bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actual problems of municipal law in Russia
Authors: Akmalova Al'fiya
Published: November 2021

The actual problems of municipal law in Russia are considered taking into account the peculiarities of master's degree training at the university, which provides for both the presence of a system of students with certain knowledge in the field of jurisprudence, including the main institutions of municipal law, and their significant focus on research work. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the main amendments and additions to the current legislation on local self-government, discussions that accompany the improvement of legislation and law enforcement practice. The electronic educational and methodological appendix to the textbook includes an approximate work program and educational and methodological materials for independent work on the study of the discipline, as well as lectures and presentations.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of educational institutions of higher education studying in the field of training 40.04.01 "Jurisprudence", as well as for graduate students, students of the system of additional professional education and teachers, all those who are interested in the problems of the development of municipal law, the theory of local self-government and the practice of state and municipal management.
Front Matter: Volume 2
Authors: Hájek Petr , Vít Ondřej
Published: November 2021

This PDF file contains the front matter of the Proceedings of CBU in Natural Sciences and ICT  Volume 2 including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.
Front Matter: Volume 2
Authors: Hájek Petr , Vít Ondřej
Published: November 2021

This PDF file contains the front matter of the Proceedings of CBU in Proceedings of CBU in Social Sciences Volume 2 including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.
The Characteristics of Mathematical Literacy Based on Students’ Executive Function
Authors: Sukestiyarno Dani Kusuma* Y.L , Wardono Wardono , Cahyono Adi Nur
Published: November 2021

Literacy ability is an individual's ability to reason, formulate, solve, and interpret mathematically to solve problems related to daily life. Executive function is a cognitive aspect that has a relation with mathematical literacy. One of some aspects that affects the low mathematical literacy ability is the aspect of executive function. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of mathematical literacy based on the executive function aspects of 15 years old students. A qualitative method with a descriptive approach is employed in this study. The present research applies interview guidelines, questionnaires, and students' mathematical literacy tests as the instruments. Research subjects are junior high school students in grade VIII from two different schools. The result shows that the students' executive function influences mathematical literacy ability. Students' mathematical literacy ability is not fully achieved by fulfilling all the indicators involved. Another aspect found in the research is the low critical thinking ability impacts the achievement of mathematical literacy ability indicators.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Different Types of Distance Learning
Authors: Gregorc Jera , Resnik Alenka Humar
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper is to determine the relevance of turning the camera on or off during distance learning as an argument for active or passive student participation. Seventy-five (75) students participated in the study and were divided into five groups (1-5) according to teaching method (i.e., synchronous instruction online with camera (1) and without camera (2), synchronous transmission of the recording online with camera (3) and without camera (4) and received the online instruction (5)) only. In the beginning and at the end, all students were tested with the same adapted test to determine general physical and motor status. All groups had the same training program twice a week for 45 minutes for 7 weeks. The first training of the week was dedicated to strength development, the second to endurance. In the end, all participants completed a questionnaire to determine their additional physical activity and how they felt about using a camera. The camera being turned on was identified as a factor that made participants uncomfortable but contributed significantly to the effectiveness of the course. However, 94.6 % of all participants cited non-camera methods as their favourite.
Variety of Strategies in Primary Education: The Responses of the Four UK Nations to the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Sano Hironobu , Sumiya Lilia Asuca
Published: November 2021

This article analyses the strategies of the four United Kingdom (UK) nations to mitigate the impacts of primary school closures and the shift to remote learning due to the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. A theoretical framework based on a combination of the field literature of strategy and public value was developed to analyze their initiatives. This is a qualitative and exploratory study, and its data was collected from each country’s website, research papers, and media news. The findings reveal five key areas of action: remote learning; keeping schools open to assist vulnerable students and key workers’ children; access to the Internet and electronic devices to mitigate the digital divide; free meals to disadvantaged learners; and students’ assessment. The analysis suggests that the four nations initially adopted a coordinated action and gradually followed three different paths: deliberate strategies, adjustment to the pandemic situation, and development of emergent strategies. The variegate of strategies show the innovative capacity of the countries and the search for public value. Further research is suggested to address the impact of the strategies.
Willingness to Communicate and Collaborate: The Key Role of Educational Leadership in Primary Education
Authors: Karadimou Maria , Tsioumis Kostis
Published: November 2021

