bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hard Problem of Illusion
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Gorbachev Maxim D.
Published: April 2022

The hard problem of consciousness, which consists in the need for a non-func­tional explanation of subjective experience as a possibility to have subjective ex­perience at all, while focusing on attempts to give this explanation, often loses sight of consciousness itself and its phenomenality, the real way of existence of which is assumed as a given. Illusionism replaces the hard problem of con­sciousness with the problem of illusion, which implies the need to explain how and why judgments about phenomenal consciousness are possible. Thus, illu­sionism as a theory of consciousness looks primarily at consciousness itself, tak­ing into account another possibility of explaining its existence – an illusion, a be­lief caused by the disposition to form such a belief and its formation in the course of introspective distortion of internal states during the process of their representation. That is, the internal states themselves are not illusory – they exist. But we systematically distort them. In this regard, qualia, along with conscious­ness, become an illusion, which is formed by a person based on these disposi­tions, which determine the qualitative part of our perception. Illusionism can be­come a tool for explaining not only the possibilities of qualia, but also why they are largely individual.
Competing Projects of Socialism in the USSR during the Period of Political Romanticism. Part 1. Politeconomy of Socialism: Project or Simulacrum?
Authors:   Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orekhovsky Petr A. , Varkhotov Taras A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Koshovets Olga B. ,   Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2022

The paper examines public discussions on the political economy of socialism and the socialist project in general, which began after the death of I. Stalin and continued until 1973. The pragmatic and romantic lines of understanding social­ism and attitudes towards communism are highlighted. The position of the “pragmatists” is presented in the first textbook of political economy published in 1954. Eventually it retained the possibility of transforming Soviet socialism into a market economy. Actually, this possibility was implemented in China in the late 1970s. However, in the USSR, it provoked dead resistance. At the level of the party system and related political economists, the goal was to interpret eco­nomic phenomena within the orthodox version of Marxism. On the contrary, the “romantics” such as E. Ilyenkov defended the most radical project of building a future communist society, which would make it possible to overcome the divi­sion of labor and the related alienation still seen under the actual socialism. It is a historical paradox that romantic projects imposed the evolution of the USSR along the “Chinese path”.
Metaphorical Interpretations of the Alchemical Language in the Late Taoist Text (based on Long men xin fa, 17 c.)
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Lenkov Pavel D.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the history of the hermeneutics of the language of Taoist alchemy. Traditional Taoist practices, which in European scientific literature are usually called «Taoist alchemy», are divided into two types in Chinese culture, namely, wai dan («external alchemy») and nei dan («internal alchemy»). Both branches are united by the declared goal (achievement of «immortality») and spe­cific alchemical terminology and imagery. The article deals with the metaphorical interpretation of the terms and expressions of the alchemical language in the late Taoist text. The main source text is the text of the 17th century Lun men xin fa (The Law of the Heart-Consciousness [according to the Tradition] Longmen), which outlined the views of Wang Changyue (Kunyang-zi), master of the Taoist school Quanzhen/Longmen. A notable feature of Wang Changyue's sermons is that he in­terprets expressions typical of the language of the Taoist, and in particular, the al­chemical tradition, through the language of the Buddhist tradition. In the later pe­riod, as can be seen in the text under study, the expressions and terms of internal alchemy, metaphorical in nature, underwent a secondary metaphorical interpreta­tion. It is called «secondary» for the reason that the language of inner alchemy was already metaphorical in nature. The article examines two examples of the interpre­tation of the alchemical language in the sermons of Wang Changyue. The article also provides a historical and philosophical assessment of the interpretation of the alchemical language proposed by Wang Changyue. This interpretation represents a spiritualized and “Buddhized” version of Taoism. The article includes fragments of Long men xin fa, first translated in Russian, illustrating the observations of the author of the article.
The Evolutionary and Psychological Debunking of Moral Principles as an Ethical Problem
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prokofyev Andrey V.
Published: April 2022

