bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POWER OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AGAINST DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS OF OLDER AFRICAN AMERICANS
Authors: Cho Seungjong
Published: November 2019

Depressive symptomatology is one of the most prevalent mental health problems. About 20% of Americans experience depressive symptoms in their lives (Gotlib & Hammen, 2014). Social support, on the other hand, was proved to be a powerful buffer against depressive symptoms of older adults (Kim & Ross, 2009; Sheiman & Meersman, 2004). Few studies have explored this association exclusively among older African Americans who had a culture of powerful social support. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the effects of different sources of social support (from spouse/partner, children, relatives, and friends) against depressive symptoms among older African Americans. This study analyzed the 2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 187). Depressive symptomatology was operationalized as a count outcome (number of having symptoms; CES-D8 scale). A negative binomial regression model of depressive symptoms showed that higher levels of spousal support were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms (coefficient = –.179, p < .001). For each additional score in spousal support, the expected log count of the number of depressive symptoms was decreased by .179. Other sources of social support were not significant predictors of depressive symptoms among older African Americans in this study. Among the covariates, self-rated health (coefficient = .358, p < .001) and household income (logged; coefficient = –.275, p = .014) were significant. The current study supported the results of previous studies showing the power of positive spousal interactions against depressive symptomatology, especially among a nationally representative sample of older African Americans.
AN MHEALTH BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION FOR PROMOTING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SLEEP IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Li Junxin , Szanton Sarah , Liu Minhui , Lukkahatai Nada , Li Junxin , Gooneratne Nalaka
Published: November 2019

Evidence suggests physical activity (PA) improves sleep in older adults. This study examined the preliminary effect of a personalized mHealth behavioral intervention on PA and sleep in older adults. We conducted a randomized controlled pilot trial in 21 community-dwelling older adults with sleep complaints. The 24-week mHealth behavioral intervention included a 2-hour in person training session, personalized exercise prescription, real time PA self-monitoring, interactive prompts, phone consultation, and weekly financial incentives. PA and sleep were measured objectively using Actiwatch 2.0 and subjectively using questionnaires. Peripheral blood was drawn for measuring Plasma inflammatory biomarkers [interleukin 1β, 6, 8, Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha (TNF-α), and c-reactive protein (CRP)]. Data were collected at baseline, 8-week, 16-week, and post intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA (time*group) was used to examine differences of PA and sleep across times between the two groups. Majority of participants are women (71.4%) with mean age of 73.7 (SD = 6.9). Repeated measure ANOVA showed significant (p <0.05) improvement of objective and subjective PA, objective nocturnal sleep duration, self-report sleep quality (measured by Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index) and decreasing of sedentary time over times in the intervention group (n=11), compared to the control group. The intervention group showed significant reduction of plasma TNF-α and CRP levels at 16-week and post intervention. Interventions combining personalized PA and mHealth strategies may positively affect physical activity and sleep in older adults. A larger study is needed to test the efficacy of this intervention and the mechanisms associated with it.
MISMATCH BETWEEN PERCEIVED AND OBJECTIVE MOTOR IMPROVEMENTS WITH ADAPTED TANGO INTERVENTION IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Bennett Crystal , Angel Nathalie , Hackney Madeleine
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this secondary analysis was to assess the relationship between objective and subjective perceptions of motor function measures in older adults following a 12 week adapted tango or health education intervention. A quasi-experimental, two-group, repeated-measures design was used. The study took place in diverse senior independent living communities in an urban metropolitan area. 74 older adults participated (Tango: n= 62, age: 82.3 (8.81) years; Education: n=12, age: 84.1 (7.86) years). Participants were assigned to 20 sessions of 90-minute tango (n = 62) or health education (n = 12) classes over 12 weeks. Motor function, depression, mental and physical quality of life were measured before and after intervention. At post-test, participants indicated their level of agreement with statements that they improved in the objectively measured domains of motor function. Correlations were performed between subjectively rated agreement, and changes in motor function and depression/quality of life. Tango subjective ratings were negatively correlated with empirically observed improvements in balance (r= -.423) and endurance (r= -.241); although their ratings moderately correlated positively with coordination (r=.319) and minimally correlated positively with lower body strength (r=.188). In Tango, decreased depression was positively correlated with self-perceived improved lower body strength (r=.271) and endurance (r= .254). Improved mental function was moderately (r=.423) positively correlated with self-perceived improved balance and coordination (r=.306). After rehabilitation, even in the presence of improved depression and quality of life, older adults may not perceive empirically observed motor function improvements, particularly in balance and lower body strength.
CHATTIER WITH FRIENDS: OLDER ADULTS’ DAILY SOCIAL CONTACT AND CONVERSATION
Authors: Ng Yee To , Huo Meng , Fingerman Karen
Published: November 2019

