bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leadership Of Global Carbon Market
Authors: Hashmi M. Anaam
Published: February 2016

Carbon credits trading and the need to reduce carbon emissions are slowly being accepted as new realities of global business. A number of institutions played crucial role in developing the global carbon market. The World Bank Group, the World Resource Institute, the Institutional Investor’s Group on Climate Change, and the Carbon Disclosure Project are some of the pioneers in developing the global carbon industry. The United States government did not assume the leadership role of the global carbon market as expected by world governments and corporations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the United States government’s position vis-à-vis the global carbon market and explore the leadership role played by other global institutions.
Technical Efficiency Of Social Foundations In A Multidimensional Context
Authors: Dorado Imelda S. , Cabanda Emilyn
Published: February 2016

The paper is the first attempt at examining the technical efficiency and benchmarking the performance of 15 social foundations in the Philippines for the period 2000-2005 using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The 65.55% of social foundations are operating at increased returns to scale, 4.45% at decreased returns to scale and 30% at constant returns to scale. Forty percent of firms are efficiently utilizing their expenses and the majority shows resource excesses (capital and labor). All firms show output deterioration for donations and total awards to beneficiaries. With the aid of the DEA tool, measurement of the efficiency of social foundations has been verified and proven as manageable and quantifiable from a multidimensional assessment. Results reveal the importance of technical efficiency assessment for the non-profit sector.
The Effect Of Chief Risk Officer (CRO) On Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Practices: Evidence From Malaysia
Authors: Daud Wan Norhayate Wan Daud , Yazid Ahmad Shukri , Hussin Hj Mohd Rasid
Published: February 2016

This study investigates the level of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) adoption within the Public Listed Companies (PLCs) in Malaysia and the influence of Chief Risk Officers (CROs) on ERM practices. Included in this particular study is a comprehensive survey on 500 companies from the main board of public listed companies in the Malaysian Bourse. Key findings of this research work reveal that only 42% of the companies surveyed have completely adopted ERM and based on regression analyses, the ‘quality’ of CROs has a strong influence on the level of ERM adoption within the PLCs involved in the survey.
Relocating Millions: The Chinese Answer To Development
Authors: Coll-Reilly Joan
Published: February 2016

A typical scenario in China today is to move millions of citizens at the will of the government.  Reasons for the movement of people range from technological advancement, to revamping cities, to aiding developers in utilizing prime real estate for the advantage of the state.  Advancement of the country as a whole is a touted as a desirable objective.  Individual wishes are not considered. Westerners question the motives of the government and the ethical implications of moving millions merely to serve the government’s goals.
Characteristics Of The Unemployed In Canada: Leavers, Losers And Layoffs
Authors: Chhinzer Nita N. , Ababneh Khaldoun I.
Published: February 2016

This research identifies the need to disaggregate unemployed persons into job leaver, job loser and job layoff categorizations. Multinominal logit regression on Labor Force Survey data (n=38,546) confirms that demographic, human capital and work-related variables account for almost a third of the variance in likelihood to fall into the disaggregated unemployment categories in Canada.
The Social Responsibility Of Labor
Authors: Carroll Norman , Burke Molly
Published: February 2016

In the ongoing discussion about corporate social responsibility, little attention has been paid to the social responsibility of the other factor of production - labor.  The modern perspective is that major economic players have an external impact on society that generates social costs that are paid by the community. The emerging view is that, for the sustainability of the community, these players must contribute in a positive way by covering these social costs and participating in the life of the community.  This paper examines the extent to which unionized labor, as a major economic player, is assuming positions of social responsibility in the national and local communities. It suggests that by developing a boarder social vision, the American labor movement could revitalize itself.
Influence Of Emotional Intelligence On Work-Family Role Conflict Management And Reduction In Withdrawal Intentions Of Workers In Private Organizations
Authors: Akintayo D.I.
Published: February 2016

This study investigated the impact of emotional intelligence on work-family role conflict management and reduction in withdrawal intentions among workers in private organizations in Nigeria. The descriptive survey was adopted for the study. A total of 321 respondents were selected using a purposive stratified sampling technique.  Three sets of questionnaires entitled ‘Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), Work-Family Role Conflict Management Scale (WFCMS) and Withdrawal Intentions Scales` (WIS) were utilized for data collection. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test statistics were utilized for data analysis. The findings of this study revealed that emotional intelligence has significant influence on work-family role conflict management. It was also found that a significant relationship does not exist between emotional intelligence and reduction in withdrawal intentions. Moreover, the findings showed that a significant relationship exists between work-family role conflict management and withdrawal intentions.  In order to possibly guarantee effective management of work-family role conflict and foster reduction in withdrawal intentions among the workforce, it is recommended that human resource training programmes that are capable of incorporating some work-oriented psychological issues, such as work-family role conflict management, employee retention strategies and emotional intelligence, should be organized for workers and managers on a continuous basis   in both service and manufacturing organizations.
SME Governance: Converging Definitions And Expanding Expectations
Authors: Banham Heather , He Yunke
Published: February 2016

