bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous muscle hematoma in older patients with COVID-19: two case reports and literature review
Authors: Rogani Sara , Calsolaro Valeria , Franchi Riccardo , Calabrese Alessia Maria , Okoye Chukwuma , Monzani Fabio
Published: December 2020

Background

In late December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases due to a novel betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 was reported in China. The so-called COVID 19 is responsible not only for respiratory symptoms, from mild up to pneumonia and even acute respiratory distress syndrome, but also for extrapulmonary involvement.

Cases presentation

Here we present two cases of spontaneous muscle hematoma in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, both on therapeutic LMWH for atrial fibrillation: the first one was an 86-year-old Caucasian female with a history of hypertensive cardiomyopathy and the second one was an 81-year-old Caucasian male with a history of hypertension, diabetes and ischemic heart disease. Blood tests revealed a considerable drop of hemoglobin and alterations of coagulation system. In both cases, embolization of femoral artery was performed. A few other cases of bleeding manifestations are reported in literature, while a lot has been published about the hypercoagulability related to COVID-19.

Conclusions

Our reports and literature review highlight the need of active surveillance for possible hemorrhagic complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Pre-operative beta-blocker therapy does not affect short-term mortality after esophageal resection for cancer
Authors: Reda Souheil , Ahl Rebecka , Szabo Eva , Stenberg Erik , Forssten Maximilian Peter , Sjolin Gabriel , Cao Yang , Mohseni Shahin
Published: December 2020

Background

It has been postulated that the hyperadrenergic state caused by surgical trauma is associated with worse outcomes and that β-blockade may improve overall outcome by downregulation of adrenergic activity. Esophageal resection is a surgical procedure with substantial risk for postoperative mortality. There is insufficient data to extrapolate the existing association between preoperative β-blockade and postoperative mortality to esophageal cancer surgery. This study assessed whether preoperative β-blocker therapy affects short-term postoperative mortality for patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery.

Methods

All patients with an esophageal cancer diagnosis that underwent surgical resection with curative intent from 2007 to 2017 were retrospectively identified from the Swedish National Register for Esophagus and Gastric Cancers (NREV). Patients were subdivided into β-blocker exposed and unexposed groups. Propensity score matching was carried out in a 1:1 ratio. The outcome of interest was 90-day postoperative mortality.

Results

A total of 1466 patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 35% (n = 513) were on regular preoperative β-blocker therapy. Patients on β-blockers were significantly older, more comorbid and less fit for surgery based on their ASA score. After propensity score matching, 513 matched pairs were available for analysis. No difference in 90-day mortality was detected between β-blocker exposed and unexposed patients (6.0% vs. 6.6%, p = 0.798).

Conclusion

Preoperative β-blocker therapy is not associated with better short-term survival in patients subjected to curative esophageal tumor resection.
Maximizing PHB content in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: a new metabolic engineering strategy based on the regulator PirC
Authors: Koch Moritz , Bruckmoser Jonas , Scholl Jörg , Hauf Waldemar , Rieger Bernhard , Forchhammer Karl
Published: December 2020

Background

PHB (poly-hydroxy-butyrate) represents a promising bioplastic alternative with good biodegradation properties. Furthermore, PHB can be produced in a completely carbon–neutral fashion in the natural producer cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. This strain has been used as model system in past attempts to boost the intracellular production of PHB above ~ 15% per cell-dry-weight (CDW).

Results

We have created a new strain that lacks the regulatory protein PirC (product of sll0944), which exhibits a higher activity of the phosphoglycerate mutase resulting in increased PHB pools under nutrient limiting conditions. To further improve the intracellular PHB content, two genes involved in PHB metabolism, phaA and phaB, from the known producer strain Cupriavidus necator, were introduced under the control of the strong promotor PpsbA2. The resulting strain, termed PPT1 (ΔpirC-REphaAB), produced high amounts of PHB under continuous light as well under a day-night regime. When grown in nitrogen and phosphorus depleted medium, the cells produced up to 63% per CDW. Upon the addition of acetate, the content was further increased to 81% per CDW. The produced polymer consists of pure PHB, which is highly isotactic.

Conclusion

The amounts of PHB achieved with PPT1 are the highest ever reported in any known cyanobacterium and demonstrate the potential of cyanobacteria for a sustainable, industrial production of PHB.
Comparison of two different models of rehabilitation programs following total knee replacement operations
Authors: Zaghlol Rabab S. , Khalil Sahar S. , Attia Ahmed M. , Dawa Ghada A.
Published: December 2020

Background

Total knee replacement operation (TKR) is the treatment of choice in severe knee osteoarthritis (OA). Rehabilitation post-TKR is still not well studied. The aim of this study was to compare between the high-intensity (HI) rehabilitation program and the low-intensity (LI) rehabilitation program following TKR.

Results

At 1 month following the TKR operations, significant improvements were found in the first group compared to the second group in all the measured parameters except for the knee range of motion (ROM). At 3 and 12 months follow-up periods, there were statistically significant differences between both groups in all the evaluated parameters except for the numeric pain rating scale and the knee ROM.

