bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ageing as a mindset: a study protocol to rejuvenate older adults with a counterclockwise psychological intervention
Authors: Pagnini Francesco , Cavalera Cesare , Volpato Eleonora , Comazzi Benedetta , Vailati Riboni Francesco , Valota Chiara , Bercovitz Katherine , Molinari Enrico , Banfi Paolo , Phillips Deborah , Langer Ellen
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Although ageing is generally perceived as a biologically determined process, the literature increasingly points to the importance of psychological factors in the ageing process, specifically age-related stereotypes or cognitive mindsets. Such stereotypes reflect self-perceptions and others’ perceptions about the ageing process and can have a strong influence on health and life satisfaction, specifically through self-fulfilling prophecy mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate whether changes in mindsets can change the ageing process.

Methods and analysis

This study replicates in large part the original 1979 ‘Counterclockwise’ experiment by Ellen Langer and will involve a group of older adults (aged 75+) taking part of a 1-week retreat outside of Milan, Italy. Participants will be instructed and helped torelivetheir younger selves, actingas ifthey are living in the year 1989. The week-long residential programme is designed to prime this perception by incorporating a completely retrofitted physical environment, as well as providing opportunities to engage in social activities that would have been common in the late 1980s. This ‘counterclockwise’ intervention will be tested as a randomised control trial comprised of the experimental (‘counterclockwise’) group, an active control group (same activities, no time manipulation) and a no-treatment group. Ninety participants will be randomly allocated to one of these three conditions. Every participant will be assessed for medical, cognitive, psychological and age appearance at four time points: at the time of recruitment, after the intervention (ie, after a week for the no-treatment group) and again after 6 and 12 months.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Ethics Committees of the Department of Psychology of Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Don Gnocchi Foundation. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, scientific meetings and direct presentation to the general population.

Trial registration number

NCT03552042; Pre-results.
When bodies think: panpsychism, pluralism, biopolitics
Authors: Savransky Martin
Published: July 2019

Cultivating a speculative orientation to the medical humanities, the aim of this essay is to explore some dimensions of the recent calls for more participatory forms of medicine and healthcare under the sign of what, after Michel Foucault, I call the ‘biopolitical problematic’. That is, the divergent encounter between techniques of biopower that seek to take hold of life and the body, and a plurality of living bodies that persistently respond, challenge and escape its grasp. If critics of ‘participatory medicine’ have warned that the turn to ‘participation’ in healthcare functions as a form of biopower that seeks to gain access to bodies, and in so doing take a better hold of life, in this essay, I propose we experiment with the question of what kinds of conceptual tools may be required to make perceptible the ways in which a plurality of participating bodies may become capable of responding, challenging and escaping ‘participation’s’ grasp. After problematising the ontology of participation involved in contemporary debates around participatory medicine, I draw on the work of William James and Alfred North Whitehead, among others, to argue for the need to reclaim a pluralistic panpsychism—in short, the proposition that all things think—as a pragmatic tool to envisage the possibility of a plurality of thinking bodies capable of unruly forms of participation all the way down.
Walking in rhythm with Deleuze and a dog inside the classroom: being and becoming well and happy together
Authors: Carlyle Donna
Published: July 2019

This paper plateau describes children’s interspecies relation with a classroom canine, utilising posthumanism, post-structuralism and new materialism as its research paradigm and methodology. Once feelings are cognitised or articulated, their true essence can be lost. Therefore, elucidating moment-to-moment child–dog interactions through the lens of affect theory attempts to materialise the invisible, embodied, ‘unthought’ and non-conscious experience. Through consideration of Deleuzian concepts such as the ‘rhizome’ and ‘Body-without-Organs’ being enacted it illuminates new, ‘situated knowledge’. This is explicated and revealed using visual methods with ‘data’ produced by both, the children and their classroom dog such as photographs and video footage mounted on the dogs harness, from a GoPro micro camera. In addition, individual drawings, artefacts and paintings completed by the children are profound points in the research process, which are referred to as ‘plateaus’. These then become emergent as a children’s comic book where their relationship with ‘Dave’, their classroom dog is materialised. Through their interspecies relationship both child and dog exercise agency, co-constitute and transform one another and occupy a space of shared relations and multiple subjectivities. The affectual capacities of both child and dog also co-create an affective atmosphere and emotional spaces. Through ethnographic, participant observation and the ‘researcher’s body’ as a tool, they visually create illustrations through the sketching of ‘etudes’ (drawing exercises) to draw forth this embodied experience to reveal multiple lines and entanglements, mapping a landscape of interconnections and relations.
Density functional theory (DFT) study of BaScO3H0.5 compound and its hydrogen storage properties
Authors: Gencer Aysenur , Surucu Gokhan
Published: July 2019

