bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Multivariate Areal Wombling*
Authors: Ma Haijun , Carlin Bradley P
Published: November 2023

Multivariate data summarized over areal units (counties, zip codes, etc.) are common in the field of public health. Statistical methods for areal wombling (boundary analysis) must account for correlations across both diseases and locations. Utilizing recent developments in multivariate conditionally autoregressive (MCAR) distributions and spatial structural equation modeling, we suggest a variety of Bayesian hierarchical models for multivariate areal boundary analysis, including some that incorporate random neighborhood structure. We illustrate our methods using Minnesota county-level esophagus, larynx, and lung cancer data, using methods that permit identification of both composite and cancer-specific boundaries. Our results indicate primary boundaries in both the composite and cancer-specific response surface separating the miningand tourism-oriented northeast counties from the remainder of the state.
An Asymptotic Viewpoint on High-Dimensional Bayesian Testing*
Authors: Spitzner Dan J
Published: November 2023

The Bayesian point-null testing problem is studied asymptotically under a high-dimensional normal means model. Associated procedures are intended for application in finite dimensional settings, but their behavior is studied as the dimensionality grows arbitrarily. Thus, ‘high-dimensionality’ is formulated as an asymptotic concept, and interest is in the behavior of the procedures ‘in the limit’. The approach is to allow the prior null probability to vary with dimension and with prior dispersion parameters, and to guide its parameterization so that the posterior null probability behaves in accordance with Bayesian consistency concepts. Among issues studied are the objectivity of setting the prior null probability to one-half, the Jeffreys–Lindley paradox, and the influence of smoothness constraints. Relevance to applications in functional data analysis and goodness-of-fit testing is also discussed.
Stochastic Integration Theory
Authors: Medvegyev Péter
Published: November 2023

This graduate level text covers the theory of stochastic integration, an important area of Mathematics that has a wide range of applications, including financial mathematics and signal processing. Aimed at graduate students in Mathematics, Statistics, Probability, Mathematical Finance, and Economics, the book not only covers the theory of the stochastic integral in great depth but also presents the associated theory (martingales, Levy processes) and important examples (Brownian motion, Poisson process).
Introduction
Authors: Rendall Alan D
Published: November 2023

In the seventeenth century Isaac Newton showed that the way objects fall in everyday life and the motion of the moon and other celestial bodies can be explained in the context of a single theory. In this theory, the Newtonian theory of gravitation, there is a force of attraction between all material bodies. For most physical phenomena in which gravitation plays a role the Newtonian theory is sufficient for all practical purposes even today. There is, however, another description of gravitation which is more accurate in some situations. This is general relativity which was introduced by Albert Einstein in 1915.
Global results
Authors: Rendall Alan D
Published: November 2023

The Gowdy spacetimes were introduced in Section 4.4. As pointed out there the essential field equations are a system of two semilinear wave equations for functions P(t, θ), Q(t, θ) which are periodic in 0. The coefficients of the equations become singular at t = 0 and so if data are prescribed at t = to for some to > 0 the maximal interval on which a solution could be defined is (0, ∞). In fact it is known that for any smooth data the corresponding solution does exist on that whole interval.
The Einstein–Vlasov system
Authors: Rendall Alan D
Published: November 2023

The phenomenological matter model for which the most mathematical results are known for the Einstein-matter system is collisionless matter solving the Vlasov equation. A variety of existing mathematical results on this subject are surveyed in this chapter. First some of the known results for related systems are summarized. Before coming to the Einstein-Vlasov system itself results on some related systems will be discussed. This is motivated by the hope that understanding of the properties of solutions of the Einstein-Vlasov system may be improved by interaction with the theory of these other equations.
Riemannian Holonomy Groups
Authors: Joyce Dominic D
Published: November 2023

Let M be a manifold, and g a Riemannian metric on M . Then there is a unique, preferred connection on TM called the Levi-Civita connection, which is torsion-free and satisfies g = 0. The curvature R( ) of the Levi-Civita connection is called the Riemann curvature, and its holonomy group Hol( ) the Riemannian holonomy group Hol( g) of g. In 1955, Marcel Berger proved that if ( M, g) is a Riemannian manifold with M simply-connected and g irreducible and nonsymmetric, then Hol( g) must be one of SO( n), U( m), SU( m), Sp( m), Sp( m) Sp(1), G  2 or Spin(7). The goal of 3.1– 3.4 is to explain what this result means and how it is proved. We start with the Levi-Civita connection, Riemann curvature, and Riemannian holonomy groups. After sections on reducible Riemannian manifolds and symmetric spaces we move onto Berger ‘s classification, describing the proof and the groups on Berger ‘s list. Sections 3.5 and 3.6 explore the relationship between the holonomy group Hol( g) and the topology of the underlying manifold M , in particular when M is compact.
Calibrated Geometry
Authors: Joyce Dominic D
Published: November 2023

