bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forests as Markets
Authors: Vermeulen Pieter
Published: July 2023

This essay argues for the deep affinities between neoliberalism and environmental thought that embraces such figures as fungi, swarms, and especially trees. While critics like Rob Nixon turn to trees to promote modes of cooperative biology and plant communication as blueprints for more symbiotic forms of sociality that offer alternatives to “hyperindividualism and hyperconsumption,” they share with neoliberalism a more fundamental ontology of what Friedrich Hayek (after Michael Polanyi) calls “spontaneous order.” Drawing on recent revisionary scholarship on neoliberalism, the first half of the essay argues that neoliberalism is less usefully thought of as an individualist anthropology than as a worldview that subordinates individuals to a nontransparent and distributed higher intelligence—that of the market. The second half of the essay illustrates the uncomfortable overlap between neoliberal and environmental imaginaries through a discussion of Richard Powers’s celebrated novel The Overstory. The overwhelmingly positive reception of the novel has praised its power to embody the arboreal life cycle it represents, but it has remained curiously blind to the way the novel’s formal choices ask its characters to submit to the powers of a superior computerized intelligence—a gesture that is conspicuously close to the way neoliberalism compels individuals’ submission to nontransparent market forces. The novel and its critical reception, like particular strands in the environmental humanities more generally, show that the opposition between the environmental imagination and neoliberalism is neutralized by a shared commitment to fictions of spontaneous order.
Mechanical force regulates Sox9 expression at the developing enthesis
Authors: Subramanian Arul , Kanzaki Lauren F. , Schilling Thomas F.
Published: July 2023

Entheses transmit force from tendons and ligaments to the skeleton. Regional organization of enthesis extracellular matrix (ECM) generates differences in stiffness required for force transmission. Two key transcription factors co-expressed in entheseal tenocytes, scleraxis (Scx) and Sox9, directly control production of enthesis ECM components. Formation of embryonic craniofacial entheses in zebrafish coincides with onset of jaw movements, possibly in response to the force of muscle contraction. We show dynamic changes in scxa and sox9a mRNA levels in subsets of entheseal tenocytes that correlate with their roles in force transmission. We also show that transcription of a direct target of Scxa, Col1a, in enthesis ECM is regulated by the ratio of scxa to sox9a expression. Eliminating muscle contraction by paralyzing embryos during early stages of musculoskeletal differentiation alters relative levels of scxa and sox9a in entheses, primarily owing to increased sox9a expression. Force-dependent TGF-β (TGFβ) signaling is required to maintain this balance of scxa and sox9a expression. Thus, force from muscle contraction helps establish a balance of transcription factor expression that controls specialized ECM organization at the tendon enthesis and its ability to transmit force.
Niche cells regulate primordial germ cell quiescence in response to basement membrane signaling
Authors: McIntyre Daniel C. , Nance Jeremy
Published: July 2023

Stem cell quiescence, proliferation and differentiation are controlled by interactions with niche cells and a specialized extracellular matrix called basement membrane (BM). Direct interactions with adjacent BM are known to regulate stem cell quiescence; however, it is less clear how niche BM relays signals to stem cells that it does not contact. Here, we examine how niche BM regulates Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). BM regulates PGC quiescence even though PGCs are enwrapped by somatic niche cells and do not contact the BM; this can be demonstrated by depleting laminin, which causes normally quiescent embryonic PGCs to proliferate. We show that following laminin depletion, niche cells relay proliferation-inducing signals from the gonadal BM to PGCs via integrin receptors. Disrupting the BM proteoglycan perlecan blocks PGC proliferation when laminin is depleted, indicating that laminin functions to inhibit a proliferation-inducing signal originating from perlecan. Reducing perlecan levels in fed larvae hampers germline growth, suggesting that BM signals regulate germ cell proliferation under physiological conditions. Our results reveal how BM signals can regulate stem cell quiescence indirectly, by activating niche cell integrin receptors.
The Fgf9-Nolz1-Wnt2 axis regulates morphogenesis of the lung
Authors: Chen Shih-Yun , Liu Fu-Chin
Published: July 2023

Morphological development of the lung requires complex signal crosstalk between the mesenchymal and epithelial progenitors. Elucidating the genetic cascades underlying signal crosstalk is essential to understanding lung morphogenesis. Here, we identified Nolz1 as a mesenchymal lineage-specific transcriptional regulator that plays a key role in lung morphogenesis. Nolz1 null mutation resulted in a severe hypoplasia phenotype, including a decreased proliferation of mesenchymal cells, aberrant differentiation of epithelial cells and defective growth of epithelial branches. Nolz1 deletion also downregulated Wnt2, Lef1, Fgf10, Gli3 and Bmp4 mRNAs. Mechanistically, Nolz1 regulates lung morphogenesis primarily through Wnt2 signaling. Loss-of-function and overexpression studies demonstrated that Nolz1 transcriptionally activated Wnt2 and downstream β-catenin signaling to control mesenchymal cell proliferation and epithelial branching. Exogenous Wnt2 could rescue defective proliferation and epithelial branching in Nolz1 knockout lungs. Finally, we identified Fgf9 as an upstream regulator of Nolz1. Collectively, Fgf9-Nolz1-Wnt2 signaling represents a novel axis in the control of lung morphogenesis. These findings are relevant to lung tumorigenesis, in which a pathological function of Nolz1 is implicated.
A minimal cell model for lamellipodia-based cellular dynamics and migration
Authors: Sadhu Raj Kumar , Iglič Aleš , Gov Nir S.
Published: July 2023

