bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primates chunk simultaneously-presented memoranda
Authors: Holmes Charles D. , Ching ShiNung , Snyder Lawrence H.
Published: December 2022

Though much research has characterized both the behavior and electrophysiology of spatial memory for single targets in non-human primates, we know much less about how multiple memoranda are handled. Multiple memoranda may interact in the brain, affecting the underlying representations. Mnemonic resources are famously limited, so items may compete for “space” in memory or may be encoded cooperatively or in a combined fashion. Understanding the mode of interaction will inform future neural studies. As a first step, we quantified interactions during a multi-item spatial memory task. Two monkeys were shown 1–4 target locations. After a delay, the targets reappeared with a novel target and the animal was rewarded for fixating the novel target. Targets could appear either all at once (simultaneous) or with intervening delays (sequential). We quantified the degree of interaction with memory rate correlations. We found that simultaneously presented targets were stored cooperatively while sequentially presented targets were stored independently. These findings demonstrate how interaction between concurrently memorized items depends on task context. Future studies of multi-item memory would be served by designing experiments to either control or measure the mode of this interaction.
Toward a personalized closed-loop stimulation of the visual cortex: Advances and challenges
Authors: Grani Fabrizio , Soto-Sánchez Cristina , Fimia Antonio , Fernández Eduardo
Published: December 2022

Current cortical visual prosthesis approaches are primarily unidirectional and do not consider the feed-back circuits that exist in just about every part of the nervous system. Herein, we provide a brief overview of some recent developments for better controlling brain stimulation and present preliminary human data indicating that closed-loop strategies could considerably enhance the effectiveness, safety, and long-term stability of visual cortex stimulation. We propose that the development of improved closed-loop strategies may help to enhance our capacity to communicate with the brain.
Effects of stent shape on focal hemodynamics in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: A simulation study with computational fluid dynamics modeling
Authors: Liu Haipeng , Liu Yu , Ip Bonaventure Y. M. , Ma Sze Ho , Abrigo Jill , Soo Yannie O. Y. , Leung Thomas W. , Leng Xinyi
Published: December 2022

Background and aims

The shape of a stent could influence focal hemodynamics and subsequently plaque growth or in-stent restenosis in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). In this preliminary study, we aim to investigate the associations between stent shapes and focal hemodynamics in ICAS, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with manually manipulated stents of different shapes.

Methods

We built an idealized artery model, and reconstructed four patient-specific models of ICAS. In each model, three variations of stent geometry (i.e., enlarged, inner-narrowed, and outer-narrowed) were developed. We performed static CFD simulation on the idealized model and three patient-specific models, and transient CFD simulation of three cardiac cycles on one patient-specific model. Pressure, wall shear stress (WSS), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) filtration rate were quantified in the CFD models, and compared between models with an inner- or outer-narrowed stent vs. an enlarged stent. The absolute difference in each hemodynamic parameter was obtained by subtracting values from two models; a normalized difference (ND) was calculated as the ratio of the absolute difference and the value in the enlarged stent model, both area-averaged throughout the arterial wall.

Results

The differences in focal pressure in models with different stent geometry were negligible (ND<1% for all cases). However, there were significant differences in the WSS and LDL filtration rate with different stent geometry, with ND >20% in a static model. Observable differences in WSS and LDL filtration rate mainly appeared in area adjacent to and immediately distal to the stent. In the transient simulation, the LDL filtration rate had milder temporal fluctuations than WSS.

Conclusions

The stent geometry might influence the focal WSS and LDL filtration rate in ICAS, with negligible effect on pressure. Future studies are warranted to verify the relevance of the changes in these hemodynamic parameters in governing plaque growth and possibly in-stent restenosis in ICAS.
Clinicopathological characteristics of gastrointestinal schwannomas: A retrospective analysis of 78 cases
Authors: Peng Hailing , Han Liu , Tan Yuyong , Chu Yi , Lv Liang , Liu Deliang , Zhu Hongyi
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Schwannomas are tumors arising from Schwan cells of the neural sheath, which rarely occur in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of gastrointestinal schwannomas (GISs).

Methods

Patients who were diagnosed with GISs in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2021 were selected. Data about demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, treatment methods and outcomes, pathological results, and follow-up results were retrospectively collected and analyzed.

Results

A total of 78 patients with 79 GISs were included, the female-to-male ratio was 55:23, and the average age was 52.12 ± 12.26 years. One-third (26/78) of the patients were asymptomatic. A total of 79 GISs were removed, and the average size was 3.63 ± 2.03 cm (range, 0.3–10 cm). As for tumor location, 54 GISs were located in the stomach, 14 in the esophagus, 2 in the duodenum, 6 in the colorectum (4 in the colon and 2 in the rectum), and the other 3 in the small intestine. A total of 23 and 55 patients underwent endoscopic and surgical resections, respectively. Compared with surgical resection, endoscopic resection is associated with a smaller diameter, lower cost, and shorter hospital stay. Pathological results revealed that S100 was positive in all the GISs. No recurrence was noticed during a median follow-up of 45 months (range, 6–148 months).

