bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between red blood cell distribution width and mortality in COVID-19
Authors: Torabi Mehdi , Akbari Amirhossein , Mirzaee Moghaddameh
Published: July 2023

Objective: In this study, we consider the heterogeneity of the results on the prognostic role of red cell distribution width (RDW) in COVID-19, and this study aimed to determine the relationship between RDW and mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on hospitalized COVID-19 patients whose disease was confirmed by PCR test positivity. Demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, and laboratory tests were the study variables. Patient outcomes were defined as in-hospital mortalities. The level of the Red Blood Cell Distribution Width-corpuscular volume (RDW-CV) in complete blood count (CBC) on arrival and the second day of hospitalization of patients and other variables were recorded in the checklist. The in-hospital mortalities were designated as the outcomes of the study.

Results: In this study, 201 patients were included, and the in-hospital mortality was 28 (13.9%). The correlation between variables in predicting in-hospital mortality using univariate regression analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between triage level, chronic lung disease and age, oxygen saturation, lymphocytes, BUN, and Cr CRP with in-hospital mortality; however, this significant relationship with RDW values of the patients on arrival and the first day of the hospitalization as well as △RDW (RDW on arrival – the first-day RDW) was not observed. Finally, based on the multivariate logistic regression model, there was a significant relationship between the triage level, age, and oxygen saturation with in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion: In COVID-19 patients, factors such as triage level, age, and oxygen saturation can play a significant role in predicting in-hospital mortality. The role of RDW in determining the outcome of the disease is still unclear.
Case report of empagliflozin-induced euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Alsaleh Hamzeh , Faleh Mohamed Fahed , Salameh Rawan , Elmalik Ashraf , Afzal Muhammad Shuaib , Chabalout Mohammad Nour , Alfawares Reem , Alsaleh Mohammed Yahya
Published: July 2023

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common metabolic emergency in diabetic patients encountered by emergency departments (EDs). Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA) is a rare type of DKA characterized by normal to slightly elevated blood glucose levels. Possible causes of EDKA include fasting, pregnancy, and alcohol consumption.

In this report, we are presenting a case of EDKA associated with the use of empagliflozin, an oral antihyperglycemic medication belonging to the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2). The case is a 43-year-old diabetic male patient, who presented to the ED complaining of nausea, vomiting, and generalized weakness. Upon history taking, it was found that the patient started taking empagliflozin 10 days ago. Accordingly, appropriate diagnostic tests were requested, and the patient was found to have severe DKA despite normal to slightly elevated blood glucose results. A diagnosis of EDKA was confirmed, and the patient was successfully treated and discharged few days later.

Many reports have linked the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors with an increased risk of developing DKA, especially EDKA. Although the management of DKA and EDKA is similar, it is more challenging to diagnose the latter. We have highlighted these challenges and the most common precipitating factors. Additionally, we highlighted the mechanism for developing EDKA and the appropriate diagnostic approach to follow with diabetic patients using SGLT-2 inhibitors.
Revolutionizing space security: The Laser Patroller Satellite – A technological marvel of modern warfare
Authors: VEVERA Victor Adrian , BOTEZATU Ulpia Elena
Published: July 2023

This comprehensive article analyses the Laser Patroller Satellite (LPS) and its capabilities for enhancing security and safety in space exploration. The article is organized into five sections. Section 1 presents the context of the growing problem of space debris and the need for effective solutions. In Section 2, the features of the LPS, including its advanced sensors and tracking capabilities, are discussed. Section 3 elaborates on the capabilities of the satellite, such as space debris monitoring and tracking, space traffic management, debris removal, space situational awareness, and space exploration. Section 4 discusses the potential applications of the LPS in various areas, such as space debris mitigation, space security, and governance of space. Section 5 examines the implications of the LPS for international relations, including space policy, diplomacy, and governance. The article highlights the need for effective space governance frameworks to ensure the responsible and sustainable use of emerging technologies like the LPS, which raises concerns about privacy and the use of surveillance technology. In conclusion, the LPS is a powerful technology that has significant implications for space security, diplomacy, and governance, and it is crucial for nations to work together to develop policies that promote the responsible and sustainable use of space for the benefit of all
Hybrid – defining the concept of the 21st century warfare, operations and threats
Authors: Georgiana-Daniela LUPULESCU
Published: July 2023

Hybrid threats, as well as hybrid war, have become our century’s constant, receiving numerous definitions over time, which clarify to a greater or lesser extent these concepts characterized mainly by ambiguity both in terms of means, as well as the forces involved or the geographical area of combat. It can be deemed at least as derisive to try to define a concept that arose from the need to include everything that is known in terms of techniques, means, methods and tools, but also what will appear in the not-too-distant future, thanks to the rapid technological evolution, used by state actors and non-states in an attempt to achieve their most diverse goals, be they military, political, social or even economic. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of the relevant literature on hybrid threats, operations and warfare, starting from the first attempt to define them and up to new attributes added in the meantime. We will analyze the characteristics, types, actors involved, and objectives pursued by them, resulting from the combination of several techniques, methods or tools.
New technologies and their impact in the military field
Authors: Stanciu Cristian-Octavian , GIMIGA Silviu-Iulian
Published: July 2023

