bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of Evidence Supporting the Role of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Huang Jinke , Lu Mengxiong , Zheng Yijun , Ma Jinxin , Ma Xiangxue , Wang Yitian , Zhang Kunli , Wang Fengyun , Tang Xudong
Published: December 2021

Objectives. To systematically collate, appraise, and synthesize the current evidence on acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods. Systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses (MAs) of acupuncture for IBS were searched in eight databases. For quality evaluation of the enrolled studies, Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) was used for methodological quality, Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for reporting quality, and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) for evidence quality. Results. Ten studies were included in our review. According to AMSTAR-2, only one study met all the criteria and was rated as high methodological quality, and the rest were rated as low or very low methodological quality. According to the PRISMA checklist, most of the items were fully reported, with the exception of Q5 (protocol and registration), Q8 (search), and Q27 (funding). With the GRADE system, no outcome measure was rated as high quality. Conclusions. Acupuncture may be a promising therapy for IBS. However, this conclusion must be treated with caution since the quality of SRs/MAs providing evidence is generally low.
Intelligent Scheduling Method Supporting Stadium Sharing
Authors: Fang Lei
Published: December 2021

At present, the fast-paced work and life make people under great pressure, and people’s enthusiasm for fitness is getting higher and higher, which is in contradiction with the shortage of existing stadiums. So it is considerably significant to open shared stadiums near where citizens live for booking. Therefore, how to allow citizens to book a suitable stadium according to their own needs through mobile phones or computers is an urgent problem to be solved. The booking of the shared stadium can be regarded as a mobile edge computing (MEC) scenario, and the problem can be transformed into task scheduling research under MEC through intelligent scheduling method. When using edge computing (EC) technology for service calculation, the mobile terminal needs to offload the service to the edge computing server. After the server completes the calculation, the calculation results will be sent back to the mobile terminal. Therefore, the calculation time and system energy consumption in the calculation process can be further reduced through task scheduling to improve user satisfaction. In this study, joint scheduling of service caching and task algorithm is proposed to reduce the latency of booking shared stadium request and improve user experience. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm with edge cooperation idea can achieve lower average system latency at lower load level and can significantly reduce the cloud offloading ratio under low and middle pressure. In addition, the proposed algorithm uses the secondary transfer of more tasks to reduce the pressure of local task running. Finally, the quality of experience (QoE) satisfaction rate under low pressure is guaranteed.
Dynamic Response Analysis of a Forced Fractional Viscoelastic Beam

∗
Authors: Yildirim Kenan , Alkan Sertan
Published: December 2021

In this paper, dynamic response analysis of a forced fractional viscoelastic beam under moving external load is studied. The beauty of this study is that the effect of values of fractional order, the effect of internal damping, and the effect of intensity value of the moving force load on the dynamic response of the beam are analyzed. Constitutive equations for fractional order viscoelastic beam are constructed in the manner of Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Solution of the fractional beam system is obtained by using Bernoulli collocation method. Obtained results are presented in the tables and graphical forms for two different beam systems, which are polybutadiene beam and butyl B252 beam.
Research on Marketing Prediction Model Based on Markov Prediction
Authors: Chen Haiying , Chen Haiyan , Zhang Wei , Yang Chaodan , Cui Hongxiu
Published: December 2021

Many activities in modern business marketing management are random and repetitive. The marketing effect is constantly influenced by a variety of factors such as changing market supply and demand, customers’ purchase intentions, and national financial policy. As a result, Markov analysis can be used to analyze the status and trend of some variables, that is, to predict the future status and trend of a variable based on its current status and trend, in order to forecast possible changes in the future and take appropriate countermeasures. The mathematical model of product marketing prediction is presented in this paper by establishing the probability matrix of product state transition and analyzing and calculating with the Markov chain, resulting in a practical and reliable theoretical basis for economic prediction. After using the Markov analysis method, a suitable mathematical model can be created based on market investigation and statistics, which is extremely useful for making reasonable predictions about the market’s future development trend and improving marketing effectiveness.
Research on Sports and Health Intelligent Diagnosis Based on Cluster Analysis
Authors: Lian Zhiqiang , Liu Shanyun , Lu Jieming , Zhou Luxing
Published: December 2021

In order to explore the relationship between sports and health and improve the scientific nature of sports, this paper uses cluster analysis algorithm as the basis, adopts the entropy estimation method for small sample sets to estimate the information entropy value, and improves the mutual information estimation to propose a mutual information estimation method based on entropy estimation. Moreover, this paper uses a clustering algorithm to combine sports and health intelligent diagnosis requirements to construct a system structure. The system recommends better sports suggestions to the user according to the user’s physical condition, makes sports plans according to the user’s health, and can also analyze the user’s sports process. In addition, on the basis of demand analysis, this paper designs experiments to test the performance of the system constructed in this paper. From the experimental statistical results, it can be seen that the system constructed in this paper can basically meet the actual needs of sports and health intelligent diagnosis. At the same time, this paper proves that there is a strong correlation between sports and health.
Effective Emotion Recognition Technique in NLP Task over Nonlinear Big Data Cluster
Authors: Park Woo Hyun , Shin Dong Ryeol , Qureshi Nawab Muhammad Faseeh
Published: December 2021

