bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of diffusion tensor imaging for the assessment of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic viral hepatitis: A preliminary study
Authors: YAPICI UGURLAR Ozge , BUGDAYCI Mehmet Sait , MAHMUTOGLU Abdullah Soydan , ALKIM Canan , YILMAZ OZGUVEN Banu , OZEL Alper , BASAK Muzaffer , AYKUT Yasin , OZKURT Huseyin , ERTURK Sukru Mehmet
Published: May 2020

Objective: To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the assessment of liver fibrosis andinflammation in chronic viral hepatitis by measuring apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (Fa) values.Material and Methods: Twenty-seven patients (5 women and 22 men;mean age39.8±11.3) with hepatic fibrosis were included inour study. The relationship between ADC, Fa values and histological activity index (HAI) score were evaluated using Spearman’scorrelation coefficient. Patients were subgrouped as group A (fibrosis score 1) and group B (fibrosis score 3). The mean ADC and Favalues of groups A and B were compared using Student’s t-test. To evaluate the use of ADC and Fa values in distinguishing group Afrom group B, ROC analysis was applied; sensitivities and specificities were calculated.Results: Fa values correlated with HAI scores significantly (r=0.397, p<0.05) The difference was significant between the mean ADCvalues (group A:1.46± 0.191x103mm2/s; group B:1.105± 0.141x10-3 mm2/s; p<0.001) and Fa values (group A: 0.473±0.091; groupB: 0.643± 0.007; p<0.001) between the groups. For distinguishing group A from group B, ADC had a sensitivity of 81.8% and aspecificity of 93.8%. The sensitivity and specificity of Fa were 90.9% and 100%, respectively.Conclusion: Diffusion tensor imaging may play a role in the evaluation of fibrosis and HAI scores in patients with liver fibrosis.
Global Surgery: The Perspective of Public Health Students
Authors: Hout Brittany A. , Matthews Eric P. , Van Gent Jan-Michael
Published: May 2020

Current research has emphasized the importance of increased involvement of medical professionals and global health specialists for the success of global surgery efforts. This quantitative descriptive study aimed to examine public health students’ perceptions of global surgery. A 21- question mixed method online survey was distributed over eight weeks via student email to all students enrolled in the Masters of Public Health Program at A.T. Still University (ATSU) College of Graduate Health Studies. Of 212 students, 35 (16.5%) respondents completed the survey with 30 students reporting interest in global health in their future public health careers. Two-thirds of students erroneously identified infectious diseases as the leading cause of death worldwide, not traumatic injury. Participants identified infectious disease and OB/GYN as the two medical fields to contribute significantly to global health. Surgical care was felt to be the least economically cost-effective medical field for low and middle-income countries (LMICs). As the first project to report perspectives of public health students regarding global surgery, this study highlighted several significant misconceptions concerning global surgery. Like the results from similar studies in medical students, it is alarming that there is such a paucity of community health knowledge surrounding surgery and its effects on global surgical needs. Further research should focus on the effect on student perceptions after curriculum modification include education regarding the burden of surgical disease and role of global surgery.
Psychosocial Stress and Problems toward Infertility: A Pilot Study of Differences between Immigrant and Nonimmigrant Infertile Couples in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Lee Tsorng-Yeh
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial stress and problems regarding infertility and to compare the differences in these two variables on infertile couples in Canada. Fifty infertile, heterosexual individuals were selected as the study participants by convenient sampling. Participants filled out three questionnaires after their infertility appointment and were divided into two groups, depending on their immigration status. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS.26). Significant differences in infertility stress and psychosocial problems existed between these two groups, with immigrants’ scores significantly higher than nonimmigrants’ scores. Years of marriage showed positive relationships with infertility stress and problems. In addition, a positive relationship existed between years of infertility and infertility problems. Furthermore, a significant negative relationship existed between the length of time living in Canada and infertility stress. The results of this study enhanced our knowledge of psychosocial stress and problems faced by infertile couples. Findings suggest that immigrants had more infertility stress and problems than nonimmigrants. Understanding infertile couples’ stress and problems provides the basis for informing and changing nursing practices on how to work with infertile couples, adjusting health policy related to infertility treatment, and needing future research in this area.      
2020/2 Introduction of 25 years as maximum age for participation in air traffic controllers recruiting process found unjustified (BE)
Authors: Busschaert Gautier
Published: May 2020

2020/2 Introduction of 25 years as maximum age for participation in air traffic controllers recruiting process found unjustified (BE)

Relying on the prohibition of age discrimination stemming from Directive 2000/78, the Brussels Labour Tribunal, in a judgment of 28 November 2019, ruled that an age limit of 25 for the recruitment of air traffic controllers constituted direct discrimination. Its decision was grounded on the fact that even if there are objective reasons related to air traffic safety which may justify setting an age limit for applicants, the employer must adduce concrete evidence based on scientific facts.
2020/4 Admissibility of Employers’ Requirements regarding Religious Symbols in Workplace (GE)
Authors: Dressel Caroline
Published: May 2020

