bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trial in Error
Authors: Shulman Terry Chester
Published: May 2020

Jack’s love affair with Dolores is starting to break under the strain of his drinking. Ongoing tensions within the Costello household erupt when Maurice demands that Dolores break it off with Jack and she refuses. Maurice moves out, then files for divorce. Papers are served as the Costello women leave for New York to attend the opening of Dolores’s new picture, Old San Francisco. Helene keeps her spur of the moment marriage to childhood friend Jack Regan secret until the sea voyage home. The pair are married a second time in Hollywood with her mother and sister’s blessing, but a disastrous wedding night leads to their separation only a short time later.
Xanadu and Vicinity
Authors: Shulman Terry Chester
Published: May 2020

Jack builds a citadel atop Beverly Crest. He divorces his second wife so he can marry Dolores before the Hollywood press finds out they’ve been seeing each other for years. Dolores’s film career reaches its zenith with Noah’s Ark, the Michael Curtiz film that mangles a host of extras and blasts her with thousands of gallons of water during the flood scenes. For once, Helene outshines her sister as the first actress to star in an all-talking picture, The Lights of New York, which, despite its novelty, fails to revive her fading career.
The Middle of the End
Authors: Shulman Terry Chester
Published: May 2020

Helene and Lowell Sherman separate. Their divorce trial becomes one of the most vicious in Hollywood history. Sherman accuses his wife of collecting pornographic books and then retracts the charge, but not before ruining any chance she might have had left of reviving her film career. Maurice walks into a drugstore and collapses with a cerebral hemorrhage, but recovers quickly. Helene weds Arturo “Mussie” Del Barrio in Cuba and settles into married life under the dictatorial gaze of Mussie’s mother, Cora. Jack promises Dolores that if she gives him a son, he’ll stop drinking. His oath doesn’t make it through the afternoon of John Jr.’s birth.
Over Her Head
Authors: Shulman Terry Chester
Published: May 2020

Dolores puts her foot down and takes control of Jack’s drinking. While shooting a retake for the film Counsellor at Law, Jack goes up in his lines fifty-four times. Dolores tricks him into going to the hospital, where she has him temporarily committed for psychiatric evaluation. Jack is fired from his next picture because he can’t memorize his lines, and Dolores again takes drastic action. Before departing on a long sea voyage, she removes the alcoholic beverages from Jack’s boat. Deprived of liquor, he goes berserk, breaking his nurse’s nose and roughing up Dolores. Convinced she’s plotting again to have him committed, he absconds to the East Coast abruptly in a panicked attempt to get as far away from his wife as possible.
Three on Their Own
Authors: Shulman Terry Chester
Published: May 2020

The studios throw Maurice work as a movie extra. Dolores is left hanging following Jack’s departure until she learns of his romantic involvement with Elaine Jacobs, a college student, and files for divorce. Dolores is already seeing her gynecologist, John Vruwink. After getting custody of her children in the divorce, she takes on a second pair of dependents, the now nearly destitute Maurice and Helene.
A Trio of Marriages
Authors: Shulman Terry Chester
Published: May 2020

Dolores keeps on working, playing a series of mother parts. She marries Vruwink when his divorce becomes final. Maurice once again is involved in scandal, marrying Ruth Reeves, a Central Casting employee less than half his age. His pathological jealousy capsizes the marriage almost immediately, and they divorce shortly thereafter. In between sanitarium visits, Helene marries Lee Le Blanc, a penniless drifter who works in his aunt’s bar. In February 1941, to her astonishment after repeatedly being told she couldn’t have children, Helene gives birth to a daughter, Deirdre.
Epilogue
Authors: Shulman Terry Chester
Published: May 2020

The family comes apart after Dolores’s death. The legal fight over her assets turns physically violent on the courthouse steps. The ordeal causes a family schism that takes fifteen years to repair. By then, Dolores’s money and most of her possessions have been scattered to the winds.
The Homeric Power of Peckinpah’s Violence
Authors: Sragow Michael
Published: May 2020

Michael Sragow’s essay outlines the conflict between Warner Bros. and the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) over the X rating that the MPAA initially gave to the proposed rerelease of The Wild Bunch in 1993. Sragow also discusses the film’s depiction of violence and how, in contrast to many other movies, the film is not self-indulgent in depicting it.
Revelation in the Desert
Authors: Jones Kathryn
Published: May 2020

Kathryn Jones’s essay deals with the region in Texas known as the Nueces Strip, whose desert landscape and topography form much of the backdrop in The Wild Bunch. By detailing fascinating historical information about the area, its people, and events that took place there, Jones provides a unique insight into the land and its people that highlights an oft-overlooked aspect of the film.
“Just Looks Like More of Texas Far as I’m Concerned”
Authors: Stratton W. K.
Published: May 2020

W. K. Stratton’s essay focuses on the dangerous milieu in South Texas during the period in which the action of The Wild Bunch takes place. The essay is filled with data about intimidating sheriffs, murderous Texas Rangers, notorious bandits, and desperados of all varieties, individuals as colorful and horrifying as the ragtag collection of misfits and killers who populate portions of Peckinpah’s film.
Justified
Authors: Bliss Michael
Published: May 2020