Military geniuses like Hannibal, Caesar, Suvorov or Napoleon proved to the whole world how relatively small armies prevailed through complex battle strategies, ingenuity and courage, through scientific and military knowledge that can make a difference. The technological progress made in the last hundreds of years, based on technical-scientific discoveries, has led the armed struggle to such a high level that technological supremacy, the ratio of forces and military technique are extremely important in the assumption of a military conflict. However, combining conventional resources of combat with modern ones, the use of combined forms and methods of combat, are still issues of general interest, which require adaptable strategies and not least the ingenuity, flair and exuberance of leaders. The impact of new technologies on the military field still remains a dilemma that will probably never be clarified, precisely because of the constant challenges, which are increasingly complex and different.
From mushrooms to artificial intelligence: technology’s double-edges sword in enhancing soldiers
Authors: NICOARĂ Gabriela-Florina , COROI Alex-Giulian
Published: July 2023

This article entails a study of the methods for developing humans’ capabilities to increase success rates during military conflicts. Hence, this scientific work encompasses a retrospective of the methods from antiquity by Sumerian, Viking, Greek, and Roman fighters, as well as a contemporary and prospective view of the methods of augmenting soldiers into “supersoldiers”. Whether we refer to the first stage and initial attempts at developing soldier capabilities through mushrooms, alcohol, amphetamines, or to the revolutionary phase of this field through the involvement of technology, all these methods represent a „double-edged sword”. This is because it involves, besides benefits, a series of ethical and legal concerns. Nevertheless, the article pledges the solution of augmenting soldiers and reinforcing troops, while simultaneously upholding ethical and legal norms.
A STUDY ON ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND ITS SUITABILITY FOR DRINKING IN DUNGARPUR DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN, USING STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
Authors: Jayana Upadhyay
Published: July 2023

Water supplies must be unusually pure, free of microbes and chemical pollutants, in order to be used for drinking and other domestic purposes. But because of rapid urbanisation and population increase, as well as ignorance of how to coexist peacefully with nature, water quality has declined, leading to water contamination. Because of this, pollution of water resources needs quick and significant intervention, as shown by routine water quality testing. In the Aspur and Sagwara blocks of the Dungarpur district, the current investigation was carried out to evaluate the quality of the ground water. In the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of the year 2020 and 2021, the randomly selected samples were gathered from several communities within the block.  A variety of physico-chemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F-), and nitrate (NO3-), were used to analyse the samples that were collected. Additionally, the one-way ANOVA test was used to determine the significance of the results. As a result, it was observed that almost parameters were obtained comparatively high in the pre-monsoon seasons, with the exception of pH and Total alkalinity. According to the one-way ANOVA test it was concluded that the research area's ground water is slightly polluted and unfit for drinking. The graphical display illustrates how the concentration of main ions varies over time between the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons
HATE CRIMES IN SOCIAL MEDIA: A CRIMINOLOGICAL REVIEW
Authors: Yesmen Nelufer , Arnab Naha  , Sumona Sharmin
Published: July 2023

Hate crime in social media is a common phenomenon around the world. Hate crime against different races, minorities, and ethnic people or groups is now spreading via social media platforms in form of hate speech. The anonymity of the internet user and the availability of the internet make this crime very easy to commit by the offender. This paper aims to find out the targets of hate crime in social media and its effect on the victims. The people who are victimized by hate crime in social media because of their race, gender especially female and religious minority. The study has done by secondary data analysis. Hate crime in social media has a devastating effect on the victim both physically and mainly psychologically which makes them mentally inferior, degradation of self-esteem, and also create a fear of violence in their mind. The existing laws against hate crime in social media should be implemented more precise way and different types of detection methods should be applied to detect the offenders. This paper can be helpful to increase awareness about hate crime in social media which is unnoticed by many researchers in our country and can lead a way to stop victimization in social media platforms.
THE EFFECT OF COMPETENCE AND CONFIDENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ACTIVITIES TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTING OFFICERS (PPTK) WITH MOTIVATION AS INTERVENING VARIABLES IN GOVERNMENT BINTAN REGENCY
Authors: Rachmad  Chartady  , Sri Kurnia  , Charly Marlinda  , Salihi Salihi , Andres Putranta Sitepu
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the Influence of Employee Competence and Confidence Against the Performance of Officials of Technical Activities (PPTK) With Motivation Employees as Intervening Variables partially or simultaneously in the Government of Bintan Regency. Population in this research is All ASN which become PPTK amounted to 329 employees. In this study the authors narrowed the population of the total number of PPTK to 181 ASN.The results of this study can be concluded Competence directly affects positively and significantly to Performance of PPTK. Self Confidence and Motivation have a direct and positive direct effect on PPTK Performance. Competence and Self Confidence have a direct and positive direct effect on Motivation. Competence has a significant effect on PPTK Performance not through Motivation. Or in other words Motivation is not an intervening variable between Competence with PPTK Performance. This shows that the actual influence between Competence on PPTK Performance is direct influence. Confidence has a significant effect on PPTK Performance not through Motivation. Or in other words Motivation is not an intervening variable between Confidence with Performance PPTK. This shows that the actual influence between confidence on the performance of PPTK is a direct influence.
A formação em pesquisa em psicologia entre estudantes de instituições particulares
Authors: Cury Bruno de Morais , Ferreira Neto João Leite
Published: July 2023