Human‐to‐human communication can be achieved not only by body language but also by high‐level language. Moreover, information can be conveyed in writing. In particular, the high‐level and specific process of logical thinking can be expressed in writing. Text is data that we encounter daily, and there are hidden patterns in it. A person’s cognitive activity, that is, text data, contains the author’s emotions. In the existing text analysis method, simply using the frequency of words has limited interpretability. The model proposed in this paper is a nonlinear emotion system based on emotion to increase document diversity. The purpose is to effectively converge features by assigning weights to a nonlinear function with existing training and learning methods. Our study used the confusion matrix, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and F1‐score as evaluation methods. This research created a new error function and measured emotions. The accuracy was 0.9447, and the model’s receiver operating curve peak was 0.9845, which is somewhat similar to that of TF‐IDF in the evaluation.
Effect of Hafnium Coating on Osseointegration of Titanium Implants: A Split Mouth Animal Study
Authors: Rajaraman Vaishnavi , Nallaswamy Deepak , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Rajeshkumar S. , Ariga Padma , Ganesh Karthik
Published: December 2021

The behaviour of hafnium as surface coating in biological environments has not been studied. Little is known about osseointegration of hafnium-coated titanium implants. Thus, further studies of hafnium coating under biological conditions are required in order to determine the suitability of this material, as a surface coating for biomedical application. The aim of the study is to analyse the difference between hafnium-coated titanium and uncoated titanium by evaluating the osseointegration ability of hafnium metal and mechanism of which promotes better bone integration. The study was conducted with a split mouth design on 16 Wistar Albino rats of both sexes, at the age of 6-7 months, weighing

2526.5
±
74.4
 
g

. Self-tapping titanium osteosynthesis screws (

4
 
mm
×
2
 
mm

) (LeForte System Bone Screw®) were implanted in the mandible of rats: Group A (pure titanium screws,

n
=
12

) and Group B (hafnium-coated screws,

n
=
12

). The implanted screws’ stability was checked and noted with a specially customised torque apparatus during insertion and removal of implant. The tissue sections were then processed for hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome for bone and connective tissue examination, after 4 and 8 weeks of placement. Hafnium coating appears to have offered similar biocompatibility (aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) enzyme assay), statistically significant improvement (independent Student’s

t

-test,

p
<
0.05

) in insertion torque (

25.42
±
3.965

) and removal torque (

29.17
±
2.887

) than commercially pure titanium with insertion torque (

22.08
±
.575

) and removal torque (

25.42
±
2.575

). Hafnium coating in the rat mandible showed promising osseointegration with good tissue biocompatibility. Further human trials of hafnium-coated implants are needed to understand the biological behaviour better to enhance clinical performance.
An Efficient Online Multiparty Interactive Medical Prediagnosis Scheme with Privacy Protection
Authors: Zhang Qiuyue , Zheng Xiao , Wang Xiujun
Published: December 2021

Medical prediagnosis systems are now available online to give users quick and preliminary diagnosis information. The need for such a system has become particularly evident in areas with insufficient health professionals. Due to the privacy of patient medical information and the sensitivity of cloud diagnosis models, it is necessary to protect the security of data, models, and communications. These existing diagnosis systems can hardly provide a satisfied diagnosis accuracy while ensuring comprehensive security and high efficiency. In order to solve these problems, we proposed Relief‐k minimum Wasserstein distance (Relief‐kMW) classification method, which combined data encryption and BLS signature to form a privacy‐preserving efficient online multiparty interactive medical prediagnostic scheme (OMPD). Theoretical analysis shows our OMPD effectively provides high‐precision prediagnosis services. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that OMPD not only greatly improves the diagnostic accuracy but also reduces the computational and communication overhead.
A Systematic Review of the Stability of Extemporaneous Pediatric Oral Formulations
Authors: Belayneh Anteneh , Tessema Zenaw
Published: December 2021

Background. Extemporaneous compounding is a pharmacy practice to produce suitable pharmaceutical preparations when there are no commercially available, licensed, and age-specific dosage forms. Compared to the use of authorized drugs, these preparations have significant risks. Stability issues are one of the major concerns during the preparation of extemporaneous formulations. Aim. The aim of this work was to study the stability of pediatric extemporaneous formulations of commercially available conventional solid dosage forms by reviewing systematically the currently available stability studies. Method. Articles were searched in the databases of the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. From all the searched articles, a total of 28 experimental studies reporting the stability of oral pediatric extemporaneous formulations were included based on the inclusion criteria. Oral extemporaneous formulations from commercially available dosage forms and pure drugs were considered. According to the United States and British Pharmacopeia (USP and BP), most extemporaneous formulations are accepted as chemically stable if they maintain ≥90% of the original drug amount, physically stable if there is no apparent change in physical property, and microbiologically stable if there is no growth of microorganisms in prepared formulations. Finding. In this study, most extemporaneous pediatric oral formulations were chemically, physically, and microbiologically stable and retained more than 90% of the initial content. Very few studies did not include either a physical stability test or a microbiological stability test. Conclusion. According to this systematic review, the chemical and physical instabilities as well as microbial growth on pediatric oral extemporaneous formulations are very rare in published experimental studies. Most studies show that extemporaneous preparations are stable at the ICH recommended storage conditions and duration. Generally, extemporaneously prepared oral formulations will be the promising option for child medications.
The Effect of Ion-to-Electron Mass Ratio on the Electron Beam-Plasma Interaction
Authors: Rafiei Maryamsadat , Sahrai Mostafa , Hosseinpour Mahboub , Esfandyari-Kalejahi Abdolrasoul
Published: December 2021

