bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, and Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. , Laukkanen Jari A.
Published: July 2024

This narrative review aims to synthesize existing research on the impact of physical activity and sedentary behaviors on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). It also delves into the biological mechanisms through which these lifestyle factors might influence VTE risk, assesses the clinical and public health implications of these findings, and highlights gaps in the current research landscape. Furthermore, it evaluates the causal relevance of physical activity and sedentary behaviors to VTE using Mendelian randomization studies. We conducted a literature search for interventional, observational cohort and genetic studies from MEDLINE and Embase up to April 2024. High physical activity levels are associated with a reduced risk of first-time VTE, independent of factors such as body mass index, age, sex, or geographical location. Nonetheless, the exact nature of the dose–response relationship between physical activity levels and VTE risk remains unclear, particularly regarding the optimal intensity, frequency, and duration needed for VTE prevention. Unlike its effects on initial VTE risk, physical activity does not appear to influence the risk of recurrent VTE. Conversely, sedentary behaviors such as prolonged television viewing and long-distance travel (e.g., long-haul flights) are linked to an increased risk of VTE, a risk that persists despite adherence to physical activity guidelines. The causality of these associations is supported by evidence suggesting biological pathways such as alterations in blood flow and coagulation, inflammation, endothelial and platelet function, and the modulation of cardiometabolic risk factors. Future research should aim to delineate the dose–response curves for the relationships, explore the use of objective measures to more accurately assess both physical activity and sedentary behaviors, and clarify their causal roles in VTE risk, potentially guiding targeted prevention strategies.
Prevalence and risk factors of depressive symptoms in the postpartum period: An experience from urban West Bengal, India
Authors: Roy Sunetra K. , Majumdar Sukanta , Singh Rashmi , Paul Avijit
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a form of depression that affects new mothers within the first year after childbirth. PPD can negatively impact both the mother’s quality of life and the child’s development. Untreated PPD can lead to adverse outcomes, such as infant growth retardation, poor child survival, impaired development, and undernutrition. The burden of PPD is a significant public health concern, with a global prevalence increase of 18.4% from 2005 to 2015. Early detection and intervention of PPD can mitigate the severity and chronicity of symptoms.

Aims:

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD among mothers in an urban area of Kolkata and identify any influencing factors.

Materials and Methods:

The study utilized a cross-sectional design, surveying 189 mothers within the postpartum period of 6 weeks to 1 year. Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale was used to identify possible PPD.

Results:

About 29% of the women had probable PPD, 19% had possible depression, and 15% had no depression. Factors associated with depression included low birth weight and primiparity, while financial independence served as a protective factor. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that low-birth-weight babies, marital conflict, lack of support at home, and primiparity had higher odds of depression, whereas financial independence was a protective factor. Age was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

A high prevalence of PPD and significant associations with factors emphasized the importance of screening all mothers for PPD, providing medical care and counselling, and ensuring acceptance and support from partners, family, and society.
Sexual pleasure with ruptured corpus luteum cyst that ends in emergency room: A case report
Authors: Bobo TI , Ano-Edward GH , Bakare TY , Ogunlaja AO
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Rupture of corpus luteum cyst from sexual pleasure is an uncommon event that has not been reported in our environment (Africa). The patient is a 30-year-old primiparous woman who developed severe lower abdominal pain thirty minutes after sex; the pain was unrelenting despite the use of over-the-counter analgesic drugs and local herbs. Twelve hours after sex, when the problem persisted and she complained of dizziness and weakness, she was rushed to the emergency room of our facility for medical treatment. An initial diagnosis of ruptured ectopic gestation was made. She had an emergency laparotomy with repair of the ruptured cyst and blood transfusion. Incisional biopsy was taken from the cyst and pathological examination revealed a ruptured corpus luteum cyst. She did well post-surgery and was discharged to follow up in the clinic on the third day after surgery. Ruptured corpus luteum cyst from sexual pleasure is a rare event. Thus, a high index of suspicion is necessary to elicit a history of sex, which patients are often unwilling to disclose.
The relationship between the duration of diabetes and dimensions of general health and quality of life associated with the health of diabetic patients
Authors: Nickzad Sepehr , Foroutan Majid , Hedayati Amir Hossain , Pourmohseni Mohammad Reza , Asl Nemat Sotodeh
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. Diabetes has a major impact on the quality of life of patients. The purpose of this study is the relationship between the duration of diabetes and dimensions of general health and quality of life associated with the health of diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional-analytical study, diabetic patients with more than 1-year history who were not suffering from other chronic diseases were included in the study. Then, using 15 questions for diabetes quality of life, questionnaires and GHQ28 general health were investigated in terms of quality of life and general health. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 24 software.

