bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaktualisasi Perjuangan Nahdlatul Ulama dalam Mewujudkan Kedaulatan Sumber Daya Agraria (Studi Gerakan Demokrasi Radikal pada FNKSDA)
Authors: Widayati Asri , . Suparjan
Published: May 2019

Abstract: This research is aimed to explain the reactualization of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) struggle over agrarian resources related to the emergence of Front Nahdliyyin for the Sovereignty of Natural Resources (FNKSDA) in 2013. The theoretical perspective of radical democracy movement proposed by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe this article analyzed phenomenon of NU struggle over agrarian resources. This research uses qualitative method of specific case study variation type single case study. Results of this research showed many cases of living space deprivation, inequality of natural resources ownership, and other which fall on nahdliyyin in several regions. The young members of NU which have been experiencing development did not merely criticize the government at the time, however, in a further way, they have initiated the formation of movement in post-reformation era by radicalizing political space which should be more democratic. FNKSDA does not move structurally but it moves inside of NU culturally. Nevertheless, the ‘new political and cultural identity’ represent the progressive characteristic of NU.Keywords: FNKSDA, Radical Democracy Movement, Progressive Young NahdliyyinIntisari: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan terjadinya reaktualisasi perjuangan Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) atas isu sumber daya agraria melalui kemunculan Front Nahdliyyin untuk Kedaulatan Sumber Daya Alam (FNKSDA) pada 2013. Paper ini menggunakan perspektif teori gerakan demokrasi radikal dari Ernesto Laclau dan Chantal Moufffe dengan mengkaji fenomena perjuangan NU atas sumber daya agraria. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan variasi studi kasus spesifik tipe single case study. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan banyaknya kasus perampasan ruang hidup, ketimpangan kepemilikan sumber daya alam, dan berbagai kondisi agraria lainnya yang menimpa nahdliyyin di berbagai daerah. Berbagai kondisi tersebut disikapi dalam bentuk artikulasi oleh para kaum muda NU yang ternyata telah mengalami perkembangan, yakni tidak sekadar melayangkan kritik terhadap pemerintah, khususnya Orde Baru saat itu. Namun, telah menginisiasi terbangunnya gerakan di masa pasca reformasi dengan meradikalisasi ruang politik selayaknya menuju situasi yang lebih demokratis. FNKSDA bergerak non-struktural dalam tubuh NU. Meski demikian ‘budaya dan identitas baru politiknya’ justru tampil mewakili watak progresif NU.Kata Kunci: FNKSDA, Gerakan Demokrasi Radikal, Kaum Muda NU Progresif
Rekonstruksi Pemikiran Sajogyo Tentang Kemiskinan dalam Perspektif Agraria Kritis
Authors: Mahmud Amir
Published: May 2019

Abstract: This article analyses the emergence of Sajogyo's thinking about poverty, and poverty in a critical agrarian perspective under the dominances of poverty knowledge officially and agricultural development. The study carried out through combination of textual and contextual data analysis. The results of the study shows that based on his sensitivity to agrarian background and framework, Sajogyo argues that poverty is formed by social relations inequality in the process of socio-historical and geographical area construction. The concepts/terms that used by Sajogyo regarding poverty and agrarian are not neutral but partially or entirely contains an analysis of critical agrarian perspective formation in accordance with the context. The poverty line and livelihood diversification are two simple concepts to exemplify poverty as a consequence of chronic agrarian problems in agricultural developmentKeyword: Sajogyo, critical agrarian perspectives of poverty, inequality of social relationIntisari: Tulisan ini mengkaji munculnya pemikiran Sajogyo tentang kemiskinan, dan kemiskinan dalam perspektif agraria kritis di tengah dominasi pengetahuan kemiskinan secara resmi dan pembangunan pertanian. Kajian ini mengkombinasikan analisis data secara tekstual dan kontekstual. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa dengan sensitivitas pada latar dan kerangka keagrariaan, Sajogyo berargumen bahwa kemiskinan dibentuk oleh ketimpangan relasi sosial dalam proses konstruksi sosio-historis dan wilayah geografis. Konsep/istilah yang digunakan oleh Sajogyo terkait kemiskinan dan agraria tidak bersifat netral tapi sebagian atau keseluruhan memuat analisis formasi perspektif agraria kritis sesuai dengan konteksnya. Garis kemiskinan dan nafkah ganda merupakan dua konsep sederhana untuk menunjukkan kemiskinan sebagai konsekuensi dari persoalan agraria yang kronis dalam pembangunan pertanian.Kata kunci: Sajogyo, kemiskinan perspektif agraria kritis, relasi sosial yang timpang
Failure Analysis of Pressurized Aluminum Cylinders and Its Applications to a Safer Design
Authors: Roman I. , Rittel D.
Published: May 2019

Several pressurized air containers (i.e., diving tanks) made of non-heat-treatable Al-5Mg aluminum alloy failed catastrophically. Catastrophic failure occurred when a subcritical stress corrosion crack reached a critical size. Critical crack size for unstable propagation was reached prior to wall penetration, which could have led to subsequent loss of pressure, resulting in explosion of the cylinder. It was recommended that more stress corrosion resistant alloys be used for sea diving applications. Furthermore, cylinders should have a reduced wall thickness that can be determined employing the “leak-before-break” design philosophy, developed using fracture mechanics, to eliminate the possibility of catastrophic ruptures.
Fracture of the Low Carbon Steel Tail Shaft on a Tanker Ship
Authors: Lam M.
Published: May 2019

