bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF CHILDREN FANTASY LITERATURE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE: THE CASE OF BEATRIX POTTER’S WORK/INVESTIGASI SASTRA FANTASI ANAK-ANAK DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS: CASE OF BEATRIX POTTER’S WORK
Authors: Ashrafi Ali
Published: March 2021

Abstract In this research, we chose the series of Beatrix Potter in English languages. Then the obtained data studied in three parts of the style of writing, the semiotics of fantasy characters, and in terms of social concepts such as power, gender, and collaboration. This research is descriptive research based on the library method. Fantasy is a ction about a topic in the past or an event in the future that is now untrue, but relying on individual knowledge and imagination. Fantasy literature, as it stands today, was created in Europe in the eighteenth century, although its elements exist in myths and ancient myths. Beatrix Potter (1866-1943) grew up in London is the most acclaimed Baby Writer. She was an English writer, illustrator, natural scientist, and conservationist best known for her children’s books featuring animals. She is well-known as the author of children’s books such as The Tale of Peter Rabbit. She wrote 23 books altogether, the most famous of which was “the Tale of Peter Rabbit “, which translated into 35 languages and printed 151 million copies in the world. Keywords: characterization, fantasy literature, story, Beatrix Potter, phantom fantasy, realistic fantasy, writing style Abstrak Dalam penelitian ini, dipilih seri Beatrix Potter dalam bahasa Inggris. Kemudian data yang diperoleh dianalisis dalam tiga bagian: gaya penulisan, semiotika karakter fantasi, dan ditinjau dari konsep sosial, seperti kekuasaan, jenis kelamin, dan kolaborasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif berdasarkan metode kepustakaan. Fantasi adalah ksi tentang suatu topik di masa lalu atau peristiwa di masa depan yang sekarang tidak benar, tetapi mengandalkan pengetahuan dan imajinasi individu. Sastra fantasi, seperti yang ada saat ini, diciptakan di Eropa pada abad kedelapan belas, meskipun unsur-unsurnya ada dalam mitos dan mitos kuno. Beatrix Potter (1866-1943) besar di London adalah Penulis Bayi, ilustrator, ilmuwan alam, dan konservasionis yang terkenal karena buku anak-anaknya yang menampilkan hewan. Karyanya yang terkenal adalah buku anak-anak, seperti The Tale of Peter Rabbit. Kata kunci: penokohan, sastra fantasi, cerita, Beatrix Potter, fantasi hantu, fantasi realistik, gaya menulis
KAJIAN PRONOMINA PERSONA DALAM CERPEN KESETIAAN ITU DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMP/ANALYTIS OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN KESETIAAN ITU SHORT STORY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR LEARNING INDONESIAN LANGUAGE AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Muhyidin Asep
Published: March 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji penggunaan pronomina persona dalam cerpen Kesetiaan Itu  karya Hamsad Rangkuti. Data penelitian berupa satuan lingual berupa kalimat-kalimat yang mengandung pronomina persona. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini berupa sumber data tertulis berupa paragraf-paragraf yang terdapat pada cerpen. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data pada penelitian ini adalah metode dokumentasi dan metode catat. Penelitian ini menggunakan validitas semantik yaitu data mengenai pemarkah pronomina persona sebagai sarana kohesi hubungan antarkalimat dalam wacana cerpen dapat dimaknai sesuai dengan konteksnya. Instrumen penelitian berupa kartu data. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode agih. Hasil penelitian ditemukan sebanyak 173 pronomina persona pertama, 65 pronomina persona kedua, dan 192 pronomina persona ketiga. Semua pronomina persona yang ditemukan bersifat takrif. Pronomina persona yang paling banyak ditemukan berwujud aku, -mu dan -nya. Hasil penelitian dapat diimplikasikan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMP karena teks cerpen merupakan medium pembelajaran sastra. Siswa diharapkan dapat memahami penggunaan pronomina persona dalam teks cerpen. Karakter tokoh dalam cerpen tersebut dapat diteladani siswa dalam menjalani kehidupan nyata di masyarakat.  Untuk itu, guru harus mampu membuat skenario pembelajaran di kelas.Kata kunci: pronomina persona, cerpen, pembelajaran bahasa IndonesiaAbstractThis study aims to describe the use of personal pronouns  in Kesetiaan Itu short story by Hamsad Rangkuti. The data were lingual units in the form of sentences with personal pronouns. The data sources were paragraphs in the short story. The data were collected through documentation and note. They were analyzed by the distributive method. The findings show that there are 173  the first personal pronouns,  65 the second personal pronouns, and 192 the third personal pronouns. All personal pronouns were found are definitive. The most pronounced personal pronouns is aku, -mu, and -nya. The findings can be utilized in the Indonesian language learning at junior high schools because short stories are a medium of literary learning. Students are expected to understand use of personal pronouns in short stories. The characters in the short story can be emulated by students  life in the community.  For this reason, teachers must be able to create learning scenarios. Keywords: personal pronouns, short story, Indonesian language learning
ORAL TRADITION OF SANSANA BANDAR OF DAYAK NGAJU IN KAPUAS WATERSHED CENTRAL KALIMANTAN/TRADISI LISAN SANSANA BANDAR DAYAK NGAJU DI DAS KAPUAS KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Wijanarti Titik , Sudardi Bani , Wijaya Mahendra , Habsari Sri Kusumo
Published: March 2021