One ubiquitous cellular structure for performing various tasks, such as spreading and migration over external surfaces, is the sheet-like protrusion called a lamellipodium, which propels the leading edge of the cell. Despite the detailed knowledge about the many components of this cellular structure, it is not yet fully understood how these components self-organize spatiotemporally to form lamellipodia. We review here recent theoretical works where we have demonstrated that membrane-bound protein complexes that have intrinsic curvature and recruit the protrusive forces of the cytoskeleton result in a simple, yet highly robust, organizing feedback mechanism that organizes the cytoskeleton and the membrane. This self-organization mechanism accounts for the formation of flat lamellipodia at the leading edge of cells spreading over adhesive substrates, allowing for the emergence of a polarized, motile ‘minimal cell’ model. The same mechanism describes how lamellipodia organize to drive robust engulfment of particles during phagocytosis and explains in simple physical terms the spreading and migration of cells over fibers and other curved surfaces. This Review highlights that despite the complexity of cellular composition, there might be simple general physical principles that are utilized by the cell to drive cellular shape dynamics.
Northern shrimp from multiple origins show similar sensitivity to global change drivers, but different cellular energetic capacity
Authors: Guscelli Ella , Noisette Fanny , Chabot Denis , Blier Pierre U. , Hansen Tanya , Cassista-Da Ros Manon , Pepin Pierre , Skanes Katherine R. , Calosi Piero
Published: July 2023

Species with a wide distribution can experience significant regional variation in environmental conditions, to which they can acclimatize or adapt. Consequently, the geographic origin of an organism can influence its responses to environmental changes, and therefore its sensitivity to combined global change drivers. This study aimed at determining the physiological responses of the northern shrimp, Pandalus borealis, at different levels of biological organization and from four different geographic origins, exposed to elevated temperature and low pH to define its sensitivity to future ocean warming and acidification. Shrimp sampled within the northwest Atlantic were exposed for 30 days to combinations of three temperature (2, 6 or 10°C) and two pH levels (7.75 or 7.40). Survival, metabolic rates, whole-organism aerobic performance and cellular energetic capacity were assessed at the end of the exposure. Our results show that shrimp survival was negatively affected by temperature above 6°C and low pH, regardless of their origin. Additionally, shrimp from different origins show overall similar whole-organism performances: aerobic scope increasing with increasing temperature and decreasing with decreasing pH. Finally, the stability of aerobic metabolism appears to be related to cellular adjustments specific to shrimp origin. Our results show that the level of intraspecific variation differs among levels of biological organization: different cellular capacities lead to similar individual performances. Thus, the sensitivity of the northern shrimp to ocean warming and acidification is overall comparable among origins. Nonetheless, shrimp vulnerability to predicted global change scenarios for 2100 could differ among origins owing to different regional environmental conditions.
Dynamic defence? Intertidal triplefin species show better maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential than subtidal species at low oxygen pressures
Authors: Harford Alice R. , Devaux Jules B. L. , Hickey Anthony J. R.
Published: July 2023

Oxygen is essential for most eukaryotic lifeforms, as it supports mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to supply ∼90% of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Fluctuations in O2 present a major stressor, with hypoxia leading to a cascade of detrimental physiological changes that alter cell operations and ultimately induce death. Nonetheless, some species episodically tolerate near-anoxic environments, and have evolved mechanisms to sustain function even during extended hypoxic periods. While mitochondria are pivotal in central metabolism, their role in hypoxia tolerance remains ill defined. Given the vulnerability of the brain to hypoxia, mitochondrial function was tested in brain homogenates of three closely related triplefin species with varying degrees of hypoxia tolerance (Bellapiscis medius, Forsterygion lapillum and Forsterygion varium). High-resolution respirometry coupled with fluorometric measurements of mitochondrial membrane potential (mtMP) permitted assessment of differences in mitochondrial function and integrity in response to intermittent hypoxia and anoxia. Traditional steady-state measures of respiratory flux and mtMP showed no differences among species. However, in the transition into anoxia, the tolerant species B. medius and F. lapillum maintained mtMP at O2 pressures 7- and 4.4-fold lower, respectively, than that of the hypoxia-sensitive F. varium and exhibited slower rates of membrane depolarisation. The results indicate that dynamic oxic-hypoxic mitochondria transitions underlie hypoxia tolerance in these intertidal fish.
Ανίχνευση αντιγονοειδικών αντισωμάτων έναντι λοιμωδών παραγόντων που σχετίζονται με την παθογένεια αυτοάνοσων ρευματικών και νευρολογικών παθήσεων
Authors: Μάρου Εμμανουέλα
Published: July 2023

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή μελέτησε το ρόλο των χυμικών ανοσιακών αποκρίσεων έναντι αντιγόνων του ανθρώπινου κυτταρομεγαλοϊού (HCMV) στην συστηματική σκλήρυνση (ΣΣκ), μια αυτοάνοση μη οργανοειδική ρευματική πάθηση, με απώτερο σκοπό την προσπάθεια συσχέτισης της νόσου με αντιγονοειδικές χυμικές αποκρίσεις που θα μπορούσαν να αποβούν παθοφυσιολογικά εμπλεκόμενοι. Επιδημιολογικές έρευνες ενοχοποιούν τον HCMV ως άμεσα εμπλεκόμενο στην ανάπτυξη αυτοαντισωμάτων της ΣΣκ. Σε ασθενείς με ΣΣκ έχει αναφερθεί αυξημένο ποσοστό αντισωμάτων έναντι του HCMV σε αντίθεση με υγιείς μάρτυρες ή άλλες μη σχετιζόμενες ασθένειες. Η εργασία αυτή είναι η πρώτη που εστιάζεται στην ανίχνευση αντισωμάτων εναντίον διαφόρων αντιγόνων του HCMV σε ασθενείς με ΣΣκ. Μελετήθηκαν επίσης ασθενείς με σκλήρυνση κατά πλάκας (ΣκΠ). Η ανίχνευση των αντισωμάτων κατά του HCMV έγινε με ανοσοαποτύπωση χρησιμοποιώντας ως πηγή αντιγόνων εκχύλισμα HCMV, οι πρωτεΐνες του οποίου διαχωρίστηκαν ηλεκτροφορητικά βάσει του μοριακού τους βάρους. Οι κύριες HCMV πρωτεΐνες που μελετήθηκαν είναι οι UL44, UL57, UL55, UL83, UL99, p38, που αποτελούν και τα κύρια αντιγόνα του ιού. Ο στατιστικός υπολογισμός και οι γραφικές παραστάσεις πραγματοποιήθηκαν με χρήση των λογισμικών SPSS και GraphPadPrism 5. Παρόλο που δεν παρατηρήθηκαν σημαντικές διαφορές στην συχνότητα των anti-HCMV αντισωμάτων στους ασθενείς με ΣΣκ (τόσο στο σύνολο όσο και στους υποτύπους) σε σύγκριση με τους υγιείς μάρτυρες, εν τούτοις ο τίτλος των anti-UL83, anti-UL57 και anti-UL99 αντισωμάτων ήταν αυξημένος στους ασθενείς με ΣΣκ σε σύγκριση με τους υγιείς μάρτυρες. Πιθανά ο συνδυασμός αυξημένης συχνότητας και μεγάλου αυξημένου τίτλου αντισωμάτων εναντίον συγκεκριμένων ιικών αντιγόνων ίσως να συντελεί στην απώλεια της ανοσολογικής ανοχής στις αυτοάνοσες ασθένειες όπως η Συστηματική σκλήρυνση.
Variedad castellana del español: actitudes y creencias de los bonaerenses. Algunas conclusiones sociolingüísticas.
Authors: Borzi Claudia , Gutiérrez Böhmer Sofía
Published: July 2023

