bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic response of a hollow cylindrical shell subjected to a near-field underwater explosion
Authors: Mao Wen-sheng , Zhong Ming-shou , Xie Xing-bo , Ma Hua-yuan , Yang Gui-li , Fan Lei
Published: June 2024

To investigate the dynamic response of a hollow cylindrical shell structure subjected to a near-field underwater explosion, underwater explosion experiments were conducted in a 2 × 2 × 2 m water tank, and high-speed cameras were used to record the interactions between the bubbles generated by the underwater explosion and the hollow cylindrical shell. The high-speed photography results showed that the cylindrical shell experienced a minor degree of deformation during the shock-wave stage. However, during the bubble-pulsation stage, the cylindrical shell experienced significant deformation that surpassed the deformation observed during the shock-wave stage. On this basis, combined with the damage results for the cylindrical shell, a numerical model for the hollow cylindrical shell subjected to an underwater explosion was established using LS-DYNA software. The dynamic process and damage mechanism of a hollow cylindrical shell that was subjected to a near-field underwater explosion were revealed by analyzing the pressures and strains of the shell elements, the velocities and displacements of the nodes, and the variations in the energy.
Data-driven modeling of unsteady flow based on deep operator network
Authors: Bai Heming , Wang Zhicheng , Chu Xuesen , Deng Jian , Bian Xin
Published: June 2024

Time-dependent flow fields are typically generated by a computational fluid dynamics method, which is an extremely time-consuming process. However, the latent relationship between the flow fields is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations and can be described by an operator. We therefore train a deep operator network (DeepONet) to learn the temporal evolution between flow snapshots. Once properly trained, given a few consecutive snapshots as input, the network has a great potential to generate the next snapshot accurately and quickly. Using the output as a new input, the network iterates the process, generating a series of successive snapshots with little wall time. Specifically, we consider two-dimensional flow around a circular cylinder at Reynolds number 1000 and prepare a set of high-fidelity data using a high-order spectral/hp element method as ground truth. Although the flow fields are periodic, there are many small-scale features in the wake flow that are difficult to generate accurately. Furthermore, any discrepancy between the prediction and the ground truth for the first snapshots can easily accumulate during the iterative process, which eventually amplifies the overall deviations. Therefore, we propose two alternative techniques to improve the training of DeepONet. The first one enhances the feature extraction of the network by harnessing the “multi-head non-local block.” The second one refines the network parameters by leveraging the local smooth optimization technique. Both techniques prove to be highly effective in reducing the cumulative errors, and our results outperform those of the dynamic mode decomposition method.
Class-E, active electrically small antenna with enhanced bandwidth-efficiency product and high radiated power at the high-frequency (HF) band
Authors: Strachen N. , Booske J. H. , Behdad N.
Published: June 2024

Antennas operating at the high-frequency (HF) band (3–30 MHz) are frequently electrically small due to the large wavelength of electromagnetic waves (10–100 m). However, the bandwidth-efficiency products of passively matched electrically small antennas (ESAs) are fundamentally limited. Wideband HF waveforms using bandwidths of 24 kHz or more have recently received significant attention in military communications applications. Efficiently radiating such signals from conventional passive ESAs is very challenging due to fundamental physical limits on bandwidth-efficiency products of ESAs. However, active antennas are not subject to the same constraints. In this work, we present the design and experimental characterization of a high-power, class-E active ESA with enhanced bandwidth-efficiency product compared to that of passively matched ESAs. Specifically, the proposed class-E active ESA can radiate wideband HF signals with bandwidths of 24 kHz or more at 3 MHz (fractional bandwidths of ≈1%–4%), with total efficiencies ranging from 40% up to 80% depending on the modulation type and radiated power levels approaching 100 W. Our approach uses a highly efficient, integrated class-E switching circuit specifically designed to drive an electrically small, high-Q HF antenna over a bandwidth exceeding 24 kHz at 3 MHz. Using a high-Q RLC antenna model, we have successfully demonstrated wideband binary ASK, PSK, and FSK modulations with the proposed class-E active ESA. Experimental results indicate that the bandwidth-efficiency product of this class-E active ESA is 5.4–9.8 dB higher than that of an equivalent passive design with the same data rate and bit-error-rate.
Engineering hyperbolicity and plasmon canalization for resonant plasmonic anisotropic nanopatch-based metasurfaces
Authors: Hrinchenko A. , Polevoy S. , Demianyk O. , Yermakov O.
Published: June 2024

