bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronique de jurisprudence de la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples (2019)
Authors: Burgorgue-Larsen Laurence , Ntwari Guy-Fleury
Published: March 2022

Cette chronique entend présenter les grandes lignes jurisprudentielles qui se dégagent de l’activité de la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples, tant s’agissant de la protection des droits par la Cour, que concernant les conditions procédurales d’accès à celle-ci et les différents types de mesures qu’elle est habilitée à imposer aux États. Sur le premier point, l’accroissement important du flot contentieux est à relever. Si la Tanzanie continue de drainer devant la Cour nombre d’affaires où le système judiciaire du pays est en cause, deux arrêts rendus contre le Bénin (affaire Sébastien Germain Ajavon ) et le Ghana (affaire Alfred Agbesi Woyome ) sont importants et laissent à voir des thématiques majeures : les droits des opposants politiques d’un côté et les relations troubles entre le monde des affaires et la puissance publique de l’autre. S’agissant des conditions d’accès à la Cour, le fait marquant est la dénonciation de la déclaration facultative de juridiction de la Cour par la Tanzanie, dont on sait qu’elle abrite la Cour sur son territoire. Il s’agit d’un précédent préoccupant. De fait, la Cour entre dans une période politique complexe, où elle doit arriver à préserver la confiance des États, alors que les requérants la confrontent – notamment par le biais des mesures provisoires – à ses importants pouvoirs dans le cadre du contrôle de la bonne gouvernance des règles électorales.
Le genre non binaire et fluide consacré par la Cour constitutionnelle : faut-il flexibiliser ou abolir l’enregistrement civil du sexe ?
Authors: Willems Geoffrey
Published: March 2022

La loi belge du 25 juin 2017 a significativement amélioré la condition des personnes transgenres en affirmant que la reconnaissance juridique de leur identité vécue ne pouvait être suspendue à aucune condition d’ordre médical. Sur le recours en annulation formé par trois associations, la Cour constitutionnelle belge a néanmoins jugé ces progrès insuffisants dès lors que le régime réformé ne permettait pas l’expression juridique des identités non binaires ou fluides. L’arrêt d’annulation partielle rendu le 19 juin 2019 invite alors le législateur à revoir sa copie pour prendre en compte les personnes dont le genre échappe aux catégories binaires du masculin et du féminin et/ou est sujet à des fluctuations dans le temps. Après un bref rappel de l’évolution législative, la présente contribution expose les ressorts de la décision de la Cour constitutionnelle et examine, à la lumière des directives internationales et des exemples étrangers, l’alternative qui se présente aujourd’hui au législateur, entre flexibilisation et abolition du sexe civil.
Le Comité des droits de l’homme des Nations Unies face à l’homme qui voulait être le premier réfugié climatique : une avancée mesurée mais bienvenue
Authors: Courtoy Marie
Published: March 2022

Le Comité des droits de l’homme des Nations Unies a rendu sa première décision en matière de migrations dites climatiques. Largement saluée par la doctrine, elle reconnaît que le principe de non-refoulement est susceptible de s’appliquer à ceux qui fuient les effets des changements climatiques. L’enthousiasme se doit cependant d’être mesuré : si la décision consacre une avancée positive, elle est loin d’éteindre une question éminemment complexe.
Carton rouge pour l’arbitrage de la Fédération turque de football
Authors: Frumer Philippe
Published: March 2022

Par son arrêt Ali Rıza et autres c. Turquie , la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme a jugé que l’instance arbitrale de la Fédération turque de football avait méconnu les garanties d’indépendance et d’impartialité. Elle a par ailleurs enjoint à l’État défendeur de prendre des mesures générales en vue de remédier au problème structurel constaté. Le présent commentaire s’attache, après avoir présenté les enseignements de l’arrêt, à en analyser les répercussions potentielles, non seulement pour les fédérations sportives mais aussi dans le contexte particulier des sanctions prononcées récemment par l’UEFA à l’encontre du club de Manchester City.
Épilogue de l’affaire N.D. et N.T. : ni démission, ni tolérance
Authors: Larché Marion
Published: March 2022

La Grande Chambre renverse à l’unanimité l’arrêt adopté par la chambre dans l’affaire N.D. et N.T. en concluant à la non-violation de l’article 4 du Protocole n o  4 et de l’article 13 de la Convention. Si la formation solennelle reconnaît que le comportement fautif des requérants est de nature à relativiser la portée des droits procéduraux garantis par ces dispositions, la solution adoptée ne signe pas pour autant la démission du juge européen des droits de l’homme en matière migratoire. La Cour dégage une définition extensive de l’expulsion et montre également qu’elle entend maintenir son contrôle sur les pratiques nationales aux frontières extérieures de l’Union européenne.
L’art de la juste mesure dans la lutte contre le coronavirus face à la dimension collective de la liberté de culte
Authors: Nihoul Marc , Wattier Stéphanie , Xavier François
Published: March 2022

