bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tidal and Meteorological Influences on the Growth of Invasive Spartina alterniflora: Evidence from UAV Remote Sensing
Authors: Zhu Xudong , Meng Lingxuan , Zhang Yihui , Weng Qihao , Morris James
Published: May 2019

Rapid invasion of Spartina alterniflora into Chinese coastal wetlands has attracted much attention. Many field and remote sensing studies have examined the spatio-temporal dynamics of S. alterniflora invasion; however, spatially explicit quantitative analyses of S. alterniflora invasion and its underlying mechanisms at both patch and landscape scales are seldom reported. To fill this knowledge gap, we integrated multi-temporal unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery, light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived elevation data, and tidal and meteorological time series to explore the growth potential (lateral expansion rates and canopy greenness) of S. alterniflora over the intertidal zone in a subtropical coastal wetland (Zhangjiang estuarine wetland, Fujian, China). Our analyses of patch expansion indicated that isolated S. alterniflora patches in this wetland experienced high lateral expansion over the past several years (averaged at 4.28 m/year in patch diameter during 2014–2017), and lateral expansion rates ( y , m/year) showed a statistically significant declining trend with increasing inundation ( x , h/day; 3 ≤ x ≤ 18 ): y = − 0.17 x + 5.91 , R 2 = 0.78 . Our analyses of canopy greenness showed that the seasonality of the growth potential of S. alterniflora was driven by temperature (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.76 ) and precipitation ( r = 0.68 ), with the growth potential peaking in early/middle summer with high temperature and adequate precipitation. Together, we concluded that the growth potential of S. alterniflora was co-regulated by tidal and meteorological regimes, in which spatial heterogeneity is controlled by tidal inundation while temporal variation is controlled by both temperature and precipitation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first spatially explicit quantitative study to examine the influences of tidal and meteorological regimes on both spatial heterogeneity (over the intertidal zone) and temporal variation (intra- and inter-annual) of S. alterniflora at both patch and landscape scales. These findings could serve critical empirical evidence to help answer how coastal salt marshes respond to climate change and assess the vulnerability and resilience of coastal salt marshes to rising sea level. Our UAV-based methodology could be applied to many types of plant community distributions.
Current Activity of the Long Point Fault in Houston, Texas Constrained by Continuous GPS Measurements (2013–2018)
Authors: Liu Yuhao , Sun Xiaohan , Wang Guoquan , Turco Michael J. , Agudelo Gonzalo , Bao Yan , Zhao Ruibin , Shen Shuilong
Published: May 2019

The Long Point Fault is one of the most active urban faults in Houston, Texas, which belong to a complex system of normal growth faults along the Texas Gulf Coast. To assess the activity of the Long Point Fault, a GPS array with 12 permanent stations was installed along the two sides of the 16-km-long fault scarp in 2013. GPS datasets were processed with the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and Double-Difference (DD) methods. The daily PPP solutions with respect to the International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Reference Frame 2014 (IGS14) were converted to the Stable Houston Reference Frame (Houston16). The six-year continuous GPS observations indicate that the Long Point Fault is currently inactive, with the rates of down-dip-slip and along-strike-slip being below 1 mm/year. The Long Point Fault area is experiencing moderate subsidence varying from 5 to 11 mm/year and a coherent horizontal movement towards the northwest at a rate of approximately 2 to 4 mm/year. The horizontal movement is induced by the subsidence bowl that has been developing since the 1980s in the Jersey Village area. Current surficial damages in the Long Point Fault area are more likely caused by ongoing uneven subsidence and its induced horizontal strains, as well as the significant seasonal ground deformation, rather than deep-seated or tectonic-controlled fault movements. The results from this study suggest a cause-and-effect relationship between groundwater withdrawals and local faulting, which is pertinent to plans for future urban development, use of groundwater resources, and minimization of urban geological hazards.
A Soft-Threshold Filtering Approach for Tomography Reconstruction from a Limited Number of Projections with Bilateral Edge Preservation
Authors: Wirtti Tiago , Salles Evandro
Published: May 2019

In X-ray tomography image reconstruction, one of the most successful approaches involves a statistical approach with l 2 norm for fidelity function and some regularization function with l p norm, 1 < p < 2 . Among them stands out, both for its results and the computational performance, a technique that involves the alternating minimization of an objective function with l 2 norm for fidelity and a regularization term that uses discrete gradient transform (DGT) sparse transformation minimized by total variation (TV). This work proposes an improvement to the reconstruction process by adding a bilateral edge-preserving (BEP) regularization term to the objective function. BEP is a noise reduction method and has the purpose of adaptively eliminating noise in the initial phase of reconstruction. The addition of BEP improves optimization of the fidelity term and, as a consequence, improves the result of DGT minimization by total variation. For reconstructions with a limited number of projections (low-dose reconstruction), the proposed method can achieve higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measurement (SSIM) results because it can better control the noise in the initial processing phase.
A Design Approach to IoT Endpoint Security for Production Machinery Monitoring
Authors: Tedeschi Stefano , Emmanouilidis Christos , Mehnen Jörn , Roy Rajkumar
Published: May 2019

