bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemilihan Berita Headline Menggunakan Metode Multifactor Evaluation Process (MFEP) Berbasis Sistem Pendukung Keputusan
Authors: Mahardika Fathoni , Choirurroziqien Chozin
Published: November 2019

Sebuah media cetak setiap harinya selalu dituntut untuk menyajikan informasi yang berkualitas kepada masyarakat secara cepat dan akurat. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan sebuah sistem yang mampu melakukan efisiensi waktu dalam proses pemilihan berita tanpa menyampingkan akurasi sebuah berita headline yang akan disajikan. Untuk mewujudkan efesiensi waktu dan akurasi dalam menyediakan sebuah berita headline, maka proses pemilihan berita headline harus menetapkan kriteria-kriteria sebuah berita headline yang sesuai dan sudah disepakati oleh semua staf redaksi. Dalam penelitian ini dirancang sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan untuk membantu staf redaksi dalam menyeleksi kandidat berita headline yang berbasis komputerisasi sehingga dapat menyeleksi setiap berita yang dikumpulkan oleh wartawan. Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) dijadikan sebagai alternatif aplikasi sistem yang membantu dalam mengambil keputusan untuk proses pemilihan berita headline. Sistem pendukung keputusan ini menggunakan metode Multifactor evaluation Process (MFEP). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa sistem pendukung keputusan terhadap pemilihan berita headline pada penerbit dapat diterima oleh user sehingga menjadi pendukung keputusan dalam penentuan headline berita.
Sistem Informasi Geografis Pariwisata Dengan Integerasi Global Positioning System dan Algoritma Dijkstra
Authors: Mubarok Ahmad , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Purba Arif Budimansyah
Published: November 2019

Geographic information system is a geospatial information system development of diverse data sources and heterogeneous includes news, events, routes and tourist attractions. The system provides information about the geographic location with integrated global positioning system (GPS). GPS is a system to determine the location on the earth's surface with the aid of the alignment of the satellite signal. GPS coordinates deci-sive point will be more complete if coupled with the use dijkstra algorithm to determine the shortest path to get to the tourist sites. Many tourist sites and have a short distance away from tourist spots and the other one is a problem because these sights are not known by the tourists who recently visited. In a case like this is necessary to travel guides which can provide information about the location - nearby tourist sites and pathways that can be bypassed by tourists. A cross between GPS and dijktra algorithms can be developed into a geographic information system based on Android that is interesting and informative in the field of tourism as a guide for tourists.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerimaan Dana Bantuan Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat Untuk Keluarga Miskin Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Topsis
Authors: Handayani Cucu , Robbany Syaghil Farhan
Published: November 2019

The data processing of the election of citizens entitled to get the public health card aid fund in Kaliwadas Subdistrict, Sumber Subdistrict of Cirebon Regency generally still use manual selection system, that is, there is no computerization in determining the people who are eligible to get the help of public health insurance card so that many problems happened at this system. The problem that often arises because the target of the recipients of the public health card is not right on target to the eligible citizens, such as people who are actually not eligible to get grants but get the grant, otherwise the less fortunate people who are entitled to receive public health card security card but did not get donation. From these problems need a system for decision making, a system that can provide recommendations as a consideration for decision making accurately and accurately. This system can support decision-making of candidates receiving health insurance cards based on predetermined criteria. In order to calculate the decision support system more accurately then used a method, namely method of Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similiary to Ideal Solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS) to determine the citizens who are entitled to get public health insurance card and get the best alternative value.
Efficient Fronthaul and Backhaul Connectivity for IoT Traffic in Rural Areas
Authors: Yaacoub Elias , Alouini Mohamed-Slim
Published: November 2019

