bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression During C2C12 Differentiation
Authors: Storaasli Zoe , Zhao Yan , Touma Marlin
Published: July 2024

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common types of birth defect and is very poorly understood. To comprehend this disease better, the normal genetic expression associated with myocyte differentiation must be mapped out. This gives a deeper understanding of how cardiomyocytes (cardiac muscle cells) divide and specialize, which can contribute to understanding the mechanisms of CHD better. The workflow of this specific project began with culturing C2C12 mouse muscle myoblast cells and harvesting them at six different time points: 50% confluency, 100% confluency, 24-hours postdifferentiation, 48-hour postdifferentiation, 72-hour postdifferentiation, and 96-hour postdifferentiation. The expression levels of MyoD1, Myogenin, MyoM2, MyoZ2, GATA4, TbX5, NKX2.5, Ki67, Tcap, and RBFox1 were then measured and compared with qPCR. It was expected that those gene markers associated with muscle differentiation and structure would increase in expression levels over time while those markers associated with cell proliferation would decrease in expression levels. The qPCR showed the expected induction of myogenic differentiation marker genes, with the following deviation: MyoD1 expression did not increase during differentiation, and cardiogenesis markers did not follow a clear expression pattern during differentiation. Future studies on human-induced pluripotent stem cells differentiation to cardiomyocytes are needed to understand the patterns of gene expression in cardiomyocytes compared to skeletal myocytes. The outcomes of these studies may contribute to a deeper understanding of heart development and abnormalities in patients with CHD, and may improve diagnosis and treatment methods.
Comparative Analysis of Health Outcomes Between Migrants and Native Spaniards
Authors: Libanati John Paul
Published: July 2024

In 2012, Spain enacted a law which changed its Universal Health System from ensuring government funded healthcare for all residents, regardless of immigration status, to restricting migrant healthcare access. This study investigates health records from 2017, one year before this restrictive legislation was repealed, to determine if such legislative action coincides with disparities in health outcomes between migrants to Spain and native Spaniards. Because a health record analysis from 2012 suggests that migrants in Spain exhibited poorer overall health even before the legislative restrictions, we hypothesized that migrant communities would continue to demonstrate lower health outcomes than native Spaniards while these restrictions were enforced. We extracted nationality and health data from the Spanish Ministry of Health’s 2017 National Health Survey. We grouped thirteen health sub-indicators into four main health indicators to compare the general physical and mental well-being of migrants and native Spaniards. These main indicators included disease prevalence, risk factors for future infirmities, mental health, and self-perceived health. After quantifying interviewees’ responses, we compared population means of migrants and natives for each sub-indicator through an unpaired t-test of means to determine trend significance. We integrated the results of sub-indicator comparisons to determine overall trends in the four main indicators. With only one exception, all eight sub-indicators for disease prevalence demonstrated decreased prevalence among migrant populations which indicates lower overall disease for migrants compared to native Spaniards. This trend continued for self-perceived health as well as all sub- indicators used to assess mental health and predisposition to future illnesses. These results suggest that migrants in Spain are healthier than their native counterparts. The better health outcomes experienced by the migrants relative to native Spaniards contradict our hypothesis. Nevertheless, previous findings explain these results as demonstrative of an established phenomenon, the “healthy migrant effect,” in which migrants typically demonstrate higher healthcare outcomes than their native counterparts. The observed “healthy migrant effect” despite legislative restrictions on migrant healthcare access, as well as the effect’s apparent disappearance during the aftermath of Spain’s 2008 economic recession, suggests that the health disparities between migrants and natives correlated more directly with a nation’s economic well-being than their legislative actions.
Om teori og praktik i lærerprofessionen og læreruddannelserne i Danmark
Authors: Callewaert Staf
Published: July 2024

