bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copper and Zinc status in women with unexplained infertility
Authors: Khulood AL-Saraf M. , Faris AL-Asadi A. , Saad A.Hussain
Published: April 2022

Zinc is the most widely studied element in term of fertility in both men and women; and zinc deficiency was reported to be associated with infertility. This prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted in the Infertility and IVF center, AL-Samarai Hospital Baghdad-Iraq, to evaluate the level of Cu/Zn ratio in the serum of women with unexplained infertility. Serum levels of copper and zinc were evaluated in twenty six women with unexplained infertility, and in twenty normal women served as control, using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. serum Zn levels were significantly lower compared to control group (6.63 mol/L ± 0.24 VS 9.0 mol/L ± 0.9, P= 0.01), serum Cu levels were significantly higher compared to controls (10.92 mol/L ± 0.4 VS 7.81 mol/L ± 0.38, P=0.01), Cu/Zn ratio was higher in infertile group (1.65 ± 0.014 VS 0.86 ± 0.011, P= 0.02).From these results it was concluded that the increase in Cu/Zn ratio may have an important etiological role in the pathogenicity of unexplained infertility, and therapeutic intervention in this respect may be beneficial in the treatment of this condition.
Some Variables Affecting Microencapsulation of d–alpha Tocopherol Succinate
Authors: Yehia Khalil I.
Published: April 2022

d-alpha tocopherol succinate, (Vit.E) is one of the most important vitamin, that is incorporated in food and nourishment due to its high biological activity against free radical formation inside cells.This study was illustrated in the followings:- Microcapsules of d - alpha tocopherol were prepared from different core:wall ratios 1:1 , 1:2 and 1:3 by solid dispersion method using ethyl cellulose (Ethoel ®) polymer .- The powdered microcapsules with 1:1 core:wall ratio is formulated as tablets with good appearance and hardness.- The drug release was found to be increased as a function of increasing, core:wall ratio, stirring speed and pH – medium.- The profile of cumulative different pH – medium release of the drug gives rise an indication of prolonged release dosage form. “ during 6hrs. of dissolution”
Effects of Treatment with Zinc Sulphate on the Oxidative Stress State during Chronic Exposure to Lead in Humans
Authors: Mustafa Alabbassi G. , Dawser Ismail k. , Nawfal Numan A. , Saad Hussin A.
Published: April 2022

Oxidative stress has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of lead poisoning. Consequently, the potential protective effects of antioxidant agents had been raised. This study was designed to explore the potential protective effects of zinc against the oxidative stress due to chronic exposure to lead Lead-exposed workers were treated with 100mg zinc sulphate / day for 2 months, and the extent of oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring of erythrocytes and plasma content of GSH and MDA, in addition the Cu, Zn and Pb blood level were measured also. The results of this study showed that treatment with zinc sulphate significantly lowered MDA production and increased glutathione levels in plasma and erythrocytes. Blood lead levels, which were elevated significantly due to chronic exposure, showed a reproducible reduction after treatment with zinc sulphate, associated with improvement in copper and zinc levels in the plasma of lead workers. In conclusion, daily supplementation with zinc as antioxidant to lead exposed workers seems to be beneficial in theprevention of oxidative stress associated with chronic exposure.
Synthesis and characterization of benzylidene- [1,3,4]thaidiazol -2-yl-amine
Authors: Ahmed Al-Kaddimy H. A.
Published: April 2022

This study was designed to synthesize chemically 2-aminothiadiazole derivatives and conversion to Schiff’s base. The principle synthesis of these compounds was to involve three steps:First : by thermal cyclization of thiosemicarbazied with carbon disulfide in the presence of potassium hydroxide dissolved in anhydrous ethanol to yield 2-amino-5- mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole.Second : by thermal cyclization of thiosemicarbazied with substituted carboxylic acid and sulphuric acid, to yield 2-amino-5-R-1,3,4-thiadiazole.Third : Schiff’s base formation by reflux of aromatic aldehyde with 2-amino-5-R-1,3,4-thiadiazole in the presence of ethanol.The chemical structures of all prepared compounds were confirmed by spectral data (UV-visible and IR spectroscopy) tables (1, 2, and 3).
Effects of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs on the glycemic satae and inflammatory marker in poorly controlled type ii dm patients
Authors: Sarmed Kathem H. , Dawser Ismail K. , Sajida Ismail H. , Khalid Hussain I. , Saad Hussain A.
Published: April 2022

