bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology of Stress
Authors: Rosenhagen Nichole
Published: February 2022

Stress is an unavoidable reality for wild animals in captivity. In small bouts, its effects are minimal and can even be beneficial to an animal. However, long term stress is unequivocally detrimental to all species and can affect nearly every part of the body. Recognizing sources of stress and taking steps to mitigate its presence in wildlife rehabilitation facilities can hasten an animal’s recovery and may even improve its overall survivability after release.
Sea Turtle Rehabilitation Success Increases with Body Size and Differs Among Species
Authors: Baker Linda , Edwards Will , Pike David
Published: February 2022

Wildlife rehabilitation can contribute to species conservation by releasing healthy individuals back into the wild and educating the public about threatening processes. Rehabilitation has substantial financial costs, however, and thus it is important to understand the success rates of these potential conservation management actions. We quantified the success rates for 1700 sea turtles admitted to rehabilitation facilities in Florida (USA) between 1986 and 2004. Rehabilitation success was low: 61.5% of turtles died in rehabilitation and only 36.8% were released back into the wild. A further 1.6% of turtles were maintained in captivity permanently due to the severe nature of their injuries. Most mortality occurred early during the rehabilitation process (within a few weeks), and successful rehabilitation often took several months to more than 3 yr. Loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) were most likely to survive rehabilitation, followed by Kemp’s ridleys (Lepidochelys kempii) and green turtles (Chelonia mydas); for all three species, larger individuals had an increased chance of successful rehabilitation. At face value, the low rates of rehabilitated turtles successfully released back into the wild may contribute only modestly to conservation in terms of contributing to population viability. However, many rehabilitation facilities provide important educational experiences that increase public awareness of the threats facing animals and highlight potential conservation solutions. Media coverage highlighting the release of rehabilitated animals further extends the conservation value of these efforts. Wildlife rehabilitation provides important direct benefits that, combined with social benefits, together may justify the expense and difficulty of rehabilitating individual animals.
Formula for Nestling Songbirds (FoNS©): Update and Options for 2018
Authors: Winn Diane , Finke Mark
Published: February 2022

None provided.
Thinking like a Duck: Mallards in the City
Authors: Lewis Anne , Linton April
Published: February 2022

This paper summarizes City Wildlife’s Duck Watch approach to protecting urban mallards and mitigating potential dangers and conflicts in ways that facilitate the ducks’ natural behavior. We emphasize that the least intervention is best, and that analysis and preparation are essential for a smooth escort or rescue.
Urine Trouble! Different Shades of Yellow and How Urinalysis Can Help Our Patients
Authors: Cox Sherri
Published: February 2022

Analyzing urine is an important and inexpensive laboratory test that can be done in a wildlife rehabilitation facility. From basic in–house tests to more in depth analysis assisted by a veterinarian or veterinary technician, urinalysis can tell a lot about what might be happening (or not happening!) with wildlife, including various urinary tract diseases and as an indicator of dehydration. This paper focuses on mammal urinalysis and covers basic physiology, simple diagnostic tests and their interpretation, and possible treatments that may be indicated.
Legal Responsibilities and Restrictions on Veterinarians Working with Wildlife
Authors: Duerr Rebecca , Whittington Julia
Published: February 2022

None provided.
Harnessing the Power of Social Media for Wildlife Rehabilitation
Authors: Nicholson Amanda
Published: February 2022

In today’s digital age, social media plays a significant role in both personal and professional lives. Many wildlife rehabilitation centers and organizations have joined the social media landscape in some way, but still are learning how to navigate in this complex online environment. Learning how to effectively use and harness the power of social media is a valuable tool for connecting and engaging with supporters.
Challenges Lying Ahead of Strategic Governance of Higher Education in Bulgaria in the New Decade (National Map of Higher Education)
Authors: Mileva Iskra
Published: February 2022

The scientific article presents the latest European strategic documents and the latest national decisions related to higher education and science, in the context of the challenges of the decade. A critical analysis of the process of creating a “National Map of Higher Education of the Republic of Bulgaria” was made. Conclusions and recommendations have been formulated for strategic management and specifically for strategic management of higher education, which should be useful for administrative science and management practice
La educación emocional en niños del nivel preescolar: una revisión sistemática.
Authors: Peña Julca María Leonor
Published: February 2022