Conclusions

Both high-intensity and low-intensity rehabilitation programs are effective; however, HI program had superior functional gain and patient-reported outcomes compared to the LI program. Moreover, HI group has a long-term functional gain.
Relative Impact of Anticancer Therapy on Unplanned Hospital Care in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shah Manan P. , Neal Joel W.
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE:

In lung cancer, unplanned hospital care is a significant driver of costs. While toxicities of cancer therapies are well-known, there are little data on their relative contribution to unplanned care. This study aims to (1) determine the relative impact of tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, and cytotoxic chemotherapy on unplanned hospital care and (2) identify potential strategies to prevent unplanned hospital encounters in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS:

A research database search of the electronic health record was used to identify 97 patients with established NSCLC who were undergoing either TKI therapy, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy at our institution and visited our emergency department (ED) in 2018. The resulting 173 ED encounters were reviewed to determine (1) the cause (cancer, therapy, other, or rule-out) of each encounter and (2) whether the encounter was preventable.

RESULTS:

A small portion (9%) of all unplanned hospital encounters were therapy related (2% in the TKI therapy group, 12% in the immunotherapy group, and 21% in the chemotherapy group). Cancer itself was the leading cause (54%) of the encounters. Over 20% of all encounters were classified as preventable, and half of those encounters were deemed unnecessary.

DISCUSSION:

TKI therapy, immunotherapy, and, to a lesser extent, chemotherapy are relatively small drivers of unplanned acute hospital care for patients with NSCLC. A significant share of unplanned hospital encounters may be prevented through proactive evidence-based initiatives.
Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Chinese Population via Advanced Machine Learning
Authors: Wu Yan-Ting , Zhang Chen-Jie , Mol Ben Willem , Kawai Andrew , Li Cheng , Chen Lei , Wang Yu , Sheng Jian-Zhong , Fan Jian-Xia , Shi Yi , Huang He-Feng
Published: December 2020

Context

Accurate methods for early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (during the first trimester of pregnancy) prediction in Chinese and other populations are lacking.

Objectives

This work aimed to establish effective models to predict early GDM.

Methods

Pregnancy data for 73 variables during the first trimester were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Based on a machine learning (ML)-driven feature selection method, 17 variables were selected for early GDM prediction. To facilitate clinical application, 7 variables were selected from the 17-variable panel. Advanced ML approaches were then employed using the 7-variable data set and the 73-variable data set to build models predicting early GDM for different situations, respectively.

Results

A total of 16 819 and 14 992 cases were included in the training and testing sets, respectively. Using 73 variables, the deep neural network model achieved high discriminative power, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.80. The 7-variable logistic regression (LR) model also achieved effective discriminate power (AUC = 0.77). Low body mass index (BMI) (≤ 17) was related to an increased risk of GDM, compared to a BMI in the range of 17 to 18 (minimum risk interval) (11.8% vs 8.7%, P = .09). Total 3,3,5′-triiodothyronine (T3) and total thyroxin (T4) were superior to free T3 and free T4 in predicting GDM. Lipoprotein(a) was demonstrated a promising predictive value (AUC = 0.66).

Conclusions

We employed ML models that achieved high accuracy in predicting GDM in early pregnancy. A clinically cost-effective 7-variable LR model was simultaneously developed. The relationship of GDM with thyroxine and BMI was investigated in the Chinese population.
TGF-β Signaling in Pancreatic Islet β Cell Development and Function
Authors: Lee Ji-Hyun , Lee Ji-Hyeon , Rane Sushil G
Published: December 2020

Pancreatic islet beta cells (β-cells) synthesize and secrete insulin in response to rising glucose levels and thus are a prime target in both major forms of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes ensues due to autoimmune destruction of β-cells. On the other hand, the prevailing insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) elicits a compensatory response from β-cells that involves increases in β-cell mass and function. However, the sustained metabolic stress results in β-cell failure, characterized by severe β-cell dysfunction and loss of β-cell mass. Dynamic changes to β-cell mass also occur during pancreatic development that involves extensive growth and morphogenesis. These orchestrated events are triggered by multiple signaling pathways, including those representing the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. TGF-β pathway ligands play important roles during endocrine pancreas development, β-cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, new findings are suggestive of TGF-β’s role in regulation of adult β-cell mass and function. Collectively, these findings support the therapeutic utility of targeting TGF-β in diabetes. Summarizing the role of the various TGF-β pathway ligands in β-cell development, growth and function in normal physiology, and during diabetes pathogenesis is the topic of this mini-review.
Displacements
Authors: Thomas Deborah A.
Published: December 2020

The long 1950s in Jamaica encompassed the pivotal moments that set into motion the infrastructures of modern political, social, economic, and artistic activity. They also brought into relief struggles over the appropriate scales of interaction, whether national, regional, Pan-African, or diasporic. This essay lays out three of the experiential baselines that would have undergirded these processes—the beginnings of developmentalism, the normativity of migration, and the more explicit emergence of the United States as a significant actor within political and economic affairs. It argues that by the end of the long 1950s, the earlier-twentieth-century story of an emergent civil society in Jamaica was displaced by the story of political society. The result has been a formal decolonization that lacked some of the decolonial social and cultural visions of earlier moments.
Η διαφοροποιημένη παιδαγωγική στο πλαίσιο της ενταξιακής εκπαίδευσης: ερευνώντας τις πρακτικές τελειόφοιτων νηπιαγωγών
Authors: Τσερμίδου Λία , Ζώνιου-Σιδέρη Αθηνά
Published: December 2020

