bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of a monoclonal antibody that targets PD-1 in a manner requiring PD-1 Asn58 glycosylation
Authors: Wang Mingzhu , Wang Junchao , Wang Rongjuan , Jiao Shasha , Wang Shuang , Zhang Jinchao , Zhang Min
Published: October 2019

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is inhibitory receptor and immune checkpoint protein. Blocking the interaction of PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1/ L2 is able to active T-cell-mediated antitumor response. Monoclonal antibody-based drugs targeting PD-1 pathway have exhibited great promise in cancer therapy. Here we show that MW11-h317, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, displays high affinity for PD-1 and blocks PD-1 interactions with PD-L1/L2. MW11-h317 can effectively induce T-cell-mediated immune response and inhibit tumor growth in mouse model. Crystal structure of PD-1/MW11-h317 Fab complex reveals that both the loops and glycosylation of PD-1 are involved in recognition and binding, in which Asn58 glycosylation plays a critical role. The unique glycan epitope in PD-1 to MW11-h317 is different from the first two approved clinical PD-1 antibodies, nivolumab and pembrolizumab. These results suggest MW11-h317 as a therapeutic monoclonal antibody of PD-1 glycosylation-targeting which may become efficient alternative for cancer therapy.
Preferentially oriented large antimony trisulfide single-crystalline cuboids grown on polycrystalline titania film for solar cells
Authors: Chen Junwei , Qi Juanjuan , Liu Rong , Zhu Xiaoguang , Wan Zhiyang , Zhao Qiuyuan , Tao Shanwen , Dong Chao , Ashebir Getinet Y. , Chen Wangwei , Peng Ruixiang , Zhang Fapei , Yang Shangfeng , Tian Xingyou , Wang Mingtai
Published: October 2019

Photovoltaic conversion of solar energy into electricity is an alternative way to use renewable energy for sustainable energy production. The great demand of low-cost and efficient solar cells inspires research on solution-processable light-harvesting materials. Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is a promising light-harvester for photovoltaic purposes. Here we report on the in situ grown monolayer of preferentially oriented, large Sb2S3 single-crystalline cuboids on a polycrystalline titania (TiO2) nanoparticle film. A facile, oriented seed-assisted solution-processing method is used, providing the Sb2S3/TiO2-based bulk/nano-planar heterojunction with a preferred structure for efficient planar solar cells. An orientation-competing-epitaxial nucleation/growth mechanism is proposed for understanding the growth of the Sb2S3 single-crystalline cuboids. With an organic hole transporting material, the stable solar cell of the heterojunction yields a power conversion efficiency of 5.15% (certified as 5.12%). It is found that the [221]-oriented Sb2S3 cuboids provide highly effective charge transport channels inside the Sb2S3 layer.
Visible-light-induced intramolecular sp3 C–H oxidation of 2-alkyl-substituted benzamides for the synthesis of functionalized iminoisobenzofurans
Authors: Wu Lingang , Hao Yanan , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin
Published: October 2019

We have developed a protocol for the synthesis of functionalized iminoisobenzofurans by means of visible-light-induced intramolecular cyclization reactions of 2-alkyl-substituted benzamides.
A bifunctional 3D Tb-based metal–organic framework for sensing and removal of antibiotics in aqueous medium
Authors: Zhang Jie , Gao Lingling , Wang Yang , Zhai Lijun , Niu Xiaoyan , Hu Tuoping
Published: October 2019

A bifunctional Tb-MOF shows excellent ability for the detection and removal of antibiotics in water systems at the same time.
Synthesis, structure, and photoluminescence properties of coordination polymers of 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-tetrakiscarboxyphenylsilane and 3,5-bis(1′,2′,4′-triazol-1′-yl)pyridine
Authors: Sun Jing , Zhou Tao , Pan Dalong , Zhang Xinzhu , Wang Yuying , Shi Yao-Cheng , Yu Huaguang
Published: October 2019

Three coordination polymers based on 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-tetrakiscarboxyphenylsilane and 3,5-bis(1′,2′,4′-triazol-1′-yl)pyridine ligands were synthesized. Luminescence studies revealed that [Cd3(Htcps)2(btap)(H2O)6] exhibits a luminescence quenching response towards Fe3+ and Cu2+.
Selective conformational control by excitation of NH imino vibrational antennas
Authors: Góbi Sándor , Reva Igor , Csonka István Pál , M. Nunes Cláudio , Tarczay György , Fausto Rui
Published: October 2019

We provide experimental evidence for the occurrence of selective and reversible conformational control over the SH group by vibrational excitation of remote NH groups. Using an imino group that acts as a molecular antenna has no precedents.
Insight into the mechanism of CO-release from trypto-CORM using ultra-fast spectroscopy and computational chemistry
Authors: Aucott Benjamin J. , Eastwood Jonathan B. , Anders Hammarback L. , Clark Ian P. , Sazanovich Igor V. , Towrie Michael , Fairlamb Ian J. S. , Lynam Jason M.
Published: October 2019

Photolysis of trypto-CORM results in ultra-fast CO-dissociation and formation of a 16-e triplet followed by solvation.
Nickel complexes of ligands derived from (o-hydroxyphenyl) dichalcogenide: delocalised redox states of nickel ando-chalcogenophenolate ligands
Authors: Banerjee Sridhar , Sheet Debobrata , Sarkar Subhash , Halder Partha , Paine Tapan Kanti
Published: October 2019