BaScO3 and its hydride BaScO3H0.5 have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). BaScO3 perovskite can crystallize in five possible crystal structures: orthorhombic (Pnma), tetragonal (P4mm), rhombohedral (R-3c), hexagonal (P63/mmc), and cubic (Pm-3m). These five possible phases have been optimized to obtain the most stable phase of BaScO3. The orthorhombic phase, being the most stable and having the lowest volume among the studied phases, has been considered for hydrogen bonding studies, and BaScO3H0.5 has been obtained. The electronic properties including band structure and corresponding partial density of states have been obtained for both BaScO3 and BaScO3H0.5 compounds. In addition, partial charge analysis has been performed. The calculated elastic constants have been used to obtain mechanical properties, such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio. Also, direction-dependent elastic properties have been studied in two dimensions and three dimensions. BaScO3 and BaScO3H0.5 compounds have ionic bonding and they are ductile materials. Moreover, the hydrogen storage properties of BaScO3H0.5 have been investigated and it is found that the gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity is 0.22 wt% and the hydrogen desorption temperature is determined as 1769.70 K.
ON THE RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF RESIDUE CLASSES IN PASCAL’S TRIANGLE MODULO A PRIME
Authors: BRADLEY DAVID M. , D’ALESSIO DANIEL , KHALIL ANDRÉ , NIEMEYER ROBERT G. , OSSANNA ELLIOT , TANENBAUM AARON , TONER BRIAN
Published: July 2019

When the entries of Pascal’s triangle which are congruent to a given nonzero residue modulo a fixed prime are mapped to corresponding locations of the unit square, a fractal-like structure emerges. In a previous publication, Bradley, Khalil, Niemeyer and Ossanna [The box-counting dimension of Pascal’s triangle [Formula: see text] mod [Formula: see text], Fractals 26(5) (2018) 1850071] showed that this mapping yields a nonempty compact set which can be realized as a limit of a sequence of sets representing incrementally refined approximations. Moreover, it was shown therein that for any fixed prime, the sequence converges to the same set, regardless of the nonzero residue or combination of nonzero residues considered. Consequently, the fractal (box-counting) dimension of the limiting set is independent of the residue. To study the relative frequency of various residue classes in the sequence of approximating sets, it would be desirable to have a closed-form formula for the number of entries in the first [Formula: see text] rows of Pascal’s triangle which are congruent to a given nonzero residue [Formula: see text] modulo the prime [Formula: see text]. Unfortunately, the numerical evidence presented in this paper supports the contention that there is no such formula. Nevertheless, the evidence indicates that for sufficiently large primes [Formula: see text], the number of entries congruent to [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is well approximated by the respective linear functions [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. In particular, for large primes [Formula: see text] there are approximately six times as many occurrences of the residue [Formula: see text] in the first [Formula: see text] rows of Pascal’s triangle reduced modulo [Formula: see text] than there are of any other residue [Formula: see text] in the range [Formula: see text], and three times as many as [Formula: see text]. On the other hand, if we let the nonnegative integer [Formula: see text] vary while keeping the prime [Formula: see text] fixed, and look at the relative frequency of various residue classes that occur in the first [Formula: see text] rows, the seemingly substantial differences in frequency between [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] are increasingly dissipated as [Formula: see text] grows without bound. We show that in the limit as [Formula: see text] tends to infinity, all nonzero residues are equally represented with asymptotic proportion [Formula: see text].
Non-Invasive Temperature Measurements by Neutron Diffraction in Aero-Engine Components
Authors: Holden T. M. , Root J. H. , Tennant D. C. , Leggett D.
Published: July 2019

A requirement exists in the aeronautical industry for measuring temperature non-invasively in critical components, such as the turbine disc in an operating engine. Neutron diffraction, unique among nuclear techniques, offers the possibility of measuring both temperature and strain within an operating engine by virtue of the high penetration of neutrons through industrial materials. Static diffraction experiments on Waspaloy and Ti6A14V showed, by comparison with thermocouples, that both the diffraction peak position and the peak intensity can measure the tempeiaturc to within ±6 K aL 800 K. Measurements on a rotating Waspaloy disc, heated from its rim, showed that temperature gradients could be determined accurately by lattice parameter measurements. The large grain size in Waspaloy prevented accurate peak intensity measurements in this dynamic test. Finally, the structures within a small Pratt & Whitney engine in its equatorial plane were mapped by mounting the engine on an X-Y translator on the diffractometer and moving it through a grid of positions. Possible future directions in the field will be discussed.
Evaluation of Some Sums of Polynomials in Fq[t]
Authors: Diene Adama
Published: July 2019

We prove the polynomial analogues of some Liouville identities from elementary number theory. Consequently several sums defined over the finite fields Fq[t] are evaluated by combining the results obtained and some of the results from sums of reciprocals of polynomials over Fq[t].
Kinematic Analysis and Dynamic Optimization Simulation of a Novel Unpowered Exoskeleton with Parallel Topology
Authors: Yan Qiang , Zhang Jianjun , Li Bin , Zhou Liang
Published: July 2019

This paper studies the kinematic and dynamic analysis of a novel unpowered exoskeleton with topology. Firstly, the kinematics of the unpowered exoskeleton is analyzed by the derivation of the closed-loop position equation, and the forward position problems of the exoskeleton are obtained. Secondly, with the aim of doing some research in the dynamics, two of links for the exoskeleton are changed into flexible links. Some shapes concerning some parameters are acquired by simulation with fitting curve method. Thirdly, meanwhile, the dynamic model is built by using Lagrange method. Fourthly, the gait experiment is acquired with the aim of obtaining the law of the human joints. Fifthly, the dynamic model is verified by Adams software and the theoretical calculation. Meanwhile, an optimization is completed in the Adams software. The most reasonable spring stiffness is acquired. Finally, some conclusions are enumerated to show the properties of the mechanisms.
First Microbiological and Molecular Identification ofRhodococcus equiin Feces of Nondiarrheic Cats
Authors: Lechinski de Paula Carolina , Silveira Silva Rodrigo Otávio , Tavanelli Hernandes Rodrigo , Nardi Júnior Geraldo de , Babboni Selene Daniela , Trevizan Guerra Simony , Paganini Listoni Fernando José , Giuffrida Rogério , Takai Shinji , Sasaki Yukako , Garcia Ribeiro Márcio
Published: July 2019

