bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between triglyceride-glucose index and risk of endometriosis in US population: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey (1999–2006)
Authors: Liu Penglin , Wang Yixiao , Ji Xuechao , Kong Wenzhi , Pan Zangyu , Xu Chunyu , Geng Yuning , Miao Jinwei
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

The association of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a promising novel biomarker for insulin resistance, with the risk of endometriosis has not been investigated to date. This nationwide study aimed to explore the association between the TyG index and the endometriosis risk.

Methods

Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2006). Female participants who provided complete data on the TyG index and endometriosis were enrolled in the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were utilized to assess the association of the TyG index with endometriosis, adjusted by multiple potential confounders. Meanwhile, in-depth subgroup analyses were conducted.

Results

A total of 1,590 eligible participants were included, among whom 135 (8.5%) women were diagnosed with endometriosis. The fully adjusted multivariate logistic model showed TyG index was significantly associated with the endometriosis risk (odds ratio [OR]Q4 versus Q1 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–3.62; P for trend=0.013). In subgroup analyses, the significantly positive association between TyG index and the risk of endometriosis was also found in parous women (ORQ4 versus Q1 2.18, 95% CI: 1.20–3.96), women without diabetes (OR Q4 versus Q1 2.12, 95% CI: 1.19–3.79), women who smoke currently (OR Q4 versus Q1 3.93, 95% CI: 1.33–11.58), women who drink currently (OR Q4 versus Q1 2.54, 95% CI: 1.27–5.07), and in women who use oral contraceptives (OR Q4 versus Q1 1.91, 95% CI: 1.04–3.51). Additionally, significantly increasing trends in the odds of endometriosis across the quartiles of the TyG index were observed in the above-mentioned subgroups (all P for trend<0.05).

Conclusions

This population-based study found that a higher TyG index, representing an increased level of insulin resistance, was associated with a higher risk of endometriosis among the US population. Our findings suggested TyG index might be a promising tool for the risk assessment of endometriosis. Prospective studies are warranted to further verify these findings.
Impact of ultrasound elastography in evaluating Bethesda category IV thyroid nodules with histopathological correlation
Authors: Latia Monica , Borlea Andreea , Mihuta Monica Simina , Neagoe Octavian Constantin , Stoian Dana
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the gold standard method recommended in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Bethesda IV cytology results are identified in 7-9% of nodules investigated through FNA, with reported malignancy rate in a wide range of 10-40%. The recommended treatment is either surgical or risk additional molecular testing before surgery. However, a large number of nodules belonging to this category (60-80%) are observed to be benign after surgical excision, which can put the patient at risk of unnecessary surgical morbidity. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound, the ACR TI-RADS score and elastography in cases of Bethesda IV cytology on FNA.

Methods

We evaluated ninety-seven consecutive cases with Bethesda category IV results on FNA by using conventional B-mode ultrasound, qualitative strain or shear-wave elastography (Hitachi Preirus Machine, Hitachi Inc., Japan and Aixplorer Mach 30 Supersonic Imagine, Aix-en-Provence, France) and all nodules were classified according to the ACR TI-RADS system. Conventional ultrasound was used to categorize the nodules as potentially malignant based on the following features: hypoechogenicity, inhomogeneity, a taller than wide shape, irregular margins, presence of microcalcifications, an interrupted thyroid capsule and suspicious cervical lymph nodes. Elastography classified nodules with increased stiffness as suspicious for malignancy.

Results

We considered pathology results as the gold standard diagnosis, finding that 32 out of 97 nodules were carcinomas (33%) and 65 out of 97 were benign nodules (67%). The benign group included twenty cases of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP). Finally, we compared ultrasound data with pathology results, which showed that nineteen out of the 32 malignant nodules presented with increased stiffness on elastography (p=0.0002). On conventional ultrasound, we found that microcalcifications (p=0.007), hypoechogenicity and irregular margins (p=0.006) are features which can distinguish between benign and malignant nodules with statistical significance.

Discussion

Integrating elastography as a parameter of the ACR TI-RADS score in the evaluation of Bethesda category IV nodules showed a sensitivity of 90.62% in detecting thyroid cancer cases (p=0.006). We can conclude that elastographic stiffness as an addition to high risk features observed on conventional ultrasound improves the detection of malignant nodules in cases with Bethesda IV cytology.
Molecular epidemiology of dengue in Malaysia: 2015–2021
Authors: Chem Yu Kie , Yenamandra Surya Pavan , Chong Chee Keong , Mudin Rose Nani , Wan Ming Keong , Tajudin Norazimah , Abu Bakar Rehan Shuhada , Yamin Mohd Asri , Yahya Rokiah , Chang Chia-Chen , Koo Carmen , Ng Lee Ching , Hapuarachchi Hapuarachchige Chanditha
Published: May 2024