The monoanionic square planarS= 1/2 nickel complexes of dianionico-chalcogenophenolate ligands display delocalised redox states of the metal ion and ligands.
Syntheses and structures of benzo-bis(1,3,2-diazaboroles) and acenaphtho-1,3,2-diazaboroles
Authors: Weber Lothar , Eickhoff Daniel , Chrostowska Anna , Dargelos Alain , Darrigan Clovis , Stammler Hans-Georg , Neumann Beate
Published: October 2019

1,3,2-Diazaboroles 4 and 7 with extended π-electron systems were synthesised and characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction and quantum-chemical calculations.
Dual-emission fluorescent silicon nanoparticle-based nanothermometer for ratiometric detection of intracellular temperature in living cells
Authors: Wang Jinhua , Jiang Airui , Wang Jingyang , Song Bin , He Yao
Published: October 2019

We present a dual-emission fluorescent nanothermometer, which is made of europium-doped silicon nanoparticles, allowing the detection of intracellular temperature.
Determination of Mg isotope ratios without column chromatography for carbonates using sulphuric acid and MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Bao Zhian , Zong Chunlei , Huang Kangjun , Chen Kaiyun , Lv Nan , Yuan Honglin
Published: October 2019

This study presents a practical method for high-precision Mg isotope determination without column chromatography for carbonate samples using sulphuric acid and MC-ICP-MS.
Spatially-resolved localization and chemical speciation of nickel and zinc inNoccaea tymphaeaandBornmuellera emarginata
Authors: van der Ent Antony , Spiers Kathryn M. , Brueckner Dennis , Echevarria Guillaume , Aarts Mark G. M. , Montargès-Pelletier Emmanuelle
Published: October 2019

Hyperaccumulator plants present the ideal model system for studying the physiological regulation of the essential (and potentially toxic) transition elements nickel and zinc.
Derivative matrix-isopotential synchronous spectrofluorimetry: a solution for the direct determination of urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid
Authors: Ajmal Muhammad , Shindi Ali Abbas Falih , Liu Yi-Hong , Zhao Yan , Wu Ping-Ping , Wei Jia-Wen , Ghorai Shyamal Kr , Cao Shuo Hui , Li Yao-Qun
Published: October 2019

The excitation and emission spectra formulated 3D contours, from which isopotential trajectory was selected for the direct detection of urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid, using derivative matrix isopotential synchronous fluorescence spectrometry.
Bone formation promoted by bone morphogenetic protein-2 plasmid-loaded porous silica nanoparticles with the involvement of autophagy
Authors: Xu Xiaowei , Sun Maolei , Wang Dandan , Bu Wenhuan , Wang Zilin , Shen Yuqin , Zhang Kai , Zhou Ding , Yang Bai , Sun Hongchen
Published: October 2019

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 plasmid was encapsulated by polyethylenimine-modified porous silica nanoparticles, which promoted osteogenic differentiation and increased calcium deposition with the involvement of autophagy.
Recent progress in pyrolyzed carbon materials as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Ouyang Chen , Wang Xun
Published: October 2019

This review reports some recent advances in pyrolytic carbon as an ORR catalyst and explores its structure–activity relationship.
Understanding the roles of amorphous domains and oxygen-containing groups of nitrogen-doped carbon in oxygen reduction catalysis: toward superior activity
Authors: Biemolt Jasper , Rothenberg Gadi , Yan Ning
Published: October 2019

The secret to high ORR activity lies in tuning the oxygen functionalities and the amount of graphiticvs.amorphous domains in nitrogen-doped carbons.
A novel core–double shell heterostructure derived from a metal–organic framework for efficient HER, OER and ORR electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Jing , Li Guangshe , Wang Jianghao , Xue Chenglin , Li Xiangshuai , Wang Shuo , Han Bingqi , Yang Min , Li Liping
Published: October 2019

A core–double shell heterostructure Co9S8@Co9S8@MoS2-0.5 with multiple interfaces and a tunable electronic structure was constructed as an efficient tri-functional electrocatalyst.
Narrow-band green emission of Eu2+ in a rigid tunnel structure: site occupations, barycenter energy calculations and luminescence properties
Authors: Wang Lili , Kong Xiaoying , Li Peng , Ran Weiguang , Lan Xuefang , Chen Qian , Shi Jinsheng
Published: October 2019

As a new member of an oxide-based family with a UCr4C4-related type structure, CsKNaLi(Li3SiO4)4:Eu2+ was synthesized successfully for the first time and its rigid tunnel structure leads to narrow-band green emission, which can be used for white light generation.
Scalable construction of heteroatom-doped and hierarchical core–shell MnO2 nanoflakes on mesoporous carbon for high performance supercapacitor devices
Authors: Bai Xue , Cao Dianxue , Zhang Hongyu
Published: October 2019

Combining interfacial methods and mesoporous carbon channels, an asymmetric device, using N,S-codoped mesoporous carbon and a MnO2@MC-30 core shell composite, is assembled with high energy, power densities and outstanding cycling stability.
A highly efficient Hg(OTf)2-mediated Sakurai–Hosomi allylation of N-tert-butyloxycarbonylamino sulfones, aldehydes, fluoroalkyl ketones and α,β-unsaturated enones using allyltrimethylsilane
Authors: Gong Yi , Cao Zhong-Yan , Shi Ying-Bo , Zhou Feng , Zhou Ying , Zhou Jian
Published: October 2019

