bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of salivary glucose as a screening tool of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Choudhry Afreen Arshad , Kumar Pradeep , Prasad Mahendra , Mohapatra Tapan , Sharma Preeti
Published: April 2022

Background: Improved prognosis and delay of clinical complications in diabetes mellitus can be ensured by early screening and regular monitoring after diagnosis. This requires venipuncture at regular intervals of time causing anxiety and discomfort to the patient. Hence, development of a painless, non-invasive procedure is desirable for which saliva is a potential tool. Also, this would provide easy and cost-effective means for large scale screening and epidemiological intervention.

Aim: To measure fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and compare and correlate with salivary glucose levels in normal and diabetic individuals. Also, the correlation between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and salivary glucose is studied in the diabetics and controls.

Methods: Blood and salivary glucose was estimated by GOD-POD method and glycated hemoglobin by HPLC. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS 16. Mean, Standard deviation, independent t test, ANOVA (f test), Pearson’s correlation coefficient along with regression analysis was carried out and comparison was done between the control and diabetic groups and the different subgroups within the diabetic group.

Results: A significant difference between the salivary glucose levels in subjects indicating that a deranged glycemic status is reflected in saliva. Also, salivary glucose increases in proportion to an increase in the FPG and HbA1C of the diabetics. The regression coefficient was calculated and a formula was derived for prediction of FPG and HbA1c using salivary glucose.

Conclusion: Saliva can be used as a screening tool for diabetes. Standardization of the technique and setting up a reference range will also make it useful in diagnosing diabetes mellitus.
Factors Associated with Death of Covid-19 Patients: Case Series
Authors: Djordjević Zorana M. , Gavrilović Jagoda , Suša Romana , Pejčić Ana V. , Popovska-Jovičić Biljana , Čanović Predrag , Živković-Zarić Radica S. , Milosavljević Miloš N. , Opančina Valentina D. , Petrović Ivana K. , Čekerevac Ivan , Lazić Zorica , Folić Marko M. , Novković Ljiljana , Janković Slobodan M.
Published: April 2022

This aim of this study was to identify potential factors associated with survival in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19). This study was designed as a case series. It included patients hospitalized in Clinical Centre Kragujevac between March 10, 2020, and June 15, 2020, due to COVID-19. Variables with significant influence on the cure of patients were identified by multivariate logistic regression. A total of 234 patients were included. The average age of the patients was 57.2 ± 15.8 years. Thirty-five patients died (15.0%) and 199 (85.0%) were discharged as completely cured and with the sustained virological response.

The study variables with significant influence (expressed as odds ratio – OR) on cure of COVID-19 patients after adjustment for effects of other variables were: stay in an intensive care unit – ICU (OR = 0.007; 95% confidence interval – CI 0.001 – 0.086; p = 0.000), previous hospitalization (OR = 7.802; 95% CI 1.198 – 50.924; p = 0.032), increased body temperature on admission (OR = 0.004; 95% CI 0.000 – 0.771; p = 0.040), higher score of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR = 0.428; 95% CI 0.235 – 0.780; p = 0.006), and increased values of C-reactive protein (CRP) serum level (OR = 0.978; 95% CI 0.966 – 0.990; p = 0.000). In conclusion, clinicians should pay attention to patients with high body temperature at admission, presence of multiple comorbidities, high CRP, and patients who stay in an ICU, considering that they could be at risk for fatal outcome.
PENANGANAN JALAN PADA TEROWONGAN GEURUTEE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS
Authors: Akmal M. , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Fadhly Noer
Published: April 2022

In Indonesia, especially in Aceh, the type of flexible pavement is more dominant than rigid pavement, better than rigid reinforcement of 24.15%. By further reducing the asphalt raw material that exists on the earth and many flexible pavement constructions increase faster than the age of the plan. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct a study to obtain an illustration of the cost of road repairs during the life of the plan, known as Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) for both types of pavement. The purpose of this study was to obtain a way of handling costs and a higher age level between flexible pavements with rigid pavement based on the LCCA method. This research will be carried out on the Lintas Barat Selatan National road KM 60 + 450 / K.027 with a simulation (prediction) of road handling and costs during the service life of the plan (40 years) which began since construction, construction, routine maintenance, continuous maintenance / periodic until firm (recycling) of the two types of pavement. The life cycle cost analysis using the Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) method shows a trend that occurs between the types of pavement where the flexible pavement value on each of the three discount factors shows a higher value compared to rigid pavement, with an average difference of choice that is equal to Rp. 16,359,761,474, - with a decrease in value of 25%. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is Rigid Pavement.
POTENSI ANCAMAN BANJIR BANDANG SUB DAS TIMANG GAJAH KABUPATEN BENER MERIAH DAN ACEH TENGAH
Authors: Ivana Rahmi Nia , Fatimah Eldina , Azmeri Azmeri
Published: April 2022

