bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of High Surface Area Nano Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Ahmed Dalya Jasim Ahmed , Al-abdaly Basim Ibrahim , Hussein Sattar Jalil
Published: December 2021

TiO2 and TiO2-Al2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized via sol-gel method using hydrolysis of Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) with ethanol and water mixture as titania source. TiO2-Al2O3 Nano-composite was successfully synthesized using the sol-gel technique. Tetraisopropoxide and aluminium isopropoxide were used to prepare TiO2-Al2O3. All prepared samples calcination were conducted at different temperature (400 to 700) oC. The synthesized TiO2 and TiO2-Al2O3 nanocomposites were then characterized by XRD, AFM, BET surface area, SEM, XRF. XRD, the analysis showed that the presence of alumina (Al2O3) in the TiO2 has an effect on crystal size, particles size, surface area, and crystal phases; The XRD result revealed that the prepared TiO2 nanoparticles were anatase phase at 400oC, and 500oC, and transformed to rutile from 600oC to 700oC, but after addition of alumina TiO2 was of anatase phase, without any rutile at all calcination temperatures, also, the addition of alumina leads to a significant decrease in the crystal size, particles size, especially at high temperatures while the surface area of pure titanium was increased, and this corresponds to the results of the AFM and SEM. The best-obtained surface area was 355.18 m2/ gm. with 34.98 nm of average particle size at 500oC in comparison with pure nano titanium dioxide
Direito em foco: perspectivas históricas e outras abordagens
Authors: Rodrigues Jessé Lindoso , Mateus Yuri Givago Alhadef Sampaio , Fonseca Lucas Serra Borba , Mateus Natasha Nickolly Alhadef Sampaio
Published: December 2021

A obra “Direito em foco: História e outras abordagens” teve por finalidade dar visibilidade para o debate em torno do Direito e a sua História, isto é, busca-se discutir questões relacionas ao Direito e a sua História, desde as análises de legislações antigas até as atuais, bem como o direito consuetudinários, constituições, obras jurídicas, sentenças judiciais, códigos criminais, que auxiliem na compreensão do processo de transformações nas relações sociopolíticas das civilizações humanas ao longo da história, sob ótica jurídica. Em relação às outras abordagens, busca-se trabalhos que tratem do Direito Constitucional, Direito Administrativo, Direito Civil, Direito Processual, Direito Penal, Direito do Trabalho, Direito Tributário, Direitos Humanos, Direito Ambiental, Direito Privado, Direito Público, Direito Ambiental, Direito Financeiro, Direito Internacional (Público e Privado), Direito Eleitoral, Direito Médico, Direito Digital, Direito e Educação etc. Serão aceitos trabalhos que versem sobre o Direito enquanto um ramo das Ciências Sociais, sob a perspectiva de qualquer área do conhecimento, ou seja, abordagens interdisciplinares, de pesquisas oriundas de monografias, dissertações, teses, grupos de pesquisas etc. Este livro é composto de quinze capítulos com autores e autoras de diversas partes do Brasil e pesquisadores/as vinculados a instituições estrangeiras
Miller Fisher syndrome after hiv infection ( case report and literature review )
Authors: Hussein Mohamad Ali , Correia Bruna Pereira , Camargo Leonardo Valente de , Cury Vinicius Aldo , Passos Juliana , Fores Gustavo Mafei
Published: December 2021

Context: Guillain-Barré syndrome is a polyradiculoneuropathy of heterogeneous manifestations, necessarily presenting progressive appendicular weakness of variable intensity associated with reduction or abolition of deep reflexes. One of its variants is known as Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS), characterized by ophthalmoparesis, ataxy and areflexia. It usually has, by etiology, immunomediated reactions induced by acute infections, including HIV. Objectives: This report aims to describe a case of MFS with concomitants HIV infection, attended in a tertiary hospital in northern Paraná and compared it with the literature. [1,7] Case report: A 27-year-old white male patient who presented binocular diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, generalized hypotonia, myasfasciculations, sensory ataxia and arreflexia, with a score on the Medical Research Council (MRC) muscle strength scale of 54 points. Treatment with empirical intravenous human immunoglobulina ( IVIG ) was performed pending the result of serologies for etiological screening. He was discharged after eleven days of hospitalization with partial symptomatic improvement and results indicative of acute HIV infection. We compared this case with those described in the published literature Discussion: We compared this case with those described in the published literature and given the low incidence found in the literature of patients with the stage of HIV viremia and the opening of the picture of SMF, the concrete pathophysiology itself is still unknown. The mechanism, however, in which the literature proposes in two theories: (1) an autoimmune action against myelin due to abnormal immunoregulation by HIV; (2) direct action of neurotropic strains of HIV-1. [2.3] Our literature review shows that since 1995, cases of associated guillain barré syndrome have already been reported in the course of HIV viremia. Treatment with immunoglobulin at a dose of 400mg / kg / day for 5 days was done and the symptoms improved. [1,4,6,7] Conclusion: It is exposed, then, a case of HIV-induced MFS whose relationship has consistency, temporality, biological plausibility, coherence and analogy compatible with current literature.
Neural factors that define religiosity: neurophysiological distinction between the individual with religious and non-religious beliefs
Authors: Pontes Maria Cibele Lima , Diógenes Vinícius Romeu Beserra , Rodrigues Natália Carolina Medeiros do Nascimento , Vasconcelos Ellen de Fátima Lima , Queiroz Maria Carolina Othon de , Miranda Adrielle de Paula , Pacheco Beatriz Ferreira Pereira , Nóbrega Katiane Fernandes
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Religiosity and mystical experiences accompany society throughout history, integrating its identity formation. Neuroscience unveils neural correlations, maps the areas involved and activity patterns, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is applied to detect variations in activation of neural activity. Objectives: Thus, the objective is to understand the neurophysiological differences between individuals who experience religiosity and the mystical experiences of those without, through the fMRI. Methods: This literature review, collected data in April/2021 on Medline, Pubmed and Science Direct. The descriptors used, after consulting the MeSH, consisted of “neural correlates of religious”, “mystical experience” and “functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)”. Were found 227 articles, after applying the exclusion criteria and fully reading of the abstract, the sample included 6 articles in English, from the last 10 years, available in full text, 2 Medline, 3 Pubmed and 1 Science Direct. Results: The consensus was reached that religiosity can be grounded by neural factors, by applying fMRI to identify patterns of activation of brain regions during mystical experience, although one of the articles refutes these relationships. Correlations are cited by regions: frontal and temporal - emphasis on the dorsolateral and medial/superior prefrontal cortex and bilateral lower parietal lobes, as promoters or impeders of the religious profile in individuals, due to the negative regulation due to lack of excitement, injuries or structural changes. Conclusions: It is concluded that the neurophysiological findings were able to detect patterns that can serve as eligibility criteria between believing and non- believing individuals, which makes their subsequent application feasible for better clarification and neural distinction.
Miller-Fisher syndrome after COVID-19 (Case report and literature review)
Authors: Cury Vinicius Aldo , Correia Bruna Pereira , Camargo Leonardo Valente de , Passos Juliana , Fores Gustavo Mafei , Santos Rafael Rodrigues Pinheiro Dos , Petrus Fernanda Queiroz
Published: December 2021

