bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A framework for integrating inferred movement behavior into disease risk models
Authors: Dougherty Eric R. , Seidel Dana P. , Blackburn Jason K. , Turner Wendy C. , Getz Wayne M.
Published: July 2022

Movement behavior is an important contributor to habitat selection and its incorporation in disease risk models has been somewhat neglected. The habitat preferences of host individuals affect their probability of exposure to pathogens. If preference behavior can be incorporated in ecological niche models (ENMs) when data on pathogen distributions are available, then variation in such behavior may dramatically impact exposure risk. Here we use data from the anthrax endemic system of Etosha National Park, Namibia, to demonstrate how integrating inferred movement behavior alters the construction of disease risk maps. We used a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model that associated soil, bioclimatic, and vegetation variables with the best available pathogen presence data collected at anthrax carcass sites to map areas of most likely Bacillus anthracis (the causative bacterium of anthrax) persistence. We then used a hidden Markov model (HMM) to distinguish foraging and non-foraging behavioral states along the movement tracks of nine zebra (Equus quagga) during the 2009 and 2010 anthrax seasons. The resulting tracks, decomposed on the basis of the inferred behavioral state, formed the basis of step-selection functions (SSFs) that used the MaxEnt output as a potential predictor variable. Our analyses revealed different risks of exposure during different zebra behavioral states, which were obscured when the full movement tracks were analyzed without consideration of the underlying behavioral states of individuals. Pathogen (or vector) distribution models may be misleading with regard to the actual risk faced by host animal populations when specific behavioral states are not explicitly accounted for in selection analyses. To more accurately evaluate exposure risk, especially in the case of environmentally transmitted pathogens, selection functions could be built for each identified behavioral state and then used to assess the comparative exposure risk across relevant states. The scale of data collection and analysis, however, introduces complexities and limitations for consideration when interpreting results.
Assessment of orthodontic borderline treatment need: A comparison of two aesthetic indices
Authors: Sampson Ariane , Passan Neha , Jeremiah Huw G. , Kirschen Robert
Published: July 2022

Objective

To compare a new “guide for borderline orthodontic need” (GBON) with the “aesthetic component” (AC) of the IOTN in assessing borderline cases (dental health component DHC 3), and to compare reliability and opinions of orthodontists on the use of each index.

Materials and methods

Cross-sectional population descriptive study. Ninety-four qualified orthodontists assessed 30 borderline malocclusions according to the GBON and AC indices and completed a questionnaire.

Results

Kappa analysis showed GBON and AC to have similar intra-examiner reliability (K = 0.64 and 0.60 ,respectively). Cronbach’s alpha inter-examiner reliability analysis showed GBON and AC to have similar, acceptable reliability (α = 0.7 and 0.9 ,respectively). There was only fair agreement between GBON and AC in terms of the number of malocclusions deemed as needing treatment (AC threshold 6). Analysis of specific occlusal traits revealed that reverse overjets were deemed as needing treatment according to AC but not anterior open bites. Both traits were assessed as needing treatment according GBON. Despite a lack of familiarity with GBON, assessors found GBON easier to use and more appropriate in assessing borderline malocclusions.

Conclusions

Both GBON and AC had good and similar inter- and intra-examiner reliability. There was substantial agreement on treatment need between GBON and AC but only when the AC threshold is reduced to 4. GBON was more able to identify malocclusal traits in need of treatment than AC. GBON was found to be easier to use and considered more appropriate than AC in judging DHC 3 malocclusions.
Research trends of the application of aerogel materials in clothing
Authors: Du Ying , Kim Hee-Eun
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the application research of aerogel materials in clothing and analyzed the current research focus on aerogel clothing, the details of the development of aerogel materials, and the evaluation of the application effects of aerogel in clothing. Current research mainly focuses on the application of aerogel in firefighting clothing, space suits, wetsuits, and footwear products. The aerogel materials used in surveyed studies can be classified into aerogel fiber composite, aerogel foam composite, and aerogel coating fabric. Aerogel fiber composite is the most widely used aerogel material in the clothing industry. The thermal performance, mechanical properties, and comfort performance of aerogel clothing have been qualitatively discussed. This survey revealed that aerogel positively affects thermal performance of clothing. In addition, the mechanical properties such as the durability and strength of aerogel materials can meet the application requirements of clothing. However, the dust contamination hazard of aerogel particles limits the further application of aerogels in clothing. In addition, the experimental evaluation of the comfort performance of aerogel clothing through human- and manikin-wearing experiments is insufficient. The findings of this study reveal that it is essential to conduct further studies on the comfort performance of aerogel clothing to determine whether aerogel can have widespread application in clothing. Lastly, we provide suggestions on directions for future studies on the application of aerogels in clothing.
Cause of microfibers found in the domestic washing process of clothing; focusing on the manufacturing, wearing, and washing processes
Authors: Lim Jungeun , Choi Jeein , Won Ahyoung , Kim Minji , Kim Sungmin , Yun Changsang
Published: July 2022

