bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation‐Based Education for Urgent Medical Complications Common to the Rehabilitation Setting: An Educational Program for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residents
Authors: Malmut Laura , Rho Monica E.
Published: February 2019

Background

Simulation technology is being increasingly adopted into medical education and is consistently associated with positive effects on knowledge, skills, and patient‐related outcomes. There is little evidence on the use of simulation technology for the instruction of urgent medical complications to physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residents.

Objective

To examine whether a simulation‐based educational program can improve PM&R resident confidence and knowledge in the assessment and management of urgent medical complications.

Design

Pretest‐posttest design.

Setting

Academic freestanding acute inpatient rehabilitation hospital.

Participants

Twelve Post‐Graduate Year (PGY)‐2 PM&R residents at the start of the academic year.

Methods

Residents completed an integrated didactic and simulation‐based curriculum on the assessment and management of five urgent medical complications: seizures, agitation, ventricular assist device (VAD)‐associated complications, sympathetic storming, and autonomic dysreflexia. Simulations were conducted using a high‐fidelity manikin.

Main Outcome Measurements

Surveys and knowledge assessments were completed at baseline and immediately following training. Survey responses were recorded on a Likert scale ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. Multiple‐choice knowledge assessments were scored out of 100%. Within‐group differences from baseline to postintervention were analyzed.

Results

There was a positive correlation between baseline experience and baseline confidence scores (r = 0.877). Improved confidence was demonstrated in the assessment and management of all five topics (P < .05). Knowledge assessment scores significantly improved from 57.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 50.6% to 65.4%) at baseline to 85.0% (95% CI 81.6% to 88.4%) following the course (P < .001). The education program was rated highly by both learners (mean satisfaction score, Likert score [LS] = 4.6) and instructors (mean satisfaction score, LS = 4.5).

Conclusions

Application of a simulation‐based educational model to the instruction of urgent medical complications to PM&R residents resulted in increased knowledge with added benefits of confidence building and high levels of enjoyment.

Level of Evidence

II
DAPO‐LLM‐105: Improving the Particle Morphology and Thermal Stability
Authors: Pasquinet Eric , Pin Nicolas , Forzy Alexandre , Palmas Pascal , Rideau Joël , Beaucamp Arnaud , Lalière Eric , Perdrigeat Marie‐L. , Quéré Stéphane , Barthet Christelle , Wuillaume Anne
Published: February 2019

A number of different quench media were evaluated in order to improve the characteristics of 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide (LLM‐105) obtained via nitration of 2,6‐diaminopyrazine‐1‐oxide (DAPO). After a first screening phase, seven aqueous solutions containing a selected additive were used to quench the nitrating mixture in scale‐up experiments. Complete characterization of the resulting LLM‐105 indicated that nitrate salts as additives, especially ammonium and potassium nitrate, provided a high quality product, without requiring any further recrystallization. Notably, both particle morphology and thermal stability were significantly improved over the ones obtained using the standard pure water quench. This new DAPO‐LLM‐105 has been compared to the conventional DMP‐LLM‐105 and showed similar characteristics with even better insensitivity data.
Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of novel Vicia faba germplasm with tolerance to acetohydroxyacid synthase‐inhibiting herbicides (AHAS) developed through mutagenesis techniques
Authors: Mao Dili , Michelmore Simon , Paull Jeff , Preston Christopher , Sutton Tim , Oldach Klaus , Yang Shi Y , McMurray Larn
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important crop in Australian farming systems, however, weed control is a major constraint due to a lack of in‐crop broadleaf herbicide options. To address this, we developed acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) inhibitor herbicide tolerance in faba bean using mutagenesis techniques. Dose–response experiments, agronomic field evaluation and DNA sequencing of the AHAS gene were used to quantify and validate tolerance traits.

RESULTS

Four M2 faba bean single‐plant biotypes (IMI‐1, IMI‐2, IMI‐3 and IMI‐4) at a frequency of 3.63 × 10−6 were successfully recovered. Molecular characterisation of the AHAS gene identified two known target site mutations (resulting in protein substitutions Ala205Val and Ser653Asn) conferring tolerance. Phenotypic characterisation found that both mutations conferred high levels of tolerance to the imidazolinone herbicide imazapyr. However, although the Ala205Val substitution showed improved levels of cross‐tolerance to a range of sulfonylurea chemistries, the Ser653Asn substitution did not. In the field, IMI‐3 showed the highest level of agronomic tolerance across a range of imidazolinone herbicides.

CONCLUSIONS

Mutagenesis techniques were successful in the development of tolerance to AHAS inhibitor herbicides in faba bean, and could facilitate the first safe in‐crop broadleaf herbicide control option in Australian faba bean production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Colleges can grow their own leaders
Authors: Gay Judith L. , Tobia Susan J.
Published: February 2019

Concern about the pipeline for leadership positions in community colleges has been a major factor in community colleges creating their own programs on leadership development since the early 2000s. These programs are often identified as “Grow Your Own” programs. The concern about the leadership pipeline was one factor when the Community College of Philadelphia started a leadership development program in 2002.
Harperocallis is congeneric with Isidrogalvia (Tofieldiaceae, Alismatales): Evidence from comparative floral morphology
Authors: Remizowa Margarita V. , Sokoloff Dmitry D. , Campbell Lisa M. , Stevenson Dennis W. , Rudall Paula J.
Published: February 2019

