bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in people with psychiatric disorders: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Lindekilde Nanna , Scheuer Stine , Rutters Femke , Henriksen Jan Erik , Rubin Katrine Hass , Lasgaard Mathias , Andersen Gregers Stig , Pouwer Frans
Published: February 2020

Background: Many epidemiological studies have investigated the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in individuals with a psychiatric disorder. In an umbrella review, we aim to systematically summarize existing systematic reviews examining the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in people with a psychiatric disorder. When information is available in the identified systematic reviews, comparisons with control groups without a psychiatric disorder will be made. Furthermore, we aim to assess the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews. Methods: The umbrella review will be based on a comprehensive systematic search of systematic reviews of observational (cross-sectional or longitudinal) studies investigating the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in people with a psychiatric disorder. Four electronic databases (Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) will be searched. Retrieved papers will be screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers. Furthermore, the reference lists of all included publications will be screened. Data will be extracted by using an a priori developed data extraction form and two independent reviewers will assess the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews. A narrative data-synthesis will be made. The AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) checklist will be used to assess the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews. Discussion: For each psychiatric disorder, the data regarding the prevalence of type 2 diabetes will be summarized and discussed. When possible, comparisons with control groups will be reported and discussed. Finally, future implications and recommendations for clinical care will be presented. Systematic review registration: (registration number) Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Psychiatric disorder, Prevalence, Umbrella review, Systematic review
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Silver Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Nanoflakes with effective Photocatalytic Activity for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Raza A. , Imran M. , Ul-Hamid A. , Ali S.
Published: February 2020

Graphene oxide (GO) was obtained through modified hummers method and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was acquired by employing heat treatment. Various concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt.%) of silver (Ag) were incorporated in GO nanosheets by adopting hydrothermal approach. Synthesized Ag decorated rGO photocatalyst Ag/rGO was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine phase purity and crystal structure. XRD patterns showed the formation of GO to Ag/rGO. Molecular vibration and functional groups were determined through Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Optical properties and a decrease in bandgap with insertion of Ag were confirmed with UV-visible (Uv-vis.) spectrophotometer and Photoluminescence (PL). Electronic properties and disorders in carbon structures were investigated through Raman spectroscopy that revealed the existence of characteristic bands (D and G). Surface morphology of prepared samples was examined with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Homogeneous distribution, size and spherical shape of Ag NPs over rGO sheets were further confirmed with the help of High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM). Dye degradation of doped and undoped samples was examined through Uv-vis. spectra. Experimental results indicated that photocatalytic activity of Ag@rGO enhanced with increased doping ratio owing to diminished electron-hole pair recombination. Therefore, it is suggested that Ag@rGO can be used as a beneficial and superior photocatalyst to clean environment and wastewater.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes Promote Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Expression in Vascular Cells in the Local Microenvironment During Rabbit Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Li Lu , Wang Yikai , Yu Xiaobing , Bao Yongming , An Lijia , Wei Xiaowei , Yu Weiting , Liu Baoyi , Li Junlei , Yang Jiahui , Xia Yan , Liu Ge , Cao Fang , Zhang Xiuzhi , Zhao Dewei
Published: February 2020

Background Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) is a highly disabling orthopedic disease in young individuals. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) has been reported to be positively associated with NONFH. We aimed to investigate the dysregulating PAI-1 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and vascular cells in rabbit steroid-induced NONFH. Methods To verify the hypothesis that BMMSCs could promote thrombus formation in a paracrine manner, we collected exosomes from glucocorticoid-treated BMMSCs (GB-Exo) to determine their regulatory effects on vascular cells. microRNA sequencing was conducted to find potential regulators in GB-Exo. Utilizing gain-of-function and knockdown approaches, we testified regulatory effect of microRNA in exosomes. Results The expression of PAI-1 was significantly increased in local microenvironment of the femoral head in ONFH model. GB-Exo promoted PAI-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells. We also revealed that miR-451-5p in GB-Exo should be responsible for the elevated PAI-1. Moreover, we identified miR-133b-3p and tested its role as an potential inhibitor of PAI-1. Conclusions This study provided considerable evidence for BMMSC exosomal miR-mediated upregulation of the fibrinolytic regulators PAI-1 in vascular cells. The disruption of coagulation and low fibrinolysis in the femoral head will eventually lead to a disturbance in microcirculation of NONFH. We believe that our findings could be of great significance for guiding clinical trials in the future.
Ultrathin Gold Nanowires to Enhance Radiation Therapy
Authors: Bai Lin , Jiang Fangchao , Wang Renjie , Lee Chaebin , Wang Hui , Zhang Weizhong , Jiang Wen , Li Zibo , Gao Shi , Xie Jin , Ma Qingjie
Published: February 2020