En estos tiempos de grandes cambios tanto a nivel científico y tecnológico y por ende en el campo educativo, es necesario generar espacios que permitan afrontar temas relacionados con la educación emocional dada su gran relevancia al permitir formar plenamente a los estudiantes desde edades tempranas con respecto al manejo de sus emociones y los ayuden a afrontar el futuro de manera asertiva y tolerante. Por ello, a través de esta investigación se dan a conocer los resultados obtenidos de la revisión de artículos científicos relacionados a la educación emocional. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo describir la situación de la educación emocional en niños del nivel preescolar en diferentes contextos educativos. Para lo cual se tomó en cuenta un rango en el tiempo desde el año 2016 al 2020, observándose pocas investigaciones que tomen en cuenta estudios referentes a niños de este nivel de escolaridad. Mediante este artículo, en un primer momento se presentan diferentes conceptos relacionados con la educación emocional y las variables consideradas para su análisis como conciencia emocional, inteligencia emocional, regulación de las emociones y competencias sociales y emocionales; a través de diferentes puntos de vista y aportes dados por especialistas en esta temática. Por otro lado, se hace una revisión de los programas educativos propuestos para la implementación de la educación emocional en las escuelas atendiendo a las características, necesidades e intereses de los niños de educación preescolar.
Tratamiento del Trastorno límite de la personalidad con antagonistas opioides: buprenorfina, nalmefeno, naloxona y naltrexona en el tratamiento de síntomas disociativos, automutilaciones y conducta suicida
Authors: García María Cecilia
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: El sistema opioide juega un rol importante en la modulación del ánimo, la recompensa y el dolor, encontrándose inestable en personas con Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad. Analizamos la evidencia sobre la eficacia del uso de fármacos que en alguna medida antagonizan a los opioides, en el tratamiento de síntomas disociativos, automutilaciones y conducta suicida de estos pacientes. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la evidencia publicada, utilizando los motores de búsqueda MEDLINE y LILACS para identificar los artículos de interés. Fueron incluidos artículos con diseño experimental u observacional, que divulguen alguna medida de impacto en muestras de pacientes límites con síntomas disociativos, automutilaciones y conducta suicida. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 8 estudios. La evidencia aporta expectativas interesantes sobre posibles líneas de tratamiento del trastorno. El subgrupo que se vio más beneficiado fue el que presentaba analgesia y mayor número de criterios diagnósticos. Conclusión: Se necesitan más estudios de mejor calidad metodológica, en muestras poblacionales más grandes y con control de variables de confusión, que nos permitan realizar una estimación válida para un cálculo de potencia, y así poder arribar a conclusiones más firmes.
Art education on big data and digital platforms base of higher education institutions
Authors: Prykhodko Kseniia , Khil Olena , Pobirchenko Olena , Umrixina Oksana , Kalabska Vera , Bobyr Olha
Published: February 2022

The study aimed to identify Big Data components and the role of the digital platform used for art education. In addition, the aim can be considered a definition of participants' role in the educational process in a broad application of Big Data and digital platforms. In conducting the research, a comprehensive approach was actively used, as well as descriptive methods, qualitative and quantitative ways of monitoring. We used questionnaires to get the necessary information, studied the essential literary sources, collected and analyzed data, and summarized the results. After summarizing the information obtained, it became clear that the Big Data use and digital platforms for art education allowed the transfer of the classical educational process to digital media and created the necessary environment for intellectualizing the educational process. In the future, it is worth considering and searching for options on how to get rid of the gaps in the use of information technology for art education. Relevant issues can be viewed as the problems of security, confidentiality, ethical component, compatibility, data storage, and processing problems, and the acute experienced personnel shortage.
New Aesthetic Characteristics Emerging in the Digital Cinema Era
Authors: Chen Changhai
Published: February 2022

Digital film technology has constantly transformed and enhanced the fundamental aesthetic elements in the traditional aesthetic categories of film aesthetics during its gradual penetration into the film art system, enabling these fundamental aesthetic elements to take on new forms and appearances that enrich the artistic communication of film and mark This is a sign of artistic advancement. The fusion of old and new technologies in synergy with the original film system has also accelerated the development of digital film technology as an aesthetic model, and in adapting to the original film art system, digital film aesthetics has produced aesthetic implications that transcend the original system, in terms of virtual images, spatial and temporal concepts, narrative modes, sound and picture relationships, and movement characters. They all exhibit new aesthetic characteristics that are distinct from traditional film aesthetics in terms of virtual images, spatial and temporal concepts, narrative modes, sound and image relationships, movement characteristics, and interactive methods. When one examines existing discussions on digital cinema in China and globally, it is easy to see that they primarily focus on expanding the audiovisual expression of images and on the study of the expressive power and image effects of digital special effects, while research on expanding film concepts and expanding film aesthetics is superficial, or even nonexistent. From a film aesthetics standpoint from the standpoint of film aesthetics, as digital technology has gradually displaced traditional modes of film production and concepts, audience viewing styles, and human aesthetic concepts, the aesthetics of digital film under the new digital technology can be a new construction in terms of time and space, reality, narrative techniques, virtual reality, and aesthetic acceptance. Based on established film theories and aesthetic notions, this study will seek to develop film aesthetics in the digital era, highlighting the study's uniqueness and systemic character in light of shifting aesthetic categories and the incorporation of new aspects in digital cinema.
Pengolahan Bumbu Pecal Sebagai Stok Bahan Makanan Saat Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Zurairah Masdania , Syarif Abdul Azis , Adam Muhammad , Kusuma Budhi Santri
Published: February 2022

