bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Factors as Sleep Disturbance on Critically Ill Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU): A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rustam Junaidy Suparman , Chaidir Reny
Published: January 2024

Background: Sleep disturbance is a major problem among critically ill patients in the Intensive care unit (ICU) and often leads to negative experiences during their treatment. Previous studies found that environmental factors including noises and lighting mainly associated with the patient's sleep disturbance. Objectives: This study purposed to explore the relationship between environmental noise and lighting with the experience of sleep disturbance among critically ill patients in ICU. Methods: Analytical descriptive with a cross-sectional study approach was used in this study in the population of critically ill patients who were treated in the ICU. Setting of the study was conducted at a public hospital in West Sumatra, Indonesia from June to August 2021. The sample size was calculated by using power analysis from a previous study which obtained 80 participants. A purposive sampling technique was used based on the inclusion criteria. Data was analyzed by using percentages for the descriptive statistic and the Spearmen rank test for the inferential statistic. Results: Results of the study showed that 37.5% of the participants had sleep disturbance from environmental noise and 31 participants 38.75% of participants had sleep disturbance from lighting. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between environmental factors with sleep dis- orders in critically ill patients. Conclusion: Environmental factors of noises and lighting associated with the experience of disturbance among critically ill patients in ICU. It should be expected that hospitals could provide health education for patients and families suffering from sleep disturbance to maintain a calm environment noise and good lighting.
Uncovering the Characteristics of Low Birth Weight Babies in Agricultural Areas
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri , Hayati Nurul , Musviro Musviro , Ersyad Triesnawati
Published: January 2024

Background All mothers, including in agricultural areas, expect normal delivery Babies born are expected to also be normal. Purpose Uncovering the causes of low-birth-weight babies in agricultural areas. Methods Descriptive research to explain existing facts The population is low birth weight babies aged 0-28 days who are treated in the Neonatal room of RSUD dr. Haryoto Lumajang. Retrieval through 50% of cases from 2020-2022 Results are analyzed using frequency distributions displayed in graphical. Results The characteristics of low-birth-weight babies in the farming community at RSUD dr. Haryoto Lumajang that was found includes gestational age, type of delivery, complicating maternal labor, complicating baby birth, the birth of the child to or parity, and also the value of the baby's Apgar Score. Conclusion Maximum treatment that is appropriate for the cause of low-birth-weight babies can prevent or minimize abnormal growth and development.
LADOBALA For Children in the Agronursing Area
Authors: Musviro Musviro , Rahmawati Iis , Hayati Nurul , Wahyuningsih Sri
Published: January 2024

Optimal development is the goal that the child is expected to achieve during maturation which can be categorized into 5 domains, one of which is fine motor development. Fine motor development takes longer to achieve than gross motor development so it is necessary to stimulate one of them with a play approach. This study aims to analyze the development of LADO BALA play therapy (playdough Natural ingredients) on fine motor development and anxiety levels in children in the agricultural area. This research is a quasy experiment research with one group pretest-posttest design. The respondents in this study were 78 pre-school children with purposive sampling techniques. The measuring tools used in this study were DDST  sheets to assess development and Faces Image Scale (FIS) to assess anxiety. The novelty in this study is that the media used is the result of the development of researchers, namely playdough with natural ingredients, namely wheat flour, salt, food coloring, warm water by utilizing local resources and wisdom in the agronursing area, namely using coconut oil which is safe and beneficial for children's skin health. The data obtained were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed ranks test to determine the influence between variables. The results of each analysis were  obtained namely p = 0.001 which stated that there was an influence of the development of playdough play on fine motor development and anxiety levels in children in the agriculture area. Playing lado bala facilitates children's development through squeezing, shaking, and increasing creativity  in children, as well  as making children  feel happy so as to reduce anxiety in children.Playing ladobala can be one of the  stimulations of fine motor development in pre-shool children in the agronursing area and ladobala media can be made by children with parents with easily available and safe materials.
Analysis of Socio-Demographic Factors Influencing Family Latrine Utilization Behaviour
Authors: Hartatik Erna , Rondhianto Rondhianto , Helianti Dina
Published: January 2024

Background: Providing healthy latrines for each family is an effort to reduce open defecation. However, there are still many open defecation incidents, which can increase the risk of fecal-oral transmission of disease. Many factors influence open defecation behavior, one of which is socio-demographic factors. Purpose: This study aims to analyze socio-demographic factors' influence on family latrine utilization behavior. Method: This type of research is observational analytic with a cross-sectional design. The sample size was 138 respondents using the cluster random sampling technique. The independent variables are age, gender, education, income, and number of family members.

