bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stereotype in Webkorpora: Strategien zur Suche in sehr großen Datenmengen
Authors: Quasthoff Uwe , Hallsteinsdóttir Erla
Published: March 2021

Research on stereotypes (as well as on similar constructs such as prejudice, image, identity, etc.) goes back around a century. Most research on stereotypes belongs to the field of psychological, social and cultural studies, with a strong focus on cognitive and socio-cultural phenomena. Since Uta Quasthoff’s pioneering analysis in 1973, there have been several linguistic studies of stereotypes, i. e. on linguistic aspects of how stereotypes are realized in language use. Linguistic research on stereotypes uses methods from disciplines such as sociolinguistics, ethnography, discourse and conversation analysis. Discursive psychology and cognitive linguistics and single studies on stereotypes have used corpus-linguistic methods to explore stereotypes in language use. Nevertheless, we state that no large-scale empirical studies have yet investigated the linguistic realization of stereotypes by using empirical data from large text corpora. In this article, we explore the potential of corpus linguistic approaches in the research on the occurrences of stereotypes in written language. By using an analysis of co-occurrences, we aim to describe the relation between associative semantic stereotypes and co-occurrences in a corpus. Our hypothesis is that the linguistic construction of stereotypes as their realization in language use reproduces stereotypic representations of cognitive conceptualizations and meaning patterns, thus, stereotypic meanings should be detectable in statistical patterns in large corpora.
Corpus-based analysis of the collocational profiles of the terms denoting the mentally challenged
Authors: Markelova Liana
Published: March 2021

The present study aims to trace the evolution of public attitude towards the mentally challenged by means of the corpus-based analysis. The raw data comes from the two of the BYU corpora: Global Web-Based English (GloWbE) and Corpus of Historical American English (COHA). The former is comprised of 1.8 million web pages from 20 English-speaking countries (Davies/Fuchs 2015: 1) and provides an opportunity to research at a cross-cultural level, whereas the latter, containing 400 million words from more than 100,000 texts ranging from the 1810s to the 2000s (Davies 2012: 121), allows to carry on a diachronic research on the issue. To identify the difference in attitudes the collocational profiles of the terms denoting the mentally challenged were created. Having analysed them in terms of their semantic prosody one might conclude that there are certain semantic shifts that occurred due to the modern usage preferences and gradual change in public perception of everything strange, unusual and unique.
Gewalt der Sprache: Lexikalische Abwertung als (Ab)Bild einer Sprachgemeinschaft
Authors: Stojić Aneta , Brala-Vukanović Marija
Published: March 2021

The focus of this paper is on pejoratives, i. e. on lexical units of the negative evaluative type. Departing from the assumption that the study of negative evaluation offers an insight into hu-man nature, we shall here analyse the process of negative evaluation (the process of pejoriza-tion), as well as the result of that process (pejoratives themselves). The analysis is conducted on currently available research – both traditional and cognitive linguistic – as well as on the corpus that has been obtained from both scholarly articles as well as dictionaries. The basis of the corpus is represented by pejoratives used to address people, found in German dictionaries. In order to test the (universal) status and the limits of the conceptual status of the pejoratives themselves, we have analysed the corpus also at the cross linguistic level, comparing and contrasting the German examples with equivalent English examples.
Darstellung des Begriffs Toleranz im Deutschen und im Polnischen aus Frame-semantischer Perspektive
Authors: Dudzik Karina
Published: March 2021

The principal aim of this article is to create a cognitive holistic definition of ‘tolerance’ in Polish and in German based on the approach of the Frame Semantics according to Alexander Ziem (2008). The theory relies on the concept “frame”, understood as a cognitive structure facilitating the understanding of linguistic meaning. The semantic frame consists of “slots” and instances of slots, namely “default values” and “fillers”. The empirical material includes two types of data: selected dictionary definitions of “tolerance” and some press article con-taining this notion. It has been carried out a survey among the Polish and the German native speakers to evaluate the particular meaning aspects of “tolerance” i. e. to distinguish between the default values and the fillers of the Frame TOLERANCE.
Некоторые особенности двувидовых глаголов и их восприятие билингвами и монолингвами
Authors: Pavlova Anna
Published: March 2021

The Russian language contains a number of bi-aspectual verbs, which may be used as both imperfective and perfective. A comparison of several dictionaries shows that lexicographers hold very different opinions as to whether a given verb is bi-aspectual or not. A comparison of verbs labeled as bi-aspectual in a dictionary against real usage of some bi-aspectual verbs in texts indicates that the dictionaries are not always reliable and that the lexicographic mark-ing of bi-aspectual verbs is rather founded on tradition than on actual usage in texts.
Dimensionen der Wahrnehmung von Varianz
Authors: Gessinger Joachim
Published: March 2021

