bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competências docentes no ensino técnico de enfermagem: um olhar dos professores do curso
Authors: Brainer Sâmara Aline Brito Brainer Aline , Cunha Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm Cunha Cristina , Freitas Maria Aparecida de Oliveira Freitas Aparecida
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: compreender a percepção dos professores de um curso técnico em enfermagem sobre as competências para o exercício da docência nesse nível de ensino. Método: estudo de natureza exploratória e descritiva, de corte transversal e abordagem qualitativa.  Participaram 14 enfermeiros-docentes que lecionam as disciplinas teóricas no curso técnico de enfermagem da instituição. Para obtenção dos dados, utilizou-se questionário contendo 13 perguntas fechadas e um roteiro para realização de entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: os resultados mostram que os enfermeiros-docentes do curso Técnico de Enfermagem, são predominantemente do gênero feminino, todos são bacharéis em enfermagem e, o tempo de docência no ensino técnico, variou entre 12 a 24 meses. A análise qualitativa mostrou que quanto às competências docentes: da percepção àquelas necessárias ao exercício da docência, foram delimitadas as seguintes categorias - Atributos; Dominar Conteúdo Teórico e Prático; Buscar Aperfeiçoamento; Saberes Pedagógicos. Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu apreender, na percepção dos professores, o que são competências, e quais na percepção deles participantes, são necessárias para exercer a docência no ensino técnico de enfermagem. Espera-se ainda, que estudo contribua com reflexões sobre a necessidade de capacitação dos professores para que essas competências sejam aprimoradas ou desenvolvidas.
Hemovigilância: conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem sobre reações transfusionais
Authors: Pereira Emanuela Batista Ferreira e , Santos Vaneça Guilherme Da Silva , Silva Felicialle Pereira da , Silva Raphael Alves da , Souza Claudinalle Farias Queiroz de , Costa Vânia Chagas Da , Lima Fabia Maria De , Guimarães Tânia Maria Rocha
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Analisar o grau de conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem sobre hemoterapia e reação transfusional imediata. Método: Estudo transversal, analítico, quantitativo, realizado com profissionais de enfermagem da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital de referência do Nordeste, por meio da aplicação de um instrumento semiestruturado, no período de março a abril de 2020. O escore de conhecimento foi obtido pela Análise de Correspondência Múltipla e pelo teste de comparação de medianas de Monte Carlo. Resultados: Dos 32 participantes, oito eram enfermeiros e 24 técnicos de enfermagem. A maioria não recebeu treinamento sobre hemoterapia 24 (75%) e referiu não se sentir capacitada para atuar em reação transfusional imediata 22 (68,8%). Quanto ao grau de conhecimento, verificou-se que os enfermeiros apresentaram melhores escores em relação aos técnicos (mediana 77,7 vs. 33,8; p=0,04). Identificou-se, também, que a faixa etária 18 a 40 anos apresentou melhor resultado em relação a faixa de 40 anos ou mais (mediana 62,7 vs. 25,5; p=0,01). Conclusão: Verificou-se a importância dos profissionais de enfermagem participarem de treinamento sobre administração de hemocomponentes e hemoderivados, visando melhorar a qualidade da assistência e manutenção do protocolo de segurança do paciente.
Fatores associados à inadequação do início do pré-natal
Authors: Barbosa Nemer Camila Rodrigues , Santos Ingrid Souza Reis , Ferreira Larissa Duarte , Da Silva Edcarlos Vasconcelos , Filho Zilmar Augusto De Souza , De Lima Eduardo Queiroz , Da Silva Marlucilena Pinheiro , Teixeira Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados à inadequação do início do pré-natal de acordo com o Índice de Adequação da Utilização do Cuidado Pré-natal. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo. Realizou-se entrevista guiada por um roteiro com variáveis socioeconômicas, gestacionais, institucionais e de acesso, com 60 gestantes registradas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Macapá, Amapá. Os dados foram processados no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 21.0, com análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Para associação entre o início do pré-natal (adequado e inadequado) e as variáveis, utilizaram-se os testes de Qui-quadrado e T-Student. A análise multivariada foi por regressão logística com razão de chance (Odds ratio – OR), tendo como variável resposta à inadequação do início do pré-natal. Resultados: o início do pré-natal foi considerado inadequado para 56,67% (n=34) das gestantes. Houve uma associação significativa das variáveis: faixa etária (p=0,021) e planejamento da gravidez (p=0,005). OR significativo para pré-natal inadequado nas variáveis: município de residência (Ilhas do Pará, OR= 5,986, p = 0,034); planejamento da gravidez (Gravidez não planejada, OR= 6,365, p = 0,007) e faixa etária (15 a 24 anos, OR=3,58, p=0,039). Conclusões: os fatores associados à inadequação são de âmbito sociodemográfico e comportamental.
Construção de uma cartilha educativa para familiares cuidadores sobre cuidado domiciliar ao idoso dependente Amazônico
Authors: Silva Esmael Marinho da , Reis Deyvylan Araujo
Published: May 2022

