bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and Validation of a Prognostic Signature Derived from the Cancer Stem Cells for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shi Mingxuan , Huang Ke , Wei Jiaqi , Wang Shiqi , Yang Weijia , Wang Huihui , Li Yi
Published: January 2024

The progression and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are highly influenced by cancer stem cells (CSCs) due to their unique self-renewal and plasticity. In this study, data were obtained from a single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset (GSE172577) in the GEO database, and LASSO-Cox regression analysis was performed on 1344 CSCs-related genes to establish a six-gene prognostic signature (6-GPS) consisting of ADM, POLR1D, PTGR1, RPL35A, PGK1, and P4HA1. High-risk scores were significantly associated with unfavorable survival outcomes, and these features were thoroughly validated in the ICGC. The results of nomograms, calibration plots, and ROC curves confirmed the good prognostic accuracy of 6-GPS for OSCC. Additionally, the knockdown of ADM or POLR1D genes may significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells through the JAK/HIF-1 pathway. Furthermore, cell-cycle arrest occurred in the G1 phase by suppressing Cyclin D1. In summary, 6-GPS may play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of OSCC and has the potential to be developed further as a diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic tool for OSCC.
State-Dependent Blockade of Dorsal Root Ganglion Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels by Anethole
Authors: Moreira-Junior Luiz , Leal-Cardoso Jose Henrique , Cassola Antonio Carlos , Carvalho-de-Souza Joao Luis
Published: January 2024

Anethole is a phenolic compound synthesized by many aromatic plants. Anethole is a substance that humans can safely consume and has been studied for years as a biologically active molecule to treat a variety of conditions, including nerve damage, gastritis, inflammation, and nociception. Anethole is thought to carry out its biological activities through direct interaction with ion channels. Anethole is beneficial for neurodegenerative Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Nevertheless, nothing has been investigated regarding the effects of anethole on voltage-gated Na+ channels (VGSCs), which are major players in neuronal function. We used cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons from neonatal rats as a source of natively expressed VGSCs for electrophysiological studies using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Our data show that anethole interacts directly with VGSCs. Anethole quickly blocks and unblocks (when removed) voltage-activated Na+ currents in this preparation in a fully reversible manner. Anethole’s binding affinity to these channels increases when the inactive states of these channels are populated, similar to lidocaine’s effect on the same channels. Our data show that anethole inhibits neuronal activity by blocking VGSCs in a state-dependent manner. These findings relate to the putative anesthetic activity attributable to anethole, in addition to its potential benefit in neurodegenerative diseases.
Delivery of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors to the Central Nervous System for Correction of Single Gene Disorders
Authors: Daci Rrita , Flotte Terence R.
Published: January 2024

Genetic disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) comprise a significant portion of disability in both children and adults. Several preclinical animal models have shown effective adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated gene transfer for either treatment or prevention of autosomal recessive genetic disorders. Owing to the intricacy of the human CNS and the blood–brain barrier, it is difficult to deliver genes, particularly since the expression of any given gene may be required in a particular CNS structure or cell type at a specific time during development. In this review, we analyzed delivery methods for AAV-mediated gene therapy in past and current clinical trials. The delivery routes analyzed were direct intraparenchymal (IP), intracerebroventricular (ICV), intra-cisterna magna (CM), lumbar intrathecal (IT), and intravenous (IV). The results demonstrated that the dose used in these routes varies dramatically. The average total doses used were calculated and were 1.03 × 1013 for IP, 5.00 × 1013 for ICV, 1.26 × 1014 for CM, and 3.14 × 1014 for IT delivery. The dose for IV delivery varies by patient weight and is 1.13 × 1015 IV for a 10 kg infant. Ultimately, the choice of intervention must weigh the risk of an invasive surgical procedure to the toxicity and immune response associated with a high dose vector.
The Impact of Cesarean Section Delivery on Intestinal Microbiota: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Perspectives—A Systematic Review
Authors: Inchingolo Francesco , Inchingolo Alessio Danilo , Palumbo Irene , Trilli Irma , Guglielmo Mariafrancesca , Mancini Antonio , Palermo Andrea , Inchingolo Angelo Michele , Dipalma Gianna
Published: January 2024

The relationship between cesarean section (CS) delivery and intestinal microbiota is increasingly studied. CS-born infants display distinct gut microbial compositions due to the absence of maternal birth canal microorganisms. These alterations potentially link to long-term health implications like immune-related disorders and allergies. This correlation underscores the intricate connection between birth mode and the establishment of diverse intestinal microbiota. A systematic literature review was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases by analyzing the articles and examining the intricate interactions between CS delivery and the infant’s intestinal microbiota. The analysis, based on a wide-ranging selection of studies, elucidates the multifaceted dynamics involved in CS-associated shifts in the establishment of fetal microbiota. We also explore the potential ramifications of these microbial changes on neonatal health and development, providing a comprehensive overview for clinicians and researchers. By synthesizing current findings, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between delivery mode and early microbial colonization, paving the way for informed clinical decisions and future investigations in the field of perinatal medicine.
The Multifaceted Role of FUT8 in Tumorigenesis: From Pathways to Potential Clinical Applications
Authors: Shi Meng , Nan Xin-Rui , Liu Bao-Qin
Published: January 2024