The SiN-project data corpus delivers an empirical foundation for the study of different dimensions in the perception of variation as “divergence from common usage” (H. Paul). In addition to the “objective” linguistic data (Produktionsdaten) obtained through biographical interviews, informal chats with relations and friends (Tischgespräche) as well as tasks to explore the variational repertoire of the informants, the corpus also displays results of the elicitation of linguistic knowledge and language attitudes obtained through specific testing methods, in which the purpose was to evaluate non-standard language features as to their salience, the situational dependence and norm adequacy and to trigger metalinguistic comments. In order to give plausible qualitative and quantitative evidence about the regional diversity of perception and linguistic variation in Northern Germany I will show the interdependence between the realization of phonological features divergent from spoken standard and perceptional dispositions of the informants which indicate the sociopragmatic function of phonological and morphosyntactic variation.
Zur Etablierung der deutsch-niederländischen Staatsgrenze als Dialektgrenze im Nordniedersächsischen: Sprachliches Wissen, Wahrnehmung linguistischer Laien oder beides?
Authors: Hohenstein Line-Marie
Published: March 2021

Dialects in general are losing more and more their genuine structures, meaning the structure of the dialect has increasingly overtaken some standard variety structures. Such changes, however, were as well observed in border dialects, for example Low-German and Dutch ones (see Kremer 1979 and Giesbers 2008 and Smits 2011). The German and Dutch standard variety to those the dialects have adverged are that different in their structure that the dialects now diverge among themselves at some regions across the border. This process led to the fact, that the state border between the Netherlands and Germany has become an isogloss. Besides these facts it could have been proven by Kremer (1984) and Giesbers (2008) with modern methods like mental maps that also the perception of the state border has changed – it has become an isogloss on their mental map as well. This article circles the question, if those linguistic divides (i. e. „sprachliche Bruchstellen“, cf. Kremer 1993: 26) can also be found in other areas across the German-Dutch border such as in the area, where North lower Saxon is spoken. To investigate the potential change of each dialect in favor of the particular standard variety, I chose linguistic phenomena of the genuine homogeneous North lower Saxon dialect and surveyed them with traditional methods (i.e. translating sentences). Besides that, I applied the method mental maps and asked in two villages, which are located in Germany and in the Netherlands, where to speak (mainly) the same. In a last step I correlated those results, to see if both – perception and status quo of the dialect structure – match.
Sprachgebrauch und Spracheinstellungen in der Deutschschweiz. Pfarrpersonen als sprachbewusste Sprecherinnen und Sprecher im Fokus
Authors: Oberholzer Susanne
Published: March 2021

The relation between Swiss German dialects and Standard German has been subject to public and scholarly debates for over 100 years. Among the most frequently discussed points are the appropriateness of spoken Standard German in different contexts and the attitudes of Swiss people towards the two varieties. This paper summarises the results of a completed research project (Oberholzer in Vorb.), which surveyed language use and language attitudes in Swit-zerland for a specific group of speakers: pastors and priests working in German-speaking Switzerland. The paper shows how pastors and priests make use of the diglossic situation and the possibility to code-switch in Sunday services. The use of Standard German emerges as an important communicative resource in German-speaking Switzerland. In addition, real language use and intended language use match to a high degree; this shows the degree of language awareness of this particular group in a diglossic situation. Furthermore, a relatively new approach – the assumption that several mental models of High German coexist – helps to show differentiated language attitudes and to contradict some of the most common stereotypes regarding Standard German in German-speaking Switzerland. The attitudes towards Standard German in this study are significantly more positive than those observed in previous studies.
Crowdsourcing the linguistic landscape of a multilingual country. Introducing Lingscape in Luxembourg
Authors: Purschke Christoph
Published: March 2021

This paper introduces the citizen science mobile application Lingscape. This free research tool for Android and iOS smartphones uses a crowdsourcing approach for research on linguistic landscapes. The paper discusses the use of mobile applications and crowdsourcing in linguistics, methodological requirements and problems of an app-based approach to the study of linguistic landscapes, and the key features of the app Lingscape. It considers the Luxembourgish cultural super-diversity as well as existing studies about the Luxembourgish linguistic landscape to set the background for the pilotstudy.
Räume und Grenzen in der Laienmetasprache. Eine Metaphernanalyse zu Sprache und Sprecher
Authors: Studler Rebekka
Published: March 2021

In folk linguistic studies people provide information about their perception and evaluation of languages and their speakers. In so doing, they use different strategies of verbalization. Frequently, they conceptualize space, boundaries, and crossings in drawing on mental concepts as metaphors and metonymies. This paper shows, based on a study on language attitudes in German-speaking Switzerland, the strategies laypeople use to organize their mental (language) spaces. For this purpose, I shall discuss recent data, collected via questionnaires and interviews, which illustrate how language attitudes are conceptualized and verbalized through metaphors and metonymies, and how the relationship between language and speaker is established through the process of indexicalization and iconization.
¿Cómo traducir el lunfardo al alemán? El reto de la variación lingüística en la traducción audiovisual
Authors: Gugenberger Eva
Published: March 2021

