bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonoperative Treatment of Large (5–7 cm), Node-Negative Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Commonly Deviates From NCCN Guidelines
Authors: Schneider Craig S. , Oster Robert A. , Hegde Aparna , Dobelbower Michael C. , Stahl John M. , Kole Adam J.
Published: October 2021

Background: Optimal treatment of nonoperative patients with large, node-negative non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly defined. Current NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) recommend definitive radiotherapy (RT) with or without sequential chemotherapy and do not include concurrent chemoradiotherapy (chemoRT) as a treatment option. In this study, we identified factors that predict nonadherence to NCCN Guidelines. Patients and Methods: Patients who received definitive RT for nonmetastatic, node-negative NSCLC with tumor size of 5 to 7 cm were identified in the National Cancer Database from 2004 through 2016. Patients were evaluated by RT type (stereotactic body RT [SBRT], hypofractionated RT [HFRT], or conventionally fractionated RT [CFRT]) and chemotherapy use (none, sequential, or concurrent with RT). Patients were classified as receiving NCCN-adherent (RT with or without sequential chemotherapy) or NCCN-nonadherent (concurrent chemoRT) treatment. Demographic and clinical factors were assessed with logistic regression modeling. Overall survival was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, and univariable/multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Results: Among 2,020 patients in our cohort, 32% received NCCN-nonadherent concurrent chemoRT, whereas others received NCCN-adherent RT alone (51%) or sequential RT and chemotherapy (17%). CFRT was most widely used (64% CFRT vs 22% SBRT vs 14% HFRT). Multivariable analysis revealed multiple factors to be associated with NCCN-nonadherent chemoRT: age ≤70 versus >70 years (odds ratio [OR] , 2.72; P<.001), treatment at a nonacademic facility (OR, 1.65; P<.001), and tumor size 6 to 7 cm versus 5 to 6 cm (OR, 1.27; P=.026). Survival was similar between the NCCN-nonadherent chemoRT and NCCN-adherent groups (hazard ratio, 1.00; P=.992) in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of inoperable patients with large, node-negative NSCLC are not treated according to NCCN Guidelines and receive concurrent chemoRT. Younger patients with larger tumors receiving treatment at nonacademic medical centers were more likely to receive NCCN-nonadherent therapy, but adherence to NCCN Guidelines was not associated with differences in overall survival.
El poder de la imagen escrita: símbolos y emblemas para los triunfos del santo oficio peruano
Authors: Cazalla Canto Silvia
Published: October 2021

En 1736 y 1737 el Tribunal de la Inquisición realizó en Lima dos autos de fe en los que ajusticiaron a distintos reos por comportamientos heterodoxos. Fruto de estas ceremonias nació una relación titulada Triunfos del Santo Oficio Peruano, que vio la luz en 1737 gracias a José Bermúdez de la Torre. Este texto se hace eco de diversos símbolos para reforzar los mensajes de carácter moral que transmite. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizarlos para profundizar en estas ideas, cuya finalidad es mostrar el poder de la Inquisición y de la monarquía española en América.
La resemantización del Bruto de David durante la Revolución Francesa: de propaganda monárquica a obra revolucionaria
Authors: Bellido Pérez Elena
Published: October 2021

Jacques-Louis David se involucró activamente con todos los poderes de la Francia de finales del siglo XVIII: pintó para el rey Luis XVI, para los jacobinos y para el emperador Napoleón. Sus contradicciones ideológicas tienen su razón de ser en la ambición profesional del artista, máximo representante del neoclasicismo, cuyo objetivo de acabar con la Academia lo llevó a las más altas esferas de la política revolucionaria. Del estudio de su obra Los lictores devuelven a Bruto los cadáveres de sus hijos se desprende tanto el viraje ideológico de David como el incipiente rol del artista independiente del cambio de siglo.
Les enjeux politiques du témoignage dans quelques essais de Claire Angelini
Authors: Péchenet Matthieu
Published: October 2021

Cet article met en avant quelques propositions théoriques à partir de l’étude d’une partie de l’oeuvre de Claire Angelini. C’est à l’aune de certaines créations de l’artiste que se trouve développée une réflexion sur les liens entre essai, intermédialité et témoignage. En se concentrant prioritairement sur les réflexions politiques de Walter Benjamin, l’article insiste sur les perspectives critiques du témoignage, au centre de la démarche de Claire Angelini.
Filip Müller : témoin, narrateur et figure
Authors: Villeneuve Johanne
Published: October 2021

Cet article propose d’examiner, dans une perspective intermédiale, les différentes phases du témoignage de Filip Müller, un rescapé du Sonderkommando d’Auschwitz-Birkenau, depuis son hospitalisation en 1946 jusqu’à sa présence dans le film de Claude Lanzmann, Shoah (1985). Müller livre son témoignage dans divers contextes et sous des formes médiatiques différentes (témoignage écrit ou livré oralement, enregistré, retranscrit, filmé). Ces formes sont à leur tour médiatisées et diffusées sur le Web. Elles constituent des archives dont nous sommes aujourd’hui les légataires.
Faire résonner les récits de vie : la plateforme numérique « Archives vivantes »
Authors: Lavorel Marie
Published: October 2021

