bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isotropy‐Induced Stress Relaxation and Strong‐Tolerance for High‐Rate and Long‐Duration Sodium Storage by Amorphous Structure Engineering
Authors: Wang Chunhui , Wang Dong , Ma Xin , Qin Haozhe , Liu Mingkai , Yan Yan , Zhang Bao , Ou Xing
Published: July 2022

High‐performance conversion‐reaction‐based electrodes have received enormous attention due to their high theoretical capacities, yet the poor structural stability and large stress accumulation induced from volume change are identified as major limiting factors for further utilization. Although viable strategies are exerted to acquire durable storage capacity, the controllable technology of inner stress is still required to explore. Herein, the amorphous structured GeS2 with 2D porous sheet morphology is designed for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The differences in reaction mechanism and structure reversibility between amorphous and crystalline states are systematically investigated and unraveled. Notably, the amorphous matrix can ensure evenly distributed intermediate interface and alleviated aggregation of active materials, promoting the complete conversion reaction with decreased hysteresis. Furthermore, it provides more isotropic Na‐ion diffusion channels and active sites, effectively boosting the reaction kinetics. Meanwhile, it can fully relieve the volume expansion and restrain the inner stress of GeS2, resulting in excellent structural tolerance. As expected, it expresses prominent rate capability and cyclic life (512.8 mA h g−1 at a superhigh rate of 10 A g−1 after 1000 cycles) for SIBs. Therefore, amorphization engineering is a reliable strategy to obtain the robust framework and unimpeded diffusion channels for developing high‐performance conversion‐reaction‐based electrode materials.
Self‐Wrinkling Vapor‐Deposited Polymer Films with Tunable Patterns
Authors: Enright Robert N. , Bradley Laura C.
Published: July 2022

Materials with complex curvature and micro‐structured surface topography allow scientists to replicate surfaces observed in nature. Initiated chemical vapor deposition is used to grow polymer films on substrates of various 3D shapes which exhibit wrinkling during film growth, termed self‐wrinkling. Self‐wrinkling avoids separate film growth and compression steps and more‐closely mimics processes observed in nature. The self‐wrinkling process is elucidated on flat elastic substrates, revealing control over the amount of compressive stress by changing deposition conditions. Next, a study of films grown on liquid substrates with interface profiles that either resemble cylinders or contain repeating concave cones, saddles, and bowls affirms the principle that the wrinkle roundness increases with interface curvature. The selection of high versus low stress generating conditions allows for the choice of the wrinkle pattern to be directed by either the stress concentration at boundaries or the substrate curvature. Experiments confirm the observation from simulations by other authors that on the inside of a torus, the lowest energy ridge wrinkle state is oriented around the major axis. The ability to control the character of wrinkle patterns via changes to the local and global substrate shape provides a route to generate materials with contrived surface topography.
Atomic‐Level Design of Active Site on Two‐Dimensional MoS2 toward Efficient Hydrogen Evolution: Experiment, Theory, and Artificial Intelligence Modelling
Authors: Sun Chun , Wang Longlu , Zhao Weiwei , Xie Lingbin , Wang Jin , Li Jianmin , Li Bingxiang , Liu Shujuan , Zhuang Zechao , Zhao Qiang
Published: July 2022

Atom‐economic catalysts open a new era of computationally driven atomistic design of catalysts. Rationally manipulating the structures of the catalyst with atomic‐level precision would definitely play a significant role in the future chemical industry. Of particular concern, there are growing research concentrating on MoS2 as a typical representative of transition metal dichalcogenides for its great potential of diverse atomic‐level reactive sites for applications in catalysis for hydrogen evolution reaction. At present, the rational design of MoS2‐based catalysts greatly depends on the comprehensive understanding of its structure–activity relationships of active sites that still lacks the systematic summary. In this regard, we dissected the internal relationships between diverse active‐site configurations of MoS2 and the corresponding catalytic activity theoretically and experimentally to give impetus to the design of next‐generation high‐performance MoS2‐based catalysts. The necessity of normalizing the existing activity evaluation methodology and developing more‐precise metrics is discussed. Moreover, the advancement of artificial intelligence as an effective tool for the research on physicochemical properties of catalysts as well as its important role in theoretical pre‐design has also been reviewed. Finally, we summarized the opportunities and challenges of the design of nanoscale catalysts with desired physicochemical properties by assembling atoms in a controllable way.
Cerium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework with Intrinsic Haloperoxidase‐Like Activity for Antibiofilm Formation
Authors: Zhou Zijun , Li Sirong , Wei Gen , Liu Wanling , Zhang Yihong , Zhu Chenxin , Liu Shujie , Li Tong , Wei Hui
Published: July 2022