This article focuses on the problems arising from non-standard varieties in the translation of audiovisual texts using the example Lunfardo. This special repertoire of words, which originated in the late 19th century in the lower classes in Buenos Aires, has become a commonly used and characteristic part of colloquial Rioplatense Spanish. Taking the example Okupas, an Argentine TV series for young people, and guided by the priority function that the use of Lunfardo has in the series, this study intends to identify an appropriate style of speech for dubbing into German. Based on a selected dialogue, some results are presented that were developed in class together with students of translation. The objective of the analysis is to demonstrate that it is possible to find more creative and adequate solutions to go further than the usual practice to level diasystematic characteristics when translating into standard German.
Hub of medical expertise or medicalised conveyor-belt? Sharing meanings online on the hospital birth setting
Authors: Fage-Butler Antoinette
Published: March 2021

In 2014, the official risk advice in the UK regarding birth setting was altered given scientific evidence that for low-risk groups, home births are safer than hospital births. As hospital births were previously the de facto recommendation, and pregnant women in the UK now need to consider their birth setting options carefully, many go online, seeking advice about birth setting options from their peers. In this paper, I investigate how the hospital birth setting is constructed on an online forum where women seek advice on the relative merits of various birth settings, analysing posters’ constructions of the hospital birth setting using Foucauldian discourse analysis. Findings reveal that the hospital birth setting is characterised either as the best and safest place to ensure safe delivery due to on-site biomedical experts and technology, or it is constructed as dehumanising, involving unnecessary intervention-related risks to mother and baby. The majority of the threads are critical of the hospital birth setting. Besides these findings, this paper contributes methodologically to the study of birth settings as it adopts a cultural approach supported by discourse analysis, illustrating the metapragmatic context within which birth setting decisions are made. As women’s perspectives on the birth setting issue are in focus, findings regarding women’s satisfaction with the various options are valuable for healthcare professionals who support women with birth setting decisions, as well as obstetric and maternity practitioners in the hospital setting. The extent of posters’ critique of the hospital birth setting suggests the need for further research.
HIV/AIDS in South Africa: Graphic signs countering the stigma and silence
Authors: Chariatte Nadine
Published: March 2021

South Africa is one of the countries most affected by HIV/AIDS. Despite this strong presence of HIV/AIDS in South African society the disease remains stigmatised and is not openly talked about. The silence about HIV/AIDS maintained in everyday conversations and the superstitions associated with it have led to creative uses of social media to discuss HIV/AIDS-related issues. This study aims to investigate how South African users resort to specific graphic signs to talk about HIV/AIDS online. The analysis is situated within a theoretical frame-work of small stories. An important feature of the small stories analysed is the stigmatisation of HIV/AIDS and numerous related issues. For this study 368 Facebook status updates and comments concerning HIV/AIDS and its side effects were analysed. All of the participants (80 in total), aged 14–48, lived in the Cape Flats area of Cape Town at the moment of data collection. In most cases the graphic signs display a graphic depiction of the physical, mental and social effects of the illness, different ways of transmission, and everyday life with HIV/AIDS. These semiotic practices employed on Facebook provide insight into how Capetonian users, on the one hand, express solidarity and sympathy with people suffering from HIV/AIDS. On the other hand, the graphic signs are used to (negatively) label and blame people affected by HIV/AIDS. This leads to acts of othering and distancing of people affected by HIV/AIDS. Thus, in the South African context social media have become an important space and means for communicating HIV/AIDS issues. As users from the Cape Flats draw on a range of graphic signs to discuss diverse HIV/AIDS-related issues online despite the stigmatisation, these graphic signs might create new opportunities to fight HIV/AIDS.
Prosody in Interaction
Authors: Bergmann Pia
Published: March 2021

Interactional approaches to prosody have seen an enormous growth in the last decades. One crucial assumption common to these approaches is that prosodic devices may serve as resources for structuring and organizing an interaction. Methodologically, interactionally informed research of prosody rests upon ethnomethodological conversation analysis and contextualization theory. In this paper, a case study of the Cologne German rising-falling intonation contour serves to illuminate the prevalent methods in the field. The results are discussed with respect to their implications for basic theoretical assumptions about prosody and intonation. Consistent with core assumptions of Interactional Linguistics, they point to the variable and gradient nature of intonational functions that can best be captured in a grammar model that allows for holistic descriptions of linguistic structures.
The illocution-prosody relationship and the Information Pattern in spontaneous speech according to the Language into Act Theory (L-AcT)
Authors: Cresti Emanuela
Published: March 2021

This paper introduces the question of the definition of reference units for speech, correlating with the necessary condition that they must be an adequate and useful means for analyzing large spoken corpora. According to Language into Act Theory (L-AcT), the utterance is the proper reference unit and the counterpart of the speech act (Austin 1962), being demarcated by prosody within the flow of speech. The pragmatic foundations of the utterance and its information structure will be described and are closely connected to the role of prosody in their identification. The pragmatic and information analysis of English and Romance examples are presented, which are taken from representative spoken corpora (C-ORAL-ROM, C-ORAL-BRAZIL, S. Barbara Corpus). Regarding the information structure, the Comment unit is considered the core of the Information Pattern and since its role is the expression of the illocution it automatically conveys the new information. The Comment may be accompanied and supported by other optional information units which are functionally differentiated. The Information Pattern is systematically demarcated by a Prosodic Pattern within an isomorphic correlation.
Vom Text zur Übung. Kollokationen in Lesetexten und ihre Widerspiegelung in Übungen (am Beispiel ausgewählter DaF-Lehrwerke)
Authors: Targońska Joanna
Published: March 2021

