bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A divulgação do risco nas demonstrações financeiras: uma análise ao anexo das sociedades não financeiras portuguesas
Authors: Silva Maria De Lima e , Albuquerque Fábio Henrique Ferreira de , Marcelino Manuela Maria , Quirós Joaquín Texeira
Published: May 2016

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a divulgação do risco efetuada por parte das sociedades não financeiras Portuguesas cotadas na Euronext de Lisboa ao longo dos anos de 2011 e 2012. Foram analisadas as características da informação divulgada em matérias ligadas ao risco tendo em conta o âmbito temporal, o caráter quantitativo ou qualitativo da informação, a natureza e a classificação do risco divulgado. Os dados para este estudo foram recolhidos a partir da análise de conteúdo ao anexo dos relatórios e contas (contas consolidadas) das entidades pertencentes à população durante o período de 2011 e 2012, resultando numa população de 36 entidades. Os referidos dados foram posteriormente submetidos a técnicas de análise univariada e bivariada baseada em testes não paramétricos, nomeadamente o teste de Wilcoxon. Os resultados demonstram que predomina a divulgação de informação financeira de forma qualitativa, referente ao passado e classificada como “boas notícias”. Pretende-se que os resultados desta investigação possam contribuir para a compreensão do tema desenvolvido, como é o caso dos elementos que se encontram na base da divulgação de informação de matérias ligadas ao risco.
Grau de eficiência técnica dos institutos federais de educação, ciência e tecnologia e a relação dos custos, indicativos de expansão e retenção junto aos escores de eficiência
Authors: Furtado Lorena Lucena , Campos Gabriel Moreira
Published: May 2016

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar a escala de eficiência técnica dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia e a relação dos custos, indicativos de expansão e retenção junto aos escores de eficiência, compreendendo o período de 2012 e 2013 perfazendo uma amostra formada por 19 unidades. Para verificar a eficiência técnica e as possíveis variáveis que impactam nos Institutos considerados eficientes e que não são eficientes, foram utilizados os indicadores elaborados pela Secretaria de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (SETEC) instituídos pelo TCU e apresentados anualmente no Relatório de Prestação de Contas. O resultado referente a eficiência demonstra que apenas 31% (n=6) dos Institutos analisados atingiram o escore de eficiência no ano de 2012 e, também, no ano de 2013. Há evidências de que os Institutos considerados eficientes apresentaram melhores resultados médios de concluintes por alunos matriculados e menores Gastos correntes por alunos matriculados indicando que a obtenção do resultado não está condicionado a maiores dispêndios.
Mecanismos Disciplinadores da Gestão de Custos Interorganizacionais e Economia dos Custos de Transação: um ensaio teórico
Authors: Gonzaga Rosimeire Pimentel , Aillón Humberto Silva , Fehr Lara Cristina Francisco de Almeida , Borinelli Márcio Luiz , Rocha Wellington
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo buscou verificar se os mecanismos disciplinadores presentes na estrutura conceitual da Gestão de Custos Interorganizacionais (GCI) estão relacionados aos mecanismos de governança previstos pela Economia dos Custos de Transação (ECT), enquanto instrumentos para salvaguardar relações contratuais. O trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de um ensaio teórico, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, tendo como contribuição principal para a literatura, a identificação da existência de relacionamentos entre mecanismos já consolidados da ECT, a qual busca verificar a forma como ocorrem as transações, e os mecanismos recentes da GCI, que busca por meio do gerenciamento de custos, a otimização do retorno total da cadeia de valor além dos limites da própria empresa. Como conclusão do trabalho constatou-se que, mesmo sendo recente a literatura acerca da GCI, os mecanismos disciplinadores utilizados por este artefato da Gestão Estratégica de Custos vão ao encontro dos mecanismos de governança utilizados pela ECT, ao apresentarem relação e sinergia em diversos dos mecanismos analisados.
A Influência do Tamanho da Empresa na Informação Contábil: Evidências em Empresas Large Caps e Small Caps Listadas na BM&FBovespa
Authors: Yokoyama Karen Yukari , Baioco Vitor Gomes , Rodrigues Sobrinho William Brasil , Sarlo Neto Alfredo
Published: May 2016

O presente trabalho investigou a relação de aspectos da informação contábil com o nível de capitalização das empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo, classificadas em Large Caps ou Small Caps, empresas de maior e menor capitalização, respectivamente, no período de 2010 a 2012. Foram abordadas três métricas da informação contábil: informatividade, conservadorismo e relevância, por meio da aplicação dos modelos da informatividade dos lucros de Easton e Harris (1991), o modelo de conservadorismo condicional de Basu (1997) e o modelo de value relevance, baseado em Ohlson (1995). Os resultados apontaram que embora as Large Caps apresentem maior grau de conservadorismo, seus números contábeis mostraram-se menos informativos e mais relevantes em comparação às Small Caps. Devido à maior produção de informação privada (predisclosure) em torno das empresas de maior porte, o mercado tenderia a responder com menos força ou surpresa à publicação das informações contábeis dessas empresas, ao passo que a própria escassez de informação antecipada, tornaria o efeito da divulgação desses números mais preponderante para as empresas de menor porte (Small Caps).
Caso de Ensino: Abertura de Capital e Implantação de Sistema de Governança Corporativa em uma Empresa Familiar
Authors: Oliveira Isaac Gezer Silva de , Rodrigues Herbert Simões , Rodrigues Sobrinho William Brasil , Almeida José Elias Feres de
Published: May 2016

