bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microalbuminuria in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Risk factors Title of your
Authors: Ramzi Zhian S. , Sulaiman Mahfoodh A.
Published: August 2017

Microalbuminuria is the most leading cause for cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, end stage renal diseases, and death among diabetic patients. The study carried out                                                                                       to find out the prevalence of microalbuminuria in a sample of Sulaimani diabetics and to determine its relation to different associated risk factors. The first part of study was a cross-sectional study conducted through examination of records of diabetic patients registered in Sulaimani Diabetic Center from June 2010 to May 2012. The second part was a case- control study that conducted in the same center, including 50 cases of diabetics with positive microalbuminuria, and 50 controls with negative one, that were registered in the same center and matched by age and gender. A specially designed questionnaire was used by researcher to collect information from the records. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Males accounts for half of cases and controls, highest proportion of sample was found among age group (60-69) years about 34%. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 29%. The study showed a statistical significant association of microalbuminuria with obesity, smoking, hypertension, retinopathy, ischemic heart disease, poor glycemic control, and dyslipidemia.  In conclusion moderate prevalence of microalbuminuria was found among diabetic patients, the prevalence was more common in poor glycemic control, and hypertensive diabetics. There was significant relation between microalbuminuria and diabetic nephropathy.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of personal and oral hygiene among undergraduate university students in Sulaimani city
Authors: Hasan Akam Mustafa , Abdulqadir Mardin Othman
Published: August 2017

Poor hygiene performance and insufficient sanitary conditions assume real parts in the expanded weight of communicable diseases inside developing nations. Lack of resources such as hand washing materials, water and sanitation facilities may be essential factors why students do not wash their hands, also struggling of affordable toothpaste and absence of awareness regarding oral hygiene may be affected by improper cleaning teeth and tongue. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of personal and oral hygiene among undergraduate university students in Sulaimani city /Iraq and evaluated the degree to which appropriate information of hygiene was related with individual hygiene character. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 1055 undergraduate students who were met via trained staff. Data comprised of cleanliness and hand washing practices, learning about sanitation, individual cleanliness qualities, nearness of gastrointestinal parasitic disease, oral and dental diseases including dental decay and bad breathes. University students with satisfactory information of legitimate personal and oral hygiene probably had clean clothes 68.8% (P value < 0.05), clean hair 72% (0.0001 P value), fingernail trimmed 139% (P value> 0.05), clean teeth 59.4% (P value <0.05), good mouth breath 57% (P value <0.05). Approximately 57.2% of students were delegated having sufficient information of legitimate cleanliness (P value <0.05). Most students preferred hand washing after defecation (96.5%) (P value <0.05), while 93.8% revealed utilizing shampoo. On the other hand 62.7% of contributors reported brushing their teeth before going to sleep (P value <0.05) and 74% of participants revealed cleaning their tongue sometimes (P value< 0.01). this study discovered  underscore the requirement for more cleanliness training in universities; and give target confirm that may direct the improvement of far reaching personal, oral hygiene and health mediation programs in Sulaimani universities. Furthermore the effective usage of this study is probably going to significantly weaken the transmissible diseases.
DEVELOPING THE SYSTEM OF INDICATORS FOR SCHEDULING PROCESS AUTOMATION AT HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Khasukhadzhiev Apti Said-Akhmadovich
Published: August 2017

The article considers the problem of constructing a formalized model for compiling academic schedule for a typical higher education institution. The first stage of formalization of this task is developing a set of requirements that are necessary or desirable to follow when scheduling, as well as an assessment of the importance of each of these requirements. All possible requirements are divided into four groups, for each group a set of basic requirements is formed in accordance with regulatory constraints, university experience and providing the high quality and effectiveness of the educational process. A set of twenty-four indicators has been formed, they all are necessary for choosing the most appropriate variant of the academic schedule. According to the use of expert procedures, intervals for assessing the importance of the indicator of each group were selected, direct evaluation of these indicators was made, and after processing the resulting estimates were obtained. The evaluation was carried out using of Saati hierarchy method. To increase the degree of consistency of the assessments, an additional level was introduced in the priority chart, describing the relationship of each indicator with the criteria "know", "be able", "own skills". The obtained set of indicators is the basis for constructing a formalized model for compiling the educational schedule of the university.
MANAGEMENT OF GLONASS-BASED TRANSPORT LOGISTICS SYSTEMS
Authors: Pashaev Magomed Yaragievich
Published: August 2017

The article deals with a fundamentally new task of constructing a subsystem of decision support in the system of transport logistics based on the innovative concept of the use of navigation systems, which, unlike existing concepts, not only records the violation of the rules of cargo movement or storage, but also allows to prevent malicious acts in relation to the cargo processing. The satellite navigation systems are supposed to use at facilities of cargo storage - warehouse complexes. The general algorithm of the decision-making process in the GLONASS service delivery systems for transport logistics is given, which should be placed in the dispatch center of the transport company providing cargo transportation services. Based on the analysis of the above algorithm, a list of information technologies has been formed, which it is expedient to use in this GLONASS service delivery system. Using satellite navigation systems helps to improve protection and security of stored goods, as well as transported goods.
EVALUATION OF OPERATION QUALITY OF CELLULAR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS USING FUZZY CONCLUSION ALGORITHM
Authors: Dzhamalidinova Madina Erzhanovna , Pishchin Oleg Nickolaevich
Published: August 2017