In this paper, internet of things (IoT) connectivity
in rural areas is investigated. Both fronthaul and backhaul considerations are
studied. First, intelligent radio resource management (RRM) and network
planning techniques are discussed for IoT access/fronthaul networks. The
proposed RRM scheduling approach was shown to lead to good performance in
scheduling IoT devices. Then, several backhauling techniques for providing
connectivity to rural areas are investigated and their cost efficiency is
analyzed. Techniques based on free space optics with solar powered devices are
found to be a suitable backhaul solution.
PEMANFAATAN PROGRAM POWERPOINT TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP DAN MOTIVASI SISWA PADAPOKOK BAHASAN EKOSISTEM
Authors: Amanda Wa
Published: November 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui motivasi siswa dalam penggunaan program PowerPoint terhadap pengusaan konsep dan motivasi siswa dalam pembelajran biologi pokok bahasan ekosistem. Pendidikan merupakan salah satu aspek yang sangat penting untuk membentuk generasi yang siap mengganti tongkat estafet generasi tua dalam rangka membangun masa depan. Penelitian ini telah di laksanakan di sekolah MTs AL-Ma’arif Aimas, yang di laksanakan pada tanggal 26 Mei sampai tanggal 31 Mei 2014. Sampel yang digunakan adalah siswa kelas VII IPA dengan jumlah 38 siswa. Penelitian yang digunakan merupakan penelitian deskripsi kuantitatif dengan analisis komparatif. Intrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes tertulis, yang diuji dengan uji validitas. Hasil uji validitas tes tertulis = 0,012 – 0,584 jadi instrument yang digunakan valid dan reabil. Hasil dari uji t adalah t sebesar 4,122 sedangkan t tabelsebesar 2,008 ternyata t hitung lebih besar dari t (4,122 ˃ 0,008). Sehingga pembelajaran Biologi pada pokok bahasan ekosistem menggunakan media PowerPoint lebih efektif dari pada tanpa menggunakan media PowerPoint. Media PowerPoint sesuai dan tepat jika digunakan dalam pembelajaran biologipokok bahasan ekosistem.
PEMANFAATAN METODE DEMONSTRASI UNTUK PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA TENTANG PERUBAHAN WUJUD BENDA BAGI SISWA KELAS IV
Authors: Gultom Espita
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA Tentang Perubahan Wujud Benda BagiSiswa kelas IV di SD Inpres 118 Klamalu melalui pemanfaatan Metode Demonstrasi. Jenis penelitian ini adalahpenelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) yang dilakukan secara kolaboratif antara peneliti denganguru. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari empat komponen yaituperencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian iniadalah wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan tes. Analisis data dilakukan dalam 3 tahap yaitu reduksi, penyajiandata serta menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (a) pemanfaatan Metode Demonstrasi dapatmeningkatkan partisipasi belajar siswa. Peningkatan Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Tentang Konsep Listrikdapat dilihat melalui aspek mendengarkan penjelasan bagi siklus I sebesar 28,13% meningkat menjadi sebesar78,13% bagi siklus II. Partisipasi dalam mencatat penjelasan siklus 1 sebesar 25% meningkat menjadi sebesar93,75% bagi siklus II. Partisipasi dalam memperhatikan pembelajaran siklus I sebesar 31,25% meningkat menjadisebesar 90,63% bagi siklus II. Partisipasi dalam bertanya siklus I sebesar 21,87% meningkat menjadi sebesar68,75% bagi siklus II. Partisipasi dalam menjawab pertanyaan siklus I sebesar 25% meningkat menjadi sebesar 78,13% bagi siklus II. Partisipasi dalam mengeluarkan pendapat siklus I sebesar 28,13% meningkat menjadisebesar 71,87% bagi siklus II. Partisipasi dalam menghargai pendapat teman siklus I sebesar 34,38% meningkatmenjadi sebesar 78,13% bagi siklus II. Partisipasi dalam menjelaskan kembali siklus I sebesar 21,87% meningkatmenjadi sebesar 75% bagi siklus II. (b) Pemanfaatan Metode Demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajarsiswa. Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa bagi siklus I sebesar 32,19 meningkat menjadi 82,03 bagi siklus II.
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA GAMBAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM MENGIDENTIFIKASI HEWAN YANG HAMPIR PUNAH BAGI KELAS VI DI SD INPRES 48 KASIM SELE
Authors: Kemijan Kemijan
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan Kemampuan siswa dalam mengidentifikasi hewan yang hampir punah bagi siswa Kelas VI di SD Inpres 48 Kasim Sele melalui pemanfaatan Media gambar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) yang dilakukan secara kolaboratif antara peneliti dengan guru. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari empat komponen yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan tes. Analisis data dilakukan dalam 3 tahap yaitu reduksi, penyajian data serta menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (a) pemanfaatan Media gambar dapat meningkatkan partisipasi belajar siswa. Peningkatan Kemampuan siswa dalam mengidentifikasi hewan yang hampir punah dapat dilihat melalui aspek mendengarkan penjelasan pada siklus I sebesar 50% meningkat menjadi sebesar 95% pada siklus II. Partisipasi dalam mencatat penjelasan siklus 1 sebesar 40% meningkat menjadi sebesar 100% pada siklus II. Partisipasi dalam memperhatikan pembelajaran siklus I sebesar 60% meningkat menjadi sebesar 95% pada siklus II. Partisipasi dalam bertanya siklus I sebesar 25% meningkat menjadi sebesar 70% pada siklus II. Partisipasi dalam menjawab pertanyaan siklus I sebesar 35%  meningkat menjadi sebesar 65% pada siklus II. Partisipasi dalam mengeluarkan pendapat siklus I sebesar 20% meningkat menjadi sebesar 65% pada siklus II. Partisipasi dalam menghargai pendapat teman siklus I sebesar 55% meningkat menjadi sebesar 90% pada siklus II. Partisipasi dalam menjelaskan kembali siklus I sebesar 30% meningkat menjadi sebesar 75% pada siklus II. (b) Pemanfaatan Media gambar dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 53.5 meningkat menjadi 69,75 pada siklus II.
PENERAPAN METODE DEMONSTRASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPA TENTANG PERUBAHAN WUJUD BENDA BAGI SISWA KELAS IV DI SD INPRES 54 MAKBUSUN KABUPATEN SORONG
Authors: Siswandri Siswandri
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan Prestasi Belajar IPA Tentang Perubahan Wujud Benda bagi siswa Kelas IV di SD Inpres 54 Makbusun melalui pemanfaatan Metode Demontrasi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) yang dilakukan secara kolaboratif antara peneliti dengan guru teman sejawat. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari empat komponen yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan tes. Analisis data dilakukan dalam 3 tahap yaitu reduksi, penyajian data serta menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pemanfaatan Metode Demontrasi dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa.Pertasi belajar siswa meningkat karena siswa lebih aktif dalam pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode demonsrasi. Peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa dapat dilihat dari rata-rata hasil belajar pada setiap siklus. Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 69.18 meningkat menjadi 80.45 pada siklus II.
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN SQ3R (SURVEY, QUESTION, READ, RECITE, REVIEW ) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI MATERI SISTEM PENCERNAAN MAKANAN KELAS XI SMA MUHAMMADIYAH AIMAS
Authors: Triyoso Anang
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) Untuk mengetahui penerapan metode pembelajaran SQ3R terhadap hasil belajar biologi siswa kelas XI di SMA Muhammadiyah Aimas. 2) Untuk mengetahui hambatan penerapan metode pembelajaran SQ3R terhadap hasil belajar biologi di SMA Muhammadiyah Aimas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI SMA Muhammadiyah Aimas pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 23 orang. Prosedur penelitian terdiri dari 4 tahap di setiap siklusnya, yakni perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Indikator hasil belajar pada penelitian ini berupa tercapainya ketuntasan belajar secara individual maupun klasikal. Pengumpulan datanya dilakukan dengan metode: wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, diskusi dan tes evaluasi. Data hasil pengamatan nilai diskusi dan nilai evaluasi diolah dengan analisis deskriptif untuk menggambarkan keadaan peningkatan pencapaian keberhasilantiap siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Hasil belajar biologi siswa melalui penerapan metode pembelajaran SQ3R mengalami peningkatan, khususnya pada materi pokok sistem pencernaan makanan. Pada siklus I diperoleh nilai diskusi individu < KKM sebanyak 5 siswa, sedangkan > KKM 18 siswa dengan rata-rata 62,23 dan ketuntasan belajar 78,26% meningkat menjadi 75,72 dengan ketuntasan belajar 91,3% pada siklus II yaitu < KKM sebanyak 2 siswa sedangkan > KKM 21 siswa. Serta nilai evaluasi dengan rata-rata 66,22 dengan ketuntasan belajar 78 ,26% dan meningkat menjadi 76,26 dengan ketuntasan belajar 95,65% pada siklus II. Sehingga bisa disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan nilai rata-rata dari siklus I ke siklus II dan tidak perlu dilakukan siklus ke III. 2) Hambatan pengunaan metode SQ3R yaitu sikap pasif siswa serta bergantung pada orang lain dalam proses pembelajaran dan keterbatasan fasilitas pembelajaran seperti sumber belajar dan alat peraga pembelajaran yang tersedia.
PENGARUH MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATERI SISTEM PENCERNAAN MANUSIA SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 2 KABUPATEN SORONG.
Authors: Rumakwai Idayati
Published: November 2019

