bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced resistive switching characteristics in Pt/BaTiO3/ITO structures through insertion of HfO2:Al2O3 (HAO) dielectric thin layer
Authors: Silva J. P. B. , Faita F. L. , Kamakshi K. , Sekhar K. C. , Moreira J. Agostinho , Almeida A. , Pereira M. , Pasa A. A. , Gomes M. J. M.
Published: April 2017

An enhanced resistive switching (RS) effect is observed in Pt/BaTiO3(BTO)/ITO ferroelectric structures when a thin HfO2:Al2O3 (HAO) dielectric layer is inserted between Pt and BTO. The P-E hysteresis loops reveal the ferroelectric nature of both Pt/BTO/ITO and Pt/HAO/BTO/ITO structures. The relation between the RS and the polarization reversal is investigated at various temperatures in the Pt/HAO/BTO/ITO structure. It is found that the polarization reversal induces a barrier variation in the Pt/HAO/BTO interface and causes enhanced RS, which is suppressed at Curie temperature (Tc = 140 °C). Furthermore, the Pt/HAO/BTO/ITO structures show promising endurance characteristics, with a RS ratio >103 after 109 switching cycles, that make them potential candidates for resistive switching memory devices. By combining ferroelectric and dielectric layers this work provides an efficient way for developing highly efficient ferroelectric-based RS memory devices.
Interaction of Src and Alpha-V Integrin Regulates Fibroblast Migration and Modulates Lung Fibrosis in A Preclinical Model of Lung Fibrosis
Authors: Lu Yin-Ying , Zhao Xue-Ke , Yu Lei , Qi Fei , Zhai Bing , Gao Chang-Qing , Ding Qiang
Published: April 2017

Src kinase is known to regulate fibroblast migration. However, the contribution of integrin and Src kinase interaction to lung fibrosis has not been mechanistically investigated. Our data demonstrate that integrin alpha v (αV) recruited Src kinase and that leads to subsequent Src activation in fibroblasts plated on fibrotic matrix, osteopontin. Src interaction with integrin αV is required for integrin αV-mediated Src activation, and the subsequent fibroblast migration. The study identified that β5 and β3 are the major integrins for this effect on osteopontin. In contrast, integrins β1, β6, and β8 did not have a critical role in this phenomenon. Importantly, Src inhibitor significantly reduces fibroblast migration stimulated by PDGF-BB and reduced in vivo lung fibrosis in mice. Src inhibitor reduced Src activation and blocked the signaling transduction by integrin αV, inhibited migration signaling pathways and reduced extracellular matrix protein production, and blocked myofibroblast differentiation in vivo in mouse lung tissues. The present study supports that the interaction of Src Kinase and integrins plays a critical role in the development of lung fibrosis and the signaling involved may present a novel opportunity to target deadly fibrotic diseases.
Local Structure of Ion Pair Interaction in Lapatinib Amorphous Dispersions characterized by Synchrotron X-Ray diffraction and Pair Distribution Function Analysis
Authors: de Araujo Gabriel L. B. , Benmore Chris J. , Byrn Stephen R.
Published: April 2017

For many years, the idea of analyzing atom-atom contacts in amorphous drug-polymer systems has been of major interest, because this method has always had the potential to differentiate between amorphous systems with domains and amorphous systems which are molecular mixtures. In this study, local structure of ionic and noninonic interactions were studied by High-Energy X-ray Diffraction and Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis in amorphous solid dispersions of lapatinib in hypromellose phthalate (HPMCP) and hypromellose (HPMC-E3). The strategy of extracting lapatinib intermolecular drug interactions from the total PDF x-ray pattern was successfully applied allowing the detection of distinct nearest neighbor contacts for the HPMC-E3 rich preparations showing that lapatinib molecules do not cluster in the same way as observed in HPMC-P, where ionic interactions are present. Orientational correlations up to nearest neighbor molecules at about 4.3 Å were observed for polymer rich samples; both observations showed strong correlation to the stability of the systems. Finally, the superior physical stability of 1:3 LP:HPMCP was consistent with the absence of significant intermolecular interactions in (∆"Equation missing") in the range of 3.0 to 6.0 Å, which are attributed to C-C, C-N and C-O nearest neighbor contacts present in drug-drug interactions.
Structure of the Ebola virus glycoprotein spike within the virion envelope at 11 Å resolution
Authors: Beniac Daniel R. , Booth Timothy F.
Published: April 2017

We present the structure of the surface Ebola virus (EBOV) trimeric glycoprotein (GP) spike at 11 Å resolution, in situ within the viral plasma membrane of purified virus particles. GP functions in cellular attachment, endosomal entry, and membrane fusion to initiate infection, and is a key therapeutic target. Nevertheless, only about half of the GP molecule has yet been solved to atomic resolution, excluding the mucin-like and transmembrane domains, and some of the glycans. Fitting of the atomic resolution X-ray data from expressed, truncated deletion constructs within our 11 Å structure of the entire molecule demonstrates the relationship between the GP1-GP2 domains, the mucin-like and transmembrane domains, and the bilaminar lipid envelope. We show that the mucin-like domain covers the glycan cap and partially occludes the receptor binding sites prior to proteolytic cleavage. Our structure is also consistent with key antibody neutralisation sites on GP being accessible prior to proteolysis. Based on the findings of us and others, GP-mediated binding may create an angle of 18 degrees between the planes of viral and endosomal membranes.
Size-dependent magnetic tuning of lateral photovoltaic effect in nonmagnetic Si-based Schottky junctions
Authors: Zhou Peiqi , Gan Zhikai , Huang Xu , Mei Chunlian , Xia Yuxing , Wang Hui
Published: April 2017