2020/4 Admissibility of Employers’ Requirements regarding Religious Symbols in Workplace (GE)

Many national decisions in Germany in the past had to deal with employers’ requirements regarding religious symbols in the workplace. Also, in 2017, the ECJ has dealt with two matters of such. Whilst the ECJ strictly refers to the principles of entrepreneurial freedom, the Federal Labour Court (Bundesarbeitsgericht, the ‘BAG’) tends to give priority to religious freedom. Last year, the BAG appealed to the ECJ for final clarification, in particular regarding the relationship between the basic rights of entrepreneurs and the constitutional right to religious freedom, by way of a preliminary ruling procedure with its decision dated 30 January 2019.
2020/5 An undefined number of consecutive fixed-term contracts for the duration of 12 years does not necessarily violate EU law (AT)
Authors: Kager Ines
Published: May 2020

2020/5 An undefined number of consecutive fixed-term contracts for the duration of 12 years does not necessarily violate EU law (AT/EU)

On 3 October 2019, in case C-274/18 (Schuch-Ghannadan), the ECJ held that a national regulation, which provides for different maximum total durations of successive fixed-term employment contracts for part-time workers on the one hand and full-time workers on the other, could result in a discrimination of part-time workers and an indirect discrimination of women.
2020/11 Whistleblowing dismissal unfair where decision-maker was manipulated by another manager (UK)
Authors: Lister Richard
Published: May 2020

2020/11 Whistleblowing dismissal unfair where decision-maker was manipulated by another manager (UK)

In a decision with implications for unfair dismissal law generally, the UK’s Supreme Court (SC) ruled that it is not always necessary for a dismissing manager to know about whistleblowing disclosures made by an employee in order for that dismissal to be automatically unfair.
2020/12 The legal position of bicycle deliverers in Austria (AT)
Authors: Dullinger Thomas
Published: May 2020

2020/12 The legal position of bicycle deliverers in Austria (AT)

In Austria, a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) for bicycle deliverers has been in force since 1 January 2020. According to the contracting parties (the Austrian Chamber of Commerce and the Austrian Trade Union Federation), it is the first of its kind worldwide. https://www.vida.at/cms/S03/S03_4.8.a/1342616918551/kollektivvertrag/strasse/weltweit-erster-kv-fuer-fahrradboten-abgeschlossen. On this occasion, this article examines the legal basis for employment in this sector and whether this long-awaited step will really lead to an improvement for bicycle deliverers.
Minor or Major? Castilian Tabernacle-Altarpieces and Monumental Arts
Authors: Gutiérrez Baños Fernando
Published: May 2020

This article explores the origin and distinctive features of Castilian tabernacle-altarpieces. Less attention will be paid to the well-known specimens of the fourteenth century (as for example the Castildelgado and Yurre altarpieces) and the focus will be on some poorly preserved, fragmented and manipulated specimens of the late thirteenth century, for which proposals of reconstruction are provided in some instances. To investigate the origin of Castilian tabernacle-altarpieces, the study centres on several thirteenth-century sculptures that were placed either before back panels or within baldachins to highlight them. These displays are usually regarded as the forerunners of genuine tabernacle-altarpieces. In this context, special attention is paid to the images of the Virgin and Child in the church of Villalcázar de Sirga (Palencia). Concerning the distinctive features of Castilian tabernacle-altarpieces, the text points out the relationship between the earliest tabernacle-altarpieces and the locally produced monumental and tomb sculpture, which in all likelihood served as a model for these early altarpieces.
Tabernacle Shrines (1180–1400) as a European Phenomenon: Types, Spread, Survival
Authors: Kroesen Justin , Tångeberg Peter
Published: May 2020

Tabernacle shrines from the period 1180–1400 are rare today, and not a single one is entirely preserved with its original polychromy and in the context for which it was made. Most examples are found in Scandinavia, Italy, and the Iberian Peninsula, which indicates that such shrines were a European phenomenon. This is confirmed by isolated survivals found in intermediate locations in France, Germany, and Slovakia. The similarities between these objects from the north, center, and south of Europe enable us to follow their Europe-wide development. The one country that possesses by far the largest number of preserved tabernacle shrines is Sweden. This is why the present study refers to Swedish examples to identify European types. The first type is the ‘Appuna-type’ shrines, dating from c. 1200, that contain an early sculpture of the Sedes Sapientiae. The second group are shrines of the Fröskog-type, which are characterized by the presense of reliefs on the interiors of their wings. The third type, more vertical and of architectural character, is called the ‘Kil-type’ and had its largest spread during the fourteenth century. It was in the relative periphery of the continent, and in modest churches in isolated locations, that tabernacle shrines had the best chances of surviving. The fact that academic art history was not invented precisely there has largely prevented tabernacle shrines from making it into our art-historical handbooks to date.
(Dis)closed: Tabernacle Altarpieces in the Rhineland
Authors: Ralcheva Pavla
Published: May 2020

