bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The non-canonical Wnt-PCP pathway shapes the caudal neural plate
Authors: López-Escobar Beatriz , Caro-Vega José Manuel , Vijayraghavan Deepthi S. , Plageman Timothy F. , Sanchez-Alcazar José A. , Moreno Roberto Carlos , Savery Dawn , Márquez-Rivas Javier , Davidson Lance A. , Ybot-González Patricia
Published: April 2018

The last stage of neural tube (NT) formation involves closure of the caudal neural plate (NP), an embryonic structure formed by neuromesodermal progenitors and newly differentiated cells that becomes incorporated into the NT. Here we show that as cell specification progresses, neuromesodermal progenitors and their progeny undergo significant changes in shape prior to their incorporation into the NT. The caudorostral progression towards differentiation is coupled to a gradual reliance on a unique combination of complex mechanisms that drive tissue folding, involving pulses of apical actomyosin contraction and planar polarised cell rearrangements, all of which are regulated by the Wnt-PCP pathway. Indeed, when this pathway is disrupted, either chemically or genetically, the polarization and morphology of cells within the entire caudal NP is disturbed, producing delays in NT closure. Indeed, the most severe disruptions of this pathway prevent caudal NT closure and result in spina bifida. In addition, a decrease in Vangl2 gene dosage also appears to promote more rapid progression towards a neural fate, but not the specification of more neural cells.
aPKC is a key polarity molecule coordinating the function of three distinct cell polarities during collective migration
Authors: Wang Heng , Qiu Zhiqian , Xu Zehao , Chen Samuel John , Luo Jun , Wang Xiaobo , Chen Jiong
Published: April 2018

Apical-basal polarity is a hallmark of epithelia and it needs to be remodeled when epithelial cells undergo morphogenetic cell movements. Here, we use border cells in Drosophila ovary to address how the apical-basal polarity is remodeled and turned into front-back, apical-basal and inside-outside polarities, during collective migration. We find that Crumbs (Crb) complex is required for the generation of the three distinct but inter-connected cell polarities of border cells. Specifically, Crb complex, together with Par complex and the endocytic recycling machinery, ensures a strict distribution control of two distinct populations of aPKC at the inside apical junction and near the outside lateral membrane respectively. Interestingly, aPKC distributed near the outside lateral membrane interacts with Tiam1/Sif and promotes the Rac-induced protrusions, whereas alteration of the aPKC distribution pattern changed protrusion formation pattern, leading to disruption of all three polarities. Therefore, we demonstrate that aPKC, spatially controlled by Crb complex, is a key polarity molecule coordinating the generation of three distinct but inter-connected cell polarities during collective migration.
The Role of Task Difficulty in Learning a Visuomotor Skill
Authors: BOOTSMA JOSJE M. , HORTOBÁGYI TIBOR , ROTHWELL JOHN C. , CALJOUW SIMONE R.
Published: April 2018

Introduction

Task difficulty affects the amount of interpretable information from a task, which is thought to interfere with motor learning. However, it is unclear whether task difficulty in itself is a stimulus for motor learning because the experimental evidence is mixed in support of the optimal challenge point framework that predicts one specific level of task difficulty to produce the greatest magnitude of motor learning.

Purpose

We determined the effects of functional task difficulty on motor skill acquisition, retention, and transfer.

Methods

Healthy young participants (N = 36) learned a mirror star-tracing task at a low, medium, or hard difficulty level defined by the bandwidth of the star. We measured skill acquisition, retention, and transfer to untrained difficulty levels, as well as the perceived mental workload during the task.

Results

Task difficulty affected motor performance, but did not affect motor learning and transfer. For the groups that practiced the task at the medium and hard but not at the low difficulty level, initial skill level correlated with the magnitude of learning.

Conclusions

The optimal challenge point framework does not capture the complex relationship between task difficulty and motor learning. Previously reported effects of task difficulty on the magnitude of motor learning are probably mediated by perceived mental workload. Task difficulty did not affect the magnitude of visuomotor skill learning but it affected how learning occurred. The data have implications on how athletes learn new motor skills and patients relearn injury-impaired motor skills during rehabilitation.
Recent advances in the understanding and management of underactive bladder
Authors: Lee Su-Min , Hashim Hashim
Published: April 2018

Underactive bladder (UAB) is an important and complex urological condition resulting from the urodynamic finding of detrusor underactivity. It can manifest in a wide range of lower urinary tract symptoms, from voiding to storage complaints, and can overlap with other conditions, including overactive bladder and bladder outlet obstruction. However, UAB continues to be poorly understood and inadequately researched. In this article, we review the contemporary literature pertaining to recent advances in defining, understanding, and managing UAB.
TCGAbiolinksGUI: A graphical user interface to analyze cancer molecular and clinical data
Authors: Silva Tiago Chedraoui , Colaprico Antonio , Olsen Catharina , Malta Tathiane M , Bontempi Gianluca , Ceccarelli Michele , Berman Benjamin P , Noushmehr Houtan
Published: April 2018

