bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Special Aspects of Manifestation of the Principle of Supremacy of Law in the USA
Authors: Konovalova Lyudmila G. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and International Law of the Law Faculty of the Altai State University
Published: July 2024

Despite the fact that the United States belongs to the Anglo-Saxon legal family, the principle of the rule of law finds its manifestation in the constitutional text, political and legal practice and the legal doctrine of this country. The features of the manifestation of this principle in the United States are that, in addition to the positive enumeration of the legislative powers of the United States Congress, the US Constitution contains a number of exceptions from the competence of the legislator, established in order to limit the arbitrariness of the legislator and protect the values of constitutionalism. While officially the country adheres to the “non-delegation doctrine”, according to which only the United States Congress is endowed with the right of legislative power, in practice it is common to use the delegation of law-making powers to executive bodies. The ratio of legislative and judicial acts remains unique due to the historical emergence of the law of this country in the depths of precedents. The specificity is manifested in the fact that the statutes are more specific and substantive, they are characterized by a large volume and complexity, and judges, when applying them, try to follow a literal narrow interpretation of legislative provisions. The rule of law in the United States is not limited to ensuring formal legality, therefore, the state’s desire to implement the “rule of law”, the justice of which, first of all, must be ensured by judges, is doctrinally substantiated. However, the fairness of the country's regulations are in many cases called into question due to the ineffectiveness of the legislation and aggressive foreign policy.
The Unified Public Government System in the Russian Federation
Authors: Goshulyak Vitaly V. ,   Director of the Law Institute of the Penza State University, LL.D., Doctor of History, Professor
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the unified system of public power in the Russian Federation. In it, the author considers the unified system of public power as a system of systems consisting of a system of state power and a system of municipal power. The purposes, tasks, components, purpose, principles of functioning of each of the systems are analyzed.
CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE FUNCTIONS
Authors: Novoydarskaya Irina V. ,   Attorney of the LEGAL PARTNERSHIP Moscow Bar Association
Published: July 2024

Considering that researchers have different opinions on the determination of the content and quantity of criminal procedure functions in the Russian criminal proceedings, the article analyzes statutory and scientific approaches towards the review of the essence of these matters. Based on the results of the analysis, the author justifies her view on the concept of functions and the classification of such functions. The study is based on the mixed type of the Russian criminal procedure that is characterized by the legally established triad of procedural functions supplemented by their multitude and certain systematicity. To conclude, the author states the need for amendment of the existing concept of three criminal procedure functions.
HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF THE JUDICIAL REFORM OF 1864 AIMED AT THE ASSURANCE OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE JUDICIARY
Authors: Andreeva Olga A. ,   Professor of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Taganrog Institute of Management and Economics, Chernyavsky Dmitry A. ,   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Taganrog Institute of Management and Economics
Published: July 2024

The topic relevance is associated with the unique nature of historical experience of the Judicial Reform of 1864 that became the start of the establishment of independence of the judiciary. Being based on the principles of bourgeois constitutions, the reform guaranteed independence of court in the conditions of preservation of feudal vestiges and absolutism in the Russian empire. The logic of the judicial reform was based on the need for restructuring the entire public government and administration system. It is known that the historical experience of the Judicial Reform of 1864 assuring independence of the judiciary became the basis for qualitative changes in the system of judicial proceedings, which facilitated the establishment of court independence and granted simplified access to justice.
The Impact of Role Models and Experiences on Physical Education Teacher Education Students’ Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge
Authors: Krause Jennifer M. , O'Neil Kason
Published: July 2024

Preparing future physical education teachers to effectively integrate technology is a responsibility of physical education teacher education (PETE) programs. The purpose of this study was to examine 124 PETE students’ Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) levels, role models for TPACK, and first-hand experi-ences with TPACK. Participants completed the Survey of Preservice Physical Education Teachers’ Knowledge of Teaching and Technology. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and stepwise regression were used to determine TPACK levels, differences among participants, and predictors of TPACK. Results indicated that PETE students had high levels of TPACK (M=4.0, SD = .76) and that PETE faculty modeling was the most significant predictor of TPACK. TPACK was observed and experienced mostly with video analysis/demonstrations and activ-ity monitoring.
Wprowadzenie. Wspólnotowość jako wartość edukacji do sztuki i przez sztukę w dyskursie interdyscyplinarnym
Authors: Zalewska-Pawlak Mirosława
Published: July 2024

Tekst wprowadza w problem wspólnotowych wartości w wychowaniu do sztuki i przez sztukę. Zaprezentowano stanowiska przedstawicieli nauk społecznych i humanistycznych, co podkreśla interdyscyplinarny charakter przedstawionego problemu. Perspektywa aksjologiczna stanowiła wyjściowy motyw badawczy do sformułowania tematu prezentowanego numeru.
Sense of Community as a Value of Aesthetic Education in the European Tradition
Authors: Zalewska-Pawlak Mirosława
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the issue of the sense of community as a value of the aesthetic education theory. The topic refers to the still ongoing search for permanent references to the European cultural heritage. The author poses a question about how inspiring and permanent are the traditions of the European sense of community created by Friedrich Schiller and Herbert Read. They both proposed a visionary perspective of the “aesthetic state” or “saving the humankind through art”. They worked in different historical eras but they both made an attempt to overcome the unfavorable civilizational conditions of their times. They created a different but related category of describing the sense of community, i.e. the “I-We” co-dependency. This paper contains the analysis of their views with the emphasis on the variety of accents in the understanding of the sense of community. In the summary, the author discusses the relevance of their ideas.
W poszukiwaniu komplementarnego modelu pedagogiki sztuki jako nauki o wychowaniu/edukacji
Authors: Kubinowski Dariusz
Published: July 2024

