bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Soils from Gold Panning in Komabangou, Niger
Authors: Alassane Boukari Soumaila , Elhadji Daou Ibrahim , Garba Neino Abdoulaye , Soro Yaya , Tankari Dan Badjo Abdourahamane , Yao Kouassi Benjamin , Yao Kouakou Aphonse
Published: April 2024

L'objectif de ce travail est la caractérisation morphologique et physico-chimique d'échantillons de sols issus d'activités d'orpaillage dans la région de Komabangou (Niger). Les analyses ont été réalisées à l'aide d'un microscope électronique à balayage couplé à la spectroscopie dispersive en énergie (SEM-EDS), d'un pH-mètre, d'un COT-mètre et par infrarouge. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que les sols des sites étudiés sont généralement acides. En effet, l'analyse infrarouge donne les constituants majoritaires : silice, calcite, aluminium, fer et magnésium. L'analyse MEB a montré la présence de feuilles d'argile dispersées sous forme de filaments ou d'amas d'agrégats qui peuvent être dus à la présence de carbonates ainsi qu'à la présence d'éléments traces métalliques. L'analyse par spectroscopie d'énergie dispersive (DES) du sol pollué du site (S1) a révélé la présence de 60,25 % d'oxygène (O) ; 18,70 % de carbone (C); 8,34 % de silice (SiO2 ); 4,72 % d'aluminium (Al); 0,86 % de fer (Fe); 0,79 % magnésium (Mg); 0,12 % de titane (Ti); 0,11 % de zinc (Zn); 0,06 % de cadmium (Cd) et 0,0 % de plomb (Pb). En revanche, pour le site périphérique (S3), on note 77,09 % d'oxygène (O) ; 14,49 % de silice (SiO 2 ); 8,89 % d'aluminium (Al); 1,11 % de fer (Fe); 0,34 % de potassium (K) et quelques traces de manganèse (0,03 %) ; cobalt (0,01 %) ; cuivre (0,01 %) ; nickel (0,01 %) ; chrome; cadmium; mener. Enfin, le site témoin (ET), qui est vierge, contient 67,56 % d'oxygène ; 17,86 % carbone; 9,18 % silice; 4,28 % aluminium ; 0,91 % de fer et 0,13 % de potassium.
Effect of Quarry Dust on the Fresh Concrete Properties of Self Compacting Concrete
Authors: Anitha A. , Karthik C. , Sarathkumar S.C.
Published: April 2024

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a concrete which flows under its own weight in the congested areas without any external force. Increase in demand and decrease in availability of fine aggregates, we use an alternative material called quarry dust, it is a finer material generated from stone quarries. This paper deals with the feasibility study on the utilization of quarry dust as a partial replacement in fine aggregate. In this experimental investigation, the properties of materials are tested as per Indian standards. The filling ability, passing ability and flowability characteristics of SCC as a partial replacement of fine aggregate with quarry dust was investigated as per EFNARC guidelines. In this experimental investigation, different mixes were prepared as a partial replacement of fine aggregate with quarry dust at various percentages such as 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% to obtain the optimum replacement level. The Slump flow, U-box, L-Box, V-Funnel and J-ring tests were carried out to determine the workability of SCC. The finding shows that the workability decreases with the addition of quarry dust. It is concluded that addition of quarry dust reduces the fresh properties of the SCC.
Development of Brake Pad Using Palm Kernel Shell Reinforcement Polymer Composite
Authors: Pradeep V.P. , Karthikeyan R. , Rajkumar S. , Gobinath K.
Published: April 2024

Asbestos-based brake shoes are being faded out due to worries that they may cause cancer; as a result, research for suitable replacements is an essential area of focus. Research on agricultural by - products such as flax fibres, rockwool, aramid fibres, banana fibres, and nut shells from palm trees have been used to develop a number of potential replacements for asbestos. Palm wastes, which are picked for the study since there was a paucity of previous research on the topic, are obtained from agricultural waste fibres. As part of this investigation, a composite material was created, and a number of tests were carried out in order to investigate the wear and durability of a set of unique composites. The novel composites contained 20% epoxy resins, 10 % carbon, 15% CaCO3, 30–45% PKS, and 10–25%Al2O3 respectively. The results obtained showed that the finer the sieve size the better the properties.
The effect of the SUMPING E-module as a labor companion on the duration of labor in independent midwife practice
Authors: Dewi Utami , Rahmadona Rahmadona , Rullyni Nurniati Tianastia , Hevrialni Rully
Published: April 2024

