bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Population of TIM4+FOLR2+ Macrophages Localized in Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Correlates to an Active Immune Infiltrate Across Several Cancer Types
Authors: Bugatti Mattia , Bergamini Marco , Missale Francesco , Monti Matilde , Ardighieri Laura , Pezzali Irene , Picinoli Sara , Caronni Nicoletta , Missolo-Koussou Yoann , Helft Julie , Benvenuti Federica , Vermi William
Published: September 2022

TIM4 has previously been associated with antitumor immunity, yet the pattern of expression and the function of this receptor across human cancer tissues remain poorly explored. Here we combined extensive immunolabeling of human tissues with in silico analysis of pan-cancer transcriptomic data sets to explore the clinical significance of TIM4 expression. Our results unveil that TIM4 is expressed on a fraction of cavity macrophages (CATIM4+MΦ) of carcinoma patients. Moreover, we uncover a high expression of TIM4 on macrophages of the T-cell zone of the carcinoma-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSTIM4+MΦ). In silico analysis of a pan-cancer data set revealed a positive correlation between TIM4 expression and markers of B cells, effector CD8+ T cells, and a 12-chemokine signature defining tertiary lymphoid structure. In addition, TLSTIM4+MΦ were enriched in cancers displaying microsatellite instability and high CD8+ T-cell infiltration, confirming their association with immune-reactive tumors. Both CATIM4+MΦ and TLSTIM4+MΦ express FOLR2, a marker of tissue-resident MΦ. However, CATIM4+MΦ had a higher expression of the immunosuppressive molecules TREM2, IL10, and TGFβ as compared with TLSTIM4+MΦ. By analyzing a scRNA sequence data set of tumor-associated myeloid cells, we identified two TIM4+FOLR2+ clusters coherent with CATIM4+MΦ and TLSTIM4+MΦ. We defined specific gene signatures for each subset and found that the CATIM4+ MΦ signature was associated with worse patient survival. In contrast, TLSTIM4+MΦ gene signature positively correlates with a better prognosis. Together, these data illustrate that TIM4 marks two distinct macrophage populations with distinct phenotypes and tissue localization and that may have opposing roles in tumor immunity.
Mind the B2: Life-Threatening Neonatal Complications of a Strict Vegan Diet during Pregnancy
Authors: Jaeger Bregje , Corpeleijn Willemijn , Dijsselhof Monique , Goorden Susan , Haverkamp Jorien , Langeveld Mirjam , Waterham Hans , Westerbeek Elisabeth , Bosch Annet M.
Published: September 2022

An increasing number of women of reproductive age follow vegan diets. Because vegan diets are deficient in a number of essential nutrients, guidelines address the necessity of supplementations such as iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. However, the risk of riboflavin (vitamin B2) deficiency is not properly addressed. We report a case of a male neonate with a life-threatening hypoglycaemia and lactic acidosis due to severe riboflavin deficiency. The mother followed a strict vegan diet with intermittent use of supplements (folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin D, omega 3). This case highlights the importance of adequate counselling of all pregnant women adhering to vegan diets to ensure sufficient intake of essential nutrients and vitamins, including riboflavin.
Testicular Seminoma Presenting as Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Rare Cause of Metastatic Disease in the Stomach
Authors: Silva Maria Azevedo , Leal Carina , Ruge André , Fernandes Alexandra , Cunha Maria Fernanda , Vasconcelos Helena
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Gastric metastases are quite infrequent. When arising from testicular germ cell tumors, gastric metastases are usually associated with nonseminomas. Case Report: A 45-year-old man presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, severe anemia, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase. Endoscopy revealed three atypical-looking gastric ulcers. Abdominal computed tomography showed an extensive heterogeneous retroperitoneal mass and a smaller one in the pelvis. Biopsies of both the ulcers and the retroperitoneal mass revealed a highly proliferative neoplasia of unknown origin. While the diagnostic work up was taking place, the patient complained of a testicular mass which was resected, after suspicious findings in the ultrasound. Histopathologic findings revealed a testicular seminoma. Revision of previous biopsies was compatible with metastatic seminoma to the stomach and the retroperitoneum. Discussion/Conclusion: Gastric metastasis arising from testicular seminoma is quite infrequent and usually diagnosed after the primary tumor is known. We report a rare case of a testicular seminoma presenting as upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastric metastases. This case highlights the importance of detailed anamnesis and physical examination in the differential diagnosis of atypical gastric ulcers with initial inconclusive work up and emphasizes an unusual manifestation of a germ cell malignancy.
A Case of Nonsmall-Cell Lung Cancer with Anaphylaxis after 41 Courses of Pembrolizumab along with Adrenal Insufficiency as an Immune-Related Adverse Event
Authors: Nakamura Tomoaki , Imai Ryosuke , Nishimura Naoki
Published: September 2022

