bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ślub kościelny. Dlaczego nie? Pedagogiczno-psychologiczne aspekty pracy nad sobą w czasie przygotowania do małżeństwa i w małżeństwie
Authors: Błasiak Anna , Dybowska Ewa
Published: March 2016

Mimo wielu sprzecznych faktów młodzi ludzie dzisiaj nadal uważają rodzinę za jedną z najważniejszych wartości, przynajmniej na poziomie deklaracji. Trening natychmiastowości, który oferuje człowiekowi doba ponowoczesności, nie sprzyja przygotowaniu do sakramentu małżeństwa. Sprawia to, że młodzi ludzie uciekają od ślubu. W przygotowaniu do ślubu jako drogi życiowego powołania istotną rolę odgrywa praca nad sobą, która prowadzi do coraz bardziej dojrzałej osobowości. We współczesnym świecie trzeba na nowo docenić okres narzeczeństwa, nadać mu pierwotny sens jako koniecznemu etapowi rozwojowemu. Ma on prowadzić do poznania fenomenu miłości odkrywanego najpełniej w relacji małżeńskiej. Dlatego pytanie o ślub kościelny pozostaje aktualne.
Poczucie winy. Perspektywa psychiatry i psychoterapeuty
Authors: De Barbaro Bogdan
Published: March 2016

Autor przedstawia swoje refleksje dotyczące kwestii winy w kontekście nauk psychiatrycznych i psychoterapeutycznych. Zdaniem autora, w praktyce duszpasterskiej oraz w psychoterapii od wielu lat istnieje silna tendencja do psychiatrycznego lub teologicznego redukcjonizmu, jak również rywalizacji pomiędzy duszpasterzami, psychiatrami i psychoterapeutami . Na przełomie XIX i XX wieku istniała tendencja do wzajemnego uznawania ich kompetencji i chęci do współpracy. Możliwość opisywania problemów pacjenta/penitenta z psychologicznego punktu widzenia z jednej strony, a z punktu widzenia etycznego z drugiej strony pozwala nam uniknąć konfliktu kompetencji na rzecz osób poszukujących pomocy psychiatrycznej - psychoterapii lub wsparcia duchowego.
Problematyka społeczno-etyczna w konfesjonale
Authors: Gryz Krzysztof
Published: March 2016

W artykule zwrócono uwagę na znaczenia tzw. grzechów społecznych we współczesnej świadomości wiernych oraz ich poczucie odpowiedzialności za grzechy osobiste, które mają poważne konsekwencje społeczne - szczególnie tych powstających z obecnych przemian sfery społeczno-ekonomicznych i kulturowych w obecnych czasach.
The Word in the Sacrament of Confession
Authors: Chapel Joseph
Published: March 2016

The work of the Austrian dialogical thinker, Ferdinand Ebner, had both a direct and an indirect influence on the development of the Sacrament of Penance after Vatican Council II. Ebner's notion that humans are given the "word" by God, who is the "Eternal Thou," informed Vatican II's deepening theology of the word. Sin is understood as a rejection of dialogue, a closing of oneself to the Thou, for which authentic sacramental Confession offers the remedy, in and through the miracle of God's gift of speaking to humans. Ebner's influence on Vatican II is direct, especially in the elaboration of the "Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation," Dei Verbum, while his influence on the New Rite of Penance is indirect - reflected in a deeper theology of the word that had already been "absorbed" by the Council. There are implications for further study of Ebner's thought as a prism through which to apply other language philosophies to better understand the Sacrament of Confession.
Effect of toe extension on EMG of triceps surae muscles during isometric dorsiflexion
Authors: Siddiqi Ariba , Arjunan Sridhar P. , Kumar Dinesh
Published: March 2016

The protocol for estimating force of contraction by triceps surae (TS) muscles requires the immobilization of the ankle during dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. However, large variability in the results has been observed. To identify the cause of this variability, experiments were conducted where ankle dorsiflexion force and electromyogram (EMG) of the TS were recorded under two conditions: (i) toes were strapped and (ii) toes were unstrapped, with all other conditions such as immobilization of the ankle remaining unchanged. The root mean square (RMS) of the EMG and the force were analyzed and one-tail Student’s t-test was performed for significance between the two conditions. The RMS of the EMG from TS muscles was found to be significantly higher (~55%) during dorsiflexion with toes unstrapped compared with when the toes were strapped. The torque corresponding to dorsiflexion was also higher with toes unstrapped. Our study has shown that it is important to strap the toes when measuring the torque at the ankle and EMG of the TS muscles.
Chinese Education in the United States: Players and Challenges
Authors: Xiao Yun
Published: March 2016

Since the turn of the twenty-first century, China has emerged as the second largest economy in the world. In the U.S., Chinese speakers became the second largest non-English-speaking population, and Chinese education obtained unprecedented opportunities in both the K-12 school system and higher education. Various players have contributed to this development, with the major ones being (1) the U.S.-government funded National Security Language Initiatives (NSLI), (2) the long existing Chinese community heritage language schools, and (3) China’s Confucius Institute (CI) program. The NSLI has created a number of meaningful projects such as the Foreign Language Assistance Program, the Teacher Exchange and Summer Language Institutes Youth Exchanges, the Flagship Program, and STARTALK, in which the Chinese language is the focus. The Chinese community heritage language schools have a history of over 150 years in the U.S. and are enrolling 200,000 Chinese students (estimated), more than the U.S. K-12 schools and higher education combined. China’s CI program has established 97 CIs and 357 Confucius classrooms in the U.S., which have reached millions of American people and students. However, the present data show that there lacks a coherent language policy in the U.S. education system. Although the above players have joined forces and made great contributions to the development of U.S. Chinese education, each of them is facing significant challenges. On the one hand, NSLI and Chinese community heritage language schools are both on the sidelines of the American public school system. On the other, with CI’s fast expansion, concerns and criticisms grow regarding its role in the context of U.S. higher education. Some of the concerns have been translated into negative actions and policies.
北美书面汉语语法特点探析 ——— 基于互联网中文文本的考察
Authors: 卫东 詹 , 红印 陶
Published: March 2016

