bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discriminación condicional de dos opciones utilizando programas definidos temporalmente
Authors: Serrano Mario , Sosa Rodrigo , Flores Aguirre Carlos Javier , Torres Ceja Carlos De Jesús
Published: October 2018

En el contexto de algunas discrepancias experimentales sobre las contingencias de disponibilidad limitada de reforzamiento y el desarrollo del control del estímulo simple y condicional, se expuso a ratas a un procedimiento de discriminación condicional de dos opciones utilizando programas definidos temporalmente. Los subciclos tD y tΔ tuvieron 30 s de duración y las señales agregadas al subciclo tD fueron auditivas o visuales. Dentro de cada subciclo tD la primera respuesta en una de dos palancas disponibles produjo el reforzamiento, si y solo si la combinación señal-palanca igualó el arreglo predefinido experimentalmente. Excepto por una rata expuesta a señales auditivas, el porcentaje de respuestas correctas incrementó progresivamente a través de las sesiones. Adicionalmente, al final del experimento la frecuencia de respuestas durante el subciclo tD fue más elevada que durante el subciclo tΔ para todas las ratas. En línea con algunos de los estudios previos, los resultados confirman que las contingencias de disponibilidad limitada de reforzamiento no impiden el control del estímulo.Palabras clave: discriminación condicional, disponibilidad limitada de reforzamiento, modalidad del estímulo, programas definidos temporalmente, apretarla palanca, ratas.
Rumiación, crecimiento y sintomatología postraumática en personas que han vivido experiencias altamente estresantes
Authors: García Felipe E. , Vega Rojas Nicole , Briones Araya Francisco , Bulnes Gallegos Yasmín
Published: October 2018

El presente estudio analizó la influencia de distintos tipos de rumiación (negativa, reflexiva, intrusiva y deliberada) y de la severidad subjetiva del evento sobre el crecimiento postraumático (CPT) y la sintomatología postraumática (STP) en personas que experimentaron un evento altamente estresante. Participaron 629 personas, mayores de 18 años (51% hombres), habitantes de la provincia de Concepción, Chile. A través de un Análisis de Sendero se evaluó un modelo hipotético que mostraba que la rumiación reflexiva y deliberada influían sobre el CPT, que la rumiación negativa e intrusiva influían sobre la SPT, que la rumiación deliberada mediaba entre las otras formas de rumiación y la severidad subjetiva con el CPT y que la rumiación intrusiva mediaba la relación entre la severidad subjetiva y la rumiación negativa con la SPT. Los índices de ajuste del modelo fueron satisfactorios. Un análisis multigrupo mostró que no había diferencias en el modelo entre hombres y mujeres. Se discute la relevancia de estos hallazgos para la predicción de consecuencias tras un evento altamente estresante, así como su relación con la prevención e intervención psicológica en personas expuestas.
The Preparation of Crystalline O-D-Mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-D-Mannopyranose (MGM) from Konjac Glucomannan Using Xylogone sphaerospora β-mannanase System and Candida guilliermondii Fermentation
Authors: Park Gwi Gun
Published: October 2018

O-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-D-Mannopyranose (MGM) was prepared via the enzymatic hydrolysis of konjac glucomannan and the subsequent elimination of monosaccharides from the resultant hydrolysate using yeast. The enzyme system hydrolyzed konjac glucomannan and produced monosaccharides and MGM without other oligomers at the 48 h reaction. Konjac 20 g was hydrolyzed at 60°C and a pH 6.0 for 48 h with 200 mL crude enzyme solution from Xylogone sphaerospora. By eliminating monosaccharides from the hydrolysis products with yeast (Candida guilliermondii), 3.8 g of crystalline MGM was obtained, without the use of chromatographic techniques. After 48 h of yeast cultivation, the total sugar content fell from 5.2% to 3.7%, while the average degree of polymerization (D.P.) rose from 2.6 to 3.3.
Effect of Salinity of Fermented Squid Sauce on Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Test
Authors: Kim Honggyun , Lee SangYoon , Lee Junggyu , Lee YunJung , Cho Youngjae , Choi Mi-Jung
Published: October 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the acceptability of squid sauce as a seasoning. The squid sauce samples supplemented with only vitamin C were fermented under anaerobic condition. Experimental analyses measured amino acid composition, physicochemical properties, and sensory attributes and its relationships using principal component analysis. During fermentation (32 d), the total amino acid content of squid sauce samples increased, even though the contents of each amino acid in the samples were varied. Increased trends of salinity and sugar contents in squid sauce samples were revealed, while their water contents and pHs decreased (p<0.01). The addition of NaCl seemed to affect the color of squid sauce samples and commercial low-salt soy sauce within all different salinity groups (p<0.01). Also, flavor, sweetness, sourness, and overall acceptance were significantly changed among some salinity groups (p<0.05). The higher the salinity of the samples was, the more similarity there was between samples and commercial low-salt soy sauce. These results indicated that fermented squid sauce could be applied as a seasoning in various purposes through salinity control.
Quality Characteristics of Horse Oil Extracted by Hot Water with Adding Green Tea Leaves
Authors: Hong Dong-Wan , Chun Ji-Yeon
Published: October 2018

