bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perubahan Luas Penutupan Padang Lamun Di Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Kawaroe Mujizat , Jaya Indra , S. Indarto H. , Sari Dahlia Wulan , W. Sundari Wening
Published: February 2022

Seagrass is one of productive and economical marine ecosystem, but recently there are indications that this area is decreasing and every kind of damage is happening. The research was conducted to reveal the change of seagrass width area and to determine the suitable location for donor and acceptor of seagrass transplantation. Methods of research were collecting and analyzing the satellite image of the research location, bathymetri mapping and water quality parameter, and also determining environment charasteristics that suitable to be performed by counting Seagrass Transplantation Suitability Index (STSI). The results show that in year 1999-2004, the derivation area of seagrass was 678.300 m2. Pari island has depth range between 0-50 metres and the physics and chemical parameter of water have a good range where the seagrass can live. According to the analysis result of STSI, suitable areas for seagrass transplantation donor is station no. 5 and 6 for seagrass species of Enhalus acoroides and station no. 2 and 7 for seagrass species Thalassia hemprichii. The implication of this research is that the seagrass needs rehabilitation to overcome seagrass ecosystem for better condition.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kulit Batang Ailanthus altissima terhadap Perubahan Sel Hati dan Ginjal Mencit
Authors: Praptiwi Praptiwi , Kuncari Emma Sri , Agungpriyono Dewi Ratih , Chairunnisa Chairunnisa
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the toxicopathological effect of Ailanthus altissima extract in liver and kidney of the mouse. The treatments in this study were: (1) negative control (carboxy methocellulose), extracts with concentration of (2) 1 mg/kg BW, (3) 10 mg/kg BW, (4) 100 mg/kg BW, and (5) 1000 mg/kg BW. Every treatment consisted of 5 mice. After receiving A.altissima extract for seven day consecutively, the mice were then euthanized with overdose of ether. The liver and kidney were taken and then fixed within 10% solution of Buffer Neutral Formalin (BNF). Histopathology slides of liver and kidney were processed and stained with Hematoxylline Eosin. The cell degeneration and cell death were observed with video photo microscope. The lesion of cell death and degeneration of hepatocytes and epithelium of kidney proximal tubule were counted. The data were analyzed statistically with ANOVA test continued with Duncan test. The result showed that cell necrosis of hepatocytes was not significantly different (P>0.05) compared to control treatment, while cell necrosis was increasing in the treatment of ≥ 10 mg/kg BW in tubuli of the kidney.
Kandungan Protein dan Isoflavon pada Kedelai dan Kecambah Kedelai
Authors: Winarsi Hery , Purwanto Agus , Dwiyanti Hidayah
Published: February 2022

The research was conducted to explore protein and isoflavone content on soy non germed and soy germed. Soybean “slamet” was rinsed, dipped over night, drained, put in a moist room, and water sprinkled once in a while until germed. The husk of soy and soy germ were removed, and then the soy and soy germ were extracted by NaCl physiologic to become slurry. The slurry pH was arranged to 5.0, centrifugated at 10.000 rpm, and the precipitation was dryed in 70oC to obtain the soy protein and the soy germ protein flour. The levels of protein and isoflavone flour were determined. The result showed that protein content of soy was 36.5%, while protein of soy germ was 42%. The isoflavone of soy protein was 26.7 ppm, consisting of 11.5 ppm genistein, 10.2 ppm daidzein and 5 ppm glicitein, but the soy germ protein was 39.1 ppm, consisting of 14.6 ppm genistein, 16.9 ppm daidzein and 7.6 ppm glicitein. The conclusion is that germed process could increase protein and isoflavone content. The soy protein isoflavone was dominated by genistein and daidzein, while soy germ protein isoflavone was dominated by daidzein and glicitein.
Perilaku Harian Buaya Muara (Crocodylus porosus, Schneider 1801) di Pusat Penyelamatan Satwa Jogja
Authors: I. Purwo Setio , Muharromi A. Fanani , Prihantono Subekti , Qurniawan Tony Febri , Nugraha A. Prima , Eprilurahman Rury
Published: February 2022

The aim of this research was to find out the daily behaviour of Crocodylus porosus in Jogja Animal Rescue Center (PPSJ). The daily behaviour included feeding habit, social behaviour, basking and movement. This research was using Focal Animal Sampling Method and observed for four months. As individual targets were male and female dominant of C. porosus, Monti and Bunda. The Runs test showed that the behavior of C. porosus had a pattern in daily activities. Based on Mann-Whitney U test, both male and female of C. porosus did not have any difference in feeding habit (U=16; n1= 6; n2=6; p>0,05), social behaviour (U=29; n1= 8; n2=8; p>0,05), basking (U=12; n1= 5; n2=5; p>0,05) and movement (U=16; n1= 6; n2=6; p>0,05).
Kelimpahan Cacing Tanah pada Beberapa Jenis Tegakan Pohon di Wanagama I
Authors: Supriyo Haryono , Musyafa Musyafa , Figyantika Arom , Gamayanti Saptuti
Published: February 2022

