bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una escena de traducción en América Latina: “Las dos orillas” de Carlos Fuentes
Authors: Logie Ilse
Published: October 2021

In his short story “The two shores” the Mexican writer Carlos Fuentes (The Orange Tree, 1993) fictionalizes language contact. In this apocryphal rewriting of the chronicle of Bernal Díaz del Castillo, The True History of the Conquest of New Spain, the author puts translation on the centre stage by focusing on the ambiguous relations between the two top interpreters of Spanish con queror Hernán Cortés: Jerónimo de Aguilar and La Malinche. Besides, translation is also the genetic source of the story since it is itself an adaptation of an existing chronicle. In Fuentes’s version, Aguilar consciously distorts Cortés ’s words in order to reveal the con queror’s true intentions and to demonstrate his solidarity with the indigenous populations, the Aztecs and the Mayas. The story can be read as a reflection on the complex loyalties of translators and on lan guage ’s colonizing potential. It reconsiders the function of translation, which is presented as performative speech act rather than as a purely reproductive form of transfer. According to Fuentes, translation is an activity that is caught in a double bind as it harbors a potential for disruption and betrayal as well as for subversion.
Themes and methodological issues in Court Interpreting research
Authors: Hale Sandra
Published: October 2021

The field of Legal Interpreting encompasses a wide variety of contexts including police interviews and interrogations, lawyer-client conferences, tribunal and court hearings and trials. Most of the research carried out in the field to date has concentrated on the discourse of the courtroom in Common Law countries (Berk-Seligson 1988, 1990, 1999; Hale 1997b, 1999, 2004; Mason & Stewart 2001; Pym, 1999; Rigney 1997). This is partly due to the availability of the data, as most courtrooms are open to the public, but also due to the vast amount of research conducted into the language of the courtroom, which has served as a theoretical basis for the study of court interpreting. These studies draw on discourse analysis, the ethnography of language, pragmatics, experimental psychology and forensic linguistics to inform their methods. Other research into legal interpreting has looked at other , non-linguistic aspects of the practice, such as role perceptions and expectations, using social science methods of surveys, interviews and focus groups (Fowler 1997; Kelly 2000; Hale & Luzardo 1997; Angelelli 2004). Fewer studies have concentrated on the other aspects of legal interpreting, such as police interpreting (Krouglov 1999; Berk-Seligson 2000; Russell 2004; Wadensjš 1997) and tribunal hearings (Wadensjš 1992; Mason & Stewart 2001; Barsky 1996). With the exception of a limited number of experimental studies (Berk-Seligson 1990 and Hale 2004) most legal interpreting research studies have been descriptive, qualitative and speculative, providing useful information on the current state of affairs but little on the impact such practices have on the legal process. This contribution will concentrate only on court interpreting research. It will review the major research projects to date, highlight their strengths and weaknesses, identify the gaps that exist in our knowledge of the field andproposefurther research studies tofill such gaps.
Donde las palabras no alcanzan: violencia y feminicidio
Authors: Castrillo Mirat Dolores
Published: October 2021

Frente a la violencia contra las mujeres se han generado,gracias al feminismo, una infinidad de normas  que tratan de ponerle límite. No obstante esta violencia no cesa. Para el feminismo la violencia contra las mujeres no es otra cosa que la consecuencia de la dominación del macho impuesta por la cultura patriarcal. Pero hoy, en las democracias occidentales, es imposible seguir sosteniendo el mito del macho dominador  propio de la era patriarcal. Hoy asistimos a un declive de lo viril concomitante a la caída del Padre. La actual violencia contra las mujeres no puede explicarse por el régimen patriarcal,  pero tampoco  por la caída del padre, porque esta  violencia ha existido en todas las épocas. La verdadera cuestión no es el Padre sino el malentendido entre los goces. Mientras que el  goce todo fálico   se centra en la apropiación  del objeto , en lo que puede ser localizado  , nombrado , medido, el goce no- todo fálico, que Lacan llama femenino, pero que también pueden experimentar algunos hombres, se presenta como sin medida, irreductible, no solo a un órgano, sino a la palabra misma. Ante la angustia suscitada frente a  lo real de este goce Otro imposible de ser simbolizado, la violencia masculina es un intento ferozmente patológico de colonizar este goce innombrable. El  pasaje al acto violento  viene en el lugar de una palabra imposible de decir. Frente al recurso al acto violento que cortocircuita la palabra, el psicoanálisis es una invitación a poner en palabras este goce que perturba a cada ser hablante. No para decirlo todo, lo cual es imposible, sino para hacer con este imposible  de decir otra cosa  que la destrucción del otro y/ o  la autodestrucción.
Sekizinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Soru Çözerken Yaptıkları Yanlışların Analizi
Authors: Öztürk Mehmet Nuri
Published: October 2021

Studying for the High School Entrance Examination is one of the critical periods in students' lives. In this period, which coincides with the adolescence period, students are preparing for an exam that will affect their future lives. The students who solve many questions from Mathematics, Science, Turkish, History of Revolution and Kemalism, English and Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge courses naturally make mistakes. Determining the reasons of these mistakes provides an opportunity for students to learn from their mistakes. The aim of this study is to analyze what kind of mistakes the eighth grade students make in their problem solving works. In this context, a total of 257210 questions solved by 10 students preparing for LGS in 2018-2019, 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 in all branches and 10705 mistakes were analyzed. Reasons of making mistakes were classified as lack of attention, lack of subject matter knowledge, process/method mistakes, and comprehension mistakes. Consequently, it was found that students mostly make mistakes in Mathematics, Science, Turkish and Religious Culture courses because they could not understand the questions. The most common reason of making mistakes in History of Revolution and Kemalism is lack of subject matter knowledve and lack of vocabulary in English. According the to the findings suggestions were developed for students and future researches. Keywords: Studying for LGS, Reason of istakes, learning from mistakes
Effects of Competitive Strategies and Strategic Management Accounting Techniques on Perceived Performance of Businesses
Authors: AYKAN Ebru , AKSOYLU Semra
Published: October 2021

