bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Dosage Combination and Feeding Frequency on Growth and Survival Rate of Vannamei Shrimp Juveniles in Ponds
Authors: Zainuddin Z , Aslamyah S , Nur K , Hadijah
Published: December 2019

Vannamei shrimp production in Indonesia has experienced a rapid development in the last decade. One of the main problems in the cultivation of vannamei shrimp in ponds is the high use of artificial feed. This study aimed to examine the combination of feed dose and feeding frequency on the growth and survival rate of vannamei shrimp farmed in ponds. Vannamei shrimp juveniles were kept in square floating net cages (1 m x 1 m x 1.5 m) called hapa suspended in the ponds. The feed formulation used corn flour substituted with 50% sweet potato flour as a carbohydrate source. The research used a factorial Completely Randomised Design (CRD). The first factor was the feed dose (3%, 6% and 9% of shrimp bodyweight) and the second factor was the feeding frequency (3, 4 and 5 times per day). There were 3 replicates of each combination of treatments giving a total of 27 experimental units. The experiment lasted 8 weeks. The results showed a significant influence of treatment applied on the growth and survival of juvenile vannamei shrimp. The highest daily growth rate of shrimp was 3.98% obtained with the 3% feed dose treatment combined with the feeding frequency of 4 times per day. The highest survival rate of vannamei shrimp was 80%, obtained with a combination of 3% feed dose and feeding frequencies of 3 and 4 times per day.
Osteological study of Titan Trigger fish, Balistoides viridescens (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) (Balistidae: Tetraodontiformes) from the Spermonde Archipelago Waters
Authors: Afrisal M , Nurjirana  , Irmawati  , Burhanuddin A I
Published: December 2019

The aim of this research was to describe the osteology of Balistoides viridescens. The specimen described was collected from the Paotere Fish Market, Makassar City. The weight and total length of the specimen were 2.85 kg and 46 cm respectively. Osteological description was conducted after the specimen had been prepared and X-rayed. The specimen was cleaned and the flesh separated from the bones (skeleton) using a boiling method. The skeleton was then dried under the sun for 2 weeks. The dried bones were then prepared and arranged for osteological description. Photographs were taken with a Samsung EK-GC100 Camera. The results show that B. viridescens has a compressed body shape, a small mouth with incisiform teeth, 7 abdominal vertebrae, 7 pairs of ribs, 9 caudal vertebrae, and one urostyle vertebra.
Comparing skipjack tuna catch and oceanographic conditions at FAD locations in the Gulf of Bone and Makassar Strait
Authors: Hidayat R , Zainuddin M , Mallawa A , Mustapha M A , Putri A R S
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to compare the differences between characteristics of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) fishing grounds in the Gulf of Bone and in the Makassar Strait. We used catch size and volume data from FAD areas in the Gulf of Bone and Makassar Strait, and satellite image data including sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (CHL-a). We used ECDF (Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function) analysis to determine the relationship between the oceanographic variables and skipjack CPUEs that occurred in the Gulf of Bone and the Makassar Strait. The resulting data for the two fishing areas were then compared using the Spatial Analyst in ArcGIS 10.2. The analysis showed that the average SST and CHL in the Gulf of Bone (30°C and 0.3 mg m−3) were higher than those in the Makassar Strait (29.5°C and 0.24 mg m−3). The size of skipjack tuna caught in the two fishing areas was different. The mean total length of Skipjack tuna caught in the Makassar Strait was 23 cm, while in the Gulf of Bone it was 41 cm. There was little overlap in the size distributions. These data suggest that skipjack tuna caught around FADs in the Gulf of Bone tend to be larger than those in the Makassar Strait which may be stimulated by relatively higher productivity and thus feeding opportunity.
The introduced Banggai cardinal fish (Pterapogon kauderni) population in Ambon Island, Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo K , Arbi U Y , Vimono I B
Published: December 2019

The Banggai cardinalfish Pterapogon kauderni (commonly referred to as BCF) is a fish endemic to the Banggai Islands, Central Sulawesi. Recently, Banggai cardinalfish have been introduced to several regions in Indonesia as a side effect of Banggai cardinalfish trading and mariculture. BCF juveniles cultured by the Balai Perikanan Budidaya Laut (BPBL) Ambon were released in several locations around Ambon Bay during 2014 - 2017. Around 20 - 500 BCF were released at each location. This study was carried out in April 2018 as a first monitoring of Banggai cardinalfish population status at all “restocking” locations in Ambon Bay. The data were collected by SCUBA diving using a Belt Transect method, with BCF size classes based on standard length (SL). The results found Banggai cardinalfish at three out of five monitoring locations. The first location was the Ferry Port, where 20 Banggai cardinalfish were released in 2014; the BCF density was 41 fish/100 m2, dominated by adults (> 3.5 cm SL). The second location was behind the Natural Sciences Faculty of Pattimura University where 20 Banggai cardinalfish were also released in 2014; the density was 73 individuals/100 m2 (with evenly distributed size). The third location was the bridge behind the SUPM campus, where 500 Banggai cardinalfish were released in 2016, but only 2 fish/100 m2 (adults > 3.5 cm SL) were found during the study. No Banggai cardinalfish were found at the other two locations, namely the Port of Ambon and Suli Beach, although there were 500 individuals were released at each of those two locations in 2016 and 2017. These result shows that BCF have been able to adapt and breed rapidly in some coastal areas in Ambon Bay that provide suitable habitat for Banggai cardinalfish.
Grafting of Kappaphycus alvarezii seedlings using different seedling sources in Sasara Coastal Waters, Buton Utara, Southeast (SE) Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Armin  , Aslan L O M , Patadjai A B , Iba W , Yusnaeni  , Muskita W H.
Published: December 2019