Earthworms feed exclusively on dead organic matter (OM). The earthworm population is regulated by organic matter availability and soil characteristics. The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of seasonal change to the abundance and biomass of earthworms in Wanagama I. Collection of the soil samples was conducted from a quadrangle 25 x 25x 25 cm with the depth of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm with 5 replications under stands of Glyricidae, Leucaena, Teak, Acacia, Eucalyptus and Mahogany. Soil samples were taken at rainy season (February), early dry season (July) and dry season (October) 2004. The earthworms were manually extracted from soil samples and the abundance was stated as number and biomass of dry weight. The result showed the abundance and biomass of earthworms were high only in February at the soil depth of 0-10 cm. The highest number of earthworm and biomass was found in Mahogany stand (224,000 individual.ha-1/105.6 kg.ha-1). Multiple linier regression analysis showed that abundance of earthworms was affected by soil moisture content, while the biomass of earthworms was affected by soil pH and bulk density (aeration).
Pengaruh Lengas Nisbi dan Suhu terhadap Kerusakan Gaplek Akibat Aspergillus flavus Selama Penyimpanan
Authors: Oramahi H. A. , Sumardiyono Christanti , Pusposendjojo Nursamsi , Haryadi Haryadi
Published: February 2022

A study on the spoilage of dried cassava by Aspergillus flavus was still limited so that such study is very important to do. This experiment was done to examine the effect of relative humidity (RH) and storage room temperature on the development of A. flavus and dried cassava spoilage during storage time. Based on the population of A. flavus, starch content, reduction sugar content, and water content of dried cassava, it was concluded that RH 65%, the temperature of 30 and 35oC had better storage condition for dried cassava because it resulted in the lowest population of A. flavus and the lowest deterioration of dried cassava.
Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Bahan Kebugaran Dalam Naskah Lontar Rukmini Tatwa Masyarakat Bali
Authors: Suryadarma I.G.P.
Published: February 2022

Rukmini Tatwa is a traditional health and beauty Balinese script. That script was written on the leaves of palm tree (Borrassus flabellifer). The basic concepts of healthy and beauty are generally considered the integrated result of physical, mental and emotional. Rukmini Tatwa is traditional beauty that refers the practice of using natural plants substances. The script documented more than one hundred plant use, composition and therapy. The plants are prepared in various ways. Parts of plant used are the leaves, flowers, root, stem, bark, fruit, seed and tuber. Most of the concoction is made simply by grinding and pounding. Its knowledge is equal to the traditional medicine. Rukmini Tatwa illustrated to maintain the family harmony from lack of fitness and beauty as well as to solve sexual problems.
Producing the Greatest Good for Greatest Numbers-Implementation of Utilitarianism Principle: The Case Study of Producing Recombinant Protein of JDV
Authors: Margawati Endang Tri
Published: February 2022

Advanced technology in molecular biology often uses microorganism, consequently, researcher should have a responsibility in producing of laboratory products safely both for human and their environment. This presentation was intended (1) to report recombinant protein research in the Jembrana Disease Virus (JDV); (2) to identify relevancy of the ethics towards the research of recombinant protein and (3) to discuss relationship of utilitarianism principle with the development of the recombinant protein. The Jembrana disease is an infectious virus caused by a virus classified as retrovirus of Retrovidae family. The disease only attacks Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) that caused about 20% mortality rate. Up to present, crude vaccine from lymph organ of acute infected Bali cattle is often used for vaccination. Development of the Jembrana vaccine was attempted to increase the availability of qualified Jembrana vaccine by recombinant DNA approaches subsequently could be used as vaccine substances. This article was presented with much bioethics issues in associated with recombinant protein research and other examples of related research which use micro-organism in their investigation. It is expected that bioethics could be a restrain for researchers who deal with advanced technology in their investigation.
Keragaman Genetik Kultivar Pisang Diploid (AA) Koleksi Cibinong Science Center Berdasarkan Marka RAPD dan ISSR
Authors: Poerba Yuyu Suryasari , Ahmad Fajarudin
Published: February 2022

The banana (Musa acuminata Colla) is considered as an important crop plant due to its high economic value which also has good dietary source. Here, the genetic variation of 20 diploid (AA) banana cultivars from Cibinong Science Center collection were analyzed. Random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats fingerprinting of these banana cultivars were carried out by four primers of RPDSs and two primers of inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) led to DNA amplification. The amplification products of RPADs and ISSRs were polymorphic, 97.83% and 95%, respectively. Size of the bands was varied from 350bp to 2.0 kbp. The range of genetic distance was from 0.06 to 0.07. The molecular data showed that these banana varieties were diverse collection.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Bacillus yang Berasosiasi dengan Landak Laut di Pantai Mentigi, Lombok Barat
Authors: Suryadi Bambang Fajar , Febrian Novi
Published: February 2022

The search for new antimicrobial agents is very significant. The prevalence of antimicrobialresistance among key microbial pathogens is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Bacillusspecies produce many kinds of antibiotics which share a full range of antimicrobial activities.The aim of this research is to study antibacterial activity of three bacillus isolates (1A, 2J, 3L)which were isolated in Mentigi Beach, West Lombok. Assessment for antibacterial activity wasconducted using Overlaid Molten agar method on Nutrient Agar medium at different salinity(concentration of NaCl 0, 5, 10%) and different pH (pH 6, 7 and 8). The study showed that therewere different antibacterial activities at different salinity and different pH media. Production ofantibacterial at 0% NaCl concentration occurred only at pH 6 and 7 and had narrow spectrumcharacter (only for Gram positive bacteria). Addition of 5% NaCl made antibacterialproduction might occur at pH 6, 7 and 8 and had wide spectrum character (for Gram positiveand negative bacteria).
Purifikasi Kolagenase dari Usus Bandeng (Channos channos, Forskal)
Authors: Yuniarti Tatty , Nurhayati Tati , Jacoeb Agoes Mardiono
Published: February 2022

