bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNDERSTANDING, CONSTRUCTING AND DESCRIBING SOCIAL PATTERNS IN RUSSIA OF THE 17TH – 20TH CENTURIES: NEW APPROACHES IN THE COLLECTIVE MONOGRAPHY BY URAL SCHOLARS
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Smirnov Yu. N.
Published: June 2021

The review is devoted to the issues raised in the new book by the collective of Yekaterinburg authors. The reviewer focuses on how they evaluate different approaches to studying the peculiarities of social stratifications. Their conclusion about the disadvantages of using the class and the estate (soslovie) as an explanatory concept for the social sciences of Russiais of great academic interest. The critical analysis of this paradigm leads the authors of the monograph to revise the “macro-sociological” patterns adopted in historical science, as well as to propose and promote original methodological schemes focused on specific research problems in studying the social stratification of Russia. The methods of social construction undertaken in the 17th – 20th centuries were inspired by needs and discourses of Russian elites. Different conceptual strategies were used by elite groups to form a social structure. Contrary to the opinion of many historians, these structural models do not present «objective» social reality, but nevertheless deserve the most thorough investigation. Moving from generalizations to specific historical cases, the authors of the new monograph describe some social patterns: such archaic group like the kholops, social groups of the "vechnootdannye" and the European specialists in the Ural factories, the corporation of the Imperial School of Law graduates, the party "nomenklatura" in the Soviet period, the "atomic" community of scientists and specialists working on the atomic project, etc.
FUNERAL WREATH TO THE LEADER: GRIEF FOR LENIN AND THE PRACTICES OF SOVIET SELF-REPRESENTATION
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Malysheva S. Yu.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the experience of early Soviet identity self-representation related to the situation of funeral and state mourning for Lenin. The 1917 decree disavowed the former estates, ranks and identification markers that determined a person’s status in society. In the fluid conditions of civil war and new economic policy, social status was also unsustainable. The period of mourning for Lenin became a certain point of rupture in the continuum of the short Soviet history, a time of reflection on the past, future and one’s place in it. The “political grief” for the leaders, encouraged in the 1920s, in the specific case of mourning for Lenin, contributed to the formation of a space for expressing more than just grief itself. The space was used by citizens, collectives, communities to develop, to articulate and affirm their own identities. One of the means of self-representation were funerary wreaths brought “on the leader’s coffin”. The article considers both traditional forms of wreaths and the reasons for their prevalence, as well as new, unusual forms and the claims they contained for expressing and asserting identity. The most common method of self-representation was to affirm labor and professional identities. Moreover, individuals and collectives who were not classified as “workers” used verbal and non-verbal markers of funerary wreaths to add themselves to this desired and safe category, thus constructing their own identity and asserting their place in the new Soviet society.
WEB ARCHIVES IN RECONSTRUCTING HISTORY OF VIRTUAL MUSEUMS: POTENTIAL AND LIMITATIONS
Authors:   Perm State University, Povroznik N. G.
Published: June 2021

Web archives are repositories of unique sources on the history of the information society, including the cultural segment of the World Wide Web. The relevance of studying the web history of museum information resources refers to the need to understand the past and contemporary processes of the development of the museum's digital environment in order to more effectively build strategies for future advancement with a valuable impact on society. The article, for the first time, attempts to assess the information potential of web archives for studying the web history of virtual museums and discusses the limitations that prevent the reconstruction of their web history. Web archives are designed to observe web pages and web sites saved at a certain point in time; they analyze the structure and content of the museum web, interpret the visual aids and sections' titles, and track statistics of publication activity. Tracing changes in the role and significance of the digital environment in museum activities, as well as trends in the development of museums, and predicting future trajectories are possible based on the analysis of the dynamics of museums' web content. At the same time, the peculiarities of search engines in web archives, technical restrictions, incompatibility of modern software with earlier formats, limits on scanning information on the World Wide Web to save it, uneven preservation by domain zones in the Internet Archive, and the lack of specialized web preservation programs at national and regional levels restraint the possibility of a comprehensive study of the history of virtual museums. The author concludes that it is necessary to expand national web archiving programs in favour of a more detailed preservation of the cultural segment of the web as a digital cultural heritage, as well as the content of social networks and mobile applications, for future use by researchers.
ANITO E O SUBORNO DE JURADOS (DEKÁZEIN) NOS PROCESSOS ATENIENSES
Authors: Carvalhar Carlos Augusto de Oliveira
Published: June 2021

