bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Gender in Hate Speech Targeting Politicians: Evidence from Finnish Twitter
Authors: Meriläinen Jari-Mikko
Published: June 2024

This study uses a manually classified tweet sample for examining hate speech targeting the ministers of the government of Finland. We use logistic regressions to investigate the distribution of hate speech by gender, age, party leadership, visibility, and political party, with a special focus on gender. Additionally, we divide minister portfolios into masculine, neutral, and feminine positions and examine whether a minister’s gender affects the likelihood of being targeted. Our results suggest that male and female ministers are equally likely, on average, to be targeted by hate speech. However, this relation is nuanced. First, for male ministers, visibility increases the frequency of hate speech. For female ministers, the result is the opposite. Moreover, the results suggest that women in masculine positions are more likely to face hate speech. In addition, men are targeted by hate speech less when they are holding a masculine minister portfolio. This suggests that gender roles affect hate speech.
On the Notion of anabhihite in the Cāndra Grammar
Authors: Yazaki Chōjun
Published: June 2024

Comparing the kāraka theory as presented in Pāṇiniʼs (ca. fifth-fourth century BC) and Candragominʼs (ca. fifth century AD) systems of grammar, Joshi and Roodbergen observed that in the Cāndrasūtra, the heading rule Pāṇ 2.3.1 (anabhihite), which plays an important role for all the kāraka rules, is missing. Deshpande, however, criticized their understanding. According to him, Patañjali (ca. second century BC), in his Mahābhāṣya, already dealt with the question of whether the general principle uktārthānām aprayogaḥ can justify the omission of this heading rule; under the influence of Patañjali, Candragomin took the position that it is not necessary to explicitly provide Pāṇ 2.3.1. The present paper revisits this issue on the basis of some newly edited Cāndra materials, the Cāndrapañjikā and the Śabdārthacintā, which were both written by the eminent Sinhalese grammarian Ratnamati or Ratnaśrījñāna (ca. tenth century AD). Ratna’s detailed explanation not only confirms that Deshpande’s assumption is correct, but it also clarifies that the problem pointed out by Pāṇinians in the case of the omission of Pāṇ 2.3.1 can be solved by resorting to the theory of the fivefold meaning of a nominal stem.
Detection and identification drones using long short-term memory and Bayesian optimization
Authors: El-Latif Eman I. Abd
Published: June 2024

This paper proposed a model based on bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) and Bayesian optimization to detect different drones in different Scenarios. Six different drones in three distinct scenarios—cloudy, sunny, and evening—are included in the dataset. The three primary stages of the suggested model are pre-processing, hyper-parameter optimization, and classification phase. Images are resized, noise is reduced, and contrast is enhanced in the first step. The hyperparameter values are then chosen in the second step using Bayesian optimization. In the end, the proposed model is constructed with nine layers based on the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Bi-LSTM for classification. For the cloudy scenario, the model achieves 97.43% accuracy, 99.52% sensitivity, 92.79% specificity, 96.64% precision, and 98.06 F1-score. In addition, the sunny scenario achieves 93.87%in accuracy, 97.14% in sensitivity, 87.06% in specificity, 94% in precision, and 90.25 in F1_score. The final experiment in the evening scenario is 97.50% accuracy, 99.39% sensitivity, 93.90% specificity, and 96.89% precision. Comparative results are presented at the end of the paper, and it shows that the proposed model overcomes previous works that used the same dataset.
Bread prices and sea levels: why probabilistic causal models need to be monotonic
Authors: Hoffmann-Kolss Vera
Published: June 2024

A key challenge for probabilistic causal models is to distinguish non-causal probabilistic dependencies from true causal relations. To accomplish this task, causal models are usually required to satisfy several constraints. Two prominent constraints are the causal Markov condition and the faithfulness condition. However, other constraints are also needed. One of these additional constraints is the causal sufficiency condition, which states that models must not omit any direct common causes of the variables they contain. In this paper, I argue that the causal sufficiency condition is problematic: (1) it is incompatible with the requirement that the variables in a model must not stand in non-causal necessary dependence relations, such as mathematical or conceptual relations, or relations described in terms of supervenience or grounding, (2) it presupposes more causal knowledge as primitive than is actually needed to create adequate causal models, and (3) if models are only required to be causally sufficient, they cannot deal with cases where variables are probabilistically related by accident, such as Sober’s example of the relationship between bread prices in England and the sea level in Venice. I show that these problems can be avoided if causal models are required to be monotonic in the following sense: the causal relations occurring in a model M would not disappear if further variables were added to M. I give a definition of this monotonicity condition and conclude that causal models should be required to be monotonic rather than causally sufficient.
Social kind realism as relative frame manipulability
Authors: Karagiannopoulos Yorgos , Stamatiadis-Bréhier Alexios
Published: June 2024