FUT8, the sole glycosyltransferase responsible for N-glycan core fucosylation, plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and development. Aberrant FUT8 expression disrupts the function of critical cellular components and triggers the abnormality of tumor signaling pathways, leading to malignant transformations such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression. The association between FUT8 and unfavorable outcomes in various tumors underscores its potential as a valuable diagnostic marker. Given the remarkable variation in biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of FUT8 across different tumor types, gaining a comprehensive understanding of its complexity is imperative. Here, we review how FUT8 plays roles in tumorigenesis and development, and how this outcome could be utilized to develop potential clinical therapies for tumors.
A Holistic Approach to Ransomware Classification: Leveraging Static and Dynamic Analysis with Visualization
Authors: Yamany Bahaa , Elsayed Mahmoud Said , Jurcut Anca D. , Abdelbaki Nashwa , Azer Marianne A.
Published: January 2024

Ransomware is a type of malicious software that encrypts a victim’s files and demands payment in exchange for the decryption key. It is a rapidly growing and evolving threat that has caused significant damage and disruption to individuals and organizations around the world. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive ransomware classification approach based on the comparison of similarity matrices derived from static, dynamic analysis, and visualization. Our approach involves the use of multiple analysis techniques to extract features from ransomware samples and to generate similarity matrices based on these features. These matrices are then compared using a variety of comparison algorithms to identify similarities and differences between the samples. The resulting similarity scores are then used to classify the samples into different categories, such as families, variants, and versions. We evaluate our approach using a dataset of ransomware samples and demonstrate that it can accurately classify the samples with a high degree of accuracy. One advantage of our approach is the use of visualization, which allows us to classify and cluster large datasets of ransomware in a more intuitive and effective way. In addition, static analysis has the advantage of being fast and accurate, while dynamic analysis allows us to classify and cluster packed ransomware samples. We also compare our approach to other classification approaches based on single analysis techniques and show that our approach outperforms these approaches in terms of classification accuracy. Overall, our study demonstrates the potential of using a comprehensive approach based on the comparison of multiple analysis techniques, including static analysis, dynamic analysis, and visualization, for the accurate and efficient classification of ransomware. It also highlights the importance of considering multiple analysis techniques in the development of effective ransomware classification methods, especially when dealing with large datasets and packed samples.
Identifying Smartphone Users Based on Activities in Daily Living Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Mekruksavanich Sakorn , Jitpattanakul Anuchit
Published: January 2024

Smartphones have become ubiquitous, allowing people to perform various tasks anytime and anywhere. As technology continues to advance, smartphones can now sense and connect to networks, providing context-awareness for different applications. Many individuals store sensitive data on their devices like financial credentials and personal information due to the convenience and accessibility. However, losing control of this data poses risks if the phone gets lost or stolen. While passwords, PINs, and pattern locks are common security methods, they can still be compromised through exploits like smudging residue from touching the screen. This research explored leveraging smartphone sensors to authenticate users based on behavioral patterns when operating the device. The proposed technique uses a deep learning model called DeepResNeXt, a type of deep residual network, to accurately identify smartphone owners through sensor data efficiently. Publicly available smartphone datasets were used to train the suggested model and other state-of-the-art networks to conduct user recognition. Multiple experiments validated the effectiveness of this framework, surpassing previous benchmark models in this area with a top F1-score of 98.96%.
Development of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent and Immunochromatography Assays for Diagnosing Nosema ceranae Infection in Honey Bees
Authors: Lee Jae Kwon
Published: January 2024

Nosema ceranae (N. ceranae) infection is prevalent globally, causing a decline in bee populations and significant economic losses to apiarists. Although several methods have been proposed for diagnosing Nosema infections, limitations in these methods have hindered their broad applications. Therefore, this current study aimed to develop a specialized method for diagnosing Nosema infections. To achieve this, a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunochromatography assay (ICG) were developed, and their effectiveness in screening and diagnosing Nosema infection was assessed. In sandwich ELISA, the combination of the monoclonal antibodies (mAb) 19B2 and biotinylated-19B2 exhibited stronger binding affinity to the antigen than did other combinations of mAbs that were tested. Furthermore, the antigen detection limit achieved with the sandwich ELISA surpassed that previously reported with Western blotting. The ICG was designed using the same antibody combination as that used in sandwich ELISA; however, the assay exhibited a lower diagnostic ability for Nosema infection than the ELISA. The diagnostic models developed in this study offer practical applications for conducting rapid nosemosis detection tests. These innovative techniques will help to improve the timely identification and management of nosemosis.
Diabrotica v. virgifera Seems Not Affected by Entomotoxic Protease Inhibitors from Higher Fungi
Authors: Toepfer Stefan , Toth Szabolcs , Zupan Tanja , Bogataj Urban , Žnidaršič Nada , Ladanyi Marta , Sabotič Jerica
Published: January 2024