Collagenase was purified from intestines of milkfish (Chanos chanos, Forskal) by extraction,ammonium precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A-50 and gelfiltration on a Sephadex G-100 column. The purification and yields were 114.731 fold and1.26% when compared to those in the starting-crude extract. The molecular mass of milkfishserine collagenase was estimated to be 14.63 kDa and 27.46 kDa.
Kepekaan Cacing Laut Ophryotrocha diadema (Polychaeta: Dorvilleidae) terhadap Cemaran Metil Merkuri (MeHg)
Authors: Lasut Markus Talintukan , Pangkey Henneke
Published: February 2022

Susceptibility of the marine polychaete Ophryotrocha diadema (Polychaeta: Dorvilleidae) towards the neurotoxic methyl mercury (MeHg) contamination was studied in an experimental chamber, which was aimed to assess and compare the susceptibility level of the organism based on its generations (F0, F1, F2, and F3). Seven variables of growth and reproduction aspects were applied as indicators in this study; they were: 1) individual growth, 2) first time the egg laid, 3) number of eggs per individu, 4) number of eggs per egg mass, 5) number of eggs to larva per egg mass, 6) number of mortality per egg mass, and 7) reproductive potential. Observation was conducted on the treatment (MeHg in concentration of 0,00025 ppb) and the control (no MeHg) to each of the generations (F0, F1, F2, and F3). Data obtained were analysed for average and standard deviation. Comparison of susceptibility within the generations was calculated using the variable of reproductive potential. The results showed that there were differences between the treatments and the control for all of the variables. Comparison on the susceptibility of the polychaete within the generations to MeHg contamination was F0<F1=F3<F2. It was concluded that the F2 generation had the highest susceptibility among the others.
Peran Ovicidal Herbal Serbuk Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L) Matang Terhadap Telur Cacing Ascaris suum
Authors: Ardana Ida
Published: February 2022

An in vitro experiment to determine the effect of ground mature papaya seeds on characteristics of Ascaris suum eggs was conducted employing a Randomized Block Design. Four doses of the ground preparation – 0 mg (as control), 285 mg, 570 mg, and 855 mg- in 40 ml of physiological saline solution – were used to soak 100 eggs. Six replications were made. Worm eggs were obtained from the uteruses of ascariasis pigs slaughtered at the local abattoir. The eggs characteristics observed after application of the treatment were the embryo formation ability and the damage of egg cell layers. Statistical analysis was applied to the data collected using Analysis of Variance followed by Least Significance Test. The results showed that the ability of treated eggs to form embryos was significantly lower than that of control. Such a decrease in embryo formation ability could be related to the formation of granule (albumen coagulation) in the egg cell layers after the treatments. All treated eggs possessed such granules.
Kemampuan Selulosa Daun Mahkota Nanas (Ananas comosus) Sebagai Bioadsorben Logam Tembaga (Cu)
Authors: Indah Murwani Yulianti,Wibowo Nugroho Jati Desinyata Desinyata Keon
Published: February 2022

Air limbah yang mengandung logam berat dari proses industri dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah limbah di lingkungan adalah dengan teknologi bioadsorbsi. Bioadsorben yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah selulosa daun mahkota nanas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) mengetahui kemampuan selulosa daun mahkota nanas dalam menurunkan kadar logam berat tembaga (Cu), (2) mengetahui kadar selulosa daun mahkota nanas dalam menurunkan logam berat Cu, (3) mengetahui pengaruh penambahan selulosa dan varisi waktu terhadap kadar Cu, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dan pH. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial, yakni dengan dua perlakuan (variasi selulosa dan waktu) dan tiga kali pengulangan. Data hasil penelitian kuantitatif ini akan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Kadar Cu, TDS, TSS dan nilai pH akan dianalisis menggunakan SPSS dengan uji ANAVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  dengan penambahan selulosa dan variasi waktu terjadi penurunan kadar Cu sebesar 72,87% pada waktu 1 jam dengan selulosa 1,5 gr dan kenaikan kadar TDS dan TSS dari waktu 0 sampai 3 jam serta kenaikan nilai pH. Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia No 5 Tahun 2014 kadar Cu dan pH dalam penelitian ini belum berada di bawah baku mutu sedangkan kadar TDS dan TSS sudah berada di bawah baku mutu limbah.
Daya Bunuh Insektisida Hayati Vermileachate dan Teh Vermikompos Terhadap Kutu Kebul (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) pada Tanaman Mint (Mentha piperita L.)
Authors: , Wibowo Nugroho Jati,Felicia Zahida Nathanael Wirandhi Syarief
Published: February 2022

Teh vermikompos dan vermileachate merupakan cairan turunan produk vermikompos yang mengandung berbagai senyawa aktif yang berperan sebagai insektisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui daya bunuh larutan uji terhadap Bemisia tabaci Genn. dari tanaman mint (Mentha piperita L.) dengan konsentrasi dan waktu paparan teh vermikompos dan vermileachate yang memberikan dampak daya bunuh ±50 %. Percobaan penelitian menggunakan RAF (rancangan acak faktorial) sebanyak tiga kali pengulangan. Konsentrasi larutan yang diberikan ialah 10, 20, 30, dan 40 % dengan waktu paparan 6, 12, dan 24 jam. Simpulan yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah teh vermikompos konsentrasi 30 % dan vermileachate konsentrasi 20 % menyebabkan daya bunuh B. tabaci dari tanaman mint sebesar  45,82 dan 46,18 %.
Pengaruh Ekstraksi Benih Mentimun dengan Sodium Hipoklorit (NaOCl) dan Teknik Pengeringan Benih terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Mentimun (Cucumis sativus)
Authors: Kartina Kartina , Karlina Wiwik , Mardhiana Mardhiana
Published: February 2022