Flowers of most Tofieldiaceae are inserted laterally in the axils of well‐developed flower‐subtending bracts in a racemose inflorescence, each flower possessing a characteristic calyculus. The monospecific genus Harperocallis, which is endemic to north‐western Florida, represents the only member of Tofieldiaceae with a consistently solitary terminal flower. We compare flowers of H. flava with those of Isidrogalvia, a putative close relative of Harperocallis from South America. We analyse the resulting data in an extended morphological analysis for the entire family. Both Harperocallis and Isidrogalvia lack septal nectaries, which are functionally replaced by tuberculate glands on the ovary walls; in both genera the carpels are united with congenital carpel fusion at the gynoecium base. Flowers of both genera are relatively large and highly vascularized; the calycular phyllomes and tepals each possess several veins and the carpels contain (in addition to dorsal and ventral bundles) both lateral bundles and separate placental bundles that support massive intrusive placentae. The presence of a synascidiate zone with congenital intercarpellary fusion in both genera is correlated with the formation of heterocarpellary ventral bundles. Harperocallis is unusual in that the stamens are often supplied by three veins. Our morphological cladistic analysis supports earlier molecular data indicating a close relationship between Harperocallis and Isidrogalvia, and several morphological characters are revealed as synapomorphies of this sister‐pairing. This finding, resulting from strong morphological similarities between Harperocallis and Isidrogalvia, allows the transfer of H. flava into Isidrogalvia.
Centropodieae and Ellisochloa, a new tribe and genus in Chloridoideae (Poaceae)
Authors: Peterson Paul M. , Romaschenko Konstantin , Barker Nigel P. , Linder H. Peter
Published: February 2019

There has been confusion among taxonomists regarding the subfamilial placement of Merxmuellera papposa, M. rangei, and four species of Centropodia even though many researchers have included them in molecular studies. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 127 species using seven plastid regions (rps3, rps16‐trnK, rps16, rpl32‐trnL, ndhF, ndhA, matK) to infer the evolutionary relationships of Centropodia, M. papposa, and M. rangei with other grasses. Merxmuellera papposa and M. rangei form a clade that is sister to three species of Centropodia, and together they are sister to the remaining tribes in Chloridoideae. We provide the carbon isotope ratios for four species indicating that Merxmuellera papposa and M. rangei are photosynthetically C3, and Centropodia glauca and C. mossamdensis are C4. We present evidence in favor of the expansion of subfamily Chloridoideae to include a new tribe, Centropodieae, which includes two genera, Centropodia and a new genus, Ellisochloa with two species, Ellisochloa papposa and E. rangei. The name Danthonia papposa Nees is lectotypified.
Systematic position of Ivania, Scoliaxon, and Phravenia (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Warwick Suzanne I. , Sauder Connie A. , Al-Shehbaz Ihsan A.
Published: February 2019

Sequence data from the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were used to determine the tribal placements of the previously unassigned genera Ivania, Scoliaxon, and Phravenia (gen. nov.; named in honor of Dr. Peter H. Raven). The utilization of the ITS‐based phylogenetic tribal backbone of Brassicaceae placed three genera in relation to the 44 recognized tribes in the family. Scoliaxon, although showing remarkable morphological similarities to Asta (Asteae), formed an independent clade with 100% bootstrap (BS) support in the tribal analysis, whereas both Ivania and Phravenia clustered with the Thelypodieae clade (96% BS support). In a second and more comprehensive analysis of Thelypodieae, both species of Ivania formed a clade with 61% BS support within the tribe and were affiliated to other Thelypodieae genera from the Southern Hemisphere. The monospecific Phravenia (P. viereckii, formerly Arabis/Dryopetalon viereckii) formed a clade with 74%–76% bootstrap support within Thelypodieae, and its species did not resolve with Dryopetalon or Sibara in which it had been previously assigned. The present findings support the placement of Ivania and Phravenia in Thelypodieae, as well as the recognition of the new genus Phravenia and new tribe Scoliaxoneae, both of which are formally described herein.
A reassessment of the supposed Echium homonyms in the Prodromi of Burman and Thunberg with typification of their Echium names now in Lobostemon and Echiostachys
Authors: Nordenstam Bertil , Buys Matt H.
Published: February 2019

Supposed homonyms in Thunberg's Prodromus Plantarum Capensium (2 parts, 1794 & 1800) and N.L. Burman's Prodromus Florae Capensis, published in 1768, are interpreted as Thunberg's applications of Burman names rather than ille gitimate later published names. Examples are discussed from the Cape genera Lobostemon Lehm. and Echiostachys Levyns, treated under Echium L. by Burman and Thunberg. Five of twelve Echium names of Thunberg copy those of Burman and are regarded as merely his applications of Burman names known to him from literature, correspondence and personal encounters. Typifications are published for two Burman and six Thunberg names. Type specimens were identified in G, LD, MEL and UPS‐THUNB.
Origin and diversification of the genus Echium (Boraginaceae) in the Cape Verde archipelago
Authors: Romeiras Maria M. , Paulo Octávio S. , Duarte M. Cristina , Pina-Martins Francisco , Cotrim M. Helena , Carine Mark A. , Pais M. Salomé
Published: February 2019

