bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytokine profile of oral fluid in case of traumatic fractures of the lower jaw and the presence of third molars in patients` oral cavity
Authors: Pohodenko-Chudakova I. O. , Ali Ali Thergam Abdulameer
Published: October 2024

Objective. To analyze the level of cytokines in the oral fluid of patients with traumatic fractures of the mandible in the presence of third molars, to establish the influence of the latter on the oral cavity homeostasis, to determine the most informative indicators.
Materials and methods. 82 people aged 18–60 years took part in the study, they were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 contained 43 patients with mandibular fracture and having more than two third molars. Group 2 consisted of 18 patients with mandibular fracture, without third molars. Group 3 included 21 people without a fracture of the mandible, who had more than two-thirds of the molars. Group 4 (control) contained the data of somatically and dentally healthy individuals, borrowed from special literature. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a in OF were determined using standard enzyme immunoassay kits. The data were processed statistically.
Results. A comparison of the indicators of groups 1 and 3 revealed a significant increase in the level of IL-6 z = 4.15 (H = 20.43; p = 0.0001) and the level of IL-8 z = 3.08 (H = 12.29; p = 0.0064) in patients with a jaw fracture. A considerable increase in IL-8 levels was determined in the individuals from group 2 compared with group 3 – z = 2.74 (H = 12.29; p = 0.0064).
The comparison of groups 1 and 4 in terms of TNF-a showed a tendency to a significant difference of z = 1.60 (H = 4.65; p = 0.19), and the data of group 2 in comparison with group 4 were significantly higher than z = 1.97 (H = 4.65; p = 0.19). Comparing the results of groups 3 and 4 with each other we revealed a considerable difference of z = 1.75 (H = 4.65; p = 0.19).
Conclusion. The profile of cytokines level in the OF indicates that the presence of third molars in the oral cavity in mandibular fractures affects the homeostasis of the oral cavity negatively, which is the reason for expanding the indications for their removal in order to prevent infectious and inflammatory complications.
Therapy for advanced stages of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Karakulova Yu. V. , Golchenko E. A.
Published: October 2024

The search and analysis of data on treatment options of advanced stages of Parkinson's disease from various scientific sources on biomedical research PubMed in the Medline, Russian scientific electronic library CyberLeninka databases are summarized in the article. A comparison of data was performed to highlight the main directions of modern approaches to the treatment of advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. To treat the disease at a late stage with pronounced motor fluctuations in the form of “off” symptoms and painful dyskinesias during the “on” period, invasive and non-invasive high-tech methods of treatment are used. The most relevant method of treatment for Parkinson's disease in patients with a long history of the disease and side symptoms of traditional medicinal methods of correction are the use of Duodopa - levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG). It is important to note that the increased "on" period can allow people with advanced Parkinson's disease to raise motor activity, thereby improving their independence in daily activities from other people.
Prediction of fetal growth restriction in obese women
Authors: Makarova E. L. , Terekhina N. A. , Padrul M. M.
Published: October 2024

Objective. To develop a way of prediction of fetal growth restriction in the first trimester of pregnancy in obese women.
Materials and methods. 85 obese pregnant women at 6–9 weeks of gestation took part in the study. Obesity was determined by body mass index, as squared height (m)-to-weight (kg) ratio, with a BMI 30 kg/m2. In the blood serum of all patients the level of total copper (Cuvol.) was determined by the colorimetric method, and ceruloplasmin (CP) by of V.S. Kamyshnikov`s method and the percentage of free copper (Cufree) was calculated. The free copper index was calculated using the formula: Cufree = (Cuvol. – (ceruloplasmin · 3)) / Cuvol. · 100, where Cufree is the percentage of free copper in the blood serum, %; Cuob. – content of total copper in blood serum, µmol/l; CP – content of ceruloplasmin in blood serum, mg/l; 3 – conversion factor. All pregnant women were divided into two groups depending on the percentage of free copper: group A – pregnant women with obesity and free copper content 25 % (n = 26); group B – obese pregnant women with a percentage of free copper 25 %, (n = 59). The control group consisted of 20 pregnant women with normal body weight.
Results. Among the studied groups, in pregnant women with obesity statistically significant differences in the content of total copper (p = 0.013), and the percentage of free copper (p = 0.041) were revealed. In the group of pregnant women with a free copper content 25 % chronic placental insufficiency occurred 1.5 times more frequently and fetal growth restriction syndrome was 6.4 times more frequent than in the group of patients with a free copper content of 25 %.
Conclusion. The free copper level, determined in the first trimester of pregnancy equal to 25% or more, can be considered as a predictor of fetal growth restriction in obese pregnant women.
A Study on the Effects of Supply Chain Capabilities on Supply Chain Resilience and Corporate Performance
Authors:   The Korean Logistics Research Association, Lee Choong-Bae , Kwon Na-Kyeong , Ryu Hee-Chan
Published: October 2024

