bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying Fibers to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Sultan Hussein Kareem , Ibrahim Haider Araby , Alsheakayree Talib K.Q.
Published: December 2024

In the majority of developed nations, there is a trend toward the construction of environmentally conscious buildings that also aim to use fewer basic resources. Natural aggregate is frequently substituted with recycled aggregate made from construction waste. This study aims to investigate the effects of varying ratios of steel and polypropylene fibers in hybrid forms (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0%) on the engineering properties of a compound mixture of recycled coarse aggregate with percentages (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%). Of these, 50% recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) was selected to test the hybrid effects. After a period of 28 days of hydration, cubes, cylinders, and prisms were cast and tested for compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, respectively. The results indicate that the addition of hybrid fibers significantly enhanced the mechanical strength values for the recycled coarse aggregate mixture. Compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths improve to roughly 45.7, 52.1, and 50.0%, respectively, when hybrid fibers (polypropylene fiber 1.0% and steel fiber 1.0%) are mixed with 50% recycling coarse aggregate. In comparison with the first mix with no recycled coarse aggregate, the 50% recycled coarse aggregate mixture showed the greatest drop in compressive, tensile, and flexural strength—12.01, 13.10, and 13.09%, respectively.
Analysis of I-Steel-Concrete Beam Bonded with an Glue Under Shock Load: Effect of Slip and Deflection
Authors: Bensattalah Tayeb , Daouadji Tahar Hassaine
Published: December 2024

The paper presents an improved analytical model for deflection and slip analysis of an I-steel-concrete beam under shock load, considering shear deformations. This model can be used to model the nonlinear behavior of composite beams. The problem of slip and interfacial stresses in the beam is analyzed using linear elastic theory. The model considers adherend shear deformations by assuming a linear shear stress through the thickness of the adherends, which is not considered in existing solutions. The deformation compatibility approach assumes both shear and normal stresses to be invariant across the adhesive layer thickness. The model can estimate the exact prediction of slip and shear interfacial stress along the span between concrete and steel beam. The results show that large shear is concentrated and slip occurs at the edges of the beam. The model predicts maximum deflection midspan and stresses shear under shock load, crucial for evaluating damage levels and accurately predicting fractures.
Prediction of Chloride Ion Erosion Evolution of Cement-Based Materials in Near-Surface Disposal Sites of Low-Level Radioactive Waste over a Large Time Scale
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Xuhong , Lv Tao , Yang Qiuyu , Xia Jiaguo , Li Yuxi , Lv Min , Wang Zuqi
Published: December 2024

In recent years, there has been increasing attention in the field of radioactive waste disposal in China regarding the long-term performance evolution of cement-based materials. Therefore, research on predicting the long-term performance evolution of cement-based materials has become particularly important. Taking a near-surface low-level radioactive waste disposal site in China as an example, this paper combines China’s concrete durability-related norms and research findings, refers to foreign concrete durability-related degradation models, and focuses on studying the impact of chloride ion erosion on cement-based materials in the environment of near-surface low-level radioactive waste disposal sites over a large time scale. By analyzing common mathematical models of chloride ion erosion both domestically and internationally, this paper selects nine sets of standard concrete specimens, provides simulated calculation results of the models, and ultimately preliminarily concludes whether cement-based materials in China’s near-surface low-level radioactive waste disposal sites are affected by chloride ion erosion over a large time scale.
Simulation Optimization of Step Parameters of Abutment Subgrade Backfilled with Solidified Soil
Authors: Zhang Guoping , Li Guangyi , Zhou Kang
Published: December 2024

The excessive settlement of the back subgrade of abutment will cause the displacement difference between the bridge deck and the abutment back, resulting in a series of problems such as vehicle jumping at the bridge head, affecting driving comfort and traffic safety. It is of great significance to control the settlement of the abutment backfilling. In this paper, the high-performance solidified soil is used as the backfill material of the abutment back, and the influence of the overlapping step parameters between the abutment back and the subgrade on the settlement of the solidified soil backfill is studied. The performance of solidified soil is verified by experiments, and the settlement and lateral pressure of clay backfill and solidified soil backfill are simulated and compared by PLAXIS software. The results show that compared with clay abutment backfill, the 28 d compressive strength of solidified soil is increased by 42.2 %. The maximum settlement displacement is reduced by 38.8 % after backfill of solidified soil. It is more suitable when the step parameter is 1 × 1.5 m, which is conducive to the construction and reduces the settlement displacement of the abutment backfill.
The Role of Viscosity Enhancing Admixtures on the Tensile Ductility of HTPP-ECC
Authors: Felekoğlu Burak
Published: December 2024

Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) are designed by optimizing the matrix, fiber and interface properties according to micro-mechanical steady state cracking theory. Matrix-fiber compatibility in terms of rheology is a pre-requisite for homogeneous fiber distribution. Viscosity enhancing admixtures (VEAs) are frequently preferred in ECC design for an optimized matrix phase viscosity to provide effective fiber distribution. Poly-ethylene (PE) and Poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers are traditionally preferred in ECC design. In recent years, researchers focused on a cost effective alternative as high-tenacity poly-propylene (HTPP) fiber. This paper reports the effects of a VEA on the tensile and compressive properties of HTPP-ECC at two different dosages (0.5% and 1% by wt. of cement). The V-funnel speed of matrix phases and spread-flow diameters of composites are compared with reference HTPP-ECC without VEA. The addition of VEA, lengthened the V-funnel discharge time of matrix phases. Tensile test results demonstrated a ductility improvement of HTPP-ECC by the increment in VEA dosage up to 0.5% without any significant tensile strength loss. However, the tight multiple cracking ability is diminished by VEA addition. Ductility increment is attributed to the enlargement of the crack widths by the slippage of HTPP fibers in the presence of VMA.
Assessment of Energy Savings from Translucent Concrete Facades
Authors: Harle Shrikant M. , Wankhade Rajan L. , Bhadauria P.K.S.
Published: December 2024

This study explores translucent concrete (TC), a novel building material that combines opaque and transparent properties. Due to the limitations of existing building physics software, new software was developed to simulate the hybrid characteristics of TC panels. The program evaluated heating and cooling demands by considering wall conduction, heat from artificial lighting, and solar radiation through optical fibers. The results indicated that higher fiber densities in TC panels led to increased cooling loads due to solar radiation, while also reducing lighting energy consumption by allowing natural light to penetrate. A 6% fiber volumetric ratio in south-facing TC walls was found to decrease overall energy usage by nearly 18% compared to a room without sunlight. The study also highlights the significant impact of HVAC efficiency on energy savings, emphasizing the importance of using gas furnaces and high-efficiency air conditioners in regions like Maharashtra to maximize long-term energy savings.
Investigating the Potential of Converting Reject Brine into a Lightweight Sustainable Construction Material
Authors: Zaneldin Essam , Banerjee Pranita , Ahmed Waleed , Mohammad Ameera , Al Marzouqi Ali H.
Published: December 2024

The increasing global demand for potable water has led to the increase of desalination plants. However, desalination processes, especially reverse osmosis and multi-stage flash distillation, produce large quantities of reject brine, a highly concentrated saline byproduct. This highly saline waste presents significant environmental challenges due to its potential to harm marine ecosystems, disrupt aquatic life, and degrade water quality when discharged into the ocean when discharged into the sea. This study explores the feasibility of transforming reject brine into a sustainable lightweight construction material. Through a series of initial experimental processes, reject brine was chemically treated, coated with plastic waste, and combined with lightweight aggregate to produce a lightweight material suitable for construction. Initial results indicate that the treated brine-based material exhibits promising characteristics and mechanical properties, including adequate compressive strength, reduced density, and good durability. This makes it a viable and economical alternative to traditional construction materials. This approach mitigates the environmental impact of desalination, reduces the construction industry’s carbon footprint, and contributes to the development of sustainable construction practices. Future research should focus on scaling up the production process, conducting long-term performance evaluations, and assessing the economic viability of this approach to facilitate its adoption in real-world applications.
Study on the Characteristics of the Ions and Physico-Chemical Properties of Soils and River Water Along the Taohe River Basin
Authors: Zhu Zhaoxia , Song Haiping , Liang Lixia
Published: December 2024

This paper took the soil and river water along the Taohe River Basin as the research object, and collected soil samples near the river in the Taohe River Basin that can represent the surrounding topography and geomorphology, by carrying out natural rainfall simulation test, and many times water quality section near the natural soil samples rainfall simulation test water samples collected and tested, respectively, the main ions (magnesium ions, potassium ions, sodium ions, chloride and calcium ions) and physicochemical properties of the soil of Luqu station, Minxian station, Lijia Village, Hongqi station of the main stream and Xiabalgou station of the tributary Bola River of the water quality monitoring and analysis, and the comparative analysis of the major ions in the soil of the surface and the physicochemical properties of the influence on the relevant constituents of water in the Taohe River Basin. The results of the study showed that there was a close correlation between some of the ions and physicochemical properties of the soils along the Taohe River Basin and the river, while some of them were not correlated.
River Water Quality Assessment in Baitarani River Basin, Odisha Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Geographical Information System (GIS)
Authors: Das Abhijeet
Published: December 2024