I anledning af en konference for Danmarks skolelærere omkring år 2002 forberedtes et oplæg om forholdet mellem teori og praktik i lærerprofessionen og læreruddannelserne i Danmark, perspektiveret til de tyske og svenske uddannelser.
Som en forudsætning for diskussionen gennemgås dele af Bourdieus teori om praktikken der bl a understreger at teori og praktik har helt forskellig logik og ikke kan reduceres til en delmængde af den anden. Vigtigst i sammenhængen at praktik ikke kan reduceres til teori (uanset i hvilken form) ført ud i livet. Men forholdet mellem teori og praksis i professionssammenhænge er ikke primært et spørgsmål om to former for fornuft, den teoretiske og den praktiske, og deres forskellige logikker. Det er primært et spørgsmål om den sociale magt over viden som en del af den sociale magt over kunnen, om sociale distinktioner skjult bag intellektuelle distinktioner, og om at enhver form for selvforvaltning af et virke er indlejret i en fremmedforvaltning af et system.
Det diskuteres hvordan en internt udviklet, videnskabsfjendtlig forståelse særegen for lærerprofession og læreruddannelser af forholdet mellem teori og praktik og af begrebet teori systematisk bortser fra de givne sociale omstændigheder og i stedet implicerer en forskning som udvikler netop en sådan form for teori, og samtidig indebærer at den enkelte lærer fratages privilegiet at udvikle sin praktiske gerning under de givne omstændigheder i klasseværelset som ellers betinger de praktiske handlinger. Og det diskuteres hvilke konsekvenser det har at udviklingen af foreskrivende teori for lærernes praktiske gerning forestås af et elitært korps af forskere som ikke selv underviser, men befinder sig på behørig afstand af det praktiske arbejde på fx Danmarks Pædagogiske Universitet, nu del af Aarhus Universitet: Udviklingen i en New Public Management-ånd af et korps af udskiftelige kortuddannede generalister, forvaltere af en centralt formuleret undervisningsideologi. I ét ord: deprofessionalisering; det som kaldes professionalisme, består i at gøre sig selv ansvarlig for resultatet af en proces andre kontrollerer.
Diskussionerne i artiklen indgår i et pågående forsøg på at udvikle en original teori om professionspraksis, om læring af professionspraksis og om videnskabs betydning for praksis.
Türkçe Dersinde Dijital Metinlerin Kullanımına İlişkin Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Görüşleri
Authors: Demirbaş İrem , Akyol Hayati
Published: July 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkçe dersinde dijital metinlerin kullanımına ilişkin sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden “durum çalışması” deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada çalışma grubu, Tokat İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü Merkez İlçe Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı ilkokullarda görev yapan sınıf öğretmenleridir. Veriler anket formu, görüşme formu ve gözlem formu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Türkçe dersinde dijital metinlerin kullanımına ilişkin sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşleri dört tema altında toplanmaktadır. Bunlar; teknolojiyi kullanma durumları, kavram olarak dijital metin, dijital metinlerin derste kullanılması, dijital metin özellikleridir. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin Türkçe dersinde teknolojiyi kendilerini yetkin görmemelerine rağmen kullandıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin dijital metin kavramına yükledikleri anlamlar teknoloji ile hazırlanan ve elektronik ortamda gösterilen metinler olarak ifade edilmektedir. Sınıf öğretmenleri dijital metinleri derslerinde kullandıklarını görüşüne sahiptir. Ancak gözlem bulguları bunun tam tersini göstermektedir. Sınıf öğretmenleri dijital metin özelliklerini olumlu bulmaktadır. Bütün bu sonuçlardan hareketle öğretmenlerin hem dijital metin konusunda bilgi sahibi olması hem de bilgiyi uygulanabilir şekliyle görmesi için MEB tarafından hizmetiçi eğitim verilmesi, proje desteği sağlanabilir.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Sessiz Kitap Kullanımı: Bir Durum Çalışması
Authors: Çelebi Sema , Yazıcı Dila Nur , Akman Berrin
Published: July 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the views of preschool teachers on wordless books, and the use of wordless books by preschool teachers. The study method was explanatory case study, a qualitative research method. The study group was assigned with criterion sampling method, a purposive sampling method, and included eight preschool teachers. Data were collected with semi-structured interviews and document review. Content analysis was employed to analyze the study data. It was determined that the teachers generally described wordless books as a subjective process that included visuals, which led to the development of various stories. Furthermore, it was determined that wordless books supported language, cognitive, social, and emotional development of the children, and were easy to use by the children. It was observed that the teachers employed wordless books mostly in the classroom and in art and Turkish language activities, and instructed them with the interactive book reading method. It was concluded that the method was not included in the activity plans, and open-ended and 5W1H questions were mostly included in the process. It was determined that teacher competencies were important for the effective use of wordless books. The findings are discussed based on the literature, and recommendations are presented.
Alt Sosyoekonomik Bağlamda Ailelerin Sundukları Ev Erken Okuryazarlık Deneyimlerinin Betimlenmesi
Authors: Harmandar Ergül Dilara , Arıkan Arzu
Published: July 2024