The Internet of Things (IoT) has significant potential in upgrading legacy production machinery with monitoring capabilities to unlock new capabilities and bring economic benefits. However, the introduction of IoT at the shop floor layer exposes it to additional security risks with potentially significant adverse operational impact. This article addresses such fundamental new risks at their root by introducing a novel endpoint security-by-design approach. The approach is implemented on a widely applicable production-machinery-monitoring application by introducing real-time adaptation features for IoT device security through subsystem isolation and a dedicated lightweight authentication protocol. This paper establishes a novel viewpoint for the understanding of IoT endpoint security risks and relevant mitigation strategies and opens a new space of risk-averse designs that enable IoT benefits, while shielding operational integrity in industrial environments.
The Current State of Weight-Cutting in Combat Sports
Authors: Barley Oliver , Chapman Dale , Abbiss Chris
Published: May 2019

In combat sports, athletes are divided into categories based on gender and body mass. Athletes attempt to compete against a lighter opponent by losing body mass prior to being weighed (i.e., ‘weight-cutting’). The purpose of this narrative review was to explore the current body of literature on weight-cutting and outline gaps for further research. Methods of weight-loss include energy intake restriction, total body fluid reduction and pseudo extreme/abusive medical practice (e.g., diuretics). The influence of weight-cutting on performance is unclear, with studies suggesting a negative or no effect. However, larger weight-cuts (~5% of body mass in <24 h) do impair repeat-effort performance. It is unclear if the benefit from competing against a smaller opponent outweighs the observed reduction in physical capacity. Many mechanisms have been proposed for the observed reductions in performance, ranging from reduced glycogen availability to increased perceptions of fatigue. Athletes undertaking weight-cutting may be able to utilise strategies around glycogen, total body water and electrolyte replenishment to prepare for competition. Despite substantial discussion on managing weight-cutting in combat sports, no clear solution has been offered. Given the prevalence of weight-cutting, it is important to develop a deeper understanding of such practices so appropriate advice can be given.
Prevalence of Coexistent Plantaris Tendon Pathology in Patients with Mid-Portion Achilles Pathology: A Retrospective MRI Study
Authors: Khullar Sachin , Gamage Prasanna , Malliaras Peter , Huguenin Leesa , Prakash Ashutosh , Connell David
Published: May 2019

Co-existence of Plantaris tendinopathy (PT) in patients with mid-Achilles tendinopathy (Mid-AT) is of clinical significance. This study aims to describe the MRI-based pathological characteristics of co-existing PT and Mid-AT. One-hundred MRI studies of patients diagnosed with Mid-AT were retrospectively analysed by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist. Presence or absence of a Plantaris tendon, co-existing PT with Mid-AT, insertional characteristics of Plantaris tendon, and maximum anteroposterior thickness of the tendon in Mid-AT (axial images) were evaluated. When PT co-existed with Mid-AT, the location of the tendon pathologies in relation to calcaneal insertion was assessed (sagittal images) and their association was analysed using the coefficient of variation (CV) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Plantaris was present in 84 cases (84%), and Mid-AT and PT co-existed in 10 cases (10%). A greater variability in the location of Plantaris pathology (CV = 42%) than Achilles tendinopathy (CV = 42%) was observed. The correlation coefficient also revealed a low and non-significant association between the location of two pathologies when they exist together (r = +0.06; p = 0.88). Clinical evaluation of Achilles tendon pain needs careful consideration into the possible co-existence of Plantaris pathology. The considerable difference observed in the location of PT and Mid-AT suggest possible isolated pathologies and differentials for Achilles tendon pain.
A Framework for Assessing Water Security and the Water–Energy–Food Nexus—The Case of Finland
Authors: Marttunen Mika , Mustajoki Jyri , Sojamo Suvi , Ahopelto Lauri , Keskinen Marko
Published: May 2019

Water security demands guaranteeing economic, social and environmental sustainability and simultaneously addressing the diversity of risks and threats related to water. Various frameworks have been suggested to support water security assessment. They are typically based on indexes enabling national comparisons; these may, however, oversimplify complex and often contested water issues. We developed a structured and systemic way to assess water security and its future trends via a participatory process. The framework establishes a criteria hierarchy for water security, consisting of four main themes: the state of the water environment; human health and well-being; the sustainability of livelihoods; and the stability, functions and responsibility of society. The framework further enables the analysis of relationships between the water security criteria as well as between water, energy and food security. The framework was applied to a national water security assessment of Finland in 2018 and 2030. Our experience indicates that using the framework collaboratively with stakeholders provides a meaningful way to improve understanding and to facilitate discussion about the state of water security and the actions needed for its improvement.
External Pressure, Corporate Governance, and Voluntary Carbon Disclosure: Evidence from China
Authors: He Pinglin , Shen Huayu , Zhang Ying , Ren Jing
Published: May 2019

