bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical bases and principles of the development of the systems of production in conditions of integration of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Газетдинов  , Gazetdinov Mirsharip , Хайруллина  , Khayrullina Svetlana
Published: November 2013

Fodder production is part of the crop of the industry and the need for the establishment of a solid food base of the livestock sector. In the conditions of formation of the integrated farms of great practical value is the theoretical substantiation of development of systems of fodder production for objective economic evaluation of the current status, identifying priority directions of the branch and forecasting the prospects of development of the agro-industrial complex. System of feed integrated formations entirely consists of the process of creation of fodder base and organization of production at the enterprise. A fodder base expresses fodder capacity or resource, which has the enterprise for feeding and receiving of livestock products. The process of production should be based on organizational structure and management structure of fodder production, as an independent branch of industry, with the consideration of the modernization of production and application of innovations. The process of production is inseparably connected with the rational organization of the system, which is based on feasibility and order of all elements of proportionality factors of production. From this analysis also shows that the integrated structures in the agroindustrial complex of the Russian Federation will become the decisive factor of its rapidly-sustainable development only by the wide use of these forms of management in all the regions with favourable conditions for agriculture. The priorities in agriculture should be given to livestock as a branch, providing in-depth processing of crop production of raw materials, production of which is to receive the normal food for the population of the country.
A plant for blood heat treatment of farm animals
Authors: Белова  , Belova Maryana , Зиганшин  , Ziganshin Bulat , Уездный  , Uezdnyy Nikolay
Published: November 2013

The microwave installation for the cooking farm animals blood was designed. It consists of a cylindrical shield casing, inside which are the rotor; a plurality of cylindrical resonator chambers, rigidly fixed by the microwave generator so that the emitter is on its inside. Three microwave generators and an infrared heating sets (IR lamp) are installed alternately on the upper base of the cylindrical screening body to increase plant productivity. To fix the lower parts of the cylindrical resonator chambers in a vertical position there are a tension ring. It holds the resonator chamber to discharge the sector. The unit of start safety equipment was mounted on the side of the shield casing. There is a dispenser with a rotating shutter on the top shield frame, before the first microwave generator. Implementation of the gate with mounted along the shaft of the blades with scrapers is used for cleaning dispenser cap from entering blood. There is an unloading chute on the side of the shield casing. In its sector, there is a special stop element, contributing to overturn the resonating chambers and return them to the upright position. The cost effectiveness of microwave plant with a capacity of 60 kilogram per hour is about 1 million.
PEDAGOGICAL MONITORING SYSTEM TO ASSESS HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS STUDENTS� READINESS TO CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
Authors: �������  , Lezhneva Nina
Published: November 2013

The author shares her own practical ideas of how to set up monitoring

system to assess and correct the students� readiness for continuous professional

education. Theoretical basics of such monitoring system and details of its establishment

in higher educational institutions are defined. Among the main features

of monitoring system are highlighted: the object, the subject, goals, main requirements and informational framework. Conceptually monitoring is based on

the model of higher educational institution graduate, where the graduate continues

his professional education. It is accepted that the model has value-motivational,

cognitive, reflexive and activity components, which serve as initial metrics for the

monitoring system designing. Various functions of monitoring system are revealed,

including constructive and indicative, information and analytical, integration, research

and strategic planning.

In addition to a set of principles, traditional for monitoring systems designing and

implementing, the author provides the rationale for the humanization principle,

which makes it possible to treat monitoring system as a means to support students�

professional and personality self-development, professional self-determination and

self-fulfillment. Peculiarities of monitoring at different stages of students� readiness

to continuous education (adaptive-and diagnostic, prospective-and-developmental,

reflexive-and-regulatory) are described.
Measuring Information Technology Spillovers
Authors: Tambe Prasanna , Hitt Lorin M.
Published: October 2013

The measurement of the impact of IT spillovers on productivity is an important emerging area of research. Studies of IT spillovers often adopt a “production function” approach commonly used for measuring R&D spillovers, in which an external pool of IT investment is modeled using weighted measures of the IT investments of other firms, industries, or countries. We show that when using this approach, measurement error in a firm's own IT inputs can exert a significant upward bias on estimates of social returns to IT investment. This problem is particularly severe for IT spillovers because of the high levels of measurement error in most available IT data. The presence of the bias term can be demonstrated by using instrumental variable techniques to remove the effects of measurement error in a firm's own IT inputs. Using panel data on IT investment, we show that measurement error corrected estimates of IT spillovers are 40% to 90% lower than uncorrected estimates. This bias term is increasing in the correlation between the IT pool and firms' own IT investment. Therefore, estimates from models of spillover pools are less sensitive to the issues identified in this paper when the spillover paths minimize the correlation between a firm's own IT investment and the constructed external IT pool. Implications for researchers, policy makers, and managers are discussed.
Femoral taperosis
Authors: Wassef A. J. , Schmalzried T. P.
Published: November 2013