Studies suggest conversation improves cognitive skills among older adults. While contact with family members is common in late life, contact with friends and acquaintances is relatively less frequent. Yet, we know little about how often older adults engage in conversation when they have contact with different social partners. This study used data from the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study to investigate how older adults talk with different social partners on a daily basis. Participants (N = 303) completed an initial interview about their social partners and reported on their contact with each social partner in ecological momentary assessments every 3 hours across 5 to 6 days. Participants also wore Electronically Activated Recorders (EAR), which captured snippets of their daily conversation. Findings revealed that contact with family members (e.g., spouse, children, siblings) occurred most often, with less frequent contact with other social partners (e.g., acquaintances, neighbors), and then friends. Multilevel models also revealed that participants talked more (i.e., saying more words in each 30-second snippet and had a greater proportion of snippets when they talked) when they had contact with their friends than when they had contact with family members or other social partners. Results from these multiple methods suggest that daily contact with friends could potentially encourage conversation that may facilitate cognitive functioning among older adults.
SOCIAL NETWORK SIZE AND FREQUENCY OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION: THE RELATIONSHIP TO INTERPERSONAL STRESS
Authors: Lin Xin Yao , Lachman Margie E
Published: November 2019

Social relationships are beneficial for psychological wellbeing, but they are also associated with interpersonal stress. With the growing usage of multiple forms of electronic communications (EC) including phone calls, text messages, video chat, and internet among adults of all ages, it was of interest to explore the relationship between social network size (SNS), in-person communication (PC), and EC, and whether the relationship between SNS and frequency of communication is associated with interpersonal stress. A daily diary study was conducted over seven days for 142 participants ages 22 to 94. SNS was assessed with the social convoy model. Frequency of PC and EC, along with interpersonal stress, were assessed daily. As expected, multiple regression analysis results showed that older adults had smaller SNS and less frequent technology communication (text messages, video chat, internet) compared to younger adults. With regard to effects on interpersonal stress, there were no main effects for frequency of PC, EC, or SNS. However, the frequency of EC moderated the relationship between SNS and interpersonal stress, controlling for amount of PC. Among those with a smaller SNS, having more frequent EC was associated with less interpersonal stress compared to those with less frequent EC. For those with a larger SNS, having more frequent EC was associated with more interpersonal stress compared to those with less EC, but PC was not related to interpersonal stress. The discussion will consider implications of the findings for developing interventions to minimize stress from interpersonal communications, especially those that involve EC.
KIN NETWORK DYNAMICS OVER THE LIFE COURSE AND HISTORICAL TIME IN 19TH-CENTURY ORKNEY, SCOTLAND
Authors: Jennings Julia
Published: November 2019

Kin are important sources of social, instrumental, and financial assistance for older adults. Support from kin is associated with improved wellbeing and longer lives among this age group, yet few longitudinal studies examine information on the composition and structure of kin networks beyond dyadic relationships, such as those between spouses or parents and their children. This study examines the dynamics of non-dyadic measures of kin networks among adults over age 60 using multiple longitudinal linked data sources from North Orkney, Scotland, 1851-1911. Reconstructed individual life courses (N=4,946) and genealogies, in combination in spatial information concerning the proximity non-coresident kin, are used to examine change in kin availability and propinquity over the life course and across historical time. Orkney provides an interesting case study; as information is available on individual-level change in kin availability with a long period of follow up during a time of population change. The study period covers the early stages of population aging and depopulation of the islands, which began in the 1870s in this community. A descriptive analysis of kin network change is presented. Kin availability is associated with longer lives in this sample. The presence of co-resident kin is associated with economic status, after controlling for other factors. Older adults who receive poor relief are significantly more likely to live alone and less likely to live with kin, and the association is stronger for men than for women.
STRENGTHS OF GRANDPARENTING: ASSOCIATIONS WITH DAILY WELL-BEING
Authors: Vo Tina , Sidrak Helena , Munoz Elizabeth , Reynolds Chandra A
Published: November 2019

Potential long-term health benefits may be afforded to grandparents in close contact with their grandchildren, although whether such benefits are visible on a day-to-day basis and among others in similar caretaking roles is unclear. We investigated how the quality and quantity of social contacts, as well as caretaker or grandparenting roles, may mediate symptom perceptions in day-to-day context in a consecutive six-day period. Older adults were recruited using an online survey service aged 59-88 years (Mage= 64.8, 55.8% grandparents, 67.8% female). Participants completed a baseline survey (N=152) followed by up to six daily surveys (N=85 of 152). Measures included daily positive and negative affect, and overall frequency of physical health symptoms. Daily social contacts were rated by participants in terms of importance/closeness of the contact. Last, participants indicated the degree of regular contact and non-custodial caretaking roles of children and their grandparent status. Findings indicated that grandparents tended to report daily contacts with closer social convoy members (B=1.40 (.437); p = .002). Moreover, a trend of reduced symptom reporting across days for grandparents was observed (B=-0.145 (.073), p=.048) adjusting for sex and age. Last, grandparents who regularly took care of their grandchildren and reported increased daily positive affect, reported fewer symptoms throughout the week (B=-0.326 (.139), p=0.02). Although modest, results indicate potentially important health benefits of grandparenting in terms of daily physical functioning that may play out over the longer term to impact health and well-being.
WHEN NETWORKS FAIL: ISOLATION AND INDEPENDENCE AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN PUBLIC HOUSING
Authors: Wagen Brooke , Williams Whitney , Bennett Jan , Jacobs Elizabeth A
Published: November 2019