Dengue has been one of the major public health problems in Malaysia for decades. Over 600,000 dengue cases and 1,200 associated fatalities have been reported in Malaysia from 2015 to 2021, which was 100% increase from the cumulative total of dengue cases reported during the preceding 07-year period from 2008 to 2014. However, studies that describe the molecular epidemiology of dengue in Malaysia in recent years are limited. In the present study, we describe the genetic composition and dispersal patterns of Dengue virus (DENV) by using 4,004 complete envelope gene sequences of all four serotypes (DENV-1 = 1,567, DENV-2 = 1,417, DENV-3 = 762 and DENV-4 = 258) collected across Malaysia from 2015 to 2021. The findings revealed that DENV populations in Malaysia were highly diverse, and the overall heterogeneity was maintained through repetitive turnover of genotypes. Phylogeography analyses suggested that DENV dispersal occurred through an extensive network, mainly among countries in South and East Asia and Malaysian states, as well as among different states, especially within Peninsular Malaysia. The results further suggested Selangor and Johor as major hubs of DENV emergence and spread in Malaysia.
Encephalitozoon hellem infection after haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: a case report
Authors: Shang Yue , Ren Yuanyuan , Liu Lipeng , Chen Xia , Liu Fang , Li Xiaolan , Wan Yang , An Wenbin , Yang Wenyu , Zhu Xiaofan , Guo Ye
Published: May 2024

Background

Encephalitozoon hellem (E. hellem) infection is a zoonotic disease, rarely observed in individuals, causing various clinical manifestations including diarrhea, keratoconjunctivitis, cystitis, etc. E. hellem infection after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is a rare, serious complication.

Case presentation

Herein, we present a case of E. hellem infection developing during HLA-haploidentical HSCT in a 9-year-old boy who suffered from aplastic anemia. On 15 days after HSCT, the patient developed recurrent and prolonged fever, diarrhea and hematuria. It is challenging to differentiate whether the symptoms mentioned in this case are caused by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or a specific infection. Based on the result of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and clinical observation, the patient was diagnosed as E. hellem infection, and received albendazole and decreased the immunosuppressive treatment. Finally, he had recovered.

Conclusion

We should pay attention to the uncommon disease caused by the E. hellem infection after HSCT, especially in cases with immune reconstitution unrecovered. Among those rare infection, mNGS can be performed for better understanding the source of infection and targeted therapy, which can benefit the patients.
Integrin activating molecule-talin1 promotes skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Xu Dan , Yuan Xiandun , Li Zhaohua , Mu Rong
Published: May 2024

Background

Integrin-dependent cell adhesion and migration play important roles in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The roles of integrin activating molecules including talins and kindlins, however, are unclear in SSc.

Objectives

We aimed to explore the function of integrin activating molecules in SSc.

Methods

Transcriptome analysis of skin datasets of SSc patients was performed to explore the function of integrin-activating molecules including talin1, talin2, kindlin1, kindlin2 and kindlin3 in SSc. Expression of talin1 in skin tissue was assessed by multiplex immunohistochemistry staining. Levels of talin1 in serum were determined by ELISA. The effects of talin1 inhibition were analyzed in human dermal fibroblasts by real-time PCR, western blot and flow cytometry.

Results

We identified that talin1 appeared to be the primary integrin activating molecule involved in skin fibrosis of SSc. Talin1 was significantly upregulated and positively correlates with the modified Rodnan skin thickness score (mRSS) and the expression of pro-fibrotic biomarkers in the skin lesions of SSc patients. Further analyses revealed that talin1 is predominantly expressed in the dermal fibroblasts of SSc skin and promotes fibroblast activation and collagen production. Additionally, talin1 primarily exerts its effects through integrin β1 and β5 in SSc.

Conclusions

Overexpressed talin1 is participated in skin fibrosis of SSc, and talin1 appears to be a potential new therapeutic target for SSc.
MALT1 substrate cleavage: what is it good for?
Authors: Moud Bahareh Nemati , Ober Franziska , O’Neill Thomas J. , Krappmann Daniel
Published: May 2024

CARD-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signalosomes connect distal signaling of innate and adaptive immune receptors to proximal signaling pathways and immune activation. Four CARD scaffold proteins (CARD9, 10, 11, 14) can form seeds that nucleate the assembly of BCL10-MALT1 filaments in a cell- and stimulus-specific manner. MALT1 (also known as PCASP1) serves a dual function within the assembled CBM complexes. By recruiting TRAF6, MALT1 acts as a molecular scaffold that initiates IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/AP-1 signaling. In parallel, proximity-induced dimerization of the paracaspase domain activates the MALT1 protease which exerts its function by cleaving a set of specific substrates. While complete MALT1 ablation leads to immune deficiency, selective destruction of either scaffolding or protease function provokes autoimmune inflammation. Thus, balanced MALT1-TRAF6 recruitment and MALT1 substrate cleavage are critical to maintain immune homeostasis and to promote optimal immune activation. Further, MALT1 protease activity drives the survival of aggressive lymphomas and other non-hematologic solid cancers. However, little is known about the relevance of the cleavage of individual substrates for the pathophysiological functions of MALT1. Unbiased serendipity, screening and computational predictions have identified and validated ~20 substrates, indicating that MALT1 targets a quite distinct set of proteins. Known substrates are involved in CBM auto-regulation (MALT1, BCL10 and CARD10), regulation of signaling and adhesion (A20, CYLD, HOIL-1 and Tensin-3), or transcription (RelB) and mRNA stability/translation (Regnase-1, Roquin-1/2 and N4BP1), indicating that MALT1 often targets multiple proteins involved in similar cellular processes. Here, we will summarize what is known about the fate and functions of individual MALT1 substrates and how their cleavage contributes to the biological functions of the MALT1 protease. We will outline what is needed to better connect critical pathophysiological roles of the MALT1 protease with the cleavage of distinct substrates.
Semi-supervised learning advances species recognition for aquatic biodiversity monitoring
Authors: Ma Dongliang , Wei Jine , Zhu Likai , Zhao Fang , Wu Hao , Chen Xi , Li Ye , Liu Min
Published: May 2024