Recent events have focussed attention on corporate governance resulting in expectations for greater responsibility to shareholders and increasing obligations to an expanding group of stakeholders.  Our research explores the application of the increased emphasis on corporate governance in the SME context including application of the converging definitions and expanding expectations and some specific challenges.
The Effect Of Place Of Origin On The Relative Earnings Of Immigrant Women
Authors: Garg Mahi , Seeborg Michael C.
Published: February 2016

This paper explores the earnings differentials between female immigrants from 14 places of origin when compared to each other and a number of other groups.   The very large differences in average earnings between female immigrant groups are found to be largely due to human capital and family characteristic differences.  The study employs OLS regression to make earnings comparisons between immigrant women from each of the 14 places of origin to three reference groups.  We find that although female immigrants from most countries are doing well relative to female natives, they fall significantly behind native males and male immigrants, even after controlling for differences in human capital.  Thus, some groups of immigrant women suffer a double disadvantage in the U.S. workforce, one due to gender and the other due to their relatively low levels of human capital.
The China-India Challenge: A Comparison Of Causes And Effects Of Global Warming
Authors: Diener Betty J. , Frank William P.
Published: February 2016

It is likely that the future environment of our globe depends on the actions taken by China and India as they develop into two of the three largest economies in the world over the next twenty-five years.  The global warming problem alone will be dominated by the total greenhouse gas emissions from these two countries.  This article summarizes the economic growth of these two countries, the resulting increasing environmental problems, the trends and impacts of increased energy consumption, the trends and impacts of greenhouse gas emissions, and the potential for reducing these impacts, should the two countries have the will to do so.
Globalization Of Entrepreneurship: Policy Considerations For SME Development In Indonesia
Authors: Bhasin Balbir B. , Venkataramany Sivakumar
Published: February 2016

SMEs are of overwhelming importance to the young and growing economies of most Southeast Asian nations, including Indonesia.  The country is a vast polyglot archipelago, struggling with poverty and unemployment, poor and inadequate infrastructure, rampant corruption, insufficient capital, and unequal distribution of resources.  It has recently experienced fundamental changes in political governance, regional empowerment, and economic structures as a result of the Asian Financial Crisis, coupled with widespread social unrest which resulted in the ouster of the authoritarian regime of President Suharto. This paper evaluates the existing private sector development policy in Indonesia, which has been found to be both ambivalent and inconsistent. The Guided Democracy and Guided Economy policies of the post-independence era were socialist in nature.  The subsequent New Order regime provided preferred treatment to selected segments of society.  In order to succeed in promoting SME development to advance the welfare of the economically weak groups, the newly launched programs need to be fine-tuned to allow for the establishment of a favorable and non-discriminative investment climate. There is much that Indonesia can learn from the experience of India and Singapore in implementing meaningful policy that can effectively promote SME development, especially in the production, distribution and service sectors in a global context.  Policies have to be market-oriented, demand-driven and not dominated by government agencies which, in the past, have failed to provide services relevant to the actual needs of SMEs.
Determinants Of Economic Growth: Evidence From American Countries
Authors: Zhuang Hong , St. Juliana Robert
Published: February 2016

This paper explores determinants of economic growth using variables from traditional Solow model and recent empirical studies. The study covers data on American countries during the period 1995-2006.  The estimates show that per capita, GDP growth is positively related to capital expenditure, primary completion rate and trade openness and the relationship is statistically significant. Furthermore, population growth rate and investment in research and development have positive impacts on economic growth, yet the effects are not significant.
Entrepreneurial Productivity: Sectoral Contribution To The GDP Of A Developing Economy
Authors: Nwakanma Prince C. , Nwakanma Hudson , Thompkins Gail
Published: February 2016

Using macroeconomic data for the period 1992-2004, this paper applies Granger’s causality adjusted regression model to examine the sectoral contribution to the gross domestic product, as a proxy for entrepreneurial productivity in Nigeria. The study found that only agricultural production and industrial/service output Granger caused changes in GDP, whereas oil production, capacity utilization and non-oil exports had no causality with GDP. The study concludes that oil output and non-oil exports are not significantly contributing to the economy and manufacturing capacity is grossly underutilized. The study recommends increased promotion of non-oil export; an improved operating financial environment; and, greater Nigerian content in the oil sector for increased entrepreneurial productivity.
The Effects Of Unions On Wages By Occupation In The Public Sector
Authors: Bitzan John D. , Bahrami Bahman
Published: February 2016