过去有关海外不同地区汉语变体的研究主要集中在离中国大陆比较近的港台、东南亚等地,本文作为国家社科基金立项 “全球华语语法研究” 重大课题的一个构成部分，把研究范围扩大到北美汉语的语法特点。我们首先建立了一个大规模的北美汉语书面语语料库，同时在参考以往有关海外华语语法特点研究文献的基础上，拟定了一批语法调查项目，并在语料中逐项做了采样调查。同时也讨论了英语对中文表达的影响。最后，基于本文的研究发现，我们对全球华语语法的整体研究提出了一些初步的看法，包括考察区域变体的语法特点时的方法论问题以及华语社区语法变异的趋同现象及其原因，希望对今后的研究起到一些帮助作用。
香港中文判決書的語言使用與語言規範
Authors: 培光 王 , 金智 蘇
Published: March 2016

本文在對香港中文判決書語料的研究中，發現其語言使用存在着三個重要問題：表達不清；術語不統一；語言使用與標準漢語有一定差別。作者在中文判決書和英文判決書比較分析的基礎上進一步發現英語在句法層面上對中文判決書語言使用方面的影響主要有：（一）套用英語的搭配方式；（二）套用英語的介詞結構；（三）套用英語的句式。本文重點在討論語言規範。文章最後對如何促進香港中文判決書的語言規範工作提出了建議。
关于词汇学术语 “社区词” 的命名
Authors: 小琳 田
Published: March 2016

社区词是某个社区使用的反映该社区政治、经济、文化的特有词语。要理解社区词命名的根基，首先应了解其在现代汉语词汇系统中的定位，社区词与文言词、方言词、外来词共同丰富了现代汉语的一般词汇。其次，要理解社区词，还要对其与方言词和社会方言的区别有明确的认识，社区词用通用语素构词，而且使用于整个社区而非某一社会阶层或职业群体，是它们之间的不同之处。与特有词语、区域词语和文化词语这些名称相比，社区词这一名称最能反映这些词语的特点，是最佳名称。
The Introduction of “Safety Science” into an Undergraduate Nursing Programme at a Large University in the United Kingdom
Authors: White Nick , Clark Deborah , Lewis Robin , Robson Wayne
Published: March 2016

Implementing safety science {a term adopted by the authors which incorporates both patient safety and human factors (Sherwood, G. (2011). Integrating quality and safety science in nursing education and practice. Journal of Research in Nursing, 16(3), 226–240. doi: 10.1177/1744987111400960)} into healthcare programmes is a major challenge facing healthcare educators worldwide (National Advisory Group on the Safety of Patients in England, 2013; World Health Organisation, 2009). Patient safety concerns relating to human factors have been well-documented over the years, and the root cause(s) of as many as 65–80 % of these events are linked to human error (Dunn et al., 2007; Reason, 2005). This paper will describe how safety science education was embedded into a pre-registration nursing programme at a large UK university. The authors argue that the processes described in this paper, may be successfully applied to other pre-registration healthcare programmes in addition to nursing.
Medical Brain Drain: Free-Riding, Exploitation, and Global Justice
Authors: Reglitz Merten
Published: March 2016

In her debate with Michael Blake, Gillian Brock sets out to justify emigration restrictions on medical workers from poor states on the basis of their free-riding on the public investment that their states have made in them in form of a publicly funded education. For this purpose, Brock aims to isolate the question of emigration restrictions from the larger question of responsibilities for remedying global inequalities. I argue that this approach is misguided because it is blind to decisive factors at play in the problem of medical brain drain and consequently distorts the different responsibilities this problem generates. Brock’s strategy, if successful, would effectively lead to punishing emigrating workers from poor states for the free-riding and exploitation that is committed by affluent states – which is a counter-intuitive result.
The crystal structure of 1-(4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl)ethanone
Authors: Li Meng , Bai XueFeng , Hou YanJun
Published: March 2016

C10H11ClO2, triclinic, P1̅ (No. 2), a = 7.8485(8) Å, b = 8.0420(8) Å, c = 8.8701(9) Å, α = 107.4340(10)°, β = 106.307(10)°, γ = 101.9710(10)°, V = 485.97(8) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0513, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1405, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 2-(4-methylbenzoyl)pyrene, C24H16O
Authors: Ran Zhang , Fang-Fang Han , Li-Fang Zhang
Published: March 2016

C24H16O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.642(3) Å, b = 10.787(2) Å, c = 11.551(2) Å, β = 110.73(3)°, V = 1589.8(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0506, wR
ref
(F2) = 0.1482, T = 293(2) K.
Investigation on cavitation bubble dynamics induced by clinically available Ho:YAG lasers
Authors: Stock Karl , Steigenhöfer Daniel , Pongratz Thomas , Graser Rainer , Sroka Ronald
Published: March 2016

Background and objective: Endoscopic laser lithotripsy is the preferred technique for minimally invasive destruction of ureteral and kidney stones, and is mostly performed by pulsed holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser irradiation. The absorbed laser energy heats the water creating a vapor bubble which collapses after the laser pulse, thus producing a shock wave. Part of the laser energy strikes the stone through the vapor bubble and induces thermomechanical material removal. Aim of the present study was to visualize the behavior and the dynamics of the cavitation bubble using a specially developed ultra-short-time illumination system and then to determine important characteristics related to clinically used laser and application parameters for a more detailed investigation in the future.

