bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of SAR-CoV-2 detection using RT-PCR based testing from a nasopharyngeal swab versus indwelling tracheostomy in patients with a tracheostomy
Authors: Jiraboonsri Sunicha , Wright Nida
Published: May 2024

Background Nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR is the standard procedure for COVID-19 testing. In patients with tracheostomy with an altered airway that bypasses the nasopharynx, the yield of samples from different sites is unknown. This information will be essential for formulating a sample collection method for COVID-19 RT-PCR testing in patients undergoing tracheostomy. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Nasopharyngeal swabs and tracheal secretion (via closed-circuit secretion suction) samples were collected from 100 patients with a non-plugging tracheostomy tube at Thammasat University Hospital, Pathum Thani, Thailand. The participants were aged between 1-96 years old for screening purposes during the pandemic. The detection results and cycle threshold (Ct) values from each site were analyzed using McNemar’s test with a 95% confidence interval. Results Four participants had positive results. One patient tested positive only for the nasopharyngeal swab, whereas the other tested positive only for the tracheal secretion sample. No statistically significant difference was found between the discordant and concordant groups (P = 1). Conclusions We found two discordant results among the four positive cases in the 100 patients. One patient tested positive only from the nasopharyngeal swab, whereas the other tested positive only from the tracheal sample. The percentage of agreement was 98, and the kappa coefficient value was 65.64% (p <0.001). According to these results, one sample from the nasopharynx or tracheal tube should be sufficient to determine the infection status of low-risk patients. For highly suspicious cases, multisite sampling should be performed. This study showed discordance in COVID-19 RT-PCR screening results using samples from nasopharyngeal swabs and tracheal secretions in tracheotomized patients. A multiple-site sample is suggested for highly suspicious patients with tracheostomy.
The effects of multifactorial pharmacist-led intervention protocol on medication optimisation and adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomised control trial
Authors: El-Deyarbi Marwan , Ahmed Luai , King Jeffrey , Abubackar Syed , Al Juboori Ahmed , Mansour Nirmin A. , Aburuz Salahdein
Published: May 2024

Background Patient-related factors and limited medication adherence in patients with chronic diseases, are associated with poor clinical outcomes, long-term complications, and increased overall disease costs. Many methods have been tested with mixed results, and innovative approaches are needed to encourage patients to adhere to their prescribed drug regimens. Methods This randomised controlled trial examined a new multifactorial pharmacist-led intervention protocol (MPIP), including a medication therapy management (MTM) program with face-to-face counselling, patient-specific medication booklets, and a mobile application, from July 2021 to September 2022 in the Oud Al Touba diagnostic and screening ambulatory centre in 192 patients with type 2 diabetes in the United Arab Emirates. Medication adherence was assessed using the fixed medication possession ratio of medication refills and the medication adherence questionnaire. Results At 12 months follow-up, participants in the MPIP showed significant improvement in overall medication adherence with total (composite) medication possession ratio (MPRt) of mean (±SD) 0.95 (±0.09) compared to 0.92 (± 0.09) in the control group with mean difference of 0.03 (95%, CI 0.01–0.06), P =0.02. In addition, improvement trend was evident in the MPIP group for all medication regimens with P value <0.01. Comparable results were noticeable in adherence questionnaire scores at the end of the study, with 66 participants in the intervention group scored zero on the questionnaire, suggesting high adherence to medication compared to the control group (48 participants only). The MTM program performed 41 clinical interventions on drug-related problems, compared to six interventions in the control group, and the use of mobile application and medication booklet have increased to 45.7% compared to 21.4% before study exit. Conclusions The pharmacy intervention protocol effectively improved medication adherence and optimised medication regimens in diabetic patients with chronic medication regimens in an ambulatory healthcare centre.
Factors associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among hospitalized children in Thammasat University Hospital
Authors: Bunjoungmanee Pornumpa , Sompoch Samita , Tangsathapornpong Auchara , Kulalert Prapasri
Published: May 2024