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan stok makanan yang tahan lama sampai 3 minggu di udara bebas dan jika dalam kulkas akan tahan sampai 3 bulan. Jadi pada saat pandemi covid 19 saat ini dimana kita mengurangi kegiatan aktivitas di luar rumah maka bumbu pecal merupakan solusi yang sangat tepat dan berperan untuk kita sediakan sebagai stok campuran nasi. Rumah Tahfidz Khalifah Aulia yang merupakan anak tahfiz penghafal Al Quran yang terdiri dari anak santri yang berumur antara 19-21 tahun. dimana dengan adanya persediaan makanan bumbu pecal sebagai stok tambahan makanan nasi sangat memudahkan dan menguntungkan untuk tetap ada dalam persediaan makanan mereka. Bumbu pecal yang terdiri dari kacang tanah, gula merah dan rempah bawang putih dan kencur sangat baik untuk tubuh. Kandungan bumbu pecal telah lengkap kandungan nutrisinya dimana telah mengandung protein nabati dari kacang tanah, karbohidrat dari gula merah serta kandungan organosulfur dari bawang putih dan mineral dari kencur. Harga bahan yang digunakan untuk pembuatan bumbu pecal juga terbilang sangat murah dan pembuatannya juga sangat mudah namun menghasilkan bahan konsumsi bumbu pecal yang sangat enak dan gurih. Bumbu pecal dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini mengandung 3 rasa yaitu sangat pedas, pedas dan sedang. Bumbu pecal dibuat masing masing rasa sebanyak 3 kg. Dengan membuat bahan pecal 3 kg kacang tanah yang rasa pedas akan menghasilkan 4,5 kg bumbu pecal
Teknologi pembuatan Kompos bagi Petani Desa Tualang Perbaungan untuk perbaikan kualitas tanah dalam budidaya padi
Authors: Sofian Ahmad , Nuraida Nuraida , Hasrizart Iwan
Published: February 2022

Pemerintah telah memperkenalkan berbagai teknologi budidaya padi untuk menjamin ketersediaan pangan. Sejak tahun 1970 petani desa Tualang sudah terbiasa menggunakan varietas unggul, pestisida kimia dan pupuk kimia yang didukung irigasi. Paket teknologi budidaya konvensional ini, khususnya penggunaan pupuk kimia ternyata telah menyebabkan menurunnya kualitas tanah dimana respons terhadap pemupukan menurun yang ditunjukkan dengan sulitnya produksi padi meningkat walaupun dosis pupuk sudah ditambahkan. Hal ini menunjukkan kelelahan tanah yang dicirikan utamanya oleh kandungan bahan organik tanah yang sangat rendah. Salah satu upaya perbaikan kualitas tanah ini dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan bahan organik, khususnya dalam bentuk pupuk organik. Sumber utama bahan baku pupuk organik yang tersedia adalah jerami padi. Untuk memfaatkan jerami padi menjadi pupuk organik dapat digunakan teknologi kompos. Pengenalan teknologi pembuatan kompos kepada petani dan pemanfaatannya dalam budidaya padi telah membantu petani untuk memperbaiki kualitas tanah untuk menjamin keberlanjutan produksi.
Sosialisasi kawasan keselamatan operasi penerbangan pada masyarakat kecamatan beringin kabupaten Deli Serdang
Authors: Amren Hairul , Novalina Susi Diriyanti , Wardani Ivana , Sihombing Panangian Mahadi , Yudha Muhammad , Baskoro Wiratma Sulistyo
Published: February 2022

Desa Aras Kabu Kecamatan Beringin termasuk salah satu Kawasan Keselamatan Operasi Penerbangan (KKOP) karena daerah tersebut terletak kurang dari 6 Km dari Bandar Udara Internasional Kualanamu Deli Serdang. Dengan demikian, masyarakat desa tersebut harus membatasi berbagai aktivitas yang dapat menimbulkan bahaya keselamatan penerbangan sesuai dengan regulasi yang berlaku di Indonesia (UU No. 2009 Tentang Penerbangan). Namun, berdasarkan survei Tim Pengabdian Politeknik Penerbangan Medan masih ditemukan beberapa aktivitas masyarakat yang dapat membahayakan keselamatan penerbagan, seperti bermain layang-layang, membakar sampah dan menerbangkan drone. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan penyadaran kepada masyarakat daerah sekitar. Oleh karena itu, untuk memberikan penyadaran kepada masyarakat maka perlu dilakukan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat agar masyarakat dapat memahami dampak yang dapat ditimbulkan dari kegiatan-kegiatan yang dapat menggangu terhadap aktivitas penerbangan. Politeknik Penerbangan Medan melalui salah satu kegiatan Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi, yaitu kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat telah melakukan sosialisi KKOP di Desa Aras Kabu Kecamatan Beringin Kabupaten Deli Serdang Propinsi Sumaetra Utara. Setalah kegiatan ini dilakukan maka diharapkan terbentuk kesadaran kepada masyarakat terkait peraturan KKOP. Sehingga, hasil kegiatan ini secara tidak langsung diharapkan dapat memperkecil risiko kecelakaan pesawat terbang di kawasan operasi penerbangan
Penyuluhan pemanfaatan pekarangan dengan tanaman obat keluarga dimasa pandemi di desa bakaran batu kecamatan batang kuis Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Authors: Chaniago Erlita , Lubis Aisyah , Hutagaol Dermawan , Hariani Farida , Ani Nurma
Published: February 2022

