bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a novel computer assisted telephone follow-up model for older patients after emergency department discharge in an Asian population
Authors: Lee Yen-Chiang , Ho Sam Yu-Chieh , Tan Tian-Hoe , Ho Chung-Han , Tsai Kang-Ting , Yang Pei-Chi , Hsu Chien-Chin , Lin Hung-Jung , Wang Chia-Ti , Huang Chien-Cheng
Published: October 2023

Background
While the impact of telephone follow-up (TFU) for older emergency department (ED) patients is controversial, its effects on the Asian population remain uncertain. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a novel computer assisted TFU model specifically for this demographic.
Methods
At a Taiwanese tertiary medical center, we developed a TFU protocol that included a referral and case management system within the ED hospital information system. We provided TFU to older discharged patients between April 1, 2021, and May 31, 2021. We compared this cohort with a non-TFU cohort of older ED patients and analyzed demographic characteristics and post-ED discharge outcomes.
Results
The TFU model was successfully implemented, with 395 patients receiving TFU and 191 without TFU. TFU patients (median age: 76 years, male proportion: 48.9%) differed from non-TFU patients (median age: 74 years, male proportion: 43.5%). Compared with the non-TFU cohort, the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the TFU cohort had a lower total medical expenditure < 1 month (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.21 − 0.47 for amounts exceeding 5,000 New Taiwan Dollars), and higher satisfaction (AOR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.46 − 5.36 for scores > 3 on a five-point Likert Scale). However, the TFU cohort also had a higher risk of hospitalization < 1 month (AOR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.31 − 4.77) compared to the non-TFU cohort.
Conclusion
Computer-assisted TFU appears promising. Further research involving a larger number of patients and validation in other hospitals is necessary to bolster the evidence and extend the findings to a broader context.
Urban Sound Classification using Neural Networks on Embedded FPGAs
Authors: Belloch Jose A. , Coronado Raul , Valls Oscar , Amor Rocio del , Leon German , Naranjo Valery , Dolz Manuel F. , Amor-Martin Adrian , Piñero Gema
Published: October 2023

The sound classification assisted by neural networks has led to high-accurate results. A high number of different applications uses this kind of sound classification, such as: control and monitoring of the number of vehicles on roads or identifying different types of animals in natural environments. While traditional acoustic processing applications have been developed taking into account high-throughput computing platforms equipped with expensive multichannel audio interfaces, the IoT paradigm demands the use of more flexible and energy-efficient systems. Although there exist software-based platforms devoted to implementing general neural networks, they are not optimized for sound classification leading to the waste of energy and computational resources. Here, we have used FPGAs to develop an ad-hoc system where only the required hardware for our application is synthesized, obtaining faster and cheaper (in terms of energy) circuits. The results show that our developments accelerates by a factor of 35 with respect to a software-based implementation on a Raspberry Pi.
Comprehensive Analysis of Energy Efficiency and Performance of ARM and RISC-V SoCs
Authors: Suárez Daniel , Almeida Francisco , Blanco Vicente
Published: October 2023

Over the past few years, ARM has been the dominant player in embedded systems and System-on-Chips (SoCs). However, with the emergence of hardware platforms based on the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), it has become necessary to compare these two ISAs. In this study, our goal is to comprehensively evaluate the energy efficiency and performance of ARM and RISC-V ISAs across three different SoCs. We will conduct benchmark tests to measure power consumption and overall system performance. The results of our study are valuable to developers and researchers looking to select the best ISA for energy-efficient computing applications. Our findings indicate that while RISC-V hardware platforms exhibit lower average power consumption than their ARM counterparts, the performance-per-watt ratio may not necessarily favor RISC-V. Ultimately, our overarching objective is to thoroughly examine both ISAs and to pinpoint areas where each can be enhanced, ultimately contributing to greater energy efficiency. Furthermore, to ensure the practical applicability of our findings, we will use the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software OpenFOAM. This step serves to validate the relevance of our results in real-world scenarios. It allows us to fine-tune execution parameters based on the insights gained from our initial study. By doing so, we aim not only to provide meaningful conclusions, but also to investigate the transferability of our results to practical applications. Our analysis will also scrutinize the capabilities of these SoCs when handling nonsynthetic software workloads, thereby broadening the scope of our evaluation.
Palms predict the distributions of birds in southwestern Amazônia and are potential surrogates for land-use planning by local communities
Authors: Menger Juliana , Junior Sergio Santorelli , Emilio Thaise , Magnusson William E. , Anciães Marina
Published: October 2023