Most of the tabernacle altarpieces preserved throughout Europe are fragmented, overpainted, and reconstructed, thus impeding a closer analysis of their image program. A detailed study of the earliest fully preserved representatives of this altarpiece type originating from the Lower and Middle Rhine as well as some other little-known late medieval examples from this region will cast some light upon topics such as the construction and evolution of the form as well as the iconography and media used in its creation and its possible impact on the spectator. This study concentrates on a small group of almost completely preserved tabernacle altarpieces, which allows detailed observation of their all-around design. This enables an examination of the ensemble of sculpture and painting, the strategies of emphasizing the venerated sculpture as well as points of reference between the images on the interior and on the exterior. Another aspect of this survey addresses questions regarding the different ways an altar could be adjusted and displayed spatially (with the wings fully open or partially closed) and the perception of these objects, most of which are designed to be viewed from all sides - issues that have received little attention in the research on tabernacle-altarpieces so far. The results of this brief survey will also serve as groundwork for answering questions about the long durability of the tabernacle altarpieces alongside new forms such as winged altarpieces.
Hungry Translations
Authors: Nagar Richa
Published: May 2020

The dominant landscape of knowledge and policy rests on a fundamental inequality: bodies who are seen as hungry are deemed available for the interventions of experts, but those experts often obliterate the ways that hungry people actively create politics and knowledge by living dynamic visions of what is ethical and what makes the good life. Hungry Translations approaches this socio-political and epistemic injustice by embodying a radically vulnerable collective praxis of unlearning and relearning that interweaves critical epistemology with critical pedagogy as an ongoing movement of relationships, visions, and modes of being. It argues for an ever-evolving quest that refuses imposed frameworks and that seeks to open up spaces for embracing the serendipitous and the untranslatable in the relation between self and other. Through storytelling, poems, diaries, songs, and play, Nagar theorizes lessons from journeys undertaken with thousands of co-travellers in three interrelated realms of embodied learning: the first comprises Sangtin Kisan Mazdoor Sangathan, a movement of 8000 small farmers and mazdoors working in Sitapur District of Uttar Pradesh. The second sphere involves a partnership with Parakh Theatre to collectively interrogate Hindu Brahmanical patriarchy, casteism, hunger, and death with 20 amateur and professional actors in Mumbai. Third, these interlayered journeys birth "Stories, Bodies, Movements: A Syllabus in Fifteen Acts," a course that grapples with continuous relearning of our worlds by reimagining the classroom through theatre.
Introduction
Authors: Okamura Jonathan Y.
Published: May 2020

The introduction presents the book’s principal argument that the speedy conviction and death sentence given to Myles Fukunaga, a likely insane Japanese American teenager, for killing a ten-year-old White boy, Gill Jamieson, was a major element in a trajectory of racial injustice against non-Whites. These injustices, which prevailed during the 1920s and 1930s, were directed against other non-Whites, such as labor organizers, who defied White (Haole) supremacy. Brought to light is how the racial category “Haole,” as socially constructed in Hawai‘i, differed in meaning and significance from White as understood in the continental United States, and how the Fukunaga case has been the subject of both scholarly and popular interest since its occurrence
Conclusion
Authors: Okamura Jonathan Y.
Published: May 2020

The Conclusion provides a racial comparison between the Fukunaga and Kahahawai cases and argues that Joe Kahahawai was also raced to death after being falsely accused of raping Thalia Massie. Based on their previous dispensing of racial injustice against non-Haoles, Haoles knew they could manipulate the criminal justice system for their benefit. So they subverted that system to have the ten-year sentences of the convicted killers of Kahahawai commuted to one hour. The racial significance of the Fukunaga case is hence evident in its illuminating how race maintained Haole supremacy and non-Haole oppression, despite the claims of colorblind justice and multicultural harmony. The chapter discusses the most recent public assertions of colorblindness and multiculturalism in Hawai‘i, which continue to be deployed to sustain ethnic inequality.
Advanced Studies in Folklore
Authors: Davis Susan G.
Published: May 2020

In 1953, forced out of business by postal authorities, Legman moved to Paris. There he turned his attention to a long-planned series, Advanced Studies in Folklore, which he hoped would eventually cover songs, stories, jokes, rhymes, and vocabulary, as well as nonverbal forms like gestures and graffiti. His first volume in the series was anonymous, The Limerick (1954), which garnered him fans in the United States and provided a modest income. Legman moved on to research folk songs in English that had been censored or ignored because of their erotic or obscene content. His “Ballad” project would occupy Legman for decades. As he worked on it, Legman corresponded extensively with folklorists such as Roger Abrahams, Vance Randolph, and Kenneth Goldstein and with archivists at the Library of Congress. His letters reveal his romantic, textual orientation toward folk song and show his efforts to open folklore study to consideration of obscenity and erotica. Legman’s persistent research led to such important discoveries as an unpublished song manuscript by Robert Burns and to a deep understanding of the history of folk song collecting. It also gave him productive friendships with the British folklorists and folk song revival singers Ewan MacColl and Hamish Henderson.
The Dancer in Translation
Authors: Durkin Hannah
Published: May 2020

