bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacognostic evaluation and physico-chemical analysis of Lantana camara (Linn.) flowers
Authors: Singh Bora Kundan , Singh Baldev
Published: May 2019

Pharmacognostic standardization plays a crucial role in identification of a particular plant and also helps to authenticate the plant under study and prevent it from adulteration and substitution. The plant Lantana camara Linn. (Family: Lamiaceae) is native to the tropical regions of the America, Africa and Asia. It is found in Kumaun and Garhwal resign of Uttarakhand, India. It is locally known as shrub Verbenas and Ghaneri. The plant has been used for various ailments in traditional systems of medicines. In the current investigation, pharmacognostic standardization and physico-chemical analysis of Lantana camara flowers has been attempted. All the parameters including, extractive values, ash values, loss on drying and determination of foreign organic matter were determined following the World Health Organization guidelines. Macroscopic characters like shape, size, color, odor, and surface characteristics along with inflorescence characteristics of flower of Lantana camara were noted. Powder microscopy showed useful diagnostic features like fibres, xylem vessels, pitted xylem vessels, glandular trichomes, covering trichomes, calcium oxalate crystals etc. The transverse section of peddicles of flower showed epidermis, covering trichomes, vascular cylinder, central medulla etc. Furthermore, various physico-chemical parameters were also estimated as per WHO guidelines. The data generated from the current study would be employed as supplement information in respect of identification parameters in the way of acceptability and quality control of this plant.
Survival of free and microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis in Doogh (a yogurt drink)
Authors: Zomorodi Shahin
Published: May 2019

The present study was investigated the survival of probiotic strains, namely Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAFTI-L10) and Bifidobacterium lactis (LAFTI-B94), in both microencapsulated and free forms in Doogh as a yogurt drink. The effects of probiotic strains on physicochemical and sensory properties, stability, and microstructures of Doogh were evaluated during storage for 45 days in a cold room at a temperature of 5±1 °C. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the number of L. acidophilus and B. lactis in free forms decreased about 1.1 and 2.2 log cycles, respectively. However, the number of the microencapsulated forms were remained relatively constant during the storage period. Both free and microencapsulated forms were successful in keeping the counts of L. acidophilus and B. lactis in Doogh high enough for the therapeutic minimum (106-107 cfug-1) after 45 days. Nonetheless, the number of microencapsulated probiotics was higher than that of the free cells. The acidity, pH, and stability were significantly different between the samples. The microstructure of the samples was affected by the microencapsulation of bacteria because the sample distribution of the clusters and particles was more regular in the samples containing microencapsulated probiotics than in those containing free forms. According to the results of sensory evaluations, probiotics not only exerted no adverse effects on the physicochemical and sensory properties of Doogh but also improved the stability, microstructure, and flavor of this drink. Therefore, Doogh can be considered an effective food carrier for the delivery of probiotic organisms.
Effect of Employee Demographic Characteristics and Family/Work Conflict on Organizational Commitment Among the Police Officers in Nakuru County, Kenya.
Authors: Kipkebut Dr. Dinah J. , Lekaram Esther
Published: May 2019

This paper examines the demographic characteristics and related variables on family/work conflict among the Police Officers in Nakuru County, Kenya.  The participants were from eight (8) Police Division and a simple random sample of 170 was derived from a total number of 278 Officers.  The level of conflict that employees perceive between their working and personal lives on organizational commitment was based on their personal characteristics which included: gender, marital status, age, level of education, tenure and number of hours worked among the police officers. The report suggested that the biographical personal characteristics suggested that those who participated there were more male officers compared to the female gender. The results showed that more female police officers experienced more stress than men which spill into their work due to the multiple roles they play as wives, mothers, care givers, family career as well as employees.  The results are discussed in terms of marital status, level of education, tenure of service and numbers of hours worked per day on how they influence organizational commitment among the police officers in Nakuru County, Kenya
Stimulants augmentation with an antidepressant for the treatment of the major depressive disorder (MDD)
Authors: F. Marashdeh Dr. Muath , R. Haddad Dr. Eva , A. Obaisat Dr. Maxim , M. Al-Alwan Dr. Malik
Published: May 2019

The use of antidepressants and sedative drugs is the best treatment proved for major depressive disorder and in some cases the electrical convulsion therapy. The use of stimulants off-label in clinical practice an increasing concern as there is no research evidence to support their effectiveness.
DEVELOPING STUDENTS LEARNING ATTRIBUTES THROUGH COLLABORATIVE LEARNING BASED ON FLIPPED CLASSROOM
Authors: Suwito S , Hamdani Akhmad Faruq
Published: May 2019

Educators and education practitioners should be able to respond educational shift by modify paradigm of learning in the classroom. The problem that frequently emerge were the lack of conceptual and practical understanding, experience sharing among the students, as well as spirit of collaboration in learning. The purpose of the study was to build and develop students’ learning character through collaborative learning based on flipped class. The study was done in the framework of lesson study, using three steps (plan, do, and see). The technical steps included socialization, identifying problem, designing learning process, implementation, evaluation and reflection, and follow up. The result showed that collaborative learning based on flipped classroom was effective in developing the spirit of cooperation, honesty, discipline, and openness as it prioritized on the ability to cooperate with the others. There were some obstacles regarding time and class size in conducting lesson study.