Par une ordonnance rendue le 18 mai 2020, le Conseil d’État français a considéré que le maintien pendant la première phase du déconfinement d’une interdiction de tout rassemblement ou réunion dans les établissements de culte, sous la seule réserve des cérémonies funéraires pour lesquelles la présence de vingt personnes est admise, constituait une atteinte grave et manifestement illégale à la liberté de culte. Il a dès lors enjoint au Premier ministre de modifier cette interdiction « en prenant les mesures strictement proportionnées aux risques sanitaires encourus et appropriées aux circonstances de temps et de lieu applicables en ce début de ‘déconfinement’ pour encadrer les rassemblements et réunions dans les établissements de culte ». Après une analyse des faits et du raisonnement posé par le juge des référés du Conseil d’État, il est proposé, dans les lignes qui suivent, de resituer l’ordonnance dans son contexte national avant d’en analyser la conformité à la jurisprudence européenne et d’envisager la situation au regard du droit belge.
La prise en compte des émotions en formation de managers, entre prescriptions et réalité
Authors: Mallard Simon , Durat Laurence
Published: March 2022

Cette contribution a pour but d’analyser les nouvelles prescriptions de La Poste concernant la prise en compte des émotions en situation de formation. Ces nouvelles injonctions viennent en opposition au modèle historique. Nous tenterons de comprendre ce décalage à travers les différentes dimensions de ce qui fait dispositif (ou non) en contexte formatif au sens d’Albero. Il apparaît que si la place des émotions est revalorisée dans les discours internes de La Poste, l’ingénierie de formation peine à les traduire en modalités et pratiques les incluant. Ainsi, la prise en compte des émotions exprimées dans les formations analysées est partiellement empêchée et le dispositif ne permet pas réellement d’effectuer la transition attendue.
Professionnalisation des doctorants : résultats d’une étude sur le devenir des docteurs en sciences de l’éducation et de la formation
Authors: Mohib Najoua , Magot Claude-Alexandre , Plateau Jean-François
Published: March 2022

Cet article aborde la question de la professionnalisation des doctorants en sciences de l’éducation et de la formation à partir d’une étude réalisée sur le devenir des docteurs d’un laboratoire français du Grand Est. Fondée sur une démarche inductive, l’étude comprend deux volets. Une enquête par questionnaire a d’abord été menée dans le but de collecter des données sur les caractéristiques générales de la population enquêtée (N = 55) et d’identifier les parcours professionnels et de recherche des docteurs. Elle a été suivie d’une série de 19 entretiens semi-directifs, qui ont permis de recueillir des informations sur le vécu de la formation doctorale en termes de professionnalisation. Les résultats montrent que les profils professionnels des docteurs sont stables depuis l’enquête de l’Association des Enseignant.e.s et Chercheur.e.s en Sciences de l’Éducation de 2007 (Leclercq, 2008) et suggèrent plusieurs pistes de réflexion sur les conditions favorables à la professionnalisation des doctorants.
Pullback attractors for weak solution to modified Kelvin-Voigt model
Authors: Turbin Mikhail , Ustiuzhaninova Anastasiia
Published: March 2022

The paper is devoted to the investigation of the qualitative dynamics of weak solutions for the modified Kelvin-Voigt model on the base of the theory of pullback attractors for trajectory spaces. At first, for the studied model, an auxiliary problem is considered, its solvability in the weak sense is proved, and some solution estimates are established. Then, on the base of these estimates, a family of trajectory spaces is determined and the existence of trajectory and minimal pullback attractors for the considered trajectory spaces is proved.
An approximate approach for fractional singular delay integro-differential equations
Authors: Peykrayegan Narges ,   Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran, Ghovatmand Mehdi , Skandari Mohammad Hadi Noori , Baleanu Dumitru ,   Department of Mathematics, Cankaya University, Ankara 06530, Turkey,   Institute of Space Sciences, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
Published: March 2022

In this article, we present Jacobi-Gauss collocation method to numerically solve the fractional singular delay integro-differential equations, because such methods have better superiority, capability and applicability than other methods. We first apply a technique to replace the delay function in the considered equation and suggest an equivalent system. We then propose a Jacobi-Gauss collocation approach to discretize the obtained system and to achieve an algebraic system. Having solved the algebraic system, an approximate solution is gained for the original equation. Three numerical examples are solved to show the applicability of presented approximate approach. Obtaining the approximations of the solution and its fractional derivative simultaneously and an acceptable approximation by selecting a small number of collocation points are advantages of the suggested method.
An efficient numerical method for a time-fractional telegraph equation
Authors: Huang Jian ,   Institute of Mathematics, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China, Cen Zhongdi , Xu Aimin
Published: March 2022

