bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Sandplay Therapy to Improve Students’ Self-Esteem: A Preliminary Study in Brunei Darul Salam
Authors: Yahaya Azizi , Maakip Ismail , Voo Peter , Sam Mee Sharon Kwan , Kifli Khairiah Hanna
Published: December 2018

Purpose: This research was conducted to identify the effectiveness of sandplay therapy to improve students’ self-esteem among students. Methods: The sample was 16 students for experimental group, who received sandplay therapy, in comparison to the 16 students from control group who did not receive any treatment intervention. The instrument used in this research was Self-Esteem Inventory developed by Coopersmith. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 using Manova Repeated Measure Method, pre-test and post-test instruments. Results: The results from multivariate Pillai’s Trace test shows the main effect of the sandplay therapy from the post-test is significant F (5, 11) = 41.372, p<.05. The univariate shows that there is significant difference of the sandplay therapy to the general self-esteem F (1, 15) = 49.853 α<.05, social self-esteem F (1, 15) = 63.646 α<.05, parental self-esteem F (1, 15) = 82.924 α<.05 and academic self-esteem F (1, 15) = 80.071 α<.05. Conclusions: Sandplay therapy can be used in school to help students improve their self-esteem. Given this, one of the issues relating to adolescents is low self-esteem. Therefore, by applying sandplay therapy can minimize the issue surrounding low self-esteem among adolescents particularly in Brunei Darussalam However, since limited study on the usage of this kind of therapy, it is suggested that further study on the applicability of this therapy should be conducted.
Legislative Reform in Post-Conflict Settings
Authors: Berkowitz Nathalia
Published: December 2018

Legislative Reform in Post-Conflict Settings – A Practitioner’s View

Following conflict, considerable effort is often dedicated to legislative reform. This effort includes not only domestic actors but also international actors frequently acting with the aim of establishing the rule of law. This article seeks, first, to provide some context for legislative reform in post-conflict settings and outline some of the criticisms that have been made. Drawing on the work of legislative experts, the article then identifies some of the simple questions that those involved in legislative reform ask and discusses some of the key challenges in answering them. The article suggests that establishing the rule of law is more than putting laws ‘on the books’ and that the way in which legislation is created may itself contribute to developing the rule of law. It suggests that as the rule-of-law community develops new approaches, it might find it useful to draw on the approach of legislative experts and their concern with how effective legislation is created.
„Dziwni to ludzie, ci Aryjczycy!” Utopia rasowa w Gościach z Marsa Władysława Satkego
Authors: Forajter Wacław
Published: December 2018

The paper discusses the forgotten science fiction novel entitled Goście z Marsa by Władysław Satke with regard to “racial” ideology of the turn of the century. It primarily focuses on reconstruction of the ideological and intertextual background with particular reference to the 19th-century typologies of “races” and scientific theories based on them. Furthermore, the article addresses the issue of utopia and its limitations as a literary genre.
Effect of preventive and simultaneous inoculations of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Fukumoto) strains on conidial germination of Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.
Authors: Hamdache Ahlem , Ezziyyani Mohammed , Lamarti Ahmed
Published: December 2018

Botrytis cinerea es un patógeno fúngico necrotrófico de varias plantas distribuido en todo el mundo. En el presente estudio se analizó el efecto de nueve aislados bacterianos sobre la germinación de conidios de B. cinerea. Los aislados se identificaron como Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Para evaluar la eficacia de los aislados, se realizaron confrontaciones duales tanto preventivas como simultáneas con los conidios de B. cinerea. Los resultados mostraron que cinco aislados fueron más eficaces cuando se co-inocularon simultáneamente con el patógeno. Cuatro aislados fueron más eficaces cuando se inocularon previamente cuatro horas antes el patógeno. La cepa denominada B24, mostró una inhibición de (84.04%) en concentraciones muy bajas (3x103 UFC/ml) y la cepa RA9 fue la cepa menos eficaz.

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen distributed worldwide. In the current study, the effect of nine bacterial isolates, on germination of B. cinerea conidia were studied. The nine isolates were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The efficacy of isolates was tested, at different concentrations, in preventive and simultaneous inoculations with B. cinerea conidia. Results showed that five Bacillus isolates were more effective when co-inoculated simultaneously with the pathogen. Four isolates showed more efficacies when inoculated previously four hours before the pathogen. The isolate denominated B24 was the only that showed an important percent inhibition (84.04 %) at the lower concentration tested (3x103 CFU/ml) and the isolate RA9 was the less effective strain.
Perceptions of Power and Democracy: Analytical and Methodological Dilemmas of the Construction of Images
Authors: Kristensen Niels Nørgaard
Published: December 2018

How is political identity and power understood in post modern society? This paper uses a single qualitative interview with a truck driver to investigate the elements that impact the formation of political identity. The paper suggests a qualitative bottom up approach as a method and as a way of inquiry into understandings of identity and perceptions and discusses the interview against advantages and dilemmas of the design.
Resonant experience in emergent events of analysis
Authors: Revsbæk Line
Published: December 2018