In this report, we present a case of nonsmall-cell lung cancer with anaphylaxis after 41 courses of pembrolizumab along with adrenal insufficiency as an immune-related adverse event (irAE). A 73-year-old man with no allergic disease started pembrolizumab for postoperative recurrence of lung cancer. After four courses, tumor shrinkage was observed and maintained thereafter. After the 39th course, his serum sodium level and random serum cortisol level decreased. Adrenal insufficiency was considered; however, the patient was asymptomatic. Furthermore, his serum sodium level improved spontaneously; therefore, he was followed up. At the end of the 40th course, rhinorrhea and pharyngeal discomfort were noted; however, they were mild and resolved spontaneously. Immediately after administration of the 41st course, he developed pembrolizumab-induced anaphylaxis with percutaneous oxygen saturation decreased. The symptoms quickly improved after intramuscular adrenaline were administered and did not recur. Three months after discharge, the patient was urgently examined for vomiting and anorexia. His serum sodium levels decreased to 119 mEq/L, and an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test was performed. It showed a low response, and the patient was diagnosed with secondary adrenal insufficiency as an irAE of pembrolizumab and treated with hydrocortisone, which quickly improved his serum sodium levels and symptoms. When adrenal insufficiency develops due to irAEs, patients may be susceptible to allergic reactions.
Lifestyle Behaviors in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study following a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rotter Gabriele , Teut Michael , Binting Sylvia , Michalsen Andreas , Ortiz Miriam , Brinkhaus Benno
Published: September 2022

Background: The severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with lifestyle behaviors such as exercise, relaxation techniques, and dietary or nutritional adjustments. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of self-initiated exercise, relaxation techniques, and dietary or nutritional adjustments and their perceived benefits in patients with AD. Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional study was performed in May 2019 with 115 AD patients who participated in a threearmed randomized controlled trial (the CAMATOP study). Data on lifestyle behaviors in the three domains of exercise, relaxation techniques, and dietary or nutritional adjustments and their perceived benefits were collected anonymously by a questionnaire and exploratively evaluated. Results: A total of 58 (50.4%) patients responded and were included in the analyses. Within the previous 4 months, 54 (93.1%) respondents had performed exercise, and 24 (41.4%) respondents had used a relaxation technique. A total of 44 (75.9%) respondents had adjusted their diet or nutrition intake due to AD. Exercise, relaxation techniques, and dietary or nutritional adjustments were rated as helpful by most respondents (57.4%, 87.0%, and 95.1%, respectively). Overall, 54 (93.1%) respondents adopted at least one lifestyle factor, and 13 (22.4%) adopted a lifestyle factor in all three domains. Conclusion: In our sample, AD patients often adopted lifestyle behaviors such as exercise, relaxation techniques, diet and nutrition and perceived relaxation techniques and nutritional adjustments as helpful. Further high-quality cohort studies and prospective clinical trials should evaluate the benefits and possible risks of potentially healthy lifestyle behaviors in AD patients.
Physician Wellness in Academic Cardiovascular Medicine: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Bradley Elisa A. , Winchester David , Alfonso Carlos E. , Carpenter Andrea J. , Cohen Meryl S. , Coleman Dawn M. , Jacob Miriam , Jneid Hani , Leal Miguel A. , Mahmoud Zainab , Mehta Laxmi S. , Sivaram Chittur A. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Fellows in Training and Early Career Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young; and Stroke Council
Published: September 2022

Academic medicine as a practice model provides unique benefits to society. Clinical care remains an important part of the academic mission; however, equally important are the educational and research missions. More specifically, the sustainability of health care in the United States relies on an educated and expertly trained physician workforce directly provided by academic medicine models. Similarly, the research charge to deliver innovation and discovery to improve health care and to cure disease is key to academic missions. Therefore, to support and promote the growth and sustainability of academic medicine, attracting and engaging top talent from fellows in training and early career faculty is of vital importance. However, as the health care needs of the nation have risen, clinicians have experienced unprecedented demand, and individual wellness and burnout have been examined more closely. Here, we provide a close look at the unique drivers of burnout in academic cardiovascular medicine and propose system-level and personal interventions to support individual wellness in this model.
Predicting Identity-Preserving Object Transformations in Human Posterior Parietal Cortex and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Mocz Viola , Vaziri-Pashkam Maryam , Chun Marvin , Xu Yaoda
Published: September 2022

Previous research shows that, within human occipito-temporal cortex (OTC), we can use a general linear mapping function to link visual object responses across nonidentity feature changes, including Euclidean features (e.g., position and size) and non-Euclidean features (e.g., image statistics and spatial frequency). Although the learned mapping is capable of predicting responses of objects not included in training, these predictions are better for categories included than those not included in training. These findings demonstrate a near-orthogonal representation of object identity and nonidentity features throughout human OTC. Here, we extended these findings to examine the mapping across both Euclidean and non-Euclidean feature changes in human posterior parietal cortex (PPC), including functionally defined regions in inferior and superior intraparietal sulcus. We additionally examined responses in five convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pretrained with object classification, as CNNs are considered as the current best model of the primate ventral visual system. We separately compared results from PPC and CNNs with those of OTC. We found that a linear mapping function could successfully link object responses in different states of nonidentity transformations in human PPC and CNNs for both Euclidean and non-Euclidean features. Overall, we found that object identity and nonidentity features are represented in a near-orthogonal, rather than complete-orthogonal, manner in PPC and CNNs, just like they do in OTC. Meanwhile, some differences existed among OTC, PPC, and CNNs. These results demonstrate the similarities and differences in how visual object information across an identity-preserving image transformation may be represented in OTC, PPC, and CNNs.
Is There an Activity-silent Working Memory?
Authors: Oberauer Klaus , Awh Edward
Published: September 2022

