bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward a “treadmill test” for cognition: Improved prediction of general cognitive ability from the task activated brain
Authors: Sripada Chandra , Angstadt Mike , Rutherford Saige , Taxali Aman , Shedden Kerby
Published: May 2020

General cognitive ability (GCA) refers to a trait‐like ability that contributes to performance across diverse cognitive tasks. Identifying brain‐based markers of GCA has been a longstanding goal of cognitive and clinical neuroscience. Recently, predictive modeling methods have emerged that build whole‐brain, distributed neural signatures for phenotypes of interest. In this study, we employ a predictive modeling approach to predict GCA based on fMRI task activation patterns during the N‐back working memory task as well as six other tasks in the Human Connectome Project dataset (n = 967), encompassing 15 task contrasts in total. We found tasks are a highly effective basis for prediction of GCA: The 2‐back versus 0‐back contrast achieved a 0.50 correlation with GCA scores in 10‐fold cross‐validation, and 13 out of 15 task contrasts afforded statistically significant prediction of GCA. Additionally, we found that task contrasts that produce greater frontoparietal activation and default mode network deactivation—a brain activation pattern associated with executive processing and higher cognitive demand—are more effective in the prediction of GCA. These results suggest a picture analogous to treadmill testing for cardiac function: Placing the brain in a more cognitively demanding task state significantly improves brain‐based prediction of GCA.
Use of narrowband imaging for the diagnosis and screening of laryngeal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Kim Yeonji , Kim Sung Won , Hwang Se Hwan
Published: May 2020

We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of narrowband imaging (NBI) in terms of detecting laryngeal cancer compared to that of white light endoscopy (WLE). Two reviewers individually searched the six databases for studies published between the first record date and December 31, 2019. We recorded the numbers of true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies ver. 2 software was used to assess the studies. The extent of the inter‐rater agreement was also measured. The diagnostic odds ratio (OR) associated with NBI was 87.463 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46.968, 160.873). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.954. NBI was more diagnostically accurate than WLE, which was associated with a diagnostic OR of 13.750. NBI affords high diagnostic accuracy, thus supporting a role for NBI in the diagnostic work‐up of laryngeal cancer.
Adverse effect of delayed pushing on postpartum blood loss in nulliparous women with epidural analgesia
Authors: Fiedler Anton , Brun Romana , Randegger Debora , Balsyte Dalia , Zimmermann Roland , Haslinger Christian
Published: May 2020

Objective

To test for an association between blood loss and time until pushing (TUP) after full cervical dilation in nulliparous women with epidural analgesia.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was performed at the University Hospital of Zurich between October 2015 and November 2016. Included were 228 nulliparous women with singleton pregnancy, planned vaginal delivery after 36 completed weeks of gestation, epidural analgesia, and guided active pushing. TUP was defined as the interval between full cervical dilation and initiation of active pushing. The primary outcome measure was blood loss, assessed by the postpartum decrease in hemoglobin (ΔHb), estimated blood loss, and rate of ΔHb ≥30 g/L. Associations between TUP and primary and secondary maternal and neonatal delivery outcomes were assessed using Spearman correlation, Mann‐Whitney U test, Kruskal‐Wallis test, or Fisher exact test, as appropriate.

Results

Longer TUP correlated significantly with increased ΔHb (ρ=0.142, P=0.033) and higher rates of ΔHb ≥30 g/l (P=0.002). Composite adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes were unaffected.

Conclusion

On the grounds of increased maternal blood loss, and in contrast to the current International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) guideline, delayed active pushing is not recommended in nulliparous women with epidural analgesia.
Functionalization of Ti substrate with pH‐responsive naringin‐ZnO nanoparticles for the reconstruction of large bony after osteosarcoma resection
Authors: Yang Yulu , Tao Bailong , Gong Yi , Chen Rui , Yang Weihu , Lin Chuanchuan , Chen Maowen , Qin Lu , Jia Yile , Cai Kaiyong
Published: May 2020

After bone tumor resection, the large bony deficits are commonly reconstructed with Ti‐based metallic endoprosthesis, which provide immediate stable fixation and allow early ambulation and weight bearing. However, when used in osteosarcoma resection, Ti implant‐relative infection and tumor recurrence were recognized as the two critical factors for implantation failure. Hence, in this work, a novel zinc oxide nanoparticle decorating with naringin was prepared and immobilized onto Ti substrate. The drugs delivery profiles proved that in the bacterial infection and Warburg effect of osteosarcoma‐induced acidic condition, naringin and Zn2+ can be released easily from the functional Ti substrate. The anti‐osteosarcoma and antibacterial assay showed the delivered naringin and Zn2+ can induce a remarkable increase of oxidative stress in bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and osteosarcoma (Saos‐2 cells) by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of ROS results in damage of bacterial biofilm and bacterial membrane, leading to the leakage of bacterial RNA and DNA. Meanwhile, the increase of ROS induces osteosarcoma cell apoptosis by activating ROS/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vitro cellular experiments, including cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, extracellular matrix mineralization level, indicated that the functional Ti substrate exhibited great potential for osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation. Hence, this study provides a simple and promising strategy of developing multifunctional Ti‐based implants for the reconstruction of large bony after osteosarcoma resection.
The role of macrophages in osseointegration of dental implants: An experimental study in vivo
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Yu , Feng Yuan , Cheng Haode , Li Dehua
Published: May 2020