Combining local seaweed thalli with tissue culture seedlings through grafting has been suggested as way to improve seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii seedling quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth of K. alvarezzi seedlings produced from a combination of three seedling sources using a straight connection grafting method. We applied the grafting method using local and tissue-cultured seedlings. The trials took place in the coastal waters of Sasara, Buton Utara, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia from January to April 2019. The grafting combinations were: tissue culture and local; tissue culture and tissue culture; and local with local. The bonding period for all combinations was 9 days after the initial insertion and the success rate was 91.66-93.33%. The grafted seedlings were then cultured for 45 days using a longline technique. The water temperature, salinity, and nitrate and phosphate concentrations affected grafting success. The salinity range was 29-33 ppt and water temperature was 28-32° C. Nitrate and phosphate ranges were 0.263-0.463 mg.L−1 and 0.112-0.218mg.L−1, respectively; turbidity was 1.59-2.35 NTU. The highest daily growth rate was obtained from the grafting of tissue cultured and local strain seedlings (6.51 ± 0.340%.day−1) whereas growth rate was lowest for the local with local grafts (5.76 ± 0.378%.day−1).
The Effect of Different Oblique Incision Length in Slide-Slipped Grafting using Tissue Cultured and Local Seedlings on the Growth of Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) in Sasara Coastal Waters, Kulisusu Bay, Buton Utara, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Hasriah R , Aslan L O M. , Iba W , Patadjai A B , Ruslaini  , Balubi M , Sulistiani E
Published: December 2019

This research was conducted for four months from January to May, 2019 in Sasara coastal Waters, Kulisusu Bay, Buton Utara, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia. The aim of this research was to determine the best oblique incision length (OIL) to use in slide-slipped grafting using tissue cultured and local seedlings in terms of the growth and carrageenan yield of the seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii. The treatments used in this study were A: 25-mm OIL, B: 30-mm OIL and C: 35-mm OIL. After 18 days, grafts using all OILs were successfully attached together. The new seedlings were then cultivated for 45 days. The results showed that the daily growth rate (DGR) did not differ significantly between treatments. The 25-mm OIL treatment had the highest DGR (3.98±0.97 %.day−1) followed by 35-mm OIL(3.90 ± 1.32%.day−1 and 30-mm OIL (3.69 ± 0.91 %.day−1). The ratio of fresh weight (FW) to dry weight (DW) also showed no significant differences among treatments. FW:DW ratios of treatments 25 mm OIL, 30 mm OIL, and 35 mm OIL were 8.13:1, 7.42:1, and 5.78:1, respectively. For carrageenan content, 30-mm OIL seedlings of showed higher content but it was not significantly different from the other treatments. Water quality parameters were: salinity 24-32 ppt; temperature 29-31 ° C; nitrate 0.336-0.432 mg.l−1; phosphate 0.195-0.542 ppm; and turbidity 3,124-9,331 NTU.
The effect of differences in feed protein raw materials on the glycogen content, metamorphosis rate of mangrove crab larvae (Scylla olivacea) and feed price
Authors: Haryati  , Fujaya Y , Saade E
Published: December 2019

Feed is one of the factors that determine the success of rearing mangrove crab larvae (Scylla olivacea). The use of artificial feed in the form of micro diet can guarantee higher availability and flexibility of feed. The artificial feed generally used is commercial produced and relatively expensive; therefore research is needed to produce good quality artificial feed at low prices. This study aimed to determine feed with certain protein raw materials that can replace commercial feed in terms of glycogen content of larvae, metamorphosis rate and feed price. The experimental design to determine the treatment effect on larval glycogen content was a completely randomized design of eight treatments with three replicates. The treatments were: A) 100% Artemia meal, B) 100% fish meal, C) 100% squid meal, D) 50% Artemia meal, 50% fish meal, E) 50% Artemia meal, 50% squid meal, F) 50% fish meal, 50% squid meal, G) 35% fish meal, 35% squid meal, 30% Artemia meal as raw material for feed protein and H) commercial feed. The rate of metamorphosis and price of feed were analysed descriptively. Results of the variance analysis showed that the difference in feed protein raw material had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the glycogen content of the megalopa stage larvae. The glycogen content in treatments C and E was not significantly different (p>0.05) but was higher and significantly different (p<0.05) than other treatments. Mangrove crab larvae in treatments A, C, E and F have reached the megalopa stage at the age of 18 days, while other treatments have only reached the new megalopa stage when the larvae were 19 days old. The lowest production cost of making the low budget feed is feed with protein raw material in the form of 100% fish meal and the most expensive one is feed with 100% raw material Artemia meal. Based on the result of this study, feed with protein raw material in the form of 100% squid meal can be used as a substitute for commercial feed, besides providing a better response to glycogen content and metamorphosis rate, the price of this feed is also cheaper than commercial feed.
Evaluating Ecotourism Development in Bontang: Water Quality, Compatibility, and Carrying Capacity
Authors: Aspiany  , Anggoro Sutrisno , Purwanti Frida , Gunawan Bambang Indratno
Published: December 2019

