bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transpulmonary proteome gradients identify pathways involved in the development of pulmonary vascular disease in heart failure
Authors: Melenovsky Vojtech , Jarolim Petr , Kutilkova Eva , Jenca Dominik , Binova Jana , Al-Hiti Hikmet , Franekova Janka , Kikerlova Sona , Adamova Marketa , Miklovic Matus , Borlaug Barry A.
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Some, but not all, patients with heart failure (HF) develop pulmonary vascular disease (PVD), which contributes to poor prognosis. Mechanisms leading to PVD in HF are poorly understood. Unbiased analysis of transpulmonary gradients may identify mediators of PVD by finding proteins consumed or elaborated across the lungs.

Methods

21 controls and 160 HFrEF patients underwent pulmonary artery (PA) catheterization with blood sampling from postcapillary (wedged balloon) and precapillary (unwedged) position to obtain transpulmonary gradients. The samples from controls and HF from the highest (Q4, n=40) and lowest quartile (Q1, n=40) of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were analyzed using proteomic proximity extension assay (Olink) of 275 proteins. Venous blood concentrations or transpulmonary gradients were analyzed to identify biomarkers or mediators of PVD.

Results

Comparison of Q1 and Q4 of PVR identified Surfactant protein-D (PSP-D) as a marker of PVD. Examination of gradients across the lungs in high PVR HF revealed significant uptake of 18 mediators, mostly associated with inflammation (chemokines, oncostatin-M, MMP9) or with TGF/activin pathway (GDF2/BMP9), and release of 5 mediators, notably IL-6 and IL-33. In contrast, these protein gradients were negligible in controls and low PVR HF patients.

Conclusions

The lungs of patients with HF and high PVR, display abnormal uptake and release of proinflammatory cytokines from IL6/gp130 family (IL6, IL33, Oncostatin-M), along with increased transpulmonary uptake of GDF2/BMP9. The study shows that proteins orchestrating inflammation or pulmonary vessel remodeling in group 1 PH, are also operating in patients with PVD due to HF.

Structured graphical abstract

Key question

Can transpulmonary gradients of regulatory peptides, measured by unbiased proteomic assay, provide a hint on mechanisms of increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in patients with heart failure (HF)?

Key findings

In striking contrast to Controls (n=21) and HF with low PVR (n=40), the lungs of patients with HF and high PVR (n=40) display abnormal release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL33), along with increased transpulmonary uptake of chemokines, BNP, Oncostatin M and GDF2/BMP9, a key ligand of BMPRII receptor.

Take home message

The study shows that proteins orchestrating inflammation or pulmonary vessel remodeling in group 1 pulmonary hypertension, are also operating in patients with pulmonary vascular disease due to HF.
Differences in stomatal conductance between leaf shape genotypes ofIpomoea hederaceasuggest divergent ecophysiological strategies
Authors: Singhal Yash Kumar , Boyle Julia Anne , Stinchcombe John R.
Published: February 2025

Intraspecific variation in leaf shape affects many physiological processes but its impact on plant distribution is underexplored. Using a common garden, we studied daytime thermoregulation of lobed and entire leaf genotypes ofIpomoea hederacea, which displays a latitudinal leaf shape cline. Both leaf shapes maintained similar temperatures but entire leaf genotypes had significantly increased stomatal conductance in warmer/sunnier weather. With less potential water loss, lobed genotypes may have advantages in drier conditions. Lobed genotypes are more common in the north of the species’ range, which receives less summer precipitation, suggesting water availability as a potential clinally varying selective agent.
Environment and weight class linked to skin microbiome structure of juvenile Eastern hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis) in human care
Authors: Aplasca Andrea C. , Johantgen Peter B. , Madden Christopher , Soares Kilmer , Junge Randall E. , Hale Vanessa L. , Flint Mark
Published: February 2025

Amphibian skin is integral to promoting normal physiological processes in the body and promotes both innate and adaptive immunity against pathogens. The amphibian skin microbiota is comprised of a complex assemblage of microbes and is shaped by internal host characteristics and external influences. Skin disease is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in amphibians, and increasing research has shown that the amphibian skin microbiota is an important component in host health. The Eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis) is a giant salamander declining in many parts of its range, and captive-rearing programs are important to hellbender recovery efforts. Survival rates of juvenile hellbenders in captive-rearing programs are highly variable, and mortality rates are overall poorly understood. Deceased juvenile hellbenders often present with low body condition and skin abnormalities. To investigate potential links between the skin microbiota and body condition, we collected skin swab samples from 116 juvenile hellbenders and water samples from two holding tanks in a captive-rearing program. We used 16s rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the skin and water microbiota and observed significant differences in the skin microbiota by weight class and tank. The skin microbiota of hellbenders that were housed in tanks in close proximity were generally more similar than those housed physically distant. A single taxa,Parcubacteria, was differentially abundant by weight class only and observed in higher abundance in low weight hellbenders. These results suggest a true association between this taxa and Low weight hellbenders. Additional research is needed to investigate how husbandry factors and potential pathogenic organisms, such asParcubacteria, impact the skin microbiota of hellbenders and ultimately morbidity and mortality in the species.
The number of immune defense and counter-defense systems sustained in the arms race between procaryotes and viruses
Authors: Ispolatov Yaroslav , Lekontseva Anna , Severinov Konstantin
Published: February 2025