Artykuł poświęcony jest przedstawieniu i uzasadnieniu propozycji komplementarnego modelu pedagogiki sztuki jako (sub)dyscypliny naukowej z uwzględnieniem wyzwań XXI wieku. Źródłem inspiracji tej propozycji autor uczynił myśl pedagogiczną Elliota W. Eisnera. Najpierw wskazał na różnice w definiowaniu swoistości pedagogiki i nauk pedagogicznych, nawiązując przy okazji także do socjologii, a następnie przedstawił propozycję wymiaru ontologicznego, epistemologicznego i metodologicznego projektowanej pedagogiki sztuki. Elementem opracowania jest także propozycja struktury podręcznika akademickiego dedykowanego pedagogice sztuki.
On Laughter and Its Community Functions in Social Life and Art. Considerations From an Anthropological and Pedagogical Perspective
Authors: Pankowska Krystyna
Published: July 2024

The aim of the study which adopts an anthropological and pedagogical perspective is to reflect on the community functions of art that uses comedy eliciting laughter. The subject of interest is therefore comedy-related laughter perceived as a socio-cultural phenomenon. The article examines various forms of comedy that cause laugher, and discusses their conditions and transformations. Selected examples from the field of art (literature, theater, film, visual arts) are used for exemplification. The considerations presented in the text arose from the questions about the reasons for the marginal interest in comedy and laughter, including in its community functions, in the theory of aesthetic education and in the contemporary discourse of art pedagogy.
Design of Ex-Libris to Face Identity Problems in the Teaching Community
Authors: Huerta Ricard
Published: July 2024

This research establishes the need to train primary school teachers in visual literacy. It initiated from an exploratory study which analyzed the learning process of pupils in order to evaluate the educational possibilities of visual culture, using a case study as methodology, and Arts-Based Educational Research which involved one hundred university students. The objective was to evaluate the benefits of using a creative arts workshop aimed at future primary school teachers, integrating issues of identity and social themes. Among the outcomes, what stands out is the motivation of the students for the use of graphic design, given that each student was able to create their own ex-libris (book-plate). We work to support the encouragement of future teachers’ creativity.
Community of Sounds – Community of Culture. Sound in Social Situations
Authors: Sasin Magdalena
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a look at the community of culture from the viewpoint of the community of sounds, which is its immanent part. The sound environment is a significant element which builds a feeling of national, local, group, generational, and other affiliation and identity. Sounds may function as symbols, be a part of rituals, and carry values. Treating the audiosphere as an indicator of a community opens us to a new dimension of reflecting on the meaning of the sound landscape, understood, after R. M. Schafer, as the whole or a part of the sound environment with its perceptual, social, and historical-social context. Sound is the reflection of social organization systems created by people; therefore, social changes are reflected in the sound environment. In the analysis of this issue, I have used field recordings and their descriptions made by pedagogy students from the University of Lodz. The students’ observations confirm that it is worth reflecting on the sound in the ocularcentric world, which seems more than before dominated by sight, considered a sense of distancing by Wolfgang Welsch.
Biblioteka w chmurze czy chmury nad biblioteką
Authors: Bogusławski Marcin M. , Banaszewski Kamil , Bartosiak Katarzyna , Curyło Monika , Gamrowska Beata , Mielczarek Rafał , Bikowska Katarzyna , Nahotko Marek , Firlej-Buzon Aneta , Wachowicz Monika , Grygrowski Dariusz , Włodarczyk Bartłomiej , Gmiterek Grzegorz , Kazan Anna , Skubała Elżbieta , Felińska Renata , Kościewicz Dawid , Knop Urszula , Kulczycka Urszula , Czerwińska Elżbieta , Jańdziak Anna , Michalska Urszula , Osiewała Renata
Published: July 2024

Tożsamość i wizerunek współczesnej biblioteki. Usługi biblioteczne w dobie wirtualizacji. Wdrażanie innowacji – doświadczenia bibliotek.
PROTECTION IN A BUILD-OPERATE-TRANSFER AGREEMENT ON PRIVATELY-OWNED LAND NOT ACCOMPANIED BY THE GRANTING OF A BUILDING RIGHTS TITLE
Authors: Rustam Riky , Suwardiyati Rumi
Published: July 2024