In this article, we report a magnetic tuning lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) in a nonmagnetic Si-based Schottky junctions. In the magnetic field intensity range of 0 to 1.6 T, the variation amplitude of LPE sensitivity is as high as 94.8%, the change of LPV is and the change rate of lateral photo-voltage even reaches 520 mV/T at 1.5 T, which is apparently higher than the results of previous reported researches in magnetic materials. This effect is attributed to the combined result of the influence of magnetic field on diffusion current and the rectification property of our anisotropic structure. This work may expand the application of LPE in magnetism field such as magnetic sensor and magnetoresistance, and it suggests a new way to investigate the carrier transport in Schottky junctions under magnetic field.
Erratum: Structural Basis of Eco1-Mediated Cohesin Acetylation
Authors: Chao William C. H. , Wade Benjamin O. , Bouchoux Céline , Jones Andrew W. , Purkiss Andrew G. , Federico Stefania , O’Reilly Nicola , Snijders Ambrosius P. , Uhlmann Frank , Singleton Martin R.
Published: April 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 44313; published online: 14 March 2017; updated: 11 April 2017 This Article contains an error in the Additional Information section. “Accession codes: Atomic coordinates and structure Fsu factors of xEco2, xEco2-K105-CoA, and xEco2-K106-CoA have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession codes 5N1U, 5N1W, and 5N22 respectively”.
The connectomes of males and females with autism spectrum disorder have significantly different white matter connectivity densities
Authors: Irimia Andrei , Torgerson Carinna M. , Jacokes Zachary J. , Van Horn John D.
Published: April 2017

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a set of neurodevelopmental conditions whose striking sex-related disparity (with an estimated male-to-female ratio of 4:1) remains unknown. Here we use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) to identify the brain structure correlates of the sex-by-ASD diagnosis interaction in a carefully selected cohort of 110 ASD patients (55 females) and 83 typically-developing (TD) subjects (40 females). The interaction was found to be predicated primarily upon white matter connectivity density innervating, bilaterally, the lateral aspect of the temporal lobe, the temporo-parieto-occipital junction and the medial parietal lobe. By contrast, regional gray matter (GM) thickness and volume are not found to modulate this interaction significantly. When interpreted in the context of previous studies, our findings add considerable weight to three long-standing hypotheses according to which the sex disparity of ASD incidence is (A) due to WM connectivity rather than to GM differences, (B) modulated to a large extent by temporoparietal connectivity, and (C) accompanied by brain function differences driven by these effects. Our results contribute substantially to the task of unraveling the biological mechanisms giving rise to the sex disparity in ASD incidence, whose clinical implications are significant.
Subtypes of physical frailty: Latent class analysis and associations with clinical characteristics and outcomes
Authors: Liu Li-Kuo , Guo Chao-Yu , Lee Wei-Ju , Chen Liang-Yu , Hwang An-Chun , Lin Ming-Hsien , Peng Li-Ning , Chen Liang-Kung , Liang Kung-Yee
Published: April 2017

Frailty is a well-recognized geriatric syndrome with various definitions and conceptual frameworks. This study aimed to use latent class analysis to discover potential subtypes of pre-frail and frail older people. Data from the I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study (ILAS), a community-based cohort study was used for analysis. Latent class analysis was applied to characterize classes or subgroups with different frailty phenotypes among ILAS participants targeting older adults aged 65 and above, capable of completing a 6-meter walk, without severe major or life threatening diseases, and not institutionalized. Latent class analysis identified three distinct subgroups with different frailty phenotypes: non-mobility-type (weight loss and exhaustion), mobility-type frailty (slowness and weakness), and low physical activity. Comparing these groups with the robust group, people with mobility-type frailty had poorer body composition, worse bone health, poorer cognitive function, lower survival (hazard ratio: 6.82, p = 0.019), and poorer overall health outcomes (hazard ratio: 1.67, p = 0.040). People in the non-mobility-type group had poorer bone health and more metabolic serum abnormalities. In conclusion, mobility-type frailty was a better predictor of adverse outcomes. However, further investigation is needed to evaluate how these phenotypic subgroups may help in predicting prognosis or in developing interventions.
Animal models to improve our understanding and treatment of suicidal behavior
Authors: Gould T D , Georgiou P , Brenner L A , Brundin L , Can A , Courtet P , Donaldson Z R , Dwivedi Y , Guillaume S , Gottesman I I , Kanekar S , Lowry C A , Renshaw P F , Rujescu D , Smith E G , Turecki G , Zanos P , Zarate C A , Zunszain P A , Postolache T T
Published: April 2017

