bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Über die chemische Verschiebung der Protonenresonanzen des Wassers in Elektrolytlösungen
Authors: Hertz H. G. , Spalthoff W.
Published: September 2023

Das Eingehen eines Moleküls in eine Wasserstoffbrückenbindung ist verbunden mit einer Verminderung der Abschirmung des Protons, welches in der polaren Gruppe sitzt. Zur Belegung dieser Regel wird eine Zusammenstellung des bisher mit der KMR‐Methode erhaltenen Erfahrungsmaterials an wasserstoffbrückenhaltigen Systemen gebracht. Die vorliegenden Erkenntnisse regen zu der Frage an, wie sich bei Elektrolytlösungen obige Erfahrungsregel bewährt.

Es wird ein einfaches hochauflösendes (ΔH/H = 4 · 10−8) KMR‐Spektrometer beschrieben. Es werden Meßergebnisse über die mit der Lösung von starken Elektrolyten in Wasser verbundenen Verschiebungsänderungen mitgeteilt. Hierauf folgt eine Besprechung der bemerkenswertesten Besonderheiten dieser Ergebnisse, eine ins Einzelne gehende Deutung der Erscheinungen ist zur Zeit noch nicht möglich.
Über das Infrarotspektrum organischer Verbindungen gespreitet in dünnen Schichten auf Oberflächen von Ionengittern 3. Mitteilung
Authors: Karagounis G. , Peter O.
Published: September 2023

In Fortsetzung früherer Versuche wurden die IR‐Spektren organischer Verbindungen im Zustande dünner, auf KBr, AgJ, NaCl, AgCl, TlCl ausgebreiteter Schichten gemessen. Die beobachteten Änderungen der Absorptionsintensität stehen in Übereinstimmung mit einer Überschlagsrechnung über den Einfluß eines elektrischen Feldes auf die Bewegung des linearen Oszillators. Durch die Ionenfelder wird eine Asymmetrie induziert, welche das Auftreten neuer IR‐Banden hervorruft, deren Frequenz mit ramanaktiven Banden übereinstimmt. Es wird gezeigt, daß die algebraische Summe der Intensitätsänderungen aller Banden durch das Ionenfeld gleich Null ist.
Isomorphiebeziehungen zwischen kristallin‐flüssigen Phasen 4. Mitteilung: Mischbarkeit in binären Systemen mit mehreren smektischen Phasen
Authors: Arnold Heinrich , Sackmann Horst
Published: September 2023

Mit Hilfe des Heiztischmikroskopes wurden 14 binäre Systeme, davon 10 ausschließlich nach der Kontaktmethode, untersucht. Die smektischen Modifikationen der Komponenten konnten auf Grund ihres gegenseitigen Mischbarkeitsverhaltens in drei Gruppen zusammengefaßt werden. Die Resultate deuten darauf hin, daß diese Gruppen drei verschiedene Strukturtypen kristalliner Flüssigkeiten repräsentieren.
Die Gewinnung von kurzlebigen Xenon‐ und Krypton‐Spaltisotopen: Bestimmung der γ‐Strahlung beim Zerfall von Xe‐137 und Kr‐89
Authors: Prakash S.
Published: September 2023

Die kurzlebigen Edelgasisotope Kr‐89 (T1/2 = 3,2 min) und Xe‐137 (T1/2 = 3,8 min) werden durch Bestrahlung von natürlichem Uran mit Reaktorneutronen erzeugt. Die beiden Gase werden aus dem gebildeten Gasgemisch durch fraktionierte Adsorption an Aktivkohle voneinander getrennt. Die getrennten Spaltedelgasisotope werden mit einem Szintillationsspektrometer untersucht. Die Energien und Intensitäten der γ‐Linien geben Aufschluß über die Anregungsniveaus der Tochterkerne. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert.
Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Ligandenzahl, Ligandenmasse und Bildungswärme auf die Retention beim Szilard‐Chalmers Prozeß
Authors: Baumgärtner F. , Zahn U.
Published: September 2023

Es wird die Retention verglichen bei einer Verbindungsreihe des Chroms, bei der dasselbe Zentralatom unter gleichbleibenden chemischen Bindungsverhältnissen mit Liganden verschiedener Zahl und bei gleichbleibender Ligandenzahl mit Liganden verschiedener Masse verbunden ist. Weiterhin wird untersucht, wieweit ein Zusammenhang mit der Bildungswärme besteht.
Adsorption radioaktiver Seltener Erden aus Nitratschmelzen an A12O3 und Pyrexglas
Authors: Lindner Roland , Johnsson Sylvia
Published: September 2023

An Kolonnen aus feinkörnigem Aluminiumoxyd (standardisiert nach Brockmann) und gepulvertem Pyrexglas ist die Trennung von in LiNO3/KNO3‐Schmelze gelösten Seltenen Erden demonstriert worden an der Trennung: La‐140 von Nd‐147, Tb‐160 und Tm‐170. In Übereinstimmung mit der Adsorption aus wäßriger Lösung werden die höheren Lanthanide bevorzugt adsorbiert.
Radioaktivierungsanalytische Bestimmung yon Mangan und Arsen in Reaktorgraphitproben
Authors: Niemann Elfriede
Published: September 2023