Anito é mais conhecido por ser um dos acusadores de Sócrates, mas este político teve outra proeza: sua sagacidade o fez criar um método obscuro de identificar os jurados e assim saber exatamente a quem subornar em um processo legal, ou seja, ele conseguia identificar quem eram os dikastaí que estariam agrupados no dikastḗrion específico que julgaria determinado caso em um tribunal. Com essa metodologia ele conseguiu se safar de uma condenação em 409 a.e.c., quando por sua falha Atenas perdeu Pilos (Aristóteles, Constituição de Atenas, 27.5). A façanha desse cidadão possivelmente foi a origem de dois novos verbos (dekázein e syndekázein) e o motivo de uma nova lei contra esse método (reportada no segundo Contra Estéfano de Demóstenes, 46.26). Além disso, duas décadas depois, o sistema por sorteio para a escolha de jurados foi totalmente reformulado, justamente para evitar esse esquema corrupto que ele empregou. Este artigo fará a exposição desses aspectos legais relacionados à escolha de jurados no século V, bem como abordará a corrupção e suborno que foi feita a partir desse método de Anito, discorrendo também sobre uma alteração proposta no século IV (que aparece na Assembleia das Mulheres de Aristófanes) e a terceira reformulação, apresentada em Aristóteles, Constituição de Atenas, 63-66. Também se explorará essa temática com a Apologia de Platão, uma vez que Anito, aquele que subornou jurados, é o mesmo agente que está processando Sócrates por corromper (diaphtheírein) os jovens, aproveitando-se assim a ambiguidade deste verbo, pois pode significar tanto a corrupção moral em sentido largo, como também aquela motivada por suborno.
UMA PORTA PARA A LIBERDADE: REFLEXÕES DE SÊNECA SOBRE A MORTE
Authors: De Caldas Viviane Moraes
Published: June 2021

A obra senequiana é, como se sabe, permeada por conceitos estoicos e tem como um dos objetivos auxiliar o indivíduo a percorrer o caminho do bem de modo que ele possa alcançar a virtude, o bem moral. Ou seja, a sua filosofia não é apenas teórica, mas se preocupa em ser também prática, uma vez que os princípios estoicos devem, obrigatoriamente, estar presentes nas ações de cada um em seu cotidiano. Este artigo aborda, portanto, as reflexões de Sêneca sobre um dos temas de grande relevância que pode auxiliar o homem na busca pela virtude, pela tranquilidade da alma, e pela sabedoria: a meditação sobre a morte. Sendo assim, lançaremos mão não só das Epístolas Morais a Lucílio, assim como de alguns diálogos, por exemplo, Da Tranquilidade da Alma, Da Brevidade da Vida, Da Providência, assim como da Consolação a Márcia e da Consolação a Políbio, que nos auxiliarão na compreensão da morte, entendendo-a como liberdade para a alma.
Root production in a subtropical pasture is mediated by cultivar identity and defoliation severity
Authors: Wilson Chris H. , Vendramini Joao M. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Flory S. Luke
Published: May 2021

Grasslands occupy significant land area and account for a large proportion of the global soil carbon stocks, yet the direct effects of grazing and genotypic composition on relationships between shoot and root production are poorly resolved. This lack of understanding hinders the development of models for predicting root production in managed grasslands, a critical variable for determining soil carbon stocks. We quantified the effects of season-long defoliation treatments on both shoot and root production across 4 cultivars of a widely planted pasture grass species (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) in a common garden setting in South Florida, USA. We found that infrequently applied (4 weekly) severe defoliation (to 5 cm) substantially enhanced shoot production for all cultivars, while severe defoliation reduced root production across cultivars, regardless of frequency. Overall, there was no significant relationship between shoot and root production. Our results showed that above-ground and below-ground productivity are only weakly coupled, suggesting caution against use of simple above-ground proxies to predict variations in root production in grasslands. More broadly, our results demonstrated that improved modeling and management of grasslands for below-ground ecosystem services, including soil carbon sequestration/stocks, must account for intraspecific genetic variation and responses to defoliation management.
Combinations of Urochloa hybrid Mulato II and natural pasture hays as a basal diet for growing Farta lambs in Ethiopia
Authors: Adnew Wubetie , Tsegay Berhanu Abraha , Tassew Asaminew , Asmare Bimrew
Published: May 2021

The study was conducted to evaluate the feed intake, digestibility, bodyweight change and carcass characteristics of Farta lambs fed Brachiaria (now: Urochloa) hybrid Mulato II and natural pasture hays in various proportions as a basal diet supplemented with a local concentrate mixture (CM). Twenty-five yearling male Farta lambs with a mean initial body weight of 19.6±0.29 kg (mean±s.e.) were used in feeding (90 days) and digestibility (7 days) trials. The lambs were randomly allocated to the following 5 dietary treatments on the basis of stratified body weight: 100% natural pasture hay (NPH) (T1); 75% NPH+25% Urochloa hybrid Mulato II hay (MH) (T2); 50% NPH+50% MH (T3); 25% NPH+75% MH (T4); and 100% MH (T5). A local concentrate mixture [300 g dry matter (DM)/hd/d] was fed to all animals. Crude protein (CP) concentration of the basal diet increased as proportion of MH in the ration increased (P<0.05). Intake of DM and nutrients, and nutrient digestibility coefficients increased significantly (P<0.05) as proportion of MH in the roughage component of the ration increased. Final body weight, average daily bodyweight gain, feed conversion efficiency and most carcass parameters measured were significantly (P<0.05) higher as proportion of MH increased from 0 to 100% in the basal diet. Based on the biological performance of the experimental lambs, performance of sheep in the region could be enhanced significantly by incorporating MH with native pasture hay and concentrate supplement in feeding rations. Economic assessments would reveal the optimal combinations of native pasture and MH for feeding to achieve particular outcomes. Other improved grass and legume species may fill the same role and should be investigated in differing environments.
Theoretical and Practical Issues of Innovation Research: Social Innovation in Hungary
Authors: Benedek József , Szendi Dóra , Lipták Katalin
Published: May 2021

