bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unrevealing the Effects of Agnikarma in Parikartika with special reference to Fissure -in -Ano- A Case Series
Authors: P N Shilpa , S Shanmugaloga
Published: December 2024

Agnikarma, being the pain-relieving panacea practised now a days with benefits of treating the disease in a satisfactory way, thereby preventing its recurrence is adopted as the main line of management in treating the Anal fissures. This study aims to evaluate the potential benefits of Agnikarma in combination with manual anal dilatation and sentinel tag excision if present, as a means of faster healing aiming no recurrence. This study included five patients with chronic anal fissures, with recurrences and unresponsive to oral and topical medications, who underwent Agnikarma combined with manual anal dilatation (MAD) and if sentinel tag present, excision of the same. Primary outcome measures encompassed fissure healing rates. With a mean follow up of 12 weeks, there was no postoperative complications, and the overall fissure healing rate was good. The combination of Agnikarma with Manual anal dilatation and sentinel tag if present, its excision proved to be an effective approach for Anal fissures, with favourable outcomes and without any complications.
Effect of Sun-dried Tomato Powder as an add on therapy on Glycemic Profile, Renal Function and Liver Function in an individual with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): A Case Report
Authors: Ahmed Altaf , Shetty Prashanth , Shetty Geetha B , Girishankara Moodala
Published: December 2024

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common metabolic disease, which is characterized by the presence of hyperglycemia. A 38-year-old male patient presented with hyperglycemia and a history of K/C/O type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) dating back four years. It was suggested that he take the anti-diabetic medication Tab Metformin 500mg twice daily, after meals. Even after using anti-diabetic medications, the patient's blood sugar levels remained uncontrolled. He visited to integrated holistic center OPD department for further management. After taking complete case history, he was advised to take 15 gm. of sundried tomato powder every day morning in 150 ml of water in empty stomach for the period of 60 days along with regular his medication. The study reveals that, the improvement seen in Fasting blood sugar (134-111 mm/dl), Post-prandial Blood sugar (171 – 148 mm/dl), HbA1c (7.1 – 6.9 %) and the base line renal and liver profile were normal and taken data in 5 time points. The Renal and Liver profile was within normal limit through out the study. The case report shows that, the sundried tomato powder helps in improving Glycemic profile and maintains Renal and liver function among patient with T2DM. The larger robust randomized controlled trial is needed to conclude the efficacy of sundried tomato powder as a safe and affordable intervention in clinical practice.
Polio: Post-Campaign CommunicationAssessment in Banadir Region, Somalia
Authors: Sharif Shafie , Yusuf Farah , Gedi Mohamed , Mahamed Mahmoud
Published: December 2024

Polio campaigns are routinely conducted in Somalia and the ministry of health engages radios, TVs, mounted car announcements, and community mobilizers.Purpose: The assignment was initiated in order to assess the effectiveness of polio mass media campaigns with respect to outreach to targeted audiences and understanding of the messages of the various media, channels, and contents.Design/methodology: A quantitative method has been used for the data collection; The study heavily relies on primary data collection from the field. Visited houses were randomly selected in targeted districts.Findings The findings of this study indicate that, 7 out of 10 people surveyed cited that mass media as their source of information about polio campaigns. Also the study found Misconceptions, misinformation, fear as well as intricate tribal and cultural norms are challenges facing polio campaign in Benadir region.Research limitations/implications. This study only emphasized Benadir region polio cmapaign; thus, the findings of the present study may not be applicable to other countries.Originality/value: Limited studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of Polio post-campaign communication in Benadir region Somalia
A Closer Look at Bajaj Drivers in Mogadishu-Somalia
Authors: Sharif Shafie
Published: December 2024

Bajaj is the most popular transportation in Mogadishu, it operates like a taxi. After the Bajaj second popular transportation exist the capital is minibus known (Homey) however, the scope of this study only considers data collected from the Bajaj drivers. Bajaj started operating in Mogadishu after 2010. Since after the number of Bajajs was increasing. Currently, it is estimated that nearly 35 thousand Bajaj’s operate in Mogadishu-Somalia. Bajaj drivers nearly 100% are male. The survey comes as community and commentators debate the behavior and/or characteristics of Bajaj drivers on a daily basis. The objective was to known the behavior and the profile of the Bajaj drivers. The survey conducted from 25 sept – 5 Nov 2020. Target respondents were 400 Bajaj drivers randomly selected. With the support of SRA enumerators, close-ended questionnaires were distributed among targeted respondent
Injection Drug Use and HIV/AIDSTransmission in Somalia
Authors: Sharif Shafie , Cora Vetalis , Abdisamad Sacdiyo , Mahamed Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Somalia has been engulfed in civil strife, and drug dealers had a better chance of smuggling different kinds of drugs. According to a report from the Banadir Regional Administration, drug-related incidents reached their peak between 2020 – 2023, and injection drug users have also increased in Somalia; as a result, HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases have spread to the country and caused serious alarming public health problems. In 2023, the police launched several operations against drug trafficking and its users. Various business centers were shut down and some others revoked business licenses during the operations.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the chances of transmission of HIV/AIDS among persons use injectable drugs in Somalia. The study also sought to investigate knowledge and awareness of HIV/AIDS among persons injecting drug.Methodology: The study was conducted in Mogadishu and targeted people who use syringes to inject drugs. Two methods of data collection were used: first, a personal questionnaire, and second, the collection of blood samples for HIV/AIDS testing.Findings: The result indicates that 81% of respondents are unaware that HIV/AIDS exist in the country. The study also confirms that persons injecting drugs have very poor awareness of HIV/AIDS. 270 people were screened for HIV; 21 were HIV positive.Research limitations/implications. The study may not be applicable to other nations since it exclusively focused on persons injecting drugs in Somalia.Originality/value: Limited studies have been conducted to investigate drug injection and HIV/AIDS transmission in Somalia
Impact of Social Media on Students’ Performance in Secondary School Examination
Authors: Sharif Shafie , Osman Dunia , Isak Mohamed , Ahmed Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Being a fragile state, Somalia is trying to recover the education gap. However, for the last three years, higher failure rates and lower grade passes were reported from secondary school examination results in Somalia. Mayor of Banadir region, Omar Filish said, “TikTok is one of the major factors contributing to lower grades and higher failure rates of secondary school examination results”. Therefore, our researchers discussed the effects of this and a study was conducted to investigate the impact of social media on students’ performance in secondary schoolexamination.Research Objective: Three research objectives guided by the study. To study the most commonly used social media among secondary school students. To evaluate the time spent on social media among students. To investigate the positive and negatives effect of social media among the students.Method: The data were collected using a questionnaire which was translated into Somali for the convenience of the respondents. The population of this study was 40,000 form four students from public and private secondary schools in Somalia. The sample size of this study was 600 students drawn from the population. 582 were returned, which represents 97% of the respondents. 63% of the respondents were male, while 37% were female.Findings:The study found that 9 in 10 secondary students have a social media account. The most popular social media among students include Facebook, TikTok, YouTube, and Snapchat. The majority of students spend an average 4-5 hours on social media on a typical day, which is more than the average time students spend on academic activities. The majority of parents are not happy with their children on social media. Students believe that social media are an obstacle to their learning progress
O PDDE e os aparatos pedagógicos: a disponibilidade e a utilização dos recursos de custeio no interior das escolas.
Authors: Martins Andressa da Silva , França Pereira Camila Cristina , Pereira Costa Iala , Carvalho Vieira Janessa , Coelho Oliveira Maria Victória , Locatelli Cleomar
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa relacionada à gestão escolar e a disponibilidade de recursos para as ações pedagógicas, considerando a implementação do Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola (PDDE). Programa este que visa a melhoria da qualidade do ensino, disponibilizando recursos para a reforma e manutenção da estrutura escolar, para a aquisição de materiais didáticos e outros produtos de consumo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa, com dados obtidos através do portal do Fundo Nacional de Educação (FNDE) e através do diálogo com a gestão escolar de duas escolas públicas situadas nos estados do Maranhão e Tocantins. A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a utilização dos recursos disponibilizados pelo programa na aquisição e distribuição de aparatos pedagógicos de uso corrente por professores e alunos. Constatou-se que os recursos do PDDE têm chegado regularmente às escolas, porém em quantidade insuficiente. Constata-se também que, nos últimos 10 anos, em nenhuma das instituições pesquisadas, o valor de custeio pago foi constante.
Dossiê: Conhecimento e autonomia docente no campo do ensino das Áreas Curriculares
Authors: Locatelli Arinalda Silva , Paula Andrey Patrick Monteiro de , Gracioli Jéferson Muniz Alves
Published: December 2024