Le Centre d’histoire orale et de récits numérisés (CHORN–COHDS) de l’Université Concordia, à Montréal, en collaboration avec l’Association des parents et amis des victimes du génocide contre les Tutsis du Rwanda (PAGE-Rwanda), représentant les survivants du génocide de 1994 vivant désormais à Montréal, ont décidé en 2016 de créer une plateforme numérique pour partager et explorer 28 interviews (vidéos) de survivants. Ce projet de recherche et de création en histoire orale et en humanités numériques a été une occasion non seulement de renouveler la recherche collaborative en histoire orale, mais également de développer de nouvelles façons d’écouter, d’analyser et de transmettre les récits de vie.
Complete chloroplast genome sequences of five Bruguiera species (Rhizophoraceae): comparative analysis and phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Ruang-areerate Panthita , Kongkachana Wasitthee , Naktang Chaiwat , Sonthirod Chutima , Narong Nattapol , Jomchai Nukoon , Maprasop Pasin , Maknual Chatree , Phormsin Nawin , Shearman Jeremy R. , Pootakham Wirulda , Tangphatsornruang Sithichoke
Published: October 2021

Bruguiera is a genus of true mangroves that are mostly distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region. However, the number of published whole chloroplast genome sequences of Bruguiera species are limited. Here, the complete chloroplast sequences of five Bruguiera species were sequenced and assembled using Illumina data. The chloroplast genomes of B. gymnorhiza, B. hainesii, B. cylindrica, B. parviflora and B. sexangula were assembled into 161,195, 164,295, 164,297, 163,228 and 164,170 bp, respectively. All chloroplast genomes contain 37 tRNA and eight rRNA genes, with either 84 or 85 protein-coding genes. A comparative analysis of these genomes revealed high similarity in gene structure, gene order and boundary position of the LSC, SSC and two IR regions. Interestingly, B. gymnorhiza lost a rpl32 gene in the SSC region. In addition, a ndhF gene in B. parviflora straddles both the SSC and IRB boundary regions. These genes reveal differences in chloroplast evolution among Bruguiera species. Repeats and SSRs in the chloroplast genome sequences were found to be highly conserved between B. cylindrica and B. hainesii as well as B. gymnorhiza and B. sexangula indicating close genetic relationships based on maternal inheritance. Notably, B. hainesii, which is considered a hybrid between B. gymnorhiza and B. cylindrica, appears to have inherited the chloroplast from B. cylindrica. Investigating the effects of selection events on shared protein-coding genes showed a positive selection in rps7 and rpl36 genes in all species compared to land-plant species. A phylogenetic analysis, based on 59 conserved chloroplast protein-coding genes, showed strong support that all Bruguiera species are in the clade Rhizophoraceae. This study provides valuable genetic information for the study of evolutionary relationships and population genetics in Bruguiera and other mangrove species.
Mate-guarding duration is mainly influenced by the risk of sperm competition and not by female quality in a golden orb-weaver spider
Authors: Del Matto Lygia A. , Macedo-Rego Renato C. , Santos Eduardo S. A.
Published: October 2021

Males are expected to mate with as many females as possible, but can maximize their reproductive success through strategic mating decisions. For instance, males can increase their own fitness by mating with high quality females that produce more offspring. Additionally, males can adjust mating effort based on the relative distribution of females and male competitors. To test factors that influence male mate choice, we assessed male mating decisions in the golden silk orb-weaver spider, Trichonephila clavipes (Nephilidae), a species in which females are polyandrous, males guard females before and after copulation occurs and large males are the most successful at guarding mates. We tested the hypothesis that males spend more time guarding high quality females that are spatially isolated, and when the risk of sperm competition is higher. We also hypothesized that this effect increases with male body size. We assessed solitary and aggregated female webs in the field and quantified female quality (i.e., female body condition), male size (i.e., male body size), the risk of sperm competition (i.e., number of males in each female web), and mate-guarding duration (i.e., number of days each male spent in each web). We found that mate-guarding behaviour is largely influenced by the presence of male competitors. In addition, male body size seems to moderately influence male guarding decisions, with larger males guarding for a longer time. Finally, female body condition and type of web (i.e., solitary or aggregated) seem to play small roles in mate-guarding behaviour. As mate-guarding duration increased by 0.718 day per each additional male competitor in the web, and guarding behaviour prevents males from seeking additional mates, it seems that guarding females can be considerably costly. We conclude that failing to guard a sexual partner promotes high costs derived from sperm competition, and a male cannot recover his relative loss in fertilization success by seeking and fertilizing more females. In addition, the search for more sexual partners can be constrained by possible high costs imposed by weight loss and fights against other males, which may explain why the type of web only moderately influenced male mate choice. Following the same rationale, if high-quality females are not easy to find and/or mating with a high-quality female demands much effort, males may search females and guard them regardless of female quality. In conclusion, the factor that most influences male mate-guarding behaviour among T. clavipes in the field is the risk of sperm competition.
Frog Reproduction and Community Structure in relation to Water Attributes: Setting the stage to understand effects of Climatic Variables and Climate Change
Authors: Pyke Graham H. , White Arthur W.
Published: October 2021

As amphibians have declined more than other vertebrates and are important environmental bio-indicators for aquatic ecosystems, we must understand how attributes of such ecosystems affect individual frogs, populations, and multi-species communities. For aquatic-breeding frogs, pond physical/chemical properties influence all life-stages and therefore populations, species, and communities. However, studies have focussed on tadpoles, considered few water variables, and not considered relationships between water attributes and frog populations or communities. Inter-specific differences in how water attributes affect tadpole populations, and hence possibly adult choice of breeding site, should reflect habitats where different species occur, but has been little investigated. We studied the only frog species on Broughton Island, off the east coast of Australia: the threatened Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea (GGBF); and the widespread and abundant Striped Marsh Frog Limnodynastes peronii (SMF). Suitability of pond breeding habitat, measured by encounter rates during 57 visits over 17 years with different life stages, depended on depth, salinity, pH and temperature, with responses by the two species in essentially opposite directions. For both species, encounter rates increased with increasing depth and with decreasing salinity. Encounter rates peaked at neutral to alkaline pH for GGBF (i.e., 6.8 to 8.0 or higher) and acidic pH for SMF (i.e., 5.5 to 6.0). As water temperature increased, encounter rates increased for GGBF and decreased for SMF.

