bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoencoder-based Image Denoiser Suitable for Image of Numbers with High Potential for Hardware Implementation
Authors: Nahla Elazab Elashkar  , Mahmoud Maghraby
Published: May 2024

The algorithms for processing images and videos are currently essential for many applications. Many of these applications are specified for processing and analyzing images of numbers, such as smart meter reading, automated document processing, and processing of vehicles and license plate images in traffic monitoring and analysis. Consequently, eliminating noise is frequently used as a pre-processing step to improve subsequent analysis and processing outcomes. In this context, this manuscript proposes using artificial intelligence-based methods to increase the efficiency of the image-denoising process. However, the computational demands of these algorithms necessitate careful consideration of the hardware on which they are implemented. Therefore, this paper proposes using the simple autoencoder approach and evaluates its efficiency compared to the conventional methods. This unsupervised model is trained to identify and remove impulse noise from digital images by replacing some pixels with others from the outer dataset that can clarify the whole image more. The model was trained using handwritten numbers, MNIST, and data set size in the first trial and the FER2013 dataset in the second. The model is superior in the case of the simple dataset. Two versions of autoencoders are considered, the first with three layers and the second with five. The Traditional denoising methods are investigated for comparison purposes. The four conventional filtering procedures, AMF, DBMF, ADBMF, and MDBUTMF, are implemented using the MATLAB simulation environment, and the results are reported and compared with the proposed methodology. The results show that the proposed artificial intelligence-based method significantly outperforms the traditional methods regarding processing efficiency and the resulting image quality. Moreover, the computational intensity for the proposed methodology is chosen as a metric for evaluating the algorithm compliance for the hardware implementation compared to the other Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based denoising algorithms. The suggested technique has minor processing and training time compared to the other AI-based methods with adequate quality in case the images of numbers usually do not contain many details, making it more convenient for hardware implementation.
The Effect of Surfactant on the Stability of Inorganic Salt Hydrated Phase Change Material Containing Graphene Nanoplatelet: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Ahmad Tajuddin Mohamad  , Nor Azwadi Che Sidik  , Norazlianie Sazali  , Wan Mohd. Arif Aziz Japar  , M'hamed Beriache
Published: May 2024

The use of nano phase change material (PCM) as a heat transfer agent has spread and expanded as its thermal conductivity is higher than the base PCM, so its use has been increased in PVT systems. In this study, inorganic salt hydrated PCM was used as a base material and Graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) as an additive to improve the thermal conductivity of the resulted nano-PCM and its stability was studied using Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) surfactants. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of surfactant on the stability of different GNP concentration in CaCl2.6H2O PCM. The nano-PCM has been prepared using two-step method. The stability of nano-PCM depends on the surfactant used to slow the sedimentation of nanoparticles in the base PCM. The sedimentation process significantly reduces the thermal conductivity of nano-PCM and thus reduces heat transfer. The study results indicated that the employment of surfactant significantly affected the stability of nanoparticles added in the base PCM. The stability test ascertained the effectiveness of the surfactant applied in phase change material. With successive addition of surfactant, the stability of GNP in PCM was further enhanced to +49.3 mV of Zeta potential value.
Numerical Analysis Study of Chemically Radiative MHD Williamson Nanofluid Flow over an Inclined Surface with Heat Source
Authors: Mini Gopinathan. Sumathi  , Vijayakumar Prathi  , Ibrahim Shaik Mohammed
Published: May 2024

The design and optimization of systems such as nuclear reactors, solar collectors, and thermal power plants may benefit from an understanding of the behaviour of nanofluids with chemical processes, thermal radiation, and magnetic fields over inclined surfaces with heat sources.This review looks at the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a Williamson nanofluid over an inclinable stretched sheet and the impact of thermal radiation, heat source, and chemical processes. The outcomes of the generation of heat or absorption, as well as thermal radiation, are all factored into account in the energy equation. On the other hand, the mass transport equation also takes into account chemical interactions.The similarity substitution serves to turn the governed partial differential equations for velocity, temperature, and concentration into ordinary differential equations, which are then numerically resolved with Mathematica's NDSolve program. Changes in temperature, concentration, and dimensionless velocity as a function of various factors are graphically touched upon. The temperature diminishes while the Prandtl number accelerates as the thermal boundary layer thins and the viscosity enrichment. The temperature contour develops along with the magnetic field strength. When all the parameters were compared for a particular case, a very good association was discovered. Depending on the precise conclusions and understandings drawn from the investigation of chemically radiative MHD nanofluid flow over inclined surfaces with a heat source, the applications may range greatly. It's important to remember that such research often aids in the creation of more effective and environmentally friendly solutions in a variety of sectors.
Immunization and Screening Methods for Cervical Carcinoma in Developing Nations: A Detailed Review
Authors: Amin Saba
Published: May 2024

