bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the world’s major economies: based on a multi-country and multi-sector CGE model
Authors: Sun Mingsong , Yan Shiling , Cao Tingting , Zhang Jingwen
Published: March 2024

Objective

To quantitatively assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on public health, as well as its economic and social consequences in major economies, which is an international public health concern. The objective is to provide a scientific basis for policy interventions.

Subject and methods

This study utilizes a multi-country, multi-sector CGE-COVID-19 model to analyze the repercussions of the pandemic in 2022. The re-search focuses on quantifying the effects of COVID-19 on the macroeconomy and various industry sectors within six economies: the United States, China, the EU, the United Kingdom, Japan, and South Korea.

Results

The COVID-19 pandemic shock had the most significant impact on China and the EU, followed by notable effects observed in the United States and the United Kingdom. In contrast, South Korea and Japan experienced relatively minimal effects. The reduction in output caused by the pandemic has affected major economies in multiple sectors, including real industries such as forestry and fisheries, and the services such as hotels and restaurants.

Conclusion

The overall negative macroeconomic impact of the epidemic on major economies has been significant. Strategic interventions encompassing initiatives like augmenting capital supply, diminishing corporate taxes and fees, offering individual subsidies, and nurturing international cooperation held the potential to mitigate the detrimental economic consequences and enhance the global-economic amid the pan-demic. Consequently, this study contributes to the advancement of global anti-epidemic policies targeting economic recovery. Moreover, using the CGE-COVID-19 model has enriched the exploration of general equilibrium models in PHEIC events.
A new framework for improving semantic segmentation in aerial imagery
Authors: He Shuke , Jin Chen , Shu Lisheng , He Xuzhi , Wang Mingyi , Liu Gang
Published: March 2024

High spatial resolution (HSR) remote sensing imagery presents a rich tapestry of foreground-background intricacies, rendering semantic segmentation in aerial contexts a formidable and vital undertaking. At its core, this challenge revolves around two pivotal questions: 1) Mitigating Background Interference and Enhancing Foreground Clarity. 2) Accurate Segmentation in Dense Small Object Cluster. Conventional semantic segmentation methods primarily cater to the segmentation of large-scale objects in natural scenes, yet they often falter when confronted with aerial imagery’s characteristic traits such as vast background areas, diminutive foreground objects, and densely clustered targets. In response, we propose a novel semantic segmentation framework tailored to overcome these obstacles. To address the first challenge, we leverage PointFlow modules in tandem with the Foreground-Scene (F-S) module. PointFlow modules act as a barrier against extraneous background information, while the F-S module fosters a symbiotic relationship between the scene and foreground, enhancing clarity. For the second challenge, we adopt a dual-branch structure termed disentangled learning, comprising Foreground Precedence Estimation and Small Object Edge Alignment (SOEA). Our foreground saliency guided loss optimally directs the training process by prioritizing foreground examples and challenging background instances. Extensive experimentation on the iSAID and Vaihingen datasets validates the efficacy of our approach. Not only does our method surpass prevailing generic semantic segmentation techniques, but it also outperforms state-of-the-art remote sensing segmentation methods.
Effect of Biochar on Vermicompost Production: Chemical, Biochemical, and Biological Properties
Authors: Antileo-Mellado Silvia , Muñoz Cristina , Sanchez-Hernandez Juan Carlos , Ginebra Milagros , Sandoval Marco
Published: March 2024

Farm and industrial residues must be adequately managed to avoid negative environmental implications. In this study, our objective was to evaluate (i) the impact of the co-production of vermicompost using grape bagasse and biochar (BC) on the yield and biochemical, chemical, and biological properties of vermicompost; (ii) the effect of BC on earthworms (Eisenia fetida Sav.). The vermicompost was co-produced over 5 months (n = 4 per treatment) using (i) grape bagasse as the substrate, (ii) earthworms (Eisenia fetida Sav.), and (iii) three BCs (eucalyptus sawdust BC, pig manure BC, and carbonaceous material from poultry litter CM) at 2% (w/w). A control without BC was included. The chemical, microbiological (activity and respiration), enzymatic properties, and enzymatic indices were characterized. After the incubation period, vermicompost yield increased with the application of the three BCs (25% on average). The number of adult earthworms was not affected by any of the BCs. Compared to treatments without BC, those with pig manure BC and eucalyptus BC resulted in maintained or significantly decreased enzymatic activity, indicating that the vermicompost was at an advanced stage of maturity. Eucalyptus BC significantly enriched the C content of the vermicompost by 4.3%, maintaining respiration rates at 18% lower than the treatment without BC. Additionally, pig manure BC generated the lowest respiration rate in the vermicompost (20% lower). We conclude that BC has a positive influence on the vermicompost process, stabilizing organic matter (especially pig manure BC) and improving the potential of vermicompost to store C (when high-C-content BCs are applied).
Accuracy of Frozen Section Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kopatsaris Stergios , Apostolopoulou Aikaterini , Tsakiridis Ioannis , Tranidou Antigoni , Zachomitros Fotios , Papanikolaou Evangelos , Daponte Alexandros , Kalogiannidis Ioannis , Dagklis Themistoklis
Published: March 2024