Timang Gajah Sub Watershed is one of total 12 sub watersheds located in Peusangan Watershed. The condition of Peusangan Watershed is degraded and it triggers hydrometeorology disaster such as flash flood. The record of flash flood events is very high in the districts located in Peusangan watershed. According to BPS 2014 Data, there were 32 events of flash flood occurred in Central Aceh, 17 events occurring in Bener Meriah, 7 events occurring in Bireuen, 2 events occurring in North Aceh, 23 events occurring in Pidie and 4 event occurring in Nagan Raya. This reason becomes the background of the research as well as there has not been compiled flash flood hazard map in Timang Gajah Sub Watershed. This research aims to compile flash flood hazard map in Timang Gajah Sub Watershed. The research analysis is by using Indonesia Disaster Risk (RBI) (2016). The analysis tool used is GIS tool. The result uses fuzzy membership analysis of inundation depth. Based on the analysis outcomes, it is resulted that flash flood hazard analysis in Timang Gajah Sub Watershed consist of 4 categories dominated by safe area as 29,366.55 Ha (81.89%) and vulnerable area as 2,954.83 Ha (8.24 %).
New generation of investment agreements in the regime
of the European Union
Authors: MATÚŠOVÁ Silvia , NOVÁČEK Peter
Published: April 2022

The judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union as of 6 March 2018 in
Case C-284/16 changed the system and coordination of investment relations of the Member
States of the European Union. The judgment set a fundamental precedent that changed the
system of international investment law and placed the investment arbitration, conducted due
to bilateral investment agreements between the EU and the Member States. The aim of the
scientific study is to point to the new generation of the EU investment agreements which, in
accordance with their importance, will influence the development of international investment
relations between EU Member States and non-member countries of the world. The study was
elaborated on the analysis of the rules of legal logic, systematics, accuracy and the
generalization of conclusions. The analysis and interpretation of obtained results have
proved that the traditional system of international investment agreements is being changed.
A new model is emerging in the regime of investment agreement of the European Union.
International law and nationalism as two essentially related concepts
Authors: DE BRITO Paulo
Published: April 2022

The principal aim of the present essay is to explore the relationship between
international law and nationalism, whilst arguing that both concepts cannot be viewed as
two separate and self-contained realities, but should rather be considered in light of their
mutual interaction. The external actions of a nation are reflected internally. Similarly, its
internal actions have external repercussions. In this work, such consequences are examined
in a nation-state with an authoritarian structure as opposed to those found in a democratic
nation-state. Additionally, the concept of nationalism is studied in its variant forms in both
these contexts, leading to the premise that an aggressive and expansionist nation-state is
unlikely to be guided by a constitution that places a high value on democracy and freedom.
A nation which does not respect the liberties of its own nationals will undoubtedly disrespect
other States and their nationals, and vice-versa. This begs the question: should international
law be irresponsive and neutral in these cases?
PENGARUH CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO, LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO, BOPO TERHADAP NON-PERFORMING LOAN
Authors: Bengawan Christopher Hartawan , Ruslim Herman
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh capital adequacy ratio (CAR), loan to deposit ratio (LDR) dan BOPO terhadap non-performing loan pada bank umum di Indonesia. Populasi yang dijadikan obyek penelitian berjumlah 45 perbankan, sedangkan hanya 41 perbankan yang sesuai dengan kriteria penelitian dan dijadikan sampel penelitian. Periode penelitian adalah tahun 2016-2018, sehingga jumlah data yang diobservasi sebanyak 123 data. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel dengan jenis data sekunder. Penelitian ini diolah dengan analisis linear berganda data panel dengan bantuan software eviews versi 9.00. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CAR, LDR dan BOPO secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap NPL. Secara parsial, CAR menunjukkan hasil negatif, namun tidak signifikan berpengaruh terhadap NPL. Sementara LDR dan BOPO terbukti positif dan signifikan berpengaruh terhadap NPL.
PENGARUH MEKANISME PENERAPAN PRINSIP TATA KELOLA DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN
Authors: Hutagalung Damestar , Trisnawati Estralita
Published: April 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris pengaruh mekanisme penerapan prinsip tata kelola, leverage dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap manajemen laba pada perusahaan pertambangan di BEI pada tahun 2019-2019. Manajemen laba menjadi suatu hal yang sangat penting dalam penyajian dan pelaporan informasi keuangan oleh pihak manajemen dimana manajemen memiliki ruang untuk memilih berbagai metode penyajian dan pelaporan informasi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan software SPSS 23 untuk pengolahan datanya. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 39, yang terdiri dari 13 perusahaan pertambangan selama periode 3 tahun. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel mekanisme tata kelola dan ukuran perusahaan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap manajemen laba, sedangkan leverage tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap manajemen laba.
PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI
Authors: Stephanie Felicia Grace , Ruslim Herman
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan dan mengkaji secara empiris pengaruh rasio keuangan riskbased capital, liquidity, premium growth, underwriting risk, own retention ratio, dan firm size terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan asuransi. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 36 perusahaan asuransi umum dan jiwa yang terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) periode 2014-2019. Penelitian ini melakukan pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi robust dan program Eviews 9. Analisis regresi robust digunakan karena data dalam penelitian ini merupakan gabungan antara data berdistribusi normal dan data tidak berdistribusi normal. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa risk based capital, liquidity, dan firm size berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan asuransi (ROA), sedangkan premium growth, underwriting risk, dan own retention ratio tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan asuransi (ROA). Secara simultan, seluruh variabel independen secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan asuransi (ROA).
Seuralle ja lehdelle uudet vetäjät
Authors: Toimitus Signumin
Published: April 2022