In this paper we introduce the view that realism about a social kind K entails that the grounding conditions of K are difficult (or impossible) to manipulate. In other words, we define social kind realism in terms of relative frame manipulability (RFM). In articulating our view, we utilize theoretical resources from Epstein’s (Epstein, The ant trap: Rebuilding the foundations of the Social Sciences. Oxford University Press, 2015) grounding/anchoring model and causal interventionism. After comparing our view with causal and principle-based (Tahko, Synthese 200(2):1–23, 2022) proposals, we motivate RFM by showing that it accommodates important desiderata about the social landscape (such as recognizing the context-relativity of social properties and the emancipatory dimension of social practice). Finally, we consider three objections. First, we tackle frame-necessitarianism (FN), the view that social kind frames are metaphysically necessary (and thus unmanipulable). Secondly, we engage with what Epstein (Epstein, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 99(3):768–781 2019a) calls UNIVERSALITY (the view that social kinds can hold in the absence of anchors) and we argue that it should also be resisted. Finally, we tackle a recent objection from Mason’s (Mason, Philosophical Studies, 178(12):3975–3994) essentialism about social kinds.
Students as victims of bullying by teachers: Longitudinal antecedents and consequences
Authors: Strohmeier Dagmar , Trach Jessica , Chávez Daniela , D’Urso Giulio
Published: June 2024

The longitudinal associations of bullying by teachers with (a) social and academic student characteristics, (b) supportive relationships with peers and adults, and (c) the school context were investigated. Three waves of data were collected over two years among 630 adolescents in Austria (50% girls; 78.8% non-immigrants; mean age = 12.52 years, SD = 0.67). Controlling for the nested data structure at class level, a series of cross lagged panel models controlling for gender, immigrant status, and age were conducted. Social student characteristics (e.g., high levels of peer victimization and high levels of peer bullying) were concurrent, but not longitudinal risk factors for being bullied by teachers. Academic student characteristics (e.g., low levels of school motivation and low levels of learning interest) were longitudinal risk factors for being bullied by teachers, but high levels of supportive peer relationships and high levels of school bonding were longitudinal protective factors. Low levels of perceived support from adults were both an antecedent and a consequence of teacher bullying. Bullying by teachers should be integrated into bullying prevention programs.
Bitch
Authors: Stollznow Karen
Published: June 2024

Bitch is a bitch of a word. It used to be a straightforward insult, but today—after so many variations and efforts to reject or reclaim the word-it's not always entirely clear what it means. Bitch is a chameleon. There are good bitches and bad bitches; sexy bitches and psycho bitches; boss bitches and even perfect bitches. This eye-opening deep-dive takes us on a journey spanning a millennium, from its humble beginnings as a word for a female dog through to its myriad meanings today, proving that sometimes you can teach an old dog new tricks. It traces the colorful history and ever-changing meaning of this powerful and controversial word, and its relevance within broader issues of feminism, gender, race and sexuality. Despite centuries of censorship and attempts to ban it, bitch has stood the test of time. You may wonder: is the word going away anytime soon? Bitch, please.
Fuel and Power
Authors: Perović Jeronim
Published: June 2024

This is a very timely study of Russia's development into a global energy power from the Russian Revolution to the present day. Beginning in the late nineteenth century, Russia emerged not only as a key producer but also as one of the world's leading exporters of oil. Russia's transformation into a modern global power was connected to its ability to make use of its vast natural resources and produce energy in increasing quantities. While the development of Russia's energy industry went hand in hand with a profound socio-political and economic transformation, the book also tells the story of international cooperation and competition, transnational exchanges, and transborder interdependencies. Through energy exports, Russia shaped global energy ﬂows and connections; at the same time, the growth of international trade impacted the views and decisions of Russian leaders, affecting the fabric of the country's foreign relations and, ultimately, the course of Russian history.
High Sodium Solubility in Magnesiowüstite in Iron‐Rich Deep Lower Mantle
Authors: Dorfman Susannah M. , Hsu Han , Nabiei Farhang , Cantoni Marco , Badro James , Prakapenka Vitali B.
Published: June 2024

(Mg,Fe)O ferropericlase‐magnesiowüstite has been proposed to host the majority of Earth's sodium, but the mechanism and capacity for incorporating the alkali cation remain unclear. In this work, experiments in the laser‐heated diamond anvil cell and first‐principles calculations determine the solubility of sodium and favorability of sodium incorporation in iron‐rich magnesiowüstite relative to (Mg,Fe)SiO3 bridgmanite. Reaction of Mg/(Mg + Fe) (Mg#) 55 and 28 olivine with NaCl at 33–128 GPa and 1600–3000 K produces iron‐rich magnesiowüstite containing several percent sodium, while iron‐rich bridgmanite contains little to no detectable sodium. In sodium‐saturated magnesiowüstite, sodium number [Na/(Na + Mg + Fe)] is 2–5 atomic percent at pressures below 60 GPa and drastically increases to 10–20 atomic percent at deep lower mantle pressures. For these two compositions, there is no significant dependence of the results on Mg#. Our calculations not only show consistent results with experiments but further indicate that such an increase in solubility and partitioning of Na into magnesiowüstite is driven by the spin transition in iron. These results provide fundamental constraints on the crystal chemistry of sodium at lower‐mantle conditions. If the sodium capacity of (Mg,Fe)O is not strongly dependent on Mg#, (Mg,Fe)O in the lower mantle may have the capacity to store the entire sodium budget of the Earth.
Fear learning induces synaptic potentiation between engram neurons in the rat lateral amygdala
Authors: Abatis Marios , Perin Rodrigo , Niu Ruifang , van den Burg Erwin , Hegoburu Chloe , Kim Ryang , Okamura Michiko , Bito Haruhiko , Markram Henry , Stoop Ron
Published: June 2024