Die Radioaktivierungsanalyse eignet sich in vielen Fällen besonders gut, Spurenelemente mit großem Neutroneneinfangsquerschnitt zu bestimmen, da die Nachweisempfindlichkeit dieser Methode mit steigendem a wächst. Es wird gezeigt, wie sich Mangan und Arsen in Reaktorgraphitproben neben anderen Elementen quantitativ bestimmen lassen. Aufschluß‐ und Analysenmethoden werden beschrieben und die Untersuchungsergebnisse mitgeteilt.
Zur Totzeit‐Bestimmung eines GM‐Zählrohres nach der Zweiquellen‐Methode
Authors: Schulze Werner
Published: September 2023

Es wird gezeigt, daß die Anwendung der in den meisten Lehrbüchern und Monographien empfohlenen Formel (I1 + I2 I0 ‐ I12)/(I212 ‐ I21 ‐ I22) für die Totzeit eines GM‐Zählrohres prinzipiell mit nicht unterschreitbaren Fehlern behaftet ist. Eine einfachere und genauere Näherungsformel wird abgeleitet, sowie ein Rechenverfahren angegeben, das aus dieser Näherungsformel auf schnelle Weise die gleichen Meßdaten exakt auszuwerten gestattet.
Prediction of transport properties of dense gases and liquids
Authors: Alder B. J.
Published: September 2023

An accurate and simple theory of transport properties is developed on the basis of the van der Waals concept of a dense fluid. It is shown that the calculated values for the transport coefficients for the rare gases at temperatures and densities greater than the respective critical ones agree to within about 10% with the experimental results in both absolute value and temperature dependence, without invoking an activation barrier. In this a priori theory, the cross‐section, that is the hard sphere diameter, is determined as a function of temperature from the available equilibrium data, within the framework of the van der Waals theory.

Evidence in favor of the van der Waals model and against the activation model has also been found in a study of the free path distribution by molecular dynamics computer calculations. This evidence consists of a monotonic free path distribution without a peak near an intermolecular distance at all densities and temperatures for square‐well molecules. Furthermore, the free path distribution as well as the radial distribution function are nearly temperature independent at a given density. Finally, there were found to be more hard core encounters than soft collisions even at liquid densities and low temperatures.
Polymerisation unter hohen Drücken
Authors: Kinkel Klaus
Published: September 2023

Durch eine Drucksteigerung werden Polymerisationsreaktionen beschleunigt. Es wird untersucht, wie groß der Einfluß der möglichen Faktoren, nämlich Energiezufuhr, Konzentrationserhöhung, Überwindung sterischer Widerstände, Orientierungseffekte und Löslichkeitsbeeinflussung ist und wie sie sich auf die Einzelschritte der komplexen Polymerisationsreaktion auswirken. Als Beispiele werden die Dimerisation bzw. Polymerisation von Isopren, Tetramethyläthylen, Cyclopentadien, Styrol und Äthylen angeführt. Der Druckeinfluß auf binäre Copolymerisationssysteme und seine Ursachen werden erörtert.
Kurzvorträge zum Hauptthema. Hochdruck‐Hochtemperatur‐Umwandlungen der Monotelluride der seltenen Erden
Authors: Rooymans C. J. M.
Published: September 2023

Die Monochalkogenide der seltenen Erden kristallisieren alle in der Steinsalzstruktur. Die Verbindungen mit Samarium, Europium und Ytterbium als Kation nehmen hierbei eine Sonderstellung ein, wie schon durch Iandelli bemerkt worden ist. Die Gitterkonstante dieser Verbindungen ist um etwa 5% höher als die der korrespondierenden Salze der anderen seltenen Erden.

Mit Hilfe der Hochdruckröntgentechnik war es möglich, eine Phasentransformation in Europiumtellurid und Samariumtellurid zu beobachten. Die Hochdruckmodifikationen haben ebenfalls Steinsalzstruktur, jedoch mit kleinerer Gitterkonstante. Letztere ist im Einklang mit der Annahme einer Dreiwertigkeit des Kations, wie es auch bei den meisten anderen Monochalkogeniden, der Fall ist.

Widerstandsmessungen unter Hochdruckbedingungen sind in Übereinstimmung mit dem Röntgenbefund. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Transformation wird erörtert.
Untersuchung eines heterogenen bivarianten Gleichgewichts mit CO2 und H2O als fluider Phase bei hohen Drucken
Authors: Metz Paul
Published: September 2023

Es wurden die Gleichgewichtsbedingungen der Reaktion:

magnified image

für den Gesamtdruck von 500 und 1000 kg/cm2 experimentell bestimmt und thermodynamisch berechnet. Hierbei war eine Übereinstimmung zwischen berechneten und experimentell bestimmten Gleichgewichtstemperaturen bis auf ±20 °C festzustellen.
Fluide Phasen im System K2O‐MgO‐SiO2‐H2O und ihre mögliche Bedeutung für die Entstehung ultrabasischer Gesteine
Authors: Seifert F. , Schreyer W.
Published: September 2023

Experimentelle Untersuchungen bei einem Druck von 1000 Atm und Temperaturen von 500–900 °C ergaben ausgedehnte Existenzfelder von silikatischen Schmelzen im System K2O‐MgO‐SiO2‐H2O. Da die Zusammensetzungen dieser Schmelzen sich dem für ultrabasische Gesteine wichtigen Randsystem MgO‐SiO2‐H2O nähern, können bereits relativ geringe Kaligehalte Ultrabasite in sogenannte „Schmelzbreie”︁ (Koexistenz von Kristallen mit Schmelzen) verwandeln, welche bei Abkühlung bis zu etwa 700 °C wanderungs‐ und damit intrusionsfähig bleiben. Bei noch tieferen Temperaturen tritt an die Stelle der Schmelze ein K‐reiches Gas, welches den nunmehr vollkommen verfestigten Ultrabasit verlassen und im Nebengestein Alkalisierungen hervorrufen kann.
Stoßwellen in Flüssigkeiten zur Untersuchung von Lösungsreaktionen
Authors: Jost A.
Published: September 2023