Aquatic biodiversity monitoring relies on species recognition from images. While deep learning (DL) streamlines the recognition process, the performance of these method is closely linked to the large-scale labeled datasets, necessitating manual processing with expert knowledge and consume substantial time, labor, and financial resources. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) offers a promising avenue to improve the performance of DL models by utilizing the extensive unlabeled samples. However, the complex collection environments and the long-tailed class imbalance of aquatic species make SSL difficult to implement effectively. To address these challenges in aquatic species recognition within the SSL scheme, we propose a Wavelet Fusion Network and the Consistency Equilibrium Loss function. The former mitigates the influence of data collection environment by fusing image information at different frequencies decomposed through wavelet transform. The latter improves the SSL scheme by refining the consistency loss function and adaptively adjusting the margin for each class. Extensive experiments are conducted on the large-scale FishNet dataset. As expected, our method improves the existing SSL scheme by up to 9.34% in overall classification accuracy. With the accumulation of image data, the improved SSL method with limited labeled data, shows the potential to advance species recognition for aquatic biodiversity monitoring and conservation.
A study of the effects of light, sound, and bubble curtains on the expulsion effect of Hexagrammos otakii
Authors: Dai Li , Zhang Zhen , Liu Jinhu , Chen Jianxin , Zhang Yu , Zhang Wenjie , Li Qi , Bai Wei , Zhang Rongyong , Xiao Hao
Published: May 2024

To investigate the expulsion effect of different expulsion modes on Hexagrammos otakii, this study examined various environmental conditions in an indoor tank. Specifically, different lighting conditions (white, blue, and green light at illumination intensities of 5000 lx, 8000 lx, and 10000 lx) were explored, as well as varied sound conditions (sound frequencies of 150 Hz, 300 Hz, and 450 Hz at different sound pressure levels of 130 dB, 140 dB, and 150 dB) and bubble curtain conditions (air volumes of 60 L/min, 120 L/min, and 180 L/min). Additionally, the expulsion effect of different fish densities (1.56 tails/m2, 2.35 tails/m2, 3.13 tails/m2) of Hexagrammos otakii was investigated. The findings revealed that the bubble curtain exhibited the most effective expulsion effect on Hexagrammos otakii, with an expulsion rate of (40.4 ± 12.0) %, the highest period of 53%, and an average expulsion distance of 3.0 expulsion intervals when the air volume was 180 L/min and the fish density was 1.56 tails/m2. Conversely, the expulsion effect of light and sound on Hexagrammos otakii was found to be insignificant, with the expulsion rate of sound not exceeding 20% and that of light being lower than 15%. These results have implications for the selection and design of fish expulsion equipment in offshore areas, such as those surrounding wind farms and nuclear power plants. Therefore, this study provides valuable scientific reference for resource managers and practitioners in the field.
Coenzyme Q10 eyedrops conjugated with vitamin E TPGS alleviate neurodegeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction in the diabetic mouse retina
Authors: Lam Christie Hang-I , Zuo Bing , Chan Henry Ho-Lung , Leung Tsz-Wing , Abokyi Samuel , Catral Kirk Patrick Carreon , Tse Dennis Yan-Yin
Published: May 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness and vision impairment worldwide and represents one of the most common complications among diabetic patients. Current treatment modalities for DR, including laser photocoagulation, intravitreal injection of corticosteroid, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents, target primarily vascular lesions. However, these approaches are invasive and have several limitations, such as potential loss of visual function, retinal scars and cataract formation, and increased risk of ocular hypertension, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and intraocular inflammation. Recent studies have suggested mitochondrial dysfunction as a pivotal factor leading to both the vascular and neural damage in DR. Given that Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a proven mitochondrial stabilizer with antioxidative properties, this study investigated the effect of CoQ10 eyedrops [in conjunction with vitamin E d-α-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate (TPGS)] on DR-induced neurodegeneration using a type 2 diabetes mouse model (C57BLKsJ-db/db mice). Utilizing a comprehensive electroretinography protocol, supported by immunohistochemistry, our results revealed that topical application of CoQ10 eyedrops conjugated with vitamin E TPGS produced a neuroprotective effect against diabetic-induced neurodegeneration by preserving the function and histology of various retinal neural cell types. Compared to the control group, mice treated with CoQ10 exhibited thicker outer and inner nuclear layers, higher densities of photoreceptor, cone cell, and rod-bipolar cell dendritic boutons, and reduced glial reactivity and microglial cell density. Additionally, the CoQ10 treatment significantly alleviated retinal levels of MMP-9 and enhanced mitochondrial function. These findings provide further insight into the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of DR and suggest CoQ10 eyedrops, conjugated with vitamin E TPGS, as a potential complementary therapy for DR-related neuropathy.
Effects of immune cells on ischemic stroke and the mediating roles of metabolites
Authors: Hu Haoxiang , Zhou Mi , Zhao Yunhan , Mao Jiesheng , Yang Xiaokai
Published: May 2024