Tujuan penelitian dilatar belakangi dengan menciptakan kondisi tercapainya hasil konsep keilmuan biologi dengan menggunakan media, untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa dalam menerima materi sistem pencernaan manusia menggunakan media audio visual dengan pendekatan saintifik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan satu kelas eksperimen. Bentuk ekperimen dalam penelitian ini adalah Quasi Eksperimen pada jenis Non Equivalent Posstest Only Control Group Design dengan maksud hanya hanya mengambil tes akhir tanpa menggunakan tes awal. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas XI di SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong dan sampel sampel yang digunakan adalah kelas XI IPA I sebagai kelas eksperimen. Hasil tes siswa berupa nilai rata-rata 77,83 yang kemudian dianalisis dengan rumus uji regresi linier sederhana menggunakan SPSS versi 20 sehingga diperoleh nilai signifikan 0,890 dengan probalitas 0,05. Hasil perhitungan tesebut menunjukkan bahwa signifikansi 0,890 > 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh media audio visual dengan pendekatan saintifik terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas XIIPA I SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VA MIN MERAUKE PADA TEMA ORGAN GERAK HEWAN DAN MANUSIA SUB TEMA ORGAN GERAK HEWAN MELALUI METODE COURSE REVIEW HORAY TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019 SEMESTER GANJIL
Authors: Husmaidah Husmaidah
Published: November 2019

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1). Untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan metode Course Review Horay pada mata pelajaran IPA sub tema organ gerak hewan pada siswa kelas Va MIN Merauke. 2). Untuk mengetahui prestasi belajar siswa setelah diterapkannya metode Course Review Horay pada pelajaran IPA sub tema organ gerak hewan pada siswa kelas Va MIN Merauke. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). subjek adalah peserta didik kelas VA MIN Merauke berjumlah 22 orang. objek dari penelitian ini adalah pelaksanaan pembelajaran IPA dengan metode Course Review Horay pada kelas VA MIN Merauke. Waktu penelitian Juli 2018. Alat Pengumpul Data adalah lembar observasi, wawancara, tes dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa berdasarkan hasil angket minat belajar dari siklus I ke siklus II masuk dalam kriteria tinggi. Peningkatan hasil belajar dari siklus I ke siklus II berhasil mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal. Peningkatan hasil minat dan hasil belajar telah memenuhi kriteria keberhasilan.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA MATERI POKOK IKATAN KIMIA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL DENGAN METODE KERJA KELOMPOK PADA SISWA KELAS X DI MAN KOTA SORONG
Authors: Nurhaeda Nurhaeda
Published: November 2019