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most significant respiratory pathogens that causes acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) early in life. Most children have a history of RSV infection within 24 months of age, and recurrent infections are common throughout life. Methods Children under five years of age were identified through a review of medical records with a diagnosis of RSV-LRTI between 2016 and 2020. Severe RSV-LRTI was defined as a prolonged length of stay (> 7 days), admission to the intensive care unit, need for mechanical ventilation, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, or in-hospital mortality. Factors associated with severe RSV-LRTI were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results During the study period, 620 patients were diagnosed with RSV-LRTI and 249 (40.16%) patients had severe RSV-LRTI. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the factors for severe RSV-LRTI were being under 3 months (aOR 2.18 CI 1.39-3.43, p0.001), cardiovascular disease (aOR 3.55 CI 1.56-8.06, p0.002), gastrointestinal disease (aOR 5.91 CI 1.90-18.46, p0.002), genetic disease (aOR 7.33 CI 1.43-37.54, p0.017), and pulmonary disease (aOR 9.50, CI 4.56-19.80, p<0.001). Additionally, the presence of ≥ 2 co-morbidities (aOR 6.23 CI 2.81-14.81, p<0.016), experiencing illness for more than 5 days (aOR 3.33 CI 2.19-5.06, p<0.001), co-detection of influenza (aOR 8.62 CI 1.49-38.21, p0.015), and nosocomial RSV infection (aOR 9.13 CI 1.98-41.30, p0.012), markedly increased the risk of severe RSV-LTRI. The severe RSV-LRTI group demonstrated higher hospitalization expenses (median, US $720.77 vs $278.00, respectively; p<0.001), and three infants died in-hospital. Conclusion Children at high risk for RSV-LRTI due to underlying genetic and gastrointestinal diseases are at an increased risk for severe RSV-LRTI. Further studies to determine the cost-effectiveness of RSV immunization in these potential co-morbidities should be initiated to prioritize RSV immunization, especially in resource-constrained regions with limited availability of nirsevimab.
Cultural intelligence and acculturation among non-native Arabic learners: the impact of ‎learning apps
Authors: Abu-Qtaish Huda
Published: May 2024

Background Learning apps can be helpful to non-native language learners in learning Arabic, which includes speaking, writing, and speaking exercises. When learners become better in the language, they become more confident in interacting with the community, thus affecting their Cultural Intelligence (CQ) and Acculturation (AC). This study aimed to explore the relationship between the CQ and AC among non-native learners of Arabic. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate the potential impacts of learning apps and gender. Methods This study used a correlational approach, involving a sample of 102 non-native Arabic language learners in Jordan. To assess these factors, this study used the Cultural Intelligence Scale and the Acculturation Survey. Results The findings of this study revealed a positive correlation between the CQ and AC. Furthermore, the use of apps can provide CQ and AC levels. In addition, the study determined that gender did not play a significant role in influencing learners. Conclusion the utilization of educational apps has been shown to enhance both CQ and AC. Thus, it is imperative to encourage learners to engage with these apps, as they foster cultural awareness, thereby facilitating the process of learning Arabic.
A study of clinical profile in patients of cataracts with pseudoexfoliation in rural populations of central India
Authors: Pawar Yuga , Thool Dr. Archana
Published: May 2024

Background Ophthalmologists deal with daily pseudoexfoliation (PXF) due to severe secondary glaucoma, which arises after cataract surgery. Cataracts with pseudoexfoliation are age-related and are associated with open-angle glaucoma. Therefore, pseudoexfoliation is expected to occur more frequently. Pseudoexfoliation is occasionally associated with the development of thick nuclear cataracts, which may make surgery challenging. risks of cataract extraction in patients with pseudoexfoliation include zonular weakness and inadequate pupillary dilation. This may cause vitreous loss, and intraoperative or postoperative lens displacement. It could also lead to a rise in postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), progressing to long-term inflammation, phimosis of the capsular tissue, glaucoma, and surgical corneal decompensation. Recurrent secondary cataracts are typically caused by some remaining cortical tissue and decreased zonular support, which may lead to lens epithelial cell migration. Surgery for glaucoma and cataracts is complicated by the presence of pseudoexfoliative debris. Objectives To determine the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation in cataract patients visiting the ophthalmic OPD, AVBRH hospital, to locate patients with pseudoexfoliative cataracts, to evaluate their likelihood of progressing to open-angle glaucoma, and to examine the various ocular characteristics of these patients. Methodology The study participants will undergo ophthalmological examination after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This examination will include sac syringing on the lacrimal gland, estimation of the highest corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, application tonometer assessment of intraocular pressure (IOP), and fundus examination using an indirect ophthalmoscope. All individuals with cataracts visiting the ophthalmology department of AVBRH will be examined under a slit-lamp to determine the presence of pseudoexfoliation in the operating eye. Expected Results Hospital statistics from India indicated that the percentage of patients with pseudoexfoliation, in addition to cataracts, ranges from 1.87% to 13.5%.
Deep geological disposal of plastic waste: Pros and cons
Authors: Minasyan Hayk
Published: May 2024

