bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithosphere and asthenosphere
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An International Workshop on Anisotrophy and Inhomogeneity of the Lithosphere and Asthenosphere will be held on september 8–13, 1986, at the Castle of Bechyne, Czechoslovakia.
Your opinions count
Authors: Eagleson Peter S.
Published: October 2011

As an AGU member, you should have received a questionnaire inquiring about the programs and services AGU provides. Many of you have already responded. Each response is highly valuable because the information gathered will provide the basis for plans and decisions that will affect the direction of the Union for many years to come. The last survey of all Union members was 10 years ago.
Jose de Acosta (1539”1600): A pioneer of geophysics
Authors: Udías Agustín
Published: October 2011

One of the first books written about the American continent was by Father José de Acosta. Entitled Historia Natural y Moral de las Indias (i.e., Natural and Moral History of the Indias), it was published in Seville, Spain, in 1590 (Figure 1). The rapid printing of four editions in Spain in less than 20 yr and the translation of the book into French, Italian, German, Dutch, and Latin less than 15 yr after the first Spanish edition are signs of the rapid popularity that was achieved by this book in Europe.

José de Acosta was born in 1539 in Medina del Campo, Spain. He joined the Jesuit Order in 1553 and travelled to America in 1572. He remained there for 15 yr, travelling frequently and visiting the territories that today belong to Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Mexico. During his journeys, he took note of his observations of natural phenomena, many of them related to the geophysical sciences, such as the aspect of the skies, distribution of temperature, rain, and winds, volcanic activity, earthquakes, and a variety of new minerals, plants, and animals, as well as on the social behavior of the inhabitants of those lands.
The spacecraft encounters of comet Halley
Authors: Mendis D. Asoka , Tsurutani Bruce T.
Published: October 2011

During its 30th historically recorded and fourth predicted apparition, Comet Halley (the most famous of comets) was visited by five spacecraft from three space agencies, carrying a total complement of 44 scientific instruments.

Since Comet Halley has a retrograde motion around the sun in an orbit that is inclined at 162° to the ecliptic plane, all the encounters were fast flybys around the time that the comet crossed the ecliptic plane on March 10, 1986 (descending node).
Message from the incoming Ocean Sciences Section President
Authors: Gordon Arnold L.
Published: October 2011

On July 1, 1986, I will begin my 2‐year term as the president of the AGU Ocean Sciences Section (0s). I'm always open to suggestions about what the OS, should be doing for the ocean community; feel free to contact me via telemail, telephone, letter, or dark alley with your comments and suggestions.
McTague resigns from OSTP
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

John P. McTague resigned from his post as acting director of the White House Office of Science and Techology Policy (OSTP) and acting science advisor to the President on May 23, 1986. Richard G. Johnson, OSTP's assistant director for space science and technology, was designated to fill the posts, also in an “acting” capacity, on May 24.
Reply to “Quo Vadimus?”
Authors: Winkler William R.
Published: October 2011

Have all of Hilbert's 23 problems been solved, and how did they influence mathematics since he stated them at the International Conference of Mathematicians in 1900? Many readers may be wondering, after reading “Quo Vadimus?” [by George D. Garland, V. Keilis‐Borok, and Helmut Moritz] (Eos, February 11, 1986, p. 65).
[Comment on “AGU Authorship Policy”] More on AGU Authorship Policy
Authors: Russell C. T.
Published: October 2011

I would like to second Ron Zwickl's recent letter in Forum about AGU's authorship policy (Eos, April 15, 1986, p. 186). For example, I recently reviewed for the Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR) a paper containing at most one new idea and one new plot. It had nine authors. In my review, I suggested that perhaps upon submission of multi‐author papers the author should include a table of the percent contribution of each author or the number of hours spent by each author on the study. I also remarked that to have so many authors on a paper of little consequence approached self‐parody. The editor has responded positively to my remarks by stopping sending me papers to review.
Graham nominated to Head OSTP
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

President Ronald Reagan has nominated William R. Graham as science advisor and director of the Office of Science and Technology (OSTP). Graham, who is currently deputy director of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), had been acting director of the agency until the nomination of James C. Fletcher.