Marine and coastal tourism are both among the largest segments of the tourism industry and fastest growing local economic activities. However, tourism is also one of the main contributors to environmental depletion. This study aimed to evaluate the condition of the water quality, and the compatibility and the regional carrying capacity of the coastal area of Bontang City intended for marine tourism. Data were collected by purposive randomised sampling and used multicriteria analyses, based on the reference point methodology by adjusting parameters for each tourism category. The data were quantified using a matrix method then analysed descriptively. The results showed that the water quality qualified based on water quality standards with pollution index values of 0.72 and 0.80 for Kedindingan Island and Beras Basah Island, respectively. The tourist compatibility index for the mangrove tourism category was very suitable (80.7%), the snorkelling tourism category was appropriate (64.42%) and the beach tourism category also appropriate (78.6%). Furthermore, the regional carrying capacity was 392 people/day for the Beras Basah Island and 10,766 people/day for Kedindingan Island.
Preliminary study: human trampling effects on seagrass density
Authors: Nurdin N , Nafie Y La , Umar M T , Jamal M , Moore A
Published: December 2019

This preliminary study performed a small-scale experimental evaluation of the effects of trampling on tropical seagrass meadows. The study site was Barrang Lompo Island, in the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The experimental design comprised two trampling treatments (trampling by an adult and by children) and a control plot (no trampling). The trampling was carried out daily over a three week period. After trampling (adult or children), the detached seagrass leaf biomass was higher than uprooted seagrass biomass. Trampling by an adult had a greater effect on seagrass density than trampling by children. Three weeks after trampling ceased, both treatment plots exhibited substantial recovery, with final density closer to control density in the plot trampled by children.
Development strategy and increased production of seaweed in Takalar District
Authors: Tahang Hamzah , Latama Gunarto , Kasri
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to examine the development of seaweed in Takalar District. The method used in this study is a survey and direct interview using questionnaires and FGD (Focus Group Discussion) to various parties and stakeholders related to the production and development of seaweed. The study location is located in Takalar District Results The study of strategies for various aspects of development and productivity of seaweed can be applied with; 1) Expanding cultivation land and innovation and developing the latest cultivation technology, 2) Conducting gradual extension of seaweed farmers, 3) Development of seaweed processing industries, 4) Building nurseries to meet the availability of good quality seeds, 5) Conducting Training and Assistance in implementing the latest technological innovations, 6) Providing venture capital assistance and system improvement Warehouse Receipt 7) Scheduling seaweed cropping patterns, 8) Building and developing seaweed storage warehouses, 9) Developing new technologies to overcome pests and diseases in plants seaweed, 10) Conducting seaweed farmer institutional strengthening to strengthen the bargaining position of seaweed prices 11) Improving the quality of seaweed
Seasonal variation in growth and carrageenan yield of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty farmed using mass selection in Bungin Permai Coastal Waters, South Konawe District, Southeast (SE) Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Aslan La Ode M. , Patadjai Rahmad S. , Ruslaini  , Effendy Irwan J. , Sarita Abdul H. , Amina Siti , Nuraeni  , Armin
Published: December 2019

Two methods, tissue culture, and mass selection are generally used to improve the quality of the seedlings of the red algae K. alvarezii. Mass selection is relatively new to be adapted to the Indonesian seaweed farming. In this study we attempted to cultivate the seaweed for 10 months (February-November 2013) in Bungin Permai coastal waters, South Konawe, Indonesia. Cultivation was performed for 30 days of each cycle, using long-line method. Each rope contained had distance between clumps of 15-, 20-, 25- and 30-cm. The selection was carried out until 9th generation. The results showed that the daily growth rates (DGRs) among treatments were found to vary and tended to have seasonal variation. Minimum DGRs occurred in October while the maximum was in April/May. The DGRs range was from 3.81±1.80%/day to 8.32±1.12%/day while mean annual DGRs of 15-, 20-, 25- and 30- cm PD were 6.46±1.98, 6.62±2.00, 6.74±2.01, and 6.90±2.03%/day, respectively. No significant differences was found among four different planting distance. The mean carrageenan (semi-refined carrageenan/SRC) yields were varied among treatments and tended also to have seasonal variation. Minimum SRC of all treatments was varied and occurred in March/June while the maximum SRC were in May/October/November. The carrageenan yields range were from 31.53±2.04% to 48.91±5.05%. The highest mean annual SRC was recorded for 15-cm planting distance (PD) (42.02 ± 3.38%) followed by 30-cm PD (41.58 ± 2.95%), 20-cm PD (41.56 ± 6.03%) and 25-cm PD (41.45 ± 4.09%). The quality of cultivars produced from the selection met international specifications suggesting that mass selection for longer period could be ‘a new method” to produce better quality of seedlings.
Sungkur rolling ship with pushing operation method for fish and shrimp catching in the coastal waters
Authors: Rusmilyansari  , Rosadi Erwin , Iriansyah  , Wahab Aulia Azhar
Published: December 2019