Conclusion

GISs are rare gastrointestinal tumors with favorable prognoses, which are most commonly seen in the stomach and diagnosed by pathological findings with immunohistochemical staining. Surgical resection remains the standard method for removing GISs, while endoscopic resection may serve as an alternative method for selected patients with GISs and may be attempted in GISs with a diameter of <3 cm and no signs of malignancy.
The connection between innervation and metabolic rearrangements in pancreatic cancer through serine
Authors: Dong Mengmeng , Cao Lidong , Cui Ranji , Xie Yingjun
Published: December 2022

Pancreatic cancer is a kind of aggressive tumor famous for its lethality and intractability, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common type. Patients with pancreatic cancer often suffer a rapid loss of weight and abdominal neuropathic pain in their early stages and then go through cachexia in the advanced stage. These features of patients are considered to be related to metabolic reprogramming of pancreatic cancer and abundant nerve innervation responsible for the pain. With increasing literature certifying the relationship between nerves and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), more evidence point out that innervation’s role is not limited to neuropathic pain but explore its anti/pro-tumor functions in PDAC, especially the neural–metabolic crosstalks. This review aims to unite pancreatic cancer’s innervation and metabolic rearrangements with terminated published articles. Hopefully, this article could explore the pathogenesis of PDAC and further promote promising detecting or therapeutic measurements for PDAC according to the lavish innervation in PDAC.
Exploring online and offline explainability in deep reinforcement learning for aircraft separation assurance
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhou Yifei , Wei Peng
Published: December 2022

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has demonstrated promising performance in maintaining safe separation among aircraft. In this work, we focus on a specific engineering application of aircraft separation assurance in structured airspace with high-density air traffic. In spite of the scalable performance, the non-transparent decision-making processes of DRL hinders human users from building trust in such learning-based decision making tool. In order to build a trustworthy DRL-based aircraft separation assurance system, we propose a novel framework to provide stepwise explanations of DRL policies for human users. Based on the different needs of human users, our framework integrates 1) a Soft Decision Tree (SDT) as an online explanation provider to display critical information for human operators in real-time; and 2) a saliency method, Linearly Estimated Gradient (LEG), as an offline explanation tool for certification agencies to conduct more comprehensive verification time or post-event analyses. Corresponding visualization methods are proposed to illustrate the information in the SDT and LEG efficiently: 1) Online explanations are visualized with tree plots and trajectory plots; 2) Offline explanations are visualized with saliency maps and position maps. In the BlueSky air traffic simulator, we evaluate the effectiveness of our framework on case studies with complex airspace route structures. Results show that the proposed framework can provide reasonable explanations of multi-agent sequential decision-making. In addition, for more predictable and trustworthy DRL models, we investigate two specific patterns that DRL policies follow based on similar aircraft locations in the airspace.
Case report: Exploring under the tip of the iceberg: A case series of “self-limiting” multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Authors: Meneghel Alessandra , Martini Giorgia , Balzarin Marta , Zabadneh Nadia , Fastiggi Michele , Tirelli Francesca , Zulian Francesco
Published: December 2022

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious condition triggered by SARS-COV-2 infection, characterized by persistent fever, multiorgan dysfunction, and increased inflammatory markers. It requires hospitalization and prompt treatment, with nearly 60% of the cases needing intensive care and 2% fatality rate. A wide spectrum of clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches has been reported in MIS-C. We describe a series of four patients with MIS-C, defined according to the current case definitions, with a self-limiting course and no need for immunomodulatory treatment (“self-limiting MIS-C”). Few data about self-limiting MIS-C are available to date and no information on medium- and long-term outcome of this subset of patients has been reported. Although limited in size, our experience provides new insights into the MIS-C syndrome, highlighting an underestimated aspect of the disease that may have significant therapeutic implications.
Tenascin-C predicts IVIG non-responsiveness and coronary artery lesions in kawasaki disease in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Li Yujie , Xu Ziqing , Wu Lin , Liang Xuecun , Zhao Lu , Liu Fang , Wang Feng
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To assess the predictive value of tenascin-C (TN-C) for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) non-responsiveness and coronary artery lesions (CALs) development at the acute stage of Kawasaki disease, and to build novel scoring systems for identifying IVIG non-responsiveness and CALs.

Methods

A total of 261 patients in acute-stage Kawasaki disease were included. Serum samples before IVIG initiation were collected and TN-C expression levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition to TN-C, another fifteen clinical and laboratory parameters collected before treatment were compared between IVIG responsive and non-responsive groups, and between groups with and without CALs. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to construct new scoring systems for the prediction of IVIG non-responsiveness and CALs development.

Results

IVIG non-responsive group (n = 51) had significantly higher TN-C level compared to IVIG responsive group (n = 210) (15.44 vs. 12.38 IU/L, P < 0.001). A novel scoring system composed of TN-C, total bilirubin, serum sodium and albumin was established to predict IVIG non-responsiveness. Patients with a total score ≥ 2 points were classified as high-risk cases. With the sensitivity of 78.4% and specificity of 73.8%, the efficiency of our scoring system for predicting IVIG non-responsiveness was comparable to the Kobayashi system. Consistently, the group developing CALs at the acute stage (n = 42) had significantly higher TN-C level compared to the group without CALs (n = 219) (19.76 vs. 12.10 IU/L, P < 0.001). A new scoring system showed that patients with elevated TN-C, platelet count ≥ 450 × 109/L, and delayed initial infusion of IVIG had a higher risk of developing CALs. Individuals with a total score ≥ 3 points were classified as high-risk cases. The sensitivity and specificity of the novel simple system for predicting CALs development were 83.3% and 74.0%, respectively, yielding a better efficiency than the Harada score.