Prokaryotes have evolved various mechanisms to counter viruses, which in their turn developed numerous strategies to avoid defenses of the hosts. Dozens of such defense and counter-defense mechanisms have recently been discovered, yet the number of such systems held by a given virus or its host is limited. Here, we present numerical and theoretical arguments for the existence of the maximal number of ecologically and evolutionary sustainable defense and counter-defense systems maintained by both sides at any time of the never-ending evolutionary arms race. We find that the number of such systems is of the order of 10 for a broad range of assumptions about the costs and benefits of defense and counter-defense mechanisms and their specificity. This optimum in the number of defense and counter-defense systems appears as a result of a compromise between the metabolic and autoimmune costs of adding a new layer of defense and the benefits it conveys.

1

Significance statement

Almost all living creatures are either predators or prey (and many are both). At all scales of life, from single cells to largest mammals, prey evolve defenses against predators and predators in their turn evolve counter-defense mechanisms. As a result of this ever-lasting arms race, each organism usually possesses multilayer defense and counter-defense arsenals. Is there a limit to the size of these arsenals? In this work we present a proof-of-principle argument that such a limit indeed exists. Using for definity an example of prokaryotes as the prey and their viruses as predators, we show that the number of distinct defense and counter-defense system that the prey and predators possess is limited by a number of the order of 10 and is only weakly dependent on the ecology of predator-prey interactions. Similar principles and limits likely emerge universally in various antagonistic conflicts such as crime and law enforcement or real arms race.
A multimodal dataset linking wide-field calcium imaging to behavior changes in mice during an operant lever-pull task
Authors: Kondo Masashi , Sehara Keisuke , Harukuni Rie , Aoki Ryo , Sugimoto Shoya , Tanaka Yasuhiro R , Matsuzaki Masanori , Nakae Ken
Published: February 2025

The BraiDyn-BC (Brain Dynamics underlying emergence of Behavioral Change) Database offers an extensive, multimodal dataset that links wide-field calcium imaging of the mouse neocortex to comprehensive behavioral measurements during an operant conditioning task. This dataset includes 15 sessions spanning two weeks of motor skill learning, in which 25 mice were trained to pull a lever to obtain water rewards. Simultaneous high-speed videography captures body, facial, and eye movements, and environmental parameters are monitored. The dataset also features resting-state cortical activity and sensory-evoked responses, enhancing its utility for both learning-related and sensory-driven neural dynamics studies. Data are formatted in accordance with the Neurodata Without Borders (NWB) standard, ensuring compatibility with existing analysis tools and adherence to the FAIR principles. This resource enables in-depth investigations into the neural mechanisms underlying behavior and learning. The platform encourages collaborative research, supporting the exploration of rapid within-session learning effects, long-term behavioral adaptations, and neural circuit dynamics.
Dual-targeting strategy to repurpose Cetuximab with HFn nanoconjugates for immunotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Barbieri Linda , Salvioni Lucia , Banfi Andrea , Garbujo Stefania , Fiandra Luisa , Baioni Chiara , Giustra Marco , Morelli Lucia , Frascotti Gianni , Colombo Miriam , Innocenti Metello , Prosperi Davide
Published: February 2025

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and treatment-resistant malignancy, characterized by the lack of targeted therapies and poor clinical outcomes. Here, we present a dual-targeting strategy combining the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody Cetuximab (CTX) with H-ferritin (HFn), a nanoparticle targeting transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), for potential immunotherapy in CTX-resistant tumors. The HFn-CTX nanoconjugate exhibited favorable biophysical properties, including a hydrodynamic size of <30 nm, and significantly enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in TNBC spheroids compared to CTX alone. Conversely, glioblastoma spheroids did not exhibit comparable reactivity. This effect correlated with elevated cell-surface EGFR expression and plasma-membrane lingering of the nanoconjugate in TNBC cells, facilitating robust immune activation. Biodistribution studies showed selective accumulation of the HFn-CTX nanoconjugate in TNBC tumors in vivo. These findings highlight the potential of HFn-CTX nanoconjugates to repurpose CTX for refractory cancers that express EGFR at high levels like TNBC, leveraging dual-receptor targeting to amplify immune-mediated cytotoxicity and overcome resistance.
Genes with disrupted connectivity in the architecture of schizophrenia gene co-expression networks highlight atypical neuronal-glial interactions
Authors: Radulescu Eugenia , Vértes Petra E. , Han Shizhong , Hyde Tom M. , Kleinman Joel E. , Bullmore Edward T. , Weinberger Daniel R.
Published: February 2025

