bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A machine learning tool for identifying newly diagnosed heart failure in individuals with known diabetes in primary care
Authors: Wändell Per , Carlsson Axel C. , Eriksson Julia , Wachtler Caroline , Ruge Toralph
Published: October 2024

Aims

We aimed to create a predictive model utilizing machine learning (ML) to identify new cases of congestive heart failure (CHF) in individuals with diabetes in primary health care (PHC) through the analysis of diagnostic data.

Methods

We used a sex‐ and age‐matched case–control design. Cases of new CHF were identified across all outpatient care settings 2015–2022 (n = 9098). We included individuals 30 years and above, by sex and age groups of 30–65 years and >65 years. The controls (five per case) were sampled from the individuals in 2015–2022 without CHF at any time between 2010 and 2022, in total 45 490. From the stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) technique model, we obtained a rank of the 10 most important factors related to newly diagnosed CHF in individuals with diabetes, with the normalized relative influence (NRI) score and a corresponding odds ratio of marginal effects (ORME). Area under curve (AUC) was calculated.

Results

For women 30–65 years and >65 years, we identified 488 and 3240 new cases of CHF, respectively, and men 30–65 years and >65 years 1196 and 4174 new cases. Among the 10 most important factors in the four groups (divided by sex and lower and higher age) for newly diagnosed CHF, we found the number of visits 12 months before diagnosis (NRI 44.3%–55.9%), coronary artery disease (NRI 2.9%–7.8%), atrial fibrillation and flutter (NRI 6.6%–12.2%) and ‘abnormalities of breathing’ (ICD‐10 code R06) (NRI 2.6%–4.4%) were predictive in all groups. For younger women, a diagnosis of COPD (NRI 2.7%) contributed to the predictive effect, while for older women, oedema (NRI 3.1%) and number of years with diabetes (NRI 3.5%) contributed to the predictive effect. For men in both age groups, chronic renal disease had predictive effect (NRI 3.9%–5.1%) The model prediction of CHF among patients with diabetes was high, AUC around 0.85 for the four groups, and with sensitivity over 0.783 and specificity over 0.708 for all four groups.

Conclusions

An SGB model using routinely collected data about diagnoses and number of visits in primary care, can accurately predict risk for diagnosis of heart failure in individuals with diabetes. Age and sex difference in predictive factors warrant further examination.
Convenient Aqueous‐Phase Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Anhydrous Proton Conduction
Authors: Tao Haiyan , Jia Shuping , Dong Weixiong , Abdukayum Abdukader , Zhao Lifeng
Published: October 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a kind of emerging materials has been widely concerned. Developing and recovering new COF materials is of great importance for anhydrous proton conduction, most of the synthesis methods are not organic solvent phase or convenient enough, which would inevitably lead to solvent waste and increase environmental burden. Herein, a method of COF synthesis in aqueous phase is developed, which is used for nonpolluting and sustainable fabrication. Benefits from the suitable channels and stability of HCOF‐1, the composite material H3PO4@HCOF‐1 exhibit high proton conductivity (1.29 × 10−4 S cm−1) at 413 K and the crystallinity of HCOF‐1 is maintained well after measurements. This work broadens the scope of COF synthesis and promotes the development of anhydrous proton conduction.
An Experimental Investigation on Synthesis, Characterization, and Photothermal Conversion Efficiency of Stable Aqueous Nanofluids Containing Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Direct Absorption Solar Collectors
Authors: George John , Sadanandan Sreekanth Meledath
Published: October 2024

The nanofluids are the potential substitute in solar collectors as working fluids for better photothermal conversion efficiency. The present investigation focuses on the development of aqueous‐based nanofluids comprising multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with and without surfactants to enhance the capacity of photothermal conversion in direct absorption solar collectors. To improve the stability of the nanofluid, the gum Arabic (GA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are used as the surfactants. The stable nanofluid was characterized using UV‐visible spectroscopy, zeta potential, fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The results indicated that the thermal conductivity was enhanced by 94.57% and 91.19% for the MWCNT/GA/deionized (DI) water and MWCNTs/PVA/DI water based nanofluids in presence of surfactants at 90 °C and 0.02 wt%. The presence of surfactant in MWCNTs/DI water nanofluids exhibit excellent stability and enhanced MWCNTs dispersion. In the photothermal response analysis, the highest temperature of 62.8 °C, which is 16 °C higher than the base fluid, is obtained from 0.02wt% MWCNT/GA nanofluid. The highest efficiency of 27.94% is recorded when 0.02wt% MWCNT/GA nanofluid is used, which shows 71.24% enhancement as compared to the DI water after exposure of 30 minutes under solar irradiation. The use of MWCNTs/GA nanofluid as light‐absorbing working fluids in solar collectors is encouraged in the present investigation.
Production and recycling of blast furnace slag: A life cycle assessment approach in India
Authors: Meshram Rohit B. , Sahoo Kanai L. , Yadav Ganapati D. , Marathe Kumudini V.
Published: October 2024