Surface water is the main justification for drinking in many regions of our nation. However, it becomes inappropriate for use in different home and irrigation applications because to contamination from hazardous chemicals contained in rocks. A total of thirteen locations along with nine surface water samples were collected and analysed using standard methods, for a duration of 2-year (2022–2024) in pre-monsoon mode. The above mentioned nine parameters were employed to evaluate the suitability of surface water for household and agricultural uses by contrasting them with the World Health Organizations (WHO). However, in this study, we utilized three models—Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Geographical Information System (GIS), to predict surface water irrigation suitability in Baitarani River Basin, Odisha. From the findings, it is evident that all water quality (WQ) indicators were found to be within acceptable ranges for environmental and agricultural purposes. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed strong correlations among components. Subsequently, the surface water was deemed suitable for irrigation, in regards with the sodium absorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (%Na), Kelly’s ratio (KR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), and potential salinity (PS). Modelling efforts highlighted ANN, that often acts as a superior mechanism in predicting irrigation suitability, based on RMSE, MAPE, and R2 metrics. However, the current study adds significantly to our understanding of the geographical variability in surface water quality and is thought to provide a baseline for further research. Future research should consequently focus on examining the basin’s water quality’s temporal fluctuations.
Characteristics of Suspended Sediment Runoff in the Arable Land of the Northern Forest-Steppe of Central Siberia
Authors: Golubev I.A. , Ivanova O.I.
Published: December 2024

The study of erosion-accumulative processes on agricultural lands is of great importance for further combating their consequences in the form of degradation, thinning of the valuable humus horizon of soils and loss of soil fertility. The problem is complicated by the small number of direct field studies of soil flushing during snowmelt. The physical meaning of the processes of water erosion lies in the processes of separation, transportation and re-deposition of soil particles in the form of suspended and entrained sediments in a microrail network on the soil surface (trickle washouts). This article presents the results of a study of suspended sediment runoff performed in the framework of studying the processes of water erosion of soils during snowmelt on the surface of arable lands of the Northern forest-steppe of Central Siberia (Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe) in the period 2009–2017. The measurement results are analyzed, the patterns of spatial dynamics of quantitative characteristics of solid runoff are established. The calculation of the coefficient of delivery of washed-away soil particles from the slopes of catchments of small and medium-sized rivers was performed using the example of the nearest Buzim River. It was found that the amount of washed-away soil particles reaching the riverbed for small and medium-sized rivers does not exceed 2% of their total amount, depending on the amount of spring runoff in the years under consideration.
Analysis of the Impact of Hydropower Development on Economic Growth in Qinghai Province
Authors: Li Guofa , Zhu Jiwei , Yu Xiangxiong , Zhang Yamin
Published: December 2024

Using time-series data on objective indicators in Qinghai Province, a total of 68 values for 4 indicators were fitted. We established a production function based on the classical Cobb-Douglas functional form, utilizing the natural logarithmic linear form of the variables. The coefficients of the regression equation were estimated using the method of least squares (OLSE). Regression parameter tests and residual analysis were conducted to measure the capital output elasticity of Qinghai Province, denoted as Ek. The impact of hydropower development on the national economic growth of the province was measured by considering investment in hydropower. The impact of hydropower development on the growth of Qinghai Province’s national economy is measured by analyzing hydropower investment. The results indicate that the cumulative value of GDP growth resulting from hydropower development in Qinghai Province between 2011 and 2021 can be estimated using a model with a minimum lower limit of 4.0744 and a maximum upper limit of 78.9872 million yuan.
The Study on Early Warning and Classification on Jinping I Hydropower Station Left Bank
Authors: Zhu Yujie , Lu Bo , Xu Jinshun , Hu Wei
Published: December 2024

The evaluation of slope stability is a significant study in constructing hydropower stations. The deformation of the left bank of the Jinping I Hydropower Station lasts for over 10 years, which will be a significant threat to the highest concrete double-curvature arch dam in the world if the slope slides. This research predicts and analyzes the development trend of left bank deformation and establishes a classification and warning standard based on deformation. The left slope is divided into six zones to illustrate the deformation trend. Analyzing monitoring points separated into six zones is crucial in classifying the warning indicators. According to the study, the deformation rate is the most critical parameter in classifying the stability of a slope. The warning classification system has four levels: green, blue, yellow, and red. The four colors correspond to slow deformation, unit deformation, accelerated deformation, and rapid deformation. These indicate that the left bank transform from stable to unstable.
Evaluation on the Degree of Water Resources Development and Calculation of Reservoir’s Utilizable Capacity in China
Authors: Liang Shumin , Li Shaolan
Published: December 2024

Based on monthly statistical data of global precipitation, this paper employed Geographic Information System to calculate the distribution of global inter-annual precipitation variability, reservoir’s multi-annual capacity coefficient, annual complete regulating coefficient of precipitation, total reservoir capacity coefficient, and the degree of water resource development in 3 levels of sub-basins by comparing the theoretical fully regulating total storage capacity and actual utilizable capacity of sub-basins. Main results are China’s national theoretical fully regulating total reservoir capacity is 1189.81 billion cubic meters, the degree of water conservancy development is 37.39% in 2022 and will be 50.32% in 2050, the total reservoir storage capacity will be 1302.6 billion cubic meters, which will be increased by 31.75% over 2022. Based on the planning layout of cross basin water transfer in China and the demand for utilizable reservoir capacity, explore the development goals of future water resource development and utilization in key regions.
Hydraulic Evaluation of Simulated Water Flow-Case of the Chupaca Channel-Huancayo-Peru
Authors: Giovene Pérez Campomanes , Jheferson Barja Ponce , Fiorella Méniz Zeballos
Published: December 2024