The paper analyzes a potential impact of evolutionary and psychological studies of moral consciousness on normative ethics. Recently some philosophers tried to debunk particular moral principles as reflecting the evolutionary developed heuristics. They supposed that the genealogy of such principles prevents us from considering them objective criteria of right and wrong. The most telling example of this strategy is the conception of Joshua Green who tried to establish a con­nection between deontological moral principles and “our dual-process moral brains”. Deontological principles, according to Green, are no more than a cogni­tive reflection of the automatic alarm-system against the in-group violence, the system concentrated on “up close and personal” harmful acts and harming that immediately included into plans of actors. This focus is rooted in obsolete evolu­tionary conditions and some cognitive limits that do not have any independent moral meaning. The author of the paper defends the thesis that the evolutionary and psychological debunking of particular moral principles is a dubious strategy because 1) it inescapably turns into the debunking of morality itself (the total de­bunking), 2) it makes normative ethics too dependent on the changing and con­tradictory empirical data. The special attention was paid to the attempt of Peter Singer and Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek to transform the intention of the total de­bunking into the key to the justification of morality. In their opinion, the skepti­cal testing of every moral principle allows to establish the unquestionable core of morality, though this core is not independent from pressures of evolution. It fol­lows that 1) the justification of morality should rest on the immediate experience of practical reflection, 2) the evolutionary and psychological data does not de­bunk particular moral principles but only calls them into question
Analysis of Social Phenomena Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   University of Montenegro, Rakonyats Miomirka , Zhivkovich Predrag ,   University of Montenegro, Radelich Branislav ,   Necnettun Erbakan University Konya, Bakrach Vladimir ,   University of Montenegro
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we put emphasis on three important social segments that came to the fore during the pandemic of COVID-19. It is about the phenomenon of a disciplined subject, the phenomenon of alienation and the phenomenon of death. We approached the analysis of the phenomenon of a disciplined subject, taking into account the recommendations of the health authorities, concerning quarantine, self-isolation and social exclusion, which in a short period of time puts under control people’s need for belonging, socializing and respect. Such an organization emphasizes the phenomenon of alienation of people, with spe­cial emphasis on the culture of fear for oneself and the Other. We analyzed the social aspect of death which is interpreted as statistical fact for which ideologi­cal and biochemical coverage is provided, and the same does not oppose what Baudrillard marks as the order of political economy. The social phenomena we have pointed out are significantly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, but their origin is not related to the beginning of the pandemic, but has its foundations in establishing a capitalist mode of production that served as the initial trigger for the phenomenon of alienation, but also interpreting human lives as statisti­cal facts.
Kant’s Lectures on Logic and Their Significance for Сontemporary Kant Studies
Authors:   Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Kryshtop Ludmila E.
Published: April 2022

The article concerns Kantian logic manuscripts, dating from the early 80s. Such manuscripts include Vienna Logic, Hechsel Logic, Hoffmann Logic, Pölitz Logic, as well as Warsaw Logic and Volckmann Logic. The article sequentially exam­ines the main textological features of these manuscripts, presents the history of their discovery and study. Particular attention is paid to resolving the issue of dating, which is one of the main problems in dealing with this type of sources and playing a key role in determining their significance for the study of the Cri­tique of Pure Reason. The article presents the main points of view on the dating of these manuscripts that existed up to the present time, presents the grounds for their dating in the early 80s. In logic lectures several aspects are highlighted that can be useful in studying the philosophical system of Kant. The most significant of them are the reflections on the division of logic into analytics and dialectics, presented in lecture courses, and the consideration of this division through the canon-organon terminological pair. This division is absent in the Maier’s com­pendium, which indicates that this division is originally a Kantian innovation. Comparison with earlier lecture notes suggests that this approach took shape only in the 70s, most likely under the influence of Lambert.
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi and the Moscow School of the Ecclesiastical-Academic Philosophy of the XIX Century Part I. Jacobi and Feodor A. Golubinsky
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Kotsiuba Viacheslav I.
Published: April 2022

