bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efetividade de quatro solventes sobre diferentes cimentos endodônticos
Authors: Filho Mário T. , Silva Ana Paula , Silva Guilherme , Tanomar Juliane G.
Published: April 2017

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade solvente de quatro solventes sobre cimentos obturadores. Os cimentos avaliados foram: Acroseal, AH Plus, Epiphany, Endomethasone N e Sealer 26. Foram confeccionados corpos-de-prova circulares com 10 mm de diâmetro e 1 mm de espessura para cada cimento. Cada corpo-de-prova foi pesado em balança de precisão até a estabilização da massa, quando a massa inicial foi determinada. Em seguida, os corpos-de-prova (n=07) foram imersos por 10 minutos nas soluções solventes avaliadas: eucaliptol, óleo de laranja (citrol), xilol e uma solução solvente experimental à base de tetracloroetileno. Depois de 48 h em estufa a 37ºC, foram realizadas novas pesagens a cada 24 h, até a estabilização (massa final). A diferença da massa final e inicial determinou a capacidade solvente. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância com 5% de significância e teste de Tukey. O cimento Endomethasone N foi o material mais solubilizado pelos solventes estudados. O cimento que apresentou menor solubilização foi o AH Plus, seguido pelo Acroseal, exceto no grupo eucaliptol, onde o Sealer 26 apresentou maior solubilização que o Acroseal. O cimento Epiphany, embora com baixa solubilização, foi o que apresentou maior ação solvente após o Endomethasone N. Conclui-se que o cimento à base de óxido de zinco e eugenol é o mais solubilizado pelos solventes avaliados, destacando-se o xilol.
Utilização de vídeo como recurso complementar de ensino em dentística operatória
Authors: Borges Alessandra B. , Pucci César R. , Torres Carlos R. , Barcellos Daphne C.
Published: April 2017

A diversificação das práticas pedagógicas tem sido adotada visando o aprimoramento do processo de ensino. Elaborou-se um vídeo sobre a técnica de restauração em amálgama na disciplina de Dentística Operatória da Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos – UNESP. O vídeo foi apresentado na aula expositiva, ao término da apresentação de slides, visando a melhor fixação do conhecimento e disponibilizado na Internet (http://www.fosjc.unesp.br/dentistica/paginas/ DentisticaI-noturno/paginas/Home.htm) . O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a opinião dos alunos sobre a validade do vídeo como facilitador da compreensão do assunto e da execução dos procedimentos laboratoriais. Foi aplicado um questionário aos alunos (n=78), com questões fechadas relativas ao aproveitamento do vídeo. Após a coleta dos resultados, os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. Observou-se que 100% dos alunos consideraram o vídeo como um recurso facilitador da compreensão e execução laboratorial da técnica; 94,87% observaram a melhora do processo de aprendizagem decorrente da visão dinâmica apresentada no vídeo em comparação à visão estática proporcionada pelos slides. Apenas 29,49% consideraram o vídeo como substituto adequado à demonstração prática dada pelo professor. Somente 28,20% acessaram o vídeo na internet após a aula e 8,97% o indicaram a outra pessoa. Concluiu-se que a apresentação do vídeo representou um recurso complementar de ensino válido e aprovado pelos alunos, contudo, não substituiu o contato aluno/professor proporcionado durante as demonstrações práticas. Em adição, o acesso do site pela Internet deve ser mais incentivado.
Avaliação do programa saúde ocupacional aplicado aos alunos de dentística.
Authors: Borges Alessandra Buhler , Pucci César Rogério , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Barcellos Daphne Câmara
Published: April 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a opinião dos alunos com relação ao programa Saúde Ocupacional da Disciplina de Dentística da FOSJC/UNESP. O programa aborda o aspecto preventivo das doenças que o cirurgião-dentista pode adquirir devido a sua atividade profissional. Desenvolvem-se motivação e conscientização do aluno com relação à prevenção de doenças ocupacionais (lesões por esforço repetitivo e as doenças degenerativas), pelo conhecimento de suas causas, formas de prevenção e aquisição do hábito da ginástica laboral. Elaborou-se uma apostila para consulta sobre doenças relacionadas à má-postura e métodos incorretos de trabalho e realizam-se exercícios de alongamento que compõem a ginástica laboral preparatória no início do expediente, em todas as aulas laboratoriais. Aplicou-se um questionário a 67 alunos, obtendo-se os seguintes resultados: 100% consideraram importante o ensino da Ergonomia na prática odontológica; 92,53% acreditam que a realização do alongamento nas aulas laboratoriais desperta o interesse para a prevenção das doenças degenerativas e lesões por esforço repetitivo; 95,52% pretendem continuar a realizar o alongamento no consultório odontológico; 94,02% consideraram adequado o conteúdo teórico da apostila com relação à Ergonomia. No entanto, apenas 67,16% dos alunos fariam o alongamento por interesse próprio nas aulas. Conclui-se que o programa cumpre a proposta de conscientizar os alunos quanto aos danos causados pela profissão, melhoria da condição de saúde e bem-estar do futuro profissional, mas necessita constante estimulação com relação ao tema.
O efeito da temperatura de queima da camada de opaco na resistência flexural de uma cerâmica vítrea submetida à cocção sobre uma liga de cobalto-cromo
Authors: Vasconcellos Luis Gustavo Oliveira de , Zogheib Lucas Villaça , Assunção e Souza Rodrigo Othávio de , Nogueira Junior Lafayette , Bottino Marco Antônio
Published: April 2017