Results:

The average age was equal to 42.8 ± 14.4 years (with a median of 40 years). The average duration of the disease in the patients was equal to 7.7 ± 7.2 years (with a median of 5 years). The average quality of life score of the patients was equal to 50.3 ± 7.8 (out of 75). A negative and significant correlation between age and quality of life of patients was observed (P < 0.001). The duration of the disease had a direct and significant relationship with the general health score. But a significant difference between the quality of life of married and single people was not observed (P = 0.613). A direct and significant relationship between duration of disease, age with physical symptoms (P < 0.001), anxiety and insomnia (P = 0.001), social activity failure (P = 0.013), and depression (P = 0.001) was observed and was also observed with the overall score of general health (P < 0.001).

Discussion and Conclusion:

The duration of diabetes disease affects the quality of life and general health of diabetic patients, and discomfort, depression, and anxiety are the main problems that affect the quality of life of diabetic patients.
Prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among adult population in primary care centers in Bahrain – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alsaweer Abeer A. , Tareq Darraj Muneera , Mahmood Janahi Shaikha , Yusuf Aljowder Fatema , Salem Almoammari Nasra , Isa Alkhater Nayla , Aldoseri Alhanoof Bader , Alshaikh Abeer Abdullatif , Ali Aysha Khalid , Khaliqi Faezah Ahmed , Mohsen Amal Ali , Almarabheh Amer , Husni Mariwan
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The global increasing prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorders and symptoms among various age groups and nationalities is considered a great clinical challenge. However, limited data are available on this topic in the Middle East and Gulf Council Countries. This study aimed to raise awareness of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among adults in Bahrain by determining its prevalence and risk factors among patients attending primary healthcare centers

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients attending primary healthcare centers in Bahrain. A self-administered online questionnaire using Google form, a free online survey-creating website, was distributed through WhatsApp messages. A snowball sampling technique was used. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: the socio-demographic data of participants, the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory, and the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted.

Results:

A total of 614 participants were included with a mean age of 30.04 ± 13.04 years. Most participants were females (82.5%) and single (n = 347, 56.5%). The estimated prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among the participants was 15%; most of them reported mild symptoms (85%). Significantly higher obsession and compulsion symptoms were found among non-Bahraini (P < 0.001 and P < 0.002), single (P < 0.001 and P < 0.033), and student participants (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002) compared to their counterparts, respectively. In addition, undergraduates reported higher obsessions compared to other participants (P = 0.005).

Conclusions:

Approximately, one in every eight people in Bahrain were found to suffer from obsessive-compulsive symptoms, especially single, students, and non-Bahraini participants. These findings highlight the need for raising awareness of obsessive-compulsive disorder and its symptoms as well as the importance of early detection and management of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Long-term outcome of patients with diabetic-range hyperglycemia first detected during admission for COVID-19: A single-center observational study
Authors: Agarwal Ketan , Kirti Ravi , Shyama Shyama , Kumar Pragya , Biswas Ratnadeep , Ojha Vishnu S.
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:

Diabetic-range hyperglycemia has been reported for the first time in many patients during their hospitalization with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study was undertaken to determine the proportion of such patients who actually have new-onset diabetes mellitus rather than transient hyperglycemia during acute illness.

Methods:

This descriptive study included patients with diabetic-range hyperglycemia first detected at or during admission for COVID-19 but no prior history of diabetes. The study protocol involved patient identification, data recording from the case-notes, and telephonic follow-ups. Blood sugar levels done at least two weeks after discharge or the last dose of steroids, whichever was later, were recorded, and patients were categorized as diabetic, pre-diabetic, or non-diabetic accordingly

Results:

Out of 86 patients, ten (11.6%) were found to have developed diabetes, and 13 (15.1%) had pre-diabetes on follow-up. About 63 (73.3%) patients had become normoglycemic. Eight (80%) out of the ten patients with new-onset diabetes were on treatment, with five (50%) achieving the target glycemic levels. The associations of new-onset diabetes with age, gender, comorbidities, intensive care stay, and steroid administration were not found to be statistically significant (p-values 0.809, 0.435, 0.324, 0.402, and 0.289, respectively).