Dysconnectivity in schizophrenia is a pervasive trait across various levels of systems biology. To better understand disrupted patterns of molecular connectivity distinguishing schizophrenia from control non-clinical populations, we applied novel approaches to gene co-expression networks in large samples of postmortem brains from multiple regions relevant to schizophrenia: the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex- (DLPFC) (Ndonors=297), hippocampus (Ndonors=250) and caudate (Ndonors=349). We identified differentially connected genes (DCGs) in schizophrenia networks that deviated from architectural relationships characteristic of control gene co-expression networks, by assessing three network metrics - total connectivity (K), clustering coefficient (C), and intra-module degree (kIn) determined by projecting the modular community structure of the control networks onto the schizophrenia co-expression networks. Genes showing significant absolute case-control differences for these metrics (i.e., irrespective of difference directionality) were then tested for their relationships with common genetic variants conferring risk of schizophrenia and their biological significance through post-GWAS analyses (stratified LDSC and MAGMA), gene ontology annotations and enrichment in schizophrenia-relevant gene sets.

We identified multiple DCGs, with case-control differences of connectivity metrics, consistent across brain regions. When parsed by parameter specificity, these genes show shared and specific enrichment in schizophrenia genetic signal, biological ontologies and selected cell-type markers. Notably these findings revealed widespread disturbances in co-expression connectivity affecting both neuronal and glial cells, particularly oligodendrocytes.

Overall, our results highlight disrupted co-expression network architecture in schizophrenia, implicating disrupted neuronal-glial crosstalk and its effect on synaptic transmission.
Broad-Spectrum Activity and Mechanisms of Action of SQ109 on a Variety of Fungi
Authors: Malwal Satish R. , Garcia-Rubio Rocio , Kordalewska Milena , Patterson Hoja , Zhang Chi , Calderin Jorge D. , Zhou Ruijie , Pandey Akanksha M. , Shor Erika , Perlin David S. , Wiederhold Nathan P. , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis , Fratti Rutilio , Nacy Carol , Oldfield Eric
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

We investigated the activity of the tuberculosis drug SQ109 against sixteen fungal pathogens:Candida albicans,C. auris,C. glabrata,C. guilliermondi,C. kefyr,C. krusei,C. lusitaniae,Candida parapsilosis,C. tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans,Rhizopusspp.,Mucorspp.,Fusariumspp.,Coccidioidesspp.,Histoplasma capsulatumandAspergillus fumigatus. MIC values varied widely (125 ng/mL to >64 µg/mL) but in many cases we found promising (MIC∼4 µg/mL) activity as well as MFC/MIC ratios of ∼2. SQ109 metabolites were inactive. The activity of 12 analogs of SQ109 againstSaccharomyces cerevisiaecorrelated with protonophore uncoupling activity, suggesting mitochondrial targeting, consistent with the observation that growth inhibition was rescued by agents which inhibit ROS species accumulation. SQ109 disrupted H+/Ca2+homeostasis inS. cerevisiaevacuoles, and there was synergy (FICI∼0.31) with pitavastatin, indicating involvement of isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway inhibition. SQ109 is, therefore, a potential antifungal agent with multi-target activity.
Residue conservation and solvent accessibility are (almost) all you need for predicting mutational effects in proteins
Authors: Tsishyn Matsvei , Hermans Pauline , Pucci Fabrizio , Rooman Marianne
Published: February 2025

Motivation

Predicting how mutations impact protein biophysical properties remains a significant challenge in computational biology. In recent years, numerous predictors, primarily deep learning models, have been developed to address this problem; however, issues such as their lack of interpretability and limited accuracy persist.

Results

We showed that a simple evolutionary score, based on the log-odd ratio (LOR) of wild-type and mutated residue frequencies in evolutionary related proteins, when scaled by the residue’s relative solvent accessibility (RSA), performs on par with or slightly outperforms most of the benchmarked predictors, many of which are considerably more complex. The evaluation is performed on mutations from the ProteinGym deep mutational scanning dataset collection, which measures various properties such as stability, activity or fitness. This raises further questions about what these complex models actually learn and highlights their limitations in addressing prediction of mutational landscape.

Availability

The RSALOR model is available as a user-friendly Python package that can be installed from the PyPI repository. The code is freely available athttps://github.com/3BioCompBio/RSALOR.