To investigate the role of macrophages in the osseointegration of dental implants through induced macrophage reduction in a murine model. Fifty‐four Sprague–Dawley rats with bilateral maxillary first molars replaced by titanium implants were randomly assigned into three groups. For the test group, macrophages were depleted by tail‐vein injection of clodronate liposome (20 mg/kg) 3 days before implantation and reinjection every 3 days until the sacrifice of the rats (10 mg/kg). Animals treated with Phosphate Buffer saline (PBS) alone or empty liposome were included as controls. Samples contained implants were retrieved after 3, 7, 14, and 28 days, and the alterations of macrophages (CD68) and osteoblasts (Osterix) were evaluated using histology and immunohistochemistry technique. Histological analysis showed that new bone gradually formed within the lateral chamber regions in both the Control group and the Lip group, whereas bone healing was delayed at the first 2‐weeks despite of pronounced newly formed peri‐implant bone at 4 weeks in the Lipclod group. The bone‐to‐implant contact was significantly higher in the Lip and Control group than in the Lipclod group after 2 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CD68+ cells were present both in the central region and in direct contact with implant surface throughout the healing period. Macrophages depletion reduced osteoblast amounts and new bone formation around implants in the first 2 weeks, and have no adverse impacts on the final formation of osseointegration. Macrophages play a dual role in both regulating the bone healing process and immune response to implant installation during the early stages.
Anidulafungin liposome nanoparticles exhibit antifungal activity against planktonic and biofilm Candida albicans
Authors: Vera‐González Noel , Bailey‐Hytholt Christina M. , Langlois Luc , de Camargo Ribeiro Felipe , de Souza Santos Evelyn Luzia , Junqueira Juliana Campos , Shukla Anita
Published: May 2020

Fungal infections can cause significant patient morbidity and mortality. Nanoparticle therapeutics have the potential to improve treatment of these infections. Here we report the development of liposomal nanoparticles incorporating anidulafungin, a potent antifungal, with the goal of increasing its solubility and aiding in localization to fungi. Liposomes were fabricated with three concentrations of anidulafungin yielding monodisperse ~100 nm unilamellar vesicles. All three formulations inhibited planktonic Candida albicans growth at a minimum inhibitory concentration equivalent to free drug. All three formulations also disrupted preformed C. albicans biofilms, reducing fungal burden by as much as 99%, exhibiting superior biofilm disruption compared with free drug. Liposome formulations tested in vivo in C. albicans infected Galleria mellonella wax moth larvae demonstrated increased survival compared to free drug equivalents, leading to a survival of 33 to 67% of larvae over 7 days depending on the liposome utilized compared with only 25% survival of larvae administered free drug. Liposomal formulations along with free anidulafungin did not cause red blood cell lysis. Ultimately, the liposome formulations reported here increased anidulafungin solubility, displayed promising efficacy against planktonic and biofilm C. albicans, and improved the survival of C. albicans–infected G. mellonella compared to free anidulafungin.
Effect of elastin‐like polypeptide incorporation on the adhesion maturation of mineral trioxide aggregates
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Jung , Lee Wang Sik , Jeong Jinyoung , Kim Duck Su , Lee Seung‐Wuk , Kim Sun‐Young
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the incorporation of elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP) on the adhesion maturation of mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA). Two types of ELPs (V125 and V125E8) were genetically synthesized. V125 consisted of 125 repeating pentapeptides (Val‐Pro‐Gly‐Xaa‐Gly) and V125E8 was functionalized with octaglutamic acid in the C‐terminus of V125; both were diluted to 10 wt% in solution. Three 1.5 mm diameter holes in dentin discs were filled with MTA mixed with either a solution of ELP or deionized water. Push‐out bond strength tests were performed following storage in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks (n = 12). The interface between dentin and MTA was observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The maturation of MTA was evaluated with a stereoscopic microscope and SEM. The incorporation of a specific ELP (V125E8) significantly increased the bond strength of MTA to dentin with regard to every maturation period (p < 0.05). The bond strength of MTA also significantly increased with a longer maturation time irrespective of ELP incorporation (p < 0.05). V125E8‐incorporated MTA exhibited a more intimate interface with dentin compared to the other groups. More spindle‐shaped crystal structures and thicker crystals were observed in all MTA mixtures as the storage duration increased even though V125E8 exhibited fewer crystal structures on the surface. Within the limitations of this study, the incorporation of V125E8 increased the adhesive properties of MTA and the maturation of MTA occurred regardless of ELP incorporation.
Impact of different conditions of breath‐holding on the results of renal artery Doppler sonography: A pilot study
Authors: Zhang Yixuan , Ge Zhitong , Wang Yahong , Xu Zhonghui , Li Jianchu
Published: May 2020

Purpose

To investigate the impact of different breath‐holding conditions on the results of renal artery Doppler ultrasonography (RADS).