This article aims to explore the views of primary school teachers regarding the educational leadership exercised by leader teachers at the human resource management level, and how this can affect their willingness to communicate and collaborate. The theoretical framework analyzes the dimensions of human resource management by a leader teacher, as a communication channel, team empowerer, and creator of a climate of trust. The research was carried out using quantitative method, with a closed digital questionnaire which was completed by 693 primary school teachers from whole Greece. Initially, the analysis was carried out through descriptive statistics and then selected questions were analyzed by statistical inference test. The findings show a shift towards the model of a transformational leader, despite the country’s education system remaining highly centralized. In addition, the findings show a correlation between democratic and cooperative staff management, with the axes of inspiration and responsibility on the teachers’ side. This article highlights whether the communication skills of a leader teacher affect the functioning of the school. The research was carried out during a pandemic and thus it was not possible to collect qualitative data using interviews with leader teachers so that we can have a comparative approach to the issue.
Universitat i societat del canvi amb elements explicatius d’una crisi institucional
Authors: Mulet-Trobat Bartomeu
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCCIÓ. Enfront dels plantejaments de modernització de la universitat espanyola sovint hi ha diversos qüestionaments, especialment si tenim present l’evolució organitzativa i burocràtica de les estructures universitàries, incloent-hi les acadèmiques, que dificulten, per no dir que impossibiliten, un canvi en la línia que es proposa en el marc de la Unió Europea (espai europeu d’educació superior) i de la societat del coneixement o de la informació en el context de la globalització capitalista i del neoliberalisme.
MÈTODE. Es tracta d’un treball de reflexió sociològica teòrica a partir d’autors com Francisco Fernández Palomares, Buenaventura de Santos Sousa, Jaume Carbonell, Henry Giroux, Sheila Slaughter, Gary Rhoades o Derek Bok, que aporten un sentit crític sobre l’educació superior, així com a partir del web del Ministeri d’Universitats. El treball comprèn també una reflexió sobre el funcionament real de la universitat amb les seves contradiccions en el context d’una societat aparentment i formalment democràtica.
RESULTATS i DISCUSSIÓ. Els resultats expliquen per què es pot parlar de la crisi del sistema universitari a l’Estat espanyol i posen de manifest, almenys parcialment, els dubtes que es generen en el coneixement, la cultura, la docència i la investigació que es duen a terme a la universitat.
Los ingenieros y el suministro de gas en la España del siglo XIX
Authors: Fernández Paradas Mercedes , Larrinaga Rodríguez Carlos , Matés Barco Juan Manuel
Published: November 2021

Los ingenieros desempeñaron un papel crucial en los orígenes y la implantación de la industria del gas en España. La contribución de los ingenieros extranjeros fue especialmente relevante, sobre todo en un primer momento. Su estudio nos permite avanzar en la comprensión de la circulación del conocimiento y del capital humano en relación con el sector del gas a escala europea. En este sentido, la presencia de estos ingenieros en España fue fundamental, debido a la ausencia casi total de técnicos especializados en esta industria. Solo desde finales de los años cincuenta del siglo XIX, cuando ya existían centros de formación adecuados, empresas con capital local y una Administración cada vez más comprometida con los mecanismos de control de dicho sector, los ingenieros españoles fueron teniendo cada vez mayor relevancia.
Numerical simulation of a large area scintillometer and laser differential image motion monitor
Authors: Brown David M. , Hanna Randall T. , Brown Andrea M. , Hixson Jonathan G. , Baldwin Kevin C.
Published: November 2021

Measurements of atmospheric turbulence along a path can be quantified by scintillometers and differential image motion monitors (DIMMs). The two instruments often measure different levels of turbulence, sometimes varying by nearly an order of magnitude. A high-fidelity numerical simulation was leveraged to assess the measurement performance of both a scintillometer and a DIMM system. When a non-ideal detector is combined with range-dependent turbulence, significant differences between the scintillometer and DIMM are observed. The difference in measurements obtained with the numerically simulated scintillometer and DIMM was consistent with those observed in side-by-side measurements with the instruments.
Design and analysis of an optical three-input AND gate using a photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Rachana Maddala , Swarnakar Sandip , Krishna Sabbi Vamshi , Kumar Santosh
Published: November 2021

In this paper, a three-input AND logic gate is employed using a 2D photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide using a silicon in an air medium. In contrast to other gates, the key functions of employing an AND gate are recognition, error correction, code conversion, data encryption/decryption, and arithmetic operations. The proposed footprint is

8.4

µ

m

×

5.4

µ

m

, which is a modest size. The performance of the proposed AND gate is investigated by employing the finite-difference time-domain approach, and the outputs are validated at wavelength (

λ

) of 1.55 µm. The outcomes clearly show the higher contrast ratio (CR) of 24.533 dB, and the worst case CR of is 8.6 dB; transmission efficiency values for minimum and maximum values are 19.6% and 142%; reaction time is 26 fs; insertion loss is 1.52 dB; and bit rate is 38.4 Tbps, which can be used in high-speed optical signal processing. The suggested circuit’s primary objective is to consume minimal space and possess high CR.
Robust and accurate sub-pixel extraction method of laser stripes in complex circumstances
Authors: Wan Maosen , Wang Shuaidong , Zhao Huining , Jia Huakun , Yu Liandong
Published: November 2021