The present research carried out in the Chupaca channel-Huancayo-Junín, was developed using 2 simulation software: IBER 3.3.1 and HEC-Ras 6.5, seeking to know the behavior of the water flow in the rectangular channel, modifying the slopes from 0.0096 to a steep slope 0.01, for different conditions: a) normal conditions, b) reduction of screed, obtaining the following results: despite changing the slopes from a strong one to one under normal conditions, the flow of water does not leave the channel. Despite the 29 cm slab variation, the water flow does not leave the canal, which does not lead to the conclusion that the water flow for normal and steep slopes is maintained within the Chupaca irrigation canal. With a maximum reduction of the slab of 0.29 cm, the water flow for normal and steep slopes is maintained within the Chupaca irrigation channel. The conclusion From the hydraulic modeling of water flow in the Chupaca canal, despite having a maximum sill reduction of 0.29 m (0.95 ft), for normal and steep slopes, water flow is maintained within the canal.
GIS Based Risk Assessment of Flash Flood Disaster in Small Watersheds
Authors: Zhou Zhengjie , Lu Xiaoyong , Wang Liang , Guan Zhikai
Published: December 2024

In recent years, due to various factors such as extreme weather, complex underlying surfaces, and human activities, the trend of flash floods has become frequent and prone to occur, and their threat level and social impact are increasing day by day. This article is based on the theory of natural disaster risk theory and GIS technology, and comprehensively evaluates the risk factors of small watershed flash floods, the sensitivity of prone environments, and the vulnerability of disaster bearing bodies. This article takes Longquan City as a typical research area, selects 10 core indicators to construct a flash flood disaster risk assessment system, and verifies it using historical flash flood disaster information. The results indicate that the risk assessment of flash flood disasters based on small watersheds has good consistency and consistency with historical flash flood disaster information in the study area. The risk identification results are reliable, and the risk assessment model can accurately reflect the risk of regional flash flood disasters.
Investigation of Flow Characteristics Through Emergent Mixed Vegetation Pattern
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Haseeb Abdul , Kashan Muhammad , Murtaza Nadir , Pasha Ghufran Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Emergent vegetation has a significant contribution to resist flow in an open channel. Therefore, the current investigation aims to explore the influence of mixed vegetation patterns (MVP) on various flow characteristics. The current investigation was conducted in a flume to explore the influence of the MVP on flow characteristics under sub-critical flow conditions. An MVP comprising a combination of shorter and taller vegetation elements has been introduced in a flume to investigate parameters such as vertical velocity distribution, and energy dissipation under various values of the Froude number (Fr). The vertical velocity distribution was explored at two different points i-e., upstream and downstream sides. On the upstream and downstream side of the MVP, the vertical velocity distribution increases up to 29% and 37% against Fr value in the range of 0.28 to 0.66. The maximum energy reduction of 50% was observed through MVP against the value of Fr = 0.66. The findings of the current investigation conclude that mixed vegetation pattern has a greater influence on various flow parameters under subcritical flow conditions.
Analysis of Meteorological and Hydrological Characteristics in the Water Source Area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Western Route Project
Authors: Fan Xinying , Yan Dengming , Jing Laihong , Li Chaoqun , Cang Bo , Zhang Yu , Lu Yisi , Du Lin
Published: December 2024

The South to North water diversion western route project is located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, with high cold and oxygen deficiency, fragile habitat conditions, and more sensitive and prominent impacts on the ecological environment. Ecological environment impact has become one of the core issues in the feasibility study of the project. To scientifically evaluate the ecological environment impact of water diversion on the water source area, it is necessary to systematically understand the climate change characteristics of the water source area. Based on the meteorological data provided by the China Meteorological Data Center from 1960 to 2019, this article uses non-stationary time series analysis technique ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method to construct a characterization method for the fluctuation characteristics of meteorological parameters at four important meteorological stations in the water source area, quantitatively characterizing the periodic and random characteristics of climate change. The climate characteristic characterization method proposed in this study provides a reference for scientifically evaluating the comprehensive impact analysis of the South to North Water Diversion Project on ecological environment, hydrological and water resources, economy and society.
Assessment of the Thermal Impact of Combined Piles with Thermal Stabilizers on the Adjacent Permafrost Soil Mass
Authors: Mestnikov V.V. , Mestnikova I.V. , Mestnikov V.V.
Published: December 2024

