bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatty liver largely explains associations of subclinical hypothyroidism with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis
Authors: Posadas-Romero Carlos , Jorge-Galarza Esteban , Posadas-Sánchez Rosalinda , Acuña-Valerio Jorge , Juárez-Rojas Juan G , Kimura-Hayama Eric , Medina-Urrutia Aida , Cardoso-Saldaña Guillermo C
Published: July 2014

Background

The association of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome (MS), and coronary atherosclerosis is uncertain.

Objective

To investigate the role of increased intrahepatic fat in the association of SCH with insulin resistance, MS, and coronary atherosclerosis.

Design, patients, and methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study in a sample of 753 subjects (46% males) aged 35–70 years with no history of diabetes, renal, hepatic, thyroid, or coronary heart disease, and were participants of the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease study. SCH was defined as a high serum TSH level with normal free thyroxine concentration. Fatty liver (FL), coronary artery calcification (CAC), and abdominal visceral adipose tissue were assessed by computed tomography. Cross-sectional associations of SCH with and without FL, with MS, insulin resistance, and subclinical atherosclerosis defined as a CAC score >0, were examined in logistic regression models.

Results

SCH was observed in 17.7% of the population studied. The prevalence of FL was similar in both euthyroid and SCH subjects (31.8 vs 27.8%,P=0.371). SCH plus FL subjects were heavier and had more metabolic abnormalities compared with SCH plus normal liver subjects. In multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses, SCH plus FL was associated with MS (odds ratio (OR): 2.73, 95% CI: 1.26–5.92), insulin resistance (OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 1.63–14.75), and CAC score >0 (OR: 3.05, 95% CI: 1.20–7.76). SCH without FL showed no associations.

Conclusion

SCH with FL is associated with increased odds of MS, insulin resistance, and CAC, independent of potential confounders.
METABOLIC PHENOTYPING GUIDELINES: Studying eating behaviour in humans
Authors: Gibbons Catherine , Finlayson Graham , Dalton Michelle , Caudwell Phillipa , Blundell John E
Published: July 2014

The study of human appetite and eating behaviour has become increasingly important in recent years due to the rise in body weight dysregulation through both obesity and eating disorders. Adequate control over appetite is paramount for the control of body weight and in order to understand appetite, it is necessary to measure eating behaviour accurately. So far, research in this field has revealed that no single experimental design can answer all research questions. Each research question posed will require a specific study design that will limit the findings of that study to those particular conditions. For example, choices will be made among the use of laboratory or free-living studies, time period for examination, specific measurement techniques and investigative methodologies employed. It is important that these represent informed decisions about what design and which methodology will provide the most meaningful outcomes. This review will examine some of the ‘gold standard’ study designs and methodologies currently employed in the study of human appetite and eating behaviour.
Регулярні ємності на метризовних просторах
Authors: Cherkovskyi T.M.
Published: July 2014

Доведено, що для (не обов'язково компактного) метричного простору: метрики на просторі ємностей у стилі Прохорова та Зарічного є рівними; повнота простору ємностей рівносильна до повноти вихідного простору. Показано, що для ємностей на метризовних просторах властивості $\omega$-гладкості і $\tau$-гладкості є рівносильними саме на сепарабельних просторах, а властивості $\omega$-гладкості та регулярності щодо деякої (а тоді й кожної) сумісної метрики — саме на компактних просторах.
The Embryonicmir-35Family of microRNAs Promotes Multiple Aspects of Fecundity inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: McJunkin Katherine , Ambros Victor
Published: July 2014

MicroRNAs guide many aspects of development in all metazoan species. Frequently, microRNAs are expressed during a specific developmental stage to perform a temporally defined function. The C. elegans mir-35-42 microRNAs are expressed abundantly in oocytes and early embryos and are essential for embryonic development. Here, we show that these embryonic microRNAs surprisingly also function to control the number of progeny produced by adult hermaphrodites. Using a temperature-sensitive mir-35-42 family mutant (a deletion of the mir-35-41 cluster), we demonstrate three distinct defects in hermaphrodite fecundity. At permissive temperatures, a mild sperm defect partially reduces hermaphrodite fecundity. At restrictive temperatures, somatic gonad dysfunction combined with a severe sperm defect sharply reduces fecundity. Multiple lines of evidence, including a late embryonic temperature-sensitive period, support a role for mir-35-41 early during development to promote subsequent sperm production in later larval stages. We further show that the predicted mir-35 family target sup-26 (suppressor-26) acts downstream of mir-35-41 in this process, suggesting that sup-26 de-repression in mir-35-41 deletion mutants may contribute to temperature-sensitive loss of fecundity. In addition, these microRNAs play a role in male fertility, promoting proper morphogenesis of male-specific mating structures. Overall, our results demonstrate that robust activity of the mir-35-42 family microRNAs not only is essential for embryonic development across a range of temperatures but also enables the worm to subsequently develop full reproductive capacity.
Genome-Wide Characterization of Light-Regulated Genes inNeurospora crassa
Authors: Wu Cheng , Yang Fei , Smith Kristina M , Peterson Matthew , Dekhang Rigzin , Zhang Ying , Zucker Jeremy , Bredeweg Erin L , Mallappa Chandrashekara , Zhou Xiaoying , Lyubetskaya Anna , Townsend Jeffrey P , Galagan James E , Freitag Michael , Dunlap Jay C , Bell-Pedersen Deborah , Sachs Matthew S
Published: July 2014

