bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamical and hydrological changes in climate simulations of the last millennium
Authors: Roldán-Gómez Pedro José , González-Rouco Jesús Fidel , Melo-Aguilar Camilo , Smerdon Jason E.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Simulations of last millennium (LM) climate show that external forcing had a major contribution to the evolution of temperatures; warmer and colder periods like the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; ca. 950–1250 CE) and the Little Ice Age (LIA; ca. 1450–1850 CE) were critically influenced by changes in solar and volcanic activity. Even if this influence is mainly observed in terms of temperatures, evidence from simulations and reconstructions show that other variables related to atmospheric dynamics and hydroclimate also were influenced by external forcing over some regions. In this work, simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5/Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP5/PMIP3) are analyzed to explore the influence of external forcings on the dynamical and hydrological changes during the LM at different spatial and temporal scales. Principal Component (PC) analysis is used to obtain the modes of variability governing the global evolution of climate and to assess their correlation with the total external forcing at multidecadal to multicentennial timescales. For shorter timescales, a composite analysis is used to address the response to specific events of external forcing like volcanic eruptions. The results show coordinated long-term changes in global circulation patterns, which suggest expansions and contractions of the Hadley Cells and latitudinal displacements of Westerlies in response to external forcing. For hydroclimate, spatial patterns of drier and wetter conditions in areas influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Northern Annular Mode (NAM) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and alterations in the intensity and distribution of monsoons and convergence zones are consistently found. Similarly, a clear short-term response is found in the years following volcanic eruptions. Although external forcing has a larger influence on temperatures, the results suggest that dynamical and hydrological variations over the LM exhibit a direct response to external forcing both at long and short timescales that is highly dependent on the particular simulation and model.
Development of 3D Variational Assimilation System Based on GRAPES-CUACE Adjoint Model (GRAPES-CUACE-3D-Var V1.0) and Its Application in Emission Inversion
Authors: Wang Chao , An Xingqin , Hou Qing , Sun Zhaobin , Li Yanjun , Li Jiangtao
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The adjoint method is known for its efficient calculation of sensitive information. After decades of development, assimilation technology based on adjoint method has gradually become an important tool for emission inversion. On the basis of GRAPES-CUACE aerosol adjoint model, and combined with the optimization algorithm and pollutants observations, the GRAPES-CUACE 3D variational (GRAPES-CUACE-3D-Var) assimilation system was further developed, and was used in the inversion of BC emissions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The results show that the newly constructed GRAPES-CUACE-3D-Var assimilation system is reasonable and reliable, and can be applied to the emission inversion in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Compared to the simulations using the a priori BC emissions, the model simulations driven by the a posterior BC emissions in two inversion schemes are in better agreement with measurements. The correlation coefficient between the simulations and the observations is increased from 0.2 before the inversion to 0.7 and 0.64, respectively, and the NMSE is reduced from 0.38 to 0.22 and 0.24, respectively, and the NMB is decreased from 51.53 % to 43.37 % and 40.90 %, respectively, in the two inversion schemes. The spatial distributions of the a posterior BC emissions in the two inversion schemes are consistent with the distributions of the a priori BC emissions. The high-value areas are mainly located in the south of Beijing, Tianjin, central and southern Hebei, and northern Shandong. On the whole, the inversion scheme with a large observation ratio has better optimization effect. The observation information of the target time has a great influence on the a posterior BC emissions in a short period before the target time, and the influence decreases with the reverse time sequence.
A global eddying hindcast ocean simulation with OFES2
Authors: Sasaki Hideharu , Kida Shinichiro , Furue Ryo , Aiki Hidenori , Komori Nobumasa , Masumoto Yukio , Miyama Toru , Nonaka Masami , Sasai Yoshikazu , Taguchi Bunmei
Published: February 2020