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas X setelah diterapkan pembelajaran kontekstual dengan metode kerja kelompok materi pokok ikatan kimia semester gasal MAN Kota Sorong Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X MAN Kota Sorong pada semester ganjil dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 40 orang. Prosedur penelitian terdiri dari 4 tahap di setiap siklusnya, yakni perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Proses pembelajaran kimia dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual dengan metode kerja kelompok. Metode pengumpulan datanya berupa, metode observasi, dokumentasi, serta metode tes. Analisa data menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap yaitu tahap siklus I dan siklus II. Hasil penelitian diperoleh pada siklus I nilai tertinggi 96 dan terendah 46 Rata-rata kelas pada siklus I 67 dan, pada siklus I keaktifan siswa sebesar 65%. Kinerja guru pada siklus I memperoleh nilai 62%. Dilihat dari indicator keberhasilan, siklus I kurang berhasil dan perlu perbaikan pada siklus II. Pada siklus nilai tertingi 96 dan terendah 56, rata-rata kelas pada siklus II 73. Sedangkan keaktifan siswa sebesar 86 % dan kinerja guru sebesar 84 %. Maka pada siklus II sudah berhasil. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti membuktikan bahwa ada peningkatan hasil belajar siswa setelah mengikuti pembelajaran melalui pendekatan kontekstual dengan metode kerja kelompok, ini dapat dilihat dari keaktifan siswa, kinerja guru, rata-rata nilai siswa dan ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian ini di harapkan dapat memberikan sumbangan pemikiran bagi upaya peningkatan mutu pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan guru maupun lembaga yang bersangkutan.
Quiste Globulomaxilar o Radicular? Un reto diagnóstico
Authors: GUERRERO FERRECCIO JENNY. , PACHECO-YANES JUAN.
Published: November 2019

El diagnóstico de las lesiones inter-radiculares situadas entre los dientes incisivo lateral y canino superior puede representar un reto clínico, radiográfico e histológico. Es importante que el clínico tratante, sea cual sea su especialidad, esté al tanto de la tipifica-ción histológica y genética de las entidades patológicas actuales, y que, además, siga una secuencia lógica al momento de diag-nosticar a su paciente. Es importante analizar detalladamente dos dientes mesiales y distales asociados a la lesión, desde el incisivo central hasta el primer premolar superior, incluyendo un correcto sondaje periodontal y examen clínico completo en bús-queda de ranuras palato-radiculares. Es imperativo realizar todas las pruebas diagnósticas y de vitalidad pulpar, ya que las mismas juegan un papel decisivo al momento de establecer presuntiva-mente si la lesión tiene un origen odontogénico o no odontogéni-co. Por último, pero no menos importante, indicar la toma de una tomografía computarizada de haz cónico, ya que en ella vamos a poder observar y analizar la posible relación de las raíces den-tarias, incluyendo sus ápices, con la lesión inter-radicular, y de esta forma ayudarnos a establecer la correlación y el origen odonto-génico o no odontogénico de la misma. Este caso clínico refleja un ejemplo de las fallas al momento de diagnosticar una supuesta lesión no odontogénica catalogada presun-tivamente como quiste globulomaxilar, mos-trando evidencia radiográfica y clínica de cura durante un periodo de observación de 15 años después de la terapia endodóntica.
Caracterización de enfermedades fitopatógenas en el cultivo de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) en la finca el reposo en el municipio Facatativá, Cundinamarca
Authors: Fonseca José Yair , Castañeda Andrés Estiven , Escarraga José Omar , Cubillos Danny Daniel
Published: November 2019

El cultivo de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) es uno de los más importantes en climas fríos, este cultivo frutícola cuenta con una alta demanda dentro y fuera del país, ya que posee un alto valor nutricional. Una de las principales limitantes del cultivo son las enfermedades patógenas y deficiencias nutricionales, las cuales se presentan en el área foliar y fruto, disminuyendo la capacidad fotosintética de la hoja y desmejorando la calidad del fruto (tamaño, color y textura). Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el porcentaje de incidencia y severidad de estas enfermedades, adicionalmente caracterizar los agentes causales en el cultivo de tomate de árbol, para recomendar un método de control. La investigación se realizó en la finca el Reposo ubicada en la vereda la Tribuna municipio de Facatativá, la cual cuenta con una plantación productiva de 150 plantas, se realizaron dos visitas, la primera para elaborar un diagnóstico y establecer un sistema de muestreo, la segunda se realizó un muestreo para tomar datos (plantas enfermas, numero de hojas enfermas por árbol y área enferma por hoja), adiciona se recolectaron muestras foliares. Posteriormente en laboratorio se realizaron las pruebas pertinentes para la caracterización de los agentes causales, para la identificación de hongos se utilizó la técnica de coloración con azul de lactofenol, para bacterias se realizó la técnica de tinción de gran y para nematodos se realizó el método de Baermann. Los resultado mostraron la presencia de nematodos y de agentes patógenos como Alternaria sp.y Colletotrichum sp., caracterizados como los agentes causales de las enfermedades primaria y secundaria, adicional a esto se encontró una incidencia alta en el cultivo pero una severidad baja, con lo cual se pudo establecer un manejo con oxicloruro de cobre, con la finalidad de mantener sanas las hojas jóvenes y poder cuidar el cultivo hasta su fin productivo.
The Future of Law and Mobility
Authors: Crane Daniel
Published: November 2019

With the launch of the new Journal of Law and Mobility, the University of Michigan is recognizing the transformative impact of new transportation and mobility technologies, from cars, to trucks, to pedestrians, to drones. The coming transition towards intelligent, automated, and connected mobility systems will transform not only the way people and goods move about, but also the way human safety, privacy, and security are protected, cities are organized, machines and people are connected, and the public and private spheres are defined.