The lateral amygdala (LA) encodes fear memories by potentiating sensory inputs associated with threats and, in the process, recruits 10–30% of its neurons per fear memory engram. However, how the local network within the LA processes this information and whether it also plays a role in storing it are still largely unknown. Here, using ex vivo 12-patch-clamp and in vivo 32-electrode electrophysiological recordings in the LA of fear-conditioned rats, in combination with activity-dependent fluorescent and optogenetic tagging and recall, we identified a sparsely connected network between principal LA neurons that is organized in clusters. Fear conditioning specifically causes potentiation of synaptic connections between learning-recruited neurons. These findings of synaptic plasticity in an autoassociative excitatory network of the LA may suggest a basic principle through which a small number of pyramidal neurons could encode a large number of memories.
The human ATAD5 has evolved unique structural elements to function exclusively as a PCNA unloader
Authors: Wang Feng , He Qing , Yao Nina Y. , O’Donnell Michael E. , Li Huilin
Published: June 2024

Humans have three different proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) clamp-loading complexes: RFC and CTF18-RFC load PCNA onto DNA, but ATAD5-RFC can only unload PCNA from DNA. The underlying structural basis of ATAD5-RFC unloading is unknown. We show here that ATAD5 has two unique locking loops that appear to tie the complex into a rigid structure, and together with a domain that plugs the DNA-binding chamber, prevent conformation changes required for DNA binding, likely explaining why ATAD5-RFC is exclusively a PCNA unloader. These features are conserved in the yeast PCNA unloader Elg1-RFC. We observe intermediates in which PCNA bound to ATAD5-RFC exists as a closed planar ring, a cracked spiral or a gapped spiral. Surprisingly, ATAD5-RFC can open a PCNA gap between PCNA protomers 2 and 3, different from the PCNA protomers 1 and 3 gap observed in all previously characterized clamp loaders.
Sentiment analysis of the Hamas-Israel war on YouTube comments using deep learning
Authors: Liyih Ashagrew , Anagaw Shegaw , Yibeyin Minichel , Tehone Yitayal
Published: June 2024

Sentiment analysis aims to classify text based on the opinion or mentality expressed in a situation, which can be positive, negative, or neutral. Therefore, in the world, a lot of opinions are available on various social media sites, which must be gathered and analyzed to assess the general public’s opinion. Finding and monitoring comments, as well as manually extracting the information contained in them, is a difficult task due to the vast diversity of ideas on YouTube. Identifying public opinion on war topics is crucial for offering insights to opposing sides based on popular opinion and emotions about the ongoing war. To address the gap, we build a model on YouTube comment sentiment analysis of the Hamas-Israel war to determine public opinion. In this study, we address the gaps by developing a deep learning-based approach for sentiment analysis. We have collected 24,360 comments from popular YouTube News Channels including BBC, WION, Aljazeera, and others about the Hamas-Israel War using YouTube API and Google spreadsheet and labeled them by linguistic experts into three classes: positive, negative, and neutral. Then, textual comments were preprocessed using natural language processing (NLP) techniques, and features were extracted using Word2vec, FastText, and GloVe. Moreover, we have used the SMOTE data balancing technique and used different data splits, but the 80/20 train-test split ratio has the highest accuracy. For classification model building, commonly used classification algorithms LSTM, Bi-LSTM, GRU, and Hybrid of CNN and Bi-LSTM were applied, and their performance is compared. As a result, the Hybrid of CNN and Bi-LSTM with Word2vec achieved the highest performance with 95.73% accuracy for comments classifications.
Investigation of antifungal and antibacterial potential of green extracts of propolis
Authors: Jenny Jeslin Cheruvathoor , Kuś Piotr Marek , Szweda Piotr
Published: June 2024