El trabajo se inserta en el “Proyecto para el estudio de creencias y actitudes hacia variedades del español en el siglo XXI” (PRECAVES XXI), centrado esta vez en la valoración de bonaerenses frente a la variedad castellana. Se sigue la misma metodología que un estudio previo realizado sobre el andaluz para avanzar en la comparación de la variedad castellana con distintas variedades. Se contemplan dos tipos de identificación (exacta y general) y tres criterios de significancia: semejanza en los resultados de la identificación exacta y general; escala de valoración hacia las variedades y distancia entre valores. Como se vio en el estudio sobre las creencias del andaluz, en relación con el castellano, los bonaerenses también se inclinan hacia el polo negativo en comparación con las otras variedades, tanto en la identificación exacta como en la general. Igual valoración (negativa) asumen al enfrentarla a la propia variedad. La ampliación de la muestra de encuestados que identifican la variedad castellana de manera general permite esbozar algunas conclusiones sociolingüísticas en relación con la edad.
Toponimia de Manila desde 1898.
Authors: Joven Romero Marco Antonio
Published: July 2023

Hispanic toponymy is common in Manila and the Philippines due to historical reasons. In the following pages, I show the changes of place names present in the historical City of Manila at the end of the Spanish colonial rule in 1898, and the results are analyzed in terms of preservation and linguistic filiation: English, Spanish, Tagalog, and other languages. Defining and proper place names are distinguished, and it is concluded that 54.79% proper place names have disappeared, while 45.21% are preserved. New place names substituting disappeared proper place names tend to be Hispanic eponyms due to cultural, historical, and social reasons.
Associação entre atividade física e saúde mental durante a pandemia COVID-19: um estudo transversal
Authors: Brito Ana Tereza de Sousa , Pereira Deborah Santana Pereira , Cirilo-Sousa Maria do Socorro , Esmeraldo Anthony Pedro Igor Sales Rolim , Loiola Matheus Luna , Victor Narcélio Pinheiro
Published: July 2023

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a associação entre níveis de atividade física e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Foi elaborado um questionário online no Google Forms® com questões objetivas e abertas para avaliar as questões relacionadas à prática de atividade física e saúde mental durante o período da pandemia da COVID-19. O formulário incluiu perguntas relacionadas a aspectos sociodemográficos, nível de atividade física (IPAQ –versão curta) e análise da saúde mental dos participantes com as escalas de Ansiedade e Depressão de Beck. A associação entre atividade física e saúde mental foi estimada por meio de modelos de regressão. Cento e noventa e três pessoas responderam ao questionário (59% do sexo feminino). As mulheres apresentaram maiores níveis de ansiedade e depressão quando comparadas aos homens (p < 0,001 para todos os domínios). O risco de ter sintomas graves de ansiedade e depressivos aumentou respectivamente (OR = 4,20; IC95%: 1,25 - 14,11), e (OR = 3,16; IC95%: 1,12 - 8,91) nos participantes classificados com nível baixo de atividade física quando comparados aos quem mantêm o nível mais alto. Os homens têm menos chances de terem sintomas de ansiedade (OR= 0,23; IC95%: 0,10 - 0,55 p < 0,001) e depressão (OR = 0,33 IC95%: 0,12 - 0,88). Em suma, pode-se concluir que, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, os participantes que obtiveram alto nível de atividade física têm menos chances de apresentar sintomas graves de ansiedade e moderado de depressão.
Distribuição e qualidade de espaços públicos para atividade física de lazer em uma capital do Brasil
Authors: Borges Paula Agrizzi , Silva Juliana Ilídio da , Dourado Thalia Eloisa Pereira Sousa , Costa Dário Alves da Silva , Rocha Solimar Carnavalli , Sales Aline Dayrell Ferreira , Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza
Published: July 2023

