Yun , Lu Da , Chen Zailiang , Zou Beiji , Liu Kun , Liao Shenghui ,   The REST‐meta‐MDD Consortium
Published: December 2023

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide with high recurrence rate. Identifying MDD patients, particularly those with recurrent episodes with resting‐state fMRI, may reveal the relationship between MDD and brain function. We proposed a Transformer‐Encoder model, which utilized functional connectivity extracted from large‐scale multisite rs‐fMRI datasets to classify MDD and HC. The model discarded the Transformer's Decoder part, reducing the model's complexity and decreasing the number of parameters to adapt to the limited sample size and it does not require a complex feature selection process and achieves end‐to‐end classification. Additionally, our model is suitable for classifying data combined from multiple brain atlases and has an optional unsupervised pre‐training module to acquire optimal initial parameters and speed up the training process. The model's performance was tested on a large‐scale multisite dataset and identified brain regions affected by MDD using the Grad‐CAM method. After conducting five‐fold cross‐validation, our model achieved an average classification accuracy of 68.61% on a dataset consisting of 1611 samples. For the selected recurrent MDD dataset, the model reached an average classification accuracy of 78.11%. Abnormalities were detected in the frontal gyri and cerebral cortex of MDD patients in both datasets. Furthermore, the identified brain regions in the recurrent MDD dataset generally exhibited a higher contribution to the model's performance.
SMARCB1 (INI1)‐deficient sinonasal carcinoma manifesting as oral lesions: A report of two cases
Authors: Fuoco Jessie , Huang Michelle , Esfandiari Najmeh , MacMillan Christina , Ali Aiman , Dave Kanan , Freilich Marshall , Magalhaes Marco
Published: December 2023

Background

Sinonasal carcinomas represent a rare group of malignancies, accounting for less than 5% of all head and neck cancers and a worldwide incidence of less than 1 case per 100 000 inhabitants annually. Despite the restricted anatomical location, sinonasal carcinomas harbor some of the most histologically and molecularly diverse groups of tumors. SMARCB1 (INI1)‐deficient sinonasal carcinomas are locally aggressive tumors commonly detected late, leading to devastating morbidity and mortality.

Case Report

We present two cases of SMARCB1‐deficient sinonasal carcinoma involving the oral cavity and presenting as progressive radiolucent lesions with local swelling associated with maxillary dentition and alveolar bone. Both cases were initially considered odontogenic in origin and involved the destruction of the left anterior maxilla.

Conclusion

Given the rarity and the variable presentation of these tumors, they pose a challenge for head and neck surgeons, dentists, and pathologists due to the potential overlapping features with odontogenic and non‐odontogenic inflammatory and neoplastic lesions. These cases highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary team and include SMARCB1‐deficient sinonasal carcinomas in the differential diagnosis of destructive lesions of the maxilla.
Computerised health interventions targeting Australian veterans and their families: A scoping review
Authors: McMahon Bryce , Guindalini Camila , Mellor Rebecca
Published: December 2023

Issue Addressed

Australian veterans suffer higher rates of both mental and physical health conditions than civilians, yet many do not seek treatment. Computerised Interventions (CIs) may provide an alternative approach to management, which can overcome some barriers to treatment uptake. We aim to evaluate the scope and quality of CIs designed specifically for Australian veterans and their families.

Methods

A manual search of the Department of Veterans' Affairs and other Ex‐service organisation websites was performed to map and describe CIs for Australian veterans and their families, followed by a scoping review of four databases to identify evaluations of relevant CIs.

Results

Our search identified 10 CIs specific to Australian veterans and their families. The majority were structured, self‐guided CIs, designed to elicit cognitive/behavioural change that addressed mental health and psychosocial needs during transition. Three evaluations examined previously identified CIs. The results showed mixed reviews from participants and clinicians, in two separate evaluations, regarding user experience, quality and perceived benefit. In addition, positive psychological outcomes, including the reduction of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, were demonstrated for participants of the online intervention.

Conclusion

While Australian veteran‐centric online interventions primarily focus on psychological conditions, the prevalent physical health concerns within the veteran population remain unaddressed. Additionally, despite the documented impact of military experience on family members, there is a lack of specific Australian interventions designed for families. Few tools have been formally evaluated, yet show promise as supportive self‐directed resources for veterans with PTSD, and for navigating transition challenges.

So What?

Further development of online interventions addressing prevalent physical and family needs, and conduction of comprehensive evaluations are needed to enhance overall quality, accessibility and holistic effectiveness of interventions for the Australian veteran community.