Graham's nomination, which must be confirmed by the U.S. Senate, comes 6 months after the resignation of George A. Keyworth from the post. John P. McTague had been acting science advisor since Keyworth's resignation (Eos, December 10, 1985, p. 1219).
USGS consolidates distribution branches
Authors: Cruise Karla A.
Published: October 2011

In a move that is expected to streamline operations and to save up to $1 million dollars, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is consolidating its nationwide mail order branches for distribution of maps, scientific books and reports, and general‐interest publicationsw at the USGS offices at the Denver Federal Center. Customer services at the more than 2800 private map dealers in the nation that sell USGS topographic maps will not be affected by the consolidation.
Metamorphic Reactions: Kinetics, Textures, and Deformation
Authors: Grambling Jeffrey A.
Published: October 2011

Metamorphic Reactions: Kinetics, Textures, and Deformation is the fourth in a series of books published under the series title Advances in Physical Geochemistry. The book is divided into three parts. The first contains five papers dealing with reaction kinetics and their effects on metamorphic assemblages. The opening paper, by M.A. Carpenter and A.P. Putnis, discusses the effects that cation order/disorder and metastable crystallization might have on the interpretation of mineral assemblages. This is followed by a discussion of the kinetics of metamorphic reactions (D.C. Rubie and A.B. Thompson) that summarizes a wide range of experimental and theoretical studies on mineral nucleation and growth rates.
1986 Robert E. Horton Medal to Abel Wolman
Authors: Wolman M. G. , Wolman Abel
Published: October 2011

Abel Wolman was born in Baltimore in 1892. He attended public schools and entered the Johns Hopkins University. A premed major, he graduated in 1913. As one of his brothers was already a doctor, the family decided that the opening of a new engineering school at Johns Hopkins provided a new opportunity.
1986 Spring Meeting Report
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

At the 1986 AGU Spring Meeting, approximately 1475 papers were presented, and 2382 attendees registered. This meeting compared in size to the 1985 Spring Meeting, held in Baltimore over Memorial Day weekend. It was thought that if this meeting moved away from Memorial Day weekend that some growth possibly would occur; however, there was no increase. Two possible reasons are

a small reaction to Gramm‐Rudman‐Hollings budget cuts, and

the Ocean Sciences section joint meeting with the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) earlier in the year.
GRL special issue on Core and Core‐Mantle Boundary
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The editors of Geophysical Research Letters (GRL) invite the submission of manuscripts for a special issue on the geophysics of the core and the core‐mantle boundary in commemoration of the 50‐year anniversary of the discovery of the inner core by Inge Lehmann. Manuscripts should be submitted to GRL coeditor Rob Van der Voo (Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109) before August 30, 1986, in accordance with the usual rules for manuscript submission. Submissions will undergo the usual rapid GRL review procedure. Camera‐ready copy will be due by November 3, 1986; the special issue will be published in December 1986.
Research core hole completed at Long Valley
Authors: Wollenberg Harold , White Art , Sorey Michael , Farrar Christopher , Bartel Lewis
Published: October 2011

On June 17, 1986, a continuously cored hole was completed in Long Valley Caldera, approximately 2 km northeast of the town of Mammoth Lakes, Calif. The primary purpose of the hole is to provide access for periodic measurement of the thermal gradient, pressure, and chemistry of water in the thermal aquifer of the caldera's southwestern moat. The hole also investigates the geothermal energy potential in the vicinity of Mammoth Lakes. Core and fluid samples will be available for study by interested scientists.
Deep aquifers detected in South Asia
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Artesian aquifers below river basins in South Asia may be able to remedy water shortages in the region, according to a study conducted by the World Bank in Washington, D.C. Logs that record electrical resistance in wells drilled for petroleum were used to identify the aquifers and determine that they appear to hold fresh water.

While electric logging of wells is a routine procedure in oil and gas exploration, it is less often applied in fresh water exploration. The logs record electrical resistance, or resistivity, of subsurface formations, permitting identification of aquifers and calculation of the salinity of the water in them without obtaining water samples.
A concept for wide band global communications
Authors: Comberiate M. , Chiang E. , Popham R.
Published: October 2011

The Global Communication Network (GCN) is a new concept that uses polar‐orbiting satellites to provide communications services that are unavailable otherwise from existing satellite systems. These services are becoming essential to perform the kind of global science that has been proposed for the 1990s and beyond by the ocean, atmosphere, and earth processes science communities. Existing communications services over the oceans and particularly over the polar regions are severely constrained. Service Argos provides worldwide data collection capability at low rates and for limited quantities of data, but it makes no provisions for interrogation or for wide band, high‐volume data [see In Situ Ocean Science Working Group, 1985]. Other geostationary satellite systems, such as the Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite (GOES), require an amount of transmission power that is prohibitive for most mobile, floating, or airborne users [see Hughes Aerospace Corporation, 1980].
Biogeochemistry of Framvaren, A permanently Anoxic Fjord
Authors: Millero Frank J.
Published: October 2011

Recently (May 28–30, 1986), a workshop was held in Farsund, Norway, to discuss the biogeochemistry of an anoxic fjord called Framvaren. In the last 7 years a group of marine scientists from Norway, Sweden, Canada, and the United States has been studying this fjord. The workshop was held to discuss the recent findings of this international effort. A new expedition is planned in February 1987 (provided that the ice is thick enough) and in June 1988. Marine chemists, microbiologists, or geologists interested in participating in this study should contact Jens Skei (Norwegian Institute of Water Research, PB Box 333, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway), who is coordinating the investigations.
Drilling's value stressed at hearing
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