Dimasa pandemi saat ini umumnya masyarakat enggan untuk berobat ke Rumah Sakit, dengan berbagai macam alasan.  Tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA) menjadi salah satu pilihan masyarakat untuk ditanam di lahan pekarangan, dengan pertimbangan karena dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kesehatan. Tanaman obat dapat dijadikan obat yang aman, tidak mengandung bahan kimia, murah, dan mudah didapat.Gaya hidup kembali ke alam, saat ini semakin meningkat, seiring dengan kesadaran masyararakat terhadap bahaya yang ditimbulkan oleh bahan bahan kimia, baik yang terkandung dalam makanan ataupun obat-obatan. Dampak dari itu penggunaan obat-obat tradisional sudah kembali membudaya di Indonesia.Indonesi sangat kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati, diantaranya berupa ratusan jenis tumbuhan/tanaman obat. Tumbuhan tersebut banyak dimanfaatkan selain untuk penyembuhan dan pencegahan penyakit, juga untuk peningkatan daya tahan tubuh, serta pengembalian kesegaran yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat.Jenis tanaman obat, pada umumnya lebih banyak tumbuh sebagai tanaman liar, akan tetapi pada saat ini tanaman obat banyak ditanam di kebun dan dilahan pekarangan. Oleh karena itu bibit tanaman obat banyak dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat untuk ditanam di lahan pekarangan.Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberikan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang pemanfatan pekarangan dengan tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA) . Metode yang diberikan adalah dengan cara penyuluhan ,diskusi dan bermusyawarah tentang pemanfaatan pekarangan dengan tanaman obat keluarga. Dan kesimpulanya masyarakat paham bagaimana memanfaatkan pekarangan dengan menanam tanaman obat-obatan
Perhitungan waktu baku menggunakan metode Jam Henti pada proses Bottling
Authors: Yudisha Nabila
Published: February 2022

Dalam mengupayakan persaingan pasar industri setiap perusahaan melakukan  peningkatan produktivitas. Terdapat beberapa strategi dalam peningkatan produktivitas, salah satunya Task-Based Productivity Improvement Techniques. Pada proses pengisian bottling yang telah dilakukan secara otomatis, namun operator masih menjadi pengawas kualitas sertas jalannya produksi.  Saat ini operator belum mengetahui dengan pasti berapa waktu yang dibutuhkan setiap pengerjaan pada suatu mesin, oleh karena itu Tujuan penelitian ini membuat perancangan pengukuran waktu kerja dengan metode jam henti yang dibutuhkan dalam proses pengisian bottling. Pada perhitungan waktu baku kita harus menetapkan tingkat kepercayaan dan ketelitian operator terhadap pekerjaan yang dilakukannya.Setelah itu kita melakukan uji keseragaman data, uji kecukupan data, penetapan faktor penyesuaian dan kelonggaran, perhitungan waktu siklus, waktu normal, dan waktu baku. Setelah perhitungan didapatkan waktu siklus, waktu normal dan waktu baku terbesar yaitu pada operasi mesin Bottle washer pada pencucian botol sedangkan waktu siklus, waktu normal dan waktu baku terkecil didapat pada operasi mesin video jet pada pengkodean.
Kompor Portabel briket kulit durian sebagai energi alternatif masa depan
Authors: Siregar Zufri Hasrudy , Siregar San Lilandana , Effendi Andre
Published: February 2022

Secara umum, untuk setiap buah durian secara proporsional terdapat kandungan buah durian sebesar 20-35% dari berat buah, biji 5-15%, dan sisanya merupakan kulit yaitu 60-75%. Sehingga lebih dari 60% produksi buah durian adalah menghasilkan limbah. Untuk tahun 2019 di Sumatera Utara potensi produksi buah durian sebesar 90.105 Ton, tumbuh 8,73 % dari sebelumnya 82.872 ton per tahun (sumber: BPS dan Direktorat Jendral Hortikultura) dengan potensi sampah kulit durian 59.147 Ton sampah kulit durian dimanah kondisi ini diperparah oleh dibuang sembarangannya kulit tersebut dipinggir jalan dan parit/ got, hal ini dapat menjadi salah satu penyebab banjir jalan dan timbulnya penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat teknologi yang bermanfaat sebagai alternatif energi yang berdasarkan kesimpulan yaitu untuk membuat satu kompor portabel briket didapat dengan biaya Rp 405.500. Dari hasil percobaan briket dengan menggunakan kompor portabel waktu pembakaran yang didapat untuk satu briket adalah 2,5 jam Untuk menggunakan kompor dibutuhkan biaya Rp 550.500 sebagai biaya awal untuk penggunaan
Trends in the characteristics of seasonal variation of temperature in the arid and semi-arid region
Authors: JAGANATHAN P.
Published: February 2022

The realisation that the earth as a whole is experiencing a minor climatic fluctuation coupled with the fact that the precise modern science of climatology provides objective means of indicating the extent and intensity of such changes, has in the recent years given considerable impetus to the study of climatic changes.
1-hour rainfall of India for different return periods
Authors: AYYAR P. S. HARIHARA , PRASAD B.
Published: February 2022

Based on the hourly tabulations of rainfall for 99 observatory stations in India equipped with recording raingauges, return period values of 1-hour for 2, 5, 10 and 50 years have been computed and maps prepared.  The maps are presented and the important features of the 1-hour rainfall of India as seen from these maps are discussed.
On the formation of line type angel echo
Authors: KUNDU M. M. , DE A. C.
Published: February 2022

An observation of a line type angel echo ahead of a line type of echo from strong convective clouds has been made by means of an X-band radar set at Agartala Airport. It was detected and kept under observation for about 40 minutes.  The angel echo moved with an apparent horizontal speed of 56 km/hr. The angel echo appeared prior to the arrival of the downdrafts of the thunderstorm.  The possible echo sources have been discussed.
A satellite study of the Orissa cyclonic storm of October 1967
Authors: KULSHRESTHA S. M.
Published: February 2022

A cyclonic storm hit Orissa coast on.9 October 1967. This cyclonic storm, of mall extent, appeared to be quite intense and had many notable features, which are discussed III this paper with the help of the cloud cover photographs obtained from the ESSA.3 satellite.
Some case studies of cirriform clouds over India during the winter period
Authors: SRINIVASAN V.
Published: February 2022