Background: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can cause COVID-19, which mainly affects the respiratory system. However, neurological complications are frequent, including the group of acquired immune-mediated demyelinating neuropathies (NDAI), including Miller-Fisher syndrome (SMF), characterized by the triad of ophthalmoparesis, ataxia and areflexia. Infection with C. jejuni is the main precipitant of NDAI, but viruses are also related. Objectives: This report aims to describe a case of SMF with concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection, seen at a tertiary hospital in Northern Paraná and to compare it with the literature. Design and setting: case report of a patient at the hospital neurology service of the Evangelical Hospital, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Methods: Report a case of SMF right after confirmation of COVID-19 seen at a tertiary hospital in Northern Paraná and compare it with the literature. Results: Male, 70 years old, white, evolved with progressive and symmetrical crural paraparesis 17 days after confirmation of COVID-19. Upon admission, he presented ataxia, paraesthesia, and crural myotactic areflexia with no signs of pyramidal release, and a score on the Medical Research Council (MRC) muscle strength scale of 58 points. Analysis of CSF with albumin-cytological dissociation. Treatment was performed with intravenous human immunoglobulin (IVIG) and discharged after six days of hospitalization with partial symptomatic improvement. We compared this case with those described in the published literature. Not found Brazilian case published to date. Conclusion: Rare case report of SMF by SARS-CoV-2. The relationship has consistency, temporality, biological plausibility, coherence and analogy compatible with the current literature. Studies with a higher level of evidence are needed to determine the strength of such an association.
Rates of hospitalizations for epilepsy in children between 2014 and 2020 in Bahia
Authors: Gois Maria Grasiele dos Anjos , Guitzel Laura Magalhães , Lins Layne Nunes , Barreto Thaís Lima , Fonseca Daniele Santos , Muniz Camila Osterne , Mucci Marina Behne , Fernandes Bruna Araújo , Oliveira Beatriz Murta Melo , Paiva Raquel Rebouças , Amorim Gardênia Ellen Almeida de , Oliveira Emanuelle de Lima , Martins Talita Tourinho Barbosa , Oliveira Cinthia Nascimento , Sena Paula Fonseca de , Paz Larissa Neves da , Machado Thaís Mudadu Carmona , Lima Diana Castro de Jesus , Silva Júnior Wilson da
Published: December 2021

Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by abnormal and excessive electrical discharges in the brain, with the occurrence of two or more seizures during 12 months, without causing fever, traumatic brain injury, hydroelectrolytic alteration or concomitant disease. Knowing the panorama of hospitalizations makes it possible to manage and direct resources in order to adapt to the needs of the age group. Objectives: Compare the age groups in relation to the number of hospitalizations for Epilepsy in Bahia between 2014 and 2020. Methods: Work carried out based on secondary data through public consultation to the DataSUS platform, through the Hospital Production System of the Unified Health System (SIH- SUS). All cases of hospitalization for epilepsy in children between January 2014 and December 2020, in the state of Bahia, were included. Results: The age group that presented the highest rate of hospitalization was 1-4 years old with an average of 39.49%, followed by the age group between 5-9 years old with 20.16%, in addition to those younger than 1 year old with 16, 70%, with the age groups between 10-14 years old and 15-19 being the last with 13.65% and 10% respectively. Conclusions: It is observed that there is a higher incidence rate of hospitalizations in children under 9 years of age, explained by the high rate of epilepsy that evolve, most of the time, with the disappearance in adolescence, elucidating the lowest rates in the age group over 10 years.
The impact of genetic polymorphism in pain mechanisms
Authors: Fabri Júlia Campos , Granato Maria Julia Filgueiras , Rezende Maria Clara Lopes , Oliveira Maria Luiza Franco de , Cruz Leandro de Souza
Published: December 2021