Much work has been done on the endemic floras of Madeira and the Canary Islands but little is known about the origin and diversification of endemic plants of the Cape Verde archipelago. In this study we focus on the three endemic species of the genus Echium L. (Boraginaceae) in Cape Verde. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear (ITS1, ITS2) and plastid (trnT‐L, trnL‐F, rps16, psaI‐accd) DNA markers produced similar topologies that suggest a recent single colonization event in the Cape Verde archipelago, with subsequent diversification during the Pleistocene (<1.8 Ma). All datasets recovered a split between the "southern" (E. hypertropicum, E. vulcanorum) and "northern" (E. stenosiphon s.l.) island species, and suggest that habitat adaptation and inter‐island colonization played a prominent role in the evolution of Echium in Cape Verde. Implications of the results are discussed in the context of the biogeography of the Macaronesian Islands. The northern island species are classified into three distinct subspecies, one for each of the northern islands: E. stenosiphon subsp. stenosiphon endemic to São Vicente, subsp. lindbergii endemic to Santo Antão, and subsp. glabrescens endemic to São Nicolau.
Newmania: A new ginger genus from central Vietnam
Authors: Leong-Škorničková Jana , Lý Ngoc-Sâm , Poulsen Axel Dalberg , Tosh James , Forrest Alan
Published: February 2019

A new genus of Zingiberaceae from Vietnam, Newmania N.S. Lý & Škorničk., with two species Newmania serpens N.S. Lý & Škorničk. and N. orthostachys N.S. Lý & Škorničk., is described and illustrated. Its relationship with Haniffia Holttum and phylogenetic position in the tribe Zingibereae is investigated using nrITS and trnK and matK plastid sequence data. The phylogenetic position of Kedhalia C.K. Lim, another recently described ginger genus from the same tribe, is also discussed briefly.
Molecular systematics and character evolution ofTypha(Typhaceae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data
Authors: Kim Changkyun , Choi Hong-Keun
Published: February 2019

Species identification and analysis of phylogenetic relationships within the genusTyphaare difficult because of the high degree of variability among morphological characters and frequent interspecific hybridization. Traditionally, two sections (T. sect.Ebracteolataeand sect.Bracteolatae) have been recognized within the genus based on the presence or absence of bracteoles in the female flowers. The aims of this study were to reconstruct the phylogeny ofTyphausing DNA sequence data from nuclearLEAFYand three plastid regions, and to evaluate previous classifications. We sampled nine species from various regions that were each invariant at the molecular level. A parsimony consensus tree recovered three clades in the genus: clade I includingT. angustifolia,T. elephantina, T. domingensis, andT. capensis; clade II includingT. orientalisandT. laxmanni; and clade III comprisingT. latifoliaandT. shuttleworthii. Typha minima was found sister to the rest of theTyphaspecies with maximal bootstrap support. The results do not support previous classifications of Typha. Character analysis showed that bracteole loss, spatulate stigma, lack of a gap between staminate and pistillate inflorescences, and monad pollen are derived characteristics inTypha.
A simple and cost‐effective approach for microsatellite isolation in non‐model plant species using small‐scale 454 pyrosequencing
Authors: Takayama Koji , López Patricio S. , König Christiane , Kohl Gudrun , Novak Johannes , Stuessy Tod F.
Published: February 2019

Microsatellites are robust molecular markers for exploring genetic variability in all organisms, now widely used in plant systematics and evolutionary biology. It is sometimes a drawback, however, that de novo isolation and characterization to obtain working primers for as yet unexamined species are prohibitively time‐consuming. Recently, high‐throughput sequencing technologies have had a significant impact on many different types of genomic research; they also provide new opportunities for locating microsatellites in non‐model and not‐previously‐sequenced organisms. Here we report results of high‐throughput sequencing to identify a large number of microsatellites from six distantly related angiosperm plant species (Acer pseudosieboldianum, Drimys confertifolia, Dystaenia takesimana, Hepatica nobilis var. japonica, Myrceugenia fernandeziana, Rhaphithamnus venustus). Using a combination of a total (non‐enrichment) genomic library and small‐scale pyrosequencing (1/8 of a PicoTiterPlate) with multiplexing option, we determined 2.57 to 6.23 Mbp of sequence (10,411 to 21,021 reads) in the genomes of the six species and identified 63 to 284 microsatellites that had flanking regions suitable for primer design; we also obtained 1 to 29 microsatellites located in the chloroplast genome. We tested PCR amplification, reproducibility, and level of polymorphism of 42 primer pairs for Acer pseudosieboldianum and 24 for another five species using eight individuals from two populations. As a result, between 46% and 83% of markers were clearly genotyped, and between 17% and 63% efficaciously detected polymorphisms within populations. This method is cost‐ and time‐effective in comparison with traditional approaches involving cloning and sequencing.
Nomenclature and taxonomy of Croton glabellus L. (Euphorbiaceae), a widespread Caribbean species
Authors: van Ee Benjamin , Gandhi Kanchi N. , Berry Paul E.
Published: February 2019