Objective: Cervical cancer remains a significant public health challenge in developing countries, disproportionately affecting women in these regions due to limited access to effective screening and vaccination programs. This review synthesizes the current literature on the implementation strategies, effectiveness, and challenges of cervical cancer screening and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs in developing countries, aiming to highlight successful models and identify gaps in current practices. Screening, for cervical cancer in developing countries faces numerous obstacles, including logistical challenges, lack of awareness, and insufficient healthcare infrastructure. Despite these hurdles, strategies such as single-visit approaches, leveraging low-cost HPV DNA testing, and utilizing mobile health units have shown promise in increasing screening coverage and early detection rates. The prerequisites for effective screening highlighted include affordability, cultural acceptability, and the ability to implement large-scale screening with limited resources. HPV vaccination presents a primary prevention measure with the potential to significantly reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. However, vaccination programs in developing countries encounter challenges in vaccine procurement, distribution, and achieving high coverage rates among the target population. Innovations in vaccine delivery, education campaigns to raise awareness, and partnerships with international health organizations are crucial for overcoming these barriers.This comprehensive review underscores the need for a multifaceted approach to cervical cancer prevention in developing countries, encompassing improvements in screening and vaccination strategies, health system strengthening, community engagement, and international collaboration. By learning from successful models and addressing identified gaps, there is a significant opportunity to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in these regions and move closer to achieving global health equity.
Home Automation Using Image Processing
Authors: H HISHAM , Haridas Aswin , PR Sreerenj , M Vijayakrishnan , Balamurugan V
Published: May 2024

Today, many of the automation systems deployed are mostly controlled by humans. This control by humans restricts the automation of home appliances to an extent. Also, most of the deployed home automation systems use the Internet of Things technology to control the appliances. In this we propose a system developed using action recognition to fully automate the home appliances. We recognize the three actions of a person (sitting, standing and lying) along with the recognition of an empty room. With this system, we remove the human intervention in home automation systems for controlling the home appliances and at the same time we ensure the data privacy and reduce the energy consumption by efficiently and optimally using home appliances and also it has a security mode. In the security mode if any human is detected it captures the image of the person detected and shares the picture to responsible person,the picture shared will be refreshes with every one minute and also it uploads the captured image in local IP address provided to it. through the local IP no. of persons can see the image captured.
Ignorance and Environmental History: The Opening of an Arctic Offshore Oil Frontier, 1968–1976
Authors: STUHL ANDREW
Published: May 2024

Ignorance holds untapped explanatory power for environmental history, in the Arctic and beyond. I define ignorance as a state of limited knowledge, held by groups, and produced through social processes. The case study is the opening of an oil frontier in the Canadian Beaufort Sea between 1968 and 1976. Drawing from a growing body of scholarship on ignorance, as well as newly available governmental and oil industry records, I review three concepts environmental historians can use to analyse the production of ignorance. These concepts are: proprietary knowledge, selective transmission and undone research. Taken together, these concepts make visible a set of political, economic and environmental conditions that allowed ignorance to shape the approval of the first offshore drilling programme in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. Ultimately, this case study demonstrates that ignorance – like its cousins doubt or uncertainty – has been a resource that extractive industries and governmental regulators have manipulated to navigate evolving requirements of environmental planning.
On the Berezin number of operators on the reproducing kernel of Hilbert space and related questions
Authors: Yamancı Ulaş , Karlı Ismail M.
Published: May 2024

UDC 517.956
We obtain some new inequalities for the Berezin number of operators via the Cauchy–Schwarz-type inequalities. Some other related questions are also discussed.
Lyapunov-type inequalities for a nonlinear system including operators
Authors: Aktaş Mustafa Fahri , Bingül Başak Ecem
Published: May 2024

UDC 517.9
We obtain new Lyapunov-type inequalities for a nonlinear system including

p

-relativistic operator and

q

-prescribed curvature operator under the Dirichlet or antiperiodic boundary condition.
Artificial Broadcasts as Galactic Populations. II. Comparing Individualist and Collective Bounds on Broadcast Populations in Single Galaxies
Authors: Lacki Brian C.
Published: May 2024

The search for extraterrestrial intelligence includes efforts to constrain populations of artificial broadcasts in other galaxies. Previous efforts use individualist methods, searching for single broadcasts with high signal-to-noise ratio. These would be detected as observables with extreme values. This approach is limited to very bright broadcasts and also is subject to confusion, where a large number of broadcasts blend together to form a noise continuum. The mean value of the total emission provides an additional collective bound: the luminosity of the transmitters is no higher than the galaxy’s observed luminosity. Using the framework developed in Paper I, I evaluate how confusion affects individualist searches. I then compare individualist and collective approaches for radio broadcasts from the Milky Way, M31, and three Virgo Cluster elliptical galaxies. For current observations, confusion blurs narrowband radio broadcasts together in the Virgo ellipticals when there is one broadcast per gigahertz per 1000 stars. The collective bound implies fewer than

∼

10

6

(

ℓ

¯

/

10

13

W
)

