bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The proteasome regulator PI31 is required for protein homeostasis, synapse maintenance and neuronal survival in mice
Authors: Minis Adi , Rodriguez Jose , Levin Avi , Liu Kai , Govek Eve-Ellen , Hatten Mary E. , Steller Hermann
Published: July 2019

Proteasome-mediated degradation of intracellular proteins is essential for cell function and survival. The proteasome-binding protein PI31 (Proteasomal Inhibitor of 31kD) promotes 26S assembly and functions as an adapter for proteasome transport in axons. As localized protein synthesis and degradation is especially critical in neurons, we generated a conditional loss of PI31 in spinal motor neurons (MNs) and cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs). A cKO of PI31 in these neurons caused axon degeneration, neuronal loss and progressive spinal and cerebellar neurological dysfunction. For both MNs and PCs, markers of proteotoxic stress preceded axonal degeneration and motor dysfunction, indicating a critical role for PI31 in neuronal homeostasis. The time course of the loss of MN and PC function in developing mouse CNS suggests a key role for PI31 in human developmental neurological disorders.

Statement of Significance

The conserved proteasome-binding protein PI31 serves as an adapter to couple proteasomes with cellular motors to mediate their transport to distal tips of neurons where protein breakdown occurs. We generated global and conditional PI31 knockout mouse strains and show that this protein is required for protein homeostasis, and that its conditional inactivation in neurons disrupts synaptic structures and long-term survival. This work establishes a critical role for PI31 and local protein degradation in the maintenance of neuronal architecture, circuitry and function. Because mutations that impair PI31 function cause neurodegenerative diseases in humans, reduced PI31 activity may contribute to age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Diverse temporal dynamics of repetition suppression revealed by intracranial recordings in human ventral temporal cortex
Authors: Rangarajan Vinitha , Jacques Corentin , Knight Robert T. , Weiner Kevin S. , Grill-Spector Kalanit
Published: July 2019

Repeated stimulus presentations commonly produce decreased neural responses - a phenomenon known as repetition suppression (RS) or adaptation – in ventral temporal cortex (VTC) in humans and nonhuman primates. However, the temporal features of RS in human VTC are not well understood. To fill this gap in knowledge, we utilized the precise spatial localization and high temporal resolution of electrocorticography (ECoG) from 9 human subjects implanted with intracranial electrodes in VTC. Subjects viewed non-repeated and repeated images of faces with long-lagged intervals and many intervening stimuli between repeats. We report three main findings: (i) robust RS occurs in VTC for activity in high-frequency broadband (HFB), but not lower frequency bands, (ii) RS of the HFB signal is associated with lower peak magnitude, lower total responses, and earlier peak responses, and (iii) RS effects occur early within initial stages of stimulus processing and persist for the entire stimulus duration. We discuss these findings in the context of early and late components of visual perception, as well as theoretical models of repetition suppression.
Rational Design of a Bifunctional AND-Gate Ligand to Modulate Cell-Cell Interactions
Authors: Lee Jungmin , Vernet Andyna , Redfield Katherine , Lu Shulin , Ghiran Ionita C. , Way Jeffrey C. , Silver Pamela A.
Published: July 2019

Protein “AND-gate” systems, in which a ligand acts only on cells with two different receptors, direct signaling activity to a particular cell type and avoid action on other cells. In a bifunctional AND-Gate protein, the molecular geometry of the protein domains is crucial. Here we constructed a tissue-targeted erythropoietin (EPO) that stimulates red blood cell (RBC) production without triggering thrombosis. EPO was directed to RBC precursors and mature RBCs by fusion to an anti-glycophorin A antibody V region. Many such constructs activated EPO receptorsin vitroand stimulated RBC and not platelet production in mice but nonetheless enhanced thrombosis in mice and caused adhesion between RBCs and EPO receptor-bearing cells. Based on a protein-structural model of the RBC surface, we rationally designed an anti-glycophorin/EPO fusion that does not induce cell adhesionin vitroor enhance thrombosisin vivo. Thus, meso-scale geometry can inform design of synthetic-biological systems.
Tropomyosin Tpm3.1 is required to maintain the structure and function of the axon initial segment
Authors: Abouelezz Amr , Stefen Holly , Segerstråle Mikael , Micinski David , Minkeviciene Rimante , Hardeman Edna C. , Gunning Peter W. , Hoogenraad Casper C. , Taira Tomi , Fath Thomas , Hotulainen Pirta
Published: July 2019