This study examines union wage premiums by occupation in the public sector in the U.S. for the 2000-2004 period.  In examining union-nonunion wage differences for public sector workers in occupations accounting for 66 percent of all public workers in the 2000-2004 Current Population Survey, we find positive and statistically significant union premiums for 27 out of 41 occupations examined.  We also find large differences among occupations, with miscellaneous teachers and instructors receiving a 61 percent premium, secretaries and administrative assistants receiving a 5 percent premium, and 14 occupations receiving no statistically significant premium.  In comparing union premiums by occupation between the private and public sectors, we find, in most cases, that private sector premiums are larger than public sector premiums.  Finally, an Oaxaca decomposition shows that the majority of the differential between private sector union premiums and public sector union premiums appears to be due to differences in the way unions reward workers in the private and public sectors, not because of differences in the types of workers in the private and public sectors.
Forecasting Real U.S. House Prices: Principal Components Versus Bayesian Regressions
Authors: Gupta Rangan , Kabundi Alain
Published: February 2016

This paper analyzes the ability of principal component regressions and Bayesian regression methods under Gaussian and double-exponential prior in forecasting the real house prices of the United States (U.S.), based on a monthly dataset of 112 macroeconomic variables. Using an in-sample period of 1992:01 to 2000:12, Bayesian regressions are used to forecast real U.S. house prices at the twelve-months-ahead forecast horizon over the out-of-sample period of 2001:01 to 2004:10. In terms of the Mean Square Forecast Errors (MSFEs), our results indicate that a principal component regression with only one factor is best-suited for forecasting the real U.S. house prices. Among the Bayesian models, the regression based on the double exponential prior outperforms the model with Gaussian assumptions.
The Thai Financial Crisis And The Sufficiency Economy Philosophy
Authors: Bunyasrie Vilasinee
Published: February 2016

This article revisits the financial crisis in 1997 using the sufficiency economy philosophy bestowed by His Majesty the King Bhumibol Adulyadej, shading some light on what went wrong, the lessons learnt, and possibly what can be done to prevent such crisis from happening again. The origin of the crisis was the fact that Thai economy grew too fast with the help of the financial liberalization in early 1990s. This rapid growth, however, violated the three elements of the sufficiency economy, which are moderation, reasonableness and self-immunity, in turns, exposed the country to trouble. On July 2, 1997, Thai land had to let the baht float freely, and that when the crisis started. More than ten years have passed, and we believe that we will not make the same mistakes again if we follow the sufficiency economy philosophy. The application of the philosophy is not limited only to the national level, but it is applicable to people from all walks of life at all levels. The philosophy can be boiled down to five axioms; (1) know what you are doing; (2) be honest and persevere; (3) take middle path; (4) be sensible and insightful in taking decisions; (5) build protection against shocks despite different applications, they all share the same goal of balanced and sustainable development.
Book Review: The Logic Of Tax Federal Income Tax Theory And Policy
Authors: Borg Joanne R. , Higgins Kenneth M. , Brown R. Michael
Published: February 2016

Book Review: The Logic Of Tax Federal Income Tax Theory And Policy
Perkawinan Anak di Bawah Umur dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Hanafi Yusuf
Published: February 2016

Under age marriage is not a new case in Indonesia. This practice has been performed by many people either in villages or big cities for a long time. Its causes are diverse from economic factors, poor education, to superficial understanding of cultural and religious values. In addition to causing social, psychological and health problems, under age marriage brings about legal problems. For example, Syekh Puji and Ulfa’s marriage opens controversy areas between traditional, Islamic, national and international laws because each has different juridical perspectives. This fact causes at least two legal problems: first, harmony between one law and another; second, challenges for marital legislation in term of under age marriage. This writing is aimed to show the urgency of marital law review to answer legislative challenges toward Islamic law harmony with globalization era today.
Discovering Indonesian Islam Through Fatâwâ
Authors: Aniq Ahmad Fathan
Published: February 2016

In the field of Indonesian-Islam studies, Hooker’s ‘Indonesian Islam’ is a welcome contribution to the scholarship. Unlike other Western scholars who study Indonesian Islam through anthropology, Hooker through his publication tries to show us that Islam in contemporary Indonesia can be known from fatâwâ (pl. fatwa) that have been responding matters of Indonesian Muslim society, have colored them and have been followed by them. For this reason, Hooker chooses four main Indonesian fatwa-issuing institutions which have been responding to challenges of modernity. They are Persatuan Islam (Persis), Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) and further, they are called “sources” or sources of fatâwâ. As a focus of the study, Hooker takes the fatâwâ from 1920s to the 1990s, from the period of colonialism to independence, which encompass the vast political, social and legal changes of this period.
Role of Resource Integration and Composite Expertise for Unique Value Creation
Authors: Sharma Rita
Published: February 2016

