bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information Security Of Estonia: Experience For Ukraine
Authors: Zinych L.V.
Published: February 2020

The article deals with features of information security in the Republic of Estonia. It is noted that the main factors that have helped to increase the level of information security in Estonia are the developed information infrastructure, effective cybersecurity policy and reliable protection of personal data. Cybersecurity depends on a combination of cybercrime, provision of critical infrastructure and e-services, and national defense.

In the area of personal data protection, it is reasonable to create a private data market where companies and researchers propose to submit a date of use and license / lease / sale related to offers or license, lease, sell or withdraw their data from use.

Analyzing the experience of the Republic of Estonia in information security, there are several factors that have become the basis for the creation of a secure information environment. First, only a comprehensive information policy enables the security of enterprises, institutions, organizations and the state as a whole.

Secondly, Estonia has made every effort to ensure cybersecurity (as a component of information security) and has created favorable conditions for the arrival of foreign IT companies with significant capital and innovation.

Third, in the context of information security, considerable attention in Estonia is given to the protection and use of personal data, which is carried out as transparently as possible, using digital signatures and encrypted messages.

Practical recommendations for Ukraine’s acquisition of Estonia’s information security experience are provided. We believe that raising the level of information security will help a number of the following activities: 1) Create a working group with the involvement of international experts to develop the concept of information security and regulatory support for its activities 2) Ensure the creation of a single national electronic information resource in the concept of information security. 3) Enter a unique national ID for the individual. 4) Create a single secure web portal for electronic services with the possibility of creating electronic offices of individuals for receiving administrative services. Keywords: information security, cybersecurity, information infrastructure, personal data.
The Place Of Criminal Policy In The Political And Legal System
Authors: Kozych I.V.
Published: February 2020

In the article the author states that the policy in the sphere of combating crime, and like all its components, is a generic concept to the more general concept of «state policy». Therefore, it is advisable to combine the study of the concept of “criminal policy” with the understanding of “politics” in general and “policies in the field of combating crime” in particular.

Politics is an important component of the functioning of the state. In connection with this literature, there are occasional terms that clearly indicate a close link between law and policy, between subjects of legal and political influence. Issues of different areas of law are increasingly being considered from both a legal and a political point of view.

It is worth noting that lawmaking is a manifestation of state power. Laws are nothing but the way in which a particular political line is put into practice. The rules of law, as well as their judicial application and interpretation, determine the formal basis of political activity, while at the same time establishing an important tool for accountability and accountability of public authorities and restrictions on their activities.

It is established that the criminal policy on the basis of the general policy in the field of combating crime develops a strategy and tactics, formulates the main tasks and directions of the criminal-law influence on crime and criminals. State influence on specific objects and phenomena on the part of subjects and institutes of policy in the field of combating crime within the framework of criminal law policy can be differentiated depending on the activity in question. These subspecies do not have the parameters of an independent crime subsystem, but function in it as relatively independent varieties.
Humanitarian And Socio-Economic Consequences Of Motorization In Ukraine: The Criminogenic Aspect
Authors: Medytskyi I.B.
Published: February 2020

The article substantiates the necessity of obligatory consideration of criminological information on the consequences of motor crimes in order to increase the effectiveness of criminological and criminal legal policies. Criminologically relevant information on the consequences of motor vehicle crime is characterized by its incompleteness and fragmentation, without giving an idea of the true «price» of this variety for Ukrainian society. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of the consequences of the phenomenon, the attention was paid to the scale and social danger of motor crime in modern conditions.

Based on the analysis of statistical information of the courts and law enforcement agencies over the past five years, the level of road traffic injuries is outlined, the dynamics compared to the previous year is revealed, the characteristics of the victims of criminal offenses in the field of road safety and transport operation are specified, the size of the caused material and moral damage. In the criminogenic context, an analysis of the humanitarian (the number of dead and injured as a result of road accidents) and the socio-economic consequences of motorization in the country (the cost of human life and the total losses from road accidents).

Existing approaches to determining the cost of human life and the overall level of losses to the state as a result of road accidents have been systematized. Taking into account the average life expectancy, macroeconomic indicators of the state development, the average age of those killed as a result of criminal violations of traffic safety rules or the operation of transport, and the number of victims, the total economic losses for the society for 2018 were determined.

