bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frankliniella intonsa
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Frankliniella intonsa
(Trybom) Thysanoptera: Thripidae Polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Mainland Greece, Hungary, Italy, Mainland Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Mainland Portugal, Romania, Russia, Central Russia, Western Siberia, Spain, Mainland Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England and Wales, Ukraine, ASIA, Bangladesh, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Republic of Georgia, India, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu, Korea Republic, Mongolia, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia, Greenland, USA, Washington, OCEANIA, New Zealand.
Ophelimus eucalypti
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI/EPPO
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Ophelimus eucalypti
. Hymenoptera: Eulophidae. Hosts:
Eucalyptus
species, including Tasmanian blue gum (
E. globulus
), Sydney blue gum (
E. saligna
) and southern mahogany (
E. botryoides
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Oceania (Australia and New Zealand).
Ricania speculum
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Ricania speculum
(Walker). Hemiptera: Ricaniidae. Hosts: polyphagous on many agricultural crops. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Italy) and Asia (China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, India, Assam, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Indoneisa, Japan, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam).
Staking a claim: law, inequality and the city in South Africa
Authors: Brown Julian
Published: August 2021

The adoption of socio-economic rights in the post-apartheid constitution has given activists new tools to influence the development of economic policy. This article examines how – in the context of inequality and deprivation – urban communities, the residents of informal settlements, and civil society litigants have used these tools to reshape post-apartheid urban housing policy ‘from below’. It argues that this model of action provides a powerful example of popular work to combat widening inequality in the present conjuncture, operating to remake neoliberal state policy in a way that better responds to the experiences and needs of South Africa’s urban poor.
Early nasal type I IFN immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is compromised in patients with autoantibodies against type I IFNs
Authors: Lopez Jonathan , Mommert Marine , Mouton William , Pizzorno Andrés , Brengel-Pesce Karen , Mezidi Mehdi , Villard Marine , Lina Bruno , Richard Jean-Christophe , Fassier Jean-Baptiste , Cheynet Valérie , Padey Blandine , Duliere Victoria , Julien Thomas , Paul Stéphane , Bastard Paul , Belot Alexandre , Bal Antonin , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Rosa-Calatrava Manuel , Morfin Florence , Walzer Thierry , Trouillet-Assant Sophie
Published: August 2021

IFN-I and IFN-III immunity in the nasal mucosa is poorly characterized during SARS-CoV-2 infection. We analyze the nasal IFN-I/III signature, namely the expression of ISGF-3–dependent IFN-stimulated genes, in mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients and show its correlation with serum IFN-α2 levels, which peak at symptom onset and return to baseline from day 10 onward. Moreover, the nasal IFN-I/III signature correlates with the nasopharyngeal viral load and is associated with the presence of infectious viruses. By contrast, we observe low nasal IFN-I/III scores despite high nasal viral loads in a subset of critically ill COVID-19 patients, which correlates with the presence of autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against IFN-I in both blood and nasopharyngeal mucosa. In addition, functional assays in a reconstituted human airway epithelium model of SARS-CoV-2 infection confirm the role of such auto-Abs in abrogating the antiviral effects of IFN-I, but not those of IFN-III. Thus, IFN-I auto-Abs may compromise not only systemic but also local antiviral IFN-I immunity at the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Production of Pcs
(4459) from Ξb
Decay
Authors: Wu Qi , Chen Dian-Yong , Ji Ran
Published: August 2021

Inspired by the Pcs
(4459) reported by the LHCb collaboration recently, we investigate the Pcs
(4459) production from Ξb
decay in a molecular scenario using an effective Lagrangian approach. With different JP
assignments to Pcs
(4459), the magnitude of branching fractions of Ξb
→ Pcs
(4459) K is estimated, which is of the order of 10−4. Together with the decay properties of Pcs
(4459), the present estimations could be further testified by precise measurements and contribute to a better understanding of the molecular interpretations and the exploration of JP
quantum numbers of Pcs
(4459).
Resonant Hamiltonian systems and weakly nonlinear dynamics in AdS spacetimes
Authors: Evnin Oleg
Published: August 2021

Weakly nonlinear dynamics in anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes is reviewed, keeping an eye on the AdS instability conjecture and focusing on the resonant approximation that accurately captures in a simplified form the long-term evolution of small initial data. Topics covered include turbulent and regular motion, dynamical recurrences analogous to the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam phenomena in oscillator chains, and relations between AdS dynamics and nonrelativistic nonlinear Schrödinger equations in harmonic potentials. Special mention is given to the way the classical dynamics of weakly nonlinear strongly resonant systems is illuminated by perturbative considerations within the corresponding quantum theories, in particular, in relation to quantum chaos theory.
Development of two-dimensional plotter using programmable logic controller and human machine interface
Authors: Khanduja Priya , Bhargave Harshita , Babbar Atul , Pundir Pankaj , Sharma Ankit
Published: August 2021