As características físicas do ambiente podem contribuir na promoção da saúde, principalmente a disponibilidade e qualidade dos espaços públicos de lazer. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a distribuição e a qualidade dos equipamentos para atividade física de lazer em uma capital brasileira. Foram avaliados 27 espaços públicos, incluindo parques, praças e canteiros habitáveis disponíveis no raio de 1.000 metros de três polos do Programa Academia da Saúde (PAS) no município de Belo Horizonte. Em 2019, os equipamentos foram auditados por meio da aplicação da versão adaptada do Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA), que avalia a existência, qualidade, segurança, limpeza e estética dos equipamentos. Frequências absolutas e relativas foram calculadas. Dos 27 locais avaliados, 22,2% eram parques (n = 6), 70,4% praças (n = 19) e 7,4% canteiros habitáveis (n = 2). Quadras de vôlei e campos de futebol foram os equipamentos mais identificados nos parques, presentes em todos os locais analisados, enquanto academias e estações de exercício ao ar livre foram os mais comuns nas praças (89,5%; 52,9%, respectivamente). Quanto aos canteiros habitáveis, apresentaram apenas quadras de vôlei/campos de futebol. Com relação à limpeza e estética, as maiores proporções foram pichações (74,1%), lixo espalhado/sujeira (74,1%), grama alta (44,4%) e sinais de vandalismo e sujeira de animais (37,0%). A pequena diversidade e qualidade ruim dos equipamentos, e as características inadequadas de limpeza e estética dos espaços de lazer no qual se encontram, podem impedir ou dificultar o uso dos mesmos para a prática de atividade física, demonstrando assim, a necessidade de investimentos mais expressivos nesses locais.
Understanding nursing perceptions of intravenous fluid management practices
Authors: Crowe Sarah
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

Intravenous (IV) fluids are routinely used in hospitalized patients. As IV fluids are an everyday occurrence, their importance is often overlooked. Many patients receive large volumes of fluid during resuscitation to aid in the promotion of tissue perfusion. Nurses regularly administer IV fluids as part of maintenance infusions or as life-saving therapies and, therefore, need to understand these fluids' impact on their patients. Understanding nurses' existing perceptions of IV fluid management practices are crucial to improving practice.

Methods:

This study used an online survey to gather information on nursing perceptions of IV fluids. Four hundred and sixty-two Canadian nurses from diverse backgrounds were surveyed, including registered nurses, licensed practical nurses and student nurses.

Results:

The study found that the majority of participants agreed that IV fluids, including type, amount, and rationale for infusion, were important. They also agreed that fluids could impact patient outcomes. However, the study found that, despite recognizing the value and importance of fluid management, many nurses struggled with recognizing how to determine a patient's fluid status versus fluid responsiveness.

Conclusion:

This study supports improving nursing education to understand better the differences between fluid volume status and volume responsiveness. Our study also provides evidence that nurses need access to more sophisticated tools to conduct dynamic assessments and better meet patients' needs.
Single-input polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography through a catheter
Authors: Jones Georgia L. , Xiong Qiaozhou , Liu Xinyu , Bouma Brett E. , Villiger Martin
Published: July 2023

Intravascular polarimetry with catheter-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) complements the high-resolution structural tomograms of OCT with morphological contrast available through polarimetry. Its clinical translation has been complicated by the need for modification of conventional OCT hardware to enable polarimetric measurements. Here, we present a signal processing method to reconstruct the polarization properties of tissue from measurements with a single input polarization state, bypassing the need for modulation or multiplexing of input states. Our method relies on a polarization symmetry intrinsic to round-trip measurements and uses the residual spectral variation of the polarization states incident on the tissue to avoid measurement ambiguities. We demonstrate depth-resolved birefringence and optic axis orientation maps reconstructed from in-vivo data of human coronary arteries. We validate our method through comparison with conventional dual-input state measurements and find a mean cumulative retardance error of 13.2deg without observable bias. The 95% limit of agreement between depth-resolved birefringence is 2.80 · 10−4, which is less than the agreement between two repeat pullbacks of conventional PS-OCT (3.14 · 10−4), indicating that the two methods can be used interchangeably. The hardware simplification arising from using a single input state may be decisive in realizing the potential of polarimetric measurements for assessing coronary atherosclerosis in clinical practice.
An Ultranarrow Linewidth Laser for Deployable Quantum Sensors
Authors: Timmers Henry , Attar Andrew , Droste Stefan , Phillips Nate , Sodergren Bennett , Barnes Evan , Vogel Kurt , Knabe Kevin
Published: July 2023

A novel ultranarrow linewidth laser that can be operated outside the laboratory is discussed. Short-term Allan Deviations of 2E-13 and frequency noise power spectral densities below 10 Hz2/Hz at >100 Hz offset are presented.
Fourier-transform mid-IR hyperspectral imaging with undetected photons
Authors: Placke Marlon , Lindner Chiara , Kviatkovsky Inna , Chrzanowski Helen M. , Kühnemann Frank , Ramelow Sven
Published: July 2023

Quantum imaging with undetected photons allows measuring mid-infrared information with visible or near-infrared silicon-based light detection. We demonstrate a combination of quantum imaging and Fourier-transform spectral analysis for broadband high-resolution mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging.
Bragg Grating Based Frequency Reference Module for Operation in Quantum Technology Applications
Authors: Hirsch Janpeter , Schiemangk Max , Wicht Andreas
Published: July 2023

We present the design of a novel Bragg grating based frequency reference with an expected frequency accuracy of 50MHz and a tuning range of more than 20GHz optimized for potassium-based quantum technology applications.
Two-photon Lithography of Microresonators and Their Application in Heavy Metal Ion Sensing
Authors: Singh Gaurav Pratap , Jaiswal Arun , Das Rahul Kumar , Joshi Sarika , Rani Sweta , Palwe Ajinkya , Saxena Sumit , Shukla Shobha
Published: July 2023

We report the fabrication of functionalized microresonator in a single step by using two-photon lithography. Surface-engineered carbon quantum dots have been used as a sensing material in the microresonators, exhibiting affinity towards the heavy metal ion.
Microscale Sol-Gel Optical Devices Printed by Two-Photon Polymerization and Direct Laser Writing
Authors: Nun M. Bin , Bar G. , Dana Y. , Marom D. M. , Lightman S. , Atar N. , Gvishi R.
Published: July 2023