OBJETIVO: descrever a construção de uma cartilha educativa para familiares cuidadores sobre o cuidado domiciliar ao idoso dependente no contexto Amazônico. MÉTODO: trata-se de um estudo metodológico, realizado no período de setembro de 2019 a agosto de 2021. A produção tecnológica seguiu quatro etapas: Levantamento bibliográfico; Construção textual da cartilha; Pesquisa e definição das imagens e Layout e diagramação da cartilha. RESULTADOS: a cartilha aborda os cuidados referentes às dificuldades e necessidades dos cuidadores domiciliares – higiene corporal, banho no chuveiro, banho na cama, higiene intima, higiene da boca, troca de fraldas, prevenção de quedas, mobilização e transferência, cuidados com a alimentação, cuidados com os medicamentos, cuidados para evitar quedas, cuidados quanto ao uso de redes e cuidados quanto ao uso de remédios caseiros.  CONCLUSÃO: a cartilha apresenta orientações sobre as principais atividades assistenciais que o cuidador desempenha no dia a dia no cuidado à pessoa idosa dependente, sendo divididas em tópicos. A cada atividade seguem orientações necessárias ao cuidado para que o cuidador preste uma assistência mais segura e as dificuldades vivenciadas na prática sejam minimizadas. Descritores: tecnologia educativa; cuidador familiar; cuidados primários; idosos dependentes
Integridade perineal em partos vaginais: fatores maternos, neonatais e relacionados à assistência
Authors: Alípio Larissa Amaral , Madeira Lélia Maria , Felipe de Lima Silva Flávia Aparecida
Published: May 2022