The early and accurate diagnosis of endometrial cancer is of paramount importance for the survival of these patients. The aim of this study was to systematically appraise the available data regarding the accuracy of frozen section biopsy in diagnosing endometrial cancer. A thorough literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from inception up to January 2023, with the use of specific, relevant key terms. A quality evaluation for each study was performed with the QUADAS-2 tool, whereas a bivariate random-effect model was performed to generate a summary receiver-operated curve. Heterogeneity was evaluated with Cochrane Q and Higgins’ I2 statistics. Subgroup analyses were performed for studies focused on atypical hyperplasia and those focused on endometrial cancer. The search yielded 47 studies, involving 7790 patients with endometrial cancer. Among them, only 11 could be included in the quantitative analysis. QUADAS-2 evaluation resulted in rather high quality among the included studies. Quantitative synthesis resulted in a pooled sensitivity of 0.863 and pooled specificity of 0.916. The AUC was 0.948, the Q statistic was 10.488 (10 df, p = 0.399) and Higgins’ I2 (4.655%) reported no significant heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses based on the diagnosis revealed a pooled sensitivity 0.886, specificity 0.862 and AUC 0.934 for endometrial cancer versus a sensitivity of 0.816, specificity of 0.962 and AUC 0.939 for atypical hyperplasia. Frozen section appears as a valid and reliable diagnostic tool for endometrial cancer. Its reliability seems to be even higher for the diagnosis of atypical hyperplasia. Therefore, this method may be considered in clinical practice and in settings with appropriate resources.
Immunoprofiles and Oncologic Outcomes of 15 Patients with Androgen Receptor-Positive Salivary Duct Carcinoma
Authors: Gogineni Emile , Sells Blake E. , Dibs Khaled , Jhawar Sachin R. , Haring Catherine T. , Limbach Abberly L. , Konieczkowski David J. , Ma Sung J. , Zhu Simeng , Baliga Sujith , Mitchell Darrion L. , Grecula John C. , Bonomi Marcelo , Bhateja Priyanka , Old Matthew O. , Seim Nolan B. , Kang Stephen Y. , Rocco James W. , Chakravarti Arnab , Blakaj Dukagjin M. , Gamez Mauricio E.
Published: March 2024

Background: Salivary duct carcinomas (SDC) are a rare and aggressive subtype of salivary gland neoplasm. They can present with distinct immunoprofiles, such as androgen receptor (AR) and HER-2/Neu-positivity. To date, no consensus exists on how to best manage this entity. Methods: All patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic AR+ SDC of the parotid from 2013 to 2019 treated with curative intent were included. Immunologic tumor profiling was conducted using 24 distinct markers. Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to estimate locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant control, and overall survival (OS). Results: Fifteen patients were included. Nine (60%) patients presented with T4 disease and eight (53%) had positive ipsilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Ten (67%) patients underwent trimodality therapy, including surgery followed by adjuvant radiation and concurrent systemic therapy. The median follow-up was 5.5 years (interquartile range, 4.8–6.1). The estimated 5-year rates of LRR, distant progression, and OS were 6%, 13%, and 87%, respectively. Conclusion: Despite only including AR+ SDC of the parotid, immunoprofiles, such as expression of HER-2, were highly variable, highlighting the potential to tailor systemic regimens based on individual histologic profiles in the future. Studies with larger patient numbers using tumor-specific molecular profiling and tumor heterogeneity analyses are justified to better understand the biology of these tumors. Molecularly informed treatment approaches, including the potential use of AR- and HER-2/Neu-directed therapies upfront in the definitive setting, may hold future promise to further improve outcomes for these patients.
Perspectives on Ease of Use and Value of a Self-Monitoring Application to Support Physical Activity Maintenance among Individuals Living with and beyond Cancer
Authors: Ester Manuel , McDonough Meghan H. , Bansal Mannat , Dreger Julianna , Daun Julia T. , McNeely Margaret L. , Luu Thompson , Culos-Reed S. Nicole
Published: March 2024

Background: Physical activity (PA) can improve the physical and psychosocial health of individuals with cancer, yet PA levels remain low. Technology may address PA maintenance barriers in oncology, though the intervention effectiveness to date remains mixed. Qualitative research can reveal the nuances of using technology-based PA maintenance tools. The present study aimed to understand the perspectives of individuals with cancer on using an app to support PA maintenance. Methods: Individuals were interviewed after using a self-monitoring app for 24 weeks, asking about their app use, ease of use, and perceived value for supporting PA. Analyses were guided by an interpretive description. Results: Eighteen individuals were interviewed. The participants were 37–75 years old; lived in seven Canadian provinces/territories; identified as White, South Asian, or Indigenous; and had eight different cancers. Four themes were developed: some did not need the app to stay physically active, some valued the app for helping them maintain their PA, the user experience ranged from intuitive to confusing, and the time burden of app use ranged from acceptable to overwhelming. Conclusions: The participants provided insights on using a self-monitoring app to improve PA maintenance in oncology. Work is needed to capture additional perspectives and apply findings to the development of technology-based PA maintenance tools.
Microclimatic Influences on the Abundance of Three Non-Troglobiont Species
Authors: Coppari Luca , Manenti Raoul , Lunghi Enrico
Published: March 2024