In recent decades, innovation research has played an important role in exploring the drivers of local and regional economic development. Nowadays, it is part of the generally accepted scientific canon that various forms of innovation (technological, business and social innovation) play a defining role in the economic development and competitiveness of cities, regions and countries. The context above points out that innovation is an important factor in the spatiality of society, but at the same time geography, more precisely geographical distance or proximity, is a determining element of innovation. In the present study, we provide an overview of the latest theoretical and empirical research developments in the “geography of innovation”, more precisely in the “geography of social innovation”, with application in Hungary. Keywords: social innovation, social innovation geography, regional development, geographical proximity
Changes in Working Time Rules since the Change of Regime in Hungary and Romania
Authors: Lipták Katalin , Mélypataki Gábor , Vallasek Magdolna , Musinszki Zoltán
Published: May 2021

We examined two main questions in our paper, on the one hand, to find out how the legal regulations on working time and rest time have changed in Hungary and Romania in the last 3 decades, and on the other hand, to find out how the 20-29 age group relates to working time, overtime. In both countries, pre-transition labour codes have been replaced, bringing a new perspective to these countries. On the one hand, pre-regime change work organization models were partially or completely transformed, adapting to a new kind of capitalist market perception. Related to the previous two effects is the fact that both countries applied for membership in the European Union, which meant the incorporation of EU standards into national law and compliance with EU minimum standards. These EU effects have largely affected labour law and working time. In addition to the above, it is necessary to look not only at legal and economic changes, but also at social changes, shifts towards flexible legal relations and the effects of digitalisation. In the questionnaire, we asked young people (aged 20-29) with a degree in economics or law in Romania and Hungary, or who are still pursuing such studies, about how working time and overtime are perceived. As a research question, we formulated whether there is a difference or similarity between the opinions of young people living in Romania or Hungary in terms of working hours, overtime, and esteem from the employer. We hypothesize that this young age group, regardless of place of residence, typically has a similar view of working time and the labour market, but work experience has an influential power on the issue of working time. Keywords: labour law, working time, regime change, challenges
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM OIL-PALM FIBER AND ITS EVALUATION FOR METHYLENE BLUE ADSORPTION
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Pan Jian , Li Yanhui , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Xiaoping , Li Meixiu , Zheng Heng , Sun Yong , Wang Huimin , Du Qiuju
Published: June 2021

A new type of activated carbon was produced from oil-palm fiber using steam activation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on the surface of oil-palm-fiber activated carbon (OPF-AC). The spectra of OPF-AC was investigated with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The effects of the temperature, adsorbent dose, adsorption time and pH on the adsorption properties of methylene blue on OPF-AC were discussed. The Langmuir adsorption model and Freundlich adsorption model were used to find the adsorption equilibrium isotherm. Adsorption kinetics were employed to explain the adsorption process and predict the adsorption efficiency. The Van’t Hoff equation was used to assess the impact exerted by the adsorption temperature on the adsorbing process. According to the results, the data of the adsorption equilibrium of OPF-AC fit well the Langmuir adsorption model and the kinetics data can be gathered into a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption behavior of methylene blue on OPF-AC was endothermic and spontaneous. The total pore volume and BET surface area of OPF-AC reached 0.7809 cm3/g and 1018.84 m2/g, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of OPF-AC was 862.07 mg/g at 323 K. Accordingly, the gratifying adsorption of OPF-AC endows it with a promising prospect in the application field of agricultural adsorbents.
A MODIFYING GO AND DOPING IT IN WATERBORNE ACRYLIC COATINGS TO ENHANCE THEIR MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE AND CORROSION PROTECTION
Authors: Wang Xiao , Xie Yixiao , Cong Weiwei , Li Zhaolei , Xu Zexiao , Yan Hui , Gui Taijiang , Li Weili
Published: June 2021

With the development of science and technology and the ever-increasing focus of the environmental protection, waterborne acrylic resin based coating has been commonly used in a wide range of applications due to its high flexibility and good UV resistance. Continuous attempts have been extensively carried out to improve its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties through doping of different nanomaterials. In this study, Functionalized Graphene Oxide (FGO) nanosheets covalently bonded to hydroxylated acrylic resin was introduced into the Hydroxyacrylic Acid Dispersion (HAD) matrix to enhance the performance. To study the effect of grafted hydroxylated acrylic resin on morphology and properties of GO nanosheets, the GO and FGO nanosheets have been systematically characterized with various testing methods, such as FTIR, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, UV–vis analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology, physical–mechanical, and anti-corrosion properties of the HAD coatings doped with GO and FGO nanosheets have been compared. The results confirmed that FGO’s dispersion behavior in the HAD matrix has been improved after modifification with the hydroxylated acrylic resin, and the interfacial bonds between the HAD-FGO nanosheets have been significantly enhanced.
Morphine tolerance (Associative and Non-associative) development protocol v1
Authors: ghamkhar ghazal
Published: May 2021