Hyperbolic metasurfaces exhibit unique dispersion and polarization properties, making them a promising platform for a plethora of photonic applications. At the same time, the ability to engineer the hyperbolicity via the predefined spectral positions of the metasurface resonances remains a notable challenge. Here, we analyze the dependencies of the spectral positions of the resonances corresponding to the limits of the hyperbolic regime for the metasurfaces based on square arrays of the rectangular nanopatches. We show that the spectral difference between the resonances increases linearly with stretching of the nanopatch, but this dependence becomes quadratic when the length of the stretched nanopatch exceeds 85% of the lattice constant, indicating the regime of extreme anisotropy. Finally, we demonstrate the characteristic feature of the engineered resonances by showing the canalization (divergenceless propagation) of the surface plasmon-polariton along the anisotropic nanopatch-based metasurface in the vicinity of the resonance. The results obtained may be used for the engineering of the anisotropic nanoparticle-based metasurfaces for a plethora of photonic applications.
Research on the cooling mechanism of low-temperature liquid jet mixing in high-temperature and high-speed airflow
Authors: Zhang M. M. , Jiang Y. , Deng Y. G.
Published: June 2024

The multi-stage water spray cooling system of the space launch site involves a complex gas–liquid two-phase mixed cooling problem in the process of spraying water onto the rocket engine gas jet. To investigate the complex multiphase flow field of the interaction between the airflow and liquid water jet, the Mixture multiphase flow model is adopted, which is coupled with the vaporization equation and component transport model of liquid water. The computational fluid dynamics method is used to numerically analyze the mixing and cooling mechanism of low-temperature liquid jet in high-temperature and high-speed gas flow. The results show that mixing low-temperature liquid jets in high-temperature and high-speed airflow can cause the exchange of momentum and energy, resulting in pressure loss and temperature reduction in the gas phase flow field. Due to the acceleration of transverse airflow, the diffusion flow range of the jet is significantly increased, and violent vaporization occurs, which further consume a large amount of airflow energy. The mixing cooling effect of transverse airflow and liquid water jet is directly related to the mass flow rate ratio of the jet to airflow. In addition, directly designing liquid water jet orifices on the solid wall of the guiding device can achieve the effect of improving the gas flow field environment. This conclusion can provide theoretical reference for the thermal protection design of ground launch devices in space launch site.
Dimeric vs bidimeric cells for molecular quantum cellular automata composed of oxidized norbornadiene and its polycyclic derivatives
Authors: Palii Andrew , Belonovich Valeria , Aldoshin Sergey , Tsukerblat Boris
Published: June 2024

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is an emerging trend in the field of nanoelectronics, and computing can be regarded as an alternative to the traditional complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology. The paper is devoted to the study of the key functional properties of the cells for molecular QCA based on mixed valence molecules. The theoretical results for the heat dissipation under the conditions of the fast nonadiabatic switching event and cell–cell response function are obtained in the framework of the quantum-mechanical vibronic approach. These results are parameterized using the previous reliable ab initio calculations performed for oxidized norbornadiene and its polycyclic derivatives with variable lengths of the bridge. The comparative analysis of the dimeric and bidimeric molecular cells composed of these compounds is given. It is underlined that the conditions of a strong non-linear response and a low heat release are contradictory. However, despite this problem, a parametric regime is proposed, which provides a low heat release in combination with a strong nonlinear response of the working cell to the electric field induced by the polarized driver cell.
Cep57 regulates human centrosomes through multivalent interactions
Authors: Yeh Hung-Wei , Chen Po-Pang , Yeh Tzu-Chen , Lin Shiou-Lan , Chen Yue-Ting , Lin Wan-Ping , Chen Ting , Pang Jia Meng , Lin Kai-Ti , Wang Lily Hui-Ching , Lin Yu-Chun , Shih Orion , Jeng U-Ser , Hsia Kuo-Chiang , Cheng Hui-Chun
Published: June 2024

Human Cep57 is a coiled-coil scaffold at the pericentriolar matrix (PCM), controlling centriole duplication and centrosome maturation for faithful cell division. Genetic truncation mutations of Cep57 are associated with the mosaic-variegated aneuploidy (MVA) syndrome. During interphase, Cep57 forms a complex with Cep63 and Cep152, serving as regulators for centrosome maturation. However, the molecular interplay of Cep57 with these essential scaffolding proteins remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Cep57 undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) driven by three critical domains (NTD, CTD, and polybasic LMN). In vitro Cep57 condensates catalyze microtubule nucleation via the LMN motif-mediated tubulin concentration. In cells, the LMN motif is required for centrosomal microtubule aster formation. Moreover, Cep63 restricts Cep57 assembly, expansion, and microtubule polymerization activity. Overexpression of competitive constructs for multivalent interactions, including an MVA mutation, leads to excessive centrosome duplication. In Cep57-depleted cells, self-assembly mutants failed to rescue centriole disengagement and PCM disorganization. Thus, Cep57’s multivalent interactions are pivotal for maintaining the accurate structural and functional integrity of human centrosomes.
A speed limit on serial strain replacement from original antigenic sin
Authors: McGough Lauren , Cobey Sarah
Published: June 2024