Her çocuk ev ortamında farklı deneyimler yaşamakta ve erken okuryazarlık becerilerini aynı oranda geliştirme imkânı bulamamaktadır. Bu araştırmada da özellikle dezavantajlı koşullarda yaşayan çocukların sorunlarından hareketle alt sosyoekonomik katmandan ailelerin çocuklarına sundukları ev erken okuryazarlık deneyimlerinin betimlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, ilk yazarın yüksek lisans tezi kapsamında elde ettiği veri setinden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcılarını 5-6 yaş çocuğu olan 286 ebeveyn oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri Ev Erken Okuryazarlık Ortamı Ölçeği ve Demografik Bilgi Formu ile toplanmıştır. Veri analizinde t-testi, Mann-Whitney U testi ve ANOVA testlerine başvurulmuştur. Bulgular alt sosyoekonomik katmanda çocuklarına zengin deneyim sunan ailelerin sayıca sınırlı kaldığını, sesbilgisel ve yazı farkındalığı boyutunda orta düzeyde; okuma, yazma ve birlikte kitap okuma boyutlarında yetersiz deneyim sunduklarını göstermiştir. Ebeveynlerin eğitim düzeyleri ve çocukların okul öncesi eğitim süreleri arttıkça ailelerin okuma ve birlikte kitap okuma boyutlarında sundukları deneyimler artmıştır. Yazma deneyimleri kız çocuğu olan ailelerin lehine, sesbilgisel/yazı farkındalığı ise okul öncesi eğitim süresine göre farklılaşmıştır.
Beceri Temelli Türkçe Dersi Sınavları: Sahadaki İlk Uygulama Örnekleri
Authors: Ercan Merve , Doğan Kahtalı Bahar
Published: July 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı beceri temelli Türkçe dersi sınav sorularını ve yönergelerini derinlemesine incelemektir. Araştırmada durum çalışması deseninden yararlanılmıştır ve Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin batısında bulunan bir büyükşehirde 10 farklı okuldan edinilen altıncı sınıf Türkçe dersi yazılı sınav soruları ve uygulama sınavı yönergeleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma verileri; araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan yapılandırılmış formlar aracılığıyla elde edilmiş, içerik analizi ve betimsel analizle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda incelenen soru ve yönergelerin; çoğunlukla kazanımlarla ilişkili olduğu ancak becerilere göre kazanımlar özelinde eşit bir biçimde dağılım göstermediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomisi’ne göre ise ölçülmesi hedeflenen beceriler bağlamında öne çıkan bilişsel düzeyler olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca araştırmada okuma/yazma ve dinleme soru ve yönergelerindeki metin türlerinde öne çıkan türün hikâye edici, ihmal edilen türün ise şiir olduğu; okuma/yazma sınavlarında ve dinleme uygulama sınavlarında açık uçlu ve kısa yanıtlı soru türlerine yer verildiği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Dil Becerilerini Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Sürecinde Türkçe Öğretmenlerinin Karşılaştıkları Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: Sallabaş Muhammed Eyyüp , Kiler Baran
Published: July 2024

Araştırmada, dil becerilerini ölçme ve değerlendirme sürecine ilişkin Türkçe öğretmenlerinin karşılaştıkları sorunları ve çözüm önerilerini tespit etmek amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma, nitel yaklaşımlar arasında yer alan olgu bilim deseni ile tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’nda çalışan 15 Türkçe öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları ile toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, betimsel analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda dil becerilerini ölçme ve değerlendirme sürecinde yaşanan sorunlar ve ilgili sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerileri; öğretmen, öğrenci, ortam, ders kitabı, aile ve öğretim programı olmak üzere altı ana kategoride toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda dil becerilerinin ölçülmesi ve değerlendirilmesine ilişkin çok sayıda soruna ve çözüm önerisine ulaşılmıştır.
Control and intermediate scrambling: An investigation of Kazakh relative clauses
Authors: Ótott-Kovács Eszter
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates apparent locality violations in Kazakh (Turkic) relative clauses. The empirical starting point of this study is the configuration where the genitive-marked relative clause subject establishes agreement with the noun phrase modified by the relative clause, constituting an ostensibly non-local Agree relation, a phenomenon that is common among Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic and Finno-Ugric languages. Contra previous proposals arguing that the subject is situated inside a defective relative clause and it gets case from the D head of the modified noun phrase, this paper proposes a novel analysis of this phenomenon: the genitive phrase is base-generated in the possessor position and it controls a PRO subject in the relative clause. After establishing that the genitive “subjects” are relative clause-external, the paper turns to extraction out of the relative clause: RC constituents can undergo intermediate scrambling to the left of the genitive-marked phrase. This is unexpected under the assumption that relative clauses are strong islands for extraction. The paper suggests that this type of RC allows extraction because it is not an adjunct.
O (ne)mogućnosti revolucije za djecu: motiv Petrice Kerempuha u hrvatskoj dječjoj književnosti
Authors: Zima Dubravka
Published: July 2024

The title of the paper is a semantic reference to the treatment of the character of Petrica Kerempuh in Croatian children’s literature in reference to Krleža’s aesthetic “revolu-tion” in dealing with this topic in Croatian literature. The paper analyses and interprets four treatments of the motif of Petrica Kerempuh in Croatian children’s literature: Dragutin Domjanić in Petrica Kerempuh and the Smart Donkey, 1921; Milan Ogrizović in Little Petrica Kerempuh Again in the World, [1922?]; Slavko Mihalić in Petrica Kerempuh in Old and New Stories, 1975 and 1998, and Hrvoje Hitrec in Petrica Kerempuh (in five sequels), 1980–1989.
Triglyceride-glucose index and the prognosis of patients with heart failure: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Zhaoxia , Liu Wei , Li Bo , Chen Yutang , Li Jian
Published: July 2024

