bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Event mining based on observations of the system
Authors: Granat Janusz
Published: April 2024

Event mining is becoming a challenging area of research. Events in system analysis is not a new concept. It has been used in Petri nets, stochastic modeling, etc. However, there are new opportunities that come from the lage amount of data that is stored in various databases. In this paper we will focus on formulating the event mining tasks that consider observations of the system as well as internal and external events.
Distributed asynchronous algorithms in the Internet – new routing and traffic control methods
Authors: Karbowski Andrzej
Published: April 2024

The paper presents several new algorithms concerning the third (network) and the fourth (transport) layer of ISO/OSI network model. For the third layer two classes of the shortest paths algorithms – label correcting and auction algorithms – are proposed. For the fourth layer an application of price decomposition to network optimization and Internet congestion control is suggested.
Tools for health professionals within the German health telematics platform
Authors: Bernd Blobel  , Pharow Peter
Published: April 2024

Shared care concepts such as managed care and continuity of care are based on extended communication and co-operation between different health professionals or between them and the patient respectively. Health information systems and their components, which are very different in their structure, behaviour, data and their semantics as well as regarding implementation details used in different environments for different purposes, have to provide intelligent interoperability. Therefore, flexibility, portability, knowledge-based interoperability and future-orientation must be guaranteed using the newest development of model driven architecture. The ongoing work for the German health telematics platform based on an architectural framework and a security infrastructure is described in some detail. This concept of future-proof health information networks with virtual electronic health records as core application starts with multifunctional electronic health cards. It fits into developments currently performed by many other developed countries. The paper introduces into the German health telematics platform and its tools based on smart card.
Health applications and grid technologies
Authors: Salloum Fadi-Sotiris
Published: April 2024

Biology and genomics in the near future will play a major role in day to day activities related with health. Today biologists and doctors work together in order to decode and analyze large amount of data extracted from the DNA analysis of proteins. Advanced health applications will be needed in order to store, retrieve, process the large amount of data – being produced today by genomics and bioinformatics analysis – in order to extract useful results in a reasonable time frame. In this paper we present the results from our research regarding the use of grid technologies with health applications. We present the current status of standardization activities and working groups, which are currently involved with the specification of health applications and the standardization of needed components such us security, functionality, etc., which are being introduced by the use of grid technologies.
Cost-effective health services for interactive lifestyle management: the PANACEIA-iTV and the e-Vital concepts
Authors: Maglavera Stavroula , Stalidis George , Sakka Eleni , Lekka Irini , Leondaridis Lefteris , Maglaveras Nicos
Published: April 2024

Information technology applications in medicine are rapidly expanding, and new methods and solutions are evolving since they are considered pivotal in the success of preventive medicine. In this paper two different concepts will be presented, the PANACEIA-iTV and the e-Vital concept. PANACEIA-iTV is a home care service provision system based on interactive TV technology and supported by the IST programme of the European Commission. The e-Vital service, supported by the eTEN programme of the European Commission, regards an integrated home care and telemonitoring service chain aimed at large sensitive parts of the European population, the "at-risk" citizens, who are usually patients with a stable medical condition that allow a near normal life but may suddenly deteriorate and put life at risk.
Wireless communication for medical applications: the HEARTS experience
Authors: Kropp Andrea
Published: April 2024

Wireless networks provide all the functionality of wire-line networks without the physical constraints of the wire itself giving an interesting alternative to phone-line and powerline wiring systems. With a wireless network, physicians can actively monitor a patient’s vital signs from anywhere in a hospital. HEARTS (health early alarm recognition and telemonitoring system) is a research project having the major aim to provide support for prevention and monitoring heart disease, based on advanced technology. The HEARTS idea is to gather biometric and environmental data coming from patients during both hospitalization phase and in their normal lifetime activities, using wireless networks. The wireless network and its composing devices are called personal health network (PHN). WPAN and WLAN technologies have been investigated, each with its pros and cons, for use in health monitoring activities inside hospitals and at home, for improving patient mobility, and to provide patients for "last interconnection hop" to the infrastructure network. Technological and operational problems have been addressed concerning bluetooth, IEEE 802.11b (WiFi), GSM/GPRS/UMTS wireless transports, all of them tested and some of them concretely adopted inside the HEARTS framework.
Future automation via ubiquitous communications technologies
Authors: Babulak Eduard
Published: April 2024

The telecommunications and Internet technologies have evolved dramatically during the last decade, laying solid foundation for the future generation of the ubiquitous Internet access, omnipresent web technologies and ultimate automated information cyberspace. As a result, current efforts in the research and development in the areas of next generation of Internet and telecommunications technologies promote formation of inter-disciplinary international teams of experts, scientists, researchers and engineers to create a new generation of applications and technologies that will facilitate the fully-automated information cyberspace systems, such as future house 2015. The author discusses the current state of the art in the world of telecommunications and Internet technologies, new technological trends in the Internet and automation industries, as well as the concept of the fully-automated future house 2015, while promoting research and development in the inter-disciplinary projects run by multinational teams world-wide.
Inclusion of sign language users via information and communication technology
Authors: Dotter Franz
Published: April 2024