Many pathogens evolve to escape immunity, yet it remains difficult to predict whether immune pressure will lead to diversification, serial replacement of one variant by another, or more complex patterns. Pathogen strain dynamics are mediated by cross-protective immunity, whereby exposure to one strain partially protects against infection by antigenically diverged strains. There is growing evidence that this protection is influenced by early exposures, a phenomenon referred to as original antigenic sin (OAS) or imprinting. In this paper, we derive constraints on the emergence of the pattern of successive strain replacements demonstrated by influenza, SARS-CoV-2, seasonal coronaviruses, and other pathogens. We find that OAS implies that the limited diversity found with successive strain replacement can only be maintained if

R
0

is less than a threshold set by the characteristic antigenic distances for cross-protection and for the creation of new immune memory. This bound implies a “speed limit” on the evolution of new strains and a minimum variance of the distribution of infecting strains in antigenic space at any time. To carry out this analysis, we develop a theoretical model of pathogen evolution in antigenic space that implements OAS by decoupling the antigenic distances required for protection from infection and strain-specific memory creation. Our results demonstrate that OAS can play an integral role in the emergence of strain structure from host immune dynamics, preventing highly transmissible pathogens from maintaining serial strain replacement without diversification.
Quenching of zonal winds in Jupiter’s interior
Authors: Christensen Ulrich R. , Wulff Paula N.
Published: June 2024

Gravity and magnetic field data obtained by the Juno mission show that Jupiter’s strong zonal winds extend a few thousand kilometers into the interior, but are quenched above the level where the electrical conductivity becomes significant. Here, we extend a simple linearized model [Christensen et al.,
Astrophys. J.
890
, 61 (2020)] that explains the braking of the jets by the combination of stable stratification and electromagnetic effects. We show that in the inviscid limit, the process is essentially governed by a single parameter, which we call the MAC-number (for the forces acting on the flow—Magnetic, Archimedian, and Coriolis). The predictions for the drop-off of the zonal winds agree well with results from 3D-convection models. We run calculations that take the full range of density and electrical conductivity variations in the top 5,600 km of Jupiter into account. In order to satisfy constraints on the power driving the jets and on their effect on Jupiter’s magnetic field, the top of the stable layer and the region where the jet velocity drops sharply must be near 2,000 km depth. The dissipation associated with quenching of the jets increases toward the poles, which can partly explain why the jets near

±

20

°

are faster than those at higher latitude.
Chapter 1. Combien de littératures latines médiévales ?
Authors: Bourgain Pascale
Published: June 2024

There are four intersecting approaches to medieval Latin literature: Latinists now study the life of Latin in its entirety from both a linguistic and an aesthetic point of view; Romance specialists are interested in Latin as the point of origin, and ethnologists as a medium of transmission; historians are beginning to consider the development of narrative and its poetization as a historical subject in its own right; historians of intellectual life appreciate the cultural transmission through the refinements and transformations of a textual heritage that is constantly being reconsidered.
Chapter 6. Spain
Authors: Pérez González Carlos
Published: June 2024

In the present study, as complete a panorama as possible is offered of the literary production, in the language of Latin, within the Iberian Peninsula (Hispania) from sixth down to the fourteenth century. The journey through the Latin literature of Medieval Hispania follows a chronological timeline within which the production is divided into literary genres and/or authors.
Chapter 9. England
Authors: Dinkova-Bruun Greti
Published: June 2024

This chapter offers an overview of the Latin literary production in medieval England, from the mid-sixth to the early fifteenth century. The chapter is divided into two main chronological units separated by the year of the Norman Conquest, 1066. Each section is further subdivided into shorter time periods, in which the main literary figures and the most important cultural and political events are presented accompanied by a brief analysis of their significance and influence. Anglo-Latin literature is marked by the complex linguistic reality on the island where Latin was introduced as a foreign language. In consequence, the interaction between the Latin idiom and the various local languages created linguistic and cultural challenges that had to be skillfully negotiated and creatively resolved.
Chapter 12. Hungary
Authors: Kiss Farkas Gábor
Published: June 2024

This chapter offers a survey of the most important literary texts composed in Hungary from the time of the foundation of a Christian state (1000) to the end of the medieval kingdom, marked by the defeat at the battle of Mohács (1526). The survey is structured according to genres, dealing with the Biblical meditations of St Gerard of Csanád, legends of local saints, historiography, and sermon literature.
Chapter 13. Nordic countries
Authors: Mortensen Lars Boje
Published: June 2024

This chapter surveys Latin writing in the Nordic countries from the late 11th-century beginnings to the introduction of print. The story is told from a book-historical perspective rather than one of traditional literary history. Instead of following each modern Nordic country separately, it attempts to see common developments in a five-step chronology. The emphasis is on local text production and on the circulation of books of foreign origin as well as on the interaction, mainly from the 13th century onwards, between Latin and the vernacular languages used for books (Old Norse, Old Danish, Old Swedish).
Chapter 16. The Middle East
Authors: D’Angelo Edoardo
Published: June 2024

Literary Latin production of the Middle East during the Crusader period (eleventh-fifteenth century) is surely not extensive, but it exists and is important. Of course, some literary genres in the “Latin East” survive only in French (epic, legal texts, etc.), but several other genres were composed in Latin, such as historiography, theology, poetry, geography and other ones (scientific translations from oriental languages, etc.).
Chapter 17. Latin literature and the Arabic language
Authors: König Daniel G.
Published: June 2024

