bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
5 and 7 Year Old Childrenwith No English Background RespondToward Parents’ Stimulus Using the Comprehensible Inputs on Direct English Daily Conversations at Home
Authors: Rini Setia
Published: August 2017

This paper seeks to explorehow the comprehensible inputs are given by mother   responded by the children who have no English background and what are the discourse features which aid children’s comprehension and ability to maintain the conversation. This study is conducted in the writer’s home with her sons in order to apply the comprehensible inputs. The results shows that the children ages 5 and 7 years old who have no English background are able to give the responses unless the questions or the stimulus given must be followed by the non verbal language such as gesture and the body movements. In this case, the results can be varied. From the stimulus using the comprehensible inputs, the children are also giving different responses. It can be in the form of non-verbal language such as nodding or by repeating the last word said by their mother. It is suggested that parents should give encouragement to the children and help them in acquiring the second language at home.
The Significance of Introducing Culture in EFL Instruction
Authors: Malihah Noor
Published: August 2017

EFL students many times made mistakes in using the English expressions and led to misinterpretations or even acceptable message of their utterances. This is due to their lack of cultural awareness or their understanding towards L2 culture. Therefore, EFL teachers should think of how to give position to the L1 and L2 culture in their teaching and learning process of EFL instructions.To solve the problems, there are some approaches used to introduce the target language culture, by knowing the obstacles that the learners frequently made.
Americanization of Non-American Storiesin Disney Films
Authors: Setiawati Beta
Published: August 2017

The study is intended to know the Disney’s animation films characteristics which are adapted from non American stories that contain Americanization in order to be American popular culture products. This qualitative and library research is carried out within the field of American Studies. Disney’s animated films which are regarded as artifacts in order to identify American society and culture is used as her primary data. She then compares those Disney films with the original stories to discover the changes in making those stories become American popular products. She furthermore uses the sources such as books, magazines, journals, articles, and also internet data for her secondary data. The result of this study shows that most of folk narratives which were used in Disney films were adapted from other countries’ stories. However, Disney intentionally adapts foreign countries’ stories in its animated films by using Disney formula to blow up the sale of its products. Since Disney is one of the most powerful media conglomerates in the world, it works endlessly to set out world entertainment. Disney formula in its animated films which has dominated those adapted films are only intended to obtain as much profit as possible without paying attention to the values in children entertainment.
A Correlative Study of Reading Speed and Reading Comprehension of the Second Year Students of SMP Islam Sultan Fattah Salatiga in the Academic Year of 2007/2008
Authors: Izzatul Laila Inna Naili Izzatul Laila
Published: August 2017

This study is conducted to find out the profile of students’ speed reading skill and the students’ reading comprehension, as well as to prove if there is significant correlation between the students’ skill in reading speed and reading comprehension of students of SMP Islam Sultan Fattah Salatiga in the academic year of 2007/2008. The writer applies random sampling technique to take the sample (40) from the total of population of 81 students. Furthermore, the profile of students’ reading speed skill in the text comprehension is observed through applying reading speed limited by time. From such a test, the writer knows how many words produced by students every minute. The students’ reading comprehension, in addition, can be seen from the result of the answered of questions. The data is analyzed using correlative statistics. From the result, the writer finds that there is no correlation between reading speed and reading comprehension of the students. It is shown from the result r0=0,027 and rt=0,312 in the level of significance 5%. Then, there are many factors that influence reading speed and the comprehension as children weakness of vocabularies and the lack of concentration in reading.
The Application of Society Based School and Its Implication toward Self-Governance of the Second Year Students of “SMU ALTERNATIVE QARYAH THAYYIBAH” of Kalibening, Salatiga in the Academic Year of 2007/2008
Authors: Mardliyah Lina
Published: August 2017

This paper attempts to describe the application of society based school and the implication of such a system as well as to depict the relationship between them toward students’ self-governance at SMU Alternative QT in the academic year of 2007/2008. The respondents of the study are 20 students of the second grade and 9 teachers. By applying descriptive qualitative research,It found that there is relationship between the application and the implication of society based school toward the students’ self-governance where the students become more ready to live in the future, realize their own personalities better, and have many skills.
The Experimental Study of the Effectiveness of Teaching Speaking by Using Cartoon in the Fifth Year Students of Islamic Elementary School
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun
Published: August 2017

This research was carried out to find out how far the achievement of speaking English lesson by using cartoon and a significant difference of the students speaking ability between the students taught by using cartoon media and those taught without using cartoon media. The research was conducted at Islamic Elementary School (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah) Lancar, Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia. The objects of the research were the fifth year students. This is quantitative research. Technique of sampling in this research used classified random sampling. The result of the research is the score of the post-test from the experiment group is higher (7,68) than the score of the post-test from control group (6,95). Therefore, the writer might conclude that using of cartoon media proved better result in speaking skill than students who are taught without using cartoon media. It means that there is significant difference of the students speaking skill between those using cartoon media and those who do not use cartoon in teaching speaking. Also, there is a significant contribution of using cartoon in teaching speaking.
The Influence of Reading Intensity toward Writing Skills
Authors: Mas’ud Ibnu
Published: August 2017