This paper uses manually collected data of carbon information disclosure for listed companies, from 2009 to 2015 in China, to measure corporate carbon information disclosure, and it explores the impact of external pressure and internal governance on carbon information disclosure through text analysis and a hierarchy analysis process. The results show that, firstly, the greater the external pressure is, the higher the level of carbon information disclosure will be; that is, when listed companies are state-owned enterprises or in heavy pollution industries, the level of carbon information disclosure is higher. Secondly, the higher the level of corporate governance is, the higher the level of carbon information disclosure will be; that is, when the board of directors is larger, the proportion of independent directors is higher, and the chairman and general manager positions are differentiated, the level of carbon information disclosure is higher. Furthermore, when listed companies are state-owned and in heavy pollution industries, the level of carbon information disclosure is higher; when the chairman and general manager are in the same position (lower governance level), the positive impact of government pressure on carbon disclosure is less significant, the positive impact of external pressure on carbon disclosure is less significant, and the positive interactive impact of government pressure and external pressure on carbon disclosure is less significant. The conclusions of this paper are still robust after Heckman two-stage regression, propensity score matching (PSM) analysis, sub-sample regression, and double clustering analysis.
Designed DNA-Encoded IL-36 Gamma Acts as a Potent Molecular Adjuvant Enhancing Zika Synthetic DNA Vaccine-Induced Immunity and Protection in a Lethal Challenge Model
Authors: Louis Lumena , Wise Megan C. , Choi Hyeree , Villarreal Daniel O. , Muthumani Kar , Weiner David B.
Published: May 2019

Identification of novel molecular adjuvants which can boost and enhance vaccine-mediated immunity and provide dose-sparing potential against complex infectious diseases and for immunotherapy in cancer is likely to play a critical role in the next generation of vaccines. Given the number of challenging targets for which no or only partial vaccine options exist, adjuvants that can address some of these concerns are in high demand. Here, we report that a designed truncated Interleukin-36 gamma (IL-36 gamma) encoded plasmid can act as a potent adjuvant for several DNA-encoded vaccine targets including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and Zika in immunization models. We further show that the truncated IL-36 gamma (opt-36γt) plasmid provides improved dose sparing as it boosts immunity to a suboptimal dose of a Zika DNA vaccine, resulting in potent protection against a lethal Zika challenge.
Stabilization of Vehicle Dynamics by Tire Digital Control—Tire Disturbance Control Algorithm for an Electric Motor Drive System
Authors: Akutagawa Keizo , Wakao Yasumichi
Published: May 2019

We propose an algorithm with disturbance control for tires on electric vehicles (EVs) so as to improve the steering stability of the vehicle. The effect was validated on EVs equipped with twin independent electric motors on a skid pad. The algorithm with the disturbance controller can remove the external noise generated on tires in order to suppress the abrupt slip and micro vibration generated between the tire and road surface, especially on low friction surfaces at the critical speed of the vehicle. The effective frequency corresponded to tire scale length. The effect was verified by the fact that the hysteresis loop with control on the chart of steer angle and yaw rate showed a smaller loop than those without control. The hysteresis loop with control also appeared at the oversteering area, which can be interpreted as evidence that the algorithm can make the vehicle more stable and gain faster speed on the skid pad. It is concluded that the tire digital control works well without any information from sensors on the vehicle body and without any cooperative control between tires.
IIMPROVEMENT OF THE METHOD FOR ESTIMATING DEFORMATIONS IN STRUCTURES OF UNFINISHED CONSTRUCTIONS AT THE PROCESS OF TECHNICAL EXPERTISE
Authors: Давиденко П. , Davidenko Polina , Кладиев Н. , Kladiev Nikolay , Наумов А. , Naumov Andrey , Жариков И. , Zharikov Igor' , Ерижокова Е. , Erizhokova Elena
Published: May 2019

In the production of structures surveys for unfinished buildings, the tasks of studying the current and estimating the final stress-strain condition after completion are being solved. An incomplete object that is in various stages of completeness of its individual fragments has a significant impact on prognostic estimates. The paper presents the author's experience of finite element modeling of the unfinished reinforced concrete frame with regard to its actual element-by-element completion and a practical method for estimating on this basis the values of structural deformations at the stage of completion. The technique allows figuring out the reserves of the structures’ bearing capacity by deformations, focusing the researcher’s attention on the most constructively dangerous ones. This contributes to adoption of rational technical decisions on the resumption of construction and the necessary structural reinforcement. The proposed algorithm for estimating the stress-strain condition of unfinished structures at the stage after completing is based on a comparative assessment of actual surveyed and calculated deformations of structures, obtained by generally accepted structural analysis methods, which contains wide range of method’s applications in the practice of construction expertise
Prospects and Features of the Use of Inflatable Transformable Modules for Manned Space Complexes
Authors: Kryuchkov Boris Ivanovich , Sosyurka Yuri Borisovich , Burdin Boris Vasilievich
Published: May 2019

The paper analyzes the achievements in the development and use of technologies of inflatable transformable modules (TMs) purposed for manned space exploration. The characteristics of experimental models of TMs obtained in the USA and Russia are given. The advantages of the TM technology as compared with existing traditional technologies are shown. The problems and features of the use of transformable modules for manned space complexes are evaluated. The main aspects of cosmonauts’ activity when operating them are discussed.
Decrease of Effects of Mutagenic Factors on a Human Body Under Conditions of a Long-Term Space Flight
Authors: Popova Yelena Vladimirovna , Kutnik Irina Vladimirovna , Kobatov A.I. , Verbitskaya N.B. , Dobrolezh O.V.
Published: May 2019