Worldwide, suicide is a leading cause of death. Although a sizable proportion of deaths by suicide may be preventable, it is well documented that despite major governmental and international investments in research, education and clinical practice suicide rates have not diminished and are even increasing among several at-risk populations. Although nonhuman animals do not engage in suicidal behavior amenable to translational studies, we argue that animal model systems are necessary to investigate candidate endophenotypes of suicidal behavior and the neurobiology underlying these endophenotypes. Animal models are similarly a critical resource to help delineate treatment targets and pharmacological means to improve our ability to manage the risk of suicide. In particular, certain pathophysiological pathways to suicidal behavior, including stress and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysfunction, neurotransmitter system abnormalities, endocrine and neuroimmune changes, aggression, impulsivity and decision-making deficits, as well as the role of critical interactions between genetic and epigenetic factors, development and environmental risk factors can be modeled in laboratory animals. We broadly describe human biological findings, as well as protective effects of medications such as lithium, clozapine, and ketamine associated with modifying risk of engaging in suicidal behavior that are readily translatable to animal models. Endophenotypes of suicidal behavior, studied in animal models, are further useful for moving observed associations with harmful environmental factors (for example, childhood adversity, mechanical trauma aeroallergens, pathogens, inflammation triggers) from association to causation, and developing preventative strategies. Further study in animals will contribute to a more informed, comprehensive, accelerated and ultimately impactful suicide research portfolio.
Two subgroups of antipsychotic-naive, first-episode schizophrenia patients identified with a Gaussian mixture model on cognition and electrophysiology
Authors: Bak N , Ebdrup B H , Oranje B , Fagerlund B , Jensen M H , Düring S W , Nielsen M Ø , Glenthøj B Y , Hansen L K
Published: April 2017

Deficits in information processing and cognition are among the most robust findings in schizophrenia patients. Previous efforts to translate group-level deficits into clinically relevant and individualized information have, however, been non-successful, which is possibly explained by biologically different disease subgroups. We applied machine learning algorithms on measures of electrophysiology and cognition to identify potential subgroups of schizophrenia. Next, we explored subgroup differences regarding treatment response. Sixty-six antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients and sixty-five healthy controls underwent extensive electrophysiological and neurocognitive test batteries. Patients were assessed on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) before and after 6 weeks of monotherapy with the relatively selective D2 receptor antagonist, amisulpride (280.3±159 mg per day). A reduced principal component space based on 19 electrophysiological variables and 26 cognitive variables was used as input for a Gaussian mixture model to identify subgroups of patients. With support vector machines, we explored the relation between PANSS subscores and the identified subgroups. We identified two statistically distinct subgroups of patients. We found no significant baseline psychopathological differences between these subgroups, but the effect of treatment in the groups was predicted with an accuracy of 74.3% (P=0.003). In conclusion, electrophysiology and cognition data may be used to classify subgroups of schizophrenia patients. The two distinct subgroups, which we identified, were psychopathologically inseparable before treatment, yet their response to dopaminergic blockade was predicted with significant accuracy. This proof of principle encourages further endeavors to apply data-driven, multivariate and multimodal models to facilitate progress from symptom-based psychiatry toward individualized treatment regimens.
Sex differences in frontal lobe connectivity in adults with autism spectrum conditions
Authors: Zeestraten E A , Gudbrandsen M C , Daly E , de Schotten M T , Catani M , Dell'Acqua F , Lai M-C , Ruigrok A N V , Lombardo M V , Chakrabarti B , Baron-Cohen S , Ecker C ,   MRC AIMS Consortium, Bailey Anthony J , Baron-Cohen Simon , Bolton Patrick F , Bullmore Edward T , Carrington Sarah , Catani Marco , Chakrabarti Bhismadev , Craig Michael C , Daly Eileen M , Deoni Sean C L , Ecker Christine , Happé Francesca , Henty Julian , Jezzard Peter , Johnston Patrick , Jones Derek K , Lai Meng-Chuan , Lombardo Michael V , Madden Anya , Mullins Diane , Murphy Clodagh M , Murphy Declan G M , Pasco Greg , Ruigrok Amber N V , Sadek Susan A , Spain Debbie , Stewart Rose , Suckling John , Wheelwright Sally J , Williams Steven C , Wilson C Ellie , Murphy D G M , Craig M C
Published: April 2017

Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are more prevalent in males than females. The biological basis of this difference remains unclear. It has been postulated that one of the primary causes of ASC is a partial disconnection of the frontal lobe from higher-order association areas during development (that is, a frontal ‘disconnection syndrome’). Therefore, in the current study we investigated whether frontal connectivity differs between males and females with ASC. We recruited 98 adults with a confirmed high-functioning ASC diagnosis (61 males: aged 18–41 years; 37 females: aged 18–37 years) and 115 neurotypical controls (61 males: aged 18–45 years; 54 females: aged 18–52 years). Current ASC symptoms were evaluated using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Diffusion tensor imaging was performed and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were created. Mean FA values were determined for five frontal fiber bundles and two non-frontal fiber tracts. Between-group differences in mean tract FA, as well as sex-by-diagnosis interactions were assessed. Additional analyses including ADOS scores informed us on the influence of current ASC symptom severity on frontal connectivity. We found that males with ASC had higher scores of current symptom severity than females, and had significantly lower mean FA values for all but one tract compared to controls. No differences were found between females with or without ASC. Significant sex-by-diagnosis effects were limited to the frontal tracts. Taking current ASC symptom severity scores into account did not alter the findings, although the observed power for these analyses varied. We suggest these findings of frontal connectivity abnormalities in males with ASC, but not in females with ASC, have the potential to inform us on some of the sex differences reported in the behavioral phenotype of ASC.
A simple metal staining procedure for identification and visualization of single cells by LA-ICP-MS
Authors: Herrmann A. J. , Techritz S. , Jakubowski N. , Haase A. , Luch A. , Panne U. , Mueller L.
Published: April 2017