Meanwhile, the dependent variable is the behavior of using the family toilet. The instrument used was a questionnaire that was analyzed using multiple logistic regression and mean difference tests. Results: Most respondents were aged 41 – 60 years (73.2%), women (57.3%), secondary education (55.8%), with family members of less than four people (81.88%), and all respondents earned less than the minimum wage (100%). Most respondents had family latrine utilization behavior in the high category (66.7%). The modeling test showed the model fit (p = 0.034; R2 = 0.162). It showed that age, gender, education, income and number of family members simultaneously significantly affect family latrine utilization behavior by 16.2%. However, partially, only the educational factor had a significant effect (p=0.001). In addition, the mean difference test shows significant differences in family latrine utilization behavior based on age and education level (p=0.002; p=0.001). Conclusions: The socio-demographic factor that significantly influences latrine use behavior is the level of education. In carrying out health promotion efforts to increase family latrine utilization behavior, health workers should consider educational level factors to achieve the goal and reduce open defecation behavior.
O fanatismo como a perturbação mental por excelência no projeto antropológico kantiano
Authors: Lima Geraldo Freire de
Published: January 2024

O tema do fanatismo se fez bastante presente na obra do filósofo Immanuel Kant, em especial em seus trabalhos antropológicos, na forma de uma perturbação mental. Entretanto, este assunto, sustentamos, aparece em tais textos de forma fragmentária, sendo mais bem conceitualizado em sua obra sobre a moral e sobre a religião. Neste artigo pretendemos explicitar o porquê, sustentados em três suposições: (1) o sujeito fanatizado produz ao mesmo tempo vários quadros sintomáticos distintos, que podem atravessar várias afecções mentais simultaneamente; (2) em Kant, afirmamos, a sua onomástica das patologias mentais segue o modelo do fanatismo, que, devido a sua estrutura, pode ser considerada a doença mental por excelência; (3) no contexto histórico do pensador, o fanatismo era observável principalmente em conjunturas religiosas e místicas, por isso ele reservou a maior parte de suas conceituações sobre o tema justamente em seus textos sobre a religião e a moral (ética).
Early and long-term outcomes of less invasive approaches to coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Ashenhurst Christine , Toubar Omar , Guo Ming Hao , Issa Hugo , Ponnambalam Menaka , Ruel Marc
Published: January 2024

This review outlines the development of less invasive treatments for coronary artery disease, focusing primarily on minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG). We compare conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and MICS CABG indications and contraindications, surgical techniques, early and long-term outcomes, and the process of implementation of MICS CABG to cardiac surgery programs. The invasiveness of cardiopulmonary bypass and the sternotomy incision used in conventional CABG are appreciably mitigated by the MICS CABG procedure, which is generally performed off-pump and through a left mini-thoracotomy. In the literature, MICS CABG is a feasible alternative to sternotomy CABG with safe, reproducible, efficient, and durable outcomes.
PREFERENCES FOR BICYCLING AND CONNECTING TO BUS RAPID TRANSIT IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA
Authors: ADRIE Fadhilah Maretha , RAKHMATULLOH Anita Ratnasari , DEWI Diah Intan Kusumo
Published: January 2024

The problem of limited interest in public transportation due to the restricted coverage of bus rapid transit (BRT) services can be addressed by enhancing door-to-door options. Providing feeder services to assist users in their journeys from start to finish is crucial to achieving this. One suggested feeder option is bicycles because they are faster than walking and eco-friendly. However, in Yogyakarta, there is currently no integration of bike lanes with BRT lanes, making it difficult to promote multimodal transportation. In addition to planning routes, it is important to consider the characteristics of BRT users when implementing multimodal transportation. This helps determine the BRT user category, enabling customized and prioritized service delivery. This study explores the factors that encourage users to use bicycles as feeders and offers insights into users’ preferences for cycling facilities. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to 200 BRT users selected randomly over 30 days. Based on the model tested using multiple regression analysis, the most popular and confident travel destination for BRT users is their workplace. Moreover, BRT users prefer bicycle lanes that are separate and distinct from other vehicle lanes and convenient bicycle parking locations near bus stops. This research provides valuable recommendations for all stakeholders, particularly the government, to enhance and sustainably improve public transportation services.
INTEGRATED RESEARCH OF MULTI-PURPOSE STANCHION BASKETS FOR TRANSPORTING TIMBER AND CONTAINERS
Authors: BIZOŃ Krzysztof , CHMIELEWSKA Aleksandra , CHUDZIKIEWICZ Andrzej , SŁADKOWSKI Aleksander , STELMACH Anna
Published: January 2024