In this paper a time-fractional telegraph equation is considered. First the time-fractional telegraph equation is transformed into an integral-differential equation with a weakly singular kernel. Then an integral-difference discretization scheme on a graded mesh is developed to approximate the integral-differential equation. The possible singularity of the exact solution is taken into account in the convergence analysis. It is proved that the scheme is second-order convergent for both the spatial discretization and the time discretization. Numerical experiments confirm the validity of the theoretical results.
Indonesian Ageing Workforces in Rural and Urban Areas
Authors: Vibriyanti Deshinta , Seftiani Sari , Ningrum Vanda , Putri Intan Adhi Perdana , Hidayati Inayah , Katherina Luh Kitty
Published: March 2022

In 2020, Statistics Indonesia revealed that one of two older people is still working. Based on the region, the proportion of older people who are working in rural areas is higher than in urban areas. This chapter aims to describes the socio-demographic characteristics of the Indonesian older workers by region area. Data of this chapter were based on the research about the quality of older people life conducted by The National Research and Innovation Agency and BPS data. The results show that the Indonesian older worker are vulnerable workers (both in urban and rural areas). The older workers in the rural areas have a worse condition due to lower wages, longer working hours, and lower health insurance ownership while the older workers in the urban mostly filled the service sector. Creating decent jobs for older people is an important thing to do considering that the older people in Indonesia still have the capacity and good physical condition to work.
Leader Competence Effectiveness
Authors: Figueiredo Paula Cristina Nunes
Published: March 2022

The changes that have taken place over the last few decades have culminated in the existence of a workforce of different ages and experiences in the organizational context. This diversity of workforce is a challenge for the human resources management not only in the integration processes, but also in the development of competences and in the management of workers' careers. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the leader's competences following a model that integrates a great variety of competences grouped in four dimensions: intellectual competences, social competences, management competences, and emotional competences. The survey results show the validity and reliability of the integrative model of leader competence. With this model, organizations can identify the skills that need to be developed to improve leadership effectiveness.
Challenges for Higher Education Graduates in the Post-Pandemic Labor Market
Authors: Günay Aslı
Published: March 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought widespread disruption to labor markets around the world. The pandemic has led to a dramatic shift in expected skill requirements, and it has forced people to acquire new demanded skills, including digital skills, to succeed in the workplace or find a job. Hence, the competition of higher education graduates in the labor market is now changing shape. Accordingly, young workers (15–24 years old) have a greater risk than older ones of being pushed out of the labor market since the current situation shows that higher education graduates do not have enough high-level digital skills in many countries. Although younger adults with a higher education degree are less likely to be unemployed than other educated adults, it is obvious the digital transformation in the workplace might affect them negatively if they cannot update their skills for the post-pandemic world.
Managing the Remote Workforce in the New Normal
Authors: Esen Dilek
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to determine how to manage the remote workforce in a period that covers during and after the COVID-19 pandemic called the new normal. According to this purpose, the content is as follows: the concept of new normal, remote working and hybrid work as a remote working model, advantages and disadvantages of remote working, managing the remote work and workforce. In this context, the author aimed to show remote working from all sides in the new normal and give an idea for researchers and practitioners about how to successfully manage the new normalization period post the COVID-19 pandemic.
Baby Boomers and Their Influence in the Colombian Organizational and Entrepreneurial Context
Authors: Pérez-Uribe Rafael Ignacio , Ocampo-Guzmán David , Ramirez-Salazar Maria Pilar
Published: March 2022

The Baby Boomers were a pivotal generation (1946 – 1964) for the Third Industrial Revolution (1945 – 2010), but with ages raging from 55 to 76, many are retirees and/or have entered the last stages of their productive lives. The last official census conducted in 2018 by Colombia's National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) concluded that there are 48,258,494 human beings living within Colombian soil, and out of the grand total, the Boomers accounted for 16,38%, which sums 7,904,742 (4,275,703 female and 3,629,039 male) raging between 55 to 75 years of age. The underlying question, and the one that the authors intend to answer, is Are Colombian Boomers like those in Europe and the US? In trying to answer this conundrum as best they can, an adaptation of the Rokeach's Personal Values Survey is employed, which is combined with another set of questions designed by the authors that identifies personal and familiar characteristics of the respondents by means of a non-probabilistic sample technique.
The Future Around Journalism
Authors: Wharton Ken
Published: March 2022