Abstract. A quasi-global eddying ocean hindcast simulation using a new version of our model called OFES2 (Ocean General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator version 2) was conducted to overcome several issues with unrealistic properties in its previous version OFES. This paper describes the model and the simulated oceanic fields in OFES2 compared with OFES and also observed data. A sea-ice model and a tidal mixing scheme were implemented in OFES2, which was forced by a newly created surface atmospheric dataset called JRA55-do and simulated the oceanic fields from 1958 to 2016. We found several improvements in OFES2 over OFES: smaller biases in the global sea surface temperature and sea surface salinity and the water properties in the Indonesian and Arabian Seas. The time series of the Niño3.4 and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) indexes are somewhat better in OFES2 than in OFES. Unlike the previous version, OFES2 reproduces more realistic anomalous low sea surface temperatures during a positive IOD event. One possible cause for these improvements in El Niño and IOD events is the replacement of the atmospheric dataset. On the other hand, several issues remained unrealistic, such as the pathways of the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream and the unrealistic spreading of salty Mediterranean overflow. Given the worldwide use of the previous version and the improvements presented here on it, the output from OFES2 will be useful in studying various oceanic phenomena with broad spatiotemporal scales.
Estimation of joint return periods of compound precipitation-discharge extremes for small catchments
Authors: Vorobevskii Ivan , Kronenberg Rico , Bernhofer Christian
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Compound hydro-meteorological extreme events represent a simultaneous occurrence of extremes or one extreme triggering another. These events do not necessarily require extremes in any of the components, but their combination could lead to an extreme. This study brings insights on compound extremes from the watershed scale perspective by applying a multivariate distribution approach to estimate return periods of compound precipitation-discharge extremes. Main research question concerned the degree of the agreement between extremes in terms of joint return periods (JRP). Additionally, impacts of spatial generalization for copula functions (best-per-area) and outstanding extreme events were investigated and finally an attempt to correlate JRP with catchment characteristics was performed. The study was elaborated using data of small catchments from 5 to 675 km2 (with median value of 103 km2) in Saxony (Germany) interpolated on a 1 × 1 km grid. A specially designed block-maxima subset was defined to account for cases when the annual daily discharge and the annual daily precipitation maxima do not occur on the same day. 20 copulas were tested to find the one, which fits best-per-grid. Afterwards, the most frequent copula (best-per-area) was chosen to estimate JRP for compound extreme events. Additionally, a pool of the most frequent copulas for the study area was used to create an ensemble and calculate various quantiles of JRP. All chosen copulas have undergone two goodness-of-fit tests to account for the legitimacy of the approach, which result in very low percentage of rejection for both statistics. Overall, the approach shows a good agreement between precipitation-discharge extremes and a high potential for a probabilistic instead of a deterministic analysis of JRP. For the investigated catchments, compound precipitation-discharge extremes are highly correlated. Large uncertainty in the estimation of the JRP was revealed by comparing different copulas. This uncertainty increases with larger non-exceedance probability of the compound event. Few spatial patterns with either very low or high anomalies of JRP were identified. A best-per-area distribution can be detected based on a frequency analysis of the best-per-grid distributions. Nevertheless, in case of time-series shortage it could be more compelling and reliable to create an ensemble of the most frequent copulas since it allows already a probabilistic instead of a deterministic estimation of JRP. It is concluded that outstanding extreme events, which occurred in 2002 and 2013 have a significant effect on the compound extreme statistics. Finally, the catchment response seems to be largely independent of size and mean elevation of the catchment, as no clear correlations between those and the corresponding JRP were found.
Efficient screening of groundwater head monitoring data for anthropogenic effects and measurement errors
Authors: Lehr Christian , Lischeid Gunnar
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Groundwater levels are monitored by environmental agencies to support the
sustainable use of groundwater resources. For this purpose continuous and
spatially comprehensive monitoring in high spatial and temporal resolution
is desired. This leads to large datasets that have to be checked for quality
and analysed to distinguish local anthropogenic influences from natural
variability of the groundwater level dynamics at each well. Both technical
problems with the measurements as well as local anthropogenic influences can
lead to local anomalies in the hydrographs. We suggest a fast and efficient
screening method for the identification of well-specific peculiarities in
hydrographs of groundwater head monitoring networks. The only information
required is a set of time series of groundwater heads all measured at the same instants of time. For each well of the monitoring network a reference
hydrograph is calculated, describing expected “normal” behaviour at the
respective well as is typical for the monitored region. The reference
hydrograph is calculated by multiple linear regression of the observed
hydrograph with the “stable” principal components (PCs) of a principal
component analysis of all groundwater head series of the network as
predictor variables. The stable PCs are those PCs which were found in a
random subsampling procedure to be rather insensitive to the specific
selection of the analysed observation wells, i.e. complete series, and to the
specific selection of measurement dates. Hence they can be considered to be
representative for the monitored region in the respective period. The
residuals of the reference hydrograph describe local deviations from the
normal behaviour. Peculiarities in the residuals allow the data to be
checked for measurement errors and the wells with a possible anthropogenic
influence to be identified. The approach was tested with 141 groundwater
head time series from the state authority groundwater monitoring network in
northeastern Germany covering the period from 1993 to 2013 at an approximately
weekly frequency of measurement.
Local-scale variability of snow density on Arctic sea ice
Authors: King Joshua , Howell Stephen , Brady Mike , Toose Peter , Derksen Chris , Haas Christian , Beckers Justin
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Local-scale variations in snow density and layering on Arctic sea ice were characterized using a combination of traditional snow pit and SnowMicroPen (SMP) measurements. In total, 14 sites were evaluated within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Arctic Ocean on both first (FYI) and multi-year (MYI) sea ice. Sites contained multiple snow pits with coincident SMP profiles as well as unidirectional SMP transects. An existing SMP density model was recalibrated using manual density cutter measurements (n = 186) to identify best-fit parameters for the observed conditions. Cross-validation of the revised SMP model showed errors comparable to the expected baseline for manual density measurements (RMSE = 34 kg m−3 or 10.9 %) and strong retrieval skill (R2 = 0.78). The density model was then applied to SMP transect measurements to characterize variations at spatial scales of up to 100 m. A supervised classification trained on snow pit stratigraphy allowed separation of the SMP density estimates by layer-type. The resulting dataset contains 58,882 layer-classified estimates of snow density on sea ice representing 147 m of vertical variation and equivalent to more than 600 individual snow pits. An average bulk density of 310 kg m−3 was estimated with clear separation between FYI and MYI environments. Lower densities on MYI (277 kg m−3) corresponded with increased depth hoar composition (49.2 %), in strong contrast to composition of the thin FYI snowpack (19.8 %). Spatial auto-correlation analysis showed layered composition on FYI snowpack to persist over long distances while composition on MYI rapidly decorrelated at distances less than 16 m. Application of the SMP profiles to determine propagation bias in radar altimetry showed the potential errors of 0.5 cm when climatology is used over known snow density.
Large-scale integrated subglacial drainage around the former Keewatin Ice Divide, Canada reveals interaction between distributed and channelised systems
Authors: Lewington Emma L. M. , Livingstone Stephen J. , Clark Chris D. , Sole Andrew J. , Storrar Robert D.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We identify and map traces of subglacial meltwater drainage around the former Keewatin Ice Divide, Canada from ArcticDEM data. Meltwater tracks, tunnel valleys and esker splays exhibit several key similarities, including width, spacing, their association with eskers and transitions to and from different types, which together suggest they form part of an integrated drainage signature. We collectively term these features 'meltwater corridors' and propose a new model for their formation, based on observations from contemporary ice masses, of pressure fluctuations surrounding a central conduit. We suggest that eskers record the imprint of a central conduit and meltwater corridors the interaction with the surrounding distributed drainage system. The widespread aerial coverage of meltwater corridors (5–36 % of the bed) provides constraints on the extent of basal uncoupling induced by basal water pressure fluctuations and variations in spatial distribution and evolution of the subglacial drainage system, which will modulate the ice dynamic response.
Precariedad y exilio en la juventud española actual. Discursos y semblanzas periodísticas de la crisis. 2008-2016
Authors: Angulo Egea María
Published: February 2020

