bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design Rationale Management – a Proposed Cloud Solution
Authors: Johansson Joel  , Poorkiany Morteza  , Elgh Fredrik
Published: February 2025

Due to increasing complexity of modern products it is many times impossible for single individual engineers to fully grasp the product they are a part of developing. Valuable time during the product development is therefore spent searching for knowledge about different aspect of the product. To enable engineers finding right knowledge in different situations, the knowledge must first of all exist. Secondly, it needs to be structured and thirdly, it needs to be accessible. In this paper all of these three aspects of design rationale (reasons for why the product is designed the way it is) are addressed with the main focus on the latter one, accessibility. An information model is presented that can be used to structure the design rationale. It also presents a schematic overview of how a cloud solution could be realized using the information model to make a complete system for instantly capturing, filtering and accessing design rationale in a contextual manner.
Uncertainties in Cloud Manufacturing
Authors: Yadekar Yaser  , Shehab Essam  , Mehnen Jorn
Published: February 2025

The use of new technologies in information systems and advanced networks has allowed the manufacturing industry to apply new, complex manufacturing systems based on advanced networks and new computing technologies. Cloud Manufacturing, as a new paradigm, is continuously gaining attention by academics and industry. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the concept of Cloud Manufacturing, its implementation and – in particular – the uncertainties coming with this new technology. This paper focuses on defining and evaluating uncertainties in Cloud Manufacturing, provides a list of identified uncertainties and proposes uncertainty management for Cloud Manufacturing.
Security Model and Analysis of Digital Products Online Logistics
Authors: Lv Junjie  , Zhao Chen  , Yu Min  , Sun Shuangshuang  , He Mingke
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, digital product online logistics has become an essential part of people's daily life. While online logistics proves to be a convenience and efficient service, it poses potential risk to information security. In this paper, we focus on improving information security of digital products online logistics. The stochastic game nets is employed to simulate online logistics and the behavior of attackers and defenders in order to discover and solve potential safety risks. The authors have conceived a novel scheme for digital products transportation over the internet which has higher level of security.
Collateral Damage of Counter-terrorism Measures and the Inevitable Consequence of the Social Exclusion and Marginalization of Vulnerable Groups
Authors: Chin Vivienne
Published: February 2025

The marginalization, alienation and sometimes victimization of whole communities, and the resulting perception of discrimination and injustice, can help justify and rationalize extremist beliefs. They can also render a whole community vulnerable to exploitation by radical elements and unable to defend itself. Among these factors, one finds the differential social and psychological impact of various counter-terrorism measures on the marginalized groups. Too little attention has been paid to the unintended impact on these vulnerable groups, diasporas, immigrants and other minority groups of the various measures taken to combat terrorism and counter-radicalization measures. Some communities are held hostage by criminal or radical groups, living under constant fear and intimidation. The counter-terrorism measures favoured by the State rarely extend to offering effective protection to these communities against the radical elements hiding within them. This paper considers these issues as well as available research on effective strategies, including broad inclusion programmes, to protect and support vulnerable groups whose youth are at risk of exclusion and marginalization.
The Participation of Azerbaijan Citizens in Conflicts in Syria and Iraq and its Potential Radicalization Effect in Azerbaijan
Authors: Ibrahimov Rovshan
Published: February 2025

Developments in Syria and Iraq have stirred up not only these countries, but also the entire region. Despite the fact that Azerbaijan is not in close proximity to these countries and has no common border with them, it is also affected by the impact of these events. However, the effect is of a somewhat different nature. To some degree this impact, at least at the community level was relatively marginal. Some Azerbaijani citizens belonging to the radical groups are actively involved in military operations in Syria and Iraq, joining the ranks of the Syrian opposition and the ISID. The purpose of this paper is to examine the causes of this phenomenon, its origins, and its possible consequences.
Theoretical Model and Application for Leakage Field of Ferromagnetic Components with Defects
Authors: Sun Le  , Liu Xin-En  , Wan Qiang  , Niu Hong-Pan
Published: February 2025

Magnetic dipole model is a kind of important method for studying magnetic leakage of ferromagnetic components with defects. In this paper, an elliptic cylinder magnetic dipole model is represented. Some magnetic leakage features of typical defects, such as crack, hole, pit and slot, which are normal to surface of components are studied by the using model. In addition, the coordinate conversion method is combined with the model to study magnetic leakage features in case that defects slope an angle to the component surface. Theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental ones. It provides a method and model to process magnetic leakage signal in order to identify and evaluate defects for ferromagnetic components.
Fusion of Multiple Parameters of Magnetic Testing Results for Damage Assessment of Loaded Steel Structures
Authors: Psuj Grzegorz
Published: February 2025