This article investigated the cradle‐to‐gate environmental impact of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) produced in the steel industry and replacement of blast furnace (BF) slag (50%) in place of clinker in Portland slag cement using GaBi software (Indian extension database). In case of GBFS production, maximum burden on the environment is due to BF slag production and the amount of electricity consumed (161 MJ/ton) during the granulation process. The influence of electricity sources on GBFS production was studied via scenario analysis. For investigation, solar and thermal electricity mixes were considered in 50:50 and 75:25 ratios. For the 75:25 ratios, the abiotic depletion potential (fossil), acidification, eutrophication, global warming, and human toxicity potential show a decreasing trend of approximately 45%, 49%, 48%, 46%, and 41%, respectively. The scenario analysis of BF slag transportation (from 100 to 750 km) demonstrates a negative impact due to fuel. The results quantitatively confirm that the addition of GBFS can lower the overall impact for construction and steel industries.
A Relaxation Scheme for the Simulation of Two‐Phase Flows With Inaccessible Pore Volume in Polymer Flooding
Authors: Berthon C. , Braconnier B. , Dongmo Nguepi G. L. , Preux C. , Tran Q. H.
Published: October 2024

The simulation of polymer injection in a reservoir is of paramount importance in enhanced oil recovery. Despite decades of research, the computation of polymer flows in porous media remains a challenging task. The main difficulty lies in the necessity to take into account the effect of inaccessible pore volumes (IPV), for which standard closure laws give rise to a weakly hyperbolic or even non‐hyperbolic system. In the latter case, exponential instabilities may appear at the continuous level, which must be addressed at the discrete level so as to prevent a premature stop of the numerical simulations. The notion of IPV was introduced by engineers in order to account for the following observation: when a polymer solution is injected into an initial core saturated with water, the breakthrough of the polymer at the exit occurs before that of the water in which it is injected. It seems that due to their large size, the polymer molecules cannot insinuate themselves into all pores as well as water. Having less volume to flood, the polymer molecules see their speed increased, hence the ad hoc acceleration factor associated with the polymer. In this work, we propose a relaxation method that guarantees some practical robustness for all IPV laws. This is achieved by replacing the original system by a relaxation model which is always hyperbolic. The designed relaxation model involves two parameters which enable us not only to adjust the correct amount of numerical dissipation, but also to ensure positivity for some critical quantities such as water saturation and polymer concentration. Extensive numerical tests are performed in order to compare the relaxation scheme to the more classical upwind scheme for several IPV laws.
An expository analysis of biomechanical and subjective impacts induced by shoe inserts in asymptomatic subjects: A systematic review on functionality and mechanisms of action
Authors: Ahmad Waseem , Alam Md Sarfaraz
Published: October 2024

This systematic review explores the biomechanical and subjective effects of shoe inserts, including foot orthotics (FOs) and insoles, in asymptomatic subjects. Aimed at understanding their implications, the review poses two key research questions: (i) the influence of shoe inserts on lower extremity biomechanics and subjective perception and (ii) the effects of different design characteristics on these aspects. Following Preferred Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines, a meticulous search of Scopus and PubMed from August 2022 to March 2023 yielded 34 articles, with 26 focusing on biomechanical effects and eight on comfort effects. The studies, conducted during static and dynamic activities, such as standing, walking, jogging, running, jumping, and cycling, reveal significant reductions in rearfoot eversion, knee joint forces, and lower extremity muscle forces through postings and wedging in FOs. Changes in stiffness impact rearfoot kinematics, plantar pressure distribution, and ankle–foot power distribution. Conversely, surface texture and arch variations demonstrate limited significance. FOs and shoe inserts, characterized by geometric, material, location, size, and fabrication features, effectively regulate forces and moments on the lower extremity. This control promotes uniform plantar pressure distribution and enhances comfort during various activities. These insights benefit manufacturers, clinicians, and stakeholders, providing a deeper understanding of the positive benefits of FOs and shoe inserts. However, further well‐designed studies on clinical populations are necessary to validate these findings and establish their clinical efficacy, as the current focus remains on healthy subjects.
Family First: An Integrative Conceptual Review of Nepotism in Organizations
Authors: Schilpzand Pauline , Lagios Constantin , Restubog Simon Lloyd D.
Published: October 2024

Workplace nepotism, the preferential treatment based on kinship or familial ties, is a pervasive phenomenon that permeates every corner of our global workforce, transcending cultures, countries, industries, and organizations. Despite its ubiquitous presence, research on nepotism remains fragmented and scattered, with diverse disciplines seldom converging or cross‐referencing one another. In this integrative review, we synthesize, integrate, and critically assess the extant body of knowledge about workplace nepotism. Our aim is to provide HR scholars with a panoramic view of the known, the unknown, and the uncharted territories to move the field forward. To this end, we first provide a clear conceptualization of nepotism, setting it apart from closely related constructs. Second, we offer a comprehensive review of empirical evidence that summarizes the antecedents, consequences, and theoretical foundations of nepotism. Importantly, our review adopts an actor‐centric perspective, advocating that three main sets of actors are meaningfully involved in nepotism (i.e., instigators, beneficiaries, and third parties), thereby contributing to theory by showing that nepotism may differentially relate to outcomes depending on which actor's perspective is taken. Third, we identify the shortcomings related to theory, methods, and measures, while identifying best practices. In particular, we offer insights into how future scholarship may meaningfully extend this literature. Finally, we provide evidence‐based guidelines for how organizations and their leaders may develop and refine their policies regarding the hiring, promotion, evaluation, and compensation of family members and relatives.
The rising tide of tuberculosis in Pakistan: Factors, impact, and multi‐faceted approaches for prevention and control
Authors: Ullah Hamid , Ahmed Hafsa , Salman Ariba , Iqbal Rabia , Hussaini Sayed Jawad , Malikzai Abdullah
Published: October 2024