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is a main treatment option for cancer. Due to normal tissue toxicity, radiosensitizers are commonly used to enhance RT. In particular, high-Z nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles, have been investigated as radiosensitizers. So far, however, the studies have been focused on gold nanospheres (GNSs). In this study, we assessed the potential of ultra-thin gold nanowires (GNWs) as a radiosensitizer, which is the first time. Results: Our studies showed that GNWs are superior to GNSs with regard to enhancing radical production under radiation. In vitro analysis found that GNWs could stick to the plasma membrane and elevate lipid peroxidation and intracellular oxidative stress under radiation. When tested in vivo , GNWs led to improved tumor suppression by RT relative to GNSs. GNWs may be gradually reduced to form GNSs and shorter gold nanowires, which benefits repeated radiation. Conclusions: Our studies suggest that GNWs are as a promising type of radiosensitizer, which can be safely injected into tumors to enhance radiotherapy. While the current study was conducted in breast cancer models, the approach can be extended to the treatment of other cancers.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of mulberry reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in black (Morus atropurpurea Roxb) and white (Morus alba L) fruit genotypes
Authors: Huang Gaiqun , Zeng Yichun , Wei Ling , Yao Yongquan , Dai Jie , Liu Gang , Gui Zhongzheng
Published: February 2020

To better understand anthocyanin biosynthesis in mulberry fruit, we analyzed the transcriptome of Da 10 (Morus atropurpurea Roxb, black fruit) and Baisang (Morus alba L., white fruit). Although Da 10 had high levels of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy) and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pg), Baisang contained only Cy, at low levels. Comparative transcriptome analysis resulted in the annotation of more than 27,085 genes (including 1,735 new genes). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected at three developmental stages—S1 (4,256 genes, 10 DPA), S2 (5,612 genes, 19 DPA), and S3 (5,226 genes, 28 DPA)—when comparing Da 10 and Baisang. Anthocyanin biosynthesis was associated with the expression of 15 core genes and 5 transcription factors. Relative to Baisang, Da 10 showed significant upregulation of the genes involved in the early stages (production of the intermediate compounds, chalcone and dihydroflavonol) and late stages (production of Cy and Pg) of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Baisang showed significant downregulation of the genes involved in the early stages of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and overexpression of flavanone 3-hydroxylase, resulting in the generation of quercetin and/or myricetin but not anthocyanins. Anthocyanin biosynthesis in mulberry fruit was fueled by the precursor, phenylalanine, the intermediates, chalcone and dihydroflavonol, and the products, Cy and Pg, involving the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways.
Speaker Recognition System based on Age-related Features using Convolutional and Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Kuppusamy Karthika , Eswaran Chandra
Published: February 2020

With the advent of conversational voice recognition systems growing such as Alexa, SIRI, OK Google, etc., natural language conversational systems including Chatbot and voice recognition systems are in new high and determining the age of a speaker is critical for setting the pertinent context. Age can be inferred from the speech signal by inferring various factors such as physical attributes of voice, linguistic attributes, frequency, speech rate,etc., The proposed research article discusses about extracting the spectral features of speech such as Cepstral Coefficients, Spectral Decrease, Centroid, Flatness, Spectral Entropy, F0DIFF, Jitter and Shimmer as inputs. This would help in classifying speaker age through deep learning techniques. A novel approach is addressed along with the model for implementation using Deep Neural Network and Convolutional Neural Network for classifying the features using three different classifiers which are Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and GMM-SVM. The results obtained from the proposed system would outline the performance in speaker age recognition.
Butanol Production from Lignocellulosic Sugars by Clostridium beijerinckii in Microbioreactors
Authors: Birgen Cansu , Degnes Kristin F. , Markussen Sidsel , Wentzel Alexander , Sletta Håvard
Published: February 2020