Pointing to a millennial history of Latin-Arabic entanglement, the article analyses how Latin literature and the Arabic language influenced each other mutually. It explains the preliminaries of literary entanglement and then deals in chronological order with processes of reception, which led to the Arabization or Latinization of literary works, themes, and forms. The Arabic reception of Latin works was channelled by the explicit Christian character of medieval Latin literature, geopolitical shifts, and the increasing relevance of the Romance vernaculars. Latin textual culture, in turn, has benefited more from Arabic than from any other language except Greek. However, processes of reception were much stronger in the field of scholarly works than in the field of literature proper.
Chapter 18. Latin orientalism
Authors: Fischer Susanna
Published: June 2024

Different practical aims and motivations that are reflected in Latin travel and pilgrimage literature led to voyages outside Europe in the Middle Ages. The chapter will begin by outlining the nature and content of travel and pilgrimage literature on extra-European travel as well as the development, the continuity and the changes in this genre. A second section addresses transmission, manuscripts, and circulation as well as audience and reception. The focus of pilgrimage narratives widens and also includes non-Christian features at the same time as reports on East-Asia-Travels emerge. To illustrate this development, the depiction of mirabilia in Wilhelm of Boldensele’s and Odoric of Pordenone’s writings are discussed.
Chapter 19. Central and East Asia
Authors: Golvers Noël
Published: June 2024

This contribution brings a tentative overview of the many images of Asia in the Latin literature of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, where it constituted a parallel circuit of knowledge alongside works in the vernacular. Here especially the Jesuits would, during ca. 2 centuries, unfold their manifold activities, also in many scientific fields, and observed and studied in depth fundamental aspects of Chinese culture, on which they produced many reports, monographs etc., always in manuscript form, mostly in Latin, in view of a European public, both Jesuit and scholarly. Another voluminous part of their Latin writings consisted of contemporary history (geography, cartography etc.) of China, constituting the framework in which their missions had to work.
Chapter 20. Latin literature on the “discovery” of America
Authors: Pittaluga Stefano
Published: June 2024

The paper examines some aspects of the cultural impact of the Discovery of America on European Latin literary production. The difficulties of linguistic communication between European travelers and Native Americans and the solutions adopted in terms of language and vocabulary in the Decades de orbe novo of Peter Martyr of Anghiera are analyzed; in this text some themes are already present that will live on in the Latin epic literature with “Columbian” themes in the sixteenth century, such as the Syphilis by Girolamo Fracastoro, the De navigatione Christophori Columbi by Lorenzo Gambara and the Columbeis by Giulio Cesare Stella. Particular attention is dedicated to the progressive identification of Columbus with the Virgil’s Aeneas (as well as of the oceanic journey with the wanderings of Aeneas in the Mediterranean Sea), and to the birth of the myth of the “noble savage” in relation to the projection of the classical myth of the aurea aetas on the simple and gentle life of Native Americans.
Chapter 22. The circulation of Latin texts during the Middle Ages
Authors: Cardelle de Hartmann Carmen
Published: June 2024

This chapter begins by discussing methods of elucidating the diffusion of texts and proceeds by examining the material, cultural, and social factors that influenced their circulation. Among the material and economic factors were the cost and availability of writing materials, features such as script and format of books, and the accessibility of libraries and availability of different types of book manufacturing. Since a great part of medieval literature was transmitted orally, there is a complex relationship between oral and written transmission, occasionally switching between Latin and the vernacular languages. Knowledge of Latin was the prerequisite for access to this literature and Latinitas varied greatly according to period, region, and social group. Most Latin texts were written for an individual or a comparatively small audience, but some of them reached broader audiences, depending on the social networks of the authors, their communities, and their dedicatees.
Chapter 23. Latin manuscripts as multimedia communication tools
Authors: Doležalová Lucie
Published: June 2024

Overviewing their individual features, the study presents medieval manuscripts as complex communication devices and social and cultural phenomena deserving further study outside the technical context of paleography and codicology.
Chapter 24. “Textual images” and “visual texts”
Authors: Becht-Jördens Gedeon
Published: June 2024

Since the dawn of literature, text and image have accompanied one another not merely as competing but also as cooperating media. Based on theoretical considerations of their relationship and their expressive possibilities on the one hand, and on the conditions of the culture of writing and images in antiquity and late antique Christianity on the other, this piece portrays the collaboration between text and image to aid the reader across genres and throughout the ages with an outlook towards vernacular literature and translations.
Chapter 25. Medieval science in daily life
Authors: Stevens Wesley
Published: June 2024