The paper addresses the situation of sign language users (mostly deaf people) in the context of inclusion as a political goal. For several reasons, there is often still some confusion with the terms of deaf and hearing impaired. In order to overcome this confusion, a survey is given over the needs of people who have a sign language as their preferred language as well as the needs of people who decide on preferring spoken language (mostly hard-of-hearing people). One should also doubt that the whole target group of people with disabilities in the hearing area consists of two separate groups only. Starting from the right of self-determination, the better solution seems to be the individual right of a person to choose any offers which are useful for her/him. As for other groups of people with special needs, ICT is seen as a big chance for improving their situation in terms of life and job chances. Several projects and experiences are reported
A way of integrating deaf, hearing- and speech-impaired people into modern communication society
Authors: Hilzensauer Marlene
Published: April 2024

This article deals with the exclusion of deaf, hearing- and speech-impaired people from our modern communication society, as they are unable to use the phone. This situation leads to discrimination and disadvantages in their everyday lives. One solution to this problem is the implementation of so-called relay centers which act as go-betweens; with the aid of communications assistants and interpreters, a direct conversation with a hearing person becomes possible. The Center for Sign Language and Deaf Communication has developed a concept of such a relay center for Austria. The main innovations are the integrative technological approach (trying to integrate all possible communication devices) and the embedding into an Internet portal, including additional services for the target groups. An overview of the activities carried out during the 6-month preparatory project is given, and the results are described
The signal to noise ratio in the differential cryptanalysis of 9 rounds of data encryption standard
Authors: Misztal Michał
Published: April 2024

There is presented the differential cryptanalysis method of attack on data encryption standard (DES) reduced to 9 rounds. More precise estimation than that of Biham and Shamir of the signal to noise (S/N) ratio is obtained. Also, method of using the ratio in calculation of required number of plaintexts is suggested. There are given results (time of performance) and implementation’s issues of practical realisation of this attack.
Performance evaluation of the multiple output queueing switch with different buffer arrangements strategy
Authors: Danilewicz Grzegorz , Kabaciński Wojciech , Kleban Janusz
Published: April 2024

Performance evaluation of the multiple output queueing (MOQ) switch recently proposed by us is discussed in this paper. In the MOQ switch both the switch fabric and buffers can operate at the same speed as input and output ports. This solution does not need any speedup in the switch fabric as well as any matching algorithms between inputs and outputs. In this paper new performance measures for the proposed MOQ switch are evaluated. The simulation studies have been carried out for switches with different buffer arrangements strategy and of capacity 2×2, 4×4, 8×8, 16×16 and 32×32, and under selected traffic patterns. The simulations results are also compared with OQ switches of the same sizes.
‘The’ New Zealand Science System
Authors: Carnaby Garth
Published: April 2024

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Strategic Direction Working Party Report for 2008/09
Authors: Editors
Published: April 2024

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Editorial
Authors: Gordon Dennis
Published: April 2024

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Achieving innovative science
Authors: Rowarth Jacqueline , Goldson Stephen
Published: April 2024

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New Zealand Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Science Forum 2009
Authors: Editors
Published: April 2024

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Hon. Pete Hodgson, Minister of Research, Science and Technology
Authors: Editors
Published: April 2024

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How the endosymbiont got its cell
Authors: Poole Anthony
Published: April 2024

Despite fundamental advances in cellular, molecular and genome biology, there is still surprisingly little consensus concerning the evolutionary origins of the eukaryote cell. While it is clear that the mitochondrion (responsible for generating much of the energy requirements of the eukaryote cell) has evolved from an endosymbiont cell of bacterial origin, the recent literature has borne witness to a tidal wave of speculative theories regarding the nature of the cell in which this bacterium took up residence. David Penny and I recently argued that much of this confusion can be avoided if models are grounded in known biological processes, and if speculation is tempered by formulating testable hypotheses. The most fanciful hypotheses are an inevitable casualty of a pragmatic approach, but what remains is a productive framework wherein biologically plausible alternatives can be evaluated without the need to invoke ad hoc events or processes, such as biological ‘big bangs’ or hitherto unobserved cell biological phenomena.
Mammalian and avian survival across the Cretaceous– Tertiary boundary
Authors: Phillips Matthew
Published: April 2024

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David Penny confronts science policy through the New Zealand Association of Scientists
Authors: Berridge Mike , Sissons Chris
Published: April 2024

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Shannon Crossroad Blues
Authors: Lockhart Pete , Harrison Abby , McLenachan Trish
Published: April 2024

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David’s travels in the land of the mathematicians
Authors: Editors
Published: April 2024

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Positive Tone Sentiment and Readability as Impression Management Tactics Used by District Municipalities in South Africa
Authors: Mgoyana Sithandiwe , Phesa Masibulele
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The study explored the use of positive tone sentiment and readability as impression management tactics in South African local government sphere particularly district municipalities using attribution theory. What gets included in the mayor’s foreword is at the discretion of municipal management and that makes it subject to impression management tactics.

Methodology: The study followed the quantitative research method. Out of the 44 district municipalities, the mayor’s foreword of 34 district municipalities were analyzed using content analysis and were categorized into 17 performing and 17 non-performing district municipalities based on audit outcomes. Secondary data were used as data were extracted from the annual reports available on the websites of district municipalities.