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern in Pakistan, which is ranked fifth among high‐burden TB nations worldwide. The growing frequency of drug‐resistant TB strains, particularly multidrug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB), creates new obstacles. Socioeconomic factors, a lack of awareness, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure all contribute to the spread of the disease.

Objective

This study investigates the mechanisms contributing to the growth in tuberculosis cases in Pakistan, the implications for public health, and multifaceted approaches to prevention and control.

Methods

A comprehensive literature study was undertaken, including an analysis of peer‐reviewed articles, World Health Organization (WHO) data, and government sources, to identify factors driving tuberculosis prevalence, control issues, and disease‐fighting tactics.

Result: Several factors like Poverty, overcrowding, malnutrition, stigma, and restricted access to healthcare services are all factors contributing to an increase in tuberculosis incidence in Pakistan. The prevalence of MDR‐TB, along with a lack of an integrated healthcare response, complicates efforts to contain the disease's spread. Tuberculosis has a profound social, mental, and financial impact on individuals and communities. Public health efforts, such as the National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP) and international partnerships, have been created to eradicate tuberculosis, although considerable hurdles persist.

Objective

This study investigates the mechanisms contributing to the growth in tuberculosis cases in Pakistan, the implications for public health, and multifaceted approaches to prevention and control.
Pharmacogenomics revolutionizing cardiovascular therapeutics: A narrative review
Authors: Inshutiyimana Samuel , Ramadan Nagham , Razzak Rawane Abdul , Al Maaz Zeina , Wojtara Magda , Uwishema Olivier
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim

Among the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), heart failure, hypertension, and myocardial infarction are associated with the greatest number of disability‐adjusted life years due to lifestyle changes and the failure of therapeutic approaches, especially the one‐size‐fits‐all interventions. As a result, there has been advances in defining genetic variants responsible for different responses to cardiovascular drugs such as antiplatelets, anticoagulants, statins, and beta‐blockers, which has led to their usage in guiding treatment plans. This study comprehensively reviews the current state‐of‐the‐art potential of pharmacogenomics in dramatically altering CVD treatment. It stresses the applicability of pharmacogenomic technology, the threats associated with its adoption in the clinical setting, and proffers relevant solutions.

Methods

Literature search strategies were used to retrieve articles from various databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost. Articles with information relevant to pharmacogenomics, DNA variants, cardiovascular diseases, sequencing techniques, and drug responses were reviewed and analyzed.

Results

DNA‐based technologies such as next generation sequencing, whole genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing, and targeted segment sequencing can identify variants in the human genome. This has played a substantial role in identifying different genetic variants governing the poor response and adverse effects associated with cardiovascular drugs. Thus, this has reduced patients' number of emergency visits and hospitalization.

Conclusion

Despite the emergence of pharmacogenomics, its implementation has been threatened by factors including patient compliance and a low adoption rate by clinicians. Education and training programs targeting both healthcare professionals and patients should be established to increase the acceptance and application of the emerging pharmacogenomic technologies in reducing the burden of CVDs.
Beyond the numbers: Impact of obesity on obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) outcomes in women
Authors: Rotem Reut , Galvin Daniel , McCormack Kate , O'Sullivan Orfhlaith E. , Hayes‐Ryan Deirdre
Published: October 2024

Objective

To compare the risk profiles, anatomical, and functional outcomes between obese and non‐obese women who experienced obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI).

Methods

A retrospective electronic database study was conducted at Cork University Maternity Hospital (CUMH). Women with missing data/repairs conducted outside CUMH were excluded. Participants were categorized into obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and non‐obese (BMI <30 kg/m2) groups. Primary measure was a composite adverse outcome assessed 6 months post‐delivery, including one or more of the following: resting pressure <40 mmHg, squeezing pressure <100 mmHg, defects in the internal and/or external anal sphincter. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 28.

Results

Among the 349 women included in the study, 285 (81.7%) had a BMI <30 kg/m2 and 64 (18.3%) had a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Gestational diabetes was significantly higher in obese women. No significant differences were observed in newborn weight or mode of delivery. The majority of tears were classified as grade 3B in both groups. Attendance rates at the OASI clinic did not differ between the groups. Among those attending, no statistical differences were noted in manometry results, which were reduced in both groups. Rates of internal anal sphincter defects were lower in the obese group (7.0% vs 15.6%, P = 0.15) and external anal sphincter defects were significantly lower in obese women (0% vs 9.1%, P = 0.04). No difference was found in the rates of composite adverse outcomes between the groups.