Subterranean environments are often characterized by a natural gradient of microclimatic conditions and trophic resources, showing a higher trophic availability and a lower microclimatic stability in the shallowest area (close to the cave entrance), while the opposite occurs in the deepest sections. The shallowest areas of subterranean environments (e.g., the entrance and twilight zone, Mesovoid Shallow Substratum) act as ecotones between the surface habitats and the deep areas, creating a particular habitat which can be exploited by numerous species with different degrees of adaptation to subterranean environments. Species living in these ecotones may hold a key role in sustaining the entire ecosystem, as they are likely one of the major drivers of allochthonous organic matter. Indeed, these species are usually facultative cave-dwellers, meaning that they are able to exit and forage on the surface. Once these species are back inside the cave, they provide the local community with different typologies of organic matter (e.g., feces, eggs), which represent one of the most important sources of organic carbon. Therefore, studying which ecological features may exert significant effects on the abundance of these species may be of great help in understanding the ecosystem dynamics and the functional role of each species. In this study we analyzed the data collected through a year-round monitoring program, aiming to assess the potential effects that both abiotic and biotic features may have on the abundance of three facultative cave species. We focused on seven caves located in Monte Albo (Sardinia, Italy). The cave environments were divided into 3-meter sectors, and within each cave sector, microclimatic and biological data were seasonally recorded. We focused on the following facultative cave species: the spiders Metellina merianae and Tegenaria sp. and the snail Oxychilus oppressus. Different relationships were observed between the ecological features and the abundance of the three species. The two spiders were more abundant in warmer cave sectors closer to the cave entrance, especially the M. merianae. On the other hand, the snail tended to be more abundant farther from the cave entrance and in more illuminated cave sectors, probably because sunlight promotes the abundance of some of its trophic resources (e.g., lichens, vegetation). Furthermore, O. oppressus was the only species whose abundance and cave distribution was significantly affected by seasonality. This study provides useful and novel information to understand the population dynamics of facultative cave species and their role in subterranean ecosystems.
Game Theoretic Clustering for Finding Strong Communities
Authors: Zhao Chao , Al-Bashabsheh Ali , Chan Chung
Published: March 2024

We address the challenge of identifying meaningful communities by proposing a model based on convex game theory and a measure of community strength. Many existing community detection methods fail to provide unique solutions, and it remains unclear how the solutions depend on initial conditions. Our approach identifies strong communities with a hierarchical structure, visualizable as a dendrogram, and computable in polynomial time using submodular function minimization. This framework extends beyond graphs to hypergraphs or even polymatroids. In the case when the model is graphical, a more efficient algorithm based on the max-flow min-cut algorithm can be devised. Though not achieving near-linear time complexity, the pursuit of practical algorithms is an intriguing avenue for future research. Our work serves as the foundation, offering an analytical framework that yields unique solutions with clear operational meaning for the communities identified.
Quantitative Analysis of Balancing Range for Single-Phase 3L-NPC Converters
Authors: Wang Ziying , Jiao Ning , Wang Shunliang , Ma Junpeng , Zhang Rui , Liu Tianqi
Published: March 2024

Multiple techniques have been suggested to achieve control balance in single-phase three-level neutral-point clamped (3L-NPC) converters. Nevertheless, there is a deficiency of quantitative calculations related to the extent of balancing. Operating beyond the balancing range may result in a sequence of safety incidents. This paper presents a conceptualization of the 3L-NPC converter as two cascaded H-bridges. By employing power conservation principles, the balancing range for the NPC converter is derived, and two novel methods are investigated to broaden the balance range in accordance with the calculated balance range. A comparison is made among the balancing ranges under different balancing control methods. This study establishes a theoretical foundation to ensure the secure and stable operation of the NPC converter.
Industrial Chain, Supply Chain and Value Chain in the Energy Industry: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Peng Jiachao , Wen Le , Xiao Jianzhong , Yi Ming , Sheng Mingyue Selena
Published: March 2024

Ongoing geopolitical conflicts, frequent energy trade wars, and related issues significantly undermine the globalization of the energy market [...]
Gas from the South, Not from Russia: The Possibility of Distributing Natural Gas from the Eastern Mediterranean to Poland and Central Europe
Authors: Hebda Wiktor
Published: March 2024

Energy security plays a key role in the functioning of societies; therefore, every country should strive to ensure it. The Russian–Ukrainian dispute has destabilised the fuel market in Europe. In particular, the natural gas sector in Central and Eastern European countries (CEEs) has been disrupted. Poland was forced to reorganise its gas distribution from the eastern to the northern direction. Other Central European countries are also actively working towards independence from Russian gas. Certainly, a viable alternative for most CEEs is to access hydrocarbons located in the Eastern Mediterranean. The development of the gas transmission infrastructure between this region and the CEE can strengthen their energy security. This article provides an SWOT analysis showing that the commissioning of a new gas infrastructure for distributing gas from the Eastern Mediterranean to CEEs is important for their energy security and provides the opportunity to disconnect from Russian gas. The research results may be useful for analysts, entrepreneurs, or policymakers interested in the CEEs’ gas sector.
Interrelationship of Electric Double Layer Theory and Microfluidic Microbial Fuel Cells: A Review of Theoretical Foundations and Implications for Performance
Authors: Amadu Mumuni , Miadonye Adango
Published: March 2024