Collocations are an important part of lexis. Their use is often indispensable and they cannot be replaced by any other lexical means. Unfortunately, they pose a big problem for learners of a foreign language because they are not conspicuous and the learners are not aware of their conventionality and fixed character. It is then important to draw the learner’s attention to that part of lexis, for example by placing collocations in the vocabulary practice. This analysis attempts to investigate to what degree the lexical practice following specific texts in a coursebook incorporates the collocations that have been used in those texts. The analysis focuses on the coursebooks for German as a foreign language for learners at B1+ level. The objective of the analysis is to check if the students’ attention is directed to collocations in the texts themselves and then if the collocations are part of the vocabulary practice. The research concerns the degree to which the collocations in the texts become part of the vocabulary practice (quantitative analysis) and their quality (qualitative analysis).
Emotions in the face: biology or culture? – Using idiomatic constructions as indirect evidence to inform a psychological research controversy
Authors: Langlotz Andreas
Published: March 2021

Research on the facial expression of emotions has become a bone of contention in psychological research. On the one hand, Ekman and his colleagues have argued for a universal set of six basic emotions that are recognized with a considerable degree of accuracy across cultures and automatically displayed in highly similar ways by people. On the other hand, more recent research in cognitive science has provided results that are supportive of a cultural-relativist position. In this paper this controversy is approached from a contrastive perspective on phraseological constructions. It focuses on how emotional displays are codified in somatic idioms in some European (English, German, French, Spanish) and East Asian (Japanese, Korean, Chinese [Cantonese]) languages. Using somatic idioms such as make big eyes or die Nase rümpfen as a pool of evidence to shed linguistic light on the psychological controversy, the paper engages with the following general research question: Is there a significant difference between European and East Asian somatic idioms or do these constructions rather speak for a universal apprehension of facial emotion displays? To answer this question, the paper compares somatic expressions that are selected from (idiom) dictionaries of the languages listed above. Moreover, native speakers of the East Asian languages were consulted to support the analysis of the respective data. All corresponding entries were analysed categorically, i. e. with regard to whether or not they encode a given facial area to denote a specific emotion. The results show arguments both for and against the universalist and the cultural-relativist positions. In general, they speak for an opportunistic encoding of facial emotion displays.
Erasmus-Erfahrungsberichte. Eine textlinguistische Analyse mit didaktischen Anmerkungen für den DaF-Unterricht
Authors: Bies Andrea
Published: March 2021

In this article exchange student testimonials (Erasmus Programme) are examined as text types. In this context function, structure, topics and selected linguistic features of the texts are focused. Analysis shows that the majority of the examined exchange student testimonials demonstrate many common features with advice giving texts. Regarding content, culture comparing topics are found as characteristic elements, and on the linguistic level, a frequent occurrence of elements of conceptual orality. These texts can therefore become relevant authentic teaching materials, as they are able to enhance knowledge of everyday language use and intercultural skills. Thus, the article concludes with didactic notes.
Uses and Properties of some Adverbs in Contemporary French and Spanish: honnêtement and sérieusement vs. honestamente, seriamente and en serio
Authors: Álvarez-Prendes Emma
Published: March 2021