Prime Hospitality Group (PHG) é uma empresa familiar, fundada há 17 anos pelo Sr. Milton Albuquerque, com hotéis e resorts espalhados em diversas regiões do País. Recentemente, a companhia decidiu realizar uma abertura de capital na BM&FBOVESPA. Entretanto, a realização de um IPO motiva diversas alterações na estrutura da empresa. Essas mudanças geram custos e alteram a visão dos membros da família e dos diversos stakeholders envolvidos no processo. O presente caso propõe uma acertiva do impacto da implantação de um mecanismo de governança corporativa, em virtude da realização da abertura de capital em uma empresa familiar.
Estrutura de propriedade e disclosure econômico e socioambiental nas maiores empresas do Brasil
Authors: Almeida Tatiana Aquino , Santos Lahis Muriel Feliciano dos , Cabral Augusto Cézar de Aquino , Santos Sandra Maria dos , Pessoa Maria Naiula Monteiro
Published: May 2016

A evidenciação das práticas sustentáveis tornou-se importante na busca por vantagens competitivas, possibilitando o atendimento às expectativas dos diversos stakeholders. Assim, o estudo tem por objetivo investigar a relação entre a estrutura de propriedade e o disclosure voluntário econômico e socioambiental nas maiores empresas brasileiras, analisando a concentração acionária e a identidade do acionista controlador. Para a análise, foram consideradas as perspectivas econômica, social e ambiental abordadas tanto de forma individual quanto conjunta. A amostra reúne 47 empresas das 100 maiores companhias abertas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, conforme a revista Exame Melhores e Maiores, edição 2013. A pesquisa possui caráter descritivo e abordagem quantitativa dos dados, empregando a Regressão Linear Múltipla como método estatístico. A análise descritiva das perspectivas do disclosure (econômico, social, ambiental e sustentabilidade) evidenciou que o aspecto ambiental apresentou menor média de divulgação. As organizações de controle estatal destacaram-se com maior média em três dos quatro níveis de disclosure: econômico, social e de sustentabilidade. Quanto à aplicação do teste estatístico, os modelos de regressão não apresentaram significância estatística, indicando que, para as empresas da amostra, a estrutura de propriedade não exerce influência sobre o disclosure econômico e socioambiental.
Fatores Determinantes da Divulgação de Informações Voluntária Social: Evidências Empíricas no Brasil
Authors: Rufino Maria Audenôra , Machado Márcia Reis
Published: May 2016

A responsabilidade social corporativa se refere às preocupações sociais relacionadas ao meio ambiente, aos recursos humanos e ao envolvimento com a comunidade. A divulgação voluntária de informações sociais ocorre de forma heterogênea e algumas empresas optam por evidenciar uma quantidade maior de informações e com maior riqueza de detalhes. Ciente disso, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar os fatores determinantes da divulgação voluntária de informações de caráter social das empresas brasileiras, no período de 2010 a 2012. A partir das teorias (stakeholders e divulgação voluntária) e dos estudos anteriores, construíram-se seis hipóteses sobre os possíveis fatores determinantes da divulgação voluntária social (tamanho, concentração acionária, rentabilidade, leverage, setor regulado e reputação). O universo desta pesquisa foram as empresas de capital aberto listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, no período de 2010 a 2012. A amostra foi composta pelas 100 empresas listadas na BM&FBovespa com ações mais negociadas durante os 12 meses do ano de 2012. Quanto aos modelos econométricos, utilizou-se painel com efeitos aleatório estimado por OLS, sendo a variável dependente os índices de divulgação social e as variáveis independentes, os prováveis fatores determinantes. Os resultados sugeriram que o tamanho da empresa, a rentabilidade, a reputação e o setor regulado foram fatores considerados determinantes da divulgação voluntária social. Constatou-se que os stakeholders, o governo e a sociedade podem influenciar a divulgação voluntária social. A variável “rentabilidade” aponta que as empresas menos rentáveis divulgaram mais informações voluntárias sociais, o que pode ser indício de uma tentativa da empresa de desviar a atenção dos stakeholders do desempenho financeiro.
A relevância da estrutura de capital no desempenho das firmas: uma análise multivariada das empresas brasileiras de capital aberto
Authors: Machado Luiz Kennedy Cruz , Do Prado José Willer , Vieira Kelly Carvalho , Antonialli Luiz Marcelo , Dos Santos Antônio Carlos
Published: May 2016

