bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymilacja 14CO2 i przebieg wzrostu pszenicy jarej odm. Nagradowicka w warunkach intensywnego żywienia azotem lub fosforem [Assimilation of 14CO2 and growth dynamics of spring wheat cv. Nagradawicka under conditions of intensive nitrogen or phosphorus fertilization]
Authors: Praga-Kubalska Barbara , Gej Bronisław
Published: June 2015

A pot experiment with plants of spring wheat cv. Nagradowicka was carried out. The effects of intensive nitrogen or phosphorus fertilization on the dry matter increment, chlorophyll and water contents and rate of 14CO2 uptake in these plants during the vegetation period were investigated.
Haemolytic micromethod for rapid estimation of toxic alfalfa saponin
Authors: Jurzysta Marian
Published: June 2015

On a plate covered with a thin layer of blood suspension with gelatine 10 microliters of alfalfa juice or alfalfa meal extract is spotted. As a result of saponin diffusion and their reaction with blood a haemolytic ring appears, the diameter of which is proportional to the concentration of toxic saponins. Selected by this method low-saponin individual alfalfa plants proved non toxic for fishes and did not inhibit the growth of Trichoderma viride.
Saponins of the genus Medicago
Authors: Jurzysta Marian , Nowacki Edmunt
Published: June 2015

The 24 lucerne species were investigated for their saponin content by means of the thin layer chromatography method as well as by haemolytic and fungistatic tests. Wide interspecific differences were found in the content, the chemical composition and biological activity of saponins.
Wpływ różnych dawek promieni gamma 60Co na dynamikę kiełkowania nasion i przeżywalność siewek asra chińskiego (Callistephus chinensis Nees). Cz. I [The effect of varying doses of gamma rays 60Co on the dynamics of seed germination and survival of China aster (Callistephus chinensis Nees) seedlings]
Authors: Wosińska Alicja
Published: June 2015

Studies were undertaken on the effect of gamma rays on germination of aster seeds in laboratory conditions and in a greenhouse, as well as on the dynamics of seedling survival after 10, 20, 30 and 40 days. In laboratory conditions negative effect of radiation on seed germination was noted already four days after sowing. However, this effect was only transitory and after 10 days decreased germination ability was observed only in case of 'Goplana' variety, at radiation doses of 24 and 30 kR. In greenhouse conditions higher radiation doses decreased germination ability of most varieties under study and prolonged germination time. At 24-50 kR inhibition of growth and development of seedlings – at the stage of cotyledon - was noted in all varieties under study. Lethal effect of radiation occurred after 20 or 30 days and increased with time. Level of LD100 after 40 days varied in particular varieties from 12 to 18 kF. Reaction of particular varieties under study was also diffenetiated.
Badania wpływu herbicydów i nawożenia mineralnego na zawartość kwasów tłuszczowych w nasionach bobiku (Vicia faba) [Influence of herbicides and mineral fertilization on the fatty acids content in the seeds of the field bean (Vicia faba)]
Authors: Sykut Anna , Wójcik Wiesław
Published: June 2015

The influence of the herbicides Afalon (active substance Linuron). Gesatop 50 (active substance simazine), Aretit (active substance dinoseb acetate) was tested concomitantly with two NPK fertilization levels on the crude lipid content and the fatty acids composition of field bean seeds.
Wpływ szczepów bakterii wyizolowanych z hydroponicznej uprawy sałaty (Lactuca sativa L.) na wzrost siewek sałaty, rosnących w obecnosci rożnych form pożywienia azotowego [Influence of bacterial strains isolated from hydroponic cultures of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) on the growth of lettuce seedlings growing in the presence of various forms of nitrogen nutrition]
Authors: Kobierzyńska-Gołąb Z.
Published: June 2015

320 bacterial strains isolated from the surface of cultivated plants, as well as from other parts of hydroponic cultures showed stimulating (49 bacterial strains) or inhibitory (9 bacterial strains) properties in respect to the investigated plant. The following bacteria were isolated: Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Agrobacterium, Achromobacter and Chromobacterium. The effects of active bacterial strains on the growth of seedlings were investigated in dependence on the kind of inorganic form of nitrogen present in the nutrient solutions. The same bacterial strains exerted a stimulating effect on seedlings growing on nitrates, weaker stimulation was observed in cultures with ammonium nitrate; the growth of lettuce seedlings on nutrient solution with ammonium only, was, as a rule, inhibited by the bacteria.
La Baladodiffusion ou l’écoute comme surgissement du présent
Authors: Esclapez Christine
Published: June 2015

Dans son article « L’enjeu de la philologie », Denis Thouard ausculte ce qu’il appelle la culture post-livresque, c’est-à-dire notre rapport actuel à l’écrit qui se concrétise par une intimité de plus en plus grande avec l’hypertexte.