“Haluan tehdä näkyväksi tieteellisten kirjastojen tekemää työtä ja merkitystä. Mikään muu taho ei tee sitä meidän puolestamme”, toteaa Suomen tieteellisen kirjastoseuran tuore puheenjohataja Anne Lehto. “Pyrin säilyttämään lehden monipuolisuuden — sisällön kokoamisessa yritän jatkossakin huomioida tieteellisten kirjastojen muutokset ja erilaiset tehtävät”, toteaa puolestaan Signum-lehden uusi päätoimittaja Mika Holopainen. Tässä artikkelissa Lehto ja Holopainen haastattelevat toisiaan.
FUN Suomen yliopistokirjastojen verkosto – yhdessä vahvempia ja osaavampia
Authors: Kytömäki Päivi
Published: April 2022

Suomen yliopistokirjastojen verkosto täytti viime vuonna 25 vuotta. Neljännesvuosisadassa verkosto on saanut paljon aikaan ja ollut vaikuttamassa keskeisten palveluiden syntyyn: ensimmäisen yhteisen kirjastojärjestelmän hankinta, Linnea2-konsortio, FinELib, informaatiolukutaidon opetus, KDK ja Finna, bibliometriikka ja avoin tiede. Kuinka yliopistokirjastojen yhteistyön syntyi ja millainen on tieteellisten kirjastojen yhteisön kehitys?
ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY AND FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF HARD CANDY INNOVATION PRODUCTS WITH THE ADDITION OF GAMBIR CATECHINS (UNCARIA GAMBIR ROXB)
Authors: Maryam Maryam , Sitorus Tosty Maylangi , Dewi Hartami , Lubis Rizki Fadhillah
Published: April 2022

Developing hard candy as a functional food with antioxidants and antibacterial properties derived from natural ingredients will do. By analyzing the formulation of innovations and analysis of the financial viability of hard candy products with the addition of gambir catechins, it is expected to provide information to stakeholders related to the development of hard candy innovation products with the addition of gambir catechins (Uncaria gambir Roxb.). The results of the analysis of organoleptic tests, obtaining formulas 17, 8, 18, 4, 7 hard candy had the rating respondents liked very much (4-5). Then conduct a quality test based on SNI hard candy 3547.1:2008 on products that have the criteria of organoleptic test results. Results from SNI hard candy test 3547.1:2008, the product met the standard requirements of SNI 3547.1:2008 products. When compared to hard candy products on the market with an average selling price of around Rp. 333.33, the hard candy products in this study can compete, especially strawberry variants. On a production scale of at least, 10 kg of hard candy HPP can compete with other products, where the hard candy in this study has a high added value antioxidant and has antibacterial properties useful for the health of consumers.
STUDY OF MODIFIED PERFORATED BREAKWATER AS RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVICE
Authors: Setyandito Oki , Novandy Novandy , Nizam Nizam , Anda Martin , Kusumadewi Riana Ayu , Wijayanti Yureana
Published: April 2022

Aim: This study investigates to determine the influence of wave steepness, relative freeboard, and breaker parameters on overtopping discharge at a perforated breakwater. Methodology and results: The research method used was using both a numerical model simulations on three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling software namely FLOW-3D; and empirical equation computation. The evaluation of both approaches were performed for understanding the characteristics of wave discharge that overtopping the perforated breakwater. The experimental results of modified perforated breakwater revealed that the lowest slope possible with the highest porosity possible can generate the highest value of dimensionless overtopping discharge for wave energy harvesting. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The findings of this study formulated the optimum slope and porosity to the highest wave energy harvested. Further studies recommend that data collection from onsite trials of modified perforated breakwater are performed.
Synthesis of the HIV-Proteinase Inhibitor Saquinavir: A Challenge for Process Research
Authors: Göhring Wolfgang , Gokbale Surendra , Hilpert Hans , Roessler Felix , Schlageter Markus , Vogt Peter
Published: April 2022

The task of process research, namely developing efficient, economically and technically as well as ecologically feasible syntheses in time, is demonstrated on the HIV-proteinase inhibitor Saquinavir, a complex molecule comprising six stereo-centres. Based on the first 26-step research
synthesis furnishing a 10% overall yield, process research established a new, short 11-step synthesis affording a 50% overall yield.
Stereoisomers of Tocopherols – Syntheses and Analytics
Authors: Netscher Thomas
Published: April 2022

After an introduction summarizing the relevance of vitamin-E-active compounds, a short overview about the work done at Roche (in Basel and Nutley, USA) from the early 1960s to the 1990s is given. Selected research activities of the Basel group during recent years on the synthesis
and stereochemical analysis of tocopherols and building blocks are described in more detail.
Balancing water solubility with membrane permeability in the design of a synthetic ionophore
Authors: Yang Kylie , Boles Jessica , White Lisa , Hilton Kira , Lai Hin Yuk , Long Yifan , Hiscock Jennifer , Haynes Cally
Published: April 2022