This study was carried out to investigate horse oil qualities which were extracted by hot water by adding various amounts of green tea leaves. To observe the lipid oxidation of various horse oils, factors such as acid value, peroxide value, TBA value, iodine value, and fatty acid composition were evaluated for 49 days. The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety regulations permits edible beef tallow or edible lard to have <0.3 mg KOH/g of acid value and most horse oil complied with the specification of animal fat and oils except for the 0.5% green tea leaves-treated horse oil. The peroxide value and TBA value of all the horse oil were significantly increased during storage but the rate of lipid oxidation was lower in the sample where higher concentration green tea leaves were added. Iodine value was also lower when the amount of green tea leaves was higher in the horse oil extraction processing. In fatty acid composition observation, palmitoleic acid which is a predominantly unsaturated fatty acid in human sebum lipid was increased by adding green tea leaves during extraction processing, but it was decreased for storage. This study would present the basic information of lipid oxidation properties of horse oil and suggest appropriate extraction conditions to inhibit lipid peroxidation by using green tea leaves.
Percutaneous cholecystostomy… why, when, what next? A systematic review of past decade
Authors: Elsharif M , Forouzanfar A , Oaikhinan K , Khetan Niraj
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Percutaneous cholecystostomy tube drainage has played a vital role in management of cholecystitis in patients where surgery is not appropriate. However, management differs from unit to unit and even between different consultants in the same unit. We conducted this systematic review to understand which of these resulted in the best patient outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review using the PubMed database for publication between January 2006 to December 2016. Keyword variants of ‘cholecystostomy’ and ‘cholecystitis’ were combined to identify potential relevant papers for inclusion.

Findings

We identified 46 studies comprising a total of 312,085 patients from 20 different countries. These papers were reviewed, critically appraised and summarised in table format. Percutaneous cholecystostomy tube drainage is an important treatment modality with an excellent safety profile. It has been used successfully both as a definitive procedure and as a bridge to surgery. There continues to be great variation, however, when it comes to the indications, timing and management of these drains. As far as we are aware, this is the only systematic review to cover the past 10 years. It provides a much-needed update, considering all the technological development and new treatment options in laparoscopic surgery and interventional radiology.
Logistic regression model to predict acute uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis
Authors: Eddama MMR , Fragkos KC , Renshaw S , Aldridge M , Bough G , Bonthala L , Wang A , Cohen R
Published: October 2018

Introduction

While patients with acute uncomplicated appendicitis may be treated conservatively, those who suffer from complicated appendicitis require surgery. We describe a logistic regression equation to calculate the likelihood of acute uncomplicated appendicitis and complicated appendicitis in patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected acute appendicitis.

Materials and methods

A cohort of 895 patients who underwent appendicectomy were analysed retrospectively. Depending on the final histology, patients were divided into three groups; normal appendix, acute uncomplicated appendicitis and complicated appendicitis. Normal appendix was considered the reference category, while acute uncomplicated appendicitis and complicated appendicitis were the nominal categories. Multivariate and univariate regression models were undertaken to detect independent variables with significant odds ratio that can predict acute uncomplicated appendicitis and complicated appendicitis. Subsequently, a logistic regression equation was generated to produce the likelihood acute uncomplicated appendicitis and complicated appendicitis.

Results

Pathological diagnosis of normal appendix, acute uncomplicated appendicitis and complicated appendicitis was identified in 188 (21%), 525 (59%) and 182 patients (20%), respectively. The odds ratio from a univariate analysis to predict complicated appendicitis for age, female gender, log2 white cell count, log2 C-reactive protein and log2 bilirubin were 1.02 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.01, 1.04), 2.37 (95% CI 1.51, 3.70), 9.74 (95% CI 5.41, 17.5), 1.57 (95% CI 1.40, 1.74), 2.08 (95% CI 1.56, 2.76), respectively. For the same variable, similar odds ratios were demonstrated in a multivariate analysis to predict complicated appendicitis and univariate and multivariate analysis to predict acute uncomplicated appendicitis.

Conclusions

The likelihood of acute uncomplicated appendicitis and complicated appendicitis can be calculated by using the reported predictive equations integrated into a web application at www.appendistat.com. This will enable clinicians to determine the probability of appendicitis and the need for urgent surgery in case of complicated appendicitis.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear cavity presenting with Horner’s syndrome
Authors: Hayes SM , Biggs TC , Bird JH , Hellier WP
Published: October 2018

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumour of striated muscle accounting for 3% of all primary soft tissue tumours of the middle ear cavity. We describe a unique case of a rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear cavity in a four-year-old boy, presenting as an otherwise asymptomatic ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome. This case involved tumour erosion through the tensor tympani semicanal, accessing the carotid canal and the sympathetic plexus running through it. This child was treated successfully with chemotherapy and proton beam therapy, and remains disease free at six years of follow-up. This case highlights the importance of investigating patients with non-resolving ear infections, polyps or granulation tissue.
Áreas prioritarias de conservación en la cuenca Usumacinta, la aplicación de un enfoque multicriterio
Authors: Cruz-Paz Grecia , Castillo-Uzcanga María Mercedes , Espinoza-Tenorio Alejandro , Bravo Peña Luis Carlos , Valencia-Barrera Emmanuel , Mesa-Jurado María Azahara
Published: October 2018