Life has three spatial dimensions for everyone, as do the cultures we create. And so it was in the Middle Ages. Historians benefit from writings left behind to prove any of their theses, but that was only a part of it. We shall look back to barns, to the bridges which helped them travel hither and yon, and to the buildings which survive. We shall not neglect the mathematics which was required to keep all these constructions standing. Astronomy was developing too, always something new. With quite a lot of singing and dancing to instruments, perhaps music added a fourth dimension to the common life of ordinary people.
Chapter 28. Sung medieval Latin verse as performance
Authors: Barrett Sam
Published: June 2024

This essay surveys the performance of monophonic Latin song from the fourth to the thirteenth centuries, investigating the type of songs performed and the range of performance occasions across the period. The focus is primarily on written accounts of song but the characteristic features of surviving medieval melodic traditions are also considered in relation to the training and status of those who created and performed songs. It is argued that the types of Latin songs performed from late antiquity through to the central Middle Ages remained broadly stable but that the forms that songs took were determined by varying historical circumstances. It is also argued that traces left by Latin song in the historical record were shaped by shifting evaluations of song. This survey seeks fresh perspectives by working across conventional boundaries in histories of Latin song, extending backwards beyond music historians’ traditional concentration on recovering and analyzing notated repertories first recorded in the ninth century, looking to trace continuities between late antique and medieval practices, and seeking to establish the range of sung performances of Latin verse at three moments in time.
Chapter 30. Ecologies of medieval Latin poetics
Authors: Cornelius Ian
Published: June 2024

The concept of literary ecology is developed as an instrument for large-scale literary study by Alexander Beecroft (2015), for whom the metaphor emphasizes the great diversity of world literatures and the possibility of organizing this diversity into cultural types, analogous to the biologist’s ecotypes. For a study of Latin poetics, the most important typological distinction is between cosmopolitan and vernacular languages. Latin acquired an articulated body of stylistic norms (“poetics”) in antiquity as a vernacular language; subsequent developments in Latin poetics were conditioned by the language’s acquisition of cosmopolitan characteristics. I explore the consequences of that shift; texts discussed include Donatus’s Ars maior, the twelfth- and thirteenth-century arts of poetry and prose, Óláfr Þórðarson’s treatise on Icelandic poetics, and Dante’s De vulgari eloquentia.
Chapter 31. The art of letter-writing
Authors: Bartoli Elisabetta
Published: June 2024

This essay contains, in the first part, a chronological excursus (late 11th-late 13th century) dedicated to the ars dictandi, the medieval ars that teaches epistolography and the editing of prose texts; the most significant masters and the most important works are illustrated, from Alberico di Montecassino to Pier della Vigna and Tommaso di Capua. In the second part, on the basis of contemporary studies, a panorama of comparative research carried out or to be carried out on the materials of ars dictandi is traced; these researches demonstrate the richness of the epistolographic texts and the possibility of analysis from different perspectives, for example from the historical, sociological, juridical, documentary, rhetorical-literary, linguistic point of view and so on. The bibliography, necessarily selective, is however attentive to the new editiones principes and the most recent essays.
Chapter 33. Starting anew
Authors: Basile Gaston Javier
Published: June 2024

The article reviews the scholarly discussions regarding the definition and characteristics of humanism by focusing on the continuity and discontinuity theses, as well as the ideological and disciplinary implications that have shaped the intellectual field among medievalists and Renaissance scholars over two centuries. The conservative features of Italian humanism can be traced in the endurance of scholastic teaching in universities, medieval patterns of thought, pedagogical methods and traditional curriculum design. On the other hand, Italian humanism evinced an innovative meta-linguistic awareness that took the form of unprecedented debates on the historicity and status of languages, fostered new reading methods, rigorous philological approaches and a wide-ranging translation agenda.
Chapter 36. Fairies from Walter Map to European folklore
Authors: Bayless Martha
Published: June 2024

Fairies feature widely in medieval literature, but their appearances in medieval Latin texts provide a special window onto belief in fairies. Since the Latin vocabulary for magical beings in general was largely borrowed from Classical sources, Latin can muddy the semantics of fairy taxonomy. But Latin provides a view that cannot be duplicated by vernacular texts: legal charges and historical accounts, largely in Latin, reveal how fairies were thought to be real, and people’s interaction with them worthy of sanction or of historical notice. Furthermore, many of the earliest attestations of influential themes and motifs first appear in Latin texts, and demonstrate the degree to which stories moved between Latin and the vernaculars, between genres, and between oral and written forms. Latin texts preserve the kind of fairy lore that underlies more modern treatments of fairies, while also serving as testimony to sophisticated ways of thinking about fairies that would otherwise have faded from view.
Chapter 37. Geoffrey of Monmouth and the evolution of Excalibur
Authors: Aronstein Susan , Pugh Tison
Published: June 2024

