bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La responsabilidad civil derivada de ilícito penal respecto de los padres, tutores y demás guardadores por hechos cometidos por menores. La perspectiva de la LORPM
Authors: Rodríguez López Pedro
Published: August 2023

La responsabilidad civil derivada de un ilícito penal cometido por un menor es una cuestión complicada, que se ha visto afectada de forma muy importante por la aprobación de la Ley Orgánica reguladora de la Responsabilidad Penal de los Menores (LORPM).
Consecuencia de esta nueva situación y de los problemas de integración que existen entre la responsabilidad civil en general y la responsabilidad civil derivada de un ilícito penal que, por otra parte, siempre es responsabilidad civil, surge este artículo que pretende, entre otras cosas, explicar de forma clara en qué posición quedan los responsables primeros de los menores, esto es, los padres, los tutores y los demás guardadores.
Es importante tener presente que el artículo 61.3 de la LORPM establece un orden de responsabilidad según el cual los padres, tanto los naturales como los adoptivos, responden en primer lugar, luego los tutores, en tercer lugar se cita a los acogedores y finalmente a los guardadores legales o de hecho. Esto, que tiene una incidencia real en el esquema de responsabilidad, porque parecería que sólo en caso de no existir padres podría acudirse al resto, no debe ni puede entenderse de esta forma, tal como se desprende del texto que ahora reproducimos.
El aumento del capital social en las sociedades anónimas
Authors: Bardají Muñoz Luis
Published: August 2023

Continuamos con este artículo el trabajo iniciado en el número 58 de la Revista, dedicado a las modificaciones de los estatutos de las sociedades anónimas.
Analizados en los artículos anteriores los cambios de denominación, domicilio y objeto, nos adentramos en éste en la modificación estatutaria consistente en el aumento del capital social.
Dividiremos el desarrollo del estudio en dos artículos: en éste analizaremos, sucesivamente, los procedimientos de aumento de capital y los requisitos comunes a todos ellos; para ocuparnos, en el próximo trabajo, del análisis particular de cada una de las clases de aumento de capital en función de la naturaleza de la contraprestación.
La cláusula arbitral en cadena
Authors: Grauer Rodoy Asaf
Published: August 2023

Estudio de los aspectos estructurales y de validez de las cláusulas arbitrales en cadena como recurso para el fomento de la arbitralidad de los derechos.
Imposibilidad de separación y derecho al contravalor en el concurso
Authors: Arias Varona Francisco Javier
Published: August 2023

Este trabajo ha sido seleccionado y ha obtenido el 1.er Premio Estudios Financieros 2006 en la Modalidad de DERECHO CIVIL Y MERCANTIL.
El procedimiento concursal, por sus propias características, sólo puede incorporar lo que es del deudor, por lo que todo aquello que no le pertenece, ha de retirarse de la masa a través de las acciones de separación. A veces, lo que se pretende no puede restituirse porque ya no está en la masa y no es posible recuperarlo. Así, por ejemplo, si un bien fue vendido a un tercero que ha adquirido un posición inatacable. En tales casos, debe decidirse si el sujeto perjudicado tiene algún derecho sobre el posible contravalor derivado del acto que ocasionó la pérdida de su derecho (típicamente, el precio comprometido o pagado). El trabajo pretende ofrecer pautas de solución para estos supuestos, tanto para los resueltos en el artículo 81 de la Ley Concursal (LC), como para aquellos que no tienen una respuesta legislativa expresa.
Limitación y delimitación del derecho de propiedad en el ámbito urbanístico: la respuesta alemana y francesa y su posible interés para el caso español
Authors: Menéndez Sebastián Eva María
Published: August 2023

Este trabajo ha sido seleccionado y ha obtenido el 1.er Premio Estudios Financieros 2006 en la Modalidad de DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO.
Partiendo del concepto del derecho de propiedad y de su función social ofrecido por el Tribunal Constitucional (TC), las restricciones de usos o disposición que la delimitación de este derecho puede conllevar por responder a su función social forman parte misma de este derecho y por ello no son indemnizables. No obstante, existen supuestos en los que diversas leyes introducen excepciones a este principio permitiendo cierta compensación, es el caso de la Ley del Suelo. Ante ello se trata en este trabajo de buscar una figura que dé cobertura jurídica a estos supuestos y para ello se analizan otros sistemas donde también se plantea el problema. En el caso francés su interés queda confirmado, no sólo porque en cuanto al derecho de propiedad nuestras normas decimonónicas siguieron el ejemplo de la Declaración del Hombre y del Ciudadano de 1789, sino también por ofrecer una solución concreta a esta excepción contenida en el artículo L.160-5 de su Código de urbanismo, aunque como se verá, distinta a la española por cuanto nuestro país a la hora de regular y configurar el actual de propiedad en el artículo 33 de la Constitución Española (CE) ha tomado ejemplo del artículo 14 de la Ley Fundamental de Bonn, siendo por ello conveniente acudir al modelo alemán para hallar respuesta a las dudas derivadas precisamente como consecuencia de esa configuración del derecho de propiedad, así como porque los supuestos indemnizatorios en urbanismo (§§ 39 a 44 Baugesetzbuch) han inspirado igualmente los previstos en los artículos 41 a 44 de la Ley del Suelo española.
Derecho europeo de la competencia y el ejercicio de los derechos de propiedad industrial
Authors: Pablo-Romero Gil-Delgado M.ª Concepción
Published: August 2023

