bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Justice
Authors: Hansen Gail , Macedo Joseli
Published: May 2022

Environmental justice has become a major urban issue in the last 50 years or so. With increased awareness of the detrimental impact that environmental degradation can have on humans, social movements led by environmentally conscious activists developed to demand government action. Environmental justice can be considered from both an amenity and a hazard perspective; the result is uniformly the same: where there is inequity, poorer and ethno-racial minority neighborhoods have less access to environmental amenities and are exposed to more environmental hazards, while affluent neighborhoods have more access to environmental amenities and are not exposed to environmental hazards. Most sustainable cities try to offer equitable access to environmental amenities, such as green open spaces, to all citizens; however, brownfields and other environmental hazards are still present in most urban areas.
Landscape Aesthetics
Authors: Hansen Gail , Macedo Joseli
Published: May 2022

Landscape aesthetics is the visual quality or beauty of combined landscape elements. Associated with aesthetics is the aesthetic experience, a feeling of pleasure attributed to characteristics of visual quality, such as color, form and texture. Landscape preferences are influenced by these formal design principals and social norms. Social norms (especially the desire to fit in) influence homeowners’ choices in plants and maintenance, which can affect biodiversity. Ecological aesthetics is a new approach of using aesthetics to encourage ecologically sound landscapes that has been embraced by ecologists who believe it may be the key to saving nature in cities. People are willing to pay for and protect landscapes they value, and they are more likely to engage in pro-environmental maintenance practices.
Residential Landscapes
Authors: Hansen Gail , Macedo Joseli
Published: May 2022

Residential landscapes are privately owned green spaces that are uniquely protected by private property rights; however, the management and stewardship of the land is often influenced by homeowner’s association rules, social norms and civic ordinances. Yard size, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle behaviors often determine the biophysical properties of the yards, which are also socially significant; a well-maintained yard reflects pride of ownership and civic responsibility. The dominant flora are non-native species, but there is often a high diversity of individual species based on yard size. Turf monocultures and use of potentially invasive plants are two environmental impacts associated with yards because homeowners often judge the ecological value by the aesthetic appeal. This provides the opportunity to link ecological function to aesthetics to promote ecological practices that meet the needs of homeowners.
Urban Ecology
Authors: Hansen Gail , Macedo Joseli
Published: May 2022

Urban ecology is a multi-discipline, multi-expert area of study and practice that requires specialized knowledge from experts and local knowledge from citizens. Areas of professional expertise needed in cities include planning, design and construction; ecology and natural systems; and politics, law and economics. Citizen science is considered a non-professional applied science where collaboration between scientists and lay people takes advantage of the local knowledge of citizens. This culture-based knowledge comes from experience of indigenous people who have the best knowledge of a place. As people and ecosystems evolve together in cities, local and global adaptive management strategies are needed to deal with new problems such as climate change, pollution, and rapid growth.
Landscape Certification Programs
Authors: Hansen Gail , Macedo Joseli
Published: May 2022

Landscapes and buildings can be certified by meeting established criteria for sustainability. Typical landscape and building certification programs are designed to encourage, regulate, or enforce specific development and maintenance practices by offering certification for meeting specified sustainable criteria. Local governments may require mandatory participation in a certificate program as part of their development process, while others may give developers the option to participate by offering financial incentives. The rating system includes a variety of benchmarks including criteria for site selection and assessment, and site design standards for water, soil, vegetation, and construction materials. Other site design strategies include construction, maintenance, and monitoring activities for human health and well-being.
Urban Ecology of Future Cities
Authors: Hansen Gail , Macedo Joseli
Published: May 2022

Future cities face many challenges, including environmental justice, public health, energy sources, transportation systems, and threats to biodiversity, clean water, and impacts from climate change. These are all concerns that require rethinking many of our political, economic, cultural and social dynamics in cities. Ecological urbanism, biophilic design, political ecology, and biosphere reserves are new broad concepts for creating a vision for future cities. Planning for the future also includes many different city models, including resilient cities, national park cities, sponge cities, and reconciliation cities. Important areas needing investigation for future cities include the functionality of urban ecosystems, the role of political systems and social norms, and public health concerns. The challenge for scientists is to define and specify the concepts so that they are operational and can be translated to policy and strategies with well-defined actions for development plans.
Geographic Imaginaries from the Chinese Tradition
Authors: Gunn Geoffrey C.
Published: May 2022

In this chapter we focus on Chinese imaginaries of the Nan Yang, or southern seas, not excluding the Indian Ocean area. Allowing for filtering and embellishment, the Chinese geographic-cartographic tradition is seminal in this respect, as is the tradition of recording dynastic annals. Accordingly, this chapter taps into a long tradition of scholarly interpretation of such maps and texts. A first section explains the China-centered tribute trade system. A second section frames a Chinese India imaginary around the journey undertaken in 399 CE by a famed Chinese monk to India and back. Taking cues from the “California school” on economic differentials between Europe and China, a third section offer an appraisal of Song China economic strength. Through an examination of navigational texts, a fourth section offers a Song-era world imaginary. A fifth section contemplates China’s South Seas priority under the Mongol-Yuan dynasty, while the early Ming-era voyages of the Muslim admiral Zheng He are set down in a sixth section. Finally, the chapter offers an evaluation of Ming China maritime prowess and cartographic accomplishments.
The Evidence from Marine Archaeology
Authors: Gunn Geoffrey C.
Published: May 2022