The axon initial segment (AIS) is the site of action potential initiation and serves as a vesicular filter and diffusion barrier that help maintain neuronal polarity. Recent studies have revealed details about a specialized structural complex in the AIS. While an intact actin cytoskeleton is required for AIS formation, pharmacological disruption of actin polymerization compromises the AIS vesicle filter but does not affect overall AIS structure. In this study, we found that the tropomyosin isoform Tpm3.1 decorates a population of relatively stable actin filaments in the AIS. Inhibiting Tpm3.1 in cultured hippocampal neurons led to the loss of AIS structure, the AIS vesicle filter, the clustering of sodium ion channels, and reduced firing frequency. We propose that Tpm3.1-decorated actin filaments form a stable actin filament network under the AIS membrane which provides a scaffold for membrane organization and AIS proteins.
A genetic toolkit for the analysis of metabolic changes in Drosophila provides new insights into metabolic responses to stress and malignant transformation
Authors: Gándara L , Durrieu L , Behrensen C , Wappner P
Published: July 2019

Regulation of the energetic metabolism occurs fundamentally at the cellular level, so analytical strategies must aim to attain single cell resolution to fully embrace its inherent complexity. We have developed methods to utilize a toolset of metabolic FRET sensors for assessing lactate, pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate levels of Drosophila tissues in vivo by imaging techniques. We show here how the energetic metabolism is altered by hypoxia: While larval tissues that contribute directly to adult organs respond to low oxygen levels by executing a metabolic switch towards lactic fermentation, polytene tissues that are degraded during metamorphosis do not alter their energetic metabolism. Analysis of tumor metabolism revealed that depending on the genetic background, some tumors undergo a lactogenic switch typical of the Warburg effect, while other tumors don’t. This toolset allows for developmental and physiologic studies in genetically manipulated Drosophila individuals in vivo.
Adaptive response to BET inhibition induces therapeutic vulnerability to MCL1 inhibitors in breast cancer
Authors: Yan Gonghong , Wang Heping , Luna Augustin , Bozorgui Behnaz , Li Xubin , Sanchez Maga , Dereli Zeynep , Kahraman Nermin , Kara Goknur , Chen Xiaohua , Lu Yiling , Babur Ozgun , Cokol Murat , Ozpolat Bulent , Sander Chris , Mills Gordon B. , Korkut Anil
Published: July 2019

The development of effective targeted therapies for the treatment of basal-like breast cancers remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that BET inhibition induces a multi-faceted adaptive response program leading to MCL1 protein-driven evasion of apoptosis in breast cancers. Consequently, co-targeting MCL1 and BET is highly synergistic inin vitroandin vivobreast cancer models. Drug response and genomics analyses revealed that MCL1 copy number alterations, including low-level gains, are selectively enriched in basal-like breast cancers and associated with effective BET and MCL1 co-targeting. The mechanism of adaptive response to BET inhibition involves upregulation of critical lipid metabolism enzymes including the rate-limiting enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). Changes in the lipid metabolism are associated with increases in cell motility and membrane fluidity as well as transitions in cell morphology and adhesion. The structural changes in the cell membrane leads to re-localization and activation of HER2/EGFR which can be interdicted by inhibiting SCD activity. Active HER2/EGFR, in turn, induces accumulation of MCL1 protein and therapeutic vulnerability to MCL1 inhibitors. The BET protein, lipid metabolism and receptor tyrosine kinase activation cascade is observed in patient cohorts of basal-like and HER2-amplified breast cancers. The high frequency of MCL1 chromosomal amplifications (>30%) and gains (>50%) in basal-like breast cancers suggests that BET and MCL1 co-inhibition may have therapeutic utility in this aggressive subtype.
Characterization of Rose rosette virus and development of reverse genetic system for studying virus accumulation and movement in whole plants
Authors: Verchot Jeanmarie , Herath Venura , Urrutia Cesar D. , Gayral Mathieu , Lyle Kelsey , Shires Madalyn K. , Ong Kevin , Byrne David
Published: July 2019

Rose rosette virus (RRV) is an Emaravirus, a negative-sense RNA virus with a 7-segmented genome that is enclosed by a double membrane. While the genome sequences of many emaraviruses are reported, there is negligible information concerning virus replication and movement in host plants. Computational methods determined that RNA1 encoded the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), RNA2 encoded glycoprotein precursor, and the RNA3 encoded the nucleocapsid (N), all share significant homologies with similar proteins of the Orthobunyavirus family. The RRV terminal UTR sequences are complementary and share significant identity with the UTR sequences of Bunyamwera virus. We report a minireplicon system and a full length infectious clone of RRV, which are the first for any emaravirus species. The photoreversible fluorescent iLOV protein was used to replace the RNA5 open reading frame (R5-iLOV). We demonstrate that agro-infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves to deliver RNA1, RNA3, and R5-iLOV cDNAs led to iLOV expression. A mutation was introduced into the RdRp active site and iLOV expression was eliminated. Delivery of four segments or seven segments of the RRV infectious clone produced systemic infection in N. benthamiana and rose plants. iLOV was also fused to the glycoprotein precursor (R2-iLOV). Using confocal microscopy, the R2-iLOV was seen in spherical bodies along membrane strands inside N. benthamiana epidermal cells. This new technology will enable future research to functionally characterize the RRV proteins, to study the virus-host interactions governing local and systemic infection, and examine the subcellular functions of the Gc.