Recent studies have shown that inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) predicts future risk of diabetes mellitus (DM), and the data about the relationship between inflammation and the role of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme with type 2 DM are scar. In the present study, the clinical use of COX-inhibitors to improve glycemic state in type 2, poorly controlled DM patients was tested. Thirty eight(38) type 2 diabetic patients (12 males and 26 females) with age range of 55±S.E.1.25yrs., who are maintained on hypoglycemic agents for 6.5±S.E.0.92 years, but with poor glycemic control, were included in the study and randomly allocated into 3 groups; first group was treated with 25mg/day rofecoxib and the second was treated with 100 mg/day diclofenac for 2 months. The third group served as control for comparison. Fasting serum glucose (FSG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), CRP and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated pre- and post-treatment. All the poorly controlled type 2DM patients included in the study were presented with high CRP levels. Treatment with rofecoxiband diclofenac for 60 days, showed relatively non-significant decrease in CRP, and did not produce any significant improvement in glycemic control. It could be concluded that COX pathway may not be the major contributor to the inflammatory events associated with DM and its associated complications.Further extensive pharmacologically based evaluation in this respect was necessary.
The Biocompatibility of eugenol after an intraosseous implantation
Authors: Khulood Al-Sarraf M.
Published: April 2022

The biocompatibility of the Eugenol, as one of the commonest root canal filling (RCF), material was evaluated through an intraosseous implantation of this material in the mandible of the Syrian hamsters.Forty Syrian hamsters were divided into 5 groups, 8 animals in each group, group 1 as control, and group 2, 3, 4, 5 as experimental groups.After the animal was anesthetised, the skin was reflected and a hole of 2mm. diameter X 2mm. depth was drilled in all the hamster mandibles.A mixture of Eugenol and Zinc oxide as a paste was placed in that hole of each animal of the experimental groups and left for different periods, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days. After the hamsters were sacrificed, a histological examination of the implantation site was performed, the results showed that Eugenol elicited a severe inflammatory reaction at day 7, and this inflammatory reaction is increased to become more severe at day 14, and the reaction begin to  decrease with the 21day giving about the same histopathological picture of after 7 days to become moderate after 28 days.Our conclusion is that the Eugenol is a biologically irritant material even after 4 weeks of itsintraosseous implantation.
Investigation the effect of different concentrations of carbomer & Co solvent propylene glycol on the releasing process of tinidazole from vaginal aqueous gel
Authors: Hiba Salmo M.
Published: April 2022

The ability of local mucoadhesive vaginal aqueous gel to deliver the antibacterial, antiprotozoal tinidazole (TND) to vaginal endolayers is dependent on its releasing out of the drug from vehicle to the mucosal layer of the vagina and then exert its local effect. This depends upon the physicochemical properties of the drug, vehicle & the composition of the releasing medium used.The effect of different concentration of carbomer 941(0.5, 1&2% w/w) on the release of TND (2%w/w) from the aqueous gel base in absence & presence of various concentration of propylene glycol (PG) to the stimulant vaginal fluid (S.V.F) medium was investigated. The release of TND from low concentration of carbomer (0.5% w/w) aqueous gel base was higher & its followed fickian mechanism of the release while an anomalous mechanism holds the releasing of drug from a high concentration of carbomer (1&2% w/w) aqueous gel base, the release of TND from aqueous gel containing low concentration of PG was markedly higher than that of aqueous gel having a higher concentration of PG. The solubility of TND in different concentration of PG : water solution were alsoinvestigated. The releasing method were carried out using both S.V.F (pH4.2) & citrate buffer (pH4.2). It was found that the using of S.V.F considered to be useful for the evaluation of topically prepared vaginal dosage form as a releasing medium.Furthermore the swelling index or (swelling percent) of 1gm carbomer polymer in S.V.F was measured after 4 hours incubation of the dry polymer in the fluid. The initial rate of swelling & the swelling equilibrium of (0.5, 1&2% w/w) dry carbomer in the S.V.F were also investigated, 0.5 % w/w cabomer aqueous gel has a high rate of swelling & swelling to equilibrium size rapidly, while 1&2% w/w carbomer aqueous gel having a low rate of swelling & swelling to equilibrium size slowly.
Effect of amoebiasis on serum electrolytes in children diarrhea
Authors: Abdul-Hussein Aljebory M.
Published: April 2022

This study has been performed on 54 patients with Amoebiasis after they head diagnosed by microscopic examination and we have ignore other causes of diarrhea. The aim of this work is to study the effect of diarrhea caused by Amoebiasis in children on some of biochemical variables. The patients were divided into three groups according to the age, the control consist of 22 children with out Amoebiasis (healthy chilled) .The results of each age group of patients were compared with the same age group of the control, also the results indicated that the level of serum total, direct and indirect bilirubin in patients with Amoebiasis was significantly higher than that for control for each age group.The results indicated that the level of serum sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and phosphorous of the patients was significantly lower than that for control in each age group.This study indicates that the diarrhea caused by Amoebiasis affected some of the liver and the intestine functions, which leaded to some biochemical changes in serum.
Study of some biochemical parameters in patients Of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mohammed Haethem Qassim
Published: April 2022