La crisis económica iniciada en 2008 ha potenciado la vulnerabilidad de ciertos grupos sociales como los jóvenes. Los efectos de la crisis se han cebado en una juventud española que padece los peores parámetros sociales de la Unión Europea. Jóvenes con el mejor nivel de estudios de la historia de España pero que se encuentran precarizados y abocados al exilio. Jóvenes con una clara falta de perspectivas y frustración, que ven imposible acceder a algo medianamente relacionado con aquello para lo que se formaron.

Este artículo atiente a las circunstancias socioculturales que envuelven el discurso sobre la juventud española emigrante durante la crisis de 2008. Se trata de comprender el imaginario que se ha volcado sobre estos jóvenes exiliados con estudios superiores desde los medios de comunicación. Se presentan las narrativas que rodean a la juventud y en concreto se analizan dos relatos autobiográficos de jóvenes periodistas emigrantes, sus “historias de vida”, para determinar los parámetros del discurso y el perfil de las semblanzas de estos jóvenes precarios exiliados.
Las elecciones presidenciales del 2018 en Colombia: análisis del cubrimiento noticioso de los noticieros de Caracol y RCN
Authors: Cárdenas Ruiz Juan David
Published: February 2020

Las elecciones del 2018 en Colombia se dieron en medio de un proceso de transición política en el marco del posconflicto donde estaba en juego la continuidad de los acuerdos de paz y la tensión por nuevas agendas temáticas. Esto implicó un escenario de incertidumbre que no fue ajeno a los medios de comunicación e incidió en la forma en como cubrieron el proceso electoral. Este articulo muestra los resultados del análisis realizado a 586 noticias de Caracol Noticias y Noticias RCN por parte del Observatorio de Medios de la Universidad de la Sabana en alianza con la Misión de Observación Electoral. El análisis evidencia una transformación en la agenda temática, la persistencia de la polarización, el desequilibrio de género y la coexistencia de prácticas periodísticas tradicionales y nuevas, en medio del escenario de incertidumbre política que enmarco el proceso electoral.
Análisis del discurso periodístico en México ante la crisis económica mundial del 2008
Authors: Contreras Clauda Patricia , González Chávez Saira , González-Quiñones Ficel
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo analiza el discurso periodístico utilizado ante la crisis económica mundial del 2008 por los dos principales diarios de la ciudad de Chihuahua, México, en comparación con el diario El Financiero, periódico con temas de economía y finanzas de mayor influencia en el país. Para el análisis se identificó la principal condición de producción del discurso, las partes del discurso, y las operaciones discursivas utilizadas en los encabezados de las notas. En la parte cualitativa se recopilaron las opiniones de directivos financieros sobre la información de los diarios locales y las opiniones de periodistas especializados en temas de economía.
Los corresponsales de guerra chilenos en la Guerra del Pacífico (1879-1883)
Authors: Ibarra-Cifuentes Patricio
Published: February 2020