The theory of calibrated geometry was invented by Harvey and Lawson in their seminal paper [151], which is still an excellent reference. It concerns calibrated submanifolds, a special kind of minimal submanifold of a Riemannian manifold M , which are defined using a closed form on M called a calibration. It is closely connected with the theory of Riemannian holonomy groups because Riemannian manifolds with reduced holonomy usually come equipped with one or more natural calibrations.
Associative, Coassociative And Cayley Submanifolds
Authors: Joyce Dominic D
Published: November 2023

In Chapter 4 we defined calibrations and calibrated submanifolds. We now apply these ideas to manifolds with exceptional holonomy. There are two types of calibrated submanifolds in 7-manifolds with holonomy G  2, called associative 3-folds and coassociative 4-folds, and one in 8-manifolds with holonomy Spin(7), called Cayley 4-folds. Coassociative 4-folds can be defined in terms of the vanishing of a closed form. This implies that they behave rather like special Lagrangian submanifolds in Chapter 8, so that moduli spaces of compact coassociative 4-folds are smooth, for instance.
The Accession of Poland to the EU
Authors: Kułakowski Jan , Jesień Leszek
Published: November 2023

The accession negotiations of Poland, as in the case of five other countries, started from a decision of the Luxembourg European Council in December 1997.As of March 1998 preparations in Poland were done: the story began.
Management of interacting invasives: ecosystem approaches
Authors: Bull Leigh S , Courchamp Franck
Published: November 2023

Too often the success of an invasive species management programme is measured solely by the decrease or eradication of that species. However, this way of thinking distracts from the ultimate goal of these programmes, which is not just the removal of the alien species but rather the restoration of the ecosystem’s biodiversity. Several decades ago, Taylor (1968) alluded to the fact that the former does not necessary lead to the latter; the incorrect management of an invaded ecosystem can in fact result in potential problems following the removal of a species.
The motor system
Authors: Rizzolatti Giacomo , Sinigaglia Corrado , Anderson Frances
Published: November 2023

Let us start with a practical example. What could be simpler than picking up a cup of coffee? Yet this simple gesture requires a plethora of processes so closely interconnected that at first glance it is difficult to distinguish one from another. First of all we must identify the cup from the various objects vying for our attention; to do this we must swivel our head and eyes so that the image of the cup will land on our fovea where visual acuity is at its height and examine its various aspects (shape, orientation of the handle, colour, and so on).
Action understanding
Authors: Rizzolatti Giacomo , Sinigaglia Corrado , Anderson Frances
Published: November 2023

From the analysis of the functional properties of F5 we have seen that the majority of neurons in this area discharge during specific motor acts such as grasping, holding, manipulating, and how some of them also respond to visual stimuli. There is a clear congruence between the motor properties (for example, the type of grip they code) of these latter neurons and their visual selectivity (shape, size, orientation of the object in question), which renders decisive their role in the process of transforming the visual information regarding an object into the appropriate motor acts.
Imitation and language
Authors: Rizzolatti Giacomo , Sinigaglia Corrado , Anderson Frances
Published: November 2023

As soon as mirror neurons were discovered, the question raised was whether they might be the neural basis of the ability to imitate. Before examining this possibility, however, we must define exactly what we mean by imitation. Anyone who has dabbled in this area knows that over time the term has acquired different and sometimes contrasting meanings in various branches of research (developmental psychology, comparative psychology, ethology, etc.). For the purposes of this book we will narrow the field of possible definitions to two, even at the risk of oversimplification.
Sharing emotions
Authors: Rizzolatti Giacomo , Sinigaglia Corrado , Anderson Frances
Published: November 2023

In the preceding Chapters we have considered actions carried out or perceived in contexts devoid of emotional content—a choice essentially dictated by methodological reasons, as only emotionally neutral experimental conditions are suitable to determine the specific components of actions within the intricate architecture of motor phenomena. Had a different approach been adopted, it would have been difficult to identify the mechanisms and cortical circuits of the sensory motor transformations responsible for the codification of objects, the planning and control of our actions, and the understanding of the actions and intentions of others.
Spanning Networks
Authors: Higgins Peter M
Published: November 2023

We have talked about networks such as those of personal relationships and the World Wide Web that develop, if not of their own accord, with a measure of autonomy, with the growth largely determined by the will of individuals acting through their nodes. However, a more concrete and traditional way that networks arise is by overall design. Here the nodes represent places or people that wish to form a network but the infrastructure of the edges simply does not exist and has to be built. This can be a daunting job.

