bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ Lithiated ALD Niobium Oxide for Improved Long Term Cycling of LiCoO2 Cathodes: A Thin-Film Model Study
Authors: Aribia Abdessalem , Sastre Jordi , Chen Xubin , Gilshtein Evgeniia , Tiwari Ayodhya N. , Romanyuk Yaroslav E.
Published: January 2021

Protective coatings applied to cathodes help to overcome interface stability issues and extend the cycle life of Li-ion batteries. However, it is difficult to isolate the effect of the coating because of the additives and non-ideal interfaces within 3D cathode composites. In this study we investigate niobium oxide (NbOx) as cathode coating in a thin-film model system, which allows assessing the cathode-coating-electrolyte interfaces. The conformal NbOx coating was applied by atomic layer deposition (ALD) onto thin-film LiCoO2 cathodes. The cathode/coating stacks were annealed to lithiate and ensure sufficient ionic conductivity. A range of different coating thicknesses were investigated to improve the electrochemical cycling as compared to the uncoated cathodes. At a NbOx thickness of 30 nm, the cells retained 80% of the initial capacity after 493 cycles at 10 C, more than doubling the cycle life of the uncoated cathode. At the same thickness, a residual initial capacitance of 47% remained even at very high charge-discharge rates of 100 C. Using impedance spectroscopy measurements, we find that the enhanced performance is due to suppressed interfacial resistance growth during cycling. Elemental analysis using TOF-SIMS and XPS further revealed a bulk and surface contribution of the NbOx coating. These results show that lithiated ALD NbOx can significantly improve the performance of layered oxide cathodes by inhibiting the cathode degradation, resulting in prolonged cycle life.
Structural Evolution of Layered Manganese Oxysulfides during Reversible Electrochemical Lithium Insertion and Copper Extrusion
Authors: Dey Sunita , Zeng Dongli , Adamson Paul , Cabana Jordi , Indris Sylvio , Lu Jingyu , Clarke Simon J. , Grey Clare P.
Published: January 2021

The electrochemical lithiation and delithiation of the layered oxysulfide Sr2MnO2Cu4−δS3 has been investigated by using a combination of in situ powder X-ray diffraction and ex situ neutron powder diffraction, X ray absorption and Li NMR spectroscopy, together with a range of electrochemical experiments. Sr2MnO2Cu4−δS3 consists of [Sr2MnO2] perovskite-type cationic layers alternating with highly defective antifluorite-type [Cu4−dS3] (d ~ 0.5) anionic layers. It undergoes a combined displacement/intercalation (CDI) mechanism on reaction with Li, where the inserted Li replaces Cu, forming Li4S3 slabs and Cu+ is reduced and extruded as metallic particles. For the initial 2-3% of the 1st discharge process, the vacant sites in the sulfide layer are filled by Li; Cu extrusion then accompanies further insertion of Li. Mn2.5+ is reduced to Mn2+ during the first half of the discharge. The overall charging process involves the removal of Li and re-insertion of Cu into the sulfide layers with re-oxidation of Mn2+ to Mn2.5+. However, due to the different diffusivities of Li and Cu, the processes operating on charge are quite different from those operating during the first discharge: charging to 2.75 V results in removal of most of the Li, little reinsertion of Cu and good capacity retention. A charge to 3.75 V is required to fully reinsert Cu, which results in significant changes to the sulfide sublattice during the following discharge and poor capacity retention. This detailed structure-property investigation will promote the design of new functional electrodes with improved device performance.
Thermal and Structural Characterization of Two Commercially Available Technical Lignins for High-value Applications
Authors: Amit Tanvir , Roy Ranen , Raynie Douglas E.
Published: January 2021

Lignin is a complex polyaromatic macromolecule and a potential source of various sustainable materials and feedstock chemicals. To this end, researchers have made some considerable efforts in the high-value applications of lignin, even though there is a limited success so far. This is mainly because the exact structure of native lignin is still virtually unknown due to its highly heterogeneous nature. Besides, technical lignin undergoes unintended structural modifications during the chemical pulping and extraction processes making its final structure even more complicated. Therefore, understanding the lignin structure and its macromolecular characteristics is essential for its proper utilization. In this study, two technical lignins, such as indulin AT and alkali-treated lignin, were investigated for thermal and structural characterization. Various thermal behaviors were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Indulin AT was found to be thermally more stable compared to alkali lignin. Structural characterization was performed using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). Cupric oxide oxidation was utilized to selectively degrade the lignin into its monomers (H/G/S-moieties), which were identified with GC-MS. The results suggested that the selected lignins are mainly composed of G-type monomers. The detailed characterization studies also revealed some minor structural differences between the two lignins due to their respective delignification process. Indulin AT underwent higher structural modifications due to the harsher delignification process and hinted to show more recalcitrance toward depolymerization than alkali lignin.
Crystal Structure and Electrical/thermal Transport Properties of Li1-xSn2+xP2 and Its Performance as a Li-Ion Battery Anode Material
Authors: Goto Yosuke , Nakanishi Shota , Nakai Yusuke , Mito Takeshi , miura akira , Moriyoshi Chikako , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Usui Hidetomo , Matsuda Tatsuma D. , Aoki Yuji , Nakacho Yoshifumi , Yamada Yuto , Kanamura Kiyoshi , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu
Published: January 2021