Certain soil insects, such as the root-damaging larvae of the maize pest Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), are increasingly difficult to control because of recent bans of some insecticides. An alternative and safer approach may be the development of biopesticides based on entomotoxic defense proteins of higher fungi. Many of these potentially interesting proteins are protease inhibitors, and some have been shown to adversely affect insects. We examined the effects of the cysteine protease inhibitors macrocypin 1, 3, and 4 from Macrolepiota procera, clitocypin from Clitocybe nebularis, and cocaprin 1 and the serine protease inhibitor cospin 1 from Coprinopsis cinerea on D. v. virgifera. We confirmed the inhibition by mycocypins of the cysteine catalytic-type proteolytic activities in gut extracts of larvae and adults. The inhibition of pGlu-Phe-Leu-hydrolyzing activity was stronger than that of Z-Phe-Arg-hydrolyzing activity. Mycocypins and cospin resisted long-term proteolytic digestion, whereas cocaprin 1 was digested. Bioassays with overlaid artificial diet revealed no effects of proteins on neonatal mortality or stunting, and no effects on adult mortality. Immersion of eggs in protein solutions had little effect on egg hatching or mortality of hatching neonates. Microscopic analysis of the peritrophic matrix and apical surface of the midguts revealed the similarity between larvae of D. v. virgifera and the chrysomelid Leptinotarsa decemlineata, which are sensitive to these inhibitors. The resistance of D. v. virgifera to fungal protease inhibitors is likely due to effective adaptation of digestive enzyme expression to dietary protease inhibitors. We continue to study unique protein complexes of higher fungi for the development of new approaches to pest control.
A Review on the Electrospinning of Polymer Nanofibers and Its Biomedical Applications
Authors: Venmathi Maran Balu Alagar , Jeyachandran Sivakamavalli , Kimura Masanari
Published: January 2024

Polymeric nanofibers have emerged as a captivating medium for crafting structures with biomedical applications. Spinning methods have garnered substantial attention in the context of medical applications and neural tissue engineering, ultimately leading to the production of polymer fibers. In comparison with polymer microfibers, polymer nanofibers boasting nanometer-scale diameters offer significantly larger surface areas, facilitating enhanced surface functionalization. Consequently, polymer nanofiber mats are presently undergoing rigorous evaluation for a myriad of applications, including filters, scaffolds for tissue engineering, protective equipment, reinforcement in composite materials, and sensors. This review offers an exhaustive overview of the latest advancements in polymer nanofiber processing and characterization. Additionally, it engages in a discourse regarding research challenges, forthcoming developments in polymer nanofiber production, and diverse polymer types and its applications. Electrospinning has been used to convert a broad range of polymers into nanoparticle nanofibers, and it may be the only approach with significant potential for industrial manufacturing. The basics of these spinning techniques, highlighting the biomedical uses as well as nanostructured fibers for drug delivery, disease modeling, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and bio-sensing have been explored.
Synthesis of Tubular Hydroxyapatite and Its Application in Polycaprolactone Scaffold Materials
Authors: Hong Ziyi , Wang Shaohui , Liu Fengyu
Published: January 2024

Nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is an ideal material in the field of biomedicine due to its good biocompatibility and bioactivity. However, a significant drawback of pure HAp materials is their inferior mechanical properties. Therefore, in this rigorous investigation, the optimal calcium-to-phosphorus ratio for the synthesis of HAp was meticulously delineated, followed by its nuanced modification using KH550 (γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane). This was further amalgamated with polycaprolactone (PCL) with the aim of providing a superior material alternative within the domain of bone scaffold materials. The post-modified HAp demonstrated enhanced interfacial compatibility with PCL, bestowing the composite with superior mechanical characteristics, notably a peak bending strength of 6.38 ± 0.037 MPa and a tensile strength of 3.71 ± 0.040 MPa. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imagery revealed an intriguing characteristic of the composite: an initial ascension in porosity upon HAp integration, subsequently followed by a decline. Beyond this, the composite not only exhibited stellar auto-degradation prowess but also realized a sustained release cycle of 24 h, markedly optimizing drug utility efficiency. A kinetic model for drug dispensation was developed, positing an adherence to a pseudo-second-order kinetic principle. In tandem, through the formulation of an intra-particle diffusion model, the diffusion mechanisms pre- and post-modification were deeply probed. Cytotoxicity assays underscored the composite’s exemplary biocompatibility. Such findings accentuate the vast potential of the modified HAp–PCL composite in bone tissue engineering, heralding a novel and efficacious avenue for impending bone defect amelioration.
State-of-the-Art Functional Biomaterials in China
Authors: Qiao Yuqin , Cao Huiliang
Published: January 2024

In recent years, rapid advancements in multidisciplinary fields (materials, biology, chemical physics, etc [...]
Surface Properties of a Biocompatible Thermoplastic Polyurethane and Its Anti-Adhesive Effect against E. coli and S. aureus
Authors: Restivo Elisa , Peluso Emanuela , Bloise Nora , Bello Giovanni Lo , Bruni Giovanna , Giannaccari Marialaura , Raiteri Roberto , Fassina Lorenzo , Visai Livia
Published: January 2024