Background:Variations in genes codifying target structures in the nociceptive pathway can result in pain attenuation or increase.Objective:Investigate the genetic polymorphism influence in the individual pain threshold. Methods: Search on PubMed with the terms “genetic”, “pain” and its synonyms published in the last 10 years. Results:The subjective and individual mechanisms of pain aren’t completely understood, but genetic susceptibility is one of the hypothesis to explain these differences.The KCNK18 gene influences the synaptic transmission by producing potassium channel protein that equalizes resting membrane potential, calcineurin activated and inhibited by arachidonic acid. This gene was found more frequently in migraine individuals. The COMT gene increase the sensibility to pain by met-enkephalins reduction and/or catecholamine elevation. Its activity’s reduced in fibromyalgia patients. However, the OPRM1 gene, an opioid receptor, was found in individuals with a higher pain threshold.Furthermore, studies with human cell culture shows the analgesic role of the gene A118G, by its greater binding affinity for β-endorphin.It is associated with more effective endorphinergic endogenous pain inhibition. Conclusion:Researches indicates a striking participation of genetic polymorphism in pain mechanisms. The knowledge about genetic variables on pain perception can contribute to the development of individualized analgesic protocols and therapeutic strategies, accordantly to the patient genetic profile. This evolution becomes fundamental in a population that tend to the indiscriminate use of analgesics.
One-dimensional uncertainty analysis in two-dimensional space pattern detection task: computational and human vision
Authors: Rocha João Gabriel de Oliveira Mendes da , Mendes Thais Sousa , Scherer Rafael , Teixeira Cláudio Eduardo Corrêa
Published: December 2021

Background: It is important to have a critical view of the support provided by Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medical context, in order to trust this support. Design and setting: Cross-sectional study (CAAE: 39292420.2.0000.5169) to measure/compare unidimensional uncertainty of an AI and a human performing the same task. Methods: to a simple algorithm written in Python (blob detection, OpenCV) and to an ophthalmologist were given the task of detecting a two-dimensional pattern (center of the optical disc) in 1,000 digital images of normal/ abnormal fundoscopies. Algorithm performed the task 1x, human performed the task 2x, both using digital register of spatial coordinates. Machine’s unidimensional level of uncertainty was measured by the respective comparison of the x and y coordinates recorded by machine and human. Human’s unidimensional level of uncertainty was measured by comparing the coordinates recorded by human itself. Data analysis was performed using R. Results: AI failed to detect the target pattern onlyin two images. On average, man and machine showed a higher level of uncertainty in the y- coordinates, which was greater (~100 units) in machine’s performance. The level of uncertainty was higher in altered fundoscopy images. Conclusion: the measure of uncertainty of AI and humans in the same task can help understand AI limitations and therefore define its usefulness as a medical support tool.
Application of the BlandAltman analysis for quantitative assessment of the degree of agreement between drug prescriptions based or not on bioanthropometric data from neurological patients
Authors: Vasconcelos Maria Eduarda dos Santos Lopes , Sousa José Pedro da Silva , Teixeira Cláudio Eduardo Corrêa
Published: December 2021

Background: The ability to metabolize, absorb, distribute and eliminate drugs is dependent on the genetic profile of each patient, expressed in their functional, metabolic and bioanthropometric phenotypes. Thus, it is relevant to clarify how much these factors impact (or not) the effectiveness of neurological treatment, since its prescription. Design and setting: cross-sectional study (CAAE: 55048816.3.0000.5169). Methods: To assess the degree of agreement between routinely prescribed drug dose values (standard) and drug dose values calculated based on bioanthropometric data (height and mass) of neurological patients, we performed random data collection from 75 patients, both sexes ,>18 yrs, with prescriptions for the use of: carbamazepine, clonazepam, gabapentin, hydantal, rivotril, topiramate, amitriptyline, bupropion, citalopram, duloxetine, donaren, escitalopram, fluoxetine, imipramine, nortriptyline, paroxetine, venabaletine, venabaletine, sertraline, venabaletine, sertraline, venabaletine, serabaletine, pramipexole, prolopa BD, vertix and zolpidem. Data analysis was performed in R. Results: The application of the Bland-Altman analysis revealed that, on average, the prescribed standard drug dose is~10 units higher or lower than the dose calculated based on bioanthropometric data. That is, there is a ~20% disagreement between these different doses. Conclusions: These results should support new investigations on the impact of these differences on the effectiveness of the adopted neurological treatment.
Impact Brazil Covid-19 Survey: a cross-sectional study on the mental health status of Brazilians
Authors: Sousa Thalita Duarte , Bastos André Mártyres Pedreira de Albuquerque , Carvalho Walther Augusto de , Mendes Fabíola de Carvalho Chaves de Siqueira , Teixeira Cláudio Eduardo Corrêa
Published: December 2021