Methods

In 45 healthy volunteers, we performed RADS examination during breath‐holding while breathing naturally and after a deep inspiration. We measured and compared peak systolic flow velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistance index (RI) of the right (RRA) and left (LRA) renal artery, and PSV, EDV, RI, acceleration time and acceleration index (AI) of the right and left interlobar arteries.

Results

The RRA and LRA PSV were, respectively, 76 ± 13 cm/s and 77 ± 15 cm/s under natural breathing and 93 ± 18 cm/s and 89 ± 24 cm/s after deep inspiration (P ≤ .001). The RRA and LRA EDV were also greater at deep inspiration (P < .001 and P = .019, respectively). There was no significant difference in RRA or LRA RI. The PSV, RI, and AI of the right and left interlobar arteries were greater after deep inspiration (P ≤ .001), without difference in AI.

Conclusion

Breath‐holding conditions may influence Doppler measurements of renal artery flow velocity and should be reported and taken into account.
Strong cliques in vertex‐transitive graphs
Authors: Hujdurović Ademir
Published: May 2020

A clique (resp, independent set) in a graph is strong if it intersects every maximal independent set (resp, every maximal clique). A graph is clique intersect stable set (CIS) if all of its maximal cliques are strong and localizable if it admits a partition of its vertex set into strong cliques. In this paper we prove that a clique in a vertex‐transitive graph is strong if and only if for every maximal independent set of . On the basis of this result we prove that a vertex‐transitive graph is CIS if and only if it admits a strong clique and a strong independent set. We classify all vertex‐transitive graphs of valency at most 4 admitting a strong clique, and give a partial characterization of 5‐valent vertex‐transitive graphs admitting a strong clique. Our results imply that every vertex‐transitive graph of valency at most 5 that admits a strong clique is localizable. We answer an open question by providing an example of a vertex‐transitive CIS graph which is not localizable.
Lines in bipartite graphs and in 2‐metric spaces
Authors: Matamala Martín , Zamora José
Published: May 2020

The line generated by two distinct points, and , in a finite metric space , is the set of points given by

It is denoted by . A 2‐set such that is called a universal pair and its generated line a universal line. Chen and Chvátal conjectured that in any finite metric space either there is a universal line, or there are at least |V| different (nonuniversal) lines. Chvátal proved that this is indeed the case when the metric space has distances in the set . Aboulker et al proposed the following strengthenings for Chen and Chvátal conjecture in the context of metric spaces induced by finite graphs: First, the number of lines plus the number of bridges of the graph is at least the number of points. Second, the number of lines plus the number of universal pairs is at least the number of points of the space. In this study, we prove that the first conjecture is true for bipartite graphs different from or , and that the second conjecture is true for metric spaces with distances in the set .
A hybrid RBFNN–BBMO methodology for robust energy management in grid‐Connected microgrid
Authors: Kumari Naresh
Published: May 2020

This dissertation shows energy scheduling in grid‐connected micro grid (MG) using an amazing hybrid method for optimal energy management. The hybrid method is the mixture of Radial Basis Neural Function Network (RBFNN) and Bumble Bees Mating Optimization (BBMO) and is therefore referred to as RBFNN–BBMO technique. The MG system consists of photovoltaic, wind turbine, battery storage and micro turbine systems. Here, batteries are used to maintain a constant and stable output power. The necessary load demand of the grid‐connected MG scheme is continually monitored using the RBFNN method. BBMO optimizes the perfect combination of MG taking into account the expected load demand. In addition to decrease the impact of renewable energy prediction mistakes, a two strategy for MG energy management is adopted. The first approach is to program various renewable energy sources (RESs) during the operation of MG in order to minimize the electricity costs. The second approach is power flow balancing and forecasting errors, decreasing from the scheduled energy reference based on the summarized rule. Access of RESs, power supply and charging modules are the constraints. Two existing methods such as the Genetic Algorithm and the Cuttlefish Algorithm compare the supremacy of the proposed method.
Can microsavings work without microcredit? A case study of India Post Payments Bank
Authors: Ashta Arvind , Pillarisetti Satish
Published: May 2020

Microsavings institutions that cannot provide microcredit are unlikely to be self‐sustaining. Payments banks are Indian microfinance institutions that can collect microsavings, but cannot give microcredit. They have been mainly unsuccessful owing to low spreads between interest given to savers and interest received from the reserve bank or commercial banks on interbank deposits. The commission income from transfer payments is too low to pay the high overheads of rural outreach. Payments banks would like to transform themselves into small savings banks that can provide microcredit.
A reconstructive algorithm of oncologic defects of the upper trunk and shoulder girdle: Factors predicting complexity and outcomes
Authors: Nemir Stephanie , Mericli Alexander F. , Adelman David M. , Liu Jun , Feig Barry W. , Lin Patrick P. , Roubaud Margaret S.
Published: May 2020

Background

Locally advanced malignancies of the upper torso and shoulder girdle (UT‐SG) necessitate extensive resection and complex reconstruction. Due to the infrequent nature of these operations, a global reconstructive algorithm has not been defined.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients who received reconstructive surgery following malignant tumor extirpation in the UT‐SG from 2008 to 2018 at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Factors predicting the need for flap reconstruction and risk for postoperative complications were evaluated.