A modular femoral head–neck junction has practical advantages in total hip replacement. Taper fretting and corrosion have so far been an infrequent cause of revision. The role of design and manufacturing variables continues to be debated. Over the past decade several changes in technology and clinical practice might result in an increase in clinically significant taper fretting and corrosion. Those factors include an increased usage of large diameter (36 mm) heads, reduced femoral neck and taper dimensions, greater variability in taper assembly with smaller incision surgery, and higher taper stresses due to increased patient weight and/or physical activity. Additional studies are needed to determine the role of taper assembly compared with design, manufacturing and other implant variables.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:3–6.
Dislocation following total hip replacement
Authors: Brooks P. J.
Published: November 2013

Dislocation is one of the most common causes of patient and surgeon dissatisfaction following hip replacement and to treat it, the causes must first be understood. Patient factors include age greater than 70 years, medical comorbidities, female gender, ligamentous laxity, revision surgery, issues with the abductors, and patient education. Surgeon factors include the annual quantity of procedures and experience, the surgical approach, adequate restoration of femoral offset and leg length, component position, and soft-tissue or bony impingement. Implant factors include the design of the head and neck region, and so-called skirts on longer neck lengths. There should be offset choices available in order to restore soft-tissue tension. Lipped liners aid in gaining stability, yet if improperly placed may result in impingement and dislocation. Late dislocation may result from polyethylene wear, soft-tissue destruction, trochanteric or abductor disruption and weakness, or infection. Understanding the causes of hip dislocation facilitates prevention in a majority of instances. Proper pre-operative planning includes the identification of patients with a high offset in whom inadequate restoration of offset will reduce soft-tissue tension and abductor efficiency. Component position must be accurate to achieve stability without impingement. Finally, patient education cannot be over-emphasised, as most dislocations occur early, and are preventable with proper instructions.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:67–9.
One-stage exchange
Authors: Gehrke T. , Zahar A. , Kendoff D.
Published: November 2013

Based on the first implementation of mixing antibiotics into bone cement in the 1970s, the Endo-Klinik has used one stage exchange for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in over 85% of cases. Looking carefully at current literature and guidelines for PJI treatment, there is no clear evidence that a two stage procedure has a higher success rate than a one-stage approach. A cemented one-stage exchange potentially offers certain advantages, mainly based on the need for only one operative procedure, reduced antibiotics and hospitalisation time. In order to fulfill a one-stage approach, there are obligatory pre-, peri- and post-operative details that need to be meticulously respected, and are described in detail. Essential pre-operative diagnostic testing is based on the joint aspiration with an exact identification of any bacteria. The presence of a positive bacterial culture and respective antibiogram are essential, to specify the antibiotics to be loaded to the bone cement, which allows a high local antibiotic elution directly at the surgical side. A specific antibiotic treatment plan is generated by a microbiologist. The surgical success relies on the complete removal of all pre-existing hardware, including cement and restrictors and an aggressive and complete debridement of any infected soft tissues and bone material. Post-operative systemic antibiotic administration is usually completed after only ten to 14 days.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:77–83.
Which total knee replacement implant should I pick?
Authors: Berend K. R. , Lombardi Jr A. V. , Adams J. B.
Published: November 2013

Debate has raged over whether a cruciate retaining (CR) or a posterior stabilised (PS) total knee replacement (TKR) provides a better range of movement (ROM) for patients. Various sub-sets of CR design are frequently lumped together when comparing outcomes. Additionally, multiple factors have been proven to influence the rate of manipulation under anaesthetic (MUA) following TKR. The purpose of this study was to determine whether different CR bearing insert designs provide better ROM or different MUA rates. All primary TKRs performed by two surgeons between March 2006 and March 2009 were reviewed and 2449 CR-TKRs were identified. The same CR femoral component, instrumentation, and tibial base plate were consistently used. In 1334 TKRs a CR tibial insert with 3° posterior slope and no posterior lip was used (CR-S). In 803 there was an insert with no slope and a small posterior lip (CR-L) and in 312 knees the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was either resected or lax and a deep-dish, anterior stabilised insert was used (CR-AS). More CR-AS inserts were used in patients with less pre-operative ROM and greater pre-operative tibiofemoral deformity and flexion contracture (p < 0.05). The mean improvement in ROM was highest for the CR-AS inserts (5.9° (-40° to 55°) vs CR-S 3.1° (-45° to 70°) vs CR-L 3.0° (-45° to 65°); p = 0.004). There was a significantly higher MUA rate with the CR-S and CR-L inserts than CR-AS (Pearson rank 6.51; p = 0.04). Despite sacrificing or not substituting for the PCL, ROM improvement was highest, and the MUA rate was lowest in TKRs with a deep-dish, anterior-stabilised insert. Substitution for the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the form of a PS design may not be necessary even when the PCL is deficient.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:129–32.
Acetabular fractures
Authors: Sierra R. J. , Mabry T. M. , Sems S. A. , Berry D. J.
Published: November 2013