C’est à partir de ce constat que nous chercherons à ausculter les conditions actuelles de diffusion, principalement caractérisées par le principe de la baladodiffusion (ou podcasting) qui interroge directement la question économique mais aussi esthétique de la réception musicale. Loin de dresser un bilan totalement négatif de ces nouvelles conduites d’écoute qui ont tendance à soumettre la qualité (choix de l’interprétation par exemple) à la quantité des téléchargements musicaux effectués, nous en discuterons de la façon la plus ouverte et la plus utopique possible. Nous ferons l’hypothèse qu’esthétiquement, il y a là, quelque chose d’extrêmement intéressant qui est en train de repousser imperceptiblement les limites de la sphère économique et même politique. Face à cette envie portative, immédiate, relative et désordonnée de musiques plurielles, il y a aussi un renversement des valeurs qui sont les nôtres : la quantité de musiques écoutées n’est plus nécessairement synonyme d’appauvrissement, d’inculture ou d’asservissement aux logiques de l’économie de marché, mais procède aussi de ce désir de découvrir et de tendre l’oreille. Désir où le total désordre stylistique et chronologique permet de refonder cette continuité historique mais aussi anthropologique qui semblait avoir déserté la seconde moitié du XXe siècle.
Quand le metal flirte avec ABBA : Analyse des transformations formelles et thématiques de « Summer Night City »
Authors: St-Laurent Méi-Ra
Published: June 2015

Une des caractéristiques fondamentales de la musique populaire demeure la réutilisation constante du matériel musical en provenance d’une multitude de styles et de courants (remix, adaptation, échantillonnage, etc.). Cette pratique nommée la transphonographie provient de l’intertextualité, un concept élaboré par le littéraire Gérard Genette et adapté à la musique populaire par le musicologue Serge Lacasse. Dans ce texte, l’auteur emploiera la transphonographie pour relever les différentes transformations musicales et thématiques survenant dans la chanson « Summer Night City » de ABBA, lorsque celle-ci est reprise par le groupe de gothique metal symphonique Therion. En plus des éléments musicaux propres à la musique d’ABBA modifiés pour correspondre à l’esthétique de Therion, ces transformations induisent aussi un changement dans la signification même de la chanson.
Narratives of Iraqi Adult Learners: Experiences of Spoken Register in English for Academic Purposes Programs at an Australian University
Authors: Hamdany Hayder Al , Picard Michelle
Published: June 2015

This paper explores the perceptions of Iraqi students of three different English Programs (a general English for academic purposes program, a pre-enrolment English program and the English component of a disciplinary bridging program) at an Australian University as reflected in their language learning narratives. It focuses specifically on the students' experience of academic spoken register in the aforementioned programs and how their experiences are affected by Australian English higher education policies. Data were collected through narrative interviews and thematically analysed using an inductive approach of open and axial coding. The data reveal that the acquisition of appropriate register by this cohort was impacted by their backgrounds as mature-aged, Arabic Muslim learners and by the nature of the programs they participated in. They valued programs with a varied range of tasks allowing them to practice academic and non-academic registers within the relevant contexts. They also valued programs that took cognisance of their family responsibilities, learning needs and disciplinary backgrounds. In terms of policy, we show how the programs that followed the Good Practice Principles for English language proficiency for international students – a document that underpins Australian higher education English language policy – were highly valued by this cohort because of an increasingly disciplinary focus and explicit instruction.
Age-dependent electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns during sevoflurane general anesthesia in infants
Authors: Cornelissen Laura , Kim Seong-Eun , Purdon Patrick L , Brown Emery N , Berde Charles B
Published: June 2015

Electroencephalogram (EEG) approaches may provide important information about developmental changes in brain-state dynamics during general anesthesia. We used multi-electrode EEG, analyzed with multitaper spectral methods and video recording of body movement to characterize the spatio-temporal dynamics of brain activity in 36 infants 0–6 months old when awake, and during maintenance of and emergence from sevoflurane general anesthesia. During maintenance: (1) slow-delta oscillations were present in all ages; (2) theta and alpha oscillations emerged around 4 months; (3) unlike adults, all infants lacked frontal alpha predominance and coherence. Alpha power was greatest during maintenance, compared to awake and emergence in infants at 4–6 months. During emergence, theta and alpha power decreased with decreasing sevoflurane concentration in infants at 4–6 months. These EEG dynamic differences are likely due to developmental factors including regional differences in synaptogenesis, glucose metabolism, and myelination across the cortex. We demonstrate the need to apply age-adjusted analytic approaches to develop neurophysiologic-based strategies for pediatric anesthetic state monitoring.
A genetic toolkit for tagging intronic MiMIC containing genes
Authors: Nagarkar-Jaiswal Sonal , DeLuca Steven Z , Lee Pei-Tseng , Lin Wen-Wen , Pan Hongling , Zuo Zhongyuan , Lv Jiangxing , Spradling Allan C , Bellen Hugo J
Published: June 2015

Previously, we described a large collection of Minos-Mediated Integration Cassettes (MiMICs) that contain two phiC31 recombinase target sites and allow the generation of a new exon that encodes a protein tag when the MiMIC is inserted in a codon intron (Nagarkar-Jaiswal et al., 2015). These modified genes permit numerous applications including assessment of protein expression pattern, identification of protein interaction partners by immunoprecipitation followed by mass spec, and reversible removal of the tagged protein in any tissue. At present, these conversions remain time and labor-intensive as they require embryos to be injected with plasmid DNA containing the exon tag. In this study, we describe a simple and reliable genetic strategy to tag genes/proteins that contain MiMIC insertions using an integrated exon encoding GFP flanked by FRT sequences. We document the efficiency and tag 60 mostly uncharacterized genes.
Eficiência de herbicidas na supressão de rebrote de touceiras de capim-amargoso
Authors: Peternela Alexandre , Oliveira Neto Antonio Mendes de , Guerra Naiara , Oliveira Nadia Cristina de , Bottega Eduardo Leonel , Maciel Cleber Daniel de Goes
Published: June 2015

O capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis) é uma espécie originaria das Américas, nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Em áreas onde há uso contínuo de glyphosate, plantas entouceiradas e com rizomas tornam-se de difícil controle, podendo ocorrer rebrotes após os tratamentos. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência de diferentes tratamentos herbicidas em suprimir a rebrota de D. insularis. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Nova Aurora - PR, nos meses de julho e agosto de 2013. Os tratamentos utilizados foram testemunha sem herbicida, glyphosate + clethodim, glyphosate + imazethapyr e glyphosate + clethodim + s-metolachlor. Utilizou-se um pulverizador de precisão a CO2, munido de pontas do tipo leque ADIA 110.02. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 21, 28 e 35 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Os resultados mostraram que todos os tratamentos apresentaram êxito na supressão da rebrota de D. insularis, em relação à testemunha que não recebeu herbicida.
Efeito de herbicidas na atividade microbiana do solo cultivado com diferentes genótipos de cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Galon Leandro , Silva Alexandre Ferreira da , Concenço Germani , Ferreira Evander Alves , Silva Daniel Valadão , Aspiazú Ignacio , Silva Antonio Alberto da
Published: June 2015

Objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar o efeito de herbicidas sobre a atividade microbiana do solo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pelo fatorial composto pelos herbicidas: ametryn (2000 g ha-1), trifloxysulfuron-sodium (22,5 g ha-1), ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium (1463 + 37 g ha-1) e uma testemunha capinada, combinados com os genótipos de cana-de-açúcar RB72454, RB835486, RB855113, RB867515 e RB947520. Aos 15 e 45 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas (DAT) coletou-se o solo rizosférico e determinou-se a respiração basal (C-CO2), o carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM) e da razão dessas duas variáveis foi calculado o quociente metabólico (qCO2). Os efeitos dos herbicidas na microbiota do solo variaram em função do genótipo, sendo o RB835486 o material que mais influenciou o CBM, principalmente, aos 45 DAT, e o qCO2 foi mais afetado pelo RB72454. Os herbicidas, em especial o trifloxysulfuron-sodium, alteraram o CBM com incremento desta variável para a maioria dos genótipos tratados, além de promover a redução do qCO2 nos solos, demonstrando ser o herbicida que menos afetou negativamente os indicadores de qualidade biológica do solo. Os herbicidas ametryn e a mistura de ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium afetam negativamente o C-CO2, o CBM e o qCO2, em especial quando aplicados sobre o genótipo RB72454.
Observed platelet ice distributions in Antarctic sea ice: An index for ocean‐ice shelf heat flux
Authors: Langhorne P. J. , Hughes K. G. , Gough A. J. , Smith I. J. , Williams M. J. M. , Robinson N. J. , Stevens C. L. , Rack W. , Price D. , Leonard G. H. , Mahoney A. R. , Haas C. , Haskell T. G.
Published: June 2015

Antarctic sea ice that has been affected by supercooled Ice Shelf Water (ISW) has a unique crystallographic structure and is called platelet ice. In this paper we synthesize platelet ice observations to construct a continent‐wide map of the winter presence of ISW at the ocean surface. The observations demonstrate that, in some regions of coastal Antarctica, supercooled ISW drives a negative oceanic heat flux of −30 Wm−2 that persists for several months during winter, significantly affecting sea ice thickness. In other regions, particularly where the thinning of ice shelves is believed to be greatest, platelet ice is not observed. Our new data set includes the longest ice‐ocean record for Antarctica, which dates back to 1902 near the McMurdo Ice Shelf. These historical data indicate that, over the past 100 years, any change in the volume of very cold surface outflow from this ice shelf is less than the uncertainties in the measurements.
Identification of the dominant ULF wave mode and generation mechanism for obliquely propagating waves in the Earth's foreshock
Authors: Strumik M. , Roytershteyn V. , Karimabadi H. , Stasiewicz K. , Grzesiak M. , Przepiórka D.
Published: June 2015

We discuss mechanisms of the generation of ultralow frequency (ULF) upstream waves in the terrestrial foreshock that are essential for the acceleration of ions in space plasmas. The analysis is based on global hybrid kinetic simulations of the magnetosphere that provide realistic environment for the growth of the ULF waves in a quasi‐radial configuration of the interplanetary magnetic field. We focus on a long‐debated problem of the generation mechanism of oblique and parallel ULF waves and provide quantitative arguments in favor of the ion/ion cyclotron resonant instability. We also show that parallel propagating waves are predominantly generated in this configuration, but geometrical effects related to the phase space density in wave vector space lead to apparent predominance of obliquely propagating waves. Correspondence between the results outlined above and previously published experimental claims is thoroughly discussed and our results are shown to be consistent with spacecraft measurements.
A statistical study of the dawn‐dusk asymmetry of ion temperature anisotropy and mirror mode occurrence in the terrestrial dayside magnetosheath using THEMIS data
Authors: Dimmock A. P. , Osmane A. , Pulkkinen T. I. , Nykyri K.
Published: June 2015