An LNG tanker experienced a fracture of the solid tail shaft, which is a section of the main drive shaft. The tail shaft was made of a forged low-carbon steel. In spite of two ultrasonic inspections, a large defect the size of a football in the center of the shaft was missed. During heat treating following forging, it was surmised that the defect led to the propagation of an internal brittle crack, or clink. A fatigue crack propagated from this origin to the outer surface of the shaft after about a year of service. Finally a last ligament of a few square inches held the shaft together and broke, leading to the separation of the shaft. The cause of failure was fatigue crack initiation and crack growth under reverse bending cyclic stresses. There was no indication that misalignment existed because there was no indication of fretting at the bolt holes in the flange at the end of the shaft. In the case of this shaft, a solution would have been to machine the core of the shaft to remove the brittle material or to use a tubular shaft.
Corrosion Failure of a Heat Exchanger in a Marine Engine
Authors: Ibidunni A. O. , Bookwalter J. C. , Guenther D. A.
Published: May 2019

The failure of a 90-10 cupronickel heat exchanger tube resulted in flooding of the vessel and subsequently sinking it. The corrosion of the cupronickel alloy was facilitated by the high sulfur content of the seawater in which it operated. The failure modes were anodic dissolution and copper reprecipitation.
Электронные образовательные ресурсы в обучении цветоведению
Authors: Sveshnikova Taisiia Konstantinovna
Published: May 2019

The article considers the issues of design and content of modern learning electronic educational resources, lists the advantages and negative factors regarding the use of these resources in the learning process. Achievements of the advantages and minimization of the negative effects of electronic resources in the modern educational space examines the discipline "Pedagogical design", offering the tools necessary to develop effective, attractive and understandable for students of digital educational materials. Color science "for future artists-teachers.
The formation of the phonetic competence on the lessons of the Russian language in primary school
Authors: Iakubova Sharipat Magomedovna , Bolkhovskoi Aleksandr Lvovich
Published: May 2019

The authors of the article focus on the difficulties experienced by younger students in mastering the spelling norms of the Russian language. This is the inability to immediately distinguish in the consciousness of the signified and signifying, the inability to correctly determine the word stress and a number of others. The teacher should know the methods of formation of students ' concept of "phoneme" and the ability to recognize other phonetic units of the language. It is emphasized that the phonetic work should precede the graphic one, based on the development of the speech-motor apparatus. The authors present a description of some methods of formation of the phonetic competence, such as: exercises on the distinction between words as lexical units and as a "phonetic word", the correct syllabification, accent, modelling, awareness similarsocial functions.
Registration of Wheat Lines Carrying Novel Mutagenesis‐Derived Puroindoline Alleles
Authors: Martin John M. , Hogg Andrew C. , Giroux Michael J.
Published: May 2019

Grain texture is an important factor in determining milling properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Grain texture is mainly controlled by two tightly linked genes, Puroindoline a (Pina) and Puroindoline b (Pinb). The goal of this research was to further characterize and release near isolines for novel Puroindoline alleles with unique levels of grain hardness. Seed of soft white spring wheat ‘Alpowa’ was treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). The Pin genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced, after which missense mutations in both Pina and Pinb were identified. Seven novel alleles were backcrossed twice to the Alpowa parent to produce BC2F2–derived near isolines: MT363‐4 (Reg. No. GP‐1033, PI 689449), MT421‐27 (Reg. No. GP‐1034, PI 689450), MT777‐14 (Reg. No. GP‐1035, PI 689451), MT1306‐19 (Reg. No. GP‐1036, PI 689452), MT1899‐9 (Reg. No. GP‐1037, PI 689453), MT2092‐42 (Reg. No. GP‐1038, PI 689454), and MT2252‐14 (Reg. No. GP‐1039, PI 689455). One was softer than its wild type (MT2092‐42 [PINA‐R103K/PINBa]), three had intermediate hardness (51 to 54 hardness units using the single kernel characterization system) (MT363‐4 [PINA‐P35S/PINBa]; MT1306‐19 [PINA‐G47S/PINBa]; MT1899‐9 [PINAa/PINB‐D34N]), and three were hard (>65 hardness units) (MT421‐27 [PINAa/PINB‐T38I]; MT777‐14 [PINAa/PINB‐G46D]; and MT2252‐14 [PINAa/PINB‐E51K]). Kernel weight, grain protein, and test weight for the novel alleles did not differ from their wild‐type counterparts. Some of the novel alleles provide grain hardness values outside the range of naturally occurring Pin alleles, while others provide unique PIN proteins, giving haplotype diversity at these loci.
OCORRÊNCIA DE ÁCAROS EM SERINGUEIRA IRRIGADA EM CULTIVO INICIAL
Authors: Rocha Livia De Freitas , Toscano Luciana Cláudia , Martins Gustavo Luís Mamoré , Da Silva Eliamara Marques
Published: May 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de ácaros em seringueira irrigada com talhões de diferentes idades em cultivo inicial. Foi estudada a fauna de ácaros fitófagos e predadores em dois talhões de seringueira com duas idades de implantação (26 e 31 meses), localizados em Cassilândia-MS. Foram realizadas coletas quinzenais, no período de novembro de 2010 a maio de 2011. Foram estabelecidos 30 pontos por talhão, onde 10 plantas foram amostradas coletando-se dois folíolos por planta, totalizando 120 folíolos por coleta. Foi registrado o número total de ácaros encontrados em ambas as faces. No total, foram coletados 477 ácaros, sendo as famílias Tetranychidae e Tenuipalpidae com o maior número de indivíduos, 150 e 148, respectivamente. A espécie de maior ocorrência foi Tenuipalpus heveae Baker, sendo seu pico populacional em março, após a estação chuvosa. Observou-se a preferência dos ácaros pelo talhão com plantas com idade mais avançada. A ocorrência da principal espécie de ácaro-praga da cultura da seringueira (Calacarus heveae Feres) foi baixa nos períodos avaliados.
EXTRATO AQUOSO E ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE GENGIBRE INDUZEM MECANISMOS BIOQUÍMICOS DE DEFESA EM FEIJOEIRO
Authors: Costa Ana Paula , Moura Gabriela Silva , Gebauer Jéssica Tais , Franzener Gilmar
Published: May 2019

