bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fibrosis imaging with multiparametric proton and sodium MRI in pig injury models
Authors: Rasmussen Camilla W. , Bøgh Nikolaj , Bech Sabrina K. , Thorsen Thomas H. , Hansen Esben S. S. , Bertelsen Lotte B. , Laustsen Christoffer
Published: September 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common and has huge implications for health and mortality. It is aggravated by intrarenal fibrosis, but the assessment of fibrosis is limited to kidney biopsies, which carry a risk of complications and sampling errors. This calls for a noninvasive modality for diagnosing and staging intrarenal fibrosis. The current, exploratory study evaluates a multiparametric MRI protocol including sodium imaging (23Na‐MRI) to determine the opportunities within this modality to assess kidney injury as a surrogate endpoint of fibrosis. The study includes 43 pigs exposed to ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) or unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), or serving as healthy controls. Fibrosis was determined using gene expression analysis of collagen. The medulla/cortex ratio of 23Na‐MRI decreased in the injured kidney in the IRI pigs, but not in the UUO pigs (p = 0.0180, p = 0.0754). To assess the combination of MRI parameters in estimating fibrosis, we created a linear regression model consisting of the cortical apparent diffusion coefficient, ΔR2*, ΔT1, the 23Na medulla/cortex ratio, and plasma creatinine (R2 = 0.8009, p = 0.0117). The 23Na medulla/cortex ratio only slightly improved the fibrosis prediction model, leaving 23Na‐MRI in an ambiguous place for evaluation of intrarenal fibrosis. Use of multiparametric MRI in combination with plasma creatinine shows potential for the estimation of fibrosis in human kidney disease, but more translational and clinical work is warranted before MRI can contribute to earlier diagnosis and evaluation of treatment for acute kidney injury and CKD.
Aspects of emotional labor of public health nurses engaged in interpersonal support
Authors: Honda Junko , Sasaki Akiko , Tsuda Shio , Matsuyama Machiko , Morita Kumiko
Published: September 2022

Aim

Clarifying the emotional labor of public health nurses while providing interpersonal support.

Design

Qualitative descriptive study conducted using content analysis to clarify the aspect of emotional labor of PHNs regarding interpersonal support.

Methods

Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 28 public health nurses employed by seven city governments in Japan. The data items obtained were categorized using deductive content analysis.

Results

When attempting interpersonal support, PHNs showed the following aspects of emotional labor: (1) negative emotions towards residents and resident‐focused emotions; (2) emotional rules based on duty performance, emotional rules based on fairness, emotional rules based on intimacy; (3) adaptive emotional regulation, maladaptive emotional regulations and (4) emotional expressions based on friendliness, emotional expressions based on calmness.

Conclusion

PHNs used adaptive emotional regulation in some cases and sometimes resorted to maladaptive forms. A system of support should be established to ensure the smooth and effective provision of interpersonal support.
Central monitoring of depression and anxiety symptoms reduces placebo responses in depression clinical trials: A post hoc exploratory analysis of data from the phase III CCT‐004 trial of vortioxetine
Authors: Watanabe Yoshinori , Nishimura Akira , Kikuchi Toshiaki , Sawada Norifusa , Imazaki Manami , Inada Isao , Watanabe Koichiro
Published: September 2022

Aim

Clinical trials of antidepressants often fail to demonstrate their efficacy versus placebo, suggesting that patient selection based on physician ratings of depression may contribute to a high placebo response.

Methods

In the CCT‐004 trial of vortioxetine, central monitoring was employed to compare physician and patient ratings of depression and anxiety at baseline and over time to identify factors contributing to a large placebo response, as well as to explore the potential of a unique patient‐rated clinical measure combining QIDS‐J and Himorogi Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (HSAS), to contribute to optimal patient selection at baseline and patient monitoring over time.

Results

The CCT‐004 trial showed similar trends between the QIDS‐J and MADRS (Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale) ratings. It was suggested that central monitoring of the QIDS‐J and MADRS ratings of depression and anxiety symptoms helped reduce the baseline score inflation by calling the study sites' attention to discrepancies between these ratings at baseline; it also allowed these ratings to be assessed for their concordance over time. Of note, MDD patients with baseline QIDS‐J scores ≥11/HSAS ≤19 were associated with the smallest placebo response, with the effect size being larger than that for those with QIDS‐J scores ≤10/HSAS ≥20.