Sungkur ship is used to catch fish and shrimp in the coastal waters of Tanah Laut Regency. The ship is operated actively in a push manner. This research aimed to: (1) Analyze the Sungkur ship enforcement arm during the fishing operation (2) Analyze the Sungkur rolling ship movement in regular wave beam seas conditions. The research was conducted in March-May 2018. The research used an experimental method of the fishing operation. Analysis of data through simulation and numerical using naval architecture formula and the results interpreted descriptively. Equipment that is used includes Sungkur fishery, camera, stationery, measuring instrument, water pass, slide, yarn, pendulum, GPS, stopwatch and computer. The results of study showed that the main dimension value ratio of sample ship L/B = 4.68-7.0, L/D = 5.0– 1.2, and B/D = 1.0-2.0. GZ enforcement arm during operation of the Sungkur ship was above the minimum standard value that has been set IMO that is equal to 0.675. Rolling highs at 14.4° with a wave height of -0.46 m and the lowest rolling at -14.4° with a wave height of 0.46 m.
Blue-forest in mangrove area at Kuri Caddi hamlet, Nisombalia Village, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Usman Andi Hurul Auni , Palimbunga Meta Dilianti , Basir Basran Nur , Aswar  , Baharuddin Ma’rifa , Taskirawati Ira
Published: December 2019

Kuri Caddi is located in Nisombalia village, Maros regency, South Sulawesi which has the potential of mangroves and marine ecosystems that are quite extensive and still maintained. This potential then attracts the attention of local tourists and foreign tourists. Communication in English is an obstacle Kuri Caddi community to interact with foreign tourists. An activity called Blue-Forest aims to improve communication skills in using the English language to support the sustainability of mangrove in the hamlet attractions Kuri Caddi. English-card and English speaking is the method used to support these activities. The results of this activity were the increased knowledge of the English language as measured by pre-test and post-test. only 20% of people in Kuri Caddi could answer questions on the pre-test, whereas in post-test, have seen some people who have increased up to 70% in material English card. As for English speaking occurred an increase of 50% from previous pre-test results.
Impact of tsunami Sunda Strait to coastal tourism in Tanjung Lesung Special Economic Zone Pandeglang Regency Banten Province
Authors: Mulyawati LS , Adrianto L , Soewandi K , Susanto HA
Published: December 2019

The coastal area is one of the natural magnificence that is visited by many tourists because it has unique attraction such as white sand, exotic waves, unique coral reef, and beautiful natural scenery. The natural magnificence must be maintained by a variety of damages due to human activities and natural processes such as the tsunami. The impact of the tsunami disaster, in addition to psychological trauma also had an impact on the condition of the objects of tourist attraction, which eventually led to a decline in the number of tourists. Some damage to tourist objects and attractions studied in this paper include spatial conditions, changes in the transparency of seawater on the coast and the condition of existing coral reef. The analysis was carried out by comparing the conditions before and after the impact of the tsunami at Tanjung Lesung Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in December 22th 2018. Through this analysis, it is expected that the management of coastal tourism in the after tsunami Tanjung Lesung SEZ can be carried out more comprehensive and sustainable. Therefore coastal tourism activities will still provide benefits both ecologically and economically for community, government and private administrator of SEZ.
Satellite image analysis and GIS approaches for tsunami vulnerability assessment
Authors: Sambah A B , Tri Djoko L , Bayu R
Published: December 2019

Dynamic interactions of the land zone and the ocean, human activities, and also natural hazards such as tsunamis can affect the changing of coastal areas. Tsunami historical events illustrated that the topographic elevation of the coastal area could be important physical parameters for creating tsunami vulnerability areas. The integrated approaches of spatial multi-criteria in the term of Geographical Information System (GIS), the analysis of satellite image, and social parameter analysis were used to map the risk area due to tsunami. This study tried to assess the distribution of tsunami vulnerability area in coastal area of Banten, western part of Java Island, Indonesia. The study applied GIS analysis, satellite image analysis, and the integration of participatory approaches through Analytical Hierarchy Process for the tsunami vulnerability assessment. Vulnerability parameters applied elevation, slope, coastal proximity, coastal shape, and land use is divided into five classes of vulnerability. Based on the land use parameter, plantation area was the widest area included in the category of medium class of tsunami vulnerability, while the very high class of tsunami vulnerability was the irrigated rice field. Very high vulnerability areas were found in the west coastal areas of the sub-districts of Labuan Pagelaran, Patia, Sukaresmi, and Panimbang. The results illustrated in this study can be used as one of the important basic information for creating tsunami risk map. SIG based analysis can aid in a wide range of disaster assessment and facilitate regional planning for management and mitigation of natural disasters such as tsunamis.
Histopathology of liver and intestine of pangkilan bare fish (Oryzias matanensis) Polluted by nickel and iron in Lake Matano, South Sulawesi
Authors: Fahmi Ummi , Andriani Irma , Salmah Shelly , Hatta Triany Hastuti , Omar Sharifuddin Bin Andi , Sari Dwi Kesuma
Published: December 2019