In this paper, in order to increase the reliability of damage assessment in steel elements, a multiple parameters data fusion approach was performed. Results of examination of stress loaded steel samples obtained by Barkhausen noise and AC magnetization method was utilized. Several parameters of measured signals were considered in order to define feature vector corresponding to the damage state of the material. Finally, the collected parameters sets were supplied to the data processing and fusion procedures allowing damage state assessment.
Plastic Stress Influences on the Magnetization of Ferromagnetic Steel in Geomagnetic field
Authors: Li Hongmei  , Zhang Dongli  , Tian Shuxia  , Li Yong
Published: February 2025

To explore the influences of plastic stress and residual stress on the magnetization of ferromagnetic steel in geomagnetic field, series of experiments and analyses are conducted in this paper. Two different types of specimens made of Q195 carbon steel with/without initial geometric discontinuities are manufactured. Various plastic tensile stresses are introduced into the specimens and the corresponding applied stresses, deformation distributions and residual magnetic fields of specimens are measured. The gradients of the residual magnetic field of the specimens are computed and the relationship between the residual magnetic field and the plastic loading stress is summarized. It is concluded that the intensity of magnetization of ferromagnetic steel in geomagnetic field increases with the plastic stress, but scattered by the dislocation. The influences of residual stress on the magnetization of ferromagnetic steel are not significant in the geomagnetic field.
Error Correcting Quantum Codes and Algebraic Curves
Authors: Elezi Artur
Published: February 2025

The goal of this paper is twofold. First, to provide a self contained, detailed and rigorous mathematical introduction to some aspects of the quantum error-correcting codes and especially quantum stabilizer codes and their connection to self-orthogonal linear codes. This has been done without venturing that much, if at all, into the world of physics. While most of the results presented are not new, it is not easy to extract a precise mathematical formulation of results and to provide their rigorous proofs by reading the vast number of papers in the field, quite a few of which are written by computer scientists or physicists. It is this formulation and proofs, some of which are new, that we present here. Techniques from algebra of finite fields as well as representations of finite abelian groups have been employed. The second goal is the construction of some stabilizer codes via self-orthogonal linear codes associated to algebraic curves.
A Social Knowledge Network-Based Intelligent Framework for Finding Right Persons in OKCs
Authors: Wu Pengfei  , Yu Shengquan
Published: February 2025

With the rapid expanding of learning content resources and users, it is difficult for learners to find right persons they need as knowledge experts and learning peers in open knowledge communities (OKCs) using traditional search engines. According to this situation, the paper presents a social knowledge network-based intelligent framework for finding right persons in OKCs. The architectural details of the framework are proposed in this paper. The authors expound the idea of the intelligent framework design, the work principle and mechanism of each module.
OSCase: A data scheme for transfer of Web based Virtual Patients to OpenSim
Authors: Antoniou Panagiotis E.  , Ioannidis Lazaros  , Bamidis Panagiotis D.
Published: February 2025

Experiential game based learning has proven effective at engaging and enabling learners especially in medical education where the volume of the curriculum is as severe as its criticality. A mature and promising ICT tool for medical education is the Virtual Patient (VP). Web-based virtual patients have been established for quite some time, while efforts have been made to create content in multi user virtual environments (MUVEs). What is still missing is a streamlined method for transferring VPs from Web-based authoring and deployment platforms to MUVEs like OpenSim. This work describes the existing implementation context for repurposing VPs in the OS MUVE. Then it focuses on a novel OpenSim Case Datascheme (OSCase) that facilitates this streamlined transfer according to previous repurposing strategies and efforts. Finally the future directions and the place of this work in the wider context of contemporary Virtual Learning Environments is explored.
The GhostHands UX: telementoring with hands-on augmented reality instruction
Authors: Scavo Giuseppe  , Wild Fridolin  , Scott Peter
Published: February 2025

Augmented Reality is providing a whole new set of possibilities to improve proficiency and safety on the workplace and reduce costs during training, in particular in manufacturing and automotive industries. Among the applications developed to support workers on the shop floor, telementoring plays a leading role as a demonstrator of the capabilities of AR in industry. This paper explores the user experience of telementoring via GhostHands – the use of a virtual model of a mentor's real hands, appearing in a workers full AR view of a work task. The mentor can see the workers view ‘through their eyes’ and can place their GhostHands into that view. Both worker and mentor appear to cope with this ‘ghost assisted’ experience very well, and recognise a sense of joint accomplishment from the cues that the hands embody in completing a task.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia
Authors: Echávarri Carmen  , Burgmans Saartje  , Uylings Harry  , Cuesta Manuel J.  , Peralta Victor  , Kamphorst Wouter  , Rozemuller Annemieke J.M.  , Verhey Frans R.J.
Published: February 2025