Abstract Sansana Bandar is one of the oral traditions of the Dayak Ngaju people of Central Kalimantan in the form of a story about Bandar. This study aims to examine the narrative of the Bandar by contextualizing all aspects of the story to the socio-cultural history of the Dayak ethnic group. This study used an ethno- graphic approach. Data collection techniques used were library research, interviews, staging, recording, and transcription. The data obtained were then analyzed semiotics. The results show that Sansana Bandar is still maintained by the Dayak Ngaju community in the Kapuas Regency. The purpose of staging Sansana Bandar is so that one’s ideals can be achieved. Sansana Bandar staging requires requirements and is carried out from afternoon to morning. Sansana Bandar’s text analysis shows the in uence of cultures outside the island of Kalimantan in the life of the Ngaju Dayak community. Keywords: oral tradition, Sansana Bandar, Dayak Ngaju, Kapuas wastershed, Central Kalimantan Abstrak Sansana Bandar adalah salah satu tradisi lisan masyarakat Dayak Ngaju Kalimantan Tengah yaitu berupa cerita tentang seorang tokoh bernama Bandar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis narasicerita Bandar melalui seluruh aspek cerita yang dikaitkan dengan konteks social historis dan social budaya suku Dayak Ngaju. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnogra . Teknik pengambilan data yang dilakukan adalah penelusuran pustaka, wawancara, pementasan, perekaman, dan transkripsi. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara semiotik. Hasil penelitian menunjuk- kan bahwa Sansana Bandar masih dipertahankan oleh masyarakat Dayak Ngaju di wilayah Kabupaten Kapuas. Tujuan pementasan Sansana Bandar bagi tuan rumah adalah supaya cita-cita berhajat dapat tercapai. Sansana Bandar dipentaskan memerlukan persyaratan dan dilakukan pada waktu sore sampai pagi hari. Analisis teks cerita Sansana Bandar menunjukkan adanya pengaruh kebudayaan luar pulau Kalimantan dalam kehidupan masyarakat Dayak Ngaju. Kata kunci: tradisi lisan, Sansana Bandar, Dayak Ngaju, DAS Kapuas, Kalimantan Tengah
LICIK ATAU CERDIK? SERANGKAIAN TANGGAPAN DARING KEPADA SI KANCIL/A TRICKY OR CLEVER? THE RESPONSES ON CYBERSPACE TO THE MOUSE DEER
Authors: Amanat Tri
Published: March 2021

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tanggapan daring terhadap (cerita) Si Kancil. Data penelitian diambil dari google.id dan google.com pada rentang November 2019—Januari 2020 berbentuk teks-teks tanggapan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teori resepsi pembaca. Tanggapan yang ditemukan berbentuk; interpretasi, kritik sastra, dan konkretisasi. Nada tanggapan berkategori; positif, netral, dan negatif. Tanggapan interpretasi berisi; pengaruh Si Kancil pada pembentukan karakter, implikasi budayanya, nilai-nilai dalam cerita, dan sejarahnya. Tanggapan kritik sastra berupa sorotan adanya kemungkinan pengaruh negatif Si Kancil terhadap karakter pembaca, dan solusi mengatasinya. Tanggapan konkretisasi berbentuk; menerjemahkan dalam bahasa Inggris, transfer media, dan menggubah cerita Si Kancil. Ditemukan kecenderungan orang asing/non-Indonesia lebih bisa menemukan sisi positif dari Si Kancil, dengan cara mengolah cerita Si Kancil sehingga layak dikonsumsi oleh anak-anak. Sebagian penanggap orang Indonesia ada yang menganggap Si Kancil bernilai negatif, ada yang menyarankan untuk menghapus cerita ini, dan ada yang menganggap cerita bangsa lain lebih hebat. Kata kunci: cerita Si Kancil, resepsi pembaca, tanggapan daring Abstract This study aims to examine online responses to the (Kancil) mouse deer. The research data was taken from google.id and google.com in the range of November 2019-January 2020 in the form of response texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with reader reception theory. The response found is shaped; interpretation, literary criticism, and concretization. The tone of response categorized; positive, neutral, and negative. Interpretation responses contain; Si Kancil’s in uence on character formation, cultural implications, values in the story, and its history. Literary criticism responses in the form of highlights of the possibility of the negative in uence of the Mouse Deer on the reader’s character, and solutions to overcome them. Concretization response takes the form of; translate in English, transfer media, and compose the story of The Mouse Deer. It was found that the tendency of foreigners / non- Indonesians was more able to nd the positive side of The Mouse Deer, by processing the Mouse Deer’s story so that it was suitable for consumption by children. Some of the Indonesian respondents consider that the Mouse Deer is negative, some suggest removing this story, and some consider the story of other nations to be more powerful. Keywords: The Mouse Deer story, reader reception, online responses
ILOKUSI-ILOKUSI HOAKS COVID-19 DI MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF CYBER-PRAGMATICS/COVID-19 HOAX ILLOCUTIONS IN INSTAGRAM IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CYBERPRAGMATICS
Authors: Rahardi R. Kunjana
Published: March 2021