In this paper we propose to examine and contrast the functioning of five adverbs in contemporary French (sérieusement and honnêtement) and Spanish (honestamente, seriamente and en serio). Our aim is threefold:– To verify the different uses of honnêtement and sérieusement in French, and to compare          them with the uses of honestamente, seriamente and en serio in Spanish.– To justify the existence of these uses in terms of their different properties.– To examine the origin and historical evolution of these uses and to explain their common       origin as a result of a process of subjectification.
A diachronic analysis of visiblement/visiblemente: contemporary false-friends
Authors: Gómez-Jordana Sonia
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to establish how the French adverb visiblement has evolved, and to find the most accurate translations of this adverb in Spanish. Dictionaries tend to give literal translations, whereby visiblement is translated as visiblemente. A diachronic analysis of this adverb will enable us to see whether they are indeed false-friends. In Old French and in Pre-classical French, it was used as a clause element adverb, before being used as a disjunct adverb from the 17th century onwards. Eventually, it goes on to appear by itself, or, accompanying an affirmative, like oui, in the 20th century. We will demonstrate that the adverb undergoes a process of pragmaticalisation as described by Dostie (2004), with the adverb becoming more subjective, going from a literal sense, to a disjunct or pragmatic adverb. Nevertheless, in Spanish, since Old Spanish until nowadays, there are almost no examples other than its use as a clause element adverb. That’s the reason why we cannot propose a literal translation of the adverb.
Near-native, nativelike or native? Some terminological and conceptual remarks on L2 ultimate attainment research
Authors: Zubrzycki Kamil
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this paper is to draw attention to the problem of the inconsistent and potentially confusing use of the terms near-native, nativelike and native with reference to study participants and their level of L2 ultimate attainment in age-related research, as well as to highlight certain conceptual discrepancies pertaining to this issue. A basic analysis of some of the best-known publications in the relevant literature has demonstrated that the terms near-native and nativelike are not always defined in the same way, and furthermore, distinct criteria are applied to select highly advanced subjects for studies which set out to determine whether reaching a nativelike (native) level of L2 proficiency is feasible, thereby supporting or challenging the Critical Period Hypothesis. Such a state of affairs might have serious implications both for the methodology of L2 ultimate attainment research and the interpretation of the corresponding results.
It is also argued that adopting a more bilingual-oriented approach to nativelikeness and reconsidering the role of the native speaker as the yardstick for L2 performance may significantly benefit the SLA theory by facilitating the interpretation of the findings and increasing the validity of studies investigating the age factor in L2 acquisition.
Fitoplankton sebagai bioindikator kualitas perairan pada zona litoral waduk Sei Pulai, Pulau Bintan, Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Fatmayanti Novi , Apriadi Tri , Melani Winny Retna
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Sei Pulai reservoir is located on Bintan Island, Riau Islands Province. Water quality monitoring of Sei Pulai reservoir needs to be done considering that this reservoir is a source of raw water for the people of Tanjungpinang City and surrounding areas.The objective of this recent study were to determine the diversity and structure of phytoplankton community, also determine the water quality of litoral zone at Sei Pulai reservoir based on phytoplankton as bioindicator. Sampling points were chosen by purposive sampling method. Phtoplankton and water sample were collected in three parts namely inlet, middle, and outlet of the reservoir. Species richness of phytoplankton in littoral zone Sei Pulai reservoir consisted of 3 divisions and 18 species. Phytoplankton abundance in the inlet of reservoir showed moderate abundance. In theotehrs hand, the middle and outlet of the reservoir showed low abundance. Based on ecological index, phytoplankton community was categorized low diversity, moderate uniformity, and no dominance. The saprobic index value obtained from the analysis of the phytoplankton community more moderate organic matter or β/α-mesosaprobic. Keywords : bio-indicator, community structure, littoral zone, phytoplankton, saprobic index Abstrak. Waduk Sei Pulai terletak di Pulau Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Monitoring terhadap kualitas perairan waduk Sei Pulai perlu dilakukan mengingat waduk ini menjadi merupakan sumber air baku masyarakat Kota Tanjungpinang dan sekitarnya. Kajian yang dilakukan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji jenis dan struktur komunitas fitoplankton serta kualitas perairan di zona litoral waduk Sei Pulai berdasarkan fitoplankton sebagai bioindikator. Lokasi pengambilan sampel ditentukan berdasarkan metode purposive sampling. Sampel fitoplankton dan air diambil pada tiga bagian waduk yaitu masukan air (inlet), tengah, serta keluaran air (outlet). Fitoplankton yang ditemukan di perairan zona litoral waduk Sei Pulai terdiri dari tiga divisi dan 18 jenis fitoplankton. Nilai kelimpahan fitoplankton di bagian inlet menunjukkan kelimpahan sedang. Bagian tengah dan outlet waduk menunjukkan kelimpahan rendah. Hasil penilaian indeks ekologi menunjukkan bahwa komunitas fitoplankton memiliki keanekaragaman rendah, keseragaman sedang, dan tidak ada yang mendominansi. Berdasarkan indeks saprobik diketahui bahwa di zona litoral Waduk Sei Pulai terjadi pencemaran bahan organik sedang (Kategori β/α-mesosaprobik). Kata kunci : bioindikator, fitoplankton, struktur komunitas, indeks saprobik, zona litoral
Perubahan sebaran dan kerapatan hutan mangrove di Pesisir Pantai Bama, Taman Nasional Baluran menggunakan citra satelit SPOT 4 dan SPOT 6
Authors: Fudloly Andhika Rahmatullah Laksmana , Fuad Mochammad Arif Zainul , Purwanto Anang Dwi
Published: March 2021