It has been stated that the practice of application by the courts of separate criminal law rules on crimes against traffic safety and operation of transport does not correlate with the declared Criminal Code of Ukraine for the purpose of punishment for the committed, as well as general and special prevention.
Drug Resistance Evolution in HIV in the Late 1990s: Hard Sweeps, Soft Sweeps, Clonal Interference and the Accumulation of Drug Resistance Mutations
Authors: Williams Kadie-Ann , Pennings Pleuni
Published: February 2020

The evolution of drug resistance in pathogens such as HIV is an important and widely known example in the field of evolutionary medicine. Here, we focus on a unique data set from the late 1990s with multiple viral sequences from multiple time points in 118 patients. We study patterns of evolutionary dynamics in the viral populations in these patients who were treated with Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors and Protease Inhibitors in the late 1990s. Specifically, we aim to visualize and analyze examples of population genetic processes such as selective sweeps and clonal interference. The figures and descriptions in this paper can be used in evolution and population genetics classes. We show and analyze a wide variety of patterns, specifically: soft sweeps, hard sweeps, softening sweeps and hardening sweeps, simultaneous sweeps, accumulation of mutations and clonal interference.
INTEGRATED BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH DURING THE EXCAVATIONS IN KYIV-PECHERSK RESERVE IN 2016
Authors: Taranenko Serhiy , Horbanenko Serhiy , Kovalchuk Oleksandr , Horobets Leonid , Serheyeva Maryna , Puchkov Pavlo
Published: February 2020

The co-authors represent the results of complex bio-archaeological definitions from archaeological research in 2016 (excavation 1, construction 1) on the territory of the National Kyiv-Pechersk Historical and Cultural Reserve in this paper.After using the method of flotation, they obtained a small amount of palaeoethnobotanical material (leguminous plants, and millet), as well as anthracological remains (charcoal of pine and oak, indeterminate deciduous trees). After using the screen-washing of the soil, fish remains were obtained; these bonesbelonged to Russian sturgeon, common bream, northern pike and common perch. The more prominent remains of mammals (cattle, sheep or goat, and pig) and birds (domestic goose and chicken) were obtained through the ‘classic’ way (i.e., during the excavations).Thus, the obtained data characterized the diet of the holder of the construction 1. However, it is not possible to specify the proportion of specific products in this diet at this stage of our research. It can be only concluded that they were quite ordinary, so the acquisition of finished food should cause its appearance; such a result was probably not associated with the economic activity of cultivation of these products.
DECOMMUNIZATION OF THE NAMES OF THE SETTLEMENTS AND REGIONS IN UKRAINE: THE BASIS, THE PROCESS, AND THE RESULTS
Authors: Korolenko Bohdan , Karetnikov Ihor , Maiorov Maksym
Published: February 2020

For almost eight months - from November 2015 to July 2016 - the most significant number of settlements in Ukraine since independence got new names. The names were changed following the Law of Ukraine “On Condemnation of Communist and National Socialist (Nazi) Totalitarian Regimes and Prohibition of Propaganda of Their Symbolism" (No. 317-VIII of April 9, 2015). This article describes the grounds, the course of preparation for the decommunization of the names of settlements and districts of Ukraine, renaming principles, analyzes their quantitative and qualitative indicators, as well as summarizes the experience of the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory (UINP) - a government body that prepared for the Verkhovna Rada Ukraine's recommendations. The authors state that during the specified time, the Verkhovna Rada adopted 13 resolutions renaming 987 settlements and 25 districts. The authors note that the most significant number of renamed units of the administrative and territorial structure is in the territory of Donetsk, Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovsk regions (oblast). Named in honour of the October Revolution of 1917, the names disappeared from the map of Ukraine; V. Lenin, G. Petrovsky, S. Kirov, V. Chapayev and others. However, more than 300 historical names have been restored, of which about 70 belong to the cultural heritage of the national communities of Ukraine - Crimean Tatars, Bulgarians, Greeks, Jews, etc. At the same time, authors emphasize that the proposals of new names that commemorate the events of Revolution 1917-1921 or the Ukrainian soldiers killed in the ATO were submitted by the Expert Commission at the Ukrainian National Memory Institute. Local self-government bodies and local executive bodies were not keen to preserve the local cultural and historical heritage, they were mostly guided by the principle of harmony (Kalininsky-Kalinovo) or chose typical, "neutral" names (Stepove, Vyshneve). As the Verkhovna Rada Committee favoured the "will of the local community", many of the original proposals of the Expert Committee of Ukrainian National Memory Institute remained unfulfilled. Summarizing, the authors note that despite some adverse circumstances, the decommunization of the names on the map of Ukraine has been successful.
KHARKIV TOPONYMY: STAGES OF DECOMMUNIZATION
Authors: Takhtaulova Mariya
Published: February 2020