Keywords: Collaborative Learning, Flipped Classroom, Learning Attributes.

 

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Copyright (c) 2018 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember

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Durabilidad de mezclas de concreto con diferentes contenidos de ceniza volante activada
Authors: RENDON BELMONTE MARIELA , MARTINEZ MADRID MIGUEL , MARTINEZ PEREZ ROSA VERONICA , PERÉZ QUIROZ JOSÉ TRINIDAD
Published: May 2019

Este artículo describe propiedades referentes a la durabilidad de cinco mezclas de concreto con distintos contenidos de ceniza volante activada (CVA) y cemento portland tipo CPC 40. Los ensayos realizados fueron: velocidad de pulso ultrasónico, resistividad eléctrica aparente, permeabilidad rápida al ión cloruro y resistencia mecánica a la compresión. Los resultados indicaron que la calidad de todas las mezclas resultó durable, el desarrollo de la resistividad eléctrica y disminución del nivel de permeabilidad al ión cloruro fue favorecido por el contenido de CVA. En cuanto a las resistencias a la compresión, se notó que a mayor contenido de CVA estas resultaron menores. El porcentaje máximo de sustitución de CVA para cumplir con los criterios de durabilidad actuales resultó del 65%.
Pembangunan Sosial Ekonomi Di Indragiri Hilir Riau Perspektif Teori Kebijakan Fiskal Abdul Mannan
Authors: Mis Salmia
Published: May 2019

Fiscal Policy is a government�s policy related to regional and national income and expenditure. This policy is very important in a region because this policy not only discusses how a region or state gets fund and utilizes the fund to develop the region, but also discusses how fiscal policy is able to create development and prosperity for people�s socio-economic life. The glory of Islam in the past has also convinced people that the economic development system that was used could survive and had a well-known history, so the theory of Abdul Mannan, who was a contemporary Muslim economist, could be used, expecting that the glory of Islamic countries in the past could be repeated nowadays. Mannan wrote in his fiscal policy perspective based on Islamic law. The core of Mannan�s fiscal policy in socio-economic development is the principles of happiness (at-targib) for society and socio-economic improvement, as well as spiritual and moral development. Therefore, this study focused on the Situation of Socio-Economic Development of Indragiri Hilir Regency whose majority of the population is Moslem; whether the implementation of fiscal policy in Indragiri Hilir has been relevant to Mannan�s theory. Such question could be answered after conducting a research in Indragiri Hilir using interview technique to several informants from Local Government Officials, Members of Parliament and Indragiri Hilir Society. The results showed that the development in Indragiri Hilir focuses more on plantation development because the majority of population works as farmers and gardening. In addition, several things that are not yet relevant are: non conducive regional bureaucracy and uneven infrastructure development.
Persepsi Nasabah Tentang Mutu Pelayanan Dan Produk Bankaltimtara Syariah Cabang Samarinda
Authors: Yuliani Irma
Published: May 2019

This study aims to determine customer perceptions of service quality and products of Kaltimtara Sharia Bank Samarinda Branch. This type of research is field research. The nature of this study is qualitative descriptive by using interviews and questionnaires as data collection techniques. The population in this study are all priority customers of Samarinda Bank Kaltimtara Syariah Branch, amounting to 300 customers, using purposive techniques. sampling, the research sample was 75 respondents and interviews with related parties. The results showed that customer perceptions of service quality and products at Bankaltimtara Syariah Samarinda branch were measured using the CARTER dimension (Compliance, Assurance, Reliability, Tangibles, Emphaty, and Responsiveness). Whereas for products measured through 6 dimensions which include Performance, Features, Realiability, Durability, Conformance to specifications and aesthethic shows positive results which are very good but the things that need to be considered are regarding the need for additional park land specialized and financial consultations to meet priority customer needs. This is in line with the results of interviews with relevant parties that indicate the quality or quality of services and products that are sharia standard and in accordance with the vision and mission of Bankaltimtara Syariah.
PASAR MASYARAKAT DIGITAL DAN DEGRADASI NETIQUETTE
Authors: Ramadhon Fazrian Noor
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAKPerkembangan komunikasi dalam bermedia sosial, semakin menciptakan peluang juga tantanganbaru. Peluangnya yaitu terciptanya pekerjaan jenis baru yang lebih menggiurkan bahkan digemarioleh pengguna media sosial. Misalnya, Selebgram dan YouTuber. Menjadi seorang Selebgramataupun YouTuber, merupakan salah satu dampak dari perkembangan media sosial. Seseorangbisa bekerja juga menghasilkan uang, hanya dengan modal banyak jejaring teman maya yangdimiliki di media sosial. Semakin banyak jejaring teman maya, semakin berpotensi pula pundipundiuang yang diraih. Bahkan jauh lebih dalamnya, pengguna akan semakin berpotensi untukdikenaldanterkenal layaknya menjadiseorangartis. Akantetapi,peluang baru tersebut justrumenciptakanpula tantangan baru dalam bermedia sosial, salah satunya yaitu degradasi etikadalambermedia sosial (netiquette).Dampaknya, cyber bullying,hate speech, sexual harrasment,menjadisaturesikolumrahketika memutuskanuntuk menggunakanmediasosial.Halinilah yangmenjaditantangan keras bagi TeoriKhalayak Kepala Batu. Teorikritik inimengatakan bahwamasyarakattidak hanya sekedar menerima apapun yang disampaikan media sosial, melainkanberperanaktif untukmencernahingga memberikan responbalik terhadapmedia sosial. Penelitianinimenggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengantujuan untuk menganalisa peluang dan tantangan media sosial bagi netiquette.Kata Kunci: Pasar Masyarakat Digital, Netiquette, Teori Khalayak Kepala Batu
Advancing High-Temperature ESP Technology for SAGD Applications
Authors: Caridad Jose , Shang Song
Published: May 2019