Pangkilan Bare fish or Matano Medaka fish (Oryzias matanensis) is one of the most endemic species of freshwater fish that lives on Lake Matano. The purpose of this study was to determine the histopathology of the liver and intestines of the Matano Medaka fish contaminated by iron and nickel. The samples used were 6 fish with average size was 48.36 mm ± 0.74 mm. Samples were then processed with host technique analysis. Based on the results of this study obtained histopathological change that occurs in the liver and intestine in the form of hemorrhage, necrosis, fat degeneration, hydropic degeneration, lysis of hepatocytes and numerous melano macrophage. The results of measuring the water content of Matano lake contain iron (Fe) <0.03 mg / L and nickel (Ni) <0.07 mg / L. Therefore, the results of measurements of metal content in Matano lake sediments contain iron (Fe) 3.08% and nickel (Ni) 0.15%. The results of these measurements averaged above the threshold. Therefore, the high concentration of metals is thought to have a relationship with the abnormal tissue of fish organs observed in this study.
Stability of chocolate bars fortified with nanocapsules carotenoid of Spirulina platensis
Authors: Ekantari Nurfitri , Budhiyanti Siti Ari , Fitriya Wahdan , Hamdan Asep Bayu , Riaty Ciacia
Published: December 2019

A chocolate bar and products is a universal product, suitable as a vehicle for fortified spirulina to enhance premium nutrition. This study was conducted to determine the stability of milk and dark chocolate fortified nanocapsule carotenoids of Spirulina platensis. The base of chocolate formula was designed by community industry of chocolate bar in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Two types of chocolate (milk and dark) are fortified with nanocapsules carotenoid of Spirulina. The composition of chocolate paste: cocoa butter is 27.5:25 (milk) and 58:24,5 (dark), nanocapsule was added amount 0.372%. Fortified and control product were tested on 80 untrained panelists. The results showed that fortified chocolate did not show differences in aroma, taste, and texture with control. The dominant profile of aroma and chocolate flavor between fortified products and controls in the milk or dark chocolate was detected similar components but the intensity is slightly different. Fortified chocolate with nanocapsules spirulina showed the flat bloom development was lower than control. The equation of regression of milk chocolate stated linear regression curve (y = 1.5655 + 27,611) and dark chocolate (y = 1.2713 x + 26.559). Fat blooming reaches the limit of the white index number (> 31.5) in milk chocolate appear at the 6th month of storage and the dark one start at the 9th. The results showed dark chocolate has a shelf life 1.5 times longer than milk.
Implementation of coral propagation for coral reef garden in Nusa Dua, Bali
Authors: Ampou E E , Hutasoit P , Janetski N , Yusuf S , Damar A , Petta C , Hutahaean A A
Published: December 2019

MARRS (Mars Assisted Reef Restoration System) is an artificial reef method that resembles spider webs and has been implemented in several regions of Indonesia, including Samuh beach, Nusa Dua, Bali. Since July - October 2018, 761 MARRS units, supporting a total of ± 10,600 coral fragments, have been installed. The aim of this research is to provide an initial investigation into establishing a mini-coral reef park in Indonesia. Monitoring was done by identifying habitat geomorphology methods with photo transects and coral propagation status in MARRS using the random visual census method. From the process of habitat geomorphology classification in the artificial reef network, there were 9 types of habitat classified on the fringing reef, reef flats and fore reefs. Ten hard coral species from the Scleractinia group were identified from 10 randomly-selected and monitored MARRS units: Acropora formosa, A. hyacinthus, Pocillopora verucosa, P. damicornis, Psammocora sp., Symphyllia sp., Stylophora pistillata, Turbinaria sp., Echinopora sp. and Favites sp. Three significant coral factors were found to be present within the coral propagation system: resistance, competition and predators.
Economically important sea cucumber processing techniques in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Aprianto R , Amir N , Kasmiati  , Matusalach  , Fahrul  , Syahrul  , Tresnati J , Tuwo A , Nakajima M
Published: December 2019

Sea cucumbers are fisheries commodities that have important economic value. Indonesia is the largest producer of sea cucumbers in the world, and South Sulawesi Province is the largest producer of sea cucumbers in Indonesia. Although the export volume of Indonesian dried sea cucumbers or trepang is large, the export value is not high due to the low quality of trepang. This study aims to examine the techniques or method of sea cucumber processing in two locations in South Sulawesi where sea cucumbers are processed to produce trepang. The study was conducted by observing the processing stages used in the Sembilan Islands Sub-District, Sinjai Regency and Labbakkang Sub-District, Pangkep Regency. The study found that, in general, the basic stages in trepang processing were removal of the viscera, salting, boiling and drying. The most prominent difference in the processing of trepang in the two research areas was the lack of a fumigation process. In other countries where the quality of trepang is better; the process of fumigation is an important stage to increase the durability and aroma of trepang.
The utilization of mobile base station in cadastre surveying
Authors: Setiawan Achmad , Syaifullah Arief , Kusmiarto
Published: December 2019