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan wujud-wujud ilokusi hoax Covid-19 di media sosial Instagram dalam perspektif Cyberpragmatics. Data penelitian berupa tuturan-tuturan dalam Instagram yang di dalamnya terkandung ilokusi-ilokusi hoax covid-19. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode simak. Teknik yang digunakan dalam rangka penerapan metode simak adalah teknik simak bebas libat cakap sebagai teknik dasar dan teknik rekam dan teknik catat sebagai teknik lanjutan. Setelah tipe-tipe data tersaji dengan baik, langkah selanjutnya adalah memvalidasi data. Metode dan teknik analisis data diterapkan adalah metode analisis distribusional. Teknik yang digunakan dalam rangka menerapkan metode distribusional adalah teknik bagi unsur langsung. Adapun dimensi-dimensi ekstrakebahasan penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menerapkan metode kontekstual atau metode padan khususnya padan ekstralingual. Penelitian ini berhasil menemukan ilokusi-ilokusi hoax Covid-19 sebagai berikut: (1) ilokusi menebar informasi tidak jelas, (2) ilokusi menyoal informasi keliru, (3) ilokusi menebar berita palsu, (4) ilokusi menyoal desas-desus, (5) ilokusi menebar berita tidak benar, (6) ilokusi membesar-besarkan informasi keliru, (7) ilokusi menebar informasi yang tidak jelas, (8) ilokusi membesar-besarkan masalah. Kata Kunci: cyberpragmatics, ilokusi hoax, Covid-19 Abstract The purpose of this research is to describe the forms of Covid-19 hoax illocution in Instagram social media in the perspective of Cyberpragmatics. The research data were in the form of utterances in which contained the illusion of covid-19 hoaxes. Data were collected by the observation method. The technique used in the framework of applying the refer to method was a free, engaging, involved listening technique as the basic technique and the record technique and the note technique as an advanced technique. After the types of data were presented properly, the next step was to validate the data. The method and data analysis technique applied was the distributional analysis method. The technique used in the framework of applying the distributional method was the technique for the direct element. The extra dimensions of this research were analyzed by applying the contextual method or the matching method speci cally the extralingual padding. This research succeeded in nding Covid-19 hoax illocution as follows: (1) illocution to spread unclear information, (2) illocutionary to erroneous information, (3) illocution to spread false news, (4) illocution to rumors, (5) illocution to spread untrue news, (6) illocution to exaggerate misinformation, (7) illocution to spread information that is not clear, (8) illocution to exaggerate the problem. Keywords: cyberpragmatics, illocution hoaxes, Covid-19
THE PLOT OF THE CHARACTERS IN ALL THE BRIGHT PLACES/KARAKTER DALAM ALUR CERITA ALL THE BRIGHT PLACES
Authors: Widyantara Patricia Dharma , Aryani I Gusti Agung Istri , Malini Ni Luh Nyoman Seri
Published: March 2021

Abstract Nowadays, plot within characters with mental health issues still a sensitive issue to be discussed by most people. Some parents often avert their children from the exposure of the topics in the purpose to protect them suffering the same illness. It is important to discuss on this topic since intend to show the reality of individuals’ feeling as mentioned in the plot of this study. The novel of All the Bright Places managed to succeed in delivering the message through interesting plot development where two main characters get together and share their perspectives to carry out the story. Hence, this study aims to investigate how Niven as a story writer structured her story with the plot. The results of this study showed a progressive kind of plot where plot elements are chronologically arranged within the mental health issues. These were found from the language in the plot including their point of views and symbols used as the elements of ction shown in the exposition, complication, crisis, climax, falling action, and resolution. It seemed that there were connection between characters supported with the language use and events covered inside the plot. These re ected to the whole part of patterns inside the story that give personal touchs to their readers from the events. Keywords: ction, literature, mental illness, novel, plot Abstrak Dewasa ini, pembahasan alur cerita dengan karakter-karakter yang memiliki masalah kejiwaan masih dianggap sensitif bagi kebanyakan orang. Beberapa orang tua masih sering menghindarkan anaknya dari paparan topik tersebut demi alasan keamanan supaya tidak terkena penyakit yang sama. Pengangkatan topik ini penting sebab berusaha mengungkapkan perasaan seseorang secara nyata dalam alur cerita seperti kajian ini. Pada novel “All the Bright Places” berhasil menyajikan pembahasan yang memberikan alur cerita menarik melalui sudut pandang kedua tokoh utama yang secara berdampingan dibagikan dalam memandu perkembangan alur cerita. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara Niven sebagai penulisnya mengemas alur ceritanya. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa Niven mengadaptasi tipe alur cerita progresif karena urutan alur yang tersusun secara kronologis dengan permasalahan kejiwaan di dalamnya. Temuan berupa penggunaan bahasa termasuk sudut pandang dan simbol-simbol sebagai unsur-unsur dalam alur cerita yaitu ekposisi, komplikasi, krisis, klimak cerita, penurunan klimak dari alur cerita, dan resolusi. Keterkaitan antara karakter-karakter, bahasa dan kejadian-kejadian yang ada turut mendukung alur cerita itu. Hal ini mere eksikan bahwa pola-pola kejadian yang ada mengalir di dalam cerita sehingga dapat memberikan sentuhan mendalam kepada pembacanya. Kata kunci: fiksi, kesusastraan, masalah kejiwaan, novel, alur cerita
NASALIZATION IN BALINESE VERBS/PENASALAN VERBA BAHASA BALI
Authors: Udayana I Nyoman
Published: March 2021