A Senate subcommittee recently heard testimony from government, university, and industry geoscientists in support of a bill that would formalize the planning and coordination of continental scientific drilling. Among the reasons given in favor of the bill by the 13 witnesses at the July 24, 1986, hearing were the possible benefits of a continental drilling program for our understanding of the history of the earth's crust, the origins of mineral and energy resources, the mechanisms of earthquakes and volcanos, and the migration of toxic wastes. The hearing was held by the Subcommittee on Natural Resources Development and Production, chaired by Sen. John W. Warner (R‐Va.).
New telephone numbers at Scripps
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Telephone numbers for the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif., have recently been changed.

The exchange at Scripps has changed from 452 to 534. The last four digits of each number, however, remain the same. In addition, many new lines have been added to the system. The main switchboard can be reached by dialing 619‐534‐2230.
Session highlights: 1986 AGU Fall Meeting/ASLO Winter Meeting
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The number of interested responses to the news update item about this event (Eos, June 24, 1986, p. 537) led to the rapid organization of this special session. We will try to arrange for authors of the selected poster papers to give short talks about their work at the start of the session in an area near the posters. Suggestions about how to conduct this session, as well as contributed papers, will be appreciated. For more information on the session, contact Mary Hudson (Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H.; telephone: 603‐646‐ 2976), Steve Lund (University of Southern California, Los Angeles; telephone: 213‐743‐7015), or Joe Allen (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, Colo.; telephone: 303‐497‐6215).
The Biowatt Bio‐Optical and Physical Moored Program
Authors: Dickey T. , Hartwig E. , Marra J.
Published: October 2011

The Biowatt Program is an interdisciplinary program sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). One of its primary objectives is to develop predictive models of the temporal and spatial variability of optical properties and bioluminescence in the open ocean. An introduction to Biowatt and a conceptual model for the program were presented by Marra and Hartwig [1984]. This model illustrates the causal links between physical, biological, and optical processes in the upper oceans that control the variability of optical and bioluminescent properties. For example, inputs of light, momentum, and heat from the atmosphere can help redistribute phytoplankton, zooplankton, plant nutrients, and other biogenic materials. In turn, this redistribution of biogenic properties can affect the optical properties and physics of the upper ocean. Populations of bioluminescent organisms and their bioluminescent activity are also affected either directly or indirectly by variations in the physical, biological, and optical environment. Clearly, there are many complex interactions and feedback loops that must be included in the Biowatt model.
GRL Editor Alex Dessler
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Alexander J. Dessler tries to make Geohysical Research Letters (GRL) a journal that people are eager to open as soon as it arrives in the mail. “GRL should be a lively, interesting journal,” said Dessler, a professor of space physics at Rice University and editor‐in‐ chief of GRL since January 1986. “An editor gives a journal its style, for good or ill,” he explained.
Fleming, Ewing, Macelwane awardees announced
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

AGU has announced that the 1986 John Adam Fleming Medal for original research and technical leadership in geomagnetism, atmospheric electricity, aeronomy, and related sciences will be presented to George E. Backus of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (La Jolla, Calif.).

In addition, as previously announced, John Imbrie of Brown University (Providence, R.I.) will receive the Maurice Ewing Award, and James B. Macelwane Awards will be presented to Edward M. Stolper of the California Institute of Technology (Pasadena) and Robert A. Weller of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (Woods Hole, Mass.).
Geodetic Refraction: Effects of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Through the Atmosphere
Authors: Bossy L. , Paquet P.
Published: October 2011

The atmospheric refraction has always been one of the main perturbations of classical terrestrial geodesy. For the future, and taking into account that a precision of a few centimeters is attainable over distances of few thousand kilometers, the monitoring of the atmospheric perturbation also requires a strong improvement for space applications that are mainly based on radio techniques. This is the reason why, for 2 decades, the interest in refraction studies has increased, as reflected in this monograph, which is entirely devoted to the properties of the atmospheric effects on various geodetic measurements and to their evaluation.
AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this guide is to assist AGU members in communicating with legislators and government agency officials and to delineate some of the constraints under which AGU must operate when undertaking activities in this area.
AGU index terms
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Listed below are AGU's terms for indexing manuscripts and for labelling Geophysical Abstracts in Press (GAP) for Eos. These terms are also used to assign an index term to abstracts submitted for the AGU Spring Meeting and the AGU Fall Meeting
A program to study the Earth's magnetic field
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