Repeated administration of an opioid in the presence of specific environmental cues can induce tolerance specific to that setting (associative tolerance). Prolonged or repeated administration of an opioid without consistent contextual pairing yields non-associative tolerance. Here we demonstrate that VPA acting suppress both associative and non-associative morphine tolerance.
A comparison of erect weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing radiography of the cervical spine in non-trauma patients
Authors: Weerakoon Bimali S. , Karunaratne Nimali N. , Jayasundara Winitha S.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Various positioning techniques are utilized to enhance the visualization of lower cervical vertebrae on lateral radiographs. However, the effectiveness of these techniques still remains unclear. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the weight-bearing (WB) technique in visualizing lower cervical vertebrae and cervicothoracic junction (C7-T1) on standing lateral cervical radiographs of adult non-trauma patients. The study was conducted using both computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR) systems.Methods: Forty-four CR (29 WB and 15 non-WB – NWB) and 61 DR (26 WB and 35 NWB) lateral C-spine radiographs were prospectively evaluated to assess the visible number of cervical vertebral bodies and C7-T1 junction. The instructions given by the radiographer to the patient for the imaging procedure were also assessed on the Likert scale (very good, good, fair, poor, very poor).Results: There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the visualization of the number of vertebral bodies between the two techniques of WB and NWB for CR or DR. Further, no significant relationship (p > 0.05) was observed between the WB technique and the visualization of C7-T1 junction in DR systems. However, a significant difference was identified for CR (p = 0.012). The instruction given to the patient significantly correlated with the visibility of the lower C-spine region within each group of WB and NWB in both imaging systems.Conclusions: The visibility of the number of vertebral bodies in the lower C-spine region in either CR or DR systems did not demonstrate any enhancement with the WB technique. Regardless of the imaging system or techniques used, adequate instructions given to the patient before and during the imaging procedure of C-spine lateral radiography demonstrated a significant improvement in visualizing the lower C-spine region. In this preliminary study, the application of erect WB radiography technique in evaluating the lower cervical region of adult non-trauma patients gives limited advantage.
Vestibular bone thickness of the mandible in relation to the mandibular canal in a population from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Ajanović Muhamed , Tosum Pošković Selma , Kamber-Ćesir Alma , Redžović Edita , Kacila Mirsad , Kožul Karlo
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Dental implantology is the branch of dentistry that is gaining greater significance because a larger number of patients come with requests of implant placements. During dental implant placements, with patients with whom operation is carried out in the mandible, very frequently nervus alveolaris inferior can be injured. The nerve injury may occur during the implant placement, but the nerve may also be injured in case of harvesting of intraoral bone graft. During the bone graft harvesting, but also during any other procedure in the dentistry that entails working on vestibular side of corpus of the mandible, in order not to injure the nervus alveolaris inferior, it is important to familiarize oneself with the distance of the nerve from the outer vestibular cortex of the mandible. The objective of the study was to assess the vestibular bone thickness of the mandible in relation to the mandibular canal with the help of analysis of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.Methods: It was accessed the database of CBCT images taken at the School of Dental Medicine at the University of Sarajevo, where out of 700 reviewed CBCT images, an analysis of 322 CBCT images was conducted that satisfied inclusion criteria of the study. CBCT images were taken using of ORTHOPHOS SLX imaging unit. The measurement was conducted by Sidexis program on cross-section of CBCT image. The measurement of vestibular bone thickness was performed, by measuring the distance from the lateral wall of the mandibular canal to buccal mandibular compact bone, in the region of the second premolar, of the first and the second molar.Results: There were statistically significant differences in vestibular bone thickness between men and women on both sides in the region of the second premolar (p < 0.001) and first molar (p = 0.016 right, p = 0.018 left). T-test demonstrated no statistically significant difference in the vestibular bone thickens between men and women on either side in the case of vestibular bone thickness of the center of the second molar (p = 0.397 right, p = 0.743 left).Conclusion: Values of vestibular thickness of the mandible are larger with men than with women in all measuring points; however, statistically more significant differences between genders have been detected in the second premolar and center of the first molar.
Calidad del apego percibido hacia la figura paterna, materna y pares en adolescentes infractores
Authors: Acosta Tobón Sergio Andrés , Colorado Muñoz Samuel , Eusse Gallego Sara Tahia , Cuartas Arias Jorge Mauricio
Published: June 2021