The condition of mangrove forests in the Baluran National Park area is always changing. Mapping changes of mangrove area and density is needed to find out areas that need attention for mangrove conservation. The study aimed to determine the distribution and the density of mangrove forests in coastal waters of Bama, Baluran National Park. The image data used were SPOT 4 acquisition in 2007 and SPOT 6 acquisition in 2017 as well as field data that have been collected on 23-25 January 2019. The method of separating mangrove and non-mangrove objects used supervised classification, whereas for estimating the density of mangrove using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) algorithm. The results showed the distribution of mangrove forests in coastal waters of Bama, Baluran National Park from 2007-2017 decreased in area by 8.9 ha. In contrast, the condition of mangrove density increased significantly, where the changes in mangrove density were dominated in the high-density class. The results of the accuracy tests using the method confusion matrix obtained an overall accuracy of 88%, while the accuracy-test with the kappa method obtained an accuracy of 87.76%. The resulting accuracy value indicates a high level of accuracy (more than 85%) and according to the specified requirements.Keywords: Mangrove, NDVI, SPOT 4, SPOT 6, Baluran National Park ABSTRAKKondisi luasan hutan mangrove di kawasan Taman Nasional Baluran terus mengalami perubahan. Pemetaan perubahan luasan dan kerapatan mangrove sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui area yang membutuhkan perhatian untuk pelestarian mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran dan kerapatan hutan mangrove di  pesisir pantai Bama, Taman Nasional Baluran. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah citra SPOT 4 akuisisi tahun 2007 dan citra SPOT 6 akuisisi tahun 2017 dan data hasil survei lapangan yang telah dilakukan pada tanggal 23 - 25 Januari 2019. Metode pemisahan obyek mangrove dan non mangrove menggunakan klasifikasi terbimbing (supervised), sedangkan untuk pendugaan tingkat kerapatan mangrove menggunakan algoritma Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran hutan mangrove di pesisir pantai Bama, Taman Nasional Baluran dari tahun 2007-2017 mengalami penurunan luasan sebesar 8,9 ha, sedangkan kondisi tingkat kerapatan mangrove mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan dimana perubahan kerapatan mangrove didominasi pada kelas kerapatan rapat. Hasil uji akurasi menggunakan metode matriks kesalahan (confusion matrix) memperoleh overall accuracy sebesar 88%, sedangkan uji akurasi dengan metode kappa diperoleh tingkat akurasi sebesar 87,76%. Nilai akurasi yang dihasilkan menunjukkan tingkat ketelitian yang cukup tinggi (lebih dari 85%) dan telah memenuhi syarat yang ditetapkan.Kata kunci: Mangrove, NDVI, SPOT 4, SPOT 6, Taman Nasional Baluran
Kombinasi rumput laut (Eucheuma cottonii) dan kerang hijau (Perna viridis) sebagai biofilter logam berat timbal (Pb)
Authors: Mayori Dian Viva Aurora , Rahardja Boedi Setya , Suciyono Suciyono , Lutfiyah Lailatul
Published: March 2021

The rapid development of the industry in the coastal region has increased the concentration of heavy metals in waters. Furthermore, efforts to improve water quality in reducing the concentration of these metals are biofilter. The biofilter used in this study was a combination of E. cottonii and P. viridis. The study used Complete Random Design (CRD), with 4 treatments 5 replications. Pb heavy metal content testing uses AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). The results showed that the best treatment was in P2 (p 0.05), with the combination of E. cottonii and P. viridis at 62.50 and 225 g. The effectiveness of Pb heavy metal uptake is influenced by the density of E. cottoni, but inversely proportional to the density of P. viridis. Furthermore, in high stocking densities, E. cottonii is more effective in absorbing heavy metals than P. viridis.Keywords: E. cottonii, P. viridis, Biofilter, lead (Pb) ABSTRAKPesatnya perkembangan industri di wilayah pesisir merupakan salah satu penyebab meningkatnya konsentrasi logam berat dalam perairan. Salah satu upaya dalam perbaikan kualitas air dalam menurunkan konsentrasi logam tersebut adalah dengan biofilter. Biofilter yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu kombinasi E. cottonii dan P. viridis. Penelitian menggunakan Racangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan 4 perlakuan 5 ulangan. Pengujian kandungan logam berat Pb menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada P2 (p 0.05), dengan kombinasi E. cottonii dan P. viridis sebesar 62,50 dan 225 g. Efektifitas penyerapan logam berat Pb dipengaruhi oleh kepadatan E. cottoni, akan tetapi berbanding terbalik dengan kepadatan P. viridis. Selanjutnya, dalam padat tebar yang tinggi, E. cottonii lebih efektif dalam menyerap logam berat dibandingkan P. viridis.Kata kunci: E. cottonii, P. viridis, Biofilter, Timbal (Pb)
Pengaruh laju sedimentasi terhadap tutupan terumbu karang di perairan Kota Daruba, Kabupaten Pulau Morotai
Authors: Koroy Kismanto , Alwi Djainudin , Paraisu Novaldo Geri
Published: March 2021

The coral reef is one of the invertebrate animals that inhabit the marine ecosystem with various aquatic biota. Physical environmental factors including sedimentation, strongly influence coral growth. This study aimed to analyze the percentage of coral cover and the sediment rates in the reclamation area of Daruba City, Morotai Island Regency. This research was carried out in November 2019 using the LIT method to calculate the percentage of coral cover and sediment trap to retrieve sedimentation data. The sediment trap was placed in the bottom waters for 14 days. Stratified filtering was used to separate the sediment, and analytical scales were used to measure dry sediment weight in grams. Sediment sample testing was conducted in the laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Khairun University, Ternate. Measurement data were analyzed to calculate the percentage of coral cover and sediment rate analysis. The analysis showed that the percentage of live coral cover was in the range of 10.8 - 20.52%, this value indicates the condition of coral reefs in the waters of the village of Daruba and the waters of the reclaimed development area of the city of Daruba were in the poor category. Sedimentation rate in the reclamation area of the city of Daruba were 307,34 - 492,27 (g /cm2 /day).Keywords: Cover the reef, The rate of sediment, Morotai ABSTRAKTerumbu karang merupakan salah satu hewan avertebrata yang mendiami ekosistem dengan berbagai biota perairan. Pertumbuhan karang sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor fisik lingkungan, salah satunya adalah sedimen. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis persentase tutupan karang dan menganalisis laju sedimen di area reklamasi kota Daruba Kabupaten Pulau Morotai. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2019 dengan menggunakan metode (LIT) untuk menghitung persentase tutupan karang dan pengambilan data sedimen menggunakan alat sediment trap yang ditempatkan di dasar perairan selama 14 hari. Selanjutnya dilakukan penyaringan bertingkat dan pengukuran berat kering sedimen dalam satuan gram dengan timbangan analitik. Pengujian sampel sedimen dilakukan di laboratorium Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Khairun Ternate. Data pengukuran dianalisis untuk menghitung persentase tutupan karang, dan analisis laju sedimen. Hasil analisis menunjukan persentase tutupan karang hidup berada pada kisaran 10,8 - 20,52%, nilai tersebut menunjukan kondisi terumbu karang di perairan desa Daruba dan area perairan pembangunan reklamasi kota Daruba termasuk dalam kategori buruk. Laju sedimentasi di perairan area reklamasi kota Daruba sebesar 307,34 - 492,27 (g/cm2/hari).Kata kunci: Tutupan karang, Laju sedimen, Morotai
FRONT MATTER
Authors: Matter Front
Published: March 2021

