bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on the Shear Characteristics of the Interface between Marine Soft Clay and Jacked Pile
Authors: Ye Chaoliang , Cao Fengxu , Sun Hao , Wu Zhenxu , Zhang Tao , Sun Tiecheng
Published: September 2024

Marine soft clay is widely distributed in coastal areas. Aiming at the characteristics of low strength and stress level of marine soft clay, the effects of normal stress, water content, and resting time on the pile–soil interface shear characteristics of marine soft clay–jacked piles were investigated using improved direct shear test equipment. On this basis, a practical interface shear strength prediction model considering the above factors is proposed. The test results show that the relationship between shear stress and shear displacement at the pile–soil interface can be divided into three stages—initial, transitional, and stable—and the relationship is in accordance with the hyperbolic model. Under the same water content and resting time, the interface peak shear stress increases linearly with the increase in normal stress. The interface peak shear displacement decreased with the increase in normal stress. Under different water content conditions, the peak shear stress decreases with increasing water content, while the corresponding peak shear displacement increases. The internal friction angle and adhesion at the pile–soil interface decreased rapidly and exponentially with increasing water content of the soil around the pile. The interfacial adhesion varies in the range of 1.07–13.76 kPa and the internal friction angle in the range of 1.8–6.1°. The change in water content when the water content of marine soft clay is less than the liquid limit has a great influence on the interface shear strength. The peak shear stress increases with increasing resting time, while the corresponding peak shear displacement decreases for different resting times. The Internal friction angle and adhesion at the pile–soil interface increases exponentially with the resting time. Interfacial adhesion changes in the range of 1.8–4.9 kP, and the internal friction angle is 2.8–4.7°. The strength of the pile–soil interface grows with the advancement of the resting time, and the bearing performance of the jacked pile is improved, with the most significant effect in 14 days. Based on multiple linear regression analyses, the effects of normal stress and water content on interfacial shear strength are comparable and the effect of normal stress on the shear strength is more significant compared with the resting time. The test results provide valuable reference for the design and construction of jacked piles in marine soft ground.
Treatment Outcomes after Postoperative Radiotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study (KROG 17-05)
Authors: Kim Jin , Byun Sang , Kim Myeongsoo , Shin Kyung , Kim Dong , Lee Han , Kim Tae , Kim Yeon , Kim Yong , Chang Jee , Kim Kyubo , Lee Sun
Published: September 2024

Background: We designed a multi-institutional retrospective study to investigate the previously unreported failure pattern, survivals, and prognostic factors after postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients in South Korea. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 699 patients with TNBC who underwent PORT at six institutions between 2008 and 2010. The median follow-up period was 94 months (range: 7–192 months). There were 216, 380, and 100 patients in stages I, II, and III, respectively. Results: After 94 months post-treatment, all patients with pathologic complete remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were alive without any failure. Distant metastasis was the main cause of failure. The 5-year overall survival rate was 91.4%, 5-year loco-regional relapse-free survival rate (LRRFS) was 92.3%, 5-year distant metastasis-free survival rate (DMFS) was 89.4%, and 5-year disease-free survival rate (DFS) was 85.2%. On multivariate (Cox) analysis, T and N stages were significant prognostic factors for survival, and lympho-vascular invasion (LVI) was a significant factor for LRRFS and DMFS. Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with LRRFS and DFS. Conclusion: We verified that T and N stages, LVI, and Ki-67 expression were significantly associated with survival outcomes after PORT in TNBC.
Machine-Learning- and Internet-of-Things-Driven Techniques for Monitoring Tool Wear in Machining Process: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kasiviswanathan Sudhan , Gnanasekaran Sakthivel , Thangamuthu Mohanraj , Rakkiyannan Jegadeeshwaran
Published: September 2024

Tool condition monitoring (TCM) systems have evolved into an essential requirement for contemporary manufacturing sectors of Industry 4.0. These systems employ sensors and diverse monitoring techniques to swiftly identify and diagnose tool wear, defects, and malfunctions of computer numerical control (CNC) machines. Their pivotal role lies in augmenting tool lifespan, minimizing machine downtime, and elevating productivity, thereby contributing to industry growth. However, the efficacy of CNC machine TCM hinges upon multiple factors, encompassing system type, data precision, reliability, and adeptness in data analysis. Globally, extensive research is underway to enhance real-time TCM system efficiency. This review focuses on the significance and attributes of proficient real-time TCM systems of CNC turning centers. It underscores TCM’s paramount role in manufacturing and outlines the challenges linked to TCM data processing and analysis. Moreover, the review elucidates various TCM system variants, including cutting force, acoustic emission, vibration, and temperature monitoring systems. Furthermore, the integration of industrial Internet of things (IIoT) and machine learning (ML) into CNC machine TCM systems are also explored. This article concludes by underscoring the ongoing necessity for research and development in TCM technology to empower modern intelligent industries to operate at peak efficiency.
An Ecoregional Conservation Assessment for the Southern Rocky Mountains Ecoregion and Santa Fe Subregion, Wyoming to New Mexico, USA
Authors: DellaSala Dominick A. , Africanis Kaia , Baker Bryant C. , Koopman Marni
Published: September 2024