The article considers a computational experiment to assess the thermal impact of combined piles with thermal stabilizers on the adjacent permafrost soil massif using the Frost 3D software package developed by “Scientific software development ‘Simmakers’ ” LLC. The solution of the heat conductivity equation in a three-dimensional statement is carried out numerically using the finite difference method. In this case the upper part of the pile, rising above the ground surface, is implicitly included in the boundary conditions of the condenser part of the thermal stabilizer. The heat exchange coefficient αв of the pile with the outside air is calculated using the formula for obtaining the Nusselt number. As a result of the performed heat engineering calculations, it was found that with warming of the outside air temperature, the accumulated cold in the soils around a single pile is insufficient and by the beginning of the next cooling season their temperature differs slightly from the background soil temperatures. With a cluster arrangement of piles, due to greater accumulation of cold with each season of operation of the thermal stabilizer, the temperature of the soil mass adjacent to the piles becomes much lower, and the lowest soil temperature at the depth of zero annual amplitudes is noted for clusters of four piles.
Research on the Cause Analysis and Disposal Measures of Typical Cases of Ground Collapse in Karst Development Areas
Authors: Shui Yong , Qiu Yunjun , Cheng Xueming , Wu Shengpin , Liu Chengzhe , Niu Ben
Published: December 2024

In response to the challenges brought about by rapid urban and population growth, China has carried out extensive urban construction. In the process of urban construction, various environmental challenges will be encountered, such as karst, geological strata, groundwater, etc. Karst is a special geological phenomenon because it does not depend on the composition of rocks, but is mainly influenced by geological structures and surface structures. Karst landforms are both naturally formed and later artificially modified. Karst landforms come in various forms, including towering peaks, spectacular caves, and mysterious underground rivers. Karst ground collapse is a geological disaster that is difficult to predict and has serious destructive consequences. In recent years, various engineering and economic losses caused by karst problems have occurred during tunnel construction in major cities in China. Cities of different sizes, such as Guangzhou, Dalian, Shenzhen, Nanjing, and Hangzhou, have experienced varying degrees of karst ground collapse during urban construction, which has brought serious impacts and threats to engineering construction and people’s lives and property. This article compares typical cases of previous collapse accidents in karst developed areas, systematically sorts out the causes, analyzes emergency measures and prevention and disposal effects, and draws lessons from them, Provide construction collapse prevention measures for similar projects.
Experimental Study on Strength Characteristics of Soil-Rock Mixture Under Different Gravel Random Locations
Authors: Liu Shunqing , Sun Yuhe , Zhang Zhichao , Liu Guangcheng , Yu Liting , Wu Zhongteng , Su Zhangchi , Cheng Deyang
Published: December 2024

In order to evaluate the effect of gravel random locations, two different types of soil-rock mixture were selected to study the strength characteristics of soil-rock mixture by triaxial test. The results show that the deviatoric stress-strain curves under different random locations are all hardening curves. The peak strengths of these two types of soil-rock mixtures under different gravel random locations are greatly different. The random locations of gravels have a significant impact on the cohesion of both two types of soil-rock mixtures. The random locations of gravels have a significant impact on the internal friction angle of soil-breccias mixture, but have little impact on the internal friction angle of soil-pebble mixture. The main reason for the above changes in cohesion and internal friction angle is that the different locations of the gravels result in significant changes in the interlocking effect and friction-sliding between the gravels. The research results provide parameters for the establishment of equivalent strength models of soil-rock mixtures and have practical theoretical significance.
Global Sensitivity Analysis of CO2-Circulated Geothermal Harvest from a Heterogeneous Reservoir
Authors: Chen Mingjie , Al-Hashimi Sulaiman , Al-Saadi Rasha
Published: December 2024

As geothermal harvest using geologically stored CO2 is an emerging carbon utilization approach, coupled influences of formation heterogeneity, reservoir boundary, and well placement are still unclear. The aim of this study is to address this knowledge gap by a global sensitivity analysis using response surface method. Seven input parameters with specified ranges for both geostatistical and reservoir flow models form a 7-D parameter space, from which 100 input samples are drawn using Latin-Hypercube method. A set of CO2 circulation model with heterogeneous reservoirs are setup using the 100 input samples and simulated. Four performance indicators are defined and derived from each of model simulations. Response Surface (RS) model for each indicator is trained based on the 100 input-indicator dataset. Global sensitivity indices are calculated using RS models, based on which sensitive input parameters for each indicator is identified for continuous sensitivity analysis in 2-D slices of RSs. It is found that the impact of heterogeneity is almost negligible to the four indicators, though it affects fluid and heat spatial distribution. Larger well space can increase lifespan, CO2 storage, and total thermal recovery, but reduce power capacity. Higher injection overpressure can enhance power capacity, but shorten lifespan. Longer well perforation is beneficial to both power capacity and thermal recovery. Y boundary opening degree slightly and positively affects CO2 storage only.
Analysis of the Impact of Building Foundation Construction on the Structural Deformation of Undercrossing Subway Tunnels
Authors: Wen Ji , Song Ke , Yang Kong
Published: December 2024