Este trabajo ha obtenido el 2.º Premio Estudios Financieros 2006 en la Modalidad de DERECHO CIVIL Y MERCANTIL.
Los derechos de propiedad confieren al titular un derecho de exclusiva para poder utilizar y transmitir los objetos protegidos por ellos lo que supone una limitación a la libre competencia, ya que sólo el titular podrá fabricarlos, venderlos, bien directamente o mediante terceros. Los derechos de exclusiva se rigen por el derecho nacional. Una vez que los productos han sido puestos en el mercado el titular ya no podrá impedir su circulación y cualquier persona puede adquirirlos y disponer de ellos, por lo que pueden circular libremente. Una vez puestos en el mercado europeo los objetos protegidos por la exclusiva sólo pueden ser transmitidos por el titular o con su consentimiento, se ha producido lo que se denomina el agotamiento del derecho. El agotamiento del derecho se aplica a todos los derechos de propiedad industrial: patentes y modelos de utilidad, marcas, diseños y modelos industriales, derechos de autor o know-how. Pero muchas veces los derechos de propiedad industrial no se explotan directamente sino mediante licencias concedidas a terceros. A partir de ese momento sólo el licenciatario puede explotar esos objetos. Si las licencias otorgadas contienen restricciones para los licenciatarios estará infringiéndose el artículo 81 del Tratado de la Comunidad Europea (TCE). El otorgamiento de licencias que contengan restricciones cae bajo la prohibición del artículo 81 del TCE pero el Reglamento 772/2004 confiere una exención a su aplicación siempre y cuando las restricciones impuestas no sean especialmente graves.
Karanlık Üçlü Kişilik Özelliklerine Alternatif Pozitif Bir Bakış: Aydınlık Üçlü Kişilik Özellikleri
Authors: DURSUN Asiye
Published: August 2023

Son yıllarda psikoloji çalışmalarında, kişiliğin olumsuz olarak tanımlanan ve istenmeyen karanlık taraflarını ifade eden narsisizm, psikopati ve makyevelizm alt boyutlarından oluşan “Karanlık üçlü” kavramı dikkat çekmektedir. Karanlık Üçlü kişilik özellikleri ile ilgili çalışmalara sıklıkla odaklanılması insan doğasının pozitif özelliklerinin arka planda kalma riskini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu noktada araştırmacılar pozitif bir bakış açısı ile kişiliğin olumlu yanlarını vurgulayan ve Kantçılık, hümanizm (insancıllık) ve insanlığa inanç olmak üzere üç özellikten oluşan “Aydınlık üçlü” kavramını ortaya koymuştur. Araştırmalar, aydınlık üçlü kavramının pozitif psikoloji kavramları ile de pozitif yönde ilişkileri olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Bununla birlikte kavramla ilgili yeterli çalışma olmadığı düşünülmektedir. Bu açıklamalar ışığında makalenin amacı, aydınlık üçlü kavramını sunan alanyazını değerlendirmek ve bütüncül bir bakış açısı sunmaktır. Bu bağlamda makalede aydınlık üçlü kavramı, aydınlık üçlüyü oluşturan özellikler, aydınlık üçlü için geliştirilen psikolojik ölçme araçları, aydınlık üçlü ile ilgili yapılan araştırmalar yer almaktadır.
ANALISA PEMELIHARAAN INFANT WARMER DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM SARAH MEDAN
Authors: Afdillah M. Wahid , Ridha Dzia Ur
Published: August 2023

Infant warmer is one of the live support and saving tools that is used to provide comfort and warmth to newborns, where the baby needs a temperature that is in accordance with the temperature in the mother's womb, which is between 34 °C - 37 °C. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the maintenance of the Infant Warmer at Sarah General Hospital Medan. This research was conducted at Sarah General Hospital Medan Jl. Baja Raya No.10, Kec. Medan Baru by distributing questionnaires containing questions/statements. The type of research used is a descriptive method which was carried out from January 2018. The results obtained from the respondents, from 22 questionnaires there were 21 questionnaires answered Yes and 1 questionnaire answered No. It was concluded that the implementation of the maintenance of the Infant Warmer at Sarah Medan General Hospital was running properly, and was declared good.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM LIFE TIME PROSES PENYINARAN PADA ALAT TERAPI INFRA MERAH
Authors: Waoma Aldrin , Yulizham Yulizham
Published: August 2023

The current Infrared therapy device is still operated manually and there is no data on the length of the system's irradiation time. Lack of manufacturer's Infrared devices when used by physiotherapists do not know the exact time produced by Infrared light. This can pose a risk of neglect in monitoring the length of time the patient is exposed to the radiation. To overcome these problems, an infrared therapy device is designed which is equipped with a timer / timer system based on the ATMega8535 microcontroller. With this timing / timer system, we can find out the age of the infrared lamp (life time) according to the amount of usage needed so that the lamp replacement can be estimated according to the total usage of the IR lamp. With this system, on the other hand it is very useful for physiotherapy operators where physiotherapy operators can find out the time of use / irradiation of Infrared therapy devices to patients. So it can help patients who need infrared therapy without fear of side effects due to time that is not in accordance with the required therapy process.
RANCANG BANGUN SENSOR WATER LEVEL K-0135 PADA ALAT SUCTION PUMP
Authors: Wardana Chandra , Sijabat Salomo , Abdillah Khairil , Dabukke Hotromasari
Published: August 2023