Analyses of cargo transport in 2021 show that despite the increased volume of cargo transported by all types of transport compared to 2020, road transport is still dominant compared to rail transport. Therefore, all actions aimed at improving these unfavorable relations (rail transport vs. road transport) in transport, particularly cargo transport, should be considered purposeful and justified. One such activity is the ongoing work on the design and construction of freight wagons for specialized transport. Unlike universal wagons, specialized wagons are characterized by a limited ability to transport a wide range of material groups. An example is the transport of timber. However, the development of new transport technologies, and above all, technical and organizational progress, force the organizers of these transport modes to look for new logistic and rolling stock solutions. The aforementioned transport of timber is an example of this. The transport of wood does not constitute a large volume of transport, but taking into account its transport issues (transport with large truck tractors, high axle loads, and high risks for other road users), it is a classic example of the fact that it should not be carried out by road over long distances. Therefore, all actions aimed at reducing these issues and improving efficiency by using rail transport are desirable and even necessary. The article presents an innovative design solution in the form of a stanchion basket installed on flat wagons, allowing the use of standard wagons of this type to transport both containers and timber as well as loads such as beams and pipes. Such a solution will allow the use of empty runs of these wagons after unloading wood at the destination station for further transport of containers and vice versa. The considerations described in the article show the research process at the construction stage and testing the prototype of the built basket and the wagon with the stanchion basket structure placed on it.
Communicative Behavior of Russian Cosmonauts: “Content” Space Experiment Result Generalization
Authors: Shved Dmitry , Yusupova Anna , Supolkina Natalia , Gushin Vadim
Published: January 2024

The increasing complexity of the space flight program and the increase in the duration of missions require improvement of psychological monitoring tools for astronauts in orbit. The article summarizes the experience of using quantitative content analysis of communication between the crews and the Mission control center (MCC). This method allows to assess dynamics of astronaut’s psycho-emotional state, to identify the communicative style, and to detect the communication phenomena of board-MCC communication. The method is based on a combination of coping strategies approach by Lazarus and Folkman as well as B.F. Lomov’s concept about the three functions of communication. We found influence of workload on the structure and volume of communication, defined the main stable communication styles of crewmembers, and confirmed presence of the emotional transfer phenomenon. We detected that astronauts successfully solve problems that arise in orbit using the capabilities of their communication style. An ineffective MCC communication style the leads to the psycho-emotional ill-being manifesting in emotional transfer phenomenon. The presence of “third quarter” phenomenon was not confirmed by materials from six-month space flights.
The Fundamental Flaw in the Theory of Time Dilation and the Vector Nature of Light
Authors: Jha Prateek
Published: January 2024

In Einstein’s Special Relativity(SR), time is treated as one of the four dimensions within spacetime and is relative in nature. Typically, a photon clock serves as the illustrative device in the time dilation thought experiment, featuring a single photon bouncing between two mirrors. However, the present paper identifies a fundamental flaw in this thought experiment, hence challenging its validity. Contrary to SR, this paper asserts that time is a consequence of motion. Space and time should be treated differently as proposed by classical mechanics. Importantly, this stance does not challenge the concept of curved space in General Relativity (GR), but rather questions the idea of relative time, as employed in both SR and GR. The absence of time dilation also dispels the twin paradox, prompting a necessary reassessment of the second postulate of relativity to ensure a more precise depiction of relativistic effects.
Impact of Mechanical Circulatory Support Timing on Outcomes in Myocardial Infarction-Related Cardiogenic Shock: Subanalysis of the PREPARE CS Registry
Authors: Prunea Dan Mihai , Bachl Eva , Herold Lukas , Kanoun Schnur Sadeek Sidney , Pätzold Sascha , Altmanninger-Sock Siegfried , Sommer Gudrun Angelika , Glantschnig Theresa , Kolesnik Ewald , Wallner Markus , Ablasser Klemens , Bugger Heiko , Buschmann Eva , Praschk Andreas , Fruhwald Friedrich M. , Schmidt Albrecht , Von Lewinski Dirk , Toth-Gayor Gabor
Published: January 2024

(1) Background: Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in myocardial infarction associated cardiogenic shock is subject to debate. This analysis aims to elucidate the impact of MCS timing on patient outcomes, based on data from the PREPARE CS registry.; (2) Methods: PREPARE CS prospective registry included consecutive patients experiencing cardiogenic shock (SCAI Classes C-E) and were referred for cardiac catheterization. Present analysis included a subset, in whom MCS was used and underwent coronary intervention due to myocardial infarction. Patients were categorized into Upfront group versus Procedural group, depending on the timing of MCS introduction in relation to PCI. Endpoint was the in-hospital mortality; (3) Results: In total 71 patients were included. MCS was started prior to PCI in 33 (46%) patients (Upfront), whereas 38 (54%) received MCS during or after PCI initiation (Procedural). Baseline characteristics and hemodynamic parameters were comparable. The Upfront group had a higher utilization of Impella® device compared to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (67% vs 33%), while the Procedural group exhibited a balanced use (50% vs 50%). Most patients suffered of multi-vessel disease in both groups (82% vs 84%, respectively; p=0.99) and most patients required complex PCI procedure, the latter was more prevalent in the Upfront group (94% vs 71%, respectively; p=0.02). Rates of complete revascularization were comparable (52% vs 34%, respectively; p=0.16). Procedural CPR was significantly more frequent in the Procedural group (45% vs 79%, p<0.05), still in-hospital mortality was similar (61% vs 79%, respectively; p=0.12); (4) Conclusions: Upfront implantation of MCS in myocardial infarction associated CS did not provide in-hospital survival benefit.
Possible Crystallization Process in the Origin of Bacteria, Archaea, Viruses, and Mobile Elements
Authors: Yoshimura Akari , Seki Masayuki
Published: January 2024