Conclusion

Elevated TN-C appeared to be an independent risk factor for both IVIG non-responsiveness and CALs in Chinese children with KD. Our scoring systems containing TN-C is simple and efficient in the early identification of high-risk KD cases that could benefit from more individualized medications.
High-speed ghost imaging by an unpredictable optical phased array
Authors: Sun Xuyang , Chen Hui , Qiu Bingni , Wang Gao , Xu Wanting , Luo Sheng , Yuan Yuan , Chen Bing , Zheng Huaibin , He Yuchen , Xu Zhuo
Published: December 2022

Ghost imaging (GI) retrieves an image from the correlation between a sequence of illumination patterns on the object and their corresponding bucket detections. Traditionally, GI requires the precise information of the illumination patterns, which raises technology barriers on building a high-speed illumination source, limiting the scope of its application. In this study, we propose a high-speed GI system, which implements a self-correlation with a purely optical operation without determining illumination patterns. The light source is an optical phased array (OPA), built of a set of waveguide-type electro-optic phase modulators. The OPA is driven to randomly change the phases in every 200 ns, generating speckle patterns at a rate of 5 MHz. Although the speckle patterns are not predictable or post-determinable, with the help of the naked-eye GI scheme, the system in real time optically generates the images of the object at a frame rate of more than 1 kHz, which can be directly observed by eyes or using a camera. This method avoids acquiring the information of the illumination, thus providing a simple and easy way to realize high-speed GI. It also inspires a different way of applying OPAs to high-speed imaging.
Are head-down tilt bedrest studies capturing the true nature of spaceflight-induced cognitive changes? A review
Authors: Barkaszi Irén , Ehmann Bea , Tölgyesi Borbála , Balázs László , Altbäcker Anna
Published: December 2022

Although a number of studies have examined cognitive functions in space, the reasons behind the observed changes described by space research and anecdotal reports have not yet been elucidated. A potential source of cognitive changes is the cephalad fluid shift in the body caused by the lack of hydrostatic pressure under microgravity. These alterations can be modeled under terrestrial conditions using ground-based studies, such as head-down tilt bedrest (HDBR). In this review, we compare the results of the space and HDBR cognitive research. Results for baseline and in-flight/in-HDBR comparisons, and for baseline and post-flight/post-HDBR comparisons are detailed regarding sensorimotor skills, time estimation, attention, psychomotor speed, memory, executive functions, reasoning, mathematical processing, and cognitive processing of emotional stimuli. Beyond behavioral performance, results regarding brain electrical activity during simulated and real microgravity environments are also discussed. Finally, we highlight the research gaps and suggest future directions.
Alkaline stress reduces root waving by regulating PIN7 vacuolar transport
Authors: Liu Yu , Mu Chenglin , Du Dongdong , Yang Yi , Li Lixin , Xuan Wei , Kircher Stefan , Palme Klaus , Li Xugang , Li Ruixi
Published: December 2022

Root development and plasticity are assessed via diverse endogenous and environmental cues, including phytohormones, nutrition, and stress. In this study, we observed that roots in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited waving and oscillating phenotypes under normal conditions but lost this pattern when subjected to alkaline stress. We later showed that alkaline treatment disturbed the auxin gradient in roots and increased auxin signal in columella cells. We further demonstrated that the auxin efflux transporter PIN-FORMED 7 (PIN7) but not PIN3 was translocated to vacuole lumen under alkaline stress. This process is essential for root response to alkaline stress because the pin7 knockout mutants retained the root waving phenotype. Moreover, we provided evidence that the PIN7 vacuolar transport might not depend on the ARF-GEFs but required the proper function of an ESCRT subunit known as FYVE domain protein required for endosomal sorting 1 (FREE1). Induced silencing of FREE1 disrupted the vacuolar transport of PIN7 and reduced sensitivity to alkaline stress, further highlighting the importance of this cellular process. In conclusion, our work reveals a new role of PIN7 in regulating root morphology under alkaline stress.
The moderating effect of psychological trust on knowledge spillovers and firms’ open innovation
Authors: Huang Rui , Jin Jie , Sunguo Tianxin , Liu Yongsong
Published: December 2022