The previous chapter announced the importance of an interconnected series of port cities spanning Indian Ocean trading networks. By contrast this chapter shifts the focus to shipwreck and other marine archaeological data with a view to deriving comparative lessons on a number of interrelated facets in line with a general world regional history perspective. Arguably, as this chapter presents, some of the most exciting research in the field of the historical East-West trade stems from advances in marine archaeological research, major discoveries, and new interpretations. First, the chapter elaborates upon the concept of ceramic trade as a proxy for overall trade, as corroborated by terrestrial archaeological discovery. In a second section, the chapter surveys a select number of marine archaeology sites from across the Indian Ocean realm. Third, it examines early modern trade polities in East-Southeast Asia with reference to evidence supplied by European shipwrecks. Aside from Chinese wrecks, this chapter also canvasses examples of “Austronesian” and Arab dhow-type ships, suggesting the regionality of the trade, even prior to the major entry of Mongol Yuan-era shipping into the Nanyang or South Seas trade.
The Ryukyu Trade Networks Revisited
Authors: Gunn Geoffrey C.
Published: May 2022

It appears improbable but for several centuries corresponding to the European Middle Ages or the early Ming period in China, the Ryukyu Islands came to play a central role in connecting China to a range of Southeast Asian ports and polities. Commencing around 1373 the Kingdom began mounting complementary voyages to China, Japan, and Korea and so indirectly connected these polities with the Southeast Asia trade in tropical zone products. An important feature of the Ryukyu trade was its royal monopoly status. The Ryukyu connection with Ming China also fitted into the classic pattern of tribute trade, both ceremonially and commercially. First, the chapter explains the indispensable primary sources from which historians have pieced together Ryukyu’s long and distinctive history. A second section situates Ryukyu within the ambit and shadow of the Ming tribute trade. Third, it fits Ryukyu into the Korea trade. Fourth, and in some detail, the chapter examines the broad span of Ryukuan contacts with Southeast Asian ports and polities. Finally, it explains Ryukyu’s subordination to the Tokugawa bakufu and reinvention as a dual tributary stubbornly loyal to the Qing.
Afterword
Authors: Gunn Geoffrey C.
Published: May 2022

As a reflection upon the entire text, the Afterword returns to the trope of imagined geographies. This it does under three rubrics, namely “alternative realms,” “The rise and fall of the Thirteenth-Century World System,” and “borderless histories.“ As explained, the book offered multiple examples where both cartographic and chorographic representations reflected the world as seen through the prism of civilizations. In an age before imperialism and imperial geography, geographic space was a far more fluid concept in line with civilizational and religious verities. No one owned the borderlands - often badlands - and no one but pirates owned the seas. But in the age of imperialism, matched by the science of trigonometric measurement, geodesic survey and the setting down of fixed coordinates and boundaries, geography appeared as its handmaiden. As suggested, if there is a serious takeaway from the discussion, then we should acknowledge that the weight of the past sets the context for the present. Moreover, as this book has dared to suggest, from a classical age civilizations have indulged in imagining their worlds in highly creative ways.
Introduction: Urban Nature Brought to Life in an Age of Loss
Authors: Rademacher Anne , Sivaramakrishnan K.
Published: May 2022

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
Divine Excess: The Power of Accidents and Nature Spirits in Bangkok
Authors: Johnson Andrew Alan
Published: May 2022

At sites of accident and misfortune in Bangkok, Thailand, are shrines to nature spirits. These trees or animals are beings that have been paved over by Bangkok’s expanding sprawl, but which reappear as ghostly visitations, presenting a counter-narrative to a triumphalist city plan. Singled out as the cause of otherwise author-less accident and disaster, spirits draw upon a kind of divine excess, a sacralized ecology that serves not only as a point of critique and contradiction to the city’s seemingly “developed” facade, but also as a place of possibility for those on Bangkok’s margins. This work expands upon the idea of nature in the city to indicate nature’s absent-presence in places where it has been paved under. Nature becomes a powerful language of critique, pointing out the flaws in extractivist, development-oriented state discourses.
Putting the Garden Back: Cultivating Life through Urban Gardening in India
Authors: Frazier Camille
Published: May 2022

In the midst of an IT boom, middle class individuals in Bengaluru [Bangalore], India are “putting the garden back” by growing fruits and vegetables on their private terraces for home consumption. This paper considers the motivations for cultivating home gardens among Bengaluru’s organic terrace gardening community, demonstrating, along with other chapters in this volume, an effort to cultivate "life" in the midst of an ongoing "death" of urban ecologies. Terrace gardeners use memories of Bengaluru’s verdant past to condemn its present, and describe their cultivation activities as a response to worsening health and environmental conditions in the city. However, class and caste inequalities affect OTGians’ abilities to engage with a broader community of urban food producers. These inequalities limit the transformative potential of organic terrace gardening as an intervention into decaying urban bodies and ecologies.
Eros of International Relations
Authors: Shih Chih-yu
Published: May 2022