Este estudo objetivou investigar as estratégias da formação em pesquisa entre graduandos de Psicologia. Trata-se de um estudo de casos comparativo entre três instituições particulares mineiras, no qual foram entrevistados graduandos em Psicologia através de grupos focais. Como estratégia de análise dos dados obtidos, utilizou-se a análise temática de conteúdo. Ainda que os alunos concordem que há ainda muito que melhorar no sentido da maior divulgação quando existem projetos de IC, muitos por interesse próprio se envolveram com pesquisa e tiveram experiências consideradas indispensáveis para a formação. O exercício da profissão de Psicologia precisa ser constantemente questionado e avaliado em relação às novas demandas que se apresentam, no país.
Validação de vídeo instrutivo para mães de bebês em UTI cardiopediátrica: “Para além do coração”
Authors: Pinheiro Joana Angélica Marques , Cestari Virna Ribeiro Feitosa , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães
Published: July 2023

Descrever validação de conteúdo do roteiro de video instrutivo acerca dos cuidados maternos, expectativas e condições vivenciadas no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca pediátrica. Utilizou-se o método E-Delphi para validação. Após avaliação dos juízes foram realizados ajustes no roteiro obtendo-se consenso na 2a rodada, com IVC (Índice de Validade de Conteúdo) e CVR em todos os itens. O vídeo foi então nomeado “Para além do coração”. Acredita-se que a validação por expertises do roteiro para a produção do vídeo instrutivo para mães de bebês com cardiopatia, forneceu maior confiabilidade e especificidade no direcionamento do cuidado junto ao público que se pretendia assistir, alcançando também a possibilidade de agir como redutor de estresse pela hospitalização, com mulheres mais orientadas e conscientes do maternar após cirurgia cardíaca.
Evaluation of the cross-reaction between Leishmania spp and T. cruzi by structural equation model
Authors: Botega Andrey Marana , Neto Manoel Garcia , Miodutzki Gabrielle Thais , Beneton Rafaella Prestes Di Pietro , Araújo Matheus Janeck , Marinho Márcia
Published: July 2023

Visceral Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are characterized by parasitic diseases of wide worldwide distribution caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi, and that, due to phylogenetic homogeneity, share surface antibodies, which may cause cross-reactions in the face of serological tests used in the routine diagnosis of diseases. The present study aimed to analyze the occurrence of cross-seroreactivity between Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi antigens in serum samples from dogs when submitted IFAT, DPP and Elisa serological tests, also verifying the possible correlations and associations between the multiple variables observables and risk factors on seroreactivity using mathematical modeling. Was concluded that there was cross-seroreactivity between the antigens of parasite. The Elisa test, the neighborhood and the clinical signs constituted risk factors for the presence of anti-Leishmania spp. and anti-T. cruzi antibodies. The latent variable had a greater influence for IFRS T. cruzi than for IFRS Leishmania spp. There was a correlation between the observable variable and the results' seroreactivity, and the structural equation model proved to be an excellent tool for data analysis.
Bovine milk quality related to the minimum requirements demanded by current Brazilian legislation
Authors: Fanin Maurício , Matusaiki Camila de Cuffa , Ferraudo Antonio Sergio , Bondezan Maria Augusta Dorigan , Oliveira Luiz Paulo de , Marchi Dérick de Almeida , Melo Maria Eduarda da Silva , Martins Lisiane de Almeida , Germano Ricardo de Melo , Otutumi Luciana
Published: July 2023