H φοίτηση ανάπηρων μαθητών/τριών στη γενική εκπαίδευση σε συνθήκες που διασφαλίζουν την ενεργή και ισότιμη συμμετοχή τους στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία αποτελεί κεντρικό στόχο της εκπαιδευτικής πολιτικής πολλών κρατών παγκοσμίως. Εντούτοις, διεθνείς οργανισμοί και πλήθος ερευνητικών πορισμάτων υποδεικνύουν την αδυναμία του εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος να ανταποκριθεί στον αντισταθμιστικό ρόλο του ως προς τον εκπαιδευτικό και κοινωνικό αποκλεισμό των ανάπηρων μαθητών/τριών. Υπό το πρίσμα μίας τέτοιας διαπίστωσης, η διαφοροποιημένη παιδαγωγική δύναται να αποτελέσει, στο επίπεδο της σχολικής πράξης, ένα κατάλληλο πλαίσιο για τη διαχείριση της ετερότητας και την αξιοποίηση της διαφορετικότητας. Tο συγκεκριμένο άρθρο επιχειρεί να αναδείξει, αφενός, τις πρακτικές της διαφοροποιημένης παιδαγωγικής που προάγουν την ενταξιακή εκπαίδευση, και αφετέρου να εντοπίσει μια σειρά κυρίαρχων πρακτικών που τελικώς προωθούν διακρίσεις και διαχωρισμό ως προς την εκπαίδευση των ανάπηρων μαθητών/τριών. Συγκεκριμένα, παρουσιάζονται τα πορίσματα μιας έρευνας η οποία, αξιοποιώντας την ποιοτική μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση, μελετά τις πρακτικές των τελειόφοιτων νηπιαγωγών σχετικά με την εφαρμογή της ενταξιακής εκπαίδευσης μέσω της διαφοροποιημένης παιδαγωγικής. Βάσει των αποτελεσμάτων της έρευνας, η διαφοροποιημένη παιδαγωγική αναγνωρίζεται ως ένα μέσο προαγωγής της ενταξιακής εκπαίδευσης, σε επίπεδο σχολικής πράξης. Παράλληλα, όμως, εντοπίζεται αντίφαση στις πρακτικές των τελειόφοιτων νηπιαγωγών ως προς την αναγνώριση της αξίας της διαφοροποιημένης παιδαγωγικής και της θέσης της στο πλαίσιο της εκπαιδευτικής πραγματικότητας.
Aggregation/disaggregation as a theoretical tool
Authors: Marek Ivo
Published: December 2020

The main aim of this contribution is to establish convergence of some iterative procedures that play an important role in the PageRank computation. The problems we are interested in are considered in two recent papers by Ipsen and Selee, and Lee, Golub andZenios. Both these papers present new ideas to solve the celebrated problem of the PageRank. Our aim is to show that the results and some generalizations of them can be proven via an application of the iterative aggregation/disaggregation methods. One of the results may be of particular interest. It concerns a proof that the two-stage algorithm proposed by Lee, Golub and Zenios does compute the PageRank. This problem has been raised in the literature. We answer this question in positive by showing appropriate necessary and sufficient conditions. In addition a short proof of the celebrated Google lemma is presented.
Collective Creative Activity in Foreign Language Classes at an Agrarian University
Authors: Mizyurova E.
Published: December 2020

The relevance of this article is due to the consideration of the problem of organizing collective creative activity in classes in mixed groups in the foreign language, especially at the universities which are part of the consortium of supporting educational organizations-experts of Russian education
PANLATINISMO Y ANTIAMERICANISMO EN LA POESÍA POLÍTICA DE RUBÉN DARÍO. CASO DE ESTUDIO: “A ROOSEVELT” (1904)
Authors: Albarrán Gutiérrez Álvaro
Published: December 2020

El presente documento tiene como objeto el estudio de la oda “A Roosevelt” (1904) de Rubén Darío a través de la aplicación de una metodología de análisis revisionista basada en una lectura detallada del texto que permita elucidar la presencia y transcendencia de los distintos discursos raciales y socioculturales que constituyen la base ideológica del mismo. Tras una breve introducción al contexto histórico, político y cultural en que el poema fue producido, el documento examina detalladamente los rasgos constitutivos que el poeta adscribe a las comunidades estadounidense e hispanoamericana en su intento de establecer a ambos pueblos dentro de una relación de complementación u oposición binaria. En última instancia, el análisis realizado demuestra cómo la imagen de EE. UU. e Hispanoamérica que Darío delinea a lo largo del texto se articula en base a los discursos panlatinistas y antiamericanistas que proliferaron a finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX como respuesta a las tentativas expansionistas del gobierno norteamericano, abogando por la unión de los pueblos de Centro y Sudamérica frente a su enemigo común.
Scattering from a slightly rough chiral surface: analysis with the small perturbation method and the small slope approximation
Authors: Afifi Saddek , Dusséaux Richard
Published: December 2020