Conclusion

The use of both physician and patient ratings of depression and anxiety symptoms at baseline and over time, as well as their central monitoring, helped minimize the baseline score inflation and optimize patient monitoring over time, and allowed the antidepressant to be evaluated for its full therapeutic potential.
Excellent flame retardancy and air stability through surface coordination of few‐layer black phosphorus with TiL4 in epoxy resin
Authors: Diao Wenjie , Wang Kunxin , Jiao Enxiang , Yang Hui , Li Zhao , Wu Kun , Shi Jun
Published: September 2022

Black phosphorus (BP) has been attractive for many research groups as its promising properties. However, the poor air stability of BP has limited its practical applications. To simultaneously address this problem and improve the flame retardancy of BP in epoxy resin (EP), a surface coordination strategy was proposed. Herein, a titanium ligand (denoted as TiL4) was designed to coordinate BP nanosheets, which can occupy the lone pair electrons of BP. The Ti–P coordination contributed to the improvement of ambient stability of BP. The serious degradation was observed from pure BP owing to the oxidation. Whereas, the surface coordination can impede the ambient degradation rate of BP by 74.07%. With the addition of 1.5 wt% TiL4@BP, the char yield of EP nanocomposites was increased by 20.55% due to the catalytic charring effect of TiL4@BP. The incorporation of 1.5 wt% TiL4@BP can reduce the peak of heat release rate and total heat release values of EP by 29.41% and 23.32%. The EP/TiL4@BP 1.5 also can pass the UL‐94 V‐0 rating, and its value of limiting oxygen index was enhanced by 13.60%. The improvement in the flame retardancy of BP in EP can be largely ascribed to synergistic catalytic charring effects between BP and TiL4. The condense and compact char layer can act as a physical barrier to restrict the exchange of pyrolytic products and the transfer of heat. In addition, the free radical quenching effect of BP nanosheets also accounted for the excellent flame retardant performance of EP. This work proposed a reference for synchronically obtaining the improvement for the air stability and flame retardant performance of BP.
Family‐centered communication in pediatric sickle cell disease
Authors: Carlson Megan M. , Bear Benjamin , Alderfer Melissa A. , Schultz Corinna L. , Monroe Donna Pennington , Crosby Lori E. , Hildenbrand Aimee K.
Published: September 2022

Background

Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience systemic barriers in accessing high‐quality care. Research suggests that patient/family–provider relationships are an important indicator of healthcare quality and can influence disease self‐management and outcomes. The Patient Centered Communication (PCC) framework holds that patient/family‐centered communication (e.g., eliciting, understanding, and validating patients’ perspectives within their unique psychosocial contexts) contributes to improved family–provider relationships, as well as self‐efficacy for disease management, adherence, and health outcomes. While the PCC framework has been useful in guiding the evaluation of patient/family–provider communication in other pediatric populations, it has not yet been applied in the context of pediatric SCD. This study aimed to use this framework to examine patient and family perceptions of communication with pediatric SCD healthcare providers.

Procedure

Total 17 caregivers (82% mothers, 94% Black/African American) and eight patients (62% female, aged 13–19 years, M = 16.50) completed semi‐structured interviews. The PCC framework informed the development of a preliminary codebook. Thematic content analysis summarized family perspectives regarding communication with providers.

Results

For youth with SCD and their caregivers, specific themes related to family‐centered communication included: reducing patient/family distress, supporting disease self‐management efforts, facilitating information exchange and decision‐making, and fostering positive and trusting relationships with providers.

Conclusions

This study helps to address gaps in the literature related to patient/family–provider communication within pediatric SCD. Results underscore the importance of patient‐ and family‐centered communication across pediatric SCD care. These findings can inform future research and clinical care initiatives to improve patient/family–provider interactions and health outcomes for this underserved population.
A dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography for QuEChERS determination of chlorogenic acid
Authors: Amin Mujahid , Sharif Shahzad , Akram Sumia , Muhammad Gulzar , Amin Saqib , Ashraf Rizwan , Mushtaq Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The presence of chlorogenic acid (CGA) not only imparts a characteristic flavour to foods but also makes them useful against chronic diseases and metabolic syndromes, especially diabetes mellitus and asthma.

Objectives

The present study was designed to develop a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) and pragmatic method to analyse CGA in plant‐based products by applying dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography under a diode array detector (RP‐HPLC‐DAD).

Methodology

The DLLME was carried out using Triton X‐100 as a dispersant and ethanol as an extraction solvent, while method development and validation activities were performed on a Shimadzu 10‐AT HPLC‐DAD system equipped with C‐18 columns as stationary phases.

Results

The well‐resolved peak for the standard CGA was observed at 2.92 min for the mobile phase comprising 0.1% aqueous formic acid‐ethanol (22:78 v/v) of pH 3.0 programmed under an isocratic flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The developed method was found to be linear (R2 = 0.9976) over 1–500 μg/mL of CGA concentration at 328 nm. Moreover, the assay was found to be repeatable with RSD ≤ 5.0, and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.0281 and 0.0853 μg/mL of CGA, respectively. The DLLME offered an overall recovery rate between 97.60% and 99.54% at an acceptable level of reproducibility [relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 5.0].

Conclusion

The developed assay was found to be a QuEChERS and pragmatic choice for the high‐throughput analysis of CGA in plant‐based products/foods. Finally, the analysis revealed the presence of an ample level of CGA in guava fruit in addition to coffee beans and black tea.
Posttraumatic growth and life course stress predict dyadic wellbeing among sexual and gender minority (SGM) and non‐SGM couples facing cancer
Authors: Bybee Sara G. J. , Cloyes Kristin G. , Mooney Kathi , Supiano Katherine P. , Baucom Brian R. W. , Ellington Lee
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study examined: (1) Differences among sexual and gender minority (SGM) and non‐SGM couples' life course stress, posttraumatic growth (PTG), individual, and dyadic wellbeing while facing cancer, (2) The predictive ability of PTG and life course stress on wellbeing for each dyad member, and (3) The predictive ability of dyad‐level PTG and dyad‐level life course stress on dyadic wellbeing.