External risk factors such as pandemics such as COVID-19, the trade dispute between the US and China, and the Russia-Ukraine crisis are causing unexpected damage to companies’ supply chains. Under this environment, companies are in dire need of strengthening the capabilities and resilience of their supply chains. Strengthening the resilience of the supply chain through supply chain capability factors plays an important role in improving corporate performance. The purpose of this study is to analyze this causal relationship through survey analysis.
Through prior studies, information systems, collaboration, operational capabilities, and strategic response capabilities were set as variables for supply chain capabilities, and resilience was defined as flexibility and agility. Through structural equation model analysis using AMOS 28.0, it was confirmed that information systems have limitations in improving resilience, and that collaboration and operational capabilities play an important role in improving this. In addition, it was found that supply chain capabilities have an indirect positive effect on customer satisfaction, showing that strengthening supply chain capabilities has a significant impact on corporate performance through resilience. Therefore, companies are required to establish strategies to effectively manage risks and increase customer satisfaction by strengthening supply chain capabilities.
Disentangling the Antecedents of Higher Education Mergers
Authors:   , Huff Gary , Harrison Teresa D. , Hall Curtis
Published: October 2024

Change is rapidly transforming the higher education market in the United States. Driven by declining birth rates following the 2008 Great Recession, a looming "demographic cliff" in 2026, growing student skepticism about the value of a college education, and stagnant public funding for higher education are creating significant challenges. The market is already reacting, with closures dominating the headlines. A recent Washington Post headline, "Colleges are now closing at a pace of one a week." However, mergers are emerging as a potential alternative to closures. The Washington Post article lists five mergers announced during the 2023-24 academic year. This study addresses a gap in the existing research by concurrently analyzing operational and economic factors influencing the recent increase in higher education institution (HEI) merger transactions. Prior studies have primarily analyzed these factors in isolation. This study identifies key variables driving the recent rise in HEI mergers by employing a probit regression model with ten years of longitudinal data from IPEDS. Understanding these factors can inform strategic decision-making for HEI leaders, potentially leading to mergers that can strengthen the future of higher education and preserve student access. The study identified six factors contributing to the current wave of mergers: tuition dependency, institution size, declining enrollment, student retention, and sufficient available net assets to support operations.
In vivo characterization of cocaine mediated regulation of the Dopamine Transporter
Authors:   , Tantri Rashmi Raveendra , Mathiasen Joanne R. , Mortensen Ole V
Published: October 2024

The psychostimulant, cocaine, is a highly misused drug. Dependence on cocaine affects over 5 million people in the US. However, there is no approved medication to treat this health issue. Cocaine affects the reward pathway in the brain's limbic system. Dopamine, the key neurotransmitter in this region mediates behaviors involved in motivation, pleasure, and learning. Following its release into the synapse of neurons, dopamine is removed by the dopamine transporter (DAT) present on the presynaptic dopaminergic neurons. Cocaine binds to DAT on the pre-synaptic neuronal cell surface and inhibits the reuptake of dopamine from the synapse. This leads to accumulation of excess dopamine in the synaptic cleft, causing euphoria in the subjects. In addition to DAT, previous studies have also shown that dopamine D2 autoreceptors play an important role in regulating the activity of dopaminergic neurons. In this study we aim to first evaluate the effect of acute cocaine treatment on surface DAT protein expression. Then investigate whether cocaine mediates its action through the D2 autoreceptor feedback mechanism. We also explore the role of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 3 (MKP3) in this regulation. To test this, we used in vivo rat models to evaluate cocaine induced hyperactivity and regulation of DAT in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc). We evaluated DAT protein expression using ex-vivo slice biotin labeling and immunoblotting and correlated DAT expression with locomotion. Our findings suggest that cocaine increases surface DAT expression, and we show that D2 receptors and MKP3 play a significant role in regulating this process. These findings will provide a foundational basis for future studies in understanding the regulation of DAT and its implications in Cocaine Use Disorder.
CATÁLOGO DE PLANTAS DO CERRADO LATO SENSU DO PARQUE NACIONAL DE SETE CIDADES (PN7C), BRASILEIRA E PIRACURUCA, PIAUÍ
Authors: Castro Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias , Farias Ruth Raquel Soares de , Sousa Samara Raquel de , Pires-Coutinho Joxleide Mendes da Costa , Lopes Raimundo Nonato , Monteiro Osiel de Araújo , Castro Nívea Maria Carneiro Farias
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivos apresentar o primeiro ensaio do Catálogo de plantas do cerrado sensu lato do Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (PN7C), única Unidade de Conservação de Proteção Integral administrada pelo IMBio na/da região setentrional do Piauí, localizada nos municípios de Piracuruca e Brasileira, no Estado do Piauí, Brasil, e propor a ideia e conceito de 'fitossítio para que possa ser internalizado e trabalhado por biólogos, geólogos/geomorfólogos, guias de turismo, educadores ambientais e ambientalistas de um modo geral, ao lado da ideia e conceito de "geossítio", já consolidado nas ciências geológicas, no sentido de contribuir para a valorização da biodiversidade e geodiversidade, absolutamente insubstituíveis, deste importante laboratório natural do bioma Cerrado que é o PN7C, ampliando o conhecimento científico, otimizando o comprometimento necessário para a conservação da flora e fauna locais, fortalecendo o turismo sustentável, aplicável em toda a região, com o sentido de pertencimento. Para isso, um total de 35 espécies botânicas lenhosas são listadas com apoio fotográfico, consideradas mais frequentes e facilmente visualizáveis nas trilhas de acesso que ligam cada uma das cidades do Parque, ao lado das informações: família botânica, nomes populares, ocorrência, fitofisionomias, características morfológicas, informações ecológicas, fenologia, utilidades, etimologia e bibliografia consultada. Como objetivos complementares, fazer o resgate (base de um "vade mecum") de todas as publicações voltadas diretamente para o PN7C nas áreas de Botânica (Biologia Vegetal) e Ecologia Vegetal com referências bibliográficas e compilação de resumos simples em um total de 25 registros (Apêndice 1), no período de 2002/2024 e, ao final, um Glossário (Apêndice II).
Using artificial intelligence methods to recognize radar stations based on the radio technical parameters of signals with filtering signals from radar stations not taken into account in the training set
Authors: Nikolenko B.B. , Kuznetsov D.I. , Podkovkin V.A. , Popov P.B. , Nikulina A.N.
Published: October 2024