This chapter focuses on three of Baker’s memoirs, Voyages et aventures de Joséphine Baker (1931), Une vie de toutes les couleurs (1935), and Josephine (1978), to recover her intellectual voice and contributions to Black women’s literary tradition. The memoirs aid in Baker’s commodification insofar as they were cowritten by white men and their publications were timed to capitalize on specific Baker shows and, finally, on her death. Yet disjunctures between the main narrative and sections written expressly by her coauthors suggest that she exercised significant authorial control over the texts. The memoirs serve as self-reflexive critiques of the racial intolerance that Baker encountered in the United States and Europe and, as such, provide vital insights into psychological experiences that influenced her art and antiracist activism.
The Dancer as Translator
Authors: Durkin Hannah
Published: May 2020

This chapter investigates Katherine Dunham’s book-length ethnographies, Journey to Accompong (1946) and Island Possessed (1969), as autobiographical narratives that document the origins of her cross-cultural artistry. These texts recount Dunham’s experiences as a dance anthropologist in mid-1930s Jamaica and Haiti, shortly before she postponed her academic training to pursue a career on the stage and screen. Like Baker’s narratives, both works are highly reflexive and ambiguous and thus deserve recognition within an African American women’s autobiographical tradition. They position Dunham as a self-conscious narrator who immerses herself physically in the cultural practices that she has been assigned to record. Both texts therefore shed light on a much wider lifelong project, namely, Dunham’s attempt to legitimize Caribbean cultures by incorporating their dance rituals into concert dance.
Joanna Russ and the New Wave
Authors: Jones Gwyneth
Published: May 2020

“Experiment and Experience” covers Joanna’s first years as a reviewer for the Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, under the editorship of Judith Merril, and her first post as a university teacher at Cornell, and discusses modernism in sf, Joanna’s role as interpreter of the British “New Worlds” writers and the American New Wave and her
response to the protest movements and cultural revolutions of the 1960s (in the psychedelic “Modernist novel by a Star Trek fan”) And Chaos Died. Essays and stories (1968-1971) examined include the important “The Wearing Out of Genre Materials,” and autobiographical short fictions that foreshadow The Female Man and illuminate And Chaos Died.
Year Zero Art
Authors: Jones Gwyneth
Published: May 2020

“Year Zero Art” situates Second Wave feminism in the context of the “domestic revival” decreed by Cold War politics; examines historical female-ordered utopias, and provides a close reading of the polemic, idyllic, and lyric voices; the layered realities and the “many worlds” speculative-science content of Joanna’s highly personal 1975 novel, The Female Man. Essays and reviews described include radical feminist criticism of Ursula K. Le Guin’s novels; the groundbreaking “Why Women Can’t Write”; the controversial “Image of Women in Science Fiction” and “Alien Monsters,” in which Joanna defines the pernicious sf figure of the “he-man.” Stories related to The Female Man (1971-75) include “When It Changed,” the Nebula Award-winning conventional sf version of The Female Man.
Interviews
Authors: Jones Gwyneth
Published: May 2020

Interview conducted by email in 2017–18

GWYNETH JONES:

You met Joanna Russ when you were at the University of Washington, and she became your self-chosen mentor—for a while. Could you tell me how that came about?

KATHRYN CRAMER:

When I was in high school, my father got back in contact with Gene Wolfe, whom he had known as a child. Gene came to Seattle to attend Norwescon and suggested that we come out. That was my first sf convention. I’m not sure if it was at that Norwescon or one a few years later, but I saw Joanna Russ speak on panels and found out she was on the University of Washington faculty. She was an amazing, charismatic speaker, and I decided that I wanted to take courses with her and looked her up in the university catalog after the convention. I took several quarters of her science fiction writing class. I don’t remember if I had read any of her work before I started taking her class. I think I may have read a couple of her novels as preparation. But I had already decided to take her class based on listening to her talk at Norwescon. Many of her students were a bit scared of her and so her office hours were very open timewise. I would just go and talk to her for as much of the time as was available. If anyone else showed up, I would defer. A guy named Michael Gilbert, who later went to Clarion West with me, usually was there, too. My big regret is that she taught a science fiction criticism course and I didn’t take it. Michael took it; I was involved in student government and didn’t have the time. But I heard all about what they studied from Michael....
“Don‘t Let Nobody Bother Yo’ Principle”
Authors: Davis Adrienne D.
Published: May 2020