Interpretation and Conclusions:

While a majority of post-COVID patients with diabetic-range hyperglycemia returned to a normoglycemic state after the acute illness had settled down, one in ten developed new-onset diabetes, and an additional one in seven had impaired glucose tolerance. Thus, regular glucose screening is crucial for such patients and lifestyle modifications should be encouraged to reduce the risk of diabetes. Loss to follow-up and reliance on a single set of blood sugar readings for classification were some of the limitations of this study.
Evaluating the consequences of critically ill patients with pediatric cancer at Aliasghar Children’s Hospital
Authors: Charmduzi Forugh , Ebrahimi Hamidreza Khoshnezhad , Jafarnejad Shabahang , Gharab Saeid Gholami , Iranmanesh Saeideh , Jafarnejad Meissa , Mousaeinejad Negin
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Despite significant progress in supportive care and advancements in chemotherapy treatments, cancer remains a leading cause of mortality in children. The objective of this study was to assess the potential correlation between various risk factors and the consequences of patients with pediatric cancer who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Methods:

The present investigation is a retrospective cohort study that examined children with cancer who were between the ages of 1 month and 17 years and had been admitted to the PICU. Demographic and clinical information of all patients, including such as the age, type of cancer, sex, BMI, history of specific disease, PICU admission time, disease condition on PICU admission, patient’s status at PICU admission, and number of organ failures, were extracted from each patient file

Results:

The number of pediatric oncology patients admitted to the PICU was 127. The highest mortality rate was observed among children with heart problems (75%), followed by CNS involvement (54.2%) and sepsis (42.9%). The study found that various factors had a significant effect on the outcomes of patients who were admitted to the PICU, including but not limited to the primary type of malignancy, disease status, indications for hospital admission, patient’s condition, inpatients’ length of stay (LOS), tumor type, and the extent of organ failure at the time of admission to the PICU.

Conclusion:

Despite recent advancements in healthcare, the prognosis of patients admitted to the PICU in underdeveloped areas remains suboptimal in comparison to those in developed regions. Poor outcomes were found to be significantly associated with various factors, including the primary type of malignancy, disease status, the reason for admission to the PICU, patient’s condition, LOS, tumor type, and the extent of organ failure, especially in cases involving hematological malignancies.
Arterial stiffness as a screening tool for cardiovascular risk in health and disease
Authors: Ganji Vidya , Sowganthikashri A , Taranikanti Madhuri , Kalpana M , Madhusudhan U , Gaur Archana , John Nitin A.
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for approximately one-third of all deaths worldwide. The incidence of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infraction has been reported to be progressively increasing with age, especially with existing comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Assessing arterial stiffness indices may serve as a screening tool in identification of population at risk of cardiovascular diseases and assist in implementation of preventive measures and early treatment in this population.

Objectives:

To measure and compare the arterial stiffness indices in healthy adults with diabetes, hypertension and obesity.

Methods:

A total of 184 adults in the age group of 30-50 years were included in the study who were divided into 4 groups: Group I (n = 64) (diabetic), group II (n = 40) (hypertensives), group III (n = 40) (obese) and group IV (n = 40) (control). The arterial stiffness indices were measured by using a certified oscillometric device in all the participants.

Results:

The arterial stiffness indices were assessed by using a certified oscillometric device in all the participants. The mean values of right baPWV and left baPWV are found to be significantly higher in hypertensive subjects compared with obese, diabetic and healthy controls.

Conclusion:

The pulse wave velocity, ASI and pulse pressure serve as independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality and outcomes in hypertension, diabetes and obesity as well as healthy individuals.
The prevalence of anaemia in rural adolescent girls – A cross-sectional study to understand the sociodemographic and dietary determinants in Dharwad District, India
Authors: Pavithran Sreeshma , Patil Sachin Kumar
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Anaemia is one leading cause of morbidity among adolescent girls. Prevention, early detection, and treatment can break the intergeneration cycle of malnutrition.

Aims/Objectives:

The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of anaemia and assess its sociodemographic determinants and understand its association with the dietary pattern of rural adolescent girls.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 adolescent girls studying in the school of Kalgatigi Taluk, Dharwad district. The school girls were interviewed using a predesigned structured questionnaire by interview method. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the dietary pattern. Haemoglobin levels were estimated using Sahli’s method.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS version 19 and the Chi-square test was applied to study the significance.

Results:

Rural adolescent school girls between the age group of 13–16 years were included. The prevalence of anaemia among them was found to be 47.4% and was significantly associated with the educational status of the mother, their socioeconomic status (SES), and type of diet. Vegetarian girls had a higher prevalence of anaemia. The frequency of meat and egg consumption was significantly associated with anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia was higher in thin and severely thin girls based on WHO-BMI.