Methods

Thirty SGM and 30 non‐SGM dyads (N = 60) completed measures assessing demographics, life course stress, PTG, individual, and dyadic wellbeing. Regression and multilevel models tested predictive hypotheses.

Results

Participants were 56.3 years old on average (SD = 13.6) and were together for 24.2 (SD = 14.9) years. SGM participants reported greater life course stress and higher scores on the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS‐21) than non‐SGM participants. A dyad members' higher PTG predicted their partners' higher DASS‐21 score, dyad members' higher life course stress predicted their own higher DASS‐21 score, and patients' higher life course stress predicted their partners' higher DASS‐21 score. Greater dyadic PTG predicted greater dyadic wellbeing.

Conclusions

SGM and non‐SGM couples experience PTG equally despite SGM couples' greater life course stress and higher DASS‐21 scores. Future research is needed to explore how PTG may affect individuals and couples differently.
Evaluation of Hamiltonella on Aphis gossypii fitness based on life table parameters and RNA sequencing
Authors: Niu Ruichang , Zhu Xiangzhen , Wang Li , Zhang Kaixin , Li Dongyang , Ji Jichao , Niu Lin , Gao Xueke , Luo Junyu , Cui Jinjie
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Insect endosymbionts are widespread in nature and known to play key roles in regulating host biology. As a secondary endosymbiont, bacteria in the genus Hamiltonella help cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) defend against parasitism by parasitoid wasps, however, the potential negative impacts of these bacteria on cotton aphid biology remain largely unclear.

RESULTS

This study aims to evaluate the potential impacts of Hamiltonella on the growth and development of cotton aphids based on life table parameters and RNA sequencing. The results showed that infection with Hamiltonella resulted in smaller body type and lower body weight in aphids. Compared to the control group, there were significant differences in the finite and intrinsic rates of increase and mean generation time. Furthermore, the RNA sequencing data revealed that the genes related to energy synthesis and nutrient metabolism pathways were significantly downregulated and genes related to molting and nervous system pathways were significantly upregulated in the Hamiltonella population.

CONCLUSION

Our results confirm that Hamiltonella retarded the growth and development of cotton aphids accompanied by the downregulation of genes related to energy synthesis and nutrient metabolism, which provides new insights into aphid‐symbiont interactions and may support the development of improved aphid management strategies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Resource pulses and human–wildlife conflicts: linking satellite indicators and ground data on forest productivity to predict brown bear damages
Authors: Bautista Carlos , Oeser Julian , Kuemmerle Tobias , Selva Nuria
Published: September 2022

Pulsed resources have prominent effects on community and ecosystem dynamics; however, there is little research on how resource pulses affect human–wildlife interactions. Tree masting is a common type of pulsed resource that represents a crucial food for many species and has important bottom‐up effects in food webs. In anthropogenic landscapes, years of food shortage after mast years can have negative outcomes for both people and wildlife, for instance when an increased use of anthropogenic foods by animals exacerbates human–wildlife conflicts. Here, we used novel remote sensing indicators of forest productivity and phenology, together with weather cues and ground measures of mast production, to assess whether years of masting and crop failures lead to changes in human–wildlife conflict occurrence. We used a unique 14‐year dataset including the production of European beech Fagus sylvatica seeds and brown bear Ursus arctos damage in the northeastern Carpathians as our model system. Linking these data in a panel regression framework, we found that temporal fluctuations in damage occurrence were sensitive to the year‐to‐year variation in beechnut production. Specifically, the number of damages during bear hyperphagia (i.e., September to December, when bears need to accumulate fat reserves prior to hibernation) was significantly higher in years with low beechnut production than in normal or mast years. Furthermore, we provide evidence that beech masting and failure can be predicted through a combination of remote‐sensing, weather, and field indicators of forest productivity and phenology. We demonstrate how pulsed resources, such as tree masting, can percolate through food webs to amplify human–wildlife conflict in human‐dominated landscapes. Given the recent range expansion of large carnivores and herbivores in many regions, including Europe, predicting years of natural food shortage can provide a pathway to proactive damage prevention, and thus to foster coexistence between wildlife and people.
Insight on the Double‐Edged Sword Role of Water Molecules in the Anode of Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yu Huaming , Chen Dongping , Zhang Tianyun , Fu Meng , Cai Jinhao , Wei Weifeng , Ji Xiaobo , Chen Yuejiao , Chen Libao
Published: September 2022

