bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of juvenile progressive scoliosis (preliminary report)
Authors: Mikhailovsky M. V.
Published: March 2022

Ten children with juvenile malignant progressive scoliosis were operated on at the Novosibirsk Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics and Adolescent Vertebrology. The applied methods includes epiphyseospondylodesis along the convex side of the curvature, step- by-step distractions using the endocorrector assembled of the elements of Cotrel-Dubuosset instrumentation arranged for pediatric application and final posterior spondylodesis when patient reaches the pubertal age. The main principle of the method is the simultaneous suppression of the vertebral bodies growth on the convex side of the curvature with the activization of growth on the concave side. Initial mean deformity was 81, after epiphyseospondylodesis and the first step of distraction 41.7, after the third step 44.8 (average follow up period 14.1 months). The results obtained during the first two years show the expediency of the further work in this direction.
Collapan for spine stabilization after vast resection of vertebral bodies
Authors: Protsenko A. I. , Germanov V. G. , Berezhnoy S. Y. , Sotikov K. V. , Gorina L. B.
Published: March 2022

Effect of Collapan on the formation of osseous block after vast vertebral bodies resection is presented. Collapan containing highly purified collagen and hydroxyapatite and possessing osteogenic properties is a biocomposite material. Collapan was applied in 22 patients who underwent vast vertebral bodies resection (with aim of spinal cord and roots decompression in 18 patients and tumor removal in 4 patients). In all cases average term 10 weeks postoperatively of the osseous block formation was. Time for bone formation depends on the number of stabilized segments and the level of operated vertebral. Osseous block formed in early load on the spine without postoperative orthopaedic complications.
Chronic hemorrhagic villous synovitis of the spine
Authors: Makhson A. N. , Kuzmin I. V. , Maksimchuk Y. V.
Published: March 2022

Case of chronic hemorrhagic villous synovitis (CHVS) of the spine in 20-years old male is presented. Tumorlike formation was located in lumbar region. The initial diagnosis was the benign tumor which was removed. Two years postoperatively the recurrence with light neurologic deficit was detected. MRT revealed multi- nodulous formation with homogenous structure and 11.8 x 8.7 cm in size. The formation spread rightly, posteriorly and infiltrated into soft tissues and iliac bone. Biopsy results suspected malignant histiocytoma and symptomatic treatment was recommended. In specialized hospital repeated biopsy was and CHVS was diagnosed. Pathologic focus was removed and destroyed L3 spinous process and lateral sacrum were resected. Postoperatively radiotherapy (60 Gy) was given. Seven months after surgery no recurrence was detected. Diagnostic problems are discussed. In CHVS authors recommend to use the combined treatment.
In the Shadow of Industrial Companies: Class and Spatial Dynamics of Artisanal Palm Oil Processing in Rural Ghana
Authors: Torvikey Gertrude Dzifa , Dzanku Fred Mawunyo
Published: March 2022

This paper is concerned with the multiple opportunities and challenges of artisanal palm oil processing and the potential multiplier effects on local economies. It examines the effect of the presence of large oil palm plantations and their industrial processing mills on artisanal palm oil processing in two districts in the Western region of Ghana. Although artisanal and industrial processors have co-existed for a long time in the same catchment areas, little is known about the impact of this relationship on artisanal processing. Acknowledging the importance of rural diversity, complexity, and difference in agriculture-based off-farm activities, this paper also examines the effect of community and household level factors on palm oil processing incidence and intensity as well as the impact of processing on food (in)security.
Yetişkin Bireylerde Probiyotik ve Prebiyotik Besin Tüketimi ile Depresyon Durumu ve Antropometrik Ölçümler Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KARAÇİL ERMUMCU Merve Şeyda , GÜREL Satı , MENGİ ÇELİK Özge
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada yetişkin bireylerde prebiyotik ve probiyotik içeren besin tüketimi ile depresyon durumu ve antropometrik ölçümler arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya 19-65 yaş arası 385 yetişkin birey dahil edilmiş ve prebiyotik ve probiyotik içeren besin tüketimleri ile besin desteği kullanımları sıklık formu aracılığıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Depresyon düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesinde Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDS) kullanılmıştır. Bireylerin yaş ortalaması 22,4±6,4 yıldır. Bireylerin beden kitle indeksi (BKİ) ortalaması 22,0±3,9 kg/m2, bel/boy oranı 0,44±0,1’dır. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin %95,1’i probiyotik ve %89,9’u ise prebiyotik kavramını bildiğini ifade etmiştir. Bireylerin %94,5’i probiyotiklerin ve %89,1’i ise prebiyotiklerin sağlık açısından yararlı olduğunu düşünmektedir. Bireylerin probiyotik içeren besin tüketim sıklıklarına göre BDS puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır (P>0,05). Prebiyotik içeren besinlerden domates, badem ve ceviz tüketim sıklıklarına göre bireylerin BDS puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (P
El pilar europeo de los derechos sociales y el plan de acción
Authors: Bernal Santamaría Francisca
Published: March 2022