The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa responds to light in complex ways. To thoroughly study the transcriptional response of this organism to light, RNA-seq was used to analyze capped and polyadenylated mRNA prepared from mycelium grown for 24 hr in the dark and then exposed to light for 0 (control) 15, 60, 120, and 240 min. More than three-quarters of all defined protein coding genes (79%) were expressed in these cells. The increased sensitivity of RNA-seq compared with previous microarray studies revealed that the RNA levels for 31% of expressed genes were affected two-fold or more by exposure to light. Additionally, a large class of mRNAs, enriched for transcripts specifying products involved in rRNA metabolism, showed decreased expression in response to light, indicating a heretofore undocumented effect of light on this pathway. Based on measured changes in mRNA levels, light generally increases cellular metabolism and at the same time causes significant oxidative stress to the organism. To deal with this stress, protective photopigments are made, antioxidants are produced, and genes involved in ribosome biogenesis are transiently repressed.
Molecular Characterization of a Heterothallic Mating System in Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the Fungus Causing White-Nose Syndrome of Bats
Authors: Palmer Jonathan M , Kubatova Alena , Novakova Alena , Minnis Andrew M , Kolarik Miroslav , Lindner Daniel L
Published: July 2014

White-nose syndrome (WNS) of bats has devastated bat populations in eastern North America since its discovery in 2006. WNS, caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has spread quickly in North America and has become one of the most severe wildlife epidemics of our time. While P. destructans is spreading rapidly in North America, nothing is known about the sexual capacity of this fungus. To gain insight into the genes involved in sexual reproduction, we characterized the mating-type locus (MAT) of two Pseudogymnoascus spp. that are closely related to P. destructans and homothallic (self-fertile). As with other homothallic Ascomycota, the MAT locus of these two species encodes a conserved α-box protein (MAT1-1-1) as well as two high-mobility group (HMG) box proteins (MAT1-1-3 and MAT1-2-1). Comparisons with the MAT locus of the North American isolate of P. destructans (the ex-type isolate) revealed that this isolate of P. destructans was missing a clear homolog of the conserved HMG box protein (MAT1-2-1). These data prompted the discovery and molecular characterization of a heterothallic mating system in isolates of P. destructans from the Czech Republic. Both mating types of P. destructans were found to coexist within hibernacula, suggesting the presence of mating populations in Europe. Although populations of P. destructans in North America are thought to be clonal and of one mating type, the potential for sexual recombination indicates that continued vigilance is needed regarding introductions of additional isolates of this pathogen.
Asymmetric Neuroblast Divisions Producing Apoptotic Cells Require the Cytohesin GRP-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Teuliere Jerome , Cordes Shaun , Singhvi Aakanksha , Talavera Karla , Garriga Gian
Published: July 2014

Cytohesins are Arf guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that regulate membrane trafficking and actin cytoskeletal dynamics. We report here that GRP-1, the sole Caenorhabditis elegans cytohesin, controls the asymmetric divisions of certain neuroblasts that divide to produce a larger neuronal precursor or neuron and a smaller cell fated to die. In the Q neuroblast lineage, loss of GRP-1 led to the production of daughter cells that are more similar in size and to the transformation of the normally apoptotic daughter into its sister, resulting in the production of extra neurons. Genetic interactions suggest that GRP-1 functions with the previously described Arf GAP CNT-2 and two other Arf GEFs, EFA-6 and BRIS-1, to regulate the activity of Arf GTPases. In agreement with this model, we show that GRP-1’s GEF activity, mediated by its SEC7 domain, is necessary for the posterior Q cell (Q.p) neuroblast division and that both GRP-1 and CNT-2 function in the Q.posterior Q daughter cell (Q.p) to promote its asymmetry. Although functional GFP-tagged GRP-1 proteins localized to the nucleus, the extra cell defects were rescued by targeting the Arf GEF activity of GRP-1 to the plasma membrane, suggesting that GRP-1 acts at the plasma membrane. The detection of endogenous GRP-1 protein at cytokinesis remnants, or midbodies, is consistent with GRP-1 functioning at the plasma membrane and perhaps at the cytokinetic furrow to promote the asymmetry of the divisions that require its function.
Convolvulaceae endémicas del Perú
Authors: León Blanca
Published: July 2014

La familia Convolvulaceae es reconocida en el Perú por presentar 17 géneros y 132 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), mayormente bejucos y lianas. En este trabajo reconocemos nueve especies y una subespecie como endemismos peruanos en cuatro géneros. Los taxones endémicos ocupan principalmente las regiones Matorral Desértico, Bosques Secos y Desierto Cálido Tropical, entre los 100 y 2000 m de altitud. Ninguna de estas especies se encuentra representada en el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado.
Cunoniaceae endémicas del Perú
Authors: León Blanca
Published: July 2014

Esta es una familia característica de los bosques montanos húmedos. La familia Cunoniaceae es reconocida en el Perú por presentar un género, Weinmannia, y 41 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993), todos arbustos y árboles. En este trabajo reconocemos seis especies y dos variedades como endemismos peruanos. Los taxones endémicos han sido encontrados en las regiones Mesoandina y Bosques Muy Húmedos Premontanos. Se aplicaron las categorías y criterios de la UICN a cinco especies. Dos especies endémicas se encuentran representadas dentro del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado.
Malvaceae endémicas del Perú
Authors: Chanco Magda , León Blanca , Sánchez Isidoro
Published: July 2014

