bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co‐micellized Pluronic mixture with thermo‐sensitivity and residence stability as an injectable tissue adhesion barrier hydrogel
Authors: Oh Se Heang , Kang Jun Goo , Lee Jin Ho
Published: December 2016

Although the tissue adhesion which leads to various complications frequently occurs after surgery, the development of an ideal tissue adhesion barrier is still a challenge. In this study, a thermo‐sensitive hydrogel, which can fulfill the essential requirements of tissue adhesion barrier (that is, ease of handling for surgeon, flowing down prevention after application, stable residence on the injury during wound healing, and no use of toxic additives), was developed using biocompatible polyethylene glycol‐polypropylene glycol copolymers (Pluronic F127/F68/P123 mixture). From the in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal study, it was observed that the Pluronic mixtures showed sol‐gel transition at approximately body temperature (for easy injection or coating on the injury site and flowing down prevention after application) and prolonged residence stability in aqueous environment (> ∼7 days for stable protection of injury tissues/organs during wound healing), and thus was highly effective for the prevention of tissue adhesion without adverse tissue responses. Based on these results, the Pluronic F127/F68/P123 mixture itself (without any additives) can be a good candidate as an injectable or coatable tissue adhesion barrier hydrogel applicable to various injury tissues in terms of ease of use, effectiveness, and safety. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 172–182, 2018.
Treatment Sequence Matters: Anabolic and Antiresorptive Therapy for Osteoporosis
Authors: Cosman Felicia , Nieves Jeri W , Dempster David W
Published: December 2016

The effects of anabolic medications (teriparatide [TPTD] and parathyroid hormone [PTH]) differ in patients who have received recent treatment with potent antiresorptives. This perspective reviews studies evaluating bone density (BMD) and histomorphometric effects of treatment sequences beginning with TPTD/PTH followed by potent antiresorptives and those beginning with potent antiresorptives followed by switching to or adding TPTD. Effect of treatment sequence on spine BMD outcome is minor, with modest quantitative differences. However, when individuals established on potent bisphosphonates are switched to TPTD, hip BMD declines below baseline for at least the first 12 months after the switch to TPTD. This transient hip BMD loss is more prominent when the antiresorptive is denosumab; in this setting, hip BMD remains below baseline for almost a full 24 months. In a controlled comparison of those who switched from alendronate to TPTD versus those who added TPTD to ongoing alendronate, the effect on hip BMD was improved with combination therapy. Furthermore, hip strength improved with the addition of TPTD to ongoing alendronate, whereas it was neutral after switching from alendronate to TPTD, primarily due to the effect on cortical bone. Bone biopsy studies indicate that TPTD stimulates bone formation in patients who have not been treated previously as well as in patients on prior and ongoing bisphosphonates. Histomorphometric evidence suggests that use of alendronate with TPTD blocks the TPTD-induced increase in cortical porosity. When possible, we suggest anabolic therapy first, followed by potent antiresorptive therapy. The common practice of switching to TPTD only after patients have an inadequate response to antiresorptives (intercurrent fracture or inadequate BMD effect) is not the optimal utilization of anabolic treatment. In fact, this may result in transient loss of hip BMD and strength. In this setting, continuing a potent antiresorptive while starting TPTD might improve hip outcomes. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Bone Resorption Is Regulated by Circadian Clock in Osteoblasts
Authors: Takarada Takeshi , Xu Cheng , Ochi Hiroki , Nakazato Ryota , Yamada Daisuke , Nakamura Saki , Kodama Ayumi , Shimba Shigeki , Mieda Michihiro , Fukasawa Kazuya , Ozaki Kakeru , Iezaki Takashi , Fujikawa Koichi , Yoneda Yukio , Numano Rika , Hida Akiko , Tei Hajime , Takeda Shu , Hinoi Eiichi
Published: December 2016

We have previously shown that endochondral ossification is finely regulated by the Clock system expressed in chondrocytes during postnatal skeletogenesis. Here we show a sophisticated modulation of bone resorption and bone mass by the Clock system through its expression in bone-forming osteoblasts. Brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (Bmal1) and Period1 (Per1) were expressed with oscillatory rhythmicity in the bone in vivo, and circadian rhythm was also observed in cultured osteoblasts of Per1::luciferase transgenic mice. Global deletion of murine Bmal1, a core component of the Clock system, led to a low bone mass, associated with increased bone resorption. This phenotype was recapitulated by the deletion of Bmal1 in osteoblasts alone. Co-culture experiments revealed that Bmal1-deficient osteoblasts have a higher ability to support osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]-induced receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (Rankl) expression was more strongly enhanced in both Bmal1-deficient bone and cultured osteoblasts, whereas overexpression of Bmal1/Clock conversely inhibited it in osteoblasts. These results suggest that bone resorption and bone mass are regulated at a sophisticated level by osteoblastic Clock system through a mechanism relevant to the modulation of 1,25(OH)2D3-induced Rankl expression in osteoblasts. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Purification and characterization of a platelet aggregation inhibitor and anticoagulant Cc 5_NTase, CD 73‐like, from Cerastes cerastes venom
Authors: Saoud Samah , Chérifi Fatah , Benhassine Traki , Laraba‐Djebari Fatima
Published: December 2016