Hundred and fifty samples were collected patients with acute myeloid leukemia in the national center of Hematology, from period began at (1) June till end of December 2004.The diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia was made according to standard hematological criteria. Twenty five patients had (France, American, British) type M2 before treatment chemotherapy and 25 patients after chemotherapy, and leukemia patients M4 before treatment Average age of patient is 36.6 years and sex is 64% males and 36% females The study calculated the renal function by measuring urea and creatinine 40% of patients have elevated urea , 42% have elevation in creatinine either after or before treatment as possible complication of leukemia Introduction Leukemia means a group of disorders characterized by the accumulation of abnormal cells which may cause bone marrow failure Raised circulating white cells count and infiltrate other organs Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) called granulocytic or myelocytic leukemia account for about 20% of childhood leukemia (2).AML is a cancer of bone marrow which characterized by granulocytic cells predominance, these a typical blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.
Formulation and Evaluation of Cimetidine as a Topical Preparation
Authors: Yas Ali A , Marie Nidhal K.
Published: April 2022

Cimetidine is a H2 – receptor blocking drug, widely used for the treatment of stomach ulcer in addition to its immune response modifying activity. This study is carried out to formulate cimetidine in a stable topical preparation.The in vitro release of cimetidine from different semisolid bases was studied utilizing: o/w emulsion base A and B, sodium carboxymethylcellulose gel, and w/o emulsion base. The results showed that the best release was obtained from the o/w emulsion base B (i.e. cream base); hence it was selected for extensive studies.The effect of cimetidine concentration on its diffusion through excised mouse skin was also investigated and the data showed an increase in the diffusion rate with increasing cimetidine concentration using cream base. The study also involved the diffusion of the drug from cimetidine 10% w/w cream base through excised mouse skin with different penetration enhancers utilizing: sodium lauryl sulphate, propylene glycol, xanthan gum, oleic acid, methyl salicylate, urea, and PEG1000. The study showed that 3% w/w sodium lauryl sulphate had a very highly significant effect on the diffusion rate of cimetidine. The study also showed that the temperature and the storage period led to a decrease in the diffusion rate, increase in the viscosity of cimetidine 10%w/w cream formula and a little change in the pH. The use of EDTA disodium 1.0%w/w as a stabilizer gave a more stable formula for cimetidine 10% w/w cream formula where the expiration date was 4.09 years compared to 2.74 years when using 1.0%w/w dl – α tocopherol as an antioxidant, and 1.35 years for the blank formula (i.e. formula free from antioxidant and stabilizer).Preliminary clinical study was performed among fifteen patients, ten with warts, and five with adrenal androgenic female – pattern alopecia. The results indicated that 80% of patients with warts gave positive response, while, 40% of patients with adrenal androgenic female – pattern alopecia gave positive response.
Comparison Between Two NSAIDs (Non selective & selective COX-2 Inhibitor) According to their Renal Toxicity on Elderly People
Authors: Hadi Haydar F.
Published: April 2022

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widly used all over the world for different rheumatic musculoskeletal disorders. Like any other chemical compounds, they have different side effects like renal toxicity that becomes very serious when used for long time especially from elderly people whose already have a reduced renal function or those This with renal or cardiac problems that may increase the incidence of such toxicity.

study focusing on this point, by comparing between 2 NSAIDs, a non selective-COX inhibitor (Indomethacin) and selective COX-2 inhibitor (Meloxicam) according to their renal toxicity on elderly patients, depending on changes in values of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (S. Cr.) & serum potassium (S. K+) concentrations as parameters of such toxicity. In another way we investigate whether the renal or cardiac problems will increase such toxicity of NSAIDs on elderly patients or not.The study involved 80 elderly patients, healthy and with renal or cardiac problems, selected from rheumatologic outpatient clinic and given one of the 2 NSAIDs as adrug of choice for their present complaints for a period of 15 days.It was clearly appeared from results, that both NSAIDs couse similar extent of renal side effects and the presence of renal and/or cardiac problems could increase the susceptibility of such toxicity especially renal impairment & renal hypertension.
The effect of different concentrations of surface active agent on the absorption of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim from rabbit ileum
Authors: Abdul ridha Manal khalid
Published: April 2022

A combination of sulphamethoxazol SMX and trimethoprim TMP is widly used in the treatment of various systemic infections . This investigation was carried out to see the effect of increasing concentration of surface active agents ( SAA ) used in suspensions on the absorption of both drugs from isolated rabbit ileum . The study was carried out at PH 7.4 and at 37°C . The SAA chosen were tween 80, sodium laurylsulphate ( SLS ), polyethylene glycole ( PEG400 ), and PEG4000 at a concentrations of 0.1%w/v , 1%w/v, 2%w/v and 15% w/v (Note : 15% was chosen for the purpose of the investigation not as a concentration for formulation ). It was found that the absorption of both drugs decreased as a function of increasing the concentration of the different SAA.
Study of Some Biochemical Parameters in Patients of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)
Authors: Mohammed Haethem Qassim
Published: April 2022