Total hip replacement (THR) after acetabular fracture presents unique challenges to the orthopaedic surgeon. The majority of patients can be treated with a standard THR, resulting in a very reasonable outcome. Technical challenges however include infection, residual pelvic deformity, acetabular bone loss with ununited fractures, osteonecrosis of bone fragments, retained metalwork, heterotopic ossification, dealing with the sciatic nerve, and the difficulties of obtaining long-term acetabular component fixation. Indications for an acute THR include young patients with both femoral head and acetabular involvement with severe comminution that cannot be reconstructed, and the elderly, with severe bony comminution. The outcomes of THR for established post-traumatic arthritis include excellent pain relief and functional improvements. The use of modern implants and alternative bearing surfaces should improve outcomes further.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:11–16.
Acetabular protrusio
Authors: Mullaji A. B. , Shetty G. M.
Published: November 2013

There are few reports describing the technique of managing acetabular protrusio in primary total hip replacement. Most are small series with different methods of addressing the challenges of significant medial and proximal migration of the joint centre, deficient medial bone and reduced peripheral bony support to the acetabular component. We describe our technique and the clinical and radiological outcome of using impacted morsellised autograft with a porous-coated cementless cup in 30 primary THRs with mild (n = 8), moderate (n = 10) and severe (n = 12) grades of acetabular protrusio. The mean Harris hip score had improved from 52 pre-operatively to 85 at a mean follow-up of 4.2 years (2 to 10). At final follow-up, 27 hips (90%) had a good or excellent result, two (7%) had a fair result and one (3%) had a poor result. All bone grafts had united by the sixth post-operative month and none of the hips showed any radiological evidence of recurrence of protrusio, osteolysis or loosening. By using impacted morsellised autograft and cementless acetabular components it was possible to achieve restoration of hip mechanics, provide a biological solution to bone deficiency and ensure long-term fixation without recurrence in arthritic hips with protrusio undergoing THR.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:37–40.
Total knee replacement with the use of a tourniquet
Authors: Parvizi J. , Diaz-Ledezma C.
Published: November 2013

Total knee replacement (TKR) is an operation that can be performed with or without the use of a tourniquet. Meta-analyses of the available Level-1 studies have demonstrated that the use of a tourniquet leads to a significant reduction in blood loss. The opponents for use of a tourniquet cite development of complications such as skin bruising, neurovascular injury, and metabolic disturbance as drawbacks. Although there may certainly be reason for concern in arteriopathic patients, there is little evidence that routine use of a tourniquet during TKR results in any of the above complications. The use of a tourniquet, on the other hand, provides a bloodless field that allows the surgeon to perform the procedure with expediency and optimal visualisation. Blood conservation has gained great importance in recent years due to increased understanding of the problems associated with blood transfusion, such as increased surgical site infection (due to immunomodulation effect), increased length of hospital stay and increased cost. Based on the authors’ understanding of the available evidence, the routine use of a tourniquet during TKR is justified as good surgical practice.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:133–4.
Cementless femoral fixation
Authors: Su E. P. , Barrack R. L.
Published: November 2013

Cementless femoral stems are currently preferred for total hip replacement (THR) in the United States. Improvements in stem design, instrumentation and surgical technique have made this technology highly successful, reproducible, and applicable to the vast majority of patients requiring a THR. However, there are ongoing developments in some aspects of stem design that influence clinical results, the incidence of complications and their inherent adaptability in accommodating the needs of individual patients. Here we examine some of these design features.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:53–6.
Conversion of hip fusion to total hip replacement
Authors: Whitehouse M. R. , Duncan C. P.
Published: November 2013