Line laser scanning measurement is a major area of interest within the field of 3D laser scanning measurement. Traditionally, sub-pixel extraction of laser stripes is a dominant point for line laser scanning measurement. In particular, the noise separation of laser stripe images and the accuracy of feature extraction of the laser stripe are the main challenges for sub-pixel extraction of laser stripes in complex circumstances. To this end, this study utilizes a robust and accurate method with two steps to extract sub-pixel features of laser stripes for 3D laser scanning measurement. Laser stripe segmentation based on a deep semantic segmentation network is initially implemented for noise elimination of images. Then, the sub-pixel extraction of the gray peak points of laser stripes is accomplished by Shepard sub-pixel interpolation and gray surface fitting, which can adequately utilize the gray distribution of laser stripes and obtain high-precision and anti-interference results. The robustness, effectiveness, and accuracy are verified by comparative experiments with classical methods. The results indicate that the proposed method can obtain much more complete, denser, and smoother results than traditional methods, especially in challenging measurement conditions, such as a large curved surface, a highly reflective surface, or intense ambient light. The accuracy of the proposed method can meet the requirements of high-precision measurement.
Neural-network-based method for improving measurement accuracy of four-quadrant detectors
Authors: Qiu Zhaobing , Jia Weihao , Ma Xiao , Zou Bohao , Lin Liyu
Published: November 2021

Due to the high accuracy and fast response, measurement systems based on four-quadrant detectors (4QDs) are widely used. There is a non-linear relationship between the output signal offset (OSO) of the 4QD and the actual spot position, resulting in limited measurement accuracy. Existing methods improve detection accuracy by collecting large amounts of data and approximating the OSO curve. On one hand, they require much difficult-to-obtain real data; on the other hand, the accuracy of the fit using specific functions is limited. To address this issue, this paper proposes a neural-network-based method for improving the measurement accuracy of 4QDs. Compared to existing methods, the proposed method significantly improves measurement accuracy with a small amount of real data. To obtain sufficient data to train the neural network, we first propose a method for generating large amounts of high-precision simulation data. Then, specifically for the 4QD-based measurement system, we construct a backpropagation neural network. Finally, based on a large amount of simulation data and a small amount of real data, we design a new training strategy to train a high-precision measurement network. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve measurement accuracy with less real data and has extensive application value.
Ghost image restoring using random speckles created by a liquid crystal cell
Authors: Davletshin Nikolay N. , Ikonnikov Denis A. , Sutormin Vitaly S. , Shestakov Nikolay P. , Baron Filipp A. , Vyunishev Andrey M.
Published: November 2021

A liquid crystal cell is used to produce correlated light beams with speckle structures for implementation of pseudo-thermal ghost imaging. The liquid crystal cell makes it possible to provide random spatial intensity distributions, which are characterized by a low coefficient of mutual cross correlations. Ghost imaging of an object representing an amplitude mask is demonstrated. The quality of the reconstructed images was estimated by the method of structural similarity.
Stable plasmonic nano-trapping using a hybrid gold-graphene V-trench with an extremely deep potential well
Authors: Lankanath Karunasena Danthure Arachchige Dayantha , Du Guangqing , Yang Qing , Iqbal Gulshan , Uddin Noor , Hou Xun , Chen Feng
Published: November 2021

We theoretically investigated the stable plasmonic trapping of sub-50nm
targets using integrated gold-graphene V-trench with extremely deep
trapping potential well. A hybrid plasmonic trapping model is
self-consistently built, which considers the surface plasmons
excitation for supporting the scattering and gradient optical forces
on the diffraction-limit broken nano-scale. It is demonstrated that
trapping of 40 nm gold nano-sphere within the designed hybrid
nano-V-trench is achieved via optimal laser intensity in visible
spectra. More interestingly, it is observed that the hybrid
nano-V-trench forms a vertical potential well having an extremely deep
potential well of 85 KBT on the trapped 40 nm gold
particle. Formation of an extremely high potential well can be
explained by the perspective of localized electric field enhancement
inside the nano-V-trench, which was reinforced by the involvement of
graphene plasmons in the hybrid plasmonic system. This work can be
helpful for well understanding of nanoparticles trapping with high
stability, which is useful for the nano-manipulations in the
applications of quantum dots lighting, SERS nano-sensor and nano
sphere plasmonic lithography.
Photonics Research Interview with Professor Marlan Scully
Authors: Yang Lan
Published: November 2021

Professor Marlan Scully discusses his career in quantum optics with the Editor-in-Chief of Photonics Research, Prof. Lan Yang.
Open source intelligence
Authors: Böhm Isabelle , Lolagar Samuel
Published: November 2021

Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) has gained importance in more fields of application than just in intelligence agencies. This paper provides an overview of the fundamental methods used to conduct OSINT investigations and presents different use cases where OSINT techniques are applied. Different models of the information cycle applied to OSINT are addressed. Additionally, the terms data, information, and intelligence are explained and correlated with the intelligence cycle. A classification system for entities during OSINT investigations is introduced. By presenting the capabilities of modern search engines, techniques for research within social networks and for penetration tests, the fundamental methods used for information gathering are explained. Furthermore, possible countermeasures to protect one’s privacy against the misuse of openly available information as well as the legal environment in Germany, and the ethical perspective are discussed.
Stuck in a lockdown: Dreams, bad dreams, nightmares, and their relationship to stress, depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Solomonova Elizaveta , Picard-Deland Claudia , Rapoport Iris L. , Pennestri Marie-Hélène , Saad Mysa , Kendzerska Tetyana , Veissiere Samuel Paul Louis , Godbout Roger , Edwards Jodi D. , Quilty Lena , Robillard Rebecca
Published: November 2021

