bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Procedimiento didáctico para el estudio de la fórmula de Planck en carreras de ingeniería
Authors: González Bello Segifredo Luis
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se analiza la ley de distribución de energía en el espectro de la radiación del cuerpo negro, y la fórmula de Planck que la sintetiza, un descubrimiento revolucionario, que marca el nacimiento de la teoría cuántica. Se propone un procedimiento didáctico para el estudio de la fórmula de Planck en carreras de ingeniería, siguiendo la secuencia del ciclo de la creación científica: Hechos → Modelo-hipótesis → Consecuencias → Verificación experimental. Se ejemplifican los pasos metodológicos y los elementos esenciales de la idea básica de la cuantización de la energía, con notas históricas que facilitan la comprensión del fenómeno estudiado y el papel que jugaron los científicos en su determinación. Se consideran hechos iniciales: Las leyes de Kirchhoff, Stefan-Boltzmann y Wien, además de la fórmula de Rayleigh-Jeans y se desarrollan las ideas fundamentales que permitieron a Planck encontrar la solución teórica, que culmina en 1900 con la propuesta del cuanto  de  acción, expresado por  la  constante h que lleva su nombre.  De la fórmula de Planck, se deducen las leyes antecedentes y se obtienen otras relaciones de importancia para la física y la química. Para cerrar el ciclo de la creación científica, se realiza la verificación experimental, con la medición de la radiación de fondo cósmico, que se comporta como la radiación de un cuerpo negro a una temperatura de 2,73 K. Se concluye con ejemplos de aplicaciones de la radiación térmica, que involucran algunos conceptos básicos de la elaboración teórica de Planck: Energía solar, recubrimientos térmicos y pirometría.
Uma proposta de gamificação do processo avaliativo no ensino de física em um curso de licenciatura
Authors: Fraga Vinicius Munhoz , Moreira Maria Cristina do Amaral , Pereira Marcus Vinicius
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo apresenta uma experiência de combinação entre uma metodologia passiva, caracterizada por aulas expositivas ministradas pelo professor, e uma ativa, baseada na gamificação aplicada ao processo avaliativo de uma disciplina de Física em um curso de Licenciatura em Química. Os alunos foram divididos em quatro equipes e realizaram atividades individuais (frequência, pontualidade, participação nas aulas, etc.), coletivas (seminários em equipe, resolução de listas de exercícios, atividades experimentais) e competitivas (desafios entre equipes), que compunham o processo avaliativo a ser culminado na prova escrita. Essas atividades eram recompensadas com moedas do jogo denominadas teslas, que foram utilizadas no mercado, ambiente da gamificação onde seria possível adquirir itens capazes de alterar a estrutura de valor da prova, possibilitando ao aluno escolher uma estratégia particular e personalizada para resolver sua avaliação de acordo com seu desenvolvimento na disciplina. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário aberto visando identificar e analisar os pontos positivos e negativos destacados pelos alunos. Como resultado, foram identificados incremento do engajamento e da motivação dos discentes que demonstraram aumento de interesse nas aulas e no compromisso com a disciplina, além de, como futuros professores, reconhecerem a gamificação como estratégia inovadora, porém igualmente trabalhosa, pois demanda planejamento adequado.
Dimensões da abordagem histórica no Ensino de Ciências e de Matemática
Authors: Vieira Oliveira Zaqueu , Alvim Márcia Helena
Published: April 2021

A História das Ciências e da Matemática tem sido apontada como uma das possíveis abordagens para o ensino e muitos têm sido os âmbitos destas discussões. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma proposta teórica acerca dessa interface que remete a três possíveis dimensões: a epistemológica, que é fundamentada nos debates acerca da natureza da Ciência; a sociocultural, que tem como foco as conexões entre história cultural das Ciências, sociologia das ausências e educação problematizadora; e a da práxis, que se baseia na proposta freiriana de temas geradores. Debatemos cada uma destas dimensões compreendendo a abordagem histórica com um enfoque interdisciplinar nas aulas de Ciências e de Matemática como forma de tornar os conteúdos compreensíveis e significativos para os estudantes.
A entrada para reserva no serviço militar, a ruptura de um vínculo forte e intenso
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Paula Grillo , Viscardi Rafael Dagostin , Ungari Diego Fernandes
Published: April 2021

Este artigo busca compreender as mudanças do vínculo e as estratégias de regulação emocional, a partir da percepção do oficial da Policia Militar, no processo para a reserva. A pesquisa tem uma abordagem qualitativa, feitas a partir de entrevista semiestruturada. O método de análise escolhido foi a análise de conteúdo, na qual foi definida uma categorização das narrativas dos oficiais, dividida em dois construtos: O Vínculo Organizacional e a Regulação Emocional. A teoria base vem dos trabalhos de Bastos e James Gross. Foram encontrados todos os padrões de vínculos e as estratégias de regulação emocional apontados pela teoria referenciada. A mudança do vínculo no processo para a reserva é um evento não delimitado no tempo, quanto mais forte o vínculo de comprometimento maior a intensidade da mudança. O pensar a reserva da início ao processo, e a sintonia em que o oficial se encontra com a organização dita sua intensidade.
As estratégias de produção e mercado de uma organização produtora de cachaça: uma abordagem construtivista
Authors: Lobato Christiane Batista de Paulo , Brito Mozar José de , Brito Valéria da Glória Pereira , Paiva André Luiz de
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal compreender a construção das práticas estratégicas de produção artesanal e inserção mercadológica de uma organização produtora de cachaça orgânica a partir dos fundamentos ontológicos da abordagem construtivista realistal. Para tanto, empregou-se o método de estudo de caso. Esta escolha metodológica permitiu a aplicação do framework de análise que aborda a imbricação entre os contextos macro e micro social, a práxis, as práticas e os praticantes envolvidos na construção da estratégia das estratégias de produção e mercado de uma pequena organização produtora de cachaça orgânica. Evidencia-se nos resultados a capacidade reflexiva dos praticantes em combinar saberes tradicionais e saberes técnico-científico e as práticas de mercado (representação, normativas e trocas). Por fim, o artigo ratifica a relevância da contextualização (micro e macrossocial) para os estudos da estratégia como pratica social.
Os doentes do eu
Authors: Flôres Claudemir Pedroso
Published: April 2021