The synthesis of a sol-gel based photoresist for high precision 3D printing with two photon polymerization direct laser writing is described. The design and fabrication of a photonic lantern operating at 1550um are demonstrated.
Scanning-free Brillouin optical time domain analyzer with single-end access
Authors: Huang Linjing , Fan Xinyu , He Zuyuan
Published: July 2023

We propose a scanning-free BOTDA system with single-end access by employing the Rayleigh backscattering lightwave of a linear frequency modulated optical pulse as the probe wave to simplify the system and increase the measurement speed.
High-speed impact detection based on a dual-comb fiber Bragg grating array sensing system
Authors: Yang Jianjun , Ma Minghui , Yu Baorui , Zhao Xin , Liu Jiansheng , Zheng Zheng
Published: July 2023

Fast structure dynamics are recorded by monitoring spectral response of a dense FBG array using a dual-comb sensing system with a ~2 kHz demodulation rate . Results show great potential for high-precision real-time structure monitoring.
Integrated lithium niobate microwave photonics for high-speed analog signal processing
Authors: Feng Hanke , Ge Tong , Zhu Sha , Zhang Ke , Zhang Yiwen , Chen Zhaoxi , Wang Cheng
Published: July 2023

We report an on-chip lithium niobate microwave signal processing system that could perform temporal integration and differentiation operations for high-speed analog signals up to 92 GSa/s, enabling applications including photonic-assisted edge-feature detection of images.
Frequency of the unmodulated 778-nm rubidium clock measured in high vacuum
Authors: Chu Chi-Hsiang , Shih Yu-Jhe , Chang Po-Cheng , Luh Dah-An , Chang Ming-Shen , Liu Tz-Wei , Lin Yi-Ting , Cheng Wang-Yau
Published: July 2023

We update the frequency of a 778-nm two-photon-transition-based rubidium clock by a novel approach, where the frequency measurement is performed in high vacuum and with fitting the unperturbed spectral lineshape.
Mid-infrared 2-D Aperiodic Optical Phased Array in an InP-based Platform
Authors: Hsiao Po-Yu , Midkiff Jason , Camp Patrick , Chen Ray T.
Published: July 2023

We fabricate a 2-D aperiodic high-resolution optical phased array, which includes a multi-mode interferometer light-splitting tree, thermally isolated thermo-optic phase shifters, and total internal reflection mirror emitters in an InGaAs/InP platform for 2-D beam steering.
Deep Subwavelength Slotted Photonic Crystals Fabricated in a Monolithic Silicon Photonics Technology
Authors: Arnold Kellen P. , Allen Joshua A. , Halimi Sami I. , Ryder Landen D. , Afzal Francis O. , Bian Yusheng , Aboketaf Abdelsalam , Dezfulian Kevin , Rakowski Michal , Augur Rod , Hirokawa Takako , Nummy Karen , Weiss Sharon M.
Published: July 2023

We report deep subwavelength-engineered slotted photonic crystal nanobeams with minimum features <70 nm fabricated using a 90 nm monolithic silicon photonics technology at GlobalFoundries. This work enables potential for scalable, advanced integrated photonics applications.
A compact silicon photonic quantum coherent receiver with deterministic phase control
Authors: Gurses Volkan , Davis Samantha I. , Knabe Esme , Valivarthi Raju , Spiropulu Maria , Hajimiri Ali
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate a quantum-limited silicon photonic coherent receiver with 26.0 dB shot noise clearance, 34.6 µW knee power, and 0.00200 mm
2
chip area. We measure squeezed vacuum with the integrated receiver and demonstrate phase-locking to the squeezed quadrature.
Deployment of Ground-based LHR Sensor for Greenhouse Gas Vertical Profile Measurements
Authors: Flores Monica M. , Bomse David S. , Gomez Anthony L. , Miller J. Houston
Published: July 2023

Construction and automation of an observatory dome and LHR instrument for simultaneous detection of CO2, CH4, and H2O.
Absolute Abundance Measurements of Molecular Species in a Plasma Reactor with Non-Uniform Temperature using Optical Frequency Comb Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
Authors: Sadiek Ibrahim , Fleisher Adam J. , Lang Norbert , van Helden Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2023

We perform optical frequency comb Fourier transform spectroscopy of molecules in a plasma reactor with non-uniform temperature. An N2 + H2 + CH4 plasma is a model system for spectroscopy of extreme non-thermal environments.
High-Speed and High-Precision Ranging System for Non-Cooperative Targets based on Optical Frequency Comb
Authors: Dong Lizong , Mi Qinggai , Zhou Siyu , Wu Guanhao
Published: July 2023

We propose an asynchronous sampling ranging method of electric pulse based on optical frequency comb for non-cooperative targets. It can achieve a precision of 53 μm at an update rate of 500 kHz.
Online Inspection of Microbial with an Opto-Microfluidic Chip
Authors: Zhang J. B. , Wu W. S. , Soh W. M. , Natesan P. B. , Yap E. P. H. , Zhang B. , Shen Z. X. , Xie X. , Liu A. Q.
Published: July 2023

One automatic on-line inspection system with the key element of laser opto-micro-chip detection is presented. The optics is optimized for the channel. With physical fingerprints, targeted waterborne microbial can be identified in real-time and label-free manner.
Emission spectra of octaethylporphyrin dissolved in liquid toluene and a tripropylene glycol diacrylate polymer matrix
Authors: Avramenko Aleksandr G. , Spiehs Mindy
Published: July 2023

Emission spectra of octaethylporphyrin is reported in liquid toluene solution and a rigid polymer matrix. The results of this study suggest that the lifetime of the triplet state of octaethylporphyrin increases in the polymer matrix.
Full-time On-line Tide Monitoring based on Highly Sensitive Optic Fiber Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Authors: Chen Junfeng , Ai Ke , Li Hao , Xiao Xiangpeng , Yan Baoqiang , Yan Zhijun , Sun Qizhen
Published: July 2023