Background

An upsurge in dream and nightmare frequency has been noted since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and research shows increases in levels of stress, depression and anxiety during this time. Growing evidence suggests that dream content has a bi-directional relationship with psychopathology, and that dreams react to new, personally significant and emotional experiences. The first lockdown experience was an acute event, characterized by a combination of several unprecedent factors (new pandemic, threat of disease, global uncertainty, the experience of social isolation and exposure to stressful information) that resulted in a large-scale disruption of life routines. This study aimed at investigating changes in dream, bad dream and nightmare recall; most prevalent dream themes; and the relationship between dreams, bad dreams, nightmares and symptoms of stress, depression and anxiety during the first COVID-19 lockdown (April-May 2020) through a national online survey.

Methods

968 participants completed an online survey. Dream themes were measured using the Typical Dreams Questionnaire; stress levels were measured by the Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale; symptoms of anxiety were assessed by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale; and symptoms of depression were assessed using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology.

Results

34% (328) of participants reported increased dream recall during the lockdown. The most common dream themes were centered around the topics of 1) inefficacy (e.g., trying again and again, arriving late), 2) human threat (e.g., being chased, attacked); 3) death; and 4) pandemic imagery (e.g., being separated from loved ones, being sick). Dream, bad dream and nightmare frequency was highest in individuals with moderate to severe stress levels. Frequency of bad dreams, nightmares, and dreams about the pandemic, inefficacy, and death were associated with higher levels of stress, as well as with greater symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Conclusions

Results support theories of dream formation, environmental susceptibility and stress reactivity. Dream content during the lockdown broadly reflected existential concerns and was associated with increased symptoms of mental health indices.
An improved predator-prey particle swarm optimization algorithm for Nash equilibrium solution
Authors: Meng Yufeng , He Jianhua , Luo Shichu , Tao Siqi , Xu Jiancheng
Published: November 2021

Focusing on the problem incurred during particle swarm optimization (PSO) that tends to fall into local optimization when solving Nash equilibrium solutions of games, as well as the problem of slow convergence when solving higher order game pay off matrices, this paper proposes an improved Predator-Prey particle swarm optimization (IPP-PSO) algorithm based on a Predator-Prey particle swarm optimization (PP-PSO) algorithm. First, the convergence of the algorithm is advanced by improving the distribution of the initial predator and prey. By improving the inertia weight of both predator and prey, the problem of “precocity” of the algorithm is improved. By improving the formula used to represent particle velocity, the problems of local optimizations and slowed convergence rates are solved. By increasing pathfinder weight, the diversity of the population is increased, and the global search ability of the algorithm is improved. Then, by solving the Nash equilibrium solution of both a zero-sum game and a non-zero-sum game, the convergence speed and global optimal performance of the original PSO, the PP-PSO and the IPP-PSO are compared. Simulation results demonstrated that the improved Predator-Prey algorithm is convergent and effective. The convergence speed of the IPP-PSO is significantly higher than that of the other two algorithms. In the simulation, the PSO does not converge to the global optimal solution, and PP-PSO approximately converges to the global optimal solution after about 40 iterations, while IPP-PSO approximately converges to the global optimal solution after about 20 iterations. Furthermore, the IPP-PSO is superior to the other two algorithms in terms of global optimization and accuracy.
Learning positive social information reduces racial bias as indexed by N400 response
Authors: Brusa Alessandra , Pesič Antonia , Proverbio Alice Mado
Published: November 2021

The present study used EEG/ERPs to detect the activation of implicit stereotypical representations associated to other-race (OR) people and the modulation of such activation through the previous presentation of positive vs. neutral social information. Electrophysiological signals were recorded in 40 Italian Caucasian participants, unaware of the overall study’s purpose. They were presented with 285 sentences that could either violate, non-violate (e.g., “the Roma girl was involved in a robbery) or be neutral with regard to stereotypical concepts concerning other-race people (e.g. Asians, Africans, Arabic). ERPs were time-locked to the terminal words. Prior to the sentence reading task, participants were exposed to a 10 minutes colourful video documentary. While the experimental group was presented a video containing images picturing other-race characters involved in “prestigious” activities that violated stereotypical negative assumptions (e.g. a black neurosurgeon leading a surgery team), the control group viewed a neutral documentary about flora and fauna. EEG signals were then recorded during the sentence reading task to explore whether the previous exposure to the experimental video could modulate the detection of incongruence in the sentences violating stereotypes, as marked by the N400 response. A fictitious task was adopted, consisted in detecting rare animal names. Indeed, only the control group showed a greater N400 response (350–550 ms) to words incongruent with ethnic stereotypes compared to congruent and neutral ones, thus suggesting the presence of a racial bias. No N400 response was found for the experimental group, suggesting a lack of negative expectation for OR individuals. The swLORETA inverse solution, performed on the prejudice-related N400 showed that the Inferior Temporal and the Superior and Middle Frontal Gyri were the strongest N400 intra-cortical sources. Regardless of the experimental manipulation, Congruent terminal words evoked a greater P300 response (500–600 ms) compared to incongruent and neutral ones and a late frontal positivity (650–800 ms) was found to be larger to sentences involving OR than own-race characters (either congruent or incongruent with the prejudice) thus possibly indicating bias-free perceptual in-group/out-group categorization processes. The data showed how it is possible to modulate a pre-existing racial prejudice (as reflected by N400 effect) through exposure to positive media-driven information about OR people. Further follow-up studies should determine the duration in time, and across contexts, of this modulatory effect.
The prevalence of patellofemoral pain in the Rugby League World Cup (RLWC) 2021 spectators: A protocol of a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sánchez María B. , Selfe James , Callaghan Michael J.
Published: November 2021