Este artigo propõe uma leitura do poema "Os doentes", presente no livro Eu, do poeta Augusto dos Anjos, a partir da concepção do filósofo Walter Benjamin acerca da alegoria como procedimento ruinoso da linguagem. Nesse poema, um “Eu” narra eventos históricos como alguém que caminha por uma metrópole anacrônica, estando ele próprio transpassado pela decrepitude individual – a hética, ao mesmo tempo em que padece uma culpabilidade por ter "violado as leis da Natureza" – a ética. Considero a morte e a decrepitude física — retratadas ao longo do poema no corpo, na doença, no cadáver e na putrefação —, como alegóricas da degenerescência moral e ética de uma "raça loura". Tal leitura torna possível situar a voz narrativa do poema em duas dimensões limiares, pois o “Eu” é ao mesmo tempo um outro (cada um dos adoecidos) e os outros (uma civilização doente).
Informação e divisão do trabalho no território brasileiro: algumas características do setor de seguros e resseguros
Authors: Trevisan Leandro
Published: April 2021

Assistimos na atualidade a uma profunda transformação do território em virtude da emergência do meio técnico-científico-informacional. Neste contexto, a informação adquire novo significado, tornando-se uma variável de fundamental importância para a organização e estratégia dos agentes hegemônicos. Vale destacar que uma das características do período atual é o crescente nível de riscos e incertezas. Assim, a análise do setor de seguros e resseguros é de fundamental importância, uma vez que essas atividades oferecem garantias contra diversos riscos, intensificam a produção de informações e contribuem com o aprofundamento da divisão social e territorial do trabalho.
Avaliação e mapeamento dos serviços ecossistêmicos ofertados pela Reserva Biológica Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Gomes da Silva Mayara , Beltrão Norma Ely Santos , Morales Gundisalvo Piratoba
Published: April 2021

A identificação, classificação e mapeamento de serviços ecossistêmicos fornecem uma visão geral dos ecossistemas, além de salientar a relevância da biodiversidade e funcionamento dos ecossistemas de forma eficaz. O presente estudo objetivou identificar os SEs e localizá-los espacialmente na Reserva Biológica Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo considerando as condições e classes de uso da terra observadas no ano de 2017. A metodologia escolhida baseou-se no estudo de Burkhard et al. (2009) e os resultados encontrados mostraram um alto potencial de oferta na reserva, principalmente em áreas naturais e a perda no fornecimento de serviços de regulação e culturais em áreas alteradas. Conclui-se que a área tem seus serviços ecossistêmicos ameaçados e necessitam de atenção para evitar maior comprometimento da dinâmica natural na reserva.
A posição da Índia na economia-mundo capitalista e o desenvolvimento da indústria de software nacional: a gaiola de ouro
Authors: Ouriques Helton Ricardo , Rodrigues Daniela Santos Nunes
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar como a posição estrutural da Índia na economia-mundo capitalista condicionou o desenvolvimento da indústria de software nacional. Por meio da revisão bibliográfica e da análise de indicadores econômicos é mostrada a relação entre os condicionantes sistêmicos e o desenvolvimento da indústria de software indiana. Identificou-se que inicialmente a Índia empreendeu esforços para equiparar o seu desenvolvimento em hardware e software com o de Estados centrais. Contudo, as pressões para a liberalização econômica e a necessidade de sanar o persistente déficit na balança de pagamentos levaram
Microbially-mediated carbonate dissolution and precipitation; towards a protocol for ex-situ, cave-analogue cultivation experiments
Authors: Johnston Vanessa , Martín-Pérez Andrea , Skok Sara , Mulec Janez
Published: April 2021

Subterranean calcite dissolution and precipitation are often considered as strictly geochemical processes. The active involvement of microbes in these processes is commonly underestimated in the literature due to general oligotrophic conditions in caves, except in particular cave conditions, such as sulfidic caves and moonmilk deposits, where the presence of microbes likely plays a key role in mineral deposition. Here, we study the possible involvement of microbes from Postojna Cave, Slovenia, in carbonate dissolution (litholysis) and precipitation (lithogenesis). Microbes were sampled from small pools below hydrologically diverse drip sites and incubated on polished limestone tablets at 10 and 20°C for 2 and 14 weeks under cave-analogue conditions. The tablets were then observed under scanning electron microscope to investigate microbe–rock interactions. Our experiments showed the presence of various microbial morphotypes, often associated with extracellular polymeric substances, firmly attached on the surfaces. Unfortunately, our surface sterilization method using 96% and 70% ethanol could not establish the complete aseptic conditions in deep natural cracks in the experimental limestone tablets. Nonetheless, our results emulate the interaction of environmental microbes with limestone rock. Conspicuous calcite dissolution and precipitation were observed in association with these microbes. Furthermore, we show evidence of entombment of microbes in a Si-rich precipitate during nutrient-depleted growth conditions and we suggest that microbial involvement in silica mobilization under ambient conditions may be a widespread and often overlooked phenomenon. Our findings have important implications for microbial-mediation of cave carbonate dissolution and precipitation, including the preservation of past climate proxy signals in speleothems and prehistoric cave art. Improvements to the methodology and further work are suggested to enable more robust ex-situ cultivation experiments in the future, facilitating better and more detailed research into this topic.
Update to Assessing Economic Damages in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Litigation: The State of California
Authors: Ben-Zion Barry , Visser Michael
Published: April 2021