The application of the names Croton glabellus, C. lucidus, and Phyllanthus glabellus has been confusing since the earliest publications that used them. After a thorough review of these publications and corresponding herbarium specimens, we clarify the nomenclatural confusion surrounding these names and their taxonomy. We identify a new name, Phyllanthus glabellus Fawc. & Rendle, that was inadvertently made. We make the new combination Croton glabellus subsp. polytrichus, and we designate lectotypes for Astrocasia tremula, Croton subsect. Astraeopsis, C. glandulifer, C. lucidus var. polytrichus, and C. spicatus.
Molecular phylogenetics and origins of southern African Oxalis
Authors: Oberlander Kenneth C. , Dreyer Léanne L , Bellstedt Dirk U.
Published: February 2019

Despite being a speciose component of the Cape Floristic Region at the southern tip of Africa, the southern African Oxalis lineage is systematically poorly understood. Palynological and preliminary phylogenetic studies of the group contrast with the current taxonomy, and indicate the need for further research. Here we present a largescale phylogenetic analysis comprising 150 of ± 210 southern African species, sampled for plastid trnL–F and trnS–G and nuclear ITS markers, using three different inference methods. Secondly, we explore the origins of southern African Oxalis as a potential Cape clade. Despite substantial localised incongruence between plastid and nuclear datasets, analyses agreed on a monophyletic southern African clade, which consists of two species–poor and one extremely species–rich lineages. The current taxonomy is shown to be artificial, with not one section retrieved as monophyletic. Our topologies are consistent with previous palynological and phylogenetic studies, and provide a backbone for future systematic work. Reconstructions of ancestral area for the southern African lineage support an origin within or close to the Cape Floristic Region.
Parasyncalathium J.W. Zhang, Boufford & H. Sun (Asteraceae, Cichorieae): A new genus endemic to the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains
Authors: Zhang Jian-Wen , Boufford David E. , Sun Hang
Published: February 2019

A new Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains endemic genus, Parasyncalathium J. W. Zhang, Boufford & H. Sun (Asteraceae, Cichorieae, Lactucinae) is described. Parasyncalathium is based on Syncalathium souliei (Franch.) Y. Ling, originally placed in Lactuca sect. Aggregatae Franch., as L. souliei Franch., then later moved to Syncalathium Lipschitz. Previous published evidence from cytology, molecular phylogeny, and morphology, and especially SEM of cypsela morphology in the present study confirm the difference between Syncalathium souliei and Syncalathium s. str., the latter including the type species of the genus, S.kawaguchii (Kitam.) Y. Ling. Syncalathium s.str. should be placed in subtribe Crepidinae (Asteraceae, Cichorieae); S. souliei, although distinct from other members of the subtribe, remains in Lactucinae where it groups within Lactuca s.l. in the tree topology.
Pliocene intercontinental dispersal from Africa to Southeast Asia highlighted by the new species Begonia afromigrata (Begoniaceae)
Authors: de Wilde Jan J.F.E. , Hughes Mark , Rodda Michele , Thomas Daniel C.
Published: February 2019

A new Begonia species from Laos and Thailand is described. It belongs to Begonia sect. Tetraphila, along with 30 other species which are all endemic to Africa. This is the first record of any of the 65 currently accepted sections in Begonia transgressing continental borders. A dated molecular phylogeny places the split of the new Asian species from its African congeners during the late Miocene to the early Pleistocene. As the species is a hygromesophilous epiphyte limited to tropical forest, no suitable corridor for migration existed during that time and the cause of the Afro–Asian disjunction probably is a long–distance dispersal event. The discovery of B. afromigrata emphasises the importance of chance in the assembly of tropical floras.
New insights into the relationships between Paraboea, Trisepalum, and Phylloboea (Gesneriaceae) and their taxonomic consequences
Authors: Puglisi Carmen , Middleton David J. , Triboun Pramote , Möller Michael
Published: February 2019

The phylogenetic relationships between Paraboea, Trisepalum and Phylloboea, in the twisted–fruited clade of the advanced Asiatic and Malesian Gesneriaceae, were investigated using nuclear and chloroplast data. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses demonstrated unambiguously that the three genera originated from a single common ancestor, that Phylloboea is nested deeply in Trisepalum and that in turn Trisepalum is nested in Paraboea. As Paraboea has been conserved against Phylloboea and Trisepalum the necessary new combinations in Paraboea are made here. The enlarged genus Paraboea comprises around 120 species. The phylogeny presented here will provide a valuable framework for future biogeographic and comparative studies in Gesneriaceae.
Typification and interpretation of Philodendron imbe Schott ex Kunth (Araceae)
Authors: Mayo Simon J. , Sakuragui Cassia M.
Published: February 2019

The name Philodendron imbe has been used for at least three species of hemi–epiphytic Philodendron species of medium stature with cordate to cordate–sagittate leaves occurring in the Atlantic Forest region of Brazil. Many specimens so determined are found throughout the world's herbaria, especially in Brazil, North America, and Europe. This investigation shows that descriptions made by H.W. Schott in 1832, 1856, and 1860 differ from those of species to which the name has been most widely applied ever since; in particular, from P. acutatum Schott and P. appendiculatum Nadruz & Mayo. The name Philodendron imbe is here neotypified on plate 34, published in J. Peyritsch's Aroideae Maximilianae in 1879, based on a collection made by Franz Maly in the region of Rio de Janeiro. We propose that P. imbe is a rare and possibly extinct species from the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro State which has not been correctly identified in any collections made since 1860.
Financial impact of an outbreak of clinically diagnosed blackleg – a case study from Lao PDR
Authors: Nampanya Sonevilay , Khounsy Syseng , Dhand Navneet K. , Bush Russell D. , Windsor Peter A.
Published: February 2019