Synthetic ionophores are promising therapeutic targets, yet current limitations associated with their lipophilicity and poor water solubility prevent the translation of this molecular technology into the clinic. In this work we report investigations into the cation transport ability of a series of antimicrobial supramolecular, self-associating amphiphiles (SSAs). We identify a member of this class of compounds to function as a K+ transporter in cooperative action with a known anionophore. This SSA is soluble in a range of organic solvents and in 100% water, retaining its transport activity when delivered from a purely aqueous solution – therefore overcoming current molecular delivery limitations. These findings shed light on a potential antimicrobial mechanism of action and inform the design of future therapeutic targets that can balance water solubility and membrane penetration.
Discovery of novel drug-like antitubercular hits targeting the MEP pathway enzyme DXPS by strategic application of ligand-based virtual screening
Authors: Zhu Di , Johannsen Sandra , Masini Tiziana , Simonin Céline , Haupenthal Jörg , Illarionov Boris , Andreas Anastasia , Awale Mahendra , Gierse Robin M. , van der Laan Tridia , van der Vlag Ramon , Nasti Rita , Poizat Mael , Buhler Eric , Reiling Norbert , Müller Rolf , Fischer Markus , Reymond Jean-Louis , Hirsch Anna K. H.
Published: April 2022

In the present manuscript, we describe how we successfully used ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS) to identify two small-molecule, drug-like hit classes with excellent ADMET profiles against the difficult to address microbial enzyme 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXPS). In the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) it has become increasingly important to address novel targets such as DXPS, the first enzyme of the 2C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, which affords the universal isoprenoid precursors. This pathway is absent in humans but essential for pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, making it a rich source of drug targets for the development of novel anti-infectives. Standard computer-aided drug-design tools, frequently applied in other areas of drug development, often fail for targets with large, hydrophilic binding sites such as DXPS. Therefore, we introduce the concept of pseudo-inhibitors, combining the benefits of pseudo-ligands (defining a pharmacophore) and pseudo-receptors (defining anchor points in the binding site), for providing the basis to perform a LBVS against M. tuberculosis DXPS. Starting from a diverse set of reference ligands showing weak inhibition of the orthologue from Deinococcus radiodurans DXPS, we identified three structurally unrelated classes with promising in vitro (against M. tuberculosis DXPS) and whole-cell activity including extensively drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. The hits were validated to be specific inhibitors of DXPS and to have a unique mechanism of inhibition. Furthermore, two of the hits have a balanced profile in terms of metabolic and plasma stability and display a low frequency of resistance development, making them ideal starting points for hit-to-lead optimization of antibiotics with an unprecedented mode of action.
On the binding energy of atoms in crystals and the speed of sound
Authors: Dall'Osso Aldo
Published: April 2022

The speed of sound depends on the structure and on the material properties of the crystal, such as the density and the Young’s modulus. On the other hand, from atomistic arguments it is possible to link the Young’s modulus to other material properties. These observations drive to a relation between the binding energy of the atoms in a crystal (which is one of the parameters appearing in the Mie-Lennard-Jones potential), the speed of sound in the longitudinal direction and the mass of one atom in the lattice. Applications of this relation to rare gases and few metals are presented and the results compared to others taken from literature.
Enhanced Exosome Immunodetection by Integration of Silica Inverse Opal Architectures as Nanostructured Sensors in Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring
Authors: Suthar Jugal , Alvarez-Fernandez Alberto , Taylor Alaric , Williams Gareth R , Guldin Stefan
Published: April 2022

Exosomes are nanosized circulating vesicles that contain biomarkers considered promising for early diagnosis within neurology, cardiology and oncology. Recently, acoustic wave biosensors, in particular based on quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), have emerged as a sensitive, label-free, and selective exosome characterisation platform. A rational approach to further improving sensing detection limits relies on the nanostructuration of the sensor surfaces. To this end, inorganic inverse opals (IOs) derived from colloidal self-assembly present a highly tuneable and scalable nanoarchitecture of suitable feature sizes and surface chemistry. This work systematically investigates their use in 2D and 3D for enhanced QCM-D exosome detection. Precise tuning of the architecture parameters delivered improvements in detection performance to sensitivities as low as 6.24 x 10^7 particles/ml. Our findings emphasise that attempts to enhance acoustic immunosensing via increasing the surface area by 3D nanostructuration need to be carefully analyzed in order to exclude solvent and artefact entrapment effects. Moreover, the use of 2D nanostructured electrodes to compartmentalise analyte anchoring presents a particularly promising design principle.
An Overview of the SAMPL8 Host-Guest Binding Challenge
Authors: Amezcua Martin , Setiadi Jeffry , Ge Yunhui , Mobley David
Published: April 2022