Biofilms adhering to surfaces have severe impacts on both public health and industry. Environmentally friendly strategies for combating biofilms are needed due to the biosafety issues brought by traditional commercial anti‐biofilm additives. Enzyme‐based strategies for biofilm treatment have attracted great research interest, but there is still a major challenge ahead due to the high economic cost and limited stability of natural enzymes. Inspired by the antifouling mechanism of natural haloperoxidase (HPO) secreted by marine algae, which catalyzes the oxidative bromination of bacterial quorum sensing signaling molecules, its artificial enzyme is proposed here in response to the situation mentioned above. A cerium‐based metal–organic framework (Ce‐MOF) is verified to possess HPO‐like activity. Based on its favorable enzyme‐like activity, the Ce‐MOF exhibits remarkable antibacterial and biofilm formation suppression abilities. This study not only expands the variety of HPO‐like artificial enzymes but also paves the way for the application prospect of Ce‐MOFs in water pipe cleaning and biofouling treatment.
Radical Hybrids with Multiple Responses to Thermal Stimuli via Electron Transfer
Authors: Sang Yu‐Feng , Zeng Hao , Xu Liang‐Jin , Chen Zhong‐Ning
Published: July 2022

It is desirable to develop semiconductors with simultaneously multiple responses to single stimuli. Herein, a thermally responsive hybrid semiconductor (AEV)[Pb2Br8] (AEV4+ = 1,1′‐bis(2‐ammonioethyl)‐[4,4′‐ bipyridine]‐1,1′‐diium) is successfully prepared by introducing functionalized organic cations into 1D lead(II) chains. The lead(II) chain contains an edge‐sharing PbBr6 octahedron with highly electron‐deficient cations distributed in the interspace of the inorganic framework. Interestingly, the as‐formed hybrid exhibits extraordinary thermochromic behavior along with intriguing temperature‐dependent conductivity and thermal conductivity due to the thermal motion of the electrons in the hybrid. Specifically, the color of the pristine hybrid changes from yellow to brown when the temperature rises to 70 °C, and gradually deepens as the temperature continues to rise, accompanied by the continuous decline in electric conductivity and thermal conductivity. Once heating is stopped, the color and conductivity recover to the original state in a few minutes. As demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies, the thermal‐induced electron transfer is likely responsible for the intriguing thermally responsive behaviors. This work provides a paradigm for the modular and functional design of hybrid materials that manifest potential applications in semiconductor refrigeration, thermal power generation, intelligent circuit, and other opt‐electronic devices.
Scalable Production of Ultrathin Boron Nanosheets from a Low‐Cost Precursor
Authors: Chand Hushan , Kumar Ashish , Bhumla Preeti , Naik Banavath Raju , Balakrishnan Viswanath , Bhattacharya Saswata , Krishnan Venkata
Published: July 2022

High‐end technological applications of thin boron nanosheets (BNS), including single layer borophene, have inspired the scientific community to develop fabrication routes to achieve scalable preparation. Among the different strategies, liquid‐phase exfoliation is one of the facile methods. However, this method has certain drawbacks, such as the use of high‐cost boron precursors (boron powder having particle size in micrometer) and possesses lower quality and size nonuniformity in the as‐prepared BNS. To address these issues, the production of high‐quality and uniform BNS is reported from low‐cost boron chunks (bulk boron having > 1 cm particle size) by using an ultrasonication‐assisted liquid‐phase exfoliation method. The as‐prepared BNS shows strong optical fluorescence characteristics and exhibits good electrical and photoconductivity values indicating its suitability for various applications. As an application study, the catalytic potential of the as‐prepared BNS is explored for the degradation of diverse organic pollutants using peroxymonosulfate as an oxidizing agent. The density functional theory is used to calculate the energy minima of different boron crystallographic phases along with the interactions of peroxymonosulfate with BNS. The facile strategy reported here is expected to pave the way for scalable production of ultrathin BNS from a low‐cost precursor.
All‐Fabric Flexible Frequency‐Selective‐Rasorber Based on Cutting‐Transfer Patterning Method
Authors: Chen Hao , Peng Xiao‐Li , Bo Xin‐Zhi , Geng Ming‐Yang , Yang Xiao‐Lu , Zhan Jun‐Lin , Liu Zhen‐Guo , Dai Yun‐Qian , Lu Wei‐Bing
Published: July 2022

Frequency‐selective rasorber (FSR) can realize a passband between two adjacent absorption bands, which is essential in many electromagnetic scenarios such as antennas and cloaking technologies. However, the current printed circuit board (PCB)–based FSR has shortcomings such as being heavy, rigid, and complex structure (too many lumped elements), making it a long distance from practical military and civil applications. Here, a novel FSR comprised of carbon cloth/ copper cloth/ fabric hybrid structure is proposed to realize the function of frequency selective absorption for the application of indoor electromagnetic protection. Several sub‐subjects are studied, including the structure design of rasorber without lumped elements, the carbon cloth‐based planner resistive material, and the fabrication method of large area non‐contact patterns. Measured results show that a transmission window is achieved between two absorption bands with a transmission rate higher than 86%. Under the circumstances of similar electromagnetic properties, the sample has the unique features of simple structure, large area, high flexibility, and light‐weight compared with commonly used PCB technology, which largely improve the usability of FSR in practical civil or military applications.
Promoting Single Channel Photon Emission in Copper(I) Halide Clusters for X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Han Kai , Jin Jiance , Su Binbin , Qiao Jianwei , Xia Zhiguo
Published: July 2022