A few cases of extensive formations of upper tropospheric clouds over north and central India during the winter of 1969- 70 were studied utilizing satellite pictures in conjunction with synoptic and upper air charts as well as aircraft reports and hourly observations from airport stations. The ground-observed cloud reports are compared with satellite pictures. The clouds were found to be associated with the jet stream and formed when large amplitude troughs extended into India and neighbourhood. The clouds were also organised in transverse as well as parallel modes; prevailing lapse rates and vertical wind shears have been found to be different in the two modes of organizations.
A study of 6-day mean satellite-derived brightness patterns in relation to upper air circulation features during the 1967 southwest monsoon season
Authors: BEDI H. S. , SIKKA D. R..
Published: February 2022

Six-day brightness patterns as derived by ESSA-5 photography for the 1967 southwest monsoon season are examined in relation to mean upper air circulation features for the same period.  Their association at the time of onset, advance and withdrawal of monsoon has been studied.
Heaviest rainfall ever recorded in relation to its return period
Authors: AYYAR P. S. HARIHARA , TRIPATHI N.
Published: February 2022

For hydrological design purposes, it is not sufficient to take into account only the heaviest rainfall recorded at the place, Instead, the return period of the heaviest rainfall recorded and also the extreme values of rainfall for different return periods should he taken into account. The return period and the probability of occurrence of the heaviest rainfa.11 recorded at selected observatory stations in India have been computed and presented.
On two recent earthquakes in the Deccan
Authors: MUKHERJEE S. M.
Published: February 2022

A macroseismic study of the calamitous Koyna earthquake of 10 December 1967, 22h 51.3m GMT and the Andhra Pradesh earthquake of 13 April 1969 has been made and the results presented in this paper. These disturbances, particularly the former one, possess many special features warranting stud of the various aspects. Further, the microseismic parameters of the Koyna earthquake, such as, the depth o focus, magnitudes etc, as published from different centres are at variance with one another beyond reasonable limits of reconciliation. A fresh examination of the position using different techniques was, therefore, felt necessary.
Harmonic analysis of the mean surface temperature of the northern hemisphere
Authors: RAO G. APPA , RAO V. BRAHMANANDA
Published: February 2022

The mean surface temperatures of the northern hemisphere along the latitude circles for each 5° latitude from equator to 6O0 N have been subjected to harmonic analysis. The amplitudes and phases of the first 15 harmonics are given. The important seasonal changes from January to July are discussed.
Day airglow emissions of 5577 A and 6300 OI lines In Martian atmosphere
Authors: GHOSH S. N. , JAIN S. K.
Published: February 2022

In this paper emissions of 5577 A and 6300 A lines of OI in Martian atmosphere have been investigated. It has been found that for the 5577A line there are two peaks at 90 and 120 km and its total intensity is  about 3.5 kR. For the 6300A line, since the rate of quenching by CO2 molecules is not known, its emission profile is obtained for two values of quenching coefficient, namely, 1 X 10-13 cm3 sec-1 and 1 X 10-12 cm-3 sec-1. It has been found to have a broad peak at 100-.140 km. Its intensity has been found to be 3 and 1 kR for the two values of rate coefficient.
Severe magnetic storms and surface pressure variations
Authors: SASTRI N. S. , PHANSE A. K.
Published: February 2022

Association of surface pressure variation with magnetic activity is studied, using the superposed epoch method. A steady fall in pressure upto about 4 days prior to the day of onset of severe magnetic storm is noticed.
Note on the equivalent barotropic level in the Indian tropical regions
Authors: RAMANATHAN Y.
Published: February 2022

Parameters computed for the winter and summer monsoons from the mean 1963 and 1964 radiosonde data for the International Indian Ocean Expedition period for Indian stations show (i) the equivalent barotropic level appears to be around 400mb in the winter and (ii) no such level seems to exist in the  troposphere during summer monsoon.
Fisher's regression integral versus regression function of selected weather factors in crop-weather analysis
Authors: SREENIVASAN P. S.
Published: February 2022

The paper deals with the relative performance of the two statistical methods, namely, (i) Fisher's regression integral' which brings out the slow continuous change in the response of crop to the weather pattern experienced by the cultivated soil and crop and (ii) regression function in which 'weather pattern' is subjected to continuous screening to yield a few well defined weather periods of significance to the soil and crop. In the case of wheat crop at Jalgaon and Niphad the regression function has given better multiple correlation coefficient than the regression integral. This may be due to the differential response of some of the adjacent phytophases of crop and same the changing soil characteristics to the weather factors. By and large, this inference was found to be true as seen from  the physiological and pedological considerations.
Lunar tides in earth current at Barrow
Authors: REDDY S. JEEV ANANDA
Published: February 2022

The lunar tides in earth current (viz., Telluric current) at Barrow (71° 18'N, 156°47'W) have been studied by using hourly values of N-S and E-W components for the period 1963-1965 and 1961-1962, respectively. The study shows that significant results can be obtained from data for even short periods of Telluric current. Further it has been found that there is good agreement between lunar semi-diurnal oscillations in earth currents (studied by Egedal and Rougerie) and Telluric current (present study).
The measurements of atmospheric electric held at Gulmarg
Authors: KHERA M. K. , RAINA B. N.
Published: February 2022