The present study is the first attempt to report the characterization of a nucleotidase from Cerastes cerastes venom. A 70 kDa 5′‐nucleotidase (Cc‐5′NTase) was purified to homogeneity. The amino acid sequence of Cc‐5′NTase displayed high homology with many nucleotidases. Its activity was optimal at pH 7 with a specific hydrolytic activity toward mono‐, di‐, and triphosphate adenylated nucleotides. Cc‐5′NTase preferentially hydrolyzed ADP and obeyed Michaelis–Menten kinetics. Among the metals and inhibitors tested, Ni2+ and Mg2+ completely potentiated enzyme activity, whereas EGTA, PMSF, iodoacetamide, vanillic acid, vanillyl mandelic acid, and 1,10‐phenanthroline partially abolished its activity. Cc‐5′NTase was not lethal for mice at 5 mg/kg and exhibited in vivo anticoagulant effect. It also dose‐dependently inhibited adenosine diphosphate‐induced platelet aggregation by converting adenosine diphosphate to adenosine and prohibited arachidonic acid‐induced aggregation but was not effective on fibrinogen‐induced aggregation. Cc‐5′NTase could be a good tool as pharmacological molecule in thrombosis diagnostic and/or therapy.
Implementation of the Bethe−Salpeter equation in the TURBOMOLE program
Authors: Krause Katharina , Klopper Wim
Published: December 2016

A software update solving the Bethe−Salpeter equation (BSE) is reported for the ESCF module of the TURBOMOLE program for the theoretical description of electronically excited states of atoms and molecules. A resolution‐of‐the‐identity (RI) approximation is used for all two‐electron electron‐repulsion integrals that are required for solving the equation. Symmetry is utilized for the point group D2h and its subgroups, and the BSE approach can be applied in either a spin‐restricted or a spin‐unrestricted Kohn−Sham formalism. Triplet as well as singlet excited states of closed‐shell atoms and molecules can be treated in the spin‐restricted formalism. As a side product, the present software update also allows for the application of the RI approximation to the Hartree−Fock exchange contribution that occurs when a hybrid functional is used in time‐dependent density‐functional theory. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Carbocysteine and Beclomethasone on Histone Acetylation/Deacetylation Processes in Cigarette Smoke Exposed Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Pace Elisabetta , Di Vincenzo Serena , Ferraro Maria , Siena Liboria , Chiappara Giuseppina , Dino Paola , Vitulo Patrizio , Bertani Alessandro , Saibene Federico , Lanata Luigi , Gjomarkaj Mark
Published: December 2016

Histone deacetylase expression/activity may control inflammation, cell senescence, and responses to corticosteroids. Cigarette smoke exposure, increasing oxidative stress, may negatively affect deacetylase expression/activity. The effects of cigarette smoke extracts (CSE), carbocysteine, and beclomethasone dipropionate on chromatin remodeling processes in human bronchial epithelial cells are largely unknown. The present study was aimed to assess the effects of cigarette smoke, carbocysteine, and beclomethasone dipropionate on histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) expression/activity, N‐CoR (nuclear receptor corepressor) expression, histone acetyltransferases (HAT) (p300/CBP) expression, p‐CREB and IL‐1 m‐RNA expression, neutrophil chemotaxis. Increased p‐CREB expression was observed in the bronchial epithelium of smokers. CSE increased p‐CREB expression and decreased HDAC3 expression and activity and N‐CoR m‐RNA and protein expression. At the same time, CSE increased the expression of the HAT, p300/CBP. All these events increased acetylation processes within the cells and were associated to increased IL‐1 m‐RNA expression and neutrophil chemotaxis. The incubation of CSE exposed cells with carbocysteine and beclomethasone counteracted the effects of cigarette smoke on HDAC3 and N‐CoR but not on p300/CBP. The increased deacetylation processes due to carbocysteine and beclomethasone dipropionate incubation is associated to reduced p‐CREB, IL‐1 m‐RNA expression, neutrophil chemotaxis. These findings suggest a new role of combination therapy with carbocysteine and beclomethasone dipropionate in restoring deacetylation processes compromised by cigarette smoke exposure. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2851–2859, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factor Xa Signaling Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Ebrahimi Safieh , Rezaei Sara , Seiri Parvaneh , Ryzhikov Mikhail , Hashemy Seyed Isaac , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi
Published: December 2016

The coagulation protease Factor Xa (FXa) triggers a variety of signaling pathways through activation of protease‐activated receptors (PARs) and non‐PAR receptors. FXa‐mediated signaling is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases including fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Thus, targeting of FXa can have great clinical significance in terms of the treatment of these disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the mechanism of FXa signaling in cellular and animal systems under (patho) physiological conditions for a better understanding and hence a better management of FXa‐induced disorders. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1966–1970, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systemic and Local Adipose Tissue in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Belluzzi Elisa , El Hadi Hamza , Granzotto Marnie , Rossato Marco , Ramonda Roberta , Macchi Veronica , De Caro Raffaele , Vettor Roberto , Favero Marta
Published: December 2016