The cheap and easily available Hg(OTf)2 can efficiently mediate the Sakurai–Hosomi reaction of N-Boc amino sulfones, aldehydes, α-fluoroalkyl ketones and α,β-unsaturated enones using allyltrimethylsilane with the catalyst loading down to 0.5–5.0 mol%.
Visible-light-promoted hydroxysulfonylation of alkylidenecyclopropanes: synthesis of cyclopropane-containing β-hydroxysulfones
Authors: Liu Chuang , Yang Yan-Jie , Dong Jun-Ying , Zhou Ming-Dong , Li Lei , Wang He
Published: October 2019

Cyclopropane-containing β-hydroxysulfones and cyclopropyl styrenes have been synthesised from readily available ACPs and sulfuryl chloride via visible-light photoredox catalysis.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel, pH-responsive, bola-based dynamic crosslinked fracturing fluid
Authors: Du Juan , Xiang Kun , Zhao Liqiang , Lan Xitang , Liu Pingli , Liu Yue
Published: October 2019

Fracturing fluids are important media for hydraulic fracturing.
Normal vibrations of ternary DOPC/DPPC/cholesterol lipid bilayers by low-frequency Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Leonov Dmitry V. , Dzuba Sergei A. , Surovtsev Nikolay V.
Published: October 2019

Upon lipid raft formation, the Raman peak corresponding to monolayer normal mechanical vibrations drops remarkably in position and width.
Prediction of pressure-induced phase transformations in Mg3As2
Authors: Yang Kang , Shi Jingming , Ding Shicong , Su Ruiming , Cui Wenwen , Xu Meiling , Hao Jian , Li Yinwei
Published: October 2019

We have performed an extensive structural study on cubic Mg3As2in a pressure range of 0–100 GPa by using a combination of structure predictions and first-principle calculations.
Nuclear size changes caused by local motion of cell boundaries unfold the nuclear lamina and dilate chromatin and intranuclear bodies
Authors: Katiyar Aditya , Tocco V. J. , Li Yuan , Aggarwal Varun , Tamashunas Andrew C. , Dickinson Richard B. , Lele Tanmay P.
Published: October 2019

Nuclear size changes caused by motion of cell boundaries during cell migration alters intranuclear structures.
Liquid metal droplet solves maze
Authors: Adamatzky Andrew , Chiolerio Alessandro , Szaciłowski Konrad
Published: October 2019

A room temperature liquid metal droplet solves mazes by tracing the path of least resistance.
Activated basal planes of WS2 by intrinsic defects as catalysts for the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Yao Xue , Chen Zhiwen , Wang Yaru , Lang Xingyou , Gao Wang , Zhu Yongfu , Jiang Qing
Published: October 2019

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction on activated basal plane of WS2 with a low potential of −0.24 V.
A semiconducting organic–inorganic hybrid ([BrCH2CH2N(CH3)3]2+[CuBr4]2−) with switchable dielectric properties derived from an unusual piston-like displacive movement
Authors: Sui Yan , Zhong Ye-Shun , Wang Jing-Jing , Xia Qin , Wang Liang-Jun , Liu Dong-Sheng
Published: October 2019

A semiconducting organic–inorganic hybrid, ([BrCH2CH2N(CH3)3]2+[CuBr4]2−), with switchable dielectric properties derived from an unusual piston-like displacive movement of its Cu atom is demonstrated.
Circularly pulse‐shaped orthogonal time frequency space modulation
Authors: Tiwari S. , Das S.S.
Published: October 2019

Orthogonal time‐frequency space (OTFS) modulation is a recently proposed waveform for efficient data transfer in high‐speed vehicular scenario. Use of rectangular pulse shape in OTFS results in high out of band (OoB) radiation, which is undesirable for multi‐user scenarios. In this work, the authors present a circular pulse shaped framework for OTFS for reducing the OoB. The authors also design a low complexity transmitter for such a system. They argue in favour of orthogonal transmission for low complexity transceiver structure. The authors establish that frequency‐localised circulant Dirichlet pulse is one of the possible pulses having this desirable unitary property, which can reduce OoB radiation significantly (by around 50 dB) without any loss in BER. They also show that the proposed pulse‐shaped OTFS has a lower peak to average power ratio than conventional OTFS system.
Transmitting extra bits by rotating signal constellations
Authors: Sun Jiachen , Liu Hao , Ma Xiao
Published: October 2019

In this Letter, the authors propose a novel low‐density parity‐check (LDPC) coding scheme to transmit extra bits aided by rotated signal constellations without any additional cost in transmission power or bandwidth. In the proposed scheme, the LDPC coded data are modulated by a rotated two‐dimensional signal constellation, in which the rotation angle is specified by the given extra bits. At the receiver, the rotation angle is estimated with the aid of the statistical learning of the syndrome of the LDPC code. After recovering the rotation angle, the coded payload data can be decoded by the LDPC decoder. The simulation results show that, for an LDPC code of length 2304, up to four extra bits can be transmitted with negligible influence on the reliability of the LDPC coded data.
Third‐order complex delta‐sigma modulator with arbitrary poles and zeros placement
Authors: Li Chuan , You Fei , Wang Jinchen , Huang Jiajun , He Songbai
Published: October 2019