Rhodococcus equiis responsible for infections in multiple-host animals. In humans, the prevalence of rhodococcus has increased worldwide and represents an emergent risk.R. equiis a soil-borne opportunistic bacterium isolated from feces of a wide variety of domestic species, except cats; thus, there is no known potential risk of its transmission from humans. Here, the mono- and cooccurrence ofRhodococcus equiand other bacteria and selected virulence markers were investigated in feces of nondiarrheic cats from urban (n=100) and rural (n=100) areas. Seven (7/200=3.5%)R. equiisolates were recovered in ceftazidime, novobiocin, and cycloheximide (CAZ-NB) selective media, exclusively of cats from three distinct farms (p=0.01), and these cats had a history of contact with horses and their environment (p=0.0002). None of theR. equiisolates harbored hosted-adapted plasmid types associated with virulence (pVAPA, pVAPB, and pVAPN). One hundred seventy-fiveE. coliisolates were identified, and 23 atypical enteropathogenicE. coli(aEPEC), 1 STEC (Shiga-toxin producingE. coli), and 1 EAEC (enteroaggregativeE. coli) were detected. Eighty-sixC. perfringenstype A isolates were identified, and beta-2 and enterotoxin were detected in 21 and 1 isolates, respectively. FiveC. difficileisolates were identified, one of which was toxigenic and ribotype 106. The main cooccurring isolates in cats from urban areas wereE. coliandC. perfringensA (26/100=26%),E. coliandC. perfringenstype Acpb2+(8/100=8%), and aEPEC (eae+/escN+) andC. perfringenstype A (5/100=5%). In cats from farms, the main cooccurring isolates wereE. coliandC. perfringenstype A (21/100=21%),E. coliandC. perfringenstype Acpb2+8/100=8%), andE. coliandR. equi(4/100=4%). We identified, for the first time,R. equiin nondiarrheic cats, a finding that represents a public health issue because rhodococcus has been reported in both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent humans, particularly people living with HIV/AIDS.
Optimal Design for the Passive Control of Vibration Based on Limit Cycles
Authors: Rojas Rafael A. , Wehrle Erich , Vidoni Renato
Published: July 2019

The optimal design of damping parameters for passive vibration control remains a challenge for both research and industrial applications. Here, we introduce a design methodology based on limit cycle analysis in concert with design optimization. A state‐space representation is used to model the vibrational behavior converged to its limit cycle. The design approach is outlined and applied to mechanical systems undergoing periodic forces. This method is applicable to both vibration mitigation and energy harvesting, and examples of both are shown. We conclude with a summary of the results and an outlook for future developments and applications.
The Ameliorative Effects of the Ethyl Acetate Extract ofSalicornia europaeaL. and Its Bioactive Candidate, Irilin B, on LPS-Induced Microglial Inflammation and MPTP-Intoxicated PD-Like Mouse Model
Authors: Kim Joonsoo , Karthivashan Govindarajan , Kweon Mee-Hyang , Kim Deuk-Hoi , Choi Dong-Kug
Published: July 2019

Hyperactivation of microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, exacerbates various neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Parkinson’s disease is generally characterized by a severe loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway, with substantial neuroinflammation and motor deficits. This was experimentally replicated in animal models, using neurotoxins, i.e., LPS (lipopolysaccharides) and MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine).Salicornia europaeaL. (SE) has been used as a dietary supplement in Korea and Europe for several years, due to its nutritional and therapeutic value. In this study, we intend to investigate the antineuroinflammatory and anti-PD-like effects of the bioactive fraction/candidate of the SE extract. Initially, we screened various fractions of SE extract using anin vitroantioxidant assay. The optimal fraction was investigated for itsin vitroantineuroinflammatory potential in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells andin vivoanti-PD-like potential in MPTP-intoxicated mice. Subsequently, to identify the potential candidate responsible for the elite therapeutic potential of the optimal fraction, we conducted antioxidant activity-guided isolation and purification; the bioactive candidate was structurally characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chromatographic techniques and further investigated for itsin vitroantioxidative and antineuroinflammatory potential. The results of our study indicate that SE-EA and its bioactive candidate, Irilin B, effectively alleviate the deleterious effect of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and promote antioxidative effects. Thus, they exhibit potential as therapeutic candidates against neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress-mediated PD-like neurodegenerative complications.
Gas6/TAM Receptors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Cohen Philip L. , Shao Wen-Hai
Published: July 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multiorgan autoimmune disease associated with impaired immune system regulation. The exact mechanisms of SLE development remain to be elucidated. TAM receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are important for apoptotic cell clearance, immune homeostasis, and resolution of immune responses. TAM deficiency leads to lupus-like autoimmune diseases. Activation of TAM receptors leads to proteolytic cleavage of the receptors, generating soluble forms of TAM. Circulating TAM receptors have an immunoregulatory function and may also serve as biomarkers for disease prognosis. Here, we review the biological function and signaling of TAM RTKs in the development and pathogenesis of lupus and lupus nephritis. Targeting Gas6/TAM pathways may be of therapeutic benefit. A discussion of potential TAM activation and inhibition in the treatment of lupus and lupus nephritis is included.
Green Tea Extract Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration in Rats
Authors: Yang Yaping , Xu Ciyan , Chen Yuhong , Liang Jia-Jian , Xu Yanxuan , Chen Shao-Lang , Huang Shaofen , Yang Qichen , Cen Ling-Ping , Pang Chi Pui , Sun Xing-huai , Ng Tsz Kin
Published: July 2019