A new high-temperature electric submersible pump (ESP) system was introduced in 2017 that is designed to address documented failure mechanisms and improve system reliability for steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) operations at 250°C. A closed-loop product improvement workflow based on equipment dismantle, inspection and failure analysis (DIFA) has significantly driven high-temperature ESP technology development and reliability. In this paper, the authors discuss the unique closed-loop design workflow, present the new engineering features to address the identified failure modes, review field results and demonstrate the positive effects of the design modifications by comparing reliability trends based on nearly 150 field installations of the new generation equipment.
High-Speed High-Rate Slim ESP Development and Qualification Testing
Authors: Lastra Rafael , Xiao J. J. , Lee Woon , Radcliffe Alan
Published: May 2019

Electrical Submersible Pumping (ESP) is the most suitable artificial lift method for producing high flow rates, however, there are shortcomings with the standard ESP technology in slim well applications. On the one hand, well production is often curtailed due to pump performance limitations and on the other hand, long strings and tight clearances make the current slim ESP systems more prone to failure when compared with larger diameter ESP applications.

This paper discusses the development and qualification of a new type of High-speed High-rate Slim ESP system that can be installed inside liners as small as 4 ½" and that is able to produce twice the rate of standard ESP technology. This new technology is also designed to increase both performance and reliability of the system.

There are many challenges associated with the development of an ESP able to produce high rates in small diameters; this paper discusses mechanical and hydraulic considerations and the evaluation of trade-offs between efficiency, rotational speed and production rate, among others. This paper also discusses the testing and qualification plan, as well as the results obtained during the factory acceptance testing phase.
ESP Technology Improvements in Peregrino Field
Authors: Castro Vinicius , Pastre Luiz , Marins Jean
Published: May 2019

Peregrino is a Brazilian offshore field which has been operated by Equinor since 2011. The fields crude oil viscosity ranges from 129 to 364 cp and the API gravity varies between 13° and 15° API. Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP's) were selected as the Artificial Lift method to produce the heavy oil from Peregrino. The ESP equipment design has been modified throughout the years to address various failure modes, therefore improve system reliability by adapting customized solutions. This paper describes in detail the ESP application and solutions implemented in the field to overcome those challenges.

Every ESP string pulled from Peregrino is dismantled and inspected and this paper will discuss the routines used to conduct failure analysis and continuous improvement.

The main challenge with the ESP operations in Peregrino has been asphaltene precipitation in the seal sections and emulsion formation. Emulsion instabilities cause pressure, temperature and electrical current fluctuations, which increase stress in downhole equipment. This paper will discuss how the ESP equipment in Peregrino has been improved to meet the various challenges, an overview of the following equipment changes will be discussed:Packer penetratorPump diffusersESP MotorNew Seal construction

An overview of the ESP equipment reliability spanning the lifetime of Peregrino's operations will also be described in this paper.
Analyzing SAGD Producer Flow Instability and ESP Deterioration Using Dynamic Flow Simulations: A Field Case Study
Authors: Shang Song , Nascimento Carlos , Gomez Bustamante Nicolas , Graham John , Babatunde T. K.
Published: May 2019

High-temperature electric submersible pumps (ESPs) are the most commonly used artificial lift method in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) wells. While conceptually the SAGD process should provide a low-viscosity single-phase flow to the ESP system, changing pressures and temperatures associated with well drawdown create opportunities for introduction of free gas, water vapor, or both, resulting in multiphase flow regimes. This can often lead to wellbore flow instability and ESP performance deterioration.

An innovative approach to understanding ESP performance in multiphase flow conditions in SAGD production wells was developed by Shang, S. and Gomez-Bustamante, N. (2017), using well-specific fluid PVT characteristics to create the produced mixture's phase envelope. This analytical approach is able to identify phase boundaries, determine gas-water vapor volume fraction (GWVF), and predict flow regimes as a function of surface and downhole flowing measurements.

In this case study, the authors extend the modeling work done by Shang, S. and Gomez-Bustamante, N. (2017) with the objectives of constructing a wellbore model that includes the complex downhole completion, conducting transient analysis of the entire wellbore, analyzing slugging characteristics both upstream and downstream of the ESP, and ultimately providing operational recommendations to maximize well drawdown while maintaining wellbore stability.
Piloting a Cohelical-Axial Multiphase ESP Design in a Sandstone Reservoir Where Rod Pumping Failed
Authors: Dunn Patrick , Harris Dennis
Published: May 2019