−
1

L-band broadcasts per star per gigahertz in the Milky Way wideband and is about 10 and 400 times stronger in M31 and M59, respectively. Applying the collective bound to the far-infrared–radio correlation yields constraints on radio broadcast populations in star-forming galaxies throughout the Universe. The collective bound allows us to rule out large regions of broadcast population parameter space even for distant galaxies. It also imposes constraints on gamma-ray, neutrino, and gravitational-wave broadcasts in the nearest galaxies.
Multiple Outflows around a Single Protostar IRAS 15398−3359
Authors: Sai Jinshi , Yen Hsi-Wei , Machida Masahiro N. , Ohashi Nagayoshi , Aso Yusuke , Maury Anaëlle J. , Maret Sébastien
Published: May 2024

We present the results of our mosaic observations of a single Class 0 protostar IRAS 15398−3359 with the Atacama Compact Array in the CO J = 2–1 line. The new observations covering a

∼
2
′

square region reveal elongated redshifted and blueshifted components, which are located at distances of ∼30″–75″ on the northern and southern sides of the protostar, respectively, in addition to the previously observed primary and secondary outflows. These elongated components exhibit Hubble-law-like velocity structures, i.e., an increase of velocity with increasing distance from the protostar, suggesting that they comprise the third outflow associated with the protostar. Besides, a new redshifted component is detected at radii of ∼40″–75″ on the northwestern side of the protostar. This redshifted component also exhibits a Hubble-law-like velocity profile, which could be a counterpart of the secondary outflow mostly detected at blueshifted velocities in a previous study. The three outflows are all misaligned by ∼20°–90°, and the dynamical timescale of the primary outflow is shorter than those of the other outflows, approximately by an order of magnitude. These facts hint that the outflow launch direction has significantly changed with time. The outflow direction may change if the rotational axis and the magnetic field are misaligned or if the dense core is turbulent. We favor the second scenario as the origin of the multiple outflows in IRAS 15398−3359, based on a comparison between the observational results and numerical simulations.
Automated Chemical Reaction Network Generation and Its Application to Exoplanet Atmospheres
Authors: Yang Jeehyun , Hu Renyu
Published: May 2024

With the advent of JWST and the spectroscopic characterization of exoplanet atmospheres in unprecedented detail, there is a demand for more complete pictures of chemical and photochemical reactions and their impacts on atmospheric composition. Traditionally, building reaction networks for (exo)planetary atmospheres involves manually tracking relevant species and reactions, a time-consuming and error-prone process. This approach’s applicability is also often limited to specific conditions, making it less versatile for different planetary types (i.e., photochemical networks for Jupiters may not be directly applicable to water-rich exoplanets). We introduce an automated approach using a computer-aided chemical reaction network generator, combined with a 1D photochemical kinetic-transport model, offering significant advantages. This approach automatically selects reaction rates through a rate-based iterative algorithm and multiple refinement steps, enhancing model reliability. Also, this approach allows for the efficient simulation of diverse chemical environments, from hydrogen to water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen-dominated atmospheres. Using WASP-39b and WASP-80b as examples, we demonstrate our approach’s effectiveness, showing good agreement with recent JWST data. Our WASP-39b model aligns with prior studies and JWST observations, capturing photochemically produced sulfur dioxide. The WASP-80b model reveals an atmosphere influenced by deep-interior thermochemistry and vertical mixing, consistent with JWST NIRCam observations. Furthermore, our model identifies a novel initial step for the N2–NH3–HCN pathway that enhances the efficiency of the conversion in high-temperature/high-pressure environments. This automated chemical network generation offers a novel, efficient, and precise framework for studying exoplanetary atmospheres, marking a significant advancement over traditional modeling techniques.
Statistical Investigation of Wave Propagation in the Quiet-Sun Using IRIS Spectroscopic Observations
Authors: Sangal Kartika , Srivastava A. K. , Kayshap P. , Yuan Ding , Scullion E.
Published: May 2024

In this analysis, we use spectroscopic observations of the quiet Sun made by the IRIS instrument and investigate wave propagation. We analyze various spectral lines formed in different atmospheric layers, such as the photosphere, chromosphere, and transition region. We examine the Doppler velocity time series at various locations in the quiet Sun to determine the dominant oscillation periods. Our results executing statistical analysis resemble those of the classical physical scenario, indicating that the photosphere is mainly characterized by the dominant 5 minute period, while the chromosphere is primarily associated with the 3 minute oscillation period. In the transition region, we observe a variety of oscillation periods, with dominant periods of 3, 8, and 12 minutes. We estimate the cutoff frequency by deducing the phase difference between two Doppler velocity time series obtained from spectral line pairs in different atmospheric layers formed at different temperatures. This reveals a significant correlation between 3 minute periods in the transition region and photospheric oscillations, suggesting that these oscillations in the transition region might propagate from the photosphere. Additionally, we analyze the phase difference between chromospheric oscillations and photospheric oscillations, demonstrating that only the 3 minute oscillations propagate upward. Based on the statistical analyses, we suggest the presence of magnetoacoustic waves in the solar atmosphere, some of which are propagating from the lower solar atmosphere upward, while some others are propagating downward. The transition region carries both long-period oscillations generated in situ and some photospheric oscillations that are also able to reach there from below.
Where Are the Water Worlds? Identifying Exo-water-worlds Using Models of Planet Formation and Atmospheric Evolution
Authors: Chakrabarty Aritra , Mulders Gijs D.
Published: May 2024