As mudanças econômicas ocorridas nos últimos anos tornaram a dinâmica do mercado brasileiro mais complexo, o que impacta diretamente na administração de grandes organizações, principalmente em tarefas de cunho gerencial, como é o caso das decisões referentes à definição da estrutura de capital. Contudo, a literatura desse campo teórico está polarizada em dois trabalhos seminais: o primeiro, de Durand (1952, 1959), aborda a existência de uma estrutura ótima de capital que maximiza o valor da firma; e, no outro extremo, o trabalho de Modigliani e Miller (1958, 1963) considera que o modo como as firmas se financiam é irrelevante. Nesse sentido, o objetivo foi verificar a efetiva interferência da estrutura de capital no desempenho das firmas brasileiras listadas na BM&FBOVESPA. A amostra se constituiu em dados de corte transversal (cross section) e foram selecionados dos últimos balanços de todas as empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, disponíveis na base de dados Economática®. As técnicas utilizadas foram a análise de variância (ANOVA) e a análise discriminante. Entre os indicadores utilizados, observou-se que apenas a liquidez geral, o grau de imobilização, a Q de Tobin, e a oportunidade de crescimento, foram significativas a 1%. Os resultados encontrados indicam que a estrutura de capital não está diretamente relacionada com o desempenho das firmas brasileiras listadas na BM&FBOVESPA. Nesse ínterim, os resultados apontam para a consolidação das teorias financeiras expostas por Modigliani e Miller (1958, 1963) em oposição à corrente tradicionalista iniciada nos estudos de Durand (1952).
Problem-Based Learning no Ensino de Contabilidade Gerencial: Relato de uma Experiência Brasileira
Authors: Martins Daiana Bragueto , Espejo Márcia Maria Dos Santos Bortolocci , Frezatti Fábio
Published: May 2016

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo relatar a operacionalização do método PBL em uma disciplina Contabilidade Gerencial no curso de Ciências Contábeis de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior brasileira. A técnica de pesquisa utilizada foi o estudo de caso que envolveu uma abordagem descritiva das aulas de PBL, cujo propósito foi apresentar as propriedades das aulas, a forma de agir e o perfil dos discentes e dos professores. A pesquisa de campo ocorreu em 2013. A coleta de dados é proveniente das entrevistas realizadas com professores, da observação participante e da análise documental. A análise empírica da presente pesquisa teve por alicerce os estudos de Araújo e Arantes (2009), Dochy, Segers, Bossche e Gijbels (2003), Duch, Groh e Allen (2001), MacDonald e Savin-Baden (2004), Ribeiro (2008), Schmidt (1983), Sockalingam e Schimidt (2011), entre outros. Os resultados evidenciam que a integração entre os acadêmicos e as empresas a partir da utilização dos problemas práticos e reais trazidos pelos alunos do ambiente de trabalho proporciona ganhos, tais como: o discente amplia o potencial de resolução de problemas de ordem prática e profissional; e a empresa é beneficiada, tendo em vista que poderá receber, futuramente, profissionais qualificados, aptos à pesquisa e à proposição de solução de problemas. Os professores também ganham, pois são expostos a um ambiente contemporâneo, que proporcionam maior atualização em termos de utilização de conceitos e teorias, devido a sua contextualização. O PBL ajuda a abarcar os estudantes da geração Y, tendo em vista que o desejo de participação e comunicação em ambiente interativo com utilização de ferramentas tecnológicas são as grandes marcas dessa geração. Constatou-se que as competências desenvolvidas na abordagem do PBL são similares àquelas exigidas do contador gerencial.
A LQR Design With Rejection of Disturbances and Robustness to Load Variations Applied to a Buck Converter
Authors: Junior Luiz A. Maccari , Valle Rodolfo L. , Ferreira André A. , Barbosa Pedro G. , Montagner Vinícius F.
Published: May 2016

This work presents a state feedback controller suitable to regulate the output voltage of DC-DC buck converters operating under input voltage disturbances and load variations. First, a state space model of the plant is given and the performance requirements are presented, in terms of bounds on rejection of disturbances, bounds on settling time of transient responses and robustness against load variations. Then, a control design procedure based on a linear quadratic regulator is proposed, having the following features: (a) an Hinf analysis condition to certify the bound on the rejection of disturbances, (b) an eigenvalue evaluation, to ensure the bound on the settling times of the slowest mode in the transient responses, and (c) a Lyapunov condition to ensure the robustness of the closed-loop system under load variations. The proposed design procedure produces control gains suitable for experimental implementation. For sake of comparison, a robust state feedback Hinf controller with pole location constraints is given, and show very large gains, not suitable for experimental implementation. Practical results with the proposed controller are shown, illustrating the very good performance of the system operating under input disturbance and load variations.
Penerapan Pemodelan Spasial pada Sistem Informasi Geografis Tenaga Kesehatan Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Auliasari Karina , - Sukmadiningtyas
Published: May 2016