Background: Citizens’ mental health has been challenged by the advent of a new reality during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has imposed a new pattern of behavior on everyone. In this context, it is important to clarify how this new reality is impacting the mental health of Brazilian citizens. Design and setting: Cross-sectional study, Brazil. Methods: This work is part of the “IMPACT RESEARCH COVID19 BRAZIL: EVALUATING THE PANDEMIC BY COVID-19 THROUGH 24 QUESTIONS”. The implementation of the survey was carried out by distributing a questionnaire through social networks. Data collected was used to measure how much the experience of citizens in the pandemic period has impacted on their mental heath. All data analysis was performed using R. Results: Self-reported experience of negative symptoms and behaviors (sadness, loneliness, stress, anxiety, impatience), as well as exaggerated consumption of substances (alcohol, drugs) and use of electronic recreation (games), differs with age, with the youngest being the ones who most reported such experience, regardless of gender. However, no relevant statistical correlations were found between the variables mentioned above and others that could explain them, such as use of public transport, number of cohabitants, etc. Conclusions: other factors, related to distancing/social isolation, may be contributing to these negative manifestations.
Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia in multiple sclerosis of very late onset
Authors: Anastacio Guilherme Drumond Jardini , Trivellato Stella de Angelis , Gramasco Hendrick Henrique Fernandes , Carvalho Ana Claudia Pires , Arambula Omar Gurrola , Jorge Junior Luiz Antonio , Rocha Fernando Coronetti Gomes da
Published: December 2021

Context: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The average age of onset is in the range of 28 to 31 years, but it can occur from the first year of life or after the seventh decade. If diagnosed over 60 years of age, it is called very late onset, with low prevalence. Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia is a rare syndrome characterized by bilateral restriction of the adduction of the eyes in the conjugated horizontal gaze, which is generally secondary to demyelinating and vascular diseases. Case report: A 64-year-old man, brown, with a history of alcoholism, gout, hypothyroidism, arterial hypertension and generalized osteoarthritis with a right hip prosthesis with difficulty walking, presented a five-day subacute bilateral visual turbidity and binocular horizontal diplopia. On physical examination, he presented bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia, with a reduction in bilateral visual acuity worse on the right, in addition to lower limb pain pseudoparesis, with bilateral Babinski sign. Investigation with visual evoked potential demonstrated bilateral demyelinating optic neuropathy on the right, cerebrospinal fluid with more than two oligoclonal bands present, neuroaxis magnetic resonance imaging showing a change in the signal of the right optic nerve and multiple demyelinating lesions, fulfilling the criteria for dissemination in space and time. Therapy with Methylprednisolone 1g / day for 5 days was performed, with improvement of the condition, maintaining only visual sequelae with decreased visual acuity, and disease-modifying therapy was also started with stabilization of the condition. Conclusions: Despite being more rare, very late-onset MS should be considered as a diagnosis, even with singular presentations as in the case reported.
Analysis of procedures for treating muscle dystrophies in the state of São Paulo
Authors: Hernandes Júnior Paulo Roberto , Rosa Juliana de Souza , Lopes Patrick de Abreu Cunha , Silva Bárbara Tisse da , Silva Heloá Santos Faria da , Gomes Tiago Veiga , Bastos Junior Rossy Moreira , Feitosa Jhoney Francieis
Published: December 2021

Background: Muscular dystrophies are degenerative and genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and muscle atrophies. Objectives: To analyze the current panorama of muscular dystrophy treatment procedures performed in the State of São Paulo, correlating it with current epidemiology. Methods: literature review and observational, descriptive, and transversal data collect on the treatment of muscular dystrophies, available on the DATASUS website, from January 2008 to December 2020, and articles from Scielo and PubMed. Results: There were 2,600 hospitalizations with a total expenditure of R$ 28,004,202.59, with 2015 being the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (248), although 2014 was the year responsible for the highest amount spent during the period (R$ 2,858,500 , 87). Of the total procedures, 1,849 were carried out on an elective basis and 749 were urgent, with 1,330 occurring in the public sector and 286 in the private sector. The total mortality rate was 1.08, corresponding to 28 deaths, with 2016 being the year with the highest mortality rate, 4.91, while 2014 had the lowest rate, 0.41. The mortality rate for elective procedures was 0.54 compared to 2.40 for urgent procedures, whereas in the public sector it was 0.53 compared to 1.75 for the private sector. The average total hospital stay was 27.7 days, with an average cost of R$ 10,770.85. Conclusion: the treatment of muscular dystrophies usually occurs in an elective regime and in the public sector, with the mortality rate being lower in the public service compared to the private one.
Overview of procedures for treating intracerebral hematoma in the state of São Paulo
Authors: Hernandes Júnior Paulo Roberto , Rosa Juliana de Souza , Lopes Patrick de Abreu Cunha , Silva Bárbara Tisse da , Silva Heloá Santos Faria da , Gomes Tiago Veiga , Bastos Junior Rossy Moreira , Feitosa Jhoney Francieis
Published: December 2021