Atmospheric electric field was measured continuously in fair weather at Gulmarg by Using passive antenna system with and without snow lying on the ground. The results in general appear to-be consistent with the view that conduction current in the morning is increased as a result of change in the sign of convection current. It is shown that the morning rise in potential gradient at Gl1lmarg is a pronounced effect which gets considerably enhanced under the conditions of snow. The measurements during the period of snow can be explained If excess positive charge is assumed to be predent at the station.
Studies on the forecasting of yield by curvilinear technique : Rabi Jowar (Sorghum) at Raichur
Authors: SREENIVASAN P. S. , BANERJEE J. R.
Published: February 2022

Systematic crop and weather observation  twice-a-day (0700 and 1400 hrs local time) on rabi jowar at Rajchur Agro Met, Observatory during 1948-67 have been analysed. The varieties under observations were M 35.1 and PJ -4R and each of 18 weeks in duration. Following Gangopadhyaya and Barker (1963), the analysis of these observations were made to evaluate the curvilinear response of the crop. The present study has confirmed the advantage of applying curvilinear multiple correlation as to the behaviour of the crop in relation to weather as postulated by Gallgopadhyaya and Sarker.
A scheme for multi-level objective analysis of contour heights
Authors: SINGH B. V. , DATTA R. K.
Published: February 2022

The results of experiments performed with a scheme for objective analysis of the contour heights of five levels of the atmosphere are presented here. Whereas objective analysis so far produced in India related to only 500-mb level in this study a scheme has been prepared for the analysis of 850, 700, 500, 300 and 200mb levels simultaneously. The method known as 'successive corrections by weighted averages has been employed. To maintain vertical consistency of analysis, thickness between two layers and the vector wind shear at the reporting stations have bean taken into account. Use of satellite pictures and AIREP messages bas been discussed.
A statistical analysis of the number of tropical storms and depressions in the Bay of Bengal during 1890 to 1969
Authors: RAGHAVENDRA V. K.
Published: February 2022

The frequencies of the storms/depressions that occurred in the Bay of Bengal in the period 1890-1969 have been analysed for the nature of the frequency distribution, for the annual and for the four standard seasons. The decade means for the annual, monsoon and post monsoon seasons have been presented and tested for its differences from the long term average and cycles interpreted. The persistency in the yearly frequencies has been analysed using lag correlations upto 10. The general trend in the series is examined by fitting orthogonal polynomials upto sixth degree. The periodicities in the data series have been detected applying power spectrum analysis technique.
Climatological factors in relation to dryland agriculture
Authors: RAJ D.
Published: February 2022

Detailed statistical studies were made on climatological data pertaining to important dry farming research stations In India, and certain aspects of climate Investigated. Relationships among the climatological parameters were investigated. Rainfall distribution curves pertaining to long periods were examined for identifying regularities in the pattern of distribution, if any.

Number of rainy days and annual rainfall ware closely correlated. Log monthly rainfall and log variability of rainfall were inversely correlated. Rainfall curve patterns indicated that the ascending and descending portions of the rainfall curve were very closely correlated. In the case of Kovilpatti, the magnitude of the ascending portion of the rainfall curve and the span of a sequence were very closely correlated. For Kovilpatti Centre wind velocity was established to be the best parameter for predictiug Piche's evaporation. In the many relationship patterns studied it was interesting to none that a single relationship pattern held good for a number of different places or years, in spite of the fact that the ranges of values for the data studied were quite wide. Thus the study of these data was simplified as a very few relationship patterns were sufficient for prediction purposes.
Areal and point distribution of rainfall associated with depressions/storms on the day of crossing the east coast of India
Authors: DHAR O.N. , MHAISKAR P.R.
Published: February 2022

An attempt has been made to study areal and point distribution of rainfall associated with depressions/storms over the coastal areas 150 miles wide and 150 miles inland; on either Bide of the storm tracks on the day these disturbances cross the east coast of India between Lats. 8"N and 22"N. The east coast has been divided for this study into three broad sections -Tamil Nadu coast (Lat. 8" to 15"N), Andhra coast (Lat. 15" to 19"N) and Orissa coast (Lat. 19" to 22"N). 26 disturbances have been selected which crossed the east coast at or near about 0300 GMT, the synoptic hour at which 24-hour rainfall all over the country is recorded. In the case of Orissa coast, as a test case study has been made of about 20 disturbances which crossed the coast at different synoptic hours and the results obtained from both these cases have been found to be almost similar.
The extreme values analysis of maximum and Minimum temperatures over India
Authors: JAYANTHI S.
Published: February 2022

Using the Fisher-Tippett Type I curve fitted by Liehlein, the extreme values of maximum and minimum temperatures obtained for 150 Indian stations for different return periods are analysed and discussed.
Potential gradient patterns associated with airmass types at Poona
Authors: SEJ.JVAM A. M. , RAMANAMURTY BH. V.
Published: February 2022

The records obtained of the potential gradient at Poona have been examined vis-à-vis   the synoptic charts showing the minimum temperature departure from normal and the wind at 1.5 kill. The study has indicated that the variations noticed in the pattern of the potential gradient could be associated with the variations of the airmass over the region.
Trends and periodicities of rainfall in sub-divisions of Maharashtra State
Authors: RAGHAVENDRA V. K.
Published: February 2022