Mit einer neu entwickelten Stoßwellenapparatur für Flüssigkeiten wurden die Reaktionen des Indikators Tropäolin‐0 mit Ammoniak und Wasser untersucht. Es wird eine kurze Schilderung der Apparatur gegeben. Die Abhängigkeit der Logarithmen der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten, die die Reaktionen bestimmen, von der Differenz der pK‐Werte wird diskutiert.
Zur Reaktion von festen Oxiden Oxiden mit hochverdichtetem Wasser bei höheren Temperaturen
Authors: Glemser O. , Stocker U. , Wendlandt H. G.
Published: September 2023

Die Reaktionen der Oxide MoO3 und GeO2 mit Wasser bei Temperaturen zwischen 380 und 500 °C und Drücken von 65‐3000 at werden beschrieben. In den Systemen MoO3/H2O und GeO2/H2O können in verschiedenen Dichtebereichen des Wassers hydroxidische Spezies auftreten, die als MoO2(OH)2, Mo7O18 (OH)6, Ge2O(OH)6 und [GeO(OH)2]x formuliert werden.
Primärprozesse in der reversiblen Photoisomerisierung
Authors: Fischer E.
Published: September 2023

Es werden Systeme vom Typ A ⇌ B behandelt, wobei A und B zwei Isomere im allgemeinen Sinne sind, die durch Bestrahlung und in vielen Fällen auch thermisch ineinander umwandelbar sind. Die drei wesentlichen Reaktionstypen dieser Umwandlungen sind: 1. cis‐trans‐Isomerisierung, 2. reversible Ringbildung und 3. Tautomerisierung.

Diese Reaktionen zeichnen sich durch einen relativ einfachen Verlauf aus. Aus diesem Grunde erscheinen sie besonders geeignet, um an ihnen die vollständigen Reaktionsmechanismen, insbesondere aber die photochemischen Primärprozesse, zu studieren.
Die Untersuchung angeregter Zustände aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe mit Hilfe der Laser‐Blitzspektroskopie
Authors: Müller Alexander , Sommer Udo
Published: September 2023

Mit einem kinetischen Laserspektrophotometer hoher Zeitauflösung wurden verdünnte Lösungen von 1,2‐Benzanthracen, Pyren und 3‐Brompyren bei Anregung mit ultravioletten Riesenimpulsen eines Rubinlasers untersucht. Die experimentell gefundenen Absorptionsänderungen mit Lebensdauern zwischen 4 nsec und mehreren Mikrosekunden werden in ihrem zeitlichen und spektralen Verlauf durch Vergleich mit den Ergebnissen theoretischer Berechnungen analysiert. Die Absorptionsänderungen setzen sich im allgemeinen aus zwei Komponenten zusammen, welche Übergängen vom niedrigsten angeregten Singulettzustand (Sn ← S1), bzw. vom niedrigsten Triplettzustand (Tn ← T1) aus zugeordnet werden können. Aus den Messungen werden die Singulettlebensdauern, die Extinktionskoeffizienten der höheren Singulettübergänge (Sn ← S1) sowie die Triplettquantenausbeuten ermittelt. Mit Hilfe der nach der LCAO‐MO‐SCF‐Methode mit vollständiger Konfigurationswechselwirkung berechneten π‐Elektronenzustände wird die Zuordnung der beobachteten neuen Absorptionsbanden vorgenommen.
Photosensitization by benzaldehyde in the gas phase I. 1,3‐cyclohexadiene
Authors: De Maré G. R. , Goldfinger P. , Huybrechts G. , Jonas E. , Toth M.
Published: September 2023

The major products of the photosensitization of 1,3‐cyclohexadiene (25–160 Torr) by benzaldehyde (4.5–5.0 Torr) at 50.0 ± 0.2 °C, using light with wavelengths > 300 nm, are the dimers trans‐cis‐trans‐tricyclo(6.4.0.02,7)dodeca‐3,11‐diene, the corresponding all cis‐isomer, exo‐, and endo‐dicyclohexadiene in the ratio 3:1:0.8:0.04, independent of substrate pressure. Traces of cyclohexene and benzene are also formed, presumably from the decomposition of excited dimers before collisional stabilization can occur. The product distribution and the kinetic features of the reaction are best explained by assuming that the photosensitization involves triplet energy transfer from benzaldehyde to 1,3‐cyclohexadiene molecules.
Care‐experienced students in higher education: A case for re‐figuring higher education worlds to widen access and further social justice
Authors: Child Samantha , Marvell Rosa
Published: September 2023