Kendala dalam penanganan benih mentimun adalah adanya selaput daging berlendir (pulp), yang menyebabkan benih mudah terinfeksi penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstraksi benih mentimun dengan Sodium hipoklorit (NaOCl) dan teknik pengeringan berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif benih mentimun. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial, yang terdiri dari dari 8 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan two way anova, dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan ekstraksi benih dengan NaOCl dan teknik pengeringan berbeda pada benih mentimun, tidak menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata pada semua parameter, kecuali pada parameter jumlah daun pada tanaman yang berumur 21 dan 28 hari setelah tanam (HST), NaOCl secara umum menekan pertumbuhan vegetatif seperti tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan luas daun. Namun pada parameter panjang akar, berat basah dan berat kering tanaman kombinasi perlakuan NaOCl 15% dan pengeringan dengan oven (K3D1) konsisten menunjukkan nilai tertinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui nilai vigor dan viabilitas benih, serta hasil tanaman yang diperoleh.
Potensi Calotropis gigantea dalam Fitoremediasi Logam Berat Timbal (Pb)
Authors: Yulianti Indah Murwani
Published: February 2022

Timbal (Pb), sering disebut timah hitam, merupakan salah satu logam berat yang cukup berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Upaya pemulihan tanah yang tercemar logam berat perlu dilakukan salah satunya dengan fitoremediasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi tanaman Calotropis giganteapotensi dalam meremediasi tanah tercemar logam beratPb serta melihat efektivitasnya.Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan penambahan logam berat Pb sebanyak 0 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm dan 750 ppm. Tanaman yang digunakan adalah biduri (Calotropis gigantea) yang telah dilakukan aklimasi selama 1 bulan dan perlakuan fitoremediasi selama 28 hari. Setelah dilakukan penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: tanaman Calotropis giganteamemiliki potensi dalam meremediasi tanah tercemar logam beratPb dengan kemampuan menyerap sampai 93% pada kadar Pb yang rendah namun semakin kecil pada kadar yang tinggi; besarnya faktor transfer Pb Calotropis gigantea masih di bawah 1 sehingga kurang baik sebagai tanaman fitoremediator. Semakin besar logam berat Pb yang terserap semakin meningkatkan berat kering pada tanaman Calotropis gigantea.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Herpetofauna (Ordo Squamata) di Kawasan Hutan Rawa Gambut Tropis Mangsang-Kepayang, Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Yuliany Eka Haryati
Published: February 2022

Herpetofauna is a group of fauna consisting of amphibians and reptiles. The Squamata Order is one of the Reptiles that has the highest number of species. The Mangsang-Kepayang tropical peat swamp forest area of South Sumatra kepayang is one of the key biodiversity on the island of Sumatra. The diversity of herpetofauna can be used as a parameter of the balance and quality of the area where it lives. The problem raised in this study is how is the diversity of herpetofauna species (order Squamata) in the area of the tropical peat swamp forest of Mangsang-Kepayang, South Sumatra? Based on the problems that arise, then this study aims at the diversity of herpetofauna species (order Squamata) in the area of tropical peat swamp forest in Mangsang-Kepayang, South Sumatra. Sampling along the Boyong-Code River from upstream to downstream uses a combination of several methods, namely VES (Visual Encounter Survey), Time Search, and Road Cruising. The results obtained are 7 species of members of the Suborder Lacertilia (lizards) and 2 species of members of the Suborder Serpentes (snakes). Based on these results it can be seen that the area of Mangsang-Kepayang tropical peat swamp forest in South Sumatra is a suitable habitat for Squamata Order members.
Penentuan Daya Antibiosis Beberapa Rumput Laut Hijau (Chlorophyta) dari Pantai Drini, Yogyakarta: Sebuah Kajian Awal
Authors: Sidharta B. Rahardjo
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguak keberadaan dan nilai penting dari senyawa alamiah yang terkandung di dalam beberapa jenis rumput laut di Indonesia, khususnya yang tergolong sebagai anggota rumput laut hijau (Chlorophyta). Tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari kemampuan antibiosis dari rumput laut hijau yang ditemukan di pantai Drini. Empat jenis rumput laut hijau yang diketemukan memperlihatkan kemampuan antibiosis yang bervariasi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol. Salah satu jenis, bahkan, menunjukkan daya hambat yang lebih kuat terhadap pertumbuhan mikroorganisme uji, E. coli, daripada larutan penisilin murni (10 mg).
Sumberdaya Teripang (Holothuroidea) Di Kepulauan Sekotong, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Yusron Eddy
Published: February 2022

Observation on sea cucumber diversity was carried out at coastal waters of Sudak and Nanggu Islands in the West Part of Sekotong Island, April and June  2002. Sampling was done by using a transect quadrant of 1 m x 1 m. This sampling and observation on its microhabitat were conducted by scuba diving. Analyses on the sea cucumber community structure were based on its frequency of occurance, diversity, and density. The results showed that at both locations  11 species of sea cucumber were found where  Holothuria scabra, H.atra, H nobilis, and Bohadschia marmorata  were predominant, common and more evenly distributed than the other species.
Penanganan Sludge Limbah Penyamakan Kulit Dengan Biometanogen
Authors: Triatmojo Suharjono
Published: February 2022