We conducted a multi-scaled Ecoregional Conservation Assessment for the Southern Rockies (~14.5 M ha) and its trailing edge, the Santa Fe Subregion (~2.2 M ha), from Wyoming to New Mexico, USA. We included a representation analysis of Existing Vegetation Types (EVTs), mature and old-growth forests (MOG), and four focal species—Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), North American wolverine (Gulo gulo luscus), Mexican spotted owl (Strix occidentalis lucida), and northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)—in relation to 30 × 30 and 50 × 50 conservation targets. To integrate conservation targets with wildfire risk reduction to the built environment and climate change planning, we overlaid the location of wildfires and forest treatments in relation to the Wildland–Urban Interface (WUI) and included downscaled climate projections for a lower (RCP4.5) and higher (RCP8.5) emission scenario. Protected areas were highly skewed toward upper-elevation EVTs (most were >50% protected), underrepresented forest types (<30% protected), especially MOG (<22% protected) and riparian areas (~14% protected), and poorly represented habitats (<30%) for at least three of the focal species, especially in the subregion where nearly all the targets underperformed compared to the ecoregion. Most (>73%) forest-thinning treatments over the past decade were >1 km from delineated WUI areas, well beyond the distance at which vegetation management can effectively reduce structure ignition risk (<50 m from structures). Extreme heat, drought, snowpack reductions, altered timing of peak stream flows, increasing wildfires, and potential shifts in the climate, favoring woodlands over conifer forests, may impact forest-dependent species, while declining snowpack may impact wolverines that den at upper elevations. Strategically targeting the built environment for fuel treatments would improve wildfire risk reduction and may allow for expansion of protected areas held up in controversy. Stepped-up protection for roadless areas, adoption of wilderness proposals, and greater protection for MOG and riparian forests are critical for meeting representation targets.
Material Strength Optimization of Dissimilar MIG Welding between Carbon and Stainless Steels
Authors: Van Huong Hoang , Nguyen Thanh Tan , Nguyen Van-Thuc , Nguyen Van Thanh Tien
Published: September 2024

This study examines the effects of stick-out, welding current, welding speed, and voltage on the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of MIG welding on SUS 304 stainless steel and S20C steel. The Taguchi method was used to maximize the experiment’s outcomes. Fine columnar dendrites formed at fusion sites, and δ-ferrite phases with dark lines and shapes accumulated between the fusion line and the austenite phases. A welding current of 110 A, voltage of 15 V, welding speed of 500 mm/min, and stick-out of 12 mm were the optimal settings for the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). The UTS value confirmation was 469.4 MPa, which agrees with the estimated value determined using the Taguchi technique. The tensile test revealed that welding current had a far greater impact on mechanical qualities than welding voltage, speed, and stick-out distance. The ideal welding parameters for flexural strength were as follows: stick-out of 12 mm, arc voltage of 15 V, welding speed of 450 mm/min, and welding current of 110 amp. The Taguchi method is useful, as evidenced by the validation of the flexure strength of 1937.45 MPa, which is much greater than the other samples. The impact of the thermal annealing process on the mechanical characteristics of the dissimilar weld joints could be the subject of future research. The investigation results may offer more insightful information about the dissimilar welding field.
Fatigue Reliability Modelling and Assessment of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer/Epoxy Resin Bonded Structure Incorporating Multiple Environmental Stresses and Size Effects
Authors: Shao Zhenjiang , Liu Zheng , Liang Jinlong , Liu Haodong , Zhang Yuhao
Published: September 2024

The fatigue of adhesive joints in offshore wind turbine blades is a critical and widespread challenge, necessitating an urgent focus on adhesive bond reliability. Given the constraints of full-scale testing, this research explores the fatigue endurance of carbon fiber–epoxy adhesive composites, integral to blade construction. Recognizing the fatigue characteristics’ sensitivity to environmental factors and joint dimensions, an innovative approach to fatigue modelling and evaluation is introduced. This method incorporates the influence of different environmental stresses and size effects. Specifically, a degradation coefficient and size impact factor (SIF) are introduced into the cyclic cohesive zone model, and a simulation-based analytic approach is proposed for analyzing adhesive fatigue. Furthermore, we introduce a reliability modelling procedure that integrates performance degradation theory to address the deteriorative characteristics inherent in adhesive fatigue. Subsequently, the specimens’ damage accumulation increased by 75% because of the stresses and escalated to 85% with adhesive joint size effects, causing carbon fiber Reinforced Polymer/epoxy adhesive joints to fail interfacially rather than in a mixed-mode manner. This study provides valuable insights for the safety analysis and assessment of adhesive joint performance in offshore wind turbine blades.
A Novel Hybrid Internal Pipeline Leak Detection and Location System Based on Modified Real-Time Transient Modelling
Authors: Tajalli Seyed Ali Mohammad , Moattari Mazda , Naghavi Seyed Vahid , Salehizadeh Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2024