Las áreas prioritarias para la conservación (APC) se han establecido para proteger valiosas regiones biodiversas del creciente impacto humano. La cuenca transfronteriza del río Usumacinta es un importante reservorio cultural, hidrológico y biológico de Mesoamérica, donde, sin embargo, prevalecen importantes amenazas antropogénicas que han limitado los esfuerzos de protección de recursos naturales. El presente trabajo desarrolla una evaluación multicriterio (EMC) de aspectos biológicos, hidrológicos y antropogénicos de la cuenca Usumacinta para identificar APC, es decir, aquellas áreas con la mayor aptitud de conservación de acuerdo a su grado de irremplazabilidad y vulnerabilidad. El modelo determina que el 23.7% del territorio son APC, sin embargo, menos de la mitad se encuentran protegidas por alguna de las actuales 124 Áreas Protegidas (AP). Priorizar áreas de conservación dentro del esquema actual de protección de la cuenca facilitaría un manejo sistémico basado en las variaciones biofísicas y sociales regionales, complementando así los esfuerzos locales para proteger las 30 especies vulnerables, presente en la cuenca, de los impactos de las actividades humanas. Los resultados del presente trabajo abren nuevas oportunidades de colaboración en materia de conservación transnacional, pudiendo incrementar 4.86% (Guatemala) y 0.3% (México) la superficie nacional protegida.
ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN NASABAH DALAM MEMILIH JENIS BANK: PENERAPAN MODEL REGRESI LOGISTIK BINER (STUDI KASUS PADA BANK BRI CABANG BALIKPAPAN)
Authors: Ghozi Saiful , Ramli Ramli , Setyani Asri
Published: October 2018

This paper analyze factors that influence customer preference between conventional and sharia bank, and which factor is the most dominant. The study was conducted in Balikpapan city from May 2017 until August 2017. The sample is 25 customers of BRI Sharia and 31 customers of conventional BRI. Statistical analysis model used in this paper is Binary Logistics Regression. There are 8 predictor variables to be analyzed to know their effect to customer decision in choosing bank between sharia bank and conventional bank. The variables are: knowledge of respondents about sharia bank (X1), knowledge of respondents about the difference between conventional and sharia banks (X2), knowledge of respondents about products offered by sharia bank (X3), promotion of sharia bank via printed media (X4), promotion of sharia bank via electronic media (X5), promotion of sharia bank in social activities (X6), the customer's efforts to observe religious orders (X7), and the customer's efforts to avoid the religious prohibitions (X8). The results of individual significance test indicate that knowledge of respondents about sharia bank, and promotion of sharia bank through electronic media has significant effect to the customer’s decision in choosing bank. And the most significant effect is promotion through electronic media (X5). Keywords : binary logistic regression, decision, sharia bank
Papillary Cystic Neoplasm of the Pancreas: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Žganjer Mirko , Pajić Anto , Čizmić Ante , Cigit Irenej , Župančić Božidar
Published: October 2018

Papillary cystic neoplasm is a rare tumor and is usually found in young female patients. Procedure: Here we describe a rare case of PCN in 16year old girl, which was presented with abdominal pain in last 3 years. Preoperative diagnosis was suggested by ECHO and CT of the abdomen. The sonographic examination of the abdomen showed a tumor measuring 6.5 x 5.5cm in diameter in epigastrium. It was excised totally. Histological description confirmed the diagnosis of PCN. The patient is currently in good health without signs of relapse 3 years after surgery. Discussion: Our patient is one of the very few adolescent patients with PCN who was treated successfully with surgery. ECHO and CT of the abdomen suggested the diagnosis which was confirmed by histopatological examination. Conclusion: The diagnosis of PCN is suspected by ECHO and CT of the abdomen and confirmed by specific histologic features. Prognosis is good and tumor should be excised whenever detected.
Cztery kolędy Ewy Lipskiej
Authors: Marciniak Paweł
Published: October 2018

The article contains the reflection on four texts of Ewa Lipska, written in association with Zbigniew Preisner. The discussed works belong to a genre of a literary carol and as a result they have been included in the republication of the album W poszukiwaniu dróg  [Searching for the paths ] Therefore, a new area of poetics activity of Lipska appears. The authoress of Sefer  makes use of stylization, deforming a specified pattern and thereby revaluating the tradition of a carol. The scrutinised texts were designed as being ready for the musical performance, emphasising Lipska’s interest in the song genre. The creation of a Cracovian poetess has been tilting towards popular culture since some longer time now.
Wiersze dla niegrzecznych dzieci. Danuta Wawiłow i angielskie nursery rhymes (przekłady, inspiracje)
Authors: Wieczorkiewicz Aleksandra
Published: October 2018