The organizing essay of the collection presents the important concept of sexual economy of slavery. It examines the ways that slavery's sexual and racial subordination converged around the bodies of enslaved black women. It documents slavery as a "sexual political economy" to make explicit the connections between its markets, labor structure, and sexual exploitation. It designates slavery a sexual economy to foreground slavery's gender hierarchies and mechanisms of subordination as well as to show how slavery offered early illustrations of the social construction and fluidity of gender and the false dichotomy between public and private relations. In sum, the chapter demonstrates that race, sex, and slavery combined to produce an entirely different notion of intimacy and sexual anxieties and how those were managed and reproduced.
Playin’ Race
Authors: Cruz Ariane
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the BDSM practice of race play. Focusing on the sexual performances of black women, Cruz reveals performances of domination and submission in BDSM as inventive modes for and of black women's pleasure, power, and agency. BDSM is a critical site from which to rethink the formative links between black female sexuality and violence; in BDSM sexual practices violence becomes not just a vehicle of pleasure but also a mode of accessing and contesting power. Reconciled by the erection of fragile yet formidable boundaries between the constructs of fantasy/reality, inside/outside, mind/body, and black/white, black women BDSMers engage in an elaborate play of race in the pursuit of not only sexual pleasure but also empowerment and sentience. Cruz examines race play as a particularly problematic yet powerful BDSM practice for black women, one that illuminates the contradictory dynamics of racialized pleasure and power via the eroticization of racism and racial sexual alterity. Race play, as Cruz argues, irradiates the fantasies and enactments of racialized violence (mytho-historically conceived) that sex and sexual performance across the color line recite, particularly within the realm of BDSM.
“Happy at Last”
Authors: McCune Jeffrey Q.
Published: May 2020

“Branded Beautiful” examines the relationship between individual pop celebrity, the promotion of a national identity, and the use of sexuality while branding each. Barbados promotes itself as a site of controlled abandon straddling performances of modernity while cashing in on imaginaries of “primitive” exoticism. Robyn “Rihanna” Fenty’s pop stardom is built on an ever-changing boldness that often includes in your face sexuality. The relationship between Rihanna and representations of Barbados is fraught with ambiguity. Using Rihanna’s August 2011 LOUD tour concert in Barbados, “Branded Beautiful” argues that the events surrounding the show shed light on the differing sexual economies of pop stardom and national tourism; that such divergences highlight the insecurities of nation-states seeking to make a name for themselves within a global market; and that despite the distinctions it is quite hard for a nation-state to divorce celebrity focused attention from an ideal national image.
Gospel Drag
Authors: Redmond Shana L.
Published: May 2020

Gender has been under-theorized within studies of people of African descent. This problem has led to the misunderstanding, suppression, and exclusion of transgendered and gender non-conforming people's experiences and identities within research on black sexuality, including black queer sexuality. This problem has been especially egregious in the burgeoning scholarship on black masculinity that has ignored black female and transmale masculinities that challenge the very ontological conceptions of black manhood upon which this scholarship is based. Black transgender and gender non-conforming people have created and continue to fashion a myriad of strategies to construct their identities in various positional relationships to binary gender and sexual categories. Performance has been a means through which these strategies are enacted. Bailey and Richardson interrogate African American gender common sense as demonstrated in dominant institutions of the black mega church and historically black colleges and universities, impact our understanding of trans- or non-conforming masculinities. They also examine how Ballroom and drag culture (and other gender queer communities) allow for and facilitate the construction of both hegemonic and alternative embodiments of masculinities.
Framing the Video Vixen
Authors: Blake Felice
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the transnational circulation of notions of black hypersexuality in Brazil and beyond. It focuses on three sites of analysis that explore how cross-cultural perceptions of sexual difference are produced and perpetuated in the tourism industry. First, it examines Oswaldo Sargentelli’s Oba-Oba mulata shows, which situated the mulata on stage as an eroticized spectacle for the consumption of white male foreigners. Second, it analyzes a YouTube video that depicts a young Arnold Schwarzenegger on stage dancing with a woman of African descent who is dancing samba. Seeing her scantily clad, he takes the opportunity to grab her behind. Finally, the presentation reflects on the Marcha das Vadias (Slut Walk) that occurred in Salvador for the three years (2011-2013). In these three sites of analysis, women of African descent, like “sluts” and sex workers, are seen as having no bodily rights worth protecting. This presentation draws upon often overlooked scholarship on black Brazilian feminisms to address how black Brazilian women “recuperate and re-imagine their own sexualities” within a transnational tourism industry that depends upon their bodies and their emotional and sexual labor.
The Dramedy in Queer of Color
Authors: Dominguez Pier
Published: May 2020

This essay explores how the distinct sexual economy of queer sex publics shapes black queer subjectivity. Focusing on how the illicit economies of the street and the illicit sexual labor of black same-sex desiring men overlap in queer sex publics, sometimes posing a threat to black men engaging in such “risky” sexual activity, this chapter argues that black queer subjectivity emerges precisely within these spatiotemporal entanglements of death and desire. Through close readings of two short stories by Jamaican-American gay author G. Winston James, the first scholarly treatment of his work to date, the author explores literary representations of black gay protagonists who encounter death while cruising for sex. The author ultimately calls for a queer reading practice that holds representations of death, oftentimes central to black queer narratives, in critical tension with representations of black queer desire.
Cheryl Clarke’s Clit Agency
Authors: Green David B.
Published: May 2020