Currently, the tasks of radio-electronic surveillance using spacecraft are the most relevant in ensuring the defense capability of the Russian Federation. In the course of solving the problem of radio-electronic surveillance, the issue of classifying the detected signals. Classical classification methods, based on comparing the obtained data on detected stations with reference a priori-known station parameters, do not allow obtaining results with a high degree of reliability, so to solve this issue we turned to machine learning technologies. This paper describes the solution to the problem of recognizing radar stations by the radio technical parameters of signals received during radio-electronic monitoring (SEM) of the Earth, using machine learning methods, taking into account the possibility of signals from unknown radars appearing in the test sample. In the process of work, an analysis of existing machine learning methods for processing SEM information was carried out using a developed mathematical model, implemented in program code, using simulated test data. In order to probabilistically evaluate methods for recognizing types of radar stations (radars) as part of the analysis of SEM information in a complex signal-interference environment, modeling of the initial data, consisting of a set of pairs “classification object - class label” was carried out. The radar type number was chosen as the class label, and the radar signal, which can be described using three characteristics: frequency, period, and signal pulse duration, was chosen as the classification object. The mathematical model for generating the initial data includes the ability to add a normally distributed measurement error depending on the specified standard deviation (RMSD) for each of the characteristics. In addition, the possibility of using various machine learning methods to search for outliers in the test sample was considered, and a probabilistic assessment of the accuracy of their work was also carried out. As a result of the research, based on the results obtained, the two most preferred methods of radar recognition were selected, as well as the most promising method of filtering signals from unknown radars. The use of the developed algorithms makes it possible to significantly speed up the recognition of radars based on the radio technical parameters of the signal with a high degree of recognition reliability.
Determination of parameters of radio emission sources
Authors: Slavyansky A.O. , Beskaravayny V.A. , Latyshev A.E. , Mironov P.N. , Savchuk P.N. , Grin A.V.
Published: October 2024

An important task requiring additional research is the analysis of algorithms for determining the carrier frequencies of broadband signals of various durations, allowing for a short pulse duration to reliably determine the parameters of the input signal with positive signal-to-noise ratios. The search for optimal ways to determine the parameters of radio emission sources with minimal input data under operating conditions as part of on-board radio monitoring systems. Methods for determining the frequency and phase characteristics of broadband and narrowband signals with a minimum signal duration (up to 1 microsecond) are presented. A modification of the guiding cosine algorithm has been developed to optimize the resources of the signal processing system. The proposed algorithms make it possible to reduce the amount of computing device resources used. The total computational complexity of the algorithms is relatively low, and the amount of memory used is acceptable for loading into computing nodes from on-board equipment. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the State assignment № 075-00701-24-07.
Formation of radar images of radiating radioelectronic devices by passive aperture synthesis
Authors: Tatarenkov K.V.
Published: October 2024