Theory, and the traditions of thought available and known to us,give shape to what we are able to notice of our field of inquiry,and so also of our practice of research. Building on G. H. Mead’sPhilosophy of the Present (1932), this paper draws attention to‘emergent events’ of analysis when working abductively withinterview data in a process of re-experiencing interview materialthrough listening to audio recordings of qualitative researchinterviews. The paper presents an emergent event of analysis inwhich the theoretical argument of (the researcher’s) Self as aprocess of becoming in responsive relating to (case study) othersis made generative as a dynamic in and of case study analysis.Using a case of being a newcomer (to research communities)researching newcomer innovation (of others), ‘resonantexperience’ is illustrated as a heuristic in interview analysis tosimultaneously deconstruct/reconstruct dichotomous conceptcategories known to organize the research literature in a field.
Treatment of Dual Diagnosis in Denmark
Authors: Johansen Katrine Schepelern
Published: December 2018

Treatment for dual diagnosis in Denmark is divided between a medically based psychiatric treatment system and a socially oriented substance use treatment system; consequently, in order to deliver the most effective treatment to people with dual diagnosis, the two need to cooperate. A number of projects have been initiated to try out different models for cooperation, yet, on a larger, societal scale, we have not solved the puzzle of how it can be made to work in practice. My focus in this article is to suggest some reasons why it is so difficult to introduce cooperation between psychiatry and addiction treatment despite the many projects directed explicitly towards this. I suggest that at least part of the answer lies in the unequal power relations between psychiatry and substance use treatment.
Formar en arte a futuras docentes: derivas pedagógicas con tintes de género
Authors: Huerta Ricard
Published: December 2018

La unión de arte y educación está generando en los últimos años un importante engranaje de reflexiones y acciones en positivo. Los modos de generar dicha unión enlazan espacios como la universidad, la escuela y los museos. Algunas tesis doctorales recientes han incidido en esta temática (Soto-González, 2015; Vidagañ, 2016), auscultando la presencia de una nueva incursión educativa en los espacios artísticos (Rogoff, 2008). Lo que resulta más difícil es encontrar lugares de conexión en los que la realidad educativa y cultural de una ciudad como Lleida permite desarrollar una fructífera colaboración para formar públicos, indagar en las conexiones entre arte y educación, para finalmente lograr estudios e investigaciones que nos acerca a estos fenómenos implicados.
Human Rights issues linked to War, Conflict and Peace Reflected in Picturebooks Through Art, Music and Song Lyrics
Authors: Evans Janet
Published: December 2018

This article will look at the relationship of the arts: fine arts, music, song and other kinds of artistic expression in picturebooks, prior to considering how the arts have been used to communicate human rights issues linked to war, conflict and peace in picturebooks. It will briefly consider what is meant by “the arts”, prior to considering how some award winning picturebook creators have been influenced by fine art in their book illustrations, and how others have taken lyrics from songs dealing with conflict, peace and human rights and illustrated them to create picturebooks as art objects which are both emotive and emotional. A particular focus will be on books affiliated to Amnesty International with special reference to Imagine by John Lennon.
Keywords: Human Rights, Peace, Music, Picture Books, Art
 
Resum
Aquest article fa una mirada a la relació entre les arts: belles arts, música, cançó i altres tipus d’expressió artística en àlbums il·lustrats, abans de considerar com han sigut utilitzades les arts per a comunicar els problemes respecte dels drets humans lligats a la guerra, el conflicte i la pau en aquests àlbums. Es considerarà breument què s’entén per “les arts” abans de considerar com alguns autors premiats d’àlbums com a objectes artístics són tant emotius com emocionals. Es farà una incidència particular en els llibres publicats per Amnistia Internacional amb especial referència a Imagine de John Lennon.
Paraules clau: Drets humans, Pau, Música, Àlbums il·lustrats, Art
 
Resumen
Este artículo contempla la relación entre las artes: bellas artes, música, canción y otros tipos de expresión artística en álbumes ilustrados antes de considerar cómo han sido utilizadas las artes para comunicar la problemática respecto de los derechos humanos ligados a la guerra, el conflicto y la paz en estos álbumes. Se considerará brevemente qué se entiende por “las artes” antes de considerar omo algunos autores premiados de álbumes en tanto que objetos artísticos son tanto emotivos como emocionales. Se incidirá particularmente en los libros publicados por Amnistía Internacional con especial referencia a Imagine de John Lennon.
Palabras clave: Derechos humanos, Paz, Música, Álbumes ilustrados, Arte
Regulação de preços de medicamentos: o Estado está no caminho certo?
Authors: Sarai Leandro , Pscheidt Kristian Rodrigo
Published: December 2018

A regulação sobre os medicamentos é realizada sobre as premissas do interesse público que o setor evidencia. Todavia, o dirigismo estatal deve-se pautar pela manutenção do equilíbrio do mercado, visando à satisfação de todas as partes envolvidas. Nesse sentido, o tabelamento de preços esboçado sobre os medicamentos, seja pelo Poder Público seja pela iniciativa privada, pode não estar seguindo a lógica de ampliar o acesso dos produtos aos mais necessitados, criando uma elevação artificial dos preços.
Nanokompozit Kaynağı ve Uygulama Alanı Olarak Bitkiler
Authors: KÜÇÜKÇOBANOĞLU Yiğit , YILDIZ AKTAŞ Lale
Published: December 2018