This chapter focuses on Noah’s Arc (Logo, 2005-2006) a television show featuring four gay men of color that aired for two seasons on the gay lifestyle-oriented cable channel Logo. It argues that Noah's Arc works within the popular cultural genre of the dramedy to engage with—while also contradicting and disrupting—new normativities of race, sexuality and its intersections. First it contextualizes the anxieties around black middle class heteronormativity and outlines some of the ways in which these anxieties have been negotiated through black televisuality. Then it provides an interpretation of Noah’s Arc from a queer of color perspective to understand its problematic framing of race, sexuality and its intersections as mostly an intra-racial problem of gay black masculinities and femininities. Given that the program has been criticized for foregrounding its characters’ negotiation of gender and sexuality at the expense of their race, it theorizes the program’s use of media self-reflexivity—in other words, its own representations of the television and film industry—to complicate its message about the roles of race and sexuality in the culture industry. Finally, it examines digital reception of the program to understand the way differently positioned audiences—primarily queer men of color—derived pleasure from the program’s campy aesthetics and melodramatic excess.
On Being a Black Sexual Intellectual
Authors: Nixon Angelique V.
Published: May 2020

This chapter provides a critical reading of Cheryl Clarke's second volume of poetry, Living as a Lesbian. Situating this text within the larger context of black women's poetry, Green argues that its erotic aesthetic works to critique the historic erasure of the black lesbian body in the discourse of African American life as it simultaneously pushes toward and away from theories of sexuality that limit and thus reduce black women’s linguistic economies to metaphors of sexual desire.
The Book of Joy
Authors: Wallace Anya M. , Hernandez Jillian
Published: May 2020

The Book of Joy is an exhibition for which we have compiled an eclectic collection of images, poems, and interview transcripts culled from our research on queer young black women’s sexualities and arts-based community work. Taking our cue from the practice and passion of Zanele Muholi, a black queer South African artist and activist based in Johannesburg who generates portraits of queer communities, we purposefully stray from our scholarly essay writing practice here in order to situate an evocative and more direct accounting of black queer young women’s erotics within the larger framework of this anthology. Although the work of our participants is nevertheless mediated through our process of collection, selection, framing, and ordering, we, like Zanele, believe that the creative expression and documentation of queer black lives is a significant politic. This project stems from the desire to witness and consume representations of Black female sexuality that are diverse, full, and comprehensive. In curating this exhibition, we draw on our action research designed to facilitate collective learning experiences with young Black women and girls in regards to visual culture, sex, sexuality, and pleasure. When the discussion of black queer young women’s lives is either non-existent or saturated by the overwhelming realities of harassment, trauma, depression, and violence that can also mark them, a focus on pleasure becomes an urgent project.
Striving for the Big Leagues
Authors: Ehrlich Matthew C.
Published: May 2020

This chapter looks at how Kansas City and Oakland obtained major league franchises by poaching them from elsewhere, part of a nationwide trend that began in the 1950s and accelerated in the 1960s. The Kansas City Star helped lure baseball’s Athletics from Philadelphia to Kansas City in 1954; the team would face significant trials under owners Arnold Johnson and Charles Finley. In 1963 Lamar Hunt moved the Dallas Texans football team to Kansas City. Oakland already had landed its own football franchise that foundered until Al Davis assumed leadership. The Oakland Tribune shepherded the drive to build the Oakland Coliseum, whereas in 1967 Kansas City passed a bond issue to build its own stadium complex, only to lose the A’s to Oakland.
Chiefs vs. Raiders, Part II
Authors: Ehrlich Matthew C.
Published: May 2020

This chapter tells of the decline of the Kansas City Chiefs after they moved to Arrowhead Stadium in 1972. The Chiefs still could beat the Oakland Raiders at home, but coach Hank Stram was finally fired. The Raiders dominated their division but routinely lost during the playoffs, and they were branded as not being able to win the big game. The two football teams’ frustrations coincided with confrontations over Kansas City’s and Oakland’s investments in professional sports. Citizen groups filed legal challenges over Kansas City’s new sports complex and plans for the city’s new Kemper Arena, whereas the Black Panthers used its newspaper to present a comprehensive critique of Oakland’s ruling elite, including the people who built and profited from the Oakland Coliseum.
“Triumph and Tragedy”
Authors: Ehrlich Matthew C.
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the highs and lows that would be experienced by Kansas City and Oakland and the athletes who played there. The Kansas City Royals won their first division title in 1976, the same year that Kansas City hosted the Republican National Convention. The Oakland Raiders won their first Super Bowl in 1977, the same year that Oakland elected its first African American mayor. But the two cities were scarred by violence from organized crime and the Symbionese Liberation Army, as businesses were dynamited and a school superintendent was assassinated. Players on the cities’ sports teams were enmeshed in charges of thuggery and racism, and some football players sustained profound injuries that would not become fully apparent until years later.
Defining Equality
Authors: Jabour Anya
Published: May 2020