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) can cause significant pain leading to limitations in societal participation and physical activity. PFP is usually associated with athletes undergoing intensive physical training, or military recruits; but recent evidence shows that PFP is common in the general population. The relationship of PFP with physical activity is not entirely clear. Our aim is to provide a better estimate of the general population prevalence of PFP and to relate this to the level of physical activity, and demographic characteristics. The Survey instrument for Natural history, Aetiology and Prevalence of Patellofemoral pain Studies (SNAPPS) was developed as a PFP screening tool to be used in the community. The electronic version of the SNAPPS (eSNAPPS) has recently been validated and was used to survey attendees at mass-participation running events. We will use an electronic survey to collect data from a sample of 1100 Rugby League World Cup spectators. The survey will have four sections: i) general and demographic; ii) knee pain (eSNAPPS); iii) level of physical activity; and iv) quality of life in relation to knee pain. The primary analytic approach will be descriptive of PFP prevalence. Secondary analyses will explore the relationships of the presence of PFP and the other variables. We will disseminate this work by publication of peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals, presentations at scientific conferences, and on the dedicated SNAPPS website https://www.snappspfp.com/.
GDZIE PIENIĄDZ, TAM WŁADZA – CZYLI O TEORETYCZNYCH MOŻLIWOŚCIACH ROZPOZNANIA LOKALIZACJI GAJU LUGIJSKIEGO
Authors: Gralak Tomasz
Published: November 2021

In this article, an assumption has been made that in power centres, settlement concentration was accompanied by accumulation of goods, capital and weapons. Within the Przeworsk culture, the area in question encompassed the basins of the Prosna and the Warta. It remains uncertain if the area can be associated with the so-called Lugii Grove, a centre of political and religious power described by Tacitus.
КОМПЛЕКСНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МИТРОПОЛИЧОГО САДУ КИЄВО-ПЕЧЕРСЬКОЇ ЛАВРИ
Authors: Тараненко Сергій
Published: November 2021

Сучасний урбаністичний розвиток, надто в українських реаліях, навряд можна назвати контрольованим. Місцями хижацька, нераціональна та некомфортна забудова – дамоклів меч не тільки історичної забудови, а й екологічних проблем. Території заповідників є гарантовано захищені державою від будь-якого свавілля забудовників. Митрополичий сад Національного заповідника „Києво-Печерська лавра” як яскравий приклад комплексного вивчення та збереження – основа сталого розвитку міського середовища. Ця локація протягом десятків років є об’єктом багатовекторного дослідження. Археологічне вивчення цієї території розпочалося в середині минулого століття і, з певними перервами, продовжується до сьогодні. За цей час тут виявлено і повністю або частково досліджено низку різних за типом та хронологією археологічних пам’яток, комплекс яких доволі точно віддзеркалює основні етапи історичного розвитку зазначеної території та епохальні зміни в характері її використання. У результаті багаторічних досліджень тут розкрито понад 700 м2 і встановлено наявність чотирьох основних культурно-хронологічних горизонтів, а саме: пам’яток ранньозалізного віку (VI-V ст. до н.е.), періоду Київської Русі (XI-XIII ст.), Русько-Литовського періоду (XIV-XVI ст.), доби Модерну та Нового часу. Завдяки археологічним дослідженням ми отримали дані про первинний рельєф території Митрополичого саду та змогли виділити два періоди природно-антропогенного розвитку цієї локації. Паралельно з археологічним вивченням проходили історичні студії Архімандричого саду з його трансформацією в Митрополичий, визначалися особливості його планувальної структури. У статті представлені реконструкції всіх типів флори, які могли рости у Печерському монастирі, починаючи з періоду Київської Русі, та дослідження рослинності вже існуючого саду з XVII ст. до наших днів. Сьогодні розглядається ідея створення Археологічного парку на території Митрополичого саду Національного заповідника „Києво-Печерська лавра”.
W KWESTII POCZĄTKÓW WCZESNEGO ŚREDNIOWIECZA W REJONIE NIECKI JEZIOR BNIŃSKICH
Authors: Machajewski Henryk
Published: November 2021