Background: Butanol ( n- butanol) has been gaining attention as a renewable energy carrier and an alternative biofuel with superior properties to the most widely used ethanol. We performed 48 anaerobic fermentations simultaneously with glucose and xylose as representative lignocellulosic sugars by Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 in BioLector® microbioreactors to understand the effect of different sugar mixtures on fermentation and to demonstrate the applicability of the micro-cultivation system for high-throughput anaerobic cultivation studies. We then compared the results to those of similar cultures in serum flasks to provide insight into scalability.Results: ANOVA results showed that the glucose to xylose ratio affects both growth and production due to Carbon Catabolite Repression . The study showed that the BioLector® system is well suited for screening several media and sugar compositions under anaerobic conditions.Conclusions: The approach of, and information obtained in this study will support further research in bioreactor and bioprocess design and scale-up that are very important aspects of industrial fermentations of lignocellulosic biomass.
Prevalence of Familial Cluster Headache: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: OConnor Emer , Simpson B S. , Houlden H. , Vandrovcova J. , Matharu Manjit
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The population rate of familial cluster headache (CH) has been reported to be as high as 20%, however this varies considerably across studies. To obtain a true estimate of family history in CH, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of previously published data. Methods: Our systematic review involved a search of electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL) to identify and appraise studies of interest utilising the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. To further ameliorate the accuracy of our analysis we included an additional unpublished cohort of CH patients recruited at a tertiary referral centre for headache, who underwent detailed family history with diagnostic verification in relatives. Data was extracted and meta-analysis conducted to provide a true estimation of family history. Results: In total, we identified 7 studies which fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The estimated true prevalence of CH patients with a positive family history was 6.27% (95% CI:4.65-8.40%) with an overall I 2 of 73% . Fitted models for gender subgroups showed higher estimates 9.26% (95% CI: 6.29-13.43%) in females. However the I 2 for the female model was 58.42% and significant (p=0.047). Conclusion: Our findings estimate a rate of family history in CH to be approximately 6.27% (95% CI:4.65-8.40%) . While estimates were larger for female probands, we demonstrated high heterogeneity in this subgroup. These findings further support a genetic role in the aetiology of CH.
Characterization of LGR5 expression in poorly differentiated colorectal carcinoma with mismatch repair protein deficiency
Authors: Nakajima Tomoyuki , Uehara Takeshi , Iwaya Mai , Kobayashi Yukihiro , Maruyama Yasuhiro , Ota Hiroyoshi
Published: February 2020

Background Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a promising intestinal stem cell and carcinoma stem cell marker. We examined the relationship between mismatch repair (MMR) protein deficiency and LGR5 expression in poorly differentiated (PD) colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Methods In 29 cases of PD-CRC, deficiencies in MMR proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6) and β-catenin expression were identified by immunohistochemistry (IHC). LGR5 expression was examined by RNAscope assay in tissue microarrays. Results LGR5 H-scores in MMR-deficient (MMR-D) cases were significantly lower than those in MMR-proficient (MMR-P) cases ( P =0.0033). Nuclear β-catenin IHC scores in MMR-D cases were significantly lower than those in MMR-P cases ( P =0.0024). In all cases, there was a positive correlation between LGR5 H-score and nuclear β-catenin IHC score (r=0.6796, P <0.001). Even in MMR-D and MMR-P cases, there was positive correlation between LGR5 H-score and nuclear β-catenin IHC score (r=0.7180, P <0.0085 and r=0.6574, P <0.003, respectively). MMR-D CRC cases showed low expression of LGR5 , which might be due to low activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion Our results reveal the relationship between LGR5 expression and MMR protein profiles in PD-CRC. A further study is warranted to confirm these findings.
The effect of smoking on biological change of recurrent breast cancer
Authors: Takada Koji , Kashiwagi Shinichiro , Asano Yuka , Goto Wataru , Kouhashi Rika , Yabumoto Akimichi , Morisaki Tamami , Fujita Hisakazu , Shibutani Masatsune , Takashima Tsutomu , Hirakawa Kosei , Ohira Masaichi
Published: February 2020