Contact

Matsvei.Tsishyn@ulb.be,Fabrizio.Pucci@ulb.be
Channel-mediated astrocytic volume transient is required for synaptic plasticity and spatial memory
Authors: Woo Junsung , Drew Victor James , Lee Jung Moo , Koh Wuhyun , Won Joungha , Lee C. Justin
Published: February 2025

Astrocytes, known for their support roles, are emerging as active participants in synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. Astrocytes actively regulate synaptic plasticity and memory through dynamic volume transients. Our previous research identified several key molecules, including TREK-1, TRPA1, and Best1 ion channels, as well as the gliotransmitter BDNF, as critical components of astrocytic volume transients. However, the precise mechanisms by which these volume transients influence synaptic plasticity and memory remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the roles of TREK-1 and TRPA1 in astrocytic volume dynamics and their downstream effects. Using intrinsic optical signal imaging, electrophysiology, and behavioral assays, we demonstrate that neuronal stimulation induces astrocytic swelling, initiated by K+uptake through TREK-1 channels and regulated by Ca2+influx via TRPA1 channels. This swelling is closely associated short- and long-term potentiation, and is accompanied by the release of BDNF, which restores long-term potentiation under conditions of calcium sequestration during astrocytic calcium clamping experiments. Disruption of astrocytic volume transient associated ion channels results in significant deficits in spatial memory, as evidenced by impairments in object-place recognition and passive avoidance tasks. Furthermore, these channels were found to modulate the synaptic plasticity. These findings reveal astrocytic volume transients and BDNF as pivotal modulators of synaptic plasticity and memory, as well as potential therapeutic targets for addressing memory dysfunctions.
Separable Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Projections mediate the Facets of Loneliness-like state
Authors: Lee Christopher R. , Matthews Gillian A. , Lemieux Mackenzie E. , Wasserlein Elizabeth M. , Borio Matilde , Miranda Raymundo L. , Keyes Laurel R. , Schneider Gates P. , Jia Caroline , Tran Andrea , Aloboudi Faith , Chan May G. , Peroni Enzo , Pereira Grace S. , López-Moraga Alba , Pallé Anna , Kimchi Eyal Y. , Padilla-Coreano Nancy , Wichmann Romy , Tye Kay M.
Published: February 2025

Affiliative social connections facilitate well-being and survival in numerous species. Engaging in social interactions requires positive or negative motivational drive, elicited through coordinated activity across neural circuits. However, the identity, interconnectivity, and functional encoding of social information within these circuits remains poorly understood. Here, we focus on downstream projections of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) dopamine neurons (DRNDAT), which we previously implicated in social motivation alongside an aversive affective state. We show that three prominent DRNDATprojections – to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), central amygdala (CeA), and posterior basolateral amygdala (BLP) – play separable roles in behavior, despite substantial collateralization. Photoactivation of the DRNDAT-CeA projection promoted social behavior and photostimulation of the DRNDAT-BNST projection promoted exploratory behavior, while the DRNDAT-BLP projection supported place avoidance, suggesting a negative affective state. Downstream regions showed diverse receptor expression, poising DRNDATneurons to act through dopamine, neuropeptide, and glutamate transmission. Furthermore, we showex vivothat the effect of DRNDATphotostimulation on downstream neuron excitability depended on region and baseline cell properties, resulting in excitatory responses in BNST cells and diverse responses in CeA and BLP. Finally,in vivomicroendoscopic cellular-resolution recordings in the CeA with DRNDATphotostimulation revealed a correlation between social behavior and neurons excited by social stimuli– suggesting that increased dopamine tone may recruit different CeA neurons to social ensembles. Collectively, these circuit features may facilitate a coordinated, but flexible, response in the presence of social stimuli that can be flexibly guided based on the internal social homeostatic need state of the individual.
Cooperation between proximate cell layers drives large-scale wound closure prior to whole-body regeneration
Authors: Kann Allison P , Srivastava Mansi
Published: February 2025

Wound healing is a fundamental property of animal life, but the extent to which large injuries can be endogenously repaired varies across phyla. In vertebrates, minor wounds can re-epithelialize on their own, but major wounds often result in imperfect re-epithelialization and fibrotic scarring. In contrast, more regenerative species are capable of both scarless healing and subsequent replacement of missing structures. Due to limitations in many animals' ability to recover from large, multi-tissue injuries, much of our understanding of wound closure comes from experiments studying gaps in epithelial monolayers. In comparison, the mechanisms by which animals can heal large wounds have been characterized primarily at the histological level, usually in non-model species that undergo substantial regeneration after wound healing. Here, we investigate the cellular dynamics of large-scale wound healing in the acoel Hofstenia miamia, an invertebrate worm capable of whole-body regeneration. H. miamia lack a traditional basement membrane and epidermal cells are not separated from underlying muscle by an organized layer of extracellular matrix - making the system incompatible with canonical mechanisms of crawling-based wound healing and raising the possibility that novel mechanisms may be driving closure. By labeling injured animals with an actin dye, we found that H. miamia epidermal cells extend long, actin-rich cytoplasmic protrusions across the wound edge until they reach the nearest epithelial layer and establish cell-cell contact. This process is dependent on muscle contraction; when animals are anesthetized and immobile, they are unable to form these cellular bridges, and epidermal cells cannot migrate independently. At injury sites that lack underlying muscle connecting the wound edge, wounds heal through the formation of organism-wide contractile purse strings. Together, this work identifies mechanisms by which multiple tissue types work together to close large wounds in vivo, indicating a deep conservation of proximate epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in morphogenetic processes.
Genetic evidence: zebrafishhoxbaandhoxbbclusters are essential for the anterior-posterior positioning of pectoral fins
Authors: Kikuchi Morimichi , Fujii Renka , Kobayashi Daiki , Kawabe Yuki , Kanno Haruna , Toyama Sohju , Tawakkal Farah , Yamada Kazuya , Kawamura Akinori
Published: February 2025