Este estudo avaliou a influência da temperatura de queima da camada de opaco na resistência de união entre uma liga de cobalto-cromo e uma cerâmica, após serem submetidos ao ensaio de flexão de três pontos. Considera-se a hipótese: o aumento da temperatura de queima do opaco melhora a resistência flexural da cerâmica aplicada sobre o metal. Barras metálicas (25x3x0,5mm) (n=30) foram fundidas em Co-Cr e as áreas centrais das barras (8x3mm) foram jateadas com partículas de óxido de alumínio de 150μm e divididas em 3 grupos de acordo com a temperatura de queima da camada de opaco (n=10): G1 (grupo controle) – 900°C; G2 – 950°C e G3 – 1000°C. As cerâmicas opaca e de corpo (Vita Omega 900) foram queimadas sobre a área central. Os espécimes foram mantidos em água destilada à 37° C durante 24 horas e a seguir foram submetidos ao teste de flexão de três pontos. Após o teste, os tipos de falhas foram classificados. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente (Kruskal-Wallis 1 e teste de Dunn , μ=0,05). A diferença dos valores médios de resistência flexural foi estatisticamente significante (p=0,004), sendo que os grupos G2- 19,84±4,24N e G3- 22,43±5,94N exibiram valores de resistência flexural maiores que o grupo G1- 12,525±1,08N. Concluíu-se que o aumento da temperatura de queima da camada de opaco melhorou significantemente os valores de resistência flexural. O modo de falha predominante foi adesiva na interface metal/cerâmica para o grupo G1 e exclusivamente coesiva na zona interfacial camada de opaco/Co-Cr com presença de cerâmica na superfície dos grupos G2 e G3.
Efeito de dois sistemas de polimento mecânico na rugosidade superficial da cerâmica feldspática
Authors: Spohr Ana Maria , Scota Angela Panciera Cristina
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Em determinadas situações clínicas faz-se necessário o polimento mecânico das superfícies de restaurações em cerâmica após sua cimentação. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar quantitativamente e qualitativamente a rugosidade superficial de quatro cerâmicas feldspáticas quando submetidas ao polimento mecânico com dois diferentes sistemas após simulação de ajuste oclusal. Foram confeccionados 48 discos de cerâmica feldspática, sendo 12 discos da cerâmica Super Porcelain EX-3 (Noritake), 12 discos Ceramco 3 (Dentsply), 12 discos Duceram Plus (Ducera) e 12 discos Heraceram (Heraeus Kulzer). Todas as amostras foram glazeadas e posteriormente 10 discos de cada cerâmica receberam desgaste com ponta diamantada 4138 para simular ajuste oclusal, seguido das pontas diamantadas 4138F e 4138FF. Posteriormente, metade de cada disco foi polida com o sistema para polimento da Edenta e, a outra metade, com o sistema para polimento da Komet. Dois discos de cada cerâmica permaneceram glazeados (grupo controle). Para realizar a análise quantitativa, a média de rugosidade superficial das amostras foi medida, antes e depois do polimento das superfícies, utilizando o rugosímetro SL-201 (Mitutoyo). A análise qualitativa foi realizada com microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Os dados de rugosidade superficial foram submetidos ao teste t-student pareado (a=0,05). As superfícies polidas com os sistemas Edenta e Komet não reproduziram a lisura superficial das superfícies glazeadas. Entretanto, o sistema Edenta proporcionou menor rugosidade superficial nas cerâmicas testadas em relação ao sistema da Komet.
Cytotoxicity of substances leached from a conventional and a self-etching adhesive system on human pulp fibroblasts
Authors: Cavalcanti Bruno Neves , Marques Marcia Martins
Published: April 2017

The use of adhesives for direct dental pulp capping is not advisable, due to its harmful effects to the tissue. However, new adhesive systems are often released, and self-etching systems seem to be less toxic than conventional ones. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro cytotoxicity of substances leached from calcium hydroxide and two adhesive systems on human dental pulp fibroblasts. Cell culture media conditioned by Calcium Hydroxide (CH), Single Bond (SB), Clearfill Protect Bond primer (CP) or Clearfill Protect Bond resin (CB) were applied to human pulp fibroblasts. Fresh cell culture medium was used in the Control group. The number of viable cells was obtained through the MTT reduction assay. Data were compared by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p≤0.05). The mean number of viable cells was 3.9x103(±0.75) for the control group, which was similar to those found in the CH group (4.31x103±0.87). Statistical differences were found among the groups (p<0.001),with the cell viability decreasing significantly with SB (0.09x103±0.06) and CP (0.28x103±0.08) when compared to CH and control groups. CB (2.37x103±0.72) was significantly less cytotoxic than CP and SB, but more cytotoxic than CH. It was concluded that Single Bond and Clearfill Protect Bond primer release substances that decrease cell viability of human dental pulp cells in culture. The use of bonding systems for direct pulp capping is not recommended, since they are cytotoxic.
Avaliação da indicação de materiais para proteção do complexo dentinopulpar
Authors: Takanashi Polyana Tiemi , Silva Liège Maria Pereira , Komori Paula Carolina Paiva , Rode Sigmar Melo
Published: April 2017