Statement of the problem. Justification of the possibility of creation of radar station with passive synthesis of the aperture for detection of the radiating REM and forming their of the radar image (RI) with high resolution capacity. Purpose. Justification of the possibility of forming RI of the radiating REM with high resolution capacity. Results. It is shown that receiving RI REM in the passive mode is possible. Practical importance. Resolution capacity necessary for detection and forming of RI of the radiating REM is provided.
Investigation of the polarization difference of the EM wave of an airborne EW system in the mode of coherent interference
Authors: Haralgin S.V.
Published: October 2024

Problem statement. Coherent interference generated from two or more points makes it possible to change the amplitude-phase distribution of the emitted wave. The effect of such interference on monopulse direction finders, which are widely used in weapon control radars, leads to abnormal coordinate determination errors. In some cases, combined jamming methods, the detection of such a jammer is a difficult task. The implementation of a set of measures to protect our own weapon control radars from electronic jamming is a critically important task. It is important to study the errors that occur and to form signs based on which it is possible to select sources of coherent interference. Goal. Evaluation of errors occurring in a monopulse direction finding system and investigation of polarization difference arising from the formation of coherent interference. Results. An assessment of the effect of coherent interference on the direction finding system has been carried out. Based on the calculation, a conclusion was made about the occurrence of an angular direction finding error, which in the range of 2-7 GHz exceeds the accuracy of modern radars. An electrodynamic simulation of the field in the far zone was carried out with radiation of the EA–18G Growler in the microwave CAD. The analysis of the influence of airframe elements on the distribution of the directional pattern is carried out. An assessment of polarization difference in the formation of coherent interference by AN/ALQ-99 aircraft stations has been carried out. It was concluded that there were significant differences in polarization characteristics within two beamwidths for AN/ALQ–99F jammers. Practical significance. Electronic protection against coherent interference generated by an electronic warfare aircraft station is possible on the basis of polarization selection.
Trends in the development of radio engineering monitoring of the Earth's surface
Authors: Ivashina A.V.
Published: October 2024

Global changes in the strategy and tactics of using precision weapons dictate the formation of new views on the issues of targeting. In order to ensure target designation with accuracy sufficient for the effective use of high-precision weapons, it is necessary to focus efforts on scientific research and the creation of key technologies for radio engineering monitoring of the Earth's surface. The article analyzes the features and directions of development of radio engineering monitoring of the Earth's surface, as well as formulate scientific directions in solving the problem of increasing their effectiveness in targeting high-precision weapons. The article discusses methodological approaches to solving issues of improving the effectiveness of radio engineering monitoring of the Earth's surface, provides an analysis, offers recommendations and identifies the directions of their development. The presented scientific and methodological approaches can be used as a basis for the development and application of effective means of radio engineering monitoring of the Earth's surface, as well as to substantiate the technical requirements imposed on them.
Dual-band ends-fed dipole-like driver for dual-band antenna arrays
Authors: Alekseytsev S.A. , Parshin Yu.N.
Published: October 2024

The article addresses the problem of dual-band structure designs based on the quasi-Yagi arrangements. The reported dual-band dipole antenna comprises the out-of-phase power divider, whose outputs excite the corresponding dipole arms to produce appropriate surface current distribution on them. The topology of the antenna itself is designed the way to provide high matching (the realized input reflection coefficient is not exceed minus 25 dB) at both central working frequencies. The low-band dipole is meandered to fit the substrate size. In addition, both the dipoles are excited on their remote terminals, which allows the more efficiently use of the circuit body space. The low profile implementation contributes to meeting the high demands of today and future wireless communications. The fundamental properties of linear dipole antennas, such as the Yagi, of being relatively simple in design, pure linearly polarized, having almost omnidirectional patterns made them of the great interest among researches. In addition, the Yagi arrangement itself allows building on its base even more complex antenna structures, comprised a number of linear dipoles, maintained along one of orthogonal axis. When centrally fed, the classical single-band Yagi antenna suffers from narrow band characteristics, becoming a kind of challenge, which has successfully been addressed by a number of researches in the past. At the same time, on the base of Yagi and quasi-Yagi designs it is possible to combine a number of radiating elements, producing, therefore, multi-band or wideband characteristics. This approach is highly efficient when designing multipurpose devices with different transmitting rates. In this project the novel approach for dual-band dipole antennas design is presented. The driven elements are excited from their remote terminals, forming the quasi-Yagi arrangement with untraditional excitation. The balancing scheme is formed by an out-of-phase power divider, whose outputs are connected to the dipoles arms. The topology of the antenna itself is designed to provide high matching (input reflection coefficient does not exceed minus 25 dB) at both center operating frequencies. When integrating a dual band balancing unit with the radiating elements it is crucial to provide low interference for better radiation characteristics. Besides, the surface currents on the ground plane, should not affect those on the radiating elements for better matching.
View for a future of UAVs in military applications
Authors: Ermolov I.L. , Khripunov S.P.
Published: October 2024