Chapter 6 explores the “equality versus difference” debate--a defining feature of feminism in modern America--through the lens of Breckinridge’s work in both the national suffrage organization, the National American Woman Suffrage Association, and its successor organization, the League of Women Voters. By exploring Breckinridge’s work with national feminist organizations during and after the suffrage struggle, this chapter highlights both women’s continuous activism and their ideological differences, especially their debate over the Equal Rights Amendment and so-called “protective legislation.”
“A and B”
Authors: Jabour Anya
Published: May 2020

Chapter 10 focuses on Breckinridge’s relationship with Edith Abbott. Breckinridge and Abbott’s long-term relationship was a remarkable partnership, advancing both women’s careers and activism as well as providing them with emotional sustenance and practical support. Acknowledging the shifting definitions of female sexuality that make it difficult to categorize this same-sex relationship as lesbianism, this chapter explores the dynamics and the significance of this lengthy relationship from the women’s first meeting in 1903 to Breckinridge’s death in 1948, demonstrating that Breckinridge and Abbott’s personal relationship fostered their professional success and their political effectiveness.
Tommy Critics, an Unlikely Musical Community, and the Longleat Lyre during World War I
Authors: Meinhart Michelle
Published: May 2020

Longleat, a stately home in Wiltshire, England, served as a hospital for British and allied troops in World War I. As reported in the Longleat Lyre, music provided entertainment and relief to recovering soldiers and built a community that transcended boundaries of class and culture. Longleat housed no officers, and soldiers from lower ranks intermingled in musical performances with the aristocrats of the Thynne family and with Reverend Cocks, the chaplain, and his wife. Repertoire was transnational, with American music and styles a staple ingredient, but also with the semi-classical music favored by upper social classes. Longleat built community through music within its environs, throughout the region, and in parallel with music produced and experienced by troops in the trenches.
Adolescence as a Traveling Concept
Authors: Tambe Ashwini
Published: May 2020

Where chapter 1 focuses on puberty and the physiological sense of maturity, the second chapter focuses on how a longer sense of mental maturation emerged in the nascent field of psychology via the concept of adolescence. This chapter focuses on how adolescence was first articulated in US psychology and traveled as an idea, with specific attention to the circulation between the United States and India. This chapter shows how historically recent the idea of the adolescent girl actually is in India and traces its initial appearance in expert circles and its links to US psychology. Chapter 2 closes with a visual speculation about how the adolescent girl became a recognizable identity in India; it presents a series of cover images from Stree, a popular women’s magazine, to signal how the idea of the adolescent girl was a socially constructed formulation that took shape slowly and emerged most clearly in the post-1960s period.
Legislating Nonmarital Sex in India, 1911–1929
Authors: Tambe Ashwini
Published: May 2020

The third chapter describes how an expanded understanding of girlhood influenced an Indian law restricting child marriage and raising the age of consent. This chapter details changes in legislative politics and in the way Indian legislators appropriated international antitrafficking standards across two decades. It begins by discussing the 1911 Dadabhoy Bill, the first formulation of a distinct age of consent for all nonmarital sex, which was partially provoked by conventions drawn up by the International Society for the Suppression of White Slave Traffic. Next, the chapter examines how Indian Legislative Assembly members in 1922 and 1923-24 responded to the claims S. M. Edwardes made to League of Nations delegates justifying a lower age of consent in India. It then analyzes the 1929 law restricting child marriage, focusing on its effects on sexual consent outside marriage and the resulting anxieties pertaining to parental control. It closes with a fuller analysis of the Report of the Age of Consent Committee and its articulation of parental anxieties. The chapter argues that the 1929 law constraining child marriage, widely considered a key moment of Indian social reform, was facilitated by prior and concurrent measures that fixed a higher age of consent for nonmarital sex. These measures entrenched parental control over daughters’ sexual practices and, ultimately, limited the implications of marriage reform.
Population Control and Marriage Age in India, 1960–1978
Authors: Tambe Ashwini
Published: May 2020

Chapter 5 examines how the age of marriage in India was finally raised in the 1970s to 18 years for girls. It describes how worries about population control drove the change, and it traces the prominent role that India and Indian experts played in demographic writing in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. It demonstrates how closely aligned Indian population control policies were with the intellectual positions of the international population control establishment: Indian demographers treated the age of marriage as a technocratic measure aimed at reducing population growth rather than a measure focused on expanding life chances and preventing forced sex for girls. A shift occurred from an overwhelming focus on potentially vulnerable girls to potentially overfertile girls who could be threats to the future of the nation. This chapter explains why Indian feminists were not at the forefront of the 1978 measure raising the age of marriage. It is one more reminder of how the seemingly well-meaning focus on early marriage among girls is tethered to interests that have very little to do with girls themselves.
Introduction
Authors: Blevins Brooks
Published: May 2020