The aims of this research are to find of reading intensity, to examine the student’ writing skills, and to probe the influence of the students’ reading intensity toward the students’ writing skill. By applying descriptive quantitative approach and using correlation research, the subject of the study are the third year students of SMP N 1 Grabag, Kab. Magelang, in the academic year of 2008/2009. Meanwhile, the sample of the research are 40 students of two classes that are taken by applying stratified sampling technique. Furthermore, there are two variables that are analyzed. They are students’ reading intensity as independent variable and students’ writing skill as dependents variable. Based on the calculation of the critical r in the level of significant of 5%, the writer found that rxy aritmethical is higher than rxy table. Therefore, there is influence of reading intensity toward writing skill.
The Symbols Used in Internet Chatting: A Semiotic Analysis
Authors: Mulyani Sri
Published: August 2017

The aims of this research is to describe the kind of symbols used on internet chatting. Besides elaborating the relation between the symbol and the signee. And the last one of study is to describe the meaning of the symbols used in internet chatting. Since the research explores the symbols used in the internet chatting, qualitative approach is deemed to be the precise research design. The data obtained are described comprehensively by classifying the symbols, analyzing the representation of the symbols based on semiotic approach, and interpreting the meaning of symbols based on the context of the internet chatting text. The findings show that the symbols consists of number, letter, combination of number and letter, and the emoticons or smiley. The sample of the number, consist of ‘2’ and ‘4’. For the letter consist of ‘R’, ‘U’, ‘b’, ‘Ur’, ‘ASL’, ‘btw’, and so on. For emoticons consist of ‘:-)’, ‘:-(‘, ‘:-P’, ‘:-D’, ‘:-C’, ‘;-)’, ‘:- ))’, ‘:~’, ‘|-)’, ‘(-_-)’, ‘^_^’, ‘:-|’, and ‘8-O’. Those symbols have different meaning or references with different interpreters because they can be interpreted in denotative level as signifier or in connotative level as signified.
AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE OF THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS OF SMP N 1 SUSUKAN REGENCY OF SEMARANG IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2003/2004
Authors: Safudin Agus
Published: August 2017

The aim of this research is to find out how far the errors of simple present tense produced bythe second year students of SMP N 1 Susukan. The research was conducted at State Junior High School (SMP N) 1 Susukan, Regency of Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The objects of this research were the eighth graders. This is quantitative research. The writer uses random sampling by lottery. There are about 75 students and the writer took 50% as the sample.The errors made by the students were divided into eight aspects. (1) Error in using auxiliary is 36.75%. (2) Error in using plural noun is 22.90%. (3) Error in using to be is (am, is, are,) is 7.69%.(4) Error in adverb of manneris 4.27%. (5) Error in using verb in simple present tense is 4.78%. (6) Error in using possessive sentence 5.24%. (7) Error in using imperative sentence is 0.34%. (8) Error due to ignorant is 11.28%. Relating to those errors there should be the preventing efforts by the teachers such as providing lots of examples of English and Indonesian sentences so that the students have greater understanding about the difference of those languages.
Transformational Linguistics and the Implication Towards Second Language Learning
Authors: Khasanah Noor
Published: August 2017

The essence of Chomsky’s approach to language is the claim that there are linguistic universals in domain of syntax. He felt confident to show that syntax can be defined for any given language. For Chomsky, the nature of such mental representations is largely innate, so if a grammatical theory has explanatory adequacy it must be able to explain the various grammatical nuances of the languages of the world as relatively minor variations in the universal pattern of human language. In teaching English as L2, therefore knowing syntax and grammar of the language is important. Transformational Generative Grammar gives adequate elaboration in understanding them. Thus, the learners are expected to be able to avoid such ambiguity in interpreting the deep structure of a sentence since ambiguity will lead other people as the listeners or hearers of the speakers to misinterpret either consciously or unconsciously.
A Pragmatic Analysis and Sociological Perspective on Pearl S Buck’s The Good Earth
Authors: Santosa Rochmat Budi
Published: August 2017

This paper observes the struggle for life of East Asia people that was portrayed in the novel The Good Earth. The Good Earth is also portrayal of a true account experienced by its author, Pearl S Buck. She got inspiration from the life of farmer in China. She wrote this novel using the original name as the main character.  Those names are Wang Lung and O Lan. They are couple and their life is on farm. The objectives of this study are to find the pragmatic and sociological aspects of the Novel. This research applies content analysis approach to understand the pragmatic and sociological life in Chinese society, especially in the novel. The finding of the study shows that the utterances in the novel reflect various speech acts i.e. expressive, assertive, commisive, persuasive, directive, and phatic. In the sociological aspect, the life of rural people in Chine is somewhat similar with that of in Indonesia. Otherwise, rural people have life style in common i.e. working hard, struggle for life, defending their belonging, and loving the nature.
Politeness Strategies and Levels In Tourism-Service Language in Surakarta Residency
Authors: Purnomo Budi
Published: August 2017