Journalism has a context. Before one can consider the future of journalism, one has to know something about the context – the setting of our future Earth. And while some aspects of the future are unknown, a number of dramatic changes are known with near certainty. The climate is entering into a period with no historical precedent. There is no near-term way to reverse the climate disruption being caused by the ever-rising amount of carbon in our atmosphere. Climate change will not be a story, but a setting: new and ever-changing rules of daily and seasonal life that will form the backdrop of everything that happens. One of the most evident consequences will be hundreds of millions of climate refugees—even in rich nations—with both international and regional borders hardened accordingly. In parallel to these climate-related changes, the quality of algorithmically generated text and videos will continue to advance. For any rapidly quantifiable task, deep-learning algorithms can quickly learn to outperform any human.
The Whole Flying Cars Thing
Authors: Johnson Phylis
Published: March 2022

This chapter examines the latest mode of personal and public transportation and considers its impact on society, from daily life to career. It comes with no surprise that our fascination with flying has been prominent for more than 100 years, if not from the birth of human civilization.
The Future Is Africa
Authors: Johnson Phylis
Published: March 2022

Africa promises a challenge to the world. Many tech companies will continue to move to Africa to test new technologies on what they believe is fertile ground for a large-scale future market in smart phones, drones, and new services. The largest impact on world politics over the next 30 to 50 years will be from Africa's young people, who will rise in influence more than any other nation. Large-scale companies are creating start-ups and headquarters in Africa, using the continent to test market products and technologies. African news media collaboratives have proven to serve as strong investigative community units against government corruption and serve as a model for other media groups wishing to do the same in their nations.
A Fuzzy Approach for Minimizing Machine Rental Cost for a Specially-Structured Three-Stages Flow-Shop Scheduling Problem in a Fuzzy Environment
Authors: El-Wahed Khalifa Hamiden Abd , Smarandache Florentin , Alodhaibi Sultan Saleh , Khalifa Hamiden Abd El-Wahed
Published: March 2022

Scheduling problem is a problem concerned with searching for an optimal or near optimal schedule subject to a number of constraints. Neuromas approaches have been investigated to solve the problem of scheduling with an aim to determine the sequence of processing jobs on a given set of machines. Its importance and relevance to industry has been promoted. Scheduling requires a variety of activities to accomplish a particular purpose within time and budget. Flow shop is the most classical study manufacturing environment in scheduling literature. This chapter deals with a special structured n-job of three machine flow shop scheduling with piecewise quadratic fuzzy processing times. One of the best approximate intervals, namely close interval approximation of PQFNs, is introduced. A fuzzy approach with the help of a heuristic algorithm is developed for minimizing the rental cost of machines under the specified rental cost. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Fuzzy Soft Set and Its Engineering Applications
Authors: Bhargavi K.
Published: March 2022

Uncertainty is the difference between actual information and obtained information which can exists in two different forms: one is randomness, and another is impreciseness. The fuzzy soft sets are widely used in a variety of applications in the fields of medical science, automation industry, engineering, economics, share market, social science, game theory, operational research, and so on. Chemical engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science engineering, and telecommunication engineering are prone to a variety of uncertainty in terms of system uncertainty and parameter uncertainty. Hence, with the application of fuzzy soft set, the uncertainty in the mentioned engineering types can be handled very well. In this chapter, fuzzy soft set is applied for handling the uncertainty in the mentioned engineering domains. The performance achieved by the fuzzy soft set-enabled computer science and engineering and biotechnology is found to be good towards the performance metrics like response time, throughput, resource utilization rate, and error rate.
Inverse Single-Valued Neutrosophic Soft Set and Its Application
Authors: Debnath Somen
Published: March 2022

Single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) can be viewed as an instance of the neutrosophic set (NS) proposed by Smarandache in 2005 to solve real decision-making problems that contain imperfect knowledge of the domain. Embedding the idea of SVNS with the soft set (SS), a new mathematical structure known as a single-valued neutrosophic soft set (SVNSS) is introduced to model the vague concept parametrically. In this chapter, the authors introduce a new soft model, namely inverse single-valued neutrosophic soft set (ISVNSS), that can be perceived as another mathematical model which is used to solve the purposes that are just opposite in the context of SVNSS. Also, they define different properties and operators associated with ISVNSSs. Finally, by using the ISVNSSs, an algorithm has been introduced that will serve the purpose of decision-makers to solve various real decision-making problems, and it will enable to unveil another type of uncertainty domain hidden in nature. This new approach surely provides more information to the decision-makers before they make any decisions on various attributes.
Neutrosophic Fuzzy Soft Matrix Theory and Its Application in Group Decision Making
Authors: Debnath Somen
Published: March 2022