Microbial fuel cells and their related microfluidic systems have emerged as promising greener energy alternatives for the exploitation of avenues related to combined power and wastewater treatment operations. Moreover, the potential for their application in biosensing technology is large. However, while the fundamental principles of science that govern the design and operation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and microfluidic microbial fuel cells (MMFCs) are similar to those found in colloid science, the literature shows that current research lacks sufficient reference to the electrostatic and electrokinetic aspects, focusing mostly on aspects related to the architecture, design, anodes, microbial growth and metabolism, and electron transfer mechanisms. In this regard, research is yet to consider MFCs and MMFCs in the context of electrostatic and electrokinetic aspects. In this extensive review, we show, for the first time, the interrelationship of MFCs and MMFCs with electric double layer theory. Consequently, we show how the analytical solution to the mean field Poisson–Boltzmann theory relates to these systems. Moreover, we show the interrelationship between MFC and MMFCs’ performance and the electric double layer and the associated electrostatic and electrokinetic phenomena. This extensive review will likely motivate research in this direction.
Techno-Economic Performance and Sensitivity Analysis of an Off-Grid Renewable Energy-Based Hybrid System: A Case Study of Kuakata, Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Sheikh Md. Nahid , Ahmad Shameem , Liaf Abrar Fahim , Mustayen A. G. M. B. , Hasan M. M. , Ahmed Tofael , Howlader Sujan , Hassan Mahamudul , Alam Mohammad Rafiqul
Published: March 2024

Hybrid renewable energy sources (HRES) are increasingly being utilized to meet global energy demands, particularly in rural areas that rely on diesel generators and are disconnected from the utility grid, due to their environmental and human health benefits. This study investigates the performance of an off-grid, hybrid PV/diesel generator/battery system for a decentralized power plant in Kuakata, Bangladesh, meeting a load demand of 3000 kWh/day with a 501.61 kW peak load demand. HOMER Pro (hybrid optimization model for electric renewable) software (version 3.11) was used to simulate and optimize system operations utilizing real-time solar radiation and load profile data from that location. This study also includes a sensitivity analysis of the off-grid HRES system under different electrical load demands, project longevity, and derating variables. The results reveal that CO2 emissions have potentially decreased by more than 30% and over 10 tons per year, respectively, when compared to traditional power plants. The optimized system’s net present cost (NPC) was determined to be around USD 5.19 million, with a cost of energy (COE) of USD 0.367 per kWh per unit with a 100% renewable component. Furthermore, the current study’s findings are compared to previous research that has resulted in an economical hybrid renewable energy system with an affordable COE. The hybrid energy system under consideration might also be applicable to other parts of the world with comparable climate conditions.
Intelligent Resource Orchestration for 5G Edge Infrastructures
Authors: Moreno-Vozmediano Rafael , Montero Rubén S. , Huedo Eduardo , Llorente Ignacio M.
Published: March 2024

The adoption of edge infrastructure in 5G environments stands out as a transformative technology aimed at meeting the increasing demands of latency-sensitive and data-intensive applications. This research paper presents a comprehensive study on the intelligent orchestration of 5G edge computing infrastructures. The proposed Smart 5G Edge-Cloud Management Architecture, built upon an OpenNebula foundation, incorporates a ONEedge5G experimental component, which offers intelligent workload forecasting and infrastructure orchestration and automation capabilities, for optimal allocation of virtual resources across diverse edge locations. The research evaluated different forecasting models, based both on traditional statistical techniques and machine learning techniques, comparing their accuracy in CPU usage prediction for a dataset of virtual machines (VMs). Additionally, an integer linear programming formulation was proposed to solve the optimization problem of mapping VMs to physical servers in distributed edge infrastructure. Different optimization criteria such as minimizing server usage, load balancing, and reducing latency violations were considered, along with mapping constraints. Comprehensive tests and experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed architecture.
Transferability of Human and Environmental Microbiome on Clothes as a Tool for Forensic Investigations
Authors: Procopio Noemi , Sguazzi Giulia , Eriksson Emma V. , Ogbanga Nengi , McKell Frazer C. , Newton Eleanor P. , Magni Paola A. , Bonicelli Andrea , Gino Sarah
Published: March 2024

Considering the growing importance of microbiome analyses in forensics for identifying individuals, this study explores the transfer of the skin microbiome onto clothing, its persistence on fabrics over time, and its transferability from the environment and between different garments. Furthermore, this project compares three specific QIAGEN microbiome extraction kits to test their extraction efficiency on fabric samples. Additionally, this study aims to check if these extracts contain human DNA, providing a chance to obtain more information from the same evidence for personal identification. The results obtained show: (1) variations in the skin microbiome between the volunteers, potentially due to their different sex; (2) differences in microbial composition between worn and unworn clothing; (3) the influence of the environment on the microbial signature of unworn clothing; (4) the potential use of certain phyla as biomarkers to differentiate between worn and unworn garments, even over extended periods; (5) a tendency towards extraction biases in the QIAampMP® DNA microbiome kit among the three tested ones; and (6) none of the extraction kits allow for the typing of human genetic profiles suitable for comparison. In conclusion, our study offers supplementary insights into the potential utility of time-transferred microbiome analysis on garments for forensic applications.
Future of ADHD Care: Evaluating the Efficacy of ChatGPT in Therapy Enhancement
Authors: Berrezueta-Guzman Santiago , Kandil Mohanad , Martín-Ruiz María-Luisa , Pau de la Cruz Iván , Krusche Stephan
Published: March 2024