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) have a large impact on the quality of life of patients with dementia. A few studies have compared neuropsychiatric disturbances between dementia subtypes, but the results were conflicting. In the present study, we investigated whether the prevalence of NPSs differs between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). The merit of our study is that we used clinical as well as histopathological information to differentiate between dementia subtypes. This retrospective descriptive study comprised 80 brains obtained from donors to the Netherlands Brain Bank between 1984 and 2010. These donors were diagnosed postmortem with AD (n =40) or VaD (n=40). We assessed the presence of NPSs by reviewing the information found in the patients' medical files. The most prevalent symptom in the sample as a whole was agitation (45 cases, 57.0%), followed by depression (33, 41.2%) and anxiety (28, 35.4%). Our study tried to contribute to the discussion by including, for the first time in the literature, a sample of AD and VaD patients with neuropathologically confirmed diagnoses. Since no significant differences were found between AD and VaD patients, we suggest that the prevalence of NPSs cannot be predicted from the diagnosis of AD or VaD.
Engineering Collaboration in Mechatronic Product Development
Authors: Bondar Sergej  , Bouwhuis Henry  , Stjepandić Josip
Published: February 2025

Sensata Technologies Holding N.V., a global industrial technology company, is a leader in the development, manufacture and sale of sensors and controls. It produces a wide range of customized, innovative sensors and controls for mission critical applications such as thermal circuit breakers in aircraft, pressure sensors in automotive systems, and bimetal current and temperature control devices in electric motors. Business centers and manufacturing sites in twelve countries are involved in the engineering process for over 50 OEMs all over the world. Providing that the engineered data is delivered to the recipient in the right format, quality and time is crucial in the collaboration between Sensata and its customer. As the numbers of partners and CAD systems (which differ by releases) expand the complexity exponentially, a direct transfer and translation service resembles a big challenge for Sensata's IT. Not to mention that know-how protection is becoming increasingly important and is usually a part of the exchange process. Sensata has tackled the challenge by establishing a focal point of data exchange and translation (including a knowledge protection process), which can be controlled in an easy way to ensure that the compliance of Sensata is kept. The OpenDESC.com service, utilized by Sensata as the focal point of data exchange and translation, is capable of sending data to all Sensata partners, ensuring the desired translation and knowledge protection settings and standards are set to the newest releases. By this Sensata is independent from the standards and tools their partners use. Therefore a partner's transition to JT or other formats does not affect the engineering process at Sensata, which leads to large efficiency and quality gains and cost savings. This paper describes the requirements in the engineering collaboration of mechatronic product development and implemented solution.
Big Data Technologies
Authors: Kunze Marcel
Published: February 2025

This position paper addresses the technical foundation and non-technical framework of Big Data. A new era of data analytics promises tremendous value on the basis of cloud computing technology. Can our models scale to rapidly growing data? Can we perform predictive analytics in real-time? How do we efficiently deal with bad data? Some practical examples as well as open research questions are discussed.
The Radicalization of American Lone Wolves in Real/Reel Worlds: Strategically Mapping the Role of the Internet, and Beyond, in the Cases of Colleen LaRose (Jihad Jane) and the Tsarnaev Brothers (the Boston Marathon Bombers)
Authors: Picart Caroline Joan S.
Published: February 2025

With the success of the crackdown on traditional terrorist cells, terrorism has evolved to generate “self-activating” terrorists. That shift has been openly acknowledged by the Obama administration. Lone wolf terrorists are perceived as particularly dangerous for a number of reasons: their ability to think outside the box; their looser affiliation with organized terrorist movements, making their movements harder to track, anticipate, or arrest, and their decisions regarding the level of violence they wish to achieve unconstrained by the desire not to alienate supporters; and their easy access to self-radicalizing material and technologies of mass violence (Spaaij, 2012; Simon, 2013).
The Relationship between International Terrorism and Terrorism in North Africa
Authors: Soliman Abdel Mohsen
Published: February 2025

Terrorism is the unlawful, or threatened, use of violence against individuals or property to coerce and intimidate governments or societies for political objectives. More often than not the inevitable political objectives are couched in social, economic or religious terms. Terrorism is distinguished from common law crimes and other offences because the motivation is not for financial gain but a distinction critical in distinguishing terrorism from other organized criminal behavior. The physical targets for a terrorist attack may vary from state to state, from time to time, from attack to attack and would take into consideration the vigilance or relaxation of anti-terrorist measures related to potential targets. International terrorism has become the most serious threat to global peace, security and development. This unfortunate reality, along with all its manifestations around the world, and particularly in North Africa, undermine the most cherished values and fundamental principles of the 21st Century including development, democracy, human rights and freedom. North Africa is a region of growing importance in global efforts to counter terrorism. For the last decade, a significant number of terrorist attacks and operations have occurred in North Africa. In a region awash with weapons, human and drug trafficking and political unrest, North Africa has become a hot spot for terrorism. The main terrorist threat in this region arises from al Qaeda and the inability of African states to control their territory and to protect potential targets from terrorist assaults.
Impedance pneumography for ambulatory assessment of obstructive respiratory diseases
Authors: Seppä Ville-Pekka  , Hyttinen Jari  , Viik Jari
Published: February 2025