Many McKittrick California wellbores are mature with a long reserve life. Original slotted liner gravel pack completions have eroded over time to pose a production threat. Sand enters the rod pumps and sticks the plungers. Additionally, conventional rod pumps on deep wells suffer more frequent rod parting events due to deviation and rod stretch, and CO2-mediated corrosion accelerates rod and tubing wear failures. The result is that rod pumps on this field's 3000+ feet deep, light oil sandstone wells have very poor reliability and require costly rig interventions to service. Enter the Cohelical-Axial Multiphase Pump (CHAMP) for ESP solution - a multiphase pump design to handle sand issues most centrifugal pumps cannot. Developed with assistance from Chevron Energy Technology Company through a joint industry project (JIP), the CHAMP-ESP is versatile to move high rate fluids with high sand/high gas/high viscosity content. This paper examines a case-study application to highlight the technical and economic challenges to keep these problematic old wells actively producing with the CHAMP-ESP concept. CHAMP and CHAMP-ESP are not trademarked names but rather acronyms created by the authors to facilitate understanding of the pump type and ESP system.
Formation of saponite by hydrothermal alteration of metal oxides: Implication for the rarity of hydrotalcite
Authors: Tao Qi , Zeng Qingjin , Chen Manyou , He Hongping , Komarneni Sridhar
Published: May 2019

Conversion of hydrotalcite (Ht) to saponite was observed by hydrothermal alkaline alteration of metal oxides. The conversion was through a pathway of hydration-dissolution-precipitation. It involved several critical steps, including the construction of Ht from metal oxides, dissolution of Al3+ from Ht, condensation of metasilicate anions with Ht, and finally crystallization of saponite. The condensation was favored by relatively low Mg/Al ratios of Ht, along with high concentrations of Al3+ and silicate oligomers in the environment, resulting in highly crystalline saponite. The latter conversion was greatly accelerated by the isomorphous substitution of Al3+ for Si4+ in silicate oligomers. The substitution generated the extra negative charge and led to the aforementioned condensation with Ht surface, thereby promoting the formation of saponite TOT layers. During the process, CO2 is an indispensable component. Initially intercalated as CO32− to form Ht, CO2 was subsequently eliminated from the solid phase, and saponite formed when the layer charge was reversed. Thus, this study presents a novel formation mechanism of saponite from metal oxides via hydrotalcite and contributes to a better understanding of the crystallization, chemical stability, and transformation of Ht to saponite. The results are also relevant to evaluating metal availability and carbon cycling on the surface of the Earth.
The Relationship of Nurse’s Workload and Caring in Internal Disease Ward and Surgery Ward in Regional Public Hospital
Authors: Ramadhan Gilang , Mahfud Mahfud , Zulpahiyana Zulpahiyana
Published: May 2019

Background: Caring is the efforts conducted by nurses to be close with the client to provide appropriate interventions in accordance with the problems experienced. One that causes bad nurses' caring behaviors is their workload that is not balanced. Workload is all activities undertaken by nurses during their duties in a nursing unit. Research Objective: To find out the correlation between workload and nurses' caring behaviors in internal disease ward and surgical ward of Dr. Tjitrowardojo Regional Public Hospital, Purworejo. Research Method: This research was a quantitative research using cross sectional design. The population in this study were all nurses working in Internal Disease Ward and Surgical Ward of Dr. Tjitrowardojo Regional Public Hospital, Purworejo. The total sample was 65 using total sampling technique. The research instruments for workload was using NASA-TLX questionnaire and for nurses' caring behaviors was using a questionnaire. The data processing was using Kendall's tau statistical test. Research Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents with a high workload implemented caring behaviors in the category of enough by 19 respondents (29.2%), while the respondents with very high workload implemented caring behaviors in the category of less by 9 respondents (13.8%). The Kendall's tau analysis showed the results of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) and r = -0.618, meaning that there was a correlation between workload and nurses' caring behaviors in internal disease ward and surgical ward of Dr. Tjitrowardojo Regional Public Hospital, Purworejo with strong correlation and negative correlation, meaning that the higher the workload, then the lower the caring behaviors. Conclusion: There was a correlation between workload and nurses' caring behaviors in internal disease ward and surgical ward of Dr. Tjitrowardojo Regional Public Hospital, Purworejo
Factors Affecting The Primigravida Anxiety During The 3rd Trimester of Pregnancy Regarding The Upcoming Labor
Authors: Aryani Farida
Published: May 2019

Pregnant women who experience anxiety experience an emotional reaction associated with the mother's concerns with the well-being of her self and her fetus, the sustainability of pregnancy, childbirth and when it plays a mother. This study aims to determine the factors affecting the primigravida anxiety of the 3rd trimester. The type of the research was quantitative with analytic observational method and with cross sectional design. The results show that the factors related to primigravic anxiety of third trimester were physical exercise in the form of pregnancy exercise with p value 0,000 (p <0,05), while maternal age, occupation, education level, and husband support had no effect on primagravida anxiety of the 3rd trimester where p value> 0.05. Conclusion: the factors associated with primigravida anxiety of the 3rd semester is a physical exercise in the form of pregnancy exercise
Aspectos espaciales de la creatividad y la innovación
Authors: Morlà Folch Teresa , Brunet Icart Ignasi
Published: May 2019