The article provides a comparative analysis of the philosophical views of Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi and professor of philosophy of the Moscow Theo­logical Academy of the first half of the 19th century Feodor A. Golubinsky, reveals the similarity of the positions of both thinkers in distinguishing and under­standing of the Understanding and Reason as a discursive and contemplative ability, in the doctrine of the ideas of Reason, in a positive assessment of Pla­to’s philosophy, in the defense of theism and criticism of pantheism. The arti­cle examines in detail Jacobi’s thesis about the depending of theism and natu­ralism on certain theories of knowledge, his assessment of the teachings of Kant. The differences between Jacobi and Golubinsky in the name and charac­teristics of the Absolute are also revealed. The question of Jacobi’s attitude to the concept of infinity and of possible influences on Golubinsky, in whose phi­losophy the idea of the Infinite has become central, is specially considered. In this regard, the views of Friedrich Bouterwek and Pierre Poiret are ana­lyzed. It is concluded that the main provisions of Jacobi’s doctrine of the rea­son and its ideas become a characteristic feature of the ecclesiastical-academic philosophy of the first half of the 19th century.
Digitalization of Educational Space: Emotional Risks and Effects
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, Khrapov Sergey A. , Baeva Liudmila V. ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the systemic problem of digitalization of the educational space, understanding its emotional risks and effects. The authors identified the fol­lowing emotional risks of digitalization of the educational space: 1) emotional alienation of students from classmates and teachers; 2) emotional deprivation caused by the “digital divide”; 3) emotional exhaustion due to information over­load and the dominance of visual-figurative perception of educational material; 4) emotional anxiety due to the totalization of digital control over the results of ed­ucational and extracurricular activities of students; 5) emotional deformations caused by the instability of students’ self-esteem. The article emphasizes the proba­bilistic nature of these emotional risks. The authors also pay special attention to identifying a number of emotional effects of the digitalization of the educational space: 1) emotional euphoria from wide access to digital learning among those who previously, for various reasons, did not have a full opportunity to receive a classical education; 2) emotional involvement of people with developmental dis­abilities in the digital educational process; 3) emotional positivity of students from the expansion of opportunities for entering secondary specialized and higher edu­cational institutions through digital technologies; 4) emotional connection with the participants of educational forums and other electronic educational resources; 5) emotional inspiration of students when they receive opportunities to form indi­vidual learning paths through digital technologies. The result of the study is propos­als on ways to level the emotional risks of digitalization of the educational space.
Xun Yue’s Ideas about Human Nature
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Titov Konstantin S.
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the analysis of the concept of human nature (xing) in the doctrine of the Confucian philosopher and historian Xun Yue (148–209), who lived during the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty (23–220 AD). The author ana­lyzes the Xun Yue's ideas in the context of the historical development of ideas about human nature among the previous thinkers. Based on the existing sources, the article considers the changes in discourse in Han philosophy compared to the pre-Qin period: rejection of the idea of the unity of human nature, absolutization of the concepts of “good” and “bad”, active expansion of the conceptual frame­work, borrowing a number of ideas from other teachings, regular appeal to the authority of Confucius. The author points out a distinctive feature of Xun Yue’s views, namely, philosophical inclusivism: in the developing his own concept of human nature Xun Yue used the most appropriate positions and ideas of other thinkers. As a basis, he took a statement that perhaps he himself attributed to Liu Xiang. The article also analyzes an idea of the ontologizing of good and bad (as phenomena that exist outside of human nature), which was borrowed by Xun Yue and was used to explain various behavioral manifestations of human. The author shows Xun Yue’s commitment to certain trends that were peculiar to the philosophical thought in Han philosophy, for example, the division of human nature into three types and the use of yin-yang concepts in the discourse.
“Celestial Lady with a Hat of Hair”: About the Life and Daoist Activities of Tian Xian-gu
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belaya Irina V.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of the female spiritual path in the Daoist school of Complete Perfection (Quanzhen). The Quanzhen school was famous for actively attracting followers, regardless of gender and social status. One example of lower-class women who converted to Daoism and became abbess of monasteries was the Daoist Tian Xian-gu. For twenty years, she did not comb or wash her hair, collecting it upstairs in a high hairstyle, for which she received the nickname “Celestial Lady with a Hat of Hair” (Fa-guan Xian-gu). Despite the fact that Tian Xian-gu came from a peasant family, thanks to her eccentric appearance and extraordinary abilities, she was worshiped as a saint and a temple was erected in her honor. In memory of her Daoist deeds, the Stele conferring the highest decree [on the monastic abode of the name] “The Palace of Ultimate Perfection and Endless Longevity” (Chi ci Jizhen wanshou gong bei) was installed in it by the Yuan scholar and writer Zhang Yang-hao (1270–1329) which served as the source of this study. The most important mile­stones of her spiritual path, listed on the stele, such as reclusion, begging, asceticism, purification of the heart, are explained through the poetic and prosaic instructions of the first patriarchs of the Quanzhen school. The ques­tions of improving the Daoists nuns in the point of view of the philosophical, religious, social, historical and cultural ideas that existed in the medieval China and had a great influence on the further evolution of Daoism and its institution of monasticism are studied on the example of the female monastic tradition in XIII–XIV centuries.
Idea of Time and Scientific Picture of the World
Authors:   S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Aksenov Guennady P.
Published: April 2022

The scientific picture of the world was first presented by Galileo. He introduced the uniform world time as a parameter into the description of the motion of bod­ies. The central paradigm of the 17th century scientific revolution adopted by the scientific community on this basis was rational, but described a strictly mechani­cal picture of the universe, in which there was no place for man and all other liv­ing beings. By the end of the XX century in the course of the further evolution of knowledge, it became clear that the classical theory of the uniform time of the Universe does not correspond to the newly discovered physical facts. The theory of relativity overcame this difficulty by adopting the concept of “local times” in inertial reference frames. However, in a discussion with Albert Einstein, the French philosopher Henri Bergson showed that the theory of relativity by no means proved the multiplicity of time. On the contrary, SRT secretly uses a single universal time, but its source is not classical, but another – the course of a per­son’s inner life. Following Bergson, Academician Vladimir Vernadsky adopted the biological nature of time and thereby introduced life into the picture of the Universe. At the same time, Vernadsky argued that biospheric cosmology should not turn into absolute cosmogony. The Universe has no beginning and its laws do not change. Therefore, the actual structure of the universe testifies to its infinity in time. It is described as limited or private models by groups of scientific disci­plines. The general idea of the world should be left to the categorical thinking of philosophy or that sense of the integrity of the world that religion possesses. It is philosophy that can use descriptive and experimental knowledge and scientific models of the cosmos obtained on its basis.
Locke and Revolution
Authors:   Independent researcher, Yakovlev Anatoly A.
Published: April 2022