Los corresponsales enviados por los periódicos chilenos fueron el nexo entre los acontecimientos de la Guerra del Pacífico y la población lectora de sus crónicas. Gran parte de la discusión de la opinión pública chilena respecto del devenir del conflicto, se basó en la información consignada en sus escritos, pues allí encontró los detalles de la campaña descritos desde la perspectiva de la prensa. La pluma de los reporteros creó nuevos héroes para el panteón republicano y ayudó a establecer arquetipos de peruanos y bolivianos. Además, permitió a sus lectores adentrarse en la cotidianidad e intimidad del conflicto.
The publication of press releases as journalistic information. Comparative study of two Spanish newspapers
Authors: Martínez Fernández Jesús , Pozo Montero Francesc , Micó Sanz Josep Lluís
Published: February 2020

La distinción de lo que constituye un "evento noticiable" puede dar lugar a muchas interpretaciones. En este mundo de accesibilidad telemática, que es una consecuencia de la globalización, los eventos y los sucesos de todo tipo se pueden clasificar como noticias simplemente vistiéndolos como noticias. De acuerdo con los manuales de estilo y comunicación, la noticia tiene características propias: relevancia, interés social y proximidad, entre otras. Los comunicados de prensa se han perfeccionado como resultado de las agencias de relaciones públicas cada vez más sofisticadas, y con ellas la línea delgada entre la información y la publicidad ahora está borrosa. En este artículo, comparamos comunicados de prensa emitidos por empresas públicas y privadas con breves publicados en las secciones de economía de los periódicos. Como se verá, muchos de ellos coinciden y tienen algunas similitudes. La muestra utiliza breves publicados durante el primer semestre de 2014 en El Mundo y La Vanguardia, los periódicos en español de pago por lectura que ocupan un lugar destacado en el análisis del Estudio General de Medios. La metodología hace uso del programa Maple con su comando DetectPlagiarism para realizar una comparación ad hoc de los textos. El umbral de copia predeterminado para DetectPlagiarism es 0.35. Los índices de similitud entre los breves y los comunicados de prensa de La Vanguardia y El Mundo indican valores superiores a este umbral.
Ejercer la ‘nobilísima misión’ de periodista en un terreno hostil. El periodismo provinciano costarricense durante la primera mitad del siglo XX (1900-1950)
Authors: Quesada Rivera Eugenio
Published: February 2020

A inicios del siglo XX, Costa Rica recogía los frutos de la Reforma Educativa emprendida por los liberales en 1886, gracias a la cual pudo incrementarse el número de lectores y, con ello, la cantidad de periódicos en todo el país. El objetivo del artículo es analizar las publicaciones periódicas que vieron la luz pública fuera de San José entre 1900 y 1950. Se plantean las siguientes preguntas: ¿Por qué aparecen y desaparecen las cabeceras provincianas? ¿Cuáles son las principales características de estos impresos? ¿Cómo es el proceso de producción de un periódico de provincia? ¿Cómo se distribuyen las publicaciones periódicas concebidas en la periferia?
“The Kinematograph View of Life”: Cinema, Fiction & Periodicals in Britain, 1910–20
Authors: Cranfield Jonathan
Published: February 2020

This article examines the depiction of cinemas and film culture in mainstream literary periodicals between 1910 and 1920. It focuses on the role played by illustrated magazines (Quiver, the Pall Mall Magazine and the Strand) in legitimizing film as an art form and countering accusations of immorality from anti-cinema activists. It also looks at the role played by early cinema fiction within this discourse. The final section explores the changes to authorship wrought by the globalization of cinema and the periodical press during and immediately after the First World War.
Wyndham Lewis, Cicely Hamilton, and Nazi Germany in Time and Tide
Authors: Einhaus Ann-Marie
Published: February 2020

This article scrutinizes the contributions of Wyndham Lewis and Cicely Hamilton to coverage of Germany in the weekly review Time and Tide leading up to and following the National Socialist parliamentary election victory in September 1930. The magazine’s coverage of this crucial period in German interwar politics is used as a lens to explore its wider attitudes towards internationalism between the wars. Reading Lewis’s and Hamilton’s contributions against each other sheds new light on the crucial role played by Time and Tide in negotiating its readers’ course through the fraught political and cultural landscape of interwar Europe.
Periodical Insurrections: Revival, Modernism, and the Irish Review
Authors: Bruna Giulia
Published: February 2020

Known for having among its editors revolutionaries who died in the 1916 Easter Rising and for combining militant Manifestos of the Irish Volunteers with revivalist literary work, The Irish Review (1911–14) also engaged with wider modernist movements and trends. Building on recent criticism on the periodical, on scholarship about Revival and modernist print cultures, and on archival material (editors’ letters, business correspondence, and ephemera), this essay illuminates the Review’s transnational and transatlantic connections with contemporaneous literary periodicals in Ireland, Europe, and the USA. By analyzing its significant modernist content, the essay will also examine the Review’s approach to modernist poetics.
Rising and Falling on the Price of Paper: The Story ofMandrake
Authors: Falcetta Jennie-Rebecca
Published: February 2020

Founded at Oxford by John Wain, Mandrake (1945–1956) aspired to be more than an undergraduate poetry magazine. Under the capable hands of subsequent editor Arthur Boyars, the journal raised its profile. However, despite a double issue focusing on Italian Arts, early poems by Kingsley Amis and Philip Larkin, and committed intellectual engagement with postwar letters, Mandrake has not received sustained critical attention. This article draws upon personal interviews with editor Boyars and archival material to reconstruct and retell the story of Mandrake, hoping to convey its context and its value within the field of periodical studies.
The Role of Bacteria in Environmental Geochemistry
Authors: Mills A.L.
Published: February 2020