A third‐order complex delta‐sigma modulation (CDSM) structure with cross‐coupling paths is proposed and analysed. Although the conventional CDSM can reduce circuits complexity in digital transmitter systems, it suffers from other shortcomings like increasing algorithm complexity. This structure imports cross‐coupling paths both at output and interstage, which realises decorrelation between zeros and poles. The advantage is that complex zeros can be arbitrarily placed, and thus, the reconfigurable digital wireless transmitter application can be satisfied; and the poles are not affected by zeros placement, which improves the flatness of signal transfer function.
Cryogenic characterisation of 55 nm SONOS charge‐trapping memory in AC and DC modes
Authors: Fan Lin‐Jie , Bi Jin‐Shun , Xu Yan‐Nan , Xi Kai , Ma Yao , Liu Ming , Majumdar Sandip
Published: October 2019

The electrical responses of 55 nm silicon–oxide–nitride–oxide–silicon (SONOS) memory cells have been investigated under cryogenic conditions, and the changes of the read curves of SONOS in AC mode (programmed/erased with pulse voltage) and DC mode (programmed/erased with direct voltage sweeping) at low temperatures are compared. The experimental results show that with the decrease of temperature, the subthreshold swing of SONOS decreases, whereas the on‐state current of SONOS increases. The difference in AC and DC operations causes the threshold voltage of the read curve to drift accordingly, leading to the different change in the memory window. However, in both modes of operations, the efficiencies of programming and erasing decrease at cryogenic temperatures. It is analysed that the reduction of programming efficiency at cryogenic temperatures is caused by the decrease in the quantity of pre‐tunnelling electrons. The reduction in erasing efficiency is attributable to the suppression of the Poole–Frenkel effect at low temperatures, which makes it more difficult for electrons to be de‐trapped.
Microgrid energy management: how uncertainty modelling impacts economic performance
Authors: Alipour Manijeh , Chitsaz Hamed , Zareipour Hamidreza , Wood David
Published: October 2019

Short‐term electricity prices are key economic input to model the optimal operation of grid‐connected microgrids. In competitive electricity markets, these prices are not known in advance, and need to be forecasted. Price forecasts, however, have uncertainty, and thus, their errors will impact economic gains. Three main approaches have been employed in the literature to mitigate the uncertainties associated with price forecasts, i.e. rolling horizon optimisation techniques, interval optimisation and scenario‐based methods. In this study, we investigate the economic values of using these approaches, as well as the combination of them, in the operation of microgrids. This is to inform microgrid operators on how to determine which approach should be adopted under different circumstances. Therefore, we first implement point, interval and scenario forecasting models for electricity market prices. The generated forecasts are then fed into a deterministic, robust and stochastic optimisation models for operation scheduling of a typical microgrid. The changes in total energy costs of the microgrid are then evaluated. The simulation results show that while the performance of different methods depends on the volatility of market prices, the model with point price forecasts and a rolling horizon operation scheduling either outperforms other methods or does equally well.
Three‐level PN cell for multilevel converters
Authors: Bęczkowski Szymon , Munk‐Nielsen Stig
Published: October 2019

Multilevel converters rely on plurality of DC capacitors switched in specific patterns to obtain the necessary output voltage level. Modular multilevel converter, flying capacitor converter (FLC) and neutral point clamped (NPC) converters require complex control to balance the capacitors’ voltages. Cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) converters require plurality of isolated DC sources to energise the capacitors. This study presents a three‐level PN cell that modulates the common‐mode voltage between the output and input port while simultaneously mirroring the input DC voltage on the output port. Cell's capacitor voltage is naturally balanced and a three‐phase multilevel converter requires only one DC power source. The output voltage of a multilevel converter can be higher than the input DC voltage. As a consequence, a single low‐voltage DC power source can directly interface a three‐phase MV grid.
Exploitation of multipath micro‐Doppler signatures for drone classification
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Li Gang , Huo Chaoying , Yin Hongcheng
Published: October 2019

In this study, the authors present a method of fusion of direct‐path and multipath micro‐Doppler radar signatures to improve the accuracy of micro‐drone classification in urban environments. By using a high‐resolution radar, the direct‐path and multipath echoes are separated based on the indices of the range cells they occupy. The time–frequency spectrograms of the drones are obtained by performing the short‐time Fourier transform on the direct‐path and multipath echoes, respectively. The direct‐path and multipath features, which are extracted by the principal components analysis on the direct‐path and multipath spectrograms, respectively, are fused and fed into classifiers to determine the type of drones. Experimental results based on measured data demonstrate that the classification accuracy produced by multipath exploitation is 5% higher than that obtained by using the direct‐path echo only.
Review on online inductive wear debris monitoring technology
Authors: Chen Tao , Wang Liyong , Gu Yuhai , Zuo Yunbo
Published: October 2019

Online oil monitoring technique is now an important development means to monitor wear condition and diagnose wear fault real time. Inductive wear debris monitoring is the research hotspot in the current online oil monitoring for its unique characteristics. Based on the current domestic and international online inductive wear debris monitoring, the relevant comments to the online inductive wear debris monitoring technology were given. Then, the positive and inverse problems of numerical analysis of inductive wear debris monitoring are analysed. Based on the above, the difficulties and shortages of online inductive wear debris monitoring are studied and the development trend and research focus of online inductive wear debris monitoring are discussion to provide for the oil online technology research.
Construction and verification of an integrated test system for underwater vehicle testing
Authors: Jiang Nan , He Tao , Gu Qing , Geng Helong , Zhang Huijun
Published: October 2019