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of competitive strategies and strategic management accounting techniques (SMAT) on the perceived qualitative and quantitative performance of medium and large size businesses in Kayseri, Turkey. In the research model, competitive strategies were considered in three-dimensions as cost leadership, differentiation and focusing strategies and SMAT-use was considered in five dimensions as cost, competitor, customer, strategic decision and control-oriented techniques. Data gathered from 229 accounting managers were used to test the hypotheses. Regression analyses revealed low level positive relationships between differentiation strategies and the perceived qualitative-quantitative performance of businesses and similarly low level relationships between the competitor-customer-oriented techniques and qualitative performance of the businesses.
Lipoma versus benign symmetric lipomatosis with localization in oral and maxillofacia region
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova, Sirbu Daniel , Suharschi Ilie ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova, Sirbu Dumitru ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova
Published: October 2021

Benign tumors of fat tissue with localization in oral and maxillofacial region are an ongoing problem, with a high frequency and various manifestation causing morphofunctional and aesthetic discomfort for the patient. The article is based on comparative analysis of 2 patients that have benign tumors of the adipose tissue in the OMF region, one patient diagnosed with solitary lipoma and over patient with benign symmetric lipomatosis with anterior cervical localization. The specialized literature offers 2 methods of lipomatous tumor removal Liposuction and Lipectomy, in the article we describe the effectivity of the 2 methods. This study proved that benign tumors of fat tissue can have common morphological origin but different progression and clinical features. Early addressing of the patients and early detection diminishes the duration of the surgery, morbidity and rehabilitation of the patient.
Antithetical Feminine-Urban Imagery and a Tale of Two Women-Cities in the Book of Revelation
Authors: Campbell Gordon
Published: October 2021

A major theme of the Book of Revelation is the woman-city, incorporating various women and cities in the unfolding story. The women are Jezebel, 2:20-23; the woman clothed with the sun, 12:1-6; the whore astride the monster, 17:1-6; and the bride, 19:6-9a, 21:9-10. The cities include seven Church-cities in Roman Asia, 2:1–3:22; Jerusalem, 11:1-13; Babylon, 14:8; 18:1-24; and New Jerusalem, 21–22. Revelation integrates them all into an unprecedented orchestration of a binary motif borrowed from prophetic denunciations of ancient cities – Yahweh’s marriage to his beloved people and that people’s spiritual adultery. The result is both a complex blending of feminine-urban imagery and a double metaphor whose fullest development is an elaborate literary contrast between two women-cities, Babylon-the-whore and New Jerusalem-the-bride. Sustained antithetical parallelism conditioning theme development makes the woman-city a fundamentally ambiguous reality and a powerful dramatisation of sinful humanity’s fickle response to God. For believing inhabitants of earthly cities, tragic tension between the call to faithful belonging and the lure of idolatrous affiliations is ultimately resolved through doubly faithful divine action which removes the squalid whore-city, Babylon, and establishes the glorious bride-city, New Jerusalem.
A Note on Romans 6:5: The Representation (ὉΜΟΙΩΜΑ) of His Death
Authors: Sabou Sorin
Published: October 2021

The meaning and especially the reference of the ὁμοίωμα in Romans 6:5 is a subject of debate in Pauline studies. This note, keeping in view the two main lines of interpretation (‘corresponding reality’ and ‘form’), argues for a specific different meaning, namely, that of ‘representation’ referring to a discourse which here in Romans is the proclamation of the death and resurrection of Christ. It does so by giving an important place to the role of the gospel at the start and in the time of ‘newness of life’.
On the Articular Infinitive in Philippians 2:6: A Grammatical Note with Christological Implications
Authors: Burk Denny
Published: October 2021

Many commentators and grammarians see ‘form of God’ and ‘equality with God’ as semantic equivalents. This semantic equivalence is based in part on the erroneous assumption of a grammatical link between ‘form of God’ and ‘equality with God’. This supposed grammatical link consists of an anaphoric use of the articular infinitive, the being equal with God (τὸ εἶναι ἴσα θεῷ). This essay contends that this link has little grammatical basis and should be discarded. The exegetical result is that it is grammatically possible to regard ‘form of God’ and ‘equality with God’ not as synonymous phrases, but as phrases with distinct meanings.
The Finger of God and the Forming of a Nation: The Origin and Purpose of the Decalogue
Authors: Baker David L.
Published: October 2021

The problem of the origin of the Decalogue is often expressed in terms of whether or not it is Mosaic or developed from a form that originated in the Mosaic period. Many scholars have argued for one or other of these positions, though recently some have suggested that the Decalogue was formulated much later in Israel’s history, during or even after the Exile. However none of these views engages seriously with the claim of the biblical text that the Decalogue was spoken directly by God to the people of Israel at Sinai and written by ‘the finger of God’ on the two stone tablets. In this article I will endeavour to do that, before considering the audience to whom the Decalogue was addressed, what it was intended to be for them, and the motives and sanctions which were stated or implied. I shall argue that this document was instrumental in the forming of Israel as a nation, indeed as the people of God, and that it contains the essential principles which underlie the detailed laws in Exodus, Leviticus and Deuteronomy.
Identifying the Talents: Contextual Clues for the Interpretation of the Parable of the Talents (Matthew 25:14-30)
Authors: Chenoweth Ben
Published: October 2021