Planet formation models suggest that the small exoplanets that migrate from beyond the snowline of the protoplanetary disk likely contain water-ice-rich cores (∼50% by mass), also known as water worlds. While the observed radius valley of the Kepler planets is well explained by the atmospheric dichotomy of the rocky planets, precise measurements of the mass and radius of the transiting planets hint at the existence of these water worlds. However, observations cannot confirm the core compositions of those planets, owing to the degeneracy between the density of a bare water-ice-rich planet and the bulk density of a rocky planet with a thin atmosphere. We combine different formation models from the Genesis library with atmospheric escape models, such as photoevaporation and impact stripping, to simulate planetary systems consistent with the observed radius valley. We then explore the possibility of water worlds being present in the currently observed sample by comparing them with simulated planets in the mass–radius–orbital period space. We find that the migration models suggest ≳10% and ≳20% of the bare planets, i.e., planets without primordial H/He atmospheres, to be water-ice-rich around G- and M-type host stars, respectively, consistent with the mass–radius distributions of the observed planets. However, most of the water worlds are predicted to be outside a period of 10 days. A unique identification of water worlds through radial velocity and transmission spectroscopy is likely to be more successful when targeting such planets with longer orbital periods.
Accretion and Uneven Depletion of the Main Asteroid Belt
Authors: Deienno Rogerio , Nesvorný David , Clement Matthew S. , Bottke William F. , Izidoro André , Walsh Kevin J.
Published: May 2024

The main asteroid belt (MAB) is known to be primarily composed of objects from two distinct taxonomic classes, generically defined here as S- and C-complex. The former probably originated from the inner solar system (interior to Jupiter’s orbit), while the latter probably originated from the outer solar system. Following this definition, (4) Vesta, a V-type residing in the inner MAB (a < 2.5 au), is the sole D > 500 km object akin to the S-complex that potentially formed in situ. This provides a useful constraint on the number of D > 500 km bodies that could have formed, or grown, within the primordial MAB. In this work, we numerically simulate the accretion of objects in the MAB region during the time when gas in the protoplanetary disk still existed while assuming different MAB primordial masses. We then account for the depletion of that population happening after gas disk dispersal. In our analysis, we subdivided the MAB into five subregions and showed that the depletion factor varies throughout the MAB. This results in uneven radial- and size-dependent depletion of the MAB. We show that the MAB primordial mass has to be ≲2.14 × 10−3
M
⊕. Larger primordial masses would lead to the accretion of tens to thousands of S-complex objects with D > 500 km in the MAB. Such large objects would survive depletion even in the outer subregions (a > 2.5 au), thus being inconsistent with observations. Our results also indicate that S-complex objects with D > 200–300 km, including (4) Vesta, are likely to be terrestrial planetesimals implanted into the MAB rather than formed in situ.
Photosensitizing Herbs as Potential Therapeutics: A Prospective Insights into their Mechanisms for the Development of Novel Drug Leads in War with Cancer and Other Human Diseases
Authors: Seyed Mohamed Ali , Mahmoud Elodemi
Published: May 2024

In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been accepted as an alternative option for the treatment of a wide spectrum of human ailments. It is a minimally invasive treatment that involves the interaction of a non-toxic photosensitizer. In PDT, combining photosensitizing (PS) agent that absorbs specified wavelength of light, which in turn produces free radical molecules to eliminate unwanted cells and tissues. The photosensitization process is activated by the light-induced excitation of molecules within the tissue. Bioactive principles acquired from plants documented as nature-inspired potential photosensitizers with varied properties against microbes, insects, or tumor cells. PDT is a promising method for removing diverse types of cancers but needs to be recognized in therapy as conventional chemotherapy. At present, natural compounds with PS properties are being continuously unearthed and identified. As of now, hundreds of photosensitive drugs or drug leads identified from natural sources with reduced or no toxicity to healthy tissues and no side effects encourage investigators to pursue natural PS for PDT. Although existing PS was developed years back, only a handful of them are engaged in human clinical applications. The main classes of natural photosensitizers discussed in this review are chlorophylls (hypocrellin A and B), hypericin, chlorins (Chlorin e6), and other emerging ones such as curcumin. Hence, the present review aimed to explore the efficacious PS properties of a few herbal-derived PS, preferably the potential ones in terms of specificity, and mechanism of action, inducing less or no toxicity to normal cells but their other medicinal applications.
Les défis technologiques et organisationnels de l’emploi des seniors
Authors: d’Albis Hippolyte
Published: May 2024

