bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis penerapan higher order thinking skills pada pembelajaran IPA kelas V tema 1 sekolah dasar
Authors: Dewi Febriyanti Sari , Rintayati Peduk , Adi Fadhil Purnama
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze the application of learning that refers to the indicators of Higher Order Thinking Skill in science learning. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research methodology. The subjects studied were science learning carried out by teachers and students of class V SD Negeri Tunggulsari 2 Surakarta. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, questionnaires, and document analysis. Validation of data using triangulation of sources and techniques. This study uses Miles and Huberman qualitative data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study are the application of science learning for class V SD Negeri Tunggulsari 2 Surakarta shows the learning process that refers to higher order thinking skills (HOTS), but its application is less than optimal. The learning objectives made by the teacher have used high-level operational verbs C4, C5, and C6. The implementation of science learning referring to the HOTS indicator has been implemented but some HOTS indicator descriptors have not appeared, and the science learning assessment made by the teacher has used the HOTS level KKO, although it is still dominated by LOTS level questions because the teacher still has to adjust to the differences in students' thinking skills.
Penggunaan media kliping berbasis project based learning pada pembelajaran ipa untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa kelas V sekolah dasar
Authors: Twiningsih Anik
Published: March 2024

This study aims to describe the use of Project Based Learning-based clipping media in science learning to improve the creative thinking skills of fifth grade students. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative research method with an observation approach. The source of the research data was obtained from the teacher's observations during the learning process using clipping media and empowering the PjBL model. The learning outcomes presented in this study were the learning outcomes from the skill aspect, namely students' creative thinking skills in solving science learning problems presented by the teacher. From the research results, it was found that by using Project Based Learning clipping media, students' creative thinking skills increased. Creative thinking skills that are measured include 4 indicators, namely fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The results of students' creative thinking skills using PjBL-based clipping media are as follows: fluency (fluency) 85% completeness, flexibility (flexibility) 80% completeness, originality (originality) 87% completeness, and elaboration (detail) 88% completeness.
Pengembangan buku cerita rakyat rembang dalam pembejalaran keterampilan membaca pemahaman siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar
Authors: Hadid Zubaral , Kanzunnudin Mohammad , Fathurohman Irfai
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi karena alasan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa Kelas IV belum sesuai target yang diharapkan. Bahan ajar pembelajaran membaca kurang menarik sehingga siswa bosan. Pembelajaran masih terpusat pada guru meskipun telah menggunakan Kurikulum 2013. Kreativitas guru dalam membuat atau menentukan media belajar kurang sesuai minat siswa.  Bahan ajar yang digunakan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pemahaman kurang menarik minat siswa. Guru belum bisa memaksimalkan daya konsentrasi siswa yang sebentar dengan pembelajaran yang efektif membuat kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa belum tercapai optimal. Metode penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif dalam bentuk penelitian eksperimen dengan desain Non Equivalent Control Group Design. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan tes. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa di SDN 1 Sidomulyo Sedan Rembang, SDN 1 Sedan Rembang dan SDN 1 Menoro Rembang. Teknik sampling dengan purposive sampling. Analisa data menggunakan uji Paired Sample Test. Hasil analisa efektivitas didapatkan nilai sig sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 sehingga menunjukkan adanya pengaruh efektivitas atau dengan kata lain Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pengembangan Buku Cerita Rakyat Rembang efektif dalam Pembelajaran Keterampilan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Kelas IV. 
Analisis minat belajar di rumah sebagai dampak pandemi COVID-19(penelitian kualitatif pada peserta didik kelas IV )
Authors: Yanto Nur , Wahyuningsih Siti , Suharno Suharno
Published: March 2024

Abstract. In this research, the main problem is about students' interest in learning. This study aims to determine students' interest in learning as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents in this study were 18 parents of grade IV students at SD Negeri 1 Winong Boyolali and 19 grade IV students from SD Negeri 1 Winong Boyolali. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. Data collection was carried out using interviews, observations and questionnaires. Observations are used to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, interviews and questionnaires are used for the variable interest in learning at home for students. Data analysis uses data reduction, data display, and verifying. The final results of this study found that there are factors that affect students' learning interest as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. 19 during the learning of the online system at home, the data shows that there is a match between the data findings in the field with previous research and the theory that has been explained by the expert This shows that during the distance learning online system as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, students' interest in learning has shown satisfactory or good suitability or data.
Keywords: students' interest in learning, impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, elementary school
Menjaga Mutu Pendidikan PAUD pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 dengan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ)
Authors: Dariyatun Dariyatun
Published: March 2024