Michael Bliss’s essay explores the mythic and Christian aspects of The Wild Bunch, paying particular attention to what he considers its key sequences: the scenes in Angel’s village and those that follow the shootout there. Drawing on the criticism of Northrop Frye and Flannery O’Connor, Bliss argues that in light of the film’s use of violence as a metaphor as well as its radically conceived multiple endings, which result in the Bunch being first apotheosized and then absorbed into nature, The Wild Bunch qualifies as a religious work of art.
Introduction
Authors: Fischer Beth A.
Published: May 2020

Triumphalists believe that President Ronald Reagan “won” the Cold War by introducing a military buildup and threatening the Soviet Union. His hawkish policies compelled Moscow to agree to arms reductions, democratic reforms, and a withdrawal from its war in Afghanistan. Ultimately, the president forced the Soviet Union to collapse. Triumphalists assert that contemporary leaders should follow Reagan’s lead: they should seek to end conflicts by compelling adversaries into submission.
Despite its popularity, triumphalism is a series of myths about President Reagan’s intentions, his policies, and the impact his administration had on the USSR. Drawing upon sources from both the United States and the Soviet Union, each chapter of this book debunks a different falsehood. Chapters 1–3 clarify Reagan’s views and objectives, while Chapters 4 and 5 explain Soviet decision making. Chapter 6 considers larger debates about the effectiveness of compellence and diplomacy in ending the Cold War.
Reagan’s Military Buildup
Authors: Fischer Beth A.
Published: May 2020

Did President Reagan launch a military buildup so as toforce the USSR to collapse, as triumphalists claim?In this view Reagan sought to entice Moscow into an arms race that it could not afford, thus forcing it into bankruptcy.
This argument rests on two assumptions. The first is that Reagan officials believed the Soviet Union to be so fragile that it could be nudged to collapse. The second is that the administration intended to force the USSR to implode. This chapter finds both assumptions wanting.
Although the president believed the USSR was unsustainable in the long run, virtually all of his advisers disagreed. They viewed Moscow as a formidable adversary that would continue to challenge the West for the foreseeable future.
Moreover, high-ranking officials in the Reagan administration have rejected the claim that they sought to force the USSR to collapse.The objective was to pressure the Soviets to agree to arms reduction. President Reagan sought to eliminate nuclear weapons, and officials mistakenly believed that Moscow would not agree to reduce its arsenal until confronted with a strong and menacing adversary. Paradoxically, the buildup was intended to lead to arms reductions.This policy was called “peace through strength.”
The Strategic Defense Initiative
Authors: Fischer Beth A.
Published: May 2020

This chapter debunks the triumphalist claim that President Reagan launched the Strategic Defense Initiative so as to compel Moscow to surrender the arms race, if not collapse. In fact, the president hoped SDI would protect civilians from nuclear attack and considered the program a key part of his plan to eliminate nuclear weapons. Reagan repeatedly offered to share SDI with the Soviets in the belief that if both sides had defenses nuclear weapons would become obsolete. Thus, they could be eliminated.
President Reagan’s revolutionary ideas about nuclear security caused deep rifts within the administration. His advisers rejected the notion that nuclear arms should or could be eliminated, believing instead that the threat of nuclear annihilation had successfully deterred the Soviets from attacking the West. With the exception of Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger, they opposed the costly SDI. However, they grudgingly came to support it in the belief that they might be able to trade it away in exchange for a Soviet pledge to reduce its arsenals. However, Reagan’s advisers were universally against the idea of sharing SDI with Moscow.
If Reagan’s objective had been to compel Moscow to surrender the arms race, he would not have repeatedly offered to share SDI.
From Slavery to Middle-Class Respectability
Authors: Winford Brandon K.
Published: May 2020

Chapter 1 examines the Wheeler family in the decades after emancipation and highlights their educational accomplishments, which put them on a path toward middle-class respectability in the early part of the twentieth century. It underscores how their middle-class status and economic independence provided the Wheeler children with more of a level playing field when compared to the black masses, or as much as possible given the limitations of the Jim Crow South. Moreover, it argues that the ideological underpinnings of the industrial “New South” at the end of the nineteenth century offered black business leaders a similar vision of racial uplift through economic independence as a way to reclaim full citizenship. This first chapter sets the stage for understanding the close proximity Wheeler had to black business from an early age—the result of his father becoming an executive with NC Mutual—and why he chose a career in banking.
Hollywood at the Races
Authors: Shuback Alan
Published: May 2020