Integrated test architecture (ITA) is a testing infrastructure developed for overcoming the design deficiency of stovepipe system based on current construction situation of underwater vehicle equipment. The general infrastructure of ITA is given at first, and then the design of ITA‐based foundation platform infrastructure (IFPI) of underwater vehicle testing (UVT) is presented with details, mainly including development of middleware and the design of ITA testing process tool (TTCT). Moreover, an integrated test system for underwater vehicle testing (ITSUVT) is constructed by developing or integrating testing resource on IFPI. Finally, the performance of VBFPI is tested according to the designed testing schemes, and the function of ITSUVT is verified by field and virtual UVT.
Design of auxiliary robots for distribution network uninterrupted operation
Authors: Song Wei , Fan Zhaoyong , Zhou Qing , Wang Chengjiang , Wang Dahong
Published: October 2019

Here, the auxiliary robot for distribution network without power failure is designed. The robot includes the design of mobile chassis, turntable, tops, and legs. The mobile chassis is responsible for walking, power supply, and work safety support platform. It can walk flexibly and has a certain ability to overcome obstacles. The turntable not only can withstand axial and radial loads, but also can withstand tilting moments. Tops can provide reliable support and good insulation guarantee for work buckets. Outriggers serve to level out and ensure the stability of the vehicle. The experimental results show that the design of the network‐assisted robot without power failure can meet the actual operation requirements.
Improving active learning by data balance to reduce annotation efforts
Authors: Lei Han , Wang Shuai , Zheng Dezhi , Qu Xiaolei , Fan Shangchun , Cui Chongyang
Published: October 2019

Image classification is a fundamental task in image analysis. Recent advances in deep learning have achieved promising results on many image classification benchmarks. However, in some particular tasks, especially in biomedical image analysis, preparing a large number of labelled images for the model's training is costly and unpractical. In this study, the authors aim to address the following questions: With limited effort (e.g. time, cost and manpower) for labelling, what instances should be chosen to annotate and how to train to model using limited annotated data. For that, they present an active learning algorithm combining with data balancing, making the model (e.g. convolutional neural network) fine‐tuned continuously and incrementally to reduce the effort of labelling and making model's training process more robust and efficient in both binary and multi‐class classification with high‐performance. They have evaluated the authors’ method of both binary natural dataset and three classes biomedical dataset, demonstrating that active learning with data balancing could help models’ training more robust and broaden active learning's field to multi classification and more application scenarios. More significantly, their experiments showed that at least a half of effort in labelling could be saved for satisfied performance by their method.
High‐resolution SSVEP‐based brain–computer interface
Authors: Zhang Shuailei , Wang Shuai , Zheng Dezhi , Ma Kang , Zhang Yajun , Xiang Wang
Published: October 2019

Steady‐state visual evoked potential based brain–computer interface (BCI) is now attracting growing attention for its fast and efficient information transfer rate. However, human beings show excellent response only in a limited range of frequencies. Due to the limitation of frequency bandwidth, it is difficult to obtain enough frequency for target encoding. This study presents a high‐resolution steady‐state visual evoked BCI whose frequency resolution reaches 0.1 Hz. Compared with the widely‐used system with frequency resolution of 0.2 Hz, this system have doubled the number of evoked frequencies, and increased the information transfer rate by 27.89% when sampling time is >3 s.
Design of electromagnetic sensor for metal wear particle detection in oil
Authors: Zuo Yunbo , Gu Yuhai , Zhang Yanhai
Published: October 2019

Wear is one of the common faults in the mechanical transmission system. Detection of wear particles in lubricating oil can detect and evaluate the wear degree of mechanical equipment. The electromagnetic sensor for metal wear particle detection can be connected in series with the oil circuit, which has the advantages of full liquid flow, simple structure, distinguishing metal properties, and not being influenced by bubbles and vibration. In view of the shortcomings of the existing electromagnetic sensor for wear particle detection, the detection principle and the induction electromotive force model were studied, and the magnetic field change of the metal particles through three coil differential solenoids was analysed. The optimisation design method was proposed here, which was about the related parameters, such as the wire diameter, the coil turns, the coil widths and so on. The experimental analysis of the sensor was carried out based on detection hardware system that could provide the phase‐locked amplification function. The 10‐mm inner diameter sensor could detect the minimum 100‐μm ferromagnetic metal abrasive particles after optimisation. The developed sensor could provide data information for the abrasive particle detection, fault diagnosis and early warning of wear degree of mechanical equipment.
Establishment of 350–450 kV wide spectrum and high air‐kerma rate X‐ray radiation mass
Authors: Wang Bo , Wu Jinjie , Du Haiyan , Guo Siming , Ren Shiwei
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the measurement of X‐rays has attracted much attention. Especially in the aspects of environmental monitoring, radiation protection, and radiation therapy, to obtain more accurate measurement values, it is necessary to set up a corresponding reference device to trace the magnitude. This paper aims to establish a 350–450 kV wide spectrum and high air‐kerma rate X‐ray radiant mass. First, the Monte Carlo simulation was used to simulate the establishment of a model of the light engine, and the energy spectra of different tube voltages and different additional filters were calculated to obtain the average photon energy. Then the average photon energy was compared with the extrapolated average photon energy so that the deviation was within ±5%. Finally, half‐value measurements are made on additional filters that meet the requirements.
Multi‐features fusion classification method for texture image
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhang Yanxin , Jiang Yuanyuan
Published: October 2019