To prepare measures for washing synthetic fibers, which cause proliferation of microplastics in the marine ecosystem, a fundamental analysis is required. Therefore, this study established an efficient method for quantitatively analyzing microfibers using artificial neural networks, comparing the amounts of microfibers generated in the manufacturing, wearing, and washing processes of clothing. The proportion of microfiber emitted during the manufacturing process was the largest (49%), followed by that emitted during the washing (28%) and wearing (23%) processes. This suggests that minimizing the amount of microfiber emitted during the manufacturing process is key to solving microfiber issues in the fashion industry. Additionally, during the wearing process, the amount of waterborne microfiber detected in washing was slightly larger than the amount of airborne microfiber. In the washing process, the washing temperature did not significantly affect microfiber emissions. However, when reducing the amount of water used or increasing the number of washings, microfiber emissions increased noticeably due to the greater friction applied to clothes. A common result of all experiments was that the largest proportion of microfibers was released during the first five washing cycles. Therefore, before wearing new items, consumers can minimize microfiber release by pre-washing using a laundry bag that filters microfibers. Furthermore, the most effective way to minimize microfibers is to eliminate them from the manufacturing process before they are distributed to consumers.
Understanding beliefs related to physical activity in people living with axial Spondyloarthritis: a theory-informed qualitative study
Authors: Rausch Osthoff Anne-Kathrin , Nast Irina , Niedermann Karin
Published: July 2022

Background

People living with axial Spondyloarthrtis (axSpA) have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, which can be reduced by regular physical activity (PA) and its subset of cardiorespiratory training (CRT). To fulfil their crucial role in PA promotion, physiotherapists and other health professionals need to understand the beliefs that people living with axSpA possess concerning general PA and CRT. The aim of this study is to explore these behavioural, normative and control beliefs.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive design approach was chosen. Five semi-structured focus group interviews with 24 individuals living with axSpA were performed. Data was analysed using structured thematic qualitative content analysis.

Results

People with axSpA possessed multifaceted behavioural, normative and control beliefs concerning general PA and CRT. Behavioural beliefs revealed a positive attitude towards general PA, with participants mentioning numerous physical, psychological, and social benefits and only few risks. However, the conceptual difference between general PA and CRT, and the relevance of CRT, was unclear to some participants. Normative beliefs were expressed as the beliefs of significant others that influenced their motivation to comply with such beliefs, e.g. spouses, other people living with axSpA, rheumatologists. Regarding control beliefs, general PA and CRT were both mentioned as effective self-management strategies to control the disease. From experience, a high level of self-discipline, as well as technology, were shown to be useful.

Conclusions

General PA is understood to be an important self-management strategy for people with axSpA and most participants build general PA into their daily routines. They believe that general PA beneficially impacts personal health and wellbeing. However, some participants are unaware of the difference between general PA and CRT and the important impact that this difference could have on their health. The consequences of CRT promotion for people living with axSpA should be the subject of further research.
The association of COVID-19 and catatonia in the ICU-recognition, management, and the role of electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Sharma Sucheta , Sarangi Ashish , Sachdeva Vishi , Rangineni Siddhanth
Published: July 2022

Background: Catatonia has been an established neuropsychiatric syndrome for decades. It has been reported to occur in approximately 10% of patients with acute psychiatric illness. There is not much current data depicting a definite association between COVID-19 and catatonia, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU) however further research is needed in this area. Although a variety of neuropsychiatric manifestations have been reported, COVID-19 has a limited association thus far with catatonia to our knowledge. With the increased prevalence of psychiatric illness during the pandemic, it is hypothesized that catatonia will also have increased rates moving forward. We aim to review the association between COVID-19 and catatonia in this article. 
Methods: A thorough literature review was conducted focusing on studies which demonstrated any association or non-association between COVID-19 and catatonia. It is our hypothesis that with an increased prevalence in mental health pathology there has been a simultaneous surge in cases of catatonia.
Conclusion: Catatonia can be a life-threatening syndrome which can complicate management of various psychiatric as well as medical conditions. Hence, it is critical to evaluate and address the association between catatonia and COVID-19 which continues to ravage communities and burden healthcare systems worldwide. Early recognition and interventions with life-saving procedures such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is necessary to mitigate long term impact.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis management in the burn intensive care unit: A case series
Authors: Rahesh Jasmin , Al-Sukhni Layan , Griswold John
Published: July 2022

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis comprise a spectrum of severe hypersensitivity skin reactions. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome is the least severe on the spectrum of mucosal erosions, with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis being the most severe. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis is a disease of keratinocytes and therefore any squamous cell epithelium is at risk. This includes the cornea, conjunctiva, oral mucosa, esophagus, urethra, and anal canal. This skin reaction is typically drug-induced and has a very poor prognosis.
We present four different Stevens-Johnson Syndrome patients who managed solely in the burn intensive care unit at our facility. The mainstay of treatment included supportive care with an emphasis on fluid and electrolyte replacement. Transfer of patients to the burn unit is not the current standard of care, however could decrease the mortality and morbidity of patients. As seen in our centers burn intensive care unit patients only had a mortality rate of 17% over 5 years. Management of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome in the burn intensive care unit with a comprehensive interdisciplinary wound care team rather than solely dermatological intervention may improve outcomes.
Predictive characteristics of prolonged symptoms and seroconversion in ambulatory patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Guntur Vamsi , Modena Brian , Onofrei Claudia , Liao Shu-Yi , Zelarney Pearlanne , Eddy Jared , Keith Rebecca , DeCosta Rachel , Petrache Irina , Goldstein Nir
Published: July 2022