Abstract—Geographic information systems can improve the health services to the community. This system able to provide spatial considerations in determining the type of health services and accessibility to public health facilities.The increase of health care needs, especially in Kabupaten Malang still has an unbalanced ratio between health-care facilities and service needs, so that the necessary to improve the facility and medical personnel. In this research is to developed a geographic information system that provide the visualization. The visualization of the mapping is visualization the distribution of medical personnel in Kabupaten Malang. The system generates mapping visualization that equipped with a comparative analysis of the number of medical personnel and the population of Kabupaten Malang. In this system also provides a potential data of health facilities in Kabupaten Malang. The system is also supported with data management to change facilities and medical personnel data. Results from the mapping showed that the health personnel, particularly physicians uneven. Nine of a total of thirty-three districts in Malang has a number of doctors that excessive when compared with the rest of the other districts are still lacking.
Implementasi Fmadm Untuk Mendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Jenis Lampu Di Laboratorium Teknologi Informasi Politeknik Negeri Padang
Authors: Nova Fitri
Published: May 2016

Abstrac – Lighting installation is very necessary in designing a building. The amount oflight intensity on each room is different depending on the us ability of the room it self. Simple Additive weighting (SAW) method could be used in selecting the right lamp. The greater the value of alternative earn edit the better alternative. Based on this SAW method, it is advisable touse lights that are LED with the highest on value of 9.66, then the TL lamps with a criteria on value of 6.93.
Idea to Publication: Sharing Your Clinical Innovations
Authors: Raines Deborah A.
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Nurses are actively involved in the development of innovative practice projects and in the development of evidence-based guidelines. But rarely are the ideas of nurses and clinical leaders shared in professional publications. This column discusses the importance of sharing one’s work through publication and provides strategies to get started.
Combined Intra-Articular and Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Reduces Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Nielsen Christian Skovgaard , Jans Øivind , Ørsnes Thue , Foss Nicolai Bang , Troelsen Anders , Husted Henrik
Published: May 2016

Background:

In total knee arthroplasty, both intravenous (IV) and intra-articular (IA) administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) have been shown to reduce blood loss in several randomized controlled trials, although routine use of systemic TXA is considerably more common. However, to our knowledge, the additional benefit of IA administration of TXA when combined with IV administration, without the use of a tourniquet, has not been previously investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether combined IV and IA administration of TXA reduced total blood loss compared with IV-only administration of TXA.

Methods:

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 60 patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty were randomized to one of two interventions. The TXA IV and IA group received combined administration of TXA consisting of 1 g administered intravenously preoperatively and 3 g diluted in 100 mL of saline solution administered intra-articularly after closure of the capsule. The TXA IV and placebo group received 1 g of TXA administered intravenously only and 100 mL of saline solution administered intra-articularly. IA TXA was administrated through a needle. The primary outcome was the 24-hour calculated blood loss. Secondary outcomes were blood loss on postoperative day 2, thromboembolic complications, and transfusion rate. Blood loss was calculated by hemoglobin differences using the Gross formula.

Results:

Data on the primary outcome were available for all 60 included patients. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the allocation groups. The mean 24-hour blood loss (and standard deviation) was 466 ± 313 mL in the TXA IV and IA group compared with 743 ± 358 mL in the TXA IV and placebo group; treatment effect (difference), 277 mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 103 to 451 mL) (p = 0.002). Second-day blood loss was 644 ± 382 mL in the TXA IV and IA group compared with 1017 ± 519 mL in the TXA IV and placebo group; treatment effect, 373 mL (95% CI, 132 to 614 mL) (p = 0.003). No thromboembolic complications were observed within 90 days postoperatively.

Conclusions:

The combined administration of IV and IA TXA resulted in a clinically relevant reduction in blood loss of 37% compared with IV TXA alone both at 24 hours postoperatively and on postoperative day 2. No thromboembolic complications were observed.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Application of Hyperbolic S-transform in Environmental Gravity Investigation
Authors: Mousavi Naeim , Ardestani Vahid E.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a new method is developed based on downward continuation with a varying shape window of hyperbolic S-transforms to estimate the depth of subsurface structures from gravity data. To increase the sensitivity of the algorithm to better define the top surface of a buried structure (i.e., enhanced resolution of short wavelength features), the Fourier transform operator in the downward continuation equation is replaced by a hyperbolic S-transform window with critical shape parameters. The hyperbolic S-transform allows us to focus on the high wavenumber features in the gravity data. Using the downward continuation equation, the greater the continuation level, the more unstable the values of the continued gravity data will be because of the exponentially increasing effects of continuation level within the formula. One of the objectives of our method is to employ a new formula for depth estimation based on a variant version of downward continuation, where the exponential operator is replaced by a logarithmic operator. Because the logarithm has a slow increase initially (gravity anomalies are usually located at the early portion of the position–wavenumber space), a result is the gradual increase in depth values, which avoids large and unrealistic variations in the calculated depths. Unlike the Fourier transform, the S-transform provides depth values dependent on both position and wavenumber. This allows us to average different calculated depths at each station to obtain a value for the depth in each position. The estimated depth values for gravity sources are referenced to the x-axis, because the S-transform provides the localized Fourier spectrum of data. The depth values must be averaged to decrease spatial shifting of locally obtained depths. Moreover, the averaging neutralizes the repetitive depth information that occurs through S-transforms of the original gravity data, rather than the S-transform of the analytic signal of gravity data. Analysis of synthetic and field gravity data illustrates the usefulness of the hyperbolic S-transform for estimating depth values of geologic structures.
Performing the Networks of Domestic and Public Persona
Authors: Moore Christopher , Barbour Kim
Published: May 2016