Although storage in working memory (WM) can be tracked via measurements of ongoing neural activity, past work has shown that observers can maintain access to that information despite temporary interruptions of those neural patterns. This observation has been regarded as evidence for a neurally silent form of WM storage. Alternatively, however, unattended information could be retrieved from episodic long-term memory (eLTM) rather than being maintained in WM during the activity-silent period. Here, we tested between these possibilities by examining whether WM performance showed evidence of proactive interference (PI)—a hallmark of retrieval from eLTM—following such interruptions. Participants remembered the colors (Experiments 1–3) or locations (Experiment 4) of serially presented objects. We found PI for set sizes larger than 4, but not for smaller set sizes, suggesting that eLTM may have supported performance when WM capacity was exceeded. Critically, performance with small set sizes remained resistant to PI, even following prolonged interruptions by a challenging distractor task. Thus, we found evidence for PI-resistant memories that were maintained across likely interruptions of storage-related neural activity, an empirical pattern that implies activity-silent storage in WM.
Fahrenholz’s rule is not a valid methodology for determining species limits in chewing lice (Psocodea, Phthiraptera)
Authors: GUSTAFSSON DANIEL R. , NAJER TOMAS
Published: September 2022

During the 20th century, the taxonomy and classification of chewing lice (Psocodea, Phthiraptera) was under the influence of Fahrenholz’s rule, which states that louse and host phylogenies should mirror each other. Strict implementation of this rule lead to the description of countless taxa based on host associations, with little or no other distinguishing characteristics. Recent data from a multitude of sources indicate that the underlying assumptions of this theory are flawed and that this methodology is therefore not consistent with best practices in louse taxonomy, identification and classification. Here, we summarize the historical development of Fahrenholz’s rule and associated parasitophyletic rules, the evidence for and against these rules, and the pervasiveness of these rules throughout the 20th century. We conclude that the evidence against Fahrenholz’s rule is so overwhelming, that it cannot be recommended as a basis for future investigations, except as a null hypothesis to be tested. Cases where Fahrenholz’s rule applies may exist, but we recommend that each case is examined on its own merits, based on data derived from the lice themselves, and not from preconceived ideas of host specificity or strict adherence to co-speciation between lice and their hosts.
Ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) of the Vitoria-Trindade Chain, Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: LUZ NATHÁLIA CARVALHO DA , COIMBRA JOÃO CARLOS
Published: September 2022

The current work is part of a taxonomic study on ostracods from Trindade Island and four seamount summits of the Vitoria-Trindade Chain. Twenty-six species belonging to nine families and 17 genera were identified. Five species are described as new, as follows: two Cytheruridae (Hemicytherura trindadensis sp. nov., Semicytherura parva sp. nov.) and three Loxoconchidae (Loxocorniculum micropapillosum sp. nov., Phlyctocythere christophei sp. nov., Phlyctocythere apua sp. nov.). The other taxa are being studied in an ongoing survey.
A new genus of Psychodini (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Neotropical region
Authors: VIEIRA GABRIEL SANTOS , CORDEIRO DANILO PACHECO , BRAVO FREDDY , ARAÚJO MAÍRA XAVIER
Published: September 2022

A new genus of Psychodini, Wagneromyia gen. nov. is described, based on examination of males from the State of Acre in the Brazilian Amazon. The new genus is described to accommodate a new species, Wagneromyia aquiri sp. nov., type of the genus, and six Central American species previously described in Philosepedon Eaton: Wagneromyia bicalcarata (Quate, 1996) comb. nov., Wagneromyia deceptrix (Quate, 1996) comb. nov., Wagneromyia dimorpha (Quate, 1996) comb. nov., Wagneromyia majorina (Quate, 1996) comb. nov., Wagneromyia tripetala (Quate, 1996) comb. nov., and Wagneromyia tritenacula (Quate, 1996) comb. nov. An identification key for the species of the new genus is presented.
Phylogenetic relationships among species of Tigriopus (Multicrustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida) with comments on its biogeography
Authors: NAZARI FATEMEH , GÓMEZ SAMUEL
Published: September 2022