Objective

Previous studies have not shown an association between IgD-CD24-B-cell absolute count (IgD-CD24-AC) and ischemic stroke (IS). Our study aimed to assess the causal effect of IgD-CD24-AC on IS and to explore the role of ascorbic acid 2-sulfate (AA2S) as a potential mediator.

Methods

Our study was based on the largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS). Inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR–Egger, weighted median (WMN), simple mode, and weighted mode methods were used to assess causal effects, with IVW as the primary outcome. Subsequently, we further performed a two-step MR analysis to evaluate whether AA2S mediated this causal effect. In addition, several sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate heterogeneity, including Cochran’s Q test, the MR–Egger intercept test, the MR-PRESSO global test, and the leave-one-out analysis.

Results

Using the IVW approach, the risk ratio of IgD-CD24-AC to IS was estimated to be 1.216 (95% CI = 1.079–1.371, p = 0.001). This result was supported by the WMN method (OR = 1.204, 95% CI = 1.020–1.421, p = 0.028) and the MR–Egger method (OR = 1.177, 95% CI = 0.962–1.442, p = 0.133). We also observed the same trend with the simple model and weighted model. Furthermore, the proportion of genetically predicted IgD-CD24-AC mediated through AA2S levels was 3.73%.

Conclusion

Our study revealed a causal relationship between IgD-CD24-AC and IS, a small part of which was mediated by AA2S. These findings offer critical insights for developing immune-targeted therapies in the future and lay a strong foundation for advancements in precision medicine.
A systematic review on safety and surgical and anesthetic risks of elective abdominal laparoscopic surgery in infants to guide laparoscopic ovarian tissue harvest for fertility preservation for infants facing gonadotoxic treatment
Authors: van der Perk M. E. Madeleine , van der Kooi Anne-Lotte L. F. , Broer Simone L. , Mensink Maarten O. , Bos Annelies M. E. , van de Wetering Marianne D. , van der Steeg Alida F. W. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M.
Published: May 2024

Background

Infertility is an important late effect of childhood cancer treatment. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) is established as a safe procedure to preserve gonadal tissue in (pre)pubertal girls with cancer at high risk for infertility. However, it is unclear whether elective laparoscopic OTC can also be performed safely in infants <1 year with cancer. This systematic review aims to evaluate the reported risks in infants undergoing elective laparoscopy regarding mortality, and/or critical events (including resuscitation, circulatory, respiratory, neurotoxic, other) during and shortly after surgery.

Methods

This systematic review followed the Preferred reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. A systematic literature search in the databases Pubmed and EMbase was performed and updated on February 15th, 2023. Search terms included ‘infants’, ‘intubation’, ‘laparoscopy’, ‘mortality’, ‘critical events’, ‘comorbidities’ and their synonyms. Papers published in English since 2000 and describing at least 50 patients under the age of 1 year undergoing laparoscopic surgery were included. Articles were excluded when the majority of patients had congenital abnormalities. Quality of the studies was assessed using the QUIPS risk of bias tool.

Results

The Pubmed and Embase databases yielded a total of 12,401 unique articles, which after screening on title and abstract resulted in 471 articles to be selected for full text screening. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review, which included 1778 infants <1 years undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery. Mortality occurred once (death not surgery-related), resuscitation in none and critical events in 53/1778 of the procedures.

Conclusion

The results from this review illustrate that morbidity and mortality in infants without extensive comorbidities during and just after elective laparoscopic procedures seem limited, indicating that the advantages of performing elective laparoscopic OTC for infants with cancer at high risk of gonadal damage may outweigh the anesthetic and surgical risks of laparoscopic surgery in this age group.
Prognostic significance of EGFR, AREG and EREG amplification and gene expression in muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Uysal Daniel , Thaqi Blerta , Fierek Alexander , Jurgowski David , Popovic Zoran V. , Siegel Fabian , Michel Maurice Stephan , Nuhn Philipp , Worst Thomas Stefan , Erben Philipp , Nitschke Katja
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) remains a prevalent cancer with limited therapeutic options, obviating the need for innovative therapies. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a linchpin in tumor progression and presents a potential therapeutic target in MIBC. Additionally, the EGFR ligands AREG and EREG have shown associations with response to anti-EGFR therapy and improved progression-free survival in colorectal carcinoma.