In this preamble to the newest collection of contributions to Persona Studies, we draw on the growing terminology from its initial offerings to consider the co-infiltration of the public and the domestic in the presentation of the online self. We provide two case studies that explore the overlapping of regions of public life that interface with social media and provide individuals with the means to curate persona micro-publics. These very different examples of persona performance are both organised around accounting for the ‘intercommunication’ of self-identification and presentational media (Marshall ‘Persona Studies’). Further, we suggest that the public spaces of social media and the web have been domesticated; that is, they have been made to ‘fit’ into the interpersonal demands of an individual’s many micro-publics of attention. This domestication has occurred via the individualised presentational media strategies of persona formation, such as memes and selfies, involved in the intercommunication of the self across multiple platforms and services to perform different roles.
Eight flute tunes from Butembo, east Belgian Congo: an analysis in two parts, musical and physical: Part 1
Authors: Blacking John
Published: May 2016

The eight tunes were recorded by Mr. Hugh Tracey on July 24th, 1952, at Butembo, near Lake Edward, North-East Belgian Congo. The performer was Katsuba Mwongolo, a Nande herdsman who roams the highlands on the eastern border of the Congo where the hills run alongside the great western rift opposite the Ruwenzori Mountains. Mwongolo plays the flute all day to his goats and has developed, so they say, a distinct style of his own.
The Shantu music of the Harims of Nigeria
Authors: MacKay Mercedes
Published: May 2016

Perhaps the most fascinating of all Nigerian music is the Shantu music and soft rhythmical singing which comes from the women’s courtyards of the Muslim Harims. I do not know of any other music either in Africa or the world which can be compared to it. Recently I have been able to obtain a tape recording of this music, which is a very difficult thing to come by because the songs themselves are of a very private and intimate nature, and it is impossible for a man to gain access to the women’s quarters. The wife of a student anthropologist managed this however, and I believe that this recording (not very good, alas) is unique.
Brief report of a music course conducted at Siriba for the Nyanza Musical Society
Authors: Hyslop Graham H.
Published: May 2016

Music, like so many other things in Africa today, is going through a period of transition. There are those who feel that genuine African music must always conform to the traditional patterns of the past. Others are of the opinion that the old music of the country cannot survive the severe shock of impact with Western culture. In Kenya, the Nyanza Musical Society is quite outstanding in its intelligent approach to this subject. This Society which was formed as long ago as 1941 has two main objects in view. It exists to encourage the performance and development of the traditional music of Africa, and to introduce to those unfamiliar with it, the best musical traditions of the West. One way in which the Society does this is by the organisation of Music Festivals. Several years ago it was very wisely decided to plan a music course for all choir-masters entering choirs for the Festival. As a result, two things have happened. The standard of performance at the Festivals has improved enormously, and possibly even more important, there has been an increasing interest in the serious study of music.
The discovery of multiple rock gongs in Nigeria
Authors: Fagg Bernard
Published: May 2016

The first recorded discovery of ringing rocks used for the production of musical notes was made at Birnin Kudu in Kano Emirate (9'30"E., 11 'N.) in June, 1955, during field investigations of the recently discovered rock paintings, the first to be found in Nigeria. The term ‘rock gong’ is here used to denote the small percentage of the numerous natural rock boulders, slabs, spalls and exfoliations abounding in the rocky hills of Nigeria which vibrate with a ringing tone when struck and which also show indisputable evidence of having been used as percussion instruments.
Individual names given to talking-gongs in the Yalemba area of Belgian Congo
Authors: Carrington John F.
Published: May 2016

The practice of giving individual names to talking-gongs has been reported for some central African tribes but is not known among all peoples using this musical instrument. It has been found to be common in the Yalemba area of Belgian Congo (Basoko territory, Oriental province) among groups using the gong-language known as (h?) So based on the spoken language of the (ba)So tribe. The following article is an attempt to put on record some of these instrumental names while at the same time recording measurements of gongs made in the field.
The origin of present day musical taste in Nigeria
Authors: Lane Michael G.M.
Published: May 2016

In considering the music of Nigeria, its future and its past, it is essential that an appreciation of its cultural environment and evolution is taken into account, the present day trends and tastes being a direct reflection of traditional modes. The African population of Nigeria is divided into numerous tribes, speaking different languages, worshipping various Gods and differing completely from one another in manners and customs.
A hobbyist looks at Zulu and Xhosa songs
Authors: Swartz J.F.A.
Published: May 2016

My interest in Bantu songs was that of the singer. I wanted Bantu songs to sing and to teach others to sing. I have not developed the ethnologist's interest in Bantu songs. I have, in other words, not concerned myself with the folklore aspect of Bantu songs. It was development from the primitive to Bantu songs of today that intrigued me.

I have, for myself, made three very interesting discoveries.

The first is that the language of the Southern Bantu, particularly Xhosa which I have studied, is a wonderful language of song. I have come to regard it as second to none in this respect. I shall return to this point presently.