Plastic production is growing, plastic waste is accumulating, and current waste management methods (recycling, incineration, etc.) are not yet able to solve this waste problem. Proposals and projects aimed at solving or facilitating the problem of plastic waste are therefore relevant. This article proposes a deep geological disposal method for plastic waste projects. The prototype for this project was the deep geological disposal of nuclear waste. Although plastic waste and nuclear waste are fundamentally different, the adequacy of this approach is justified by the fact that plastic waste, such as nuclear waste, has a a long degradation period and poses great danger to the environment, animals, and humans. The article is conceptual and examines the aspects necessary for the implementation of the project, such as the establishment of a special international UN agency for plastic waste management, specific sources of funding, giving plastic waste a monetary value, applying free market principles, and using existing potential opportunities for deep geological disposal of plastic waste. This article also discusses the proposed concept for finding more optimal options.
Clinical Outcomes of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Hybrid Prosthesis in All-on-Four Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Boukhris Hanen , Hajjami Hayet , Ben youssef Souha
Published: May 2024

Background The “all-on-four” concept represents a significant advancement in dental implantology. particularly beneficial in cases of extensive jaw bone loss where invasive bone regeneration procedures are typically required. However, the successful implementation of this technique necessitates meticulous planning concerning implant selection, materials, and prosthesis design. The recent introduction of PEEK (Polyetheretherketone) in dentistry, especially in all-on-four prosthetics, prompts questions regarding its clinical efficacy and comparative biomechanical and biological advantages over conventional materials such as titanium and zirconia. While some studies have compared PEEK with other materials, systematic reviews evaluating its efficacy are scarce. This systematic review protocol intends to assess the evidence regarding the viability of PEEK as a potential alternative within the all-on-four approach in dental implantology. Methods This systematic review protocol will adhere to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions and align with the Methodological Expectations of the Cochrane Intervention Reviews (MECIR) guidelines. Utilizing a comprehensive search strategy, multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and registries of clinical trials, will be explored. The search aims to identify randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies investigating the application of PEEK in the all-on-four approach for dental procedures. Emphasizing clinically relevant outcomes such as implant survival, prosthesis success, peri-implant complications, and patient satisfaction, this review aims to provide insights into the effectiveness and potential benefits of using PEEK in all-on-four prosthetics. Non-randomized studies will be assessed for bias using ROBINS-I, while randomized controlled trials will undergo evaluation with the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool, ROB II. Discussion The outcomes derived from this systematic review hold great significance for dental practitioners exploring the all-on-four concept. Understanding PEEK’s advantages and limitations compared to titanium and zirconia facilitates tailored treatment plans, enhancing success and satisfaction, ultimately improving dental care quality. Systematic review registration PROSPERO: CRD42024531175 (Registered on 13/04/2024).
Considering the development of organic farming in Poland at different territorial aggregation levels
Authors: Antczak Elżbieta
Published: May 2024

The aim of this paper is to show and assess how the level of data aggregation can change the way the development of organic agriculture in Poland in 2014–2021 is perceived. A composite indicator of eco-farming at different levels of territorial aggregation and in different time horizons has been built taking into account sub-components and individual indicators. The performance of organic agriculture with the initial effects of the pandemic (for 2020–2021) was also quantified. The results showed that, in populationally larger territorial units (NUTS-1, NUTS-2, NUTS-3), organic farming characteristics are less variable, whereas the same characteristics show greater variability in smaller territorial units (LAU-1, LAU-2). This reflects the strong regional character of eco-agriculture. It can be observed especially in northern and south-eastern Poland. Moreover, although the highest performance of organic farming was observed in 2021, the effects of the pandemic crisis were highly heterogeneous by location. The results may be crucial for farmers and policymakers in planning sustainable agricultural strategies and building resilient organic regions.
Folliculitis Decalvans: A Review of Current Treatment Modalities
Authors: Krzesłowska Wiktoria Julia , Szewczyk Kamila , Pytel Paulina , Szewczyk Bartłomiej , Wiśniewski Szymon , Hołownia Weronika
Published: May 2024