We study the scattering of a linearly polarized electromagnetic plane wave by a two-dimensional random slightly rough surface separating the vacuum from a chiral medium. We implement the first-order small perturbation method (SPM) and the first-order small slope approximation (SSA) and determine the analytical expressions of the coherent and incoherent intensities. The effects of chirality on the polarization of the wave scattered within the vacuum are analyzed. The coherent intensity has a cross-polarized component as well as the incoherent intensity in the incidence plane. We show that there are configurations for which a total polarization coupling occurs with the co-polarized incoherent intensity equal to zero.
Helminth infections among rural schoolchildren in Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional multilevel and zero-inflated regression model
Authors: Hailu Amare Hiwot , Lindtjørn Bernt
Published: December 2020

Although the prevalence of helminths infection among schoolchildren is known, there has been little progress in the application of count model for modelling the risk factors of helminths egg. Only a few studies applied multilevel analysis to explore the variation in helminths prevalence across schools and classes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, intensity of helminths infection, and identify risk factors at the individual-, household-, and school-level among schoolchildren in Southern Ethiopia. Using multistage random sampling, we recruited 864 students in the Wonago District. We applied multilevel-logistic and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models (ZINB). Risk factors were concentrated at the individual level; school-level and class-level variables explained less than 5% of the variance. The overall helminths prevalence was 56% (479/850); Trichuris trichiura prevalence was 42.4% (360/850); and Ascaris lumbricoides prevalence was 18.7% (159/850). The rate of any helminths increased among thin children (AOR: 1.73 [95% CI: (1.04, 2.90]), anemic (AOR: 1.45 [95% CI: 1.04, 2.03]), mothers who had no formal education (AOR: 2.08 [95% CI: 1.25, 3.47]), and those in households using open containers for water storage (AOR: 2.06 [95% CI: 1.07, 3.99]). In the ZINB model, A. lumbricoides infection intensity increased with increasing age (AOR: 1.08 [95% CI: 1.01, 1.16]) and unclean fingernails (AOR: 1.47 [95% CI: 1.07, 2.03]). Handwashing with soap (AOR: 0.68 [95% CI: 0.48, 0.95]), de-worming treatment [AOR: 0.57 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.98)], and using water from protected sources [AOR: 0.46 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.77)] were found to be protective against helminths infection. After controlling for clustering effects at the school and class levels and accounting for excess zeros in fecal egg counts, we found an association between helminths infection and the following variables: age, thinness, anemia, unclean fingernails, handwashing, de-worming treatment, mother’s education, household water source, and water storage protection. Improving hygiene behavior, providing safe water at school and home, and strengthening de-worming programs is required to improve the health of schoolchildren in rural Gedeo.
Social representation of fair price among professional photographers
Authors: Feybesse Cyrille , Lubart Todd , Rasa Leela , Ossom Charlotte , Cavasino Victor , Jacob Julien , Lemonnier Thibaud
Published: December 2020

We investigated the social representation of fair price of French and English-speaking photographers using the free association method. In two independent studies, we performed a factorial analysis of correspondence of the words provided by the participants as well as a similitude analysis. The results indicated that “fair price” was mainly associated with time, effort and experience level of photographers. Both French- and English-speaking samples made similar associations around the concept of fair price but the order of importance varied. We observed some gender-related differences in both samples, although the relative number of male and female participants must be taken into consideration.
COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti: Epidemiology and the response strategy followed to contain the virus during the first two months, 17 March to 16 May 2020
Authors: Elhakim Mohamed , Tourab Saleh Banoita , Zouiten Ahmed
Published: December 2020

First cases of COVID-19 were reported from Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it progressed rapidly. On 30 January, WHO declared the new disease as a PHEIC, then as a Pandemic on 11 March. By mid-March, the virus spread widely; Djibouti was not spared and was hit by the pandemic with the first case detected on 17 March. Djibouti worked with WHO and other partners to develop a preparedness and response plan, and implemented a series of intervention measures. MoH together with its civilian and military partners, closely followed WHO recommended strategy based on four pillars: testing, isolating, early case management, and contact tracing. From 17 March to 16 May, Djibouti performed the highest per capita tests in Africa and isolated, treated and traced the contacts of each positive case, which allowed for a rapid control of the epidemic. COVID-19 data included in this study was collected through MoH Djibouti during the period from 17 March to 16 May 2020. A total of 1,401 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were included in the study with 4 related deaths (CFR: 0.3%) and an attack rate of 0.15%. Males represented (68.4%) of the cases, with the age group 31–45 years old (34.2%) as the most affected. Djibouti conducted 17,532 tests, and was considered as a champion for COVID-19 testing in Africa with 18.2 tests per 1000 habitant. All positive cases were isolated, treated and had their contacts traced, which led to early and proactive diagnosis of cases and in turn yielded up to 95–98% asymptomatic cases. Recoveries reached 69% of the infected cases with R0 (0.91). The virus was detected in 4 regions in the country, with the highest percentage in the capital (83%). Djibouti responded to COVID-19 pandemic following an efficient and effective strategy, using a strong collaboration between civilian and military health assets that increased the response capacities of the country. Partnership, coordination, solidarity, proactivity and commitment were the pillars to confront COVID-19 pandemic.
Presence and abundance of bacteria with the Type VI secretion system in a coastal environment and in the global oceans
Authors: Kempnich Michael W. , Sison-Mangus Marilou P.
Published: December 2020