The parable of the Talents contains some elements that were intended to be interpreted allegorically. The master represents the Son of Man; the servants represent the disciples. But what about the talents? Some say the talents represent gifts and abilities; others, that they do not represent anything specific but are necessary only to demonstrate faithful stewardship. However, this article proposes that Matthew did have a specific referent in mind. By means of an extended verbal repetition (Matt. 13:12 and 25:29) Matthew intended the talents to refer to ‘the knowledge of the secrets of the kingdom of heaven’. In other words, the disciples have been given inside information about the kingdom – they were given the interpretation of Jesus’ parables unlike the crowds who only heard the parables – and therefore they must make use of this knowledge to bring about a profit for Jesus. Those who do will be rewarded; failure to do so will result in punishment. Furthermore, this applies just as much to the readers of Matthew’s gospel. Support for this view is found in 1 Corinthians 4:1-5.
Πίστις Χριστοῦ in Galatians 2:16: Clarification from 3:1-6
Authors: Hunn Debbie
Published: October 2021

Because grammar alone is inadequate to determine the meaning of πίστις Χριστοῦ, whether ‘faith in Christ’ or ‘faith[fulness] of Christ’, some scholars now observe that exegesis must judge between the theories. This article is an attempt to use exegesis to determine the meaning of πίστις Χριστοῦ in Galatians 2:16. The argument proceeds in two steps: the first is to confirm that ἀκοή πίστεως in Galatians 3:2, 5 refers to the faith of the Galatians (‘hearing with faith’), and the second is to establish the link between ἀκοή πίστεως in 3:2, 5 and πίστις Χριστοῦ in 2:16. The article concludes that πίστις Χριστοῦ in Galatians 2:16 refers to human faith.
New Exodus and No Exodus in Jeremiah 26-45: Promise and Warning to the Exiles in Babylon
Authors: Yates Gary
Published: October 2021

Seeking to contribute to the discussion of the book of Jeremiah as a literary unity, this study examines the contrast between the promise of new exodus in Jeremiah 30–33 and the experience of the remnant in Judah after the fall of Jerusalem that is recounted in Jeremiah 40–43 as a reversal of the exodus. This contrast of ‘new exodus’ and ‘no exodus’ serves as both a promise and warning to the exilic community in Babylon – the promise that they are to be the recipients of the blessings of restoration and a warning that continued disobedience to YHWH will bring further judgement.
A New Analysis of a Key Hebrew Term: The Semantics of Galah (‘To Go into Exile’)
Authors: Gray David
Published: October 2021

This study is an attempt to update James Barr’s work on the semantics of biblical language by analysing one Hebrew term: גלה II (galah II) ‘to go into exile’. The article criticises existing entries in theological dictionaries, as well as providing a new analysis. The writer is one of the researchers on the Key Terms of Biblical Hebrew project. The project should benefit others who would like to dig deeper into the meaning of Hebrew terms as they are used in the Old Testament.
The Accession Narrative (1 Samuel 27 - 2 Samuel 1)
Authors: Firth David G.
Published: October 2021

This paper offers a reading of 1 Samuel 27 – 2 Samuel 1 as a discrete unit within the books of Samuel which consciously acts as the climax of all that precedes it in 1 Samuel. It is marked by a distinctive narrative style, which shows that it is structurally discrete within the books of Samuel, and yet at the same time it establishes links across the whole of the preceding text. These links enable it to offer a profound reflection on the circumstances and interpretation of Saul’s death as well as resolving the question of where David was when Saul died. At the same time, these links transcend the classical source-critical analysis of the books of Samuel, suggesting that the books should be read as a tightly-integrated whole.
Conceptualising Fulfilment in Matthew
Authors: Kirk J. R. Daniel
Published: October 2021

The question of how to understand the formula citations in the Gospel of Matthew is as important as it is disputed. This study begins by reviewing the avenues previously pursued for making sense of this collection of texts. Finding that typology is a helpful but ultimately insufficient means of making sense of Matthew’s formula citations, a diachronic, narratival typology is proposed. Rather than seeing Jesus as the one who embodies abstract or limited typological concepts, we see that his life takes the shape of Israel’s story. In assigning Israel’s role to Jesus, however, Matthew also opens up new avenues for interpreting this story. And so we find Jesus giving new substance to a narrative whose shape is given by the scriptures of Israel. This conception of narrative embodiment in Matthew holds promise not only for understanding Jesus’ relationship to the prophets but also for understanding his relationship to the law.
The Deliverer from Zion: The Source(s) and Function of Paul’s Citation in Romans 11:26-27
Authors: Bruno Christopher R.
Published: October 2021

This article argues that Paul’s Old Testament citation in Romans 11:26-27 includes Isaiah 59:20-21, 27:9, and 2:3. For Paul, Christ’s first advent inaugurates the fulfilment of these Isaianic prophecies; therefore, the salvation of ‘all Israel’ is not an exclusively future reality. The theme of Gentile blessing also accompanies these prophecies. Therefore, Paul expects that Gentile inclusion is part of the fulfilment of the promises to Israel. The implications of this argument are that the majority position of ‘all Israel’ in v. 26 as a reference to the future salvation of ethnic national Israel is untenable and that the emphasis on Gentile inclusion found earlier in Romans continues throughout the epistle.
Perseverance Within an Ordo Salutis
Authors: Henžel Ján
Published: October 2021