El desarrollo evolutivo en la niñez y adolescencia está afectado por la percepción de la calidad del apego que el individuo atribuye a figuras paternales: madre - padre - pares. El objetivo central de este estudio fue estimar la calidad del apego percibido a figuras parentales y pares en adolescentes infractores privados de la libertad. El diseño metodológico fue cuantitativo de tipo observacional, transversal, retrospectivo y descriptivo, e implementó dos instrumentos: el autoinforme ad hoc (edad, escolaridad, delito, reincidencia, otros) y el Inventario de Apego con Padres y Pares validado para población adolescente en Colombia por Prado et al. (2006), que analiza tres dimensiones: comunicación, confianza y alienación. La muestra constó de 98 adolescentes hombres entre 14 y 19 años, privados de libertad por conductas punibles dolosas vinculados al Centro de Internamiento Preventivo “La Acogida” Antioquia (Colombia). La estadística descriptiva mediante medidas de tendencia central y análisis correlaciónales permitió identificar afectación negativa significativa en la percepción del apego hacia la figura paterna, en contraposición a la figura materna. La afectación en las dimensiones comunicación y confianza es más evidente en la delincuencia juvenil.
Metodologías inclusivas y emergentes para la formación docente en inclusión educativa
Authors: Quesada López María Isabel
Published: June 2021

Este artículo procura clarificar el concepto de inclusión educativa como el derecho de todas las personas a una educación de calidad, con la finalidade de reducir y eliminar la exclusión de cualquier tipo. Asimismo, se pretende oferecer distintas metodologías y estrategias inclusivas que pueden ser aplicadas en el aula para favorecer la inclusión del alumnado y mejorar el proceso educativo. Del mismo modo, la educación del siglo XXI debe de estar a la altura de la sociedad actual, por lo que se presentan distintas metodologías emergentes en educación que deberían implementarse en los centros educativos durante los próximos años, ya que nos encontramos en la era de la Tecnología de la Comunicación y la Información, y esta ha de estar presente en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje del alumnado. Resulta imprescincible que los docentes estén en formación continua y permanente y se encuentren preparados y formados para aplicar dichas metodologías y enfrentarse a los nuevos retos.
LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY: LINES OF INTERACTION
Authors: Khomenko Iryna , Shramko Yaroslav
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we argue in favour of the applicability of logical tools for the analysis of various philosophical issues. Different systems of the modern non-classical (philosophical) logic are considered, and a promising approach of research represented by informal logic. We conclude with some remarks about the prospects for a fruitful interaction of modern formal and informal logic with philosophical knowledge.
Methodological notes on the complex linguofolkloristic analysis of the poetics of the Methodius's translation of the Song of Songs
Authors: Dyadyshcheva-Rosovetska Juliya
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to some methodological issues that arise in the linguistic and folklore analysis of the poetics of the Methodius's translation of the Song of Songs, which we consider as an orally poetic text, later elaborated in literature. The parameters of interlingual, interfaith and interethnic transmission under conditions of considerable time duration are outlined. Problems related to layers not only temporal, but also within several ethnic traditions, namely: ancient Egyptian, ancient Jewish, ancient Greek, ancient Slavic. There are a number of tropes and stylistic figures that are used as a means of organizing the text or used as components for stylistic symmetry. These are permanent epithets, different types of repetitions, anaphora and epiphora, tautological combinations, pleonastic combinations, allegories, comparisons, ekphrasis, specific composites, etc. It is possible to involve in the study of common in folklore hyperbole, personifications, paraphrases. The range of methodological difficulties is outlined. The article warns about the counterproductiveness of the study of literary tropes in isolation from the contexts of specific works, in the abstract non-ethnic continuum, although in synchrony and diachrony. If in the national literatures, especially in the early stages of their development, there are peculiar genre systems, then in folklore there are differences in genres of even related ethnic groups. Hence, the need to take into account the differences between the genres of wedding poetry in ancient Aramaic folklore and in the oral traditions of the peoples whose scribes translated the poem. The importance of a specific contextual study of the tracks of the Song of Songs is emphasized, because the movement of its texts in time and space is a change in their perceptions by translators, editors, transcribers, which leads to changes in understanding and aesthetic acceptance of the monument by readers. It is stressed that the full picture can be obtained only by examining all the national and ethnic branches of the family tree of the monument. The question of place in such a comprehensive study of religious allegorical and symbolic interpretations is also delivered in the article.
Consumers Buying Behaviour and Challenges Faced by Consumers During COVID-19 Pandemic Regarding FMCG Products ( During Indian Lockdown)
Authors: Et. al. Dr. Priyanka Rai,
Published: May 2021

Pandemics are the imminent health challenges for consumers whereby fear and panic are integral human responses historically. Panic behavior during pandemic is an expected response consumer threatens the ability to cope and destroy the existing balance in life. Consumers develop much-unexplained behavior which differs from region to region, culture to culture. Panic buying / increased buying behavior has been observed during public health emergencies since the ancient period. However, the exact psychological explanation responsible for it has not sought systematically. Therefore, the study is to intend a thrust to identify the possible psychological explanations behind the consumer buying behavior during pandemics. A perception of scarcity is strongly linked with the consumer buying behavior during pandemics, and collecting & saving behaviors increases if the scarcity develops for the immediate necessaries. It also creates a feeling of insecurity which in turn activates another mechanism to collect things. Panic buying also has been linked with perceived feeling of insecurity and instability of certain situations. Furthermore, supply disruption, a condition where normal product supply in supply chain interrupted, has been frequently observed during a disaster or other unwanted calamities. This also led to a feeling of insecurity. The objective of study is to analyze how pandemic affect consumer buying pattern and sentiments.
In Memory of Sergey P. Sergeechev (13.10.1962–07.01.2021)
Authors: Murga Vladimir V.
Published: May 2021