Background: Intracerebral Hematoma has a high mortality rate. However, those who survive may experience sequelae, such as severe neurological deficits. Objectives: To analyze the current panorama of surgical treatment procedures for intracerebral hematoma performed in the State of São Paulo and to correlate the current epidemiology. Methods: A literature review and observational, descriptive and transversal data collect on surgical treatment of intracerebral hematoma, available at DATASUS from January 2008 to December 2020, and articles available at Scielo and PubMed, were carried out. Results: There were 7,716 hospitalizations, representing a total expenditure of R$ 43,880,884.82, with 2009 being the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (758) and 2010 the year with the highest amount spent (R$ 3,961,287.80). 777 procedures were carried out on an elective basis and 6,447 and on an urgent basis, with 3,074 occurring in the public sector and 2,004 in the private sector. All 7,716 considered to be of medium complexity. The total mortality rate was 35.82, corresponding to 2,764 deaths, with 2015 being the year with the highest mortality rate, 38.36, while 2020 had the lowest rate, 32.58. The mortality rate for elective procedures was 22.52 compared to 38.67 for urgent procedures, whereas in the public sector it was 34.39 compared to 37.77 for the private sector. The average total hospital stay was 15.7 days, with an average cost of R$ 5,687.00. Conclusion: There was a predominance of the emergency service and the public sector, and the mortality rate was higher in the private service.
National perspective of the surgical treatment of platibasia and malformation of Arnold Chiari
Authors: Hernandes Júnior Paulo Roberto , Rosa Juliana de Souza , Lopes Patrick de Abreu Cunha , Silva Bárbara Tisse da , Silva Heloá Santos Faria da , Gomes Tiago Veiga , Luz Pedro Miguel Calife da , Feitosa Jhoney Francieis
Published: December 2021

Background: Platybasia is a bone anomaly, characterized by the flattening of the skull base. Its etiology is still questioned, but it is believed to occur in a congenital way. Objectives: To analyze the panorama of Arnold Chiari’s platelet and malformation surgical treatment procedures in the State of São Paulo and correlate it with the current epidemiology. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional collection of Arnold Chiari’s platelet and malformation surgical treatment data, available at DATASUS website, from January 2008 up to December 2020 - evaluating the number of hospitalizations, public spending, complexity, mortality rate, deaths, permanence and character of care. Results: 1,573 hospitalizations were observed for such procedures in this period, representing a total expenditure of R$ 5,680,871.82. 2011 was the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (142), it was also the year with the greatest expenditure (R$ 582,194.40). 1,006 of the were elective and 567 were urgent, with 509 occurring in the public sector and 482 in private one. All 1,573 considered to be of high complexity. The mortality rate was 2.16, corresponding to 34 deaths, 2010 was the year with the highest mortality, 4.10 and 2012 the lowest, 0.83. Mortality rate was lower in elective procedures (1.89 versus 2.65 in urgent ones) and when carried out in public sector (2.36 versus 2.49 in private care). The hospital stay was 12.7 days, with a cost of R$ 3,611.49. Conclusion: Platybasia is a highly complexity condition with a long period of hospital stay. However, the predominance of care is elective, with low mortality.
Overview of the conservative treatment of light grain cranioencephalic traumatism in the state of São Paulo
Authors: Hernandes Júnior Paulo Roberto , Rosa Juliana de Souza , Lopes Patrick de Abreu Cunha , Silva Bárbara Tisse da , Gomes Heloá Santos Faria da Silva, Tiago Veiga , Gomes Tiago Veiga , Innocencio Giovanna de Camargo , Feitosa Jhoney Francieis
Published: December 2021

Background: The traumatic brain injury is one of the main causes of mortality and disability in the world. Objectives: To analyze the current panorama of conservative treatment procedures for mild traumatic brain injury performed in the State of São Paulo and correlate with the current epidemiology. Methods: Literature review and observational, descriptive and transversal data collect on conservative treatment of mild grade traumatic brain injury, available at DATASUS from January 2008 to December 2020 and articles from Scielo, Lilacs and PubMed. Results: There were 150,743 hospitalizations for the conservative treatment of mild traumatic brain injury, being considered of medium complexity. They represent a total expenditure of R$ 64,098,819.38, with 2010 being the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (14,153) and 2011 being the year with the highest amount spent during the period (R$ 5,522,391.52). Of the total procedures, 1,744 are elective and 112,805 are urgent. In the public sector, 53,820 were carried out and 45,050 in the private sector. The total mortality rate was 1.60, corresponding to 2,413 deaths, with 2008 being the year with the highest mortality rate, 2.20 and 2016 had the lowest rate, 1.18. The mortality rate for elective procedures was 1.89 compared to 1.71 for urgent procedures, whereas in the public sector it was 1.73 compared to 1.58 for the private sector. The average total hospital stay was 2.4 days, with an average cost of R$ 425.22. Conclusion: The conservative treatment of traumatic brain injury has a low hospital stay and average cost.
Profile conservative treatment of cranioencephalic traumatism medium degree in the state of São Paulo
Authors: Hernandes Júnior Paulo Roberto , Rosa Juliana de Souza , Lopes Patrick de Abreu Cunha , Silva Bárbara Tisse da , Silva Heloá Santos Faria da , Gomes Tiago Veiga , Innocencio Giovanna de Camargo , Feitosa Jhoney Francieis
Published: December 2021

Background: The traumatic brain injury has a great impact on neurological emergencies. Objectives: To analyze the current panorama of conservative treatment procedures for mid-level traumatic brain injury performed in the State of São Paulo and to correlate with the current epidemiology. Methods: Literature review and observational, descriptive and transversal data collect on conservative treatment data for medium grade traumatic brain injury, available at DATASUS from January 2008 to December 2020 and articles available at Scielo, Lilacs and PubMed. Results: There were 63,218 hospitalizations for conservative treatment procedures in this period, accounting for R$ 68,668,413.92, with 2011 being the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (5,262), although 2020 with the greatest expenditure (R$ 5,984,875.09). 1,149 of them were elective, while 47,478 were urgent, with the occurrence of 24,527 in the public sector and 13,705 in the private sector. All 63,218 considered to be of medium complexity. The total mortality rate was 9.69, corresponding to 6,125 deaths, with 2009 being the year with the highest mortality rate, 10.34, while 2011 had the lowest rate, 9.14. The mortality rate for elective procedures was 6.44 compared to 9.89 for urgent procedures, whereas in the public sector it was 10.80 compared to 7.63 for the private sector. The average total hospital stay was 7.7 days, with an average cost of R$ 1,086.22. Conclusion: Medium grade traumatic brain injury has a short period of inhospital stay and a higher number of admissions and mortality rates in emergency care and in the public sector.
Aortic thrombosis presenting with low back pain and paraplegia: a medical alert
Authors: Fenner Fernanda , Sousa Francisco José Luis de , Silva Jr Hilton Mariano da , Joaquim Andrei Fernandes
Published: December 2021