This study explores the integration of large language models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, to improve attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatments. Utilizing the Delphi method for its systematic forecasting capabilities, we gathered a panel of child ADHD therapy experts. These experts interacted with our custom ChatGPT through a specialized interface, thus engaging in simulated therapy scenarios with behavioral prompts and commands. Using empirical tests and expert feedback, we aimed to rigorously evaluate ChatGPT’s effectiveness in therapy settings to integrate AI into healthcare responsibly. We sought to ensure that AI contributes positively and ethically to therapy and patient care, thus filling a gap in ADHD treatment methods. Findings show ChatGPT’s empathy, adaptability, and communication strengths, thereby highlighting its potential to significantly improve ADHD care. The study points to ChatGPT’s capacity to transform therapy practices through personalized and responsive patient care. However, it also notes the need for enhancements in privacy, cultural sensitivity, and interpreting nonverbal cues for ChatGPT’s effective healthcare integration. Our research advocates for merging technological innovation with a comprehensive understanding of patient needs and ethical considerations, thereby aiming to pioneer a new era of AI-assisted therapy. We emphasize the ongoing refinement of AI tools like ChatGPT to meet ADHD therapy and patient care requirements more effectively.
Association between the Composition of Drinking Water and Cognitive Function in the Elderly: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wasick Annie , Kim Yeonsoo
Published: March 2024

The prevalence of dementia increases with nearly 10 million new cases each year, with Alzheimer’s disease contributing to 60–70% of cases. Environmental factors such as drinking water have been evaluated to determine if a relationship exists between trace elements in drinking water and the risk of developing cognitive disorders in the elderly. The purpose of the current systematic review was to evaluate an association between the composition of drinking water and cognitive function in the elderly. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a literature search was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL databases. A total of 10 studies were included in the current systematic review. Aluminum is the most commonly evaluated trace element in studies (n = 8), followed by silica (n = 5), calcium (n = 4), and fluoride (n = 4). Aluminum exposure showed an increased risk of cognitive decline in four studies, with no association reported in the other studies. Higher silica and pH levels were shown to be protective against a decline in cognitive function. A similar protective effect of calcium was found in two studies. Future research should measure multiple trace mineral levels in all water sources to evaluate the impact on cognitive function.
Effect of Donor Age on Endocrine Function of and Immune Response to Ovarian Grafts
Authors: Wall Monica A. , Garcia de Mattos Barbosa Mayara , Hanby Natalie , Cai Michelle M. , Brunette Margaret , Pavlidis Despina I. , Arrowsmith Paula , Tan Ansen Q. , Cascalho Marilia , Shikanov Ariella
Published: March 2024

Premature loss of ovarian function (POI) is associated with numerous negative side effects, including vasomotor symptoms, sleep and mood disturbances, disrupted urinary function, and increased risks for osteoporosis and heart disease. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the standard of care for POI, delivers only a subset of ovarian hormones and fails to mimic the monthly cyclicity and daily pulsatility characteristic of healthy ovarian tissue in reproductive-aged individuals whose ovarian tissue contains thousands of ovarian follicles. Ovarian tissue allografts have the potential to serve as an alternative, cell-based HRT, capable of producing the full panel of ovarian hormones at physiologically relevant doses and intervals. However, the risks associated with systemic immune suppression (IS) required to prevent allograft rejection outweigh the potential benefits of comprehensive and dynamic hormone therapy. This work investigates whether the age of ovarian tissue donor animals affects the function of, and immune response to, subcutaneous ovarian grafts. We performed syngeneic and semi-allogeneic ovarian transplants using tissue from mice aged 6–8 (D7) or 20–22 (D21) days and evaluated ovarian endocrine function and immune response in a mouse model of POI. Our results revealed that tissue derived from D7 donors, containing an ample and homogeneous primordial follicle reserve, was more effective in fully restoring hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian feedback. In contrast, tissue derived from D21 donors elicited anti-donor antibodies with higher avidity compared to tissue from younger donors, suggesting that greater immunogenicity may be a trade-off of using mature donors. This work contributes to our understanding of the criteria donor tissue must meet to effectively function as a cell-based HRT and explores the importance of donor age as a factor in ovarian allograft rejection.
Inositol-Exchange Activity in Human Primordial Placenta
Authors: Kovács Bence Géza , Asbóth Gergely , Supák Dorina , Mészáros Balázs , Marton Tamás , Ács Nándor , Valent Sándor , Kukor Zoltán
Published: March 2024