Abstract Balinese has two forms in relation to nasal pre xes. First, the initial segment of the verb root can be assimilated with the homorganic nasal and both coalesce. Second, the nasal pre x still assimilates with the rst segment of the verb root but forms a CC cluster. The data source of this study is Balinese dictionaries and analyzed by Optimality Theoretic (OT) so it was found that the af x nasal did not form a cluster with the rst segment of the verb root uniformly occurred in verbs where the rst segment is obstruent both voiced and voiceless while the one forming the cluster is the rst segment of a verb root which is realized by a sonorant. The rst phenomenon can be handled by the constraint * NC (obs) while the second one by violates linearity constraint, namely, Align-L (root) constraint. OT analysis also predicts that the ungrammaticality of an output verb structure ngmaang ‘to give’ due to fact that the correct underlying form baang is confused with its corresponding surface form. Keywords: nasalization, obstruent, sonorant, OT analysis Abstrak Bahasa Bali mempunyai dua bentuk dalam kaitannya dengan pre x nasal. Pertama, segmen awal dari akar verba bisa berasimilasi dengan nasal yang homorganik dan keduanya berkoalisi. Kedua, nasal pre ks masih berasimilasi dengan segmen pertama akar verba, tetapi membentuk klaster CC. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah Kamus Bahasa Bali dan dianalisis dengan Optimality Theoretic (OT) sehingga didapatkan bahwa nasal a ks yang tidak membentuk klaster dengan segmen pertama akar verba secara seragam hanya terjadi pada verba yang mana segmen pertamanya adalah obstruent, baik bersuara maupun tak bersuara sedangkan yang membentuk klaster adalah segmen pertama verba yang direalisasikan oleh segmen bertipe sonorant. Yang pertama bisa ditangani oleh konstrein *NC (obs), sedangkan yang kedua adalah secara jelas melangggar konstrein linieritas, yaitu Align-L (root). Analisis OT juga memprediksi ketidakgramatikalan bentuk-output verba ngmaang ‘memberi’ yang bentuk dasarnya yang benar adalah baang dikacaukan dengan bentuk output-nya. Kata kunci: penasalan, hambatan, sonoran, Analisis OT
TRANSPLANTE DE TECIDO TIREOIDIANO AUTÓLOGO CRIOPRESERVADO. ESTUDO EXPERIMENTAL EM RATOS.
Authors: Carra Amabile Maran , Franco Olavo Borges , Lichtenberger Renata Cristina Lopes , VASCONCELLOS MARCEL , Schanaider Alberto
Published: March 2021

O hipotireoidismo pós-cirúrgico pode resultar do tratamento do bócio difuso tóxico (doença de Basedow-Graves), dos bócios multinodulares tóxico ou atóxico (bócio endêmico), da abordagem do câncer, inc
Compound AABA Form and Style Distinction in Heavy Metal
Authors: Hudson Stephen S.
Published: April 2021

This article presents a new framework for analyzing compound AABA form in heavy metal music, inspired by normative theories of form in theFormenlehretradition. A corpus study shows that a particular riff-based version of compound AABA, with a specific style of buildup intro (Attas 2015) and other characteristic features, is normative in mainstream styles of the metal genre. Within this norm, individual artists have their own strategies (Meyer 1989) for manifesting compound AABA form. These strategies afford stylistic distinctions between bands, so that differences in form can be said to signify aesthetic posing or social positioning—a different kind of signification than the programmatic or semantic communication that has been the focus of most existing music theory research in areas like topic theory or musical semiotics. This article concludes with an exploration of how these different formal strategies embody different qualities of physical movement or feelings of motion, arguing that in making stylistic distinctions and identifying with a particular subgenre or style, we imagine that these distinct ways of moving correlate with (sub)genre rhetoric and the physical stances of imagined communities of fans (Anderson 1983, Hill 2016).
Study of inequalities for unified integral operators of generalized convex functions
Authors:   Department of mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Pakistan, Farid G. , Mahreen K. ,   Department of mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Pakistan, Chu Yu-Ming ,   Department of Mathematics, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, P. R. China,   Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and Analysis in Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, P. R. China
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to study unified integral operators for generalized convex functions namely \((\alpha,h-m)\)-convex functions. We obtained upper as well as lower bounds of these integral operators in diverse forms. The results simultaneously hold for many kinds of well known fractional integral operators and for various kinds of convex functions.
New Simpson type method for solving nonlinear equations
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan, Qureshi U. K. , Shaikhi A. A. ,   Department of Basic Sciences and Related Studies, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan, Shaikh F. K. ,   Department of Basic Sciences and Related Studies, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan, Hazarewal S. K. ,   Department of Basic Sciences and Related Studies, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan, Laghari T. A. ,   Department of Basic Sciences and Related Studies, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
Published: March 2021

Finding root of a nonlinear equation is one of the most important problems in the real world, which arises in the applied sciences and engineering. The researchers developed many numerical methods for estimating roots of nonlinear equations. The this paper, we proposed a new Simpson type method with the help of Simpson 1/3rd rule. It has been proved that the convergence order of the proposed method is two. Some numerical examples are solved to validate the proposed method by using C++/MATLAB and EXCEL. The performance of proposed method is better than the existing ones.
A note on Jeśmanowicz’ conjecture for non-primitive Pythagorean triples
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Hoa Lac High Tech Park, FPT University, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Van Thien , Nguyen Viet Kh. ,   Department of Mathematics and Information Assurance, Hoa Lac High Tech Park, FPT University, Hanoi, Vietnam, Quy Pham Hung ,   Department of Mathematics, Hoa Lac High Tech Park, FPT University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: March 2021