Materials and methods: In accordance with Toepler’s Schlieren technique, in the ultra-short-time-illumination set-up the cavitation bubble which had been induced by Ho:YAG laser irradiation at the fiber end, was illuminated by two Q-switched lasers and the process was imaged in high contrast on a video camera. Cavitation bubbles were induced using different pulse energies (500 mJ/pulse and 2000 mJ/pulse) and fiber core diameters (230 μm and 600 μm) and the bubble dynamics were recorded at different times relative to the Ho:YAG laser pulse. The time-dependent development of the bubble formation was determined from the recordings by measuring the bubble diameter in horizontal and vertical directions, together with the volume and localization of the center of the bubble collapse.

Results: The results show that the bubble dynamics can be visualized and studied with both high contrast and high temporal resolution. The bubble volume increases with pulse energy and with fiber diameter. The bubble shape is almost round when a larger fiber core diameter is used, and elliptical when using a fiber of smaller core diameter. Moreover, the center of the resulting bubble is slightly further away from the fiber end and the center of the bubble collapse for a smaller fiber core diameter.

Conclusion: The experimental set-up developed gives a better understanding of the bubble dynamics. The experiments indicate that the distance between fiber tip and target surface, as well as the laser parameters used have considerable impact on the cavitation bubble dynamics. Both the bubble dynamics and their influence on the stone fragmentation process require further investigation.
Effect of temperature regime and compression in OCT imaging of skin in vivo
Authors: Agrba Pavel D. , Kirillin Mikhail Yu.
Published: March 2016

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a modern technique for imaging of internal structures of biotissue of up to several millimeters in depth with a resolution of several micrometers. However, various external conditions can distort the diagnostic capabilities of an OCT image. Mechanical compression and temperature regime are the two conditions which mostly affect the diagnostic OCT images obtained with a contact probe. It is shown here that the application of compression to human skin induces a decrease in contrast of the stratum corneum-epidermis junction and an increase in contrast of the epidermis-dermis junction. With regard to these junctions, a preliminary change of biotissue temperature induces additional changes in the contrast, with opposing effects in case of heating and cooling.
Rethinking semiotics: Toward a theory of intentional sign
Authors: Jin Yiqiang , Cao Liqin
Published: March 2016

Sign involves a relation between two correlatives established essentially by an act of mental associating. An adequate theory of sign should regard sign as a process based on such an act. A theory of intentional sign thus formed may serve as an example of the approach to such a theory. Every intentional sign process involves five basic factors and multiple stages, whose variation results in various types of processes. Processes of the same sign-vehicle form an autonomous system covering most basic topics of semiotics. Process systems of different sign-vehicles are interconnected via relation between the sign-vehicles, forming a system of systems generally called “sign system.” This theory may be further expanded into a fuller framework.
Synthesis, single-crystal structure determination and Raman spectra of the tricyanomelaminates NaA
5[C6N9]2 · 4 H2O (A = Rb, Cs)
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , Schulz Armin , DiSalvo Francis J.
Published: March 2016

Transparent colorless crystals of NaA
5[C6N9]2 · 4 H2O (A = Rb, Cs) were obtained by blending aqueous solutions of Na3[C6N9] and RbF or CsF, respectively, and subsequent evaporation of the water under ambient conditions. Both compounds crystallize in the space group P21/m (no. 11) with the cell parameters a = 815.56(16), b = 1637.7(4) and c = 1036.4(3) pm, and β = 110.738(12)° for NaRb5[C6N9]2 · 4 H2O and a = 843.32(6), b = 1708.47(11) and c = 1052.42(7) pm, and β = 112.034(2)° for NaCs5[C6N9]2 · 4 H2O, respectively. Raman spectra of the title compounds complement our results.
Some rape/canola seed oils: fatty acid composition and tocopherols
Authors: Matthaus Bertrand , Özcan Mehmet Musa , Al Juhaimi Fahad
Published: March 2016

Seed samples of some rape and canola cultivars were analysed for oil content, fatty acid and tocopherol profiles. Gas liquid chromotography and high performance liquid chromotography were used for fatty acid and tocopherol analysis, respectively. The oil contents of rape and canola seeds varied between 30.6% and 48.3% of the dry weight (p<0.05). The oil contents of rapeseeds were found to be high compared with canola seed oils. The main fatty acids in the oils are oleic (56.80–64.92%), linoleic (17.11–20.92%) and palmitic (4.18–5.01%) acids. A few types of tocopherols were found in rape and canola oils in various amounts: α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, β-tocopherol and α-tocotrienol. The major tocopherol in the seed oils of rape and canola cultivars were α-tocopherol (13.22–40.01%) and γ-tocopherol (33.64–51.53%) accompanied by α-T3 (0.0–1.34%) and δ-tocopherol (0.25–1.86%) (p<0.05). As a result, the present study shows that oil, fatty acid and tocopherol contents differ significantly among the cultivars.
Improved Load Carrying Behavior of Perfobond Rib-Installed Partially Expanded Micropiles
Authors: Kim S.-H. , Choi J. , Lee J.-M. , Lee J. , Jung C.-Y.
Published: March 2016