Many of the geochemical processes occurring at earth-surface temperature and pressure are influenced by microorganisms, particularly the bacteria. Like any other living entity, the bacteria as an aggregate have a single goal, to reproduce and perpetuate their life-form. To accomplish this goal the bacteria must utilize energy and materials that can only be obtained from their surrounding environment. As the process of growth and reproduction occurs, a variety of changes occur in the environment in which the microbe lives. The chemical makeup of waters inhabited by bacteria is altered, and any equilibrium reactions taking place in that water or between that water and associated solid phases may cause a shift in the chemical composition of aqueous- or solid-phase materials. Some materials, such as oxygen, may simply be consumed by the microbes. The resultant anoxic conditions may induce concomitant changes in some redox-sensitive species of elements such as sulfur. Bacterial utilization or production of oxidized or reduced chemical species may cause further large shifts in the redox status of the local environment. Production of acidogenic or proton-consumptive species can cause radical shifts in pH in either direction, depending on the organism, the starting material, and the products formed. Indeed, the current state of the earth's surface conditions is due in large part to the action of microorganisms on the chemicals found in the environment. Photosynthetic organisms (including the cyanobacteria, which are often referred to as blue-green algae) created the oxidizing atmosphere. Many important geochemical reactions occur against thermodynamic predictions, while others occur at rates that would be considered impossible if only the abiotic reactions operated.
Laboratory Methods for the Analysis of Environmental Samples
Authors: Crock J.G. , Arbogast B.F. , Lamothe P.J.
Published: February 2020

The precise, accurate analysis of environmental materials for their total or partial elemental content is anything but a simple or routine task. There are numerous problems that must be addressed to assure a high quality analysis. The first and foremost problem to be addressed is to determine what is the question that the environmental scientist is really trying to answer and how to customize the analysis to meet that need. Is the scientist asking for a given species of an element, the amount of the analyte associated with a certain phase or fraction of the environmental sample, or would a total analysis answer the correct question? The scope of the phrase “Environmental Materials” is where the problems continue. Most naturally occurring materials and some man-made materials can fall into this classification. The concentration of an element of interest commonly ranges from one part per billion (microgram per kilogram or μg/kg) to the tens of weight percent. There are usually sampling problems in the analysis of environmental samples. These problems could include:
The Behavior of Trace Metals in Water During Natural Acid Sulfate Weathering in an Alpine Watershed
Authors: Miller W.R. , Bassett R.L. , McHugh J.B. , Ficklin W.H.
Published: February 2020

Pyrite oxidation in the upper part of Geneva Creek basin has impacted approximately 8 miles of upper Geneva Creek by natural acid drainage (NAD). The maximum concentrations of metals in stream waters for Fe, Mn, and Al are no more than 10 mg/l; Cu, Ni, and Zn are all less than 1 mg/l, and other metals are less than 0.01 mg/l. There are low-volume seeps and flows that exceed these concentrations, but their impact on stream-water chemistry of Geneva Creek is insignificant.

The study area is located in the Colorado Mineral Belt and is underlain by Proterozoic metamorphic and igneous rocks, and intruded by Tertiary felsic stocks with associated pyritic alteration. The naturally acidic waters draining the pyritic altered areas are similar in composition to some of the more familiar acid mine drainage (AMD) waters.

Oxygen-charged waters from snow and rain aggressively oxidize and dissolve pyrite, releasing H+, Fe2+, SO42-, and trace metals to the waters of the study area. Fe2+ is later oxidized forming hydrous iron oxides. The dominant source for trace metals in waters is disseminated pyrite in the pyritic-altered areas, particularly for Cu, Pb, Zn, Bi, Ag, and As.
Use of Lead Isotopes as Natural Tracers of Metal Contamination—A Case Study of the Penn Mine and Camanche Reservoir, California
Authors: Church S.E. , Alpers C.N. , Vaughn R.B. , Briggs P.H. , Slotton D.G.
Published: February 2020

Lead isotopes have been used as tracers of geologic processes in both ore-genesis and petrogenesis studies. Recently, they have found increased application in contamination studies. There are two requirements for their application in contamination studies: (1) that the isotopic signature of the contaminant is different from the rock lead in the area, and (2) that the signature of the source is known or can be determined. In this study, we examined lead isotope data for sediments from Camanche Reservoir near Stockton, California. We identified two sources of contamination in the sediments and soils of the area: one from acid-mine drainage from the Penn Mine within the drainage basin, and a second exotic lead, probably from airborne deposition from combustion of leaded gasoline in the early 1970s, found in soils.