Let \((a, b, c)\) be a primitive Pythagorean triple parameterized as \(a=u^2-v^2, b=2uv, c=u^2+v^2\), where \(u>v>0\) are co-prime and not of the same parity. In 1956, L. Jesmanowicz conjectured that for any positive integer \(n\), the Diophantine equation \((an)^x+(bn)^y=(cn)^z\) has only the positive integer solution \((x,y,z)=(2,2,2)\). In this connection we call a positive integer solution \((x,y,z)\ne (2,2,2)\) with \(n>1\) exceptional. In 1999 M.-H. Le gave necessary conditions for the existence of exceptional solutions which were refined recently by H. Yang and R.-Q. Fu. In this paper we give a unified simple proof of the theorem of Le-Yang-Fu. Next we give necessary conditions for the existence of exceptional solutions in the case \(v=2,\ u\) is an odd prime. As an application we show the truth of the Jesmanowicz conjecture for all prime values \(u < 100\).
Mathematical analysis of a delayed HIV/AIDS model with treatment and vertical transmission
Authors:   INES Ruhengeri, Faculty of Applied Fundamental Sciences, Rwanda, Twagirumukiza Gratien , Singirankabo Edouard ,   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology-School of Mathematics, Kenya
Published: March 2021

None can underestimate the importance of mathematical modelling for their role in clarifying dynamics of epidemic diseases. They can project the progress of the disease and demonstrate the result of the epidemic to public health in order to take precautions. HIV attracts global attention due to rising death rates and economic burdens and many other consequences that it leaves behind. Up to date, there is no medicine and vaccine of HIV/AIDS but still many researches are conducted in order to see how to mitigate this epidemic and reduce the death rate or increase the life expectancy of those who are infected. A delayed HIV/AIDS treatment and vertical transmission model has been investigated. The model took into account both infected people from the symptomatics group and asymptomatic group to join AIDS group. We considered that a child can be infected from the mother to an embryo, fetus or childbirth. Those who are infected, it will take them some time to get mature and spread the disease. By using mathematical model, reproduction number, positivity, boundedness, and stability analysis were determined. The results showed that the model is much productive if time delay is considered.
Atopic dermatitis: advancement and problems in understanding the essence of the disease and its treatment
Authors: Voronkova N. A. , Dontsova E. V. , Novikova L. A. , Borzunova L. N.
Published: March 2021

The review represents the analysis of modern data on the pathogenesis and methods of treatment of atopic dermatitis (AtD). The literature search was carried out using the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, e-library databases. AtD is one of the most common skin diseases, aff ecting about 20% of children and 5% of adults in advanced countries. The disease is multifactorial by its etiology. Among the genetic factors, the main attention is paid to the mutation of the gene encoding the synthesis of fi laggrin-protein involved in the functioning of the skin barrier. The role of cytokines regulating the synthesis of IgE — interleukins (IL) -4, -5, -12, -13, -31 is studied in the genesis of immune disorders in AtD. Steady-state stress accompanying pruritic dermatitis contributes to the development of anxiodepressive сonditions degrades quality of life, and stress-related increase of cortisol level may be essential in impairing the barrier function of the skin. Among the new approaches to the treatment of patients with AtD, the possibilities of using Selank, which represents the group of regulatory peptides and narrow-band phototherapy of the 311 nm range, are discussed.
Modern tendencies in the use of information and telecommunication technologies in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Bockeria L. A. , Sokolskaya M. A. , Shvartz V. A.
Published: March 2021

Cardiovascular diseases still occupy a leading position in the mortality rate in advanced countries and are the main cause of disability. The development of information and telecommunication technologies has led to qualitative changes in various spheres of society, including medicine. The concepts of "digital and e-health care", "telemedicine" have come to be widely used in clinical practice. Integration of "telecardiology" as one of the areas of digital healthcare into the clinic will bring apparent benefi ts to both, medical staff and patients.

The use of information and telecommunication technologies for the implementation of programs for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cardiac rehabilitation, monitoring of the cardiovascular system indicators, educational programs is relevant, promising and important.
Implementation of electrocardiography from the coronary sinus in interventional treatment of coronary arteries: two-year experience of clinical application of the method
Authors: Shevchenko Yu. L. , Ermakov D. Yu. , Marchak D. I.
Published: March 2021

The aimof this study was to summarize, systematize, and extend analysis of data of two-year clinical use of intracardiac ECG (ECG-CS) in patients with coronary artery disease.

Material and methods.131 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent a planned coronary stenting were included in a prospective study from 2018 till 2020 . Ischemia was monitored with the use of electrophysiological recording system with the following settings: combining electrodes into fi ve cathode-anode pairs with a frequency range of 30–500 Hz, signal cut-off of 1 cm, and an amplitude of 0.3 mV/cm.

Results.According to the ROC-analysis, the sensitivity of the ECG-СS method in case of ST segment depression was 79.5%, the specifi city was 100%; with ST segment elevation — 83% with a specifi city of 100%, according to data obtained in 88 patients with single-vessel disease of the coronary arteries (CA). Out of 43 patients with coronary artery disease, compromise of the diagonal branch and signifi cant ischemic dynamics (p < 0.05) in the intracardiac lead CS 3–4 after stent placement in the ADA according to ECG-CS was observed in 11 (25.6%) patients, in 9 (20.9%) of which successful provisional stenting was performed, and 2 (4 .6%) patients required implantation of the second stent.