Even the most exhaustive definitions of distinct elements of salvation cannot provide a comprehensive picture unless they are set in relationship to each other. In the following, we shall seek to put these distinct elements in an order. We shall do that with the initiating elements of the spiritual life, which will then enable us to link them with the progress of the believer’s life. That in turn will prepare the ground to redefine the doctrine of the perseverance of believers within such a revised order.
Relating Prayer and Pain: Psychological Analysis and Lamentations Research
Authors: Thomas Heath Aaron
Published: October 2021

Psychological approaches to biblical texts have gained currency, particularly in lament literature. One notes, however, an increasing interest in the intersections between Lamentations and psychological analysis as well. Upon a survey of literature, one quickly realises no singular methodology prevails: scholars have applied to Lamentations the insights of Kübler-Ross’ grief process as well as the insights of John Archer, Yorick Spiegel, Sigmund Freud and the perspectives of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Whilst useful in identifying and assessing pain in the poetry, these approaches undervalue the crucial indicators of prayer in Lamentations. These indicators press research to the fecund field of the psychology of prayer. This essay exposes diverse applications of psychological approaches to the book, presents an analysis of both the benefits and limitations of this research and then relates prayer and pain in its poetry by exploring the connections between Lamentations and the psychology of prayer.
Which Hebrew Bible? Review of Biblia Hebraica Quinta, Hebrew University Bible, Oxford Hebrew Bible, and Other Modern Editions
Authors: Baker David L.
Published: October 2021

Three major critical editions of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament are in preparation at present: Biblia Hebraica Quinta (BHQ), the Hebrew University Bible (HUB), and the Oxford Hebrew Bible (OHB). This article is a comparative review of these three editions, followed by a briefer review of six other modern editions: British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS), NIV Interlinear Hebrew-English Old Testament, Jewish Publication Society (JPS), Jerusalem Crown (JC), Biblia Hebraica Leningradensia (BHL), and the Reader’s Hebrew Bible (RHB). Finally, there is a brief discussion of implicit editions and electronic editions, followed by concluding remarks on the usefulness of the various editions.
Drawing Ethical Principles from the Process of the Jerusalem Council: A New Approach to Acts 15:4-29
Authors: Park Hyung Dae
Published: October 2021

This study proposes that the main ethical points found in the decision of the Jerusalem council in Acts 15:4-29 should include the council members’ attitudes of trusting each other, respecting God and his Word, and answering with some conceded responses to the others, rather than just the four prohibitions. To argue this proposal, first of all, the situation of the council is described in terms of the historical background and the narrative flow. The three lists of the four restrictions in 15:20, 29 and 21:25 are then compared, and the characteristics of the decision of the council are examined. The council’s list differs from James’ and has the perspective of worship and covenant rather than of ritual.
The Apocalyptic Vision of Jesus According to the Gospel of Matthew: Reading Matthew 3:16-4:11 Intertextually
Authors: Mathewson David
Published: October 2021

There has been much discussion on the relationship of Jesus to apocalyptic. What has been missing is a demonstration that Jesus participated in what is at the heart of literature labeled ‘apocalyptic’: a visionary experience of a transcendent reality. This article argues that Jesus’ post-baptismal experience and the temptation narrative that follows, particularly as recorded in Matthew 3:16–4.11, portray Jesus as undergoing such an apocalyptic visionary experience which resembles closely the visionary experience of early Jewish and Christian apocalypses. Thus, with the opening of the heavens to the final temptation, Matthew 3:16–4.11 depicts a third person account of a sustained visionary experience modeled intertextually after classic apocalyptic seers (Ezekiel, Isaiah, Enoch). Jesus’ apocalyptic vision functions to authenticate Jesus’ role as divine spokesperson for God and provides a perspective for the struggle that will ensue in the rest of Matthew.
Heptadic Verbal Patterns in the Solomon Narrative of 1 Kings 1-11
Authors: Davies John A.
Published: October 2021

The narrative in 1 Kings 1–11 makes use of the literary device of sevenfold lists of items and sevenfold recurrences of Hebrew words and phrases. These heptadic patterns may contribute to the cohesion and sense of completeness of both the constituent pericopes and the narrative as a whole, enhancing the readerly experience. They may also serve to reinforce the creational symbolism of the Solomon narrative and in particular that of the description of the temple and its dedication.
The Manumission of Slaves in Jubilee and Sabbath Years
Authors: Harbin Michael A.
Published: October 2021

Debt in the Old Testament economy was problematic, and our understanding of it is even more problematic, especially with respect to debt slavery. It is suggested that several common misunderstandings have contributed greatly to the problem. First, the Hebrew word ‘ebed can be translated servant or slave and in the latter case it can denote both debt slave and chattel slave. In many cases there is a failure to make these distinctions. Second, there is a tendency to categorise all debt the same, regardless of the size. Third, a misunderstanding of the purpose of the jubilee has led to confusion regarding its role with respect to slavery and the manumission of slaves. Specifically, while the sabbath year guidelines included debt slavery, the jubilee by its nature did not involve slavery at all. Because the land ‘sale’ was really a land-lease, there was no debt involved, and the Israelite who ‘sold’ his land was not enslaved. It is then suggested that one option for the Israelite who ‘bought’ the land was to employ the ‘seller’ to work the land as a hired hand, which would explain the admonition that he was not be viewed as a slave.
The Condemnation of Jephthah
Authors: Davis Tamie S.
Published: October 2021