Propolis extracts have been used in traditional medicines since ages due to its advantageous complex chemical composition. However, the antibacterial and antifungal activity of poplar propolis extracts prepared in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) are seldom studied. This study investigates suitable alternate for ethanol as a solvent for extraction for Polish poplar propolis. It also attempts to identify suitable extraction condition for the efficient transfer of compounds from propolis to the solvents. The extraction efficiency of NADES extracts was assessed in terms of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity. The chemical composition of the extracts was analysed using UHPLC-DAD-QqTOF-MS. Four extracts, prepared in Propylene Glycol, Choline Chloride:Propylene Glycol (1:3), Choline Chloride:Propylene Glycol (1:4) and Choline Chloride:Glycerol (1:2), demonstrated activity and properties similar to ethanolic extract and extraction at 50 °C was found the most suitable for propolis. HPLC analysis confirmed that the chemical cocktail extracted by these solvents from propolis were identical with minor variations in their concentration as compared to its ethanolic extract. Thus, extracts of propolis at 50 °C in Propylene Glycol, Choline Chloride:Propylene Glycol (1:3) and Choline Chloride:Propylene Glycol (1:4) can be alternates for ethanolic extracts.
Ingestion of amoxicillin–clavulanic acid at therapeutic concentration during blood meal impacts Aedes aegypti microbiota and dengue virus transmission
Authors: Garcia--Van Smévoorde Margot , Calvez Elodie , Quétel Isaure , Dollin Christelle , Breurec Sébastien , Vega-Rúa Anubis
Published: June 2024

Dengue virus (DENV), mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is the most prevalent arbovirus worldwide, representing a public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. In these areas, antibiotic consumption rises which may impact both mosquito microbiota and dengue transmission. Here, we assessed how the ingestion by Ae. aegypti of therapeutic concentrations of amoxicillin–clavulanic Acid association (Amox/Clav), a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat febrile symptoms worldwide, impacted its microbiota. We also evaluated whether simultaneous ingestion of antibiotic and DENV impacted Ae. aegypti ability to transmit this virus. We found that Amox/Clav ingestion impacted microbiota composition in Ae. aegypti and we confirmed such impact in field-collected mosquitoes. Furthermore, we observed that Amox/Clav ingestion enhanced DENV dissemination and transmission by this mosquito at 21 days post-DENV exposure. These findings increase our understanding of factors linked to human hosts that may influence dengue transmission dynamics in regions with mass-drug administration programs.
Emergence of input selective recurrent dynamics via information transfer maximization
Authors: Kanemura Itsuki , Kitano Katsunori
Published: June 2024

Network structures of the brain have wiring patterns specialized for specific functions. These patterns are partially determined genetically or evolutionarily based on the type of task or stimulus. These wiring patterns are important in information processing; however, their organizational principles are not fully understood. This study frames the maximization of information transmission alongside the reduction of maintenance costs as a multi-objective optimization challenge, utilizing information theory and evolutionary computing algorithms with an emphasis on the visual system. The goal is to understand the underlying principles of circuit formation by exploring the patterns of wiring and information processing. The study demonstrates that efficient information transmission necessitates sparse circuits with internal modular structures featuring distinct wiring patterns. Significant trade-offs underscore the necessity of balance in wiring pattern development. The dynamics of effective circuits exhibit moderate flexibility in response to stimuli, in line with observations from prior visual system studies. Maximizing information transfer may allow for the self-organization of information processing functions similar to actual biological circuits, without being limited by modality. This study offers insights into neuroscience and the potential to improve reservoir computing performance.
Health literacy and mental health: a national cross-sectional inquiry
Authors: Haeri-Mehrizi Aliasghar , Mohammadi Samira , Rafifar Shahram , Sadighi Jila , Kermani Ramin Mozaffari , Rostami Rahele , Hashemi Akram , Tavousi Mahmoud , Montazeri Ali
Published: June 2024

Health literacy and mental health are among the most important issues in the modern health and era of public health. This study aimed to investigate the association between health literacy and mental health status. This was a national cross-sectional study that was conducted in Iran. A sample of literate individuals aged 18–65 was entered into the study using multistage sampling. The data were collected by the Health Literacy Instrument for Adults (HELIA) and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Logistic regression and path analysis were used for data analysis. A total of 20,571 individuals completed the questionnaires. The mean(± SD) age of participants was 34.9(± 11.8) years old, 51% were female, and 38.1% had higher education. The mean(± SD) health literacy score was 68.3(± 15.2), and 29.8% of the respondents reported some mental health problems. Logistic regression analysis showed that limited health literacy was associated with poor mental health status (OR 2.560, 95% CI 2.396–2.735, P = 0.001). The path analysis showed that an increase in health literacy could reduce psychological and social dysfunction (the effect of health literacy on reducing psychological distress is more profound). It is recommended to carry out interventions that strengthen adult’s cognitive and communication skills to improve their ability to access and use health information to make healthy choices.
Reduction of oxygen concentration in 300 mm diameter n-type Czochralski silicon crystal growth using an optimized heating zone with dual side-heaters
Authors: Liu Peidong , Hu Zechen , Yang Yang , Li Huimin , Li Xiangyu , Sun Ziyang , Guo Jinwei , Yang Deren , Yu Xuegong
Published: June 2024