The GDC (Genomic Data Commons) data portal provides users with data from cancer genomics studies. Recently, we developed the R/Bioconductor TCGAbiolinks package, which allows users to search, download and prepare cancer genomics data for integrative data analysis. The use of this package requires users to have advanced knowledge of R thus limiting the number of users. To overcome this obstacle and improve the accessibility of the package by a wider range of users, we developed a graphical user interface (GUI) using Shiny available through the package TCGAbiolinksGUI. The TCGAbiolinksGUI package is freely available within the Bioconductor project at http://bioconductor.org/packages/TCGAbiolinksGUI/. Links to the GitHub repository, a demo version of the tool, a docker image and PDF/video tutorials are available from the TCGAbiolinksGUI site.
Formation of the Federal Base for Evaluation Tools Funds: Prerequisites, Requirements, Results
Authors: Раев К. , Raev K. , Якимчук О. , Yakimchuk O. , Тимошина Е. , Timoshina E. , Наумова С. , Naumova S.
Published: April 2018

The article provides the prerequisites for the development of evaluation tools that can serve as an example forhigher educational institutions in the development of their own evaluation materials, as well as can be used in conducting procedures for state accreditation and independent evaluation of the educationquality. The requirements for evaluation tools and the source (platform) of these funds (the Federal Base of Evaluation Tools)are described. Intermediate results of the Federal Base functioning are presented.
Teaching Younger Schoolchildren to Create a Text-Discourse
Authors: Полякова Э. , Polyakova E.
Published: April 2018

The article reveals the content of the work on the formation of universal cognitive actions for younger schoolchildren in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education, including analysis, comparison, explanation, and the development of speech skills necessary for creating text-discourse. Different types and genres of texts are characterized and their structure is described. On specific examples, methodological methods and forms of organization of the process of teaching children of primary school age to the compilation of texts-discourse are considered.
The Use of Lapbook Technology for the Acquisition by Primary Schoolchildren of Methods of Memorizing
Authors: Гомзякова Н. , Gomzyakova N.
Published: April 2018

One of the tasks of modern elementary general education is to teach the child the ability to extract the necessary information from diverse sources, structure it, keep it in memory and reproduce it with the necessary depth. The article covers the Lapbook technology as one of the directions for solving the problem related to the formation of memorization techniques for younger schoolchildren.
Scheduling the Italian National Volleyball Tournament
Authors: Cocchi Guido , Galligari Alessandro , Nicolino Federica Picca , Piccialli Veronica , Schoen Fabio , Sciandrone Marco
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we present our approach to sports scheduling, a process that led the Italian Volleyball League to adopt our calendar for the 2016–2017 and subsequent seasons. Sports scheduling is a hard combinatorial optimization problem whose solution requires modeling many different aspects of sports, some of which are unique to each sport or nation. The capability of producing a high-quality schedule is important for both balancing undesirable matches among teams and ensuring adequate coverage by television and other media. Through strong interaction with the Italian Volleyball League, we modeled and solved the problem to optimality using standard mathematical programming solvers. We also tested our solution using previous seasons’ tournaments to prove the capability of our model.
Designing and implementing a trust-wide quality assurance programme
Authors: Coope Sally-ann
Published: April 2018

Derbyshire Community Health Services (DCHS) NHS Foundation Trust provides a wide range of community-based health services. After the Care Quality Commission (CQC) found gaps in the trust's assurance process, its board decided to develop a method of continuous quality improvements that could be used as a basis for the trust's quality assurance system. The trust adapted and built on an acute model so it was suitable for community services. The final assurance system, Quality Always, has four elements: the clinical assessment and accreditation scheme; leadership development; ‘champions’ within clinical teams to support and promote the scheme; and dashboards to record and monitor progress. A system to recognise and reward achievement was essential for success.

Quality Always has resulted in better care quality, an improved CQC rating, a sense of achievement among staff, the development of support networks, learning (especially among support staff) and good practice being shared.
A guide to community mental health law for district nurses: the right to aftercare
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: April 2018

District nurses frequently provide physical care and treatment to patients in their own homes and care homes who have previously been detained under the Mental Health Act 1983 for the treatment of a mental illness. Such patients are commonly subject to community provisions of the Mental Health Act 1983 and it is important that districts nurses are aware of the implications of these provisions on the patients care and support. In this article the author considers a detained mental health patient's right to aftercare under the Mental Health Act 1983, section 117.
Incorporating motivational interviewing into rheumatology care
Authors: Palmer Deborah , Miedany Yasser El
Published: April 2018

Deborah Palmer, Advanced Nurse Practitioner, North Middlesex University Hospital, and Yasser El Miedany, Consultant Rheumatologist, discuss ways to close the gap between disease control and patient empowerment
Nursing Now: nurses at the heart of the challenge to improve global health
Authors: Rosser Elizabeth
Published: April 2018

Elizabeth Rosser, Acting Executive Dean, Bournemouth University, discusses two initiatives to promote nursing around the world and make improvements in global health
‘Why did nobody warn me?’
Authors: Stevens Claire
Published: April 2018

What should we be telling new mums about infant feeding? Paediatric dentist Claire Stevens offers some guidance based on the latest evidence
‘Worth more than gold’
Authors: Ubhi Andrea , Harrall Michelle
Published: April 2018

What often lies at the heart of any successful practice is the collaborative ethos of its dental team. Here, dentist Andrea Ubhi and lead dental nurse Michelle Harrall share their award-winning ways
‘50 happy years in the NHS’
Authors: Meeson Joyce
Published: April 2018

Dental nurse Joyce Meeson shares the golden days of her career
‘The days of plaque are long gone’
Authors: Chatfield Christina
Published: April 2018