In the artiсle, the author has analyzed a practical application of the Law of Ukraine “On Denouncing the Communist and the National-Socialist (Nazi) Totalitarian Regimes in Ukraine and Banning the Propaganda of their Symbols" on the example of Kharkiv-city urbanonims renaming. The author focused on the transformation of Kharkiv toponymy retrospectively.The mass renaming of the city streets that had happened in 1894 and 1936. The author describes the way those renaming proceeded. An urban place-network organizing and getting rid of numerous repetitions had become the primary purpose ofrenaming in 1894. The purpose of renaming in 1936 was to change an urban culturalspace in accordance with the Bolshevik ideology.The primary attention in the article was given to the process of Kharkiv-city toponymy decommunization during 2015‒2016. Participation of civil society in the renaming project making, as well as the cooperation of local government with the state authorities, was highlighted. Lists of toponymic changes proposedby the local government and Kharkiv Regional State Administration were analyzed. The general trends and approaches in the toponymic policy of the local government and Kharkiv Regional State Administration were determined. There were found the primary sources of urbanonims nomination and graphically represented their quantitative composition. The first two stages of the city toponym decommunization were conducted by the session decision of the Kharkiv City Council and the City Mayor Kernes order. The author notes that the mayor's office showed a tendency to conserve the existing toponymic landscape, which was manifested in many pseudo renamings, tended to preserve the existing names, and where it was impossible to avoid renaming, preferred neutral names. Names of contemporary Ukraine heroes, fighters for Ukrainian statehood in the 20th century, and symbolic names had an obvious advantage in this list of renaming.
REVIEW AND RATINGS OF SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS OF URBAN STUDIES
Authors: Okhrimenko Oleksandr
Published: February 2020

The review of the academic journals on urban studies shows a pattern of periodicals from their founding to the present. The development of scientific bulletins associated with growing research centres and urban studies in general. The early period of 1960’s-1980’s connected with rising of national schools of this direction of science. During this time the periodicals in nationallanguages prevalent. With the globalization of nowadays, the predominance of publication in English is observed. It is noted the current change of the form of publication – from the paper to electronic – and modifying of journals’ role as a form of communication and presentation of research results. The author reviewed the journal by the national schools and made notes on access to the publication via the Internet, publishers’ websites. The leading American journals on urban studies (such as Journal of Urban Economics, Urban Geography, Journal of Urban Planning and Development) show the diversity of direction of urban studies and the importance of interdisciplinary in researches. British bulletins (International Journal ofUrban and Regional Research, Urban Studies Journal, Cities: The International Journal of Urban Policy and Planning etc.) have the highest ranking and influence. The Netherlands journals (Regional Science and Economics, Landscape and Urban Planning) gathered on the editorial boards the international teams of experts for achieving the high ranking. French publications of SAPIENS and Historie Urbaine are relatively ‘young’ and growing at nationalurban studies centres. Italian Scienze Regionali, Territorio, Città e Storia, polish Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series journals are developing at university centres and display the socio-geographical approach of urban studies. The author notes the editors of journals as the prominent research of urban studies.The review gives three rankings on urban studies journals – Web of Science, Google Scholar, SCImago Journal, and Country Rank. It shows the dominance of the Anglo-American system of academic journal publishing.As a conclusion, the author shows that successful modern academic journal on urban studies is edited in English at the science centre with the international editorial board, it has both paper and web version with quarterly at the least regularity of issuing.
Las mujeres rurales y su derecho a la tierra: retos de la política pública en Colombia
Authors: Sanabria Torres Luisa Paola , Gómez Mendoza María Juliana
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo es resultado de una experiencia en la formulación y ejecución de la política pública de restitución de tierras y del acompañamiento al programa de ordenamiento social de la propiedad rural de la Agencia Nacional de Tierras. La incorporación del enfoque de género en estas políticas involucra tres elementos centrales: el reconocimiento de las mujeres como propietarias de los predios, el aumento de su participación en espacios de decisión y la promoción del reconocimiento de los derechos de las mujeres entre los funcionarios públicos.
Del “vivir bien” al “buen vivir” entre la economía feminista, la filantropía y la migración: hacia la búsqueda de alternativas
Authors: Acosta Salgado Grace Alexandra
Published: February 2020

Reseña del libro: Del “vivir bien” al “buen vivir” entre la economía feminista, la filantropía y la migración: hacia la búsqueda de alternativas
Aportes y críticas feministas sobre la incorporación de las mujeres y el enfoque de género en el desarrollo
Authors: Montealegre Mongrovejo Diana Maria
Published: February 2020

Este artículo de revisión crítica de literatura académica realiza un recorrido sobre las contribuciones más influyentes de diversos feminismos a la relación mujeres, género y desarrollo. Se prioriza la literatura que hace énfasis en los logros y los fracasos de la incorporación de las mujeres y el enfoque de género en el marco institucionalizado del desarrollo, y aquella que hace énfasis en las limitaciones de los marcos epistemológicos e ideológicos en los que dicha relación se sustenta. A manera de continuidad de este recorrido, se reivindica la necesidad de una descolonialidad feminista de la relación mujeres, género y desarrollo.
A Preliminary Research Study on the Cytotoxicity of Expired and Non-expired Composite Resins: In Vitro Study
Authors: Kazak DDS, PhD Magrur , Donmez DDS, PhD Nazmiye , Bahadori  PhD Fatemeh , Betul Yenigun PhD Vildan , Kocyigit MD, PhD Abdurrahim
Published: February 2020