In the absence of high-quality biodiversity data, land-use planners and conservationists often rely on biodiversity surrogates. Many studies have proposed surrogates based on assumptions about the environmental niches of species. However, the use of such assumptions is not always useful because biological processes and ecological interactions can operate at different scales due to the non-uniform geographical distribution of environmental conditions. Furthermore, these assumptions may obscure important relationships between species and their environment. To elucidate this issue, we asked whether biotic interactions between two taxonomic groups are more important than other factors in reflecting the distribution of unsampled species. To do this, we compared the relationship between the distribution of bird species and the distribution of the five most-abundant palm species, environmental factors, and the ecoregions. Our results show that bird-assemblage composition was more strongly correlated with changes in palm-species abundance, and that palms could serve as a cost-effective and efficient biodiversity surrogate for birds. These palm species are abundant and can be easily identified and monitored by non-specialists, such as those in local communities.
Natural Plasmodium infection of Anopheles benarrochi B (Diptera: Culicidae) in native communities of the Province of Condorcanqui, Amazonas-Peru
Authors: Villegas-Pingo Marianella , Zumaeta Jhon , Rojas Luis M. , Gonzales Lizandro , Tapia-Limochi Rafael , Moreno Marta , González Christian R. , Chenet Stella M.
Published: October 2023

Background
Malaria is a severe health problem in the native communities of Condorcanqui in the Amazonas Department of Peru. Recently, the number of malaria cases has increased considerably following a Plasmodium falciparum outbreak in 2019. However, there is no information on the anopheline species acting as Plasmodium vectors in this area or its insecticide resistance status. This study aims to: i) to molecularly characterize the anopheline population from the district of Rio Santiago; ii) to determine their incrimination in malaria transmission; and iii) to evaluate mutations associated with resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and DDT in the mosquito population.
Methods
Mosquitoes were collected between March and September 2022, using Shannon traps, CDC light traps, and mouth aspirators. Only those morphologically identified as Anopheles sp. were subjected to molecular confirmation by PCR amplification and sequencing of the COX1 barcode region. Additionally, specimens that were molecularly confirmed as Anopheles were analyzed for the kdr region of the VGSC gene related to insecticide resistance. Likewise, the presence of human blood as a food source was detected using the β-globin marker, and the presence of P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax was determined through a nested PCR.
Results
A total of 453 mosquitoes were captured, of which ninety-four were morphologically identified as female anophelines. Of the latter, sixty-six (~ 70%) specimens were molecularly confirmed as anophelines and were grouped into four species: An. benarrochi B, An. triannulatus, An. costai and An. nimbus. The sixty-six anophelines were analyzed for human β-globin and Plasmodium. It was found that twenty-three samples of An. benarrochi B (~ 35%) and one specimen of An. triannulatus were positive for human β-globin. Likewise, six (~ 9%) samples of An. benarrochi B were positive for Plasmodium parasites (four for P. falciparum and two for P. vivax). It is worth noting that four specimens tested positive for Plasmodium parasites and human blood simultaneously, making this a robust outcome to incriminate An. benarrochi B as the main malaria vector. No specimens presented mutations associated with insecticide resistance in the kdr region.
Conclusions
An. benarrochi B is the dominant anopheline species in this study and plays an important role in malaria transmission. Further studies are needed to understand its feeding behavior and activity during dry and rainy seasons to fully incriminate it with malaria transmission and implement targeted vector control programs.
Four-color ImmunoSpot® assays requiring only 1-3 mL of blood permit precise frequency measurements of antigen-specific B cells secreting immunoglobulins of all four classes and subclasses
Authors: Yao Lingling , Becza Noémi , Maul-Pavicic Andrea , Chekpe Jack , Kirchenbaum Greg A. , Lehmann Paul V.
Published: October 2023

The B lymphocyte response can encompass four immunoglobulin (Ig) classes and four IgG subclasses, each contributing fundamentally different effector functions. Production of the appropriate Ig class/subclass is critical for both successful host defense and avoidance of immunopathology. The assessment of an antigen-specific B cell response, including its magnitude and Ig class/subclass composition, is most often confined to the antibodies present in serum and other biological fluids, and neglects the monitoring of the memory B cell (Bmem) compartment capable of mounting a faster and more efficient antibody response following antigen reencounter. Here, we describe how the frequency and Ig class and IgG subclass use of an antigen-specific Bmem repertoire can be determined with relatively little labor and cost, requiring only 8 x 105 freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), or if additional cryopreservation and polyclonal stimulation is necessary, 3 million PBMC per antigen. To experimentally validate such cell-saving assays, we have documented that frequency measurements of antibody-secreting cells (ASC) yield results indistinguishable from those of enzymatic (ELISPOT) or fluorescent (FluoroSpot) versions of the ImmunoSpot® assay, including when the latter are detected in alternative fluorescent channels. Moreover, we have shown that frequency calculations that are based on linear regression analysis of serial PBMC dilutions using a single well per dilation step are as accurate as those performed using replicate wells. Collectively, our data highlight the capacity of multiplexed B cell FluoroSpot assays in conjunction with serial dilutions to significantly reduce the PBMC requirement for detailed assessment of antigen-specific B cells. The protocols presented here allow GLP-compliant high-throughput measurements which should help to introduce high-dimensional Bmem characterization into the standard immune monitoring repertoire.
(DES)CAMINHOS DA POLÍTICA DE FUNDOS NO FINANCIAMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Oliveira Nunes Lorrana , Da Silva Rodrigues Ana Cláudia
Published: October 2023