Results

In total, 252 procedures met inclusion criteria. The most common pathology was sarcoma (76%) and 52% were primary tumors. The median defect area was 112 cm2 (range 4‐1350 cm2). Reconstructive techniques included pedicled flaps (46%), local tissue rearrangement (38%), and free flaps (16%). On univariate analysis, the probability of needing a free flap increased 39% when the defect size increased by 100 cm2.

The strongest independent predictors of requiring a free flap were major vessel exposure (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 4.92, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36‐17.84, P = .015) and major peripheral nerve exposure (adjusted OR = 3.2, 95% CI, 1.1‐9.2, P = .031).

Conclusion

Despite the aggressive nature of their malignancies, patients requiring an UT‐SG resection demonstrate high survival rates and therefore demand a durable reconstruction. Exposed critical structures and defect size were predictive of free tissue transfer.
A model for dynamic alliance networks
Authors: Ali Abdussalam , Hawryszkiewycz Igo
Published: May 2020

Business networks are now becoming increasingly important in the business environment. Their nature is also changing because of the increasing complexity of the business environment, which now not only calls for exchange of resources but also to create new knowledge to address emerging issues and improve the products and services of network partners. Developing new knowledge often calls for changes in network membership, and in changes the way the network operates. In many cases, specialized knowledge is transient in nature; it is often required quickly and hence needs to be quickly developed. The result is that business networks are becoming increasingly dynamic in nature as they require to continually adapt to changes in the business environment often by change of membership and what members do. There are, however, many ways to organize a business network. This paper describes a study of a large number of business network arrangements found in practice. The paper then identifies common characteristics of networks and develops a model that can be used to classify business networks in terms of these characteristics. The model defines levels that distinguish between organizational and operational levels now increasingly used in creative organizations. The levels are defined in terms of common characteristics that include governance, collaboration, knowledge, and privacy. The paper then describes ways to model networks in terms of the common characteristics and verified implementation of the model. Businesses wishing to set up a business network can describe it in these characteristics and convert it to a computer support system. It shows how to organize networks where strategic planning, team management, information and knowledge systems, and CoDesign can be combined in flexible ways to meet emerging needs.
Giant Biodegradable Poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Polymersomes by Electroformation
Authors: Kunzler Cleiton , Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Roesener Manuel , Schönherr Holger
Published: May 2020

Here, the formation of giant enzyme‐degradable polymersomes using the electroformation method is reported. Poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) polymersomes have been shown previously to be attractive candidates for the detection of bacterial proteases and protease mediated release of encapsulated reporter dyes and antimicrobials. To maximize the efficiency, the maximization of block copolymer (BCP) vesicle size without compromising their properties is of prime importance. Thus, the physical‐chemical properties of the BCP necessary to self‐assemble into polymeric vesicles by electroformation are first identified. Subsequently, the morphology of the self‐assembled structures is extensively characterized by different microscopy techniques. The vesicular structures are visualized for giant polymersomes by confocal laser scanning microscopy upon incorporation of reporter dyes during the self‐assembly process. Using time correlated single photon counting and by analyzing the fluorescence decay curves, the nanoenvironment of the encapsulated fluorophores is unveiled. Using this approach, the hollow core structure of the polymersomes is confirmed. Finally, the encapsulation of different dyes added during the electroformation process is studied. The results underline the potential of this approach for obtaining microcapsules for subsequent triggered release of signaling fluorophores or antimicrobially active cargo molecules that can be used for bacterial infection diagnostics and/or treatment.
A perspective on sepsis pathogenesis, biomarkers and diagnosis: A concise survey
Authors: Kundu Souvik , Tabassum Shawana , Kumar Ratnesh
Published: May 2020

Sepsis is a potentially fatal physiological state caused by an imbalance in the body's immune response to an infection and is one of the most common causes for deaths in the non‐coronary intensive care unit worldwide. In this article, the state of art on sepsis is presented in a manner that facilitates easy comprehension also for the non‐medical researchers by introducing sepsis, its causes, extent and comparison of diagnostic techniques (conventional labeled as well as label‐free detection). The article also provides a comprehensive discussion on sepsis biomarkers, to help researchers from multi‐disciplinary domain in developing devices and ideas to complement the existing sepsis diagnosis systems for quick and premature detection of the physiological condition and reduce mortality by means of early treatments.
Geschüttelt, nicht gerührt – Kugelmühle statt Kolben
Authors: Lange Markus , Vilotijevic Ivan
Published: May 2020

Mörser und Pistill dienen im Labor hauptsächlich dazu, Proben zu zerkleinern und zu homogenisieren. Aber dieses Werkzeug lässt sich auch als Reaktionsgefäß nutzen. Die Mechanochemie ermöglicht Produkte, die über Chemie in Lösung nicht zugänglich sind.
Schweizer Schwester
Authors: Remenyi Christian
Published: May 2020

Die Chimia ist die Mitgliederzeitschrift der Schweizerischen Chemischen Gesellschaft. Ihr Konzept: eine unabhängige internationale Chemiefachzeitschrift.
Bilanz Merck
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: May 2020