La familia Malvaceae es reconocida en el Perú con 38 géneros y 264 especies (Brako & Zarucchi 1993, Ulloa et al. 2004), mayormente arbustos y hierbas. En este trabajo reconocemos 87 especies endémicas en 16 géneros. El género más rico en especies endémicas es Nototriche. Las especies endémicas se encuentran en varias regiones ecológicas, entre ellas Altoandina, Mesoandina y Puna Húmeda y Seca, por encima de los 2500 m, hasta alcanzar los límites de la vegetación a 5100 m de altitud. Se aplicaron las categorías y criterios de la UICN a 84 especies. Once especies endémicas se encuentran presentes en el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado.
Vegetación leñosa, endemismos y estado de conservación en los bosques estacionalmente secos de Jaén, Perú
Authors: Marcelo Peña José Luis
Published: July 2014

Son presentados los resultados de ocho inventarios botánicos rápidos realizados en los relictos del bosque tropical estacionalmente seco (BTES) de los alrededores de la ciudad de Jaén, Cajamarca, Perú; ubicados entre los 5° 38’ y 5° 48’ de latitud Sur y los 78° 41’ y 78° 48’ longitud Oeste, las alturas oscilan entre 615 y 1100 m. El estudio reportó un total de 151 especies, 103 géneros y 40 familias de plantas leñosas. El área estudiada presenta una mayor diversidad en contraste con los BTES de regiones vecinas, en particular presenta el mayor número de endemismos en los BTES del Sur Occidente del Ecuador y Perú. Sin embargo, la zona está seriamente amenazada por el impacto antrópico que demanda especies leñosas para material combustible, áreas para cultivos agrícolas, ganadería extensiva y vivienda.
Nombres amerindios de las palmas (Palmae) de Colombia
Authors: Marmolejo Diana , Montes María Emilia , Bernal Rodrigo
Published: July 2014

Se presenta un glosario de 1276 nombres o variantes de nombres indígenas de palmas, correspondientes a por lo menos 121 especies, en 64 lenguas aborígenes de Colombia. Las especies con nombres en mayor número de lenguas son Bactris gasipaes, Oenocarpus bataua, Mauritia flexuosa, Euterpe precatoria y Astrocaryum chambira, cinco de las palmas más utilizadas en Suramérica. Las lenguas con mayor número de especies designadas son uitoto (48), tikuna (47), muinane (43), siona (34), sikuani (31) y miraña (30). Estas cifras reflejan los estudios detallados que se han hecho con estas etnias, además de la diversidad de palmas en sus territorios o su conocimiento de ellas. Los nombres se presentan ordenados de tres maneras diferentes: por especie, por lengua y una lista global de nombres, que incluye las referencias de cada registro.
Análisis estructural e inmunohistoquímico de la atresia folicular de Vanellus chilenis (Charadriidae) e Himantopus melanurus (Recurvirostridae)
Authors: Bulfon Mirian , Bee de Speroni Noemí
Published: July 2014

We studied the structural and immunohistochemical aspects of the follicular atresia and interpreted the process of cell death in the ovary of Vanellus chilenis and Himantopus melanurus. We used five female adults of each species at the stage of gonadal recrudescence. The gonads were removed, weighed, fixed and processed with the technique of inclusion in paraffin. The sections were stained with Hematoxylin - Eosin, Trichromic Mallory, Nuclear Reaction Feulgen. The technique TUNEL was employed for marking apoptotic cells. According to the morphohistologic characteristics of analyzed atretic follicles we identified two kinds of atresia in both bird species: a) Non-bursting atresia, where follicular walls remain intact, including lipid atresia of primordial oocytes and lipid glandular atresia of previtellogenic and small vitellogenic follicles and b) Bursting atresia, characterized by the breakdown of the follicular walls of vitellogenic follicles higher than of 500 µm. In the gonadal phase, we observed lipid and lipid-glandular follicles, while bursting follicles were scarce. Apoptosis was detected at the start of involution in the granulosa cells of the lipid glandular follicles by employing the nuclear reaction of Feulgen, and was corroborated with the TUNEL technique. However, a notorious necrosis marked the final stages of the different types of involutive follicles of the two species. Based on these results, we infer that cell death is a normal physiological mechanism in the remodeling of ovaries in V. chilenis and H. melanurus and that the pr
A fortuitous ant-fern association in the Amazon lowlands of Peru
Authors: León Blanca , Young Kenneth R.
Published: July 2014

Myrmecophyly is best documented among tropical epiphytes, and myrmecotrophy occurs especially among domatia-forming plants. We report the case of Polytaenium cajenense with "external" domatia and its use by the same symbiont ant as its host Cordia nodosa. This case is interpreted as the result of stochastic events and their relations to pre-existing adaptations of all species involved.
Hallazgo de dos nidos activos de Phytotoma raimondii, Tackzanowski, 1883, cortarrama peruana
Authors: Rosina Mario , Romo Mónica
Published: July 2014

Two nests belonging to Phytotoma raimondii, the Peruvian plantcutter, were found in El Gramadal, at Huarmey, Áncash. Both nests were in shrubs of Grabowskia boerhaaviaefolia, commonly known as palo negro. One nest had two eggs and the other nest had two chicks that were approximately two weeks old. Two weeks later, two fledglings were found following presumed parents. These chicks were close to the second nest, which was empty. These are the first nests reported for Phytotoma raimondii since 1934.
Intraluminal colonization into the seminiferous tubules in mice
Authors: Guzmán-Masias Luis , López-Sam Rosmary , Vásquez-Sotomayor Flor , Pérez-Gamarra Susan , Pino-Gaviño José , Llerena-Cano Guillermo
Published: July 2014

