bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Hospitalizations for Cardiogenic Shock at Left Ventricular Assist Device Versus Non–Left Ventricular Assist Device Centers
Authors: Wang Joseph I. , Lu Daniel Y. , MHS  , Feldman Dmitriy N. , McCullough Stephen A. , Goyal Parag , Karas Maria G. , Sobol Irina , Horn Evelyn M. , Kim Luke K. , Krishnan Udhay
Published: November 2020

Background

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a complex syndrome associated with high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, many US hospitals have formed multidisciplinary shock teams capable of rapid diagnosis and triage. Because of preexisting collaborative systems of care, hospitals with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) programs may also represent “centers of excellence” for CS care. However, the outcomes of patients with CS at LVAD centers have not been previously evaluated.

Methods and Results

Patients with CS were identified in the 2012 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample. Clinical characteristics, revascularization rates, and use of mechanical circulatory support were analyzed in LVAD versus non‐LVAD centers. The association between hospital type and in‐hospital mortality was examined using multivariable logistic regression models. Of 272 075 hospitalizations, 26.0% were in LVAD centers. CS attributable to causes other than acute myocardial infarction represented most cases. In‐hospital mortality was lower in LVAD centers (38.9% versus 43.3%;
P
<0.001). In multivariable analysis, the odds of mortality remained significantly lower for hospitalizations in LVAD centers (odds ratio, 0.89;
P
<0.001). In patients with CS secondary to acute myocardial infarction, revascularization rates were similar between LVAD and non‐LVAD centers. The use of intra‐aortic balloon pump (18.7% versus 18.8%) and Impella/TandemHeart (2.6% versus 1.9%) was similar between hospital types, whereas extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used more frequently in LVAD centers (4.3% versus 0.2%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Risk‐adjusted mortality was lower in patients with CS who were hospitalized at LVAD centers. These centers likely represent specialized, shock team capable institutions across the country that may be best suited to manage patients with CS.
Aging Impairs Mitochondrial Function and Mitophagy and Elevates Interleukin 6 Within the Cerebral Vasculature
Authors: Tyrrell Daniel J. , Blin Muriel G. , Song Jianrui , Wood Sherri C. , Goldstein Daniel R.
Published: November 2020

Background

The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is critical for cerebrovascular health. Although aging impairs the integrity of the BBB, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not clear. As mitochondrial components activate inflammation as mitochondria become dysfunctional, we examined how aging impacts cerebrovascular mitochondrial function, mitophagy, and inflammatory signaling; and whether any alterations correlate with BBB function.

Methods and Results

We isolated cerebral vessels from young (2–3 months of age) and aged (18–19 months of age) mice and found that aging led to increases in the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1 senescence marker with impaired mitochondrial function, which correlated with aged mice exhibiting increased BBB leak compared with young mice. Cerebral vessels also exhibited increased expression of mitophagy proteins Parkin and Nix with aging. Using mitophagy reporter (mtKeima) mice, we found that the capacity to increase mitophagy from baseline within the cerebral vessels on rotenone treatment was reduced with aging. Aging within the cerebral vessels also led to the upregulation of the stimulator of interferon genes and increased interleukin 6 (IL‐6), a cytokine that alters mitochondrial function. Importantly, exogenous IL‐6 treatment of young cerebral vessels upregulated mitophagy and Parkin and impaired mitochondrial function; whereas inhibiting IL‐6 in aged cerebral vessels reduced Parkin expression and increased mitochondrial function. Furthermore, treating cerebral vessels of young mice with mitochondrial N‐formyl peptides upregulated IL‐6, increased Parkin, and reduced Claudin‐5, a tight junction protein integral to BBB integrity.

Conclusions

Aging alters the cerebral vasculature to impair mitochondrial function and mitophagy and increase IL‐6 levels. These alterations may impair BBB integrity and potentially reduce cerebrovascular health with aging.
Association of Serum Lipoprotein (a) Levels and Coronary Atheroma Volume by Intravascular Ultrasound
Authors: Huded Chetan P. , Shah Nishant P. , Puri Rishi , Nicholls Stephen J. , Wolski Kathy , Nissen Steven E. , Cho Leslie
Published: November 2020

Background

Lp(a) (lipoprotein (a)) is a risk factor for cardiovascular events, but the mechanism of increased risk is uncertain. This study evaluated the relationship between Lp(a) and coronary atheroma volume by intravascular ultrasound.