In tourism industry, tourists act as guests and tourism industry practitioners act as hosts. Typically tourism industry practitioners will try to act politely and follow politeness strategies as well as possible when serving tourists to ensure their satisfaction. Levels of satisfaction could be determined by the politeness of the hosts' behaviour towards their guests, including the politeness levels of their tourism-service language. This research was done in Surakarta Residency, the main tourist destination in Central Java. Data sources of this research came from (1) informants and (2) events.  The data were analyzed by Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategies (1987). The results of this research show that the tourism industry practitioners in Surakarta Residency use various politeness strategies and levels in tourism-service language to serve their guests.
Using Rummy Game Method to Improve Students’ Learning Activities and English Dialog
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto
Published: August 2017

This classroom action research was aimed at improving students’ learning activities and students’ English dialog skills in the state senior high school 3 Salatiga. The research was carried out in the state senior high school 3 Salatiga from January to June 2012. The subject of the research was 38 students of grade XI natural science 2. While the objects of research were  rummy game method, students’ learning activities and students’ English dialog skills. This action research was conducted in two cycles. Each consisted of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. In cycle 1, the researcher implemented  rummy game method with big groups and ready made cards while in cycle 2, the researcher applied  rummy game method with small groups and student designed cards. To collect the data the researcher gave self-assessment test and performance test before the first cycle, after the first cycle, and after the second cycle. The data analysis was done by descriptive comparison namely by comparing scores in the previous condition with those of the first cycle and the second cycle. The research findings revealed that there was significant improvement of average scores in students’ learning activities namely 13.8 % from 56.8 % in the previous condition to 70.6 % in cycle 2 and in students’ English dialog skill namely 5.8 from 72.7 in the previous condition to 78.5 in cycle 2. Hence, hypothesis stating that using  rummy game method is able to improve students’ learning activities and English dialog skill in the state senior high school 3 Salatiga grade XI natural science 2 even semester year 2011/2012 is proven right.Keywords:  Rummy Game Method; Learning Activities; English Dialog Skill
Descriptive Analysis on Flouting and Hedging of Conversational Maxims in the “Post Grad” Movie
Authors: Rokhmania Nastiti
Published: August 2017

This research is focused on analyzing flouting and hedging of conversational maxim of utterances used by the main characters in “Post Grad” movie. Conversational maxims are the rules of cooperative principle categorized into four categories; Maxim of Quality, Maxim of Quantity, Maxim of Relevance, and Maxim of Manner. If these maxims are used in  conversations, the conversations can go smoothly. However, people often break the maxims overtly (flouting maxim) and sometimes break the maxims secretly (hedging maxims) when they make a conversation. This research is conducted using descriptive qualitative method based on the theory known as Grice’s Maxims. The data are in form of utterances used by the characters in “Post Grad” movie. The data analysis reveals some finding covering the formulated research question. The maxims are flouted when the speaker breaks some conversational maxims when using the utterances in the form of rhetorical strategies, such as tautology, metaphor, hyperbole, irony, and rhetorical question. On the other hand, conversational maxims are also hedged when the information is not totally accurate or unclearly stated but seems informative, well-founded, and relevant.Keywords: Descriptive analysis ; flouting maxims; hedging maxims;  Post Grad movie.
The Attitudes of Students from ESL and EFL Countries to English
Authors: Hasbi Muhamad
Published: August 2017

This research is to study the attitudes of English students from English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) country in English and Foreign Languages University (EFL University), Hyderabad to English. This is a descriptive-quantitative research with a survey method. The attitudes researched include those to listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The data was taken through questionnaireconsisting of 20 questions. The findings of this study showed that the English students in EFL University have neutral-to-positive attitudes to Listening, positive attitudes to Speaking, positive attitudes to Reading, and poor attitudes to Writing. In addition, the English students from ESL country have better attitudes to Reading (positive) and Writing (neutral)and those from EFL country have better attitudes to Speaking (neutral-topositive)and Listening (neutral-to-positive). Keywords: Attitudes; English as Second language (ESL); English as Foreign Language (EFL).
Developing Written News Item Text Materials for the Tenth Graders of Senior High School
Authors: Muryati Sri
Published: August 2017