Materials and methods

We investigated the prognostic significance of EGFR, AREG, and EREG in MIBC. Gene expression and copy number analyses were performed via qRT-PCR on tissue samples from 100 patients with MIBC who underwent radical cystectomy at the University Hospital Mannheim (MA; median age 72, interquartile range [IQR] 64–78 years, 25% female). Results were validated in 361 patients from the 2017 TCGA MIBC cohort (median age 69, IQR 60–77 years, 27% female), in the Chungbuk and MDACC cohort. Gene expressions were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters using the Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis- test and Spearman correlation. For overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) gene expression was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox-proportional hazard models.

Results

Significant gene expression differences in EGFR, AREG, and EREG could be detected in all cohorts. In the TCGA cohort, EGFR expression was significantly elevated in patients with EGFR amplification and KRAS wildtype. High AREG expression independently predicted longer OS (HR = 0.35, CI 0.19 - 0.63, p = 0.0004) and CSS (HR = 0.42, CI 0.18 – 0.95, p = 0.0378) in the MA cohort. In the TCGA cohort, high EGFR, AREG, and EREG expression correlated with shorter OS (AREG: HR = 1.57, CI 1.12 – 2.20, p = 0.0090) and DFS (EGFR: HR = 1.91, CI 1.31 – 2.8, p = 0.0008). EGFR amplification was also associated with reduced DFS.

Discussion

High EGFR and EREG indicate worse survival in patients with MIBC. The prognostic role of AREG should further be investigated in large, prospective series. Divergent survival outcomes between the four cohorts should be interpreted cautiously, considering differences in analysis methods and demographics. Further in vitro investigations are necessary to elucidate the functional mechanisms underlying the associations observed in this study.
Giant mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary in a young woman: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Zhu SiHong , Yao MeiZhen , Xiong LingNa , Tan BuZhen
Published: May 2024

In April 2023, we successfully treated a 21-year-old patient afflicted with a rare giant cystadenocarcinoma, an extraordinarily large mucinous ovarian tumor that weighed nearly 25 kg. The preoperative dimensions of the tumor measured 40 × 30 × 34 cm, with the tumor’s weight nearing 25 kg. Despite its uncommon nature, we elected to perform a right adnexectomy, greater omentectomy, and peritoneal biopsy during the surgical intervention due to the patient’s youth and the family’s expressed desire to preserve fertility. In the subsequent August follow-up, CT scans revealed the complete resolution of the tumor, accompanied by the normalization of tumor markers, indicating a favorable outcome.
Three-year follow-up study reveals improved survival rate in NSCLC patients underwent guideline-concordant diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Mu Huijuan , Yang Xing , Li Yanxia , Zhou Bingzheng , Liu Li , Zhang Minmin , Wang Qihao , Chen Qian , Yan Lingjun , Sun Wei , Pan Guowei
Published: May 2024

Background

No studies in China have assessed the guideline-concordance level of the first-course of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis and treatment and its relationship with survival. This study comprehensively assesses the current status of guideline-concordant diagnosis (GCD) and guideline-concordant treatment (GCT) of NSCLC in China and explores its impact on survival.

Methods

First course diagnosis and treatment data for NSCLC patients in Liaoning, China in 2017 and 2018 (n=1828) were used and classified by whether they underwent GCD and GCT according to Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) guidelines. Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to determine unadjusted associations between categorical variables of interest. Logistic models were constructed to identify variables associated with GCD and GCT. Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to estimate and compare 3-year survival rates. Multivariate Cox proportional risk models were constructed to assess the risk of cancer mortality associated with guideline-concordant diagnosis and treatment.

Results

Of the 1828 patients we studied, 48.1% underwent GCD, and 70.1% underwent GCT. The proportions of patients who underwent both GCD and GCT, GCD alone, GCT alone and neither GCD nor GCT were 36.7%, 11.4%, 33.5% and 18.4%, respectively. Patients in advanced stage and non-oncology hospitals were significantly less likely to undergo GCD and GCT. Compared with those who underwent neither GCD nor GCT, patients who underwent both GCD and GCT, GCD alone and GCT alone had 35.2%, 26.7% and 35.7% higher 3-year survival rates; the adjusted lung cancer mortality risk significantly decreased by 29% (adjusted hazard ratio[aHR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53–0.95), 29% (aHR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.50–1.00) and 32% (aHR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51–0.90).

Conclusion

The 3-year risk of death is expected to be reduced by 29% if patients with NSCLC undergo both GCD and GCT. There is a need to establish an oncology diagnosis and treatment data management platform in China to monitor, evaluate, and promote the use of clinical practice guidelines in healthcare settings.
Unexpected decrease in necrotizing enterocolitis morbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic-A single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Wang Yu , Cui Mingling , Li Lili , Gao Chuchu , Feng Zongtai , Cai Yan , Yang Zuming , Shen Lirong
Published: May 2024

Background

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is not well characterised. This cross-sectional study evaluated the potential effects of pandemic-related measures on NEC morbidity in premature infants in a neonatal ward during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary neonatal ward in eastern and central China over 6 consecutive years (2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022). The medical records of 189 premature infants with stage II or III NEC were reviewed for clinical manifestations and aetiologies. The data were analysed and compared between the prepandemic period (2017, 2018, and 2019) and the pandemic period (2020, 2021 and 2022).

