bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wie man mehr als 9000 Rezensionen schreiben kann. Lesen und Rezensieren in der Zeit Albrecht von Hallers
Authors: Gantet Claire , Krämer Fabian
Published: April 2021

Albrecht von Haller – Professor für Anatomie, Botanik und Chirurgie in Göttingen, später Politiker und Dichter in Bern und einer der führenden Gelehrten der Aufklärung – war auch als Rezensent bemerkenswert. Die Zeitgenossen waren von der schieren Zahl seiner Buchbesprechungen überaus beeindruckt; ähnlich ergeht es Historikerinnen und Historikern heute. Die Erklärungen, die für seine Produktivität als Rezensent ins Feld geführt wurden und werden, verweisen typischerweise auf Hallers beeindruckend breite Lektüre und sein außergewöhnlich gutes Gedächtnis. Wir argumentieren, dass diese Erklärungen nicht hinreichen: Nur wenn wir auch Hallers Lese- und Exzerpierpraktiken berücksichtigen, gelangen wir zu einer zufriedenstellenden Erklärung seiner Produktivität als Rezensent. Denn es zeigt sich, dass seine erhaltenen Exzerpte und seine veröffentlichten Rezensionen eng miteinander verbunden waren. Wie wir weiter argumentieren, waren die kognitiven Praktiken und der Einsatz von „paper technology“, die Hallers wissenschaftliche Lektüre charakterisierten, zeitgenössisch durchaus üblich. Während die Rhetorik vieler Aufklärer suggeriert, dass sie sich zugunsten des autoptischen Wissens vom Bücherwissen abwandten, sprechen ihre Buchbesprechungen und die erhaltenen Exzerpte oftmals eine andere Sprache. Das aufklärerische Projekt der „Kritik“ baute auf denselben gelehrten Praktiken des Lesens und Exzerpierens auf, die damals oft verpönt waren, und es profitierte von ihnen.
Online Monitoring Technology of Power Transformer based on Vibration Analysis
Authors: Meng Junhong , Singh Maninder , Sharma Manish , Singh Daljeet , Kaur Preet , Kumar Rajeev
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a method for the study of the influence of stability of a power transformer on the power system based on the vibration principle. Traditionally, the EMD and EEMD algorithms are employed to test the box vibration signal data of the power transformer under three working conditions. The proposed method utilizes a partial EMD screening along with MPEEMD method for the online monitoring of power transformer. A complete online monitoring system is designed by using the STM32 processor and LabVIEW system. The proposed system is compared with EMD and EEMD algorithms in terms of the number of IMFs obtained by decomposition, maximum correlation coefficient, and mean square error. The inherent mode correlation, when compared with the mean square error of the reconstructed signal, shows that the reconstruction error of MPEEMD algorithm is 4.762×10−15 which is better than the traditional EMD algorithm. It is observed from the results that the proposed method outperforms both EMD and EEMD algorithms.
United States internet searches for “infertility” following COVID-19 vaccine misinformation
Authors: Sajjadi Nicholas B. , Nowlin William , Nowlin Ross , Wenger David , Beal John Martin , Vassar Matt , Hartwell Micah
Published: April 2021

Context

On December 1, 2020, Drs. Wolfgang Wodarg and Michael Yeadon petitioned to withhold emergency use authorization of the BNT162b2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manufactured by BioNTech and Pfizer, raising concern for female infertility risks but acknowledging the lack of evidence. The European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration ultimately issued emergency use authorizations, but misinformation claiming that COVID-19 vaccines cause female infertility began circulating on social media, potentially influencing public perception and medical decision making among pregnant patients or those seeking to become pregnant.

Objectives

To determine the potential influence misinformation may have had on public interest in infertility related topics, as analyzed through internet search statistics in the US.

Methods

The Google Trends tool was used to analyze results for the search terms “infertility,” “infertility AND vaccine,” and “infertility AND COVID vaccine” in the US from February 4, 2020 to February 3, 2021. We applied autoregressive integrated moving average models to forecast expected values, comparing them with actual observed values.

Results

At peak interest (100), the forecasted relative search volumes interest for the search terms “infertility,” “infertility AND vaccine,” and “infertility AND COVID vaccine” were 45.47 (95% CI, 33.27–57.66; p<0.001), 0.88 (95% CI, 2.87–4.63; p<0.001), and 0.29 (95% CI, −2.25–2.82; p<0.001). The actual relative search volumes at peak searching represented 119.9, 11,251, and 34,900% increases, respectively, when compared with forecasted values.

Conclusions

COVID-19 vaccine misinformation corresponded with increased internet searches for topics related to infertility in the US. Dispelling misinformation and informing patients about the risks and benefits of COVID-19 vaccination may prevent unnecessary vaccine hesitancy or refusal, contributing to successful vaccination efforts.
Birth prevalence of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in China: data from the national newborn screening program, 2013–2019
Authors: Yuan Xuelian , Zhu Jun , Liu Hanmin , Xiang Liangcheng , Yao Yongna , Li Qi , Deng Kui , Li Xiaohong
Published: April 2021

Background

Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (BH4D), a less common form of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), can lead to severe developmental retardation if untreated. Little has been reported on the prevalence of BH4D among live births worldwide. This study examined its prevalence across China and between geographical areas within the country.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Chinese national screening program for HPA in newborns between 2013 and 2019. BH4D prevalence was examined by province, region and the entire country. Provincial-level prevalence was estimated from the number of confirmed BH4D cases and screened newborns, after adjusting for HPA-positive recall rate. Regional- and national-level prevalences were estimated by summing provincial-level prevalences after weighting them by the number of live births. A Poisson distribution was assumed in order to calculate 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prevalence.