Here we present some hypothetical phylogenetic relationships and the evolutionary history of the harpacticoid copepod genus Tigriopus Norman, 1869 using morphological data. Cladistic analyses were performed with 21 morphological characters, including 15 ingroup and eight outgroup species. Inferred topology from Bayesian inference supported the monophyletic status of the genus, and revealed two main evolutionary lineages. One of these lineages (the brachydactylus-iagi lineage) comprises species from the Indo-Pacific, the northern Pacific, the southern Pacific, and the southern Atlantic; it is supported by the tetrasetose female P5 endopod. The fulvus-angulatus lineage is composed of three clusters with species from the north Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea (the fulvus-brevicornis clade), the northwestern Pacific and the Indo-Pacific (the japonicus-sirindhoranae clade), and from the southern Pacific, the Indian Ocean, and the Southern Ocean (the crozettensis-angulatus clade). The groundpattern of the mandibular basis of the fulvus-angulatus lineage seems to include a bisetose mandibular basis, and, the presence of three setae on this segment in the japonicus-sirindhoranae clade is interpreted here as a character reversal. Biogeographic analyses suggest that the tropical Indo-Pacific region is the most probable ancestral area of the genus that diversified through vicariance events.
Two new «nosed» species of the genus Megalothorax (Collembola: Neelidae) from Russia
Authors: PANINA KSENIYA , BABENKO ANATOLY , POTAPOV MIKHAIL
Published: September 2022

Two new species with forehead processes are described from the east of the European part and Western Siberia. Megalothorax processus sp. nov. has a long cuticular process extended at the tip. The cuticular process in M. roseus sp. nov. is formed by a group of four papillae. Two other species, M. potapovi Schneider, Porco & Deharveng, 2016 and M. sanctistephani Christian, 1998, with a “nose” in the frontal part of the head are known from the Far East of Russia and West Europe, respectively. The «noses» probably arise independently in the four species; their function is unclear. Apart from the form of the forehead processes M. processus sp. nov. differs from M. roseus sp. nov. by the shape of sensilla within sensory fields (flame-shaped vs. globular) and the absence of chaeta а0 (vs. present in M. roseus sp. nov.). Chaetotaxy of the frontal part of the head and abdomen is reduced in both species.
Spring Land Temperature in Tibetan Plateau and Global-Scale Summer Precipitation: Initialization and Improved Prediction
Authors: Xue Yongkang , Diallo Ismaila , Boone Aaron A. , Yao Tandong , Zhang Yang , Zeng Xubin , Neelin J. David , Lau William K. M. , Pan Yan , Liu Ye , Pan Xiaoduo , Tang Qi , Oevelen Peter J. van , Sato Tomonori , Koo Myung-Seo , Materia Stefano , Shi Chunxiang , Yang Jing , Ardilouze Constantin , Lin Zhaohui , Qi Xin , Nakamura Tetsu , Saha Subodh K. , Senan Retish , Takaya Yuhei , Wang Hailan , Zhang Hongliang , Zhao Mei , Nayak Hara Prasad , Chen Qiuyu , Feng Jinming , Brunke Michael A. , Fan Tianyi , Hong Songyou , Nobre Paulo , Peano Daniele , Qin Yi , Vitart Frederic , Xie Shaocheng , Zhan Yanling , Klocke Daniel , Leung Ruby , Li Xin , Ek Michael , Guo Weidong , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Bao Qing , Chou Sin Chan , Rosnay Patricia de , Lin Yanluan , Zhu Yuejian , Qian Yun , Zhao Ping , Tang Jianping , Liang Xin-Zhong , Hong Jinkyu , Ji Duoying , Ji Zhenming , Qiu Yuan , Sugimoto Shiori , Wang Weicai , Yang Kun , Yu Miao
Published: September 2022

Subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) precipitation prediction in boreal spring and summer months, which contains a significant number of high-signal events, is scientifically challenging and prediction skill has remained poor for years. Tibetan Plateau (TP) spring observed surface ­temperatures show a lag correlation with summer precipitation in several remote regions, but current global land–atmosphere coupled models are unable to represent this behavior due to significant errors in producing observed TP surface temperatures. To address these issues, the Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) program launched the “Impact of Initialized Land Temperature and Snowpack on Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Prediction” (LS4P) initiative as a community effort to test the impact of land temperature in high-mountain regions on S2S prediction by climate models: more than 40 institutions worldwide are participating in this project. After using an innovative new land state initialization approach based on observed surface 2-m temperature over the TP in the LS4P experiment, results from a multimodel ensemble provide evidence for a causal relationship in the observed association between the Plateau spring land temperature and summer precipitation over several regions across the world through teleconnections. The influence is underscored by an out-of-phase oscillation between the TP and Rocky Mountain surface temperatures. This study reveals for the first time that high-mountain land temperature could be a substantial source of S2S precipitation predictability, and its effect is probably as large as ocean surface temperature over global “hotspot” regions identified here; the ensemble means in some “hotspots” produce more than 40% of the observed anomalies. This LS4P approach should stimulate more follow-on explorations.
Supercell-External Storms and Boundaries Acting as Catalysts for Tornadogenesis
Authors: Fischer Jannick , Dahl Johannes M. L.
Published: September 2022