Methods and Results

This was a post hoc analysis of 6 randomized trials of coronary atheroma by intravascular ultrasound. The population was stratified into high (≥60 mg/dL) and low (<60 mg/dL) baseline serum Lp(a). The primary outcome was baseline coronary percent atheroma volume. A mixed model adjusted for baseline low density lipoprotein, ApoB (apoliporotein B100), non‐high density lipoprotein, sex, age, race, history of myocardial infarction, statin use, and intravascular ultrasound study was used to provide estimates of baseline plaque burden. Of 3943 patients, 17.3% (683) had Lp(a) ≥ 60 mg/dL and 82.7% (3260) had Lp(a) < 60 mg/dL. At baseline, uncorrected low density lipoprotein level (107.7 ± 32.0 versus 99.1 ± 31.5) and statin therapy (99.0% versus 97.0%) were higher in patients with high Lp(a) levels, but low density lipoprotein corrected for Lp(a) was lower (80.6 ± 32.0 versus 94.0 ± 31.4) in patients with high Lp(a) levels. Percent atheroma volume was significantly higher in the high Lp(a) group in unadjusted (38.2% [32.8, 43.6] versus 37.1% [31.4, 43.1],
P
=0.01) and risk‐adjusted analyses (38.7%±0.5 versus 37.5%±0.5,
P
<0.001). There was a significant association of increasing risk‐adjusted percent atheroma volume across quintiles of Lp(a) (Lp(a) quintiles 1‐5; 37.3 ± 0.5%, 37.2 ± 0.5%, 37.3 ± 0.5%, 38.0 ± 0.5%, 38.5 ± 0.5%,
P
=0.002).

Conclusions

Elevated Lp(a) is independently associated with increased percent atheroma volume. Further work is needed to clarify the relationship of Lp(a)‐lowering treatment with cardiovascular outcomes.
The Elusive Governance of Climate Change: Nationally Determined Contributions as Commitments and Negotiating Positions
Authors: Leinaweaver Justin , Thomson Robert
Published: November 2020

Since the Paris Agreement of 2016, the international community’s main approach to addressing climate change is for states to determine their own commitments in a pledge and review system. Parties to the Paris Agreement formulate Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), which are documents that give details of their national policies and plans. They are free to formulate and present national policies as they choose, and as a result, there is substantial variation in the content and form of NDCs. This study presents a new framework for assessing and comparing the political meanings of these documents. The framework builds on two distinct ways in which NDCs can be understood. NDCs may be commitments to the international community and domestic actors. Alternatively, they may embody states’ negotiating positions in an ongoing process of national and international interactions. The framework consists of a set of thematic categories to which each sentence of these documents can be allocated. The application of this framework enables us to compare the political content of states’ NDCs systematically. The study demonstrates the validity of the framework by correlating its results with key characteristics of states. The findings also provide evidence for the two distinct perspectives on these documents.
Expansion of Calanthe to include the species of Cephalantheropsis, Gastrorchis and Phaius (Collabieae; Orchidaceae)
Authors: CHASE MARK W. , CHRISTENHUSZ MAARTEN J. M. , SCHUITEMAN ANDRÉ
Published: November 2020

To address the polyphyly of Phaius and Calanthe in recent molecular studies, we recommend the merger of these genera along with Cephalantheropsis and Gastrorchis, which are embedded among the first two genera. Some authors have instead proposed to segregate new genera from both Phaius and Calanthe, but this results in generic concepts for which there are no reasonable morphological differences. It is in the interest of nomenclatural stability to combine these genera, so we here make the necessary combinations and provide new names to enable users to employ this broadened generic concept of Calanthe.
Notes on the taxonomy of some “Astaena” species described by Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)
Authors: PACHECO THAYNARA L. , MONNÉ MARCELA L. , VAZ-DE-MELLO FERNANDO Z. , AHRENS DIRK
Published: November 2020

In the framework of the taxonomic revision of South American Sericini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), we examined the type specimens of the species described by Burmeister (1855) in the genus Astaena Erichson, 1847. A few taxa resulted to not belong to the South American Sericini fauna, either due to different geographical provenience or due to incorrect systematical placement within Sericini. Two new combinations and one new synonymy are proposed: Neoserica pubescens (Burmeister, 1855), new combination (= Neoserica subsetosa Ahrens & Fabrizi, 2016: 121, new synonymy) and Manonychus robustus (Burmeister, 1855), new combination.
A new Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India
Authors: SAYYED AMIT , SULAKHE SHAURI
Published: November 2020