Two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of ion-to-electron mass ratio on the evolution of warm electron beam-plasma instability. Four cases are considered: A: mi/me = 0 (two-electron stream instability); B: mi/me = 1 (pair plasma); C: mi/me = 100; and D: mi/me = 1000. It is shown that the generation of Langmuir waves in the fundamental mode of electron plasma frequency and the subsequent dynamics of large-amplitude solitons are not affected by the ion species. However, it determines the decay process of solitons and the excitation of electromagnetic waves in the second harmonic. In the first two cases, mi/me = 0 and 1, there is no sign of emission in the second harmonic, while the strongest emission in the second harmonic is found for the case of largest mass ratio, mi/me = 1000. This confirms the two-step wave-wave coupling mechanism for the generation of second harmonic electromagnetic waves, which requires the excitation of ion-acoustic waves in the first step. Moreover, the dispersion diagrams of all excited waves are presented.
Association between Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Clinical Outcome after Ischemic Stroke, Intracerebral Hemorrhage, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Pan Wen , Zhang Min , Guo Zhenping , Xiao Wenfeng , You Chao , Xue Lingshuai
Published: December 2021

Backgrounds: Previous studies reported inconsistent results regarding associations between apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism and clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Thus, the study was designed to make a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the association between APOE polymorphism and clinical outcome after IS, ICH, and SAH. Methods: To identify studies eligible for this meta-analysis, we searched for articles published before August 2021 in the databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). We used STATA 12.0 software to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) regarding APOE polymorphism and clinical outcome after IS, ICH, and SAH. Results: Meta-analysis showed no significant association between APOE polymorphism and functional outcome after IS with fixed effects models (ε4 carrier vs. non-ε4 carrier: HR, 1.00; 95% CI: 0.83–1.21, I2 = 29.4%, p = 0.183; ε2 carrier vs. non-ε2 carrier: HR, 0.92; 95% CI: 0.72–1.16, I2 = 15.6%, p = 0.307). Meta-analysis showed that ICH patients carrying ε4 allele have increased risk of poor outcome in Caucasian population with fixed effects models (ε4 carrier vs. non-ε4 carrier: HR, 1.75; 95% CI: 1.19–2.57, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.543). Meta-analysis showed no significant association between APOE polymorphism and functional outcomes after SAH with random effects models (ε4 carrier vs. non-ε4 carrier: HR, 1.51; 95% CI: 0.80–2.84, I2 = 57.1%, p = 0.022). Conclusions: In conclusion, the present study demonstrated APOE ε4 carriers show worse functional outcomes after ICH, but not after IS or SAH. More large-scale studies were critical to explore the association between APOE polymorphism and clinical outcome after IS, ICH, and SAH.
Contextualizando The descent of man, de Charles Darwin: debates calorosos persistem após 150 anos de sua publicação
Authors: Carlos Anderson Ricardo , Prestes Maria Elice de Brzezinski
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo faz uma discussão do livro de Charles Darwin (1809-1882) The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, de 1871, cuja primeira edição completa 150 anos de publicação em 2021. Embora tão famoso, e importante, quanto A origem das espécies, o Descent é, contudo, menos lido e o mais controvertido livro de Darwin, desde seu lançamento até os dias atuais. Os objetivos são o de recolher aspectos do contexto em que o livro foi escrito e problematizar algumas das questões polêmicas que o cercam. Para isso, inicialmente, por aproximações aos estudos de Darwin publicados a partir dos anos 1980, a abordagem historiográfica adotada é caracterizada como pós-positivista, contextualista e enriquecida por teorias multiculturais do conhecimento, especialmente a filosofia feminista da biologia. O escopo e objetivos do Descent são apresentados, tendo em vista seu autor como representante da elite intelectual inglesa do século XIX. A seleção das polêmicas vivas hoje ocorreu em dois fóruns acadêmicos de 2021, uma disciplina sobre Darwin e um congresso internacional de estudos metacientíficos da biologia. As polêmicas foram reunidas em três grupos: 1) a escola craniométrica e a hierarquia das raças e civilizações; 2) a seleção sexual e os estereótipos culturais de gênero; 3) a seleção natural no âmbito humano e os movimentos eugênicos. As conclusões são desenhadas em convergência com os achados da historiografia recente, reconhecendo que a construção da teoria evolucionista de Darwin se deu na interação de mão dupla entre a ciência e a cultura, como é da natureza da construção de todo conhecimento científico. O seu trabalho teórico reflete elementos da sociedade vitoriana, com a qual o naturalista compartilhava as virtudes e os vícios.
Da leitura subjetiva para a leitura rigorosa: um caminho para abordar leitura na Educação Básica
Authors: Faustino Bruna Francinett Barroso , Campos Sulemi Fabiano
Published: December 2021