Background: The selection of treatment for a patient with breast cancer largely relies on the cancer subtype. However, this process is complicated by changes in tumor biology at relapse. Smoking has been identified as a risk factor for breast cancer. The direct effect of a tobacco component delivered via blood circulation on the mammary gland tissue and subsequent DNA damage have been proposed to explain the association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer carcinogenesis. This postulation is supported by both tissue culture and animal studies demonstrating that the associated DNA damage further alters breast cancer cells, as indicated by an increased proliferative capacity and malignant transformation. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between changes in Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) each receptor at recurrence, and smoking and the prognosis after recurrence.Methods: This retrospective study included 989 patients with primary breast cancer who developed relapse after surgery and 50 patients who underwent regenerative biopsy or surgery from December 2007 to March 2018. ER, PgR, and HER2 expression in the primary and recurrent lesions was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and the correlations of these expression patterns with smoking history (pack-years) were examined.Results: When ER was evaluated in recurrent tumors, negative and positive conversions were recognized in 3 (6.0%) and 1 patient (2.0%), respectively. When PgR was evaluated, negative conversion was recognized in 15 patients (30.0%). When HER2 was evaluated, positive conversion was recognized in 6 patients (12.0%). Consequently, we observed a change in the intrinsic subtype in in 5 patients with recurrent tumors (10.0%). Although most clinical factors were not correlated with smoking, a positive conversion of HER2 in recurrence was significantly more frequent among smokers than among non-smokers (p=0.024).Conclusions: Biological changes during breast cancer recurrence should be given careful clinical consideration because they affect treatment after recurrence. Our results suggest that smoking may induce increased HER2 expression in recurrent breast tumors.
A novel six-gene signature for prognosis prediction in ovarian cancer
Authors: Pan Xin , Ma Xiao-xin
Published: February 2020

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most malignant tumor in the female reproductive tract. Although abundant molecular biomarkers have been identified, a robust and accurate gene expression signature is still essential to assist oncologists in evaluating the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. In the current study, 367 patients were adopted through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and mRNA expression profiling was performed. Then, we used a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to screen genes correlated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and identify these genes with the Cox proportional regression model. Six genes (TGFBI, SFRP1, COL16A1, THY1, PPIB, BGN) associated with overall survival (OS) were used to construct a risk assessment model, by which the patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. The six-gene signature was identified as an independent prognostic biomarker of the OS of ovarian cancer patients via multivariate Cox regression analysis. Besides, the six-gene model was also validated significantly by Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. In summary, we established a six-gene signature relevant to the prognosis of ovarian cancer, which might become a therapeutic target with clinical usefulness in the future.
Construction of Sandwich-like cell sheets with natural electrospun gelatin/chitosan nanofibrous delivered plasmid VEGF for accelerated wound healing
Authors: Zhu Yanxia , Liao Yuqi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Xinyi , Zhang Jianhao , You Ziyang , Lian Cuihong , He Qianjun
Published: February 2020

Background Development of natural biodegradable electrospun nanofibrous with appropriate physical properties and biocompatibility is highly desirable to support multi-layer cell sheets construction for wound healing. Results We developed a series of electrospun gelatin/chitosan nanofibrous with different gelatin/chitosan ratios and controlled pore sizes, and impregnated plasmid VEGF into membrane, which as supporting membrane to construct sandwich-like adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) cell sheets with a simple and effective technique for accelerated wound healing. We found that the physical properties of the electrospun nanofibrous including water retention, stiffness, strength, elasticity and degradation could be tailored by changing the proportion of gelatin/chitosan. We further observed that the optimized electrospun nanofibrous with the optimal ratio of gelatin to chitosan (7:3) which were soft and elastic could most effectively support cell adhesion, proliferation and migration into the whole nanofibrous membranes. Nanofibrous delivered plasmid VEGF facilitating multi-layer ADSC cell sheets formation and promoting regeneration of cutaneous tissues within two weeks. Conclusions Such natural biodegradable and biocompatible electrospun gelatin/chitosan nanofibrous with plasmid have the potential to become fully cellularized and support sandwich-like ADSC cell sheets formation, which will make it suitable for widespread applications such as skin substitute or wound dressing.
Three kinds of treatment and their combination against coronavirus PEDV
Authors: Li Cuicui , Wang Xiao-Jia
Published: February 2020

Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) of the family Coronaviridae has caused substantial economic losses in the swine husbandry industry. The currently available vaccines are only partially effective and there is no specific drug available for treatment of viral infection.Method In the current study, we use animal coronavirus PEDV as a model to study antiviral agents. Briefly, a fusion inhibitor tHR2, recombinant lentivirus-delivered shRNAs targeted to conserved M and N sequences, homoharringtonine (HHT), and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were surveyed for their antiviral effects. Results Treatment with HCQ at 50 mM reduced virus titer in TCID50 by 30 fold, and the combination with HHT at 150 nM reduced virus titer in TCID50 by 200 fold. Conclusion The combination of two drugs with low dose can more effectively inhibit PEDV infection compared to one alone. The present study offers information to contribute to the development of effective antiviral strategies against coronavirus infection, and demonstrates that the combination treatment, even at low concentrations, presents more potent antiviral activity than the separate components acting alone.
Understanding Sandfly Sampling Methods: The Sticky Traps are attraction-based and not interceptive sampling tools of Phlebotomus orientalis
Authors: Elnaiem Dia-Eldin , Khogali Altayeb , Basheer Basheer , Dakin Osman , Jibreel Tayseer , Hassan Mohamed , Mohamed Hassan , Elhadi Hanan , Nour Bakri , Osman Omran , Boer Margriet den , Alvar Jorge , Khalid Noteila
Published: February 2020

Background : It is generally assumed that sticky traps are interceptive sandfly sampling methods, although no previous experimental evidence has supported this assumption. In this study, we test this assumption experimentally for Phlebotomus orientalis , the principal vector of visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa, and provide an explanation for why their collection is highly male-biased. Methods: Three field experiments were carried out in March 2016-June 2019, in Gedarif state, eastern Sudan. In a first experiment, we compared numbers of P. orientalis caught with sticky traps made of black, red, transparent, white, yellow, green and blue A4 size papers that were set simultaneously at different lunar light conditions. In a second and a third experiments, we compared numbers of P. orientalis captured on sticky traps placed side by side horizontally or vertically on the ground or horizontally on a stool. We also made observations on mating behaviour of sandflies following their landing on un-sticky papers placed on the ground. Results: Phlebotomus orientalis showed significant attraction to white, yellow and transparent traps; with negligible numbers caught on the black and the red traps. Similarly, significantly higher numbers of P. orientalis were attracted to the horizontal traps, resulting in 8-fold increase in their yield as compared to the vertical traps. Placing the traps on the stools resulted in significant reduction of this attraction. In contrast to the sticky traps that captured only very few females, our observations indicated that when male sandflies land on un-sticky white paper they successfully lure females and copulate with them. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that for P. orientalis, sticky traps are more attractant-based than interception-based sampling tools and supports the notion that males of this sandfly species probably utilize the bright surface of the papers of the traps to perform mating rituals to attract the females for copulation. However, their pre-mature death in the sticky oil hampers the completion of these rituals and thus the result in failure of the attraction of the females. The findings of the study have important implications for optimization of the ST design for vector surveillance purpose and understanding the behaviour of P. orientalis .
Validation of a Spanish version of the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) measure for Chronic Otitis Media (COMQ-12)
Authors: Tono Ana M. Otoya , Herrera Lucía C. Pérez , García Daniel Peñaranda , López Sergio Moreno , Pedraza Ricardo Sánchez , Gómez Juan M. García , Phillips John S. , Sanjuan Augusto Penaranda
Published: February 2020

Background Evaluation of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is considered an important aspect of clinical assessment and health research. Chronic Otitis Media (COM) is related to the quality of life deterioration subsequent to COM symptoms, social communication impairments and lower work performance. However, there is no reliable information regarding the impact of this disease on health and quality of life in many resource-poor countries. Therefore, we translated into Spanish and culturally adapted the Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire-12 (COMQ-12) for the evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of Chronic Otitis Media (COM) in adult patients. Also, we assessed the psychometric properties of our version of the questionnaire.Methods Two otology referral centers in Bogotá, Colombia were included. The Spanish version of COMQ-12 was applied twice to 200 adult patients with confirmed COM diagnosis and to 31 healthy controls in order to perform the validation process and assess the internal consistency of this questionnaire. Psychometric characteristics (replicability, reliability, and validity) of the COMQ-12 were assessed. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted via structural equation modeling (SEM) in order to test the questionnaire’s structure.Results The Spanish version of the COMQ-12 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.8526, McDonald’s Omega = 0.8901). Coefficients corresponding to Lin’s Concordance test and test-retest reliability were 0.945 and 0.82 respectively. Correlation between the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the COMQ-12 was = 0.676 (IC 95% = 0.593; 0.745). Factor analysis of the Spanish version of the COMQ-12 indicated a questionnaire structure with three domains: smelly discharge related symptoms; hearing loss related symptoms; and impact on work, lifestyle and health services.Conclusion This Spanish version of the COMQ-12 showed high reliability and high internal consistency. This questionnaire can be used as an objective clinical tool to assess the HRQoL of patients who have a COM diagnosis.
Emergency Overcrowding is Seasonal in a Hospital in Hainan Province, Southern China
Authors: jiao jie , wang meng , LEI YONG-HONG , WANG TAO
Published: February 2020