This paper argues that literary context, commonly used by evangelicals, and intertextuality, often championed by feminist scholars, are complementary tools for understanding the story of Jephthah and his daughter in Judges 11:29-40. The lack of comment from the narrator on the morality of the story has perplexed many readers but, when viewed together, these approaches build a compelling case for Jephthah’s condemnation. The literary context gives warrant to the feminist horror at the events of Judges 11:29-40. Intertextual contrast relating to gender can alert the reader to other differences between the stories which then present Jephthah as an inversion of Abraham: unfaithful and abhorrent to YHWH.
‘I Will Save My People from Their Sins’: The Influence of Ezekiel 36:28b-29a; 37:23b on Matthew 1:21
Authors: Piotrowski Nicholas G.
Published: October 2021

Matthean scholars are nearly unanimous that LXX Psalm 129:8 [MT 130:8] is the allusive background to Matthew 1:21 notwithstanding formidable semantic differences. Ezekiel 36:28b-29a; 37:23b, however, provides a more convincing and more fruitful conceptual background for Matthew’s programmatic verse. Semantic and thematic considerations bear this out. The result of reading Matthew 1:21 through the lens of Ezekiel 36:28b-29a; 37:23b is the selection of frames for reading the rest of the gospel in terms of the prophet’s vision for Israel’s restoration from exile.
Review Article: The Deliverance of God: an Apocalyptic Rereading of Justification in Paul by Douglas A. Campbell
Authors: Clark Bruce
Published: October 2021

Campbell launches a sustained attack against traditional theological conceptions of justification and aims to free Romans 1–4 (on which these conceptions seemingly rest) from a widespread rationalistic, contractual, individualistic (mis)reading, which gains its plausibility only by the modernistic theological superstructure forced upon it. Campbell then presents an in-depth re-reading of Romans 1–4 (as well as parts of chs. 9–11, Gal. 2–3, Phil. 3), in which Paul engages in a highly complex, ‘subtle’ polemic, creatively employing ‘speech-in-character’ as a means of subverting a Jewish Christian ‘Teacher’ whose visit to Rome threatens to undermine the Roman Christians’ assurance of salvation. Campbell argues that justification is participatory and liberative: Christ’s death and resurrection constitute the ‘righteousness/deliverance of God’, by which he justifies, or delivers, an enslaved humanity from the power of sin. This article concentrates primarily on Campbell’s own exegesis, concluding that, while important aspects of Campbell’s critique of both “justification theory” and traditional readings of Romans 1–4 must be carefully considered, his own exegesis is not only ingenious, asking too much of Paul and the letter’s auditors, but altogether untenable at key points.
Grace Tasted Death for All: Thomas Aquinas on Hebrews 2:9
Authors: Gatiss Lee
Published: October 2021

This article examines the biblical interpretation of Thomas Aquinas, which has until recently been relatively neglected amongst the many works of this leading medieval theologian. Looking particularly at ‘by the grace of God Christ tasted death for all’ (Hebrews 2:9), a key phrase which throws up several exegetical and theological puzzles, it concludes that Aquinas’s approach to it is a prime example of medieval commentating both at its best and its worst. It shows how his lack of knowledge of Greek led him astray, notes his neglect of textual criticism, and examines his reliance on tradition, especially the Hebrews commentary of Peter Lombard. It places his use of the theological formula ‘sufficient for all, efficacious for the elect alone’ when expounding the words ‘for all’ into historical context, surveying exegetical discussion of the extent of the atonement from Origen to Gottschalk to John Owen. Aquinas’s use of the scholastic ‘division of the text’ methodology to identify a melodic line centring on this verse’s theme of ‘grace’ within both Hebrews and Paul (the assumed author) is uncovered, along with other interpretative tactics and a reflective piety which jar against the presuppositions of modern academic biblical studies.
Mothers of Offspring in 1-2 Kings: A Messianic Hope in David’s Line?
Authors: Scheumann Jesse R.
Published: October 2021

In the books of 1 and 2 Kings, the mothers of Judaean kings are given a unique focus in being mentioned. Historically-minded scholars, neglecting a more message-minded approach, have not sufficiently explored why this is the case. However, when viewed as an allusion to Genesis 3:15, the focus on mothers reveals a literary marking of each Judaean king as an offspring of the woman, maintaining messianic hope within a dark period of Judah’s history.
The Elihu Speeches: Their Place and Sense in the Book of Job
Authors: Andersen Ragnar
Published: October 2021

The different opinions about the Elihu speeches (Job 32–37) contribute greatly to confusion in research on the book of Job. In this paper I discuss whether the Elihu speeches are later interpolations or original to the writing, and I defend the latter position. Furthermore, I critically analyse current views on the speeches’ role in the book as a whole and argue that Elihu is an inspired wisdom teacher who paves the way for Job’s encounter with God. Elihu does not merely repeat the claims of Job’s three friends.
Satan as Adversary and Ally in the Process of Ecclesial Discipline: The Use of the Prologue to Job in 1 Corinthians 5:5 and 1 Timothy 1:20
Authors: Thornton Dillon T.
Published: October 2021