In this modern world, the use of computerized numerical control technology has become indispensable in the areas of logo designing, furniture, and marble industries, etc. It inspires authors to develop the two-dimensional Plotter device using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Human Machine Interface (HMI) to reduce the complexity of CNC machines. The functional application of X-Y axis-based Plotter is used to draw a variety of shapes, text, and images on the solid surface. In this study, ladder programming is performed according to the script, and the program is thus executed by PLC which further gives the signal to the actuators. The X-Y axis is controlled by servo drivers which drive servo motors. DC motor is used to decide the position of the pen. Human Machine Interface (HMI) is used to provide supervisory control to the X-Y plotter. It has been achieved that the implementation of PLC-HMI based control panel gives comfortable and secure control. Thus, the desired text/shape is achieved with ease, when the motors move along concerning X-Y axis and subsequently pen touches the sheet to draw text/shape. Hence, it is stated that more real-world applications could also be achieved using the plotter device.
Parametric evaluation of solar driven combined supercritical organic Rankine cycle and vapor absorption refrigeration cycle for trigeneration
Authors: Khan Yunis , Mishra R.S.
Published: August 2021

Current study deals with the parametric evaluation of combined supercritical organic Rankine cycle and vapour absorption refrigeration cycle driven by solar power tower. It was obtained from the results, exergy and thermal efficiency of the combined system improved with solar irradiation. Maximum thermal and exergy efficiency were obtained 46.60% and 68.25% respectively at 950 W/m 2 while maximum exergy destruction was obtained 7589.46 kW at 500W/m 2. COP of the system decreased with generator and condenser temperature. The maximum COP for heating and cooling were found 1.4452 and 0.4448 respectively at 90°C of generator temperature.
A Survey on Various Deep Learning Models for Automatic Image Captioning
Authors: Gaurav  , Mathur Pratistha
Published: August 2021

Automatic Image captioning means the generation of a caption for an image by a machine. Image captioning is performed by recognizing objects, attributes and interconnection between them. This task involves computer vision for image understanding, natural language processing for syntax and semantics purpose and machine learning for caption generation. Preferably CNN is used to understand features of an image and RNN is used for sentence generation. Earlier, Machine learning approach was used for this purpose. Input data is used to extract the features in traditional machine learning. Extracting features like handcrafted from large dataset is not so easy and feasible. Later on, Various deep learning-based approaches were proposed. In deep learning, retrieval based and template-based methods were proposed but faced some issues like missing important objects and fixed length caption respectively. Then end to end learning approach based on deep learning network came into existence and image captioning task became more efficient. The objective of this paper is to study and compare various end to end learning-based framework for image captioning using standard evaluation metric and to understand how can these frameworks be used for various research applications. Along with the comparison, futuristic challenges have also been discussed.
Innovations in Different Abrasive Flow Machining Processes: A Review
Authors: Dhull Sachin , Mishra R.S. , Walia R.S. , Murtaza Q. , Niranjan M.S.
Published: August 2021

With advent of need for fast productivity in terms of material removal and surface roughness of the workpiece, abrasive flow machining (AFM) process is gaining rapid importance in the industries. In this process, the fine finishing of the internal surfaces is done that are difficult to reach spaces using abrasive laden polymer media. The media is extruded past the surface under high pressure with the help of two sets of extrusion piston cylinder arrangements. In this paper, various innovations done in the field of abrasive flow machining have been studied in detail in a tabulated form. It included the applications of the process and the different variant forms of AFM process. Due to addition of external forces in variant of AFM process, high speed machining is obtained with smoother surface integrity. Hence it can be concluded that this form of non-conventional machining process is efficient both in terms of surface roughness and material removal.
Parametric evaluation of the combined solar driven precompression supercritical CO2 cycle and organic Rankine cycle using ultra low global warming potential fluids
Authors: Khan Yunis , Mishra R.S.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, thermodynamic parametric analysis of solar driven pre-compression cycle combined with super critical CO2 and organic Rankine cycle using zero ozone depletion (ODP) and ultra low global warming potential (GWP) fluids have been carried out. The thermal model for the above system was developed using low global warming potential fluids and it was found that the thermal performance of the system is increased with the concentration ratio, fluid velocity, and with solar irradiation while decreased with receiver emittance. In terms of thermal performance parameters the R1224yd(E) gives highest performance Maximum exergy efficiency, thermal efficiency and output power were increased from 36.73% to 58.52%, 34.16% to 54.42% and 183kW to 293.5kW respectively when DNI (direct normal irradiation) increased from 0.4 kW/m2 to 0.95 kW/m2 based on R1224yd(E) fluid. R1224yd(E) recommended for the better performance.
Study and Trend Prediction of Covid-19 cases in India using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Shrivastava V K , Kumar Ajay , Shrivastava A , Tiwari A , Thiru K , Batra R
Published: August 2021