GP President‐Elect Ron Merrill has appointed a steering committee to develop a new initiative for a program to study the earth's magnetic field. In addition to Merrill, who will serve as chair, and Kenneth Verosub (University of California, Davis) who will be vice‐chair, the committee includes George Backus (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif.), Ned Benton (University of Colorado, Boulder), Rob Coe (University of California, Santa Cruz), and Dennis Kent (Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, N.Y.). The objective of the new program would be to develop a better description of the behavior of the geomagnetic field on all time scales and to use this description to increase our understanding of the physical processes that govern the generation of the geomagnetic field. The program would have three areas of emphasis: the present and recent field and its secular variation, the paleo‐field and its variation on various time scales, and the core processes that produce the field.
JGR‐Solid Earth and Planets GP editor appointed
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Ken Hoffman (Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo) has been appointed GP editor for papers submitted to the Journal of Geophysical Research—Solid Earth and Planets. His tenure will be from January 1987 to December 1988. Hoffman holds a Ph.D. in geophysics from the University of California, Berkeley, and has published extensively in the areas of rock magnetism, paleomagnetism, lunar paleointensity, and most recently, geomagnetic dipole field reversal modeling.
Paleomagnetic objectives for ODP
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

From September 5 to September 7, 1985, a workshop was held at the University of California, Davis, for the purpose of developing paleomagnetic objectives for the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). The workshop was convened by Kenneth Verosub (University of California, Davis), Maureen Steiner (Univeristy of Wyoming, Laramie), and Neil Opdyke (University of Florida, Gainesville) and was funded by a grant from the Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI), Inc., which administers ODP. Participants in the workshop focussed on five primary areas of interest: high‐resolution behaviors of the earth's magnetic field, details of the motions of plates and subplates, magnetostratigraphy, origin of marine magnetic anomalies, and general shipboard procedures. They drafted a document that sets out a coherent set of specifically paleomagnetic objectives for future missions as well as guidelines for obtaining more useful results from routine paleomagnetic studies.
SPR Meetings Committee organized
Authors: Clauer C. Robert
Published: October 2011

George Reid, our former SPR section president, has often quoted the statistic that the SPR Section, with only 10% of the AGU membership, consistently contributes between 20% and 25% of the papers at the two national AGU meetings and has initiated more Chapman Conferences than any other section. He attributes this to both the health of our subdisciplines and the vigor of the scientists who work in them. It also reflects, I think, the importance that we as scientists within SPR assign to meetings. Besides offering the opportunity to present our latest results, they provide the collective meeting of minds and are therefore often the catalyst for generating new ideas, projects, and collaborations.
U.S. joins in Physics Olympiad
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Three U.S. high school students won bronze medals in the XVII International Physics Olympiad at Harrow School in London on July 13–20, 1986. The U.S. team's performance was the best effort of any country sending a team for the first time to participate in a Physics Olympiad.

From June 30 to July 11, 1986, the American Association of Physics Teachers had brought together 20 of the nation's best high school physics students for a “training camp” at the University of Maryland, College Park. The camp offered cooperative learning with some intergroup competition and individual examinations in order to assess competence. The students also attended lectures by eminent scientists on research frontiers in physics and met briefly with Secretary of Education William J. Bennett. Five finalists went to London for the Olympiad.
William M. Sackett: New Field Fellow
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

AGU's second Richard Montgomery Field Fellow has begun his 10‐month tenure at AGU headquarters in Washington, D.C. William M. Sackett is a graduate research professor in marine science at the University of South Florida (St. Petersburg, Fla.).

After just a few days at AGU, Sackett told Eos that he is now involved with helping to launch AGU's newest journal, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, and to organize sessions for the 1987 AGU Spring Meeting. Although it was too soon to say on which projects he will ultimately concentrate, Sackett said that he “would like to make some solid contributions to advancing AGU's goals.” He added that he is very much looking forward to getting to know the city of Washington during the coming year.
Practical Seismic Interpretation
Authors: Mutter John C.
Published: October 2011

This book provides something of a manual or “how‐to” guide to the derivation of stratigraphic and structural information from multichannel seismic reflection profiles. Its emphasis is, as the title suggests, the practical business of just how one goes about extracting this information. I believe the intent is that one should be able to first read the book, then place it on the work table next to a reflection profile to be interpreted, and by examining the profile while thumbing through the book, find interpreted examples of features similar to those to be interpreted and hence be guided toward a geological interpretation of the data. The book is replete with examples—I counted more than 130 individual reflection profile segments illustrating commonly observed structural and stratigraphic features. Beyond this, the reader also gets a large amount of practical advice, such as the type of colored pencils and eraser to use, what phase of the reflecting event should be marked, how to fold the profiles to check for ties at line intersections, how to mark faults, the various types of unconformity, and many, many other intensely practical aspects of data interpretation.
[Reply to “Comment on “The Oceanography Report’”/Composition of the Oceanography Report] Editor's Note
Authors: Brooks David A.
Published: October 2011