High lateral resolution of metal detection in single cells by use of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) demands powerful staining methods.
Photoanodes based on TiO2and α-Fe2O3for solar water splitting – superior role of 1D nanoarchitectures and of combined heterostructures
Authors: Kment Stepan , Riboni Francesca , Pausova Sarka , Wang Lei , Wang Lingyun , Han Hyungkyu , Hubicka Zdenek , Krysa Josef , Schmuki Patrik , Zboril Radek
Published: April 2017

Solar driven photoelectrochemical water splitting represents a promising approach for a sustainable and environmentally friendly production of renewable energy vectors and fuel sources, such as H2.
Synthetic approaches towards structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures
Authors: Schroot Robert , Jäger Michael , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: April 2017

This review details synthetic strategies leading to structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures,e.g.block, graft and end functionalized (co)polymers.
Hg(ii) and Pd(ii) complexes with a new selenoether bridged biscarbene ligand: efficient mono- and bis-arylation of methyl acrylate with a pincer biscarbene Pd(ii) precatalyst
Authors: Rishu Rishu , Prashanth Billa , Bawari Deependra , Mandal Ushnish , Verma Aditya , Choudhury Angshuman Roy , Singh Sanjay
Published: April 2017

New selenoether (CSeC) bridged carbene complexes of Hg(ii) and Pd(ii) have been prepared; a pincer Pd(ii) complex showed catalytic activity in mono- and double-Heck reactions.
Reactivity of hydride bridges in a high-spin [Fe3(μ-H)3]3+ cluster: reversible H2/CO exchange and Fe–H/B–F bond metathesis
Authors: Anderton Kevin J. , Knight Brian J. , Rheingold Arnold L. , Abboud Khalil A. , García-Serres Ricardo , Murray Leslie J.
Published: April 2017

The triiron trihydride complex Fe3H3L (1) [where L3− is a tris(β-diketiminate)cyclophanate] reacts with CO and with BF3·OEt2 to afford (FeICO)2FeII(μ3-H)L (2) and Fe3F3L (3), respectively.
Templated electrodeposition of vertically aligned copper oxide nanowire arrays on 3D Ni foam substrates for determination of glucosamine in pharmaceutical caplet samples
Authors: Kamyabi Mohammad Ali , Hajari Nasim
Published: April 2017

A copper oxide nanowire network electrode has been fabricated through an electrodeposition procedure using mesoporous silica film as the template on Ni foam.
Designing of blue, green, and red CsPbX3 perovskite-codoped flexible films with water resistant property and elimination of anion-exchange for tunable white light emission
Authors: Hai Jun , Li Hua , Zhao Yang , Chen Fengjuan , Peng Yong , Wang Baodui
Published: April 2017

The blue, green, and red CsPbX3 QDs-codoped flexible films were prepared. The resulting films are resistant to water, preventing anion exchange and significantly prolonging the lifetime of light emitters under ambient air conditions.
Magneto-optically active magnetoplasmonic graphene
Authors: Lee Jaewook , Lee Jaebeom
Published: April 2017

Two-dimensional nanocomposites with magnetic and optical properties were investigated for novel magneto-optical (MO) applications.
A facile self-templating synthesis of carbon frameworks with tailored hierarchical porosity for enhanced energy storage performance
Authors: Yang Jie , Li Gaoran , Cai Meidan , Pan Pengju , Li Zhoupeng , Bao Yongzhong , Chen Zhongwei
Published: April 2017

A well-tailored hierarchical porous carbon framework was developed from poly(vinylidene chloride)-based block copolymers with great superiority to meet the target-oriented structural demands in energy storage systems.
Determination of paramagnetic concentrations inside a diamagnetic matrix using solid-state NMR
Authors: Maron Sébastien , Ollier Nadège , Gacoin Thierry , Dantelle Géraldine
Published: April 2017

A linear law to determine very low doping concentrations for different phosphate compounds.
Photonics and spectroscopy in nanojunctions: a theoretical insight
Authors: Galperin Michael
Published: April 2017

Green function methods for photonics and spectroscopy in nanojunctions.
Mitigation options for chemicals of emerging concern in surface waters; operationalising solutions-focused risk assessment
Authors: van Wezel Annemarie P. , ter Laak Thomas L. , Fischer Astrid , Bäuerlein Patrick S. , Munthe John , Posthuma Leo
Published: April 2017

The water system provides many services to society; industries, municipalities and agriculture all withdraw, use and return water and demand a water quality fit for the intended purposes.
Total substitution of dietary fish oil by vegetable oils stimulates muscle hypertrophic growth in Senegalese sole and the upregulation of fgf6
Authors: Lopes Graciliana , Castro Luís Filipe Costa , Valente Luísa Maria Pinheiro
Published: April 2017

Fish oil substitution in Senegalese sole diets results in muscle cellularity changes associated with the stimulation of muscle hypertrophic growth.
Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed C–H alkenylation/annulation cascade for the rapid synthesis of benzoimidazoisoindoles
Authors: Selvaraju Manikandan , Wang Ying-Lien , Sun Chung-Ming
Published: April 2017

A one pot synthesis of benzimidazole-fused isoindoles from 2-arylbenzimidazole and conjugated alkenes has been explored. The strategy involved the ruthenium-catalyzed formation of C–C and C–N bonds and a new five-membered ring.
Unusual crystal structure and chirality of uridine 5′-monophosphate coordination polymer
Authors: Gu Leilei , Qiu Qi-ming , Zhou Pei , Hao Liang , Liu Minghua , Li Hui
Published: April 2017