La Unión Europea se ha sustentado en el Pilar económico desde sus inicios a la actualidad. Los periodos de crisis económicas y los recortes sociales han supuesto mayores índices de pobreza y de exclusión social, con altas cifras de desempleo y desprotección. El empleo y la protección social debe ser la clave de la recuperación económica. En este contexto, analizamos la visión de la Unión Europea en la construcción del modelo social y de forma concreta el Pilar Europeo de los Derechos Sociales y su Plan de Acción.
Concreción de la residencia habitual de los cónyuges en las crisis matrimoniales europeas, episodio 1
Authors: Pérez Martín Lucas Andrés
Published: March 2022

Asistimos al episodio uno de la definición por el TJUE del concepto de residencia habitual de un cónyuge en un procedimiento de divorcio regulado por el Reglamento Bruselas II bis. Para el Tribunal, a pesar de que la vida de las personas adultas se puede desarrollar en un entorno más variado que la de los menores y por ello tenga vínculos naturales con más de un Estado miembro, en la aplicación del Reglamento un cónyuge solo tiene una residencia habitual. Los criterios para concretar esta residencia son inicialmente dos. El subjetivo, la voluntad del sujeto de que en un determinado Estado miembro se concrete su centro de vida e intereses. El objetivo, que en él tenga una presencia física mínimamente estable.
Contratos internacionales de aprovechamiento por turno de bienes de uso turístico, algunas cuestiones planteadas a la luz de la jurisprudencia española
Authors: Sabido Rodríguez Mercedes
Published: March 2022

La proliferación de contratos internacionales de aprovechamiento por turno de bienes de uso turístico en el mercado es una realidad acreditada a la vista del elevado número de pronunciamientos de los órganos judiciales españoles en los últimos tiempos. Su análisis, que centra el objeto del presente estudio, permitirá poner de relieve las principales dificultades derivadas no solo de la complejidad de esta figura sino también de la internacionalización de las relaciones jurídicas de las que es objeto. Centrándonos en los problemas relativos a la determinación de la competencia judicial internacional haremos una breve referencia a la legitimación pasiva y, por su vinculación, a la designación del Derecho aplicable.
En la restitución de una menor trasladada a un tercer Estado no se aplican las normas europeas de competencia judicial internacional. A propósito de la STJUE de 24 de marzo de 2021, asunto C-603/20, PPU, SS y MCP
Authors: Durán Ayago Antonia
Published: March 2022

El ámbito de aplicación territorial del artículo 10 del Reglamento (CE) 2201/2003 queda circunscrito a que la sustracción de un menor tenga lugar en el contexto de los Estados miembros del Reglamento, esto es, que el traslado de residencia habitual o la retención ilícita se lleve a cabo entre Estados miembros. En el caso en que el traslado se realice a un tercer Estado, el artículo 10 no es aplicable ni, en consecuencia, permite mantener la competencia de las autoridades del Estado miembro donde el menor residía sine die.
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Authors: Hajaroh Siti
Published: March 2022

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Microbial Quality and Sensory Properties of Ogiri Produced from Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Seed
Authors: EO Akele , FA Akinyosoye , VO Oyetayo
Published: March 2022

The aim is to study the microorganisms involved in fermentation, their occurrence and the organoleptic properties of fermented watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seeds. The watermelon seeds were dehulled, sorted, washed and boiled for 4 hours and fermented naturally for nine days. Microorganisms isolated from the fermenting watermelon seeds were Bacillus sp, Lactococcus sp, Pediococcus sp, Streptococcus sp, Micrococcus sp and Alcaligenes ps for bacterial, while the fungi obtained were Mucor sp, Rhizopus sp, Fusarium sp, Candida sp and Saccharomyces sp. The bacterial count increased from 4 x101 cfu/mL to 1.21 x 1010 cfu/mL while fungal count also increased from 8 x 101sfu/mL to 1.2 x 109sfu/mL during the period of fermentation. The pH and temperature increased from 6.3 to 8.7 and 29oC to 40oC respectively. The total titratable acidity decreased from 0.176% to 0.027%. The mean sensory characteristics value of fermented sample as scored by the panelist shows that the texture of the fermenting sample become softer as fermentation progressed. The aroma became more pungent with a strong ammonia odour responsible for the characteristic flavour and a darker colour of product. The overall acceptability of fermented sample was adjudged like very much while the sample bought from the market was adjudged like moderately.
Natural Language Generation System for Knowledge Acquisition Based on Patent Database
Authors: Rene Antonio Oliveira Nzinga , Okuhara Koji , Matsui Takeshi ,   Department of Information Systems Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan,   Faculty of Informatics, Gunma University 4-2 Aramaki-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
Published: March 2022

Privacy concerns at the individual and public or private organizational levels are a crucial. Its importance is highly evident nowadays, with the development of advanced technology. This study proposes a system for text mining that analyzes characteristics related to language. This factor makes it possible to generate a fictitious system while analyzing the patent within a bird’s-eye view and presenting keywords to support an idea. By mapping each patent’s information and relationship to an n-dimensional space, one can search for similar patents employing cosine similarity. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation verified the usefulness of the system.
PGFLibPy: An Open-Source Parallel Python Toolbox for Genetic Folding Algorithm
Authors: Mezher Mohammad A. ,   Fahd Bin Sultan University Jordan Street, Tabuk 15700, Saudi Arabia
Published: March 2022