Reducing the incidence of childbirth complications requires family participation, especially from husbands, consistent with government policies and strategies aimed at reducing childbirth complications in Indonesia through the Making Pregnancy Safer (MPS) program. The approach to increasing husbands' involvement in reproductive health includes providing them with information and involving them in all efforts to improve reproductive health. One activity husbands can undertake to improve maternal and child health is accompanying their wives during labor and supporting referrals when necessary. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of labor assistance using the SUMPING (Supporting Husband as a Companion) E-Module compared to labor assistance without using the SUMPING E-Module on the duration of labor. The research design was a quasi-experiment with a control group that only underwent the post-test. The instruments used included a checklist and a partograph sheet. Data collection occurred during the post-test. The study involved 120 respondents, all of whom were birth attendants (husbands) at PMB Tanjungpinang. Analysis was conducted using the Independent Samples t-test. Statistical tests using the independent samples t-test revealed a significant difference (p=0.000) in the length of labor between those with full and those with non-full assistance in the treatment group. In the control group, there was no significant difference (p=0.039) between husbands who provided full assistance and those who did not. Husband support can shorten the duration of labor. Husbands who had access to the SUMPING E-Module reported greater involvement in assistance during labor than those without the SUMPING E-Module.
HOMER1 Polymorphism and Parkinson’s Disease–Psychosis: Is there an Association?
Authors: Lenka Abhishek , Sundaravadivel Pandarisamy , Christopher Rita , Arumugham Shyam S. , Hegde Shantala , Yadav Ravi , Pal Pramod Kumar
Published: April 2024

Objective:

Homer1, a postsynaptic protein coded by the HOMER1 gene, presumably has a role in homeostatic plasticity that dampens neuronal responsiveness when the input activity is too high. HOMER1 polymorphism has been studied in major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. The objective of this study is to investigate if polymorphisms of the HOMER1 gene are associated with psychosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD-P).

Methods:

One hundred patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and 100 healthy controls were enrolled consecutively in a PD-P biomarker study at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India. Of the 100 PD patients, 50 had psychosis (PD-P) and 50 did not have psychosis (PD-NP). Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of HOMER1 (rs4704559 and rs4704560) were analyzed from the DNA isolated from peripheral blood. The allele and genotype frequencies in the PD-P and PD-NP groups were compared.

Results:

Analysis of HOMER1 rs4704560 revealed a significant difference in both genotype and allele levels between PD-P and PD-NP groups. There was an overrepresentation of T-allele (42% vs. 16%; P < 0.001) and TT genotype (24% vs. 6%; P < 0.001) in the PD-P group compared to PD-NP group. There was no significant difference between PD-P and PD-NP groups when various genotypes and allele frequencies related to HOMER1 rs4704559 were compared.

Conclusion:

PD-P is probably associated with overrepresentation of T-allele of HOMER1 rs4704560, and larger studies are warranted to confirm our results.
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kote Shraddha , Chopkar Samruddhi , Supekar Bhagyashree , Mukhi Jayesh
Published: April 2024

Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphoma characterized by persistent expression of CD 30 antigen that represents 2–3% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). ALCL may present as a primary cutaneous disease or systemic disease with secondary cutaneous involvement. World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ALCL into ALK-positive and ALK-negative ALCL. ALK-negative ALCL shows poor response on treatment and has a bad prognosis. We report locally aggressive and metastasizing primary cutaneous anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in a 58-year-old female, due to its paucity of literature.
Combination of Remimazolam and Remifentanil for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in a Patient with Morbid Obesity Undergoing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy under Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: A Case Report
Authors: Lin Chih-Wei , Cheng Kuang-I , Wu Zhi-Fu
Published: April 2024

Sedation in patients with morbid obesity undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) frequently causes respiratory depression. Remimazolam, a gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist, is safer than propofol as it has fewer cardiovascular and respiratory adverse effects. We report a case of successful GIE under sedation and analgesia with a combination of remimazolam and remifentanil, respectively, in a patient with morbid obesity experiencing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Remimazolam ensured safe sedation, preventing complications such as respiratory depression and hypotension. Dose adjustment of remifentanil can minimize its adverse effects. Therefore, the combination of remimazolam and remifentanil is a promising choice for performing GIE in patients with morbid obesity and OSA.
A Paradigm Shift in Prosthodontics: Analog to Digital
Authors: Rani Sapna , Dhawan Pankaj , Gupta Jigyasa , Singhla Juhi
Published: April 2024

Evolution happens in our everyday lifestyles in each field and prosthodontics is no exception to it. A new technology of sufferers is predicted to have new aspirations and desires. To fulfill these desires, it is our obligation to be updated with each expertise and capabilities about new developments in prosthodontics, so that these aspirations can be met. Although conventional techniques have worked satisfactorily for decades, with the growth of digital dentistry, conventional methods have become redundant. Digital methods are more accurate, efficient, less time-consuming, simpler, faster, and believed to have a better potential than conventional methods. This paper gives perception of trends and standards applied in modern prosthodontics and how they have an edge with the existing traditional or conventional methods used in the field.
Nanotechnology and malaria: Evaluation of efficacy and toxicity of green nanoparticles and future perspectives
Authors: Barati Ana , Huseynzade Ayan , Imamova Nergiz , Shikhaliyeva Inji , Keles Sedanur , Alakbarli Jahid , Akgul Buşra , Bagirova Melahat , Allahverdiyev Adil M
Published: April 2024