Frog community structure depended on average pond temperature and how it changed over time. If recorded temperature, averaged over the year, was less than 22°C or declined to below this level, the GGBF population, as indexed by numbers of adults observed and occurrences of earlier life stages, was low or declined, while the SMF population was high or increased. This threshold yearly average temperature translates into a required temperature at onset of spring breeding for the GGBF of about 20°C. The GGBF population on the island has declined since 1998, when our study began, due to increased aquatic vegetation and consequent decline in water temperature in major breeding ponds. As ponds are small, manual vegetation removal should reverse the trend. A comprehensive understanding of the biological effects of climate change, past and future, can now be pursued.
Cassava Production, Processing and Utilization in South Western Part of Ethiopia
Authors: Gezahegn Abebe , Bazie Melkamu
Published: October 2021

Cassava is a root crop grown and consumed in south western part of Ethiopia. A survey was conducted to assess the production status, processing and utilization of cassava in three zones in South Western part of Ethiopia. A total of 63 farmers from five Cassava producing Districts were randomly selected for interview. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to individual respondent. The survey result showed that most of the farmers on average allocated less than 0.25ha of land for cassava production and none of the respondents were used improved cassava varieties. More than 86% of the farmers sold fresh cassava while others sold after processing. Of the interviewed farmers 98.4% of the respondents had awareness about hydrogen cyanide content of cassava and conducted different removal measures. More than half of the interviewed farmers responded that most of cassava produced in the area was used for home consumption. Less than 40% of them were used for both market and home consumption. Of the total farmers, 53% of the farmers consumed cassava by boiling and frying, while the others consume either by boiling or frying.
A Critical Review on Electric Power Sector for Sustainable Energy Development in Nigeria
Authors: Larry Agberegha, Orobome , Solomon Nwigbo, Chuka , Samuel Anyanwu, Ikechukwu , Andrew Azaka, Onyemazuwa , Olayinka Oyedepo, Sunday
Published: October 2021

Electricity is one of the most important invention of Man. It powers the economy and everything in a Nation. This work seeks to carryout a critical review of Nigeria’s energy crisis. A PricewaterhouseCoopers, PwC reports asserts that Nigeria still ranks 2nd worst in the global electricity access charts; a significant portion of electricity is generated from private generators at a higher cost of NGN 120/kWh while grid-based cost NGN 4-5/kWh; more than 50% Nigerians do not have access to electricity, however amongst the other 50% who have access, experience intermittent power supply; 5 - 6 times increase in electricity consumption required to match peer countries with similar GDP per capital; 25 % of potential energy reaches the end-user: Structural inefficiencies across the power value chain prevent electricity from reaching end-users. This work sets out to chronicle Nigeria’s energy crisis: its challenges and prospects. Results from various reviews show that the major issue plaguing the nation’s electricity sector isn’t so much about resources, which the Nation has in abundance, albeit, some in potential state. From the reviews so far, the following are the major problems: 1. The National question 2. Lack of technical know-how 3. Sabotage of government’s efforts and destruction of power sector physical assets. 4. Inconsistency in Policy formulation and implementation. The work therefore, proposes that for the long run, the nation tries to solve her national question; however, for the short run, the Federal Government should adopt the NLNG business model that has produced fantastic results for all its shareholders and stakeholders. The researchers therefore strongly advice the Federal Government to adopt the business model of the Nigeria Liquified Natural Gas, NLNG Company.
Fall among hospitalized patients and the use of drugs that increase the risk / Queda entre pacientes hospitalizados e o uso de medicamentos que potencializam o risco
Authors: Meireles Isabella Barbosa , Pessanha Cássio Maia , Ramos Ana Claudia de Almeida , Silva Roberto Carlos Lyra da , Silva Alexandre Sousa da , Silva Renata Flavia Abreu da
Published: October 2021