Law will be at the center of these transformations, as it always is. There has already been a good deal of thinking about the ways that law must adapt to make connected and automated mobility feasible in areas like tort liability, insurance, federal preemption, and data privacy. But it is also not too early to begin pondering the many implications for law and regulation arising from the technology’s spillover effects as it begins to permeate society. For better or worse, connected and automated mobility will disrupt legal practices and concepts in a variety of ways additional to the obvious “regulation of the car.” Policing practices and Fourth Amendment law, now so heavily centered on routine automobile stops, will of necessity require reconsideration. Notions of ownership of physical property (i.e., an automobile) and data (i.e., accident records) will be challenged by the automated sharing economy. And the economic and regulatory structure of the transportation network will have to be reconsidered as mobility transitions from a largely individualistic model of drivers in their own cars pursuing their own ends within the confines of general rules of the road to a model in which shared and interconnected vehicles make collective decisions to optimize the system’s performance. In these and many other ways, the coming mobility revolution will challenge existing legal concepts and practices with implications far beyond the “cool new gadget of driverless cars.”

Despite the great importance of the coming mobility revolution, the case for a field of study in “law and mobility” is not obvious. In this inaugural essay for the Journal of Law and Mobility, I shall endeavor briefly to make that case.
Let’s Be Reasonable: The Consumer Expectations Test is Simply Not Viable to Determine Design Defect for Complex Autonomous Vehicle Technology
Authors: Frascaroli Emily , Isaac Southerland John , Davis Elizabeth , Parker Woods
Published: November 2019

Although highly automated vehicles (“HAVs”) have potential to reduce deaths and injuries from traffic crashes, product liability litigation for design defects in vehicles incorporating autonomous technology is inevitable. During the early stages of implementation, courts and juries will be forced to grapple with the application of traditional product liability principles to a never before experienced category of highly technical products. Recent decisions limiting the use of the consumer expectations test in cases involving complex products prompted the authors to examine more closely the history behind and the future viability of the consumer expectations test in HAV litigation.
Presencia de la Unión de Universidades de América Latina y el Caribe en la vida universitaria latinoamericana
Authors: Lerner Febres Salomón
Published: November 2019

Cuando fue fundada la Unión de Universidades de América Latina y el Caribe (UDUAL), en el año 1949, América Latina atravesaba un período de acelerados cambios en múltiples dimensiones. Después de varias décadas de una relativa estabilidad política –aunque bajo el predominio de sistemas residualmente oligárquicos– América Latina estaba por ingresar a la fase de revoluciones y golpes de Estado militares que la caracterizarían en el último tercio del siglo xx. Desde el punto de vista de su organización territorial, la región se transformaba paulatinamente de urbana en rural. Eso tenía como correlato, en el ámbito productivo, una creciente industrialización y el retroceso de la economía agropecuaria como componente principal de la riqueza. En el aspecto socioeconómico se daba una expansión sostenida de la clase media. La suma de todo ello significaba, naturalmente, una intensificación de la demanda social por acceder a la educación escolar y superior y, por consiguiente, una expansión del sistema educativo, incluyendo el crecimiento y la multiplicación de las universidades.
Autonomia universitária e integração da América Latina: o papel da UDUAL
Authors: Tadeu Jorge José
Published: November 2019

La realización del primer Congreso de Universidades Latinoamericanas, en septiembre de 1949, en Guatemala (por el simple hecho de llevarse a cabo), ya podría ser llamado un avance considerable para las relaciones entre las universidades, y para la creación de referencias que apuntaran hacia el desarrollo de las instituciones existentes. Convocada por la Universidad de San Carlos, la iniciativa del Instituto Americano de Relaciones e Investigaciones Universitarias de Santiago de Chile, reunió 24 universidades de diferentes países de América Latina. En su discurso de bienvenida, al referirse a la ausencia de representantes de las universidades que no pudieron comparecer al evento, el doctor Carlos Martínez Durán, con palabras muy adecuadas, dijo: “Para las universidades ausentes, la puerta del entendimiento comprensivo queda abierta, franca y leal”.
The Role of Netiquettes in Establishing Relationships in Virtual Learning Communities
Authors: JAMIAI Abdelmajid
Published: November 2019

Obviously, in the era of digital literacy, human relationships in virtual learning communities are governed by much social behaviour that many students in higher education respect in some time, while others are rebellious against them. The aim of this article is to investigate if there is a correlation between ‘netiquettes’, which are the guidelines that should be developed by Internet users for an acceptable online behavior, and to build human relationships in learning. It is a case study of one group in the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences in Moulay Ismail University in Meknes, Morocco. A questionnaire is used to measure the predicted relationship between netiquettes and relationship building. The sample includes fifty male and female respondents. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between respecting netiquettes and building online relationships, set as a hypothesis for this study.
An Acoustic Measurements of English Stops Produced by Native Yemeni Arabic Speakers of English (NYASE)
Authors: Naji Ramzi
Published: November 2019