Tide observation is an important part of marine engineering survey. We propose and demonstrate a new-type on-line tide monitoring system based on fiber distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), whose field test has shown its great prospect.
High power and high modulation bandwidth deepultraviolet LEDs with microcavities and reflectors
Authors: Yu Huabin , Wang Danhao , Sun Haiding
Published: July 2023

In this work, we fabricated a deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode with SiO2-based microcavity, which can enlarge the light output power and modulation bandwidth, eventually facilitating to establish viable high-speed optical wireless communication systems.
Photonic Characteristics of U-shape Micro Light-Emitting Diodes and Their Integration with Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Huang Bo-Ming , Jao Yu-Ming , Lin Fang-Zhong , Lee Guan-Ying , Huang Chung-Ping , Kuo Hao-Chung , Lin Chien-Chung
Published: July 2023

An InGaN U-shape micro LED is fabricated and integrated with colloidal quantum dots. The extracted SRH coefficient showed a 3.2-time increase of surface recombination velocity, while the lifetime of the quantum dot layer is extended 16 fold due to less thermal stress.
Optical Phase Insensitive Off-axis Operation of the Hybrid Opto-electronic Correlator for Ultra-fast Shift, Scale, and Rotation Invariant Target Recognition
Authors: Gamboa Julian , Hamidfar Tabassom , Shen Xi , Shahriar Selim M.
Published: July 2023

We report on off-axis operation of the hybrid opto-electronic correlator whereby the scale, rotation and shift invariant image recognition process becomes insensitive to variations in optical path lengths, thus making it extremely robust against vibrations.
Compact Mueller matrix Microscope based on chip integrated full-Stokes polarimetric imaging sensor
Authors: Zuo Jiawei , Babu Ashutosh Bangalore Aravinda , Tian Mo , Faruque Hossain Mansur Resalat , Bai Jing , Choi Shinhyuk , Yao Yu
Published: July 2023

We report a compact, dual-color Mueller matrix microscope based on a chip-integrated CMOS polarization imaging sensor. Our system provides high accuracy polarization imaging and Mueller matrix imaging.
Electro-Optic Imaging Millimeter-Wave Propagation On-Wafer
Authors: Bosworth Bryan T. , Jungwirth Nick R. , Cheron Jerome , Quinlan Franklyn , Orloff Nathan D. , Long Christian J. , Feldman Ari
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate an electro-optic imaging system for millimeter-waves propagating along a coplanar waveguide. Using dual optical frequency combs and a polarization resolved microscope, we image signals with bandwidth >100 GHz and >48 dB dynamic range.

Work of the US Government and not subject to copyright.
Multispectral Routers for Snapshot Spectral Imaging
Authors: Catrysse Peter B. , Fan Shanhui
Published: July 2023

We introduce multispectral routers for snapshot spectral imaging. Multispectral routers, unlike filters, do not reject light to select spectral content and can achieve ideal spectral selectivity without loss of photons within a wavelength size footprint.
High resolution, low noise and full color single pixel imaging camera using cyclic patterns
Authors: Khaleghi Seyed Saleh Mousavi , Balendhran Sivacarendran , Azar Nima Sefidmooye , Sulejman Shaban , Roberts Ann , Crozier Kenneth B.
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate a high resolution (1024 × 768 px), low noise, full color, and computationally simple single pixel imaging system using cyclic patterns that scroll down the digital micromirror device.
Neural network-based virtual staining of defocused autofluorescence images of label-free tissue
Authors: Zhang Yijie , Huang Luzhe , Liu Tairan , Cheng Keyi , de Haan Kevin , Li Yuzhu , Bai Bijie , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: July 2023

We present a virtual staining framework to rapidly stain defocused autofluorescence images of label-free tissue. This technique saves image acquisition time by lowering the autofocusing precision of a microscope without sacrificing the virtual staining quality.
Probing the OAM Spectrum of Atmospheric Turbulence at Short Time Scales with OAM-Based Wavelets
Authors: Free Justin , Dai Kunjian , Vanderschaaf Liam , Cox Michael , Miller J. Keith , Acevedo Cristian Hernando , Eshagi Mahdi , Dogariu Aristide , Watkins Richard J. , Johnson Eric G.
Published: July 2023

Experimental results for the OAM spectrum of a beam after propagating through a three-dimensional turbulent volume are obtained by probing with OAM-based wavelets. The turbulence appears frozen during the probing sequence, giving new insight into the OAM spectrum of turbulence at short time scales.
Observing a Luminescence of Dissolved Oxygen Under Direct Laser Excitation
Authors: Kosterev Anatoliy A.
Published: July 2023

A multimode diode laser at 1270 nm is used to excite oxygen molecules dissolved in 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane. A subsequent luminescence of singlet oxygen is detected using a photodiode with 1 mm diameter of active area.
Bidirectional transport of nanoparticles by micro capillaries with bowtie cores
Authors: Feng Weinan , Li Xuecheng , Tsubokawa Makoto
Published: July 2023

A new fiber optic capillary structure for single-end-controlled nanoparticle transport was proposed by adjusting incident wavelengths. Two bowtie cores combined with the capillary allow for the confinement of light intensity inside an ultrasmall area.
Single-cavity dual-comb modelocking and applications
Authors: Phillips Christopher R. , Willenberg Benjamin , Pupeikis Justinas , Keller Ursula
Published: July 2023

We show that dual-comb laser sources with two optical frequency combs with different comb spacings are of high interest for many applications. Our group pioneered single-cavity dual-comb modelocking with polarization or spatial multiplexing which enabled record low-noise performance with high average power from diode-pumped Yb-doped solid-state lasers and optically pumped semiconductor lasers.
A Selective Benzene, Acetylene, and Carbon Dioxide Sensor near 14.84 µm
Authors: Mhanna Mhanna , Sy Mohamed , Elkhazraji Ali , Farooq Aamir
Published: July 2023