Findings: The study revealed that performing district municipalities used significantly more positive tone than non-performing district municipalities whereas there was no significant difference on the readability score of performing and non-performing district municipalities.

Implications: The study brings new insights about the use of impression management tactics in the South African local government, specifically district municipalities. The study brings awareness to the local government stakeholders to be careful of impression management tactics in the annual report before making decisions. It further extends debate on impression management and self-attribution.
Indicação geográfica para além do registro: desafios e o papel dos núcleos de inovação tecnológica
Authors: Rangel Rodolpho da Cruz
Published: April 2024

O artigo aborda o uso da Indicação Geográfica (IG) para além do registro enquanto instrumento de Propriedade Intelectual. O objetivo é analisar as correlações entre IG e inovação, em uma perspectiva que amplie o espectro de análise, ou seja, não somente do ponto de vista normativo, mas conciliando com a análise das relações socioeconômicas que são derivadas da interação IG-inovação. O estudo propõe que a natureza específica do trabalho com as IG’s pode abrir novos caminhos de atuação para os Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológicas (NIT. A discussão teórica parte da perspectiva evolucionista ou neoshumpeteriana sobre inovação, por considerar ser relevante no trato das políticas públicas, interação social e institucional, aprendizagem. De modo pioneiro, são apresentados os principais resultados de 02 (dois) casos com projetos de apoio às IG’s através da gestão e intermediação de um NIT sediado no Estado do Espírito Santo. A metodologia foi organizada a partir de levantamento bibliográfico, revisão, discussão do referencial teórico e de fontes com informações secundárias. As principais conclusões evidenciam que o registro de IG não gera retorno financeiro e benefício em curto prazo aos produtores, de tal modo que se faz necessário maior grau de esforço na etapa pós-registro, além de inserir os produtos/serviços da IG em novos mercados e enfrentar barreiras de mercado. As inovações encontradas são categorizadas como incrementais e organizacionais. O framework de incubação encontrado, pode ser adaptado para políticas públicas. Propõe novos desenhos de políticas públicas e o papel que os NIT’s podem cumprir na gestão da inovação.
Přemluv bábu, pobav sebe: postmoderní estetika v občanském politickém diskurzu
Authors: Kirkosová Kateřina
Published: April 2024

V tomto článku analyzuji virální video Přemluv bábu, které mělo ambice zasáhnout do voleb do Poslanecké sněmovny Parlamentu České republiky v roce 2010. Ke klipu přistupuji z pozice kritické diskurzivní analýzy (CDA), pracuji především s předpoklady, koncepty a analytickými nástroji Normana Fairclougha, který pomáhal CDA rozvíjet a v akademickém poli prosadit. Tvrdím, že klip Přemluv bábu těží z pružnosti, respektive uhýbavosti postmoderního diskurzu, což mohlo smysl jeho výpovědi i její naléhavost spíše oslabit a znečitelnit než podepřít. Demonstruji na příkladech a snažím se identifikovaným ambivalencím porozumět s ohledem na kontext intertextový, interdiskurzivní, situační a socio-politický.
Henri Bergson a analytická filosofie
Authors: Arazim Pavel
Published: April 2024

Henri Bergson se za svého života těšil velké popularitě. Přes jistý ústup ze slávy jeho filosofie i v druhé polovině dvacátého století inspirovala např. Gillese Deleuze. Nicméně analytická filosofie Bergsonovi dosud mnoho pozornosti nevěnovala. Ačkoli na první pohled skutečně s analytickou filosofií nemá mnoho společného, najdeme v jeho díle některé myšlenky, které by si zasloužily, aby je analytická filosofie zhodnotila. Zaměříme se na Bergsonovo pojetí špatně položených otázek, které je v mnohém podobné pojetí logických pozitivistů. Dále navrhneme, v čem může spočívat jeho přínos pro teorii pravidel a normativistickou teorii významu. Obě témata jsou zde především programaticky nastíněna, jejich hlubší rozpracování je úkol pro další práci.
Collective Belief and the Intentional Strategy
Authors: Kocourek David
Published: April 2024

What do we mean when we say that some group believes something? Do we simply mean that all the members of the group believe it, or are we acknowledging the existence of some kind of group agent? According to Margaret Gilbert, talk about group mental states refers to the specific kind of agreements she calls joint commitments — that is, to collectively believe something means to be committed with others to believe it. In my article, I will first present Gilbert’s approach in more detail but will ultimately show that this approach is problematic and will refute it. I will briefly consider the most common solution to the problems Gilbert’s account faces, which lies in replacing collective beliefs with acceptances, but I will show that this solution will not do either. The solution I will then present will be based on Daniel Dennett’s intentional strategy, which is a method of interpreting the things around us and predicting their behaviour by treating them as rational agents with relevant intentions. I will try to show that all the problematic cases of collective belief can be explained by applying the intentional strategy to the groups in question.
Jaké to je vstupovat do světa?
Authors: Korda Tomáš
Published: April 2024