Acoustically, this paper investigates English stops consonants as produced by NYASE. The researcher examines the voicing of six stops by the use of Voice Onset Time (henceforth VOT) method. This inquiry aims to identify how similar/different the VOT patterns produced by NYASE to the VOT-literature-based patterns produced by native speakers of English. The subjects of this study are two Yemeni adults doing their Ph.D. at Annamalai University, Center of Advanced Study in Linguistics. They were chosen based on a self-evaluation test. Those subjects who evaluated themselves as having an ‘excellent’ command over English were selected to participate in this study. Knowingly, the subjects are late bilinguals, who learned English in their adulthood. Later on, the targeted sounds in word-initial position, pre-vocalically, in monosyllabic words, and in their citation form, have been recorded and analyzed following Lisker and Abramson (1964) procedures. Wide-band spectrograms cross-checked with waveforms were made, and from them, VOT was measured by ‘marking off the interval between the release of the stop and the onset of voicing’. The acoustic measurements showed that NYASE produce long lag VOT patterns for voiceless stop, long lead VOT patterns for voiced ones.
Synthesis of aryl-substituted thieno[3,2-b]thiophene derivatives and their use for N,S-heterotetracene construction
Authors: Demina Nadezhda S , Kazin Nikita A , Rasputin Nikolay A , Irgashev Roman A , Rusinov Gennady L
Published: November 2019

Fiesselmann thiophene synthesis was applied for the convenient construction of thieno[3,2-b]thiophene derivatives. Thus, new 5- or 6-aryl-3-hydroxythieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2-carboxylates were obtained by condensation of 5- or 4-aryl-3-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylates, respectively, with methyl thioglycolate in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide. The saponification of the resulting esters, with decarboxylation of the intermediating acids, gave the corresponding thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-3(2H)-ones. The latter ketones were used to synthesize new N,S-heterotetracenes, namely 9H-thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indoles by their treatment with arylhydrazines in accordance with the Fischer indolization reaction.
FIFI-LS Observations of the Circumnuclear Ring— Probing the High-density Phase of the PDR
Authors: Iserlohe C. , Bryant A. , Krabbe A. , Beckmann S. , Colditz S. , Fischer C. , Fumi F. , Geis N. , Henning T. K. , Hönle R. , Klein R. , Looney L. W. , Poglitsch A. , Raab W. , Rebell F. , Vacca W. D.
Published: November 2019

We investigate the nature of dense gas in the 3–10 pc circumnuclear ring (CNR) in the galactic center of the Milky Way, which is a structure that may be dynamically connecting the supermassive black hole Sgr A* with the central molecular zone at the 100 pc scale, and is the closest reservoir of molecular gas to the massive stars located within the central cluster. In the first of several papers addressing open issues with the CNR, we use far-infrared (FIR) diagnostic emission lines to probe the hot and dense phase of the photodissociation region (PDR) exposed to the radiation field of the central population of massive stars. We use the Far Infrared Field-Imaging Line Spectrometer (FIFI-LS) instrument on board the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy airborne observatory to obtain spatially resolved maps of FIR emission lines of the region with an angular resolution approximately 4 times higher than previous published data. We complement our data with archival continuum images at 19.7, 31.5 and 37.1 μm obtained with FORCAST and 70, 100 and 160 μm archival continuum images from PACS. We use the FIFI-LS emission line flux maps from ionized ([C ii] 157.7 μm), atomic ([O i] 63.2 μm, [O i] 145.5 μm), and molecular (CO J = 14–13 186.0 μm) species for a comparison with model predictions for PDRs. We present a method that dissects emission from the low and from the high excitation phase of the PDR and that also accounts for, e.g., absorption especially in the [O i] 63.2 μm transition. We present spatially resolved maps of dust temperature, atomic hydrogen column density, and FIR flux. The derived atomic hydrogen column density map is aligned with the galactic plane and extends spatially beyond previous near-infrared and radio based A

v
determinations. The atomic hydrogen column densities range from 1022.5 to 1023.1 cm−2 resulting in a total enclosed mass of the order of 103.5
M
⊙. We derive a [O i] 63.2 μm absorption map that is aligned with the galactic plane with no or little absorption in the northern lobe of the CNR but moderate absorption in the southern lobe of the CNR, which is consistent with the picture where the illuminated front surfaces of gas clouds in the northern lobe are directly visible to us, while in the southern lobe the illuminated surfaces are hidden by the clouds within the lobe itself. Local gas densities in the CNR are generally below the Roche limit.
Testing the Radius Scaling Relation with Gaia DR2 in the Kepler Field
Authors: Zinn Joel C. , Pinsonneault Marc H. , Huber Daniel , Stello Dennis , Stassun Keivan , Serenelli Aldo
Published: November 2019

We compare radii based on Gaia parallaxes to radii based on asteroseismic scaling relations for ∼300 dwarfs and subgiants and ∼3600 first-ascent giants from the Kepler mission. Systematics due to temperature, bolometric correction, extinction, asteroseismic radius, and the spatially correlated Gaia parallax zero-point contribute to a 2% systematic uncertainty on the agreement in Gaia–asteroseismic radius. We find that dwarf and giant scaling radii are on a parallactic scale at the level of −2.1% ± 0.5% (rand.) ± 2.0% (syst.) (dwarfs) and +1.7% ± 0.3% (rand.) ± 2.0% (syst.) (giants), supporting the accuracy and precision of scaling relations. In total, the 2% agreement that we find holds for stars spanning radii between 0.8

R

⊙

and 30

R

⊙

. We do, however, see evidence for relative errors in scaling radii between dwarfs and giants at the level of 4% ± 0.6%, and find evidence of departures from simple scaling relations for radii above 30