Suction pump is an electromedical device that is used manually with the help of the user which functions to suck fluids that are not needed by the body. Then the liquid that is not needed is accommodated in a container. Suction is often damaged due to the presence of mucus or liquid that enters the motor rotation. So from the above problems, the author made a Suction Pump Modification equipped with a K-0135 Water Level Sensor. This sensor will also read the liquid that enters the tube with Minimum and Maximum level readings (Low, Middle and Full). The sensor on this tube is very necessary to make it easier for the user to know the liquid is almost full. This research will be conducted in the Sari Mutiara University lab. The type of research method is experimental research, namely conducting direct experiments on the designed tools.The measurement results from the K0135 Water Level Sensor are displayed on the LCD, with measurements of Low, Middle and Full level points.
ANALISIS UJI KESELAMATAN LISTRIK DAN KALIBRASI CENTRIFUGE
Authors: Rizka Hidayah , Yulizham  , Abdillah Khairil , Ulina Sri
Published: August 2023

Health equipment is a supporting tool for medical service facilities. Room temperature is also very important in the placement of medical devices so that there are no errors in reading the equipment or damage to medical devices can occur. Calibration is an activity to determine the conventional truth of the value of the indication of measuring instruments and measuring materials by comparing them to traceable measuring standards to national and international standards for units of measure and/or international and certified reference materials. The method used in conducting electrical safety test analysis and calibration on the centrifuge is ECRI, IEC 60601-2.
The results of environmental measurements at temperature and humidity meet the requirements with a measured room temperature of 23°C and room humidity of 57.1%, the results of the electrical safety test measurement are declared safe and measured. Protective earth resistance is 0.432mΩ, equipment leakage current is 0.1µA and insulation resistance is 11.1MΩ , the results of the rotational speed accuracy measurement meet the tolerance limits of each value, for setting 2000RPM, 2500RPM, 3000RPM, 3500RPM, 4000RPM there is a deviation of 14.8 with an uncertainty value of 7.0 RPM, the results of the time accuracy measurement meet the tolerance limit with a setting value of 5 minutes (300 seconds) there is a deviation of 1.6 seconds with an uncertainty value of 2.55 seconds, for a full automatic Centrifuge with type HC-16D with Serial No. 2H01018 declared fit for use because it meets the tolerance limit.
PROCESSING OF SAWDOW WASTE OF MAHONI AND JATI WOOD AS A MATERIAL GYPSUM CEILING FILLERS WITH POLIVINYL ADHESIVE ALCOHOL
Authors: Zai Liver , Halawa Estetika Niat Iman , Tarigan Malemta , Gultom Erdiana , Purwandari Vivi , Jiamin Ong Amanda
Published: August 2023

Along with the increase in population, the need for building materials, namely wood, will increase, thus triggering rampant illegal logging, which will cause floods, landslides, and global warming. One of the efforts made to reduce the use of wood is to make gypsum composite boards. This study aims to utilize mahogany wood waste and jati wood powder as gypsum board fillers. Research has been carried out on processing waste sawdust from mahogany and jati wood as a filling material for making gypsum ceilings with polyvinyl alcohol adhesive by mixing and compacting using a hot compressor at 70o C. Good quality with a density value of 0.82 g /cm3 and absorption capacity of 38.4% complied with SNI 03-2105-2006. Mechanical properties with variations in impact strength (95:5:10) of 19.014 J/m2, flexural strength of variation (95:5) of 395, 446 N/m2, and fracture strength of variation (95:5:5) of 1.7758 N/m2. A Gypsum board was obtained, which did not meet SNI 03-6384-2000 on the gypsum board specification for the results of testing for flexural strength and fracture strength.
Development Prospects: An Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges of Sri Lanka
Authors:   Asia Social Science Academy, Silva Jayawardena
Published: August 2023

This paper analyzes the development prospects of a country and identifies the opportunities and challenges that it faces in achieving sustainable economic growth. Specifically, this research focuses on the economic development prospects of Sri Lanka and examines the country's strengths and potential growth areas. Through a comprehensive analysis of Sri Lanka's economic history and current state, this paper identifies the key opportunities and challenges to Sri Lanka's economic development, including the tourism industry, agriculture, and manufacturing. The paper also discusses policy measures and initiatives that can support economic development in these areas. Finally, the paper concludes with a summary of key findings and implications for Sri Lanka's economic development prospects.
Analysis of Integrating the Yan'an Spirit into University Education in China's New Era
Authors:   Asia Social Science Academy, Hou Tianzuo , Zheng Xueyin
Published: August 2023