Psychological trust is an important link in building interpersonal relationships and has a significant impact on the attitude and behavior of knowledge subjects. Based on the characteristics of knowledge attributes, this paper analyzed the data of 180 high-tech firms in China from 2014 to 2020 to deeply explore the effects of explicit knowledge spillover and tacit knowledge spillover on firms’ open innovation, and the moderating effect of psychological trust on the relationship between the two. It is found that: first, explicit knowledge spillover and tacit knowledge spillover have an inverted U-shaped relationship with firms’ open innovation, i.e., the effect of open innovation increases and then decreases as the degree of knowledge spillover increases; second, psychological trust positively moderates the non-linear relationship between knowledge spillover and firms’ open innovation. This paper provides a rational explanation of firms’ management behavior from a psychological perspective, and enriches and expands the research related to knowledge spillover, firms’ open innovation and psychological trust. It is suggested that firms should pay more attention to inter-organizational trust relationships and pay attention to the psychological growth and development of knowledge employees to improve open innovation in firms.
The effect of faith in intuition on moral judgment: The mediating role of perceived harm
Authors: Jiang Shanshan , Ding Shang , Ding Daoqun
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to explore the relationship between faith in intuition and moral judgment and the underlying mechanism among Chinese college students using a questionnaire and experimental method. The results showed that levels of faith in intuition predicted more moral wrongness regarding ambiguous hurtful behaviors than unambiguous ones. Additionally, the perceived harm mediated the effect of individuals’ levels of faith in intuition on moral wrongness regarding ambiguous harm behaviors but not regarding unambiguous harm behaviors. The results of this study provide empirical evidence on the relationship between faith in intuition and moral judgment in Chinese culture and have implications for future studies of moral judgments.
Socio-economic factors associated with mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea
Authors: Lee Seo Yoon , Lee Jung Jae , Lee Hooyeon
Published: December 2022

Background

Individuals are at an increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. To reduce the impact on mental health outcomes that were induced by national-level policies, which may influence an individual at the community level, exploring the comprehensive relations between individual and environmental factors are needed. The aim is to examine socio-ecological factors associated with mental health outcomes, including depressive and anxiety symptoms, with the perspective of support to provide interventions that help the community during future disease outbreaks.

Method

From 5 November to 20 November 2020, a cross-sectional and population-based study was conducted to assess the socio-ecological factors of mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1,000 participants, aged 20–69 years, in Chungnam Region, South Korea, were included in this study. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the association between socio-ecological factors and mental health outcomes. The primary outcomes were individuals' mental health outcomes which are measured by PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores.

Results

Of the 1,000 participants, the average PHQ-9 was 4.39, and GAD-7 was 3.21 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the participants with moderate or severe levels of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were 12.6 and 6.8%, respectively. Higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with participants who were single, reported a lower household income, had decreased support from friends or family, and increased stress from the workplace or home. In subgroup analyses by age, gender, and household income, a similar trend was reported in individual and interpersonal-level factors. There were significant associations between regional-level factors, including gross regional domestic product (GRDP), mental health institutions, psychiatrists, nurse-to-population ratios, and individuals' mental health outcomes.

Conclusion

The management of depressive and anxiety symptoms of individuals during the pandemic was better explained by individual and interpersonal characteristics rather than regional-level factors, highlighting the need for more policies aimed at these lower levels.
Mass consciousness: from industrial to information society
Authors:   vice-rector for scientific, educational and international activities of the Moscow University for the Humanities, Kostina Anna Vladimirovna
Published: December 2022

In the current geopolitical situation, those issues that social philosophers and political scientists were discussing throughout the 20th century and which, in a certain sense, became a commonplace, a kind of common knowledge, which is studied in higher educational institutions and which does not represent any novelty, have become relevant. It is referred to mass consciousness, the laws that govern it, and what represents the basis of modern mass culture. The basics of these laws are known to almost all people with a secondary education. Everyone admits that the mass media control mass consciousness, and the media owners manipulate it to their advantage. It would seem that this knowledge equips modern person with the understanding that these processes must be resisted. However, in practice, everything is different. The author shows that mass consciousness is formed in a similar way and through similar mechanisms both in the industrial and information societies.
Panel of jurors: topical issues of formation and activities
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Moscow University for the Humanities, Aliev Elparas Nariman ogly
Published: December 2022

The article deals with topical issues related to the formation and activities of the jury in Russia. The solutions aimed at increasing the efficiency of this institution are proposed.
The multi-vector nature of Serbia's foreign policy: content, meaning, prospects
Authors:   Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs of Russia, Moscow, Kobelkov R. A.
Published: December 2022

The Republic of Serbia throughout its history has sought to pursue an independent multi-vector foreign policy. The favorable geographical position in the very center of the Balkan Peninsula allowed the Serbs to remain a key link between East and West. But today Belgrade is facing unprecedented pressure from the US and its allies in Europe. Washington and Brussels are striving to implement the scenarios of other states of the former Yugoslavia and fi nally deprive Serbia of the opportunity to pursue an independent foreign and domestic policy. Such an outcome threatens not only the state interests of Serbia, as well as Belgrade's ties with Moscow. However, in the conditions of diametrically opposed positions with the West on a number of key issues, Belgrade is developing successful and effective economic cooperation with the United States and the European Union, combining it with close and mutually benefi cial partnership with Russia and China. The multi-vector approach is dictated primarily by the strategic importance of each of the Serbian foreign policy partners in the fi elds of economy, energy, science, infrastructure or security. A change in Belgrade's political course could lead to serious consequences both in Serbia itself and in the region.
Change of young diplomats "Lessons of diplomacy" in Tyumen
Authors:   Institute of Current International Problems, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, School of International Information Security, Martirosyan A. Zh.
Published: December 2022

"Lessons of diplomacy" in Tyumen.
Práctica pedagógica inclusiva
Authors: Villegas Cubas Josué Audias
Published: December 2022