One of the most stable trends in recent years is the increase in the number of robotic equipment and complexes, primarily complexes with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The purpose of the work is to conduct a study of the prospects for military use of UAVs. The directions of the use of UAVs in military affairs are presented, as well as a list of scientific studies that need to be carried out for more effective use of UAVs. The presented material can be used to form programs for the development of military UAVs.
Unmanned aerial vehicle as an air defense target
Authors: Makarenko S.I. , Afonin I.E. , Ivanov M.S.
Published: October 2024

There have been reports of unauthorized use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in highly controlled areas (airports, military installations, against critical industrial infrastructure) in the media since the mid-2000s. Nowadays, small UAVs are widely used for unauthorized surveillance of important objects, conducting terrorist attacks and sabotage, carrying prohibited goods (weapons, drugs), as well as for military purposes. For this reason, the problem of countering UAVs, and especially small UAVs, has become extremely relevant. Analysis of publications in this area has shown a small number of serious studies on this topic. There are often too optimistic conclusions about the effectiveness of existing air defense systems for countering all types of UAVs in many papers. However, the problem of countering UAVs, and especially small UAVs, is highly complex, multi-faceted, and has not been solved yet. The purpose of this paper is to systematize and analyze various ways and means of countering UAVs, as well as to form general directions for effective solution of the problem. The material presented in the paper focuses on the analysis of the capabilities of air defense means to physical countering UAVs. The results of systematization and analysis of various methods and means of countering UAVs, which are based on physical interception, are presented in the article. This systematization is based on more than 60 open sources. The analysis of the sources show the main features of the UAV as an object of destruction and made possible a detailed multi-aspect analysis of modern air defense systems, their effectiveness and disadvantage. Suggestions for improving the effectiveness of the air defense systems what are used against UAVs are also summarized in this paper. Elements of the novelty of the paper are the general features of the detection and destruction of UAVs as well as systemic disadvantage in technological solutions of the air defense systems which lead to a decrease in their combat effectiveness when they are used against UAVs. The material of the paper can be used to generate initial data for modeling and studying the combat effectiveness of the air defense systems when countering UAVs. This article can be useful for designers who design countering UAV systems as well.
Problems of management of large density groups of UAVs
Authors: Verba V.S. , Merkulov V.I. , Milyakov D.A.
Published: October 2024

The use of large dense groups of UAVs in solving economic and military problems is increasingly used. When solving these problems, it is necessary to form managements that ensure: assemble the group with the construction of the required topology; management of each UAV in the framework of solving a common problem and preventing collisions in a group. The solution of these problems can be obtained on the basis of two approaches. The first – the traditional one – is based on the consideration of the UAV group as an aggregate of individual participants, for each of which management is formed, providing both the solution of the common task and the prevention of collisions within the group. The second – fundamentally new – is based on the consideration of a group of UAVs as a system with distributed parameters. Preliminary studies have shown the possibility of using this approach to solving the problem of managing large groups of UAVs. However, to determine all the possibilities of this approach, additional theoretical and applied research is required.
Method of constructive synthesis of a flat active phased array antenna with a limited number of active channels
Authors: Larin A.Y. , Litvinov A.V. , Mishchenko S.E. , Shatsky V.V. , Eliseev D.Y.
Published: October 2024

A method of constructive synthesis of a flat active phased array antenna from linear horizontal sublattices with an unequal number of antenna elements and the number of active channels equal to the number of sublattices is proposed. The transmission coefficients of the active channels, the number of elements in the sublattices and the coordinates of the placement of the phase centers of the sublattices of the active phased array antenna array in a flat opening are considered as the desired parameters of the constructive synthesis problem. Restrictions are set on the shape of the boundary of the flat opening and the amplitude distribution in the opening of the active phased array antenna. The requirements for the scanning sector of the active phased array antenna are formulated. The method is based on an iterative procedure. In the process of its implementation, the deviation of the amplitude distribution in the opening of the active phased array antenna from the sublattices from the specified amplitude distribution is minimized. The method has shown its efficiency in the formation of various amplitude distributions in the AFAR opening. The stability of the problem solution to external influences, including in the event of failures of antenna elements, is estimated. The solutions obtained can be used in monopulse radar stations with mechanical beam scanning in the azimuthal plane and electronic scanning in the angular plane.
The method of successive approximations in the problem of trajectory control of observations for a multi-position measuring system with variable topology
Authors: Kosogor A.A. , Khutortsev V.V.
Published: October 2024

Based on the method of successive Krylov-Chernousko approximations, a procedure for the synthesis of trajectory control of observations for a multi-position measuring system with a variable topology is obtained. Particular search procedures are applied sequentially to the trajectories of the corresponding mobile reception points. The method of successive approximations is implemented both with a partial update of the trajectory control law for observations of each of the IFR, and with a partial update of the topology during the transition from one mobile receiving point to another.
Model for generating data from navigation sensors for assessing the spatial position of objects
Authors: Lobodinova O.O. , Strotsev A.A.
Published: October 2024