Merck hat im Jahr 2019 das meiste mit Produkten für die Arzneimittelherstellung umgesetzt. Es folgten die Arzneien selbst. Angebote für die Elektronikindustrie will der Konzern ausbauen.
Trendbericht Physikalische Chemie: Chemie auf der Attosekunden‐Zeitskala
Authors: Gräfe Stefanie
Published: May 2020

Mit Attosekundenpulsen im UV lässt sich die Elektronendynamik in Molekülen beobachten. Sie lässt Rückschlüsse darauf zu, wie Bindungen brechen und entstehen. Ein aktuelles Beispiel liefert die Aminosäure Phenylalanin. Mit Molekularstrahlexperimenten lassen sich einige der grundlegendsten Fragen der Chemie beantworten, nämlich ob und wie sich die exakte Konformation eines reaktiven Molekülpaars auf den Ausgang der Reaktion auswirkt.
Die GDCh trotzt der Krise
Authors: Schreiner Peter R. , Koch Wolfram
Published: May 2020

Die Covid‐19‐Pandemie trifft auch die GDCh hart. Der Vorstand brachte bereits einschneidende Maßnahmen auf den Weg. Doch trotz der ernsten Situation: Es gibt auch Entwicklungen, die Mut machen.
Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Natural Ascorbic Acid Analogues and Choline Chloride
Authors: Maneffa Andrew J. , Harrison Adrian B. , Radford Stewart J. , Whitehouse A. Steve , Clark James H. , Matharu Avtar S.
Published: May 2020

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are one of the most promising green technologies to emerge in recent years given their combination of environmentally friendly credentials and useful functionalities. Considering the continued search for new DES – especially those that exemplify the aforementioned characteristics, we report the preparation of DES based on natural analogues of l‐ascorbic acid for the first time. The onset of eutectic melting occurred at temperatures far below the melting point of the individual components and resulted in the generation of glass forming fluids with glass transition temperatures, viscosities and flow behavior that are comparable to similar systems. This work expands the current array of DES that can be produced using naturally occurring components, which given their potential to be bio‐derived, interesting physicochemical properties (e. g. propensity to supercool and vitrify) and apparent antibacterial nature, may provide utility within a range of applications.
Configurational Selection in Azobenzene‐Based Supramolecular Systems Through Dual‐Stimuli Processes
Authors: Tecilla Paolo , Bonifazi Davide
Published: May 2020

Azobenzene is one of the most studied light‐controlled molecular switches and it has been incorporated in a large variety of supramolecular systems to control their structural and functional properties. Given the peculiar isomeric distribution at the photoexcited state (PSS), azobenzene derivatives have been used as photoactive framework to build metastable supramolecular systems that are out of the thermodynamic equilibrium. This could be achieved exploiting the peculiar E/Z photoisomerization process that can lead to isomeric ratios that are unreachable in thermal equilibrium conditions. The challenge in the field is to find molecular architectures that, under given external circumstances, lead to a given isomeric ratio in a reversible and predictable manner, ensuring an ultimate control of the configurational distribution and system composition. By reviewing early and recent works in the field, this review aims at describing photoswitchable systems that, containing an azobenzene dye, display a controlled configurational equilibrium by means of a molecular recognition event. Specifically, examples include programmed photoactive molecular architectures binding cations, anions and H‐bonded neutral guests. In these systems the non‐covalent molecular recognition adds onto the thermal and light stimuli, equipping the supramolecular architecture with an additional external trigger to select the desired configuration composition.
Flame retardant epoxy composites with epoxy‐containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes
Authors: Liu Leichun , Zhang Wenchao , Yang Rongjie
Published: May 2020

A kind of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) containing the propoxyl‐epoxy and phenyl groups (pr‐ep‐Ph‐POSS) was synthesized via hydrolytic condensation reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry identified the structure of the pr‐ep‐Ph‐POSS, including major caged Si6O9 (T6), Si10O15 (T10), Si12O18 (T12), etc. The pr‐ep‐Ph‐POSS was applied into the epoxy resin to achieve EP/pr‐ep‐Ph‐POSS composites. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that EP/pr‐ep‐Ph‐POSS showed excellent thermal properties than pure EP. The fire behaviors of EP/pr‐ep‐Ph‐POSS composites were evaluated based on the cone calorimetry, limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 vertical burning test, and smoke density test. The smoke density decreased by ~30%, the LOI value reached to 26.4%, dripping was inhibited, and the peak of heat release rate decreased by ~62%. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and FTIR indicated that protective‐barrier effect is the main flame‐retardant mode of action for pr‐ep‐Ph‐POSS, due to the formation of the Si‐O‐Si, Si‐O‐C, and Si‐C condensed phase, which improve the thermal stability, strength, and integrity of the char layer.
Relationship between cognitive functioning, mood, and other patient factors on quality of life in metastatic brain cancer
Authors: Marotta Dario , Tucker Zachary , Hayward Emily N. , Gerstenecker Adam , Gammon Meredith , Mason Matthew , Willhelm Gabrielle , Bae Helen , Triebel Kristen
Published: May 2020

Objective

Neurocognitive functioning (NCF), mood disturbances, physical functioning, and social support all share a relationship with health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). However, investigations into these relationships have not been conducted in persons with brain metastases (BM).