In this study, the modified heating zone structure for 300 mm diameter Cz-Si crystal growth with dual side-heaters has been proposed. Based on it, 300 mm diameter n-type RCz-Si crystals with the oxygen concentration of 9.5–10.5 ppma were obtained.
Valorization of waste biomass for the fabrication of isocyanate-free polyurethane foams
Authors: Trojanowska Dagmara , Monie Florent , Perotto Giovanni , Athanassiou Athanassia , Grignard Bruno , Grau Etienne , Vidil Thomas , Cramail Henri , Detrembleur Christophe
Published: June 2024

Biowaste promotes the self-blowing of isocyanate-free polyurethane (NIPU) liquid formulations and stabilizes the growing cells to deliver homogeneous foams.
Lignin molecular sieving engineering enables high-plateau-capacity hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Binyi , Zhong Lei , Lu Manjia , Jian Wenbin , Sun Shirong , Meng Qingwei , Wang Tiejun , Zhang Wenli , Qiu Xueqing
Published: June 2024

Lignin molecules with different polarities are separated through molecular sieve engineering. The hard carbon prepared using acetone-isolated lignin has the largest closed pore volume, which enables a high plateau capacity of 233 mA h g−1.
Investigating electrochemical behavior of cobalt pentacyano(methylaniline)ferrate(ii) in various aqueous electrolytes for supercapacitor application
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Inayat Abid , Ali Saqib , Mansoor Muhammad Adil , Haider Ali , Khan Khizar Hayat , Hussain Hazrat , Nisar Talha , Wagner Veit , Abbas Syed Mustansar
Published: June 2024

Novel Prussian blue analogue (PBA) electrode material for supercapacitor application showed high capacity in 3 M KOH and excellent performance when tested in solid-state asymmetric device with 93% capacity retention over 2000 cycles.
Unlocking enhanced electrochemical performance through oxygen–nitrogen dual functionalization of iron–nickel–sulfide for efficient energy storage systems
Authors: Nguyen Lan , Bhattarai Roshan Mangal , Teke Sosiawati , Chhetri Kisan , Acharya Debendra , Sasikumar Ragu , Mok Young Sun
Published: June 2024

This study showcases a supercapacitor device with oxygen–nitrogen dual functionalized and sulfurized iron–nickel hydroxysulfide, demonstrating high performance and stability for energy storage.
Synergistic optimization of the thermoelectric performance of BiSbSe3 using doping and multi-scale defect engineering
Authors: Shi Xiaowei , Tian Zhen , Jiang Quanwei , Yan Yu , Kang Huijun , Guo Enyu , Chen Zongning , Wang Tongmin
Published: June 2024

This work reveals the synergistic effect of codoping and multi-scale defect engineering on enhancing the thermoelectric properties of BiSbSe3 materials.
Expanding the boundaries of silk sericin biomaterials in biomedical applications
Authors: Veiga Anabela , Foster Olivia , Kaplan David L. , Oliveira Ana Leite
Published: June 2024

Unlock the potential of silk sericin (SS) in bioengineering. From its origins to market evolution, explore its diverse applications and future prospects.
Cyber‐physical system model based on multi‐agent system
Authors: Ahmed Maqbol , Kazar Okba , Harous Saad
Published: June 2024

Integrating physical processes with computational components creates cyber‐physical systems (CPS) that seamlessly interact between the physical and digital worlds. The cyber‐physical system has become an interesting research area and an attractive application domain, especially in industry based on the big advantages of this new paradigm. All companies are trying to use this model to control the real industry sector by integrating the cyber system. Many solutions were proposed however, they were not entirely satisfactory. This research proposes a novel CPS model based on Multi‐Agent Systems (MAS). This model takes advantage of MAS's collaborative and distributed nature to improve CPS's performance and functionality. Therefore, this model offers a flexible and scalable approach to the development and management of intricate, and interwoven CPSs. The research focuses on developing a CPS model, that encompasses nine layers: the physical agent, security agent, computation agent, decision‐making agent, control agent, communication agent, resilience agent, maintenance agent, and application agent layer. The MAS framework is employed to overcome the challenges associated with CPS design, such as coordination, dependability, maintainability, robustness, security, control etc. The results of this exploration are significant in their contribution to the advancement of CPS modelling by utilising Multi‐Agent Systems.
Rating of Investment Potential of Regions and Their Digital Profiles
Authors: Karanina Elena , Karaulov Vasily , Tokareva Polina
Published: June 2024

The investment potential of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation can be assessed based on the rating and digital profiles of the regions. The rating can be built on the basis of integral indicators of the level of intensity and efficiency of expenditures and with the use of integral indicator of the region’s investment potential -IIRFP. The obtained ranking results can be reflected on heat maps.
Greenwashing: Deceptive Marketing Practices, trends and facts
Authors: Chudinovskikh Marina , Gudoshnikova Yulia , Boronenkova Nadezhda
Published: June 2024