A pesquisa da qual trata este artigo surgiu da observação das dificuldades de leitura e escrita de estudantes do Ensino Fundamental II de uma escola pública. Inicialmente, notamos que os estudantes liam e escreviam muito em contextos de mensagens em redes sociais e que tais práticas tinham alguma influência na leitura e na escrita em sala de aula. Então, propomo-nos a investigar se o acesso a narrativas literárias linguística e estruturalmente complexas também poderia influenciá-los. Este artigo traz um recorte dessa pesquisa com ênfase no ensino de leitura partindo de uma narrativa literária, cujos modos de dizer são provocativos à construção de experiências de leitura para além das práticas utilitaristas.
A influência de estruturas preexistentes na formação de riftes oblíquos: o uso da modelagem física e sua comparação com a fase Pré-sal da Bacia de Santos, Brasil
Authors: Pereira Carlos Eduardo Lourenço , Gomes Caroline Janette Souza , Araujo Mario Neto Cavalcanti de
Published: December 2021

A evolução de riftes oblíquos é analisada neste artigo pela realização de modelos físicos, em escala. O intuito foi analisar a fase rifte da Bacia de Santos, examinando a influência da estrutura preexistente do embasamento. Para refinar as informações obtidas, empregou-se a tecnologia particle image velocimetry. Desenvolveram-se três experimentos em caixas de acrílico, com dimensões internas de 37 cm x 41 cm x 07 cm (largura x comprimento x altura), empregando-se areia e silicone para crosta rúptil e dúctil, respectivamente. A estrutura foi simulada por duas folhas de acetato, na base da caixa de experimentos, constituídas de quatro domínios estruturais. A abertura do rifte ortogonal a oblíqua em relação à estrutura preexistente foi efetuada por duas paredes móveis. Os resultados revelaram que a estruturação de riftes é influenciada tanto pela configuração da estrutura preexistente quanto pela direção da extensão. Os dois modelos cujos domínios estruturais formavam ângulos de obliquidade com a direção da extensão menores que 90º produziram falhas com dimensões curtas a intermediárias, grande número de rampas de revezamento e zonas de acomodação. Já o modelo com os domínios estruturais formando ângulos de obliquidade próximos a 90º gerou falhas contínuas, longas, quase retas e nenhuma zona de acomodação. Nesse modelo, as falhas revelaram a maior magnitude de deformação. Nos dois primeiros modelos, ainda se destacaram um alto estrutural entre duas sub-bacias dispostas en echelon e a mudança de direção das falhas quando estas passavam de um domínio a outro. A configuração definiu uma geometria em S muito parecida com aquela da porção centro-norte da Bacia de Santos.
Vessels Sing Their ARIAs: The Role of Vascular Amyloid in the Age of Aducanumab
Authors: Sveikata Lukas , Charidimou Andreas , Viswanathan Anand
Published: December 2021

We review the implications of the recently approved aducanumab amyloid-β immunotherapy for treating Alzheimer disease with comorbid cerebral amyloid angiopathy. In clinical trials, amyloid-β immunotherapy has been associated with a high rate of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, potentially driven by coexisting cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Therefore, immunotherapy’s efficacy in patients may be modified by coexisting cerebrovascular pathology. We discuss the contributions of cerebral amyloid angiopathy on the development of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities and propose strategies to identify cerebral amyloid angiopathy in patients considered for immunotherapy.
Psychosis in Parkinson's disease in a Southeast Asian cohort: prevalence and clinical correlates
Authors: Mok Vanessa Wai Ling , Chan Lai Gwen , Goh Justine Chay Boon , Tan Louis Chew Seng
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Psychosis is a prominent neuropsychiatric symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) and is associated with negative outcomes, such as poorer quality of life and greater rate of functional impairment. Early identification of patients with PD at risk of developing psychosis facilitates appropriate management to improve outcomes. However, this phenomenon has not been examined locally. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of PD-associated psychosis in the local setting, identify any associated risk factors, as well as characterise the cognitive trajectory of patients with PD with psychosis.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort of 336 patients with PD, who presented to the National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, in 2006 and 2007 and attended follow-up visits through to 2013 was analysed. The data analysed included scores from clinician assessments of cognitive function, disease severity and presence of psychotic symptoms, conducted when clinically appropriate during patients’ medical visits. Survival analysis and logistic and linear regression analysis were performed.

Results:

Psychosis was diagnosed in 63 patients with PD, indicating a prevalence of 18.8% for PD-associated psychosis. Incidence of psychosis in PD was calculated to be 40 per 1,000 person-years. No significant association was found between demographic variables and the odds of developing psychosis in PD. Regression analyses found that the presence of psychosis significantly predicted greater cognitive decline and disease severity.