This paper provides information about the sudden death from COVID-19 of Sergey P. Sergeechev, the head of the Department of Purulent Surgery of Tver Childrens Regional Clinical Hospital.
Kronik tofüslü gut ve sakroiliit birlikteliği: bir olgu sunumu
Authors: KARATAŞ Neşe Merve , TÜRK İpek
Published: May 2021

Sakroiliitin en sık nedeni spondiloartritler(SpA) olsa da travma, enfeksiyon, maligniteler ve kristal artropatilerde de görülebilir. Axial iskelet tutulumu süregen gutta beklense de sakroiliak eklem bölgesinde tutulum daha da nadirdir. Gut ilişkili sakroiliit için beklenen yaş aralığı 45-80 olmakla beraber 40 yaşın altında oldukça nadirdir. Sunduğumuz olgu literatürdeki en genç olgu olmakla beraber sakroiliit etiyolojisinde SpA dışındaki nedenleri hatırlatması açısından önemlidir.
Relationship between RS time and the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: YILDIZ İbrahim , ÖZMEN YILDIZ Pınar , SAZLIDERE Hüsamettin , GÜREVİN Mehmet Sait , RENCÜZOĞULLARI İbrahim , KARABAĞ Yavuz , BURAK Cengiz , ÖZMEN Çağlar
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The aim of our study was to determine whether the RS time measured on an electrocardiogram is associated with the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Materials and Methods: The study population was made up of 100 COPD patients with a mean age of 63 ± 10 years (86% were males). These patients were divided into the mild and moderate COPD (GOLD 1–2) group (n = 45) and the severe and very severe COPD (GOLD 3–4) group (n = 55) according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages. These groups were compared with each other.

Results: Heart rate, P wave axis, QRS axis, RS time, and incidence of right bundle branch block were significantly higher in patients with severe and very severe COPD. In the multivariable analysis, heart rate, P wave axis, and RS time (odds ratio = 1.081) were the independent predictors of severe and very severe COPD. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the best RS time cutoff value for the prediction of severe and very severe COPD was 60 ms, with a sensitivity of 69.1% and a specificity of 66.7%.

Conclusion: RS time simply measured on an electrocardiogram may be a useful screening test for the quick estimation of patients with severe and very severe COPD.
DİN ÖĞRETİMİNDE KULLANILAN HADİS ÇEVİRİLERİNİN ANLAŞILMA DÜZEYİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA: 4. SINIF DİN KÜLTÜRÜ VE AHLAK BİLGİSİ DERS KİTABI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KANDEMİR Sibel
Published: May 2021

Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi dersi ülkemizde yapılan din öğretiminin temelini oluşturmaktadır. 4. Sınıftan itibaren zorunlu olarak okutulan bu derste üniteler inanç, ibadet, ahlak ile din ve kültür öğrenme alanları olarak planlanmıştır. Dinin temel kaynaklarına dayanarak öğretim yapmanın amaçlandığı ders kitaplarında konularla ilgili ayet ve hadis çevirilerine yer verilmektedir. Ders kitaplarında yer alan bu çevirilerin öğrenciler tarafından nasıl anlaşıldığına ilişkin yapılan çalışmalar ayet çevirileri üzerine yoğunlaşmakta ve hadis çevirileri üzerinde de benzer çalışmaların yapılması ihtiyacı gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada 4. Sınıf Din Kültürü ve ahlak Bilgisi ders kitabında yer alan hadis çevirilerinin öğrenciler tarafından nasıl algılandığı konusu ele alınmaktadır. Hadis çevirilerinin öğrencilerin zihinsel gelişimleri, dil gelişimleri ve dinî ve ahlaki gelişimleri açısından uygunluğu incelenmiştir. Makalemizde hadis çevirilerinin öğrenciler tarafından nasıl algılandığı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmakta ve yanlış yorumlanma sebepleri üzerinde durulmaktadır.
Los proyectos legislativos previsionales en Argentina y Chile durante el período 2005-2010. Un estudio comparado
Authors: Oesterheld Fransisco
Published: May 2021

Los gobiernos de Néstor Kirchner (2003-2007) yCristina Fernández (2007-2015) en Argentina y deMichelle Bachelet (2006-2010) en Chile heredaronsistemas previsionales en crisis; con problemasde financiamiento, cobertura y nivel de haberes.Ante la falta de cobertura se lanzaron programaspara facilitar el acceso a la jubilación. Este tipo demedidas generaron debates en torno al funcionamientogeneral del sistema. El presente artículoversa sobre las estrategias y proyectos legislativosen materia previsional propuestos en Argentina yChile durante el período 2005-2010. A partir de laperspectiva de la sociología histórica, compara laspropuestas para mejorar la cobertura y el nivel delos haberes.
La intermunicipalidad en el AMBA. Análisis de las experiencias de asociativismo Región Metropolitana Norte y Consorcio de Municipios del Conurbano Sur
Authors: Rubino Fernando
Published: May 2021