Our understanding of the divergence of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and mobile elements from the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) has not improved substantially since the crystallization hypothesis (explaining transition from cellular machinery to cellular life) was proposed by Woese. Here, we propose a hypothesis for the simultaneous emergence of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and mobile elements by sequential and concrete biochemical and cellular pathways. According to the hypothesis, the LUCA was a non-free-living pool of single operon type genomes composed of single-stranded (ss) RNA, double-stranded (ds) RNA, RNA/DNA hybrid, ssDNA, or dsDNA at an ancient submarine alkaline vent. Each dsDNA operon was transcribed by different systems in σ, TFIIB, or TBP genomes. Upon the fusion of multiple dsDNA operons by recombinase, the transcription system (in the σ, TFIIB, or TBP genome) was preferentially selected, leading to the first genetic linkage (described by Morgan). Vertical inheritance eventually led to Bacteria (σ genome) and Archaea (TBP genome). Eigen’s paradox (error catastrophe) can be overcome by the parallel gain of DNA replication and DNA repair mechanisms in both genomes. Enlarged DNA enabled efficient local biochemical reactions. Both genomes independently recruited lipids to facilitate reactions by forming coacervates (liquid droplets) at the chamber of the vent, leading to the lipid divide. Bilayer lipid membrane formation, proto-cell formation with a permeable membrane, proto-cell division, and the evolution of membrane-associated biochemistry are presented in detail. Simultaneous crystallization of systems in non-free-living bacteria and non-free-living archaea triggered the co-crystallization of primitive viruses and mobile elements. An arms race between non-free-living cells and primitive viruses finally led to free-living cells with a cell wall and mature viruses at the original vent. Cells and viruses spread to all vents on the planet, explaining the universality of the genetic code on Earth. The proposed scenario provides a plausible explanation for the origin of diverse taxa from the LUCA vertical and horizontal gene transfer.
The Economics Of A Research Town
Authors: Kamath Shreyas
Published: January 2024

This research paper examines the effects, advantages, challenges, and economic aspects of a research town. The study concludes that inclusion and diversity not only constitute fundamental values but also serve as crucial drivers of business success and sustained competitiveness. Universities play a central role in shaping the prosperity of the research town by functioning as knowledge hubs, fostering collaboration, nurturing talent, and contributing to the broader innovation ecosystem. The symbiotic relationship between universities and industries within the cluster establishes a dynamic and resilient environment for research and development. The presence of startups within the research cluster introduces novel ideas, enhancing the overall vibrancy and competitiveness of the local economy. In an era where social media algorithms increasingly influence people's choices, the potential for foreign interference emerges as a significant threat.
Aging With a Liver Graft: Analysis of Very Long‐ Term Survivors after Liver Transplantation
Authors: De Simone Paolo , Bronzoni Jessica , Martinelli Caterina , Ducci Juri , Campani Daniela , Gitto Stefano , Marchetti Piero , Biancofiore Giandomenico
Published: January 2024

We conducted a hybrid-design study on a historical cohort of 359 adult recipients of a liver graft who received transplants between 1996 and 2002. The study aimed to identify predictors of survival and investigate the prevalence of co-morbidities among long-term survivors. The actuarial (95% CI) patient survival of the overall study cohort was 96% (94.6%-98.3%), 69% (64.2%-73.6%), 55% (49.8%-59.9%), 42.8% (37.6%-47.8%), and 34% (29.2%-38.9%) at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively. The actuarial (95% CI) graft survival was 93.8% (91.6%-97.2%), 67.6% (62.2%-71.5%), 54.3% (49.6%-59.3%), 42.1% (37.3%-47.4%), and 33.8% (29.0%-38.4%) at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively. The leading cause of death was hepatitis C virus recurrence (24.6%), followed by extrahepatic malignancies (16.9%), infection (14.4%), and hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence (14.4%). The Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that several independent factors were associated with the survival probability. These factors include younger donor and recipient ages (p=0.001 and 0.004, respectively), female recipient sex (p<0.001), absence of HCV (p<0.01), absence of HCC (p=0.001), and absence of diabetes mellitus at one year (p<0.01). At the latest follow-up, the leading comorbidities in the long-term survivors were hypertension (53.6%), obesity (18.7%), diabetes mellitus (17.1%), hyperlipidemia (14.7%), chronic kidney dysfunction (14.7%), and extrahepatic malignancies (13.8%), with 73.9% of patients having more than one complication. The Kaplan-Meier probability (95% CI) of complication-free survival was 65.4% (60.2%-70.3%), 38.4% (33.4%-43.7%), 17.8% (14.1%-22.2%), 7.2% (4.8%-10.5%), and 1.94% (0.85%-4.15%) at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively. Aging with a liver graft is associated with an increased risk of complications and requires ongoing care to reduce the long-term attrition rate resulting from chronic immunosuppression.
What determines the number of poverty-stricken people in Indonesia?
Authors: Manasika Rina , Naomi Agata Sandra , Utami Rahayu Tri
Published: January 2024