The power of feminist critiques and the quest for non-Western international relations share one epistemological caveat in practice. Namely, there is a tendency toward resistance that usually invokes binary thinking, informed by strategic essentialism. Consequently, femininity fails to deconstruct masculinity despite the widespread attention it has attracted. Rather, it is involved in a battle that ironically privileges masculinity.
Using the concept of “self-feminizing”—the adoption of a feminine identity to oblige and achieve mutual caring as a relational strategy—Eros of International Relations argues that postcolonial actors have employed gendered identities in order to survive the squeezing pressure of globalization and nationalism in their own way. The book illustrates the feminist potential for emancipation through offering a range of empirical examples, showing that women with various Chinese characteristics, acting on behalf of their nation, city and corporation, reject the masculinization of their group of belonging as a remedy for inferiority or threat. Where implemented effectively, actors who self-feminize have the potential to deconstruct the binaries of masculine competition and seek alternative strategies under the postcolonial global order.
This book inspires revisionist and yet friendly reflections on the current studies of postcolonialism, international relations, relational theory, China studies, cultural studies, and feminism.
Introduction: Postcolonial Feminism and China
Authors: Shih Chih-yu
Published: May 2022

The international relations literature, premised upon sovereign independence, generally involves a masculine discourse that requires a feminist other to dominate or desire. Wherever feminizing is inappropriate because the actors are too weak to commit othering, self-feminizing can occur to oblige interdependent relations. Compared with the critical endeavor to manifest the differences and agencies of feminized others, the self-feminizing that seeks to deconstruct these characteristics is revisionist in nature. Strategizing gendered identities is neither intrinsically good nor bad. Such a process creates a bridging mentality that weaves Chineseness into relations, to the extent that territorial, legal, and autonomous China yields to a kind of post-China and post-Chineseness that is subject to re/appropriation each time the name is enlisted in practice.
The Eros of Foreign Policy: Madame Chiang Kai-shek during World War II
Authors: Shih Chih-yu
Published: May 2022

China during World War II represented an example of civilizational imagination through a feminized body politic, and also revealed relational empowerment by highlighting a dependency narrative. A metaphor of feminine sovereignty, enacted by an eloquent female speaker, undergirded and strengthened this relational empowerment. The relational empowerment made up for the loss of masculinity in the dependent image of Chinese sovereignty, which Madame Chiang Kai-shek developed and for which she won credit among the members of the US Congress. She herself was a combination of Oriental-Occidental, male-female characteristics, an illustration of a dynamic identity process, and a validation that her original, yet secondary, identity was turning American. Her achievement embodied a celebration of American values in the eyes of her audience.
Navigating Globalization: Femininity, In-betweenness, and Emancipation
Authors: Shih Chih-yu
Published: May 2022

Self-feminizing enables emancipation from the pressure to enforce universal norms and rules when the substitution of relational concerns for the binary adjusts the behavior of two rivals. In this chapter, the self-feminizing of female professionals and entrepreneurs, which keeps the international and local from engaging in direct confrontation, points to a non-solution as a solution to seemingly rival identities. They engender relational identities and reflect practices that either postpone a decision on where to draw the binary or deliberately alternate between the two elements indefinitely. The potential confrontation can be caused by either divergent ideologies or competing individuals. The self-feminizing agencies enable epistemological equality between all competitors and rivals, serving to delay and even shelve the quest for a solution.
A Diplomatic Meeting
Authors: Cooper James
Published: May 2022

Drawing on a host of recently declassified documents from the Reagan-Thatcher years, A Diplomatic Meeting: Reagan, Thatcher, and the Art of Summitry provides an innovative framework for understanding the development and nature of the special relationship between British prime minister Margaret Thatcher and American president Ronald Reagan, who were known as "political soulmates." James Cooper boldly challenges the popular conflation of the leaders' platforms, and proposes that Reagan and Thatcher's summitry highlighted unique features of domestic policy in their respective countries. Summits, therefore, were a significant opportunity for the two world leaders to further their own domestic agendas. Cooper uses the relationship between Reagan and Thatcher to demonstrate that summitry politics transcended any distinction between foreign policy and domestic politics—a major objective of Reagan and Thatcher as they sought to consolidate power and implement their domestic economic programs in a parallel quest to reverse notions of their countries' "decline." This unique and significant study about the making of the Reagan-Thatcher relationship uses their key meetings as an avenue to explore the fluidity between the domestic and international spheres, a perspective that is underappreciated in existing interpretations of the leaders' relationship and Anglo-American relations and, more broadly, in the field of international affairs.
A Political “Special Relationship,” 1981
Authors: Cooper James
Published: May 2022