What the engineers might have to hand is a paper network of possible connections between nodes. Each pencilled edge could be very expensive to realize due to distance and other factors that separate the nodes.
The State of the European Union
Authors: Meunier Sophie , Mcnamara Kathleen R
Published: November 2023

Fifty years ago, the leaders of six European states signed the Treaty of Rome, creating the European Economic Community and launching the process of European integration. From that starting point evolved today’s European Union (EU), the most successful example of institutionalized political cooperation in history. The EU now encompasses a much broader array of responsibilities than originally planned, its membership has widened to 25 countries, and its legislation and jurisprudence has come to supersede national law. Contestation has accompanied success, however, and the intense debate in many European countries over the EU Constitution throughout the course of 2005 revealed deep divisions between and within European countries around issues such as EU institutions, the elusive European identity, a European economic malaise, and the role of the EU as a world power. Was the constitutional crisis a turning point for European integration? This volume argues that the EU today may be at a crossroads--not because of the failed referenda but rather because of the unresolved tensions in European governance not banished with the referenda’s defeat. Meunier and McNamara’s collection is the first to comprehensively examine these challenging issues using the tools of historical institutionalism to analyze the past and future political and institutional trajectory of the European Union across a wide variety of policy areas. Together, the volume’s authors provide a remarkably coherent theoretical approach to the key questions facing Europe, drawing a portrait of the EU today that reveals a robust, but not invulnerable, set of institutions and practices
Statistical Modelling in R
Authors: Aitkin Murray , Francis Brian , Hinde John , Darnell Ross
Published: November 2023

R is now the most widely used statistical package/language in university statistics departments and many research organisations. Its great advantages are that for many years it has been the leading-edge statistical package/language and that it can be freely downloaded from the R web site. Its cooperative development and open code also attracts many contributors meaning that the modelling and data analysis possibilities in R are much richer than in GLIM4, and so the R edition can be substantially more comprehensive than the GLIM4 edition. This text provides a comprehensive treatment of the theory of statistical modelling in R with an emphasis on applications to practical problems and an expanded discussion of statistical theory. A wide range of case studies is provided, using the normal, binomial, Poisson, multinomial, gamma, exponential and Weibull distributions, making this book ideal for graduates and research students in applied statistics and a wide range of quantitative disciplines.
Introducing R
Authors: Aitkin Murray , Francis Brian , Hinde John , Darnell Ross
Published: November 2023

Statistical modelling is an iterative process. We have a research question of interest, the experimental or observational context, the sampling scheme and the data. Based on these data and the other information, we develop an initial model, fit it to the data and examine the model output. We then plot the residuals, check the model assumptions and examine the parameter estimates. Based on this model output, we may modify the first model possibly through some transformation or the addition or subtraction of model terms. Fitting the second model may in turn lead to further models for the data, with the form of the current model being based on the information provided by the previous models. This interactivity between the data and the data modeller is a crucial feature of the process of statistical modelling. While automatic model selection procedures provided in many software packages can provide guidance in large problems, we take a different route in this book.
Regression and analysis of variance
Authors: Aitkin Murray , Francis Brian , Hinde John , Darnell Ross
Published: November 2023

We consider a practical example from a psychological study. A sample of twenty-four children was randomly drawn from the population of fifth-grade children attending a state primary school in a Sydney suburb. Each child was assigned to one of two experimental groups, and given instructions by the experimenter on how to construct, from nine differently coloured blocks, one of the 3 × 3 square designs in the Block Design subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC, see Wechsler, 1949). Children in the first group were told to construct the design by starting with a row of three blocks (row group), and those in the second group were told to start with a corner of three blocks (corner group). The total time in seconds to construct four different designs was then measured for each child.
An Introduction to Stochastic Filtering Theory
Authors: Xiong Jie
Published: November 2023

Stochastic Filtering Theory uses probability tools to estimate unobservable stochastic processes that arise in many applied fields including communication, target-tracking, and mathematical finance. As a topic, Stochastic Filtering Theory has progressed rapidly in recent years. For example, the (branching) particle system representation of the optimal filter has been extensively studied to seek more effective numerical approximations of the optimal filter; the stability of the filter with “incorrect “ initial state, as well as the long-term behavior of the optimal filter, has attracted the attention of many researchers; and although still in its infancy, the study of singular filtering models has yielded exciting results. In this text, Jie Xiong introduces the reader to the basics of Stochastic Filtering Theory before covering these key recent advances. The text is written in a style suitable for graduates in mathematics and engineering with a background in basic probability.
Introduction
Authors: Xiong Jie
Published: November 2023

In this chapter, we first give a few motivating examples for stochastic filtering. Then, we introduce some basic definitions and state the main equations that arise in non-linear filtering theory. Finally, we give an overview of the topics to be covered in this book. In this section, we study four examples arising from different fields of application. The first example comes from wireless communication that was in fact the main motivation for filtering theory in the early stage. The second example comes from mathematical finance where the random factors affecting the stock prices are not completely observed, instead, only the stock prices themselves are observed.
Irrational Numbers
Authors: Hardy G H , Wright E . M
Published: November 2023