Poverty is seen as a condition where basic rights are not fulfilled as a mandatory condition for carrying out a dignified life for the community. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing and obtaining empirical evidence of how the provincial minimum wage (Upah Minimum Provinsi-UMP), Real Per Capita GRDP, and the open unemployment rate (Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka-TPT) can affect the number of poverty-stricken people in Indonesia in 2020. The method used in this research is quantitative, namely the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique, with secondary data obtained from the official website source of the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), which is processed using EViews 12 software.  The final results of the research showed that partially the UMP and Real Per Capita GRDP variables have a significant effect on the number of poverty-stricken people in Indonesia in 2020, while TPT has no significant effect. However, when all three variables were tested simultaneously, the results showed that there was a significant effect on the number of poverty-stricken people in Indonesia in 20<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Constantia',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">20. Another result that was also shown in this study is the coefficient of determination (R2) at 0.7694 which means that 77% of the information needed to predict the dependent variable can be explained by all of the independent variables in this study.
Does the effectiveness of the Fintech platform affect interest in paying infaq and sadaqah?
Authors: Arelsa Kamila Dhiyanahda , Sholahuddin Muhammad
Published: January 2024

The rapid adoption of digital technology has revolutionized various industries, including the financial services sector, through the emergence of financial technology (Fintech). In Indonesia, Fintech regulations, such as Indonesian bank (Bank Indonesia-BI) regulations no. 18/40/PBI/2016 has played a crucial role in governing payment systems. This research examines the impact of the Fintech platform's effectiveness on individuals' interest in making infaq and sadaqah payments. A survey method was employed, utilizing a sample size of 128 individuals residing in the Solo Raya area, and conducted via Google form. The study results indicate that the Fintech platform's effectiveness significantly influences individuals' interest in making infaq or sadaqah payments. This can be attributed to the trust people place in Fintech platforms, which ensures data confidentiality and minimizes the risk of fraud. Consequently, individuals are more inclined to engage in infaq and sadaqah payments, recognizing Fintech platforms' secure and reliable nature. This research highlights the positive relationship between Fintech platform effectiveness and individuals' interest in infaq and sadaqah payments, shedding light on the potential for Fintech to drive the development of the Islamic economy further.
The implementation of a balanced scorecard perspective to SMEs performance
Authors: Damayanti Rosita Mei , Utami Eva Yuniarti , Pramesti Diah , Yuninata Dama , Pratama Rohmawan Adi , Pratama Versiandika Yudha
Published: January 2024

This paper aims to investigate the impact of implementing the balanced scorecard perspective on the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the F&B, fashion, craft, and services sectors in Central Java and Yogyakarta. A total of 170 respondents participated in the online and offline survey, and after removing incomplete data, 164 observations were analysed. The balanced scorecard perspective, consisting of financial, customer, internal process, and organizational learning and growth perspectives, was used as an independent variable, while performance was used as a dependent variable. The research also included digitalization and control variables such as gender, education sector, and size of SMEs. The results suggest that customer satisfaction and loyalty significantly affect SMEs’ performance and profitability. Testing the implementation of the balanced scorecard across various sectors, the research finds that its effects are not significant in sectors such as fashion, craft, services, and others sectors. The research recommends emphasizing the importance of maintaining a positive relationship with customers to increase revenue and profitability. Though financial and learning variables did not have significant effects, SMEs should still consider them as they may lead to customer satisfaction.
Comparison Between two Supraglottic Airway Devices: Ambu AuraGain & Pro Seal LMA
Authors:   Resident, Department of Anesthesiology, Government Medical College & Sir T Hospital, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364001, India., Tripathi Anjali , Bhut Chandrika V ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Government Medical College & Sir T Hospital, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364001, India.
Published: January 2024