A This paper proposes a modified real-time transient modelling (MRTTM) framework to address the critical challenge of leak detection and localization in pipeline transmission systems. Pipelines are essential infrastructure for transporting liquids and gases, but they are susceptible to leaks, with severe environmental and economic impacts. MRTTM tackles this challenge with a three-stage operational process. First, “Data Collection” gathers sensor data from designated observation points. Second, the “Detection” stage identifies leaks. Finally, “Decision-Making” utilizes MRTTM to pinpoint the exact leak magnitude and location. This paper introduces an innovative method designed to significantly enhance pipeline leak detection and localization through the application of artificial intelligence and advanced signal processing techniques. The improved MRTTM framework integrates AI for pattern recognition, state space modelling for leak segment identification, and an extended Kalman filter (EKF) for precise leak location estimation, addressing the limitations of traditional methods. This paper showcases the application of MRTTM through a case study using the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) method on a water transmission pipeline for leak detection. KNN aids in classifying leak patterns and identifying the most likely leak location. Additionally, MRTTM incorporates the EKF, enabling real-time updates during transient events for faster leak identification. Preprocessing sensor data before comparison with the leakage pattern bank (LPB) minimizes false alarms and enhances detection reliability. Overall, the AI-powered MRTTM framework offers a powerful solution for swift and precise leak detection and localization in pipeline systems. The functionality of the framework is examined, and the results effectively approve the effectiveness of this methodology. The experimental results validate the practical utility of the MRTTM framework in real-world applications, demonstrating up to 90% detection accuracy and an F1 score of 0.92.
Dynamic Analysis of Beams with Interval Parameters
Authors: Mallela Venkata Rama Rao , Kodukula Jagannadha Rao
Published: September 2024

The present study deals with the transient interval analysis of a shallow beam having uncertainty in structural parameters viz. mass density and applied load. It is quite difficult to obtain information regarding the exact values of these parameters in several practical situations. Use of precise (deterministic) values of structural parameters in such a situation leads to erroneous results as the mathematical model built using deterministic structural parameters does not account for the uncertainty present in the system. In the present work, uncertainty present in the system is represented by interval parameters. In the research work carried out in the past quarter century, several methods were developed to model structural response of uncertain structural systems subjected to static loads under conditions of linear elasticity. The partial differential equations of motion of a Euler-Bernoulli beam are solved using Finite difference and finite element methods under conditions of linear elasticity. The resulting interval equations are solved using search and direct methods. Further, direct optimization approach is used to compute the bounds of displacement. The applicability and effectiveness of presented methods is demonstrated by solving example problems.
Identification of Cellular Isoschaftoside-Mediated Anti-Senescence Mechanism in RAC2 and LINC00294
Authors: Lee Yun Haeng , So Byeong Hyeon , Lee Kyeong Seon , Kuk Myeong Uk , Park Ji Ho , Yoon Jee Hee , Lee Yoo Jin , Kim Du Yeol , Kim Min Seon , Kwon Hyung Wook , Byun Youngjoo , Lee Ki Yong , Park Joon Tae
Published: September 2024

As cellular senescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate excessively, causing cellular damage. Flavonoids derived from natural products are known for their antioxidant effects and their ability to delay cellular senescence. Previous studies have attempted to mitigate cellular senescence using flavonoids from natural sources. However, the detailed mechanisms and regulatory targets of some flavonoids exhibiting antioxidant effects have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we screened a library of flavonoids for antioxidant properties. Isoschaftoside, a glycosidic flavonoid, significantly reduced ROS levels in senescent cells. It was found that mitochondrial function was restored, and dependence on glycolysis was reduced in senescent cells treated with isoschaftoside. Additionally, we identified that isoschaftoside suppresses ROS by reducing the expression of RAC2 and LINC00294 in senescent cells. Taken together, this study establishes a novel mechanism for ROS inhibition and the regulation of cellular senescence by isoschaftoside. Our findings contribute important insights to antioxidant and anti-senescence research.
Isolation of Bioactive Compounds (Carotenoids, Tocopherols, and Tocotrienols) from Calendula Officinalis L., and Their Interaction with Proteins and Oils in Nanoemulsion Formulation
Authors: Haładyn Kamil , Wojdyło Aneta , Nowicka Paulina
Published: September 2024

Calendula officinalis L. has numerous health-promoting properties due to the presence of a large number of lipophilic compounds. Their effective delivery to the body requires the use of an appropriate technique such as emulsification. So, the main purpose of this study was to understand how the profile of lipophilic compounds from pot marigold and the pro-health potential are shaped by different types of protein, oil, and drying techniques in o/w nanoemulsion. To obtain this, the profiles of carotenoid compounds and tocols were measured. Additionally, antioxidant potential and the ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase were measured. Pea protein emulsion exhibited a higher final content of carotenoid compounds (23.72–39.74 mg/100 g), whereas those with whey protein had stronger α-amylase inhibition (487.70 mg/mL). The predominant compounds in the studied nanoemulsions were β-carotene (between 19% and 40%), followed by α-tocopherol/γ-tocopherol. The type of proteins shaped the health-promoting properties and determined the content of health-promoting compounds.
Assessment of Optical and Phonon Characteristics in MOCVD-Grown (AlxGa1−x)0.5In0.5P/n+-GaAs Epifilms
Authors: Talwar Devki N. , Feng Zhe Chuan
Published: September 2024