The definition of build-to-transfer agreements in several laws and regulations varies, particularly concerning the objects they govern. However, when associated with build-to-transfer agreements as contracts subject to contract law, complications arise, especially in relation to such agreements involving privately owned land. The determination of specific objects, particularly regarding the duration of build-to-transfer agreements on privately owned land, remains unregulated. Therefore, there is a need to establish legal protections for build-to-transfer agreements on privately owned land that do not include the granting of building rights. This research aims to determine the implementation period of build-to-transfer agreements and to regulate legal protections for such agreements on privately owned land without building rights. The article employs a normative research method with approaches including legal analysis, conceptual exploration, and comparative study. The findings suggest that legal protection can be enhanced by granting building rights on privately owned land, incorporating clauses reflecting the principle of special personality in agreements, and pursuing breach of contract litigation as a final legal recourse. This study contributes significantly to providing legal protection for parties involved in build-to-transfer agreements on private land. Pengertian perjanjian bangun guna serah dalam beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan bervariasi terutama terkait dengan objek yang diatur. Namun, ketika diterapkan sebagai perjanjian yang tunduk pada hukum perjanjian, terdapat tantangan, terutama jika berhubungan dengan perjanjian bangun guna serah atas tanah milik privat. Penetapan objek, khususnya mengenai jangka waktu perjanjian bangun guna serah pada tanah milik privat, masih belum diatur secara spesifik. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya regulasi perlindungan hukum yang jelas dalam perjanjian bangun guna serah atas tanah milik privat tanpa pemberian hak guna bangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan jangka waktu pelaksanaan perjanjian bangun guna serah serta mengatur perlindungan hukum dalam perjanjian tersebut atas tanah milik privat yang tidak dilengkapi dengan pemberian hak guna bangunan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normatif dengan menggunakan Undang-Undang, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan perbandingan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyarankan bahwa perlindungan hukum dapat ditingkatkan dengan memberikan hak guna bangunan atas tanah milik privat, menambahkan klausul yang mencerminkan asas personalitas khusus dalam perjanjian, dan mengajukan gugatan wanprestasi sebagai upaya terakhir dalam perlindungan hukum. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam meningkatkan perlindungan hukum bagi semua pihak yang terlibat dalam perjanjian bangun guna serah di tanah milik privat.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF ZAKAT LAW: An Analysis of Ijtihād Maqāṣidī in the Modernisation of Zakat Practices in Indonesia
Authors: Bashori Akmal , Mutho'am Mutho'am , Arianti Farida , Kumala Irma Nur , Nurviani Eka , Mukarromah Firda Laily
Published: July 2024

Zakat is not merely a category of normative worship but also an aspect of mu’āmalah characterized by its adaptability. This notion is evident in the efforts of the National Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) of Kendal District to modernize zakat law, going far beyond what is stipulated in classical naṣ and fiqh. The modernization of zakat law at BAZNAS Kendal, the main focus of this article, is explored through empirical juridical research using a philosophical re-actualization approach, extensive interpretive analysis, and the theory of maqāṣidi ijtihād. The study finds that modernization is apparent in initiatives to mandate zakat from corporations as zakatable entities, with allocations for distribution in forms such as creative consumptive zakat for installing clean water facilities, creative productive zakat in the form of microfinance, and zakat for community development. Methodologically, Baznas Kendal employs the principles of maqāṣid al-shariֿ’ah, evident in its efforts to link normative zakat teachings (naṣ) with various dynamics of modern life (al-wāqi’) and considerations of social welfare as the essence of shari’a presence. Therefore, this study contributes to the reconstruction of pre-modern zakat law formulations whose conceptualization is no longer visible in the modern era into something more contextually meaningful, and it deepens the understanding of the conceptual framework for the modernization of zakat law that adheres to maqāṣid al-shariֿֿ’ah.

Zakat bukan saja katagori ibadah kenormatifan yang given, melainkan juga mu’amalah dengan karakter adaptability (keberubahan). Anggapan ini terlihat dalam upaya Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (Baznas) Kabupaten Kendal memodernisasi hukum zakat jauh melampaui apa yang tertertuang dalam naṣ maupun fiqh klasik. Modernisasi hukum zakat di BAZNAS Kab. Kendal sebagai fokus utama dalam artikel ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan reaktualisasi filosofis dan analisis interpretatif ekstensif, dan teori ijtihād maqāṣidī. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa modernisasi hukum terlihat pada upayanya mewajibkan perusahaan sebagai objek yang dikenai zakat, sementara alokasi distribusinya dalam bentuk: zakat konsumtif kreatif berupa pemasangan saluran air bersih, dan produktif kreatif berupa zakat micro finance, serta zakat community development. Secara metodologis Baznas Kendal menggunakan dalil maqāṣid al-shari’a, hal ini terlihat pada upayanya mengaitkan antara ajaran normatif zakat (naṣ) dengan berbagai faktor dinamika kehidupan modern (al-wāqi’), serta pertimbangan kemaslatan sosial sebagai intisari kehadiran shari’a. Dengan demikian penelitian ini berkontribusi merekonstruksi formulasi hukum zakat pramodern yang konseptualisasinya tidak lagi visible di masa modern menjadi lebih memberi makna aplikasi kontekstualnya, serta memperdalam pemahaman kerangka konsepsional modernisasi hukum zakat berbasis maqāṣid al-shariֿֿ’ah.
SHOULD EXCESSIVE MARKETING EXPENSES BE REMUNERATED? LESSONS FROM INDONESIA’S TAX COURT DECISIONS
Authors: Dwindahany Cut Sarah , Efendi Subagio
Published: July 2024

This study examines the causes of remuneration disputes over excessive marketing expenditures that enhance marketing intangibles value and suggests solutions for fairly remunerating such excessive marketing activities. Based on existing literature, this study investigates the causes of disputes using four factors that affect the effectiveness of transfer pricing audits. This study employs a qualitative method using case studies of Indonesia’s tax court decisions from 2020 to 2023. The primary and secondary data are collected through interviews and existing data support and validated further using triangulations. Findings reveal that the disputes are mainly caused by weak proof of the correction made by the tax authority. Applying the arm's length principle became highly subjective due to the unclear transfer pricing regulations, inadequate assessment of the company's business complexity, and lack of comparable data. The tax authority should improve domestic regulations on transfer pricing and disclose taxpayers' nominative list of promotional expenses to implement appropriate corrections in this case. Empirically, this study has novelty by using the perspective of tax court’s judges and is based on tax court decisions in Indonesia. Practically, this research is useful in examining the amount of arm’s length remuneration for excessive marketing activities.