IMPORTANCE

RRV has emerged as a severe threat to cultivated roses, causing millions of dollars in losses to commercial producers. The majority of the viral gene products have not been researched or characterized until now. We constructed a minireplicon system and an infectious clone of the seven-segmented RRV genome that is contained in a binary vector and delivered by Agrobacterium. This technology has been slow to develop for viruses with negative-strand RNA genomes. It has been especially tricky for plant viruses with multicomponent negative-strand RNA genomes. We report the first reverse genetic system for a member of the genus Emaravirus, Rose rosette virus (RRV). We introduced the iLOV fluorescent protein as a fusion to the Gc protein and as a replacement for the open reading frame in genome segment 5. This game-changing reverse genetic system creates new opportunities for studying negative-strand RNA viruses in plants.
Disentangling causal relationships between inflammatory markers and depression: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Dardani Christina , Yarmolinsky James , Robinson Jamie , Zheng Jie , Smith George Davey , Lewis Sarah J , Sinclair Lindsey I
Published: July 2019

Background

The inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1-Ra), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been associated with depression risk in observational studies. The causal nature of these associations is unclear as conventional observational designs are susceptible to reverse causation and residual confounding. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis uses genetic variants to proxy for risk factors to help elucidate the presence, magnitude, and direction of causal relationships between traits.

Methods

We performed bidirectional two-sample MR to examine causal associations between circulating CRP, IL1-Ra, and IL-6 and major depressive disorder (MDD) in 135,458 cases and 344,901 controls in the Psychiatric Genetics Consortium. Genetic instruments to proxy inflammatory markers and liability to MDD were constructed by obtaining single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these phenotypes in genome-wide association study meta-analyses. Wald ratios and inverse-variance weighted random-effects models were employed to generate causal effect estimates and various sensitivity analyses were performed to examine violations of MR assumptions.

Results

There was evidence supporting a causal effect of circulating IL-6 on risk of MDD (per natural-log increase: OR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.96, P=0.007). Higher circulating levels of IL-6 as influenced by variants in the IL6R gene region represent lower cellular binding of IL-6 to its receptor and therefore the present results suggest that IL-6 increases the risk of MDD. We found limited evidence supporting a causal effect of CRP (1.06, 95% CI 0.93-1.22; P=0.36) or IL1-Ra (OR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.87-1.03, P=0.20) on risk of MDD. Reverse direction MR analyses suggested limited evidence for a causal effect of genetic liability to MDD on any of the inflammatory markers examined.

Conclusions

These findings support a causal role of IL-6-related pathways in development of major depressive disorder and suggest the possible efficacy of interleukin-6 inhibition as a therapeutic target for depression.
DMENet: Diabetic Macular Edema Diagnosis using Hierarchical Ensemble of CNN’s
Authors: Singh Rajeev Kumar , Gorantla Rohan
Published: July 2019

Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is an advanced stage of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and can lead to permanent vision loss. Currently, it affects 26.7 million people globally and on account of such huge number of DME cases and limited number of ophthalmologists, it is desirable to automate the diagnosis process. Computer-assisted, deep learning based diagnosis will help in early detection, following which appropriate medication can help to mitigate the vision loss. Method: In order to automate the screening of DME, we propose a novel DMENet Algorithm which is built on the pillars of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN’s). DMENet analyses the preprocessed color fundus images and passes it through a two-stage pipeline. The first stage detects the presence or absence of DME whereas the second stage takes the positive cases and grades the images based on severity. In both the stages, we use a novel Hierarchical Ensemble of CNN’s (HE-CNN). This paper uses two of the popular publicly available datasets IDRiD and MESSIDOR for classification. Preprocessing on the images is performed using morphological opening, Gaussian kernel and the dataset is augmented to solve the class imbalance problem. Results: The proposed methodology achieved an Accuracy of 96.12%, Sensitivity of 96.32%, Specificity of 95.84%, and F–1 score of 0.9609. Conclusion: These excellent results establishes the validity of the proposed methodology for use in DME screening and solidifies the applicability of HE-CNN classification technique in the domain of bio-medical imaging.
Drug target discovery via network modeling: a mathematical model of theE. colifolate network response to trimethoprim
Authors: Jalli Inderpreet , Lunt Sophia , Xu Wenjia , Lopez Carmen , Contreras Andreas , Wilmot Cari-Sue , Shih Timothy , Nijhout Frederik
Published: July 2019