Twice in the NT Paul refers to delivering someone to Satan. In 1 Corinthians 5:5, the apostle tells the Corinthian believers to hand a man living in sexual immorality over to Satan (παραδοῦναι τὸν τοιοῦτον τῷ σατανᾷ). In 1 Timothy 1:20, Paul tells Timothy that he handed Hymenaeus and Alexander over to Satan (παρέδωκα τῷ σατανᾷ). Paul’s language is strikingly similar to language contained in the prologue to Job. In Job 1:6-12, Satan disputes the blamelessness of Job and seeks Yahweh’s permission to test Job’s integrity. First, Yahweh allows Satan to attack Job’s most prized possessions (Job 1:12). After the first attack fails, Satan asks for Yahweh’s permission to assault Job physically. Then in Job 2:6 LXX, the LORD says to Satan, ‘Behold, I deliver him to you’ (Ἰδοὺ παραδίδωμί σοι αὐτόν). In this paper, I argue that in both 1 Corinthians 5:5 and 1 Timothy 1:20 Paul draws from the prologue to Job, and he portrays Satan as an enemy of God who nevertheless can play the part of an ally in the process of church discipline.
Interpreting Scripture with Satan?: The Devil’s Use of Scripture in Luke’s Temptation Narrative
Authors: Sloan David B.
Published: October 2021

This article considers Luke’s evaluation of the devil’s interpretation of Psalm 91 in Luke 4:9-11 and offers four lessons regarding Biblical interpretation that can be drawn out of the text: 1) context is key; 2) the dawn of the messianic era enables a greater experience of the Scriptures than was previously the case; 3) the promises of Scripture should not be taken to mean that every experience on earth will match the promise made; and 4) if we use the locutionary meaning of Scripture to produce perlocutionary acts that oppose the intended perlocution of the text, we misuse the text.
The Erasure of Distinction: Paul and the Politics of Dishonour
Authors: Harrison J. R.
Published: October 2021

The article investigates the deliberate erasure of inscriptional honours of two individuals in the first century: Augustus’s ‘friend’, the infamous Gaius Cornelius Gallus, and the famous orator of Isthmia, Nikias. The public dishonouring of rivals by their enemies was common in antiquity. The author explores how this phenomenon illuminates Paul’s conception of glory in Romans and his attack on boasting in oratorical performance in the Corinthian epistles. Paul sets forth a different understanding of honour based on the shame of the cross, God’s election of the socially despised, and the elevation of the dishonoured in the Body of Christ.
Better Than the Blood of Abel?: Some Remarks on Abel in Hebrews 12:24
Authors: Kim Kyu Seop
Published: October 2021

The sudden mention of Abel in Hebrews 12:24 has elicited a multiplicity of interpretations, but despite its significance, the meaning of ‘Abel’ (τὸν Ἅβελ) has not attracted the careful attention that it deserves. This study argues that τὸν Ἅβελ in Hebrews 12:24 refers to Abel as an example who speaks to us through his right observation of the cult. Accordingly, Hebrews 12:24b means that Christ’s cult is superior to the Jewish ritual. This interpretation fits exactly with the adjacent context contrasting Sinai and Zion symbols.
Could Marriage Be Disestablished?
Authors: Rivers Julian
Published: October 2021

In this paper, I respond to Dr Daniel Hill’s argument that English law should cease to recognise marriage. Rather than focusing on general arguments of political theory for and against such a proposal I consider practical arguments based on the development of the law in response to injustice in family relations. A law of marriage of some sort seems inevitable. This conclusion is reinforced by the arguments of libertarian and feminist writers who seek to ‘abolish’ marriage. Looked at more closely, they do nothing of the sort; they redefine it. Finally, I discuss the problem of unregistered marriages among British Muslims as an already existing example of marriage without the state. I conclude that law has to respond to existing social forms according to an idea of justice in domestic relations, and for that reason marriage cannot simply be ‘disestablished’.
Kombinasi Algoritma Vigenere Cipher dan One Time Pad untuk Mengamankan Data Teks
Authors: Hulu Virushati , Nadeak Berto
Published: October 2021

Perkembangan teknologi turut mempengaruhi tingkat keamanan informasi yang bersifat rahasia. Berbagai pihak yang teidak berkepentingan dapat menggunakan perkembangan teknologi untuk mendapatkan informasi tersebut. Untuk menjaga agar informasi tetap aman, maka digunakan kombinasi algoritma vigenere cipher dan One Time Pad (OTP). Kriptografi ini adalah teknik untuk menyandikan pesan dan menjaga keamanan suatu pesan. Kombinasi ini digunakan sebagai suatu sistem untuk mengamankan data teks, karena data teks mengalami dua proses pengamanan, yaitu proses enkripsi dan proses dekripsi. Enkripsi pada algoritma vigenere cipher dan One Time Pad (OTP) dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali enkripsi dan 2 kali dekripsi, dimana dalam proses ini pertama dilakukan dengan proses enkripsi vigenere cipher hasil cipherteks yang dihasilkan proses vigenere cipher dijadikan sebagai plainteks untuk proses enkripsi One Time Pad (OTP) hasil cipherteks yang dihasilkan dari proses enkripsi (OTP) dan dijadikan sebagai proses dekripsi (OTP) dan hasilnya berupa plainteks yang didapat dari dekripsi (OTP) dan lakukan proses dekripsi dengan vigenere cipher dan gunakan kunci awal dari vigenere cipher untuk mengembalikan cipherteks yang diinput ke plainteks semula sehingga hasilnya berupa plainteks asli dan kembali kebentuk semula..
Penyimpanan Digital dan Dokumen Online Berbasis Teknologi Informasi untuk Mendukung Kegiatan Administrasi Pemerintahan Desa Baja Dolok Kecamatan Sipispis
Authors: Purba Doni El Rezen
Published: October 2021