In the terminology of Service-Dominant, customer has become a co-creator of the value. This emphasises the development of customer-supplier relationships through interaction and dialogue. However, research to date suggests that relatively little is known about how consumers integrate their resources and engage in co-creation of value with the service provider. Thus, the present study develops a framework of the facilitators or antecedents of the co-creation of value for understanding and managing creation of unique value. Thus, both the ninth and tenth SD logic foundational premises are addressed in this study, in that we consider both the issue of resource integration in the network and the phenomenological nature of unique value co-creation. The study examines the co-creation efforts of the customers of fashionable boutiques of a Jammu city and statistical techniques like CFA and SEM were used to analyse the data. Further, reliability and validity tests were also performed. Based upon a sample of 196 female customers, the study found that resource integration and composite expertise of customers and suppliers significantly influence customer participation, which in turn significantly predicts CCV and unique value in offerings. The study also discusses the managerial implications, limitations and future research agenda at the end.
Component-level Performance-based Seismic Assessment and Design Approach for Concrete Moment Frames
Authors: Xinxian Zhou , Xiaolei Han , Jing Ji , Yongle Qi , Chao Hang
Published: February 2016

To solve the conservatism of acceptance criteria in ASCE/SEI 41 provisions, a new concept of component performance is put forward and an alternative method based on the statistical distribution of component performance levels to evaluate structural performance level is proposed. Independent component performance levels are redefined in detail and component performance indicator limits are developed, which are different from acceptance criteria for integral target performance level of entire building proposed by ASCE standards. Structural components are classified into critical components and general components. The relationship between structural performance levels and the statistical distribution of component performance levels, including performance levels of critical components, general components and non-structural components, is proposed. A framework for applying this method will be discussed in detailand implemented to a seven-story moment frame. It is concluded that this new evaluation method is simple and meaningful for performance-based seismic assessment and design.
Ability of Three Endodontic Sealers to Fill the Root Canal System in Association with Gutta-Percha
Authors: Ormiga Fabiola , Ferreira de Assis Danielle , de Andrade Risso Patricia
Published: February 2016

Introduction:

The present study compared the ability of the
endodontic sealers AH Plus, Pulp Canal Sealer and EndoREZ to fill the root canal
system in association with gutta-percha.

Methods:

Ninety
mandibular premolars were accessed, prepared and divided into three groups of 30
teeth each, according to the sealer used to fill the canals: AH Plus, Pulp Canal
Sealer and EndoREZ. All the teeth were filled using the continuous wave of
condensation technique. The specimens were then decalcified, dehydrated,
rendered transparent, and analyzed by three independent evaluators with 8x
magnification. Chi-squared test (χ2, p < 0.05) was used to compare
the groups in relation to the totally filled, the partially filled and the non
filled ramifications. The same test was used to compare the directions of filled
ramifications and the number of ramifications among the three thirds of the
roots.

Results:

EndoREZ filled a significantly higher
number of ramifications than AH Plus and Pulp Canal Sealer (χ2, p <
0.05). All the groups showed higher number of totally filled ramifications than
partially filled and unfilled ramifications. The ramifications were more
frequently detected in the apical third, followed by medium and coronal thirds,
respectively (χ2, p < 0.05). The ramifications were more frequently
detected towards lingual direction (χ2, p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

EndoREZ presented higher ability to fill
the root canal system in association with gutta-percha when compared to AH Plus
and Pulp Canal Sealer. The ramifications were more frequently detected in the
apical third, running in a lingual direction.
Letter to the Editor: Diagnostic Criteria in Urological Diseases do not Always Match with Findings by Extended Culture Techniques and Metagenomic Sequencing of 16S rDNA
Authors: Smelov Vitaly , Naber Kurt , Bjerklund Johansen Truls E.
Published: February 2016

Some diseases of the urinary tract are defined by the presence of microorganisms while others are defined by their absence. The underlying idea has always been that urine from healthy subjects is sterile and a negative urine culture has usually been taken as discriminative for an infection to be absent. Several disorders with symptoms that resemble infections are regarded as separate entities based on the exclusion of bacterial growth such as overactive neurogenic bladder and pelvic pain syndromes. During the recent years two paradigmata related to the role of bacteria in urological disease classification have changed completely. Firstly, bacteriuria does not necessarily mean an infection, and secondly, if extended sets of culture media for identification of fastidious and anaerobic bacteria or culture-independent metagenomic sequencing (MGS) is applied, a broad range of even non-culturable bacteria has been detected in the ”sterile” bladder urine in healthy individuals. The aim of this editorial is to initiate a discussion to redefine the criteria for urinary tract infections and non-infectious urological disorders with similar symptoms. Clinical studies, in which extended sets of culture media and MGS are integrated, are needed to clarify the pathogenesis of urological disorders where bacteria may play a role. The pure detection of bacteria in the urine does not by itself prove an infectious etiology of a specific disorder. It is important to avoid that results of new technologies lead to unnecessary antibiotic consumption with unwanted collateral damage and adverse events.
Brucellosis Suspicion is the Most Important Criterion for Diagnosis Particularly in Endemic Regions
Authors: Yilmaz Baris , Ozdemir Guzelali , Aktas Erdem , Komur Baran , Alfidan Serdar , Memisoglu Serdar , Mutlu Duymuş Tahir
Published: February 2016

Introduction:

Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease that remains endemic in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the need for considering brucellosis as a diagnosis, since this disease has a high risk of complications among young patients when not treated appropriately.