Derivados de algumas plantas medicinais apresentam potencial no controle alternativo de doenças de plantas, mas ainda há necessidade de maior compreensão sobre os mecanismos envolvidos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a indução de mecanismos bioquímicos de defesa em feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) pelo extrato aquoso (EA) e óleo essencial (OE) de gengibre (Zingiber officinale). Foram avaliadas a atividade de peroxidases e polifenoloxidases em folhas de plântulas e plantas de feijoeiro das variedades Preto Tuiuiu e Carioca Pérola. Em plântulas, avaliou-se concentrações de OE (0, 0,1, 0,5 e 1%) e EA (0, 1, 5 e 10%). Em plantas, foram avaliadas concentrações de OE (0,1% e 1%) e EA (1% e 10%) em folhas tratadas e não tratadas. Também foi avaliada a indução da fitoalexina faseolina em hipocótilos de feijoeiro. O OE e o EA promoveram indução de peroxidases com pontos de máxima entre 57 e 72 horas após o tratamento. Somente o OE promoveu indução de polifenoloxidases. Não foi observado efeito sistêmico em plantas de feijoeiro, mas em hipocótilos houve efeito linear na indução de faseolina. Houve efeito diferencial entre as variedades de feijoeiro utilizadas para alguns atributos avaliados. Os resultados indicam efeito indutor de mecanismos bioquímicos de defesa em feijoeiro pelo OE e EA de gengibre.
Effect of salicylic acid on some physiological parameters in micropropagated Bac Kan local alpinia (Alpinia coriandriodora D. Fang) under drought condition
Authors: Cao Bang Phi , Vu Duong Xuan , Dang Luong Trong
Published: May 2019

In this work, some physiological parameters of micropropagated Bac Kan local alpinia (Alpinia coriandriodora D. Fang) affected by drought and salicylic acid treatments under drought condition were analyzed. In comparison to well watered plants, the droughted plants have lower contents of relative water, photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanins in leaves and Fv/Fm ratio. In constrat, proline content and activity of both catalase and peroxidase are higher in droughted plants. SA treatments, 10 M in particular, attenuate damages in droughted alpinia plants by affecting on some physiological parameters. An increase in content of relative water, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), and anthocyanins were observed in leaves of treated plants in comparison to non-treated plants under drought condition. Fv/Fm ratio and peroxidase activity are higher in 10 M SA-treated plants than non-treated ones. Both 10 M and 100 M SA treatments lead to a decrease in proline accumulation and catalase activity in leaves of droughted plants.
ПРОЕКТНО-КОНСТРУКТОРСЬКІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЛАНЕРУ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО ПАСАЖИРСЬКОГО ЛІТАКА
Authors: Донець Олександр Дмитрович , Двейрін Олександр Захарович , Василевський Євген Тимофійович , Філь Сергій Андрійович , Гребеніков Олександр Григорович , Гуменний Андрій Михайлович
Published: May 2019

The design features of the regional passenger aircraft airframe, which were introduced at the stages of developing the An-148/An-158 aircraft family, are described. The design and construction works on the airframe, which were aimed at the implementation of the airframe design concept, based on the principle of a safely damaged structure, are given. The An-148/An-158 airplanes were designed using modern computer-aided design systems. The work performed provides aeroelastic stability for all configurations and all design conditions. When creating a family of regional passenger airplanes, a number of new design and technological solutions were applied to the airframe design (fuselage, wing, pylons of powerplants and tail assembly), in particular: the scope of composite materials (CM) application was expanded, including the fuselage beamstructural elements; auxiliary power unit compartment is made entirely of CM; fastening the skin to the fuselage frame is made using rivets with a compensator, which ensures high quality of the external surface and eliminates the need for milling the heads of rivets after their installation; the fuselage canopy frame was made by welding, which significantly simplified the assembly technology; a two-support connected hitch scheme and control of extension of the slat sections with the use of involute gearing in the slat extensionretraction drives on the hinge mechanisms in the form of a pair of gears – a gear rack; developed a rational design of the wing box with a theoretical surface of double curvature, high adaptability and operability with survivability and high lifetime; a seven-part flap extension-retraction mechanism has been developed, which provides a predetermined flap advancement path; a combined flap design with a metal torsion box part, nose and tail part and a deflector made of CM; a molybdenum coating was applied, which increased the wear resistance of high-loaded parts from titanium alloys by more than 20 times; a monolithic integral design of interceptors and ailerons from CM was developed; a rational design of a pylon of a hinge plate of a mid-flight power plant has been developed with optimal rigidity characteristics to achieve given characteristics of flutter safety, with extensive use of composite materials in the tail and nose sections; the design of caps from pressed semi-finished products with two tips has been developed; an integrated design of the rudder and elevator made of composite materials has been developed.
Venezuela's Crisis in an Era of Conflictual Multipolarity
Authors: YAKOVLEV Petr
Published: May 2019