Metal clusters with color‐tunable radioluminescence have attracted growing attention as X‐ray detection materials. However, they are generally less scintillation‐efficient due to the coexistence of multiple exciton recombination centers. Herein, two new zero‐dimensional copper(I)‐based clusters (DIET)3Cu3X3 (DIET = 1,3‐Diethyl‐2‐thiourea, X = Cl, Br) are designed, which support the single channel photon emission (Cu cluster centered, CC) to enhance the scintillation performance. Those DIET ligands (L) anchoring with copper(I) ions not only generate direct CuL bonds, but also form a disorder [Cu3X3] cluster, which results in the intense X‐ray absorption. (DIET)3Cu3Br3 with low halogen electronegativity further weakens halogen‐to‐ligand charge transfer (XLCT) emission, enabling enhanced quantum efficiency (≈69%) and scintillation performance comparable to commercially available Lu3Al5O12:Ce. Moreover, the flexible thin film counterpart demonstrates legible X‐ray imaging with high spatial resolution of 11.71 lp mm−1. This study provides a feasible design principle to discover new metal cluster‐based scintillators and to further expand their radiation detection applications.
Covalent Organic Frameworks as a Biomacromolecule Immobilization Platform for Biomedical and Related Applications
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Lewis Damani A. , Wang Gang , Meng Tao , Zhou Shengnan , Zhu Yuheng , Hu Danyou , Gao Shan , Zhang Guiyang
Published: July 2022

With the development of biotherapeutic field, biomacromolecules with definite curative and small side effects have gradually become a hot spot in the research and development of new drugs. However, the use of biomacromolecules as drug candidates pose some technical difficulties related to their medicinal properties, mainly drug stability and in vivo transport and delivery. Currently, diverse nanodrug delivery systems have been used to deliver biomacromolecules because they can maintain stability, significantly increase bioavailability, and improve targeted distribution of biomacromolecules, thereby improving efficacy and reducing toxicity. In recent years, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted increasing interest as stable, efficient, and reusable biomacromolecule immobilization carriers. COFs exhibit good stability and biocompatibility with no biological toxicity, making them outstanding host materials for immobilizing biomacromolecules. However, the synthesis of COFs requires severe experimental conditions; the commonly used strategies for immobilizing biomacromolecules in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), such as biomimetic mineralization, one‐pot synthesis, and coprecipitation, are likely not applicable to COFs. Herein, three strategies for immobilizing biomacromolecules in COFs and the multifunctional biomedical applications of the biomacromolecule@COF composite systems are reviewed. Next, the superior properties and cutting‐edge applications of MOFs are mentioned and then the advantages of COF–MOF hybrid materials are highlighted.
Multimodal Sensors with Decoupled Sensing Mechanisms
Authors: Yang Ruoxi , Zhang Wanqing , Tiwari Naveen , Yan Han , Li Tiejun , Cheng Huanyu
Published: July 2022

Highly sensitive and multimodal sensors have recently emerged for a wide range of applications, including epidermal electronics, robotics, health‐monitoring devices and human–machine interfaces. However, cross‐sensitivity prevents accurate measurements of the target input signals when a multiple of them are simultaneously present. Therefore, the selection of the multifunctional materials and the design of the sensor structures play a significant role in multimodal sensors with decoupled sensing mechanisms. Hence, this review article introduces varying methods to decouple different input signals for realizing truly multimodal sensors. Early efforts explore different outputs to distinguish the corresponding input signals applied to the sensor in sequence. Next, this study discusses the methods for the suppression of the interference, signal correction, and various decoupling strategies based on different outputs to simultaneously detect multiple inputs. The recent insights into the materials' properties, structure effects, and sensing mechanisms in recognition of different input signals are highlighted. The presence of the various decoupling methods also helps avoid the use of complicated signal processing steps and allows multimodal sensors with high accuracy for applications in bioelectronics, robotics, and human–machine interfaces. Finally, current challenges and potential opportunities are discussed in order to motivate future technological breakthroughs.
Nonvolatile Logic‐in‐Memory Computing based on Solution‐Processed CuI Memristor
Authors: Li Bochang , Wei Wei , Luo Li , Gao Ming , Yu Zhi Gen , Li Sifan , Ang Kah‐Wee , Zhu Chunxiang
Published: July 2022

Memristors are intensively studied as being regarded as the critical components to realize the in‐memory computing paradigm. A novel electrochemical metallization memristor based on solution‐processed Pt/CuI/Cu structure is proposed and demonstrated in this work, with a high resistance switching ratio of 1.53 × 107. Owing to the efficient drift paths provided by Cu vacancies for Cu cations in CuI, very small operating voltages (Vset = 0.64 V and Vreset = −0.19 V) are characterized, contributing to ultralow standby power consumption of 9 fW and per set transition of 8.73 µW. Using CuI memristor arrays, a set of Boolean logic operations and a half‐adder are implemented. Moreover, by building the model for a 75 × 48 one‐transistor‐one‐memristor array, the feasibility of hardware encryption and decryption for images is verified. All these demonstrate that solution‐processed CuI memristors possess great potential in constructing energy‐efficient logic‐in‐memory computing architectures.
Recent Progress of Carbon‐Based Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells: From Efficiency to Stability
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Yu Zhenhua , Zhang Dan , Tai Qidong , Zhao Xing‐Zhong
Published: July 2022