King Arthur’s legendary sword – Caliburnus in Latin, Caledfwlch in Welsh, Escalibor in Old French, and Excalibur in Middle and Modern English – evolves in its cultural meaning from its earliest depictions in quasi-historical Latin texts through twentieth-century films and novels. As evidenced in a range of sources, including Culhwch ac Olwen, Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia regum Britanniae, Sir Thomas Malory’s Morte D’Arthur, Lord Alfred Tennyson’s Idylls of the King, T.H. White’s The Once and Future King, Marion Zimmer Bradley’s The Mists of Avalon, and John Boorman’s Excalibur, Excalibur symbolically confers political and spiritual legitimacy as it assists in defining Arthurian values, with its meaning shifting with the times and the cultural moment in which it (re)appears.
Chapter 38. The matter of Troy in medieval Latin poetry (ca. 1060 – ca. 1230)
Authors: Kretschmer Marek Thue
Published: June 2024

The present chapter discusses Latin poems dealing with the Trojan matter from the rise of such poetry around 1060 up to the early 13th century, when poems in the vernacular become dominating. Discussed poets or anonymous poems (in italics) include Wido of Ivrea, Godfrey of Reims, Baudri of Bourgueil, the Deidamia Achilli, the Heu male te cupimus, the Sub uespere Troianis menibus, the Carmina Burana 92, 99–102, the Anna soror ut quid mori, Hugh Primas, Pierre de Saintes, Peter Riga, the Alea fortunae, Simon Capra Aurea, the Altercatio Ganymedis et Helenae, the Causae Aiacis et Ulixis I–II, the Quis partus Troiae and the Bella minans Asiae. A short postface offers a rapid synopsis of the vernacular literature that marks the late Middle Ages.
Chapter 40. Faust’s medieval origins
Authors: Bauer Manuel
Published: June 2024

The magician Faustus (or Faust, as he has been called since the eighteenth century), who enters a pact with the devil, is one of the most famous figures of world literature and can be said to symbolize the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern era. Even though the Faustus myth is genuinely modern, some medieval origins and predecessors can be identified. The gradual narrative formation of Faustus seems to be based on two literary and historical strands in particular, first the legends surrounding the renaissance magician and secondly medieval devil pact stories. Starting from the earliest sources, this chapter will delineate which characteristics are attributed to Faustus. Subsequently, both the differences and the similarities of medieval devil pact figures as precursors of Faustus will be analysed. In doing so, particular emphasis will be placed on the pivotal aspect of early modern Faust narratives, curiositas.
Adult L2 learners’ morphological sensitivity in a morphosyllabic language
Authors: Ke Sihui (Echo) , Jin Rui , Koda Keiko
Published: June 2024

This study examined adult L2 learners’ morphological sensitivity in Chinese, a morphosyllabic language, and
explored whether there is any modulating effects of L2 proficiency. Two word naming experiments (segment shifting and standard
word naming) were administered to three participant groups, including native Chinese speakers, higher L2 Chinese proficiency
learners, and lower L2 Chinese proficiency learners. In both experiments, reaction times (RTs) displayed only main effects of
Chinese proficiency group and word type. This suggests that the morphological processing of L2 learners did not differ from that
of native speakers, although the RTs of L2 learners were longer and exhibited more variability. Concerning error rates, both
experiments showed that learners with higher and lower L2 proficiency had significantly higher error rates for words with
unreliable morphological cues compared to those with reliable cues. Taken together, these findings indicate that L2 learners
developed sensitivity to intraword morphological structure and employed decompositional strategies when reading Chinese words,
irrespective of their L2 proficiency levels.
Circularly polarized beam-scanning antenna with eliminated open-stopband
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Li Kang , Du Liuge , Liu Qiwei , Wang Guangsheng , Kong Fanmin
Published: June 2024

In the paper, a circularly polarized (CP) frequency beam-scanning antenna based on photonic crystal (PC) is proposed, which possesses the characteristics of eliminating open-stopband (OSB). In the microwave field, the PC is typically constructed by embedding the air or metal column into the material. However, it is difficult for the PC with perfect magnetic conductor walls to accomplish the degeneracy of eigenmodes at the Γ point. Additionally, antennas based on the PC with perfect electric conductor walls exhibit a narrow scanning angle. The proposed unit based on 1D PC possesses perfect electric and magnetic conductor walls. The unit can not only eliminate OSB but also has a wide scanning range. In addition, the unit breaks into the original symmetrical field distributions of 1D PC. Based on the perturbation theory, leaky-wave slots can be designed to generate electromagnetic waves with the CP characteristics. And a CP antenna based on the unit is designed. The antenna can achieve a 70° beam-scanning within the entire operating band (7.6–9.2 GHz), and the variation of the realized gains is below 1.0 dBi around the broadside frequency. Simultaneously, the antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results are in accordance with the simulation, which validates the success of the design.
Inactivation effects of plasma-activated saline prepared by the mixed gases of discharged air and different gases
Authors: Jia Yikang , Zhang Rui , Zhao Pengyu , Ma Sihong , Li Kaiyu , Wang Zifeng , Zhang Jingyao , Guo Li , Zhao Yuan , Liu Dingxin
Published: June 2024