Results

Among 107,078,115 newborns screened for HPA in China, 380 with BH4D were identified, corresponding to a total prevalence of 3.8 per 1,000,000 live births. Prevalence was higher in eastern regions (5.9 per 1,000,000) and northern regions (4.1 per 1,000,000) of China than in southern regions (1.6 per 1,000,000) or northwestern regions (1.7 per 1,000,000). Across the entire country, 3.9% cases of HPA were diagnosed as BH4D, and this proportion reached as high as 15.1% in the southern part of the country.

Conclusions

These first insights into BH4D prevalence across China suggest slightly higher prevalence than in other countries, and it varies substantially by region. More attention should be paid to early diagnosis and timely treatment of BH4D.
Spanish embedded question island effects revisited: an experimental study
Authors: Pañeda Claudia , Kush Dave
Published: April 2021

It is often reported that embedded questions (EQs) are not syntactic islands in Spanish. However, some authors have observed that the acceptability of filler-gap dependencies (FGDs) into Spanish EQs varies with the EQ-embedding verb: FGDs into EQs underresponsiveverbs (e.g.,know) do not result in island effects, but FGDs into EQs underrogativeverbs (e.g.,ask) do yield island effects. One account attributes the contrast to a structural difference between the two EQs, due to whichask-EQs violate Bounding constraints, butknow-EQs do not. In two acceptability studies we investigated the reliability of verb-dependent island effects in EQs introduced bysi‘whether’ andcuándo‘when’. We found no qualitative acceptability differences betweenaskandknowEQ-island sentences, suggesting that the syntactic islandhood of Spanish EQs is not verb-dependent. Nevertheless, average island effects were numerically greater withask, suggesting the presence of a non-syntactic constraint. In addition, FGDs intowhether-EQs were generally acceptable, whereas FGDs intowhen-EQs obtained unacceptable average ratings and highly variable judgments. We argue that in neither case there is a Bounding constraint violation. Instead we explore alternative potential explanations for the differences in terms of features, presuppositions and processing pressures.
Rivaroxaban triggered multifocal intratumoral hemorrhage of the cabozantinib-treated diffuse brain metastases: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Chen Luyue , Chen E , Huang Yanlin , Tian Xinhua
Published: April 2021

Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common intracranial malignancy with poor prognosis. Patients with intracranial tumors are at greater risk for thrombotic complications and intracranial hemorrhage. Rivaroxaban is a potent oral anticoagulant with the high selectivity of direct factor Xa inhibition. The incidence and severity of rivaroxaban-triggered intratumoral hemorrhage (ITH) in patients with BMs remain unknown. A 57-year-old woman was diagnosed with multiple lung, bone, and BMs from unknown primary cancer origin, and refused any invasive procedures to confirm tumor pathology. However, this patient had a relatively favorable outcome after treating with cabozantinib, an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases. The patient survived over 2 years and developed deep vein thrombosis of right lower limb. Oral rivaroxaban was prescribed, and the multifocal catastrophic ITH was encountered after 1 week. The last head computed tomography imaging revealed a rare but typical image of diffuse hemorrhagic metastases. Hemorrhagic-prone BMs, therapeutic rivaroxaban, and cabozantinib treatment increase risks to develop ITH. In this case rivaroxaban was the trigger to this terminal event. This case is a miserable lesson and keeps reminding us to stay vigilant in clinical practice even when there is a potential benefit for anticoagulation in such population.
Microwave-assisted sol–gel synthesis of TiO2-mixed metal oxide nanocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutant
Authors: Imoisili Patrick Ehi , Jen Tien-Chien , Safaei Babak
Published: April 2021

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most effective photocatalysts for low-cost degradation of organic pollutant; however, the wide band gap and the high recombination rate of the charge carriers are drawbacks that hinders it practical application. In this study, TiO2 and titanium mixed metal oxides ternary (V/Ag/TiO2) nanocatalyst was synthesized through a microwave-assisted sol–gel route using Ti(C4H9O)4, NH4VO3, and AgNO3 as precursors. The XRD analysis of the synthesized TiO2 and V/Ag/TiO2 depicts lattice fringes for rutile and anatase crystalline phases. Raman spectra indicate the formation of a mesoporous multiphase sample mixture of rutile and anatase phases. The spectrum shift to the visible light region was demonstrated by the UV-visible spectroscopy analysis. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) reveals a reduced band gap of 2.9 eV for TiO2 and 2.65 eV for V/Ag/TiO2. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) indicates a large surface area of 92.8 and 84.8 m2 g−1 for TiO2 and V/Ag/TiO2, respectively. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm exhibits type IV isotherm, signifying the presence of the mesoporous structure. SEM portrays a cluster of rod-like aggregate particles, while the HRTEM analysis illustrates nanoparticles of rod-like cylindrical shape with a homogeneous size diameter. The synthesized nanocatalyst demonstrated a significant photocatalytic ability in the degradation of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB). V/Ag/TiO2 shows higher activity in the visible region. Thus, the present report suggests efficient, suitable, and economical microwave-assisted sol–gel techniques to yield V/Ag/TiO2 nanocatalysts with harnessed photocatalytic performance for the degradation of toxic organic pollutants in the presence of visible light irradiation.
Well-defined polyindole–Au NPs nanobrush as a platform for electrochemical oxidation of ethanol
Authors: Warczak Magdalena , Gniadek Marianna , Hermanowski Kamil , Osial Magdalena
Published: April 2021