We present a statistical study of ion temperature anisotropy and mirror mode activity in the Earth's dayside magnetosheath using 6 years of Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) observations focusing on the quantification of dawn‐dusk asymmetry as a function of upstream conditions and distance from the magnetopause. Our statistical data show a pronounced dusk favored asymmetry of T⊥/T∥ which drives a similar asymmetry of mirror mode activity. T⊥/T∥ decreases with increasing solar wind Alfvén Mach number, whereas mirror mode occurrence increases. In both cases, the relative asymmetry between the dawn and dusk flanks decrease with increasing Alfvén Mach number. In addition, during the transition from low/moderate MA, there was a shift in our data set from dips to peaks, suggesting that the magnetosheath strongly favors peaks during intervals of higher Mach number. We also observed more mirror modes and larger asymmetry during atypical inward ortho‐Parker spiral interplanetary magnetic field compared to the more statistically relevant Parker spiral configuration. Our results are consistent with previous experimental studies of mirror modes and to some extent, numerical models.
Multiple chronic conditions and labor force outcomes: A population study of U.S. adults
Authors: Ward Brian W.
Published: June 2015

Background

Although 1‐in‐5 adults have multiple (≥2) chronic conditions, limited attention has been given to the association between multiple chronic conditions and employment.

Methods

Cross‐sectional data (2011 National Health Interview Survey) and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine the association among multiple chronic conditions, employment, and labor force outcomes for U.S. adults aged 18–64 years, controlling for covariates.

Results

Among U.S. adults aged 18–64 years (unweighted, n = 25,458), having multiple chronic conditions reduced employment probability by 11–29%. Some individual chronic conditions decreased employment probability. Among employed adults (unweighted, n = 16,096), having multiple chronic conditions increased the average number of work days missed due to injury/illness in the past year by 3–9 days.

Conclusions

Multiple chronic conditions are a barrier to employment and increase the number of work days missed, placing affected individuals at a financial disadvantage. Researchers interested in examining consequences of multiple chronic conditions should give consideration to labor force outcomes.Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:943–954, 2015. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Sleep profiles in children with down syndrome
Authors: Bassell Julia L. , Phan Han , Leu Roberta , Kronk Rebecca , Visootsak Jeannie
Published: June 2015

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and results from an extra chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21). Sleep issues and/or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are assumed to be part of the DS phenotype with a high prevalence but are often under recognized. This cross‐sectional study of children with DS examines the caregiver‐reported sleep behaviors of 108 children with DS, ranging in age from 1.50 to 13.40 years (mean = 5.18 years) utilizing a standardized assessment tool, the Children's Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ). The CSHQ revealed 76% of children with DS had sleep problems, which began at a young age, and continue to persist and may recur with increasing age. Furthermore, children with DS who undergone adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy for OSA continued to have sleep problems suggesting that ongoing monitoring of sleep issues is needed in this population. Implications of sleep problems and recommended anticipatory guidance and intervention are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stereochemische Kommunikation innerhalb eines chiralen Ionenpaares
Authors: Merten Christian , Pollok Corina H. , Liao Saihu , List Benjamin
Published: June 2015

Ionische Wechselwirkungen werden für die Induktion von Asymmetrie in enantioselektiven Synthesen, insbesondere in der Brønsted‐Säure‐ oder Brønsted‐Base‐Katalyse, Phasentransferkatalyse und anderen Prozessen immer bedeutender. Es fehlt jedoch oft ein detailliertes Verständnis der entscheidenden Wechselwirkungen. Hier wird gezeigt, wie ein chirales Anion ein katalytisch aktives Kation in eine chirale Konformation drängt. Die VCD‐Spektroskopie wird erstmals genutzt, um die Übertragung stereochemischer Information von einem chiralen Phosphat auf ein konformativ flexibles Mangan(III)‐Salen‐Komplexkation zu charakterisieren. Zudem können mit VCD‐Spektroskopie auch Lösungsmitteleffekte auf diesen Prozess beobachtet werden. Die erhaltenen chiroptischen Daten können direkt und quantitativ mit experimentell ermittelten Enantioselektivitäten aus einer asymmetrischen Epoxidierungsreaktion korreliert werden.
Labeling Cell Surface GPIs and GPI‐Anchored Proteins through Metabolic Engineering with Artificial Inositol Derivatives
Authors: Lu Lili , Gao Jian , Guo Zhongwu
Published: June 2015

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins to the cell surface is important for various biological processes, but GPI‐anchored proteins are difficult to study. An effective strategy was developed for the metabolic engineering of cell‐surface GPIs and GPI‐anchored proteins by using inositol derivatives carrying an azido group. The azide‐labeled GPIs and GPI‐anchored proteins were then tagged with biotin on live cells through a click reaction, which allows further elaboration with streptavidin‐conjugated dyes or other molecules. The strategy can be used to label GPI‐anchored proteins with various tags for biological studies.
Poly(lactic acid)–layered silicate nanocomposites: The effects of modifier and compatibilizer on the morphology and mechanical properties
Authors: Cumkur Eda Acik , Baouz Touffik , Yilmazer Ulku
Published: June 2015