Předkládaná stať je obsáhlejší recenzí knihy Terezy Matějčkové Hegelova fenomenologie světa. Zdůrazňuji, že v její interpretaci hraje klíčovou roli pojem vzdělání. Nikoli toliko ve smyslu akumulace vědění, ale ve smyslu zbavování se vědění, které již neodpovídá skutečnosti. V mém čtení pak skrze opakované osvobozování se od starého vědění vstupuje vědomí do světa, nechává za sebou starý „světový řád“ a učí se současně žít na výši přítomnosti. Svět a (každodenní) přítomnost je to, čemu podle Matějčkové učí Hegelova Fenomenologie ducha dostát. Nejen vědomí, ale i čtenář má dostát světu, neboť je rovněž vědomím. Moje základní výhrada či spíše podnět k rozvedení spočívá v tom, že aby tohoto cíle Fenomenologie dosáhla, měl by její interpret vzít v potaz dějiny dvacátého století a ukázat, jak se na nich duch vzdělal a pozvedl je k dějinám ducha. V opačném případě čtenář bude stále rámovat přítomnost pojmy převzatými z minulosti a nebude skutečně moderní.
Covid-19 katastrofa: Nad knihou Richarda Hortona
Authors: Novotný Daniel D.
Published: April 2024

V této recenzní studii se zamýšlím nad knihou Richarda Hortona a jeho tezí, že západní země v odpovědi na současnou epidemii v první polovině roku 2020 až na výjimky selhaly. V pěti sekcích článku se po úvodní modifikaci Hortonovy teze (A) zabývám stručně: marginalizačním přístupem Číny (B), mitigačním přístupem Západu (C), epidemií SARS-1 jako klíčové události v oblasti globálního veřejného zdraví (D), příčinami selhání západu (epistemickými, politickými, etickými), a v závěru i další perspektivou (E).
Uplatnění pozdní filozofie L. Wittgensteina v myšlení C. Geertze
Authors: Vejnbender Kristina
Published: April 2024

Širším tématem tohoto článku je otázka kulturní relativity v metodologii antropologie a sociálních věd. Cílem textu je popsat anti-anti-relativistický postoj antropologa Clifforda Geertze, v němž se odráží jeho interpretace pozdního díla L. Wittgensteina a jeho pojmu „životní forma“. Geertzův anti-anti-relativismus je výsledkem odmítnutí zaujmout pozici relativisty nebo etnocentristy, a to z několika důvodů. Hlavním problémem obou táborů je podle něj mylná představa kultury jako nedynamického a uzavřeného celku, která vyplývá z filozofické představy „ideálních“ pojmů. Taková představa je podle něj zvlášť neudržitelná v dnešním globalizovaném propojeném světě. Geertz taktéž upozorňuje na dynamický způsob formování identity (subjektu nebo kultury) prostřednictvím setkání se s cizím. Životní forma je pro Geertze metodologický nástroj, který umožňuje vyhnout se rozhodování mezi relativismem nebo anti-relativismem a který naopak poskytuje dynamickou střední cestu, jejíž pomocí jde zkoumat vzájemné prolínání identit kultur a sociálních skupin.
José Ortega y Gasset a hispanoamerické filosofické myšlení
Authors: Vozková Kristýna
Published: April 2024

Předložená studie pojednává o tom, jakým způsobem ovlivnily země latinské Ameriky myšlení významného španělského moderního filosofa José Ortegy y Gasseta a rovněž o pocitech, které v autorovy zanechaly jeho návštěvy v zemích latinské Ameriky, zejména pak Argentině. Dále se zaměřuje na vliv Ortegy na hispanoamerické filosofické myšlení. Na prvních stránkách text představuje stručnou historii filosofického myšlení v latinské Americe. Následně se zaměřuje na Ortegovu snahu o nalezení intelektuálního „léku“ na hispanoamerický problém spojený s hledáním národní identity. Dále přibližuje Ortegovy myšlenky, teorie a koncepce, které měly nejvýznamnější vliv na tvorbu tamních intelektuálů, zejména perspektivismus, raciovitalismus, teorii generací a teorii kultur.
Lze rozřešit spor mezi realismem a konstruktivismem?
Authors: Marvan Tomáš
Published: April 2024

Text se formou polemiky zabývá otázkou, zda je možné rozřešit filozofický spor mezi realismem a konstruktivismem. Oproti mínění Jaroslava Peregrina hájí autor tezi, že tento spor rozřešit lze, a to ve prospěch realismu. Argumenty pro realismus jsou výrazně přesvědčivější, zatímco konstruktivistické argumenty nejsou ničím podložené a zároveň vedou k absurdním důsledkům. The text adresses, in a polemical fashion, the question whether the philosophical dispute between realism and constructivism can be resolved. Against the opinion of Jaroslav Peregrin, the author defends the thesis that this dispute can be resolved, in favor of realism. The arguments for realism are much more convincing, while constructivist arguments are baseless and at the same time lead to absurd consequences.
K některým filosofickým aspektům Dantova díla
Authors: Floss Pavel
Published: April 2024