The triglyceride-glucose index (TyGI) is a novel indicator of insulin resistance, which has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the association between TyGI and the prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF). Cohort studies relevant to the aim of the meta-analysis were retrieved by searching electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. A random-effects model was used to combine the data, incorporating the influence of between-study heterogeneity. Twelve studies involving 20,639 patients with HF were included. Pooled results showed that compared to patients with the lowest category of TyGI at baseline, those with the highest TyGI index were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality during follow-up (relative risk [RR] 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46 - 2.00; P < 0.001; I² = 55%). Sensitivity analyses limited to studies after adjustment for confounding factors showed similar results (RR 1.89, 95% CI 1.67 - 2.21; P < 0.001; I² = 13%). Subsequent meta-analyses also showed that a high TyGI at baseline was related to the incidence of cardiovascular death (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.42 - 2.47; P < 0.001; I² = 57%), HF rehospitalization (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04 - 1.69; P < 0.02; I² = 46%), and major adverse cardiovascular events (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.39 - 2.06; P < 0.001; I² = 17%) during follow-up. In conclusion, a high TyGI may be associated with a poor clinical prognosis for patients with HF.
Соотношение обоснованности и мотивированности судебного решения в гражданском и арбитражном процессе
Authors: Ryzhkov K. S.
Published: July 2024

Исследуется соотношений понятий обоснованности и мотивированности судебного решения в рамках гражданского и арбитражного процесса. Рассматривается правовая природа каждого из указанных понятий в контексте требований к судебному решению. Делается вывод о недопустимости определения понятия мотивированности исключительно через понятие обоснованности судебного решения. Предлагается внести изменения в нормы процессуального законодательства, касающиеся закрепления и конкретизации требования мотивированности применительно к судебным решениям в гражданском и арбитражном процессе.
DNA imaging with CRISPRdelight labeling system v1
Authors: Yang Liang-Zhong , Chen Ling-Ling
Published: July 2024

Tracking the dynamics of genomic loci is very important to know genome organization and gene function regulation. However, tools for imaging genomes, especially non-repetitive locus have still been limited. This protocol uses endonuclease-dead, programmable RNA-guided DNA-targeting Cas12 DNases (d)Cas13 proteins fused with fluorescent proteins to visualize and track DNA dynamics in live cells. This protocol details several aspects of the procedure, including gRNA design, CRISPR array construction and imaging.
Robust Design Based on Cost-Quality Model in Micro-Manufacturing
Authors: Han Yunxia , Xi Wende , Yang Shijuan , Wang Weillu , Wu Jiawei
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a novel total cost model for the micro‐products' entire life cycle that takes into account the uncertainty of the model parameters. The total cost includes pre-sale manufacturing and post-sale warranty costs. Additionally, different marketing strategies are also given based on the weight of internal and external costs. Furthermore, limited data and unknown effects in experiments may cause large errors in parameter estimates. This could prevent the achievement of reliable designs. To address this, robust optimization and interval estimation are used. This approach reduces the impact of uncertainty on parameter estimates. It ensures optimality and robustness in micro-manufacturing parameters. Example analysis and numerical simulation results show that the proposed method assists companies in selecting the optimal manufacturing parameter level that aligns with their marketing strategies. Besides, considering uncertainty factors can ensure that the optimization results remain guaranteed, even under the worst-case scenarios.
Posicionamento de entidades do campo da enfermagem brasileira sobre a ampliação do escopo de práticas
Authors: Angeli-Silva Livia , Barros Renata Corrêa de , Koster Isabella , Bonfim Elisiane Gomes , Silva Jacinta de Fátima Sena da , Gouveia Márcia Teles de Oliveira
Published: July 2024

Nós, representantes de entidades do campo da enfermagem que vêm participando ativamente do debate sobre ampliação do escopo de práticas da(o) enfermeira(o) no Brasil, fomos surpreendidas com o Editorial, “Mais avanços que retrocessos na implementação da Prática Avançada de Enfermagem no Brasil”, de 22 de dezembro de 2023. Em sendo nossas entidades citadas no Editorial, vimos esclarecer acerca das discussões e deliberações que têm acontecido no âmbito do Grupo de Trabalho de Práticas Avançadas de Enfermagem no Brasil (GT-PAE), instituído pelo Ministério da Saúde, bem como nossa posição quanto ao papel da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) no que tange à avaliação de cursos voltados às Práticas Avançadas em Enfermagem (PAE).
ALTRUISM AS A FACTOR OF MORALITY
Authors: Derkach Vadym ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman (Kyiv) Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The status of altruism in moral theory is reconsidered through conceptual analysis and synthesis of elements of moral theory based on model thought experiments. The starting point here is the understanding that altruism cannot be non-selective in conditions of competition and limited viability. Morality, as a certain way of regulating behavior, is not a way of maximizing altruism, and altruism is not a criterion for the «morality» of an act. On the contrary, morality sets (within its scope) a norm of permissible «altruism,» and this norm is characteristic of a particular moral code. The author presents a descriptive definition of morality as a complex of processes of regulation of relations at four levels of manifestation. Altruistic behavior is specified as a quasi-parental model of relationships that are transferred in the community not only to direct descendants. This model, as part of the mechanism of moral regulation, determines inverse altruism on the part of descendants towards elders, which becomes a criterion for the eugenic selection of individuals who, by gaining the appropriate social status (moral reputation), secure privileges, but at the same time, it maintains and reproduces the social structure of effective cooperation. Morality as a mechanism of eugenic selection and regulation of interpersonal relations in a social group forms an altruistic attitude towards the actual cultivated examples of a worthy person, a willingness to sacrifice oneself for the sake of moral reputation. Such a mechanism ensures the reproduction of individuals with certain human qualities, including the motivational attitude to put one’s reputation in the group at the forefront of the hierarchy of values and at the same time the willingness to support one’s own first, the need to share with them, the need to give something to those whose qualities you admire and are a role model.
ENTERPRISES* UNDER A COMMON NAME “STATE” (from the equivalence class POV**: parasitic forms)
Authors: Chuiko Vadym ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Atamanchuk-Angel Valerii
Published: July 2024