Twenty five samples were collected from patients with chronic lymphoid leukaemia (CLL) before chemotherapy and after chemotherapy in national center of haematology from the period began at February till the end November 2004.The diagnosis was established depending on clinical and hematological findings and immunopheno typing performed by immunofloure scence technige(fluorescent microscopy) the 25 cases of CLL patients included in this study had mean age of 50.46+- 9.34 years and no case below the age of 40 years.The study evaluated the liver function ,the abnormalities in liver function and hepatotoxicty in the patients as result of chemotherapy,devation in glutamate oxalo acetate transaminase (GOT) ,Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in 100% of patients also elevated of total serum bilirubin (TSB) inpatients but mild elevation in alkalin phosphates (ALT).
Evaluation of testosterone and prolactin hormones levels in erectile dysfunction patients after single oral dose of Tadalafil
Authors: Abed Hayder Hamed
Published: April 2022

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as a consistent inability to sustain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. Tadalafil is a selective, reversible inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). When sexual stimulation causes the local release of nitric oxide, inhibition of PDE5 by tadalafil produces increased levels of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum. This results in smooth muscle relaxation and inflow of blood into the penile tissues, thereby producing an erection.Tadalafil has no effect in the absence of sexual stimulation. Erection dysfunction could attribute abnormal levels of testosterone and prolactin levels.

Twenty Iraqi patients with different levels of ED were considered in this study treated with 20 mg. of tadalafil coated tablets. All patients considered in this study have been get erection after treatments with tadalafil. Prolactin and testosterone has been determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The evaluatedresults indicated significant decrease for prolactin (p<0.01) and significant elevation for the testosterone (p<o.ooo1). The ratio of prolactin/ testosteronewas increased after treatments.In conclusion: prolactin and testosterone hormonal levels must be considered with tadalafil treatments. Tadalafil must be not described to patients with abnormal levels of these hormones. Patients with testosterone and prolactin abnormalities need to take advice from the endocrinologist before use tadalafilwith monitoring of prolactin and testosterone levels.
A New Formulation of 99mTc-Macroagreggated Albumin (MAA) Freeze-dried Kit for Lungs Scintigraphy
Authors: Jabbar Alaa K. , Al-shami Adeeb Abass , Abdulkarim Husham M.
Published: April 2022

A new formulation of macro aggregated albumin (MAA) to be labeled with 99mTc was prepared by a simple and fast method. The suspension of macroagreggated albumin was prepared by diluting 0.4ml human serum albumin (200mg/ml) with normal saline (sterilized and pyrogen free) Concentratedhydrochloric acid was added to denature the protein and this step was followed by the addition of tin in the form of stannite . 3.5ml of polyethylene glycol(PEG) (1mg/ml) was also added to act as antiagglomerating agent. The pH was adjusted to 5.2 with NaOH and the suspension was heated with continuousstirring to get aggregation The vials contents were allowed to react with 99mTc and high radiochemical purity was obtained (greater than 95%) after 15min. 99mTc-MAA was stable for at least six hours.The organ distribution data in mice showed that more than 93.0% of the injected dose has accumulated in the lungs with a negligible amount of radioactivity to be detected in the non target organs.The size distribution data showed that 80.0% of the particles occur in the range of 10—80μm. The freeze-dried preparation of Sn-MAA kits (sterile and pyrogen free) were stable for at least 170 day.
The prevalence of Schistosomiasis among children of primary Schools in Balad –Rooz
Authors: Salman Shihab Ahmed , AL-Obaidy Mohammed J. , Al-Azzauy Ahmed A. M. , A. Hussain Abdel Razak , Abraham Khawla , Adnan Tamara , Akram Estbrak , Talal. Lina
Published: April 2022

Balad –Rooz is considered as one of the endemic foci of Schistosomiasisin Iraq.A survey was performed during the first three months of 2002 in fewprimary schools in Balad –Rooz to assess the prevalence among them.
Colorimetric Determination of Some Drugs Containing Phenolic Group Using 3-Methyl -2- Benzothiazolinon Hydra zone Hydrochloride (MBTH)
Authors: Mubarak Sami Ibrahim
Published: April 2022

A simple, rapid, sensitive and suitable method for analysis of A methyldopa(I), levodopa (II) andcarbidopa (III) either in pure from or in pharmaceutical formulations is described. The proposed method is based on an oxidative coupling reaction with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinon hydra zone hydrochloride (MBTH) in the presence of an oxidant (Ce+4 or Fe+3) to give colored species. The resulting colors are well developed within 5 minutes at 20 ± 5°C andstable for at least 2 hours. The λmax were 517, 477 and 474 nm for I, II, both III and IV respectively. A linear correlation was found between the absorbance and the concentration. Beer's law was obeyed for concentration ranges from 1-7 mg/ml, 1- 11 mg/ml, 1-8 mg/ml and 2-24 mg/ml for I, II, III and IV, respectively. The molar absorptiveness and was calculated. The results of analysis of pure drugs by the proposed method are in good agreement with the official BP and USP methods. The results obtained showed recoveries of 99.80 ± 0.27, 100.40 ± 1.26, 99.89 ±0.21 and 99.96 ± 0.36 for I, II, III and IV, in order. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Formulation of Melatonin as a Cream and Studying the Release, Diffusion, and Stability of the Cream
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Mahmood , Hamadi Salim Abas , Aljaf Ashwaq Nejmelden
Published: April 2022