In the coming decades, the population of adults over 65 in the US will increase dramatically. Many older adults live at or below the poverty level, and the growing lack of affordable housing combined with fixed incomes promises to increase the number of older adults facing combined housing and health challenges. Despite their vulnerability, little is known about the lived experiences of older adults aging in place in public housing. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 27 older adults at two public housing sites in Austin, Texas to gain an understanding of their thoughts on health, aging, home, community, and problem solving. We conducted interviews in Spanish (n=10) and English (n=17) with 16 female and 11 male interviewees with a mean age of 71.7 years (range 65-85 years). We systematically coded transcribed interviews and used grounded theory to analyze the data. Participants described feeling isolated due to language barriers, cultural perceptions about neighbors, and previous problematic experiences with neighbors leading to intentional isolation for safety. Some, however, spoke of how they acted as community connectors or responded to connectors in the community in ways that reduced their isolation. Participants framed individual problem-solving and personal choices as central to health and wellness. Our findings suggest a way forward for housing authorities, communities, and health systems working together to provide services to these adults. Incorporating their points of view and even co-creating interventions to enhance their health and well-being will make these interventions more successful and welcome.
INTEREST GROUP SESSION—HOSPICE, PALLIATIVE AND END-OF-LIFE CARE: ADDRESSING ADVANCED ILLNESS CHALLENGES THROUGH SYNERGY, PLANNING, COLLABORATION, AND ADVOCACY
Authors: Hopp Faith P , Nedjat-Haiem Frances R
Published: November 2019

Advanced illness occurs when health conditions become serious, general health and functioning declines, and treatments begin to lose their impact. Advanced care planning (ACP) is critical, but challenges such as communication barriers, system fragmentation, and a lack of formal and informal supports can negatively influence ACP and quality of life. How can diverse groups of persons with advanced illness, their family members and friends have greater synergy when planning for care in the face of serious illness? What are the best practices for planning and provision of a spectrum of needed services and support during the dying process and afterwards? We extend a conversation important for formal and informal network members to transform the culture of ACP, death, dying, and bereavement for diverse vulnerable populations. For this symposium, we will present information on ACP and care for LGBT populations and older Latinos, those living in long-term care settings, and persons receiving Adult Protective Services (APS). We will discuss strategies for synergy, collaboration, and advocacy among persons with advanced illness and their formal and informal care networks as a means of reducing health disparities and promoting self-determination in the midst of advanced illness challenges.
INTEREST GROUP SESSION—BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS FOR OLDER ADULTS: ADDRESSING CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF DEMENTIA: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM DEMENTIA BEHAVIOR TRIAL
Authors: Marx Katherine A , Gitlin Laura N , Gaugler Joseph E
Published: November 2019

Currently, just under six million people living in America are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementia. Most people with dementia live in a community setting and are cared for by a family member. Persons living with dementia almost universally experience behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD), such as agitation, aggression, and rejection of care as well as functional dependence. These symptoms are related to negative outcomes for both the person living with dementia and the family caregiver. Prior research shows that nonpharmacologic interventions such as meaningful activities, education, and multicomponent interventions have promise in managing behaviors. This symposium focuses on preliminary outcomes from the Dementia Behavior Study (DBS), a Randomized Control study that examined the effect of the Tailored Activity Program (TAP) in a community setting on BPSD and functional dependence in persons living with dementia, and caregiver wellbeing (e.g. depression, burden, perceived change). Gitlin et al will present outcomes of the primary aim (BPSD) and secondary aims (functional dependence and caregiver wellbeing) of the DBS. Pizzi et al explore the cost analysis of the TAP intervention versus the active control group. Scerpella et al describe the alerts and adverse events that were associated with the DBS. Marx et al present the relationship between race and caregiver readiness to participate in TAP. Regier et al explore the BPSD Rejection of Care and the association to caregiver burden. Tailoring interventions, such as activities may improve quality of life for both the person with dementia and the family caregiver.
PREDICTORS OF FALLS IN OLDER ADULTS ACROSS PARTNER SETTINGS
Authors: Lach Helen W , Malmstrom Theodore
Published: November 2019

Falls cause significant morbidity and mortality in older adults. We explored predictors of falls in older adults completing Rapid Geriatric Assessments in Missouri (N=7796). Assessments were completed by health professionals and students at community sites (n= 1817), physician practices/clinics (n= 4441), nursing homes (n=525), and hospitals (n=1013). Multinomial regression analyses were used to identify predictors of falls from: age, gender, frailty score, self-reported walking ability, and cognition. Participants had a mean age of 78.4±8.4, were 65.2% female, 41.7% fallers, 28.1% frail, and 40.5% pre-frail. All variables except gender were associated with falls. For the total sample, frailty (OR 2.11 for 1-3 falls, OR 3.74 for 4+ falls; p<.001) and self-reported walking difficulty (OR 1.85 for 1-3 falls, OR 2.36 for 4+ falls; p<.001) had the highest odds ratios and were consistent predictors of falls in site-specific analyses. Self-rated walking, age, and cognition were risk factors in some settings.
BUILDING AN AGE-FRIENDLY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
Authors: Lundy Janice
Published: November 2019