Objetivos: conhecer os fatores maternos e neonatais relacionados à integridade perineal e relacionar a preservação do períneo com o profissional que assiste ao parto. Método: estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, quantitativo, em prontuários de 292 mulheres que tiveram parto vaginal com períneo íntegro. Incluídas mulheres que tiveram parto vaginal com períneo íntegro, de feto termo, único ou múltiplo, iniciado espontaneamente ou induzido, instrumentalizado ou não, independente de risco obstétrico. Utilizadas as variáveis: raça, idade materna, idade gestacional, paridade, número de fetos, uso de ocitocina na condução do trabalho de parto, uso de analgesia, trabalho de parto espontâneo ou induzido, apresentação e peso do recém-nascido ao nascer, posição materna no expulsivo e profissional que assistiu ao parto. Resultados: a maioria das mulheres com períneos íntegros eram pardas, multíparas com partos espontâneos; taxa de ocitocina e analgesia foi de 11,6% e 19,9%, respectivamente; o peso médio dos recém-nascidos foi de 3176g e a Enfermagem Obstétrica esteve presente em mais de 90% dos partos. Conclusão: a raça e a multiparidade permaneceram como fatores protetores de lacerações perineais, enquanto outras variáveis precisam de mais estudos para determinar seu papel na integridade perineal. A Enfermagem Obstétrica se manteve como indicadora de boas práticas ao parto e nascimento.
Perfil dos acidentes de trânsito atendidos por Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência
Authors: Longuiniere Agnes Claudine  Fontes de La , Silva Ana Claudia Batista , Araújo Deisiane Rodrigues de , Silva Gabriel Cardoso da , Ferraz Mariana Oliveira Antunes
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: descrever o perfil dos acidentes de trânsito e das vítimas assistidas pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência. Método: estudo epidemiológico descritivo. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em 633 fichas de atendimento do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência de uma cidade do interior do Brasil. Os dados foram transferidos para o programa estatístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences e realizada uma análise descritiva dos dados. Resultados: 74% das vítimas foram do sexo masculino, com idade mais prevalente de 20 a 29 anos (37%). As motocicletas estiveram mais envolvidas nos acidentes e ocorreram em maior parte nos dias de finais de semana. Todos os óbitos registrados por esse serviço envolviam motos. Conclusão: os dados apresentados neste estudo são semelhantes com as características do perfil de acidentes de trânsito encontradas em outras pesquisas realizadas no país, principalmente em relação a motociclistas.
Envolvimento do paciente na segurança do cuidado hospitalar: percepção dos profissionais de saúde
Authors: Ferraz Emannuela Sofia Dantas , Carvalho Pedro Rodrigues , Teixeira Cristiane Chagas , Sousa Johnatan Martins , Bezerra Ana Lúcia Queiroz , Paranaguá Thatianny Tanferri de Brito
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Analisar a prática e importância atribuída ao envolvimento do paciente na segurança do cuidado durante internação hospitalar, na percepção dos profissionais de saúde. Método: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Dados coletados em setembro de 2018, por meio de entrevista com 34 profissionais de saúde, em hospital público do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Análise norteada pela técnica de análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática, proposta por Bardin. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Emergiram três categorias temáticas: Desenvolvendo a autonomia do paciente e família para o cuidado seguro, Práticas facilitadoras para envolver o paciente e familiar no cuidado seguro e Envolvimento do paciente: desafios para a consolidação no cenário hospitalar. Considerações finais: A prática e importância atribuída ao envolvimento do paciente hospitalizado no cuidado, aos profissionais de saúde, convergem com a literatura existente, porém apresenta limitações considerando a segurança do paciente.
Gerenciamento da atenção básica no Brasil: uma análise a partir da percepção de especialistas
Authors: Silveira Nayana Cíntia , Ribeiro Marcos Aguiar , Albuquerque Izabelle Mont’Alverne Napoleão , Cunha Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm , Carneiro Maria do Socorro Melo , Cunha Carina Guerra , Do Nascimento Ana Beatriz Oliveira , Sousa Francisca Erandielly Lopes
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Analisar o gerenciamento da Atenção Básica no Brasil a partir da perspectiva de pesquisadores especialistas. Método: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, sendo recorte de um trabalho de conclusão de curso que deu origem a 21 unidades de registro; serão abordadas e discutidas 05 unidades referentes as habilidades gerenciais na Atenção Básica. A coleta de dados foi realizada a nível nacional com pesquisadores líderes de grupo de pesquisa de dezembro de 2018 a janeiro de 2019, os participantes foram contatados para responder ao Instrumento de avaliação das competências para o gerenciamento na Estratégia Saúde da Família de Sobral adaptado para a plataforma do Google Forms. O material foi levado para a análise, com o referencial da análise de conteúdo de Bardin e com o suporte do software NVivo11. Resultados: As habilidades sobre o trabalho do gerente foram relacionadas a 05 unidades de registro: Gestão Compartilhada, Participação Popular, Humanização na Gestão, Liderança e Envolvimento com a Equipe. Conclusão: O objetivo de analisar a percepção de especialistas foi alcançado. Mostra-se que o gerente deve ser habilidoso para vislumbrar o ganho quando se trabalha cogestão e assegurando a participação popular como outra potência, trazendo conceitos da humanização para o gerente.Descritores: Atenção primária à saúde; Gestão em saúde; Avaliação em saúde.
ATUAÇÃO DA EQUIPE DE CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS FRENTE A PACIENTES COM A COVID-19
Authors: Figueiredo Sarah Vieira , Guimarães Juliana Carollyne Moreira Jorge , Magalhães Luciana Leite de Figueiredo , Pires Nathalia De Oliveira , De Nadai Camila Pinto , Costa Maria Luiza Pereira , Feitosa Ana Karine Martins , De Oliveira Adla Cristina Alves
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: conhecer a atuação da equipe de cuidados paliativos frente a pacientes com a Covid-19. Método: trata-se de pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, realizada em hospital público terciário de Fortaleza (Ceará), com noves profissionais da equipe multiprofissional consultiva de cuidados paliativos, no período de agosto de 2020 a janeiro de 2021, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A pesquisa teve aprovação do comitê de ética da referida instituição e os dados foram submetidos a análise categorial temática de Bardin. Resultados: foram elencadas duas categorias: 1) Impacto da pandemia Covid-19 na equipe de cuidados paliativos; como a suspensão das reuniões familiares, distanciamento dos pacientes e da equipe assistencial, aumento demanda de pareceres de pacientes com a covid-19 e a reorganização da equipe; e 2) Atuação da equipe de cuidados paliativos frente aos pacientes com a Covid-19; como orientação a equipe assistente, apoio as famílias, elaboração de estratégias de comunicação à distância. Conclusões: percebeu-se o importante papel da equipe de cuidados paliativos junto aos pacientes com a covid-19 e seus familiares, visando contribuir para o seu maior conforto e sua melhor qualidade de vida, nas situações de maior gravidade desse adoecimento.
O PROFESSOR EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: EMOÇÕES E SENTIMENTOS DO ENFERMEIRO-PROFESSOR
Authors: Abreu Rita Neuma Dantas Cavalcante de , Eleres Fabrício Bezerra , Magalhães Fernanda Jorge , Rolim Karla Maria Carneiro , Cestari Virna Ribeiro Feitosa , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Averiguar emoções e sentimentos de enfermeiros-professores universitários frente à pandemia da Covid-19. Método: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado em Instituição de Ensino Superior em Fortaleza-Ceará-Brasil. Participaram 21 professores do curso de graduação em Enfermagem. Foi aplicado um questionário via Google Forms®, com variáveis de identificação e questões relacionadas às emoções/sentimentos vivenciadas pelos professores. Para análise textual dos discursos, utilizou-se o software IRaMuTeQ. Resultados: O medo foi a emoção central, circundada por sentimentos contraditórios como: ansiedade e tranquilidade. Atrelado ao medo, destacou-se sentimentos como a preocupação, intermediada pelo cansaço. Na vertente contrária ao medo e à preocupação, destaca-se o verbo estar, o qual apresenta-se envolto por emoções associadas à felicidade, esperança, fé e crença em Deus. Conclusão: Considera-se relevante a atenção às emoções e sentimentos, os quais frequentemente podem interferir na qualidade de vida, na saúde mental e ocupacional do professor-enfermeiro.
Caderneta de saúde da criança: incompletude dos parâmetros avaliados na consulta
Authors: Marques Karolaine Fernanda , Da Silva Luana , Dos Santos Silva Canario Márcia Aparecida , Pimenta Ferrari Rosângela Aparecida
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Analisar a consulta e o registro na Caderneta de Saúde da Criança quanto ao acompanhamento no serviço de atenção básica. Método: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo transversal desenvolvido em municípios da 17ª Regional de Saúde de Londrina, interior do estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil, no período de julho de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018 nas maternidades e seis meses após, no domicilio, sendo 230 mulheres que participaram das duas etapas. Utilizou-se o Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, a significância estatística adotada em todas as análises foi de 5%, expressa em p-valor. Resultados: Houve subregistro de sinais vitais e avaliação da mamada nos municípios de médio porte. Assim como no preenchimento das consultas do terceiro e quarto trimestre, tanto nos municípios de grande porte quanto de médio porte. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário que os profissionais de saúde reconheçam a Caderneta de Saúde da Criança como um documento primordial para acompanhamento do infante e que seu preenchimento seja realizado corretamente.
Convergência das metas da Campanha Nursing Now Brasil: relato sobre fortalezas para a enfermagem brasileira
Authors: Silva Ítalo Rodolfo , Da Silva Manoel Carlos Neri , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: apresentar a experiência exitosa da Campanha Nursing Now Brasil a partir da convergência de suas metas para o fortalecimento da enfermagem brasileira. Método: relato de experiência sobre o desenvolvimento da Campanha Nursing Now Brasil, que teve como cenário todo o contexto brasileiro a partir das ações realizadas em estados da federação e instituições de ensino, de assistência à saúde e de gestão, no período de abril de 2019 a maio de 2021. Nesse sentido, foram apresentadas as ações realizadas para impulsionar o alcance das metas da campanha. Resultados: as ações desenvolvidas variaram em conferências, palestras, audiências públicas, podcasts, lives, produções científicas, fóruns, incentivo ao cadastro e publicização de iniciativas exitosas que permitiram conexões entre profissionais de enfermagem de diferentes contextos do país. Conclusões: a Campanha Nursing Now Brasil impulsionou a convergência de ideias e ações, entre diferentes atores sociais e lideranças da enfermagem de contextos variados para potencializar o alcance de metas relacionadas ao processo de formação, liderança, condições dignas de trabalho e valorização. Depreende-se desse processo a importância da articulação política da profissão e das conexões entre as múltiplas forças de uma enfermagem ampla, plural, heterogênea e transformadora.
Implementação da Prática Avançada de Enfermagem na América Latina
Authors: Dezoti Ana Paula , E Silva Giordanna Nayara Chagas , Barbosa Maria Alice Fortunato , Weissheimer Gisele , Khalaf Daiana Kloh , Mazza Verônica De Azevedo
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Descrever a implementação da prática avançada de enfermagem na América Latina. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, tendo como fonte da pesquisa cinco bases de dados e a partir da questão norteadora: “Como tem ocorrido a implementação da enfermagem de Prática Avançada na América Latina?” Resultados: foram identificados 176 estudos, no entanto, a amostra final contou com 11 artigos publicados entre os anos 2016 e 2020. Os estudos selecionados foram agregados em três categorias de acordo com a similaridade temática: as iniciativas, as potencialidades e os desafios para a implementação da enfermagem de prática avançada nos países da América Latina. Conclusão: Ainda há muito que se discutir sobre o processo de implementação da PAE, pois o estabelecimento do exercício da prática avançada com autonomia e independência para o julgamento clínico, diagnóstico e ações prescritivas e a formação de novos perfis de profissionais de saúde será um desafio.Descritores:  Prática Avançada de Enfermagem; América Latina; Serviços de Saúde
Psychopedagogy and its contribution to the emotional state of students
Authors: Guerrero Jacqueline Aracely Arteaga , Moreira José Atilio Murillo , Zambrano María José Zambrano , Briones Marcelo Fabián Barcia , Quijije Nelly Karina Arteaga
Published: May 2022