School Based Curriculum or ―Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan” (KTSP) 2008 requires teaching and learning activities that should be active, innovative, creative, enjoyable, cheerful and qualified. In order to share or help teachers, this Research and Development (R&D) research was conducted that may inspire them in developing teaching and learning materials for the expected class. The scope of this study is developing written news item text materials for the ten graders of senior high school so that the students are able to create a simple short news item texts which are classified into four kinds: straight, interpretative, investigative and color news stories. The method used was adapted and adjusted from Hyland‘s Model of material development. The process started from doing a survey, followed by developing materials, having experts and teachers validation, doing first revision, trying out, writing second revision, and producing final result. The try out resulted student average score 76,14 that means the students achieved 79,55 % above minimum national learning mastery, 75. This study focuses on the written news item texts from the 3 sources, namely newspapers, magazine and internet. Since the three sources are available in one source, the internet, the final product is entitled ―3 News in 1‖ accompanied by Interactive Self-study VCD‘. Keywords: R&D; News item texts;  teaching & Learning materials.
Students’ Perceptions toward a Conversational Class Taught By Foreigner Counterpart
Authors: Inayah Nurul
Published: August 2017

This research is aimed at knowing what the students‘ perception of having taught by foreigner counterpart (native speaker of English) in a conversational class. Besides elaborating the students‘ perception which affects how they act and behave during the teaching and learning process, this research also wants to explore the students‘ difficulties and strategies in facing the foreigner‘s class. Then, the students‘ expectation of an ideal conversational class is also important to be investigated in order to conduct a better one in the future. Since this research explores the students‘ perception which come from the students‘ experience, qualitative approach is considered as an appropriate research design. Then the result of this research is presented descriptively in order to reveal the students‘ perception comprehensively. The findings of this research show that most of the students give high appreciation with the presence of foreigner. In fact, the personality of the foreigner as a teacher is also very important to be highlighted since it gives significant influence on students‘ perception. The personality and skill in classroom management become reasons for the other students who do not like the foreigner. Then, the cross cultural understanding and the ability to communicate in English is the students‘ main difficulty that hinders their teaching and learning process. Keywords: perception; conversational class; Foreign conterparts
Enhancing Students’ Speaking Through the Process of Performing Drama
Authors: Anggraini Dian
Published: August 2017

An action research has always been interesting thing for teacher because the root of it is taken from their own problems. This study is a self reflection of a problem that is faced by the researcher. It focuses on a certain activity in a certain class and at a certain period of time. Questionnaires, interview sheet, observation sheet, students’ worksheets, and teacher’s lesson plans serve as data resources. The result shows a significant increase in the students score. However, there is variation on the general result. Keywords:collaborative learning; drama ; motivation
The Use of a Write-Pair-Square Strategy to Improve The Students’ Active Participation in Writing Descriptive Text
Authors: Siti Margiyanti Dwi Arni
Published: August 2017

Many problems faced by students in participating in the classroom and writing a text. This study discussed the use of write-pair-square strategy to improve the students’ active participation in writing descriptive text. The objectives of the study are to find out the implementation of write-pair-square in teaching descriptive text and to investigate the improvement of students’ participation and writing achievement after being taught by using write-pair-square strategy. The research focused on teaching of descriptive text by using write-pair-square as the strategy. The subjects are SMA Kesatrian 2 Semarang students. This study used Classroom Action Research that was carried out through a pre-test, first and second cycle activities. The result showed that the students’ progress of participation improved. The average score of pre-test was 11.27, post-test 1 was 20.13, and post-test 2 was 30.24. It also showed that students’ mastering descriptive improved. The average achievement of students’ pretest was63.27, First cycle test was70.23and post test was 77.66. According to this study, I conclude that teaching descriptive text by using write-pair-square as the strategy is helpful for students. It is recommended for English teachers to use Write-pair-square as the strategy for students’ improvement of their writing skill. Keywords: Teaching Descriptive Text; Write-Pair-Square;  Active Participation
Using Realia to Teach Physically Disabled Students in Writing Descriptive Texts
Authors: M. Zain Noorma Fitriana
Published: August 2017

This case study is focused on teaching descriptive texts by using realia. The writer took the 8th grade students of SMPLB Negeri Ungaran as the subjects of the study. The aim of this research is to know the implementation of teaching descriptive texts that cover parts, qualities, and characteristics of the objects. This study was carried out around four meetings. In each meeting, the researcher observed the situation of the class and the setudents’ activities in that classroom. The data collection method used in the research was observation, interview, and documentation. In implementating the research, the researcher found several problems and difficulties in teaching learning processes. One of them is that, the teaching physically disabled students are not easy. It has to be slowly because the students’ ability in writing the lesson is limited. The other problem comes from the teacher him/herself that never uses media or tools to teach physically disabled students. It is a matter of fact that teaching physically  disabled students needs media to make them easily understand the learning materials. One of the media that could be used is realia. From this research it is expected that the problems could be solved and a new paradigm in teaching descriptive texts for disabled students could be considered.Keywords : Descriptive Texts; Physically Disabled Students; Realia
Transactional and Interpersonal Conversation Texts in English Textbook
Authors: Nuha Ulin
Published: August 2017