Nanokompozitler, ihtiyaca yönelik tasarlanabilir eşsiz özellikleri ve değiştirilebilir fonksiyonları nedeniyle çeşitli endüstrilerde kilit rol oynamaktadırlar. Artan hammadde ihtiyaçlarını karşılamada ve ekolojik uyumlu alternatif nanomateryallerin üretiminde, selüloz, lignin gibi birçok bitkisel nanopolimer araştırmaları farklı sektörlerin ilgi odağı olmaktadır. Nanokompozit materyallerin üretiminde kaynak olarak kullanılan bitkiler aynı zamanda nanokompozit materyaller için uygulama alanı da oluşturmaktadırlar. Bitkisel üretim süreçlerinde nanokompozitler, agrokimyasalların toksisitesinin azaltılması, bitki büyüme düzenleyicileri ve mineral besleyicilerin taşınımı, kontrollü ve hedeflenmiş ilaç salınımında kullanılmaktadırlar. Bu makale, nanokompozit kaynağı olarak kullanılan bitkisel materyaller ve nanokompozitlerin bitkisel üretimde kullanımı konusundaki son gelişmelere odaklanmıştır.
Aktif İçeriği Sodyum dimetilditiyokarbamat Olan Antimikrobiyal Maddenin Antibiyotiklere Dirençli Referans Bakteri Suşlarına Karşı Minimum İnhibitör Konsantrasyonlarının Araştırılması
Authors: ÇAĞLAYAN Pınar
Published: December 2018

Tuzlanmış
deriler, kaybettiği suyun geri kazandırılarak yeniden yumuşaması ve üzerindeki
tuzun, dışkının, mikroorganizmaların temizlenmesi amacıyla ıslatma işlemine sokulmaktadır.
Deri endüstrisinde ıslatma işleminin içerdiği organik yük
sebebiyle bakteriler gelişebilmektedir. Bakteriyel gelişmenin deride önemli
zararlara sebep olduğu bilinmektedir. Islatma işleminde çeşitli antimikrobiyal
maddeler kullanılmasına rağmen, ıslatma sıvılarında ve ıslatılmış derilerde antibiyotiklere
dirençli Gram-pozitif ve Gram-negatif bakteriler
daha önceki çalışmalarda saptanmıştır. Islatma işleminin verimli ve etkili bir
biçimde yapılabilmesi için antimikrobiyal maddenin uygun miktarda kullanılması
oldukça önemlidir. Böylece, derilerde bakteri kaynaklı zararlar kontrol altına
alınabilecektir. Bu
çalışmada, Gram-negatif ve Gram-pozitif referans
bakteri suşlarının farklı antibiyotiklere karşı duyarlılıkları Kirby-Bauer disk
difüzyon metodu ile araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, ıslatma işleminde kullanılan aktif içeriği sodyum
dimetilditiyokarbamat olan antimikrobiyal
maddenin farklı konsantrasyonları bu bakterilere ve bunların karışık kültürü
üzerine uygulanarak minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyonu agar dilüsyon metoduyla araştırılmıştır. Test bakterileri
ampisilin (10 µg), spektinomisin (25 µg), streptomisin (10 µg), meropenem (10
µg) ve penisilin (10 U) antibiyotiklerine karşı dirençli bulunmuştur. Antimikrobiyal
maddenin minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyon
değerleri Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853,
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Micrococcus luteus ATCC9341, ve tüm test
bakterilerinin karışık kültürü için 1000 µg/ml; Escherichia coli ATCC25922 ve Bacillus
cereus ATCC11778 için 500 µg/ml; Staphylococcus
epidermidis ATCC12228 ve Enterococcus
faecalis ATCC29212 için 15.6 µg/ml; ve Bacillus
subtilis ATCC6633 için ise 3.9 µg/ml olarak saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmadan elde
edilen verilere göre, antibiyotiklere dirençli sekiz farklı referans bakteri
suşunun ve bunların karışık kültürünün gelişimleri test edilen antimikrobiyal
madde ile inhibe edildiği belirlenmiştir.
APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS OF FRACTIONAL BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS BASED ON BETA FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE
Authors: DAŞ Sebahat Ebru
Published: December 2018

In
this work, we consider some fractional differential equations with different
boundary conditions. Sinc-collocation method (SCM) has been employed to obtain
the approximate solution for these fractional boundary value problems (FBVPs).
Beta-derivative is taken for the fractional derivatives. Intercalarity, several
test samples with numerical simulations are handled. Convergence analysis shows
that SCM  is a consistent and effective
method.
Measuring Happiness
Authors: Weimann Joachim , Knabe Andreas , Schöb Ronnie
Published: December 2018

An investigation of the happiness-prosperity connection and whether economists can measure well-being.