The development of archaeological research justifies the need for re-appraising previous conclusions. In the case of the Bnin Lakes Basin (Wielkopolska), the research pertains to the settlement at the early stage of the early Middle Ages. Human settlement developed dynamically at phase B of the early Middle Ages. To date, settlement from phase A has not been discovered in the Basin. The same holds true for the basin of the central river Warta.
„KRYZYS MONARCHI PIASTOWSKIEJ” I PROBLEM TZW. REAKCJI POGAŃSKIEJ OKIEM ARCHEOLOGA
Authors: Kajkowski Kamil
Published: November 2021

The turmoil of the 1030s in the Polish territory has so far attracted attention of historians. A detailed analysis of the information available in the written sources has strengthened a position in the result of which (in line with the reference to the events in question) the pagan backlash was to stem primarily from religious reasons. This interpretations suggests and provokes reception of Mieszko II’s domain as a completely Christian organisation. Consequently, at least officially it suggests that the pagan communities had been pushed to the margins of the society. Scholars have no doubts that these communities existed because they are regarded to have affected the events of the 1030s. Was it really the case? An analysis of archaeological sources, previously not used in the discussion of the pagan backlash, does not answer the questions so unambiguously. There is a strong indication that the followers of the old values did not have to flee from persecutions or the missionary ideology. It also looks like they did not have to fear financial exploitation for the benefit of the established church structures which could have easily operated parallel to venues referring to the traditional religious symbols. If we assume that it was the case, were the events of the 1030s in fact a pagan backlash? This question was at the basis of the considerations presented in this text.
Concentrations of heavy metals in PM2.5 and health risk assessment around Chinese New Year in Dalian, China
Authors: Zhao Xiao Liang , Jiang Gui Guo , Song Zi Ling , Touseef Bilal , Zhao Xue Ying , Huang Yuan Yuan , Guo Meng , Bharti Bandna
Published: November 2021

Twelve samples of heavy metals were analyzed by using a 1108A-1 mid-current particle sampler in Dalian, Liaoning Province, for 31 days before and after the spring festival 2019. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals were decreased by more than 25% during the spring festival, which was probably due to the shutdown of the factories and the decrease in people’s travel. During the spring festival, the concentration of Ba was increased by 343.39% as compared to the concentration of Ba before the spring festival, which indicated that the fireworks had a great influence on the concentration of Ba. At the same time, this study also evaluated the health risk of heavy metals. For the heavy metals As, Cd, Co, Cr, and Ni, the lifetime cancer risk was found to be 2.13 × 10−4, 2.08 × 10−5, 8.64 × 10−7, 4.39 × 10−4 and 7.93 × 10−7, respectively. The lifetime cancer risk of As, Cd, and Cr exceeds the threshold range of cancer risk (10−6–10−4), indicating that they are carcinogenic to humans. Also, during the spring festival, the non-carcinogenic risk value of V exceeded the limit value of environmental protection agency (EPA), and the lifetime carcinogenic risk value of As, Cd, and Cr exceeded the threshold range of carcinogenic risk; hence, they need to be carefully monitored and controlled.
Black Space Rheological Assessment of Asphalt Material Behavior
Authors: Airey Gordon D. , Rowe Geoffrey M. , Sias Jo E. , Di Benedetto Herve , Sauzeat Cedric , Dave Eshan V.
Published: November 2021

Black Space diagrams representing rheological data of asphalt materials in the form of complex modulus (|G*| or |E*|) versus phase angle (δ) have been successfully used for interpretation of material behavior and performance. Previous studies have used Black Space for identification of testing geometry compliance errors when testing over multiple temperatures and loading times (frequencies), screening of the “thermo-rheological simplicity” of various binders and mixtures, and detailed evaluation of the performance balance in term of “stiffness” versus “relaxation” needs. This paper provides an overview of how Black Space can be further used to provide a greater understanding of the concepts of damage and healing and cracking susceptibility and fracture, and to also quantify the complex rheological response of alternative binders. In terms of the damage assessment, cyclic loading tests were analyzed using Black Space to identify additional physical phenomena such as nonlinearity, self-heating, and thixotropy. The cracking analysis has included thermal, fatigue, and durability cracking as well as the use of Black Space to access the performance of asphalt mixtures subjected to aging as well as rejuvenation and materials with recycled asphalt. Concepts such as the Glover-Rowe parameter that are based around Black Space and linked to other forms of rheological indices such as the low-temperature stiffness and relaxation rate parameters are introduced. The results in the paper show that Black Space provides a critical means of rheological characterization to investigate and evaluate the properties and performance of both binders and mixtures. This is particularly relevant at a time when there is a concerted move within the asphalt paving industry toward more sustainable solutions and increased demand for reuse and recycling of materials in asphalt mixtures.
Methodology for Design Process of Internal Supported Cylindrical Thin Shell Made by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Xiao Heye , Wang Ruobing , Li Xuefeng , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xudong , Bai Junqiang
Published: November 2021