A new species belonging to the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 is described from the Rangana Fort mountain range of the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India. A preliminary 16S rRNA phylogeny of Indian Cnemaspis is provided and the phylogenetic position of the new species is established within the goaensis clade. The new species, Cnemaspis ranganaensis sp. nov. can easily be distinguished from all Indian congeners by having 3 or 4 spine-like tubercles on the flanks, conical tubercles absent on flank, dorsal pholidosis heterogeneous, presence of precloacal and femoral pores in males, 8 or 9 poreless scales between femoral and precloacal pores; gular scales flat, smooth; 93–101 paravertebral scales, 59–63 mid-dorsal scales; 93–101 longitudinal scales from mental to cloaca, 30–31 scales across belly; ventral scales smooth, imbricate; tail with small, granular, keeled, pointed, subimbricate scales intermixed with enlarged, strongly keeled, conical tubercles forming whorls; scales on ventral side of tail imbricate, smooth, with three rows of large, slightly elongated median subcaudals. The new species is closely related to C. goaensis, from which it differs by a genetic divergence of 1.9-3.0%. Molecular phylogenetic reconstruction supports the distinctiveness of the new species.
Estimation of Testee Ranking with Cloud Based Automated Evaluation
Authors: Ashok Kumar K. , Naga Bharath C. , Shyam Ganesh A.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, you will know about the testee task evaluation and ranking based on their ranking. In which each testee have different test levels according to their position. In previous days the Combined Charge Difficulty Evaluation and Testees Level for Intellect reckoning are to
find employee performance. In testing the tests and task evaluation of different designation employee’s performance outcome result is difficult to rank the outcome result. In the previous section those who have been trained and ready for getting more their financial in the stage of increment
those details are stored in excel and which was finding it difficult to get their details to improvise this action here we are using this application. Whereby higher officials evaluate and provide feedback on employee job performance, including steps to improve or redirect activities as needed.
Higher official documenting performance provides a basis for pay increases and promotions. In this project, higher official evaluates the lower official by assigning task and testees. The lower officials can’t able to get the result of higher officials since their results are highly
confidential for the improvement of the organization. The first priority is given to the higher officials so that they can view all those who have been under their control can be monitored by those respective. The higher official will solve the difficulties of testing and ranking problem for
appraisal. All these findings are useful to intelligence tests.
Car Accident Detection and Notification System Using Smartphone
Authors: Roobini M. S. , Mulakalapally Soujanya , Mungamuri Navyasri , Lakshmi M. , Ponraj Anitha , Deepa D.
Published: November 2020

This report shows the outcome by applying large scale data mining techniques on the Finnish roads. From the research study it is very difficult task to perform because the collected data have uncertainty, incomplete and error values. So the data exploration is a challenging task. The
data used in the process have been collected from Finnish road administration data sets. The data used in the process have been collected from Finnish road administration data sets. The main target of our project is to look into practicability of Robust clustering, to find the associations
and repeated item sets and applying apprehend methods for the analysis of road accidents. While the results display the selected mining techniques and methods were capable to the understandable patterns. To calculate the accident frequency count as a parameter /c-means algorithm is used to
cluster the locations. To characterize the surface conditions association rule mining is used. data mining skills disclosed different environmental reasons associated with road accidents. Intersection on highways have been identified as a dangerous for fatal accidents.
A Proficient Scheme for Detecting Breast Cancer by Classification Techniques
Authors: Gopi Chinka Siva , Sivareddy Chidipudi , Mohana Prasad K. , Sabitha R. , Ashok Kumar K.
Published: November 2020

Cancer is a risky disease which could affect the particular area in depth and may risk the body parts. Now a days, more females are subject to breast cancers. So that Machine Learning Techniques has proposed to analyze the risky area in which the information is utilized for forecasting
additional incidents. Machine Learning is popular scheme within several programs one remaining healthcare evaluation. Image Classification as well as feature extraction will bring the affected area’s image into several analyzing methods. With this proposed system, we’ve suggested
an CNN (Convolution Neural Network) active design which fetches a sequence of pictures coming from a healthcare scanner repository so that the pictures are preprocessed as well as additional segmented feature extraction. The effectiveness on the suggested design is examined and it is as opposed
along with other Machine Learning procedures and it is found the proposed system has supplies the greater results. The functionality on the unit tends to be more precise as the unit has an iterative method for include removal inside classifying pictures. There are some images are kept for
the training and testing. We have achieved the accuracy level of comparing with existing model.
Skin Disease Prediction
Authors: Jany Shabu S. L. , Nithin Maram Sai , Santhosh Medepalli , Roobini M. S. , Mohana Prasad K. , Joshila Grace L. K.
Published: November 2020

As of late, skin diseases are expanded in people. Skin illnesses are brought about by microscopic organisms or because of contaminations. A portion of the skin illnesses resemble ring worm, yeast disease, sensitivities and so on are increments and spread over skin step by step. So this
sort of maladies ought to be distinguished in its previous stage to abstain from spreading. It tends to be distinguished utilizing a few variables like clinical parameters which are considered for recognizing the infection. The conceivable skin sicknesses in various ages are dermatitis in
age 0–5 years, moles influences in 6–11 years age, and skin inflammation vulgaris in 12–16 years age. Dermatomyositis is a sort of skin illness that influences youngsters at age of 5–15 and grown-up at 40–60 age. Right now, objective is to give a device to help
experts and buyers in finding and picking sickness. To accomplish this objective, we build up a methodology that permits a client to inquiry for disease that fulfil a lot of conditions dependent on sickness properties, for example, infection signs.
Electricity Compliance Assistivity
Authors: Refonaa J. , Swetha D. , Supriya E. , Prasad Mohana , Dhamodaran S. , Jany Shabu S. L. , Maran Sardar , Lakshmi M.
Published: November 2020