The SAMPL series of challenges aim to focus the community on specific modeling challenges, while testing and hopefully driving progress of computational methods to help guide pharmaceutical drug discovery. In this study, we report on the results of the SAMPL8 host-guest blind challenge for predicting absolute binding affinities. SAMPL8 focused on two host-guest datasets, one involving the cucurbituril CB8 (with a series of common drugs of abuse) and another involving two different Gibb deep-cavity cavitands. The latter dataset involved a previously featured deep cavity cavitand (TEMOA) as well as a new variant (TEETOA), both binding to a series of relatively rigid fragment-like guests. Challenge participants employed a reasonably wide variety of methods, though many of these were based on molecular simulations, and predictive accuracy was mixed. As in some previous SAMPL iterations (SAMPL6 and SAMPL7), we found that one approach to achieve greater accuracy was to apply empirical corrections to the binding free energy predictions, taking advantage of prior data on binding to these hosts. Another approach which performed well was a hybrid MD-based approach with reweighting to a force matched QM potential. In the cavitand challenge, an alchemical method using the AMOEBA-polarizable force field achieved the best success with RMSE less than 1 kcal/mol, while another alchemical approach (ATM/GAFF2-AM1BCC/TIP3P/HREM) had RMSE less than 1.75 kcal/mol. The work discussed here also highlights several important lessons; for example, retrospective studies of reference calculations demonstrate the sensitivity of predicted binding free energies to ethyl group sampling and/or guest starting pose, providing guidance to help improve future studies on these systems.
Financial viability and environmental sustainability of fecal sludge treatment with Omni Processors
Authors: Rowles Lewis , Morgan Victoria , Li Yalin , Zhang Xinyi , Watabe Shion , Stephen Tyler , Lohman Hannah , DeSouza Derek , Hallowell Jeff , Cusick Roland , Guest Jeremy
Published: April 2022

Omni Processors (OPs) are community-scale systems for non-sewered fecal sludge treatment. These systems have demonstrated their capacity to treat excreta from tens of thousands of people using thermal treatment processes, but their relative sustainability is unclear. In this study, QSDsan (an open-source Python package) was used to characterize the financial viability and environmental implications of fecal sludge treatment via OP technology treating mixed and source-separated human excreta, and to elucidate the key drivers of system sustainability. Overall, the daily user cost for the treatment of mixed excreta (pit latrines) via the OP was estimated to be 0.05 [0.03 – 0.08] USD·cap-1·d-1, while the treatment of source-separated excreta (from urine-diverting dry toilets) was estimated to have a user cost of 0.09 [0.08 – 0.14] USD·cap-1·d-1. Operation and maintenance of the OP is a critical driver to total user cost; whereas the contribution from capital cost of the OP is much lower because it is distributed over a relatively large number of users (i.e., 12,000 people) for the system lifetime (i.e., 20 yr). The total emissions from the source-separated scenario were estimated to be 11 [8.3 – 23] kg CO2 eq·cap-1·yr-1, compared to 49 [28 – 77] kg CO2 eq·cap-1·yr-1 for mixed excreta. Both scenarios fall below the estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for anaerobic treatment of fecal sludge collected from pit latrines. Source-separation also creates opportunities for resource recovery to offset costs through nutrient recovery and carbon sequestration with biochar production. For example, when carbon is valued at 150 USD·Mg-1 of CO2, the user cost of sanitation can be further reduced by 44% and 40% for the source-separated and mixed excreta scenarios, respectively. Overall, our results demonstrate that OP technology can provide low-cost, low-GHG fecal sludge treatment while reducing global sanitation gaps.
Photocatalyzed dehydrogenation of aliphatic N- heterocycles releasing dihydrogen
Authors: Ritu  , Das Saikat , Tian Ya Ming , Karl Tobias , Jain Nidhi , Koenig Burkhard
Published: April 2022

We report the iridium-nickel dual photocatalytic acceptorless and redox neutral dehydrogenation of aliphatic heterocycles yielding cyclic alkenes without overoxidation at room temperature. Excitation of the iridium photocatalyst initiates the formation of a nickel hydride intermediate that yields alkenes and H2 via β-hydrogen elimination. The reaction proceeds regioselective and the scope was demonstrated by the synthesis of ten biologically relevant molecules and drugs. In addition, commercially and easily available N-heterocyclic alkane starting materials were converted by the method into functionalized alkenes of high synthetic and commercial value.
A corrupção como espetáculo midiático: análise das capas da revista Veja sobre a operação Lava Jato
Authors: Ladeira-Mota Célia , Soares-de-Almeida Paulo Henrique
Published: April 2022

Este artigo propõe uma análise das capas da revista Veja sobre as atividades da Operação Lava Jato, investigação da Polícia Federal e do Ministério Público Federal. A intenção do estudo não é esgotar o tema, mas discutir os significados sociais e políticos produzidos pelas narrativas. Nossa hipótese é que, além de trabalhar a espetacularização da corrupção como valor-notícia, a revista participa ativamente como ator do jogo político, não sendo apenas um observador da crise que se instalou no Brasil, mas incentivando a população a ir às ruas e lutar contra os governos e os políticos em geral.
La Alianza del Pacífico, una ficción en la comunicación gubernamental
Authors: Olivera-Cárdenas Luis , Rojas-Suárez Cristhian
Published: April 2022

Desarrollando una aproximación interdisciplinar, desde la comunicación política y las relaciones internacionales, se toma como objeto de estudio a la Alianza del Pacífico (AdP). Cuatro entidades gubernamentales emiten mensajes en medios sociales sobre este organismo internacional intergubernamental. Los 236 mensajes analizados llevan a identificar la manera como el Gobierno aborda la realidad y potencialidad de la AdP. Se trata de una comunicación política carente de “mito”, que no inscribe sus distintos campos de acción en un gran proyecto orientado a construir un consenso; de otro lado, se trata de una presencia en la AdP que desaprovecha su potencialidad para impulsar una política internacional proactiva.
De celebrities, pop y premodernos: hacia una democracia zombie
Authors: Rincón Omar
Published: April 2022