Among numerous books of poetry for children written by Danuta Wawiłow – famous XXth  century Polish poet and writer – one book is special: Poems for Naughty Children  [Wiersze dla niegrzecznych dzieci] published in 1987. The book is unique not only because of the poetical qualities it represents – rhythmicity, melodiousness, catchiness, melancholy and lyricism equally with pure nonsense, absurdity, grotesque, (black) humour and numerous equivoques and puns, which are characteristic for Wawiłow’s poetical works; above all else Poems for Naughty Children  is a collection of translations of the traditional English nursery rhymes, made by Danuta Wawiłow, who claimed more than once that she was a translator long before she had become a writer. The article aims to explore Wawiłow’s translation work which (up to now) remains almost unknown and un-described in Polish theoretical discourse. Moreover, the author presents the outcome of her research conducted to find “missing originals” of translated nursery rhymes, offers the classification of them and undertakes critical reflection over translation strategy adopted by Danuta Wawiłow.
Piękno i dramat istnienia w poetyckich obrazach przyrody Marii Czerkawskiej
Authors: Hurnik Elżbieta
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to Maria Czerkawska’s poetry written during interwar period. Nature is the main subject of her poems. It is shown in a detailed and precise way. The good example is her book entitled Zielony cień  (1928) and subsequent volumes. Zielony cień  contains portraits of plants. Literary critics noticed several important features of these poems: versatility of observation, accuracy and concreteness of description. The same characteristics can also be observed in works of Skamander group of poets. Article focuses on the following topics: suffering observed in nature and continuous process of dying. Czerkawska’s poems tell us about transience, absurdity, horror and drama of existence. It is caused by close relation between the lyric subject and the nature. Czerkawska is trying to discover nature’s secrets. These tendencies are also present in poems of Bolesław Leśmian, Leopold Staff and Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska.
Zofia Wojnarowska. Poetka dla dzieci – poetka miłości – poetka rewolucji
Authors: Zawiszewska Agata
Published: October 2018

The article discusses Zofia Wojnarowska’s (1881-1967) biography and poetry which were representative of the life path and artistic career of many other active Polish poetesses at the turn of the 19th  century. The output of Wojnarowska, who made her debut in the period of Young Poland and reached her artistic maturity in the interwar period, expresses a typical situation of an artist–epigone whose mediocre talent looks for its own expression and place in the literary Parnassus in the time of, important for the national community, political, economic and cultural changes. Political facts like the country’s occupation, World War I and a difficult process of the restoration of an independent country influenced the judgments of Polish critics who rarely applied esthetic criteria to the evaluation of poetesses’, including Wojnarowska’s, output and instead appreciated their subordination to the following functions: didactic (in children’s poetry), expressive (in love poetry) and ideological (in the poetry of proletarian revolution). The situation in which systemic and individual factors like the emancipation of women, the crystallization of literary professions literary critics’ lenient approach to the artistic output of women and the ease of writing overlapped, the need of success and ideological engagement, on the one hand, made it difficult for women writers to improve their own work, to function in higher mainstream and to play the roles of culture creators and, on the other hand, made it easier for them to function in the popular mainstream and play a role of literary craftsmen.
Adsorption of CO2 onto Activated Carbons Prepared by Chemical Activation with Metallic Salts
Authors: Acevedo Sergio , Giraldo Liliana , Moreno-Piraján Juan C.
Published: October 2018

This article has been retracted due to honest error by the author. For further information, please see https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2017-9198.

Activated carbons are obtained by chemical activation of African Palm shells (Elaeis guineensis) with different impregnating agents, i. e. magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) aqueous solutions at different concentrations (3, 5 and 7 % w/v) and temperatures (between 773 and 1073 K), in order to assess their influence on the development of the porosity. The activated carbons prepared are characterized in terms of both textural and chemical properties. The activated carbons have a surface area and a pore volume ranging between 19–501 m2.g−1 and 0.03–0.29 cm3.g−1, respectively. Based on the obtained results, the samples with higher surface area and pore volume (i. e. those impregnated with MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions and thermally treated at 1073 K) are selected to evaluate the adsorption capacity and affinity for CO2.

CO2 adsorption capacity varies between 1.78 and 2.95 mmolCO2.g−1 at 273 K and low pressure, and the activated carbon impregnated with the solution of MgCl2 3 % and activated at 1073 K (i. e. ACMg3-1073) showed the best performances. Finally, the kinetic results show that adsorption rate for sample ACMg3-1073 is enhanced by its micro-mesoporous nature, being the access routes to the micropores larger.
Show Me, Tell Me, Encourage Me: The Effect of Different Forms of Feedback on Resistance Training Performance
Authors: Weakley Jonathon , Wilson Kyle , Till Kevin , Banyard Harry , Dyson James , Phibbs Padraic , Read Dale , Jones Ben
Published: October 2018

Weakley, J, Wilson, K, Till, K, Banyard, H, Dyson, J, Phibbs, P, Read, D, and Jones, B. Show me, tell me, encourage me: The effect of different forms of feedback on resistance training performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3157–3163, 2020—When performing resistance training, verbal kinematic feedback and visual kinematic feedback are known to enhance performance. In addition, providing verbal encouragement can assist in the attenuation of fatigue. However, the effects of these forms of feedback have never been compared. Consequently, this study aimed to quantify the effects of verbal kinematic feedback and visual kinematic feedback, and verbal encouragement on barbell velocity during the back squat. Furthermore, changes in performance were related to individual-reported conscientiousness. Twelve semiprofessional rugby union players volunteered to participate in the study that consisted of the subjects completing a set of the barbell back squat across 4 conditions (i.e., no-feedback [control], verbal feedback of kinematic information [verbal], visual feedback of kinematic information [visual], and verbal encouragement [encouragement]). In addition, participants completed a questionnaire before the study to assess conscientiousness. Magnitude-based inferences were used to assess differences between conditions, whereas Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to assess relationships between conscientiousness and changes in barbell velocity. All 3 forms of feedback showed almost certain improvements in barbell velocity, while differences between interventions were likely to very likely trivial. Changes in barbell velocity showed small to large inverse relationships with conscientiousness. These findings suggest that practitioners should supply kinematic feedback (verbally or visually) or, when technology is not available, provide athletes with encouraging statements while resistance training. Verbal encouragement may be of greatest benefit for individuals who demonstrate low levels of conscientiousness. Given these findings, practitioners are advised to use either technology or verbal encouragement to manipulate acute training outcomes.
Element Nail Pullout Tests for Prediction of Soil Nail Pullout Resistance in Expansive Clays
Authors: Chen Changfu , Zhang Genbao , Zornberg Jorge Gabriel , Zheng Xinxiu
Published: October 2018