A new ternary layered pnictide, Li1-xSn2+xP2, was synthesized by a solid-state reaction and its properties were examined to explore its potential as a multifunctional material. The compound crystallizes in a layered structure in the R-3m space group with buckled honeycomb Sn-P layers separated by mixed-occupation Li/Sn layers. Crystal structure analysis using synchrotron X-ray diffraction showed that the substitution degree of Li by Sn (x) is approximately 0.3. Local ordering of Li/Sn occupation was demonstrated using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The lattice thermal conductivity of Li1-xSn2+xP2 was found to be relatively low (1.2 Wm−1K−1 at 525 K). The room-temperature electrical resistivity of Li1-xSn2+xP2 was found to be 0.3-0.4 mohm cm and metallic conductivity was observed down to 0.5 K. First-principles calculations demonstrated that the electronic structure and Fermi energy of Li1-xSn2+xP2 are significantly dependent upon x. Electrochemical measurements using a single-particle technique demonstrated the activity of Li1-xSn2+xP2 as an anode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries.
Silica-supported PdGa Nanoparticles: Metal Synergy for Highly Active and Selective CO2-to-CH3OH Hydrogenation
Authors: Docherty Scott , Phongprueksathat Nat , Lam Erwin , Noh Gina , Safonova Olga V. , Urakawa Atsushi , Copéret Christophe
Published: January 2021

A precise synthesis of small (<2 nm) supported palladium-gallium alloyed nanoparticles on GaIII sites dispersed on silica (PdGa@SiO2) is reported. This material, prepared via a Surface Organometallic Chemistry (SOMC) approach, is highly active and selective in hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol.
Stereoselectivity Predictions for the Pd-Catalyzed 1,4-Conjugate Addition Using Q2MM
Authors: Wahlers Jessica , Maloney Michael , Salahi Farbod , Rosales Anthony , Helquist Paul , Norrby Per-Ola , Wiest Olaf
Published: January 2021

The parameterization of a transition state force field for the title reaction is described. Validation for 82 literature examples leads to a MUE of 1.8 kJ/mol and an R2 of 0.877 between computed and experimental stereoselectivities. The use if the TSFF is demonstrated for a virtual library of 27 ligands and 59 enones.
Interaction Region Indicator (IRI): A Very Simple Real Space Function Clearly Revealing Both Chemical Bonds and Weak Interactions
Authors: Lu Tian , chen qinxue
Published: January 2021

Graphically revealing interaction regions in a chemical system enables chemists to notice the areas at a glance where significant interactions have formed, it is very helpful in studying chemical bonds, intermolecular and intramolecular interactions. Reduced density gradient (RDG) has already been widely employed in literatures to visually exhibit weak interaction regions, in fact it also has the ability of revealing chemical bonding regions. Unfortunately, RDG cannot clearly show both types of the interactions at the same time. In this paper, we propose a new real space function named interaction region indicator (IRI), which is a slight modification on RDG. We found IRI can reveal chemical bonding and weak interaction regions equally well, this brings great convenience in the study of various chemical systems as well as chemical reactions. It is noteworthy that IRI has simpler definition, lower computational cost and better graphical effect than the density overlap regions indicator (DORI), which has similar purpose to IRI. In this article IRI is also compared with atom-in-molecules (AIM) topology analysis of electron density, we demonstrated that IRI has the ability to reveal additional interactions to provide chemists a more complete picture. In addition, we put forward a variant of IRI named IRI-pi, which is dedicated to reveal interactions of pi electrons. It is found that IRI-pi can not only distinguish type of pi interactions but can also exhibit pi-interaction strength. IRI and IRI-pi have been efficiently implemented in our freely available Multiwfn wavefunction analysis code, it is expected that they will become new useful members of computational chemists' toolbox in studying chemical problems.
Preference of Gingival Retraction Methods - Mechanical Over Chemico Mechanical Method in University Based Setting - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ashwin Shravan Kumar M  , Revathi Duraisamy
Published: January 2021

Tooth preparation is done in the treatment of fixed partial dentures. It is necessary to obtain a good amount of gingival retraction for accuracy in marginal positioning of prosthesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of gingival retraction by mechanical and chemico mechanical methods. A retrospective data collection was done by reviewing 86000 case sheets from Saveetha dental college. Study period was about 10 months. Inclusion criteria & exclusion criteria were available. Parameters were tabulated and analysed using SPSS software. There were 899 patients treated for fixed partial dentures in the study period. Among these, 398 were males and 501 were females. Chi square t test was performed and p value was found to be 0.02  and the results are significant as p value is <0.05. Also, 95% of both the population irrespective of age and gender underwent mechanical method of gingival retraction. This study is in consensus with existing literature that gingival retraction can be efficiently obtained through the mechanical method. Whether systemic health issues or socioeconomic reasons played a role in the acceptance of choice of treatment needs to be further evaluated with larger sample size and multicentre studies among our population.
Evaluation and authentication for metformin HCL, Glimepride, atorvastatine by using bulk HPLC pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Vennkata Ramana Pindi B  , Sravani G  , Ardhanaari M  , Karthigai Priya M
Published: January 2021