In 2020, Sujit et al. introduced the notion of the neutrosophic fuzzy set (NFS) to deal with uncertainty under a fuzzy environment where the fuzzy membership grade of every element of the field of the domain is associated with three independent neutrosophic components, namely truth, indeterminacy, and falsity membership grade. The main focus of the chapter is to introduce a neutrosophic fuzzy soft set (NFSS) to deal with uncertainty parametrically, and it gives the approximate solution to the problem. NFSS is a mixture of a neutrosophic set, fuzzy sets, and soft sets. So, it can be treated as a hybrid structure that gives more flexibility to solve multi-criteria decision-making problems under a fuzzy environment. NFSS evolved as an extension of fuzzy set, soft set, neutrosophic set, etc. Then the authors propose an algorithmic approach for group decision-making (GDM) problems using a neutrosophic fuzzy soft matrix (NFSM) and its related properties. Finally, an illustrative example shows the applicability of the proposed approach.
Priority Weighted Neutrosophic Refined Soft Set
Authors: Sweety C. Antony Crispin , I. R. Sumathi , G. Aishwaryapriyadharshini
Published: March 2022

This chapter devises a new concept of priority weighted neutrosophic refined soft set (PWNRSS) by combining neutrosophic refined sets and soft sets implemented with prioritized universal elements and weightage-imposed parameters. The concepts of PWNRS subset, PWNRS null set, and PWNRS universal set are defined. Based on the definitions of n-norm and n-co-norm, the theoretical operations of PWNRS sets such as union, intersection, and complement are defined. AND-product and OR-product between two priority-weighted neutrosophic refined soft sets are introduced. Furthermore, priority weights neutrosophic refined soft set is expanded to MCDM technique to handle decision-making issues. TOPSIS has been examined more thoroughly for the PWNRSS decision-making issue. This proposed method might be extremely valuable in large-scale decision-making situations. Numerical examples are also provided to demonstrate the methodologies' dependability and applicability.
What Are the Possible Methods and Techniques in Forensic Accounting Necessary to Comply With Corporate Governance in Portugal?
Authors: Kamwani Suleman Sherali , Vieira Elisabete S. , Madaleno Mara Madaleno , Azevedo Graça Maria do Carmo
Published: March 2022

The forensic accountant profession has been highly established around the world due to world-renowned financial scams that occurred from Malaysian to Europe and leading to closures and to failures like Adelphia and many more. Forensic accounting techniques are a consortium of investigation and interrogation attempts by corrupt financial gurus. The sole rationale of this study is to investigate the possible forensic techniques and methods to improve the overall corporate governance in Portugal. The outcome of this study guides the Portuguese universities and colleges to set the syllabus of integrated forensic accounting techniques and to comply with corporate governance policies. The study found the necessity to highlight possible forensic accounting techniques. The methods proposed are to align the corporate communication structure via rectifying their corporate governance weaknesses, particularly in the areas of internal control and fraud financial reporting.
Financial Forensic Evidence and Acceptability in the Court of Law
Authors: Denhere Varaidzo
Published: March 2022

This chapter explores the role of forensic accounting in uncovering evidence for use in courts to litigate and arbitrate on financially related crimes. The chapter differentiates the operation of forensic accountants from external auditors and other accountants. It also provides examples of financial crimes and describes the role of forensic accounting in assisting courts deal with these crimes. Furthermore, the chapter outlines differences between forensic accounting and audit reports as well as discussing the admissibility of forensic accounting evidence in courts. Issues around forensic accounting are articulated. Recommendations include the convergence of all important stakeholders to agree on the appropriate curriculum for forensic accountants as well as guidelines and standards to shape the profession and prevent entry by incompetent and unqualified people. Future research should focus on the current inconsistencies on the profession's education mode of delivery, content, pedagogies, and empirical studies to establish specific skills required by forensic accountants.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Applying Forensic Accounting in the Developing Countries
Authors: Hong Phi Thi Diem , Giam Do Quang , Thao Lai Phuong
Published: March 2022