Obstructive respiratory diseases such as asthma feature time-variation in presence of symptoms. For example in asthma there is typically a decline in lung function during night. Due to methodological limitations of current lung function measurement methods this fundamental variation has been difficult to quantify, especially in young children and infants. In this chapter, a recently proposed wearable lung function assessment method based on impedance pneumography is presented. The physiological and technical theoretical background, and technical advancements and clinical studies are discussed. In light of current clinical information, the proposed solution may have clinical value for assessment of obstructive respiratory diseases, especially because it enables assessing lung function in a continuous real-life setting.
Principles of Sustainability and their Applications in Geotechnical Engineering
Authors: Basu Dipanjan  , Puppala Anand J.
Published: February 2025

The paper presents an overview of the concepts and philosophies of sustainability and connects it to the practice of geotechnical engineering. The definitions, philosophies, and principles behind sustainability and its development are presented along with a historical perspective. How sustainability is incorporated in engineering practice is discussed next. Finally, the scope of sustainability in geotechnical engineering is outlined and sustainable practices in geotechnical engineering are described with real field examples demonstrating utilization of recycled materials.
Mining Method, Stope Design and Mining Sequence for Inmaculada Mine
Authors: Samaniego Antonio  , Góngora V.  , Cabello O.
Published: February 2025

Inmaculada Mining Project, located in the south of the Peruvian Andes (4500 metres above sea level), in the department of Ayacucho, mainly operates its Angela Vein which has silver and gold mineralisation. The vein dips 60° towards the southeast, and measures 2 kilometres long, has a height of 200 to 400 metres and a thickness ranging from 2 to 15 metres.
Constitutive Model Input Parameters for Numerical Analyses of Geotechnical Problems: An In-Situ Testing Case Study
Authors: Cox Crystal  , Mayne Paul
Published: February 2025

Numerical modeling and finite element analyses are increasingly becoming cost effective methods for assessing geotechnical problems. The use of in-situ testing methods, notably the SDMT, along with stiffness reduction approaches utilizing G-γ curves are used to obtain stiffness related input parameters for numerical modeling. This paper presents the steps used to obtain stiffness parameters based on shear wave velocity measurements taken from SCPTu and DMT data and presents a case study of a monitored embankment.
Measurement and Application of Shear Wave Velocity to Various Geotechnical Problems
Authors: Kim Dong-Soo  , Park Heon-Joon  , Cho Hyung-Ik
Published: February 2025

The shear wave velocity (Vs), which is directly related to the small strain shear modulus, Gmax , can be measured by both field and laboratory tests and has a great potential in applications to various geotechnical problems. Soil exhibit nonlinear stress-strain behavior from very small strains and the reliable strain dependent modulus is usually determined by combining Gmax obtained from field seismic test and G/Gmax curve from the laboratory test. Therefore, the Vs is a key soil parameter for the deformation analysis of geotechnical structures. In this paper, the advantages of using Vs in geotechnical applications are discussed. The main features of various intrusive and non-intrusive Vs measuring techniques in the field, resonant column, torsional shear and bender element tests in the laboratory, and bender tomography in centrifuge model are summarized. Test results obtained by various field tests, laboratory element tests, and centrifuge models are compared and critically discussed considering parameters affecting soil stiffness as well as reliability of the test results. The Vshas been traditionally applied to earthquake related problems but its use has expanded to cover even the static deformation analysis problems. In this study, three cases of using Vsto geotechnical problems are introduced: (1) Evaluation of Kovalue using Vsin centrifuge model, (2) settlement prediction of shallow foundation using Vsprofile, and (3) evaluation of ground improvement and densification using Vs. The background theory, procedure, laboratory and field tests, physical modeling, and case studies for each application are discussed.
Hydro-Mechanical Behaviour of Shales
Authors: Laloui Lyesse  , Ferrari Alessio  , Favero Valentina
Published: February 2025

The geomechanical behaviour of shales is quickly becoming one of the most important issues in modern geomechanics, largely driven by the geological storage of nuclear waste, the extraction of shale gas and the sequestration of CO2. In this context, fundamental issues come along with the complex multiphysical conditions and a deep understanding of the hydro-mechanical behaviour of shales becomes of primary significance. In this paper selected results on the high pressure oedometric compression behaviour and on the water retention behaviour of shales are presented and discussed.
Advanced Testing and modelling of Granular materials with and without viscous glue: Research and practical implication – The third Bishop Lecture
Authors: Di Benedetto Hervé
Published: February 2025