Using the primordial germ cells transplant technique, we could be able preserve and multiply pluripotent cells in the receptor for a long period of time. In this work, We aim to evaluate intraluminal colonization of a cellular gonocyte suspension from 14.5 dpc fetus. Cellular suspension with PGC's were isolated from fetus male mice by two enzymatic digestion steps, and cellular suspensions were transplanted into the rete testis of the receptor animals that were previously injected with Busulfan to decrease their own spermatogenesis. In this research the intraluminal colonization was identified in 13.27%, demonstrating that transplantation of a cellular suspension from gonocytes of fetus of 14.5 dpc containing PGCs can colonize the seminiferous tubules and support the spermatogenesis.
Sobre la identidad taxonómica de Brachistosternus peruvianus Piza, 1974 (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae)
Authors: Ochoa José A.
Published: July 2014

The true identity of Brachistosternus peruvianus Piza, 1974, a controversial Andean scorpion previously confused with Brachistosternus andinus Chamberlin, 1916, is established. Both species inhabit inter Andean valleys of southern Peru and belong to the subgenus Brachistosternus (Ministernus) Francke. A detailed redescription of both species based on external morphology, pigmentation pattern and hemispermatophore features are provided. New records for these species, along with brief discussions of the ecology and distribution are also reported.
Presencia y distribución de dos sub-especies de Eurema agave (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) en Costa Rica
Authors: Cordoba-Alfaro Jim , Murillo-Hiller Luis Ricardo
Published: July 2014

Austin (1992) reportó a Eurema a. agave (Cramer 1775) para el Caribe de Costa Rica; sin embargo, en realidad lo que encontró fue a E. a. millerorum descrita por Bousquets & Luis-Martinez (1987) para el Caribe mexicano. La presencia de Eurema a. agave es confirmada en este trabajo por especimenes recolectados en la vertiente Pacífica y Atlántica de Costa Rica. Además se detallan aspectos de la distribución de ambas subespecies.
Note on the diet of Ameiva edracantha (Squamata, Teiidae) in Cerros de Amotape National Park, Tumbes, Peru
Authors: Jordán Juan C. , Amaya Diana
Published: July 2014

The diet of Ameiva edracantha Bocourt 1874, a terrestrial diurnal teiid lizard distributed in northwestern Peru and southwestern Ecuador is described for the first time. Stomach contents of fifteen individuals collected from quebrada La Angostura were analyzed. Lepidopteran larvae, coleopterans, orthopterans and spiders were the dominant preys in the lizard’s diet. Snout-vent length and head length, width and height were not correlated to prey length, width and volume. Other parameters such as profitability and prey target selection could be involved in prey selection by A. edracantha.
Vochysia awasensis (Vochysiaceae), nueva especie de los Bosques Montanos del Chocó ecuatoriano
Authors: Huamantupa Chuquimaco Isau
Published: July 2014

Vochysia awasensis I. Huamantupa, is described and illustrated as new species of the family Vochysiaceae, belonging to the sect. Stafleu Ciliantha subsect. Megalanthae Stafleu, which comes from the montane forests of the Choco biogeographical region in the northwestern of Ecuador. The new species differs from its relatives V. megalantha and V. duquei, by its inconspicuous and recurrent petiole, blade 17-33,5 (-35) x 4,5-10 cm, and petals 2,4-3 x 0,6 to 0,9 cm.
Colonización intraluminar testicular y diferenciación de la masa celular interna en ratones (Mus musculus)
Authors: Acosta Láyonal , Núñez Víctor , Pino Jose , Shiga Betty
Published: July 2014

Primordial germ cells (PGC`s) are transplanted to testicle of other individual of the same species, they colonize the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, seeking a niche to differentiate into sperm. Our objective was to evaluate the intraluminal colonization of a suspension of cells in the inner cell mass (IMC`s) of blastocysts obtained from mice, using a novel technique. It was transplanted a suspension of ICM by mean of inmunosurgery into the rete testis of recipient animals which were previously treated with cyclophosphamide to reduce their own spermatogenesis. We confirmed the presence of intraluminal minitubules in 2 of 100 seminiferous tubules, demonstrating that transplantation of a suspension of cells from the inner cell mass can colonize the seminiferous tubules and also maintain a synchronously xenogenic spermatogenesis with the receiver.
Revisión de índices de distribución espacial usados en inventarios forestales y su aplicación en bosques tropicales
Authors: Ledo Alicia , Condés Sonia , Montes Fernando
Published: July 2014

This paper reviews the different indices used to describe and characterize the horizontal structure or spatial pattern in forest stands, with particular emphasis on those which have been applied to the study of tropical forests. These indices have been classified according to their data-inventory requirements. A number of aspects concerned with the statistical properties of the most commonly employed indices (Fisher and Morisita indices, LQV techniques and SADIE in the quadrats group; Clark-Evans, Pielou and Byth-Ripley in the nearest-neighbour group; The empirical L(d) and O-ring functions in the mapped data group) and their applicability to tropical stands, have been tested in experimental plots located in an Andean tropical forest.
A la memoria del doctor Abundio Sagástegui Alva (1932 – 2012)
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Eric F. , León Blanca
Published: July 2014