Results

A total of 9,903 infants with gestational age (GA) < 37 weeks were enrolled, including 5,382 in the prepandemic period and 4,521 in the pandemic period. A reduction in stage II or III NEC morbidity was observed in infants with GA < 37 weeks, with an average annual morbidity of 2.29% (123/5,382) (95% CI, 1.89%–2.68%) in the prepandemic period and 1.46% (66/4,521) (95% CI, 1.11%–1.81%) in the pandemic period. NEC morbidity showed resurgent characteristics in 2021. When prepandemic coinfections were excluded, most cases of NEC with bloodstream infections in the prepandemic period were attributable to Gram-negative bacteria (27/32, 84.38%), mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae, while in the pandemic period they were attributable to Gram-positive bacteria (10/18, 55.56%), mainly Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that Klebsiella pneumoniae was 100% sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin and 100% resistant to ampicillin. Staphylococcus capitis was 100% sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and cefoxitin and 100% resistant to penicillin and benzathine.

Conclusions

COVID-19 pandemic-related interventions can reduce the morbidity of NEC and change the pathogen spectrum in patients with bloodstream infections. We need to understand the exact factors leading to these changes.
Effect of sacubitril–valsartan on left ventricular remodeling in patients with acute myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Yiheng , Sun Yue , Dai Weiran
Published: May 2024

Background

Sacubitril–valsartan has been widely reported for reducing the risk of cardiovascular death and improving left ventricular remodeling in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the effect of sacubitril–valsartan in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate whether sacubitril–valsartan could reverse left ventricular remodeling and reduce cardiovascular adverse events in AMI patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).

Materials and methods

Two researchers independently retrieved the relevant literature from PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Wanfang database. The retrieval time was limited from inception to 1 June 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting the inclusion criteria were included and analyzed.

Results

In total, 21 RCTs involving 2442 AMI patients who underwent PPCI for revascularization were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that compared with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), sacubitril–valsartan treatment in AMI patients after PPCI significantly reduced left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) (weighted mean difference (WMD) −3.11, 95%CI: −4.05∼−2.16, p < 0.001), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (WMD −7.76, 95%CI: −12.24∼−3.27, p = 0.001), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) (WMD −6.80, 95%CI: −9.45∼−4.15, p < 0.001) and left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) (WMD −2.53, 95%CI: −5.30–0.24, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis according to the dose of sacubitril–valsartan yielded a similar result. Meanwhile, PPCI patients using sacubitril–valsartan therapy showed lower risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (OR = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.28–0.46, p < 0.001), myocardial reinfarction (OR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.30–0.98, p = 0.041) and HF (OR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.26–0.47, p < 0.001) without increasing the risk of renal insufficiency, hyperkalemia, or symptomatic hypotension. At the same time, the change of LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (WMD 3.91, 95%CI: 3.41–4.41, p < 0.001), 6 min walk test (6MWT) (WMD 43.56, 95%CI: 29.37–57.76, p < 0.001) and NT-proBNP level (WMD −130.27, 95%CI: −159.14∼−101.40, p < 0.001) were statistically significant.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicates that compared with ACEI/ARB, sacubitril–valsartan may be superior to reverse left ventricular remodeling, improve cardiac function, and effectively reduce the risk of MACE, myocardial reinfarction, and HF in AMI patients after PPCI during follow-up without increasing the risk of adverse reactions including renal insufficiency, hyperkalemia, and symptomatic hypotension.
From petals to healing: consolidated network pharmacology and molecular docking investigations of the mechanisms underpinning Rhododendron arboreum flower’s anti-NAFLD effects
Authors: Jangwan Nitish Singh , Khan Mausin , Das Richa , Altwaijry Najla , Sultan Ahlam Mansour , Khan Ruqaiyah , Saleem Shakir , Singh Mamta F.
Published: May 2024

Rhododendron arboreum: Sm., also known as Burans is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, adaptogenic, and anti-oxidative agent. It has been used since ancient times in Indian traditional medicine for various liver disorders. However, the exact mechanism behind its activity against NAFLD is not known. The aim of the present study is to investigate the molecular mechanism of Rhododendron arboreum flower (RAF) in the treatment of NAFLD using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. Bioactives were also predicted for their drug-likeness score, probable side effects and ADMET profile. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) data was obtained using the STRING platform. For the visualisation of GO analysis, a bioinformatics server was employed. Through molecular docking, the binding affinity between potential targets and active compounds were assessed. A total of five active compounds of RAF and 30 target proteins were selected. The targets with higher degrees were identified through the PPI network. GO analysis indicated that the NAFLD treatment with RAF primarily entails a response to the fatty acid biosynthetic process, lipid metabolic process, regulation of cell death, regulation of stress response, and cellular response to a chemical stimulus. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation exhibited that rutin has best binding affinity among active compounds and selected targets as indicated by the binding energy, RMSD, and RMSF data. The findings comprehensively elucidated toxicity data, potential targets of bioactives and molecular mechanisms of RAF against NAFLD, providing a promising novel strategy for future research on NAFLD treatment.
The effects of plasma density structure on the propagation of magnetosonic waves: 1-D particle-in-cell simulations
Authors: Shao Tong , Gao Xinliang , Ke Yangguang , Lu Quanming , Wang Xueyi
Published: May 2024