Osteoarthritis is a common chronic joint disorder affecting older people. The knee is the major joint affected. The symptoms of osteoarthritis include limited range of motion, joint swelling, and pain causing disability. There are no disease modifying drugs available, and treatments are mainly focused on pain management. Total knee replacement performed at the end stage of the disease is considered the only cure available. It has been found that obese people have an increased risk to develop not only knee but also hand osteoarthritis. This supports the concept that adipose tissue might be related to osteoarthritis not only through overloading. As matter of fact, obesity induces a low grade systemic inflammatory state characterized by the production and secretion of several adipocytokines that may have a role in osteoarthritis development. Furthermore, hypertension, impaired glucose, and lipid metabolism, which are comorbidities associated with obesity, have been shown to alter the joint tissue homeostasis. Moreover, infrapatellar fat pad in the knee has been demonstrated to be a local source of adipocytokines and potentially contribute to osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the role of systemic and local adipose tissue in knee osteoarthritis. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1971–1978, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pathogenic Role of Associated Adherent‐Invasive Escherichia coli in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Mazzarella Giuseppe , Perna Angelica , Marano Angela , Lucariello Angela , Rotondi Aufiero Vera , Sorrentino Alida , Melina Raffaele , Guerra Germano , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Iaquinto Gaetano , De Luca Antonio
Published: December 2016

Several lines of evidence suggest that adherent‐invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strains play an important role in Crohn's disease (CD). The objective of this study was to investigate the pathogenic role of two AIEC strains, LF82 and O83:H1, in CD patients. Organ cultures of colonic biopsies from patients were set up to assess the effects of LF82 and O83:H1 on the expression of CEACAM6, LAMP1, HLA‐DR, ICAM1 by immunohistochemistry and of IL‐8, IFNʏ, and TNF‐α genes by RT‐PCR. Moreover, on Caco2 cells, we analyzed the cell cycle, the expression of MGMT and DNMT1 genes, and DNA damage induced by LF82 and O83:H1, by FACS, RT‐PCR, and DAPI staining, respectively. Epithelial and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMNC) expression of CEACAM6 and LAMP1 were higher in biopsies cultured in the presence of both O83:H1 and LF82 than in biopsies cultured with non‐pathogenic E. coli. Both AIEC strains induced increased expression of ICAM‐1 on blood vessels and HLA‐DR on LPMNC. We observed higher levels of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, and IL‐8 transcripts in biopsies cultured with both AIEC strains than in those cultured with NP. Both LF82 and O83:H1, block the cell cycle into S phase, inducing DNA damage, and modulate the expression of DNMT1 and MGMT genes. Our data suggest that LF82 and 083:H1 strains of E. coli are able to increase in CD colonic biopsies the expression of all the pro‐inflammatory cytokines and all the mucosal immune markers investigated. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2860–2868, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of Macrophage Inhibitory Factor (MIF) by Primary Sertoli Cells; Its Possible Involvement in Migration of Spermatogonial Cells
Authors: Huleihel Mahmoud , Abofoul‐Azab Maram , Abarbanel Yael , Einav Iris , Levitas Elyahu , Lunenfeld Eitan
Published: December 2016

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional molecule. MIF was originally identified as a T‐cell‐derived factor responsible for the inhibition of macrophage migration. In testicular tissue of adult rats, MIF is constitutively expressed by Leydig cells under physiological conditions. The aim of this study was to examine MIF levels in testicular homogenates from different aged mice, and the capacity of Sertoli cells to produce it. We also examined MIF involvement in spermatogonial cell migration. Similar levels of MIF protein were detected in testicular homogenates of mice of different ages (1–8‐week‐old). However, the RNA expression levels of MIF were high in 1‐week‐old mice and significantly decreased with age compared to 1‐week‐old mice. MIF was stained in Sertoli, Leydig cells, and developed germ cells in the seminiferous tubules. Isolated Sertoli cells from 1‐week‐old mice stained to MIF. Cultures of Sertoli cells from 1‐week‐old mice produced and expressed high levels of MIF which significantly decreased with age. MIF was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of Sertoli cell cultures isolated from 1‐week‐old mice; however, it was localized only in the cytoplasm and branches of cultures isolated from 8‐week‐old mice. MIFR was detected in GFRα1 and Sertoli cells. MIF could induce migration of spermatogonial cells, and this effect was synergistic with glial cell‐line neurotrophic factor. Our results show, for the first time, the capacity of Sertoli cells to produce MIF under normal conditions and that MIFR expressed in GFRα1 and Sertoli cells. We also showed that MIF induced spermatogonial cell migration. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2869–2877, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generation of Insulin‐Producing Cells From Human‐Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Stepwise Differentiation Protocol Optimized With Platelet‐Rich Plasma
Authors: Enderami Seyed Ehsan , Mortazavi Yousef , Soleimani Masoud , Nadri Samad , Biglari Alireza , Mansour Reyhaneh Nassiri
Published: December 2016