This lecture presents an overview of some of the results obtained by the author's team on the mechanical behaviour of unbound granular materials (UGM) and bituminous mixtures (BM). Experimental advanced devices and obtained results, rheological modelling and calculation of practical cases are proposed. Linear and non-linear domains of behaviour are considered including viscous and therrmal effects. A unified framework allowing describing complex behaviour of geomaterials is proposed.
Study of the mechanical behavior of unsaturated argillaceous rocks
Authors: Espitia Jairo  , Caicedo Bernardo
Published: February 2025

This paper study the influence of water content on the mechanical behavior and failure process of an unsaturated argillaceous rock. For this, uniaxial compression tests with acoustic emission recording were conducted on specimens at different levels of relative humidity. Results indicate that uniaxial compressive strength and the elastic modulus increases with a reduction in the water content. Additionally, rock moisture seems to influence the volumetric deformation. Analyzing the volumetric stress-strain curves in conjunction with acoustic emission technique was possible to identify the crack initiation and damage stress thresholds at different values of relative humidity.
3D Experimental Characterization of Particle Rotation and Local Dilatancy in Angular Sand
Authors: Alshibli Khalid  , Druckrey Andrew M.  , Jarrar Maha  , Al-Raoush Riyadh I.
Published: February 2025

Particle-to-particle interaction plays a major role in characterizing shear strength and deformation characteristics of granular materials. This paper presents an experimental measurement of particle kinematic behavior for very angular sand tested under axisymmetric triaxial loading condition. Synchrotron micro-computed tomography (SMT) technique was used to acquire 3D images of the specimen at 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12% axial strain levels. The results of the analysis showed that some particles rotated more than 20ofrom the loading direction with a higher rotation about the short diameter of the particle than its long diameter. A definition of local strain and dilatancy based on particle displacement field is adopted from [1] and applied in this paper. There is a high variation in local dilatancy distribution where some particle groups exhibited high dilatancy angles while others showed negligible dilation or contractive behavior.
Validation of Contact Model between Two Cylindrical Rods and DEM Simulations of Biaxial Tests on a Rod Packing
Authors: Li Zhaofeng  , Wang Yu-Hsing  , Li Xia
Published: February 2025

Elastic theory has demonstrated that the contact behavior between cylindrical rods with parallel axes is a shape, size and supporting-way dependent problem. In the 2D discrete element method (DEM) simulation, the most commonly used contact models (i.e., the Hertz-Mindlin model and linear model) do not accurately describe the force-displacement relationship of cylindrical contact. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to obtain a more precise solution of cylindrical contact model based on the elastic theory and finite element analysis (PEA), and then to incorporate the model into a 2D DEM simulation. In this study, the normal force-displacement (NFD) model follows the classic theory where a cylinder is subjected to a diametrically opposite force, while the associated tangential force-displacement (TFD) model is derived from the relationship between normal and tangential compliances under plane-strain condition. FEA verified the proposed model by utilizing the commercial FE software, ABAQUS. This FEA-validated contact model is implemented in the open-source DEM software OVAL. Two DEM simulations of biaxial tests on a rod packing using the FEA-validated contact model and linearly approximated contact model are carried out, respectively. Due to the similarity at the contact level, both samples have comparable stress-strain and volumetric responses.
Study of the effect of drainage conditions on cone penetration with the Material Point Method
Authors: Ceccato Francesca  , Beuth Lars  , Simonini Paolo
Published: February 2025

Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) is a widely used in situ soil testing technique which allows to estimate soil stratigraphy and various soil parameters. Depending on the soil's consolidation coefficient, undrained, partially drained or drained conditions might occur. Partially drained conditions are commonly encountered in soils such as silt and sand-clay mixtures. Correlations between CPT measurements and soil properties are usually only valid for fully drained or fully undrained conditions which may lead to inaccurate estimates of the properties of silty soils. This paper aims at improving the understanding of the penetration process in different drainage conditions through advanced numerical analyses. A two-phase Material Point Method is applied to simulate the large soil deformations and the generation and dissipation of excess pore pressures that occur during penetration. The constitutive behavior of the soil is modelled with the Modified Cam Clay model. The implemented MPM formulation is validated by comparing numerical results with the results of centrifuge tests under different drainage conditions.
A non-linear poroelastic approach to rate effects on piezocone tests in tailings materials
Authors: Dienstmann Gracieli  , Maghous Samir  , Schnaid Fernando
Published: February 2025

An analytical poroelastic model is briefly presented and applied in the present paper to analyze the rate effects during the execution of in situ tests (e.g. piezocone test) in silty materials. The study is based upon a simplified poromechanics analysis for the expansion and subsequent consolidation of a rigid cylinder deeply embedded within an isotropic non-linear elastic medium of infinite extent. The pore pressure characterization is defined according the Biot generalized theory of effective stresses. Typical results are compared to numerical solutions showing good agreement in terms of radial distributions of stresses and pore pressure. The suitability of employing the proposed poroelastic equations to the interpretation of piezocone tests executed in gold tailings is considered in some detail.
The theory of granular packings and the strength of coarse soils
Authors: Yanqui Calixtro
Published: February 2025