In a developing country like India, there are nonethical ways that are following there is no guarantee that the work can be done or not within the given time. This project is based on maintenance and development of a municipal corporation. To raise the complaint to assist against electronic
complaint management (ECMS) for Municipal Corporation from the above paragraph there is a smart solution that is designed where the various type of complaints given by the people are integrated based on the location of complaint. So based on the electricity complaints that have been raised
from various people from same location are integrated and considered which solves the real time problem of electricity issues.
Fall Detection and Daily Living Activity Recognition Logic Regression
Authors: Refonaa J. , Suhas Bandaru , Bhaskar B. V. S. , JanyShabu S. L. , Dhamodaran S. , Maran Sardar , Anu Maria , Lakshmi M.
Published: November 2020

It is a must to bring the fall detection system in to use with the increasing number of elder people in the world, because the most of them tend live voluntarily and at risk of injuries. Falls are dangerous in a few cases and could even lead to deadly injuries. A very robust fall detection
system must be built in order to counter this problem. Here, we establish fall detection and recognition of daily live behavior through machine learning system. In order to detect different types of activities, including the detection of falls and day to-day activities, We use 2 shared archives
for the accelerating and lateral speed data during this development. Logistic regression is used to determine motions such as drop, walk, climb, sit, stand and lie bases on the accelerating data and data on angular velocities. More specifically, the triaxial acceleration average value is used
to achieve fall detection accuracy.
Application of Internet of Things Based Tracking Device for Vulnerable People
Authors: Roobini M. S. , Reddy T. Bhanu , Ramanudeep U. , Sangari A. Siva , Ponraj Anitha
Published: November 2020

Health Tracking Devices are mostly used in Hospitals and health care sector for monitoring patients. Health is an essential factor for vulnerable people. Various guidelines are given to vulnerable people and data security and privacy are important. Data consisting of administrative,
protection and security contributes all of that. Mainly the control devices for health care are installed and operated by qualified personnel. They don’t have excessive rules and restrictions on most of the aspects of electromagnetic resources. One more problem occurs when consumer devices
and applications targeting health and fitness factors are again used to monitor vulnerable people who are largely alien to technology interactions. There exists an example, that people who are more easily vulnerable will show less interest in important protective behaviours. The things they
lack to perform are getting device updates regularly, modification of old passwords. These people fall to others as victim easily being more vulnerable.
Wireless Net-Work Based Gesture-Controlled Robot
Authors: Gladence L. Mary , Gunasekhar M. D. , Shankar M. Sai , Anu V. Maria , Shabu Jany
Published: November 2020

Much after more than many years of information gadgets advancement, numerous individuals despite everything discover the association with the PCs and robots an awkward encounter. Endeavours ought to be made to adjust PCs and robots to our regular methods for correspondence: discourse
and non-verbal communication. The point of this work is to actualize an ongoing order framework through hand movement affirmation, using all around helpful gear and low costing sensor like a direct raspberry-pie and a USB webcam, so any customer can use it in organizations or at home. The
reason of our philosophy is a fast division method to procure the hand movement from the whole picture which can oversee immense number of hand shapes against different establishments and lightning conditions, and an affirmation method that recognizes the hand pose for various control application.
Administration robots legitimately associate with individuals, so finding an increasingly common and simple UI is of crucial significance. While prior works have concentrated principally on issues, for example, control and route in the earth, scarcely any automated frameworks are utilized
with straightforward interfaces that can control the robot by trademark techniques. This energize response need. In this method, customer will handle the robot by using movements with palm. Here request indications were delivered for the movements using picture getting ready, where gaussian
blur algorithm is used to reduce noise in the image, Canny-edge algorithm is used to detect fire out-layers and masking algorithm is used for Ro extraction.
URL Sand Virus
Authors: Pandian Asha , Kumar Sumit , Kumar Satish
Published: November 2020

This study investigates on running a program in a very controlled environment where various URLs are blocked while the program is running. The program selects the HTML content from certain websites, extracts the target program from the HTML content and runs them automatically on your
system. While the process is running, every URL that is been accessed is actively monitored at every 5 seconds until the browser is closed.
Forecasting Energy Demand of India Using Integrated Grey Wolf Optimizer
Authors: Kumar Shailender , Sayeed Kamran , Chhikara Anubhav , Dai Durin
Published: November 2020

In this paper we provide a new methodology for estimating the future primary energy demands of India. Firstly, we propose a new algorithm known as Integrated Grey wolf Optimizer. This new algorithm is an improvement over Grey wolf optimizer to deal with multimodal functions. Economic
factors such as GDP (Gross Domestic Product), Population, Coal production and Petroleum production are used as mathematical parameters for our objective function. The coefficients of this two-form model (i.e., Linear and Quadratic) are optimized using the new Integrated Grey wolf optimizer.
The highlight of this extract is the new Integrated version of grey wolf optimizer, which improves the exploration capability of the algorithm to deal with local minima stagnation. The results of this modified version are better than traditional Grey wolf optimizer and provides better accuracy
and less errors. The last 14 years of historical information of India are used as datasets for the respective parameters. Coefficients obtained after the optimization are used for forecasting in three different cases which are Rapid (7.5% rise in GDP), Moderate (6.5%) and (5.5%) Slow growth
of country.
Skin Cancer System Detection Using K-Means Algorithm
Authors: B. Sai Madhu Keerthi , A. V. Sai Pranathi , Sujihelen L.
Published: November 2020