Blackleg (BL) is an acute to peracute highly fatal infectious disease of mainly large ruminants characterised by lesions of myonecrosis caused by Clostridium chauvoei, usually presenting as a sudden onset of sporadic mortalities. In Southeast Asia, ‘BL’ is considered a cause of occasional outbreaks of a subacute febrile illness, although there are few published reports available. Investigation of a major outbreak of clinically diagnosed BL occurring in large ruminants (cattle and buffalo) in three neighbouring villages in central Laos in mid‐2017, was conducted to determine the financial impacts of BL on smallholder livelihoods. Owners of BL‐infected large ruminants in the three affected villages were interviewed (n = 27) and financial losses including losses due to mortality, morbidity and costs of treatments, were determined. The reports of clinical signs of subcutaneous swelling with palpable crepitus in febrile animals were considered consistent with a diagnosis of BL. The outbreak occurred in 47 of a total 449 households with large ruminants across the three villages, affecting 147 of a total population of 3505 ‘at risk’ large ruminants with 71 deaths reported. At the household level, the mean morbidity and mortality rates were 5 ± 4(95% CI: 3–6) and 3 ± 2(95% CI: 1–4) heads per household, respectively. The estimated financial losses due to BL per affected household was USD 822 ± 692(95% CI: 518–1125), being 122% of their annual household income from large ruminant sales. The comparison between the estimated losses due to BL per village and cost of annual BL vaccination programmes, indicated a potential economic benefit of USD3.09 and USD12.37 for every dollar invested in the vaccination programme, if BL outbreaks occur every 20 and 5 years, respectively. This study indicates that clinically diagnosed BL can cause significant losses to smallholder households, and requires Lao animal health authorities to consider vaccination interventions to prevent losses from re‐emergence of BL in the known endemically affected areas.
Gravitating solitons and black holes with synchronised hair in the four dimensional O(3) sigma-model
Authors: Herdeiro C. , Perapechka I. , Radu E. , Shnir Ya.
Published: February 2019

Abstract

We consider the O(3) non-linear sigma-model, composed of three real scalar fields with a standard kinetic term and with a symmetry breaking potential in four space-time dimensions. We show that this simple, geometrically motivated model, admits both self-gravitating, asymptotically flat, non-topological solitons and hairy black holes, when minimally coupled to Einstein’s gravity, without the need to introduce higher order kinetic terms in the scalar fields action. Both spherically symmetric and spinning, axially symmetric solutions are studied. The solutions are obtained under a ansatz with oscillation (in the static case) or rotation (in the spinning case) in the internal space. Thus, there is symmetry non-inheritance: the matter sector is not invariant under the individual spacetime isometries. For the hairy black holes, which are necessarily spinning, the internal rotation (isorotation) must be synchronous with the rotational angular velocity of the event horizon. We explore the domain of existence of the solutions and some of their physical properties, that resemble closely those of (mini) boson stars and Kerr black holes with synchronised scalar hair in Einstein-(massive, complex)-Klein-Gordon theory.
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Tumor Size >3 cm Negatively Impacts Long‐Term Outcomes After R0 Resection
Authors: Cattoni Maria , Vallières Eric , Brown Lisa M. , Sarkeshik Amir A. , Margaritora Stefano , Siciliani Alessandra , Filosso Pier Luigi , Guerrera Francesco , Imperatori Andrea , Rotolo Nicola , Farjah Farhood , Wandell Grace , Costas Kimberly , Mann Catherine , Hubka Michal , Kaplan Stephen , Farivar Alexander S. , Aye Ralph W. , Louie Brian E.
Published: February 2019

Background

Minimal knowledge exists regarding the outcome, prognosis and optimal treatment strategy for patients with pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC) due to their rarity. We aimed to identify factors affecting survival and recurrence after resection to inform current treatment strategies.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 72 patients who had undergone a curative resection for LCNEC in 8 centers between 2000 and 2015. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify the factors influencing recurrence, disease‐specific survival and overall survival. These included age, gender, previous malignancy, ECOG performance status, symptoms at diagnosis, extent of resection, extent of lymphadenectomy, additional chemo‐ and/or radiotherapy, tumor location, tumor size, pT, pleural invasion, pN and pStage.

Results

Median follow‐up was 47 (95%CI 41–79) months; 5‐year disease‐specific and overall survival rates were 57.6% (95%CI 41.3–70.9) and 47.4% (95%CI 32.3–61.1). There were 22 systemic recurrences and 12 loco‐regional recurrences. Tumor size was an independent prognostic factor for systemic recurrence [HR: 1.20 (95%CI 1.01–1.41); p = 0.03] with a threshold value of 3 cm (AUC = 0.71). For tumors ≤3 cm and >3 cm, 5‐year freedom from systemic recurrence was 79.2% (95%CI 43.6–93.6) and 38.2% (95%CI 20.6–55.6) (p < 0.001) and 5‐year disease‐specific survival was 60.7% (95%CI 35.1–78.8) and 54.2% (95%CI 32.6–71.6) (p = 0.31), respectively.