Gateway GWEP has partnered with a rural Missouri critical access hospital to establish an age-friendly health system in their community. Program innovations include development and training of: 1) electronic health records integration of the Rapid Geriatric Assessment (RGA) for all patients 65+ years old; 2) RGA-based protocol for Medicare Annual Wellness Visits (MAWV); 3) Multidisciplinary health care assessment team 4) Evidence-based or Evidence Informed treatment interventions, including Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST), exercise and strengthening program for persons participating in CST, Care of Persons with Dementia in their Environments (COPE) and caregiver support. Since 2015, 1,200 RGAs, 338 MAWVs have been completed; 165 persons with dementia participated in CST; and 74 have participated in exercise and strengthening. Data supports positive outcomes in functional independence, cognitive status, and care-giver dementia management skills and well-being. Successes and lessons learned regarding strategies to develop an age-friendly health systems will be discussed.
LATE-LIFE CAREGIVING IN MEXICAN AMERICAN FAMILIES
Authors: Angel Jaqueline L
Published: November 2019

This study explores how sociological triangulation can be used to examine Mexican-American families in late-life caregiving. We examine the importance of household structure in providing dementia care. The movement away from traditional residential arrangements that result from neoliberal market reforms and international migration means that intergenerational relationship norms and exchanges will inevitably change and affect Mexican-American families caring for their elders. For many aging Mexican-Americans, a severe lack of resources and health limitations introduce major uncertainties about their futures. We employ the H-EPESE and Sacramento Area Longitudinal Study of Aging to document the nature, extent, and quality of dementia caregiving in the Southwestern United States. Qualitative results uncover how the changing meaning of social relationships impacts family life for older parents with dementia. Multivariate analyses reveal that the late-life migration (after 50yrs) undermines resources and opportunities for community-based care. Implications of the findings for informal and formal support are discussed.
SUPPORTING AN OLDER WORKFORCE BY CREATING AGE-FRIENDLY WORKPLACES: INTRODUCING A NEW MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL
Authors: Hattab Raphael Eppler , Meshoulam Ilan , Doron Israel
Published: November 2019

Creating age-friendly workplace environments is considered a central organizational approach for addressing the challenges of supporting an aging and older workforce. However, there are no concrete definitions or theoretical frameworks that explain the full meaning, assumptions and basic processes of this concept. This paper critically reviews the conceptualizations of the age-friendly workplace in the fields of organizational psychology and gerontology, and proposes (a) a new working definition of the concept, and (b) a multidimensional model that consists of a typology of age-friendly dimensions, representing the implications of human resource policies and practices that demonstrate the ways in which organizational climate and organizational culture support aging workers. This framework enables a better understanding of the organizational-occupational realities within an aging and older labor market, and thus serves as an effective foundation upon which future organizational measurements can be constructed. This presentation is based on the article: Eppler-Hattab, R., Meshoulam, I., & Doron, I. (2019). Conceptualizing Age-Friendliness in Workplaces: Proposing a New Multidimensional Model. The Gerontologist. 10.1093/geront/gny184.
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AND WELL-BEING: THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION METHOD
Authors: Lin Xin Yao , Lin Xin Yao , Lachman Margie E
Published: November 2019

Given the increased usage of technology for social interactions, it is important to consider whether the method of communication makes a difference in one’s daily well-being. We conducted a diary study, over seven days with 142 participants, to examine the role that communication method (in-person, phone, technology) plays in daily stress exposure, stress reactivity, and positive and negative affect among adults ages 22 to 94. Multilevel modeling results revealed that on days with higher use of technology (text, video, internet) communication than their weekly average, individuals had more negative outcomes (greater stress exposure and negative affect). On days with more in-person communication than their weekly average, individuals had more positive affect. On days with more phone communication than their weekly average, individuals had less negative affect. The discussion highlights the benefits of in-person and phone communications for well-being, while also considering the potential negative outcomes associated with frequent technology communication.
POLICY SERIES: REEFER MADNESS, SADNESS, OR GLADNESS? THE CANNABIS AND OLDER PERSONS STUDY
Authors: Kaskie Brian P , Bobitt Julie
Published: November 2019