It has long been observed that interactions of a supercell with other storms or storm-scale boundaries sometimes seem to directly instigate tornadogenesis. First, the authors explore the frequency of such constructive interactions. Radar data from WSR-88D are used to categorize 136 tornadic supercells into isolated supercells and supercells that interacted with external factors within 20 min before tornadogenesis. Most cases (80%) showed some form of external influence prior to tornadogenesis. Common patterns of interactions, the typical supercell quadrant that is affected, and changes in azimuthal shear are also identified. To further study these interactions, two sets of idealized Cloud Model 1 (CM1) simulations are performed. The first set demonstrates that the speed of the near-ground horizontal flow relative to the updraft can control whether a vortex patch develops into a tornado. A weaker updraft-relative flow is favorable because the developing vortex stays in the updraft region longer and becomes less tilted. Building on these results, it is shown that external outflow can lead to tornado formation by a deceleration of the updraft-relative flow. The deceleration is caused by the pressure gradient force associated with the external outflow, which is already noticeable several kilometers ahead of the outflow boundary. This offers one possible mechanism by which external outflow can act as a catalyst for supercell tornadogenesis.
The First COVID-19 Pandemic Wave and the Effect on Health Care Trainees: A National Survey Study
Authors: Liu Helen H. , Petrone Patrizio , Akerman Meredith , Howell Raelina S. , Morel Andrew H. , Sohail Amir H. , Alsamarraie Cindy , Brathwaite Barbara , Kinzler Wendy , Maurer James , Brathwaite Collin E. M.
Published: September 2022

Background

This study observes the trends and patterns among trainees during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and their response to resident education and hospital/program support.

Methods

An anonymous online 31-question survey was distributed to medical students and postgraduate year residents. Topics included were demographics, clinical responsibilities, educational/curricula changes, and trainee wellness. Descriptive analysis was performed for each set of demographic groupings as well as 2 and 3 group comparisons.

Results

Total 1051 surveys collected, 930 used for analysis: 373 (40.1%) male, 434 (46.6%) aged 30-34 years, 588 (63.2%) white, 417 (44.8%) married, 168 (18%) with children, and 323 (34.7%) from the Northeast region. The Northeast experienced difficulty sleeping, feelings of guilt, hopelessness, and changes in appetite ( P = .0077). The pandemic interfered significantly with relationships and living situations ( P < .0001). Trainees 18-34 years believed the pandemic affected residency training ( P < .0001). Surgical residents were concerned about reaching numbers of operative procedures to graduate ( P < .0001). Residency programs adhered to ACGME work restrictions ( P < .0001).

Conclusion

We aim to provide continued educational support for our trainees’ clinical development and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Smoke and mirrors: Support from psychiatrists for nicotine e-cigarette availability in Australia
Authors: McKeon Gemma , Scott James G
Published: September 2022

The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists’ (RANZCP) 2018 position statement supports increased, regulated availability of e-cigarettes (ECs) as a harm-reduction measure and recommends further research into their use. Aligned with this recommendation, we aimed to critically evaluate the RANZCP’s stance on this issue through a literature review focused on the areas identified in the position statement as requiring further investigation: (1) the adverse health effects attributable to ECs; (2) use of ECs for smoking cessation (particularly for people living with severe mental illness); and (3) EC-associated risks for nicotine naïve young people. We identified and summarised evidence of harm attributable to ECs that is particularly relevant to young people through direct adverse health sequelae, onset of nicotine dependence and increased risk of combustible cigarette (CC) use. A small number of studies suggest ECs can be used for harm-reduction purposes in people diagnosed with nicotine dependence and severe mental illness. However, these results must be considered alongside robust evidence supporting the effectiveness of existing pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation in people with severe mental illness. The position statement is in urgent need of review in line with the available evidence.
Organising populism: From symbolic power to symbolic violence
Authors: Kerr Ron , Robinson Sarah , Śliwa Martyna
Published: September 2022

This article contributes to developing a management and organisation studies perspective on political organising by focusing on: (a) populism; (b) the exercise of political power; and (c) the organisation of politics. We address two questions: in what ways have English populist politicians in the 20th and 21st centuries utilised language along with other aspects of campaign organising to build and enhance their symbolic power? And: how do populist political organisations convert symbolic power into symbolic violence? Drawing on a range of concepts from Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology, most specifically his work on symbolic power, symbolic violence, political ontology and the performativity of language, we conduct a comparative analysis of texts from four waves of right-wing English populism culminating in Brexit. We develop a three-step framework to explain the organisation of right-wing populism via what we term populist political methodology: (1) establishing the symbolic power of the leader and the message; (2) organising power and the division of labour of domination; and (3) reinforcing symbolic violence in targeted sections of society. Understanding how populist politics is organised can support us in resisting, challenging and disrupting right-wing populism, providing lessons for organisations campaigning against racism and xenophobia.
Arms, Conventional Wisdom, and Public Health Prevention
Authors: Benach Joan , Muntaner Carles
Published: September 2022