In this study, The researcher analyzed the transactional andinterpersonal conversation texts found in grade VIII English textbookentitled ―EOS English on Sky 2‖ and I also analyzed the linguisticfeatures of the transactional and interpersonal conversations in theEnglish textbook. This study focuses on the issues of structuralfunctionalapproach which analyzes the speech function, structuralapproach which analyzes linguistic features. This is a qualitative study.In calculating the data and the final result of data percentage,quantification was used to support this study. Units of analysis in thisstudy are moves and clauses. The conversation texts are presented in 8units. The moves were analyzed functionally and the clauses wereanalyzed structurally. The result shows that the speech functions of thetransactional conversation texts are 54.5% matching the standard ofcontent, the speech functions of the interpersonal conversation texts are2.1% matching the standard of content. The linguistic feature applied inthe transactional and interpersonal conversation texts uses the linguisticfeature in functional literacy level. The speech functions of conversationtexts introduced in EOS English on Sky 2 for junior high school grade VIII are less compatible with the standard of content based on thecompatibility levels. Keywords: Transactional and interpersonal conversation texts; Speech function; linguistic feature.
Understanding Barack Obama’s Characteristics through “Dreams from My Father”
Authors: Setyowati Ratini
Published: August 2017

Obama is not only popular as a president but also popular for his literary works. He has some literary works especially his popular books, such as Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance, the Audacity of Hope, Change We can Believe in and others. His books can insipre others. One of his popular book is Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. In his book he tells everything about his life, his journey to some cities and countries. He describes them well and can hipnotize the readers. The purpose of the study is to know Obama‘s characteristic through his book Dreams of My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. This study is descriptive qualitative research, the method of the study is library research. The analyses and depictions in this studywill be taken from books, journals, magazines, and articles that are related to Barack Obama‘s book Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance, beside that to complete the data the writer takes the sources from internet. The result of the study is the book reflects the character of Obama. To analyze the study, the writer applies Psychoanalysis Approach (Id, Ego and Superego) Keywords: Dreams for my father; characteristics; race and inheritance
Transgender Community and Its Slang Words
Authors: Asiyah Siti
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this research is to describe slang words used in transgender community in Salatiga, the meaning, how to form and the functions. This is the descriptive qualitative method. The data are from natural communication taking among transgenders. The source of data is transgender community in the form of oral data. The results of the studyshows that transgender slang words is formed by borrowing syllables of Javanese and Indonesian language, adding with specific affixes, or changing into other common words. Transgender community inserts the slang words into Javanese language and use Javanese language structure to form their utterances. They use it as a secret code and also solidaritymarker inside the groups or between the group and other groups.Keywords: Slang words; Transgender community; Function of slang words
English Core Competencies, Basic Competencies, and Assessment for Junior High School in Curriculum 2013; between Facts and Hopes
Authors: Ichnatun Dwi Soenoewati Does
Published: August 2017

This paper focuses on some problems faced by Junior High School English target teachers concerning with the content, formulation, and the order of Core Competencies (known as KI) and Basic Competencies (known as KD) and the assessment in K ‘13 (known as K’13). The material in K ‘13 is regarded as being arranged in balance covering the students attitude, knowledge, and skills competencies stressing on language skills as a means of communication to convey ideas and knowledge. Based on the K ‘13 implementation mentoring, 13 out of 15 teachers (87%) interpret the Core and Basic Competencies differently and most tend to be unclear. This happened due to the formulation, content, and order of the KIs/KDs which were illogical, in contrary to mind mapping, and confusing the target teachers. Moreover, the assessment system, especially attitude assessments are too complicated. These facts make the writer interested to discuss the English KIs/KDs and assessment for Junior High School in K ‘13; between Facts and Hopes.
AN ANALYSIS ON SUBTITLING STRATEGIES OF ROMEO AND JULIET MOVIE
Authors: Dwi Hastuti Endang
Published: August 2017

The focus of this research is to identify the subtitling strategies applied in the subtitling of Romeo and Juliet movie. This research belongs to descriptive qualitative research along with purposive sampling techniques. The objects of the research are English sentences spoken by the actors and actress in Romeo and Juliet movie as a source text (ST) and its Indonesian subtitling as a target text (TT).The research findings show that the subtitling strategies applied in Romeo and Juliet movie are expansion, paraphrase, transfer, imitation, condensation, decimation, deletion, taming, and resignation. Among those strategies; condensation is the most dominant one due to  the limited  space and  subtitling time appearance because in the subtitling process, there should be a thrifty translation whereas, the accuracy of Romeo and Juliet subtitling depends on the context covers the text, both situation context and cultural context. There are three components covers the situation context, namely field, mode/channel, and tenor/relation.  The key words: subtitling strategy, subtitling accuracy, thrifty translation
The Types of Cohesion Used in the ‘Issues of the Day’ Strip in the Jakarta Post
Authors: Agustina Wulan
Published: August 2017