The topical preparations are used to give localized effects at the site of their application by penetration of the drug into the underlying layers of the skin, mucous membranes, the cornea of the eye, nasal, rectal, vaginal or urethral mucosa. While some topical preparations are designed for the systemic absorption of drug substances in therapeutic quantities, like the transdermal drug delivery system.Melatonin is a hormone with multiple functions in human, synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland in response to changes in the darkness and lightenvironment of the human. It is a powerful antioxidant and the most potent free radical scavenger known.Formulation of melatonin as a cream and studying the release and diffusion of the drug from this formula. Also evaluation the effect of temperature & storage time on the stability of melatonin in the prepared cream.Preparation of the cream base using the general method employed for the preparation of the various ointments, cream and gel bases, the fusion method.Then determination the in vitro release and diffusion of melatonin from the cream, also determination the stability of melatonin in the cream formula including the expiration date, Physical Properties, and pH of the cream.The release was increased with time, and after 6 hours, the amount of melatonin released was approximately 16.4% of the original amount of the drug, the. After 6 hours, the amount of melatonin diffused through mouse skin was 4.1% of the original amount of the drug. Arrhenius plot was utilized to predict the degradation rate constant and then the expiration date was 1.997 years. No change in the color and odor of the cream which stored at 50oC, 60oC and 70oCin a well-closed container and protected from light. Cream pH of the final product was 8.4 and after the storage period (45 days), the pH was around 8.2.The overall results of this study suggested that the prepared melatonin cream exerts its effects locally more than in a systemic way, which may increases itseffectiveness in treatment of different skin pathological conditions locally, in the future work.

In the future; it is possible to use different bases and chose the suitable one according to the study results, also enhancers, preservatives, and co-solvents could be used.
Heat generation with the use of LED curing device
Authors: Salih Shatha Abdullah
Published: April 2022

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate heat generation with the use of LED curing device externally (on the outer surface of the tooth)& internally (inside the pulp chamber), in compares with plasma arc & conventional curing device Materials & Methods: On the buccal and palatal surface of fifteen upper extracted premolar teeth a standardized class V cavity was prepared, the teeth were randomly divided into three groups according to the cure mode, group I cured with DentSuply (Conventional cure unit QTH), group II cured with Radii (LED cure unit) and group III cured with Flipe .( Plasma arc cure unit) .

Each group consist of 5teeth (10 cavities), and filled with (micro-hybrid resin composite), before light curing of the composite resin a thermocouple was inserted into the pulp chamber .A second thermocouple was attached on the surface of the tooth; the other end of the thermocouple was connected with anelectrical thermometer. Two reading of temperature increasing were measured. Then the difference between the initial and final temperature was recordedexternally and internally.Results: Statistical analysis of the results revealed that the LED light curing unit had the least increase in the temperature with a significant difference (P<0.001)when it was compared with plasma arc curing device externally & internally. In spite of statistically a significant difference between LED & conventional curingdevice externally (P<0.001) and the lower temperature mean was found with LED internally, no significant difference between LED & conventional curingdevice internally.Conclusion :LED light curing unit had the least increase in the temperature at the outer surface of the tooth and inside the pulp chamber.
Estimation of Selenium Level in Serum of Iraqi Thalassemic Patients After Ferritin Assay
Authors: Al-Khazraji Sundus Kh.
Published: April 2022

Background: Selenium, a trace element with antioxidant properties, decreased in patients with blood disorders.Objective: To see if blood transfusion in those patients with thalassemia corrects the level of selenium in their blood.Materials & Methods: Seventeen patients enrolled in this small study, ten of them females and seven were males, their ages were ranged from 1.5-73 years.Ferritin and selenium levels were estimated using Mini-Vidas and atomic absorption technique respectively.Results: Decreased selenium level in both non-bloods transfused (0.33±0.17ppm) and blood transfused patients (0.30±0.24ppm) show no effect of blood transfusion on the level of this trace element.