A laser sensor is developed for selective sensing of benzene, acetylene, and carbon dioxide, based on a newly developed QCL near 14.84 µm. TDLAS and multidimensional linear regression were employed to enable interference-free measurements.
Real-time hyperspectral video understanding via universal metasurface encoders
Authors: Makarenko Maksim , Burguete-Lopez Arturo , Wang Qizhou , Getman Fedor , Giancola Silvio , Ghanem Bernard , Fratalocchi Andrea
Published: July 2023

We here present Hyplex™, an artificial i ntelligent h ardware a nd software optoelectronic platform for acquiring and processing high-resolution hyperspectral videos at 30 frames per second. We will illustrate the implementation and various applications in the field.
Metasurface-integrated optofluidic sensing enabled by artificial vision intelligence for identifying liquid chemicals
Authors: Li Hongliang , Kim Jin Tae , Kim Jin-Soo , Choi Duk-Yong , Lee Sang-Shin
Published: July 2023

The currently used liquid identification techniques are costly, cumbersome, and spectrometer-reliant. In this study, a compact, accurate, and cost-effective method for identifying liquids was presented using visual intelligence algorithms and a metasurface-incorporated optofluidic device incorporated.
Infrared micro-reflectance of small-area detectors for Earth energy imbalance measurements
Authors: McArdle Patrick , Tomlin Nathan , Yung Chris , Lehman John , Stephens Michelle
Published: July 2023

We have developed a low-cost setup for absolute infrared micro-reflectance to measure microstructures (< 1 mm). This setup is designed to characterize carbon nanotube microbolometers for use in space-based global energy imbalance measurements.
Tunable Twyman-Green Interferometry for Motion-Free Simultaneous Thickness and Refractive Index Measurements
Authors: Imeri Arjent , Reza Syed Azer
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we propose a novel bulk motion-free tunable and actively-controlled Twyman-Green interferometer for simultaneously estimating the refractive in-dex and thickness of transparent glass block samples.
High Spatial Resolution Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging of Murine Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Tissues
Authors: Chakraborty Debamitra , Mills Bradley N. , Cheng Jing , Komissarov Ivan , Gerber Scott , Sobolewski Roman
Published: July 2023

We developed a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system to generate high-resolution 2-dimensional images of paraffin-embedded murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues using the refractive index and absorption coefficient as imaging markers and compared them with histopathological images.
Linn Mollenauer, Solitons in Birefringent Optical Fibers, and PMD
Authors: Menyuk Curtis R.
Published: July 2023

My principal interactions with Linn centered around understanding the impact that randomly varying birefringence and polarization mode dispersion has on solitons in optical fibers. I describe this early work, its motivation, and some later work.
Integrated active lithium niobate photonic devices
Authors: Fang Zhiwei , Lin Jintian , Wu Rongbo , Chen Jinming , Liu Zhaoxiang , Zhang Haisu , Wang Min , Qiao Lingling , Cheng Ya
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate integrated active lithium niobate photonic devices including high-gain waveguide amplifiers and electro-optically tunable single-frequency micro-lasers fabricated using photolithography assisted chemo-mechanical etching technique.
Inducing Magnetism in LiNbO3
Authors: Nielson Megan F. , Alejandro Aldair , Ho Sin-hang (Enoch) , Lutz Matthew , Moss Clayton D. , Johnson Jeremy A.
Published: July 2023

With circularly polarized terahertz pulses, we excite a pair of degenerate perpendicularly polarized phonons in LiNbO3. The resulting circular ionic motion induces a magnetic field in LiNbO3, which is measured through the Faraday effect.
Euler-Elastica Variational Model for Pulsed Terahertz 3D Imaging
Authors: Zhang Yiyao , Chen Ke , Yang Shang-Hua
Published: July 2023

The variational Euler-Elastica model is developed for high-precision terahertz 3D tomographic applications. Our method provides a new approach to mitigate diffraction-limited terahertz reconstructed images with noises and demonstrates the efficient practicality with limited THz datasets.
Efficient Broadband THz Generation from New Standards in Optical Rectification
Authors: Green Natalie K. , Palmer Bruce Wayne , Rader Claire , Ho Sin-Hang Enoch , Zaccardi Zachary B. , Ludlow Daisy J. , Lutz Matthew J. , Alejandro Aldair , Nielson Megan F. , Valdivia-Berroeta Gabriel A. , Chartrand Caitlin , Peterson Paige , Michaelis David J. , Johnson Jeremy A.
Published: July 2023

We present the optical and THz properties of highly efficient organic nonlinear optical crystals PNPA and MNA. These crystals outperform industry standards in broadband THz generation through optical rectification of IR light pulses.
Full-field spectral-temporal analysis unveils isomeric dynamics of soliton quintet complexes
Authors: Liu Haoguang , Sun Yixiang , Liu Yusong , Huang Siyun , Wu Zhuang , Yan Lisong , Luo Yiyang , Sun Qizhen , Shum Perry Ping
Published: July 2023

Soliton compounds present versatile and sophisticated intra-molecule assemblies. Here, we experimentally characterize manifold isomeric scenarios of soliton quintets, intensively paving a novel route for full-field reconstruction and further manipulation of soliton complexes.
First observation of plasmon-enhanced harmonic generation driven by a mid-IR laser in a single metallic funnel structure
Authors: Wang Lifeng , Han Seunghwoi , Wu Yi , Chang Zenghu
Published: July 2023

We have experimentally observed plasmon-enhanced third and fifth harmonic generation in a gas-filled single funnel structure driven by a mid-IR laser for the first time, paving the way to generate coherent XUV at a high repetition rate.
An Integrated Approach to Third-order Parametric Down-conversion
Authors: Banic Milica , Liscidini Marco , Sipe J. E.
Published: July 2023