An examination of the symbiotic relationship that existed between the Hollywood film community and horse racing, primarily between 1930 and 1960, Hollywood at the Races explores the extraordinary participation of producers, directors, and actors in the sport of kings. All three of Southern California’s major racetracks were founded in part or in whole by Hollywood luminaries: Hal Roach was cofounder of SantaAnita; Bing Crosby founded Del Mar with help from Pat O’Brien; and the Warner brother founded Hollywood Park with assistance from dozens of people in the film community. Moreover, people like Crosby, Betty Grable, Mervyn LeRoy, and Don Ameche owned racehorses, while MGM’s chief of production, Louis B. Mayer, was one of the nation’s leading owner-breeders. Racing also had an interest in Hollywood, as evidenced by the exploits of breeder-owner Jock Whitney, who helped finance David O. Selznick’s productions of GonewiththeWind and Rebecca. A horse owned by Rita Hayworth (aka the Princess Aly Khan) nearly won Europe’smost important race, the Prix de l’Arc de Triomphe, and screenwriter- producer Gene Markey became the co-owner of Calumet Farm when he married his fourth wife.During this period, Hollywood produced at least 120 racing-themed films, among them A Day at the Races, National Velvet, and Thoroughbreds Don’t Cry. Thelast two starred Mickey Rooney, an inveterate horseplayer who, like Chico Marx and Jimmy Durante, lost a fortune at the track.The book concludes with an analysis of the twin declines of racing and cinema in America in recent decades.
Introduction
Authors: Shuback Alan
Published: May 2020

The invention of the wheel is frequently cited as a seminal turning point in the history of human development, but that grand event was surely predated by an equally important occurrence: the first time a man managed to climb onto a horse’s back and ride the animal an appreciable distance without falling off. Since that long-ago day in the misty past, horses have become an integral part of human society, providing us with recreation, sport, companionship, a means of transportation, an ally in war, and an aid to labor, as well as supplying an object lesson in the appreciation of beauty. Simply looking at horses makes a person feel better....
The Post Golden Age
Authors: Shuback Alan
Published: May 2020

The final chapter analyzes the declines of both horse racing and cinema in the United States—two industries that once had America’s undivided attention but fell on hard times almost simultaneously. The reasons for their declines were similar: Hollywood abandoned its artistic model in favor of a business model, and racing abandoned its sporting model for a business model. New technologies and changing social mores sped these declines, from which neither industry seems capable of recovering.
Introduction
Authors: Robinson Harlow
Published: May 2020

The introduction explores reasons for the relative scholarly neglect of Lewis Milestone and his films: his diverse body of work, his troubles during the Blacklist period, the serious nature of most of his films, his difficulty getting along with studio bosses, his distaste for the “star system,” changing Hollywood tastes. It provides an overview of his career, from the silent to the sound era, and his huge early success with All Quiet on the Western Front, which came to haunt him in later years. Milestone was drawn repeatedly to the theme of war, especially its impact on ordinary soldiers. Also discussed is how Milestone’s life embodies the “rag-to-riches” American dream of millions of immigrants.
“Nobody Asked You to Go to America”
Authors: Robinson Harlow
Published: May 2020

This chapter focuses on Milestone’s early life: his childhood and family life in Moldova, his identity as a Jew and early experience of anti-Semitism, his love for the theater, his decision to immigrate to America and his difficult voyage to New York. It continues with his early work as a society photographer in New York, and his enlistment in the Photographic Division of the U.S. Army Signal Corps, where he edited documentary film footage sent from the front. Known as a practical joker with a fine sense of humor, Milestone made friends and useful connections easily. When the War ended, he took the advice of some Hollywood veterans and moved to Los Angeles in 1919 to break into the film industry.
The Constructive Cutter
Authors: Robinson Harlow
Published: May 2020

Among the topics discussed in this chapter are Milestone’s early experience as a film editor in Hollywood, his friendship with other Russian emigres, his independent disposition and propensity for lawsuits, and his relationships with future mogul Darryl Zanuck and wealthy producer Howard Hughes. The first feature Milestone directed, Seven Sinners, is analyzed, as well as his subsequent silent films The Caveman, The New Klondike, The Garden of Eden, The Racket and Two Arabian Knights, starring Mary Astor and Louis Wolheim, his first collaboration with Hughes. This “buddy comedy” earned him his first Oscar in 1929 for best comedy direction, and established Milestone as one of the most promising directors in Hollywood.
“The Goose Hangs High”
Authors: Robinson Harlow
Published: May 2020

The chapter first focuses on The General Died at Dawn, a melodrama set amid the political turmoil of contemporary China, a collaboration with playwright Clifford Odets, a newcomer to Hollywood. Starring Gary Cooper, Madeleine Carroll and Akim Tamiroff, it projected a controversial image of China that offended Chinese officials. A discussion Of Mice and Men, adapted from John Steinbeck’s novel, follows. This acclaimed film starred Lon Chaney, Jr., as mentally disabled farmworker Lennie, and received four Oscar nominations, including one for Aaron Copland’s score. It began Milestone’s long collaboration with art director Nicolai Remisoff, another Russian emigre.
The Home Front
Authors: Robinson Harlow
Published: May 2020

The main theme is Milestone’s World War II film work. After a consideration of his two pre-War romantic comedies Lucky Partners and My Life with Caroline, both starring Ronald Colman, attention turns to the propagandistic documentary Milestone edited with Joris Ivens using footage from Soviet cameramen, Our Russian Front. A section on The Edge of Darkness, set in Nazi-occupied Norway and starring Errol Flynn, follows. The controversial Oscar-nominated The North Star is then extensively treated. This argumentative collaboration with screenwriter Lillian Hellman (with music by Aaron Copland), produced by Sam Goldwyn, was widely condemned for an overly sympathetic portrayal of the USSR, but earned six Oscar nominations.
Abroad
Authors: Robinson Harlow
Published: May 2020