Genetic folding (GF) is a robust evolutionary optimization algorithm. For efficient hyper-scale GFs, a hybrid parallel approach based on CPU architecture Parallel GF (PGF) is proposed. It aids in resolving kernel tricks that are difficult to predict using conventional optimization approaches. The regression and classification problems are solved using PGF. Four concurrent CPUs are formed to parallelize the GF, and each executes eight threads. It is also easily scalable to multi-core CPUs. PGFLibPy is a Python-based machine learning framework for classification and regression problems. PGFLibPy was used to build a model of the UCI dataset that reliably predicts regression values. The toolbox activity is used for binary and multiclassification datasets to classify UCI. PGFLibPy’s has 25 Python files and 18 datasets. Dask parallel implementation is being considered in the toolbox. According to this study, this toolbox can categorize and predict models on any other dataset. The source code, binaries, and dataset are available for download at https://github.com/mohabedalgani/PGFLibPy.
Evolutionary Computation System Solving Group Decision Making Multiobjective Problems for Human Groups
Authors: Sakamoto Hironao ,   Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan, Nakamoto Kotaro , Ohnishi Kei
Published: March 2022

In a previous work, we proposed an evolutionary computation system designed to solve group decision making multiobjective problems for human groups, which is equivalent to obtaining consensus solutions to multiobjective optimization problems. Multi-human-agent-based evolutionary computation (Mhab-EC) is a primary component of the system, used to obtain converged solutions for multiobjective optimization problems. The other main component is a mechanism that allows owners of simulated human agents to review simulation results thus far and adjust their agents accordingly between successive simulation runs of the Mhab-EC. However, in our previous study, we simply conducted simulations to demonstrate that a single run yielded converged solutions. Consensus solutions were assumed to be obtained through iterations of the Mhab-EC run and agent adjustment. Therefore, in this study, we conducted simulations of the entire system, including the agent adjustment mechanism. For this purpose, we implemented a simple model of agent adjustment by owners to facilitate solution convergence. Simulation results showed that the system indeed yielded converged solutions, which are considered to indicate consensus.
High-Precision and Fast LiDAR Odometry and Mapping Algorithm
Authors: Wang Qingshan , Zhang Jun , Liu Yuansheng , Zhang Xinchen ,   CATARC (Tianjin) Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd. No.68 Xianfeng East Road, Dongli District, Tianjin 300300, China,   College of Robotics, Beijing Union University No.97 Beisihuan East Road, Chao Yang District, Bejing 100101, China
Published: March 2022

LiDAR SLAM technology is an important method for the accurate navigation of automatic vehicles and is a prerequisite for the safe driving of automatic vehicles in the unstructured road environment of complex parks. This paper proposes a LiDAR fast point cloud registration algorithm that can realize fast and accurate localization and mapping of automatic vehicle point clouds through a combination of a normal distribution transform (NDT) and point-to-line iterative closest point (PLICP). First, the NDT point cloud registration algorithm is applied for the rough registration of point clouds between adjacent frames to achieve a rough estimate of the pose of automatic vehicles. Then, the PLICP point cloud registration algorithm is adopted to correct the rough registration result of the point cloud. This step completes the precise registration of the point cloud and achieves an accurate estimate of the pose of the automatic vehicle. Finally, cloud registration is accumulated over time, and the point cloud information is continuously updated to construct the point cloud map. Through numerous experiments, we compared the proposed algorithm with PLICP. The average number of iterations of the point cloud registration between adjacent frames was reduced by 6.046. The average running time of the point cloud registration between adjacent frames decreased by 43.05156 ms. The efficiency of the point cloud registration calculation increased by approximately 51.7%. By applying the KITTI dataset, the computational efficiency of NDT-ICP was approximately 60% higher than that of LeGO-LOAM. The proposed method realizes the accurate localization and mapping of automatic vehicles relying on vehicle LiDAR in a complex park environment and was applied to a Small Cyclone automatic vehicle. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm is reliable and effective.
Effect of Alstonia Boonei Stem Bark Extracts on the Activity of Liver Maker Enzymes in Rats Induced by Ccl4
Authors: Okpashi Victor E. , Uroko Robert I. , Ogana Joy , Agbafor A. , Nwuke C. P.
Published: March 2022