Quaternary (AlxGa1−x)yIn1−yP alloys grown on GaAs substrates have recently gained considerable interest in photonics for improving visible light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, and photodetectors. With two degrees of freedom (x, y) and keeping growth on a lattice-matched GaAs substrate, the (AlxGa1−x)0.5In0.5P alloys are used for tuning structural, phonon, and optical characteristics in different energy regions from far-infrared (FIR) → near-infrared (NIR) → ultraviolet (UV). Despite the successful growth of (AlxGa1−x)0.5In0.5P/n+-GaAs epilayers, limited optical, phonon, and structural characteristics exist. Here, we report our results of carefully examined optical and vibrational properties on highly disordered alloys using temperature-dependent photoluminescence (TD-PL), Raman scattering spectroscopy (RSS), and Fourier-transform infrared reflectivity (FTIR). Macroscopic models were meticulously employed to analyze the TD-PL, RSS, and FTIR data of the (Al0.24Ga0.76)0.5In0.5P/n+-GaAs epilayers to comprehend the energy-dependent characteristics. The Raman scattering and FTIR results of phonons helped analyze the reflectivity spectra in the FIR region. Optical constants were carefully integrated in the transfer matrix method for evaluating the reflectivity R(E) and transmission T(E) spectra in the NIR → UV regions, validating the TD-PL measurements of bandgap energies (EgPL).
Ionic Liquid—Solidified Floating Organic Drop Microextraction for the Preconcentration of Lead in Environmental Water Samples Prior to Its Determination with Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Durukan İlknur , Yildiz Barış
Published: September 2024

This research investigates the utilization of an ionic liquid combination of solidified floating organic drop micro-extraction (IL-SFODME) to augment the concentration of trace amounts of lead, working as a preliminary stage before electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) analysis without the use of chelating agents. Key parameters impacting the microextraction efficiency—including pH, the volume of the ionic liquid (1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, HMIMPF6), temperature, extraction time, and stirring speed—were methodically examined to determine optimal conditions. Under detected optimized conditions, an enhancement factor of 71.2 was obtained for a 15 mL sample solution. The calibration curve exhibited linearity within the concentration range of 0.2–2.5 µg/L, with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.054 µg/L and a quantification limit (10σ) of 0.18 µg/L. For seven replicate measurements of 0.5 µg/L lead, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was ±2.30%. This method was effectively implemented to extract and quantify lead in both reference water and different real water samples, showcasing significantly efficient extraction performance.
Analysis of the Thermal Aging Kinetics of Tallow, Chicken Oil, Lard, and Sheep Oil
Authors: Hsieh Yun-Chuan , Ouyang Hao , Zhang Yulin , Chiang Donyau , Yang Fuqian , Chen Hsin-Lung , Lee Sanboh
Published: September 2024

Understanding the thermal aging kinetics of animal oils is of vital importance in the storage and applications of animal oils. In this work, we use four different techniques, including UV-Vis spectrometry, viscometry, impedance spectroscopy, and acid–base titration, to study the thermal aging kinetics of tallow, chicken oil, lard, and sheep oil in the temperature range from 120 °C to 180 °C. The evolutions of the UV-Vis absorbance, dynamic viscosity, electric impedance, and acid titration are discussed with the defect kinetics. The evolutions of the color centers, defects for dynamic viscosity, and electric dipoles follow second-order, first-order, and zero-order kinetics, respectively. The temperature dependence of rate constants for the evolutions of the UV-Vis absorbance, dynamic viscosity, electric impedance, and acid titration satisfies the Arrhenius equation with the same activation energy for individual animal oils. The activation energies are ~43.1, ~23.8, ~39.1, and ~37.5 kJ/mol for tallow, chicken oil, lard, and sheep oil, respectively. The thermal aging kinetics of the animal oils are attributed to the oxidation of triglycerides.
UiO-66 with Both Brønsted and Lewis Acid Sites for Catalytic Synthesis of Biodiesel
Authors: Wang Yu , Yang Zhimin , Wu Xichang , Quan Wenxuan , Chen Qi , Wang Anping
Published: September 2024

In the present study, an acid catalyst (UiO-66-SO3H) with Brønsted and Lewis acid sites was synthesised for the preparation of highly efficient biodiesel from oleic acid and methanol using chlorosulphonic acid sulfonated metal–organic frameworks (UiO-66) prepared with acetic acid as a moderator. The prepared catalysts were characterised using XRD, SEM, FT-IR and BET. The catalytic efficiency of the sulfonated catalysts was significantly improved and successful sulfonation was demonstrated by characterisation techniques. Biodiesel was synthesised by the one-pot method and an 85.0% biodiesel yield was achieved under optimum conditions of the reaction. The esterification reaction was determined to be consistent with a proposed primary reaction and the kinetics of the reaction was investigated. A reusability study of the catalyst (UiO-66-SO3H) was also carried out with good reproducibility. In conclusion, the present study provides some ideas for the synthesis of catalysts with high catalytic activity for the application in the catalytic preparation of biodiesel.
Theoretical Study of Metal–Ligand Interactions in Lead Complexes with Radiopharmaceutical Interest
Authors: Kovács Attila , Varga Zoltán
Published: September 2024