Hip arthrodesis remains a viable surgical technique in well selected patients, typically the young manual labourer with isolated unilateral hip disease. Despite this, its popularity with patients and surgeons has decreased due to the evolution of hip replacement, and is seldom chosen by young adult patients today. The surgeon is more likely to encounter a patient who requests conversion to total hip replacement (THR). The most common indications are a painful pseudarthrosis, back pain, ipsilateral knee pain or contralateral hip pain. Occasionally the patient will request conversion because of difficulty with activities of daily living, body image and perceived cosmesis. The technique of conversion and a discussion of the results are presented.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:114–19.
The short stem
Authors: Stulberg S. D. , Patel R. M.
Published: November 2013

Conventional uncemented femoral implants provide dependable long-term fixation in patients with a wide range of functional requirements. Yet challenges associated with proximal–distal femoral dimensional mismatch, preservation of bone stock, and minimally invasive approaches have led to exploration into alternative implant designs. Short stem designs focusing on a stable metaphyseal fit have emerged to address these issues in total hip replacement (THR). Uncemented metaphyseal-engaging short stem implants are stable and are associated with proximal bone remodeling closer to the metaphysis when compared with conventional stems and they also have comparable clinical performances. Short stem metaphyseal-engaging implants can meet the goals of a successful THR, including tolerating a high level of patient function, as well as durable fixation.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:57–62.
Large ceramic femoral heads
Authors: Rodriguez J. A. , Cooper H. J.
Published: November 2013

Large ceramic femoral heads offer several advantages that are potentially advantageous to patients undergoing both primary and revision total hip replacement. Many high-quality studies have demonstrated the benefit of large femoral heads in reducing post-operative instability. Ceramic femoral heads may also offer an advantage in reducing polyethylene wear that has been reported in vitro and is starting to become clinically apparent in mid-term clinical outcome studies. Additionally, the risk of taper corrosion at a ceramic femoral head–neck junction is clearly lower than when using a metal femoral head. With improvements in the material properties of both modern ceramic femoral heads and polyethylene acetabular liners that have reduced the risk of mechanical complications, large ceramic heads have gained popularity in recent years.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:63–6.
Addressing concerns
Authors: Williams Norman
Published: November 2013

As President, I am always mindful that Council must be in tune with the membership if the College is to achieve its aims and play a truly meaningful role in the healthcare environment. Without an appreciation of fellows’ and members’ concerns and a genuine partnership in our work, we would be ineffective and would not deserve your trust.
Anaesthesia, Trauma and Critical Care course gets RCS accreditation accolade
Authors: Bircher Martin , Yerokhina Anna
Published: November 2013

The Anaesthesia, Trauma and Critical Care (ATACC) course was initially developed in 1997 by a group of Merseyside anaesthetic consultants as a UK practice-based multidisciplinary advanced trauma care course. Throughout its 15- year history it has grown in stature to become one of the leading multidisciplinary trauma courses currently available in Europe. It has trained more than 1,000 surgeons, doctors, nurses, paramedics, military medics and other trauma care providers.
Teaching journalistic research skills in the digital age: Between traditional routines and advanced tools
Authors: Diekerhof Els
Published: November 2013

The content of most journalism courses at journalism schools has been affected by the fast digital and interactive developments in the field. The changing digital organization of information and sources necessitates constant changes in news-gathering and research techniques and affects education in research skills. How can educators cope with the new demands concerning information gathering and selecting? Journalism students need to know how to use the newest research tools, how to find quick and reliable information and data on the Internet and how to best utilize social media for their journalistic research. Which research skills need to be taught to journalism students in this digital age? This article attempts to map the salient issues concerning changes in the syllabi of research skills courses by analysing scholarly literature, blogs and books by professional journalists and experiences at the – author’s – School of Journalism in Utrecht (the Netherlands) with the implementation of newly designed research courses. It is argued that digital developments have caused a shift from the information-gathering stage to the selecting stage of the research process in journalism. This implies more emphasis on evaluating and selecting skills in journalism education. New digital tools also require different research skills such as more language skills for more efficient search strategies. New digital sources, such as open data and the public on social media, call for more analytical skills and specific social skills to be added to the customary research skills.
Perceiving professional threats: Journalism’s discursive reaction to the rise of new media entities
Authors: Eldridge II Scott
Published: November 2013

