bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic mapping of fiber color genes on two brown cotton cultivars in Xinjiang
Authors: Wang Lixiang , Liu Haifeng , Li Xueyuan , Xiao Xiangwen , Ai Xiantao , Luo Cheng , Zhu Lihuang , Li Xiaobo
Published: August 2014

In the present study, genetic linkage analysis was carried out to map the fiber color loci Lc

1
and Lc

2
on two brown cotton cultivars with SSR and EST-SSR markers in the reference map by F2 segregation populations. The Lc

1
locus carried by Xincaimian6 (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was flanked by the marker NAU2862 and NAU1043 on the long arm of Chromosome 07, with genetic distance 7.8 cM and 3.8 cM, respectively. The Lc

2
carried by Xincaimian 5 (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was flanked by the marker NAU5433 and NAU2968 on the short arm of Chromosome 06, with genetic distance 4.4 cM and 7.4 cM respectively. Moreover, the marker NAU3735 and marker NAU5434 co-segregated with the Lc

1
and the Lc

2
locus, respectively. The results of marker association studies with these two loci provides the basic information for the final isolation of these important genes in colored cotton, and these linkage markers also could facilitate application of marker assisted selection in the future.
Evaluation of different approaches to individual tree growth and survival modelling using data collected at irregular intervals – a case study for Pinus patula in Kenya
Authors: Juma Rita , Pukkala Timo , de-Miguel Sergio , Muchiri Mbae
Published: August 2014

Background

The minimum set of sub-models for simulating stand dynamics on an individual-tree basis consists of tree-level models for diameter increment and survival. Ingrowth model is a necessary third component in uneven-aged management. The development of this type of model set needs data from permanent plots, in which all trees have been numbered and measured at regular intervals for diameter and survival. New trees passing the ingrowth limit should also be numbered and measured. Unfortunately, few datasets meet all these requirements. The trees may not have numbers or the length of the measurement interval varies. Ingrowth trees may not have been measured, or the number tags may have disappeared causing errors in tree identification.

Methods

This article discussed and demonstrated the use of an optimization-based approach to individual-tree growth modelling, which makes it possible to utilize data sets having one or several of the above deficiencies. The idea is to estimate all parameters of the sub-models of a growth simulator simultaneously in such a way that, when simulation begins from the diameter distribution at the first measurement occasion, it yields a similar ending diameter distribution as measured in the second measurement occasion. The method was applied to Pinus patula permanent sample plot data from Kenya. In this dataset, trees were correctly numbered and identified but measurement interval varied from 1 to 13 years. Two simple regression approaches were used and compared to the optimization-based model recovery approach.

Results

The optimization-based approach resulted in far more accurate simulations of stand basal area and number of surviving trees than the equations fitted through regression analysis.

Conclusions

The optimization-based modelling approach can be recommended for growth modelling when the modelling data have been collected at irregular measurement intervals.
Monitoring managed aquifer recharge with electrical resistivity probes
Authors: Nenna Vanessa , Pidlisecky Adam , Knight Rosemary
Published: August 2014

The use of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) to supplement groundwater resources can mitigate the risks to an aquifer in overdraft. However, limited information on subsurface properties and processes that control groundwater flow may lead to low levels of recapture of infiltrated water, reducing the efficacy of MAR operations. We used long 1D electrical resistivity probes to monitor the subsurface response over one diversion season at five locations beneath an operating recharge pond in northern California. The experiment demonstrated the benefits of integrating geophysical and standard hydrologic measurements. The water table response interpreted from time-lapse electrical resistivity images was in good agreement with traditional pore-pressure transducer measurements at coincident locations. Moreover, the electrical resistivity measurements were able to identify vertical variations in water saturation that would not have appeared in pore-pressure data alone. Changes in saturation estimated from electrical resistivity models indicated large hydraulic gradients at early time and suggested the presence of highly permeable conduits and baffles between the surface and the screened interval of recovery wells. The interpreted structure of these conduits and baffles would contribute to the movement of a large amount of infiltrated water beyond the capture zone of recovery wells before pumping begins, accounting in part for the low recovery rates.
Understanding Our Own “Death by Amusement”
Authors: Dongfeng Tao
Published: August 2014

This essay provides an introduction to the ways in which Amusing Ourselves to Death by Neil Postman has been applied to Chinese cultural studies, and especially to media studies. It argues that the emerging phenomenon of “amusing ourselves to death” in China is fundamentally different from the phenomenon of “amusing ourselves to death” in the United States and that this difference has been masked by the decontextualized mechanical application of Western cultural theories, an increasingly common practice in Chinese cultural studies. In fact, Chinese-style “amusing ourselves to death” is a combination of George Orwell’s Big Brother and Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, as well as a product of Chinese post-totalitarianism or, in other words, of advanced totalitarianism. As such, it resembles neither a totalitarian culture of the Stalinist model nor an American-style “amusing ourselves to death,” but rather a new culture that combines totalitarianism and consumerism and that calls for theoretical innovations and reconstructions in cultural studies.
A Practical Evaluation of Qualitative and Quantitative Chemometric Models for Real-Time Monitoring of Moisture Content in a Fluidised Bed Dryer Using near Infrared Technology
Authors: Barla Venkata Sureshkumar , Kumar Rajendra , Nalluri Venkateshwar Rao , Gandhi Rahul R. , Venkatesh Krishna
Published: August 2014