Marine bacteria employ various strategies to maintain their competitive advantage over others in a mixed community. The use of Type VI Secretion Systems (T6SS), a protein secretion apparatus used as a molecular weapon for interbacterial competition and eukaryotic interactions, is one of the competitive strategies that is least studied among heterotrophic bacteria living in the water column. To get an insight into the temporal and spatial distribution of bacteria with T6SS in this portion of the marine environment, we examine the presence and abundance of T6SS-bearing bacteria at both local and global scales through the use of metagenome data from water samples obtained from the coast of Monterey Bay and the TARA Oceans project. We also track the abundance of T6SS-harboring bacteria through a two-year time series of weekly water samples in the same coastal site to examine the environmental factors that may drive their presence and abundance. Among the twenty-one T6SS-bearing bacterial genera examined, we found several genera assume a particle-attached lifestyle, with only a few genera having a free-living lifestyle. The abundance of T6SS-harboring bacteria in both niches negatively correlates with the abundance of autotrophs. Globally, we found that T6SS genes are much more abundant in areas with low biological productivity. Our data suggest that T6SS-harboring bacteria tend to be abundant spatially and temporally when organic resources are limited. This ecological study agrees with the patterns observed from several in vitro studies; that T6SS could be an adaptive strategy employed by heterotrophic bacteria to obtain nutrients or reduce competition when resources are in limited quantity.
Effect of ultrasonic vibration on microshear bond strength of flowable composite to enamel
Authors: Ebrahimi Nezhad Mahtab , Jafarpour Dana , Gholamrezaei Saravi Mahdi
Published: December 2020

Objective: The present study aimed to assess the influence of vibration effect on microshear bond strength (µSBS) of flowable composite to enamel. Material and Methods: Sixty non-carious extracted human premolar teeth were collected and randomly divided into six groups (n = 10) after being trimmed to produce a smooth flat surface: Flowable composites [Wave (SDI), Wave HV (SDI) and Grandioflow (Voco)] were used as bonding agents without or with vibration using an ultrasonic scaler (Mini Piezon, EMS, Switzerland). Composite resin, with an internal diameter of 0.7mm and height of 1mm, was cured on the substrate. The specimens’ µSBS was tested by a microtensile tester (Bisco, USA) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The bond strength values were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results: Vibration did not lead to any significant difference in the µSBS values of Wave, Wave HV, and Grandio Flow µSBS values (P=0.690, P=1.000 and P=0.947, respectively). No significant difference was found between flowable composites in terms of micro shear bond strength to enamel (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The application of ultrasonic vibration might not be advantageous in terms of improving the shear bond strength of flowable composites to enamel.
KEYWORDS
Bond strength; Enamel; Flowable composite; Ultrasonic; Vibration.
Os motivos da hesitação dos pais em vacinar: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Mendes Carla , Clara Isabel , Oliveira Sílvia , Gonçalves Rui Pedro
Published: December 2020

A vacinação representa uma das mais importantes descobertas da medicina, estimando-se que previna anualmente, cerca de seis milhões de óbitos em todo o mundo. A hesitação em vacinar tem vindo a aumentar nos últimos anos, assistindo-se mesmo a movimentos anti vacinais que colocam em questão a efetividade das vacinas, com fundamentos baseados na existência de mais malefícios, que benefícios. Objetivou-se identificar na literatura internacional as causas da hesitação dos pais em vacinar. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com base na seguinte questão de pesquisa: Quais os fatores que contribuem para a hesitação dos pais/cuidadores em vacinar os filhos? A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados CINAHL e MEDLINE, entre 2014 e 2019, através dos descritores: child* OR adolesc* AND vaccination OR vaccine OR immunization AND adherence; AND anti-vaccination AND hesitation. Após filtragem e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, obteve-se um total de 13 artigos. Fatores sociodemográficos e familiares, políticas de saúde nacionais, acesso à informação e sentimentos e comportamentos dos pais, constituem aspetos relevantes para a hesitação dos pais à vacinação e consequente recusa em vacinar. Em conclusão, o conhecimento dos fatores subjacentes à hesitação em vacinar, é essencial para que os enfermeiros planeiem a sua intervenção, no sentido de promoverem a adesão à vacinação pela população, com base no correto esclarecimento sobre os benefícios da mesma, quer para a saúde individual, como para a saúde pública.
LGR5 in Barrett's Esophagus and its Utility in Predicting Patients at Increased Risk of Advanced Neoplasia
Authors: Neyaz Azfar , Odze Robert D. , Rickelt Steffen , Nieman Linda T. , Bledsoe Jacob R. , Mahadevan Krishnan K. , Arora Kshitij , Jeck William R. , Taylor Martin S. , Gala Manish , Patil Deepa T. , Yilmaz Omer H. , Rivera Miguel N. , Ting David T. , Deshpande Vikram
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:

The expression of LGR5, a known stem cell marker, is poorly understood in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and related neoplasia. The aim of this study was to evaluate LGR5 in BE and related neoplasia and to evaluate its utility as a potential biomarker of progression to advanced neoplasia.

METHODS:

We evaluated total 137 patients, including 119 with BE and 18 with normal gastroesophageal mucosa for expression of LGR5 using RNA in situ hybridization; this also included 28 progressors and 30 nonprogressors. The LGR5 stain was evaluated using 1 qualitative and 2 quantitative parameters, using manual and automated platforms.