Conclusion:

Psychosis has a significant presence among the PD population in Singapore, possibly serving as an indicator of more rapid cognitive decline and progression of PD severity.
Relationship between weather parameters and risk of exertional heat injuries during military training
Authors: Poon Beng Hoong , Gorny Alexander Wilhelm , Zheng Kaiyuan , Cheong Wee Kiong
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) collaborated with the Meteorological Service Singapore (MSS) to study the relationship between weather parameters and the incidents of exertional heat injury (EHI) to mitigate the risk of EHI in a practical manner.

Methods:

Data from the SAF's heat injury registry and MSS’ meteorological data from 2012 to 2018 were used to establish a consolidated dataset of EHI incidents and same-day weather parameters rank-ordered in deciles. Poisson regression modelling was used to determine the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of the EHI, referencing the first decile of weather parameters. Two frames of analysis were performed - the first described the relationship between the weather parameters and the adjusted IRR for the same day (D), and the second described the relationship between the weather parameters and the adjusted IRR on the following day (D + 1).

Results:

For wet-bulb temperature, the IRR on D + 1 approximated unity for the first nine deciles but rose to 3.09 at the tenth decile. For dew-point temperature, the IRR on D + 1 approximated unity for the first nine deciles but rose to 3.48 at the tenth decile. By designating a single dew-point temperature cut-off at ≥25.1°C (transition between the ninth and tenth decile), the adjusted IRR on D + 1 was 2.26 on days with dew-point temperature ≥25.1°C.

Conclusion:

Integrating the data from the SAF and MSS demonstrated that a dew-point temperature ≥25.1°C on D correlates statistically with the risk of EHI on D + 1 and could be used to supplement the risk mitigation system.
Hermit crabs from Brazil. Family Paguridae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguroidea): Genus Pagurus
Authors: NUCCI PAULO RICARDO , De Melo G. A. S. T
Published: December 2021

In Brazil, the hermit crab family Paguridae is represented by 11 genera, of which the genus Pagurus is the most speciose, with seven species that occur from the intertidal zone to shallow waters and one from deeper regions. In this paper we present the diagnosis, distribution and some remarks on each species of the genus Pagurus known from Brazil.
Ami, a new Theraphosid genus from Central and South America, with the description of six new species (Araneae: Mygalomorphae)
Authors: PÉREZ-MILES FERNANDO , GABRIEL RAY , MIGLIO LAURA , BONALDO ALEXANDRE , GALLON RICHARD , JIMENEZ JUAN JACOBO , BERTANI ROGERIO
Published: December 2021

A new genus Ami Pérez-Miles is proposed for six new species: A. caxiuana Pérez-Miles, Miglio & Bonaldo, from Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará, Brasil, the type species; A. yupanquii Pérez-Miles, Gabriel & Gallon, from the area of Puyo, Equador; A. bladesi Pérez-Miles, Gabriel & Gallon, from Isla Colón, Panamá; A. pijaos Jimenez & Bertani, from Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia; A. amazonica Jimenez & Bertani, from Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia; and A. weinmanni PérezMiles, from La Azulita, Apure, Venezuela. Avicularia obscura (Ausserer 1875) is transferred to Ami and re-diagnosed. Diagnostic characters of Ami are the modification of Type I urticating hairs, with unusually longer area b, and one or two subconical processes on retrolateral face of male palpal tibiae. Females of Ami differ further from those of other theraphosid genera by their highly characteristic spermathecae: paired ventral receptacles attached to an almost discrete, semicircular, sclerotized back-plate.
New Zealand species of the genus Tripyla Bastian, 1865 (Nematoda:Triplonchida: Tripylidae). I : A new species, a new record and key to long-tailed species
Authors: ZHAO ZENG QI
Published: December 2021

This paper describes two species of the genus of Tripyla from New Zealand and also provides a key to species based on the morphology of females in eight long-tailed (c < 5) species in the genus of Tripyla. Tripyla bioblitz sp. nov. is characterized by its more anterior vulva position (V = 43.7–45.4%), relatively short body length (1150–1410 μm) and long tail (c = 4.0–4.4) in the group. Tripyla filicaudata de Man, 1880 is recorded for the first time from New Zealand and from the Southern Hemisphere. In addition, the phylogenetic relationships among species were analyzed using data from the near full length small subunit (SSU) and D2/D3 expansion segments of the large subunit ribosomal (LSU) rRNA genes, and these analyses revealed that T. bioblitz sp. nov. is close to but distinct from T. filicaudata de Man, 1880.
A Multimodal Theranostic System Prepared from High-Density Lipoprotein Carrier of Doxorubicin and 177Lu
Authors: Quintos-Meneses Hilda Angeline , Aranda-Lara Liliana , Morales-Ávila Enrique , Ocampo-García Blanca , Contreras Irazú , Ramírez-Nava Gerardo J. , Santos-Cuevas Clara L. , Estrada José A. , Luna-Gutiérrez Myrna A. , Ferro-Flores Guillermina , Camacho-López Miguel A. , Torres-García Eugenio , Ramírez-Durán Ninfa , Isaac-Olivé Keila
Published: December 2021