Penelitian ini meneliti penyebab dari sengketa remunerasi atas biaya pemasaran yang berlebihan yang dianggap meningkatkan nilai aset pemasaran tak berwujud dan menyarankan solusi untuk memberikan remunerasi yang adil atas aktivitas pemasaran yang berlebihan tersebut. Berdasarkan literatur yang ada, penelitian ini menyelidiki penyebab perselisihan dengan menggunakan empat faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas audit transfer pricing. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan studi kasus putusan pengadilan pajak Indonesia dari tahun 2020 hingga 2023. Data primer dan sekunder dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan data pendukung yang ada, dan divalidasi lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa sengketa terutama disebabkan oleh lemahnya pembuktian atas koreksi yang dilakukan oleh otoritas pajak. Penerapan prinsip kewajaran dan kelaziman usaha menjadi sangat subyektif karena peraturan penetapan harga transfer yang tidak jelas, penilaian yang kurang memadai atas kompleksitas bisnis perusahaan, dan kurangnya data pembanding. Otoritas pajak harus memperbaiki peraturan domestik tentang transfer pricing dan mengungkapkan daftar nominatif biaya promosi wajib pajak untuk menerapkan koreksi yang tepat dalam kasus ini. Secara empiris, penelitian ini memiliki kebaruan dengan menggunakan perspektif hakim pengadilan pajak dan didasarkan pada putusan pengadilan pajak di Indonesia. Secara praktis, penelitian ini bermanfaat dalam mengkaji besaran remunerasi yang wajar atas kegiatan pemasaran yang berlebihan.
Adaptation of Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL-12) for Mothers of Children Aged 3-6 Years in Indonesian Context
Authors: Hidayati Fina , Hartini Nurul , Chusairi Achmad
Published: July 2024

Adaptation of psychological instruments is very important because of differences in culture and context. This study aims to adapt the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL-12) in an Indonesian context. Initial steps include back-to-back translation, focus group discussions, expert assessments, and pilot studies. From this procedure, the number of items obtained is 12 which is the original ISEL-12 version, there are five revised items according to the context of cultural groups and parenting activities of mothers with children of early child age (3-6 years). The twelve final questions were tested on 533 mothers with an average age of 34.5 years from several regions in Indonesia. Construct validity tests are performed using EFA and CFA. The analysis showed good validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.920) and item loading factors ranging from 0.398-0.816 by showing that the three-factor model was suitable, with values based on RMSEA=0.079, CFI=0.923, TLI=0.911 and GFI=0.918. The conclusion is that ISEL-Ind also has 3 aspects in forming social support for mothers who have children in early childhood, namely, tangible support, belonging support and appraisal support. Keyword: Mother’s; Social Support; ISEL
Children Engage in the Worst Forms of Child Labour Due to Their Family’s Poor Economic Condition
Authors: programme CLARISSA
Published: July 2024

This document reports on a CLARISSA Nepal Action Research Group located in a major entry and exit point for Kathmandu Valley. This unique group comprised children from diverse backgrounds (both boys and girls, and children working in diverse types of work – from ‘party place’ workers to domestic labourers and street vending children). The theme explored by the group was: children engaged in the worst forms of child labour due to the poor economic condition of their family.
Comparing group cohesion in interactive and coactive exercise classes
Authors: Stewart Yaren Su
Published: July 2024