Human placenta is an intensively growing tissue. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) and its derivatives are part of the signaling pathway in the regulation of trophoblast cell differentiation. There are two different enzymes that take part in the direct PI synthesis: phosphatidylinositol synthase (PIS) and inositol exchange enzyme (IE). The presence of PIS is known in the human placenta, but IE activity has not been documented before. In our study, we describe the physiological properties of the two enzymes in vitro. PIS and IE were studied in different Mn2+ and Mg2+ concentrations that enabled us to separate the individual enzyme activities. Enzyme activity was measured by incorporation of 3[H]inositol in human primordial placenta tissue or microsomes. Optimal PIS activity was achieved between 0.5 and 2.0 mM Mn2+ concentration, but higher concentrations inhibit enzyme activity. In the presence of Mg2+, the enzyme activity increases continuously up to a concentration of 100 mM. PIS was inhibited by nucleoside di- and tri-phosphates. PI production increases between 0.1 and 10 mM Mn2+ concentration. The incorporation of [3H]inositol into PI increased by 57% when adding stabile GTP analog. The described novel pathway of inositol synthesis may provide an additional therapeutic approach of inositol supplementation before and during pregnancy.
Biomarkers in Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Towards A New Perspective
Authors: González-Nicolás María Ángeles , González-Guerrero Cristian , Goicoechea Marian , Boscá Lisardo , Valiño-Rivas Lara , Lázaro Alberto
Published: March 2024

Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury (CI-AKI) remains a frequent iatrogenic condition since radiological procedures using intra-vascular iodinated contrast media (CM) are being widely administered for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Despite the improvement of the medical healthcare system worldwide, CI-AKI is still associated with direct short-term and indirect long-term outcomes including increased morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with underlying pre-existing renal function impairment, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes that could rapidly progress into Chronic Kidney Disease. Although the RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage Kidney Disease), AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network), and KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) clinical criteria and recommendation guidelines are based on traditional “gold standard” biomarkers known as serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary output, new reliable serum and urinary biomarkers are still needed for an effective unified diagnostic strategy for AKI. Starting from previous and recent publications on the benefits and limitations of validated biomarkers responding to kidney injury, glomerular filtration, and inflammation among others, this review unravels the role of new emerging biomarkers used alone or in combination as reliable tools for early diagnosis and prognosis of CI-AKI, taking into account patients and procedures-risk factors towards a new clinical perspective.
Onco-Hypertension: A Continuously Developing Field between Cancer and Hypertension
Authors: Totolici Stefan , Vrabie Ana-Maria , Badila Elisabeta , Weiss Emma
Published: March 2024

The prognosis of cancer patients has greatly improved in the last years, owing to the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents. However, this progress comes with an increasing occurrence of cardiovascular adverse reactions. A serious side effect is arterial hypertension (HT), which is the most frequent comorbidity encountered in cancer patients, influencing the outcomes in cancer survivors. Even though secondary HT related to specific chemotherapeutic agents, such as vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, is usually mild and reversible, in rare instances it can be severe, leading to discontinuation of chemotherapy. In addition, HT per se has been studied as a potential risk factor for cancer development. The relationship is even more complex than previously thought, as concerning evidence recently highlighted the potential oncogenic effects of antihypertensive drugs, particularly thiazide diuretics, which may increase the risk of skin cancer. As a result, in light of the similar risk factors and overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms between HT and cancer, a promising concept of onco-hypertension has emerged, aiming to improve the understanding of the complicated interplay between these two pathologies and maintain a balance between the efficacy and risks of both antihypertensive drugs and chemotherapy agents.
Recovery of Water Homeostasis in Adenine-Induced Kidney Disease Is Mediated by Increased AQP2 Membrane Targeting
Authors: Atay Jasmine C. L. , Elsborg Søren H. , Palmfeldt Johan , Nejsum Lene N. , Nørregaard Rikke
Published: March 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a major public health burden with increasing prevalence. Current therapies focus on delaying CKD progression, underscoring the need for innovative treatments. This necessitates animal models that accurately reflect human kidney pathologies, particularly for studying potential reversibility and regenerative mechanisms, which are often hindered by the progressive and irreversible nature of most CKD models. In this study, CKD was induced in mice using a 0.2% adenine-enriched diet for 4 weeks, followed by a recovery period of 1 or 2 weeks. The aim was to characterize the impact of adenine feeding on kidney function and injury as well as water and salt homeostasis throughout disease progression and recovery. The adenine diet induced CKD is characterized by impaired renal function, tubular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. A significant decrease in urine osmolality, coupled with diminished aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression and membrane targeting, was observed after adenine treatment. Intriguingly, these parameters exhibited a substantial increase after a two-week recovery period. Despite these functional improvements, only partial reversal of inflammation, tubular damage, and fibrosis were observed after the recovery period, indicating that the inclusion of the molecular and structural parameters is needed for a more complete monitoring of kidney status.
Special Issue “Application Progress of Liposomes in Drug Development”
Authors: Matos Carla M.
Published: March 2024