Este artigo objetiva discutir sobre a política de fundos a partir dos avanços, dos limites e das possibilidades de constituir o financiamento da educação básica no Brasil. Realizamos uma pesquisa documental apoiada no materialismo histórico-dialético. Os resultados revelaram que o novo Fundeb, ao ampliar a redistribuição de recursos públicos para as instituições privadas, ainda não superou as insuficiências das políticas de fundos anteriores e pode reforçar a disputa pelo fundo público entre as parcerias público-privadas.
Extraction and diagnosis of rolling bearing fault signals based on improved wavelet transform
Authors: Cheng Zhiqing
Published: October 2023

As the continuous growth of the machinery industry, the importance of rolling bearings as key connecting parts in machinery movement is also increasing. However, the extraction and diagnosis of rolling bearing fault signals are difficult, and how to use modern transform analysis methods to raise the extraction efficiency and diagnostic accuracy becomes the focus. For this, a rolling bearing fault signal extraction and diagnosis model is designed based on empirical wavelet transform. The diagnostic model is optimized by using support vector machine and quantum genetic algorithm to design a rolling bearing fault signal extraction and diagnosis model based on improved empirical wavelet transform-support vector machine. The test results show that the research method can obtain four component signals showing different anomalies when generating time domain diagrams. Only five component peaks are generated and one group is extracted as output when generating component peaks. The abnormal amplitude of envelope spectrum basically reaches 0.40×10-6 or above. The judgment accuracy of component diagnosis reaches 98.12%. The above results show that the research method has better fault signal extraction ability and better diagnostic accuracy when performing fault signal diagnosis, which can provide new technical support for rolling bearing fault signal extraction and diagnosis.
Computer-oriented Tests for Hyperbolicity and Structural Stability of Dynamical System
Authors:   Sevastopol Branch of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Osipenko George
Published: October 2023

A diffeomorphism f is hyperbolic on a chain-recurrent set if the Morse spectrum does not contain zero. The symbolic image is a directed graph approximating a dynamical system. The chain-recurrent set is localized using this graph. The symbolic image of the differential allows us to estimate the Morse spectrum. A diffeomorphism f is structurally stable if the dual differential has only trivial bounded trajectories. The symbolic image of the dual differential makes it possible to check the absence of bounded trajectories of the dual differential.
The ontology of history in the retrospective of Russian philosophy (P. Chaadaev — N. Danilevsky — N. Fedorov)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kuznetsov Nikita V. , Sokolov Aleksey M. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to one of the features of Russian philosophy — the key role in its development, which was played by the problems of history. The authors begin to study this issue with a general analysis of the status of historical issues in the system of philosophical knowledge, proceeding to substantiate the thesis of the predominantly ontological characteristics of history. The essence of the substantiation of this statement boils down to the fact that philosophy deals with an entity that opens to consciousness as a world, i. e. as a being ordered by man. The world as reality is reality as a form and result of human activity. Consequently, the source of existence as the original is in the foundations of human activity. Next, the authors proceed to consider the reasons why the topic of historical development has become a priority in Russia, and history as a form of human existence has been considered in an ontological way. Using the example of the philosophical creativity of three Russian thinkers (P. Ya. Chaadaev, N. Ya. Danilevsky and N. F. Fedorov), the authors demonstrate the general logic of the development of historical self-consciousness as the basis of civilizational self-determination of Russia. The article draws special attention to the peculiar national pragmatics of Russian historiosophical thought, which implies the need for broad national participation in transformations that have in mind a planetary, cosmic scale. In addition, the authors put forward a polemic thesis about the practical congeniality of the Soviet era to the theoretical intutions of the founder of Russian cosmism. Socialist construction in the USSR, in the understanding of the authors, largely actualized the project of N. F. Fedorov, declaring and actually expressing the “philosophy of the common cause”. And such a “thing” was conceived, despairing and carried out not only in class unity, but also in national unity, the unity of man and woman, and most importantly in the context of Fedorov’s views — in the unity of generations.
Medieval university as a space for dialogue of cultures
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kamnev Vladimir M.
Published: October 2023