The various and careful experiments performed to find the shear strength have shown that there is a value called “critical void ratio” for each granular soil, toward which it tends, being dense or loose. In this paper, the soil assemblage is represented by an ideal packing of spheres, which inherently admits two states, one dilative and other contractive. This duality and the Casagrande's diagram that relates the void ratio with the shear strength are the basis to establish the parameters of the packing at the critical state, as well as the physically possible packings for a dense and a loose soil. Furthermore, in regards to the Trollope's hypothesis of the centroidal reactions, and recent experiments, chains of forces of contact between grains are used to describe the transmission of stresses in soils at dense state. Under this hypothesis, the kinematics and the statics of the dilative packings yield the fundamental relationship between the initial void ratio and the peak angle of friction. On the other hand, in soils at loose state, the deformation is contractive, and occurs by a sliding of the grains, and stresses are transmitted through the Rowe's shear mechanism, following the laws of the slip lines theory. So that, for this state, the angle of friction is constant and equals the critical friction angle. A good correspondence between the results of the theory and the reported experimental data is shown.
Strain localization characteristics of liquefied sands in undrained cyclic torsional shear tests
Authors: Chiaro Gabriele  , Kiyota Takashi  , Koseki Junichi
Published: February 2025

In this paper, results of undrained torsional shear tests on Toyoura sand, Urayasu boiled sand and Christchurch boiled sand specimens were examined to evaluate and clarify the combined effects of key factors (i.e. density, mean effective stress, cyclic and static shear stresses) on the limiting value of shear strain at which strain localization (i.e. shear band formation) appears in liquefied sandy soils. All tests were conducted on fully-saturated medium-size hollow cylindrical specimens (H=300 mm, Dout=150 mm and Din=90 mm), which were prepared by air-pluviation method, thus producing a sand fabric with horizontal bedding planes. A state-of-the-art torsional shear apparatus was used to achieve a single amplitude shear strain level of 50%. Non-uniform specimen deformation was clearly observed in all tests and shear strain level to initiate strain localization could be methodically determined from test results based on the change in deviator stress properties during cyclic loading.
Influence of Shearing Rate on Residual Strength of Clays
Authors: Sorensen Kenny Kataoka  , Gadegaard Simon Steen  , Nielsen Jonas Kragh
Published: February 2025

In this study a series of multiple-reversal direct shear tests have been conducted with the aim to characterize the shear strength response of various clays to step-changes in rate of shearing at residual state. Three different natural undisturbed specimens of clay and additionally a reconstituted specimen of kaolin clay have been tested. The tested clays range from low plasticity to extremely high plasticity clays with liquid limits ranging from approximately 30 % to above 100 %. The stress-strain response of low plasticity clay is found to be characterized by a pronounced temporary effect of strain rate changes at residual state. As the plasticity of the clay increases, the response to rate changes is seen to change, so persistent positive effects of rate changes starts to dominate the behaviour, while temporary effects become less evident. High plasticity clays are characterised by a positive persistent response to rate changes with no temporary effects of strain rate changes at horizontal displacement rates greater than 0.2 mm/hr. The results are discussed and compared to findings from the literature.
More may be Better, Perhaps: Nuclear Weapons, Proliferation, and International Politics in the Post-global Age
Authors: Bozzo Luciano
Published: February 2025

After being pushed into the background of the academic discussion on the evolution of the post-bipolar international politics, the debate over the role of nuclear weapons and the effects of their proliferation has partially revived in the recent months, following the signing of the agreement with Iran and the armed confrontation in the eastern regions of Ukraine. This article reviews the most prominent scholarly contributions on classical nuclear deterrence theory and sheds light on the new challenges of nuclear proliferation in contemporary international politics. In the post-global international system the old central axis of the system has been substituted by less stable relations both at global and regional levels. Today state and non-state actors involved in nuclear relations belong to different ‘civilizations’, and the traditional deterrence exercised by states toward non-state actors may be totally ineffective, given that de-territorialised and transnational terrorist organizations are impermeable to conventional nuclear threats. In this complex environment, the nuclear non-proliferation regime created during the Cold War looks manifestly inadequate to face the new challenges, and its main pillar, the NPT, is subject to many pressures that could lead to its collapse.
Nuclear Safety and Nuclear Security
Authors: Padoani Franca
Published: February 2025

This article describes the recent legal frameworks adopted both in the United States and in Europe toward the concept of nuclear safety, security and safeguards. The article focuses on the activity of the IAEA, which promoted several initiatives regarding nuclear security and safety. It explores the safety and security interface during an emergency, taking into consideration the practice of Joint safety-security exercises and the implications of the Fukushima Daiichi accident in 2011. In conclusion, the article explores how the nexus between nuclear security and nuclear safety emerged in the Nuclear Security Summit.
Lapedo: Hybrid Skeletons for Programming Heterogeneous Multicore Machines in Erlang
Authors: Janjic Vladimir  , Brown Christopher  , Hammond Kevin
Published: February 2025