Some generalities. The theory of ‘irrational number’, as explained in text books of analysis, falls outside the range of arithmetic. The theory of numbers is occupied, first with integers, then with rationals, as relations between integers, and then with irrationals, real or complex, of special forms, such as where rand sare rational. It is not properly concerned with irrationals as a whole or with general criteria for irrationality (though this is a limitation which we shall not always respect). There are, however, many problems of irrationality which may be regarded as part of arithmetic. Theorems concerning rationals may be restated as theorems about integers; 4.4. The use of the fundamental theorem in the proofs of Theorems 43–45. It is important, in view of the historical discussion in the next section, to observe what use is made, in the proofs of § 4.3, of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic or of the ‘equivalent’ Theorem 3.
Quadratic Fields (2)
Authors: Hardy G H , Wright E . M
Published: November 2023

The primes of k(i). We begin this chapter by determining the There are therefore positive rational integers divisible by a contradiction unless z1 or z2 is 1. Hence zis a rational prime. Thus π divides at least one rational prime p. If it divides two, say pand p±, then one positive rational prime. The primes of a simple field are therefore to be determined by the factorization, in the field, of rational primes.
Representation By Cubes And Higher Powers
Authors: Hardy G H , Wright E . M
Published: November 2023

Biquadrates. We defined ‘Waring’ s problem’ in § 20.1 as the problem of determining g(k)and G(k), and solved it completely when k= 2. The general problem is much more difficult. Even the proof of the existence of g(k)and G(k)requires quite elaborate analysis; and the value of G(k)is not known for any kbut 2 and 4. We give a summary of the pre sent state of knowledge at the end of the chapter, but we shall prove only a few special theorems, and these usually not the best of their kind that are known. Cubes: the existence of G(3) and g(3). The proof of the existence of g(3) is more sophisticate d (as is natural because a cube may be negative). We prove first Theorem 388: We have now to consider representations of numbers less than 1025.
Kronecker’s Theorem
Authors: Hardy G H , Wright E . M
Published: November 2023

Kronecker’s theorem in one dimension. Dirichlet’s Theorem 201 asserts that, given any set of real numbers ϑ1, ϑ2, ..., ϑk, we can make nϑ1, nϑ2, ..., nϑkall differ from integers by as little as we please. This chapter is occupied by the study of a famous theorem of Kronecker which has the same general character as this theorem of Dirichlet but lies considerably deeper. The theorem is stated, in its general form, in § 23.4, and proved, by three different methods, in §§ 23.7–9. For the moment we consider only the simplest case, in which we are concerned with a single ϑ.
Geometry Of Numbers
Authors: Hardy G H , Wright E . M
Published: November 2023

Introduction and restatement of the fundamental theorem. This chapter is an introduction to the ‘geometry of numbers’, the subject created by Minkowski on the basis of his fundamental Theorem 37 and its generalization in space of ndimensions We shall need the n-dimensional generalizations of the notions which we used in §§ 3.9–11; but these, as we said in § 3.11, are straightforward. We define a lattice, and equivalence of lattices, as in § 3.5, parallelograms being replaced by n-dimensional parallelepipeds; and a convex region as in the first definition of § 3.9.† Minkowski’s theorem is then Theorem 446. Any convex region in n-dimensional space, symmetrical about the origin and of volume greater than2n, contains a point with integral coordinates, not all zero. Any of the proofs of Theorem 37 in Ch. III may be adapted to prove Theorem 446: we take, for example, Mordell’s.
Democracy, Dictatorship, and Economic Development: A Model of Reference-Dependent Choices with Experimental Data
Authors: Gould Andrew C , Maggio Andrew J
Published: November 2023

The impact of economic development on political democracy is perhaps the most studied topic in modern comparative politics, at least since Seymour Lipset (1959). But scholars still contest the basic facts and explanations. As for the facts, scholars have yet to enunciate a consensus over the effects of economic development on the likelihood of transitions to democracy and on the likelihood of the survival of existing democracies. Nor do we have a satisfactory analysis of the explanatory mechanisms.
Data considerations and design
Authors: Anderson Raymond
Published: November 2023

The end goal is to provide a ‘measure of creditworthiness’, the appropriateness of which will depend how transparent borrowers’ circumstances are, to whoever is doing the assessment. The word transparent normally refers to a substance’s ability to transmit light, but in this instance, it means ‘easy to understand and analyse’. This refers to the bulk of application form data, data on past dealings, and data provided by the credit bureaux. In contrast, something is opaque if it is either ‘impervious to light’, or ‘not easily understood’
Overrides, referrals, and controls
Authors: Anderson Raymond
Published: November 2023