Conclusions

A large proportion of patients with surgically resected LCNEC will develop systemic recurrence after resection. Patients with tumors >3 cm have a significantly higher rate of systemic recurrence suggesting that adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered after complete resection of LCNEC >3 cm, even in the absence of nodal involvement.
Palynofloral and Palynofacies Evidences and its Implication on the Depositional Environment from Wardha Valley Coalfield, Maharashtra
Authors: Murthy Srikanta , Sarate Omprakash S. , Aggarwal Neha
Published: February 2019

The palynological and palynofacies studies have been undertaken on the sub-surface sediments of borehole AK-19 from Asthona area of the Wardha coalfield, India. The present investigation has revealed the existence of two distinct palynological assemblages, which have been designated as palynoassemblage – I and II respectively. The former, has shown a predominance of monosaccates viz., Parasaccites, Plicatipollenites, Potonieisporites, and Crucisaccites, whereas, the latter is characterized by the dominance of striate bisaccates such as Faunipollenites and sub-dominance of non-striate bisaccate Scheuringipollenites along with other striate forms such as Striatopodocarpites, Crescentipollenites, and Rhizomaspora. The other genera recorded mainly includes Parasaccites, Indotriradites, and Callumispora, which suggests that primarily herbaceous and the arborescent plants where luxuriantly growing in the forest with the prevalence of hygrophilous and mesophilous environmental conditions. The recovered palynoassemblages are governed mainly by the gymnosperms such as glossopterids, conifers, and cordaites, etc., flourished in near shore areas in riverine, lacustrine conditions as well as in large swamps and marshy habitat with the prevalence of initially cold climatic conditions (Palynoassemblage-I) which later on became temperate (Palynoassemblage-II).

The present palynoassemblages have a closer affiliation with the known early Permian palynofloras of other Gondwana basins of India such as Umrer and Kamthi coalfields and Godavari, Damodar, Son-Mahanadi and Satpura basins. It can also be tentatively correlated with the early Permian palynoassemblages ofo South America, Antarctica, Australia, Africa and Salt range of Pakistan. Hence, Artinskian and Kungurian age (early Permian) has been assigned to the studied palynoassemblages respectively.

The study of organic matter has revealed three distinct palynofacies (I-III) which are characterized by the dominance of palynomorphs (Palynofacies-I), phytoclasts (Palynofacies-II) and biodegraded organic matter (Palynofacies-III) respectively. Palynofacies-I-III reflects the proximal fresh water settings; oxidizing fluvio-deltaic near shore conditions and distal dysoxic waterlogged settings respectively. Palynofacies-I and II represent the oxidizing conditions while Palynofacies-III represents the reducing conditions.
Studies on Toxicity of Fluoride and Impact of Endemic Fluorosis from Groundwater Resources of Bagalkot District, Karnataka – Geospatial Information System Approach
Authors: Gaonkar S. M. , Karabasannavar S. S. , Patil Venkanagouda B. B. , Kalashetty M. B. , Kalashetty B. M.
Published: February 2019

Fluorine is most electronegative element, never occurs in free state due to its high reactivity. In most of the places of the world drinking water from underground sources is invariably contaminated with fluoride. The concentration of fluoride according to the WHO standard allowed upper limit is 1.5 ppm whereas as per Indian standard, the allowed upper limit is 1.0 mg/litre. Fluoride ion gets contaminated in drinking water due to weathering of the soil and rocks and the groundwater sources of granite belt of Bagalkot district, contain much higher concentration of fluoride (up to 6 or 7 ppm). In this survey it is found that the concentration of fluoride even at 1.34 ppm has caused tooth decay with the permanent brown scales on the teeth.
Weighted averages of n-convex functions via extension of Montgomery’s identity
Authors: Khan Asif R. , Pečarić Josip E. , Praljak Marjan
Published: February 2019

Using an extension of Montgomery’s identity and the Green’s function, we obtain new identities and related inequalities for weighted averages of n-convex functions, i.e. the sum $$\sum _{i=1}^m \rho _i h(\lambda _i)$$

∑

i
=
1

m

ρ
i

h

(

λ
i

)

and the integral $$\int ^{b}_{a} \rho (\lambda ) h(\gamma (\lambda ))d\lambda $$

∫
a
b

ρ

(
λ
)

h

(
γ

(
λ
)

)

d
λ

where h is an n-convex function.
Dietary trends from 1950 to 2010: a Dutch cookbook analysis
Authors: Buisman Marjolein E. , Jonkman Jochem
Published: February 2019

Dietary trends and changing lifestyle patterns have been associated with the increasing occurrence of obesity in the Western world. These dietary trends are commonly studied using longitudinal food consumption surveys. An alternative to studying changes in eating behaviour may be found in recipe analysis of traditional cookbooks. Few such studies exist, however, and it is unclear whether dietary trends over time can be identified this way. The present paper analyses full-meal recipes from a traditional Dutch cookbook between 1950 and 2010. The selected recipes show an increase in energy density. Additionally, the protein weight per kcal increased. In general, the observed trends are similar to those identified by the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey. The analysis therefore suggests that traditional cookbooks can be used as an indicator to identify dietary trends over time, although further studies are necessary to support this hypothesis.
On isolated millisecond pulsars formed by the coalescence of neutron stars and massive white dwarfs
Authors: Sun Shengnan , Li Lin , Liu Helei , Lü Guoliang , Wang Zhaojun , Zhu Chunhua
Published: February 2019