Fin 2023, le taux d’emploi des 55-64 ans approchait les 59 % en France contre 75 % en Allemagne et près de 78 % en Suède. Pour concrétiser les bénéfices des réformes des retraites, il est nécessaire de relever le défi de l’accroissement de la part des seniors en emploi. Deux pistes doivent être privilégiées : l’adaptation aux changements technologiques par la formation tout au long de la vie et la prise en compte des demandes spécifiques des seniors quant à l’organisation de leur environnement de travail.
Inventons le travail d’aujourd’hui
Authors: Léon Marylise
Published: May 2024

Trop souvent caché derrière les chiffres de l’emploi ou du chômage, le travail mérite d’être pensé en tant que tel. Deux grands évènements ont contribué à lever le voile posé sur ce sujet : la crise Covid qui a révélé ces travailleurs et travailleuses « essentiels » et pourtant sous-considérés, crise sanitaire qui a également soulevé beaucoup d’interrogations sur le sens et sur notre rapport au travail. Puis, dans ce prolongement, se sont tenues les extraordinaires mobilisations retraites, qui ont été l’expression d’attentes fortes en termes de conditions de travail et de dignité au travail. Ne laissons pas retomber ce sujet dans l’oubli, c’est le quotidien de dizaine de millions de Français dont il s’agit. Partons de leurs aspirations, de leurs difficultés et de leurs propositions pour construire le travail d’aujourd’hui. C’est un enjeu de démocratie.
Jacques Delors : une vie en héritage
Authors: Vignon Jérôme
Published: May 2024

Récemment décédé, Jacques Delors (1925-2023) aura été une figure importante de la vie politique française et européenne. Ses engagements sont d’une grande cohérence. Marqué par un souci de justice sociale, en résonance avec le personnalisme d’héritage chrétien, il se défie pourtant de toute idéologie. Son appel à se faire « inventeurs de simplicité » peut inspirer encore aujourd’hui.
Rachid Taha, figure inspirante d’une génération en lutte pour la reconnaissance
Authors: Jovelin Emmanuel
Published: May 2024

Cet article 1 évoque l’implication d’un chanteur hors du commun : Rachid Taha et son groupe, à la marche pour l’égalité et contre le racisme et implicitement à la participation au combat de toute une génération pour la reconnaissance. Il s’agit de montrer dans cet article que les inégalités sociales ressenties par les jeunes issus de l’immigration, la négation de leurs identités culturelles, les discriminations et le racisme les ont mobilisés pour revendiquer leur place au sein de la société française (Jovelin, 2005).
Quelle est l’influence du milieu familial d’origine sur le revenu des jeunes adultes ?
Authors: Sicsic Michaël
Published: May 2024

Nous mesurons dans cet article le rôle du contexte familial dans la formation des revenus des individus à partir de deux méthodes complémentaires. Nous montrons d’abord que, si les revenus des parents en sont le principal déterminant observable, seule une faible part (un peu moins de 10 %) de la variabilité des rangs des jeunes adultes d’environ 28 ans est expliquée par les variables observables des parents. À partir des revenus de fratries, on estime ensuite qu’environ 25-30 % de la variation des revenus d’un individu seraient liés à l’influence globale de son milieu familial d’origine. Les variables inobservables comme l’éducation familiale ou le patrimoine culturel et génétique auraient donc plus d’influence que les variables observables des parents comme le revenu. Classification JEL  : J62, D1, D31, H0.
Nonradial singular solutions for elliptic equations with exponential nonlinearity
Authors: Cao Jingyue , Shao Yunkang , Wan Fangshu , Wang Jiaqi , Zhu Yifei
Published: May 2024

For any $ R > 0 $, infinitely many nonradial singular solutions can be constructed for the following equation:

   \begin{document}$ \begin{equation} -\Delta u = e^u \;\;\; \mbox{in}\; B_R \backslash \{0\} , \;\;\;\;\;\;(0.1)\end{equation} $\end{document}

where $ B_R = \{x \in \mathbb{R}^N \; (N \geq 3): \; |x| < R\} $. To construct nonradial singular solutions, we need to consider asymptotic expansion at the isolated singular point $ x = 0 $ of a prescribed solution of (0.1). Then, nonradial singular solutions of (0.1) can be constructed by using the asymptotic expansion and introducing suitable weighted Hölder spaces.
Deep autoencoders and multivariate analysis for enhanced hypertension detection during the COVID-19 era
Authors: Dashdondov Khongorzul , Kim Mi-Hye , Song Mi-Hwa
Published: May 2024