Objective: Studies have focused on use of non-expired composites. Unfortunately some clinicians still use expired composite resins without considering their effects. The objective of this in vitro preliminary research was to investigate cytotoxicity of expired(6-months) and non-expired composite resins. Materials and methods: Expired (E) and non-expired (NE) samples of one bulk-fill (Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fill [TNB], Ivoclar Vivadent), two nano-hybrid (Tetric N-Ceram [TN], Ivoclar Vivadent; Clearfil Majesty ES-2 [CM], Kuraray) composite resins were tested on L929 fibroblast cells. Medium covering cells was removed then plastic rings (2-mm height) were filled with non-polymerized composite resins, placed in direct contact with cells and polymerized with LED light curing unit (LCU). Three samples were prepared for each group. After polymerization, removed medium was added to the cells. Cells that were left without medium (WOM) and cells that were exposed to LCU were used as positive control groups. Cells without any treatment were used as negative control group (C). Cells were incubated with tested materials for 7-days to evaluate cytotoxicity. Cell viability was calculated by sulforhodamine B test as a percentage (%). One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical analyses (p<0.05). Results: Comparison between E and NE groups of same composite resins did not result in statistically significant differences (p>0.05), except between TN NE and TN E (p<0.05). TN E group was significantly more cytotoxic than TN NE group. When NE composite resin groups were compared to each other, statistically significant difference was only obtained between TNB NE and TN NE (p<0.05). Among all tested groups, TN NE group showed the least cytotoxic profile. No statistically significant differences were determined when E composite resin groups were compared to each other (p>0.05). All experimental groups compared with C group showed statistically significant cytotoxicity (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference existed between LCU and C groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: In clinical practice, expired composite resins should never be used. Although a correlation was found between expiration dates of nano-hybrid composite resins and cell viability, opposite data were obtained for bulk-fill composite resin. Researches are still required to evaluate biocompatibility of bulk-fill composite resins at various thicknesses with current LCUs.
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Self-Adhesive Composites for Amalgam Repair with or Without Alloy Primer, in Terms of Shear Bond Strength
Authors: Ayse Sanal DDS, PhD Fatma , Guler DDS, PhD Derya
Published: February 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-adhesive composites in amalgam repair as time-saving alternatives to universal bonding-universal composite materials, with or without the usage of Alloy Primer in terms of shear bond strength. Materials and Methods: Forty-two disc-shaped amalgam samples were prepared by condensing into 6×2 mm holes in acrylic resin blocks, sandblasted with 50 μm Al2O3 and randomly divided into 6 groups according to repair material [Constic (Group C), Fusio Liquid Dentin (Group FLD), Universal bonding+Universal composite (Group Control), Alloy Primer+Constic (Group APC), Alloy Primer+Fusio Liquid Dentin (Group APFLD), Alloy Primer+Universal bonding+Universal composite (Group APControl)]. After shear bond strength test, the fracture modes were determined under a digital microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: The highest shear bond strength values were obtained for Fusio Liquid Dentin, among the three repair materials when Alloy Primer was not applied (p<0.05). Usage of Alloy Primer increased shear bond strength values of the investigated repair materials to amalgam, except Fusio Liquid Dentin. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present research, it can be concluded that; the investigated self-adhesive composite materials could be time-saving alternatives to the Universal bonding+Universal composite for the purpose of amalgam repair, in terms of shear bond strength. The clinicians could prefer Fusio Liquid Dentin self-adhesive composite material without Alloy Primer application for the purpose of amalgam repair in non-cooperative patients.
Variación espacial de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en la zona litoral del humedal costero Santa Rosa, Lima, Perú
Authors: Castillo Velásquez Rodolfo Mauricio , Huamantinco Araujo Ana Asunción
Published: February 2020