John Locke suggests that all mеn in natural state are free and equal, their conduct regulated by natural law, or the law of reason. Unable to cope with offenders people enter original compact and then set up a trust-based government. When­ever government proves to be incompetent, or regularly abuses trust, or puts it­self outside civil society; and whilst obedience means demise of men and nation, individuals and civil society realize their natural right of resistance to preserve their lives, liberties, and estates, as well as the common good of the country and of all mankind. Locke voices his major political ideas in his “Two treatises of government”, where he argues for the right of William of Orange to the English throne using the concepts of trust and prerogative.
Nuclear activation in dual-durotaxing cells on a matrix with cell-scale stiffness-heterogeneity
Authors: Kidoaki Satoru , Ebata Hiroyuki , Moriyama Kosuke , Kuboki Thasaneeya , Tsuji Yukie , Sawada Rumi , Sasaki Saori , Okuda Tatsuya , Hamano Kosuke , Kawano Takahito , Yamamoto Aki , Kono Ken , Tanaka Kazusa
Published: April 2022

Living organisms are typically composed of various tissues with microscopic cell-scale stiffness-heterogeneity, in which some cells receive dynamically fluctuating mechanical stimuli from the heterogeneous extracellular milieu during long-term movement. Although intracellular stress dynamics (ISD), which are closely related to the regulation of cell functions such as proliferation and differentiation, can be characteristically modulated in cells migrating on a matrix with stiffness-heterogeneity, it has been unclear how the mode of fluctuation of ISD affects cell functions. In the present study, we demonstrate that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) dual-durotaxing (i.e., both forward and reverse durotaxis) on microelastically-patterned gels with stiff triangular domains markedly amplify the fluctuation of ISD, nuclear shape, and the spatial distribution of chromatins, which makes the cells remain far from tensional equilibrium. We provide evidence that amplified chromatin fluctuation in the dual-durotaxing MSCs can cause activation of cellular vigor and maintenance of the stemness.
Predictors of delayed consultation in undescended testis patients at a Rwandan referral hospital
Authors: Bonane Alexis , Nshimiyimana Alexis , Nzeyimana Innocent , Nyirimodoka Alexandre , Muhawenimana Emmanuel , Hategekimana Theobald , Rickard Jennifer
Published: April 2022

PurposeTo identify the causes of delayed consultation of patients with undescended testis (UDT) at a Rwandan referral hospital.MethodsThis was a retrospective descriptive study of patients with delayed UDT from 2012 – 2016. Delayed UDT was defined as any patient presenting with UDT at >1 year of age. Relevant data was extracted from patients’ files.ResultsOver the study period, there were 44 cases of delayed presentation of UDT. Most patients (n=35, 80%) were born at a hospital and 9 (21%) were born at home. Most (n=29, 65%) parents had primary level of education, 6 (14%) secondary level, 1 (2%) university level, and 8 (18%) never went to school.Overall, 16 (36%) patients reported that they delayed due to ignorance, 12 (27%) due to poor physical examination at birth, 7 (16%) due to poor guidance, 4 (9%) due to poverty and 5 (11%) due to long appointments. Patients born at home were more likely to identify ignorance as a reason for delayed presentation (p=0.007). Of the 16 patients who delayed due to ignorance, 12 parents had primary level of education and 3 had no education.Most (n=34, 77%) patients were fertile during their adulthood, but 9 (21%) presented with infertility and 1 (2%) presented with testicular torsion.ConclusionA number of reasons are responsible for delayed consultation in patients with UDT including ignorance, poor physical examination at birth by physicians, poor guidance, and poverty. Most causes are preventable. Henceforth, urgent need for population awareness on UDT and collaboration between physicians is paramount for early consult and timely management.
Interleukin-35 controls the balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of progenitor cells
Authors: Li Yuxuan , Wang Xiaofei , Lu Jing
Published: April 2022