Quality of mobile system communication is significantly defined by completeness and reliability of information on a status of objects of radio-electronic means. In most cases, the probability of decline in quality increases with untimely response of field services to the existing back couplings of the control system and the analysis of parameters of quality. Modern objects of radio-electronic means are known to be difficult systems having technical intelligence. Therefore, when processing the arriving information on statuses from such objects there happen such situations when use of traditional methods brings to a row of difficulties in their analysis. It occurs for the reasons of insufficiency of prior information, multiparametricity, volume of computing character, a non-standard of situations, a subjective factor of operators. In this regard for processing of such information it is offered to use the theory of fuzzy sets. Parameters of monitoring in the system of mobile communication have been determined. Using the field power level as a key parameter is justified because the whole range of the related secondary parameters of communication quality on input of a receiving device depends on signal power of a communication system in a point of reception. The fuzzy production model has been developed. Each parameter is provided to a linguistic variable for which there is defined a term - set of values. The fuzzy production rules of the model are realized using Fuzzy Logic Toolbox of the software MATLAB on the basis of Mamdani's algorithm.
COMMUNICATION OF COMMON AND MARGINAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONDITIONS IN A TWO-CHANNEL SYSTEM WITH SIMPLE STREAMLINES OF APPLICATIONS
Authors: Popov Georgiy Aleksandrovich
Published: August 2017

The article deals with a two-channel queuing system with a Poisson incoming call flow, in which the application processing time on each of the devices is different. Such models are used, in particular, when describing the operation of the system for selecting service requests in a number of operating systems. A complex system characteristic was introduced at the time of service endings on at least one of the devices, including the queue length, the remaining service time on the occupied device, and the time since the beginning of the current period of employment. This characteristic determines the state of the system at any time. Recurrence relations are obtained that connect this characteristic with its marginal values when there is no queue in the system. The method of introducing additional events was chosen as one of the main methods for analyzing the model. The relationships presented in this article can be used for analysis of the average characteristics of this system, as well as in the process of its simulation. Summarizing the results of work on multichannel systems with an arbitrary number of servicing devices will significantly reduce the time required for simulating complex systems described by sets of multichannel queuing systems.
THE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM IN IT-SUBDIVISIONS BASED ON INTEGRATION OF CBR APPROACH AND ONTOLOGY
Authors: Avdeenko Tatiyana Vladimirovna , Makarova Ekaterina Sergeevna
Published: August 2017

The article considers an approach that facilitates the improvement of the transfer, storage and retrieval of knowledge in the field of user support in IT departments. The proposed approach is based on the integration of the case-based reasoning approach and the ontology. The description of the main concepts of ontology is presented. A Precedent class structure is proposed that allows you to enter information about cases in the field of IT-consulting, as well as to establish a relation with the ontology of the application domain. Instances of the Precedent class are specific cases of consulting users of the IT departments. The method proposed assesses the closeness of cases to each other by means of the semantic closeness of ontology concepts associated with cases, based on determination of weighted associative relations from the cases to the ontology concepts. The approach can be used for retrieving cases taking into account their semantic closeness.
METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING SPECIAL VESSEL HOUR SCHEMES OF CARGO HANDLING ON RIVER VESSELS
Authors: Nichiporouk Andrey Olegovich
Published: August 2017

The article offers the technique of developing progressive ship-hour norms of loading procedures on river transport based on methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics. The technique includes the algorithm that consists of sequentially implemented stages: the study of technical characteristics and technological operations on the mooring where cargo handling is taking place; obtaining the actual reporting data about time expenses when loading (unloading) with preliminary division of operations to technological or unproductive ones; processing statistical data on time, isolating technological operations and leaving out unproductive ones; calculating a statistical row of actual productivity determining boundaries of distribution, mean value and a root-mean-square deviation of productivity of loading (unloading); processing a statistical row and its approximation for receiving theoretical distribution, checking convergence of statistical and theoretical distributions; developing a specific norm taking into account progressiveness; determination of economic efficiency of the offered norms; working out proposals on implementing norms. The authors consider establishing a ship-hour norm based on the obtained average productivity of cargo handling operations or, taking into account progressiveness, with increase at value of a mean squared deviation. Efficiency of implementing new ship-hour norms is defined for the port (due to the increase of freight turnover and the appropriate lowering cost of cargo transhipment) and for the shipowner (due to decreasing time of cargo operations and saving on the maintenance of fleet under processing). Approbation of the technique was carried out in Togliatti port, "Volzhsky" type ships being taken as an example. There has been determined expected efficiency of implementing new norms for ports and for shipowners (in the amount of 1,48 and 3,89 million rubles for a single navigation, respectively).
DINAMICS OF OBSERVER’S BEHAVIOR IN SHIP’S SYSTEM OF CIRCULAR MONITORING
Authors: Tagiev Tagi Garyagdi ogly , Menshikov Vyacheslav Ivanovich
Published: August 2017