Background Emergency overcrowding is a serious problem for hospital staff in China. Immigrant patients caused emergency overcrowding in a hospital in southern China. However, the demographic characteristics of this population have not been determined. Methods Data on all emergency visitors, including patients who stayed in emergency department (ED) observation units or critical care units were collected and saved in an Excel sheet. Patient characteristics, including place of origin, type of disease, visiting time, and factors associated with prolonged stay in the ED, were analyzed. Results There were 141,024 emergency visitors in a 5-year interval, and only 24.0% of them were local residents. The number of patients was higher from November to March of next year. Immigrant patients usually had more commodity diseases than local residents. A total of 3,173 patients stayed in the ED observation unit or critical care unit in one-year interval. The number of patients in the ED and their LOS were higher from November 2017 to March 2018. Conclusions Emergency overcrowding in a hospital in southern China was seasonal and was caused by an increasing number of immigrants. Several patients stayed in the ED for a long time, especially those with special commodity diseases. Hospitals and the government should take measures to address the problems related to emergency overcrowding. Key words: Emergency overcrowding; Immigrant patients; Southern China
Organizational and Economic Capabilities of Business Processes Re-engineering in the Marketing Activities of Industrial Enterprises under the Conditions of Economy Financialization
Authors: Hrytsenko Larysa L. , Boronos Volodymyr M. , Melnyk Mykola V. , Ignatchenko Vitaliy. M. , Kovalev Yaroslav S.
Published: February 2020

The development of the Ukrainian economy largely depends on the ability of domestic industrial enterprises to withstand the pressure of transformations that determine the new business environment. Such enterprises form the real sector of the national economy, and their success is determined by the ability to adapt, attract investments and work effectively with innovations. Thus, the future of Ukrainian enterprises is closely linked to effective financial activity, which should reflect progressive world trends. In the same work, the author carried out studies to determine the impact on domestic industrial enterprises attracting investment for the success of their innovation activities in terms of financialization of the economy and sharp transformations in the business environment. The prevailing influence of geopolitical processes on the corresponding distribution and the weak level of the ability of the real sector of the economy, in particular, industrial enterprises to withstand radical and sudden changes in the external business environment, are determined. The author proposes to consider the possibility of business process re-engineering in the marketing activities of industrial enterprises to improve the position of the real sector of the economy in attracting and effectively mastering investments. The analysis of the correlation of principles and goals of business process re-engineering and different models of financial management is carried out. The emphasis is made on the peculiarities of business process re-engineering in the marketing activities of industrial enterprises, due to which the rapid adaptation of the enterprise to the sharp transformations in the external business environment can take place. The author determined the business process re-engineering of marketing activities of industrial enterprises to be capable of ensuring the effective transformation of the internal business environment of an industrial enterprise and minimizing the negative impact of financialization of the economy on the industrial sector.
Key words: industrial enterprise, financialization, innovation, marketing activities, re-engineering, business process, real sector of the economy, business environment.
European Experience of the Peculiarities of State Regulation of Education: Case-Study of Poland, Slovenia, Czech Republic
Authors: Mayboroda Tetyana M.
Published: February 2020

The current vector of Ukraine's development is the Eurointegration course, which requires the transformation of domestic systems of national economy management, including such a key part of the system as education. The European educational space is characterized by common features that, in general, are unified in most of the bloc countries. Despite this, national education systems have retained their peculiarities in the course of the formation and transition to European values. In particular, the experience of individual countries such as Poland, Slovenia and the Czech Republic, which have common features with Ukraine in geographical, historical, cultural and other dimensions, is important enough to determine the general vectors to develop the national system of state regulation of education, which is in the active phase of reformation. In the article, the author considers the peculiarities of educational systems and their state regulation in the following countries of Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Slovenia and the Czech Republic, which have common features with Ukraine and can serve as guidelines for its transformation. The study revealed the following common features that are inherent in the state regulation of education: decentralization in the management and regulation of education, the provision of significant autonomy to educational institutions, the development of lifelong learning and its support at the state level, and the establishment of a wide network of public-private partnerships. In this regard, the main models of decentralization of education management, which are widespread in the world, were investigated, including decentralization with a dominant position of the bodies of local self-government and with strong autonomy of schools. Ukraine belongs to the first model, which has a number of features that were studied by the author. As a result, the need for further reform of the educational sector, which can be based on the experience of Central and Eastern Europe analyzed in the article, is indicated.
Key words: state regulation of education, a branch of education, European experience, decentralization, education reform.
Investments in Renewable Energy for Smart Grid Technology Development
Authors: Kubatko Oleksandra V. , Tolok Tetyana S. , Edafejimue Harrison O. , Almashaqbeh Ismail Y. A.
Published: February 2020