Over the recent decades, conducting polymers have received great interest in many fields including microelectronics, energy conversion devices, and biosensing due to their unique properties like electrical conductivity, stability, and simple synthesis. Modification of conducting polymers with noble metals e.g. gold enhances their properties and opens new opportunities to also apply them in other fields like electrocatalysis. Here, we focus on the synthesis of hybrid material based on polyindole (PIN) nanobrush modified with gold nanoparticles and its application towards electrooxidation of ethanol. The paper presents systematic studies from synthesis to electrochemical sensing applications. For the characterization of PIN–Au composites, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses were used. The electrocatalytic performance of the proposed hybrid material towards alcohol oxidation was studied in alkaline media by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results show that PIN–Au hybrid can be employed as an effective and sensitive platform for the detection of alcohols, which makes it a promising material in electrocatalysis or sensors. Moreover, the proposed composite exhibits electrocatalytic activity towards ethanol oxidation, which combined with its good long-term stability opens the opportunity for its application in fuel cells.
Improving dispersive mixing in compatibilized polystyrene/polyamide-6 blends via extension-dominated reactive single-screw extrusion
Authors: Chen Hao , Maia João M.
Published: April 2021

Extensional mixing elements (EMEs) that impose extension-dominated flow via stationary single-plane or double-plane hyperbolic converging-diverging channels were previously designed for twin-screw and single-screw extruders (TSE and SSE, respectively). In a recently published work by the authors, reactive extrusion was performed on PS/PA6 polymer blends TSE using EMEs and a crystalline phase transition of the minor phase in these droplets was observed as the size of droplet decreases from micron to submicron. Herein, we expand upon this work to SSE and study: a) The ability of the EMEs to improve dispersive mixing in the same blends; b) Assess the possibility of achieving the same crystalline phase transition in SSEs. The final blends were characterized by DSC, rheologically and morphologically via SEM, and the results show that while EME-based SSE leads to much improved mixing, better than non-EME TSE, the reduction in size of the PA6 disperse phase is not enough to induce the phase transition observed in EME-based TSE.
A comprehensive and updated review of studies on the oxidation of cyclohexane to produce ketone-alcohol (KA) oil
Authors: Abutaleb Ahmed , Ali Mohammad Ashraf
Published: April 2021

Oxidation of cyclohexane is an essential chemical reaction for the industrial manufacture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. These two compounds, together known as ketone–alcohol (KA) oil, are the main feedstock for nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 productions. Several types of catalysts and reaction conditions have been used for cyclohexane oxidation. This paper presents a thorough literature review of catalytic materials used for cyclohexane oxidation to produce KA oil using oxygen, air and other oxidizing agents as well as utilizing different solvents. This review covers research and development reported over the years 2014–2020. This review aims to comprehend the type of catalysts, solvents, oxidants and other reaction parameters used for the oxidation of cyclohexane. Three types of cyclohexane oxidation processes namely thermocatalytic, photocatalytic and microwave-assisted catalytic have been reported. The results of the review showed that metal and metal oxide loaded silica catalysts performed excellently and provided high selectivity of KA oil and cyclohexane conversion. The use of peroxides is not feasible due to their high price compared to air and oxygen. Gold nanoparticles supported on silica performed with high selectivity and good conversion. The use of hydrochloric acid as an additive was found very effective to enhance the photocatalytic oxidation of cyclohexane. Water on the catalyst surface enhanced the reactivity of the photocatalysts since it helps in the generation of hydroxyl radicals.
Complementary and alternative medicine therapies and COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Badakhsh Mahin , Dastras Majid , Sarchahi Zohreh , Doostkami Mahboobe , Mir Adel , Bouya Salehoddin
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Despite the high prevalence of coronavirus and various treatment approaches, including complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), there is still no definitive treatment for coronavirus. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of CAM interventions on COVID-19 patients.

Content

Four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE) were searched from the inception of databases until July 16, 2020. Keywords included complementary and alternative medicine therapies and Coronavirus.