This paper uses population synthesis to investigate the possible origin of isolated millisecond pulsars as born from the coalescence of a neutron star and a white dwarf. Results show that the galactic birth rate of isolated millisecond pulsars is likely to lie between 5.8×10−5 yr−1 and 2.0×10−4 yr−1, depending on critical variables, such as the stability of mass transfer via the Roche lobe and the value of kick velocity. In addition to this, this paper estimates that the solar mass of isolated millisecond pulsars can range from 1.5 and 2.0 Mʘ, making them more massive than other ‘normal’ pulsars. Finally, the majority of isolated millisecond pulsars in our simulations have spin periods ranging from several to 20 ms, which is consistent with previous observations.
An Iconic Odd Couple: The Hagiographic Rehabilitation of Epiphanius and John Chrysostom
Authors: Kim Young Richard
Published: February 2019

When saints utter prophetic words, they must in some way come true, at least in the hagiographic tradition. But what if one holy person curses another (andvice versa)? Such was the case between Epiphanius and John Chrysostom during the so-called Origenist Controversy, which ensued at the end of the fourth century and into the fifth. Epiphanius, working at the behest of Theophilus of Alexandria, was suspicious of John's orthodoxy and accused him of harboring Origenist fugitives. Epiphanius played the provocateur, traveling to Constantinople and conspiring to discredit John and cast doubts on his leadership, while John did his best to accommodate his elderly colleague from Cyprus. Their differences, however, were irreconcilable. In the end, each bishop wished a dubious fate for the other, both of which came true: Epiphanius died on his journey home, and John was deposed twice and died in exile. Yet both are revered as preeminent fathers of the church, and so in order to reach a point in which they could be counted together as saints, a process of hagiographical rehabilitation and selective forgetfulness began soon after their respective deaths.
Is Coming into Existence Always a Harm? Qoheleth in Dialogue with David Benatar
Authors: Peterson Jesse M.
Published: February 2019

Contemporary philosopher David Benatar has advanced the self-evidently controversial claim that “coming into existence is always a harm.” Benatar’s argument turns on the basic asymmetry between pleasure and pain, an asymmetry he seeks to explain by the principle that those who never exist cannot be deprived. Benatar’s import is almost incredible: humans should cease to procreate immediately, thereby engendering the extinction of the species—a view known as “anti-natalism.” According to many of his readers, the ancient Hebrew sage Qoheleth expresses a pessimistic nihilism that runs as thick as Benatar’s.Prima faciegrounding for this assertion is that Qoheleth, like Benatar, raises the issue of whether coming into existence may be a harm—and gives an affirmative answer. In two passages, Eccl 6:1–6 and 4:1–3, Qoheleth declares that an unborn hypothetical person is “better off” than their existent counterpart. Yet the meaning and implication of these words is far from obvious. Does Qoheleth imply that the non-exister’s state, and non-existence in general, is universally superior to existence? Or is he instead speaking exceptionally, of particular persons in rare circumstances? By examining the two “better”-statements in their literary context, I will argue that Qoheleth intends these examples as exceptions. He does not go so far as to make the supremely nihilistic claim that coming into existence is always, or even generally, a net harm; yet, he does concede that in certain cases, it can be. Beyond this, I will explore how the two thinkers’ divergent conclusions can be traced to a deeper difference of philosophical method. This question concerning non-existence opens a window to Qoheleth’s broader scheme of values and therefore serves as a surprisingly useful entry point by which to engage his philosophy. The paper utilizes the methodology Jaco Gericke has recently termed “philosophical criticism,” but specifically applied to Qoheleth.
The relationship between parasite virulence and environmental persistence: a meta-analysis
Authors: Rafaluk-Mohr Charlotte
Published: February 2019

Why some parasites evolve and maintain extreme levels of virulence is a question that remains largely unanswered. A body of theory predicts that parasites that form long-lived spores able to persist in the environment evolve higher virulence, known as the sit and wait hypothesis. Such parasites can obliterate their local host population and wait in the environment for further hosts to arrive, reducing some of the costs of high virulence. On the other hand, some models predict the opposite to be true, that virulence and environmental persistence are both costly and traded off, the resource allocation hypothesis. I conducted a meta-analysis on published data on the relationship between environmental persistence and virulence collected to date. I first examined all data available to date and then conducted a smaller analysis focussing on just those studies testing the specific predictions of the sit and wait hypothesis. Empirical work supports both hypotheses; however, the direction of the effect is largely associated with parasite type. In both analyses, viruses tend to show evidence of resource allocation trade-offs, these traits are positively correlated in bacterial and fungal parasites.
Empire as a Subject for Philosophy (Polis, Imperium, Cosmopolis)
Authors: Alexander James
Published: February 2019

In order to consider the question of whether empire is a subject for philosophy, I do three things. I sketch an original typology of three types of state, which I call polis, imperium and cosmopolis, in order to show that the second is an important philosophical conception which lies behind the terminology of empire and imperialism. I also consider modern theories of empire and imperialism in order to indicate some of their limitations as theories. And finally I indicate that it is important even for philosophers to recognise that all imperial terminology emerges out of a very complicated history in which the concept of imperium has been extended and distorted in meaning, so that, at best, any good theory of empire or imperialism can only be some sort of recapitulation of that history. Neither the second nor the third of these claims undermines the claim of imperium to be a concept of the state which is of great political and philosophical significance.
International Polar Week as an educational activity to boost science–educational links: Portugal as a case study
Authors: Xavier José C. , Azinhaga Patrícia Fialho , Seco José , Fugmann Gerlis
Published: February 2019