This research is conducted to study the effect of anaerobic digestion on the reduction of BOD, COD, TSS, VFA, and Cr(VI) content and biogas production of industrial wastewater bearing chromium. Material used in this experiment are sludge of tannery waste and dairy cattle manure.  Splitplot design was used in this research, as mainplot is level of sludge i.e. 0, 10, 20 and 30%, and the subplot is days of digestion i.e. 0, 10,20, and 30 days, respectively.  The results of this research show that increasing level of chromium in the waste inhibit biological activity due to the toxicity of the chromium. Anaerobic digestion decreased the value of BOD, COD, TSS and Cr(VI) concentration, the value is 75.54%, 44.62%, 41.30% and 22.40%, respectively. Biogas production and VFA concentration decreased significanly after 20 days of digestion.  The conclusion is biometanogen can be used to reduce the level of pollution of organic matter and Cr(VI).  Anaerobic digestion can be used as alteranative of bioremediation of industrial wastewater bearing chromium.
Analisis Insektisida Organoklorin Pada Bulu Walet Sarang Putih (Collocalia fuciphaga Thunberg)
Authors: Laudensius Oktaf , Yuda Pramana , Atmodjo Kianto
Published: February 2022

The objectives of this study are to find out the kind and quantitative  of organochlorine insecticide  in  swallow (Collocalia fuciphaga Thunderberg) feathers.  The samples were plumae of wing and tail feathers from the birds were catched in Siluk, Gunungkidul and  Sedayu, Bantul on August and September 2002 The organochlorine insecticide compound were analysed by  gas chromatography-electronic catcher detector. The analysis result found out  the organochlorine insecticide in swallow feathers, were heptachlor (0-5855 ppm) and pp-DDD (0-0929 ppm).
Variasi Morfologi dan Jenis Inang dari Cyclodontostomum purvisi (Adam, 1933) (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) di Indonesia
Authors: Purwaningsih Endang
Published: February 2022

Cyclodontostomum purvisi  (Adam, 1933) is a nematode infects small mammals belongs to family Muridae  (Rattus spp and Maxomys spp)  in  Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Java. There are some morphological variation on those nematode such as the number of corona radiata elements and head orientation (the angle between cephalic collar and sagital body axis). The angle is stronger in the specimens from Kalimantan and decreasing in the specimens in Sulawesi and Java. R. exulans  from Kalimantan and R. tanezumi from Sulawesi are the new host record for  C. purvisi in Indonesia.
Abundance of Giant Clam in Coral Reef Ecosystem at Pari Island: a Population Comparison of 2003's to 1984's Data
Authors: Eliata Alfiani , Zahida Felicia , Jati Wibowo Nugroho , Panggabean Lily M.
Published: February 2022

A survey on abundance of Giant Clam in coral reef ecosystem at PariIslandhas not been done long after the first survey on 1984. The survey itself is very important because Indonesian government has been release SK Menteri Kehutanan No. 12/Kpts-II/1987 and PP No. 7. th.1999 that states the giant clam is protected species. Indonesia has seven species of giant clam out of nine species presence in the world, i.e. Tridacna gigas, T.crocea, T. maxima, T. derasa, T. squamosa, Hippopus hippopus, and H. porcellanus (Rohmimohtarto dkk, 1987, Knop, 1996)
Strategi Konservasi di Pulau Sulawesi dengan Menggunakan Tarsius sebagai Flagship Spesies
Authors: Shekelle Myron , Leksono Suroso Mukti
Published: February 2022

We present a strategy to preserve the biodiversity of Sulawesi and nearby islands chains. Sulawesi is the primary landmass in the biogeographic zone known as Wallacea, and is listed as one of the world’s top 25 hotspots at threat for major loss of biodiversity. Sulawesi is hypothesized to be subdivided into regions of endemism. We argue that the best strategy for preserving the totality of Sulawesi biodiversity, given that the vast bulk of that biodiversity remains virtually unstudied or even unknown, is to use biogeographic data to make a comprehensive map of regions of endemism in Sulawesi and to protect primary habitat in each region. We present a hypothesis that we call the “hybrid biogeographic hypothesis” that synthesizes two previous biogeografic hypotheses, one from empirical biological data and one from geologic data. We present a map of tarsier acoustic group distributions that offers heuristic evidence that the former hypothesis is more comprehensive than either of the latter two. We note that some of these regions have multiple conservation areas, while several others have none at all and can be thought of as “hotspots within the hotspot”. Evidence indicates that an endemic taxon of tarsier inhabits nearly every known endemic region of Sulawesi and surrounding island chains, although most of these taxa are undescribed. We propose to use tarsiers as flagship species to justify new conservation areas that will preserve primary habitat in those regions that currently lack them. Tarsiers are superior to other potential flagship species because they have the requisite charisma and are distributed throughout Sulawesi in a broad variety of habitats, but they do not eat agricultural products or have other characteristics that might engender local resentment to their conservation. This plan requires naming several new taxa of tarsiers, each of which requires reference material. Existing museum populations are inadequate for these needs and new museum specimens are required. We argue that the most beneficial way for this program to proceed is to trap wild tarsiers and house them in captivity until they expire naturally, at which time they will enter the collections of the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense. While in captivity these tarsiers will provide enormous opportunities for research, training, education, and conservation. We will encounter local resistance to conserving tarsier populations because of false perceptions among inhabitants that tarsiers eat agricultural products, and this false belief must be corrected through community education. The critical condition of habitat destruction in Sulawesi warrants immediate action.
Kajian Indeks Hematologis pada Empat Subpopulasi Gelatik Jawa (Padda oryzivora L.)
Authors: Surata Sang Putu
Published: February 2022