The chapter covers the 1950s. From 1952-55, Milestone lived and worked abroad (based in Paris) to escape the hostile Blacklist atmosphere. In England he shot Melba, a feature about Australian opera singer Nellie Melba, played by American Patrice Munsel. In Cyprus he directed They Who Dare, a feature about a British raid on Nazi airfields in the Mediterranean, starring Dirk Bogarde and Akim Tamiroff. In Italy he shot La Vedova X (The Widow), a minor film about a romantic-sexual triangle. In 1958 Gregory Peck engaged Milestone to direct Pork Chop Hill, depicting a futile operation by American soldiers during the last days of the Korean War, starring Peck as a conflicted commander.
A Hollywood Life
Authors: Robinson Harlow
Published: May 2020

This chapter provides a summary and overview of Milestone’s life and career. In 1979 the Directors Guild of America honored him with a tribute, where various actors and directors praised his contribution to the Hollywood movie industry. Film historian David Parker wrote an appreciation for the printed program, noting his longevity and concern for “social candor.” Journalist Arthur Lewis wrote a profile calling Milestone “modest” and “macho.” His close friend Norman Lloyd described Milestone as “remarkable,” but observed that “personal complications” prevented his huge talent from emerging fully.
Bourbon's Backroads
Authors: Raitz Karl
Published: May 2020

Part I of this book is a geographic history of Kentucky’s distilling industry, focusing on the nineteenth century. Kentucky distillers have produced alcohol spirits, bourbon, and rye whiskeys for more than two centuries. This part examines the change from craft distilling practiced by farmers and millers to large-scale industrial distilling using mechanized processes and refined production techniques. Some distillers relocated their works away from traditional sites along creeks to rail-side sites, whether in the countryside or in towns. The changeover to commercial-scale distilling was accompanied by increasing government taxation and oversight controls. Mechanized distilleries readily expanded production and increased their demand for labor, grains, cooperage, and copper stills. Improved transportation allowed distillers to obtain grains and equipment from more distant sources, while also allowing them to distribute their products to national and international markets. A by-product of industrial production was spent grains, or slop,which was disposed of primarily by feeding it to livestock. The nineteenth-century temperance movement eventually led to national Prohibition, which was in effect from 1920 to 1933. A small number of distillers survived by making medicinal whiskey. Part II consists of three chapters that outline the concentration of industrial distilling in the Inner and Outer Bluegrass regions as well as in Ohio Valley cities.
Distilling’s Backstory
Authors: Raitz Karl
Published: May 2020

Facilitating the change from craft to industrial distilling required distillers to engage with the physical environment, agriculture, technology and innovation, transportation improvements, workforce development, federal and state laws, and social constraints. Corn became a prerequisite as a starch source. Farm livestock provided milk, meat, fiber, and motive power, but they also consumed grain and were therefore both supportive of and in competition with farming-distilling operations. Distillers disposed of their spent grains by feeding it to cattle and hogs.
Applying Technology
Authors: Raitz Karl
Published: May 2020

The evolution from farmer-miller craft distilling to large-scale industrial distilling was abetted by inventions and innovations. Some inventions were directly applicable to the distilling process; others involved cognate areas such as steam-powered railroads and boats, farm equipment, glass bottle production, and improved grain varieties. The high-capacity column still went through several iterations in the 1820s, and in 1828 European inventor Aeneas Coffey patented an improved design. It underwent further improvements by American inventors. Other inventions beneficial to industrial distilling included grain elevators, slop dryers, hoists, and the barrel storage rack developed by Frederick Stitzel. Many inventions required changes in structures or transport and thereby modified the distilling landscape. For instance, the use of brick and iron in distillery buildings decreased the fire risk and permitted greater structure size and stability.
The Outer Bluegrass Region
Authors: Raitz Karl
Published: May 2020

Nelson County, in the Outer Bluegrass, and the adjoining counties of Larue and Marion were favored locations for distillery development in the nineteenth century.The fertile limestone uplands attracted grain farmers, millers, and distillers. At Fairfield, in northern Nelson County, Irish immigrant Henry McKenna started a steam-powered milling and distilling works in the early 1850s, where he maintained credit accounts for more than 350 customers. McKenna built a new mill, distillery, cooperage, and bottling house, and by the 1890s, the distillery was mashing 100 bushels of grain per day. Railroads arrived in central and southern Nelson County in the 1860s, with extensions in the 1880s. Many established distilleries relocated from traditional water-power sites to the railroad tracks. New Hope in Nelson County and Athertonville in neighboring Larue County were “whiskey towns” that developed adjacent to distilleries to provide housing and services for laborers and managers. Several distillers erected works in Bullitt County near springs and the Louisville& Nashville Railroad tracks. Some historic distillery remnants remain in the area, and one of the nation’s largest distilleries, Jim Beam, still operates at a historic distillery site.
Coach Hall
Authors: Hall Joe B. , Walker Marianne
Published: May 2020