Los docentes de educación básica han recibido escasa formación profesional para atender a estudiantes inclusivos con diversas características; es un reto para el maestro aplicar estrategias didácticas que respondan a estas exigencias. El objetivo de este artículo fue identificar información especializada sobre las prácticas pedagógicas que realizan los docentes para lograr aprendizajes en estudiantes inclusivos. Se identificó aportes que fueron el resultado de una selección de diversas fuentes, analizadas y categorizadas considerando la actual práctica educativa que realizan los docentes y la necesidad de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Concluyendo que las mejoras en la formación inicial del maestro, las políticas educativas e institucionales, los enfoques inclusivos y los recursos didácticos, son categorías fundamentales para los aprendizajes de los estudiantes junto a una reflexión sobre las fortalezas de los docentes, equipos directivos, medios y materiales didácticos para obtener resultados que respondan a las expectativas de aprendizajes de estudiantes inclusivos.
Inducción académica de estudiantes como estrategias de transición a las universidades en el periodo 2010-2021
Authors: Placencia-Ibadango Martha Verónica , Placencia-Ibadango Silvia Maribel , Vargas-Vera Ramon Miguel
Published: December 2022

La transición de la secundaria a la universidad, los bachilleres son afectados por el desconocimiento de la carrera, el nuevo sistema de estudio, que termina en la deserción estudiantil; las universidades realizan acciones, como bienvenida, charlas de orientación, asesoría durante el primer año de estudios. El objetivo fue determinar inducción académica de bachilleres como estrategia para la transición a la universidad, en el periodo 2010-2021. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de tipo descriptiva, utilizando palabras clave de tesauro de la Unesco de documentos bibliográficos de varias Bases de datos: Cochrane, CINALHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ENFISPO, Scopus, LILACS. Se seleccionaron 62 artículos de inducción académica y solo 9 estaban relacionados con la inducción del bachiller al ingreso a la carrera universitaria. Se concluye que la inducción académica de bachilleres fue una estrategia de transición en las universidades, porque permitió conocer a personas y no comenzar solo su primer día de clase.
Calidad de servicio educativo durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Yarlequé Taffur Wilson John , Peña Oxolón César Jesús , Bernuy Ramírez Ana Melva
Published: December 2022

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la calidad de servicio educativo durante la pandemia por el COVID-19 en educación superior. La metodología empleada en la elaboración de artículo, consistió en una revisión sistemática de trabajos de índole científica, a través de la base de datos Scopus ingresando los descriptores de la variable Educational service quality y la búsqueda se realizó por título del artículo, obteniéndose ciento dieciocho (118) resultados de documentos. los artículos revisados muestran que la calidad de servicio educativo está relacionada con la satisfacción de los estudiantes sobre todo en la seguridad y empatía. La calidad de servicio educativo en todos los niveles se encuentra relacionado significativamente con la satisfacción de los estudiantes, además en el contexto de la globalización, las instituciones educativas se ven afectadas por los procesos de internacionalización lo que conlleva a cambios estructurales a nivel gerencial y la necesidad de desarrollar nuevas estrategias para un desarrollo efectivo.
Proposições didáticas para a compreensão dos padrões silábicos do português
Authors: Santos Damasceno Nascimento Silvana , Ludwig Gayer Juliana
Published: December 2022

Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa desenvolvida, em 2019, no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Letras da Universidade Federal da Bahia, cujo objetivo foi apresentar uma proposta de intervenção pedagógica com vistas a minimizar os índices de desvios ortográficos motivados por sílabas complexas. A discussão teórica centra-se na teoria da sílaba (Collischonn, 2010) e em postulações sobre o aprendizado da escrita (Soares, 2018; Mollica, 2003). A metodologia consistiu na aplicação de avaliação diagnóstica a alunos do sexto ano de uma Escola da Rede Municipal de Lauro de Freitas, na Bahia. Os dados coletados evidenciaram inúmeros problemas relacionados à escrita ortográfica, sendo 39,02% correspondentes a dificuldades na grafia de palavras de padrão silábico complexo. Os dados orientaram a elaboração das atividades pedagógicas que trouxeram como resultados a diminuição dos desvios motivados por sílabas complexas e maior predisposição dos alunos para automonitorar seus textos escritos.
Proposta de sequência didática para tratamento de desvios ortográficos de verbos terminados em [ãw] e [w] no pretérito do indicativo
Authors: Mangueira Lima Júnior Ronaldo , Dos Santos Carvalho Márcia
Published: December 2022

Esta pesquisa buscou avaliar o efeito de uma sequência de atividades relacionadas ao conhecimento grafofonológico das terminações [ãw] e [w] de verbos do pretérito do indicativo (por exemplo, a dúvida entre ‘correram’ e ‘correrão’, e o desvio de ‘correl’* para ‘correu’). A investigação aconteceu em duas turmas do 6o ano, experimental e controle, de uma escola pública do Ceará. Os alunos fizeram pré testes, receberam uma intervenção com atividades reflexivas e centradas no aprendiz, e, por fim, realizaram pós testes. Os resultados apresentaram uma diminuição expressiva na quantidade dos desvios ortográficos em foco apenas na turma experimental, levando à conclusão de que o efeito das atividades foi positivo.
ensino dos elementos fônicos no livro didático Nuevo Español en Marcha
Authors: Mesquita Neto José Rodrigues de
Published: December 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo geral analisar o tratamento dado aos elementos fônicos dentro do livro didático no ensino de espanhol como língua estrangeira. Para isso, recorremos teoricamente a autores que tratam sobre os diferentes métodos de ensino e aprendizagem de línguas (ARZAMENDI et al., 2003; (MARTÍNEZ, 2009) e sobre o ensino de pronúncia (FARIAS, 2018). Nossa metodologia é primordialmente qualitativa e descritiva. Nosso corpus está composto pelo livro didático Nuevo Español en marcha (A1+A2). Os resultados apontam que o livro foca na correção fonética e que o ensino da pronúncia está atrelado, majoritariamente, ao nível ortográfico.
Efeitos da instrução explícita de pronúncia na inteligibilidade local: um estudo sobre a identificação, por ouvintes brasileiros, de vogais médias anteriores produzidas por um aprendiz argentino de português brasileiro
Authors: Kickhöfel Alves Ubiratã , De Aquino Carla , Signor Buske Ana Carolina , Fraga da Silva Israel
Published: December 2022