Los objetivos del presente artículo son exponer las referencias históricas de las que emerge el concepto de ciudades creativas, describir el impacto de estas ciudades en el fortalecimiento del elemento financiero en la denominada economía posfordista y situar el papel que tienen en el capitalismo global corporativo. De tal modo que el artículo expone los antecedentes teóricos del concepto de ciudades creativas, que se enmarcan dentro de lo que la geografía económica denomina como sistemas regionales de innovación (SRI). Los resultados destacan la importancia de los aspectos espaciales de la creatividad y la innovación en el marco económico actual.
Conflictos ambientales y sus efectos en calidad de vida en una región occidental de México
Authors: García Jiménez Carlos Ignacio , Vargas Rodriguez Yalma Luisa , Quiroz Caro Brenda Yarely
Published: May 2019

En esta investigación se abordan las percepciones acerca de conflictos ambientales en Talpa de Allende, Jalisco. En este municipio, recientemente, se estableció un Área Natural Protegida y se declaró la cabecera municipal como Pueblo Mágico. A través de una encuesta y análisis de regresión se encontró que los conflictos ambientales más destacados de la región fueron el empobrecimiento de los suelos, el deterioro de calidad del aire, del agua de ríos y riachuelos y la tala excesiva de árboles. Sin embargo, sólo al intensificarse la escasez de agua y al bajar la frecuencia de lluvias se logró identificar una disminución estadísticamente significativa en la calidad de vida percibida.
Habilidades laborales y desempeño regional en México
Authors: Rosas Beatriz , Kato-Vidal Enrique Leonardo
Published: May 2019

Las habilidades laborales y la especialización productiva pueden crear una dinámica económica favorable. A nivel subnacional, pueden observarse distintas dinámicas de crecimiento provocadas por una causación circular acumulativa;. pPara estimar la relación entre la reconfiguración de las habilidades laborales, la migración laboral y el desempeño regional, se utilizaóron el censo de población y la encuesta de empleo de México. Se encontró que (1) la migración laboral hacia las entidades con aglomeraciones promovía una mayor creación de empleos y (2) que las regiones expulsoras de población registraban una menor creación de empleo, principalmente, en empleos altamente calificados.
La Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México: arreglos formales y fragmentación
Authors: Espejel Mena Jaime
Published: May 2019

Desde la década de los ochenta, la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (ZMVM) se ha orientado por los arreglos formales del gobierno federal y por la fragmentación de sus ámbitos de gobierno. La presente investigación evalúa el desempeño institucional y la influencia de los gobiernos municipales para orientar su proceso urbano. Se concluye que la ordenación urbana que vive la ZMVM no es resultado directo de la acción de los gobiernos locales y que la fragmentación de sus ámbitos de gobierno se resuelve con la presencia de un partido político hegemónico y con una coalición electoral.
ANTI-CANCER POTENTIAL OF POLYSACCHARIDE ISOLATED FROM METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA STEM BARK
Authors: LUDAS ANTONY , INDU SABAPATHY , HINDUJA SEKAR , NIRMALA ANTHONISAMY KUMARI , RAJALAKSHMI MANIKKAM
Published: May 2019

Objective: The exploration of the anticancer potential of polysaccharide isolated from the methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (T. cordifolia) stem bark against breast cancer in DMBA-induced female albino Wistar rat models were examined by various hematological parameters.

Methods: Analysis of Red blood cell (RBC), White blood cell (WBC) and platelet level, Tumor markers Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA) and Cancer Antigen 15.3 (CA 15.3) in the serum, was done in the normal, cancer and compound treated rats using specific kits. Histological studies were performed to examine the changes in the tissue morphology and cell patterns in breast tissue.

Results: The decreased levels of RBC, WBC and platelets in 7,12-Dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer (Group III) animals were revived to the normal conditions in polysaccharide treated breast cancer (Group IV) animals as that of normal (Group I). The level of tumor markers CEA and CA 15.3, was found elevated in serum of DMBA-induced breast cancer groups (Group III) when compared to their levels in the normal groups (Group I) whereas polysaccharide treatment (Group IV) prevented this rise in the levels of tumor markers. The histological studies on the breast tissue samples of all the groups showed the appropriate features where the normal (Group I) animals were characterized with normal cells uniformly arranged without any change in orientation and morphology, DMBA-induced cancer (Group III) animals showed an improper orientation of cells arranged as glandular structures, as nest, or cords of various sizes or as solid sheets foci of necrosis in some areas with margins infiltrating, pushing, circumcised or mixed and the polysaccharide treated (Group IV) animals showed results resembling that of the normal (Group I) animals.

Conclusion: Thus, polysaccharide is proved as an effective chemo preventive agent against breast cancer.
THE PATENTED DRUGS UTILIZATION: A STUDY AT NGUYEN DINH CHIEU HOSPITAL IN BEN TRE PROVINCE FROM 2011 TO 2017
Authors: THANH-TUYEN CU , NGOC-VAN TRAN-THI , KIM-LOAN DANG , NHAC-VU HOANG-THY
Published: May 2019