A utilização de materiais para proteção do complexo dentinopulpar (CDP) ainda é um assunto polêmico na área odontológica, já que a existência de um arsenal variado induz a dúvidas quanto à sua utilização. A pesquisa consiste na idealização de um questionário relacionado às condutas clínicas frente a estes materiais, já que ainda não se chegou a um consenso para tal.  As perguntas foram enviadas através de e-mail aos associados do Grupo Brasileiro de Professores de Dentística (GBPD). Foram obtidas 98 respostas sobre as quais pôde-se observar uma alta predileção pelo uso de vernizes cavitários e hibridização em cavidades rasas para amálgama. Nos casos de preparos cavitários profundos para amálgama e resina composta, observou-se que o hidróxido de cálcio é o material de eleição. A maioria dos profissionais não diferem quanto ao tipo de material a ser utilizado em restaurações para dentes anteriores e posteriores. Condutas com relação à exposição acidental da polpa também foram observadas, notando-se que quase 100% dos profissionais realizam o capeamento pulpar direto nestes casos. Os resultados observados na pesquisa poderão servir de orientação e parâmetro a profissionais da área odontológica quanto aos materiais e técnicas mais indicados pelos associados do GBPD que são profissionais com elevado nível de conceituação e atualização no assunto.
Ação do laser Nd:YAG sobre selamento retroapical de cavidades preparadas com ultrassom ou broca e retro-obturadas com mta ou polímero da mamona
Authors: Carvalho Cláudio Antonio Talge , Figueiredo Mariana Diehl , Oliveira Luciane Dias de , Carvalho Alessandra Sverberi , Valera Márcia Carneiro
Published: April 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a ação do laser de Nd:YAG no selamento apical da dentina radicular preparada retroapicalmente com ultrassom ou broca convencional e retro-obturada com MTA ou polímero derivado do óleo da mamona. Foram utilizados 80 dentes humanos unirradiculados cujas coroas foram removidas e o terço radicular apical seccionado em 3 mm. As raízes foram divididas em 8 grupos (n=10): G1: preparo retroapical com ultrassom, aplicação do laser e retro-obturação com MTA; G2:preparo retroapical com ultrassom, aplicação do laser e retro-obturação com cimento à base do polímero damamona; G3: preparo retroapical com brocas diamantadas, aplicação do laser e retro-obturação com MTA; G4: preparo retroapical com brocas, aplicação do laser e retro-obturação com cimento de mamona; G5: preparo retroapical com ultrassom, retro-obturação com MTA, sem irradiação prévia pelo laser; G6: preparo retroapical com ultrassom, retro-obturação com cimento de mamona, sem irradiação prévia pelo laser; G7: preparo retroapical com o uso de brocas e retro-obturação com MTA, sem irradiação prévia pelo laser;G8: preparo retroapical com brocas e retro-obturação com cimento de mamona, sem irradiação prévia pelo laser. Os espécimes foram imersos em corante, clivados e levados à leitura da infiltração máxima para cada espécime. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância ANOVA e teste de Tukey (5%). Os menores valores de infiltração foram verificados nos grupos G2, G4, G5, G6 e G8, com diferença significante em relação aos grupos G1, G3 e G7 (p<0,05), que apresentaram maiores valores de infiltração. Pôde-se concluir que o uso do laser só apresentou bons resultados quando associado ao polímero da mamona. O melhormaterial retro-obturador foi o polímero da mamona, em todos os grupos (preparo retroapical com broca ou ultrassom, com ou sem laser). O MTA só apresentou bons resultados quando associado ao ultrassom e sem irradiação pelo laser.
Influência da fundição de coifas plásticas e usinadas sobre a microdeformação ao redor de implantes de hexágono externo em posicionamento compensado (offset)
Authors: Nishioka Renato Sussumu , Santos Vivan Mayumi Miyazaki , Nishioka Gabriela Nogueira de Melo , Balducci Ivan , Andreatta Filho Osvaldo Daniel
Published: April 2017

Este estudo in vitro analisou por meio da extensometria, as micro deformações que ocorreram ao redor de implantes de hexágono externo inseridos no posicionamento compensado (offset) ao variar o tipo de coifa, plástica e usinada. No bloco de poliuretano três implantes de  hexágono externo foram inseridos no posicionamento compensado. Pilares Microunit foram concectados aos implantes com torque de 20Ncm. Coifas plásticas (n=5) e usinadas (n=5) receberam enceramentos padronizados e foram fundidos em monobloco em liga de cobalto-cromo. Tangenciando os implantes foram colado os extensômetros,, sendo dois para o central. As estruturas metálicas foram fixadas aos pilares protéticos com parafusos de retenção com torque de 10Ncm, quando foram registradas as micro deformações em cada extensômetro. Os valores médios obtidos dos extensômetros para as coifas plásticas foram de 591, 01+/- 148,08 e para as usinadas 409,04 +/- 65,83. Este foram avaliados pelo teste t-Student, que demonstrou não haver diferen;ca estatística significante ao variar o tipo de coifa (p=0.054). Concluiu- se que, para implantes de hexágono externo no posicionamento compensado, o tipo de coifa não influenciou na quantidade de micro deformação gerada após o aperto dos parafusos de retenção da prótese.
Avaliação da resistência à tração entre sistemas para reparo de revestimento estético e liga de níquel-cromo.
Authors: Andreatta Filho Osvaldo Daniel , Nishioka Renato Sussumu
Published: April 2017