My second discovery was the range of Bantu songs from the point of view of development, or should I say, levels of development. My third discovery follows on because it concerns the host of Bantu song-writers in the Eastern Cape, particularly. I was amazed to find so many educated Xhosas and Zulus, trying their hand at song writing.
Music in African churches
Authors: Lury Canon E.E.
Published: May 2016

The story goes that a very beautiful setting of the Te Deum, based on a Native African melody, was sung On a great occasion in Kampala Cathedral. One of the members of U.M.C.A., was present, and, in conversation afterwards, remarked to the Bishop of Uganda how much he admired it. Shortly afterwards, however, at luncheon a very keen and educated African Christian leaned across to the same Bishop and said "Bishop, you must never allow that Te Deum to be sung again in the Cathedral; it has too many wrong associations for us.
Notes on Canon Lury's article
Authors: Tracey Hugh
Published: May 2016

Canon Lury expresses in this article (which we reproduce by kind permission of the Editor of The Journal of the Universitiesâ€™ Mission to Central Africa) several opinions which have been gaining ground throughout Africa in recent years. The African Music Society and the staff of the International Library of African Music have found increasing interest in the possibility of bringing scientific knowledge to bear upon this important part of mission work throughout the continent. We hope the publication of this and similar articles in our Journal will stimulate interest in new religious music for Africa, and it is with this end in view that we now add a few editorial notes in extension of what Canon Lury has written.
Music in West African churches
Authors: Parrinder E.G.
Published: May 2016

It has been estimated that some twenty million Africans have become Christians; more than the total number of Christians in all the countries of Asia. This great movement towards Christianity is undoubtedly due largely to the breakdown of traditional African ways of life. In West Africa, Islam also has profited by the change to extend its sway, especially in Northern Nigeria and parallel territories but hardly at all in Eastern Nigeria or the lower Gold Coast. The importance of music in African religious life is widely recognised, but this now needs to be considered in its modern forms and in the new religions which have largely replaced the old. It is curious that Islam, which bans all music in the mosque, should be so successful. But outside the mosque Muslims are notorious for their festivals and dances, and these have a great popular appeal. A full study of modern African Muslim music needs yet to be made.
The use of African music in the church
Authors: Louw Johan K.
Published: May 2016

After my short experience of work amongst African people in Nyasaland—because I admit that 14 years is not a very long period—I am becoming more and more convinced that the foreignness of the music we use in worship is a very important contributant factor in making the Christian religion to be something Western in the mind of many an African. There is, as far as I can judge, a translation of the Bible in the Nyanja language, which is, in many ways, a very admirable translation. So much of the life of the people we meet in the Bible is more like that of the people of the Country of the Lake than like that of modern Westerners that the Bible speaks to the Nyanja reader and makes its own appeal to his mind and heart. Some attempts have been made recently to bring our forms of worship closer to the life of the people, though much more may need to be done. But in this most important field of music very nearly nothing has been done with regard to the hymnbook used at present.
Yoruba religious music
Authors: Carrol K.
Published: May 2016

A Jesuit writer on mission theory wrote that he could not conceive how an African could worship God without dancing. We often hear nowadays of Mass chants being sung to the beating of tom-toms. To the surprise of European enthusiasts, African clergymen do not always react favourably to such developments. Can we dismiss such a reaction as due to inferiority complex? Or might it not be due to a misunderstanding about the true nature of African music? In a letter, S. M. Katana points out that Africans have a particular type of ceremonial music which expresses “feelings of worship” and he gives as an example the ceremonial music of the Buganda and Bunyoro.
The Tuareg of the Ahaggar
Authors: Holiday Geoffrey
Published: May 2016

The origins of the Tuareg tribe are particularly interesting in that they have as yet to be definitely established. Their antecedents go back anything between 600 and a 1,000 years and it is supposed that they are an offshoot of the Berber Arabs, driven into the desert during one of the many invasions of the Tel, the fertile coastal belts of Algeria and Morocco, that continued up to the 13th century when the Moors became really established on the Barbary coast. Likewise, the Berbers with their light skins and blue eyes are probably descended from the Vandals who invaded north Africa some 300 years earlier. Legend, though not springing from the Tuareg themselves, suggests they grew out of a lost band of Crusaders that wandered into the desert after the Holy wars of the middle ages: a legend that draws attention to the Tuareg’s use of chain mail and long two-handed swords and to his stature and Aryan features. The language of the Tuareg is called Tamahaq; their speech soft and guttural. In its written form, Tifinar, the alphabet is possibly that of the ancient Libyans. The hieroglyphics are utterly unlike Arabic and the construction of the alphabet is consonantal, a feature which makes the task of translation difficult. For many years now Dr. Wakefield, an Englishwoman, has been living in Tamanrasset making a study of Tamahaq and translating the Bible. It is already 8 years ago that the National Bible Society of Scotland published the Book of Ruth for missionary work among the Tuareg based on Dr. Wakefield’s studies.
"Negro rhythm in the Americas"- being extracts from an article originally written in Spanish
Authors: Oderigo Néstor R. Ortiz
Published: May 2016