Lead isotope data for sediments from the drowned channel of the Mokelumne River in Camanche Reservoir plot on a mixing line between the lead isotope signature of massive sulfide Cu-Zn- Pb ores from the Penn Mine and unaffected sediments derived from tributaries draining into Camanche Reservoir. The contribution of lead from the source of these metals, the Penn Mine, is diluted by sediments supplied by these tributaries. Distribution profiles for copper and zinc mimic the behavior of lead. Geochemical and lead isotope data for a sediment sample recovered from the fish hatchery at Camanche Dam following the 1989 fish kill indicate that the sediment was from the deep portion of Camanche Reservoir. The water intake from the hatchery was subsequently moved to reduce the probability of intake of sulfidic, anoxic waters and associated metal-rich sediments from deep in the reservoir. Since 1994, the water level of the reservoir has been maintained at 180 feet or more as recommended by Slotton et al. (1994) on the basis of their sediment resuspension studies. Installation of a hypolimnetic aeration system has resulted in no subsequent fish kills in the fish hatchery at Camanche Dam.
Space-Time Relationships of Some Porphyry Cu-Au, Epithermal Au, and Other Magmatic-Related Mineral Deposits in Northern Peru
Authors: Noble Donald C. , Vidal César E. , Perelló Jose , Omar Rodríguez P.
Published: February 2020

A 40Ar/39Ar age of 16.94 ± 0.34 Ma on hypogene alunite from the La Virgen sedimentary and volcanic rockhosted Au deposit and new ages of 16.06 ± 0.11 to 15.58 ± 0.12 Ma on porphyry Cu-Au deposits at Minas Conga confirm the existence of early Miocene and earliest middle Miocene mineralization in the eastern part of the Miocene metallogenic belt of northern Peru. A new K-Ar age of 15.3 ± 0.3 Ma for the Magistral porphyry-skarn Cu-Mo deposit extends the belt of known early and middle Miocene deposits southeast of La Virgen. A 40Ar/39Ar age of 20.02 ± 0.15 Ma is reported for a late intrusive phase at the Michiquillay porphyry Cu deposit.

A 40Ar/39Ar plateau age of 15.61 ± 0.12 Ma on alunite from the San Pedro Sur zone at the La Zanja epithermal Au district is consistent with the location of the district within the middle Miocene Quiruvilca-Pierina subbelt of the Miocene metallogenic belt. 40Ar/39Ar mineralization ages of 20.79 ± 0.10 and 21.78 ± 0.11 Ma have been obtained on mineral deposits of the Malvas and Huinac districts in the Cordillera Negra to the south. Together with a published age of 18.7 ± 0.6 Ma on the Churropampa Au prospect in the eastern part of the Cordillera Negra and a new Re-Os age of 18.15 ± 0.06 Ma on the Pachagón porphyry Cu-Ag prospect northeast of Trujillo, an early Miocene mineral activity in the western part of the metallogenic belt is indicated. The new ages show that clearly magmatically related mineralization was formed at the same latitudes in both the eastern and western parts of the Miocene metallogenic belt during early Miocene and earliest middle Miocene times.

The deposits of the giant Yanacocha Au district, which were formed at about 11 Ma, are younger than deposits to the west and to the east. Deposits of the Hualgayoc district to the north, which have yielded mineralization ages from 12.4 ± 0.4 to 14.4 ± 0.2 Ma, may overlap in time with those of Yanacocha. These districts, which are located within large coeval volcanic fields, could reflect a younger episode of magmatic activity of late middle Miocene age.
Umsetzung des Nagoya Protokolls in EU- und nationales Recht - Transposition of the Nagoya Protocol into EU- and National Law
Authors: Godt Christine , Susnjar Davor , Wolff Franziska
Published: February 2020

The Nagoya Protocol against biopiracy is an important achievement in international biodiversity politics. This book presents an alternative concept of how the protocol could have been better transposed into EU and member states law. In contrast to the concept of ‘due diligence’ in the EU Regulation No. 511/2014, the proposal links checking for legal acquisition of biological material to the existing use of regulations on biological material in the EU and its member states (‘piggybacking’). The merits of this are twofold. (1) The book keeps the idea alive that a different form of transposition, which is less bureaucratic and ensures more compliance, is possible. (2) In judicial terms, the study portrays the complex landscape of user regulations on biological resources. Beyond the simple individual authorisation of usage, multiform regulations exist which correspond to the structure of the modern, international network industry.
Field survey of foliage-dwelling spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Muhammad Nasir Dzulhelmi , Su Suriyanti , Sulaiman Badiozaman , Halim Madihah , Mamat Nur-Syahirah , Rosli Farah Nadiah , Rahim Faszly
Published: February 2020

Diversity of spider groups have received less research attention and there are limited published references for spiders from Peninsular Malaysia. The current survey was conducted to locate and identify foliage-dwelling spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) at five different sites in Peninsular Malaysia. Spider specimens were collected using manual search and sweep-netting between September 2012 and November 2012. A total of 92 morpho-species from 65 genera that belong to 15 families have been successfully recorded and identified. The greatest proportion of specimens captured (40%) were Foliage-runners (Clubionidae, Miturgidae, Oxyopidae, Pisauridae, Salticidae, Scytodidae, Thomisidae), followed by orb-weavers (Araniedae, Nephilidae, Tetragnathidae, Uloboridae) (36.5%), space-weavers (Pholcidae, Psechridae Theridiidae) (21.5%) and ground-dwellers (Sparassidae) (2.0%). Cluster analysis has revealed that the same habitat types share a more similar diversity composition compared to different habitat types, which indicates that spider assemblage composition was partly co-dependent on vegetation structure. However, no significant difference in spider assemblage composition was found between all the five sites which follows that these diurnal group of spiders are actually adaptable to various habitat types.
Preventing Human Trafficking in Vietnam through Economic Empowerment Programmes
Authors: Hung Tran Thanh , Hoang Le Tien
Published: February 2020