Objectives: This study evaluated the adhesive bond strength between four repair systems and a nickel-chromium alloy for metalceramic crowns. Material and Methods: Twenty-four blocks of nickel-chromium with dimensions of 5x5x5 mm were cast and divided into four groups of six blocks. Each group was conditioned with the following surface treatments: G1- sandblasting with Al2O3 (50 µm) + Alloy Primer (Kuraray); G2-sandblasting with Al2O3 (50 µm) + 37% phosphoric acid + Adper Single Bond 2 (3M); G3- Cojet-Sand System (3M); G4- Cojet-Sand System (3M) + Adper Single Bond 2 (3M). On the conditioned face of the metal blocks was applied composite resin until obtaining a symmetrical resin block. These sets were split up, obtained 96 samples of 10x1x1 mm, with adhesive surface of 1 mm². After thermocycling (500 cycles at 5-55 °C) all samples were submitted to the microtensile test in an universal test machine (EMIC) with crosshead speed of 1mm/min. Results: Means and standard deviation of bond strength (MPa) were: G1: 24.49 ± 4.80, G2: 19.51 ± 3.90, G3: 38.93 ± 3.37 and G4: 36.49 ± 3.45. The data were analyzed by the analysis of variance test (ANOVA) indicating that values of bond strength of the group G3 and G4 were significantly larger than the groups G1 and G2. Conclusion: It was concluded that the NiCr alloy conditioned with Cojet-Sand (G3 and G4) increased the values of bond strength to composite resin compared to the surface treatments of groups G1 and G2.
Contrapuntos en torno al concepto, metodología y enseñanza de la economía: notas críticas para comprender la construcción y transmisión del conocimiento en las ciencias económicas
Authors: Enríquez Pérez Isaac
Published: April 2017

Sin ánimo de desacreditar o demeritar los esfuerzos realizados en la construcción de la teoría económica, el presente artículo tiene como finalidad desestabilizar la noción del concepto convencional de la economía como ciencia y (de)construirlo hasta trascender a la escasez como objeto de estudio de la misma; así como desentrañar los rasgos y el sentido de la metodología orientada a la construcción del pensamiento científico en las ciencias económicas, con especial énfasis en la epistemología neo/positivista predominante y los paradigmas alternativos al interior de la disciplina. Para cumplir con este propósito es importante recurrir a la historia del pensamiento económico y comprender su accidentada evolución conceptual y epistemológica; al tiempo que se reconoce que la economía no es una ciencia homogénea, aunque sí signada por el predominio de un peculiar enfoque que no solo incide en la academia, sino que también extiende su influencia al diseño de las políticas públicas. En suma, este análisis crítico es una invitación al diálogo entre las ciencias económicas y las ciencias políticas, así como al ejercicio de la interdisciplinariedad en la investigación y la docencia.
La economía mundial amesetada: algunas reflexiones a ocho años de la última crisis financiera global
Authors: Buchieri Flavio Ernesto
Published: April 2017

La economía mundial aún no se recupera totalmente luego de la ocurrencia de la pasada Crisis Financiera en 2008, que comenzó en Estados Unidos, se acentuó en la Euro Zona y se extendió por todo el planeta. Si a estos aspectos se le suman las tensiones económicas y geopolíticas que surgen de un mundo multipolar, las perspectivas a corto plazo no serán las esperables a partir del análisis histórico de las series contempladas. Analizar la dinámica de estos aspectos constituye el objetivo central de este artículo.
Análisis de neuroeconomía como nuevo paradigma en la ciencia económica
Authors: Arias Denise Elisabet
Published: April 2017

La neuroeconomía es una reciente disciplina que estudia lo que sucede en el cerebro humano durante la toma de decisiones, y la relación entre las emociones y la conducta de los agentes económicos. Como su nombre lo indica, surge de la conjunción entre neurociencias y economía. En los últimos años el avance vertiginoso de las neurociencias permitió la realización de numerosas investigaciones en esta área, haciendo posibles nuevos enfoques en los análisis económicos.En el año 2002 se otorgó el Premio Nobel de Economía al psicólogo israelí Daniel Kahneman, quien en su estudio reveló que se cometen errores a la hora de tomar decisiones económicas. Fue pionero en integrar descubrimientos de psicología en las ciencias económicas y demostró que el supuesto clásico de la decisión racional del consumidor es afectado por importantes sesgos cognitivos.Se cuestiona la teoría económica clásica desde Adam Smith que se basa en que los miembros de la sociedad son siempre racionales, definidos como «homo economicus» que buscan maximizar las utilidades, analizando objetivamente los costos y beneficios. En el presente trabajo se hace una revisión de los aportes clásicos de la economía y de cómo el conocimiento detallado del cerebro humano y sus funciones logró que las neurociencias puedan aplicar esos nuevos saberes en su campo, teniendo en cuenta que los aspectos emocionales y racionales del comportamiento son derivados del mismo cerebro.
Derivations of second type of algebra of second class filiform Leibniz algebras of dimension derivation (n+2)
Authors: Ahmad AL-Nashri AL-hossain
Published: April 2017

In this article, the derivations of second type of algebra from the second class filiform Leibniz algebras of dimension derivation (n+2) is discussed. From the description of the derivations. It is found that the basis of the space Der(Ln(b)) of the algebra.
Does it Matter if Students Have the Same Instructor for Both Lecture and Lab Sections? An Analysis of Introductory Biology Students
Authors: Wise Michael Joseph
Published: April 2017