The paper presents the results of experiments conducted in order to develop a simplified technology for producing fermented milk probiotic foods aboard a manned space complex (MSC). Since a variety of mutagenic factors attacks the human body during a long-term space flight, one can assume that at some moment the compensatory abilities of the human immune system will be completely exhausted.
The developed technology was shown to be a single-stage operation (“Just add water” technology) and requires neither additional equipment nor special knowledge in microbiology for its implementation. The technology was successfully tested aboard the ISS. The samples of fermented milk foods obtained by the crews of the ISS-50 and 52 have a high probiotic potential, so the said technology can be recommended for producing the treatment-prophylactic product during long-term space missions.
Numerical analysis of beam rail bridges - impact factors in the vertical deflection
Authors: Podwórna Monika
Published: May 2019

The impact factors in the vertical deflection obtained in dynamic analysis of BTT systems - bridged / track structure / high speed train (BTT) - are discussed. The BTT system is one of 5 bridges spanning from 15 m to 27 m, modelled as simply supported beams loaded by ICE-3 trains traveling at high speeds. The two-dimensional, physically non-linear BTT model includes: viscoelastic suspension of rail vehicles on two independent axle bogies and non-linear one-sided wheel-rail contact springs according to Hertz theory, access zones for composite construction. The BTT system was divided into subsystems loaded with vertical interactions transmitted by elastic or viscoelastic and physically linear or nonlinear constraints. Using Lagrange equations and internal aggregation of subsystems, discretised according to the finite element method, matrix equations of motion of the subsystems were obtained, with explicit linear left sides and nonlinear implicit right sides, which were integrated numerically using the Newmark method with parameters βN=1/4, γN=1/2. The analysis focus on the effect of random track irregularities on the dynamic response of BTT systems.
Quality and vibration isolation of Level crossing
Authors: Kwiatkowska Ewelina
Published: May 2019

An analysis of level crossing quality on Polish railway lines was conducted. Describes the use of the guidelines in force at the level crossing railway lines. Analysis of the guidelines for the application of level crssing has shown the application to prefer the use of level crssing with ballast. An analysis of vibration isolation in level crssing was performed.
Fastening systems to concrete sleepers – comparison of the operating characteristics of fastening systems: SB and W14
Authors: Chudyba Łukasz
Published: May 2019

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the most important operating characteristics of fastening systems type SB and W14. A review of the applied elastic fastening systems for concrete sleepers was shown. The results of laboratory tests carried out in accordance with the applicable European standards PN-EN 13481 and EN 13146 series have been described synthetically and other operational characteristics such as track gauge regulation, stress control, possibility of track extension and complete of elements of fastening system in the production concrete sleeper plants.
How Housing Brands Use Social Media in Their Marketing Communications?: A Content Analysis
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Meltem , BATUM T. Perçin
Published: May 2019

In recent years, there is an increase in the creativeness and
innovativeness levels of the pioneer and attractive real estate investments. It
is an advantage forhousing brands to attain brand loyalty. One of the best ways
to conveythe loyalty is to establish and manage a brand image through social
media by using the tools on time and effectively. In this study, social media
usage (as amarketing communications – MARCOM tool) of big-scale housing brands
which are top ranked in Turkey and classified by a number of criteria and their
positions in social media have been examined through content analysis. The
study shows that the top companies follow similar ways (for example, mostly
seen as introducing new projects for sales, introducing ads and promotions,
etc.) and they need expertise for a differentiated and effective social media
management. Within this scope, the study makes some suggestions to housing
brands in the light of these findings.
Few-layer bismuthene for 1-μm ultrafast laser applications
Authors: Feng Tianci , Li Xiaohui , Chai Tong , Guo Penglai , Zhang Ying , Liu Ruisheng , Liu Jishu , Lu JiangBo , Ge Yanqi
Published: May 2019

Bismuthene, as a new two-dimensional (2D) material made up of diazo metal elements, has drawn massive attention for its unique electronic, mechanical, and quantum properties. However, the nonlinear optical properties of bismuthene in 1-µm region, especially their applications for ultrafast photonics and internal ultrashort pulse dynamics, has seldom been explored yet. In this work, we investigate the few-layer bismuthene characterizations and apply it as a saturable absorber (SA) in a 1-μm ultrafast pulse generation. Thanks to the narrow bandgap of bismuthene and tapered fiber structure, A special noise like pulse has been obtained. The dynamics is also quite different from previous observed pulses, whose intensity ratio of coherent peak and envelope components is of around 5:4 from the autocorrelation trace. It’s demonstrated that the abnormal noise-like pulses contain more uniform-intensity sub pulses. This proposed pulsed fiber laser based on bismuthene SA source is well suitable for some applications such as material processing, optical logics etc.
Herpetofauna in a highly endangered area: the Triângulo Mineiro region, in Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Authors: Neves Matheus de Oliveira , Yves André , Pereira Elvis Almeida , Alves Leandro , Vasques Jacqueline Bonfim , Coelho Joaquim Fernandes Teixeira , Silva Patricia
Published: May 2019