In 2016, we began our examination of the intersection between cannabis and older persons by convening focus groups with 163 older adults from senior centers and dispensaries in nine states with varying levels of cannabis legalization. Since then, we have secured competitive research grants and contracts to examine cannabis use among older persons in California, Colorado, Illinois and Iowa. Our work is guided by the primary hypothesis that cannabis use among older persons is shaped by an individual’s calculations concerning risk (e.g., developing a cannabis use disorder, lawbreaking) and reward (e.g., relaxation, symptom relief), and individuals living in a state with a legal cannabis program may perceive less risk and also may be receiving more information about the benefits of cannabis. We also hypothesize that older adults’ access to and use of cannabis is shaped by where they live, particularly defined by local cannabis program implementation efforts and relevant contextual conditions. In this symposium, we will examine our latest work concerning (a) life-span attitudes toward cannabis, (b) clinical perspectives on counseling and certifying older persons for medical cannabis, (c) provider perspectives on state cannabis policy and program implementation, (d) cannabis use among a sample of dementia caregivers and (e) outcomes experienced by older persons who use cannabis for medical or recreational purposes. Our discussion focuses on implication for policy development and program implementation.
ADJUVANTED VACCINES TO ADDRESS IMMUNOSENESCENCE AND PROMOTE HEALTH THROUGHOUT LIFE
Authors: Friedland Leonard
Published: November 2019

Immunosenescence creates a challenge in developing vaccines tailored for older adults. Recent advances in immunology, molecular biology and systems vaccinology have enabled greater understanding of the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms behind vaccine responses in adults. Novel approaches to vaccine design for this population include adjuvant technology. New knowledge and accumulating experience enables evidence-based selection of the right antigen and adjuvant combination leading to the discovery and development of better and/or newer innovative vaccines specifically tailored to protect against pathogens responsible for infectious diseases resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in older adults. For example, the recent licensure of several vaccines formulated with a new generation of adjuvants to help protect older adults against influenza, hepatitis B and herpes zoster (shingles). This evidence-based approach to the development of adjuvanted vaccines addressing immunosenescence is a primary prevention strategy to develop and maintain the functional ability that enables wellbeing in older age.
THE ALZHEIMER’S ASSOCIATION NATIONAL HELPLINE: EFFECTS ON FAMILY CAREGIVERS
Authors: Hodgson Nancy , Petrovsky Darina V , Kallmyer Beth , Pike Joanne , Fazio Sam
Published: November 2019

Family caregivers of persons with dementia experience high rates of social isolation and limited access to emotional support. The Alzheimer’s Association National Helpline is an accessible and free resource available 24 hours/day, 365 days/year in which master’s-level clinicians offer confidential emotional support and information on resources in the form of “action steps.” We evaluated the preliminary effectiveness of the Helpline for family caregivers of persons with dementia. Between January and October 2018, 185 non-crisis, caregiver calls to the Helpline were assessed at the time of call, one week, and 1 month post-call for effects on caregivers’ self-reported emotional distress, ability to manage anxiety, implement plan of action and access of services. The mean age of callers was 56 years; 22% were non white; 79% were women. Callers reported significantly (p <.05) improved caregiver emotional distress (27% net improvement) and ability to manage anxiety (29% net improvement). At one week, 70% of callers had put action steps in place, and by 1 month 80% of callers had put action steps into place. Over 80% of callers reported action steps were “helpful” and 65% reported that they had accessed additional dementia support services. This study suggests that support provided via the Alzheimer’s Association National Helpline is effective at reducing caregiver emotional distress and improving the ability of callers to “take action”. The results provide support for a larger study investigating caller characteristics and core content of the calls that provided sustained benefit to standardize the key elements of Helpline calls.
GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF LOW STRENGTH IN OLDER PEOPLE: META-ANALYSIS OF >250,000 VOLUNTEERS IN 16 COHORTS
Authors: Jones Garan , Pilling Luke C , Melzer David
Published: November 2019

Dynapenia or muscle weakness is a core feature of sarcopenia and frailty, and leads to significant functional impairment in older adults. We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with dynapenia in older adults, to shed light on the underlying mechanisms. A large-scale meta-analysis of >250,000 volunteers of European descent from 16 cohorts in the CHARGE and GEFOS consortia aged 60+ years at assessment is underway, using maximum hand grip strength to define dynapenia. Preliminary analysis in UK Biobank found that dynapenia is associated with nine genomic loci at genome wide significance (p<5x10-8), with differences between men and women, suggesting sex-specific routes to dynapenia. These results suggest that there are specific genetic determinants of low strength in older adults, and these differ from the determinants of normal-range strength differences. The full meta-analysis of all cohorts will extend these findings. Understanding the biological mechanisms may lead to geroscience interventions.
THE FLUID COMPLEXITY OF RESIDENTIAL CHOICES IN LATER LIFE
Authors: Gubrium Jaber F
Published: November 2019

Serious attention to the fluid complexity of lived experience throws intriguing light on residential choices in later life. Fluidity comes in the form of time, which shifts in both novel and patterned ways as one ages. Decisions in time not only follow well-documented patterns, but interpersonal and intersectional considerations, both retrospectively and prospectively, can alter the essential meaning and consequences of ostensible patterns in the matter. Complexity emerges when the interconnected meanings of individual variables are taken into account. Working together, fluidity and complexity turn what is otherwise well-documented into what might be called forms of “assemblage” of accountability and decision-making in residential choices.
EARLY-LIFE SOCIOECONOMIC POSITION AND ACCUMULATION OF HEALTH-RELATED DEFICITS IN MIDLIFE
Authors: Rogers Nina , Power Chris , Pereira Snehal P
Published: November 2019