This study is aimed at describing discourse studies especially at cohesion from reader’s opinion strip. This is literary research, so the writer uses descriptive qualitative approach. In this research, documentation and note taking technique are used to collect the data. There are two objectives of the research: 1) to carry out the types of grammatical cohesion used in the “Issues of the Day” strip in The Jakarta Post on March 2012 edition and 2) to find out the types of lexical cohesion used in the “Issues of The Day” strip in The Jakarta Post on March 2012 edition. After investigating the English sentences used in the “Issues of the Day” strip in The Jakarta Post on March 2012 edition, the writer found several findings as follows: 1) based on the analysis of grammatical cohesion, the writer found there are references, substitutions, ellipsis, and conjunctions; 2) based on the analysis of lexical cohesion, the writer found repetitions, synonyms, hyponyms, meronyms, antonyms, and collocations. The writer expects that it is able to contribute the science of linguistic and able to be guidance for all readers.
Alternative Techniques for Teaching Writing
Authors: Arumi Sihindun
Published: August 2017

Writing as one of language skill is often considered very difficult. It is due to the fact that writing needs to produce and organize ideas using appropriate vocabulary, language use, paragraph organization, and mechanism. It also needs to turn the ideas into a readable text and for foreign language learners, they should also transfer ideas from their native language into target language (foreign language). It raises any problems for them to create a good text. Moreover, the situation in the class does not always supportthem in which the techniques of the teacher in teaching writing is boring and monotonous, do not give enough attention to help students explore their writing skills. So that they attend the writing class only for procedural formality.Thus, it is considered important to elaborate various techniques to build nice classroom atmosphere as well as to improve students’ writing skills.
Speaker-Dependent Based Speech Recognition
Authors: Untari Lilik , Purnomo SF. Luthfie Arguby , Asiyah Nur , Muttaqien Muhammad Zainal
Published: August 2017

This is the first part of the two parts of a qualitative focused R&D research aimed at designing an application to assist students with visual impairment (VI) in learning English writing and reading skills. The designed application was a speaker-dependent based speech recognition. Conducting alpha and beta testings, it was revealed that MAKTUM, the name of the application, exposed weaknesses on the selection of Ogden’s Basic English as the linguistic resources for the application and on the recording complexities. On the other hand, MAKTUM displayed strengths in individualized pronunciation and simple interfaces to operate.
The Use of Teaching British Parliamentary Debate through Android Application, Video, and Powerpoint Presentation to Improve the Students’ Speaking Skills
Authors: Agung Wijaya Surya
Published: August 2017

The researcher conducted the study to increase the students’ speaking skills through Android application, video, and PowerPoint Presentation in teaching British Parliamentary Debate. This study answers two questions (1) How is the implementation of teaching British Parliamentary Debate through Android application, video, and PowerPoint Presentation at English Debate Club in SMK N2? (2) To what extent is the improvement of teaching British Parliamentary Debate through Android application, video, and PowerPoint Presentation at English Debate Club in SMK N2 to improve the students’ speaking skills?. The research design of this study was Classroom Action Research. It had three cycles. Each cycle consisted of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. From the study, the researcher could conclude that the implementation of the study improved gradually from cycle 1, cycle 2, and cycle 3. The improvement of the study was showed when the researcher conducted cycle 3. The result of the t-test of cycle 3 was 2.56. Before the impact has not seen by the researcher in the cycle 1 and cycle 2, the result of the t-test of cycle 1 and 2 was 1. The passing grade was 72, and the target of the passing grade was 85%. The result of the post-test of cycle 3 was 90.91% from students. They passed the passing grade. The passing grade of cycle 3 was over the target, so the researcher stopped the study. Thus, instruments proved that it could improve the students’ speaking skills.
Перспективы формирования общего рынка труда ЕАЭС: правовые особенности
Authors: Ионцева Светлана Владимировна
Published: August 2017

Россия и ряд постсоветских государств не раз предпринимали попытки новой интеграции – создание Содружества Независимых государств (1991 г.), Таможенный союз (1995 г.), Евразийское экономическое сообщество (с 2000 г. по 2014 г). 29 мая 2014 г. получил начало новый этап развития межгосударственной интеграции на постсоветском пространстве. Россия, Белоруссия и Казахстан, а позднее к ним присоединились Армения и Кыргызстан, подписали договор о создании Евразийского экономического союза (Договор о ЕАЭС), в целях формирования единого рынка товаров, услуг, капитала и трудовых ресурсов. Отдельным аспектам правового положения трудовых мигрантов посвящена данная статья.
Обучение и трудоустройство мигрантов как условие социально-экономического развития трудодефицитных регионов
Authors: Кязимов Карл Гасанович
Published: August 2017