Introduction: As an increasing number of patients present for ambulatory care following acute COVID-19, we set out to characterize and identify clinical predictors of prolonged symptoms and antibody seroconversion. We hypothesized that patients who present with a high symptom burden are more likely have prolonged post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Methods: All adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection evaluated at a single ambulatory center between April and September 2020 were studied retrospectively using a logit model and ANOVA; the importance of variables associated with prolonged symptoms and seroconversion was determined using machine learning methodology. Results: The most common initial symptoms of 276 subjects were fatigue, dyspnea, cough, fever, and myalgia, with ~30% experiencing all five. Those with prolonged sequelae (>4 weeks) reported higher initial symptom burden compared to those without PASC (mean 8.2 vs. 3.3 symptoms, p<0.0001). Anosmia (odds ratio, OR 23.0), myalgia (OR 12.8), and dyspnea (OR 10.8) had highest predictive values for prolonged sequelae. Neither lung function, nor pre-existing lung disease correlated with PASC pulmonary symptoms (p=0.17, p=0.5, respectively). Natural post-COVID-19 seroconversion rate was 78%, with male gender having higher and corticosteroid treatment and elevated creatinine having lower likelihood of seroconversion. Conclusion: Ambulatory PASC patients display a broad range of symptoms. A high initial symptom burden correlates with prolonged sequelae. In unvaccinated individuals, antibody seroconversion may be influenced by gender, corticosteroid use, and renal function.
When COVID-19 prophylaxis leads to hydroxychloroquine poisoning
Authors: Cohen Matthew , Miklovic Tyler , Lott Nathan
Published: July 2022

Hydroxychloroquine overdose was a relatively uncommon event prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, due to the massive increase in prescriptions, coupled with the search for possibly effective treatment COVID-19 infection, these overdoses have become more frequent.  The management of severe hydroxychloroquine overdose does not have any well-established protocols. This report highlights the clinical course and successful management of a life-threatening hydroxychloroquine overdose. An 80-year-old man was admitted to the ICU in shock after a potentially lethal ingestion of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 prophylaxis in a COVID-19 negative patient. Treatments included sodium bicarbonate infusion, high dose diazepam, norepinephrine and epinephrine, and continuous electrolyte repletion. After 5 days in the intensive care unit, the patient recovered and was discharged home. In conclusion, hydroxychloroquine overdose can result in life-threatening rapid decompensation requiring gastric decontamination, alkalization, high dose diazepam, hemodynamic support, and frequent electrolyte replacement.
Beware of a duplicate superior vena cava
Authors: Zhu Christina , Zeitouni Ferris , Warren Logan , Santos Ariel
Published: July 2022

A duplicate superior vena cava (SVC) with a persistent left SVC (PLSVC) is present in 0.3% of the population with an incidence as high as 10-11% in patients with congenital heart disease. While a PLSVC is rare and usually asymptomatic, clinicians should be aware of this anomaly during central line placement due to potential complications.  Our case involves a 76-year-old man with end-stage renal disease, on peritoneal dialysis (PD), who was admitted to our hospital for treatment of generalized peritonitis secondary to a descending colon perforation. He underwent left hemicolectomy and removal of an infected PD catheter. During preparation for discharge, he underwent hemodialysis catheter replacement. During the procedure, it was noted that the wire did not traverse the midline. A subsequent venogram with contrast showed a duplicate SVC draining into the coronary sinus. The catheter was inserted into the proximal left SVC and verified with fluoroscopy. One hour later, the patient went into atrial fibrillation and death ensued.  Persistent superior vena cava, if known or suspected, requires additional caution in central venous line placement to avoid potentially fatal complications, such as arrhythmias. Immediate removal and reassessment of an alternative access site should be pursued to avoid secondary complications.
Rural health workforce development - a qualitative study of themes related to provider shortages in West Texas
Authors: Flores Debra , Asher George  , House Morgan
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Healthcare administrators struggle to recruit healthcare providers for rural communities. Multiple hospital closures throughout the United States reflect a direct outcome of the healthcare professional shortages in rural communities. Medical facility administrators continue to scramble for ideas to recruit healthcare providers. This research was driven by the need to identify effective strategies to recruit healthcare providers to rural communities.
Methods: To address this gap in rural health care, four centers associated with the West Texas Area Health Education Center (AHEC) program office set out to host focus groups at regional symposiums over six months in the form of panel discussions. Each center recruited three panels consisting of hospital administrators, practicing healthcare providers, and healthcare provider students, including medical, nurse practitioner, and physician assistant students.
Results: The themes that emerged revolve around advantages, disadvantages, suggestions and requests, and overall strategies regarding recruitment and retention of rural providers. These findings included better pay and benefits for providers, small town lifestyles, limited preceptorships, and increased funding for medical education in rural areas.
Conclusion: Given the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, these findings support the public health significance of the need for effective recruitment strategies to address the shortage of rural providers in West Texas and beyond.
Effect of negative pressure wound therapy in exploratory laparotomies with coexisting ostomy
Authors: Avery Williams  , Shrestha Kripa , Cruz Alexis , Gilman Anastazia , Huynh Jonathan , Vaughan Justin , Santos Ariel
Published: July 2022