Dental hygienist Christina Chatfield reveals how biofilm is the new buzzword in dentistry
Dental unit water systems – achieving ‘best practice’
Authors: Davies Simon
Published: April 2018

Simon Davies considers the apparent omission within HTM 01-05 for water systems in dental practices to be validated annually and explores what action is needed
The aberrant molar
Authors: Mittal Tarun K , Atack Nikki E , Naish Hywel J , Williams Julie C , Puryer James S , Sandy Jonathan R , Ireland Anthony J
Published: April 2018

Abstract: The eruption of the molar teeth represents the start and end of the establishment of the permanent dentition. This process often occurs without event, but occasionally abnormalities of eruption occur and most frequently this affects the third molar. This article gives an overview of the possible aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of the aberrant molar.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Awareness of the possible sequelae of unerupted or impacted molars is important in diagnosis and treatment planning.
GP Forward View: Progress to date
Authors: Frankova Helena
Published: April 2018

Ahead of the second annual review of progress by the Royal College of GPs of the General Practice Forward View, Helena Frankova looks at what is known and what to expect from future reviews
Rewards and pitfalls of online consultations
Authors: Bradshaw Pallavi
Published: April 2018

Growing pressure on NHS services has made the growth of digital solutions inevitable. Dr Pallavi Bradshaw, Senior Medicolegal Adviser at Medical Protection, explains the pros and cons for practices and how to manage the risks
Why companies and not partnerships?
Authors: Cumberlege Justin
Published: April 2018

What is the difference between running a practice as a company or a partnership? Justin Cumberlege takes an in-depth look at the subject and why the change can be of benefit to GPs
Healthy workplace, healthy workforce
Authors: Moffat Polly
Published: April 2018

April is a good opportunity to revisit policies on health in the workplace, with campaigns focusing on stress management and harmful substance exposure
Reviews
Authors: Lin Yu-Han , Berndt Jaqueline , Reisel Mary
Published: April 2018

Identity Politics and Popular Culture in Taiwan: A Sajiao Generation, HSIN-I Sydney Yueh (2016) 1st ed., Lexington Books, 222 pp., ISBN: 9781498510325, Hardback, $85.00 (£54.95); ISBN: 9781498510332, eBook, $80.50 (£54.95)

Rewriting History in Manga: Stories for the Nation, Nissim Otmazgin and Rebecca Suter (EDS) (2016) 1st ed., New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 208 pp., ISBN: 9781137554789, h/bk, $99.99; ISBN: 9781137551436, electronic, $79.99

Idols and Celebrity in Japanese Media Culture, Patrick W. Galbraith and Jason Karlin (EDS) (2012) 1st ed., New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 239 pp., ISBN: 9780230298309, h/bk, $100,00; ISBN: 9781349334452, p/bk, $95,00; Electronic ISBN: 9781137283788, $79,99
Toshio’s movie castle: A historical overview of Studio Ghibli’s collaboration and promotional strategies
Authors: Yoshioka Shiro
Published: April 2018

While so-called ‘Ghibli films’ attract global academic and popular attention because of their technical and textual genius, the current fame of the studio and commercial success of its films is in large part the product of an intricate system of promotion and advertising developed in the 1980s. At the nexus of the studio’s commercial success is Toshio Suzuki, the key producer at the studio. This article argues that the success of the studio owes much, not only to the superb quality of the films it has created, but also to its relationship with other parties involved in filmmaking, such as publishing house Tokuma shoten, TV broadcasting company NTV and film distributors Tōhō and Tōei, relationships developed by Suzuki. The links with these companies forged in the 1980s enabled Ghibli to come into existence and continue to thrive by virtue of their financial and promotional support. Besides detailing how the links were forged and their significance for Ghibli, this article will also examine how promotional strategies played an important role in making Ghibli films and the name of Hayao Miyazaki (and to a lesser extent film director Isao Takahata) widely known in Japan in the 1980s. Therefore, this article will examine the connections between Suzuki’s creative work as Studio Ghibli’s main producer, while investigating how the links he forged with outside companies led to unprecedented levels of success for his nascent studio.
A Transient Dopamine Signal Represents Avoidance Value and Causally Influences the Demand to Avoid
Authors: Pultorak Katherine J. , Schelp Scott A. , Isaacs Dominic P. , Krzystyniak Gregory , Oleson Erik B.
Published: April 2018

While an extensive literature supports the notion that mesocorticolimbic dopamine plays a role in negative reinforcement, recent evidence suggests that dopamine exclusively encodes the value of positive reinforcement. In the present study, we employed a behavioral economics approach to investigate whether dopamine plays a role in the valuation of negative reinforcement. Using rats as subjects, we first applied fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to determine that dopamine concentration decreases with the number of lever presses required to avoid electrical footshock (i.e., the economic price of avoidance). Analysis of the rate of decay of avoidance demand curves, which depict an inverse relationship between avoidance and increasing price, allows for inference of the worth an animal places on avoidance outcomes. Rapidly decaying demand curves indicate increased price sensitivity, or low worth placed on avoidance outcomes, while slow rates of decay indicate reduced price sensitivity, or greater worth placed on avoidance outcomes. We therefore used optogenetics to assess how inducing dopamine release causally modifies the demand to avoid electrical footshock in an economic setting. Increasing release at an avoidance predictive cue made animals more sensitive to price, consistent with a negative reward prediction error (i.e., the animal perceives they received a worse outcome than expected). Increasing release at avoidance made animals less sensitive to price, consistent with a positive reward prediction error (i.e., the animal perceives they received a better outcome than expected). These data demonstrate that transient dopamine release events represent the value of avoidance outcomes and can predictably modify the demand to avoid.
Cell Type-Specific Differences in Chloride-Regulatory Mechanisms and GABAAReceptor-Mediated Inhibition in Rat Substantia Nigra
Authors: Gulácsi Alexandra , Lee Christian R. , Sík Attila , Viitanen Tero , Kaila Kai , Tepper James M. , Freund Tamás F.
Published: April 2018