The performance of soil nail systems relies primarily on soil-nail interaction, which is especially complex for nails embedded in clay materials. Soil-nail interaction is difficult to predict in these soils because of the effect of moisture-induced stress and swelling along the interface between soil and nail. As part of this investigation, tests were conducted to characterize the soil-nail interface shearing mechanisms using a novel element nail pullout device that involves comparatively short nails embedded in soils under varying degrees of saturation. Additionally, a large-scale pullout test, involving inundation and loading phases, was conducted using soil nails embedded in expansive clays. The soil-nail interface shearing mechanisms identified with the element nail pullout device and the vertical rise measurements of the clay from the inundation test were used within a load transfer theoretical framework aimed at predicting the response of soil nails in expansive clays. This load transfer framework provided a very good prediction of the large-scale pullout test results using the data collected from the element nail pullout tests.
Inhibition of TMEM16A impedes embryo implantation and decidualization in mice
Authors: Qi Qianrong , Yang Yifan , Wu Kailin , Xie Qingzhen
Published: October 2018

Recent studies revealed that TMEM16A is involved in several reproductive processes, including ovarian estrogen secretion and ovulation, sperm motility and acrosome reaction, fertilization, and myometrium contraction. However, little is known about the expression and function of TMEM16A in embryo implantation and decidualization. In this study, we focused on the expression and regulation of TMEM16A in mouse uterus during early pregnancy. We found that TMEM16A is up-regulated in uterine endometrium in response to embryo implantation and decidualization. Progesterone treatment could induce TMEM16A expression in endometrial stromal cells through progesterone receptor/c-Myc pathway, which is blocked by progesterone receptor antagonist or the inhibitor of c-Myc signaling pathway. Inhibition of TMEM16A by small molecule inhibitor (T16Ainh-A01) resulted in impaired embryo implantation and decidualization in mice. Treatment with either specific siRNA of Tmem16a or T16Ainh-A01 inhibited the decidualization and proliferation of mouse endometrial stromal cells. In conclusion, our results revealed that TMEM16A is involved in embryo implantation and decidualization in mice, compromised function of TMEM16A may lead to impaired embryo implantation and decidualization.
Otra mirada a la responsabilidad del Estado frente al lavado de activos y la captación masiva y habitual de dineros del público
Authors: Ulloa Ulloa Luis Fernando
Published: October 2018

Se expone una reflexión crítica frente a la responsabilidad del Estado colombiano en la vigilancia, control y acción que debe desempeñar, desde el campo administrativo, en lo referente a las prácticas del lavado de activos y de la captación masiva y habitual de dineros, desde la perspectiva de la omisión y de la confianza legítima.
Las reformas tributarias del milenio y su relación con los ingresos tributarios y la pobreza
Authors: García Garzón Mauricio , García Ocampo Tania Lorena
Published: October 2018

Los ciudadanos de un país deben aportar a las cargas tributarias para el sostenimiento de su aparato estatal, incluidos aquellos gastos dirigidos al bienestar de la comunidad. En Colombia han sido aprobadas por el Congreso de la República nueve reformas tributarias en lo que va corrido del milenio, sin embargo, en esta investigación no se tuvo en cuenta la de 2016, que por ser la más reciente no permite cuantificar sus resultados. Los cambios introducidos en las reformas han logrado incrementar los ingresos tributarios del Sector Central, sustentados principalmente por el recaudo del impuesto de renta e IVA y apoyados también por los ingresos del CREE y patrimonio, que han venido ganando participación en los últimos años; no obstante, este crecimiento no es compatible con la dinámica presentada por los índices de pobreza monetaria nacional y pobreza extrema nacional, que a pesar de presentar disminuciones importantes durante el período, sus variaciones porcentuales difieren del comportamiento de los recursos tributarios por lo que se generan interrogantes en torno a la finalidad social del Estado
Fortalecer la territorialidad en las comunidades
Authors: Hernández López María Gabriela
Published: October 2018