Researching what Silvio Waisbord (2013) calls the ambiguities of the profession of journalism requires confronting changes and challenges to journalism, addressing the self-proclaimed assertions of those who see themselves as journalists, and doing so with an eye to changing landscapes. To understand journalism’s professional identity in a digital era requires an equally agile approach, one that assesses professional adherence and identifies ways these aspects of identity translate and transpire in traditional understandings and forms, and how they relate to digitally native forms of mediated communication. Steeped in reflexive approaches born out of critical enquiry, this article advocates textual analysis and a discourse analysis methodology for analysing this identity, and posits that evaluating discourses of professional identity in texts serves as a gauge of journalism’s ‘threat perception’ towards new entities in the digital era. Pairing this approach with an engaged discussion of concepts of journalism allows for a broader understanding of how journalism’s professional identity is performed. First, this method better utilizes the way identity serves as a point around which tenets of ‘being’ journalism can be explored and, second, it engenders a more nuanced understanding of perceived threats to journalism’s primacy in the digital era. For educators, exploring how ‘different answers to journalistic problems are emerging in the online environment’ (Singer 2005: 180), reflexive analysis assuages disputes over journalism’s ambiguous professionalism, and moves towards a view of digital possibilities that discounts threats, and advances understandings towards a more reflexive space that better addresses the nexus between traditional concepts of journalism and new media opportunities.
Educating Max Headrooms: The Emergence of the Multimedia Journalist as the Future Journalist
Authors: Cummings Dean
Published: November 2013

It was once thought a multimedia journalist or MMJ was fantasy, as seen in the television series Max Headroom. The hero of the show was a journalist who videotaped his own stories, reported live from anywhere but was also seen as a stalwart of the fourth estate, a ‘hero’ of society. Today, it is possible for a journalist to technologically assert themselves as a Max Headroom reporter, yet what are missing from the fictional television series are the economical and social considerations put in place to make such a character viable. This article critically reviews the significance of the MMJ.
Schools of journalism facing participative Web 2.0
Authors: Amey Patrick , Lazar Mirela , Pélissier Nicolas , Pignard-Cheynel Nathalie
Published: November 2013

This article looks at how students and teachers at four schools of journalism from Grenoble and Marseille (France), Bucharest (Romania) and Geneva (Switzerland), represent and make use of amateur online publishing practices. It analyses the current conflict between the values associated with Web 2.0 and the normative model underpinning journalism, which is historically rooted in opposing the figure of the amateur. Combined research methods were used in the study, such as a questionnaire carried out on a group of 85 first-year master’s students in journalism, semi-structured interviews with second-year students and teachers, and focus groups conducted among volunteer students. The survey’s results highlight the role played by training establishments in legitimizing and internalizing the standards of journalistic professionalism.
The digital publishing communications circuit
Authors: Murray Padmini Ray , Squires Claire
Published: November 2013

The publishing value chain has remained relatively consistent since the invention of the printing press. Robert Darnton’s influential model of the communications circuit of the book, which tracks how intellectual property circulated in eighteenth-century France, has been a largely accurate representation of the publishing industry until the late twentieth century. This article examines changes to the publishing industry, particularly as a result of the disruptions and disintermediations of the digital age, and proposes a re-drawing of the communications circuit for the twenty-first century. The research in this article was supported by the Arts and Humanities Research Council grant number AH/J01317X/1The Book Unbound: Disruption and Disintermediation in the Digital Age.
The political activities of American corporate leaders
Authors: Nownes Anthony J. , Aitalieva Nurgul R.
Published: November 2013

What is the nature and extent of corporate leader involvement in American national politics? The results of a mail survey of nearly 100 such individuals show that leaders are quite active, devoting an average of nearly 1 hour per day to national political activity. We also show that corporate leaders engage in a wide range of advocacy activities. Monetary activities loom particularly large in the political lives of American corporate leaders, as large numbers are approached by members of Congress for contributions, and many who are approached answer the call. In addition, we find that corporate leaders, unlike advocacy professionals, do a great deal of their advocacy work in private; for the most part they eschew public activities such as testifying before congressional committees. Speaking to the question of which leaders are most politically active, our data evince a strong relationship between firm political activity and firm leader political activity. In sum, politically active firms have politically active leaders. We thus contribute to the ongoing academic discussion of corporate political activity by showing that the CEO's office is an additional locus of political power within business firms, and that CEO political activity is instrumental rather than consumptive in nature.
División dialectal de Costa Rica según sus hablantes
Authors: Quesada Pacheco Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2013

The present article deals with the results of a field work within perceptual Dialectology in Costa Rica, with the aim of finding out to which extent the informants conceive the dialectological constellation of their country, and which dialectological, sociolinguistic or stylistic factors are responsible for this constellation. Furthermore, it will be analysed what concept of dialect as a part of a language (in this case, Spanish) the informants have; what kind of role the capital San José has had in the identification of the regional speech forms and what kind of influence this city has had in the constitution of an idea of normed Spanish
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and autoimmune inflammation
Authors: Galicia Georgina , Gommerman Jennifer L.
Published: November 2013