Conclusion: Selenium supplement is the only way to elevate the level of this element in the body with some precautions of selenium toxicity. Further studieson this subject are recommended.
Partial protection of verapamil against gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Al-Kaaby Khulood S. , Arif Saad M. , Al-Sheriff Hussain Ahmed
Published: April 2022

A number of male rats (40) were used to test the protective efficacy of verapamil a calcium channel blocker (CCB) against gentamicin nephrotoxicity.They were divided into four groups: group-1 control, giving only water, group- 2, they were administered gentamicin IP 80 mg/Kg, group-3, administeredverapamil orally 10 mg/Kg and group-4 administered gentamicin and verapamil at the same time. The period of study was 10 days.Nephrotoxicity was induced by using gentamicin for 7 days; this was evidenced by marked elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) andplasma creatinine (Pcr) when compared with control. BUN increased from 20±1.4 to 205±7 and Pcr from 0.75±0.08 to 4.2±0.3 mg/100 ml). Coadministration of verapamil with gentamicin decreased the rise in BUN and Pcr, their values reached to 90±13 and 1.5±0.9 mg/100 ml respectively.Our data suggest that supplementation of verapamil decreased the severity of acute renal failure (ARF) in rats, this supports previous studies in which CCBs offer renoprotection in ARF, the exact mechanism of this protection need further study.
The Effect of Banana Skin on the Bacterial Infections of the Chronic Gingivitis Patients
Authors: Muhy Aldean Azhar A. , Al-Jumaily Essam F. , Al-Safar Muntaha A.
Published: April 2022

One hundred samples (63% females, 37% males) from periodontal patients. Clinical and bacterial examinations were done. More than 4 different genuses of bacteria were present in these infection Bacteroides spp, Fusobacterium spp were most frequently isolated followed by Streptococcus spp. Pigmented bacilli and non spore forming bacilli which was present in few cases.These results are showed that the gingiva tend to retarn more normaly in group of patients using 3-4 times daily by rubbing the gingiva all round with the inner surface of banana skin until all the strap is finished. The aqueous extraction of banana skin show very effective against aerobic and anaerobic isolated from periodontal diseases
Comparative Study Between Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin and Zinc in Lead induced Toxicity in Rats
Authors: Alabbassi Mustafa Ghazi , Ibraheem Mustafa M. , Ibrahim Mohammed A.
Published: April 2022

The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of melatonin as well as zinc in combination or each one alone against the hepatic and renal toxicity of lead in male rats.Five groups of animals were allocated as follows: Group I, includes 12 rats injected subcutaneously with 0.2 ml physiological saline for 60 days; groups II and III, each includes 12 rats, injected with lead acetate 100 mg/kg/day s.c for 30 days, followed by treatment with intraperotoneal injection of physiological saline (0.2 ml) or melatonin 30mg/kg/day for the next 30 days. Group IV, include 12 rats, injected with lead acetate 100 mg/kg/day s.c for 30 days, followed by treatment with intraperotoneal injection of zinc sulphate 1.5 mg/kg/day for the next 30 days. Group V, includes 12 rats injected with 100mg/kg lead acetate s.c for 30 days followed by treatment with intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg/day melatonin and 1.5mg/kg/day zinc sulphate for the latter 30 days. At the end of treatment period, the rats were sacrificed by an overdose (100mg/kg) of thiopental (twenty-four hour after the last injection).Laparotomies were performed to obtain the livers and kidneys for the assessment of tissue damage. Oxidative stress parameter (MDA), hemoglobin content, liver and renal functions, and histological appearance of the studied organs were evaluated and compared with that of negative and positive controls.Treatment with melatonin or zinc reverses the damage induced by lead in many organs and tissues through the reduction of MDA levels in RBCs, liver and kidneys; in addition to the improvement in the indices of the functions of the organs studied.These findings demonstrated that addition of zinc to melatonin are capable of further reversing damage of rat tissues caused by successive doses of lead acetate, and animals had restored their organ functions due to combined treatment.
Effects of Low Doses of Captopril or Losartan in Improving Glycemic Control by Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Type 2 DM Patients
Authors: Mohammed Nesren Shaban , Al-Karwi Esam Noori , Numan Ahmed Tariq , Hussain Saad Abdul-Rehman
Published: April 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.Cross-talk between the rennin-angiotensin system (RAS) and insulin signaling has been demonstrated. The rennin angiotensin system (RAS) may regulatepancreatic islet blood flow, oxygen tension, and islet (pro) insulin biosynthesis.The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of low doses captopril and losartan, as adjunct treatment in uncontrolled type 2 DM patients treated with oral hypoglycemic agents alone.This double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 75 patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus; they are randomized into three groups:Group A: includes (25) patients treated with placebo formula containing lactose only in addition to glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) for 4 months; group B: includes(25) patients treated with 12.5 mg captopril given once daily at bed time, for 4 months; group C: includes (25) patients treated with 25 mg losartan given as asingle daily dose at bed time for 4 months; all patients take the test drugs in addition to the routinely administered oral hypoglycemic drug (glibenclamide 10mg/kg). After 12 hours fasting, blood samples were collected from all patients to measure fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Cpeptide, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), serum urea and creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamine transferees (GGT), and urine samples were obtained for assessment ofmicroalbuminuria (MAU), before starting drug treatment (as zero time sample) and then after 4 months of treatment to follow the changes in the studiedparameters.Adjuvant use of low doses of captopril or losartan with the currently used oral hypoglycemic agents (glibenclamide) results in significant reduction in FPG and HbA1c levels associated with increase in C-peptide level compared to those treated with the oral hypoglycemic agents and placebo; additionally, lipid profile, MAU, renal and liver functions were significantly improved after 4 months of treatment.Inhibition of RAS by ACEIs or AT1 antagonists (ARBs) increases insulin sensitivity and improves insulin secretion, where treatment of poorly controlled type 2 DM patients with captopril or losartan resulted in improving the response of target tissues to glibenclamide.
Protective Effect of Nigella sativa Oil against CCl4-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Ahmed Zheen Aorahman
Published: April 2022