Studies on patient‐specific human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) as well as a series of autologous growth factors presumably will reveal their many benefits for cell base replacement therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM) patients in the future. For this purpose, we established a multistep protocol by adding platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) that induce the hiPSCs into insulin‐producing cells (IPCs). We present here a differentiation protocol consisting of five stages in two groups including protocol with PRP and without PRP. Charac­teristics of derived IPCs in both groups were evaluated at the mRNA and protein levels, cell cycle and viability in the end stage of cell differentiation. The in vitro studies indicated the treatment of hiPSCs in the protocol with PRP resulting in differentiated cells with strong characteristics of IPCs including islet‐like cells, the expression of mature and functional pancreatic beta cell specific marker genes. In addition to these pancreatic specific markers were detected by immunochemistry and Western blot. Our differentiated cells in two groups secreted insulin and C‐peptide in a glucose stimulation test by ELISA showing in vitro functional. The results of the cell cycle assay confirmed that differentiation has been done. We reported for the first time that PRP might be ideal additive in the culture medium to induce pancreatic differentiation in the hiPSCs. This study provides a new approach to investigate the role of PRP in pancreatic differentiation protocols and enhance the feasibility of using patient‐specific iPSCs and autologous PRP for future beta cells replacement therapies for T1DM. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2878–2886, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved 68Ga‐labeling method using ethanol addition: Application to the α‐helical peptide DOTA‐FAMP
Authors: Hasegawa Koki , Kawachi Emi , Uehara Yoshinari , Yoshida Tsuyoshi , Imaizumi Satoshi , Ogawa Masahiro , Miura Shin‐ichiro , Saku Keijiro
Published: December 2016

We examined the 68Ga labeling of the α‐helical peptide, DOTA‐FAMP, and evaluated conformational changes during radiolabeling. 68Ga‐DOTA‐FAMP is a positron emission tomography probe candidate for atherosclerotic plaques. The labeling yield achieved by Zhernosekov's method (using acetone for 68Ga purification) was compared with that achieved by the original and 2 modified Mueller's methods (using NaCl solution). Modified method I involves desalting the 68Ga prior to labeling, and modified method II involves the inclusion of ethanol in the labeling solution. The labeling yield using Zhernosekov's method was 62% ± 5.4%. In comparison, Mueller's original method gave 8.9% ± 1.7%. Modified method I gave a slight improvement of 32% ± 2.1%. Modified method II further increased the yield to 66% ± 3.4%. Conformational changes were determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy, revealing that these differences could be attributed to conformational changes. Heat treatment affects peptide conformation, which leads to aggregation and decreases the labeling yield. Mueller's method is simpler, but harsh conditions preclude its application to biomolecules. To suppress aggregation, we included a desalting process and added ethanol in the labeling solution. These changes significantly improved the labeling yield. Before use for imaging, conformational changes of biomolecules during radiolabeling should be evaluated by circular dichroism spectroscopy to ensure the homogeneity of the labeled product.
Exploring Holocene palaeogeography in the ‘white ribbon’: a Mesolithic case study from the Northumberland coast
Authors: Bicket A. R. , Mellett C. L. , Tizzard L. , Waddington C.
Published: December 2016

Mesolithic settlement sites preserved on the north‐east coast of England and in south‐east Scotland drive questions about the relationship between early human settlement and the Holocene palaeogeography of ‘Doggerland’. Palaeogeographical reconstructions before 8000 years ago have been restricted by a lack of sea‐level index points and particularly by sparse nearshore geophysical and geological datasets required for such reconstructions. This paper presents new high‐resolution geophysical survey data from Northumberland's nearshore ‘white ribbon’ which provide a foundation for more accurate palaeogeographical reconstructions within which early prehistoric settlement sites can be more readily understood. High‐resolution bathymetry data collected in the nearshore adjacent to the Mesolithic house site at Howick are integrated with coastal LiDAR, seismic, geological and archaeological datasets to underpin palaeogeographical reconstructions. The reconstructions illustrate changing coastal landscapes during Early Holocene sea‐level rise. The data and interpretations provide a ‘source‐to‐sea’ context for understanding the archaeology at important sites such as Howick and Low Hauxley. Furthermore, they provide a basis for enhancing management of at‐risk coastal prehistoric archaeology and a framework to prospect for and protect further vulnerable nearshore archaeological heritage.
Effects of steam‐microwave blanching and different drying processes on drying characteristics and quality attributes of Thunbergia laurifolia Linn. leaves
Authors: Phahom Traiphop , Phoungchandang Singhanat , Kerr William L
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND

Dried Thunbergia laurifolia leaves are usually prepared using tray drying, resulting in products that have lost substantial amounts of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. The maturity of the raw material, blanching techniques and drying methods were investigated in order to select the best condition to produce high qualities of dried T. laurifolia leaves.