Aiming at the problem of poor classification and recognition rate for distorted texture image based on single texture feature, a classification method of texture image based on multi‐features fusion is proposed. First, the corresponding GLCM features, HOG features, and HU moment features were extracted from the segmented texture images. Then, the three feature matrices were cascaded into a new feature matrix, and the principal component analysis method was used to reduce the dimension of the new feature matrix. Finally, the fused feature matrix was inputted to the support vector machine (SVM) for training, so that the final discriminant model was obtained. The model is applied to the classification of distorted texture images and compared with the single texture feature classification method through experiment. The results show that the multi‐features fusion classification method improves the classification accuracy of distorted texture images and has better real‐time performance.
Subpixel corner point detecting method based on greyscale constraint used for calibrating industrial microscopic systems
Authors: Kong Quancun , Li Dong , Liu Guili , Luo Rongkun , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: October 2019

To solve the problems of missed detection, repeated detection and low precision in the process of subpixel corner point detection of black‐and‐white checkerboard used for calibrating microscopic devices in complexed industrial environment, a new detection method based on greyscale constraint on the four‐neighbourhood diagonal was proposed in the paper. By analysing geometric characteristics of the four‐neighbourhood region and the grayscale features in diagonal direction, the SINC greyscale distribution was adopted to constrain corner point position, which realised rapid detection of subpixel corner point. Comparing with the existing methods, in the new method proposed the rate of repeated detection and missed detection decreased by about 20% and 2% respectively, which achieved a high rate of detecting accuracy over 99.9%. Meanwhile, the maximum error of corner point detection lowered from ±0.6pix to ±0.3pix, which showed that precision improved by about 50%. Finally, microscopic calibrating experiments used for micro‐hole centring system were carried out. The results show centring error was reduced from 10 μm (before calibration) to 3 μm (after calibration), and centring precision was increased by about 75%. It demonstrated that the new method improved the accuracy and precision effectively, which verified its applicable feasibility of microscopic calibration used in industry spots.
Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP‐based 3D resource allocation algorithm
Authors: Deng Yujie , Xu Zhan , Tian Zhigang
Published: October 2019

With the improvement of people's quality of life, the demand for three‐dimensional (3D) video has gradually grown in recent years. However, there are many challenges to providing high‐definition and high‐fidelity 3D video. One of the most difficult challenges for users to provide 3D video is a large amount of energy lost during 3D video transmission. In this study, the authors present a 3D resource allocation system architecture, which can effectively alleviate the problem of large transmission energy loss. They propose that multiple users in a small cell can share video resources in the downlink from the cloud to the client. In the cloud processing, multiple users can share part of the cloud computing work cycle. In the downlink, multiple users can share part of video resources. They presume that some share output bits can be multicast to overall users, and the other bits can be sent to every user in unicast. They model this and derive the simulation results. The simulation results show that the resource allocation scheme in this study achieves greater energy savings under certain conditions than the traditional case without sharing the resource.
Joint angle measurement of manipulator and error compensation based on an IMU sensor
Authors: Zhang Tianlin , Chen Sheng , Xu Guozheng , Wang Chao , Tan Caiming
Published: October 2019

To detect the joint angle of the manipulator accurately, a measuring method based on an IMU sensor is proposed. The sensor's attitude angles and corresponding rotation matrix are obtained according to the data of three‐axis gyroscope and three‐axis accelerometer. During the installation, the sensor's Z ‐axis direction is kept along with the motor's rotation axis direction, so that the angle of the sensor rotating around its Z ‐axis, which is the rotation angle of the motor, can be calculated by comparing the rotation relationship between the sensor's initial position and the sensor's position after the motor rotating. The largest source of result error derives from the inconsistent between the sensor's Z ‐axis direction and the motor's rotation axis direction. Consequently, an installation's error compensation method is designed to correct the sensor's Z ‐axis to the motor's rotation axis by rotating the related motor. The experiments show that the method can measure the joint angle of the manipulator accurately and calibrate the installation error effectively. The measurement result errors are confined <0.25°.
Ensemble asteroseismology of pulsating B-type stars in NGC 6910
Authors: Moździerski D. , Pigulski A. , Kołaczkowski Z. , Michalska G. , Kopacki G. , Carrier F. , Walczak P. , Narwid A. , Stęślicki M. , Fu J.-N. , Jiang X.-J. , Zhang Ch. , Jackiewicz J. , Telting J. , Morel T. , Saesen S. , Zahajkiewicz E. , Bruś P. , Śródka P. , Vučković M. , Verhoelst T. , Van Helshoecht V. , Lefever K. , Gielen C. , Decin L. , Vanautgaerden J. , Aerts C.
Published: October 2019