Exercise classes are provided in the majority of gym memberships and provide both physical activity and social interactions. By exploring group cohesion, whether members feel part of a group when exercising. This study aims to add to current research by investigating the extent in which group cohesion differs in those who attend, an interactive group exercise class compared to those who attend a coactive group exercise class. 10 members from a pump class and 10 members from a circuit class were asked about their levels of group cohesion using the Physical Activity Group Environment Questionnaire. Results revealed that there was a higher group cohesion level in the circuits class compared to the pump class. However, there was no significant differences between classes when investigating individual attraction to group-task. The results provide implications on which exercise classes a gym should run to encourage exercise and social behaviours.
Analisis Kinerja Simpang Bersinyal Dengan Metode Ekivalensi Mobil Penumpang (EMP) Chandra 2000
Authors: Kariyana I Made , Sumarda Gede , Dwipayana Sang Made , Pamungkas Tri Hayatining
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Petitenget Kerobokan intersection can cause accidents, queues, congestion, and delays due to the large amount of traffic. Therefore, an evaluation of the intersection performance is required to determine the level of service. This study utilizes analysis from the 1997 Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI) using two Passenger Car Equivalency (PCE) methods, namely Chandra 2000 PCE and MKJI 1997 PCE. The results of the analysis show that the level of service of the intersection with the Chandra 2000 PCE method is located in category E (unstable / intermittent flow) with an average delay of 45.72 seconds /mp. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis of the MKJI 1997 PCE method are located in category F (Delayed/stopped flow, queues, jams), with an average delay of 881.77 sec/smp. Based on the difference in the intersection performance values of the Chandra 2000 PCE method and the MKJI 1997 PCE method, the Chandra 2000 PCE Method, which operates at intersections with delays of 40.1-60.0 seconds per vehicle, shows results that are closer to the actual situation at the Petitenget Intersection.
Keywords: intersection performance, passenger car equivalence, level of service
Abstrak
Simpang Petitenget Kerobokan dapat menyebabkan kecelakaan, antrian, kemacetan, dan tundaan karena kepadatan lalu intas yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, evaluasi kinerja simpang diperlukan untuk menentukan tingkat layanan. Studi ini menggunakan analisis dari Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI) 1997 dengan menggunakan dua metode Ekivalensi Mobil Penumpang (EMP), yaitu EMP Chandra 2000 dan EMP MKJI 1997. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pelayanan simpang dengan metode EMP Chandra 2000 terletak pada kategori E (arus tidak stabil/tersendat-sendat) dengan tundaan rata-rata sebesar 45,72 detik/smp. Sedangkan, hasil analisis metode EMP MKJI 1997 terletak pada kategori F (Arus terlambat/berhenti, antrian, macet), dengan tundaan rata - rata sebesar 881,77 det/smp. Berdasarkan perbedaan nilai kinerja simpang metode EMP Chandra 2000 dengan metode EMP MKJI 1997, Metode EMP Chandra 2000, yang beroperasi di simpang dengan tundaan 40,1–60,0 detik per kendaraan, menunjukkan hasil yang lebih mewakili dengan situasi sebenarnya di Simpang Petitenget.
Efisiensi Durasi Dan Biaya Pembangunan Jembatan Bondoyudo Lumajang
Authors: Wulandari Diah Ayu , Utami Nanin Meyfa , Widyani Riska
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The failure of a project can be attributed to delays in implementation time and the arising issues. To prevent project failure, systematic project management is necessary to optimize both time and cost. Project crashing serves as a method to reduce project duration by streamlining activities with minimal cost. The analysis involves shortening the implementation time through two alternatives: overtime for 3 hours and additional work shifts. The research focuses on the replacement project for the Bondoyudo Bridge in Lumajang, East Java. The findings reveal that adding an hour of work incurs a cost increase of 0.94% compared to the project's normal conditions, while reducing the implementation duration by 0.55%. For a more expensive addition of 2 hours, the cost increases by 1.22%, with an implementation duration 1.09% faster than the normal duration. Furthermore, adding 3 hours results in a 1.19% cost increase and 1.64% faster implementation. Alternatively, implementing a shift work system increases project cost by 2.01% but reduces implementation duration by 7.65% compared to the normal duration.
Keywords: time and cost efficiency, crashing, overtime, and shifts
ABSTRAK
Kegagalan suatu proyek dapat dilihat dari keterlambatan waktu pelaksanaan dan masalah-masalah yang terjadi. Agar tidak terjadi kegagalan dalam suatu proyek maka diperlukan pengelolaan manajemen proyek yang sistematis sehingga dihasilkan waktu dan biaya proyek yang optimal. Crashing project merupakan suatu metode untuk mempersingkat lamanya waktu proyek dengan mengurangi waktu aktivitas yang bertujuan untuk mengoptimalisasikan waktu kerja dengan biaya terendah Analisis dilakukan dengan cara memamfaatkan/mempersingkat (crashing) waktu pelaksanaan dengan menggunakan alternatif menambah jam kerja (lembur) selama 3 jam dan penambahan shift kerja. Proyek yang digunakan sebagai bahan penelitian ialah proyek pembangunan jembatan Bondoyudo Lumajang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alternatif penambahan jam kerja selama satu jam lebih mahal 0.94 % dari biaya proyek pada kondisi normal dan durasi pelaksanaan lebih cepat 0.55 % dari durasi normal. Untuk penambahan 2 jam lebih mahal 1.22 % dan durasi pelaksanaan lebih cepat 1.09 % .Untuk penambahan 3 jam lebih mahal 1.19% dan durasi pelaksanaan lebih cepat 1.64,sedangkan dengan sistem shift kerja lebih mahal 2.01% dari biaya proyek pada kondisi normal dan durasi pelaksanaan lebih cepat 7.65% dari durasi normal.
Kata kunci: efisiensi waktu dan biaya, crashing, lembur dan shift
Analisis Numerik Rembesan dan Analisis Geofisika Dam Ranu Klakah
Authors: Assajjad Nurrohman Adi , Asmaranto Runi , Cahya Evi Nur
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Ranu Klakah Dam is an old weir that is indicated to have seepage in its downstream section. The purpose of this study is to numerically analyze seepage that occurs due to piping at Ranu Klakah Dam, including the potential location of seepage points. Geophysical analysis was conducted to visually see the seepage position on the body of Ranu Klakah Dam so that appropriate repairs could be made. Numerical analysis was conducted with the help of the Geostudio SEEP/W application, while geophysical analysis was conducted using ADMT geoelectric and ground-penetrating radar tested at the research location to interpret the subsurface layer. From the analysis, we obtained a seepage discharge of 4.38 x 10-8 m3/dt, which is still smaller than the permitted seepage discharge of 1% of the average river discharge of 0.131 m3/dt. The value of the safety factor for piping in 5 m high water level conditions is 5.01 > 4, which is the limit of the safety value. From the results of the geophysical analysis, it is known that the seepage zone is located at the baffle pillar building between the flushing door and the sluice gate at a distance of about 6–8 m from the vehicle floor on the bridge above the gate, so that repairs can be focused at this point. Thus, seepage that occurs due to piping downstream still meets the established safety requirements.
Keywords: Geoelectric, Ground Penetrating Radar, piping, seepage.
Abstrak
Dam Ranu Klakah merupakan bendung lama yang terindikasi terjadi rembesan pada bagian hilirnya. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah menganalisa secara numeris rembesan yang terjadi akibat piping pada Dam Ranu Klakah, termasuk potensi lokasi titik rembesan. Analisa geofisika dilakukan untuk dapat melihat secara visual posisi rembesan pada tubuh Dam Ranu Klakah, untuk dapat dilakukan perbaikan secara tepat. Analisa numerik dilakukan dengan bantuan aplikasi Geostudio SEEP/W, sedangkan analisa geofisika dilakukan dengan menggunakan Geolistrik ADMT dan Ground Penetrating Radar yang diujikan pada lokasi penelitian guna menginterpretasi lapisan bawah permukaan. Dari analisa yang dilakukan, didapatkan hasil debit rembesan sebesar 4,38 x 10-8 m3/dt, yang nilainya masih lebih kecil dari debit rembesan yang diizinkan sebesar 1% dari debit rata-rata Sungai yakni sebesar 0,131 m3/dt. Nilai faktor keamanan terhadap piping untuk kondisi muka air setinggi 5 m yaitu 5,01 > 4, sebagai batas nilai keamanan. Dari hasil analisa geofisika, diketahui zona rembesan terletak pada bangunan pilar penyekat antara pintu pembilas dengan pintu air sekitar jarak 6 – 8 m dari lantai kendaraan pada jembatan di atas pintu, sehingga perbaikan dapat difokuskan pada titik ini. Dengan demikian, rembesan yang terjadi akibat piping pada bagian hilir, masih memenuhi syarat keamanan yang ditetapkan.
Kata kunci: Geolistrik, Ground Penetrating Radar, piping, rembesan.
Schrumpfende Organisation : eine qualitative Studie zu Schrumpfungsprozessen und deren Deutungen in Einrichtungen der evangelischen Erwachsenenbildung
Authors: Fried Hagen
Published: July 2024