The history of scholasticism provides the modern researcher with a wealth of material for studying the question of the state of theology at the university. Scholasticism can be viewed as an experience of solving the problem of the relationship between theological and scientific-rational knowledge. This experience can be considered negative in the sense that the formula defining the place of philosophy as the servant of theology reflected, rather, some desirable situation, rather than the actual state of affairs. The potential of the natural sciences and philosophy was so high that ultimately the synthesis of philosophy and theology came to be understood as a process of mutual enrichment. However, the idea of mutual enrichment of the arsenals of philosophy and theology, to which, for example, the pedagogy of the Society of Jesus approached quite closely, as a whole remained alien to Western European thought. This idea turned out to be very attractive for the religious philosophy of modern times, where it manifested itself, in particular, in a critical attitude towards the excessive enthusiasm of Western European philosophy with the problems of method, towards its “epistemology”. The religious and philosophical thought of the New Age, which had a significant influence on theology, was based on the recognition of the methodological limitations of natural reason, which is unable to independently cognize the truths of Divine Revelation, the “truth of faith”. This limitation is removed in the experience of existential philosophizing, in many respects opposite to the essentialism (doctrine of essences) of medieval theology. On the other hand, the mutual enrichment of philosophy and theology presupposed an appeal to the traditions of mystical intuitionism, neo-Platonism, and apophatic theology that were not in demand in Western European theology. In the history of Christianity, these traditions have played the same role in knowledge as asceticism in practice. They provided the Christian with a set of intellectual techniques aimed at cleansing the rational soul, necessary for the perception of the truths of Divine Revelation.
“The Wissenschaftslehre 1804 (2)” of J. G. Fichte in the context of the history of philosophy
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ivanenko Anton А. , Kryukova Kseniya V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2023

The article highlights the content, structure and terminology of one of the central works of the classic of German idealism J. G. Fichte — “The second course of lectures on the Wissenschaftslehre of 1804” (“The Wissenschaftslehre of 1804 (2)”). Despite such a high significance of this work, it has almost never been the subject of detailed consideration in the domestic research tradition. The reason for this state of affairs is the interweaving of its problems in the context of disputes of the late 18th — early 19th centuries on methodological and substantive principles of philosophy as a science. The complex structure of “The Wissenschaftslehre 1804 (2)” and its unique terminology cannot be deciphered without reference to the specified context. As a result of a comparative analysis of the works of the main opponents of science teaching at that time — F. W. J. Schelling and G. W. F. Hegel — preceding its appearance with the texts of Fichte, the article establishes that the main problems aimed at solving the text of the second course of lectures on the Wissenschaftslehre in 1804 are the problems of introducing absolute philosophy into the point of view and demonstrating the principle of Wissenschaftslehre as free from the opposition of subject and object, thinking and being. Fichte does not recognize the validity of the accusation of his philosophy in subjectivism and himself, in turn, reveals the one-sided objectivism of the “philosophy of identity” of Schelling and Hegel. In this regard, the article manages to establish that the structure of “The Wissenschaftslehre 1804 (2)” includes 4 parts: from 1 to 14 lectures (rise to the point of view of science), 15 lecture (presentation of the principle of science), from 16 to 27 lecture (establishing the beginning of the difference in absolute unity) and 28 lecture (doctrine of the phenomenon of absolute). At the same time, it is proved that the “The Wissenschaftslehre 1804 (2)” has not undergone fundamental changes in comparison with its first expositions, and the changes that take place concern only the way of presenting the Wissenschaftslehre to readers and listeners, as well as its secondary part (“the doctrine of the phenomenon”).
Emmanuel Mounier and Nikolai Berdyaev: Personalistic critique of civilization
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Rozova Ekaterina O. , Myagkova Olga S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kobrinets Maria A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: October 2023

The article examines the main lines of criticism of civilization within personalism. Basis of Berdyaev’s and Mounier’s criticism of society and their disagreements on this issue are identified through сomparison of their views. Such an analysis would have been impossible without reference to their texts of different periods: to the works of Mounier “Refaire la Renaissance” (1932), “Personalist and Community Revolution” (1935), “A Personalist Manifesto” (1936), “Personalism” (1949), as well as to Berdyaev’s texts “The Truth and Lie of Communism” (1931), “Christianity and the Class Struggle” (1931), “On Social Personalism” (1933), etc. Civilization as a subject of personalist thinking is necessarily explored at several levels. Firstly, the article analyzes the relationship between the concepts of personality and society and postulates the primacy of the personality as fundamental for European personalism. Secondly, the political dimension deserves separate consideration, which in the works of Munier and Berdyaev has an ambiguous status. Criticizing this or that social system, both authors approach to the search for some third way. Various characteristics of this way reveal themselves in the projects of the coming civilization, namely in the “New Middle Ages” by Berdyaev and “New Renaissance” by Mounier. However, they cannot be defined only as political, and a third level reveals itself in the personalistic criticism of civilization, associated with calls for a spiritual revolution and the moralistic nature of the requirements for the future society of “new humanism”.
On the role of studying the history of philosophy in modern education
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ivanenko Anton А. , Kryukova Kseniya V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2023