Magnetosonic (MS) waves, i.e., ion Bernstein mode waves, are one of the common plasma waves in the Earth’s magnetosphere, which are important for regulating charged particle dynamics. How MS waves propagate in the magnetosphere is critical to understanding the global distribution of the waves, but it remains unclear. Although previous studies present that MS waves can be reflected by fine-scale density structures, the dissipation of waves by background plasma has long been neglected. In this study, we perform one-dimensional (1-D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to study the propagation of MS waves through density structures, where both absorption and reflection have been included. We find that absorption is as important as reflection when considering the propagation of MS waves through density structures, and both of them are strongly dependent on the shape of density structures. Specifically, the reflectivity of MS waves is positively and negatively correlated with the height and width of density structures, respectively, while the absorptivity of MS waves has a positive correlation with both the height and width of density structures. Our study demonstrates the significance of absorption during the propagation of MS waves, which may help better understand the distribution of MS waves in the Earth’s magnetosphere.
Indirect search of heavy neutral leptons using the DUNE near detector
Authors: Carbajal S. , Gago A. M.
Published: May 2024

We evaluate the potential of the DUNE near detector (DUNEND) for establishing bounds for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs). This is achieved by studying how the presence of HNLs affects the production rates of active neutrinos, therefore creating a deficit in the neutrino charged current (CC) events at the LArTPC of the DUNEND. The estimated bounds on HNLs are calculated for masses between 1 eV and 500 MeV. We consider 10 years of operation (five in neutrino and antineutrino modes) and obtain limits of |Uμ4|2 < 9 × 10−3 (4 × 10−2) and |Ue4|2 < 7 × 10−3 (3 × 10−2) for masses below 10 MeV and a 5% (20%) overall normalization uncertainty in the neutrino charged current event rate prediction. These limits, within the region of masses below 2 (10) MeV, are better than those that can be achieved by DUNE direct searches for the case of a 5% (20%) uncertainty. When a conservative 20% uncertainty is present, our limits can only improve current constraints on |Ue4|2 by up to a factor of 3 in a small region of approximately 5 eV and set limits on |Uμ4|2 in a mass region free of constraints (40 eV–1 MeV).
Insights into the role of PGF2α in canine periparturient myometrium
Authors: Jungmann Carolin , Dyhrberg Haubuff Signe , Packeiser Eva-Maria , Körber Hanna , Reichler Iris Margaret , Balogh Orsolya , Mazzuoli-Weber Gemma , Goericke-Pesch Sandra
Published: May 2024

Parturition in dogs is subjected to complex hormonal regulation, with the involvement of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) still not fully understood. To investigate uterine inertia (UI), the most prevalent maternal reason for dystocia in the bitch, a better understanding of undisturbed uterine, especially myometrial function, is crucial. Our aim was to gain deeper insights into the role of PGF2α in the canine parturient myometrium. Uterine biopsies were obtained during medically indicated cesarean sections. To test for stimulatory effects of PGF2α in vitro, circular and longitudinal myometrial layer tissue strips were challenged with 50 pM, 0.5 µM, and 50 µM PGF2α. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and PGF2α-receptor (PTGFR) mRNA expressions were compared between primary UI (PUI) and obstructive dystocia (OD) samples in isolated parturient myometrium. PTGFR protein expression was assessed in full thickness uterine samples. PGF2α concentrations were analyzed in canine interplacental tissue around term. In the organ bath, the contractile response to PGF2α was limited to the circular layer at the highest dosage. Correspondingly, PTGFR immunohistochemical staining was significantly stronger in the circular layer (p ≤ 0.01). PTGS2 gene expression did not differ between PUI and OD, whereas PTGFR gene expression could not be quantified. Local uterine PGF2α concentrations correlated negatively with serum P4 levels and were the highest during prepartum luteolysis while being significantly lower in PUI. Conclusively, despite the significant increase in local PGF2α concentrations at birth, confirming the interplacental tissue as a production site, our results suggest that PGF2α might affect uterine contractility during labor, mainly indirectly.
Establishing an optimized ATAC-seq protocol for the maize
Authors: Hsieh Jo-Wei Allison , Lin Pei-Yu , Wang Chi-Ting , Lee Yi-Jing , Chang Pearl , Lu Rita Jui-Hsien , Chen Pao-Yang , Wang Chung-Ju Rachel
Published: May 2024