TOR' editorial policy has always been to provide an outlet for general and timely information of potential interest to all oceanographers. As Bill Sackett notes—and as I noted when I became Eos editor (Eos, July 3, 1984, p.426)—articles about physical oceanography predominate, even though TOR' editors have expended considerable effort to solicit articles from the other disciplines of ocean science.
Large plume events in the Soviet Arctic
Authors: Matson Michael
Published: October 2011

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar‐orbiting environmental satellites routinely acquire imagery over the Soviet Arctic for ice analyses. In late 1984, during a routine search for satellite ice imagery of this area, Will Gould, chief archivist of the NOAA satellite imagery archive, discovered large cold plumes emanating from Novaya Zemlya Island, U.S.S.R. (74°N, 57°E). Subsequent random searches of the archive revealed other plume cases. To date, 11 cases have been documented between 1980 and 1986 (Table 1).
Recent Ph.D's
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman:

the dissertation title,

author's name,

name of the degree‐granting department and institution,

faculty advisor,

month and year degree was awarded,

category of dissertation subject (Atmospheric Sciences, Hydrology, Ocean Sciences, Solid Earth, or Space Sciences).

If possible, include the current address and telephone number of the degree recipient (this information will not be published).
Solar events and their influence on the interplanetary medium
Authors: Joselyn Jo Ann
Published: October 2011

The Workshop on Solar Events and Their Influence on the Interplanetary Medium very successfully met its goal “to foster interactions among colleagues, leading to an improved understanding of the unified relationship between solar events and interplanetary disturbances.” Organized by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Space Environment Laboratory and funded by the national Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Solar Maximum Mission Principal Investigators and the Space Environment Laboratory, this meeting was held held September 8—11, 1986, in Estes Park, Colo. A total of 94 scientists, including representatives from Argentina, Germany, Japan, France, Scotland, England, Australia, Poland, Israel, Greece, China and the United States attended. A novel meeting schedule was adopted, with no formal presentations other than a keynote address by Rainer Schwenn of the Max Planck Institut fur Aeronomie (Federal republic of Germany), entitled “Transients on the Sun and Their Effects on the Interplanetary Medium: An Interdisciplinary Challenge”; a Gordon A. Newkirk Memorial talk on “Early History of the Coronagraph” by John Eddy of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Office of Interdisciplinary Earth Studies (Boulder, Colo.); and introductory and summary statements by working group leaders. Instead, there were three working groups, which met either independently or with one of the other groups according to a prearranged plan. Suggested roundtable discussion topics were distributed in advance to the members of each group, but primarily, each group was expected to think of questions for the other groups and respond to requests for information from them. As may be expected, for some topics there was group consensus. Other topics were contentious.
Seismology Lecture Series to begin
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Society for Earthquake and Civil Engineering Dynamics (London) is establishing a biennial prestige lecture series in honor of two pioneering British scientific seismologists, Robert Mallet (1810‐1883) and John Milne (1850‐1913). The society is the British section of the International Association for Earthquake Engineering.

The first Mallet‐Milne Lecture is scheduled to be delivered by N. N. Ambraseys of the Department of Civil Engineering of the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, on May 27, 1987. Ambraseys will speak on “Engineering Seismology” at the Institution of Civil Engineers on Great George Street, Westminster
AGU's 20,000th member
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Rainer Uhrenbacher, a graduate student at the Institute of Geophysics of the University of Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany, recently became AGU's 20,000th member. Uhrenbacher, who is currently on a fellowship from the Conrad Adenauer Stiftung, has been engaged in the German‐Turkish Project on Earthquake Prediction Research since 1984. At present, he is in Turkey, carrying out magnetic, magnetotelluric, and self‐potential measurements along a segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone.

Before entering Kiel University, Uhrenbacher received his diploma degree from the University of Munich. His thesis was on gravimetric and geoelectric investigations in a special region of southern Germany.
CEDAR: An aeronomy initiative
Authors: Romick G. J. , Killeen T. L. , Torr D. G. , Tinsley B. A. , Behnke R. A.
Published: October 2011