The Brazilian Cerrado and Atlantic Forest shelter an especially rich herpetofauna and experience strong anthropogenic disturbances, which is also true for the western portion of Minas Gerais State. Herein, we present a list of the herpetofauna from the Triângulo Mineiro region in Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil. From 2012 to 2016, we sampled 28 localities along 23 municipalities in the region, using three sampling methods: active search, pitfall traps, and opportunistic records. We recorded 79 species, 44 amphibians and 35 reptiles. Three species (Bokermannohylasazimai,Ololygoncanastrensis, andPithecopusazureus) are classified as “data deficient” (DD) according to the IUCN. One species (Proceratophrysmoratoi)is classified as “critically endangered” (CR) according to the IUCN Red List, and “endangered” (EN) according to the national red list. However, we suggest listingP.moratoiin the “least concern” category. We also present the first record ofDendropsophuselianeaein Minas Gerais State, and distribution map of the species. Furthermore, we elucidate the composition of the herpetofauna in the Triângulo Mineiro region and contribute to future conservation plans for the region and the species.
« Not In My Cemetery » . Le traitement des corps de migrants morts à la frontière orientale de la Grèce
Authors: Pillant Laurence
Published: May 2019

La frontière gréco-turque est l’une des plus meurtrières du sud de l’Union européenne. Le contrôle migratoire mis en place depuis les années 2000 y fait l’objet d'une attention particulière de la part des autorités. Développé dans différentes configurations socioculturelles, il varie selon les préfectures. La mortalité, qui en est parfois la conséquence, s’insère dans ces contextes pluriels. Ainsi, le sort réservé aux corps des migrants retrouvés morts dans la préfecture d’Évros est différent de celui réservé aux corps des migrants retrouvés morts sur l’île de Rhodes. Par cette étude comparative, je tente de saisir les invariants et les particularités de la procédure de traitement de ces morts. Au-delà de l’intérêt de ce sujet très peu renseigné en Grèce, mon objectif est de comprendre comment le contrôle de la frontière s’étend au-delà de sa fonction initiale et crée de nouveaux espaces (mortuaires) où sont à la fois produites et reproduites les inégalités qui le caractérisent.
Corps absents : des fils disparus et des familles en lutte ? Le cas des migrants tunisiens
Authors: Souiah Farida
Published: May 2019

En Tunisie, depuis 2011, des collectifs et des associations se mobilisent pour et autour de la cause des migrants disparus. Les familles concernées, représentées notamment par l’association La Terre pour tous, réclament le retour des leurs – car l'absence de corps les conduit à espérer qu'ils sont encore vivants – ou des informations qui permettraient de mettre fin à l’incertitude. Les disparus sont-ils devenus des corps anonymes ? Si oui, dans quelles circonstances ? Au cœur du dispositif d’énonciation et des pratiques protestataires se trouve la figure de la mère, souffrante et éplorée, qui accroît la forte portée symbolique de ces disparitions. Attirés par la puissance contestataire de ces luttes, des associations et des collectifs militants, nationaux et transnationaux, se joignent aux familles pour porter leur cause, l’accompagner, la traduire, l’orienter ou l’étendre. Or, tandis que ces acteurs nombreux et variés se saisissent du thème de ces corps absents pour formuler une critique des politiques migratoires et du régime des frontières, l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) tente d’imposer d’autres clés de compréhension de la disparition des migrants et promeut des programmes visant à dissuader les candidats aux départs. De son côté, l’association La Terre pour tous s’approprie, non sans tensions et rivalités, certaines revendications et formes de protestation, mais choisit aussi d’en délaisser d’autres.
Être officiel ou faire officiel ? Sur deux styles de barrages routiers en Afrique de l’Ouest (Ghana/ Sénégal)
Authors: Cissokho Sidy
Published: May 2019

Cette étude compare deux types de barrage routier mis en place par des entités représentant les professionnels du transport de passagers au Ghana et au Sénégal. Loin de se déployer dans un registre concurrent de celui des autorités légales, la légitimité de chacune de ces formes de barrage repose sur la mise en scène d’une proximité avec l’État, son idéal, sa symbolique et les fonctionnaires qui le représente. La mise en regard de ces deux cas permet cependant d’aller encore plus loin. Au Ghana, cette pratique a longtemps été encadrée par le droit. Au Sénégal, elle est en revanche le produit d’une multitude d’accords informels passés à l’échelle des villes ou des régions. Cette différence a doté l’entité ghanéenne de plus de ressources pour mettre en scène son étaticité, mais l’a aussi rendue plus vulnérable aux évolutions de la conjoncture politique nationale que son homologue sénégalaise. Dans ce cas précis, la forme a priori la plus bricolée d’étaticité est loin d’être la plus fragile. Elle apparaît au contraire comme la plus durable, si ce n’est la plus stable.
La théâtrophobie impériale (II e -IV e s.) entre platonisme et christianisme
Authors: Navaud Guillaume
Published: May 2019

La période impériale marque une étape cruciale dans l’histoire de la haine du théâtre. Du II e  au IV e  siècle prolifèrent des textes qui dessinent la carte des autorités et ordonnent la topique des arguments qui seront sans cesse repris à l’époque moderne. La tradition théâtrophobe païenne, initiée par Platon, rencontre la haine du spectacle des premiers chrétiens, qui tendent à retravailler les arguments platoniciens sans toujours reconnaître leur proximité avec eux.
Le corps, le Verbe, les sens. La haine du théâtre dans l’espace germanique (XVI e -XVIII e siècle)
Authors: Mourey Marie-Thérèse
Published: May 2019