Kemajuan Teknologi Iinformasi memperkenalkan layanan komputasi berupa penyimpanan data dengan mudah ke dalam suatu perangkat, yang dapat menyimpan data digital dalam jumlah besar. Program pemerintah menetapkan pembangunan melalui pengembangan TIK dengan istilah E-goverment. Penerapan E-government merupakan amanat Inpres No.3 tahun 2003 tentang penyelanggaran tata kelola pemerintahan secara elektronis di Indonesia. Implementasi e-government dalam pelaksanaan tata kelola pemerintah dan pelayanan publik membutuhkan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi beserta sumber daya manusia yang handal dalam mengelolanya. Sehingga dapat diakses dimana saja dan kapan saja. Pelaksanaan penyelenggaraan tata kelola pemerintahan dilakukan secara elektronis dengan memanfaatkan sarana teknologi informasi dan komunikasi sebagai implemantasi e-government. Kurangnya pengetahuan terhadap teknologi informasi bagi pemerintah desa menjadi salah satu penyebab kurang efektifnya pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Sebagai bentuk upaya memberikan pelayanan publik yang prima pemerintah Desa Baja Dolok berusaha meningkatkan kemampuan perangkat desa, salah satunya dalam bidang teknologi informasi. Pengabdian pada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan untuk membantu pemerintah Desa Baja Dolok dalam pelatihan penggunaan layanan penyimpanan Digital dan pengunaan dokumen online dalam proses administrasi desa demi miningkatkan pelayanan yang prima pada masyarakat
Assessment of biochemical profile among patients of Microbiological Quality Assessment of Bakery Products Available in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Gill Anil , John Akash , Iqbal Neelam , Faridi Tallat Anwar , Noor Sofia
Published: October 2021

Bakery items are a vital element of a well-balanced diet, and supermarket shelves now stock a wide range of them. Bakery items are the most popular ready-to-eat foods (REF).Objective:To assess the microbial quality of bakery foods (Bread, Cake and patties) and check the total plate count (TPC), bacterial and yeast count Methods:The analysis of the microbial quality of bakery products was determined for three different bakery products (bread, cake and patties) at ten different locations collected from a renowned bakery in Lahore, Pakistan. The samples were assessed under complete hygienic conditions by standardized plate count (TPC) and MPN method. Micro-organisms (Coliform, Fecal Coliform and Yeast) were lately confirmed by their morphological characteristics and biochemical tests Results: Among the three commodities, bread was found to be highly contaminated by micro-organisms and the total plate count recorded was 4.7 x 105cfu g-1collected from sector I9 which is not consumable. Whereas Patties showed the number of TPC as 1.6 x 105 cfu g-1also collected from sector I9. Cake was revealed as least infected bakery product i.e., 5.7 x 104 cfu g-1. The above results showed that sector I9 is highly contaminated and a threat for health. Bacterial plate count (Coliform and Fecal Coliform count) was highly measured in bread as 460 MPN g-1 taken from sector I5 where as it remains under the permissible limit determined by WHO, 1994 in remaining sectors Conclusions:In conclusion the bakery food is contaminated by the use of un-hygienic water, miss handled during the process after baking i.e., slicing, serving and packaging. To avoid a possible epidemic of food borne illness, competent authorities should conduct a stricter and more stringent inspection of  REFs sold to clients in bakeries.
Baptisan Roh Kudus dalam Teologi Pantekosta dan Implikasinya Bagi Hidup Orang Percaya
Authors: Perangin Angin Yakub Hendrawan , Yeniretnowati Tri Astuti
Published: October 2021

The question of what it means to be baptized with the Holy Spirit and how it happens, has created many great dividing lines and even endless debates from the past until now among Christians. Also the debate regarding the time and way of being baptized in the Holy Spirit also often becomes a polemic at the time of repentance or after? To answer this problem, this research was carried out using a qualitative method with a library approach, namely by collecting information from various textbooks and journals, then the researchers analyzed the concept of baptism and the concept of the baptism of the Holy Spirit as a conceptual framework that can provide a theological frame for how the baptism of the Holy Spirit is carried out. in Pentecostal Theology and its implications for believers. The conclusion of this study is how the implications of the baptism of the Holy Spirit which are agreed upon and experienced by people who believe in the Lord Jesus Christ increasingly give power and a very strong commitment to service for believers in their devotion to God.Pertanyaan tentang arti dibaptis dengan Roh Kudus dan bagaimana hal itu terjadi, sudah banyak membuat garis pemisah besar bahkan perdebatan yang tiada ujung dari dulu sampai saat ini di kalangan umat kristiani. Juga perdebatan terkait waktu dan cara seseorang dibaptis Roh Kudus juga sering kali menjadi polemik saat bertobat atau setelahnya?. Untuk menjawab permasalah ini maka dilakukan tinjauan pustaka, yaitu dengan cara menganalisis tentang konsep baptisan dan konsep baptisan Roh Kudus sebagai sebuah kerangka konsep yang dapat memberikan bingkai teologis bagaimana baptisan Roh Kudus dalam Teologi Pentakosta dan implikasinya bagi orang percaya. Implikasi dari baptisan Roh Kudus yang diamini dan dialami orang percaya semakin memberi kuasa dan komitmen pelayanan yang sangat kuat bagi orang percaya dalam pengabdiannya kepada Allah.
De opkomst en ondergang (?) van de GHOR
Authors: Holtkamp Bernadette , Helsloot Ira
Published: October 2021