The arrival of psychopedagogy has made it possible to strengthen important areas of knowledge, to an endless number of needs identified in the field of education, plays an important role in teaching and learning, and its contribution to students is focused on psychological research interrelated with cognitive, social, and emotional processes. The role of the counselor is focused on prevention, detection, and intervention in the individual's learning problems, improving their quality of life, especially from the field of emotions, with the practice of emotional intelligence. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze the contribution offered by psychopedagogy to the emotional state of students. For the research, the qualitative methodology was used, with a deductive and interpretive approach, applying the bibliographic-descriptive documentary method, based on the specialized literature obtained from reliable sources, which enabled the study to achieve a result that in Ecuador most cases are conducted from the intervention of educational psychologists and teachers, since the existence of professionals in the area (psychopedagogues) is scarce, becoming a demand for the profile in today's society and a career to be promoted by higher education organizations.
Eerlijk duurt het langst. Het belang van eerlijkheidspercepties bij overeenkomsten over onderhoudsbijdragen voor kinderen
Authors: Claessens Elke , Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: May 2022

Onderzoek stelt dat een gevoel van eerlijkheid omtrent de overeenkomst over onderhoudsbijdragen voor kinderen na een ouderlijke relatiebreuk wanbetaling kan helpen voorkomen. Dit artikel bouwt hierop verder door aan de hand van diepte-interviews bij Vlaamse ouders na te gaan i) wat de ervaring van (on)eerlijkheid betekent in het kader van afspraken over onderhoudsbijdragen, ii) welke factoren van het beslissingsproces bijdragen tot een gevoel van (on)eerlijkheid en iii) hoe (on)eerlijkheid zich uit naargelang hoe men tot een afspraak is gekomen. Naast een definitie van(on)eerlijkheid, geven de resultaten tevens zicht op vier thema’s met betrekking tot gemaakte afspraken waarbij rechtvaardigheidspercepties een opvallende rol spelen: het berekeningsproces, het bedrag, de kenmerken van de overeenkomst en karakteristieken van de ouderlijke partijen. Tot slot geeft de analyse van (on)eerlijkheidservaringen binnen specifieke afspraakstrategieën vorm aan een typologie dat ouders en bemiddelaars kan begeleiden in het bereiken van een gevoel van eerlijkheid in de uiteindelijke overeenkomst. 
A design in system architecture based on mobile cloud computing for a virtual try-on solution
Authors:   Modeling and Simulation, Viettel High Technology Industries Corporation, Hanoi, Vietnam, Ngoc Duong Van , Dat Nguyen Tien ,   Modeling and Simulation, Viettel High Technology Industries Corporation, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: May 2022