Malaria is a global health problem that causes 1.5–2.7 million deaths worldwide each year. Resistance to antimalarial drugs in malaria parasites and to insecticides in vectors is one of the most serious issues in the fight against this disease. Moreover, the lack of an effective vaccine against malaria is still a major problem. Recent developments in nanotechnology have resulted in new prospects for the fight against malaria, especially by obtaining metal nanoparticles (NPs) that are less toxic, highly biocompatible, environmentally friendly, and less expensive. Numerous studies have been conducted on the synthesis of green NPs using plants and microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae, actinomycetes, and viruses). To our knowledge, there is no literature review that compares toxicities and antimalarial effects of some of the existing metallic nanoparticles, revealing their advantages and disadvantages. Hence, the purpose of this work is to assess metal NPs obtained through various green synthesis processes, to display the worth of future malaria research and determine future strategies. Results revealed that there are very few studies on green NPs covering all stages of malaria parasites. Additionally, green metal nanoparticles have yet to be studied for their possible toxic effects on infected as well as healthy erythrocytes. Morever, the toxicities of green metal NPs obtained from various sources differed according to concentration, size, shape, synthesis method, and surface charge, indicating the necessity of optimizing the methods to be used in future studies. It was concluded that studies on the toxic properties of green nanoparticles would be very important for the future.
Antimalarial potential of Kerala Ayurvedic Water “Pathimugam”
Authors: Kaushik Naveen Kumar , Sahal Dinkar
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:

The persistent threat of drug resistant malaria demands new cures. Low prevalence of malaria in the Indian state of Kerala compared with other proximal states led us to explore if there is any traditional practice in Kerala which may confer protection against malaria. In this context, our attention was drawn to “Pathimugam” i.e., Ceasalpinia sappan whose heartwood is used to prepare a red aqueous extract which is a uniquely popular drink all over Kerala.

Methods:

Aqueous and methanolic extracts of various organs of C. sappan were prepared and tested against Plasmodium falciparum grown in vitro culture using SYBR Green-I assay. The cytotoxicity of active extracts/fractions was studied using mammalian HeLa cell line. In vivo efficacy was determined using Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected mice.

Results:

The highest antiplasmodial activities in the alcoholic and aqueous extracts were observed in leaf methanolic extract (IC 2 μg/ml) and heartwood aqueous extract (IC 12.5 μg/ml). C. sappan extracts were equipotent against both chloroquine sensitive Pf3D7 and resistant Pf INDO strains and showed suppression of % parasitemia in P. berghei infected mice. Activity guided chromatographic fractionation of aqueous wood extract led to the fortification of antiplasmodial activity (IC 5 μg/ml).

Interpretation & conclusion:

Our results establish the antiplasmodial potential of C. sappan and suggest that its regular use might have prophylactic or curative actions that may assist in keeping check on malaria in the Indian state of Kerala.
Bioacoustics in population control of insects of medical importance: A review
Authors: Mandal Udita , Dutta Joydeep
Published: April 2024

Vector transmitted diseases are accountable for more than 17% of all infectious disease cases worldwide according to World Health Organization. Insect vectors play a key role in transmitting diseases and loss of lives. Modified and advanced vector control strategies with chemical insecticides are needed as vectors are resistant to a particular insecticide. Moreover, chemical control is cost-inductive and may give rise to health issues. In this review, bioacoustics have been narrated as a novel technology for eco-friendly and cost-effective control of insect vectors. Many insects that rely on sounds for communication and copulation can be trapped, killed, and repelled through the mimicked sounds of conspecific males or females, generating disturbing noises. Sound can also be harnessed to prevent the mating success of insects. There is need for future studies on rejection calls and harmonic convergences in insect vectors. In-depth investigations on the higher harmonics of insect calls, along with artificial intelligence, will be beneficial for the development of successful sound- evoked control of insects of medical importance.
A comparative study on the vector competence of Anopheles stephensi from geographically distinct malarious and non-malarious urban areas in India to the malarial parasite, Plasmodium vivax
Authors: Ravindran John , Eapen Alex
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:

Anopheles stephensi is responsible for the transmission of malaria in urban areas. Vector competence of An. stephensi from a non-malarious (Coimbatore) and highly malarious (Chennai) urban area were investigated to find out the reason for the non-transmission of malaria in Coimbatore.

Methods:

Vector competence (Susceptibility/refractoriness) of An. stephensi mosquitoes from Chennai (Malarious) and Coimbatore (Non-malarious), Tamil Nadu, India to Plasmodium vivax (Chennai) were investigated. Bioassays were carried out concurrently in both these strains by artificial membrane feeding technique using the same malaria infected blood. An. stephensi were dissected to observe infection in the midgut and salivary glands. The parasite infection, oocyst and sporozoite positivity rate, the oocyst load, correlation between male-female gametocyte ratio and infection, and Survival Analysis of parasitic stages during sporogony were analyzed and compared.

Results:

The overall infection rate was 45.8 and 41.2 per cent in Chennai and Coimbatore. Oocyst count ranged from 1-80 and 1-208 respectively and not statistically significant. Oocyst positivity was high from Day 8-21in both strains. The Mean Survival Day (MSD) for oocyst was Day 14 in both strains. Sporozoite was observed in four experiments in each of the strains and the MSD for sporozoites was Day 20 and Day 17 in Chennai and Coimbatore.

Interpretation & conclusion:

An. stephensi of Chennai and Coimbatore are equally susceptible to P. vivax infection and the non-transmission of malaria in Coimbatore can be attributed to external factors such as the presence of preferential breeding habitat, vector density, vector survival, and weather. The only difference observed was the comparatively shortened oocyst maturation time in the Coimbatore strain which requires further investigation.
Prescribing patterns of low-vision devices in retinochoroidal coloboma
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sarika , Pandidurai Indhu , Kabilan Supraja , Raman Rajiv
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE:

The objective of the study was to describe the visual characteristics of patients with retinochoroidal coloboma attending the low-vision care clinic of a tertiary eye care hospital.