On May 26, 2012 after an accident, died in the city of Trujillo, La Libertad, Peru, Professor Dr. Abundio Sagástegui Alva, one of the most distinguished Peruvian scientists. This unexpected disappearance caused deep regret in the Peruvian and international scientific community, because we had left behind a true master, scientist, and botanist, and a human being of great quality.
Dosis única de ciclofosfamida disminuye la calidad espermática y el epitelio germinal masculino en ratones
Authors: Acosta Láyonal , Núñez Víctor , Vásquez Jonathan , Pino José , Shiga Betty
Published: July 2014

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating agent commonly used as antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drug. The use of CP in the treatment of cancer is limited due to its severe toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine theeffectof a single dose of CP (220 mg/kg b.w.) intraperitoneally administered after 7 days,on sperm parameter and male germinal epithelium in mice. We used C57BL mature male mice divided into 2 groups (n= 10); Control Group (C): 0.9% and NaCl Treatment group (T): CP to 220 mg/kg cw in single dose. After 8 days all the mice were euthanized. The weight of the body and reproductive organs: testis, epididymis and vas deferens, were registered. Concentration, motility and sperm morphology and testicular histology were evaluated. Significant differences were found in body weight (student t-test p<0.05) (T: 20.18±1.9 g vs C: 23.35±1.2 g; testicular weight (T: 59.71±5.40 mg vs C: 72.90±2.8 mg), epididymis tail weight (T: 9.83 ± 1.54 vs C: 14.30 ± 2.20, vas deferens weight (T: 8.27±0.80 mg vs C: 10.61±0.76 mg respectively), concentration (T: 9.2±1.9 vs. C: 14.4±3.3 x 106 sperm / mL), progressive motility (T: 25.98±6,4% vs C: 42.96±5.2%). There wasn´t significant differences in sperm morphology (student t-test p<0.05), but there was a significant increase in abnormal tail and immature sperm (T vs. C: 36,24±7,8% vs 31.73±9,1%; 27,44±2,1% vs 18,51±8,6%; respectively) and also severe damage seminiferous tubules was observed. We conclude that single dose of CP (220mg/kg b.w.) decreased the reproductive quality of male mice.
Chemical composition of Apodanthera biflora, a Cucurbit of the dry forest in northwestern Peru
Authors: Clark Daniel , Tupa Maribel , Bazán Andrea , Chang Lily , Gonzáles Wilfredo L.
Published: July 2014

The dry forest of northwestern Peru is the habitat of numerous native species that have received little attention beyond taxonomic purposes. Here we report the chemical composition of the roots and seeds of a set of accessions of Apondanthera biflora, a wild Cucurbit with potentialities as a food resource. The roots show features that are comparable to those from cassava roots and potato tubers: a high content of carbohydrates on a dry matter basis (77.5 – 84.9%), with starch representing around 20% of the total dry matter. The seeds’ fat content on a dry matter basis (22.22 – 39.37%) falls within the percentages found in oily seeds such as safflower, whereas the protein content (21.37 – 29.06%) is similar to that of flax and sunflower. The fatty acid profile of the seed’s oil shows a predominance of polyunsaturated acids, in particular linoleic acid (43.81%), making it comparable to that of cotton oil. Our results confirm the nutritional value of Apodanthera biflora and set the ground for its use in domestication and food security programs.
Descripción del nido de Scolomys melanops (Rodentia, Cricetidae) y su relación con Lepidocaryum tenue (Arecales, Arecaceae)
Authors: Rengifo Edgardo M. , Aquino Rolando
Published: July 2014

We describe the nest of Scolomys melanops, (Rodentia: Cricetidae) found in low hill habitats in northeastern Peru. We identified three structures in the nest: a) an orifice of access and exit; b) a tunnel and c) roosting area. In the last structure, we found fruit and fiber remains of peduncle and stems of Lepidocaryum tenue (Arecales: Arecaceae) “Irapay”. Based on the vegetal remains found in the nest, we suggest the existence of a predation relationship between the rodent Scolomys melanops and the palm Lepidocaryum tenue.
Ampliación de la distribución de Sephanoides sephaniodes (Trochilidae: Aves) en Argentina
Authors: Marinero Nancy Verónica , Cortez Ricardo Omar , Sanabria Eduardo Alfredo , Quiroga Lorena Beatriz
Published: July 2014

The present work report the expansion of the distribution of Sephanoides sephaniodes toward the west-central of Argentina. It discusses possible causes of dispersion and ecological consequences of them.
El jurel Trachurus murphyi y las variables ambientales de macroescala
Authors: Espino Marco
Published: July 2014