With the goal of increasing the immediacy of the relationship between tenure-track professors and students, science departments in liberal arts colleges may try to arrange their curriculum so that students have the same professor in both the lecture and the lab section of introductory courses. While this goal seems laudable, empirical data are currently lacking to justify the logistical hurdles and professional sacrifices likely required to match professors to students in both lecture and lab sections of large courses. To address this data gap, I analyzed student evaluations and grades from three years of an introductory biology course that included separate lecture and lab sections. There was no evidence that matching a student’s lecture and lab instructor had any benefit on either the students’ perception of the effectiveness of the labs, or on the students’ performance in their lab or lecture sections. In addition, there was no consistent pattern in students’ perceptions of the relative effectiveness of tenure-track professors, visiting professors, and adjunct instructors. This study suggests that students may even benefit from having different instructors in their lecture and lab, whether they are tenured professors, visiting professors, or part-time adjuncts.
Linking Essential Learning Outcomes and Interprofessional Collaborative Practice Competency in Health Science Undergraduates
Authors: Reed Carole-Rae , Garcia Luis Ivan , Slusser Margaret , Konowitz Sharon , Yep Jewelry
Published: April 2017

Abstract Assessing student learning outcomes and determining achievement of the Interprofessional Collaborative Practice (IPCEP) Core Competency of Values/Ethics in a generic pre-professional Bachelor of Science in Health Science (BSHS) program is challenging. A course level Student Learning Outcome (SLO) is: “….articulate the impact of personal values and professional ethics in healthcare decision-making”. A program level terminal learning outcome is to “….critically discuss the interface of values/ethics on health outcomes”. One university level Essential Learning Outcome (ELOs) that all baccalaureate students are expected to achieve by graduation is Ethical Reasoning. This was equivalent to the IPCEP Values/Ethics core competency. This paper describes a strategy to simultaneously measure the Values/Ethics competency at course, program, and university levels. A narrative analysis (n=94) using required ethical decision making BSHS student papers was conducted to determine achievement of SLOs/ELOs and the IPCEP Values/Ethics core competency. Eleven items in the grading criteria were linked to outcome criteria for university ELO competency. A point value was assigned to each of these items using a scoring rubric indicating level of achievement. Results indicated that most students were at the Skilled level for the majority of students, and demonstrated adequate achievement of university, program, and course level learning outcomes as well as achievement of the IPCEP Values/Ethics core competency. Keywords: Assessment; Essential Learning Outcomes; Ethics; Rubrics; Values; Student Learning Outcomes; Competency
Socializing intellectual talk: A case study of instructor follow-up statements in classroom discourse
Authors: Parsons Caroline S.
Published: April 2017

By analyzing the audio-recording and transcription of classroom discourse, this case study focused on the ways in which the instructor used follow-up statements to socialize students into intellectual talk. Four relevant categories of follow-up statements emerged: (a) revoicing, (b) contextualization; (c) parallel elaboration, and (d) assistive elaboration. These follow-up statements elevated students’ ability to articulate their ideas, restated or contextualized their ideas, and guided them to ground their utterances in the course readings and materials. Another conclusion drawn from the findings is that students clearly became enmeshed in the program’s community and were able to demonstrate this membership through their use of intellectual talk in the classroom. Suggestions for future research are provided.
Monotonicity and Symmetry of Nonnegative Solutions to -Δ u=f(u) in Half-Planes and Strips
Authors: Farina Alberto , Sciunzi Berardino
Published: April 2017

We consider nonnegative solutions to

-

Δ
⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
u
)

${-\Delta u=f(u)}$

in half-planes and strips, under zero Dirichlet boundary condition. Exploiting a rotating and sliding line technique, we prove symmetry and monotonicity properties of the solutions, under very general assumptions on the nonlinearity f. In fact, we provide a unified approach that works in all cases:

f
⁢

(
0
)

<
0

${f(0)<0}$

,

f
⁢

(
0
)

=
0

${f(0)=0}$

or

f
⁢

(
0
)

>
0

${f(0)>0}$

.Furthermore, we make the effort to deal with nonlinearities f that may be not locally-Lipschitz continuous.We also provide explicit examples showing the sharpness of our assumptions on the nonlinear function f.
Experimental Characterisation and Finite-element Simulations of a Thermoelectric Generator with Ceramic p-type Ca3Co4O9 and Metallic n-type Cu0.57Ni0.42Mn0.01 Legs
Authors: Geppert B. , Groeneveld D. , Bittner M. , Feldhoff A.
Published: April 2017

This study presents the characterisation of a prototype thermoelectric generator including ceramic

C

a

3

C

o

4

O

9

${\rm{C}}{{\rm{a}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{o}}_{\rm{4}}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{9}}}$

p-type and metallic

C

u

0

.
57

N

i

0

.
42

M

n

0

.
01

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n-type legs. The generator was constructed applying the conventional rigid chessboard design, which provides an electrical series connection of the thermoelectrically active materials in between of two electrical isolating cover plates made of alumina. Ag-epoxy resin was used for electric connectors which were directly bond to the thermoelectrically active materials. The generator was rebuild in the framework of a finite-element model to simulate the generator’s transport characteristics using the physical data of the single materials as input parameters for the simulation tool. The simulation results give a view to the distributions of temperature and electric potential as well as vector plots showing the generated current density of charge inside the regarded materials. The finite-element simulation tool was used to consider the electrical contact resistivities between the thermoelectric legs and the connector material. The input parameter for the specific isothermal electric resistivity of the Ag-epoxy connectors were varied by including the electrical contact resistances to match the simulated to the measured data in order to receive the correct electric current densities in the modeled device.
Decarburization and Inclusion Removal Process in Single Snorkel Vacuum Degasser
Authors: Dian-Qiao Geng , Lei Hong , He Ji-Cheng
Published: April 2017