It may have been the first novel written by anyone who ever called the Ozarks home. If so, then it’s almost certainly not what you would expect. First published in 1854, The Life and Adventures of Joaquín Murieta, the Celebrated California Bandit would likely have taken its place in the dustbin of history alongside other dime novels of the nineteenth century if not for two “firsts” and a link with a twentieth-century American pop-cultural icon. The fictionalized tale of an actual Sonoran-born bandit in Mexican California is believed to be both the first novel penned by a Native American and the first published in California, two hefty firsts that are unlikely to make room for our humble regional claim in the author’s biographical entry anytime soon. Nor will his roots in the hills of Oklahoma and Arkansas earn billing over the assertion by some scholars that the novel inspired Johnston McCulley’s creation of the heroic Mexican character Zorro in 1919....
A Region on the Divide
Authors: Blevins Brooks
Published: May 2020

Chapter 1 provides the backdrop to disunion and warfare. It chronicles slave life and the impact of slavery on Ozarks society in the tense decade preceding the outbreak of war. Using the nomenclature introduced by historian Ira Berlin, the chapter argues that the Ozark region as a whole was a “society with slaves,” but that pockets of “slave society” existed within it. The chapter also illustrates the conflicted nature of both white and Native American Ozarks society as it related to the slavery issue.
Epilogue
Authors: Blevins Brooks
Published: May 2020

The brief epilogue, which is meant to serve as a sort of interpretive bridge to volume 3, recounts the story of the Christian County, Missouri, Bald Knobbers and the national press that these vigilantes received in the late 1880s, culminating in a triple hanging in 1889. This last segment of the Bald Knobber saga marks a watershed in the history of the region as the point at which the “cultural Ozarks” starts to emerge in the American consciousness--a point that is extended in the first chapter of volume 3.
Spanish Firemen and Maritime Syndicalism, 1902–1940
Authors: Bekken Jon , Revellado Mario Martín
Published: May 2020

This chapter describes how Spanish firemen and Hispanic anarcho-syndicalists built a strong presence in the maritime industry in the opening decades of the twentieth century. They exchanged publications and developed interpersonal networks to sustain a culture of resistance across the Americas. Hispanic seaman played a major role in the Atlantic Coast maritime trade, primarily as firemen (fogoneros) working on ships sailing out of U.S. ports. Many fogoneros had experience in militant unions overseas, having fled persecution in Cuba or Spain. Firemen, though ill-paid, were central to the operation of coal-fired steamships, providing electricity to the ship as well as powering its engines. This chapter also examines the Strike of 1912.
Moving West
Authors: Castañeda Christopher J.
Published: May 2020

After the Spanish-American War (1898), many anarchists began to focus their attention on the rising discontent among Mexico’s landless working class. The Flores Magón brothers sought to galvanize support for revolutionary change in Mexico, and they received welcome support from Spanish anarchists, including Jaime Vidal and Pedro Esteve. In particular, Jaime Vidal, who had also helped to organize Spanish firemen on the East Coast sought to promote and assist Magónismo. Through his essays, his several anarchist periodicals, and fund-raising activities in both New York and California, Jaime Vidal helped to incorporate and promote the Magón’s efforts in the transnational anarchist print network.
Caritina M. Piña and Anarcho-syndicalism
Authors: Hernández Sonia
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the role of women, such as Caritina Piña, who lived in the United States borderlands and figured prominently in the leadership of the Tampico labor movement. Piña’s vision underscored and promoted the well-being of worker activists. Shaped by her position in a new postrevolutionary Mexican world and influenced by the long history of organized labor along the lines of anarcho-syndicalism, Piña helped to both sustain the labor movement by promoting free thought in the anarchist—broadly conceived—tradition. Her unique transborder feminismo not only transcended geopolitical boundaries but consistently invoked the language of worker dignity and the revolutionary family.
Federico Arcos (1920–2015)
Authors: Watson David
Published: May 2020

David Watson presents a thoughtful and cogent account of the life and legacy of the Spanish exile Federico Arcos whose career in many ways crossed paths with all the themes related to the evolution of anarcho-syndicalism covered in this book. Arcos grew up in Barcelona and fought in the Spanish Civil War. He immigrated to Canada in 1952 and later participated in anarchist groups in Detroit. He devoted much of his life in the United States to collecting anarchist materials, and his efforts at collecting were vital to maintaining a record of what would otherwise be permanently lost. The bulk of his archives are located at the National Library of Catalonia (Biblioteca de Catalunya).
Introduction
Authors: Markley Robert
Published: May 2020

The Introduction situates Robinson’s novels in the contexts of recent and contemporary science fiction and offers a brief biography of the writer. Robinson has emerged in recent decades as a crucial voice in what critics now call Anthropocene fiction, novels and stories that examine the consequences of humankind’s radical remaking of Earth’s environments since the Industrial Revolution. In discussing the development of Robinson’s fiction since the 1980s, the Introduction emphasizes that in all of his work, from the Mars and Science in the Capital trilogies to the recent New York 2140, utopia becomes a necessary survival strategy for humankind--the only way to step back from the spiraling cycles of corrosive competition for resources and antidemocratic political and economic systems.