This article is designed to update the original article that appeared in the Journal of Forensic Economics, 17:3 (2004). The article discusses a change in procedure for expert discovery and deposition and five substantive changes and clarifications affecting the legal guidance for valuation of damages in personal injury and wrongful death cases in California.
Maternidade por substituição: perspectivas da Conferência da Haia e suas influências no regramento brasileiro
Authors: Cardoso Squeff Tatiana De A. F. R. , Rezende Martins Fernanda
Published: April 2021

O desenvolvimento tecnológico propiciou a criação e aperfeiçoamento de técnicas de reprodução medicamente assistidas, entre elas a gestação por substituição. Caracterizada pelo fato de uma mulher que não pretende assumir a maternidade ceder seu corpo para gestar uma criança para outrem, a técnica ainda carece de diálogo, controle e regulamentação no Brasil e em âmbito internacional. Logo, o presente artigo tem como objetivo observar como as discussões em curso na Conferência de Direito Internacional Privado da Haia (HCCH) podem influenciar a forma como o Brasil trata o assunto. Afinal, no âmbito do Direito Internacional Privado, ainda não há tratado internacional sobre o tema, forte nas divergentes posições entre os países. Assim, utilizando-se do método dedutivo de abordagem e segundo os modelos descritivo e explicativo de análise dos objetivos, esta pesquisa destaca os efeitos da tecnologia na maternidade, a variedade de abordagens sobre o tema no mundo, incluindo o Brasil, e como a HCCH vem se posicionando a respeito do assunto. Para tanto, consulta-se não apenas a doutrina nacional e estrangeira sobre o tema, como também os principais documentos já editados sobre o assunto, em especial, do Conselho Federal de Medicina e da HCCH. Por fim, os resultados apontam que os diálogos até então realizados estão fornecendo princípios básicos e consolidando regras de caráter de soft law. Logo, a busca por um instrumento multilateral pode instigar o Brasil, que ainda não possui regulamentação própria, a discutir e se posicionar para que os direitos basilares de todos os envolvidos na gestação por substituição sejam preservados.
A política da União Europeia no turismo: o turismo cultural e a sustentabilidade do patrimônio industrial na integração
Authors: Custódio Maraluce Maria , Santos Fernando Barotti dos
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo estuda como a integração política e econômica da União Europeia influencia o turismo e como o turismo, enquanto atividade econômica promover maio desbordamento do bloco econômico. A pesquisa demonstra relevância, pois elucida como a cultura, sob a ótica patrimonial de uma sociedade pode contribuir para do desenvolvimento regional e social. O estudo tem como marco teórico as legislações referentes ao bloco europeu e de outros organismos internacionais que os países são signatários. Estuda-se o modelo de integração europeu, a partir do turismo, observando sua ocorrência e seu contorno pelo sistema da entidade supranacional. Por fim, foca-se no turismo industrial, especificamente sobre o patrimônio industrial, para demonstrar como esse turismo pode reforçar a integração da União Europeia. Desenvolveu-se a pesquisa sob a metodologia jurídico-teórica e raciocínio dedutivo, com pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Conclui-se que a política turística aplicada ao patrimônio industrial é uma forma de integração eficaz, promovendo a união, e o sentimento de pertencimento europeu pela comunidade.
A destinação dos bens culturais em processos penais: a arte como reparação coletiva
Authors: Soares Inês Virgínia Prado , Venturini Otavio
Published: April 2021

O artigo tem por objeto a análise da evolução normativa e do papel da prestação jurisdicional no combate à lavagem de dinheiro no mercado de arte no Brasil. O estudo traz como enfoque o tema da destinação das obras de arte apreendidas em processos penais, sob o prisma do amplo acesso aos bens para fruição dos direitos culturais pela coletividade. A análise se propõe a apresentar critérios interpretativos para a redação do art. 124-A do Código de Processo Penal, conferida pela recente “Lei Anticrime” (Lei nº 13.964/19), no que se refere à compreensão do termo “museu público”, bem como sobre quais bens podem ser declarados de interesse público para “musealização”, à luz de dispositivos da Lei dos Museus (Lei nº 11.904/09), bem como do instrumento da Declaração de Interesse Público de Bens Culturais (Decreto 8.124/13).
DIFFERENCES IN MAXIMUM OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS OF DIFFERENT POSITIONS IN THE TEAM
Authors: Ivanek Vladimir , Đukić Branko , Mikić Branimir , Mirković Mane , Rezić Martina
Published: April 2021