Taking into account the increasing search for quality milk production, the objective was to evaluate the milk quality of 33 properties located in the northwest region of Paraná in 2018, relating them to current legislation (normative instruction 76). The results of standard plate count (SPC), somatic cell count (SCC), fat, non-fat solids, total solids, lactose and protein were tabulated. There was non-compliance related to the legislation of 53% of the samples for SPC and 21.8% for SCC. In the analysis of geometric means, 27.3% presented three consecutive months above the acceptable limits for SCC and 63.6% for SPC. The multiple correspondence analysis of the nonconformity results showed two processes involving, each, three strongly associated variables: SCC, fat and total solids and SCC, lactose and total solids. These associations came from 56.3% of the variability contained in the data set, demonstrating that high SCC results negatively affect the percentages of fat and total solids, in addition to lactose and total solids and that despite technological advances, many producers still find it difficult to meet the legislation.
Desmistificando a pessoa com deficiência pelo olhar de agentes comunitários de saúde
Authors: De Souza Jucimara Dultra , Passos Adrielle Andrade , Adorno Evanilza Teixeira , de Oliveira Juliana Maria Freitas , DeJesus Beatriz Menezes , Teixeira-Machado Lavínia
Published: July 2023

Na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) desempenham um papel central na identificação das necessidades relacionadas à promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos, especialmente no contexto da pessoa com deficiência (PcD). O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o conhecimento dos ACS sobre a PcD. O estudo consistiu na oferta de um curso de educação continuada para esses profissionais, realizado virtualmente, composto por dez encontros semanais, com duração de 60 minutos cada. Concluíram o estudo 45 ACS, sendo 80% mulheres, com idades variando entre 20 e 56 anos. Quanto ao nível de escolaridade, apenas 40% possuíam ensino médio completo, e 49% trabalham como ACS há menos de cinco anos. Antes do curso, os participantes demonstraram conhecimento superficial e genérico sobre a definição e as características básicas das PcD. Mais de 51% dos ACS não tinham conhecimento sobre os direitos das PcD, mas após o curso esse número foi reduzido para 16%. O estudo evidenciou a necessidade de promover educação continuada e permanente para esses profissionais, a fim de garantir os direitos legais das pessoas com deficiência.
Potencial fungitóxico dos óleos essenciais de plantas do cerrado no controle dos fitopatógenos Curvularia lunata e Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Santos Gil Rodrigues dos Santos , Mourão Dalmarcia de Souza Carlos , Han Jannyce Soares , Osório Pedro Raymundo Arguelles , Araújo Sabrina Helena da Cruz , Lima Lorena Ribeiro
Published: July 2023

Com vistas à produção de alimentos saudáveis e livres de pesticidas, tem-se buscado fungicidas botânicos em plantas medicinais entre outras presentes no Bioma Cerrado. Os compostos biologicamente ativos destas ainda são pouco conhecidos, principalmente no controle de doenças em plantas. Desta forma, trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o potencial fungitóxico dos óleos essenciais de plantas do cerrado no controle dos fitopatógenos Curvularia lunata e Rhizoctonia solani.  Foram realizadas coletas de plantas em regiões de cerrado para obtenção de extratos e óleos essenciais para testes in vitro, como formas de extrações foi utilizado metanol à frio para os extratos e para os óleos essenciais foi utilizado o equipamento clevenger. Foram avaliadas e identificadas um total de 28 famílias botânicas, sendo que a Asteraceae foi encontrada com maior frequência. Para a inibição do crescimento micelial de C. lunata e R. solani, o óleo essencial da Aristolochia holostylis, mostrou leve atividade fungistática, inibindo parcialmente o crescimento micelial.  O óleo essencial da Xylopia frutescens, mostrou 100% de inibição do crescimento micelial dos fungos, nas concentrações de 50%, mostrando alto potencial fungitóxico.
Pós-registro de medicamento genérico estratégico fabricado em uma parceria de desenvolvimento produtivo
Authors: Ferreira Mattos Colli Luciana , Berenguer Anderson , Campos da Silva Cristiane , Rambauske Dora , Moises Ferreira Antonio , Mertz Tatiana , Figueiredo Braz Alex , Vilela do Nascimento Godinho Renata
Published: July 2023

A fabricação de medicamentos no Brasil demanda procedimentos de pós-registro de rotina regulatória complexa e de elevado custo. O objetivo foi enquadrar uma mudança no processo de fabricação de medicamentos à legislação sanitária. Foram realizados levantamento bibliográfico e análise da mudança pós-registro a ser implementada. No processo de análise, a mudança necessária foi classificada como inclusão de local de fabricação de medicamento de liberação modificada, que requer protocolo e manifestação da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Os testes requeridos são: Parecer de Análise Técnica da Empresa; Certificação em Boas Práticas de Fabricação; estudo de estabilidade; validação do processo; controle de qualidade; estudo de biodisponibilidade relativa. O processo regulatório, principalmente referente ao pós-registro de medicamentos, envolveu procedimentos que, para a inclusão de local de fabricação, além dos estudos de estabilidade, e validação, necessitaram do estudo de biodisponibilidade relativa.
Assédio sexual: um conceito atual para uma antiga prática
Authors: Lima Érica Cavalcante , Carvalho Thatianny Jasmine Castro Martins de , Holanda Patrícia Helena Carvalho
Published: July 2023