A 3‐year process of committee deliberations and community‐wide annual workshops by scientists involved in aeronomical studies has led recently to the presentation of a final report to the National Science Foundation, outlining a comprehensive 7‐year plan for the ground‐based study of the earth's upper atmosphere. The two‐volume report, entitled “CEDAR: Coupling, Energetics, and Dynamics of the Atmospheric Regions,” was assembled under the aegis of the Aeronomy Program of NSF and involved the efforts of a team of 66 active researchers from 32 U.S. and Canadian institutes. The volumes, taken together, contain a review of the present state of the art in current and projected experimental and theoretical capabilities for the field, ranging from the middle atmosphere (mesosphere) through the thermosphere and ionosphere and into the exosphere and protonosphere of the earth. The first volume contains the scientific rationale for a program of careful, measured instrumental development and deployment activities, coupled with related theoretical modeling work using a fully coordinated approach to a series of major outstanding scientific questions.
FY 1988 Budget: A brief look
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Research funding fared relatively well in the abbreviated budget proposal for fiscal year (FY) 1988 that was submitted to Congress by the Reagan administration on January 5, 1987. Under the plan, funding of civilian basic research is proposed to increase by 4.5% over the FY 1987 level. This budget proposal, the first ever to top the $1‐trillion mark, was released 1 month earlier than past proposals, in compliance with the new timetable established by the Gramm‐Rudman‐Hollings deficit control legislation passed in 1985. Because of the earlier deadline, the proposal was presented in abbreviated form, with a promise that more details will be made available in late January.
Sea level changes: An enigma
Authors: Sackett William
Published: October 2011

Whether sea level is now rising is an enigma, according to Mark Meier, a glaciologist from the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research at the University of Colorado (Boulder). Meier indicated that if a rise is occurring, it is principally caused by the melting of glaciers and ice sheets and secondly by the thermal expansion of seawater. Both processes are the products of a global warming brought about by the increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Meier repeatedly emphasized the large uncertainties in all present sea level change estimates and suggested that there actually may be a lowering of sea level that is caused by an interior thickening of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets.
November streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

November was unusually wet in the United States, with half of the key index stream‐gaging stations reporting well above average lows, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In combination with the flows of 18 rivers in southern Canada, which are monitored by the USGS in cooperation with the Water Resources Branch of Environment Canada, the total flow of the nation's rivers for November was 1.5 trillion gallons per day, 79% above the the long‐term average for the month but still 12% below the previous month's total flow.
Smelter shutdown used in study of rain chemistry
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

The closing of a copper smelter near Tacoma, Wash., in the spring of 1986 gave a group of scientists at the University of Washington (Seattle) a unique opportunity to do a study of the effects of the smelter's emissions on the chemistry of rainwater in the area. The smelter, specially equipped to handle high‐arsenic copper ore, was once the largest single source of airborne arsenic in the United States. Two papers on these studies were presented on December 11, 1986, at the AGU Fall Meeting/ASLO Winter Meeting in San Francisco, Calif.

The group, headed by Richard J. Vong, set up a network of 38 sites to analyze rainwater in the Seattle‐Tacoma area. The researchers took advantage of the smelter's coastal location by confining their observations to rainfall from cyclonic frontal systems that came directly in from the Pacific Ocean. These systems had not yet passed over any large pollution sources other than the smelter, according to Richard E. Peterson II, a member of the research team.
New Radio Science Editor
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Alan T. Waterman, Emeritus Professor of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University (Stanford, Calif.) will succeed K.C. Yeh (University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois) as editor of Radio Science. Yeh has been editor since 1983.
Computer Simulations of Space Plasmas
Authors: Goertz C. K.
Published: October 2011

Even a superficial scanning of the latest issues of the Journal of Geophysical Research reveals that numerical simulation of space plasma processes is an active and growing field. The complexity and sophistication of numerically produced “data” rivals that of the real stuff. Sometimes numerical results need interpretation in terms of a simple “theory,” very much as the results of real experiments and observations do. Numerical simulation has indeed become a third independent tool of space physics, somewhere between observations and analytic theory. There is thus a strong need for textbooks and monographs that report the latest techniques and results in an easily accessible form. This book is an attempt to satisfy this need. The editors want it not only to be “proceedings of selected lectures (given) at the first ISSS (International School of Space Simulations in Kyoto, Japan, November 1–2, 1982) but rather…a form of textbook of computer simulations of space plasmas.” This is, of course, a difficult task when many authors are involved. Unavoidable redundancies and differences in notation may confuse the beginner. Some important questions, like numerical stability, are not discussed in sufficient detail. The recent book by C.K. Birdsall and A.B. Langdon (Plasma Physics via Computer Simulations, McGraw‐Hill, New York, 1985) is more complete and detailed and seems more suitable as a textbook for simulations. Nevertheless, this book is useful to the beginner and the specialist because it contains not only descriptions of various numerical techniques but also many applications of simulations to space physics phenomena.
50 years of studies on the inner core
Authors: Bolt Bruce A.
Published: October 2011