The Yan'an Spirit is a unique ideological and cultural phenomenon that emerged during the period of China's War of Resistance against Japan. It represents the experience summary and theoretical innovation of the Chinese nation in the Yan'an area. The Yan'an Spirit is an important part of China's spiritual heritage with rich connotations. It not only enabled the Chinese nation to defeat the Japanese invaders in conjunction with the international community during World War II, but also helped to establish a more confident national identity, providing great impetus for China's modernization. Today, university education in China has the mission of cultivating students. Integrating the Yan'an Spirit into university education can help college students strengthen their ideals and beliefs, and persist in seeking truth from facts. Therefore, in the new era, it is necessary to combine the characteristics of China's university education with the actual situation of universities' own development, and continually explore innovative paths to integrate the Yan'an Spirit into university education in China.
Innovation of Development Model for Health-Preserving Tourism in Yunnan Province, China
Authors:   Asia Social Science Academy, Fang Jie
Published: August 2023

The development of health-preserving tourism has become a new trend in the tourism industry, and it has played an important role in promoting social and economic development. Yunnan Province, located in southwestern China, has abundant tourism resources and a long history of traditional medicine and health preservation practices. In recent years, Yunnan Province has made significant efforts to develop health-preserving tourism, and it has achieved remarkable results. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed, such as the lack of innovation in the development model and the need for better integration of traditional medicine and modern medical practices. This paper aims to explore the innovation of the development model for health-preserving tourism in Yunnan Province. The innovative development model for health-preserving tourism in Yunnan Province should focus on three key areas: product development, marketing, and supporting services. In terms of product development, Yunnan Province should focus on the integration of traditional medicine and modern medical practices to develop new health-preserving tourism products that meet the needs of different tourists. In terms of marketing, Yunnan Province should strengthen its brand image and develop targeted marketing strategies to attract different types of tourists. In terms of supporting services, Yunnan Province should improve the quality of tourism services and infrastructure, such as transportation, accommodation, and medical facilities. The innovation of the development model for health-preserving tourism in Yunnan Province has significant implications for the tourism industry and the local economy. The findings of this study provide insights for policymakers, industry practitioners, and researchers to promote the sustainable development of health-preserving tourism in Yunnan Province and other regions.
Danimarka’da Ebelik ve Ebelik Eğitimi
Authors: GÖNCÜ SERHATLIOĞLU Seda
Published: August 2023

Kuzey Avrupa ülkelerinden biri olan Danimarka ebelerin çok güçlü olduğu ve bağımsız çalışabildikleri küçük bir ülkedir. Danimarka sağlık sisteminde doktorlar sadece endikasyon söz konusuysa gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonu döneme dahil edilirler. Eğer endikasyon söz konusu değilse, gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonu dönem ebelerin sorumluluğundadır. Ülkede ebelere ve ebelik uygulamalarına belirgin şekilde saygı gösterilir. Ebelik hizmetlerinin kapsamı içerisinde aile planlaması, doğum öncesi hazırlık sınıfları, ultrason taraması, bazı ilaçların reçete edilmesi, sigara bırakma müdahale kursları, özel gruplara yönelik destek ve bakım, riskli gebeliklerde hastane ya da evde izlem ve bakım sayılabilir. Danimarka’da ebelik eğitiminden üniversiteler sorumludur. Lisans eğitimi, lise sonrası doğrudan girişin olduğu 3,5 yıl süren, 14 modüllük, toplam 210 ECTS’lik bir eğitimdir. Eğitim %50 teorik ve %50 uygulama olarak yürütülmektedir. Eğitimin son modülü bitirme projesi (20 ECTS) olarak geçmektedir ve hem yazılı hem de sözlü sınavla değerlendirilir. Eğitimde hastanelerin ve üniversitelerin simülasyon merkezleri ve beceri laboratuvarları aktif olarak kullanılır. Ülkede ebelik eğitiminde master ve doktora yapma imkanı vardır. Master azami 9 ay, doktora azami 3,5 yıl sürmektedir. Bu derleme makalede, Danimarka’da ebelik ve ebelik eğitimi hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir.
CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS NA INSTITUIÇÃO DE LONGA PERMANÊNCIA PARA IDOSOS DE BELO HORIZONTE: PROJETO PALLIUM AMOR
Authors: Sacioto Manuela Furtado , Silva Bruno Gonçalves da , Valadares Gabrielle Martins Moreira , Oliveira Júlia Figueiredo , Handeri Alycia Madureira , Marques Luiza Margoto , Zavaglia Laura Caldeira , Jesus Vitória Eduarda Alves de
Published: August 2023

Introdução: O desconhecimento sobre cuidados paliativos (CP) e o preconceito pelo tema ainda tem grande relevância no Brasil, mesmo entre os profissionais de saúde. Entre os fatores que justificam essa realidade destaca-se a deficiência na capacitação continuada dos profissionais de saúde sobre o tema. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o nível de conhecimento sobre CP de funcionários da saúde de uma instituição de longa permanência (ILPI) em Belo Horizonte. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. O local é um residencial sênior que promove cuidado continuado de idosos, foram entrevistados 22 funcionários seguindo o roteiro Bonn Palliative Care Knowledge. Resultados: A média de acerto nas perguntas foi de 47%. As perguntas de número 5, 15 e 13 foram as com a maior taxa de acerto. Já as perguntas de número 6, 17 e 4 foram com a maior taxa de erro. Discussão: Embora seja possível observar a expansão dos cuidados paliativos como prática terapêutica, há ainda, um grande déficit relacionado a essa forma de abordagem. Os  países em desenvolvimento terem uma menor disponibilidade de hospices e serviços de cuidados paliativos, assim como acesso inadequado à medicações para a gestão da dor. Conclusão: Detectou-se a necessidade de aprimorar o conhecimento sobre cuidados paliativos no local. Dessa forma será possível promover ações para otimizar o cuidado a partir de educação permanente mais focada nas necessidades teórico-práticas vivenciadas.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL E SAÚDE DO SISTEMA IMUNOLÓGICO
Authors: Souza Daniel da Silva , Barbosa Beatriz Véras , Ferreira Isabela Nicolato , Carneiro Ellis Neide Alves , Costa Ana Carolina Messias de Souza Ferreira da , Barreto Luís Fernando Simões , Romeiro Edenilze Teles , Grossi Maria Luzia Font Juliá , Martins Anna Elizabeth , Bassan Manuela Martins
Published: August 2023