The antibiotic trimethoprim targets the bacterial dihydrofolate reductase enzyme and subsequently affects the entire folate network. We present an expanded mathematical model of trimethoprim’s action on theEscherichia colifolate network that greatly improves upon Kwonet al.(2008). The improvement upon the Kwon Model lends greater insight into the effects of trimethoprim at higher resolution and accuracy. More importantly, the presented mathematical model enables drug target discovery in a way the earlier model could not. Using the improved mathematical model as a scaffold, we use parameter optimization to search for new drug targets that replicate the effect of trimethoprim. We present the model and model-scaffold strategy as an efficient route for drug target discovery.
ADCK4 deficiency destabilizes the coenzyme Q complex, which is rescued by 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid treatment
Authors: Widmeier Eugen , Yu Seyoung , Nag Anish , Chung Youn Wook , Nakayama Makiko , Hugo Hannah , Buerger Florian , Schapiro David , Choi Won-Il , Kim Jae-woo , Ryu Ji-Hwan , Lee Min Goo , Clarke Catherine F. , Hildebrandt Friedhelm , Gee Heon Yung
Published: July 2019

ADCK4mutations usually manifest as steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, and cause coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) deficiency. However, the function of ADCK4 remains obscure. We investigated ADCK4 function using mouse and cell models. Podocyte-specificAdck4deletion in mice significantly reduced survival and caused severe focal segmental glomerular sclerosis with extensive interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, which were prevented by treatment with 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4-diHB), an analog of CoQ10precursor molecule. ADCK4 knockout podocytes exhibited significantly decreased CoQ10level, respiratory chain activity, mitochondrial potential, and dysmorphic mitochondria with loss of cristae formation, which were rescued by 2,4-diHB treatment, thus attributing these phenotypes to decreased CoQ10levels. ADCK4 interacted with mitochondrial proteins including COQ5, and also cytoplasmic proteins including myosin and heat shock proteins. ADCK4 knockout decreased COQ complex levels, and the COQ5 level was rescued by ADCK4 overexpression in ADCK4 knockout podocytes. Overall, ADCK4 is required for CoQ10biosynthesis and mitochondrial function in podocytes.
Implications of disturbed photon-counting statistics of Eiger detectors for X-ray speckle visibility experiments
Authors: Möller Johannes , Reiser Mario , Hallmann Jörg , Boesenberg Ulrike , Zozulya Alexey , Rahmann Hendrik , Becker Anna-Lena , Westermeier Fabian , Zinn Thomas , Zontone Federico , Gutt Christian , Madsen Anders
Published: July 2019

This paper reports on coherent scattering experiments in the low-count regime with less than one photon per pixel per acquisition on average, conducted with two detectors based on the Eiger single-photon-counting chip. The obtained photon-count distributions show systematic deviations from the expected Poisson–gamma distribution, which result in a strong overestimation of the measured speckle contrast. It is shown that these deviations originate from an artificial increase of double-photon events, which is proportional to the detected intensity and inversely proportional to the exposure time. The observed miscounting effect may have important implications for new coherent scattering experiments emerging with the advent of high-brilliance X-ray sources. Different correction schemes are discussed in order to obtain the correct photon distributions from the data. A successful correction is demonstrated with the measurement of Brownian motion from colloidal particles using X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy.
A longitudinal study of the textual characteristics in the chairman’s statements of Guinness
Authors: Moreno Alonso , Jones Michael John , Quinn Martin
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to longitudinally analyse the evolution of multiple narrative textual characteristics in the chairman’s statements of Guinness from 1948 to 1996, with the aim of studying impression management influences. It attempts to contribute insights on impression management over time.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper attempts to contribute to external accounting communication literature, by building on the socio-psychological tradition within the functionalist-behavioural transmission perspective. The paper analyses multiple textual characteristics (positive, negative, tentative, future and external references, length, numeric references and first person pronouns) over 49 years and their potential relationship to profitability. Other possible disclosure drivers are also controlled.

Findings

The findings show that Guinness consistently used qualitative textual characteristics with a self-serving bias, but did not use those with a more quantitative character. Continual profits achieved by the company, and the high corporate/personal reputation of the company/chairpersons, inter alia, may well explain limited evidence of impression management associated with quantitative textual characteristics. The context appears related to the evolution of the broad communication pattern.

Practical implications

Impression management is likely to be present in some form in corporate disclosures of most companies, not only those companies with losses. If successful, financial reporting quality may be undermined and capital misallocations may result. Companies with a high public exposure such as those with a high reputation or profitability may use impression management in a different way.