Background:
Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections. The use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has shown to decrease the overall rate of SSI, wound dehiscence, and length of hospital stay in surgical conditions. This study aims to determine the impact of NPWT applied on closed surgical incisions on patients with coexisting ostomy undergoing exploratory laparotomy.
 
Methods:
A retrospective study on patients who underwent exploratory laparotomies from 2017 to 2019 was conducted. NPWT was compared to standard post-operative surgical wound dressing. A sub-analysis of patients with ostomies was performed.
 
Results:
A total of 286 patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy were identified; 51 patients received NPWT and 235 received standard dressing. The NPWT group had a higher percentage of patients with an ostomy (37.3% vs 20.4%, P=.016), of which 25.5% were colostomies (vs 12.3%) and 11.8% were ileostomies (vs 8.1%) with P=.002. No significant difference in the overall rate of SSI (7.8% vs 5.5%, P= .517), wound dehiscence (7.8% vs 2.1 %, P=.057), and seroma formation (3.9% vs 2.1%, P=.612) were observed. The mean length of ICU stay (3.5 vs 7.0, P=.051) and unplanned reoperation (5.9% vs 16.6%, P=.051) were lower in the NPWT group compared to the control group. Sub analysis of patients with stoma found no significant difference in SSI.
 
Conclusions:
In our study, the use of NPWT on closed surgical incision wound was not associated with the reduction of SSI in patients with ostomies. Large studies are needed to ascertain significant benefits in patients with ostomies.
 
Keywords: negative pressure wound therapy, surgical site infection, ostomy, exploratory laparotomy
Frailty is an independent predictor of 90-day complications following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Choi Erin , Asher George  , Silvia Jakubski  , Mhd Hasan Almekdash  , Pranav Sharma
Published: July 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the association between the 11-item Modified Frailty Index (mFI) and 90-day post-operative complications in prostate cancer patients undergoing Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP). Methods: mFI was measured for 216 men who underwent RARP at a single institution. Mean ranks and proportions were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test of independence, and Fisher's exact test. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of 90-day post-operative complications after RARP. Results: Patients with higher pre-operative mFI (≥2) were more likely to be older in age (P= 0.047), have worse ECOG performance status (P=0.018), and worse ASA scores (P<0.01).  Intra-operative variables and pathological characteristics were similar between mFI groups. Multivariate logistic regression showed that mFI  ≥2 was a predictor of overall 90-day complications after surgery (OR=3.32, CI=1.16-9.54, P=0.026). Multivariate logistic regression also showed that mFI  ≥2 was a predictor of high-grade 90-day complications after surgery (OR=2.69, CI=1.24-5.85, P=0.012). Conclusion: Prostate cancer patients with higher pre-operative mFI scores were more likely to have a 90-day complication after RARP. mFI should be assessed pre-operatively for prostate cancer patients to determine the risk of post-operative morbidity and the best treatment plan.
Does the postoperative diagnosis correlate with the final pathologic diagnosis in cholecystectomy?
Authors: Ramirez Clarissa , Abdalla Ahmed , Karimi Alikhan , Rahesh Jasmin , Taylor Brianna , Ahmed Hassan , Nazim Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Physicians diagnose cholecystitis using a variety of clinical signs and imaging modalities. Diagnoses are routinely confirmed with the gold-standard histopathological examination of the excised gallbladder. This study examines the correlation between the postoperative clinical diagnosis and postoperative pathology report findings. The clinical diagnosis of acute cholecystitis had a sensitivity of 58.8%, specificity of 75.2%, positive predictive value of 53.1%, and negative predictive value of 79.2% when compared to the final pathologic diagnosis.  The clinical diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis agreed with the pathologic diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis in 45 of 54 cases (83.3%) but did not agree in 8 of 54 acute cases (14.8%); a clinical diagnosis of “symptomatic cholelithiasis” was associated with pathologic diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in 85 of 388 cases (21.9%).  There was a statistically significant relationship between the clinical diagnosis and final pathologic diagnosis (chi-squared > 32.91, p-value <0.001). One incidental case of malignant neoplasm was found in a patient with gallstones. Surgeons made an accurate clinical diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in one third to one half of their surgical cases; they made an accurate clinical diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis 80% of the time and correctly diagnosed neoplasms in 3 out of 4 cases.  These results suggest that the mismatch between the postoperative clinical diagnosis and postoperative pathology occurs frequently enough that pathologic assessment should occur routinely after cholecystectomy.
A rare case of mixed phenotype acute leukemia: acute myeloid leukemia to early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia transformation
Authors: Rahesh Jasmin , Siddiqui Arham , Tumula Praveen , Chandra Rahul
Published: July 2022