The 203Pb and 212Pb lead radioisotopes are attracting growing interest as they can aid in the development of personalized, targeted radionuclide treatment for advanced and currently untreatable cancers. In the present study, the bonding interactions of Pb2+ with twelve macrocyclic ligands, having an octa and nona coordination, were assessed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The molecular structures in an aqueous solution were computed utilizing the polarized continuum model. The preference for the twisted square antiprismatic (TSAP) structure was confirmed for ten out of the eleven cyclen-based complexes. The characteristics of the bonding were assessed using a Natural Energy Decomposition Analysis (NEDA). The analysis revealed a strong electrostatic character of the bonding in the complexes, with minor variations in electrical terms. The charge transfer (CT) had a comparable energetic contribution only in the case of neutral ligands, while in general, it showed notable variations regarding the various donor groups. Our data confirmed the general superiority of the carboxylate O and aromatic N donors. The combination of the selected efficient pendant arms pointed out the superiority of the acetate pendant arms and the lack of significant cooperation between the different pendant arms in the probed ligands. Altogether, the combination led only to a marginal enhancement in the total CTs in the complexes.
Ab Initio Manganese Kα and Kβ Energy Eigenvalues, Shake-Off Probabilities, Auger Rates, with Convergence Tests
Authors: Dean Jonathan William , Thompson Scott Neil , Chantler Christopher Thomas
Published: September 2024

This work presents ab initio calculations for the Kα spectrum of manganese (Z = 25, [Ar]3d54s2), a highly complex system due to the five open orbitals in the 3d shell. The spectrum is composed of the canonical diagram line [1s]→[2p] and shake-off satellite lines [1snl]→[2pnl] (nl∈{2s,2p,3s,3p,3d,4s}), where square brackets denote a hole state. The multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method with the active set approach provides the initial and final atomic wavefunctions. Results are presented as energy eigenvalue spectra for the diagram and satellite transitions. The calculated wavefunctions include over one hundred million configuration state functions and over 280,000 independent transition energies for the seven sets of spectra considered. Shake-off probabilities and Auger transition rates determine satellite intensities. The number of configuration state functions ensures highly-converged wavefunctions. Several measures of convergence demonstrate convergence in the calculated parameters. We obtain convergence of the transition energies in all eight transitions to within 0.06 eV and shake-off probabilities to within 4.5%.
Self-Assembled Nanostructure of Ionic Sn(IV)porphyrin Complex Based on Multivalent Interactions for Photocatalytic Degradation of Water Contaminants
Authors: Shee Nirmal Kumar , Kim Hee-Joon
Published: September 2024

[Sn(H2PO4)2(TPyHP)](H2PO4)4∙6H2O (2), an ionic tin porphyrin complex, was synthesized from the reaction of [Sn(OH)2TPyP] (1) with a dilute aqueous solution of a polyprotic acid (H3PO4). Complex 2 was fully characterized using various spectroscopic methods, such as X-ray single-crystal crystallography, 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, emission spectroscopy, EIS mass spectrometry, PXRD, and TGA analysis. The crystal structure of 2 reveals that the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the peripheral pyridinium groups and the axially coordinated dihydrogen phosphate ligands are the main driving force for the supramolecular assembly. Simultaneously, the overall association of these chains in 2 leads to an open framework with porous channels. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methyl orange dye and tetracycline antibiotic by 2 was 83% within 75 min (rate constant = 0.023 min−1) and 75% within 60 min (rate constant = 0.018 min−1), respectively. The self-assembly of 2 resulted in a nanostructure with a huge surface area, elevated thermodynamic stability, interesting surface morphology, and excellent catalytic photodegradation performance for water pollutants, making these porphyrin-based photocatalytic systems promising for wastewater treatment.
Naphthalimide-Based Amphiphiles: Synthesis and DFT Studies of the Aggregation and Interaction of a Simplified Model System with Water Molecules
Authors: Petkova Vladislava , Anastasova Denitsa , Dobrev Stefan , Mutovska Monika , Kircheva Nikoleta , Nikolova Valya , Kolev Spas D. , Stoyanov Stanimir , Zagranyarski Yulian , Dudev Todor , Angelova Silvia
Published: September 2024

Systems containing amphiphilic/pathic molecules have the tremendous capacity to self-assemble under appropriate conditions to form morphologies with well-defined structural order (systematic arrangement), nanometer-scale dimensions, and unique properties. In this work, the synthesis of novel naphthalimide-based amphiphilic probes that have 1,8-naphthalimide as the fluorescence signal reporting group, octyl as hydrophobic head, and PEG as hydrophilic tail, is described. These designed molecules represent a new class of self-assembling structures with some promising features. The lack of literature data on the use of 1,8-naphthalimides with cyclic and acyclic hydrophilic PEG fragments as self-assembling structures gives us the opportunity to initiate a new field in materials science. The successful synthesis of such structures is fundamental to synthetic chemistry, and computational studies of the aggregation and binding of water molecules shed light on the ability of these new systems to function as membrane water channels. This study not only expands the list of 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives but may also serve as a new platform for the development of membrane additives based on PEG-functionalized naphthalimides.
Self-Assembled Hybrid Halide Perovskite Quantum Wire Bundle/Dot for Multiband Applications
Authors: Jeon Hee Chang , Kim Seonghwan , Kim Young-Seong
Published: September 2024