Summary and Outlook

Of the 1,137 studies searched, 14 studies performed on 972 COVID-19 patients entered the systematic review final stage. The results showed that different CAM interventions (acupuncture, Traditional Chinese medicine [TCM], relaxation, Qigong) significantly improved various psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality, negative emotions, quality of life) and physical symptoms (inflammatory factors, physical activity, chest pain, and respiratory function) in COVID-19 patients. The results showed that various CAM interventions have a positive effect on improving the various dimensions of coronavirus disease but since there are few studies in this regard, further studies using different CAM approaches are recommended.
Paying the Price: Contextualizing Exchange inPhaedo69a–c
Authors: Morgan Kathryn
Published: April 2021

This paper uses a problematic passage atPhaedo69a–cas a case study to explore the advantages we can gain by reading Plato in his cultural context. Socrates argues that the common conception of courage is strange: people fear death, but endure it because they are afraid of greater evils. They are thus brave through fear. He proposes that we should not exchange greater pleasures, pains, and fears for lesser, like coins, but that there is the only correct coin, for which we must exchange all these things: wisdom (phronēsis). Commentators have been puzzled by the precise nature of the exchange envisaged here, sometimes labelling the coinage metaphor as inept, sometimes describing this stretch of argument as “religious” and thus not to be taken seriously. The body of the paper looks at (1) the connection between money and somatic materialism, (2) the incommensurability in Plato of financial and ethical orders, (3) financial metaphors outside Plato that connect coinage with ethics, (4) intrinsic and use values in ancient coinage, and (5) Athenian laws on coinage, weights, and measures that reflect anxiety about debased coins in the fifth and early fourth centuries. It sees thePhaedopassage as the product of a sociopolitical climate which facilitated the consideration of coinage as an embodiment of a value system and which connected counterfeit or debased currency with debased ethical types. Athenians in the early fourth century were much concerned with issues of commensurability between different currencies and with problems of debasement and counterfeiting; understanding this makes Socrates’ use of coinage metaphors less puzzling. Both the metaphor of coinage and the other metaphors in this passage of thePhaedo(painting and initiation) engage with ideas of purity, genuineness, and deception. Taken as a group, these metaphors cover a large area of contemporary popular culture and are used to illustrate a disjunction between popular and philosophical ways of looking at value.
Plato’sTheaetetusand the Hunting of the Proposition
Authors: Brown Lesley
Published: April 2021

Section 1 contrasts the approaches to Plato of F.M.Cornford and Gilbert Ryle, two of the early twentieth century’s leading Plato interpreters. Then I trace and evaluate attempts to discern in Plato’sTheaetetusa recognition of the role of the proposition. Section 2 focuses on the hunting of the proposition in Socrates’ Dream in theTheaetetus. Ryle, inspired by Logical Atomism, argued that Plato there anticipated an insight about the difference between names and propositions that Russell credited to Wittgenstein. I rehearse difficulties for understanding thelogosof the Dream as a proposition, preferring a reading oflogosthere as something like definition: a reading Wittgenstein also adumbrated. Section 3 examines attempts by writers such as Burnyeat and Kahn to find Plato allocating a starring role to the proposition in the argument atTheaetetus185–6: perception, since it cannot grasp being, cannot grasp truth and hence cannot be knowledge. On their reading a grasp of being is understood as a grasp of something propositional. Problems for the propositional reading include Socrates’ talk of grasping ‘the truthof something’ (alētheia tinos), and the way the dialogue develops after 186.
Effects of casing angle on the performance of parallel hub axial annular diffuser
Authors: Singh Hardial , Arora B.B.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the effects of non-swirling and swirling flow on the performance of parallel hub axial annular diffuser has been investigated. The study was conducted on a fully developed swirling flow and non-swirling flow to predict the separation of the flow from the wall. Three different annular diffusers were used with casing wall angles of 3°, 6°, and 9°. Furthermore, various swirl angles (0–25°) at the inlet of diffusers have been investigated to analyze the performance across the length. It was found that parallel hub axial annular diffuser performance increases up to a certain length as the inlet swirl angle increases. However, the performance also improves as the diffuser area ratio (AR) increases. The performance is evaluated based on the static pressure recovery coefficient (Cp) and the total pressure loss coefficient (CTL). The highest possible pressure recovery is achieved by the 12° swirl angle with a casing angle of 6°.
Numerical study of the parameters of a gas turbine combustion chamber with steam injection operating on distillate fuel
Authors: Serbin Serhiy , Burunsuz Kateryna
Published: April 2021

Investigations of the working process in a gas turbine combustion chamber with ecological and energy steam injection operating on liquid fuel are conducted. The mathematical model of the aerodynamic processes and liquid fuel combustion in similar burning devices based on the numerical solution of the system of conservation and transport equations for a multi-component chemically reactive turbulent system is developed. The influence of the relative steam mass flow rate (the ratio of the sum of the mass flow rates of ecological and energy steam to the fuel consumption) on the combustion chamber’s emission characteristics is determined. The obtained results can be used for parameter selection and optimization of promising high-temperature gas turbine combustion chambers with steam injection operating on liquid fuels.
Conjugate heat transfer analysis of a radially cooled nozzle guide vane in an aero gas turbine engine
Authors: Arunkumar G. L. , Shetty Balachandra P. , Mishra R. K.
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a computational method to investigate cooling performance of NASA-C3X cascade vane coated with thermal barrier coating (TBC), for which experimental data are available. The vane was cooled internally by air flows through radially oriented 10 channels. A three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer simulation has been performed which allows the conduction-convection on metal vane by eliminating need of multiple boundary solutions. The predicted aerodynamic and thermal loads with the effect of turbulent intensity is found to be good agreement with experimental data and inclusion of TBC leads to quantitative reduction in vane metal temperature.
Active fault tolerant control of turbofan engines with actuator faults under disturbances
Authors: Ma Yan-Hua , Du Xian , Gou Lin-Feng , Wen Si-Xin
Published: April 2021