Článek se zaměřuje na některé aspekty Dantova spisu De monarchia, především na povahu Alighieriho realizace ideje celosvětové monarchie, jež je jedinou zárukou trvalého míru, který je představen jako nezbytný předpoklad plné realizace všech duchovních potencí lidského rodu jako takového. Ačkoliv Dantovy názory vykazují ovlivnění dobovým averroismem, opírá se ve filosofické argumentaci pro upřednostnění vlády jediného celosvětového vladaře o scholasticky interpretovanou aristotelskou metafyziku. Autor konfrontuje základní momenty Dantovy politické filosofie s názory Marsilia z Padovy a především s koncepcemi Tomáše Akvinského. Ačkoliv Dante přispěl k posílení autonomie světského a vymanění se panovnické moci z nároků, jež si osobovalo dobové papežství, vytvořilo jeho zbožštění panovnické moci ideové předpoklady pro zbožštění státu a novodobý etatismus. The study focuses on aspects of Dante`s De monarchia — particularly on Alighieri`s conception of realization of the idea of universal monarchy as the only guarantee of permanent peace. This is presented as a necessary precondition for a full realization of all spiritual potentialities of the human kind as such. Although Dante`s views display an influence of contemporary Averroism, his philosophical argumentation in favour of the rule of one universal monarch is based on scholastic interpretations of Aristotelian metaphysics. Key moments of Dante`s philosophy are confronted with the views of Marsilius of Padua and, particularly, with the conceptions of Thomas Aquinas. It is then argued that Dante contributed to strengthening of the autonomy of the secular order and to liberation of monarchic rule from power claims of the contemporary papacy. At the same time, however, his deification of monarchic rule created preconditions for deification of the state and modern etatism.
Spor o smysl lidských dějin a dějiny člověka jako boj o smysl
Authors: Rabas Martin
Published: April 2024

Studie předkládá interpretaci souboru článků, které Jan Patočka uveřejnil na počátku své filosofické kariéry a v nichž programově vyložil vlastní stanovisko k problematice historického poznání a smyslu dějin. Na základě výkladu Patočkových statí studie konstatuje, že soubor ve svém celku připravuje předložení ucelené filosofické koncepce a že jeho prostřednictvím Patočka přispěl k soudobé diskusi, „sporu o smysl českých dějin“. Studie nejprve nabízí představení tohoto sporu a jeho dobového kontextu a argumentuje, že tato souvislost má podstatný význam pro porozumění Patočkovým textům. Na základě toho poté studie shrnuje Patočkovu interpretaci hlavních zainteresovaných argumentačních pozic a kritiku, kterou vůči nim snáší. V následujícím kroku studie předkládá interpretaci Patočkova vlastního pojetí dějin. Na závěr představuje východisko tohoto pojetí, Patočkovu koncepci člověka. The paper proposes an interpretation of a set of articles published by Jan Patočka at the beginning of his philosophical career, in which he programmatically sets forth his point of view of the problem of historical knowledge and the meaning of history. Based on the reading of the texts the paper arrives at the conclusion that this collection as a whole anticipates a comprehensive philosophical concept and that by means of these texts Patočka contributed to the discussion of the day, “the dispute over the meaning of Czech history”. The paper begins by presenting the dispute as well as its contemporary context and argues that this link bears essential significance to the understanding of Patočka’s texts. On this basis it then summarizes Patočka’s interpretation of the different parties of the argument and the critique to which he submits them. In the next step the paper presents Patočka’s interpretation of his own conception of history. It concludes by an exposition of the basis of this conception, Patočka’s concept of man.
Conventionalism and Theory of Meaning
Authors: Černý Jindřich
Published: April 2024

What is conventionalism in philosophy of science? Basically, it is a thesis about empirical underdetermination. According to Conventionalists, there is “a slack” between our theories and experience that is to be “lined” with conventions. As the experience does not “impose” any theory, scientists are always free to choose a theory on “softer” non-evidential grounds when facing empirical underdetermination. “Conventionalism is a philosophy of freedom,” as Édouard Le Roy put it. Yet the thing to remember is that there is no such a thing as the conventionalism. Reasons for empirical underdetermination that Conventionalists state are not always the same, hence it is more convenient to talk about varieties of conventionalism. The present paper is an attempt to sketch a line between two basic variants of conventionalism which are instrumentalism and constructivism. Co je konvencionalismus? V nejobecnější rovině se jedná o tvrzení o empirické poddeterminovanosti. Podle konvencionalistů existuje "mezera" mezi zkušeností a teoriemi, která může být překonána pouze pomocí konvencí. Vědci si podle konvencionalistů mohou vybrat teorie na základě měkkých kritérií, protože teorie nikdy nejsou předepisovány zkušeností. Konvencionalimus je, jak jednou poznamenal stoupenec jeho radikální varianty, Édouard Le Roy, "filozofii svobody." Konvencionalismus by však neměl být považován za homogenní proud. Konvencionalisté se v podstatných ohledech různí v názorech na příčiny empirické poddeterminovanosti, což je i důvodem, proč je příhodnější hovořit o variantách konvencionalismu. Předložený článek je pokusem vymezit dvě základní varianty konvencionalismu: instrumentalismus a konstruktivismus.
Vykořisťovat
Authors: Tomeček Marek
Published: April 2024