While the higher education (HE) literature highlights how the sector is designed for a typified imagined student, the issues are particularly acute for care‐experienced students. The dominant HE discourse assumes that all students will be able or want to participate in ‘stereotypical’ aspects of student life and have stable networks to offer emotional, practical and financial support. Here, we deploy Holland et al.'s formative heuristic of figured worlds to interrogate how socially and culturally constructed realms and artefacts establish ‘givens’. People ‘figure’ who they are through navigating different realms which are conceptually and materially produced. We take particular inspiration from figured worlds’ focus on unequal power in social space; socially and institutionally endorsed understandings of how things ‘should’ be celebrate certain subjectivities and ways of ‘doing’ university while marginalising others. The paper discusses biographical‐narrative interviews and collaborative analysis with six students with experience of foster, residential and kinship care, all studying at a post‐1992 English university. Crucially, conversations highlighted participants’ exceptional maturity, educational passion and tenacity. Yet challenges remained. This paper focuses on four domains where our participants felt forced into peripheral subjectivities: student accommodation, wellbeing support, societies and curricula. Halls became hostile spaces through high rents, late‐night/loud drinking cultures and their transitory nature. Wellbeing services felt inimical when designed for quotidian anxiety and stress, neglecting more complex stories. Similarly, society membership fees, requisite team kits and ‘cliques’ materially and symbolically constricted participants. Finally, specific areas of curricula and pedagogical delivery posed problems, namely when traumatic and/or painful content (e.g. domestic violence and safeguarding) was not assumed to relate to anyone in the classroom. Despite these barriers, participants continued to navigate their HE journeys with skill and creativity. Although this paper's perspective is partial, we argue for theorising the holistic student experience through the lens of figured worlds. This reveals how norms and practices make dominant subject positions hard to access for care‐experienced students, contradicting and undermining their obvious value. In concluding, we discuss how locating problems as structural speaks back to deficit discourses, challenging us to reimagine and reconfigure HE through alternative discourses of worth. Attention is needed within and beyond the classroom; students’ lives are multifaceted and played out in multiple figured worlds.
Comparative investigation on interaction between potent antimalarials and human serum albumin using multispectroscopic and computational approaches
Authors: Azeem Kashish , Ahmed Mofieed , Uddin Amad , Singh Shailja , Patel Rajan , Abid Mohammad
Published: September 2023

This study performed a comparative investigation to explore the interaction mechanisms between two potential antimalarial compounds, JMI 346 and JMI 105, and human serum albumin (HSA), a vital carrier protein responsible for maintaining important biological functions. Our aim was to assess the pharmacological efficiency of these compounds while comprehensively analyzing their impact on the dynamic behavior and overall stability of the protein. A comprehensive array of multispectroscopic techniques, including UV–Vis. spectroscopy, steady‐state fluorescence analysis, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, three‐dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy, docking studies, and molecular dynamics simulations, were performed to probe the intricate details of the interaction between the compounds and HSA. Our results revealed that both JMI 346 and JMI 105 exhibited promising pharmacological effectiveness within the context of malaria therapy. However, JMI 346 was found to exhibit a significantly higher affinity and only minor altered impact on HSA, suggesting a more favorable interaction with the protein on the dynamic behavior and overall stability of the protein in comparison to JMI 105. Further studies can build on these results to optimize the drug–protein interaction and enable the development of more potent and targeted antimalarial treatments.
Examining the moderating effects of school factors on sense of acceptance and mental health: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Yanagi Yuriko
Published: September 2023

Children who feel unaccepted by their mothers tend to have poor mental health. Although school factors (social support from homeroom or from teachers and friends, as well as classroom satisfaction) can protect students, few studies have examined these factors at the classroom level. Understanding the relationships between sense of acceptance, school factors and mental health may help students. This study, conducted in Japan, examines how sense of acceptance at the student level and school factors at the student and classroom levels affect the mental health variables of depression, loneliness, subjective happiness and emotional wellbeing. In total, 1470 Japanese school students (8–15 years old) from 68 classes participated. Multilevel analysis was conducted at the student and classroom levels. At the classroom level, social support from friends was associated with lower depression and loneliness and higher emotional wellbeing (p < 0.01). A positive classroom climate moderated the relationships of sense of acceptance with depression, loneliness, subjective happiness and emotional wellbeing (p < 0.05). Social support from friends at the classroom level and positive classroom climate at the student level serve as protective factors for students who feel unaccepted by their mothers. More activities boosting classroom student interactions would benefit such students.
Arachidonic acid metabolism CYP450 pathway is deregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and associated with microvascular invasion
Authors: Wang Kai , Shi Ji‐Hua , Gao Jie , Sun Yaohui , Wang Zhihui , Shi Xiaoyi , Guo Wenzhi , Jin Yang , Zhang Shuijun
Published: September 2023

Arachidonic acid metabolism plays a crucial role in the development and progression of inflammatory and metabolic liver diseases. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of key genes involved in the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway in HCC using a combination of bioinformatics, proteomics and immunohistochemistry analyses. Through a comprehensive analysis of publicly available datasets, clinical HCC tissues, and tissue microarrays, we compared the expression of hepatic arachidonic acid metabolic genes. We observed significant downregulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) pathway genes at both the messenger RNA and protein levels in HCC tissues compared to normal liver tissues. Furthermore, we observed a strong correlation between the deregulation of the arachidonic acid metabolism CYP450 pathway and the pathological features and prognosis of HCC. Specifically, the expression of CYP2C8/9/18/19 was significantly correlated with pathological grade (r = −.484, p < .0001), vascular invasion (r = −.402, p < .0001), aspartate transaminase (r = −.246, p = .025), gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (r = −.252, p = .022), alkaline phosphatase (r = −.342, p = .002), alpha‐fetoprotein (r = −.311, p = .004) and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (r = −.227, p = .047). Moreover, we discovered a significant association between CYP450 pathway activity and vascular invasion in HCC. Collectively, these data indicate that arachidonic acid CYP450 metabolic pathway deregulation is implicated in HCC progression and may be a potential predictive factor for early recurrence in patients with HCC.
DRESS syndrome in a patient undergoing stem cell transplantation: Can sirolimus be involved?
Authors: Cassalia Fortunato , Spiller Alice , Salmaso Roberto , Caroppo Francesca , Belloni Fortina Anna
Published: September 2023