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are regarded as a promising next‐generation photovoltaic technology. However, poor device stability limits their commercialization. Carbon‐based inorganic PSCs (C‐IPSCs) can meet stability challenge owing to the absence of organic components. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic carbon materials as hole transport layers and back electrodes simplify fabrication process, decrease costs, and protect devices from moisture erosion. Since the first attempt for C‐IPSCs in 2016, a series of strategies have been proposed to improve device performance, including the fabrication technique optimization, solvent engineering, composition engineering, interface engineering, charge transport layer optimization, and so on, and the power conversion efficiency of C‐IPSCs are rapidly increased from initial 5% to exceeding 15%. In this review, the recent progress of C‐IPSCs is summarized, the existing challenges in this field are discussed, followed by a prospect for future development.
Regulating the Polarization of Lithium Metal Anode via Active and Inactive 3D Conductive Mesh Structure
Authors: Choi Youngkyu , Kim Hyunjin , Yoo Jeeyoung
Published: July 2022

Lithium is spotlighted as the next‐generation battery anode owing to its low potential and high theoretical capacity. However, the volume changes and dendrite issues hinder its practical use as an anode material. Several metallic protective layers are used to overcome these problems. However, a comprehensive understanding of the material properties and structure of protective layers within an electric field is required to determine their suitability as protective layers. Herein, the reactivity with the Li of copper and stainless steel (SS) meshes within the electric field is compared, which are active and inactive protective layers, respectively. As inactive materials do not influence the Li‐ion chemistry, the protective layer minimizes Li consumption. These characteristics lead to reducing the anodic polarization because of stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer formation and effective utilization of the host space. A Li–Li symmetric cell configuration containing SS mesh as a protective layer exhibits stable cycling performance with a low overpotential (20 mV) for over 800 h at a current density of 1 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the SS mesh inhibits the galvanic corrosion between the Li metal anode and mesh layer because of its low reactivity with lithium.
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) culture in Kenya: Emerging production technologies and socio‐economic impacts on local livelihoods
Authors: Munguti Jonathan M. , Nairuti Rita , Iteba Jacob O. , Obiero Kevin O. , Kyule Domitila , Opiyo Mary A. , Abwao Jacob , Kirimi James G. , Outa Nicholas , Muthoka Mavindu , Githukia Cecilia M , Ogello Erick O.
Published: July 2022

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most farmed fish globally, with a significant contribution improving local livelihoods, especially in developing countries. Nile tilapia was first cultured in Kenya in 1924 and is the most cultured fish species. Annually, O. niloticus accounts for 62% (∼15,000 tonnes) of total aquaculture production. Although O. niloticus is the most preferred cultured fish, its culture faces challenges, for example, early maturation due to prolific breeding behaviour leading to stunted growth that limits its culture and profitability among smallholder farmers. With the surging demand for locally farmed fish, innovative technologies have emerged to boost aquaculture production. Donor and public research‐funded projects, for instance, the Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Project, are validating various aquaculture technologies, innovations and management practices (TIMPs) to achieve ‘triple wins’ of increased fish production, improved resilience and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)‐funded Aquaculture Business Development Programme aims at commercialising aquaculture to improve local livelihoods. In this study, we adopt a scoping review methodology to review and synthesise published literature on tilapia culture in Kenya to explore current and emerging tilapia production technologies and document their socio‐economic impacts on farmers’ livelihoods. These emerging innovative technologies range from culture systems, for example, biofloc, periphyton, fingerpond technology, integrated aquaculture, breeding and genetics (selective breeding), fish health and biosecurity measures, to post‐harvest loss reduction, value addition and marketing. The study findings reveal that the technologies have great potential to increase tilapia production and profitability and positively impact the local livelihoods of smallholder fish farmers through employment creation, economic growth and better nutrition.
Comparison of passive drool and cotton‐based collection methods for salivary C‐reactive protein measurement
Authors: Yau Joshua C. Y. , Fong Ted C. T. , Wan Adrian H. Y. , Ho Rainbow T. H.
Published: July 2022

Saliva collection and handling procedures for salivary C‐reactive protein (CRP) can be challenging due to a lack of standardized protocols. This study compared two collection methods used to quantify salivary CRP. Twenty‐two Chinese adults provided two unstimulated whole saliva samples using passive drool and cotton‐based collection devices in two consecutive mornings at baseline and 1 month later. The effects of various factors on CRP levels were analyzed using linear mixed models. Salivary CRP levels were significantly affected by collection time and method, but not day or wave. The CRP peaked upon awakening and declined 45 min later. CRP levels were significantly higher in the passive drool than in the cotton‐based method. The Bland–Altman plot revealed relative and proportional biases. The difference in the CRP levels between the methods decreased as the CRP levels increased. Results suggest that passive drool and cotton‐based collection methods should not be used interchangeably for measuring low levels of salivary CRP.
Demographics and medical comorbidities among hospitalized patients with Prader–Willi Syndrome: A National Inpatient Sample analysis
Authors: Luccarelli James
Published: July 2022

Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a multi‐system genetic disorder characterized by hyperphagia and a range of medical complications. While register and cohort studies have explored the natural course of the syndrome, there is little nationally‐representative data. In this study the National Inpatient Sample, a de‐identified all‐payors database of acute care hospital discharges in the United States, was queried for patients discharged with a diagnosis of PWS in 2019. Hospitalizations involving PWS were compared to hospitalizations without a PWS diagnosis matched based on demographic and hospital factors. In total, 540 hospitalizations (95% CI: 513–567) included a diagnosis of PWS. Median age at time of admission was 22 years, with an interquartile range of 6.3–37.8 years. Respiratory conditions accounted for 110 (20.4%) of primary discharge diagnoses, with infectious conditions for 70 (13.0%) and digestive conditions for 65 (12.0%). Hospitalizations involving PWS were significantly more likely to involve respiratory failure (OR 5.49; 95% CI 3.86–7.80), septicemia (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.97–3.96), or intestinal obstruction and ileus (OR 6.29; 95% CI 3.70–10.7) compared to matched hospitalizations without PWS. Obesity was diagnosed in 230 PWS hospitalizations (42.6%; OR 3.86, 95% CI 3.17–4.72 relative to non‐PWS hospitalizations). These results point to an ongoing need for the improved diagnosis and treatment of PWS complications, and highlight the importance of specific billing codes for rare diseases to enhance the collection of real world evidence.
Rhodium‐catalyzed Insertion Reaction of Perfluoroarenes into Unprotected Peptide Disulfides
Authors: Fukumoto Kohei , Yazaki Masana , Arisawa Mieko
Published: July 2022

The method of rhodium‐catalyzed insertion reaction of perfluoroarenes between unprotected peptide cystine disulfides is developed. The method is applicable to peptides containing amino acids such as Ser, Asn, Asp, and Lys without affecting hydroxy, primary amine, carboxylic acid, and amide groups. The reaction does not require a base and proceeds under acidic, neutral, and basic conditions. No free thiols are detected, and the reaction is considered to proceed via rhodium thiolates. A crossover experiment shows minimal scrambling of organothio groups.
Multitasking Device Regulated by the Gravity Field: Broadband Anapole‐Excited Absorber and Linear Polarization Converter
Authors: Qu Jia , Pan Hao , Sun Yuan‐Zhe , Zhang Hai‐Feng
Published: July 2022

In this paper, an innovative multitasking device (MTD) regulated by the gravity field realizing the functions of metamaterial absorber (MMA) and linear polarization converter (LPC) is proposed and theoretically investigated. When the device operates in the function of MMA, the engineered SRR structure offers robust conditions for the formation of anapole mode. The anapole mode can lead to destructive interference in the far‐field and constructive interference within the configuration synchronously; thereby, the incident wave energy can be consumed strongly. It is verified that the proposed MTD in the MMA state can acquire a high absorption rate exceeding 0.9 from 10.82 to 13.55 GHz, with a broad relative bandwidth (RBW) of 22.4%. While in the LPC state, the utilization of the “L”‐shaped structure successfully introduces an equivalent magnetic resonance to achieve the translation of the incident wave polarization state. In this case, the orthogonal state of the incident beam can be obtained by the MTD with the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) over 0.9 in the range of 2.62–3.72 GHz, whose RBW is 34.7%. The design accomplishes the functional combination of MMA and LPC through the gravity field regulation, simultaneously staggering the operating bands to guarantee their independence and anti‐interference.
Capture, Storage, and Release of Oxygen by Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
Authors: Sutton Ashley L. , Melag Leena , Sadiq M. Munir , Hill Matthew R.
Published: July 2022

Oxygen is a critical gas for medical and industrial settings. Much of today's global oxygen supply is via inefficient technologies such as cryogenic distillation, membranes or zeolites. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) promise a superior alternative for oxygen separation, as their fundamental chemistry can in principle be tailored for reversible and selective oxygen capture. We evaluate the characteristics for reversible and selective uptake of oxygen by MOFs, focussing on redox‐active sites. Key characteristics for separation can also be seen in MOFs for oxygen storage roles. Engineering solutions to release adsorbed oxygen from the MOFs are discussed including Temperature Swing Adsorption (TSA), Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) and the highly efficient Magnetic Induction Swing Adsorption (MISA). We conclude with the applications and outlooks for oxygen capture, storage and release, and the likely impacts the next generation of MOFs will have on industry and the broader community.
Polyzwitterionic Hydrogels for Highly Efficient High Salinity Solar Desalination
Authors: Lei Chuxin , Guan Weixin , Guo Youhong , Shi Wen , Wang Yuyang , Johnston Keith P. , Yu Guihua
Published: July 2022