International Polar Week is an educational activity that has been carried out since the International Polar Year 2007–2008 (known then as International Polar Days). This event, which brings together educators and polar scientists to promote polar science, is generally organised by the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists and Polar Educators International. Here we provide an overview of how International Polar Week started, and describe its implementation in Portugal, a “non-polar” country. We quantify the activities carried out during International Polar Weeks in Portugal between 2012 and 2017, which involved >96,000 students, >200 schools, >1900 educators and 100 polar scientists, with talks and Skype calls by polar scientists being the most frequent activities. Portugal’s International Polar Weeks have involved students, educators and polar scientists from 18 other countries, in particular from the United Kingdom and Brazil. We conclude by providing recommendations to other countries wanting to implement International Polar Weeks.
Conversion efficiency of even harmonics of whistler pulse in quantum magnetoplasma
Authors: Kumar Punit , Singh Shiv , Ahmad Nafees
Published: February 2019

Study of even harmonic generation resulting from propagation of whistler pulse in homogeneous high-density quantum plasma immersed in an externally applied magnetic field, using the recently developed quantum hydrodynamic model is presented. The effects of quantum Bohm potential, quantum statistical pressure, and electron spin have been taken into account. The field amplitude of even harmonic of the whistler with respect to fundamental wave and the conversion efficiency for phase-mismatch has been analyzed. The conversion efficiency of harmonic radiation depends on the plasma electron density, magnetic field strength as well as the intensity of whistler pulse. The efficiency increases significantly with an increase in plasma density, magnetic field and whistler wave intensity. Higher conversion efficiency is observed in degenerate plasma for lower values of the static magnetic field as compared with classical plasma.
Revisiting Islamic Laws of Istiḥāḍa
Authors: MAZUZ HAGGAI
Published: February 2019

The Islamic laws pertaining to mustḥāḍa—women who have dysfunctional uterine bleeding (istiḥāḍa)—have been overlooked in the research literature. This article reopens the research discourse on this topic by discussing two related questions: may a mustḥāḍa perform religious obligations and may she have sexual intercourse? The questions are shown to be somewhat related. It is found that jurists conceded the right of a mustḥāḍa to pray but disagreed about why—implying, contrary to previous scholarship, that Islam accommodates different levels of ritual impurity—and that they held divergent views on her having intercourse. By probing and investigating Islamic legal sources, it is shown that research assertions about istiḥāḍa thus far require circumscription and re-examination.
Jørn Utzon's synthesis of Chinese and Japanese architecture in the design for Bagsværd Church
Authors: Chiu Chen-Yu , Goad Philip , Myers Peter , Kılınçer Nur Yıldız
Published: February 2019

In his essay of 1983, ‘Towards a Critical Regionalism’, Kenneth Frampton referred to the Bagsværd Church as a primary exemplar, briefly citing the architect's representation of ‘the Chinese pagoda roof’ in this project, to emphasise the importance of crosscultural inspiration in the creation of ‘critical regionalism’. Peter Myers followed Frampton in his 1993 ‘Une histoire inachevée’, arguing for the significant role that Chinese architecture played as a source for Utzon's Bagsværd Church design and further variations on the theme of Chinese and Japanese exemplars on Utzon's work follows. Françoise Fromonot established the importance of the 1925 edition of the Yingzao-fashi (State Building Standard, first published in 1103 ad) and Johannes Prip-Møller's 1937 Chinese Buddhist Monasteries for Utzon; Philip Drew pointed out the significance of the work of Chinese writer Lin Yutang (1895–1976) and historian Osvald Sirén (1879–1966) as important channels through which Utzon perceived East Asian art and architecture; while in 2002, Richard Weston suggested Das Japanische Wohnhaus (1935), written by Japanese architect Tetsuro Yoshida (1894–1956), as a formational influence in Utzon's early perception of Japanese building culture. However, none of these works attempt to clarify the precise role that Chinese and Japanese precedents play in Utzon's architectural career. Two more recent studies, by Philip Goad and Michael Asgaard Andersen, have confirmed the role of Chinese architecture in Utzon's church design and have introduced new evidence and details, but there are still unanswered questions about the exact nature of these influences. This article attempts to address the detailed process of Utzon's cross-cultural practices for his design of the Bagsværd Church in order to reveal how Utzon interpreted specific ideas, ideals, and artefacts from East Asian building culture.
PARITY OF THE LANGLANDS PARAMETERS OF CONJUGATE SELF-DUAL REPRESENTATIONS OF AND THE LOCAL JACQUET–LANGLANDS CORRESPONDENCE
Authors: Mieda Yoichi
Published: February 2019

We determine the parity of the Langlands parameter of a conjugate self-dual supercuspidal representation of$\text{GL}(n)$over a non-archimedean local field by means of the local Jacquet–Langlands correspondence. It gives a partial generalization of a previous result on the self-dual case by Prasad and Ramakrishnan.