No trecho acima, Madalena Freire Weffort (1996) nos apresenta algumas características do sujeito construtor do conhecimento, sujeito esse que se forma num misto de sentimentos e com base na adoção de um olhar pensante. Todavia, a autora nos indica que nem todos têm o domínio desse construto, ou seja,alguns são alijados do seu desejo, do seu fazer e de seu pensamento. Dessa constatação, duas palavras se tornam caras ao trabalho docente, são elas: conhecimento e autonomia, termos que se tornaram eixos da temática da VI edição da Exposição de Metodologias, Alternativas e Tecnologias para o Ensino das Ciências (EXPOMATEC), organizada pelo Curso de Pedagogia do Centro de Educação Humanidades e Saúde (CEHS) da Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins (UFNT) e que agora origina o Dossiê: Conhecimento e Autonomia Docente no campo do ensino das áreas curriculares.
O presente Dossiê configura-se a partilha de estudos, experiências, reflexões, análises, aprendizados e aprendizagens (De Paula, 2023) de docentes e discentes de ensino superior e da educação básica de diferentes localidades e regiões do Brasil, problematizando os múltiplos sentidos de ensinar as ciências na educação básica.
Trata-se de um compêndio de vinte e quatro artigos, selecionados a partir das comunicações orais e relatos de experiência apresentados na VI Expom@tec. As temáticas abordadas formam um mosaico discursivo envolvendo questões sobre educação ambiental; educação-cartográfica; aspectos do ensino sobre astrologia e astronomia; história, educação, materiais e saberes na cultura Apinajé; as contribuições, desafios e potencialidades do Programa Residência Pedagógica e de Projetos Universitários como o Ciclo de Leitura e  o GeminAR-te que incidem sobre a formação inicial e continuada de docentes da educação básica; as perspectivas teórico metodológicas no ensino de ciência e tecnologias digitais; a formação do leitor de aluno com deficiência visual; o ensino por investigação como promotor do letramento científico; a construção de brinquedos recicláveis para utilização no curso de Educação Física; a compreensão pedagógica de utilização do Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola (PDDE); e aspectos reflexivos sobre a ditadura civil-militar brasileira e história e memória da educação.
Os artigos que integram o presente dossiê, tem a construção do conhecimento do ensino das diversas áreas curriculares em sua diversidade teórico-metodológica como foco das discussões apresentadas, primando, pelo fortalecimento e consolidação da perspectiva de autonomia docente, ou seja, a garantia da existência do sujeito docente que deseja, pensa, problematiza e concretiza seu fazer pedagógico.
Uma análise das contribuições da disciplina de Psicologia da Educação para a formação inicial de professores de matemática
Authors: Corso Mikulski Sthefany , Cardoso Brito Claudenice
Published: December 2024

A psicologia como ciência auxiliar da educação contribui para organizar o ensino, avaliar o processo de desenvolvimento e aprendizagem dos estudantes. Neste aspecto, discutimos sobre a importância da Psicologia da Educação para a formação inicial de professores de Matemática. Adotamos a pesquisa participativa para analisarmos um grupo de estudantes do curso de licenciatura em Matemática e a forma como eles se apropriam dos conhecimentos e desenvolvem a atividade de estudo. Para isso utilizamos os conceitos de coletividade, autonomia e autorregulação da Teoria Histórico-Cultural. Os resultados iniciais apontam para o desenvolvimento da autonomia, que reverbera no trabalho coletivo.
Palavras-chave: formação inicial de professores, teoria histórico-cultural, trabalho coletivo.
 
An analysis of the contributions of the Educational Psychology discipline to the initial training of mathematics teachers
ABSTRACT. Psychology as an auxiliary science of education contributes to organizing teaching and evaluating the development and learning process of students. In this aspect, we discuss the importance of Educational Psychology for the initial training of Mathematics teachers. We adopted participatory research to analyze a group of students from the Mathematics degree course and the way they acquire knowledge and develop their study activity. For this we use the concepts of collectivity, autonomy, self-regulation from Historical-Cultural Theory. The initial results point to the development of autonomy, which reverberates in collective work.
Keywords: initial teacher training, historical-cultural theory, collective work.
 
Un análisis de los aportes de la disciplina Psicología de la Educación a la formación inicial de profesores de matemáticas
RESUMEN. La psicología como ciencia auxiliar de la educación contribuye a organizar la enseñanza y evaluar el proceso de desarrollo y aprendizaje de los estudiantes. En este aspecto, se discute la importancia de la Psicopedagogía para la formación inicial del profesorado de Matemáticas. Adoptamos una investigación participativa para analizar un grupo de estudiantes de la carrera de Matemáticas y la forma en que adquieren conocimientos y desarrollan su actividad de estudio. Para ello utilizamos los conceptos de colectividad, autonomía, autorregulación de la Teoría Histórico-Cultural. Los primeros resultados apuntan al desarrollo de la autonomía, que repercute en el trabajo colectivo.
Palabras clave: formación inicial docente, teoría histórico-cultural, trabajo colectivo
The Influence of Sex (Gender) Differences on the Cognitive Engagement and Academic Achievement of Middle School Students in China
Authors: Yangyang Zhao , Bin A. Ghani Muhammad Faizal , Hoque Kazi Enamul
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes the influence of gender differences in students on cognitive abilities in the context of academic achievement. There is a perception that assesses that gender differences affect student achievement. This assumption can be a discriminatory factor, which assesses that one gender affects student achievement. This article aims to analyze whether gender differences affect student cognitive and academic achievement? The method used is quantitative to conduct descriptive and inferential statistics. The type of field research was conducted at Middle Schools in China. Data sources were obtained directly from students and administrators of the Middle School. Data collection techniques through observation and interviews. Simple random sampling was used to select participants from middle schools in China (n = 341). The findings showed that cognitive engagement significantly affected student academic achievement (β = 0.389, p <0.001). However, gender differences in students did not moderate the relationship between the two. The assumption that female gender is not intelligent is wrong, because intelligence is not determined by gender. The practical contribution of this article is recommended for policy makers, teachers, and stakeholders to understand strategies in enhancing students' cognitive engagement to improve academic achievement understand strategies to increase students' cognitive engagement to improve academic achievement.
Evolution and change of winter tourism. How seasonality affects the economy of Lombardy’s Mountain Communities on the Olympic Road (Milano-Cortina 2026)
Authors: Caprino Gianpaolo , Dal Bianco Antonio
Published: December 2024