The article presents a compiled dynamic model of the observer's behavior in the ship's system of circular observation, within the framework of the probabilistic approach with topology taking into account the fact that the ship's specialist observing and regulating any hazards while navigation and fishing should be guided by knowledge and experience of watch keeping. This model allows firstly, to estimate the probability of certain specific forms of the observer’s behavior; secondly, to determine the average time which shows his ability to cope with dangerous situation during navigation or fishing; thirdly, to form a certain order of transition from one behavioral state of observer to another. The proposed model is a cyclic graph in which the random time of observer's behavior can be determined by a given linguistic parameters interpreted into the morphological representation, which are fixed in the form of time distribution laws. Within the framework of composed dynamic model of observer's behavior there has been found the average time of his equilibrium behavior during which he can keep the watch, perform all-sky environmental observations and control - at the given purpose and fixed management culture - dangerous navigational situations under the principle of "situational awareness". The put forward alternative hypotheses taken as linguistic parameters that define dynamics of observer's behavior, are appropriate within the practical activities in the ship's all-sky survey system. This allows estimating the average time spent in a state of equilibrium behavior, which fully corresponds to the principle of situational awareness, and defining a certain order of transitions from one behavioral state to another.
(Examen de revistas) Hispanic Review: tomo 23 (1955), tomo 24 (1956).
Authors: B. Y.
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó: Hispanic Review: tomo 23 (1955), tomo 24 (1956).
Los prefacios a las epístolas de San Pablo en el ms. escurialense I.1.2
Authors: Brown Dolores
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
El sinodal de Aguilafuente. T. 1: Facsímil del incunable. T. 2: Apuntaciones para su estudio, por el Aprendiz de Bibliófilo [Carlos Romero de Lecea]. Madrid, 1965. 2 vols. (Col. Joyas bibliográficas. Primeros incunables, 1)..
Authors: Millares Carlo Agustín
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó: El sinodal de Aguilafuente T. 1: Facsímil del incunable. T. 2: Apuntaciones para su estudio.
Walter Porzig, El mundo maravilloso del lenguaje. Problemas, métodos y resultados de la lingüística moderna. Trad. de Abelardo Moralejo. Gredos, Madrid, 1964; 507 pp. (BRH, Manuales, 11).
Authors: Ávila Raúl
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: El mundo maravilloso del lenguaje. Problemas, métodos y resultados de la lingüistica moderna.
Gil Vicente, Comédia de Rubena. Introduzione, testo e note a cura di Giuseppe Tavani. Edizioni dell'Ateneo. Roma, 1965; 169 pp.
Authors: Asensio Eugenio
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Comédia de Rubena.
Sobre la etimología de cenceño '(pan) azimo'
Authors: Montgomery Thomas
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
Carlos Fernández Shaw, Poesías completas. Pról. de Melchor Fernández Almagro. Gredos, Madrid, 1966; 617 pp.
Authors: Vergara M. A.
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Poesías completas. Pról. de Melchor Fernández
Berta Elena Vidal de Battini, El español de la Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Educación, Buenos Aires, 1964; 227 pp.
Authors: Mosonyi Esteban Emilio
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: El español de la Argentina.
Mario Di Pinto, Studi sulla cultura spagnola nel Settecento. Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli, 1964; 205 pp.
Authors: Zavala Iris M.
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Studi sulla cultura spagnola nel Settecento.
A catalogue of the Talfourd P. Linn Collection of Cervantes materials, on deposit in the Ohio State University Libraries. Compiled by Dorothy Petersen Ackerman. Edited by Paul J. Kann and Rolland E. Stevens. Ohio State University Press, [Columbus, Ohio], 1963; xiv + 107 pp.
Authors: Vergara M. A.
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: A catalogue of the Talfourd P. Linn Collection of Cervantes materials, on deposit in the Ohio State University Libraries.
Gustav Fredén, Tres ensayos cervantinos. Instituto Ibero-Americano, Gotemburgo; Ínsula, Madrid, 1964; 71 pp.
Authors: Aveleyra A. Teresa
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Tres ensayos cervantinos.
La Formación del Arquitecto paisajista colombiano
Authors: Olarte Juliana Cadavid
Published: August 2017