L'article se penche sur trois cas exemplaires d'hostilité au théâtre, qui permettent de révéler les crispations intervenues autour de plusieurs formes de pratiques scéniques dans l'espace germanique : le théâtre en Suisse, puis l’opéra à Hambourg, enfin le ballet de cour en Allemagne centrale. Théâtre parlé, chanté et dansé sont réunis dans un même phénomène d’aversion envers le corps et la sensualité, auxquels on oppose la seule légitimité du Verbe.
Le théâtre comme chef-lieu de l’injure dans quelques pamphlets élisabéthains
Authors: Vienne-Guerrin Nathalie
Published: May 2019

L’objet de cette contribution est d’aborder les textes pamphlétaires élisabéthains à la lumière de l’image du porc-épic. Dans son ouvrage consacré aux « mordantes satires », Virgidemiarum . The three last bookes. Of byting satyres (1598), Joseph Hall associe le porc- épic à la satire. Nous montrons que cette image est emblématique d’une idée plus large qui parcourt nombre de textes qui condamnent le théâtre : le monde de la scène est une école de l’injure.
Politique du débat sur le théâtre. Le cas de l’Espagne du Siècle d’Or
Authors: Teulade Anne
Published: May 2019

La controverse du Siècle d’Or espagnol sur le théâtre a souvent été étudiée comme une polémique morale. Cet article s’attache à démontrer que les textes des théâtrophiles, comme ceux des théâtrophobes, engagent des enjeux politiques de premier plan. Il montre d’abord comment ce corpus fait en permanence référence au contexte politique contemporain, avant d’examiner comment sont pensées, à l’époque, les interférences entre l’art théâtral et la politique.
La critique morale, aliment de la théorie esthétique. La Lettre à d’Alembert sur les spectacles et le Paradoxe sur le comédien
Authors: Marie Laurence
Published: May 2019

S’inspirant probablement de Cicéron, Rousseau est le premier auteur en Europe à utiliser le terme « sang-froid » pour décrire le rapport du comédien à son rôle, dans la  Lettre à d’Alembert  (1758). En 1769, dès la version initiale du  Paradoxe sur le comédien , Diderot se réapproprie le mot en le renversant positivement : il transforme la condamnation morale rousseauiste en un dispositif esthétique qui prend à contrepied l’approche sensible majoritaire.
Affect in Jia Zhangke’s 24 City (2008)
Authors: Cheng Grace Y.S. , Lo Louis
Published: May 2019

Le documentaire 24 City (2008) de Jia Zhangke est constitué d’entretiens des personnes ayant vécu des événements difficiles, voire traumatisants. Ces expériences personnelles sont racontées dans des entretiens mis en scène, juxtaposés à certaines images : images de la démolition d’une grande usine, de travailleurs posant pour un portrait devant la caméra, ou de séquences du processus de démolition et de transformation d’une usine-ville (« Usine 420 ») en un complexe immobilier (dénommé « Ville 24 ») à Chengdu en Chine. Considérant que ces personnes interrogées sont ce qu’Ackbar Abbas appelle des sujets « socialistes posthumes », cet article examine la structure affective du film, en particulier les contenus affectifs condensés dans des éléments non narratifs tels que les intertitres.
Quatre interprétations de la trilogie amoureuse de Wong Kar Wai (le cinéma Sinophone après 1980 ou l’invention de l’Image-émotion)
Authors: Heurtebise Jean-Yves
Published: May 2019

Qu’est-ce qu’il y a de spécifique au cinéma sinophone après 1980 ? Afin de répondre à cette question, nous allons proposer quatre interprétations de la trilogie amoureuse de Wong Kar Wai en réponse à la question : qu’est-ce qu’une analyse philosophique d’un film ? L’affirmation de Deleuze selon laquelle « la philosophie est la discipline qui consiste à créer des concepts » ne peut avoir qu’une seule signification : le cinéma n’est pas la philosophie, les films n’impliquent pas la création de concepts. Étrangement, le nom de Deleuze a souvent été associé à l’idée opposée : les films sont philosophiques ; film et philosophie ne font qu’un. Dans cet article, nous proposerons quatre lectures de la « trilogie de l’amour » de Wong Kar-wai : sociologique, géopolitique, existentialiste (en référence aux concepts de Kierkegaard) et proprement philosophique (au sens deleuzien, en termes de catégorie sémiotique). Une lecture véritablement philosophique de la trilogie de l’amour de Wong Kar-wai demande de voir ses films comme la révélation cinématographique des catégories spatio-temporelles qui encadrent notre perception/interaction de/avec la « réalité ». En introduisant la catégorie de l’Image-émotion, nous soutiendrons que la trilogie de Wong Kar Wai produit de nouveaux «  phatosignes  » qui expriment la réalité de notre âge en lequel la valeur même de ce que nous avons n’est reconnue qu’au moment même où nous savons qu’elle est perdue.
La Chine, la France et la Première Guerre mondiale : du symbole à l’histoire
Authors: Bo Xu
Published: May 2019