In this paper, an active fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme for turbofan engines subject to simultaneous multiplicative and additive actuator faults under disturbances is proposed. First, a state error feedback controller is designed based on interval observer as the nominal controller in order to achieve the model reference rotary speed tracking control for the fault-free turbofan engine under disturbances. Subsequently, a virtual actuator based reconfiguration block is developed aiming at preserving the consistent performance in spite of the occurrence of the simultaneous multiplicative and additive actuator faults. Moreover, to improve the performance of the FTC system, the interval observer is slightly modified without reconstruction of the state error feedback controller. And a theoretical sufficiency criterion is provided to ensure the stability of the proposed active FTC system. Simulation results on a turbofan engine indicate that the proposed active FCT scheme is effective despite of the existence of actuator faults and disturbances.
Simulation and analysis of an aero-engine combustor with a slinger fuel injection system
Authors: Cohen Ariel Y. , Sattarov Artemii , Claramunt Kilian , Anker Jan E. , Romagnosi Luigi , Baux Yannick , Hirsch Charles
Published: April 2021

The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is now central to the design process of aero-engine combustors, enabling optimal, safe and stable operation, increased efficiencies, and the reduction of pollutant emission. To benefit maximally from the use of CFD it is essential to account for the relevant physical phenomena, in particular the fuel spray breakup and its evaporation. Different strategies for modelling the injection of fuel spray are applied - in the simplest approach the fuel is assumed to be gaseous upon injection, in the most advanced approach the fuel is modelled, using a Lagrangian-Eulerian approach, as a liquid spray which breaks up, evaporates and eventually burns inside the combustion chamber. The effects of the various modelling strategies on the flow, temperature, and compositional fields are investigated. The radial distribution of the simulated temperature field is compared to experimental data, demonstrating that acceptable accuracy is only achieved when the fuel is modelled as a liquid spray and a two-way momentum coupling between the spray and the gas-phase is accounted for.
Syncretism of plural forms in Spanish Dialects
Authors: Mare María
Published: April 2021

One of the main discussions about the interaction between morphology and syntax revolves around the richness or poverty of features and wherever this richness/poverty is found either in the syntactic structure or the lexical items. A phenomenon subject to this debate has been syncretism, especially in theories that assume late insertion such as Distributed Morphology. This paper delves into the syncretism observed between the first person plural and the third person in the clitic domain in some Spanish dialects. Our analysis will lead to a revision of the distribution of person features and their relationship with plural number, while at the same time it will shed light on other morphological alternations displayed in Spanish dialects; that is, subject-verb unagreement and mesoclisis in imperatives. In order to explain the behavior of the data under discussion, I propose that lexical items are specified for all the relevant features at the moment of insertion, although the values of these features can be neutralized. I argue that the distribution proposed allows for some fundamental generalizations about the vocabulary inventories in Spanish varieties, and shows that the variation pattern exhibits an *ABA effect, i.e., only contiguous cells in a paradigm are syncretic.
ErNi2.23Al2.77 and YbNi2.31Al2.69 – i3 superstructures of the CaCu5 type
Authors: Zaremba Nazar , Muts Ihor , Pavlyuk Volodymyr , Hlukhyy Viktor , Pöttgen Rainer , Zaremba Vasyl
Published: April 2021

The title compounds have been synthesized by reaction of the elements in sealed tantalum crucibles in a muffle furnace using special annealing sequences. The crystal structures of YbNi2.31Al2.69 (R1 = 0.0100 for 212 F
2 values and 18 variables) and for ErNi2.23Al2.77 (R1 = 0.0154 for 255 F
2 values and 18 variables) were refined from single crystal X-ray data. They belong to the YNi2Al3 type (i3 superstructure of CaCu5) with the following crystallographic parameters: space group

P
6

/

m
m
m

$P6/mmm$

, Pearson symbol hP18, Z = 3, a = 8.2723(12), c = 4.0672(8) Å, V = 241.03(8) Å3 for YbNi2.31Al2.69 and a = 8.9109(13), c = 4.0669(8) Å, V = 279.66(8) Å3 for ErNi2.23Al2.77. The crystal chemical discussion is supported by electronic structure calculations.
GDO ANALİZLERİNDE KULLANILAN CRM İZOLATLARININ KONTROLLÜ MUHAFAZA KOŞULLARINDA TEKRAR KULLANIM OLANAKLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: DAĞDELEN Ayşe , AKMAN Nihal , ÇAĞAL Münevver Müge
Published: April 2021