The drum language was imported to the New World by Negroes. Fernando Ortiz, the great Cuban scholar, in his book entitled ‘Los Negros Esclavos’ (La Habana, 1916) writes “During the conspiratorial days, the Negroes could understand each other by transmitting their rebellious ideas from one zone to another by means of the sound of their drums”. Moreover, in African and Afro-American music, drums are not only rhythmical instruments- Cultural anthropologists and ethnologists have long accepted their melodic character. Twenty five years ago the well-known musicologist, Dr. Erich Moritz von Hornbostel noted the fact that striking upon different parts of the drum head produced different notes and created a certain degree of polyphony. And more recently Dr. Melville Herskovits, in his book entitled “Man and his Works” (Nueva York, 1948) wrote that drums never completely lack tonality.
Society of Ethnomusicology
Authors: Rhodes Willard
Published: May 2016

In December, 1952, at the 51st Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association in Philadelphia, David P. McAllester, Alan P. Merriam, and the writer, met and decided to attempt to re-establish communication among scholars in the field of ethnomusicology. To this group was added Charles Seeger, at that time Director of Music and Art of the Pan-American Union, Washington, D.C. Seeger had been President of the American Society for Comparative Musicology before it became defunct

in the late 1930’s, and was able to supply a sense of continuity with the past while contributing valuable advice in the development of a program of action.
Drums down the centuries
Authors: Jones A.M.
Published: May 2016

No traveller in Africa today, exploring African culture, can be unaware of the central place occupied by drumming, singing and dancing. It is so widespread that we take it for granted. But it might be of interest to pause and to ask, “How long has this been going on?—Has Africa always been like this?” Knowing the remarkable imitative capacity of the African, we might invoke history to suggest that possibly he has acquired this culture from outside influences—from the powerful and widespread influence of Islam, for example. History has, however, left its own record in the diaries of travellers, and the notes of geographers, the sifting of which leaves an interesting deposit of information about African music and dancing down the centuries. There is a curious charm in reading what our forefathers noted about the subject,—a charm which arises partly from the satisfaction of projecting ourselves into the Africa of the past, partly from the quaintness of their language, and not least from the attitude with which these old writers approached African music, some of whose observations are very acute. Space forbids us from quoting in exfenso, and ignorance no doubt hides from us many other interesting references. It might be worth while for our Society to collect more quotations sent in by readers.
An African orchestra in Ghana
Authors: Osafo F. Onwona
Published: May 2016

In Ghana, the string section of the African orchestra consists mainly of the native guitars and violins. They are of different shapes and sizes, and are generally made of wood, large calabashes or gourds, and animal skins or leather. The strings, which may be between four and six in number, are made from the sinews of a sheep, cow, cat or any other domestic or bush animal suitable for the purpose, although wire is sometimes used. Animal sinew is normally used for the bows of the native violins. The guitars are plucked and the violins are bowed, but on rare occasions they, also, are plucked. The tone quality of these two instruments vary. Some are calm, ethereal and penetrating, some are warm, rich and expressive, and others are nasal, harsh and serious.
Modern trends in Ghana music
Authors: Nketia J.H.
Published: May 2016

In Ghana two new musical traditions have emerged as a result of the forces of acculturation out of which Ghana herself has been born. The first which has developed gradually over the past sixty years or more is fairly well standardized and is popularly known by the English title of High Life, a title which reflects the early attitude of people to it as a new but somewhat insidious form of social music. Though based on gay rhythms of African foundation, it began from the inspiration of Western band music which was admired for its noisy splendour, and later the ballroom at which thoughtful Africans never looked favourably. These incorporated percussion and movement, and suggested a new line for creating a gay type of African music which would be markedly different from the lighter type of traditional music.
Musical memories of Nigeria
Authors: Kingslake Brian
Published: May 2016

Most of the instruments I heard were percussive. There were the ordinary tomtom and drum, and some extraordinary drums carved for juju ceremonial. There were logs of wood hollowed out through a slot, with one “cheek” thinner than the other and thus giving a higher note when struck. Then there was the Ilu or dundun drum. The wooden part is shaped like an hour glass; there is a skin head at each end, the skins being joined together all round by thonging. You hold it under your left arm and strike the upper head with a drumstick curved like a crane’s bill; by squeezing and relaxing the arm pressure on the thongs, you can raise or lower the pitch of the note. The result is an intriguing “pop pop pop” running with great mobility up and down over a range of a full fifth. This instrument is used also as a “talking drum” for conveying messages. Rattles? All sorts. One like a pepper pot containing seeds. One a gourd or calabash covered with a bead net which rattles beautifully when shaken. Or a species of nut shells strung together, which make an almost deafening row. Then there are gongs: round, square or flat, of iron or brass. Every senior Chief has his private band, which plays perpetually; also a bard to sing his praises. There are traditional songs for every occasion: birth, initiation, marriage, death, the propitiation of ancestors, and so on. Cult groups have their own songs; and different kinds of song are sung with a different quality of voice.
The Atilogwu dance
Authors: MacKay Mercedes , Ene Augustine
Published: May 2016