We present a case of sirolimus‐induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome in a stem cell transplant patient. Sirolimus is an immunosuppressive drug that inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. A 24‐year‐old male with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) underwent testicular extraction followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). He presented with pruritic eczematous lesions, which were initially treated with topical steroids. However, he later developed diffuse xerosis, fever, chills, generalized edema, weight gain, eosinophilia, and leukopenia. Skin biopsy showed spongiotic dermatitis with eosinophils, suggesting a drug or atopic reaction. Investigations ruled out infections, and the RegiSCAR score indicated drug reaction syndrome with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Sirolimus, an immunosuppressive drug, was suspected as the cause. Sirolimus was discontinued, and oral steroids were initiated. After 3 weeks of therapy, the patient showed improvement with resolution of symptoms. Although no cases of sirolimus‐induced DRESS syndrome have been reported, allergic reactions with eosinophilia induced by everolimus have been documented. In our case, the patient's history characterized by stem cell transplantation and multiple immunosuppressive therapies may have contributed to the development of DRESS syndrome after beginning sirolimus therapy. This case may be the first evidence of sirolimus‐induced DRESS syndrome in a stem cell transplant patient.
Access to Chiral O,O‐Acetals Enabled by Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Oximes to Alkoxyallenes
Authors: Xu Zhuo‐Wei , Wang Shaozhong
Published: September 2023

Enantiomerically pure acyclic O,O‐acetal compounds (up to 97 % ee) have been accessed through chemo‐, regio‐ and enantioselective palladium‐catalyzed addition of oximes to alkoxyallenes. DFT calculations support that a protonative hydropalladation pathway is favourable, in which the hydrogen bonding interaction between the amide group of the diphosphine ligand and the alkoxyallene is critical for the highly stereoselective formation of the dioxygenated stereogenic center.
CO2 absorption kinetics and equilibrium solubility measurements in potassium salts of renewable amino acids from plant‐ and animal‐protein
Authors: Rawate Hitesh D. , Vaidya Prakash D.
Published: September 2023

Aqueous solutions containing alkaline salts of natural amino acids, such as those from protein in plant seeds or high protein animal‐based waste, are green CO2‐separation solvents. In the present work, potassium salts of nine such amino acids were chosen for an in‐depth study: alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine, proline, serine, and valine. The kinetics of CO2 absorption in aqueous solutions of these salts was studied using a stirred cell. From the measurements of the absorption rate at different salt concentrations (molarity 0.1 and higher), CO2 partial pressures (5–25 kPa), and temperatures (298–308 K), values of the reaction order, rate constant, and activation energy were determined. Additionally, the liquid‐side mass transfer coefficient (0.005 cm/s) was also found. Potassium salts of proline, glycine, and arginine were most reactive and, hence, were chosen for equilibrium study. The loading capacity of these salts was measured at 308 K in a vapour–liquid equilibrium setup at near‐ambient pressure. On the contrary, the other chosen acids were comparatively less reactive with CO2.
What role do early life experiences play in eating disorders? The impact of parenting style, temperament and early maladaptive schemas
Authors: Joshua Phoebe R. , Lewis Vivienne , Simpson Susan , Kelty Sally F. , Boer Douglas P.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Given that most eating disorders develop in adolescence and early adulthood, early life experiences are said to play a key role in the aetiology of eating disorders. There are well‐documented relationships between early maladaptive schemas and eating disorders, early maladaptive schemas and temperament and temperament and perceived parenting style. The present study aimed to test a hypothesis that perceived parenting style predicts temperament, which predicts early maladaptive schemas, which predict eating disorder symptoms in young people.

Method

An online survey measured perceived parenting style, temperament, early maladaptive schemas and eating disorder symptoms in 397 people with disordered eating between the ages of 18 and 29. Path analysis was used to investigate the relationship between these elements.

Results

The results found support for this hypothesis. Perceived maladaptive parenting ratings for mothers were a stronger predictor of temperament, and only two temperament factors were adequate predictors of early maladaptive schemas.

Conclusions

Overall, the present study found preliminary support for a linear relationship where perceived parenting style predicts temperament, which predicts early maladaptive schema levels, which predicts eating disorder symptoms. The present study was the first to propose and test this model; however, further research is required to confirm the nature and extent of this relationship.
One‐Carbon Homologation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes: Access to α‐Tertiary β,γ‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Delbrassinne Arnaud , Takam Mba Boris Junior , Collard Laurent , Robiette Raphaël
Published: September 2023

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of enolizable α‐substituted β,γ‐unsaturated aldehydes is reported. The developed strategy involves two steps, epoxidation and Meinwald rearrangement, to result in a one‐carbon homologation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes enabling the insertion of a CHR unit.
The effect of different nerve block strategies on the quality of post‐operative recovery in breast cancer patients: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Wang Shun , Shi Jinghong , Dai Yunke , Zhang Jie , Liu Qiaoli , Yang Pingliang , Zhu Na
Published: September 2023

Objective

To compare the effects of three types of ultrasound‐guided nerve blocks on post‐operative recovery quality in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy for unilateral breast cancer.

Methods

In this randomized double‐blinded trial (chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2200059428), 150 female patients were equally assigned to S group (serratus anterior plane block, SAPB) group, P group (paravertebral block, PVB) or ST group (serratus anterior combined with transverse thoracic muscle plane blocks, SA‐TTMPB). The primary outcome was QoR‐15 at five time points after surgery. Secondary outcomes were pain scores, time of first rescue analgesic and chronic pain incidence at 3 months.