The role of Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) (NS) was investigated in the prevention of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity.Twenty four Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into four groups (6 rats each), first and second groups received either 2m/kg normal saline or 10 ml/kg/day NS oil for seven days and sacrificed at day 8 with diethyl ether; third and fourth groups received either 2ml/kg normal saline or 10 ml/kg/day NS oil for seven days for 7 days, and on day 7 they received 2ml/kg CCL4 (1:1v/v mixture of CCL4 99% and corn oil )1 hour prior to the last dose, then sacrificed with diethyl ether on day eight. Blood samples were obtained from the hearts to prepare serum for estimation of bilirubin, activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Liver tissue homogenate was prepared and used for estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), and liver tissue sections were prepared for histological examinations.The results indicated that NS oil decreased significantly the elevated serum levels of liver enzymes and improve the state of oxidative stress induced by CCl4.In conclusion, NS oil protects rats against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.
Effect of Cottonseed Extracts on Haematological Parameters of Albino Male Mice
Authors: Ali Inaam Noori , Al-Obaidi Sabah A.R. , M-R. Fakhrildin Muhammad Baqir
Published: April 2022

The objectives of the present study are to determine the effect of different concentrations of aqueous and oil extracts of cottonseed on haematological parameters. Groups of male mice were orally administered aqueous extract [20mg/kg/l day (G2) and 40 mg/kg/day (G3)] and other groups were administeredoil extract [20% (G5) and 40% (G6)] for six weeks.

The results showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) reduction in Hb values for mice treated with 20% and 40% oil extract as compared to the control.Also, significant (P<0.05) reduction in the percentage of PCV were noticed for both concentrations of extracts as compared to the control groups. While non significant (P>0.05) differences were shown in RBC and WBC count among G5and G6 as compared to G4. Significant (P<0.05) increment in the platelet count was shown in G2, G3, G5 and G6 as compared to the control. Differential leukocyte analysis showed that a significant (P<0.05) reduction was observed inthe percentage of lymphocyte and significantly (P<0.05) increase neutrophils in G2 and G3 as compared with G1 and in G6 as compared to G4. While,monocytes (%) were significantly (P<0.05) decrease in G5 and G6 as compared to G4. However, 40mg/kg/day aqueous extract dose demonstrated a significant(P<0.05) increment in the percentage of eosinophil and basophile cells as compared to G1.
A Study of Antibacterial Activity of Cidar (Zizyphus spinachristi L.) on Bacterial Pathogens isolated from Skin Infections
Authors: Al-Bayatti Khalid K. , Aziz Fitua, M. , Abdalah Mayssaa E.
Published: April 2022

Zizyphus spina-christi is a scientific name of a plant where its common name is Nabaq in Iraq. All parts of this plant are used by local Arab people to help maintain a healthy lifestyle. In this report, it was found that the aqueous and methanolic extracts of leaves and seeds of Zizyphus spina-christi has inhibitoryeffects at various concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/ml) against five bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , E. coli , Acinetobacter spp. ,and Enterococcus spp. isolated from skin lesions. The 25 mg/ml concentration had no effects at all on all bacterial species tested. Thehighest activity (17.67 mm) recorded was for leaves aqueous extract against Staphylococcus aureus, while the lowest activity ( 7.33 mm ) was obtained forleaves aqueous extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaves aqueous and methanolic extracts had better antimicrobial activities than seed equeous and methanolic extracts. Our results support, at least in part, the use of all parts of Zizyphus spina-christi plant as a natural antimicrobial agent in developing new drugs for treating infectious diseases in human.
Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESβL) and Klebocin Production from Klebsiella pneumoniae Local Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Kandela Nuha J.
Published: April 2022

Ten isolates of Kebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from urine samples collected from patient suffering from UTI obtained from Education Labs / medicalcity, and Re identification according to the biochemical tests and confirmatory by Api 20 E test. Sensitivity of isolates was tested against 23 Antibiotics, resultsrevealed that isolates showed multi resistance to antibiotics ranging between (7-19) antibiotics, and all isolates of K.pneumoniae were resistant 100% to Ampicillin, Cephalexin, Amoxicillin, ,Penicillin ,Tetracyclin, Gentamycin and Amikacin, in addition the isolates showed high resistance to third generation of cephalosporines included (60)% resistance to ceftazidime and (80)% resistance to cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone . Imipenem and azteronem was found to be the most effective agents against the isolates.Detection of Beta–Lactamase by using rapid standard Iodometric assay and capillary tubes method, showed that 50% (5 isolates) of K.pneumoniae were Blactamase producing All β- lactamase- producing K.pneumoniae isolates were also tested for their ability to produce Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs), screening and confirmatory tests recommended by NCCLS it considered the most accurate method for detection of ESBL- producing isolates.