In this study, self-assembled halide perovskite quantum wire bundles (QWBs)/quantum dots (QDs) are fabricated using a room temperature-based formation method. The one-dimensional (1D) perovskite-based QWB structures incorporate zero-dimensional QDs within a composite quantum structure. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that quantum wires with diameters ranging from tens of nanometers to approximately 200 nm maintain a single-crystal atomic arrangement in a bundle form. Conversely, QDs are uniformly distributed within the single-phase wire and appear as black dots < 10 nm. Photoluminescence analysis identifies the multiband characteristics of the emissions. The 420–440 nm band is attributed to 1D QWB, whereas the peak appearing in the 530–550 nm range corresponds to lead halide PbBr2 QDs. Thus, the proposed self-assembled 1D QWB/QD composite structure exhibits novel multiband physical properties in the 420–440 and 530–550 nm bands; it offers new opportunities for designing materials with potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
Toxicological Effects of Leachates Extracted from Photocatalytic Concrete Blocks with Nano-TiO2 on Daphnia magna
Authors: Facin Fernanda , Staub de Melo João Victor , Costa Puerari Rodrigo , Matias William Gerson
Published: September 2024

The incorporation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles into concrete blocks for paving adds photocatalytic functionality to the cementitious matrix, providing self-cleaning and pollutant-degrading properties. However, wear and leaching from these pavements can release potentially toxic compounds into water bodies, affecting aquatic organisms. In this context, this study evaluated the toxicological effects of leachates from photocatalytic concrete containing nano-TiO2 with an average size of 10 nm and anatase crystallinity on Daphnia magna. Acute and chronic toxicity tests on neonates were conducted with two leachate extracts: one from reference concrete and one from photocatalytic concrete (with 9% nano-TiO2 added by mass of cement). In terms of acute toxicity, the reference concrete extract had an EC50 of 104.0 mL/L at 48 h, whereas the concrete with TiO2 had an EC50 of 64.6 mL/L at 48 h. For chronic toxicity, the leachate from reference concrete had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the size parameter with an LOEC of 4 mL/L, whereas the leachate from concrete with 9% nano-TiO2 did not have significant toxicological effects on any of the analyzed parameters (longevity, size, reproduction, and age of first posture) (LOEC > 6.5 mL/L). Furthermore, FTIR analysis indicated that TiO2 nanoparticles were not detected in the leachates, suggesting efficient anchoring within the cementitious matrix. The results indicate that there was no increase in the chronic toxicity of the leachate from the cementitious matrix when nanoparticles were added at a 9% mass ratio of cement.
Doping the Spin-Polarized Graphene Minicone on Ni(111)
Authors: Tresca Cesare , Profeta Gianni , Bisti Federico
Published: September 2024

In the attempt to induce spin-polarized states in graphene (Gr), rare-earth deposition on Gr/Co(0001) has been demonstrated to be a successful strategy: the coupling of graphene with the cobalt substrate provides spin-polarized conical-shaped states (minicone) and the rare-earth deposition brings these states at the Fermi level. In this manuscript, we theoretically explore the feasibility of an analogue approach applied on Gr/Ni(111) doped with rare-earth ions by means of density functional theory calculations. Even if not well mentioned in the literature, this system owns a minicone, similar to the cobalt case. By testing different rare-earth ions, not only do we suggest which one can provide the required doping but we also explain the effect behind this proper charge transfer.
Intestinal Anti-Endomysium Antibodies Are a Useful Tool for Diagnosing Celiac Disease in Pediatric and Adult Patients
Authors: Zanchi Chiara , Ziberna Fabiana , Padoin Alessia , Visintin Alessia , Monica Fabio , Simeth Catrin , Cannizzaro Renato , Pelizzo Paola , Baragiotta Anna Maria , Brosolo Piero , Zamora Josefina Panos , Zilli Maurizio , Fontana Giorgia , Di Leo Grazia , Lega Sara , Bramuzzo Matteo , Ronfani Luca , De Leo Luigina , Not Tarcisio
Published: September 2024

Intestinal anti-endomysium antibodies are a specific marker of celiac disease. The diagnostic accuracy of this marker seems high in pediatric patients and has not yet been investigated in adults, so the aim of this prospective multicentric study was to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of this marker in childhood and adulthood. Pediatric and adult patients undergoing intestinal endoscopy for any intestinal condition were enrolled. Serological celiac disease markers and HLA type were evaluated in all patients. Intestinal biopsies were analyzed for standard histology and for intestinal anti-endomysium antibodies with biopsy culture assay. In this study, 291 patients (145 adults and 146 children) were included. In the adult population, 34 were diagnosed with celiac disease, 105 were controls, and, in 6, celiac disease was not confirmed. In the pediatric population, 77 were diagnosed with celiac disease, 57 were controls, and, in 12, celiac disease was not confirmed. High diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of intestinal anti-endomysium antibodies were confirmed in children and additionally proven in adults. To conclude, we can affirm that intestinal anti-endomysium antibodies can be detected with high diagnostic accuracy in both children and adults. The implementation of this marker in the diagnostic work-up would help clinicians to correctly identify celiac disease.
The Evaluation of Selected Trace Elements in Blood, Serum and Blood Cells of Type 2 Diabetes Patients with and without Renal Disorder
Authors: Kosmalski Marcin , Frankowski Rafał , Leszczyńska Joanna , Różycka-Kosmalska Monika , Pietras Tadeusz , Majak Iwona
Published: September 2024