Vertebrate paired appendages, such as the pectoral fins in fish and the forelimbs in tetrapods, emerge at specific regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the body.Hoxgenes are considered prime candidates for determining the positioning of these paired appendages during development. Nevertheless, despite extensive phenotypic analyses of numerous single and compoundHoxknockout mice, no genetic studies have identified substantial defects in limb positioning, leaving questions unresolved. In a previous study, we generated seven distincthoxcluster-deficient mutants in zebrafish. Here, we provide genetic evidence that zebrafishhoxba;hoxbbcluster mutants specifically exhibit a complete absence of pectoral fins, accompanied by the absence oftbx5aexpression in pectoral fin buds. In these mutants,tbx5aexpression in the pectoral fin field of the lateral plate mesoderm fails to be induced at an early stage, suggesting a lack of pectoral fin precursor cells. Furthermore, the competence to respond to retinoic acid is lost inhoxba;hoxbbcluster mutants, indicating thattbx5aexpression cannot be induced in the pectoral fin bud. We also identifyhoxb4a, hoxb5a, and hoxb5bas pivotal genes underlying this process. Although the frameshift mutations in thesehoxgenes do not recapitulate the absence of pectoral fins, we demonstrate that deletion mutants at these genomic loci show the absence of pectoral fins, albeit with low penetrance. Our results suggest that the positioning of zebrafish pectoral fins is cooperatively determined byhoxb4a, hoxb5a, and hoxb5bwithinhoxbaandhoxbbclusters, which inducetbx5aexpression in the restricted pectoral fin field. Our findings also provide insights into the acquisition of paired appendages in vertebrates.
Demixing of simultaneously co-expressed four phase-separating proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen
Authors: Hasegawa Haruki
Published: February 2025

Intracellular protein crystallization represents an intriguing form of biomolecular self-assembly. While the list of such crystallizing proteins is growing and their physiological roles are beginning to be elucidated, the underlying requirements and processes for intracellular protein crystallogenesis remain largely unknown. This study examines how simultaneously co-expressed phase-separating proteins influence each other’s phase-separation event in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen by using four cargoes selected based on their ability to produce distinctive crystals and droplet inclusion bodies. The co-expressed model proteins independently reached their respective threshold concentrations and spontaneously phase-separated into inclusions in the ER without losing their signature morphologic characteristics. The fact that protein crystals and droplets continued to grow in size over time suggests that nascent cargo proteins were continuously synthesized and folded in the ER to fuel the growth of corresponding inclusion bodies. Namely, despite the highly crowded molecular environment, overexpressed cargoes find their mates by self-association and propagate into microscale structures in the ER. This study demonstrates that cells can accommodate up to four distinct phase separation events simultaneously in the ER lumen, and the phase separation events proceed without interfering with each other and without morphological or content mixing.
Quadratic optical response to a magnetic field in the layered magnet CrSBr
Authors: Heißenbüttel Marie-Christin , Piel Pierre-Maurice , Klein Julian , Deilmann Thorsten , Wurstbauer Ursula , Rohlfing Michael
Published: February 2025

The optical properties of layered materials are dominated by intralayer excitons; especially for layered antiferromagnets the layer-to-layer charge hopping, and therefore interlayer excitons, are spin forbidden. An external magnetic field, however, can continuously drive the magnetic order towards layer-to-layer ferromagnetic, which opens spin-allowed charge-transfer channels between the layers. Here, we elaborate how their admixture changes the composition and nature of the excitons, leading to an extension over many layers, and causing a quadratic redshift with respect to the external magnetic field in CrSBr. We present a minimal four-band model to elucidate the interplay between the various interaction and coupling mechanisms which is able to reproduce the findings of our GW–Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations as a function of magnetic field. Our model is generally valid for any coupled layers with different spin directions and the insights help to systematically address excitons and to predict their optical signatures in such systems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Optical manifestations and bounds of topological Euler class
Authors: Jankowski Wojciech J. , Morris Arthur S. , Bouhon Adrien , Ünal F. Nur , Slager Robert-Jan
Published: February 2025

We analyze quantum-geometric bounds on optical weights in topological phases with pairs of bands hosting nontrivial Euler class, a multigap invariant characterizing non-Abelian band topology. We show how the bounds constrain the combined optical weights of the Euler bands at different dopings and further restrict the size of the adjacent band gaps. In this process, we also consider the associated interband contributions to dc conductivities in the flat-band limit. We physically validate these results by recasting the bound in terms of transition rates associated with the optical absorption of light, and demonstrate how the Euler connections and curvatures can be determined through the use of momentum and frequency-resolved optical measurements, allowing for a direct measurement of this multiband invariant. Additionally, we prove that the bound holds beyond the degenerate limit of Euler bands, resulting in nodal topology captured by the patch Euler class. In this context, we deduce optical manifestations of Euler topology within k·p models, which include quantized optical conductivity, and third-order jerk photoconductivities. We showcase our findings with numerical validation in lattice-regularized models that benchmark effective theories for real materials and are realizable in metamaterials and optical lattices.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Particle production by
γ−γ
interactions in future electron-ion colliders
Authors: Bertulani Carlos A. , Francener Reinaldo , Gonçalves Victor P. , de Souza Juciene T.
Published: February 2025