Every year, 8 million small arms and 15 billion rounds of ammunition are manufactured in the world. Every day, 700 people worldwide (more than 2.5 million in a decade) die from firearms such as pistols, shotguns, assault rifles, or machine guns. Between 1968 and 2011, there were 1.4 million gun-related deaths in the United States (including suicides, homicides, and accidents) compared with 1.2 million North American deaths in all wars. This article looks at the historic and cultural context that has generated and shaped the U.S.'s “gun culture” and prevailing mentality regarding the right to bear arms, critiquing the vision that such a pro-arms mentality is an intrinsic and unchangeable element of U.S. culture. It exposes the neoliberal roots of the current U.S. gun violence epidemic, asking the question of “why?” in order to move toward an alternative conventional wisdom and overcome this urgent public health crisis in the U.S. and elsewhere.
Youths’ attitudes toward open discussion of suicide, preferred contexts, and the impact of Internet use: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study in Hong Kong
Authors: Chen Sikky Shiqi , Lam Tai Pong , Lam Kwok Fai , Lo Tak Lam , Chao David Vai Kiong , Mak Ki Yan , Lam Edmund Wing Wo , Tang Wai Sin , Chan Hoi Yan , Yip Paul Siu Fai
Published: September 2022

Background:

Although the necessity and benefits of having the open and public discussion about suicide have been recognized, youths’ opinions regarding such discussion remain unknown.

Aims:

To explore youths’ attitudes toward open suicide discussion, particularly concerning their preference of discussion contexts and impacts of Internet use.

Method:

This exploratory sequential mixed-methods study targeted Hong Kong youths aged 15 to 19. A total of six focus groups and 12 individual interviews were held ( N = 40). Topics included adolescents’ views of open suicide discussion, concerns, perceived benefits, and preferred contexts. The questionnaire survey ( N = 1,676) was conducted subsequently to investigate the prevalence of youths’ perspectives on public discussion of suicide and relationships with discussion contexts, use of social media platforms, and motivations of online expression.

Results:

Qualitative findings revealed three types of attitudes toward open suicide discussion: reluctance, support, and indifference. Major barriers included cultural norms, topic sensitivity, privacy concerns, contagion effect, fear of embarrassment, and unpleasant experiences in school programs. Results of quantitative analyses showed that reluctance was the dominant attitude among adolescents, and taboo was the top concern. Variations in youths’ attitudes were related to gender, school academic banding, and suicide-related experiences. Notably, adolescents who had been exposed to suicide messages in contexts of peer networks and online platforms were more likely to endorse open suicide discussion. In addition, an increased likelihood of engaging in public suicide discussion was associated with the use of Instagram, WhatsApp, and Snapchat, and the motive of ‘expressing emotions and opinions’ online.

Conclusions:

Our results indicated a prevalent rejection among adolescents toward open suicide discussion, suggesting the issue of stigma, the need for tailored programs, the value of appropriate contexts, and the impact of Internet use. These findings may facilitate the development of school-based suicide prevention initiatives and the efficacy of online services for suicide-related communication.
Supervision framework for international field education in India: Shared knowledge and experiences of supervisors from India, Israel, and Australia
Authors: Thampi Kiran , Devassy Saju Madavanakadu , Goel Kalpana , Zadok Iris , Diamandi Sophie , Kassabri Mona Khoury , Kuncheria Joseph Mannooparambil , Prahlad Haritha
Published: September 2022

Along with the logistic planning, the important focus of international student mobility programmes in social work is on the field supervision process and measuring its outcome. Without a social work council in India for setting uniform standards in field education, this paper proposes a framework for field supervision to support inbound mobility students in India. The study predominantly explores the qualitative experiences of field supervisors from India, Israel, and Australia on fieldwork supervision. The themes evolved from the study are focused on the supervision process, strategies followed, challenges faced, and outcome measurement.
The Complexity of the “Tribal” Question in India: The Case of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups
Authors: Eswarappa Kasi
Published: September 2022

India is home to a large number of tribal or Adivasi communities. Particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs) are one among them. The Indian state initiated several development programs in its affirmative action to benefit PVTGs. However, these initiatives have shown some effects on the ground, still a long way to go. After globalization, a lot of studies claim and argue that the state is slowly withdrawing from its agenda and encouraging multinational companies or corporations (MNCs) to take its role. The MNCs have started their operations by extracting resources without helping Adivasi communities. It led to large-scale protests by the tribal people and civil society organizations. The paper critically discusses development initiatives of the post-independent state to ameliorate the conditions of the PVTGs as part of their affirmative action policies. Furthermore, the paper draws inferences from secondary data sources collected from published and unpublished sources, documents, reports, and online sources.
Can Western Donors Constrain Repressive Governments? Evidence from Debt Relief Negotiations in Africa
Authors: Carter Brett L
Published: September 2022

There is limited evidence that reliance on foreign aid from Western donors compels repressive governments to embrace democratic reforms and respect citizens’ rights. However, donors have another, potentially more powerful source of financial leverage: debt relief. This paper exploits two features of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief initiative, launched by the International Monetary Fund and World Bank in 1996, to probe whether Western leverage has constrained repression across Africa. First, the Bretton Woods institutions initiated debt relief negotiations with virtually all African governments. Second, many recipients were in power long before HIPC negotiations began and remained after they concluded. Using a differences-in-differences estimator, I show that the daily rate of repression fell by between 10% and 30% during debt relief negotiations. This effect holds across autocracies and democracies, and during periods of sustained protests. When debt crises were more severe, debt relief negotiations were even more constraining.
Reform of Anglo-American Complicity Law: Conduct, Connectivity and Comparative Solutions
Authors: Reed Alan
Published: September 2022