Este artículo reflexiona sobre los territorios como construcciones sociales producto de las relaciones de poder entre grupos en constante tensión, las cuales configuran los espacios y las temporalidades dando lugar a nuevas simbologías y geografías. Se parte de que la Universidad Nacional ha construido, desde su propia territorialidad (campus), una lógica de regionalización, como proceso histórico, social y político, para administrar los recursos y ejercer su autonomía. Este imaginario histórico-social ha servido de marco a las acciones de extensión, mismo que ha respondido a una lógica del modelo “nacional” de “desarrollo”, el cual, al día de hoy, se ha visto influenciado por otros procesos recurrentes, como la globalización neoliberal, que ha incrementado la desigualdades territoriales ya existentes. Esto motiva a la autora a proponer algunas políticas que promuevan la equidad territorial en una relación recíproca entre universidad y comunidades, que responda a procesos planificados y continuos desde la extensión universitaria.
Polysaccharides and polyphenols in sea buckthorn leaf tea have synergistic impact on studied colonic strains in vitro and bacteria in vivo
Authors: Du W.M. , Wang F.H. , Zhang H.Y. , Jiang B.Z. , Chen X.Y. , Zhang W. , Xie Y. , Sheng Z.T.
Published: October 2018

Present research on prebiotics focuses on either polysaccharides or polyphenols. This study compared the individual and combined impact of polysaccharide, quercetin, and gallic acid (GA) treatment on three human faecal strains. In vitro pure culturing and correlation analysis confirmed that the growth of both beneficial microbe B. longum subsp. longum (0.695, 0.205: R2, slope, respectively) and pathogenic C. perfringens (0.712, 0.085: R2, slope, respectively) increased due to polysaccharide treatment, and only GA treatment would inhibit C. perfringens (0.789, –0.165: R2, slope, respectively) growth. In vivo studies also revealed that genome copies of Bifidobacterium increased and C. perfringens decreased in the faeces, when a blend of the three nutrients rather than single polysaccharide or polyphenols were fed to rats. These data suggested that combined prebiotic treatment improved human faecal strain composition better than single treatment.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Nigella sativa crude and essential oil
Authors: Mouwakeh A. , Radácsi P. , Pluhár ZS. , Németh Zámboriné É. , Muránszky G. , Mohácsi-Farkas CS. , Kiskó G.
Published: October 2018

Nigella sativa L. (black cumin) is well known for its benefits in the field of traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and investigate the antimicrobial activity of cold pressed oil (CO) and essential oil (EO) of Nigella sativa L. on food-borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. The microdilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Nigella sativa crude oil (CO) and essential oil (EO) against 4 Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes) and 3 Gram-negative (Salmonella Hartford, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli) foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria occurring in food products. Total fatty acid composition of CO was analysed by GLC, while the EO was analysed by GC-MS to detect its active compounds. The results showed that the major fatty acid of CO was palmitic acid (C16:0), as saturated fatty acid, however, linoleic acid (C18:2) was the main unsaturated fatty acid. The major compounds of the EO were p-cymene and thymoquinone. The inhibition on all tested bacteria of EO was 10 times higher than of CO, and the lowest concentration value was observed in case of Bacillus subtilis (0.003%). Hence, results reinforce the ambition to apply Nigella sativa oils in food as natural preservative.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in côte d'ivoire from 1995 to 2016: Results of national surveys
Authors: N’Guessan Kouassi , Ouassa Timothée , Dean Anna S. , Alagna Riccardo , Adagra Guy Damien , Ibode Valeri , Cirillo Daniela M. , Kouakou Jacquemin
Published: October 2018

Setting: Tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance survey was conducted in 2016–2017 to estimate the burden of drug-resistant TB in Côte d'Ivoire.

Design: A cross-sectional cluster-based survey was conducted. All eligible smear positive patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to collect clinical and sociodemographic information and tested by the Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (MTB/RIF) assay. If resistant to rifampicin, solid and liquid cultures were performed. Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) was conducted in liquid medium for rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, ofloxacin, and amikacin.

Results: Of the 1105 sputum smear positive patients enrolled, 995 new and 100 previously treated patients were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by Xpert. Proportion of patients with rifampicin resistance was 4.6% (95% CI: 2.4–6.7) and 22% (95% CI: 13.7–30.3), respectively, for new and previously treated patients. Second-line DST results were available for most rifampicin-resistant patients. None were resistant to amikacin, only two were ofloxacin-resistant. Apart from the antecedent of previously treatment for TB, no other risk factors for rifampicin resistance were detected.

Conclusion: Prevalence of rifampicin resistance among TB patients in Côte d'Ivoire is higher than that in other countries in the region. Surveillance of drug resistance, through an expanded GeneXpert network, and programmatic management of drug-resistant TB (PMDT) must be strengthened in Côte d'Ivoire.
Internet gaming disorder in adolescence: Psychological characteristics of a clinical sample
Authors: Torres-Rodríguez Alexandra , Griffiths Mark D. , Carbonell Xavier , Oberst Ursula
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become a topic of increasing research interest since its inclusion in Section 3 of the DSM-5. Given the lack of clinical studies concerning IGD, exploring the characteristics of clinical samples with IGD will help to delineate the gaming disorder construct and inform future treatment studies.

Methods

Data collection consisted of clinical interviews comprising 31 male adolescents diagnosed with IGD. Alongside the clinical interviews, the participants were administered a battery of psychometric tests assessing the following: IGD, personality traits, comorbid symptomatology, emotional intelligence (EI), and family environment characteristics.