Recently, trafficking in persons is a growing global issue and has been a complicated problem in Vietnam. In Vietnam, women, men, girls and boys are trafficked and exploited in a wide range of industries and settings. Vietnam has demonstrated its commitment to preventing human trafficking, both within and without its borders by conducting several different measures. In this paper, the author intends to exam the human trafficking situation and crime prevention in Vietnam through economic empowerment programmes.
Transformation of the Forecast Assessment of Expected Credit Losses in Monitoring and Assessment of Credit Risk in Commercial Banks
Authors: Travkina Elena V. , Solnyshkova Yuliya N. , Kazankina Oksana A. , Azmanova Elena G. , Morozova Yuliya V.
Published: February 2020

The article presents the results of the systematization of issues arising in connection with the transformation of the banks forecast assessment of expected credit losses during the monitoring and evaluation of credit risk in commercial banks. Based on the data obtained on the introduction of IFRS 9 "Financial instruments" into the banking sector, it is concluded that in banking practice there is uncertainty regarding the long-term impact of credit risk, and there are significant difficulties with the use of a large amount of additional information, which creates certain difficulties in calculating future credit losses of banks. It is noted that the current use of the model of predictive assessment of expected credit losses of customers in the monitoring and evaluation of credit risk in the bank should take into account the selected collective or individual basis of assessment. The article presents a comprehensive approach to the use of the impairment model of expected losses in banking as a basic tool for modeling expected credit losses in order to form provisions for impairment with the allocation. The modification of this model will depend on the specifics of the bank's credit activities and portfolio, the types of its financial instruments, the sources of available information, as well as the IT systems used. Validation of this model will reduce the expected credit losses, reduce the amount of estimated reserves, as well as improve the efficiency of the Bank as a whole.
On Crises in Financial Markets
Authors: Popov Vladimir A.
Published: February 2020

The reasons of the financial markets collapse and methods of their forecasting are investigated in this article. A model based on hypothesis of the quantum nature of the impact of information on financial markets is given. It is shown that in information-saturated volatile financial markets, sharp price jumps are really expectedMotivation for this research is inability of traditional approach for explaining sharp price jumps during financial crises. They are unexpected according to the traditional theories. When considering the logarithm of relative price changes over the period ytk = ln(Ntk/Ntk-1) it was found that the statistical characteristics of this random value differ from the characteristics of the normal distribution. The approach, developed in this paper, explaining the possibility of sharp price jumps, seems to be more harmonious than the traditional approach.Novelty of given approach consists in considering a model based on the assumption about the quantum (discontinuous) nature of information impact on financial markets. The process of information transfer is quantum â€“ i. e. the information is transmitted in portions, multiples of a quantum of information. There are discrete information levels. When moving from one level to another, it is necessary to absorb or emit one quantum of information. Thus, the amount of information of a particular level is necessarily a multiple of the quantum of information.Methodology and methods are based on probability and differential equations. Equation with respect to logarithm of increment of pricesÂ y = ln(N(t0+Dt)/N(t0)) is thoroughly investigated. The probability density function for each information price level Pn(y) = Y2n(y), where Y(y) is called the wave function of prices. Equation with respect to Y(y) is thoroughly investigated too.There are many calculations of various probabilities and other characteristics of y (logarithm of prices increment) for different information price level. The hierarchy of information-price levels is autonomous â€“ i.e. each of them has its own separate probability characteristics, different functions of probability density distribution. The normal distribution takes place only when n=0. For all others n=1, 2, 3... the density functions are different from Gaussian.
Elecciones presidenciales EE. UU. 2020: «Happy fake year!» (I)
Authors: López-Borrull Alexandre
Published: February 2020

Apunten una fecha: el 3 de noviembre de 2020. Tal vez para algunos sea el único dato seguro: el día de las elecciones presidenciales en Estados Unidos. Y tengan paciencia, esto no ha hecho más que empezar, dado que los medios todavía están tratando el tema de forma bastante alejada. A medida que avancen las primarias, la ola irá siendo más grande y finalmente, de nuevo, volverán a ser unas elecciones globales y omnipresentes.
El franquisme català i Europa: de Munic a París
Authors: Vilanova i Vila-Abadal Francesc
Published: February 2020