Credit scores are powerful tools, but they are not a panacea. Checks and balances are needed to ensure that the system is being used as intended, and its integrity is protected. The section is treated under the headings of: The first three sections relate to the major stages in the decision process: (i) pre-score decision, policy rules, which determine whether the cases will be considered at all; (ii) score decision, based purely on the score and associated strategies; (iii) system decision, a combination of score and policy, as determined by the system; and (iv) final decision, the end result, based upon score, policy, and any manual intervention. For the latter three, the decision can be changed in between each. Both policy and judgment can be used to override score decisions (score over-rides), whereas only judgment can be used to override system decisions (system overrides).
Linear B Script
Authors: Colvin Stephen
Published: November 2023

Many of the ‘palaces’ (administrative centres) of Mycenaean Greece and Crete contained archives of clay tablets inscribed in the Linear B script. These tablets survived because they were baked in the fires which destroyed the palaces: substantial numbers of tablets have been found at Pylos, Mycenae, and Thebes on the mainland, and at Knossos on Crete. Linear B was so named by Arthur Evans because it is a linear (as opposed to pictographic) script that is clearly derived from an older script found at Knossos that he named Linear A. This script presumably records the language of the Minoans, which is unknown; too little survives to permit a verifiable decipherment. Linear B conveys information partly by means of words spelled out in syllabic signs (syllabograms), and partly by means of ideograms. These ideograms (often stylized drawings of the object in question) are not used in the body of the text, but typically stand at the end of a line or clause in a totalling formula, and are followed by a numeral (almost all of the tablets are lists of one sort or another). Nearly a hundred syllabic signs are used in the Linear B documents, and sound-values can be assigned to about three-quarters of these (the most common) with reasonable certainty. The script is often ambiguous: it does not represent all the phonemic distinctions of Greek (see below), and is not suited to writing consonant clusters.
Blue and Red epichoric alphabets of Greece1
Authors: Colvin Stephen
Published: November 2023

Before the fourth century BC there were many local varieties of the Greek alphabet. These varieties can be broadly divided into two major groups (plus two small ones).
Bardic Forefathers
Authors: Schuchard Ronald
Published: November 2023

The bardic instincts that drove Yeats to revive the lost art of speaking and chanting to musical notes are first apparent in his fragmented reveries over childhood and youth: “Since I was a boy,” he wrote in “Speaking to the Psaltery,” “I have always longed to hear verse spoken to a harp, as I imagined Homer to have spoken his, for it is not natural to enjoy an art when one is by oneself. Images used to rise up before me … of wild- eyed men speaking harmoniously to murmuring wires while audiences in many-coloured robes listened, hushed and excited” (E&I 14). His father, who read with great intensity and subtlety, had like many a Victorian father carefully superintended the growth of his son’s artistic sensibility.
Minstrel Abroad
Authors: Schuchard Ronald
Published: November 2023

In January 1907 Farr prepared for her first trip to America with great excitement, gathering letters of introduction, writing for engagements, printing publicity photographs, and seeking advice from friends who had preceded her abroad. Her mission was to introduce the psaltery as an instrument for chanting poems and classical choruses in preparation for a more extended tour with Yeats. In planning her programs, she wrote to Quinn on January 8 that “Mrs. Patrick Campbell thinks they would like me to give readings from Gilbert Murray’s Hippolytus with the choruses on a psaltery.
Dialectical approaches
Authors: Leopold David
Published: November 2023

Students are sometimes frustrated by what they see as the dominance of the analytical approach in contemporary political theory. Those frustrations can take a variety of forms, and be more or less justified. They can also make students receptive to the siren call of alternatives, both real and imagined, to that methodological mainstream. In this chapter, I cast a sceptical, but not dismissive, eye over one of the more seductively esoteric candidates for that role—the idea of a dialectical approach.
Political theory and the boundaries of politics
Authors: Frazer Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

The problem of the boundaries of politics exercises many political theory students trying to find a properly political topic. Of course, it is a problem shared by all humanities and social sciences graduate students, struggling to comply with departments’ and institutions’ views about what’s properly disciplinary. But the politics case is especially interesting because ordinary political actors too, worlds away from academic work, face the challenge that they are not properly political actors. Their claims can be depoliticized, by being redefined by powerful others as personal, not political, for instance. Their speeches aren’t heard; their actions don’t count. Conversely, sometimes people find themselves on the receiving end of censure because they are behaving politically. The implication, of course, is that they are not behaving in a principled fashion, or that they are not attending to the merits of an issue so much as to the issue of who rules. Or, perhaps, they have broken a taboo and are talking out loud about matters of conviction and disagreement, rather than protecting the possibility of relatively friction-free social interaction by leaving certain tacit agreements intact.
Introduction
Authors: Marcus Laura
Published: November 2023