Qualitative and quantitative chemometric models were evaluated to monitor moisture content of a wet granulation in a fluidised bed dryer using near infrared (NIR) technology. A principal component analysis (PCA) model was evaluated to obtain qualitative information. Multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares regression (PLS-R) and support vector machine regression (SVM-R) were evaluated using The Unscrambler® X. The PLS-R method was selected to demonstrate real-time monitoring of the moisture content. An ABB FT-NIR spectrometer with a Galileo direct-contact fibre-optic diffuse reflectance probe was used for NIR measurements. The Unscrambler® X Process Pulse was employed to upload the PLS-R model in measuring real-time moisture content. The PCA model successfully projected test batch data for the process signature and the PLS-R model successfully predicted (root mean square error of calibration: 0.5799 and R2: 0.9898; root mean square error of cross validation: 0.6595 and R2: 0.9868) the moisture content of the granulation during fluidised bed drying. Future work includes implementing the developed models for routine manufacture of drug product at commercial scales. Real-time determination of the end point for loss on drying (LOD) will eliminate the conventional, off-line LOD measurements currently in practice.
Near Infrared Spectroscopic Study of the Hydration/Swelling Process of Microcrystalline Cellulose, Starch and Carboxymethylcellulose
Authors: Hattori Yusuke , Otsuka Makoto
Published: August 2014

Disintegrating agents, such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), starch, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone, are often used as drug additives to make the tablet swell and disintegrate in water. Here, we investigated the swelling process of these agents via near infrared and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopic analysis. The traditional agents MCC and starch showed increments of loose hydration prior to strong hydration. However, strong hydration increases were followed by loose hydration for CMC. In conclusion, the distinguishing swelling property of CMC is provided by the first strong hydration of water molecules, which may avoid polymer–polymer interaction and induce water penetration into the drug tablet.
How Much Would You Pay to Resolve Long-Run Risk?
Authors: Epstein Larry G. , Farhi Emmanuel , Strzalecki Tomasz
Published: August 2014

Though risk aversion and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution have been the subjects of careful scrutiny, the long-run risks literature as well as the broader literature using recursive utility to address asset pricing puzzles has ignored the full implications of their parameter specifications. Recursive utility implies that the temporal resolution of risk matters and a quantitative assessment thereof should be part of the calibration process. This paper gives a sense of the magnitudes of implied timing premia. Its objective is to inject temporal resolution of risk into the discussion of the quantitative properties of long-run risks and related models. (JEL D81, G11, G12)
Determination of in vivo RNA kinetics using RATE-seq
Authors: Neymotin Benjamin , Athanasiadou Rodoniki , Gresham David
Published: August 2014

The abundance of a transcript is determined by its rate of synthesis and its rate of degradation; however, global methods for quantifying RNA abundance cannot distinguish variation in these two processes. Here, we introduce RNA approach to equilibrium sequencing (RATE-seq), which uses in vivo metabolic labeling of RNA and approach to equilibrium kinetics, to determine absolute RNA degradation and synthesis rates. RATE-seq does not disturb cellular physiology, uses straightforward normalization with exogenous spike-ins, and can be readily adapted for studies in most organisms. We demonstrate the use of RATE-seq to estimate genome-wide kinetic parameters for coding and noncoding transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The transfer of two rare monotypic genera, Neoeplingia and Chaunostoma, to Lepechinia (Lamiaceae), and notes on their conservation
Authors: Drew Bryan T. , Cacho N. Ivalú , Sytsma Kenneth J.
Published: August 2014

We present an updated circumscription of Lepechinia (Lamiaceae) based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast, nuclear ribosomal, and low–copy nuclear genes. In particular, the relationships between Lepechinia mexicana, Neoeplingia leucophylloides, and Chaunostoma mecistandrum, which range from central Mexico down to northern Central America, are explored in detail. We provide strong evidence for recent hybridization/introgression, and not incomplete lineage sorting, between adjacent populations of Lepechinia mexicana and Neoeplingia leucophylloides. The molecular data demonstrate that Neoeplingia leucophylloides and Chaunostoma mecistandrum, two species from monotypic genera with extremely narrow distributions, are embedded within Lepechinia. We formally rename the first as Lepechinia leucophylloides; the latter was previously renamed as Lepechinia mecistandrum. Both of these new Lepechinia species are exceedingly rare and worthy of protection.
Reducing neonatal admissions from home to the children's ward
Authors: Roth Carolyn , Dunn Jacqueline , Phillips Debra
Published: August 2014

This retrospective study of neonatal hospital admissions from home to the children's ward in 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 was conducted to ascertain if admissions had increased and what the pattern of these reflected. The findings were that neonatal admissions had increased but not significantly. Admissions associated with jaundice and feeding problems were the first and fifth most frequent reasons for admission respectively, accounting for high numbers of baby-days in hospital. High proportions of admissions in both categories required no overnight stay or only one night stay. A large number of babies required admission into the children's ward in the first month of life. A large portion of these admissions were for jaundice (20%) and feeding problems (10%) and in each category, a short stay in hospital predominated. There is potential to avoid such admissions, which might be amenable to management at home under the care of the midwife. The use of bilirubinometers in community midwifery practice might help reduce admissions for jaundice. A number of areas for further research are recommended. An important question to be examined is whether there is an association between neonatal hospital admissions and reduced home visits by midwives. In addition, more focused review of case notes of selected categories of neonatal admissions would enable exploration of social, economic, medical and other factors associated with neonatal hospitalization.
A 15-step model for writing a research proposal
Authors: Martin Caroline J Hollins , Fleming Valerie
Published: August 2014