Coastal wetlands are sensitive ecosystems of high productivity because of the ecosystem services that they provide, like water purification, flood reduction, protection of marine coasts. In addition, coastal wetlands are places of great biological diversity. The objective of the present study was to determine the community structure of the benthic macroinvertebrates in relation to the spatial variations in the littoral zone of the Santa Rosa wetland, Lima, Peru. The study was divided into six bimonthly periods from August 2015 to June 2016, we established eight sampling sites: three sites in the main lagoon, two sites in the lagoon arm and two sites in isolated small pools. We carried out the sampling with a hand net of 250μm mesh aperture with 3 replicas for each site. The 8 sites evaluated were environmentally characterized, the physicochemical parameters of the water were recorded for each sampling site and the variations of the water level of the wetland in each sampling campaign were determined through a wooden post with marks in centimeters. We collected a total of 28655 organisms distributed in 76 species. Diptera and Coleoptera were the orders with greatest richness, with 24 and 19 species respectively. The most abundant species were Buenoa sp. (Hemiptera: Notonectidae), Ischnura sp. (Odonata: Coenagrionidae), Chironomus sp. and Goeldichironomus sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae); these four genera represented 62.43% of the total abundance. In the spatial variation, most sites shared the same structure and composition of macroinvertebrates; this was expected because they are connected to the main water body temporarily or permanently, which consequently gives them greater stability and resilience. Only the sites with less depth and extension on the one side and scarce aquatic vegetation and anthropogenic impact on the other side were separated from the general set. Despite the variety of impacts that the wetland suffers, it was observed that the deeper and more vegetated sites are more resilient than the areas exposed to impact and with less water and vegetation. On the other hand, the physicochemical parameters of water at one site (E1) differentiate the community in the absence of impact.
Variation of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in streams of three landscapes of South Brazilian grasslands
Authors: Galeti Gabriela , Capitanio Bruna Maria , Baldissera Ronei
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Aquatic ecosystems in southern Brazil are presently under great environmental pressure. Changes in land use result in negative impacts on the ecosystem, affecting the functioning of stream communities. Objective: To compare the benthic macroinvertebrate community richness, abundances and compositions in streams of three South Brazilian grassland landscapes and correlate community patterns with environmental and spatial variables. Methods: Fifteen streams along riparian forests were selected in three landscapes (mean geographical distance of 285.1 km) inserted in the Paraná and Uruguai river basins. Of the three landscapes, two are inserted in conservation units (State Park of Guartelá and Palmas Wildlife Refuge). Invertebrates were collected in 20 kick net points along 150 m of the streams between June and November 2015. Invertebrates were sorted in the laboratory with three sieves and were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. The taxa were classified in functional feeding groups of shredders/detritivores, predators, scrapers, collectors/filters and gatherers/collectors. For each stream, we measured the environmental variables width and velocity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature; and the relative cover of forest, grassland, plantation and silviculture in the catchments. Results: We found a total of 1 058 individuals, divided in 53 morphospecies and 34 families. Lower abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates was found in the northernmost landscape with higher temperature, and forest in the catchment. These streams were described mainly by predator groups, while streams inserted in the other two landscapes showed a more diverse guild composition of shredders/detritivores, gatherers/collectors, collectors/filterers, and scrapers. Geographical distance was the main factor influencing differences in community compositions among landscapes. Conclusions: Lower abundance of the northernmost landscape may be explained by (i) the low habitat heterogeneity due to dominance of sandy substrates, and by (ii) the anthropogenic land use of agriculture and extensive cattle breeding in the region that is ongoing and started before the creation of the conservation unit. Additionally, composition of macroinvertebrates may be correlated with environmental differences among landscapes that, in turn, are related to the geographical distance. Therefore, macroinvertebrate community responses may reflect different biota biogeographical histories that can also be associated with historical land use practices.
Potential distribution of the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Decapoda: Penaeidae), an invasive species in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Petatán-Ramírez David , Hernández Luis , Becerril-García Edgar Eduardo , Berúmen-Solórzano Penélope , Auliz-Ortiz Daniel , Reyes-Bonilla Héctor
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Invasive species are considered the second cause of extinction of native species after habitat loss. The impacts of invasive species have serious economic implications since the presence of this type of species can result in a decrease in ecosystem services granted to humans. In marine systems, some human activities such as maritime transport and aquaculture have favored the dispersion of invasive species, especially those with commercial importance. This paper describes the potential distribution of the tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, an invasive species along the American Atlantic coast. Objective: To describe a potential distribution model of Penaeus monodon in the American Atlantic region and compare the environmental characteristics of this region with those of the Indo-Pacific original niche conditions. Methods: Using geographic and environmental data, we constructed and tested three models to determine the efficiency of MaxEnt v. 3.3 software in predicting new areas for the distribution of this invasive shrimp species. Geographic data were downloaded from such web sites as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, the Ocean Biogeographic Information System, and the United States Geological Survey, as well from literature. Environmental data were downloaded from Bio-Oracle v2.0 data base. The three tested models were: 1) the first was created using only recordings of Penaeus monodon from the Indo-Pacific (its origin zone) and then projected to the Atlantic (native model); 2) the second was built using only recordings from the invaded area; the training and projection area of this model was the Atlantic (invasive model); 3) the third included recordings from both the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic regions, and the model was trained and projected jointly in both areas (complete model). We extracted the values of the three models for each tiger shrimp sightings in the invaded area; sightings with values ³ 0.5 were considered as valid prediction of occurrence of the species. Results: We found that the following variables explained 80 % of species distribution: phosphates from the ocean surface, coastal type, chlorophyll a, and maximum bottom temperature. In terms of the models’ ability to predict the occurrences reported in the Atlantic, results were as follows: Native model had a prediction index of 40 %; Invasive model was able to predict 81 % of recordings; and complete model predicted 92 % of total occurrences reported in the invaded area. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that based on the complete model, the countries where the tiger shrimp could establish itself are Mexico and Cuba. Continuous monitoring and conservation actions are relevant in the countries where this species is currently established, as well of those countries with potential for invasions.
Estimación de la edad de Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae) a partir del diámetro normal en poblaciones del sureste mexicano
Authors: Hernández Ramos Jonathan , Valdez-Hernández Juan Ignacio , García-Cuevas Xavier , Tadeo-Noble Alfredo Esteban , Reyes-Hernández Valentín José
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Swietenia macrophylla King (Mahogany) is the most commercially important tree species in Southeastern of Mexico and is used as a guide in forest management. Therefore, knowing its age and growth rates is essential for the sustainability of timber harvest. Objective: Estimate the age (Et) from the ‘step time’ (Tp) method and calculate the absolute (TCA) and relative (TCR) growth rates for Swietenia macrophylla in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Methods: Equations were adjusted to calculate TCA and TCR with periodic re-measured for 15 years of the normal diameter (d) in 403 S. macrophylla trees in Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Tp and Et were determined for the calculation of the annual current increase (ICA) and average annual increase (IMA), to define the commercial and technical shifts. Results: The maximum TCR was reached at 28 cm of d (0.015 cm year-1) (thinning application), whereas the highest TCA (0.69 cm year-1) and lower Tp (3.5 years) at 55 cm of d (commercial shift). The maximum ICA when considering Et was 1.43 cm in the 50 cm of diametric category with an IMA of 0.67 cm year-1 at an age of 75 years, while the technical shift (ICA = IMA) was reached at 96 years (increments of 0.78 cm year-1). Conclusions: Through periodic measurements of the normal diameter in S. macrophylla it is possible to obtain its age, these results also can be used to elaborate management programs and apply silvicultural practices that propitiate the diametric increase in Quintana Roo.
Physician Burnout Quality of Life/ Wellness Resource Pilot Program
Authors: Harvey Felicia
Published: February 2020

Burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a sense of low personal accomplishment that leads to decreased effectiveness at work (American Journal of Medicine, 2003). Despite the efforts to combat burnout, the number of U.S. physicians who experience burnout rose from 45 percent to over 50 percent between 2011 and 2014 (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2015).

The purpose of this quality improvement evidence-based capstone project was to determine whether a physician wellness pilot program can reduce and or eliminate burnout and stress for practicing physicians at an acute care healthcare institution in the Chicago metropolitan area.  The capstone project consisted of a pre-intervention survey, an intervention and a post intervention survey.  The participants targeted for this evidence-based project were practicing physicians in Illinois that span across all specialty groups. 

The physician burnout wellness pilot program was implemented during a two-week period of time during which participants were provided with resources to reduce and or eliminate symptoms of burnout.  The implementation of the physician wellness pilot program capstone project showed the physicians at this organization were less stressed and more satisfied with their job at (0.555) percent compared to pre intervention survey results that faired (0.77) and that of the national average of (0.80).  Additionally, the post intervention survey results showed the physicians at this organization are experiencing a lower level of burnout (0.44) percent compared to pre intervention survey results that faired (0.53), but a higher level of burnout compared to the national average (0.29).

Physician burnout is an epidemic that requires immediate attention because it not only effects the physicians, but it effects the healthcare system. As such, regardless of the specialty and demographics of the physicians, organizations and physicians alike must do their part in assessing if burnout exists.  The findings showed the importance of physicians being able to recognize the warning signs of burnout, encourage them to seek help when they are stressed, and take active steps towards ridding or reducing burnout. The findings were compatible with evidence-based research that supports building physician resilience by way of the development of a wellness program.
ANALISA NUMERIK TSUNAMI PANGANDARAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP MITIGASI BENCANA
Authors: Alfaris Lulut , Baswantara Arif , Suhernalis Suhernalis
Published: February 2020