Este ensayo parte de los capitales culturales de los ciudadanos actuales para desde ahí comprender y hacer sentido de la política en nuestros tiempos. Se afirma la existencia de tres tipos de ciudadanos: críticos y cínicos que se sienten contraculturales en el consumo, tienen a las redes como templos, creen y descreen de la política; ciudadanos premodernos que ajustan sus afectos a sus creencias y convierten su bronca en batalla moral; ciudadanos modernos que creen en las ideas, los partidos, las libertades, las instituciones, los derechos. En este contexto se comprende por qué hoy nuestros políticos son celebrities, intelectuales pop, practicantes de la ceocracia y los valores religiosos, y nacionalistas. Se argumenta que la comunicación política en el siglo xxi es un oficio bastardo que combina moralidades premodernas con coolture que ha llevado a que la democracia se convierta en concepto zombie.
El papel del componente superestructural en la elaboración de las macroestructuras
Authors: González Raúl
Published: April 2022

Se ha explorado 62 estudiantes universitarios en la comprensión de tres tipos de texto: narrativos, argumentativos y expositivos. Se utilizó un instrumento que aplica la técnica de neologismos para medir el rendimiento diferencial en los tres tipos de superestructura textual. Se halló que el tipo de texto que presenta mayor dificultad es el expositivo, siguiéndole el argumentativo y el narrativo. Se da una explicación evolutiva a este resultado. Además se ha encontrado que factores muestrales como género, edad, tipo de estudio, rendimientos tanto escolares como de ingreso a la universidad, y el nivel educativo de los padres no presentan diferencias significativas entre sí. Finalmente, la técnica de neologismos probada presenta un buen nivel de confiabilidad y validez.
Actitud y sentimiento de soledad en un grupo de adolescentes universitarios de Lima
Authors: Cuny José Antonio
Published: April 2022

La presente investigación tiene como finalidad explorar el sentimiento de soledad y la actitud ante la soledad, en un grupo de estudiantes de los dos primeros ciclos de estudio de una universidad privada de Lima. La muestra está constituida por 343 estudiantes, cuyas edades oscilan entre 16 y 21 años. El instrumento utilizado es el Louvain Loneliness Scale for Children and Adolescents (LLCA). El resultado más destacable es que los adolescentes muestran aversión a la soledad, en especial las mujeres. Se confirman parcialmente los resultados obtenidos en otros países. La investigación también muestra que los jóvenes, en la medida en que avanzan en sus estudios, sienten mayor soledad en relación con amigos.
Estilos de aprendizaje en estudiantes de posgrado de una universidad particular
Authors: Álvarez-Flores David , Domínguez José
Published: April 2022

El propósito de la presente investigación es conocer el estilo de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de posgrado de una universidad particular. El trabajo, de tipo descriptivo correlacional, consideró una muestra de 186 estudiantes de sus diferentes maestrías. Se administró el inventario de estilos de aprendizaje (IEA) del Kolb, adaptado a nuestro medio por Escurra. Los resultados reportan una distribución proporcional entre los distintos estilos de aprendizaje; no se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre los estilos de aprendizaje y el tipo de maestría, sexo y nivel de estudios.
Análisis componencial de experiencias de culpa y vergüenza en Lima: reporte preliminar
Authors: Fontaine Johnny , Estas Catherine , Corveleyn Jozef , Herrera Dora , Fernández Manuel
Published: April 2022

Mediante una investigación cualitativa se estudiaron las características que definen las emociones de culpa y vergüenza en una población de estudiantes limeños. Se analizó la descripción de todas las situaciones dentro del marco de un enfoque componencial de la emoción. Se construyeron categorías que referían el tipo de situación antecedente, evaluaciones, experiencias subjetivas, reacciones psicofisiológicas, prontitud para actuar y reacciones emocionales, procesos de regulación y las consecuencias cognitivas. En el material cualitativo codificado surgió una clara diferenciación entre la culpa y la vergüenza.
Novel Techniques for Small Molecule-Based Drug Delivery in Cancerous Tissue: A Literature Review
Authors: Sassi Amel , Mudathir Randa , Zeimingui Angela
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Small molecule cancer drugs target rapidly growing cancerous and healthy cells, leading to negative side effects. Due to the broad effects of small molecule drugs (SMDs), particularly on healthy cells, researchers have established methods such as altering lipophilicity, introducing drug conjugates, and nano-based drug delivery methods to diminish side effects.
Methods: Relevant biomedical literature between 1991 to 2021 was obtained using Medline PubMed. Search terms were “physicochemical properties”, “nanotubes”, “liposomes”, and “small molecule drug conjugates”. Literature was selected based on pertinency after assessing the abstracts.
Results: Properties such as a drug’s lipophilicity influence most SMD’s promiscuity. Controlling the hydrophobic features of lipophilic drugs within optimal ranges increases their specificity, half-life, and aqueous solubility. However, the narrow optimal range of lipophilicity makes it challenging to observe noticeable effects without reducing therapeutic effects. SMD conjugates improve drug delivery using a targeting ligand, and a therapeutic payload. The targeting ligand ensures greater binding to receptors on target tissues, such that a lower dose of a drug is required, thereby decreasing toxicity. SMD conjugates are non-immunogenic and have lower molecular weights, allowing for greater entry into solid tumours. Several nanomedical approaches have been developed to improve drug delivery. Carbon nanotubes, which exploit the enhanced permeability and retention effect, increase the accumulation of the drug at the cancerous tissue. Another method involves the use of liposomes, which exhibit high biocompatibility with cell membranes, low toxicity, and capability to carry hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic molecules.
Discussion: While said novel therapies show increased targeting effects and decreased toxicity, notable limitations exist. Some SMD chemotherapeutics with high lipophilicity has been linked to adverse side effects. Conversely, lower lipophilicity ranges may reduce the permeability and potency of the drug. Alternatively, select SMD conjugates display poorer bioavailability, quick clearance, and multidrug resistance. Moreover, the toxicity of carbon nanotubes is not entirely deduced which may be associated with negative side effects.
Conclusion: This systematic review emphasizes the importance of novel drug delivery systems to mitigate the toxic effects of small molecule cancer drugs through changes in lipophilicity, the introduction of drug conjugates, and nano-based drug delivery methods.
KOMPARASI KINERJA ALGORITMA XGBOOST DAN ALGORITMA SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM) UNTUK DIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT KANKER PAYUDARA
Authors: Andryan Muhammad Ravly , Fajri Muhamad , Sulistyowati Nina
Published: April 2022