On occasion midwives may be required to construct a research proposal. In the current climate of evidence-based practice, such activity is considered an elemental skill for career progression in both education and service. Examples of where writing a research proposal may be required include writing an assessment for under- and post-graduate research modules or designing a dissertation, MPhil, Prof Doc or PhD. Within clinical practice there are also audit and evaluation of practice responsibilities. With these factors at the forefront, this article provides a template specifically designed to direct midwives through the procedures of constructing a research proposal. The purpose of a research proposal is to produce a template of common understanding from which tasks are allocated, divided and discussed by researchers, clinical staff and in some cases participants. The finished product is then used to communicate intent to the ethics committees and grant funding bodies before authorization and money are awarded.
Managing dermal filler complications part 2: nodules and granulomas
Authors: Brackenbury Julie
Published: August 2014

Injectable soft tissue fillers have become an increasingly popular option for patients seeking facial rejuvenation. Their rise in popularity has been driven by a number of factors, most notably their minimally invasive nature. However, despite this, it is important for aesthetic practitioners to be aware that various complications can still occur. Fortunately, the majority of dermal filler adverse events are minor and transient, although the patient may consider them aesthetically displeasing and unacceptable. Major complications are rare, but can produce permanent, disfiguring damage. This article explores the development of nodules and granulomas following the administration of dermal fillers and outlines several treatment options, with the goal of helping practitioners to better understand the aetiology of inflammatory nodules and tailor their treatment strategies for this complication.
‘You can only do your best, and if you do that in everything you do, it will be enough’
Authors: Barton Cheryl , Senior Yvonne
Published: August 2014

In the field of medical aesthetics, it is common for nurses to work in isolation and meet only at annual conferences and association meetings. To get to know your peers, the Journal of Aesthetic Nursing’s consultant editor Cheryl Barton has undertaken a series of ten interviews with new and experienced aesthetic nurses, exploring their lives in and out of the clinic. Her first interview is with Yvonne Senior
111 Harley Street: a practice offering non-surgical and surgical procedures
Authors: Zadah Kate
Published: August 2014

When providing advice on running a successful clinic, nothing is better than experiencing the patient journey yourself, from the reception to the treatment room. In this practice management series, PR professional Kate Zadah travels the UK visiting clinics and reviewing their layouts, customer service, treatment menus and follow-up care. She will also highlight areas for improvement for each one
Incorporating technology into your clinic: booking systems and social media pages
Authors: Deakin Barbara
Published: August 2014

In today's modern world, many businesses have increased their efficiency and reach by creating social media channels such as Twitter and Facebook and employing systems to manage their client enquiries. Barbara Deakin thinks it's time for aesthetic clinics to embrace this new wave of technology with open arms and reap the benefits of being available to clients on multiple platforms
Using the Core Concepts Framework to Understand Three Generations of Inclusive Practices
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Wehmeyer Michael L.
Published: August 2014

This article analyzes the relationship between the core concepts of disability policy and the three generations of inclusive practices. Specifically, we review the three generations of inclusive practice, highlighting the core concepts that have been most strongly emphasized during each generation of inclusive practices. Because we are early in the third generation of inclusive practices, we conclude by examining how the core concepts can guide and direct third generation inclusive practices and how future research, policy, and practice can actualize the aspirational values of all of the core concepts to enable desired outcomes.
Die vorgestellte Stadt
Authors: Grubbauer Monika
Published: August 2014

Seit Mitte der 1990er-Jahre wird in Wien eine wettbewerbsorientierte Stadtentwicklungspolitik verfolgt. Die Stadt versucht, ihren Ruf als Touristenmetropole zu korrigieren und sich als internationaler Wirtschaftsstandort und »Ost-West-Drehscheibe« zu präsentieren. Monika Grubbauer zeigt, wie neue Büroarchitekturen und ihre medial verbreiteten Bilder dazu dienen, diesen wirtschaftspolitischen Imagewandel zu legitimieren und neue Vorstellungen von Stadt und Stadtwirtschaft zu etablieren. In einem transdisziplinären Zugang verknüpft sie Bob Jessops Konzept der ökonomischen Vorstellungswelten mit der aktuellen raumtheoretischen Debatte sowie mit architekturtheoretischen Ansätzen und diskurs- und bildwissenschaftlichen Methoden.
Das Schreiben des Abenteuers - das Abenteuer des Schreibens
Authors: Söllner-Fürst Ulrike
Published: August 2014

Alejo Carpentiers Roman »Los pasos perdidos« (Die verlorenen Spuren) gehört zu den großen Romanen der lateinamerikanischen Moderne. Ulrike Söllner-Fürsts Neulektüre unter dem Suchraster komparatistischer Intermedialitätsforschung legt die Bezüge dieses Textes zu Malerei, Fotografie, Musik, Theater, Tanz, Film und Architektur und seine poetologische Funktionalisierung medialer Relationen frei. Sie zeigt, wie der forciert intermediale und hochgradig reflexive Text die Grenzen des eigenen Mediums - der Literatur - auslotet, fortwährend die ästhetische Illusion der Ereignisse auf der Textoberfläche unterminiert und zu einer paradigmatischen metafiktionalen Reflexion der Medien und Künste selbst wird. Damit erweist die Studie auch die Leistungs- und Anschlussfähigkeit komparatistischer Intermedialitätsforschung.
Die Wirksamkeit der Rede
Authors: Hetzel Andreas
Published: August 2014