Background: Folliculitis decalvans (FD) is a rare subtype of neutrophilic cicatricial alopecia, firstly described by Quinquad in 1888, as inflammatory scalp disease usually affecting young adults. The exact etiopathology of the disease is not fully understood, however the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, dysfunction of the host’s immune response, genetic factors, previous trauma of the scalp, as well as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor inhibitors (EGFRi) use seem to play a role. Clinically, FD presents with scarring alopecic patches with follicular pustules, crusts and tufted hair. Objectives: As the full etiology of the disease is unknown and most data in the literature is based on retrospective date, therapeutic management is not precisely established. The objective of this review is to describe therapeutic options,  as well as highlighting potential new therapeutic modalities reported in the literature. Limitations: Because FD is a rare disease, the main limitation is lack of randomized control trials, evaluating therapeutic modalities. Methods: An exhaustive search of references related to FD  published in PubMed between 2017 and 2024 was undertaken, using the search term: "folliculitis decalvans".  Articles with large patient cohorts and reviews were included, as well as case reports and case series, that reported novel treatment approaches for FD.Conclusions: The management of FD poses a challenge. Systemic antibiotics, particularly rifampicin and clindamycin, are considered the first-line agents and are commonly used in combination with local therapies. Systemic isotretinoin yields sustained remission in some cases, while biological agents exhibit promise in managing severe FD. Novel therapeutic modalities, incorporating, among others, botulinum toxin A injections, Platelet-Rich-Plasma (PRP), or surgical procedures, necessitate randomized double-blind trials to evaluate their safety and efficacy.
The dark side of herbal medicine - risks of Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) consumption
Authors: Burda Katarzyna , Czarnecka Karolina , Łopacińska Olga , Stańczyk Katarzyna , Korn Aleksandra , Wójcik Emilia , Korczak Anna , Jędrzejczyk Justyna , Szewczyk Oliwia , Olek Ewa
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Herbal medicine has been growing in popularity over the last few years. One of the most often used herbal remedy is Withania somnifera, more widely known as Ashwagandha Now known for its anti-stress, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-anxiety properties it ranks as a cure-all. However, there is a rising amount of alarming reports regarding its safety.
It has been observed that its effects are not always beneficial, and for some patients the risks of taking it may be greater than the promoted benefits. 
Aim of study: The aim of this paper is to evaluate possible risks connected to Withania Somnifera consumption based on available research articles and case reports. 
Materials and methods: This article is based on the literature found in the PubMed Database from the period of 2004-2024 with the use of keywords such as “Ashwagandha”; “Withania Somnifera”, “herbal medicine”;”complementary medicine”;“liver injury”; “thyrotoxicosis”; “adrenal insufficiency”;”autoimmune diseases”.
Results: The outcomes of all the reviewed studies in this paper indicate that Withania Somnifera might cause a wide range of side effects. They include herb induced liver injury, endocrine complications such as thyrotoxicosis and adrenal insufficiency, acute graft rejection in a kidney transplant recipient and possible contribution to the onset of new autoimmune disease in patient with the history of autoimmune disorders. 
Conclusion: Further long-term research is needed on the Ashwaghanda’s benefits but particularly on its safety and potential side effects. The common education on the risks of taking herbal supplements should be carried out among health professionals and the rest of the society. Ashwagandha should not be used by patients with liver, endocrine and autoimmune disorders as well as transplant recipients.
A Role of Physical Activity in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis – a literature review
Authors: Staniszewska Izabela
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic multisystem disease. The condition is characterized by extensive vascular dysfunction and progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. The musculoskeletal, cardiac, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems are involved, resulting in a broad range of symptoms. Diagnosis is based on skin and/or internal organ fibrosis, production of specific autoantibodies, and evidence of vasculopathy
Purpose of work: Synthesis of knowledge about physical activity in patients with SSc.
Summary: Exercise and physiotherapy can improve the physical functions of patients with SSc. Physical activity in patients with SSc enhances hand function, enhances the function of the orofacial region, enhances sexual function, and also aids in coping with Raynaund's phenomenon, enhances physical capacity, alleviates fatigue as well and enhances general physical capacity. Furthermore, regular physical activity impeded the natural progression of progressive impairment of functional ability. Although, the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of exercise in patients with SSc is further insufficient.
Long-term Effects of Iron Deficiency in Early Infancy on Neurodevelopment
Authors: Korczak Anna , Wójcik Emilia , Olek Ewa , Łopacińska Olga , Stańczyk Katarzyna , Korn Aleksandra , Jędrzejczyk Justyna , Szewczyk Oliwia , Burda Katarzyna , Czarnecka Karolina
Published: May 2024

Introduction and  Purpose: Iron deficiency alongside anaemia is one of the most significant global health concerns with potentially long-lasting implications on child development and health outcomes. The period of infancy represents a crucial phase of central nervous system maturation, rendering infants particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of iron deficiency. It is therefore crucial to pay close attention to this issue.  The aim of this review is to elucidate the neurological implications of iron deficiency in infancy and emphasize the necessity of implementing preventive strategies to safeguard child development.
State  of  Knowledge: Iron deficiency in infancy can result in impairments of brain development. Extensive research highlights the influence of this micronutrient on various physiological processes, including the synthesis of neurotransmitters, neuronal metabolism, myelination, synaptogenesis and gene expression. Furthermore, iron deficiency during infancy is associated with adverse developmental outcomes, including cognitive, motor, and socioemotional deficits. Long-term follow-up studies have elucidated the enduring neurological consequences of iron deficiency in infancy, with effects extending into childhood and beyond.
Summary: Given that the changes that occur during the infantile period are often irreversible and have long-lasting implications for future development, it is of the utmost importance to prioritize prevention strategies.
Dual Role and Product Featuring Strategy of Digital Platform
Authors: Wang Ruitong , Qiu Ye
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the ramification of the platform’s dual role on its featuring strategy, sellers’ pricing strategies, and consumer welfare.
Live Fuel Moisture Contents of Dominant Tree Species of Tropical Thorn Forest, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Izayas Johnson-Evitex , Udayakumar Muthulingam
Published: May 2024