In 1986, we marked the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the earth's innercore. In atomic physics an equivalent act would warrant a Nobel prize. The credit is due to Inge Lehmann (Figure 1), who in 1936 was working as a seismologist at the Royal Danish Geodetic Institute, Copenhagen. Her proposal was published in the Bureau Central Seismologique International, Travaux Scientifique [Lehmann, 1936]:An explanation of the P3′ wave [i.e., PKIKP] is required, since now it can hardly be considered probable that it is due to diffraction. A hypothesis will be here suggested which seems to hold some probability, although it cannot be proved from the data at hand. We take it… that inside the core there is an inner core in which the velocity is larger than the outer core.
Budget hearings in Congress
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following hearings have been tentatively scheduled for the coming months by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, September 30, 1986, p. 739)
An oceanographer in space: The next step
Authors: La Violette Paul E. , Yentsch Charles S. , Apel John R.
Published: October 2011

The Challenger tragedy has temporarily halted the U.S. space shuttle program. When the program resumes in early 1988, the opportunity to use the shuttle for ocean research will be renewed. In the U.S. Navy, we are using this hiatus to develop a long‐range program for an oceanographer in space. This program will become part of a fully integrated Office of the Chief of Naval Research (OCNR) science and technology plan to guide future programs in space oceanography.
Protected programs at NSF
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Many scientists and science administrators say they are disturbed by the fact that Congress “protected” funding for some National Science Foundation (NSF) programs in the fiscal year (FY) 1987 budget at a cost to other NSF programs. Especially disturbing to some was the notion that the earmarking reportedly occurred as a result of special interest lobbying efforts by their fellow scientists. The favored programs, and those that were cut back to compensate for them, were mostly related to geophysics. The protection of these programs is likely to have some impact on the size and number of grants awarded in some other areas.
Fulbright Grants available
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Council for International Exchange of Scholars (CIES) is accepting applications for the 1988–1989 Fulbright Scholar Awards. More than 300 grants in research and 700 grants in university lecturing are available for periods ranging from 3 months to a full academic year, with openings in more than 100 countries and some opportunities for research in more than one country.

Fulbright awards are granted in virtually all disciplines. Scholars of all academic ranks, including retired faculty and independent scholars, are eligible to apply. Fulbright scholars must be U.S. citizens with a Ph.D. or comparable professional qualifications, have university or college teaching experience, and for selected assignments, be proficient in a foreign language. There is no longer a limit of two Fulbright grants to a single scholar.
[Comment on “Implementing the peer review process in AGU publications” and “JGR peer review suggestion”] publish rejections
Authors: Murdock James N.
Published: October 2011

The discussions of the review process by Baum [1984] and Dessler [1984] have been of considerable interest to me, as was the comment of Baker [1985]. These letters are particularly applicable to my situation because for more than 5 years, I have tried to publish (in two AGU journals and elsewhere) what has proven to be a controversial idea: Namely, in an island arc that I have studied as a private effort, the data appear to favor a tectonic model that is different from the conventional megathrust. I argue that the model of the megathrust, although shown in perhaps every textbook on tectonics, is largely conjectural. I propose an alternate model that is in agreement with the seismic data and that, moreover, appears to explain the evolution of the tectonic features of the arc that are observed; however, this model, viewed as a steadily operating process, can account for only a small fraction of the seafloor spreading that has been reported. (A reviewer has suggested that this imbalance might be explained by expansion of the earth.) Whereas very knowledgeable readers have expressed keen interest in the model, the majority of the reviewers have presented only negative remarks, and although several editors appear to think that my ideas should be distributed for evaluation, the negative remarks seem to have been enough to dissuade each of them from sponsoring the paper. Typically, the rejection has not been based on lack of scientific merit or on lack of clarity.
An analog for infiltration and unsaturated seepage
Authors: Philip John R.
Published: October 2011

The quasi‐linear analysis of steady water flow in unsaturated soils involves just two soil parameters, the sorptive number and the (usually saturated) conductivity. The formulation preserves integral capillary flow properties of the soil and yields solutions that are amply accurate for engineering applications. The analog with scattering of plane waves reinforces the utility of the method, making powerful techniques and extant results available from fields such as electromagnetics and acoustics. Solutions for multidimensional infiltration lead to design principles for field permeameters in unsaturated soils. Other applications concern the penetration or non‐penetration of unsaturated seepage flows into macropores, cavities, and tunnels. Limited extensions are possible to heterogeneous and anisotropic soils and to unsteady flows.
Federal support of geomagnetism
Authors: Cain Joseph C. , Lund Steve , Lanzerotti L. J.
Published: October 2011