Patients and methods

Ninety‐three newly diagnosed persons with BM were administered various cognitive batteries. Data were collected across a wide range of categories (ie, cognitive, demographic, disease/treatment, mood, social support, physical functioning). The Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment (FACT) scale was used to measure HRQOL.

Results

Mood and physical function correlated with lower HRQOL in every measured domain. Verbal learning and memory correlated with every FACT subscale except emotional quality of life. Social support also correlated with several HRQOL domains. Stepwise linear regression revealed that mood predicted general well‐being and several FACT subscales, including physical, emotional and cognitive well‐being. Social support and physical health were predictive of general well‐being. Verbal learning and memory predicted cognitive well‐being.

Conclusion

HRQOL is a complex construct affected by numerous variables. In particular, mood, physical functioning, and learning and memory were important predictors of HRQOL, and clinicians are encouraged to obtain information in these areas during baseline assessments in persons with BM.
The Brownian and Flow‐Driven Rotational Dynamics of a Multicomponent DNA Origami‐Based Rotor
Authors: Ahmadi Yasaman , Nord Ashley L. , Wilson Amanda J. , Hütter Christiane , Schroeder Fabian , Beeby Morgan , Barišić Ivan
Published: May 2020

Nanomechanical devices are becoming increasingly popular due to the very diverse field of potential applications, including nanocomputing, robotics, and drug delivery. DNA is one of the most promising building materials to realize complex 3D structures at the nanoscale level. Several mechanical DNA origami structures have already been designed capable of simple operations such as a DNA box with a controllable lid, bipedal walkers, and cargo sorting robots. However, the nanomechanical properties of mechanically interlinked DNA nanostructures that are in general highly deformable have yet to be extensively experimentally evaluated. In this work, a multicomponent DNA origami‐based rotor is created and fully characterized by electron microscopy under negative stain and cryo preparations. The nanodevice is further immobilized on a microfluidic chamber and its Brownian and flow‐driven rotational behaviors are analyzed in real time by single‐molecule fluorescence microscopy. The rotation in previous DNA rotors based either on strand displacement, electric field or Brownian motion. This study is the first to attempt to manipulate the dynamics of an artificial nanodevice with fluidic flow as a natural force.
Nanomaterials with active targeting as advanced antimicrobials
Authors: Smerkova Kristyna , Dolezelikova Kristyna , Bozdechova Lucie , Heger Zbynek , Zurek Ludek , Adam Vojtech
Published: May 2020

With a growing health threat of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the nanomaterials have been extensively studied as an alternative. It is assumed that antimicrobial nanomaterials can affect bacteria by several mechanisms simultaneously and thereby overcome antibiotic resistance. Another promising potential use is employing nanomaterials as nanocarriers for antibiotics in order to overcome bacterial defense mechanisms. The passive targeting of nanomaterials is the often used strategy for bacterial treatment, including intracellular infections of macrophages. Furthermore, the specific targeting enhances the efficacy of antimicrobials and reduces side effects. This review aims to discuss advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of nanomaterials in the context of the targeting strategies for antimicrobials as advanced tools for treatments of bacterial infections.

This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Erratum to: Poincaré constraints on celestial amplitudes
Authors: Law Y. T. Albert , Zlotnikov Michael
Published: May 2020

We provide corrections to equations (5.31), (5.32) and (5.33) in the original manuscript. The corrections remove typos due to which some terms in the results were omitted. The concepts, derivation strategy and conclusions remain unchanged.
ADMISSIBLE LEVEL $$ \mathfrak{osp}\left(1\left|2\right.\right) $$ MINIMAL MODELS AND THEIR RELAXED HIGHEST WEIGHT MODULES
Authors: WOOD SIMON
Published: May 2020

The minimal model$$ \mathfrak{osp}\left(1|2\right) $$osp12vertex operator superalgebras are the simple quotients of affine vertex operator superalgebras constructed from the affine Lie super algebra$$ \hat{\mathfrak{osp}}\left(1\left|2\right.\right) $$osp̂12at certain rational values of the levelk. We classify all isomorphism classes of ℤ2-graded simple relaxed highest weight modules over the minimal model$$ \mathfrak{osp}\left(1|2\right) $$osp12vertex operator superalgebras in both the Neveu–Schwarz and Ramond sectors. To this end, we combine free field realisations, screening operators and the theory of symmetric functions in the Jack basis to compute explicit presentations for the Zhu algebras in both the Neveu–Schwarz and Ramond sectors. Two different free field realisations are used depending on the level. Fork< −1, the free field realisation resembles the Wakimoto free field realisation of affine$$ \mathfrak{sl}(2) $$sl2and is originally due to Bershadsky and Ooguri. It involves 1 free boson (or rank 1 Heisenberg vertex algebra), oneβγbosonic ghost system and onebcfermionic ghost system. Fork> −1, the argument presented here requires the bosonisation of theβγsystem by embedding it into an indefinite rank 2 lattice vertex algebra.
Quality of teaching radiation oncology in Germany—where do we stand?
Authors: Oertel M. , Linde P. , Mäurer M. , Fleischmann D. F. , Dietzel C. T. , Krug D.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Medical students’ knowledge of radiation oncology (RO) is of increasing importance with a rising prevalence of malignancies. However, RO teaching in medical schools is heterogeneous and has not been analyzed at a federal level yet. Therefore, the following survey aims to provide a national overview of RO teaching in Germany.