Purpose. Oxidative stress induced by reduced blood circulation is a critical pathological damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucoma. We previously showed that green tea extract (GTE) and its catechin constituents alleviate sodium iodate-induced retinal degeneration in rats. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of GTE on ischemia-induced RGC degeneration in rats. Methods. RGC degeneration was induced by ischemic reperfusion in adult Fischer F344 rats. Green tea extract (Theaphenon E) was intragastrically administered 4 times within 48 hours after ischemia. RGC survival, pupillary light reflex, expressions of cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation-related proteins were studied. Results. Ischemic reperfusion significantly induced apoptotic RGCs, RGC loss, and larger constricted pupil area compared to the untreated normal rats. Expressions of activated caspase-3 and caspase-8, Sod2, and inflammation-related proteins as well as p38 phosphorylation were significantly upregulated in the ischemia-injured rats. Compared to the saline-fed ischemic rats, significantly higher number of surviving RGCs, less apoptotic RGCs, and smaller constricted pupil area were observed in the GTE-fed ischemic rats. GTE also reduced the increased protein expressions caused by ischemic injury but enhanced the Jak phosphorylation in the retina. Notably, green tea extract did not affect the survival of RGCs in the uninjured normal rats. Conclusions. In summary, GTE offers neuroprotection to RGCs under ischemic challenge, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for glaucoma and optic neuropathies.
Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy Sharing Characteristic OCT Findings of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease
Authors: Kitamura Yuta , Oshitari Toshiyuki , Kitahashi Masayasu , Baba Takayuki , Yamamoto Shuichi
Published: July 2019

A 17-year-old male presented with acute bilateral paracentral scotomata and blurred vision. Funduscopic examination showed bilateral macular serous retinal detachment and yellow-white placoid lesions at the level of retinal pigment epithelium. OCT study showed typical VKH disease findings with marked choroidal thickening and macular serous retinal detachment partly with subretinal septa in both eyes. FA demonstrated hypofluorescence at the placoid lesions in the early phase and hyperfluorescence in the late phase. Laboratory investigation showed negative result for HLA-DR4 serotype and the patient’s cerebrospinal fluid test values were within normal range. We made the diagnosis of APMPPE from these results. At 2-month follow-up without the use of corticosteroids, OCT reexamination showed complete amelioration of subretinal fluid in both eyes. Patchy pigmentary lesions also resolved clinically with partial chorioretinal scars. The results in this case suggested OCT findings in APMPPE patients could be similar to characteristic features usually found in acute VKH disease. We recommend comprehensive assessments such as FA, cerebral spinal fluid analysis, and HLA typing which help in leading proper diagnosis.
The Pungent and Hot Chinese Herbs Cause Heat Syndrome in Rats by Affecting the Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Wu De-Hong , Xu Li , Xie Guan-Qun , Fan Yong-Sheng , Zhou Jia
Published: July 2019

Heat syndrome is a folk saying in China, which is used to describe people with symptoms such as aphtha, oral ulcer, glossitis, swelling and aching of gingiva, and dry eye. Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. (A), Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Z), and Cinnamomum cassia Presl (C) are the representatives of pungent and hot Chinese herbs which may cause heat syndrome. In order to explore the mechanism of pungent herbs-induced heat syndrome, rats were treated with AZC extracts at different concentrations and at different time periods. A series of cytokines were determined using the cytokine antibody array; some immunosuppressive cytokines, including TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-35, significantly increased in AZC group as compared with control group. Higher mRNA expressions of Foxp3, TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-35 were found in the spleen and thymus of rats after treatment for 18 days based on RT-PCR. Flow cytometry result revealed that the percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in spleen lymphocytes showed an increasing trend from the 3rd day to the 18th day after treatment with middle dose of AZC extracts. It is speculated that extracts of AZC herbs may affect the development of heat syndrome by influencing Treg cells and immunosuppressive cytokines.
Altered Steroid Milieu in AI-Resistant Breast Cancer Facilitates AR Mediated Gene-Expression Associated with Poor Response to Therapy
Authors: Creevey Laura , Bleach Rachel , Madden Stephen F. , Toomey Sinead , Bane Fiona T. , Varešlija Damir , Hill Arnold D. , Young Leonie S. , McIlroy Marie
Published: July 2019