The regulation of intracellular chloride has important roles in neuronal function, especially by setting the magnitude and direction of the Cl-flux gated by GABAAreceptors. Previous studies have shown that GABAA-mediated inhibition is less effective in dopaminergic than in GABAergic neurons in substantia nigra. We studied whether this phenomenon may be related to a difference in Cl-regulatory mechanisms. Light-microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed that the potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) was localized only in the dendrites of nondopaminergic (primarily GABAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra, whereas the voltage-sensitive chloride channel 2 (ClC-2) was observed only in the dopaminergic neurons of the pars compacta. Electron-microscopic immunogold labeling confirmed that KCC2 is localized in the dendritic plasma membrane of GABAergic neurons close to inhibitory synapses. Confocal microscopy showed that ClC-2 was selectively expressed in the somatic and dendritic cell membranes of the dopaminergic neurons. Gramicidin-perforated-patch recordings revealed that the GABAAIPSP reversal potential was significantly less negative and had a much smaller hyperpolarizing driving force in dopaminergic than in GABAergic neurons. The GABAAreversal potential was significantly less negative in bicarbonate-free buffer in dopaminergic but not in GABAergic neurons. The present study suggests that KCC2 is responsible for maintaining the low intracellular Cl-concentration in nigral GABAergic neurons, whereas a sodium-dependent anion (Cl--HCO3-) exchanger and ClC-2 are likely to serve this role in dopaminergic neurons. The relatively low efficacy of GABAA-mediated inhibition in nigral dopaminergic neurons compared with nigral GABAergic neurons may be related to their lack of KCC2.
Calmodulin Binds to the C Terminus of Sodium Channels Nav1.4 and Nav1.6 and Differentially Modulates Their Functional Properties
Authors: Herzog Raimund I. , Liu Chuanju , Waxman Stephen G. , Cummins Theodore R.
Published: April 2018

Modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) can have a major impact on cell excitability. Analysis of calmodulin (CaM) binding to GST-fusion proteins containing the C-terminal domains of Nav1.1-Nav1.9 indicates that some of the tetrodotoxin-sensitive VGSC isoforms, including NaV1.4 and NaV1.6, are able to bind CaM in a calcium-independent manner. Here we demonstrate that association with CaM is important for functional expression of NaV1.4 and NaV1.6 VGSCs. Disrupting the interaction between CaM and the C terminus of NaV1.4 and NaV1.6 channels reduced current amplitude by 99 and 62%, respectively. Overexpression of CaM increased the current generated by Nav1.4 and Nav1.6 C-terminal mutant constructs that exhibited intermediate current densities and intermediate binding affinities for CaM, demonstrating that this effect on current density was directly dependent on the ability of the C terminus to bind CaM. In addition to the effects on current density, calmodulin also was able to modulate the inactivation kinetics of Nav1.6, but not Nav1.4, currents in a calcium-dependent manner. Our data demonstrate that CaM can regulate the properties of VGSCs via calcium-dependent and calcium-independent mechanisms and suggest that modulation of neuronal sodium channels may play a role in calcium-dependent neuronal plasticity.
Neurokinin-1 Receptor-Expressing Neurons in the Amygdala Modulate Morphine Reward and Anxiety Behaviors in the Mouse
Authors: Gadd Christopher A. , Murtra Patricia , De Felipe Carmen , Hunt Stephen P.
Published: April 2018

Mice lacking the neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor, the preferred receptor for the neuropeptide substance P (SP), do not show many of the behaviors associated with morphine reward. To identify the areas of the brain that might contribute to this effect, we assessed the behavioral effects of ablation of neurons expressing the NK1receptor in specific regions of the mouse brain using the neurotoxin substance P-saporin. In a preliminary investigation, bilateral ablation of these neurons from the amygdala, but not the nucleus accumbens and dorsomedial caudate putamen, brought about reductions in morphine reward behavior. Subsequently, the effect of ablation of these neurons in the amygdala on anxiety behavior was assessed using the elevated plus maze (EPM), before conditioned place preference (CPP), and locomotor responses to morphine were measured. Loss of NK1receptor-expressing neurons in the amygdala caused an increase in anxiety-like behavior on the EPM. It also brought about a reduction in morphine CPP scores and the stimulant effect of acute morphine administration relative to saline controls, without affecting CPP to cocaine. NK1receptor-expressing neurons in the mouse amygdala therefore modulate morphine reward behaviors. These observations mirror those observed in NK1receptor knock-out (NK1-/-) mice and suggest that the amygdala is an important area for the effects of SP and the NK1receptor in the motivational properties of opiates, as well as the control of behaviors related to anxiety.
Bufalin suppresses endometriosis progression by inducing pyroptosis and apoptosis
Authors: Cho Yeon Jean , Lee Jiyeun E , Park Mi Jin , O’Malley Bert W , Han Sang Jun
Published: April 2018

The steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-1 isoform/estrogen receptor (ER)-β axis has an essential role in endometriosis progression. In this context, therefore, bufalin was employed as a ‘tool compound’ to evaluate inhibitors of SRC in alternative endometriosis treatment. Bufalin effectively suppressed the growth of primary human endometrial stroma cells isolated from endometriosis patients compared to women without endometriosis and immortalized human endometrial epithelial and stromal cells expressing the SRC-1 isoform compared to their parental cells in vitro. In vivo, compared to the vehicle, bufalin treatment significantly suppressed the growth of endometriotic lesions in mice with surgically induced endometriosis because bufalin disrupted the functional axis of SRC-1 isoform/ERβ by increasing SRC-1 isoform protein stability, hyperactivating the transcriptional activity of the SRC-1 isoform and degrading the ERβ protein by proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 2 in endometriotic lesions. Bufalin treatment elevated the apoptosis signaling in epithelial cells of endometriotic lesions. In stromal cells of endometriotic lesions, bufalin treatment increased the levels of pyroptosis markers (caspase 1 and the active form of interleukin 1β) and reduced proliferation. In addition, bufalin treatment increased the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum-stress (ERS) markers (PKR-like ER kinase, protein disulfide isomerase and binding immunoglobulin) in endometriotic lesions. Collectively, the bufalin-induced disruption of the SRC-1 isoform/ERβ axis might induce apoptosis, pyroptosis and ERS signaling in endometriotic lesions, causing the suppression of endometriosis. Therefore, future generations of SRC-modulators could be employed as an alternative medical approach for endometriosis treatment.
Development of ICSI
Authors: O’Neill C L , Chow S , Rosenwaks Z , Palermo G D
Published: April 2018

The first conception outside of the human body that led to the birth of Louise Brown was a tremendous accomplishment, which opened the door to the utilization of assisted reproductive techniques globally. This brought the understanding that accomplishing life in a dish required several steps, the most obvious being the timing and characteristics of fertilization. It soon became obvious in the 1980s that the most disappointing phenomenon was unexpected and complete fertilization failure. Among the approaches that were attempted to treat male factor infertility, ICSI surfaced as the technique that brought the ratio of the gametes to 1:1 and was also able to grant consistent fertilization and a higher pregnancy rate. ICSI has now been implemented for a quarter of a century, proving itself as the ultimate technique utilizing ejaculated spermatozoa independent of the semen parameters and is the sole insemination method to be used with surgically retrieved spermatozoa. There are currently various indications for ICSI that are widely adopted, rendering it the most popular insemination method worldwide. The reliability of ICSI ensures its employment in upcoming techniques involvingin vitrospermatogenesis and neogametogenesis.
Association of serum total bilirubin and plasma 8-OHdG in HIV/AIDS patients
Authors: Kolgiri Vaishali , Nagar Vidya , Patil Vinayak
Published: April 2018

Oxidative stress is a major contributor in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR) and DNA damage in HIV/AIDS patients. Bilirubin has been shown to have antioxidant effects. In this case-control study, 600 subjects were included. We determined serum total bilirubin and IR in all subjects. We measured 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine with 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. IR and oxidative DNA damage were significantly higher in HIV-positive patients with second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) and first-line ART than ART-naive patients. However, average serum total bilirubin was higher in ART-naive patients than the HIV-positive patients with second-line ART and first-line ART. In a logistic regression analysis, serum total bilirubin was negatively associated with the IR [odds ratio (OR): 0.0127, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.023–0.070, p = 0.0000] and DNA damage (OR: 0.525, 95% CI: 0.351–0.783, p = 0.0016). We found that prevalence of IR and DNA damage was less in ART-naive patients compared with ART first-line and ART second-line HIV-positive patients. Larger studies are warranted to determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the negative association of serum bilirubin and DNA damage in ART naive patients.
Multiplex ligatiofüggő szondaamplifikáció az onkohematológiai kutatásban és diagnosztikában
Authors: Kiss Richárd , Kosztolányi Szabolcs , Gángó Ambrus , Szuhai Károly , Bödör Csaba , Alpár Donát
Published: April 2018

Abstract:

Genetic abnormalities associated with the development, progression and treatment resistance of hematological malignancies are extensively characterized. Rapid, reliable and cost-efficient techniques are needed to screen the clinically relevant aberrations in routine diagnostics. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification is an efficient tool to analyze genomic copy number aberrations at 55–60 different genomic loci. The method allows the profiling of prognostic and predictive markers; thus, it can efficiently be combined with karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization, the most commonly used diagnostic techniques to detect cytogenetic lesions. Furthermore, the method can interrogate methylation status and unravel point mutations at specific sites, providing results in 24 hours. Here, we describe the technical background of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, summarize its advantages and limitations as well as discuss its role in oncohematological diagnostics and research. Finally, future outlook is provided, with emphasis on recent technological advances related to next-generation sequencing. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(15): 583–592.
Effect of Temperature and Catholyte Concentration on the Performance of a Chemically Regenerative Fuel Cell
Authors: Ward David B. , Davies Trevor J.
Published: April 2018