The objective to be achieved in this paper is to describe the implementation of
PAUD distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Implementation of emergency
learning in early childhood education through teaching and learning without face to face. To
support the successful implementation of distance learning during the Covid-19 period,
teachers prepare emergency RPPM and RPPH, make introductory videos to teachers and the
school environment, whatsapp groups for sharing assignments, making video tutorials for
student learning activities, voice notes for religious introduction, and checklist sheets for daily
habits at home.
Analisis instrumen asesmen ipa berdasarkan teori berpikir kritis facione kelas V sekolah dasar
Authors: Putri Levita Nuraeni , Atmojo Idam Ragil Widianto , Ardiansyah Roy , Saputri Ilmy
Published: March 2024

This research aims to describe the results of a science instrument analysis based on Facione's critical thinking theory. The method used in this study was qualitative descriptive. The research subject was a 5th grade science instrument of Angkasa Colomadu Elementary School. Data collected with document analysis and interview. The validity test used for the data was technical triangulation. This research using Miles and Huberman's data-analysis techniques of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusions. Analysis result shows that the science instrument went in less than the criteria with a 29.91% score. Based on each analysis of critical thinking indicator of Facione for the 5th grade science's final semester exam (PAS) of Angkasa Colomadu Elementary School, the dividend score on an interpretation indicator of 5.83% in the category has not met; Undermeeting category of 22.22% analysis indicator; 10.56% evaluation indicator with category not met; 25.01% inference indicator with less than met category; 15.83% explanation indicators in unmet categories; And a 100% self-regulation indicator with a very well-met category. Therefore, Facione's critical thinking indicator was inadequate. This study can be used as a reference for teachers, school, and the government to optimize the quality of assessment and students critical thinking skills.
 
Peningkatkan kemampuan pendidik PAUD dalam membuat APE dengan penerapan metode tutor sebaya
Authors: Widiyantara Widiyantara
Published: March 2024

This paper attempts to describe the peer tutoring method in order to improve the ability of PAUD educators in making APE. with the application of peer tutoring methods. Furthermore, it is conveyed about the steps of the peer tutor method. This step is divided into two, namely preparation and implementation. The preparatory step contains the selection of peer tutors and technical explanations for implementation. The implementation stage includes the activity process to the evaluation. The essence of learning activities with the peer tutor method here is that the activities are carried out in small groups. Each group is guided by one peer tutor. If there is more than one group in the activity, then in the following activity a shift of peer tutors will be carried out to guide other groups. this is done because in one activity, each tutor will provide different material and so on. Thus, the more often you apply the method of learning with peer tutors as mentioned above, the ability of PAUD educators in making APE will increase.
Keywords: PAUD Educator, Method, Peer Tutor
A Reﬁnement of Ratio Estimation in Ranked Set Sampling and Stratiﬁed Ranked Set Sampling Approaches
Authors: Khan Lakhkar , Javid shabbir  , Qazi Ubaid  , Taj Farin Khan
Published: March 2024

Estimation of population mean is a persistent subject issue in sampling surveys and many discrete efforts have been paid by various researchers to enhance the precision of the estimates by utilizing the correlated auxiliary information. In connection with this an improved version of ratio estimator are presented in this paper under the ranked set sampling scheme and stratified ranked set sampling scheme. Comparison amongst estimators is made in terms of Mean Square Errors ( ) and Percentage Relative Efficiencies ( ). The expression for  of the proposed estimator is pinned-down to first order of approximations. It turns out from both simulation studies as well as real data set that the proposed estimator dominates its existing counterpart estimators.
A three step seventh order iterative method for solution nonlinear equation using Lagrange interpolation technique
Authors: Jamali Sanaullah , Lakho Fareed Ahmed , Kalhoro Zubair Ahmed , Shaikh Abdul Wasim , Guan Jinrui
Published: March 2024

This research paper comprehensively presents the derivation of a seventh-order iteration scheme designed to obtain simple roots of nonlinear equations through the utilization of Lagrange interpolation technique. The scheme is characterized by the requirement for three function evaluations and one evaluation of the first derivative in each iteration. A detailed convergence analysis is also carried out to assess the efficacy of the proposed method. Additionally, the paper includes comprehensive numerical experiments aimed at confirming the theoretical results and illustrating the competitive performance of the derived iteration scheme.
The Role of Women's Leadership in the Traditional Muslim Religious Movement (New Paradigm in PBNU Leadership 2022-2027)
Authors: Arifi Ahmad , Fathurrohman Rizal
Published: March 2024