Objetivos: estimar a prevalência e o índice de quedas no cenário do estudo; descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes que sofreram queda; estimar a razão de chance de quedas entre os pacientes idosos e não idosos que fizeram uso de medicamentos depressores do sistema nervoso central, diuréticos ou ambos, comparado àqueles que não utilizaram esses medicamentos. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, realizado um hospital geral de médio porte, localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: a prevalência de quedas foi de 0,08% e o índice de quedas foi de 1,11 por 1000 pacientes-dia. As quedas foram mais prevalentes entre os pacientes idosos (70,76%). Conclusão: os resultados desse estudo sugerem que o gerenciamento do uso de medicamentos deve ser uma das estratégias a serem adotadas para a prevenção de quedas no âmbito hospitalar, especialmente em idosos, e o envolvimento da equipe multidisciplinar torna-se imprescindível para o alcance desse objetivo.
Successful practices for parturients regarding satisfaction in childbirth and immediate puerperium / Práticas exitosas a parturiente quanto a satisfação no partejar e puerpério imediato
Authors: Lucena Renne de Figueiredo Bezerra , Silva José Adailton da , Davim Rejane  Marie Barbosa , Neves Ana Neilma Pinheiro das , Rodrigues Onadja Benicio , Oliveira Rita de Cássia de
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Conhecer as práticas exitosas e satisfação de parturientes quanto ao partejar e puerpério imediato. Método: Estudo bibliográfico, descritivo, tipo revisão integrativa. Pesquisaram-se artigos baseados em consultas de estudos científicos inseridos no Portal Periódicos Capes entre os anos de 2013 a 2018, analisados de forma descritiva e resultados apresentados em formas de figuras. Resultados: Totalizaram-se 1260 publicações referentes à temática e, após rigoroso refinamento da busca, foram elegíveis na íntegra, quando excluídos 1253 estudos por não responderem aos critérios de inclusão, sete artigos, determinando a amostra final para discussão com a literatura. Conclusão: Conclui-se que há evidências de que a satisfação com o atendimento recebido pelas mulheres em Centro de Parto Normal está diretamente relacionada ao acolhimento, satisfação no autocuidado, perspectiva em relação a ambiência onde encontram-se as parturientes, puérperas e acompanhantes, como ocorreu o processo do trabalho de parto, parto e puerpério imediato.
Care for people with heart failure after hospital discharge: integrative review / Cuidado à pessoa com insuficiência cardíaca após alta hospitalar: revisão integrativa
Authors: Manfredini Geruza Maria da Silva Gonçalves , Bavaresco Marina , Dázio Eliza Maria Rezende , Fava Silvana Maria Coelho Leite , Resck Zélia Marilda Rodrigues
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Identificar as evidências acerca das orientações que devem ser oferecidas à pessoa com Insuficiência Cardíaca para a continuidade do tratamento. Método: Revisão integrativa, com busca nas bases de dados Lilacs, Pubmed, Cinahl, Web of Science e Scopus. Resultados: Dos 5422 títulos identificados, 31 artigos foram incluídos para análise. Apreendeu-se que os estudos abordaram, dentre outros aspectos, a importância da orientação da doença, dos sinais e sintomas e da detecção da agudização; no entanto, constatou-se a dificuldade na utilização de linguagem adequada para facilitar a compreensão pela pessoa e/ou pelos familiares. Conclusão: Sugere-se que mais estudos sejam realizados a respeito desse tema, a fim de possibilitar aos profissionais de saúde a formulação de um plano de cuidados coerente, com fundamentação nas melhores evidências científicas.
Associations of work-related stress and total sleep time with cholesterol levels in an occupational cohort of Japanese office workers
Authors: Meguro Keiko , Svensson Thomas , Chung Ung-il , Svensson Akiko K
Published: October 2021

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate the associations of total sleep time (TST) and occupational stress based on the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) with cholesterol levels in an occupational cohort of Japanese office workers.

Methods

The present study is a secondary analysis of a subset of participants from a randomized controlled trial. Participants were 179 employees from 5 companies in Tokyo who participated as the intervention group in a 3-month lifestyle intervention study among office workers with metabolic syndrome or at risk of metabolic syndrome. All intervention-group participants used a mobile app and a wearable device. The final population for analysis in the present study were 173 participants. Cholesterol measures were derived from participants’ annual health check-up data in the fiscal year preceding their inclusion in the study. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine the association between exposures and outcome.

Results

Overall, stress levels were significantly and inversely associated with LDL-C (−7.12 mg/dl; 95% CI: −11.78, −2.45) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (−0.16 mg/dl; 95% CI: −0.27, −0.04) per standard deviation increase. Compared to average TST 5.9-7.2 hours, average TST of 4.0-5.3 hours (−4.82 mg/dl; 95% CI: −9.22, −0.43) was inversely associated with HDL-C.

Conclusion

Incremental increases of stress were significantly and inversely associated with LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. The shortest average TST was inversely associated with HDL-C. The results should be interpreted with care given certain methodological limitations.
Most Colorado OTPs failed in recordkeeping: HHS OIG
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2021

According to an audit by the federal Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), about 79% of opioid treatment programs (OTPs, sometimes called methadone clinics) treating Medicaid patients failed to comply with federal and state requirements. The report from the HHS Office of Inspector General (OIG), released last week, found mainly that the state oversight of the OTPs was inadequate.
$1.15 billion increase to approved for SAPT BG
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2021

The Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPT) block grant (BG) is going to get an additional $1.15 billion, for a total of $3.008 billion, for FY 2022.
New screening test for addiction and other disorders
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2021

A test to screen for someone's mental health disorder — not exactly the same as psychiatric diagnosis — is now in beta testing. Interestingly, the questions about addiction do not involve frequency or quantity but focus on functioning — like the questions relating to other disorders. You can participate in the beta testing. Written by Jonathan Shedler, Ph.D., Clinical Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), a psychologist who specializes in psychodynamic therapy, the test is easy to use and quick. “The clinical issue is that it is incredibly rare for someone to have only substance a substance abuse disorder and no other mental health concerns,” Shedler told ADAW last week. “We see substance use and depression, substance use and trauma, etc.,” he said. To provide good care, the clinician needs a “comprehensive” picture of their mental health concerns and symptoms. “That's where the test comes in,” said Shedler. This test used to be available only to healthcare organizations, for patients to administer on site. In its newest version (PsychScan), it is available to any licensed clinician, and clients get a client report with client‐oriented information about their mental health status and about what kind of help to look for.
Interface Engineering in 1D ZnO‐Based Heterostructures for Photoelectrical Devices
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Li Qi , Xu Liangxu , Zhang Zheng , Kang Zhuo , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Yue
Published: October 2021