Vietnam has been reforming its economy to be more market-oriented and globally integrated since 1986. Under the circumstances, the Vietnam accounting system has been developed to meet the practical needs of enterprises. Forensic accounting is a new field in Vietnam accounting, but it is emerging as a good prospect for preventing financial crime and accounting fraud. This chapter focuses on the existing conditions and demand for forensic accounting in Vietnam. It includes the technique and skill requirements of forensic accounting to provide advantages and disadvantages of applying forensic accounting in Vietnam. The chapter will also enrich the book titled Significance of Forensic Accounting Techniques in Corporate Governance by overviewing Vietnam's accounting system and helping Vietnam achieve sustainable economic growth.
Significance of Audit Committees in Corporate Governance
Authors: Khan Muhammad Irfan , Iqbal Athar , Salman Syed Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Corporate governance is considered the backbone of corporations. Audit committee is one of the factors that plays a pivotal role to guide and monitor business-related matters of firms while following the national and international audit standards. The chapter covers the involvement of the audit committee with respect to corporate governance. It ranges from audit committee formations to its importance, composition, significance, and the role in quality financial reporting according to international standards. The chapter generally focuses on the audit committee and not any particular country or firms. The importance of the audit committee has always been recognized, but due to some examples of bad corporate governance practices, it became an important variable of corporate governance.
Building 3D and XR City Systems on Multi-Platform Devices
Authors: Zawadzki Tomasz , Kitchin Rob
Published: March 2022

In this chapter, the authors detail how six commercial products have sought to provide 3D spatial media solutions for the planning domain, and set out their own approach to developing an interactive, multi-platform city information model (CIM) for desktop/WebGL (on a PC), VR (HTC Vive), and MR (Microsoft HoloLens) for Dublin informed by user requirements elicited through interviews with professional urban planners. They demonstrate how a Unity game engine solution can be used to build and manage a multi-platform CIM project from initial stage to the final build. They discuss issues concerning the handling geographic data, data integration, UI development, multi-platform support, interaction types (controllers, gestures, etc.), and potential application. They present core interactive simulations, including shadow analysis, flood resilience, visibility analysis, importing building models, and run-time modeling tool, which are crucial for city information modeling.
Contextual Inquiry of Food Ordering Apps
Authors: Bhutkar Ganesh D. , Singh Mishail Shailendra , Kurniawan Yohannes
Published: March 2022

Due to rapid digitization in India, a large section of the Indian population has gained access to fast and affordable internet services such as online food ordering. It offers a fascinating opportunity to research the way Indian people utilize food ordering apps. This chapter provides an interesting study based on contextual inquiry of Indian food ordering app users. The collected data, in interviews and other minute observations, have been documented into five work models, which explain various facets of the food ordering and delivery process and related user experience of Indian users. The identified user-types reveal insights into the unique mindset of Indian users when using and navigating these apps. The analysis of the work models and various top food ordering apps have also highlighted various subtle but important cultural implications of ordering food.
Performance Measurement of Natural Dialog System by Analyzing the Conversation
Authors: Naik Neelam Pramod
Published: March 2022

The natural dialog system, Chatbot, plays an important role in business domains by properly answering customer queries. In the pattern matching approach of Chatbot development, the user input is matched with a predefined set of responses. The machine learning approach of Chatbot development uses the principles of natural language processing to learn from conversational content. This study focuses on the performance measurement of pattern-based and machine learning-based Chatbot systems. As per the user point of view, performance measurement parameters are the ability to answer quickly, accurately, and comprehensively; to understand questions clearly; user friendliness; personalization options; ethics followed; and ability to process user feedback. The comprehensiveness of the knowledge base, robustness to handle unexpected input, scalability, and interoperability are some of the parameters considered to evaluate the Chatbot system by expert point of view. In this study, the specially designed Chatbot Usability Questionnaire is used to measure the performance of the implemented Chatbot systems.
Social Network Mining, Analysis, and Research Trends
Authors: Banubakode Abhijit , Gosavi Chhaya Santosh , Satpute Meghana
Published: March 2022

Social media has altered the way we interact with the world around us. Social media usage has taken the world by storm the previous couple of years, and the wide variety of users has grown manifold. The analysis of social networks has been given special attention in recent years, mainly because of the success of online social networks and media sharing sites. In intelligence management, social structures need to be revealed to see social behaviour and social change based on the interactions that have taken place between the social members. Social network mining is very important because of various reasons. For example, studying and analysing social networks allows us to understand social behaviours in different contexts. In addition, by analysing the roles of the people involved in the social network, we can understand how information and opinions spread within the network, and who are the most influential people. This chapter presents a methodical review of social media and mining by applying data mining algorithms to study social networks.
Digital Transformation Demystified
Authors: Gaydarov Nikola Petkov , Ilieva Roumiana
Published: March 2022

This chapter aims to clarify all mysteries about the term digital transformation. First, the focus will be understanding more about what is digital and what is transformational. The chapter will provide guidance on why we need digital transformation at all. What will be the penalties if the organizations try to pass? There are five key domains which will be covered: customers, competition, data, innovation, and value. After the domain, the chapter will introduce the six stages of digital transformation: business as usual, present and active, formalized, strategic, converged, and innovative and adaptive. Key topics that will be explained are the difference between digitization, process digitalization, and digital transformation. Finally, the chapter will end with more details on how to lead and embed the digital transformation in the organization.
Impact of Digital Transformation via Unified Communication and Collaboration Technologies
Authors: Bolton Anthony D. , Goosen Leila , Kritzinger Elmarie
Published: March 2022