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a polymer used in a variety of fields, including medical applications. Here, we aimed to verify if the brush and bar coater deposition techniques did not alter TPU properties. The topography of the TPU-modified surfaces was studied via AFM demonstrating no significant differences between brush and bar coater-modified surfaces, compared to the un-modified TPU (TPU Film). The effect of the surfaces on planktonic bacteria, evaluated by MTT assay, demonstrated their anti-adhesive effect on E. coli, while the bar coater significantly reduced staphylococcal planktonic adhesion and both bacterial biofilms compared to other samples. Interestingly, Pearson’s R coefficient analysis showed that Ra roughness and Haralick’s correlation feature were trend predictors for planktonic bacterial cells adhesion. The surface adhesion property was evaluated against NIH-3T3 murine fibroblasts by MTT and against human fibrinogen and human platelet-rich plasma by ELISA and LDH assay, respectively. An indirect cytotoxicity experiment against NIH-3T3 confirmed the biocompatibility of the TPUs. Overall, the results indicated that the deposition techniques did not alter the antibacterial and anti-adhesive surface properties of modified TPU compared to un-modified TPU, nor its bio- and hemocompatibility, confirming the suitability of TPU brush and bar coater films in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.
Advancing Smart Lighting: A Developmental Approach to Energy Efficiency through Brightness Adjustment Strategies
Authors: Widartha Vandha Pradwiyasma , Ra Ilkyeun , Lee Su-Yeon , Kim Chang-Soo
Published: January 2024

Smart lighting control systems represent an advanced approach to reducing energy use. These systems leverage advanced technology to provide users with better control over their lighting, allowing them to manually, remotely, and automatically modify the brightness, color, and timing of their lights. In this study, we aimed to enhance the energy efficiency of smart lighting systems by using light source data. A multifaceted approach was employed, involving the following three scenarios: sensing device, daylight data, and a combination of both. A low-cost sensor and third-party API were used for data collection, and a prototype application was developed for real-time monitoring. The results showed that combining sensor and daylight data effectively reduced energy consumption, and the rule-based algorithm further optimized energy usage. The prototype application provided real-time monitoring and actionable insights, thus contributing to overall energy optimization.
Sex Bias in Diagnostic Delay: Are Axial Spondyloarthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis Still Phantom Diseases in Women? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bandinelli Francesca , Martinelli-Consumi Bianca , Manetti Mirko , Vallecoccia Maria Sole
Published: January 2024

Diagnostic delay (DD) is associated with poor radiological and quality of life outcomes in axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The female (F) population is often misdiagnosed, as classification criteria were previously studied mostly in males (M). We conducted a systematic review to investigate (i) the difference in DD between the sexes, the impact of HLA*B27 and clinical and social factors (work and education) on this gap, and (ii) the possible influence of the year of publication (before and after the 2009 ASAS classification criteria), geographical region (Europe and Israel vs. extra-European countries), sample sources (mono-center vs. multi-center studies), and world bank (WB) economic class on DD in both sexes. We searched, in PubMed and Embase, studies that reported the mean or median DD or the statistical difference in DD between sexes, adding a manual search. Starting from 399 publications, we selected 26 studies (17 from PubMed and Embase, 9 from manual search) that were successively evaluated with the modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (m-NOS). The mean DD of 16 high-quality (m-NOS > 4/8) studies, pooled with random-effects meta-analysis, produces results higher in F (1.48, 95% CI 0.83–2.14, p < 0.0001) but with significant results at the second analysis only in articles published before the 2009 ASAS classification criteria (0.95, 95% CI 0.05–1.85, p < 0.0001) and in extra-European countries (3.16, 95% CI 2.11–4.22, p < 0.05). With limited evidence, some studies suggest that DD in F might be positively influenced by HLA*B27 positivity, peripheral involvement, and social factors.
Laboratory Tools to Predict CFTR Modulator Therapy Effectiveness and to Monitor Disease Severity in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Bacalhau Mafalda , Camargo Mariana , Lopes-Pacheco Miquéias
Published: January 2024

The implementation of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs into clinical practice has been attaining remarkable therapeutic outcomes for CF, a life-threatening autosomal recessive genetic disease. However, there is elevated CFTR allelic heterogeneity, and various individuals carrying (ultra)rare CF genotypes remain without any approved modulator therapy. Novel translational model systems based on individuals’ own cells/tissue are now available and can be used to interrogate in vitro CFTR modulator responses and establish correlations of these assessments with clinical features, aiming to provide prediction of therapeutic effectiveness. Furthermore, because CF is a progressive disease, assessment of biomarkers in routine care is fundamental in monitoring treatment effectiveness and disease severity. In the first part of this review, we aimed to focus on the utility of individual-derived in vitro models (such as bronchial/nasal epithelial cells and airway/intestinal organoids) to identify potential responders and expand personalized CF care. Thereafter, we discussed the usage of CF inflammatory biomarkers derived from blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and sputum to routinely monitor treatment effectiveness and disease progression. Finally, we summarized the progress in investigating extracellular vesicles as a robust and reliable source of biomarkers and the identification of microRNAs related to CFTR regulation and CF inflammation as novel biomarkers, which may provide valuable information for disease prognosis.
What Are the Differences in the Area of Profitability and Efficiency When Early and Late Adopters Are Analyzed Regarding the Basel III Leverage Ratio?
Authors: Bolfek Martin , Mažer Karmen Prtenjača , Bolfek Berislav
Published: January 2024