Melanoma is the type of skin cancer which will spread fast into the inner most layer of skin. The early detection of the skin tumor will avoid spreading of the disease, and also reduce the cancer cells. More methods are there to detect the harmful cancer present in the skin. Once the
skin is infected by some disease, the patient should consult doctor and getting the suggestion from the doctor. The proposed work is used to early diagnosis of skin cancer at home before consulting doctor. The important aim in this proposed work is that it will find the cancer present in the
skin using K-Means Algorithms. In this proposed system the input will be the image of the skin and the output will be the detection of the affected portion whether it is normal or abnormal. This proposed system helps us to save the time and gives the best result before consulting the doctor
when compared with existing system.
Design and Analysis of Hopper Blade and Its Implementation in Canal Making Machine
Authors: Dhinakaran V. , Srinivasan A. , Kannan P. , Bupathi Ram P. M.
Published: November 2020

In the growing population society, the demand of food can only be fulfilled if technology is implemented in agriculture. The development is that farmers should get a very less laborious environment in the field. Since agriculture is the back bone of a country concentration should be
given in the development of agriculture field. A large number of modern machines and technologies have to be implemented in order to improve the food grain production from small area of land and with the involvement of a smaller number of labours and within a short duration. So, to fulfil
this, various technologies have been developed. The design and analysis of the hopper blade used in canal making machine was carried out in this work. And the results concluded that the machine provided a good efficiency in the canal making process.
Bank Endorsement Classification: A Novel Content Based Approach Using Pupil Tracking Technology
Authors: Durgadevi P. , Bhavani M. , Shankar R. , Beulah J. Rene
Published: November 2020

These days System security dangers are expanding quickly. Particularly client approval is focused for validation could be used. The eye scanner follows the positions of eye and eye development for perceptible upgrade introduced on PC framework. Different highlights like look point,
student proportions and mouse location can be removed and it tends to spoken to utilizing representation strategies, for example, obsession, saccade, check way. The sweep way is perceived as an example and the information is utilized give validation from the server database. The understudy
district is followed regard to make a beeline for by and large break down and make a constant extraordinary example that is given to every person. The example framed is confirmed utilizing design that is put away in the database. Here we show a chance on how business eye tracker could be connected
with equipment and programming to upgrade bank security.
An Enhanced Way of Distributed Denial of Service Attack Detection by Applying Machine Learning Algorithms in Cloud Computing
Authors: Ponnuviji N. P. , Prem M. Vigilson
Published: November 2020

Cloud Computing has revolutionized the Information Technology by allowing the users to use variety number of resources in different applications in a less expensive manner. The resources are allocated to access by providing scalability flexible on-demand access in a virtual manner,
reduced maintenance with less infrastructure cost. The majority of resources are handled and managed by the organizations over the internet by using different standards and formats of the networking protocols. Various research and statistics have proved that the available and existing technologies
are prone to threats and vulnerabilities in the protocols legacy in the form of bugs that pave way for intrusion in different ways by the attackers. The most common among attacks is the Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. This attack targets the cloud’s performance and cause
serious damage to the entire cloud computing environment. In the DDoS attack scenario, the compromised computers are targeted. The attacks are done by transmitting a large number of packets injected with known and unknown bugs to a server. A huge portion of the network bandwidth of the users’
cloud infrastructure is affected by consuming enormous time of their servers. In this paper, we have proposed a DDoS Attack detection scheme based on Random Forest algorithm to mitigate the DDoS threat. This algorithm is used along with the signature detection techniques and generates a decision
tree. This helps in the detection of signature attacks for the DDoS flooding attacks. We have also used other machine learning algorithms and analyzed based on the yielded results.
Manipulation of Web Using Gestures
Authors: Udvag R. Mahesh , Kumar T. Hari , Kavin Raj R. S. , Karthikeyan M. P.
Published: November 2020

Gesture recognition is a type of perceptual computing user interface that allows computers to capture and interpret human gestures as commands. Gestures are generally the movement of the hands which is a form of non-verbal communication. We use gestures as input to control devices or
applications or websites. By using the gestures, we directly open or manipulate the website for the users. When the user uses the gesture, the system captures the gesture and compares it with the stored gesture data. If the gesture matches the data, then the required website will be manipulated.
These gestures are widely helpful for the people who are blind and unable to type. The main objective of the project is to deliver user friendly access to the web contents. The vision based technology of hand gesture recognition is an important part of human-computer interaction (HCI), thus
stepping into the path of future and our project is one such kind of stepping stone. Our project really concerns the people who are not able to search contents on the web through text search. We provide an improvisable solution where it paves a way for research and development.
An Initialized Attribution Method for Extreme Events on Subseasonal to Seasonal Time Scales
Authors: Wang Guomin , Hope Pandora , Lim Eun-Pa , Hendon Harry H. , Arblaster Julie M
Published: November 2020