Plasma-activated water can efficiently inactivate pathogenic microorganisms and is considered to be a potent disinfectant in the medical, food, and agricultural industries. In this study, the air discharged by the gliding arc was mixed with different gases including O2, ambient air, synthetic air, and N2 at different flow rates to produce the activated gases, which were then activated gases were inducted into saline to prepare plasma-activated saline (PAS). The gaseous reactive species in the activated gases were composed of NO, NO2, and N2O5 and the aqueous reactive species in the PAS included H2O2, NO2
−, NO3
–,

⋅

OH

, and 1O2 with different intensities, while the inactivation effects of the PAS also varied with the type and the flow rates of the mixed gases in the activated gases. The inactivation effects of the PAS treated by the discharged air mixed with O2, ambient air, and synthetic air started to become weak after 3 h placement. Scavenger analysis demonstrated that the 1O2 played a critical role in the inactivation process. This study indicated that air discharged by the gliding arc mixed with different gases could regulate the reactive species and the biological effects of PAS, providing insight into the preparation of PAS applied for disinfection.
Enhanced energy density in cellulose doped polyimide-based all organic composites for high temperature capacitor applications
Authors: Shen Yue , Wang Chengwei , Zheng Xin , Zhang Jinxi , Cao XiaoDan , Ren Kailiang
Published: June 2024

The growing demand for electronic devices has induced a significant requirement for high energy density capacitors. In this investigation, we introduced small groups of cyanoethyl cellulose (CEC) into a polyimide (PI) substrate to create all organic CEC/PI composite films for high energy density capacitor applications. Due to the large dipole moment in C–CN dipoles in CEC groups, the dielectric constant of the CEC/PI-5 (5% CEC) composite increased by 26.3% to 4.31. Compared to the pristine PI film at room temperature, the breakdown field of the CEC/PI-0.5 increased by 4.7% from 502.29 to 526.1 MV m−1 and the energy storage density increased by 95% to 11.70 J cm−3. Furthermore, the CEC/PI-0.5 film exhibited an energy density of 6.39 J cm−3 with the breakdown field of 400 MV m−1 at 150 °C, which is 93.05% higher in energy densities than that of the pristine PI film. Furthermore, simulation results indicate that CEC groups can introduce deep traps in the CEC/PI composite, which can inhibit charge movement in the composite and increase the breakdown field of it. In this study, it was found that by adding small amount of CEC polar group in PI film, the high temperature energy density of CEC/PI composite materials was significantly improved. This study not only makes a significant contribution to the development of high-temperature energy-density capacitors, but also pave a way by using small molecule polar polymers to improve the energy density of dielectric materials at high temperature.
Degradation modeling and remaining life prediction of multi-state long-life systems under random environmental influences
Authors: Sun Chaoli , Shen Juan , Zhang Xiaohong , Shi Hui , Wang Yang
Published: June 2024

For large-scale systems such as bridges, which have long operating lifetimes, the operating states are usually categorized into multiple levels, and they are also subjected to various random environmental influences during operation. However, due to the significant granularity in the categorization of system states, it is difficult to assess the system state transitions influenced by random environmental factors, which compromises the accuracy of remaining life predictions. In this study, we focus on long-life systems with multiple states and investigate the degradation modeling and remaining life prediction considering the impact of random environmental factors. The system degradation process, based on the semi-Markov process and multi-state modeling, was decomposed into states using the sub-exponential approximation method. A state transition probability model considering exponential environmental influences was constructed. Furthermore, based on the developed model for calculating the distribution of sojourn times in multiple states, a reliability and remaining life prediction model for the system was derived. By taking the bridge deck as a case study, the verification and analysis of remaining life prediction for the bridge deck were conducted under the influences of average daily traffic volume and bridge age. The results indicate that both the average daily traffic volume and bridge age have a significant impact on the degradation of the bridge deck. The relative error of the predicted results considering the above effects falls within the range of 1.77%–12.18%.
Effects and selection of update rates in acoustic levitator
Authors: Jiang Liangxu , Wang Yingwei , Chen Yiwei , Chen Ziyi , Li Xinbo
Published: June 2024

Acoustic manipulation holds excellent potential for applications in life sciences, medicine, physics, and contactless measurement with non-contact, versatility, and safety advantages. The update rate (control frequency) plays a critical role in determining the performance of acoustic manipulation. However, few studies have investigated this aspect. To address this gap, this paper investigated the effects and selection of the update rate in acoustic manipulation by analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the levitated object and discussing the hardware constraints. The results revealed that the update rate significantly impacts manipulation performance. It is closely related to the rise time, defined as the duration for a system response to rise from zero to its final value. Simulations and physical experiments verified this conclusion. Furthermore, we found that when the update rate is less than the reciprocal of the rise time, an increase in the update rate leads to a significant improvement in performance, with a monotonically increasing relationship. This implies that the update rate can be selected according to the rise time. It is recommended that the update rate be chosen beyond the reciprocal of the rise time, for optimal performance. These findings will help optimize acoustic manipulation performance and facilitate further development and application of acoustic manipulation technology.
Fault diagnosis of induction motor in the cooling water supply system using a multi-channel data fusion transformer with limited sample conditions*
Authors: Niu Tianyu , Wang Jianyu , Miao Qiang
Published: June 2024