When selecting or developing new algorithms for assessing the spatial position of objects based on data from consumer navigation equipment (CNA) of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and data from inertial MEMS modules, the task of generating test model input data that meets certain conditions arises. Such conditions include, for example, the requirements for limited time increments of elements of spatio-temporal trajectories and ease of formation of their characteristic sections. The characteristic sections of spatio-temporal trajectories can be sections of a stationary position – sections of “Rest” or sections of rectilinear movement. The importance of forming these areas is due to the need to test the potential capabilities of compared or developed algorithms for assessing the spatial position of objects to ensure an improvement in their accuracy characteristics in the presence of such areas in various conditions. A data generation model is proposed for comparing algorithms for estimating the spatial position of objects, which ensures that the time increments of elements of spatio-temporal trajectories are limited in time and the simple formation of their characteristic sections is met. The model is based on the selection of a set of specified parameters that would allow, on the one hand, to form characteristic sections of spatio-temporal trajectories, and, on the other hand, to obtain model output data of NAP GNSS and inertial MEMS modules. The selected set of specified model parameters is determined through a set of analytically specified functions with sequential calculation of their parameters, which is much simpler compared to traditional approaches that involve solving boundary value problems of optimal control with restrictions on the type of control functions or the construction and application of genetic models and algorithms. The use of the developed model makes it possible to generate test model input data for the selection or development of new algorithms for assessing the spatial position of objects, implemented in devices that include CNA of GNSS and inertial MEMS modules and produce results both in real time and in delayed time. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is confirmed by the criterion of suitability under the considered conditions.
Gallium arsenide octave-bandwidth microwave voltage-controlled oscillator having discrete varicap
Authors: Durkanaev M.G. , Ivashchenko D.I. , Tolstolutsky S.I. , Tikhov Yu.I.
Published: October 2024

Modern reconfigurable communication systems demand microwave voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) possessing an octave-wide bandwidth. Many advanced applications require also a low phase noise and a low current consumption for such VCOs. To meet an octave-bandwidth specification in combination with a low phase noise and a low current consumption it is desirable to implement a microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) technology. In-house gallium arsenide (GaAs) MMIC technology is implemented to build VCOs in this work. At the same time, in order to achieve a high-Q wide frequency tuning range, we implemented also a discrete variable capacitance diode (varicap). The discrete varicap is stacked above MMIC oscillator chip. A vertical design structure of the discrete varicap guarantees a high overlap capacitance ratio (K>20) along with reduced affect of the parasitic reactance. A high overlap capacitance ratio is needed for an octave-wide frequency tuning, while reduced affect of the parasitic reactance increases Q-factor of the VCO resonator. Hence, a sequential integration of the discrete varicap over monolithic oscillator chip resolves referred tough challenges in the design of VCO. Integrated VCO is finally packaged as a surface-mount device (SMD). At that SMD ceramic package is sealed with the metal lid. The oscillator circuitry is based on the conventional negative resistance approach with a positive feedback realized by common-source capacitance. An active element of the oscillator is a pseudomorphic high electron-mobility transistor (pHEMT). The gate length of a transistor is 0.15 µm. The width of the gate varies from 240 µm to 360 µm depending on working frequencies of the VCO. The varicap is built on the GaAs epitaxial heterostructure having customized gradient doping profile with abrupt junction. Nonlinear behavioral model of the varicap is extracted from the diode measurements and is further used for VCO simulation. Two types of VCO have been designed, fabricated and tested. First (second) type of VCO provides a tuning range from 5 to 10 GHz (from 10 GHz to 20 GHz), respectively. The measurement results demonstrate an output power of 3.9 dBm; a current consumption of 30 mA at a supply voltage of 5 V; a phase noise of minus 90 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset (minus 85 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset) for the first (second) type of VCO, respectively.
Monolithic integrated circuit LNA 5–10 GHz
Authors: Kantuk D.V. , Tolstolutskiy S.I. , Khara K.A.
Published: October 2024