A microbiota intestinal desempenha um papel essencial na modulação e regulação do sistema imunológico, influenciando profundamente a saúde humana. Esta revisão aborda a complexa interação entre a microbiota intestinal e o sistema imunológico, explorando como a composição microbiana do intestino desempenha um papel crucial na educação e no desenvolvimento das respostas imunológicas. Discutimos como a microbiota influencia tanto a imunidade inata quanto a adaptativa, destacando os mecanismos pelos quais as bactérias intestinais impactam a produção de citocinas, a diferenciação de células T e B, e a regulação de células imunes regulatórias. Além disso, examinamos o papel da microbiota na manutenção do equilíbrio entre resposta imunológica pró-inflamatória e anti-inflamatória, essencial para prevenir doenças autoimunes e inflamatórias. Discutimos como distúrbios na microbiota, como a disbiose, podem desencadear respostas imunológicas desreguladas, levando a doenças imunológicas crônicas. Exploramos ainda os avanços recentes na compreensão dos mecanismos de interação entre a microbiota e o sistema imunológico, bem como o potencial terapêutico dessas descobertas. Compreender a relação intricada entre a microbiota intestinal e a saúde do sistema imunológico oferece novas perspectivas para o tratamento de doenças autoimunes, inflamatórias e imunológicas. A capacidade de modular a microbiota para restaurar o equilíbrio imunológico e desenvolver terapias personalizadas representa uma área empolgante de pesquisa que pode revolucionar a medicina e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Este artigo destaca a importância da interdisciplinaridade na pesquisa biomédica e lança luz sobre o papel crucial da microbiota na promoção da saúde imunológica.
Sensitivity of northeastern US surface ozone predictions to the representation of atmospheric chemistry in the Community Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Multiphase Mechanism (CRACMMv1.0)
Authors: Place Bryan K. , Hutzell William T. , Appel K. Wyat , Farrell Sara , Valin Lukas , Murphy Benjamin N. , Seltzer Karl M. , Sarwar Golam , Allen Christine , Piletic Ivan R. , D'Ambro Emma L. , Saunders Emily , Simon Heather , Torres-Vasquez Ana , Pleim Jonathan , Schwantes Rebecca H. , Coggon Matthew M. , Xu Lu , Stockwell William R. , Pye Havala O. T.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Chemical mechanisms describe how emissions of gases and particles evolve in
the atmosphere and are used within chemical transport models to evaluate
past, current, and future air quality. Thus, a chemical mechanism must
provide robust and accurate predictions of air pollutants if it is to be
considered for use by regulatory bodies. In this work, we provide an initial
evaluation of the Community Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Multiphase
Mechanism (CRACMMv1.0) by assessing CRACMMv1.0 predictions of surface ozone
(O3) across the northeastern US during the summer of 2018 within the
Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. CRACMMv1.0 O3
predictions of hourly and maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) ozone were
lower than those estimated by the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism with aerosol module 6
(RACM2_ae6), which better matched surface network
observations in the northeastern US (RACM2_ae6 mean bias of
+4.2 ppb for all hours and +4.3 ppb for MDA8; CRACMMv1.0 mean bias of
+2.1 ppb for all hours and +2.7 ppb for MDA8). Box model calculations
combined with results from CMAQ emission reduction simulations indicated
a high sensitivity of O3 to compounds with biogenic sources. In addition,
these calculations indicated the differences between CRACMMv1.0 and
RACM2_ae6 O3 predictions were largely explained by
updates to the inorganic rate constants (reflecting the latest assessment
values) and by updates to the representation of monoterpene chemistry.
Updates to other reactive organic carbon systems between
RACM2_ae6 and CRACMMv1.0 also affected ozone predictions and
their sensitivity to emissions. Specifically, CRACMMv1.0 benzene, toluene,
and xylene chemistry led to efficient NOx cycling such that CRACMMv1.0 predicted controlling aromatics reduces ozone without rural O3
disbenefits. In contrast, semivolatile and intermediate-volatility alkanes
introduced in CRACMMv1.0 acted to suppress O3 formation across the
regional background through the sequestration of nitrogen oxides (NOx)
in organic nitrates. Overall, these analyses showed that the CRACMMv1.0 mechanism within the CMAQ model was able to reasonably simulate ozone
concentrations in the northeastern US during the summer of 2018 with similar
magnitude and diurnal variation as the current operational Carbon Bond
(CB6r3_ae7) mechanism and good model performance compared to recent
modeling studies in the literature.
Evaluation of a Partector Pro for atmospheric size distribution and number concentration measurements at an urban background site
Authors: Asbach Christof , Todea Ana Maria , Kaminski Heinz
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Number size distributions, total number concentrations and mean particle sizes have been measured for 70 days at an urban background site in Mülheim-Styrum, Germany with a handheld Partector Pro and a TSI mobility particle size spectrometer (MPSS). The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of the Partecor Pro against the MPSS. The results show that the size distributions, measured with the Partector Pro agree with the MPSS mostly within ±25 % for particle sizes below 113.5 nm, whereas higher, systematic differences were observed for larger particles. The measurement accuracy was shown to be dependent on the geometric mean diameter and the geometric standard deviation of the aerosol. Best results were found for the most abundant size distributions with geometric mean particle diameters ≥30 nm and geometric standard deviations larger than 1.8. The total number concentration, measured by the Partector Pro was found to be in excellent agreement with the MPSS with a slope of the linear fit of 0.9977 and a regression coefficient of R2 = 0.9956. The agreement of the geometric mean particle diameter, determined with the Partector Pro and the MPSS was good, but moderately dependent on the particle size distribution. For mean particle sizes between 20 nm and 50 nm, the bias was within ±15 %. Higher deviations of up to 30 % were observed when the geometric mean particle sizes exceeded 70 nm and when the geometric standard deviations exceeded approximately 2.7.
Zooplankton as the primary diet for cold-water scleractinian corals (CWCs): implications for the CWC marine N cycle proxy and trophic ecology
Authors: Mottram Josie , Gothmann Anne , Prokopenko Maria , Cordova Austin , Rollinson Veronica , Dobkowski Katie , Granger Julie
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The nitrogen (N) isotope composition (δ15N) of cold-water corals is a promising proxy for reconstructing past ocean N cycling, as a strong correlation was found between the δ15N of the organic nitrogen preserved in coral skeletons and the δ15N of sinking particulate organic matter exported from the surface ocean. However, a large offset of 8–9 ‰ between the δ15N recorded by the coral and that of export remains unexplained. The 8–9 ‰ offset may signal a potential sensitivity of the proxy to food web structure, an unusual large trophic isotope effect or a biosynthetic δ15N offset between the coral’s soft tissue and skeletal tissues, or some combinations of these factors. To understand the origin of the offset and further validate the proxy, we investigated the trophic ecology of the scleractinan cold water coral Balanophyllia elegans. A long-term incubation experiment of B. elegans fed on an isotopically controlled diet yielded a canonical trophic isotope effect of 3.0 ± 0.1 ‰ between coral soft tissue and the Artemia prey. The trophic isotope effect was not detectably influenced by sustained food limitation. A long N turnover of coral soft tissue of 291 ± 15 days in the well-fed incubations indicates that the coral skeleton is not apt to record seasonal difference in diet δ15N. Specimens of B. elegans from the shallow subtidal zone near San Juan Channel (WA, USA) revealed a modest difference between soft and skeletal tissue δ15N of 1.2 ± 0.6 ‰. The δ15N of the coral soft tissue was 12.0 ± 0.6 ‰, which was ~6 ‰ higher than that of suspended organic material that was comprised dominantly of phytoplankton – suggesting that the latter is not the primary component of B. elegans’ diet. An analysis of size-fractionated net tow material suggests that B. elegans fed predominantly on a size class of zooplankton ≥ 500 µm, implicating a two-level trophic transfer between phytoplankton material and coral tissue. These results portend a sensitivity of cold-water coral δ15N to regional food web structure that must be heeded in paleoceanographic studies of ocean N cycling.
Subglacial hydrology from high-resolution ice-flow simulations of the Rhine Glacier during the Last Glacial Maximum: a proxy for glacial erosion
Authors: Cohen Denis , Jouvet Guillaume , Zwinger Thomas , Landgraf Angela , Fischer Urs H.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. At the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the Rhine Glacier complex (Rhine and Linth glaciers) formed large piedmont lobes extending north into the Swiss and German Alpine forelands. Numerous overdeepened valleys there were formed by repeated glaciations. A characteristic of these overdeepened valleys is their location close to the LGM ice margin, away from the Alps. Numerical models of ice flow of the Rhine Glacier indicate a poor fit between the sliding distance, a proxy for glacial erosion, and the location of these overdeepenings. Calculations of the hydraulic potential based on the computed time-dependent ice surface elevations of the Rhine Glacier lobe obtained from a high-resolution thermo-mechanically coupled Stokes flow model are used to estimate the location of subglacial water drainage routes. Results indicate that the subglacial water discharge is high and focused along glacial valleys and overdeepenings when water pressure is equal to the ice overburden pressure. These conditions are necessary for subglacial water to remove basal sediments, expose fresh bedrock, and favor further erosion by quarrying and abrasion. Knowledge of the location of paleo-subglacial water drainage routes may be useful to understand patterns of subglacial erosion beneath paleo-ice masses that do not otherwise relate to the sliding of ice. Comparison of the erosion pattern from subglacial meltwater with those from quarrying and abrasion shows the importance of subglacial water flow in the formation of distal overdeepenings in the Swiss lowlands.
Water Vapor Measurements inside clouds and storms using a Differential Absorption Radar
Authors: Millan Luis F. , Lebsock Matthew D. , Cooper Ken B. , Siles Jose V. , Dengler Robert , Rodriguez Monje Raquel , Nehrir Amin , Barton-Grimley Rory A. , Collins James E. , Robinson Claire E. , Thornhill Kenneth L. , Vömel Holger
Published: August 2023