Objective: With their new and efficacious active ingredients, patented drugs have important roles in offering high-quality healthcare. However, huge cost-related barriers in accessing patented drugs along with the availability of low-cost bioequivalent generics have great impact on drugs policy in Vietnam. To understand situation of patented drugs utilization at hospitals for a certain period, this pilot study was conducted at Nguyen-Dinh-Chieu Hospital in Ben-Tre Province.
Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on the retrospective data of all patented drugs used at Nguyen-Dinh-Chieu Hospital in Ben-Tre Province from 2011-2017. Characteristics of drugs utilization were described by frequency and percentage of drugs quantities and costs. Criteria for the description were as follows: active ingredient, route of administration, therapeutic class and manufacturing country. Data were extracted from the hospital information system and were processed by R software.
Results: From 2011 to 2017, there were 212 patented drugs used which related to 145 active ingredients and 20 therapeutic classes. 88% were single active ingredient drugs and 49% were oral drugs. Antimicrobial and cardiovascular drugs represented the largest number of drugs and the highest cost. 79% of patented drugs were manufactured by companies in Europe and the majority came from France and Germany.
Conclusion: This study provided initial information about the utilization of patented drugs during a long period of time at a Vietnamese hospital. The understanding gained will aid medical managers in assessment and adjustment of the drugs list, thus, optimizing the hospital budget and the equity in access to drugs within communities.
THE INFLUENCE OF AERATED DRINKS ON THE BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE OF YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Shetty Somashekar , DASS NITHYA ANTHONY
Published: May 2019

Objective: To study the relationship of aerated drink (soft drink) consumption on the blood pressure and heart rate of student population.

Methods: 50 medical students (25 male and 25 female) volunteered to participate in this study. The blood pressure and heart rate of the student was taken and recorded as initial blood pressure (pre-test, control). The student was then given 250 ml of aerated drink. After 20 min* the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate of the student was taken once again (post-test) and the reading was recorded.

Results: The statistical analysis suggest that, there was 0.88±0.10 mm/Hg increase in the mean arterial pressure, subsequent to the consumption of the aerated drink in the male student population and 2.85±0.18 mm/Hg in the female student population. Similarly, 0.76±0.03 beats/minute increase in the heart rate in male population and 1.2±0.05 beats/minute was observed in female population.

Conclusion: In our study aerated drink have not shown a significant effect on mean arterial pressure and heart rate in both males and females. Chronic consumption may have the effect on mean arterial pressure and heart rate but random consumption may not have significant effect.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF BETULIN-3, 28-DIPHOSPHATE WATER-SOLUBILITY BY COMPLEXATION WITH AMINES–MEGLUMINE AND XYMEDON
Authors: Melnikova Nina , Malygina Darina , Panteleev Dmitry , Vorobyova Olga , Solovyeva Anna , Belyaeva Kseniya , Klabukova Irina
Published: May 2019

Objective: To study betulin-3,28-diphosphate (BDP) water solubility improved by forming salt complexes with hydrophilic amino alcohols: meglumine as acidosis corrector and xymedon as the water-soluble antioxidant.

Methods: We used 13C-, 31P-NMR, UV-spectroscopy and potentiometric titration to study the BDP-amine salt complexes formation and their solubility using HPLC-analysis.

Results: The participation of xymedon in the proton transfer reaction with BDP in aqueous solutions was confirmed by the bathochromic shift of the carbonyl band from 299.1 nm to 304.2 nm, and by a hyperchromic effect (molar extinction ε from 8508 to 10 441 l·mol-1·cm-1) in UV-spectra. BDP complexation with meglumine was estimated by UV-spectral molar ratio method at 256 nm. Molar ratio of BDP-amine complexes (1:4) was proved by 31P-NMR. The chemical shift of phosphorus at C-3 atom of BDP (δ =-0.58 ppm) changed to+3.39 ppm, and at C-28 atom (δ =+0.28 ppm)–to+4.60 ppm. BDP solubility increased 100-600 fold according to HPLC-analysis.

Conclusion: BDP interaction with amine in an aqueous solution was shown to proceed via a proton transfer due to relatively weak forces such as London forces, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. In general, the formation of BDP salt complexes with amines in solution determines BDP water solubility. Water-soluble BDP enables to develop hydrophilic dosage forms.
Analisis Kinerja Guru dengan Metode Rough Set (Studi Kasus di SMA Pondok Pesantren Modern Nurul Ikhlas)
Authors: Aditama Handika
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kinerja guru pada Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Pondok Pesantren Modern Nurul Ikhlas. Pada penelitian ini digunakan pendekatan data mining dengan metode rough set. Metode rough set merupakan salah satu algoritma yang terdapat pada data mining yang bertujuan untuk menemukan suatu pengetahuan baru. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan suatu bentuk pengetahuan baru berupa prestasi guru. Penelitian ini sangat bermanfaat bagi pihak yayasan untuk menentukan guru terbaik.

 
Differential Interpretations and Earnings Quality
Authors: Abdel-Meguid Ahmed M. , Fernando Guy D. , Schneible Richard A. , Suh SangHyun
Published: May 2019

SYNOPSIS

We investigate the association between earnings quality and investor disagreement regarding the valuation consequences of earnings announcements. A primary purpose of financial reporting, including periodic earnings releases, is to convey useful information to investors. However, earnings may be of low quality due to an inherent failure in the accounting process to accurately represent the economic entity, unintentional errors, or intentional manipulation on the part of management. We argue that low-quality earnings will be associated with more divergent opinions regarding the implication of the earnings signal (i.e., differential interpretations) and, thus, be reflected in their trading activity. We use two abnormal accrual measures and an earnings persistence measure as proxies for earnings quality. We proxy for differential interpretations using abnormal trading volume unrelated to returns and analyst forecast jumbling. Our results show that low earnings quality is associated with more differential interpretations of earnings announcements measures.
¿Qué es WONCA?
Authors: Cabezas Carmen Elena
Published: May 2019