A study was conducted for one year to record live fuel moisture contents (LFMC) of dominant tree species of tropical thorn forest ecosystem in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. Standard methods and protocols were followed for the sample collection, processes and analyses. The mean live fuel moisture values showed that all the dominant tree species of the tropical thorn forests possess high fire behaviour (LFMC values ranged from 101% to 125%). The LFMC had relationships with environmental factors (rainfall, temperature, humidity, rainy days, hours of sunlight availability). The tree species had the uppermost LFMC in the wettest month and the lowermost in the peak summer. The needs for further studies has been emphasized.
DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL E A ENGENHARIA: O CONTEXTO DA TRANSPOSIÇÃO DO RIO SÃO FRANCISCO
Authors: Cassimiro Cordeiro dos Santos Bisneto  , Lilian Quelle Santos de Queiroz
Published: May 2024

O Projeto de Transposição do Rio São Francisco, tem como objetivo captar água em dois pontos do rio e levá-la ao semiárido brasileiro para prover água às populações dessa região. Esta proposta de estudo se justifica pelo desejo de compreender o que é a transposição, bem como as transformações provocadas por ela. Para delimitar esta pesquisa bibliográfica qualitativa, explorou-se vários artigos científicos, teses, dissertações, livros e projetos, que possibilitaram sapiência acerca do tema.
Non-traumatic Simultaneous Bilateral Femur Neck Fracture in a Young Female Unraveling End-Stage Renal Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors:   School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan,, Ramadan Raghad , Alkhatib Amro ,   School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan,, Diab A. Y. ,   School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan,, Abdallah Amr ,   School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan,, AlZoubi Mohammad ,   School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan,, Elifranji Zuhdi O. ,   Department of Special Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Spontaneous femur neck fracture is rare, especially when they occur bilaterally. Renal osteodystrophy is among the causes of these fractures that should be kept in mind. We report a case of a young female who presented with bilateral hip pain and was found to have bilateral femur neck fracture due to renal osteodystrophy. This was the first presentation of an undiagnosed end-stage kidney disease. This case report aims to highlight the importance of investigating the cause of these rare fractures in young patients and discuss available surgical options. Case Report: A 19-year-old female presented complaining of bilateral hip pain. On physical examination, there was tenderness on palpation of both thighs. Her workup was significant for anemia, a high level of creatinine, hypocalcemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone. A pelvis radiograph showed bilateral femur neck fracture. Considering her very young age, the metabolic derangements she had and to avoid exposing her to a major surgery, we treated her fractures by fixation using three cannulated screws on each side. We aimed to report this case as it is an unusual presentation of a previously undetected stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a very young patient. Conclusion: Renal osteodystrophy due to CKD can present with spontaneous bilateral femur neck fracture. Physicians should have a high index of suspicion for this condition not to miss a chronic disease with multiple sequelae. Furthermore, these fractures carry a high risk of complications and mortality, so they should be addressed promptly. Keywords: Renal osteodystrophy, chronic kidney failure, bilateral femur neck fracture.
External Rotation of the Shoulder against Resistance as a Clinical Sign to Aid in the Diagnosis of Acromioclavicular Injury
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Virgin James , Robertson Thomas ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Nimon Gavin ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries account for more than 40% of all sports-related shoulder injuries. Early and effective diagnosis is crucial with surgical intervention favored over non-operative management in high-grade injury. At present diagnosis is primarily by plain radiography with a clear lack of good clinical examination techniques. This study aims to describe external rotation against resistance (ERAR) as a means of ACJ injury assessment. Case Report: This case report describes three patients who presented to a local tertiary hospital with sporting injuries. In all cases, plain radiography demonstrated ACJ injury. Patients performed ERAR with the elbow by the side and flexed to 90° to assess for increase in ACJ deformity and coracoclavicular (CC) distance. The cases reported include two acute and one chronic ACJ injury. In all cases, this physical examination technique resulted in increased ACJ deformity and CC distance. This examination technique was well tolerated in all patients. All three patients underwent operative fixation and achieved excellent clinical outcomes. Conclusion: In our experience, external rotation of the shoulder against resistance is a well-tolerated examination technique which has demonstrated good clinical utility, aiding in the diagnosis of moderate to high-grade ACJ injury. While this clinical examination technique may aid in the diagnosis of high-grade ACJ injury, the authors strongly recommend further clinical and radiological confirmation before the diagnosis of acute traumatic shoulder injuries. Keywords: Acromioclavicular joint, shoulder, sports.
Neonatal Compartment Syndrome Secondary to a Failed Peripheral Inserted Central Catheter Insertion: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Education, The University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States,, Cai Nathan , Constantinescu David S. ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, Florida, United States., Trapana Justin ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, Florida, United States., Black Brian ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, Florida, United States.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Neonatal compartment syndrome is a rare phenomenon with a limited number of cases reported in the literature with varying etiologies. Current literature categorizes etiologies as either intrinsic or extrinsic. To the best of our knowledge, difficult delivery and delivery through vacuum are the only two iatrogenic etiologies that have been reported in the literature. Thus, this may be the first reported case of neonatal compartment syndrome secondary to a failed peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) insertion. Case Report: We present a case of a pre-mature neonate with diffuse discoloration, paralysis, and loss of palpable pulses of the right upper extremity after a failed PICC insertion. The clinical features led to a diagnosis of compartment syndrome. Interventions were not carried out due to the pre-maturity and instability of the patient. The patient passed away at 38 days of age due to refractory hypotension and patent ductus arteriosus. Conclusion: We present a case of neonatal compartment syndrome caused by a previously unreported etiology, highlighting the current dearth of knowledge. Clinicians should be aware of the unique clinical presentation of neonatal compartment syndrome and maintain high suspicion even without an obvious etiology. Keywords: Compartment syndrome, neonates, vascular.