The auxiliary ligand effect in the structure and charility of uridine 5′-monophosphate coordination polymer was investigated.
Site-selective biotransformation of ursane triterpenes by Streptomyces griseus ATCC 13273
Authors: Xu Shao-Hua , Zhang Chao , Wang Wei-Wei , Yu Bo-Yang , Zhang Jian
Published: April 2017

The oxidization of unactivated C–H bonds of pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) is of great interest for the structural modification of PTs.
High-performance sodium-ion batteries and flexible sodium-ion capacitors based on Sb2X3(X = O, S)/carbon fiber cloth
Authors: Liu Sainan , Cai Zhenyang , Zhou Jiang , Zhu Mengnan , Pan Anqiang , Liang Shuquan
Published: April 2017

Herein, we report the rational design of a simple hydrothermal reaction for the first time to prepare interlaced Sb2O3nanosheets and Sb2S3micro-nanospheres, grown on carbon fiber cloth, for application as flexible electrodes in sodium-ion batteries and sodium-ion capacitors with excellent electrochemical performance.
Common polymorphisms of thehOGG1, APE1andXRCC1genes correlate with the susceptibility and clinicopathological features of primary angle-closure glaucoma
Authors: Zeng Kun , Zhong Bo , Fang Min , Shen Xiao-Li , Huang Li-Na
Published: April 2017

The present case study aims to elucidate the correlation between the human 8-hydroxyguanineglycosylase (hOGG1), APE1 and X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) gene polymorphisms to the susceptibility and clinicopathological features of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in a Chinese Han population. Blood samples were obtained from 258 PACG patients (case group) and 272 healthy volunteers (control group). PCR with sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) was used to determine the allele frequencies and genotype distributions of the hOGG1, APE1 and XRCC1 genes. The risk factors of PACG were determined using logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that hOGG1 Ser326Cys, APE1 Asp148Glu and XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms were correlated with the risk of PACG. Furthermore, there were thicker corneas, higher intraocular pressure (IOP) and a shorter axial length in patients carrying the mutant genotypes of hOGG1 Ser326Cys (Ser/Cys + Cys/Cys), APE1 Asp148Glu (Asp/Glu + Glu/Glu) and XRCC1 Arg399Gln (Arg/Gln + Glu/Glu) than those carrying the corresponding wild-type genotypes. According to the logistic regression analysis, Asp148Glu and Arg399Gln polymorphisms, a short axial length and high IOP are major risk factors for PACG. These findings reveal that hOGG1 Ser326Cys, APE1 Asp148Glu and XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms are correlated with the risk and clinicopathological features of PACG in a Chinese Han population.
Process enabling highly accurate die position for fan‐out package applications
Authors: Park H.‐P. , Kim Y.‐H.
Published: April 2017

A new process that can improve die shift issue in process utilising back‐sided under bump metallurgy (UBM) via a self‐alignment effect for fan‐out package applications is proposed. The die and the pad of the substrate are spontaneously aligned and the degree of accuracy is very high after reflow. For the experiment, two kinds of UBM pads were prepared on glass dies and the SAC305 solder was formed on the copper pads of an frame retardent (FR)‐based substrate. The die shift value was from 20 to 50 μm after pick‐and‐placement. After reflow, the maximum die shift value was <1 μm. An initially misaligned die with a large shift was aligned with a high degree of accuracy during reflow due to the surface tension of the molten solder. The proposed process improves the die shift issue in the fabrication of fan‐out wafer‐level packaging and the active die embedded substrate.
Differential capacitive pressure sensor design based on standard CMOS
Authors: Unigarro E. , Bohórquez J.C. , Achury A. , Ramirez F. , Sacristán J. , Segura‐Quijano F.
Published: April 2017

A microelectromechanical system capacitive pressure sensor with a differential configuration (patent pending), including a reference and sensitive capacitor, is presented. A single cavity includes both reference and sensitive electrodes. This implementation is achieved by a size reduction of the sensitive electrode. A reduction of the 40% on the sensible electrode area represents a decrease in the sensor sensitivity of only 12.5%, and allows the reference capacitor implementation in the area commonly used only for the sensitive capacitor. A tridimensional model of the sensor was simulated using a finite‐element solver considering coupled mechanical and electrostatic models. The simulations show that this pressure sensor has a sensitivity of 4.2 fF/bar. The proposed pressure sensor designs use only materials available in complementary metal oxide silicon (CMOS) standard processes. A CMOS compatible post‐process, based on the sacrificial material technique and its restrictions is presented.
A Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized Quinazolines from Isocyanides and Aniline Tri- and Dichloroacetonitrile Adducts through Intramolecular C–H Activation
Authors: Tabatabai Sayyed , Nematpour Manijeh , Rezaee Elham , Jahani Mehdi
Published: April 2017

A novel class of substituted quinazolines were prepared in good yields by a one-pot three-component reaction of isocyanides with adducts of anilines and tri- or dichloroacetonitrile, followed by intramolecular C–H activation, catalyzed by copper(I) iodide with l-proline as a ligand in acetonitrile at room temperature.
Direct Chemo-, Regio-, and Diastereoselective Synthesis of β-Keto Ethers from Acrylonitrile by Cascade Aldol/Oxo-Michael Reaction with Cyclododecanone
Authors: Sathiyanarayanan K. , Sathesh V.
Published: April 2017