The second chapter is a study of their first meeting at the White House in 1981 and that year’s G7 summit. It reveals that the politics of Reagan and Thatcher’s transatlantic expeditions when they were out of power persisted after Thatcher and Reagan secured national office in 1979 and 1981 respectively. Their summitry meetings – both one-on-one and in the context of the G7 – were contextualized by debates about their economic policies at home and in each other’s respective country. The chapter observes that the fortunes of Thatcherism were viewed in American political discourse as a harbinger of Reaganism.
A Part-Time Job
Authors: Ritchie Donald A. , Birdwhistell Terry L.
Published: May 2022

What began as a part-time job as secretary to Lady Bird Johnson quickly became a full-time job for Bess Clements Abell. During this time Abell met Liz Carpenter and they became an effective team. In her position, Abell observed the relationship between President Kennedy and Vice-President Johnson. The tragic events in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963 changed Abell's life suddenly and dramatically as she became White House social secretary during the Johnson Administration.
Ryding and Breakinge
Authors: Caramello Charles
Published: May 2022

Classical horsemanship, or dressage (training of horse) and equitation (training of rider), was revived in Italy in the sixteenth century and, through a succession of riding masters, migrated to France in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, where it reached a height of refinement. Chapter 1, "Ryding and Breakinge," traces horsemanship and its military application from Federico Grisone’s Gli ordini di cavalcare (The Rules of Riding) (1550) through seventeenth and eighteenth-century treatises by Antoine de Pluvinel, William Cavendish (1st Duke of Newcastle), and François Robichon de la Guérinière, to Richard Berenger’s summary The History and Art of Horsemanship (1771). It contends that the "art" of horsemanship, originally developed for warfare, as well as for asethetic value and social prestige, migrated over this period from the former purpose to the latter.
Remounts and Wastage
Authors: Caramello Charles
Published: May 2022

The role of the horse (or "remount") raises different questions than does that of cavalry: the latter questions concern the organization and operations of a mounted arm, while the former concern the acquisition and deployment of the horses needed for that arm. Chapter 4, "Remounts and Wastage," employs government reports and proposals, popular and fine art and photography, and fictional and non-fictional literature and focuses, unlike the first three chapters, on military horses rather than horsemanship. Treating horses both as matériel and as symbol, the chapter discusses the breeding, acquisition, transportation, deployment, and massive "wastage" of horses (loss by death or other causes) in cavalry and artillery in the Great War, as well as the treatment of warhorses in Great War art and literature.
From the Ohio River Great Flood to the Atomic Age
Authors: Humphreys George G.
Published: May 2022

This chapter covers the tremendous local struggles following the 1937 Ohio River Flood to win federal help in construction of the Paducah flood law and construction of Kentucky Dam by the TVA that completed the series of dams on the Tennessee River, the home front during WW II and the federal government’s decision, in the early stages of the Cold War, to build the massive uranium enrichment plant near Paducah. Political and local leaders united on each of these initiatives, except for the latter one. The Jackson Purchase, the most westernmost part of the state, was once more disappointed in 1947 with the defeat of Harry Lee Waterfield’s loss in the gubernatorial primary to Earle Clements, a rising western Kentucky politician. Paducah’s Senator Alben Barkley was rewarded for his long service with becoming Harry Truman’s vice presidential choice in 1948.
Expression Modulation of Immune Checkpoint Molecules by Ibrutinib and Everolimus Through STAT3 in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Soltanshahi Mohsen , Taghiloo Saeid , Asgarian-Omran Hossein
Published: May 2022

: Tumor-targeted therapy with small-molecule inhibitors (SMIs) has been demonstrated to be a highly effective therapeutic strategy for various cancers. However, their possible associations with immune evasion mechanisms remain unknown. This study examined the association of inhibitors of the protein kinase B (AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) signaling pathways with the expression of immune checkpoint ligands programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD155, and galectin-9 (Gal-9) in a breast cancer cell line. MCF-7 cells were treated with everolimus, MK-2206, and ibrutinib. An MTT assay was used to determine the optimal dose for all drugs. A real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to measure the mRNA expression of PD-L1, CD155, and Gal-9. The western blot technique was also employed to evaluate the protein expression of the phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The optimal doses of everolimus, MK-2206, and ibrutinib were observed to be 200, 320, and 2000 nM, respectively. The PD-L1 and CD155 mRNA expression was significantly decreased following the treatment with everolimus and ibrutinib, but not with MK-2206. There were no differences in Gal-9 expression between the single-treated and control groups; however, combined treatment with everolimus and ibrutinib increased its mRNA expression. Everolimus and ibrutinib both inhibited constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation in MCF-7, which was more pronounced in combination treatment. The findings regarding the modulation of PD-L1, CD155, and Gal-9 molecules by SMIs emphasize the crosstalk between the expression of these immune checkpoint molecules and AKT/mTOR/BTK signaling pathways through STAT3 as a critical transcription factor.
Psychosocial Factors of Post-operative Pain Intensity in Women Undergoing Cesarean Section
Authors: Samadi Marzoni Fazeleh , Faramarzi Mahbobeh , Ghanbarpoor Azita , Seyfi Shahram , Gholinia Hemmat , Raie Abasabadi Hamideh
Published: May 2022