Seeing the structure of PBNU for the 2022-2027 Period, Gus Yahya (Top Leader of PBNU) gave an important role for women to join the structure of PBNU's daily management, after approximately 96 years PBNU did not involve women in its staff structure. This certainly affects the direction of PBNU organizational policies in the future. This study intends to analyze the shift in NU's religious paradigm related to the role of women in collective leadership at PBNU and its implications in responding to changing times as well as welcoming a new civilization within NU which is entering the second century. This research includes library research with a socio-phenomenological approach. This study resulted in the finding that the paradigm shift in NU leadership was based on changes in religious understanding and empirical experiences of NU clerics (Kiai and Nyai) in various aspects of life, religious, social, political, and cultural. In addition, many NU programs related to women such as reproductive health, sexual violence, migrant women workers, reproductive health, and women's radicalism are considerations for the importance of women's involvement in the development and implementation of these programs. Strategic roles in PBNU given to women such as Nyai Dr. (H.C) Sinta Nuriyah Abdurrahman at Musytasyar, Nyai Nafisah Ali Maksum at A'wan, Alissa Wahid and Khafifah Indar Parawansa at Tanfidziyah.
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure Risks in US Carceral Facilities, 2022
Authors: Poirier Lindsay , Salvatore Derrick , Brown Phil , Cordner Alissa , Mok Kira , Shapiro Nicholas
Published: March 2024

Objectives. To assess the US incarcerated population’s risk of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs).

Methods. We assessed how many of the 6118 US carceral facilities were located in the same hydrologic unit code watershed boundaries as known or likely locations of PFAS contamination. We conducted geospatial analyses on data aggregated from Environmental Protection Agency databases and a PFAS site tracker in 2022 to model the hydrologically feasible known and presumptive PFAS contamination sites for nearly 2 million incarcerated people.

Results. Findings indicate that 5% (∼310) of US carceral facilities have at least 1 known source of PFAS contamination in the same watershed boundary and that it is at a higher elevation than the facility; also 47% (∼2285) have at least 1 presumptive source. A minimum of 990 000 people are incarcerated in these facilities, including at least 12 800 juveniles. Exposure risks faced by incarcerated youths are disproportionately underassessed.

Conclusions. The long-term impacts from potential exposures to PFAS are preventable and exacerbate health inequities among incarcerated populations. Widespread public attention to PFASs can be parlayed into broader environmental monitoring for imprisoned people. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(5):501–510. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307571 )
Ensuring Quality and Safety in Chicken Slaughterhouse Practices through Microbiological Evaluation
Authors: Sabela Eka , Azara Rima , Oktarina Pramitha Wahyu
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the microbiological quality of chicken meat produced at a slaughterhouse, focusing on total plate count (TPC), Escherichia coli, Coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella sp. In the food industry, the slaughter of animals necessitates adherence to strict technical and hygienic standards to ensure product quality and safety. A knowledge gap exists regarding the correlation between slaughterhouse practices and microbial contamination levels in meat products. The aim of this research is to assess the microbial concentration in chicken meat and evaluate the effectiveness of sanitation procedures implemented during production. Through microbiological testing conducted at the slaughterhouse laboratory, it was found that the microbial concentrations in the sampled chicken meat were within acceptable limits according to national regulations. These results underscore the importance of stringent cleanliness and sanitation protocols in slaughterhouse operations to ensure the production of high-quality and safe meat products.
Highlights:

Quality Control: Ensures adherence to standards for safe food production.
Sanitation Priority: Strict cleanliness maintains product quality.
Microbiological Testing: Results within acceptable limits assure good product quality.

Keywords: Broiler Chicken, Product Quality, Microbiological Test
Diagnostic Insights for Optimal Avanza/Xenia AC Performance
Authors: Utomo Indra Bhekti
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the AC system of Avanza/Xenia vehicles through diagnostic procedures aimed at identifying potential issues and ensuring adherence to maintenance standards. The air conditioning (AC) system in vehicles plays a pivotal role in ensuring driver and passenger comfort, necessitating regular monitoring and maintenance. Utilizing measuring tools such as compressors and multimeters, the main components including the magnetic clutch and evaporator were assessed. Results indicate that measured values, including magnetic clutch coil resistance (3.9 ohms), magnetic clutch gap (0.5 mm), and blower system resistance (ranging from 0 to 2.6 ohms), fall within acceptable service limits outlined in the Avanza/Xenia manual. Consequently, no repair procedures were deemed necessary, affirming the normal condition and suitability for use of the AC system. This research fills a knowledge gap by providing a systematic diagnostic approach for evaluating vehicle AC systems, offering implications for maintenance practices in ensuring optimal performance and longevity.
Highlights:

Routine maintenance prolongs AC system lifespan.
Accurate diagnosis prevents potential issues.
Component inspection ensures system health.