Die klassische Rhetorik sucht Antworten auf die Frage, wie mit Sprache Handlungen vollzogen, Überzeugungen vermittelt, Situationen verändert, Stimmungen gewendet und soziale Institutionen geschaffen werden. Andreas Hetzel rekonstruiert das Sprachdenken von Gorgias, Isokrates, Aristoteles, Cicero und Quintilian, um mit und ausgehend von diesen klassischen Autoren eine »Pragmatik jenseits der Handlungstheorie« zu entfalten. In Zurückweisung essentialistischer Implikationen neuzeitlicher Sprachphilosophie wird Sprache dabei als situierte, adressierte und sich erst in ihren (nicht zuletzt politischen) Wirkungen vollendende »Rede« verstanden.
Theater der Nacktheit
Authors: Traub Ulrike
Published: August 2014

Nach wie vor ein Tabuthema: Nackte Körper auf der Bühne. Dabei ist dieses Stilmittel keine Erfindung eines skandalheischenden Regietheaters, sondern ein Spiegel des vorherrschenden Körperverständnisses. Der nackte Körper wird zum Prüfstein für die Zivilisation der Gesellschaft und erhält ideologische Bedeutung: In der Freikörperkultur steht er für ein Lebensgefühl, während der 1960er und 70er Jahre wird er zum Symbol eines politischen Anliegens und in der jüngsten Zeit avanciert er zu einem Protestinstrument gegen den Schönheitskult. Anhand zahlreicher Beispiele - von Isadora Duncan über Hair bis Jürgen Gosch - illustriert Ulrike Traub diese Funktionen der Nacktheit auf der Bühne.
Die Diagnosegesellschaft
Authors: Osrecki Fran
Published: August 2014

Soziologische Zeitdiagnosen unterscheiden sich durch ihre Nähe zu massenmedialer Berichterstattung von anderen soziologischen Genres. Zur Untermauerung dieser These analysiert Fran Osrecki die Argumentationsstrategien gängiger Gegenwartsdiagnosen und entwickelt hierzu ein qualitatives Verfahren zur Untersuchung soziologischer Argumentationsmuster. Neben einer theoretischen und historischen Aufarbeitung des Genres bietet das Buch einen innovativen Zugang an der Schnittstelle zwischen Wissenschaftssoziologie, Gesellschaftstheorie und Medienforschung - und ist die erste umfassende Analyse massenmedial anschlussfähiger Soziologie.
Der Vortrag als Performance
Authors: Peters Sibylle
Published: August 2014

Mit der Lecture Performance ist in jüngster Zeit ein neues Format zwischen Kunst und Wissenschaft entstanden. Doch die Kunst des Vortragens hat eine lange Geschichte. Seit Jahrhunderten greifen Wissenspräsentation und Wissensproduktion in der Performance des Vortrags ineinander: Wann wird aus »Show and Tell« Evidenz? Welche Öffentlichkeiten braucht Forschung? Wie verbinden sich Geistesblitze und Medien im Theater des Wissens? Mit Analysen zum freien Vortrag, zum Experimental- und Lichtbildvortrag, zur PowerPoint-Präsentation, zur Online-Lecture und zur künstlerischen Vortragsperformance bietet dieser Band erstmals einen Überblick über einflussreiche Vortragsszenarien und ihre Geschichte.
Reines und gemischtes Blut
Authors: Spörri Myriam
Published: August 2014

Die Rede vom »reinen Blut« ist kein Spezifikum des Nationalsozialismus. Vielmehr prägte sie die Geschichte des Blutes schon seit der Antike und konfigurierte auch die deutsche Blutgruppenforschung, die in der Weimarer Republik ihren fulminanten Durchbruch erlebte. Myriam Spörris Kulturgeschichte der Blutgruppenforschung zeichnet die Modernisierungen der traditionellen Metaphern des Blutes nach: Während sich die Seroanthropologie dem Zusammenhang von Blutgruppen und »Rassen« verschrieb, suchte die deutsche Transfusionsmedizin möglichst »reines« Blut zu übertragen - und vor Gericht kamen die Blutgruppen als Abstammungsmarker bei Vaterschaftsklagen zum Tragen. Ausgezeichnet mit dem Henry-E.-Sigerist-Preis für Nachwuchsförderung in der Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften.
Partizipation der Blicke
Authors: Czirak Adam
Published: August 2014

In der Theater- und Performancekunst lässt sich eine Inszenierungstendenz verfolgen, die sich durch die wechselseitige Sichtbarmachung von Aufführungsteilnehmern auszeichnet. Entsprechend wird der Betrachterblick nicht nur für die visuelle Wahrnehmung, sondern auch für soziale Partizipation konstitutiv. Adam Czirak fragt, inwieweit die Idealvorstellung eines zentralperspektivisch organisierten Sehens unterlaufen oder mit Irritationsmomenten des Angeblickt-Seins verschränkt wird. Seine Studie erkundet die vorherrschenden Sehmodalitäten der zeitgenössischen Theaterrezeption und fragt nach den ästhetischen, soziokulturellen und kommunikativen Dimensionen des Zuschauens.
Die Disziplin der Neugierde
Authors: Franzmann Andreas
Published: August 2014