Conclusion.ECG-CS is a promising method for detecting myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease and allows to optimize intervention in the area of coronary artery bifurcation.
Peculiar features of arterial hypertension state on the background of atherosclerosis (clinical and instrumental comparisons)
Authors: Kryukov E. V. , Potekhin N. P. , Fursov A. N. , Chernov S. A. , Zakharova E. G.
Published: March 2021

A comparative analysis of the clinical and functional state of patients with arterial hypertension (AH), depending on the presence or absence of arterial sclerotic disease of the arterial bed is represented. 2 groups of 110 and 60 patients respectively were formed. The 1st group included persons with arterial hypertension (AH) and atherosclerotic changes in the arterial bed, the 2nd — with hypertension and without any atherosclerotic changes. It is shown that patients with hypertension and stenotic changes of the vascular bed are characterized by an increase in the levels of diastolic blood pressure and indicators of systolic and diastolic pressure load during the day. They have signs of structural changes in the cardiovascular system, as proved by indicators of arterial stiff ness, myocardium remodeling, circadian rhythms of blood pressure abnormalities, and, in addition, kidney damage in a chronic form of disease, stage 2–3.

On the contrary, hypertension without atherosclerotic changes of the vascular bed is characterized by higher values of systolic blood pressure, increased variability of systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the day, and, in addition, atherogenic dislipoproteinemia and hyperuricemy within the metabolic syndrome are present. As a clinical sign of atherosclerotic vascular changes in patients with hypertension, more “severe” blood pressure is observed. It requires combined antihypertensive therapy, consisting of 3 or more groups of medications.
Iron metabolism, cytokine secretion in patients with rheumatologic pathology
Authors: Sakhin V. T. , Kryukov E. V. , Grigoryev M. A. , Kazakov S. P. , Sotnikov A. V. , Gordienko A. V. , Rukavitsyn O. A.
Published: March 2021

Aim.To study the eff ect of hepcidin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR ), and cytokines on iron metabolism and the development of anemia in rheumatologic patients, to propose a working version of the classifi cation of anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) according to the major nosotropic factor.

Material and methods.126 patients with rheumatic disease, 34 men (45.8 (36–54.9) years old), 92 women (49.5 (38–60) years old) were examined. Group 1 included 41 patients with ACD. Group 2 included 29 patients with the combination of ACD and IDA and 34 patients with iron defi ciency anemia (IDA). Group 3 included 34 patients with IDA and 29 — with the combination of ACD and IDA. Control group included 22 patients without anemia. Comparative analysis between groups with and without anemia and correlation analysis of hemogram parameters, iron metabolism, C-reactive protein (CRP), hepcidin, sTfR , interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-10, interferon gamma (INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were performed.

Results.In the ACD group, the concentrations of hepcidin, ferritin, CRP, IL-6 were increased in comparison with other groups. The correlation was revealed between erythrocytes, hemoglobin and IL-6 (r = −0.3 and −0.6), IL-10 (r = −0.4 and −0.4), INF-γ (r = −0.4 and −0.3), TNF-α (r = −0.3 and −0.3), hepcidin (r = −0.5 and −0.7), sTfR (r = −0.5 and −0.7). Dependence was shown between IL-6 and iron (r = –0.6), transferrin saturation index (TSI) (r = −0.5), ferritin (r = −0.5), CRP (r = 0.5), between TNF-α and TIBС (r = −0.6), transferrin (r = −0.6), ferritin (r = −0.7), between IL-1β and TIBC, ferritin, transferrin (r = −0.4). The correlation was noted between hepcidin and IL-6 (r = 0.5), IL-10 (r = 0.4), between sTfR and IL-6 (r = 0.4), IL-10 (r = 0.6), INF-γ (r = 0.4).

Conclusion.The multicomponent genesis of anemia in patients with rheumatologic disease was detected. The signifi cance of disorders in iron metabolism, the eff ect of hepcidin, sTfR and cytokines on the development of anemia was found. A working version of ACD classifi cation (with a predominant iron defi ciency, with violations of the regulatory mechanisms of erythropoiesis, with insuffi cient production of erythropoietin) has been put forward.
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis as an extrahepatic manifestation of HCV infec- tion
Authors: Geraskin A. E. , Mosina L. M. , Chegodaeva L. V.
Published: March 2021

The problem of viral hepatitis C remains highly relevant despite the recent signifi cant advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Chronic hepatitis C is a systemic disease with extrahepatic manifestations. Autoimmune processes leading to cryoglobulinemia can contribute to their development. Basic clinical manifestations include cutaneous vasculitis with palpable purpura, arthralgia-myalgia, neuropathy, and renal complications such as glomerulonephritis. Polyneuropathies develop much earlier than hepatic encephalopathy, which is characteristic of liver damage. A clinical case represented in the article was noted in a patient with a long-term course of viral hepatitis C, manifested with pronounced neurological symptoms and the development of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. In this case, of all the applied methods of treatment, only adequately conducted antiviral therapy contributed to the stabilization of the clinical manifestations of cryoglobulinemia. The promptness of antiviral therapy is of signifi cant importance, since it is a possibility to prevent the development of severe autoimmune pathology.
A view on coronovirus infection based on the Titov’s phylogenetic theory of general pathology
Authors: Govsha Yu. A.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the creation of the prevention of severe course of COVID-19 molecular model from the standpoint of the Titov’s phylogenetic theory of general pathology. The role of the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems in the severe course of COVID-19 is discussed. Using the example of activation of the renin-angiotensin system in non-communicable diseases, the importance of controlling traditional risk factors for the prevention of severe COVID-19 is shown.
In memory of Anatoly Leonidovich Rakov
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: March 2021