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are a sub-population of dendritic cells (DC) that produce large amounts of type I interferon (IFN) in response to nucleic acids that bind and activate toll-like-receptor (TLR)9 and TLR7. Type I IFN can regulate the function of B, T, DC, and natural killer (NK) cells and can also alter the residence time of leukocytes within lymph nodes. Activated pDC can also function as antigen presenting cells (APC) and have the potential to prime and differentiate T cells into regulatory or inflammatory effector cells, depending on the context. In this review we discuss pDC ontogeny, function, trafficking, and activation. We will also examine how pDC can potentially be involved in regulating immune responses in the periphery as well as within the central nervous system (CNS) during multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
Acceleration of the EM-like reconstruction method for diffuse optical tomography with ordered-subsets method
Authors: Wang Caifang
Published: November 2013

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is an optical imaging
modality, which provides the spatial distribution of the optical
parameters inside a random medium. A propagation back-propagation
method named EM-like reconstruction method for stationary DOT
problem has been proposed yet. This method is really time consuming.
Hence the ordered-subsets (OS) technique for this reconstruction
method is studied in this paper. The boundary measurements of DOT
are grouped into nonoverlapping and overlapping ordered sequence of
subsets with random partition, sequential partition and periodic
partition, respectively. The performance of OS methods is compared
with the standard EM-like reconstruction method with two-dimensional and three-dimensional
numerical experiments. The numerical experiments indicate that
reconstruction of nonoverlapping subsets with periodic partition,
overlapping subsets with periodic partition and standard EM-like
method provide very similar acceptable reconstruction results.
However, reconstruction of nonoverlapping subsets with periodic
partition spends a minimum of time to get proper results.
An inverse problem for a third order PDE arising in high-intensity ultrasound: Global uniqueness and stability by one boundary measurement
Authors: Liu Shitao , Triggiani Roberto
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we consider an inverse problem for the linearized Jordan–Moore–Gibson–Thompson equation, which is a third-order (in time) PDE that arises in nonlinear acoustic waves modeling high-intensity ultrasound. Both canonical recovery problems are investigated: (i) uniqueness and (ii) stability, by use of just one boundary measurement. Our approach relies on the dynamical decomposition of the Jordan–Moore–Gibson–Thompson equation given in [Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 35 (2012), 1896–1929].
Kashmir since 2003
Authors: Staniland Paul
Published: October 2013

Violence in the Kashmir Valley has dramatically declined since 2003, but this has not created a stable political order. India has not succeeded in overcoming the contradiction between its articulated ideals of “normalcy” and its actual policy, which undermines those ideals. This debilitating tension can be found elsewhere in Asia.
Chicano Gang Members in Recovery: The Public Talk of Negotiating Chicano Masculinities
Authors: Flores Edward Orozco , Hondagneu-Sotelo Pierrette
Published: November 2013

Using ethnographic data from Los Angeles, this article examines the ritualized forms of verbal communication used in two Chicano gang recovery programs, Homeboy Industries and Victory Outreach. These two distinctive programs facilitate recovery from gangs through contrasting models of communication anchored in religion and therapeutic rehabilitation. In recovery, ritualized verbal displays subordinate gang masculinity and elevate conventional notions of masculinity. Former gang members use sermons, group therapy, 12-step programs, and personal testimonials to articulate hegemonic ideals of masculinity, such as responsible fatherhood. A critical component of these gang rehabilitation programs rearticulates the meanings of Chicano masculinity to include abstaining from drug use, providing for family members, and engaging in nurturing behavior. Through these verbal rituals, reformed gang masculinity is repositioned as dominant, desirable, and accessible to marginalized Chicano men with past gang affiliations and addictions.

sp.2013.60.4.476_Flores 5476165543001
Pharmacology Review: Caffeine Use in Neonates: Indications, Pharmacokinetics, Clinical Effects, Outcomes
Authors: Dobson Nicole R. , Hunt Carl E.
Published: November 2013

Caffeine is commonly prescribed in the NICU to treat apnea of prematurity. This review is an update based on current knowledge of the mechanisms of action, pharmacologic properties, clinical effects, and safety of caffeine in the neonatal population. Recent studies of caffeine in the neonatal population confirm its efficacy in treating apnea-related symptoms and reveal additional significant benefits with minimal short-term, and no long-term, adverse effects.
Merging Systems: Integrating Home Visitation and the Family-Centered Medical Home
Authors: Tschudy Megan M. , Toomey Sara L. , Cheng Tina L.
Published: November 2013