Aims: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are able to differentiate into several cell types, including cartilage, fat, and bone. It has been reported that the decision process of MSCs into fat and bone cells is competing and reciprocal. Interleukin (IL)-35 is an important effector protein in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that acts as a bone metabolism regulator. However, it is unclear whether IL-35 is also important for regulating MSCs differentiation to fat and bone.Methods: In current study, we evaluated the role of IL-35 in C3H10T1/2 cells, which are a good cell model for investigating osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone-marrows. The role of IL-35 on MSCs proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using cell counting kit -8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Extracellular matrix mineralization and lipid accumulation were measured by Alizarin red S staining and Oil-red O staining, respectively. The most important transcription factor of the process of osteogenesis Runx2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway components β-catenin and Axin2 were investigated in response to IL-35 treatment. Furthermore, the adipogenic markers PPAR-γ and C/EBPα were also investigated.Results: Our observations showed that IL-35 could promote the proliferation of MSCs and inhibit the apoptosis of MSCs. We found that IL-35 treatment resulted in a dramatic stimulation of osteogenesis and inhibition of adipogenesis. Moreover, IL-35 enhanced Wnt/β-catenin pathway key component β-catenin as well as Axin2 expression during MSCs differentiated to osteoblasts.Conclusions: Our findings suggested that IL-35 might control the balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of progenitor cells through Wnt/β-catenin-PPARγ signaling pathway, suggesting its potential application in providing an intervention in osteoporosis and obesity.
Effect of Nursing Guidelines on First-year Nursing Students' Knowledge and Reported practice Towards Sensory Impairments among Elderly
Authors: Abdelnasser Nadia , Abdelaziz Saieda Abd Elhameed , El-Gamal Sara Mohamed Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Background: Sensory impairments are more common among older adults. In addition to its consequences on activities of daily livings and communication with others. It has remained major public health issues throughout the whole world. The study aimed to assess effect of nursing guidelines on first-year nursing students' knowledge and reported practice towards sensory impairment among elderly. Method: A quasi-experimental (Pre- post-test) research design was utilized in this study, and it was carried out at three faculties of nursing affiliated to the following Universities; Assiut, South Valley and Tanta. A purposive sample (531) of the first-year nursing students in the three previous mentioned faculties were concluded. The study was conducted in four phases; Assessment, Nursing guidelines development, An nursing guidelines implementation, and Post-test after one month. Online questionnaire was developed by the researchers includes three parts to collect the required data. Student t-tests and ANOVA test were used to compare means. For qualitative data, comparison was done using chi-square. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for detecting the relations between continuous variables of the study. A significant was adopted at P value < 0.05 for interpretation of results of significance. Results: There is a statistically significant differences between the studied subjects means score knowledge and reported practice about the five senses among elderly in the pre- and the post-tests, (P = 0.001).Conclusion: The levels of the first-year nursing students’ knowledge and reported practice of the studied sample in the previous mentioned three universities towards sensory impairment among elderly were improved after implementation of the nursing guidelines.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the tissue-specific immune signatures of lung cancer with COPD overlapped
Authors: Meng Heng , Chang Jiwei , Wang# Bo , Geng Boxin , He Ruyuan , Hao Bo , Lin Weichen , Song Congkuan , Li Ning , Geng Qing
Published: April 2022

COPD is one of the high-risk factors for lung cancer, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on three COPD tissues, and three COPD-based lung cancer tissue (LCCOPD), and enrolled the scRNA-seq data of normal lung tissues, COPD tissues, lung cancer tissues, and LCCOPD tissues from the public database. We found that most immune cell types were significantly enriched in COPD groups, and the LCCOPD showed a differential enrichment of T-regs and macrophage subtypes in comparison with COPD. FOXP3 mRNA expression was significantly increased in LCOPD-related T-regs and positively associated with CTLA-4 and PD-1 to form an immunosuppressive environment. Macrophages from different pathological environments show significant differences in cell composition, pseudo-time trajectories, and phenotypic dominance. COPD-related macrophages were dominated by M1-type with increased cell proliferation. LCCOPD-related macrophages, dominated by M2-type and tumor-associated macrophages, had progressively enhanced immune population chemotaxis along the trajectory. Based on the public data, we found the overlap of COPD accelerated infiltration of T-regs and M2 macrophages. Several metabolic and cytokine pathways were down-regulated in COPD tissues and up-regulated in LCCOPD groups, such as the SREBP pathway, IL2, IFN-γ, glycolysis, and glutamine metabolism. Our study provided an extensive description of lung cancer overlapping COPD and revealed the association between COPD status and the formation of an immunosuppressive environment, which elucidates the role of COPD, as a high-risk factor, in the development of lung cancer.
Clinical Effectiveness of Perioperative EPO combine with Iron sucrose Treatment in Total Knee Arthroplasty Surgery：Not blinded， prospective randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety
Authors: Lu Jun , Yusufu Yalikun , Ren Ke , Li Yong gang , Wang Chen
Published: April 2022