RESULTS

The 1st stage of maturity was selected and steam‐microwave blanching (SMB) for 4 min was adequate for blanching leading to the maximum recovery of bioactive compounds. The modified Halsey model was the best desorption isotherm model. A new drying model proposed in this study was the best to fit the drying curves as compared to five common drying models. Moisture diffusivities were increased with the increase of drying temperature when combining SMB and heat pump‐dehumidified drying. Microwave heat pump‐dehumidified drying (MHPD) provided the shortest drying time, high specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) and could reduce drying time by 67.5% and increase caffeic acid and quercetin by 51.24% and 60.89%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

MHPD was found to be the best drying method and provided the highest antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds content, high SMER and short drying time. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Impacts of fat from ruminants' meat on cardiovascular health and possible strategies to alter its lipid composition
Authors: Vargas‐Bello‐Pérez Einar , Larraín Rafael E
Published: December 2016

In the last few decades there has been increased consumer interest in the fatty acid (FA) composition of ruminant meat due to its content of saturated FAs, which have been implicated in diseases associated with modern life. However, recent studies have questioned the recommendations to reduce intake of fat, saturated FAs and cholesterol as a means of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Interestingly, ruminant meat has some bioactive lipids such as C18:1t11 and C18:2 c9, t11 which have been reported to have positive effects on human health. In order to improve muscle fat composition from a human health standpoint, oilseeds, plant oils and marine oils can be used in ruminant diets. On the other hand, molecular mechanisms play an important role in the alteration of the FA composition of muscle fat. Genetics offer a wide range of possibilities for improvement of muscle fat composition by identifying different loci underlying the expression of quantitative traits. While significant progress has been made in characterizing the influence of diet on the FA composition of ruminant meat, the use of genetic tools can favor genotypes that could maximize their genetic potential through the diet. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamics of microbial community during the extremely long‐term fermentation process of a traditional soy sauce
Authors: Yang Yang , Deng Yue , Jin Yulan , Liu Yanxi , Xia Baixue , Sun Qun
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND

Soy sauce produced by long‐term natural fermentation is a traditional specialty in Asia, with a reputation for superior quality and rich flavour. In this study, both culture‐dependent and culture‐independent approaches were used to investigate the microbial diversity and community dynamics during an extremely long‐term (up to 4 years) natural fermentation of Xianshi Soy Sauce, a national intangible cultural heritage.

RESULTS

Genera of Bacillus, Aspergillus and Cladosporium were detected by both methods above. The relative abundance of the genera Bacillus and Weissella was significantly higher in the late stage than in the early one, while the genera Klebsiella and Shimwellia were opposite (P < 0.05). For microbial community structure, subsequent analyses showed that obvious changes occurred with fermentation time, while there was a fair homogeneousness among samples of the same year, especially during the late fermentation stage.

CONCLUSIONS

The clustering analysis tended to separate the fermented mashes of the 4th year from the earlier stages, suggesting the necessity of the long fermentation period for developing distinctive microbiota and characteristic quality‐related compounds. This is the first report to explore the temporal changes in microbial dynamics over a period of 4 years in traditional fermentation of soy sauce, and this work illustrated the importance of isolation of appropriate strains to be used as starter cultures in brewing processes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Interpreting weak Kőnig's lemma in theories of nonstandard arithmetic
Authors: Dinis Bruno , Ferreira Fernando
Published: December 2016

We show how to interpret weak Kőnig's lemma in some recently defined theories of nonstandard arithmetic in all finite types. Two types of interpretations are described, with very different verifications. The celebrated conservation result of Friedman's about weak Kőnig's lemma can be proved using these interpretations. We also address some issues concerning the collecting of witnesses in herbrandized functional interpretations.
Proprioception of the Ankle is Impaired in People with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Teasdale Hayley , Preston Elisabeth , Waddington Gordon
Published: December 2016

Background

Proprioception has not been examined in the lower limb in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Impaired proprioception may contribute to activity limitations, including falls in individuals with PD.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to determine whether: (1) people with PD have impaired proprioception in the ankles during active movements; (2) there are correlations between ankle proprioception and history of falls, fear of falling, and parkinsonian symptoms.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional observational study of ankle proprioception in people with mild to moderate PD and healthy age‐matched controls. Included in the study were thirteen participants with mild to moderate PD, aged 71 SD (31) years, and 14 age‐matched controls, aged 66 SD (21) years. Proprioception of the ankle was measured using the Active Movement Extent Discrimination Apparatus. Symptom severity was measured using the PDQ‐39. Fear of falling was measured using the Falls Efficacy Scale, and participants were questioned about their history of falls during the previous 12 months. All measures were completed on one occasion.

Results

People with PD had significantly worse proprioception in plantarflexion (mean difference 0.045, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.09), inversion (mean difference 0.059, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.10), and overall proprioception (mean difference 0.048, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.10) than control participants. In people with PD, there was a significant moderate negative correlation between impaired proprioception and Parkinson's symptoms (r = −0.441, P = 0.021).

Conclusions

Impaired proprioception of the ankle is evident in people with PD. Further research is warranted to determine whether proprioception can be improved in people with PD.
Optimal control problem in a domain with branched structure and homogenization
Authors: Aiyappan S. , Nandakumaran A. K.
Published: December 2016

We consider a linear parabolic problem in a thick junction domain which is the union of a fixed domain and a collection of periodic branched trees of height of order 1 and small width connected on a part of the boundary. We consider a three‐branched structure, but the analysis can be extended to n‐branched structures. We use unfolding operator to study the asymptotic behavior of the solution of the problem. In the limit problem, we get a multi‐sheeted function in which each sheet is the limit of restriction of the solution to various branches of the domain. Homogenization of an optimal control problem posed on the above setting is also investigated. One of the novelty of the paper is the characterization of the optimal control via the appropriately defined unfolding operators. Finally, we obtain the limit of the optimal control problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between obesity and anti‐Müllerian hormone in reproductive‐aged African American women
Authors: Bernardi Lia A. , Carnethon Mercedes R. , de Chavez Peter J. , Ikhena Deborah E. , Neff Lisa M. , Baird Donna D. , Marsh Erica E.
Published: December 2016

Objective

To determine whether there is an association between obesity and anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) among reproductive‐aged African American women (AAW).