The aim of this research is to determine the differences between the aerobic functional abilities of football players from different positions in the team, which should serve as a starting point in planning and monitoring the training process of football players. VO2max, as a basic parameter of functional abilities, was obtained by applying a laboratory progressive test on the treadmill. The sample of respondents was composed of 57 respondents (GOD = 22.47 ± 3.78SD), football players of clubs competing in the first and second leagues of Serbia from the area of Vojvodina, of which 8 goalkeepers, 16 defensive, 17 midfielders and 16 attackers. To test the functional capabilities (oxygen consumption - VOmax), we used a test of progressive continuous load on the treadmill with increasing load per minute through a "breath-by-breath" gas analyzer (Quark PFT ErgoCPET, Cosmed, Italy), which gave data on ventilation and spiroergometric parameters of the subjects by different positions in the team. Anthropometric measures of body weight- (TM) and body height- (TV) were applied to test the morphological characteristics of the subjects. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for data
processing. In order to determine the statistically significant differences of the measured variables between football players by positions, a one-factor anova of different groups, the level of statistical significance (p <0.05) was used. The obtained results of maximum oxygen consumption indicated that there is a statistically significant difference in aerobic abilities between goalkeepers and players in other positions, and they are certainly a consequence of the physiological requirements placed before them and the different training process. The highest mean value of VO2 max had midfielders (53.3 ± 1.9 ml / kg / min), followed by attackers (52.9 ± 4.4 ml / kg / min), defensive players (51.8 ± 3, 3 ml / kg / min) while the lowest values were recorded in the goalkeeper (50.5 ± 1.8 ml / kg / min). There is a logical conclusion that the need for running midfielders is the greatest, and the goalkeeper the least, and that the results are the result of training processes and different requirements for individual positions in the team.
Mapping Research Agendas in U.S. Corporate AI Laboratories
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Gelles Rebecca , Hwang Tim , Rodriguez Simon
Published: April 2021

Leading U.S. companies are investing in the broad research field of artificial intelligence (AI), but where, specifically, are they making these investments? This data brief provides an analysis of the research papers published by Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Google, IBM, and Microsoft over the past decade to better understand what work their labs are prioritizing, and the degree to which these companies have similar or different research agendas overall. The authors find that major “AI companies” are often focused on very different subfields within AI, and that the private sector may be failing to make research investments consistent with ensuring long-term national competitiveness.
Management of patients with atopic dermatitis during pregnancy
Authors: Орлова Е.А. , Виноградова О.П. , Костина Е.М. , Кандрашкина Ю.А.
Published: April 2021

Проблема особенностей течения аллергических заболеваний на фоне беременности, а также рациональные и безопасные подходы к их лечению находятся в фокусе пристального внимания специалистов. В статье представлена клинико-патогенетическая характеристика атопического дерматита у беременных женщин. Уделяется внимание принципам диагностики атопического дерматита при беременности. Ранняя диагностика особенно важна при наступлении беременности, поскольку у детей, рожденных в семье, где оба родителя страдают атопией, риск развития атопического дерматита равняется 75%. В первую очередь для профилактики возможных обострений атопического дерматита у беременных необходимо решить вопрос с ликвидацией триггерных факторов и исключить контакт с аллергенами, особое внимание следует уделять гипоаллергенной диете. Рассматриваются вопросы выбора тактики ведения и терапии дерматоза с учетом клинических исследований, оценки степени риска для беременной и плода. Обсуждаются особенности применения эмолентов, топических глюкокортикостероидов, топических противозудных средств, седативных и антигистаминных препаратов в составе комплексной терапии беременных с атопическим дерматитом.

The problem of the peculiarities of the course of allergic diseases during pregnancy, as well as rational and safe approaches to their treatment, is in the focus of close attention of specialists. The article presents the clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of atopic dermatitis in pregnant women. Attention is paid to the principles of diagnosis of atopic dermatitis during pregnancy. Early diagnosis is especially important when pregnancy occurs, since children born to a family where both parents have atopy have a 75% risk of developing atopic dermatitis. First of all, for the prevention of possible exacerbations of atopic dermatitis in pregnant women, it is necessary to resolve the issue of eliminating trigger factors and exclude contact with allergens, special attention should be paid to a hypoallergenic diet. The issues of the choice of tactics of management and therapy of dermatosis are considered, taking into account clinical studies, assessment of the degree of risk for the pregnant woman and the fetus. The features of the use of emollients, topical glucocorticosteroids, topical antipruritic agents, sedatives and antihistamines as part of the complex therapy of pregnant women with atopic dermatitis are discussed.
Hyvinvointitalouden idea EU-politiikassa
Authors: Ahokas Jussi
Published: April 2021