This research investigates whether banks that adopted new regulatory requirements earlier, such as Basel III, are more profitable, as well as more efficient, than banks that adopted these requirements later. In addition, all 138 banks are based in the G7 member countries, which are the most developed countries in the world. Also, banks are categorized into early and late adopters based on Basel III Leverage Ratio performance by using Fitch Connect. Moreover, profitability ratios, such as the Return on Equity, Return on Assets and efficiency ratio Operating Efficiency, were collected from Fitch Connect to analyze if early adopters were more profitable and efficient than the late adopters. Also, STATA is used to analyze descriptive statistics and a univariate analysis of both groups. Furthermore, the finding is that early adopters of the Basel III Leverage Ratio are not the more profitable or efficient firms compared to late adopters as anticipated. In addition, the results of early and late adopters do not differ that much in the analysis regarding profitability and efficiency ratios. This implies that it is not necessarily correct to assume that stricter regulation, such as Basel III, will negatively affect the profitability or efficiency of banks. In addition, these results are useful to regulators and policymakers of the G7 member countries for two reasons. Also, regulators can clearly see how banks are adopting new stricter regulation.
Predicting Financial Inclusion in Peru: Application of Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Maehara Rocío , Benites Luis , Talavera Alvaro , Aybar-Flores Alejandro , Muñoz Miguel
Published: January 2024

Financial inclusion is a fundamental and multidimensional matter that has acquired importance on the global agenda in recent years. In addition, it is still a source of great interest and concern for lawmakers, international organizations, scholars, and financial institutions worldwide. In that regard, this research focuses on Peru to assess the country’s financial inclusion condition, which continues to face significant hurdles in providing financial services to its whole population despite economic improvement. The aim of this article is twofold, based on recent data on demand for financial services and financial culture in the country: (1) to empirically test how machine learning methods, such as decision trees, random forests, artificial neural networks, XGBoost, and support vector machines, can be a valuable complement to standard models (i.e., generalized linear models like logistic regression) for assessing financial inclusion in Peru, and (2) to identify the most influential sociodemographic factors on financial inclusion assessment in the country. The results may catalyze the integration of machine learning techniques into the Peruvian financial system, garnering the interest of finance researchers and policymakers committed to augmenting financial access and utilization among Peruvian consumers.
Natural Fiber Reinforced Shoe Midsoles with Balanced Stiffness/Damping Behavior
Authors: Cordin Michael , Eberle Sandra , Bechtold Thomas , Bitschnau Christian , Lins Kevin , Duc Fabien , Chapuis Raphaële , Pham Tung
Published: January 2024

The comfort of walking depends heavily on the shoes used. Consequently, the midsole of shoes is designed in such a way that it can dampen force peaks during walking. This significantly increases the overall wellness during walking. Therefore, the midsole usually consists of rubber-like polymers, such as polyurethane and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Furthermore, the manufacturing process of these polymers results in a foam-like structure. This further enhances the damping behavior of the material. Nevertheless, it would be desirable to find a cheap and sustainable method to enhance the damping behavior of the shoe midsole. The purpose of this work is to see if hemp fibers, which are part of the polymer matrix material, could improve the stiffness without losing the damping behavior. The mechanical properties of such prepared fiber-reinforced composites were characterized by quasi-static tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis. The mechanical properties were examined in relation to the fiber type, weight fraction, and type of polyurethane used. Furthermore, the investigation of the embedding of these fibers in the polymer matrix was conducted through the utilization of optical and electron microscopy.
Mycelium-Based Composites as a Sustainable Solution for Waste Management and Circular Economy
Authors: Barta Daniel-Gabriel , Simion Irina , Tiuc Ancuța-Elena , Vasile Ovidiu
Published: January 2024