The present and future of the country, which has the world's largest oil reserves, have been put on the line by Venezuela's crisis. So has the balance of power in the Latin American region and to a certain extent at global level. The internal political conflict, which deeply divided Venezuelan society, has crossed national borders to become one of the nerve centers of world politics. Due to the special significance of Venezuela for the leading powers of the world, attitude to events in this country has become geopolitically relevant. In fact, this is the first crisis in an era of conflictual multipolarity.
Kreasi Cerita Bergambar Berbasis Budaya Lokal Malang
Authors: Rahmadianto Habiby
Published: May 2019

Picture story is one way to attract children's attention. Story drawing interesting for children because with pictures children see things he saw. Through picture stories children can develop their imagination. From the imagination or fantasy of children will come up new ideas in accordance with the imagination of children. From the world of children's imagination, children will practice what they have in mind. The number of children who do not know the Local Culture of Malang One of the famous is Wayang Topeng Malang, but is now increasingly eroded by modern art. This research is a development research to arrange product of learning media of Malang Local Culture. Therefore, it is necessary to develop media that introduce Malang Local Culture.
Assessment of the Impact of Oil and Non-Oil Products on Nigeria Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Authors: Charles C. Okeke , Francis C. Eze
Published: May 2019

This study investigates specifically the impact of Oil and Non-Oil Products on Nigeria Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Data were collected for period 1981-2016 Descriptive Statistics and Multiple Linear Regression Approach was used, defining Oil, and Non-Oil Products as independent variables and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as dependent variable. From the analysis, Oil, and Non-Oil Products contributes immensely to the Nigeria Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Contrary, the Oil Product is positively and insignificant on economic growth of Nigeria (GDP) and the Non-Oil Product has positively and significant on economic growth of Nigeria (GDP). This study therefore recommends that Nigeria should enhance her export promotion strategies and diversify her economy far away from Crude oil.
The Impact Availability of the Components of Internal Auditing By Adding Value in Government Units in Iraq
Authors: Deab Abid Ihsan
Published: May 2019

This study aims to identify the concept of adding value, the role of internal auditing in adding value and its location in the value chain, and identifying stakeholders, the internal audit components for their addition, its adding value activities, and the indicators needed to determine the expectations of stakeholders in the value of internal audit activities. In order to reach the objectives, the study presented a theoretical presentation and a questionnaire was prepared for the opinions of 78 employees of internal audit units, public administrations, supervision bodies and academics specialized in accounting and auditing. The study found that the internal audit components for adding value in government units are efficiency and quality. Assurance, insight, objectivity. Internal auditing has a number of value-adding activities: identifying areas of spending reduction, reducing fraud and Manipulation, increase the reputation of the unit, paying attention to stakeholders’ satisfaction and expectations, improving information communication. There is a correlation between these components and the internal audit activities value-adding as well as their positive impact in adding value. And the measures of adding value: the growth rate in the Employees training and information technology expenses, the percentage applied from the internal audit recommendations, the percentage of the decrease in irregularities discovered by the SAIs, Stakeholder satisfaction ratio, percentage of tasks implemented/ planned, Percentage of the amount of violations measured to annual expenditure, Number of times support requested by SAIs, The growth in the number of annual reports, the number of requests received for the perform of auditing tasks, the amount of reduction in proposed expenditures relative to annual unit expenditures, percentage of The amount of reduction in the proposed expenditures To the annual unit expenses. The study made several recommendations, the most important of which is the need to establish local internal auditing standards, Mechanisms for employment and rotation of staff in internal audit units, attention by training them on the use of modern technologies, subordinated to periodic tests, work to achieve independence by making them administratively linked to the provincial treasuries, Adoption of measures of adding v alue in internal audit and executive management evaluation.
TÜRKİYE’DE ASKER- SİVİL İLİŞKİLERİ BAĞLAMINDA 12 MART MUHTIRASI VE PARTİLER ÜSTÜ HÜKÜMET MODELİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: KARATAŞ MURAT
Published: May 2019