As promising candidates for aqueous metal batteries, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted more attention due to their superior safety, low cost, and environmentally benign characteristics. Solvent water plays a double‐edged sword role that cannot be ignored in the electrochemical performance and long cycling stability of the batteries. The hydrated zinc ions of the solvated structure can boost the diffusion kinetics of zinc ions, whereas the released active water molecules during desolvation can lead to notorious hydrogen evolution reactions, dendrites growth, and surface passivation at the unstable interface between the electrolyte and the anode. Unlike previous reports that summarize recent research progress, this review focuses on the double‐edged sword role of water molecules in the anode during electrochemical processes in ZIBs. The influencing mechanism of water molecules on the stability of zinc anode during the energy storage process is systematically discussed, including the basic theory, water regulation strategies, and recent reports. The two‐faced identity of the water molecules in aqueous electrolyte is profoundly revealed herein, and some revelatory insights and possible strategies are provided for the future design on stable and durable zinc anodes of high‐performance ZIBs.
Electromagnetic‐Thermal Analysis of High‐Temperature Direct Drive Electric‐Actuated Valve Canned Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Wu Qingsong , Li Wei , Li Jia , Feng Guihong , Zhang Bingyi
Published: September 2022

The high‐temperature electric‐actuated valve widely adopts the split structure, and the valve stem drives the opening and closing of the valve after passing through the high‐temperature packing and sealing structure. However, the transmission chain is too long, which cannot meet the pursuit of small volume and lightweight in the nuclear industry. In this paper, a novel integrated structure of high‐temperature direct drive electric‐actuated valve canned permanent magnet synchronous motor (DDEAV‐CPMSM) is proposed. The structure omits the dynamic sealing structure composed of stuffing box, pressure plate and pressure sleeve, as well as the transmission structure of gears and couplings, and the reliability is significantly improved. This paper focuses on the calculation of the dimension parameters, thermal load design, and electromagnetic vibration of DDEAV‐CPMSM, and compares it with the integrated structure of the induction motor to explore the optimal topology of the high‐temperature electric‐actuated valve. Aiming at the problem of serious heat generation in limited space, it is difficult to simulate the running time of high‐temperature valve. Based on the magneto‐thermal coupling method, a 3D temperature field model considering high‐temperature heat source, canned sleeve eddy current loss, and hydraulic friction loss is established. The steady‐state temperature distribution of the system at high temperature and the transient temperature change law of valve opening and closing are analyzed, and the minimum time of secondary start‐up and the maximum running time under fault conditions are further studied, to provide a theoretical basis for the application of DDEAV‐CPMSM. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
An Unusual Tri‐coordinate Co(II) Silylamide with Potential for Chemical Vapor Deposition Processes
Authors: Zanders David , Masuda Jason D. , Lowe Bethany , Curtis Sharon , Devi Anjana , Barry Seán T.
Published: September 2022

A transamination reaction of bis(bis(trimethylsilylamido)) cobalt(II) with rac‐N2,N3‐di‐tert‐butylbutane‐2,3‐diamine yielded the tri‐coordinate, mononuclear complex rac‐N2,N3‐di‐tert‐butylbutane‐2‐amino‐3‐amido‐(bistrimethylsilylamido) cobalt(II), that was thoroughly characterized in terms of structure and bonding. A strongly distorted trigonal‐planar coordination was established around the central Co(II) ion and significant torsion induced in the aminoamido ligand. Despite its fragile‐appearing nature, the title compound demonstrated unexpectedly high thermal stability, volatility and overall favorable evaporation behavior illustrating its potential as precursor for chemical vapor deposition related processes.
EVExchange: A Relay Attack on Electric Vehicle Charging System
Authors: Conti Mauro , Donadel Denis , Poovendran Radha , Turrin Federico
Published: September 2022

To support the increasing spread of Electric Vehicles (EVs), Charging Stations (CSs) are being installed worldwide. The new generation of CSs employs the Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) paradigm by implementing novel standards such as the ISO 15118. This standard enables high-level communication between the vehicle and the charging column, helps manage the charge smartly, and simplifies the payment phase. This novel charging paradigm, which connects the Smart Grid to external networks (e.g., EVs and CSs), has not been thoroughly examined yet. Therefore, it may lead to dangerous vulnerability surfaces and new research challenges.

In this paper, we presentEVExchange, the first attack to steal energy during a charging session in a V2G communication: i.e., charging the attacker’s car while letting the victim pay for it. Furthermore, if reverse charging flow is enabled, the attacker can even sell the energy available on the victim’s car! Thus, getting the economic profit of this selling, and leaving the victim with a completely discharged battery. We developed a virtual and a physical testbed in which we validate the attack and prove its effectiveness in stealing the energy. To prevent the attack, we propose a lightweight modification of the ISO 15118 protocol to include a distance bounding algorithm. Finally, we validated the countermeasure on our testbeds. Our results show that the proposed countermeasure can identify all the relay attack attempts while being transparent to the user.
Einleitung
Authors: Oehmer-Pedrazzi Franziska , Kessler Sabrina Heike , Humprecht Edda , Sommer Katharina , Castro Laia
Published: September 2022