The novel coronavirus or officially known as SARS-CoV 2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) has caused a severe pandemic over the world affecting not only the economy of the countries but also the lifestyle of the people worldwide. As on 31.12.2020, Covid-19 (coronavirus disease) has infecting more than 10266674 people and causing about 148738 deaths in India. It has been seen through various statistics of various countries that the number of Covid-19 cases grows exponentially as the number of test increases then after some period, the rate of new cases decreases. In this research paper, researchers have created deep learning-based model to predict the curve of the new Covid-19 cases vs the total number of tests conducted in India. There is still lockdown in some part of the country while some states have partially relaxed the rules and some states totally lifted the lockdown. Predicting the number of new cases and their trend can help in deciding what is the optimal time to release the lockdown. It will also help in determining when the coronavirus will loosen its grip from India.
A Novel Automating Irrigation Techniques based on Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Phogat Manu , Kumar Ajay , Nandal Deepak , Shokhanda Jyoti
Published: August 2021

India is primarily an agrarian society and it is important to develop various irrigation techniques as the nature of soil varies drastically spatially. Irrigation scheduling are mainly depends upon monitoring of soil, crop, water available and weather conditions. Major limitation of this system is the under-irrigation or over-irrigation, which affects the SAR ratio of soil or excess runoff generation respectively. Effective implementation of irrigation technique is required to enhance the productivity of less fertile soil. Irrigation with variable rate and intelligent control-based system is required for the enhancement of irrigation system and higher crop yield. Study was conducted for the performance evaluation of irrigation system using ANN and Fuzzy Logic Toolbox of MATLAB. Moisture available, rainfall, evapotranspiration and water supply for wheat crop were taken as input and output variable were performance of irrigation system. Results of different irrigation techniques were evaluated and best technique were identified under their specification.
Exploration of wall angle and tool rotation on surface roughness in Negative Incremental Forming Process
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Kumar Amit , Kumar Amit , Gupta Shikha , Rajpal Rakesh , Srivastava Prateek
Published: August 2021

A significant augmentation in the obsolescence of traditional forming techniques results in the strong requirement of developing an emerging and flexible process to fabricate the user-ready parts in the manufacturing units. Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) also known as “negative incremental forming” has shown its viability as a novel and emerging forming method for fabricating the customized and batch-type products of sheet materials to satisfy the need of various potential sectors including medical, automobile, and aerospace. This method directly exempts the involvement of dedicated die-sets and turns into the choice of green manufacturing. The surface quality of fabricated parts can greatly decide the suitability and sustainability of the process in various applications. In the current study, the impact of wall angle and tool rotation have been explored for surface roughness during SPIF. Results revealed that the increase in spindle speed resulted in the decrease of Ra value of formed components. Moreover, the Ra value of formed components was found to decrease by 50 % when the experimental condition was changed from the combination of higher levels of wall angle and “free-to-rotate” condition of spindle speed to the combination of lower levels of wall angle (60°) and a higher level of spindle speed (1500 rpm).
The design of mathematics learning using didactical engineering to develop the mathematical comprehension ability and self-confidence of elementary students
Authors: Silo R A , Herman T , Jupri A
Published: August 2021

This research was based learning obstacles experienced by the students of elementary school. The obstacles were categorized into three learning obstacles namely epistemological, ontological, and didactical. The focuses of this research were to analyze the learning obstacles in addition, arrange the hypothetical learning trajectory, and design a learning material suitable to the students’ characteristics using didactical engineering. The design was considered to be able to set a learning environment setting which would minimize learning obstacles. The research used qualitative approach with descriptive analysis method. The subject was 27 first-grade students of an elementary school in Bandung. The data were collected using test instrument which was essay problems and non-test instruments which were observation sheets, interview, documents study, and both audio and audio-visual documentations. The research results showed that there were development of mathematical comprehension ability and self confidence in the majority of students following learning design implementation based on the learning environment setting involving situation of action, formulation, validation, and institutionalization.
Using technology in young children mathematical learning: a didactic perspective
Authors: Novita R , Herman T
Published: August 2021