Results

The QoR‐15 total score of S group at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 days post‐surgery was significantly lower in groups P and ST, while there was no significant difference between groups P and ST (S vs. P vs. ST, 100.29 ± 6.20 vs. 108.51 ± 7.46 vs. 106.46 ± 6.95; 105.59 ± 6.18 vs. 113.06 ± 7.44 vs. 111.22 ± 6.56; 112.51 ± 6.32 vs. 119.88 ± 6.44 vs. 117.62 ± 6.09; 123.00 ± 5.78 vs. 128.86 ± 5.96 vs. 126.92 ± 5.72, p < 0.05). The dynamic and rest NRS scores at 6 and 12 h post‐surgery were significantly higher in group S than in groups P and ST.

Conclusion

Serratus anterior plane block combined with transverse thoracic muscle plane block and paravertebral block both have better effects than serratus anterior plane block alone in improving patients' early post‐operative recovery quality, and also have an advantage in improving early post‐operative pain.

Clinical Trial Registration

chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2200059428).

Date of Registration

29 April 2022.

Significance

Serratus anterior combined with transverse thoracic muscle plane block may be a safer, easier, and equally effective nerve block strategy than paravertebral block in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy for unilateral breast cancer.
What does it mean to be UndocuBlack? Exploring the double invisibility of Black undocumented immigrant students in U.S. colleges and universities
Authors: Russell Felecia S. , Rivarola Alonso R. Reyna
Published: September 2023

The scholarship concerning undocumented immigrant students continues to overlook the lives of Black undocumented immigrant (undocuBlack) students. This interpretative phenomenological study aims to increase awareness of how undocuBlack students experience college. Our findings suggest that undocuBlack students experience double invisibility because of two of their salient identities: Black and undocumented. Study participants overwhelmingly indicated feeling invisible, even in spaces presumably designed for Black and undocumented immigrant students, such as Black Student Unions and Undocumented Student Resource Centers. This article provides a grounding understanding of undocuBlack college students and concludes with recommendations for increasing the undocuBlack college student visibility in higher education and research.

Practical Takeaways

Diversify and Train College‐wide Institutional Agents. Hire and promote institutional agents and student leaders who intimately understand undocuBlack lives and issues. Train institutional agents on undocuBlack realities, which should involve partnering and paying (yes, paying) current and formerly undocuBlack immigrants who are content experts to share their experiences and research.

Center/ing UndocuBlack Student Voices: Review yearly programming calendars to ensure that undocuBlack stories are represented (e.g., Black History Month, Disability Pride Month, Latinx Heritage Month, Pride Month, Undocumented Immigrant Week/Month, and Women's Heritage Month, among others).

Cross‐Campus and Community Collaboration: Collaborate and disseminate reliable content from organizations, such as the Black Lives Matter movement, UndocuBlack Network, and Black Alliance for Just Immigration to strengthen our ties and widen our support for undocuBlack students and staff (and overall communities) on and off campus.
How much convergence exists between registered process measures and patient reported experience measures? A study on Catalan primary healthcare
Authors: Ballart Xavier , Rico Guillem
Published: September 2023

The use of quality measures is important for transparency and the continuous improvement of performance. However, we do not know enough about the relationship between registered process measures and patient reported experience measures (PREMs) in primary healthcare. Recent studies point to areas of convergence that run contrary anticipated trends. This is a relevant question for healthcare management and governments as their position is stronger when system's guidelines and targets also matter to patients or, vice versa, when patient‐centered measures are used to develop new process measures. Our aim is to study both type of measures, their logic and their level of convergence. We also assess the relationship between PREMs, patients' demographic characteristics and area socioeconomic level. We estimated pairwise correlations with patient experience aggregated at the health‐center level and a series of multilevel regression models to assess the adjusted effect of four registered process measures on ratings of patient experience at the patient level. We use patient experience as measured by survey data, two composite quality indices and two single indicators regularly computed by the Catalan Health Service. Continuity of care with the same doctor and accessibility are positively associated with patient experience. No relationship was observed in the index created to measure quality of assistance. The index measuring the quality of prescriptions was positively associated with patient experience but only when analyzed separately. We conclude that registered process measures and PREMs are not entirely independent, hence improvements of the management side have the potential to impact patient experience.
Variation characteristics of hydrological response to water conservancy construction in the Qinhe River Basin of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Guo Peng , Wang Fei , Zhou Xiawan , Lyu Jiqiang
Published: September 2023

Investigating the response characteristics of various hydrological factors to water conservancy projects area in basin and evaluating their impact on the ecological environment are crucial for ecological protection and restoration on the Loess Plateau, China, with a complex environment. In this study, we employed a geomorphology‐based hydrological model to simulate the hydrological elements of the Qinhe River Basin on the Loess Plateau. We explored the response characteristics of the water cycle and hydrological processes to the construction of reservoirs in the basin. Additionally, we also examined multiyear changes in peak flood volume and sediment discharge during flood seasons influenced by reservoirs. The sub‐basins hosting reservoirs initialled an increase in evaporation, followed by a decrease. During the change periods, both runoff and soil water decreased, but remained higher than the mean values for the basin during the same period. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index of sub‐basins associated with five reservoirs was obviously higher than the mean value for the basin during the same period. The peak flood volume and sediment discharge in the basin were characterized by decreasing trends, with the latter showing weak sustainability. The value of each index for a sub‐basin associated with a reservoir was higher than the average value for the basin. The construction and operation of reservoirs had a positive impact on the ecology of the basin. Water and soil conservation measures, including sediment regulation and storage using reservoirs, effectively decreased water hazard and soil erosion in the basin. This study provides a scientific basis for the construction of water conservancy projects and ecological governance in the basin.
Discovering targeted inhibitors for Escherichia coli efflux pump fusion proteins using computational and structure‐guided approaches
Authors: Chauhan Shweta Singh , Gupta Anshika , Srivastava Aashna , Parthasarathi Ramakrishnan
Published: September 2023