Divergent roles for androgen receptor (AR) in breast cancer have been reported. Following aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment, the conversion of circulating androgens into estrogens can be diminished by >99%. We wished to establish whether the steroid environment can dictate the role of AR and the implications of this for subsequent therapy. This study utilizes models of AI resistance to explore responsiveness to PI3K/mTOR and anti-AR therapy when cells are exposed to unconverted weak androgens. Transcriptomic alterations driven by androstenedione (4AD) were assessed by RNA-sequencing. AR and estrogen receptor (ER) recruitment to target gene promoters was evaluated using ChIP, and relevance to patient profiles was performed using publicly available data sets. Although BEZ235 showed decreased viability across AI-sensitive and -resistant cell lines, anti-AR treatment elicited a decrease in cell viability only in the AI-resistant model. Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 3 (SGK3) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor β (PKIB) were confirmed to be regulated by 4AD and shown to be mediated by AR; crucially, reexposure to estradiol suppressed expression of these genes. Meta-analysis of transcript levels showed high expression of SGK3 and PKIB to be associated with poor response to endocrine therapy (HR = 2.551, P = 0.003). Furthermore, this study found levels of SGK3 to be sustained in patients who do not respond to AI therapy. This study highlights the importance of the tumor steroid environment. SGK3 and PKIB are associated with poor response to endocrine therapy and could have utility in tailoring therapeutic approaches.
ВИВЧЕННЯ ГОСТРОЇ ТОКСИЧНОСТІ ТА ПРОТИЗАПАЛЬНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ СПИРТОВИХ ЕКСТРАКТІВ ТРАВИ СНУ БІЛОГО (PULSATILA ALBA)
Authors: Khropot O. S. , Konechnyi Yu. T. , Kolb Y. I. , Konechna R. T. , Hubytska I. І. , Holota S. M. , Poshyvak O. В. , Nektehaev I. O. , Pinyazhko O. R. , Novikov V. P.
Published: July 2019

Мета роботи. Дослідження гострої токсичності та протизапальної (антиексудативної) активності спиртових екстрактів трави сну білого (Pulsatila alba).

Матеріали і методи. Дослідження гострої токсичності проведено на 78 безпородних білих щурах обох статей масою 190–220 г, яким вводили тестовані спиртові екстракти трави сну білого (Pulsatila alba) одноразово внутрішньошлунково за допомогою металевого зонда в дозах 5000, 10 000 та 15 000 мг/кг. Для вивчення антиексудативної активності використовували карагенінову модель запального набряку задньої лапи білих щурів (42 тварини). Досліджувані екстракти вводили внутрішньошлунково в дозі 2 мл/кг. Як препарати порівняння використовували диклофенак натрію та кеторолаку трометаміну.

Результати й обговорення. Результати вивчення гострої токсичності екстрактів трави сну білого (Pulsatila alba) свідчать про відсутність будь-яких токсичних проявів при внутрішньошлунковому введенні в дозах 5000, 10 000 та 15 000 мг/кг на білих щурах, що дозволяє віднести їх до VI класу токсичності (відносно нешкідливі речовини). Спиртові екстракти трави сну білого проявляють протизапальну активність на карагеніновій моделі запального набряку лапи білого щура і фармакологічний ефект залежить від концентрації етанолу та співвідношення сировина:екстрагент. Найкращу антиексудативну активність проявляє 70 % спиртовий екстракт (1:20), показник пригнічення запальної реакції якого становив 27 %, що дещо поступається референс-препаратам (нижче на 10 та 17 % відносно кеторолаку трометаміну та диклофенаку натрію, відповідно) та є хорошим показником для рослинних протизапальних засобів.

Висновки. Досліджено гостру токсичність та протизапальну дію спиртових екстрактів трави сну білого (Pulsatila alba) і встановлено, що 70 % спиртовий екстракт (1:20) є відносно нешкідливою речовиною (VI клас токсичності) та проявляє виразну протизапальну активність (показник пригнічення запальної реакції - 27 %) на карагеніновій моделі запального набряку лапи білого щура при внутрішньошлунковому введенні.
РОЛЬ СИСТЕМИ ГЕМОСТАЗУ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗІ РЕПРОДУКТИВНИХ ВТРАТ
Authors: Dubyk L. V.
Published: July 2019

Мета дослідження – оцінити зміни деяких показників гемостазу в І триместрі вагітності в жінок із спонтанним абортом.

Матеріали та методи. Нами було обстежено 153 вагітних, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні в гінекологічному відділенні КМУ «МКПБ № 1», а також перебували на обліку в Жіночій консультації № 1. З них 30 жінок були із неускладненою вагітністю в терміни 6–12 тиж. (I група), 60 – із загрозою мимовільного аборту (II група), 34 – зі спонтанним абортом (III група) і 29 – з вагітністю, що не розвивається (IV група).

Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. У більшості вагітних із невиношуванням ранньої вагітності на момент обстеження були виявлені порушення в системі гемостазу, що свідчили про збільшення потенціалу згортання крові (гіперкоагуляцію). Так, показником активації внутрішнього шляху згортання служить зменшення величини активованого часткового тромбопластинового часу (Р<0,05). Кількість фібриногену в групі із самовільним перериванням вагітності і вагітністю, що не розвивається, перевищує показники при неускладненій вагітності I триместру удвічі (Р<0,05). Аналіз агрегаційної активності тромбоцитів пацієнток із невиношуванням вагітності в ранні терміни виявив невелике, але достовірне збільшення агрегації тромбоцитів порівняно з показником при фізіологічній вагітності (Р<0,05).