Context: Aims: To compare two supra glottic airway devices, Ambu auragain & proseal LMA in terms of their working performance & insertion characteristics during general anesthesia in patient undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery. Settings and Design: After written informed consent, 60 patients of ASA I & II, aged 18 to 60 years, of either gender posted for laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Methods and Material: In group A: airway was secured with Ambu Auragain & in group P: with Proseal LMA for general anesthesia. Working performance (in terms of oropharyngeal leak pressure) and insertion characteristics (insertion time, manipulations of device, number of attempts) were recorded at the time of induction. Haemodymanics (Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, SpO2) & complications (if any) were recorded perioperatively. Statistical Analysis used: Student t test for quantitative data & Chi square test for qualitative data. Results: Oropharyngeal leak pressure was significantly higher & insertion time was significantly less in group A compared to group P (P<0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in insertion characteristics, demographic data, haemodynamics, ease of orogastric tube & post operative complications in both the groups. Conclusions: AmbuAuragain provides higher oropharyngeal leak pressure with lesser insertion time compared to ProSeal LMA.>>0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in insertion characteristics, demographic data, haemodynamics, ease of orogastric tube & post operative complications in both the groups. Conclusions: AmbuAuragain provides higher oropharyngeal leak pressure with lesser insertion time compared to ProSeal LMA.
DNA Methylation: An Approach to Forensic Age Prediction by Molecular Mechanism
Authors:   Scientist, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India., Sharma Nidhi , Behera Chittaranjan ,   Additional professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India., Gupta Sudhir K ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
Published: January 2024

Epigenetic processes have an important role in gene expression which is affected by living environments conditions. Occurrence of epigenetics is conciliated by two major molecular mechanisms which includes histone modification and DNA methylation. DNA methylation is an epigenetic channel action, this is a natural process where transmission of a methyl group on the C5 position of the cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine at genome. So, epigenetic change is normal and continual fact that may be influenced by many factors including age, the environment / lifestyle, and disease state. The normal process of aging causes a span of transformation of tissues and organs which gathered over life time. Now this could be possible to be examined through molecular based method. In view of this methylation levels of age associated marker have been used for highly accurate age prediction in this area and depicted that an age associated methylation marker on specific gene location found to be useful with marginal lapse. In Indian scenario there are no such study published on epigenetic markers for age estimation. In future for forensic cases work Molecular biomarkers may be significant to estimate age.
Comparative Study of Laparoscopic Vs Open Pyeloplasty
Authors:   Senior resident, Dept. of Surgery, Base Hospital, Delhi Cantt, New Delhi, Delhi 110010, India., Kumar Ajay , Dwivedi Deepak A. ,   Assistant Professor, Dept. of Surgery, Base Hospital, Delhi Cantt, New Delhi, Delhi 110010, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: Open pyeloplasty has been the gold standard for surgical treatment of PUJ obstruction. Over the last two decades the treatment approach to PUJ obstruction has evolved from open pyeloplasty to various minimally invasive procedures. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has developed world wide as the first minimally invasive option to match success rate of open pyeloplasty Method: The study was carried out in our tertiary care centre between 2012 to 2015. 50 adult patients of Primary PUJ Obstruction were included in the study who underwent either Open or Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty. Patient were followed up after 4-6 weeks of surgery and outcome of surgery compared. Results: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty appears to be a safe and effective alternative to open pyeloplasty in adults. Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty has almost similar short term outcome if renal parameters are compared. A trend toward longer operating time but shorter hospital stay with the laparoscopic approach was noted, although at this point the evidence does not indicate either technique is better than the other. Conclusions: Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty is a technically sound operation which uses well established principles familiar to urologist. This procedure has a minimal level of morbidity, short hospital stay, better cosmesis compared to open approach. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has emerged as the standard of care and is here to stay.
Late Cenozoic Cooling History of the Xigaze Fore-Arc Basin along the Yarlung–Zangbo Suture Zone (Southern Tibet): New Insights from Low-Temperature Thermochronology
Authors: Song Shida , He Zhiyuan , Su Wenbo , Zhong Linglin , Zhong Kanghui , Glorie Stijn , Song Yifan , De Grave Johan
Published: January 2024

The Tibetan Plateau is currently the widest and highest elevation orogenic plateau on Earth. It formed as a response to the Cenozoic and is still ongoing collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. The Xigaze fore-arc basin distributed along the Indus–Yarlung suture zone in southern Tibet preserves important information related to the late Cenozoic tectonic and topographic evolution of the plateau. In this study, apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronology was carried out on twelve sandstone samples from the middle segment of the Xigaze basin and additionally on four sedimentary rocks from the neighboring Dazhuka (Kailas) and Liuqu Formations. Inverse thermal history modeling results reveal that the fore-arc basin rocks experienced episodic late Oligocene to Miocene enhanced cooling. Taking into account regional geological data, it is suggested that the late Oligocene-early Miocene (~27–18 Ma) cooling recognized in the northern part of the basin was promoted by fault activity along the Great Counter thrust, while mid-to-late Miocene-accelerated exhumation was facilitated by strong incision of the Yarlung and Buqu rivers, which probably resulted from enhanced East Asian summer monsoon precipitation. Sandstone and conglomerate samples from the Dazhuka and Liuqu Formations yielded comparable Miocene AFT apparent ages to those of the Xigaze basin sediments, indicative of (mid-to-late Miocene) exhumation soon after their early Miocene burial (> ~3–4 km). Additionally, our new and published low-temperature thermochronological data indicate that enhanced basement cooling during the Miocene prevailed in vast areas of central southern Tibet when regional exhumation was triggered by both tectonic and climatic contributing factors. This recent and widespread regional exhumation also led to the formation of the high-relief topography of the external drainage area in southern Tibet, including the Xigaze fore-arc basin.
Effect of Boswellia sacra and Moringa oleifera leaf extract as root canal Irrigants on bacterial reduction and biofilm eradication in single-rooted teeth. (A Comparative In Vitro Study)
Authors: Abdulsamad Aya
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Boswellia sacra and Moringa olifera leaf extract as intra-canal irrigation in terms of bacterial reduction and biofilm eradication.
Single-rooted mandibular premolars will be instrumented and categorized into 3 experimental groups depending on the irrigant used: Group I: irrigarion with 10% B. sacra extract. Group II: irrigated with 20% Moringa olifera. Group III: control group irrigated with 2.5% soduim hypochlorite. Scanning electron microscopic analysis will be performed to assess biofilm eradication in the coronal, middle, and apical portions of each root canal.along with microbial sampling and CFU counting for bacteriological reduction analysis.
Integrating agronomy and machine learning to generate high-resolution global maps of yield potential with local relevance
Authors: Grassini Patricio , Aremburu-Merlos Fernando , Loon Marloes van , Ittersum Martin van
Published: January 2024