Technology has penetrated every aspect of modern life, not least in young children’s education. So that the involvement of technology in learning is something we absolutely must do. For more than two decades, many stakeholders have indicated the potential use of technology in mathematics education. Nevertheless, various obstacles and concerns are still felt in this integration effort, especially in learning mathematics at young children’s ages. This article uses the literature review method to discuss the extent of the role of technology in learning mathematics for children in terms of didactic perspective. Some documents, such as journals and books related to using technology in young children’s mathematical learning, were analyzed to gather related information. The literature review stages that have been carried out are planning, organizing, drafting, editing, and redrafting. Therefore, the discussion can provide new knowledge for educators in their efforts to determine the best way to integrate technology into young children’s classroom settings.
Designing teaching materials based on process skills approach to mathematical representation ability in polyhedron
Authors: Sagita L , Setiyani  , Sumiarsih
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop the didactical design of teaching materials based on process skills approach to mathematical representation ability in polyhedron. The didactic design was made in the form of module for grade VIII based on the Didactical Design Research (DDR) stage, namely the didactic situation analysis stage before learning, the methapedadidactic stage, and the retrospective stage. At the stage of the didactic situation analysis resulted in a learning obstacle, didactic anticipation of teaching materials in the form of mathematics modules based on mathematical representation abilities and the results of validation of modules by experts. In the methapedadidactic stage, the responses of teaching material users were obtained to 26 students and one mathematics teacher in SMPN 1 Waled. While the results of filling out the questionnaire by the teacher obtained very positive response criteria and the results of the response questionnaires filled out by students obtained positive response criteria. In the retrospective stage, anticipation of user responses is obtained after the teaching materials are implemented. The results of module validation by four experts are categorized as very valid.
Vietnamese pre-service teachers and in-service teachers’ conception of STEM Education
Authors: Hang N T T
Published: August 2021

Recently, STEM education has emphasized in many countries including Vietnam because of its’ benefits. To prepare for effective STEM education instruction, the role of education universities in training pre-service teachers is concerned. To support training of STEM teaching instruction in classrooms for pre-service teachers, it is necessary to know their conceptualization of STEM conception and differences of their views with in-service teachers’ conceptions so that pre-service teachers work more effectively in their internship and near future in schools. However, little has been reported on how pre-service teachers are conceptualizing STEM education, and differences between pre-service teachers and in-service teachers’ STEM education conception who have more experiences in real classrooms in Mekong, Delta, Vietnam. In this study, to explore their STEM conception, an open-ended survey collecting both textual and visual responses was given to 100 in-service teachers from 10 schools in Can Tho city and 185 pre-service teachers of the Physics teacher education program, Can Tho University, Vietnam. The findings showed that both in-service teachers and pre-service teachers keep various ideas about STEM conception. They have both similarities and differences in conceptualization.
Development of USA method (understanding, sketching, analysing) as practical way to resolving classical mechanics problems for physics lesson
Authors: Rabiudin  , Nurafifi E H
Published: August 2021

This study aims to develop a problem solving method known as the USA method (Understanding, Sketching and analysing) as a practical method to solving classical mechanics problems. This research method uses the ADDIE Research and Development model (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation and Evaluation) with data analysis techniques using Aiken’s validation and reliability analysis. Research subjects in several physics subject teachers and science class students in West of Papua with the research stages used Problem Analysis and learning needs, USA method design, method development, implementation and evaluation of method. Researchers used 21 validators consisting of 13 validators from physics and mathematics experts who teach at universities and 8 physics teacher participants as practitioners who teach in schools. The results of this development indicate that the level of validity of all assessment indicators reaches 0.75 to 0.928 with a reliability of 0.82 where this interval is called high validity and reliability. The final step is to apply the USA method and then analyse the effectiveness and practicality of this method. The important results obtained by the researcher were 92.5% of respondents stated that the USA method was effective as a better method to supporting the quality of learning physics in classical mechanics lessons. Meanwhile 94.3% of respondents said the USA method was practical as an easy way to understand classical mechanics.
Risk Warning System of Market Power Monitoring in Electricity Market
Authors: Wang Xiangyang , Huang Hengzi , Zhao Wen , Yang Xi , Kong Miaomiao
Published: August 2021

The electricity market is involved in a large number of stakeholders, the risk is complex, and the market power will exacerbate the crisis after openness of the electricity market. If regulators can build the electricity market risk warning system in advance, they can detect risk signals in advance and take effective measures to avoid electricity power crisis. This paper focuses on building the electricity market power risk warning system. Thus, we firstly establish a set of indicators that can reflect the electricity market risk condition scientifically, and then estimate the threshold value of risk indicators by using the VaR method based on GARCH model. The risk warning system with five levels of signals is proposed by using the estimated VaR values of the indicator under different confidence, and it is validated to be feasible and effective. Finally, some measures are proposed to respond to different types of risk warning.
Research on the characteristics of real-world vehicle particle number and mass emissions
Authors: Yang Zhiwen , Zhang Xiaowen , Xie Zhenkai , Qi Songbo , Wang Jiguang , Li Jingyuan , Li Mengliang
Published: August 2021