Methodology:

A total of 88 brucellosis cases with blood cultures that were positive for the pathogen were evaluated retrospectively in this study.

Results:

The patients included 33 males (37.5%) and 55 females (62.5%) with a median age of 8.9 years (range: 5-14 years). A total of 43.1% (n=38) of the cases included occupational exposure to animals as a possible infection source. The consumption of raw milk products, especially cheese, was present in 52.2% (n=46) of the cases. Clinically, 55 of the cases were acute (62.5%), 23 of the cases were subacute (26.2%) and 10 of the cases were chronic (11.3%). The distribution of the joint pain complaints was as follows: 62.5% (n=55) of patients reported hip pain, 22.7% (n=20) of patients reported knee pain, 11.4% (n=10) of patients reported lumbar-back pain and 3.4% (n=3) of patients reported pain in other joints. A total of 59.1% (n=52) of the cases had been examined by another doctor at least once and mistreated.

Conclusion:

Complication rates and the rate of chronic infection increase with delayed diagnosis, and clinical doubt is the most important criterion for diagnosis, particularly in endemic regions.
Benefits/Risks of Sodium–Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor Canagliflozin in Women for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kushner Pamela
Published: February 2016

Sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, such as canagliflozin, are used in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In clinical studies, canagliflozin significantly reduced A1C, bodyweight and blood pressure, and was generally well tolerated with no increased risk of hypoglycemia. Most common adverse effects observed were genital mycotic infections and urinary tract infections, and increased urination. Approximately 10% of women treated with canagliflozin experienced a genital mycotic infection compared with 3% treated with placebo; those with a prior history were at greater risk. Approximately 9% of women treated with canagliflozin reported a urinary tract infection compared with 7% treated with placebo. Most adverse events were considered mild to moderate in intensity and responded to standard therapy. Treatment with canagliflozin was effective and generally well tolerated in both women (and men) with T2DM.
Effects of nanostructured, diamondlike, carbon coating and nitrocarburizing on the frictional properties and biocompatibility of orthodontic stainless steel wires
Authors: Zhang Hao , Guo Shuyu , Wang Dongyue , Zhou Tingting , Wang Lin , Ma Junqing
Published: February 2016

Objective: 

To evaluate and compare the effects of nanostructured, diamondlike, carbon (DLC) coating and nitrocarburizing on the frictional properties and biocompatibility of orthodontic stainless steel archwires.

Materials and Methods: 

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technology was applied to coat DLC films onto the surface of austenitic stainless steel wires, and salt-bath nitrocarburizing technology was employed to achieve surface hardening of other wires. Surface and cross-sectional characteristics, microhardness, modulus of elasticity, friction resistance, corrosion resistance, and cell toxicity of the modified and control wires were analyzed.

Results: 

The surfaces of the DLC-coated and nitrocarburized wires were both smooth and even. Compared with the control, the DLC-coated wires were increased in surface hardness 1.46 times, decreased in elastic modulus, reduced in kinetic friction coefficient by 40.71%, and decreased in corrosion current density by two orders of magnitude. The nitrocarburized wire was increased in surface hardness 2.39 times, exhibited an unchanged elastic modulus, demonstrated a decrease in maximum static friction force of 22.2%, and rose in corrosion current density two orders of magnitude. Cytotoxicity tests revealed no significant toxicity associated with the modified wires.

Conclusions: 

DLC coating and nitrocarburizing significantly improved the surface hardness of the wires, reduced friction, and exhibited good biocompatibility. The nanostructured DLC coating provided excellent corrosion resistance and good elasticity, and while the nitrocarburizing technique substantially improved frictional properties, it reduced the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel wires to a lesser extent.
Dentoskeletal effects produced by a Jasper Jumper with an anterior bite plane
Authors: Bassarelli Turi , Franchi Lorenzo , Defraia Efisio , Melsen Birte
Published: February 2016

Objective: 

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the dentoskeletal effects produced by a modified Jasper Jumper with an anterior bite plane for the correction of Class II division 1 malocclusion.

Materials and Methods: 

A sample of 32 growing patients (mean age  =  11.9 ± 1.4 years) with Class II division 1 malocclusion and increased overbite were treated with a modified Jasper Jumper (JJ) and anterior bite plane protocol and compared with a matched control group of 30 subjects with untreated Class II malocclusion (mean age 12.2 ± 0.8 years). Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment (T1) and at the end of comprehensive treatment (T2). Mean treatment duration was 2.1 ± 0.4 years. The T1–T2 changes in the two groups were compared with Student’s t-tests for independent samples.