The article examines the place of studying the history of philosophy in education. The first part of the article is devoted to identifying the nature of human interaction proper, for which the works of the classic of German idealism — J. G. Fichte are involved. According to the author of science studies, the specificity of human interaction, designated by him as a “call”, consists in the fact that, since any actual human action is carried out starting from the results of reflection, it most strongly stimulates the mental activity of a person from all possible influences. Moreover, it has this effect both in the case of a conscious educational orientation, and in the absence of a conscious intention to educate and educate. The purpose of such interaction is to develop human intelligence, which is synonymous with the development of his independence and self-activity. At the same time, this goal is realized to the greater extent, the more versatile such an impact is, and this explains why a person exists in a community. However, this impact cannot be exhaustively characterized as only intersubjective actions, in fact, it represents cultural forms of a transpersonal nature (family, social relations, state, etc.), and the second part of the article is devoted to considering the role of their development for the formation of a person. It concludes that their successful development, in the exact sense of the word, is possible only in the case of gaining experience of active participation in their existence, in connection with which the project of “new national education” by Fichte is pointed out. The last part of the article summarizes the results of the study, which consist in the fact that, since philosophy, according to Hegel’s statement, is “an epoch grasped in thought”, i. e., the development of culture in the highest sense, to the extent that the study of the history of philosophy represents the completion of the education of a person in a person, and therefore a necessary component of modern education.
Music in the aspect of the genesis of art
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Kulbizhekov Victor N.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of the genesis of musical art. To date, the problem of the origin of music is one of the most undeveloped. The historical and archaeological direction can explore only what has been preserved and presented in material media. Therefore, the genesis of musical art is practically impossible to verify. Nevertheless, there is also a fundamentally different way of studying the genesis of musical art, since ontogenesis to a certain extent reproduces some essential stages of phylogenesis, since the study of children’s musical abilities, often manifested almost from the moment of birth of a child, can also provide answers to questions related to the genesis of music as such. In addition, the study of the folklore tradition of peoples who are almost at the primitive stage of development is also able to reveal the most important stages of the formation of music. But the main problem remains the definition of the ontological status of music, its rootedness in being. Mythology has already tried to give an answer to this question, although it is the philosophical analysis and ontological justifications for the existence of this art form that are crucial in the development of music. The article holds the position that the aesthetic and philosophical consideration of music not only sums up the already existing state of musical art, but also opens up new ways of further development. In addition, the relationship between music theory and practice is emphasized, which does not always precede its theoretical understanding, but is a consequence of certain theoretical constructions and conclusions.
Objects of Plato’s аpophaticism
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Svetlov Roman V.
Published: October 2023

The article discusses the theme of Plato’s apophatic discourse. A specific feature of Plato’s dialectics is the ability to perceive two opposite points of view on objectivity. This formulation of dialectical aporias is the stimulus and key for the further movement of thought. However, when some ultimate concepts are reached, it stops, ending with a negative conclusion — about the impossibility of recognizing something even as existing. Neoplatonists came to the conclusion that such objectivity has a transcendental character, and they argued about two transcendences — the One and Matter, as forms of absolute fullness and emptiness from one’s own nature. Modern researchers interpret the corresponding passages from Plato differently. They believe that these are either examples of an anomaly of discourse, forced to fall into recursion and negation with incorrectly chosen norms of thought, or some kind of search for future themes of the foundation of knowledge and science. The article shows that another way is possible: the three subject areas of the apophatic in Plato’s dialogues (the one, the good, the non-existence) are possibly associated with three planes of judgment about any being. The first of them is about what must somehow be conceived completely in itself and apart from being, the second is about what allows beings to be, the third is about what makes it separate, different from everything else.
B. Bolzano’s doctrine of the highest principle of morality
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vasilieva Marina Yu. , Mironov Dmitry G. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the article is to analyze B. Bolzano’s doctrine of the highest moral law. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: the variants of justification of the supreme moral law proposed by Bolzano are investigated; the context in which Bolzano’s ethical views were formed is clarified; finally, the Bolzano’s doctrine is compared with Kant’s theory of the categorical imperative. The methods of rational reconstruction and historical-philosophical comparisons are used. The article consists of six sections. The first section talks about the role that the doctrine of the highest moral principle played in the philosophy of Bolzano. In the second section, two possible formulations of the supreme moral law are proposed and two variants of the justification of these formulations found in the works of Bolzano are examined — “subjective” and “objective” justification. The third section clarifies the context: it talks about the influence of Bohemian Josephism on the philosophy of Bolzano, two ethical teachings are considered separately: the practical ethics of K. H. Seibt and the moral theology of A. Zippe. The fourth section deals with Bolzano’s criticism of some aspects of the ethical teachings of the Enlightenment: Bolzano believed that hedonism could not be the cornerstone of the doctrine of morals, and he found the moral theologians’ conception of the status of practical truths incorrect. The fifth section gives the assessment that Bolzano gave to Kant’s ethics, and also analyzes separately the reasons why Bolzano criticized Kant’s formulations of the categorical imperative. Finally, the sixth section clarifies some of the theses of the ethical theory of Bolzano, and also shows that the Bolzanian version of utilitarianism is able to cope with some of the problems of Kantian ethics.
Interpretation of the French Revolution as a means of political forecasting: On the concept of Paul Janet
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Krotov Artem A.
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the ideas of one of the classics of 19th century French philosophy about the essence of the French Revolution concepts. He divided their history into two stages, referring to the first (until the middle of the 19th century) categorical, tough assessments, to the second — calmer and more balanced. The typology of concepts of the French Revolution proposed by him contains historical, philosophical, mystical and theocratic, liberal, republican, democratic-socialist, economic schools. Burke, who fell upon the abstract foundations of the revolution, according to Janet, was mistaken, for it was about justice and improving social life. Fichte, on the contrary, with youthful naivety developed a speculative interpretation of revolutionary events. Janet believed that Fichte, who was carried away by the abstract formulation of the question of the revolution, did not notice the full complexity of the problem. Saint-Martin, the mystic, expected a renewal of religion from the revolution, his forecasts did not come true. Joseph de Maistre saw the revolution as a heavenly punishment, predicting a return to the previous orders. Janet criticizes the socialists for extolling Robespierre with “revolutionary fanaticism” and justifying all the acts of the Jacobeans. Explaining his plan, Janet stated that he was only going to become a historian of the concepts of the French Revolution, to study their philosophy. But in fact, he goes beyond this task, because in his desire to find the truth in the variety of opinions he eventually comes to the formulation of his own social ideal. This ideal highlights legal justice. For Janet, the revolution appears as a natural result of the entire previous history, in which the main attitudes of common sense were determined. It was these attitudes that were systematically fixed by the French Revolution. Given the mentioned context, the future task was seen by the philosopher in the peaceful development and completion of the revolution.
Liberal democracy and the search for political stability
Authors:   City University of New York, Lehman College, Buckley Michael
Published: October 2023