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Accurate feature point detection method exploiting the line structure of the projection pattern for 3D reconstruction
Authors: Ha Minhtuan , Pham Dieuthuy , Xiao Changyan
Published: March 2021

The 3D imaging methods using a grid pattern can satisfy real-time applications since they are fast and accurate in decoding and capable of producing a dense 3D map. However, like the other spatial coding methods, it is difficult to achieve high accuracy as is the case for time multiplexing due to the effects of the inhomogeneity of the scene. To overcome those challenges, this paper proposes a convolutional-neural-network-based method of feature point detection by exploiting the line structure of the grid pattern projected. First, two specific data sets are designed to train the model to individually extract the vertical and horizontal stripes in the image of a deformed pattern. Then the predicted results of trained models with images from the test set are fused in a unique skeleton image for the purpose of detecting feature points. Our experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve higher location accuracy in feature point detection compared with previous ones.
Controlled carrier mean free path for the enhanced efficiency of
III-nitride deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
Authors: Jain Barsha , Velpula Ravi Teja , Patel Moulik , Nguyen Hieu Pham Trung
Published: March 2021

Electron overflow from the active region confines the AlGaN
deep-ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED) performance. This
paper proposes a novel approach to mitigate the electron leakage
problem in AlGaN deep-UV LEDs using concave quantum barrier (QB)
structures. The proposed QBs suppress the electron leakage by
significantly reducing the electron mean free path that improves the
electron capturing capability in the active region. Overall, such an
engineered structure also enhances the hole injection into the active
region, thereby enhancing the radiative recombination in the quantum
wells. As a result, our study shows that the proposed structure
exhibits an optical power of 9.16 mW at

∼

284

n
m

wavelength, which is boosted by

∼

40.5

%

compared to conventional AlGaN UV LED
operating at 60 mA injection current.
Achromatic and athermal design using cost-effective glass selection and aberration-corrected point matching on a glass map
Authors: Ryu Tae-Sik , Park Sung-Chan
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a new method for determining a pair of cost-effective optical materials and powers to achromatize and athermalize a lens system, by introducing the material selection index including price level (MSIP). To obtain a relatively low-cost material effectively, we propose, to the best of our knowledge, a novel glass map including the price levels of the glasses. The materials with a small MSIP were selected on the glass map to correct chromatic aberration and thermal defocus easily, along with providing a cost-effective design. Although there are many material combinations, we can rationally identify the best selection of glasses by checking the MSIP index. Finally, the matching of the aberration-corrected point to an available material by redistributing the optical powers yields a good achromatic and athermal design. Using this aberration-corrected point-matching method, we efficiently obtained an achromatic and athermal system with cost-effective material selection, over the specified temperature and waveband ranges.
Optic-fiber vibration sensor based on a reflected 81° tilted fiber grating integrated with a symmetrical flexible hinge
Authors: Liu Kaijun , Luo Binbin , Zou Xue , Deng Ou , Wang Zhihua , Wu Decao , Zou Xianglong , Fan Junhao , Wu Taojiang , Zhao Mingfu
Published: March 2021

An optic-fiber vibration sensor based on the reflected 81° tilted fiber grating (81° TFG) integrated with a symmetrical flexible hinge is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. The vibration sensor is composed of a symmetrical flexible hinge and a reflected 81° TFG, the ends of which are simply fixed on the upper surface of the mass. The theoretical model of the proposed vibration sensor is analyzed, by which the important parameters related to the resonant frequency of the sensor are simulated and discussed; then, the vibration sensing experiments are conducted. Experiment results show that TE/TM mode of the 81° TFG can provide the maximal acceleration sensitivity of 338.28 and 299.94 mV/g at 400 Hz in the flat area of the amplitude-frequency response (50–400 Hz), which is increased by 9.95 and 11.5 times as compared with the optical fiber cantilever beam structure, respectively. Further, the signal-to-noise ratio in the flat area (50–400 Hz) is about