Originality/value

Studies analysing multiple textual characteristics in corporate narratives tend to focus on different companies in a single year, or in two consecutive years. This study analyses multiple textual characteristics over many consecutive years. It also gives an original historical perspective, by studying how impression management relates to its context, as demonstrated by a unique data set. In addition, by using the same company, the possibility that different corporate characteristics between companies will affect results is removed. Moreover, Guinness, a well-known international company, was somewhat unique as it achieved continual profits.
Journey or toolbox? Integrated reporting and processes of organisational change
Authors: Higgins Colin , Stubbs Wendy , Tweedie Dale , McCallum Gregory
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Motivated by Morgan’s (1997) analysis of the “paradoxical” role of metaphors in understanding and managing organisations, the purpose of this paper is to assess in what respects organisations using integrated reporting (IR) are on a “journey” of organisational change.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper analyses IR practitioner literature to interpret the IR journey metaphor more precisely. The authors then use in-depth interviews to assess the extent to which this metaphor captures how six early adopter organisations in Australia implement IR, and what changes result, over four years.

Findings

The journey metaphor implies substantive and holistic organisational change. By contrast, the authors find organisations use IR in contextual, instrumental and piecemeal ways. The authors propose a “toolbox” metaphor to help (re)present how organisations adapt their reporting to fit decisions already made, and challenges presented, through ordinary and ongoing strategic management.

Research limitations/implications

Morgan (1997) stresses metaphors are invariably used to both describe and manage organisations. The authors’ analysis identifies specific ways the IR journey metaphor is descriptively misleading. The authors’ “toolbox” metaphor suggests different ways organisations are, or could, manage IR to create value.

Originality/value

This is the first paper to provide a systematic analysis of the IR journey metaphors, and to assess in what respects this metaphor captures actual organisational practice. The findings also challenge the broader notion in academic research that reporting frameworks can lead organisational change.
Simulation of active cancellation system based on N-order SSC algorithm
Authors: Wu Yacong , Huang Jun , Yi Mingxu , Zhang Chaopu
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the theoretical basis of N-order spectral spreading-compressing (SSC) frequency shift interference algorithm and expand it to active cancellation. An active cancellation simulation and verification system based on N-order SSC algorithm is established and carried out; simultaneously, the absorbing material coating stealth simulation of two kinds of thickness is carried out to compare the stealth effect with active cancellation system.

Design/methodology/approach

The active cancellation method based on N-order SSC algorithm is proposed based on theoretical formula derivation; the active cancellation simulation and verification system is established in MATLAB/Simulink. The full-size model is built by CATIA and meshed by hypermesh. The omnidirectional radar cross section (RCS) is calculated in cadFEKO, and the results are analyzed in postFEKO.

Findings

The simulations are implemented on a stealth fighter, and results show that after active cancellation, the peak of spectrum analyzer has reduced in all azimuths, the omnidirectional RCS has also decreased and the detection probability of almost all azimuths has dropped under 50 per cent. The absorbing material coating stealth simulations of two kinds of thickness are carried out, and results show that the stealth effect of active cancellation is much better than absorbing material coating.

Practical implications

An active cancellation system based on SSC algorithm is proposed in this paper, and the effect of active cancellation is verified and compared with that of absorbing materials. A new method for the current active stealth is provided in this paper.

Originality/value

Active cancellation simulation and verification system is established. RCS calculation module, signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) calculation module and detection probability module are built to verify the effect of active cancellation system. Simultaneously, the absorbing material coating stealth simulation is carried out, and the stealth effect of absorbing material coating and active cancellation are compared and analyzed.
Linking employees’ affective commitment and knowledge sharing for an increased customer orientation
Authors: Lombardi Sara , Sassetti Sara , Cavaliere Vincenzo
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Building on the attitude–behavior relationship model, this study aims to contribute to customer orientation literature by suggesting that service employees’ commitment (i.e. personal attitude) affects their customer orientation via the effect of their participation in knowledge sharing with colleagues (i.e. employees’ behavior).

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical analysis has been developed around survey data, collected from 165 service workers of Italian museums. The hypotheses are tested through the SPSS PROCESS macro plugin.

Findings

Drawing on the importance of human capital to tourism organizations, this study illustrates that affective commitment has a positive and significant influence on employees’ customer orientation, and that this relationship is fully mediated by knowledge-sharing behaviors.

Practical implications

As attitudes are more stable than behaviors, the findings suggest that managers of tourism organizations implement appropriate selection and recruitment techniques, together with adequate involvement and empowerment activities, to identify and support individuals whose attitudes fit the organizational goals.

Originality/value

Acknowledging the contribution that workers can give to service organizations’ success, this paper enriches the understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the relationship between employees’ attitudes and their orientation toward the customer. Building on the cognitive dissonance theory, it adds to extant research on the individual antecedents of employees’ customer orientation by shedding light on the attitude–behavior relationship in tourism organizations.
Employees’ evaluative repertoires of tourism and hospitality jobs
Authors: Schneider Anna , Treisch Corinna
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to examine employees’ evaluative repertoires of tourism and hospitality jobs and segments them based on a set of job attribute preferences. Understanding the social–cultural underpinnings of employees’ job preferences is vital if employers are to overcome the challenging task of finding and retaining talented employees in the tourism and hospitality industry.