This study proposed an advanced type of a micropile system. The proposed micropile system consists of perfobond ribs, installed on steel rod to improve shear resistance between the thread and the grout, and partially expanded drill holes to increase shear resistance between the grout and the ground. This study contained experimental evaluations on the proposed micropile system to verify the increase in the shear capacity of perfobond rib installed on the steel rod and the load-carrying capacity of shear key created by the partially expanded drill hole. Push-out tests were conducted on a rolled screw thread and perfobond rib-installed steel rods in order to compare their load-carrying capacities and load carrying behavior. It was confirmed that the proposed micropile system with perfobond-rib installed steel rods show much superior load carrying behavior in terms of initial stiffness, ultimate load, and ductile behavior. Through on-site pull-out tests, it was found that the load carrying capacity of the proposed micropile system increased significantly due to the effect of shear key created by partially expanded drill hole.
Evaluation of High Temperature on Microwave Reflectivity of Carbon-Fiber—Reinforced Cement-Based Composites
Authors: Wang Z. , Li K. , Wang C.
Published: March 2016

Carbon-fiber-reinforced cement-based composites are widely used as electromagnetic microwave shielding materials. However, high temperature on fire can affect not only their mechanical properties but also microwave-absorbing abilities. In this paper, the specimens of the composites with different carbon-fiber content were prepared. The mechanical properties were measured when the composites were cooled down to room temperature from 600°C naturally and by spraying water. The reflectivity of the composites with different cooling methods against microwave was evaluated through an arch reflectivity measurement system in 2.0–18.0 GHz frequency range at the temperature of 20°C, 300°C, and 600°C. The porosity, morphology, and the compositions were analyzed by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Results show that mechanical properties decrease and porosity increases dramatically at the temperature of 600°C. The reflectivity varies with the increase of porosity at low frequencies, but increases at high frequencies with reflecting waves when the temperature rises. At the same temperature, the increasing carbon-fiber content enhances the reflectivity with reflecting electromagnetic microwaves. After high temperature, the cooling exerts little effect over the microwave reflectivity of the composites.
Contribution of the Imaging System Components in the Overall Error of the Two-Dimensional Digital Image Correlation Technique
Authors: Hijazi A. , Kähler C. J.
Published: March 2016

Digital image correlation (DIC) is one of the most widely used non-invasive methods for measuring full-field surface strains in a wide variety of applications. The DIC method has been used by numerous researchers for measuring strains during the plastic range of deformation where the strains are relatively large. The estimation of the amount of background strain error in the measurements is of prime importance for determining the applicability of this method for measuring small strains (such as the elastic strains in metals, ceramics, bone samples, etc.). In this study, the strain errors in 2D-DIC measurements associated with different types of imaging systems were investigated. In-plane rigid-body-translation, experiments were used to estimate the overall amount of error in DIC displacement and strain measurements. Different types of cameras having different types of sensors and different spatial resolutions were used in the study. Also, for the same type of camera, different types of lenses were used. Results show that the DIC measurement accuracy depends on the magnitude of image displacement and that different error estimation parameters can be used for quantifying the accuracy of the measurements. Also, the effect of the lens on measurement accuracy is more pronounced than that of the camera. Furthermore, imaging conditions such as image sharpness and camera gain also affect the accuracy. Further still, the measurement accuracy was found to be influenced by the direction of translation. The results indicate that measurement error can be reduced by orienting the camera such that the major displacement direction is parallel to the width direction of the image. The experimental approach used in this study can be used for quantitatively assessing the quality of the different types of cameras and lenses and to determine their suitability for use in experimental techniques that depend on image analysis such as DIC and particle image velocimetry (PIV).
Effects of Hollow Fly-Ash Particles on the Properties of Magnesium Matrix Syntactic Foams: A Review
Authors: Manakari V. , Parande G. , Gupta M.
Published: March 2016

In the past decade, magnesium has been seen as one of the most potential metals for weight-critical engineering applications. As magnesium is the lightest structural metal, it has higher weight-saving capabilities when compared to aluminum. Significant research efforts have been carried out on magnesium matrix alloys and composites to tailor and enhance mechanical properties based on end applications. This paper provides a review on fly-ash-reinforced magnesium matrix syntactic foams. Fly-ash cenospheres are made up of mainly alumina and silica and also contains large number of trace elements, which makes it intriguing to analyze the microstructure and interfacial responses of the end composites. In comparison with aluminum matrix syntactic foams, the research on magnesium matrix syntactic foams is still at an incipient stage. This paper provides an insight on processing techniques, microstructural and mechanical evaluations of pure Mg, AZ, and ZC alloy series, and their syntactic foams. This paper also reviews the weight-saving ability of magnesium matrix syntactic foams and their potential scope and applications.
From Hard Money to Branch Banking
Authors: Schweikart Larry , Doti Lynne Pierson
Published: March 2016

In Gold Rush–era California, banking and the financial sector evolved in often distinctive ways because of the Gold Rush economy. More importantly, the abundance of gold on the West Coast provided an interesting test case for some of the critical economic arguments of the day, especially for those deriving from the descending—but still powerful—positions of the “hard money” Jacksonians.
The Fair that Never Was
Authors: Shanken Andrew M.
Published: March 2016