Results

The results showed that the adolescents with IGD and their relatives reported a high number of hours per week and high presence of stressful life events in the majority of the sample. High scores on scales assessing depression, anxiety, and somatic disorders were found. However, the findings indicate the presence of several other comorbid disorders meaning that some of the adolescent sample with IGD had different clinical profiles. Several personality traits were found to be highly associated with IGD including introversion, inhibition, submissiveness, self-devaluation, interpersonal sensibility, obsessive–compulsive tendencies, phobic anxiety, and hostility, as well as paranoid and borderline personality traits. Other negative characteristics found in the present sample included a high level of social problems, low EI, and dysfunctional family relationships.

Discussion and conclusions

The findings suggest a more global pattern of key psychological characteristics associated with Internet gaming disorder in adolescence. This may help in understanding the complexity of this proposed disorder and it may also help in designing more specialized interventions for adolescents with IGD. The findings have important implications for clinical practice and interventions.
Does “forced abstinence” from gaming lead to pornography use? Insight from the April 2018 crash of Fortnite’s servers
Authors: Castro-Calvo Jesús , Ballester-Arnal Rafael , Potenza Marc N. , King Daniel L. , Billieux Joël
Published: October 2018

In April 2018, the servers of the popular video game “Fortnite” crashed for 24 hr. During this period, Pornhub (a popular pornographic website) analyzed trends in pornography access, finding that: (a) the percentage of gamers accessing Pornhub increased by 10% and (b) the searches of pornographic videos using the key term “Fortnite” increased by 60%. In this letter, we discuss these observations in the context of ongoing debate regarding the validity of “withdrawal” when applied to problematic involvement in video gaming and the potential use of pornography as a “compensation behavior” during the periods of “forced abstinence” from gaming.
Towards a comprehensive inventory of efficiency in business presentations
Authors: Kovács Gábor
Published: October 2018

While workplace communication is a well-established field in communication studies, empirical research based on samples of communication processes taking place in actual organisations is still scarce. Although a distinct line of research on meetings has recently emerged and established itself as “meeting science”, another ubiquitous communication setting, regarding business presentations have received far less attention. In this paper, we argue that a general-purpose theory and a corresponding measuring instrument for the evaluation of the impression made by a presentation on the audience would greatly enhance our understanding of the factors that determine the efficiency of presentations. We present the theoretical framework and the indicators in such an inventory, which we have developed based on the educational literature on public speaking. The construction of this instrument also generated a set of hypotheses about how a speaker’s personality traits may be related to various aspects of the impression made by the speaker.
Az ellenoldali csípőtáji törésig eltelt időt befolyásoló prognosztikai tényezők vizsgálata
Authors: Juhász Krisztina , Boncz Imre , Kanizsai Péter , Sebestyén Andor
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: Although several national studies reported on the risk factors for contralateral hip fracture, there are no data about the prognostic factors of the time until contralateral hip fractures. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of different prognostic factors on the time until the development of contralateral fracture and to determine the incidence of contralateral hip fractures after femoral neck fractures. Method: Patients aged 60 years and over with contralateral hip fracture between 01 Jan 2000 and 31 Dec 2008 were identified among those who suffered their femoral neck fracture in Hungary in 2000. Risk factors as age, sex, comorbidities, type of fracture and surgery, place of living and hospitals providing treatment for primary fracture were analysed by one way ANOVA focusing on the time until the development of contralateral hip fracture. Results: 312 patients met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of contralateral hip fracture after femoral neck fracture ranged between 1.5% and 2.1%, the cumulative incidence was 8.24%. The mean time until the development of contralateral hip fracture was 1159.8 days. The incidence of contralateral hip fracture showed no significant deviation. Significantly shorter time (p = 0.010) was detected until the contralateral hip fracture in older patients with femoral neck fracture. Conclusions: The yearly incidence of contralateral hip fracture showed no significant difference by patients with femoral neck fracture over 60 years. The shorter time until the contralateral hip fracture by the older age groups highlights the need of elaboration of prevention strategies. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(38): 1543–1547.
Stabil coronariabetegség kezelésére alkalmazott trimetazidin prolong hatásosságának vizsgálata. Multicentrikus, prospektív, obszervációs, nyílt klinikai vizsgálat, ONECAPS-vizsgálat
Authors: Tomcsányi János , Szakács László
Published: October 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: The effectiveness of the manegement of stable coronary artery disease among outpatients is not well known. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of daily once trimetazidine prolong 80 mg on the angina number and severity (Canadian Cardiovascular Society class). Method: This multicenter, prospective, observational, 3-month clinical study included 2160 patients, but only 1701 patients completed the study. The patients’ mean age was 68 years (17% under 60 years). The start of angina was 7.8 ± 6.7 years. Hypertension (93.4%) and hypercholesterolemia (81%) were very common. Results: The patients were well treated with beta-blocking agents (88%), calcium antagonists (49%), angiotensin-converting enzym inhibitors (90%) and statin (77%) but only 5% received ivabradine and 50.5% was treated with trimetazidine MR. The patients attended 3 visits (inclusion, 1 month, 3 month). During the 3-month period, the weekly angina number of all patients treated with trimetazidine prolong 80 mg decreased from 2.55 to 0.41 (p<0.0001). A favorable effect was observed in CCS grading: CCS I. from 40.37% to 66.81%, CCS II. from 49.89% to 30.59%, CCS III. from 9.17% to 2% and CCS IV. from 0.56% to 0%. The mean office measured blood pressure decreased from 137/83 mmHg to 130/80 mmHg and the heart rate from 74 bpm to 71 bpm. Conclusions: In the real-life, in the stable coronary artery disease the angina remains despite the medical treatment. Once a day administered trimetazidine prolong 80 mg significantly reduced the weekly number of angina and the severity, too. These beneficial effects mediated not only by antiischemic effect but also by increased medication adherence. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(38): 1549–1555.
An impact on medical student knowledge outcomes after replacing peer lectures with small group discussions
Authors: Imwattana Korakit , Kiratisin Pattarachai , Techasintana Patsharaporn , Ngamskulrungroj Popchai
Published: October 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Active learning has been proven as an effective teaching method that increases students' academic performance, satisfaction, and promotes life-long learning. A previous study showed that a peer lecture was time-consuming for both faculty members and students without any increase in knowledge outcome achievement of students when comparing to faculty lectures. Therefore, we replaced all peer teachings, taught in 2015, with faculty lectures and small group discussions in an organ-system part which focused mainly on applications of medical microbiology in 2016. The organ-system part was further divided into 3 sections according to type of organ systems. The knowledge outcome achievement was compared using MCQ scores. Peer lectures were mainly used as a teaching method only in 2015 (91.5%, 43 hours from a total of 47 hours) while none of them was used in 2016. On the other hand, SDG were mainly used as a teaching method only in 2016 (73.9%, 51 hours from a total of 69 hours). Students of 2016 had significantly higher average MCQ scores than those of 2015 only in the section 3 (80.8% as compared with 60.5%; p value < 0.001). There was no significant difference in section 1, section 2, and overall MCQ scores. Apart from routine teaching preparation, there was no out-of-class preparation time for faculty lectures and SGD while peer teaching required at least 0.5-2 hours of extra out-of-class preparation time from at least 1 faculty member and 10-12 students per 1 hour of teaching. In conclusion, SGD provided equal or more knowledge outcome achievement of the student with less time-consuming than peer lecture. Therefore, at least in our teaching environment, SGD was proved to be a better option than a peer lecture for teaching applications of medical microbiology.
Response of pile groups in sand due to lateral cyclic loading
Authors: Niemann Christoph , O'Loughlin Conleth , Tian Yinghui , Cassidy Mark , Reul Oliver
Published: October 2018