Wie funktioniert die professionsethische Selbstkontrolle in den Wissenschaften? Anhand von Interviews mit Naturwissenschaftlern untersucht Andreas Franzmann die Haltung, mit der Forscher sich in ein Unbekanntes vorwagen, und gewinnt dabei ein Bild ihres professionalisierten Habitus. Es zeigt sich: Forschung ist ein Prozess der Krisenbewältigung, der sich ständig zwischen Neuem und Routine, Durchbruch und Alltag, Neugierde und Disziplin bewegen muss. Der Detailreichtum der Analyse erschließt ein lebendiges Bild dieser Spannungspole, zeigt biographische Antriebe auf und führt in aktuelle Forschungsfragen der Fächer ein.
Badende Männer
Authors: Körber Lill-Ann
Published: August 2014

Der Strand wird zum Atelier, der männliche Körper zum Motiv, eine Kunsthalle zum Schwimmbad. Das Buch präsentiert mit Edvard Munch, Eugène Jansson, J.A.G. Acke und J.F. Willumsen vier skandinavische Künstler, die um 1910 das Baden, ihren eigenen nackten Körper und den männlichen Akt entdecken, mit Fotografie experimentieren und visuelle Autobiografien entwerfen. Die Reaktionen des Publikums reichten von Zensur bis zur Feier einer als spezifisch nordisch aufgefassten Natürlichkeit. Lill-Ann Körber erörtert die Geschichten hinter den Bildern, eröffnet einen neuen Blick auf Edvard Munch und verbindet Kunst-, Medien- und Kulturgeschichte mit Fragen nach Männlichkeit und Sexualität.
Style Politics
Authors: Dorestal Philipp
Published: August 2014

Wie wird Style als Mittel der politischen Intervention eingesetzt? Die US-amerikanische Bürgerrechtsbewegung und afroamerikanische Organisationen wie die Black Panther Party oder die Nation of Islam - aber auch das Blaxploitation-Filmgenre - bedienten sich eines spezifischen Stylings, um darüber politische Identitäten wie Gender, Race und Sexualität zu inszenieren. Mithilfe der Performativitätstheorie und Ansätzen aus den Cultural Studies eröffnet Philipp Dorestal eine neue Perspektive auf die Geschichte der African Americans und leistet damit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Kulturgeschichte des Politischen.
Japanische Blickwelten
Authors: Heinze Ulrich
Published: August 2014

Japan - Kultur der kasogenjitsu (künstlichen Realität). Weltweit erobert sie Köpfe und Körper mit Manga und Anime, Tamagotchi und Pokémon. Die Blickwelten ihrer Medien saugen uns hinein in die Geschichte(n) der Nation. Ulrich Heinze taucht ein in den Text dieses Autoskripts, reist durch die Zeit in die Gegenwart des Manga, erforscht Journalismus, Museen, Vergnügungsparks und deutet die Bildmetaphern der Fernsehwerbung. Netzhautnah verschmilzt die kasogenjitsu Fiktion mit Erfahrung im Reich der unerreichbaren Psyche. Übersetzungen japanischer Medientheoretiker (Yoshimi Shunya, Osawa Masachi, Okonogi Keigo) gewähren weitere Einblicke zweiter Ordnung in die Seele der japanischen Gesellschaft.
Werbung mit Behinderung
Authors: Eckert Martin
Published: August 2014

Menschen mit Behinderungen kommen in kommerziellen Werbeanzeigen nur selten vor. Dies kann aus Sicht Betroffener als Akt der Stigmatisierung empfunden werden, ist aus der Perspektive der Werbenden jedoch mit der Angst vor negativen Konsumentenreaktionen begründet. Doch inwieweit sind diese Bedenken noch zeitgemäß? Martin Eckerts soziologische Studie zu dieser hierzulande innovativen Thematik stellt sich der Herausforderung, ein nahezu unsichtbares Phänomen empirisch zu analysieren. Er verknüpft hierbei die Perspektiven der Werbung und der Medienwirkungsforschung mit (in der Wissenschaft wie in der Gesellschaft) hochaktuellen Fragestellungen der Disability Studies.
Lokale Identität und ländliche Revitalisierung
Authors: Reiher Cornelia
Published: August 2014

Arita steht für japanisches Porzellan, Tradition und eine transnationale Geschichte. Seit den 1990er Jahren jedoch ist die lokale Keramikbranche von einer Absatzkrise betroffen. Welche Strategien entwickeln lokale Akteure, um die Krise zu überwinden, und welche Rolle spielt dabei lokale Identität? Vor dem Hintergrund der japanischen Dezentralisierungs- und Regionalentwicklungspolitik diskutiert Cornelia Reiher die Frage nach den Perspektiven lokaler Handwerkscluster im globalen Kapitalismus. Sie zeigt: Aritas ökonomische und kulturelle Marginalisierung und deren soziale Folgen stehen für die Herausbildung einer neuen Peripherie an den Rändern der OECD-Welt.
Grundeinkommen statt Urheberrecht?
Authors: Braun Ilja
Published: August 2014