Determination the MICs of ESBL-producer isolates against some β-lactam antibiotics showed that five ESBL-producing K.pneumoniae isolates was highlyresistant for both ampicillin and amoxicillin. They was also resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone high MIC results from (32to >128) (32to>256)(32to>128) μg/ml respectively.Results of detection of klebocin production by klebsiella isolates showed that 20 % of them were klebocin-producers against some indicator isolates of G- andG+ bacteria.Patterns of plasmid was studies of selected isolate K. pneumoniae 6, showed its harbor two plasmid bands different in size and position.Attempts to cure plasmids was unsuccessful from the selected ESBLs and klebsin producer isolate ( K.pneumoniase 6 ), in concentration ranged from (10-100) μg/ml when we used mitomycin – C.Results of conjugation experiment revealed that genes encoding for the production of BLs, and resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime,ceftraxione and ceftazidime, were located on plasmids.
Developing e-Learning Process Network (EPN) Prototype Using ADDIE Model for College Of Pharmacy University Of Mustansiriya
Authors: Qasim Hussein Salem , Jameel Talal Talib , Khdier Saadi abas , Mahdi Tareq Nasser
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to employee information technology to nhance learning in college of pharmacy using e-learning, in recent years, information technology has played an important role in the business field. Elearning has gained a significant popularity and it is expected to continue in the future. E-learning is a multi-dimensional activity where each dimension should be adequately supported by an E-learning system to provide a fruitful learningexperience to its users. This research introduces an E-Learning Process Network (EPN) prototype by providing College of pharmacy/university of Mustansiriyastudents with the necessary information and helps them reduce and manage the time by using Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation(ADDIE) model, after the system has been developed; it was tested by running the system. The user evaluation of the prototype was conducted on seventeen respondents (11 male, 6 female); each of them was given brief explanation regarding the usage and the user interface of the prototype. The questionnairewas adapted, covers two dimensions: usefulness and ease to use prototype, question in the dimension has a rate from 1 to 5, the Statistical Package forSocial Sciences (SPSS) version 1.3 is used to perform descriptive statistics analysis for the collected data ,the result for every dimension is higher than 4.00.
Promoting Critical Thinking Ability for High School Students through Debating Activities
Authors: Yến Trần , Tran Thi Minh Hang
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, critical thinking ability is one of the most important skills in the 21st century; however, not many high school students have a good critical thinking ability in English. Therefore, the aim of the research is to improve the critical thinking ability of high school students by organizing activities for students to debate in English. The specific objectives are to investigate the current situation of critical thinking ability among high school students as well as organize activities for students to debate and then evaluate the impacts of debating activities on their critical thinking ability. To conduct the study, a mixed-method research design, which combines qualitative methods and quantitative methods, was used along with the survey. There was 16 grade 10 students from CTN Debate Club at Thai Nguyen Specialized High School, Vietnam, who volunteered to take part in the research. All of these students were required to take part in speaking pre-test and post-test as well as pre and post-questionnaire about their opinions of using debating activities. The results show that using debating activities played a significant role in improving and enhancing the critical thinking ability of high school students. Students’ feedback concerning the use of debating activities are, in general, also quite optimistic. Besides, the research proposes some suggestions for minimizing the drawbacks of using debating activities to enhance the potentiality of this method and make it more interesting, meaningful and effective.
PENDAMPINGAN PENENTUAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI PADA HOME INDUSTRY SUMBER AGUNG DI PETORAN JEBRES SURAKARTA
Authors: SW Suprihatmi , Susanti Retno , Darmastuti Oktavia
Published: April 2022

tempe chips are the product of Sumber Agung Home Industry. This business is a hereditary effort in order to strengthen the family economy. Tempe chips are a product that is liked by the community, besides being delicious, nutritious, affordable prices are also easy to obtain.
This housing business is widely cultivated, in addition to materials that are around the business location, the production process is relatively simple, the capital is not large, the market share is wide open. So it is not surprising that in the development of the Sumber Agung Home Industry, it faces competition, especially in product marketing. This is because in determining the selling price of Sumber Agung, it should be based on the cost of production which is calculated accurately. This has not been able to be done. So far, Sumber Agung has not carried out the process of making the cost of production in business.
The FE Unisri Service Team tries to provide assistance in making production prices so that Sumber Agung can set an accurate selling price so that they can compete in selling products. With the determination of the cost of production, Sumber Agung can always develop real expenditures from its production costs in the form of: raw material costs, auxiliary materials, labor costs and factory overhead costs.