Reverse phase chromatographic techniques are used for analyzing drugs. It is advanced analytical instrumentation method used for analysis of drugs. A novel accurate, precise, simple, & selective RP- HPLC technique is established and authorized for stability representing RP – HPLC technique for simultaneous assessment of Metformin HCL, Glimepiride & Atorvastatin in bulk & pharmaceutical dosage form by RP– HPLC technique. The technique on Luna C 18, 250mm × 4.6 mm, 15 µm. Column with a mobile phase comprising of buffer and acetonitrile in ratio of (85:15 v/v) and 1.0ml/ minflow rate. The detection is 258 nm. The retention time for metformin HCL, Atorvastatin & Glimepiride are discovered to be 3.266, 5.237 and 8.457 correspondingly. The technique authorized accordingly to ICH rules for precision, specificity, LOQ, LOD, accuracy, robustness, & linearity. The technique demonstrates best recovery &reproducibility with % RSD lower than 2. The suggested technique is discovered to be precise, simple, accurate, specific, &linear. The results are within the acceptance limits of lower than 2% signified that suggested technique has best reproducibility. The toughness of developed technique is validated by altering mobile phase composition, flow rate, and changing wavelength. The % RSD was found within the limits i.e., should not be more than 2.0.
Investigation and examination of vitro anti-arthritis activity by means of Cambogia fruit denaturation albumin
Authors: Raju PSN  , Suhasini N  , Narayana Reddy  , Vignesh D
Published: January 2021

With assessing those anti-arthritis actions in-vitro in chloroform extricate about garcinia Cambogia apples and oranges against egg whites denaturation. In regulated test condition egg whites might have been incubated for with different fixation for chloroform extricate Furthermore subjected will determination from claiming absorbance will assess the rate of protein restraint to Anti-arthritis movement utilizing diclofenac sodium as those standard medications regardless. Dosage reliant expand in the rate restraint might have been found. Likewise, an after effect. Restraint for egg whites denaturation might have been watched for every last one of centralization of the chloroform extricate from claiming garcinia Cambogia tree grown foods. Starting with that current study, it could be a chance to be closed that garcinia Cambogia tree grown foods possessed checked in vitro Anti-arthritis movement impact against denaturation for egg whites. Those impact might have been because of xanthone available Similarly as a standout amongst the phyto concoction segments On from claiming garcinia Cambogia tree grown foods.
Study of Clinico-Etiological profile of seizures in Kolar District of Karnataka, India
Authors: Suvarna Rekha P  , Krishnappa J
Published: January 2021

All children between 1 month to 18 years, admitted with new on set undiagnosed febrile or a febrile convulsive seizure disorder to R.L. Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre, Kolar are included in this study. The study was conducted over a period of one year from Dec 2013 to Jan 2015 with sample size of 150.  The mean age of onset of seizure in study group was 5.19 ± 4.37 years.The age group at which maximum onset of seizures found was between 1-5 years of life. Febrile seizure (65.9%) was the most common cause of seizure below 5 years of age and Neurocysticercosis (50%) in the age group 6-18 years. Females were more susceptible to seizure disorders than males. The most common clinical presentation of seizures was generalized tonic-clonic type (56.6%). The most common etiology was infectious (66.1%), Idiopathic generalized epilepsies (45%) were most common type of epilepsy. Mean temperature on admission to hospital in febrile seizure patients was 101.430F. Mean age for febrile seizure was 24.05 months. Further, studies on large scale over longer duration should be carried out, to put forth the diagnostic guidelines and management plans based on clinical presentation and etiological causes in a specific age group.
Study on prescription writing practices in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Mysore
Authors: Harshith N  , Laksmi Nagesh  , Kanakavalli K. Kundury  , Sujay Mugaloremutt Jayadeva
Published: January 2021

Accurate Use of Prescription betters the well being of patients. It becomes very essential to study PrescriptionWriting practices. The main goal of the study was to study the Prescription writing Practices and to assess the gaps in Prescription Writing so that it would be beneficial to the Patients. The study was conducted attertiary care teaching hospital in Mysore for Period of 6 months. Data was collected by both Retrospective and Prospective ways, A total of 2825 prescriptions were randomly collected from out patients visiting the study site, and analyzed. Sixteen Criteria were analyzed pertaining to the Prescription writing Practices the most significant criteria for Clinical diagnosis, which is crucial for avoiding misdistribution of drug to patients was missing in majority of the prescriptions. Prescribers initials, Seal with MRC of the prescriber in 6 months data it was seen that most of criteria which is mandated by MCI (medical council of India) not being followed by physicians. The study recommends for Medical Practitioners to follow the MCI Protocol in order to avoid errors in Prescription.
An in-vitro study to compare and evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of mixed fruit juice nanoemulsion with acarbose
Authors: Gayathri K  , Karpagavel L  , Murugavel K  , Manikandan N
Published: January 2021