The Tenth Muse explores writings on the cinema in the first decades of the twentieth century, examining the impact of cinema on early twentieth-century literary and, more broadly, aesthetic and cultural consciousness, and bringing together the terms and strategies of early writing about film with cinema ‘s interactions with literature in the same period. One of the book’s primary concerns is to open up the ways in which early writers about film–reviewers, critics, theorists–developed aesthetic and cultural categories to define and accommodate what was called ‘the seventh art’ or ‗the tenth muse‘ and found discursive strategies adequate to the representation of the new art and technology of cinema.
Multivariate models
Authors: Thomas Duncan C
Published: November 2023

The previous chapter introduced the elementary measures of disease risk and rates per unit time, and methods for estimating and comparing them in groups of subjects. Any group is necessarily a somewhat artificial assemblage of a set of heterogeneous individuals, even though they may share some characteristics of interest. Some of this heterogeneity may be quantifiable, some not. (Of course, here we need only be concerned with characteristics that relate in some way to their risk of disease.) To the extent that this heterogeneity can be characterized, the epidemiologist could, of course, define further subgroups, but soon one is confronted with a multitude of groups, each with more unstable estimates of risk as their sample sizes get smaller, and it can become quite a challenge to discern the patterns in the data. For this purpose, this chapter introduces a general regression framework for modeling disease risks in individual or grouped data. The specific methods are special cases of what is known as the general linear model (GLM) framework, which is applicable to more than dichotomous disease data, but we will defer treatment of continuous and longitudinal data to Chapter 7, where we will introduce the further generalization of general linear mixed models (GLMMs).
Probability of causation and compensation
Authors: Thomas Duncan C
Published: November 2023

In 1984, the U.S. Congress passed the Orphan Drug Act, which included a provision instructing the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to establish a set of “Radioepidemiologic Tables” that could be used to resolve various claims for compensation relating to exposure to ionizing radiation from government programs. These included the “atomic veterans” who had participated in nuclear weapons tests at the Nevada Test Site and the Pacific Proving Grounds in the Marshall Islands, the “downwinders” who were exposed to fallout from the Nevada Test Site, the uranium miners on the Colorado Plateau who provided the raw materials for the country’s nuclear weapons program, and various nuclear workers. In due course, NIH established a committee that prepared such a report (NIH 1985), under the oversight of another committee of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS 1984). These two reports established the scientific principles that have guided the enactment of legislation setting up compensation programs for these various groups and served as a reference for numerous radiation-related litigations in the private and public sectors for individuals not covered by these programs. The Radioepidemiologic Tables were updated in 2000 in the form of an interactive computer program (the Interactive Radiation Epidemiology Program, IREP (Kocher et al. 2008), available on the Internet at again with oversight by a new committee of the National Academy of Sciences (NRC 2000), which commented in depth on the scientific principles involved.
Reconciling History and Equal Citizenship in Israel: Democracy and the Politics of Historical Denial
Authors: Rouhana Nadim N
Published: November 2023

This chapter explores the relationship between citizenship and reconciliation in divided societies. Specically, it asks whether multicultural citizenship is possible in such societies without deliberating the historical circumstances that divide the national groups that comprise the state, reaching a moral agreement about historical narratives, and addressing past injustices. I argue that achieving democratic citizenship is not possible in these states without reconciliation and suggest that equality, the cornerstone of modern democratic citizenship, cannot be meaningfully realized without the tangible and intangible rectication of past injustices. In divided societies with historical injustice, equality will have to be redened so that the recognition and rectication of historical injustices is incorporated in the denition. Moreover, I will suggest that if a national group within a state cannot achieve equal democratic citizenship in this sense, the democratic credentials of the state are called into question.
Aboriginal Rights in Canada
Authors: Walters Mark D
Published: November 2023

The concept of reconciliation has become increasingly important to political theory and practice over the past decade. It has been invoked as a way of building peaceful relations between ethnic, cultural, and religious communities after periods of confiict or oppression—the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission providing the most famous example (Asmal et al. 1997). It has informed the design of power-sharing arrangements in societies divided by opposing factions, as in Northern Ireland (Porter 2003). It has shaped public discourse about the rights of indigenous peoples, both domestically, in countries like Australia, and internationally, in the committees and working groups of the United Nations (Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation 2000; U.N. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2006). It is usually assumed that reconciliation offers to political discourse something that the liberal concepts of democracy, justice, equality, and the rule of law cannot—in particular, ideas of repentance, forgiveness, healing, and harmony.
Pension Fund Capitalism
Authors: Clark Gordon L
Published: November 2023