Joe B. Hall shares memories that stretch across his ninety years. He tells of his youth in Cynthiana, Kentucky, where his love for family, the outdoors, fishing, sports, work, and Kentucky all started. He describes what is was like to be a student at the University of Kentucky in 1947, and a member of the celebrated coach Adolph Rupp’s Wildcats during the Fabulous Five period. Those famous five players made his chances of playing for Kentucky slim, so as a sophomore, he transferred to Sewanee, where he did play basketball well and acquired a great friend in his coach Lon Varnell, who took him and other players on a summer tour to Europe to play basketball. Choosing not to return to Sewanee, Joe B. took a job as a salesman, married Katharine Dennis, and decided his goal in life was to be a college basketball coach. After he completed his bachelor’s degree, he acquired experience coaching first at a high school, then at two colleges, and earned his master’s degree. Throughout that time, Coach Rupp kept in contact with Joe B. When Coach Rupp asked him to return to UK to work as his first assistant, he happily accepted. Coach Rupp and Joe B. respected each other, and Joe understood that colorful character as well anyone could. Yet later, when Coach Rupp resisted the university’s mandatory retirement law and refused to announce his successor, the turmoil in the basketball program surprised and saddened Joe B. Joe B. accepted the challenge of becoming head coach in 1972. He frankly discusses his failures as well as his successes. Exciting are his accounts of the two games in the 1974-1975 season the Wildcats played against Bobby Knight’s Indiana and the game against John Wooden’s Bruins for the NCAA in 1975. He also discusses the mysterious manner in which the Wildcats lost to Georgetown, and the pure exhilaration he and his players felt winning the NCAA championship. The book includes a chapter on the Wildcat Lodge, and another on the humorous antics of some of his players. Serious health problems caused Joe B. to retire early, and he tells us about the other interesting work he did after coaching. His favorite retirement job was the radio talk show he shared with Coach Denny Crum for ten years.
Adjusting to Coach Rupp’s Routines
Authors: Hall Joe B. , Walker Marianne , Bozich Rick
Published: May 2020

In this chapter Joe B. explains how he had to learn to adjust to Coach Rupp’s idiosyncratic and often erratic ways. Joe B. explains his reasons for staying at UK and learning to adapt to Coach Rupp’s behavior.
More Adjusting to Coach Rupp’s Routines
Authors: Hall Joe B. , Walker Marianne , Bozich Rick
Published: May 2020

This chapter gives some examples of Coach Rupp’s eccentric behavior and superstitions.
That Georgetown Game, 1984
Authors: Hall Joe B. , Walker Marianne , Bozich Rick
Published: May 2020

Joe B. details how epic failure in the Georgetown game kept him from retiring in 1984. He stayed on another year and announced his retirement after UK’s game at Regis College, where his coaching career began.
Life After Coaching
Authors: Hall Joe B. , Walker Marianne , Bozich Rick
Published: May 2020

Joe B. describes his retirement activities, included fishing, working at a bank, broadcasting for games, and occasionally coaching. He begins coaching for Sekisui women’s basketball teams in Japan. He also discusses various medical issues, including a bout with colon cancer and heart troubles. Some years later he begins The Joe B. and Denny Show with Denny Crum. He then takes a moment to thank fans, assistants, and players for their loyalty and support.
William Croghan
Authors: Potts Gwynne Tuell
Published: May 2020

Born in Dublin,William Croghan probably arrived in North America as an adolescent British officer. He organized the Tenthcompany of the EighthVirginia Regiment in Pittsburgh in 1776, but was assigned to another regiment en route to Washington’s army.He arrived in New York just before Washington escaped to White Plains, then Newark and, finally, crossed the Delaware. Croghan was present when Washington saved the Revolution from dissolution at Trenton, and he went on to Princeton and into winter quarters with the Continental Army. Used by Washington as a spy, Croghan fought through the disastrous Brandywine and Germantown battles and saw Philadelphia captured before 1777 concluded.
Detroit
Authors: Potts Gwynne Tuell
Published: May 2020

Jefferson gave Clark orders to mount a Detroit attack on Christmas Day, 1780. The governor’s decision was the result of three years of regular British–Native attacks on Kentucky settlements emanating from the Crown’s western fort. Recruiting in the Fort Pitt area, Clark’s ability to raise an army was hampered by the region’s divide between Pennsylvania and Virginia allegiances.
With few men and supplies, Clark started down the Ohio in midsummer, warning Jefferson and Washington that his chances of success were slim. Pennsylvania militia leader, Archibald Lochry followed Clark with more men and most of the expedition’s supplies, and it was this unit that was attacked by Detroit scouts, including Mohawk chief, Joseph Brant, husband of George Croghan’s second daughter, Catherine. Lochry and thirty-six others were executed and the survivors were marched to Detroit, ending Clark’s last opportunity to take Detroit.
Wilkinson
Authors: Potts Gwynne Tuell
Published: May 2020