A baseline is one of the problems in the Continously Operating Referrence Stations (CORS) utilization using the Real Time Kinematic-Networked Transport RTCM via InternetProtocol (RTK-NTRIP) method. A long baseline becomes a constraint to solving ambiguity resolution. It causes correction loss and the receivers need a long time to receive a fixed solution. Therefore, a base station can be installed closer to the measurement site, so it is movable and not permanent. It is called a mobile base station, which makes the baseline shorter. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the level of efficiency and precision from the utilization of mobile base station. The same samples were measured twice from the two different stations: the base station and the mobile base station. The results show that the average observation duration using the mobile base station is 1.27 minutes, while directly from the base station is 10.73 minutes. The mobile base station can improve the measurement efficiency by 11.84%. The lateral difference is 0.026-0.168 metres for agricultural area and 0.025-0.153 metres for residential area. The difference of land parcels area stay within the allowable tolerance of ± 0.5/L.
Alteration and Ore Mineralogy Of Metamorphic Rocks Hosted Hydrothermal Gold Deposit At Rumbia Mountains, Bombana Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Hasria  , Idrus Arifudin , Wayan Warmada I
Published: December 2019

In Indonesia, gold is commonly mined from porphyry, epithermal and skarn type deposits that are commonly found in volcanic/magmatic belts. However, were recently numerous gold prospects discovered in association with metamorphic rocks. This paper is intended to describe an alteration and ore mineralogy hosted by metamorphic rocks at Rumbia mountains, Bombana regency, Southeast Sulawesi province, Indonesia. The study area is found the placer and primary gold hosted by metamorphic rocks. The placer gold is evidently derived from gold-bearing quartz veins hosted by Pompangeo Metamorphic Complex (PMC). This study is conducted in three stages, three stages including desk study, field work and laboratory analysis. Desk study mainly covers literature reviews. Field work includes mapping of surface geology, alteration and ore mineralization as well as sampling of representative rocks types, altered rocks and gold-bearing veins. Laboratory analysis includes the petrologic observation of handspecimen samples, petro graphic analysis of the thin section and ore microscopy for polished section and XRD(X-ray diffraction)analysis. From petrographic observation, the type of alteration found in the study area can be divided into six types including sericitization, argillic, inner propylitic, propylitic, carbonization and carbonatization alterations. These quartz veins are currently recognized in metamorphic rocks at Rumbia mountains. Mineralogically, gold is closely related to chalcopyrite, pyrite, hematite, cinnabar, stibnite and possibly minor goethite. Based on those characteristics, it obviously indicates that the primary gold deposit present in the study area is of orogenic gold deposits type. The orogenic gold deposit is one of the new targets for exploration in Indonesia.
The Study of Hydrothermal Alteration and Type Study of Primary Tin Mineralization in Tsk. Pengarem, Southern Bangka Island
Authors: Franto  , Subagyo P. , Lucas D.S.
Published: December 2019

Research on hydrothermal alteration mineral and mineralization type of primary tin was conducted in Pengarem village, South Bangka District. This research attempted to find out the type and mineralogy alteration of the site. The methodology involved lithological and structural observation, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Litho logy constructing the bed was commonly sandstone unit. The developing alteration in this site consisted of argilic zone that characterized by clay minerals such as kaolinite and ilite. Primary tin mineralization developing in this site was polymetallic vein mineralization. The veins developed in sandstone unit, had relatively small size, and spreaded locally. The veins were consisted of quartz unit carrying tin mineralization (cassiterite) and associated with zinc oxide minerals that were ilmenite and hematite. The typical tin mineralization in this site was mineralization in gozzan unit, and was the result of supergene process carried by mineral cassiterite that associated with minerals iron oxide such as ilmenite and goethite.
Behavior of Swelling Pressure of Expansive Soil within The Active Zone of Surabaya Citraland
Authors: Indarto  , Hosen Denny , Prayitno Adi
Published: December 2019

The ability of expansive soils to swell and shrink causes damage to the structures, especially for light buildings and pavements. Generally, swells and shrinks this expansive soil due to changes in water content in the active zone. This paper is a study about behavior of swelling pressure of expansive soil within the active zone. This research using undisturbed samples of soil that was taken from Surabaya Citraland. The experiment of swelling pressure was started from the samples with natural water content, furthermore a series of swelling pressure experiments is performed for a series of samples that was added or subtracted by some water to increase or decrease its water content. Repeated swelling pressure experiments were also performed for a sample that has undergone a drying-wetting cycle repetition. The experiment shows that swelling pressure decrease with increasing of water content of soil, in other side the swelling pressure of expansive soil remain constant after sixth repetition of swelling pressure experiment.
Waterflooding Development Prediction in Carbonate Reservoir at Field X using Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Fazilani Novia , Kasmungin Sugiatmo
Published: December 2019