Design/methodology/approach

A discrete-choice experiment with waiters, barkeepers, cooks and front-desk employees working in the Tyrolean tourism industry was conducted. Employees were categorized into distinct segments using a hierarchical Bayesian analysis and a cluster analysis.

Findings

Results show that flexible working hours and the ability to balance professional and private aspirations are the most important job attributes for employees. Overall, the evaluative repertoires of the “green” and “domestic (family)” conventions are most prevalent.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributes to literature on talent management by providing insights into employees’ evaluations of jobs and their evaluative repertoires embedded in the broader social–cultural context.

Practical implications

Industry representatives and employers can adapt their recruiting and retention strategies based on employees’ job preferences.

Social implications

Adapting job attributes according to employees’ evaluative repertoires helps to ensure the long-term sustainability of the industry workforce.

Originality/value

Applying the Economics of Convention (EC) perspective, combining organizational job attributes and socially embedded evaluative repertoires provides a new approach to analysing and understanding employees’ job preferences.
Mobile nodes for improving security and lifetime efficiency in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Salah Mohammed Saïd , Abderrahim Maizate , Mohamed Ouzzif , Mohamed Toumi
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to provide an acceptable level of security while taking into account limited capabilities of the sensors. This paper proposes a mobile approach to securing data exchanged by structured nodes in a cluster.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is based on mobile nodes with significant calculation and energy resources that allow cryptographic key management and periodic rekeying. However, mobility in wireless sensor networks aims to increase the security and lifetime of the entire network. The technical methods used in this paper are based on cryptography elliptic curves and key management through a balanced binary tree.

Findings

To maintain the effectiveness of critical applications based on wireless sensor networks, a good level of nodes security must be ensured, taking into account their limited energy and computing. Collaboration between powerful mobile nodes provides better coverage and a good key management. Owing to the significant capabilities of the mobile nodes, they can be used to secure critical applications at the same time if needed in applications requiring difficult operations.

Originality/value

To compare the performance of the proposed approach with other mobile algorithms, the following metrics are focused on: the energy consumed by normal sensors and cluster heads, the number of packets exchanged during key installation, time to generate and distribute cryptographic keys and the memory used by the different sensors to store keys.
Pharmaceutical promotional activity and patient’s quality of life
Authors: Umar Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of these unethical promotional activities on patient’s quality of life.

Design/methodology/approach

In-depth interviews were conducted, and then quantitative method was also used on a large number of health care professionals.

Findings

Findings of the study demonstrated that unethical activities influence biased prescriptions and then it helps to misuse of medicines. The drug resistance is also affected by misuse of medicines. Misuse of medicine further affects on financial burden on patient. Drug resistance has impact on health compromise. Furthermore, finding of the study describes that drug resistance, health compromise and financial lead to the imbalance of patient’s quality of life. Overall, findings revealed that pharmaceutical unethical promotional activity to achieve sales target is also a major cause of elements that disturbs patient’s quality of life.

Originality/value

This is a research paper and not published before.
SEC credits self-reporting and cooperation in not imposing penalty on ICO sponsor
Authors: Hawke Daniel
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To explain a February 20, 2019 US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) settled enforcement action against Gladius Network LLC for failing to register an initial coin offering (ICO) under the federal securities laws, in which Gladius was able to avoid a civil penalty by self-reporting the violation and cooperating with the SEC enforcement staff.

Design/methodology/approach

Explains Gladius’ self-reporting, cooperation and remedial steps; why the SEC imposed no civil penalty on Gladius; and two similar cases the SEC instituted in July 2018 against companies that conducted unregistered ICOs, did not self-report, and were penalized. Provides analysis and conclusions.

Findings

The Gladius case offers important insight into how the SEC and its staff think about cooperation credit in resolving SEC enforcement actions and sends a clear message that self-reporting to the SEC can result in meaningful cooperation credit. In three recent cases, the Commission has made clear that once it put the industry on notice that ICOs could be securities that must be registered under the federal securities laws, a party risks enforcement action by failing to do so.

Originality/value

Expert analysis and guidance from an experienced securities lawyer who counsels clients on all manner of SEC enforcement, examination and regulatory policy matters.
Does financial development and trade openness enhance industrial energy consumption? A sustainable developmental perspective
Authors: Haider Salman , Adil Masudul Hasan
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is investigate the dynamic linkages among industrial energy use, industrial value added, financial development (FD) and trade openness, in case of India. The study covers the annual frequency data on both aggregate and disaggregate variables for the period 1971–2016.