Puheenvuoro tarkastelee hyvinvointitalouden idean leviämistä kansalaisyhteiskunnasta ja kansallisvaltion politiikka-agendalta EU-politiikkaan. Suomen EU-puheenjohtajuuden aikana sosiaali- ja terveysministeriön sekä Suomen EU-edustuston johdolla hyvinvointitalous nostettiin EU-keskusteluihin ja politiikkaprosesseihin. Tavoitteena oli vaikuttaa ja nostaa uusia näkökulmia EU:n sosiaali-, terveys-, työllisyys- ja talouspolitiikkaan. Hyvinvointitalouden idean kautta haluttiin lisätä politiikan hyvinvointilähtöisyyttä ja osoittaa hyvinvoinnin merkitys kestävälle taloudelliselle kehitykselle. Hyvinvointitalouden idean edistäminen nojasi vahvasti kansainvälisiin keskusteluihin ja kansainvälisten talousorganisaatioiden tukeen. Määrätietoinen toiminta, oikeiden institutionaalisten kanavien löytäminen sekä kansainvälisen episteemisen yhteisön muodostuminen ovat olleet keskeisiä tekijöitä hyvinvointitalouden idean leviämisessä osaksi EU-politiikkaa. Hyvinvointitalouden idean vaikutus EU:n politiikkaprosesseihin ja politiikkaparadigmoihin on vielä auki, ja idean selvittäminen vaatii lisätutkimusta. Alustavat havainnot kuitenkin antavat olettaa, että esimerkiksi Euroopan komission valintoihin hyvinvointitalouden idealla ja siihen liittyvällä vaikuttamistyöllä on ollut vaikutusta. Suomen EU-puheenjohtajuuskauden hyvinvointitalousprosessia voidaankin pitää onnistuneena.
Statistically analyzing the effect of ionospheric irregularity on GNSS radio occultation atmospheric measurement
Authors: Li Mingzhe , Yue Xinan
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) atmospheric
radio occultation (RO) has been an effective method for exploring Earth's atmosphere. RO signals propagate through the ionosphere before reaching the
neutral atmosphere. The GNSS signal is affected by the ionospheric
irregularity including the sporadic E (Es) and F region irregularity mainly due
to the multipath effect. The effect of ionospheric irregularity on
atmospheric RO data has been demonstrated by several studies in terms of analyzing singe cases. However, its statistical effect has not been investigated
comprehensively. In this study, based on the Constellation Observing System
for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) RO data during 2011–2013,
the failed inverted RO events occurrence rate and the bending angle
oscillation, which is defined as the standard deviation of the bias between
the observed bending angle and the National Center for Atmospheric Research
(NCAR) climatology model bending angle between 60 and 80 km, were used for
statistical analysis. It is found that at middle and low latitudes during
the daytime, the failed inverted RO occurrence and the bending angle
oscillation show obvious latitude, longitude, and local time variations,
which correspond well with the Es occurrence features. The F region
irregularity (FI) contributes to the obvious increase of the failed inverted
RO occurrence rate and the bending angle oscillation value during the
nighttime over the geomagnetic equatorial regions. For high latitude
regions, the Es can increase the failed inverted RO occurrence rate and the
bending angle oscillation value during the nighttime. There also exists the
seasonal dependency of the failed inverted RO event and the bending angle
oscillation. Overall, the ionospheric irregularity effects on GNSS
atmospheric RO measurement statistically exist in terms of failed RO event inversion and
bending angle oscillation. Awareness of these effects could
benefit both the data retrieval and applications of RO in the lower
atmosphere.
Hypersaline tidal flats as important “blue carbon” systems: a case study from three ecosystems
Authors: Brown Dylan R. , Marotta Humberto , Peixoto Roberta B. , Enrich-Prast Alex , Barroso Glenda C. , Soares Mario L. G. , Machado Wilson , Pérez Alexander , Smoak Joseph M. , Sanders Luciana M. , Conrad Stephen , Sippo James Z. , Santos Isaac R. , Maher Damien T. , Sanders Christian J.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Hypersaline tidal flats (HTFs) are coastal ecosystems with freshwater deficits often occurring in arid or semi-arid regions near mangrove supratidal zones with no major fluvial contributions. Here, we estimate that organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were buried at rates averaging 21 (±6), 1.7 (±0.3) and 1.4 (±0.3) gm-2yr-1, respectively, during the previous century in three contrasting HTF systems, one in Brazil (eutrophic) and two in Australia (oligotrophic). Although these rates are lower than those from nearby mangrove, saltmarsh and seagrass systems, the importance of HTFs as sinks for OC, TN and TP may be significant given their extensive coverage. Despite the measured short-term variability between net air–saltpan CO2 influx and emission estimates found during the dry and wet season in the Brazilian HTF, the only site with seasonal CO2 flux measurements, the OC sedimentary profiles over several decades suggest efficient OC burial at all sites. Indeed, the stable isotopes of OC and TN (δ13C and δ15N) along with C:N ratios show that microphytobenthos are the major source of the buried OC in these HTFs. Our findings highlight a previously unquantified carbon as well as a nutrient sink and suggest that coastal HTF ecosystems could be included in the emerging blue carbon framework.
Wetter environment and increased grazing reduced the area burned in northern Eurasia from 2002 to 2016
Authors: Hao Wei Min , Reeves Matthew C. , Baggett L. Scott , Balkanski Yves , Ciais Philippe , Nordgren Bryce L. , Petkov Alexander , Corley Rachel E. , Mouillot Florent , Urbanski Shawn P. , Yue Chao
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Northern Eurasia is currently highly sensitive to climate change. Fires in this region can have significant impacts on regional air quality, radiative forcing and black carbon deposition in the Arctic which can accelerate ice melting. Using a MODIS-derived burned area dataset, we report that the total annual area burned in this region declined by 53 % during the 15-year period from 2002 to 2016. Grassland fires dominated this trend, accounting for 93 % of the decline in the total area burned. Grassland fires in Kazakhstan contributed 47 % of the total area burned and 84 % of the decline. A wetter climate and increased grazing are the principle driving forces for the decline. Our findings (1) highlight the importance of the complex interactions of climate–vegetation–land use in affecting fire activity and (2) reveal how the resulting impacts on fire activity in a relatively small region such as Kazakhstan can dominate the trends in burned areas across a much larger landscape of northern Eurasia.
Dynamics of the Mediterranean droughts from 850 to 2099 CE in the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Kim Woon Mi , Raible Christoph C.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. In this study, we analyze the dynamics of multi-year droughts over the western and central Mediterranean for the period of 850–2099 CE using the Community Earth System Model version 1.0.1. Overall, the model is able to realistically represent droughts over this region, although it shows some biases in representing El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability and mesoscale phenomena that are relevant in the context of droughts over the region. The analysis of the simulations shows that there is a discrepancy among diverse drought metrics in representing duration and frequencies of past droughts in the western and central Mediterranean. The self-calibrated Palmer drought severity index identifies droughts with significantly longer duration than other drought indices during 850–1849 CE. This re-affirms the necessity of assessing a variety of drought indices in drought studies in the paleoclimate context as well. Independent of the choice of the drought index, the analysis of the period 850–1849 CE suggests that Mediterranean droughts are mainly driven by internal variability of the climate system rather than external forcing. Strong volcanic eruptions show no connection to dry conditions but instead are connected to wet conditions over the Mediterranean. The analysis further shows that Mediterranean droughts are characterized by a barotropic high-pressure system together with a positive temperature anomaly over central Europe. This pattern occurs in all seasons of drought years, with stronger amplitudes during winter and spring. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and ENSO are also involved during Mediterranean multi-year droughts, showing that droughts occur more frequently with positive NAO and La Niña-like conditions. These modes of variability play a more important role during the initial stage of droughts. As a result, the persistence of multi-year droughts is determined by the interaction between the regional atmospheric and soil moisture variables, i.e., the land–atmosphere feedbacks, during the transition years of droughts. These feedbacks are intensified during the period 1850–2099 CE due to the anthropogenic influence, thus reducing the role of modes of variability on droughts in this period. Eventually, the land–atmosphere feedbacks induce a constant dryness over the Mediterranean region for the late 21st century relative to the period 1000–1849 CE.
23rd Century surprises: Long-term dynamics of the climate and carbon cycle under both high and net negative emissions scenarios
Authors: Koven Charles , Arora Vivek K. , Cadule Patricia , Fisher Rosie A. , Jones Chris D. , Lawrence David M. , Lewis Jared , Lindsey Keith , Mathesius Sabine , Meinshausen Malte , Mills Michael , Nicholls Zebedee , Sanderson Benjamin M. , Swart Neil C. , Wieder William R. , Zickfeld Kirsten
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Future climate projections from Earth system models (ESMs) typically focus on the timescale of this century. We use a set of four ESMs and one Earth system model of intermediate complexity (EMIC) to explore the dynamics of the Earth’s climate and carbon cycles under contrasting emissions trajectories beyond this century, to the year 2300. The trajectories include a very high emissions, unmitigated fossil-fuel driven scenario, as well as a second mitigation scenario that diverges from the first scenario after 2040 and features an “overshoot”, followed by stabilization of atmospheric CO2 concentrations by means of large net-negative CO2 emissions. In both scenarios, and for all models considered here, the terrestrial system switches from being a net sink to either a neutral state or a net source of carbon, though for different reasons and centered in different geographic regions, depending on both the model and the scenario. The ocean carbon system remains a sink, albeit weakened by climate-carbon feedbacks, in all models under the high emissions scenario, and switches from sink to source in the overshoot scenario. The global mean temperature anomaly generally follows the trajectories of cumulative carbon emissions, except that 23rd-century warming continues after the cessation of carbon emissions in several models, both in the high emissions scenario and in one model in the overshoot scenario. While ocean carbon cycle responses qualitatively agree both in globally integrated and zonal-mean dynamics in both scenarios, the land models qualitatively disagree in zonal-mean dynamics, in the relative roles of vegetation and soil in driving C fluxes, in the response of the sink to CO2, and in the timing of the sink-source transition, particularly in the high emissions scenario. The lack of agreement among land models on the mechanisms and geographic patterns of carbon cycle feedbacks, alongside the potential for lagged physical climate dynamics to cause warming long after CO2 concentrations have stabilized, point to the possibility of surprises in the climate system beyond the 21st century time horizon, even under relatively mitigated global warming scenarios, which should be taken into consideration when setting global climate policy.
Daily standardized precipitation index with multiple time scale for monitoring water deficit across the mainland China from 1961 to 2018
Authors: Wang Qianfeng , Zhang Rongrong , Qu Yanping , Zeng Jingyu , Wu Xiaoping , Zhou Xiaozhen , Ren Binyu , Li Xiaohan , Zhou Duhui
Published: April 2021