Background: Little evidence has noted that psychological factors are risk factors of post-operative pain intensity in women undergoing cesarean section. Objectives: The aim of study was to determine predictive psychosocial factors for post-cesarean pain intensity using assessment of depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and quality of relationship. Methods: This prospective descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 150 healthy women scheduled for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The day before the surgery, the patients completed three questionnaires including Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and General Self-efficacy. Also, 24 hours after the surgery, the intensity of pain in the patients was assessed with filling McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). Linear regression was used to predict the factors of pain intensity. Results: The anxiety was a positive predictor of pain intensity of women after C-section (β = 0. 0.22, P = 0.014). However, depression score, and self-efficacy were not predicting factors of pain intensity of women after C-section. Conclusions: Preoperative anxiety increases post-operative pain intensity in women undergoing cesarean section.
The Fabrian Vision of the Comparison of Being and Nothingness in Aquinas and Heidegger
Authors: Navarro Marcelo ,   IVE Press
Published: May 2022

In this paper I follow Fabro’s analysis of “Dell’ente, dell’essere e del nulla” from the eighth chapter of his book Tomismo e Pensiero Moderno, and his explanation of essere and nulla in Heidegger and Aquinas. Remaining faithful to the author’s outline in said chapter, firstly, I highlight the essential topic of being and the openness to the Absolute in both, the Heideggerian and Thomistic metaphysical thought. Secondly, I consider the reduction of the object of metaphysics to the essence and the problem of being in Christian philosophy. Finally, I address Heidegger’s charge directed to Thomistic philosophy as interpreter of the faith. In the conclusion, by following some of the remarks of Fides et Ratio, I restate the importance of returning to Aquinas’ innovative notion of being, equally to do philosophy and theology in total openness to the Absolute, and I do so in the steps of Fabro, that is, recognizing the contributions of modern philosophy such as Heidegger’s.
Estructura del vers i variació lingüística en els poemes d’Ausiàs March
Authors: Jiménez Martínez Jesús
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar que varios aspectos de la métrica como el cómputo de sílabas, la rima y los patrones rítmicos, nos pueden ayudar a extraer información sobre la variación lingüística de otras épocas. El estudio analiza algunas variantes formales presentes en los poemas de Ausiàs March (1397-1459) que sirven para satisfacer los requerimientos métricos del verso. En cuanto al cómputo de sílabas, nos hemos centrado en el tratamiento doble, como hiatos o como diptongos, de las secuencias vocálicas decrecientes: a pesar de la abrumadora mayoría de formas con hiato, los datos dejan entrever que en aquel tiempo ya actuaban algunas de las restricciones vigentes en la actualidad, como la tendencia a inhibir la formación de diptongos en secuencias de vocales próximas al acento principal. Por otra parte, la rima y el ritmo a menudo nos orientan sobre la pronunciación y la grafía adecuada para palabras dudosas, como en la selección del timbre de las vocales medias o en la ubicación del acento en dobletes como ésser/esser ‘ser’. Finalmente, el análisis del ritmo aconseja presumir una cierta relatividad en el concepto de tonicidad, a partir del comportamiento de elementos rítmicamente ambiguos como el relativo què. En este caso, sin embargo, la información también fluye en la otra dirección, desde la lengua hasta la métrica, ya que la distribución de los elementos ambiguos, con una tendencia clara a gravitar hacia posiciones poco prominentes, nos ayuda a comprender las relaciones de prominencia que se establecen entre las diferentes partes del verso.
Masculinidad, paternidad y poder en «Las botellas y los hombres» de Julio Ramón Ribeyro
Authors: Leonardo-Loayza Richard
Published: May 2022

A pesar de que la figura del padre está presente en buena parte de la narrativa latinoamericana, lo cierto es que recién en estas últimas décadas se la ha abordado desde una perspectiva realmente teórica, esto gracias a los estudios de género y, en especial, a las masculinidades. En tal contexto, surge el estudio de las paternidades como un intento por entender al padre y los diversos roles que este cumple en el espectro familiar y social, los cuales han variado notablemente en la reciente época. A partir de este paradigma, el presente artículo analiza «Las botellas y los hombres» del escritor peruano Julio Ramón Ribeyro. En la diégesis de este relato se representa el vínculo que se produce entre la subjetividad masculina y la paternidad. Se ha encontrado que, desde la óptica de Ribeyro, dicho vínculo se muestra problemático, debido a que las relaciones que se establecen entre el padre y el hijo varón, protagonistas del texto, están marcadas por los discursos sociales contradictorios que existen sobre la masculinidad y la paternidad, los que instrumentalizan mandatos perversos que en su pretensión por disciplinar a los hombres, los convierten en sujetos de frustración y dolor.
El exilio del alma en el cuento infantil
Authors: Junco Ethel Beatriz , Calabrese Claudio César
Published: May 2022