Liberal political philosophers are beginning to seriously consider the prospects of democratic instability alongside the question of justice. This chapter explores how a recent development in liberal political theory, political liberalism, frames the problem of social stability. Political liberals think reasonable pluralism is the natural outcome of free and open democratic institutions. The permanent existence of diverse yet reasonable moral and religious comprehensive doctrines create theoretical and practical problems for liberalism. A theoretically coherent liberalism must find normative reasons all can endorse even though everyone grounds their reasons on radically different conceptions of the moral good. A practically stable liberalism must show how a society whose members tend naturally toward moral division can nonetheless share the same normative political conception of justice. Solving both problems in ways consistent with liberal political values is difficult because the permanent existence of reasonable pluralism creates two formulations of the problem of stability. This chapter characterizes the two problems in terms of a positive and negative formulations. It traces the progress political liberals make toward resolving the positive formulation. It also explains how the solution to the positive formulation of the problem of liberal stability simultaneously provides a solution to the theoretical problem of liberal coherency. However, the chapter also argues that the negative formulation of the problem of liberal stability remains unresolved. A key task for liberal theorists in the twenty-first century is resolving the negative formulation of the problem of stability, for without a solution, the ‘rule of law’ remains vulnerable to attacks from those willing to use the ‘will of the people’ against it.
Russia’s civilizational identity: War and world
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Volkov Vitaly A. , Kamnev Vladimir M. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the problem of identity of modern Russia. Since the end of the twentieth century, Russia has been in the process of an identity crisis. The Russian Federation, which abandoned the communist ideology and the regime of Soviet power, made attempts to build a European identity in a single civilizational space with the West. Russia’s acquisition of its identity implied an ongoing process of abandoning its integrity and more fundamental identities than ideology and regime. According to the Western model, Russia should dissolve nations “in a single cauldron”, or divide into many states according to their national identity. In this project, Russia is assigned the role of a regional state that performs the function of a raw material appendage of the West in the international system of division of labor, dominated by foreign capital. The history of Russia over the past three hundred years shows that national, civil identity is limited to the potential for its development. Eurasian civilizational identity explains the peculiarities of the unity and integrity of Russia. The political and civilizational Eurasian identity of Russia allows it to develop successfully, through the inevitable intertwining and unity of contradictions that make up its content.
Distributed Muskingum model with a Whale Optimization Algorithm for river flood routing
Authors: Atashi Vida , Barati Reza , Lim Yeo Howe
Published: October 2023