Greenwashing is a marketing technique used by companies to create a false impression that their products or activities are environmentally friendly or environmentally conscious. The article discusses the greenwashing prevalence in today’s market and its negative effects on consumers, the environment and society as a whole. The authors cite examples of greenwashing practices and offer recommendations for identifying and combating greenwashing.
Food security as a factor of sustainable national economic development
Authors: Loginov Dmitry Alekseevich
Published: June 2024

Food security is constantly evolving. In the course of its development, some priority tasks are solved and new ones arise. Today, when food independence has been achieved for the most part, there is a need to assess the contribution of food security to the sustainable development of the country and identify approaches to the effective impact of measures to strengthen national food security on the development and stability of socio economic development. To do this, the study analyzes the system of criteria for food security, substantiates its complex nature and delineates the spheres of impact of food security on the sustainable development of the country. The analysis of food security as a system of individual security conditions is carried out and the directions of the impact of measures to ensure national food security on the integrated sustainable development of the national economy are formulated. The role of food security in ensuring the social comfort of the population is outlined.
Comparative analysis of the biochemical composition of Leontice L. Species
Authors: Bobokandov Nodirjon , Nomozova Zebunisso , Mukumov Ilkhom , Mustanov Sobir , Tashpulatov Yigitali
Published: June 2024

Leontice L. belongs to the Berberidaceae family, and it is an ephemeroid, medicinal, ornamental, poisonous and rhizomes plant. This research compares the biochemical composition of species of the Leontice L genus. In this research flavonoid content of the plant (rutin, salidroside, dihydroquercistin) was investigated. It was found that L. ewersmannii contains a lot of rutin and salidroside, while L. incerta has a small amount, but no dihydroquercistin was found. Additionally, the structural and quantitative indicators of macro-microelements in the plant were analyzed
Terpenoid coumarins and macro- and microelement composition of three types of roots of plants of the Genus Ferula L.
Authors: Babekov Anarbay , Murzubraimov Bektemir , Abjaparova Ainura , Dursunbaeva Aida , Akhunbaeva Tattygul
Published: June 2024

This article presents the morphological structure, classification of biologically active substances, and chemical composition of plants of the genus Ferula, growing in Kyrgyzstan. Plants of the genus Ferula have long been used in folk medicine, as they contain biologically active compounds. The variety of biological properties of substances found in different types of ferula has prompted researchers to more carefully study their chemical composition. To date, chemotaxonomic summaries have been compiled for all major families of higher plants, but insufficient knowledge of the chemical composition of plants in Kyrgyzstan has led to the fact that many plants growing in Kyrgyzstan are not included in world reports. Research into the dynamics of the accumulation of biologically active substances to determine the optimal timing of raw material procurement, when certain useful substances accumulate in them in maximum quantities, is also relevant. Systematic studies in recent years have shown that the healing properties of medicinal plants are determined, first of all, by the harmonious combination of the biologically active substances of various classes of natural compounds they contain. This article also provides the macro- and microelement composition of the three types of roots of plants of the genus Ferula of the Apiaceae family. The accumulation of macro- and microelements in plants depends on the type of soil, its physical properties and chemical state, the geographical location of the area, climatic conditions and the stage of plant vegetation.
Surface water quality in the upper reaches of the Naryn River basin: Composition and seasonal changes
Authors: Degembaeva Nadira , Baibagyshev Ermek , Atakanov Amanjol , Akmatov Kuban , Ayipov Barchynbek
Published: June 2024

Data on the quality of surface waters of the Naryn River according to chemical indicators from 3 monitoring posts for the period from 2014 to 2020 were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Na+ are high in spring. These studies serve to provide a detailed assessment of the surface water hydrochemistry reported in this article and will provide the basis for scientific water quality assessment monitoring for water users. They also are important in management and water resources and plays a significant role in informing the population about rational use as the basis for sustainable development. Since the economic development of the country requires reasonable management of river basins. It is important that local communities collaborate with scientists and change local needs in determining priorities to improve water quality and reasonable water resources.
Smart factories and their impact on modern manufacturing enterprises: Prospects and challenges in the era of the digital economy
Authors: Musaeva Kheda , Vyachina Irina , Aliyeva Metanet
Published: June 2024

The advent of smart factories marks a significant shift in modern manufacturing, driven by the integration of advanced digital technologies and automation into production processes. This paper explores the prospects and challenges associated with smart factories in the context of the digital economy. Smart factories leverage technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and robotics to enhance efficiency, flexibility, and productivity in manufacturing operations. By connecting machines, sensors, and systems in a seamless network, smart factories enable real-time monitoring, analysis, and optimization of production processes. The potential benefits of smart factories are vast, including increased production efficiency, reduced downtime, improved quality control, and enhanced resource utilization. Moreover, the adoption of smart manufacturing practices can lead to cost savings, faster time-to-market, and greater customization capabilities, enabling manufacturing enterprises to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. However, the transition to smart factories also presents various challenges and considerations. These include the need for significant investments in technology infrastructure and workforce upskilling, as well as concerns related to data security, privacy, and interoperability.
Sustainable Synthesis of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Green Materials
Authors: Kansal Lavish , Joshi Abhishek , Mishra Rahul , Malhotra Abhiraj , Prasanna J. Lakshmi , Sharma Priyanka
Published: June 2024