Conclusion

Functional outcomes and manometry results did not differ, but non‐obese women had higher rates of anatomical defects in OASI, requiring further study.
In Vivo Imaging and Evaluation of Corneal Biomechanics After Corneal Transplantation by Optical Coherence Elastography
Authors: Shi Gang , Zhang Yubao , Ai Sizhu , Wang Yidi , Li Yingji , He Xingdao , Zheng Xinhe
Published: October 2024

Postoperative corneal biomechanical evaluation is of great significance in clinical monitoring and management since corneal transplantation is one of the main methods to improve visual function. In this paper, we propose an OCE system based on a small ultrasound transducer to realize the in vivo detection of postoperative corneal elasticity in different directions. It was first validated and analyzed by different agar, and then the elasticity changes in normal cornea and post‐transplant corneal implants and implant beds were further investigated. Compared with normal corneas, the shear wave velocity of the postoperative cornea decreased from 7.42 ± 1.71 m/s to 4.95 ± 0.35 m/s. Meanwhile, the shear wave velocity of the corneal implant bed was lower than that of the implanted sheet. Therefore, this study reports the first biomechanical measurement of corneal grafts based on the OCE technique, which might provide a potential tool for the postoperative evaluation of clinical patients.
Polyethylene Glycol‐Based Hydrogel as a 3D Extracellular Matrix Mimic for Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Authors: Tolentino M. A. Kristine , Seyedzadeh Mir Hadi , Peres Newton Gil , Du Eric Yiwei , Zhu Lin , Gaus Katharina , Goyette Jesse , Gooding J. Justin
Published: October 2024

Three‐dimensional (3D) in vitro models enable us to understand cell behavior that is a better reflection of what occurs in vivo than 2D in vitro models. As a result, developing 3D models for extracellular matrix (ECM) has been growing exponentially. Most of the efforts for these 3D models are geared toward understanding cancer cells. An intricate network of cells that engages with cancer cells and can kill them are the immune cells, particularly cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, limited reports are available for 3D ECM mimics to understand CTL dynamics. Currently, we lack ECM mimetic hydrogels for immune cells, with sufficient control over variables, such as stiffness, to fully understand CTL dynamics in vitro. Here, we developed PEG‐based hydrogels as ECM mimics for CTLs. The ECM mimics are targeted to mimic the stiffness of soft tissues where CTLs reside, migrate, and deliver their function. To understand cell‐material interaction, we determined the porosity, biocompatibility, and stiffness of the ECM mimics. The ECM mimics have median pore sizes of 10.7 and 13.3 μm, close to the average nucleus size of CTLs (~8.6 μm), and good biocompatibility to facilitate cell migration. The stiffness of the ECM mimics corresponds to biologically relevant microenvironments such as lungs and kidneys. Using time‐lapse fluorescence microscopy, 3D cell migration was imaged and measured. CTLs migrated faster in softer ECM mimic with larger pores, consistent with previous studies in collagen (the gold standard ECM mimic for CTLs). The work herein demonstrates that the PEG‐based ECM mimic can serve as an in vitro tool to elucidate the cell dynamics of CTLs. Thus, this study opens possibilities to study the mechanics of CTLs in well‐defined ECM mimic conditions in vitro.
Viscoelastic Hydrogel Modulates Phenotype of Macrophage‐Derived Multinucleated Cells and Macrophage Differentiation in Foreign Body Reactions
Authors: Fang Josephine Y. , Yang Zhi , Hu Wei , Hoang Ba Xuan , Han Bo
Published: October 2024

Biomaterial‐induced macrophage‐derived multinucleated cells (MNCs) are often observed at or near material implantation sites, yet their subtypes and roles in tissue repair and wound healing remain unclear. This study compares material‐induced MNCs to cytokine‐induced MNCs using both in vitro and in vivo models. 3D‐embedded Raw264.7 cells and rat bone marrow‐derived monocytes (BMDMs), with or without cytokines such as IL‐4 and RANKL, were characterized for their MNC morphologies and subtypes via in situ immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Macrophage polarization and osteoclastic differentiation were assessed through NO production, arginase activity, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase levels. 3D matrix‐induced MNCs expressed the same phenotypic heterogeneity as the IL‐4 and RANK‐treated ones. 3D matrix‐induced MNCs displayed the same phenotypic heterogeneity as those treated with IL‐4 and RANKL. A high viscoelastic matrix (1006.48 ± 92.29 Pa) induced larger populations of proinflammatory and osteoclast‐like MNCs, whereas a low viscoelastic matrix (38.61 ± 7.56 Pa) supported active differentiation and gene expression across pro‐, anti‐inflammatory, and osteoclast‐like macrophages. Matrix viscoelasticity also influenced the effects of IL‐4 and RANKL on macrophage‐derived MNC polarization. In an in vivo subcutaneous implantation model, medium to high viscoelastic matrices exhibited higher populations of CD86+ and RANK+ MNCs, while low viscoelastic matrices showed higher populations of CD206+ MNCs. These findings suggest that matrix viscoelasticity modulates macrophage differentiation and MNC phenotype, with low viscoelastic matrices potentially favoring anti‐inflammatory MNCs and macrophage differentiation suitable for subcutaneous implantation.
Accelerated In Vitro Oxidative Degradation Testing of Ultra‐High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Authors: Jain Tanmay , Danesi Hunter , Lucas Anne , Dair Benita , Vorvolakos Katherine
Published: October 2024