Este artículo presenta un análisis de los dos casosmás significativos de asociativismo intermunicipaldel Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. La revisióndel génesis de los proyectos, su agenda y dinámicade trabajo, el alcance de sus políticas, las relacionespolíticas que implicaron y las causas del declive permitenreflexionar sobre las posibilidades que estearreglo institucional ofrece como herramienta degestión para abordar la cuestión metropolitana enla Provincia de Buenos Aires. La formalización delos consorcios, la delimitación del alcance y objetivos,las políticas de promoción y financiación de losniveles superiores de gobierno y la participación deactores no gubernamentales estratégicos para el desarrolloson claves para pensar intermunicipalidadesque se sostengan en el tiempo.
Las estructuras organizativas en la Provincia de Buenos Aires durante el gobierno de Cambiemos (2015-2019)
Authors: Piana Ricardo Sebastián , Patiño Jaramillo Daniel José
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se describe la política de estructurasorganizativas de la Administración Pública dela provincia de Buenos Aires durante la gobernaciónde María Eugenia Vidal (2015-2019). El análisisde la legislación referida a los ministerios deGobierno, de Jefatura de Gabinete/Coordinacióny Gestión Pública, e Infraestructura y ServiciosPúblicos, y la evolución de las respectivas estructurasorganizativas revela el crecimiento de esos organismosy el número de cargos políticos duranteese periodo a pesar del discurso oficial de recortedel gasto público, y la instalación de diseños institucionalesanómalos. El análisis revela asimismo laexistencia de rasgos organizativos y estilos particularesque diferencian a la gestión provincial de ladesarrollada en el plano nacional por el gobiernode la coalición Cambiemos, a la que pertenece laex gobernadora Vidal.
A comparative evaluation of design factors on bubble column operation in photosynthetic biogas upgrading
Authors: Bose Archishman , O’Shea Richard , Lin Richen , Murphy Jerry D.
Published: May 2021

Studies attempting to optimise photosynthetic biogas upgrading by simultaneous investigation of the bubble column-photobioreactor setup have experienced considerable variability in results and conclusions. To identify the sources of such variation, this work quantitatively compared seven design factors (superficial gas velocity; liquid to gas flow rate (L/G) ratio; empty bed residence time; liquid inlet pH; liquid inlet alkalinity; temperature; and algal concentration) using the L16 Taguchi orthogonal array as a screening design of experiment. Assessments were performed using the signal to noise (S/N) ratio on the performance of CO2 removal (CO­2 removal efficiency, CO2 absorption rate, and overall CO2 mass transfer coefficient) and O2 stripping (O2 concentration in biomethane and O2 flow rate in biomethane). Results showed that pH and L/G ratio were the most critical design factors. Temperature and gas residence times had minimal impact on the biomethane composition. The interactive effect between pH and L/G ratio was the most impactful, followed by the interactive effects between superficial gas velocity and L/G ratio and pH on CO2 removal efficiency. The impact of L/G ratio, algal concentration, and pH (in that order of impact) caused up to a 90% variation in oxygen content in biomethane. However, algal concentration had a diminishing role as the L/G ratio increased. Using only the statistically significant main effects and interactions, the biomethane composition (CO2% and O2%) was predicted with over 95% confidence through regression equations for superficial gas velocity up to 0.2 cm/s.
Comparison of acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation and ethanol catalytic upgrading as pathways for butanol production: A techno-economic and environmental assessment
Authors: Carmona-Garcia Estefanny , Marín-Valencia Paula Andrea , Solarte-Toro Juan Camilo , Moustakas Konstantinos , Cardona-Alzate Carlos Ariel
Published: May 2021

Butanol is an important compound used as a building block for producing value-added products and an energy carrier. The main butanol production pathways are conventional acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation and catalytic upgrading of ethanol. On the other hand, the application of biomass as a promising substrate for biofuel production has been widely considered recently. However, few studies have compared different butanol production pathways using biomass as raw material. In light of that, the present work aims (i) to provide a short review of the catalytic ethanol upgrading and (ii) to compare conventional ABE fermentation and catalytic ethanol upgrading processes from the economic and environmental perspectives. Aspen Plus v9.0 was used to simulate both processes. The economic and environmental assessments were carried out considering the Colombian economic context, a gate-to-gate approach, and single impact categories. Considering a processing scale of 1000 ton/d, the conventional ABE fermentation process presented a more favorable technical, economic, and environmental performance for butanol production from biomass. It also offered lower net energy consumption (i.e., 57.9 GJ/ton of butanol) and higher butanol production (i.e., 2.59 ton/h). Nevertheless, the proposed processing scale was insufficient to reach economic feasibility for both processes. To overcome this challenge, the minimum processing scale had to be higher than 1584 ton/d and 1920 ton/d for conventional ABE fermentation and catalytic ethanol upgrading, respectively. Another critical factor in enhancing the economic feasibility of both butanol production pathways was the minimum selling price of butanol. More specifically, prices higher than 1.56 USD/kg and 1.80 USD/kg would be required for conventional ABE fermentation and catalytic ethanol upgrading, respectively. From the environmental impact point of view, the conventional ABE fermentation process led to a lower potential environmental impact than catalytic ethanol upgrading (0.12 PEI/kg vs. 0.18 PEI/kg, respectively).
Receptor expectations and interlingual translation reception
Authors: Deckert Mikołaj
Published: May 2021