Partindo-se de uma concepção de ensino de pronúncia com foco na inteligibilidade da fala (LEVIS, 2005, 2018), verificamos os efeitos da instrução explícita na identificação, por ouvintes brasileiros, das vogais médias anteriores do PB produzidas por um aprendiz argentino. O instrumento de percepção contou com dados obtidos de um pré-teste, um pós-teste imediato e um de retenção (18 semanas após a instrução). Os resultados evidenciam uma melhora significativa nos índices de identificação da categoria /ɛ/ no pós-teste imediato. A análise acústica dos estímulos, associada à verificação dos dados de identificação, mostra que os ouvintes brasileiros tomam F1 como pista prioritária para a distinção entre as categorias fonológicas de /e/ e /ɛ/ nas produções em L2 do aprendiz.
Estrutura da sílaba e acento tônico: novos caminhos e estratégias para o ensino de acentuação gráfica
Authors: Oliveira Marian , Da Cruz Silva Adriana , Pacheco Vera
Published: December 2022

Considerando a deficiência apresentada por alunos do 9o ano em usar corretamente os acentos gráficos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um conjunto de oficinas nas quais foram trabalhadas as noções de estrutura silábica, peso silábico, sílabas tônica e átona e suas consequências para o uso do acento gráfico. As oficinas foram elaboradas tendo por base os estudos linguísticos de Camara Jr. (1994), Bisol (1999, 2014) e Collischonn (2007) sobre acento. A análise contrastiva dos resultados obtidos pelo grupo-teste e pelo grupo-controle nas atividades de pré-teste e pós-teste evidencia melhora considerável do uso do acento gráfico pelos alunos quando esse conteúdo é ensinado a partir das bases fonológicas do acento tônico.
Treinamento fonético e aperfeiçoamento da percepção e da produção oral por falantes estrangeiros de Português como L2
Authors: Macedo de Oliveira Rocha Carolina , Alves Fonseca Aline , Barros Weiss Denise
Published: December 2022

Neste artigo, apresentamos os resultados do uso de metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem de Português como segunda língua (L2) que se baseiam na abordagem linguística-analítica (Souza, 2009; Daneluci, 2015; Azimova, 2019) e no estímulo ao desenvolvimento da consciência fonológica em L2 (Alves, 2012b; Santos, 2012; Gomes, 2019), aplicadas em um curso de aperfeiçoamento da percepção e da produção oral do Português como L2, ofertado para 14 estudantes estrangeiros, falantes de Espanhol e Francês como primeira língua (L1). Foram realizadas atividades de práticas experimentais de produção oral e de treinamento fonético- perceptual de sons do Português Brasileiro (PB) com o uso dos softwares Praat e TP. Os resultados encontrados nestas atividades apontam para uma melhora significativa na compreensão e na produção oral dos participantes do estudo.
persistência de “erros” ortográficos e a sua relação com os fenômenos fonético- fonológicos do Português Brasileiro
Authors: Carvalho Renata
Published: December 2022

Este artigo tem o intuito de evidenciar a persistência de “erros” de ortografia na

idade adulta e a sua relação com o processo de variação linguística. Para isso, são brevemente descritos quatro dentre os diversos fenômenos fonético-fonológicos do Português Brasileiro (monotongação, ditongação, apagamento da consoante final e alçamento de vogais átonas), com base principalmente em Bortoni-Ricardo (2004), acompanhados de amostras de fala extraídas de cartas de atlas linguísticos regionais brasileiros e de exemplos de seus reflexos na escrita de crianças e adultos, além de reunir sugestões para o ensino de ortografia apresentadas por estudiosos (CAGLIARI, 1999, 2001; CIDRIM, AGUIAR, MADEIRO, 2007; LEMLE, 2000, SCLIAR-CABRAL, 2003a e 2003b; SOARES, 2006a, 2006b, entre outros) da área da aprendizagem de escrita.
Quem me dera uma análise sintática para as expressões temporais fixas
Authors: Araújo-Adriano Paulo Ângelo , Coelho Claudia Souza
Published: December 2022