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“Aku Yang Bisu Telah Bersuara”: Tafsir Feminis Terhadap Yohanes 7:53-8:1-11
Authors: Salmanu Rahel , Patty Febby Nancy , Alakaman Marlen T.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Theviolence and injustice that often occurs toward women is partly due tobiased Bible texts interpretation and sometimes androcentric. For example, John 7: 53-8: 1-11, about a woman who was committed an adultery,the interpretation, by the traditional approach, emphasizes on Jesus’ act of love and forgiveness toward the woman. This article aimed to explore the narration from the perspective of feminist by using E.S. Fiorenza methodology to uncover the woman's silence in the text. Through this study, it was found that the silence act of the women is for describing a patriarchal culture that dominates and unfair to women. Jesus' defense to this woman was at the same time as a critique for the dominant oppressive power.Abstrak. Praktik kekerasan dan ketidakadilan yang sering terjadi terhadap kaum perempuan salah satunya karena penafsiran terhadap teks-teks Alkitab yang bias dan berfokus pada sudut pandang kaum laki-laki (androsentris). Sebagai contoh teks Yohanes 7:53-8:1-11 tentang perempuan yang berzinah, dalam pendekatan tradisional, fokus penafsiran menekankan aspek iman yang hanya berfokus pada karya Yesus melalui tindakan kasih dan pengampunan terhadap perempuan tersebut. Artikel ini berupaya menelisik sisi yang berbeda yakni dari perspektif perempuan (korban), dengan menggunakan langkah metodologis yang digunakan oleh E.S. Fiorenza untuk mengungkapkan makna kebisuan perempuan dalam teks tersebut. Melalui kajian tersebut diperoleh makna bahwa kebisuan perempuan tersebut menggambarkan budaya patriarkhi yang mendominasi dan tidak adil terhadap kaum perempuan. Pembelaan Yesus terhadap perempuan tersebut sekaligus sebagai kritik terhadap kekuasaan dominan yang menindas.
Pengaruh Pemberian Minuman Energi Terhadap Kadar Serum Kreatinin Rattus Norvegicus
Authors: Santo Budi , Simamora Dorta
Published: March 2021

The energy drink is a beverage that is increasingly being used by the community with the aim to improve work performance, vitality, and concentration. The energy drink is also suspected to affect kidney function. This study aims to determine whether there is influence of various brands of energy drinks (M1, M2, M3, M4) of the serum creatinine levels in male rats Rattus norvegicus.This is a study with randomized post test only control group design. The study used male rats Rattus norvegicus as many as 25 animals that were divided into 5 groups. The control group, the group P1 = M1 energy drinks, group P2 = M2 energy drinks, group P3 = M3 energy drinks, group P4 = M4 energy drinks. The energy drinks were given as many as 2.5 ml / 200 g weight / day for 1 month. Cardiac blood sampling performed to measure the levels of serum creatinine and then the results were analyzed using One-Way Anova to compare the levels of serum creatinine in each group of this study. Results of One-Way Anova test obtained by sig α = 0.000 which means there is significant difference between the treatment group and the control group. It can be concluded that the administration of energy drinks to the Rattus norvegicus would be altered the kidney function. It is caused by various substances contained in energy drinks such as taurine, sugar, vitamin B, caffeine, and other supplementary materials.
Pengaruh Spirulina terhadap Kadar beta hCG Tikus Bunting yang Diinduksi Interleukin-6 (Studi Bahan Biologis Tersimpan)
Authors: Gondo Harry K , Haryanti Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

Preeclampsia is multisystem specific disorder in pregnancy. Preeclampsia characterized by increased cytokine Interleukin-6 and β hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotropin). Spirulina is green-blue alga contain antioxidant, vitamin, mineral. Spirulina has a potential effect as antiinflammation. The aim of this research was to know effect of spirulina to repair trophoblast at β hCG level of pregnant rats with preeclampsia condition (biology material collecting). The type of this research is an experimental laboratory with post-test only control group design. Preeclampsia models induced by Interleukin-6. Twenty-five rats were grouped to five group: Control, Control Positive, Spirulina dose 10, 20, and 40 mg/day, at the end of treatment, β hCG level were analyzed. Statistical analysis was used by one-way ANOVA. The results of this study showed that β hCG level of group spirulina dose 10 mg/day (85.11 ± 25.70 mIU/ml) did not significantly different (p=0.353), with group Dose 20 mg/day (79.65 ± 10.65 mIU/ml). Level of β hCG in Spirulina group dose 40 mg/day were 93.28 ± 17.12 mIU/ml. The spirulina groups dose 10 mg/day and dose 40 mg/day did not show significantly different level of β hCG (0.730> 0.05). Administration of spirulina at a dose of 10 mg was able to significantly reduce levels of β hCG (P <0.05) than at doses of 20 mg / day and 40 mg/ day.
Deteksi Kandungan Nitrit dan Hidrogen Peroksida dalam Produk Sarang Burung Walet Bersih Asal Indonesia
Authors: Ningrum Siti Gusti
Published: March 2021