Methods

A questionnaire containing multiple-choice and free-text questions covering the extent and topics of RO teaching was sent to RO departments of all university hospitals in Germany and was answered by the heads of department/main lecturers.

Results

24/35 (68.6%) RO departments returned completed forms. Most faculties employ lectures (91.7%), seminars (87.5%), and practical/bedside training (75.0%), whereas training in radiation biology and medical physics are rare (25% and 33.3%, respectively). Main topics covered are general RO (100%), radiation biology (91.7%), and side effects (87.5%). Regarding RO techniques and concepts, image-guided and intensity-modulated radiotherapy are taught at all faculties, followed by palliative and stereotactic techniques (87.5% each). Notably, all departments offered at least a partial rotation in RO in conjunction with radiology and/or nuclear medicine departments in the last year of medical school, while only 70.8% provided a complete rotation in RO. In addition, 57.1% of the departments have taken measures concerning the upcoming National Competence-Based Learning Objectives Catalogue (NKLM) for medical education.

Conclusion

RO plays an integral but underrepresented role in clinical medical education in Germany, but faces new challenges in the development of practical and competence-based education, which will require further innovative and interdisciplinary concepts.
CANVAS: Fallbericht einer neuen Repeat-Erkrankung mit spät beginnender Ataxie
Authors: Meindl Tobias , Cordts Isabell , Scherzer Anna-Lisa , Lingor Paul , Maegerlein Christian , Galassi Deforie Valentina , Dominik Natalia , Houlden Henry , Cortese Andrea , Deschauer Marcus
Published: May 2020

Wir schildern den Fall einer 74-jährigen Patientin, die ab dem 60. Lebensjahr ein progressives Krankheitsbild mit sensibler Neuropathie, zerebellärer Ataxie und bilateraler Vestibulopathie entwickelte. Die Familienanamnese war leer. Magnetresonanztomographisch zeigten sich eine im Vermis betonte Kleinhirnatrophie sowie eine Myelonatrophie. Syndromal wurde ein CANVAS (zerebelläre Ataxie, Neuropathie, vestibuläre Areflexie Syndrom) diagnostiziert. Für diese Erkrankung wurde 2019 der Gendefekt beschrieben, eine autosomal-rezessiv vererbte intronische Repeat-Expansion im RFC1-Gen. Diese Veränderung war bei unserer Patientin biallelisch nachweisbar. CANVAS ist eine relativ häufige Ursache einer hereditären spät beginnenden Ataxie (geschätzte Häufigkeit 5–13/100.000). Nicht immer liegt wie bei unserer Patientin das Vollbild vor. Daher sollte bei Patienten mit unklarer sporadischer spät beginnender Ataxie die Untersuchung der RFC1-Gen-Expansion erwogen werden. Da die intronische Repeat-Expansion der Next-generation-Sequenzierung entgeht, ist eine gezielte Diagnostik erforderlich.
St. Corona – eine Fürsprecherin gegen Seuchen?
Authors: Moll Friedrich H. , Schwarzburger Marie-Isabelle
Published: May 2020

Hagiographie spielt in der Wissenschaftsgeschichte noch immer, gerade bei lokalgeschichtlichen Analysen, eine wichtige Rolle. Während sich in der Urologie das Wissen um den Hl. Liborius gehalten hat, ist die Bekanntheit der Seuchenheiligen insbesondere denjenigen, die bei Geschlechtskrankheiten angerufen werden, in der Regel gesunken.
Influence of the different variants of the surface treatment on the durability of forging dies made of Unimax steel
Authors: Hawryluk Marek , Dobras Daniel , Kaszuba Marcin , Widomski Paweł , Ziemba Jacek
Published: May 2020

The study performs an analysis as well as makes a comparison of the durability of forging tools used in the die forging process made of high-strength steel Unimax. For tool steel WCL (1.2343 according to DIN), which has been applied so far, the obtained average durability has been at the level of about 6000 forgings. Additionally, in order to increase the durability of the Unimax material, two surface treatment variants were applied: in the form of ion nitriding (for nitrides A) and gas nitriding together with a PVD-Alvin coating, which were compared with the results for an insert without surface treatment. For each variant, three tools were produced, in order to obtain repeatable and verified results. In the first place, an analysis of the working conditions of the tools was performed through thorough observations of the industrial forging process, particularly the tribological conditions, including the manner of lubrication as well as the temperature distributions, by means of, among others, thermovisual examinations. Additionally, numerical modeling of the process was carried out with the purpose of a more accurate analysis of the tool work in contact. Next, a detailed analysis of the exploitation of the worn tools was performed, including a macroscopic and geometrical analysis through 3D scanning, microscopic optical, and SEM tests as well as microhardness measurements. The obtained results demonstrated that only the application of the new material, Unimax, itself caused a durability increase by 2.5 times with regard to the WCL steel used so far. In turn, with the application of additional surface engineering techniques, Unimax tools characterized in better operational properties (high thermal and abrasive wear resistance at elevated temperatures), which made it possible to forge over four times more forgings, i.e., 26,000 items, after nitriding with a PVD-Alvin coating had been applied to the tool.
Integrating in vitro data and physiologically based kinetic modeling-facilitated reverse dosimetry to predict human cardiotoxicity of methadone
Authors: Shi Miaoying , Bouwmeester Hans , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. , Strikwold Marije
Published: May 2020