Sabían que WONCA es  World Organization of Family Doctors y es el nombre corto de la World Organization of National Colleges, Academies (WONCA) and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians, es la organización internacional que reúne las universidades, academias y asociaciones interesadas en la práctica de la medicina general (o de familia). La WONCA fue fundada en 1972 con 18 miembros, en la actualidad cuenta con más de 120 organizaciones de 131 países. La WONCA es una organización afiliada a la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS).
Editorial
Authors: Herrera Diego
Published: May 2019

En el Ecuador se producen periódicamente terremotos desde que se tiene memoria, el de mayor magnitud fue en 1797, tuvo una magnitud de 8,3, y provoco la destrucción total de Riobamba,  con daños en todo el centro del país. Desde que funciona el Instituto Geofísico se han registrado más de 20 terremotos en los últimos 100 años, el último fue en abril del 2016 sismo de 7. 8 de magnitud,  que afecto las provincias de Manabí y Esmeraldas
Mental Healthcare in Rural Latin America
Authors: Epstein Jody
Published: May 2019

The goal of this article is to provide an overview of epidemiology of mental health disorders in Latin America, discuss unique issues in mental health faced by rural Latin American communities, summarize the history of Latin American healthcare systems, and describe current strategies to improve and innovate mental health service delivery in Latin America.
Does Debt Diversification lead to a Discount in Firm Value?
Authors: Jadiyappa Nemiraja , Saikia Namrata , Parikh Bhavik
Published: May 2019

Corporate firms access multiple sources of debt simultaneously. This study analyzes the impact of debt diversification on firm value. We argue that, when firms diversify their debt sources, the monitoring role played by debt holders decreases as a result of the free rider problem. Hence, such firms should experience a value discount in the capital markets. Our empirical analysis provides evidence for the existence of a value discount in the capital markets for firms accessing multiple sources of debt. Our results remain robust for alternative measures of debt diversification.
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT TRADISIONAL DI MASYARAKAT: STUDI PENDAHULUAN PADA MASYARAKAT DI DESA HEGARMANAH, JATINANGOR, SUMEDANG
Authors: Pratiwi Rimadani , Saputri Febrina Amelia , Nuwarda Rina Fajri
Published: May 2019

Banyak masyarakat yang menggunakan obat tradisional baik untuk pengobatan maupun perawatan. Secara umum, obat tradisional yang dikenal masyarakat adalah jamu. Dalam perkembangannya, ada produsen yang menambahkan bahan kimia obat (BKO) ke dalam jamu. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai studi pendahuluan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan penggunaan obat tradisional di masyarakat. Data diperoleh dari 34 responden dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa 88,2% masyarakat mengenal jamu, 29,4% mengetahui obat herbal terstandar dan hanya 3% yang mengetahui fitofarmaka. Walaupun mayoritas masyarakat mengenal jamu, hanya 17,6% yang mengetahui kalo ada jamu yang ditambahkan BKO. Hasil ini dapat berkorelasi dengan dengan tingkat penggunaan obat tradisional di masyarakat, karena hanya 20,5% yang mengkonsumsi jamu. Hasil studi pendahuluan ini menunjukkan bahwa perlunya pemerataan dan penyampaian informasi secara langsung kepada masyarakat agar masyarakat dapat lebih memahami dan berhati-hati. Kata kunci: obat tradisional, jamu, bahan kimia obat, kuisioner
PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS TOKOH MASYARAKAT DALAM PERENCANAAN PARTISIPATIF PEMBANGUNAN DESA KONDANGJAJAR, KECAMATAN CIJULANG, KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN
Authors: Darwis Rudi Saprudin , Zulfan Ipit
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAKPartisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan desa tidak hanya dilakukan pada tahap pelaksanaannya saja namun perlu dimulai sejak perencanaan pembangunan dilakukan. Kapasitas tokoh masyarakat selaku aktor yang menjadi representasi dari warga masyarakat akan menentukan kontribusi mereka dalam merumuskan rencana pembangunan. Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan hasil dari kajian peningkatan kapasitas tokoh masyarakat dalam perencanaan partisipatif pembangunan desa. Kajian dilakukan di Desa Kondangjajar, Kecamatan Cijulang, Kabupaten Pangandaran melalui kegiatan pelatihan yang dihadiri oleh para tokoh masyarakat dari kalangan aparat desa, ketua RW, kepala dusun, anggota BPD, serta dari masyarakat umum. Aspek-aspek kapasitas aktor dikaji berdasarkan unsur-unsur dari prinsip-prinsip dalam pelaksanaan perencanaan partisipatif yaitu: kedekatan, kesetaraan, komitmen, kejujuran, objektivitas, dan lokalitas masalah. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa pada unsur kedekatan masih ada keraguan terhadap pemikiran orang lain. Meskipun sikap menghargai orang lain bisa ditunjukkan, namun dalam proses diskusi masih terjadi upaya mendominasi pihak lain. Para tokoh dapat menerima keputusan kolektif dengan disertai keterbukaan akan sikap pribadinya. Dalam melihat realitas, para tokoh masih cenderung subjektif sesuai kepentingannya, meskipun mereka sudah dapat membatasi masalah pada tingkat lokal.
PEMANFAATAN PEKARANGAN RUMAH SEBAGAI PENYEDIA PROTEIN HEWANI MELALUI BUDIDAYA LELE KOLAM TERPAL DI DESA CIPACING, JATINANGOR, SUMEDANG, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Zidni Irfan , Andriani Yuli , Hasan Zahidah , BSN Setiawan
Published: May 2019

Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan mengaplikasikan kegiatan perikanan bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan serta keterampilan dalam memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan rumah warga sebagai upaya penyediaan protein hewani melalui budidaya ikan pada kolam terpal. Program ini dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan sejak September hingga November 2018 bertempat di Desa Cipacing Kecamatan Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang. Metode yang dilakukan pada program ini meliputi : survei dan observasi lapangan, sosialisasi, penyuluhan, pembuatan instalasi kolam terpal, dan pedampingan. Jenis ikan air tawar yang dibudidayakan pada kolam terpal yaitu benih ikan lele ukuran 5-7 cm sebanyak 100 ekor/kolam terpal dengan jumlah total kolam terpal di Desa Cipacing sebanyak 15 buaH. Hasil survei dan observasi lapangan menunjukkan bahwa Desa Cipacing memiliki potensi lahan pekarangan yang luas yang dapat dioptimalisasikan untuk kegiatan perikanan serta memiliki sumber daya manusia yang baik untuk melakukan kegiatan perikanan. Kelompok masyarakat yang menjadi sasaran adalah para pengurus karang taruna dan pengurus RW di Desa Cipacing. Tahap pertama masyarakat diberikan penyuluhan mengenai teknik budidaya ikan lele dan pemasangan kolam terpal. Selanjutnya dilakukan pendampingan proses pemeliharaan ikan termasuk kegiatan pemberikan pakan, serta pengelolaan kualitas air secara baik dan berkelanjutan. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah masyarakat Desa Cipacing dapat memproduksi ikan lele skala berkelanjutan dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan protein hewani untuk skala rumah tangga.
Penyusunan Prototipe Performance Management System berbasis Balanced Scorecard pada PT. X
Authors: Nugroho Bintang Karismacho , - Artiawati
Published: May 2019

PT. X merupakan perusahaan yang memiliki bisnis pada bidang kuliner. Sejak didirikan hingga saat ini, PT. X belum pernah mencapai target secara sempurna. Pimpinan PT. X merasa hal tersebut disebabkan karena faktor internal dan faktor eksternal perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, yaitu penerapan performance management system berbasis balanced scorecard, karena dapat mendukung peningkatan kinerja perusahaan melalui pengelolaan sumber daya manusia dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi internal dan eksternal perusahaan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan intervensi berupa rancangan performance management system berbasis balanced scorecard yang paling sesuai dengan PT. X untuk meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan melalui pengelolaan sumber daya manusia. Metode penelitian ini adalah research & development. Hasil rancangan intervensi yang telah dirumuskan berupa performance management system pada tahap prerequisites (rumusan harapan pimpinan dan skema arahan strategi, balanced scorecard (objective).Hasil evaluasi terhadap rancangan intervensi, yaitu secara keseluruhan para rater menilai rancangan intervensi yang dirumuskan telah tepat dalam mengatasi permasalahan yang dihadapi, namun pada beberapa hal kurang aplikatif jika saat ini langsung diterapkan di perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa rancangan intervensi yang telah dirumuskan ini dapat diterima oleh pihak ahli dan user, meskipun terdapat beberapa catatan yang membangun untuk menyempurnakan rancangan intervensi yang telah dirumuskan. Saran yang dapat diberikan berdasarkan penelitian ini, yaitu penelitian selanjutnya harus tetap mengacu pada konsep performance management system tahap prerequisites yang telah dirumuskan, agar pengembangan tetap terintegrasi dengan arah, tujuan, dan strategi perusahaan, serta PT. X juga perlu melakukan pilot test untuk menguji keefektifan rancangan intervensi yang telah dirumuskan.
REPRESENTASI PERUBAHAN SOSIAL DALAM DESAIN KAUS OBLONG BANYUMASAN
Authors: Dadan Sulyana
Published: May 2019

Kaus oblong Banyumasan sering menampilkan situasi dan isu aktual dalam setiap desainnya, seperti persoalan pendidikan, politik, budaya dan dinamika sosial kemasyarakatan yang terjadi di Banyumas. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana representasi perubahan sosial yang dapat terbaca dalam desain kaus oblong Banyumasan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan semiotik dari Rolland Barthes. Data penelitian berupa desain kaus oblong Banyumasan merk Dablongan Clothing. Data tersebut dianalisis melalui dua tahap penafsiran, dimana penafsiran makna tataran pertama selanjutnya dijadikan pijakan dalam menafsirkan makna tataran kedua. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, bahwa sebagian besar desain kaus oblong Banyumasan merupakan representasi sekaligus kritik terhadap perubahan sosial di Banyumas. Perubahan sosial yang dimaksud antara lain tentang penataan kota yang tidak humanis; perubahan masyarakat agrarais menjadi kota industri; dan gaya hidup masyarakat Banyumas yang adaptif terhadap modernitas dalam hal konsumsi makanan-makanan bergaya barat.