This paper analyses information on various macro environmental variables available since 1876 for the Southeast Pacific and more recent data on Jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi (Nichols, 1920) landings and biomass in the Peruvian sea, relating them to probable areas of water masses equivalent to Cold Coastal Waters (CCW) and Subtropical Surface Waters (SSW). It is concluded that the index of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) presents expressions of variability that are consistent with those found for the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and that the detected changes in biomass of Jack mackerel T. murphyiin the Peruvian sea reflect changes in the availability of the fish stock associated with secular (SOI) and decadal (PDO) variability patterns. These fluctuations in stock availability impact fisheries in Ecuador, Peru and northern Chile, which show significant variations in their landings and would have given a biased picture of the state of abundance, leading to wrong diagnoses of the real situation of the exploited stocks. These patterns of variability would also affect the appearance of El Niño, making them start in the southern hemisphere autumn or spring depending on whether the current PDO is positive or negative. Periods of high (1876 – 1925 and 1976 – 2012) and low (1926 – 1975) variability are also identified in relation to the Euclidean distance of the variances of the SOI; and in relation to the PDO a distinction is made between warm (1925 – 1944 and 1975 – 1994), cold (1945 – 1974) and tempered or interface periods (1895 – 1924 and 1995 – 2012), the latter being explained by the interaction between periods of high variability.
Validación del ritmo de formación de los anillos de crecimiento en otolitos del jurel Trachurus murphyiNichols 1920
Authors: Goicochea Carlos , Mostacero Jorge , Moquillaza Patricia , Dioses Teobaldo , Topiño Yeny , Guevara-Carrasco Renato
Published: July 2014

We present the results of the validation of Jack mackerel Trachurus murphygrowth with three techniques: 1) validation of the first annual ring by reading daily microincrements; 2) analysis of the growth of the otolith radius between the second and third ring, following-up one cohort; and, 3) conventional interpretation of annual rings. The results show that the average age of Jack mackerels T. murphyiwith the first fully formed ring was 364.8 days, with a mean total length of 19.5 cm, and that the increment from the second to the third ring is on average 0.62 mm. The estimated growth parameters were L oo = 75.17 cm, k= 0.165 /year, t o = -0.817 year. These results are discussed, highlighting that the Peruvian Jack mackerel T. murphyiappears to grow faster than Chilean Jack mackerelT. murphyi. The radius of the first annual ring is up to 18% larger than reported by other authors for the Chilean Jack mackerel, while the radius of the otoliths of two and three year-olds was up to 20% higher. Also the average length of a one year old Peruvian Jack mackerel is approximately 35% larger than that of the Chilean Jack mackerel, obtained by other authors. The growth index phi prime (Ø') estimated for the Peruvian Jack mackerel in this study and others show similar growth patterns, given the low value of the coefficient of variation (1%), lower than the (7%) reported by others authors for the more southern Jack mackerel T. murphyi.
Ecología trófica del jurel Trachurus murphyien el Perú entre 1977 – 2011
Authors: Alegre Ana , Espinoza Pepe , Espino Marco
Published: July 2014

We analyzed the spatiotemporal variability of Jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi diet off Peru from 1977 to 2011. A total of 21058 stomachs were analyzed using bivariate methods and the Multivariate Regression Tree Model (MRT). The gravimetric composition of the diet was used as response variable with respect to different predictor variables such as years, depth of the 15°C isotherm, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Index of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), sea surface temperature anomaly, zone (north, center and south) and distance to the coast. Our results allowed us to identify two different scenarios. From 1977 to 2000 the Jack mackerel T. murphy diet was strongly dominated by Euphausiidae, and since 2000 when T. murphyi consumed a greater diversity of prey, mainly Euphausiidae, squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon and Zoea. It is noted that the first scenario corresponds to warm conditions and the second to cold conditions, both coincident with observed multidecadal periods. In contrast to previous studies showing that the anchovy Engraulis ringens is an abundant prey, in this study anchovy was not significantly important. Spatially, the Euphausiidae dominated the diet in central-northernPeru, while further south the prey composition was more diverse. The diet also varied significantly according to the distance from the coast (higher proportion of P. monodoncloser to the coast) and the ontogenic stages.
Estudio bioquímico del veneno de Tityus kaderkai(Scorpiones: Buthidae) con notas sobre su distribución y hábitat en el Perú
Authors: Escobar Enrique , Tincopa Rosalina , Ochoa José A.
Published: July 2014

The biochemistry of the venom of Tityus kaderkai Kovařik, 2005 from Madre de Dios department, has been studied. The soluble venom contains 47.6% of protein. The venom proteins were separated from 12.9 mg of venom using cationic exchange chromatography in CM Sephadex C-25 with a 0.05 M ammonium acetate buffer pH 7.0. The chromatography profiles show seven peaks of proteins (I – VII) and five protein bands were distinguished in the crude venom, by PAGE-SDS. The toxicity assays allowed the identification of three toxins affecting Mus musculuswhich were associated to peaks IV, V and VII. Toxic proteins to Gryllus sp. were also found associated to peaks IV, V, VI and VII. Through the enzymatic activity, the presence of proteolytic activity over casein was found related to the first peak. Hyaluronidase activity has also been found in the peak IV with a specific activity 205.6 μg/min/mg. However, the crude venom and collected fractions did not show any phospholipase, anticoagulant, nor hemolytic activity. Notes on the distribution pattern and habitat are also included.
Siete nuevos registros de Arctiini (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) para Perú
Authors: Grados Juan , Espinoza Carlos , Ramírez Juan José , Centeno Pedro
Published: July 2014

Seven new Arctiini (Erebidae: Lepidoptera) are reported for Peru. Some of the species are rare among collections. Each new report belongs to different genera and the species given for each genus are those occurring in Peru, according to collections and literature references from their original descriptions. A new synonym is also reported for Agyrtiola niepeltiGaede, 1926.
Comportamiento de peces dulceacuicolas en contacto con Salmonella enteritidis var. danysz, La Habana, Cuba
Authors: Hernández Natividad , Torres Aymara , Ramírez Margarita , García Israel , Menéndez Zulema , Castro Julia
Published: July 2014