Improved understanding of predictors of frailty is key to delaying its onset. Yet, few studies have examined whether early-life socioeconomic position (SEP) predicts frailty in midlife. In the 1958 British Birth Cohort (n=7601), we examined (i) associations between early-life SEP and frailty at 50y and (ii) whether associations were due to continuities in disadvantage into mid-adulthood. Frailty was measured using an index composed of 37 health-deficits. Associations between early-life SEP and frailty were examined using linear regression. Lower early-life SEP was associated with higher frailty, e.g. compared to professional/managerial class, the frailty index was higher by 3.09% (95% CI:-0.65%, 6.84%) for skilled non-manual, 10.8% (8.20%, 13.4%) for skilled manual and 14.2% (11.1%, 17.2%) for partly skilled/unskilled. After adjustment for adult disadvantage, the trend remained, albeit weaker. Findings suggest that interventions in mid-adulthood targeted to those exposed to early-life disadvantage could reduce the risk of developing frailty when entering later life.
BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO DELIVERING PERSON-CENTERED NUTRITION FOR ASIAN AMERICANS IN ADULT DAY HEALTH SETTINGS
Authors: Sadarangani Tina , Trinh-Shevrin Chau , Brody Abraham
Published: November 2019

Malnutrition is a growing problem in community-based long-term care settings. Delivering person-centered nutrition is particularly important in congregate settings serving ethnically diverse older adults who have strong culturally-derived preferences around food. We conducted in-depth semi-structured multi-stakeholder interviews (N = 13) in an adult day health center (ADHC) serving Asian immigrants to explore the ADHC’s capacity to deliver person-centered nutrition interventions. Thematic analysis showed ADHCs successfully promoted social interaction at meal-time. However, participants had limited choice and restrictions on additives, like sodium, making it difficult to honor participants’ cultural preferences. Lack of flavor, limited choice, and rushed mealtimes, driven by center policies and procedures, disproportionately affected persons with dementia. Among those with dementia, clinicians disagreed whether nutrition should be used to manage chronic illness or whether a more palliative approach was warranted. One potential way to address this challenge would be to enable greater choice within a supportive ADHC mealtime environment.
PARTNERING WITH NUTRITION SERVICES PROGRAM PROVIDERS TO DISSEMINATE EVIDENCE-BASED PROGRAMS USING TELE-HEALTH
Authors: Beasley Jeannette , Wylie-Rosett Judith , Sevick Mary Ann , DeLuca Laura , Chodosh Joshua
Published: November 2019

Among adults ≥ age 65, 48% have prediabetes and are eligible to participate in the Medicare-covered Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). We conducted a six-week pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a telehealth-adapted DPP for Nutrition Services Program (NSP) older adult meal program recipients. We enrolled NSP recipients (n=16) from a New York City senior center. These DPP participants attended weekly interactive DPP webinars and completed questionnaires covering lifestyle, physical activity, quality of life, and food records, and wore physical activity trackers. Retention was 75%; attendance averaged 80%; and weight loss was 2.9% (p=0.001). Our six-week pilot data suggest that a tele-adapted DPP intervention can achieve the Medicare reimbursement goals for attendance and 5% weight loss. We are surveying NSP recipients, who receive home-delivered meals, to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of conducting a larger scale tele-adapted DPP intervention trial among NSP participants.
CREATING NEW MODELS FOR AGING IN PLACE: DIVERSE COMMUNITIES AND THE NAVIGATION OF LONG-TERM SERVICES AND SUPPORTS
Authors: Ring Lauren , Liebman Michael , Glicksman Allen , Rodriguez Misha
Published: November 2019

There is a growing interest among aging services providers to better understand the pathways through which older adults and their caregivers navigate LTSS. Although there have been attempts at modeling this process they are often dependent on the quality of existing data, which can result in models which are incomplete and study samples that homogenize diverse older adult populations. These models face two challenges – 1) the data may not include information about important elements of the LTSS navigation process, and 2) the actions of ethnic/cultural sub-groups may not be captured. This study uses a conceptual method called Social Interaction Modeling (SIM) to examine how older adults in two limited English-speaking communities (Spanish / Mandarin Chinese) navigate the use of LTSS and to evaluate disparities in service access. The findings will help to build a more comprehensive model which looks at service navigation among all older adults in Philadelphia.
OAA AND THE GOAL TO END MALNUTRITION
Authors: Blancato Robert
Published: November 2019

Home delivered and congregate meals programs are a foundation part of the OAA and are a part of each reauthorization process.
PREVALENCE AND HERITABILITY OF PERCEIVED MENTAL FATIGABILITY IN THE LONG LIFE FAMILY STUDY
Authors: Meinhardt Alexa J , Gmelin Theresa , Kuipers Allison L , Andersen Stacy L , Cosentino Stephanie , Wojczynski Mary K , Christensen Kaare , Glynn Nancy W
Published: November 2019