1D semiconductor materials are widely used in the fields of energy conversion, electronics, and photoelectrical devices, due to their unique ability to connect the nanometer and macroscopic worlds. Among them, 1D‐ZnO plays a vital role in the construction of photoelectrical devices due to its easily modulated morphology and band structure. By combining 1D‐ZnO with other materials to form a variety of heterostructures, the functional diversity of 1D‐ZnO is greatly enriched. Through the means of interface engineering, the behavior of carriers in 1D‐ZnO‐based heterostructures can be adjusted to optimize its photoelectrical performance. A comprehensive understanding of the different integration methods and interface engineering of 1D‐ZnO‐based heterostructures can provide new and more effective methods for the design of next‐generation photoelectrical devices. In this paper, starting with the precise growth of 1D‐ZnO, 1D‐ZnO‐based heterostructures constructed by traditional epitaxial growth and emerging van der Waals stacking are emphatically summarized. The modulation mechanisms by interface engineering on the photoelectrical performance of the above two types of heterostructures are systematically reviewed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of interface engineering in 1D‐ZnO‐based heterostructures for next‐generation photoelectrical devices are prospected.
All‐Inorganic Perovskite Polymer–Ceramics for Flexible and Refreshable X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Chen Weiqing , Zhou Min , Liu Yang , Yu Xue , Pi Chaojie , Yang Ze , Zhang Hao , Liu Zhichao , Wang Ting , Qiu Jianbei , Yu Siu Fung , Yang Yang (Michael) , Xu Xuhui
Published: October 2021

Halide perovskites are an emerging scintillator material for X‐ray imaging. High‐quality X‐ray imaging generally requires high spatial resolution and long operation lifetime, especially for targeted objects with irregular shapes. Herein, a perovskite “polymer–ceramics” scintillator, in which the halide perovskite nanocrystals are grown inside a pre‐solidified polymer structure with high viscosity (6 × 1012 cP), is designed to construct flexible and refreshable X‐ray imaging. A nucleation inhibition strategy is proposed to prevent the agglomeration and Ostwald ripening of perovskite crystals during the subsequent precipitation process, enabling a high‐quality polymer–ceramics scintillator with high transparency. This scintillator‐based detector achieves a detection limit of 120 nGy s–1 and a spatial resolution of 12.5 lp mm–1. Interestingly, due to the anchoring effect of the exfoliated atoms provided by the polymer matrix, the scintillator film can be refreshed after a long duration (≥3 h) and high dose (8 mGy s–1) irradiation. More importantly, this inherent characteristic overcomes the long operation lifetime issue of perovskites‐based scintillators. Hence, the authors’ exploration of the polymer–ceramics scintillator paves the way for the development of flexible and durable perovskite scintillators that can be produced at a low operation cost.
Hybrid Electrolyte with Dual‐Anion‐Aggregated Solvation Sheath for Stabilizing High‐Voltage Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Xianshu , Wang Shuwei , Wang Huirong , Tu Wenqiang , Zhao Yun , Li Song , Liu Qi , Wu Junru , Fu Yongzhu , Han Cuiping , Kang Feiyu , Li Baohua
Published: October 2021

Lithium (Li)‐metal batteries (LMBs) with high‐voltage cathodes and limited Li‐metal anodes are crucial to realizing high‐energy storage. However, functional electrolytes that are compatible with both high‐voltage cathodes and Li anodes are required for their developments. In this study, the use of a moderate‐concentration LiPF6 and LiNO3 dual‐salt electrolyte composed of ester and ether co‐solvents (fluoroethylene carbonate/dimethoxyethane, FEC/DME), which forms a unique Li+ solvation with aggregated dual anions, that is, PF6− and NO3−, is proposed to stabilize high‐voltage LMBs. Mechanistic studies reveal that such a solvation sheath improves the Li plating/stripping kinetics and induces the generation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer with gradient heterostructure and high Young's modulus on the anode, and a thin and robust cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) film. Therefore, this novel electrolyte enables colossal Li deposits with a high Coulombic efficiency (≈98.9%) for 450 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2. The as‐assembled LiǁLiNi0.85Co0.10Al0.05O2 full batteries deliver an excellent lifespan and capacity retention at 4.3 V with a rigid negative‐to‐positive capacity ratio. This electrolyte system with a dual‐anion‐aggregated solvation structure provides insights into the interfacial chemistries through solvation regulation for high‐voltage LMBs.
Extracellular Matrix in Synthetic Hydrogel‐Based Prostate Cancer Organoids Regulate Therapeutic Response to EZH2 and DRD2 Inhibitors
Authors: Mosquera Matthew J. , Kim Sungwoong , Bareja Rohan , Fang Zhou , Cai Shuangyi , Pan Heng , Asad Muhammad , Martin Maria Laura , Sigouros Michael , Rowdo Florencia M. , Ackermann Sarah , Capuano Jared , Bernheim Jacob , Cheung Cynthia , Doane Ashley , Brady Nicholas , Singh Richa , Rickman David S. , Prabhu Varun , Allen Joshua E. , Puca Loredana , Coskun Ahmet F. , Rubin Mark A. , Beltran Himisha , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Elemento Olivier , Singh Ankur
Published: October 2021