Background: An appropriate diet is the basis for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, there are no strict recommendations regarding the content of micronutrients and their modifications in the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we decided to investigate whether T2DM patients, including those with CKD, have different levels of chromium, nickel, cobalt, magnesium, and zinc in various blood elements compared to healthy individuals. Methods: We divided our subjects into three groups: the control group (individuals without T2DM and proper renal function), those with T2DM and proper renal function, and those with T2DM and GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results: We observed higher levels of chromium in all materials examined in patients with T2DM and impaired renal function. Both study groups found higher levels of nickel in samples of whole blood and red blood cells. Patients with T2DM and proper renal function had higher levels of serum manganese. Both study groups had lower levels of serum zinc. We observed higher levels of chromium in all materials examined in patients with T2DM and impaired renal function. Both study groups found higher levels of nickel in samples of whole blood and red blood cells. Patients with T2DM and proper renal function had higher levels of serum manganese. Both study groups had lower levels of serum zinc. Conclusions: In order to ensure effective care for patients with T2DM, it is necessary to improve the standard diet, including the content of micronutrients and their modification in patients with concomitant CKD.
Degree of Food Processing (NOVA Classification) and Blood Pressure in Women with Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Sousa Amanda F. de , Campos Jéssica de O. , Oliveira Débora K. da S. , Pereira Jéssica G. , Santo Márcia J. do E. , Souza Viviane de O. N. , Simões-Alves Aiany C. , Costa-Silva João H.
Published: September 2024

(1) Background: We aimed to associate the degree of food processing with blood pressure levels in adult women. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 85 adult women. The participants were subdivided into three groups: normal weight (NW: 27.05%), overweight (OW: 34.1%) and obesity (OB: 38.8%). Their anthropometric parameters, food consumption and blood pressure (BP) were evaluated. The groups were compared using one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis test, and correlations were established using Spearman’s correlation, partial correlations (adjusted for age, medications and pathologies) and simple linear regression. Significance was set at p < 0.05. (3) Results: Women with obesity had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP = NW: 106.5 ± 11.6; OW: 111.60 ± 11.8; OB: 123.63 ± 14.0; p < 0.001 and DBP = NW: 66.5 ± 9.9; OW: 70.2 ± 8.7; OB: 80.6 ± 11.0; p < 0.001) and a lower consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed food (MPF) (NW: 0.25 ± 0.1; OW: 0.27 ± 0.09; OB: 0.21 ± 0.07; p = 0.027). Moreover, we found an inverse association among the consumption of MPF and diastolic blood pressure that remained after adjustments for covariates (r: −0.27; p = 0.01), suggesting that lower consumption of MPF is related to higher levels of DBP. (4) Conclusions: Our data suggest that women with obesity seem to have a lower consumption of MPF. In addition, MPF is negatively correlated with BP, suggesting an association with obesity and cardiovascular health.
Combination of Turmeric and Vitamin B6 in Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Retrospective Single-Arm Study
Authors: Aouididi Rayhana , Qutieshat Abubaker
Published: September 2024

Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic condition characterized by an intractable burning sensation in the oral cavity without visible mucosal lesions. Current treatment options are diverse but often limited by variable efficacy and patient tolerance. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of turmeric combined with vitamin B6 (pyridoxine HCl) in treating BMS. Methods: In this retrospective, single-arm study, 28 non-smoking female patients with BMS were treated with a daily regimen of turmeric and vitamin B6 for 60 days. The pain intensity was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) before treatment initiation (baseline VAS, BVAS) and after the treatment period (final VAS, FVAS). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was utilized to analyze changes in the VAS scores. Results: The mean BVAS score was 5.61 (SD = 1.87), indicating moderate pain at baseline. Post-treatment, the mean FVAS score significantly decreased to 2.14 (SD = 1.35). The median delta in the VAS scores demonstrated a substantial reduction in pain intensity (median delta = 4.0; mean delta = 3.46; SD = 2.05). Statistical analyses revealed a significant reduction in the VAS scores (W = 0.0, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The combination of turmeric and vitamin B6 was found to significantly reduce pain scores in patients with BMS, indicating this therapeutic approach may be a promising alternative for BMS management. Larger-scale clinical trials are warranted to further validate these findings.
Antiviral Activity of Angelica Tenuissima Nakai against Influenza A Virus
Authors: Park Won-Jong , Bae Gi-Sang , Han Youn-Ho
Published: September 2024