The particle production in photon-photon (γγ) interactions present in electron-ion collisions is investigated. We present calculations for the total cross sections and event rates related to the production of light mesons [η,η′,f0 and f2], charmonium [ηc and χc], and charmoniumlike [X(3915),X(3940),X(4140), and X(6900)] states, considering the Electron - Ion Collider, Electron - ion collider in China, Large Hadron electron Collider, and Future Circular Collider - electron hadron energies. Our predictions demonstrate that experimental studies of these processes are feasible and useful to constrain the properties of light mesons and quarkonium states and shed some light on the configuration of the considered charmoniumlike states.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Local structure of solid and liquid gold probed by reverse Monte Carlo analysis of X-ray absorption data
Authors: Hara Nodoka , Iesari Fabio , Okajima Toshihiro , Di Cicco Andrea
Published: February 2025

The increase in computational capabilities of modern computers has allowed us to develop new accurate methods for EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) data-analysis. In particular, the RMC-GNXAS package provides models of the three-dimensional structure applying the reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) method to EXAFS of condensed or molecular systems. Simulations of the EXAFS signals within RMC-GNXAS are based on accurate multiple-scattering (MS) simulations accounting for relativistic effects. The method is implemented to include MS signals related to pair and triplet distributions, using different data sets and long-range constraints provided by complementary techniques (diffraction). In this work we have validated this approach studying the local structure of solid and liquid Au, providing also a benchmark for analysis of functional materials based on heavy noble atoms such as Au. An accurate reconstruction of the pair and triplet distribution functions in solid and liquid Au was obtained and compared with literature data. We show that the inclusion of the contribution of MS signals related to three-body configurations is especially important in solid Au at low temperatures. In liquid Au, we obtained the pair distribution function and analyzed the bond–angle distribution. We applied common-neighbor analysis to identify the local symmetry of the atomic configurations. Liquid Au is found to follow the trend of other close-packing liquids for which the dominant structures are distorted or defective icosahedral configurations.
Climate-based measures of supply chain resilience
Authors: Tack Jesse B. , Ala-Kokko Kristiina , Gardner Grant E. , Breneman Vincent , Arita Shawn , Cooper Joseph
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Supply chains are a complex but integral part of the food distribution system with unique vulnerabilities, as agricultural production is a function of biological processes and food goods are perishable necessities. Various shocks, including pandemics, geopolitical conflicts and extreme weather events, can cause disruptions to the food supply chain. International trade often plays an adaptive role in mitigating the effects of these shocks as it allows for a market-oriented redistribution of resources that can mitigate the impacts of localized shortages and surpluses.

Design/methodology/approach

With this in mind, our goal is to combine information on weather shocks and trade flows to propose novel supply chain resilience metrics focusing on key weather drivers in over 50 countries. We focus on the role of extreme heat (degree days above 29°C) for maize, soybeans and rice, but the approach is general enough to be widely applied to any combination of crops, trade partners and weather/climate variables.

Findings

We focus on the role of extreme heat (degree days above 29°C) for maize, soybeans and rice, but the approach is general enough to be widely applied to any combination of crops and weather/climate variables. Leveraging globally gridded temperature data, we estimate the metrics for the United States and find a heterogeneous range of resilience across crops and risk dimensions. In addition, we provide a detailed look at the spatial correlations with the US and its historical trade partners and find evidence that these metrics could (potentially) be enhanced via strategic trade relationships.

Research limitations/implications

Leveraging globally gridded temperature data, we estimate the metrics for the United States of America and China to demonstrate differences that might arise from a net-exporter versus net-importer perspective. Our results suggest that these metrics can be useful for disentangling the resilience a country faces between its own internal supply chain versus its participation in other countries’ supply chains.

Practical implications

Since these metrics are a combination of exogenous spatial correlations of weather shocks and endogenous trade patterns, we also discuss how they can be adjusted via strategic trade relationships to enhance resiliency.

Originality/value

Our results provide pertinent insights to US policymakers promoting export expansion under climate change (USDA FAS, 2024). Moreover, the metrics provided here are focused on climate resiliency and thus could be an important component of strategic trade decisions given the recent concerns between the US and Mexico centered around GM maize (Beckman et al., 2024) and the seemingly improving US–India agricultural trade relationship.
Intergroup contact in segregated cities: the case of Digla Square, Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Fahmy Karim M. , Safey Eldeen Heba Essam , Abdelwahab Mona A.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Intergroup contact is crucial for social cohesion, especially in metropolitan cities. However, in segregated cities, public spaces are challenged by the division between different social groups and the tension associated with their mutual presence. While several studies assure the value of intergroup contact, very few inform urban designers on how to create spaces that overcome segregation and allow positive encounters. This paper investigates one of the public spaces of intergroup contact: Digla Square, in Cairo, Egypt.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper first develops an interpretive framework to investigate intergroup contact in segregated cities. Afterwards, it uses that framework to approach Digla Square for the case study. The methods used to collect data from the field included unstructured observations and in-depth, semi-structured interviews with representatives from all social groups encountering the square.