Genetiği değiştirilmiş organizmalar (GDO) potansiyel yararları nedeniyle tarımsal ürünler başta olmak üzere birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır. Yasal düzenlemelere göre gıda ve yemlerde GDO varlığının bilinmesi zorunluluktur. Analizlerde sonuçların doğruluğu, kalibrasyon eğrisinin hazırlanması ve kalite kontrol çalışmalarında sertifikalı referans maddeler (CRM) kullanılmaktadır. Çalışma ile bitkisel ürünlerde GDO analizlerinde kullanılan CRM izolatlarının tekrar kullanılabilme olanaklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla dondur-çözdür uygulaması ile meydana gelebilecek degradasyon araştırılmıştır. Bunun için soya ve mısır CRM’lerinden elde edilen izolatlara kontrollü koşullarda belirli periyotlarla (5, 10, 15, 20 kez) dondurma (-20±2°C) ve çözdürme (22±2°C) işlemleri uygulanmıştır. Real time PCR cihazında yapılan analizler sonucunda 20 dondur-çözdür uygulamasına kadar CRM izolatlarının tekrar kullanılabildiği görülmüştür.
The frequency of nucleophosmin1 gene mutation in newly diagnosed patients of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Shahid Samrah , Ahmed Khan Saleem , Saad Maliha , Ayyub Muhammad Ayyub, , Hussain Ch Altaf , Malik Hamid Saeed , Ahmed Parvez
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Nucleophosmin1 (NPM1) gene mutation is the most frequently occurring gene mutation in acute myeloid leukemia. This mutation is associated with good prognosis. AML patients should be screened for the NPM1 gene mutation to identify patients with good response to chemotherapy. Its association with FLT3-ITD mutation is related to poor outcome. B: To evaluate the frequency of NPM1 gene mutation in newly diagnosed patients of AML. Study design: Cross sectional study. Settings and duration: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi from 1st September 2014 to 30th June 2015. Patients and duration: Patients of age between 5 to 85years and both gender diagnosed with AML at AFIP were included. After informed consent 2ml bone marrow samples were collected from patients. RNA was extracted and complimentary DNA was synthesized using reverse transcriptase. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done using Amplification refractory mutation system methodology. PCR products were visualized by electrophoresis on Poly Acryl Amide Gel. Results: Out of 95 AML patients34 (35.7%) were positive for NPM1 gene mutation with a median age of 47years. 80 were males while 15 were females. Out of 34 NPM1 positive patients 14 (26.9%) were AML M2 subtype, 13 patients (38.2%) were AML M4 , 03 (8.82%) were AML 3 while there were 4(11.7%) cases of AML M5. Conclusion: NPM1 gene mutation is quite frequent in our patients of AML and its identification will help identify patients with good response to chemotherapy.
Standardization method for teaching yoga meditation and asanas: a case study
Authors: Rosario PT Jose Luis
Published: April 2021

Yoga is a codex of exercises for the body and mind originated in India. It has a series of benefits for health. However, it is challenging to find a standardized system of meditation and asanas, with a simple application so that it is readily applicable to a large population, as well as easy scientific reproducibility. Aiming to test a reproducible 8–week Yoga learning model, two healthy male subjects, one with 51 and the other with 54 years old, underwent eight sessions of meditation and carefully selected asanas for secure execution. Evaluations occurred before the first session and one day after the last session. The measured variables were blood pressure, heart rate, and global stretch. Both subjects presented improvements in the investigated variables. The proposed model is appropriate for the scientific study of Yoga.
Maternal and child awareness about Covid -19 among pregnant women and their children with counseling during the pandemic to reduce Women and child infection
Authors: Adel Ahmed , Goudah Hesham , Elshenoufy Hossam
Published: April 2021

Background: Corona virus disease 2019 (covid 19) is a virus that affect the respiratory tract with a recently identified coronavirus emerged as a zoonotic virus that infect human. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the level of awareness between pregnant women about the corona virus and how to deal with the coming new born, their children and relatives and their level of knowledge about symptoms and methods of prevention and to counsel them how to prevent the spread of the disease and when to seek a medical advice for better maternal, neonatal and child health. Patients and methods: A prospective descriptive study was made in the period from 25 march to 25 May 2020, 324 multigravida pregnant women who have previous living children were included into this study, every pregnant woman was asked questions in a questionnaire form to assess the women awareness regarding symptoms of covid 19 and how to prevent themselves and their children and relatives from infection with corona virus. Results: The questionnaire that was made to women attending antenatal care clinic revealed a high degree of knowledge about symptoms of covid-19, with the highest level for dyspnea (98.5%) in between tem, wile for cough 97.5% of the women knows that cough is one of its symptoms, Also 95.4% of these ladies are aware that fever is one of the alarming criteria of the disease. Conclusion: Pregnant women included in the present study have a high level of awareness regarding covid-19 symptoms and how to avoid virus transmission. We tried to increase the level of awareness between Pregnant women and their children, so we made a thorough counseling to these pregnant ladies regarding crucial points to follow during the pandemic to prevent their exposure and their children exposure to infection, when to seek medical help and how to follow up their pregnancy during the pandemic.
Chakras’ and energies deficiencies in the geneses of breast cancer
Authors: Ling Huang Wei
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer-affecting women worldwide. Western current perspectives are starting to comprehend cancer as a systemic disease from the start. In TCM, the formation of cancer is associated energy deficiencies with Heat retention. Spleen deficiency is one of the major causes of formation of Phlegm leading to the formation of tumors. There are studies associating the five elements in TCM with chakras’ energy centers and measuring the chakra, the author will be measuring the internal massive organs energy. Purpose: To demonstrate that there is chakras’ energy deficiencies chronically present in the body of the patient with breast cancer. Also, to analyze the importance of treating the subject systemically, through the replenishment of chakras’ energy centers. Methods: two cases report, both were female patients (42 and 56years old), with the diagnosis stress and anxiety in the first and the second with diagnosis of sub retinal fluid retention, both patients with past history of breast cancer twenty and six years ago, removed with surgery. Chakras’ energy measurement through radiesthesia procedure was done. Results: all the chakras were in the lowest level of energy, rated in one out of eight. Conclusion: patients with history of breast cancer have chakras’ energy centers deficient in energy and the replenishment of these chakras is the major importance to prevent future formation of metastasis, new cancer in other sites or the formation of any chronic diseases.
A neveléslélektan a korai Kádár-korszakban
Authors: Darvai Tibor
Published: April 2021