To improve the health of children and bend the health care cost curve we must integrate the individual and population approaches to health and health care delivery. The 2012 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report Primary Care and Public Health: Exploring Integration to Improve Population Health laid out the continuum for integration of primary care and public health stretching from isolation to merging systems. Integration of the family-centered medical home (FCMH) and home visitation (HV) would promote overall efficiency and effectiveness and help achieve gains in population health through improving the quality of health care delivered, decreasing duplication, reinforcing similar health priorities, decreasing costs, and decreasing health disparities. This paper aims to (1) provide a brief description of the goals and scope of care of the FCMH and HV, (2) outline the need for integration of the FCMH and HV and synergies of integration, (3) apply the IOM’s continuum of integration framework to the FCMH and HV and describe barriers to integration, and (4) use child developmental surveillance and screening as an example of the potential impact of HV-FCMH integration.
Effectiveness of Home Visiting in Improving Child Health and Reducing Child Maltreatment
Authors: Avellar Sarah A. , Supplee Lauren H.
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act established the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program, which provides $1.5 billion to states over 5 years for home visiting program models serving at-risk pregnant women and children from birth to age 5. The act stipulates that 75% of the funds must be used for programs with evidence of effectiveness based on rigorous evaluation research. Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness reviewed the home visiting research literature and provided an assessment of the evidence of effectiveness for program models that serve families with pregnant women and children from birth to age 5.

METHODS:

Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness included a systematic search and screening process, a review of the research quality, and an assessment of program effectiveness. Reviewers rated studies’ capacity to provide unbiased estimates of program impacts and determined whether a program met the Department of Health and Human Services’ criteria for an evidence-based model.

RESULTS:

As of July 2012, 32 models were reviewed, of which 12 met the Department of Health and Human Services criteria. Most of these models were shown to have favorable effects on child development. Other common favorable effects included health care usage and reductions in child maltreatment. Less common were favorable effects on birth outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Home visiting is a promising way to serve families who may be difficult to engage in supportive services. Existing rigorous research indicates that home visiting has the potential for positive results among high-risk families, particularly on health care usage and child development.
Improving the Nurse–Family Partnership in Community Practice
Authors: Olds David , Donelan-McCall Nancy , O’Brien Ruth , MacMillan Harriet , Jack Susan , Jenkins Thomas , Dunlap Wallace P. , O’Fallon Molly , Yost Elly , Thorland Bill , Pinto Francesca , Gasbarro Mariarosa , Baca Pilar , Melnick Alan , Beeber Linda
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND:

Evidence-based preventive interventions are rarely final products. They have reached a stage of development that warrant public investment but require additional research and development to strengthen their effects. The Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP), a program of nurse home visiting, is grounded in findings from replicated randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE:

Evidence-based programs require replication in accordance with the models tested in the original randomized controlled trials in order to achieve impacts comparable to those found in those trials, and yet they must be changed in order to improve their impacts, given that interventions require continuous improvement. This article provides a framework and illustrations of work our team members have developed to address this tension.

METHODS:

Because the NFP is delivered in communities outside of research contexts, we used quantitative and qualitative research to identify challenges with the NFP program model and its implementation, as well as promising approaches for addressing them.

RESULTS:

We describe a framework used to address these issues and illustrate its use in improving nurses’ skills in retaining participants, reducing closely spaced subsequent pregnancies, responding to intimate partner violence, observing and promoting caregivers’ care of their children, addressing parents’ mental health problems, classifying families’ risks and strengths as a guide for program implementation, and collaborating with indigenous health organizations to adapt and evaluate the program for their populations. We identify common challenges encountered in conducting research in practice settings and translating findings from these studies into ongoing program implementation.

CONCLUSIONS:

The conduct of research focused on quality improvement, model improvement, and implementation in NFP practice settings is challenging, but feasible, and holds promise for improving the impact of the NFP.
Limiting Home Visiting Effects: Maternal Depression as a Moderator of Child Maltreatment
Authors: Easterbrooks M. Ann , Bartlett Jessica Dym , Raskin Maryna , Goldberg Jessica , Contreras Mariah M. , Kotake Chie , Chaudhuri Jana H. , Jacobs Francine H.
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE:

To test, with a sample of adolescent mothers (16–20 at childbirth) and their first-born infants/toddlers (average age 1 year), whether the impact of a home visiting (HV) child maltreatment prevention program was moderated by maternal depression.

METHODS:

The study design was a randomized controlled trial of Healthy Families Massachusetts, a statewide child maltreatment prevention program. A total of 707 first-time mothers were randomly assigned to the HV or control group. The HV group received visits from paraprofessional home visitors. Mothers in the control group were referred to other service providers. The outcome variable consisted of state Child Protective Services reports of child abuse and neglect (mother or other person as perpetrator). Maternal depression was assessed by maternal report (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression questionnaire).