Organisationale Schrumpfungsprozesse sind, im Gegensatz zur Erforschung von Wachstumsprozessen, ein wenig beforschtes Gebiet. Im deutschsprachigen Raum und im Bereich der Erforschung von Nonprofit-Organisationen gibt es dazu kaum wissenschaftlicher Beiträge. Mit der vorliegenden hypothesengenerierenden, qualitativ ausgerichteten Forschungsarbeit werden am Beispiel von Einrichtungen der evangelischen Erwachsenenbildung Organisationen untersucht, die bereits einen Schrumpfungsprozess hinter sich haben. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, das explizite Erfahrungswissen von Betroffenen zu extrahieren, um damit „Wissen“ über Prozessverlauf, Merkmale, Gründe, Bewältigungsformen sowie über die Auswirkungen einer organisationalen Schrumpfung auf die betroffenen Mitarbeitenden zu generieren. Gleichzeitig werden Grundhaltungen herausgearbeitet, die den Hintergrund der individuellen Schrumpfungsbewältigung der betroffenen Personen beschreiben. Bundesweit wurde in sieben Einrichtungen der evangelischen Erwachsenenbildung elf leitfadengestützte Einzelinterviews mit narrativen Anteilen mit Leitenden und Mitarbeitenden geführt. Als ergänzende Perspekive wurden darüber hinaus sieben Interviews mit kirchlichen Gemeindeberaterinnen und Gemeindeberatern geführt. Die Datenauswertung orientiert sich an der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse in Anlehnung an Kuckartz. An die kategorienbasierte Darstellung der Untersuchungsergebnisse schließt sich eine Generalisierung der Ergebnisse in Form einer Typenbildung an. In der Diskussion wird zunächst auf das Fehlen einer „Theorie der Schrumpfung“ eingegangen. Daneben werden Chancen beschrieben, die bei aller Problematik auch in organisationalen Schrumpfungsprozessen liegen können. Im Rahmen einer organisationstheoretischen Diskussion wird die Entwicklung einer Organisation als Entwicklung zwischen den Polaritäten Wachstum und Schrumpfung sowie Wandel und Stabilität konzipiert. Den Abschluss der Diskussion bilden praxisrelevante Implikationen, in denen der Vorschlag erläutert wird, eine andere, und damit pragmatischere und weniger einseitig negativ ausgerichtete Haltung zur Schrumpfung von Organisationen zu lernen. Anreicherungen für die weiterführende Forschung und die Praxis schließen die Arbeit ab. Die Untersuchung stellt einen Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Theoriebildung im Bereich der organisationalem Schrumpfungsforschung dar und kann auf der Praxisebene insbesondere in der Beratung von Veränderungsprozessen einen unterstützenden und erklärenden Beitrag leisten.
The Art of Internet Mapping: A Comprehensive Guide to Regional Internet Topology Mapping at the Autonomous System Level
Authors: Witono Timotius , Yazid Setiadi , Sucahyo Yudho Giri
Published: July 2024

Background: Internet topology is studied more by researchers on global internet coverage compared to limited regional coverage. However, some studies also see the importance of studying internet topology in certain countries or regions. The internet performance of a country or region can be influenced by the structure of its internet topology, and research on internet topology can contribute to improving internet topology in that region.
Objective: This research initially carried out internet topology mapping in a limited region, then used experience from each step in conducting internet topology mapping to create a comprehensive guide on procedures for internet topology mapping at the autonomous system (AS) level in certain regional areas.
Methods: Internet topology mapping is carried out by inferring relationships between ASes through an inference process against border gateway protocol (BGP) table dumps, while the internet topology mapping method chosen is passive mapping.
Results: The entire series of steps involved in the regional internet topology mapping process have been successfully outlined in a detailed guide as a result of this research. Evaluation of the research results was carried out by implementing the application of this comprehensive guide and also through assessments from experts in related fields regarding the results of this research. The results of both evaluations showed that the research results were appropriate.
Conclusion: This research provides a comprehensive guide for mapping internet topology in specific regional areas, consisting of nine sequential steps grouped into four major steps. This guide can be used to assist similar research efforts in other regional areas as well as provide further knowledge regarding studies in this field. This research is different from previous studies, because it provides a comprehensive guide to the internet topology mapping process, which has not been available in previous studies.
 