Összefoglaló. Az 1950-es évek közepétől kezdve lehetőség nyílt a
pszichológia legitim művelésére a Szovjetunióban és az érdekszférájába tartozó
országokban, így Magyarországon is. A diszkreditáció megszűnése érvényes volt a
pszichológia egyik alkalmazott területére, a neveléslélektanra is. E
változássorozat egyik elemeként 1956-ot követően az egyetemi-akadémiai mezőben
sorra születtek a neveléslélektani kandidátusi disszertációk először a
neveléstudomány, majd az 1960-as években már a pszichológia tudományának
területén. Ezzel párhuzamosan a hatvanas években létrejött a neveléslélektannak
egy másik iránya, mely nem az egyetemi-akadémiai, hanem a főiskolai szférához
tartozott. Kutatásunkban e két neveléslélektani irányzat kialakulásának
történetét és főbb jellemzőit tárjuk fel.

Summary. From the mid-1950s, there was an opportunity to cultivate
psychology legitimately in the Soviet Union and in the countries belonging to
its sphere of interest, including Hungary. The termination of the discredition
was valid for all the psychological fields as well as for educational
psychology. As one of the results of this change, after 1956,
academic-university level Candidate dissertations were published, one after the
other in educational psychology, first in the field of educational science and
then in psychology, in the 1960s. At the same time, another direction of
educational psychology emerged which belonged not to the academic-university
level but to the college sphere. In our research, we will reveal the main
features and the history of the development of these two educational
psychological directions.
Várkonyi Hildebrand és a Polgári Iskolai Tanárképző Főiskola Szegeden
Authors: Fizel Natasa
Published: April 2021

Összefoglaló. Jelen tanulmányom témája az Állami Polgári Iskolai
Tanárképző Főiskola szegedi megalapítása és hazánk első Pedagógiai-Lélektani
Intézetének létrejötte, valamint első vezetőjének, a katolikus Várkonyi
Hildebrandnak a munkássága. Intézetében a neveléstudomány és a pszichológia
egymástól elválaszthatatlan egységként működött. Munkámban bemutatom Szegedre
kerülésének különleges körülményeit, amelyek kiváltó oka elsősorban az volt,
hogy a protestáns jellegű kolozsvári egyetem 1921-től kezdődően Szegeden, egy
püspöki székhelyen került elhelyezésre. Klebelsberg a Bölcsészkar alacsony
látogatottságát növelni kívánta, a katolikus lobbi nyomására az egyetem
protestáns jellegét pedig csökkenteni. Ebbe a folyamatba illeszkedik a budapesti
székhelyű polgári iskolai tanár-, illetve tanárnőképző főiskolák összevonása és
Szegedre helyezése, valamint ezzel párhuzamosan a felekezeti tanárképzők
megszüntetése. Várkonyi pedagógia-lélektana a főiskolások egyetemre való
áthallgatása révén beépült a polgári iskolai tanárok kultúrájába.

Summary. My following study is about the establisment of the State
Civic School Teacher’s Training College in Szeged. It also contains information
about the establishment of our country’s first Educational-Psychological
Instute, and of it’s first (catholic) headmaster’s, Hildebrand Várkonyi’s work.
The University of Szeged was put together of protestant teachers from the
university in Kolozsvár in 1921. The Religious and Educational Board helped
increase the attendance of the Faculty of Liberal Arts, but also decreased the
protestant nature of it. The Religious and Educational Board also achieved this
by moving the state, and catholic teacher’s training college from Budapest to
Szeged and by duplicating the departments of the remaining protestant Faculties
of Liberal Arts. Várkonyi’s pedagogy and psychology got built into the culture
of civic schools.
Politik Hukum Dalam Pelaksanaan Jaminan Fidusia Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1999
Authors: Pamungkas Leera Sinta Mega
Published: April 2021

Fidusia adalah pengalihan hak kepemilikan atas benda menggunakan asas kepercayaan dengan ketentuan bahwa benda yang menjadi hak terhadap kepemilikan dialihkan tersebut tetap menjadi hak milik pemilik benda. Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 perumusan UU Fidusia belum mencerminkan adanya kepastian hukum, karena rumusan norma yang terkandung didalamnya masih menimbulkan dualisme  penafsiran dan terdapat pasal-pasal UU bertentangan pasal satu dengan pasal yang lain lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Kualitatif dan metode penelitian hukum, menghasilkan perjanjian jaminan fidusia belum melindungi para kreditur dengan perlindungan hukum yang kuat, padahal kreditur juga memiliki peranan penting dalam kegiatan ekonomi secara luas dan penjaminan secara sempit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum terhadap kreditur agar tercapai kepastian hukum dalam perjanjian jaminan fidusia dengan metode yuridis- normatif.
Eksistensi Polri dalam Penegakan Hukum Sanksi Pidana Pengrusakan Fasilitas Umum dalam Kebebasan Mengeluarkan Pendapat di Muka Umum
Authors: Siregar Jefri
Published: April 2021