In order to study the influence of building foundation construction on the deformation of the underground subway tunnel structure, the deformation monitoring of the underground subway tunnel structure during the construction of the superstructure foundation was carried out based on a sports ground project in Nanjing. The deformation of the tunnel structure and its influence rule were studied by analyzing the monitoring data of the tunnel structure’s vertical displacement, horizontal displacement and horizontal convergence. The results show that the external construction has a great influence on the tunnel structure. The maximum plane displacement of the shield section is 6.2 mm, and the maximum floating of the track bed is 5.0 mm. The horizontal convergence is normal. The main causes of tunnel structure deformation are earthwork excavation in open cut section and pile construction in shield section. By jumping bin excavation and accelerating the construction speed of pre-stressed beams, the deformation of roadbed in open excavation area can be controlled, and the floating trend of roadbed in shield area can be reduced by controlling construction load, drilling speed of shield drum and alternate construction of pre-stressed beams. The deformation of the tunnel can be accurately judged through construction monitoring, and the corresponding treatment measures can effectively reduce the influence of the construction of the upper building on the structure of the underground subway tunnel.
Experimental Study on the Characterisation Parameters of Shield Tunnel Single-Fluid Inert Synchronized Grouting Slurry
Authors: Liu Heng , Wei Binpin , Wu Shuwei , Xi Xiaoguang , Cao Hong , Wang Zhe , Zhang Qiongfang , Sheng Jianchao
Published: December 2024

Shield tunneling technology has been widely applied in subway construction. To effectively control ground deformation, synchronous grouting behind the shield has become a crucial method and key process in shield construction. Appropriate synchronous grouting parameters are essential for guiding both theoretical research and engineering practice in shield tunneling. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to study the characterization parameters of single-fluid inert grout uplift. The relationships between synchronous grouting parameters—such as slump, consistency, buoyancy, flow index, and shear strength—were obtained. The results indicate that the flow index can serve as a characterisation parameter for grout fluidity, and the shear strength of P2.0∼P2.5 with greater buoyancy variation can be used as a characterization parameter for grout uplift. In contrast, consistency and slump are not suitable as fluidity characterisation parameters.
Study on the Mechanical Properties of In-Situ Sprayed Mortar Repair for Corroded Concrete Pipes
Authors: Wang Fuzhi , Wang Dianchang , Yin Wei , Peng Shouhai , Liu Yu , Mi Rongxi , Chen Xiaolong
Published: December 2024

In order to learn the repair effect of in-situ spraying mortar technology on corroded concrete pipeline and to reveal the bearing performance of pipeline-mortar layer, a calculation model of bearing capacity of corroded concrete pipeline after in-situ spraying repair was proposed based on the theory of superposed curved beam stress. The mechanical loading model test of mortar spraying repair of corroded concrete pipeline was carried out, and the test showed that the theoretical calculation model was basically accurate, and the ultimate bearing capacity of the repaired vegetated concrete pipeline was positively correlated with the spraying thickness and the reinforcement rate of the mortar lining layer. In the case of the same reinforcement rate and spraying thickness, the ultimate load of the experimental pipe section of the interface nailing group is higher than that of the natural spraying experimental pipeline, which shows that the interface nailing modification can more effectively improve the bearing capacity of the repaired pipeline.
A Suggestion to Take Seismic Hazard Characteristics into Account in Design of Highway Bridges
Authors: Tao Xiaxin , Tao Zhiguo , Tao Zhengru , Liu Haiming , Wang Liyuan , Wang Futong
Published: December 2024

The seismic hazard characteristics are emphasized in this paper. The three K values from the seismic ground motion parameters zoning map 2015 (SHM 2015) of China are introduced, which are the ratios of the frequent, rare and very rare peak ground motion accelerations to the basis peak ground motion acceleration. The data of the three K values on 95932 ground points in mapping of the SHM 2015 are collected and analyzed. However, in a industry standard, the specification for seismic design of highway bridges (SSDHB), there is no corresponding regulation on how to determine the specific values on engineering site. The inconsistency of these two standards has brought some confusion and inconvenience to the seismic design of highway bridges. A site specified importance factor for updating of the specification for seismic design of highway bridges 2020 is presented to take into account the hazard characteristics from a zoning map of K values. Finally, a scheme to determine the factor value for seismic design of a bridge with its type and the site location is suggested.
Calculation and Analysis of Segment Buoyancy in Large-Diameter Shield Tunneling
Authors: Sun Jiuchun , Sheng Haoxiang , Yu Shi , Sang Yunlong , Liang Zhibin , Wang Zhe , Zhou Qihui , Liu Heng , Sheng Jianchao
Published: December 2024