Recently, it was demonstrated that doxorubicin (Dox.HCl), a chemotherapeutic agent, could be photoactivated by Cerenkov radiation (CR). The objective of the present work was to develop a multimodal chemotherapy-radiotherapy-photodynamic therapeutic system based on reconstituted high-density
lipoprotein (rHDL) loaded with Dox.HCl and 177Lu-DOTA. 177Lu acts as a therapeutic radionuclide and CR source. The system can be visualized by nuclear imaging. Fluorescence microscopy showed that rHDL-Dox specifically recognized cancer cells (T47D) that are positive for
SR-B1 receptors. Encapsulated Dox.HCl was released into the cells and produced reactive oxygen species when irradiated with a 450-nm laser (photodynamic effect). The same effect occurred when Dox.HCl was irradiated by 177Lu CR. Through in vitro experiments, it was confirmed
that the addition of 177Lu-DOTA to the rHDL-Dox nanosystem did not affect the specific recognition of SR-B1 receptors expressed in cells, or the cellular internalization of 177Lu-DOTA. The toxicity induced by the rHDL-Dox/177Lu nanosystem in cell lines with
high (T47D and PC3), poor (H9C2) and almost-zero (human fibroblasts (FB)) expression of SR-B1 was evaluated in vitro and confirmed the synergy of the combined chemotherapy-radiotherapy-photodynamic therapeutic effect; this induced toxicity was proportional to the expression of the SR-B1
receptor on the surface of the cells used. The HDL-Dox/177Lu nanosystem experienced uptake by tumor cells and the liver-both tissues with high expression of SR-B1 receptors-but not by the heart. 177Lu CR offered the possibility of imparting photodynamic therapy where
laser light could not reach.
Cytotoxicity Study of Cadmium-Selenium Quantum Dots (Cdse QDs) for Destroying the Human HepG2 Liver Cancer Cell
Authors: Rahman Mohammed M. , Opo Firoz A. D. M. , Asiri Abdullah M.
Published: December 2021

In this approach, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is originated from hepatocytes cell, which can spread several parts in the body. It increases the death rate of cancer patients and more common in men rather than female. Patients having large tumor are growing through expensive treatment such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. Nano medicine such as nano-dimensional particles as well as quantum dots might be an alternative treatment with greater efficiency in cancer biology field. Modification of surface and chemical properties of cadmium groups quantum dots can easily penetrate into the cancer cell without harming normal tissues. Here, Cadmium-Selenium Quantum Dot nanomaterials (CdSe QDs) have been prepared in solution phase with 0.1 M concentration, which was potentially applied for the destroying of HepG2 cancer cell with 24 hour and 36 hour of incubation. Due to their size, surface properties, lower cost, QDs can easily attached to the cell and able to damage the cells more rapidlyin vitroprocess. For cell death, gene expression and morphological changing analysis were completed MTT, Flow Cytometry, qRT-PCR assay. Finally, the cell deaths were observed by cell shrinkage, rupture of membrane and expression of apoptotic gene (Bcl2, Beta catenin, Bax) were positive comparing untreated HepG2 cell line.
Lupeol-Loaded Nanoparticles Enhance the Radiosensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting the Hyperactivation in Raf/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Phospatidylinositol-3 Kinase/mTOR Pathways
Authors: Xie Yinghai , Liu Changwei , Zhou Shuping , Wang Qi , Tang Xiaolong
Published: December 2021

Radioresistance limits the effectiveness of radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Raf and PI3K signaling cascades promote the formation of radioresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lupeol has anticancer activity despite itspoor solubility in water and is toxic effect on
normal tissue. In this study, nanoparticles (lupeol-NPs) were constructed using PEG-PLGA diblock copolymer vector, and results revealed that Lupeol-NPs reversed the radioresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting cellular proliferation and cell-cycle progression and promoting cellular
apoptosis through blocking Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signal transduction in radioresistant Huh-7R cells. In vivo, Lupeol-NPs combined with radiotherapy inhibited the growth of radioresistant hepatocellular carcinoma in a xenogenic nude mouse model. Ki-67 proliferation index decreased
significantly (p < 0.05). We conclude that Lupeol-NPs can increase the sensitivity of radioresistant hepatocellular carcinoma to radiotherapy through inhibiting the Raf and PI3K signal cascades.
Environmental Response in Coupled Energy and Water Cloud Impact Parameters Derived from A-Train Satellites, ERA-Interim, and MERRA-2
Authors: Sun Lu , Rapp Anita D. , S. L’Ecuyer Tristan , Daloz Anne S. , Nelson Ethan
Published: December 2021