Keywords: PMCB, Vehicle Air Conditioning System, Maintenance, Repair, Troubleshooting
STUDENTS' INTEREST IN ENGLISH ONLINE LEARNING PRACTICE AT XI TKJ 1 SMKN 1 GIRITONTRO IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
Authors: Naritama Sally , Kurniawan Agung Budi , Hadi Samsul
Published: March 2024

This study aims to find out students' Interest in English Online Learning reviewed from Aspects ofInterest, Elements of Interest, and Indicators of Interest. This research wasa case study. The approachused in this research was a qualitative descriptive research approach. Participants of this study weregrade XI students of TKJ,1 consisting of 36 students and 1 English teacher at SMKN 1 Giritontro.The data of this research were obtained from observations, documentation, and interviews. Dataanalysis techniques used qualitative analysis, namely data collection, data reduction, presentation,conclusion drawing, and verification. The results of the data analysis showed that the results ofobservations made by researchers on online learning videos in grade XI TKJ 1, namely onAspect ofInterest, with an average percentage of 46%, had a range of values with a description of LessInterest. While Element of Interest got, an average percentage result of 53% had a range of valueswith a description of Interest. Lastly, the Indicator of Student Interest got a result of 51%. Apercentage of 51% had a range of values with a descriptionof Interest.
THE IMPACT OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES TOWARD TRANSLATION QUALITY OF MICOAGGRESSION EXPRESSIONS TO LGBT IN BOYS DON’T CRY SUBTITLE
Authors: Nababan Kennia Wikanditha, M.R. , Santosa Riyadi
Published: March 2024

There are so many American films that use LGBT as the theme now in mainstream media such asNetflix, HBO, and Amazon Premium. Some of those films have been streamed in Indonesia.However, there might be some problems regarding the translated subtitle because Indonesiadoesn’t have as many gendered-languages as America. The aims of this research are to identifythe translation techniques and translation quality of microaggression expressions in Boys Don’tCry movie subtitle. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. This qualitative descriptiveresearch is an embedded-cased study and a product-oriented of translation research. The sourcedata of the research are microaggression expressions directed toward LGBT in Boys Don’t Cry.The data are collected through document analysist and FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Theresults of this research reveal that the translation techniques found in.
INTEGRATING INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: Prayudha. S Joko , Nabila Maratus Salihah  , Ami Pradana
Published: March 2024

The development of information and communication technology is what most people look forward to, including technological advances in the field of education which are very useful for teachers and students. Teachers can apply the use of technology in learning English to help and facilitate teaching and learning activities and encourage students to actively participate in learning. This study aims to explain the importance of applying technology in teaching English. The method used in this research is qualitative through a literature study approach. Data was obtained through collecting references and materials related to the use of ICT in learning and teaching English. After the data is obtained, the data is presented based on predetermined boundaries. The results of the study show that the use of technology in teaching English can make the learning atmosphere more enjoyable, students can freely get and do assignments and can access more learning resources. In addition, by utilizing information and communication technology students become more creative and motivated to be actively involved in teaching and learning activities so that it is very necessary for English teachers to regularly integrate the use of communication and information technology in learning English.
INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF CHATBOTS IN DIFFERENT LEARNING CONTEXTS ON STUDENT ENGAGEMENT AND CRITICAL THINKING
Authors: Baskara Risang
Published: March 2024

Technology integration in education has been a topic of interest for many years. Among those technologies, chatbots have been used in many educational settings. However, the impact of chatbots on students' engagement and critical thinking in different learning contexts has not been fully explored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of chatbots in different learning contexts on student engagement and critical thinking. A literature review was conducted to examine the previous studies on using chatbots in different learning contexts and relevant theoretical frameworks on student engagement and critical thinking in online and blended learning contexts. This study's results revealed that chatbots could improve students' engagement in different learning contexts and support the development of critical thinking skills. However, the design and features of chatbots should be aligned with the learning context to achieve optimal results. This study fills a gap in the literature by providing insight into how chatbot-mediated instruction may vary in different learning contexts and its possible impact on student engagement and critical thinking. The findings of this study have implications for chatbot design and instruction in different learning contexts, and it could be considered a valuable reference for educators, instructional designers, and researchers.
DEVELOPMENT OF BLENDED LEARNING ON ENGLISH LEARNING OUTCOMES IN PJKR STUDY PROGRAM
Authors: RISKA NAHARA SAPUTRI  , SIREGAR EPI SUPRIYANI , HASIBUAN SITI AMINAH , NURMAYANA NURMAYANA
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the development of blended learning on the results of learning English in PJKR study program. The method used in this research is quasi-experimental or quasi-experimental. The quasi-experimental method is different from the actual experiment. In the quasi-experimental method, it has a control group. The sampling technique used in this research is cluster sample or called group sample. Data collection is the most important part of research. Effective and complete data determine the quality of researchers. In this study the authors used the learning achievement test technique, test, observation and documentation. Based on the results of the research that had been done, the size of the concentration and distribution of the pretest result data for the experimental group were: the largest score was 75 and the smallest score was 36, the mean (mean) was 51.67 , the median is 52, the mode is 40.5 and the standard deviation is 11.91. While the posttest data results, the highest score was 91 and the lowest score was 45, the mean (mean) was 72.8, the median was 76.9, the mode was 77.6 and the standard deviation was 15.58. So, the objectives to be achieved in the learning design have been implemented for that, the blended learning model is able to influence student learning outcomes in English.
English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) at Primary Schools in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Sukmawati Ida Dian , Pujiani Tri
Published: March 2024