Lempeng Eurasia adalah lempeng tektonik terbesar ketiga yang berada di daerah Eurasia, daratan yang terdiri dari benua Eropa dan Asia. Lempeng Sunda merupakan bagian dari Lempeng Eurasia yang rumit secara tektonik dan aktif secara seismik.Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan karakterisik pola patahan akibat gempabumi tanggal 17 Juli 2006 di Laut Selatan Jawa dengan sumber data dari katalog gempa bumi USGS. Analisis bola fokus bahwa gempa tanggal 17 Juli 2006 dengan koordinat 9.3° S dan 107.4° E adalah kombinasi sesar mendatar dan sesar naik atau jenis sesar ini disebut juga oblique. Hasil analisis 3D Focal Mechanism dan perhitungan rumus empiris menunjukkan bahwa terjadinya penjalaran gelombang tsunami (Tsunami Travel Time) kedaerah pantai dipesisir Jawa selatan mempunyai waktu sekitar 30 menit, sehingga diperlukan kesiapsiagaan dalam menghadapi bencana. The Eurasian Plate is the third largest tectonic plate in the Eurasia region, a land consisting of Europe and Asia. The Sunda Plate is part of the Eurasian Plate which is complicated by tectonics and seismically active. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of the fault patterns due to the earthquake on 17 July 2006 in the South Sea of Java with data sources from the USGS earthquake catalog. Focus ball analysis that the earthquake on July 17, 2006 with coordinates 9.3° S and 107.4° E is a combination of horizontal faults and rising faults or this type of fault is also called oblique. The results of the 3D Focal Me chanism analysis and the calculation of empirical formulas indicate that the occurrence of tsunami wave propagation in the coastal areas of South Java approximately 30 minutes, so that preparedness is needed in the face of disasters.
Some analysis on a fractional differential equation with a right-hand side which has a discontinuity at zero
Authors: SERT Uğur , ŞAN Müfit
Published: February 2020

In this article, we consider an initial value problem for a nonlinear differential equation with Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. By proposing a new approach, we prove local existence and uniqueness of the solution when the nonlinear function on the right hand side of the equation under consideration is continuous on $(0,T]\times\mathbb{R}.$**********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Spectral properties of non-selfadjoint Sturm-Liouville operator equation on the real axis
Authors: MUTLU Gökhan , KIR ARPAT Esra
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we analyze the non-selfadjoint Sturm-Liouville operator $L$ defined in the Hilbert space $L_{2}(\mathbb{R},H)$ of vector-valued functions which are strongly-measurable and square-integrable in $ \mathbb{R} $. $L$ is defined \[L(y)=-y''+Q(x)y,\, x\in\mathbb{R} \] for every $ y \in L_{2}(\mathbb{R},H) $ where the potential $Q(x)$ is a non-selfadjoint, completely continuous operator in a separable Hilbert space $H$ for each $x\in \mathbb{R}.$ We obtain the Jost solutions of this operator and examine the analytic and asymptotic properties. Moreover, we find the point spectrum and the spectral singularities of $ L $ and also obtain the sufficient condition which assures the finiteness of the eigenvalues and spectral singularities of $ L $.
Vibration-induced aggregate segregation in asphalt mixtures
Authors: Chen Feng , Jelagin Denis , Partl Manfred N.
Published: February 2020

Aggregate segregation in asphalt mixture is a bothersome engineering issue during pavement construction. The practitioners have some measures to mitigate the segregation potential based on experiences which, however, can only reduce the risk to a certain extent. In this research, the authors aim to contribute to the discussion in a rational non-empirical way, by using novel experimental and numerical techniques. A case study is carried out to investigate the vibration-induced segregation in asphalt mixtures, corresponding to the circumstance arising during material transportation to the construction site. A novel experimental test is conducted for evaluating the segregation characteristics of asphalt mixtures under vertical vibration in laboratory conditions. A numerical investigation based on discrete element method is further performed to study the phenomenon from a micromechanical point of view. The obtained experimental and numerical results indicate that vibratory loading induces aggregate size segregation in asphalt mixtures, and the degree of segregation is influenced profoundly by the adhesive properties of bituminous binders and the aggregate gradation.
When It Comes to Geriatric Assessment, Rome Was Not Built in One Day
Authors: Shahrokni Armin , Lichtman Stuart , Korc-Grodzicki Beatriz
Published: February 2020

Opinions vary on the value of geriatric assessments prior to high-risk therapy for older adults with cancer. This commentary focuses on whether the higher risk of poor outcomes for older patients with cancer can be mitigated by interventions aimed at detecting age-related impairments.
Thermal behaviour of ladle slag mortars containing ferrochrome slag aggregates
Authors: Adesanya Elijah , Karhu Marjaana , Ismailov Arnold , Ohenoja Katja , Kinnunen Paivo , Illikainen Mirja
Published: February 2020