When record-breaking climate and weather extremes occur, decision-makers and planners want to know whether they are random natural events with historical levels of reoccurrence or are reflective of an altered frequency or intensity as a result of climate change. This paper describes a method to attribute extreme weather and climate events to observed increases in atmospheric CO2 using an initialized subseasonal to seasonal coupled global climate prediction system. Application of this method provides quantitative estimates of the contribution arising from increases in the level of atmospheric CO2 to individual weather and climate extreme events. Using a coupled subseasonal to seasonal forecast system differs from other methods because it has the merit of being initialized with the observed conditions and subsequently reproducing the observed events and their mechanisms. This can aid understanding when the reforecasts with and without enhanced CO2 are compared and communicated to a general audience. Atmosphere–ocean interactions are accounted for. To illustrate the method, we attribute the record Australian heat event of October 2015. We find that about half of the October 2015 Australia-wide temperature anomaly is due to the increase in atmospheric CO2 since 1960. This method has the potential to provide attribution statements for forecast events within an outlook period (i.e., before they occur). This will allow for informed messaging to be available as required when an extreme event occurs, which is of particular use to weather and climate services.
Precipitation Diurnal Cycle over the Maritime Continent Modulated by the Climatological Annual Cycle
Authors: Lu Jiahao , Li Tim , Wang Lu
Published: November 2020

The modulation of the diurnal cycle (DC) of precipitation over the Maritime Continent (MC) by the background annual cycle mean state was studied for the period of 1998–2014 through observational analyses and high-resolution simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The observational analyses reveal that there are statistically significant differences in the DC amplitude between boreal winter and summer. The amplitude of precipitation DC reduces by about 35% during boreal summer compared to boreal winter, especially over the MC major islands and adjacent oceans. A precipitation budget analysis indicates that the DC amplitude difference is primarily attributed to vertically integrated convergence of the mean moisture by diurnal winds. The relative roles of the background dynamic and thermodynamic states in causing the enhanced diurnal wind activity in boreal winter are further investigated through idealized WRF simulations. The results show that the seasonal mean background moisture condition is most critical in inducing the winter–summer difference of the precipitation DC over the MC, followed by atmospheric static stability (i.e., vertical temperature gradient) and circulation conditions.
A New Algorithm with Square Conservative Exponential Integral for Transport Equation
Authors: Hao Shifeng , Cui Xiaopeng , Huang Jianping
Published: November 2020

The square conservative exponential integral method (SCEIM) is proposed for transport problems on the sphere. The method is a combination of the square conservation algorithm and the exponential integral method. The main emphasis in the development of SCEIM is on conservation, positive-definite, and reversibility as well as achieving comparable accuracy to other published schemes. The most significant advantage of SCEIM is to change the forward model to the backward model by setting a negative time step, and the backward model can be used to solve the inverse problem. Moreover, the polar problem is significantly improved by using a simple effective central skip-point difference scheme without major penalty on the overall effectiveness of SCEIM. To demonstrate the effectiveness and generality of the SCEIM, this method is evaluated by standard cosine bell tests and deformational flow tests. The numerical results show that SCEIM is a time-convergence method as well as a grid-convergence method, and has a strong shape-preserving ability. In the tests of the inverse problem, the sharp fronts are successfully regressed back into their initial weak fronts and the cosine bells move against the wind direction and return to the initial position with high accuracy. The numerical results of forward simulations are compared with those of published schemes, the total mass conservation, and error norms are competitive in term of accuracy.
Bossing or Protecting? The Integration of Social Regulation into the Welfare State
Authors: Trein Philipp
Published: November 2020

This article is an empirical analysis of how social regulation is integrated into the welfare state. I compare health, migration, and unemployment policy reforms in Australia, Austria, Canada, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the United States from 1980 to 2014. Results show that the timing of reform events is similar among countries for health and unemployment policy but differs among countries for migration policy. For migration and unemployment policy, the integration of regulation and welfare is more likely to entail conditionality compared to health policy. In other words, in these two policy fields, it is more common that claimants receive financial support upon compliance with social regulations. Liberal or Continental European welfare regimes are especially inclined to integration. I conclude that integrating regulation and welfare entails a double goal: “bossing” citizens by making them take up available jobs while expelling migrants and refugees for minor offenses; and protecting citizens from risks, such as noncommunicable diseases.
A Gender Equalizing Regulatory Welfare State? Enacting the EU’s Work-Life Balance Directive in Denmark and Poland
Authors: Porte Caroline De La , Larsen Trine P. , Szelewa Dorota
Published: November 2020