R

⊙

. Asteroseismic masses for very metal-poor stars are still overestimated relative to astrophysical priors, but at a reduced level. We see no trend with metallicity in radius agreement for stars with −0.5 < [Fe/H] < +0.5. We quantify the spatially correlated parallax errors in the Kepler field, which globally agree with the Gaia team’s published covariance model. We provide Gaia radii, corrected for extinction and the Gaia parallax zero-point, for our full sample of ∼3900 stars, including dwarfs, subgiants, and first-ascent giants.
Investigating Early-type Galaxy Evolution with a Multiwavelength Approach. III. Insights from SPH Simulations with Chemophotometric Implementation
Authors: Mazzei Paola , Rampazzo Roberto , Marino Antonietta , Trinchieri Ginevra , Uslenghi Michela , Wolter Anna
Published: November 2019

We are exploring galaxy evolution in low-density environments exploiting smooth particle hydrodynamic simulations, including chemophotometric implementation. From a large grid of simulations of galaxy encounters and mergers starting from triaxial halos of gas and dark matter, we single out the simulations matching the global properties of our targets. These simulations are used to give insights into their evolution. We focus on 11 early-type galaxies selected because of their nearly passive stage of evolution in the nuclear region. However, a variety of UV features are detected in more than half of these galaxies. We find no significant differences in the formation mechanisms between galaxies with or without UV features. Major and minor mergers are able to reproduce their peculiar UV morphologies, and galaxy encounters are more suitable for “normal” early-type galaxies. Their star formation rate self-quenches several gigayears later than the merger/encounter occurred via gas exhaustion and stellar feedback, moving the galaxy from blue to red colors and driving the galaxy transformation. The length of the quenching is mass-dependent and lasts from 1 to 5 Gyr or more in the less massive systems. All of our targets are gas-rich at redshift 1. Three of them assembled at most 40% of their current stellar mass at z > 1, and seven assembled more than 40% between redshift 0.5 and 1. Their stellar mass grows by 4% by crossing the green valley before reaching their current position on the NUV−r versus M

r
diagram.
Oscillator Strengths for the Lyman and Werner Bands of Molecular Hydrogen Studied by the Dipole (γ, γ) Method
Authors: Xiong Tao , Xu Yuan-chen , Yang Ke , Hiraoka Nozomu , Zhu Lin-Fan
Published: November 2019

Absolute optical oscillator strength (OOS) plays an extremely important role in molecular astrophysics research, especially for hydrogen. In this work, a novel dipole (γ, γ) method is used to determine the absolute OOSs for the Lyman and Werner bands of H2 with a high energy resolution of 25 meV. A detailed comparison between the obtained results and earlier experimental and theoretical data is presented, and great agreement between the present work and the calculated results is achieved by taking the non-adiabatic effect into account. The total integrated OOSs are also obtained and discussed. The absolute OOSs for the Lyman and Werner bands of H2 reported in this work can serve as a benchmark to test various theoretical methods and can be applied in molecular astrophysics.
Field studies and molecular forensics identify a new association: Idris elba Talamas, sp. nov. parasitizes the eggs of Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister)
Authors: Lomeli-Flores J. Refugio , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Susana Eva , Rodríguez-Levya Esteban , González-Hernández Héctor , Gariepy Tara D. , Talamas Elijah J.
Published: November 2019

A species of Idris Förster (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is found to parasitize the eggs of Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and is described as new: Idris elba Talamas, sp. nov. This is the first association of an Idris species with a non-spider host, and the association is confirmed with molecular diagnostic tools that enable identification of parasitoid and host from the remains of parasitized eggs.
The occurrence of Dickinsonia in non-marine facies
Authors: Bobkov N. I. , Kolesnikov A. V. , Maslov A. V. , Grazhdankin D. V.
Published: November 2019

Dickinsonia in the central Urals occurs in a succession transitional from marginal marine to non-marine. Even within this sequence Dickinsonia appears to be restricted to the least marine facies interpreted as a coastal lagoon surrounded by tidal flats. Another puzzling aspect is the complete absence of other Ediacaran taxa that are usually found together with Dickinsonia in other fossil localities. In fact, the Sinii Kamen Member of the Cherny Kamen Formation yielded an assemblage of Ediacaran macrofossils including aspidellamorph and mawsonitomorph holdfasts, frondomorphs, palaeopascichnids, and concentric ring structures of microbial origin; however, fossils of Dickinsonia have never been found in this association.
A Generalization of Groups
Authors: Çiloğlu Şahin Zekiye , Çeven Yılmaz
Published: November 2019

For a nonempty set G, the authors define an operation * reckoned with closeness property (i.e.,* is an operation which is not a binary operation). Then they define the partial group as a generalisation of a group. A partial group G which is a non empty set satisfies following conditions hold for all a,b and c∈d:(PG1) If ab,(ab)c, bc and a (bc) is defined, then,(ab) c=a (bc)(PG2) . For every,a∈G there exists an e∈G such that ae and ea are defined and, ae=ea=a (PG3) . For every,a∈G there exists an a∈G such that aa and aa are defined and aa=aa=e. The * operation effects and changes the properties of group axioms. So that lots of group theoretic theorems and conclusions do not work in partial groups. Thus, this description gives us some fundemental and important properties and analogous to group theory. Also the authors have some differences from group theory.
Application of the Exponential Rational Function Method to Some Fractional Soliton Equations
Authors: Ekici Mustafa , Ünal Metin
Published: November 2019