En Las Aventuras de Pinocho (1883) reaparece uno de los relatos sagrados fundamentales: Carlo Collodi presenta el tema del exilio del paraíso y las vicisitudes para recuperarlo. El texto combina la forma del mito con rigor y claridad junto con la simplicidad y el humor del cuento infantil. Hacemos la lectura del libro en relación con la teoría del símbolo de Paul Ricœur, en particular con el respaldo metodológico de Finitud y culpabilidad (1960) y la primera presentación de los símbolos del mal, en tanto discurso indirecto. La exposición mítica del problema de naturaleza religiosa y filosófica pone en juego la pregunta por la identidad; la presencia del mal exige definición personal. Relacionamos el viaje del alma del protagonista con el decurso de la historia nacional y consideramos en paralelo la respuesta; los símbolos del mal interpelan originariamente para ordenar el decurso de vida personal e histórica.
El papel de las operaciones cognitivas metonímicas en la interpretación de las formas truncadas en lengua inglesa
Authors: Peña Cervel Sandra
Published: May 2022

En los últimos años la literatura sobre el cruce léxico ha experimentado un incremento espectacular (Renner, Maniez y Arnaud, 2012; Renner, 2015; Correia Saavedra, 2016; Balteiro y Bauer, 2019; Wulff y Gries, 2019). Este estudio basado en corpus proporciona un análisis cuantitativo de las denominadas formas truncadas – partes de palabras que no son morfemas que proceden de la segmentación de ítems léxicos que se usan repetidamente en la creación de nuevos cruces léxicos como si fueran afijos – desde el punto de vista de la Lingüística Cognitiva. Más concretamente, se ofrece un análisis detallado de un corpus de 200 formas truncadas (el SplinterCorpus) recopiladas de obras previas (Warren, 1990; Lehrer, 1998, 2007; Renner, 2007; Correia Saavedra, 2016) y del diccionario en línea de Cambridge en el que se hace uso de los últimos avances en modelación cognitiva, especialmente de la noción de ‘operación cognitiva’ (Ruiz de Mendoza, 2020; Ruiz de Mendoza y Galera, 2014). Si bien algunas formas truncadas conservan el significado de la palabra fuente de la que proceden, otras lo reinterpretan (Bauer, Beliaeva y Tarasova, 2019; Mattiello, 2019). Nos centramos en este segundo grupo y ofrecemos una explicación de la motivación que subyace al cambio semántico experimentado por el significado de estas formas truncadas en términos de las operaciones cognitivas de expansión y reducción. También exploramos el carácter evaluativo de algunas de estas formas truncadas
Pragmàtica dels textos i debat social sobre la COVID-19: estratègies negacionistes, liberalisme i comunitarisme
Authors: Kotatkova Adéla , Salvador Vicent
Published: May 2022

La pandèmia de la COVID-19 ha provocat un trasbalsament de la societat mundial, ara més globalitzada que mai, amb conseqüències encara imprecises. El paper de la ciència com a referent social s’hi ha vist afectat en la mesura que se li demanen respostes que sovint no poden ser sinó provisionals i que generen contradiccions en la gestió de l’emergència sanitària. Hem analitzat diverses estratègies argumentatives del discurs negacionista, així com també el debat entre la perspectiva liberal i la comunitarista a l’hora d’aplicar i justificar una gestió que ha generat conflictes entre els poders executius i els judicials. Aquesta problemàtica és examinada en un estudi de cas referit al confinament forçós d’estudiants a Mallorca l’estiu de 2021, que va suscitar controvèrsies mediàtiques.
Performance of Different Organic Liquid Manures on Growth, Yield and Economics of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Vikash Matam , Singh Vikram , George Shruti Grace , Vishkarma S.P.
Published: May 2022

An experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2021 at Crop Research Farm, NAI, SHUATS to study about the Performance of different organic liquid manures on growth and yield of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.). The experiment consisted of 9 treatments which includes 3 doses of Panchagavya i.e., Panchagavya 2%, 4% and 6% and 3 doses of Jeevamruth i.e., Control, Jeevamruth 500 l/ha, and Jeevamruth 1000 l/ha, whose effect is observed on Field pea (var. RACHANA). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments replicated thrice. The treatment with the application of Panchagavya 6% + Jeevamruth 1000 l/ha recorded significantly higher plant height (100.8 cm), number of Nodules per plant (28.3), plant dry weight (32.98 g), number of pods per plant (23. 3), number of seeds per pod (5.13), Seed index (22.07 g) Seed yield (2.57 t/ha), Stover yield (3.81 t/ha) and Harvest index (40.23%) compared to other treatment combinations. The maximum gross return (INR 238700.00/ha), net return (INR 1,68, 752.00/ha) and B:C ratio (2.41) is recorded in treatment with the application of Panchagavya 6% + Jeevamruth 1000 l/ha.
Mechanochemistry‐Driven Construction of Aza‐fused π‐Conjugated Networks Toward Enhanced Energy Storage
Authors: Fan Juntian , Wang Tao , Chen Hao , Wang Zongyu , Thapaliya Bishnu P. , Kobayashi Takeshi , Yuan Yating , Popovs Ilja , Yang Zhenzhen , Dai Sheng
Published: May 2022