METHODS:

The clinical records of all patients attending low-vision care clinic between January 2016 and December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The data analyzed were demographics, occupation, type of coloboma, visual demand, visual acuity, and prescription of low-vision devices (LVDs). The colobomatous eyes were categorized as simple coloboma and coloboma with microphthalmos.

RESULTS:

Of the 100 patients, 164 eyes were diagnosed with retinochoroidal coloboma. Among patients, 70% were males and 30% were females. The mean age range was 23.58 ± 13.15 years and 21.77 ± 11.97 years in patients with simple coloboma and coloboma with microphthalmos, respectively. Type 1 coloboma and myopic refractive error were found to occur more frequently. Dome magnifiers (39.58%), handheld (16.66%), and aspheric spectacle magnifiers (14.5%) were the frequently prescribed LVDs.

CONCLUSION:

There is no or limited treatment for most of the visually impaired patients; thus, there is an important role of low-vision professionals in helping people with low vision to perform their routine activities.
Monkeypox-related ophthalmic disease
Authors: Yi-Ting Liang , Chien-Hsien Huang , Hwa-Hsin Fang , Cheng-Kuo Cheng , Pai-Huei Peng
Published: April 2024

Monkeypox (Mpox) is an acute febrile rash illness caused by the Mpox virus. The ongoing international outbreak since mid-2022 has spread worldwide, including Taiwan. Ocular involvement in Mpox infection is uncommon, including external and ocular surface lesions. Here, we describe a man who developed unilateral blepharoconjunctivitis and preseptal cellulitis, followed by the appearance of skin symptoms 6 days after the ocular manifestations. Samples taken from his oropharynx and skin lesions tested positive for the Mpox virus through a polymerase chain reaction test. He was hospitalized for isolation with topical lubricant, antibiotic, and acyclovir eye ointment until the skin lesions healed. However, on the day of discharge, punctate epithelial keratitis was observed in the same eye. The corneal lesion also tested positive for the Mpox virus. His keratitis progressed to dendritic ulceration, and treatment with tecovirimat was initiated. Initially, his corneal ulcer responded well to tecovirimat, but 12 days later, it deteriorated along with cells in the anterior chamber. To treat his condition, low-dose steroid and ganciclovir eye drops were administered. Eventually, the patient experienced resolution of the corneal lesion, leaving a scar.
Awareness and compliance of urologists in the Middle East with minimally invasive surgical devices for the management of benign prostate hyperplasia
Authors: Azhar Raed A. , Elkoushy Mohamed , Subahi Mohnna , Faisal Mahmoud , Bakhsh Abdulaziz , Sejiny Majed , Bagasi Salim , Tayeb Waseem
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

The objective is to assess urologists’ awareness of and compliance with available minimally invasive devices (MIDs) for the management of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods:

An online Internet-based survey was sent to urologists through E-mail. Baseline characteristics included age, location and duration of practice, and number of prostatectomies performed in the previous 12 months. Awareness is based on the surgeons’ opinions about their advantages and drawbacks.

Results:

A total of 308 participants responded to the survey; 87.0% were most aware of Rezūm, followed by Urolift (59.1%), Aquablation (33.1%), and combined temporary implantable nitinol device (iTIND), and Zenflow (17%). In the past 12 months, 84.1% used MIDs in their practice. A total of 47.1% of respondents believe that these devices have comparable outcomes with the traditional interventions, 52.9% are unsure of their long-term benefits, and 71% feel that it is too early to judge. Forty-three percent believe that these devices are reserved only for high-risk patients, and 52% recommend that they should be available in their centers. Most respondents (90.9%) prefer Rezūm, Urolift (28.2%), and Aquablation (12.6%) because they are less invasive, less time-consuming, and have few complications. Interestingly, 59% recommend MIDs to their family members.

Conclusions:

Most respondents are more aware of Rezūm, Urolift, and Aquablation than iTIND and Zenflow. In addition, most respondents agree that these MIDs and traditional prostate interventions have comparable outcomes despite the former lacking long-term outcome assessment. High cost and no long-term data may influence the widespread acceptance of these MIDs.
A comparison between the efficacy and complication of laparoscopic and microsurgical varicocelectomy: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Warli Syah Mirsya , Nabil Rizky An , Kadar Dhirajaya Dharma , Prapiska Fauriski Febrian , Siregar Ginanda Putra
Published: April 2024

Varicocele is the dilatation of the scrotal veins and may affect sperm count and infertility. It is caused by congenital vein insufficiency or absence of venous valve. The main treatment is by surgery, and currently, there are two minimally invasive choices: laparoscopic and microsurgical varicocelectomy. This systematic review aimed to record randomized clinical trials from various sources using all qualified studies up to June 2022. The assessed outcomes were operation time, hydrocele, hospital stay, change in semen parameter, recurrence rate, and pregnancy rate. The essential data extracted were Jadad score, publication year, age, and sample size. This systematic review consisted of 509 and 512 patients in the laparoscopic and microsurgery group, respectively, taken from 12 out of 281 studies. The result of this systematic review was significant difference in operation time between patients from two groups (weighted mean difference [WMD] −21.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −28.90–−13.89); length of hospitalization (WMD: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.02–0.74); laparoscopic could significantly increase the risk of hydrocele by 3.30-fold (risk ratio [RR]: 3.30, 95% CI: 1.07–10.12); laparoscopic could significantly increase the recurrence rate by 6.98-fold (RR: 6.98, 95% CI: 3.46–14.08); no significant difference in spontaneous pregnancy between patients in both groups (RR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.57–1.16); and laparoscopic surgery decreased the occurrence of sperm parameter changes by 40% (RR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.25–0.62).
Partial Differential Equations
Authors: De Philippis Guido , M. Fraser Ailana , Schulze Felix
Published: April 2024