It has been revealed (hidden in the best way - on the surface) the basic, generative operation ¬B irresponsibility, the logic of being of which provides the possibility of the existence of crime, intentional or accidental (doesn’t matter), leads to ecological, economic, political, social, technogenic, ... catastrophes. Lim (¬В) = catastrophe The current state cannot be called politics in the Aristotelian sense. The current state should be called life under the occupation of V violent, F fraudulent, ¬B irresponsible enterprises / organizations / companies under the general name “States” striving for ∀M complete monopoly and ∀¬B complete irresponsibility. It is important to understand that the so-called “States” are just companies / enterprises (equivalence class KС = {∃С | ¬В, V, F, М }). Just as at one time the sacredness was removed from the monarch’s person, it is equally important to remove the layer of sacredness from the structures under the general name “State”. They must, firstly, ¬М be demonopolized, and secondly, brought to ∀B full responsibility bearers of structures / officials, on the one hand, for everything that was punished (for political, military, economic, administrative, ... decisions, for illegal households / electoral elections, ...), on the other hand, in constant communication (administrator tive, economical, legal, criminal, ...).
PHILOSOPHICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF «POLITICAL PROPAGANDA»: BETWEEN POSITIVISM AND PSYCHOANALYSIS
Authors: Herasymenko Oleksandr ,   Kuras Institute of Political and Ethnic Studies of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

A comparison of two main contemporary philosophical approaches to the analysis of “political propaganda” is conducted: positivist and psychoanalytic. The positivist approach, based on the idea of objectivity and observability of phenomena, analyzes political propaganda using empirical methods and statistical data. It seeks to identify patterns and trends in the dissemination and impact of propaganda messages on mass consciousness. On the other hand, the psychoanalytic approach focuses on the unconscious and emotional aspects of political propaganda. It views propaganda techniques as means of subconscious manipulation and psychological control, paying attention to the symbolic and subjective aspects of political communication. The article analyzes the basic principles of each approach, their theoretical foundations, and methodological tools. Examples from history and contemporary times are provided to illustrate the application of these approaches to the analysis of political propaganda. The strengths and weaknesses of each approach are discussed, as well as their potential for understanding the nature and impact of political propaganda in modern society. Differences between positivist and psychoanalytic approaches to understanding political propaganda from other contemporary philosophical schools are identified. For instance, from an existentialist perspective, propaganda can be perceived as an attempt to manipulate individual meaning and values, creating an illusion of choice and freedom. Meanwhile, philosophical schools such as Marxism, feminism, and postmodernism also make significant contributions to understanding political propaganda. For example, Marxist analysis reveals the economic and class aspects of propagandistic messages, while the feminist perspective draws attention to gender aspects of manipulating societal consciousness.
MODERN POPULISM IN C. SCHMITT’S POLITICAL THEORY CONTEXT
Authors: Atamanenko Volodymyr ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The article examines the connection between modern populism and the political concepts of Carl Schmitt. The contribution of C. Schmitt’s politicalphilosophical heritage to the development of the general theory of authoritarianism is emphasized, which is manifested in a certain categorical apparatus and direction of the German thinker’s research. Since the 1990s, his political theory has been popular for several objective reasons: 1) the increased number of terrorist attacks around the world; 2) the categorical apparatus, which, against the backdrop of the terrorist threat and the «threat to democracy», has been used by the USA with new force to justify humanitarian interventions in other countries, as well as 3) dynamic globalization. The phenomenon of spin-dictatorship is studied. The following are the main characteristics of this type of authoritarian regime: 1) you need to be popular (among the masses); 2) having gained popularity, the dictator uses it to strengthen his power («convinces» the voters to give him extraordinary powers); 3) it is necessary to pretend to be democratic; 4) it is necessary to open up to the world; 5) brutal repression must be avoided, or at least concealed or masked when used; spin-dictators in this article are defined as leaders who pretend to be democratic rulers. It is indicated that since authoritarian countries today are mostly spindictatorships, populism is widely used by the leaders of these states and appears as their main tool for mobilizing the masses. It is noted that the actualization of C. Schmitt’s political theory in the context of populism belongs to the French post-structuralist philosopher E. Laclau, who considered populism a vivid expression of democratic thought. Thus, the antonymy of the concepts «democracy — liberalism», emphasized by C. Schmitt, is actualized. Taking into account that «the goal of populism is to vacate the place of power in order to occupy it again», there is a connection between populism and the theory of «sovereign dictatorship» of the German thinker. It is argued that a number of concepts of C. Schmitt’s political theory, namely: the «substance of equality» of the people, the democratic mechanism of «exclusion», the «friend-enemy» dichotomy, criticism of parliamentarism and liberal individualism, the identity of «the rulers» and «the ruled», in this case become thorough system of initial data, with the help of which it is possible to understand the ontological basis of the populism phenomenon.
PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE THEORY OF “THREE HARMONIES” IN THE INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL VIEWS OF CHINA AND THE USSR
Authors: Zou Chengzhang ,   China University of Petroleum (Beijing) China
Published: July 2024