The current approaches toward synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) functionalized by aza‐fused functionalities are still limited to solution‐based procedures or ionothermal polymerizations, which requires monomers with rigid/high steric hindrance structures and multiple reactive sites and extra arene‐based cross‐linkers, and generated CMPs with low content of aza‐fused functionalities. Herein, a facile mechanochemistry‐driven procedure is developed capable of affording a series of CMPs composed of abundant aza‐fused functionalities via a homocoupling process. Simple and linear aromatic bromide monomers with phenanthroline or bipyridine cores are deployed as the starting materials, which can coordinate on the metal surface to form 3D assembly and be polymerized in the presence of catalytic amount of magnesium powder driven by mechanochemical treatment under solvent‐ and additive‐free conditions. CMPs composed of solely phenanthroline or bipyridine moieties being connected by C–C bonds are afforded with high surface areas (up to 789 m2 g‐1), permanent and hierarchical porous architectures (micro‐ and mesopores), abundant aza‐fused moieties, and π‐conjugated networks. All these unique features made them promising candidates as supercapacitors, which exhibit outstanding electrocapacitive performance with a capacitance of 296 F g‐1 at 0.3 A g‐1 and capacitance retention of 103% for 5000 cycles at 5 A g‐1.
Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Cellular Bioelectrical Stimulation
Authors: Zhang Weifeng , Li Gaocai , Wang Bingjin , Zhu Qianqian , Zeng Lingli , Wen Zhen , Yang Cao , Pan Yue
Published: May 2022

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are an efficient state‐of‐the‐art kinetic energy‐harvesting technology based on the combination of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction to generate electrical energy from ambient mechanical energy. Bioelectricity is a quintessential characteristic of living organisms and has a crucial role in physiological and medical sciences. Living cells are capable of generating electrical signals and responding to electrical stimulation, which are known to be key properties that regulate cellular behaviors and cell–microenvironment interactions. TENGs, with the advantages of miniaturization and efficiency, are notably exploited in efforts to provide self‐powered electrical stimulation to cells for functional modulation or fate determination, leading to a new methodology in biology and medical science. In this review, the progress, challenges, and future prospects of cellular bioelectrical stimulation with TENGs are focused. The regulation of cellular activity involved in functional modulation and fate determination stimulated by TENGs is highlighted. Furthermore, the application of cell activity changes stimulated by TENGs is stressed in tissue regeneration, physiological function rehabilitation, and electroporation‐based drug delivery for disease therapy. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of using TENGs for electrical stimulation are presented for cell engineering in the biosciences and health care.
Soft Iontronic Capacitive Sensor for Beat‐to‐Beat Blood Pressure Measurements
Authors: Rwei Patrick , Qian Chengyang , Abiri Arash , Zhou Yongxiao , Chou En‐Fan , Tang William C. , Khine Michelle
Published: May 2022

Continuous beat‐to‐beat blood pressure (BP) monitoring provides hemodynamic information such as BP changes and waveforms over time, providing abundant information to more accurately diagnose a person's cardiovascular health compared to static cuff‐based measurements. To overcome the shortcomings of current techniques, a highly sensitive (S = 108.52 kPa−1 for 0–5 kPa range) soft capacitive sensor that can be worn like a Band‐Aid is developed such that continuous beat‐to‐beat BP monitoring can be sustainably achieved after an initial calibration. The sensor leverages iontronic material with air gaps for the dielectric combined with highly wrinkled, stretchable electrodes; the resulting average sensitivity of this device is demonstrated to be higher than that of other comparable sensors in literature. For the hemodynamic capture, the operating frequency of 300 kHz is chosen to achieve higher temporal resolution in continuous BP monitoring. Further, the multi‐island design in this work allows for rapid placement of the sensor without needing to accurately align with the underlying artery. Because of the improved sensitivity, the sensors can be adhered to the pulse points without an applanator. Finally, this sensor demonstrates sustained beat‐to‐beat blood pressure recordings that show excellent systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure correlation with an FDA‐cleared device, the Caretaker.
Turing Pattern‐Inspired Highly Transparent Wood for Multifunctional Smart Glass with Superior Thermal Management and UV‐Blocking Ability
Authors: Zhou Jiazuo , Liu Yifan , Yang Zhaolin , Wang Xin , Li Yudong , Liu Feng , Jiang Zishuai , Sun Xiaohan , Li Xiaowang , Zhao Yusen , Wang Chengyu , Ho Shih‐Hsin , Yang Haiyue
Published: May 2022