Este documento, correspondiente a una reflexión no derivada de investigación, integra una serie de consideraciones respecto al papel del arquitecto-diseñador del paisaje colombiano, su formación y su acción. El texto se estructura a partir de preguntas acerca de la pertinencia del ejercicio de esta profesión y de las capacidades generales que debe tener un arquitecto paisajista en nuestro medio para afrontar las responsabilidades que implica su ejercicio en el contexto colombiano. Seguidamente se expone el programa de Maestría en Diseño del Paisaje de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana de Medellín, como una apuesta académica y formativa ante la creciente necesidad de profesionales del paisaje en nuestro medio. Se hace referencia a su estructura, objeto de formación, currículo y metodologías que el egresado ha de aplicar en su futuro desempeño, las cuales se orientan al entendimiento, diagnóstico e intervención en el paisaje. Todo ello se enmarca en un contexto de integración de múltiples disciplinas asociadas al paisaje.
Movimiento urbano ciclista. Imaginarios colectivos convertidos en expresiones materiales
Authors: Escudero María Camila , Uribe Catalina
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo de investigación científica y tecnológica es el resultado de una investigación con enfoque cualitativo realizada en la ciudad de Medellín. El objetivo principal fue reconocer los significados que ha adquirido la bicicleta como medio de manifestación ante temas sociales, políticos y culturales entre los grupos conformados alrededor de ella. Cuatro propósitos con carácter académico se resaltan en este trabajo: primero, identificar esos colectivos y las actividades surgidas a partir del uso de la bicicleta; segundo, establecer una relación entre esta, las materialidades y las partes adicionales funcionales y estéticas; tercero, evidenciar el sentido dado a las prácticas y materialidades identificadas; cuarto, analizar el impacto de los grupos, sus manifestaciones pacíficas y de reclamación social en la configuración de la ciudad, su infraestructura y movilidad. La relevancia de tales dinámicas y significados se abordó en compañía de líderes de los ciclistas y otros agentes miembros de entidades públicas relacionadas con el tema, haciendo énfasis en resultados que permitan crear nuevos conceptos para el diseño en relación con la cultura material.
Acerca de los conjuntos cerrados: Paradigmas y paradojas
Authors: Mejía Ángela María Franco
Published: August 2017

Este documento se constituye en una reflexión general alrededor de los conjuntos cerrados, principalmente en el ámbito colombiano y tomando como referencia algunos estudios realizados en Latinoamérica. Se escudriñan aspectos relacionados con su aparición en Colombia y las posibles motivaciones de tal surgimiento, como también problemáticas, paradigmas y paradojas que se asocian conel uso y consumo de estas unidades urbanas. Por medio de dicha información se espera aportar elementos de análisis para el proyecto titulado “Una mirada a la dicotomía público- privado: hacia la negación de lo públicoen las calles de los barrios Santa Inés y Los Muiscas de la ciudad de Tunja”, cuyo objetivo está centrado en comprender el fenómeno de “negación de lo público”, a través de las diferentes actuaciones urbanas.
Análisis urbano - arquitectónico del espacio público. Un marco conceptual
Authors: Gómez Luis Hair Dueñas
Published: August 2017

El espacio público es uno de los sistemas urbanos de mayor incidencia en la configuración de la ciudad. Sin embargo, es curioso notar que los análisis conducentes a la comprensión de los principios aplicados en el desarrollo de intervenciones paradigmáticas en este ámbito son escasos. Para comprender, desde el punto de vista urbano-arquitectónico, la forma como los proyectos paradigmáticos han dado respuesta a las necesidades de la ciudad, es necesario establecer cuáles son las herramientas conceptuales y metodológicas susceptibles de ser empleadas en este tipo de análisis. En este documento se plantean líneas generales para tal revisión y se aborda el escrutinio de los documentos técnicos cuyo examen se realiza en un proceso de acercamiento progresivo. Fue posible identificar dos grandes grupos de manuales técnicos: los generales, que comprenden aspectos amplios asociados con el dimensionamiento y la construcción de elementos arquitectónicos y del espacio público, y los manuales especializados que abarcan temáticas específicas, tales como accesibilidad, movilidad y silvicultura, entre otras. De esta revisión puede concluirse que la amplia literatura existente comprende documentos internacionales, nacionales y locales, de tal suerte que se cuenta con una base sólida para la definición de aspectos cuantitativos (dimensionamiento, niveles de confort y calidad constructiva) necesarios en espacios públicos adecuados.
Cuando el lugar es solo el imaginario: Morcá
Authors: Nieto Yulieth Guerrero
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo de reflexión presenta los resultados finales de una de las fases del tema de investigación “Construcción de la imagen de ciudad”, referidos específicamente a Morcá. Esta vereda de Sogamoso en el departamento de Boyacá, está definida en gran parte gracias al imaginario religioso que se ha construido en torno a la veneración de la Virgen de la O. Para tratar el tema se realizó un estudio de corte cualitativo que analiza e interpreta, en primera instancia, la idea general del lugar -configurada históricamente- al tiempo que revisa aspectos como la noción existente del sitio, el imaginario religioso y la conformación a partir de éste de un idiolecto particular. En segundo término se analizan las expresiones físicas de los imaginarios, es decir, las evidencias expresadas en el espacio. Por ulimo, entre las conclusiones generales se destaca que en lugares como Morcá, los imaginarios son incluso más fuertes que la propia conformación física, razón por la cual sus límites no son necesariamente geográficos ni espaciales, sino más bien rituales y culturales. Asimismo, de manera conjunta con los valores patrimoniales inmanentes, el rito potencia numerosas dinámicas y prácticas sociales en las que el valor iconográfico de la figura religiosa principal resulta esencial para definir la identidad.
El museo del ciberespacio: lugar para la interacción y la construcción conjunta de relatos
Authors: Jaramillo Julian Llanos
Published: August 2017