Interfacial solar vapor generation (SVG) is regarded as a promising and sustainable strategy for clean water production. While many materials have demonstrated excellent evaporation rates under one sun, it remains challenging to design solar evaporators without compromising SVG performance in high‐salinity brines (≥10 wt %). Herein, polyzwitterionic hydrogels (PZHs) are proposed as a novel platform for high‐salinity solar desalination. Taking advantage of the unique anti‐polyelectrolyte effects, PZHs can trap salt ions from the brine water to form a more hydrated polymer network, leading to enhanced SVG performance. PZHs exhibit an exceptional solar evaporation rate of 4.14 kg m−2 h−1in 10 wt % brine, which is ≈20 % higher than that in pure water. It is anticipated that salt‐responsive PZHs may provide insights for the design of next‐generation solar desalination systems.
Solid–Liquid Interfacial Coordination Chemistry Enables High‐Capacity Ammonium Storage in Amorphous Manganese Phosphate
Authors: Yang Duo , Song Yu , Zhang Ming‐Yue , Qin Zengming , Liu Jie , Liu Xiao‐Xia
Published: July 2022

Ammonium (NH4+) ion as charge carrier is attracting attention in aqueous batteries. Yet, most NH4+ host materials are still limited by the relatively low capacities. Here, we fabricated a manganese phosphate (MP‐20) for NH4+ ion storage. MP‐20 displays a high capacity of 299.6 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 in ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) electrolyte, outperforming other reported NH4+ host materials. Spectroscopy studies suggest a new NH4+/H+ co‐insertion mechanism. We surprisingly discover that the NH4Ac electrolyte plays an important role in improving the charge storage capability of the materials. Experimental and computational results indicate acetate ions can form coordination bonds with the Mn atoms, tailoring the electronic structure of the Mn atoms and the surrounding O atoms, and therefore facilitating the NH4+ storage process. Our findings provide a new NH4+ host material and propose the important role of the electrolyte‐electrode coordination effect in aqueous ammonium batteries.
Evaluation and perception of online teaching of molecular biology using DingTalk for international medical students during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Jiang Xiaoying , Ning Qilan
Published: July 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic has greatly impacted the education of international students. The authors taught a molecular biology course using the DingTalk platform for international medical students (IMS) in the autumn semester of 2020. We assessed the effect of this online teaching based on an online questionnaire and by analysis of the final examination scores. Our findings demonstrate that the DingTalk platform is a free, effective and convenient online teaching tool for international students. The students' feedback showed that most of them were satisfied with this live teaching with DingTalk. They considered who viewed that the questions used in the live classroom setting were helpful for their learning. There is nonetheless still scope to improve this online teaching mode for international students, such as providing more pre‐recorded teaching videos for offline application and use of a virtual simulation experimental molecular biology course. We hope that our findings regarding the experience of IMS with this teaching mode will be of value to other academic faculty.
Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with receipt of biomarker testing in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Markt Sarah C. , Booker Benjamin D. , Bensken Wyatt , Schiltz Nicholas K. , Schumacher Fredrick R. , Rose Johnie , Cooper Greg , Selfridge J. Eva , Koroukian Siran M.
Published: July 2022

Background

Standard clinical practice and national guidelines dictate somatic testing of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) tumors to guide appropriate therapy; however, previous studies suggest that not all patients are tested. The objective of this study was to investigate potential differences in testing for mCRC by demographic and clinical factors.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of de‐identified patient data derived from electronic health records (EHRs) of 25,469 patients diagnosed with mCRC between the years 2013 and 2020. Our outcome was a receipt of the following tests: (a) biomarker testing (BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, MMR/MSI) and (b) next‐generation sequencing (NGS). We interrogated our data using the machine‐learning algorithm Classification and Regression Tree (CART), a unique approach to identifying combinations of, rather than individual demographic and clinical characteristics associated with receipt of testing.

Results

A total of 25,469 patients were identified with mCRC. Of these, 21,133 (83%) received either biomarker testing only (n = 12,485) or any testing (biomarker + NGS) (n = 8648). The proportion of patients who received any testing increased over calendar time for all age, race, and sex categories. Receipt of any testing was highest (90%) among younger and patients with better performance status, and there was no difference in receipt of any testing by race. The highest percentage of NGS testing was among those with better performance status, <70 years old, commercial or other governmental program payers, and low comorbidity burden; however, those who were Black or Hispanic had a lower prevalence of NGS testing than those who were White.

Conclusions and Relevance

Considerable variations exist in somatic biomarker testing across subgroups of the population. Identification of genomic alterations can aid in determining targeted treatment and improving clinical outcomes; therefore, equitable use of these testing strategies, particularly NGS, is necessary.
Incidentally discovered lacunar image of the mandible: A diagnostic orientation
Authors: Kammoun Rym , Chaabani Imen , Ben Alaya Touhami
Published: July 2022

Stafne bone cavity belongs to the class of pseudocysts as a mandibular radiolucency image with well‐defined borders. It is asymptomatic and incidentally discovered. CT scan is the best examination to identify characteristics and content of this image. This study aimed to highlight these radiological features to establish the correct diagnosis.
Ligand Backbone Influence on the Enantioselectivity in the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Ketones with NH3/H2 Using Binaphthyl‐Substituted Phosphines
Authors: Menche Maximilian , Klein Philippe , Hermsen Marko , Konrath Robert , Ghosh Tamal , Wysocki Jedrzej , Ernst Martin , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schäfer Ansgar , Comba Peter , Schaub Thomas
Published: July 2022