The Maharashtra State of India is divided into four meteorological sub-divisions, viz., Konkan, Madhya Maharashtra, Marathwada and Vidarbha. Of these, Madhya Maharashtra and Marathwada are prone to droughts. The principal rainy season is the monsoon season of June to September when over 80 per cent of the annual rainfall is received. The coefficient of variation is about 20 per cent for the annual and monsoon rainfall except in Marathwada where it is 25 per cent. The annual and monsoon rainfalls follow the normal distribution for their yearly frequencies. In this region the annual and the monsoon rainfall series are highly correlated. In the loss drought prone sub-division of Konkan, the annual and monsoon rainfalls show a 100 year cycle. In all the sub-divisions the successive years' rainfalls are not dependent. The trend as revealed by fitting of orthogonal polynomials is shown as a quadratic curve for the annual and monsoon rainfalls of Konkan and Madhya, Maharashtra, the sub-divisions on either side of the Western Ghats. The low pass filter and Mann-Kendall test against randomness confirmed the trend in Konkan rainfall. The power spectral analysis of the data indicates the existence of long term trend for monsoon rainfall of Konkan, 60 year cycle for the annual rainfall of Konkan and Madhya Maharashtra, 30.year cycle for the annual and monsoon rainfall or Vidarbha, 20-year cycle for the monsoon rainfall of Marathwada, 15-year cycle for the monsoon rainfall of Madhya Maharashtra, 7.5-year cycle for the annual and monsoon rainfall of Marathwada.
A study of hourly rainfall distribution around monsoon depression centre in central India
Authors: VENKATARAMAN K. S. , CHOWDHURY A. , BANERJEE A. K.
Published: February 2022

Average distribution of rainfall around the centre of monsoon depression in separate intervals of six hours in central India is presented and discussed in this paper.

It is observed that the area around the first 100 km of the depression centre is generally free from intense rainfall activities. Heavy rainfall belt is mostly confined to the left forward quadrants of the depression field. Rainfall is almost widespread in these quadrants in the third and fourth six-hour intervals, reckoned with 03 GMT. Hourly intensities of rainfall greater than 50 mm/hr are, however, more frequent during the first 6-hr interval.
Dynamical abnormalities associated with drought in the Asiatic summer monsoon
Authors: KESHAVAMURTY R. N. , AWADE S. T.
Published: February 2022

In recent years 1965 and 1972 have been years of severe drought over India and neighbourhood. The dynamical and thermal features of these seasons are contrasted with those of normal monsoon, The main local abnormality during drought years is the shift of the monsoon trough northwards and development or anti-cyclones over central India in the lower troposphere. The main abnormality in the thermal field is that temperatures are considerably below normal over southern parts of USSR. Iran. Afghanistan and north India.

Quasi-geostrophic 'w' is used to delineate the vertical circulations. It is seen that the north-south circulation and associated energy conversion is weaker and the east-west circulation more marked during breaks. A model of the vertical circulations during drought periods is suggested.

The intensity phase movement and vertical and horizontal tilts of the different wave number in the mid-latitudes during drought and in the preceding months is contrasted with the normal, In 1972 wave Nos, 5.9 were abnormally pronounced and showed some dynamical differences.
Simulation of convection currents set up by jets and plumes in fluids of varying stratification
Authors: GUPTA B. K. SEN
Published: February 2022

Tollmien's analysis for velocity and cone angle of jets bas been briefly examined. The jet dispersion was observed in a glass tank filled with water and/or brine. The angle of the cone of dispersion was observed to be the same what ever was the variation in stratification and density.

For observation of plumes, experiments were also carried out in the extended glass tank filled first with water and then with salt solution stratified in density layers. Isolated volumes of concentrated salt solution, suitably coloured with dye, were released from rest from above, and the dispersion was observed and photographically recorded.

The main discovery concerning u stratified fluid was that the cone of the plume (before it dispersed horizontally) tended to make a narrower 'neck', as in contrast with plume dispersion in an unstratified fluid.

As in the case of an unstratified fluid, the dimensional analysis equations (Bee Scorer, Richalds, etc) were approximately obeyed initially, except that the values of the constant parameters {e.g., n, C, etc.) were found to be different. A short note is included in this paper on bubble dynamics as was studied originally by Taylor.
Wind field in the lower and middle troposphere over the Arabian Sea during the southwest monsoon 1973
Authors: JAMBUNATHAN R. , RAMAMURTHY K.
Published: February 2022

Utilising the MONEX  (Monsoon Experiment) data 1973, the wind field over the Arabian Sea in the lower and middle troposphere during two epochs, one of active and one of weak monsoon over the Indian Peninsula and the central parts of the country, was analysed and the results are presented in this paper. The study shows that the low level westerlies attain a mean maximum velocity of 50 to 55 kt over the west central Arabian Sea both in active and weak monsoon, the level of the maximum wind being at about 900 mb in active monsoon and 950 mb in weak monsoon. But in east Arabian Sea, the westerlies weaken considerably during weak monsoon. The slope and other features associated with the low level westerly maximum are also discussed.
Generalized relationship between maximum rain depth, Area and return period for major rainstorms
Authors: DHAR O. N. , RAKHECHA P.
Published: February 2022