Con la incursión de las Tecnologías de Infor- mación y Comunicación (TIC), los museos actuales, donde se ha dado paso a una mayor interacción con los públicos, han visto ampliadas las posibilidades para desarrollar ese diálogo. De hecho, las instituciones tradicionales ven su presencia en Internet como algo necesario y básico, pues les permite exponer parte de sus colecciones de forma digitalizada y brindar datos útiles para los visitantes. Al mismo tiempo, han surgido propuestas de museos cuya existencia se verifica solo en la red. En éstas se insinúa un potencial de considerables proporciones, en la medida que la participación de los usuarios puede llegar a decidir el carácter de lo expuesto. En el presente artículo se reflexiona acerca de estos virajes, y en especial, de este último horizonte. Para tal fin, inicialmente se revisa el concepto de museo, a continuación se considera su convergencia con las TIC y la legitimidad de su existencia en el ciberespacio. Por último, se plantean varios puntos de discusión en torno a lo participativa y representativa que puede llegar a ser dicha variante.
Vivienda y Ciudad
Authors: Folli Maria Gracia
Published: August 2017

Este trabajo de reflexión derivado de investigación considera el papel protagónico de la vivienda en la forma del espacio habitado, en la medida que este tema investigativo se ha descuidado en Italia en los últimos 30 años. Si bien hay un renovado interés internacional en la materia, en el fondo la innovación se limita a aspectos compositivos, estéticos o mediáticos. Se invita entonces a reflexionar sobre la calidad del hábitat tanto en los centros como en los suburbios urbanos y se considera que la arquitectura no solo es de las obras de excepción. Es necesario entonces revisar el papel de las obras menores pero generalizadas, constituyentes de la mayor parte de la construcción de la ciudad.El texto desarrolla un panorama de periodización de las tendencias de proyectos residenciales en Italia en función de lo que sucedía en el contexto europeo en términos de vanguardia, postguerra, contemporaneidad, neorrealismo y neorracionalismo. Principalmente se resaltan los casos de Milán y Roma como las ciudades italianas más abiertas a la experimentación y la innovación. A manera de conclusión se explican los resultados de una investigación proyectual presentada por la autora y su equipo de colaboradores en la Trienal de Milán en 2003. En dicho trabajo, a partir del proyecto de la vivienda, se intentó resolver la cuestión de la calidad de las zonas periféricas urbanas, redescubriendo sus vocaciones y redefiniendo sus identidades.
Análisis del confort térmico en los proyectos participantes de la Universidad de Boyacá en ConvivE VI
Authors: Da Silva Marquez Cindy Maria
Published: August 2017

Este es un artículo de reflexión derivado de investigación que, en primer lugar, analiza algunos programas de simulación de confort térmico, para luego explicar su aplicabilidad a proyectos específicos, en este caso los que se presentaron por parte de la Universidad de Boyacá al concurso internacional de arquitectura ConvivE VI. En este concurso, uno de los aspectos relevantes por resolver es el problema del hábitat, especialmente de la vivienda social, aunque también se otorga gran importancia al tema de la sostenibilidad en los edificios. El documento tiene como objetivo mostrar -luego de una investigación teórica- el seguimiento realizado a dichos proyectos, las recomendaciones y los cambios efectuados luego de los análisis finales, referidos específicamente al confort térmico de las viviendas planteadas para participar en ConvivE VI. Por la naturaleza del lugar de emplazamiento, dichas viviendas fueron diseñadas con materiales locales, sin técnicas complejas de construcción e incorporando algunos métodos de diseño solar pasivo que según el estudio realizado, en un principio no eran confortables térmicamente. Sin embargo, después de atender las sugerencias realizadas y las especificaciones de materiales surgidas tras la simulación en el programa seleccionado, se consiguió llegar a las temperaturas de confort que se requerían, teniendo en cuenta el clima de Uribía, región donde se proyectaron las viviendas.
Las ideas no se "sacrifican", se venden
Authors: Pacheco Nancy Patricia García
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo de reflexión no derivado de investigación, pretende describir la importancia de vender las ideas, es decir, las estrategias que pueden utilizarse como recurso creativo para cumplir con un propósito específico. Â¿Qué significa vender y quienes podrían vender? Estas son dos preguntas que permiten conducir la presente reflexión hacia una respuesta basada en la experiencia. A menudo, muchas personas tienen una idea, la consideran fabulosa, la cuentan y la muestran. Sin embargo, con el paso del tiempo dejan de pensar en ella y la relegan en el cuarto del olvido hasta dejarla morir. Si esa idea no es salvada y empleada para producir algo, mejorarlo o solucionar un problema. Â¿de qué sirve? Existen herramientas diseÑadas para ayudar a conseguir resultados a partir de lo que se concibe, pero es necesario conocerlas con el fin de ponerlas en marcha. La comunicación no verbal es una de ellas. Ideas excelentes surgen en el desarrollo de las actividades cotidianas, ya sea en los colegios, las universidades o en diferentes campos profesionales, pero esa riqueza maravillosa puede quedarse estancada y sin cumplir función alguna, simplemente porque se desconocen los instrumentos que es posible aplicar en un determinado momento para darle rienda suelta a través de las ventas.
Conjuntos cerrados de vivienda: el caso de Pedro Gómez & CIA. En Bogotá
Authors: Guerrero Adriana Hidalgo
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo propone una reflexión crítica a los enclaves cerrados residenciales, entendidos como una característica de la urbanización difusa, propia de la ciudad postindustrial. La expansión del fenómeno ha producido una urbe con gran cantidad de espacios abiertos privatizados, manzanas extensas, monótonas e inaccesibles, y una profusión de avenidas e infraestructuras especiales para el automóvil. En consecuencia, el peatón se enfrenta a un entorno demasiado extenso para ser recorrido a pie, carente de espacios públicos de calidad y con abundantes barreras que dificultan el libre acceso a distintos lugares. A pesar de las disfuncionalidades ocasionadas por la urbanización â€œcerradaâ€, el gran mercado inmobiliario y la ciudadanía parecen fascinarse con esta condición. El papel jugado por las empresas promotoras y constructoras en la â€œventaâ€ de un modo o estilo de vida, ha llevado al mercado a mostrar preferencia por este tipo de productos. Para describir la situación se escogió a Pedro Gómez & Cía., una compaña pujante que ha edificado un significativo número de metros cuadrados en Colombia y es líder con los conjuntos cerrados de vivienda. Las conclusiones del trabajo, centrado en algunas obras ubicadas en Bogotá, se orientan a que los responsables de construir la ciudad recapacitemos sobre los nocivos efectos de estas promociones y consideremos otras posibilidades.
An Analysis of Off Record Strategies Reflecting Politeness Implicature in "Oprah Winfrey Show"
Authors: Yanti Rahma
Published: August 2017