One of the features of the current stage of development of microwave electronics is the widespread use of monolithic integrated circuits. The interest of radio-electronic equipment developers in MIS is caused not only by better microwave characteristics compared to modules made using hybrid technology, but also by economic feasibility, ease of setup and reproducibility of parameters of finished products. An integral part of the transmitting and receiving paths of such systems are MMICs of low noise amplifiers. The goal of the work is to implement a matched MIC microwave low-noise amplifier with operating frequencies from 5 to 10 GHz with a noise figure of at least 1.2 dB and a gain of at least 20 dB. To develop an amplifier with operating frequencies up to 10 GHz, technology with a design standard of 0.25 microns was chosen. To meet the requirements, a two-stage circuit with automatic bias was selected. The widths of the transistors were selected taking into account the analysis of the minimum achievable noise figure and the balance between current consumption and output power. The autobias of the first stage is organized using an inductor. This solution allows not only to set the required DC mode, but also ensures input matching of the amplifier. The second stage is covered by negative feedback, which has a positive effect on the stability of the amplifier and its output matching. The amplifier supply voltage is 5 V, while resistors in the DC filter circuits set the required voltage value at the drain of each stage. Based on electrodynamic analysis, a topology was synthesized and an MIC was manufactured in the form of a gallium arsenide crystal 1.8 x 1.8 mm in size and 100 μm thick. An experimental study of manufactured LNA samples showed that in the frequency range from 5 GHz to 10 GHz the noise figure does not exceed 1.2 dB, while the minimum gain in the operating band is 21 dB. Characteristics of the amplifier has good temperature stability. The main parameters of the manufactured microcircuit are at the level of parameters of foreign analogues.
Oscillations of photocurrent in the structure of a space-time electro-optical modulator in the presence of monopolar injection from illuminated contact
Authors: Kuzmin Yu.I.
Published: October 2024

The effect of injection current on transient photocurrent is studied in the case of arbitrary light absorption in space-time electro-optical modulator in the presence of charge carrier trapping. Photocurrent oscillations caused by the generation of alternating space-charge regions in the form of domains that move from the collector to the emitter, are found. It is shown that the injection current stabilizes an electric field on the emitter.
Increasing the accuracy of signal formation by changing the sampling rate
Authors: Popov O.B. , Chernysheva T.V. , Abramov V.A. , Borisov A.A. , Orlov K.V.
Published: October 2024

The problem of changes in the audio signal when changing the sampling frequency arose a long time ago, but interest in it has recently become more acute with an increase in the quality of signal formation and transmission. To some extent, this was also determined by the methods of assessing the quality of changes in the harmonic signal without taking into account changes in the actual broadcast signal. Algorithms for the formation of a new digital sequence after changing the sampling rate provided perfect quality in the conversion of the sinusoidal signal and large errors in the conversion of the real signal. Algorithms for changing the sampling rate Fd have been improved. The aim of this work is to study the features of changes in the sampling frequency in the paths of the broadcast channel and to develop algorithms for converting the sampling frequency in the frequency domain with an increase in conversion accuracy. It is shown that the algorithms for converting the sampling rate in the time domain have reached perfection and cannot be improved, so the transition to processing in the frequency domain is important. An algorithm for converting the sampling frequency in the frequency domain has been developed. The spectrum of the error signal for various types of converters is determined and the need for its compensation is determined. A method for introducing predistortions for converters with known and unknown sequence of sample rates used has been developed. The use of the results of this work makes it possible to improve the quality of broadcasting signals and information programs.
State of the art and prospects for the development of onboard radio systems for deep space communications
Authors: Boriskin D.D. , Plokhikh A.P. , Vazhenin N.A.
Published: October 2024

Currently, due to the rapid exploration of interplanetary space, more and more missions are being sent to deep space, and they promise to generate an exponentially increasing amount of data in the form of complex scientific measurements, high-resolution images and video. As a response to these challenges, scientists' attention is focused on the possibilities of laser, or optical, communication due to its potential to exceed the bandwidth of radio channels. And although broadband laser communication for near-Earth orbit and satellites in lunar orbit has been verified, deep space creates new problems for it, which will not soon allow abandoning the radio range. Therefore, this article discusses both the results achieved and the prospects for using the radio band in promising deep space communication systems. The purpose of the work was to assess the current state and prospects for the development of onboard deep-space radio communication systems. Based on the analysis of performance of foreign space-based transponders, the current state and prospects for the development of on-board radio systems for deep space communications are determined. The frequency ranges of space communications are considered, predictive estimates for the development of signal-code structures are obtained and the prospects for using various modulation methods are defined. The SDST transponder application is considered in detail by the example of telecommunications unit of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) data-relay satellite. The proposed forecast estimates can be used in the development of radio systems for deep space communications.
Dziecko z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu lekkim. Wybrane propozycje wspomagania rozwoju
Authors: Myśliński Damian
Published: October 2024