Asteroseismology offers the possibility of probing stellar interiors and testing evolutionary and seismic models. Precise photometry and spectroscopy obtained during multi-site campaigns on young open clusters allows discovering rich samples of pulsating stars and using them in a simultaneous seismic modelling called ensemble asteroseismology. The aim of this study is to obtain the age of the open cluster NGC 6910 by means of ensemble asteroseismology of the early-type pulsating members, to derive their stellar parameters, and to classify the excited modes. We used time-series analysis, performed photometric and spectroscopic mode identification, and calculated grids of evolutionary and seismic models to apply the procedure of ensemble asteroseismology for nine pulsating members of NGC 6910. With two iterations of the procedure of ensemble asteroseismology applied to nine pulsating stars we derived an age of 10.6−0.8+0.9Myr for NGC 6910. We also identified the degreelfor 8 of 37 modes detected in these stars and classified all modes in terms ofp,g, and mixed-mode pulsations. Of the nine pulsating stars examined in the paper, eight areβCep stars, including three that are hybridβCep and slowly pulsating B-type (SPB) pulsators, and one is an SPB star. Interestingly, the least massiveβCep star, NGC 6910-38, has a mass of about 5.6M⊙. The present theory does not predict unstablepmodes in B-type stars with such a low mass. Thegmodes with relatively high frequencies (> 3.5 d−1), observed in three members of the cluster, are also stable according to seismic modelling. Both findings pose a challenge for theoretical calculations and prompt a revision of the opacities. The procedure of ensemble asteroseismology was found to be successful for NGC 6910 andχPer on the basis of pulsating B-type stars and can therefore be applied to other young open clusters that are rich in such stars.
The impact of planet wakes on the location and shape of the water ice line in a protoplanetary disk
Authors: Ziampras Alexandros , Ataiee Sareh , Kley Wilhelm , Dullemond Cornelis P. , Baruteau Clément
Published: October 2019

Context. Planets in accretion disks can excite spiral shocks and if these planets are massive enough, they can even open gaps in their vicinity. Both of these effects can influence the overall thermal structure of the disk.

Aims. We model planets of different masses and semimajor axes in disks of various viscosities and accretion rates to examine their impact on disk thermodynamics and to highlight the mutable, non-axisymmetric nature of ice lines in systems with massive planets.

Methods. We conducted a parameter study using numerical hydrodynamics simulations where we treated viscous heating, thermal cooling, and stellar irradiation as additional source terms in the energy equation, with some runs including radiative diffusion. Our parameter space consists of a grid containing different combinations of planet and disk parameters.

Results. Both gap opening and shock heating can displace the ice line, with the effects amplified for massive planets in optically thick disks. The gap region can split an initially hot (T > 170 K) disk into a hot inner disk and a hot ring just outside of the planet’s location, while shock heating can reshape the originally axisymmetric ice line into water-poor islands along spirals. We also find that radiative diffusion does not alter the picture significantly in this context.

Conclusions. Shock heating and gap opening by a planet can effectively heat up optically thick disks and, in general, they can move or reshape the water ice line. This can affect the gap structure and migration torques. It can also produce azimuthal features that follow the trajectory of spiral arms, creating hot zones which lead to “islands” of vapor and ice around spirals that could affect the accretion or growth of icy aggregates.
An analysis of the viability of implementing steam screw machines at the facilities of energy generation enterprises to reduce the energy costs for their own need
Authors: Balzamov D. S. , Akhmetova I. G. , Balzamova E. Y. , Oykina G. I. , COMAN Gelu
Published: October 2019

Reducing the energy consumption for the own needs of energy sources is an urgent task that can be solved by organizing our own energy sources by using the potential energy of water vapor in steam screw machines. The article discusses some options for installing steam screw machines at the facilities of generating companies and identifies factors affecting the return on steam screw machines in the current operating conditions.
Energy technological complex based on the use of coal
Authors: Savina M. , Mingaleeva G. , Cimbala R.
Published: October 2019

The paper proposes a flow chart of an energy technology complex based on thermochemical processing of solid fuels with a consistent removal of separation products. The scheme is designed for the use of coal and other solid fuels, as a result of the developed methodology for modeling the processes occurring during the thermal decomposition of the organic mass. Calculations of the circuit elements show that the thermal efficiency is increased when implementing successive separation of exhaust coal products.
Fullerenes production by electric arc pyrolysis of methane in an AC three-phase plasma torch
Authors: Subbotin D. I. , Popov S. D. , Serba E. O. , Charykov N. A. , Lizander V. R. , Surov A. V. , Obraztsov N. V.
Published: October 2019

The article deals with a high-voltage three-phase AC plasma torch working as a part of a plasma-chemical facility. The plasma torch consists of three electric arc channels and three rod copper electrodes. The initial breakdown occurs with high voltage (10 kV) provided by a high voltage power supply. The electric arc plasma oxygen-free pyrolysis of methane was realized on the facility. The fullerene-containing fraction was extracted from the carbonaceous material by extraction with orthoxylene. The produced carbon-black and the selected extract were analyzed by modern methods of physical and chemical analysis: scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, IR spectroscopy.
Minimization of the stator current in induction motor with defined load on the shaft by maintaining optimum absolute slip
Authors: Meshcheryakov V. N. , Danilov V. V. , Khasanov Sh. R. , Valtchev S.
Published: October 2019

This paper presents the study of induction motor operation with regulated frequency and voltage while maintaining the absolute slip of the two optimal modes with a minimum of the “stator current / torque” ratio and a minimum of the “winding loss / torque” ratio; the results of experimental studies confirm the validity of the analytical expressions.
Control Unit for Electromagnet Current
Authors: Belov G. A. , Abramov S. V. , Malinin G. V. , Salov A. V.
Published: October 2019