Conclusions:

Anaemia in rural adolescent girls is of high burden and public health importance with a prevalence of 47.4% and significant association with dietary habits, SES, and BMI.
Self-medication in medical students in urban India: Exploring the extent of this dangerous practice
Authors: Honnekeri Amalesh , Bhaveshaikh Nachiket , Shah Medha , Nayak Usha
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

To assess the prevalence of self-medication in urban Indian medical students and explore possible factors associated with this practice.

Methods:

After obtaining institutional ethics approval, 180 medical students from six medical colleges in Mumbai were recruited to participate via social media. They were administered a pre-validated questionnaire that assessed self-medication as a practice, along with the perceived stress scale (PSS-10) online. Anonymity and confidentiality were maintained

Results:

The prevalence of self-medication in medical students was found to be 83.9%, with no significant difference between genders or between academic years of medical education. The most used source of information for self-medicating was older prescriptions, and for procuring drugs was pharmacist stores. Common cold was the most cited indication. Anti-pyretics and anti-inflammatory drugs were the most commonly self-medicated drugs. It was found that 73.3% of medical students had self-medicated with non-over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. It was observed that 6.1% of medical students had experienced adverse drug reactions, and alarmingly, 0.6% of medical students continued self-medicating despite experiencing adverse drug reactions

Conclusions:

Most of the study participants admitted to having practised self-medication. It was alarming to find that an appreciable fraction of the study population had uncontrolled access to non-OTC drugs. Thus, there needs to be a greater emphasis on the education of medical students with respect to the problems encountered by self-medicating and a need to enforce stricter regulations, as well as to establish a more watertight monitoring system, to curb this hazardous practice.
Knowledge and utilization of Integrated Child Development Services among antenatal women during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ferdina Taniyaa Cruz , Vellingiri Deepanchakravarthi , Raja N Sabari , Paulin Dharmalingam Gracy
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the healthcare delivery system in both developed and developing countries. Many antenatal women skipped their regular antenatal check-ups due to fear of viral contamination and lack of transport facilities. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), which plays a major role in antenatal care, also suffered a great deal during the pandemic.

Objectives:

1. To assess knowledge and utilization of ICDS services by antenatal women during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2. To determine factors influencing the knowledge and utilization of ICDS services by antenatal women. 3. To determine the barriers to utilization of ICDS services during the pandemic.

Methodology:

This study was conducted as a descriptive study in a tertiary care center. Antenatal women whose pregnancy period coincided with the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The sample size was calculated as 198. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

Results:

Around 61% of the study population had adequate knowledge about ICDS services. The proportion of antenatal women utilizing ICDS services reduced from 87.8% to 69.6% during the pandemic. Only a few of the mothers were followed up by the Anganwadi workers during the pandemic. The main barriers to not utilizing ICDS services were fear of the spread of the pathogen and lack of awareness about the availability of services during the pandemic.

Conclusion:

There has been a reduction in the utilization of ICDS services by antenatal women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Measures should be taken by the government to ensure undisrupted care for antenatal women during such hard times.
An epidemiological study on morbidity profile among food handlers in Panaji city, Goa
Authors: Pradhan Saili S. , Cacodcar Jagdish A. , Jose Dhanya , Akarkar Nikhil S.
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Access to safe and nutritious food is key to promoting good health. An estimated 600 million fall ill after eating contaminated food, for which food handlers may constitute a common source of contamination. In addition to unhealthy food handlers, disease carriers handling the food play an equally important role in transmitting these diseases and pose a significant threat to public health. This study, therefore, aimed to know the morbidity profile among the food handlers employed in various food establishments in Panaji city.

Methods and Material:

Using stratified sampling techniques, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 227 participants selected from 12 food establishments. We did three visits to each food establishment. We excluded food handlers who were unavailable despite three visits at fortnightly intervals and those who did not consent to the study. We administered a pre-designed and pre-structured questionnaire to each participant. A general examination and laboratory investigations, including stool and urine routine, were performed on all participants. We performed descriptive and analytical statistics by using SPSS version 14

Results:

Out of the 227 study participants, 79 (34.8%) had at least one morbidity at the time of examination. None of the food handlers had received a single dose of typhoid, hepatitis A, or cholera vaccines. Most (74.4%) study participants did not administer deworming tablets

Conclusions:

We found that the health status of the study participants was substandard. Food safety may be in peril among food handlers with lower education backgrounds with morbidities as they may have little understanding of the risk of microbial contamination of food. Therefore, it is essential to create awareness among them.
Unprecedented association: Enormous calculus concomitant with salivary gland tumor
Authors: Pattnaik Naina , Singh Dhirendra Kumar , Pathi Jugajyoti , Sangamesh NC , Jalaluddin Mohammad , Bhola Kumari Lucy
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Calculus represents a mineralized form of bacterial plaque, commonly developing on natural tooth surfaces exposed to a continuous supply of saliva. The salivary composition significantly influences the degree of calculus formation in individuals, exerting a pivotal role in this aspect. Reduced salivary output elevates vulnerability to oral diseases. Numerous contributing elements might be associated with the development of significant calculus, potentially implicating the existence of a salivary gland tumor, notably related to the left parotid gland. This report stands as notable documentation of an extraordinary and infrequent occurrence of calculus formation associated with a salivary gland tumor, presenting an exceptional case within the scope of medical literature.
Prevalence and influencing factors of metabolic syndrome among rural adult population in a district of South India
Authors: Latha P Swarna , Sangeetha S , Vijayakarthikeyan M , Shankar R
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Metabolic syndrome has increased globally due to sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets and obesity, which is posing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Understanding the determinants of metabolic syndrome like lifestyle factors, socioeconomic status and the environment are vital for devising effective prevention and management. Research into these determinants helps to identify high-risk populations and develop interventions to reduce its occurrence.

Objectives:

i. To estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the adult population. ii. To determine the factors associated with metabolic syndrome among the adult population.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was carried out among 410 adults (≥18 years). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data and National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III criteria was used to diagnose metabolic syndrome. Continuous and categorical data were represented as mean and proportion, respectively. The strength of the association was determined using the prevalence ratio and adjusted prevalence ratio.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 44.97 ± 14.7, about 58.3% of them were females. Metabolic syndrome prevalence was 39.8%. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that being over 40 years old, marital status, higher socioeconomic status, skilled workers, physical inactivity and obesity were independently linked to metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions:

The burden can be reduced by identifying the risk factors at the early stage through screening and by adopting a healthy lifestyle.
Family medicine viewed through the public lens: A national cross-sectional study in Lebanon
Authors: Shalak Manar , Nepal Manoj , Al Ghadban Yasmina , Antoun Jumana , Romani Maya
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Family medicine (FM) is a medical specialty that provides continuing, comprehensive health care for the individual and the family. This study aimed to describe Lebanese citizens’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward FM as a specialty.

Methods:

This is a national cross-sectional phone-based survey targeting the knowledge of the public about FM and its scope of practice. Questions were asked whether participants had primary health care doctors and their specialties

Results:

A total of 373 participants were included, with a response rate of 85.2%. Two-thirds were aware of the specialty of FM, while only 16.6% of the participants had previously visited a family physician. Most participants (69.7%) had a doctor they regularly consulted. One-third of participants had a general practitioner as their regular doctor. More than 80% of the participants agreed that FM physicians treat all family members with common and chronic diseases. Around 60% to 75% of participants knew that family physicians provide medical care to children, treat patients with psychiatric impairments, and perform minor surgeries. There was a significant gap in the participants’ knowledge of FM physicians’ role in managing obstetric or gynecologic patients.

Conclusion:

Despite public awareness of FM, limited understanding and system challenges hinder its utilization in Lebanon. Educational campaigns, government-supported FM practices, and collaborations with public health initiatives are crucial to bridging the knowledge gap and establishing FM as the cornerstone of primary care. This knowledge gap challenges the specialty’s identity and necessitates promoting FM as the cornerstone of primary care, potentially requiring a system-wide endorsement.
The socio-demographic profile of family physician graduates of blended-learning courses in India
Authors: Velavan Jachin , Marcus Tessa S.
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

India’s lean cadre of 250,000 general practitioners and 30,000 government doctors has limited options to update themselves. Since 2006, Christian Medical College (CMC) Vellore has run blended-learning programs in family medicine, namely, postgraduate diploma in family medicine (PGDFM) and master in medicine in family medicine (M.MED FM) training more than 3000 doctors. A graduate follow-up study was undertaken in 2022.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to describe the socio-demographic characteristics of family physicians (FPs) in India who graduated between 2008 and 2018 from the FM blended-learning programs run by the CMC, Vellore.

Settings and Design:

Informed by an empirical-analytic paradigm, this descriptive study used a cross-sectional survey design to uncover graduate FPs’ profiles, practices and experiences.

Methods and Materials:

Using a purposively designed, piloted and validated electronic questionnaire, data were collected between March and July 2022, deidentified and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)TM and Epi InfoTM.