We describe Lapedo, a novel library of hybrid parallel skeletons for programming heterogeneous multi-core/many-core CPU/GPU systems in Erlang. Lapedo's skeletons comprise a mixture of CPU and GPU components, allowing skeletons to be flexibly and dynamically mapped to available resources, with all of the low-level tedious code to divide work between CPUs and GPUs, transfer the data between the main and GPU memory and offload computations to the GPUs provided by the library. We evaluate the effectiveness of Lapedo on three realistic use cases from different domains, demonstrating significant improvements in speedups compared to CPU-only and GPU-only executions.
Hierarchical Parallelism in a Physical Modelling Synthesis Code
Authors: Perry James  , Bilbao Stefan  , Torin Alberto
Published: February 2025

Modern computer hardware provides parallelism at various different levels – most obviously, multiple multicore processors allow many independent threads to execute at once. At a finer-grained level, each core contains a vector unit allowing multiple integer or floating point calculations to be performed with a single instruction. Additionally, GPU hardware is highly parallel and performs best when processing large numbers of independent threads. At the same time, tools such as CUDA have become steadily more abundant and mature, allowing more of this parallelism to be exploited.
Active Packet Pacing as a Congestion Avoidance Technique in Interconnection Network
Authors: Shibamura Hidetomo
Published: February 2025

A congestion avoidance technique using active packet pacing for interconnection network is presented. In this technique, communication packets are sent intermittently by adjusting the inter-packet gap in order to match up packet flows precisely. Therefore the network congestion is avoided. The gap is pre-calculated for each communication according to the communication hop, and the value is explicitly passed to a sending function. Performance evaluations for some collective communications were performed by using an interconnect simulator and a benchmark program was executed on an actual machine. Finally, the scalability and effectiveness of packet pacing in interconnection network were confirmed.
FPGA Port of a Large Scientific Model from Legacy Code: The Emanuel Convection Scheme
Authors: Hentschel Kristian Thorin  , Vanderbauwhede Wim  , Nabi Syed Waqar
Published: February 2025

The potential of FPGAs for High-Performance Computing is increasingly recognized, but most work focuses on acceleration of small, isolated kernels. We present a parallel FPGA implementation of a legacy algorithm, the seminal scheme for cumulus convection in large-scale models developed by Emanuel [1]. Our design makes use of pipelines both at the arithmetic and at the logical stage level, keeping the entire algorithm on the FPGA. We assert that modern FPGAs have the resources to support this type of large algorithms. Through a practical and theoretical evaluation of our design we show how such an FPGA implementation compares to GPU implementations or multi-core approaches such as OpenMP.
ParaFPGA15: Exploring threads and trends in programmable hardware
Authors: D'Hollander Erik H.  , Stroobandt Dirk  , Touhafi Abdellah
Published: February 2025

The symposium ParaFPGA focuses on parallel techniques using FPGAs as accelerator in high performance computing. The green computing aspects of low power consumption at high performance were somewhat tempered by long design cycles and hard programmability issues. However, in recent years FPGAs have become new contenders as versatile compute accelerators because of a growing market interest, extended application domains and maturing high-level synthesis tools. The keynote paper highlights the historical and modern approaches to high-level FPGA programming and the contributions cover applications such as NP-complete satisfiability problems and convex hull image processing as well as performance evaluation, partial reconfiguration and systematic design exploration.
Compiling for Resilience: the Performance Gap
Authors: Rink Norman A.  , Kuvaiskii Dmitrii  , Castrillon Jeronimo  , Fetzer Christof
Published: February 2025

In order to perform reliable computations on unreliable hardware, software-based protection mechanisms have been proposed. In this paper we present a compiler infrastructure for software-based code hardening based on encoding. We analyze the trade-off between performance and fault coverage. We look at different code generation strategies that improve the performance of hardened programs by up to 2x while incurring little fault coverage degradation.
Extreme-scaling Applications 24/7 on JUQUEEN Blue Gene/Q
Authors: Brömmel Dirk  , Frings Wolfgang  , Wylie Brian J.N.
Published: February 2025

Jülich Supercomputing Centre has offered Extreme Scaling Workshops since 2009, with the latest edition in February 2015 giving seven international code teams an opportunity to (im)prove the scaling of their applications to all 458752 cores of the JUQUEEN IBM BlueGene/Q. Each of them successfully adapted their application codes and datasets to the restricted compute-node memory and exploit the massive parallelism with up to 1.8 million processes or threads. They thereby qualified to become members of the High-Q Club which now has over 24 codes demonstrating extreme scalability. Achievements in both strong and weak scaling are compared, and complemented with a review of program languages and parallelisation paradigms, exploitation of hardware threads, and file I/O requirements.
Evaluating OpenMP Performance on Thousands of Cores on the Numascale Architecture
Authors: Schmidl Dirk  , Vesterkjær Atle  , Müller Matthias S.
Published: February 2025