The fundamental question that this paper addresses is to what extent an individual’s judgment of incoming linguistic stimuli – in the form of a translation product – can be thought of as static and objective, as opposed to dynamic and subjectively constructed. By extension, this article proposes that rather than being viewed (solely) as displaying a set of stable features, the target text can be construed as a cognitive construct that is dynamically shaped. This proposition is tested against the cognitive mechanisms of expectations. I discuss two empirical studies examining how expectations about the authorship of translation, and therefore its characteristics like quality, can influence the audience’s perception of the translation product. The question is examined for written translation (Study 1) and subtitling (Study 2). While in both cases, the central subject of inquiry are linguistic stimuli, in the latter case, these are embedded multimodally. The hypothesis is that generating certain product expectations through the use of linguistic cues will lead the audience to assess the product differently than in a condition where identical material is assessed without cuing or where opposite receptor expectations are generated. It is relevant to note that both experiments were conducted with students whose background included linguistics and translation. Such a participant profile could be associated with a more rigorously principled – and therefore stable – assessment of linguistic stimuli in both monosemiotic and polysemiotic contexts. This, in turn, would make our participants less susceptible to the effects of anticipatory cognition than would be the case with participants without formal training in the relevant fields
Some remarks on the elaboration of a multilingual specialized dictionary of hippology
Authors: Galova Stanislava , Klimentova Katarina , Moravcova Lubomira
Published: May 2021

Specialized vocabulary is one of the most important and dynamically developing subsystems of a national language. Due to the continuous development within society, most of the subject fields are characterized by considerable variability and terminological inconsistency. One of the possibilities to contribute to more effective and clearer communication is the collection of terms in the form of specialized glossaries and dictionaries. The elaboration of the dictionary is not an easy task. It requires a precise and detailed plan of individual activities and the cooperation of experts and specialists in the field of linguistics and a subject field in question. The aim of the study is to describe the individual phases of the elaboration of a multilingual specialized dictionary of hippology and to present in more detail the pitfalls of its creation.
English idioms peculiarities in political discourse (Based on British and American media)
Authors: Baghana Jeroma , Voloshina Tatiana G. , Slobodova Novakova Katarina , Chernova Olga O.
Published: May 2021

Political discourse is an integral part of cross-cultural communication, a way of interaction between political elites and the population. Various means of stylistic devices of expressiveness are used by many politicians today to have the most significant impact on the audience. According to the research work, ways of intellectual influence are often used in the media, and one of them is an idiom. The author's stress and the variety of idiomatic foundations in modern English are rich and diverse in their representation types. The relevance of the research work is determined by the fact that understanding the meaning of idiomatic units is extremely important in the communication process to determine the semantic load and political orientation of a text or speech. The article deals with the analysis of idioms functioning in the political discourse reflecting characteristic cultural features based on British and American political texts. The authors stress the importance of linguistic and cultural cooperation while process interpretation. According to work, the analysis of idioms meaning in public speeches of famous British and American politicians is a challenging task considering the difference in language and cultural perception of different cultures: British and American. One must mention, to avoid misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication, it is necessary to know the various aspects' ground of such a language phenomenon as an idiomatic unit. The research work aims to study the variability of English and American idioms based on political texts and give their Russian equivalents if possible
Semantic re-evaluation in the national socialist language and its diction in the right-wing populism
Authors: Frastikova Simona , Najslova Miroslava
Published: May 2021

Language and its correct application is a prerequisite for successful communication, not least for political communication. The main determinant of the success of politicians in elections is, above all, persuasion. It plays an important role in both direct and indirect communication of a political party with voters, and one of the frequent accompanying phenomena in a given communication is the use of language units in accordance with the corresponding ideology of the political party, which we understand in a broader context. A typical example here is the ideology of National Socialism, where it is clear to see how certain words, through semantic re-evaluation, have lost their original meaning and acquired a new one that corresponded to the views of the ruling ideology. However, some of these words are still present in the political discourse of right-wing populists, not least in Austria. It is the right-wing populist party Freedom Party of Austria (German: Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ) that applies a semantic re-evaluation of language units in its election posters, which either explicitly or implicitly reflects national socialist diction in election campaigns. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the application of semantic reevaluation during the rule of the National Socialists on selected words blood, revolution and socialism and to point out the individual linguistic references of National Socialism with contemporary right-wing populists and in their election posters.