Based on the Zhipu Road-Fuxing Road large-diameter tunnel project, this paper analyzes the force characteristics of the segment during the synchronous grouting stage through theoretical research and field tests on the time-varying dissipation law of the force on the segment. It introduces the time-varying coefficient of the buoyancy force dissipation of the segment. The buoyancy force of the segment and the resistance to the buoyancy force are analyzed. The calculation formula for the buoyancy of the segment is derived using the method of hydrostatic equilibrium and is compared with the measured results. The findings show that by considering the time-varying dissipation force of the segment’s buoyancy force, the final buoyancy of the segment can be better predicted. The calculation closely matches the measured values, indicating that the prediction formula for the buoyancy of the segment has high accuracy and reliability.
Correlation Analysis of Soil Parameters Derive from Field Tests of Silty Clay Layers
Authors: Xu Xin , Quan Xiaojuan , Meng Xinyi , Ding Jihui
Published: December 2024

The standard penetration test (SPT), the pressuremeter test (PMT), the flat dilatometer test (DMT), and the Vane shear test (VST) are important in-situ testing techniques that can objectively reflect the strength and deformation characteristics of the tested soil. Establishing commonly used in-situ tests to determine regional correlations between soil parameters and providing reference values for soil strength and deformation indicators is of great significance. Based on drilling data from a new district in Nanjing, this article statistically analyzes and fits the strength and deformation indicators obtained from the SPT, the PMT, the DMT, and the VST of the silty clay layer. The functional relationships between the standard penetration blow count (N) of the silty clay layer and the foundation bearing capacity (fa), lateral pressure modulus (Em), and lateral pressure horizontal subgrade coefficient (Khm) derived from the PMT are established, as well as the functional relationships between N and the flat expansion pressure (Δp), lateral expansion modulus (Ed), and flat expansion horizontal subgrade coefficient (Khd), N and vane shear strength (Cu), Δp, fa and Cu. The conclusion can provide reference for engineering design and scientific research.
Feasibility of Producing Reflective Pavement Bricks Using Waste Plastic as an Alternative to Paint-Based Line Markings for Pavement Roads and Car Parks
Authors: Akorli K.S. , Aigbavboa C.O. , Ametepey O.S.
Published: December 2024

Road surface and car park markings provide guidance and information to drivers and pedestrians. These lines are crucial for preserving traffic flow, stopping accidents or property damage, and guaranteeing pedestrian safety. The study aimed to produce a reflective pavement brick from recycled water bottle plastic to replace paint-based line markings used on pedestrian walkways and car parks. The study adopted an experimental design and the plastic water bottles were obtained from the surrounding environments. Quarry fines and glass beads with pigment are additional components utilized with the plastic. Quarry fine and plastic from melted water bottles were utilized in seven different ratios. Forty-two paver bricks were produced for all percentages with dimensions of 200 mm × 100 mm × 75 mm and then crushed for compressive strength. The study revealed that P 25% - Q 75% brick produced the highest compressive strength of 42.1 N/mm2 but had the worst water absorption. The reflective plastic bricks of P 25% - Q 75% should be used for commercial purposes over the paint base agents for their long-lasting properties.
Bridge Navigation Clearance Height Monitoring and Information Service System
Authors: Xiao Chunling , Cao Anxi
Published: December 2024

In view of the traffic safety problems caused by the recent frequent inland river ships hitting the bridge due to ultra-high, the system uses the water depth sensor to collect the water depth information of the cross-river channel, and on this basis, gives real-time navigation clearance information, and at the same time, the Internet of Things technology is used to store the bridge clearance height and other relevant information in the cloud, which can realize data sharing, and users (bridge operation managers, ship operators, etc.) can easily and quickly obtain relevant information through the mobile APP applet. And view real-time data regardless of location and distance. Through real-time data collection, data processing and real-time data release, the system provides real-time navigation status information for bridge operation managers and navigable ships, and passing ships can use the obtained information to judge the safety of navigation and play a role in early warning, so as to avoid traffic safety accidents caused by ships hitting bridges due to untimely information.
Dynamic Control Method to Assess Traffic Safety Risk in Expressway Reconstruction and Expansion Projects Based on DBN-GA
Authors: Tian Wanli , Huang Zechao , Wu Zhongguang , Wang Bo
Published: December 2024

With the annual growth of reconstruction and expansion projects, carrying out traffic safety analysis of expressway reconstruction and expansion projects and proposing targeted control strategies play an important role in traffic safety control. To effectively reduce the traffic safety risk level of expressway reconstruction and expansion projects, a traffic safety risk control method based on a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model and genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. First, a traffic safety risk control model with the objective of achieving the best overall safety situation for a road section in a certain period is established. Then, based on the improved fuzzy evidence theory and Markov theory, a dynamic Bayesian network model for calculating the traffic safety situation of expressway reconstruction and expansion projects is constructed to provide a benchmark for risk control. A GA-based method for solving the risk factor control strategy is designed. The method is used to test the control strategy and calculate further risk control strategies to achieve continuous dynamic control of risk. An empirical analysis was carried out on a road section where traffic accidents occurred during the construction of an expressway expansion project. The results showed that the combined control strategy obtained by solving the risk control model significantly improved the level of safety situation compared with the actual safety situation at the time of the accident and the safety situation after the participating companies implemented control measures. Traffic safety risk changes rapidly in expressway reconstruction and expansion projects. Taking active control strategy to key factors can effectively improve the safety level. The construction of expressway reconstruction and expansion project has an important impact on traffic safety, which is easy to cause safety accidents. Construction managers should adjust the control measures timely according to the dynamic changes of influencing factors.
Research and Application of Early Warning and Automatic Disposal System of Road Condensation Ice on Bridges
Authors: Gu Miaomiao , Lei Qianrong , Chen Wen
Published: December 2024