This thesis discusses strategies off the record that describes implicatures modesty in a conversation. Off record strategy is one of the five strategies. This strategy is discussed for the use of the language used in the forms of direct. The object of research is strategies off the record that describes implicatures politeness in a famous talk show in America, namely, "Oprah Winfrey Show". The data were taken using methods refer to refer techniques involved free conversation, where the author was not involved in the dialogue that occurs because the data is taken from the TV show, recording technique with the aid of a recorded tape. Furthermore, the authors use the technique CAAT by way of transcribing talk show back in the form transcription orthographic. This analysis uses methods equivalent pragmatic look at the role of external factors of language, especially the factor of interlocutors on selection strategies used off record. The results showed that the context of the situation and the violations of the maxim of conversation will influence the choice of strategies used off record. However, there are some cases when this option do not follow the rules. This is because of other factors that come into play in a conversation such as an intonation. implicatures appear generally in the form of affirmation that is used in polite. In one sentence found two or more strategy off record selected speakers.
Keyword:Â off record strategy, implicature, implicatures,Â politeness
Ferreira Gullar e seu último combate
Authors: Camenietzki Eleonora Ziller
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho pretende atualizar um estudo anterior que realizei sobre a trajetória de Ferreira Gullar (CAMENIETZKI, 2006), tendo como objeto de análise as suas últimas publicações (Em alguma parte alguma e a Autobiografia poética e outros textos) e o debate público que travou com Augusto de Campos em 2016, alguns meses antes de seu falecimento. Testemunho raro em nossa tradição literária, num incessante esforço por traduzir-se, o poeta nos oferece uma trajetória de intensas buscas e mudanças radicais. Desde Cultura posta em questão, de 1965, até o lançamento de autobiografia poética, em 2015, são 50 anos de intensa reflexão sobre o seu próprio trabalho de criação. À luz dessa vocação, faremos um balanço crítico desse esforço de invenção e explicitação que Ferreira Gullar faz de sua poesia.---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25094/rtp.2017n23a466
PROGRAMA DE AQUISIÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS: UM DIREITO SOCIAL DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR
Authors: Henig Edir Vilmar , Santos Irenilda Angela dos , Mendes José Manuel
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho busca discutir brevemente as relações que o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos da Agricultura Familiar tem enquanto política pública no combater a fome, bem como à desigualdade e a pobreza. Para tanto analisamos a perspectiva da construção histórica da desigualdade e da pobreza no Brasil, as políticas públicas que são resultado das ações do Estado como objetivo de atender a população e posteriormente, colocamos em discussão o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos enquanto política social que visa promover a agricultura familiar. Para tanto, usamos como referência autores e pesquisadores que possuem ampla experiência nesta discussão, além de utilizarmos legislação e dados oficiais para o embasamento do debate. Temos como consideração a se levar em conta, que a iniciativa do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos é importante, mas que necessita sua desburocratização e maior iniciativa dos promotores da política.
LA DEMOCRACIA DE LAS MINORÍAS: EL RECONOCIMIENTO DEL DERECHO AL CAMBIO DE SEXO DE LAS PERSONAS POR EL TC DEL PERÚ
Authors: León Anibal Quiroga
Published: August 2017