Knotless Anchor with FiberTape® for Fixing Pure Distal Patellar Tendon Rupture. A Case Report
Authors:   [1] Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, [2] Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,, Ahmed Bandar A , Alotaibi Razan Mohammed ,   [1] Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,, ALJuhani Wazzan Saleh ,   [3] Department of Surgery, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The extensor mechanism and patellar tendon (PT) are considered essential components. Adult PT avulsion from the tibial tubercle is uncommon, with little information in the literature. Technical challenges arise during injury management. Knotless anchors have several applications in treating tendon injuries, such as the rotator cuff, distal biceps, and quadriceps tendons but were not used to repair distal PT avulsions. Case Report: A 50-year-old male patient, an active adult, presented to emergency department with significant right knee pain, giving away and limitation of range of motion (ROM) that had started after he sustained direct trauma with a ground-level fall on his knee that morning. Conclusion: In this paper, we report a case and describe a technique to manage a rare presentation of pure distal PT rupture without an avulsion fracture using knotless anchors with FiberTape®, which showed excellent results. To the best of our knowledge, this technique has never been used before in such injury and anatomical location. At 2 years of follow-up, the patient is free of complaints with almost full ROM at the knee and back to his standard daily life activity. Keywords: Anchors, patellar tendon, spontaneous rupture.
The Challenging Diagnosis and Management of a Pediatric Bicondylar Hoffa Fracture: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Mother and Child Unit, University Hospital Mohamed VI of Marrakech, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco., El Khassoui Amine , Touraif Mariem ,   Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Mother and Child Unit, University Hospital Mohamed VI of Marrakech, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco., Tahiri Driss ,   Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Mother and Child Unit, University Hospital Mohamed VI of Marrakech, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco., Salama Tarik ,   Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Mother and Child Unit, University Hospital Mohamed VI of Marrakech, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco., Aghoutane El Mouhtadi ,   Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Mother and Child Unit, University Hospital Mohamed VI of Marrakech, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco., El Fezzazi Redouane ,   Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Mother and Child Unit, University Hospital Mohamed VI of Marrakech, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Hoffa fractures are uncommon fractures in adults and less common in children. They are defined as fractures of the femoral condyles that occur in the coronal planes. To this day, Hoffa fractures in children comprise only of case reports. Case Report: Our case report is focused on a 12-year-old patient victim of a high-impact trauma causing a bicondylar Hoffa fracture. The diagnosis was based on an X-ray in front and lateral views and confirmed by a computed tomography scan and 3D reconstructions. A screw fixation truth open reduction with a lateral approach. We report the satisfactory results of our case after a 24-month follow-up with a good range of motion. Conclusion: To avoid necrosis of the fragment, pain and stiffness at long-term follow-up make the management of this fracture a serious challenge, and in the pediatric population, the prevention of growth cartilage injuries is crucial to accurate management. Keywords: Hoffa fracture, children, bicondylar, open reduction, rehabilitation.
Rapid Osteoarthritis and Femoral Head Collapse: A Case Series
Authors:   Luminis Health Orthopedics, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, Maryland, United States., Rana Parimal , Johnson Andrea ,   Luminis Health Orthopedics, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, Maryland, United States., Turcotte Justin ,   Luminis Health Orthopedics, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, Maryland, United States., King Paul ,   Luminis Health Orthopedics, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, Maryland, United States.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Rapidly progressive hip osteoarthritis (OA) leading to femoral head collapse (FHC) following intra-articular (IA) corticosteroid injections is a perplexing variant of OA. We explored eight cases of chronic joint pain treated with IA corticosteroid injections. Subsequently, they experienced swift deterioration of the femoral head integrity within as little as 10 weeks. These cases underscore the need for a comprehensive assessment of risk factors versus benefits in this patient population. Case Report: The study reveals a complex interplay between comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes. Patients exhibited various health factors, including obesity, smoking history, cancer treatment, and deficiencies in Vitamin D levels, which have been found to increase the risk of FHC. Furthermore, the study explores the chondrotoxicity of corticosteroids and local anesthetics used in IA injections. In vitro studies show complete loss of chondrocyte viability after a single dose of corticosteroids, potentially leading to cartilage degradation. In addition, local anesthetics may induce cellular demise and structural alterations in the articular cartilage. These factors highlight various influences affecting treatment outcomes in patients with OA. Conclusion: In conclusion, this case series highlights the rare adverse outcome of rapidly progressive hip OA and FHC following IA corticosteroid injections and possible risk factors. While a definitive etiology remains unclear, the study provides valuable conclusions to aid in future treatment decision-making. Keywords: Rapidly progressive hip osteoarthritis, intra-articular injections, corticosteroid injections, femoral head collapse.
Neki čimbenici utjecaja na nedovoljno prijavljivanje sumnji na nuspojave cjepiva
Authors: Jovanović Željko , Karmel Sara
Published: May 2024