A generalised relationship between  maximum rain depth area and return period has been determined using Karoly and Alexander technique, For this purpose major rainstorms which affected Bihar region during the 65-year period from 1897 to 1961 were analysed and their depth-area-duration data utilized. The 3-day relationship has been found to be of the form d=-2. 76IogAlogT-4. 081og A+16. 03 logT+23.73. Based on this relationship a nomogram has been prepared with the help of which maximum 3-day rain depths can be obtained for different areas and return periods. Conversion factors have also been worked out for obtaining maximum ram depths for one and two-day durations for different areas end return periods.
Effect of radiation on human comfort
Authors: PHILIP N. M. , REDDY S. JEEVANANDA
Published: February 2022

An. attempt has been made 'to study the influence of radiation on human comfort in India. It is known that the major weather elements which control human comfort are temperature of air, relative humidity and air movement. In a broad sense, temperature and humidity are related to radiation intensity. Discomfort indices for various cities in India have been worked out using a new formula as a function of radiation intensity. The results obtained by this method are found to be in good agreement with those obtained by other workers except for monsoon months, where they deviate much from the reality due to the inherent defect these methods suffer.

Using the discomfort index formula suggested, 'discomfort indices' maps are prepared employing uniform data of 70 stations widely distributed throughout India, for the different months, seasons and the annual.
Effective pollution potential over ten Indian stations
Authors: REDDY S. JEEVANANDA
Published: February 2022

An effective pollution potential index is suggested as a measure of air pollution. Effective pollution potential indices for ten selected stations in India are obtained for each month, season and year. It is concluded that high pollution potential exists over the stations in different months, which necessitates taking precautionary measures.
Direction of faulting in the Great Assam Earthquake of 15 August 1950
Authors: TANDON A.N.
Published: February 2022

Using  Byerly's  method  as modified   by  Hodgson and Milne  the direotion of faulting in the case of the Great Assam Earthquake of August 1950 has been  calculated . The results show that the  displacement  took plaoe in a normal fault striking East, West and dipping to the North at an angle of 75°, the hanging  wall side moving down and slightly West with respect to the  footwall side.
Radar observations of a thunderstorm
Authors: MITRA H.
Published: February 2022

The paper describes the results of a study of a winter thunderstorm which occurred at New Delhi between 2150 IST of the 14th and 0030 1ST of 15 January 1953 due to the passage of a western disturbance. The radar echoes as seen on the scope of a 3-cm'AN/APQ-13 set have been explained with the help of the available surface and upper air data. The mechanism of formation and decay of the main thunder storm cell and its associated secondaries have been described with the help of radar photographs taken at short intervals.
Climatic changes in India – (III) pressure
Authors: PRAMANIK S.K. , JAGANNATHAN P.
Published: February 2022

The authors (1951,1954) have studied the changes in raiinfall and temperature in India and the present  note consists of a similar study regarding pressure.
Some aspects of monsoon rainfall in India
Authors: SIRCAR N.C. RAI
Published: February 2022

In this note, the day-today rainfall during the monsoon season in four small areas of 50 miles radius round about Calcutta, Delhi, Tiruchirapalh and Bangalore has been studied with a view to finding out what percentage of the monsoon rainfall occurs on what percentage of the days with precipitation in each of these areas. It is observed that although these areas fall within different rainfall regimes, the percentages of days with rain that account for a particular fraction of the total rainfall in these areas are nearly equal. A study has also been made of the rainfall over these areas during the monsoon season, associated with synoptic disturbances. It is found that the percentages of the disturbances which cause the same fraction of the total rainfall derived from such disturbances do not also differ appreciably from one area to another.
The speed and some other features of the sea-breeze Front at Madras
Authors: RAO D. VENKATESWARA
Published: February 2022

The speed with which the sea breeze advances inland at Madras under various meteorological conditions and Its dependence on the time of onset and depth of penetration are discussed in this paper, utilising the records for the year 1945 and 1946 of autographic instruments at three stations located at different distances from the coast. A velocity of 10-15 mph, a south southeasterly direction of the resultant wind, the months April to September and a time of onset during the early afternoon are favoured most by the sea breeze at Madras. The average speed of the sea- breeze front is found to be 37 mph. It is accelerated with depth of penetration inland independently of the wind speed. It varies with the hour of onset of the sea-breeze, being lowest during the epoch of maximum temperature. The variation of the ratio of the speed inland to that near the coast with time of onset and direction of the on-shore wind is investigated. The results are explained on t he basis of the temperature gradient and its variation with distance inland. The mean temperature drop and vapour pressure rise caused by the sea-breeze for different times of incidence and magnitudes of wind velocity in the various months have also been studied. The changes are maximum in the proximity of the epoch of maximum temperature and in the month of July in the year. The results of this study would help in anticipating with sufficient accuracy and sufficiently in advance for aviation needs the time of onset of the sea-breeze and the accompanying meteorological changes at the airfield at Meenambakkam given the time of incidence and the direction of the on shore wind earlier at a point closer to the coast.
The very long lived M-Regions near the Sunspot Minimum of 1933
Authors: NAQVI ALI M , TANDON J. N.
Published: February 2022

The geomagnetic activity during the years 1930-34 has been analysed, and the earlier conclusions of Naqviand Bhargava for the geomagnetic activity during 1950-53 are confirmed, Three very long sequences of the recurrent type of geomagnetic activity designated as A; B and C have been found.
The difference in the heliographic longitudes of the M -regions responsible for the A and the B sequences is about 1800, for the B and C sequences about 45°, and for the C and the A sequences about 135°, Their respective heliographic latitudes are; above 7°.2 north, below 7°,2 south, and about 4°"8 south respectively.