Transparent wood for smart glass can decrease indoor energy consumption, while simultaneously offering a comfortable indoor temperature and facilitating effective light harvesting. However, high transparency and ultraviolet (UV)‐blocking ability are mutually exclusive in wood‐based materials due to the presence of lignin. Herein, a Turing pattern‐inspired highly transparent wood (TP‐TW) is fabricated via infiltrating the thermal management materials doped‐epoxy (TMM‐epoxy) into the delignified wood with a Turing pattern. Afterward, the Turing pattern possesses outstanding optical properties (high visible transmittance of ≈76% and low UV transmittance of ≈15%). Moreover, TP‐TW can reduce adverse effects caused by indoor temperature fluctuation and outdoor sunlight, demonstrating high latent heat (25.30 J g−1) and low near‐infrared transmittance. Compared with glass, TP‐TW exhibits a low thermal conductivity of 0.21 W m−1 K−1 and excellent shock‐resistant characteristics. Taken together, these results indicate that TP‐TW is an attractive material for smart glass applications.
Research priorities to reduce risks from work hours and fatigue in the healthcare and social assistance sector
Authors: Caruso Claire C. , Arbour Megan W. , Berger Ann M. , Hittle Beverly M. , Tucker Sharon , Patrician Patricia A. , Trinkoff Alison M. , Rogers Ann E. , Barger Laura K. , Edmonson J. Cole , Landrigan Christopher P. , Redeker Nancy S. , Chasens Eileen R.
Published: May 2022

Background

The services of Healthcare and Social Assistance (HCSA) workers are needed by society around the clock. As a result, these workers are exposed to shift work and long work hours. The combination of demanding work schedules and other hazards in the HCSA work environment increases the health and safety risks to these workers, as well as to their patients/clients and the public.

Methods

This paper has three aims: (1) provide an overview of the burden of shift work, long hours, and related sleep and fatigue problems in this sector; (2) suggest research priorities that would improve these; and (3) discuss potential positive impacts of addressing these research priorities for the health and safety of workers and the public. The authors used a modified Delphi approach to anonymously rank‐order priorities for improving HCSA worker health and safety and public safety. Input was also obtained from attendees at the 2019 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Work Hours, Sleep, and Fatigue Forum.

Results

The highest rated research priorities were developing better designs for work schedules, and improving the HCSA culture and leadership approaches to shift work and long work hours. Additional priorities are identified.

Conclusion

Research in these priority areas has the potential to benefit HCSA workers as well as their patients/clients, employers, and society.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Perivascular Space Abnormalities in Neuromyelitis Optica
Authors: Cacciaguerra Laura , Carotenuto Antonio , Pagani Elisabetta , Mistri Damiano , Radaelli Marta , Martinelli Vittorio , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria A.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Astrocytes outline the perivascular space (PVS) and regulate fluid exchange through the aquaporin‐4 water channel. As neuromyelitis optica is an autoimmune astrocytopathy targeting aquaporin‐4, we hypothesized that it could be associatied with PVS abnormalities.

Methods

A total of 34 patients, and 46 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls from two independent cohorts (exploratory and validation dataset) underwent a standardized 3.0‐T magnetic resonance imaging protocol including conventional and diffusion tensor imaging. Susceptibility‐weighted imaging was also acquired in the exploratory dataset. We evaluated macroscopic and microstructural abnormalities of PVS in terms of enlargement and water diffusivity (DTI‐ALPS index). In the exploration dataset, a susceptibility‐weighted sequence was used to draw the regions of interest for the DTI‐ALPS index calculation in areas having veins perpendicular to lateral ventricles. Between‐group comparisons, correlations, and regression models were run to assess associations between PVS abnormalities, and clinical and magnetic resonance imaging variables.

Results

Patients had a higher frequency of severe PVS enlargement in the centrum semiovale (29.4% vs 8.7%), which correlated with brain atrophy, deep grey matter atrophy, and poorer cognitive performance (r‐values range: −0.44, −0.36;pvalues: 0.01–0.046).

In both datasets, patients had reduced DTI‐ALPS index compared with controls (pvalues 0.004–0.038). Lower DTI‐ALPS index, deep gray matter volume, and cortical volume could discriminate between patients and controls (R2 = 0.62), whereas lower DTI‐ALPS index, higher number of myelitis, and higher T2‐lesion volume were associated with worse disability (R2 = 0.55).

Interpretation

Patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder are characterized by abnormal enlargement and impaired water diffusion along the PVS, whose clinical implications suggest a direct correlation with disease pathogenesis and severity. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:173–183
Synthetic strategies for highly transparent and colorless polyimide film
Authors: Liu Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Ya‐Kun , Wu Da‐Yong
Published: May 2022

Polyimide (PI) is one of the best engineering plastics with excellent thermal, mechanical, dielectric performance and chemical stability. Among various PI products, film is one of the most dominant types. If PI films are to be applied to optical devices and display equipment, it is necessary to improve their optical transparency in the ultraviolet–visible region. However, improving the optical transparency of PI films would affect their thermal performance including thermal and dimensional stability. Therefore, how to balance optical and thermal performance to obtain highly transparent PI films with the best overall performance becomes a focus of current research field. In this review, we categorize transparent PI films into highly transparent PI, transparent PI with high glass transition temperature (Tg) and transparent PI with low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) based on their optical and thermal properties. Then, we review research progress in the field of polymer molecular design including synthesis strategies and properties in recent 5 years, to inspire research ideas and elaborate on the possible ways to develop high‐performance, colorless and transparent PI materials.