The global population is expected to increase by nearly 2 billion individuals over the next three decades, leading to a significant surge in waste generation and environmental challenges. To mitigate these challenges, there is a need to develop sustainable solutions that can effectively manage waste generation and promote a circular economy. Mycelium-based composites (MBCs) are being developed for various applications, including packaging, architectural designs, sound absorption, and insulation. MBCs are made by combining fungal mycelium with organic substrates, using the mycelium as a natural adhesive. Mycelium, the vegetative part of fungi, can be grown on various organic feedstocks and functionalized into a range of diverse material types that are biobased and thus more sustainable in their production, use, and recycling. This work aims to obtain mycelium-based composites with acoustic absorption properties, using coffee grounds and agricultural waste as raw materials. The topic approached presents a new method of recovering spent coffee grounds that does not involve high production costs and reduces two current environmental problems: noise pollution and abundant waste. Measurements of the normal-incidence sound absorption coefficient were presented and analyzed. Mycelium-based composites offer an innovative, sustainable approach to developing bio-composite sound-absorbing surfaces for interior fittings. The material by Ganoderma lucidum exhibits exceptional sound-absorbing properties at frequencies below 700 Hz, which is a crucial aspect of creating sound-absorbing materials that effectively absorb low-frequency sound waves. The modular construction system allows for a high degree of flexibility to adapt to short-term changes in the workplace.
Thermal Activation of High-Alumina Coal Gangue Auxiliary Cementitious Admixture: Thermal Transformation, Calcining Product Formation and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Zhang Mingjun , Li Liang , Yang Fan , Zhang Shigang , Zhang He , Zhu Yongfu , An Jian
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a new preparation technology is developed to make high-alumina coal gangue (HACG) auxiliary cementitious admixture by calcining HACG–Ca(OH)2 (CH) mixture. HACG powders mixed with 20 wt.% CH were calcined within a temperature range of 600–900 °C, and the thermal transformation and mineral phase formation were analyzed. The hydration reaction between activated HACG–CH mixture and cement was also investigated. The results showed that HACG experienced a conventional transformation from kaolinite to metakaolin at 600 °C and finally to mullite at 900 °C, whereas CH underwent an unexpected transformation process from CH to CaO, then to CaCO3, and finally to CaO again. These substances’ states were associated with the dehydroxylation of CH, the chemical reaction between CaO and CO2 generating from the combustion of carbon in HACG, and the decomposition of CaCO3, respectively. It is the formation of a large amount of CaO above 800 °C that favors the formation of hydratable products containing Al2O3 in the calcining process and C-A-H gel in the hydration process. The mechanical properties of HACG–cement mortar specimens were measured, from which the optimal calcination temperature of 850 °C was determined. As compared with pure cement mortar specimens, the maximum 28-d flexural and compressive strengths of HACG–cement mortar specimens increased by 5.4% and 38.2%, respectively.
Tribological and Antimicrobial Properties of Two-Component Self-Assembled Monolayers Deposited on Ti-Incorporated Carbon Coatings
Authors: Cichomski Michał , Wrońska Natalia , Dudek Mariusz , Jędrzejczak Anna , Lisowska Katarzyna
Published: January 2024

In this work, Ti-incorporated carbon coatings were used as substrates for modification with one- and two-component self-assembled monolayers of organosilane compounds using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp. This enabled the selective functionalization of surfaces with micrometric dimensions. The topography of the modified surfaces was defined using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The effectiveness of the modification was confirmed by measurements of the water contact angle and surface free energy using the Oss and Good method. Using a T-23 microtribometer with counterparts in the shape of balls that were made of steel, silicon nitride (Si3N4), and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), the tribological properties of the obtained coatings were tested. These investigations showed that modification by using a PDMS stamp makes it possible to produce two-component ultrathin silane layers on Ti-containing carbon substrates. Two-component organosilane layers had higher hydrophobicity, a lower friction coefficient, and a smaller width of wear tracks than the one-component analogs. It was also found that the work of adhesion of the created surfaces had a significant influence on the value of the friction coefficient and the percentage value of the growth inhibition of bacteria.
The Effects of Strain Rate and Anisotropy on the Formability and Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Alloy 2024-T3
Authors: Harant Martin , Verleysen Patricia , Forejt Milan , Kolomy Stepan
Published: January 2024

The present study focuses on the mechanical behaviour and formability of the aluminium alloy 2024-T3 in sheet form with a thickness of 0.8 mm. For this purpose, tensile tests at quasi-static and intermediate strain rates were performed using a universal testing machine, and high strain rate experiments were performed using a split Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB) facility. The material’s anisotropy was investigated by considering seven different specimen orientations relative to the rolling direction. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to measure specimen deformation. Based on the true stress–strain curves, the alloy exhibited negative strain rate sensitivity (NSRS). Dynamic strain aging (DSA) was investigated as a possible cause. However, neither the strain distribution nor the stress–strain curves gave further indications of the occurrence of DSA. A higher deformation capacity was observed in the high strain rate experiments. The alloy displayed anisotropic mechanical properties. Values of the Lankford coefficient lower than 1, more specifically, varying between 0.45 and 0.87 depending on specimen orientations and strain rate, were found. The hardening exponent was not significantly dependent on specimen orientation and only moderately affected by strain rate. An average value of 0.183 was observed for specimens tested at a quasi-static strain rate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a typical ductile fracture morphology with fine dimples. Dimple sizes were hardly affected by specimen orientation and strain rate.
Estimation of Activity and Molar Excess Gibbs Energy of Binary Liquid Alloys Pb-Sn, Al-Sn and In-Zn from the Partial Radial Distribution Function Simulated by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Zhang Tianao , Chen Xiumin , Lu Yi , Hang Jiulong , Tao Dongping
Published: January 2024