Findings

Coding the collected data relying on constructivist grounded theory identified three themes: Digla Square as a place to live, work and play; to appropriate and personalize and to build a common community character. Discussion of the findings reveals an explanation of the phenomenon and draws on connecting the identified themes to existing urban theories.

Originality/value

The paper affords an innovative approach to studying intergroup contact in segregated cities. It also provides a practical framework for empirical and/or field study and the analysis of the results. Moreover, the paper proposes a new perspective towards understanding the phenomenon of intergroup contact in public spaces in metropolitan cities. Lastly, it specifies more human-centred insights for urbanists towards better place-making for their public spaces.
Research on the antibacterial and anti-pilling properties of polyester-cotton fabrics by the sol-gel technology
Authors: Xiao Qi , Xie Enhao , Guo Linwen , Wang Weifu
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to improve the antibacterial and anti-pilling properties of polyester-cotton fabrics by applying a chitosan-silica coating through sol-gel technology. By optimizing the process parameters, the study aims to enhance the fabrics’ resistance to germs, prevent pilling and maintain their mechanical and functional properties.

Design/methodology/approach

A transparent sol-gel was obtained by hydrolysis and condensation reactions using silane coupling agent (KH-560), ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), chitosan and ethanol as precursors and co-solvents, respectively. This sol-gel was employed for the purpose of applying antimicrobial and anti-pilling multifunctional finishes to PC fabrics. An orthogonal experimental design method was employed to optimize the process parameters. The surface morphology and chemical structure of the fabrics were studied using scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy, both before and after finishing. The fabrics were subjected to testing and analysis to evaluate their antimicrobial and anti-pilling properties, as well as the wearing performance.

Findings

The best antibacterial and anti-pilling properties are achieved when the volume ratio of TEOS to KH-560 is 1:3, the concentration of chitosan is 10 g/L, the dipping time is 60 min and the water content is 1:2. The fabric exhibits an anti-pilling grade of 4–5 and an antimicrobial rate of 99.99%. The silica/chitosan gel generated a thin and elastic coating on the fiber surface, acting as a protective barrier against external abrasion and enhancing the anti-pilling property by 2–3 grades. The fabric strength increased significantly, while the air permeability remained practically unaltered compared to untreated fabric.

Social implications

The development of advanced materials such as chitosan-modified silica sols holds significant social implications. These materials, with their enhanced properties, can lead to innovations in healthcare, environmental remediation and energy storage, improving living standards and fostering sustainable development. Their widespread adoption could also stimulate economic growth and job creation, fostering a more resilient society.

Originality/value

This research introduces an innovative approach using sol-gel technology to enhance the antibacterial and anti-pilling properties of polyester-cotton fabrics. By optimizing the ratio of TEOS to KH-560, chitosan concentration, dipping time and water content, it achieves remarkable results in both performance metrics, offering significant practical value for the textile industry, especially in healthcare and fashion sectors.
A systematic literature review to assess leadership’s role, traits, skills, competencies and styles for design for Lean Six Sigma program success
Authors: Furterer Sandra , Antony Jiju , Bhasin Sanjay , Laureani Alessandro , Bhat Shreeranga
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This systematic literature review aims to synthesise, organise and structure the stock of knowledge relating to leadership and design for Lean Six Sigma (DFLSS) and to understand leadership’s role, traits, skills, competencies and styles within the context for DFLSS program success.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is based on a systematic literature review of 67 papers that were published on leadership and DFLSS, demonstrating the importance of leadership for successful DFLSS programs.

Findings

The key findings show that leadership plays a critical role in launching and sustaining a DFLSS program in organisations, while illustrating the leadership traits, skills, competencies and styles that are more conducive to a successful DFLSS program.

Originality/value

The study has identified several gaps in the literature from a practical approach and an empirical validation of the critical factors of leadership when applying and supporting DFLSS efforts supporting future initiatives.
Design and experiment of a large gap rotating seal structure based on nanomagnetic liquid
Authors: Cao Jingyu , Bao Jiusheng , Yin Yan , Liu Cheng , Wang Xiaolong , Yang Jiao
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to develop a large gap nanomagnetic liquid sealing technology to address the problems of significant deformation, vibration, and radial oscillation caused by harsh working conditions such as low assembly and processing accuracy, heavy load, and high speed in mechanical equipment.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the principle of magnetic liquid sealing structure, a large gap magnetic fluid sealing scheme based on axial and radial distribution was proposed, equipped with self-made silicone oil–based magnetic fluid. Taking the common roller in mining equipment as an example, sealing performance tests were conducted using a mining roller running resistance test bench in the simulated underground environment.