∼

66.275

d
B

under the acceleration of 2 g, which is increased by

∼

20

d
B

. Furthermore, it can be used for detecting mechanical vibration of medium-high frequency ranging from 50 to 3500 Hz. The proposed 81° TFG vibration sensor has the characteristics of small volume, simple package, high acceleration sensitivity, and wide vibration signal response range, which will ensure it has broad application prospects in the field of mechanical vibration.
MARK2 phosphorylates eIF2α in response to proteotoxic stress
Authors: Lu Yu-Ning , Kavianpour Sarah , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xumei , Nguyen Dao , Thombre Ravi , He Lu , Wang Jiou
Published: March 2021

The regulation of protein synthesis is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, especially during stress responses, and its dysregulation could underlie the development of human diseases. The critical step during translation regulation is the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α). Here we report the identification of a direct kinase of eIF2α, microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2 (MARK2), which phosphorylates eIF2α in response to proteotoxic stress. The activity of MARK2 was confirmed in the cells lacking the 4 previously known eIF2α kinases. MARK2 itself was found to be a substrate of protein kinase C delta (PKCδ), which serves as a sensor for protein misfolding stress through a dynamic interaction with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Both MARK2 and PKCδ are activated via phosphorylation in proteotoxicity-associated neurodegenerative mouse models and in human patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These results reveal a PKCδ-MARK2-eIF2α cascade that may play a critical role in cellular proteotoxic stress responses and human diseases.
Intraspecific diversity loss in a predator species alters prey community structure and ecosystem functions
Authors: Raffard Allan , Cucherousset Julien , Montoya José M. , Richard Murielle , Acoca-Pidolle Samson , Poésy Camille , Garreau Alexandre , Santoul Frédéric , Blanchet Simon
Published: March 2021

Loss in intraspecific diversity can alter ecosystem functions, but the underlying mechanisms are still elusive, and intraspecific biodiversity–ecosystem function (iBEF) relationships have been restrained to primary producers. Here, we manipulated genetic and functional richness of a fish consumer (Phoxinus phoxinus) to test whether iBEF relationships exist in consumer species and whether they are more likely sustained by genetic or functional richness. We found that both genotypic and functional richness affected ecosystem functioning, either independently or interactively. Loss in genotypic richness reduced benthic invertebrate diversity consistently across functional richness treatments, whereas it reduced zooplankton diversity only when functional richness was high. Finally, losses in genotypic and functional richness altered functions (decomposition) through trophic cascades. We concluded that iBEF relationships lead to substantial top-down effects on entire food chains. The loss of genotypic richness impacted ecological properties as much as the loss of functional richness, probably because it sustains “cryptic” functional diversity.
Anti-Leptospira immunoglobulin profiling in mice reveals strain specific IgG and persistent IgM responses associated with virulence and renal colonization
Authors: Vernel-Pauillac Frédérique , Murray Gerald L. , Adler Ben , Boneca Ivo G. , Werts Catherine
Published: March 2021

Leptospira interrogans is a pathogenic spirochete responsible for leptospirosis, a neglected, zoonotic reemerging disease. Humans are sensitive hosts and may develop severe disease. Some animal species, such as rats and mice can become asymptomatic renal carriers. More than 350 leptospiral serovars have been identified, classified on the basis of the antibody response directed against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Similarly to whole inactivated bacteria used as human vaccines, this response is believed to confer only short-term, serogroup-specific protection. The immune response of hosts against leptospires has not been thoroughly studied, which complicates the testing of vaccine candidates. In this work, we studied the immunoglobulin (Ig) profiles in mice infected with L. interrogans over time to determine whether this humoral response confers long-term protection after homologous challenge six months post-infection. Groups of mice were injected intraperitoneally with 2×107 leptospires of one of three pathogenic serovars (Manilae, Copenhageni or Icterohaemorrhagiae), attenuated mutants or heat-killed bacteria. Leptospira-specific immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, IgG and 4 subclasses) produced in the first weeks up to 6 months post-infection were measured by ELISA. Strikingly, we found sustained high levels of IgM in mice infected with the pathogenic Manilae and Copenhageni strains, both colonizing the kidney. In contrast, the Icterohaemorrhagiae strain did not lead to kidney colonization, even at high dose, and triggered a classical IgM response that peaked at day 8 post-infection and disappeared. The virulent Manilae and Copenhageni serovars elicited high levels and similar profiles of IgG subclasses in contrast to Icterohaemorrhagiae strains that stimulated weaker antibody responses. Inactivated heat-killed Manilae strains elicited very low responses. However, all mice pre-injected with leptospires challenged with high doses of homologous bacteria did not develop acute leptospirosis, and all antibody responses were boosted after challenge. Furthermore, we showed that 2 months post-challenge, mice pre-infected with the attenuated M895 Manilae LPS mutant or heat-killed bacterin were completely protected against renal colonization. In conclusion, we observed a sustained IgM response potentially associated with chronic leptospiral renal infection. We also demonstrated in mice different profiles of protective and cross-reactive antibodies after L. interrogans infection, depending on the serovar and virulence of strains.