Kanker payudara merupakan kanker yang sering ditemukan pada wanita di indonesia. kanker ini terjadi karena pertumbuhan neoplasma yang tidak normal yang berasal dari parenchyma. penyakit ini banyak ditemukan di negara-negara maju. Di Indonesia sendiri kanker payudara menempati peringkat kedua setelah kanker serviks. Kanker payudara dapat dideteksi secara dini melalui tumor pada payudara, umumnya dapat terbagi menjadi dua yaitu benign dan malignant. metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Knowledge Data Discovery (KDD) dengan menggunakan algoritma XGBoost dan SVM, kemudian dilakukan klasifikasi untuk menentukan apakah kanker yang dianalisa itu bernilai benign atau malignant. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data publik yang dirilis oleh UCI Machine Learning berjudul Wisconsin Breast Cancer Diagnostic. Hasil kinerja yang didapat setelah melakukan penelitian menggunakan kedua algoritma adalah Xgboost yang memiliki akurasi terbaik sebesar 95.12% dan nilai ROC_AUC sebesar 0.99 dan algoritma SVM memiliki akurasi terendah sebesar 90.24% dan nilai ROC_AUC sebesar 0.98.
Synoptic analysis of the January 2004 snowstorm: Example of Çanakkale
Authors: ACAR Zahide , EŞSİZ Mahmut
Published: April 2022

Many natural disasters have occurred on the Earth we live in. Humans have always been in a struggle with these natural phenomena. Today, people are still struggling with atmospheric extreme events. One of the most important disasters like this is snowstorms that occur suddenly in winter. Especially countries in the middle belt (30-60 latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere) are constantly affected by snowstorms. Turkey, located in the Middle Belt, is also exposed to these storms during the winter season. From this perspective, the analysis of synoptic conditions and weather forecast is an important factor for risk analysis and take precautions for winter storms. Thus, the predictions made with the tracking of air masses and synoptic analysis make it easier to understand how the storm occurred. For this purpose, synoptic analyses were conducted to understand the development of the snowstorm that occurred in the high atmosphere in Çanakkale on January 20-30, 2004. This study examined how weather conditions change. Radiosonde data, surface maps, and daily bulletins provided from the Turkish State Meteorological Service were used in the study. Archival data were used to track air mass orbits using the Hysplit trajectory method. Stability and instability assessments of air masses were evaluated using the data from radiosonde stations using the K Index. Spatial analysis software was used to analyze the data and show the thematic distribution of topography. According to the findings, during the passage of a cold front of air masses coming from the north to Çanakkale on January 22, gusty winds began, suddenly dropped the temperatures, and began heavy snow events. Later, it turned into a blizzard and formed a type of snow.
On complementizers and embedded gapping in English, Spanish and Polish
Authors: Fernández-Sánchez Javier
Published: April 2022

This paper examines two sequences which display gapping under two different embedding configurations in English, Spanish and Polish. I claim that the different distribution of the finite complementizer in these configurations and across these three languages provides further evidence for the idea that gapping is not a uniform phenomenon, and that different structures may correlate with different heights at which coordination can take place in gapping.
HOW TO CONSTRUCT CSIDH ON QUADRATIC AND TWISTED EDWARDS CURVES
Authors: Bessalov Anatoliy
Published: April 2022