Mixed phenotypic acute leukemia (MPAL) comprises of both lymphoid and myeloid markers or blasts in a single population. Diagnostic criteria hinges on classifications provided by identifying these lineages based on cytogenetic markers taken throughout the disease course.  We describe an interesting presentation of a patient who had first presented with Acute Myeloid leukemia (AML) but 8 weeks later transformed into Early precursor T cell ALL (ETP-ALL).  Cytogenetics were taken throughout the course of the cancer and confirmed the presence of a CD34 precursor cell marker. This transformation and cytogenic markers indicated a pluripotent progenitor cell origin confirming the diagnosis of MAPL. This case highlights a pluripotent progenitor origin with initial presentation as AML (myeloid clone) and later as ALL after initial partial response to AML therapy due to clonal evolution.
Subjective perception of anxiety as PSYCHOSOCIAL effect of COVID-19
Authors: Robak Magdalena , Jurkiewicz Beata
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Every day, people are more or less anxious, but during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, this anxiety can be greatly exacerbated.

The aim of this study was to analyze the subjective feelings of anxiety associated with being in quarantine due to infection or suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Material and methods: The study included 138 people from different backgrounds. It was conducted using a survey (Google Form) consisting of fifteen questions. Results were compiled using chi2, Kendall's tau-b, one-way ANOVA analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc tests.

Results: The level of experienced anxiety during the quarantine by the subjects was found to be statistically significantly higher compared to its level before and after the quarantine period (p=0.002). An increase in somatic symptoms was also observed during isolation (29.0%). Statistical analysis, however, confirmed the relationship between the sex of the subjects and the level of anxiety during and after quarantine (p<0.05) - women experienced anxiety slightly more strongly. In addition, younger people experienced higher levels of anxiety before quarantine than older people (p=0.001). The study also showed that some subjects felt the need to take sedatives (29.0%) and/or seek psychological/psychotherapeutic help (38.4%) during or after quarantine.

Conclusions: Being in forced isolation has an impact on the severity of anxiety and the maintenance of high anxiety levels even after quarantine is over. These results show the importance of monitoring mental health during (and in relation to) a pandemic.
Cardiac manifestations of sarcoidosis
Authors: Gorajek Anna , Kudan Małgorzata , Mikut Karolina
Published: July 2022

Introduction and purpose: Sarcoidosis is a chronic, multi-system inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. Due to the varied clinical picture of patients, the diagnosis of the disease is complicated, especially when the heart is affected.The aim of this article is to review the available diagnostic tools used for the diagnosis, evaluation and monitoring of patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis.

Description of the state of knowledge: Sarcoidosis may affect any organ, but in particular lungs, skin, lymph nodes, eyes, liver and spleen. The most common manifestations are persistent cough, skin changes, visual disturbances, peripheral lymphadenopathy, fatigue and incidental abnormal chest radiograph. Cardiac sarcoidosis, occurring in about 5% of patients, is clinically significant with a wide range of symptoms including conduction abnormalities, ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure and sudden death. The diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis is challenging and often requires a combined approach using clinical data and advanced imaging. Invasive and non-invasive diagnostic tests are helpful in assessing the severity of heart involvement, with non-invasive tests becoming increasingly important, due to low sensitivity (30%) and high complication rate of endomyocardial biopsy for the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis.

Summary: Sarcoidosis significantly increases the mortality of patients and furthermore causes impaired quality of life and disability. Attempts to accurately assess the development of disease provide a more comprehensive and personalized care for patients. Especially cardiac sarcoidosis, as a potentially life-threatening localization, requires early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Non-invasive diagnostic methods for fatal familial insomnia
Authors: Mikos Eryk , Moqbil Sara , Dmochowska Joanna , Wasyluk Martyna , Góralczyk Wanesa
Published: July 2022

Fatal familial insomia (FFI) is a dominant autosomal genetic prion disease characterised by progressive sleep impairment, autonomic nervous system disorders and motor symptoms associated with significant loss of nerve cells in the medial thalamic nuclei.

Making a diagnosis of FFI requires the presence of a certain or probable recognised first-degree relative of the patient, together with neuropsychiatric disorders present. In turn, the detection of the PrP mutation allows the diagnosis to be definitively established. In addition, three other tests - polysomnography, brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid examination - can be helpful.

Fatal familial insomnia is not a fully understood disease. Diagnosis is based on the presence of symptoms of the disease. An important step in diagnosis will be the development of non-invasive diagnostic tests that are reliable in the early and presymptomatic stages of the disease. Polysomnography, imaging studies (PET, SPECT) and cerebrospinal fluid examination should be improved and widely accepted.
Causes of hoarseness - systematic review
Authors: Wijata Aleksandra , Osiak Joanna , Mikut Karolina , Winiarek Karolina , Guzowski Cezary , Murawska Joanna , Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia
Published: July 2022

Introduction and purpose of the work: Hoarseness is a symptom of a disease characterized by a hoarse, tense or hoarse voice resulting from disturbance of the vibration of the vocal folds. It is a common symptom of the disease in patients during medical consultations in primary health care, and the causes of its occurrence can be varied.