Se evaluó durante 6 meses el comportamiento de 13 especies de peces de la fauna dulceacuícola cubana, que fueron puestas en contacto con Salmonella enteritidis var danyz en concentración de 10 8 ufc/mL. En la evaluación se utilizaron los alevinos y juveniles procedentes de reservorios naturales, de la Estación de Guanímar y de Manpostón, ubicadas en Batabanó, Gaunímar, Guajaibón y La Lisa (Ciudad de la Habana). Antes de los ensayos, los peces fueron sometidos a 15 días de adaptación al cautiverio. Durante las evaluaciones, se registraron los parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua de los acuarios, detectándose incremento en los valores de nitritos y nitratos después de 48 horas de haberse colocado el inóculo. Se registraron los valores extremos de talla y peso de los peces, que comparados con el grupo control no evidenciaron diferencias significativas y al finalizar el ensayo todos los peces presentaron aspecto físico normal; por lo que se determinó que la dosis utilizada de Salmonella enteritidis var. danysz fue inocua para las diferentes especies de peces.
"El Niño 1997-98": su efecto sobre el ambiente y los recursos pesqueros en el Perú
Authors: Espino Marco
Published: July 2014

Se presenta una reseña de los efectos del fenómeno "El Niño 1997-98" en los recursos pesqueros del ecosistema de afloramiento peruano, dando especial énfasis a los cambios en los patrones de distribución y abundancia de los recursos anchoveta, sardina y merluza; ya los cambios en la autoecología de los mismos recursos. Finalmente, se comenta sobre las similitudes y diferencias de los efectos de este fenómeno con otros eventos de la misma naturaleza.
Prospección oceanográfica y biológica en el sur del Perú durante "El Niño 1997-98"
Authors: Quiroz Marco , Zambrano Martín , Cárdenas Freddy
Published: July 2014

El Oceanográfico y biológicas fueron estudiados en la zona sur del Perú en 36 estaciones distribuidas en los perfiles perpendicular respecto a la costa hasta 80 MN, de 13 a 16 en 1998, durante la fase de mayor intensidad de "El Niño 1997-1998". Los resultados mostraron una presencia generalizada de agua superficial subtropical, con una pobreza de la densidad de fitoplancton y la diversidad; y muy baja densidad de recursos pelágicos, como consecuencia de la profundización o la migración hacia el sur de los cardúmenes.
Variabilidad fenotípica de Nodilittorina en la Reserva de Paracas
Authors: Romero Leonardo , Tokeshi Mutsunori
Published: July 2014

El presente trabajo muestra las observaciones realizadas en setiembre de 1999, en las proporciones fenotípicas de Nodilittorina peruviana y Nodilittorina araucana, en 7 orillas rocosas de la parte norte de la Reserva Nacional de Paracas. Los individuos fueron evaluados en relación a los caracteres de su conchilla, como son la pigmentación blanca zigzag en N. peruviana y la escultura espiral en N. peruviana y N. araucana. Se observo que existen diferencias significativas entre las orillas rocosas respecto a las proporciones mencionados. Estas diferencias podrían ser relacionadas con la heterogeneidad geológica y geográfica del área de estudio.
Nuevos profesores eméritos de San Marcos: Dra. Luz Sarmiento Bendezú y el Dr. Hernando De Macedo Ruiz
Authors: Manosalva Bacigalupo Julio
Published: July 2014

El día martes 17 de diciembre del año 2002, en el recinto histórico de la Capilla de la Virgen de Loreto del Centro Cultural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos del Parque Universitario, en presencia del Dr. Manuel Burga Díaz, Rector de nuestra Cuatricentenaria Casa de Estudios, el Vicerrector Académico Dr. Raúl Izaguirre Maguiña, la Vicerrectora Administrativa, Dra. Beatriz Herrera García, decanos, autoridades de nuestra Facultad, profesores, compañeros de promoción, familiares y amigos, se rindió un emotivo homenaje a dos grandes maestros forjadores de Escuelas de Investigación y docencia, que han contribuido positivamente al desarrollo de la zoología en la antigua Facultad de Ciencias y posteriormente en la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas: la Dra. Luz Sarmiento Bendezú y el Dr. Hernando de Macedo Ruíz.
Handling Large and Complex Data in a Photovoltaic Research Institution Using a Custom Laboratory Information Management System
Authors: White Robert R. , Munch Kristin
Published: July 2014

Twenty-five years ago the desktop computer started becoming ubiquitous in the scientific lab. Researchers were delighted with its ability to both control instrumentation and acquire data on a single system, but they were not completely satisfied. There were often gaps in knowledge that they thought might be gained if they just had more data and they could get the data faster. Computer technology has evolved in keeping with Moore’s Law meeting those desires; however those improvements have of late become both a boon and bane for researchers. Computers are now capable of producing high speed data streams containing terabytes of information; capabilities that evolved faster than envisioned last century. Software to handle large scientific data sets has not kept up. How much information might be lost through accidental mismanagement or how many discoveries are missed through data overload are now vital questions. An important new task in most scientific disciplines involves developing methods to address those issues and to create the software that can handle large data sets with an eye towards scalability. This software must create archived, indexed, and searchable data from heterogeneous instrumentation for the implementation of a strong data-driven materials development strategy. At the National Center for Photovoltaics in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, we began development a few years ago on a Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) designed to handle lab-wide scientific data acquisition, management, processing and mining needs for physics and materials science data, and with a specific focus towards future scalability for new equipment or research focuses. We will present the decisions, processes, and problems we went through while building our LIMS system for materials research, its current operational state and our steps for future development.
Ab Initio Study of the Sub-threshold Electron Transport Properties of Ultra-scaled Amorphous Phase Change Material Germanium Telluride
Authors: Liu Jie , Xu Xu , Anantram M. P.
Published: July 2014