Design/methodology/approach

The autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach is applied to examine the long-run relation among variables under consideration. Also, Johansen and Juselius (1990) and vector error-correction mechanism results confirm the result of cointegration. Furthermore, non-linear relationship in the model is also tested.

Findings

It has been found that there exists long-run relationship among variables. Long-run estimates show that increasing FD leads to more energy uses. Hence, FD should be directed in such a way that it incentivises firms to invest in energy-efficient technology. Furthermore, it is also found that study supports the evidence of conservative hypothesis, which supports that the energy conservation policy should be adopted in the industrial sector. Energy efficiency programme needs to be designed very carefully to achieve a higher level of energy efficiency. This leads to a sustainable growth and low carbon emission.

Originality/value

This paper examines the recent trend in Indian industrial energy consumption and does a comprehensive analysis using a robust econometric method. We have developed a lucid model to examine the deriving factors of industrial energy consumption.
The revenue persistence of US accounting firms: impacts of SOX and financial crisis
Authors: Song KiKyung , Whang Eunyoung
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Typical accounting firms offer three types of accounting services to their clients: accounting and auditing (AA), tax (TAX) and management advisory services (MAS). Each accounting service has a different revenue persistence. Moreover, revenue persistence is affected by exogenous events such as new regulations (e.g. Sarbanes-Oxley Act [SOX] in 2002) and market conditions (e.g. the financial crisis of 2008). This paper aims to examine the revenue persistence of accounting services and how it is affected by SOX and the financial crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

Using 742 firm-year observations from 100 of the largest US accounting firms from 1999 to 2015, this paper examines whether revenue from AA, TAX and MAS has different degrees of persistence and how SOX and the financial crisis in 2008 change the revenue persistence of each accounting service.

Findings

This paper finds that MAS generates more persistent revenue than AA and TAX. SOX enhances the revenue persistence of MAS. The financial crisis makes revenue from AA less persistent than during the pre-financial crisis period.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the understanding of the revenue persistence of accounting services and the impact of exogenous events such as SOX and the financial crisis of 2008.
Behavioral analysis of long-term implied volatilities
Authors: Xu Min , Xie Hong , Wu Yuehua
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze different behaviors between long-term options’ implied volatilities and realized volatilities.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses a widely adopted short interest rate model that describes a stochastic process of the short interest rate to capture interest rate risk. Price a long-term option by a system of two stochastic processes to capture both underlying asset and interest rate volatilities. Model capital charges according to the Basel III regulatory specified approach. S&P 500 index and relevant data are used to illustrate how the proposed model works. Coup with the low interest rate scenario by first choosing an optimal time segment obtained by a multiple change-point detection method, and then using the data from the chosen time segment to estimate the CIR model parameters, and finally obtaining the final option price by incorporating the capital charge costs.

Findings

Monotonic increase in long-term option implied volatility can be explained mainly by interest rate risk, and the level of implied volatility can be explained by various valuation adjustments, particularly risk capital costs, which differ from existing published literatures that typically explained the differences in behaviors of long-term implied volatilities by the volatility of volatility or risk premium. The empirical results well explain long-term volatility behaviors.

Research limitations/implications

The authors only consider the market risk capital in this paper for demonstration purpose. Dealers may price the long-term options with the credit risk. It appears that other than the market risks such as underlying asset volatility and interest rate volatility, the market risk capital is a main nonmarket risk factor that significantly affects the long-term option prices.

Practical implications

Analysis helps readers and/or users of long-term options to understand why long-term option implied equity volatilities are much higher than observed. The framework offered in the paper provides some guidance if one would like to check if a long-term option is priced reasonable.

Originality/value

It is the first time to analyze mathematically long-term options’ volatility behavior in comparison with historically observed volatility.
Targeted ITS1 sequencing unravels the mycodiversity of deep‐sea sediments from the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Vargas‐Gastélum Lluvia , Chong‐Robles Jennyfers , Lago‐Lestón Asunción , Darcy John L. , Amend Anthony S. , Riquelme Meritxell
Published: July 2019

Fungi from marine environments have been significantly less studied than terrestrial fungi. This study describes distribution patterns and associated habitat characteristics of the mycobiota of deep‐sea sediments collected from the Mexican exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), ranging between 1000 and > 3500 m depth. Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) amplicons were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. From 29 stations sampled across three annual campaigns, a total of 4421 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained, indicating a high fungal richness. Most OTUs assignments corresponded to Ascomycota, unidentified fungi and Basidiomycota. The majority of the stations shared a mere 31 OTUs, including the worldwide reported genera Penicillium, Rhodotorula and Cladosporium. Both a transient and a conserved community were identified, suggesting their dependence on or adaptation to the habitat dynamics, respectively. The differences found in fungal richness and taxonomic compositions were correlated principally with latitude, carbon and carbonates content, and terrigenous content, which could be the potential drivers that delimit fungal distribution. This study represents an expansion of our current knowledge on the biogeography of the fungal community from deep‐sea sediments, and identifies the geographic and physicochemical properties that delimit fungal composition and distribution in the GoM.
Commemorating the 50‐Year Anniversary of Ball and Brown (1968): The Evolution of Capital Market Research over the Past 50 Years
Authors: KOTHARI S. P. , WASLEY CHARLES
Published: July 2019