Porovnáním významu slovesa vykořisťovat v 19. a 20. století odhalíme jeho dramatickou proměnu: z pojmu neutrálního se stává pojem silně záporný a objevuje se v okolí nových slov jako kapitalista, měšťák, proletář. Tento průnik Marxova idiolektu do češtiny (a do jiných jazyků) s sebou nese několik otázek: proč vnímá Marx tyto pojmy tak vyhraněně? Z jaké pozice, když odmítá morálku jako buržoazní přežitek, odsuzuje vykořisťování? Jeho eschatologicko-dějinný rámec umožňuje čistě negativní polaritu slovesa vykořisťovat a také, bohužel, zakládá jeho autogenocidní potenciál. When comparing the meaning of the verb to exploit between the nineteenth and twentieth century we discover a dramatic transformation: from a neutral term it becomes a purely negative one and collocates with new words such as capitalist, bourgeoisie, proletarian. This penetration of the idiolect of Marx into Czech (as well as other languages) raises several questions: why does Marx use these words in such a categorical way? From what position, having rejected morality as a bourgeois prejudice, does he condemn exploitation? We find that it is his apocalyptic historical frame which enables the purely negative polarity of the verb to exploit as well as its autogenocidal potential.
Précis knihy Jaké to je, nebo o čem to je? Místo vědomí v materiálním světě
Authors: Hříbek Tomáš
Published: April 2024

Článek sumarizuje obsah mé nedávno vydané knihy Jaké to je, nebo o čem to je? Místo vědomí v materiálním světě (2017). Jak napovídá podtitul, tématem knihy je filosofie vědomí. V současné literatuře má většina účastníků na mysli tzv. fenomenální charaktery, přičemž hlavní spor se vede mezi dualisty a materialistyo to, zda jsou to materiální vlastnosti. Dokonce i russelliánští monisté, kteří se jinak prezentují jako alternativa vůči dualismu i materialismu, akceptují pojem fenomenálního charakteru. Já mám o tomto pojmu pochybnosti, jež vyjadřuji v šesté kapitole knihy, jíž proto v článku věnuji nejvíce místa. Navzdory většinovému mínění mám za to, že ohledně obsahu pojmu fenomenálního charakteru ve skutečnosti nebylo dosaženo žádné shody. Podobně jako Daniel Dennett, tudíž doporučuji pokusit se o filosofii vědomí bez pojmu fenomenálního charakteru. Jak známo, Dennett – do jisté míry podobně jako někteří výše zmínění materialisté – navrhuje redukovat vědomí prostřednictvím pojmu reprezentace. Já však končím o poznání skeptičtěji než Dennett, protože v návaznosti na svou předchozí knihu Metafyzika antiindividualismu (2008) soudím, že naturalistická teorie reprezentace je nekoherentní.
Causality Between Exchange Rates, Economic Growth and Inflation in Indonesia
Authors: Aprilia Elisa , Hidayat Ariodillah , Asngari Imam
Published: April 2024

The primary objective of this study is to examine the causal relationships among exchange rates, economic growth, and inflation in Indonesia. The data used in this research is secondary data with time series data for the period 2000 to 2019, obtained from the Bank Indonesia, Indonesia Central Bureau of Statistics, and World Bank. The method used in this research is Granger Causality. The outcomes of the analysis reveal a bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and the exchange rate in the short term, as well as between inflation and the exchange rate. An appreciation of a country's exchange rate of one percent has an impact on changes in the overall price of goods, while an increase in the inflation rate causes a depreciation of the exchange rate. The relationship between inflation and economic growth shows that there is a one-way causal relationship, namely that inflation affects economic growth but not vice versa. These findings have significant policy implications, indicating that the Indonesian government needs to prioritize efforts to control inflation to support sustainable economic growth. Therefore, it is necessary to implement appropriate monetary and fiscal policies to maintain price stability and encourage balanced economic growth in Indonesia.
Advancing Women’s Empowerment: Influential Factors in The Educational Sector of Jordan
Authors: Albaddawi Eman Awad
Published: April 2024

Women’s empowerment is crucial in creating a more equitable society, breaking gender barriers, and fostering sustainable growth by harnessing the talents and contributions of women, especially in the education sector. The percentage of women in the labor force in Jordan is among the lowest worldwide; thus, there is a need to examine the factors affecting this phenomenon. The presented study aims to examine the underlying factors that impact women's empowerment in Jordan’s education sector. The selected factors were economic needs, job efficiency, leadership, social needs, organizational commitment, organizational satisfaction, and public policy. The study used convenience sampling to collect data. A survey questionnaire was the main technique for data collection. In total, 367 questionnaires were distributed to women who occupy administrative positions; 311 questionnaires were systematically gathered (84.7% response rate). Structural equation modeling was set as the basis of analysis. The results suggested that economic needs, job efficiency, leadership, social needs, organizational commitment, organizational satisfaction, and public policy have a positive direct impact on women's empowerment in Jordan’s education sector. Further studies are encouraged to confirm the findings by taking the background of the respondents into account.
The Influence of Augmented Reality Face Filter Addiction on Online Social Anxiety: A Stimulus-Organism-Response Perspective
Authors: Alfi Syakir Muhammad , Ayu Maharani Shafira , Ekaharja Putra Yobelio , Wuri Handayani Putu , Rahadi Asih Sali
Published: April 2024

Aim/Purpose: This study aims to analyze the factors that influence user addiction to AR face filters in social network applications and their impact on the online social anxiety of users in Indonesia.