In order to summarize and provide readers with an overview of the content, the purpose of this chapter is stated as describing the design of case study research developed for evaluating the impact of digital transformation on the development of new business models and consumer experiences, against the background of an empirical study into the effects of the introduction of unified communications and collaboration (UC&C) technologies on productivity and innovation within the context of the large-scale global automotive design, manufacturing, and business operations of General Motors (GM).
Does Age Matter?
Authors: Ologeanu-Taddei Roxana , Guthrie Cameron , Wamba Samuel Fosso
Published: March 2022

Previous literature has suggested that age indirectly influences the intention to adopt an information technology, and notably a m-health application. However, few studies have investigated this link. Voluntarily proximity tracing applications (PTA) are the first mobile applications to be implemented nationwide for population health issues. Our paper investigates the effect of age on the antecedents (perceived ease of use and usefulness, trust, and privacy control) of the intention to adopt a PTA. Our model is tested on a representative sample of 1000 French citizens. All variables were measured using scales drawn from the extant literature and adapted to suit the context. Age was measured as a continuous variable. . We found that age directly influences privacy control, but it has no direct effect on trust nor on the perceived ease of use or the perceived usefulness of a PTA. The results show that age is not a direct determinant of the antecedents of behavioral intention except of privacy control.
Interpretation of Emoji-Only Messages by Message Producers and Receivers
Authors: Akadal Emre , Söyük Mustafa Zeyd
Published: March 2022

Emoji play a significant role in mutual communication. It was seen that emoji might carry different meanings depending on groups or cultures, although they are considered as a language valid for everyone. This study investigated how individuals responded to the questions directed to them using emoji, how they described the basic emotions, and what the individuals who read these messages understood. The study consisted of two stages. At the first stage, the participants were asked to respond to 10 questions, for which answers with concrete and abstract contents were sought, by using first emoji-only and then only text. Moreover, they were requested to express the eight basic emotions they were shown only with emoji. The participants also determined a satisfaction level for the emoji responses. At the second stage, a different group of participants scored the satisfaction levels by displaying the question. It was found out that a message consisting of emoji might be evaluated by the receiver in a different way, even if it has been created with a high satisfaction level.
Examining Higher Education Students' Intention of Adopting MOOCs
Authors: Singh Sindhu
Published: March 2022

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have now become mainstream for learning in unprecedented situations, where traditional classroom learning is difficult to conduct. The aim of this study is to understand the factors that lead to the higher education students’ adoption of MOOCs and the barriers that prevent their use. This study proposes a theoretical model for measuring the higher education students’ intention to adopt MOOCs. The PLS-SEM approach was used to test the theoretical model developed for this study with a sample of 312 higher education students. The theoretical model explained 63.1% of the variance in the dependent variable of behavioral intention to use MOOCs. The findings identified that facilitating conditions, perceived usefulness, course flexibility, and job relevance are the factors—in order of their influence—that predict the higher education students’ perceived intention to use MOOCs. The findings of this study contribute to this existing body of knowledge of MOOCs adoption.
Di lupi, genti e luoghi. Storie e rappresentazioni dal Medioevo a oggi
Authors: Visconti Agnese
Published: March 2022

Il dossier di Archivio Storico Ticinese che qui si presenta, prende le mosse, come scrive Andrea Martignoni nell’Introduzione ai sette contributi che lo compongono, dall’osservazione di come il ritorno del lupo sugli Appennini e sulle Alpi − dopo un periodo relativamente lungo di assenza dovuto allo sterminio attuato tra l’epoca moderna e l’inizio del secolo scorso − abbia posto la questione centrale della convivenza tra l’uomo e l’animale, la cultura e la natura, la pastorizia e il mondo dei predatori, polarizzando e dividendo l’opinione pubblica [...].
Community-oriented primary care for National Health Insurance in South Africa
Authors: Moosa Shabir
Published: March 2022