The influence of the ligand backbone on the enantioselectivity in the ruthenium‐catalyzed direct asymmetric reductive amination of acetophenone with NH3 and H2, using bidentate binaphthyl‐substituted phosphine ligands, was investigated in a combined computational and experimental study. A model for the bite angle dependence of the enantiomeric excess (ee) when using diphosphines bearing binaphthyl‐groups on the P‐atoms was developed. This revealed a significant potential for increasing the enantioselectivity, if ligands with a larger bite angle than the previously reported (S,S)‐f‐binaphane are used. Suitable backbone candidates were selected from more than one million structures provided by the Cambridge Structural Database (CCDC‐CSD) and the most promising candidates were synthesized accordingly. Despite all efforts, an increase of the ee was not possible with this approach. The larger backbones resulted in the preference of different ligand coordination modes avoiding the formation of the more strongly enantiodiscriminant substrate pocket between the naphthyl wings.
Cocatalyst Effect in Transition Metal Catalyzed Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization
Authors: Chen Ao , Ma Zhanshan , Pan Yao , Chen Min , Zou Chen
Published: July 2022

Transition‐metal‐based olefin polymerization catalysts usually require activation with a cocatalyst to initiate polymerization reactions. Borane type cocatalyst is one of the most important classes of cocatalysts that can significantly influence the catalytic performances. In this contribution, we designed and prepared a series of borane cocatalysts, and subsequently investigated their properties in a titanium‐based Constrained Geometry Catalyst (CGC‐Ti) catalyzed ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1‐octene copolymerization. Among these borane cocatalysts, B(C6F5)2OtBu exhibited outstanding cocatalyst performances, achieving activity of up to 1.06×107 g mol−1 h−1 and polymer molecular weight of up to 88.2×104 g mol−1 in ethylene polymerization. In ethylene/1‐octene copolymerization, this borane enabled activity of up to 2.46×106  g mol−1 h−1, affording copolymers with comonomer incorporation of up to 12.8 % and copolymer molecular weight up to 18.3×104 g mol−1. The superior properties of B(C6F5)2OtBu originated from its unique activation mode with the oxygen atom being coordinated to the active metal center.
Validation of a procedure for the numerical simulations of gas–liquid stirred tanks by means of a computational fluid dynamics approach
Authors: Maluta Francesco , Alberini Federico , Montante Giuseppina , Paglianti Alessandro
Published: July 2022

Impellers with concave and vertically asymmetric blades proved superior gas dispersion capabilities and power consumption characteristics under gassed turbulent conditions with respect to traditional flat‐blade turbines in aerated fermenters. In this study, a pilot‐size gas–liquid tank stirred with an asymmetric blade disk impeller is numerically investigated by means of a Reynolds averaged two‐fluid model combined with a simplified population balance model without adjustable parameters. This work aims at increasing the predictive capabilities of computational fluid dynamics multiphase modelling by validating a computational approach for the realistic simulation of industrial aerated fermenters and thus allowing for a more reliable scale‐up. A methodology for achieving fully predictive results on fundamental variables for gas–liquid stirred tanks such as gassed power consumption, overall gas hold‐up, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient, with affordable computational requirements at pilot and industrial scale is presented. Two‐phase results are compared with the experimental data collected in a geometry matching the computational domain equipped with 3 planes of 16 sensors to enable electro‐resistance tomography measurements and with suitable correlations from the literature. The limits and strength of the numerical procedure are discussed, starting from the comparison between computational predictions and experimental measurements.
Design and development of a simple and highly sensitive anthocyanin‐based sensing device for colorimetric urea determination
Authors: Ul Haq Shamshad , Aghajamali Maryam , Hassanzadeh Hassan
Published: July 2022

We introduce a rapid anthocyanin‐based paper sensor with very high sensitivity and optical visibility for colorimetric detection of urea. The working principle is based on a colour change from purple to blue upon sensor exposure to ammonia generated from urea hydrolysis in the presence of urease as a catalyst. To improve sensor sensitivity and optical visibility, anthocyanin storage, urease solvent, urea hydrolysis time, and temperature were investigated. The results indicated that the anthocyanin extracted from red cabbage and stored in dark and low‐temperature conditions, urease extracted into water55 + glycerol45 (Aq55 + G45), and urea hydrolysis time of 40 min and temperature of 45°C offer the best detection condition. The fabricated sensor showed exceptional sensitivity of 0.018 pixel/mg urea‐N/L with a very low limit of detection (2.01 mg urea‐N/L) and a limit of quantification (6.71 mg urea‐N/L). Moreover, the sensor reaction zone is optically visible for urea concentration as low as 5 mg urea‐N/L, making it a promising tool for urea screening in diverse applications. The unique analytical features and accuracy of the sensor compared to the spectrophotometry method also suggest that it can be used as a replacement for environmentally unfriendly spectrophotometry methods for on‐site urea determination.
Proof of Modulational Instability of Stokes Waves in Deep Water
Authors: Nguyen Huy Q. , Strauss Walter A.
Published: July 2022