Reporting suspected adverse reactions allows monitoring of vaccine safety and identification of new, rare or serious adverse reactions that may not have been observed during clinical trials. When an adverse reaction is suspected, health professionals have a legal obligation and patients have the opportunity to report it to the relevant bodies such as the Croatian Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices in order to contribute to a broader understanding of the potential risks and benefits of vaccines. Improving patient education, communication, trust and empowerment may be key to encouraging adverse event reporting and thus improving vaccine safety and consequently greater acceptance of vaccination.
Torakoskopska plikacija ošita u dojenčeta s eventracijom dijafragme
Authors: Sinjeri Dorotea , Papeš Dino , Pasini Miram
Published: May 2024

Diaphragmatic eventration is an abnormal elevation of part or the entire hemidiaphragm. It can be congenital or acquired. It occurs in 2 to 7 in 100000 live births and it is more common among boys. Symptomatic eventration is presented with different respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. The diagnosis is based on radiological images. Surgical treatment is indicated for all symptomatic patients. The goal is to strengthen the thin and weak diaphragm by plicating the diaphragm itself. Surgical approaches may differ. We present an eight month old boy with eventration who was diagnosed during prolonged respiratory infection. Our treatment approach was thoracoscopic plication of the diaphragm with good long-term outcome.
Korisnost kampa za djecu s epilepsijom: retrospektiva
Authors: Kukuruzović Monika , Cvitanović-Šojat Ljerka , Divčić Branka , Batista Maja , Kužnik Kristina , Šeparović Iva , Malenica Maša
Published: May 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of educational and recreational camping programs for children with epilepsy. Method: A retrospective review of data collected from all children attending annual epilepsy camps organized by the Croatian Epilepsy Association and the Zagreb City Office for Health during 8 years was performed. Children included were between 6 and 18 years of age. The staff of the camp includes child neurologists, a psychologist, neurology nurses and trained volunteers. Educational activities are designed to improve children’s knowledge of epilepsy, importance of taking medication, academic choices, suggested employment, and regulations regarding driving laws. These issues were discussed in groups or in single sessions, depending on the case. Other activities included supervised swimming, team sports, fun activities and games, arts and crafts and entertainment such as disco or movie night. Each of the participants filled out three questionnaires 1. General data questionnaire and pre-camp knowledge test; 2. Camp satisfaction questionnaire and post-camp knowledge test; 3. Questionnaire on adaptation to epilepsy in young people. Results: The analyses of surveys and tests showed that only 75% of children in camp knew that they had epilepsy. In 10% of children, friends and distant family members did not know about epilepsy. Comparing the knowledge test before and after the camp, the average percentage of correctly solved tasks on the first test is 65%, and on the second 87%. The answers in the questionnaire on adaptation to life with epilepsy are indicators of strong stigma in children with epilepsy. Conclusions: The main accomplishment of the camp was for children to gain confidence that they can reach their full potential in life and to feel equal to their peers in every aspect of life.
Frequency of liability for damages in violation of legal standard of due care in pediatrics as a healthcare profession
Authors: Vuletić Dominik
Published: May 2024