Results: 

The JJ group was successfully treated to a Class I occlusal relationship with a significant reduction in overjet (–3.9 mm, P < .001) and overbite (–3.1 mm, P < .001). The JJ group exhibited a significant increase in mandibular length and a significant improvement in maxillomandibular sagittal skeletal relationships. The lower incisors were significantly proclined, while the lower first molars demonstrated significant movement in a mesial direction.

Conclusions: 

Use of a modified JJ appliance and anterior bite plane is an effective protocol for the treatment of Class II malocclusion with increased overbite and greater skeletal (75%) than dentoalveolar (25%) effects mainly at the mandibular level.
Hepatitis B vaccination coverage and risk factors associated with incomplete vaccination of children born to hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers, Denmark, 2006 to 2010
Authors: Kunoee Asja , Nielsen Jens , Cowan Susan
Published: February 2016

In Denmark, universal screening of pregnant women for hepatitis B has been in place since November 2005, with the first two years as a trial period with enhanced surveillance. It is unknown what the change to universal screening without enhanced surveillance has meant for vaccination coverage among children born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers and what risk factors exist for incomplete vaccination. This retrospective cohort study included 699 children of mothers positive for HBsAg. Information on vaccination and risk factors was collected from central registers. In total, 93% (651/699) of the children were vaccinated within 48 hours of birth, with considerable variation between birthplaces. Only 64% (306/475) of the children had received all four vaccinations through their general practitioner (GP) at the age of two years, and 10% (47/475) of the children had received no hepatitis B vaccinations at all. Enhanced surveillance was correlated positively with coverage of birth vaccination but not with coverage at the GP. No or few prenatal examinations were a risk factor for incomplete vaccination at the GP. Maternity wards and GPs are encouraged to revise their vaccination procedures and routines for pregnant women, mothers with chronic HBV infection and their children.
Vaccine effectiveness in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care patients in a season of co-circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, B and drifted A(H3N2), I-MOVE Multicentre Case–Control Study, Europe 2014/15
Authors: Valenciano Marta , Kissling Esther , Reuss Annicka , Rizzo Caterina , Gherasim Alin , Horváth Judit Krisztina , Domegan Lisa , Pitigoi Daniela , Machado Ausenda , Paradowska-Stankiewicz Iwona Anna , Bella Antonino , Larrauri Amparo , Ferenczi Annamária ,   Joan O´Donell
Published: February 2016

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
“A Good Canadian Boy”: Crisis Masculinity, Canadian National Identity, and Nostalgic Longings in Don Cherry'sCoach's Corner
Authors: Allain Kristi A.
Published: February 2016

In this article, I examine the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's controversial hockey commentator Don Cherry and his weekly television segment on Hockey Night in Canada called Coach's Corner. Through a content analysis of three seasons of Coach's Corner (2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09), I examine Cherry as a marker (and maker) of nostalgic remembering. The press and the public both revere and revile his performance of manliness, and the style of masculinity that he advocates, as a throwback to simpler days. For Cherry, these simpler times, which contrast with the idea of a current-day masculinity in crisis, privileged the “self-made man” who, through hard work, could make a way for himself in the world. In this article, I argue that Cherry's articulations of morality are linked to discourses of masculinity in crisis, taking the form of a nostalgic privileging of an anachronistic style of masculinity that locates an appropriate sense of masculine style within a particular class consciousness, namely the working class, and a particular geographic locale, namely small-town Canada.
La religieuse dans Le Portique de Michèle Mailhot et dans Par delà la clôture de Marcelle Brisson
Authors: Pawliez Myreille
Published: February 2016

Le Portique de Michèle Mailhot (1967) et Par delà la clôture de Marcelle Brisson (1975) relatent à la première personne la vie de deux jeunes Québécoises qui entrent dans une communauté catholique dans les années 1950, mais qui prennent la décision de partir après s'être rendu compte qu'elles ne parvenaient pas à accepter toutes les contraintes imposées au cloître. Bien que l'une ait intégré un ordre contemplatif ancien et que l'autre soit postulante dans une congrégation de sœurs enseignantes à Montréal, leur expérience et leurs réflexions présentent des similarités étonnantes. Ainsi, se propose-t-on d'étudier la figure de la religieuse et le contexte idéologique en examinant l'univers communautaire et le milieu social des deux sœurs pour déterminer à quel point leur histoire est authentique.
The Narrative of Canada as a Peacekeeping Nation since the 1990s: Permanence and Evolution of a National Paradigm
Authors: Cros Laurence
Published: February 2016