In one of the famous works, an incorrect formulation and an incorrect solution of the implementation problem of the CSIDH algorithm on Edwards curves is discovered. A detailed critique of this work with a proof of the fallacy of its concept is given. Specific properties of three non-isomorphic classes of supersingular curves in the generalized Edwards form is considered: complete, quadratic, and twisted Edwards curves. Conditions for the existence of curves of all classes with the order p+1 of curves over a prime field are determined. The implementation of the CSIDH algorithm on isogenies of odd prime degrees based on the use of quadratic twist pairs of elliptic curves. To this end, the CSIDH algorithm can be construct both on complete Edwards curves with quadratic twist within this class, and on quadratic and twisted Edwards curves forming pairs of quadratic twist. In contrast to this, the authors of a well-known work are trying to prove theorems with statement about existing a solution within one class of curves with a parameter that is a square. The critical analysis of theorems, lemmas, and erroneous statements in this work is given. Theorem 2 on quadratic twist in classes of Edwards curves is proved. A modification of the CSIDH algorithm based on isogenies of quadratic and twisted Edwards curves is presented. To illustrate the correct solution of the problem, an example of Alice and Bob calculations in the secret sharing scheme according to the CSIDH algorithm is considered.
ASSESSMENT OF THE PRECONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF THE METHODOLOGY OF ASSESSMENT OF INFORMATION RELIABILITY
Authors: Brzhevska Zoreslava , Kyrychok Roman
Published: April 2022

The conceptual model of information reliability includes information resources, sources of information, factors of information confrontation, sources of factors of information confrontation (threats to authenticity), goals of attackers, functions, methods and means of ensuring reliability, and reliability indicators. The reliability of information (the degree of trust in data) contained in information resources is largely determined by the quality of sources and the ability of individuals to influence information processes. However, the concept of reliability of information is often associated with the categories of integrity and availability of information resources. All this must be ensured in the functioning of the information space in conditions of accidental or intentional informational influences. A necessary condition for achieving the required level of reliability of information is the construction of a comprehensive system for ensuring the reliability of the information. Information space of enterprises exists in the system of commodity-money relations, which is based on the concept of economic efficiency and can not afford to spend uncontrollably and unreasonably material resources for any activities. As a result, the assessment of the level of reliability of information and decision-making on measures to improve it raise the concomitant task of assessing the economic effect of their implementation.
Study on guardrail post behavior located on organic soil using simplified experimental and numerical methods
Authors: Manaviparast Hamid , Araújo Nuno , Cristelo Nuno , Miranda Tiago
Published: April 2022

For the purpose of road safety, it is vital to reduce the severity of road accidents and increase safety around the roadway area by deploying guardrails. In case of a car crash, a guardrail post must be deformable so that such restraint is not too abrupt due to the occupant’s sensitivity. Soil type influences on the guardrail post behavior have been a somewhat unfounded variable due to the high soil heterogeneity and challenging interpretation of its real implications on the safety of guardrail systems. Since little attention is concentrated on evaluating the guardrail post behavior through simplified procedures, this article aims to provide a simplified experimental and numerical approach to study the behavior of guardrail posts located on organic soil. Results of laboratory and in-situ tests indicated that guardrail posts behavior located on organic soil depends on section orientation, driving depth, and loading speed. To confirm and compare the in-situ tests, simplified numerical simulations through Plaxis 3D software were carried out, and data from numerical modeling approved the accuracy of in-situ results.
SOCIETIES AND CIVILIZATIONS: PRIORITIES OF MODERN RESEARCH
Authors: Oleynikov Yu.
Published: April 2022

Despite of unprecedented level of financing and IT support, the world science didn’t demonstrate meaningful fundamental achievements in study of the ecologic problems of interaction between nature and society and the socio-natural history within the recent 50 years. Social and ideology causes of conceptual infertility of social ecology and of social sciences as a whole are analyzed, such infertility rooted in absence of conditions for creative research into problems of profound social-economic transformation of the society and for search of real paths of development of the social form of being of humans and of the whole of planet’s socio-natural Universum. Ideological engagement of contemporary scholars and their leaning towards the “end of history” and “sustainable development” concepts as a justification of eternal and qualitative stability of liberal capitalism are the reasons of this situation in philosophy and in distinct natural and social sciences. Narrow specialization of scholars, poor knowledge of theoretical heritage accumulated in various countries are of considerable importance as well, these drawbacks not allowing for synthesis of data obtained in particular fields of science to lead to development of fundamental understanding about being of contemporary socio-natural whole.
HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE AND COMMEMORATIVE PRACTICES IN THE CULTURAL SPACE OF THE CITY (BASED ON THE RESEARCH OF RESPONDENTS FROM SEVASTOPOL AND NOVOROSSIYSK)
Authors: Tuchina O. , Apollonov I.
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the results of the study of the historical experience of the individual in the context of national and local identity. The purpose of the study is to identify respondents 'awareness of the practices of commemoration of the Great Patriotic War, their attitude to them and the connection of the features of the respondents' social identity with participation in urban commemorative practices. The novelty of the approach consists in combining the study of the semiotics of the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War in the context of the cultural space of the hero city with conducting a socio-psychological study and understanding its results in line with the hermeneutics of culture. The study of the peculiarities of awareness of urban commemorative practices showed a significant difference in the memorial practice of Sevastopol and Novorossiysk: in Sevastopol there are a number of commemorative practices woven into everyday life, in Novorossiysk there are several main memorial actions. The results of the study showed a significant positive correlation of national and urban identity with the activity and motivation of participation in commemorative practices.