La venue en France de 140 000 travailleurs chinois durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour participer à l’effort de guerre au côté des alliés et un épisode méconnu de l’histoire des relations franco-chinoises. Sa mémoire devrait cependant contribuer à permettre aux relations entre ces deux pays d’entrer dans une nouvelle ère plus fraternelle.
La modélisation des systèmes urbains : une approche par la physique statistique
Authors: Barthelemy Marc
Published: May 2019

La disponibilité croissante de données dans divers domaines a permis d’entrevoir ou de renouveler les approches quantitatives pour de nombreux phénomènes. Cela est particulièrement vrai pour les systèmes urbains pour lesquels différents dispositifs à différentes échelles produisent une très grande quantité de données potentiellement utiles pour construire une « nouvelle science des villes ». Un nouveau problème que nous devons résoudre est alors d’extraire des informations utiles de ces énormes ensembles de données et de construire des modèles théoriques pour expliquer les observations empiriques. Dans cet article, nous discutons une approche inspirée par la physique statistique et l’illustrons d’exemples de la répartition spatiale de l’activité dans les villes et de la mobilité urbaine. Classification JEL : C00, C18, R00.
Inégalité intergénérationnelle et recyclage d’une taxe carbone
Authors: Gonand Frédéric
Published: May 2019

Cet article analyse les effets redistributifs intergénérationnels du recyclage d’une taxe carbone et leur influence sur le choix public quant aux modalités de recyclage de cette taxe. Nous utilisons un modèle à générations imbriquées paramétré sur données réelles. Nous considérons deux scénarios de réforme, selon que la taxe carbone est recyclée par des dépenses publiques plus élevées ou des impôts directs moins élevés – impliquant alors un « deuxième dividende » pour la croissance. Une taxe carbone recyclée par des impôts plus faibles pèse sur le bien-être intertemporel des baby-boomers mais est plus favorable aux jeunes et aux cohortes futures. Surtout, un planificateur social peut recycler une taxe sur le carbone en augmentant les dépenses plutôt qu’en réduisant les impôts si son aversion pour l’inégalité intergénérationnelle est suffisamment élevée.
Deconstructing Representations of African Americans in the Media
Authors: Harvey Janell
Published: May 2019

A 2014 survey distributed by Runnymede Trust indicates that 74% of respondents believe that media portrayals of minorities promote racism. The media plays a significant role in the ways that African Americans are perceived resulting in implicit bias. Data reveal that biased representations of minorities has existed since the early 1870s. The cinematic representation of African Americans in the media negates reality with portrayals of ignorance and subservience. The chapter uses technical discourse to analyze 20 historical and present advertisements with negative portrayals of African Americans in an attempt to identify strategies used by marketers to dehumanize the Black consumers and shape suburban communities.
Where Have We Gone From There?
Authors: Meadows Dwayne E.
Published: May 2019

It is the author's position that Martin King's final keynote address at the tenth annual session of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, where the theme was “Where Do We Go From Here” is a significant point of reference in the ongoing struggle of African Americans in America. Indeed, 50 years after King's sudden death, his turn toward economic and political empowerment is still the cornerstone of the Black agenda in America. Therefore, with the preceding as our contextual mooring, the author will consider that unique expression of African American culture, Black religion, and the Black church in its 21st century iteration. How has suburban life and the ongoing search for success and the “American Dream” affected Black faith traditions? What do we believe, and who is our God? What has become of the “Souls of Black Folk?”
The Role of Education in Women's Career Life in Emerging Economies
Authors: Yıldırım Seda , Yıldırım Durmuş Çağrı , Çoltu Selen
Published: May 2019

This chapter aimed to explain the role of education on women's career in emerging countries. In this context, this study investigated the importance of education factor for working women in Turkey as a sample of emerging economy. For data collection, survey method was used. The survey was implemented via face-to-face method to working women in the Thracian region of Turkey. Three hundred forty-nine survey forms were conducted and analyzed. As a result, education factor was determined as an alternative tool to create greater career for women. It was indicated that education had a significant and positive effect on women's career life. In addition, it was found that educated women had a greater career, higher income, and greater promotion opportunity. This study supports that women can have a greater career and career development with higher education, and educated women can get greater and more equal work conditions in emerging economies such as Turkey.
Activation of Student Politics and Activism Through #FeesMustFall Campaign in South African Universities
Authors: Tshishonga Ndwakhulu Stephen
Published: May 2019

This chapter critically analyses the FeesMustFall (FMF) campaign led by tertiary students between 2015 and 2017 academic years and its impact in (de)activating student politics and activism at South African universities. Students through their various formations and movements went on a rampage. Considering the decline of students' activism compounded by the dominance of mainstream political parties on campuses, this chapter argues that the 2015-2017 FMF campaign revived the student movement and was fundamental in activating student politics and activism. The chapter argues that despite the sporadic activities led by students, the student movement's activism is in decline. Since this is qualitative study, data from secondary sources (books, accredited journals) were utilized, supplemented by empirical data from selected interviews with individual students and student movements involved in the FMF campaign.
Practicing What We Preach
Authors: Kroeger Stephen D. , Gregson Susan A. , Duda Michelle A. , DeJarnette Anna , Breiner Jonathan M. , Atchison Christopher L.
Published: May 2019