State of knowledge (brief description): Treating hoarseness depends on what causes it. For this reason, during the diagnosis, various causes that may be the cause of hoarseness should be taken into account, such as infections, structural changes caused by the use of the voice organ, psychogenic causes, autoimmune diseases, systemic diseases or neoplastic diseases.

Summary: In-depth diagnosis and an interdisciplinary approach are necessary to identify the cause of chronic hoarseness and initiate effective treatment.
Physical activity and sitting time in adults after positive diagnosis for COVID-19: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ramos Ana Beatriz Minelli , Gomide Euripedes Barsanulfo Gonçalves , Alves Thiago Cândido , Miguel Natália Drieli , Trapé Átila Alexandre , Sebastião Emerson , Santos André Pereira dos
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to: a) investigate the most common signs and symptoms reported by people infected by the COVID-19, b) compare total time and weekly level of physical activity of people between pre- and post-infection period, and c) examine the association between physical activity levels and signs and symptoms reported during the disease cycle. Twenty-two adult people (14 males and 8 females, mean age 37.9 ± 16.8 years) living in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil participated in this study. Participants received a positive diagnosis for COVID-19 by PCR. Physical activity and sitting time was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Variables such as body mass index and the clinical condition of the disease (signs and symptoms) were collected. The most frequent signs and symptoms reported by active and inactive individuals, respectively, were loss of taste (77.8% and 25%), headache (66.7% and 25%), coughing (66.7% and 25%), difficulty breathing (61.1% and 25%), and sore throat (61.1% and 75%). A 120-minute reduction (p = 0.010) in the total time of weekly physical activity and a 155 minute reduction (p = 0.003) of weekly moderate physical activity was observed in the pre- and post-diagnostic COVID-19 infection comparison. There was further an association between difficulty breathing and being physically inactive (odds ratio = 0.222; 95%CI: 0.094 – 0.527). Our findings suggest that COVID-19 had a negative impact on physical activity and that being physically active may reduce the likelihood of presenting with difficulty breathing if infected with the SARS-CoV-2 and associated disease COVID-19.
DOCUMENTANDO A SUPERDIVERSIDADE – O CONTRIBUTO DA DIALECTOLOGIA E INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM ATLAS LINGUÍSTICO DE MOÇAMBIQUE
Authors: Henriksen Sarita Monjane
Published: July 2022

Num mundo cada vez mais globalizado e caracterizado por uma grande mobilidade e movimentos populacionais, observa-se, como consequências inevitáveis, a formação de sociedades marcadas por uma crescente diversidade linguístico-cultural, ou por aquilo que Vertovec (2007) chama de  superdiversidade. A existência de sociedades plurais apresenta desafios de vária ordem para as sociedades, em geral, e para os sistemas escolares, em particular. Neste âmbito, urge, portanto, recorrer a uma abordagem interdisciplinar, que exige um papel mais pró-activo das disciplinas de Sociolinguística, Dialectologia, assim como da Planificação e Política Linguística. Este artigo defende a necessidade de revisitar as teorias e métodos sociolinguísticos, da dialectologia e da geolinguística, de forma a melhor compreender a paisagem linguística moçambicana em constante mudança, no Século XXI, permitindo, dessa forma, identificar com maior precisão as variedades linguísticas presentes no território moçambicano, a variação resultante da coabitação e do contacto linguístico e construir um atlas linguístico actualizado de Moçambique. O principal argumento apresentado é que o recurso a inquéritos dialectológicos, o uso de métodos básicos de recolha de dados, que incluem os dados demográficos dos informantes, a idade, nível de escolarização e ocupação, assim como o período de residência numa determinada área e padrões de deslocação ou mudança de residência, bem como o recurso a uma abordagem de observação mais naturalística, com um enfoque mais descritivo sobre as comunidades de prática e redes sociais são fundamentais para permitir a construção de um mapa linguístico e dialectológico de Moçambique, que apresenta claramente a distribuição de variedades linguísticas existentes ou emergentes, os sotaques, os dialectos sociais e regionais, desta forma descrevendo a relação intrínseca entre a sociedade e o uso da língua.
Ergenlerde Okulda Öznel İyi Oluşun Yordayıcıları: Duygu Düzenleme, Başa Çıkma ve Bilişsel Esneklik
Authors: SAĞAR Mehmet Enes
Published: July 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, duygu düzenleme, başa çıkma ve bilişsel esneklik değişkenlerinin ergenlerin okulda öznel iyi oluş düzeylerini ne kadar yordadığının incelenmesidir. Bu amaç kapsamında araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeline dayalı yürütülmüştür. Araştırma grubu 184 (%47.3) erkek ve 205 (%52.7) kız olmak üzere toplam 389 ergenden oluşmuştur. Araştırma grubunda yer alan ergenlerin yaş ortalaması 15.70’tir. Veri toplama araçları olarak Ergenler İçin Kısa Okulda Öznel İyi Oluş Ölçeği, Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği, Ergenler İçin Başa Çıkma Ölçeği, Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler hiyerarşik regresyon analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmadan duygu düzenleme, başa çıkma ve bilişsel esneklik değişkenlerinin okulda öznel iyi oluşu anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada okulda öznel iyi oluşun %43’ünü (R2 = .432, düzenlenmiş R2 = .429; p < .01; F2/386 = 146.51, p < .01) duygu düzenleme, %15’ini (R2 = .587, düzenlenmiş R2 = .582; p < .01; F5/383 = 108.90, p < .01) başa çıkma %2’sini (R2 = .600, düzenlenmiş R2 = .594; p < .01; F6/382 = 161.83, p < .01) bilişsel esneklik değişkenlerinin açıkladığı bulunmuştur.
Öğretmenlerin Dijital Yeterliklerinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi ve Dijital Yeterlik Gereksinimleri
Authors: FİDAN Mustafa , CURA YELEĞEN Hatice
Published: July 2022