Trial design: This study prospectively analyzes the effect of EPO combined with Iron sucrose on postoperative anemia prevention and prognosis of patients with TKA. Methods: Participants in this study will be randomly assigned to a treatment group or control group. Patients in the treatment group will receive EPO for ten days combined with iron sucrose injection for three days preoperative. The general data, hematological indexes, transfusion rate, total blood loss, and knee joint function score will be analyzed. Results: 92 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 46 patients in the treatment group and 46 in the control group. There were no significant statistical differences in descriptive characteristics of the population between the two groups. The results indicated that the anemic rate of the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group after treatment (67.4%vs93.5%, P=0.001). The hematological index also has a significant difference in the two groups, such as Postoperative Hb, RBC count, Hct. The treatment group, perioperative blood loss, was significantly lower than the control group (587.69±340.81ml vs. 812.72±329.7ml, P=0.002). The treatment group showed a better HSS score and WOMAC score (HSS score: P=0.007; WOMAC score: P=0.001), HSS score improved 3.37 points, and WOMAC scores improved 12.08 points after the operation than the control group. No postoperative blood transfusion and postoperative complications occurred in the study period. Conclusions: According to our study, we found that perioperative treatment of erythrocyte mobilization in patients with TKA can improve postoperative hemoglobin level, reduce postoperative total blood loss, and reduce postoperative anemic rate without increased drug costs on the hospitalization expenses. Patients who receive erythrocyte mobilization treatment can significantly accelerate erythropoiesis after surgery and promote the hemoglobin level to normal more quickly. The patients after treatment show an advantage in HSS score and WOMAC score.
Multi-View Substructure Learning for Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction
Authors: Li Zimeng , Zhu Shichao , Shao Bin , Liu Tie-Yan , Zeng Xiangxiang , Wang Tong
Published: April 2022

Drug-drug interaction (DDI) prediction provides a drug combination strategy for systemically effective treatment. Previous studies usually model drug information constrained on a single view such as the drug itself, leading to incomplete and noisy information, which limits the accuracy of DDI prediction. In this work, we propose a novel multi-view drug substructure network for DDI prediction (“MSN-DDI”), which learns chemical substructures from both the representations of the single drug (“intra-view”) and the drug pair (“inter-view”) simultaneously and utilizes the substructures to update the drug representation iteratively. Comprehensive evaluations demonstrate that MSN-DDI has almost solved DDI prediction for existing drugs by achieving a relatively improved accuracy of 19.32% and an over 99% accuracy under the transductive setting. More importantly, MSN-DDI exhibits better generalization ability to unseen drugs with a relatively improved accuracy of 7.07% under more challenging inductive scenarios. Finally, MSN-DDI improves prediction performance for real-world DDI applications to new drugs.
Effects of rainfall and land use on river nutrient dynamics in the Brazilian semiarid region
Authors: Freire Letícia Lacerda , Costa Alexandre Cunha , Neto Iran Eduardo Lima
Published: April 2022

This paper investigated the effects of rainfall and land use on the dynamics of total phosphorus (TP) and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) in the Brazilian semiarid region. The study covered eleven watersheds within an area of 142,381 km². TP and TIN were monitored between 2013 and 2018 at 92 river water quality monitoring sites. The monthly rainfall (Rn) was obtained from 575 rain gauges. Pearson’s correlation (R) between Rn and nutrient concentration was performed. The correlation patterns were also analysed based on land use data: urban area (%), agricultural field area (%), demographic density (inhabitants/km²), sewer system coverage (%), and reservoir density (reservoir/km²). Backward stepwise regression was carried out to identify predictors of nutrient concentrations. The results revealed that in watersheds with high demographic density, the rainfall is not the most influential factor in the concentration of nutrients (marginal effect). However, in regions with greater accumulated rainfall and lower reservoir density, the rainfall was related to a linear increase in nutrient concentrations (positive effect) (R > 0.8). On the other hand, in watersheds with less accumulated rainfall and greater inter-basin hydrological disconnection due to a high-density reservoir network, there was a linear decrease in nutrient concentration (inverse effect) (R<-0.5). In the backward stepwise regression, sewer system coverage and Rn had the greatest influence on TP, and the urban area was the strongest predictor of TIN. These findings provide valuable information for water quality management in drylands with strong human-induced impacts, similar to the Brazilian semiarid region.
Concentration of mercury in human hair and its associated factors in residents of the Gulf of Trieste (North-Eastern Italy)
Authors: Cegolon Luca , Petranich Elisa , Pavoni Elena , Floreani Federico , Barago Nicolò , Papassissa Elisa , Filon Francesca Larese , Covelli Stefano
Published: April 2022

The Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy) is the coastal area of the Mediterranean Sea most highly contaminated by mercury (Hg) due to fluvial inputs from the Isonzo/Soča River system, draining over 500 years’ worth of cinnabar extraction activity from the Idrija mining district (Western Slovenia). The aim of this research is to investigate the concentration of Hg in hair samples taken from participants from the general population from the coast of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (FVG), as a marker of chronic exposure to Hg.Three hundred and one individuals - 119 males and 182 females - were recruited by convenience sampling in Trieste in September 2021. An amount of approximately 100 mg of hair was collected from the occipital scalp of each participant to measure the respective Hg concentrations (expressed as mg/kg). Moreover, participants completed a self-report questionnaire collecting extensive socio-demographic and life-style information. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationships among Hg concentrations in hair and several factors potentially related to an increase in the Hg content of hair.A mean Hg concentration in hair of 1.63 mg/kg was found, slightly above the 1.0 mg/kg threshold recommended by the WHO, although still well below the no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) of 10 mg/kg. Among respondents, 55.6% showed a Hg concentration in hair > 1 mg/kg, 22.9% > 2 mg/kg and 2 participants exhibited Hg levels >10 mg/kg. Factors associated with higher concentrations of Hg in hair were male sex, ingestion of > 4 servings of fish per month and preferred consumption of small/medium size fish or shell/crayfish/molluscs. Conversely, ingestion of frozen fish represents a protective factor.Though a risk alert for Hg exposure for coastal residents from FVG is deemed unnecessary at this time, it is recommended that pregnant women limit their ingestion of locally caught fish to < 4 servings/month.
A Study of Talent Perceptions in Classroom Activities: in Select Iraqi Primary School Instructors
Authors: Jalil Ahmed , MAHDI WISAM ABDUL , Basim Dhafar
Published: April 2022

This study aims to investigate elementary school academics` perceptions of precociousness and their experiences of operating with gifted children in their regular classes. this is often an exploratory study with thirteen teachers and the information were collected through semi-structured interviews. Our participants cared-for represent giftedness with a stress on the intellectual traits of gifted learners and to regulate their pedagogic approach accordingly. Their assessment practices targeted basically on product-oriented approaches rather than process-oriented approaches. Our findings counsel that there's still a long way to go, particularly in terms of formal teacher training, to tailor teaching to the wants and characteristics of precocious learners.
Identify Multiple Seeds for Influence Maximization by Statistical Physics Approach and Multi-hop Coverage
Authors: Liao Fuxuan , Hayashi Yukio
Published: April 2022

Finding the influential nodes as seeds in a real network is an important problem which relates to wide applications. However, some conventional heuristic methods do not consider the overlap phenomenon. In order to avoid the overlap of spreading, we propose a new method in combing the statistical physics approach and multi-hop coverage. We also propose a faster epidemic model which does not need the averaging of stochastic behavior. Through the computer simulation, the obtained results show that our method can outperforms other conventional methods in the meaning of stronger spreading power per seed.
Image defogging based on Multi-input and Multi-scale UNet
Authors: Lin Zhengchun , Luo Qingxing , Jiang Yunzhi , Wang Jing , Li Siyuan , Cheng Gongwen , Zheng genrang
Published: April 2022

The coarse-to-fine image defogging strategy has been widely used in the structural design of individual image defogging networks. In the traditional method, multi-scale input image subnets are superimposed, so that the sharpness of the image is gradually improved from the bottom subnet to the top subnet, which inevitably leads to the loss of image details. Toward a fast and accurate dehazing network design, we revisit the coarse-to-fine strategy and present a multi-input and multi-scale U-Net (MIMS-UNet). The MIMS-UNet has two distinct features. On the one hand, the single-encoder of MIMS-UNet adopts multi-input and multi-scale image, which increases the computation amount but greatly improves the network performance. On the other hand, codec structures with context blocks are used to capture context information and recover more details. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves good results in both quantification and visualization. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed network can achieve ideal results of defogging and effectively avoid color distortion after defogging.
Musculoskeletal ultrasound to evaluate the effect of suspension rope training combined with Mulligan technique on nonspecific low back pain: a single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Di , Wang Cong , Zhang Wen-dong , Zhang Yu , Zhang Guan-nan
Published: April 2022

Background
In addition to the symptoms and limitation of function, non-specific low back pain also presents the stability imbalance of the local muscle and the whole muscle of the trunk. The treatment mode of exercise combined with manipulation is widely recognized, but the effect of suspension rope training combined with Mulligan technology is unclear. Musculoskeletal ultrasound and clinical indicators were used to evaluate the effect of suspension rope training combined with Mulligan technique on non-specific low back pain.
Methods
From December 2020 to November 2021, a randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in the Sports Medicine Rehabilitation Center of Hebei Institute of Sports Science. Sixty patients with clinically diagnosed non-specific low back pain were enrolled in the study. They were randomly divided into the suspension group and the control group for eight weeks. The two groups were also treated with Mulligan manipulation. The suspension group was treated combined with suspension rope training on this basis, and the control group was treated combined with traditional rehabilitation training. Pain (NRS score), lumbar function (ODI score) and spinal range of motion were measured by a specialist before and after treatment. In addition, musculoskeletal ultrasound was used to measure muscle thickness of bilateral transversalis and multifidus muscles. Patients in both groups did not know about the treatment of the other group, and the data collection and statisticians of the manipulation therapists were not aware of the grouping, only the researcher was aware of the grouping but did not participate in the whole treatment process. χ2 test was used for counting the data of two groups, homogeneity of variance test was used for comparability of measurement data, independent sample T test was used for data comparison between groups, and paired sample T test was used for data comparison before and after treatment.
Results
After eight weeks, muscle thickness of bilateral transversalis and multifidus muscles, NRS, ODI and spinal range of motion in two groups were significantly better than those before treatment (P < 0.05)), and the amplitude of change in suspension group was significantly higher than that in control group(P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Suspension rope training combined with Mulligan technology has a significant effect on the treatment of non-specific low back pain, which can significantly improve the patients' lumbar function, and its effect is better than traditional rehabilitation training combined with Mulligan technology.
Functional Connectivity Uniqueness and Variability? A Signature of Cognitive and Psychiatric Problems in Children
Authors: Fu Zening , Liu Jingyu , Salman Mustafa , Sui Jing , Calhoun Vince
Published: April 2022