Methods

From the women participating in an ongoing National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences study, 1,654 AAW aged 23 to 35 were included in this study. Anthropometric measurements, personal health information, and serum AMH and adipokine levels were analyzed.

Results

The median body mass index (BMI) was 32.4 kg/m2, and the median AMH was 3.18 ng/mL. Participants with obesity had AMH concentrations that were 23.7% lower than those with a BMI ≤25 kg/m2 (2.9 ng/mL vs. 3.8 ng/mL). In multivariable linear regression models, current BMI (β = −0.015; 95% CI −0.021 to −0.009), BMI at age 18 (β = −0.016; 95% CI −0.024 to −0.008), heaviest reported lifetime weight (β = −0.002; 95% CI −0.003 to −0.001), and leptin (β = −0.016; 95% CI −0.025 to −0.007) were inversely associated with AMH. There was no significant association between adiponectin and AMH. AMH was significantly lower (mean log = 0.91, SE = 0.11) in participants with obesity at age 18 and at enrollment when compared with those who were underweight or normal weight at age 18 but had obesity at enrollment (mean log = 1.16, SE = 0.12).

Conclusions

In reproductive‐aged AAW there is a significant association between obesity and AMH, suggesting that excess adiposity may compromise ovarian reserve. Effects of obesity on AMH may be cumulative.
Improving access and systems of care for evidence‐based childhood obesity treatment: Conference key findings and next steps
Authors: Wilfley Denise E. , Staiano Amanda E. , Altman Myra , Lindros Jeanne , Lima Angela , Hassink Sandra G. , Dietz William H. , Cook Stephen ,   The Improving Access and Systems of Care for Evidence‐Based Childhood Obesity Treatment Conference Workgroup
Published: December 2016

Objective

To improve systems of care to advance implementation of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations for childhood obesity treatment (i.e., clinicians offer/refer children with obesity to intensive, multicomponent behavioral interventions of >25 h over 6 to 12 months to improve weight status) and to expand payment for these services.

Methods

In July 2015, 43 cross‐sector stakeholders attended a conference supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, American Academy of Pediatrics Institute for Healthy Childhood Weight, and The Obesity Society. Plenary sessions presenting scientific evidence and clinical and payment practices were interspersed with breakout sessions to identify consensus recommendations.

Results

Consensus recommendations for childhood obesity treatment included: family‐based multicomponent behavioral therapy; integrated care model; and multidisciplinary care team. The use of evidence‐based protocols, a well‐trained healthcare team, medical oversight, and treatment at or above the minimum dose (e.g., >25 h) are critical components to ensure effective delivery of high‐quality care and to achieve clinically meaningful weight loss. Approaches to secure reimbursement for evidence‐based obesity treatment within payment models were recommended.

Conclusions

Continued cross‐sector collaboration is crucial to ensure a unified approach to increase payment and access for childhood obesity treatment and to scale up training to ensure quality of care.
Deep levels in low resistive Zn3P2
Authors: Sierański K. , Szatkowski J. , Hajdusianek A.
Published: December 2016

The low resistivity p‐type polycrystalline Zn3P2 grown by means of closed tube vapor transport was investigated. Deep carrier traps have been studied by means of deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and by photocapacitance transient measurements. From DLTS measurements parameters of four main hole traps were determined. The first with activation energy 0.17 eV above the top of the valence band, probably connected with zinc vacancy, the defect with activation energy 0.34 eV which origin is unknown, the defect with activation energy 0.46 eV, probably oxygen related and the defect with activation energy 0.77 eV with unknown origin. For the defects with energies 0.17 and 0.46 eV nonzero values of capture energies were found: 0.03 and 0.16 eV, respectively. From photocapacitance measurements three optical activation energies were determined as steps on the curve: 0.83, 0.99, and 1.25 eV. Defects with optical activation energies of 0.83 eV is probably the same defect as defect with activation energy 0.46 eV and energy barrier for capture 0.16 eV obtained from DLTS measurements, and may be responsible for persistent photoconductivity (PPC) efect in high resistive samples of Zn3P2.
The improvement of stable resistive switching in Al/ZnO/Al heterostructures by integration of amorphous carbon layers
Authors: Hsu Hua Shu , Chen Ssu Wei , Chang Yu Ying , Chang Chih Hao , Lee Jiann Shing
Published: December 2016

This study investigates the effects of inserting amorphous carbon (a‐C) layers between the Al electrode layer and the ZnO insulator layer in Al/ZnO/Al heterostructures on resistive switching (RS) therein. The inserted a‐C layers can play an important role to stabilize RS behavior for random access memory performance. The complex impedance spectra of Al/ZnO/Al devices with and without a‐C inserted layers examined to probe the characteristics of their conducting mechanism. The formation of meta‐stable a‐COx after forming process caused repeatable redox reaction at interfaces, critically affecting RS behaviors.
On‐demand entanglement generation using dynamic single‐electron sources
Authors: Hofer Patrick P. , Dasenbrook David , Flindt Christian
Published: December 2016