This study investigated the outcome of Alstonia boonei stem bark on liver enzymes after inducing the Wistar albino rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). This effect of plant extract was compared with silymarin – a drug commonly used for the treatment of chronic hepatocyte disorder. The plant sample was extracted with ethanol; acute toxicity study of the extract was performed on eighteen Wistar mice, while 30 rats were sacrificed for liver enzymes assay. The rats were divided into six clusters: each cluster has five rats, culster 1 served as control and was given 2 mL/kg b.w - distilled water; clusters 2 – 6 were CCl4 induced. Cluster 2 was untreated but served as the negative control while cluster 3 was given 0.025 mL or 25kg/kg B.W of Silymarin, which was a regular medicine and aided as the ordinary control. Rats in clusters 4 – 6 were administered - 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg, respectively of ethanol extract for fourteen days. The acute toxicity results of A. boonei extract showed relative fortification due to no death or adversarial responses after 24 hours of the extract administration. A substantial (P ≥ 0.05) surge in ALT action after administering 500 mg/kg proves lesser toxicity was greater dosage. At low dosage of the extract, a non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) rise in AST action specifies that the extract was moderately harmless with no hepatotoxic magnitude at low medication. The substantial reduction of alkaline phosphatase action in cluster 3 rats induced with CCl4 and given with Silymarin, together with clusters 4 – 6 that were CCl4 induced and administered with graded doses of A. boonei stem bark extract suggest hepatoprotective properties.
Comparison Between Deterministic and Stochastic Model for Interaction (COVID-19) With Host Cells in Humans
Authors: Kareem Ahmed M. , Al-Azzawi Saad Naji
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the deterministic and the stochastic models are proposed to study the interaction of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) with host cells inside the human body. In the deterministic model, the value of the basic reproduction number   determines the persistence or extinction of the COVID-19. If   , one infected cell will transmit the virus to less than one cell, as a result,  the person carrying the Coronavirus will get rid of the disease .If   the infected cell  will be able to infect  all  cells that contain ACE receptors. The stochastic model proves that if  are sufficiently large then maybe  give  us ultimate disease extinction although ,  and this  facts also proved by computer simulation.
Using Pomegranate Peel Extract to Change the Adverse Effect of Ethephon by Enhancing its Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anti-apoptotic Effects in Rats
Authors: Daabo Hamid Mahmood Abdullah
Published: March 2022

Organophosphorus insecticide and growth regulator namely Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) are widely used as a ripening process accelerator and a cultivation duration inhibitor. Pomegranate extract (PPE) has recently been taken into consideration due to its pharmacological effects especially those associated with renal diseases. Thus, this study aims to investigate the possible protective effect of PPE against ethephon-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. In this study four groups of adult male rats were divided into control group, PPE 400 mg/kg group, Ethephon 250 mg/kg group, and finally, PPE + Ethephon group (treated with the same dose of PPE group and Ethephon group). In the current study, kidney function parameters (KIM-1, creatinine, and urea) along with oxidative stress markers, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione (GSH) and its correlated enzymes, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) were estimated. Additionally, mediators of renal inflammation: interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were measured. Apoptotic biomarkers (Bax, caspase 3, and Bcl2) in addition to renal histopathological data were also investigated. Results revealed that Ethephon elicited a significant increase in oxidation markers and reduced antioxidant levels, accompanied by oxidative renal tissue injury. Consequently, administration of Ethephon was reported to provoke secretion of the pro-inflammatory mediators. Moreover, histopathological results showed that deformities in the renal tissues were noticed which is attributed to Ethephon exposure. Interestingly, co-administration of PPE and Ethephon resulted in significantly ameliorated the biochemical and histopathological alterations produced by Ethephon. Current results propose the potential effect of PPE in the protection of renal tissue from Ethephon induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Designing and Synthesising Novel Benzophenone Biscyclic Imides Comprising Drug Moity with Investigating their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Fadel Zaynab Hussein , Al-Azzawi Ahlam Marouf
Published: March 2022

The present work involved designing and synthesizing of a series of new. compounds which their molecules are composed from two biologically active components namely sulfamethoxazole or β-lactam containing drugs and cyclic imides. The target new compounds were synthesized by two steps in the first one a series of six bis (N-drug phthalamic acid_4-yl) ketone (1-6) were prepared from the reaction of sulfamethoxazole or β-lactam containing drugs with benzophenone 3, 3′, 4, 4′ -tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
In the second step, compounds (1-6) were introduced in dehydration reaction via fusion process producing the target compounds bis (N-drug phthalimidyl-4-yl) ketone (7-12). The antibacterial and antifungal high activities of the prepared compounds (7-12) were tested against (Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas auroginosa and Staphylococcus aurus) and all compounds showed good to high antibacterial activity. However, the maximum inhibition zone was 38 mm against Staphyloccus aurus, 36 mm against Bacillus subtilis, 35 mm against Pseudomonas auroginosa, 28mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae and 19 mm against Rhizosporium fungi.
The Role of Serum Chitinase-3-Like 1 Protein (YKL-40) Level and its Correlation with Proinflammatory Cytokine in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mohammed Noor Ulhuda G. , Khaleel Fayhaa M. , Gorial Faiq I.
Published: March 2022