Understanding the connections between latent heating from precipitation and cloud radiative effects is essential for accurately parameterizing cross-scale links between cloud microphysics and global energy and water cycles in climate models. Although commonly examined separately, this study adopts two cloud impact parameters (CIPs), the surface radiative cooling efficiency Rc and atmospheric radiative heating efficiency Rh, that explicitly couple cloud radiative effects and precipitation to characterize how efficiently precipitating cloud systems influence the energy budget and water cycle using A-Train observations and two reanalyses. These CIPs exhibit distinct global distributions that suggest cloud energy and water cycle coupling are highly dependent on cloud regime. The dynamic regime ω500 controls the sign of Rh, whereas column water vapor (CWV) appears to be the larger control on the magnitude. The magnitude of Rc is highly coupled to the dynamic regime. Observations show that clouds cool the surface very efficiently per unit rainfall at both low and high sea surface temperature (SST) and CWV, but reanalyses only capture the former. Reanalyses fail to simulate strong Rh and moderate Rc in deep convection environments but produce stronger Rc and Rh than observations in shallow, warm rain systems in marine stratocumulus regions. Although reanalyses generate fairly similar climatologies in the frequency of environmental states, the response of Rc and Rh to SST and CWV results in systematic differences in zonal and meridional gradients of cloud atmospheric heating and surface cooling relative to A-Train observations that may have significant implications for global circulations and cloud feedbacks.

Significance Statement

Studying climate change requires understanding coupled interactions between clouds, precipitation, and their environment. Here we calculate two parameters to reveal how efficiently clouds can heat the atmosphere or cool the surface per unit rain. The satellite observations and reanalyses show similar global patterns, but there are some differences in areas of deep convection and low cloud regions. Examination of these parameters as a function of their environment shows that reanalyses cool the atmosphere too much per unit rain in environments with low sea surface temperatures and water vapor. Vertical velocity determines whether clouds heat or cool the atmosphere. Both observations and reanalyses suggest that water vapor is the stronger control on how much clouds heat the atmosphere per unit rain.
Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation over the Western North Pacific in Boreal Winter and Its Influence on the Central North American Air Temperature
Authors: Dong Zizhen , Wang Lin
Published: December 2021

This study investigates the characteristics and climate impacts of the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) over the western North Pacific (WNP) in boreal winter based on observational and reanalysis data and numerical experiments with a simplified model. The wintertime convection over the WNP is dominated by significant biweekly variability with a 10–20-day period, which explains about 66% of the intraseasonal variability. Its leading mode on the biweekly time scale is a northwestward-propagating convection dipole over the WNP, which oscillates over a period of about 12 days. When the convection-active center of this QBWO is located to the east of the Philippines, it can generate an anticyclonic vorticity source to the south of Japan via inducing upper-tropospheric divergence and excite a Rossby wave train propagating toward North America along the Pacific rim. The resultant lower-tropospheric circulation facilitates cold advection and leads to cold anomalies over central North America in the following week. This result highlights a cause–effect relationship between the WNP convection and the North American climate on the quasi-biweekly time scale and may provide some prediction potential for the North American climate.

Significance Statement

This study establishes a cause–effect relationship between the wintertime western North Pacific convection and the central North American air temperature on the quasi-biweekly time scale. In boreal winter, the convection over the western North Pacific oscillates significantly with a 10–20-day period. When the convection is active, it can disturb the atmosphere to the south of Japan and excite a midlatitude Rossby wave train. The latter propagates along the North Pacific rim and leads to cold spells over central North America within one week. This information connects the climate variability across the Pacific and provides an additional subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction potential for the North American winter climate.
Which Clients Inspire or Reduce the Trust of Street-Level Bureaucrats?
Authors: Davidovitz Maayan , Cohen Nissim
Published: December 2021

Which types of clients increase or decrease the trust of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs)? Using interviews and focus groups with two groups of Israeli social service providers—teachers and social workers—and comparing them, —we develop a theoretical framework for determining the types of clients who evoke and reduce the trust of SLBs. Our findings indicate that there are seven types of clients who inspire or diminish this trust: —cooperative, honest, familiar, benevolent, aggressive, open, and manipulative. We discuss the significance of our findings for the implementation and outcome of public policy and suggest several avenues for future research.
Fixing Subjects, Fixing Outcomes: Civic Epistemologies and Epistemic Agency in Participatory Governance of Climate Risk
Authors: Bridel Anna
Published: December 2021

Participatory forms of policy-making have often been criticized for insufficiently theorizing the coproduction of publics and matters of concern. This paper seeks to investigate this relationship further by analyzing how the concept of civic epistemologies (CEs) can provide insights for understanding how political contexts shape both publics and contestable debates. Presenting fieldwork on cyclone governance in Odisha, India, based on the analysis of interviews with vulnerable fishing communities and state actors, the article shows how CEs influence the interdependent formation of vulnerable fisher and state subjectivities on one hand with representations of risk located in external biophysical atmospheric gases on the other, thereby sustaining reductive roles and futures. At the same time, the paper develops the concept of CEs by examining them as performative acts carried out by marginalized communities and state actors at the subnational level of a nonindustrialized country, thereby indicating sites at which epistemic agency can be increased and governed. Participatory knowledge production needs to understand how it is affected by CEs if it is to generate effective expertise for transformative futures in the face of increasing climatic risks.
RAGE-mediated T cell metabolic reprogramming shapes T cell inflammatory response after stroke
Authors: Zhang Yueman , Li Fengshi , Chen Chen , Li Yan , Xie Wanqing , Huang Dan , Zhai Xiaozhu , Yu Weifeng , Wan Jieqing , Li Peiying
Published: December 2021