Following treatment with androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors, ≈20% of prostate cancer patients progress by shedding their AR‐dependence. These tumors undergo epigenetic reprogramming turning castration‐resistant prostate cancer adenocarcinoma (CRPC‐Adeno) into neuroendocrine prostate cancer (CRPC‐NEPC). No targeted therapies are available for CRPC‐NEPCs, and there are minimal organoid models to discover new therapeutic targets against these aggressive tumors. Here, using a combination of patient tumor proteomics, RNA sequencing, spatial‐omics, and a synthetic hydrogel‐based organoid, putative extracellular matrix (ECM) cues that regulate the phenotypic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic underpinnings of CRPC‐NEPCs are defined. Short‐term culture in tumor‐expressed ECM differentially regulated DNA methylation and mobilized genes in CRPC‐NEPCs. The ECM type distinctly regulates the response to small‐molecule inhibitors of epigenetic targets and Dopamine Receptor D2 (DRD2), the latter being an understudied target in neuroendocrine tumors. In vivo patient‐derived xenograft in immunocompromised mice showed strong anti‐tumor response when treated with a DRD2 inhibitor. Finally, we demonstrate that therapeutic response in CRPC‐NEPCs under drug‐resistant ECM conditions can be overcome by first cellular reprogramming with epigenetic inhibitors, followed by DRD2 treatment. The synthetic organoids suggest the regulatory role of ECM in therapeutic response to targeted therapies in CRPC‐NEPCs and enable the discovery of therapies to overcome resistance.
A Dynamic and Self‐Adapting Interface Coating for Stable Zn‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Guo Zhikun , Fan Lishuang , Zhao Chenyang , Chen Aosai , Liu Nannan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Naiqing
Published: October 2021

The zinc (Zn)‐ion battery has attracted much attention due to its high safety and environmental protection. At present, the critical issues of the generation of dendrites and the accumulation of dead Zn on the surface will lead to a sharp decline of the battery life. Zn dendrites can be inhibited to some extent by constructing an interface protective coating. However, the existing rigid coating method cannot maintain conformal contact with Zn due to the volume change of Zn deposition and will cause fracture irreversibly during the cycle. Here, a highly self‐adaptable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/TiO2−x coating is developed that can dynamically adapt to volume changes and inhibit dendrites growth. PDMS has high dynamic and self‐adaptability due to the crosslinking of the B–O bond. In addition, the rapid and uniform transfer of Zn2+ is induced by the oxygen‐vacancy‐rich TiO2−x. The assembled cells still achieve 99.6% coulombic efficiency after 700 cycles at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The adaptive interface coating constructed provides a sufficient guarantee for the stable operation of the Zn anode.
Graphene‐Supported Atomically Dispersed Metals as Bifunctional Catalysts for Next‐Generation Batteries Based on Conversion Reactions
Authors: Chen Biao , Zhong Xiongwei , Zhou Guangmin , Zhao Naiqin , Cheng Hui‐Ming
Published: October 2021

Next‐generation batteries based on conversion reactions, including aqueous metal–air batteries, nonaqueous alkali metal‐O2 and ‐CO2 batteries, alkali metal‐chalcogen batteries, and alkali metal‐ion batteries have attracted great interest. However, their use is restricted by inefficient reversible conversion of active agents. Developing bifunctional catalysts to accelerate the conversion reaction kinetics in both discharge and charge processes is urgently needed. Graphene‐, or graphene‐like carbon‐supported atomically dispersed metal catalysts (G‐ADMCs) have been demonstrated to show excellent activity in various electrocatalytic reactions, making them promising candidates. Different from G‐ADMCs for catalysis, which only require high activity in one direction, G‐ADMCs for rechargeable batteries should provide high activity in both discharging and charging. This review provides guidance for the design and fabrication of bifunctional G‐ADMCs for next‐generation rechargeable batteries based on conversion reactions. The key challenges that prevent their reversible conversion, the origin of the activity of bifunctional G‐ADMCs, and the current design principles of bifunctional G‐ADMCs for highly reversible conversion, have been analyzed and highlighted for each conversion‐type battery. Finally, a summary and outlook on the development of bifunctional G‐ADMC materials for next‐generation batteries with a high energy density and excellent energy efficiency are given.
Macrocycle‐Based Porous Organic Polymers for Separation, Sensing, and Catalysis
Authors: Li Zheng , Yang Ying‐Wei
Published: October 2021

With the rapid development of materials science, porous organic polymers (POPs) have received remarkable attentions because of their unique properties such as the exceptionally high surface area and flexible molecular design. The ability to incorporate specific functions in a precise manner makes POPs promising platforms for a myriad of applications in molecular adsorption, separation, and catalysis. Therefore, many different types of POPs have been rationally designed and synthesized to expand the scope of advanced materials, endowing them with distinct structures and properties. Recently, supramolecular macrocycles with excellent host–guest complexation abilities are emerging as powerful crosslinkers for developing novel POPs with hierarchical structures and improved performance, which can be well‐organized at different spatial scales. Macrocycle‐based POPs could have unusual porous, adsorptive, and optical properties when compared to their nonmacrocycle‐incorporated counterparts. This cooperation provides valuable insights for the molecular‐level understanding of skeletal complexity and diversity. Here, the research advances of macrocycle‐based POPs are aptly summarized by showing their syntheses, properties, and applications in terms of separation, sensing, and catalysis. Finally, the current challenging issues in this exciting research field are delineated and a comprehensive outlook is offered for their future directions.
High‐Performance Tin–Lead Mixed‐Perovskite Solar Cells with Vertical Compositional Gradient
Authors: Cao Jiupeng , Loi Hok‐Leung , Xu Yang , Guo Xuyun , Wang Naixiang , Liu Chun‐ki , Wang Tianyue , Cheng Haiyang , Zhu Ye , Li Mitch Guijun , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Yan Feng
Published: October 2021