Diabetes has become a global health concern, its management lies hugely on expensive medical care and monitoring; thus the need to investigate possible alternatives to reduce treatment cost and also to reduce the side effects of commonly used anti diabetic drugs. This study aims to assess the anti-diabetic effect of mixed fruit juice nanoemulsion of  Coccinia grandis, Punica granatum and Phyllanthus emblica. Mixed fruit juice nanoemulsion were prepared in the ratio of VCO oil:water:surfactant- 32:36:32 (%w/w). characterization parameters of mixed fruit juice nanoemulsion including PH, zeta potential, size, morphology were within the standard limits and was used for the study. The anti diabetic effect of nano emulsified mixed fruit juice was compared with that of acarbose by measuring their inhibitory effect on the enzyme alpha glucosidase. Maximum Inhibitory effect of formulated Nano emulsion on enzyme alpha glucosidase was 83% at concentration 81μg/ml whereas that for the standard anti-diabetic drug Acarbose was 93% at concentration 540μg/ml. For acarbose, the maximum Inhibition was 92% at the concentration of 540μg/ml. The relative inhibition Percentage of Nano emulsion versus Control has been analyzed and the results found to be statistically significant (P<0.003).
Assessing the effect of natural sweetener on salivary pH and streptococcus mutans growth- An invivo study
Authors: Sushanthi S  , Leelavathi L  , Meignana Arumugham Indiran  , Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu  , Rajesh Kumar S
Published: January 2021

Stevia is a natural sweetener which is used as a sugar substitute. It has been suggested that Stevia may be anti-cariogenic. However, there is limited research in this regard. Currently, Stevia rebaudiana, a plant is considered to be a suitable replacement of sugar which is healthy and has much fewer side effects than other sweeteners. To assess the salivary pH and streptococcus mutans growth among the participants after mouth rinsing with water containing natural sweetener. This double-blinded parallel clinical trial was done among forty female participants aged 22-25 years. Study participants were selected and randomly allocated by lottery method as two different groups as group A, and B. Microbial growth and pH of the saliva was assessed twice, once before rising with stevia solution and at 20 minutes after rinsing with a sugar solution containing Stevia (single tablet and two tablets) mixed in distilled water. Collected data were analyzed using the paired t-test. It was found from the study that there was an increase in mean salivary pH when compared with the baseline value after rinsing with Stevia. There was an increase in the Streptococcus mutans count after rinsing with Stevia. Increase in streptococcus mutans count was found to be low in Group A than group B. pH value stays in neutral value even after rinsing with a natural sweetener. There is no much difference between Group A and B. Salivary pH after mouth rinsing with Stevia is in a neutral state. It has low Streptococcus mutans growth suggesting that Stevia can also be used as a sugar substitute replacing artificial sugar substitutes.
A Rare Medicinal Herb Remusatia Vivipara
Authors: Mayur Bhurat  , Mrinal Sharma  , Ashish Budhrani  , Sanjay Nagdev  , Rupal Bhurat  , Manish Deshmukh
Published: January 2021

In this current era, the demand for herbal medicines and products is increasing globally, and herbal medicines are being used traditionally as well as for the modern systems for treatment of various diseases and ailments. There are so many plants that are under research for their potential therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications, and Remusatia Vivipara  is one of that rare plants belonging to the family Araceae. There are 105 Genera; more than 3300 species persist locally in tropical and sub-tropical areas and world widely. Remusatia Vivipara  is commonly known as “Hitchhiker Elephant ear”. Tribal people also named it as Lalkand. The root juice of Remusatia Vivipara  used on the wound to dispel any germ and worms. Remusatia Vivipara  has many folkloric applications like for Inflammation and arthritis treatment, analgesic, for disinfecting the Genitourinary tract, and treatment of reddish boils. Upon hydrolysis arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose, and various uronic acids are the most commonly observed components. This review is an attempt to compile all the aspects and details of plant Remusatia vivipara.
Effect of bacterial serine proteinase on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers
Authors: Anastasia O Koryagina  , Natalia L Rudakova  , Sergey Yu Smolentsev  , Guzel F Khadieva  , Marat T Lutfullin  , Ayslu M Mardanova  , Margarita R Sharipova
Published: January 2021