The rise and fall (?) of the GHOR

This article describes and explains the development of the regional construct for the coordination of medical assistance in accidents and disasters, the emergency medical services in the region (GHOR), in the Netherlands in the period 1996 to 2020. The authors distinguish four stages of organisational development, which they analyse from a multi-actor perspective consisting of three elements: the impact of disasters and (negative) evaluations, the institutional context and the bureaucratic battle surrounding the GHOR. The GHOR was a solution for a perceived insufficiently coordinated functioning of all parties involved in medical assistance. The GHOR was positioned in a complex way. This made it predictable that the multidisciplinary GHOR process would gradually be integrated within the ‘nearby’ regular mono-disciplinary acute care process and the structures for it. This article gives policymakers involved in disaster and crisis management more insight into the history and development of the GHOR over the last two decades. This insight is important now that the added value of the GHOR has come under discussion, partly due to the doubts of the Evaluation Committee for the Security Regions Act, and decisions about its future have to be taken. For administrative scientists, this case study shows that public administration’s ability to foresee and break through known organisational development patterns is still inadequate.
EduQNet: Um Modelo de Qualidade de Processo para Cursos a Distância Mediados pela Internet
Authors: Rapchan Francisco J. C. , Cury Davidson , Menezes Crediné , Falbo Ricardo Almeida
Published: October 2021

Este artigo propõe um modelo de qualidade de processo para a elaboração, operação, gerência e manutenção de cursos a distância que utilizem a Internet como elemento mediador. O modelo proposto toma como base a norma NBR ISO/IEC 12207 para fazer um mapeamento dos processos sugeridos a partir de indicadores de qualidade propostos por diversas instituições relacionadas com educação a distância.
Atingindo o SW-CMM-2 Usando o MPG
Authors: Soares Afonso Celso , Patta Andréa Pivoto , Cardoso Carlos Henrique Rodrigues , Cardoso Rita de Cássia Bitencourt
Published: October 2021

Pesquisas têm demonstrado que existe uma grande quantidade de empresas de desenvolvimento de software com o perfil de pequenas organizações ou pequenos grupos de trabalho, variando em torno de algumas pessoas. Estes pequenos grupos de trabalho anseiam fortemente por um modelo de qualidade de software que além de ser concordante com modelos internacionais de qualidade, tais como o SW-CMM[2] , possuam uma estrutura com complexidade reduzida comparada a estes grandes frameworks. Visando atender à sua necessidade e também a deste mercado, o Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações - Inatel, desenvolveu o Modelo para Pequenos Grupos - MPG, como conseqüência de seu processo de implantação do modelo de qualidade de software SW-CMM-2. Este artigo tem a finalidade de apresentar a primeira experiência do Inatel na utilização do MPG em dois projetos, citando os resultados obtidos, algumas lições aprendidas e as perspectivas futuras
Operação do SEPG na Motorola Brasil
Authors: Lima Filho Jose Mário de Souza , Florencio Ana Luísa Andrade , Costa Márcia Cristina Carvalho , Brunetto Cibele
Published: October 2021

Este artigo descreve a experiência da Motorola Brasil na implantação e gerenciamento de seu SEPG (Software Engineering Process Group) – desde sua criação até a certificação CMM [1] nível 3, obtida em Novembro de 2001. São apresentados estrutura, atividades, responsabilidades, métricas de controle, resultados e lições aprendidas.
Uma Ferramenta de Apoio à Instanciação de Processos de Software com Gerência de Conhecimento
Authors: Borges Ligia da Motta Silveira , Falbo Ricardo Almeida
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para tratar o problema que as organizações enfrentam na adaptação do processo padrão para cada projeto e na realimentação do processo padrão com as lições aprendidas durante o desenvolvimento de um projeto. A gerência de conhecimento é apontada como mecanismo com potencial para apoiar uma organização na resolução dos problemas detectados. Finalmente, são apresentadas uma proposta para minimizar os problemas e uma ferramenta, ProKnowHow, que tem como objetivo principal prover apoio automatizado para a tarefa de adaptação do processo padrão, permitindo divulgar o conhecimento adquirido durante o projeto e fornecendo subsídios para a realimentação do processo padrão.
Frameworks de Aplicações Orientadas a Objetos – Uma Abordagem Iterativa e Incremental
Authors: Carneiro Cristiane Marise Pérez da Silva , de Mendonça Neto Manoel Gomes
Published: October 2021

Reutilização é uma das abordagens mais usadas para melhorar a qualidade e reduzir o custo e tempo de desenvolvimento de software. Programação orientada a objetos (OO) é freqüentemente citada como um dos meios para se atingir reusabilidade de software, e frameworks orientados a objetos podem ser usados para promover reutilização tanto ao nível de implementação como ao nível arquitetural. Todavia, existem várias dificuldades associadas ao desenvolvimento e uso de frameworks OO. As mais importantes são a complexidade de projeto e a dificuldade de compreensão e reutilização de frameworks. Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem iterativa e incremental para o desenvolvimento de frameworks orientados a objetos. Esta abordagem cria uma família de frameworks OO com crescente grau de sofisticação, onde cada membro da família é por si só um framework completo e utilizável que contém mais funcionalidades que o anterior. A abordagem proposta é testada em um estudo de caso in-vitro onde uma família de três frameworks e três aplicações, uma para cada framework, são derivadas.