Using municipal data on tourist overnight stays, this paper examines tourist seasonality of Lombardy’s Mountain Communities (CCMM) over the last 15 years. In detail, based on the geographical location proximity on the Olympic Road of Milano-Cortina 2026 winter edition, twelve Mountain Communities have been selected. Using widely known statistical indexes, the seasonality of the selected mountain communities was represented. The analyses confirm the presence of two types of seasonality in Lombardy: a growing summer seasonality driven by the lakes and a bi-seasonal one, which appears mostly in the Alpine and pre-Alpine areas, characterized by declining winter tourism flows relatively to the rest of the year. Exploiting the legacy of Milano Cortina 2026 Olympic event, this study intends to offer a contribution to the deseasonalization policies to be implemented in mountain areas.
Offspring’s sex composition and childbirth timing in third child transition among Indian mothers born between 1966 and 1985
Authors: Eleonora Trappolini  , Patrizia Farina  , Laura Terzera
Published: December 2024

India faces gender discrimination, leading to skewed sex ratios at birth and influencing family size and the sex composition of already-born offspring. Using the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-2016), we first apply sequence analysis to investigate the sex composition, mothers’ age at the first child, and childbirth timing for the first two children among Indian mothers born between 1966 and 1985, all of whom are under 30 years old. Second, using logistic regression, we analyze the determinants of the transition to a third child and examine whether the influence of sex composition, combined with timing, has changed over time. We find that education and wealth indices affect mothers’ mean age at first child and the time interval between births. We also observe that women with two daughters are more likely to have a third child, even within younger birth cohorts, despite an overall reduction trend of declining fertility. Through sequence analysis, our study provides unique insights into gender discrimination in India and its implications for fertility across different mothers’ birth cohorts. By identifying the trajectories of sex composition and childbirth timing among previously born offspring, we gain a deeper understanding of the role of male offspring in shaping the likelihood of having a third child while controlling for traditional covariates and mothers’ birth cohorts.
Residential concentration of non-national population subgroups and potential socioeconomic vulnerability in a southern Italian urban context
Authors: Carella Maria , Garcia Pereiro Thaís , Paterno Anna
Published: December 2024

The spatial distribution of residential patterns has often been translated into profound and increasing segmentation of urban contexts, which frequently uncovered deep socioeconomic spatial inequalities. With modern cities as one of the main systems of stratification and fragmentation, the main aim of this article is to investigate the potential socioeconomic vulnerability and the spatial concentration of non-nationals in the city of Bari at the time of the last Census (2021) applying spatial methods to census trats as units of analyses and considering the top five foreign-nationality population subgroups there residing (Georgians, Bangladeshis, Albanians, Romanians and Chinese). Our results show that suburban areas in the city where the potential socioeconomic vulnerability is higher are not necessarily those in which groups non-nationals are over-represented, but interesting differences regarding specific groups of non-nationals emerge. Also, the territorial concentration of non-nationals respect to Italian residents tend to diverge not only across the space but also among subgroups of non-nationals. These findings might be relevant to inform knowledge-based policies dealing with the urban space, particularly those dealing with the distribution of socioeconomic vulnerability and ethnic concentration within and across the neighborhoods of the city.
Vulnerabilities in migration: the case of unaccompanied migrant minors in Italy
Authors: CONIGLIARO PAOLA , DI PATRIZIO FRANCESCA , SERUSI RITA
Published: December 2024

Unaccompanied Migrant Minors (UMM) are, perhaps, the most vulnerable among migrants arriving in Europe. That requires institutions to guarantee their safety and adequate reception policies. Since 2012, the presence in Italy has more than quadrupled, raising 23 thousand UMMs at the end of 2023. During the same year, several regulatory interventions were promulgated involving UMMs’ reception and placement.
This paper analyses the demographic characteristics, the migratory trajectories, the modes of arrival, the placement and the permanence of the UMMs present in Italy. It mainly refers to data from the Unaccompanied Minors Information System (SIM) managed by the Ministry of Labour and Social Policies. It also outlines the strategies implemented to meet UMMs needs. In fact, thanks to Law 47/2017, Italian legislation is considered one of the most advanced. The article briefly describes what has been achieved and what remains to do to meet the most important needs of UMMs. It is based on the assumption that the presence of UMMs in our country is no longer an exceptional phenomenon.
The Demographic trap of Italian cities. A multidimensional analysis
Authors: LECARDANE GIUSEPPE , CARBONARA MONICA , FULLONE FLORA
Published: December 2024

One of the main effects of the demographic crisis facing Italy is the depopulation of entire areas of our country. In 2023, the Italian population fell by 180,000 due to a decline in births and an increase in deaths. The aim of this paper is to analyze the phenomenon of depopulation provincial capitals in recent years, using data from the Istat Census of Population and Housing. The impact of the various components that contribute annually to the population balance in the different areas of the country is assessed. In particular, through an exploratory and multidimensional analysis of the phenomenon, the aim is to identify the main characteristics of demographic decline and the existence of territorial imbalances. The level of fragility of the municipalities is also highlighted which aims to identify the provincial capitals most exposed to environmental and socio-economic risk factors.
Kidults in the making? How does the parent-child relationship quality impact home-leaving decision: insights from graphical models
Authors: Dore Gabriele
Published: December 2024

This longitudinal analysis investigates the impact of the quality of the mother-child and father-child relationship on the home-leaving decision. Leveraging retrospective data from the 2017 Wave 7 of SHARELIFE, we conceived two plausible causal mechanisms for the two dyads via Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs). We applied the Backdoor Criterion to select control variables and employed Discrete-Time Survival Analysis to estimate the effect of the mother-child and father-child relationship quality on the decision to leave the parental nest for individuals aged between 15-49 years old.
Results reveal significant differences in the impact of mother-child and father-child relationship quality on the transition to independent living. Constructive mother-child relationships may not lead to delayed launching, and the probability of nest leaving increases as the relationship quality decreases. Conversely, the father-child relationship does not appear to be central in terms of effect size and significance. These results led us to hypothesise a transition-specific impact of the mother-child relationship on home-leaving dynamics.
Territorial aggregation of medium size cities and their gravitational territory for effective cohesion policies
Authors: Barbera Pietro , Dolce Alberto , Milazzo Rosario , Pucci Ornella
Published: December 2024