Cloud computing is an emerging technology in this digital century. It provides an excellent but low-cost source for database storage, computing power, applications, and services through an internet-delivered cloud platform. Thanks to the cost savings in investing and maintaining physical data centers, as well as the stability of Quality of Service (QoS), it has no restrictions on company size or sector for enterprises to shift their operations to a cloud platform. The fashion industry, particularly the fashion e-commerce sector, is a case study in leveraging the cloud platform via a technology called “Virtual try-on” (VTO). VTO solution allows fashion brands to increase the shopping experience, however, requires installing and maintaining a bulky system for implementation. There are different methods and approaches to design architectures using cloud computing, however, there have not been many studies addressing tasks related to machine learning that uses the high Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) encountered in VTO solutions. To design a scheduler that could optimize the system performance while lowering operational expenses in VTO solutions, this research proposes a system to (1) handle synchronous model and asynchronous model separately and clearly, (2) perform multi-layered task processing architecture by hashing task ID and implementing a queue management system. This method would satisfy three major requirements: (1) Avoid complex hardware requirements for users, (2) Ensure the system stability and the ease of horizontal and vertical extension, and (3) Protect user information privacy.
The Effects of Sex Hormones and some Respiratory Diseases on the Severity of Corona Virus Infection
Authors: Jari Masar J. , Abbas Ghanim A. , Kazaal Meraim A.
Published: May 2022

Sex hormones and chronic respiratory diseases play a role in the pathogenesis and the management of Covid-19 infection. Present research tries to shed light on the role of sex hormones, bronchial asthma and lung cancer on the severity of Covid-19 infection and the resulting mortality rate. This study included a follow-up of the health status of 85 patients infected with Covid-19, and all the patients previously diagnosed had hereditary respiratory diseases (bronchial asthma (64) and lung cancer (21)). The serum level of progesterone and testosterone and the stages of lung cancer development were measured in the laboratories of Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. After conducting medical examinations, computed tomography and x-rays, the severity of Covid-19 infection was classified according to the WHO to moderate, severe and critical infection. The current results showed that most of the hospitalized cases were males (65%) with a death rate (18%), so bronchial asthma was associated with the death rate in males (70% of dead males), followed by postmenopausal (POM) women (66.7% of the dead woman), while pre-menopausal (PRM) women had the highest cure rate (100%). The results of the study showed that the rise in the mean of progesterone in PRM (13.55 ng/ml) was associated with moderate symptoms of Covid-19, while the increased testosterone in males and POM (1018 ng/dL and 67.3 ng/dL, respectively) was associated with an increase in the severity of the infection. In conclusion, asthma and high testosterone directly affected the increase in the severity of Covid-19 and the high mortality rate among the Corona sufferers. While advanced lung cancer had a clear role in that, at the same time, progesterone appeared as a protective factor in young women.

Keywords: Covid-19, bronchial asthma, lung cancer, testosterone, progesterone
Assessing Heavy Metals Emission and Workers' Health Risks at the Eastern Industrial Region, Mosul, Iraq
Authors: Nazar Fadhel Mazin , Jasim Mohammed Asmaa , Rabeea  Znad Salim
Published: May 2022

This study was executed to investigate the heavy metal ( Ni, Cu, Zn) pollution of the Eastern Industrial Region in Mosul city in Nineveh province of Iraq. Heavy metals are measured In the blood serum of 40 workers and compared with the control group of (40) people from Mosul university. Elements were measured by using an atomic absorption (flame) spectrometer. The statistical analysis results revealed that investigated Blood serum samples are seriously polluted with toxic heavy metals.
Keywords Heavy Metals Emission, Workers' Health Risks, Blood Serum, Eastern industrial Region, Pollution
Synthesis and characterization of azo liquid crystal compounds based on 5H-Thiazolo [3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole unit
Authors: Jabar Maha A. , H. Karam Nisreen
Published: May 2022

A calamitic symmetric liquid crystalline consisting of an azo group containing 5H-Thiazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole moiety compound[III] was synthesized via sequence reactions starting from reaction terephthaldehyde with mercaptoacetic acid and thiosemicarbazide in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid to synthesized 5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(5H-thiazolo[4,3-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-amine)[I] then the azo compound [II] synthesized by coupling between diazonium salt of the compound [I] with phenol at(0-4) ̊C., after that the compound [III] was synthesized by the reaction of the compound [II] with methyl bromide in alkaline media. The compounds are characterized by melting points, FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The mesomorphic behavior was studied by using polarized optical microscopy POM.

Keywords. Azo compounds, liquid crystal, mesomorphic properties
Cost Analysis of Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Plant Propagation through the Somatic Embryogenesis Method
Authors: Henao Ramírez Ana María , Palacio Hajduk David Hernando , Urrea Trujillo Aura Inés
Published: May 2022

In vitro cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) production via somatic embryogenesis (SE) is being implemented to mass propagate clonal plant material with the donor material’s prominent characteristics. Though it is an advanced technology, it is con-sidered expensive compared to other propagation techniques. This work focused on identifying the critical financial feasi-bility factors for the SE productive process. The process's costs were estimated, identifying factors influencing each la-boratory's standardized ES process. A Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) was performed to evaluate different variables upon increasing productive scale in a biofactory (commercial-scale production). The projected lot volume was 100,000 plantlets in solid media, considering the process flow from in vitro introduction to acclimation. A biofactory operational model was projected, establishing time and operator movements and identifying direct and indirect costs.