Since the end of the Second World War, the government of Canada has regularly emphasized Canada's commitment to maintaining peace and liberty in the world through peacekeeping within the framework of the United Nations. Born in the 1950s, this narrative of Canada as a model peacekeeper held a central place in the successive Canadian governments' discourse on foreign policy and thus became an important element of the way Canadian national identity was defined. This article intends to analyze whether the narrative of Canada as a peacekeeping nation continued unchanged in more recent years. As we will show, since the 1990s, Canada's contributions to peacekeeping have undergone major changes. This article will examine whether these changes have been reflected in the official discourse on Canadian foreign policy produced by successive governments, both Liberal and Conservative, and whether, as a result, the narrative of Canada as a peacemaker is being challenged, and maybe replaced, by a new national narrative.
Signals from the Crowd: Strategic Management and Learning Through Crowdsourcing
Authors: Jette Aaron , Johns Robert
Published: February 2016

One way to ensure broad organizational support of strategic management efforts is to include employees in strategic planning. An inclusive strategic planning process can spur creativity and innovation and increase organizational commitment to implementing change and has been shown to improve employee satisfaction, productivity, and retention. Crowdsourced strategic planning engages employees by using techniques traditionally used to engage external stakeholders. Turning these tools inward provides opportunities for a broad range of employees to develop a shared vision of a desired organizational state and to identify, develop, and sustain strategies to achieve that vision. This paper describes the design, implementation, and immediate outcomes of a crowdsourced strategic planning process at the U.S. Department of Transportation John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, a research-based public agency. The strategic planning process engaged about one-half of the workforce and resulted in the identification of more than two dozen employee-generated strategic initiatives, of which nine are currently being carried out. By providing employees a platform for expression, the process also had the unexpected benefit of generating information about the concerns and aspirations of employees and the fundamental organizational conditions required to manage change. In this way, crowdsourced strategic planning supports strategic learning; emergent strategies are identified and deliberate strategies are adapted to address the organizational vision expressed by employees.
Assessment of Weather Anomalies Related to Cyclone AILA Using Atmospheric Sounding Indices
Authors: Khan MNH , Farukh MA
Published: February 2016

North Indian Ocean (NIO) is a favorable place for cyclone development where several tropical cyclones form every year. Bangladesh experiences 52 cyclones from 1960 to 2010, where cyclone AILA in 2009 was the most destructive in terms of damage of properties and fatalities. This study assesses the weather anomalies related to cyclone AILA using atmospheric sounding indices. During the formation of AILA the vertical atmospheric column was seriously unstable over NIO. The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) was increased anomalously and persisted over NIO for three consecutive days. The increased SST was one of the major causes to form depression as well as cyclone over NIO. To assess the weather anomalies several atmospheric sounding indices were used. The Skew-T/Log-P diagram showed positive buoyant and a large temperature difference between air parcel (Tp) and environment (Te) on May 23, 2009. Both the temperature increment was very sharp which created dry punch within 650550hPa height zone. The atmospheric sounding indices could be used for cyclone weather forecasting more accurately in this region.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 21-24 2015
Investigation of Effluent Quality from an Effluent Treatment Plant of a Textile Industry, Fakir Knitwear Ltd. Narayangonj, Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker MRH , Razzaque A , Hoque MM , Roy S , Hossain MK
Published: February 2016

Textile industries are the major contributor to environmental pollution and health hazards by generating huge amount of effluents that contain several pollutants and coloring agents. The concentration of these pollutants can be reduced to the permissible limit with the help of an Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP). The study was conducted to observe the textile effluent management techniques of an Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) of Fakir Knitwear Limited (FKL), Narayanganj, Bangladesh. FKL set up a biological treatment plant to treat the effluent generated by the industry. Different effluent quality parameters were investigated at different stages in ETP. The effluent of the outlet was dark colored probably because of soluble coloring materials of the effluent but it is comparatively better than that of raw wastewater. There were found higher EC values than the standards which indicated that the greater amount of salts in the water due to dumping of solid wastes and discharging of industrial effluents. The highest TDS value 2054 ppm was observed at the screening pit unit than the other parts of the ETP. The highest DO was found 4.58 ppm in clarification tank which was within the standard value of aquaculture. The study also showed that the lowest BOD (24 ppm) and COD (145 ppm) was found at the outlet which was comparatively better than others. Although the effluent from the outlet contained pollutants, these effluent quality was comparatively good than the untreated waste water discharged from the industry. After treatment, the effluent of outlet moderately ensures the standard quality for aquaculture and irrigation. The results suggested that it is obvious to run the ETP regularly to improve the quality of effluents to save our native environment from the harmful effects of wastewater.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 25-31 2015
Effect of Temperature on Flower and Pod Abscission and Yield of Three Soybean Genotypes
Authors: Hoque ABMA , Hassan MM , Khan MMK , Khatun R , Baten MA
Published: February 2016