In the current work, the coupled mathematical models for decarburization, fluid flow model and inclusion collision-aggregation model were solved to investigate the spatial distribution of carbon, inclusion’s collision-aggregation and removal in a single snorkel vacuum refining furnace (SSF). The numerical results show that the turbulence kinetic energy of ladle in SSF is much greater than that in RH, which can shrink the dead zone and prompt the mixing in the ladle. The overall decarburization reaction rate can be described as a first-order reaction. On the condition of the same gas flow rate, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient for decarburization in SSF is almost twenty times bigger than that in RH, which leads to a much greater decarburization rate in SSF. The spatial distribution of carbon mass fraction in SSF is quite different from that in RH. There is the greater mass fraction of carbon at the recirculation zone under up-snorkel in RH, but this phenomenon disappears in SSF. The inclusion removal can be simplified as the mass transfer between liquid steel to slag, refractory wall and bubble surface. And the overall inclusion removal rate can be regarded as a first-order reaction. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient for inclusion removal in SSF is about three times as that in RH, the inclusion removal rate in SSF is greater than that in RH. The inclusions with different size have different removal rates in SSF. For inclusion flotation after deoxidization, the treatment time in SSF is less than that in RH.
Effects of Rare Earth Lanthanum on the Solidification Structure and Hot Ductility of Fe-43Ni Expansion Alloy
Authors: Yu Y. C , Zhang S. H , Li H , Wang S. B
Published: April 2017

Effects of lanthanum content on the solidification structure and the hot ductility of Fe-43Ni expansion alloy were investigated, the corresponding mechanisms were also discussed. The results showed that the macrostructures of the alloys were first significantly refined with increasing lanthanum content in the range of 0~0.025 % and then became coarse again with lanthanum content up to 0.04 %. La2O2S inclusions can serve as the effective inclusions sites promoting the refinement of the macrostructures. The changes of the macrostructures were influenced by the quantity density and the size distribution of La2O2S inclusions. The addition of 0.01–0.025 % lanthanum can improve the hot ductility over the whole testing temperature range, especially at 1000–1050 °C. The improvement of the hot ductility was mainly associated with the grain boundary strengthening and the acceleration of dynamic recrystallization by adding lanthanum. With addition of 0.04 % lanthanum, the hot ductility of the alloy became deteriorated, which was owed to the presence of brittle Fe-Ni-La intermetallic compounds.
Effect of Prior Thermomechanical Treatment on Annealed Microstructure and Microhardness in Cobalt-Based Superalloy Co-20Cr-15W-10Ni
Authors: Kumar V. Anil , Gupta R. K , Kumar Vinod , Venkitakrishnan P. V
Published: April 2017

Microstructure evolution in Co-20Cr-15W-10Ni alloy with hot deformation and subsequent annealing has been studied using hot isothermal compression at different temperatures and strain rates followed by annealing at 1,423 K for 1 h. In the as-deformed condition, optical microstructure reveals deformation bands in specimens deformed at low temperature (1,323 K) and high strain rate (10 s–1). In deformation beyond 1,423 K, very fine recrystallized grains are observed at all the strain rates, which is seen to be fully developed at 1,473 K onwards especially at lower strain rates (0.1 and 0.01 s–1). EBSD maps reveal recrystallized grains and presence of deformation twins. Grain growth is observed at strain rate lower than 0.1 s–1 and temperature more than 1,473 K. After annealing of deformed samples, fully recrystallized grains and annealing twins have been observed. Samples subjected to prior deformation at higher strain rates showed mixed grains with small banding of recrystallized structure, whereas more uniform recrystallized microstructure is observed at slow strain rates. Microhardness decreases with increase in deformation temperature. However, annealed hardness is found to be increasing marginally with decreasing prior deformation temperature (especially for slower strain rates), attributing to relatively uniform and fine microstructure after annealing.
The Effects of Beef, Chicken, or Whey Protein After Workout on Body Composition and Muscle Performance
Authors: Sharp Matthew H. , Lowery Ryan P. , Shields Kevin A. , Lane Jason R. , Gray Jocelyn L. , Partl Jeremy M. , Hayes Daniel W. , Wilson Gabriel J. , Hollmer Chase A. , Minivich Julie R. , Wilson Jacob M.
Published: April 2017

Sharp, MH, Lowery, RP, Shields, KA, Lane, JR, Gray, JL, Partl, JM, Hayes, DW, Wilson, GJ, Hollmer, CA, Minivich, JR, and Wilson, JM. The effects of beef, chicken, or whey protein after workout on body composition and muscle performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2233–2242, 2018—The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of postworkout consumption of beef protein isolate (Beef), hydrolyzed chicken protein (Chx), or whey protein concentrate (WPC), compared with a control on body composition and muscle performance during 8 weeks of resistance training. Forty-one men and women were randomized into 4 groups: WPC (m = 5, f = 5; age [years] = 19 ± 2, height [cm] = 171 ± 10, mass [kg] = 74.60 ± 14.19), Beef (m = 5, f = 5; age [years] = 22 ± 4, height [cm] = 170 ± 7, mass [kg] = 70.13 ± 8.16), Chx (m = 5, f = 6; Age [years] = 21 ± 2, height [cm] = 169 ± 9, mass [kg] = 74.52 ± 13.83), and Maltodextrin (control) (m = 4, f = 6; age [years] = 21 ± 2, height [cm] = 170 ± 9, mass [kg] = 73.18 ± 10.96). Subjects partook in an 8-week periodized resistance training program. Forty-six grams of protein or a control were consumed immediately after training or at similar times on off-days. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to determine changes in body composition. Maximum strength was assessed by 1 repetition maximum for bench press (upper body) and deadlift (lower body). Power output was measured using cycle ergometer. Whey protein concentrate (52.48 ± 11.15 to 54.96 ± 11.85 kg), Beef (51.68 ± 7.61 to 54.65 ± 8.67 kg), and Chx (52.97 ± 12.12 to 54.89 ± 13.43 kg) each led to a significant increase in lean body mass compared with baseline (p < 0.0001), whereas the control condition did not (53.14 ± 11.35 to 54.19 ± 10.74 kg). Fat loss was also significantly decreased at 8 weeks compared to baseline for all protein sources (p < 0.0001; WPC: 18.70 ± 7.38 to 17.16 ± 7.18 kg; Beef: 16.43 ± 5.71 to 14.65 ± 5.41 kg; Chx: 17.58 ± 5.57 to 15.87 ± 6.07 kg), but not the control condition (16.29 ± 7.14 to 14.95 ± 7.72 kg). One repetition maximum for both deadlift and bench press was significantly increased for all treatment groups when compared with baseline. No differences in strength were noted between conditions. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that consuming quality sources of protein from meat or WPC lead to significant benefits in body composition compared with control.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Behavior of Rammed Aggregate Piers
Authors: Demir S. , Özener P. , Kirkit M.
Published: April 2017