This dance is now being seen quite frequently in London and some other European cities, and is especially welcome to those interested in African culture. For years the more serious minded of us were not permitted to see the virile West African dances in their original form because it was feared by their African exponents that they would give the impression of being “primitive” in the derogatory sense of that word. But a better form of nationalism is now evident, with splendid musicians like Ghanaian Philip Gbeho, and Nigerian E. L. Lasibikan proudly showing African culture to the world in its untampered form. Africans are becoming less ashamed of a naked torso than a Scot is ashamed of his naked knees and thighs when he dons his traditional kilt.
Songs of the Ketu cult of Bahia (transcriptions)
Authors: Merriam Allan P.
Published: May 2016

The transcriptions printed here refer to the article by Dr. Alan P. Merriam on pages 53-67 of the previous edition of the fournal (No. 3). The Editor regrets that owing to a misunderstanding they were not printed together with the article at the time. Notes referring to the transcriptions will be found on page 67 of Journal Vol. I, No. 3.
Influence of Perceived CSR Activities on Customer Loyalty: An Empirical Study on Leading Electronics Manufacturer of India
Authors: Joshi Ms. Jyoti
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the perceived CSR activities influence customer loyalty with reference to India’s leading electronics manufacturer. The study used a quantitative approach in cross-sectional design. A survey among Indian customers of electronics was conducted as a method for data collection. After data collection, a statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results confirm a positive relationship between perceived CSR and customer loyalty on the leading Indian electronics company. From a theoretical perspective, this study broadens our knowledge base by generating deeper insights into the concepts of CSR and consumer behavior. From a managerial perspective, this study suggests that proper CSR positioning leads to an important competitive advantage. It also suggests intrinsically driven CSR activities.
Mutual Fund Industry and its Prospects in Indian Scenario
Authors: Shah Ragini , Humra Yashba
Published: May 2016

Institutions and banks have been an integral part of capital market operations. Small investors, who possess limited income, find it difficult to pool their saving in the capital market. To cater the needs of small investors under the guidance of professional team of experts mutual fund came into existence. Moreover, India’s savings rate has been between 30-35 percent since last few years but investment in mutual funds have been minimal as compared to other avenues of investment. However, mutual fund business follows a Business to Business model (B2B) rather than a Business to Consumer (B2C) model and hence, distribution is a critical success factor for any mutual fund. Thus, an effort is being made by the professionals to make mutual fund as a pull model rather than a push model. The paper aims to center towards the inception and growth of mutual fund in India. Indian mutual fund industry has witnessed considerable growth since its inception in 1963. Assets Under Management (AUM) have surged to Rs 8,684 bn in June 13 from just Rs 250 mn in Mar 65. In a span of 48 years, the industry has registered a CAGR of 24%. The impressive growth in Indian Mutual fund industry in recent years can largely be attributed to various factors such as rising household savings, comprehensive regulatory framework, favorable tax policies, and introduction of several new products, investor education campaign and role of distributors. Thus, in this paper an effort is being made to capture the key prospects of mutual fund along with challenges faced by under penetrated Indian market.
A Study on Factors for Investor Dissatisfaction towards Mutual Funds in Bhopal City
Authors: Gupta Ms. Pooja
Published: May 2016

Mutual fund as an investment option still needs to be accepted by the investors as an instrument in their basket of investment. Presence of the mutual fund industry has been more than 5 decades old and yet efforts are made, to strive hard, for its existence and survival in the market. Despite that more than 1300 schemes are marketed to meet the investor objectives by 44 AMC’s in India, yet the industry is unable to gain the trust and satisfaction of investors. This paper attempts to evaluate the factors that contribute to investor dissatisfaction in Bhopal city and also the impact of dissatisfaction on the tenure of investment in mutual funds.
Managing Work-Life Balance: A Study of Married Female Employees in Management & Engineering Colleges in a Selected Area
Authors: Srivastava Priya , Singh Varsha
Published: May 2016

Today’s working women are continually being challenged by the demands of full-time work and when the day is done at the office, they carry more of the commitments and responsibilities at home. With growing number of employment among females, it is becoming difficult to separate work from their lives or we can say that work has actually became their life. Since, academic jobs are growing larger and becoming oversized, so it requires more dedication and effort from faculties. In reality, academia now means that colleges/institutions want faculties to teach more courses than ever before while maintaining active research programs, obtaining significant grants and other activities that include finding, mentoring and advising students. So, these jobs today, have three dimensional demands i.e. research, teaching and services. Regardless of whether the women is in a job, they tend to bear a greater proportion of domestic responsibilities as compared to men which she tries to balance with various conflicting roles like professional, mother, wife, daughter-in-law etc. When domestic work gets coupled with a busy professional life, the workload becomes burdensome. This significantly increases pressure in office as well as in the family. For the purpose of study data was collected from female faculties of various management and engineering colleges in Lucknow city with the help of structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed with the help of percentage & frequency table analysis and hypotheses were proved with the help of chi-square and one-way ANOVA test. Present study aims to analyze the relationship between socio-economic variables and work-life balance. The results revealed that there is no significant difference between the designation of female employees and their attitude towards conflicting demands at home and work. The study also shows that without proper support from spouse and family, it is difficult to balance work and life effectively.