Abstract. NASA’s Vapor In-cloud Profiling Radar (VIPR) is a tunable G-band radar designed for in-cloud and precipitation humidity remote sensing. VIPR estimates humidity using the differential absorption radar (DAR) technique. This technique exploits the difference between atmospheric attenuation at different frequencies (“on” and “off” an absorption line) and combines it with the ranging capabilities of the radar to estimate the absorbing gas concentration along the radar path. We analyze the VIPR humidity measurements during two NASA field campaigns: (1) the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) campaign, with the objective of studying wintertime snowstorms focusing on East Coast cyclones; and (2) the Synergies Of Active optical and Active microwave Remote Sensing Experiment (SOA2RSE) campaign which studied the synergy between DAR (VIPR) and differential absorption lidar (DIAL, the High altitude Lidar Observatory – HALO) measurements. We discuss a comparison with dropsondes launched during these campaigns as well as an intercomparison against the ERA5 reanalysis fields. Thus, this study serves as an additional evaluation of ERA5 lower tropospheric humidity fields. In addition, we show a smooth transition in water vapor profiles between the in-cloud and clear-sky measurements obtained from VIPR and HALO respectively, which highlights the complementary nature of these two measurement techniques for future airborne and space-based missions.
Satellite-based Tracking of Reservoir Operations for Flood Management during the 2018 Extreme Weather Event in Kerala, India
Authors: Suresh Sarath , Hossain Faisal , Minocha Sanchit , Das Pritam , Khan Shahzaib , Lee Hyongki , Andreadis Konstantinos , Oddo Perry
Published: August 2023