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have been greatly promoted due to their advantages in both performance and energy saving. However, real-world particle emission measurements for PHEV are generally conducted by dilution system but rarely through the directly hot-sampling method. This study firstly employs a hot-sampling HT-ELPI+, the main component of a portable emission measurement system, to investigate the real-world emissions of particle matter (PM) and particle number (PN) from a Euro V PHEV. Obvious higher emission factors (EFs) of PN and PM occurred on the highway compared to those on other road types. However, the lowest EFs occurred on the urban road for PN, while on the rural road for PM. The average speed-bin EFs of PN and PM both exhibited increasing trends with the speed increase, especially when the speed exceeds 100 km/h. And the peak PN and PM emission rates in different speed ranges exhibit the highest in the high-speed range, while the lowest in the low-speed range. Furthermore, the particle number size distribution exhibited an obvious unimodal distribution (mode size: 9 nm) for the whole speed and the medium- and high-speed ranges, while a bimodal distribution (mode size: 9 nm and 30 nm) for the low-speed range.
The Evaluation System of Power Market Monitoring Based on AHP and the Entropy Method
Authors: He Jie , Zhao Wen , Huang Hengzi , Wang Miao , Zhao Panting
Published: August 2021

China’s new round of power system reform requires enhanced supervision of the power market. As power market monitoring is an important link of power market supervision, its necessity and importance has been further highlighted under the new reform. This paper constructs an evaluation index system of power market monitoring based on the industrial organization theory. Moreover, we combine the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy method to obtain weights of different indices. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation of the power market monitoring is obtained. This paper has practical value for the risk warning of the power market.
Research on the Design Strategy of Rural Environment
Authors: Zhou Can
Published: August 2021

With the passing of the COVID-19 pandemic, rural leisure tourism around the city has evolved into a basic force to expand domestic demand, speed up internal circulation and revitalize tourism. Due to the upgrading of rural leisure tourism in China, designers and operators have created a rich and entertaining environment for urban residents, which greatly enriches and satisfies the life of citizens. In this paper, some of the existing cases of rural leisure environment design are summarized, and the design strategies and methods are extracted to better guide the design practice.
Research on the relationship between transportation facilities and economic growth in Shanxi Province
Authors: Chen Xiaoqi
Published: August 2021

There is a saying in China, “If you want to get rich, build roads first.” This sentence points out the relationship between transportation facilities and economic development. The operating mileage of railways, highways and other modes of transportation represents a region’s transportation development, and they are inseparable from economic development. This article analyzes the traffic problems in Shanxi Province and related economic development problems based on the railway operating mileage and highway mileage in Shanxi Province in the past ten years. The study found that the mileage of railways and highways has a positive correlation with GDP. Then through the establishment of a regression model, the linear relationship between the three is determined, and finally based on the relationship between the three, suggestions suitable for the transportation and economic development of Shanxi Province are put forward.
Study on Impacts of Mining Development in Wanjiang City Belt on Urban and Rural Environment
Authors: Yin Yue , Yin He-Ping
Published: August 2021

This paper made a general introduction to the industrial and agricultural production, population and physical geography in the Wanjiang City Belt (hereinafter referred to as the Belt) and analyzed the regularity of ore formation, the distribution and characteristics of mineral resources and the status of mining development in the Belt. Besides, it studied the impact of mining development on urban and rural environment of the region, namely damage to soil resources, surface landscape and groundwater, geological disasters, hazards of mine waste water and residues and other types of plant-related pollution. It also put forward specific countermeasures for environmental problems arising from mining development in the Belt from the perspectives of rule by law & management and technology & economy. In addition, it introduced soil pollution in urban and rural areas of the region and ideas and methods for soil environmental governance, taking the Tongling region for example.
Discussion on the Selection and planning of Sewage Outfall Into the sea—a case of Gaoqi Sewage Treatment Plant
Authors: Wang Cui , Wang Bingkun , Jiang Shang
Published: August 2021