Die Erkenntnis, wissenschaftliches Wissen und Methoden für Forschende, Studierende und Interessierte weltweit frei zugänglich zu machen, rückt zunehmend in den Fokus sozial- und kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Debatten in Fachzeitschriften und auf Tagungen. Mit dem vorliegenden Handbuch soll dem Gedanken der Open Science-Bewegung Rechnung getragen werden: Unser Ziel ist es, Wissen über die Anwendungsfelder und die Erhebungsinstrumente der standardisierten Inhaltsanalyse und damit über eine der zentralsten Methoden kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Forschung für WissenschaftlerInnen und Studierende zu sammeln, zu systematisieren, zu reflektieren und im Sinne von open method und open access frei zugänglich zu machen. Denn ganz egal, ob Fragen nach gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen, journalistischen Entscheidungen oder funktionalen und dysfunktionalen Wirkungen von Medien im Fokus der Forschung stehen, die Inhaltsanalyse hilft dabei, Antworten zu finden.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Election (Campaign) Coverage
Authors: Leidecker-Sandmann Melanie
Published: September 2022

Media are by far the voters’ most important source of information about elections and election campaigns. Therefore, it does not come as a surprise that the analysis of election (campaign) coverage is a long-standing tradition in communication science. Central questions in the analysis of media reporting on elections and campaigns address, for example, the amount and structure of coverage relating to topics, key actors and their evaluations.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of War Coverage
Authors: Jungblut Marc
Published: September 2022

We live in an age of conflicts: Following data by the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, the number of violent conflicts reached a peak after the year 2014 that was only matched by the early 1990s and resulted in a total number of 160 different conflicts in 2018. The analysis of how these conflicts are covered draws its relevance from the fact that conflict is often mediated since most wars take place outside of people’s direct sphere of experience. Consequentially, war coverage can influence the perceived relevance of a conflict, the predominant interpretation of conflict events, the public’s attribution of conflict roles (e.g. victim, perpetrator or hero) and the public support for conflict interventions. Content analytical research on war coverage mostly focuses on two main research interests. They either analyze (1) how independent the media is from political influences or they examine (2) how (different types of) media cover conflicts.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Terrorism Coverage
Authors: Rothenberger Liane , Hase Valerie
Published: September 2022

The relationship between terrorism and journalism has been described as symbiotic or parasitic, meaning that especially terrorists gain from news media publicity. This chapter describes how journalists cover terrorist attacks and terrorist groups. It focuses on common research designs (e.g., quantitative, qualitative, and computational approaches). Moreover, it explains how variables such as sourcing, labeling of acts and actors of political violence, radicalization narratives, or emotionalization are often studied in terrorism research and journalism studies.
Die Inhaltsanalyse im Forschungsfeld der Justiz- und Kriminalitätsberichterstattung
Authors: Oehmer-Pedrazzi Franziska
Published: September 2022

Die allgemeine journalistische Beobachtung juristischer Akteure, Funktionen und Entscheide erfolgt im Rahmen der Justizberichterstattung. Dazu zählen bspw. Berichte über die Gesetzgebung, Grundrechte oder auch Datenschutz oder zur Legitimität der Rettungsfolter (Strippel 2016). Stehen ein spezifischer Gerichtsprozess und dessen beteiligte Akteure im Fokus der Berichterstattung, wird von Gerichtsberichterstattung gesprochen. Inhaltsanalytische Studien zur Justiz- und Gerichtsberichterstattung fokussieren auf das a) vermittelte juristische Wissen in Nachrichtenmedien, b) die Repräsentativität und Merkmale der berichteten Gerichtsprozesse und c) die Darstellung der involvierten Akteure. Das vorliegende Kapitel stellt zentrale theoretische Ansätze, methodische Vorgehensweisen und Konstrukte inhaltsanalytischer Studien zur Justizberichterstattung vor.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Economic News Coverage
Authors: Greyer-Stock Janine
Published: September 2022

Economics have become an integral part of the private and public sphere and are also gaining political importance. Whether financial and economic crises, corporate insolvencies, or the general job market—economic issues are not only highly relevant on a societal level, but also matter to individuals on a personal level, as for example seen with employees or consumers. Furthermore, events that are not primarily economic in nature can have a strong impact on the economy, the Covid-19 pandemic being a prime example. Journalism can be considered the most important actor within public economic communications. Considering the diversity of the field and thus the heterogeneity of existing research, a selection of the most recent literature using standardized content analyses will be reviewed and discussed in this article.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Health Coverage
Authors: Reifegerste Doreen , Wiedicke Annemarie
Published: September 2022

This chapter provides an overview about common methodological designs and constructs employed to examine the contents of health coverage and points out current research desiderata.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Environmental & Climate Change Coverage
Authors: Mahl Daniela , Guenther Lars
Published: September 2022

In the study of climate and environmental communication, content analysis—in all its many facets—has been used numerous times and in various ways. This chapter provides an overview of common research designs and (combinations of) methods, showing that a variety of approaches have been applied, ranging from qualitative, to quantitative, to automated content analyses. In addition, we identify the main constructs employed in media content analyses—with issue attention, actors and sources, framing, uncertainty, or visual representations being of primary concern. Finally, we outline research desiderata that should be considered in future studies.
Manuelle standardisierte Inhaltsanalyse
Authors: Kessler Sabrina Heike , Sommer Katharina , Humprecht Edda , Oehmer-Pedrazzi Franziska
Published: September 2022