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based nanocomposites were prepared to investigate the effects of types of nanoclays. Five different organically modified nanoclays (Cloisites®15A, 25A, and 30B, and Nanofils®5 and 8) were used. Two rubbery compatibilizers, ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate (E‐GMA) and ethylene‐butyl acrylate‐maleic anhydride, were used in the nanocomposites as compatibilizer‐impact modifier. The degree of clay dispersion, the chemical compatibility between the polymer matrix and the compatibilizers, and changes in the morphology and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The mechanical properties and the morphological studies showed that the interactions between the different compatibilizers and PLA resulted in different structures and properties; such that the dispersion of clay, droplet size of the compatibilizer, and tensile properties were distinctly dependent on the type of the compatibilizer. Compatibility between C25A, C30B, and E‐GMA resulted in the best level of dispersion, leading to the highest tensile modulus and toughness among the compositions studied. In the mentioned nanocomposites, a network structure was formed owing to the high reactivity of the epoxide group of GMA towards the PLA end groups resulting in high impact toughness. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42553.
Mechanism of the Aerobic Homocoupling of Phenylboronic Acid on Au20−: A DFT Study
Authors: Karanjit Sangita , Ehara Masahiro , Sakurai Hidehiro
Published: June 2015

The mechanism of the gold nanocluster‐catalyzed aerobic homocoupling of arylboronic acids has been elucidated by means of DFT calculations with Au20− as a model cluster for the Au:[poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidin‐2‐one)] catalyst. We found that oxygen affects the adsorption of phenylboronic acid and, by lowering the energy barrier, a water molecule enhances dissociation of the C−B bond, which is probably the rate‐determining step. The key role of oxygen is in activating the surface of the gold cluster by generating Lewis acidic sites for adsorption and activation of the phenylboronic acid, leading to the formation of biphenyl through a superoxo‐like species. Moreover, the oxygen adsorbed on the Au nanocluster can act as an oxidant for phenylboronic acid, giving phenol as a byproduct. As shown by NBO analysis, the basic aqueous reaction medium facilitates the reductive elimination process by weakening the Au−C bond, thereby enhancing the formation of biphenyl. The coupling of phenyl and reductive elimination of biphenyl occur at the top or facet site with low‐energy‐barrier through spillover of phenyl group on Au NC. The present findings are useful for the interpretation or design of other coupling reactions with Au NC.
“Hit‐and‐Run” leaves its mark: Catalyst transcription factors and chromatin modification
Authors: Varala Kranthi , Li Ying , Marshall‐Colón Amy , Para Alessia , Coruzzi Gloria M.
Published: June 2015

Understanding how transcription factor (TF) binding is related to gene regulation is a moving target. We recently uncovered genome‐wide evidence for a “Hit‐and‐Run” model of transcription. In this model, a master TF “hits” a target promoter to initiate a rapid response to a signal. As the “hit” is transient, the model invokes recruitment of partner TFs to sustain transcription over time. Following the “run”, the master TF “hits” other targets to propagate the response genome‐wide. As such, a TF may act as a “catalyst” to mount a broad and acute response in cells that first sense the signal, while the recruited TF partners promote long‐term adaptive behavior in the whole organism. This “Hit‐and‐Run” model likely has broad relevance, as TF perturbation studies across eukaryotes show small overlaps between TF‐regulated and TF‐bound genes, implicating transient TF‐target binding. Here, we explore this “Hit‐and‐Run” model to suggest molecular mechanisms and its biological relevance.
Epigenetic regulatory elements: Recent advances in understanding their mode of action and use for recombinant protein production in mammalian cells
Authors: Harraghy Niamh , Calabrese David , Fisch Igor , Girod Pierre‐Alain , LeFourn Valérie , Regamey Alexandre , Mermod Nicolas
Published: June 2015

Successful generation of high producing cell lines requires the generation of cell clones expressing the recombinant protein at high levels and the characterization of the clones' ability to maintain stable expression levels. The use of cis‐acting epigenetic regulatory elements that improve this otherwise long and uncertain process has revolutionized recombinant protein production. Here we review and discuss new insights into the molecular mode of action of the matrix attachment regions (MARs) and ubiquitously‐acting chromatin opening elements (UCOEs), i.e. cis‐acting elements, and how these elements are being used to improve recombinant protein production. These elements can help maintain the chromatin environment of the transgene genomic integration locus in a transcriptionally favorable state, which increases the numbers of positive clones and the transgene expression levels. Moreover, the high producing clones tend to be more stable in long‐term cultures even in the absence of selection pressure. Therefore, by increasing the probability of isolating a high producing clone, as well as by increasing transcription efficiency and stability, these elements can significantly reduce the time and cost required for producing large quantities of recombinant proteins.
Incidence and characteristics of patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction and non‐obstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: Najib Khalid , Boateng Stephen , Sangodkar Sandeep , Mahmood Shad , Whitney Hannah , Wang Chihsiung E. , Racsa Patrick , Sanborn Timothy A.
Published: June 2015

Objectives

This study aimed to characterize the etiologies of patients presenting with myocardial infarction (MI) and found to have non‐obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD) and compare risk factors and in‐hospital mortality to those with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).

Background

Patients presenting with an MI are often found to have NOCAD defined as less than 50% luminal diameter reduction by visual estimation on coronary angiography.

Methods

This study is a retrospective analysis of a total of 2,038 patients that presented to NorthShore University HealthSystem with MI and underwent coronary angiography from 2010 to 2013.