Context:The importance of a thorough neurological examination of the patient should always include research into differential diagnoses such as vascular syndromes, increasingly common in our population. Case report: A 46-year-old man evaluated and screened by the Neurosurgery’s department team, after an initial complaint of sudden onset low back pain and acute weakness in both lower limbs. The patient was healthy before the event. Patient didn’t have pathological history or use of chronic medications, referring only to use sporadic medication for sexual impotence, approximately 6 months ago. Observation revealed pale cold lower limbs, with livedo reticularis. Pulses of the femoral artery were absent bilaterally. Neurological examination revealed complete flaccid paraplegia with neurological level of L1. Below this level loss of pain, light touch and temperature sensation (0/2 in all dermatomes on both extremities), muscle weakness (0/5 in all neurotomes bilaterally), absent tendon and plantar reflexes. Axial tomography of the lumbar spine didn’t reveal vertebral lesions or pressure within the spinal canal. Consultation of the vascular surgeon confirmed absence of blood flow through femoral arteries and emergency angiotomography of the abdominal aorta showed complete occlusion of the descending aorta, upper renal arteries. Patient underwent percutaneous embolectomy treatment, with successful revascularization of lower extremities; unfortunately died about 10 hours after surgery due the development of revascularization syndrome. Conclusions: Acute aortic occlusion is a catastrophic event and can present itself as flaccid paraplegia, leading to misdiagnosis and loss of valuable time for positive outcome. Vascular examination should always be performed on each patient with neurological deficit in lower limbs, especially patients with clinical history of peripheral vascular disease. Immediate start of treatment is imperative to improve survival rates.
Optic Neuritis and its several etiologies
Authors: Braga Anna Carlinda Arantes de Almeida , Rosa Patryk Marques da Silva , Santos Luiza Monteiro dos , Silva Igor Yury , Arão Ana Elisa Choucair Hosken , Braga Maria Eduarda de Almeida , Silva Isabella Cristina , Almeida Homero Gusmão de
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Optic neuritis (ON) is characterized by a condition of the optic nerve´s demyelinating inflammation, unilateral or bilateral involvement, which can lead to painful visual loss, color blindness, and other neurological and systemic impairments. Because it has several etiologies, ON is underdiagnosed and the studies seek an integrative review to identify the causes and differential diagnoses for the proper management. Methods: An analysis of scientific publications in the Pubmed and ScienceDirect databases was realized using the descriptors Optic Neuritis and diagnosis. Results: The diagnosis of ON is made by clinical findings associating neuroimage tests. About 60% of diagnosed patients have an alternative diagnosis; as optic neuropathies of anterior ischemic causes, Leber’s hereditary neuropathy and compressive neuropathies; infiltrative; toxic-metabolic or vitamin B12 deficiency. ON has different etiologies, such as infectious, paraneoplastic, autoimmune and demyelinating, so a directed anamnesis and ophthalmological examination is essential for professional´s orientation. The investigation of infectious, parainfectious and inflammatory causes must include the research of diseases such as syphilis, ricketsiosis, toxoplasmosis, mycobacteriosis, HIV and herpes zoster, and the recent vaccination. It is necessary to investigate autoimmune diseases, due to the increased risk of the coexistence of autoantibodies that attack structures of the optic nerve. Within the spectrum of demyelinating lesions, Multiple Sclerosis is the most common etiology, although Neuromyelitis Optica, Schilder Disease and Encephalitis Periaxilis Concentric should be remembered. Conclusion: When considering the various causes, it is necessary for professionals to make the diagnosis with effective clinical evaluation, with complementary tests, essential for the proper patient´s management.
The role of image in the diagnosis of pseudotumor lesions: a pictorial essay
Authors: Duarte Angelo Chelotti , Ghisleri Lucas , Maia Isabella Colla , Maia Junior Antônio Carlos Martins
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The clinical-radiological differentiation between neoplastic and pseudotumoral lesions has an important role in therapeutic approach, with repercussions on the conduct to be taken. When facing an expansive lesion, in addition to neoplasms, a list of differential diagnoses must be considered, including inflammatory, infectious, hemorrhagic lesions, among others. In this context, the role of imaging methods is highlighted in order to anticipate surgical management in the presumption of an aggressive neoplasm or, on the other hand, avoid an unnecessary invasive procedure. Objectives: To identify the warning signs of pseudotumor lesions in imaging studies. Methodology: Retrospective pictorial review of the archives of Diagnostic Imaging service of Santa Casa de São Paulo, between 2010 and 2020. Results: The warning signs that indicate a probable pseudotumoral lesion include spontaneous hypersignal in T1, marked hyposignal in T2, absence of significant expansive effect, cavitated lesion with high signal in diffusion, incomplete ring impregnation, restricted peripheral ring diffusion and spectral relations (choline / creatine) lower than 2. Each of these distinguishing features is discussed and exemplified. Conclusions: Although the distinction between expansive neoplastic and pseudotumoral lesions is not always direct, the systematic use of the exposed criteria allows greater assertiveness in the differential diagnosis. If the diagnostic doubt persists, therapeutic proof tests have a fundamental role in this context and, unfortunately, in some cases the final diagnosis will only be possible with biopsy.
Impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the epidemiological profile of hospitalizations for stroke in Brazil
Authors: Costa Victória Maria Peixoto Lima da , Garrido João Guilherme Santos , Reis Werikcson Roberths de Jesus
Published: December 2021