Die manuelle Inhaltsanalyse gilt nach wie vor als zentrale Methode kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Forschung. Die nachfolgenden Ausführungen sollen ein Grundverständnis über Merkmale, Schritte, Qualitätskriterien und Schwerpunkte der manuellen Inhaltsanalyse vermitteln, die für die Nachvollziehbarkeit von Konzept und Idee des Handbuchs behilflich sein können. So wird in diesem Kapitel deutlich, was unter standardisierter Inhaltsanalyse – auch in Abgrenzung zur qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse – verstanden wird. Zudem werden auch Qualitätskriterien der manuellen Inhaltsanalyse skizziert, die bei der Auswahl der berichteten Studien in diesem Handbuch und auch der Operationalisierungen für die dazugehörige Datenbank zentral waren.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Cultural Coverage
Authors: Jaakkola Maarit
Published: September 2022

The study of culture in media or mediated culture—referred to here as the study of cultural coverage—often makes use of content analysis to build up a more systematized knowledge of possibly evolving patterns that can only be observed by gathering certain amounts of data over a certain period of time. Typically, content analysis is employed to trace the anatomy of the mediated culture, either as hierarchies of artistic forms or of as a representation of a specific cultural phenomenon. Content analysis is also applied to identify the mechanisms of mediation and follow their evolution over time, i.e., cultural change.
Die Inhaltsanalyse im Forschungsfeld der medialen Selbstthematisierung
Authors: Pedrazzi Stefano
Published: September 2022

Die BegriffeMedienjournalismusundMetaberichterstattungbezeichnen im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs die beiden Hauptformen und -konzepte der medialen Selbstthematisierung. Aufgrund einer Reihe potenzieller Rollen-, Interessens-, und Zielkonflikte stellt sich die Frage, ob Medienschaffende und -organisationen im Rahmen der medialen Selbstthematisierung die journalistischen Normen der Nachrichtenselektion und -vermittlung einhalten und die gleichen Maßstäbe anlegen wie bei der Beobachtung und Kritik anderer gesellschaftlicher Teilbereiche oder Systeme. Inhaltsanalytische Studien zur medialen Selbstthematisierung legen einerseits den Fokus darauf, ob JournalistInnen, Medienunternehmen und Verlage neutrale Vermittler oder strategisch handelnde Akteure sind, die ihren privilegierten Zugang zur Öffentlichkeit dazu nutzen, um Eigeninteressen zu verfolgen oder Imagepflege zu betreiben. Zum anderen gehen sie den Fragen nach, ob, in welchem Umfang und in welcher Weise Medien die eigene Rolle, Funktion und Leistungen in der eigenen Berichterstattung reflektieren. Das vorliegende Kapitel stellt zentrale theoretische Ansätze, methodische Vorgehensweisen und Konstrukte inhaltsanalytischer Studien zum Medienjournalismus und zur Metaberichterstattung vor.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Fictional Entertainment
Authors: Nitsch Cordula
Published: September 2022

Fictional entertainment accounts for a large share of the overall media content and is very popular with the audience. It is highly diverse in form and content, and differs, for example, regarding media type, genre, and target group. Fictional entertainment comprises novels (e.g., thriller, romance), comic books, TV series (e.g., crime series, daily soaps, medical shows, political drama), children’s programs, feature films, cartoons, box office hits, audio plays, etc. Research on fictional entertainment typically concentrates on audiovisual productions, i.e. TV series and movies.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Satire
Authors: Lichtenstein Dennis , Nitsch Cordula
Published: September 2022

Satire is a communication style that is typically associated with aggression, judgement, mockery, play, laughter, and references to societal norms. It provides social commentary and criticism, attacks power structures, and can add to controversial societal debates. Satirists are often perceived as credible sources and can serve as opinion leaders for the audience.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Political Communication: The Self-Presentation of Political Actors
Authors: Blassnig Sina
Published: September 2022

Political communication is a very wide-ranging, complex, and fluid subfield. Within this field, this chapter focuses on the self-presentational side of politics, more specifically the self-presentation of political actors. The chapter discusses the use of content analysis in research on how political actors communicate on various channels and platforms, and elaborates a selection of analytical constructs that are commonly analyzed with regard to the content, style, and the rhetoric of political actors’ self-presentation.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Public Diplomacy
Authors: Marschlich Sarah
Published: September 2022

Public diplomacy research in the realm of communication science has increased significantly since 2009, particularly in public relations and strategic organizational communication studies. Public diplomacy is generally conceived as a strategic communication instrument comprising different communication methods to inform and engage with foreign publics in order to advance the interests of nation-states. In this chapter, I focus on research on public diplomacy as the communication efforts of a nation (including those of the government itself and institutions that speak on behalf of the government) in advancing national interests and, ultimately, affecting the perception of a nation. In this regard, previous research has examined either subjects (communicators of public diplomacy messages) or objectives of public diplomacy communication.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Disinformation
Authors: Staender Anna , Humprecht Edda
Published: September 2022