The unbuilt proposals for the 1939 San Francisco World's Fair offer a cross section of designs put before the public in a formative moment just before modernism came to dominate architectural discourse and production. Projects by luminaries Bernard Maybeck and Richard Neutra joined projects by Joseph Strauss and Henry Killam Murphy. Here were architectural hopefuls at the nadir of the Great Depression attempting to draw their way into the commission of a lifetime. Thus, a Beaux-Arts bohemian competed with a sincere modernist, a self-promoting engineer, and America's leading practitioner in China. At the same time, the proposals were part of the larger economic and political landscape of San Francisco, as neighborhood associations and politicians used them to attract the fair to their part of the city. More than pie in the sky, these designs show in amplified form the way architecture is embedded in public discourse as a form of persuasion, a kind of politics by other means through which elites and other stakeholders argued for their preferred reality. As tools of intra-urban boosterism, these plans reveal the competing interests within San Francisco at a pivotal moment in its development, when its future lay in the formation of a regional metropolis that could compete with Los Angeles for commerce on the West Coast and beyond.
La lectura posmoderna de Carlos Fuentes en Los hijos del conquistador sobre Suárez de Peralta
Authors: Prieto Covadonga Lamar
Published: March 2016

Carlos Fuentes da voz, en Los hijos del conquistador, a los dos hijos de nombre Martín de Hernán Cortés. Buena parte de su relato es un intertexto del Tratado del descubrimiento de las Indias y su conquista de Suárez de Peralta, autor criollo novohispano del siglo xvi. Aquí se examinan las variantes que introduce Fuentes al texto de Suárez de Peralta, así como las técnicas literarias posmodernas que emplea para establecer entre su texto y el otro una relación hipertexto-hipotexto en sentido genettiano.

In Los hijos del conquistador, Carlos Fuentes gives voice to two sons, both named Martín de Hernán Cortés. A large part of the narrative is an intertext with Tratado del descubrimiento de las Indias y su conquista by Suárez de Peralta, a sixteenth-century New Spain-Criollo author. In this essay, I examine the variants introduced by Fuentes to Suárez de Peralta’s text, such as the postmodern literary techniques that Fuentes engages to establish a relationship of hypertext-hipotext, in the Genettian sense, between the two texts.
Revolutionary Paths
Authors: Bess Michael Kirkland
Published: March 2016

Through an examination of the political and legal debates over the role of road building in Mexico between 1920 and 1938, this essay shows how these debates became a symbol of nationalist “progress” after the military phase of Revolution. During this time, the Mexican state confronted foreign commercial interests as federal, state, and local officials launched construction efforts for new motorways. Legal and bureaucratic reforms emphasized national sovereignty over Mexico’s transportation infrastructure, challenging private ownership of roads and limiting foreign investment in the highway system. Road building represented an important moment of historical continuity between the liberal regime under Porfirio Díaz and the revolutionary states that followed. This article contributes to the scholarly literature on state formation in Mexico, concentrating on how government officials, the courts, and everyday citizens shaped the country’s politics of economic development and regional mobility.

A través del examen de los debates políticos y legales en torno a la construcción de carreteras en México entre 1920 y 1938, este ensayo muestra cómo dichos debates se convirtieron en un símbolo de “progreso” nacionalista tras la fase militar de la Revolución. Durante este tiempo, el Estado mexicano se enfrentó a los intereses comerciales extranjeros al tiempo que los funcionarios federales, estatales y locales emprendieron esfuerzos para la construcción de nuevas autopistas. Las reformas legales y burocráticas hacían énfasis en la soberanía nacional sobre la infraestructura de los transportes en México, desafiando así la propiedad privada de las carreteras y limitando la inversión extranjera en el sistema de autopistas. La construcción de carreteras representó un importante momento de continuidad histórica entre el régimen liberal de Porfirio Díaz y los Estados revolucionarios que le siguieron. Este artículo contribuye a la literatura especializada sobre la formación del Estado en México, concentrándose en la forma en que los funcionarios del gobierno, las cortes y los ciudadanos de a pie conformaron la política de desarrollo económico y movilidad regional del país.
High Prevalence and Resistance Patterns of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in the Pomoravlje Region, Serbia
Authors: Lepsanovic Zorica , Jeremic Ljiljana Petrovic , Lazic Srdjan , Cirkovic Ivana
Published: March 2016

With a view to estimating the prevalence and resistance patterns of CA-MRSA in one region of Serbia, we performed an analysis of MRSA isolates from healthy people and hospitalised patients. The detection of CA-MRSA was carried out by SCCmec typing. In MRSA isolates from hospitalised patients SCCmec types IV and V were found in 76% of the strains. Similar percentage (80%) of CA-MRSA genotypes was present in healthy people. SCCmec type V harbouring MRSA was the most successful clone. Higher prevalence of type V in hospitalised patients to that in healthy people (70% vs 54%) may indicate nosocomial transmissions in at least some hospital units. All MRSA strains from hospitalised patients were resistant to one or more non-β-lactam antibiotics while 52% were multi-resistant. In isolates from healthy people, 16% were sensitive to all non-β-lactam antibiotics and 40% were multi-resistant. Similar percentage of multi-resistant CA- and HA-genotypes occurred in a particular environment (53% vs 50% in hospitalised patients, and 37.5% vs 37.5% in healthy people) indicating selective pressure of antibiotics as a leading force conferring antibiotic resistance. High prevalence of CA-MRSA and high resistance rate both in hospitals and the community suggest that this pathogen has been present in the Pomoravlje Region, central Serbia for years.
Association of IFN-γ and P2X7 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Susceptibility to Tuberculosis Among Iranian Patients
Authors: Shamsi Mahdi , Zolfaghari Mohammad Reza , Farnia Parissa
Published: March 2016