Dentro de uma abordagem formal, há poucos estudos sobre o funcionamento das expressões idiomáticas no português brasileiro. Dentro desse contexto, o presente trabalho tenta reduzir tal carência, analisando algumas expressões fixas condicionadas a um determinado tempo verbal, como é o caso de a Deus dará, será o Benedito, quem me dera, tomara, para citar algumas. Ancorados nos pressupostos da Morfologia Distribuída e argumentando contra a análise funcional de Fulgêncio (2008), mostramos que, muito embora tais expressões tenham um significado não composicional especial, elas não precisam ser armazenadas no léxico como tal, uma vez que sua derivação ocorre como qualquer estrutura morfossintática do português brasileiro – sua interpretação “especial” é desencadeada por instruções contextuais presentes em um componente da arquitetura da gramática, a Enciclopédia. Adicionalmente, trazemos evidências independentes para nossa proposta que resvalam na aquisição de L1, L2 e em perspectivas diacrônicas do português brasileiro.
Sejam bem-vindos: reflexões sobre a preparação de materiais de ensino de língua portuguesa para refugiados e solicitantes de refúgio
Authors: Baalbaki Angela , Trindade Rebelo Ana Cecília
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever as atividades de ensino de Língua Portuguesa para refugiados e solicitantes de refúgio realizadas por um projeto desenvolvido na Universidade do Rio de Janeiro. Tomada como uma língua de acolhimento para os diferentes sujeitos que buscam aprendê-la no espaço de enunciação (GUIMARÃES, 2002) brasileiro, as suas práticas de ensino passam a ser revistas e repensadas. Em uma perspectiva discursiva, compreendemos que esse (re)fazer e (re)pensar estão atrelados a formas distintas de produzir significação e, principalmente, como essa língua passa a ser (re)significada para sujeitos refugiados, em suas condições materiais de existência, afetados por deslocamentos forçados, que buscam novas formas de semantizar as novas relações sociais impostas. Em decorrências de tais condições de produção, foram produzidas algumas unidades didáticas sobre trabalho e emprego. Esse material foi produzindo em conformidade à noção de arquivo pedagógico (INDURSKY, 2019), uma noção muito produtiva em um contexto de alta rotatividade de alunos como os descritos neste texto.
Ensino de Português para não nativos: multidimensionalidades da prática e da formação docente
Authors: BARROS EV'ÂNGELA BATISTA RODRIGUES DE
Published: December 2022

Embora a demanda pelo ensino de Língua Portuguesa a falantes de outro idioma (sob a designação de língua de herança, de acolhida, entre outras) venha se intensificando, poucas universidades brasileiras oferecem graduação específica para esta modalidade. Assim, as ofertas de cursos a não nativos se dão no bojo de ações de extensão, com menor grau de institucionalização (de registro acadêmico, certificação, etc.), mas com resultados satisfatórios. Neste artigo, discute-se o trabalho desenvolvido durante cinco semestres, numa universidade comunitária mineira, em cursos de LP para estrangeiros (PLE), a turmas constituídas por intercambistas (como uma das ações de internacionalização da instituição) e para imigrantes residentes no entorno do campus. Tais ações constituem o tema dos relatos de dez monitores (7 da graduação e 3 do Programa de Pós-graduação) do curso de Letras, sobre os impactos a sua formação profissional e pessoal neste curso (cf. Furtoso, 2015; Ribeiro, 2020). Na análise dos relatos, explicita-se a discursivização, feita por essas jovens vozes, das representações sociais (cf. Moscovici, 2003) sobre identidade docente em construção e do valor da formação teórico-prática em trabalho coletivo e orientado. Conclui-se que, apesar dos desafios encontrados, o curso de PLE mobilizou e ajudou a desenvolver, nos envolvidos, uma série de competências – éticas e políticas, mas também técnicas e práticas – referentes ao métier docente.
Português para estrangeiros e interculturalidade: olhares para si e para o outro como processo de ressignificação cultural
Authors: Parissenti Cassiana , Ferreira de Campos Jucelina , Girardo Botelho Borges Flávia
Published: December 2022

Este artigo objetiva analisar a interculturalidade nas aulas de Português para Estrangeiros. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um grupo multinível e multilíngue de um curso de extensão da UFMT. Teve como aporte teórico autores como Xavier Albó (2005), Bhabha (1998), Carmo (2016), entre outros. Metodologicamente, fez-se um recorte de uma das aulas, extraindo-se excertos de atividades que envolveram questões culturais nas quais os alunos se perceberem no mundo e ao mesmo tempo perceber o outro. Foram selecionados trechos em que se pode observar reflexões sobre interação, interculturalidade e identidade. Em síntese, percebeu-se que a interculturalidade demanda um jogo interacional do professor e do aprendiz e que questões sensíveis precisam ser trazidas à tona para evitar a formação de preconceitos linguísticos.