RESULTS:

Surface LGR5 expression was mainly seen in high-grade dysplasia (12/18) compared with low-grade dysplasia (1/8) and nondysplastic BE (0/17) (P < 0.0001). In contrast to nondysplastic BE, low- and high-grade dysplasia showed a higher percentage of mean number of LGR5-positive crypts per patient (P < 0.0001) and an increase in the mean number of LGR5 transcripts per cell (P < 0.0001). The mean percentage of LGR5-positive crypts per patient and the mean number of LGR5 transcripts per cell were also significantly higher in nondysplastic BE from progressor compared with nonprogressor (P < 0.0001, P = 0.014). The sensitivity and specificity of LGR5 for distinguishing progressor from nonprogressor were 50% and 87%, respectively.

DISCUSSION:

BE-related advanced neoplasia shows an expansion of the LGR5-positive cellular compartment, supporting its role as a stem cell marker in this disease. Quantitative LGR5 expression and surface epithelial reactivity are novel biomarkers of increased risk of progression to advanced neoplasia in BE.
Videoperformance
Authors: Vinhosa Luciano
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo apresento os termos iniciais de pesquisa sobre a performance e sua imagem em vídeo e/ou cinegrafada. No decurso da argumentação são nuançados e problematizados os meros registros de performance das performances pensadas a partir do registro. Também são brevemente elencados os diferentes recortes conceituais, bem como as principais questões pelas quais se seguirá com a investigação de modo que o leitor possa ter uma ideia da totalidade e da delimitação do quadro de pesquisa.
Development of a Unifying Theory for Data Mining Using Clustering Techniques
Authors: Hamodi Yaser Issam , Hussein Ruaa Riyadh , Yousir Naeem Th.
Published: December 2020

A performance evaluation of four different clustering techniques was carried out based on segmenting consumer by product type and by product usage in the research. Cobweb, DBSCAN, EM and k-means algorithms were evaluated based on the computational time, accuracy of the result produced and the purity of the result produced. The experiment was performed using WEKA as a data mining tool. The performance evaluation of the four techniques showed that K-means outperformed others in all considered evaluation measure while the EM technique was the second best in terms of accuracy and purity, outperforming the other two. DBSCAN technique was the 3rd best of the selected algorithms even as its computational time is shorter than that of EM while the fourth best performing calculation has been believed to be the Spider web calculation as respects to immaculateness, exactness and computational time.
A Strategic Vision to Reduce Cybercrime to Enhance Cyber Security
Authors: Alghamdi Mohammed I.
Published: December 2020

The cyber-security development for future generations is at stake as a global concern. The existing strategic and policy structures on cyber security and awareness-raising at many levels needs more investigation in order to formulate workable and efficient strategic vision that addresses actual needs and challenges. The justification for this work is therefore to test the robustness, in contrast with some of the most technologically advanced countries on the Asian Continent and others like the USA, Japan, of Saudi Arabia's current cyber security strategy in order to keep the NCSS up-to-date. This research aimed to develop a strategic vision to combat cybercrime to enhance cyber security. The research results confirmed the approval of the members of the study community to a medium degree on the reality of digital extremism and cyber terrorism as seen by the researcher. Moreover, the approval of the members of the study community was to a high degree on the role of combating cybercrime in promoting human security as seen by the researcher. The members of the study community agreed with a high degree on the obstacles identified by the researcher to combat cyber-crimes to enhance human security in Saudi Arabia. There was a high approval of the study community members on the strategic vision developed by the researcher to combat cyber-crimes to enhance human security in Saudi Arabia.
Review Study on Different Attack Strategies of Worm in a Network
Authors: Mondal Avijit , Das Arnab Kumar , Nath Sayan , Goswami Radha Tamal
Published: December 2020

In today’s era Internet worm is a giant threat to the network infrastructure. Although there are different strategies to sense those hazard at early stages. They detect using some signature based approach. But when novel attacks come into the structure, it is very hard to detect them as they do not have any previous signature. For those some signature based methodology is used. In our work we have reviewed different strategies of internet worm detection and prevention and this article also explores the existing techniques to automate signatures for network worms.
Effective Use of Big Data Planning and Analytics in Crop Planting
Authors: Karthick T. , Devi T. Kirthiga , Ramprasath M.
Published: December 2020

The effective rainfall, temperature and humidity received in a particular region plays a huge role in the development of crops in agriculture during all time lapses of yield. There could be instances when the constraining, precipitation, temperature and humidity probably won't be adequate to help crop development and along these lines information about it already can help crop growers in assessing the kind of crop that needs to be grown for maximum profit considering the farmer‟s contribution. Expectation of viable precipitation, temperature and humidity needs is a difficult chore which requires an accurate and conscientious investigation of a compelling synopsis of components, for instance, humidity and temperature. A few years ago successful rainfall was registered by contemplating triple central points, the humidity, climate and the resulting precipitation. Various numerical models have been planned and expected over many years and a considerable amount of it are still applied to locate the „successful precipitation‟. Here the forceful precipitation, temperature and humidity is registered by an advancement of difficult mathematical calculations which have been divided into more straightforward approaches and processes and given as an expected outcome. In the expected work, we foresee reasonable earning of crops for development dependent on atmospheric characteristics such as precipitation, temperature and humidity.
Blurred Facial Expression Recognition System by Using Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Taee Elaf J. Al , Jasim Qasim Mohammed
Published: December 2020