This article examines the implementation of the European Union’s (EU) work-life balance directive in Denmark and Poland through examining the earmarking of paid parental leave. This enables us to assess whether the EU could be emerging as a gender equalizing regulatory welfare state (RWS). Our analysis points to tensions arising when regulatory decisions are made at a higher level of governance but require implementation and funding at lower levels of governance. In both countries, there are similar parental leave schemes ex-ante, and major actors had similar initial stances on parental leave, favoring stagnation. Yet the plans to implement show how the actors’ positions changed, and the likely result is extended parental leave, with payment (known as double expansion) and more gender-equal participation (degenderization) in parental leave. Although in two different institutional settings, the similar outcome suggests that these changes are due to the European Union acting as an emerging RWS, which influences Member States’ regulatory instruments with fiscal elements.
Varieties of Regulatory Welfare Regimes in Middle-Income Countries: A Comparative Analysis of Brazil, Mexico, and Turkey
Authors: Özel Işik D. , Parrado Salvador
Published: November 2020

The expansion of social welfare regimes in middle-income countries (MICs) has become a global trend that has involved the adaption of robust social assistance programs aiming to alleviate poverty and diminish inequalities. We analyze conditional cash transfers in Brazil, Mexico, and Turkey, identifying the types of regulatory regimes that exist in each, namely “loose decentralism” in Brazil, “strict centralism” in Mexico, and “subcontracted dirigisme” in Turkey. We argue that regulatory design is key to understanding how the newly flourishing welfare regimes can control political manipulation, and that where manipulation occurs, social assistance programs can deviate from their initial objectives and endanger the welfare of the poor and hazard trust in the government and political institutions. However, when social welfare regimes work in line with their objectives and eschew political discretion, regulatory welfare states can enhance trust in and legitimacy of political institutions. Our analysis indicates that a centrally regulated social assistance governance nurtured by local knowledge is key to avoiding political manipulation and to alleviating poverty, major issues in MICs.
Organizing Competition: Regulatory Welfare States in Higher Education
Authors: Schulze-Cleven Tobias
Published: November 2020

Governments around the world have turned to higher education to sustain economic development and social welfare. This article uses the concept of the regulatory welfare state (RWS) to examine how state authorities in the United States and Germany have sought to spur structural changes in the education sector. I argue that policy-makers in both countries have pursued the goal of organizing competition among universities by combining fiscal and regulatory policies that strengthen universities’ self-reliance, rivalry, and decentralized decision-making. The analysis shows that understanding cross-national patterns of institutional transformation requires putting countries’ evolving regimes of state-university relations into historical perspective, and that states’ shifting governance strategies are important drivers of higher education’s contemporary reimagination. It also clarifies how regulatory approaches to welfare provision have fostered the re-composition of public infrastructures, raising pressing questions about the quality and scope of the welfare that regulatory approaches promote.
How can documents speak about practices? Practice tracing, the Wikileaks cables, and diplomatic culture
Authors: Cornut Jérémie , de Zamaróczy Nicolas
Published: November 2020

Practice theorists favor interviews and participant observations in their study. Using insights from anthropological works on bureaucratic texts, in this article we develop methodological tools to complement these interpretive methods of data collection. We suggest a way to trace practices by systematically looking through both the content of documents and their form. We probe this approach with an analysis of 408 diplomatic cables sent by the US Embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania in 2005–2009 and subsequently released by Wikileaks. We draw on these documents to tell two related stories about diplomatic practices: the first about epistemic practices and how the cables privilege certain voices and types of knowledge over others, and the second about diplomatic culture, where the cables serve as evidence of the powerful socialization processes that diplomats are subject to. This contributes to International Relations (IR) with a new approach for systematically analyzing written documents to uncover international practices.
Thriving at work but insomniac at home: Understanding the relationship between supervisor bottom-line mentality and employee functioning
Authors: Babalola Mayowa T , Ren Shuang , Ogbonnaya Chidiebere , Riisla Katrin , Soetan Gbemisola T , Gok Kubilay
Published: November 2020

Bottom-line mentality (BLM) describes a one-dimensional frame of mind revolving around bottom-line pursuits, which pervades most organizations today. But how does working with high BLM supervisors affect employees’ functioning both at work and at home? Guided by this question, we draw on social information processing theory and insights from the person–environment fit literature for a nuanced understanding of the effects of supervisor BLM. Using data from two field studies conducted in China (340 employees) and the United States (174 employees), we find that supervisor BLM increases employee perceptions of a competitive climate that ultimately increases employee thriving at work and insomnia outside work. We further find that employee trait competitiveness moderated the indirect relationship (via perceived competitive climate) between supervisor BLM and thriving at work but not for insomnia; employees high (versus low) in trait competitiveness were found to thrive at work under the competitive climate stimulated by high BLM supervisors. Taken together, our findings highlight the need for organizational leaders to be cautious of being too narrowly focused on bottom-line outcomes and aware of the wider implications of BLM on different domains of their employees’ lives.
Manifesto for a new Quality of Working Life
Authors: Warhurst Chris , Knox Angela
Published: November 2020