Can money buy happiness? Is income a reliable measure for life satisfaction? In the West after World War II, happiness seemed inextricably connected to prosperity. Beginning in the 1960s, however, other values began to gain ground: peace, political participation, civil rights, environmentalism. “Happiness economics”—a somewhat incongruous-sounding branch of what has been called “the dismal science”—has taken up the puzzle of what makes people happy, conducting elaborate surveys in which people are asked to quantify their satisfaction with “life in general.” In this book, three economists explore the happiness-prosperity connection, investigating how economists measure life satisfaction and well-being.

The authors examine the evolution of happiness research, considering the famous “Easterlin Paradox,” which found that people's average life satisfaction didn't seem to depend on their income. But they question whether happiness research can measure what needs to be measured. They argue that we should not assess people's well-being on a “happiness scale,” because that necessarily obscures true social progress. Instead, rising income should be understood as increasing opportunities and alleviating scarcity. Economic growth helps societies to sustain freedom and to finance social welfare programs. In this respect, high income may not buy happiness with life in general, but it gives individuals the opportunity to be healthier, better educated, better clothed, and better fed, to live longer, and to live well.
2D Object Detection and Recognition
Authors: Amit Yali
Published: December 2018

A guide to the computer detection and recognition of 2D objects in gray-level images.

Two important subproblems of computer vision are the detection and recognition of 2D objects in gray-level images. This book discusses the construction and training of models, computational approaches to efficient implementation, and parallel implementations in biologically plausible neural network architectures. The approach is based on statistical modeling and estimation, with an emphasis on simplicity, transparency, and computational efficiency.

The book describes a range of deformable template models, from coarse sparse models involving discrete, fast computations to more finely detailed models based on continuum formulations, involving intensive optimization. Each model is defined in terms of a subset of points on a reference grid (the template), a set of admissible instantiations of these points (deformations), and a statistical model for the data given a particular instantiation of the object present in the image. A recurring theme is a coarse to fine approach to the solution of vision problems. The book provides detailed descriptions of the algorithms used as well as the code, and the software and data sets are available on the Web.
Reading the Comments
Authors: Reagle Joseph
Published: December 2018

What we can learn about human nature from the informative, manipulative, confusing, and amusing messages at the bottom of the web.

Online comment can be informative or misleading, entertaining or maddening. Haters and manipulators often seem to monopolize the conversation. Some comments are off-topic, or even topic-less. In this book, Joseph Reagle urges us to read the comments. Conversations “on the bottom half of the Internet,” he argues, can tell us much about human nature and social behavior.

Reagle visits communities of Amazon reviewers, fan fiction authors, online learners, scammers, freethinkers, and mean kids. He shows how comment can inform us (through reviews), improve us (through feedback), manipulate us (through fakery), alienate us (through hate), shape us (through social comparison), and perplex us. He finds pre-Internet historical antecedents of online comment in Michelin stars, professional criticism, and the wisdom of crowds. He discusses the techniques of online fakery (distinguishing makers, fakers, and takers), describes the emotional work of receiving and giving feedback, and examines the culture of trolls and haters, bullying, and misogyny. He considers the way comment—a nonstop stream of social quantification and ranking—affects our self-esteem and well-being. And he examines how comment is puzzling—short and asynchronous, these messages can be slap-dash, confusing, amusing, revealing, and weird, shedding context in their passage through the Internet, prompting readers to comment in turn, “WTF?!?”
Dirty Gold
Authors: Bloomfield Michael John
Published: December 2018

The response from the jewelry industry to a campaign for ethically sourced gold as a case study in the power of business in global environmental politics.

Gold mining can be a dirty business. It creates immense amounts of toxic materials that are difficult to dispose of. Mines are often developed without community consent, and working conditions for miners can be poor. Income from gold has funded wars. And consumers buy wedding rings and gold chains not knowing about any of this. In Dirty Gold, Michael Bloomfield shows what happened when Earthworks, a small Washington-based NGO, launched a campaign for ethically sourced gold in the consumer jewelry market, targeting Tiffany and other major firms. The unfolding of the campaign and its effect on the jewelry industry offer a lesson in the growing influence of business in global environmental politics.

Earthworks planned a “shame” campaign, aimed at the companies' brands and reputations, betting that firms like Tiffany would not want to be associated with pollution, violence, and exploitation. As it happened, Tiffany contacted Earthworks before they could launch the campaign; the company was already looking for partners in finding ethically sourced gold.

Bloomfield examines the responses of three companies to “No Dirty Gold” activism: Tiffany, Wal-Mart, and Brilliant Earth, a small company selling ethical jewelry. He finds they offer a case study in how firms respond to activist pressure and what happens when businesses participate in such private governance schemes as the “Golden Rules” and the “Conflict-Free Gold Standard.” Taking a firm-level view, Bloomfield examines the different opportunities for and constraints on corporate political mobilization within the industry.
Synesthesia
Authors: Cytowic Richard E.
Published: December 2018

An accessible, concise primer on the neurological trait of synesthesia—vividly felt sensory couplings—by a founder of the field.