We evaluated the effect of adding subtilisin-like Bacillus pumilus proteinase to the diet of Hubboard broiler chickens on growth, digestibility of feed nutrients, blood characteristics, meat quality and histological parameters. One hundred and eighty broiler chickens were divided into 6 groups and received 2 feed rations from 0 to 35 days. The diet was either a basic diet without additives (BD) or a basic diet supplemented with B. pumilus proteinase at a concentration of 10 units/kg feed. We found that the addition of proteinase did not adversely (P < 0.05) affect the blood counts of broilers throughout the experiment. In the balanced experiment, we showed that with the addition of the microbial enzyme, the digestibility of the organic matter of the broilers diet increases considerably (P < 0.05). Veterinary sanitary examination and histological studies led to the conclusion that the broiler meat of the experimental group complies with Russian state standards (GOST) for fresh meat of good quality. It was established that the addition of proteinase to the main diet for broilers enhances the digestibility of the organic and mineral components of the broiler feed ration and reduces the amount of feed consumed.
Anxiety, Depression and Sleep Disturbances among Renal Disorders in Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Saritha CH. V. N.  , Gowtham Reddy C.
Published: January 2021

Depression is the most general psychiatric disease in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Depression exposed to affect mortality in end-stage renal disease patient. The main focus of this study was to measure the occurrence of painful symptoms among CKD patients. Co-morbid depression influences harmfully on the excellence of life in Chronic Kidney Disease patients. This study was done to calculate predominance of depression inpatient on hemodialysis (HD) using Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 and International Classification of Disease-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. It was a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2019 till July 2020, in Nandhyala, Kurnool district region. Informed and written consent was taken. Patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Nandhyala, Kurnool district region for more than three months duration were involved in the study. Psychiatrists monitored Hamilton Rating scale for diagnosis and categorization of depression. Psychiatrists confirmed depression based on International Classification of Disease-10 scale. SPSS version.20 was used for statistical analysis. The study was done among 300 patients. Prevalence of depression was 234 using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)and 195 using Hamilton Rating scale (HAD-17)and 153 using International Classification of Disease -10 (ICD-10). Mean depression in females using PHQ-9 was 7±4.33 and in males was 11.04±5.90, and the Median age was 47.6 years. The most common symptom was fatigue among 246. There is a high occurrence of depression in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stage 5 on hemodialysis compared to the general population.
General Health and Pharmacological Benefits of Curcumin – A Natural Healing Agent
Authors: Dhanasekhar Kesavelu  , Sheela K
Published: January 2021

The use of therapeutic agents in medicine has lead to the development of resistant strains of many pathogens. As an alternative medicine, many herbal formulations were introduced. From ancient times, various medicinal plants have been used as a treatment agent for various diseases due to their alarming herbal properties. Turmeric, a rhizome of curcumin long a is one among them which has anti-infective and anti-inflammatory properties. Due to its novel properties, it is used in various treatments options for oral health and systemic health. Curcumin, due to its complex interaction between inflammation, immunity and oxidative stress, it was used in various oral and neck pathologies also apart from general health benefits. Curcumin suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines in head and neck pathologies showing various changes in salivary Ph and salivary stress biomarkers. In dentistry, curcumin has been proved to have antiplaque efficiency in various studies, but long term study is required to substantiate its properties. Recently nanostructured lipid carrier containing curcumin was used in dentistry to bring about bone regeneration. This article depicts various properties, applications of curcumin in healthcare and its pharmacological action for systemic and oral health.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Oral biofilm: Challenges and Alternatives
Authors: Satish Kumar Sharma  , Shmmon Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Bacterial biofilm has been a major contributor to severe bacterial infections in humans. Oral infections have also been associated with biofilm-forming microbes. Several antimicrobial strategies have been developed to combat bacterial biofilms. However, the complexity of the oral cavity has made it difficult to use common drug treatments. Most effective ways to control normal bacterial infections are rendered ineffective for bacterial biofilms. Due to limited drug concentration availability, drug neutralization or altered phenotype of bacterial cells, different drug have been ineffective to identify the target cells. This leads to the development of the multifaceted phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Biofilm research done so far has been focused on using antimicrobial drugs to target molecular mechanisms of cells. The severity and resistance mechanisms of extracellular matrix (ECM) have been underestimated. The present study describes different antimicrobial strategies with respect to their applications in dental or oral infections. A prospective strategy has been proposed targeting ECM which is expected to provide an insight on biofilm obstinacy and antimicrobial resistance.
Status of Estrogen Receptor Beta Gene Polymorphisms rs1256049 and rs4986938 in a cohort of South Indian women with Primary ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Chaitany Sravanthi chillara  , Aaji Pasha Shek  , Madan Mohan V  , Anuradha  , Sujatha Madireddi
Published: January 2021