Bu
makalede, Türkiye’de Asker- Sivil ilişkileri bağlamında 12 Mart 1971 Muhtırası
ve partiler üstü hükümet modeli konu edilmiştir. Demokratik rejimde bir siyasi
aktör olarak yeri bulunmayan askerler, 27 Mayıs 1960 darbesi ile Türkiye’nin
reel siyasetinde başrol oyuncusu durumuna gelmiş ve dönem boyunca bu konumu
sürdürme çabası içerisinde olmuşlardır. 12 Mart’a giden süreçte 27 Mayıs’ın
doğurduğu uygulama sorunları ve Başbakan Süleyman Demirel’in 1965-1971
döneminde uyguladığı iç-dış politikalar ülkede siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik
buhran ortamı oluşturmuştur. Sonuçta bu durumdan çıkılmasını isteyen askerler
kendi istedikleri isimleri ülke yönetimine getirmek ve kendi reformlarını
millete dayatmak amacıyla 12 Mart 1971 tarihinde Başbakan Demirel’e muhtıra
vermişlerdir. 12 Mart’ta askerler 27 Mayıs’tan farklı olarak TBMM ve siyasi
partileri kapatmamış siyasilere karşı yargılama ve hapis gibi eylemlere
girişmemişlerdir. Buna rağmen askerler bu dönemde ülkedeki buhranın sebebi
olarak 1961 Anayasası’nı ve siyasi partileri göstermişlerdir. Yaklaşık otuz ay
sürecek “Ara Rejim” döneminde askerlerin uygun gördükleri
isimlerden oluşan partiler üstü hükümetler ülkenin ihtiyaç duyduğu
reformları yapmaya çalışmıştır. Ancak büyük umut bağlanan dört partiler üstü
hükümetin farklı sebeplerle başarısızlığı ülkedeki siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik
buhranın derinleşmesine buna bağlı olarak da 12 Eylül 1980’de askerlerin sivil
siyasete yeniden müdahalesine sebep olmuştur.
PENGARUH PEMERIKSAAN DAN PENAGIHAN PAJAK TERHADAP PENERIMAAN PAJAK
Authors: . Waluyo
Published: May 2019

The role of taxes in National Revenue and Expenses Budget  continues to increase on all state revenues from year to year. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influences of the Tax Examination and Tax Billing in partially and simultaneously of the Tax RevenueObject in this research is the Tax Service Office Pratama Kosambi for the period 2008 – (Semester I) 2012. The sample was selected by Convenience Sampling Method. Data that use in this research is secondary data, such as Realization of Tax Examination, Target of Tax Examination,   Realization of Tax Arrears Disbursement, Amount  of Tax Arrears; Realization and Target of Tax Revenue for Income Tax, Value Added Taxes and / Sales Tax on Luxury Goods issued by the Tax Service Office.The results of this research are: (1) Tax Examination has significant influence to Tax Revenue, (2) Tax Billing has significant influence to Tax Revenue, (3) Tax Examination and Tax Billing simultaneously have significant influence to Tax Revenue.Keywords: Tax Examination, Tax Billing, Tax Revenue
Sustainable Construction in Kurdish Vernacular Architecture
Authors: Khoshnaw Rebaz
Published: May 2019

The Kurdistan region is currently undergoing rapid change and development in many ways. The economy is growing, and the population is increasing. Adopting a modern lifestyle is influencing individuals and social behavior. These factors are collectively affecting the architectural styles and construction techniques of the buildings. Abandoning the vernacular architecture has led to a loss of locality. This research outlines the characteristics and elements of Kurdish vernacular architecture in Erbil city and the villages in mountainous area; it then analyses them in terms of sustainability. A descriptive method is adopted to identify the sustainable aspects of traditional building techniques and designs. Finally, the paper concludes that with developed construction regulations, some of the designs and construction methods of traditional architecture, with the right management, can be adopted in modern buildings.
Dynamic Modeling of Streptomyces hygroscopicus Fermentation Broth Microfiltration by Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Jokić Aleksandar , Nikolić Nevenka , Lukić Nataša , Grahovac Jovana , Dodić Jelena , Rončević Zorana , Šereš Zita
Published: May 2019

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used to dynamically model cross-flow microfiltration of Streptomyces hygroscopicus fermentation broths. The aim is to predict permeate flux as a function of temperature, feed flow, transmembrane pressure and processing time. Dynamic modeling of microfiltration performance of complex systems (such as broths) is very important for design of new processes and better understanding of the present. The results of ANN model analysis suggest that the coefficients of the determination have high values. The application of the Bayesian regularization gave better results to the performance of the neural network compared to the Levenberg-Marquet algorithm. The optimal number of neurons in the hidden layer is eight. Analysis of the absolute relative error showed excellent permeate flux estimates for 100 % of the data points, with an error less than 5 % for the data obtained during microfiltration in the presence of a turbulence promoter. Whilst in the case of microfiltration without turbulence promoter 90 % of predictions have an error less than 10 %. The results of applying the concept of neural networks in the dynamic modeling of microfiltration of Streptomyces hygroscopicus fermentative broths with and without a turbulence promoter clearly show the validity of proposed method for simulation and prediction of microfiltration experimental results.
Spatial Econometrics – Usage in Transportation Sciences: A Review Article
Authors: Szabó Zsombor , Török Árpád
Published: May 2019