Gelatik Jawa (Padda oryzivora L) merupakan salah satu spesies burung yang terancam punah dan perlu dikonservasi. Salah satu penyebab kepunahan adalah ketidakmampuan spesies tersebut untuk beradaptasi dengan perubahan alam sekitarnya yang dapat ditunjukkan pada perubahan  ciri biokimiawi individu seperti indeks hematologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari apakah ada perbedaan indeks hematologis pada empat subpopulasi gelatik Jawa   di Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur, Bali Utara dan Bali Selatan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks hematologis  darah  gelatik Jawa dari empat subpopulasi  tersebut dengan bobot badan  antara 21-30 g, memiliki  nilai rerata eritrosit 5,00±0,60 x 106/mm3; leukosit 2,35±0,86 x 103/mm3; PCV 61,32±11,62%; limfosit 58,25±17,32%; heterofil 35,93±15,72%; monosit 3,05±2,98%; dan basofil 0,05±0,21%.  Ratio heterofil terhadap limfosit (H/L) burung tidak meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya suhu lingkungan. Diduga hal tersebut disebabkan gelatik Jawa sudah beradaptasi dalam waktu yang relatif lama terhadap lingkungan lokal.
Isolasi Bakteri Pengakumulasi Poliposfat
Authors: Sudiana I Made
Published: February 2022

Polyphosphate accumulating bacteria play  important key role on biological phosphorous removal. Activated sludge originated from wastewater treatment plant for drinking water production acclimated with anaerobic-aerobic phase in sequential batch reactor continuously succeed to establish microbial community that are able to adsorb glucose and acetate under anaerobic condition.  Acinetobacter calcoaceticus S1 was an isolated bacterium from community performing organic substrate absorption. S1 is able to adsorb glucose and acetate under anaerobic condition. During substrate absorption an increase of orthophosphate in bulk solution indicating phosphate released out of cell. Reduction of glycogen and polyhydroxybutirate (PHB) took place under anaerobic phase. S1 is a community member of anaerobic-aerobic system for removal of phosphorous in influent wastewater.
Karakterisasi α-Amilase Bacillus firmus KH.9.4 Alkalotoleran dari Limbah Cair Tapioka
Authors: Rachmania Nisa , Iswati Ruma , Imas Tedja
Published: February 2022

Alkalotolerant bacteria identified as Bacillus firmus KH.9.4 was isolated from tapioca liquid waste from Kedung Halang, Bogor. The isolate showed optimum a-amylase activity after 15 hours of cultivation on liquid media. Optimum enzyme activity occurred at pH 6.0 and temperature 800C. Upon heat treatment at pH 6.0 and 800C the enzyme was still 100% active after 6 hours incubation without substrate. The enzyme activity was enhanced by supplement 10 mM MgSO4.7H2O. The presence of 1, 5, and 10 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid demonstrated the inhibitory effect to this enzyme. Zymogram analysis revealed one translucent zone corresponding to soluble starch activities after 60 minutes of incubation at 400C in the 0.05 M phoshate buffer pH 7.0. Whereas SDS-PAGE analysis showed that there are 5 bands of proteins.
Pengembangan E-Modul Terintegrasi STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering And Mathematics) dengan Bantuan Software 3D Pageflip Professional pada Pokok Bahasan Asam Basa
Authors: Karnia Hirda , Erna Maria , Herdini Herdini
Published: February 2022

This research is an innovation in the development of teaching materials that adapt 21st century learning, which focuses on the implementation of the development of science and technology. Therefore can be use to integrate of science technology based learning to improve the quality of individual competencies in accordance with the 2013 curriculum. The purpose is to produce integrated STEM E-modul on Acid Base Material. The research instruments were validation sheets and user response questionnaires. Validation has been assessed by the validator team with aspects of content, language, presentation, STEM and graphics. The trial was conducted at four high schools in Pekanbaru. The results percentage of the validation data considered as very valid. While the percentage of graphic aspects and software utilization considered as very valid. Then the percentage of the teacher response questionnaire considered as very good. The research results from the development of an integrated acid-base STEM e-module with 3D Pageflip Professional show that the e-module developed is feasible and valid to increase the involvement of students active roles, especially to train students scientific attitudes, interests and motivation.
A magyar gazdaság, az MNB változó erőtere és annak okai
Authors: Matolcsy György
Published: February 2022

A gazdaságpolitikai fordulatok hatására az elmúlt évtizedben jelentős gazdasági felzárkózás ment végbe Magyarországon, miközben megvalósult a fenntartható belső és külső egyensúly is. Így az „egyensúly és növekedés” képletét először sikerült alkalmazni az elmúlt száz évben. Ennek következtében a koronavírus-járvánnyal és annak gazdasági hatásaival Magyarország erős immunrendszerrel nézett szembe és a helyreállás is gyors ütemben ment végbe. A válság lecsengésével azonban nem ért véget a munka: helyre kell állítanunk újra az egyensúlyt és végre kell hajtani a versenyképességi fordulatot, hogy újra fenntartható pályára állítsuk a gazdaságot. A 21. századi versenyben azok a gazdaságok győzhetnek, amelyek a saját erősségeiket kidomborítva meglovagolják a nemzetközileg kirajzolódó új megatrendeket. A megváltozó erőterünket helyesen felismerve és hasznunkra fordítva, a versenyképességi tényezőket folyamatosan erősítve Magyarország hosszú távon is a nyertes gazdaságok közé emelkedhet.
A mikro- és kisvállalkozások innovációs gyakorlatának különbségei
Authors: Bujáki János , Pataki János István
Published: February 2022