The Unitary Cohesion Policy in the previous programming cycle (2014-2020) focused on Urban and Inner Areas, but in the current cycle (2021-2027), the approach has expanded to larger territories. This approach targets local development policies, encompassing metropolitan and medium-sized urban areas, inner areas, and other intermediate territorial systems based on internal functional connections. However, the lack of a clear definition for "intermediate" territories makes it challenging for statistics to identify suitable areas for public intervention. Consequently, some territories characterized by economic, cultural, and social centres with significant demographic decline and rapid aging may lack adequate public policies. The Regional Programme ERDF in Sicily for 2021-2027 has been designed to be geographically structured in a way that best addresses the needs and challenges expressed by the entire Sicilian territory. This includes the goal of countering demographic decline and population aging.To plan and implement effective public policies aligned with the cohesion objectives for 2021-2027, the first step is to define territorial systems based on strict criteria of functionality and internal homogeneity. In this context, a new representation of the Sicilian territory has been developed. It involves dividing the regional territory into "urban" areas (Functional Urban Areas-FUA) and "non-urban" areas (Inner Areas-AI) based on established criteria (OCSE/Eurostat, SNAI). Given the absence of a clear definition for "medium-sized cities" and their associated territories, the authors have identified Urban Rank Inter-Municipal Systems (SIRU) as territories sharing similar characteristics that can contribute to regional-level impacts through place-based strategies. This method involves considering commuting flows of Local Labour Systems (SLL) and local services to identify territories characterized by shared anthropic pressure factors and underutilized resources and attractors. The method yielded the following outcomes, as the selection of a group of medium-sized cities based on demographic and territorial dimensions, functions, and services for a wider area, and past cooperation for local development, the identification of other municipalities with similar specializations and urban criticalities and the framing of inter-municipal systems of urban rank in the "Area Vasta (large)" including a network of poles of attractiveness and relevant functional connections to enhance potentials through infrastructure interventions and standards of services provided by the FESR intervention.
Shaping the future of Italian education: overcoming challenges and seizing opportunities
Authors: Visconti Federico
Published: December 2024

This conference speech discusses key findings from the ISTAT Annual Report 2024 on Italy’s education system, highlighting both progress and significant challenges. While Italy performs comparably to other European countries in bachelor’s and master’s degree attainment, it lags in doctorate and specialized degrees, as well as overall education levels among young people, many of whom hold only secondary school diplomas. These gaps stem from systemic issues but can be addressed through joint efforts by families, students, and universities. Families should foster resilience and independence rather than overprotection, while students must demonstrate accountability, motivation, institutional discipline, and a commitment to learning. Universities, in turn, must embrace their evolving role by teaching lifelong learning skills, aligning with labour market needs, fostering innovation, and strengthening ties with businesses and other institutions. Pursuing high-quality academic research to enhance institutional reputation and to grow doctorates, adopting innovative teaching practices, improving resource allocation, and collaborating effectively with external stakeholders including companies are essential steps to transform universities into drivers of growth, benefiting young people, businesses, and Italian society as a whole.
ສຶກສາຜົນກະທົບຂອງສິ້ນໄໝລາຍຊໍາເໜືອທີ່ຕໍ່າດ້ວຍຈັກຕໍ່ຜູ້ຜະລິດສິ້ນໄໝມ້ອນຊໍາເໜືອທີ່ຕໍ່າດ້ວຍມື
Authors: ພົມມະສານ ສີລິຈັນ , ມີຫາພົນ ຄໍາພັນ , ລັດດາວົງ ສຸດສາຄອນ , ຊ້າງໄຊຍະສານ ສີທະນົນໄຊ , ສີຈັນທາ ສຸກສາຄອນ
Published: December 2024

ການສຶກສາເລື່ອງຜົນກະທົບຂອງສິ້ນໄໝລາຍຊໍາເໜືອທີ່ຕໍ່າດ້ວຍເຄື່ອງຈັກຕໍ່ຜູ້ຜະລິດສິ້ນໄໝມ້ອນຊໍາເຫນືອທີ່ຕໍ່າດ້ວຍມື (ກໍລະນີສຶກສາ ເມືອງຊຳເໜືອ ແຂວງ ຫົວພັນ), ໂດຍມີຈຸດປະສົງ ຄື ສຶກສາຂໍ້ມູນທົ່ວໄປຂອງຜູ້ຕ່ຳສິ້ນໄໝຊຳເໜືອທີ່ຕ່ຳດ້ວຍມື ແລະ ປະເມີນຄວາມຄິດເຫັນຂອງຜູ້ຕໍ່າສິ້ນຊໍາເໜືອດ້ວຍມື ຕໍ່ກັບຜົນກະທົບຂອງສິ້ນໄໝລາຍຊໍາເຫນືອທີ່ຕໍ່າດ້ວຍເຄື່ອງຈັກ, ໂດຍໃຊ້ແບບສອບຖາມໃນການເກັບກຳຂໍ້ຈາກຜູ້ຕໍ່າສິ້ນໄໝຊຳເໜືອດ້ວຍມື ທີ່ເມືອງຊຳເໜືອ ແຂວງຫົວພັນ ສາມາດເກັບກຳຂໍ້ມູນໄດ້ 98 ຕົວ ຢ່າງ, ສະທິຕິທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການວິເຄາະຂໍ້ມູນແມ່ນ ຄ່າຄວາມຖີ່, ສ່ວນຮ້ອຍ, ຄ່າສະເລ່ຍ ແລະ ຄ້າຜັນປ່ຽນມາດຕະຖານ ຜົນການສຶກສາພົບວ່າຜູ້ຕອບແບບສອບຖາມສ່ວນຫຼາຍແມ່ນເພດຍິງ ຈຳນວນ 97 ຄົນ ຄິດເປັນ 98.93 ສ່ວນຮ້ອຍ, ຜູ້ຕໍ່າສິ້ນໄໝຊໍາເໜືອທີ່ເປັນເຈົ້າຂອງກິດຈະການມີອາຍຸສະເລ່ຍ 40.81 ປີ ສ່ວນຜູ້ທີ່ຮັບຈ້າງຕໍ່າສິ້ນ ມີອາຍຸສະເລ່ຍ 35.33 ປີ, ດ້ານສະຖານະພາບສ່ວນຫຼາຍແມ່ນແຕ່ງງານ ມີຈຳນວນ 90 ຄົນ ຄິດເປັນ 91.84 ສ່ວນຮ້ອຍ, ລະດັບການສຶກສາສ່ວນຫຼາຍແມ່ນຈົບການສຶກສາພຽງແຕ່ຊັ້ນມັດຖະຍົມ ມີຈຳນວນ 58 ຄົນ ຄິດເປັນ 59.18 ສ່ວນຮ້ອຍ ແລະ ຈົບປະຖົມ 25 ຄົນ ຄິດເປັນ 25.51 ສ່ວນຮ້ອຍ, ສະມາຊິກໃນຄົວເຮືອນ ສ່ວນຫຼາຍແມ່ນມີສະມາຊິກຄົວເຮືອນ 2 – 6 ຄົນ ມີຈຳນວນ 68 ຄອບຄົວ ຄິດເປັນ 69.39 ສ່ວນຮ້ອຍ, ສະມາຊິກຄອບຄົວທີ່ມີລາຍໄດ້ ສ່ວນຫຼາຍແມ່ນ 2 – 6 ຄົນ ມີຈໍານວນ 82 ຄອບຄົວ ຄິດເປັນ 83.67 ສ່ວນຮ້ອຍ, ສ່ວນຫຼາຍຜູ້ຕໍ່າສິ້ນໄໝຊຳເໜືອສ່ວນຫຼາຍແມ່ນ ເປັນເຈົ້າຂອງກິດຈະການ ມີຈຳນວນ 86 ຄົນ ຄິດເປັນ 87.76 ສ່ວນຮ້ອຍ, ແຫຼ່ງເງິນທຶນທີ່ນຳໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຕໍ່າສິ້ນໄໝສ່ວນຫຼາຍແມ່ນໄດ້ມາຈາກການກູ້ຢືມ ມີຈຳນວນ 66 ຄົນ ຄິດເປັນ 67.35 ສ່ວນຮ້ອຍ, ຈຳນວນກີ່ທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການຕໍ່າສິ້ນສ່ວນຫຼາຍແມ່ນມີ 4 ກີ່ລົງມາ ມີຈຳນວນ 43 ຄົນ ຄິດເປັນ 43.88 ສ່ວນຮ້ອຍ ຮອງລົງມາ ແມ່ນ 5 – 9 ກີ່ ມີຈຳນວນ 35 ຄົນ ຄິດເປັນ 35.71 ສ່ວນຮ້ອຍ, ລາຍໄດ້ຕໍ່ເດືອນຈາກການຕໍ່າສິ້ນຊຳເໜືອດ້ວຍມືສ່ວນຫຼາຍແມ່ນ 2 – 4 ລ້ານກີບຕໍ່ເດືອນ ມີຈຳນວນ 51 ຄົນ ຄິດເປັນ 52.04 ສ່ວນຮ້ອຍ. ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນຂອງຕໍ່ຜູ້ຜະລິດສິ້ນໄຫມມ້ອນຊໍາເໜືອທີ່ຕໍ່າດ້ວຍມື ຕໍ່ກັບຜົນກະທົບຂອງສິ້ນໄຫມທີ່ຕໍ່າດ້ວຍເຄື່ອງຈັກ ເຫັນວ່າດ້ານທີ່ມີຜົນກະທົບຫຼາຍຕໍ່ກັບຜູ້ຕໍ່າສິ້ນຊຳເໜືອທີ່ຕໍ່າດ້ວຍມືແມ່ນ ດ້ານຜະລິດຕະພັນ ມີຄ່າສະເລ່ຍເທົ່າກັບ 3.87, ຮອງລົງມາ ແມ່ນດ້ານລາຄາ ມີຄ່າສະເລ່ຍເທົ່າກັບ 3.55 ສ່ວນດ້ານອື່ນໆແມ່ນມີຜົນກະທົບໃນລະດັບປານກາງຄື ດ້ານຊ່ອງທາງການຈັດຈຳນ່າຍ ມີຄ່າສະເລ່ຍເທົ່າກັບ 3.04, ດ້ານການສົ່ງເສີມການຕະຫຼາດ ມີຄ່າສະເລ່ຍເທົ່າກັບ 3.01 ແລະ ດ້ານຄ່ານິຍົມ ມີຄ່າສະເລ່ຍເທົ່າກັບ 3.02
ຄຳສັບສຳຄັນ: ​ບັນ​ຊີ​-​ການ​ເງິນ, ຜະ​ລິດ​ຕະ​ພັນ​ທີ່​ເຮັດ​ດ້ວຍ​ມື, ການ​ສົ່ງ​ເສີມ​ການ​ຕະ​ຫລາດ
ສຶກສາຄວາມຄິດເຫັນຂອງພະນັກງານສ່ວຍສາອາກອນປະຈໍາແຂວງວຽງຈັນຕໍ່ກັບບັນຫາກວດກາຫຼັງການແຈ້ງລາຍຮັບ
Authors: ຈັນທິລາດ ອະນຸສອນ , ສີຫາລາດ ແກ້ວມະນີ , ເຫຼັກທະບັນດິດ ສັນທະນາ , ຍອດຮັກສາ ວົງເພັດ
Published: December 2024