Nowadays the spatial econometrics is became widely used in transportation sciences. In order to know which method can be used or how they should be used, the review articles give answers. In this recent paper the goal is to collect all of the methods in one article which can be used in further researches. The improvement in this article is that beside the spatial econometric methods, other necessary techniques are also introduced. With this fact a whole analysis can be applied.
The Application of Group Investigation Based on Hands on Activities to Improve Learning Outcomes Based on Higher Order Thinking Skills of Students at SMA Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar
Authors: Ambarita Rosmaulina Adelina , Yunastiti Yunastiti , Indriayu Mintasih
Published: May 2019

The 2013 curriculum currently implemented in Indonesia is one of government attention to the educational world. One of the objectives of the curriculum implementation is the application of learning that is able to improve students' thinking skills which is generally called as higher order thinking skills (HOTS). However, conventional learning that is commonly implemented in Indonesia has not been able to meet the educational objectives. To solve these problems, a relevant learning model is required to improve students learning outcomes based on higher order thinking skills (HOTS). One of the appropriate learning models to solve this issue is the hands on activities investigation group learning model. This model is a learning model with a learning concept in which students are required to play a very active role in building their own knowledge through experiences encountered in groups that will be able to improve student learning outcomes based on higher order thinking skills. This article aimed to explain the ability of group investigation learning model based on hands activities in improving students learning outcomes based on higher order thinking skills. This research was quantitative research with experimental methods. The sample of this study was class X pis student of SMA Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar.  The results showed that group investigation learning model based on hands on activities was able to improve learning outcomes based on higher order thinking skills of students at SMA Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar.
Estructura del presupuesto basado en actividades bajo el enfoque difuso
Authors: Chamba Esparza Verónica Paola , Luna Altamirano Kléber Antonio , Narváez Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Erazo Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo, radica en la estructura de un presupuesto basado en la técnica de monitorear las actividades necesarias para el Sindicato de Operadores y Mecánicos de Equipo Caminero de Loja y Zamora Chinchipe-Ecuador, denominado Presupuesto Basado en Actividades (PBA) con el soporte de herramientas de vanguardia que brinda la lógica difusa; el problema de la investigación es la carencia de conocimiento del proceso de elaboración y ejecución del presupuesto por parte del personal del departamento contable del sindicato y la inexistencia de evaluaciones a la ejecución del presupuesto de años anteriores impidiendo conocer la gestión de los recursos financieros. El objetivo de este trabajo, es el de permitir que la organización cuente con un nuevo diseño de presupuesto basado en actividades determinando los costos e ingresos por cada una de las actividades; dentro de la metodología se desarrolla herramientas de avanzada de la lógica difusa, como son los números borrosos trapezoidales (NBTr), este método determina valores correctos presupuestarios, tiene como propósito la realización de proyecciones de ingresos y gastos a un periodo de tiempo determinado. El resultado de esta investigación es establecer hasta que niveles presupuestarios alcanza a cubrir el presupuesto basado en actividades, con el propósito de facilitar al nivel ejecutivo en la toma de decisiones para optimizar los recursos financieros de este gremio.
Implementación del modelo Servperf como herramienta para el diagnóstico y propuesta de mejoras en la prestación del Servicio. Caso: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social Agencia Riobamba.
Authors: Sánchez Lunavictoria Jacqueline Carolina , Navas Zamora Santiago Armando , Chávez Rojas Jenny Isabel , Fernanda Miranda María , Morocho Quisnancela Juan Carlos
Published: May 2019

La investigación nace de la importancia que tiene la calidad de los servicios en la satisfacción de las necesidades de los afiliados del IESS de la ciudad de Riobamba, la misma, que a través de los años ha estado expuesta a críticas negativas, pues no cumplen con las expectativas de los usuarios. El objetivo radica en implementar el modelo Servperf como herramienta para el diagnóstico de la calidad de los servicios y proponer alternativas de mejora de los mismos. La metodología empleada es del tipo no experimental de diseño transversal con un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo. El principal resultado fue que el modelo SERVPERF, permite identificar con mayor exactitud en base a cinco dimensiones la calidad en la prestación de los servicios y que en el caso de la investigación dio como resultado que es la empatía el principal problema que se derivó de la falta de capacitación del talento humano. Por tal motivo, se propone en base al círculo de Deming, estrategias de mejora continua que cambien la cultura organizacional y la orienten a la satisfacción de las necesidades de los afiliados.
Análisis de la Calidad de leche producida por ganaderos rurales en la parroquia Pastocalle Cotopaxi y su influencia en la economía del sector.
Authors: Pallango Fernandez Edgar Vinicio , Moreno Barriga Mónica Alexandra , Noguera Cundar Andres Joao , Moreno Barriga Fabián Marcelo , Bonilla Novillo Sayuri Monserrath
Published: May 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación es realizar un estudio de la calidad de leche que se produce por los ganaderos campesinos productores de la parroquia Pastocalle provincia de Cotopaxi y su incidencia económica, se estudia a los productores y plantas procesadoras de leche ubicadas en la zona, de esta forma se reconoce el problema que tienen los habitantes de esta parroquia y que se dedican a esta actividad siendo la misma su principal fuente de ingresos. Se utiliza entonces entrevistas y encuestas a los grupos implicados para determinar la calidad de la materia prima, es decir como perciben los productores la calidad de su propio producto y como las plantas recolectoras evalúan la leche y su calidad, de esta forma se logra reconocer la problemática que viven los habitantes de esta parroquia que se dedican a esta actividad,  encontrándose que predomina la calidad de leche buena y regular frente a los requerimientos de las plantas receptoras y procesadoras del sector que exigen una materia prima de excelente calidad, por otro lado es importante tomar en cuenta que en la legislación ecuatoriana se ha normado el pago de leche por puntos de calidad en función de lo cual los ganaderos que producen alta calidad recibirán buenos  precios y por ende alta rentabilidad mejorando así sus ingresos para subsistir con un mejor nivel de vida.
Factors influencing the career preferences of medical students and interns: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey from India
Authors: Anand Ruban , Sankaran Prakash Somi
Published: May 2019