Poor quality jobs and their negative consequences for worker wellbeing are frequently associated with Taylorised work and rising non-standard, often precarious, employment. Our manifesto offers a new approach to Quality of Working Life to improve worker wellbeing. In doing so, it outlines the need for a new measure of job quality that pays due attention to employment as well as work problems, and a new approach to practical reform that involves statutory minimum standards rather than just voluntary firm action. Significantly, a receptive political-economic context currently exists to enable the implementation of this manifesto.
The Impact of Informational and Emotional Television Ad Content on Online Search and Sales
Authors: Guitart Ivan A. , Stremersch Stefan
Published: November 2020

This article documents how informational and emotional appeals in more than 2,000 television ads for 144 car models, aired over four years, influence online search and sales. Increasing the emotional content of ads leads to increases in online search, but increasing the informational content does not. Both informational and emotional content positively influence sales. However, increases in informational content lead to more incremental sales for low-price and low-quality cars than for high-price and high-quality cars. In turn, increases in emotional content generate more incremental sales for high-price cars than for low-price cars. Analyses of the results suggest that managers of high-price and high-quality cars should prioritize emotional rather than informational content in ads. However, managers of low-price and low-quality cars should emphasize emotional content if their objective is to increase online search and informational content if their objective is to increase sales.
Rethinking how we identify “gifted” students
Authors: Peters Scott J. , Carter James , Plucker Jonathan A.
Published: November 2020

In the 21st century, what does a defensible, equitable model of gifted and talented student identification look like? For too long, gifted education’s reason for being has been unclear, and the students it has served have been from too narrow a segment of the student population. With renewed attention to equity and personalized learning, gifted education should exist as one pathway through which students can have their needs met. Scott Peters, James Carter, and Jonathan Plucker outline several best practices in identifying gifted and talented students that, if implemented, would better align with the goal of gifted education, while also improving equity.
A call to reframe gifted education as maximizing learning
Authors: Dixson Dante D. , Peters Scott J. , Makel Matthew C. , Jolly Jennifer L. , Matthews Michael S. , Miller Erin M. , Rambo-Hernandez Karen E. , Rinn Anne N. , Robins Jennifer H. , Wilson Hope E.
Published: November 2020

Schools exist to educate, yet the emphasis on age-based, grade-level standards fails to account for the wide range of academic readiness that exists in every classroom. Special education programs exist to meet student needs; gifted education should be no different. The authors, all gifted education researchers, present a vision for a model of gifted education that is aligned with Response to Intervention and personalized learning. At its heart, it is concerned with addressing the real-time academic needs of every student, with the ultimate goal of maximizing the learning of every student.
Rigor restricted: Unequal participation in advanced placement
Authors: Kolluri Suneal
Published: November 2020

Although participation in Advanced Placement programs has been expanding rapidly across the United States, participation among marginalized students generally, and boys of color in particular, has remained lower than for other students. In his observations at an urban high school, Suneal Kolluri found that, if they were going to put in the work required in these classes, Black and Latino boys needed to feel connected to the teachers and the curriculum. Some signed up for AP classes because they liked the teachers, but when they got the impression that those teachers didn’t believe in them, they disengaged. In addition, they didn’t see the value of the content presented in AP classes. Although teachers and counselors tried to motivate them by explaining that it would prepare them for college, the students were unconvinced that they needed this help.
Making space for spatial talent
Authors: Lakin Joni M. , Wai Jonathan
Published: November 2020

Spatial reasoning — the ability to mentally visualize, transform, and recognize symbolic information — is known to predict long-term success in many educational and occupational areas, including in STEM. Despite this, spatial reasoning measures are virtually absent in K-12 tests. Thus, such strengths are not prioritized in gifted identification and talent development. Joni Lakin and Jonathan Wai discuss why spatial reasoning matters for finding and developing talent, services schools might provide for students with these strengths, and how understanding spatial reasoning can help education leaders expand access to gifted education.
What’s missing from the nation’s report card
Authors: Lee Jaekyung
Published: November 2020

This study re-envisions the Nation’s Report Card from a “whole child” perspective that considers not just students’ academic achievement, but also their physical and mental health. Jaekyung Lee’s integrated analysis of the National Assessment of Educational Progress and the National Survey of Children’s Health datasets reveals that many of our children and youth are not in good shape, getting the average grade of C, with grades of B+ for physical health, C for socioemotional wellness, and D for academic proficiency. The analysis also shows that better health and wellness measures are associated with higher achievement. In addition, the states with stronger “whole community” scores, which measure protective and nurturing family-school-neighborhood environments, produce students who do better on all measures.