We review our recent proposals for the on‐demand generation of entangled few‐electron states using dynamic single‐electron sources. The generation of entanglement can be traced back to the single‐electron entanglement produced by quantum point contacts (QPCs) acting as electronic beam splitters. The coherent partitioning of a single electron leads to entanglement between the two outgoing arms of the QPC. We describe our various approaches for generating and certifying entanglement in dynamic electronic conductors and we quantify the influence of detrimental effects such as finite electronic temperatures and other dephasing mechanisms. The prospects for future experiments are discussed and possible avenues for further developments are identified.

(a) The coherent partitioning of a single electron on a QPC leads to entanglement between the outgoing arms. The entanglement can be detected using two copies of the state. (b) A time‐bin entangled state is generated by partitioning two electrons on a QPC followed by projection onto the subspace with one electron in each arm. The two‐electron entanglement is due to the entanglement of the individual single‐electron states. In both panels, circles represent single‐electron sources and squares represent detectors.
Spatial and Temporal Distinction of Microelemental Signatures of Missouri River Tributaries
Authors: Wuellner M. R. , Grote J. D. , Fincel M. J.
Published: December 2016

The microchemical composition of a fish's calcified structure, such as an otolith, fin ray, or scale, is a ‘biological tag’ that reflects the use of different habitats throughout its life history. Hard‐part microchemistry has the potential to address many fish conservation, management, and behavior questions. In order to use hard‐part microchemistry to address fisheries research questions, elemental signatures of water must be distinct at the spatial scale of interest and ideally temporally stable. The goal of this study was to assess whether spatial differences existed in the concentrations of five elements [barium (137Ba), magnesium (24Mg), manganese (55Mn), sodium (23Na), and strontium (88Sr)] between and within eight Missouri River tributaries and whether those signatures were temporally stable. All elemental concentrations were converted to molar ratios (mmol mol−1) using calcium (43Ca) concentrations as the base. Canonical correspondence analysis showed distinct differences in Mg:Ca, Na:Ca, and Sr:Ca concentrations between the eight tributaries. Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel tests showed that sites within a tributary were distinguished using Mg:Ca and Na:Ca concentrations. However, only Mg:Ca concentrations were temporally stable. Results from this study demonstrate the potential for using hard‐part microchemistry to address various questions at multiple spatial scales in the Missouri River riverscape but also highlight the importance of evaluating water microelemental signatures prior or simultaneous to any hard‐part microchemistry study. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supplementation of a clinical trial by historical control data: is the prospect of dynamic borrowing an illusion?
Authors: Galwey N. W.
Published: December 2016

There are strong arguments, ethical, logistical and financial, for supplementing the evidence from a new clinical trial using data from previous trials with similar control treatments. There is a consensus that historical information should be down‐weighted or discounted relative to information from the new trial, but the determination of the appropriate degree of discounting is a major difficulty. The degree of discounting can be represented by a bias parameter with specified variance, but a comparison between the historical and new data gives only a poor estimate of this variance. Hence, if no strong assumption is made concerning its value (i.e. if ‘dynamic borrowing’ is practiced), there may be little or no gain from using the historical data, in either frequentist terms (type I error rate and power) or Bayesian terms (posterior distribution of the treatment effect). It is therefore best to compare the consequences of a range of assumptions. This paper presents a clear, simple graphical tool for doing so on the basis of the mean square error, and illustrates its use with historical data from clinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This approach makes it clear that different assumptions can lead to very different conclusions. External information can sometimes provide strong additional guidance, but different stakeholders may still make very different judgements concerning the appropriate degree of discounting. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precisely Aligned Monolayer MoS2 Epitaxially Grown on h‐BN basal Plane
Authors: Yu Hua , Yang Zhengzhong , Du Luojun , Zhang Jing , Shi Jinan , Chen Wei , Chen Peng , Liao Mengzhou , Zhao Jing , Meng Jianling , Wang Guole , Zhu Jianqi , Yang Rong , Shi Dongxia , Gu Lin , Zhang Guangyu
Published: December 2016

Control of the precise lattice alignment of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is important for both fundamental and applied studies of this heterostructure but remains elusive. The growth of precisely aligned MoS2 domains on the basal plane of h‐BN by a low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition technique is reported. Only relative rotation angles of 0° or 60° between MoS2 and h‐BN basal plane are present. Domains with same orientation stitch and form single‐crystal, domains with different orientations stitch and from mirror grain boundaries. In this way, the grain boundary is minimized and a continuous film stitched by these two types of domains with only mirror grain boundaries is obtained. This growth strategy is also applicable to other 2D materials growth.
Screening for pre‐eclampsia in the first trimester: role of maternal hemodynamics and bioimpedance in non‐obese patients
Authors: Gagliardi G. , Tiralongo G. M. , LoPresti D. , Pisani I. , Farsetti D. , Vasapollo B. , Novelli G. P. , Andreoli A. , Valensise H.
Published: December 2016

Objective

To test if maternal hemodynamics and bioimpedance, assessed at the time of combined screening for PE, are able to identify in the first trimester of gestation normotensive non‐obese patients at risk for pre‐eclampsia (PE) and/or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Methods

One hundred and fifty healthy nulliparous non‐obese women (body mass index < 30 kg/m2) in the first trimester of pregnancy underwent assessment by UltraSonic Cardiac Output Monitor (USCOM) to detect hemodynamic parameters, bioimpedance analysis to characterize body composition, and combined screening for PE (assessment of maternal history, biophysical and maternal biochemical markers). Patients were followed until term, noting the appearance of PE and/or IUGR.