The growth of pension funds has been nothing short of astronomical. Pension funds now dominate the world’s financial markets, affecting nations’ wealth, community development, and industrial well being. Yet little is known about their structure and organization. Pension funds and their agents in the investment industry control enormous sums of money, profoundly affecting the structure and performance of nation-states and the global economy. At the same time, it is also apparent that many western governments are retreating from the provision of ‘public good’ once thought essential to the fabric of urban life. Clark agues that if we are to understand the long-term future of the western economies (in general) and our communities (in particular), we need also to understand how institutional investors allocate assets, mobilize funds, and make investment decisions. There are few studies of the relationship between pension funds and the financial services industry. Pension Fund Capitalism fills an important gap in the literature as well as the intersection between pension funds and public policy.
A Comparative Analysis of Joint Environmental Policy-making
Authors: Liefferink Duncan , Mol Arthur
Published: November 2023

This chapter contains a comparative analysis of the findings presented in the foregoing three chapters. Such a comparative analysis can shed light on the conditions that are conducive for the emergence and functioning of various forms of JEP. The first section provides an overview of JEP arrangements in the three-case study areas in Austria, Denmark, and The Netherlands. The subsequent two sections explain the differences in the emergence and functioning of JEP between the issues, but especially between the three countries, using the conceptual tools of policy networks as presented in Chapter 2.
Stolen Goods: Joan Riviere
Authors: Jacobus Mary
Published: November 2023

Joan Riviere is best known for her account of ‘womanliness ‘ as a defensive masquerade. Her bleak view of femininity as pathology-only ever at best a performance-has been appropriated for a variety of de essentializing and deconstructive versions of gender as performance (most influentially, in late twentieth-century feminist and film theory). Riviere ‘s critique of femininity emerged from her own struggle for personal and professional recognition during a period that coincided with the suffragette movement and the official founding of psychoanalysis in England. She entered analysis with Ernest Jones during the First World War, looking for a solution to personal problems that included depression, chronic ill-health, a breakdown, and lack of sexual fulfillment.
Flaying the Mind: Milner and the Myth of Marsyas
Authors: Jacobus Mary
Published: November 2023

Marion Milner ‘s The Hands of the Living God (I 969) recounts her extraordinary sixteen-year analysis of a schizophrenic woman named Susan. Starting in 1943, towards the end of the war, the analysis continued throughout the 1950s until Susan eventually married. Milner ‘s book focuses on the prolific drawings (over 4,000 in nine months) which Susan began to bring to her part-way through the analysis.Susan ‘s drawings provide the basis for a complex creative and speculative interchange between patient and analyst that is unique not only because of its length but also because of the extent of its dependence on a visual medium. This is the surface on, or through, which Milner reads Susan, and by which Susan herself is enabled to enter a three-dimensional psychic world.
Coining Telepathy: Concept and Elaboration, 1882-1901
Authors: Luckhurst Roger
Published: November 2023

Telepathy was coined in December 1882 in the first volume of the house journal of psychical research: ‘we venture to introduce the words 1elaesthesia and Teupathy to cover all cases of impression received at a distance.’ My first chapter tracked the preconditions for the emergence of this object within the perturbations of scientized modernity in the 1870s, working with the insight that ‘the place of knowledge lays down the conditions for the appearance of the objects of science, for their validation as real, and for the terms on which they are knowable’. This chapter has a different task: to explore the epistemological resources bound into telepathy, and the constellation of knowledges that provided for its elaboration.
Parties and Party Systems in the European Union National and Supranational Dimensions
Authors: Bardi Luciano
Published: November 2023

Political parties were important actors in the development of the European Community (EC) and have subsequently played a significant role in the development of the EU. Especially after the European Parliament’s (EP) first direct elections in 1979, scholarly interest in the development and potential role of EU-specific parties (henceforth ‘Europarties’) has been conspicuous. Academic books and articles on the topic are too numerous to be individually discussed here, but must be understood within the framework of the general theoretical discussion on the nature and study of the EU. EU studies have long been at the centre of a very heated debate between the respective supporters of the International Relations and Comparative Politics approaches. This dichotomy stems from the views expressed in two articles (Moravcsik 1993; Hix 1994) that revitalized the theoretical debate after a protracted period dominated by empirical approaches. This debate is part of a wider discussion on the adequacy of the two disciplines for the study of the relationship between the international and domestic political systems.
Water: An Uncooperative Commodity
Authors: Bakker Karen J
Published: November 2023

During the past century, in many countries, water management was characterized by the dominant role of the state as owner, manager, and regulator of water supply infrastructure. Yet state dominance of the water supply sector is relatively recent. Prior to the mid-nineteenth century, state involvement in water supply was limited; networked water supply, where it existed, was largely the preserve of private companies, or self-provisioning communities. The predominant role of the state in water supply management is, in most industrialized countries, a relatively recent historical development.
The Retreat of the Market? Re-regulation and Water Supply Industry Restructuring
Authors: Bakker Karen J
Published: November 2023