Casual readers of American history may assume the United States enjoyed relative peace between the end of the Revolution and the War of 1812, but in fact, the West remained in turmoil and Kentucky lay at the center of British, French, and Spanish intrigue. Kentuckians struggled with significant decisions leading to statehood: should they remain part of Virginia, join the United States, or become an independent entity aligned with another nation?
Navigation rights on the Mississippi River were at the heart of Kentuckians’ concerns, and as long as the federal government refused to negotiate the matter with Spain, most farmers initially were reluctant to commit themselves and their children to land-locked futures. George Rogers Clark, with the encouragement of his former soldiers, agreed to lead a contingent of settlers to form a colony on the Mississippi. Going so far as to ask Spain for permission to do so (as did Sevier, Steuben, and others), Clark unnerved the federal government.
French Major General
Authors: Potts Gwynne Tuell
Published: May 2020

Spain refused Clark’s offer because they already had a Kentucky liaison, and in working with General James Wilkinson, they got a spy in the bargain. Wilkinson (Agent 13 to the Spanish), rose in military ranks through the Washington, Adams, and Jefferson administrations, although each president knew of his treason. After arriving in Kentucky with gubernatorial aspirations, Wilkinson provided Spain with suggested names of prominent Kentuckians who might accept bribes in exchange for supporting a Spanish affiliation over that of the United States. Clark’s name was not among them.
With the help of his radical brother-in-law, Clark instead became a French general in command of a western army recruited to overthrow Spanish claims to Louisiana in favor of France. His French affiliation led in part to the declaration of the Neutrality Act and eventually to John Adams’s call for his arrest in Philadelphia. Clark concluded 1798 in St. Louis, estranged from the nation he helped create.
William and Lucy Clark Croghan
Authors: Potts Gwynne Tuell
Published: May 2020

William Croghan, Irish immigrant, British and Continental Army officer, surveyor, and community leader, died at his home in September 1822. He left behind a large family and distinguished farm, more than fifty thousand acres scattered across several states, and the admiration of a nation. His widow, Lucy Clark, lived another sixteen years, much of it as witness to the tragedies of her children, but she endured, as a frontier woman ought, and welcomed Andrew Jackson, James Monroe, Meriwether Lewis, and, of course, Zachary Taylor to her home.
Three children married brilliantly; son, George, a War of 1812 hero, married New York’s Serena Livingston, niece to Robert. Eldest daughter, Ann, married Thomas S. Jesup, newly appointed quartermaster general of the US Army; and son, William, married Mary O’Hara, one of the nation’s wealthiest heiresses. Lucy lived to see Locust Grove secured by eldest son, Dr. John Croghan, and died peacefully in the home she had known for more than forty years.
Epilogue
Authors: Potts Gwynne Tuell
Published: May 2020

George and Serena Croghan’s son, St. George Croghan, inherited Locust Grove and moved from New York with his young family in hopes of farming the estate. He failed, and after mortgaging the place, returned to New York to spend years litigating his wife’s inheritance. With no means of support, he joined the Confederate Army in 1861 and was killed that November. The Croghan homestead was rented, then sold, and today stands as a National Historic Landmark museum open to the public.
The enslaved Croghan workforce was freed in 1856 by the terms of Dr. Croghan’s will, and although Stephen Bishop and the slave guides eventually opened a hotel for black tourists who visited Mammoth Cave, the farm’s enslaved people moved to the city and disappeared from the history of the place where most of them had been born.
Naval Strategies in Collision
Authors: Mawdsley Evan
Published: May 2020

In the 1920s and 1930s, three important visions of future naval war in the Pacific were extant: the American ORANGE war plans, the Japanese "Attrition/Interception" concept, and the British "Singapore strategy." This chapter by Evan Mawdsleyexamines what relevance these expectations had to the situation after the outbreak of full-scale war in China (1937) and Europe (1939), and especially after the fall of France in May-June 1940. It discusses how the war planning of the USA, Japan, and Britain dovetailed, and how it developed in the light of geopolitical and technological changes in the two years preceding the attacks on Malaya and Hawaii; June-July 1941 marked a second significant turning point. Finally, the chapter considers the relationship between the two actions of the Imperial Navy planned for December 1941, the "Southern Operation" and the "Hawaiian Operation," and the connection between those two Japanese strikes and the American-British "ABC-1" strategy of March 1941.
Rethinking the Circularity between Faith and Reason
Authors: Di Ceglie Roberto ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2020

In this article, I focus on the circular relationship that, in his 1998 encyclical, Jean Paul II argued there is between faith and reason. I first note that this image of circularity needs some explaining, because it is not clear where exactly the circular process begins and ends. I then argue that an explanation can be found in Aquinas’s reflection on the gift of understanding. Aquinas referred to the virtue of faith as caused by God, which promotes human reason, and this in turn strengthens the certainty of faith.
A revision of the systematics and distribution of the damselfly genus Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae) in Vietnam with description of two new species
Authors: Phan Quoc Toan , Ngo Quoc Phu
Published: May 2020

Eight species of the genus Prodasineura Cowley, 1934 are recorded from Vietnam, including two newly described species: Prodasineura lancastrei sp. nov. and P. kong sp. nov. from north and central Vietnam. All species recorded are illustrated, including figures of morphological structures, and distribution maps and keys to the males and females are provided. We consider the record of P. laidlawi (Forster in Laidlaw, 1907) a misidentification and exclude it here.
Las caras del plagio inconsciente en la escritura académica
Authors: Boillos Pereira Mari Mar
Published: May 2020