The current study is aimed to investigate the role of estrogen receptor beta gene polymorphisms for causation of Primary Ovarian insufficiency (POI) in south Indian women. Primary Ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a menstrual disorder presenting with Primary and secondary amenorrhea, decreased estradiol levels and increased gonadotrophin levels. Most cases of POI remain unresolved even after exhaustive investigations and is a significant cause of infertility in women in the reproductive age. In this study a total of 276 subjects, of which 138 POI patients and 138 controls were analysed for biochemical profiles of FSH, LH and Estradiol. Genotypic frequencies were calculated for different models of the SNP rs1256049 and rs4986938 in the  Estrogen receptor Beta gene by PCR-RFLP (Restriction length polymorphism) analysis. Statistically, significant relation is found for FSH, LH and Estradiol profiles of a different group of Premature ovarian insufficiency and controls (p<0.0001). Genotypic frequencies between patients and controls were compared, and strength of the interdependence of genotypes and POI is confirmed by the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals.  Incidence of 1082 G>A (rs1256049) polymorphisms and 1730 G>A (rs4986938) were not significantly different in both patient and control group (P=0.21 and P=0.4). The presence of 1082 G>A (rs1256049) polymorphisms and 1730 G>A (rs4986938) is not associated with causation of Premature ovarian insufficiency in south Indian women.
The deleterious relationship of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Induced Membranes in infected non-union treatment
Authors: Thiyagarajan U  , Senthil Loganathan  , Raghavendar  , Pradeep P
Published: January 2021

The Masquelet technique was originally described for the treatment of an infected non-union with an extensive bone defect where a staged protocol was needed to first eliminate an infection then secondarily bone graft a defect. Though this is a versatile technique, certain limitations/ complications must be recognized. The study was done between 2012 to 2019 at SRIHER university. 19 patients in whom the Masquelet technique has failed is taken into study. 17 male and two females, with a mean age of 31 years (range of 13 yrs. – 51 yrs.) with a mean follow up of 12 months. The 19 patients who presented with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected non-union of the tibia and femur with bone defects underwent the Masquelet technique. All patients failed to form adequate induced membrane at the non-union site. Infected non-union with a bone defect is difficult to treat. Bone defects of 2cms can be treated by cancellous bone grafting. Defects more than 4-5cms will require specialized reconstructive procedures to prevent amputation. The two common techniques used are Ilizarov technique with bone transport and bone graft into an induced membrane as described by Masquelet. This study shows a high failure rate of the Masquelet technique with Pseudomonas infection. The most difficult issue faced by the surgeon in treating P. aeruginosa is its ability to develop resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics during the course of treating the patient. Masquelet technique is used extensively for the treatment of infective non-union. Pseudomonas secretes a slime layer that may lead to a weak or deficient formation of the induced membrane. And the elution of antibiotics may not be adequate for intramedullary osteomyelitis with pseudomonas growth. This limits the Masquelet technique in the management of infected non-union with pseudomonas infection.
A Case Presentation on Acute Lymphonodular Pharyngitis with a Review
Authors: Mohammed Malik Afroz  , Karthiga Kannan  , Chanchala H P  , Priyanka Talwade  , Avinash Tejasvi M L  , Anulekha Avinash  , Sajida Husna
Published: January 2021

Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis is a viral infection predominantly caused by coxsackievirus and is seen in children. The infection is characterized by typical prodromal symptoms of mild fever, sore throat, difficulty in deglutition. The characteristic clinical presentation reveals multiple raised, discrete, yellowish-white non-vesicular lesions with surrounding erythematic appearance commonly seen on the roof of the posterior aspect of the oral cavity. The lesions have been identified as early as 1962, described in detail in the literature. These lesions may be common but are often overlooked due to less knowledge among the patients or rather the patients not directly reporting to the dental office. We present with a case of a five-year-old apparently healthy child with a detailed description of symptoms, clinical features, follow up, differential diagnosis and review. This article aims to bring awareness of the disease in the present form to the readers with the purpose of early detection and identification of condition for treatment. We found very less review in the literature over past years which bring us to understand that it is overlooked though it has been identified in the early years. The disease may be reported less, but it is not obsolete to be discarded.
El Perú de Mariátegui: detenidos en el tiempo y el despertar de una era
Authors: Canaza-Choque Franklin Américo
Published: January 2021

En el intento supremo de revelar en Perú aquellos motores de impulso que permitieron a los subterráneos poner en marcha y dinámica el curso evolutivo de los primeros años de la historia republicana del siglo XX. El interés parte de argumentar, alrededor de otros, algunas aristas del impacto que significó para los lectores del dueño de los 7 ensayos el comportamiento de una etapa histórica más ajustadamente a finales del XIX e inicios del XX, como dos periodos de ruptura y síndrome de parálisis socio-emocional dejados por la Guerra del Pacífico (1879-1883); pero al mismo tiempo, de movimiento civilizatorio de impugnación, resistencia y construcción nunca antes vistos y articulados colectivamente por efectos sobrevenidos de la penetración de las primeras e incipientes energías capitalizadoras foráneas en el territorio peruano y del que fue pieza clave de ese resistir indómito, José Carlos Mariátegui (1894-1930).
El Sistema Administrativo de Gestión de Recursos Humanos y la Ley del Servicio Civil en la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú -2018-2019
Authors: Morales Carmen , Rey Walter
Published: January 2021