O assédio sexual é um crime que parece escolher propositalmente suas vítimas, as mulheres, principalmente. Aspecto que faz com que o ato transcenda à esfera da violência laboral, tornando-se, também, uma violência de gênero e, embora tenha uma conceituação relativamente recente, na década de 1970, essa prática traz à tona questões muito antigas para a sua ocorrência. Dessa maneira, este estudo pretende, através de densa pesquisa bibliográfica, numa perspectiva historiográfica e sociológica ancorada nas obras de Pierre Bourdieu (2002), Simone de Beauvoir (1970), Alexandra Kolontai (2000), Michele Perrot (2005), Catherine Mackinnon (1979), Angela Davis (2017), Silvia Federici (2019), Bell Hooks (2015), dentre outras,refletir sobre um problema de complexa conceituação e que, embora pareça atual, tem suas raízes fincadas num passado distante, mas que dialoga cotidianamente com o nosso presente.
A SENSITIVE, ECONOMICAL BIOANALYTICAL LC-MS/MS METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF IRBESARTAN AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.E.S.’s Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Farmagudi – 403 401, Goa, India, Nazareth Celina , Pereira Sanelly , Batheja Raman
Published: July 2023

A novel bioanalytical LC-MS/MS method for irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide has been developed using deuterated internal standards. Sample pretreatment was carried out using Strata-X Cartridge 33µm. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Chromolith® High Resolution Column, 100X4.6mm, 5µ using a mobile phase of acetonitrile (80 %) and 2mM ammonium acetate (20 %) basified with ammonia solution. A flow rate of 1 mL min-1 was employed with split ratio of approximately 50% outside, with column temperature being 40˚C ±2˚C. The retention time for irbesartan and irbesartanD4 deuterated internal standard was 1.52 min (±0.50min) and for hydrochlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide15N213CD2 deuterated internal standard it was 1.43 min (±0.50 min). The developed LC/MS-MS method was validated as per EMA guidelines. The linearity range established for the drugs in human plasma was 50.197 ng mL-1 to 6038.206 ng mL-1 for irbesartan and 1.021 ng mL-1 to 408.480 ng mL-1 for hydrochlorothiazide. The short run time ensured use of less mobile phase and increased sample throughput, making analysis rapid and economical.
INVESTIGATION OF SUPERFLUITY POTENTIAL OF BCS-II DRUG BY USING SOLVENT SHIFT METHOD
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135 001, Haryana, India, Handa Uditi , Malik Anuj , Guarve Kumar
Published: July 2023

This research work’s motive was to investigate the superfluity potential of the BCS-II drug (Dextromethorphan HBr) by solvent shift method to evaluate the impact of polymer gain factor on superfluity potential for the enhancement of bioavailability of orally prolonged release. To maintain the superfluity potential, different drug-release retarding polymers were used (HPMC 15cps, xanthan gum, sodium CMC) in a bio-relevant medium. The outcomes of this, reveal that all polymers remarkably enhanced the solubility of dextromethorphan HBr 1.07-2.49 fold when compared to those without polymer. HPMC and xanthan gum both at 0.1 % w/V showed excellent precipitation inhibitor's role at about 10.2-22.1 factor in SIFsp and 6.04-6.75 factor in PBS (pH 7.4). Elucidation of these results, show that HPMC (15cps) works on the parachute concept and Xanthan Gum on the glider concept. Hence, the superfluity potential is maintained by the selection of excellent polymers in non-formulated drugs to develop the superfluity formulation.
Premier Forum sous régional des femmes autochtones et des communautés locales d’Afrique centrale et du Bassin du Congo: Déclaration
Authors:   Rights and Resources Initiative,   REPALEAC
Published: July 2023

Du 8 au 12 mai 2023, les femmes leaders des communautés autochtones et locales se sont jointes aux bailleurs et philanthropes internationaux, ainsi qu’aux ministres et acteurs politiques africains à Brazzaville pour renforcer et promouvoir le rôle des femmes et des filles des communautés autochtones et locales de la région dans la résilience climatique et la conservation de la biodiversité. L’écosystème du bassin du Congo en Afrique centrale est le deuxième poumon du monde après la forêt amazonienne et abritant une biodiversité extraordinaire d’une importance cruciale pour les objectifs climatiques mondiaux. Les femmes des communautés autochtones et locales jouent un rôle essentiel dans la gestion et la protection des écosystèmes naturels qui stockent la biodiversité, séquestrent le carbone, soutiennent les moyens de subsistance locaux et sauvegardent leurs cultures et leurs connaissances traditionnelles.    Afin de valoriser leurs contributions souvent ignorées à la conservation de la nature et à la résilience climatique – et surtout de lutter contre les injustices et les discriminations généralisées – la REPALEAC et les femmes leaders autochtones se sont associées à RRI pour organiser le premier Forum des femmes autochtones et des communautés locales d’Afrique centrale et du Bassin du Congo. Cette déclaration est un appel mondial à l'action.
Arithmetic of Life in Premodern Siam
Authors: Baker Chris , Phongpaichit Pasuk
Published: July 2023