RESULTS:

A considerable proportion of families had child maltreatment reports (30% of sample) and maternal depression (38% had clinically significant symptoms). Most maltreatment was neglect. Among control group mothers, reports of maltreatment did not vary according to depressive symptoms. For HV mothers, probability of reports varied with levels of depressive symptoms. Nonsymptomatic HV mothers were less likely to have a child who was reported for maltreatment compared with HV mothers who endorsed clinical levels of depressive symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS:

The prevalence of maternal depressive symptoms in this sample, and the link between depression and child maltreatment prevention program effectiveness, suggest that home visitors be alert to maternal depression. Programs also should be aware of possible surveillance effects related to maternal depression.
Randomized Trial of a Cellular Phone-Enhanced Home Visitation Parenting Intervention
Authors: Carta Judith J. , Lefever Jennifer Burke , Bigelow Kathryn , Borkowski John , Warren Steven F.
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Although home visiting programs have been documented to improve parenting in high-risk families, their effectiveness is diminished when parents disengage from programs. Cellular phones offer an approach to promoting parent engagement and enhancing parenting outcomes. Our objective was to examine whether mothers in a parenting intervention, Planned Activities Training (PAT), or cellular phone-enhanced version (CPAT) of the intervention would demonstrate greater use of parenting strategies after treatment and at 6 months post-treatment compared with a wait-list control (WLC).

METHODS:

A sample of 371 low-income mothers and their 3.5- to 5.5-year-old children were randomly assigned to condition and assessed at pre-test, post-intervention, and 6 months post-intervention. Treatment efficacy was evaluated through observations of mother-child interactions as well as maternal interviews about depression, parenting stress, and child behaviors.

RESULTS:

Mothers receiving PAT and CPAT demonstrated more frequent use of parenting strategies and engaged in more responsive parenting than mothers in the WLC. Mothers receiving CPAT used more PAT parenting strategies than mothers in the other 2 groups and experienced greater reductions in depression and stress. Children of mothers receiving PAT and CPAT demonstrated higher rates of positive engagement, and children of CPAT mothers demonstrated higher levels of adaptive behaviors than children in the WLC. Importantly, changes in parenting, depression, and stress predicted positive child behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS:

PAT and CPAT conditions improved parenting strategies and child engagement and reduced children’s challenging behaviors. The addition of cellular phones to a home visiting program enhanced maternal responsivity and reduced depression and stress.
Enhancing Home Visiting With Mental Health Consultation
Authors: Goodson Barbara Dillon , Mackrain Mary , Perry Deborah F. , O’Brien Kevin , Gwaltney Margaret K.
Published: November 2013

Home visiting programs have been successful in engaging and enrolling families who are at high risk for stress, depression, and substance abuse. However, many of these mothers may not be receiving mental health services because home visitors lack the knowledge and skills to identify mental health or determine how to appropriately address these problems. In response, a growing number of home visiting programs are expanding their capacity by integrating a mental health provider into their ongoing operations. This approach, referred to as early childhood mental health consultation, involves a partnership between a professional consultant with early childhood mental health expertise and home visiting or family support programs, staff, and families. This integrated model holds the promise of promoting parent and child behavioral health by enhancing the capacity of home visitors to identify and appropriately address the unmet mental health needs of children and families. The article highlights efforts under way in several federally funded Linking Actions for Unmet Needs in Children’s Health Project sites where local programs are testing the effectiveness of this model.
Esthetic Considerations for Reconstructing Implant Emergence Profile Using Titanium and Zirconia Custom Implant Abutments: Fifty Case Series Report
Authors: Kutkut Ahmad , Abu-Hammad Osama , Mitchell Richard
Published: October 2013

Titanium and zirconia custom implant abutments are now commonly used for esthetic implant dentistry. Custom implant abutments allow the clinician to improve an implant's emergence profile, to customize cervical margins in accordance with the anatomy of the natural root, and to compensate for poor implant angulation. All of these are essential for optimum esthetic outcomes. Computer-aided design/computer-aided machining (CAD/CAM) technology allows the clinician to design custom implant abutment configurations and create natural-looking superstructures that are in harmony with the adjacent dentition and soft tissue. The CAD/CAM technique provides precise fit, reduces the cost of the procedure, and eliminates dimensional inaccuracies inherent in the conventional waxing and casting technique. The aim of this report is to describe a simplified technique for reconstructing emergence profiles during implant restoration using milled titanium and zirconia custom implant abutments. The results of 50 consecutive cases are reported.