Munkánk célja a magyarországi mikro- és kisvállalkozások nemzetgazdasági jelentőségének bemutatása. Dolgozatunk eredményeit a jelen kori kapcsolódó jogszabályi (kiemelésre kerültek a COVID-19 okozta egészségügyi veszélyhelyzet okozta gazdasági válsághelyzetre vonatkozó, a kormányzat által bevezetésre került programok) és szakirodalmi háttér áttekintése mellett egy 2019-ben készült kérdőíves megkérdezésre alapoztuk. Primer kutatásunk vizsgálatai a két méretkategória közötti különbségekre koncentrálnak a döntéshozatali gyakorlat, a forrásfelvételi lehetőségek, a beruházási és innovációs hajlandóság, valamint a tervezési időhorizont területén. A 169 mikrovállalkozás és 86 kisvállalkozás vezetőjétől származó adatokat statisztikai módszerekkel elemeztük. A kapott eredmények a legtöbb esetben arról tanúskodtak, hogy a nagyobb vállalati létszámmal működő vállalkozások jelentősen kedvezőbb helyzetben működtek a piacon: üzleti tervezésük hosszabb távú, innovációs és beruházási hajlandóságuk magasabb, forrásfelvételi lehetőségeik jobbak a kisebb létszámú vállalkozásokéinál.
A biztonsághoz köthető vállalati felelősségvállalás vizsgálata
Authors: Saáry Réka , Csiszárik-Kocsir Ágnes
Published: February 2022

A biztonságérzet jelentősége, valamint az azt befolyásoló faktorok a huszonegyedik századi környezeti változások hatására jelentősen átrendeződnek. Napjainkban a biztonságnak új dimenziói jelennek meg, miközben a tradicionális állami feladatként definiált biztonság megteremtésében piaci aktorok is egyre jelentősebb szerephez jutnak. Hagyományosan a vállalati biztonság a szervezet zavartalan működését támogató terület, de napjainkra egyre inkább a vállalati stratégia egyik eleme, a versenyképesség tényezője is egyben. Tanulmányunkban a biztonság vállalati társadalmi felelősségvállalásban megjelenő aspektusainak feltárásra törekszünk. Kutatásunk során a vállalati társadalmi felelősségvállalás kommunikációs eszközeit elemezzük kevert szövegelemzés módszertanával, feltételezve, hogy a biztonság feltárt aspektusait az egyes vállalati érintettek viszonyrendszerében tudjuk értelmezni.
Kettős deficit Magyarországon a 70-es és 80-as években
Authors: Giday András
Published: February 2022

A 70-es, 80-as évtizedben a külkereskedelmi hiány mellé nagy költségvetési deficit is társult. A folyamat megértéséhez két kérdés megválaszolása elengedhetetlen. Az egyik: „Volt-e oksági kapcsolat a kettő között? A másik: „Mi volt a kapcsolatuk a beruházási ciklussal?” Ezen kérdéskörök elemzése után a tanulmány megállapítja, hogy a beruházások ciklikus megugrása volt a közös ok mindkét deficit mögött. Az élénkülő beruházások, a termelés növekedése sok importot igényelt. A másik oldalon pedig a beruházások finanszírozása a költségvetés hiányát is megemelte. A beruházások visszafogásával átmenetileg mérsékelhető volt a behozatal, és a költségvetési kiadások is csökkenhettek. A költségvetés pozícióját javította az is, hogy az áremelésekkel megelőzték a fogyasztói ártámogatások terhének a növekedését. A külkereskedelemben gyorsabban sikerült a visszafogás, míg a költségvetési pozíció javítása ennél hosszabb időt igényelt.
Túlnépesedő világ?! : A fertilitási ráták elemzése
Authors: Drabancz Áron
Published: February 2022

A teljes termékenységi arányszám és reprodukciós szinthez tartozó fertilitási ráta értéke alapvetően határozza meg egy ország hosszú távú demográfiai arculatát. Globális szinten a két mutató értéke az elmúlt években jelentősen csökkent, ám a két ráta közötti különbség szűkülésével a világ globális népességnövekedés lassulni kezdett. Egy demográfiai változókra vonatkozó átfogó klaszterelemzés eredményei alapján megállapítottam, hogy a demográfiai átmenet hossza az egyes régiókban jelentősen eltér. Az amerikai és ázsiai kontinens országaiban összességében a demográfiai átmenet sokkal gyorsabban megy végbe, az afrikai országokban azonban az átmenet jóval lassabb, a fertilitási ráták továbbra is magas értékeket vesznek fel. Emiatt a „túlnépesedő” kifejezés már inkább csak a fejletlenebb afrikai térségekre vonatkoztatható, a legtöbb fejlődő országban a jövőben a túlnépesedés helyett sokkal inkább az elöregedés jelenthet fokozódó problémát.
Advances in the research field of osteoporosis in cold areas
Authors: Zhou Ping , Zhang Hanlu , Nie Yizhen , Zhang Yimeng , Wang Yongchen
Published: February 2022

While osteoporosis is a chronic disease caused by multiple factors, it is also a risk factor for fractures. At present, numerous risk factors for osteoporosis and secondary fractures have been identified, including sunlight, physical fitness, gender, age, trauma, dietary habits, tobacco, alcohol, drugs, air quality, and genetics. Despite that factors such as long winters, short daylight hours, less daily physical activity, air pollution, low calcium and high salt diet, and sedentary lifestyle could negatively impact the bones of residents in the alpine regions of northern China, the direct effect of low-temperature stimulation on bone growth and development remains unclear. In this study, by reviewing current research progress related to osteoporosis and fracture risk in northern China, we proposed appropriate preventive measures for different risk factors to reduce the occurrence of osteoporosis and fracture in cold areas of northern China.
Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in East Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome: A meta-analysis
Authors: He Meijiao , Zang Yanxiang , Sun Danghui , Li Jianqiang , Liu Guangzhong , Shi Jing , Li Yue
Published: February 2022

Objective

There exist conflicting data on the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor and clopidogrel in East Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate whether ticagrelor or clopidogrel produces better outcomes for East Asian patients with ACS.