Bu araştırmada öğretmenlerin dijital yeterliklerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi ve söz konusu yeterliklere yönelik bireysel gereksinimlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada karma araştırma yöntemlerinden yakınsayan paralel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutunda ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Dijital yeterliklere yönelik bireysel gereksinimlerin belirlenmesi için ayrıca öğretmen görüşleri de alınmıştır. Araştırmaya Batı Karadeniz’de yer alan bir ilde bulunan devlet okullarında görev yapan 158 öğretmen katılmıştır. Araştırma verileri Eğitimciler için Dijital Yeterlikler Ölçeği ve Eğitimcilerin Dijital Yeterliklerine İlişkin Bireysel Gereksinim Formu ile toplanmıştır. Elde edilen nicel veriler bağımsız örneklemler t Testi ve tek yönlü ANOVA Testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Nitel verilerin çözümlenmesinde ise betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmenlerin dijital yeterlik düzeylerine yönelik cinsiyet, kıdem, branş, internet kullanım süresi ve Web 2.0 araçlarını kullanım değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuş, eğitim durumları değişkeni açısından ise anlamlı farklılığın olmadığı görülmüştür. Araştırmanın nitel boyutunda ise öğretmenler dijital gereksinimlerine ilişkin en fazla uygulama ve pratik eksikliğine yönelik görüş bildirmişler, yazılım ve programların kullanımı açısından yetersiz olduklarını da ifade etmişlerdir. Araştırmada ayrıca eğitsel çıkarımlara ve gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara ilişkin önerilere yer verilmiştir.
Ortaöğretim Kurumlarında Görev Yapan Öğretmenlerin Eğitim Bilişim Ağına İlişkin Görüşlerinin ve Kullanım Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KALEMKUŞ Fatih , ÇELİK Levent
Published: July 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaöğretim kurumlarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin Eğitim Bilişim Ağına (EBA) ilişkin görüşlerini ve kullanım düzeylerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, tarama modeli kullanılarak altı okulda görev yapan 195 ortaöğretim öğretmeninin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri, Öğretmenlerin EBA’ya Katılım Düzeyi ve EBA Hakkındaki Görüşleri Anketi kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına genel olarak bakıldığında öğretmenlerin EBA’ya ilişkin görüşlerinin olumsuz olmasa da üst düzeyde olumlu olduğu da söylenememektedir. Çünkü öğretmenler EBA’ya ilişkin öğrenmeyi destekleme, derslerin öğretim programına uygunluk ve farklı öğrenme stillerine sahip öğrencilere hitap etme bakımından olumlu görüşe sahipken dersleri için EBA içerikleri, okul internet altyapısı ve öğretmede karşılaşılabilecek güçlükleri telafi etme bakımından olumsuz görüşe sahiptirler. Ayrıca EBA’yı kullanırken öğretmenler öğrencileri araştırmaya yönlendirme, derslerde video, animasyon, simülasyon ve diğer görsellerden yararlanma imkânlarını yüksek düzeyde kullanırken EBA’daki sorulardan yararlanma, EBA’da içerik ve kaynak paylaşma imkânlarını düşük düzeyde kullanmaktadırlar. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda EBA içerikleri zenginleştirilmeli, okulların internet altyapısı iyileştirilmeli ve öğretmenlerin EBA kullanımları teşvik edilmelidir.
Learning-based Fractional Order PID Controller for Load Frequency Control of Distributed Energy Resources Including PV and Wind Turbine Generator
Authors: Babaei Mohsen , Hadian Mohsen
Published: July 2022