Nonabsorbable polymers used in biomedical applications are assumed to be permanently stable based on short‐term testing, but some may be susceptible to oxidative degradation over several years of implantation. Traditional in vitro oxidative degradation screenings employ hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solutions. However, the inherent instability of H2O2 can compromise the consistency of oxidative conditions, especially over extended periods and at elevated temperatures used for accelerated testing. In this study, an automated reactive accelerated aging (aRAA) system, which integrates an electrochemical detection method and a feedback loop, was utilized to ensure precise control of H2O2 concentrations during polymer oxidative degradation testing. The reproducibility of the aRAA system was evaluated by comparing four identical setups. Its efficacy as an oxidation challenge was demonstrated on (i) medical‐grade vitamin E (VE) blended ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and (ii) highly crosslinked (HXL) UHMWPE as model materials. The aRAA‐aged VE‐UHMWPE and HXL‐UHMWPE samples were also compared against samples aged via an existing accelerated aging standard, ASTM F2003‐02(2022). Samples were analyzed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy to calculate their oxidation index per ASTM F2102‐17. We observed that the aRAA system was more effective in oxidizing VE‐UHMWPE and HXL‐UHMWPE than the traditional ASTM F2003‐02(2022) method. By providing a standardized and reliable approach to assess polymer oxidative degradation, the aRAA system could enhance the accuracy of long‐term stability predictions for nonresorbable polymers in medical devices.
WNT1/ROR2 pathway enhances the Triple‐Negative breast cancer invasion, migration, and Epithelial‐Mesenchymal transition
Authors: Jin Xin , Fu Chunlan , Chen Yusa , Jin Canguang , Jin Gaopei , Yan Junfeng
Published: October 2024

It has been evidenced that ROR2 influences the growth of many tumors, including non‐small cell lung cancer, osteosarcoma, and breast cancer. This research examined the effect of the WNT1/ROR2 signaling pathway on the progression of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Bioinformatics analysis results demonstrated that ROR2 had a higher messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level in TNBC tissues and was positively correlated with poor patient prognosis. Western blot analysis (WB) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that TNBC cells had relatively higher ROR2 mRNA and protein levels than normal cell lines. Transwell and Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay further proved that downregulating ROR2 expression dramatically slowed the MDA‐MB‐231 cell progression. WB detection of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related proteins suggested that knocking down ROR2 could alleviate the EMT tendency of cancer cells. The WNT1/ROR2 signaling pathway could be inhibited by the WNT inhibitor pyrvinium pamoate (PP). Experiments on in vitro cell functional recovery have demonstrated that PP could restore malignant phenotypes caused by ROR2 overexpression. Finally, the mouse model experiments further validated the anticancer effect of PP on TNBC. Generally speaking, the malignant progression of TNBC could be stimulated by the WNT1/ROR2 signaling pathway which can be inhibited by PP, suggesting the potential value of PP in controlling TNBC.
Fish collagen sponge with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for diabetic wound repair in rats
Authors: Haijie Che , Lei Wang , Kai Wang , Guodong Lin , Guolong Liu , Zhongzhen Yang , Junru Wang , Ying Liu , Xiaorui Jiang
Published: October 2024

Stem cell therapy offers a novel approach to treating difbetic foot ulcers. Fish skin decellularized matrix, a type I collagen, provides a promising carrier for stem cells, creating a supportive microenvironment that enhances cell survival and therapeutic potential. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) loaded onto a fish collagen sponge for wound healing in diabetic rats. The study evaluates stem cell‐loading efficiency with fish collagen sponge in vitro, assesses material distribution on diabetic rat wounds, and establishes a wound model. Rats are divided into the Self‐healing group, Fish collagen sponge group, and Sponge loaded with HUCMSCs group. Therapeutic effects are evaluated through various analyses, including histopathology and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for collagen‐related gene expression levels. Compared to the self‐healing group, both the fish collagen group and the composite group show faster wound repair and improved healing outcomes. The composite group exhibits superior wound healing quality, with fish collagen contributing to enhanced tissue regeneration through collagen regulation at the wound site. Loading HUCMSCs onto a fish collagen sponge shows promise for treating diabetic wounds by addressing nutrient deficiency and cell supply issues, offering potential benefits for patients undergoing treatment.
High‐Accuracy and Lightweight Image Classification Network for Optimizing Lymphoblastic Leukemia Diagnosisy
Authors: Mei Liye , Lian Chentao , Han Suyang , Jin Shuangtong , He Jing , Dong Lan , Wang Hongzhu , Shen Hui , Lei Cheng , Xiong Bei
Published: October 2024