The objective was to investigate nitrite contents of edible bird’s nest product for human consumption. The investigated edible bird’s nest included 19 samples from multiple lots of commercially local products. Nitrite concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry. Nitrite was detected in low concentration (10.752±1.515 ppm). Detection of adulteration which is residue of hydrogen peroxide was conducted in the present study. Hydrogen peroxide was detected by rapid test which specific for hydrogen peroxide. From 19 sample tested, there was no residue of hydrogen peroxide contained in the products. These results provide new information for evaluating nitrite and hydrogen peroxide in local edible bird’s nest products regarding potential public health consequences.
Perbedaan Kadar Leukosit dan Limfosit Paska Pemberian Kombinasi Vitamin B Parenteral Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik dengan Hemodialisis
Authors: Pinzon Rizaldy Taslim , Novitasari Ester , Wuryaningsih Nining Sri
Published: March 2021

Chronic kidney disease is a disease in which kidney function decreases progressively irreversibly with various etiologies. Patients with chronic kidney disease are generally immunosuppressed and susceptible to infection. Some of the causes are abnormalities in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes. The results of several studies indicate that patients undergoing hemodialysis have low levels of water-soluble vitamins. A decrease in the number of leukocytes can also occur due to a decrease in neutrophils and lymphocytes which may be caused by deficiency of vitamins B6 and B12 due to hemodialysis. This study aims to measure the difference in levels of leukocytes and lymphocytes after parenteral vitamin B combination administration in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis This research is a quasi-experimental design, One Group Pretest Posttest, on 115 selected patients. Patients were given vitamin B1 ,B6 ,B12 parenterally every time doing hemodialysis, twice a week given for 1 month during hemodialysis. The data were taken in the form of leukocyte count, patient lymphocyte percentage, and absolute lymphocyte concentration. The intervention of vitamins B1, B6, B12 was given parenterally to the patient. After collect the data, the leukocyte counts, lymphocyte percentage and absolute lymphocyte concentration before and after the intervention were seen, then it was seen how the effect of parenteral administration of vitamins B1 ,B6 ,B12 on the leukocyte count, lymphocyte percentage and absolute lymphocyte concentration in patients undergoing hemodialysis. From the results of the study, there were 115 patients consisted of 72 men (62.6%) and 43 women (37.4%). There was a difference and effect of giving combination vitamin B in the form of a significant change in the mean number of leukocytes at visits 1-2 with p-value = 0.033. There was a change in the mean of lymphocyte percentage and absolute lymphocyte concentration after administering vitamins B1, B6 ,B12 , but the changes were not significant.
Efektivitas Antidiabetes Fraksi Air Daun Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk.) terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah dan Sekresi Insulin pada Tikus Model Diabetes
Authors: Febriyanto Geri , Saleh Mgs. Irsan , Theodorus Theodorus
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the water fraction of caramunting leaves (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk). Against a decrease in blood glucose levels 2 hours post prandial and an increase in insulin levels of male white rats induced by streptozotocin. This research is an in vivo laboratory experimental research. The subjects of this study were 30 male white rats divided into 5 groups, namely positive control using glibenclamide, negative control using Na CMC, treatment group using caramunting leaf water fraction 70mg/ KgBB, 140mg/ KgBB, and 280mg / KgBB. The results showed that the caramunting leaf water fraction group was 70mg/ KgBB. 140mg/ KgBB, and 280m / KgBB effectively reduce blood glucose levels 2 hours post prandial and increase insulin levels. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the water fraction of caramunting leaves (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk). Effectively reducing blood glucose levels 2 hours post prandial and increasing insulin levels with a dose of 280mg / KgBB is the most effective dose.
Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi (GCMN): Sebuah Laporan Kasus Langka
Authors: Yonathan Erico Lemuel , Darmawan Hari
Published: March 2021

Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi (GCMN) is a nevus which present at birth or arise within the first few weeks of life. Incidence of GCMN is estimated at below 1:20.000 newborns. Lesion of GCMN usually appears with a black or brownish plaque and may have abnormal borders, flat or protruding surface and hypertrichosis. Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevi (GCMN) is associated with malignant melanoma and neurocutaneous melanocytosis. A male newborn baby is reported to have a giant black hairy plaque, with irregular shape in his head since born. Patient was born naturally, full term, and normal birth weight. The mother has no medication consumption and disease history during pregnancy. In our three years follow up, there are multiple black patches with smaller size in front right and left leg, and the back of the body. The GCMN treatment consists of surgical and non-surgical procedures, psychological support, and lifelong monitoring. In this case, further examination and observation are needed.
Penyakit Ginjal Polikistik disertai Anemia Hemolitik Autoimun
Authors: Marisa Yossa Tamia , Harun Harnavi , Harun Harnavi , Harun Harnavi
Published: March 2021

The hereditary forms of polycystic kidney disease of autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD) are the main forms. ADPKD is a multifactorial disorder characterized by bilateral renal cysts and commonly affects adult patients. The most common extrarenal manifestations of ADPKD are liver cysts and is often incidental findings and clinically insignificant. A case report has been reported with polycystic disease in the kidneys and liver with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. ADPKD is a progressive disease and symptoms tend to get worse over time. ADPKD involves managing the symptoms and slowing disease progression. The most serious complication of ADPKD is end stage kidney failure. This aim of this study were to determine the symptoms and laboratory tests that confirm the diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease accompanied by autoimmune hemolytic anemia.