Objective: The phenomenology of legal practice records emergence of the entire industry of medical liability lawsuits or litigation on global level. Consequently, there has been an increasing trend of legal proceedings against health care providers. Relevant research shows that the risk of exposure to compensation claims for doctors in paediatrics is higher than in other areas of medicine. Methods: In order to determine whether the aforementioned global trend was also reflected in Croatian legal practice, this research produces a survey of the frequency of final judicial decisions on compensation claims due to medical errors in the period from 2019 to 2023. The research also took into account the strongest correlation factor: malpractice. Methodologically research encompassed case law of domestic courts in the mentioned period recorded in the Ius info database and recorded the number of decisions on medical error and malpractice by year, then narrowing the results down to paediatric cases, i.e. cases where a decision was made on the existence of a paediatrician’s medical error. Results: A total of 54 decisions on the existence or non-existence of a medical error were observed in the relevant period, of which the largest number (31.5%) was recorded in 2021. The total number of decisions on malpractice is half that (N=26), with the highest frequency (27%) recorded in the first year of the observed period. In the entire period of interesr, only one decision refers to a paediatric case (N=1). Conclusions: The results of this research show that in Croatia there is no significant increase in the number of compensation claims for damages due to medical errors in paediatrics. In other words, the trend in the Republic of Croatia does not follow the trends of global legal practice in that area.
Remote and controlled quantum teleportation network of the polarization squeezed state
Authors: Yan Jieli , Zhou Xiaoyu , Yan Zhihui , Jia Xiaojun
Published: May 2024

Quantum teleportation is a building block in quantum computation and quantum communication. The continuous-variable polarization squeezed state is a key resource in quantum networks, offering advantages for long-distance distribution and direct interfacing of quantum nodes. Although polarization squeezed state has been generated and distributed between remote users, it is a long-standing goal to implement controlled quantum teleportation of the polarization squeezed state with multiple remote users. Here, we propose a feasible scheme to teleport a polarization squeezed state among multiple remote users under control. The polarization state is transferred between different remote quantum networks, and the controlled quantum teleportation of the polarization state can be implemented in one quantum network involving multiple remote users. The results show that such a controlled quantum teleportation can be realized with 36 users through about 6-km free-space or fiber quantum channels, where the fidelity of 0.352 is achieved beyond the classical limit of 0.349 with an input squeezing variance of 0.25. This scheme provides a direct reference for the experimental implementation of remote and controlled quantum teleportation of polarization states, thus enabling more teleportation-based quantum network protocols.
Interlayer coupled dual-layer metagratings for broadband and high-efficiency anomalous reflection
Authors: Luo Yijie , Yang Ruisheng , Xie Lingyun , Xu Weijie , Fan Yuancheng , Wei Zeyong , Wang Zhanshan , Cheng Xinbin
Published: May 2024

Recent progress in metagratings highlights the promise of high-performance wavefront engineering devices, notably for their exterior capability to steer beams with near-unitary efficiency. However, the narrow operating bandwidth of conventional metagratings remains a significant limitation. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a dual-layer metagrating, incorporating enhanced interlayer couplings to realize high-efficiency and broadband anomalous reflection within the microwave frequency band. The metagrating facilitated by both intralayer and interlayer couplings is designed through the combination of eigenmode expansion (EME) algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to significantly streamline the computational process. Our metagrating demonstrates the capacity to reroute a normally incident wave to +1 order diffraction direction across a broad spectrum, achieving an average efficiency approximately 90% within the 14.7 to 18 GHz range. This study may pave the way for future applications in sophisticated beam manipulations, including spatial dispersive devices, by harnessing the intricate dynamics of multi-layer metagratings with complex interlayer and intralayer interactions.
Waveguide-integrated van der Waals heterostructure photodetector on a lithium niobate on insulator platform
Authors: Xia Ke , Liu Huayou , Qiu Yang , Zheng Shaonan , Dan Yaping , Zhong Qize , Dong Yuan , Zhao Xingyan , Hu Ting
Published: May 2024

Lithium niobate (LN) photonics has gained significant interest for
their distinct material properties. However, achieving monolithically
integrated photodetectors on lithium niobate on an insulator (LNOI)
platform for communication wavelengths remains a challenge due to the
large bandgap and extremely low electrical conductivity of LN
material. A two-dimensional (2D) material photodetector is an ideal
solution for LNOI photonics with a strong light–matter interaction and
simple integration technique. In this work, a van der Waals
heterostructure photodiode composed of a p-type black phosphorus layer
and an n-type MoS2 layer is successfully demonstrated for
photodetection at communication wavelengths on a LNOI platform. The
LNOI waveguide-integrated BP-MoS2 photodetector exhibits a
dark current as low as 0.21 nA and an on/off ratio exceeding 200 under
zero voltage bias with an incident power of 13.93 µW. A responsivity
as high as 1.46 A/W is achieved at −1 V bias with a reasonable dark
current around 2.33 µA. With the advantages of high responsivity, low
dark current, and simple fabrication process, it is promising for the
monolithically integrated photodetector application for LNOI photonic
platforms at communication wavelengths.