BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEMEN
Authors: Saleh Amr Abdu Mohammed , Al-Shamahy Hassan A. , Al-Hrazi Roqiaa Mohammed Ahmed , Jaadan Bushra Mohammed , AL-Magrami Rahma Taher Farea , Al-Sharani Amani Abdulhakeem 
Published: January 2020

Biofilm formation by uropathogens on the surface of indwelling medical devices, can inflict obstinate or recurring infection, thought-provoking antimicrobial therapy.  This study included 227 patients with indwelling urinary catheters and suffering from CAUTI. They were analyzed for biofilm formation and antibiogram susceptibility, 59.4% were males and 40.6% were females. Ensuing phenotypic identification of isolated bacteria, antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method following   the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI 2015) guidelines; Biofilm-forming uropathogens were detected by the tissue culture plate (TCA) method. The predominant uropathogen in catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) was Escherichia coli 46.3%, followed by K. pneumonia 18.5%, P. aeruginosa 11.9%, 7%, S. coagulase negative 5.7%, S. aureus 4.8%, Enterobacter spp. 4.4%, E. faecalis 1.3%.  The total rate of biofilm producer bacteria was 49.3% (21.1% high producers, 28.2% moderate producers). Prime biofilm producers were E. coli 60%  with OR=8.6 (p=0.002), followed by K. pneumoniae 57.1% with OR=10.1 (p=0.002), and P. aeruginosa 37% with OR=6.6 (p=0.02). The biofilm producers bacteria were associated with >65year patients (OR=5.4, p>0.001), pre-UTI (OR=2.4,p<0.001), long duration of catheterization (OR=15.3, p<0.001), and diabetic mellitus (OR=3.5, p<0.001). Multidrug resistance associated with biofilm producers were greater than biofilm non-producers.  Gram-negative biofilm producers found 100%, 100%, 88.6%, 82.9%, 81.9%, 80.9%, and 72.4%, 40%, 33% resistant to ampicillin , amoxyclave, cotrimoxazole,  ceftraxone, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime , nitrofurantoin and amikacin respectively. Gram-positive biofilm producers, however, were found 85.7%, 85.7%, 71.4%, 71.4%, 57.1% and 42.9% resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, gentamycin, norfloxacin, and nitrofurantoin respectively. In conclusion, a high antimicrobial resistance was observed in biofilm producers than non-biofilm producers. Of recommended antimicrobial therapies for CAUTIs, ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate were the least active antibiotics, whereas  imipenem and amikacin were found as the most effectual for gram-negative biofilm producer. Likewise, penicillin and erythromycin were the least active antibiotics, whereas vancomycin, and rifampicin were found as the most effective antibiotic for Gram-positive biofilm producer.
Peer Review History:
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Received file

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Name: Dr. Müjde Eryılmaz 
Affiliation: Ankara University, Turkey
E-mail: meryilmaz@ankara.edu.tr
 
Name: Dr. Tamer Mohamed Ali El Habibi
Affiliation: Suez Canal University, Egypt.
E-mail: tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg
 
Name: Dr. Ali Alyahawi
Affiliation: Depatment of Pharmacy, Al-Razi University, Yemen.
E-mail: alyahawipharm@yahoo.com
Comments of reviewer(s):

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