Background: Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the fear of getting infected has caused case underreporting and reduced demand for medical care in urgent cases, which includes strokes - a major cause of death and hospitalization in Brazil. Objective: Analyze the sociodemographic profile and the number of emergency hospitalizations for stroke from 2016 to 2020, the latter being the year in which the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic began. Methods: This is an ecological study based on the database (DATASUS), published by the Ministry of Health (Brazil) and extracted from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS). It refers to hospitalizations for strokes, from 2016-2019, compared to the year 2020, in Brazil. We also analyzed the most prevalent group by sex and age group. Results: 140.064 hospitalizations for stroke were registered in the year 2020. O the other hand, 160.816 occurred in 2019; 154.744 – 2018; 151.129 – 2017 and 145.944 in 2016. This demonstrates a typical pattern of hospitalizations with a tendency to rise, when compared from 2016 to 2019, dropping in 2020. Among the hospitalizations registered in 2020, 102.018 (72.84%) occurred in individuals over 60 years of age and 73.855 (52.73%) occurred in males. The same pattern was registered in previous years. Conclusion: Thus, more studies need to be carried out to prove whether the decrease in hospitalizations was in fact due to a reduction in the demand for medical care, case underreporting or a real drop in the number of strokes.
COVID-19 and neuroinvasion: a systematic review
Authors: Nunes Alícia Malta Brandão
Published: December 2021

Background: Clinical practice throughout the pandemic has generated a debate about the existence of neurotropism and the neuropathogenic capacity of the new coronavirus. Medical professionals have noted that there is a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections; from hyposmia to encephalopathy. The interaction of the viral protein spike (S) with the ACE2 gene present in endothelial and nerve cells and the cytokine storm triggered by COVID-19 are explanatory bases for a series of mechanisms proposed in recent literature. Objectives: To establish a direct connection, or not, between neurological manifestations and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design and setting: Analysis of the current literature present in medical databases. Methods: To select the studies, the Medline (Pubmed), LILACS and SciELO databases were used with the keywords “neurology” and “covid” and “mechanism”. The search period for the articles covered the last 10 months (since June 2020). The selection and design criteria of the studies were descriptive, crosssectional, cohort, case report and randomized clinical study. Results: Thirty-eight articles with potential for inclusion were retrieved, but only seventeen of them declared no conflict of interest and answered the inclusion criteria and the guiding question, which consisted of assessing the association between neurological disorders and COVID-19. Conclusion: Eight studies defend the indirect invasion, due to the imaging exams presenting an olfactory bulb without any alteration. Through infection of the endothelial cells, vascular alterations and wear of the BBB by the cytokine storm. In parallel, the other nine studies advocate direct invasion, where the virus infects the olfactory bulb and reaches the rhinencephalon and midbrain through the axons, generating, for example, the lack of symptoms in the so-called happy hypoxia of the coronavirus. Neuroinvasion in COVID-19 is still unclear, but hypotheses show 2 possible pathways for the virus to access the CNS: hematogenous and retrograde neuronal pathways. To elucidate these pathogenic pathways, larger and more systematic studies will be needed.
Ziya Osman Saba’nın Şiirlerinde Duygu ve Düşünce Dünyası
Authors: ZARİÇ Mahfuz
Published: December 2021

Cumhuriyet dönemi şair ve yazarlarından Ziya Osman Saba, aynı zamanda edebiyat tarihinde adları Yedi Meşaleciler olarak anılan topluluğun bir üyesidir. Saba’nın Sebil ve Güvercinler (1943), Geçen Zaman (1947) ve Nefes Almak (1957), Cümlemiz-Bütün Şiirleri (2014) adlı şiir kitaplarında toplamda yüz elli üç şiir bulunmaktadır.
Ziya Osman Saba’nın şiirlerine yansıyan özlem ve arzular tematik açıdan hatıralar ve hayallerle ilişkilidir. Şairin duygu ve düşünce dünyasında “çocukluk ve gençlik yıllarına duyulan özlem, muhayyel belde özlemi; tabiat, şehir, ev ve aile; Allah, teslimiyet, kendini bilme; hayat, ölüm ve öte âlem” gibi konular izleklere dönüştürülmüştür. Sanat anlayışı öz-saf şiire dayanan Saba, hayata ve insanlara merhamet duygusu ve iyimserlikle yaklaşmıştır. Şiirlerinde mutlu aile tabloları çizmiştir. Sükûta ve beyaz renge şiirlerinde ayrı bir önem veren Saba, şiirlerinde yeşillikler ve denizle iç içe ‘o belde’lere yer vermiştir. Şair için birer kaçış yeri de olan ‘o belde’ler, öte hayata geçmiş tanıdıkların, anne-baba, eş ve çocuklardan oluşan aile bireylerinin de içinde mutlulukla yer alacağı mekânlardır. Saba, ölümü kaçınılmaz bir son, ölülere kavuşturan bir köprü, yeniden diriliş durağı, Tanrı çağrısı olarak şiirleştirmiştir. Tabiata ve insanlığa karşı her zaman iyiliği salık veren Saba, II. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında kaleme alınmış şiirlerinde ise savaş ve militarizm eleştirisinde bulunmuştur.
Evaluación del comportamiento productivo de cuatro híbridos de tomate, bajo condiciones protegidas, ubicado en la comunidad Chagüite Grande, departamento de Jinotega, Nicaragua
Authors: Lacayo Barrios Rosa Isabel , López Mercado Lesly Junieth , Zamora Mayorga Sury Aylem , Padilla Duarte Emilseth Carolina
Published: December 2021