The incidence of hypertension has increased dramatically in both elderly and young populations. The incidence of hypertension also increased with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. To enhance hypertension detection accuracy, we proposed a multivariate outlier removal method based on the deep autoencoder (DAE) technique. The method was applied to the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) database. Several studies have identified various risk factors for chronic hypertension. Chronic diseases are often multifactorial rather than isolated and have been associated with COVID-19. Therefore, it is necessary to study disease detection by considering complex factors. This study was divided into two main parts. The first module, data preprocessing, integrated external features for COVID-19 patients merged by region, age, and gender for the KHNANE-2020 and Kaggle datasets. We then performed multicollinearity (MC)-based feature selection for the KNHANES and integrated datasets. Notably, our MC analysis revealed that the "COVID-19 statement" feature, with a variance inflation factor (VIF) of 1.023 and a p-value < 0.01, is significant in predicting hypertension, underscoring the interrelation between COVID-19 and hypertension risk. The next module used a predictive analysis step to detect and predict hypertension based on an ordinal encoder (OE) transformation and multivariate outlier removal using a DAE from the KNHANES data. We compared each classification model's accuracy, F1 score, and area under the curve (AUC). The experimental results showed that the proposed XGBoost model achieved the best results, with an accuracy rate of 87.78% (86.49%–88.1%, 95% CI), an F1 score of 89.95%, and an AUC of 92.28% for the COVID-19 cases, and an accuracy rate of 87.72% (85.86%–89.69%, 95% CI), an F1 score of 89.94%, and an AUC of 92.23% for the non-COVID-19 cases with the DAE_OE model. We improved the prediction performance of the classifiers used in all experiments by developing a high-quality training dataset implementing the DAE and OE in our method. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrated how the steps of the proposed method improved performance. Our approach has potential applications beyond hypertension detection, including other diseases such as stroke and cardiovascular disease.
Robust sign language detection for hearing disabled persons by Improved Coyote Optimization Algorithm with deep learning
Authors: Asiri Mashael M , Motwakel Abdelwahed , Drar Suhanda
Published: May 2024

Sign language (SL) recognition for individuals with hearing disabilities involves leveraging machine learning (ML) and computer vision (CV) approaches for interpreting and understanding SL gestures. By employing cameras and deep learning (DL) approaches, namely convolutional neural networks (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN), these models analyze facial expressions, hand movements, and body gestures connected with SL. The major challenges in SL recognition comprise the diversity of signs, differences in signing styles, and the need to recognize the context in which signs are utilized. Therefore, this manuscript develops an SL detection by Improved Coyote Optimization Algorithm with DL (SLR-ICOADL) technique for hearing disabled persons. The goal of the SLR-ICOADL technique is to accomplish an accurate detection model that enables communication for persons using SL as a primary case of expression. At the initial stage, the SLR-ICOADL technique applies a bilateral filtering (BF) approach for noise elimination. Following this, the SLR-ICOADL technique uses the Inception-ResNetv2 for feature extraction. Meanwhile, the ICOA is utilized to select the optimal hyperparameter values of the DL model. At last, the extreme learning machine (ELM) classification model can be utilized for the recognition of various kinds of signs. To exhibit the better performance of the SLR-ICOADL approach, a detailed set of experiments are performed. The experimental outcome emphasizes that the SLR-ICOADL technique gains promising performance in the SL detection process.
Why does increased microbial fermentation in the human colon shift toward butyrate?
Authors: Flint Harry J. , Louis Petra , Duncan Sylvia H.
Published: May 2024

The microbial community of the human large intestine mainly ferments dietary fiber to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are efficiently absorbed by the host. The three major SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) have different fates within the body and different effects on health. A recent analysis of 10 human volunteer studies established that the proportions of these SCFA in fecal samples significantly shifted towards butyrate as the overall concentration of SCFA increased. Butyrate plays a key role in gut health and is preferentially utilized as an energy source by the colonic epithelium. Here we discuss possible mechanisms that underlie this ‘butyrate shift’; these include the selection for butyrate-producing bacteria within the microbiota by certain types of fiber, and the possibility of additional butyrate formation from lactate and acetate by metabolite cross-feeding. However, a crucial factor appears to be the pH in the proximal colon, which decreases as the SCFA concentrations increase. A mildly acidic pH has been shown to have an important impact on microbial competition and on the stoichiometry of butyrate production. Understanding these complex interactions has been greatly aided by the refinement of theoretical models of the colonic microbiota that assume a small number (10) of microbial functional groups (MFGs).
Optimal mechanism for the sale of a durable good
Authors: Doval Laura , Skreta Vasiliki
Published: May 2024

A buyer wishes to purchase a durable good from a seller who in each period chooses a mechanism under limited commitment. The buyer's value is binary and fully persistent. We show that posted prices implement all equilibrium outcomes of an infinite‐horizon, mechanism‐selection game. Despite being able to choose mechanisms, the seller can do no better and no worse than if he chose prices in each period, so that he is subject to Coase's conjecture. Our analysis marries insights from information and mechanism design with those from the literature on durable goods. We do so by relying on the revelation principle in Doval and Skreta (2022).
Relational enforcement
Authors: Achim Peter , Knoepfle Jan
Published: May 2024

A principal incentivizes an agent to maintain compliance and to truthfully announce any breaches of compliance. Compliance is imperfectly controlled by the agent's private effort choices, is partially persistent, and is verifiable by the principal only through costly inspections. We show that in principal‐optimal equilibria, the principal enforces maximum compliance using deterministic inspections. Periodic inspection cycles are suspended during periods of self‐reported noncompliance, during which the agent is fined. We show how commitment to random inspections would benefit the principal, and discuss possible ways for the principal to overcome her commitment problem.
Pair‐efficient reallocation of indivisible objects
Authors: Ekici Özgün
Published: May 2024