Methods

We searched for randomized controlled trials reporting associations between ticagrelor and clopidogrel in East Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome in PubMed, EMBASE, web of science and Cochrane central register of controlled trials.

Results

Ten studies involving 3 715 participants were qualified for our analysis. The major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were significantly decreased in patients with ticagrelor treatment compared to those with clopidogrel (risk ratio [RR]: 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38–0.98; P = 0.042). There was no significant difference in all-cause death (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.61–1.29; P = 0.540), cardiovascular death (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.58–1.27; P = 0.451), myocardial infarction (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.65–1.27; P = 0.575) and stroke (RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.44–1.36; P = 0.372) between ticagrelor and clopidogrel. Ticagrelor was associated with a significantly higher risk of bleeding compared to clopidogrel (RR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.37–2.13; P = 0.000).

Conclusion

The present meta-analysis demonstrates that ticagrelor reduced the incidence of MACE in ACS patients from East Asia compared with clopidogrel. However, it increased the risk of bleeding.
Study of the incidence of hyperuricemia in young males’ population with rapid entry into the plateau of 4 500m
Authors: Liu Chang'e , Liu Yingyue , Hong Xiaoyang , Feng Zhichun
Published: February 2022

Objective

To study the incidence and risk factors of hyperuricemia in young males who rapid entered into the plateau of 4 500 m.

Methods

The study contained 390 males aged 18–35 years (21.6 ± 2.5 years), who rapidly entered the plateau with an altitude of 4 500 m. According to their basic level of uric acid (UA), they were divided into two groups, high uric acid (HUA) group and normal uric acid (NUA) group. The characteristics and physiological index, such as the body weight and the height, of them were recorded. For the test of the biochemical indicators, the venous blood samples were collected at the altitude of 4 500 m in the morning. The count of blood cells, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IDBIL) were compared between the two groups.

Results

The incidence of hyperuricemia was 65.1% (254/390) at 4 500 m. At the altitude of 4 500 m, the mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of red blood cells in the HUA group was significantly lower than that in the NUA group. Hemoglobin (HGB), mean red blood cell volume (MCV), TBIL, IDBIL, BUN, SCR and LDH in the HUA group were significantly higher than those in the NUA group, though without statistically significant differences in the other variables. Meanwhile, multivariate analysis showed at the altitude of 4 500 m, the risk of HUA increased by 0.982, 1.038 and 1.045 times when MCHC decreased by one unit and TBIL and SCR increased by one unit, respectively.

Conclusion

The incidence of hyperuricemia was high of 65.1% rush entry into the plateau of young male. Decreased MCHC and elevated TBIL and SCR were independent risk factors for hyperuricemia when rapid enter into 4 500 m.
ANALYSIS OF TRADE EFFICIENCY IN SERBIA BASED ON THE PROMETHEE METHOD
Authors:   Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade, RADOJKO Lukic
Published: February 2022

Various methods of multi-criteria optimization have been developed and have recently been widely applied in trade. With this in mind, this paper investigates the efficiency of trade in Serbia based on the Promethee method. Using this method, in relation to the analysis of the analysis, we can more accurately assess the efficiency of trade in Serbia in the function of improvement in the future by taking appropriate more efficient measures. The results of research obtained using the Promethee method show that the efficiency of trade in Serbia has been continuously increasing recently. It was the best in 2020. It was positively influenced by numerous macro and micro factors, such as: favorable economic climate, low inflation, lower interest rates, foreign retail chains, increased employment, increased living standards, stable exchange rate, digitalization of the entire business, etc. The impact of the Covid-19 coronary virus pandemic on trade efficiency in Serbia is negligible. It is, among other things, largely neutralized with the increase in electronic sales. This is the case in other countries as well (as evidenced by the recently published available empirical data of Eurostat for European Union distribution trade). Empirical research shows that this is not, however, the case with other sectors in Serbia, such as transport and storage, tourism and catering, banks, etc. To increase (or maintain the existing) efficiency of trade in Serbia in the future, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of management of human resources, assets, capital, sales and profits. The main problem is that there are no similar empirical studies of trade efficiency in other countries, which limits international comparison. This paper can therefore serve as an impetus for future similar empirical research.
DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIAN PALM OIL COMPANIES
Authors:   Faculty of Business, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Tangerang, Indonesia, DEWI Cynthia Sari , JORDY Brighton ,   Faculty of Business, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Tangerang, Indonesia, WIJAYA Harris ,   Faculty of Business, Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Tangerang, Indonesia
Published: February 2022

This study to find out the determinants of capital structure in the palm oil industry in Indonesia. The variables are commodity prices, total assets, tangible assets, profitability, asset turnover, liquidity, inventory turnover, interest rates, and capital structure as independent variables. The data processing uses SPSS version 25 and performs classical assumption test, coefficient of determination test, and multiple regression analysis. The object of this study is oil palm plantation companies listed in Indonesian stock exchange (IDX) period 2016 to 2019. The results show that CPO prices, total assets, tangible assets, profitability, and interest rates have no effect on capital structure. Meanwhile, asset turnover has a positive effect on capital structure. Current ratio has a negative effect on the capital structure. Inventory turnover has a negative effect on the capital structure of oil palm plantation companies. This research is useful for companies engaged in the palm oil industry in determining policies.