Chitinase-3-like 1 protein (YKL-40) is a glycoprotein primarily produced in the arthritic joint and plays a crucial role in inflammatory processes. The aim of the study is to establish the role of YKL-40 as a biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to proinflammatory biomarkers and disease activity. The study included 58 patients and 18 control. Diseases activity score (DAS-28) and clinical disease activity index (CDAI) were measured. Serum level of YKL-40, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1B (IL-1β), erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) were assessed. The results showed that the median serum YKL-40 level which was 5.42  ng/ml, the TNF-a level which was 123.6 ng/ml, and the IL-1B level which was 204.365 pg/dl were significantly higher in patients compared to control 3.28 (1.58–4.99) ng/ml, 56.47 (9.38–77.01) ng/ml and 67.887 (15.493–122.689)pg/dl respectively. There was no correlation between serum YKL-40 and disease activity, while there were significant associations observed with TNF-α (r=0.5,p =0.0001) and IL-1β (r=0.41, p=0.001). YKL-40 indicating good levels of RA prediction at 2.47 ng/ml, sensitivity 87.9%, specificity 58.6%, accuracy 78.1%, PPV 80.9%, and NPV 70.8%. In conclusion, a higher level of serum YKL-40 is found in RA patients. The findings from our study suggest a strong association between YKL-40 and the proinflammatory biomarkers. As a result, these biomarkers together might play a role in RA pathogenesis, and YKL-40 may be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker for RA.
Modeling Jar Test Results Using Gene Expression to Determine the Optimal Alum Dose in Drinking Water Treatment Plants
Authors: Alsaeed Ruba D. , Alaji Bassam , Ibrahim Mazen
Published: March 2022

Coagulation is the most important process in drinking water treatment. Alum coagulant increases the aluminum residuals, which have been linked in many studies to Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, it is very important to use it with the very optimal dose. In this paper, four sets of experiments were done to determine the relationship between raw water characteristics: turbidity, pH, alkalinity, temperature, and optimum doses of alum [   .14 O] to form a mathematical equation that could replace the need for jar test experiments. The experiments were performed under different conditions and under different seasonal circumstances. The optimal dose in every set was determined, and used to build a gene expression model (GEP). The models were constructed using data of the jar test experiments: turbidity, pH, alkalinity, and temperature, to predict the coagulant dose. The best GEP model gave very good results with a correlation coefficient (0.91) and a root mean square error of 1.8. Multi linear regression was used to be compared with the GEP results; it could not give good results due to the complex nonlinear relation of the process. Another round of experiments was done with high initial turbidity like the values that comes to the plant during floods and heavy rain. To give an equation for these extreme values, with studying the use of starch as a coagulant aid, the best GEP gave good results with a correlation coefficient of 0.92 and RMSE 5.1
Determination of Optimal Time-Average Wind Speed Data in the Southern Part of Malaysia
Authors: Derome Daniel , Razali Halim , Fazlizan Ahmad , Jedi Alias , Roberts Katie Purvis-
Published: March 2022

Mersing is one of the places that have the potential for wind power development in Malaysia. Researchers often suggest it as an ideal place for generating electricity from wind power. However, before a location is chosen, several factors need to be considered. By analyzing the location ahead of time, resource waste can be avoided and maximum profitability to various parties can be realized. For this study, the focus is to identify the distribution of the wind speed of Mersing and to determine the optimal average of wind speed. This study is critical because the wind speed data for any region has its distribution. It changes daily and by season. Moreover, no determination has been made regarding selecting the average wind speed used for wind studies. The wind speed data is averaged to 1, 10, 30, and 60 minutes and used to find the optimal wind speed average. This study used Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Chi-Square as the goodness of fit. The finding shows that the wind speed distribution in Mersing varies according to the time average used and the best fit distribution is Gen. Gamma.  In contrast, the optimal average wind speed is 10 minutes due to the highest similarity results with 1-minute data. These affect the reliability of the finding, accuracy of the estimation and decisions made. Therefore, the implementation of this study is significant so that the wind distribution in a particular area is more accurate.
Toxicity of Nanomulsion of Castor Oil on the Fourth larval stage of Culex quinquefsciatus under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Kathiar Soolaf A , Al Hilfy Alla Abd Al Hassan , Al Shammari Hazim Idan
Published: March 2022

Mosquitoes like Culex quinquefasciatus are the primary vector that transmits many causes of diseases such as filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile virus, in many countries around the world. The development in the scientific fields, such as nanotechnology, leads to use this technique in control programs of insects including mosquitoes through the use of green synthesis of nanoemulsions based on plant products such as castor oil.  Castor oil nanoemulsion was formulated in various ratios comprising of castor oil, ethanol, tween 80, and deionized water by ultrasonication. Thermodynamic assay improved that the formula of (10 ml) of castor oil, ethanol (5ml), tween 80 (14 ml) and deionized water (71ml)   was more stable than other formulas. The formulated castor oil nanoemulsion was characterized by transmitting electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering.  Nanoemulsion droplets were spherical in shape and found to have a Z-average diameter of 93 nm. A concentration of castor oil nanoemulsion (250, 350, 450, and 550 ppm) was tested as larvicidal agents and bulk emulsion (1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 ppm) was tested also and compared against the fourth instar larvae. Our nanoemulsion showed higher activity when compared to bulk emulsion.   LC50 for castor oil nanoemulsion and castor bulk emulsion were found to be 268.21 and 409.37ppm after 72 h, respectively. The biochemical assays were carried out to examine the effect of castor oil nanoemulsion on biochemical characteristics of larvae. The treated larval homogenate showed inhibition in the activity of acetylcholinesterase.
Risk Assessment Method for Bullheading Killing Based on the Uncertainty of Formation Parameters
Authors: Chi Peng , Qingfeng Li , Jianhong Fu , Yu Su , Quan Cao , Xiaomin Zhang
Published: March 2022