Field X consist of a carbonate reservoir, producing since April 2014 with only 2 existing wells present, which is well NF-01 and NF-02. Production history of the field was performed from year 2014 until 2016. The original oil in place of Field X is 9.204 MMSTB (volumetric) and 9.0308 MMSTB (simulation). A method of optimizing Field X is Waterflooding after primary recovery has been done. In this study, the software used for the development of Field ‘X’ is Computer Modeling Group (CMG) IMEX Black Oil, by applying waterflooding as a method of optimizing the field, the optimization can be determined based on the consideration of various development scenarios. Reservoir simulation process consists of several steps which are; data preparation, model and grid construction, initialisation, history matching and prediction forecast. All the data up until history matching was given and the focus of this paper is to evaluate and predict several scenarios. The period of development is done for 19 years which is until December 2035. Several scenarios predicted were In-fill, conversion of wells, peripheral, 5-spot patterns and pilot studies. As the prediction developments were conducted, recovery from each scenario varies. These scenarios are then compared to be able to find the optimum result. After simulating several scenarios of as follows; infill-18 wells, infill-26 wells, infill-horizontal wells, covert all non-producing wells, peripheral wells, invert and normal 5-spot wells and comparing the recovery factor, it can be said that waterflooding implementation was insignificant as there were only a slight increase in recovery factor. The optimum scenario from waterflooding implementation is the peripheral pattern with a recovery factor of 38.17%.
Emotional Responses to Stressors in Everyday Life Predict Long-Term Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Zhaoyang Ruixue , Scott Stacey B , Smyth Joshua M , Kang Jee-Eun , Sliwinski Martin J
Published: December 2019

Background

Individuals’ emotional responses to stressors in everyday life are associated with long-term physical and mental health. Among many possible risk factors, the stressor-related emotional responses may play an important role in future development of depressive symptoms.

Purpose

The current study examined how individuals’ positive and negative emotional responses to everyday stressors predicted their subsequent changes in depressive symptoms over 18 months.

Methods

Using an ecological momentary assessment approach, participants (n = 176) reported stressor exposure, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) five times a day for 1 week (n = 5,483 observations) and provided longitudinal reports of depressive symptoms over the subsequent 18 months. A multivariate multilevel latent growth curve model was used to directly link the fluctuations in emotions in response to momentary stressors in everyday life with the long-term trajectory of depressive symptoms.

Results

Adults who demonstrated a greater difference in stressor-related PA (i.e., relatively lower PA on stressor vs. nonstressor moments) reported larger increases in depressive symptoms over 18 months. Those with greater NA responses to everyday stressors (i.e., relatively higher NA on stressor vs. nonstressor moments), however, did not exhibit differential long-term changes in depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Adults showed a pattern consistent with both PA and NA responses to stressors in everyday life, but only the stressor-related changes in PA (but not in NA) predicted the growth of depressive symptoms over time. These findings highlight the important—but often overlooked—role of positive emotional responses to everyday stressors in long-term mental health.
Continuous variation in herkogamy enhances the reproductive response of Lonicera implexa to spatial variation in pollinator assemblages
Authors: Lázaro Amparo , Seguí Jaume , Santamaría Luis
Published: December 2019

Herkogamy, the spatial separation of sex organs in hermaphroditic plants, has been proposed as a mechanism to reduce self-pollination and the associated processes of inbreeding and gamete wastage. Longitudinal herkogamy is the most frequent type, with two subtypes: approach herkogamy (anthers below the stigma), which is associated with diverse pollinator arrays, and reverse herkogamy (anthers above the stigma), associated with specialized, long-tongued pollinators. By using a herkogamy index that varied continuously from negative (reverse herkogamy) to positive (approach herkogamy) values, we studied the effect of continuous variation in herkogamy on pollinator attraction, selfing capability and plant fitness across three populations of Lonicera implexa differing in the relative abundance of long-tongued vs. short-tongued pollinators. Reverse herkogamy was significantly more frequent in the population where long-tongued pollinators were dominant than in the other two populations. Agreeing with this, the main floral visitors of L. implexa individuals with small and large herkogamy index were, respectively, long-tongued and short-tongued pollinators. Spontaneous selfing was low and increased with increasing herkogamy index (i.e. with approach herkogamy), although most of it occurred when there was close distance between anthers and stigma. Fruit production was unrelated to the herkogamy index in the population with long-tongued pollinators, but it increased with approach herkogamy (higher herkogamy index) in the other two populations. In contrast, seeds of individuals with reverse herkogamy (smaller herkogamy indices) germinated better. In this species, continuous variation in herkogamy might function as a reproductive strategy, as different morphotypes might be favoured by different pollinator assemblages.
SCDC: bulk gene expression deconvolution by multiple single-cell RNA sequencing references
Authors: Dong Meichen , Thennavan Aatish , Urrutia Eugene , Li Yun , Perou Charles M , Zou Fei , Jiang Yuchao
Published: December 2019

Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enable characterization of transcriptomic profiles with single-cell resolution and circumvent averaging artifacts associated with traditional bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. Here, we propose SCDC, a deconvolution method for bulk RNA-seq that leverages cell-type specific gene expression profiles from multiple scRNA-seq reference datasets. SCDC adopts an ENSEMBLE method to integrate deconvolution results from different scRNA-seq datasets that are produced in different laboratories and at different times, implicitly addressing the problem of batch-effect confounding. SCDC is benchmarked against existing methods using both in silico generated pseudo-bulk samples and experimentally mixed cell lines, whose known cell-type compositions serve as ground truths. We show that SCDC outperforms existing methods with improved accuracy of cell-type decomposition under both settings. To illustrate how the ENSEMBLE framework performs in complex tissues under different scenarios, we further apply our method to a human pancreatic islet dataset and a mouse mammary gland dataset. SCDC returns results that are more consistent with experimental designs and that reproduce more significant associations between cell-type proportions and measured phenotypes.
Solitary bee pollinators adjust pollen foraging to the unpredictable flower opening of a species of Petunia (Solanaceae)
Authors: De Araujo Fernanda Figueiredo , Oliveira Reisla , Mota Theo , Stehmann João Renato , Schlindwein Clemens
Published: December 2019