Background: To date, social media users have started to use augmented reality (AR) face filters. However, AR face filters have the potential to create positive and negative effects for social media users. The study combines the Big Five Model (BFM), Sense of Virtual Community (SVOC), and Stimuli, Organism, and Response (SOR) frameworks. We adopted the SOR theory by involving the personality factors and SOVC factors as stimuli, addiction as an organism, and social anxiety as a response. BFM is the most significant theory related to personality.

Methodology: We used a quantitative approach for this study by using an online survey. We conducted research on 903 Indonesian respondents who have used an AR face filter feature at least once. The respondents were grouped into three categories: overall, new users, and old users. In this study, group classification was carried out based on the development timeline of the AR face filter in the social network application. This grouping was carried out to facilitate data analysis as well as to determine and compare the different effects of the factors in each group. The data were analyzed using the covariance-based structural equation model through the AMOS 26 program.

Contribution: This research fills the gap in previous research which did not discuss much about the impact of addiction in using AR face filters on online social anxiety of users of social network applications.

Findings: The results of this study indicated neuroticism, membership, and immersion influence AR face filter addiction in all test groups. In addition, ARA has a significant effect on online social anxiety.

Recommendations for Practitioners: The findings are expected to be valuable to social network service providers and AR creators in improving their services and to ensure policies related to the list of AR face filters that are appropriate for use by their users as a form of preventing addictive behavior of that feature.

Recommendation for Researchers: This study suggested other researchers consider other negative impacts of AR face filters on aspects such as depression, life satisfaction, and academic performance.

Impact on Society: AR face filter users may experience changes in their self-awareness in using face filters and avoid the latter’s negative impacts.

Future Research: Future research might explore other impacts from AR face filter addiction behavior, such as depression, life satisfaction, and so on. Apart from that, future research might investigate the positive impact of AR face filters to gain a better understanding of the impact of AR face filters.
Experience in conservation and management of bison population in Belarus
Authors: Heshtaut P. , Shakun V.
Published: April 2024

The current state of the bison population in the world and Belarus is reflected. Its historical range and reasons for the decline in numbers are given. Measures to preserve the bison and restore its numbers are described. The population dynamics of the species and the spatial distribution of micropopulations in Belarus are reflected. It has been determined that the most pressing problem associated with the conservation and management of the population is its uneven distribution throughout the country. It has been established that about 70% of the species’ population is concentrated in just 3 micropopulations, and one of the threats to the further existence of the bison.
Simulasi Pengaruh Jumlah Palang Rim Sepeda Motor Terhadap Equivalent von Mises stress dan Safety Factor Menggunakan Software Ansys
Authors: Dwilingga I. , Sugiman S. , Catur A.D.
Published: April 2024

Rim or wheels have various types of model designs and the number of spokes. Therefore, those wheels can have a different response on each rim model when subjected to loads such as impact loads. In this simulation, impact load testing is carried out on the rim, with variations of 4 types of geometry where this geometry differs in the design of the number of spokes. By finding the Safety Factor value on each rim,  the most optimal rim design can be determined. Explicit Dynamics can solve this problem because the impact on the simulation occurs in a very short time. In this study, the design of a cast wheel type motorcycle rim with spokes number of 5, 6, 10 and 12 with a uniformly applied impact speed of 10 km/h. The rim material used was aluminum 6061 T6 and the projectile material used was aluminum alloy. The designed rim has a diameter of 35.56 cm and a width of 4.01 cm and a mass of 2415 gram. Solidworks and Ansys software based on the finite element method were used to make it easier to design cast wheel rims. By using this software, the rim can be designed so that it can be analyzed for stresses and strains that occur when simulating impact loads on the rim plane. The simulation results show that rims with spoke 10 and 12 are categorized as safe because they have a lower average stress value than rims 5 and 6 and have a Safety Factor value above 1. In other words, rims with 10 and 12 number of spokes are the optimal design in terms of cost and strength.
Analisa sifat mekanik material logam melalui pemodelan dan simulasi uji tarik berdasarkan metode elemen hingga
Authors: Susanto A. , Mahendra M.T. , Andriyani R.P.
Published: April 2024

Mechanical properties of material are attributes that should be known by engineers and product designers to determine the suitability of the structure being designed. One of the ways to determine the mechanical properties of a material is generally conducted by well-known tensile test. By the test, it will inform the elastic, plastic and fracture areas are known in the strain-stress diagram. Apart from that, the yield strength and maximum tensile strength can also be observed. The obstacle factor in experimentally tensile testing is the expensive costs, both for renting and procuring a tensile testing machine, which is called universal testing machine (UTM). This research aims to provide an alternative tensile test method, namely modeling and simulation techniques based on the finite element method (FEM). The workpiece material applied was ST37 Steel. This material is widely utilized in various types of industry, including the automotive, railway, and construction industries. The results show that the simulation can display all events that tensile tests may not be able to display experimentally, such as information on stress distribution and also elongation during the test. In addition, the mechanical properties of the ST37 material were obtained, including the yield strength of the material (yield point, Y) and the maximum tensile strength (ultimate tensile strength, σmax) which were 812.3 and 928.1 MPa, respectively.
CENSO PET 2023: A REALIDADE DO PROGRAMA DE EDUCAÇÃO TUTORIAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Santos Alice Rodrigues dos , Jerônimo Taciana de Barros , LEAL VITORIA DE SA
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo aborda a organização dos dados do Censo PET realizado no ano de 2022 pelo PET Mentor Aprendiz da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. O PET visa incentivar o aperfeiçoamento acadêmico
ATENDIMENTO INICIAL AO POLITRAUMATIZADO FORA DO AMBIENTE HOSPITALAR
Authors: Rosique Daniel Abrantes , Freitas Cecília Cognetti , Trassi Leonardo Francisco Machado
Published: April 2024