To analyze the risks caused by the uncertainty of formation parameters to bullheading killing, a method for quantitatively evaluating the bullheading killing risks is established. Firstly, considering the influence of gas invasion volume, formation fracture, and killing parameters, a bullheading killing model is established based on a gas-liquid two-phase flow. Then, the uncertainties of formation parameters (formation pressure and permeability) are quantified. Based on the shut-in wellhead information, the range of formation pressure is predicted with the gas column model and multiphase flow model. Considering the influence of formation fracture on the permeability, Monte Carlo random sampling is applied to predict the range of formation permeability. Based on industry standards, a safety pressure value is set up, and the wellbore pressure corresponding to all value combinations of formation parameters under the given killing parameters is obtained by killing model. Moreover, according to the probability and degree that wellbore pressure exceeds the safety value, the risks are rated to quantify the risk of bullheading killing. Under this circumstance, the feasibility and accuracy of this method are validated by practical cases, and it is found by simulation that flow rate can affect the risk of wellhead damage to the greatest extent, and there exists a critical rate. When the flow rate is greater than the critical rate, the increase in flow rate will greatly improve the risk probability. In such case, improving the density of kill fluid can reduce the risk of wellhead damage in a limited way, but it will greatly increase the risks of formation fracture and casing damage. Therefore, for bullheading killing, it is not advisable to employ high-density kill fluid. By this method, the bullheading killing risks can be fully assessed before actual construction, thus providing reference for determining reasonable construction parameters of bullheading killing.
Effect of 137cs Gamma Radiation on Fungal Strains in an Artwork by Candido Portinari
Authors: Cardoso Renata , Corrêa Fernanda , Chaves Ana , Lutterbach Marcia , Ferreira Ana , Souza Marcia , Silva Luciano , Costa Antonio Carlos Augusto da
Published: March 2022

Gamma radiation is an effective technique for the treatment of art collections, reducing microbial loads and obtained by the emission of a radioactive isotope, such as Cesium 137. A Portinari's artwork (National Museum, Brazil), was analyzed and the fungi contained therein were isolated, and treated with gamma radiation for decontamination. Radiation doses used were 16, 19, and 22 kGy. Results indicated 11 genera and 17 species of fungi isolated. Penicillium and Cladosporium were isolated in air, artwork, and its support. The genera Penicillium, Cladosporium, Nigrospora and Curvularia showed high resistance to radiation (16 kGy) and the most resistant was Cladosporium, with no growth under 22 kGy. The results outlined indicate that the rates of DNA damage and repair were critical, depending on chronic or acute doses. The biochemical mechanism acting on fungal cells under irradiation was basically the inactivation of specific enzymes and, probably, DNA damage, particularly stimulating double-strand breaks.
Association between serum fibroblast growth factor 21 level and clinical prognosis in Chinese patients with resectable colon cancer
Authors: Zhai Xiaolu , Yin Dian , Wang Yan , Wang Fei , Miao Yajun
Published: March 2022

Background and aim:
Several aspects of the correlation between colon cancer and hemostatic markers are still unknown to many researchers in the field. In this study, we evaluated the association between serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) level and colon cancer.
Methods
This study included 424 patients with colon cancer (mean age 67.79 years; 37.97% female 62.03% male). Serum FGF21 levels were quantified by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
Patients with negative lymph nodes or venous invasion showed a significantly lower serum FGF21 level than their counterparts (all P < 0.001). Higher serum concentrations of FGF-21 were statistically significantly associated with greater odds of developing lymph nodes or venous invasion. After adjusting for potential confounders and when compared with the lowest quartile of FGF-21, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for venous invasion in the third and fourth quartile were 2.59 (95% CI, 1.17–5.76) and 18.43 (95% CI, 8.11–41.89), respectively (both P < 0.05). ROC analysis revealed that serum FGF21 level higher than 462.21 pg/ml suggested the occurrence of venous invasion.
Conclusions
Serum FGF21 level was an independent risk factor for lymph nodes or venous invasion in Chinese patients with resectable colon cancer. The risk of venous invasion increased 16 times when the serum FGF21 level higher than 462.21 pg/ml.
EFL Teacher’s Beliefs about Sociolinguistic Competence:
Authors: Putra Edi Ramawijaya
Published: March 2022