Concretes, depending on their application, may be exposed to elevated temperatures during their lifetime, especially when placed near or in a furnace or during an accidental fire. The thermal stability of alkali-activated mortars and hydrated mortars prepared using ladle slag and two different aggregates was studied. A commercial calcium aluminate cement was used as a comparison for the properties after exposure to temperatures up to 1000°C. All samples were characterised and analysed through a strength test, dilatometric analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, ultrasonic pulse velocity and scanning electron microscopy. The hydrated ladle slag mortars exhibited properties similar to or better than the commercial calcium aluminate cement, while the alkali-activated ladle slag's thermal properties were inferior to the hydrated ladle slag mortars. The tests also showed that the use of ferrochrome slag aggregates in hydrated ladle slag mortars exhibited similar properties to those using sand aggregate mortars. The damage behaviours of the mortars were dependent on the temperature-induced dehydration, dehydroxylation and thermal incompatibility between the paste and aggregates. The results from this study specify the possibilities of using 100% industrial by-product-based mortar and near-zero carbon dioxide emissions as a fire-resistant material in furnaces, buildings and fireplaces.
Asphalt for dam engineering
Authors: Warren Alan L.
Published: February 2020

Asphaltic or bituminous materials have been in common use for dam engineering applications around the world for many decades yet the application of such materials in the UK is relatively rare. Asphalt can be used as part of an upstream face-protection system to counter wave energy or may be used as a sealing element, either on the upstream face or as a central core. The very low permeability and elastoplastic deformation characteristics of asphalt offer significant advantages to the designer under certain circumstances. The paper describes recent advances in practice and guidance on the use of asphalt for dam works.
Reliability-based optimisation for offshore structures using saddlepoint approximation
Authors: Meng Debiao , Hu Zhengguo , Wu Peng , Zhu Shun-Peng , Correia José A. F. O. , De Jesus Abílio M. P.
Published: February 2020

Offshore structures have a long service life and involve high cost. However, the working environment of offshore structures is harsh. When an accident occurs, it causes an adverse social impact and economic loss. Therefore, in the design process of offshore structures, in order to enhance their safety, this is an important problem that needs attention. Reliability-based design and optimisation (RBDO) using saddlepoint approximation (SA) is a powerful method to enhance the reliability of offshore structures. The SA utilises a cumulant generating function and saddlepoint to approximately express the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of a limit-state function. To further improve the accuracy of reliability evaluation in RBDO with SA, in this study, a mean-value second-order SA (MVSOSA) is introduced. A RBDO with MVSOSA strategy is proposed for the design problem of a wellhead platform. An engineering case study illustrates the application of the proposed method.
Investigating the photovoltaic performance of surfactant-assisted MoBi2Se5 thin films
Authors: Joshi Monika P , Kharade Suvarta D , Bhosale Popatrao N
Published: February 2020

Molybdenum bismuth selenide (MoBi2Se5) has been proved to be a promising material for photoelectrochemical solar cell application. As MoBi2Se5 thin films are more corrosion resistant than bismuth (III) selenide (Bi2Se3) thin films, MoBi2Se5 can also be used as a buffer layer due to its distinctive optostructural properties. In this study, the authors synthesized surfactant-assisted nanostructured MoBi2Se5 thin films by using a cost-effective chemical route – namely, the arrested precipitation technique. The synthesized thin films were analyzed for optostructural, surface morphological, compositional and photovoltaic applications using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and their photoelectrochemical solar cell performance was checked. The nanocrystalline nature of MoBi2Se5 thin films was confirmed from the XRD patterns. An increment in the optical bandgap energy was observed with surfactant mediation. The surface morphology of MoBi2Se5 changed from spherical to spongy-ball-like nanofibrous surface morphology after surfactant assistance. Furthermore, both the as-synthesized and surfactant-assisted MoBi2Se5 thin films showed photoelectrochemical solar cell applicability.
Book review
Authors: Rooij Remon
Published: February 2020

Modelling Pedestrian Movement
Variations in the Ionospheric Peak Altitude at Mars in Response to Dust Storms
Authors: Girazian Z , Luppen Z , Morgan D D , Chu F , Montabone L , Thiemann E. M. B , Gurnett D A , Halekas J , Kopf A J , Němec F
Published: February 2020

Previous observations have shown that, during Martian dust storms, the peak of the ionosphere rises in altitude. Observational studies of this type, however, have been extremely limited. Using 13 years of ionospheric peak altitude data from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) instrument on Mars Express, we study how the peak altitude responded to dust storms during six different Mars Years (MY). We find that the peak altitude increased during regional dust storms in MY 27 and MY 33, and during the global dust storm in MY 28. In contrast, we find that the peak altitude did not increase during regional dust storms in MY 29 and MY 32, nor during the global dust storm in MY 34. Our results suggest that the response of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere to dust storms is dependent on several factors, including latitude, solar zenith angle, solar cycle conditions, and the magnitude of the dust storm.