The paper deals with the results of research and development of the electromagnet current control unit for the case when only two outputs without specifying the polarity of the source connection may be available from a circuit with a series of DC voltage sources and electromagnet winding. Theoretical results have been verified by modelling in Matlab-Simulink environment as well as by testing the starter of the contactor air switch.
Vibration diagnostic of electric motor roller bearings
Authors: Hruntovich N. V. , Hruntovich N. V. , Kapanski A. A. , Petrov I. V. , Kostyleva E. E.
Published: October 2019

The low quality of the new rolling bearings leads to additional costs for electric motor repair, and additional expenses connected with the technological process, value of which can reach from several thousand to tens of thousand dollars. To increase detection, the reliability of rolling bearing defects of asynchronous motors, complex vibration diagnostics was used at informative frequencies in the vibration frequency and amplitude in the range of 5-5000 Hz. Based on the diagnostic model of rolling bearings the software program “Tayamnitsa” is developed, which allows to calculate the diagnostic frequency corresponding to certain defects, determine the defect level and form a diagnostic table for defects. Vibration diagnostics of new and used rolling bearings have been conducted for various regional enterprises and power plants. It has been determined that 40-50% of used bearings are removed in good technical condition. When new bearings were diagnosed in the 500-5000 Hz range, only 48.4% of the bearings are considered serviceable due to the low accuracy class of metal processing and unacceptably high vibration level.
Justification for creating a mobile complex to assess electric energy loss in power transformers during the operation process
Authors: Vinogradov A. V. , Vinogradova A. V. , Bolshev V. E. , Ward M. O. , Makhiyanova N. V. , Dolomaniuk L. V.
Published: October 2019

The paper analyzes the statistical data on the transformers of the Kromsky branch of Oreloblenergo OJSC including the average lifetime of the transformers and no-load losses measured in accordance with the requirements of Russian standard GOST 3484.1. The analysis indicates that the declared passport data differ from the measured data. There is also the analysis of technical solutions to improve the power transformer design including to development of new types of electrical steel used in transformer cores, superconducting materials for winding. The article gives an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of using these technologies as well as the possible reduction of electrical losses. In conclusion there is the justification for creating the mobile measuring complex to assess electric energy loss in power transformers during operation without disconnecting the load. The paper describes the result achieved using such a mobile measuring complex along with the economic effect of creating the project.
Theoretical and experimental study of vibration-amplitude liquid densimeter on the basis of a high-quality tubular resonator
Authors: Huseynov T. K. , Gadirova T. T. , Amiraslanov B. K. , Abdulova N. A. , Quliyeva A. I. , Haciyeva K. R.
Published: October 2019

This paper is devoted to the current model of vibration-amplitude liquid densimeter developed by the authors. Firstly, the necessity to develop vibration-amplitude liquids densimeters with straigt-flow sensing elements (resonators) belonging to the “low cost low accuracy” category is justified. The resonator structure, developed as the result of the search using the heuristic method, is described. The proposed resonator is a tube rigidly fixed at the ends with additional weights attached symmetrically at the vertical axis at the points of the antinodes of the second fundamental oscillation mode in order to improve the resonator qualityfactor by suppressing parasitic harmonics. The structure provides the possibility to restore the resonator natural oscillation frequency (decreased with time) to the primary one. It may be achieved by sequence screwing rods with different lengths into additional masses. The choice of the operating frequency of oscillations equal to 100 Hz is proved. It ensures invariance to the presence of solid inclusions in measured liquid and simplifies the electromagnetic excitation system. There are also theoretical relations obtained as a result of solving a differential equation of natural oscillations of a rigidly fixed tube with additional point masses, which are symmetrically located relatively vertical axis. They allow determining the own resonator oscillations frequencies for given parameters. The description of the operating model of the vibration-amplitude liquids densimeter, obtained experimentally and its calibration characteristic, is given.
Structure, condition, and prospects of electrical grids in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Volotkovskaya N. S. , Kugusheva N. N. , Semenov A. S. , Yakushev I. A. , Pavlova S. N. , Kolosova O. V.
Published: October 2019

The paper analyzes the condition of electrical grids in the west of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); data sampled for the last 10 years. It demonstrates the geographic location of grids, which defines the scale of the study. Technical indicators are presented for 10 years; they reflect an increase in the fixed assets. The paper derives mathematical models of the wear of transmission equipment used in the western grids. It proves that the condition of equipment will deteriorate further unless its maintenance is properly funded. The paper analyzes the prospects of electrical grids in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It presents a program for local energy optimization. The costs associated with five alternative development scenarios are calculated and presented in a tabular format.
World and Russian fuel and energy market development perspectives and drivers
Authors: Peskova D. R. , Vasileva J. P. , Nazarova U. A. , Sharifyanova Z. F.
Published: October 2019

The fuel and energy sector of the world economy and of Russia in particular is surviving heavy and high-speed transformations which inevitably will touch everyone. This article aims to analyze the modern tendencies of Russian worldwide natural resources perspectives of development and to understand the potential of economic drivers. Therefore, the current picture of oil and gas market for Russia and others countries was evaluated. Possible risks for Russian Federation including entrepreneurial difficulties were studied. Using econometric methods, the features influencing the amount of oil extracting were defined. The research allowed us to conclude that the major significant variable influencing oil extraction is “Well yield per day”. According to this result we may state the initiating of new oil fields is of great need in Russia.