Law had a role in enforcing social hierarchy in premodern Siam using numerical scales. Two systems are quite well-known: early titles referred to the number of people theoretically under the command of an officer, and the sakdina system ranked everyone below royalty on a numerical scale from 50 to 10,000. But there were two other systems, written into the old law codes, which ranked people in monetary terms, emphasizing that people were of unequal value. The first of these was the body-price, used to regulate pricing in the market for slaves, to determine compensation for causing death, and to set certain other punishments. The second was the system for setting fines for injuries resulting from personal disputes. Here the calculation took into account social rank, the extent of injury, the weapon used, and judicial discretion. With the exception of certain major crimes (murder, revolt, etc.), most other offences could be commuted into a fine. Monetary payment was thus the main form of punishment — a mark of premodern Ayutthaya as a market society.
Positive end-expiratory pressure in acute respiratory distress syndrome; where have we been, where are we going?
Authors: Radhi Sara Salah , Freebairn Ross Callum , Chiew Yeong Shiong , Chase J. Geoffrey , Cove Matthew Edward
Published: July 2023

ARDS is a heterogenous syndrome with a high mortality rate and limited therapeutic strategies. PEEP is routinely applied to these patients as a part of a protective lung ventilation strategy because getting it right helps optimize respiratory system compliance and improve oxygenation. However, if the PEEP is too low or too high, it may cause harm. Large clinical trials, focusing on patients with ARDS, have generally compared strategies designed to deliver low PEEP with those designed to deliver higher PEEP. No superior strategy has emerged, perhaps because these studies did not stratify patients based on their likely response to high or low PEEP. Nevertheless, the best strategy to identify optimal PEEP remains controversial, despite many large studies over the past 50 years. In the modern era of personalized medicine, perhaps our PEEP strategy should not be high PEEP or low PEEP but individualized PEEP. In this manuscript, we review the physiological effects of PEEP and the various methods studied and available to determine optimal PEEP at the bedside, providing a guide for physicians who regularly manage mechanically ventilated patients and highlighting new avenues for research.
The object tracking and movement prediction based on the Gaussian mixture model
Authors: Lyu Dongsheng
Published: July 2023

In modern computer vision study field, it has never been stopped for giving computer human ability and expecting for even more powerful functions. Most research is still in theoretical level and is hard to be applied in individual daily life. Hence it is needed to bring the advantage of new technologies in computer vision field to more people in society. This paper introduces an application in computer vision field, namely the use of Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) for object track and movement prediction. By using GMM, the computer will have the ability to split an object from the background. Although due to sudden changes in lighting and other external factors, the general modeling of the background is not very clean and clear, the Gaussian Mixture model is one of the most successful modeling methods.
Interpretable machine learning in VLSI physical design
Authors: Sun Ben
Published: July 2023

Today's popularisation of portable devices largely depends on the progress in integrated circuits. Modern Very Large Scale Integration technology (VLSI) allows billions of transistors to be packed into the same chip. In the past years, digital design in VLSI has been developed compared to analogue design. The traditional method is hard to model the performance change in analogue or mixed-signal components caused by physical design. In the early 2000s, rapid advances in machine learning and computing power made analogue design automation possible. Despite their outstanding performance, the transparency issue has become significant. This paper introduces the history of VLSI physical design, which includes placement and routing in the early stages. The change that machine learning (ML) has made is mentioned in the third section. Analysis of the potential problem has been proposed, followed by a brief category of some well-known work in interpretable Machine Learning, which could be the primary direction for VLSI automation to be further popularised in the future.
Research on information extraction technology applied for knowledge graphs
Authors: Zhou Wei
Published: July 2023

Information extraction is an important part of natural language processing and is an important basis for building question and answer systems and knowledge graphs. A growing number of new technologies are being applied to information extraction with the development of deep learning techniques. As a first step, this paper introduces information extraction techniques and their main tasks, then describes the development history of information extraction techniques, and introduces the practice and application of different types of information extraction techniques in knowledge graph construction, including entity-extraction, relationship extraction and attribute extraction. Finally, some problems and research directions faced by information extraction techniques are discussed.
Research on node coverage in agricultural wireless sensor networks based on deterministic coverage
Authors: Wang Zheng
Published: July 2023