Multidrug resistance pathogens causing infections and illness remain largely untreated clinically. Efflux pumps are one of the primary processes through which bacteria develop resistance by transferring antibiotics from the interior of their cells to the outside environment. Inhibiting these pumps by developing efficient derivatives appears to be a promising strategy for restoring antibiotic potency. This investigation explores literature‐reported inhibitors of E. coli efflux pump fusion proteins AcrB‐AcrA and identify potential chemical derivatives of these inhibitors to overcome the limitations. Using computational and structure‐guided approaches, a study was conducted with the selected inhibitors (AcrA:25‐AcrB:59) obtained by data mining and their derivatives (AcrA:857‐AcrB:3891) to identify their inhibitory effect on efflux pump using virtual screening, molecular docking and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The finding indicates that Compound 2 (ZINC000072136376) has shown better binding and a significant inhibitory effect on AcrA, while Compound 3 (ZINC000072266819) has shown stronger binding and substantial inhibition effect on both non‐mutant and mutated AcrB subunits. The identified derivatives could exhibit a better inhibitor and provide a potential approach for restoring the actions of resistant antibiotics.
Immunogenicity of Cemiplimab: Low Incidence of Antidrug Antibodies and Cut‐Point Suitability Across Tumor Types
Authors: Valentine Jenny L. , Dengler Andrew , Zhao An , Truong Tiffany , McAfee Sean , Hassanein Mohamed , Irvin Susan C. , Chen Jihua , Meng Xiao , Yan Hong , Torri Albert , Sumner Giane , Andisik Matthew D. , Paccaly Anne , Partridge Michael A.
Published: September 2023

The immunogenicity of cemiplimab, a fully human immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody directed against programmed cell death 1, was assessed in patients across multiple tumor types. The development of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) against cemiplimab was monitored using a validated bridging immunoassay. To identify ADA‐positive samples in the assay, statistically determined cut points were established by analyzing baseline clinical study samples from a mixed population of different tumor types, and this validation cut point was used to assess immunogenicity in all subsequent studies. Regulatory guidance requires that ADA assay cut points be verified for appropriateness in different patient populations. Thus, for the cemiplimab ADA assay, we evaluated whether each new oncology population was comparable with the validation population used to set the cut point. Assay responses from 2393 individual serum samples from 8 different tumor types were compared with the validation population, using established statistical methods for cut‐point determination and comparison, with no significant differences observed. Across tumor types, the immunogenicity of cemiplimab was low, with an overall treatment‐emergent ADA incidence rate of 1.9% and 2.5% at intravenous dose regimens of 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks and 350 mg every 3 weeks, respectively. Moreover, no neutralizing antibodies to cemiplimab were detected in patients with ADA‐positive samples, and there was no observed impact of cemiplimab ADAs on pharmacokinetics. Study‐specific cut points may be required in some diseases, such as immune and inflammatory diseases; however, based on this analysis, in‐study cut points are not required for each new oncology disease indication for cemiplimab.
Postnatal development of the hippocampal GABAergic system in rats genetically prone to audiogenic seizures
Authors: Ivlev Andrey P. , Naumova Alexandra A.
Published: September 2023

Epileptogenesis can be associated with altered genetic control of the GABAergic system. Here we analyzed Krushinsky–Molodkina (KM) rats genetically prone to audiogenic epilepsy. KM rats express fully formed audiogenic seizures (AGSs) not early, then they reach 3 months. At the age of 1–2 months, KM rats either do not express AGS or demonstrate an incomplete pattern of seizure. Such long‐term development of AGS susceptibility makes KM rats an especially convenient model to investigate the mechanisms and dynamics of the development of inherited epilepsy. The analysis of the GABAergic system of the hippocampus of KM rats was done during postnatal development at the 15th, 60th, and 120th postnatal days. Wistar rats of corresponding ages were used as a control. In the hippocampus of KM pups, we observed a decrease in the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and parvalbumin (PV), which points to a decrease in the activity of GABAergic neurons. Analysis of the 2‐month‐old KM rats showed an increase in GAD67 and PV expression while synapsin I and vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) were decreased. In adult KM rats, the expression of GAD67, PV, and synapsin I was upregulated. Altogether, the obtained data indicate significant alterations in GABAergic transmission in the hippocampus of audiogenic KM rats during the first postnatal months.
S‐adenosylmethionine and nicotinamide riboside therapy in Arts syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Lee Angela , Knox Renatta , Reynolds Margaret , McRoy Erin , Nguyen Hoanh
Published: September 2023