 

Palavras-chave: Interculturalidade. Identidade. Ensino de Línguas. PLE.
Considerações discursivas em questionários de avaliação de cursos universitários introdutórios de português no Chile
Authors: Dos Santos Marques Ana Laura , Baêta Neves Pereira Diniz Mônica
Published: December 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever, do ponto de vista discursivo, como as percepções da aprendizagem do português como uma segunda língua estrangeira (PLE) no contexto universitário chileno se correlacionam com crenças, emoções e experiências geradas

ao longo desse processo. Nossa proposta se baseia no referencial teórico-metodológico da Linguística Sistêmico Funcional para analisar as respostas obtidas em questionários de avaliação final de disciplinas. Abordamos também as noções cultura de aprender e cultura de ensinar, emoções e crenças em sala de aula. Os resultados obtidos apontam à complexidade do trabalho de planejar e conduzir aulas de PLE, posto que, no discurso, crenças, emoções e atitudes dos estudantes se manifestam em e influenciam esse processo.
A inclusão do migrante internacional na escola: uma demanda a ser discutida
Authors: De Moraes Eliani , Carmozini Marcelo
Published: December 2022

Este trabalho aborda a contribuição da interculturalidade para a construção de uma política linguística que promova o português como língua de acolhimento (PLAc) na escola pública brasileira, a fim de combater a xenofobia e a exclusão de migrantes internacionais. Para esse fim, foi analisada uma resolução governamental publicada recentemente pelo Conselho Nacional de Educação, a qual impõe ao sistema educacional o desenvolvimento de uma política de inclusão. A metodologia é qualitativa, com a análise documental e revisão bibliográfica, resultando em uma análise de dados que aponta para a necessidade de adoção de uma política linguística considerando as Representações Sociais analisadas.
Emergência, relativização e (des)construção de estereótipos culturais pelo jogo de categorizações e posicionamentos
Authors: Heitor Sampaio Glauber , Terezinha Ladeira Wania
Published: December 2022

Este artigo busca discutir como identidades culturais, sob a forma de estereótipos e essencialismos, emergem e são desconstruídas (ou ratificadas) no movimento de afiliações de pertencimento produzidas e (re)negociadas pelos participantes através das representações performativizadas e (re)posicionadas pela (e na) língua. A análise proposta se baseia na teoria dos posicionamentos (DEPPERMANN, 2015; LANGENHOVE, HARRÉ, 1994) que, no contexto analisado, se manifestam em narrativas co-construídas pelos estudantes, bem como pelo modo como categorizam uns aos outros no curso das interações (FITZGERALD, HOUSLEY e RINTEL, 2017; FITZGERALD e HOUSLEY 2015). Tal pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo e interpretativista, baseada na análise de dados gerados em uma turma de imersão de Português como Língua Adicional (PLA). A análise dos dados sugere que os estereótipos, embora percebidos em um primeiro momento, podem ser, por vezes, desconstruídos e relativizados através de reflexões advindas de novas experiências vivenciadas pelos estudantes no país anfitrião. Os resultados trazem implicações para os estudos da fala-em-interação, bem como para a área de formação de professores, uma vez que apresentam uma visão acerca da necessidade de repensarmos uma abordagem que considera a cultura sob perspectivas não-essencialistas.
Bonne nouvelle : les enseignants du fondamental estiment qu’il est important d’enseigner l’oral en classe et se sentent compétents pour le faire ! Mais certains ne le font quand même pas…
Authors: Colognesi Stéphane , Moser Vanessa , Deschepper Catherine , Hanin Vanessa
Published: December 2022

L'objectif de cette contribution est de prolonger un état des lieux réalisé en 2019 sur l'enseignement de l'oral. Plus particulièrement, nous abordons ici : (1) les croyances des enseignants concernant l’oral et son enseignement ; (2) leur sentiment de compétence pour le faire ; (3) les situations orales pour lesquelles les enseignants estiment que les élèves doivent être compétents en langage orale ; (4) ce qu'ils disent faire concernant l'oral en classe et (5) les freins qui pourraient les empêcher de mener à bien des activités où l'oral est enseigné. En plus, nous avons voulu savoir si les réponses à ces questionnements divergeaient entre les enseignants du maternel et du primaire. Il ressort des analyses quantitatives et qualitatives menées certaines différences existent entre les enseignants des deux "groupes", mais aussi des ressemblances : ils trouvent que c'est important de travailler et enseigner l'oral en classe et ils se disent confiants dans leur capacité à l'enseigner. Leur top 4 des situations qu'il faudrait privilégier en classe est "donner une explication, expliquer un raisonnement, exprimer ses émotions et reformuler une idée". On remarque aussi un écart entre ce que les enseignants pensent, leurs conceptions de l’enseignement de l’oral en classe et leurs pratiques rapportées qui renseignent finalement peu d'oral enseigné. Cinq freins pour l'enseignement de l'oral ressortent de nos analyses.
Formação de professores(as) de inglês: oralidade na educação linguística crítica
Authors: Miquelante Marileuza , Cristovão Vera Lúcia Lopes , Pontara Claudia Lopes
Published: December 2022

Apresentamos, neste artigo, um estudo em torno de uma coleção didática desenvolvida por membros do Grupo de Pesquisa Linguagem e Educação (LED). O material, denominado Cleret[1] (Rotas para Educação Linguística Crítica para Professores de Inglês), elaborado com base no Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo, na Didática das Línguas e na Educação Linguística Crítica, agrupa-se em torno de esferas sociais da atividade humana. Nosso principal objetivo é apresentar uma análise dos oito livros que compõem o material, em termos de oralidade. Para isso, utilizamos como categorias de análise as capacidades de linguagem e capacidades docentes. Como conclusão, apresentamos as referidas Rotas no seu potencial como: i) instrumento de mediação em relação ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem de línguas; ii) instrumento para desenvolvimento de capacidades docentes para formação de profissionais mais críticos e autônomos.

 

[1] Critical Language Education Routes for English Teachers.