Various recent events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic or the European elections in 2019, were marked by the discussion about potential consequences of the massive spread of misinformation, disinformation, and so-called “fake news.” Scholars and experts argue that fears of manipulated elections can undermine trust in democracy, increase polarization, and influence citizens’ attitudes and behaviors (Benkler et al. 2018; Tucker et al. 2018). This has led to an increase in scholarly work on disinformation, from less than 400 scientific articles per year before 2016 to about 1’500 articles in 2019. Within social sciences, surveys and experiments dominated in the last few years. Content analysis is used less frequently and studies conducting content analyses mostly use automated approaches or mixed methods designs.
Automated Content Analysis
Authors: Hase Valerie
Published: September 2022

Due to the rise in processing power, advancements in machine learning, and the availability of large text corpora online, the use of computational methods including automated content analysis has rapidly increased. Automated content analysis is applied and developed across disciplines such as computer science, linguistics, political science, economics and – increasingly – communication science. This chapter offers a theoretical and applied introduction to the method, including promises and pitfalls associated with the method.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Corporate Communication
Authors: Lischka Juliane A.
Published: September 2022

Content analyses in corporate communication can reveal organizational phenomena that are otherwise hard to obtain. Research themes are manifold and range from corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate reputation to stakeholder relations and crisis responses as well as corporate culture and employee commitment. Content analyses are able to assess concepts such as the vagueness of annual reports or the courage in speeches of chief executive officers (CEOs). Research designs employing content analysis follow qualitative, standardized manual, dictionary and machine-learning approaches, partly combined with surveys of stakeholder groups or interviews with corporate actors.
Die Inhaltsanalyse im Forschungsfeld der kommerziellen Werbung
Authors: Sommer Katharina
Published: September 2022

Werbung ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil sämtlicher Medieninhalte – trägt sie doch maßgeblich zur Finanzierung der Medien bei und ist somit ein bedeutender medienökonomischer Faktor. Werbeinhalte treffen in der Regel auf RezipientInnen, die nicht bewusst nach diesen Inhalten gesucht haben und der Werbung dementsprechend geringe Aufmerksamkeit entgegenbringen. Das heißt, dass Werbung durch gestalterische Mittel möglichst viel Aufmerksam- und Einprägsamkeit zu generieren versucht, um eine Wirkung auf die Erinnerung und eine Persuasionswirkung entfalten zu können. Bewegte und statische Bilder und das Zusammenspiel von Bild- und Textbotschaften sind daher in der Werbung zentral, stellen für die standardisierte Inhaltsanalyse allerdings auch eine Herausforderung dar. Zahlreiche inhaltsanalytische Studien befassen sich mit den Inhalten von Werbung, die an Kinder oder Heranwachsende als zentrale Zielgruppe gerichtet ist, und dabei dominiert die Frage nach möglichen (negativen) Folgen.
Die Inhaltsanalyse im Forschungsfeld der Justizkommunikation & Litigation-PR
Authors: Oehmer-Pedrazzi Franziska
Published: September 2022

In modernen Gesellschaften ist auch die Justiz aufgrund des hohen Stellenwertes publizistischer und digitaler Medien als Informations- und Meinungsbildungsquelle zunehmend auf mediale, öffentliche Kommunikation angewiesen – auch wenn sie anders als PolitikerInnen und Parteien meist nicht direkt um Wählerstimmen buhlen müssen: Denn nur indem Informationen über rechtliche Prozesse und Urteile transparent gemacht und vermittelt werden, kann für die Legitimation und Anerkennung der Gerichte und ihrer Entscheide in der Bevölkerung geworben werden. Zudem sind die Justiz und Gerichtsprozesse auch ohne eigenes Zutun bereits häufig im Fokus medialen Interesses, da sie Aufmerksamkeit erregende Merkmale, wie die Nachrichtenfaktoren Schaden, Konflikt und auch Emotionalisierung auf sich vereinen können. Inhaltsanalytische Studien zu den Inhalten von Justizkommunikation interessieren sich zum einen für die vermittelten Informationen über die Justiz, Gerichte und Prozesse. Zum anderen werden der Stellenwert und die Inhalte von strategischer Justizkommunikation – Litigation-PR – untersucht. Das vorliegende Kapitel stellt zentrale theoretische Perspektiven, methodische Herangehensweisen und Variablen inhaltsanalytischer Studien zur Justizkommunikation vor.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Strategic Health Communication
Authors: von Samson-Himmelstjerna Caroline
Published: September 2022

Health Communication refers to “any type of human communication whose content is concerned with health” while strategic communication can be defined as “the purposeful, normative use of communication functions and discourse processes by organizations to accomplish their missions, visions, and core values”. The main characteristic of strategic communication is the communicator: an organization (in the broadest understanding) operating in the fields of management, marketing, public relations, technical communication, political communication, and information/social marketing campaigns. Strategic health communication can entail for example health campaigns and public service announcements (PSAs), public relations by health organizations and pharmaceutical companies, health policies and lobbying for health issues as well as advertisements of prescription and non-prescription drugs.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Science Communication
Authors: Wicke Nina
Published: September 2022