In this chapter, the authors study the exponential rational function method to find new exact solutions for the time-fractional fifth-order Sawada-Kotera equation, the space-time fractional Whitham-Broer-Kaup equations, and the space-time fractional generalized Hirota-Satsuma coupled KdV equations. These fractional differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by using the fractional complex transform. The fractional derivatives are defined in the sense of Jumarie's modified Riemann-Liouville. The proposed method is direct and effective for solving different kind of nonlinear fractional equations in mathematical physics.
Berezin Number Inequalities of an Invertible Operator and Some Slater Type Inequalities in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Yamancı Ulaş , Gürdal Mehmet
Published: November 2019

A reproducing kernel Hilbert space (shorty, RKHS) H=H(Ω) on some set Ω is a Hilbert space of complex valued functions on Ω such that for every λ∈Ω the linear functional (evaluation functional) f→f(λ) is bounded on H. If H is RKHS on a set Ω, then, by the classical Riesz representation theorem for every λ∈Ω there is a unique element kH,λ∈H such that f(λ)=〈f,kH,λ〉; for all f∈H. The family {kH,λ:λ∈Ω} is called the reproducing kernel of the space H. The Berezin set and the Berezin number of the operator A was respectively given by Karaev in [26] as following Ber(A)={A(λ):λ∈Ω} and ber(A):=|A(λ)|. In this chapter, the authors give the Berezin number inequalities for an invertible operator and some other related results are studied. Also, they obtain some inequalities of the slater type for convex functions of selfadjoint operators in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and examine related results.
Cooperative Grey Games
Authors: Alparslan-Gök Sirma Zeynep , Qasım Emad , Palancı Osman , Olgun Mehmet-Onur
Published: November 2019

In this chapter, the authors extend transportation situations under uncertainty by using grey numbers. Further, they try in this research building models for grey game problems on transportation situations proposing the ideas of grey solutions and their corresponding structures. They introduce cooperative grey games and grey solutions. They focus on the grey Shapley value and the grey core of the modeled game arising from transportation situations. Moreover, they prove the nonemptiness of the grey core for the transportation grey games, and some results on the relationship between the grey core.
Stability Analysis of a Nonlinear Epidemic Model With Generalized Piecewise Constant Argument
Authors: Aruğaslan-Çinçin Duygu , Cengiz Nur
Published: November 2019

The authors consider a nonlinear epidemic equation by modeling it with generalized piecewise constant argument (GPCA). The authors investigate invariance region for the considered model. Sufficient conditions guaranteeing the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the model are given by creating integral equations. An important auxiliary result giving a relation between the values of the unknown function solutions at the deviation argument and at any time t is indicated. By using Lyapunov-Razumikhin method developed by Akhmet and Aruğaslan for the differential equations with generalized piecewise constant argument (EPCAG), the stability of the trivial equilibrium is investigated in addition to the stability examination of the positive equilibrium transformed into the trivial equilibrium. Then sufficient conditions for the uniform stability and the uniform asymptotic stability of trivial equilibrium and the positive equilibrium are given.
Language Gap
Authors: Kuchirko Yana , Nayfeld Irena
Published: November 2019

The language gap is one of the most widely cited explanations for existing socioeconomic disparities in educational performance. Since Hart and Risley's 1995 publication on the socioeconomic differences in language input among children living in the United States, the language gap has permeated research, education, policy, and public awareness both in the United States and abroad. Since then, critiques have emerged that question the validity of the language gap as a concept and as means to close educational disparities. In this chapter, the authors build upon existing critiques by highlighting the cultural assumptions and ideologies that underpin the language gap and challenging these assumptions by drawing upon cross-cultural research on human development. Future directions are discussed on ways to move research forward using methodology that attends to cultural variability, builds on families' funds of knowledge, and recognizes societal contexts and structures that address systemic inequities.
Bridging the Language Gap With Emergent Technologies
Authors: Figueroa Jorge Francisco
Published: November 2019

The use of technology in language instruction revolutionized the way and the feel education was provided. Several modes helped students with their language gap. Nowadays, emergent technologies including the Web 2.0, gamification and game-based learning, and immersive technologies has taken language education by storm benefitting and bridging the language gap. This chapter provides an overview of how emerging technologies are changing the paradigm and contributing positively as a bridge to confront the language gap.
Dealing With Language Gap in a Hungarian-English Early Childhood Classroom
Authors: Csillik Eva , Golubeva Irina
Published: November 2019

The term ‘translanguaging' has been widespread in the field of Applied Linguistics in a short period of time, and just as quickly, it infiltrated in the field of Multilingual Education. Translanguaging is mostly seen as an opportunity to build on multilingual speakers' full language repertoire in the classroom in order to make sense of the world around them. At the same time, translanguaging might be seen as a threat for heritage language survival because heritage languages are forced to immerse in the mainstream language(s). The authors observed pedagogical translanguaging practices in the AraNY János Hungarian Kindergarten and School (USA) to understand how English was used in teaching the heritage language and to discover how bridging existing language gaps between speakers worked in the practices of bilingual pedagogues. The overarching aim of this study was to reveal some of the pedagogical translanguaging strategies used to deal with occurring language gaps.