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and P2X7 receptor are crucial for host defence against mycobacterial infections. Recent studies have indicated that IFN-γ, IFN-γ receptor 1 (IFN-γR1) andP2X7 gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). However, the relationship between IFN-γ and P2X7 polymorphism and TB susceptibility remains inconclusive in Iranian population. For this reason, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IFN-γ (G+2109A), IFN-γR1 (G-611A) and P2X7 genes (at –762, 1513 position) in patients (n = 100) were assessed using PCR-RFLP. Data were analysed with SPSS version 18. For the 2109 loci of IFN-γ gene, the frequency of mutant alleles between patients and controls were not statistically significant. However, there was a significant difference between the TB patient and controls for –611 alleles of IFN-γR1 (P = 0.01). Additionally, the frequency of P2X7 gene polymorphisms (SNP-762 and 1513) between patients and controls was statistically significant. In conclusions, our study revealed a significant association of IFN-γR1 and P2X7 genes polymorphisms with risk of developing TB in Iranian population.
New measurements of thousand-seed weights of species in the Pannonian flora
Authors: Török P. , Tóth E. , Tóth K. , Valkó O. , Deák B. , Kelbert B. , Bálint P. , Radócz Sz. , Kelemen A. , Sonkoly J. , Miglécz T. , Matus G. , Takács A. , Molnár V. A. , Süveges K. , Papp L. , Papp Jr. L. , Tóth Z. , Baktay B. , Málnási Csizmadia G. , Oláh I. , Peti E. , Schellenberger J. , Szalkovszki O. , Kiss R. , TÓthmérész B.
Published: March 2016

For understanding local and regional seed dispersal and plant establishment processes and for considering the ecotypes and other forms of specific variability, hard data of locally or regionally measured traits are necessary. We provided newly measured seed weight data of 193 taxa, out of which 24 taxa had not been represented in the SID, LEDA or BiolFlor databases. Our new measurements and formerly published data of locally collected seed weight records together covers over 70% of the Pannonian flora. However, there is still a considerable lack in seed weight data of taxonomically problematic genera, even though they are represented in the Pannonian flora with a relatively high number of species and/or subspecies (e.g. Sorbus, Rosa, Rubus, Crataegus and Hieracium). Our regional database contains very sporadic data on aquatic plants (including also numerous invasive species reported from Hungary and neighbouring countries) and some rare weeds distributed in the southwestern part of the country. These facts indicate the necessity of further seed collection and measurements.
Fungal diversity in floral and honeydew honeys
Authors: Magyar D. , Mura-Mészáros A. , Grillenzoni F.
Published: March 2016

Studying fungal diversity in various environmental samples provides us with valuable knowledge about the occurrence of fungi of medical and ecological importance. Moreover, fungal composition may also characterise well the botanical and geographical source of food products, such as the origin of the spore enriched honeydew honeys. Thereby, we identified a wide spectrum of fungi found in 100 of honey samples from various geographical sources – most of them were from Italy, Greece and Hungary. Our honeydew honeys had a higher mean of the number of spore types found in them than floral honeys had. Statistically significant differences in diversity were found regarding the botanical source (p = 1.29 × 10–9) and the climatic classification (p = 2.28 × 10–2) according to Kruskal– Wallis rank sum tests. Most frequently encountered genera included ubiquitous saprotrophic species (Alternaria, Cladosporium, Epicoccum nigrum, Stemphylium), both in floral and honeydew honeys. On the other hand, certain sooty moulds like Aureobasidium pullulans, Tripospermum and Capnobotrys were rather present in different types of honeydew honeys. Metschnikowia reukaufii, the nectar inhabiting yeast reached considerably high quantities in floral honey samples. Present findings encourage further studies on quantifying the occurrence and the indicator value of specific fungal elements in honey, concerning its origin.
An uncommon cause of abdominal pain: Mesenteric cyst
Authors: Ünlüer Erden Erol , Ünlüer Seran , Şahin Yusuf , Kamer Kemal Erdinç , Karagöz Arif , Tan Gözde Canan
Published: March 2016

Mesenteric cysts are benign cystic lesions. Here, we present the case of a patient with abdominal pain, which was diagnosed as mesenteric cyst.

A 28-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department (ED) with abdominal pain and distention. Abdominal palpation revealed a smooth-surfaced mass palpable in the left upper quadrant. Ultrasonography depicted a hypoechoic heterogeneous mass-like structure with a size of 15 × 12 cm. Computerized tomography (CT) showed a well-defined cystic structure with a size of 12 × 12.5 cm near to the duodenum and pancreas. The patient was admitted, and the cystic structure was drained with a percutaneous drainage catheter; then, sclerotherapy was performed using ethyl alcohol with the aid of ultrasonography. The material was sent to the pathology lab and revealed negative results for malignant cell and mucin. The patient underwent a control CT with contrast, which revealed the catheter at the site of the operation and no cystic lesion after procedure. He was discharged 1 week after the procedure.

Mesenteric cysts are extremely rare benign lesions of the abdomen, and emergency physicians must consider this disease in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain. The percutaneous drainage technique performed on our patient is a safe technique for the treatment of selected patients.
An unusual radiological presentation of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon
Authors: Swann Joanna , Kaczynski Jakub
Published: March 2016

We report a case of an elderly patient presenting with the left iliac fossa mass. The provisional diagnosis included an inflammatory diverticular mass or sigmoid colon cancer. Interestingly, computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated the left incarcerated Spigelian hernia containing an inflamed loop of the colon with signs of an early strangulation. However, at operation, a mucinous tumor was found involving the descending and upper sigmoid colon. The tumor eroded through the anterior abdominal wall, which was excised “en bloc.” In the presented case, CT findings suggestive of a benign etiology were misleading. This potentially could have had significant consequences if the patient was treated conservatively.