Development of novel testing strategies to detect adverse human health effects is of interest to replace in vivo-based drug and chemical safety testing. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modeling-facilitated conversion of in vitro toxicity data is an adequate approach to predict in vivo cardiotoxicity in humans. To enable evaluation of predictions made, methadone was selected as the model compound, being a compound for which data on both kinetics and cardiotoxicity in humans are available. A PBK model for methadone in humans was developed and evaluated against available kinetic data presenting an adequate match. Use of the developed PBK model to convert concentration–response curves for the effect of methadone on human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) in the so-called multi electrode array (MEA) assay resulted in predictions for in vivo dose–response curves for methadone-induced cardiotoxicity that matched the available in vivo data. The results also revealed differences in protein plasma binding of methadone to be a potential factor underlying variation between individuals with respect to sensitivity towards the cardiotoxic effects of methadone. The present study provides a proof-of-principle of using PBK modeling-based reverse dosimetry of in vitro data for the prediction of cardiotoxicity in humans, providing a novel testing strategy in cardiac safety studies.
Impact of spectral body imaging in patients suspected for occult cancer: a prospective study of 503 patients
Authors: Andersen Michael Brun , Ebbesen Dyveke , Thygesen Jesper , Kruis Matthijs , Rasmussen Finn
Published: May 2020

Objectives

To investigate the diagnostic impact and performance of spectral dual-layer detector CT in the detection and characterization of cancer compared to conventional CE-CT.

Methods

In a national workup program for occult cancer, 503 patients (286 females and 217 males) were prospectively enrolled for a contrast-enhanced spectral CT scan. The readings were performed with and without spectral data available. A minimum of 3 months between interpretations was implemented to minimize recall bias. The sequence of reads for the individual patient was randomized. Readers were blinded for patient identifiers and clinical outcome. Two radiologists with 9 and 33 years of experience performed the readings in consensus. If disagreement, a third radiologist with 11 years of experience determined the outcome of the reading

Results

Significantly more cancer findings were identified on the spectral reading. In 73 cases of proven cancer, we found a sensitivity of 89% vs 77% and a specificity of 77% vs 83% on spectral CT compared to conventional CT. A slight increase in reading time in spectral images of 82 s was found (382 vs 300, p < 0.001). For all cystic lesions, the perceived diagnostic certainty increased from 30% being completely certain to 96% most pronounced in the kidney, liver, thyroid, and ovaries. And adding the spectral information to the reading gave a decrease in follow-up examination for diagnostic certainty (0.25 vs 0.81 per reading, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The use of contrast-enhanced spectral CT increases the confidence of the radiologists in correct characterization of various lesions and minimizes the need for supplementary examinations.

Key Points

• Spectral CT is associated with a higher sensitivity, but a slightly lower specificity compared to conventional CT.

• Spectral CT increases the confidence of the radiologists.

• The need for supplementary examinations is decreased, with only a slight increase in reading times.
Cinacalcet studies in pediatric subjects with secondary hyperparathyroidism receiving dialysis
Authors: Warady Bradley A. , Ng Eric , Bloss Laura , Mo May , Schaefer Franz , Bacchetta Justine
Published: May 2020

Background

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT), a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) characterized by persistently elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH), alterations in calcium-phosphorus homeostasis, and vitamin D metabolism, affects 50% of children receiving dialysis. A significant proportion of these children develop CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), associated with an increased risk of fractures and vascular calcification. The standard of care for sHPT in children includes vitamin D sterols, calcium supplementation, and phosphate binders. Several agents are approved for sHPT treatment in adults undergoing dialysis, including vitamin D analogs and calcimimetics, with limited information on their safety and efficacy in children. The calcimimetic cinacalcet is approved for use in adults with sHPT on dialysis, but is not approved for pediatric use outside Europe.

Methods

This review provides dosing, safety, and efficacy information from Amgen-sponsored cinacalcet pediatric trials and data from non-Amgen sponsored clinical studies.

Results

The Amgen cinacalcet pediatric clinical development program consisted of two Phase 3 randomized studies, one Phase 3 single arm extension study, one open-label Phase 2 study, and two open-label Phase 1 studies. Effects of cinacalcet on PTH varied across studies. Overall, 7.4 to 57.1% of subjects who received cinacalcet in an Amgen clinical trial attained PTH levels within recommended target ranges and 22.2 to 70.6% observed a ≥ 30% reduction in PTH. In addition, significant reductions in PTH were demonstrated in all non-Amgen-supported studies.

Conclusions

To help inform the pediatric nephrology community, this manuscript contains the most comprehensive review of cinacalcet usage in pediatric CKD patients to date.