Keywords: Internet Topology Mapping, Regional Internet Topology, Autonomous System, Border Gateway Protocol
Ground Coverage Classification in UAV Image Using a Convolutional Neural Network Feature Map
Authors: Maulidiya Erika , Fatichah Chastine , Suciati Nanik , Sari Yuslena
Published: July 2024

Background: To understand land transformation at the local level, there is a need to develop new strategies appropriate for land management policies and practices. In various geographical research, ground coverage plays an important role particularly in planning, physical geography explorations, environmental analysis, and sustainable planning.
Objective: The research aimed to analyze land cover using vegetation density data collected through remote sensing. Specifically, the data assisted in land processing and land cover classification based on vegetation density.
Methods: Before classification, image was preprocessed using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture's ResNet 50 and DenseNet 121 feature extraction methods. Furthermore, several algorithm were used, namely Decision Tree, Naí¯ve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost).
Results: Classification comparison between methods showed that using CNN method obtained better results than machine learning. By using CNN architecture for feature extraction, SVM method, which adopted ResNet-50 for feature extraction, achieved an impressive accuracy of 85%. Similarly using SVM method with DenseNet121 feature extraction led to a performance of 81%.
Conclusion: Based on results comparing CNN and machine learning, ResNet 50 architecture performed the best, achieving a result of 92%. Meanwhile, SVM performed better than other machine learning method, achieving an 84% accuracy rate with ResNet-50 feature extraction. XGBoost came next, with an 82% accuracy rate using the same ResNet-50 feature extraction. Finally, SVM and XGBoost produced the best results for feature extraction using DenseNet-121, with an accuracy rate of 81%.
 
Keywords: Classification, CNN Architecture, Feature Extraction, Ground Coverage, Vegetation Density.
Effectiveness of Role-Play Method in Improving Japanese Speaking Ability of Prospective Indonesian Migrant Workers at Vocational Training Center
Authors: Aan Amalia  , Rama Ulun Sundasewu  , Ranadireksa Dinda Gayatri
Published: July 2024

The business relationship between Indonesia and Japan continues to strengthen in line with the increasing number of Indonesian migrant workers in Japan. As of June 2023, there were 25,337 Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) working in Japan through the Specified Skilled Worker (SSW) program, and the number of Indonesian apprentices reached 45,919 as of December 2022. These workers are required to have Japanese language skills. This study aims to determine the effectiveness and relevance of one method in Japanese language learning, namely the role-play method, in improving Japanese speaking skills among prospective PMI. The research method involved distributing questionnaires to 17 prospective PMI undergoing training at a vocational training center (BLK). The results revealed that the majority of respondents experienced increased confidence after participating in Japanese language learning through the role-play method. The main challenges faced were generally related to vocabulary and sentence structure; however, the role-play method was found to be highly engaging and helpful in improving speaking skills. Japanese language learning requires an interactive approach to build confidence and effective understanding, and in this case, role-play has proven to be an effective method in enhancing interest, engagement, and Japanese speaking ability.
INFLUENCE OF SOLID PARTICLE AND SOYBEAN OIL OF PICKERING EMULSION DICLOFENAC DIETHYLAMINE USING TAGUCHI METHOD
Authors: Hutami Shabrina Nindya , Kuncahyo Ilham , Sulaiman TN Saifullah
Published: July 2024

Emulsions stabilized by solid particles are called Pickering emulsions, using diclofenac diethylamine for topical use. In this study, screening for the effect of the type of solid particles (bentonite 3%; Avicel RC-591 2.5%; and kaolin 15%) and soybean oil concentration (10%; 20%, and 30%) using the Taguchi orthogonal array method, with independent variables (type of solid particles and concentration of soybean oil, dependent variables (viscosity, pH, %EE, creaming index, globule size, and % cumulative penetration). The Pickering emulsion with Avicel RC-591 for solid particles produced a stable emulsion during 21 days of storage. Using the Taguchi orthogonal array method, the best formula based on the dependent variable is Formula 4 with physical test results at viscosity 566 cp, pH value 8.18, adsorption efficiency 55.70%, creaming index 100%, globule size 57.1 µm, cell diffusion Franz test at 120 minutes resulted in a cumulative penetration of 69.829%. The penetration power of Formula 4 is better than the emulsion with tween and span emulsifiers, which has a cumulative amount at 120 minutes of 12.609%. Therefore, Avicel RC-591 2.5% solid particles with 10% soybean oil concentration resulted in a stable Pickering emulsion and better penetration than emulsions with tween and span emulsifiers.
SURFACE MODIFICATION OF FLY ASH FROM ASAM-ASAM COAL POWER PLANT USING STEARIC ACID AS HYDROPHOBIC INORGANIC MATERIAL
Authors: Manurung Tety Wahyuningsih , Beladona Siti Unvaresi Misonia , Hakim Muh. Supwatul , Tesalonika Lidya , Al-Hadi Risfa Aliya , Iqbal Rendy Muhamad
Published: July 2024