Results

1,822 patients (89%) had CAD and 216 (11%) had NOCAD. Of the NOCAD patients, the most common etiologies were Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (28%), no alternative explanation (26%), demand ischemia (21%), myopericarditis (7%), coronary artery vasospasm (5%), and coronary artery dissection (3%). NOCAD patients were more likely to be younger and female. There was no significant difference between NOCAD and CAD patients in terms of in‐hospital mortality (3.7% vs. 4.0% respectively, OR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.5–2.3, P = 0.83 by univariate logistic regression, OR = 1.2, 95% CI 0.5–3.1, P = 0.74 by multivariable analysis).

Conclusions

CAD patients were more likely to have traditional risk factors of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, previous MI, previous revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Patients presenting with MI and NOCAD were found to have several different etiologies on coronary angiography with the most common being Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recurrent cerebral ischemia after patent foramen ovale percutaneous closure in older patients: A two‐center registry study
Authors: Scacciatella Paolo , Meynet Ilaria , Presbitero Patrizia , Giorgi Mauro , Lucarelli Carla , Zavalloni Parenti Dennis , Biava Lorenza Michela , Marra Sebastiano
Published: June 2015

Objectives

The aim of this study is to describe the cerebral ischemia recurrence rate after percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in patients older than 55 years and their outcomes, compared with younger patients.

Background

The registries data and the recent randomized trials about PFO closure are focused on patients younger than 55 years. Little is known about older patients’ long‐term outcome.

Methods

In total, 458 patients underwent PFO closure for cryptogenic cerebral ischemia and were stratified into an “older” (≥55 years, 151 patients) and a “younger” (<55 years, 307 patients) group.

Results

Older patients had mean age of 63 ± 6 years and more atrial septum aneurysm (P = 0.05), hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia (P = 0.001). Mean followup was 4.5 ± 2.8 years. Older patients had a higher rate of ischemic recurrence (0.3 vs. 4.0%, P = 0.002), after a mean time of 3.1 ± 2.6 years. The Kaplan–Meier curve confirmed higher event‐free survival in the youngers (P = 0.008). None of the patients with ischemic recurrence had significant residual shunt. Age and hypertension were correlated to ischemic recurrence, but age was the only independent predictor at multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Recurrent cerebral ischemia after PFO closure is more frequent in older patients and could most likely be associated to conditions related to age (atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation), than to paradoxical embolism. The procedure is as safe as in younger patients. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanical circulatory support with impella to facilitate percutaneous coronary intervention for post‐TAVI bilateral coronary obstruction
Authors: Frisoli Tiberio M. , Guerrero Mayra , O'Neill William W.
Published: June 2015

One of the potential complications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is coronary obstruction (CO), which can occur by displacement of heavily calcified native valve cusps against the coronary ostium. Treatment mandates immediate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to restore coronary flow and improve hemodynamics and if unsuccessful, urgent implementation of circulatory support, commonly extracorporeal, with subsequent surgical revascularization. We report a case of post‐TAVI CO for which successful emergent deployment of Impella percutaneous mechanical circulatory support to restore hemodynamic stability facilitated definitive treatment with bilateral PCI. Impella support represents an expeditious, effective, and widely available therapy to complement and facilitate PCI in the treatment of CO complicating TAVI, and may diminish requirement for urgent coronary artery bypass surgery. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RhIII‐Catalyzed C(sp3)H Bond Activation by an External Base Metalation/Deprotonation Mechanism: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Jiang Julong , Ramozzi Romain , Morokuma Keiji
Published: June 2015

The C(sp3)H bond activation of 8‐methylquinoline followed by alkyne insertion catalyzed by a RhIII complex has been studied by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Contrary to common belief, the CH bond activation of methylquinoline does not occur by the traditional intramolecular concerted metalation/deprotonation (CMD) mechanism but by an external base CMD mechanism. The use of free acetate or copper(II) acetate as base permits the CH activation step, as observed experimentally. However, the following insertion is possible only if copper(II) acetate is used. The insertion followed by metathesis occurs via a cationic RhIII complex and is irreversible, which ensures the efficiency of the entire process. Therefore the use of copper is crucial for completing the catalytic cycle. The present work should help to rationalize the origins of the experimental results described in the literature.
Sex, social status, and CRF receptor densities in naked mole‐rats
Authors: Beery Annaliese K. , Bicks Lucy , Mooney Skyler J. , Goodwin Nastacia L. , Holmes Melissa M.
Published: June 2015

Naked mole‐rats (Heterocephalus glaber) live in groups that are notable for their large size and caste structure, with breeding monopolized by a single female and a small number of males. Recent studies have demonstrated substantial differences between the brains of breeders and subordinates induced by changes in social standing. Corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) receptors—which bind the hormone CRF as well as related peptides—are important regulators of stress and anxiety, and are emerging as factors affecting social behavior. We conducted autoradiographic analyses of CRF1 and CRF2 receptor binding densities in female and male naked mole‐rats varying in breeding status. Both globally and in specific brain regions, CRF1 receptor densities varied with breeding status. CRF1 receptor densities were higher in subordinates across brain regions, and particularly in the piriform cortex and cortical amygdala. Sex differences were present in CRF2 receptor binding densities, as is the case in multiple vole species. CRF2 receptor densities were higher in females, both globally and in the cortical amygdala and lateral amygdalar nucleus. These results provide novel insights into the neurobiology of social hierarchy in naked mole‐rats, and add to a growing body of work that links changes in the CRF system with social behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:228–243, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Individual differences in cortical connections of somatosensory cortex are associated with parental rearing style in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
Authors: Seelke Adele M.H. , Perkeybile Allison M. , Grunewald Rebecca , Bales Karen L. , Krubitzer Leah A.
Published: June 2015