This workshop focused on nonlinear elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations, touching topics such as geometric flows, geometric variational problems and minimal surfaces, free boundaries, and geometric measure theory.
Homotopy Theory
Authors: Grodal Jesper , Hill Michael , Richter Birgit
Published: April 2024

The workshop brought together experts in homotopy theory from many areas, including chromatic homotopy theory, algebraic K-theory, derived algebra and equivariant homotopy theory. We had a lecture series on the recent disproof of the telescope conjecture. In addition to a total of 24 research talks we had two gong-shows where participants presented their research in 10-minute talks.
Mixed-integer Nonlinear Optimization: A Hatchery for Modern Mathematics
Authors: Liberti Leo , Sager Sebastian , Wiegele Angelika
Published: April 2024

Mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) is concerned with finding optimal solutions to mathematical formulations of optimization problems combining discrete and nonlinear phenomena. The scientific program was organized around three areas: convex envelopes and relaxation hierarchies, mixed-integer optimal control, and current trends. These topics were addressed with a variety of tutorials, talks, and short research announcements.
Aspects of Aperiodic Order
Authors: Baake Michael , Cortez María Isabel , Damanik David , Strungaru Nicolae
Published: April 2024

The theory of aperiodic order expanded and developed significantly since the discovery of quasicrystals, and continues to bring many mathematical disciplines together. The focus of this workshop was on harmonic analysis and spectral theory, dynamical systems and group actions, Schrödinger operators, and their roles in aperiodic order – with links into a full range of problems from number theory to operator theory.
Classical and Quantum Mechanical Models of Many-Particle Systems
Authors: Fellner Klemens , Gallagher Isabelle , Jabin Pierre Emmanuel
Published: April 2024

The workshop focused on the collective behavior of many-particle systems in various application fields: physics (gas dynamics, plasmas, quantum mechanics), mathematical biology (cell mobility, evolution of trait-structured species), and social sciences (wealth distribution). This includes famous models such as the Boltzmann equation of gas dynamics, Vlasov equation for plasmas, Fokker–Planck equations, Smoluchowski and related equations, Keller–Segel system of chemotaxis.
Tensor-Triangular Geometry and Interactions
Authors: Balmer Paul , Barthel Tobias , Greenlees John , Pevtsova Julia
Published: April 2024

The workshop brought together experts in a rapidly growing field of tensor triangular geometry highlighting applications to and techniques coming from homotopy theory, algebraic geometry, modular representation theory, motivic homotopy theory and noncommutative algebra.
MFO–RIMS Tandem Workshop: Arithmetic Homotopy and Galois Theory
Authors: Collas Benjamin , Dèbes Pierre , Hoshi Yuichiro , Mezard Ariane
Published: April 2024

This report presents a general panorama of recent progress in the arithmetic-geometry theory of Galois and homotopy groups and its ramifications. While still relying on Grothendieck’s original pillars [1], the present program has now evolved beyond the classical group-theoretic legacy
to result in an autonomous project that exploits a new geometrization of the original insight and sketches new frontiers between homotopy geometry, homology geometry, and diophantine geometry
.

This panorama “closes the loop” by including the last twenty-year progress of the Japanese arithmetic-geometry school via Ihara’s program and Nakamura–Tamagawa–Mochizuki’s
anabelian
approach, which brings its expertise in terms of algorithmic, combinatoric, and absolute reconstructions. These methods supplement and interact with those from the classical
arithmetic of covers and Hurwitz spaces
and
the motivic and geometric Galois representations
.This workshop has brought together the next generation of arithmetic homotopic Galois geometers, who, with the support of senior experts, are developing new techniques and principles for the exploration of the next research frontiers.

[1] That are, as presented in “Récoltes et semailles”, the resolution of the discrete and the
continuous, the local-to-global thinking by generization-specialization, and the quintessential
intersection of arithmetic and geometry – see § 2.10 ibid.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA PROPRIEDADE ESTATAL NO DESEMPENHO DAS EMPRESAS NO MERCADO DE CAPITAIS BRASILEIRO
Authors: Santos Leandro da Costa , Machado Márcia Reis
Published: April 2024

Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar a influência da propriedade estatal no desempenho das firmas e foi desenvolvida com base nas teorias de Direitos de Propriedade, Custo de Transação e Agência, que em alinhamento, proporcionaram um panorama mais preciso sobre este tema dinâmico. O exame foi conduzido através de teste de hipótese da relação entre a Propriedade Estatal (PE) e o desempenho das empresas representado pelo Valor Adicionado Líquido. A relação estatística foi realizada através da regressão em painel Pooled MQO, e, como complemento empírico, utilizou-se também a Regressão Quantílica. Os resultados das regressões pooled MQO e Quantílica convergiram e se complementaram, evidenciando que a Propriedade Estatal (PE) detém relação positiva e significante com o desempenho das empresas analisadas, contribuindo assim para a melhoria da geração de valor adicionado nestas entidades, até um certo limite. A principal contribuição do estudo foi a de demonstrar empiricamente a influência da propriedade estatal no desempenho das empresas e trazer para dentro do debate teórico o Estado em sua forma empresarial.
Optimal Control Analysis for a Lymphatic Filariasis Model
Authors: Abdullahi Yahaya A. , Momo Abdulfatai A. , Garba Usman , Oyewusi Ademola M. , Hussaini Abdulmumini
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of lymphatic filariasis is presented. Human and mosquito populations  are divided based on their lymphatic filariasis status. The human population is subdivided into six (6) compartments, while the mosquito  population is subdivided into three (3) compartments. The disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and the endemic equilibrium states are proven  to be the model's two equilibrium states. In terms of the model's demographic and epidemiological characteristics, an explicit formula  for the effective reproduction number was found. The disease-free equilibrium state was discovered to be locally asymptotically stable  using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion if the basic reproduction number is less than one. By using Castillo-Chavez, the disease-free equilibrium  state was found to be globally asymptotically stable. This means that lymphatic filariasis could be put under control in a population when the reproduction number is less than one. Sensitivity analysis was carried out on the basic reproduction number to  ascertain the parameters that have an impact on the reproduction number The results show that some parameters that appeared in the  reproduction number have an impact on the reproduction number. An optimal control problem was formulated and analyzed using  Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle to determine the optimality system. The system was solved numerically using the forward and backward  sweep method and results show that the combination of treated bed nets, antibiotics, and indoor residual spray is the most  effective way to prevent the spread of filariasis in a community.
Chondrosarcoma of the sternum: A rare and challenging entity
Authors: Guiga Ahmed , Yahia Wissal ben , Benabdelkader Atef , Amara Amel , Thabet Maissa , Omrani Maissa , Mefteh Ansar , Radhia Bechir Ben , Atig Amira , Ghannouchi Neirouz
Published: April 2024

Background: Chondrosarcoma is a relatively common primary malignant bone tumor, with the sternum being an unusual location. When this tumor arises in the sternum, clinicians encounter diagnostic and therapeutic complexities. Indeed, the sternal location warrants attention due to its potential for local invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Nonetheless, optimal treatment strategies remain contentious, hampered by the limited number of reported cases and a scarcity of dedicated research on sternal chondrosarcomas.Case presentation: A 82-year-old male, presented with sternal pain. CT scan, revealed loss of sternal continuity and a destructive mixed lesion involving the sternal body with extensive cortical lysis and infiltration of adjacent soft tissues. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of grade II chondrosarcoma without evidence of metastasis. The patient underwent surgical resection due to the absence of metastasis.Discussion: sternal chondrosarcoma is a relatively frequent primary malignant bone tumor.Imaging techniques, including X-ray, CT, MRI, and PET scans, play a crucial role in diagnosis. Management of this tumor involves surgical resection with the goal of complete tumor removal. Prognosis depends on factors such as cancer stage, histological grade, tumor size, presence of metastases, and response to treatment. High grade and larger tumors, the presence of metastases are associated with a poorer prognosis.
Risk factors and outcome of preterm births at a teaching hospital in Jos, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Morayo Ihekaike Marcia , Shehu Maryam , Jimoh Adenike Oluwayemisi , Onyenuche Uchenna , Uhunmwangho-Courage Aderonke , Yakubu Mela Alhassan
Published: April 2024