The challenge presented by extant Anglo-American complicity law is that it intractably homogenises different participatory modalities across a broad landscape of culpability, and ultimately the controller/instigatory actor may be treated alike with the ethereal shadow marionette. It is essential to effect change, not only as a concern of appropriate legal substantive reformulation, but also to avoid capricious practical unfairness. It should not be reforms predicated on the illusory distillation of causality requirements, between assistance and encouragement provided by the accessory and direct commission of harm(s), but rather on an imputed-normative-proportionality standardisation, reviewable via evidentiary perspectives in terms of actual intercessory conduct. A critique of alternative legal system approaches to complicitous behaviour, notably the Germanic Criminal Code, provides further significant insights towards the adaptation of a new accessorial liability framework. This broadened template promulgates a synchronous and complementary original review of withdrawal precepts. A redemptive change of heart aligned with appropriate reductive criminal depredation may exculpate via reverse conduct prophylaxis. Only an individual actor who has manifestly interceded in criminal harm(s), adjudged by the jurors as moral arbiters within prescribed gradations of culpability, as addressed herein, should rank imputably in equiparated blameworthiness with the principal offender. If this equiparation is lacking, or if the criminal wrongdoing is characterised as a wholly independent action by another party, then alternative forms of potential secondary party liability must be sought – a de novo facilitation offence as propounded subsequently, and consideration of reverse burden of proof.
Forensic applications of hyperspectral imaging technique: a narrative review
Authors: Pallocci Margherita , Treglia Michele , Passalacqua Pierluigi , Luca Lucilla De , Zanovello Claudia , Mazzuca Daniela , Guarna Francesca , Gratteri Santo , Marsella Luigi T
Published: September 2022

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) collects and processes information from the entire electromagnetic spectrum to obtain the spectrum of each pixel in the image of a scene, with the aim of finding objects and identifying materials. It is a non-contact, non-destructive technology that can be used without modifying or altering the analysed target. Forensic analysis and crime scene investigations are two of the most investigated fields of application, being able to detect and analyse many types of evidence.

In this paper we analysed the most commonly reported forensic science applications.

The literature indicates that the fields in which HSI appears most promising are the analysis of blood traces, document forgery, gunshot residues and the identification of fingerprints.
To Know all is to Forgive all: The Effect of Foreign Experiences on Forgiveness
Authors: Li Heng
Published: September 2022

By going abroad, individuals get the opportunity to explore a new country and to immerse themselves in a new culture. Despite being personally and professionally rewarding, little is known about interpersonal attitudes and behavior change that accompany living abroad experiences. The current research examines whether foreign experiences influence forgiveness. Drawing on the Structure–Appraisal Model of Multicultural Experiences and literature examining the positive effect of foreign experiences on self-control related to the suppression of impulsive retaliation, we propose that international experiences lead to a greater tendency to forgive. As predicted, we found that foreign experiences correlated positively with forgiving motivations toward transgressors across different measures of forgiveness and diverse samples (Studies 1–2). Study three compared forgiveness of individuals who had lived abroad with forgiveness of individuals who had plans to live abroad but had not done so yet. We found consistent support for the hypothesis that living abroad has an impact on forgiveness. By employing an experimental design, Study four established the causal effect of international experiences on forgiveness. Taken together, these findings suggest that when individuals experience foreign cultures, they learn to understand interpersonal conflicts from different perspectives and show greater leniency and forgiveness toward transgressions.
School Absenteeism and Neighborhood Deprivation and Threat: Utilizing the Child Opportunity Index to Assess for Neighborhood-Level Disparities in Passaic County, NJ
Authors: Opara Ijeoma , Thorpe Daneele , Lardier David T.
Published: September 2022

Leveraging publicly available data about schools” absenteeism from the New Jersey Department of Education, the present study examined how neighborhood-level resource deprivation and violent crime related to chronic absenteeism in Passaic County's elementary, middle, and high schools. Results highlighted geographic disparities in Passaic County, New Jersey, whereby predominantly racial/ethnic, under-resourced, communities of color have significantly greater levels of resource deprivation and threat. Additionally, greater neighborhood-level resource deprivation and neighborhood violent crime were associated with higher rates and trajectories of absenteeism across three academic school years. These findings highlight the importance of considering neighborhood context in absenteeism prevention programs.
Counter-logistics and municipalism: Popular infrastructures during the pandemic in Rosario
Authors: Minuchin Leandro , Maino Julieta
Published: September 2022