The research aimed to explore beliefs of sociolinguistic competence from Indonesian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers. Two teachers were carefully chosen to participate in the research. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, analyzed, and interpreted using the critical descriptive method. The research finds that EFL teachers express their beliefs in various terms, ideologies, and perspectives. The result indicates that the EFL teachers’ beliefs about sociolinguistic competence are equivalent to the concepts of spatial repertoire, principled-polycentrism, resourceful speakers, and sociolinguistics as mobility. It also indicates that EFL teachers’ pedagogical affordances in determining learning objectives, selecting materials and media for learning, implementing classroom strategies, and choosing appropriate evaluation for their teaching are influenced by their beliefs of sociolinguistic competence. The research suggests that Indonesian EFL teachers should be awarded the freedom to develop sociolinguistic competence based on their classroom context and learners’ heterogeneity. With the presence of a national curriculum (known as K13) that gives more spaces for sociolinguistic competence to take place, teachers should transform their paradigm of seeing classroom interaction in EFL classroom to be more sociolinguistically-aware to transform the static, pre-determined, and motionless definition of sociolinguistic competence to a more dynamic, fluid, and varying. These transformations can be made by imparting sociolinguistic competence in teachers’ education and teachers’ professional development programs.
Social Relation that Triggers the Use of Code-Switching in the Novel the Architecture of Love by Ika Natassa
Authors: Karjo Clara Herlina , Alyarizky Fairuza
Published: March 2022

The research aimed to find out the influencing factors that caused the characters and the narrator in the novel ‘The Architecture of Love’ to do code-switching and discover how the social relation between the characters and the narrator affected the use of code-switching. Novels written by bilingual authors were frequently used as objects of analysis in code-switching research. However, most research only focused on the code-switching performed by the characters in the novels. Rarely had the attention been given to the authors or the narrators of the story. A descriptive text analysis method and library research were used to analyze the dialogues and narratives found in this novel. Results show that the reasons for most of the code switch used in the dialogues and narratives are the intentions of clarifying the speech content for the interlocutors and when talking about a particular topic. The social relation of the character shows that they treat each other as friends that have equal social status. A similar relation is also found between the writer and the readers. It can be implied that the social relation between the characters does affect the use of code-switching.
Strengthening Student Character with Local Cultural Metaphors: Messages Exploration from the Tiba Meka Dance
Authors: Menggo Sebastianus , Pandor Pius , Ndiung Sabina
Published: March 2022

The research aimed to analyze the metaphor constructions and pedagogic values in the tiba meka dance. Students’ character building through metaphor construction in traditional dance had not been widely investigated; meanwhile, the metaphors used in this dance contain great values for encouraging students’ positive attitudes. Metaphor construction had a fundamental role for the students to have creative thought and deepen their understanding of its nature and role as a real communication language. The proper metaphor’s construction encouraged a student to be a catalyst in cross-cultural communication and appreciated the values contained in the metaphor delivered. The research was carried out between February and December 2019 and involved 30 respondents. The instruments used in collecting data were a set of stationery, questionnaire, interview, documentation, field notes, and recordings. These data were analyzed qualitatively through the phenomenological method. The findings show that the tiba meka dance is inseparable from the use of metaphors, namely bird, vegetation, body, sun, and water metaphors that have great pedagogic values, such as honesty, responsibility, and disciplin that contribute to the character building for students. The ideologies that underline tiba meka dance are morals, identity, and economy.
AS MULHERES GANHADORAS DO NOBEL DE QUÍMICA (1901 – 2020)
Authors: Silveira Camila , Amaral Clarice , Pantano Glaucia , Simões Tatiana
Published: March 2022

THE FEMALE WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY (1901 – 2020). This paper contemplates the scientific contributions of the seven winners, from the creation of the Nobel Prize to the year 2020. The laureates are Marie Curie, Irène Joliot-Curie, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, Ada Yonath, Frances Hamilton Arnold, Emmanuelle Marie Charpentier, and Jennifer Anne Doudna. In 112th editions of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, there were 186 awards, where only seven winners were women, an amount less than 4% of the total, which makes clear the low female representation. Marie was the pioneer, being the first woman to win, alone, a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. She was the only woman to win two Nobel Prizes, and the only person awarded in two distinct scientific areas: Chemistry and Physics. Only Marie and Dorothy received the award alone, Irène, Ada and Frances shared the award with men, and Emmanuelle and Jennifer became the first pair of women to share a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. There is an evident under-representation of women in the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, but this should not be a reason not to remember and celebrate the trajectory of these brilliant scientists, who must be present in training courses in scientific areas, as well as in Basic Education schools
The synergic interface between narrative techniques and other elements of fiction: Dramatic irony and Betrayal in NGugi's A Grain of Wheat.
Authors: Bazimaziki Gabriel
Published: March 2022

The author’s goal to successfully impart a thought through fiction depends largely on the synergetic relationship between narrative techniques and other literary elements. This paper explores the synergic alliance between the authors’ choice of methods or literary devices to reveal the audience how characters and themes affecting them cannot be disconnected.  The study hinges on a qualitative document analysis involving Ngugi’s novel A Grain of Wheat. Discussion was guided by three study questions concerning the place that narrative techniques hold among the fictional generic elements; the use of dramatic irony in A Grain of Wheat; and what can be learnt from that situation. Analysis revealed that dramatic irony is used in that novel to show the reader that people could be cautious to decide on heroes and traitors before the story conflict resolution. It was also confirmed that the interface between elements of literature cannot be doubted.
A Study on Cultural Connotations of Animal Words in Chinese and English
Authors: Wang Jianwei
Published: March 2022