La ley del servicio civil, N°30057, y su reglamento, establece un régimen laboral para los trabajadores administrativos, a partir del año 2014; su finalidad es que, las entidades públicas alcancen mayores niveles de eficacia y eficiencia, y presten efectivamente servicios de calidad a través de un mejor Servicio de Civil, su finalidad es tener una mejor comprensión sobre el servicio civil. En la primera parte presentamos los antecedentes del empleo público en el Perú, hasta la Ley N°30057 Ley del Servicio Civil. Examinamos las causas por qué la Oficina de Recursos Humanos, no ha implementado este dispositivo legal, que permitirá mejorar las estrategias y políticas, de los recursos humanos en la Universidad, y brindar un servicio de calidad. Se realizó una encuesta a la muestra de 95 trabajadores entre nombrados y contratados. Al final presentamos nuestras conclusiones y recomendaciones.
Fundamentos legales y teóricos en la creación de una cooperativa de ahorro y crédito en la comunidad de Mascarillas-Carchi (Ecuador)
Authors: Lizcano Chapeta Carlos Javier , Villa Zura Marco Patricio
Published: January 2021

El propósito de la investigación consistió en analizar los aspectos legales y teóricos que permiten la creación de una cooperativa de ahorro y crédito en la comunidad de Mascarillas, provincia del Carchi en Ecuador. Se utilizó una investigación de tipo descriptiva donde se plasmaron las características más importantes de los instrumentos jurídicos nacionales, y los aspectos teóricos para la creación de la cooperativa. Igualmente se empleó un diseño de investigación documental ya que se consultaron fuentes bibliográficas y digitales de segunda mano, así como leyes, teorías e instrumentos jurídicos relacionados con el tema. Las técnicas de análisis de datos que se utilizaron fueron el análisis de contenido y la hermenéutica que permitieron interpretar las informaciones recopiladas. Los resultados evidenciaron la necesidad de una entidad social que preste los servicios financieros con oportunidades para todos los habitantes del sector. Se concluyó que una nueva cooperativa promoverá una actividad de ahorro y crédito permitiendo generar el desarrollo económico de la población de Mascarilla y sus territorios aledaños.
Aprendizaje cooperativo y la formación docente por competencias en la Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión
Authors: Valentín Melgarejo Teófilo Félix
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo, tuvo la intención de establecer la relación entre aprendizaje cooperativo y la formación docente por competencias en la Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, en la investigación se aplicó el método científico de tipo básico y nivel descriptivo, con diseño correlacional; además, se trabajó con una muestra de tipo no probabilística de 86 estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, en dicho estudio el cálculo de correlación rs = 0. 648 > 0; esto significa que, existe relación significativa entre aprendizaje cooperativo y la formación docente por competencias en la Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión.
El proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje – evaluación (PEAE) una didáctica universitaria
Authors: Gutiérrez Huamaní Oscar , Ayala Esquivel Delia
Published: January 2021

El mundo prioritariamente fue visto con el paradigma de la simplicidad que mutila y sesga al fenómeno o realidad; esto nos invita orientar nuestra visión hacia el pensamiento complejo. El proceso educativo entendido como una unidad indivisible, simultánea y permanente, reconoce a la enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación como un único proceso complejo. El PEAE como didáctica universitaria permite consolidar el desarrollo de las competencias específicas de una carrera profesional, empleando el laboratorio educativo para canalizar la consecución de desempeños, con una visión compleja y sistémica, entendiendo y asumiendo los aspectos ontoepistemológicos de la educación universitaria.
Effect of specific endurance on the physical responses of young athletes during soccer small-sided games
Authors: Lemes Júlio César , Guerreiro Renato Carvalho , Rodrigues Victor Alberice de Oliveira , Bredt Sarah da Glória Teles , Diniz Laura Beatriz Faleiro , Chagas Mauro Heleno , Praça Gibson Moreira
Published: January 2021

This
study aimed to compare the physical responses of soccer players with different
levels of specific endurance during SSG performed by teams balanced according
to athletes’ specific endurance. Eighteen U-17 athletes from a team that
participated in national competitions took part in this study. The Yo-Yo
Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 (YIRT2) was used to measure the athletes’
specific endurance. Then, athletes were allocated to two groups balanced
according to their positional status and YIRT2 scores: in Group1 players with
the highest results in the YIRT2 and in Group 2 with the lower YIRT2 scores.
Athletes played two four-minute bouts of 3vs.3
small-sided games with goalkeepers with four minutes of passive rest. Total
distance covered, average speed, and accelerations were obtained by GPS devices
carried by each player. Group 1 presented higher total distance covered (large
effect size), higher average speed (large effect size), and higher total
distance covered in accelerations above 1 m·s-2 (moderate
effect size), compared to Group 2. We concluded that specific endurance can partially
influence physical responses of young soccer athletes during small-sided games.
This information is important to appropriately prescribe small-sided games
during the training process, possibly by grouping together athletes with
similar specific endurance and, therefore, promoting an adequate stimulus to
better-conditioned athletes.
Higher variability in dyadic interaction plays a positive role in the decision making of futsal passing
Authors: Corrêa Umberto Cesar , Bastos Flávio Henrique , Silva Sílvia Letícia , Clavijo Fabian Alberto Romero , Torriani-Pasin Camila
Published: January 2021