English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) method bloomed widely in the educational context as the impact of advanced globalization. Pros and cons emerge worldwide toward the implementation of this teaching method. A study of EMI on the primary level becomes interesting since the teachers are faced with double challenges. While teaching young learners with their unique characteristics is a big challenge, they are required to teach the learners using an unfamiliar language which is English. Therefore, a descriptive-qualitative study was conducted to uncover this issue. Literature review, observation, and interviews with some teachers of international standard primary schools in Indonesia were employed to obtain comprehensive data on this issue. The result revealed many challenges and opportunities in the implementation of EMI at the primary level. This study suggests a better policy in the educational system shading the implementation of EMI in Indonesia and many supports are still needed.
Teachers' Difficulties in Teaching English to Young Learners in 5 Schools at Nias
Authors: Hulu Nesti Arni
Published: March 2024

Teaching English to young learners is not easy as English is not their mother tongue. So teachers find it difficult to teach young learners. Therefore, the researchers conducted a study to describe the problems faced by teachers in teaching English to young learners. The purpose of this study was to find out the difficulties faced by English teachers when teaching young learners and the researchers were motivated to conduct a descriptive qualitative research on teachers' difficulties in teaching English to young learners in 5 schools in Nias. Data were collected, analyzed and interpreted using the interview method. Five English teachers were selected from different schools as participants for the interviews. The researcher used 2 weeks to conduct interviews with 5 teachers in different teaching locations. From some of the teachers' opinions, it can be concluded that there are many difficulties they encounter when teaching, namely lack of facilities, lack of knowledge in using IT, limited time, and students' lack of motivation in learning. Methods and strategies to overcome difficulties in teaching English, namely by using games, increasing vocabulary, and English songs for children.
Oxfam Gender in Emergencies Strategy 2022-25
Authors: Skakun Zorica , Dietrich Luisa
Published: March 2024

This Gender in Emergencies (GiE) Strategy for 2022–25 is a framework for more effective humanitarian action that acknowledges and addresses gender in a responsive, appropriate, and equitable manner. It identifies pathways to achieve this for individuals, Oxfam teams and partners, and the confederation as a whole.
TGFB-1 Release From Radicular Dentin After The Application of Calcium Silicate Based Coronal Barriers in Regenerative Endodontics: A Comparative In-Vitro Study
Authors: Alessa Adel Abdullah
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to evaluate the TGFB-1 released from radicular dentin after the application of calcium silicate based coronal barriers (MTA ProRoot®, NeoMTA Plus®, ENDOCEM MTA®) in regenerative endodontics.
Quantifying the effect of isolation and negative certification on COVID-19 transmission
Authors: Takeshita Jun-ichi , Murakami Michio , Kamo Masashi , Naito Wataru , Yasutaka Tetsuo , Imoto Seiya
Published: March 2024

Background: Isolation of close contact people and negative test certification are used to manage the spread of new coronavirus infections worldwide. These effectively prevent the spread of infection in advance, but they can lead to a decline in socioeconomic activity. Thus, the present study quantified the extent to which isolation and negative test certification respectively reduce the risk of infection.
Methods: A discrete-time SEIR model was used as the infectious disease model, and equations for calculating the conditional probability of non-infection status given negative test results on two different days were derived.
Results: The respective non-infection probabilities with two negative PCR test results, and with one negative PCR test result and one antigen test result, were quantified. By substituting initial parameters of the SEIR model into these probabilities, the present study revealed the following: (1) isolating close contact individuals can reduce by 80% the risk of infection during the first five days, but five more days are needed to reduce the risk 10% more, and seven more days to reduce the risk 20% more; and (2) if an individual with a negative PCR test result has a negative antigen test result the next day, then his or her infection probability is between 0.6% and 0.7%.
Conclusions: Five-day isolation has a proportionally greater effect on risk reduction, compared to longer isolation; and thus, if an isolation period of longer than five days is contemplated, both the risk reduction and the negative effects from such increased isolation should be considered. Regarding negative test certification, our results provide those in managerial positions, who must decide whether to accept the risk and hold mass-gathering events, with quantitative information that may be useful in their decision-making.
Trial registrations: Not applicable
The impact of missing data on the validity and applicability of the SOFA score to predict mortality – a secondary analysis of a systematic review
Authors: Molinnus Denise , Beulertz Michael , Bickenbach Johannes , Marx Gernot , Benstöm Carina
Published: March 2024