La democracia representativa supone como premisa esencial la primacía de la voluntad de las mayorías sobre las minorías, ya que es un proceso cuantitativo que tiene una traducción política cualitativa.  Pero eso no significa en modo alguno  que la mayoría esté autorizada a aplastar o desaparecer a la minoría, ya que eso, pudiendo ser legal, no resulta ni legítimo ni democrático.  Es, más bien, antidemocrático. Ahí están las experiencias numéricamente mayoritarias del nazismo, del fascismo o del comunismo que, so pretexto del bien de una mayoría, intentaron desaparecer a las minorías de sus sociedades, con las consecuencias que todos conocemos. Y es que mayoría y minoría forman parte de un todo democrático. La exclusión de cualquiera de ellos (la minoría se impone sobre la mayoría o la mayoría aplasta a la minoría) excluye al resultado de un verdadero valor democrático.  Pedro de Vega enseñaba que la verdadera democracia no es aquella donde todo piensen y sientan de igual manera, monocorde; sino aquella sociedad en que el conjunto de gentes puedan pensar y sentir diferentes y sin embargo compartir un espacio y una sociedad de modo igualitario sobre la base de un común denominador y de valores e ideales mínimos de respeto por todos. El TC del Perú (TC) acaba de sentenciar un importante caso, dejando de lado una posición doctrinaria anterior (que no era precedente vinculante) ha determinado que una persona (nacida biológicamente como hombre o mujer) tiene derecho a solicitar al Estado el reconocimiento del cambio de sexo, y que ese nuevo género sea ingresado a su ficha en el RENIEC a fin de que la sociedad, el Estado y el sistema legal le reconozca y de trato con el nuevo género voluntariamente escogido.
O DIREITO DE VOTO DOS CONDENADOS CRIMINALMENTE: UMA ANÁLISE DA APLICAÇÃO DO ARTIGO 15, INCISO III, DA CONSTITUIÇÃO FEDERAL
Authors: Cabrera Joana Cervo , Preussler Gustavo De Souza
Published: August 2017

Este artigo elabora uma crítica ao modo pelo qual a suspensão dos direitos políticos decorrente de condenação criminal transitada em julgado, prevista no artigo 15, inciso III, da Constituição Federal é interpretada e aplicada pelo sistema jurídico atualmente. Este trabalho não se refere à capacidade eleitoral passiva do cidadão condenado criminalmente, ou seja, a capacidade de ser votado, mas procura defender que a sua capacidade eleitoral ativa, que compreende o direito de votar, não deve ser suspensa. Busca-se demonstrar que a postura do Estado de Direito ao suspender o direito de voto desumaniza ainda mais as pessoas que são condenadas criminalmente. Afinal, o que pode impedir que essas pessoas exerçam o direito de votar? Pelo simples fato de estarem com condenação criminal, elas automaticamente deixam de ter anseios? Deixam de ter opiniões políticas? Tornam-se subordinadas a opiniões alheias? Não têm mais filhos, muitas vezes ainda incapazes de exercer sua cidadania, para representar nas urnas? Por fim, pretende-se com esse trabalho deixar uma crítica ao entendimento atual e apresentar uma possível visão mais ampla, e consequentemente mais cidadã, do artigo 15, inciso III, da Constituição Federal.
AUDIÊNCIAS DE CUSTÓDIA E PROTEÇÃO/EFETIVAÇÃO DE DIREITOS HUMANOS NO BRASIL
Authors: Wermuth Maiquel Ângelo Dezordi
Published: August 2017

A atuação violenta é marca indelével das instituições que integram o sistema penal brasileiro. A consolidação do modelo de processo penal de índole garantista instituído no país a partir da abertura democrática, com a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, ainda encontra resistência na cultura autoritária arraigada nas instituições que integram o sistema punitivo. Nesse ambiente, as audiências de custódia, previstas no art. 7º, apartado 5, da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos – ratificada pelo Brasil em 1992, por meio do Decreto nº 678 –, apenas começaram a ser implementadas nas capitais brasileiras no ano de 2015, por força da edição da Resolução nº 213 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ). Essas audiências visam à apresentação do indivíduo preso em flagrante à autoridade judiciária dentro do prazo de vinte e quatro horas a contar da lavratura do auto de prisão com a finalidade de aferir a (i)legalidade da constrição e averiguar a prática de tortura/maus-tratos. O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a importância do controle de convencionalidade e, reflexamente, das audiências de custódia no Processo Penal brasileiro. Para tanto, o texto encontra-se estruturado em duas partes: na primeira, busca-se apresentar o panorama atual de violação de direitos humanos no cárcere no Brasil, dando ênfase à atuação do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos no que se refere ao assunto; no segundo, empreende-se uma análise do controle de convencionalidade e da audiência de custódia como condição de possibilidade para a melhoria das condições penitenciárias e humanização do processo penal no país.
CUSTEIO DA SEGURIDADE SOCIAL NO BRASIL: A CONTROVÉRSIA ACERCA DO SUPOSTO DÉFICIT PREVIDENCIÁRIO
Authors: Eidelwein Wolf Guilherme , Buffon Marciano
Published: August 2017