This research introduces a novel nonlinear Muskingum model for river flood routing, aiming to enhance accuracy in modeling. It integrates lateral inflows using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and employs a distributed Muskingum model, dividing river reaches into smaller intervals for precise calculations. The primary goal is to minimize the Sum of Square Errors (SSE) between the observed and modeled outflows. Our methodology is applied to six distinct flood hydrographs, revealing its versatility and efficacy. For Lawler's and Dinavar's flood data, the single-reach Muskingum model outperforms multi-reach versions, demonstrating its effectiveness in handling lateral inflows. For Lawler's data, the single-reach model (NR = 1) yields optimal parameters of K = 0.392, x = 0.027, m = 1.511, and β = 0.010, delivering superior results. Conversely, when fitting flood data from Wilson, Wye, Linsley, and Viessman and Lewis, the multi-reach Muskingum model exhibits better overall performance. Remarkably, the model excels with the Viessman and Lewis flood data, especially with two reaches (NR = 2), achieving a 21.6% SSE improvement while employing the same parameter set. This research represents a significant advancement in flood modeling, offering heightened accuracy and adaptability in river flood routing.
The Mechanisms of miRNAs on Target Regulation and their Recent Advances in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yin Runting , Lu Hongyu , Cao Yixin , Zhang Jia , Liu Geng , Guo Qian , Kai Xinyu , Zhao Jiemin , Wei Yuan
Published: October 2023

:

miRNAs are crucial regulators in a variety of physiological and pathological
processes, while their regulation mechanisms were usually described as negatively regulating
gene expression by targeting the 3’-untranslated region(3’-UTR) of target gene
miRNAs through seed sequence in tremendous studies. However, recent evidence indicated
the existence of non-canonical mechanisms mediated by binding other molecules
besides mRNAs. Additionally, accumulating evidence showed that functions of intracellular
and intercellular miRNAs exhibited spatiotemporal patterns. Considering that detailed
knowledge of the miRNA regulating mechanism is essential for understanding the
roles and further clinical applications associated with their dysfunction and dysregulation,
which is complicated and not fully clarified. Based on that, we summarized the recently
reported regulation mechanisms of miRNAs, including recognitions, patterns of
actions, and chemical modifications. And we also highlight the novel findings of miRNAs
in atherosclerosis progression researches to provide new insights for non-coding
RNA-based therapy in intractable diseases.
Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification to Explore the
Targets and Mechanism for Panax Notoginseng Saponins against Coronary In-stent
Restenosis
Authors: Li Yuanchao , Gao Shenghan , Zhu Hongying , Wang Jianbo
Published: October 2023

Background:

Despite widespread application of drug-eluting stents in coronary intervention,
in-stent restenosis (ISR) is still a daunting complication in clinical practice. Panax notoginseng saponins
(PNS) are considered to be effective herb compounds for preventing ISR.

Objective:

This study aimed to elucidate the targets and mechanisms of PNS in ISR prevention using network
pharmacology approaches and experimental verification.

Methods:

Relevant targets of PNS active compounds were collected from the HERB database and PharmMapper.
The ISR-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards database and the Comparative Toxicogenomics
Database. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed using R software. The String
database and Cytoscape software were employed to build the PPI and compounds-targets-pathways-disease
networks. Finally, Molecular docking performed by Autodock Vina and cellular experiments were used to validate
network pharmacology results.

Results:

There were 40 common targets between PNS targets and ISR targets. GO analysis revealed that these
targets focused on multiple ISR-related biological processes, including cell proliferation and migration, cell
adhesion, inflammatory response, and anti-thrombosis and so on. The KEGG enrichment results suggested
that PNS could regulate multiple signaling pathways to inhibit or delay the development and occurrence of
ISR. The molecular docking and cellular experiments results verified the network pharmacology results.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that the potential molecular mechanisms of PNS for ISR prevention
involved multiple compounds, targets, and pathways. These findings provide a theoretical reference and
experimental basis for the clinical application and product development of PNS for the prevention of ISR.
Morusin Inhibits RANKL-induced Osteoclastogenesis and Ovariectomized
Osteoporosis
Authors: Jin Cong , Zheng Jiewen , Yang Qichang , Jia Yewei , Li Haibo , Liu Xuewen , Xu Yangjun , Chen Zhuolin , He Lei
Published: October 2023

Background::

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a classic type of osteoporosis
that has gradually become a significant health problem worldwide. There is an urgent need for a
safe alternative therapeutic agent considering the poor therapeutic strategies currently available
for this disease. The roots and bark of the Morus australis tree (Moraceae) are used to make a
traditional Chinese medicine known as "Morusin", and accumulating evidence has demonstrated
its multiple activities, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.

Objective::

In this study, we aim to explore the effect of Morusin on mouse osteoclasts and its
mechanism.

Methods::

In this study, we explored the inhibitory effects of Morusin on murine osteoclasts in
vitro and its mechanism, and the protective effect of Morusin on an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced
osteoporosis model in vivo.