Phospho‐ribosyl‐pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) deficiency is secondary to loss of function variants in PRPS1. This enzyme generates phospho‐ribosyl‐pyrophosphate (PRPP), which is utilized in the synthesis of purines, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and NAD phosphate (NADP), among other metabolic pathways. Arts syndrome, or severe PRPS1 deficiency, is an X‐linked condition characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss, optic atrophy, developmental delays, ataxia, hypotonia, and recurrent infections that can cause progressive clinical decline, often resulting in death before 5 years of age. Supplementation of the purine and NAD pathways outside of PRPP‐dependent reactions is a logical approach and has been reported in a handful of patients, two with S‐adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and one with SAMe and nicotinamide riboside (NR). We present the clinical course of a fourth Arts syndrome patient who was started on therapy and review previously reported patients. All patients had stability or improvement of symptoms, suggesting that SAMe and NR can be a treatment option in Arts syndrome, though further studies are warranted.
Neural responses to gender‐based microaggressions in academic medicine
Authors: Balters Stephanie , Foland‐Ross Lara C. , Bruno Jennifer , Periyakoil Vyjeyanthi S. , Valantine Hannah , Reiss Allan L.
Published: September 2023

Gender‐based microaggressions have been associated with persistent disparities between women and men in academia. Little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying those often subtle and unintentional yet detrimental behaviors. Here, we assessed the neural responses to gender‐based microaggressions in 28 early career faculty in medicine (N = 16 female, N = 12 male sex) using fMRI. Participants watched 33 videos of situations demonstrating gender‐based microaggressions and control situations in academic medicine. Video topics had been previously identified through real‐life anecdotes about microaggression from women faculty and were scripted and reenacted using professional actors. Primary voxel‐wise analyses comparing group differences in activation elucidated a significant group by condition interaction in a right‐lateralized cluster across the frontal (inferior and middle frontal gyri, frontal pole, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus) and parietal lobes (supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus). Whereas women faculty exhibited reduced activation in these regions during the microaggression relative to the control condition, the opposite was true for men. Posthoc analyses showed that these patterns were significantly associated with the degree to which participants reported feeling judged for their gender in academic medicine. Lastly, secondary exploratory ROI analyses showed significant between‐group differences in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus. Women activated these two regions less in the microaggression condition compared to the control condition, whereas men did not. These findings indicate that the observation of gender‐based microaggressions results in a specific pattern of neural reactivity in women early career faculty.
Cover Image
Authors: Du Tonghao , Liu Zhanggen , Guan Qianqian , Xiong Tao , Peng Fei
Published: September 2023

The cover image is based on the Research Article Application of soy protein isolate‐xylose conjugates for improving the viability and stability of probiotics microencapsulated by spray drying by Tonghao Du et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12728.

image
Optimizing the degradation of aflatoxin B1 in corn by Trametes versicolor and improving the nutritional composition of corn
Authors: Lou Haiwei , Li Yang , Yang Chuangming , Li Yonghui , Gao Yiyue , Li Yujin , Zhao Renyong
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Corn, being an important grain, is prone to contamination by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and AFB1‐contaminated corn severely endangers the health of humans and livestock. Trametes versicolor, a fungus that can grow in corn, possesses the ability to directly degrade AFB1 through its laccase. This study aimed to optimize the fermentation conditions for T. versicolor to degrade AFB1 in corn and investigate the effect of T. versicolor fermentation on the nutritional composition of corn. AFB1‐contaminated corn was used as the culture substrate for T. versicolor. A combination of single‐factor experiments and response surface methodology was employed to identify the optimal conditions of AFB1 degradation.

RESULTS

The optimal conditions of AFB1 degradation were as follows: 9 days of fermentation, a fermentation temperature of 26.7 °C, a moisture content of 70.5% and an inoculation amount of 4.9 mL (containing 51.99 mg of T. versicolor mycelia). With the optimal conditions, the degradation rate of AFB1 in corn could reach 93.01%, and the dry basis content of protein and dietary fiber in the fermented corn was significantly increased. More importantly, the lysine content in the fermented corn was also significantly increased.

CONCLUSION

This is the first report that direct fermentation of AFB1‐contaminated corn by T. versicolor not only efficiently degrades AFB1 but also improves the nutritional composition of corn. These findings suggest that the fermentation of corn by T. versicolor is a promising, environmentally friendly and efficient approach to degrade AFB1 and improve the nutritional value of corn. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Development and validation of a sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative analysis of bambermycin in livestock and aquatic products: Implications for food safety control and regulatory enforcement
Authors: Park Da‐Hee , Cho Hee‐Jung , Kang Se‐Hyeong , Lee Hong‐Hee , Shin Jae‐Yong , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Shin Ho‐Chul
Published: September 2023

A sensitive and accurate analytical method was developed and validated to detect bambermycin, a commonly used antibiotic in animal feed and livestock. The presence of bambermycin residues in food products can pose health risks to consumers, emphasizing the need for a sensitive and accurate analytical method. A reversed‐phase analytical column was utilized with a mobile phase comprising 0.005 mol/L ammonium acetate in 5% acetonitrile (A) and 0.005 mol/L ammonium acetate in 95% acetonitrile (B) to achieve effective chromatographic separation. Quantitative determination of bambermycin in various samples, including beef, pork, chicken, milk, eggs, flatfish, eel, and shrimp, was performed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Sample extraction involved a mixture of methanol and a 25% ammonium hydroxide solution, followed by low‐temperature purification and phospholipid removal utilizing a Phree cartridge. The method exhibited a satisfactory recovery rate ranging from 69% to 100%. Validation results demonstrated the reliability, robustness, and accuracy of the method, exhibiting good linearity, precision, and recovery. This validated method can be applied for routine analysis of bambermycin residues, assisting in the development of effective monitoring and control measures to ensure the safety of livestock and aquatic products.