We commemorate the 50th anniversary of Ball and Brown [1968] by chronicling its impact on capital market research in accounting. We trace the evolution of various research paths that post–Ball and Brown [1968] researchers took as they sought to build on the foundation laid by Ball and Brown [1968] to create a body of research on the usefulness, timeliness, and other properties of accounting numbers. We discuss how those paths often link back to the groundwork laid and questions originally posed in Ball and Brown [1968].
Functioning of Concerned Others When Adults Enter Treatment for an Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Timko Christine , Grant Kathleen M. , Cucciare Michael A.
Published: July 2019

Background

Poor functioning among Concerned Others (COs; family and friends of an individual with an alcohol or other substance use disorder) is a significant public health problem. The purpose of this study was to inform interventions for COs by examining potential correlates of 3 aspects of functioning: quality of life, mental health, and knowledge of how to handle problems related to their drinker.

Methods

This study collected data from 277 COs when their friend or family member (their “drinker”) was entering treatment for an alcohol use disorder. Potential correlates were the drinker's substance use severity, the CO–drinker relationship and communication, and COs’ coping and perceived stigma related to involvement with their drinker.

Results

In a summary analysis, only stressors in the CO–drinker relationship (the drinker's criticism, disagreement, anger, and demands) were consistently associated with poorer functioning as indicated by COs’ poorer quality of life and mental health. In contrast, only COs’ use of approach coping was associated with COs’ knowing how to handle problems related to the drinker.

Conclusions

Because reducing both relationship stressors and the link between stressors and poor functioning can be achieved through CO and drinker education and intervention, these findings inform how to effectively support COs’ goals for better functioning.
Electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar depression – effectiveness and prognostic factors
Authors: Popiolek K. , Bejerot S. , Brus O. , Hammar Å. , Landén M. , Lundberg J. , Nordanskog P. , Nordenskjöld A.
Published: July 2019

Objective

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used in patients with severe forms of bipolar depression. ECT is effective but not all patients respond. The aim of this study was to determine prognostic factors for response to ECT in patients hospitalized for bipolar depression.

Methods

Data were obtained from several national Swedish registers. All patients with bipolar depression treated with ECT in any hospital in Sweden between 2011 and 2016 for whom information about ECT response was available were included (n = 1251). Response was defined as a score on the Clinical Global Impression – Improvement scale of one or two. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to investigate associations between socio‐demographic and clinical factors and response.

Results

Response was achieved in 80.2% patients. Older age was associated with higher response rate to ECT. Patients with comorbid obsessive‐compulsive disorder or personality disorder, and patients previously treated with lamotrigine had lower response rate.

Conclusion

Electroconvulsive therapy for bipolar depression was associated with very high response rates. The strongest prognostic factors were higher age, absence of comorbid obsessive‐compulsive disorder or personality disorder, and less prior pharmacologic treatment.
N‐acetyltransferase 2 polymorphism and acetylation profiles in Buginese ethnics of Indonesia
Authors: Yuliwulandari Rika , Susilowati Retno Wilujeng , Razari Intan , Viyati Kencono , Umniyati Helwiah , Prayuni Kinasih
Published: July 2019

Background

N‐acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is a key enzyme involved in the phase II metabolism of aromatic amines and heterocyclic aromatic amines present in a wide range of xenobiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the NAT2 polymorphism in the Buginese ethnic group of Indonesia to determine the frequency of NAT2 alleles in this population.

Results

We found six haplotypes consisting of six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and 12 NAT2 genotype variations. NAT2*6A haplotype (42%) showed the highest frequency, followed by NAT2*4 (33%), NAT2*7B (15%), NAT2*5B (5%), NAT2*12A (3%), and NAT2*13 (2%). In terms of phenotypes, the Buginese population comprised 18% rapid acetylators, 40% intermediate acetylators, and 42% slow acetylators.

Conclusion

We confirmed the high‐frequency slow acetylator phenotype in the Buginese population. The NAT2*6A/*6A genotype was the most frequent slow acetylator genotype, followed by NAT2*6A/*7B. The pattern of NAT2 alleles of Buginese is similar to Southeast Asian populations but not Northeast Asian populations. However, the slow acetylator frequencies in the Buginese population were higher than those in Northeast Asian populations and lower than those in Caucasians and some American populations.