This study presents the results from a series of laboratory tests carried out on rammed aggregate piers (RAPs) installed in different clayey sand beds formed in a large scale model test tank. The clayey sand beds were prepared by mixing 60 % sand, 40 % clay at a water content of 1.5 times the liquid limit of the clayey sand. The slurry mixtures were allowed to consolidate one-dimensionally until they reach different undrained strength values (cu = 2.5, 3, and 10 kPa). The diameter and length of RAPs were in the order of 10 cm and 60 cm, respectively for all the model tests carried out. The rammed aggregate piers were subjected to vertical loading at the top through a loading plate which was displaced by jacking of the installation system. Soil pressure cells were installed at different depths of the clayey sand bed to evaluate stress changes in them. Behavior of the single and group rammed aggregate pier and the surrounding soil were investigated by evaluating the measurements obtained from load tests and pressure cells. As a result of the laboratory tests, noteworthy results were obtained regarding the working mechanism of the RAPs in soils having different soil strengths, stress increases in the surrounding soil, and load sharing between the RAPs and the surrounding soil. A model test was also analyzed numerically and the results of laboratory measurements were compared with the numerical simulations. The results of the numerical analysis yielded reasonably close agreement with the experimental result.
Plastic Limit and Other Consistency Parameters by a Bending Method and Interpretation of Plasticity Classification in Soils
Authors: Moreno-Maroto J. M. , Alonso-Azcárate J.
Published: April 2017

Although plastic limit, PL, is one of the parameters more widely used in the field of geotechnical engineering, the existing method for its determination (the thread-rolling test) is characterized by its low accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility. These shortcomings have led to a great deal of criticisms, and in fact, several authors have tried to develop alternative methods to obtain the PL in soils. Despite that, the standardized thread-rolling method remains strong because of its simplicity, low cost, and quick performance. In previous studies, an alternative method, which was based on bending soil threads of 3 mm in diameter and 52 mm long until they start to crack, was presented by the authors. The relationship between the water content and the measured bending deformations allows the PL to be calculated with an equation. Apart from this, experienced laboratory operator. The Casagrande chart has been interpreted according to the PL, BL, and SSL in order to uncover more information about this system for soil classification, and after detecting some incongruities, a new proposal is presented.
Groundwater Effect Factors for the Load-Carrying Behavior of Footings From Hydraulic Chamber Load Tests
Authors: Park D. , Kim I. , Kim G. , Lee J.
Published: April 2017

The presence of groundwater level (GWL) causes changes in stiffness and strength of soil, affecting the bearing capacity and settlement of shallow foundations. In the present study, the load-carrying capacity and settlement of footings in sands under various GWL conditions were investigated. For this purpose, a series of model footing load tests and cone penetration tests (CPTs) were conducted using the hydraulically controlled chamber system. Different GWL and soil conditions were considered in the tests. The load-carrying capacity of footings became lower with increasing GWL, which was most significant within the depth of GWL (dw) equal to footing width (1.0B). Larger reductions in the bearing capacity with GWL were observed for looser soils with lower relative density. Based on the test results, design equations and correlation parameters for the GWL effects on the bearing capacity and settlement were proposed as a function of GWL, applied load, and relative density. It was confirmed that the existing CPT-based correlations to footing bearing capacity are valid and applicable for soils with GWL.
Demand Response in Flow Shop With Job Due Dates Using Genetic Algorithm Approach
Authors: Nayak A. , Fang K. , Lee S.
Published: April 2017

Demand side management (DSM) has shown great potential in reducing the operating cost for energy intensive manufacturing industries. In this paper, we considered a permutation flow shop with process flexibility enabling the jobs to be processed at different speeds with a trade-off between the processing time and the power consumption. We formulated a multi-objective scheduling problem with two objectives: minimizing total earliness/tardiness cost and minimizing total energy consumption. We used an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm and tested its performance with different randomly generated instances. We also investigated a mathematical programming approach for comparative analysis. The computational experiments confirmed that our proposed genetic algorithm approach was scalable and performed well in obtaining near-optimal solutions in a reasonable time.
Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) Representation in Predictive Model Markup Language (PMML)
Authors: Park J. , Lechevalier D. , Ak R. , Ferguson M. , Law K. H. , Lee Y.-T. T. , Rachuri S.
Published: April 2017