In recent years, under the background of global warming, the frequency and probability of El Nino phenomenon, La Nina phenomenon and compound extreme events have increased, and the increasing frequency of snow and ice disasters is one of the important manifestations. The impact of climate change on transportation has been paid more and more attention by experts and scholars in various fields. While vigorously advocating the construction of intelligent transportation, quasi-all-weather travel on expressways is an important part of intelligent transportation. This paper takes the application of the early warning and automatic disposal system of road ice condensation on an important bridge of a expressway around the city in Northwest China as the starting point, and makes an in-depth analysis from the aspects of system composition, key technical parameters, application effect and benefit analysis, so as to improve the reference for the transportation management department to solve the problem of road ice and snow disaster.
Effect of a Group of Piles on Scour Depth of an Isolated Bridge Pier
Authors: Malik Rahul , Setia Baldev
Published: December 2024

Bridges are symbols of a country’s infrastructure. In order to link people, products, and transportation, bridges are necessary. A nation’s economic development can be halted by the closing of a bridge. It is possible to finish services that are no longer provided by bridges. Bridges are used to move cargo and resources from one location to another. Over bridges, one can get away from the bustle of daily life. The things might be delivered by customers. Due to the increase in the world’s population, the bridges are constructed in close proximity to each other. Due to close proximity, it can significantly affect the scour depth of the bridge piers. The present paper discusses the effect of a group of piles on the scour depth of an isolated bridge pier. A typical 12 m long, 0.60 m wide, and 0.70 m deep tilting bed water flume was used for the experiments. The pier models that were utilized were 42 mm and 62 mm in size. The uniform-sized river sand utilized in the movable bed studies had an average mean size of d50 = 0.23 mm. From the experimental results, it can be observed that when two rows of groups of piles are placed in front of the isolated bridge pier the scour depth around the bridge pier is found to be minimum.
Shell Element Modeling Analysis and Fatigue Performance Prediction of U-Joints with Diaphragms in OBDs
Authors: Chen Zhihao , Qiao Senlin , Wang Ping , Qian Hongliang
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to find the optimal shell element modeling method of U-joints with diaphragms in orthotropic bridge decks (OBDs) fully considering weld details, and predict the fatigue performance of U-joints. The research compared equivalent traction structural stress distribution at different potential failure locations between three shell element models (Shell-1, Shell-2, and Shell-3) and a solid element model of U-joints with diaphragms, finding that the errors between the equivalent traction structural stress at the interior weld toe of the top plate to U rib and weld toe of the diaphragm to U rib calculated based on the Shell-1 and solid element models were 2.77% and 8.66%, respectively. These errors were significantly lower than the results of the Shell-2 and Shell-3 models. According to the master S-N curves, the fatigue life of U-joints with diaphragms was predicted to be approximately 3.2 million cycles when subjected to an external load of 60 kN.
Research on Drainage Asphalt Mixture Technology with High Connected Void Characteristics
Authors: Huang Zhiyong , Ni Yingqian , Cai Leizhou , Wang Cansheng
Published: December 2024

Drainage asphalt mixture mainly relies on internal connected voids to discharge surface water accumulation, but currently our design still considers void fraction rather than connected void fraction. To gain a more accurate understanding of the relationship between void fraction, connected void fraction, and drainage capacity, and to investigate the influence of sieve pass rate on connected void fraction, PAC-10 drainage asphalt mixture with different sieve pass rates was formed through indoor experiments to detect their void fraction, connected void fraction, and permeability coefficient. The results show that the volumetric method is more accurate in measuring porosity and connected porosity compared to the vacuum plastic sealing method, and connected porosity can better reflect the drainage capacity of drainage asphalt mixtures; By using linear fitting method, it is found that there is a linear relationship between porosity and connected porosity when the porosity is greater than 20%. When the porosity is less than 20%, the difference between porosity and connected porosity begins to increase; By using the forward method to screen variables and conducting regression analysis on experimental data, it was found that there is a linear relationship between the connected porosity and the pass rate of the 2.36 mm sieve. The smaller the pass rate of the 2.36 mm sieve, the greater the connected porosity; The connectivity porosity is only affected by the 4.75 mm pass rate, second only to the 2.36 mm pass rate. The closer the difference in pass rates between 4.75 mm and 2.36 mm, the greater the connectivity porosity.