Results

One hundred and thirty‐eight patients had an uneventful pregnancy (controls), while 12 (8%) developed complications (cases). USCOM showed, in cases compared with controls, lower cardiac output (5.6 ± 0.3 vs 6.7 ± 1.1 L/min, P < 0.001), lower inotropy index (1.54 ± 0.38 vs 1.91 ± 0.32 W/m2, P < 0.001) and higher total vascular resistance (1279.8 ± 166.4 vs 1061.4 ± 179.5 dynes × s/cm5, P < 0.001). Bioimpedance analysis showed, in cases compared with controls, lower total body water (53.7 ± 3.3% vs 57.2 ± 5.6%, P = 0.037). Combined screening was positive for PE in 8% of the controls and in 50% of the cases (P < 0.001). After identification of cut‐off values for USCOM and bioimpedance parameters, forward multivariate logistic regression analysis identified as independent predictors of complications in pregnancy the inotropy index (derived by USCOM), fat mass (derived from bioimpedance analysis) and combined screening.

Conclusions

Combined screening for PE and assessment of bioimpedance and maternal hemodynamics can be used to identify early markers of impaired cardiovascular adaptation and body composition that may lead to complications in the third trimester of pregnancy. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The Effects of College on Weight: Examining the “Freshman 15” Myth and Other Effects of College Over the Life Cycle
Authors: Baum Charles L.
Published: December 2016

This study examines the effects of college on weight over much of the life cycle. I compare weights for college students with their weights before and after college and with the weights of noncollege peers using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). I also examine the longer-term effects of college measured almost three decades later. I find that college freshmen gain substantially less than the 15 pounds rumored to be typical for freshmen. Using difference models, individual-specific fixed-effects models, and instrumental variables models to control for various sources of potential bias, I find that freshman year college attendance is estimated to cause only about a one-pound increase. Supplemental results show that those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds gain more weight during the freshman college year. Longer term, having a college education consistently decreases weight. These negative effects have faded over the last 20 years, and they diminish as respondents approach middle age. These trends are more prevalent for whites and Hispanics than for blacks.
Diagnosis of Tetra-amelia in the First Trimester
Authors: Kaur Ladbans , Singh Divya , Kaur Meetan Preet
Published: December 2016

Tetra-amelia is characterized by the absence of all four limbs. It is a rare congenital anomaly, with an incidence of 1.5–4 per 100,000 births. It occurs as a result of developmental interruption between 24th and 36th days after fertilization. Its etiology is not well known. It may be observed isolated or associated with other anomalies. We report a case showing absence of all the four limbs with associated absence of the mandible in a 25-year-old primigravida diagnosed in the first trimester at 13 weeks of gestation. Since tetra-amelia due to genetic inheritance was suspected, the family was offered the option of karyotype analysis and genetic consultation. However, the couple based on the poor prognosis opted for the termination of pregnancy. The autopsy findings confirmed the diagnosis based on the morphological examination of the abortus. No genetic analysis was undertaken.
Regularity estimates for quasilinear elliptic equations with variable growth involving measure data
Authors: Ok Jihoon , Park Jung-Tae , Byun Sun-Sig
Published: December 2016

We investigate a quasilinear elliptic equation with variable growth in a bounded nonsmooth domain involving a signed Radon measure. We obtain an optimal global Calderón–Zygmund type estimate for such a measure data problem, by proving that the gradient of a very weak solution to the problem is as globally integrable as the first order maximal function of the associated measure, up to a correct power, under minimal regularity requirements on the nonlinearity, the variable exponent and the boundary of the domain.
Corporate Philanthropy and Risk Management: An Investigation of Reinsurance and Charitable Giving in Insurance Firms
Authors: Adams Mike , Hoejmose Stefan , Kastrinaki Zafeira
Published: December 2016

Drawing a framework from strategic stakeholder theory and using 1999 to 2010 panel data from the United Kingdom’s (UK) non-life insurance industry, we examine the effect of reinsurance on the decisions to donate to charities, and the amount given. We find that reinsurance substitutes for charitable giving as it optimizes the interests of multiple stakeholders. We further note that corporate giving is directly related to the size and age of insurers, proportion of female directorships and insider ownership, but generally inhibited by chief executive officer (CEO) bonus plans, dominant shareholders, and financial experts on the board. Interestingly, when reinsurance interacts with board-level variables we find that the donations decision is positively related to CEO bonus plans, and negatively linked with inside ownership and the proportion of female board members. Our research results could have important implications for stakeholders.