Science communication can be understood as all forms of communication focusing on scientific knowledge and scientific work, both within and outside institutionalized science, including its production, content, use and effects. It encompasses internal and external communication, science journalism and public relations and is thus directed to and by scientists as well as non-scientists, using one-way and dialogue-oriented forms to communicate between science and the public sphere. The present article provides an overview of content analysis of the main communicators of science communication: scientists, universities and scientific institutions and non-scientific, alternative science communicators.
Die Inhaltsanalyse im Forschungsfeld der Risikokommunikation
Authors: Osterheider Angela
Published: September 2022

Risikokommunikation ist – nicht nur aus strategischer Perspektive – ein aktuelles und herausforderndes Thema. Sie wird definiert als interaktiver oder iterativer Prozess, innerhalb dessen Informationen und Meinungen über Risiken und Unsicherheiten zwischen Individuen, Gruppen und Institutionen ausgetauscht werden; im Mittelpunkt dieses Austauschs steht die Bewertung, Charakterisierung und das Management der Risiken. Im Bereich der (strategischen) Risikokommunikation bzw. der Risikokommunikation von Organisationen und Kommunikator*innen gibt es Überschneidungen mit den Forschungsgebieten Gesundheits- sowie Wissenschaftskommunikation. Auch die Übergänge zur Krisenkommunikation sind fließend: So ist die Kommunikation über Risiken auch ein Teil der Krisenkommunikation. Doch welche Aspekte der (strategischen) Risikokommunikation werden im Rahmen von inhaltsanalytischen Studien untersucht? Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick zu Forschungsdesigns und Methoden sowie zu Variablen, Trends und Perspektiven auf dem Gebiet der (strategischen) Risikokommunikation.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Online User Comments
Authors: Naab Teresa K. , Küchler Constanze
Published: September 2022

The chapter gives an overview over the research on user comments in comments sections below online news items. It focuses on content analytic studies. It reviews the most important theoretical frameworks, research designs, and main constructs applied in investigations of user comments.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of conspiracy theories in the digital media environment
Authors: Zeng Jing
Published: September 2022

In recent years conspiracy theories have become increasingly “normalised, institutionalised and commercialized”, penetrating mainstream discourses and popular culture. This trend has fostered growing interest among scholars in examining how conspiracy theories function in legacy and new media. To this end, content analyses have become a highly relevant research method to systematically examine the communication patterns of conspiracy theories. Focusing on digital media, this chapter discusses the application of content analyses to research conspiracy theories.
Conclusion
Authors: Humprecht Edda , Castro Laia , Oehmer-Pedrazzi Franziska , Kessler Sabrina H. , Sommer Katharina
Published: September 2022

This chapter summarizes the gaps and merits of this book and identifies research gaps as well as trends and challenges in research using standardized content analysis. In addition, this chapter introduces the Database of Variables for Content Analysis (DOCA), an open-access resource that contains the analytical variables discussed in this book.
Formats and Genres: Collecting formal variables during content analysis
Authors: Schwaiger Lisa , Vogler Daniel
Published: September 2022

When researchers analyze journalistic media, they usually select and categorize a sample of different sources. Usually this process includes defining the formats as well as genres of the content that is analyzed. This is normally done before the actual coding process. Both variables refer to manifest categories, provide important information about the analyzed content and are widely used: Especially for journalistic, non-fictional content of print, broadcast or online media, on which we focus in this chapter.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of News Performance
Authors: Humprecht Edda
Published: September 2022

News performance is a key concept in communication science with a long research tradition. Research on news performance is rooted in normative ideas of the public sphere and expectations about the benefits of the news media for individuals and society. Widely studied constructs include diversity, hard and soft news, analytical depth, and deliberation.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Political Coverage
Authors: van der Velden Mariken A. C. G. , Loecherbach Felicia
Published: September 2022

Political knowledge is widely viewed as a foundation for democracy. Scholars of political communication have long argued that how citizens gain political information can only be understood by studying the media. After all, most countries have a representational form of democracy, meaning that citizens hardly interact with politics and politicians themselves, but learn about politics and its politicians through the media. The coverage of politics, and more specifically policies or political issues, in news media has been particularly and abundantly studied by scholars of agenda setting, an approach which will be the focus of this chapter.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Transnational Public Spheres
Authors: Lichtenstein Dennis
Published: September 2022

The public sphere is a communication arena where speakers discuss political and societal issues, positions, and arguments in order to arrive at solutions for common problems. Normative functions of the public sphere in democracies, such as monitoring and control of politics, deliberation, and public opinion formation, have been extensively debated in the fields of communication and political theory, most frequently against the backdrop of the nation-state. Trends of globalization and global governance, however, go along with transformations of the state, the increasing involvement of transnational institutions, and major changes in media systems.
Erratum zu: Die vielen Gestalten des Thomas Hobbes in der Deutung von Carl Schmitt und Leo Strauss
Authors: Motuzaite Ieva
Published: September 2022

Die Querverweise wurden in der Originalausgabe versäumt einzuarbeiten, dies wurde nun korrigiert.