Scientific selection of the sewage outfall into the sea plays an important role in rational utilization of Marine self-purification capacity, reduction of land sewage discharge and ecological risk, and protection of the Marine environment. In this paper, the selection and layout of the sewage outfall into the sea of Gaoqi sewage treatment plant is taken as an example. First, the primary sewage outfall is selected according to the sewage outlet selection and delimiting principle. Then, the hydrodynamic and water quality model is established to predict and analyse the effects of sewage discharge from each primary outfall on marine water quality and sensitive areas of ecological environment. Finally, the final discharge outfall is determined by considering the environmental impact, engineering economic conditions. The results show that the recommended scheme is in line with the Marine function zoning, with good pollutant diffusion conditions, far away from the ecologically sensitive areas, and with the minimum project investment.
Evolution of agricultural urban land-use and dynamic evaluation of benefits
Authors: Xu Miao , Shao Jun , Wang Yi
Published: August 2021

This paper starts from the characteristics and driving factors of the land-use evolution in Jianli. The improved TOPSIS method is used to study the dynamic changes, including construction land, agricultural land, and waters and the facilities in Jianli from 2005-2020. Moreover, this paper uses the coupling harmonious degree model to evaluate the degree of coordination of each subsystem. Finally, this paper wants to promote sustainable, coordinated development land-use from domestic circulation in Jianli.
Research on the scheduling of the business mode based on the network freight platform
Authors: Bolin Li
Published: August 2021

From vehicle carriers to network freight operators, more and more mature enterprises invest into logistics freight. As the key object of the development of logistics and transportation industry at the present stage, multimodal transportation has natural advantages compared with a single road transportation. The article analyzes the network freight operator model. It expounds the business content of network freight platform, discusses the competitive cooperation between multiple network freight operators, analyzes the single transportation mode of network freight operators, obtains the phenomenon of low transportation efficiency and the scheduling of urban and cross-regional types
Application of Statistical Process Control in Engineering Quality Management
Authors: Li Jinmeng
Published: August 2021

The control of the statistical process is to apply statistical techniques to monitor each stage of the production process and to achieve the purpose of improving and ensuring the quality of the product. The basic element of quality control is the control chart. Control chart is a statistical tool to control product quality in the production process, and is the most important method in quality control. Statistical process control is widely used in the quality management of energy, environment, chemical engineering and other fields, and plays a vital role in improving the process and product quality in related fields.
Research on the linkage mechanism and influencing factors of Jiangsu inland shipping and regional economic system
Authors: Liqin Chen , Yongfeng Zhang
Published: August 2021

In order to cater to the new development paradigm, it is increasingly important of inland shipping system to expand domestic demand. Based on the linkage mechanism between inland shipping and regional economy, the index system of coordinated development is constructed, then the coupling coordination degree model of each index weight determined by entropy weighting method is calculated, the coupling correlation degree and coupling coordination scheduling between Jiangsu inland shipping system and regional economy system from 2009 to 2019 are enumerated, the key factors causing coupling effect in the two systems are analyzed by grey correlation analysis at the last. The result shows that the coupling between inland shipping and regional economy in Jiangsu Province has been at a high level for a long time, and the coupling coordination level has experienced a change from maladjustment to benign coupling, showing a trend of steady progress. Container throughput, cargo throughput, iron ore throughput, coal and its products throughput, GDP and per capita GDP are the key factors of the interaction between inland shipping and regional economy in Jiangsu Province. By revealing the linkage mechanism between inland shipping system and regional economic system, some suggestions to promote the coordinated development of regional systems can be put forward.
Corrosion resistance of the dissimilar alloy AL6XN-Inconel 718 in 0.5 M NaCl
Authors: Likhanova Natalya V , Cruz Castañeda Miguel A , Arellanes-Lozada Paulina , Olivares-Xometl Octavio , Lijanova Irina , Arriola-Morales J
Published: August 2021

In the present work, the corrosion resistance of the dissimilar alloy AL6XN-Inconel 718 bound by the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) method was studied. Different alloy zones were analyzed: base materials (BMs), heat affected zones (HAZs) and welds. The effect exerted by the GTAW method on the corrosion resistance displayed by such dissimilar alloy in 0.5 M NaCl was established by means of corrosion studies employing potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The electrochemical results revealed that the alloy HAZs are more susceptible to corrosion due to microstructure changes caused mainly by elements such as Ni, Cr and Mo during the GTAW process.
Design and two-photon direct laser writing of low-loss waveguides, tapers and S-bends
Authors: Baghdasaryan Tigran , Vanmol Koen , Thienpont Hugo , Berghmans Francis , Geernaert Thomas , Van Erps Jürgen
Published: August 2021