Abstract. In parts of the world characterised by high precipitation and steep topography, hydroelectric dams often play the dual role of power generation and flood control. Improper and uncoordinated management of such dams during extreme and unexpected precipitation events can have disastrous consequences. As such, there exists a growing need for a reliable, transparent, and publicly available reservoir assessment and information system that can help water managers better prepare for such natural events. A fully satellite sensor-based framework offers a potentially viable approach towards this goal. The Reservoir Assessment Tool (RAT 3.0), which utilises high frequency remote sensing-based surface area and reservoir storage estimation alongside hydrological modelled inflow is tested and analysed for the 2018 Kerala floods in India. The effectiveness of RAT 3.0 was gauged by considering how well a fully satellite sensor-based framework was able to capture the rapidly evolving dynamics of the flood and reservoir state. Application of RAT 3.0 in monitoring the state of 19 reservoirs in Kerala during the flood event showed very promising results. In general, RAT 3.0 was found to be able to capture the temporal trend of the reservoir storage and pinpoint the sudden shift in filling or release decisions made by the dam operator. This translated to reliable updating of downstream flood risk in near real-time for improving flood preparedness, even though the absolute magnitudes were sometimes found to be in need of bias correction. A customised form of RAT 3.0 tailored for hydropower dams operating during high precipitation events in mountainous regions is proposed as an outcome of this study.
A model for the Arctic mixed layer circulation under a summertime lead: implications for the near-surface temperature maximum formation
Authors: Alvarez Alberto
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Leads in sea ice cover have been studied extensively because of the climatic relevance of the intense ocean–atmosphere heat exchange that occurs
during winter. Leads are also preferential locations of heat exchange and melting in early summer, but their oceanography and climate relevance, if
any, remains largely unexplored during summertime. In particular, the development of a near-surface temperature maximum (NSTM) layer typically
10–30 m deep under different Arctic basins has been observationally related to the penetration of solar radiation through the leads. These
observations reveal that the concatenation of calm and wind events in the leads could facilitate the development of the NSTM layer. Using numerical
modeling and an idealized framework, this study investigates the formation of the NSTM layer under a summer lead exposed to a combination of calm
and moderate wind periods. During the calm period, solar heat accumulates in the upper layers under the lead. Near-surface convection cells are
generated daily, extending from the lead sides to its center. Convection cells affect the heat storage in the mixed layer under the lead and the
adjacent ice cap. A subsequent wind event (and corresponding ice drift) mixes and spreads fresh and cold meltwater into the warm layers near the
surface. Surface mixing results in temperatures in the near-surface layers that are lower than in the deeper layers, where the impact of the surface
stresses is weaker. Additionally, the warm waters initially located under the lead surface stretch and spread horizontally. Thus, an NSTM layer is
formed. The study analyzes the sensitivity of the depth and temperature of the NSTM layer to buoyancy forcing, wind intensity, ice drift, stratification,
and lead geometry. Numerical results suggest that the NSTM layer appears with moderate wind and ice drift and disappears when the wind intensity is
higher than 9 m s−1. Depending on the background stratification, the calm period reinforces or becomes critical in NSTM layer
formation. According to the results, ice drift is key to the development of the NSTM layer.
Permafrost saline water and Early to mid-Holocene permafrost aggradation in Svalbard
Authors: Rotem Dotan , Lyakhovsky Vladimir , Christiansen Hanne Hvidtfeldt , Harlavan Yehudit , Weinstein Yishai
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Deglaciation in Svalbard was followed by seawater
ingression and deposition of marine (deltaic) sediments in fjord valleys,
while elastic rebound resulted in fast land uplift and the exposure of these sediments to the atmosphere, whereby the formation of epigenetic permafrost was initiated. This was then followed by the accumulation of aeolian sediments, with syngenetic permafrost formation. Permafrost was studied in the eastern Adventdalen valley, Svalbard, 3–4 km from the maximum up-valley reach of
post-deglaciation seawater ingression, and its ground ice was analysed for
its chemistry. While ground ice in the syngenetic part is basically fresh,
the epigenetic part has a frozen freshwater–saline water interface (FSI), with
chloride concentrations increasing from the top of the epigenetic part (at
5.5 m depth) to about 15 % that of seawater at 11 m depth. We applied a one-dimensional freezing model to examine the rate of top-down permafrost
formation, which could be accommodated by the observed frozen FSI. The model
examined permafrost development under different scenarios of mean average
air temperature, water freezing temperature and degree of pore-water
freezing. We found that even at the relatively high air temperatures of the
Early to mid-Holocene, permafrost could aggrade quite fast down to 20 to 37 m (the whole sediment fill of 25 m at this location) within 200 years. This, in turn, allowed freezing and preservation of the freshwater–saline water
interface despite the relatively fast rebound rate, which apparently
resulted in an increase in topographic gradients toward the sea. The
permafrost aggradation rate could also be enhanced due to non-complete pore-water freezing. We conclude that freezing must have started immediately
after the exposure of the marine sediment to atmospheric conditions.
Foreign Aid Promotes Human Development in Bangladesh: Empirical Evidence from Governmental and Nongovernmental Aid
Authors: Roy Amit
Published: August 2023