El plagio es un fenómeno de naturaleza compleja con cada vez más presencia en el mundo universitario. Escribir un texto académico exige el uso de ideas, datos, etc. ajenos y el riesgo de que esas fuentes no estén correctamente referenciadas y de que las ideas se plasmen sin el debido reconocimiento a su autor es elevado. Sin embargo, es necesario distinguir entre el plagio deliberado, el realizado con pleno conocimiento de su gravedad, y el plagio inconsciente, aquel que se produce por falta de conocimiento de uso de las fuentes. En este estudio se analizan las producciones escritas de 100 estudiantes de primer curso universitario del grado en Educación Primaria. Se trata de unas actas de congreso fruto de un curso en el que se ha seguido la metodología basada en proyectos y cuya finalidad es el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa académica de los estudiantes. Estos han sido instruidos en el sistema de citación APA. El análisis se ha realizado a partir del estudio cualitativo de los informes de un software de detección de plagio. El fin no es otro que observar los usos de la información que podrían ser considerados plagio y que se deben, en realidad, a una falta de conocimiento de estrategias de uso de la información. Este análisis da lugar a la creación de una taxonomía de casos de plagio inconsciente. Los resultados obtenidos serán clave a la hora de diseñar propuestas para la formación del alumnado en escritura académica.
Evidencias de validez de una medida de competencias genéricas
Authors: Alvarez Benítez María Mónica , Muñoz Isabel Inmaculada Asensio
Published: May 2020

Resumen El nivel de empleabilidad que consiguen las Universidades está considerado como un indicador de calidad y se relaciona estrechamente con la formación en competencias profesionales que reciben los estudiantes. Pero el desempeño profesional de los egresados depende no solo del dominio de competencias específicas, que se trabajan de manera particular e intencional en cada carrera y asignatura, sino también del desarrollo de competencias genéricas, que no siempre se consigue con los métodos y estructuras de enseñanza-aprendizaje formales. Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de las competencias genéricas más relacionadas con la autoeficacia profesional y se ubica dentro de una investigación más amplia que relaciona su desarrollo con la práctica deportiva. El propósito particular del presente artículo es aportar evidencias de validez de una medida de competencias genéricas aplicable en la Universidad, mediante el uso de una técnica poco convencional, como es la segmentación jerárquica. La muestra utilizada está formada por 1267 alumnos universitarios, españoles y mexicanos, deportistas y no deportistas. Con el programa SPSS se obtiene el estudio de fiabilidad y los árboles CART (Classification And Regression Trees), así como la importancia normalizada de los ítems en cuanto a su relación con el criterio de validez, que es la autopercepción competencial para el trabajo que manifiestan los encuestados. Los resultados permiten identificar y jerarquizar las competencias genéricas que, atendiendo a la percepción de los encuestados, convendría trabajar en la Universidad si se pretende mejorar sus índices de empleabilidad. Se discute la aportación metodológica novedosa que supone el empleo de la segmentación empleada como técnica empírica de obtención de evidencias de validez en el avance de la investigación en este campo.
Elena Procario-Foley and Robert Cathey, Eds. Righting Relations After the Holocaust and Vatican II
Authors: Moses Jay
Published: May 2020

No abstract is available.
Ben C. Blackwell, John K. Goodrich, and Jason Maston, Eds. Reading Mark in Context: Jesus and Second Temple Judaism
Authors: Elder Nicholas A.
Published: May 2020

No abstract is available.
Adi Ophir and Ishay Rosen-Zvi. Goy: Israel’s Multiple Others and the Birth of the Gentile
Authors: Simkovich Malka Z.
Published: May 2020

No abstract is available.
Los buscadores: clave del éxito en Internet
Authors: Fernández Fran
Published: May 2020

Este artículo está centrado en el análisis de las características de los buscadores y las cualidades y perspectivas de uso que poseen respecto a otros sistemas para buscar y localizar información relevante en la red.
El uso de la música en Internet
Authors: López Vicente Albert
Published: May 2020

Este artículo explica los aspectos legales que rodean al funcionamiento de los sistemas de intercambio, descarga y escucha de ficheros musicales en Internet, presentando los problemas que plantean y cómo se están gestionando para satisfacer a proveedores y usuarios.
Privileged Caste?
Authors: McCargo Duncan
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines what it means to be a Thai judge, and why judges think and behave in the ways they do. Most Thai judges are honest, hardworking, and well intentioned, dedicated to a lifelong career in public service that provides them with financial security but offers no prospect of worldly riches or fame. Yet despite their self-image as an exceptionally talented elite, not all judges excel at the business of judging. Many court judgments are flawed: their shortcomings are ameliorated by a system of close monitoring by senior administrators. Judges tend to believe that a combination of their rigorous selection procedures and their most favored status with the palace inoculates them against temptations and human failings: in short, they become the embodiment of virtuous legalism. Especially in recent years, the discourse of judicialization has fostered unrealistic expectations of the judiciary and placed judges under impossible pressures. As such, when Thai judges preside over cases brought against critics of the state, they struggle to distinguish between their formal role as neutral arbiters, and their own intimate affiliations with the monarchy and deep attachment to the status quo. Trying political cases places Thai judges in an extremely uncomfortable position.
Computer Compassings
Authors: McCargo Duncan
Published: May 2020