A pot experiment was conducted at Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, during January to April 2014 to investigate the growth, abscission of flower and pod and yield performance of three soybean varieties (BINA Soybean-1, BINA Soybean-2, and Shohag) under three different temperature conditions. Flower abscission number and percentage were maximum in elevated temperature but the abscission of pods plant-1 was found to be the maximum in ambient temperature. In case of the performance of varieties, tallest plant and maximum node plant-1 were noted from the variety Shohag but number of nodules plant-1 , number of seeds pod-1, weight of 100 seed and seed yield was highest in BINA soybean2 while BINA soybean1 had maximum flowers plant-1 and pods plant-1. Abscission of flowers plant-1 was maximum in BINA soybean1 under elevated temperature while similar variety grown under ambient temperature obtained the maximum abscission of pods plant-1 and the variety Shohag grown under elevated temperature noted the maximum abscission percentage of flower at all the data recording stages. These results suggested that ambient temperature and BINA soybean2 singly or their interaction would be the most significant compared to others.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 89-92 2015
A Study on Different Brands of Zinc Fertilizers Available in the Markets of Chuadanga Region
Authors: Islam GMM , Iqbal SMA , Mollah MRA , Hossain SS , Chowdhury MA Ali
Published: February 2016

A study was conducted in Damurhuda upazila under Chuadanga district from January to December, 2014 to collect information on names, numbers and comparative availability of different brands of Zinc fertilizers in order to aid the assessment of nutrient status for quality of the brands. For this purpose, information was collected from 30 randomly selected fertilizer shops (10 BCIC fertilizer dealers and 20 retailers) through questionnaire interview. In the study total 80 brands [41 Zinc sulfate (mono), 22 Zinc sulfate (hepta) and 17 Chelated zinc] of zinc fertilizer marketed by 51 companies were found in the upazila. Grogin, Topaz, Zinc Sulfate, Mukta Plus, Zingsul, Hay Zinc+ of Zinc sulfate (mono) brands, Topaz and Petro zinc of Zinc sulfate (hepta) brands and Brexil, Field Marshal, Topaz of Chelated zinc brands were most available. Grogin of Zinc sulfate (mono) and Topaz of Zinc sulfate (hepta) were the top most available. Five percent of Zinc sulfate (mono) and nine percent of Zinc sulfate (hepta) mentioned no registration number. No maximum retail price (MRP) was mentioned in seven percent of Zinc sulfate (mono). There was a significant difference between highest and lowest MRP of imported Zinc sulfate (mono) and Chelated zinc brands.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 103-107 2015
Development and Characterization of a Biodegradable Colored Film Based on Starch and Chitosan by Using Acacia Catechu
Authors: Quader FB , Khan RA , Islam MA , Saha S , Sharmin KN
Published: February 2016

Green technology like biodegradable films using natural polymer is an obvious need of today. Attempt of this experiment was aimed at development and characterization of a biodegradable colored film based on starch and chitosan by using Acacia catechu. Chitosan reinforced starch based biodegradable composite film was prepared by casting. The chitosan content in the films was varied from 20-80 % (w/w). Tensile strength (TS) was improved significantly with the addition of chitosan but the elongation at break (EB %) of the composite decreased. With the addition of the Acacia catechu, tensile strength of the composites improved more. The acacia content of the film was varied from 0.05-0.2(w/w). The good thermal stability of this prepared film was confirmed by thermo-gravimetric analysis. Structural characterization was done by Fourier transform infrared radiation spectroscopy. Surface morphology of the composite film was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) which suggested sufficient homogenization of starch, chitosan and Acacia catechu. Water uptake was found lower for final composites in the comparison to starch/chitosan and chitosan film. The satisfactory rate of degradation in the soil is expected that the final composite film within less than 6 months. The developed films intended to use as the alternative of synthetic non biodegradable colored packaging films.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 123-130 2015
Analysis of Selected Metallic Impurities in Soft Drinks Marketed in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Akther S , Shahriar SMS , Sultana J , Alam MK
Published: February 2016

A total of 18 non-canned soft drinks and 12 canned soft drinks of different brands were collected from markets in Chittagong City of Bangladesh. It was found that, lead concentrations were significantly low in non-canned soft drinks. The highest level of lead content was obtained 0.016 mgL-l. The content of lead in non-canned soft drinks was found in the range from 0.005 mgL-l to 0.016 mgL-l. Lead concentrations in non-canned soft drinks were found below the maximum allowed limit for lead. Among all non-canned soft drinks, chromium was present in 11 samples. The highest concentration of chromium was found 0.018 mgL-l. The concentrations of chromium in non-canned soft drinks were in the range from 0.006 mgL-l to 0.018 mgL-l. Lead was found in 7 canned soft drinks. The lead concentration was in the interval from 0.006 mgL-l to 0.017 mgL-l. The highest level of lead was found 0.017 mgL-l. Chromium was found in 8 canned soft drinks. Concentration of chromium was in the range from 0.007 mgL-l to 0.019 mgL-l in canned soft drinks. The maximum concentration of chromium was found 0.019 mgL-l in canned soft drinks.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 153-156 2015