The application of wireless sensor network in agriculture has always been a concern. In the research of wireless sensor network extension, coverage problem is one of the hot issues in wireless sensor network. Research on the node coverage of agricultural wireless sensor networks based on deterministic deployment is of great significance to improve the coverage quality of agricultural wireless sensor networks and reduce energy consumption. According to the feature of deterministic coverage of wireless sensor network nodes in the agricultural field, this paper summarizes and analyzes the existing deterministic coverage schemes, and proposes to determine the minimum number of nodes according to the size of the repeated coverage area, which provides ideas for the problem of node coverage with deterministic area characteristics in the agricultural field.
Prediction and processing of natural language
Authors: Wang Yi
Published: July 2023

With the rapid increase in the computing power of electronic computers and the dramatic decrease in the cost of manufacturing, researchers are refocusing on the challenging research field of natural language processing (NLP). Therefore, in a natural language training development as the main line, from the following several aspects work: first of all, on the basis of preliminary training technical update route, this paper introduces the traditional natural language training in advance technology and training neural network prediction technology, and analyse the related technical features, comparison, generalize the development and trends of natural language processing technology; Secondly, this paper introduces the improved natural language processing models based on BERT from two aspects, and summarizes these models from the aspects of pre-training mechanism, advantages and disadvantages, and performance. Furthermore, the main application fields of NLP are introduced, and the current challenges and corresponding solutions of NLP are described. Finally, this paper summarizes the work and predict the future development direction of NLP.
Application and practice of data mining techniques
Authors: Liu Yizhou
Published: July 2023

Data mining is a relatively recent phenomenon, but it has emerged as a result of the rapid advancement of information technology and the associated technologies and computer functions. In order to facilitate social production and life, advances in computer data mining, big data, and cloud storage technologies have been made. Data mining, or the process of systematically extracting useful information from large data sets, has many potential applications and can be applied in many different fields. Using a literature review method, this paper defines key terms associated with big data technology and demand, data mining technology, before outlining several widely used techniques for mining this type of information and expanding on the future directions of application in a number of different domains. Values hidden in data are becoming increasingly apparent in the modern world. The growing field of data mining offers significant help in finding a solution to this issue. Exploring the unique content and application practice of data mining technology in the era of big data may provide some reference for social development when taken together with the real situation.
Concerns for city development: Explore the approach to smart cities
Authors: Li Junjie
Published: July 2023

In 2050, the United Nations predicted that 70% of the global population would be living in urban areas, and such intense urbanization will mainly take place in developing countries. However, although living in cities improves the residents' quality of life, a massive urban population, bringing about a shortage of infrastructure and serious environmental pollution, will burden the society and government. In order to avoid these problems, the concept of a smart city, which takes advantage of advanced computer technology to make the city livable and sustainable, has been mentioned frequently for the last decades. This paper, intending to provide some directions for students of engineering, introduces one core technology used to construct smart cities and two aspects of smart cities.
Analysis on issues and challenges of IoT and the solution based on blockchain technology
Authors: Lyu Sicong
Published: July 2023

With the development of science and technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become an area of great influence and potential. However, the deficient data security and privacy problems of the current IoT systems seriously limit its application. This is due to the fact that the information exchange and data authentication in IoT must be done through the central server. In order to solve the fraud possibility of device, false authentication, unreliable data sharing, eliminating the concept of a central server, the block chain (BC) technology was adopted as part of the Internet of things used to improve the above problems. This paper elaborates the component interaction in the Internet of things which bring security and privacy problems, and introduces the existing block chain technology, the application of Internet of things. Various challenges of IoT and IoT with BC as well as future research directions are summarized.
The application of neural network approaches for physical rehabilitation
Authors: Liu Duoqi
Published: July 2023

Physical rehabilitation is essential for a large number of patients around the world to recover from their disabilities. However, conventional methods of rehabilitation were expensive and difficult for majority of patients to access. This paper presents studies with neural network-based approaches that solve this problem are reviewed in this paper. The methods are divided into three main categories: stroke rehabilitation, injury rehabilitation and other rehabilitations. The common methods reviewed are Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). There are various rehabilitation datasets reviewed in the paper, which all included pictures and videos of both patients and healthy people preforming a series of movements. The sensors used in experiments to capture patients movements are also summarized in this paper. The paper reviewed few algorithms able to model a 3D human skeleton based on the data collected by sensors. Evaluation metrics reviewed includes Discrete Movement Score, rule-based and template-based scoring methods. K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) distance function were commonly used in template-based evaluation methods. The results in researches reviewed indicate that neural network-based rehabilitation methods are able to satisfy most demands, and improved efficiency, making it affordable and accessible to more patients.
The development of computer-based algorithms based on gobang game
Authors: Shen Shuqi
Published: July 2023