Purpose: The study aimed to identify the motivational factors and demographic variables influencing the career preferences of medical students in India.Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey at Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. The participants were 368 of the 460 medical students and interns enrolled at the institution from October 2015 to August 2016. We designed the questionnaire to collect demographic data, students’ preferences for career specialties, and the motivational factors influencing them. Then, we analyzed the influence of these factors and demographic variables on career preferences using regression analysis.Results: Of the 368 respondents, 356 (96.7%) expressed their intention to pursue a residency program after the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) program, and about two-thirds indicated their preference to do so in India. The specialties most preferred by students were general surgery, general medicine (internal medicine), and pediatrics, while the least preferred were anatomy, obstetrics and gynecology, and community medicine. Factor analysis yielded three motivational factors, which we named ‘personal growth,’ ‘professional growth,’ and ‘personal satisfaction’ based on the items loaded in each. The motivational factors were predicted by demographic variables (gender, geographical background, current stage in the MBBS program, and the presence of relatives in the health professions). Demographic variables and the motivational factors also had significant influences on career preferences.Conclusion: This study provides insights into the motivational factors that influence the career preferences of Indian medical students and interns. A robust longitudinal study would be required to study intra-individual variations in preferences and the persistence of choices.
Introduction
Authors: Almagor Eran
Published: May 2019

In order to evaluate the historical descriptions of the political and social reality of the period in Plutarch's works, this chapter addresses two historiographic questions. (1) What do we know about Plutarch's work method? (2) What do we know of the Persica works? An attempt is proposed to allow the answers to reflect one upon the other and to show that the two great mysteries shed light on each other. The chapter introduces the subject, firstly, by pointing at the significance of treating Plutarch's oeuvre, especially the biographies, as complete artistic artefacts, works of literature and rhetoric aimed to highlight certain moral or philosophical ideas. Also addressed are the moral aspect of history found in Plutarch's works and the manner in which Plutarch the author uses the persona of a narrator to communicate the story and his ideas. Secondly, the character of the lost Persica works is portrayed. Thirdly, Plutarch's fascination with Persia and its manifestations is dealt with. Lastly, a special focus is given to the Artaxerxes.
Ctesias (a)
Authors: Almagor Eran
Published: May 2019

The most important writer of the group of authors who are said to have composed Persica works is Ctesias of Cnidus (fl. 400-390 BCE). Of all the authors treated in this book, Ctesias the physician is the only one about whose life and work we have relatively secure information, albeit it all appears to ultimately come from his own descriptions, and despite the fact that certain issues are still unclear. The chapter addresses passages in which Ctesias' name is explicitly stated as a source by Plutarch. It begins with an analysis of the passages in Plutarch's work, and combines the observations with what is known of Ctesias from other sources, to infer Plutarch's work method and the purpose of using Ctesias in the Artaxerxes and of mentioning him as a source.
Conclusions
Authors: Almagor Eran
Published: May 2019

This chapter describes the main features of the content and structure of the Persica works as gathered in this study, and outlines Plutarch's method of employing these sources. Some of the features which can be attributed to the lost works used by Plutarch and to their authors were probably those that the biographer presumed to be common knowledge and regarded as information shared by his intended readers. The outcome of this study shatters the image of Plutarch as an author who largely copied his sources or echoed royal propaganda reflected in the Greek texts he used. In fact, some of the 'fragments' commonly regarded as such by scholars are not really fragments of the Persica works but rather sections which Plutarch composed himself, using several works while twisting them around, omitting and adding details. Drawing together the main strands of the book, this chapter presents a general argument concerning the manner Plutarch preserved ancient authors. Reiterating the aforementioned discussions on Plutarch's handling of the Persica works, the chapter suggests an outline of his work method in composing a Life by using the Artaxerxes as an example.
Modernism, Internationalism and the Russian Revolution
Authors: Ayers David
Published: May 2019

Modernism, Internationalism and the Russian Revolution examines responses to the Russian Revolution and the formation of the League of Nations in literature and journalism in the years following 1917. It examines early attempts to assess the Revolution, how the Bolsheviks intervened in the British public sphere, how visitors to Moscow responded to meeting Lenin and Trotsky, and the manner in which the League and Revolution occupied the work of such figures as T.S. Eliot, Leonard Woolf, Maynard Keynes, Clare Sheridan and H.G. Wells. This study reveals the extent and complexity of the debate about revolution and nationalities which was a dominant feature of public discourse. Drawing on the responses of journalists and literary authors, including some figures rarely considered in the context of literary modernism, such as Tomáš Masaryk and Henry Noel Brailsford, it gives new insights into the relationship between modernist literature and the geopolitical shifts which governed the period, and demonstrates how a new age of transnational politics began.
‘The Two Internationals’
Authors: Ayers David
Published: May 2019