This case highlights that clinical history and examination remain the core components of a safe surgical practice. Clinical judgment cannot be substituted even by the best quality imaging.

Therefore, we feel that it is important to share our experience of the successful management of the presented case.
Influence of Toxoplasma gondii infection on symptoms and signs of menopause
Authors: Alvarado-Esquivel Cosme , Sánchez-Anguiano Luis Francisco , Hernández-Tinoco Jesús , Calzada-Torres Edwin Adiel , Estrada-Martínez Sergio , Pérez-Álamos Alma Rosa , Vaquera-Enriquez Raquel , Díaz-Herrera Arturo , Segura-Moreno Raúl , Guerrero-Carbajal María de Lourdes , Rentería-López María Guadalupe , Beristain García Isabel , Rábago-Sánchez Elizabeth , Liesenfeld Oliver
Published: March 2016

Some symptoms of menopause have also been described in patients with toxoplasmosis. Whether Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection has any influence on clinical manifestations of menopause is yet unknown. We sought to determine whether T. gondii exposure is associated with symptoms and signs of menopause. We performed a cross-sectional study of women attending a public health center in Durango City, Mexico. Participants were examined for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassays. A questionnaire including 47 symptoms and signs potentially associated with menopause was applied. Association of seroprevalence for T. gondii with clinical characteristics of women was assessed by bivariate and multivariate analyses. Bivariate analysis showed that bouts of rapid heartbeat, breast pain, electric shock sensation, dizziness, digestive problems, low back pain, and migraine were associated with seropositivity to either IgG anti-T. gondii alone or both IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii. Breast pain was the only variable that was found to be associated with IgG seropositivity to T. gondii by multivariate analysis: (OR = 2.84; 95% CI: 1.35–5.90; P = 0.005). Our results suggest that T. gondii exposure may influence on the clinical manifestations of menopause. Results deserve further research.
Stiffness and shear strength of unsaturated soils in relation to soil-water characteristic curve
Authors: Han Z. , Vanapalli S. K.
Published: March 2016

This paper introduces a methodology to predict the non-linear stiffness–suction and shear strength–suction relationships for unsaturated soils within the lower suction range from the non-linearity of the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC), using a normalised function formulated with ‘suction times exponential degree of saturation’. The information required in this methodology includes (a) measurements of the shear strength or stiffness properties at saturation condition and one unsaturated condition and (b) the SWCC. Published experimental data on the stiffness and shear strength properties and the SWCC obtained from 25 different soils varying from coarse-grained sands to expansive clays are used to validate the proposed normalised function and to calibrate the exponent value. It is found that the normalised function, using exponent values of 1·0 and 2·0, respectively, for cohesionless and cohesive soils, provides reasonable predictions of the stiffness–suction and shear strength–suction relationships for all the soils used in this study, taking account of various influencing factors including external stress, soil structure, anisotropy, hydraulic hysteresis and testing technique.
Loss of Kynurenine 3-Mono-oxygenase Causes Proteinuria
Authors: Korstanje Ron , Deutsch Konstantin , Bolanos-Palmieri Patricia , Hanke Nils , Schroder Patricia , Staggs Lynne , Bräsen Jan H. , Roberts Ian S.D. , Sheehan Susan , Savage Holly , Haller Hermann , Schiffer Mario
Published: March 2016

Changes in metabolite levels of the kynurenine pathway have been observed in patients with CKD, suggesting involvement of this pathway in disease pathogenesis. Our recent genetic analysis in the mouse identified the kynurenine 3-mono-oxygenase (KMO) gene (Kmo) as a candidate gene associated with albuminuria. This study investigated this association in more detail. We compared KMO abundance in the glomeruli of mice and humans under normal and diabetic conditions, observing a decrease in glomerular KMO expression with diabetes. Knockdown of kmo expression in zebrafish and genetic deletion of Kmo in mice each led to a proteinuria phenotype. We observed pronounced podocyte foot process effacement on long stretches of the filtration barrier in the zebrafish knockdown model and mild podocyte foot process effacement in the mouse model, whereas all other structures within the kidney remained unremarkable. These data establish the candidacy of KMO as a causal factor for changes in the kidney leading to proteinuria and indicate a functional role for KMO and metabolites of the tryptophan pathway in podocytes.
Corporate Equities by Issuer in the Financial Accounts of the United States
Authors: Ogden Richard E. , Thomas Damian R. , Warusawitharana Missaka
Published: March 2016

This FEDS Note shows how we report the value of corporate equities outstanding in the Financial Accounts and describes how we estimate each of its components.
Turismo: ¿fenómeno postindustrial o mera necesidad básica?
Authors: Muñoz de Escalona Francisco
Published: March 2016

El editor plantea en su invitación una cuestión ardua, la de si el turismo es un fenómeno post-industrial o una necesidad humana básica. Este artículo se propone dar una respuesta razonada a dicha cuestión. En perspectiva, el turismo, por su especial polisemia, puede ser visto, en efecto, como fenómeno social y como necesidad básica, pero sin descarta que sea visto, también, como valioso instrumento para conseguir la paz mundial, como medida eficaz contra el subdesarrollo e incluso como medio para incrementar la propensión al consumo o como medio para recuperar la fuerza laboral gastada en el proceso productivo. También suele ser visto como la primera industria mundial y, a la vez, como la industria que está del lado del hombre. No menos cierto es que esta ambigüedad para definir al turismo obliga a repensar el rol mercantilista de la academia. Al margen del debate, lo que sí podemos adelantar desde ya es que el turismo como fenómeno social es coetáneo de la industrialización, lo que equivale a decir que ni es un fenómeno post-industrial como algunos dicen ni una institución milenaria como otros sostienen.
Una aproximación a las relaciones entre el turismo mochilero y la cultura corporativa global
Authors: Martín-Cabello Antonio , García-Manso Almudena
Published: March 2016