The second edition of the Special Issue entitled the “Application Progress of Liposomes in Drug Development” featured contributions predominantly focused on leveraging liposomes as enhancers and carriers in drug delivery in the context of cancer treatment, although this was not the initial intent of this Special Issue [...]
Exploring the Role of Platelets in Virus-Induced Inflammatory Demyelinating Disease and Myocarditis
Authors: Ahmad Ijaz , Omura Seiichi , Sato Fumitaka , Park Ah-Mee , Khadka Sundar , Gavins Felicity N. E. , Tanaka Hiroki , Kimura Motoko Y. , Tsunoda Ikuo
Published: March 2024

Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection has been used as a mouse model for two virus-induced organ-specific immune-mediated diseases. TMEV-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) in the central nervous system (CNS) is a chronic inflammatory disease with viral persistence and an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans. TMEV infection can also cause acute myocarditis with viral replication and immune cell infiltration in the heart, leading to cardiac fibrosis. Since platelets have been reported to modulate immune responses, we aimed to determine the role of platelets in TMEV infection. In transcriptome analyses of platelets, distinct sets of immune-related genes, including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, were up- or downregulated in TMEV-infected mice at different time points. We depleted platelets from TMEV-infected mice by injecting them with platelet-specific antibodies. The platelet-depleted mice had significantly fewer viral antigen-positive cells in the CNS. Platelet depletion reduced the severities of TMEV-IDD and myocarditis, although the pathology scores did not reach statistical significance. Immunologically, the platelet-depleted mice had an increase in interferon (IFN)-γ production with a higher anti-TMEV IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. Thus, platelets may play roles in TMEV infection, such as gene expression, viral clearance, and anti-viral antibody isotype responses.
Neuroprotective Effects of Aucubin against Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia Injury through the Inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB Inflammatory Signaling Pathway in Gerbils
Authors: Park Joon Ha , Lee Tae-Kyeong , Kim Dae Won , Ahn Ji Hyeon , Shin Myoung Cheol , Cho Jun Hwi , Won Moo-Ho , Kang Il Jun
Published: March 2024

Aucubin, an iridoid glycoside, possesses beneficial bioactivities in many diseases, but little is known about its neuroprotective effects and mechanisms in brain ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. This study evaluated whether aucubin exhibited neuroprotective effects against IR injury in the hippocampal CA1 region through anti-inflammatory activity in gerbils. Aucubin (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once a day for one week prior to IR. Neuroprotective effects of aucubin were assessed by neuronal nuclei (NeuN) immunofluorescence and Floro-Jade C (FJC) histofluorescence. Microgliosis and astrogliosis were evaluated using immunohistochemistry with anti-ionized calcium binding adapter protein 1 (Iba1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin1 beta (IL1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. Changes in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway were assessed by measuring levels of TLR4, inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα), and NF-κB p65 using Western blot. Aucubin treatment protected pyramidal neurons from IR injury. IR-induced microgliosis and astrogliosis were suppressed by aucubin treatment. IR-induced increases in IL1β and TNFα levels were significantly alleviated by the treatment. IR-induced upregulation of TLR4 and downregulation of IκBα were significantly prevented by aucubin treatment, and IR-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB was reversed by aucubin treatment. Briefly, aucubin exhibited neuroprotective effects against brain IR injury, which might be related to the attenuation of neuroinflammation through inhibiting the TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that aucubin pretreatment may be a potential approach for the protection of brain IR injury.
IRF1 Mediates Growth Arrest and the Induction of a Secretory Phenotype in Alveolar Epithelial Cells in Response to Inflammatory Cytokines IFNγ/TNFα
Authors: Recchia Luciani Giulia , Barilli Amelia , Visigalli Rossana , Sala Roberto , Dall’Asta Valeria , Rotoli Bianca Maria
Published: March 2024

In COVID-19, cytokine release syndrome can cause severe lung tissue damage leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we address the effects of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 on the growth arrest of alveolar A549 cells, focusing on the role of the IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) transcription factor. The efficacy of JAK1/2 inhibitor baricitinib has also been tested. A549 WT and IRF1 KO cells were exposed to cytokines for up to 72 h. Cell proliferation and death were evaluated with the resazurin assay, analysis of cell cycle and cycle-regulator proteins, LDH release and Annexin-V positivity; the induction of senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) was evaluated through β-galactosidase staining and the quantitation of secreted inflammatory mediators. While IL-1 and IL-6 proved ineffective, IFNγ plus TNFα caused a proliferative arrest in A549 WT cells with alterations in cell morphology, along with the acquisition of a secretory phenotype. These effects were STAT and IRF1-dependent since they were prevented by baricitinib and much less evident in IRF1 KO than in WT cells. In alveolar cells, STATs/IRF1 axis is required for cytokine-induced proliferative arrest and the induction of a secretory phenotype. Hence, baricitininb is a promising therapeutic strategy for the attenuation of senescence-associated inflammation.
Study on the Effect of “3D-rGO” Buffer Layer on the Microstructure and Properties of SiO2f/SiO2 and TC4 Brazed Joint
Authors: Liu Peng , Ma Qiang , Chen Yongwei , Chen Shujin , Zhu Jie , He Peng , Chen Xiaojiang , Jin Xiao , Zheng Bin
Published: March 2024