Gobang is a worldwide two-player strategy board game, which is popular especially in the Asian region. Recently, the science and technology has been developing fast and artificial intelligence was applied in numerous fields like the board game. Gobang, a strategy game with moderate difficulty, is a suitable example for people to test algorithms and solve board game problems. As a result, many related algorithms were appearing with different advantages and disadvantages. In this work, these already existed algorithms, game tree, minimax search, alpha-beta pruning, genetic algorithm and monte carlo tree search, were discussed and compared. The results and comparison showed that game tree and minimax search had a large number of nodes to calculate to reach a suitable search depth, about 1.00E+12 and 1.29E+14 respectively, which meant they need a long calculating time, while the alpha-beta pruning need to calculate about 2.2E+07 nodes and genetic algorithm only need to calculate about 1.00E+04 nodes, which cost 0.6 seconds for every move. Plus, the monte carlo tree search could reach nearly 100% win rate through self-play, which making gobang algorithm become more refined. Additionally, these algorithms had already made gobang AI powerful with fast move and high win rate, so they also had been applied in many different fields to develop and spread gobang.
Which network is stronger? Le Net, Alex Net and VGG on image classification
Authors: Ding Ruotong
Published: July 2023

Image Classification has become an important and focused area in computer vision. It is widely used and needed in E-commerce area, social media platforms, robotics, etc. The image classification system is aimed to classify the category of the images by associating labels with the image. Being an important area in machine learning, in recent years, with the deep learning technology developing at a fast pace, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is proven that it has great performance in many image classification tasks. This article will mainly focus on three classic convolutional neural networks applied to the image classification tasks. The three networks are LeNet, AlexNet, and VGG. By summarizing their frameworks and usage in the image classification tasks, the analysis of the performance of the three networks will be given.
The current situation and potential development of face recognition
Authors: Li Baijia
Published: July 2023

Face recognition has received more attention in the recent past. It refers to using biometric technology to identify individuals from a captured image by comparing it to the images in the database. There are three face recognition techniques: 2D, 2D-3D and 3D. Face recognition occurs in three processes. Firstly, face recognition begins with face detection, where an image is identified as having a face. That is followed by face extraction, which involves identifying the various faces within an image. The final stage is face classification which entails face verification or face identification. Depending on the type of system, face recognition can either occur in verification or identification mode. Additionally, face recognition has various applications in the current global environment. Face recognition can be used in security systems, hospitals, schools, and retail industries. It allows easier verification and identification of individuals. However, despite the development of the technology, there are still some challenges, such as plastic surgery, illumination, aging, occlusion and pose variation.
Localization of robots under two-dimensional indoor conditions
Authors: Zhang Zhonghao
Published: July 2023

In the 21st century, driven by the vigorous development of science and technology, intelligent services are developing under a unprecedented speed. With the progress of new science and new technology, robots have made a qualitative leap in artificial intelligence, sensing hardware equipment and other aspects. The emergence of mobile robot has replaced many ineffective mechanical labor and liberated a large number of labor. However, in reality, the environment of the moving robot is relatively complex, with many dynamic obstacles and environmental terrain bending, so a reasonable and efficient path planning can greatly save the traveling time of the mobile robot. At the same time, if the mobile robot accurately find the position of its own body and the position of obstacles, it can reach the target safely. Therefore, it is a useful research topic to study the positioning and mapping methods and the path planning method in the navigation technology of moving robot. This article mainly discuss some popular methods of localization under two-dimensional and demonstrate the weakness.
Federated transfer learning: Concept and application
Authors: Ni Tengjun
Published: July 2023

As the development of Machine Learning, more and more data are used to train models in order to guide peoples daily life. Faced with privacy and efficiency challenges these days, Federated Transfer Learning (FTL) has grown in popularity, as it has a great ability to protect data privacy while also dealing with the problem of data scarcity. In this passage, the author studies the FTL and its different applications, including sales industry, Industrial Internet of Things Devices, Finance application, Medical Application and Autonomous Driving, analyses the usage in the different industries. Further, the author discusses the privacy and robustness of FTL, which are the core features of FTL. In the end, the author concluded the features of FTL and also gave a prospection of FTL.
PreSoramimiset: Establishing dataset for Chinese misheard lyrics generation
Authors: Li Zihao
Published: July 2023

Mondegreen is a common phenomenon during conversation and is more obvious during listening to songs. To simulate the impression that the audience will have when they hear a particular piece, the Soramiminet model is introduced in this paper. The model is a combination of wave2vec, and transformer used for generating misheard lyrics in Chinese with various input songs. This article will focus more on the establishment of the dataset for wave2vec model. The criteria and several methods of creating a high-quality dataset are summarized and present in this paper. Additionally, the negative impact of a defective dataset and how to avoid it is discussed. The main limitations and biases of this dataset, and how to address them and future work are explored. The dataset includes a set of audio clips from 21 tracks by 9 different singers in AVI form and a text file for annotation which can be processed by python dataset module. The dataset is relatively biased, since all the annotations are done by the author personally. There is no correct labelling, given that the model is generating misheard or wrong results.