We revisit the classical object reallocation problem under strict preferences. When attention is constrained to the set of Pareto‐efficient rules, it is known that top trading cycles (TTC) is the only rule that is strategy‐proof and individually rational. We relax this constraint and consider pair efficiency. A rule is pair‐efficient if it never induces an allocation at which a pair of agents gain from trading their assigned objects. Remarkably, even in the larger set of pair‐efficient rules, we find that TTC is still the only rule that is strategy‐proof and individually rational. Our characterization result gives strong support to the use of TTC in object reallocation problems.
Morada dos Léguas, terra de encantaria: religião e cidade em Codó (Maranhão)
Authors: Ahlert Martina , Lima Conceição de Maria Teixeira , Zalis Lior Zisman
Published: May 2024

O artigo procura responder, a partir de pesquisas etnográficas realizadas em Codó, no interior do Maranhão, como entidades religiosas se relacionam com a cidade. Para alcançar esse objetivo, inicialmente se contextualiza o campo dos estudos de religião de matriz africana no estado, considerando especialmente o terecô, religião trabalhada no texto. Na sequência, são trazidos aspectos da cosmologia e do ritual que chamam a atenção para a relação entre o terecô, os encantados da família de Légua Boji Buá, Codó e suas matas. Assim se elabora a ideia de uma terra de encantaria. Para fazer a passagem à parte final do texto, lança-se mão da categoria êmica “morada” para explorar a constituição dos terrenos, da terra e das casas, a partir de práticas de pessoas e de entidades. Sugerem-se dobras, dimensões e camadas, que são mobilizadas por quem olha, a partir da religião, a cidade. Desdobrando o argumento, conclui-se que pensar, cartográfica e administrativamente, o local não é suficiente: para pensar a cidade e o terecô, é preciso entender que Codó é um lugar de pensamento.
Advancing Critical Literacies Through the Deliberate Approach to Critical Literacy Engagement
Authors: Kaya Jean
Published: May 2024

As efforts to reduce multifaceted societal inequities continue globally, the need to equip students as critically literate citizens and well-informed decision makers becomes more imperative. Taking up what the author has termed as the deliberate approach to critical literacy engagement (DACLE), in this chapter the author argues for a more explicit, intentional, and engaging approach to advance the teaching, learning, and practice of critical literacy more effectively and rapidly. The author situates critical literacies in literacy education, provides insight into some fundamentals of DACLE, and discusses ways of adopting DACLE. The chapter sheds light on how critical literacies play a crucial role in raising critical consciousness for transformative social action.
The Role of Critical Literacy in Troubling Cultural Myths
Authors: Benharris Lyndsey Aubin , Poutasse Katharine Covino
Published: May 2024

This chapter outlines a qualitative study in which the researchers critically analyzed a collection of books and stories for children in early elementary school that depict the landing of Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean. Though educators are required to teach this material to their students, they often do so in a one-sided way. Noting the outsized effect that the books and stories that students encounter in schools shape and solidify young children's thinking, the authors feel called to help educators raise their consciousness of the voices and perspectives that have been left out. By not interrogating the myths of Christopher Columbus, we are committing a double genocide. The Arawak, the people who Columbus ‘discovered', have already been destroyed by the violence and diseases of Columbus and his men. By refusing to allow their voices to be a part of the way we educate children today, we continue to disavow their history and their culture.
Training Curriculum
Authors: Roy Parimal Kumar
Published: May 2024

This chapter aims to discuss the training modules of the civil service training of the Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre and to look for ways to contribute in the future. Following the Indigenous Research Methodology and aligning with the conceptual frameworks, this study analyzed the training curriculum design and participants' behavior who have a colonial legacy. After they were trained in this center, then the colonial behavior and attitude bloomed in their minds. However, findings showed that Bangladesh's civil service has a strong colonial legacy since it is aligned with the decolonial curriculum; both are reflected in their everyday life events. As a recommendation, the chapter proposed reciprocal leadership and governance instead of good governance to free from the decolonial curriculum.
Inclusive Education
Authors: Maxwell Katherine
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the critical role of transformative leadership in inclusive education to challenge assumptions and biases within the Canadian education system. With over 4.9 million students in primary and secondary education, the need for decolonized inclusion mindsets is emphasized. School principals and teachers are called upon to address persistent systemic barriers and implicit biases by deconstructing socially constructed binaries and prioritizing intersectionality. The medical model of dis/ability is critiqued, advocating for a shift towards a social model that recognizes diverse abilities. The prevalence of ableism in education is highlighted, urging a reconceptualization of the system through Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles. The chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding students' multifaceted identities through intersectionality theory and embracing critical dis/ability theory to deconstruct societal constructs.
Decolonising Special Education Using Ubuntu Lens
Authors: Chakabwata William , Mumbire Ronilka
Published: May 2024