В статье анализируются миграционные процессы и их влияние на социально-экономическое развитие регионов страны. Показано, что при самом благоприятном развитии событий дефицит трудовых ресурсов не может быть сглажен только мерами демографической политики, и единственным источником компенсации сокращения трудовых ресурсов на ближайшие десятилетия будет оставаться миграция. Обосновывается, что обучение и трудоустройство мигрантов является условием социально- экономического развития трудодефицитных регионов страны. Развитие трудовых ресурсов из числа мигрантов посредством формирования потребностей в мигрантах, их обучения профессии, трудоустройство и оценка эффективности обучения является важным фактором совершенствования демографической ситуации в стране.
Подходы к решению проблем внешней трудовой миграции в России
Authors: Нетеребский Олег Викторович
Published: August 2017

Объектом исследования стала внешняя трудовая миграция на рынке труда в Российской Федерации, а предметом – изменение нормативно-правовой базы и порядка регулирования привлечения иностранной рабочей силы. Цель исследования – выявить тенденции и основные причины изменения правил регулирования привлечения ИРС, предложить корректировку существующего порядка привлечения ИРС.
В результате исследования выявлены основные причины и интересы в изменении нормативно-правовых основ регулирования миграции в Российской Федерации. Сформулированы последствия для рынка труда России и Москвы, в частности, принятия изменения порядка привлечения ИРС.
В исследовании проанализирована практика регулирования миграционных процессов и исследованы тенденции и причины существующего положения в сфере внешней трудовой миграции. Дан анализ недостатков последних новаций миграционного законодательства и определены меры по применению положительных практик, отработанных в прошедшие периоды с целью приоритетного трудоустройства отечественных трудовых ресурсов. Предложены дальнейшие технологические шаги в совершенствовании внешней трудовой миграции.
What Can Synergetics Contribute to Embodied Aesthetics?
Authors: Haken Hermann
Published: August 2017

I deal with perception and action (e.g. movements) using results from Synergetics, a comprehensive mathematical theory of the selforganized formation ("emergence“) of spatial, temporal, or functional structures in complex systems. I illustrate basic concepts such as order parameters (ops), enslavement, complexity reduction, circular causality first by examples of well known collective, spontaneous modes of human behavior such as rhythmic clapping of hands etc., and then by face recognition. The role played by ops depends on context. In the case of face (or pattern) recognition an op represents the concept of an individual face (action of mind) and it enslaves the action (firing rates) of neurons (body). This insight allows me to interpret syndroms as order parameters playing their mind/body double role. I present criteria for the identification of ops and discuss their general properties including error correction and "remedy“ of deficiencies. Contact is made with a recent paper by Sabine Koch on embodied aesthetics. My approach includes the saturation of attention at various time scales (ambiguous figures/fashion). Adopting a psychological perspective, I discuss some ingredients of beauty such as proportionality and symmetry, but also the importance of irregularities.
Cancer and Non-Cancer Risk of Santiago Island (Cape Verde) Population due to Potential Toxic Elements Exposure from Soils
Authors: Cabral Pinto Marina M.S. , Silva Maria M. V. , Ferreira Da Silva Eduardo. A. , Reis Amelia Paula
Published: August 2017

The hazard and the carcinogenic risks due to the exposure to some potentially toxic elements by the Santiago Island (Cape Verde) population where calculated, considering soil ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact as exposure pathways. The topsoil of Santiago Island is enriched in Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Zn, Mn and Cd to upper crust values. Hazard indices (HI) were calculated for these metals and As exposures, of Santiago Island population and the calculations were performed for children and adults. For children HI are higher than 1 for Co, Cr and Mn. So there is indication of potential non-carcinogenic risk for children, due to the high Co (HI=2.995), Cr (HI=1.329) and Mn (HI=1.126), values in soils. For the other elements and for adults there is no potential non-carcinogenic risk. Cancer risk was calculated for As, Cd, Cr and Ni exposures, for adults and children and the results are always lower than the carcinogenic target risk of 1x10-6, for As, Cd, and Ni. However, cancer risk are higher than the carcinogenic target risk for Cr, for adults. Regarding As, for children the fraction due to Riskingestion represents 51.6%, while Riskinhalation represents 48.0% and Riskdermalcontact represents only 0.4% of total risk. For adults Riskinhalation represents 81.3%, Riskingestion represents 16.6% and Riskdermal contact represents 2.1%. These results reflect the higher daily ingestion dose for children and the higher inhalation rate and higher dermal contact surface for adults. For the other elements and for adults the cancer risk due to Cr, Ni and Cd inhalation is always higher than for children, reflecting the higher inhalation rate for adults.
An Exploration into the Origins and Pathogenesis of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-positive
Authors: Turner Suzanne
Published: August 2017

T cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a heterogeneous disease ranging from malignancies arising from thymic T cells halted in development, through to mature, circulating peripheral T cells. The latter cases are diagnostically problematic with many entering the category of peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS). Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma is one of the exceptions to this whereby aberrant expression of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase and distinctive presence of cell surface CD30 places this entity in its own class. Besides expression of a well-studied oncogenic translocation, ALCL, ALK+ may also have a unique pathogenesis with a thymic origin like T lymphoblastic lymphoma but a peripheral presentation akin to PTCL. This review discusses evidence towards the potential origin of ALCL, ALK+ and mechanisms that may give rise to its unique phenotype.
A New Method for Production–Data Analysis and Well Testing by Use of Superposition Rate
Authors: Liang Peter , Aguilera Roberto , Mattar Louis
Published: August 2017

This research presents a new method to analyze production- and well-test data: the superposition rate. The method was developed from the well-accepted superposition principle. It is presented in a generalized form and is applicable to data in transient flow (including radial, linear, and bilinear), as well as in boundary-dominated flow (BDF).

The superposition-rate method is validated by synthetic data generated from reservoir modeling. Moreover, a practical work flow of implementing the superposition rate in production-data and well-test analysis is presented. Finally, real-field examples are used to demonstrate the practicality of superposition rate.

A comparison between the superposition-rate and superposition-time methods is presented. The superposition rate shows advantages over the superposition time. A key improvement of the superposition rate in quality diagnostics and data analysis is that it does not modify time scale. Consequently, the superposition rate keeps all production data in the sequence of their occurrence.
Chryzostomowe Homilie na Księgę Rodzaju
Authors: Kaczmarek Sylwia
Published: August 2017

The series of the eight homilies on Genesis written by John Chrysostom include many clues to why the article was chosen. It is considered on the grounds that it is leitmotiv. It is the clue of the order of beings – settled at the moment of creation, spoiled by sin, looked to be restored by human effort and fully realized in Christ. This order, which consists on the different relations, is shown as the important point of interest in the examination of the others clues. We are referring to the dignity of the man created in God’s image as well as similitude; the system of the dependencies between the beings; the significance of the sin of the people at the beginning and other sins; the idea in which God loves man; the salvation and the reward of the Kingdom of Heaven. This article tends also to show, how Chrysostom looks to help his followers during their meeting Christ, in the way of the studying the Scrip- ture, of dogmas and of the life, which should be coherent to the Scripture.
Niebo na ziemi. Próba charakterystyki liturgii wschodniej
Authors: Nowakowski Przemysław
Published: August 2017

The main aim of this article is the general presentation and description of the eastern liturgy by emphasizing some of its characteristics different from the Latin one. The subject of the analysis was the Slavonic version of Byzantine rite which is better known in Poland and neighboring countries. The worship plays the leading role in the life of Eastern Churches. The liturgy is closely connected with teaching of the Church and it is also the source of theology. The East has never known the separation of spirituality, theology and ecclesiology from liturgy. The article presents some essential information about the Eucharist (called in the east the Divine Liturgy), the liturgy of the hours (the Divine Office), liturgical year and shows some differences in the celebration of the sacraments in comparison with the Latin practice. More important features of the eastern worship are the epiphanic, doxological, dynamic, anamnetical and eschatological ones. What strikes you about Eastern worship from the sociological point of view is its intimate union with culture and history of the lo- cal, national Church. From an external point of view the eastern liturgy is a synthesis of the arts and demonstrates a particular beauty. The liturgical action is not just a ceremony.  It   is an object of contemplation, an awesome vision, full of mystery. It is our participation in the liturgy of heaven, the implementation of the Kingdom of God on Earth. Therefore, the actual purpose of the liturgy is our communing with God.
Oficjum o świętym Florianie w średniowiecznych brewiarzach krakowskich
Authors: Fedorowicz Szymon
Published: August 2017

The liturgical cult of Saint Florian in the Cracow Church was developing rapidly in medieval times. A few dozen years after his relics had been brought to Cracow , a native patron – Saint Stanislaus- became a saint. Since then the cult of a foreign and unknown martyr deteriorated. The revival of Saint Florian’s cult was possible under the influence of Zbigniew Oleśnicki, a bishop who appointed him as patron saint of the whole Polish Kingdom, thus making him equally important as Saint Adalbert, Saint Stanislaus and Saint Wacław. Since that time the liturgical cult of Saint Florian was of high significance, which can be certified by liturgical texts and formulas found in Cracow medieval breviaries. The analysis of their content leads to the conclusion that the older the breviaries, the fewer texts mentioning Saint Florian. The oldest breviaries contain only the liturgical collect referring to him. The newer ones are gradually enriched with the elements of choral liturgy and lessons originating from the legend about Saint Florian. Between the 15th and 16th centuries the liturgy in honor of Saint Florian culminates in the rhymed office.