Chemically regenerative redox cathode (CRRC) polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are attracting more interest as a platinum-free PEFC technology. These fuel cells utilise a liquid catalyst or catholyte, to perform the indirect reduction of oxygen, eliminating the major degradation mechanisms that plague PEFC durability. A key component of a CRRC PEFC system is the catholyte. This article reports a thorough study of the effect of catholyte concentration and temperature on CRRC PEFC system performance for H7PV4Mo8O40 and Na4H3PV4Mo8O40, two promising polyoxometalate (POM)-based catholytes. The results suggest 80°C and a catholyte concentration of 0.3 M provide the optimum performance for both H7PV4Mo8O40 and Na4H3PV4Mo8O40 (for ambient pressure operation).
Depletion of Gprc5a Promotes Development of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Ma Xiaojie , Schwarz Angelina , Sevilla Sonia Zambrano , Levin Anna , Hultenby Kjell , Wernerson Annika , Lal Mark , Patrakka Jaakko
Published: April 2018

Background Renal glomeruli are the primary target of injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN), and the glomerular podocyte has a key role in disease progression.

Methods To identify potential novel therapeutic targets for DN, we performed high-throughput molecular profiling of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) using human glomeruli.

Results We identified an orphan GPCR, Gprc5a, as a highly podocyte-specific gene, the expression of which was significantly downregulated in glomeruli of patients with DN compared with those without DN. Inactivation of Gprc5a in mice resulted in thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and activation of mesangial cells, which are two hallmark features of DN in humans. Compared with wild-type mice, Gprc5a-deficient animals demonstrated increased albuminuria and more severe histologic changes after induction of diabetes with streptozotocin. Mechanistically, Gprc5a modulated TGF-β signaling and activation of the EGF receptor in cultured podocytes.

Conclusions Gprc5a has an important role in the pathogenesis of DN, and further study of the podocyte-specific signaling activity of this protein is warranted.
On Evaluation and Comparison of Blast Loading Methods Used In Numerical Simulations
Authors: Erdik Atıl , UÇAR Vahdet
Published: April 2018

It is crucial to assess the
dynamic behavior of structures exposed to blast loading in order to improve the
integrity and survivability. Numerical simulations are widely used to predict
the response of structures under blast loading. A commercial nonlinear finite
element code, LS-DYNA provides three blast loading methods: Empirical blast
modeling technique CONWEP, Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian technique (ALE), and
hybrid CONWEP - ALE technique. In this study, an experimental testing of a flat
plate subjected to blast loading is modeled using these three blast loading
methods in LS-DYNA. Mesh resolution study of ALE formulation is conducted to
determine the influence of element mesh size on predicting blast loading
effects that is converted through fluid structure interaction algorithm from
Eulerian to Lagrangian type of elements. It is drawn a comparison between peak
pressures calculated in simulations and maximum dynamic deformation measured in
the field test. Finally, the discussion and conclusion are provided.
Aislamiento de Paenibacillus sp. desde muestras ambientales v1
Authors: D.A.N Núñez Daniel , Matute Tamara , Núñez Isaac , Federici Fernan
Published: April 2018

Este protocolo describe como aislar bacterias mótiles del género Paenibacillus a partir de muestras ambientales. El protocolono involucra material de laboratorio especializado. Parte del proyecto Comunicaciones Especulativas: datos enhttps://osf.io/c542q/wiki/home/ codigo enhttps://github.com/interspecifics/ComunicacionesEspeculativas info enhttp://interspecifics.cc/comunicacionesespeculativas/
Simulação de Reservatórios de Óleo Leve com Poço Horizontal Hidraulicamente Fraturado
Authors: Souto Helio
Published: April 2018

Since the 1960s, because of the relevance to the oil industry, the numerical simulation of hydrocarbon reservoirs has received special attention and has been the subject of extensive studies. The main goal of computational modeling and the use of numerical methods for reservoir simulation is to allow better placement and control of wells, so that there is a optimized oil recovery. In this work, production of hydraulically fractured horizontal wells in light tight oil reservoirs will be studied. In this case, fractures do not form a continuous conductive network and can communicate hydraulically with only the horizontal producer well. In order to do that, a simulator for three-dimensional oil flow in reservoirs, suitable for applications in the field scale, already developed, using the Cartesian coordinate system and a finite difference approach, will be applied for the study of hydraulically fractured horizontal wells. Originally, this simulator and its grid refinement tools had been used only on the simulation of naturally fractured reservoirs. The nonlinear partial differential equation resulting from physical-mathematical modeling, written in terms of pressure, will be solved numerically after discretization and linearization using the Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient method. The main objective is to study the combined effects of hydraulic fractures and horizontal well on the wellbore pressure profile, considering different light tight oil production scenarios. Numerical simulations displayed the influence of important parameters on the well-reservoir system in study, such as fracture permeability and matrix porosity. A study of this type is relevant on the discussion of reservoir production strategies, helping on the decisions about a hydraulic fracturing operation in order to obtain economic viability for the hydrocarbons recovery project.

Keywords: reservoir simulation, light tight oil, horizontal well, hydraulic fracturing, nite diferences method.
Encáostica, a Engenharia do Caos: Construindo Sistemas Acadêmicos Dinâmicos
Authors: Serpa Nilo
Published: April 2018

The aim of this theoretical study is to present and discuss a chaotic simulation model addressed to understand how an academic environment can evolve from chaos to stabilized states, providing a consistent basis to support new methodological initiatives that promote changes in the current paradigm of education. Simulations are given as representations of academic systems consisting of researchers and professors interacting within a change-resistant environment. Well-defined attractors are found in all simulations.