Early‐life sensory experiences have a profound effect on brain organization, connectivity, and subsequent behavior. In most mammals, the earliest sensory inputs are delivered to the developing brain through tactile contact with the parents, especially the mother. Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are monogamous and, like humans, are biparental. Within the normal prairie vole population, both the type and the amount of interactions, particularly tactile contact, that parents have with their offspring vary. The question is whether these early and pervasive differences in tactile stimulation and social experience between parent and offspring are manifest in differences in cortical organization and connectivity. To address this question, we examined the cortical and callosal connections of the primary somatosensory area (S1) in high‐contact (HC) and low‐contact (LC) offspring using neuroanatomical tracing techniques. Injection sites within S1 were matched so that direct comparisons between these two groups could be made. We observed several important differences between these groups. The first was that HC offspring had a greater density of intrinsic connections within S1 compared with LC offspring. Additionally, HC offspring had a more restricted pattern of ipsilateral connections, whereas LC offspring had dense connections with areas of parietal and frontal cortex that were more widespread. Finally, LC offspring had a broader distribution of callosal connections than HC offspring and a significantly higher percentage of labeled callosal neurons. This study is the first to examine individual differences in cortical connections and suggests that individual differences in cortical connections may be related to natural differences in parental rearing styles associated with tactile contact. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:564–577, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visual and instrumental assessments of color differences in automotive coatings
Authors: Gómez Omar , Perales Esther , Chorro Elísabet , Burgos Francisco J. , Viqueira Valentín , Vilaseca Meritxell , Martínez‐Verdú Francisco M. , Pujol Jaume
Published: June 2015

The interest in gonioapparent pigments (metallic, pearlescent, interference, or diffractive) has increased in the last few years, especially for applications in the automotive industry. To assure a proper characterization of colors with gonioapparent pigments, commercial devices have appeared to characterize the color in different geometries, which are called multiangle spectrophotometers. As the gonioapparent pigments and multiangle instruments are relatively new, no studies exist regarding the instrumental‐based procedure followed in the industry, and if the results provided are in agreement with the observer perception.

Consequently, the main objective of this study was to examine the correlation of the instrumental color differences with visual assessments. The instrumental color difference was calculated with the color difference formula AUDI2000 (specific for this sector) between the pairs of similar samples of three types of coated panels (solid, metallic, and pearlescent). The values measured by a telespectroradiometer in a directional lighting booth and the colorimetric values obtained by means of a multiangle spectrophotometer BYK‐mac were considered for this purpose. Additionally, a visual experiment was conducted to quantify the color difference by using the gray‐scale method.

The results revealed that an acceptable instrumental correlation existed despite the visual and the instrumental correlation being worse. In particular, it was checked that observers accepted a larger number of color pairs, that is, the visual color difference was smaller than the tolerance demanded by the industry (derived from AUDI2000). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 384–391, 2016
Magnetofluorescent Nanoaggregates Incorporating Terbium(III) Complexes as Potential Bimodal Agents for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging
Authors: Harris Michael , Carron Sophie , Vander Elst Luce , Laurent Sophie , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: June 2015

Terbium(III) ions were coordinated to two diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) amphiphilic bisamide ligands, and the complexes were assembled into micellar nanoaggregates. The magnetic and optical properties of the resulting nanoaggregates were examined in detail. Upon excitation into the ligand levels at 265 nm, the complexes show characteristic TbIII emission at 546 nm with quantum yields of up to 7.6 %. Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) measurements have shown that the transverse relaxivity r2 at 500 MHz and 310 K reaches a maximum value of 9.4 s–1 mM–1. The efficient T2 relaxivity at high magnetic field strengths is sustained by the increased rotational correlation time of the nanoaggregates and high magnetic moment of the terbium ion.
Self‐Assembled Giant Vesicles Formed by Type I [3:3]‐Hexakis Adducts of C60 Equipped with Enantiomerically Pure cyclo‐Monomalonate Addends
Authors: Ioannou Charalambos P. , Ioannou Georgios I. , Moushi Eleni E. , Velonia Kelly , Chronakis Nikos
Published: June 2015

An efficient route for the synthesis of two amphiphilic type I [3:3]‐hexakis adducts of C60 equipped with enantiopure cyclo‐monomalonate addends was explored. Studies on their self‐assembling behavior by TEM and SEM revealed that minor modification of the size and chemical nature of their glycol‐substituted monomalonate addends and, consequently, of the shape of these giant molecules significantly influences their corresponding self‐assembling architectures.
Fabrication of a Flat Tubular Segmented‐in‐series Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Decalcomania Paper
Authors: An Y.‐T. , Ji M.‐J. , Hwang H.‐J. , Choi B.‐H.
Published: June 2015