This paper describes the utility of mild metal hydroxides for the catalytic chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselective transformation of cyclododecanone into β-keto ethers through a cascade aldol/oxo-­Michael reaction. The choice of acrylonitrile as a co-reactant is critical in achieving chain extension in the C–C bond-formation reaction. Metal hydroxides are effective catalysts for delivering a single product in a high yield (≤86%), and with excellent diastereoselectivity (≤95:5) under solvent-free conditions.
Homoconjugated and Spiro Push–Pull Systems: Cycloadditions of Naphtho- and Anthradiquinones with Electron-Rich Alkynes
Authors: Swager Timothy , Dengiz Cagatay
Published: April 2017

We report the synthesis and characterization of three new classes of push–pull chromophores using [2+2]-cycloaddition reactions of electron-rich alkynes and electron-poor alkenes. Previous investigations have focused on the reactions of cyano-substituted electron acceptors. This study demonstrates that cyano-free electron acceptors, naphtho- and anthradiquinones, can also be used to access extended push–pull systems. The effects of the structural changes on the spectroscopic and electronic properties were investigated by UV/vis spectroscopy. Structures were confirmed by X-ray and NMR analysis in solution.
Metal-Free Redox Transformations for C–C and C–N Bond Construction
Authors: Shaaban Saad , Maulide Nuno
Published: April 2017

In this Account, the authors retrace their development of remote functionalisation reactions relying on photoredox catalysis. Inextricably connected to this is their discovery of small molecule organocatalysts that behave as formal reductive activators of diazonium salts, while requiring no promotion by visible light. This ultimately paved the way for the development of an unusual class of reactions in which the catalyst is also the nucleophile.
Synergistic Oxidative Coupling–[3+2] Cyclization of Quinones with Olefins Promoted by Cerium(IV) Sulfate Tetrahydrate
Authors: Huo Xing , Fang Jizhong , Xu Lige , Fang Bowen
Published: April 2017

A cerium(IV) sulfate tetrahydrate promoted oxidative cyclization of quinones with olefins is developed. It proceeds through a tandem [3+2]-cyclization–oxidative coupling–[3+2]-cyclization process, in which tetrahydrobenzodifurans were conveniently constructed in high yields. Moreover, this method exhibits a good functional-group tolerance and scalability.
Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C2-Arylation of Benzo[b]thiophenes with Electron-Rich Aryl Halides: Facile Access to Thienoacene Derivatives
Authors: Ichioka Fumiki , Itai Yuhei , Nishii Yuji , Miura Masahiro
Published: April 2017

Direct coupling reaction of benzo[b]thiophene and electron-rich aryl bromides was achieved under Pd2(dba)3/SPhos catalysis in the presence of NaOt-Bu. The reaction system was applied for the installation of 2-(methylthio)phenyl group onto thiophene-fused polyaromatic molecules, demonstrating facile synthesis of precursors for thienoacene derivatives.
It's Rare So Be Aware: Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Mimicking Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
Authors: Haider Fayza , Al Saad Khulood , Al-Hashimi Fatima , Al-Hashimi Hakima
Published: April 2017

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare aggressive malignant tumor of infancy and early childhood. The tumor arises in the lung and pleura and is regarded as a pulmonary dysontogenetic or embryonic neoplasm. Four types are defined in literature. Type I PPB is a rare, cystic lung neoplasm in infants characterized by subtle malignant changes and a good prognosis. Recurrences after type I PPB are usually advanced with a poor prognosis.

We report this case to increase awareness about this entity so that the pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, radiologist, and pathologist recognize it early.
Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients Older Than 75 Years
Authors: Newman Jared , Khlopas Anton , Chughtai Morad , Gwam Chukwuweike , Mistry Jaydev , Yakubek George , Harwin Steven , Mont Michael
Published: April 2017

Some surgeons have been hesitant to use cementless fixation for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in elderly patients due to concerns regarding successful bone biological fixation. Therefore, this study evaluated: (1) implant survivorship, (2) functional outcomes, (3) radiographic outcomes, and (4) complications in patients over 75 years of age who underwent cementless total knee arthroplasty. A total of 134 patients (142 TKAs) older than 75 years at a single institution between June 2008 and June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Their mean follow-up was 4 years (range: 2–8 years). The cohort consisted of 91 women and 43 men who had a mean age of 80 years (range: 76 to 88 years). The preoperative diagnoses were osteoarthritis (n = 107 patients), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 21 patients), and osteonecrosis (n = 6 patients). Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the means and ranges and a Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine the aseptic and all cause implant survivorship. Radiographic evaluation was performed using the new Knee Society Radiographic Evaluation and Scoring System. Functional outcomes at the final follow-up as well as all medical and surgical complications were recorded for each patient. The aseptic implant survivorship was 99.3% (95% CI: 7.9–8.1), and the all cause implant survivorship was 98.6% (95% CI: 7.9–8.1). There was one aseptic revision and one septic revision. At the latest follow-up the mean Knee Society pain score was 93 points (range, 80–100 points), and the mean Knee Society function score was 84 points (range, 70–90 points). On radiographic evaluation, there were no progressive radiolucencies, subsidence, and loosening of prostheses at the latest follow-up. The use of cementless TKA demonstrated excellent survivorship, mid-term clinical and functional outcomes, as well as no progressive radiolucencies or subsidence in patients older than 75 years. In addition, there was a low rate of surgical and medical complications. Therefore, cementless TKA may be a good option for patients older than 75 years.
Markedly Improved Success Rate of Endoscopically Assisted Third Ventriculostomy Is Achieved by Routine Placement of External Lumbar Drain
Authors: Watkins Justen , Cabanne Marc , Miulli Dan
Published: April 2017