 

Key words: computational simulation, modeling, attractor, chaos. 
The Psychological State of Family Members Who Have Experienced Various Forms of Suicide of a Loved One (Single Attempt, Chronic Suicide, Completed Suicide)
Authors: Borisonik E.V. , Kholmogorova A.B.
Published: April 2018

The suicidal behavior of a member of a family influences the emotional well-being of his/her relatives. This paper presents the results of a pilot study of emotional well-being, coping strategies and characteristics of the family system among relatives of persons with suicidal behavior. The study involved 40 people, the total sample was divided into three subgroups: relatives of patients who survived the first suicide attempt (n = 16); relatives of patients after multiple suicide attempts (n = 10); relatives of persons who committed suicide (n = 14). In the first part of the study, the symptoms of emotional distress were analyzed for the entire sample. Relatives of people with different forms of suicidal behavior are at risk of depression: two-thirds of the combined sample showed increased symptoms of depression. The coping strategies of positive redefinition and personal growth are negatively correlated with symptoms of depression. In the second part of the study, we analyzed differences between subgroups. The severity of the symptoms of depression is significantly higher in the subgroup of relatives of people with completed suicide compared to relatives of those who survived a single suicide attempt, the indicators of hardiness and cohesion of the family system are lower in the families of people with multiple suicide attempts compared to other forms of suicidal behavior.
New Practices of Interacting with Parents of Preschool and Schoolchildren in Finland
Authors: Protassova E.Y.
Published: April 2018

The article considers how the pre-primary and primary institutions abroad put their aims in collaboration with parents in the changing situation of children’s upbringing and education. The main contents of such activity is to inform, to consult, to involve them into the educational process and extra-curricular occupations, as well as to help families in need. Parents participate in the decision-making; they take into account the children’s opinions whenever it is possible. The article demonstrates how to ensure the basics of the effective communication between parents and educators and gives examples how to organize events for families with children. It speaks about the new directions in working with parents that are developed in Finland and in the world. It reports the results of the Interreg Baltic project, which took place in 2015—2017 in Latvia, Finland and Estonia and was oriented towards cooperation with the Russian-speaking parents whose children become bilingual.
ESTRATÉGIA DE PRODUÇÃO: UMA ABORDAGEM SOBRE SUA OPERACIONALIZAÇÃO EM PROPRIEDADES RURAIS PRODUTORAS DE SOJA
Authors: Stiegler Camyla Piran Leitner , Sznitowski Adelice Minetto
Published: April 2018

O processo de planejamento da estratégia de produção compreende certos níveis de planejamento. De ordem macro para micro tem-se em primeiro plano a estratégia corporativa; dela faz parte a estratégia competitiva que abrange as prioridades competitivas. A partir das prioridades competitivas, juntamente às decisões estruturais e infraestruturais, forma-se a estratégia de produção. Foi com foco nesse nível de decisão que o estudo se desenvolveu tendo como objeto produtores de soja do município de Campo Novo do Parecis-MT. Para isso foi realizada pesquisa de campo com aplicação de questionários aos produtores rurais acerca da relevância das decisões estruturais e infraestruturais para o planejamento de safra. No estudo buscou-se: a) identificar o perfil das propriedades rurais b) verificar quais são as decisões adotadas pelos produtores e c) elencar os tipos de decisões considerando as decisões estruturais e as decisões infraestruturais para os produtores de soja. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam que todos os agricultores, em seu processo decisório da função produção, levam em conta os fatores estruturais e infraestruturais, sendo possível verificar que as decisões quanto às tecnologias são as mais relevantes nos fatores estruturais e, gestão da qualidade, planejamento e controle da produção e organização se destacam nas decisões infraestruturais.
Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion (TRAP) Syndrome or acardiac twin: a case report in Madagascar
Authors: Rabetsimamanga Lyn Z. A. , Rabarikoto Hary F. , Rajaonarivony Maheriandrianina F. V. , Ravoavy Setriny M. , Andrianampanalinarivo Hery R.
Published: April 2018

TRAP syndrome is a rare complication of monochorionic twin pregnancy. It is characterized by the association of an acardiac twin with a healthy twin. The acardiac twin is a parasite who put the healthy twin at high risk of cardiac failure. We report a case in a 25-year-old Malagasy woman, primigravida, who had a consultation at gestational week 31 for significant dyspnea and a threat of premature delivery. Ultrasound scans discovered an acute polyhydramnios, fetus with anasarca and low cardiac activity, and a para-fetal mass. She gives birth to a male newborn and an acardiac twin without head an upper body. The first twin died short time after birth.
Habilidades de argumentación. Una propuesta para el planteamiento de posibles soluciones a los conflictos interpersonales
Authors: Rodríguez Ortiz Angélica María , Coral Cadena Rosa Elmira , Andino María Guadalupe , Portilla Óscar William
Published: April 2018