Recent pressures to reduce federal agency support in several scientific areas of national interest have motivated the AGU GP Section to review the present status of geomagnetism in federal agencies. Federal GP activities are currently spread over four agencies (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Naval Oceanographic Office), two of which have in‐house research efforts. Partly because of recent budget reductions, the support and encouragement that each of these groups receives for scientific research has waned severely.
Fall business meeting
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The 1986 Fall Business meeting was held on Tuesday, December 9, 1986, in conjunction with the Geomagnetism/Paleomagnetism (GP) Section luncheon. The meeting consisted of numerous short announcements and news items of interest to the GP audience. Highlights are included below, while other topics are covered by longer items elsewhere in this edition of the GP Compass.
Proposed SPR Section Bylaws
Authors: Russell C. T.
Published: October 2011

Each of the sections of AGU has been requested by Council to adopt a set of bylaws. The Union has provided a set of model bylaws that each section can adapt to its own particular needs. At t h e request of Bob Helliwell, I have taken the model bylaws and attempted to alter them to better reflect the needs of the SPR Section. I n doing so, I have made several proposed changes in t h e operation of the SPR Section. The first one to note is that the draft bylaws call for only three sections and not four. This is to create three more equal subdivisions in SPR. Even with the SC and SS section programs combined, as SS and SC have been at recent meetings, they have not sustained a full program during the meeting. The other important change is a limitation on the term of the secretaries. This is not any reflection on the past or present performance of our secretaries but rather an acknowledgment of the strong influence that they wield on t h e intellectual directions of the section and the feeling that this influence should be shared among many individuals over the course of time. The section does not lack talented individuals who would be good secretaries.
Deep Environment of Volcanogenic Epithermal Mineralization: Proposed research drilling at Creede, Colorado
Authors: Bethke Philip M. , Lipman Peter W.
Published: October 2011

Proposed research drilling in the Creede mining district will constrain relations between epithermal veins and the deeper thermal, fluid flow, and volcanic structural environment. Major targets include a deep inferred heat source in the form of a concealed intrusion and possibly associated stacked porphyry‐type mineralization; thermal, chemical, and hydrologic evolution of the fossil hydrothermal system in comparison with active geothermal environments; and temporal, structural, and petrologic relations between the mineralization and the hosting silicic caldera cluster.
On the volcanological evolution of Campi Flegrei
Authors: Lirer Lucio , Luongo Giuseppe , Scandone Roberto
Published: October 2011

Campi Flegrei (Phlegrean Fields) is a Holocene caldera located west of the city of Naples in an area of regional extension [Finetti and Morelli, 1974; Scandone, 1979]. The erupted products range in composition from K basalts to alkali trachyte and phonolite. The complex has been active since at least 47,000 yr B.P. [Capaldi et al., 1985], and it is surrounded by three other quaternary volcanic centers.
Exchange of ideas for global studies
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

An all‐day Union session at the upcoming AGU Spring Meeting will provide a forum for discussing the present‐day advances and the new syntheses that may soon be possible through study of the earth as a system. According to session chairman Raymond A. Price of the Geological Survey of Canada (Ottawa), the goal of the session is to bring together speakers from a wide range of disciplines “to share some of the excitement that is being generated [through global studies] and to stimulate some synergism.” The “Earth as a System” session will be held on Tuesday, May 19, at the Baltimore, Md., meeting.
Earth's Third Ocean: The Liquid Core
Authors: Rochester M. G. , Crossley D.J.
Published: October 2011

The history of the discovery of the earth's liquid core and its role in geophysics is briefly reviewed. Among the core's still undetermined properties is the extent to which its density gradient departs from an adiabat, as characterized by the Brunt‐Vaisala frequency. Since this parameter must affect the eigenfrequencies of the hitherto unobserved inertia‐gravity wave segment of the earth's normal mode spectrum, considerable effort has gone into theoretical studies of these core oscillations over the past decade. We relate these studies to those of internal gravity and Rossby waves in oceanography. The deployment of sensitive gravimeters with long‐term recording capability is now begining to yield data in which core modes may already have been observed.
SPR's New AGU Fellows
Authors: Baker Daniel N. , Lee Martin A. , Crooker Nancy U.
Published: October 2011

Ed Hones is a senior staff member in the Space Plasma Physics Group within the Earth and Space Sciences Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory (Los Alamos, N.Mex.). He has been at Los Alamos since 1965; prior to that time he was at DuPont, Wilmington, Del. (1951–1959), the Convair Corporation, San Diego, Calif. (1959–1961), the Institute of Defense Analysis, Washington, D.C. (1961–1964), and the University of Iowa, Iowa City (1964–1965). Ed's undergraduate degree was in engineering from Duke University (Durham, N.C.) in 1943, after which he served several years in the Navy. He then returned to Duke for graduate studies, receiving his Ph.D. in nuclear engineering in 1951.
AGU's Plan
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

1. Establish a baseline for evaluating the review and production process in terms of quality and timeliness for journal articles; establish a baseline for evaluating the relative value of AGU journals vis‐a‐vis competing journals; and develop a plan for improving the publication quality and timeliness for all journals.