Researched that, the concept of the “three harmonies” — the foreign policy advocated by the Soviet government during Nikita Khrushchev’s tenure — aimed to redefine not only the USSR’s foreign policy but also the trajectory of global socialism. This policy emphasized peaceful coexistence, competition, and transition, forming the basis of détente between the East and West. Essentially, it sought peaceful coexistence with Western countries to avoid war while striving to surpass the United States through peaceful competition. However, the concept faced criticism and did not garner unanimous approval. The concept of peaceful coexistence was particularly groundbreaking, as it acknowledged the existence of different social systems and sought to find common ground despite ideological differences. By promoting peaceful competition, the Soviet Union aimed to demonstrate the superiority of socialism through economic, technological, and cultural achievements, rather than through military means. However, the theory of the “three harmonies” faced challenges and criticisms both domestically and internationally. Within the Soviet Union, hardliners criticized Khrushchev’s perceived concessions to the West and feared that peaceful coexistence would undermine the revolutionary zeal of the socialist cause. Internationally, foreign powers, like China, which has historically developed its own current idea of peaceful coexistence, viewed the concept with skepticism, interpreting it as a tactic to divide and weaken the unity of the capitalist bloc.
DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS OF RACISM AS QUASIIDEOLOGIES AND PRACTICES OF NEO-TOTALITARIANISM
Authors: Horbatenko Volodymyr ,   V. M. Koretsky Institute of State and Law of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

The defining characteristics of racism as a quasi-ideology and practice of neo-totalitarianism have been studied and systematized, taking into account the achievements of its predecessors. The changes that took place in the modern world in the space of classical and modern ideologies are characterized. The prerequisites for the formation and consequences of the introduction of racism are elaborated. Scientific approaches to the concept of «racism» are identified and compared. 7 key signs of racism are singled out and substantiated, which include: 1) intolerance to the culture and civilizational choices of other peoples, the use of the idea of a «Russian world» as a technology for uniting a supranational community of speakers and zealots of the Russian language and culture; 2) chieftainship, the cult of the national leader, which relies on special services and the police apparatus; 3) focus on the passivity of the masses, contempt for the individual, the imposition of hypertrophied collectivism, the use of administrative resources and systematic falsification of election results; 4) demonstrative messianic cynicism aimed at discrediting universal human values, democratic procedures and standards; 5) formation of state propaganda as a cynical and lying mouthpiece of the ruling regime; 6) hatred of dissenters, incitement of enmity, economic pressure, nuclear blackmail; 7) masquerading as anti-fascism, manipulative justification of the occupation and annexation of the territories of neighboring states, justification of the genocide of the Ukrainian people, the destruction of Ukrainians as a national community. A conclusion was made about the relationship between the emergence and development of new ideologies and social changes associated with the collapse of previous states and the emergence of new ones; by changing ideas about domination and submission, freedom and justice, the meaning of existence and vision of the future; large-scale crisis phenomena of political, economic, and spiritual content in the development of humanity.
Pengaruh Transformational Leadership terhadap Teacher Performance Pada Sekolah Kristen dengan School Climate Sebagai Variabel Mediasi
Authors: Irawan Agathon Charis , Wijaya Serli , Jaolis Ferry
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of Transformational Leadership and School Climate on Teacher Performance. The survey was conducted on teachers from five Christian high schools located in Surabaya and Sidoarjo. The sample was selected by convenience where as many as 103 teachers were willing to participate in the survey conducted. Using the SEM-PLS statistical technique to process the collected primary data, the results showed that transformational leadership had a direct, positive and significant effect on school climate but had no significant effect on teacher performance. Furthermore, school climate has a direct, positive and significant effect on teacher performance. What's interesting is that transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance when mediated by school climate. Thus, school climate is a perfect mediating variable in which transformational leadership applied by school leaders will have a significant effect on teacher performance only when the school climate is also considered positive.Keywords: transformational leadership, school climate, teacher performanceAbstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Transformational Leadership dan School Climate terhadap Teacher Performance. Survei dilakukan kepada para guru dari lima SMA Kristen yang terletak di Surabaya dan Sidoarjo. Sampel dipilih secara convenience dimana sebanyak 103 guru yang sedia berpartisipasi dalam survei yang dilakukan. Menggunakan teknik statistik SEM-PLS untuk mengolah data primer yang terkumpul, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformational leadership secara langsung, berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap school climate namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap teacher performance. Selanjutnya, school climate secara langsung, berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap teacher performance. Yang menarik adalah transformational leadership berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap teacher performance ketika dimediasi oleh school climate. Dengan demikian, school climate merupakan variabel mediasi sempurna dimana kepemimpinan transformational yang diterapkan oleh pimpinan sekolah akan signifikan pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja guru hanya ketika iklim sekolah dinilai juga ikut positif.Kata kunci: transformational leadership, school climate, teacher performance
Formulation and effectiveness test of Tekelan leaf ethanol extract nanogel preparations against Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Sari Ratna , Reveny Julia , Salim Emil
Published: July 2024