This chapter outlines the attempts of journalists in the New Age and the New Statesman to understand and evaluate the events of the Russian Revolution as they occurred, with reference to such figures as Alfred Orage and Julius West. It then describes elements of early nationalities discourse in the writings of Leonard Woolf and J.A. Hobson, who debated the potential of a League of Nations as the basis of a postwar peace. These discourses about the Revolution and League would begin to change as the Revolution developed and Woodrow Wilson threw American weight behind the League.
The Criterion, the English Trotsky and the Idea of Europe
Authors: Ayers David
Published: May 2019

This chapter narrates the moment in which T.S. Eliot came to identify the Russian Revolution as the main event of the war and the motive for a re-evaluation of Europe’s position in the world. Eliot’s review of Trotsky in the Criterion introduces an account of the extensive and prominent publication of Trotsky’s works in Britain and responses to them by such figures as Maynard Keynes and even Stanley Baldwin, and the chapter concludes with an account of Valéry’s role in shaping Eliot’s thought on Europe, in the famous essay which he wrote for Middleton Murry’s Athenaeum.
Fiction and Story of the Russian Revolution
Authors: Ayers David
Published: May 2019

This chapter gives an account of a selection of the earliest fiction and memoirs to come out of the British encounter with the Russian Revolution, including work by Douglas Goldring, Harold Williams, William Gerhardie, Hugh Walpole, W.L. Blennerhassett, Ernest John Harrison, and Oliver Baldwin. Of these, it is Gerhardie who made the most of his experience as a British army officer and of his polyglot talents in forming his novel Futility, while others veer between adventure, conspiracy, propaganda and fantasy.
The 1970s: The Nuclear Relationship under the Shah
Authors: Hurst Steven
Published: May 2019

The main focus of the chapter is on the period between 1974 and 1978, when the Shah sought to accelerate Iran's nuclear programme, creating tensions with the USA. This short period witnessed the emergence of a number of key features of the US-Iranian nuclear relationship: The divergence of perspectives on proliferation and the fuel cycle quickly became clear. Even in a context in which the two were Cold War allies, Iranian nationalism and ambition and American fear of proliferation produced deadlock in their nuclear negotiations. The American refusal to provide Iran with fuel cycle technology was, moreover, strongly influenced by pressure from Congress, which was able to exploit the need for its ratification of any nuclear agreement to great effect. Finally, the chapter reveals a tension between unilateralism and multilateralism that would recur in US policy, as it tried to persuade the other nuclear powers to join it in not transferring sensitive nuclear technology whilst also pursuing its own national interests and accommodating domestic pressures.
2001–8: George W. Bush and the Failure of Confrontation
Authors: Hurst Steven
Published: May 2019

Chapter Four looks at US policy during the administration of George W. Bush. The revelations that focused international attention on the Iranian nuclear programme in 2002 exposed divisions within the Iranian elite over the nuclear programme, with the pragmatists and reformists who controlled policy-making until 2005 making repeated efforts to pursue a negotiated solution. Hard line conservatives in the Bush administration, however, had no interest in compromise with Iran. They were committed to regime change (at best) or compelling Tehran to abandon its pursuit of the fuel cycle (at worst). Once again, however, the policy was incoherent and ineffective. It contained no meaningful incentives for Tehran while the coercive measures employed were ineffectual, with Washington's continued unilateralism undermining its efforts to bring effective pressure to bear. Bush's rejection of the outreach of the Khatami government, moreover, contributed to the discrediting of the latter and to the reassertion of Iranian hard liners. The subsequent election of Ahmadinejad to the Iranian presidency in 2005 guaranteed continued stalemate.
2009–15: Obama and the Road to the JCPOA
Authors: Hurst Steven
Published: May 2019

Obama introduced significant changes to US policy that brought ambitions more effectively into line with the means available to achieve them. He secured more effective multilateral cooperation from key states, which in turn enabled him to impose more effective coercion. Of equal importance, however, was his abandonment of the demand that Iran give up the fuel cycle. That decision was driven by his recognition that continued enrichment was non-negotiable as far as Tehran was concerned and his fear that the alternative to acknowledging that would be military conflict. There would have been no JCPOA, however, without parallel changes inside Iran. After eight years of dominance by Iranian hard liners, the 2013 election saw Hassan Rouhani returned to office. Obama's concession on enrichment created the political space for him to pursue a negotiated solution while Iran's economic problems and growing legitimacy crisis persuaded the Supreme Leader to support him in doing so. A nuclear agreement was finally reached as a result of smarter diplomacy on the part of the USA, the exhaustion of coercive options short of war, and domestic political changes on both sides, but especially in Iran.
The Marketplaces of Postmemory in the Shtetlekh Eishyshok, Delatyn, Opatów, Zdunska Wola, Urzejowice and Pińczów
Authors: Cinquegrani Maurizio
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on further case studies looking at the shtetlekh as sites of postmemory experienced by the second generation and on the impact of the Holocaust on these places. In particular, this chapter looks at the marketplace as a specific space within the shtetl and at its use as a film location. The chapter also focuses on the heroic actions of the Poles who helped and saved their Jewish neighbours.