The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, also known as SOFA score, was introduced to assess organ dysfunction of critical ill patients. However, understanding the impact of missing SOFA scores in randomized controlled trials and how this affect the validity and applicability of the SOFA score as a surrogate endpoint for predicting mortality has been a matter of interest. To address this, a secondary analysis of a systematic review was conducted to quantify the relationship between SOFA scores and the prediction of mortality in critically ill adults in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The systematic review included 87 RCTs with a total of 12,064 critically ill patients. This analysis focused on missing SOFA score data in relation to the length of stay on the intensive care unit (ICU) and the methods used to handle missing data. SOFA score measurements from the included studies were categorized into three time frames: Early (t ≤ 4 days), Intermediate (t = 5–10 days) and Late (t > 10 days) measurement. Only one study reported a complete data set for calculating the SOFA score for an Early measurement. When considering all methods used to address missing data, 32% of studies still had missing data for Early measurements, and this percentage increased to 64% for Late measurements. These findings suggested that, over time, the number of studies with incomplete data sets has been increasing. The longer a patient is treated on the ICU, the higher the number of missing data which can impact the validity of SOFA score analyses. There was no clear trend towards a specific method for compensating missing data. An exemplary calculation demonstrated that ignoring missing data may lead to an underestimated variability of the treatment effect. This, in turn, could bias the interpretation of study results by policy- and clinical decision-makers. Overall, there are several limitations that need to be considered when using SOFA score as a surrogate endpoint for mortality. When employed as an outcome, the SOFA score is frequently missing and most studies do not adequately describe the amount or nature of missing data, or the methods used to handle missing data in the analysis.
Comparison of ChatGPT 3.5 Turbo and Human Performance in taking the European Board of Ophthalmology Diploma (EBOD) Exam
Authors: Maino Anna , Klikowski Jakub , Strong Brendan , Ghaffari Wahid , Woźniak Michał , BOURCIER Tristan , Grzybowski Andrzej
Published: March 2024

Background/Objectives:
This paper aims to assess ChatGPT’s performance in answering European Board of Ophthalmology Diploma (EBOD) examination papers and to compare these results to pass benchmarks and candidate results.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used a sample of previous past exam papers from 2012, 2013, 2020–2023 EBOD examinations. This study analysed ChatGPT’s responses to 392 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ), each containing 5 true/false statements (1432 statements in total) and 48 Single Best Answer (SBA) questions.
Results
ChatGPT’s performance for MCQ questions scored on average 64.39%. ChatGPT’s strongest metric performance for MCQ was precision (68.76%). ChatGPT performed best at answering Pathology questions (Grubbs test p < .05). Optics and refraction had the lowest-scoring MCQ performance across all metrics. ChatGPT’s SBA performance averaged 28.43%, with the highest score and strongest performance in precision (29.36%). Pathology SBA questions were consistently the lowest-scoring topic across most metrics. ChatGPT chose option 1 more than other options (p = 0.19). When answering SBAs, human candidates scored higher than ChatGPT in all metric areas measured.
Conclusion
ChatGPT performed stronger for true/false questions, scoring a pass mark in most instances. Performance was poorer for SBA questions, especially as ChatGPT was more likely to choose the first answer out of four. Our results suggest that ChatGPT’s ability in information retrieval is better than knowledge integration.
Source identification, Accumulation and Dispersion of Heavy Metals pollution into the Surface Sediments of Urban Runoff (Case Study, Channels of Tehran City
Authors: Moghaddam Amin Hasani , Hashemi Seyed Hossein
Published: March 2024

Heavy metals contamination is vitally crucial issue for human health and natural ecosystems worldwide. The sediments are extremely responsible for accumulation, transfer, and the fate of them into the receiving ecosystems. In this research, the heavy metals pollution status of surface sediments, possible pollution source as well as the correlation between heavy metals with total organic carbons (TOC%) and particle size distribution were evaluated. In this sense, 30 surface sediment samples of three urban channels from three sub-catchments across Tehran megacity was collected, followed by the concentration of key elements strontium (Sr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) was quantified by applying Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES). According to factor analysis(FA), the possible accumulation reason of (Pb) and (Sr) is as different as Copper, Nickle, and Cadmium elements. The Pearson test and multiple linear regression assigned that the TOC% is the leading reason of Strontium accumulation in surface sediments (r = 0.901). Ultimately, the vehicle transportation and land use type around the urban channels were recognized as the feasible principal origin of heavy metals contamination.
Dynamic culture system advances the applications of breast cancer organoids for precision medicine
Authors: Yang Jun , Qu Junyuan , Zhang Mei , Li Xiang , Jiang Qian , Kang Jinxiu , Jing Na , Wang Xianling
Published: March 2024