This is a report on Chiawelo Community Practice (CCP) in Ward 11, Soweto, South Africa, a community-oriented primary care (COPC) model for National Health Insurance (NHI) in South Africa, developed by a family physician. A shift to capitation contracting for primary health care (PHC) under NHI will carry risk for providers – both public and private, especially higher number of patient visits. Health promotion and disease prevention, especially using a COPC model, will be important. Leading the implementation of COPC is an important role for family physicians in Africa, but global implementation of COPC is challenged. Cuba and Brazil have implemented COPC with panels of 600 and 3500, respectively. The family physician in this report has developed community practice as a model with four drivers using a complex adaptive system lens: population engagement with community health workers (CHWs), a clinic re-oriented to its community, stakeholder engagement and targeted health promotion. A team of three medical interns: 1 clinical associate, 3 nurses and 20 CHWs, supervised by the family physician, effectively manage a panel of approximately 30 000 people. This has resulted in low utilisation rates (less than one visit per person per year), high population access and satisfaction and high clinical quality. This has been despite the challenge of a reductionist PHC system, poor management support and poor public service culture. The results could be more impressive if panels are limited to 10 000, if there was a better team structure with a single doctor leading a team of 3–4 nurse/clinical associates and 10–12 CHWs and PHC provider units that are truly empowered to manage resources locally.
Prognostic nomograms for patients undergoing radical operation for stage I-III appendiceal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Weiran , Jia Shenghua , Zhang Yangzi , Yan Fei , Wang Xinyuan , Li Li , Guo Jianying , Liang Jun
Published: March 2022

Objective:

To develop nomograms for effective prediction of cause-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) of patients who underwent radical operation for stage I-III appendiceal adenocarcinoma.

Methods:

Clinical information from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database was retrieved from 2004 to 2015 and subjected to multivariate analysis to explore variables that affect the OS and CSS. Results were used to construct nomograms to assess the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS rates, then their calibration accuracy and discriminative power were examined using Kaplan–Meier curves, calibration plots, and C statistics.

Results:

Overall, 1,241 patients were included in the analysis. We found 7 and 5 factors that could independently alter the prognosis, then used for creating nomograms for evaluating the OS and CSS, respectively, with respective C-index values of 0.741 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.729–0.754) and 0.747 (95% CI: 0.733–0.762). Calibration and receiver operating characteristic curves further revealed excellent predictive performance.

Conclusions:

We successfully built highly accurate nomograms for evaluating the 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS and OS rates in subjects who underwent radical operation for stage I-III appendiceal adenocarcinoma. Further studies, involving prospective validations, are required to validate these nomograms.
Peripheral insertion of reverse-tapered and non-tapered central catheters (PICC) in patients receiving tumor chemotherapy
Authors: Li Fuxia , Shen Hongchang , Wang Min , Wang Yan
Published: March 2022

Objective:

The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of the reverse-tapered peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) and the nontapered PICC in tumor chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective January to May 2019, 110 subjects were collected in the study, including a group of 49 patients with the reverse-tapered PICC catheters. In the other group, 61 patients were implanted with the nontapered PICC catheters. The incidence of PICC catheter-related symptomatic thrombosis, the difficulty degree of catheterization, and the rate of bleeding at the puncture point 24 h after catheterization were compared between two groups.

Results:

The comparison of the difficulty of catheterization and the permeability rate at puncture point 24 h after catheterization between the two groups showed statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of symptomatic thrombosis associated with PICC catheters between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The reverse-tapered PICC and the nontapered PICC catheters have similar safety performance in tumor chemotherapy; different design types of PICC were selected according to the treatment needs of patients.
Prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and primary tumor location in epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xie Xueqi , Li Xiaolin , Tang Wenjie , Chen Jinlong , Xie Peng , Li Minghuan
Published: March 2022

Context:

Few studies have reported on the relationship between complete blood count (CBC) parameters and progression-free survival (PFS) in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

Aims:

Evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment in patient CBC with advanced NSCLC when treated with epidermal growth factor receptor-TKIs as first-line to third-line therapy.

Settings and Design: We retrospectively analyzed 190 patients receiving TKIs with metastatic NSCLC harboring an exon del19, 21 L858R mutations, or other rare mutations.

Materials and Methods:

Pretreatment blood data were obtained from electronic medical records. Patient imaging results were used to identify tumor location.

Methods: Baseline clinical characteristics were compared by Pearson's Chi-square and Student's t-tests. Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic value of peripheral blood parameters on PFS. All prognostic factors were explored with multivariable regression.

Results:

Patients with high Neu% (13.0 vs. 18.8 months, P= 0.003), Neu (12.0 vs. 14.5 months, P = 0.014), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (7.0 vs. 15.2 months, P < 0.001) had worse PFS. In contrast, patients with higher Lym (13.0 vs. 16.5 months, P = 0.012) and Lym% (8.8 vs. 15.3 months, P < 0.001) showed better PFS. In addition, tumor location was also an important factor for prognosis (11.6 vs. 14.3 months, P = 0.003).

Discussion:

Our data indicated that Lym, LLym%, HNeu, HNeu%, and HNLR were associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients treated with TKIs. NLR and primary tumor location were both identified as independent risk indicators for worse PFS based on multivariate analysis.