En Nicaragua el cultivo del tomate (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) ocupa el primer lugar entre las hortalizas de mayor producción y consumo. En el presente estudio se evaluaron cuatro híbridos, tres procedentes de Corea del Sur y un material comercial, el experimento se estableció bajo sistema de agricultura protegida en una finca de un productor de la comunidad de chagüite grande, ubicada en el departamento de Jinotega en el ciclo de Primera 2019. El diseño experimental implementado fue Bloque Completo al Azar (BCA) con cuatro repeticiones y cuatro tratamientos. El rendimiento fue estimado mediante la metodología medias repetidas longitudinales y separaciones de medias a través de prueba de Tukey (α=0.05), de igual manera se realizaron correlaciones fenotípicas entre los componentes de rendimientos. Los análisis fueron realizados en el programa R versión 4.0.2 (2020-06-22) a través de una de sus plataformas Rbio versión 141 (20-09-2020), el análisis físico y químico del suelo se realizaron seguimiento las metodologías de los laboratorios de las Universidad Nacional Agraria y la Universidad de Ingeniería. Según los resultados los híbridos que presentaron mejor comportamiento fueron Tisey y Miranda con rendimiento promedios de 109,728 kg ha-1 y 104,695.9 kg ha-1 respectivamente, de igual manera se muestran correlaciones positivas 0.97 para las variables número de frutos comerciales y el rendimiento, asimismo el suelo presento buenas propiedades física y química para buen desarrollo del cultivo.
Modelo de transporte aplicado a una empresa distribuidora de cemento. Caso de estudio en Ecuador
Authors: Flores Tapia Carlos Ernesto , Flores Cevallos Karla Lissette
Published: December 2021

Este artículo aplica el método de transporte utilizando el simplex de programación lineal en la empresa objeto de estudio, para obtener planes de envío óptimos minimizando los costos totales del producto estrella, el cemento tipo GU para construcción en general. Se sigue la metodología de Investigación de Operaciones, esto es, una vez definido el problema se establece la función objetivo y las restricciones del modelo matemático, luego se procesa el modelo utilizando el software Solver – Excel y se obtiene la solución óptima. Además, se prueba que, eventualmente, si se modifican los valores de las restricciones se incide en la función objetivo de minimización, favoreciendo así la toma de decisiones a favor de la obtención de beneficios económicos para las empresas.
Assessment of indicators of "business costs" of participating enterprises in foreign economic activity
Authors: Gupanova Yuliya E. , Nesterova Darya A.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the current direction of the customs service of the Russian Federation associated with the reduction of the administrative burden on business and the resulting costs of participants in foreign economic activity. Currently, there is a huge development of customs administration as part of the implementation of the "Strategy for the development of the customs service of the Russian Federation until 2030", due to the development of prospective customs procedures and technologies. At the same time, issues of further improvement of customs administration procedures and assessment of their impact on the activities of business structures and minimization of their costs related to customs formalities become very relevant. This makes it necessary to study theoretical issues of cost accounting and management and improve customs administration practices on this basis. The results of the analysis of the content and types of business costs in the sphere of foreign economic activity, based on which the concept of costs for the sphere of foreign economic activity is defined and the classification of these costs by the criterion of controllability is specified, are presented. Also the analysis of time and financial costs of participants in foreign economic activity was carried out, the methodology of their accounting in the sphere of foreign economic activity according to the methodology of the World Bank Doing Business was considered, recommendations for the use of indicators of "business costs" in the activities of the Federal Customs Service were developed.
Detención provisional o libertad bajo cautela aproximación a un derecho garantista y utilitarista
Authors: Barragán Quirós Carlos Manuel Pedro Pablo
Published: December 2021

La detención provisional, ha sido a través de la historia uno de los temas más discutidos y atacados en el Derecho Procesal Penal.  Mediante la utilización de esta medida instrumental las cárceles se han mantenido hinchadas de culpables y no culpables.  En este conciso ensayo pretendemos proyectar que la privación de libertad no debe convertirse bajo ninguna circunstancia en una pena anticipada.  Los embates que padece una persona en un centro penitenciario no tienen vuelta atrás.  El juzgador, al momento de decidir sobre lo que argumenten las partes, debe avocarse a una justificada, proporcional e idónea detención provisional o una libertad con ciertas limitaciones.  Por esto, la detención provisional es la última ratio, la última medida que se ha de aplicar para asegurar el proceso, a la víctima y la sociedad en general.