We examined the prevalence and heritability of perceived mental fatigability among older adults enrolled in the Long Life Family Study. Participants (N=2342; 55% female) self-administered the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS; scores range 0-50; higher score=greater fatigability). Using the PFS mental subscale, we evaluated differences across age strata (adjusted for family structure and field center) and estimated genetic heritability using the variance covariance methods implemented in SOLAR to determine genetic heritability (adjusted for age, sex, and field center). PFS mental score (mean±SD) and prevalence of higher mental fatigability (PFS ≥13) was greater across age strata: 60-69 (N=996, 5.9± 6.5, 14.5%), 70-79 (N=830, 6.8 ±7.6, 18.7%), 80-89 (N=251, 11.7±10.8, 41.8%), and ≥90 (N=265, 20.2±13.6, 67.2%), p<0.0001. Only among those ≥90, females (21.7±13.5) had greater mental fatigability than males (18.0±13.5), p=0.03. Residual heritability of mental fatigability was 0.17, p<0.0001. Future analyses will evaluate correlates of mental fatigability to identify potential avenues for intervention.
IDENTIFYING HOUSING PREFERENCES IN AN AGE-FRIENDLY COMMUNITY
Authors: Pope Natalie , Gibson Allison
Published: November 2019

More than a decade ago, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) age-friendly cities and communities program was established to guide communities in preparing for rapid population aging. WHO identified eight domains of livability that influence health and wellbeing of older adults—housing, one of the eight domains is the focus of this study. Partnering with our local Age Friendly initiative, we examined housing preferences and values for residents of a mid-sized urban community. A cross-sectional survey was administered online via Qualtrics and through face-to-face data collection across the community (e.g., public libraries, community farmers’ markets). Participants aged 30+ completed a researcher-devised survey about housing-related preferences and values. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Of our 518 respondents, half were 60+ and most were women (73.2%). Younger respondents (age 30-59) were more likely to be married or living with a partner (73.7%). There was little difference in housing preferences between older and younger respondents or among those with varying financial means. Analysis revealed the top five housing considerations were: “safety” (78.8%), “affordability” (73.2%), “privacy” (51.9%), “proximity to services I frequently use” (50.6%), and “accessibility” (42.4%). An unexpected finding was that almost 50% of older respondents expressed a willingness to share a home with a roommate. Data suggests that city planners and property developers should prioritize these preferences when planning for the housing related needs of older residents. Alternative housing models, such as cohousing, should be explored further. Future research should examine interpretation of such housing preferences (i.e., what’s considered affordable?).
MIND THE GAP: FINDINGS FROM THE AGE-FRIENDLY OXFORD COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Authors: Young Meghan A , Dhakal Usha , Kessler Valerie L , Kunkel Suzanne R
Published: November 2019

In November 2017, Oxford, OH joined the AARP network of Age-Friendly Communities (AFCs). The first step in building an action plan through the AARP process is conducting a community needs assessment. Scripps Gerontology Center adapted the AARP Community Survey Questionnaire and mailed surveys to a random sample of 700 Oxford residents aged 50 years and older. The response rate was 46.8%. For seven of the eight domains of livability, individuals were asked how important is it to have particular services in the community (Likert scale) and whether the community provides the services (response options: yes, no, not sure). The responses to these questions were used to calculate a perceived gap score. The purpose of this project was to identify which domains had the largest perceived gaps, then further analyze individual item gaps. The three domains with the largest gaps were transportation (50.6%), housing (47.7%), and health (46.2%). Further analysis of the 60 individual domain items provided information about the type of gap. For example, 84% of respondents found the item “affordable public transportation” important. However, of those who said it is important, 73% perceived a gap in service provision, and 64% of the gap was due to not knowing if Oxford provides it. Communities may interpret a “not sure” gap as an opportunity to restructure how they promote services to older individuals. Implications of this research include proposing different ways of analyzing needs assessment data so AFCs can make efficient and effective changes for older adults to age in place.
AGE-FRIENDLY COMMUNITIES: ENHANCING COMMUNITY CONNECTIONS
Authors: Oh Patricia A
Published: November 2019

Age-friendly communities promote active, healthy, socially connected aging. Opportunities for social connections are key for older residents to enjoy the best possible health and well-being. Communities that join the AARP Network of Age-Friendly States and Communities (AARP NAFSC) include an aging lens in eight areas of community life—social participation, respect and social inclusion, civic participation and employment, communication and information, housing, transportation, community support and health services, and outdoor spaces and buildings. By addressing factors in these eight areas, communities encourage residents to enjoy formal participation in activities and groups and informal contacts with friends, neighbors and other residents. The purpose of this exploratory study was to find out if communities that join the AARP NAFSC plan and implement changes to enhance social connectedness. A review of 62 AARP-approved action plans nationwide, showed that social connectedness was included in 74% of the mission statements and was a goal in 92% of the plans. The lack of resources in rural communities creates special challenges; many age-friendly initiatives depend on community volunteers to implement changes on a shoe-string budget. To learn how rural age-friendly communities promote social connections, an email survey was distributed to 46 AARP NAFSC communities in rural Maine. All the communities responded. Fostering social connectedness was an explicit goal for 88% of the communities. Areas of implementation included services and activities (83%), communication (61%), transportation (30%), programming to include isolated residents (26%), accessible public spaces (22%), and intergenerational volunteering (17%). Implications will be discussed.
THE ROLE OF POLYGENIC SCORE AND COGNITIVE ACTIVITIES ON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING OF OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Shin Su Hyun , Park Soohyun , Kim Giyeon
Published: November 2019