Background: Ethanol extract of Tekelan leaves can inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The nanogel preparation can penetrate the deepest layer of the stratum corneum. Utilization of Tekelan leaves in the form of nanogels that have better absorption capabilities with minimal side effects due to the use of natural ingredients is essential to be carried out as an alternative to anti-acne drugs.
Methods: This study was conducted experimentally, including the preparation of ethanol extract of Tekelan leaves and formulation in nanogel preparations, which were then tested for antibacterial activity. The concentration of ethanol extract of Tekelan leaves in nanogel preparations were 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%.
Results: The organoleptic of nanogel containing ethanol extract of Tekelan leaves showed that the color was brown and had a distinctive odor, the preparation was homogen, viscosity was still in the required range, pH was still in the required range, 4.5-6.5. The size was below 200 nm, and the cycling test showed that they were stable during storage for six cycles. The nanogel preparations with concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% had diameter inhibitions of 7.93 mm, 9.10 mm, and 10.23 mm, respectively.
Conclusions: Based on the study's results, it can be concluded that the nanogel preparation of ethanol extract of tekelan leaves is stable during 12 weeks of storage and has a particle size below 200 nm. The antibacterial test results of nanogel preparations of ethanol extract of tekelan leaves at a concentration of 7.5% have the maximum activity.
Deep obstructive nabothian cyst in pregnancy mimicking adenocarcinoma on magnetic resonance imaging: an obstetricians dilemma
Authors: Naik Parvathi T. , Maurya Dilip K. , Jinkala Sreerekha
Published: July 2024

Nabothian cysts are benign mucous retention cysts of the cervix, most commonly seen in women of reproductive age. However, large Nabothian cysts may have a variable presentation and can even mimic malignancy, causing diagnostic dilemmas, especially during pregnancy. The case highlights the deep obstructive nature of the Nabothian cyst, which can mimic malignancy and must be differentiated from the invasive cervical lesion.
Audit of caesarean deliveries in a tertiary care rural hospital of Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Authors: Sarvotham Ananya , Fathima A. Arshia , Indrani Chaitanya
Published: July 2024

Background: Due to the rise in caesarean section rates Robsons classification system was adopted by WHO as a global standard to asses and audit the caesarean section rates within different hospitals, to reduce the caesarean section rates and the associated complications and also improve patient care along with it. The aim of the present study is to audit the number of caesarean deliveries in the hospital. Objective were to audit the caesarean deliveries in the institution using Robsons classification system as the starting point to find the contributing factors responsible for the caesarean section rates.
Methods: This retrospective hospital-based study was conducted at MVJMC and RH. The study included all pregnant patients undergoing caesarean section during the period of one year from March 2023 to February 2024. All the data was entered into Microsoft excel, sheet, which was then classified according to Robson’s classification system.
Results: In our study we noted that the highest percent of caesarean deliveries was noted among multigravida which contributed about 66.5 of the total caesarean deliveries and according to classification 35% of the caesarean deliveries was noted in group 3 with multiparous women of more than 37 weeks in spontaneous labour. 
Conclusions: Globally accepted Robsons classification should be used for regular audits among hospitals to curb the caesarean section and its associated maternal and perinatal complications in order to improve patient care.
Comparison of ultrasound and computed tomography in the diagnosis of malignant ovarian tumours at tertiary care center
Authors: Danish Mozaffar , Bhat Shreya , Khursheed Asif , Ahmad M. Shamim
Published: July 2024