Tumor organoid-based drug sensitivity prediction is a new approach for precision medicine, which has wide applications in cancer treatment and attracts increasing attention. In the field of breast cancer, conventional organoid culture methods often require more than three weeks of culture period. The culture time greatly limits the further extension of the application scenarios of breast cancer organoids. We developed a fluid system that builds on the conventional organoid “dome” culture method, which continuously and stably supplies the nutrients for the growth of breast cancer organoids. We demonstrated that this is an effective optimization method, which can shorten the culture period of breast cancer organoids without significant changes in histological characteristics and drug sensitivity features.
Assessment of Noise Levels and Perceptions of Its Health Impact at Kejetia Market in Ghana
Authors: Sackey Lyndon Nii Adjiri , Agyemang Lawrencia S.Y. , Acheampong Patrick E. , Owusu Michael Afriyie , Amoah Jennifer
Published: March 2024

Noise pollution in developing countries like Nigeria and Ghana is causing adverse effects on citizens, including hearing impairment, sleep disturbances, adverse social behavior, and cardiovascular diseases. This study assessed noise levels at the Kejetia market in Ghana and the perceptions of health impact. The noise levels were measured at various of the amrket using sound level meters (JD-801A). The Results showed noise exposure levels were not within Ghana Environmental Protection Agency standards 2008, with predominantly commercial areas of 75 dB in the night and 60 dB during the day. The sources of noise pollution were from loud music, advertisements, human congestion, and vehicles. Respondents perceived noise pollution sources as an annoyance, mental stress, sleep disturbances, lack of concentration, hearing, and cardiovascular effects. The study suggests stakeholders and authorities should educate the public on the health effects of noise pollution.
Sustainability agency in Unsustainable structures: Rhetoric of a capable transformative individual
Authors: Salovaara Janne J. , Hagolani-Albov Sophia E.
Published: March 2024

While sustainability has been implemented in education for a long time, the conceptualisation of an impactful sustainability actor has not been as thoroughly formulated. The theory of structuration is relevant as a lens for critical reflection on the transformative potential of individuals educated in sustainability as a practice, who are often described as change-makers and mandated to enact sustainability. This paper examines sustainability agency using materials produced for a set of online sustainability courses. This text corpus is utilised as a representation of climate and sustainability education. The materials repeat systemic framings present in sustainability rhetoric, such as the contexts and targets in which sustainability transformation occurs. Additionally, through the analysis of the textual corpus descriptions emerged as attributes of the agents to enact sustainability. This uncovers the juxtaposition between the often-repeated perception that sustainability must be achieved by capable agents and the capacities they possess. Further, our content analysis suggests a rhetorical process of othering within sustainability, for example by positioning “people”—the general population—as the cause of the sustainability crisis, and “us”—the educated—as the solution. Through our findings, the article concludes that when utilising the concept of sustainability agency—be it in theoretical, educational, or practical work—one ought to pay significant attention to the structures wherein the activities take place. The full comprehension of the transformative potential of individual agents ought to include an acknowledgement of the difference between educated capability and capacity—the latter of which necessitates dominance over the structural resources.
Bridging the Computational Gap: Sliding Window Technique Meets GCNN for Enhanced Molecular Charge Predictions
Authors: Domínguez-Arca Vicente
Published: March 2024

In the quest for advancing computational tools capable of accurately calculating, estimating, or predicting partial atomic charges in organic molecules, this work introduces a pioneering Machine Learning-based tool designed to transcend the limitations of traditional methods like DFT, Mulliken, and semi-empirical approaches such as MOPAC and Gaussian. Recognizing the crucial role of partial atomic charges in molecular dynamics simulations for studying solvation, protein interactions, substrate interactions, and membrane permeability, we aim to introduce a tool that not only offers enhanced computational efficiency but also extends the predictive capabilities to molecules larger than those in the QM9 dataset, traditionally analyzed using Mulliken charges. Employing a novel neural network architecture adept at learning graph properties and, by extension, the characteristics of organic molecules, this study presents a "sliding window" technique. This method segments larger molecules into smaller, manageable substructures for charge prediction, significantly reducing computational demands and processing times. Our results highlight the model's predictive accuracy for unseen molecules from the QM9 database and its successful application to the resveratrol molecule, providing insights into the hydrogen-donating capabilities of CH groups in aromatic rings—a feature not predicted by existing tools like CGenFF or ATB but supported by literature. This breakthrough not only presents a novel alternative for determining partial atomic charges in computational chemistry but also underscores the potential of convolutional neural networks to discern molecular features based on stoichiometry and geometric configuration. Such advancements hint at the future possibility of designing molecules with desired charge sequences, promising a transformative impact on drug discovery.
Identification of PANoptosis genes in w based on bioinformatics analysis and machine learning
Authors: Jing Huan , Cheng Jiurong , Zhang Xiangsheng , Chen Yanna , Chen Hongtao , Fan Youling , Zhou Jun
Published: March 2024