Induction motors play a vital role in the cooling water supply system of hydropower facilities. However, it is not feasible to collect sufficient fault samples in a hydropower station. The scarcity of labeled samples poses a challenge in developing powerful diagnostic models with high classification accuracy. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a multi-channel data fusion strategy based on a transformer for feature enhancement. Initially, the original signals are transferred into non-overlapping single-channel data patches to preserve correlation features across different channels. Next, temporal and spatial attention modules are applied to process the data patches, which can learn and fuse temporal and spatial information, respectively. Subsequently, the data patches are embedded to retain position information and represent fault-related features through class embedding, which are further processed by a transformer encoder with self-attention mechanisms. Finally, the classification task is achieved by using a multilayer perceptron layer connected to the class embedding. While dealing with limited training samples, the proposed method can learn robust features that are beneficial to improve the fault diagnosis ability of induction motors. The comparison of the proposed method with three basic models and two improved methods demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method in accuracy and feature clustering performance under limited sample conditions. In addition, ablation experiments demonstrate the necessity of each module in the proposed method.
Study of high-precision time transfer method enhanced by PPP-AR/PPP-RTK
Authors: Liu Mingyue , Tu Rui , Chen Qiushi , Li Qi , Chen Junmei , Zhang Pengfei , Lu Xiaochun
Published: June 2024

With the ongoing advancements in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the technology for high-precision time transfer facilitated by GNSS has also become increasingly refined. This paper aims to investigate the contribution of information-enhanced GNSS PPP to time transfer performance, with a focus on the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the time transfer performance of PPP-AR and PPP-RTK. Using GPS as a case study, experimental results indicate that the average success fixing rate of PPP integer ambiguity resolution across five stations is 94%. Using the standard deviation for stability assessment, the analysis reveals that the stability of the station clock offset sequence of PPP-AR is superior to that of PPP floating solution. In comparison to the PPP floating solution, the average improvement of PPP-AR stability is 17%. Furthermore, using PPP-AR for time transfer improves the stability of the time transfer link clock offset sequence and also reduces its noise level. Moreover, different types of time transfer links exhibit varying degrees of improvement. The stability has been increased by 14% on average, and the noise level has been improved by 9% on average. Additionally,` the Allan deviation is employed to assess the frequency stability. The findings indicate that the frequency stability of the fixed solution is superior to that of the float solution. PPP-RTK also enhances the stability, noise level and frequency stability of time transfer even better than PPP-AR. Nevertheless, as the reference network scale increases, the accuracy of the interpolated atmospheric delay correction diminishes, impacting the performance of PPP-RTK.
Ultrathin carbon film as ultrafast rechargeable cathode for hybrid sodium dual-ion capacitor
Authors: Liu Zhaomeng , Fu Shizheng , Wang Shuran , An Pengyan , Dong Mohan , Wang Zidan , Yang Hao , Zhang Yilong , Gong Zhiqing , He Kunyang
Published: June 2024

The development of electrochemical energy storage devices has a decisive impact on clean renewable energy. Herein, novel ultrafast rechargeable hybrid sodium dual-ion capacitors (HSDICs) were designed by using ultrathin carbon film (UCF) as the cathode material. The UCF is synthesized by a simple low temperature catalytic route followed by an acid leaching process. UCF owns a large adsorption interface and number of additional active sites, which is due to the nitrogen doping. In addition, there exists several short-range order carbons on the surface of UCF, which are beneficial for anionic storage. An ultrafast rechargeable remarkable performance, remarkable anion hybrid storage capability and outstanding structure stability is fully tapped employing UCF as cathode for HSDICs. The electrochemical performance of UCF in a half-cell system at the operating voltage between 1.0 and 4.8 V, achieving an admirable specific discharge capacity of 358.52 mAh·g−1 at 500 mA·g−1, and a high capacity retention ratio of 98.42% after cycling 2500 times at 1000 mA·g−1, respectively. Besides, with the support of ex-situ TEM and EDS mapping, the structural stability principle and anionic hybrid storage mechanism of UCF electrode are investigated in depth. In the full-cell system, HSDICs with the UCF as cathode and hard carbon as anode also presents a super-long cycle stability (80.62% capacity retention ratio after cycling 1300 times at 1000 mA·g−1).
Particle self-assembly in excitable and non-equilibrium media: biophysical aspects
Authors: Toropova Liubov V , Nizovtseva Irina G
Published: June 2024

Theme issue is devoted to the rapidly developing area of the biophysics of tissues, as well as biomaterials with micro- and nanoparticles and bioreactors for single cell protein production. The effect of structuring kinetics on the functional characteristics of biological, biotechnological and soft systems are in the focus. Similarities in the approaches used when studying physically different phenomena are demonstrated and discussed. The presented works are at the cutting edge of research on synergetic structural formations in complex multifunctional and disordered biomaterials.