For the present, it is difficult to obtain thermodynamic data for binary liquid alloys by experimental measurements. In this study, the molecular dynamics processes of the binary liquid alloys Pb50-Sn50, Al50-Sn50, and In50-Zn50 were simulated by using the ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) principle, and their partial radial distribution functions (PRDF) were obtained at different simulation steps. Combined with the relevant binary parameters of the Molecular Interaction Volume Model (MIVM), Regular Solution Model (RSM), Wilson Model, and Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) models. The integral terms containing the PRDF were computed using the graphical integration method to obtain the parameters of these models, thus estimating their activity and molar excess Gibbs energy. The total average relative deviations (ARD) of the activity and molar excess Gibbs energy estimates of the four models for the binary liquid alloys Pb50-Sn50, Al50-Sn50, and In50-Zn50 at full concentration when the PRDF is obtained by the symmetry method are MIVM: 21.59% and 59.35%; RSM: 21.63% and 60.27%; Wilson: 24.27% and 86.7%; NRTL: 23.9% and 83.24%. When the PRDF is obtained by the asymmetric method: MIVM: 22.86% and 68.08%; RSM: 32.84% and 68.66%; Wilson: 25.14% and 82.75%; NRTL: 24.49% and 85.74%. This indicates that the estimation performance of the MIVM model is superior to the other three models, and the symmetric method performs better than the asymmetric method. The present study also derives and verifies the feasibility of Sommer’s equation for estimating the molar excess Gibbs energy and activity of binary liquid alloy systems in the Miedema model by using different equations of enthalpy of mixing versus excess entropy given by Tanaka, Ding, and Sommer. The total ARD of Tanaka, Ding, and Sommer’s relational equations in the Miedema model for estimating the activities and molar excess Gibbs energies of the binary liquid alloys Pb-Sn, Al-Sn, and In-Zn are 3.07% and 8.92%, 6.09% and 17.1%, and 4.1% and 14.77%. The results indicate that the estimation performance of the Miedema model is superior to the other four models.
The Regularities of Metal Transfer by a Nickel-Based Superalloy Tool during Friction Stir Processing of a Titanium Alloy Produced by Wire-Feed Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Rubtsov Valery , Chumaevskii Andrey , Knyazhev Evgeny , Utyaganova Veronika , Gurianov Denis , Amirov Alihan , Cheremnov Andrey , Kolubaev Evgeny
Published: January 2024

In this work, the interaction of an additively produced Ti-4Al-3V titanium alloy with a nickel superalloy tool and the features of the stir zone formation during friction stir processing have been studied. The stop-action technique was used to produce the samples to be studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy methods, as well as microhardness measurements. As a result, it was revealed that the tool, when moving, forms a pre-deformed area in front of it, which is characterized by a fine-grained structure. The presence of an interface layer between the workpiece material and primary fragmentation by the tool was revealed. It was demonstrated that the transfer of titanium alloy material occurs periodically following the ratio of feeding speed to tool rotation rate. Metal flow around the tool can occur in both laminar and vortex modes, as indicated by the tool material stirred into the transfer layer and used as a marker.
Integrating TCGA and Single-Cell Sequencing Data for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Novel Glycosylation (GLY)/Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Classifier to Predict Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response
Authors: Wu Yun , Chen Jiaru , Zhu Riting , Huang Guoliang , Zeng Jincheng , Yu Hongbing , He Zhiwei , Han Cuifang
Published: January 2024

The major liver cancer subtype is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies have indicated that a better prognosis is related to the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in HCC. However, the molecular pathways that drive immune cell variation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain poorly understood. Glycosylation (GLY)-related genes have a vital function in the pathogenesis of numerous tumors, including HCC. This study aimed to develop a GLY/TME classifier based on glycosylation-related gene scores and tumor microenvironment scores to provide a novel prognostic model to improve the prediction of clinical outcomes. The reliability of the signatures was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and survival analyses and was verified with external datasets. Furthermore, the correlation between glycosylation-related genes and other cells in the immune environment, the immune signature of the GLY/TME classifier, and the efficacy of immunotherapy were also investigated. The GLY score low/TME score high subgroup showed a favorable prognosis and therapeutic response based on significant differences in immune-related molecules and cancer cell signaling mechanisms. We evaluated the prognostic role of the GLY/TME classifier that demonstrated overall prognostic significance for prognosis and therapeutic response before treatment, which may provide new options for creating the best possible therapeutic approaches for patients.
Metabolomic Signatures of Brainstem in Mice following Acute and Subchronic Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure
Authors: Kim Dong-Suk , Santana Maldonado Cristina M. , Giulivi Cecilia , Rumbeiha Wilson Kiiza
Published: January 2024