We propose an integrated platform for the deterministic generation of non-Gaussian states by third-order parametric down-conversion. We suggest an approach to its experimental demonstration by photon triplet detection, predicting a rate up to 100 Hz.
Quantum Enhanced Probes of Spontaneous Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking
Authors: Lawrie Benjamin J. , Hua Chengyun , Hong Seongjin , Pai Yun-Yi , Feldman Matthew , Marvinney Claire E. , Pooser Raphael , Marino Alberto
Published: July 2023

We describe a theoretical framework and initial experimental evidence for quantum-enhanced magneto-optical microscopies capable of probing spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking in topological materials with
10 nrad/Hz sensitivity at temperatures down to 83 mK.
Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements Using Entangled-Photon Coincidences
Authors: Eshun Audrey , Yi Xiyu , Wilson Ashleigh , Jeppson Sam , Kiannejad Shervin , Rushford Mike , Bond Tiziana , Laurence Ted
Published: July 2023

We have utilized entangled photon pair coincidences to measure the fluorescence lifetime of the organic dye Rhodamine 6G, allowing lifetime measurements to be conducted at low intensities with a CW laser and without ultrafast pulsed lasers.
Reshaping a simple lattice into nontrivial topological phase by Floquet on-site drives
Authors: Wang Zhaoyuan , Huang Xiaoqin , Hu Yi , Kang Qianqian , Li Jiaxin , Gong Zeyu , Chen Zhigang , Xu Jingjun
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate an on-site driving protocol to reshape a simple photonic lattice into Floquet topological phase. Our approach can be extended to endow topological properties to a host of materials trivial in the static regime.
Towards superradiant spontaneous four wave mixing in an array of silicon microresonators
Authors: Borghi Massimo , Sabattoli Federico Andrea , El Dirani Houssein , Youssef Laurene , Petit-Etienne Camille , Pargon Erwine , Sciancalepore Corrado , Sipe J.E. , Mataji-Kojouri Amideddin , Liscidini Marco , Galli Matteo , Bajoni Daniele
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate cooperative spontaneous four wave mixing in an array of silicon resonators, in which the photon pair generation rate is enhanced with respect to the incoherent sum of the rates of the individual emitters.
Evaluation of α-parameter of 1.55-αm-band QD-LD during lasing operation with external injection locking
Authors: Matsumoto A. , Umezawa T. , Nakajima S. , Akahane K.
Published: July 2023

We report the α parameter of 1.55-μm-band quantum dot laser during lasing operation by the method of external injection locking. It was as low as 0.58, which was lower than that of a typical MQW-LD.
Rapid Design and Fabrication of Grating Chips for Magneto-Optical Trapping of Atoms
Authors: Deshpande Sanket , Huft Preston , Safari Akbar , Fang Chengyu , Yu Zhaoning , Oh Eunji , Saffman Mark , Kats Mikhail A.
Published: July 2023

We present a framework to optimize the design of grating chips to maximize the atom number in a grating-based magneto-optical trap (MOT). We evaluate the robustness of a grating-MOT against experimental parameters such as magnetic fields, laser intensity, etc. We also demonstrate a fast fabrication process for grating chips using laser lithography.
Efficient Power Transfer via Induced Virtual Critical Coupling in an Overcoupled Silicon Nitride Microresonator
Authors: Hinney Jakob , Kim Seunghwi , Flatt Graydon J. K. , Datta Ipshita , Alù Andrea , Lipson Michal
Published: July 2023

We induce virtual critical coupling in an overcoupled photonic microresonator using complex-frequency pulses. We observe efficient cavity storage as an incident pulse of time constant 138 ps suppresses the resonant transmission from 0.58 to 0.11.
An attosecond precision balanced timing detector using single photodetector
Authors: Wang Tong , Sun Chongwu , Li Mingzhe , Zhang Yi , Ren Qun , Xin Ming
Published: July 2023

An attosecond-precision balanced timing detector using a single photodetector is demonstrated. The electronic noise during photodetection is well suppressed and a detection floor of 5×10-10 fs2/Hz is achieved with 1.4 mW input power.
Single-Pass Configuration mW-Class Broadband Mid-Infrared Comb Using a Waveguide-Type PPLN Crystal
Authors: Mitsumoto Ryo , Kuse Naoya , Inoue Kazuki , Nakajima Yoshiaki , Yasui Takeshi , Minoshima Kaoru , Yoshii Kazumichi
Published: July 2023

We generated a broadband mid-infrared comb of 2.4-4.6 μm with an output of 4.2 mW based on an Er:fiber comb as a fundamental light using a waveguide-type PPLN crystal. This system is robust due to its single-pass configuration.
Experimental Realization of an Extremely Low-cost Quadrature Optical Interferometer
Authors: Melody Tanner M. , Patel Krishna H. , Nguyen Peter K. , Smallwood Christopher L.
Published: July 2023

We report on the construction and characterization of a quadrature-detected optical interferometer that can be assembled on a budget of less than US$500, and in which quadrature detection is achieved by means of polarization control.
Carrier Conversion from 100-GHz THz Wave to Dual-Wavelength Optical Carrier Injection-Locked to Optical Comb Modes Using Electro-Optical Polymer Modulator for Photonic THz Detection
Authors: Matsumura Y. , Hase E. , Tokizane Y. , Fujikata J. , Kishikawa H. , Haraguchi M. , Okamura Y. , Kaji T. , Otomo A. , Kanno A. , Hisatake S. , Kuse N. , Yasui T.
Published: July 2023

Photonic THz detection is a key in next-generation wireless communication (6G) to go beyond the upper frequency limit of existing wireless electronics. We present THz-to-optical carrier conversion, enabling photonic THz detection of 6G wireless carrier.
Multi-wavelength Raman Random Fiber Laser Using a Microfiber Knot Resonator
Authors: Shen Ming , Li Yanxin , Li Qianying , Shu Xuewen
Published: July 2023

We report a novel 1650 nm multi-wavelength Raman random fiber laser using a microfiber knot resonator. Up to 44 wavelength channels within 3 dB bandwidth are achieved.