El presente artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación en torno a la influencia del desarrollo de habilidades argumentativas en el planteamiento de posibles soluciones a los conflictos interpersonales que se presentan en el entorno escolar. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo, en el cual se diseñó una unidad didáctica desde la estrategia del análisis de dilemas morales, a partir de situaciones conflictivas presentadas en el aula —adaptados al modelo de desarrollo moral de Kohlberg—. El estudio permitió la comprensión del concepto de conflicto interpersonal y el uso de la argumentación para el planteamiento de posibles soluciones sustentadas en argumentos razonados y razonables. La investigación permitió concluir que el desarrollo de habilidades argumentativas les brinda a los estudiantes herramientas conceptuales y metodológicas para afrontar situaciones de conflicto interpersonal de forma constructiva, de manera que se planteen soluciones argumentadas.
Ergenlerde İnternet Bağımlılığı ve Psikolojik Belirtilerin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: Taş İbrahim
Published: April 2018

Bu
araştırmada internet bağımlılığı ile psikolojik belirtiler arasındaki ilişki
incelenmiş ve bu kavramlar çeşitli değişkenler açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
Araştırma İstanbul’da farklı liselerde öğrenim gören 167’si (% 39.7) kadın
254’ü (%60.3) erkek olmak üzere toplam 421 öğrenci üzerinde yürütülmüştür.
Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak İnternet Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ve Kısa
Semptom Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada internet bağımlılığı ile
psikolojik belirtiler arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
İnternet bağımlılığının anne baba tutumları ve internete girme amacına göre
anlamlı şekilde farklılaştığı ve internette kalma süresi ile ilişkili olduğu
tespit edilmiştir. Psikolojik belirtilerin cinsiyet, anne baba tutumları ve
sınıf değişkenine göre anlamlı şekilde farklılaştığı yaş ve internette kalma
süresi ile ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca psikolojik belirtilerin
interneti kullanma amacına göre anlamlı şekilde farklılaşmadığı tespit
edilmiştir.
Muş İli Özelinde Doğal Tarım ve Hayvancılığa Dayalı Sürdürülebilir Bir Ekonomik Gelişim
Authors: Arslan Ömer
Published: April 2018

Muş
ili, Türkiye'nin üçüncü büyük iç ovasına (Muş Ovası) ev sahipliği yapmaktadır.
Bununla birlikte Malazgirt, Bulanık ve Liz ovaları da Muş ili sınırları
içerisinde yer almaktadır. Başta Muş Ovası olmak üzere Muş’ta yer alan ovalarda
şimdiye kadar konvansiyonel tarım yapılmadığından, bu ovalar kimyasal gübre ve
ilaçlamalardan etkilenmemiş ve temiz kalabilmiştir. İlin ovaları dışında kalan
toprakları dağlık veya engebelidir.  Bu
dağlık ve engebeli topraklarda mera alanları ağırlıktadır ve buralarda %80
oranında mera hayvancılığı yapılmaktadır. Dünyada ve ülkemizde sağlıklı
beslenme konusunda gittikçe yükselen bir bilinçlenmeye bağlı olarak doğal
gıdaya rağbet gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bu artan talebi karşılayacak toprak
alanlarının sınırlı olmasından dolayı da doğal gıda fiyatları konvansiyonel
gıdaya göre oldukça yüksektir.  Ancak Muş
ili bu iki potansiyelini pazarda iyi değerlendiremediği için Türkiye'nin
sosyo-ekonomik açıdan en az gelişmiş kentlerinden biridir.  Bu araştırmada, Muş ilinin doğal tarım ve
hayvancılıktaki potansiyelini değerlendirebilmek için ilin geçmişten günümüze
ekonomik gelişimiyle birlikte ilin SWOT analizi göz önünde bulundurularak tarım
ve hayvancılığa dayalı sürdürülebilir ve katma değeri olan bir ekonomik gelişim
için yapılması gerekenler tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Imagining Geography: National Identity, Narrative and Bordering
Authors: GÖRENTAŞ Bilal
Published: April 2018

This paper explores the relationships between
three interconnected research domains: national identity, narrative and border.
These three concepts are crucial to produce and re-produce geography. This
paper introduces these three concepts and explores how they are connected to
each other, in order to draw a conceptual framework to understand and study
national identities in relation to borders and narratives. The paper argues
that national identities are historically modern constructs produced through
narratives, internalised, multiple and subject to change. Narratives and
discourses are significant to produce and reproduce these identities. Thus,
narratives and identities are interdependent. This paper also argues that national
identities are directly related to borders. By border concept, this paper does
not only refer to a physical line or fences on space, but bordering as a
process through which social and spatial homogenisations and differentiations
occur. It is this bordering process that gives significance to identities.
Quinaldinium Chlorochromate(VI), (QnCC) Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols with Periodic Acid Under Solvent-Free Conditions and Microwave Irradition
Authors: Canbulat Özdemir Melek
Published: April 2018

The economic synthesis of quinaldinium
chlorochromate(VI), C10H9NH[CrO3Cl], (QnCC)
was performed by using a 1:1:1 stoichiometric amounts of CrO3, HCl
(aq) and quinaldine. QnCC was isolated in 99% yield as an orange crystalline
solid and characterized with FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. An
efficient, selective, and environmentally friendly oxidation of alcohols with
1.1 equiv. periodic acid (H5IO6) catalyzed by QnCC (2 mol%)
is described. The primary and secondary alcohols were oxidized to their
corresponding aldehydes and ketones under solvent-free conditions at room
temperature and MW irradiation in high to excellent yields.