This study
investigated the role the dyadic interaction variability plays in influencing
decision making on passing in the sport of futsal. Participants were 40 male
students (Mage = 13.6 years, SD = 0.7) from physical
education classes of a Brazilian school. They were randomly divided into eight
teams, which played four games of 24 minutes
according to the rules of the under-14 category of the
local Futsal Federation. From the games, a sample of 80 sequences of play involving passes were randomly selected, from the
moment the ball carrier got possession of the ball until the moment he passed
it. From the x and y coordinates of all outfield players’
displacement, variability of running correlation, cross-correlation, centroid , and
interpersonal distance were calculated as measures of dyadic interaction.
Results showed that the interaction of passer and
receiver dyads were more variable than the remaining dyads. Moreover, it was
verified that the passer dyad had
the highest variability. The findings enabled us to conclude that, from the attackers’ point of
view, variability played a positive role. In addition, it appeared that the
passer sought to disrupt the interaction with his defender to perform a pass
more than his teammates did to receive it. It appears that the skills of
passing and receiving in the sport of futsal imply the
ability to vary.
Early Marriage in Pakistan: So Little Done, but So Much to Do
Authors: Uzma Ashiq  , Nargis Abbas  , Amir Zada Asad
Published: January 2021

Marriage is a human social institution which lays the foundation of a family as a unit of a society. It has been happening in human societies since the dawn of the creation but with varying degree of celebrations, customs and traditions, modes and manners etc. It is regarded as a moment of celebration and joys not only for the couple who are going to lock in weddings, but in many parts of the world, it is a moment of joy and celebration for the blood relatives as well as the entire community. Unfortunately, it does not happen always especially in the case of early marriage. In such case, it does not give such a cause of celebrations to the wedding couple rather it imposes on them without their consent or informed consent. The practice of early marriages has been in vogue from time immemorial, but all its negative impacts whether social, economic, physical or psychological, are realized since the late 20th century. This literature based article highlights the concept, practice, causes and consequences of the child marriages with special reference to Pakistani society. It was concluded that by increasing literacy rate among the people and through educating them, the issue of early marriages may be minimized/dealt.
A Phenomenological Study of White Female First-, Second-, and Third-Year Teachers in Title I Schools
Authors:   , Tiedemann Ashley
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine first-year experiences by interviewing second and third-year White female teachers at the beginning of their second or third year teaching, who work in Title I, K-5 schools. The overarching goal in this study was to: (a) identify similarities and differences in first and second-year teacher experiences; and, (b) identify the struggles teachers face inside and outside of the classroom. To achieve the goal of this study, the researcher used a qualitative phenomenological method. Data from this study was viewed with critical race theory, intersectionality, and cultural capital lenses. These lenses were used to identify cultural gaps, and socioeconomic differences between White, middle-class, female teachers and their students in Title I schools. Participants were white, female teachers in their second and third year of teaching at Title I, K-5 schools. Each participant was interviewed between December and March of their second or third year of teaching; therefore, each participant had worked through their entire first year of teaching at a Title I school. Each participant shared their experiences of their first and second year. White middle-class teachers were selected due to the possible differences in cultural capital and socioeconomic level between teachers and students. Additionally, White females represent 80% of teachers in the United States (Tale & Goldring, 2017). Participants at Title I schools are in more need of supports from their peers, mentors, and administration; however, most participants did not receive these supports. Due to the elevated needs of students at low-income schools, new teachers struggled to meet their needs and understand their cultural capital along with their own White privilege.
Training of 'Body Language and Public Speaking' and Pupil’s Disruptive Behaviour
Authors: Hawani Aymen , Mrayah Maher
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze students' disruptive behaviour and teacher trainee’s responses before and after a Body Language and to Speak in Public training module for school teachers at the end of initial training physical education teachers (PET). A quasi experimental research is used to find out the effect of Language and to Speak in Public training on students’ disruptive behaviours. A sample of 389 students; 243 males and 146 females participated in this study along with 20 trainee teachers; 10 (6 males and 4females) who constitute the control group while 10 (5males and 5females) make the experimental group. The investigators have adapted Brunelle’s Disciplinary Incidents Observation System (DIOS) and used Sony model 4K Handcam cameras with builtin projector and a BoomTone DJ wireless microphone equipped with a transceiver to detect and record students’ disruptive behaviours, respectively. Findings reveal that the courses directed by trainee students during work readiness internships show a high degree of disruption, since there is a rate of 1.3 and 1.01 DB per minute. The frequency of onset of disruptive behaviours (DB1 and DB2) is slightly lower in sessions facilitated by trainees who have been trained in "Body language and public speaking". Similarly, at the level of disruptive behaviours (DB3), the trainees who underwent the training realized more significant decrease in the frequency of appearance of these behaviours. Faced with these disruptive behaviours, the trainees who attended the training were slightly more interactive in their reactions during the sessions. Findings constitute a repertory index to perceive the different disruptive behaviors of students and the reactions of trainee students to these behaviors. Therefore, the results of this study are worthy in bridging the existing potential gap and strengthening the perspective the researchers have put forward.