Abstract. With the increasing shortage of water resources, drought has become one of the hot issues in the world. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) is one of the widely used drought assessment indicators because of its simple and effective calculation method, but it can only assess drought events more than one month. We developed a new multi-scale daily SPI dataset to make up for the shortcomings of the commonly used SPI and meet the needs of drought types at different time scales. Taking three typical stations in Henan, Yunnan and Fujian Province as examples, the drought events identified by SPI with different scales were consistent with the historical drought events recorded. Meanwhile, we took the 3-month scale SPI of soil and agricultural drought as an example, and analyzed the characteristics of drought events in 484 stations in Chinese mainland. The results showed that most of the drought events the mainland China did not increase significantly, and some parts of the northwestern Xinjiang and Northeast China showed signs of gradual relief. In short, our daily SPI data set is freely available to the public on the website https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14135144, and can effectively capture drought events of different scales. It can also meet the needs of drought research in different fields such as meteorology, hydrology, agriculture, social economy, etc.
Technical note: Diagnostic efficiency – specific evaluation of model performance
Authors: Schwemmle Robin , Demand Dominic , Weiler Markus
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A better understanding of the reasons why hydrological
model performance is unsatisfying represents a crucial part of meaningful
model evaluation. However, current evaluation efforts are mostly based on
aggregated efficiency measures such as Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) or Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). These aggregated measures provide a relative gradation of model performance. Especially in the case of a weak model performance it is important to identify the different errors which may have caused such unsatisfactory predictions. These errors may originate from the model parameters, the model structure, and/or the input data. In order to provide more insight, we define three types of errors which may be related to their source: constant error (e.g. caused by consistent input data error such as precipitation), dynamic error (e.g. structural model errors such as a deficient storage routine) and timing error (e.g. caused by input data errors or deficient model routines/parameters). Based on these types of errors, we propose the novel diagnostic efficiency (DE) measure, which accounts for these three error types. The disaggregation of DE into its three metric terms can be visualized in a plain radial space using diagnostic polar plots. A major advantage of this visualization technique is that error contributions can be clearly differentiated. In order to provide a proof of concept, we first generated time series artificially with the three different error types (i.e. simulations are surrogated by manipulating observations). By computing DE and the related diagnostic polar plots for the reproduced errors, we could then supply evidence for the concept. Finally, we tested the applicability of our approach for a modelling example. For a particular catchment, we compared streamflow simulations realized with different parameter sets to the observed streamflow. For this modelling example, the diagnostic polar plot suggests that dynamic errors explain the overall error to a large extent. The proposed evaluation approach provides a diagnostic tool for model developers and model users and the diagnostic polar plot facilitates interpretation of the proposed performance measure as well as a relative gradation of model performance similar to the well-established efficiency measures in hydrology.
THỰC TRẠNG KIẾN THỨC CHĂM SÓC TRẺ DƯỚI 5 TUỔI MẮC NHIỄM KHUẨN HÔ HẤP CẤP TÍNH CỦA BÀ MẸ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI THÁI BÌNH NĂM 2020
Authors: Tăng Thị Hảo , Tăng Thị Hải
Published: April 2021