One in twenty-three people carry the genes for the synesthesia. Not a disorder but a neurological trait—like perfect pitch—synesthesia creates vividly felt cross-sensory couplings. A synesthete might hear a voice and at the same time see it as a color or shape, taste its distinctive flavor, or feel it as a physical touch. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Richard Cytowic, the expert who returned synesthesia to mainstream science after decades of oblivion, offers a concise, accessible primer on this fascinating human experience.

Cytowic explains that synesthesia's most frequent manifestation is seeing days of the week as colored, followed by sensing letters, numerals, and punctuation marks in different hues even when printed in black. Other manifestations include tasting food in shapes, seeing music in moving colors, and mapping numbers and other sequences spatially. One synesthete declares, “Chocolate smells pink and sparkly”; another invents a dish (chicken, vanilla ice cream, and orange juice concentrate) that tastes intensely blue. Cytowic, who in the 1980s revived scientific interest in synesthesia, sees it now understood as a spectrum, an umbrella term that covers five clusters of outwardly felt couplings that can occur via several pathways. Yet synesthetic or not, each brain uniquely filters what it perceives. Cytowic reminds us that each individual's perspective on the world is thoroughly subjective.
Things That Keep Us Busy
Authors: Janlert Lars-Erik , Stolterman Erik
Published: December 2018

An investigation of interactivity, interfaces and their design, and the webs of complex interactions that result.

We are surrounded by interactive devices, artifacts, and systems. The general assumption is that interactivity is good—that it is a positive feature associated with being modern, efficient, fast, flexible, and in control. Yet there is no very precise idea of what interaction is and what interactivity means. In this book, Lars-Erik Janlert and Erik Stolterman investigate the elements of interaction and how they can be defined and measured. They focus on interaction with digital artifacts and systems but draw inspiration from the broader, everyday sense of the word.

Viewing the topic from a design perspective, Janlert and Stolterman take as their starting point the interface, which is designed to implement the interaction. They explore how the interface has changed over time, from a surface with knobs and dials to clickable symbols to gestures to the absence of anything visible. Janlert and Stolterman examine properties and qualities of designed artifacts and systems, primarily those that are open for manipulation by designers, considering such topics as complexity, clutter, control, and the emergence of an expressive-impressive style of interaction. They argue that only when we understand the basic concepts and terms of interactivity and interaction will we be able to discuss seriously its possible futures.
Global Warming and the Sweetness of Life
Authors: Hern Matt , Johal Am
Published: December 2018

Seeking new definitions of ecology in the tar sands of northern Alberta and searching for the sweetness of life in the face of planetary crises.

Confounded by global warming and in search of an affirmative politics that links ecology with social change, Matt Hern and Am Johal set off on a series of road trips to the tar sands of northern Alberta—perhaps the world's largest industrial site, dedicated to the dirty work of extracting oil from Alberta's vast reserves. Traveling from culturally liberal, self-consciously “green” Vancouver, and aware that our well-meaning performances of recycling and climate-justice marching are accompanied by constant driving, flying, heating, and fossil-fuel consumption, Hern and Johal want to talk to people whose lives and fortunes depend on or are imperiled by extraction. They are seeking new definitions of ecology built on a renovated politics of land. Traveling with them is their friend Joe Sacco—infamous journalist and cartoonist, teller of complex stories from Gaza to Paris—who contributes illustrations and insights and a chapter-length comic about the contradictions of life in an oil town. The epic scale of the ecological horror is captured through an series of stunning color photos by award-winning aerial photographer Louis Helbig.

Seamlessly combining travelogue, sophisticated political analysis, and ecological theory, speaking both to local residents and to leading scholars, the authors propose a new understanding of ecology that links the domination of the other-than-human world to the domination of humans by humans. They argue that any definition of ecology has to start with decolonization and that confronting global warming requires a politics that speaks to a different way of being in the world—a reconstituted understanding of the sweetness of life.

Published with the help of funding from Furthermore: a program of the J. M. Kaplan fund
Affinity, That Elusive Dream
Authors: Kim Mi Gyung
Published: December 2018

In the eighteenth century, chemistry was transformed from an art to a public science. Chemical affinity played an important role in this process as a metaphor, a theory domain, and a subject of investigation. Goethe's Elective Affinities, which was based on the current understanding of chemical affinities, attests to chemistry's presence in the public imagination. In Affinity, That Elusive Dream, Mi Gyung Kim restores chemical affinity to its proper place in historiography and in Enlightenment public culture. The Chemical Revolution is usually associated with Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, who introduced a modern nomenclature and a definitive text. Kim argues that chemical affinity was erased from historical memory by Lavoisier's omission of it from his textbook. She examines the work of many less famous French chemists (including physicians, apothecaries, metallurgists, philosophical chemists, and industrial chemists) to explore the institutional context of chemical instruction and research, the social stratification that shaped theoretical discourse, and the crucial shifts in analytic methods. Apothecaries and metallurgists, she shows, shaped the main theory domains through their innovative approach to analysis. Academicians and philosophical chemists brought about two transformative theoretical moments through their efforts to create a rational discourse of chemistry in tune with the reigning natural philosophy. The topics discussed include the corpuscular (Cartesian) model in French chemistry in the early 1700s, the stabilization of the theory domains of composition and affinity, the reconstruction of French theoretical discourse in the middle of the eighteenth century, the Newtonian languages that plagued the domain of affinity just before the Chemical Revolution, Guyton de Morveau's program of affinity chemistry, Lavoisier's reconstruction of the theory domains of chemistry, and Berthollet's path as an affinity chemist.
Beyond the Cognitive Map
Authors: Redish A. David
Published: December 2018