A facial expression is a visual impression of a person's situations, emotions, cognitive activity, personality, intention and psychopathology, it has an active and vital role in the exchange of information and communication between people. In machines and robots which dedicated to communication with humans, the facial expressions recognition play an important and vital role in communication and reading of what is the person implies, especially in the field of health. For that the research in this field leads to development in communication with the robot. This topic has been discussed extensively, and with the progress of deep learning and use Convolution Neural Network CNN in image processing which widely proved efficiency, led to use CNN in the recognition of facial expressions. Automatic system for Facial Expression Recognition FER require to perform detection and location of faces in a cluttered scene, feature extraction, and classification. In this research, the CNN used for perform the process of FER. The target is to label each image of facial into one of the seven facial emotion categories considered in the JAFFE database. JAFFE facial expression database with seven facial expression labels as sad, happy, fear, surprise, anger, disgust, and natural are used in this research. We trained CNN with different depths using gray-scale images from the JAFFE database.The accuracy of proposed system was 100%.
Evaluación del papel de diversos biomarcadores en el desarrollo de eventos cardiovasculares adversos mayores en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca
Authors: Imperiali Claudia E. , Lopez-Delgado Juan C. , Dastis-Arias Macarena , Sanchez-Navarro Lourdes
Published: December 2020

Objetivos

Aunque los eventos cardiovasculares adversos mayores (MACE) son frecuentes en el postoperatorio de la cirugía cardíaca (CC), no se suele evaluar el riesgo de desarrollarlos. Analizamos una serie de biomarcadores postoperatorios potencialmente relacionados con el desarrollo de MACE durante el postoperatorio de CC.

Métodos

Se incluyeron 210 pacientes de CC. Se consideraron MACE el infarto agudo de miocardio, fallo cardíaco, ictus durante el ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, y mortalidad a los 30 días tras la CC. Se midieron la troponina T de alta sensibilidad (hs-TnT), proteína C reactiva (PCR), procalcitonina (PCT), interleucina 6 (IL-6) en plasma y la fracción de plaquetas inmaduras (IPF) en sangre al ingreso en la UCI y a las 24 h. Se calculó la diferencia entre ambas medidas (Δ) para evaluar la relación entre estos biomarcadores y MACE. Los pacientes con infección inmediata tras la CC (n=13) fueron excluidos del análisis final.

Resultados

Las intervenciones más frecuentes fueron la cirugía univalvular (n=83; 38%) y la cirugía de revascularización coronaria (n=72; 34%). Se diagnosticaron MACE postoperatorios en 31 (14.8%) pacientes. Los pacientes con MACE mostraron una elevación de biomarcadores a las 24 h con respecto al ingreso en la UCI. Se observó una relación independiente entre ΔIPF (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.110–1.960; p=0.008) y Δhs-TnT (OR: 1.001; 95% CI: 1.0002–1.001; p=0.008) y los MACE.

Conclusiones

Las concentraciones postoperatorias de ΔIPF y Δhs-TnT pueden ser útiles para identificar a pacientes con riesgo de desarrollar MACE.
An improvement to the John-Nirenberg inequality for functions in critical Sobolev spaces
Authors: Martínez Ángel D. , Spector Daniel
Published: December 2020

It is known that functions in a Sobolev space with critical exponent embed into the space of functions of bounded mean oscillation, and therefore satisfy the John-Nirenberg inequality and a corresponding exponential integrability estimate. While these inequalities are optimal for general functions of bounded mean oscillation, the main result of this paper is an improvement for functions in a class of critical Sobolev spaces. Precisely, we prove the inequality

H

∞

β

(
{
x
∈
Ω
:

|

I
α

f
(
x
)

|

>
t
}
)
≤
C

e

−
c

t

q
′

$$\mathcal{H}^{\beta}_{\infty}(\{x\in \Omega:|I_\alpha f(x)|>t\})\leq Ce^{-ct^{q'}}$$

for all

∥
f

∥

L

N

/

α
,
q

(
Ω
)

≤
1

$\|f\|_{L^{N/\alpha,q}(\Omega)}\leq 1$

and any

β
∈
(
0
,
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,

where

Ω
⊂

R

N

,

H

∞

β

$\beta \in (0,N], \; {\text{where}} \; \Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N, \mathcal{H}^{\beta}_{\infty}$