Traditional synthesis techniques that use perilous solvents and poisonous precursors give rise to environmental and health apprehensions. This research explores sustainable methods of synthesizing materials utilizing environmentally friendly substances to tackle these difficulties. The synthesis of perovskite films was carried out utilizing environmentally friendly solvents, namely ethanol and water, and lead-free or recycled precursors, under optimum circumstances. An assessment was conducted on the efficiency of solar cell devices made from environmentally friendly perovskite materials. The results showed that these devices achieved efficiencies ranging from 11.8% to 13.1%, open-circuit voltages between 0.72 V and 0.78 V, short-circuit current densities from 17.8 mA/cm² to 18.5 mA/cm², and fill factors ranging from 76% to 80%. Material characterization demonstrated that the green perovskite films exhibited similar properties to traditionally produced films, including comparable bandgaps, crystallinity percentages, surface areas, and absorption peaks. The use of life cycle assessment (LCA) measures revealed significant decreases in energy consumption, waste production, and CO2 emissions linked to green synthesis techniques, hence highlighting the positive environmental effects. By using sustainable synthesis procedures, there was a significant improvement in environmental performance. Specifically, energy consumption decreased by 25%, trash production reduced by 20%, and CO2 emissions decreased by 30% compared to traditional methods. The results emphasize the capacity of green synthesis techniques to increase the sustainability of perovskite solar cells, without compromising or even enhancing device performance. In summary, this study makes a significant contribution to the progress of perovskite technology that is ecologically sustainable and offers vital insights for the advancement of renewable energy solutions.
Research on digitalization processes in agriculture
Authors: Plakhin Andrey , Ogorodnikova Ekaterina , Loginova Ekaterina
Published: June 2024

The study of the process of transformation of agriculture is a relevant topic due to the need to identify factors slowing down the development of the digital agriculture model. The purpose of the article is to determine the comprehensive development of digital technologies in organizations operating in the agriculture sectors of the Russian Federation. The results of the study showed that there are significant digital gaps in the implementation of digital technologies by agricultural organizations. The lack of integrated use of digital technologies leads to the impossibility of forming a digital model of agriculture, since a gap arises between systems that automatically collect information about the condition of plants and animals and systems of robotic equipment and automatic correction based on artificial intelligence technologies.
Digital technologies in agricultural development: The experience of Latin American countries
Authors: Galvez Diana Pamela Chavarry , Galvez Wilmer Paul Chavarry
Published: June 2024

The article highlights the main problems of agriculture in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region and considers “smart agriculture” as one of the directions for solving these problems. It is concluded that information technologies in the industry in LAC are most developed in Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Uruguay, and much less in Ecuador, Peru, and several other countries. Among the areas of digitalization of the region's agricultural industry, the following were highlighted: specialized software, digital sensors, drones, robots, autonomous vehicles, territory mapping systems, GPS, cloud technologies, the Internet of Things, big data, precision agriculture, and others. The thesis substantiates that, despite the advantages of using digital technologies in the agricultural sector, LAC countries may face some problems in their implementation, including the high costs of digitalization of production processes, the deterioration of the situation of small farmers due to the risk of monopolization of markets by companies owning modern digital technologies, a reduction in the need for labor resources, and, as a consequence, an increase in unemployment. It is emphasized that these, as well as other risks when introducing digital technologies in agriculture,require further understanding and the adoption of effective measures to minimize them.
Modelling Cotton Fiber Doffing From Saw Teeth Based On A Mathematical Model
Authors: Yuldashev Khasanboy , Sharipov Khayrullo , Najmitdinov Shukhrat , Inamova Maftuna , Ruzimatov Sanjar
Published: June 2024

In recent years, there have been many researches devoted to the theoretical foundations of the sawing process. However, among them, there are none devoted to the study of the process of extracting the fiber separated from the seed from the saw teeth. From this point of view and based on the existing problems of fiber removal in saw teeth, this research aims to fill this gap and analyze the problems related to this topic.
The current state of innovative development of agriculture in Russia
Authors: Akupiyan O.S. , Kravchenko D.P. , Chovgan N.I. , Dorofeev A.F. , Javadova S.A.
Published: June 2024