Reliable data on yield potential is crucial for identifying areas with opportunities for production improvement. Here, we integrated an agronomically robust bottom-up approach with machine learning to generate high-resolution global maps of yield potential for maize, wheat, and rice. Our machine learning metamodel leverages site-specific yield potential derived from locally evaluated crop growth simulations and gridded climate, soil, and cropping system global databases. The metamodel showed high accuracy in predicting yield potential for the three crops, but the prediction uncertainty was higher in regions where local estimates of yield potential were missing. Our work demonstrates the benefits of integrating bottom-up and machine learning methods to achieve global coverage at high spatial resolution and ensure local relevance. The novel global yield potential maps can help to identify areas with large room to increase crop yields and serve studies assessing food security, land use, and climate change from local to global levels.
A Dense matching method for remote sensing images fused with CPS denoising
Authors: ZHU BO , Tan Xiao , Li Houpu
Published: January 2024

Dense matching of remote sensing images is crucial for 3D reconstruction. This study proposes an enhanced dense matching method employing the CPS image denoising algorithm, aiming to boost the SGM algorithm's accuracy and efficiency in remote sensing image matching. The stereo image pair's quality is evaluated using the PSNR index, and a decision-making criterion based on the CPS algorithm is incorporated to determine the need for noise reduction. Preprocessing steps, including image cropping and pixel coordinate transformation, significantly reduce computational requirements. An epipolar line model, minimizing the disparity between two pixels, is used for calculations. This model is employed to construct an epipolar image, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of the process. Experimental validation and analysis confirm that this method effectively addresses dense matching challenges in the presence of image blur and noise, thereby improving the operational efficiency and accuracy of the dense matching algorithm.
Deformed archeological remains at Lilybaeum in Western Sicily (southern Italy) as possible ground signatures of missed large earthquake in the area.
Authors: Barreca Giovanni , Pepe Fabrizio , Sulli Attilio , Morreale Gabriele , Gambino Salvatore , Grassi Sabrina , Monaco Carmelo , Imposa Sebastiano
Published: January 2024