Sn–Pb mixed perovskites with bandgaps in the range of 1.1–1.4 eV are ideal candidates for single‐junction solar cells to approach the Shockley–Queisser limit. However, the efficiency and stability of Sn–Pb mixed‐perovskite solar cells (PSCs) still lag far behind those of Pb‐based counterparts due to the easy oxidation of Sn2+. Here, a reducing agent 4‐hydrazinobenzoic acid is introduced as an additive along with SnF2 to suppress the oxidation of Sn2+. Meanwhile, a vertical Pb/Sn compositional gradient is formed spontaneously after an antisolvent treatment due to different solubility and crystallization kinetics of Sn‐ and Pb‐based perovskites and it can be finely tuned by controlling the antisolvent temperature. Because the band structure of a perovskite is dependent on its composition, graded vertical heterojunctions are constructed in the perovskite films with a compositional gradient, which can enhance photocarrier separation and suppress carrier recombination in the resultant PSCs. Under optimal fabrication conditions, the Sn–Pb mixed PSCs show power conversion efficiency up to 22% along with excellent stability during light soaking.
High Carrier Mobility and High Figure of Merit in the CuBiSe2 Alloyed GeTe
Authors: Yin Liang‐Cao , Liu Wei‐Di , Li Meng , Sun Qiang , Gao Han , Wang De‐Zhuang , Wu Hao , Wang Yi‐Feng , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Liu Qingfeng , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: October 2021

According to the Mott's relation, the figure‐of‐merit of a thermoelectric material depends on the charge carrier concentration and carrier mobility. This explains the observation that low thermoelectric properties of GeTe‐based materials suffer from the degraded carrier mobility, on account of the fluctuation of electronegativity and ionicity of various elements. Here, high‐performance CuBiSe2 alloyed GeTe with high carrier mobility due to the small electronegativity difference between Cu and Ge atoms and the weak ionicity of CuTe and BiTe bonds, is developed. Density functional theory calculations indicate that CuBiSe2 alloying increases the formation energy of Ge vacancies and correspondingly reduces the amount of Ge vacancies, leading to an optimized carrier concentration and a high power factor of ≈37.4 µW cm−1 K−2 at 723 K. Moreover, CuBiSe2 alloying induces dense point defects and triggers ubiquitous lattice distortions, leading to a reduced lattice thermal conductivity of 0.39 W m−1 K−1 at 723 K. These synergistic effects result in an optimization of the carrier mobility, the carrier concentration, and the lattice thermal conductivity, which favors an enhanced peak figure‐of‐merit of ≈2.2 at 723 K in (GeTe)0.94(CuBiSe2)0.06. This study provides guidance for the screening of GeTe‐based thermoelectric materials with high carrier mobility.
4‐Hydroxycoumarin: A Versatile Substrate for Transition‐metal‐free Multicomponent Synthesis of Bioactive Heterocycles
Authors: Borah Biplob , Dhar Dwivedi Kartikey , Chowhan L. Raju
Published: October 2021

One‐pot multi‐component reactions especially under transition‐metal‐free catalysis served as an efficient, and environmentally friendly method for the construction of value‐added compounds. Their importance in organic synthesis has drastically increased due to their operational simplicity, cost‐effectiveness, step‐ and pot‐economic nature. On the other hand, the molecular hybridization concept has recently emerged as a key fascinating area in medicinal and organic chemistry for the design of new drugs. Owing to the widespread occurrence in natural products, and pharmaceutical agents, the incorporation of another heterocycle either as substituents or as a fused material into 4‐hydroxycoumarin moiety offers new opportunities for the broad application of the targeted coumarin‐heterocycles into many branches of chemistry. Considering the importance of both the topics, here we have reviewed the developments achieved in the synthesis of diverse medicinally privileged oxygen, and nitrogen‐containing heterocycles as well as spiro‐heterocycles either linked or fused with coumarin moiety by using readily accessible 4‐hydroxycoumarin as the starting material via one‐pot multi‐component reaction under transition‐metal‐free conditions.
Moderate Surface Segregation Promotes Selective Ethanol Production in CO2Hydrogenation Reaction over CoCu Catalysts
Authors: Liu Sihang , Yang Chengsheng , Zha Shenjun , Sharapa Dmitry , Studt Felix , Zhao Zhi‐Jian , Gong Jinlong
Published: October 2021

Cobalt‐copper (CoCu) catalysts have industrial potential in CO/CO2hydrogenation reactions, and CoCu alloy has been elucidated as a major active phase during reactions. However, due to elemental surface segregation and dealloying phenomena, the actual surface morphology of CoCu alloy is still unclear. Combining theory and experiment, the dual effect of surface segregation and varied CO coverage over the CoCu(111) surface on the reactivity in CO2hydrogenation reactions is explored. The relationship between C−O bond scission and further hydrogenation of intermediate *CH2O was discovered to be a key step to promote ethanol production. The theoretical investigation suggests that moderate Co segregation provides a suitable surface Co ensemble with lateral interactions of co‐adsorbed *CO, leading to promoted selectivity to ethanol, in agreement with theory‐inspired experiments.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Atroposelective Access to Axially Chiral Olefins via C−H Bond Activation and Directing Group Migration
Authors: Mi Ruijie , Chen Haohua , Zhou Xukai , Li Nan , Ji Danqing , Wang Fen , Lan Yu , Li Xingwei
Published: October 2021