In May 2001, the assets of Welsh Water were sold to a self-styled ‘people’s company’ named Gias Cymru (Blue/Green Wales). Gias Cymru is a not-for-profit private company limited by guarantee under the Companies Act 1985, with a structure modelled after BUPA—a private, non-profit association which is Britain’s largest non-governmental health insurance provider. Gias Cymru was formed for the sole purpose of purchasing the assets of Welsh Water from its American-owned parent company, Western Power. Owned by its members (mostly prominent Welsh citizens), prohibited from diversifying outside of its core water business, and wholly financed by debt, Gias Cymru promised an immediate and sustained reduction in water prices for its customers. Control of Welsh water, it proudly announced, had returned home to the Welsh people.
Conflict, Consensus, and Rationality in Environmental Planning
Authors: Rydin Yvonne
Published: November 2023

We all now recognize the importance of talk today. In policy settings, there are more and more calls for consultation, collaboration, and deliberation. This is particularly the case in environmental planning, with its disputes over genetically modified organisms, power plants, and new roads. Rydin provides an in-depth and fully theorized account of the role of talk or discourse within environmental planning, combining theory, reported research, and original empirical case studies. She highlights the problem that planners and others face when trying to expand the space for talk within planning situations and provides a detailed assessment of the prospects for consensus-building and deliberative democracy. She also highlights the role that discourse plays in legitimizing institutions of planning and discusses how a rationality of sustainable development may be embedded within new institutional arrangements.
Housing Land Policy
Authors: Rydin Yvonne
Published: November 2023

One of the key tasks that environmental planning is charged with concerns the allocation of land for residential development, that is, the formulation and implementation of housing land policy. This task provides a good case study from the institutional discourse approach because it invokes three of the four rationalities discussed above. First, it provides a good example of a particular form of procedural rationality; in the UK there are well-developed procedures in place for allocating development land.
The Traveller in the Evening
Authors: Paley Morton D
Published: November 2023

There has never been a book about Blake’s last period, from his meeting with John Linnell in 1818 to his death in 1827, although it includes some of his greatest works. In The Traveller in the Evening, Morton Paley argues that this late phase involves attitudes, themes, and ideas that are either distinctively new or different in emphasis from what preceded them. After an introduction on Blake and his milieu during this period, Paley begins with a chapter on Blake’s illustrations to Thornton’s edition of Virgil. Paley relates these to Blake’s complex view of pastoral, before proceeding to a history of the project, its near-abortion, and its fulfillment as one of Blake’s greatest accomplishments as an illustrator. In Yah and His Two Sons the presentation of the divine, except where it is associated with art, is ambiguous where it is not negative. Paley takes up this separate plate in the context of artists’s representations of the Laocoon that would have been known to Blake, and also of what Blake would have known of its history from classical antiquity to his own time. Blake’s Dante water colours and engravings are the most ambitious accomplishment of the last years of his life, and Paley shows that the problematic nature of some of these pictures, with Beatrice Addressing Dante from the Car as a main example, arises from Blake’s own divided and sharply polarized attitude toward Dante’s Comedy. The closing chapter, called ‘Blake’s Bible’, is on the Bible-related designs and writings of Blake’s last years. Paley discusses The Death of Abel (addressed to Lord Byron ‘in the Wilderness’) as a response to its literary forerunners, especially Gessner’s Death of Abel and Byron’s Cain. For the Job engravings Paley shows how the border designs and the marginal texts set up a dialogue with the main illustrations unlike anything in Blake’s Job water colours on the same subjects. Also included here are Blake’s last pictorial work on a Biblical subject, The Genesis manuscript, and Blake’s last writing on a Biblical text, his vitriolic comments on Thornton’s translations of the Lord’s Prayer.
‘In Equivocal Worlds Up & Down are Equivocal’: Illustrations to The Divine Comedy
Authors: Paley Morton D
Published: November 2023

The literary reputation of Dante was at a low point in England during much of the eighteenth century. This attitude was expressed in its most extreme form by Horace Walpole in a letter to William Mason dated 25 June 1782: ‘Dante was extravagant, absurd, disgusting, in short a Methodist parson in Bedlam.’1 Yet a counter movement was under way almost throughout the century, and it initially took the form of the appreciation of the episode of Count Ugolino in the Inferno. This was translated into English for the first time by Jonathan Richardson in the second of his Two Discourses of 1719.
Softer but Strong: Euroscepticism and Party Politics in Sweden
Authors: Aylott Nicholas
Published: November 2023

If the term is used in a relative sense, Sweden is a Eurosceptical country. By autumn 2002, across the European Union (EU),2 just one in ten citizens was estimated to believe that his or her country’s membership of the EU was a ‘bad thing’. In Sweden, it was nearly one in four. On this and other measures, Sweden reported the largest group of negatively inclined respondents in any member state (European Commission 2003c). Although public hostility to EU membership has declined, as Figure 11.1 shows, Swedes’ doubts about the process of integration as a whole were illustrated in their emphatic vote to reject participation in Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in the referendum of September 2003.