Results::

The results showed that Morusin prevented OVX-induced bone loss and dramatically
decreased RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Morusin interfered with RANKL-activated NF-
κB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. The expression of three master factors that control
osteoclast differentiation, c-Fos, NFATc1, and c-Jun, was reduced by Morusin treatment.
Collectively, in vitro results indicated that Morusin has a protective effect on OVX-induced bone
loss in a mouse model.

Conclusion::

Our data provide encouraging evidence that Morusin may be an effective treatment
for PMOP.
Yantiao Formula Intervention in Rats with Sepsis: Network Pharmacology
and Experimental Analysis
Authors: Zhu Leilei , Liu Deng , Xu Menghan , Wang Wenqing , Xiong Xudong , Zhou Qianmei , Shi Rong
Published: October 2023

Aim and Objective::

Traditional Chinese Medicine prescribes Yantiao Formula
(YTF; peach kernel, mirabilite, Angelica sinensis, Radix Scrophulariae, raw rhubarb, Radix
Paeoniae, Flos Lonicerae, Forsythia, and Ophiopogon japonicus) to treat sepsis. Clinically, it
reduced the inflammatory response of sepsis. It also reduced lung damage by decreasing the
level of TNF-α in septic rats' serum. Using network pharmacology analysis, we investigated the
efficacy network and mechanism of YTF in treating sepsis.

Materials and Methods::

We used the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology
Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and a Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular
Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) combined with literature to
collect the main components in YTF and their targets. DisGeNET and GENECARDS databases
were used for sepsis-related targets. Cytoscape 3.7.1 software was used to construct the herbcomponent-
target and ingredient-target-disease interaction protein-protein interaction networks
of YTF. The jvenn was used to perform the intersection of YTF targets and sepsis targets. Gene
Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed．
We also created a sepsis rat model using cecal ligation and perforation and stimulated
alveolar macrophages (NR8383) with endotoxin to investigate the mechanisms of YTF.

Results::

GO, and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that these targets involved mineralocorticoid
secretion, aldosterone secretion, active regulation of chronic inflammatory response, the
exogenous coagulation pathway, and other pathophysiology. It was linked to various inflammatory
factors and the MAPK pathway. YTF inhibits the p38MAPK pathway and decreases TNF-
α, IL-6, and CXCL8 levels.

Conclusion::

YTF has a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-channel role in treating sepsis.
The primary mechanisms may involve inhibiting the p38MAPK pathway to reduce the inflammatory
response.
A Lower IL-34 Expression Is Associated with Non-Healing Diabetic Foot
Ulcers
Authors: Zheng Aitian , Xu Yuanyuan , Cen Nimiao , Wu Biaoliang
Published: October 2023

Background:

The non-healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) is a major cause of high
disability, morbidity, and mortality. Thus, new therapeutic targets and methods to help healing
in patients with DFUs are major research hotspots

Objective:

This study examined the molecular differences between healing and non-healing
DFUs to identify genes associated with DFU healing.

Method:

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by bioinformatics. Samples
were collected from patients with healing (n=10) and non-healing (n=10) DFUs from September
2021 to September 2022. Interleukin (IL)-34 expression was measured by ELISA and qRT-PCT.
The fibroblasts from healing and non-healing DFU were divided according to their gene signatures
and subdivided based on their gene expression profile differences.

Result:

A comparison of fibroblast subpopulation characteristics revealed that the proportion of
subpopulation 4 was significantly higher in non-healing DFUs than in healing DFUs. Subpopulation
4 had 254 upregulated genes and 2402 downregulated genes in the non-healing compared
with the healing DFUs. The DEGs were involved in several biological functions, including cytokine
activity, receptor-ligand activity, signaling receptor activator activity, and receptor regulator
activity. IL-34 was downregulated in non-healing compared with healing DFUs, suggesting
a possible role of IL-34 in DFU healing. In the clinical specimens, IL-34 was significantly
downregulated in non-healing DFUs, consistent with the bioinformatics results.

Conclusion:

IL-34 expression is downregulated in non-healing DFU. IL-34 appears to be
involved in DFU healing, but the exact causal relationship remains to be explored.
Natural and Synthetic Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in 2023: an Update on
the Impact on Neurological and Psychiatric Conditions
Authors: Ribaudo Giovanni , Gianoncelli Alessandra
Published: October 2023

This Perspective provides an updated overview on the involvement of phosphodiesterase (PDE)
isoforms and of the corresponding inhibitors in neurological disorders, including dementia, Parkinson’s
disease, multiple sclerosis, neuropsychiatric conditions and cerebral ischemia. Particular
attention has been dedicated to natural and semi-synthetic compounds. Translation into the clinic
of preclinical results, toxicity profile and bioavailability represent the challenging aspects in the
development of PDE inhibitors. With the aim of providing the latest updates to the reader, the
2023 contributions in the field were considered for the preparation of this Perspective.