The development of a competitive, socially and strategically oriented agriculture becomes possible only if it switches to an innovative development path. Agriculture is an important and promising industry for Russia, therefore, its development in the direction of sustainable positive dynamics of providing food resources to the country's population and the entry of domestic agricultural products into foreign markets requires the definition of strategic guidelines for innovation in this industry, in accordance with which the state policy of ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises will be implemented. The article analyzes the current state of innovative development of the agricultural sector in Russia. The importance of introducing innovations in the agricultural sector is also highlighted, and the main stages of this process are described. The positive aspects and threats that hinder the effective development of innovative agricultural activities are presented. The analysis of the main problems of innovation implementation is carried out and the ways of their solution are given.
Resource characteristics of the natural distribution of medicinal plants Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. in the Naryn region of the Inner Tien Shan
Authors: Omurova Kenzhekul Orozobekovna , Dolonova Gulmira Mamatovna , Burkanov Nurali Rakhmanovich , Sodombekov Ishenbay Sodombekovich , Dursunbaeva Aida
Published: June 2024

In recent years, special attention has been paid worldwide to medicinal remedies derived from medicinal plants for the healthcare system. There is a high demand for them, as a result of which medicinal plants are becoming relevant all over the world. Currently, their use is becoming increasingly important in the treatment and prevention of many diseases. This article examines the natural distribution of common plants grown in phytocenological and ecological conditions involving medicinal plants Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. in the Naryn region, which belongs to the high-mountain valley of the Inner Tien Shan. A comprehensive study of medicinal plants in the region made it possible to formulate scientific approaches to the study of medicinal plants and substantiate their resource characteristics and the possibility of their use in medicine. Currently, there is increasing interest and demand for raw materials for the industrial production of drugs based on medicinal plants, for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. There is very limited scientifically based information on the natural distribution of medicinal plants in the valleys of the Inner Tien Shan and their reserves.
On the issue of resilience as a factor for business ecosystems sustainable development
Authors: Agafonova Irina , Sysoeva Tatiana
Published: June 2024

This paper discusses the topical issues of sustainable business development and its relevance for organizations. In today's competitive environment, businesses face unprecedented challenges, which require innovative solutions to ensure long-term success. The paper defines the concept of “sustainability” as an essential element of business management and outlines the key principles that organizations should follow to implement this concept. The authors emphasize the importance of eco friendly business practices and focus on improving the wellbeing of society as essential components of the “ESG” (Environmental, Social, and Governance) agenda. They also introduce the concept of resilience, which can help organizations create new competitive advantages in a rapidly changing business landscape. Throughout the paper, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and opportunities that organizations face in implementing sustainable business practices. They argue that by adopting these principles, organizations can not only ensure their own long-term viability but also contribute to a more sustainable and prosperous society. The experience of the Japanese business ecosystem, as represented by Hitachi Data Systems, can be seen as a positive and effective example of how to implement the concept of “resilience” in practice.
Microbiological, physicochemical and biotechnological properties of dairy raw materials under intensive technologies
Authors: Chechenikhina Olga , Lazarev Vladimir
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the article is to analyze the microbiological, physico-chemical and biotechnological properties of raw milk obtained under intensive technologies using the Lely Astronaut A4 robotic milking system in comparison with milking operations using milking pipeline machines DA-2M Maiga, subjected to baromembrane sterilization through ceramic microfiltration membranes. It has been established that the use of intensive robotic technologies – the LelyAstronautA4 robotic milking system – can increase milk yield by an average of 12% compared to milking in a milk line using ceramic microfiltration elements (CMFE); reduce bacterial contamination of milk to a content of less than 500 thousand bacteria per 1 ml and decrease titratable acidity by 0.17°T. Research has shown that the optimal process for sterilizing raw milk is microfiltration. Microfiltrational sterilization through CMFE membranes removes 99.9% of bacteria and spores from milk. To normalize the fat content of milk after baromembrane sterilization, the required amount of cream, sterilized by the classical heat method, is added.
Biological preparations from crop waste for organic farming
Authors: Dzhumanazarova Asilkan , Stozhko Natalia , Dzhorupbekova Dzhanymbu , Gutsalyuk Natalia , Bukharinova Maria
Published: June 2024

Organic farming, aimed at cultivation of crops without the use of artificial fertilizers, is an important trend in the development of agricultural economy. The primary role in organic farming is assigned to substances of natural origin, so-called biostimulants and bioprotectors, which improve plant growth and yield without negative impact on the agroecosystem. In this work, extracts from potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Solanum lycopercicum) haulm were studied for possible use as biological preparations in organic farming. Ultrasonic treatment from 10 to 50 minutes was applied for productive extraction of extractive substances from potato and tomato haulm. Bacteriostatic activity tests showed that potato leaf extracts selectively acted on Pseudomonas sp. (strain 2), Bacillus subtilis strain 26D and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain B4050, which allows us to recommend them for use as bioprotectants. Antioxidant activity (AOA) in extracts from tomato stems and leaves, which were tested for seed germination and tomato seedling growth in comparison with commercial biological preparations, was evaluated using potentiometry method. Tomato leaf extract showed the highest effect, surpassing the effect of commercial preparations. It was observed that there is a correlation between the growth-stimulating effect of tomato stem and leaf extracts and their AOA. The high AOA and absence of inhibitory or phytopathogenic properties of tomato leaf extract allows us to consider it as a possible ingredient for the creation of a new biostimulant.