Child with mild intellectual disabilities. Selected proposals to support development
The book is an attempt to explore the possibilities of support in the educational and therapeutic process of children with mild intellectual disabilities. This publication is intended to inspire reflection on the educational and social inclusion process. The title analysis of selected proposals for supporting development is to become a hint for directing activities of educators in educational and therapeutic inclusion – accessible and adaptable to all diverse recipients.
The first chapter addresses sensorimotor and cognitive development and its importance in the child’s learning process. It characterizes sensorimotor skills and describes the elementary and complex cognitive processes. The second chapter discusses issues related to intellectual disabilities. The etiology and classifications of intellectual disabilities are presented, as well as a description of the functioning of a child with intellectual disabilities.
The third chapter is an attempt to review approaches and methods in supporting child development. Selected therapeutic proposals are presented, which can be used in daily pedagogical practice.
The fourth chapter details the context of applying the musical stimulus in education and therapy. The main part of this chapter is a selection of specific proposals in the field of music therapy – their presentation and comparison with the possibilities of using them in the educational process of children with mild intellectual disabilities.
The last chapter of this book is the author’s proposal for the use of musical material – song – during educational and therapeutic activities. Specific ideas for the arrangement of children’s and adolescent songs are proposed, the implementation of which can allow for holistic stimulation of the child’s psychophysical development.
Translated: Wiktoria Mroczek
Marriage and Family Legislation of August in Literary and Historical Sources of the 1st Century B.C. – 2nd Century A.D.
Authors:   Belgorod Information Fund, Kolotushkina Anastasia А.
Published: October 2024

Based on literary and historical-biographical works, the article considers the manifestations of the crisis of the institute of family and marriage in the Roman society of 1st century B.C. - 2nd century A.D., methods of legislative settlement of problems in the system of family relations, adopted by Emperor Augustus, and the subsequent reaction of society to the adopted laws. The author investigates the personal position of poets and historians with regard to Octavian's policy in the field of private life of Romans, identifies the main reasons for the degradation of moral and ethical norms in the society of the presented period. Investigating numerous attempts to circumvent Julian laws on the part of Roman citizens, as well as the deterioration of family and marriage relations, reflected in written sources, the author comes to the conclusion about the lack of effectiveness of Augustus' laws in the sphere of family and marriage.
The Gallo-Roman Aristocracy in the Service of the Barbarians: on the History of the Commander Eunius Mummolus
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Vladimirov Kirill A.
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the life and career of Eunius Mummolus, a native of a Gallo-Roman family, famous for his generalship and participation in the speech of Gundowald. The main source of Mummol's biography is the "History of the Franks" by Gregory of Tours. The example of Eunius shows that career opportunities for Gallo-Romans were not limited to church service – the most famous because of the large number of sources of the "survival strategy" in post-Roman Gaul. In turn, the Frankish monarchs not only attracted the local nobility to govern, but also tried to follow the late Roman traditions.
S. Milchert’s Service in Russia as a Cultural Transfer Phenomenon
Authors:   Peter the Great’s Museum for Anthropology and Ethnography (Кunstkamerа) Russian Academy of Sciences, Lupanova Yevgenia М.
Published: October 2024

The biography of forstmeister S. Milchert in Russian service is a vivid example of the transformation of borrowed Western-European experience in Russian conditions. Initially invited to perform tasks that appeared as a result of an active modernization and in connection with the need of building modern battleships, a few years later he began to perform purely traditional tasks of providing monarch hunting.
Soviet-Bulgarian and Russian-Bulgarian economic and socio-cultural interaction in the Belgorod region in the last third of the 20th century
Authors:   Regional State Government Institution «State Archive of the Belgorod region», Pchelinov-Obrazumov Alexander A. , Fomichev Nikolay N. ,   Regional State Government Institution «State Archive of the Belgorod region»
Published: October 2024

This article deals with the problem of economic and socio-cultural cooperation between the Belgorod region and Bulgaria. Bulgarian builders and workers have made a significant contribution to the formation of the modern industrial structure of the region. We have analyzed five funds of the State Archive of Belgorod region on Soviet-Bulgarian and Russian-Bulgarian cooperation for the specified period. The relations between Belgorod region and Bulgaria in the 1960-s and 1980-s became an important part of the interstate interaction between Bulgaria and the USSR. They also developed in the 1990s already in the context of the changed political and economic situation in both countries.
Comparative Analysis of European and Global Innovation Performance Barometers
Authors: FLEACĂ Bogdan
Published: October 2024

Business competitiveness and innovation play an important role in producing new and innovative products, services, and processes which enable productivity, job creation, and finally sustainable development. The growth strategy for Europe sets a great emphasis on the investments in research and innovation in all sectors to address issues of businesses innovation performance and to create circumstances for prosperity: smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth. This paper tackled the importance of innovation and performance and performed a comparative analysis of two well-known instruments envisaged by strategic decision makers to monitor innovation performance and innovation uptake, as key means to identify developments needed for improvement changes: the Innobarometer 2016 – EU business innovation trends and the GE Global Innovation Barometer (GIB) 2018. The results capture and designate main differences and similarities between the two monitoring tools which assess innovation performance. Finally, the author stressed the benefits brought by both monitoring tools for those responsible for making decisions on innovation, products development and research.