Brain functional connectivity (FC) derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been serving as a potential “fingerprint” for adults. However, intra-subject variation of FC can be substantial and carry biologically meaningful information, especially during adolescence, a time of intense brain changes. Here, for the first time, we performed a large-scale analysis on cross-scan FC stability and its association with a diverse range of health measures in children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) data. Functional network connectivity (FNC), a network analog of FC, was extracted via an automated independent component analysis framework on 9071 subjects (age: 9~11 years) and compared across 4 scans. We found that the FNC profile can identify a given child from a large group with high accuracy (> 80%), though intra-subject variations exist cross-scan. The robustness of this finding is verified by replicating the child identification using the second-year scans and between longitudinal scans with a two-year interval. Moreover, cross-scan FNC stability was predictive of sleep condition, cognitive performance, and psychiatric problems in children, with higher stability correlated with better cognitive performance, longer sleep duration, and less psychotic expression. Meanwhile, parental psychopathology and prenatal exposure were associated with the FNC stability in their children. Overall, our findings show that a child’s connectivity profile is not only intrinsic but also exhibits reliable variability cross-scan, regardless of brain growth and development. The intra-subject connectivity stability may serve as a valuable biomarker to draw inferences on early cognitive and psychiatric behaviors in children.
L-Stable and A-Stable numerical method of order two for stiff differential equation
Authors: K.SELVAKUMAR  , Jason K.
Published: April 2022

This article presents a finite difference method of order two for stiff differential equation that will overcome the effects of stiffness since it is A-stable. And, reflect the asymptotic behavior of the solution of the stiff problem since it is L-stable.
The classical explicit Runge-Kutta methods of order two are not suitable for stiff problems since the numerical solution will not overcome the effects of stiffness and will not reflect the asymptotic behavior of the solution of the stiff problem ( for example, Dahlquist problem ). And, they are not both A-stable and L-stable. On applying Euler's implicit method, the numerical solution will overcome the effects of stiffness and wil reflect the asymptotic behavior of the solution of the stiff problem. And hence, it is both A-stable and L-stable. But it is of order one method.
A new numerical method which is both A-stable and L-stable and of order two for the numerical solution of a stiff differential equation is presented in this article. It will overcome the effects of stiffness and reflects the aysmptotic behaviour of the solution. The new method works well for large values of step size and works well in large domain. The new method is a modified form of the mid-point rule for the stiff problems. The rate of order of convergence is proved to be two both theoretically and numerically. Experimental results show the performance of the method based on the metrics such as stability function, stability region, order star fingers, the rate of order of theoretical and numerical convergence, absolute and relative errors, percentage of numerical solution accuracy and local and global truncation errors both numerically and graphically.
A Method for Correcting TRMM Satellite Temperature Network in Mazandaran Province
Authors: Nadi Mehdi , Kebriya Alireza Yousefi
Published: April 2022

The accurate spatial estimation of temperature is crucial in climate research. This study investigated the efficiency of temperature products of the TRMM satellite in estimating temperature in Mazandaran Province, and its accuracy were compared with inverse distance weighting and Co-Kriging interpolation methods. Finally, a new method was proposed to improve the accuracy of temperature estimation by combining the TRMM temperature products and terrains. Data recorded at 25 meteorological stations and 26 monthly and annual TRMM satellite images in 2012 and 2013 were used. The results showed a significant correlation between temperature data and satellite products, latitude, and altitude in significance level of 95%. Analyzing error indices showed that TRMM products have underestimation error that this bias error contributed to about 60% of error in these satellite images. Despite the larger error of TRMM products than interpolation methods, the regression analysis results demonstrated the superiority of satellite temperature products over interpolation methods. Furthermore, higher correlation of observed and estimated data showing that satellite products give a better understanding of cold and hot points of the study area despite its underestimation error. Combining satellite temperature products with influential covariates of altitude and latitude in the regression equation reduced the temperature estimation error of the TRMM products by 80%. The estimation precision increased over 70% compared to other temperature interpolation methods. Analyzing isotherm maps indicate the higher temperature of eastern coasts than western coasts. Moreover, evaluating different temperature estimation methods showed the higher precision of the methods that involved covariates than other methods.