Das Urheberrecht ist im Digitalzeitalter in eine fundamentale Krise geraten. Dabei ist Kreativität in der immateriellen Ökonomie der wesentliche Wertschöpfungsfaktor geworden. Doch wer ist heute kreativ, und wer eignet sich die Gewinne an? Kann das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen eine Antwort auf diese Krise geben? Ilja Brauns Essay ordnet die unübersichtliche Debatte über das Urheberrecht und weist Wege aus der Prekarisierung von Kreativarbeit. Geistiges Eigentum und freies Wissen - zwischen diesen beiden Polen hat sich die Debatte um das Urheberrecht im Digitalzeitalter eingependelt. Dabei geht es längst um viel mehr: Kreativität ist der wesentliche Produktivfaktor in einer zunehmend auf immaterielle Wertschöpfung ausgerichteten Ökonomie. Unternehmen erwirtschaften ihre Gewinne mit »Innovationen« und »Ideen«. Doch was geben sie dafür an die Kreativschaffenden zurück? Ilja Brauns Essay ordnet die unübersichtliche Debatte über das Urheberrecht. Dabei nimmt er von der Kulturflatrate bis zur Idee einer öffentlich-rechtlichen Produktionsfinanzierung die wichtigsten Lösungsansätze kritisch in den Blick, um schließlich den Bogen zur Diskussion um das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen zu schlagen. Kann es eine Antwort auf die digitale Krise des Urheberrechts und die Demokratisierung der Kreativität sein?
Optimale und recheneffiziente Sensorplatzierung in Kühlöfen
Authors: Salzig Christian , Wirsen Andreas , Wallat Wolfgang
Published: August 2014

Um bei der Glasherstellung qualitativ hochwertige Produkte zu erhalten, muss eine genaue Temperaturregelung beim Abkühlprozess des heißen Glases sichergestellt sein.
Temperatursensoren müssen dazu so positioniert werden, dass sie den maximalen Ertrag an Systeminformation liefern.
Wir zeigen, wie man diesen Informationsgehalt bestimmt und präsentieren einen effizienten Algorithmus für die optimale Sensorplatzierung.
Asphalt Image Miner: Ein Werkzeug zur automatischen Quantifizierung der Gesteinskörnungen in Asphaltproben
Authors: Reischl Markus , Wittenberg Anne , Karcher Carsten , Mikut Ralf
Published: August 2014

Der Beitrag beschreibt eine MATLAB-Toolbox zur Segmentierung der Gesteinskörnungen in Asphalt-Probekörpern und deren Kopplung an die Data-Mining-Toolbox Gait-CAD. Auf der Basis von einfachen Kameraaufnahmen mit eingebrachtem Maßstab wird ein Algorithmus vorgestellt, der Gesteinskörnungen robust erkennt und in vorgegebene Kornklassen einteilt. Innerhalb einer grafischen Benutzerschnittstelle kann der Anwender die Prozessierung durch Standardelemente (Menüeinträge, Check-Boxen etc.) steuern und grundlegende Parameter anpassen. Alle Gesteinskörnungen werden dann in einen Merkmalsraum überführt und können mit der Data-Mining-Toolbox Gait-CAD prozessiert werden.
Cysteine cathepsins and cystatins: from ancillary tasks to prominent status in lung diseases
Authors: Lalmanach Gilles , Saidi Ahlame , Marchand-Adam Sylvain , Lecaille Fabien , Kasabova Mariana
Published: August 2014

Human cysteine cathepsins (family C1, clan CA) have long been regarded as ubiquitous household enzymes, primarily involved in the recycling and degradation of proteins in lysosomes. This opinion has changed considerably during recent decades, however, with the demonstration of their involvement in various physiological processes. A growing body of evidence supports the theory that cathepsins play specific functions in lung homeostasis and pathophysiological events such as asthma, lung fibrosis (including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (embracing emphysema and chronic bronchitis), silicosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia or tumor invasion. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the current knowledge of the role of these enzymes in the lung. Particular attention has been paid to the understanding of the role of these proteases and their natural inhibitors, cystatins (family I25, clan IH), in TGF-β1-driven fibrotic processes with an emphasis on lung fibrosis.
Complex and irregular heart rate dynamics in fetuses compromised by maternal anemia as a high-risk pregnancy
Authors: Park Young-Sun , Hoh Jeong-Kyu
Published: August 2014

Aim: To examine how complex and irregular fetal heart rate (FHR) dynamics differ between fetuses of normal pregnancies and those of pregnancies complicated by maternal anemia (MA), and to place this in the context of high-risk pregnancies.

Methods: Our study population consisted of 97 pregnant women affected by MA, 118 affected by pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), 88 affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), 53 with preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM), and 356 normal pregnancies as controls. We calculated approximate entropy (ApEn), sample entropy (SampEn), and correlation dimension (CD) to quantify irregularity and the chaotic dynamics of each FHR time series.

Results: The ApEn in the fetuses of the MA and PIH groups was significantly lower than that of the normal controls (P<0.05). The SampEn was significantly lower in the high-risk groups, except for the pPROM group, than in the normal controls (P<0.05). The CD in the PIH and severe MA groups was significantly lower than that of the normal controls (P<0.05, respectively). In the MA group, the dynamic indices showed a highly significant positive correlation with hemoglobin (Hb) levels (P<0.0001).

Conclusion: The decreased complexity and/or irregularity in the FHR from pregnancies with MA may reflect abnormalities in the complex, integrated cardiovascular control. The irregularity and complexity of the FHR increased together with Hb levels in pregnancies with MA. Our data suggest that the integrity of the nervous system in the fetuses compromised by severe MA might result directly in adverse outcomes.
A Comparative Assessment of the Hardness of Nano-Structured Bainitic Steel Affected by Using Various Quenchants
Authors: Polishetty Ashwin , Sonavane Chinmay , Littlefair Guy
Published: August 2014