O atendimento ao paciente politraumatizado na emergência médica é um desafio para muitos profissionais, visto que tal paciente está sob alto risco de vida. Dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde estima
REDUÇÃO DE DANOS E DO CONSUMO DE CIGARRO ELETRÔNICO ENTRE JOVENS: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Madruga Bruno Matheus , COSTA MARILEUSA FONTANA DA , Vargas Marli Leal de , Age Monica De Paula Pereira Da Silva , Ribeiro Maria Gabrielle
Published: April 2024

Educação em Saúde é de suma importância para a redução do uso e consequentemente das patologias decorrentes do consumo desenfreado do cigarro eletrônico.
The influence of culture and heritage on interior aesthetics
Authors: Anthony Dornubari Enwin
Published: April 2024

Contemporary interior design, while propelled by evolving trends and technological advancements, often overlooks the profound influence of culture and heritage on aesthetic preferences and spatial arrangements. This oversight diminishes the authenticity of designed spaces and undermines their ability to resonate with diverse communities. This paper seeks to bridge this gap by conducting a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationship between culture, heritage, and interior aesthetics. Drawing from a rich array of case studies and theoretical frameworks, it delves into how cultural heritage shapes design decisions, ranging from the layout of spaces to the selection of materials and furnishings. Through thematic analysis and synthesis of existing literature, the paper elucidates the diverse ways in which cultural heritage enriches interior design practice. By celebrating and integrating diverse cultural influences, spaces can be created that are not only visually captivating but also deeply meaningful and inclusive. This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing insights and guidelines for designers to embrace cultural heritage in their practice, fostering greater authenticity and inclusivity in interior design.
Fungi found in association with discoloured wood of kiwifruit vines in New Zealand
Authors: Tyson Joy L. , Mellow Kieran D.
Published: April 2024

Vine decline and trunk diseases have been observed in New Zealand kiwifruit orchards since the year 2000. In 2019, a block of Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ vines that were being re-grafted was noted to have differences in colouration of the internal wood of the cut trunks, with dark cores often corresponding with less vigorous vines and/or vines with trunk disorders. Cross-sections of 10 symptomatic and 10 externally asymptomatic trunks were taken from 1–1.5 m above the soil and fungal isolations made across the width of the trunks. Fungi found within the symptomatic vines included Neobulgaria alba, Ilyonectria spp., Neonectria microconidia, Gliomastix murorum, Clonostachys sp. and Penicillium sp. There was a wide variety of symptoms and fungal profiles seen. However, Neobulgaria alba often closely matched the stained areas seen in the wood and was not recovered from the asymptomatic vines. The most common fungus in the asymptomatic vines was Chaetomium sp. These isolations revealed a group of fungal genera that were associated with diseased trunks of kiwifruit at this site. Pathogenicity testing is needed to confirm which of these fungi are secondary invaders and which are primary pathogens of this host.
Theoretical and methodological recommendations on the organization of Russian language teaching in schools in the new regions of Russia
Authors: Sheglova Inna Vladimirovna
Published: April 2024

The study aims to elaborate theoretical and methodological recommendations on the organization of Russian language teaching in schools in the new regions of Russia. The paper identifies the key features of Russian language proficiency among schoolchildren in the new regions of Russia. The fundamental pedagogical problem is outlined: the unformed Russian linguistic worldview among children in these territories. The scientific novelty of the work lies in defining the notion of a “compression approach” to teaching Russian to schoolchildren in the new regions of Russia and substantiating the relevance of its implementation in the school educational process. As a result, the author proposes the directions of work for the school teaching staff in the context of the specified approach with the aim of accelerated and high-quality learning in the system of teaching Russian as a native language. The need for the development of the school course “Russian as a functional language” is substantiated and the types of tasks that will contribute to the development of speech skills in reading, speaking, listening and, most importantly, to the formation of the Russian linguistic worldview within the framework of this course are determined.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Matematika Berbantuan Adobe Flash Profesional untuk Meningkatkan Minat dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik SMP di Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Fadilah Irma Mardiyati , Rahman Sidiq Aulia , Nazwa Ainun , Kosasih Usep , Maulina Dhita Nur , Makiah Umi
Published: April 2024

This research was conducted because of the low interest and results of students' mathematics learning. In addition, there is no learning media that is interesting and produces student learning. The purpose of this research is to describe the characteristics of professional interactive mathematics learning media assisted by Adobe Flash to increase the interest and learning outcomes of junior high school students. The research method uses the Rzz&D method and experiments with the Dick and Carrey research design. The subjects of this study were class VII junior high school students. The instruments used were validation sheets, student response questionnaires to the media, learning interest questionnaires, and student learning achievement tests. The media corresponded to the problem-based learning model and the discovery learning model. good characteristics to increase interest and learning outcomes and have valid, practical, and effective media qualities.