Leukemia is a hematological malignancy that significantly impacts the human immune system. Early detection helps to effectively manage and treat cancer. Although deep learning techniques hold promise for early detection of blood disorders, their effectiveness is often limited by the physical constraints of available datasets and deployed devices. For this investigation, we collect an excellent‐quality dataset of 17,826 morphological bone marrow cell images from 85 patients with lymphoproliferative neoplasms. We employ a progressive shrinking approach, which integrates a comprehensive pruning technique across multiple dimensions, including width, depth, resolution, and kernel size, to train our lightweight model. The proposed model achieves rapid identification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and other bone marrow cell types with an accuracy of 92.51% and a throughput of 111 slides per second, while comprising only 6.4 million parameters. This model significantly contributes to leukemia diagnosis, particularly in the rapid and accurate identification of lymphatic system diseases, and provides potential opportunities to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of medical experts in the diagnosis and treatment of lymphocytic leukemia
Resorption characteristics of an open architecture biocomposite interference screw after ACL reconstruction
Authors: Lind Martin , Nielsen Torsten Grønbech , Nielsen Flemming K. , Sørensen Ole G. , Mygind‐Klavsen Bjarne , Faunø Peter
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Absorbable interference screws for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) can lead to tunnel widening and cyst formation. The Biosure Regenesorb interference screw (Smith & Nephew). has been developed with an optimised calcium phosphate/polymer composition to promote bone formation during resorption. The present study aims to investigate screw resorption, new bone formation, and tunnel geometry following ACLR with Biosure Regenesorb screw tibial fixation.

Methods

The study is a prospective single‐centre case series of 12 patients with ACL lesions and treated with ACLR using hamstring tendon autograft with Biosure Regenesorb interference screw tibial fixation with a two‐year follow‐up period. The Biosure Regenesorb consists of 65% polylactide‐glycolic acid poly. 20% calcium sulphate and 15% tricalcium phosphate. Primary endpoint: Tunnel volume. implant volume and new bone formation in the tibial tunnel is evaluated by quantitative computed tomography (CT) scanning. Secondary endpoints: Arthrometric knee laxity, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Knee Osteoarthritis and Injury Outcome Scores (KOOS) and Tegner activity scale.

Results

Screw volume decreased to 44% within the two‐year follow‐up period while tunnel volume remained unchanged. Only a minor amount (<1% of tunnel volume) of new bone formation in the screw remnants was observed. Sagittal knee laxity at one year was 0.9 mm. The IKDC score increased by 15 points and the KOOS sport and KOOS quality of life scores increased by 25 and 26 points. respectively.

Conclusion

ACLR using Biosure Regenesorb interference screw does not result in tunnel widening. showing a screw resorption of 44% after two years and minor new bone formation. Knee stability and subjective outcome improvements are as expected after other ACLR methods.

Level of evidence

IV.
Mid‐term patient‐reported outcomes are inferior in opening‐wedge high tibial osteotomy patients with untreated medial meniscus posterior root tear
Authors: Sasaki Eiji , Maeda Shugo , Tsushima Takahiro , Kimura Yuka , Sakamoto Yukiko , Tsuda Eiichi , Ishibashi Yasuyuki
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The impact of untreated medial meniscus posterior root (MMPR) tear (MMPRT) during opening‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) on patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) remains poorly understood. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between the presence of MMPRT and post‐operative PROs in patients who underwent OWHTO.

Methods

A total of 83 knees that underwent OWHTO that were followed up for 6.6 years were included. Post‐operative PROs were assessed using the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) subscales. Medial meniscus extrusion (MME) was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MMPRT was diagnosed based on preoperative MRI and intraoperative arthroscopy findings. The participants were categorized into the MMPRT and MMPR intact (MMPRI) groups, and their KOOS subscales were compared. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between KOOS and MMPRT presence.

Results

In total, 29 out of 80 (36.3%) knees were classified into the MMPRT group, while three knees underwent total knee arthroplasty. Preoperative MME was 3.5 ± 1.9 (range 0–8.9) mm, showing correlation with the presence of MMPRT (p = 0.004) by regression analysis. The post‐operative KOOS subscales of the MMPRT group were lower than the MMPRI group for pain (p = 0.017), activities of daily living (ADLs) (p = 0.001), sports (p < 0.001) and quality of life (QOL) (p < 0.001). Additionally, regression analysis showed the presence of MMPRT was correlated with lower KOOS subscale scores for pain (p = 0.041), ADLs (p = 0.011), sports (p < 0.001) and QOL (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Preoperative MMPRT correlated with a reduction in mid‐term post‐operative PROs, as assessed using the KOOS, among patients who underwent OWHTO. Surgeons should consider addressing an MMPRT at the time of OWHTO.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Visible Light Triggered, Catalyst‐Free Approach for the Click Synthesis of Imidazole‐Fused Nitrogen‐Bridgehead Nucleus in EtOH:H2O Medium
Authors: Jaiswal Anjali , Sharma Amit Kumar , Jaiswal Shweta , Mishra Anu , Singh Jaya , Singh Jagdamba , Siddiqui I. R.
Published: October 2024