Brazing a SiO2f/SiO2 composite with metals is often faced with two problems: poor wettability with the brazing alloy and high residual stress in the joint. To overcome these problems, we report a combined method of selective etching and depositing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the surface of a SiO2f/SiO2 composite (3D-rGO-SiO2f/SiO2) to assist brazing with TC4. After the combined treatment, a “3D-rGO” buffer layer formed on the surface layer of the SiO2f/SiO2, and the contact angle was reduced from 130° to 38°, which meant the wettability of active brazing alloy on the surface of SiO2f/SiO2 was obviously improved. In addition, the “3D-rGO” buffer layer contributed to fully integrating the brazing alloy and SiO2f/SiO2; then, the infiltration of the brazing alloy into the surface layer of the SiO2f/SiO2 was enhanced and formed the reduced graphene oxide with a pinning structure in the three dimensional (“3D-pinning-rGO”) structure. Moreover, the joining area of the brazing alloy and SiO2f/SiO2 was expanded and the mismatch degree between the SiO2f/SiO2 and TC4 was reduced, which was achieved by the “3D-pinning-rGO” structure. Furthermore, the concentration of the residual stress in the SiO2f/SiO2-TC4 joints transferred from the SiO2f/SiO2 to the braided quartz fibers, and the residual stress reduced from 142 MPa to 85 MPa. Furthermore, the 3D-pinning-rGO layer facilitated the transfer of heat between the substrates during the brazing process. Finally, the shear strength of the SiO2f/SiO2-TC4 joints increased from 12.5 MPa to 43.7 MPa by the selective etching and depositing rGO method.
Formation of Point Defects Due to Aging under Natural Conditions of Doped GaAs
Authors: Zambrano-Rojas Samuel , Fonthal Gerardo , Escorcia-Salas Gene Elizabeth , Sierra-Ortega José
Published: March 2024

The aging dynamics of materials used to build the active part of optoelectronic devices is a topic of current interest. We studied epitaxial samples of GaAs doped with Ge and Sn up to 1×1019 cm−3, which were stored in a dry and dark environment for 26 years. Photoluminescence spectra were taken in three periods: 1995, 2001 and 2021. In the last year, time-resolved photoluminescence, Raman, and X-ray measurements were also performed to study the evolution of defects formed by the action of O2 in the samples and its correlation with the doping with Ge and Sn impurities. We found that oxygen formed oxides that gave off Ga and As atoms, leaving vacancies mainly of As. These vacancies formed complexes with the dopant impurities. The concentration of vacancies over the 26 years could be as large as 1×1018 cm−3.
Effect of Co-Doping of Al3+, In3+, and Y3+ on the Electrical Properties of Zinc Oxide Varistors under Pre-Synthesizing BiSbO4
Authors: Xu Bo , Wang Lei , Yang Mengfan , Xiang Yu , Liu Lingyun
Published: March 2024

Under the premise of using the solid-phase method to pre-sinter Bi2O3 and Sb2O3 into BiSbO4 as a substitute for equal amounts of Bi2O3 and Sb2O3 in the formula, the effects of co-doping with In(NO3)3, Al(NO3)3, and Y(NO3)3 on the microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO varistors were studied. The experimental results show that with an increase in In3+-doped molar concentration, the leakage current of the ZnO varistor shows a rapid decrease and then a slow increase trend. However, the nonlinear coefficient is the opposite of it. With the combined effect of the rare earth element Y3+, the average grain size is significantly reduced, which leads to an increase in the voltage gradient. At the same time, a certain amount of doped In3+ and Al3+ is dissolved into the grains, resulting in a decrease in grain resistance and thus a low level of residual voltage. The varistor with 0.6 mol% In3+, 0.1 mol% Al3+, and 0.9 mol% Y3+ doping ratios exhibits excellent overall performance. The nonlinear coefficient is 62.2, with the leakage current being 1.46 µA/cm2 and the voltage gradient being 558 V/mm, and the residual voltage ratio is 1.73. The prepared co-doped ZnO varistors will provide better protection for metal oxide surge arresters.
Active Microbiota of Penaeus stylirostris Larvae: Partially Shaped via Vertical and Horizontal Transmissions and Larval Ontogeny
Authors: Callac Nolwenn , Giraud Carolane , Pham Dominique , Ansquer Dominique , Wabete Nelly , Boulo Viviane
Published: March 2024

During their entire lifecycle, mariculture animals are farmed in water that contains various microorganisms with which they are in close associations. Microbial exchanges between the animals and their surrounding water can occur. However, little is known about the interactions between shrimp larvae and water, and more especially, about larval bacterial selection and microbiota modulation across ontogeny. To address this gap, using HiSeq sequencing targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA molecule, we investigated the active prokaryotic diversity and structure of healthy Penaeus stylirostris larvae and seawater. Comparisons between different larval stages revealed evidence of stage-specific microbiotas and biomarkers, a core microbiota common to all stages, and shared taxa between successive stages, suggesting vertical transmission of bacterial taxa. Comparisons between stage-specific microbiotas and core microbiotas with water storages highlighted that many taxa associated with the larvae were originally present in the natural seawater, underlining horizontal transmission of bacteria from water to larvae. As some of these lineages became active at specific larval stages, we suggest that larvae were able to modulate their microbiota. This study provides insight into larvae-microbiota interactions at the larval stage scale.