Background/Aim: Preterm birth is a major pregnancy complication that imposes tremendous long-term medical and financial burdens on affected children, families, and the healthcare system. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence, risk factors, and outcome of preterm babies admitted to Bingham University Teaching Hospital's inborn Special Care Baby Unit.
Methods: It was a retrospective study of the medical records of all preterm babies delivered in the hospital from January 2021 to June 2022.
Results: A total of 1,160 live births occurred in the hospital during the study period out of which 196 (16.9%) were admitted. Of these, 100 (51.0%) were preterm's with gestational ages ranging from 24 to 36 weeks with a mean gestational age of 31.24 weeks (±2.78).Birth weight ranged from 650g to 2450g with a mean of 1530.22g (±414.11). There were 47 males and 53 females (M: F 0.89:1) and 63 (63.0%) were delivered via caesarean section. The duration of hospital stay ranged from 1 to 182 days with a median of 9and IQR of 11 days. Preterm premature membrane rupture and preeclampsia were the two most frequent risk factors for prematurity. Jaundice was the most prevalent morbidity seen, closely followed by anaemia. The overall mortality rate was 20%.
Conclusion: Prematurity continues to be a major contributor to infant morbidity and mortality in our hospital, thus there is a need to improve the quality of health care delivery in order to improve survival rate of these newborns.
Unique triage methods in the paediatric emergency roomof a low resource setting
Authors: Chizoma Owobu Adaugo , Chukwuemeka Ugadu , Henrietta Ugbeni , Precious Akhaine Jesu-Oboh
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Despite its importance in emergency medicine, the practice of triage in low- and middle-income countries remains  rudimentary, due to dearth of human and material resources, among other reasons.
Subjects and methods: In the Children Emergency  Room of a teaching hospital, some nonclinical staff were intermittently deployed to coordinate patient traffic and provide brief first- contact triage on arrival. For this, they were internally trained in triage. The present study was aimed at assessing the value and accuracy  of first-contact triage provided by nonclinical staff in a children emergency department of a tertiary hospital.
Results: Data of 45 patients  seen during the period were obtained from the records of the triage officers and included their age, gender, presenting complaints and  the findings of the paediatric assessment triangle. There was a statistically significant relationship between the triage ratings of the  nonCC –BY 4.0 clinical staff and the qSOFA / L- qSOFA scores obtained by the emergency room doctors, the time spent in CHER and the  total duration of admission (R2= 0.36 - 0.44; p = 0.003), (R2= 0.23 - 0.28; p = 0.018) and (R2= 0.33 - 0.40; p = 0.007) respectively.
Conclusion:  This study shows that to a high degree, the nonclinical staff correctly categorized the severity of illness in the Paediatric Emergency  Department of a tertiary level hospital, thus limiting undue tertiary delay in treatment and potential harm from such delays. Hence, the  study exposes a potential source of human resources for paediatric emergency triage in LMICs where there is a dearth of professional  medical personnel.
Micronutrients supplementation and the outcome in preterm neonates in a tertiary health centre
Authors: Onankpa Ben , Taslim Lawal , Na'uzo Aliyu Mamman , Usman Sanni Abiola , Lilly Musa , Ojomu Opeyemi , Yusuf Pharm Gidado
Published: April 2024

Approximately 15 mil[1]lion babies are born preterm each year.1 Preterm infants commonly experience postnatal growth failure due to insufficient intake of micro[1]nutrients. We aim to determine the outcome of preterm neonates that received micronutrients. Methods: The study subjects com[1]prised of 210 preterm neonates admitted to (SCBU) of Federal Medical Centre, Brinin kebbi, Kebbi State from 1st June 2020 to 30st May, 2022. The subjects were randomized into two groups; 100 preterm neonates (Study group) received micronutrients (Reload; Reload Brands, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) while, 110 preterm neonates (Control group) did not receive micronutrients. Biodata and other important information were obtained. All the babies (210) received the usual treatment protocol of preterm admitted to our SCBU. Ethical ap[1]proval was obtained from the Research and Ethics Committee. Results: Birth weights of the 210 neonates ranged from 800grams to the highest 2500grams with mean CC –BY 4.0 birth weight of 1.54kg ±0.95. Av[1]erage daily weight gains in 71% of the study subjects ranged from 25grams to a maximum of 29 grams per day while, in the non- micronutrients group, 54% had daily weight gain range of 10- 14grams per day (p = 0.001). Twelve (12%) of the Micronutrient group (MG) and 30% 0f the Non-Micronutrient group (NMG) had need for blood transfusion respectively (p = 0.002). The average ho sp ital stay wa s 22.95±9.68; hospital stay for the MG was 8 to 21 days while that of the NMG was 22 to 42 days (p = 0.001). C o n c l u s i o n s : M i c r o n u t r i - ents intake were in consistent with optimal weight gain, shorter hospital stay and lower need for blood transfusion in preterm newborns. Recommendations: We recommend early commencement of mi c r o n u t r i e n t s u p p leme n t (Reloads) in preterm babies.
Frequency and pattern of skin- prick aero-allergic sensitization among children with asthma in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Odusote Olatunde Adegboyega , Ubuane Peter Odion , Afiemo Akpojeme Ovwighuo , Akinola Ibironke Jadesola , Akinola Ayodeji Olushola , Akinola Ayodeji Olushola
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Background: Among children with asthma, aero-allergen sensitisation (AS) results in poorer outcomes, necessitating allergen control. However, the spectrum of AS in childhood asthma in Nigeria is not well-known. We describe the prevalence and pattern of skin- prick AS among children with asthma seen at the paediatric al[1]lergy clinic of the Lagos State Uni[1]versity Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods/Material: Retrospective review of routinely-collected data of asthmatic children who had skin -prick test (SPT) at the Paediatric Allergy clinic, conducted with a 9- allergen-extracts kit comprising house-dust mite (HDM) [subtypes: Dermatophagoides pteronysinnus (Der p), Dermatophagoides farina (Der f ), Blomia tropicalis (Blo t)]; Cockroach, Aspergillus fumigatus, cat, dog, Alternaria alternata and grass-mix. AS was defined as wheal diameter ≥ 3 mm above sa[1]line control (0 mm), with hista[1]mine wheal ≥ 3 mm (after 15- minute observation), to at least one antigen. CC –BY 4.0 Results: Between January 2019 and May 2021, fifty-eight children (60.3% boys) aged 2-17 years [median (range; IQR)= 7.0 (2.0, 17.0; 5.0)] had SPT. AS was pre[1]sent in 86.2% (n=50/58), compris[1]ing allergy to: HDM [82.1% (n=46/56) (Der f-67.9%; Blo t: 64.3%; Der p : 51.8%]; cockroach ( 3 9 . 3 % , 2 2 / 5 6 ) ; m o u l d s (Aspergillus- 3.6%, 2/56; Alter[1]naria-1.8%, 1/55) and pet (cat- 1.8%, 1/56; dog-1.8%, 1/56). About two-thirds (65.5%, 38/58) were polysensitised but there was no cross-sensitisation between HDM and cockroach allergy [kappa (95% CI)= -0.004(-0.18, 0.17)]. Conclusions: AS, especially to HDM and cockroach, was common among asthmatic children; a previously-unreported high prevalence of Blomia tropicalis allergy was notable. HDM and cockroach control may be important in our patients.
Paediatric Association of Nigeria Guidelines on the Management of Acute Chest Syndrome in Children with Sickle Cell Disease (2023)
Authors: Adegoke Samuel , Adeola Stephen , Ahmad Hafsat , Ambe Jose , Dawodu Osagie , Diaku-Akinwumi Ijeoma , Ekure Ekanem , Garba Maria , Ibrahim Umma , Israel-Aina Yetunde , James Esther , Mohammed-Nafi'u Ramatu , Nnebe-Agumadu Uche , Odunvbun Magdalene , Ofakunrin Akinyemi O. , Ogundeyi Morufat , Ogunrinde Olufemi G. , Okechukwu Chioma , Okpe Edache , Olasinde Yetunde , Oniyangi Oluseyi , Oyesakin Adewunmi , Udechukwu Ngozi
Published: April 2024

Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of hospitalisation, a potentially life-threatening complication and a leading cause of mortality in children with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). The affected child commonly presents with respiratory symptoms such as cough, breathlessness, chest pain, jitteriness, and confusion, with or without fever. The cause of this condition is multifactorial and sometimes unidentified, but the majority are due to infection, infarction, and fat embolism. ACS and its related complications may be minimised by prompt intervention and appropriate therapy, including the use of incentive spirometry and blood transfusion.
 
Objective
The development of a national guideline on the management of ACS in children with SCD under 18 years in Nigeria is meant to enhance early diagnosis and prompt treatment of ACS to improve the quality of care and clinical outcome and prevent death from ACS. It is intended to enhance the clinician's diagnostic capability and ensure that children with ACS receive the best available care.
 
Methods
This evidence-based guideline was adapted from the British Society of Haematology (BSH) and the American Society of Hematology (ASH) guidelines using the ADAPTE (Resource tool kit version 2.1) and AGREE II methods.
 
Results
The PAN Guideline Panel reached a consensus on 25 recommendations, three of which were modified and adapted for local use. The recommendations reflect a broad definition of ACS and a management approach, including blood transfusion and incentive spirometry, such as blowing latex balloons in the absence of a spirometer.
 
Conclusions
Most recommendations are conditional because of low-certainty evidence and closely balanced benefits and harms (benefits of therapy to patients and availability of such therapy). Patient preferences should drive clinical decisions. Randomised controlled trials and comparative-effectiveness studies are needed for optimal management of blood transfusion, fluid therapy, and use of oxygen.
Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN) Immunization Guidelines: An Update (2023)
Authors: Sadoh Ayebo , Onuchukwu Chuma , Akintan Patricia , Fajolu Iretiola , Medupin Patricia , Okafor Amarachukwu , Olatunya Oladele , Bisi-Onyemaechi Adaobi , Teru Peter , Yilgwan Chris , Garba Maria , Ogunrinde Olufemi , Ekure Ekanem
Published: April 2024

The Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN) Guidelines for Childhood Immunisation were first published in 2012 as a follow-up to a position paper submitted to the Nigerian government in 2008. These guidelines are long overdue for updating since their lifespan has exceeded the recommended five years. New evidence and information have accrued, and new vaccines have emerged to prevent old and new diseases. The updated guidelines, while ensuring compliance with international best practices, are intended to guide the use of vaccines in the country as a whole (both within the national guidelines and outside the national guidelines) as well as ensure that the use of vaccines is timely, comprehensive and in tandem with empirical evidence.
The updated guideline is intended for use by the Federal Ministry of Health, the Nigerian Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG), the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA), Paediatricians and other healthcare workers in private and public institutions, parents, other key policymakers and vaccine funders.
The function of ciliopathy protein FOP on cilia and cortical microtubule cytoskeleton in Euplotes amieti
Authors: WU Junlin , Yin Jiaqi , Xu Zixiang , Liu Yingli , Qin Huanyong , Sheng Xin
Published: April 2024

FOP is a centriole satellite protein involved in ciliogenesis. Although centriole satellites are involved in centrosome and ciliumrelated protein trafficking, their functions related to ciliary assembly and maintenance of ciliary microtubule stability remain unclear. In this study, the function of the FOP gene in Euplotes amieti was investigated by interfering with its expression using RNAi. As a result, expression levels of the ciliary assembly-related proteins BBS8 and IFT88 were down-regulated. Swimming speeds also decreased and the Euplotes were only able to spin in circles, which suggested that the FOP protein is an important protein involved in ciliary motion. Further observations of Euplotes amieti microstructure and ultrastructure via immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed that FOP not only participated in the formation of the ventral ciliary basal body but also played an important role in the maintenance of cortical microtubules, which is fundamental for the morphological structure of Euplotes amieti.