Este artículo trata de explorar las relaciones que existen entre una de las subculturas juveniles globales más extendidas: los mochileros, y la cultura de las grandes corporaciones globales encarnada en el colectivo de los trabajadores expatriados. Para ello, en primer lugar, se revisarán los estudios sobre los mochileros para describir su perfil sociodemográfico más habitual y las características de su cultura. Posteriormente, se recogerán los estudios que analizan las competencias que adquieren los mochileros durante sus viajes. En tercer lugar, se describirán las características de la cultura de los expatriados corporativos. Finalmente, se discutirá la relación entre el viaje mochilero, la adquisición de competencias y la inclusión en el mundo de los expatriados corporativos. Se pretende, en definitiva, construir un discurso crítico en el cual las subculturas de los mochileros y de los expatriados corporativos son vistas como variaciones de una cultura capitalista transnacional.
El debate sobre la autenticidad en la antropología del turismo
Authors: Fuller Norm
Published: March 2016

Existe un debate intenso dentro de la antropología del turismo sobre las consecuencias de que las expresiones culturales se conviertan en artículos de consumo. En un primer momento los antropólogos denunciaron los efectos negativos de su comercialización y espectacularización. Sin embargo, en la actualidad muchos de ellos han tomado distancia frente a estas posiciones argumentando que no es posible determinar cuáles expresiones culturales son auténticas ni quién está autorizado para decidirlo. Dentro de esta línea propongo que la autenticidad no sería una cualidad inherente a un rasgo o fenómeno cultural. Sería un proceso social, una lucha en la cual intereses en conflicto tratan de imponer su versión de la historia y apropiarse del derecho de representarla. Para ilustrarlo analizo tres casos de disputas por la autenticidad que surgieron en el Perú: Los Raymis. La fiesta del Carmen en Paucartambo, Cusco, y el ritual de la Ayahuasca.
Normalizando los negocios: Transformando las favelas de Brasil en ambientes de híper-realidad digital
Authors: Tzanelli Rodanth
Published: March 2016

Las favelas o ciudades excluidas se han establecido como un aspecto importante de la geografía urbana ya sea por su patrimonio cultural como por la estética. Por décadas, el marketing se ha encargado de transformarlas en espacios de atracción para miles de turistas. No obstante, en los últimos años la tecnología digital y el turismo en espacios de emergencia han creado un nuevo paradigma de representación que cambia la forma de comprender la ética en la sociedad. Este trabajo considera en perspectiva el caso de dos mega-eventos, la Copa del Mundo en Brasil 2014 y los Juegos Olímpicos en 2016. ¿Cuáles son los desafíos de los grupos más pobres y vulnerables que habitan en las favelas cuando deben negociar con el mercado?, ¿es la tecnología digital diferente de la experiencia real?, ¿ayuda este nuevo contexto de consumo a los más pobres o los hunde más en su condición?
El turismo: Doncella del Imperialismo
Authors: Skoll Geoffrey
Published: March 2016

Sin resumen. Epilogo 1º del Monográfico.
El desarrollo del movimiento femenino palestino desde los inicios del siglo XX hasta la actualidad
Authors: Ahmed Duha
Published: March 2016

El objetivo de este estudio es poner de relieve el importante papel que han desempeñado las mujeres palestinas en la vida social y política de su país desde comienzos del siglo XX (incluso, también, a finales del XIX) hasta la actualidad. El Movimiento Femenino Palestino fue, y sigue siendo, pieza fundamental y piedra angular en las constantes luchas y en la resistencia contra la ocupación israelí. Al mismo tiempo, intenta siempre mejorar la situación de la mujer palestina de múltiples maneras, empezando por cambiar leyes existentes e imponer otras nuevas menos discriminatorias. En este trabajo se describen los factores que fomentaron la participación socio-política de la mujer, así como los obstáculos que la impidieron y siguen haciéndolo.
Reflexiones en torno a las mujeres argelinas. Desde la colonización francesa (1830) hasta el siglo XXI
Authors: Fernández Rojas Concepción
Published: March 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar una visión general de la evolución de la situación socio-política de las mujeres argelinas y de sus derechos, en un recorrido histórico en el que se han producido, en ocasiones, avances y retrocesos, en otras. La evolución positiva durante casi dos siglos ha sido mínima, a pesar de que sus constantes luchas y sufrimientos les han supuesto un esfuerzo y un sacrificio inmensos.
Cerámica ibérica decorada en el museo del colegio San Antonio de Padua de Martos: un recurso didáctico
Authors: Bonilla Martos Antonio Luis , Giménez Sánchez Cristina
Published: March 2016

La cerámica es un elemento que perdura a lo largo del tiempo dada su escasa maleabilidad, por lo que su estudio nos puede aportar una importante información para conocer nuestro pasado. Sus características técnicas, forma, material, decoración, nos pueden ayudar a comprender el tipo de alimentación, los usos cotidianos, le economía, etc., de los pueblos ibéricos peninsulares. Para conocer mejor la sociedad tuccitana e ibérica, vamos a centrarnos en el estudio e incorporación al currículo escolar de los motivos decorativos que aparecen en los cuencos cerámicos, especialmente los expuestos en las vitrinas del Museo Arqueológico del Colegio San Antonio de Padua de Martos.