Background
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prominent etiological factor that contributes to the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). PANoptosis is an inflammatory programmed cell death pathway, and its involvement in the pathogenesis of DN has been demonstrated. The objective of this research was to examine the potential role of key PANoptosis-related genes in the occurrence of DN and to assess the clinical utility of these genes in predicting DN.
Methods
This study employed bioinformatics analysis to acquire a dataset of gene expression data for patients with DN from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Furthermore, we identified and functionally annotated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and performed immune cell infiltration analysis. Consensus clustering was employed to identify molecular subtypes associated with PANoptosis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) technique was utilized to screen crucial PANoptosis genes, leading to the development of a prediction model for DN. Additionally, a clinical nomogram prediction model was constructed to validate the correlation between the core genes and DN. Finally, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using genome-wide association studies to ascertain the causal impact of ITM2C on DN.
Results
A total of eight genes (PROM1, MAFF, CLEC2B, CX3CR1, CXCL6, EVI2B, ITM2C, and VIM) associated with the incidence of DN were identified.
Conclusions
We successfully constructed a nomogram utilizing PANoptosis-related genes for the purpose of predicting the incidence of DN. This novel model holds potential as a valuable instrument for evaluating the imperative need for timely medical intervention to mitigate the onset of DN.
Pt nanoshell with ultra-high NIR-Ⅱ photothermal conversion efficiency mediates multifunctional neuromodulation for cardiac protection
Authors: Fu Lei , Wang Chenlu , Zhou Liping , Liu Chengzhe , Qiao Jiaming , Han Xinrui , Wang Luyang , Liu Yaxi , Xu Bi , Qiu Qinfang , Zhang Zizhuo , Wang Jiale , Zhou Xiaoya , Zeng Mengqi , Yu Lilei
Published: March 2024

The autonomic nervous system plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Regulating it is essential for preventing and treating acute ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Photothermal neuromodulation is a nonimplanted technique, but the response temperature ranges of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and TWIK-elated K+ Channel 1 (TREK1) exhibit differences while being closely aligned, and the acute nature of VAs require that it must be rapid and precise. However, the low photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) still poses limitations on achieving rapid and precise treatment. Here, we achieved nearly perfect blackbody absorption and one of the highest PCE in the second near infrared (NIR-II) window (73.7% at 1064 nm) via a Pt nanoparticle shell (PtNP-shell). By precisely manipulating the photothermal effect, we successfully achieved rapid and precise multifunctional neuromodulation encompassing neural activation (41.0–42.9 oC) and inhibition (45.0–46.9 oC). The NIR-II photothermal modulation additionally achieved bi-directional reversible autonomic modulation and conferred protection against acute VAs associated with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in interventional therapy.
Organomineral fertilizer based on swine manure and Trichoderma harzianum improves the performance of Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Turchetto Felipe , Santos Breno Magno Silva , Griebeler Adriana Maria , Ros Clovis Orlando , Araujo Maristela Machado , Waimer Gabriel Coelho , Jachi Janaine Giombelli , Andriguetto Kellin Vanessa , Silva Tauã Osaida , Silva Rodrigo Ferreira , Montó Pedro Mucin , Biesdorf Nilson
Published: March 2024

The productivity of forest plantations of the Eucalyptus genus in Brazil depends on applying large amounts of fertilizers. Controlled-release or organomineral fertilizers represent sustainable alternatives to traditional mineral fertilizers, allowing reduced production costs, higher growth rates, and environmental benefits. Additionally, using biological inputs such as fungi of the Trichoderma genus can increase forest productivity and improve plant quality and vigor. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the influence of different types of fertilizers associated with Trichoderma harzianum on the morpho-physiological attributes of young Eucalyptus grandis plants. This study was conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design, with six replicates in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, considering four types of mineral or organomineral fertilizers and a control treatment, with or without T. harzianum inoculation. At 180 d after planting, the morphology of the aerial and roots and the aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus were evaluated using the Falker chlorophyll index and chlorophyll a fluorescence. For basic fertilization, E. grandis plants cultivated using a controlled-release fertilizer and an organomineral fertilizer based on swine manure showed the best results for the morphophysiological features evaluated. T. harzianum inoculation also improved the E. grandis development, especially when associated with controlled-release or organomineral fertilizers. Therefore, using swine manure to formulate organomineral fertilizers combined with inoculating T. harzianum in seedlings is a sustainable alternative fertilizer for young E. grandis plants.