This paper considers data from centrifuge model tests on pile groups in silica sand involving lateral one-way cyclic loading. The influence of cyclic load amplitude, pile spacing within the pile group and number of cycles on the observed response are highlighted. Investigating the contribution of each pile on the lateral capacity shows leading row piles exhibit highest bending moments and attract larger loads due to ‘shadowing’ effects. Cyclic loading results in a subtle change of the load distribution within the pile group, with the load gradually shifting from the leading to the trailing piles as the number of cycles increases. The effect of cyclic loading on the initial stiffness of the p–y curves is more significant; initial stiffness reduces with increasing number of loading cycles at a rate that is higher in the leading row than in the trailing row. The changes in load distribution are quantified using simple analytical equations that may be used in design.
Kapadokya Volkanik Provensi’ndeki volkan rölyefinin antropojenik degradasyonu üzerine bir analiz
Authors: KOPAR İbrahim , ÇELİK Mehmet Ali , BAYRAM Hüseyin
Published: October 2018

Bu çalışmada Kapadokya Volkanik Provensi’ndeki, Pliyo-Kuvaterner yaşlı volkanik rölyefin antropojenik (insan kaynaklı) degradasyonu (bozulması) analiz edilmiştir. Volkanik rölyefin tahribata uğrayan unsurları arasında lav akıntılı piroklastik koniler, lav domları, piroklastik (kül, pomza ve cüruf) koniler ve maarlar (patlama kraterleri) gelmektedir. Kanaatimizce volkanik yerşekillerinin tahrip edilmesi, bilinçsiz şekilde sürdürülen antropojenik bir süreç ve çözülmeyi bekleyen önemli bir güncel problemdir. Provenste her biri belirli bir jeolojik zamanın tanığı durumundaki volkanik yer şekillerinin insan kaynaklı tahribatı belirli kesimlerde yoğunluk kazanmıştır. Bu kesimler arasında; Karapınar (Konya)-Karacadağ (1375 m), Karacadağ-Hasan Dağı, Hasan Dağı’nın (3268 m) kuzeyi ve Acıgöl (Nevşehir)-Göllüdağ-Melendiz dağları (2963 m) arasındaki genç volkanik rölyef bulunmaktadır. İlk belirlemelere göre inceleme alanında 14’ü lav domu, 2’si maar, 22’si lav akıntılı veya kül ve cüruf egemen piroklastik koni ve 4’ü de lav akıntısı olmak üzere tam 42 noktada kayda değer tahribat tespit edilmiştir. Adeta kum-çakıl ocaklarına dönüştürülmüş bu topografyalarda daha şimdiden bazı konilerin morfolojisi bozulmuş ya da bozulma aşamasına gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda çevredeki diğer volkan konileri de tehdit altındadır.nYakın jeolojik zamanın volkanik gelişimine ışık tutan, doğal süreçlerin izlenmesinde bilimsel öneme ve belge niteliğine sahip, pek çok gelişmiş ülkede doğal sit ve jeolojik/jeomorfolojik miras olarak tanınan volkanik yerşekillerine sahip çıkılması gerekmektedir.