Logistics, as the language and practice that organises the distribution of matter and value, not only scripts the infrastructural expansion of late capitalist urbanisations, it also informs the tactics of survivability and resistance that address the spatial and social disparities generated by the latter. Behind the arrangement of makeshift infrastructural set-ups for commercial exchange, food distribution and community support, there is a form of popular logistics, interventions put in place to articulate the circulation of resources, weave nodes of solidarity and navigate the bureaucratic and territorial distances that exist across institutional scales. The paper frames the integration of these forms of counter-logistical expressions as an emerging form of municipalism. Focussing on municipal responses to the pandemic, the essay describes the emergence of counter forms of logistics in Rosario, Argentina. It registers the material and virtual adaptations that social movements, neighbourhood organisations and public agencies put in place to configure different forms of producing and distributing goods and services in the city. In a context where privatised infrastructures of distribution mediate the expressions of urban life, the paper positions the articulation of common and popular forms of logistics as a strategic dimension of municipal politics.
Implementing a Continuous Improvement Model for Assignment Evaluation at the Technical and Professional Communication Program Level
Authors: Sonnenberg Michelle , Gubala Carolyn , Burry Justiss , Griffith Jessica , Zarlengo Tanya , Melonçon Lisa
Published: September 2022

We use a continuous improvement model to evaluate an information design assignment by analyzing 120 student drafts and finals alongside instructor feedback. Using data from across sections ( N = 118), we illustrate a process focused on improving student learning that other technical and professional communication program administrators and faculty can follow, while also offering insights into ways programs can assist a contingent labor force with improving pedagogical practice. This study provides insights into assignment design through data-driven evidence and reflective work that is necessary to help continuously improve a service course and to assist students in meeting learning outcomes.
Sources of Modal Necessity: The Case of Needto’
Authors: Depraetere Ilse
Published: September 2022

This paper offers a principled framework for the analysis of sources associated with modal verbs that express root necessity. First, the notion of “source” (who or what lies at the origin of the necessity) is described and illustrated, and a comprehensive taxonomy of sources is put forward that can be used for empirical analysis. Special attention is paid to “subject-oriented” sources, which have mainly been discussed in the realm of modal possibility (ability) but which are relevant to modal necessity as well. The framework is then applied to a sample of sentences with Need to extracted from the British National Corpus (BNC). The quantitative study shows that Need to is closely connected with discourse-internal sources, conditional sources, and circumstantial sources. It is not closely associated with a subject-oriented source as it has been defined in the taxonomy and in the context of “rules and regulations.” There are significant differences between the spoken and the written modes in the context of conditional sources and discourse-internal sources.
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and sinonasal diseases: A case report and literature review
Authors: Park Seung Yong , Kim Kyung Soo , Min Hyun Jin
Published: September 2022

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an unusual inherited intestinal polyposis syndrome associated with distinct mucocutaneous pigmentation. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is known to show variable penetrance and clinical heterogeneity. It can involve various organs and lead to intestinal and extra-intestinal malignancies. Sinonasal inverted papilloma is a benign tumor originating from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It is characterized by high recurrence and malignant transformation; however, the exact pathogenesis and risk factors remain unclear. Recently, we encountered a case of sinonasal inverted papilloma in a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Although we performed a molecular genetic study to evaluate the STK11/LKB1 mutation, we could not provide direct evidence of the association between sinonasal inverted papilloma and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Based on our experience, we here tried to introduce Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and the potential involvement of the upper airway tract based on previously reported cases.
Survival analysis in head and neck melanoma after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy: A seer-based population study
Authors: Li Shulian , Tang Jun , Wang Lanlan , Gou Juxiang , You Wei , Ji Qiang
Published: September 2022

Background

Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is one of the most aggressive skin tumors. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an important test before thorough treatment of melanoma. The aim of this study was to investigate cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with head and neck CMM after negative SLNB and to analyze predictors of decreased survival.

Methods

Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, a study was conducted using data from patients with head and neck CMM after negative SLNB. The demographic, clinical, and pathological characteristics of the case population were analyzed. Cox univariate, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox regression models were used to explore predictors of decreased survival; propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to reduce confounding bias, and outcomes were compared between the wide margin excision and narrow margin excision groups.

Results

A total of 1597 confirmed head and neck CMM patients with SLNB-negative were found. A Breslow>4.0 mm was the highest independent risk predictor for patients (HR 3.82, 95% CI 2.04-7.16, P < .001), and significant risk independent predictors also included a high mitotic rate >4 (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.06-2.25, P = .023). Age< 60 years old was a significant survival predictor (HR 0.56, 95% CI .37-.85, P = .007), and not scalp and neck CMM were also important factors for longer survival (auricle skin: HR .51, 95% CI .29-.90, P = .02; unspecified parts of face: HR .59, 95% CI .40-.87, P = .007). After harmonizing baseline data by PSM, it was found that the extent of surgical resection did not affect patient survival.

Conclusion

This study analyzed the risk factors affecting CSS in patients with CMM of the head and neck region with SLNB-negative and observed a statistically significant difference in the prognosis of patients with CMM in different aesthetic subunits of the head and neck region. Close clinical follow-up for this population is necessary, and periodic medical examinations should be carried out.