The advent of next-generation sequencing in crop improvement offers unprecedented insights into the chromatin landscape closely linked to gene activity governing key traits in plant development and adaptation. Particularly in maize, its dynamic chromatin structure is found to collaborate with massive transcriptional variations across tissues and developmental stages, implying intricate regulatory mechanisms, which highlights the importance of integrating chromatin information into breeding strategies for precise gene controls. The depiction of maize chromatin architecture using Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) provides great opportunities to investigate cis-regulatory elements, which is crucial for crop improvement. In this context, we developed an easy-to-implement ATAC-seq protocol for maize with fewer nuclei and simple equipment. We demonstrate a streamlined ATAC-seq protocol with four key steps for maize in which nuclei purification can be achieved without cell sorting and using only a standard bench-top centrifuge. Our protocol, coupled with the bioinformatic analysis, including validation by read length periodicity, key metrics, and correlation with transcript abundance, provides a precise and efficient assessment of the maize chromatin landscape. Beyond its application to maize, our testing design holds the potential to be applied to other crops or other tissues, especially for those with limited size and amount, establishing a robust foundation for chromatin structure studies in diverse crop species.
Transcriptomics reveal useful resources for examining fruit development and variation in fruit size in Coccinia grandis
Authors: Panda Mitrabinda , Pradhan Seema , Mukherjee Pulok K.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The Cucurbitaceae family comprises many agronomically important members, that bear nutritious fruits and vegetables of great economic importance. Coccinia grandis, commonly known as Ivy gourd, belongs to this family and is widely consumed as a vegetable. Members of this family are known to display an impressive range of variation in fruit morphology. Although there have been studies on flower development in Ivy gourd, fruit development remains unexplored in this crop.

Methods

In this study, comparative transcriptomics of two Ivy gourd cultivars namely “Arka Neelachal Kunkhi” (larger fruit size) and “Arka Neelachal Sabuja” (smaller fruit size) differing in their average fruit size was performed. A de novo transcriptome assembly for Ivy gourd was developed by collecting fruits at different stages of development (5, 10, 15, and 20 days after anthesis i.e. DAA) from these two varieties. The transcriptome was analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes, transcription factors, and molecular markers.

Results

The transcriptome of Ivy gourd consisted of 155205 unigenes having an average contig size of 1472bp. Unigenes were annotated on publicly available databases to categorize them into different biological functions. Out of these, 7635 unigenes were classified into 38 transcription factor (TF) families, of which Trihelix TFs were most abundant. A total of 11,165 unigenes were found to be differentially expressed in both the varieties and the in silico expression results were validated through real-time PCR. Also, 98768 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the transcriptome of Ivy gourd.

Discussion

This study has identified a number of genes, including transcription factors, that could play a crucial role in the determination of fruit shape and size in Ivy gourd. The presence of polymorphic SSRs indicated a possibility for marker-assisted selection for crop breeding in Ivy gourd. The information obtained can help select candidate genes that may be implicated in regulating fruit development and size in other fruit crops.
Coming back together: a qualitative survey study of coping and support strategies used by people to cope with extended difficulties after the use of psychedelic drugs
Authors: Robinson Oliver C. , Evans Jules , Luke David , McAlpine Rosalind , Sahely Aneta , Fisher Amy , Sundeman Stian , Ketzitzidou Argyri Eirini , Murphy-Beiner Ashleigh , Michelle Katrina , Prideaux Ed
Published: May 2024

Introduction

A growing body of literature is investigating the difficulties that some individuals encounter after psychedelic experiences. Existing research has explored the nature and predictors of these difficulties; however, a research gap exists in understanding how individuals endeavour to cope with such difficulties.

Methods

The current study collected data from an international cohort of 608 participants who reported experiencing difficulties that persisted for at least one day after a psychedelic experience. They provided written data on how they used coping strategies to alleviate these difficulties. The qualitative analysis of the written data on coping was conducted using Structured Tabular Thematic Analysis.

Results

A wide range of individual and social coping strategies were employed that were found helpful. The most common individual strategies were meditation and prayer, followed by self-educational activities such as reading and journaling. The most prevalent forms of social coping involved seeking support from friends or family members, followed by obtaining assistance from a therapist or coach. Features of social coping that were reported to be helpful included feeling heard/accepted, a non-judgemental attitude and sharing similar experiences.

Discussion

Our findings hold potential for informing the design of therapeutic interventions and educational resources aimed at enhancing positive outcomes for those experiencing extended difficulties after psychedelic use.
The relationship between organizational climate and job satisfaction of kindergarten teachers: a chain mediation model of occupational stress and emotional labor
Authors: Xia Wei , Fan Yuchen , Bai Jingyu , Zhang Qingyi , Wen Yue
Published: May 2024

Organizational climate has been shown to be an important factor associated with teachers’ job satisfaction. However, the internal mechanism between them is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the relationship between kindergarten organizational climate and kindergarten teachers’ job satisfaction was affected by occupational stress and emotional labor. This study employed a questionnaire survey method to gather data from 1,091 kindergarten teachers nationwide. It conducted an analysis of the current status of kindergarten organizational climate and the job satisfaction of kindergarten teachers, elucidating the relationship between the two and the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, a chain mediation model was constructed. The findings indicated that: (1) organizational climate, kindergarten teachers’ occupational stress and emotional labor all significantly predict kindergarten teachers’ job satisfaction directly (2) organizational climate could indirectly influence kindergarten teachers’ job satisfaction through three pathways: the separate mediating effect of occupational stress and emotional labor, and the chain mediating effect on both. The research findings highlight the significance of kindergarten organizational climate, occupational stress, and emotional labor in augmenting the job satisfaction of kindergarten teachers, offering valuable insights for the improvement of kindergarten teacher job satisfaction.