Language and culture are inseparable from each other and words are the direct representation of culture. In both English and Chinese, there are a great many animal words which carry unique cultural connotations in each culture. Through the comparison on the cultural connotations of animal words in both languages, it is found that the same word may have divergent connotations and different words also can carry similar implications. The findings imply that it is necessary to better understand these cultural connotations in order to conduct a successful cross-cultural communication.
Mediation, ecology of knowledge and literature: A dialogue on the margins
Authors: Nogueira Bernardo Gomes Barbosa , Faria Fernanda Nigri
Published: March 2022

This essay intends to offer reflections about a possible path between private mediation and literature, having as an argument, both a derridian reading of alterity, and the theory of ecology of knowledges by Boaventura de Sousa Santos.
Covid-19 and Immune Response on Our Lifestyle
Authors: Khare Smriti , Khare Richa , Yadav Upasana , Maurya Shruti
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Covid-19 (Pandemic) not only agitated physical health, but mental health has also taken a toll in last 2 years however, it impacts on our lifestyle . The aim of this review is to disclose about the lifestyle changes due to the disruption of Covid-19 and how humans are approaching this global pandemic. A survey was conducted online, in which we prepared a questioner chart asking about different lifestyles problems including increased screen-time, lack of body movement, eating disorder, dietary health, depression, sleeping pattern, in lockdown period due to coronaviruses. Total 138 people were involved, aged 16- 50 in this survey about 70% respondent in elevation of screen-time, and about 30 % people increased their fruit & vegetable intake after the outbreak of covid19. Keywords: Covid-19, lifestyle, health, obesity, pandemic
The Integration of Industry 4.0 in the Processes of a Company in the Gas Sector through a Holistic Enterprise Architecture
Authors: Panayiotou Nikolaos A. , Stergiou Konstantinos E. , Stavrou Vasileios P.
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Industry 4.0 is a rapidly evolving concept that has received attention in recent years and aims to achieve a higher and more efficient production rate through automation. Because its implementation involves the improvement of business processes, this concept is inextricably linked to Business Process Management. Business Process Modeling is a Business Process Management tool that can be used to describe an organization's processes in order to elaborate and improve them. As a result, models are widely used for the better comprehension of processes and as a first step in introducing new concepts, such as Industry 4.0, into an organization. Hence, a comprehensive framework of a modeling architecture is required for an organization that desires a holistic transmission to new concepts based on its needs, operations, and structure. In this paper, a holistic enterprise architecture, along with an instance of it, which is proposed in a company that manages the high and medium-pressure natural gas network is presented, encompassing the appropriate models for the recording and detailed presentation of business processes and how Industry 4.0 principles and applications could be incorporated to them. Keywords: Industry 4.0; Modeling Architecture; Enterprise Architecture; Gas Sector; Business Processes
Review Paper of Design and Fabrication of Smart Electromagnetic Breaking System
Authors: Bawane Prof. S. G. , Khajuria Moksh , Sontakke Vaibhav , Gharjare Chetan , Dhakate Aniket , Sonkusare Hemraj , Rajput Ramesh
Published: March 2022

Abstract: According to a study 20-30% of the road accident cases are caused due to less attentiveness of vehicle driver or the failure of brakes and vehicles have mechanical brakes which requires a high mechanical force that cause a problem to handicap person so to overcome above described problem we came up with the idea of intelligent braking system with obstacles detection which has 3 parts first is electromagnets to provide automation to the brakes and second part is infrared sensor by sensing braking system can detect obstacles so that it can automatically send signal to relay and brakes can be applied third part is brake for which we electromagnet braking to provide smoothness and effective braking and the last and main part or brain of the system is infrared sensor and relay which gets the signal from sensor and activates the brakes So from this braking system we can provide the automation to a mechanical braking system which can be further modify and can be implement to vehicles the brakes in which we can fully rely on and can also be used in vehicles for handicaps that aren't able to apply conventional braking. 1) BRAKE • A brake is a mechanical device which retards motion. • Brakes use friction between two surfaces to convert the kinetic energy of the moving object into heat. 2) Need for Alternative These systems are prone to the wear and tear on usage a) Conventional braking systems produces continuous power dissipation as heat and may fail if the temperature rises too high b) Friction based braking methods are also not efficient under wet conditions
Credit Card Fraud Detection System Using CNN
Authors: Shanmugapriya P. , Shupraja R. , Madhumitha V.
Published: March 2022

Abstract: This Project is focused on credit card fraud detection in real-world scenarios. Fraud is one of the major ethical issues in the credit card industry. In this era we can see many innovative financial services like ATMs, online banking, etc. Besides, along with the rapid advances of e-commerce, the use of credit cards has become a convenient and necessary part of financial life. A credit card is a payment card supplied to customers as a system of payment. Using a third-person credit card or its information without the knowledge of that person is referred to as credit card fraud. Application and Behavioral fraud are major types of fraud where people are easily tricked and lose their money. The same user may submit multiple applications which may lead to identical fraud. Application fraud takes place when fraudsters apply for new cards from a bank or issuing companies using false or others' information. In this project, we will be applying some supervised and unsupervised algorithms and will classify the credit card dataset. We will use CNN and correlate the data train and get the model's accuracy. Keywords: CCFD, CNN, Logistic Regression, Feature extraction.