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an environmental toxicant of significant health concern. The brain is a major target in acute H2S poisoning. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that acute and subchronic ambient H2S exposures alter the brain metabolome. Male 7–8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were exposed by whole-body inhalation to 1000 ppm H2S for 45 min and euthanized at 5 min or 72 h for acute exposure. For subchronic study, mice were exposed to 5 ppm H2S 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 5 weeks. Control mice were exposed to room air. The brainstem was removed for metabolomic analysis. Enrichment analysis showed that the metabolomic profiles in acute and subchronic H2S exposures matched with those of cerebral spinal fluid from patients with seizures or Alzheimer’s disease. Acute H2S exposure decreased excitatory neurotransmitters, aspartate, and glutamate, while the inhibitory neurotransmitter, serotonin, was increased. Branched-chain amino acids and glucose were increased by acute H2S exposure. Subchronic H2S exposure within OSHA guidelines surprisingly decreased serotonin concentration. In subchronic H2S exposure, glucose was decreased, while polyunsaturated fatty acids, inosine, and hypoxanthine were increased. Collectively, these results provide important mechanistic clues for acute and subchronic ambient H2S poisoning and show that H2S alters brainstem metabolome.
Metabolic Adaptations in Rapeseed: Hemin-Induced Resilience to NaCl Stress by Enhancing Growth, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Defense Ability
Authors: Lu Xutong , Zheng Dianfeng , Feng Naijie , Zhou Guangsheng , Khan Aaqil , Zhao Huimin , Deng Peng , Zhou Hang , Lin Feng , Chen Ziming
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate whether presoaking with hemin (5 μmol·L−1) could alleviate NaCl stress during rapeseed seedlings’ growth and its role in the regulation of photosynthesis. In this experiment, ‘HUAYOUZA 62 (HYZ 62)’ and ‘HUAYOUZA 158R (158R)’ were used as materials for pot experiments to study the morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant activity, and osmoregulatory factors of seedlings under different salt concentrations, as well as the regulatory effects of hemin-presoaked seeds. Our findings revealed that, compared the control, NaCl stress inhibited the growth of two rapeseed varieties, decreased the seedling emergence rate, and increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the electrolyte leakage rate (EL) and antioxidant enzyme activity. Hemin soaking alleviated the adverse effects of salt stress and increased plant height, root elongation and dry matter accumulation. Compared with all NaCl treatments, hemin significantly enhanced photosynthetic indexes, including a percent increase of 12.99–24.36% and 5.39–16.52% in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), 17.86–48.08% and 8.6–23.44% in stomatal conductivity (Gs), and 15.42–37.94% and 11.09–19.08% in transpiration rate (Tr) for HYZ62 and 158R, respectively. Moreover, hemin soaking also increased antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), reducing the malondialdehyde, and thus resulting in the alleviation of oxidative damage caused by NaCl stress. Furthermore, hemin stimulated the formation of soluble protein, which effectively regulated the osmo-protective qualities. The current findings strongly elucidate that hemin soaking could effectively alleviate the negative impacts of NaCl stress by regulating the morphological, photosynthetic, and antioxidant traits. This study provides a new idea regarding the effect of Hemin on the salt tolerance of rapeseed, and provides a basis for the practical application of Hemin in saline–alkali soil to improve the salt tolerance of cultivated rapeseed.
Ultra-High Frequency Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors for Temperature Detection
Authors: Dong Qi , Yang Qutong , Liu Xiaoyang , Hu Shenghe , Nie Wenzhe , Jiang Zhao , Fan Xiaoming , Luo Jingting , Tao Ran , Fu Chen
Published: January 2024

Highly sensitive surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors have recently been recognized as a promising tool for various industrial and medical applications. However, existing SAW sensors generally suffer from a complex design, large size, and poor robustness. In this paper, we develop a simple and stable delay line ultra-high frequency (UHF) SAW sensor for highly sensitive detection of temperature. A Z-shaped delay line is specially designed on the piezoelectric substrate to improve the sensitivity and reduce the substrate size. Herein, the optimum design parameters of extremely short-pitch interdigital transducers (IDTs) are given by numerical simulations. The extremely short pitch gives the SAW sensor ultra-high operating frequency and consequently ultra-high sensitivity. Several experiments are conducted to demonstrate that the sensitivity of the Z-shaped SAW delay line sensor can reach up to 116.685°/°C for temperature detection. The results show that the sensor is an attractive alternative to current SAW sensing platforms in many applications.
Whole Genome Sequences, De Novo Assembly, and Annotation of Antibiotic Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Strains S27, S33, and S36 Newly Isolated from Chicken Meat
Authors: He Yiping , Kanrar Siddhartha , Reed Sue , Lee Joe , Capobianco Joseph
Published: January 2024

Campylobacter is a leading bacterial cause of gastrointestinal infections in humans and has imposed substantial medical and public health burdens worldwide. Among a total of 39 species in the Campylobacter genus, C. jejuni is the most important species responsible for approx. 90% of human Campylobacter illness. Most cases of the infection were acquired by ingesting undercooked poultry meat due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter in the products. Here, we reported the dataset of raw sequences, de novo assembled and annotated genomes of C. jejuni strains S27, S33, and S36 recently isolated from retail chicken by using PacBio highly accurate long-read sequencing technology combined with bioinformatics tools. Our data revealed several virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in each of the chromosomes, a type IV secretion system in the plasmid (pCjS33) of C. jejuni S33, and a type VI secretion system and a phage in the plasmid (pCjS36) of C. jejuni S36. This study not only provides new sequence data but also extends the knowledge pertaining to the genomic and functional aspects of this important foodborne pathogen, including the genetic determinants of virulence and antibiotic resistance.