Les dretes catalanes del 1936 no van ser immunes a la contaminació del discurs feixista europeu dels anys trenta del segle passat. En el context excepcional de la Guerra Civil espanyola, els elements polítics i inte?ectuals del món conservador català (dirigents polítics com Francesc Cambó, joves periodistes i escriptors com Ignasi Agustí, etc.) van assumir, de forma conscient i volguda, el discurs interpretatiu generat pels feixismes europeus: l’antisemitisme, la guerra dels imperialismes occidentals (l’anglosaxó i el francès), la legitimitat del renaixement alemany, etc. A la caiguda de París, el juny del 1940, els franquistes catalans havien arribat a un consens transversal inqüestionable: les democràcies eren els règims dèbils del passat; el present era per als règims valents i enèrgics; el futur seria un nou ordre europeu alliberat de les rèmores de la Il·lustració.
Oriol Teixell Puig. 2019. La direcció literària d’Edicions Proa a l’exili. Epistolari de Joan Puig i Ferreter
Authors: Garcia Raffi Josep-Vicent
Published: February 2020

Ressenya: Oriol Teixell Puig. 2019. La direcció literària d’Edicions Proa a l’exili. Epistolari de Joan Puig i Ferreter. Pròleg de Montserrat Corretger. Barcelona: Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat. Textos i Estudis de Cultura Catalana, 230. 310 p.
On the Nature of Public Interiority
Authors: Teston Liz
Published: February 2020

This essay explores the intersection between interiority, urbanism, and the human perception. I view interiority as a condition of the senses rather than an indoor place.  Revelations of interiority can be discovered within urban realm, in public spaces, and in intimate interior conditions. I am especially interested in “public interiority” or these cases of interiority that can be found in exterior urban places. Understanding interiority as a perceived condition grounds the built environment in phenomenology, varied human experiences,  and everyday conditions.
Herein, I begin with an ontology of interiority, which focuses on various ways of perceiving the nature of things – phenomenology, structuralism and object-oriented-ontology (OOO). From there, I will analyze a taxonomy of public interiorities including various strains of form-based, programmatic, atmospheric, and psychological public interiorities. Using real-world examples from my previous research in Bucharest, Romania, New York and [location hidden] as well as well-established examples in art and design, I will then analyze various urban experiences of interiority and the way built conditions shape experience. In this way, I will bring the interior to the city.
Slashed Interiors: Text/Space
Authors: Siddiqui Igor
Published: February 2020

This essay explores the relationship between text and space by considering the notion of writing interiors as a form of creative practice. The research focuses on the textual and spatial uses of the punctuation mark slash (/), as evidenced in a range of text-based works by Barbara Kruger, Glenn Ligon, Dom Sylvester Houédard, Anni Albers, and other artists. The first part of the essay surveys the typographic character’s varied uses in written language; the second part considers its role within artwork titles, namely how its presence shapes spatial interpretations of each artwork in question; in the third part, preceding the conclusion, the focus is on the use of the slash as a mark that is both material and graphic. The resulting interpretations support a call for a change in the conversation about the relationship between writing and interiors.
Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence
Authors: Brook Cara E , Boots Mike , Chandran Kartik , Dobson Andrew P , Drosten Christian , Graham Andrea L , Grenfell Bryan T , Müller Marcel A , Ng Melinda , Wang Lin-Fa , van Leeuwen Anieke
Published: February 2020

Bats host virulent zoonotic viruses without experiencing disease. A mechanistic understanding of the impact of bats’ virus hosting capacities, including uniquely constitutive immune pathways, on cellular-scale viral dynamics is needed to elucidate zoonotic emergence. We carried out virus infectivity assays on bat cell lines expressing induced and constitutive immune phenotypes, then developed a theoretical model of our in vitro system, which we fit to empirical data. Best fit models recapitulated expected immune phenotypes for representative cell lines, supporting robust antiviral defenses in bat cells that correlated with higher estimates for within-host viral propagation rates. In general, heightened immune responses limit pathogen-induced cellular morbidity, which can facilitate the establishment of rapidly-propagating persistent infections within-host. Rapidly-transmitting viruses that have evolved with bat immune systems will likely cause enhanced virulence following emergence into secondary hosts with immune systems that diverge from those unique to bats.
Distinct regulatory ribosomal ubiquitylation events are reversible and hierarchically organized
Authors: Garshott Danielle M , Sundaramoorthy Elayanambi , Leonard Marilyn , Bennett Eric J
Published: February 2020

Activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) or the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) pathway stimulates regulatory ribosomal ubiquitylation (RRub) on distinct 40S ribosomal proteins, yet the cellular role and fate of ubiquitylated proteins remain unclear. We demonstrate that uS10 and uS5 ubiquitylation are dependent upon eS10 or uS3 ubiquitylation, respectively, suggesting that a hierarchical relationship exists among RRub events establishing a ubiquitin code on ribosomes. We show that stress dependent RRub events diminish after initial stimuli and that demodification by deubiquitylating enzymes contributes to reduced RRub levels during stress recovery. Utilizing an optical RQC reporter we identify OTUD3 and USP21 as deubiquitylating enzymes that antagonize ZNF598-mediated 40S ubiquitylation and can limit RQC activation. Critically, cells lacking USP21 or OTUD3 have altered RQC activity and delayed eS10 deubiquitylation indicating a functional role for deubiquitylating enzymes within the RQC pathway.