To improve specific stiffness and strength of cylinder type shell, it is essential to make use of free space inside the cylinder to generate internal supported structure for reinforcement. In this article, an available method is introduced to design this complex structure based on the advantages of additive manufacturing, which include the subprocess of design domain generation, topology optimization, reconstruction, and analysis. Firstly, the design domain inside cylinder is created by removing swept volume from cylindrical container space. The initial structure is obtained by topology optimization and reconstructed by considering the constraints of manufacturing. Then, mechanical properties of the refined structure are checked by finite element method to give a final model. A cylindrical thin shell with slider is chosen as an example to show the detailed work process of the proposed design method, and the designed structure is generated by selective laser melting technology finally. It is proved that the proposed method is suitable for designing additive manufacturing cylinder shell with internal support. Furthermore, a traditional cylindrical thin shell is selected as a benchmark to be compared with the designed model by mechanical properties. Through the comparisons, it is concluded that internal supported cylindrical thin shell has greater bearing capacity and less weight cost than the classical cylindrical structure.
Narrar para fazer crer: a homoparentalidade em livros ilustrados infantis
Authors: Medeiros Azerêdo de Paula Anabel
Published: November 2021

A Literatura Infantil contemporânea tem se mostrado um campo profícuo à abordagem de temas fraturantes (Ramos, 2009), que refletem as mudanças ocorridas na sociedade, ensejando obras consideradas controversas por trazerem à luz, dentre outras temáticas desafiadoras, a homoafetividade e a homoparentalidade. Pressupõe-se que narrativas constituídas por esses temas fraturantes em livros ilustrados de potencial destinação infantil podem assumir uma abordagem pragmática, intermediária entre o ético e o estético, narrando para convencer. Pretende-se, neste trabalho, analisar as narrativas verbovisuais: Amor de mãe (Carvalho, 2017) e Meus dois pais (Carrasco, 2010), a fim de investigar as estratégias discursivas utilizadas para o tratamento da homoafetividade e da homoparentalidade em um contrato comunicativo, cujo o destinatário potencial é a criança. O aporte teórico principal para analisar as narrativas selecionadas nesta pesquisa concentra-se na Teoria Semiolinguística de Análise do Discurso, proposta por Patrick Charaudeau (2008), e em pressupostos no âmbito da Literatura Infantil que abordam o livro ilustrado, postulados por Linden (2009), Nikolajeva e Scott (2011), Paulino (2000) e Ramos (2009).
Slow tourism, public funding and economic development. A critical review on the case of the Way of St. James in Galicia
Authors: Moscarelli Rossella
Published: November 2021

The analysis of the economic dimension relating to the Way of St. James is confronted in a double reflection. On the one hand, the intention is to reconstruct the public funds that have supported the project to relaunch the Way over the years. On the other hand, we discuss one of the impacts of the route on the territory - that relating to economic development following the “second coming” of tourism. The analysis of both aspects shows rather unexpected results. In the first case it is shown how slow tourism projects can be real priority axes on which to concentrate large public funds. The second calls into question the effective ability of a path, albeit with significant tourist flows, to activate demographic recovery and to improve economic conditions. However, the need is discussed to investigate the question in greater detail which, if analyzed in the various parts, really shows the importance, not only economic, that the process of development of the Way has entailed for the territory it passes through.
Vocación turística de los itinerarios religiosos y perspectivas de desarrollo territorial: el Camino de Santu Jacu en Cerdeña (Italia)
Authors: Mariotti Gavino , Camerada Maria Veronica , Lampreu Salvatore , Carrus Silvia
Published: November 2021

Desde hace años asistimos al descubrimiento de itinerarios culturales y religiosos, considerados instrumentos capaces de favorecer el desarrollo local sostenible. Su valor es principalmente turístico, y en Italia existen numerosas iniciativas. El presente trabajo se centra en las efectuadas por la Región de Cerdeña para la estructuración de productos e itinerarios orientados al mercado del turismo religioso. A partir del análisis de la literatura científica, se subraya la potencialidad turística de las rutas religiosas, prestando especial atención al Camino de Santu Jacu, que atraviesa toda la región. El método y los instrumentos deinvestigación son los de la geografía económica, que contempla el recurso a indicadores estadísticos y a los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Mediante las elaboraciones realizadas, el trabajo destaca cómo los caminos religiosos pueden contribuir a aumentar la competitividad regional si reciben apoyo y promoción a partir de acciones específicas y políticas de desarrollo local.
La nueva normalidad en el Camino de Santiago: reflexiones para el futuro
Authors: Lopez Lucrezia , Lois González Rubén Camilo
Published: November 2021