Results:

Among the 438 FP respondents (36%), there was an almost even split in gender (49.3% male, 50.7% female). Moreover, 25.8% were below the age of 40 years, 37.4% were in the 40–49 age group, and 33.8% were 50 years of age or older; 86% lived and worked in urban areas. The PGDFM or M.MED FM was the highest educational qualification of 64.4% of the doctors. Male FPs pursued postgraduate studies at a significantly younger age and earned significantly more than their female counterparts.

Conclusions:

The blended learning model creates an important pathway for doctors, especially women, to pursue higher education with flexibility. Preferential selection criteria can target rural-based physicians. Strong policy-level advocacy is needed to establish FM as a specialty with equitable pay scales. Socio-demographic profiling can be used as an effective advocacy tool.
Rise in rabies cases in Jammu region: A problem that requires urgent attention
Authors: Dewan Deepika , Langeh Sahil , Kotwal Suresh , Gupta Rajat , Kumar Dinesh
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease that is endemic in India. Both forms of rabies, namely, encephalitic and furious, invariably lead to coma and death. Lack of awareness is the most critical barrier in accessing timely post-exposure prophylaxis that can prevent the progression to clinical disease.

Aims:

To report the case series of fourteen clinically suspected rabies cases.

Settings and Design:

We followed a retrospective study design. Data were collected from the Anti Rabies Section of Government Medical College, Jammu, which is a tertiary care hospital of Jammu Division.

Methods and Material:

We collected data of all patients over a period of three years, from 2017 to 2020, who were diagnosed as cases of clinically suspected rabies on the basis of classic signs and symptoms and who finally succumbed to the disease.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics was used to describe the results of the study

Results:

In the present description, the mean age of the patients was 31 ± 18.6 years. Out of 14 suspected cases, 9 had not received any post-exposure prophylaxis—neither vaccine nor serum—and instead visited spiritual faith healers. The remaining patients had history of either incomplete, unknown, or incorrect vaccination status. Median duration of presentation of symptoms after dog bite was 42 days, with a range of 15–180 days. Mean survival of patients after presentation of symptoms was around 1.8 days

Conclusions:

Low level of awareness resulted in non-seeking of health-care services after animal bites.
Exploring influential factors in childhood vaccine delays in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Basham Karam , Al Mutairi Faris , Baw Bara , Al Said Leila
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Infectious diseases present a substantial worldwide health challenge, yet vaccines have played a crucial role in significantly decreasing illness rates. Despite their effectiveness, global vaccination coverage stands at 85%, leaving a considerable number of infants without routine immunization. Our study seeks to examine the occurrence of delayed primary vaccination and the factors influencing it in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia addressing a critical void in current research.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional investigation was carried out in the primary care facilities of the first health cluster in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Information was gathered utilizing a well-structured questionnaire, modified from a prior study. The study encompassed children aged two years and younger, accompanied by their parents who brought their vaccination cards for the visit. Non-probability convenience sampling was employed for data collection. Subsequently, the data underwent thorough cleaning in Excel (Microsoft Excel) and was subjected to analysis using IBM SPSS 29 (IBM SPSS Statistics 29).

Results:

The study involved 402 participants, primarily over 12 months old, with a balanced gender distribution. Noteworthy findings indicate a 20.9% prevalence of childhood vaccine delays, with reasons such as high-grade fever (33.3%) and travel (26.2%). Significant associations were found in children aged 6–12 months (25.8%, P = 0.039), families with over four children (31%, P = 0.010), perceptions of vaccine harm (50.0%, P = 0.013), and acknowledgment of neglect (96.4%, P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The research illuminates the complex factors influencing childhood vaccine delays in Saudi Arabia. Stressing the significance of personalized interventions, it underscores the necessity to tackle challenges specific to age, parental perspectives, and access issues for improved vaccination outcomes.
Predictive value of serum alanine aminotransferase for fatty liver associated with metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Liu Wen-Xiu , Liu Lei
Published: July 2024

In this editorial, we offer commentary on the article published by Chen et al in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology (2024; 30: 1346-1357). The study highlights a noteworthy association between persistently elevated, yet high-normal levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and an escalated cumulative risk of developing metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). MAFLD has emerged as a globally prevalent chronic liver condition, whose incidence is steadily rising in parallel with improvements in living standards. Left unchecked, MAFLD can progress from hepatic steatosis to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma, underscoring the importance of early screening and diagnosis. ALT is widely recognized as a reliable biomarker for assessing the extent of hepatocellular damage. While ALT levels demonstrate a significant correlation with the severity of fatty liver disease, they lack specificity. The article by Chen et al contributes to our understanding of the development of MAFLD by investigating the long-term implications of high-normal ALT levels. Their findings suggest that sustained elevation within the normal range is linked to an increased likelihood of developing MAFLD, emphasizing the need for closer monitoring and potential intervention in such cases.
Sexual Quality of Life and Marital Adjustment in Women With Hypertension in Türkiye
Authors: Şahan Haluk Furkan , Uslu Şahan Fatma , Karayel Edanur
Published: July 2024