Hydrocephalus is a major cause of patient decreased quality of life and high health care financial burden in the United States and throughout the world. The placement of ventricular shunts (ventriculoperitoneal shunt) has proven to be a safe treatment for hydrocephalus, but it is associated with a high complication rate leading to a lower quality of life and continued financial burden for patients, their families, and society as a whole. The endoscopically assisted third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been practiced as an alternative to ventricular shunting since the 1990s. Success rates vary widely and there are many factors which contribute to the varying success rates. The ETV procedure has the potential to alleviate much of the overall quality of life issues and some of the financial burdens associated with hydrocephalus provided success rates can be increased and the procedure and management techniques are adopted more widely. Common techniques have been published in the past which report associated improvements in success rates amongst individual surgeons. Here, we report a novel perioperative technique and management strategy that displays a higher than reported success rate. Our methods and results show potential to significantly improve overall ETV success rates if reproduced and subsequently adopted widely. We retrospectively studied records of 24 adult patients with hydrocephalus who were treated with an ETV procedure. Routinely, we placed an external lumbar drain postoperatively which was continued for a minimum of 2 days. There was a 95.8% success rate at 30 days. The overall success rate was 83.3%. This is significantly higher than the average of the predicted success scores calculated by the ETV success scoring system (71.8%). It is also significantly higher than previous studies' reported ETV success rates in adults. We propose additional similar studies to be performed to test the reproducibility of increased success rates using our technique, ideally through a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial.
Aneurysmal Degeneration of the Brachial Artery after Vascular Access Creation: Surgical Treatment Results
Authors: Pinto Pedro , Veiga Carlos , Silva Ivone , Almeida Rui , Teixeira Sérgio
Published: April 2017

True peripheral artery aneurysms proximal to a longstanding arteriovenous fistula is a well-recognized complication. Late aneurysmal degeneration is rare. This study analyzed the characteristics, therapeutic options, and outcomes of true donor brachial artery aneurysms (DBAA) after arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis. We retrospectively collected the data of patients with DBAA after AVF creation, surgically repaired between January 2001 and September 2015. We excluded patients with pseudoaneurysms, anastomotic aneurysms, and infected aneurysms. We recorded patient's demographics, type of access, aneurysm characteristics, symptoms, treatment, and follow-up. Ten patients were treated for aneurysmal degeneration of the brachial artery. Average aneurysm diameter was 37.5 mm. All cases had, at least, one previous distal AVF, ligated or thrombosed, at the time of diagnosis. The first access was created in mean 137 months before the diagnosis of DBAA. Nine patients had previous medical history of renal transplant and were under immunosuppressive therapy. All patients were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis. In all cases, the treatment was aneurysmectomy followed by interposition bypass. One patient developed a postoperative hematoma with the need of surgical drainage. At 50 months of follow-up, one patient was submitted to percutaneous angioplasty due to an anastomotic stenosis. No other complications occurred during the entire follow-up period (mean: 69 months). The pathogenesis underlying DBAA remains unclear. Increased blood flow after AVF creation, immunosuppressive therapy, and ligation/thrombosis of the AVF may contribute to aneurysm formation. Surgical treatment by aneurysmectomy and bypass, with autogenous conducts, is a safe and effective option.
Moderne Diagnostik und minimalinvasive Operationsmethoden bei Patienten mit schmerzhaftem Iliosakralgelenksyndrom
Authors: Bornemann Rahel , Pflugmacher Robert , Koch Ernst , Roessler Philip , Rommelspacher Yorck , Wirtz Dieter , Frey Sönke
Published: April 2017

Pathologische Veränderungen an den Iliosakralgelenken (ISG) müssen in bis zu 25% als Ursache einer schweren Schmerzsymptomatik im unteren Rückenbereich angesehen werden. Es wird eine sorgfältige differenzialdiagnostische Abklärung benötigt, um eine Fehlinterpretation der von den Patienten geäußerten Beschwerden zu vermeiden bzw. eine Arthropathie im Iliosakralgelenk zu identifizieren. Neben einer umfassenden Aufnahme der Anamnese bilden positive Resultate unterschiedlicher Provokationstests wichtige Anhaltspunkte für die richtige Diagnosestellung. Als vorrangiger Beleg für die definitive Diagnose und damit auch für eine Operationsempfehlung wird jedoch die Schmerzlinderung nach wiederholter intraartikulärer Injektion eines Lokalanästhetikums angesehen. Mithilfe konservativer Behandlungsmaßnahmen (Analgetika/Neuroleptika) und physikalischer Maßnahmen kann symptomatisch eine meist mäßige Besserung erreicht werden. Bei den operativen Maßnahmen zeigt sich eine deutliche Überlegenheit der minimalinvasiven Eingriffe gegenüber offenen, invasiveren operativen Verfahren. Besonders gut dokumentiert sind die Resultate der minimalinvasiven Operationen mit dem iFuse Implant System®, dessen 3-eckiges Implantatprofil mit Titanplasmaspraybeschichtung eine unmittelbare und langanhaltende Stabilisierung garantiert. Patienten, bei denen sich die Symptomatik infolge einer Dysfunktion im ISG, einer degenerativen Sakroiliitis oder einer pathologischen Veränderung am ISG ausgebildet hat und bei denen konservative Behandlungen unzureichend gewirkt haben, zeigen nach Versorgung mit iFUSE klinisch bedeutsame Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Schmerzsymptomatik, Funktionsfähigkeit und Lebensqualität. Das Verfahren zeichnet sich auch durch einen geringen intraoperativen Blutverlust, kurze Operationszeiten und Aufenthaltsdauer in der Klinik aus.
Evaluating quality in endoscopy
Authors: Pohl Heiko
Published: April 2017