Here, we have succeeded in developing an eco‐efficient, mild, and metal‐free synthetic protocol for biologically significant scaffolds: imidazopyridines and their derivatives via radical cyclization from a wide variety of simple 2‐aminopyridines and phenacyl bromides as reactants and utilizing visible light as a reaction promoter in the ethanol/water solvent. To the best of our knowledge, the present strategy is the first example of visible light promoted synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine via the formation of C‐N bonds. The proposed methodology has various advantages namely quick reaction time, low cost, simple setup, high atom efficiency, easy‐availability of reactants and non‐involvement of specific glasswares and photo reactor system.
Diagnostic performance of dried blood spot hepatitis C virus core antigen testing for hepatitis C screening: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Treviño‐Nakoura Ana , Sepúlveda‐Crespo Daniel , Bellon José M. , Codina Helena , Amigot‐Sánchez Rafael , Quero‐Delgado Marta , Ryan Pablo , Martínez Isidoro , Resino Salvador
Published: October 2024

Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is increasingly used for hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening. HCVcAg testing offers a faster and more streamlined approach to diagnosing HCV infection. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the diagnostic performance of the Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag assay for screening active HCV infection using DBS samples. Eight studies (n = 1229) were selected among all published studies available up to October 4, 2024, in different databases with a search strategy registered (PROSPERO: CRD42022363975). The gold standard method was the HCV PCR test. Data were analyzed using the MIDAS module in STATA with a random effects model. Combined diagnostic accuracy measures were as follows: sensitivity 85%, specificity 100%, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) 233.1, negative likelihood ratio (NLR) 0.15, and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) 0.99. Likelihood ratios and Fagan's nomogram suggested that the HCVcAg assay with DBS samples can confirm or rule out active HCV infection with over 92% accuracy in high‐prevalence settings (≥5%). However, in low‐prevalence settings (≤1%), a confirmatory test must be required for positive results. The ability of the test to identify people without HCV infection was high regardless of HCV prevalence, with an error rate of less than 3%. This meta‐analysis is subject to limitations, particularly due to the number of included studies and significant heterogeneity among them. HCV screening using the Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag assay with DBS samples showed excellent diagnostic performance, but its external validity may be limited when HCV prevalence is low (≤1%).
Hypothalamus Connectivity in Adolescent Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Byrne Hollie , Knight Sarah J. , Josev Elisha K. , Scheinberg Adam , Beare Richard , Yang Joseph Y. M. , Oldham Stuart , Rowe Katherine , Seal Marc L.
Published: October 2024

Adolescent Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disabling illness of unknown etiology. Increasing evidence suggests hypothalamic involvement in ME/CFS pathophysiology, which has rarely been explored using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the condition. This work aimed to use MRI to examine hypothalamus connectivity in adolescents with ME/CFS and explore how this relates to fatigue severity and illness duration. 25 adolescents with ME/CFS and 23 healthy controls completed a neuroimaging protocol consisting of structural and multishell diffusion‐weighted imaging sequences, in addition to the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale to assess fatigue severity. Information about illness duration was acquired at diagnosis. Preprocessing and streamlines tractography was performed using QSIPrep combined with a custom parcellation scheme to create structural networks. The number (degree) and weight (strength) of connections between lateralized hypothalamus regions and cortical and subcortical nodes were extracted, and relationships between connectivity measures, fatigue severity, and illness duration were performed using Bayesian regression models. We observed weak‐to‐moderate evidence of increased degree, but not strength, of connections from the bilateral anterior‐inferior (left: pd [%] = 99.18, median [95% CI] = −22.68[−40.96 to 4.45]; right: pd [%] = 99.86, median [95% CI] = −23.35[−38.47 to 8.20]), left anterior‐superior (pd [%] = 99.33, median [95% CI] = −18.83[−33.45 to 4.07]) and total left hypothalamus (pd [%] = 99.44, median [95% CI] = −47.18[−83.74 to 11.03]) in the ME/CFS group compared with controls. Conversely, bilateral posterior hypothalamus degree decreased with increasing ME/CFS illness duration (left: pd [%] = 98.13, median [95% CI]: −0.47[−0.89 to 0.03]; right: pd [%] = 98.50, median [95% CI]:‐0.43[−0.82 to 0.05]). Finally, a weak relationship between right intermediate hypothalamus connectivity strength and fatigue severity was identified in the ME/CFS group (pd [%] = 99.35, median [95% CI] = −0.28[−0.51 to 0.06]), which was absent in controls. These findings suggest changes in hypothalamus connectivity may occur in adolescents with ME/CFS, warranting further investigation.
Workflow of the zero‐fluoro pulsed field ablation
Authors: Hirata Shu , Nagashima Koichi , Watanabe Ryuta , Wakamatsu Yuji , Hirata Moyuru , Kurokawa Sayaka , Otsuka Naoto , Sawada Masanaru , Okumura Yasuo
Published: October 2024

Background

Zero‐fluoroscopic pulsed field ablation (PFA) is the next step in advancing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

A workflow incorporating a variable‐loop circular PFA catheter, intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), and a visualized sheath was applied to 15 paroxysmal AF patients.

Results

It consisted of three steps: (1) positioning a non‐magnetic mapping catheter in the coronary sinus after creating a right atrial matrix, (2) transseptal puncture with the sheath advancement to the left atrium under ICE guidance, and (3) PFA confirming catheter‐tissue contact with tissue proximity indication.