The influenza A virus poses a serious threat to human health and is an important global public health issue. The drugs currently used for treatment are becoming increasingly ineffective against influenza A viruses and require the development of new antiviral drugs. Angelica tenuissima Nakai (ATN), a traditional herbal medicine belonging to the Umbelliferae family, exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities, including inflammation, headache, and cold symptoms. In the present study, based on target protein identification, functional enrichment analysis, and gene set comparisons, we first suggested that ATN has potential therapeutic effects against influenza A virus infection. Next, methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) and sulforhodamine B colorimetric (SRB) assay results revealed that ATN exhibited low cytotoxicity in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The antiviral properties of ATN were observed against H1N1 and H3N2 virus strains. Microscopy confirmed the increased survival rate of the host cells. Further time-of-addition experiments revealed that the addition of ATN before virus adsorption showed similar results to the whole period of treatment. The pre- and co-treated groups showed lower levels of viral RNA (M1 protein). The results of this study suggest that ATN exhibits antiviral properties against the influenza A virus. These therapeutic properties of ATN can serve as a theoretical basis for further research on the applicability of ATN in the development of antiviral agents.
Analysis and Selection of the Optimal Pump Laser Power Density for SERF Co-Magnetometer Used in Rotation Sensing
Authors: Zhang Kai , Yuan Linlin , Cai Ze , Gao Hang , Wang Rui , Du Pengcheng , Zhou Xinxiu
Published: September 2024

This paper systematically studies the output noise model of the K-Rb-21Ne co-magnetometer and proposes the method for determining the optimal pump laser power density. The amplitude-frequency response and the equivalent model for each frequency band are obtained through the transfer function of the co-magnetometer. Based on the established model and considering the power spectral density characteristics of magnetic noise, the output noise equation is formulated. Consequently, the pump laser power density yielding minimal output noise is determined. Both experimental and simulation results indicate that the pump laser power density yielding minimal output noise is greater than the pump laser power density corresponding to the maximum scale factor. Moreover, when the co-magnetometer operates at the pump laser power density corresponding to the minimal output noise, the output noise can be reduced by approximately 25%, and the Allan variance reaches its optimal value. The optimal Allan variance at 180 °C and 190 °C are 0.01395°/h @100 s and 0.01329°/h @100 s, respectively. Therefore, this pump laser power density is designated as the optimal pump laser power density for the co-magnetometer. Finally, simulations are conducted to investigate the variation patterns of the optimal pump laser power density points and the minimum output noise under different density ratios and gas pressures. The theories and methods proposed in this paper provide significant reference value for selecting the optimal pump laser power density and suppressing magnetic noise in co-magnetometers.
Scattering and One Neutron Pick-Up Reaction on a 10B Target with Deuterons at an Energy of 14.5 MeV
Authors: Saduyev Nurzhan , Nassurlla Maulen , Burtebayev Nassurlla , Sakuta Stanislav , Nassurlla Marzhan , Kalikulov Orazaly , Khojayev Romazan , Sabidolda Avganbek , Issayev Damir
Published: September 2024

The elastic and inelastic scattering of deuterons on 10B nuclei and the 10B(d, t)9B reaction were studied at a deuteron energy of 14.5 MeV. In inelastic scattering, differential cross-sections for transitions to 10B states at excitation energies, Ex, of 0.718 MeV (1+), 2.154 MeV (1+), and 3.59 MeV (2+) were measured. The cross-sections of the (d, t) reaction were measured for the ground (3/2−) and excited states of the 9B nucleus at Ex = 2.361 MeV (5/2−) and 2.79 MeV (5/2+). An analysis of the corresponding angular distributions was carried out using the coupled channel method. As a result of the calculations, the values of the quadrupole deformation parameters (β2 ≈ 0.7 ± 0.1) for various transitions in the 10B nucleus in inelastic scattering were extracted. From the analysis of the (d, t) reaction, the values of spectroscopic amplitudes (SA = 0.67 and SA = 0.94) for transitions to the states of the 9B nucleus were extracted. The results obtained here, taking into account possible measurement errors, are in good agreement with the previously obtained data and the theoretical predictions.
Genetic Diversity of Promising Spring Wheat Accessions from Russia and Kazakhstan for Rust Resistance
Authors: Gultyaeva Elena , Shaydayuk Ekaterina , Shreyder Ekaterina , Kushnirenko Igor , Shamanin Vladimir
Published: September 2024

Spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a major crop in Russia and in Kazakhstan. The rust pathogens, leaf rust caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina, stem rust incited by P. graminis and yellow rust caused by P. striiformis, are the significant biotic factors affecting wheat production. In this study, 40 new promising spring wheat genotypes from the Kazakhstan-Siberia Network for Spring Wheat Improvement (KASIB) were tested for resistance to leaf, stem and yellow rust at the seedling stage, and for identification of rust resistance genes using molecular markers. In addition, the collection was tested for leaf rust resistance and grain yields in the South Urals agroclimatic zone of Russia in 2023. As a result, 16 accessions with seedling resistance to leaf rust, 21 to stem rust and 4 to yellow rust were identified. Three breeding accessions were resistant to all rust species, and nine to P. triticina and P. graminis. Wheat accessions resistant to leaf rust at the seedling stage were also resistant in the field. Molecular analysis showed the presence of cataloged resistance genes, Lr1, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr20, Lr24, Lr26, Sr15, Sr24, Sr25, Sr31, Sr38, Yr9 and Yr18; uncatalogued genes Lr6Agi1 and Lr6Agi2 from Thinopyrum intermedium and LrAsp from Aegilops speltoides; and 1AL.1RS translocation. The current analysis showed an increase in leaf and stem rust resistance of new KASIB genotypes and their genetic diversity due to the inclusion of alien genetic material in breeding.