Penegakan hukum sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku pengrusakan fasilitas umum dalam kebebasan mengeluarkan pendapat dimuka umum selama ini belum mendapatkan penanganan dengan baik sesuai hukum yang berlaku. Dengan melihat kembali pada aturan-aturan yang ada maka penerapan itu telah diterapkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku didalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan Teknik studi literature dan observasi dalam pengumpulan data serta menggunakan analisis isi dalam mendeskripsikan data yang didapatkan. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, ditemukan berbagai persoalan yang ada dan berbagai kendala dalam penegakannya dilapangan. Namun diperlukan ketegasan kepolisian untuk menindaklanjuti bagaimana proses penegakan hukum sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku pengrusakan fasilitas umum dalam penyampaian pendapat di muka umum guna terciptanya kesadaran hukum didalam masyarakat.
Creating Design Principles of a Learning Environment for Teaching Vector Spaces
Authors: Temel Kösa Gökay Açıkyıldız,
Published: April 2021

In this study, determining the design principles of a technology-supported learning environment for teaching vector spaces by taking into account the representation languages defined by Hillel (2000), Harel's (2000) pedagogical principles and Sierpinska's (2000) thinking modes on Linear Algebra teaching were intended to be established. The research is a design-based research and three cycles were conducted to determine the design principles for the learning environment. The study group of the first cycle consists of 51, the second cycle's working group was 44, and the third cycle's study group consisted of 11 teacher candidates. The data of the research were obtained by field notes and video recordings. By analyzing the field notes and video recordings, design principles for the learning environment were determined after the first two cycles in light of the literature. The third cycle was carried out with the determined design principles, and the design principles were revised in line with the opinions of the teacher candidates and the course teacher after the application with the reports obtained during the application process. Design principles in the light of the results obtained from the research are as follows ; the use of technology, usage of modes of description, tasks, worksheets, the role of the teacher and group work. It is thought that a learning environment that will be created by paying attention to these design principles will contribute to the pre-service teachers' differentiation and use of different languages, the development of thinking styles, and to meet the principles of concreteness, necessity and generalizability.
Analysis of Solved Examples in Mathematics Textbooks Regarding the Use of Geometric Habits of Mind
Authors: Buket Özüm Bülbül, Mustafa Güler Zeynep Bahar Erşen,
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to examine the solved examples used in polygons and measurement of area subjects in mathematics textbooks approved to be taught in the 2020-2021 academic year in terms of geometric habits of mind. In this context, a total of ten mathematics textbooks, including two fifth grade, three sixth grade, two seventh grade, and three eighth grade, were examined. The solved examples in the textbooks were subjected to document analysis for the following habits; reasoning with relationship, thinking and generalizing special cases, investing of invariants, and exploration and reflection. Regarding the study results, the solved examples of the fifth, sixth and seventh grades mostly used reasoning with relationship, exploration and reflection habits, whereas the examples of eighth grade were observed to include investing of invariants in addition to these habits. Besides, there are examples based on computer software at every grade level, but it was concluded that such examples are best used in the eighth grade to address the geometric habits of mind. Some suggestions have been made based on the results obtained.
A Novel Method for Electricity Generation from Footsteps Using Piezoelectric Transducers
Authors: Et. al. D. Sathisha,
Published: April 2021

The process of generation of mechanical energy of human footsteps and converting into electrical energy using piezoelectric transducer is discussed in this paper. This method of generation comes under the Energy scavenging section of renewable resources where wasted energy during regular processes such as heat during exothermic reactions is captured and converted. With the increase in energy consumption from handy electronic devices, the concept of harvesting alternative non-conventional energy in highly density population regions is a new interest of late. The model is a focused spring action between two tiles on to the piezoelectric transducers. This model contracts during a footstep and therefore allowing the mechanical input onto the transducers and converting this input into electrical output. This process is focused on footsteps upon multiple units across a pathway to generate maximum output with minimal monitoring. This type of generator is simply a secondary backup to coal or hydro power generation. The main feature of such generator is that this requires no conscious thought on the user’s part.
A Simplified Control Approach of AC-DC-TLBC for Bi-Polar DC Microgrid Applications
Authors: Et. al. D. Sathisha,
Published: April 2021

In this paper the main focus is to convert 3-Phase AC to DC and DC to 3-level Boost conversion for bipolar DC micro grid applications. The input side of AC-DC converter acts as active PWM rectifier and this can be controlled by using a new Min Max (MM) control algorithm to maintain the regulated DC link voltage. The DC link voltage is boosted according to the duty cycle along with voltage balance compensation algorithm in 3-L Boost (TLBC) converter. Hence the combination of two control approaches can provide better dynamic and steady state responses and the output results are carried out by MATLAB /Simulink environment.