Foreign aid is the international flow of money, commodity and services from governments in advanced countries and international institutions to developing ones for the benefit of the receiving country. Bangladesh is a developing country receiving a billion dollars of foreign aid in the last few decades. This paper taking the data from 1990-2021, empirically tests the effectiveness of foreign aid in the promotion of human development in Bangladesh. Using multivariable multiple regressions, this paper finds that foreign aid positively impacts HDI and its sub-indices of income, education and health. Moreover, this paper finds that foreign aid coming through the nongovernmental channel is more effective than foreign aid coming through the governmental channel though the volume of funds received by the NGOs is just one-tenth of total foreign aid. Our findings suggest that foreign donors should consider allocating more funds through nongovernmental channels in order to speed up the human development and political stability of the country.
Availability and mobility of microplastics in river sediments
Authors:   , He Beibei
Published: August 2023

This research study systematically investigated the presence of different microplastics in urban river sediments, assessed the factors which influence microplastics distribution, and evaluated the environmental risks of microplastics on sediment quality. Furthermore, the research project developed a three-dimensional mathematical modelling framework on the dispersal and transport processes of different sedimental microplastics. The outcomes of this research study will contribute to the informed management of waste plastics and formulation of effective mitigation measures.
Exploring the Catalytic Effect of Improving Teachers' Social Emotions in Education and Teaching Reform under the Background of New Curriculum
Authors: Chen Jing , Liu Li
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate how improving teachers’ social-emotional skills influences the implementation of new educational and curriculum reforms. The study examines the relationships between teachers’ social-emotional skills, the motivational classroom climate, and student awareness, interest, and student engagement in the new curriculum. University students in Shenzhen, China (N=308) were surveyed for data collection, and the results were analyzed using the statistical method of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). -Teachers with emotional skills are more effective in engaging students in the classroom. In addition, the creation of a positive learning environment that encourages student motivation and engagement was found to act as a bridge between teachers’ social-emotional competence and student engagement. Furthermore, the study showed that students’ knowledge and interest in the curriculum played an important role in the relationship between teachers’ social-emotional skills and student engagement, highlighting the importance of teachers understand students’ interests and modify instructional strategies accordingly with emphasis. The study's findings have substantial implications for the evolution of education and instructional methods. They emphasize the importance of teachers’ social and emotional skills in increasing student engagement and achievement. It is essential to recognize study limitations, including reliance on self-reported data and use of cross-sectional data.
Taking Innovation Seriously: A Dynamic Competition Model for Antitrust Law
Authors: Rooney William H. , Lee Colin , Payne Amanda M.
Published: August 2023

Although innovation is often portrayed as a byproduct of competition, innovation and related dynamic aspects of competition are also, and perhaps more so, drivers of competition. The current antitrust framework, as illustrated by merger law and the agency guidelines that bear on that law, emphasizes static, demand-side conditions in defining markets and assessing likely anticompetitive effects. Only after the market has been defined and competitive effects assessed are innovation and dynamic, supply-side developments considered, and then in the context of rebutting anticompetitive findings already made on the basis of the static assessment. In addition, the burden of demonstrating and quantifying the supply-side developments is placed on the merging parties despite their relatively limited access to competitor capabilities, strategies, and plans. The following article suggests a new framework that places the burden of addressing dynamic considerations primarily on the enforcement agencies that must be met before the agencies can establish a presumption of illegality against a proposed transaction or a prime facie case against a competitive practice. It also suggests a more qualitative assessment of innovation and likely supply responses that is elaborated in the accompanying article by Professor David J. Teece.