O artigo apresenta conceitos frente ao tema do custeio da Seguridade Social no Brasil. Serão expostas as características do sistema contributivo e das contribuições sociais da Seguridade Social. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as fontes de custeio da Seguridade Social no Brasil e, alcançar à conclusão do problema proposto, identificando o déficit ou superávit da Seguridade Social. Trata-se de pesquisa quali-quantitativa, na qual se empregou o método dedutivo, com a citação de doutrinadores e técnicos da área previdenciária. Utilizou-se de material bibliográfico para auxiliar na compreensão do tema proposto e, cujo resultado revelou que o discurso do déficit da Seguridade Social, propagado pelo Governo Federal, nada mais é do que inconsistente, diante de dezenas de bilhões subtraídos da seguridade anualmente pelas desonerações fiscais e pela Desvinculação de Receitas da União.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NA EDUCAÇÃO E PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA: VULNERABILIDADE E O CASO DA ADI 5357 JULGADO NO STF.
Authors: Ohlweiler Leonel Pires
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo examina a vulnerabilidade nos serviços públicos educacionais, a partir do caso da ADI nº 5357 julgado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. A ação foi proposta defendendo a inconstitucionalidade dos artigos 28 e 30 do Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial, com estudo de caso. Concluiu-se que as obrigações impostas às entidades particulares educacionais são constitucionais. É fundamental adotar o paradigma social para melhor compreender hermeneuticamente a vulnerabilidade, pois as situações de exclusão originam-se do modo como a sociedade está organizada. A Convenção Internacional sobre os Direitos da Pessoa Com Deficiência aplica-se aos serviços de educação brasileiros. A Lei nº 13.146/2015 materializou o dever constitucional de remoção de barreiras capazes de obstruírem a participação plena e efetiva das pessoas com deficiência na sociedade.
Taste Masking and Formulation of Ondansetron Hydrochloride Mouth Dissolving Tablets
Authors: R. Subedi , K. Poudel , U Budhathoki , P. Thapa
Published: August 2017

This study was done to mask the bitter taste of ondansetron HCl using complexing agent, a polacrilex resin: Tulsion 335 and subsequently forming mouth dissolving tablet using superdisintegrants: Croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycollate. A preliminary screening was done. Batch process, a most preferential method for drug loading with ion exchange resins was selected. The process was optimized for drug: resin ratio to get maximum drug loading. A ratio of drug: resin at 1:3 was selected. Taste evaluation was carried out by selecting volunteers. Drug resin complex (DRC) was evaluated for drug release.
The resultant DRC was formulated by direct compression into mouth dissolving tablet using microcrystalline cellulose PH 102, as diluent and croscarmalose sodium and sodium starch glycolate as superdisintegrants and aspartame was used as sweetening agent to enhance palatability. Thirteen formulations were developed by using superdisintegrants: croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate. Concentration of superdisintegrants ranged from 0.75-9.24 %. The formulated tablet had satisfactory disintegration time and dissolution profile. Optimization was carried out using central composite design. The disintegration and dissolution times were tallied with marketed ondansetron HCl tablets. From the results, it was deduced that the most effective concentration for desired disintegration was of croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycollate respectively at concentration above 5%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the intensely bitter taste of ondansetron HCl can be masked by using tulsion 335 and mouth dissolving ondansetron HCl can be successfully prepared by adding aforementioned superdisintegrants. This sort of mouth dissolving ondansetron HCl can be used in controlling vomiting in paediatric and geriatric patients and also for pregnancy induced vomiting.
Novel Formulation Development and Evaluation of Nanoparticles Based in Situ Gelling System for The Ophthalmic Delivery of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride
Authors: Singh Kranti , Verma Surajpal , Prasad Shyam , Bala Indu
Published: August 2017

Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride loaded Eudragit RS100 nanoparticles were prepared by using w/o/w emulsification (multiple emulsification) solvent evaporation followed by drying of nanoparticles at 50°C. The nanoparticles were further incorporated into the pH-triggered in situ gel forming system which was prepared using Carbopol 940 in combination with HPMC as viscosifying agent. The developed nanoparticles was evaluated for particle size, zeta potential value and loading efficiency; nanoparticle incorporated in situ gelling system was evaluated for pH, clarity, gelling strength, rheological studies, in-vitro release studies and ex-vivo precorneal permeation studies. The nanopaticle showed the mean particle size varying between 263.5nm - 325.9 nm with the mean zeta potential value of -5.91 mV to -8.13 mV and drug loading capacity varied individually between 72.50% to 98.70% w/w. The formulation was clear with no suspended particles, showed good gelling properties. The gelling was quick and remained for longer time period. The developed formulation was therapeutically efficacious, stable and non-irritant. It provided the sustained release of drug over a period of 8-10 hours.
Synthesis Nanoparticles of Chloroform Fraction from Kaempferia rotunda Rhizome Loaded Chitosan and Biological Activity as an Antioxidant
Authors: Atun Sri , Arianingrum Retno , Dimitrova Stela
Published: August 2017

The main objectives of this research are to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles of chloroform fraction of K. rotunda, to characterize the products, and to conduct a biological test on these products as an antioxidant. Chloroform fraction of K. rotunda was loaded on chitosan nanoparticles and then was prepared by ionic gelation of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphat (Na-TPP) in various compositions. Characterization of the products were investigated for particle size, zeta potential, and morphology by Scanning Electron Microscophy (SEM). The biological activity of the products as an antioxidant was tested by the DPPH method. Results of this study showed that the nanoparticle can be synthesized at the concentration ratio of 10: 1 for chitosan/Na-TPP. The size were in the range of 172 to 877 nm, with a zeta potential of + 28.06 to + 38.03 mV. The nanoparticle was cylinders in shape and smooth in surfaces. The antioxidant activity of chitosan nanoparticles of chloroform fraction of K. rotunda showed less activity compared with the previous fraction.