There are currently two major theories about the role of the hippocampus, a distinctive structure in the back of the temporal lobe. One says that it stores a cognitive map, the other that it is a key locus for the temporary storage of episodic memories. A. David Redish takes the approach that understanding the role of the hippocampus in space will make it possible to address its role in less easily quantifiable areas such as memory. Basing his investigation on the study of rodent navigation—one of the primary domains for understanding information processing in the brain—he places the hippocampus in its anatomical context as part of a greater functional system.

Redish draws on the extensive experimental and theoretical work of the last 100 years to paint a coherent picture of rodent navigation. His presentation encompasses multiple levels of analysis, from single-unit recording results to behavioral tasks to computational modeling. From this foundation, he proposes a novel understanding of the role of the hippocampus in rodents that can shed light on the role of the hippocampus in primates, explaining data from primate studies and human neurology. The book will be of interest not only to neuroscientists and psychologists, but also to researchers in computer science, robotics, artificial intelligence, and artificial life.

Bradford Books imprint
Biological Emergences
Authors: Reid Robert G. B.
Published: December 2018

A critique of selectionism and the proposal of an alternate theory of emergent evolution that is causally sufficient for evolutionary biology.

Natural selection is commonly interpreted as the fundamental mechanism of evolution. Questions about how selection theory can claim to be the all-sufficient explanation of evolution often go unanswered by today's neo-Darwinists, perhaps for fear that any criticism of the evolutionary paradigm will encourage creationists and proponents of intelligent design. In Biological Emergences, Robert Reid argues that natural selection is not the cause of evolution. He writes that the causes of variations, which he refers to as natural experiments, are independent of natural selection; indeed, he suggests, natural selection may get in the way of evolution. Reid proposes an alternative theory to explain how emergent novelties are generated and under what conditions they can overcome the resistance of natural selection. He suggests that what causes innovative variation causes evolution, and that these phenomena are environmental as well as organismal. After an extended critique of selectionism, Reid constructs an emergence theory of evolution, first examining the evidence in three causal arenas of emergent evolution: symbiosis/association, evolutionary physiology/behavior, and developmental evolution. Based on this evidence of causation, he proposes some working hypotheses, examining mechanisms and processes common to all three arenas, and arrives at a theoretical framework that accounts for generative mechanisms and emergent qualities. Without selectionism, Reid argues, evolutionary innovation can more easily be integrated into a general thesis. Finally, Reid proposes a biological synthesis of rapid emergent evolutionary phases and the prolonged, dynamically stable, non-evolutionary phases imposed by natural selection.
Collective Electrodynamics
Authors: Mead Carver A.
Published: December 2018

In this book Carver Mead offers a radically new approach to the standard problems of electromagnetic theory. Motivated by the belief that the goal of scientific research should be the simplification and unification of knowledge, he describes a new way of doing electrodynamics—collective electrodynamics—that does not rely on Maxwell's equations, but rather uses the quantum nature of matter as its sole basis. Collective electrodynamics is a way of looking at how electrons interact, based on experiments that tell us about the electrons directly. (As Mead points out, Maxwell had no access to these experiments.) The results Mead derives for standard electromagnetic problems are identical to those found in any text. Collective electrodynamics reveals, however, that quantities that we usually think of as being very different are, in fact, the same—that electromagnetic phenomena are simple and direct manifestations of quantum phenomena. Mead views his approach as a first step toward reformulating quantum concepts in a clear and comprehensible manner. The book is divided into five sections: magnetic interaction of steady currents, propagating waves, electromagnetic energy, radiation in free space, and electromagnetic interaction of atoms. In an engaging preface, Mead tells how his approach to electromagnetic theory was inspired by his interaction with Richard Feynman.
Digital Performance
Authors: Dixon Steve
Published: December 2018

The historical roots, key practitioners, and artistic, theoretical, and technological trends in the incorporation of new media into the performing arts.

The past decade has seen an extraordinarily intense period of experimentation with computer technology within the performing arts. Digital media has been increasingly incorporated into live theater and dance, and new forms of interactive performance have emerged in participatory installations, on CD-ROM, and on the Web. In Digital Performance, Steve Dixon traces the evolution of these practices, presents detailed accounts of key practitioners and performances, and analyzes the theoretical, artistic, and technological contexts of this form of new media art. Dixon finds precursors to today's digital performances in past forms of theatrical technology that range from the deus ex machina of classical Greek drama to Wagner's Gesamtkunstwerk (concept of the total artwork), and draws parallels between contemporary work and the theories and practices of Constructivism, Dada, Surrealism, Expressionism, Futurism, and multimedia pioneers of the twentieth century.