Quenching, in heat treatment, plays a vital role in controlling material properties. It is the most important step in manipulating the strength of steel. It involves cooling the material from the austenitizing temperature at different cooling rates using variations in quenchants to obtain corresponding material properties. The commonly used quenchants are water, oil, and brine. The cooling rate is the rate at which heat is ejected from the material by the quenchant. The effectiveness of the quenchant is judged by its ability to absorb heat from the material and thermally conduct. Because of stringent regulations regarding use and disposal, there is a need to develop new, environmentally friendly quenchants. The experimental design in this study consisted of quenching austenitized nano-structured bainitic steel in four different quenchants, namely, water, oil, brine, and 1 m sodium carbonate solution. This research gives the insight of substituting conventional quenchants with 1 m sodium carbonate solution. The final four samples were characterized using metallography. A comparative study of the hardness of nano-structured bainitic steel quenched in the newly developed quenchant (i.e., 1 m sodium carbonate solution) and of steel quenched with the conventional one is done. All the results are tabulated, and the applicability of the quenchants is discussed.
Allegorical Architecture in Scivias:
Authors: Fassler Margot E.
Published: August 2014

Hildegard of Bingen's Ordo Virtutum has come to occupy a major role among Western European dramatic musical works, with scenes widely anthologized, multiple studies in print, and several recordings. I argue that the “setting” of Hildegard's Ordo Virtutum is the allegorical architecture created in her first major treatise, Scivias, written in the 1140s and early 1150s. In this period, while Hildegard was composing the play and writing her first major theological work, she was also designing a complex of new monastic buildings, which helps explain her concentration on architectural themes and images. Hildegard has situated the main “acts” of the play within allegorical towers, and the musical dimensions of the play are driven by its unfolding within this architectural understanding, including the “climbing” through the modes and the development of longer processional chants that link the action in one tower or pillar to that of another. We can see that the particular characters chosen for the play from a broad array of possibilities, underscore themes that relate to the lives and governance of Benedictine nuns. Hildegard's work provided parallels for her community between the allegorical architecture of Scivias, the play and its music, and the new church whose building was overseen by Hildegard.
Estriol strongly inhibits DNCB-induced contact dermatitis: role of antigen-specific antibodies in pathogenesis
Authors: Zhang Elizabeth Yan , Zhu Bao-Ting
Published: August 2014

The endogenous estrogens are important modulators of the immune system and its functions. However, their effects are rather complex and many aspects have not been studied. In this study, we used the 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced contact dermatitis as a disease model and investigated the effect of estriol (E3), along with two other estrogens, 17β-estradiol and estrone, on the pathogenesis of contact hypersensitivity. A series of parameters, such as ear swelling, skin inflammation, antigen-specific immunoglobulins, and lymphocyte compositions in peripheral lymphoid organs, were evaluated in mice following development of contact dermatitis. We found that administration of all three estrogens elicited strong inhibition of DNCB-induced dermatitis, while E3 exerted the strongest suppressive effect. Administration of E3 alleviated dermatitis, and this effect was accompanied by decreases in serum DNCB-specific immunoglobulins, such as IgA, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b. Besides, treatment with E3 reduced B cell population, especially IgG-producing cells in the peripheral lymphoid organs following the induction of dermatitis. These observations consistently suggest that the antibody (Ab)-mediated humoral immune reactions play a critical role in the pathogenesis of DNCB-induced contact dermatitis. The results from this study demonstrate, for the first time, that estrogen administration has a strong suppressive effect on the pathogenesis of contact dermatitis. These findings offer important insights concerning the pathogenic role of antigen-specific Abs in contact dermatitis and the treatment of chemical-induced, Ab-mediated skin hypersensitivity reactions in humans.
GEP–NETs UPDATE: Radionuclide therapy in neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: van der Zwan Wouter A , Bodei Lisa , Mueller-Brand Jan , de Herder Wouter W , Kvols Larry K , Kwekkeboom Dik J
Published: August 2014

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a promising new treatment modality for inoperable or metastasized gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) patients. Most studies report objective response rates in 15–35% of patients. Also, outcome in terms of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival compares very favorably with that for somatostatin analogs, chemotherapy, or new, ‘targeted’ therapies. They also compare favorably to PFS data for liver-directed therapies. Two decades after the introduction of PRRT, there is a growing need for randomized controlled trials comparing PRRT to ‘standard’ treatment, that is treatment with agents that have proven benefit when tested in randomized trials. Combining PRRT with liver-directed therapies or with targeted therapies could improve treatment results. The question to be answered, however, is whether a combination of therapies performed within a limited time-span from one another results in a better PFS than a strategy in which other therapies are reserved until after (renewed) tumor progression. Randomized clinical trials comparing PRRT with other treatment modalities should be undertaken to determine the best treatment options and treatment sequelae for patients with GEPNETs.
Hypogonadism as an additional indication for bariatric surgery in male morbid obesity?
Authors: Samavat Jinous , Facchiano Enrico , Lucchese Marcello , Forti Gianni , Mannucci Edoardo , Maggi Mario , Luconi Michaela
Published: August 2014

Objective

Male obesity is often associated with reduced levels of circulating total (TT) and calculated free testosterone (cFT), with normal/reduced gonadotropins. Bariatric surgery often improves sex steroid and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of bariatric surgery on waist circumference (WC) and BMI, and on TT levels, in morbidly obese men, stratified, according to the gonadal state, in eugonadal and hypogonadal (TT<8 nmol/l) subjects.

Design

A cohort of morbidly obese patients (29 with hypogonadism (HG) and 26 without) undergoing bariatric surgery (37, 10, 6, and 2, with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, biliopancreatic diversion and gastric sleeve, respectively) was studied at 6 and 12 months from the operation.