The metabolic reprogramming of peripheral CD4+ T cells that occurs after stroke can lead to imbalanced differentiation of CD4+ T cells, including regulation of T cells, and presents a promising target for poststroke immunotherapy. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying the metabolic reprogramming of peripheral CD4+ T cell remains unknown. In this study, using combined transcription and metabolomics analyses, flow cytometry, and conditional knockout mice, we demonstrate that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) can relay the ischemic signal to CD4+ T cells, which underwent acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 1(ACC1)-dependent metabolic reprogramming after stroke. Furthermore, by administering soluble RAGE (sRAGE) after stroke, we demonstrate that neutralization of RAGE reversed the enhanced fatty acid synthesis of CD4+ T cells and the post-stroke imbalance of Treg/Th17. Finally, we found that post-stroke sRAGE treatment protected against infarct volume and ameliorated functional recovery. In conclusion, sRAGE can serve as a novel immunometabolic modulator that ameliorates ischemic stroke recovery by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis and thus favoring CD4+ T cells polarization toward Treg after cerebral ischemia injury. The above findings provide new insights for the treatment of neuroinflammatory responses after ischemia stroke.
Aquatic Animal Foods for Nutrition Security and Child Health
Authors: Iannotti Lora L. , Blackmore Ivy , Cohn Rachel , Chen Feng , Gyimah Emmanuel A. , Chapnick Melissa , Humphries Austin
Published: December 2021

Background:

Aquatic animal source foods (AASF) can provide vital nutrients and bioactive factors essential for human health, yet disparities in consumption patterns prevail globally. Limited evidence exists for the implications of AASF access on child health outcomes.

Objective:

This study aimed to examine global AASF intakes longitudinally in association with critical nutrient intakes and childhood stunting and anemia.

Methods:

The analysis draws from compiled longitudinal country data (1993-2013) based on a constructed conceptual framework encompassing social and ecological factors that influence fish consumption and human health. Longitudinal generalized linear models were used to estimate the association of apparent AASF intake on country-level nutrient availability (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], choline, vitamin B12, iron, and zinc) and prevalence of undernourishment, child stunting, and child anemia.

Results:

Across 175 countries, the median per capita daily apparent intake of all AASF was 37.87 g, with marginally significant differences observed between countries with low (46.65 g) versus high child mortality (23.50 g). The combined category of all AASF was significantly associated with increased total apparent intakes of DHA, choline, and vitamin B12 and reduced child stunting. Finfish (pelagic and demersal) and crustaceans inversely correlated with child stunting, while apparent intakes of mollusks and crustaceans were associated with reduced child anemia.

Conclusions:

This study uniquely showed that AASF were associated with improved child health outcomes and the critical nutrients necessary for growth, development, and maintaining health throughout the life course. Policies should ensure increased access to AASF across food systems and within sustainable healthy diets globally.
Efficacy of Paraeducators Facilitating Peer Support Arrangements for Elementary Students With Multiple Disabilities
Authors: Trausch Kelsey J. , Brock Matthew E. , Anderson Eric J.
Published: December 2021

Previous findings demonstrate peer support arrangements improve academic and social outcomes for secondary students with severe disabilities, but further research is needed to determine (a) the degree to which this practice would benefit younger students, (b) the impact on student independence, and (c) how teachers can best support paraeducator implementation. In this multiple-probe-across-participants design study, a teacher trained five paraeducators to facilitate peer support arrangements with four elementary students with multiple disabilities who were eligible for alternate assessment. We identified functional relationships between teacher training and paraeducator implementation and between peer support arrangements and peer interactions. Interactions increased to levels similar to those of peers without disabilities. Students decreased their reliance on paraeducators for classroom routines when peers provided support. These findings show that the effectiveness of peer support arrangements extends to elementary students with multiple disabilities and replicate initial evidence for a promising model of teacher-implemented training for paraeducators.
The Formation and Benefits of Natural Mentoring for African American Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kaufman Michelle R. , Lin Chichun , Levine Deb , Salcido Maritza , Casella Albert , Simon Jeannette , DuBois David L.
Published: December 2021

This study explored how mentoring begins and the benefits provided for African American sexual and/or gender minority (SGM) youth. Participants were mentors and mentees living in three Mid-Atlantic cities. Mentees (ages 15–21, n = 14) identified as African American; cisgender male, transgender female, or non-binary assigned male; and had sexual interest in men. Mentor participants (ages 18+, n = 13) mentored such youth. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with mentoring relationship partners (both partners did not necessarily participate). All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and imported into Atlas.ti. Using a basic interpretive qualitative analysis, a codebook was developed through inductive and deductive techniques. Analysis focused on mentees’ and mentors’ descriptions and interpretations about how they formed a mentoring relationship and any observed benefits that arose. Themes showed mentoring relationships were formed through introductions via social circles or social media. Mentoring was described as providing a trusted confidant and support with identity formation, relationships, transitioning to adulthood, and health. Results indicate a potential for natural mentoring relationships to provide trusted adult support to SGM adolescents in ways that are experienced as authentic and beneficial to the mental health of African American SGM male youth.