Despite the rapid developments in the field of two-photon polymerization-based direct laser writing, limited attention has been paid to the efficient design of optical waveguide-based building blocks. To fill that gap, we have numerically investigated air-clad waveguides, tapers, and S-bends, with the aim to minimize insertion losses, whilst reducing the device sizes. We have first demonstrated waveguides with square and circular cross-sections that are mode-matched with single-mode optical fibers featuring insertion losses below −0.6 dB and −1.5 dB around 1550 nm for lengths of respectively 0.2 mm and 1 mm. We have also identified parabolic tapers that allow for adiabatic transition between a wide range of input and output waveguide sizes. These shapes allow, for example, tapering down from 15 µm to 2 µm diameter waveguides over a length as short as 43.2 µm. We have fabricated a series of such components and confirmed their nearly lossless performance with insertion loss measurements. Finally, we have designed and optimized S-bends with Bezier curve shapes. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we have fabricated a 160 µm long S-bend that offsets the waveguide axis by 50 µm. The insertion loss of the resulting 400 µm long component, which also included two parabolic tapers, was less than −1.7 dB. Apart from providing design rules and ready-to-use recipes for fabricating low-loss 3D-printed waveguide-based building blocks, we project that our work will spark the development of a series of efficient photonic devices that rely on these components and that can be exploited in diverse application fields.
Hierarchical architectures in reservoir computing systems
Authors: Moon John , Wu Yuting , Lu Wei D
Published: August 2021

Reservoir computing (RC) offers efficient temporal data processing with a low training cost by separating recurrent neural networks into a fixed network with recurrent connections and a trainable linear network. The quality of the fixed network, called reservoir, is the most important factor that determines the performance of the RC system. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the hierarchical reservoir structure on the properties of the reservoir and the performance of the RC system. Analogous to deep neural networks, stacking sub-reservoirs in series is an efficient way to enhance the nonlinearity of data transformation to high-dimensional space and expand the diversity of temporal information captured by the reservoir. These deep reservoir systems offer better performance when compared to simply increasing the size of the reservoir or the number of sub-reservoirs. Low frequency components are mainly captured by the sub-reservoirs in later stage of the deep reservoir structure, similar to observations that more abstract information can be extracted by layers in the late stage of deep neural networks. When the total size of the reservoir is fixed, tradeoff between the number of sub-reservoirs and the size of each sub-reservoir needs to be carefully considered, due to the degraded ability of individual sub-reservoirs at small sizes. Improved performance of the deep reservoir structure alleviates the difficulty of implementing the RC system on hardware systems.
A spiking central pattern generator for the control of a simulated lamprey robot running on SpiNNaker and Loihi neuromorphic boards
Authors: Angelidis Emmanouil , Buchholz Emanuel , Arreguit Jonathan , Rougé Alexis , Stewart Terrence , von Arnim Axel , Knoll Alois , Ijspeert Auke
Published: August 2021

Central pattern generator (CPG) models have long been used to investigate both the neural mechanisms that underlie animal locomotion, as well as for robotic research. In this work we propose a spiking central pattern generator (SCPG) neural network and its implementation on neuromorphic hardware as a means to control a simulated lamprey model. To construct our SCPG model, we employ the naturally emerging dynamical systems that arise through the use of recurrent neural populations in the neural engineering framework (NEF). We define the mathematical formulation behind our model, which consists of a system of coupled abstract oscillators modulated by high-level signals, capable of producing a variety of output gaits. We show that with this mathematical formulation of the CPG model, the model can be turned into a spiking neural network (SNN) that can be easily simulated with Nengo, an SNN simulator. The SCPG model is then used to produce the swimming gaits of a simulated lamprey robot model in various scenarios. We show that by modifying the input to the network, which can be provided by sensory information, the robot can be controlled dynamically in direction and pace. The proposed methodology can be generalized to other types of CPGs suitable for both engineering applications and scientific research. We test our system on two neuromorphic platforms, SpiNNaker and Loihi. Finally, we show that this category of spiking algorithms displays a promising potential to exploit the theoretical advantages of neuromorphic hardware in terms of energy efficiency and computational speed.
Perceptions and experiences of residents and relatives of emergencies in care homes: a systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Curtis Ffion , Jayawickrama Withanage Iresha Udayangani , Laparidou Despina , Weligamage Dedunu , Kumarawansha Weerapperuma Kankanamge Wijaya Sarathchandra , Ortega Marishona , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan
Published: August 2021

Background

the perceptions and experiences of care home residents and their families are important for understanding and improving the quality of emergency care.

Methods

we conducted a systematic review and metasynthesis to understand the perceptions and experiences of care home residents and their family members who experienced medical emergencies in a care home setting. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020167018). We searched five electronic databases, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO, supplemented with internet searches and forward and backward citation tracking from included studies and review articles. Data were synthesised thematically following the Thomas and Harden approach. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist was used to assess the quality of studies included in this review.