Висновок. У жінок із невиношуванням вагітності спостерігаються зміни зі сторони системи гемостазу, які проявляються явищами гіперкоагуляції та активацією внутрішнього шляху згортання крові.
Annual Incidence of Adult and Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the United States
Authors: Holmberg Mathias J. , Ross Catherine E. , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. , Chan Paul S. , Duval-Arnould Jordan , Grossestreuer Anne V. , Yankama Tuyen , Donnino Michael W. , Andersen Lars W. ,   for the American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation Investigators*, Chan Paul , Grossestreuer Anne V. , Moskowitz Ari , Edelson Dana , Ornato Joseph , Berg Katherine , Peberdy Mary Ann , Churpek Matthew , Kurz Michael , Starks Monique Anderson , Girotra Saket , Perman Sarah , Goldberger Zachary , Guerguerian Anne-Marie , Atkins Dianne , Foglia Elizabeth , Fink Ericka , Lasa Javier J. , Roberts Joan , Bembea Melanie , Gaies Michael , Kleinman Monica , Gupta Punkaj , Sutton Robert , Sawyer Taylor
Published: July 2019

Background:

Previous incidence estimates may no longer reflect the current public health burden of cardiac arrest in hospitalized adult and pediatric patients across the United States. The aim of this study was to estimate the contemporary annual incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest in adults and children across the United States and to describe trends in incidence between 2008 and 2017.

Methods and Results:

Using the Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation registry, we developed a negative binomial regression model to estimate the incidence of index pulseless in-hospital cardiac arrest based on hospital-level characteristics. The model was used to predict the number of in-hospital cardiac arrests in all US hospitals, using data from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey. We performed separate analyses for adult (≥18 years) and pediatric (<18 years) cardiac arrests. Additional analyses were performed for recurrent cardiac arrests and pediatric patients requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation for poor perfusion (nonpulseless events). The average annual incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States was estimated at 292 000 (95% prediction interval, 217 600–503 500) adult and 15 200 pediatric cases, of which 7100 (95% prediction interval, 4400–9900) cases were pulseless cardiac arrests and 8100 (95% prediction interval, 4700–11 500) cases were nonpulseless events. The rate of adult cardiac arrests increased over time, while pediatric events remained more stable. When including both index and recurrent in-hospital cardiac arrests, the average annual incidence was estimated at 357 900 (95% prediction interval, 247 100–598 400) adult and 19 900 pediatric cases, of which 8300 (95% prediction interval, 4900–11 200) cases were pulseless cardiac arrests and 11 600 (95% prediction interval, 6400–16 700) cases were nonpulseless events.

Conclusions:

There are ≈292 000 adult in-hospital cardiac arrests and 15 200 pediatric in-hospital events in the United States each year. This study provides contemporary estimates of the public health burden of cardiac arrest among hospitalized patients.
Results of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Convection Study for Extreme Weather Resilient Cities (TOMACS)
Authors: Misumi Ryohei , Shoji Yoshinori , Saito Kazuo , Seko Hiromu , Seino Naoko , Suzuki Shin-ichi , Shusse Yukari , Hirano Kohin , Bélair Stéphane , Chandrasekar V. , Lee Dong-In , Pereira Filho Augusto Jose , Nakatani Tsuyoshi , Maki Masayuki
Published: July 2019

The Tokyo Metropolitan Area Convection Study for Extreme Weather Resilient Cities (TOMACS) began as a Japanese domestic research project in 2010 and aimed to elucidate the mechanisms behind local high-impact weather (LHIW) in urban areas, to improve forecasting techniques for LHIW, and to provide high-resolution weather information to end-users (local governments, private companies, and the general public) through social experiments. Since 2013, the project has been expanded as an international Research and Development Project (RDP) of the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Through this project, the following results were obtained: 1) observation data for LHIW around Tokyo were recorded using a dense network of X-band radars, a C-band polarimetric radar, a Ku-band fast-scanning radar, coherent Doppler lidars, and the Global Navigation Satellite System; 2) quantitative precipitation estimation algorithms for X-band polarimetric radars have been developed as part of an international collaboration; 3) convection initiation by the interaction of sea breezes and urban impacts on the occurrence of heavy precipitation around Tokyo were elucidated by a dense observation network, high-resolution numerical simulations, and different urban surface models; 4) an “imminent” nowcast system based on the vertically integrated liquid water derived from the X-band polarimetric radar network has been developed; 5) assimilation methods for data from advanced observation instruments such as coherent Doppler lidars and polarimetric radars were developed; and 6) public use of high-resolution radar data were promoted through the social experiments.
Comments on “Is Condensation-Induced Atmospheric Dynamics a New Theory of the Origin of the Winds?”
Authors: Makarieva A. M. , Gorshkov V. G. , Nobre A. D. , Nefiodov A. V. , Sheil D. , Nobre P. , Li B.-L.
Published: July 2019