Abundant coal reserves make this material a substitute fuel choice, especially for industry. The use of coal carries a high risk due to incomplete combustion and produces fly ash products. Fly ash cause pollution and health risks as well as environmental contamination when they are released, deposited, or leached into the ecosystem over short or long periods of time. The high content of silica and alumina in fly ash can be utilized and modified into new materials with added value. This research aims to modify the surface of fly ash using stearic acid as a hydrophobic inorganic material. Fly ash from Asam-asam Coal Power Plant was characterized by using XRD and modified by immersing in stearic acid (2,4,6, and 8%) and 98% ethanol. The result showed that the contact angle increases when fly ash is modified on the surface using stearic acid. The contact angle increases with increasing stearic acid concentration. The highest contact angle was obtained at a stearic acid concentration of 8%, and the lowest at 2% was about 112.9 and 102.2, respectively. The fly ash composition was primarily silica and alumina, which were crystalline, as confirmed by XRD. These findings provide several aspects of fly ash and its potential as a candidate material for environmental remediation and waste management.
Basic techniques for optimizing burn wound healing: insights from clinical practice
Authors: Greenhalgh David G.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this paper is to provide the author’s view on basic techniques to optimize burn wound healing. For burns that are partial thickness, the goal is to optimize re-epithelialization to reduce the chance of hypertrophic scarring. For deeper burns, there are principles that lead to better outcomes. For very small burns, such as on the hand, full-thickness skin grafts can be performed in the outpatient setting. For burns requiring split-thickness skin grafts, thicker grafts tend to contract less than thinner ones. Using wider skin grafts or breaking up straight seams with darts also leads to improved results. Choosing donor sites that either minimize scarring or can be hidden should also be considered. For the massive burn, one must still prioritize better grafts for more functional or cosmetic areas (face, hands). Early excision and coverage should reduce scarring. Despite the availability of newer technologies, simple strategies to treat the burn wound still lead to excellent results.
Military brothel as a controversial method of preventing the spread of venereal diseases among Polish soldiers in the Równe garrison in 1919
Authors: Kopociński Zbigniew , Kopociński Krzysztof
Published: July 2024

Artykuł dotyczy problematyki zwalczania chorób wenerycznych w okresie walk o odzyskanie przez Polskę niepodległości i kształt granic po zakończeniu I wojny światowej. Dla wojskowej służby zdrowia poważnym problemem były wówczas choroby weneryczne, których ogromny wzrost wiąże się z każdym długotrwałym konfliktem zbrojnym, na co rzutuje zaburzenie normalnych stosunków rodzinnych, oderwanie mężczyzn powołanych do wojska od swoich kobiet, powszechnie obecna Artykuł dotyczy problematyki zwalczania chorób wenerycznych w okresie walk o odzyskanie przez Polskę niepodległości i kształt granic po zakończeniu I wojny światowej. Dla wojskowej służby zdrowia poważnym problemem były wówczas choroby weneryczne, których ogromny wzrost wiąże się z każdym długotrwałym konfliktem zbrojnym, na co rzutuje zaburzenie normalnych stosunków rodzinnych, oderwanie mężczyzn powołanych do wojska od swoich kobiet, powszechnie obecna Artykuł dotyczy problematyki zwalczania chorób wenerycznych w okresie walk o odzyskanie przez Polskę niepodległości i kształt granic po zakończeniu I wojny światowej. Dla wojskowej służby zdrowia poważnym problemem były wówczas choroby weneryczne, których ogromny wzrost wiąże się z każdym długotrwałym konfliktem zbrojnym, na co rzutuje zaburzenie normalnych stosunków rodzinnych, oderwanie mężczyzn powołanych do wojska od swoich kobiet, powszechnie obecna na terenach zajmowanych przez wojsko przeciwnika przemoc seksualna i gwałty, ale także gwałtowny rozwój prostytucji wśród kobiet pozbawionych wsparcia mężów i zaplecza finansowego umożliwiającego przeżycie Masowe rozprzestrzenianie się chorób wenerycznych wśród polskich żołnierzy wpływało w znaczący sposób na osłabienie siły bojowej, gdyż dla weneryków tworzone były całe specjalne szpitale, w których umieszczano takich pacjentów zwolnionych w ten sposób ze służby liniowej. W Równem władze polskiej wojskowej służby zdrowia, dostrzegając poważny problem z rozprzestrzenianiem się chorób wenerycznych a uznając za ich główne źródło miejscowe prostytutki, postanowiły utworzyć Wojskowy Dom Publiczny. Rozpoczął on działalność we wrześniu 1919 r., w artykule przedstawiono szczegółowo wszelkie aspekty jego działalności. Ukazano także w skrócie historię tworzenia wojskowych domów publicznych w różnych armiach świata. Skuteczność tego rodzaju profilaktyki była raczej niska, a dwuznaczność całej sytuacji stawiała w dość kłopotliwej sytuacji władze wojskowego sanitariatu, toteż stosunkowo szybko wycofano się z tego pomysłu i w dalszych latach już nie tworzono wojskowych domów publicznych w Polskich Siłach Zbrojnych.