La COVID-19 ha alterado las relaciones globales y los equilibrios territoriales, y no menos afectada ha resultado la movilidad, cuyas dinámicas han sido reconfiguradas. El turismo ha sido el sector económico más castigado por la pandemia. La presente propuesta pone el foco de atención en una realidad turística de envergadura internacional, tal y como es el Camino de Santiago, basado en desplazamiento y movilidad. El objetivo es contribuir al debate actual acerca de los impactos de la COVID-19 en el Camino de Santiago y avanzar reflexiones para su futura recuperación. Por ello, se adopta una metodología cualitativa interpretativa que pone en relación estudios anteriores y herramientas de planificación y gestión turística. Los resultados indican un comportamiento diferente a corto, medio y largo plazo, y se considera que el Camino volverá a ser el benchmark de los itinerarios de peregrinación.
The power of place-makers and merchants: Papal and Marian items in the political economy of pilgrimage
Authors: Barbato Mariano
Published: November 2021

Based on two field studies on the micro level of items which place-makers and merchants display at holy sites, an argument about the supply side of the political economy of pilgrimage is proposed. Place-makers and merchants rely on the established pilgrims’ traditions but differ concerning innovations. Place-makers are the principals of the sites and invest in innovations in order to secure the site’s long-term performance. Merchants rely on short-term purchase decisions of the pilgrims. They prefer tried and tested products and look for novelties which fits in the pattern of success. While the resilience of placemakers demonstrate the power of the supply side, the cautiousness of the merchants hints to its limits. Rome during Francis’Jubilee of Mercy and the Bavarian Marian shrine Altötting in the years after the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI are the case studies to illustrate these claims in the perspective of Marian and papal pilgrimage.
Un análisis econométrico de los seguros privados en la población urbana y rural en México.
Authors: González Núñez José Carlos , Mariné Osorio Fernando José
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los factores que afectan a la compra de un seguro privado en México, tanto en la población rural como en la urbana. Se ha estimado un modelo logístico con múltiples variables explicativas que se han obtenido de la Encuesta Nacional de Inclusión Financiera (ENIF) 2018. Los resultados muestran que la probabilidad de tener un seguro es mayor cuanto mayores son los ingresos y, especialmente, si estos tienen una periodicidad fija, y también cuanto más alto sea el nivel de estudios en el caso de la población urbana. La edad también es determinante, siendo la probabilidad de contar con un seguro más alta entre los mayores de 36 años para el caso urbano o para el tramo de edad comprendido entre los 46 y los 55 años para la población rural. Las características comunes a ambas poblaciones son que llevan un registro de gasto, que vivan acompañados, que usen telefonía móvil y que utilicen las corresponsalías bancarias.
New Vantage Points on Emotional Labor and Its Service Context: An Introduction to the Emotional Labor and Service Special Issue
Authors: Fischbach Andrea , Schneider Benjamin
Published: November 2021

This special issue introduces new perspectives on emotional labor in the service context. That is, while service work has been a focus of much of the emotional labor research world, explication of the context in which that service work occurs (including the customers served, the leadership of those who serve, and the larger organizational context) has not received much attention. In addition, the emotional labor of customers has also not been much explored. The papers included in this special issue explore these issues from the viewpoints of both the fields of organizational behavior and services management; they consider emotional labor from both employees’ and customers’ perspectives; and they explore the outcomes of emotional labor in ways that signal the common human experiences of people when in interaction with each other. Together, these papers offer new insights on emotional labor by translating service characteristics and service leadership into attitudes and experiences of service workers and customers, their behaviors and emotions, and ultimately into their health and wellbeing. This introduction provides a series of lenses useful for interpreting the papers in this special issue. We hope that the depth and diversity of new directions for emotional labor research and practice that are suggested by this special issue will inspire many researchers and practitioners navigating this world to provide both understanding of it and further the health and well-being of those involved in it.
Synthesis of Fuzzy Logic Mathematical Model for Adaptive Control of the Mig/Mag Surfacing
Authors:   Instіtut Elektrozvaryuvannya Imeni Yevhena Patona Nan Ukrayiny, Dolinenko V.V. , Shapovalov E.V. ,   Instіtut Elektrozvaryuvannya Imeni Yevhena Patona Nan Ukrayiny, Kolyada V.A. ,   Instіtut Elektrozvaryuvannya Imeni Yevhena Patona Nan Ukrayiny, Skuba T.G. ,   Instіtut Elektrozvaryuvannya Imeni Yevhena Patona Nan Ukrayiny
Published: November 2021

A functional transformer with fuzzy logic is synthesized, which allows to get the estimations of weld beads height and width at the arbitrary values of entry parameters: wire feed speed and torch transverse oscillations amplitude. The influence of these input parameters on the base metal penetration and beads geometric parameters, welded using MIG/MAG process, were studied. Surfacing was performed by a robotic system with an arc power supply "Fronius TPS- 320i", which operated in the mode of arc process synergetic control. The formation of both individual beads and surfacing layers at different overlap coefficients has been studied. The arc surfacing process was realized in a mixture of protective gases (Ar+18%CO2) using a welding wire Св-08Г2С with a 1.0 mm diameter. Surfacing speed – 4 mm/s, frequency of welding torch oscillations – 1 Hz. The obtained experimental dependences of beads width and height, as well as the length of the welding pool can be used in both: creating of multi-pass MIG/MAG surfacing program for robotic restoration of critical purposes parts surfaces, and in preparing of FEM model of MIG/MAG surfacing.