Nhiễm khuẩn hô hấp cấp tính hiện đang có tỷ lệ mắc và tử vong cao, là nguyên nhân hàng đầu gây gánh nặng bệnh tật và đứng thứ 3 gây tử vong ở trẻ dưới 5 tuổi. Việc chăm sóc, xử trí và phòng bệnh nhiễm khuẩn hô hấp cấp tính không chỉ phụ thuộc vào cán bộ y tế mà còn phụ thuộc rất nhiều vào kiến thức của bà mẹ. Bà mẹ có kiến thức tốt về bệnh, chăm sóc đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc phòng bệnh, phát hiện bệnh sớm và đưa trẻ đến cơ sở y tế kịp thời, giúp giảm tỷ lệ mắc và tử vong cho trẻ. Từ thực tế đó nghiên cứu được tiến hành nhằm mục đích mô tả thực trạng kiến thức của bà mẹ có con dưới 5 tuổi mắc nhiễm khuẩn hô hấp cấp tính điều trị tại Bệnh viện Nhi tỉnh Thái Bình năm 2020. Kết quả nghiên cứu có thấy, kiến thức chung của bà mẹ về bệnh, chăm sóc, dự phòng NKHHCT còn hạn chế với điểm trung bình kiến thức chung của nhóm can thiệp là 22,0 ± 7,0 và nhóm đối chứng là 22,5 ± 6,5 (tối đa 44 điểm). Điểm trung bình kiến thức về bệnh, chăm sóc và dự phòng lần lượt là: 12,0 ± 4,3; 4,9 ± 2,1; 5,1 ± 1,8 ở nhóm can thiệp và 12,4± 4,2, 5,0± 1,8, 5,0 ±1,9 ở nhóm đối chứng. Tỷ lệ bà mẹ có kiến thức đạt ở cả 2 nhóm còn thấp: với 20,0% ở nhóm can thiệp và 21,7% ở nhóm đối chứng. Do vậy, việc tăng cường giáo dục sức khỏe cho bà mẹ của cán bộ y tế đặc biệt là đội ngũ điều dưỡng là rất cần thiết.
NHÂN LỰC Y TẾ VÀ HOẠT ĐỘNG KHÁM CHỮA BỆNH CỦA BỆNH VIỆN NỘI TIẾT TRUNG ƯƠNG 2015-2020
Authors: Bùi Minh Thu , Đào Văn Dũng , Bùi Thế Nghĩa
Published: April 2021

Mục tiêu: Phân tích nhân lực y tế và hoạt động khám chữa bệnh của Bệnh viện Nội tiết Trung ương 2015-2020. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang kết hợp phương pháp nghiên cứu định lượng (số liệu thứ cấp) và nghiên cứu định tính (phỏng vấn sâ
THỰC TRẠNG KIẾN THỨC VÀ THỰC HÀNH LÀM MẸ AN TOÀN CỦA CÁC BÀ MẸ SINH CON TẠI CƠ SỞ Y TẾ CÔNG TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN TỈNH NINH BÌNH NĂM 2019
Authors: Phạm Văn Dậu , Phạm Cầm Kỳ , Bùi Thị Hương
Published: April 2021

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kiến thức và thực hành làm mẹ an toàn của các bà mẹ sinh con tại cơ sở y tế công trên địa bàn tỉnh Ninh Bình năm 2019. Đối tượng nghiên cứu: Các bà mẹ sinh con tại cơ sở y tế công trên địa bàn tỉnh. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả qua cuộc điều tra cắt ngang. Kết quả nghiên cứu: Tỷ lệ bà mẹ hiểu đúng về LMAT khi được hỏi chiếm 38.4%; Có 97.5% bà mẹ cho rằng cần phải kiểm tra sức khỏe trước khi mang thai; Có 86.1% bà mẹ cho rằng cần thiết phải tiêm phòng trước khi mang thai; Có 60.2% bà mẹ có kiến thức đúng về việc khám thai cần thực hiện đầy đủ cả siêu âm, xét nghiệm máu và xét nghiệm nước tiểu; Có 19.5% bà mẹ thực hiện khám thai từ 3 lần trở xuống, có 80.5% bà mẹ thực hiện khám thai từ 4 lần trở lên. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ bà mẹ có kiến thức đúng và đầy đủ về LMAT còn rất thấp; tỷ lệ khám thai từ 4 lần trở lên trong suốt thai kì khá cao.
Analysis of the Influence of the Amount of Labor, Level of Education and Government Spending on Economic Growth in North Sumatera
Authors: Sari Janita , . Irsad , . Rahmanta
Published: April 2021