Background: Accurate diagnosis of ovarian tumours is a diagnostic challenge. Multiple modes are used for the early detection of ovarian tumours. Early detection provides a survival advantage. Ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are important imaging modalities in this regard. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of USG and CT imaging in the detection of malignant ovarian tumours.
Materials: An observational cross-sectional study is conducted in the department of radiodiagnosis of Narayan medical college and hospital, Bihar over a period of 18 months from August 2021 to March 2024. Fifty-three patients with suspected ovarian malignancy who were not pregnant or had contraindications for administration of contrast media were included in the study. USG, CT and histopathology reports were compared for diagnostic accuracy with respect to different components.
Results: Mean age of the patients was seen to be 49.6±13.8 years. Abdominal pain was the most common presentation Majority of the patients had vascular lesions with a well-differentiated margin, heterogenous enhancement and septations. USG and CT agree almost perfectly in, identifying septations, calcification, and in differentiating margin of the tumours and very poorly for the identification of lymphadenopathy. CT had better sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) when compared to USG for diagnosis of ovarian malignancies
Conclusions: CT has superior diagnostic accuracy compared to USG for diagnosis of ovarian tumours. However, USG provides similar diagnostic accuracy for identifying septations, calcification, and in differentiating margins of tumours.
Outcomes in breast reconstruction using the BREAST-Q questionnaire at a third level hospital center in Mexico City
Authors: Becerra Andrea Embarcadero , Grau Gutierrez Rubio Karla Fabiola , Ríos Lara Y. Lopez Luciano
Published: July 2024

Background: Breast reconstruction can have a significant impact on the physical, emotional and psychological well-being of patients undergoing mastectomy. The type and timing of breast reconstruction influence the satisfaction index of reconstructed patients.
Methods: A retrospective examination was carried out on patient records from 2016 to 2024 at general hospital of Mexico. The analysis encompassed 210 patients who underwent breast reconstruction during this frame time. The BREAST-Q questionnaire was administered in March 2024 and at various intervals during each patient´s post-operative care. Patients were stratified according to multiple variables such as: oncological therapy, timing of reconstruction, type of reconstruction and educational attainment.
Results: The average age of the participants was 50.3 years. In terms of reconstruction timing, 25.24% underwent immediate reconstruction, while 74.76% opted for delayed reconstruction. When it came to BMI, the average was 26.99 kg/m². Regarding the type of flap used for reconstruction, the majority (82.86%) had a latissimus dorsi flap. The overall demonstrated a mean psychosocial well-being scale score of 76±6.6.
Conclusions: Breast reconstruction goes beyond physical restoration; it can profoundly impact a patient's emotional recovery, self-image, and quality of life. By addressing not only the physical changes but also the emotional and psychological aspects of breast cancer treatment, reconstruction plays a vital role in helping patients move forward with confidence, resilience, and a sense of empowerment. Regardless of when we first contact the patient, it is always worthwhile to provide her with information and the option of reconstruction.
Penile emergencies: two years experience at our centre
Authors: Muppirala Lakshmi Ramesh , Gaddam Yaswanth Kumar , Jain Udit , Bathalapalli Ravi Theja
Published: July 2024

Background: Many men with penile injuries opt out of medical treatment for ethical or psychological reasons, which means the true incidence is likely substantially lower than reported. Urgent medical attention is usually required for acute penile illnesses, which are rare but serious. A vascular, viral, or trauma-related event is usually to blame.
Methods: The study was carried out at Narayana medical college in Nellore for a duration of two years, from January 2022 to April 2024.There were four groups vascular group with priapism and spontaneous penile gangrene (n=9) and those with penile fractures, degloving injuries, amputations, and entrapment (n=16) were part of the infected group, whereas patients with penile myiasis were part of the trauma group. The last group consisted of four patients who had paraphimosis.
Results: The results showed that 60% of patients who had penile fractures within 6 hours presented for treatment. Every single patient has a torn tunica and one of them even has urethral involvement. Idiopathic causes 62.5% of the eight cases of priapism, and 37.5% of patients presented within six hours. Aspiration with intra-cavernous phenylephrine was the. If they fail to respond, employ the grey hack and water shunt techniques.
Conclusions: The incidence of penile injuries is underreported; patients may appear to healthcare providers far later than necessary, and this is largely attributable to psychological and ethical factors, such as shame and fear. However, early and rapid management led to better outcomes.
Awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer and pap test among nursing staff at a rural tertiary care hospital
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar , Doddagowda Shilpa Manigatta
Published: July 2024

Background: Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy and public health problem that can be prevented, but the utilization of screening is just 2.6%-5% in India. Healthcare providers mainly nursing personnel are crucial and play a vital role in raising awareness and educating the public about implementation of low-cost cervical cancer screening approaches in low-resource settings. Objectives were to determine baseline information about knowledge of cervical cancer and explore attitude and practice of pap smear screening among staff nurses.
Methods: The questionnaire containing mostly recognition and some recall type questions about demographics, knowledge about cervical cancer, its risk factors, screening techniques, attitudes towards cervical cancer screening and its practices and their knowledge was tested.
Results: Analyses of knowledge showed that majority of nurses recognized the risk factors and symptoms associated with carcinoma of cervix. A considerable lack of knowledge was observed on the treatment of cervical cancer but a significant portion of nurses knew about prevention. A positive attitude was observed on all aspects of cervical cancer and its prevention.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates a good knowledge and positive attitude about carcinoma of cervix and its prevention amongst the nurses which plays a key role in the campaign to prevent cervical malignancy. Poor practice seen in this study emphasizes the need to translate the awareness to practice. Easier availability of HPV testing and better distribution of HPV vaccine is paramount to successfully prevent cervical cancer in future.