The sub-threshold electron transport properties of amorphous (a-) germanium telluride (GeTe) phase change material (PCM) ultra-thin films are investigated by using ab initio molecular dynamics, density function theory, and Green’s function simulations. The simulation results reproduce the trends in measured electron transport properties, e.g. current-voltage curve, intra-bandgap donor-like and acceptor-like defect states, and p-type conductivity. The underlying physical mechanism of electron transport in ultra-scaled a-PCM is unraveled. We find that, though the current-voltage curve of the ultra-scaled a-PCM resembles that of the bulk a-PCM, their physical origins are different. Unlike the electron transport in bulk a-PCM, which is governed by the Poole-Frenkel effect, the electron transport in ultra-scaled a-PCM is largely dominated by tunneling transport via intra-bandgap donor-like and acceptor-like defect states.
Near-UV background as a bridge between visible and infrared communication
Authors: Vieira M. , Vieira M. A. , Silva V. , Rodrigues I. , Louro P.
Published: July 2014

In this paper we present a monolithically integrated wavelength selector based on a multilayer pi’n/pin a-SiC:H integrated optical filter that requires appropriate near-ultraviolet steady states optical switches to select the desired wavelengths in the VIS-NIR ranges.

Results show that the background intensity works as a selector in the infrared/visible regions, shifting the sensor sensitivity. Low intensities select the NIR range while high intensities select the visible part accordingly to its wavelength. Here, the optical gain is very high in the red range, decreases in the green range, and stays near one in the blue region decreasing strongly in the near-UV range. The transfer characteristics effects due to changes in steady state light intensity and wavelength backgrounds are presented. The relationship between the optical inputs and the output signal is established when a multiplexed signal is analyzed.
Femtosecond laser materials processing of a-Si:H below the ablation threshold
Authors: Soleymanzadeh B. , Beyer W. , Luekermann F. , Prunici P. , Pfeiffer W. , Stiebig H.
Published: July 2014

Laser processing of thin-film silicon is a promising approach for the realization of polycrystalline silicon for large area electronics and solar cell applications. In this study we investigate the material modification of amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) with different hydrogen content (30%, 13% and <1%) by means of femtosecond (fs) laser pulses. Depending on the peak fluence applied, hydrogen diffusion/effusion, layer crystallization or material ablation can be achieved. Despite the low absorption coefficient of a-Si:H at the center wavelength of an amplified Titanium Sapphire laser at 790 nm a high local energy deposition close to the surface of the a-Si:H layer is observed, which can be attributed to a nonlinear absorption process.
Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon and Dopant Activation using Xenon Flash-Lamp Annealing (FLA)
Authors: Mudgal T. , Reepmeyer C. , Manley R. G. , Cormier D. , Hirschman K.D.
Published: July 2014

Flash-lamp annealing (FLA) has been investigated for the crystallization of a 60 nm amorphous silicon (a-Si) layer deposited by PECVD on display glass. Input factors to the FLA system included lamp intensity and pulse duration. Conditions required for crystallization included use of a 100 nm SiO2capping layer, and substrate heating resulting in a surface temperature ∼ 460 °C. An irradiance threshold of ∼ 20 kW/cm2was established, with successful crystallization achieved at a radiant exposure of 5 J/cm2, as verified using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) and Raman spectroscopy. Nickel-enhanced crystallization (NEC) using FLA was also investigated, with results suggesting an increase in crystalline volume. Different combinations of furnace annealing and FLA were studied for crystallization and activation of samples implanted with boron and phosphorus. Boron activation demonstrated a favorable response to FLA, achieving a resistivity ρ < 0.01 Ω•cm. Phosphorus activation by FLA resulted in a resistivity ρ ∼ 0.03 Ω•cm.
Effect of Morphology-based Defect Structure of ZnO Nanostructures in Photo-Degradation of Organic Dye
Authors: Shidpour Reza , Vosoughi Manouchehr , Simchi Abdolreza , Ghanbari Faegheh
Published: July 2014

The fabrication of strong photocatalysts applied to the degradation of organic pollutants is necessary in environmental applications. In a single-stage method, acetate precursor and poly vinyl pyrolydine are used to produce ZnO nanostructures with various morphologies in annealing temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 900 oC. The physical properties of the prepared nanostructures were characterized by SEM, XRD and PL spectroscopy. The SEM images exhibit a variety of the as-prepared hexagonal zinc oxides including wires, rods, particles and porous network of welded particles of ZnO nanoparticles. The results of the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue as an organic dye in aqueous suspension showed that the morphology of ZnO nanostructures influences on the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO nanostructures, greatly. For the best result, the highest MB degradation occurs by ZnO nanowires within 16 minutes and in others samples, degradation of higher than 95 percent occurs within 20 minutes. The XRD and PL spectroscopy revealed neither VZn nor Oi are in all of samples but only VO−, VO2− and Zni exist in ZnO nanostructures.