Here we respond to Jaramillo et al.’s recent critique of condensation-induced atmospheric dynamics (CIAD). We show that CIAD is consistent with Newton’s laws while Jaramillo et al.’s analysis is invalid. To address implied objections, we explain our different formulations of “evaporative force.” The essential concept of CIAD is condensation’s role in powering atmospheric circulation. We briefly highlight why this concept is necessary and useful.
Fast Biases in Monsoon Rainfall over Southern and Central India in the Met Office Unified Model
Authors: Keane Richard J. , Williams Keith D. , Stirling Alison J. , Martin Gill M. , Birch Cathryn E. , Parker Douglas J.
Published: July 2019

The Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) is known to produce too little total rainfall on average over India during the summer monsoon period, when assessed for multiyear climate simulations. We investigate how quickly this dry bias appears by assessing the 5-day operational forecasts produced by the MetUM for six different years. It is found that the MetUM shows a drying tendency across the five days of the forecasts, for all of the six years (which correspond to two different model versions). We then calculate each term in the moisture budget, for a region covering southern and central India, where the dry bias is worst in both climate simulations and weather forecasts. By looking at how the terms vary with forecast lead time, we are able to identify biases in the weather forecasts that have been previously identified in climate simulations using the same model, and we attempt to quantify how these biases lead to a reduction in total rainfall. In particular, an anticyclonic bias develops to the east of India throughout the forecast, and it has a complex effect on the moisture available over the peninsula, and a reduction in the wind speed into the west of the region appears after about 3 days, indicative of upstream effects. In addition, we find a new bias that the air advected from the west is too dry from very early in the forecast, and this has an important effect on the rainfall.
Evaluation of Rainfall Forecasts with Heavy Rain Types in the High-Resolution Unified Model over South Korea
Authors: Song Hwan-Jin , Lim Byunghwan , Joo Sangwon
Published: July 2019

Heavy rainfall events account for most socioeconomic damages caused by natural disasters in South Korea. However, the microphysical understanding of heavy rain is still lacking, leading to uncertainties in quantitative rainfall prediction. This study is aimed at evaluating rainfall forecasts in the Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS), a high-resolution configuration of the Unified Model over the Korean Peninsula. The rainfall of LDAPS forecasts was evaluated with observations based on two types of heavy rain events classified from K-means clustering for the relationship between surface rainfall intensity and cloud-top height. LDAPS forecasts were characterized by more heavy rain cases with high cloud-top heights (cold-type heavy rain) in contrast to observations showing frequent moderate-intensity rain systems with relatively lower cloud-top heights (warm-type heavy rain) over South Korea. The observed cold-type and warm-type events accounted for 32.7% and 67.3% of total rainfall, whereas LDAPS forecasts accounted for 65.3% and 34.7%, respectively. This indicates severe overestimation and underestimation of total rainfall for the cold-type and warm-type forecast events, respectively. The overestimation of cold-type heavy rainfall was mainly due to its frequent occurrence, whereas the underestimation of warm-type heavy rainfall was affected by both its low occurrence and weak intensity. The rainfall forecast skill for the warm-type events was much lower than for the cold-type events, due to the lower rainfall intensity and smaller rain area of the warm-type. Therefore, cloud parameterizations for warm-type heavy rain should be improved to enhance rainfall forecasts over the Korean Peninsula.
Interaction between Indoor Occupational Heat Stress and Environmental Temperature Elevations during Heat Waves
Authors: Ciuha Urša , Pogačar Tjaša , Bogataj Lučka Kajfež , Gliha Mitja , Nybo Lars , Flouris Andreas D. , Mekjavic Igor B.
Published: July 2019

Occupational heat strain is a public health threat, and for outdoor industries there is a direct influence from elevated environmental temperatures during heat waves. However, the impact in indoor settings is more complex as industrial heat production and building architecture become factors of importance. Therefore, this study evaluated effects of heat waves on manufacturing productivity. Production halls in a manufacturing company were instrumented with 33 dataloggers to track air temperature and humidity. In addition, outdoor thermal conditions collected from a weather station next to the factory and daily productivity evaluated as overall equipment efficiency (OEE) were obtained, with interaction between productivity and thermal conditions analyzed before, during, and after four documented heat waves (average daily air temperature above 24°C on at least three consecutive days). Outdoor (before: 21.3° ± 4.6°C, during: 25.5° ± 4.3°C, and after: 19.8° ± 3.8°C) and indoor air temperatures (before: 30.4° ± 1.3°C, during: 32.8° ± 1.4°C, and after: 30.1° ± 1.4°C) were significantly elevated during the heat waves (p < 0.05). OEE was not different during the heat waves when compared with control, pre-heat-wave, and post-heat-wave OEE. Reduced OEE was observed in 3-day periods following the second and fourth heat wave (p < 0.05). Indoor workers in settings with high industrial heat production are exposed to a significant thermal stress that may increase during heat waves, but the impact on productivity cannot be directly derived from outdoor factors. The significant decline in productivity immediately following two of the documented heat waves could relate to a cumulative effect of the thermal strain experienced during work combined with high heat stress in the recovery time between work shifts.
Working Alliance, Therapeutic Alliance, and Transference
Authors: Brenner Charles
Published: July 2019