is the Hausdorff content, LN

/α,q
(Ω) is a Lorentz space with q ∈ (1,∞], q' = q/(q − 1) is the Hölder conjugate to q, and Iαf denotes the Riesz potential of f of order α ∈ (0, N).
Experimental and numerical investigations of fracture and fatigue behaviour of implant-supported bars with distal extension made of three different materials
Authors: Mochalski Jennifer , Fröhls Christian , Keilig Ludger , Bourauel Christoph , Dörsam Istabrak
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate experimentally the fatigue and stability of three bar materials with distal extension at the molar region and to numerically analyse the biomechanical properties of the bar materials connected to overdentures in a patient individual model. A milled bar was designed for the mandible on four implants in the canine and second premolar region. Three bar materials were investigated: titanium (Ti), cobalt chromium (CoCr), and polyetherketonketon (PEKK). Firstly, static and fatigue tests were performed based on EN ISO 14801 in a commercial permanent loading set-up. Unilateral axial force was applied on the distal extension of the bars. Secondly, numerical models were created. Different bar materials and loading scenarios were analysed. The static fracture limit of the three materials was 1,750 N, 780 N, 310 N for Ti, CoCr, and PEKK, respectively. The Wöhler curves showed comparable fatigue limits of 200 N, 160 N, and 150 N for titanium, CoCr, and PEKK, respectively. The stress at the distal extension was 2,600 MPa (Ti), 1,000 MPa (CoCr), and 270 MPa (PEKK). All loading simulations with the PEKK bar showed higher stresses in the implants and in the bone bed as well as higher displacements of the over denture in comparison to metal bars. PEKK showed different mechanical behaviour compared to Ti and CoCr. The distribution of stresses within the PEKK bar was wider than the area of loading which probably leads to fatigue of the whole bar and not only the part under load.
Using automated methods to explore the social stratification of anglicisms in Spanish
Authors: Serigos Jacqueline
Published: December 2020

Traditionally, automated methods for loanword detection have not received an abundance of attention within the field of language contact. However, as research on loanwords has begun utilizing corpora with word counts in the millions, these generous quantities of data pose challenges for traditional methods of linguistic annotation. This paper presents a method for automatically detecting anglicisms within Spanish text and presents a case study, applying this method to explore the social stratification of anglicisms in Argentine media. The findings of the case study suggest that anglicisms may function as prestige markers in Argentina, which may be a logical consequence of the mode of contact: those of upper socio-economic status have greater access to outlets where loanwords seem to emerge, such as the media, Internet, and second language education.
On Linear Growth in COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Grinfeld Michael , Mulheran Paul A.
Published: December 2020

We present an elementary model of COVID-19 propagation that makes explicit the connection between testing strategies and rates of transmission and the linear growth in new cases observed in many parts of the world.
Metaphors in the flesh: Metaphorical pantomimes in sports celebrations
Authors: Gibbs Raymond W.
Published: December 2020

When athletes make significant plays in sporting competitions, such as scoring a goal in soccer, a touchdown in American football, they often immediately express their joy by performing some bodily action for others to see and understand. Many sports celebrations are staged pantomimes that express metaphorical meanings as a part of athletes’ pretending to perform certainsource-path-goalsequences of action from other competitive events.

This article examines the possible metaphoricity in different sports celebrations and whether casual observers may understand these actions as conveying metaphorical messages. Studies 1 and 3 present analyses of some of the important, possibly metaphorical, characteristics of a corpus of sports celebrations, both those that are performed by individual athletes (Study 1) and those where several athletes jointly enact some celebratory action (Study 3). Studies 2 (individual athletes) and 4 (group performances) investigated whether casual spectators interpret some celebrations as conveying metaphorical messages beyond simply expressing an athlete’s positive emotions. These studies demonstrate that many sports celebrations express metaphorical meanings where athletes provide bodily commentary on the significance of what they have just accomplished.
Control flow based cost analysis for P4
Authors: Lukács Dániel , Pongrácz Gergely , Tejfel Máté
Published: December 2020

The networking industry is currently undergoing a steady trend of softwarization. Yet, network engineers suffer from the lack of software development tools that support programming of new protocols. We are creating a cost analysis tool for the P4 programming language, that automatically verifies whether the developed program meets soft deadline requirements imposed by the network. In this paper, we present an approach to estimate the average execution time of P4 program based on control flow graphs. Our approach takes into consideration that many of the parts of P4 are implementation-defined: required information can be added in through incremental refinement, while missing information is handled by falling back to less precise defaults. We illustrate application of this approach to a P4 protocol in two case studies: we use it to examine the effect of a compiler optimization in the deparse stage, and to show how it enables cost modelling complex lookup table implementations. Finally, we assess future research tasks to be completed before the tool is ready for real-world usage.
Teaching chemistry with LEGO® bricks
Authors: Horikoshi Ryo
Published: December 2020

Teachers are developing unique teaching aids to attract students to the field of chemistry. Ideal teaching aids are tools that students can enjoy utilizing, reutilizing, and which can be constructed without employing special tools. LEGO®-based teaching aids satisfy all these requirements. Chemistry teachers have employed bricks to illustrate basic chemical concepts. Moreover, LEGO-based chemistry teaching aids have been vigorously reported by Campbell and coworkers since the late 1990s and are still being persistently reported by several groups. The focus of this review is the applications of LEGO bricks in teaching chemistry. This review describes LEGO-based teaching aids that are easily constructed and may be beneficial to readers, in terms of creating new teaching aids. Since LEGO bricks possess varieties of shapes and colors, they can be employed to design various teaching aids, including periodic tables, molecular models, polymer structure models, and frameworks for handmade measuring instruments. The polymeric structure models are generally difficult to build with typical ball-and-stick type molecular models; however, they can be easily built, employing LEGO bricks. The bricks are suitable for the construction of handmade measuring instruments because of their versatility and computer interface, as well as their non-requirement of special tools.