A flat tubular segmented‐in‐series (SIS) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was fabricated using decalcomania paper. The performance of a two‐cell stack with 4.5‐mm‐wide electrodes was investigated in a temperature range of 650–800 °C. The decalcomania paper allowed fabrication of the SIS‐SOFC on all sides of the flat tubular support and achieve an effective electrode area larger than that obtained using typical SOFC fabrication techniques such as screen printing or slurry coating. SEM observations revealed that each component layer was flat, uniformly thick, and well adherent to adjacent layers. Measured values of open circuit voltages were very close to the theoretical values; confirming that the processing technique utilizing decalcomania paper is suitable for SIS‐SOFC fabrication. The power densities of the two‐cell‐stack were 437.4, 375.6, 324.6, and 257.1 mW cm−2 at 800, 750, 700 and 650 °C, respectively.
Fetal cell microchimerism in papillary thyroid cancer: A role in the outcome of the disease
Authors: Cirello Valentina , Colombo Carla , Perrino Michela , De Leo Simone , Muzza Marina , Maffini Maria Antonia , Fugazzola Laura
Published: June 2015

Fetal cell microchimerism (FCM) is defined as the persistence of fetal cells in maternal organs and circulation without any apparent rejection and it was hypothesized to protect toward the onset of some neoplastic diseases. To verify the role of FCM in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), we enrolled 87 parous women with PTC and at least one male pregnancy preceding the diagnosis (PTC‐P), 66 healthy women with 1 or more male children (HC‐P) and 57 nonparous women with PTC (PTC‐NP). The presence of circulating male DNA was assessed by the amplification of the Y chromosome‐specific gene SRY, with a sensitivity of 1 male cell/1 million female cells. A significantly higher frequency of FCM was found in HC‐P than PTC‐P women (63.6% vs. 39.1%, p = 0.004). Among PTC‐P patients, those positive for the presence of FCM (FMC+ve) had a lower prevalence of extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.027) and lymph node metastases (p = 0.044) than those without FCM (FMC−ve). Moreover, FMC+ve patients were more frequently in remission than FMC−ve cases (94.1 vs. 67.9%, p = 0.009). Interestingly, we showed for the first time that the positive effect on tumor presentation and outcome is specifically related to FCM and it is not an effect of pregnancy. In conclusion, circulating FCM is significantly more frequent in healthy parous women than in women with PTC. Moreover, the presence of circulating fetal male cells is associated with a significantly lower extrathyroidal extension and a good prognosis, suggesting a protective role of this phenomenon toward both the onset and the progression of thyroid cancer.
Enhancing Conferences Using Web‐Based Asynchronous Techniques
Authors: Kasser Joseph E.
Published: June 2015

This article describes ways to enhance conferences using Web‐Based asynchronous techniques and the advantages and disadvantages as compared to a traditional synchronous face‐to‐face conference. The paper treats the development of the prototype WebConference as a case study, discusses the prototyping experiments – which used the world as a laboratory, and provides several lessons about the requirements and systems engineering processes.
The Virtual Community of Tomorrow
Authors: Franklin Jude E. , Guenterberg Sharon A.
Published: June 2015

This article explores the concept of “virtual communities,” describes the enabling technologies that will make these a reality, provides some examples of existing virtual communities, and lists references for additional information.
Track 3: An Integrated Approach to Risk Management and Risk Assessment
Authors: Robinette G. Jeffrey , Marshall Janet S.
Published: June 2015

This paper describes the work performed by the Air Force Aeronautical Systems Center (ASC) Integrated Risk Management (IRM) team in implementing the DoD risk management structure1. It also describes the implementation of the Aeronautical Systems Center's Integrated Risk Assessment (IRA) approach.

This paper discusses the three parts of an integrated risk assessment: the Technical Assessment, the Schedule Assessment and the Cost Estimate. It covers their interaction and interrelationship and the tools used in accomplishing each of the three parts. The highlights of several different risk assessments performed at ASC are presented to show contrasting implementations of the IRA approach.
Biological effect of food additive titanium dioxide nanoparticles on intestine: an in vitro study
Authors: Song Zheng‐Mei , Chen Ni , Liu Jia‐Hui , Tang Huan , Deng Xiaoyong , Xi Wen‐Song , Han Kai , Cao Aoneng , Liu Yuanfang , Wang Haifang
Published: June 2015

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely found in food‐related consumer products. Understanding the effect of TiO2 NPs on the intestinal barrier and absorption is essential and vital for the safety assessment of orally administrated TiO2 NPs. In this study, the cytotoxicity and translocation of two native TiO2 NPs, and these two TiO2 NPs pretreated with the digestion simulation fluid or bovine serum albumin were investigated in undifferentiated Caco‐2 cells, differentiated Caco‐2 cells and Caco‐2 monolayer. TiO2 NPs with a concentration less than 200 µg ml–1 did not induce any toxicity in differentiated cells and Caco‐2 monolayer after 24 h exposure. However, TiO2 NPs pretreated with digestion simulation fluids at 200 µg ml–1 inhibited the growth of undifferentiated Caco‐2 cells. Undifferentiated Caco‐2 cells swallowed native TiO2 NPs easily, but not pretreated NPs, implying the protein coating on NPs impeded the cellular uptake. Compared with undifferentiated cells, differentiated ones possessed much lower uptake ability of these TiO2 NPs. Similarly, the traverse of TiO2 NPs through the Caco‐2 monolayer was also negligible. Therefore, we infer the possibility of TiO2 NPs traversing through the intestine of animal or human after oral intake is quite low. This study provides valuable information for the risk assessment of TiO2 NPs in food. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.