Despite an increasing number of publications and suggested quality measures, evaluating quality in endoscopy remains a challenge. Most quality measures are process measures and lack evidence for an association with clinically important outcomes. Furthermore, most measure focus on procedural aspects. Patients’ expectations, cultural values, and work setting also affect quality, but are less often considered. The aim of this article is to broaden the view on quality assessment. Here, quality is viewed from four perspectives: an individual patient perspective, which considers expectations and personal values; a cultural perspective, which encompasses cultural values and norms; an individual care perspective, which includes how an individual patient is being treated; and a societal perspective, which sets the stage for provided care. The article concludes with a proposal to consider bundled composite measures as a path to a simple yet comprehensive approach to assessing and measuring quality in endoscopy.
The Digital Platform: A Research Agenda
Authors: de Reuver Mark , Sørensen Carsten , Basole Rahul C.
Published: April 2017

As digital platforms are transforming almost every industry today, they are slowly finding their way into the mainstream information systems (ISs) literature. Digital platforms are a challenging research object because of their distributed nature and intertwinement with institutions, markets and technologies. New research challenges arise as a result of the exponentially growing scale of platform innovation, the increasing complexity of platform architectures and the spread of digital platforms to many different industries. This paper develops a research agenda for digital platforms research in IS. We recommend researchers seek to (1) advance conceptual clarity by providing clear definitions that specify the unit of analysis, degree of digitality and the sociotechnical nature of digital platforms; (2) define the proper scoping of digital platform concepts by studying platforms on different architectural levels and in different industry settings; and (3) advance methodological rigour by employing embedded case studies, longitudinal studies, design research, data-driven modelling and visualisation techniques. Considering current developments in the business domain, we suggest six questions for further research: (1) Are platforms here to stay? (2) How should platforms be designed? (3) How do digital platforms transform industries? (4) How can data-driven approaches inform digital platforms research? (5) How should researchers develop theory for digital platforms? and (6) How do digital platforms affect everyday life?
Enhanced photoresponsivity of multilayer MoS2 transistors using high work function MoOx overlayer
Authors: Yoo Geonwook , Hong Seongin , Heo Junseok , Kim Sunkook
Published: April 2017

Using thin sub-stoichiometric molybdenum trioxide (MoOx, x < 3) overlayer, we demonstrate over 20-folds enhanced photoresponsivity of multilayer MoS2 field-effect transistor. The fabricated device exhibits field-effect mobility (μFE) of up to 41.4 cm2/V s and threshold voltage (VTH) of −9.3 V, which is also modulated by the MoOx overlayer. The MoOx layer (∼25 nm), commonly known for a high work function (∼6.8 eV) material with a band gap of ∼3 eV, is evaporated on top of the MoS2 channel and confirmed by the transmission electron microscope analysis. The electrical and optical modulation effects are associated with interfacial charge transfer and thus an induced built-in electric field at the MoS2/MoOx interface. The results show that high work function MoOx can be a promising heterostructure material in order to enhance the photoresponse characteristics of MoS2-based devices.
Ultra-thin and high-response transparent and flexible heater based on carbon nanotube film
Authors: Kim Yeji , Lee Hye Ryoung , Saito Takeshi , Nishi Yoshio
Published: April 2017

We demonstrated transparent and flexible heaters based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using solution and room temperature processing. The direct film fabrication and curing onto a plastic substrate requiring no transfer processing enable a low-cost potential and large-scale fabrication of devices while restraining defects and damage to the transparent and flexible SWNT heaters. The developed ultra-thin heaters show high saturation temperature and extremely high response speed, as indicated by reaching over 100 °C within 1 s at an input voltage of 7 V. The temperature-power performance achieved 187 °C/W·cm2. The transparent and flexible heater with low driving voltage and high response speed is expected to have innovative thermal applications such as portable medical sensors and devices.
The glass transition and enthalpy recovery of a single polystyrene ultrathin film using Flash DSC
Authors: Koh Yung P. , Simon Sindee L.
Published: April 2017

The kinetics of the glass transition are measured for a single polystyrene ultrathin film of 20 nm thickness using Flash differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Tg is measured over a range of cooling rates from 0.1 to 1000 K/s and is depressed compared to the bulk. The depression decreases with increasing cooling rate, from 12 K lower than the bulk at 0.1 K/s to no significant change at 1000 K/s. Isothermal enthalpy recovery measurements are performed from 50 to 115 °C, and from these experiments, the temperature dependence of the induction time along the glass line is obtained, as well as the temperature dependence of the time scale required to reach equilibrium, providing a measure of the shortest effective glassy relaxation time and the longest effective equilibrium relaxation time, respectively. The induction time for the ultrathin film is found to be similar to the bulk at all temperatures presumably because the Tg values are the same due to the use of a cooling rate of 1000 K/s prior to the enthalpy recovery measurements. On the other hand, the times required to reach equilibrium for the ultrathin film and bulk are similar at 100 °C, and considerably shorter for the ultrathin film at 90 °C, consistent with faster dynamics under nanoconfinement at low temperatures. The magnitude of the “Tg depression” is smaller when using the equilibrium relaxation time from the structural recovery experiment as a measure of the dynamics than when measuring Tg after a cooling experiment. A relaxation map is developed to summarize the results.