Methods

Anthropometric parameters (weight, BMI, WC) and sex hormones (gonadotropins, TT, cFT, estradiol (E2), SHBG) were assessed.

Results

WC was the only parameter significantly correlated with androgens, but not with E2, SHBG, and gonadotropins, at baseline. After surgery, a significant increase in TT, cFT, and SHBG, accompanied by a decrease in E2, was evident in the two groups. However, both TT and cFT, but not E2, SHBG, and gonadotropin variations, were significantly higher in the hypogonadal group at follow-up, with an overall 93% complete recovery from HG. Reduction in WC, but not BMI, was significantly greater in hypogonadal men (ΔWC=−29.4±21.6 vs −14.4±17.4 at 12 months, P=0.047).

Conclusions

Recovery from obesity-associated HG is one of the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery in morbidly obese men. The present findings suggest that the gonadal state is a predictor of WC decrease after bariatric surgery.
UCP1 is present in porcine adipose tissue and is responsive to postnatal leptin
Authors: Mostyn Alison , Attig Linda , Larcher Thibaut , Dou Samir , Chavatte-Palmer Pascale , Boukthir Monia , Gertler Arieh , Djiane Jean , E Symonds Michael , Abdennebi-Najar Latifa
Published: August 2014

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may be accompanied by inadequate thermoregulation, especially in piglets that are not considered to possess any brown adipose tissue (BAT) and are thus entirely dependent on shivering thermogenesis in order to maintain body temperature after birth. Leptin can stimulate heat production by promoting non-shivering thermogenesis in BAT, but whether this response occurs in piglets is unknown. Newborn female piglets that were characterised as showing IUGR (mean birth weight of approximately 0.98 kg) were therefore administered injections of either saline or leptin once a day for the first 5 days of neonatal life. The dose of leptin was 0.5 mg/kg, which is sufficient to increase plasma leptin by approximately tenfold and on the day of birth induced a rapid increase in body temperature to values similar to those of normal-sized ‘control’ piglets (mean birth weight of ∼1.47 kg). Perirenal adipose tissue was then sampled from all offspring at 21 days of age and the presence of the BAT-specific uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was determined by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. UCP1 was clearly detectable in all samples analysed and its abundance was significantly reduced in the IUGR piglets that had received saline compared with controls, but was raised to the same amount as in controls in those IUGR females given leptin. There were no differences in gene expression between primary markers of brown and white adipose tissues between groups. In conclusion, piglets possess BAT that when stimulated exogenously by leptin can promote increased body temperature.
Serum cholesterol selectively regulates glucocorticoid sensitivity through activation of JNK
Authors: Yang Nan , Caratti Giorgio , Ince Louise M , Poolman Toryn M , Trebble Peter J , Holt Cathy M , Ray David W , Matthews Laura C
Published: August 2014

Glucocorticoids (Gc) are potent anti-inflammatory agents with wide clinical application. We have previously shown that increased serum concentration significantly attenuates regulation of a simple Gc-responsive reporter. We now find that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) regulation of some endogenous transactivated but not transrepressed genes is impaired, suggesting template specificity. Serum did not directly affect GR expression, activity or trafficking, implicating GR crosstalk with other signalling pathways. Indeed, a JNK inhibitor completely abolished the serum effect. We identified the Gc modulating serum component as cholesterol. Cholesterol loading mimicked the serum effect, which was readily reversed by JNK inhibition. Chelation of serum cholesterol with methyl-β-cyclodextrin or inhibition of cellular cholesterol synthesis with simvastatin potentiated the Gc response. To explore the effectin vivowe usedApoE−/−mice, a model of hypercholesterolaemia. Consistent with ourin vitrostudies, we find no impact of elevated cholesterol on the expression of GR, or on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, measured by dexamethasone suppression test. Instead we find selective Gc resistance on some hepatic target genes inApoE−/−mice. Therefore, we have discovered an unexpected role for cholesterol as a selective modulator of Gc actionin vivo. Taken together these findings reveal a new environmental constraint on Gc action with relevance to both inflammation and cancer.
Lamin A/C proteins in the spermatid acroplaxome are essential in mouse spermiogenesis
Authors: Shen Jian , Chen Wen , Shao Binbin , Qi Yujuan , Xia Zhengrong , Wang Fuqiang , Wang Lei , Guo Xuejiang , Huang Xiaoyan , Sha Jiahao
Published: August 2014

Spermiogenesis is a complex process of terminal differentiation that is necessary to produce mature sperm. Using protein expression profiles of mouse and human testes generated from our previous studies, we chose to examine the actions of lamin A/C in the current investigation. Lamin A and lamin C are isoforms of the A-type lamins that are encoded by theLMNAgene. Our results showed that lamin A/C was expressed in the mouse testis throughout the different stages of spermatogenesis and in mature sperm. Lamin A/C was also expressed in mouse haploid germ cells and was found to be localized to the acroplaxome in spermiogenesis, from round spermatids until mature spermatozoa. The decreased expression of lamin A/C following injections of siRNA againstLmnacaused a significant increase in caudal sperm head abnormalities when compared with negative controls. These abnormalities were characterized by increased fragmentation of the acrosome and abnormal vesicles, which failed to fuse to the developing acrosome. This fragmentation also caused significant alterations in nuclear elongation and acrosome formation. Furthermore, we found that lamin A/C interacted with the microtubule plus-end-tracking protein CLIP170. These results suggest that lamin A/C is critical for proper structural and functional development of the sperm acrosome and head shape.