ການສຶກສາເລື່ອງ “ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນຂອງພະນັກ ງານສ່ວຍສາອາກອນປະຈໍາແຂວງວຽງຈັນ ຕໍ່ບັນຫາກວດກາຫຼັງການແຈ້ງລາຍຮັບ” ໂດຍມີຈຸດປະສົງສຶກສາຄວາມຄິດເຫັນຂອງພະນັກງານສ່ວຍສາອາກອນຢູ່ສ່ວຍສາອາກອນປະຈໍາແຂວງ ວຽງຈັນຕໍ່ບັນຫາກວດກາຫຼັງການແຈ້ງລາຍຮັບ ແລະ ປຽບທຽບຄວາມຄິດເຫັນຂອງພະນັກງານສ່ວຍສາອາກອນຢູ່ສ່ວຍສາອາກອນປະຈໍາແຂວງ ວຽງຈັນຕໍ່ບັນຫາກວດກາຫຼັງການແຈ້ງລາຍຮັບ ໂດຍຈໍາແນກຕາມໄລຍະເວລາການເຮັດວຽກ, ລະດັບຊັ້ນຕໍາແໜ່ງ ແລະ ຂະແໜງການທີ່ສັງກັດ. ກຸ່ມຕົວຢ່າງທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການສຶກສາຄັ້ງນີ້ແມ່ນ ພະນັກງານສ່ວຍສາອາກອນປະຈໍາແຂວງ ວຽງຈັນ ຈໍານວນ 42 ຄົນ; ໂດຍໃຊ້ແບບສອບຖາມໃນການເກັບ ກໍາຂໍ້ມູນ ແລະ ນໍາໃຊ້ໂປຣແກຣມ SPSS ເພື່ອຊອກຫາຄ່າຄວາມຖີ່ (ສ່ວນຮ້ອຍ), ຄ່າສະເລ່ຍ, ຄ່າຜັນປ່ຽນມາດຕະຖານ, ຄິດໄລ່ຄ່າສະຖິຕິທົດສອບ F-Test ຫຼື One-Way ANOVA ເຂົ້າໃນການວິເຄາະຂໍ້ມູນ.ຜົນການສຶກສາຄວາມຄິດເຫັນຂອງພະນັກງານສ່ວຍສາອາກອນປະຈໍາແຂວງ ວຽງຈັນ ຕໍ່ບັນຫາກວດກາຫຼັງການແຈ້ງລາຍຮັບ ໃນບັນຫາດ້ານການວາງແຜນ ແລະ ກະກຽມກ່ອນການກວດກາ ໂດຍ ລວມແລ້ວແມ່ນຢູ່ໃນລະດັບປານກາງ, ດ້ານການດຳ ເນີນການກວດກາ ໂດຍລວມແລ້ວແມ່ນຢູ່ໃນລະດັບປານກາງ, ດ້ານການສະຫຼຸບ ແລະ ການບັນທຶກຜົນການກວດກາໂດຍລວມແລ້ວແມ່ນຢູ່ໃນລະດັບປານກາງ.ໂດຍມີຄ່າສະເລ່ຍ 2.78; 2.75; 2.98 ຕາມລຳດັບ.ຜົນການປຽບທຽບຄວາມຄິດຂອງພະນັກງານສ່ວຍສາອາກອນແຂວງ ວຽງຈັນ ແມ່ນເຫັນໄດ້ວ່າ: ຜູ້ທີ່ມີໄລຍະເວລາເຮັດວຽກແຕກຕ່າງກັນມີຄວາມຄິດເຫັນແຕກຕ່າງກັນໃນດ້ານດຽວເທົ່ານັ້ນ ຄື: ບັນຫາດ້ານ ການດໍາເນີນງານ, ຜູ້ທີ່ມີລະດັບຊັ້ນຕໍາແໜ່ງທີ່ ແຕກຕ່າງກັນມີຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ ແຕກຕ່າງກັນໃນ 2 ດ້ານຄື: ບັນຫາດ້ານການວາງແຜນ ແລະ ການກະ ກຽມກ່ອນການກວດກາ; ບັນຫາດ້ານການສະຫຼຸບ ແລະ ການບັນທຶກຜົນການກວດກາທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນ, ຜູ້ທີ່ມີຂະແໜງທີ່ສັງກັດທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນມີຄວາມຄິດເຫັນແຕກຕ່າງກັນໃນດ້ານດຽວຄື: ບັນຫາດ້ານການສະຫຼຸບ ແລະ ການບັນທຶກຜົນການກວດກາທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນ.ຄໍາສັບສໍາຄັນ: ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ, ພະນັກງານສ່ວຍສາອາກອນ, ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ ແລະ ການກວດກາຫຼັງການແຈ້ງລາຍຮັບ
ການພັດທະນາຮູບແບບບໍລິຫານວິຊາການຂອງມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລວິທະຍາສາດສຸຂະພາບ
Authors: ຈັນທະນຸໄລ ໄພວັນ , ທະລັງສີ ຄຳແສງ , ເລີດສິນໄຊ ອິນຕອງ
Published: December 2024

ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າຄັ້ງນີ້ ມີຈຸດປະສົ່ງເພື່ອ 1) ສຶກສາສະ ພາບການບໍລິຫານວິຊາການ ການຈັດການຮຽນ-ການສອນ, 2) ພັດທະນາຮູບແບບການບໍລິຫານວິຊາການ, 3) ປະເມີນຮູບແບບການບໍລິຫານວິຊາການຂອງມະຫາ ວິທະຍາໄລວິທະຍາສາດສຸຂພາບ, ເປັນການສຶກສາແບບປະລິມານ ແລະ ຄຸນນະພາບ ໂດຍນຳໃຊ້ກຸ່ມປະຊາກອນຕົວຢ່າງ 338 ຄົນ ທີ່ເປັນຜູ້ບໍລິຫານ ແລະ ວິຊາການ ການສຶກສາ, ເຄື່ອງມືໄດ້ແກ່ແບບສອບຖາມເປັນລັກສະນະປະມານຄ່າ 5 ລະດັບ, ມີຄ່າຄວາມເຊື່ອໝັ້ນ 0.89 ແລະ ແບບສຳພາດ, ແບບສົນທະນາກຸ່ມ ແລະ ແບບປະເມີນການຄົ້ນຄວ້າແບ່ງອອກເປັນ 4 ໄລຍະ, ການວິເຄາະຂໍ້ມູນແມ່ນນໍາໃຊ້ໂປຣແກຣມທາງຄອມພິວເຕີ ໂດຍການຫາຄ່າສະເລັ່ຍ, ຄ່າບ່ຽງເບນມາດຕະຖານ ແລະ ຄ່າສ່ວນຮ້ອຍ.ຜົນການສຶກສາພົບວ່າ ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລວິທະຍາສາດສຸຂະພາບມີສະພາບການບໍລິຫານວິຊາການ ໂດຍລວມຢູ່ໃນລະດັບຫຼາຍ ລຽງຕາມລຳດັບຈາກຫຼາຍສຸດຫາໜ້ອຍສຸດແມ່ນດ້ານຈັດການຮຽນ-ການສອນ, ດ້ານການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ, ດ້ານພາກສະໜາມ, ດ້ານບຸກຄະລະກອນ, ດ້ານຜູ້ນຳທາງວິຊາການ, ດ້ານອົບຮົມ, ດ້ານຫຼັກສູດ ແລະ ດ້ານການຮ່ວມມື. ສໍາລັບການພັດທະນາຮູບແບບບໍລິຫານວິຊາການຂອງມະຫາວິທະຍາ ໄລວິທະຍາ ສາດສຸຂະພາບເຫັນວ່າ ການຄັດເລືອກຄູສອນວິຊາການແພດຕາມມາດຕະຖານ ແລະ ເງື່ອນ​ໄຂວິ​ຊາ​ສະ​ເພາະທີ່ມີຄຸນນະພາບ, ການນຳໃຊ້ວັດຖຸອຸປະກອນເທັກນິກການແພດ​ຮ່ວມ​ກັນຂອງຫຼັກ​ສູດແຕ່ລະສາຂາວິຊາ, ຄວາມຮັບຮູ້-ເຂົ້າໃຈຕໍ່ປ່ຽນແປງຂອງສັງຄົມ ແລະ ຂອງໂລກເພື່ອກຳນົດກິດຈະກໍາການປິ່ນປົວທີ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ ແລະ ຜົນການປະເມີນຮູບແບບບໍລິຫານວິຊາການຂອງມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລວິທະຍາສາດສຸຂພາບພົບວ່າ ດ້ານຄວາມເໝາະສົມ, ດ້ານຄວາມເປັນໄປໄດ້, ດ້ານຄວາມຖືກຕອງ ແລະ ຄວບຄຸມ, ດ້ານຄວາມເປັນປະໂຫຍດ ແມ່ນຢູ່ໃນລະດັບຫຼາຍທີ່ສຸດ.
ຄໍາສັບສໍາຄັນ: ການພັດທະນາ, ຮູບແບບບໍລິຫານວິຊາການ ແລະ ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລວິທະຍາສາດສຸຂະພາບ
ສຶກສາການປະຕິບັດ 5 ຫຼັກມູນການສຶກສາ ກໍລະນີສຶກສາ: ຢູ່ໂຮງຮຽນມັດທະຍົມສົມບູນ ປ່ອງຄໍາ ນະຄອນຫຼວງພະບາງ ແຂວງຫຼວງພະບາງ ສົກສຶກສາ 2022-2023
Authors: ສິລິລັດ ຄຳພີ , ເລຍມາເຮີ ເຢຍເຮີ , ອຸດົມສິດ ຫຸມເພັງ , ສຸລິວົງ ເພັດສະໝອນ , ແກ້ວປະເສີດ ດາລີວອນ , ອູ່ຄໍາຫຼ້າ ຈາຍ , ຄົດໄຊໂຍ ໄຊພອນ
Published: December 2024

ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າຄັ້ງນີ້ມີຈຸດປະສົງເພື່ອສຶກສາການປະຕິບັດ 5 ຫຼັກມູນການສຶກສາ ໂຮງຮຽນ ມັດທະຍົມສົມບູນ  ປ່ອງຄໍາ ນະຄອນຫຼວງພະບາງ ແຂວງຫຼວງພະບາງ ສົກສຶກສາ 2022-2023, ໂດຍເປັນການສຶກສາແບບສຳຫຼວດ ນັກຮຽນຊັ້ນມັດທະຍົມຕອນປາຍ ທີ່ເປັນກຸ່ມຕົວຢ່າງ ຈຳນວນ 127 ຄົນ, ຍິງ 71 ຄົນຈາກຈຳນວນນັກຮຽນທັງໝົດຈຳນວນ 421 ຄົນ, ຍິງ 234 ຄົນ. ດ້ວຍວິທີການເລືອກກຸ່ມຕົວຢ່າງແບບ ສຸ່ມປະຊາກອນ 30% ອີງໃສ່ ( ເກນ 15-30% ຂອງທ່ານບຸນຊົມ ສີສະອາດ ), ເຄື່ອງມືທີ່ນໍາມາສຶກສາໃນຄັ້ງນີ້ ໄດ້ແກ່ແບບສອບຖາມຂໍ້ມູນກ່ຽວກັບການປະຕິບັດ 5 ຫຼັກມູນການສຶກສາ ກໍລະນີສຶກສາ: ຢູ່ໂຮງຮຽນມັດທະຍົມສົມບູນ  ປ່ອງຄໍາ ນະຄອນຫຼວງພະບາງ ແຂວງຫຼວງພະບາງ ສົກສຶກສາ 2022-2023. ເຊິ່ງປະກອບມີ 5 ດ້ານ ທີ່ເປັນປັດໄຈຫຼັກ ໄດ້ແກ່: ດາ້ນຄຸນສົມບັດສຶກສາ, ດາ້ນປັນຍາສຶກສາ, ດາ້ນແຮງງານສຶກສາ, ດາ້ນພາລະສຶກສາ, ດາ້ນສິລະປະສຶກສາ.  ການວິເຄາະຂໍ້ມູນແມ່ນນຳໃຊ້ຊອບແວຣ໌ສຳເລັດຮູບ ໂດຍການນາໍ ໃຊ້ໂປຣແກຣມ SPSS.V.21ເພື່ອວິເຄາະຫາຄ່າສະເລ່ຍ () ແລະ  ຄ່າຜັນປ່ຽນມາດຕະຖານ ()
         ຜົນການຄົ້ນຄວ້າພົບວ່າ ການປະຕິບັດ 5 ຫຼັກມູນການສຶກສາ ກໍລະນີສຶກສາ: ຢູ່ໂຮງຮຽນມັດທະຍົມສົມບູນ  ປ່ອງຄໍາ ນະຄອນຫຼວງພະບາງ ແຂວງຫຼວງພະບາງ ສົກສຶກສາ 2022-2023 ແມ່ນຢູ່ໃນລະດັບປານກາງ ມີຄ່າສະເລ່ຍ  = 3,19  ແລະ  = 0,84 ເຊິ່ງສະແດງອອກໃນແຕ່ລະດ້ານດັ່ງນີ້:

ດ້ານນຄຸນສົມບັດສຶກສາ ແມ່ນການປະຕິບັດຢູ່ໃນລະດັບຫຼາຍ ທີ່   = 3,67 ແລະ =  0,96
ດ້ານປັນຍາສຶກສາ ແມ່ນການປະຕິບັດຢູ່ໃນລະດັບປານກາງ ທີ່   = 3,18 ແລະ  =  0,91
ດ້ານນແຮງງານສຶກສາ ແມ່ນການປະຕິບັດຢູ່ໃນລະດັບປານກາງ ທີ່   = 3,18 ແລະ  = 1,01
ດ້ານພາລະສຶກສາ ແມ່ນການປະຕິບັດຢູ່ໃນລະດັບປານກາງທີ່  =  2,83 ແລະ  =0,91
ດ້ານສິລະປະສຶກສາ  ແມ່ນການປະຕິບັດຢູ່ໃນລະດັບປານກາງ   =  3,10 ແລະ  =1,05

ຄໍາສັບສໍາຄັນ:  5 ຫຼັກມູນການສຶກສາ , ການປະຕິບັດ, ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ.
EXPECTATIVAS DE LOS USUARIOS PACIENTES DE SERVICIOS DE BIOANÁLISIS. EXPERIENCIA VENEZUELA
Authors: BUSTAMANTE YACELLI , BRICEÑO RAMON , MENDOZA FABIOLA , VILLAMIZAR LEWIS
Published: December 2024

Para usuarios pacientes que asisten a Servicios de Bioanálisis (S.B.) sus requisitos son las necesidades o expectativas que tienen sobre el Servicio que esperan recibir. Tomando las dimensiones de la Encuesta SERVQUAL (Confiabilidad, Capacidad de Respuesta, Tangible, Seguridad y Empatía) podemos clasificar las expectativas de usuarios pacientes en S.B. y aportar información al Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad. Este estudio descriptivo y cualitativo, tuvo por objeto conocer expectativas de usuarios pacientes de S.B. en Venezuela. Recolectamos una muestra (Muestreo No Probabilístico por Conveniencia) de usuarios pacientes de cinco S.B. en tres estados de Venezuela, quienes contestaron “¿Qué espera usted de un S.B.?” en tres posibilidades abiertas según prioridad, analizando los datos en Excel y R. de todas las respuestas, el 44,4% expresa esperar confiabilidad del S.B. (profesionalismo, confianza y puntualidad) y el 30,1% esperan Empatía (amabilidad, trato cordial y capacidad de empatizar del personal). Para la primera respuesta según prioridad, los usuarios pacientes esperan Confiabilidad (50,4%), Empatía (30,9%), Capacidad de Respuesta (13,3%), Seguridad (3,0%) y lo Tangible (2,7%). Con respecto a Tiempos de respuesta, el 16,9% de los usuarios pacientes lo relacionan como expectativa para un S.B.; mientras que sobre valor metálico del servicio, el 2,8% de los usuarios pacientes respondieron que necesitan un S.B. de precios económicos. En nuestra experiencia, los usuarios pacientes de S.B. en Venezuela esperan obtener atributos asociados en orden de prioridad con la Confiabilidad, Empatía y Capacidad de Respuesta. Las expectativas asociados a Tiempos de Respuesta y Valor del Servicio aparecieron en baja frecuencia.
SARS-CoV-2: ASPECTOS BIOLÓGICOS, EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS Y DIAGNÓSTICOS DE UN CORONAVIRUS EMERGENTE
Authors: Gutiérrez Cristina
Published: December 2024

El SARS-CoV-2 es una variante viral emergente, luego de SARS-CoV-1 y MERS-CoV, causante de la pandemia por COVID-19 de elevada morbilidad y mortalidad en el humano. Esta revisión muestra aspectos biológicos de los Coronavirus, en especial del SARS-CoV-2, su ciclo de replicación, transmisión y diagnóstico de laboratorio. El SARS-CoV-2 es un virus envuelto, resistente al medio ambiente, cuyo genoma ARN de simple cadena y polaridad positiva sirve de molde para la traducción de la polimerasa viral, responsable de una transcripción discontinua durante la replicación del virus, fenómeno que favorece la recombinación genética. En el caso del SARS-CoV-2, la recombinación en la región genómica de la proteína S pudiera explicar el salto zoonótico de murciélagos a humanos y la rápida propagación de la infección viral, transmitida principalmente por vía respiratoria. Las pruebas diagnósticas para COVID-19 son indicadas en personas consideradas como casos sospechosos. Los métodos moleculares, tales como la RT-qPCR en tiempo real que determinan las regiones E y RdRP son los más recomendados para la detección directa del virus. Las pruebas rápidas para detección de antígeno son más sensibles que aquellas que determinan anticuerpos, las cuales han mostrado un elevado porcentaje de resultados falsos negativos ante de los 7 días de aparición de síntomas. En medio de una cuarentena global, el estudio de las características virológicas y de transmisión del SARS-CoV-2 contribuye a una mayor comprensión sobre la inmunopatogenia en COVID-19, el desarrollo de una vacuna contra el virus, pruebas diagnósticas rápidas más sensibles y protocolos terapéuticos efectivos.
SULFATO DE MAGNESIO Y SU ACCIÓN ANTI-INFLAMATORIA EN EXPLANTES DE PLACENTA
Authors: Goncalves Juvic , Casart Ysabel , Camejo María
Published: December 2024