This chapter explains how not everyone accused of trying to bring down the monarchy—lom jao—ended up charged with lèse-majesté. It explores another case brought under a different law that illustrates similar issues to the Somyot case. The national security provisions of the 2007 Computer Crime Act offer an alternative means of prosecuting the allegedly disloyal, another notch along the treason spectrum. An illustrative example is the case of former broker Katha Pajariyapong, who was accused of making two web-board postings critical of royalty on the web board of Fa Diao Kan, a critical journal that featured on the April 2010 antimonarchy organogram. The Katha case frequently resembled a theater of the absurd: laughable charges, inept lawyers who wanted to quit, bungling prosecution witnesses, and a presiding judge who claimed to be on the side of the defendant before sending him to jail. Yet the consequences of these farcical proceedings were very real: Katha ultimately served a couple of years behind bars for a meaningless “crime” that brought the law into disrepute. The chapter then argues that judges again allowed their misguided understandings concerning how to show loyalty to the monarchy to take precedence over common sense. Katha's alleged actions had no effect on the country's national security, and no criminal intent was demonstrated during the trial.
Crimes of Thaksin
Authors: McCargo Duncan
Published: May 2020

This chapter addresses some of the legal cases brought against Thaksin Shinawatra, his political parties, and his sister Yingluck. A series of important legal decisions from November of 2013 onwards went against the pro-Thaksin side, so lending credence to the idea that the courts in general—and the Constitutional Court in particular—favored the conservative establishment. Yet these anti-Thaksin judgments need to be seen in the context of a series of pro-Thaksin (or at least pro-Yingluck) judgments issued during the period from mid-2011 to late 2013, when an elite pact was in operation to allow Yingluck Shinawatra to serve as prime minister. A series of Thaksin-related cases illustrated the profound ambiguity of legal responses to Thailand's most troublesome ex-premier. Thaksin's parties were shut down by the courts twice, but were allowed to reconstitute themselves under new names and near-identical logos. Similarly, the Constitutional Court's removal of Samak Sundaravej from the premiership in 2008 was a piece of sound and fury that signified nothing: Thaksin, not the courts, prevented Samak's immediate reinstatement as prime minister. The legal cases that led to the departures of Thaksin and later Yingluck Shinawatra from Thailand were also fraught with ambiguity. The outcomes of all these cases reflected hesitancy and confusion on the part of the judiciary, rather than the actions of a coherent and unified deep state. Such judicial dilemmas arose partly because the monarchical network had a deeply conflicted relationship with the Shinawatras, one that was alternately antagonistic and collaborative.
Challenges in Strategy-Making
Authors: Roberts Alasdair
Published: May 2020

This chapter describes how state leaders encounter five difficulties while crafting strategies for governing. The first is conflict between the goals identified in Chapter 5. A familiar conflict of goals is that between internal order and human rights. Another conflict among goals arises between external security and internal order. Moreover, the desire to promote economic growth may collide with several other goals, such as national security, internal order, and human rights. A second challenge in crafting governance strategies is uncertainty about the techniques to use to achieve goals. Even when leaders are clear about their priorities, they may be unsure about the most effective ways to pursue them. A third challenge in crafting governance strategies is managing cultural and institutional inheritances, while the fourth challenge derives from turbulence in the governing environment. Some aspects of the environment may remain relatively constant, but other aspects change quickly. This can throw a leader's calculations into disarray. The final challenge is analytic complexity—that is, the difficulty of absorbing knowledge and making judgments about large and complicated questions.
Evolution of the Accessibility Concept
Authors: Levine Jonathan , Grengs Joe , Merlin Louis A.
Published: May 2020

This chapter discusses the major themes in the evolution of accessibility over the twentieth century. The idea of accessibility is not new, either to urban and regional planning or to the social sciences in general. The concept dates back at least to Richard Hurd's 1903 analysis of urban growth, Robert Haig's 1926 “ease of contact,” and John Stewart's 1948 “demographic energy.” In Stewart's analysis, the first of the three to quantify the accessibility concept, it was a good predictor of outcomes, including observed income at the state level. Stewart also recognized the potential of accessibility as a normative goal early on: if energy or accessibility can predict important outcomes such as income, then surely it could also be seen as a policy variable to be directly manipulated by central planners. Echoing earlier authors, Walter Hansen applied the term “accessibility” to Stewart's “demographic energy” and broadly introduced the concept into the urban and regional realm with three ideas central to the planning use of the tool. First, like Hurd's and Haig's analyses early in the century—and unlike Stewart's nationally scaled research—Hansen's analysis was metropolitan, not the continental. Second, the outcome variable for Hansen was residential development, a central concern of the urban-planning profession. And finally, where Stewart had implicitly treated peoples' inclination to travel as a constant value, Hansen showed that it was a variable subject to empirical investigation.