Details of the foraging patterns of solitary bees are much less well known than those of social species, and these patterns are often adjusted to exploit floral resources of one or only a few species. The specialized flower-visiting bees of Petunia are good models for investigating such foraging patterns. Here we analysed the floral biology and pollen presentation schedule of the endangered Petunia mantiqueirensis in mixed Araucaria forests of Serra da Mantiqueira, Brazil. Pollinators and their pollen foraging behaviour and food specialization were determined through analyses of scopa pollen loads. Flowers opened throughout the day and presented all their pollen resources within the first 30 min of anthesis, thus providing their pollen resources in an asynchronous fashion in one-flower packages throughout the day. Females of Pseudagapostemon fluminensis were the most frequent flower visitors, contacting stigmas in 96% of their visits, and were the unique effective pollinators of Petunia mantiqueirensis. These pollinators were responsible for the first three visits to 115 individually monitored flowers at any daylight hour, removing ~86% of a flower’s total pollen supply during the first visit. Although female bees harvest the majority of pollen resources of Petunia mantiqueirensis, analyses of scopa loads revealed that most of them also collect pollen from plants of other families while foraging for pollen in Petunia flowers.
Temperature-Mediated Competition Between the Invasive Larger Grain Borer (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and the Cosmopolitan Maize Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Quellhorst Hannah , Athanassiou Christos G , Bruce Alexander , Scully Erin D , Morrison William R
Published: December 2019

Interspecific competition between agricultural pests may affect the species that can establish, and may also affect food production. Prostephanus truncatus (Horn), the larger grain borer, is endemic to Central America, but invaded Africa with disastrous consequences for maize production. Its main competitor is Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, the maize weevil, which is cosmopolitan. These insects co-occur in many regions of the world and both are threats to maize. However, the impact of competition between these two species is not well-understood, nor is its effect on grain quality or potential to limit P. truncatus invasion in new areas. The aims of our study were to evaluate the outcome of interspecific competition between P. truncatus and S. zeamais at four different temperatures on a fixed quantity of grain, and determine effects on progeny production, grain damage, and mold growth. We found that coexistence may be possible at a range of 25–30°C, but mixed colonies experienced a direct competitive cost compared to single-species colonies. Prostephanus truncatus performed better at warmer temperatures, while S. zeamais favored cooler temperatures. The majority of grain damage was the result of P. truncatus activity as opposed to S. zeamais. Finally, mold growth was greater where both species were present, and species of mold that produce aflatoxin were identified. Although there are an increasing number of areas where both of these species occur, our results suggest P. truncatus will be capable of destroying much more maize in a shorter period compared to S. zeamais at temperatures greater than 25°C.
Complex sleeve lobectomy has the same surgical outcome when compared with conventional lobectomy in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Inci Ilhan , Benker Martina , Çitak Necati , Schneiter Didier , Caviezel Claudio , Hillinger Sven , Opitz Isabelle , Weder Walter
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVES

No significant data are available to assess whether complex sleeve lobectomy (complex-SL) can be considered comparable to conventional lobectomy (CL) in terms of surgical outcome. The purpose of this study was to compare surgical and oncological outcomes of complex-SL with CL in patients with lung cancer.

METHODS

Between 2000 and 2015, a total of 568 patients who underwent open CL (defined as resection of only 1 lobe) and 187 patients who underwent SL were analysed. The SL group was divided into 2 subgroups: standard-SL (bronchial SL, n = 106) and complex-SL (n = 81) (defined as bronchial sleeve resection together with another surgical intervention: bronchovascular SL, n = 40; vascular SL, n = 26; atypical bronchoplasty with resection of more than 1 lobe, n = 12; bronchial SL + chest wall resection, n = 3).

RESULTS

The complex-SL group had more patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (25.9% vs 12.5%, P = 0.001), neoadjuvant treatment (39.5% vs 12.0%, P < 0.001), advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (53.2% vs 33.1%, P = 0.001) and low preoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 s (77.2% vs 84.3%, P = 0.004) than the CL group. The overall surgical mortality (in-hospital or 30-day) was 2.6% (n = 20); it was 2.8% for CL and 2.8% for complex-SL. Postoperative complications occurred in 34.9% of the CL group and 39.5% of the complex-SL group (P = 0.413). The pulmonary complication rate was similar between the groups (24.1% for CL, 27.2% for complex-SL, P = 0.552). The 5-year survival in the CL group was 57.1%, and in the complex-SL group it was 56.2% (P = 0.888). Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage (P < 0.001) and N status (P < 0.001) were significant and independent negative prognostic factors for survival.

CONCLUSIONS

Complex-SL had a comparable outcome to CL, although the complex-SL group had more patients with advanced-stage NSCLC, low preoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 s and COPD.