Costs were defined by the standardized or integral method, with estimated and budgeted calculations to set the cost per plantlet. The identified cost components were culture medium (CM), indirect manufacturing costs (IMC), labor (direct and indirect) and operating expenses. Labor had the most significant share of the costs, at 53%, followed by operating expenses, at 30%, CM, at 12%, and IMC, at 5%. The MCS helped define that the variables with the highest impact on unit price were the embryos’ response in the germination-acclimation stage and the proliferation coefficient during the maturation stage. This projection yielded a figure of US $0.73 per plantlet. However, strategies to reduce this cost have been proposed. These strategies are mainly conducive to optimizing labor and implementing practices that increase multiplication.

Keywords. Plant Tissue culture, Cost analysis, Large-scale production, Biofactory, Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS)
Morphological and histological study of respiratory system of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Abd Al-Hussan Ghofran Filiah , Hadi AL-Hashemi Wafaa , abed AL-Kelaby Waleed Jaleel , Mansur Mohummed E.
Published: May 2022

The rabbits are considered small mammals that had, in comparison to big animals, they have a high metabolic rate and oxygen requirement. Because the larynx is located at a high angle to the oropharynx, it may immediately access the nasopharynx of rabbits categorized as nose breathers. The lungs were symmetrical in size, with the right lung being more prominent than the left and situated at the trachea's bottom. The trachea is located between the left and right bronchus. Twenty rabbits were transported to the laboratory, and by the appropriate laboratory, the instrument opened the thoracic cavity, and also the organs were filmed while the respiratory organs were removed. Due to the heart interposition and its left deviation, the left lung in rabbits is smaller than the right lung, which has just three lobes. The lungs also lack septa. The trachea is separated into two bronchi, the last of which is branched into tiny bronchioles. Achieve a histological and morphological description of rabbits' respiratory tract because the rabbits are valuable models in respiratory research due to their respiratory hyperresponsiveness, which resembles asthma in humans. The larynx is located lower than the oropharynx, where it may directly access the nasopharynx, and the rabbits are nasal breathers. The primary respiratory organs of rabbits are the left and right lung, trachea and bronchi, as in humans and rats. Still, it is supported by double cartilage in the conducting portion of the respiratory system.
Keywords. Respiratory system, Oryctolagus cuniculus.
Probe on Various Experimental Cigarette Smoke Subjection Structure
Authors: Das Moulima , Saha Anupam
Published: May 2022

Different methods of subjection to smoke from experimental cigarettes are essential for understanding tobacco smoke. The major toxicants found in tobacco are acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, acrylonitrile, ammonia, benzene, cadmium, catechol, chromium, cyanide hydrogen, arsenic, nickel, nitric oxide, nicotine last but not least, mono-oxide gases. While experts say, cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 different compounds. These are substantially toxic and can destroy cells, and many of them are carcinogenic. Various smoke-exposure devices are used for in-vitro tobacco smoke generation, dilution, and distribution.

Such devices are used widely by well-known manufacturers or can be tailor-made setups. We can set up different in-vitro models to better treat smoke-related diseases using these subjection structures. The fundamental goal will be to build a tobacco-free society of available subjection systems. Some have been identified and established as biological endpoints in some published scientific literature. In the scientific field, many new technologies are coming out and showing their presence. There are many systems of exposure to cigarette smoke in vitro which offer a more flexible approach to the challenges of exposure to tobacco smoke. This review covers some topics such as the description of available new subjection structures and reviews their work, setting up and application for Scenarios of in-vitro treatment. The benefits and disadvantages of both subjection mechanisms and the similarities between the setups and the data extracted from these structures. Measuring the smoke dose is also discussed here as an important field of research, particularly in the preclinical phase.

Keywords: Cigarette smoke; Cigarette Subjection Structures; Cigarette Subjection Mechanisms; Cigarette Subjection Advantages; Cigarette Subjection Use; Cigarette Subjection Modern advancements.
Soluble (PD-1) and Autophagy protein (ATG-5) in patients with tuberculosis
Authors: Oklah Musa Suhaib Waad , Gaidan Ayad M. , Saleh Reyam F.
Published: May 2022

mmune checkpoints such as programmed cell death protein (PD-1) and autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) can directly affect the immune response and thus, interfere with infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This study aimed to determine the role of soluble ATG5 and soluble PD-1 proteins in tuberculosis (TB) patients. The study included a collection of 90 blood samples (47 samples from patients with confirmed tuberculosis and 43 samples from age and gender-matched healthy subjects to estimate the concentration of soluble autophagy (ATG-5) and programmed cell death protein (PD-1). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to estimate the serum levels of these markers. The median value of ATG5 level in patients was 2.08 µg/ml, which is higher than the level of the control group (median = 0.93 µg/ml) with a highly significant difference. Similarly, the median value of PD-1 level in patients was 259.4 ng/ml (range 107.76-924.25 ng/ml), which was higher than that of the control (median = 146.4 ng/ml, range = 50.32-1117.1 ng/ml) and with a highly significant difference. It can be concluded that both soluble ATG5 and PD-1 increased significantly in patients with TB compared with controls.