Conclusions

This zero‐fluoro PFA workflow is feasible without advanced technique.
Exploring the Diversity, Root Colonization, and Morphology of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Lamiaceae
Authors: Sharma Kalpana , Singh Meenakshi , Srivastava Devendra Kumar , Singh Pradeep Kumar
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to explore the diversity, root morphology, and colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with eight medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family. Rhizospheric soil and root samples were collected from eight species of Lamiaceae plants for AMF analysis. The results indicate that root colonization was not directly related to the number of AMF spores in the rhizosphere. However, a significant correlation was found between the percentage of root colonization and the number of AMF species present in the individual plants. The highest percentage of colonization (86.67 ± 1.92%) and the greatest number of AMF species were observed in Micromeria fructicosa, while the lowest colonization (27.67 ± 6.22%) was recorded in Mentha arvensis. The highest spore count was recorded in Thymus vulgaris (120 ± 27.01), whereas the lowest was found in Melissa officinalis (84 ± 17.20). Among the identified AMF species, Glomus was the most dominant, representing 35.7% of all AMF species across the eight medicinal plants. The maximum AMF spore density was observed in M. fructicosa and lowest in M. arvensis. The study suggests that AMF can significantly enhance medicinal plant growth by ensuring a consistent supply of nutrients and water, thereby supporting the sustainable cultivation of medicinal plants to meet the growing demand.
Identifying parentally perceived barriers for children with celiac disease to participate in elementary school meal programs
Authors: Du Nan , Treffeisen Elsa R. , Weisbrod Vanessa , Kelley Frances , Silvester Jocelyn
Published: October 2024

Several states have recently enacted laws permanently granting all public school students access to free breakfast and lunch. However, children with dietary restrictions, such as celiac disease (CeD), may encounter barriers to participation in these meal programs. We surveyed caregivers of school‐aged children with CeD to study barriers to universal school meals. More than half of the children with CeD did not participate in school meal programs due to concerns about the cafeteria's ability to prepare gluten‐free (GF) meals safely. Moreover, among those who were food insecure and GF food insecure, 50% had never consumed free school lunch and breakfast. Parental perception of nutritional quality, communication regarding GF options, and safety of school kitchens emerged as common obstacles to participation in these programs. Addressing these concerns is paramount to ensuring equitable access to nutritious meals for all students.
What's in a treatment name? How people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms interpret and react to PTSD treatment names
Authors: Larsen Sadie E. , Ranney Rachel M. , Matteo Rebecca , Grubbs Kathleen M. , Hamblen Jessica L.
Published: October 2024

Prior research has rarely examined how people understand or react to the names of psychological treatments. In the case of evidence‐based psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such reactions may be relevant to the low rates of uptake of such treatments. Participants who screened positive for PTSD (n = 887) completed questions assessing their initial reactions to PTSD treatment names as well as how a different name would affect their openness to treatment. In addition, they gave brief responses to open‐ended questions about the reason for their initial reactions, and content analysis was used to better understand these reasons. The results indicated that among the treatment name options, cognitive processing therapy (CPT) and present‐centered therapy (PCT) were viewed most positively. Approximately 40% of the sample preferred plain language alternatives for treatment names. Content analyses focused on descriptions of the treatments—which could be accurate or inaccurate—as well as whether respondents evaluated a treatment name itself as positive or negative. Some names conveyed treatments more accurately (e.g., CPT and written exposure therapy) than others (e.g., eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and prolonged exposure [PE]). Some names were also evaluated more positively (e.g., PCT) than others (e.g., PE). The general term “trauma‐focused therapy” was seen as positive and clear. Addressing the ways patients react to psychological terms and treatment names could help clarify misperceptions about evidence‐based psychotherapies and promote more widespread uptake of effective treatments for PTSD.
Postpartum anger among low‐income women with high rates of trauma exposure
Authors: Plummer Lee ChienTi , Mersky Joshua P. , Liu Xiyao
Published: October 2024

Few studies have examined anger concerns among postpartum women despite their risk of mood dysregulation. This study examined the performance of the Dimensions of Anger Reactions–5 (DAR‐5) scale, a brief screen for problematic anger, in a sample of 1,383 postpartum women in Wisconsin who received perinatal home visiting services. We aimed to analyze the discriminant validity and measurement invariance of the DAR‐5, the occurrence of problematic anger symptoms and their co‐occurrence with mental health concerns, and the association between elevated anger levels and exposure to potentially traumatic events in childhood and adulthood. Descriptive statistics for anger symptoms and their associations with depression, anxiety, and PTSD were calculated. Psychometric properties of the DAR‐5 were assessed via confirmatory factor analyses, and associations between trauma exposure and anger were evaluated as bivariate and partial correlations. Approximately 21% of the sample exhibited problematic anger based on an established DAR‐5 cutoff score (≥ 12). Anger symptoms co‐occurred with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive, and anxiety symptoms, though the DAR‐5 sufficiently distinguished anger from these correlated symptom profiles. The DAR‐5 also demonstrated acceptable measurement invariance across levels of trauma exposure. Higher levels of trauma exposure in childhood and adulthood significantly increased the risk of problematic anger even after controlling for PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, partial pb range: .07–.16. The findings suggest the DAR‐5 is a valid brief screen for anger in postpartum women. Increased attention should be paid to elevated anger and the co‐occurrence of other mental health concerns following childbirth.