This chapter avers that special education in the Global South has been tainted by ideological influence from the Global North. The entire architecture of special education has evolved from a Eurocentric worldview, which ignores the views and thoughts of societies that are different from the Western society. The knowledge system of special education also fails to take into account the colonial history of states that were subjected to the trauma of colonialism and which continue to manifest through coloniality and continue to exacerbate the educational disparity in these states. The gap between privileged schools and those that are marginalised continues to grow. The chapter asserts that ubuntu lens provides for a framework that can meet the needs of most developing states, which seek to experiment with a new way of thinking about special education.
Beneath the Poppy's Veil
Authors: Akram Khansa , Fayyaz Imama , Munir Aleena , Mustafa Kiran , Musaddiq Sara , Iqbal Sadia
Published: May 2024

Plants are one of the essential assets of medicine. Papaver somniferum (scientific name) is native to Southeastern Europe and Asia. The poppy plant is a common herb that is known for its nutritive purposes. Papaver somniferum, which is generally called as the opium poppy, is a source of drugs that have historically been used to help those suffering from pain. It contains several phytochemicals, mainly isolated from seeds. It consists of a lot of alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, narcotine, etc. It can be used in a variety of food products and to make soaps, paints, and other products of industry. This chapter covers cultivation aspects, production, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and ethnobotanical uses. It also consists of biogenic synthesis from poppy seeds.
Ethnobotanical Insights Into the Bioactive Properties of Commercially Important Spice Seeds
Authors: Yingngam Bancha
Published: May 2024

Ethnobotany provides key insights from ancient traditions, particularly focusing on spice seeds. Despite their growing commercial value in food and pharmaceuticals, there is still a need for thorough research into their traditional uses and scientifically validated properties. The objective of this chapter is to compile and integrate current ethnobotanical knowledge with recent scientific findings and highlight the inherent medicinal and pharmacological properties of these plants. A comprehensive examination was conducted on a range of spice seeds. The traditional applications, methods of preparation, and cultural significance of these plants have been described, and the latest scientific findings have confirmed their therapeutic potential. In summary, numerous spice seeds are traditionally considered healing agents, and modern research has confirmed their benefits. The convergence of ethnobotanical knowledge and current scientific advancements has established the foundation for comprehensive integration into modern medicinal practices.
Ethnobotanical, Pharmacological, and Therapeutic Significance of Dill Plants and Their Role in the Biogenic Synthesis of Crucial Chemical Substances
Authors: Akhtar Shahrukh , Nadeem Zukhruf , Perveen Shehla
Published: May 2024

Dill, also known as Anethum graveolens, is a botanical species with an annual life cycle and a branching structure. It is a significant part of Ayurvedic medicine and is used as a spice, flavor enhancer, and essential oil supplier. Dill seeds have carminative, stomachic, and diuretic properties. The volatile components of dill seeds and plants are diverse, with carvone being the main odorant. Other substances found in seeds include steroids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarins. Dill is used in traditional herbal therapy to treat various ailments, including respiratory issues, stomach discomfort, digestive disorders, and low blood sugar and cholesterol. It also has pharmacological benefits, including hypolipidemic, anticancer, antidiabetic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-infertility benefits. Numerous studies have confirmed these effects.
Phytochemical, Ethnobotanical, and Pharmacological Activities of Aframomum melegueta
Authors: Khan Shamsa , Munir Aleena , Fayyaz Okasha , Hassan Ali
Published: May 2024

Aframomum melegueta (grains of paradise) is a herbaceous plant of West Africa, locally used as a spice and to treat common ailments like diarrhea, painful arthritis, snake bite, and scorpion sting. Various parts of the plant like stem, leaves, and roots have various phytochemicals like flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, alkaloids cardiac glycosides, and saponins that give alligator pepper a great medicinal value. These phytochemicals exert anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidants, and hepatoprotective effects. However, more comprehensive studies need to be performed to reveal the medicinal purposes of alligator pepper. This chapter encapsulates findings from previous studies on the phytochemicals, ethnobotanical, pharmacological activities, and biogenic synthesis of chemicals of Aframomum melegueta.
The Nutritional and Therapeutic Aspects of Australian Macadamia Nuts
Authors: Nisa Fakhr Un , Batool Tahira
Published: May 2024

Macadamia nuts, native to Australia, are a nutritional powerhouse with numerous health benefits. They are rich in heart-healthy monounsaturated fats, antioxidants, essential vitamins and minerals, and antioxidants. They help regulate blood sugar levels, provide a sensation of fullness, and have anti-inflammatory properties. Macadamia nuts also hydrate skin and may prevent signs of ageing. They are used in skin care products due to their hydrating and restorative properties. However, some people have severe allergic reactions, potentially leading to respiratory issues. Overall, Australian macadamia nuts offer a fun and health-conscious option for those seeking a holistic approach to well-being.