Due to the ever-increasing penetration of renewable resources, Frequency control of microgrids has recently been received special consideration from researchers. The continual supply of load consumption is the major issue of standalone microgrids due to the high penetration of renewable resources. Furthermore, microgrids suffer from low inertia against load changes due to their small size and unpredictable load interruption. In addition to the above-mentioned issues, the uncertain and intermittent behaviors of renewable resources cause problems to keep the balance between load and generation sides. Hence, it is very important to consider novel control methods for keeping balance and consequently control of frequency deviation. In this research, a novel learning-based fractional-order controller is proposed to control the frequency of microgrids including micro-turbines, photovoltaic panels, and wind turbines in order to increase system stability and reduce frequency fluctuation time. The efficiency of this controller has been compared with conventional methods in the simulation and result section.
Assigning Infographics to Teach Digital Storytelling
Authors: Chambers Jason P.
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Advertising in the Classroom articles provide ideas on how to incorporate new assignments into a media literacy or advertising course. This article presents an interview with Professor Jason Chambers about a classroom assignment that he designed to teach students how to tell stories digitally through the creation of engaging, visual infographics based on historical research about classic advertising campaigns. Chambers describes the origins of his assignment, how he helps students conduct historical research, what advice he gives students on how to plan and construct their infographics, and how students have reacted to developing an infographic. The article provides a detailed breakdown of the assignment, including sample rubrics and exemplary student work.
Diversity and Multicultural Issues in Advertising: A Literature Review and New Research Directions
Authors: Chu Shu-Chuan
Published: July 2022

Abstract: With the increasing diversity of the population in the US and around the world, research on multicultural issues in advertising needs to be updated. A review of research articles published in advertising journals from 2011 to 2020 suggests that only 8.03% used diversity and multicultural variables in their conceptualization. Based on an overview of the recent scholarship, six key topic areas are identified in this paper: (1) gender roles and minority women in advertising, (2) racial representation and advertising effectiveness, (3) marginalized group-targeted advertising, (4) media behavior among multicultural consumers, (5) advertising education and industry diversity, and (6) LGBTQ consumers. These key topic areas along with theoretical and methodological observations from the literature help identify knowledge gaps in the field. Through the lens of the changing society and new technological advances in advertising, this article presents five directions for future research: (1) marginalized consumers’ response to brand activism, (2) targeting marginalized consumers through artificial intelligence (AI) and computational advertising, (3) diverse and ethnic influencers in social media, (4) multicultural research that is inclusive, and (5) the responsibilities of brands, advertising agencies, and scholars to consumers and society.
White Claw and Gender Neutrality: What Hard Seltzers Reveal about Alcohol Advertising’s Long Journey toward Gender Inclusion
Authors: Contois Emily J. H.
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Industry leaders characterize the recent rise of hard seltzers such as White Claw as one of the most significant changes in the alcohol market since the launch of light beer in the 1970s, in part because of its perception as a “gender neutral” beverage. Drawing from product websites, advertising, packaging design, and journalistic coverage, this article investigates how and why hard seltzers have been perceived as gendered in shifting, but enduringly binary, ways. Hard seltzer tells an instructive story about the contemporary practice and culture of American advertising, especially with regard to gender equity and inclusion.
Advertising in Popular Culture: Stealth Marketing in The Joneses
Authors: Einstein Mara , Lindsey-Warren Tyrha M. , Pearl Sharrona , Serazio Michael , Timke Edward
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Advertising in Popular Culture articles provide an in-depth discussion of how a text, such as a television show, film, or short story, represents and reflects on advertising’s place in society and culture. In this article, a group of scholars talk about the 2009 movie The Joneses , the tale of a family of four manufactured by a marketing company to sell products to the unwitting populace of an upper-class suburban neighborhood. The undercover salespeople calling themselves the Joneses move into a luxury home with all the trappings, pretend to be husband, wife, son, and daughter, and proceed to model, showcase, and push items like cars, designer dresses, golf clubs, furniture, cosmetics, and food and beverages. They are paid actors monitored closely for their sales numbers by the company who provides them with free items from clients that produce these consumable goods. Tension builds when most of the Joneses realize they aren’t being their authentic selves and nearly blow their cover. Another plot point exposes the unfairness of the ploy as the Joneses’ neighbor, Larry, goes into crippling debt trying to “keep up” with them.
Collectible Consuming: Early Twentieth-Century German Poster Stamps
Authors: Huener Rachael
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Between the turn of the last century and World War I, poster stamps ( Reklamemarken , advertising “cinderellas”) emerged as a powerful new advertising medium in Europe, particularly in Germany. Encouraged by the quality and affordability of chromolithography and the popularity of poster art and other increasingly visual forms of advertising, this hybrid of letter seals, advertising cards, and miniaturized posters developed quickly into an advertising medium in its own right with its own characteristic verbal-visual rhetoric. This article describes first the emergence of the German poster stamp in its historical and aesthetic context as both advertising and popular collectible. It then explores the semiotics of individual poster stamps and poster stamp series. Finally, it analyzes ways in which individual stamps and stamp series mapped consumerism upon contemporary social questions such as the “servant question” (the decline in the number of domestic servants), and the ongoing consolidation of a German national identity, particularly through the use of iconic monuments.