Desde hace más de 60 años, el sulfato de magnesio (MgSO4) es el fármaco de elección para el tratamiento de la preeclampsia en las salas de obstetricia. La etiología de la preeclampsia no ha sido establecida. Diferentes estudios, han demostrado que durante la preeclampsia se presenta una disfunción endotelial y un aumento de los medidores inflamatorios. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del MgSO4 sobre la producción de citocinas en los explantes de placentas sanas del tercer trimestre en condiciones inflamatorias y de hipoxia. Los explantes fueron cultivados en presencia de MgSO4 o Lipopolisacáridos (LPS), tanto en normoxia como hipoxia. Un grupo de explantes fueron tratados con MgSO4 y transcurridas 24 horas se expusieron a LPS y viceversa. En normoxia, el MgSO4 incrementa los niveles de TNF-α e IL-1β, los mismos resultados se obtienen al incubar los explantes con MgSO4 y luego con LPS observándose además un incremento de IL-10. Al exponer los explantes a LPS y luego a MgSO4 aumentaron los niveles de IL-1β. En hipoxia, el MgSO4 promueve la liberación IL-1β. En los explantes expuestos a LPS y luego a MgSO4 aumentaron los niveles de IL-1β. En conclusión, el MgSO4 posee una acción anti-inflamatoria tanto en condiciones de normoxia como de hipoxia, al reducir los niveles de citocinas pro-inflamatorias (TNF-α e IL-1β) y estimular la secreción de citocinas anti-inflamatorias (IL-10) en presencia de LPS en los cultivos de explantes.
VALORES DE REFERENCIA DE ZINC Y COBRE EN NIÑOS APARENTEMENTE SANOS
Authors: Garcés María Fátima , Hernández Celsy , Bustamante Yacelli , Patiño Yraima , Rodríguz Betania , Márquez Ana , Moreno Xiomara
Published: December 2024

El zinc (Zn) y el cobre (Cu) son oligoelementos importantes para el desarrollo cognoscitivo y neurológico normal de los niños. Objetivo: Establecer los valores de referencia de Zn y Cu séricos en niños aparentemente sanos. Métodos: Se utilizaron muestras de suero de niños de ambos sexos (n = 69), clínicamente sanos, elegidos al azar, provenientes del Colegio “Patria de Bolívar”, ubicado en Santa Mónica - Caracas, con edades comprendidas entre 4 y 14 años, cuyos padres o representantes aceptaron y dieron su consentimiento informado para la participación del niño en el estudio, todos residentes actuales de la Gran Caracas. Los niveles de Zn y Cu se determinaron en muestras de suero, recolectadas luego de un periodo de ayuno de 8 a 12 horas, libres de hemólisis, ictericia y turbidez, por un método estandarizado y controlado, de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Resultados: Las concentraciones séricas promedio de Zn, Cu y relación Zinc/Cobre (Zn/Cu) fueron de 1,159 ± 0,269, 1,660 ± 0,238 y 0,712 ± 0,206, mg/L, respectivamente. No hubo diferencias significativas en las concentraciones de los elementos Zn y Cu entre los varones y las hembras en los diferentes grupos etarios. No se encontraron deficiencias de Zn y Cu en los niños incluidos en estudio. Los valores de referencia determinados para Zn fueron de 0,781 – 1,815 mg/L, Cu 1,230 – 2,132 mg/L y relación Zn/Cu 0,398-1,223. Conclusiones: La metodología estandarizada que se empleó para llevar a cabo las respectivas determinaciones de Zn y Cu por Espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, resultó adecuadamente precisa, y útil para el análisis de las muestras clínicas. Es necesario establecer los valores de referencia de estos oligoelementos en la población pediátrica, a fin de poder evidenciar posibles deficiencias que puedan afectar el normal desarrollo neurológico y cognoscitivo en los niños, entre otros aspectos.
ESPECTROMETRÍA DE MASAS/MALDI-TOF Y REACCIÓN EN CADENA DE LA POLIMERASA: TÉCNICAS COMPLEMENTARIAS EN LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE BIOMOLÉCULAS
Authors: Palencia Aura , Romero Gabriela
Published: December 2024

La introducción de la espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF (una técnica basada en principios físicos-químicos destinada originalmente a otras aplicaciones) en el diagnóstico clínico, puede aumentar o complementar la eficiencia de diversas técnicas. Actualmente, esta técnica se ha convertido en una alternativa no solo para el diagnóstico temprano de enfermedades infecciosas sino también para estudios epidemiológicos que favorecen nuevas estrategias de prevención y control, sin desplazar a la biología molecular, más bien complementándola. En este artículo se revisan diferentes estudios que evaluan la concordancia en la identificacion de bacterias, virus, hongos y parásitos por MALDI-TOF MS, PCR y técnicas microbiológicas convencionales evidenciandose la eficacia, confiabilidad y excelente desempeño de la espectrometría de masas incluso en cuanto a costo y tiempo.
Analisis Capaian Laba Perusahaan Dengan Metode Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Respon Investor
Authors: Ayuning Puri Pustika , Nurhasanah Siti
Published: December 2024

Abstrak— Setiap perusahaan yang berorientasi pada profit memiliki tujuan yaitu memperoleh keuntungan atau laba sesuai perencanaan keuangan,yang mana akan meningkatkan nilai perusahaan sehingga akan menarik minat para investor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan informasi ini sebagai dasar untuk mengevaluasi profitabilitas perusahaan, yang pada gilirannya akan digunakan oleh investor untuk mengevaluasi kinerjanya. Koefisien respon pendapatan dan rasio profitabilitas/leverage masing-masing merupakan variabel dependen dan independen, dalam penelitian ini. Laporan keuangan dari perusahaan yang telah melakukan initial public offering (IPO) dalam lima tahun antara 2016 dan 2020 menjadi data sekunder untuk studi kuantitatif ini, yang akan dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Dari hasil uji hipotesis nilai Earnings Response Coefficient (ERC) pada perusahaan yang telah melakukan IPO selama 5 tahun dari 2016 – 2020 tidak signifikan dipengaruhi oleh profitability dan leverage, dimana profitability berpengaruh negatif dan leverage berpengaruh positif.
Kant on Freedom and Human Nature (Review)
Authors: Del Bianco David
Published: December 2024

Review of Luigi Filieri, Sofie Møller (Eds.): Kant on Freedom and Human Nature
Una distinción entre “reconocimiento en el concepto” y “unidad objetiva” en el juicio, en la Deducción trascendental de las categorías.
Authors: Lagos Nuñez Genaro
Published: December 2024

En la Deducción trascendental de las categorías, no queda del todo claro qué quiere decir Kant con ‘unidad subjetiva de la conciencia’, en contraste a la ‘unidad objetiva’, y esto provoca confusiones en la interpretación de su teoría del juicio. En este artículo mostraré que, tanto la unidad subjetiva de la conciencia como la unidad sintético-originaria de la apercepción, deben comprenderse como anteriores y condición de posibilidad de todo juicio. Esta interpretación intenta mostrar, a través de dichas consideraciones, la diferencia entre el ‘reconocimiento en el concepto’ y la ‘unidad objetiva’ en el juicio, tal como se determina en el §19
Reseña de Otfried Höffe: Der Weltbürger aus Königsberg. Immanuel Kant heute. Person und Werk
Authors: Leyva Gustavo
Published: December 2024

Reseña de Der Weltbbürger aus Köngisberg. Immanuel Kant heute. Person und Werk  de Otfried Höffe (Wiesbaden: S. Marix Verlag, 2024)