Purpose of study: This study investigated whether and to what extent genetics for cognition and engagement in cognitive activities are related to trajectories of cognitive functioning in older adulthood. Furthermore, we explored whether engaging in cognitive activities could moderate the effect of genetic traits on cognitive functioning in general and across different dimensions: fluid and crystallized intelligence. Design and Methods: Growth curve models were estimated using the sample of 3,129 individuals aged 50 or older (10,000 observations) in the U.S. from 2000-2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Polygenic score for general cognition (PGS) was used to measure genetic traits for cognition, and the number of hours spent per week on each of nine cognitive activities was used to measure individuals’ level of the engagement in cognitive activities. Results: PGS for cognition, reading books, using a computer, and playing cards/games/solving puzzles had positive effects on cognitive functioning. The positive effect of PGS on cognitive functioning was reduced from excessive TV watching. The positive effect of PGS on cognitive functioning was strengthened by spending more hours reading papers/magazines. The measure of fluid, rather than crystallized intelligence, appeared to drive these results. Conclusion: Findings suggests that while genetic factors predict cognitive functioning, engaging in different types of cognitive activities could yield different cognitive functioning trajectories in later life. Practical implications are that older adults should be more selective when choosing their leisure activities to promote cognitive health.
FASTING-MIMICKING DIET REDUCES RISK FACTORS FOR AGING-RELATED DISEASES IN PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES
Authors: Brandhorst Sebastian
Published: November 2019

Prolonged fasting promotes stress resistance, but its effects on longevity are poorly understood. Calorie restriction or major dietary composition changes can have profound effects on healthy aging but the inability of many subjects to adhere to chronic and extreme diets together with the potential of adverse effects limit their application. Fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) are effective in increasing health and lifespan, possibly by inducing stem cell-based regeneration, or as therapies in mouse models of a variety of diseases. FMDs reduce cancer incidence/progression, modulate the immune response, reduce immuno-senescence, ameliorate or reverse disease progression of multiple sclerosis, Type I and Type II diabetes, and reverse inflammatory bowel disease pathology. In a randomized clinical trial, markers/risk factors for metabolic syndrome and other age-related diseases were favorably impacted after completion of 3 FMD cycles. These effects were larger in participants at risk for age-related diseases. Conclusions: We conclude that the FMD was safe and feasible in rodent and human studies. Larger studies on patients with diagnosed diseases are necessary to determine its impact on diabetes and cardiovascular disease treatment.
SEX DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ATTITUDES TOWARD MEDICATIONS AND POOR ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN ELDERLY
Authors: Johnson Taylor , Peacock Erin , Silver Julia , Marsh James , Petty Richard , Krousel-Wood M A
Published: November 2019

Despite its importance for blood pressure control, antihypertensive medication adherence remains a challenge in older adults. Explicit and implicit attitudinal ambivalence toward medications (holding both positive and negative explicit attitudes, and discrepant explicit and implicit attitudes, respectively) may underlie low adherence. We examined whether race, age, or sex affect the associations between attitudes, ambivalence, and adherence. A questionnaire and implicit association test captured medication attitudes from hypertensive adults aged ≥55 (n=199). Adherence was measured with the Krousel-Wood Medication Adherence Scale (K-Wood-MAS-4). Higher scores on the attitudes and adherence scales indicate more positive attitudes and worse adherence, respectively. Associations and effect modification by sex, race (white vs. nonwhite), and age (<65 vs. ≥65) were tested in separate ordinary least squares regressions. The sample was 51.0% female, 43.7% nonwhite, 35.5% aged ≥65, with mean K-Wood-MAS-4 0.64 (SD=0.88). Better adherence was associated with more positive net explicit attitudes (β=-0.18, 95% CI -0.30, -0.06, p=0.003), and worse adherence with higher explicit ambivalence (β=-0.05, 95% CI 0.01, 0.09, p=0.028). The associations with explicit attitudes and explicit ambivalence were significant for men (β=-0.30, 95% CI -0.48, -0.11, p=0.002 and β=0.09, 95% CI 0.03, 0.15, p=0.005, respectively) but not for women (β=-0.07, 95% CI -0.423, 0.09, p=0.378 and β=-0.00, 95% CI -0.06, 0.05, p=0.982, respectively) (p-values for interaction=0.062 and 0.031, respectively). No race or age differences were identified. Adherence was not associated with implicit attitudes or implicit ambivalence. In conclusion, explicit attitudes and explicit attitudinal ambivalence may underlie low adherence to antihypertensive medications, particularly for older men.