Keywords: tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis, Autophagy, Programmed cell death protein-1
Drug Abuse Ontology to Harness Web-Based Data for Substance Use Epidemiology Research: Ontology Development Study
Authors: Lokala Usha , Lamy Francois , Daniulaityte Raminta , Gaur Manas , Gyrard Amelie , Thirunarayan Krishnaprasad , Kursuncu Ugur , Sheth Amit
Published: May 2022

Background

Web-based resources and social media platforms play an increasingly important role in health-related knowledge and experience sharing. There is a growing interest in the use of these novel data sources for epidemiological surveillance of substance use behaviors and trends.

Objective

The key aims were to describe the development and application of the drug abuse ontology (DAO) as a framework for analyzing web-based and social media data to inform public health and substance use research in the following areas: determining user knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to nonmedical use of buprenorphine and illicitly manufactured opioids through the analysis of web forum data Prescription Drug Abuse Online Surveillance; analyzing patterns and trends of cannabis product use in the context of evolving cannabis legalization policies in the United States through analysis of Twitter and web forum data (eDrugTrends); assessing trends in the availability of novel synthetic opioids through the analysis of cryptomarket data (eDarkTrends); and analyzing COVID-19 pandemic trends in social media data related to 13 states in the United States as per Mental Health America reports.

Methods

The domain and scope of the DAO were defined using competency questions from popular ontology methodology (101 ontology development). The 101 method includes determining the domain and scope of ontology, reusing existing knowledge, enumerating important terms in ontology, defining the classes, their properties and creating instances of the classes. The quality of the ontology was evaluated using a set of tools and best practices recognized by the semantic web community and the artificial intelligence community that engage in natural language processing.

Results

The current version of the DAO comprises 315 classes, 31 relationships, and 814 instances among the classes. The ontology is flexible and can easily accommodate new concepts. The integration of the ontology with machine learning algorithms dramatically decreased the false alarm rate by adding external knowledge to the machine learning process. The ontology is recurrently updated to capture evolving concepts in different contexts and applied to analyze data related to social media and dark web marketplaces.

Conclusions

The DAO provides a powerful framework and a useful resource that can be expanded and adapted to a wide range of substance use and mental health domains to help advance big data analytics of web-based data for substance use epidemiology research.
User- and Message-Level Correlates of Endorsement and Engagement for HIV-Related Messages on Twitter: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Oh Jimin , Bonett Stephen , Kranzler Elissa C , Saconi Bruno , Stevens Robin
Published: May 2022

Background

Youth and young adults continue to experience high rates of HIV and are also frequent users of social media. Social media platforms such as Twitter can bolster efforts to promote HIV prevention for these individuals, and while HIV-related messages exist on Twitter, little is known about the impact or reach of these messages for this population.

Objective

This study aims to address this gap in the literature by identifying user and message characteristics that are associated with tweet endorsement (favorited) and engagement (retweeted) among youth and young men (aged 13-24 years).

Methods

In a secondary analysis of data from a study of HIV-related messages posted by young men on Twitter, we used model selection techniques to examine user and tweet-level factors associated with tweet endorsement and engagement.

Results

Tweets from personal user accounts garnered greater endorsement and engagement than tweets from institutional users (aOR 3.27, 95% CI 2.75-3.89; P<.001). High follower count was associated with increased endorsement and engagement (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06; P<.001); tweets that discussed STIs garnered lower endorsement and engagement (aOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47-1.74; P<.001).

Conclusions

Findings suggest practitioners should partner with youth to design and disseminate HIV prevention messages on social media, incorporate content that resonates with youth audiences, and work to challenge stigma and foster social norms conducive to open conversation about sex, sexuality, and health.
Unbalanced Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in China at the Subnational Scale: Spatiotemporal Analysis
Authors: Hu Maogui , Feng Yuqing , Li Tao , Zhao Yanlin , Wang Jinfeng , Xu Chengdong , Chen Wei
Published: May 2022

Background

China has one of the highest tuberculosis (TB) burdens in the world. However, the unbalanced spatial and temporal trends of TB risk at a fine level remain unclear.

Objective

We aimed to investigate the unbalanced risks of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) at different levels and how they evolved from both temporal and spatial aspects using PTB notification data from 2851 counties over a decade in China.

Methods

County-level notified PTB case data were collected from 2009 to 2018 in mainland China. A Bayesian hierarchical model was constructed to analyze the unbalanced spatiotemporal patterns of PTB notification rates during this period at subnational scales. The Gini coefficient was calculated to assess the inequality of the relative risk (RR) of PTB across counties.

Results

From 2009 to 2018, the number of notified PTB cases in mainland China decreased from 946,086 to 747,700. The average number of PTB cases in counties was 301 (SD 26) and the overall average notification rate was 60 (SD 6) per 100,000 people. There were obvious regional differences in the RRs for PTB (Gini coefficient 0.32, 95% CI 0.31-0.33). Xinjiang had the highest PTB notification rate, with a multiyear average of 155/100,000 (RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6-2.8; P<.001), followed by Guizhou (117/100,000; RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-1.9; P<.001) and Tibet (108/100,000; RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.1; P<.001). The RR for PTB showed a steady downward trend. Gansu (local trend [LT] 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.96; P<.001) and Shanxi (LT 0.94, 95% CI 0.92-0.96; P<.001) experienced the fastest declines. However, the RRs for PTB in the western region (such as counties in Xinjiang, Guizhou, and Tibet) were significantly higher than those in the eastern and central regions (P<.001), and the decline rate of the RR for PTB was lower than the overall level (P<.001).