This paper describes Gaussian process regression (GPR) models presented in predictive model markup language (PMML). PMML is an extensible-markup-language (XML) -based standard language used to represent data-mining and predictive analytic models, as well as pre- and post-processed data. The previous PMML version, PMML 4.2, did not provide capabilities for representing probabilistic (stochastic) machine-learning algorithms that are widely used for constructing predictive models taking the associated uncertainties into consideration. The newly released PMML version 4.3, which includes the GPR model, provides new features: confidence bounds and distribution for the predictive estimations. Both features are needed to establish the foundation for uncertainty quantification analysis. Among various probabilistic machine-learning algorithms, GPR has been widely used for approximating a target function because of its capability of representing complex input and output relationships without predefining a set of basis functions, and predicting a target output with uncertainty quantification. GPR is being employed to various manufacturing data-analytics applications, which necessitates representing this model in a standardized form for easy and rapid employment. In this paper, we present a GPR model and its representation in PMML. Furthermore, we demonstrate a prototype using a real data set in the manufacturing domain.
A Classification Scheme for Smart Manufacturing Systems’ Performance Metrics
Authors: Lee Y. T. , Kumaraguru S. , Jain S. , Robinson S. , Helu M. , Hatim Q. Y. , Rachuri S. , Dornfeld D. , Saldana C. J. , Kumara S.
Published: April 2017

This paper proposed a classification scheme for performance metrics for smart manufacturing systems. The discussion focused on three such metrics: agility, asset utilization, and sustainability. For each of these metrics, we discussed classification themes, which we then used to develop a generalized classification scheme. In addition to the themes, we discussed a conceptual model that may form the basis for the information necessary for performance evaluations. Finally, we present future challenges in developing robust, performance-measurement systems for real-time, data-intensive enterprises.
Cut in translation: ribosome‐dependent mRNA decay
Authors: Lalaouna David , Massé Eric
Published: April 2017

Transcription and translation are two complex mechanisms that are tightly coupled in prokaryotic cells. Even before the completion of transcription, ribosomes attach to the nascent mRNA and initiate protein synthesis. Remarkably, recent publications have indicated an association between translation and decay of certain mRNAs. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Leroy et al (2017) depicts a fascinating mechanism of mRNA degradation, which involves the ribosome‐associated ribonuclease Rae1 in Bacillus subtilis. In a translation‐dependent manner, Rae1 binds the ribosomal aminoacylation (A)‐site and cleaves between specific codons of the targeted mRNA.
Inhibition of PIKfyve prevents myocardial apoptosis and hypertrophy through activation of SIRT3 in obese mice
Authors: Tronchere Helene , Cinato Mathieu , Timotin Andrei , Guitou Laurie , Villedieu Camille , Thibault Helene , Baetz Delphine , Payrastre Bernard , Valet Philippe , Parini Angelo , Kunduzova Oksana , Boal Frederic
Published: April 2017

PIKfyve is an evolutionarily conserved lipid kinase that regulates pleiotropic cellular functions. Here, we identify PIKfyve as a key regulator of cardiometabolic status and mitochondrial integrity in chronic diet‐induced obesity. In vitro, we show that PIKfyve is critical for the control of mitochondrial fragmentation and hypertrophic and apoptotic responses to stress. We also provide evidence that inactivation of PIKfyve by the selective inhibitor STA suppresses excessive mitochondrial ROS production and apoptosis through a SIRT3‐dependent pathway in cardiomyoblasts. In addition, we report that chronic STA treatment improves cardiometabolic profile in a mouse model of cardiomyopathy linked to obesity. We provide evidence that PIKfyve inhibition reverses obesity‐induced cardiac mitochondrial damage and apoptosis by activating SIRT3. Furthermore, treatment of obese mice with STA improves left ventricular function and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy. In contrast, STA is not able to reduce isoproterenol‐induced cardiac hypertrophy in SIRT3.KO mice. Altogether, these results unravel a novel role for PIKfyve in obesity‐associated cardiomyopathy and provide a promising therapeutic strategy to combat cardiometabolic complications in obesity.
Estudo das características gráficas mais frequentemente alteradas em disfarces de assinaturas
Authors: Gorziza Roberta Petry
Published: April 2017

Assinaturas são os grafismos mais efetuados pelas pessoas, por demonstrar conhecimento e concordância a documentos diversos. O exame grafoscópico de assinaturas disfarçadas é uma das determinações mais difíceis de proceder na Documentoscopia. Os disfarces podem confundir os peritos e conduzir a erros quanto à autoria de assinaturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as características mais frequentes encontradas em análises grafoscópicas de assinaturas disfarçadas. Foi solicitado a 102 voluntários que assinassem sua assinatura habitual por cinco vezes e, então, que tentassem disfarçar sua assinatura. Posteriormente, realizou-se o confronto gráfico entre as assinaturas padrão e as disfarçadas, e as alterações encontradas foram anotadas, sendo que as mais frequentes foram: modificações da forma de letras maiúsculas e minúsculas, de dimensão e calibre, na forma e na posição de ataques e remates, na quantidade de levantamentos da caneta durante a escrita (andamento gráfico) e a alteração ou supressão de símbolos ou caracteres especiais. Esses dados podem ajudar os peritos a identificar características gráficas indicativas de disfarces, quando da verificação de autenticidade. Por outro lado, observou-se que características alteradas com menor frequência surgem em assinaturas disfarçadas e podem levar a uma conclusão errônea no sentido da falsificação do lançamento gráfico.