It is proven that small‐amplitude steady periodic water waves with infinite depth are unstable with respect to long‐wave perturbations. This modulational instability was first observed more than half a century ago by Benjamin and Feir. It has been proven rigorously only in the case of finite depth. We provide a completely different and self‐contained approach to prove the spectral modulational instability for water waves in both the finite and infinite depth cases. © 2022 Courant Institute of Mathematics and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
An Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Neuroblastoma Markers: Complexation Studies as a Tool for the Selection of a Suitable Receptor for Electrode Coating
Authors: Salvadori Karolína , Páleš Jakub Marián , Shishkanova Tatiana V. , Trchová Miroslava , Fajgar Radek , Matějka Pavel , Cuřínová Petra
Published: July 2022

Homovanillate (HVA) and vanilmandelate (VMA) are recognized markers of diseases, including neuroblastoma. However, their detection in urine represents a challenging task due to the complexity of the matrix. Here, a design, synthesis and thorough investigation of polymerizable urea‐based receptors interacting with HVA and VMA are reported. The selection of receptor with the best anion recognition properties for electrode coating is based on 1H‐NMR and UV‐Vis complexation studies. The sensor is prepared by electropolymerization with progress monitoring by cyclic voltammetry. The deposited layer is characterized by IR and scanning electron microscopy. The obtained sensor shows an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy response to VMA with linear range 9.9×10−6 to 1.2×10−3 M and LOD of 3.4×10−6 M. The sensor selectivity was demonstrated by the determination of VMA level in the presence of 16 μM HVA and in artificial urine with and without phosphates, with standard deviations of 0.11, 0.17 and 0.09, respectively.
Bite force of patients with tooth pain
Authors: Shoji Yoshinobu , Yusof Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd , Idris Rostam Iffendi Bin , Mitrirattanakul Somsak
Published: July 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to measure the bite force of healthy adults and patients with tooth pain and (ii) to evaluate the influence of bite force and age on tooth pain and both genders. It is hypothesized that patients with tooth pain would have lesser bite forces as compared to healthy individuals.

Material and Methods

Two groups of participants were, the first group comprised 18 healthy adults (9 males, 9 females), while the second group comprised 18 patients with tooth pain (9 males, 9 females), recruited from the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA. Their maximum bite forces were recorded using the Prescale system that consists of pressure‐sensitive films and a precalibrated scanning device. Logistic regression models were used using bite force and age on dichotomous responses of tooth pain status and gender.

Results

The mean bite force of patients with tooth pain was 684.77 ± 501.13 N, which was lesser than 798.33 ± 492.16 N of the healthy adults. The reduced gender logistic regression model on gender with age was found to be statistically significant (p ≤ .05).

Conclusions

Even though the mean bite force was smaller in the group with dental pain, this difference was not statistically significant.
ROS‐driven cellular methane formation: Potential implications for health sciences
Authors: Keppler Frank , Ernst Leonard , Polag Daniela , Zhang Jingyao , Boros Mihaly
Published: July 2022

Recently it has been proposed that methane might be produced by all living organisms via a mechanism driven by reactive oxygen species that arise through the metabolic activity of cells. Here, we summarise details of this novel reaction pathway and discuss its potential significance for clinical and health sciences. In particular, we highlight the role of oxidative stress in cellular methane formation. As several recent studies also demonstrated the anti‐inflammatory potential for exogenous methane‐based approaches in mammalians, this article addresses the intriguing question if ROS‐driven methane formation has a general physiological role and associated diagnostic potential.
Functional genomic analysis of epithelioid sarcoma reveals distinct proximal and distal subtype biology
Authors: Rasmussen Samuel V. , Jin Jia xiang , Bickford Lissett R. , Woods Andrew D. , Sahm Felix , Crawford Kenneth A. , Nagamori Kiyo , Goto Hiroaki , Torres Keila E. , Sidoni Angelo , Rudzinski Erin R. , Thway Khin , Jones Robin L. , Ciulli Alessio , Wright Hollis , Lathara Melvin , Srinivasa Ganapati , Kannan Kavya , Huang Paul H. , Grünewald Thomas G. P. , Berlow Noah E. , Keller Charles
Published: July 2022

Background

Metastatic epithelioid sarcoma (EPS) remains a largely unmet clinical need in children, adolescents and young adults despite the advent of EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat.

Methods

In order to realise consistently effective drug therapies, a functional genomics approach was used to identify key signalling pathway vulnerabilities in a spectrum of EPS patient samples. EPS biopsies/surgical resections and cell lines were studied by next‐generation DNA exome and RNA deep sequencing, then EPS cell cultures were tested against a panel of chemical probes to discover signalling pathway targets with the most significant contributions to EPS tumour cell maintenance.

Results

Other biologically inspired functional interrogations of EPS cultures using gene knockdown or chemical probes demonstrated only limited to modest efficacy in vitro. However, our molecular studies uncovered distinguishing features (including retained dysfunctional SMARCB1 expression and elevated GLI3, FYN and CXCL12 expression) of distal, paediatric/young adult‐associated EPS versus proximal, adult‐associated EPS.

Conclusions

Overall results highlight the complexity of the disease and a limited chemical space for therapeutic advancement. However, subtle differences between the two EPS subtypes highlight the biological disparities between younger and older EPS patients and emphasise the need to approach the two subtypes as molecularly and clinically distinct diseases.