Axially chiral open‐chain olefins represent an underexplored class of chiral platform. In this report, two classes of tetrasubstituted axially chiral acyclic olefins have been accessed in excellent enantioselectivity and regioselectivity via C−H activation of (hetero)arenes assisted by a migratable directing group en route to coupling with sterically hindered alkynes. The coupling of indoles bearing an N‐aminocarbonyl directing group afforded C–N axially chiral acrylamides with the assistance of a racemic zinc carboxylate additive. DFT studies suggest a β‐nitrogen elimination–reinsertion pathway for the directing group migration. Meanwhile, the employment of N‐phenoxycarboxamide delivered C−C axially chiral enamides via migration of the oxidizing directing group. Experiments suggest that in both cases the (hetero)arene substrate adopts a well‐defined orientation during the C−H activation, which in turn determines the disposition of the alkyne in migratory insertion. Synthetic applications of representative chiral olefins are demonstrated.
Enhancing Dye‐Triplet‐Sensitized Upconversion Emission Through the Heavy‐Atom Effect in CsLu2F7:Yb/Er Nanoprobes
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ke Jianxi , Tu Datao , Li Jiayao , Pei Yifan , Wang Le , Shang Xiaoying , Guan Tianyong , Lu Shan , Chen Zhuo , Chen Xueyuan
Published: October 2021

Lanthanide (Ln3+)‐doped upconversion (UC) nanoprobes, which have drawn extensive attention for various bioapplications, usually suffer from small absorption cross‐sections and weak luminescence intensity of Ln3+ ions. Herein, we report the controlled synthesis of a new class of Ln3+‐doped UC nanoprobes based on CsLu2F7:Yb/Er nanocrystals (NCs), which can effectively increase the intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency from singlet excited state to triplet excited state of IR808 up to 99.3 % through the heavy atom effect. By virtue of the efficient triplet sensitization of IR808, the optimal UC luminescence (UCL) intensity of IR808‐modified CsLu2F7:Yb/Er NCs is enhanced by 1309 times upon excitation at 808 nm. Benefiting from the intense dye‐triplet‐sensitized UCL, the nanoprobes are demonstrated for sensitive assay of extracellular and intracellular hypochlorite with an 808‐nm/980‐nm dual excited ratiometric strategy.
A Modular Approach to the Antifungal Sphingofungin Family: Concise Total Synthesis of Sphingofungin A and C
Authors: Raguž Luka , Peng Chia‐Chi , Kaiser Marcel , Görls Helmar , Beemelmanns Christine
Published: October 2021

Sphingofungins are fungal natural products known to inhibit the biosynthesis of sphingolipids which play pivotal roles in various cell functions. Here, we report a short and flexible synthetic approach towards the sphingofungin family. Key step of the synthesis was a decarboxylative cross‐coupling reaction of chiral sulfinyl imines with a functionalized tartaric acid derivative, which yielded the core motif of sphingofungins carrying four consecutive stereocenters and a terminal double bond. Subsequent metathesis reaction allowed for the introduction of different side chains of choice resulting in a total of eight sphingofungins, including for the first time sphingofungin C (eight steps from commercially available protected tartaric acid with an overall yield of 6 %) and sphingofungin A (ten steps). All newly synthesized derivatives were tested for their antifungal, cell‐proliferative and antiparasitic activity unraveling their structure–activity relations.
Labile Photo‐Induced Free Radical in α‐Ketoglutaric Acid: a Universal Endogenous Polarizing Agent for In Vivo Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Gaunt Adam P. , Lewis Jennifer S. , Hesse Friederike , Cheng Tian , Marco‐Rius Irene , Brindle Kevin M. , Comment Arnaud
Published: October 2021

Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C magnetic resonance enables non‐invasive probing of metabolism in vivo. To date, only 13C‐molecules hyperpolarized with persistent trityl radicals have been injected in humans. We show here that the free radical photo‐induced in alpha‐ketoglutaric acid (α‐KG) can be used to hyperpolarize photo‐inactive 13C‐molecules such as [1‐13C]lactate. α‐KG is an endogenous molecule with an exceptionally high radical yield under photo‐irradiation, up to 50 %, and its breakdown product, succinic acid, is also endogenous. This radical precursor therefore exhibits an excellent safety profile for translation to human studies. The labile nature of the radical means that no filtration is required prior to injection while also offering the opportunity to extend the 13C relaxation time in frozen HP 13C‐molecules for storage and transport. The potential for in vivo metabolic studies is demonstrated in the rat liver following the injection of a physiological dose of HP [1‐13C]lactate.
Rationally Designed Mn2O3–ZnMn2O4 Hollow Heterostructures from Metal–Organic Frameworks for Stable Zn‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zeng Yinxiang , Wang Yan , Jin Qi , Pei Zhihao , Luan Deyan , Zhang Xitian , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: October 2021

Mn‐based oxides have sparked extensive scientific interest for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries due to the rich abundance, plentiful oxidation states, and high output voltage. However, the further development of Mn‐based oxides is severely hindered by the rapid capacity decay during cycling. Herein, a two‐step metal–organic framework (MOF)‐engaged templating strategy has been developed to rationally synthesize heterostructured Mn2O3–ZnMn2O4 hollow octahedrons (MO–ZMO HOs) for stable zinc ion storage. The distinctive composition and hollow heterostructure endow MO–ZMO HOs with abundant active sites, enhanced electric conductivity, and superior structural stability. By virtue of these advantages, the MO–ZMO HOs electrode shows high reversible capacity, impressive rate performance, and outstanding electrochemical stability. Furthermore, ex situ characterizations reveal that the charge storage of MO–ZMO HOs mainly originates from the highly reversible Zn2+ insertion/extraction reactions.