The company Numascale is one of the few companies offering shared memory systems with thousands of cores. To produce machines of such a size, a proprietary cache-coherent interconnect is used to couple standard servers into a large single system. In this work we investigate the ability of such a huge system to run OpenMP applications in an efficient way. Therefore, we use kernel benchmarks to investigate basic performance characteristics of the machine and we present a real world application from the Institute of Combustion Technology at RWTH Aachen University, called TrajSearch, which has been optimized to run efficient on such a large shared memory machine.
Formal Models for Analyzing Security Protocols: Some Lecture Notes
Authors: Cortier Véronique  , Kremer Steve
Published: February 2025

Security protocols are distributed programs that aim at securing communications by the means of cryptography. They are for instance used to secure electronic payments, home banking and more recently electronic elections. Given the financial and societal impact in case of failure, and the long history of design flaws in such protocols, formal verification is a necessity. A major difference from other safety critical systems is that the properties of security protocols must hold in the presence of an arbitrary adversary. The aim of these notes is to provide a tutorial to some modern approaches for formally modeling protocols, their goals and automatically verifying them.
New Approach to Mechanical Tension Measurement in Ferromagnetic Materials Using Non-Contact Impulse Magnetoelastic Method
Authors: Fabo Peter  , Faktorová Dagmar  , Savin Adriana
Published: February 2025

The classical determination of electromagnetic ferromagnetic material parameters calls for the measurement of the hysteresis loop by means of a standard arrangement consisting from the primary excitation winding, secondary coil and integrator. At a repeated or longer measurement the magnetoelastic parameters of the measured material are influenced by the joule heat, generated by the current in the primary coil. The topic of the paper is a description of the equipment using impulse magnetic field for the determination of magnetoelastic parameters of the tested material. At the impulse excitation of the primary coil it is possible to reach fundamentally higher values of the magnetic field intensity, the material can be magnetized in the situation with a high saturation, and by an act of it to eliminate memory effects of the magnetic hysteresis loop. Since the mean value of the excitation current is fundamentally lower as at the standard measurement, there is at the same time eliminated the thermal influence of the measured material. In the range of high saturations it is possible to approximate the course of the magnetic induction by the exponential course and the limit value to use as a reference point for the determination of possibilities of the impulse magnetoelastic method and its limitations at the practical use, the requirements for materials and the application possibilities at an application of the method in industry and construction industry.
Single Chip Impedance Analyzer for Non-Destructive Eddy Current Testing
Authors: Faktorová Dagmar  , Fabo Peter  , Pápežová Mária  , Savin Adriana  , Steigmann Rosina  , Iftimie Nicoleta
Published: February 2025

In the paper are presented extensions and modifications of the single chip impedance analysers AD5933 and AD5934 for the use in the applications utilizing eddy currents for non-destructive testing. For measurements in a wide frequency band with different probe types it is necessary to extend the standard circuit connection by an precise source of the reference frequency, power amplifier with the low output impedance in the whole frequency band, calibration circuits and an precise current voltage (I/V) converter. Probes with different connection configuration and input impedances were studied for the evaluation of the single chip impedance analyser properties. For the process control was used 32-bit processor ARM Cortex M3 with the possibility of the transmission of measured data to a PC for the further processing and analysis. The control software serves for the base analysis and visualisation of impedance diagrams in the frequency band from 10 Hz up to 100 kHz.
Coordinate Transformation based on Differential Geometry for Modeling of U-Shaped Tubes
Authors: Tamburrino Antonello  , Mukherjee Saptarshi  , Udpa Lalita  , Udpa Satish
Published: February 2025

U-bend sections are critical parts of steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants. Efficient and accurate numerical modeling of eddy current inspection of U-bend section is non-trivial, time consuming and computationally intensive. The co-variant nature of Maxwell equations can be exploited to circumvent these issues by efficient change of spatial coordinates. In this contribution, co-ordinate transformation is introduced for simulating eddy current testing of U-bend tube sections. Cross-validation between the numerical computations carried out using the standard Cartesian coordinates and the transformed coordinates are presented.
Rethinking identities and dialogue in conflict transformation
Authors: Lehti Marko
Published: February 2025

This chapter argues that identity related questions have so far been ignored in conflict resolution practices, but, because antagonistic identities constitute the main obstacle for achieving sustainable peace, finding a way to facilitate identities is essential. This would require rethinking the whole conflict resolution process, with an emphasis on transformation rather than on resolution. Furthermore, instead of interest-based negotiation, switching the emphasis to conflict transformation would also call for seeking out new forms of problem-finding dialogue which would enable the transformation of identities, collective memories, and narratives of the past.