Aim: This study aimed to determine whether the sexual quality of life and marital adjustment in women with hypertension differ according to some descriptive characteristics and the effect of sexual quality of life on marital adjustment.
Material and Method: This research was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study within the Cardiology outpatient clinic of a hospital located in the Turkish capital between July 15 and November 1, 2023. The study focused on female patients seeking medical care during this specified period, and purposive sampling was employed for participant selection. The study sample consisted of 157 women with hypertension. “Personal information form,” "Sexual Quality of Life Scale," and "Marital Adjustment Scale" were used as data collection tools. “Descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis” were used to analyze the data.
Results: The mean score of the sexual quality of life scale was 59.13 ± 21.37, and the mean score of the marital adjustment scale was 37.82 ± 11.55 in participants. There was a positive correlation between the sexual quality of life and the marital adjustment scale (r=0.645; p=0.001). The sexual quality of life of participants accounted for 42% of the total effect on marital adjustment. An increase in the sexual quality of life leads to a 0.645-fold increase in marital adjustment.
Conclusion: The study suggests counseling patients and spouses about marital adjustment and considering the sexual quality of life in hypertensive women.
Postdialysis Fatigue and Comfort Levels of Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment
Authors: Özdemir Özlem
Published: July 2024

Aim: In this study aimed to determine postdialysis fatigue and comfort levels in patients receiving hemodialysis treatment and the factors affecting them.
Material and Method: The study is a descriptive and cross-sectional research. It was completed with 112 patients receiving regular hemodialysis treatment. Patient Evaluation Form, Postdialysis Fatigue Scale and Hemodialysis Comfort Scale were used to collect data.
Results: The mean score of the Postdialysis Fatigue Scale was 35.73 ± 11.80. The mean score of the Hemodialysis Comfort Scale was 24.57 ± 8.91. There was a negative correlation between the Postdialysis Fatigue Scale score and the Hemodialysis Comfort Scale score of the patients (r=-0.558, p=0.000). The results of the multiple regression analysis were significant predictors of the presence of complaints between two dialysis, postdialysis blood pressure levels and postdialysis fatigue level of comfort levels (p
Auditoría tributaria para la detección de riesgos y oportunidades en el sector comercial
Authors: Quispe Medina Monserrath Carolina , Narváez Zurita Ximena Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

La auditoría tributaria es una herramienta esencial en la gestión fiscal de las empresas, destinada a garantizar el cumplimiento de las obligaciones tributarias y a identificar oportunidades de optimización fiscal. En consecuencia, este estudio se enfocó en explorar los aspectos de la auditoría tributaria en el sector comercial, utilizando un enfoque cuali-cuantitativo. Se emplearon métodos histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético y sistemático para analizar los datos recopilados.  Los resultados indican que las sanciones fiscales se perciben como el mayor riesgo debido a la falta de planificación tributaria en el sector comercial de productos de consumo masivo en la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador, la falta de experiencia en análisis de datos se identifica como el principal desafío en la detección proactiva de riesgos fiscales. Además, se destacan oportunidades empresariales como la mejora de la gestión del riesgo fiscal y la identificación de incentivos fiscales.  Se concluye que, en cuanto al control interno, la claridad en políticas y procedimientos es esencial para la detección oportuna de riesgos fiscales.
Analisis Hukum Potensi Akibat Wanprestasi Perjanjian Pemborongan Pekerjaan Pengadaan dan Pemasangan Hospital Elevator di PT. Louserindo Megah Permai
Authors: Hamzah Fathoni Muchamad , Pieris John , Sri Widiarty Wiwik
Published: July 2024