Conclusions

PTB risk showed significant regional inequality among counties in China, and western China presented a high plateau of disease burden. Improvements in economic and medical service levels are required to boost PTB case detection and eventually reduce PTB risk in the whole country.
Prevalence of Sensitive Terms in Clinical Notes Using Natural Language Processing Techniques: Observational Study
Authors: Lee Jennifer , Yang Samuel , Holland-Hall Cynthia , Sezgin Emre , Gill Manjot , Linwood Simon , Huang Yungui , Hoffman Jeffrey
Published: May 2022

Background

With the increased sharing of electronic health information as required by the US 21st Century Cures Act, there is an increased risk of breaching patient, parent, or guardian confidentiality. The prevalence of sensitive terms in clinical notes is not known.

Objective

The aim of this study is to define sensitive terms that represent the documentation of content that may be private and determine the prevalence and characteristics of provider notes that contain sensitive terms.

Methods

Using keyword expansion, we defined a list of 781 sensitive terms. We searched all provider history and physical, progress, consult, and discharge summary notes for patients aged 0-21 years written between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019, for a direct string match of sensitive terms. We calculated the prevalence of notes with sensitive terms and characterized clinical encounters and patient characteristics.

Results

Sensitive terms were present in notes from every clinical context in all pediatric ages. Terms related to the mental health category were most used overall (254,975/1,338,297, 19.5%), but terms related to substance abuse and reproductive health were most common in patients aged 0-3 years. History and physical notes (19,854/34,771, 57.1%) and ambulatory progress notes (265,302/563,273, 47.1%) were most likely to include sensitive terms. The highest prevalence of notes with sensitive terms was found in pain management (950/1112, 85.4%) and child abuse (1092/1282, 85.2%) clinics.

Conclusions

Notes containing sensitive terms are not limited to adolescent patients, specific note types, or certain specialties. Recognition of sensitive terms across all ages and clinical settings complicates efforts to protect patient and caregiver privacy in the era of information-blocking regulations.
Early Stage Breast Cancer Recognition and Prevention (Preprint)
Authors: Vanga Purvaj
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Breast cancer has been the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women for decades. Annually, millions of women are globally diagnosed with either localized or invasive breast cancer. In America alone, every 1 in 8 women suffers from invasive breast cancer at least once in her lifetime. With breast cancer carrying the highest mortality rate compared to all other cancers diagnosed in women in the US (besides lung cancer), out of hundreds of thousands of annual cases, tens of thousands of patients sadly die. Regardless of the increasing survival rate, numerous undiagnosed patients in underdeveloped countries, such as various countries in Africa and South America, continue to suffer from breast cancer due to a lack of treatment facilities or the inability to diagnose the cancer in its early stages.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this research article is to demonstrate the detection of breast cancer during its early stages, in order to advise the patient to seek help before the cancer reaches its severity. Furthermore, this article will present the various types of breast cancer, exploring both surgical and non-surgical treatments.
Tools to guide clinical discussions on physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and/or sleep for health promotion between health care providers and individuals who access care: A scoping review (Preprint)
Authors: Morgan Tamara L , Faught Emma , Ross-White Amanda , Fortier Michelle S , Duggan Mary , Jain Rahul , Lane Kirstin N , Lorbergs Amanda , Maclaren Kaleigh , McFadden Taylor , Tomasone Jennifer R
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Health care providers have reported low knowledge, skill, and confidence for discussing movement behaviours (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep), which may be improved with the use of tools to guide movement behaviour discussions in their practice. Past reviews have examined the psychometric properties, scoring, and behavioural outcomes of physical activity discussion tools. However, the features, perceptions, and effectiveness of discussion tools for physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and/or sleep have not yet been synthesized.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review was to report and appraise tools for movement behaviour discussions between health care providers and adults 18+ years in a primary care context within Canada or analogous countries.

METHODS

An integrated knowledge translation approach guided this review, whereby a working group of key stakeholders was engaged from research question formation to interpretation of findings. Three search approaches were used (i.e., peer-reviewed, grey literature, and forward searches) to identify studies reporting on perceptions and/or effectiveness of tools for physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and/or sleep. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

RESULTS

In total, 135 studies reporting on 61 tools (i.e., 51 on physical activity, one on sleep, and nine combining two movement behaviours) met inclusion criteria. Included tools served the purposes of assessment (n=57), counselling (n=50), prescription (n=18), and/or referral (n=12) of one or more movement behaviour. Forty-nine tools were used or intended for use by physicians; 34 tools were used or intended for use among adults without chronic conditions aged 18-64 years. The quality of the 116 studies that evaluated tool effectiveness varied.

CONCLUSIONS

Many tools were positively perceived and were deemed effective at enhancing knowledge of, confidence for, ability in, and frequency of movement behaviour discussions. Future tools should guide discussions of all movement behaviours in an integrated manner in line with the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines. Practically, this review offers seven evidence-based recommendations that may guide future tool development and implementation.