Results

of the 6,140 references retrieved, 10 studies from four countries (Australia, Canada, UK and USA) were included in the review and metasynthesis. All the included studies were assessed as being of good quality. Through an iterative approach, we developed six analytical themes: (i) infrastructure and process requirements in care homes to prevent and address emergencies; (ii) the decision to transfer to hospital; (iii) experiences of transfer and hospitalisation for older patients; (iv) good communication is vital for desirable outcomes; (v) legal, regulatory and ethical concerns and (vi) trusting relationships enabled residents to feel safe.

Conclusions

the emergency care experience for care home residents can be enhanced by ensuring resources, staff capacity and processes for high quality care and trusting relationships between staff, patients and relatives, underpinned by good communication and attention to ethical practice.
Dianthus superbus as a critically endangered species in Latvia: evaluation of its growth conditions and conservation possibilities
Authors: Osvalde Anita , Jakobsone Gunta , Akmane Ieva , Svilāns Andrejs , Dubova Ilze
Published: August 2021

Dianthus superbus is one of the most endangered species in Latvia and is on the verge of local extinction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to inventory previously identified populations of D. superbus in Latvia and to develop activities to conserve this species in accordance with the results obtained in situ. Expeditions on 18 previously documented locations, according to the data of Nature Conservation Agency, revealed only three existing D. superbus localities in Latvia with a significant number of specimens located in the Latgale region near Silenieki. In 2020, for the first time, two more new D. superbus localities were found in the vicinity of these three approved locations. As it is not possible to create micro-reserves in the existing localities which are mainly located either on roadsides or in a cemetery, additional activities are needed to preserve the D. superbus in Latvia. In vitro culture was initiated from shoot explants obtained in situ, from which, in turn, ex vitro plantings were done in the National Botanic Garden (NBG) and the Botanical Garden of the University of Latvia (BG UL). Their quality and compliance with plants in situ were analysed. Overall, it was concluded that the plants grown ex situ were qualitatively equivalent to those obtained in situ, as a very high percentage of seed viability and germination was found both for in situ and ex situ growing D. superbus. Based on the results obtained we could conclude that D. superbus is a species that is able to adapt to different soils with a wide range of nutrient levels, moisture conditions and pH, as long as there are three main preconditions—adequate lighting, low overgrowth of other plant species and non-destructive human activities.
What We Talk about When We Talk about General Principles of Law
Authors: Shao Xuan
Published: August 2021

In the current debate on general principles of law, major controversies revolve around the “two-category” approach to this source and its relationship with the other sources. Seeking to disentangle these controversies in light of the rationale behind this source, this paper argues that the formation and identification of general principles are driven by the need for international law to be a coherent legal system; and accordingly, general principles of both categories embody the “implied consent” of States in light of the requirements and conditions of international law. Based on the characters of general principles flowing from this “implied consent”, which distinguishes them from treaties and custom, this article argues that the danger of general principles serving as an easier route for creating obligations for States is overrated; and despite the residual position of general principles under the lex specialis principle, they may complement, sometimes in crucial ways, the other sources and harden into them over time.
Chemical niches and ionoregulatory traits: applying ionoregulatory physiology to the conservation management of freshwater fishes
Authors: Zimmer Alex M , Goss Greg G , Glover Chris N
Published: August 2021

Alterations in water chemistry can challenge resident fish species. More specifically, chemical changes that disrupt ion balance will negatively affect fish health and impact physiological and ecological performance. However, our understanding of which species and populations are at risk from ionoregulatory disturbances in response to changing freshwater environments is currently unclear. Therefore, we propose a novel framework for incorporating ionoregulatory physiology into conservation management of inland fishes. This framework introduces the concepts of fundamental chemical niche, which is the tolerable range of chemical conditions for a given species based on laboratory experiments, and realized chemical niche, which is the range of chemical conditions in which a species resides based on distribution surveys. By comparing these two niches, populations that may be at risk from ionoregulatory disturbances and thus require additional conservation considerations can be identified. We highlight the potential for commonly measured ionoregulatory traits to predict fundamental and realized chemical niches but caution that some traits may not serve as accurate predictors despite being important for understanding ionoregulatory mechanisms. As a sample application of our framework, the minimum pH distribution (realized niche) and survival limit pH (fundamental niche) of several North American fishes were determined by systematic review and were compared. We demonstrate that ionoregulatory capacity is significantly correlated with a realized niche for many species, highlighting the influence of ionoregulatory physiology on fish distribution patterns along chemical gradients. Our aim is that this framework will stimulate further research in this field and result in a broader integration of physiological data into conservation management decisions for inland waters.