Examination of the clinical evidence offered by proponents for the concepts of therapeutic and working alliance leads the author to conclude that neither concept is justifiable. Both refer to aspects of the transference that neither deserve a special name nor require special treatment. The related topic of frustration/gratification as necessarily inherent in the analytic situation is also considered.
Data Collection as Disruption: Insights from a Longitudinal Study of Young Adulthood
Authors: Oh Jeong Hyun , Yeatman Sara , Trinitapoli Jenny
Published: July 2019

Research disrupts the social world, often by making respondents aware that they are being observed or by instigating reflection upon particular aspects of life via the very act of asking questions. Building on insights from the first Hawthorne studies, reflexive ethnographers, and methodologists concerned with panel conditioning, we draw on six years of research within a community in southern Malawi to introduce a conceptual framework for theorizing disruption in observational research. We present a series of poignant-yet-typical tales from the field and two additional tools—the refresher-sample-as-comparison and study-focused ethnography—for measuring disruption empirically in a longitudinal study. We find evidence of study effects in many domains of life that relate directly to our scope of inquiry (i.e., union formation, fertility) and in some that extend beyond it (i.e., health). Moreover, some study effects were already known and discussed in the broader community, which was also affected by our research in unintended ways. We conclude that the assumption of non-interactivity in observational research is shaky at best, urging data-gatherers and users to think more seriously about the role of disruption in their work.
Intraluminal Esophageal Pressures in Speaking Laryngectomees
Authors: Aguiar-Ricz Lílian , Ricz Hilton , Veríssimo De Mello-Filho Francisco , Castro Perdoná Gleici , Oliveira Dantas Roberto
Published: July 2019

Objectives

The objective of the present study was to evaluate intraluminal esophageal pressure during voice and speech emission in speaking laryngectomees with a tracheoesophageal prosthesis.

Methods

In our prospective analysis in a tertiary-care academic hospital, 25 laryngectomees were divided into 2 groups: 11 speaking individuals with a tracheoesophageal prosthesis and a control group of 14 nonspeaking laryngectomees. All patients were subjected to manometry during voice and speech emission tests. We determined the pressures achieved in the distal, middle, and proximal parts of the esophagus.

Results

Statistical analysis revealed that the amplitude of pressure in the distal esophagus during sound emission was higher in speaking laryngectomees; in the middle esophagus, intraluminal pressure during emission of the sentence was higher in speaking subjects, and in the proximal esophagus there was no difference between the groups.

Conclusions

During the manometric evaluation of the distal and middle esophagus in the presence of voice and speech emission, the intraluminal pressure revealed a significant difference for the speaking laryngectomees with a tracheoesophageal prosthesis. The proximal esophagus behaved similarly in the groups of speakers and nonspeakers. Speaking laryngectomees with a tracheoesophageal prosthesis depend on a differentiated performance of the middle and distal parts of the esophagus.
UN Peacekeeping and Protection from Sexual Violence
Authors: Johansson Karin , Hultman Lisa
Published: July 2019

Recent years have seen an increased emphasis on both protection of civilians and the problem of sexual violence. We explore the impact of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping on the occurrence of wartime sexual violence. Acknowledging the difficulty in reducing sexual violence, we propose two conditions under which peacekeepers are more likely to be successful: when the mission has a protection mandate and when the conflict actors exercise a high level of control over their forces. We find that the ability of peacekeepers to reduce sexual violence in general is weak. Only police within protection missions reduces the risk of sexual violence by rebels. However, when the actors exercise control, the number of peacekeepers is associated with a lower risk of sexual violence by both governments and rebels. We conclude that dealing with sexual violence by weak and fragmented actors is a challenging task beyond the current capacity of UN peacekeeping.
Gift Purchases as Catalysts for Strengthening Customer–Brand Relationships
Authors: Eggert Andreas , Steinhoff Lena , Witte Carina
Published: July 2019

Gift giving is an effective means to strengthen interpersonal relationships; it also may initiate and enhance customer–brand relationships. Through a field study conducted with an international monobrand retailer of beauty products, a combination of propensity score matching with difference-in-differences estimations, and two experimental scenario studies, this research demonstrates that gift buyers spend 63% more in the year following a gift purchase than a matched sample of customers who purchase for their personal use. Specifically, gift buyers increase their purchase frequency (25%), spend more per shopping trip (41%), and engage in more cross-buying (49%). The sales lift is particularly pronounced among new customers. Identity theory suggests customer gratitude and public commitment as mediating mechanisms. Gift purchase design characteristics (i.e., assistance during gift purchase and branded gift wrapping) influence the strength of the mediating mechanisms.
Product Launches with New Attributes: A Hybrid Conjoint–Consumer Panel Technique for Estimating Demand
Authors: Ellickson Paul B. , Lovett Mitchell J. , Ranjan Bhoomija
Published: July 2019

The authors propose and empirically evaluate a new hybrid estimation approach that integrates choice-based conjoint with repeated purchase data for a dense consumer panel, and they show that it increases the accuracy of conjoint predictions for actual purchases observed months later. The key innovation lies in combining conjoint data with a long and detailed panel of actual choices for a random sample of the target population. By linking the actual purchase and conjoint data, researchers can estimate preferences for attributes not yet present in the marketplace, while also addressing many of the key limitations of conjoint analysis, including sample selection and contextual differences. Counterfactual product and pricing exercises illustrate the managerial relevance of the approach.