Archaeoseismic analysis performed in Western Sicily point to deformed archeological remains at Lilybaeum, a Punic coastal city founded in 397 B.C. at the Island’s westernmost edge. Starting from the direct observation of deformed ruins, an interdisciplinary work-strategy, which has included field-structural analysis, drone-shot high-resolution aerial photogrammetry, and geophysical prospecting, was employed to investigate whether the identified deformations may represent the ground effects of a previously unknown large earthquake in the area. Among the unearthed remains, some mosaics and a stone-paved monumental avenue show evidence of tectonic deformation being fractured, folded, and uplifted. Trend of folding and fracturing is consistent with the NNW-SSE oriented tectonic max stress axis to which western Sicily is currently undergoing. Displacement along a fracture deforming the Decumanus Maximus together with the finding of a domino-type directional collapse, enable us to interpret the observed deformation as the ground signature of a coseismic slip. Seismic rupture occurred along a previously unmapped deformation front that well fits in the seismotectonic context of Western Sicily. Measured offset, geophysical prospecting, and age-constraints all point to the possibility that a highly-energetic earthquake nucleated in the area following a coseismic rupture along a NE-SW trending back-verging reverse fault towards the end of the IV century A.D. Since seismic catalogs do not provide evidence of such a large earthquake, the latter might represent a missed event in the historical seismic record. This finding provides constraints to redefine the seismic hazard of Western Sicily, a region where recurrence-time intervals for large earthquakes are still unknown.
Spatial memory impairment is associated with oxidative stress, neurodegeneration and abnormalities neuromorphology in the hippocampus of rotenone-induced Parkinson’s mouse model: neuroprotective role of a specialized Bacopa monnieri extract (CDRI-08)
Authors: Gupta Vartika , Prasad S.
Published: January 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder linked with ageing, is associated with both motor and non-motor problems. Memory loss is a common non-motor symptom of PD, particularly as the disease progresses, and it can lead to cognitive impairment.The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying biochemical, molecular, and neuroanatomical pathways that contribute to learning and memory impairment in PD. The study investigates the potential neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic effects of the Bacopa monnieriextract (CDRI-08), a natural nootropic medication, on memory deterioration associated with PD. To comprehend the information provided, we developed a PD mouse model by administering rotenone subcutaneously at a dose of 2mg/kg BW. Spatial working memory and the expression of α-Synuclein in the hippocampus was examined. Additionally, evaluation of the oxidative stress parameters, neuronal cell density, apoptosis in subregions of the hippocampus, and dendritic arborization and dendritic spine density in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. Results showed that PD exhibited a decline in their ability to remember spatial information, which can be correlated with high oxidative stress characterized by increased reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels whereas decreased activity of SOD and catalase. This oxidative stress resulted in a drop in the density of neurons due to increased cell death characterized by increased caspase-3 expression and TUNEL-positive cells, leading to a loss of dendritic length, branching, and dendritic spine density. Administering BME (CDRI-08) orally effectively alleviates the illness and additionally improves neuroprotection by strengthening and nourishing neurons by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing the expression of pro-apoptotic factor caspase-3. Collectively, these findings indicate that Bacopa monnieri extract can be utilized as a herbal remedy to treat memory impairment induced by PD.
NFATc4 knockout promotes neuroprotection and retinal ganglion cell regeneration after optic nerve injury
Authors: Mackiewicz Joanna , Tomczak Julia , Lisek Malwina , Sakowicz Agata , Guo Feng , Boczek Tomasz
Published: January 2024

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), neurons transmitting visual information via the optic nerve, fail to regenerate their axons after injury. The progressive loss of RGC function underlies the pathophysiology of glaucoma and other optic neuropathies, often leading to irreversible blindness. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify the regulators of RGC survival and the regenerative program. In this study, we investigated the role of the family of transcription factors known as nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), which are expressed in the retina; however, their role in RGC survival after injury is unknown. Using the optic nerve crush (ONC) model, widely employed to study optic neuropathies and central nervous system axon injury, we found that NFATc4 is specifically but transiently up-regulated in response to mechanical injury. In the injured retina, NFATc4 immunolocalized primarily to the ganglionic cell layer. Utilizing NFATc4−/− and NFATc3−/− mice, we demonstrated that NFATc4, but not NFATc3, knockout increased RGC survival, improved retina function, and delayed axonal degeneration. Microarray screening data, along with decreased immunostaining of cleaved caspase-3, revealed that NFATc4 knockout was protective against ONC-induced degeneration by suppressing pro-apoptotic signaling. Finally, we used lentiviral-mediated NFATc4 delivery to the retina of NFATc4−/− mice and reversed the pro-survival effect of NFATc4 knockout, conclusively linking the enhanced survival of injured RGCs to NFATc4-dependent mechanisms. In summary, this study is the first to demonstrate that NFATc4 knockout may confer transient RGC neuroprotection and decelerate axonal degeneration after injury, providing a potent therapeutic strategy for optic neuropathies.
Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and Echinococcus multilocularis in a gray wolf (Canis lupus) in Turkey: further evidence for increased risk of alveolar echinococcosis in urban areas
Authors: Akyuz Muzaffer , Kirman Ridvan , Guven Esin , Balkaya Ibrahim , Avcioglu Hamza
Published: January 2024

Objective
This study was aimed to confirm the infection and molecular identification of Echinococcus tapeworms in a gray wolf in an urban area of northeastern Turkey.
Methods
A dead gray wolf (Canis lupus) was found near Erzurum province and brought to the parasitology laboratory. Sedimentation and counting technique (SCT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were conducted.
Results
The SCT implications indicated that the wolf had a substantial worm burden (62,720 and 49,280 parasites) due to a co-infection of E. granulosus s.l. and E. multilocularis. Genus/species-specific PCR was used to analyze DNA extracted from adult worms and confirmed as E. granulosus s.s. (G1) and E. multilocularis, utilizing COI and 12S rRNA gene sequence analysis, respectively.
Conclusion
This report presents the first co-detection of E. granulosus s.s. and E. multilocularis in a gray wolf found in an urban area from a highly endemic area for human echinococcosis in northeastern Turkey. The results emphasize that AE is not only a problem of rural areas, but also occurs in urban areas, which may pose a threat to public health. Therefore, surveillance in urban areas is crucial. The need to design new control strategies in domestic and wildlife perspective in the study area is also underlined.