For a theoretical perspective on digital performance, Dixon draws on the work of Philip Auslander, Walter Benjamin, Roland Barthes, Jean Baudrillard, and others. To document and analyze contemporary digital performance practice, Dixon considers changes in the representation of the body, space, and time. He considers virtual bodies, avatars, and digital doubles, as well as performances by artists including Stelarc, Robert Lepage, Merce Cunningham, Laurie Anderson, Blast Theory, and Eduardo Kac. He investigates new media's novel approaches to creating theatrical spectacle, including virtual reality and robot performance work, telematic performances in which remote locations are linked in real time, Webcams, and online drama communities, and considers the "extratemporal" illusion created by some technological theater works. Finally, he defines categories of interactivity, from navigational to participatory and collaborative. Dixon challenges dominant theoretical approaches to digital performance—including what he calls postmodernism's denial of the new—and offers a series of boldly original arguments in their place.
A Dynamic Systems Approach to the Development of Cognition and Action
Authors: Thelen Esther , Smith Linda B.
Published: December 2018

A Dynamic Systems Approach to the Development of Cognition and Action presents a comprehensive and detailed theory of early human development based on the principles of dynamic systems theory. Beginning with their own research in motor, perceptual, and cognitive development, Thelen and Smith raise fundamental questions about prevailing assumptions in the field. They propose a new theory of the development of cognition and action, unifying recent advances in dynamic systems theory with current research in neuroscience and neural development. In particular, they show how by processes of exploration and selection, multimodal experiences form the bases for self-organizing perception-action categories.

Thelen and Smith offer a radical alternative to current cognitive theory, both in their emphasis on dynamic representation and in their focus on processes of change. Among the first attempt to apply complexity theory to psychology, they suggest reinterpretations of several classic issues in early cognitive development.

The book is divided into three sections. The first discusses the nature of developmental processes in general terms, the second covers dynamic principles in process and mechanism, and the third looks at how a dynamic theory can be applied to enduring puzzles of development.

Cognitive Psychology series

Bradford Books imprint
The Econometrics of Corporate Governance Studies
Authors: Bhagat Sanjai , Jefferis Richard H.
Published: December 2018

A vast theoretical and empirical literature in corporate finance considers the interrelationships of corporate governance, takeovers, management turnover, corporate performance, corporate capital structure, and corporate ownership structure. Most of the studies look at two variables at a time. In this book, Sanjai Bhagat and Richard Jefferis argue that from an econometric viewpoint, the proper way to study the relationship between any two of these variables is to set up a system of simultaneous equations that specifies the relationships among the six variables. The specification and estimation of such a system of simultaneous equations, however, is nontrivial.

The authors illustrate their argument with a discussion of the impact of corporate anti-takeover measures on takeovers and managerial job-tenure. During the past two decades, an overwhelming majority of publicly held US corporations have adopted anti-takeover measures. The authors show that, contrary to expectation, defense measures are ineffective in preventing takeovers and the frequency of CEO departures is unrelated to takeover defenses. At firms with poison pill defenses, however, there is a statistically significant relationship between management turnover and company performance.
Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Matthews Gerald , Zeidner Moshe , Roberts Richard D.
Published: December 2018

Emotional intelligence (EI) is one of the most widely discussed topics in current psychology. Although first mentioned in the professional literature nearly two decades ago, in the past five years it has received extensive media attention. The term "emotional intelligence" refers to the ability to identify, express, and understand emotions; to assimilate emotions into thought; and to regulate both positive and negative emotions in oneself and others. Yet despite the flourishing research programs and broad popular interest, scientific evidence for a clearly identified construct of EI is sparse. It remains to be seen whether there is anything to EI that researchers in the fields of personality, intelligence, and applied psychology do not already know.

This book offers a comprehensive critical review of EI. It examines current thinking on the nature, components, determinants, and consequences of EI, and evaluates the state of the art in EI theory, research, assessment, and applications. It highlights the extent to which empirical evidence supports EI as a valid construct and debunks some of the more extravagant claims that appear in the popular media. Finally, it examines the potential use of EI to guide practical interventions in various clinical, occupational, and educational settings.