Findings

In routine environmental tests, the running resistance of the new magnetic liquid sealing roller is reduced by an average of 7.6% and 34.3% compared to the labyrinth sealing roller, respectively; In long-term environmental tests, the running resistance of the new magnetic liquid sealing roller decreased by an average of 16.2% compared to the labyrinth sealing roller, it is recommended to equip it with self-made silicone oil–based magnetic fluid; In vibration environmental tests, the running resistance of the new magnetic liquid sealing roller is more stable compared to the magnetic liquid sealing roller with only axial distribution.

Originality/value

The research results have important theoretical and practical value in compensating for the shortcomings of magnetic fluid sealing structure and expanding the application fields of magnetic fluid.
Understanding user acceptance of robotic process automation: the user resistance perspective
Authors: Lee Kyubum , Zo Hangjung , Jeong Myeongki
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Robotic process automation (RPA) is an automation technology that replaces front-end information technology (IT) human workers with software that handles simple and repetitive tasks. Despite its importance, RPA research remains limited to topics related to the introduction of the technology itself due to its novelty. This study examines users’ resistance attitudes to understand their intentions to use RPA.

Design/methodology/approach

By integrating the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and user resistance theory, this paper develops a research model to explain users’ intentions to use RPA. We employ a structural equation model (SEM) to analyze an online survey of individuals’ (N = 309) intentions to use RPA.

Findings

The results show that subjective norms are the largest positive significant factor explaining the intention to use RPA, whereas user resistance is the next largest significant negative factor for the intention to use RPA. Additionally, dehumanization is found to have the most significant effect on user resistance.

Originality/value

This study has meaningful implications for researchers and practitioners in the prediction of hyperautomation acceptance, such as RPA.
From prominence to preference: social and emotional value perception as mediator between the brand prominence and purchase intentions in the luxury market
Authors: Kaur Kiranbir , Soch Harmeen
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The study examines the mediating effects of social value perception and emotional value perception on the relationship between brand prominence and purchase intentions. Further, it examines the consumer preferences about the mark or logo showcased on luxury fashion products during the purchasing process.

Design/methodology/approach

The data was obtained from a sample of 420 participants through the administration of questionnaires, utilizing both online and offline methods. The sampling approach employed was a combination of purposive and snowball sampling. For offline data collection, the shopping malls and flagship stores of Delhi NCR and Chandigarh were visited. For analysis of the data, Smart PLS 4 and IBM SPSS were used.

Findings

Social value perception and emotional value perception have a significant positive relationship with brand prominence and purchase intentions. The relationship between brand prominence and purchase intentions is fully mediated by social value perception and emotional value perception. Further, consumers in India have also shown a preference for brands that have displayed their logos prominently rather than subtly.

Practical implications

This study contributes to the existing body of work on brand prominence by investigating the role of social value perception and emotional value perception as mediators. The research offers valuable insights for advertisers and practitioners to develop strategies for planning and implementing effective communication techniques.

Originality/value

This study fills the major gaps in the literature about brand prominence. The study unveils the Indian consumer preferences towards the level of brand marks during purchasing behaviours along with the social value perception and emotional value perception as mediators between brand prominence and purchase intentions.
Strategic intelligence as a resilience capability of global supply chains: Proposal of a conceptual framework based on a systematic literature review
Authors: Bazile Julien , Côté Anne-Marie , Toumi Said , Su Zhan
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to develop an integrative framework for strategic intelligence (SI) tailored to guide companies navigating systemic disruptions within global supply chains, identifying key determinants for its effective deployment. Current literature on management systems addresses SI components individually, hindering a precise definition and implementation strategy. This systematic review aims to fill these gaps by establishing a conceptual model of SI capability, emphasizing the interdependence of its dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach

Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) mixed-method analysis approach and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, this systematic review synthesizes empirical studies, conceptual papers, mathematical models and literature reviews on SI capability dimensions. It adopts a flexible approach to explore SI within supply chain resilience during systemic crises.

Findings

The study enhances and broadens the field of dynamic capabilities (DCs) by advancing knowledge on SI as a dynamic capability inducing resilience within supply chains facing systemic risks. Additionally, it synthesizes and offers perspective on a rapidly expanding body of literature from the past three years, identifying emerging trends and gaps.

Research limitations/implications

This research focused on three capacities: Supply Chain Visibility (SCV), Environmental Dynamism (ED) and Timely Seizing and Detection-Making (TSDM). While other dynamic capabilities may enhance SC resilience (SCR), this study emphasized the analytical and decision-making dimensions critical for improving SCR.

Originality/value

This systematic literature review introduces a novel conceptual framework, providing a foundation for empirical investigations. By offering an integrated theoretical perspective, the study proposes actionable research propositions and insights into SI’s strategic role in crisis management within supply chains.