Creating inclusive classrooms is a challenge in general education. To prepare new teachers for diverse K-12 classrooms, faculty at one Midwestern university redesigned their education program to prepare preservice teachers for dual licensure in general and special education. The redesign required middle childhood faculty to learn more about complex conceptual frameworks that are prioritized in school districts across the country. One of these, Universal Design for Learning (UDL), became a non-negotiable component of the new program. An essential learning outcome became preparing pre-service teachers to utilize UDL. After the program was approved, content-area faculty questioned whether they were prepared to implement the framework. Having varied expertise in UDL, faculty wondered if they were teaching UDL effectively, and questioned whether they were modeling UDL concepts with fidelity in their own teaching. Thus, the Dual Licensure Implementation Team (DLIT) was born. This case study describes the process and product of the team's effort to implement UDL with fidelity.
“Asking the Woman Question” in Case Study Research
Authors: Policek Nicoletta
Published: May 2019

Case study research provides the researcher with the opportunity to decide the most convincing epistemological orientation. Such versatility is nonetheless embedded in the assumption of objectivity contends G. Griffin in Difference in View: Women and Modernism, which speaks of an “abstract masculinity” intended here as the assumption of universal humanity where men's and women's experiences are melted into one experience. Case study research, this contribution contends, even when about women, hinders the experience of women, an experience that is always situated, relational, and engaged. In other words, ontologically, it is argued here, the reality of women's lives is absent from the domain of case study research because the language adopted when framing case study research is still very much a language that talks about women, but it does not allow women to speak.
Challenges of a Case Study
Authors: AlBalushi Zaaima Talib
Published: May 2019

This chapter envisions the key challenges of a case study research being faced by researchers and case study itself in terms of the criticism. The case study is an interlinked, multi-perspective and a dynamic analysis-based method, applicable to both qualitative and qualitative research. Considering the significance of applying case study in research methods, there are various advantages with some disadvantages too. These disadvantages are contributing to creating the challenges to case studies. Having a deep strength and weakness analysis of the case study, the factors contributing to challenging the case studies can be easily identified. The major challenges to case studies are based on generalization, validity, reliability, theory role, authority, and authenticity, dependency, and longevity of the case. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the challenges being faced by researchers throughout the application of case study research and has presented a section comprising a solution to these challenges in practical terms.
Effects of Irrigation Management Practices on Water Allocation Among Farmers in Kiladeda Sub-Catchment, Tanzania
Authors: Khatib Mwadini , Obando Joy , Murimi Shadrack
Published: May 2019

Kiladeda River in Pangani Basin, Tanzania plays a vital role of providing water for agricultural activities of the sub-catchment. However, it is experiencing a problem of inequitable distribution of irrigation water among farmers. Cross-sectional data was collected from farmers both in upstream and downstream using questionnaires, while river discharge measurements were conducted in referenced spot gauging stations. WEAP model was used to analyze water demand and allocation among farmers. Furrow irrigation (94%) and plastic buckets (6%) were the main irrigation water management practices. The model results revealed a water shortage of 46.4% of the total irrigation water required. The annual irrigation water demand and unmet demand were 13.93mm3 and 7.47mm3, respectively, and are both expected to increase twice in 2020. This high water demand for irrigation could be the main cause of excessive water abstraction. A partnering approach is recommended to improve irrigation water management, reviewing of laws, regulations, and water rights.
Multi-Temporal Landsat Remote Sensing for Forest Landscape Fragmentation Analysis in the Yoko Forest, Kisangani, DRC
Authors: Ngamba Jean-Fiston Mikwa , Ekokinya Ewango Corneille , Luwesi Cush Ngonzo , Kahindo Yves-Dady Botula , Marie Muhogwa Jean , Seya Hyppolite Nshimba
Published: May 2019

This chapter assessed the impact of human activities on deforestation and sustainability of water resources and livelihoods in the Congo Basin. It mainly aimed to assess forest degradation in the Yoko Reserve from 1976 to 2015 and investigate the compatibility of Landsat imagery for forest monitoring. Digital image processing for unsupervised classification was done using ENVI software while supervised classification was done by means of ArcGIS 10. Results show that forest landscape faced large-scale human-induced fragmentation over the last 40 years. If these trends continue, they will affect the sustainability of water resources and livelihoods in the Congo Basin of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Hence, policymakers need to look at key drivers and address impacts that may threaten the future of hydrological ecosystems services, including water and land resources in the Congo Basin. Authorities have to apply an integrated management of water, land, and ecosystems.
Hydrology and Best Practices for Managing Water Resources in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in Kenya
Authors: Marigi Samwel N.
Published: May 2019

This chapter provides a critical analysis and evaluation of the water issues relevant to Kenya's ASALs. This has particularly been centered on the current resource development and management, future resource demand, as well as extent of its vulnerability to climate variability and change. The water development policy interventions have also been evaluated. The analysis has revealed that water resources are being utilized to satisfy a myriad of demands and that in fact a water shortage already exists in these ASALs. A number of factors including population pressure, poor resource use and management, and other socio-economic activities have been noted to increase the vulnerability of the available water to the impacts of climate change. Recommendations for purposes of ensuring the sustainable utilization of the vital water resource have been proposed.