This study was to analyze the effect of labor, levels of education and government spending on the education sector on economic growth in North Sumatra. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of North Sumatra and the Central Statistics Agency of North Sumatra Province, which consists of 33 districts / cities in several publications from 2015–2019. The research method used is panel data with a Fixed Effect Model approach. The results of this study indicate that labor has a negative and insignificant effect on economic growth, the level of education has a significant positive effect on economic growth and government spending in the education sector has a significant positive effect on economic growth in North Sumatra in 2015-2019.

Keywords: Economic Growth, Labor, Education Level and Government Expenditure.
Physics Student-Teachers’ Challenges during Teaching Practice in Secondary Schools and Their Solutions: A Study of Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi
Authors: B. A Atsuwe, , E, V Nomji,
Published: April 2021

This study examined the challenges faced by student-teachers during teaching practice and their possible solutions in the Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue state, Nigeria. To achieve this, the descriptive survey research design was adopted. Four Research questions and four Research hypotheses guided the study. The sample of the study was drawn from five degree options out of the eight degree options in the College of Agricultural and science Education in the study area. Primary data were used for the study specifically obtained using well-structured questionnaire. Two hundred copies of the questionnaires were administered on the respondents and survey data analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Results of the analyses showed that classroom management significantly affect student-teachers’ performance during teaching practice in secondary schools. The results revealed that curriculum development and instruction significantly affect student-teachers’ during their practice year. The result also revealed that supervision of student-teachers’ does greatly affect students’ teachers during their teachers during their teaching practice. The study recommends that Proper and maximal attention should be given to the classroom management by student-teachers’ in order to achieve the specific objectives at the end of the lesson in the classroom .There is need for the government to provide good library facilities and laboratories.

Keywords: student-teachers’, Teaching practice, Challenges, Secondary Schools.
The Effectiveness and Efficiency of Cadets (Student) Care Patterns Implementation of Character Education in Polytechnic Flight Jayapura
Authors: Palpialy Jemi V. , Makanuay Akilla
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, multidimensional crises are increasingly reaching down to the smallest social sphere, rooting in the decreasing quality of the nation's character. Character education is one solution to overcome these problems. In this study, it discusses the Jayapura Aviation Polytechnic as a formal institution that is expected to carry out character education for its cadets so that they are able, create and cultivate the nation's successors with good character according to the values adopted.

Keywords: Character education, cadets, Jayapura Aviation Polytechnic.
PENGARUH SLOW DEEP BREATHING TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI
Authors: Pratiwi Anggi
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan : Tekanan darah tinggi menjadi adalah masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang meningkat dengan signifikan. Angka kejadian hipertensi di Indonesia berjumlah 34.1% dan untuk di Jakarta 35%. Hipertensi dapat diobati dengan cara farmakologis dan non farmakologis dan juga dengan terapi alternatif. Slow deep breathing merupakan salah satu teknik latihan dan relaksasi yang membantu menjaga keadaan normal tekanan darah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh slow deep breathing pada tekanan darah di antara pasien dengan hipertensi. Metode : Design penelitian ini adalah one group pretest-posttest design. Sampel berjumlah 15 responden yang ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisa data dengan menggunakan t-test dependent. Latihan slow deep breathing diberikan kepada responden dua kali sehari selama satu jam selama satu minggu. Tekanan darah diukur dengan sphygmomanometer elektronik sebelum serta setelah intervensi di setiap sampel. Hasil : Latihan slow deep breathing efektif dalam mengurangi tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada tingkat tersebut dengan nilai p <0,05. Diskusi : Slow deep breathing dapat menurunkan tekanan darah dengan efek melalui sistem kontrol refleks kardiovaskuler dan sensitivitas barorefleks serta penurunan tekanan darah.

 

Kata kunci : Hipertensi, slow deep breathing, tekanan darah
Investigations of the extended radio galaxy NGC 6251 and the galaxies in the environment
Authors: Hovhannisyan M. A. , Andreasyan R. R. , Paronyan G. M.
Published: April 2021

The environment of one of the most extended radio galaxies, NGC 6251, has been studied. The surface density of the environment galaxies in the region with the radius 300 arcmin around a radio galaxy NGC 6251 is 0.0315 in one arcmin2. In the distances less than 180 arcmin, the density of galaxies decreases, which is most likely due to the strong radio loudness and the interaction of radio galaxy with its surroundings.
Search for Galaxies Clusters around Radio Galaxies with Different Linear Sizes
Authors: Ohanian G. A.
Published: April 2021

In order to understand how galaxies have formed and evolved in dense environments, and how these environments themselves evolve, we use the method of optical photometric survey of the field around radio galaxies. For this purpose, a statistical significant sample of radio galaxies consisting of 3 size radio source subclasses - GPS, CSS and FRI/II is selected for observations at the 1m Schmidt telescope of the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory. This method will allow us not only to detect distant clusters of galaxies, but also watch the sequence of development of these clusters - how changes their compactness, richness, and so on.