Berekonomi yang bijak adalah berekonomi yang berperjanjian dalam perjanjian, namun meskipun sudah diatur dalam perjanjian tidak sedikit para subjek hukum yang melakukan perjanjian saling berselisih di meja peradilan perdata, karena undang-undang yang dibuat dan diingkari sendiri baik secara sengaja ataupun karena kekhilafan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan guna menganalisis potensi akibat hukum dari wanprestasi dalam perjanjian pemborongan pekerjaan pengadaan dan pemasangan hospital elevator di PT. Louserindo Megah Permai. Melalui pemakaian pendekatan yuridis normatif, studi berikut mengidentifikasi dampak-dampak hukum yang dapat muncul akibat wanprestasi dan potensi penyelesaian sengketa. Hasil penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa selama ini PT. Louserindo Megah Permai belumlah pernah mengalami permasalahan hingga ke peradilan atau pemutusan kontrak, karena pihak pemakaian jasa memberi peluang kepada pihak pemborong guna melakukan perbaikan serta pelengkapan kekurangan pekerjaan sesuai kontrak. Namun, penelitian ini juga menyoroti bahwa penyelesaian sengketa secara musyawarah sering kali terhambat oleh perbedaan persepsi mengenai perihal yang dinilai remeh satu pihak namun materiil oleh pihak lain. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya mitigasi risiko, kepatuhan terhadap regulasi, dan peningkatan komunikasi antara para pihak untuk mencegah terjadinya wanprestasi dan mengoptimalkan hasil proyek. Kesimpulan bahwa pentingnya kepatuhan terhadap regulasi dan standar kontraktual serta peningkatan komunikasi antara para pihak menjadi faktor kunci dalam mencegah terjadinya wanprestasi dan mengoptimalkan hasil proyek.
THE INFLUENCE OF WORKPLACE WELL-BEING ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION
Authors: Pramudya Ega , Andaru Rafi , Sunimah Sunimah
Published: July 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of workplace welfare on the performance of PT Riyana Cipta Pangan employees, as well as the mediating role of job satisfaction in this relationship. The sample of this study amounted to 135 employees of a company, which was determined using the simple random sampling method. The study reveals that workplace welfare positively impacts employee performance at PT. Job satisfaction mediates the relationship between workplace well-being and employee performance. This suggests that companies should focus on improving aspects of workplace wellbeing to enhance overall employee performances.
International Law (SDG'S): Regulation of Conflicts and International Relations
Authors: Marukhovska-Kartunova Olga , Bozhkov Andrii , Romanchuk Valentyn , Bazov Oleksandr , Grytsyshen Dymytrii , Opanasiuk Valentyna
Published: July 2024

Objective: This research aims to explore effective systems for managing international conflicts and optimizing the global security framework amidst escalating military confrontations and worsening economic and environmental challenges worldwide.
 
Theoretical Framework: The study delves into the integration of legal frameworks within nations engaged in hostilities, examining key institutions influencing the regulation of international conflicts.
 
Method: Utilizing qualitative and quantitative approaches, the research scrutinizes scholarly publications, evaluates prevailing strategies employed by states in conflicts, and assesses major geopolitical entities' support for such conflicts. It synthesizes insights from diverse disciplines, including international law, political science, and international relations.
 
Results and Discussion: Case studies of conflicts in Ukraine and Israel underscore the complexities of applying international law to contemporary conflicts. The study highlights the need to reform the legal framework of international organizations like the European Union to enhance conflict management efficacy. It emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research in developing more effective legal frameworks and strategies for conflict resolution and peacekeeping.
 
Research Implications: This research contributes to understanding the dynamic interplay between law and politics in conflict resolution.
 
Originality/Value: This research identifies areas for further research, including the role of international organizations in peacekeeping and the intersection of conflict regulation with other branches of international law.
Development of Low Carbon Cement Ecosystem in Indonesia Using Combine Stakeholder Analysis and Social Network Analysis: In a Perspective of Cement Company
Authors: Murpi Solehudin ,   School of Business and Management, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia, Novani Santi ,   School of Business and Management, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

GHG emission remain the main issue for cement industry as well as global GHG emission record. GHG emission was still considered as the main contributor of global warming. Therefore, cement industry has an obligation to decarbonize its business. However, decarbonization is a complex process that need to be treated as an ecosystem. Low carbon cement is one of the objectives to decrease GHG emission in cement industry. The production of low carbon cement could be seen as an ecosystem that the stakeholders/actors within the ecosystem interacted each other. Stakeholder analysis and social network analysis could be used to evaluate the importance of the stakeholders/actors and the pattern of the interaction. By combining these two tools, there are 10 stakeholders/actors that should be put in main consideration. Eigenvector centrality and betweenness centrality were used to prioritize and evaluate the stakeholders. Construction company is the most popular stakeholder/actor and the most important intermediary actor due to its eigenvector centrality and betweenness centrality value of 0,347 and 35,610 respectively. Meanwhile construction company was also classified in a Player quadrant in power-interest matrix grid. In summary, cement company could prioritize its strategic initiative to engage with 10 most important and intermediaries’ actors in low carbon cement ecosystem.