Bradford Books imprint
Environmental Regime Effectiveness
Authors: Miles Edward L. , Andresen Steinar , Carlin Elaine M. , Skjærseth Jon Birger , Underdal Arild , Wettestad Jørgen
Published: December 2018

This book examines why some international environmental regimes succeed while others fail. Confronting theory with evidence, and combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, it compares fourteen case studies of international regimes. It considers what effectiveness in a regime would look like, what factors might contribute to effectiveness, and how to measure the variables. It determines that environmental regimes actually do better than the collective model of the book predicts. The effective regimes examined involve the End of Dumping in the North Sea, Sea Dumping of Low-Level Radioactive Waste, Management of Tuna Fisheries in the Pacific, and the Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol on Ozone Layer Depletion. Mixed-performance regimes include Land-Based Pollution Control in the North Sea, the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, Satellite Telecommunication, and Management of High Seas Salmon in the North Pacific. Ineffective regimes are the Mediterranean Action Plan, Oil Pollution from Ships at Sea, International Trade in Endangered Species, the International Whaling Commission, and the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.
Flagging Standards
Authors: DeSombre Elizabeth R.
Published: December 2018

Shipping is among the most globalized of industries. Shipowners can choose where to register their vessels, based on cost, convenience, and the international and domestic regulations that would govern their operation. This system of open registration, also known as flags of convenience (FOC), can encourage a competition in regulatory laxity among states that want to attract shipping revenues—a race to the regulatory bottom. In Flagging Standards, Elizabeth DeSombre examines the effect of globalization on environmental, safety, and labor standards in the shipping industry. She finds that the economic advantages of lowered standards can be offset by the collective action of international organizations, states, and nongovernmental actors to exclude low-standard ships from the advantages of globalization. Open registries are pressured to raise their standards while traditional maritime states lower theirs somewhat when they create international or second registries. The result is a competition not for the regulatory bottom but for the middle ground. DeSombre examines the decisions made by states and shipowners that lead to this race to the middle and explores the effectiveness of strategies used by both state and nonstate actors aimed at raising regulatory standards, including port control, labor actions against FOC ships that fail to meet international labor standards, and trade restrictions against shipped goods that were not obtained within the requirements of international agreements. Globalization, DeSombre finds, may lead to a downward trend in regulatory standards but has also created many opportunities to raise these standards and does not necessarily signal a reduction of state control.
From Gutenberg to the Global Information Infrastructure
Authors: Borgman Christine L.
Published: December 2018

Will the emerging global information infrastructure (GII) create a revolution in communication equivalent to that wrought by Gutenberg, or will the result be simply the evolutionary adaptation of existing behavior and institutions to new media? Will the GII improve access to information for all? Will it replace libraries and publishers? How can computers and information systems be made easier to use? What are the trade-offs between tailoring information systems to user communities and standardizing them to interconnect with systems designed for other communities, cultures, and languages? This book takes a close look at these and other questions of technology, behavior, and policy surrounding the GII. Topics covered include the design and use of digital libraries; behavioral and institutional aspects of electronic publishing; the evolving role of libraries; the life cycle of creating, using, and seeking information; and the adoption and adaptation of information technologies. The book takes a human-centered perspective, focusing on how well the GII fits into the daily lives of the people it is supposed to benefit. Taking a unique holistic approach to information access, the book draws on research and practice in computer science, communications, library and information science, information policy, business, economics, law, political science, sociology, history, education, and archival and museum studies. It explores both domestic and international issues. The author's own empirical research is complemented by extensive literature reviews and analyses.
A Ghost's Memoir
Authors: McDonald John
Published: December 2018

The story of the ghostwriting of Alfred P. Sloan's best-selling memoir, General Motor's attempts to block the book's publication, and the author's eventual triumph over the corporation.

Published in 1964, My Years with General Motors was an immediate best-seller and today is considered one of the few classic books on management. The book is the ghostwritten memoir of Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. (1875-1966), whose business and management strategies enabled General Motors to overtake Ford as the dominant American automobile manufacturer in the 1920s and 1930s.

What has been largely unknown until now is that My Years with General Motors was almost not published. Although it was written with the permission of General Motors—and slated for publication in October 1959—at the last minute General Motors tried to suppress the book out of fears that some of the material in it could become evidence in an antitrust action against the company.

This book, by John McDonald, Sloan's ghostwriter, tells the behind-the-scenes story of the book's writing, its attempted suppression, and the lawsuit that eventually led to its publication. McDonald's narrative is partly the David-and-Goliath story of a lone journalist taking on the world's then-largest corporation and partly a study of strategy in its own right. McDonald's struggle to publish the book led him to navigate a complicated course among the competing interests of General Motors, Fortune magazine (his employer), and Time, Inc. (Fortune's owner). In many ways this "book about the book" parallels the Sloan book as a tale of successful, brilliantly planned strategy.
The Government Machine
Authors: Agar Jon
Published: December 2018

An examination of technology and politics in the evolution of the British "government machine."

In The Government Machine, Jon Agar traces the mechanization of government work in the United Kingdom from the nineteenth to the early twenty-first century. He argues that this transformation has been tied to the rise of "expert movements," groups whose authority has rested on their expertise. The deployment of machines was an attempt to gain control over state action—a revolutionary move. Agar shows how mechanization followed the popular depiction of government as machine-like, with British civil servants cast as components of a general purpose "government machine"; indeed, he argues that today's general purpose computer is the apotheosis of the civil servant.

Over the course of two centuries, government has become the major repository and user of information; the Civil Service itself can be seen as an information-processing entity. Agar argues that the changing capacities of government have depended on the implementation of new technologies, and that the adoption of new technologies has depended on a vision of government and a fundamental model of organization. Thus, to study the history of technology is to study the state, and vice versa.