The current state of economic development foreseen an increasing production processes efficiency and determines the demand for energy resources. At the same time, the global use of traditional energy sources is steadily growing and currently it is still dominant. Considering the empirical arguments regarding environmental degradation and problems related to climate change, the development and implementation of smart and safe energy technologies, such as the Smart Grid, is relevant. Smart and secure power grids today are seen as technologies that facilitate the transition of the energy system supply from traditional electrical networks to more sustainable and environmentally friendly operations. The article deals with theoretical and methodological approaches that reveal the essence of the Smart Grid concept, and analyzes the main areas of investment in such technologies. It is underlined that to ensure energy security and environmental sustainability of energy supply sector the generation of electric power should be based on the use of renewable energy sources. The long-run sustainability of energy sector in climate change conditions is guaranteed by forming deep links between renewable energy generation and Smart Grid technologies. The paper discusses the main factors which may influence the Smart Grid technology development. The investments in renewable energy are named to be the most important factor of Smart Grid technology development. The lack of investments is considered to be an important factor of poor energy efficiency in developing economies. In addition, the article focuses on European experience regarding the implementation of smart and safe energy systems based on renewable energy sources. It is underlined the best EU counties experience for Smart Grid technology development based on investments in renewable energy sector.
Key words: Smart Grid, renewable energy, economic process, power network, energy supply, efficiency, investment.
Sustainable Development of Basic Territorial Self-sufficient Entities of Ukraine and Poland
Authors: Khlobystov Ievgen V. , Zharova Liubov V.
Published: February 2020

The paper aimed on the basis of analysis of Basic territorial self-sufficient entities (BSTEE) in Ukraine and Poland and their budget constraints to confirm the hypothesis about mismatch between the needs and opportunities for attracting budget funds (on the example of the environmental tax in Ukraine and decreasing of the environmental tax rate in Ukraine over the last 5 years) and systemizing the opportunities experience in this field of communes in Poland. It has been proved that increasing the efficiency of collecting and using financial resources for rising effectiveness of territorial development on a basic level are: simplifying tax administration; providing institutional capacity and permits for its accumulation, storage in banking institutions, for the purpose of pooling environmental tax funds with other communities to form joint financial associations; clarification of the articles that can be spent on environmental tax, the inclusion of these articles in the direction of expenditure aimed at integrated design of sustainable development territories. The authors focused on the hypothesis that for the basic territorial entities the efforts should be concentrated on the identifying the perspective economic vectors of development and forming the bases for implementation all previous formulated issues within the framework of designing, programming and policy making. It is emphasized that the perspective direction of BSTEE development may not coincide with the traditional economy, but rely on the available and perspective natural, human and infrastructural resources. It is proved that the economic profile of BSTEE should include variability of development taking into account the tendencies of nature management, demand and perspective of certain types of resources. The article concluded that it is substantiated that for the BSTEE at the time of determining the perspective economic orientation of development as a sphere of application of efforts within the framework of designing, programming and policy making. This allows the industry that forms the economic “profile” of BSTEE to become the basis. That is, one that has prospects for development for 10–15 years.
Key words: basic territorial entities, environmental tax, budget, territorial development, economic focus of the local economy, environmental management, sustainable development planning.
The Symbiosis of Offline and Digital Retail: Ukrainian Context
Authors: Natorina Alona O.
Published: February 2020

It is substantiated and scientifically proved that retail is one of the components of the Ukrainian economy in the context of ensuring its sustainable development. The arguments about the determination of the symbiosis of offline and digital retail as one of the alternatives for successful operations in a modern environment with permanent market changes are summarized considering the trend of digitalization. The purposes of the paper are to investigate the landscape and features of digital and offline businesses of retailers, and to justify recommendations for retailers with a trade network for their persistent digital business development in the context of Ukrainian realities. The object of the study is the largest Ukrainian retailers in the food retail segment, which carrying out simultaneous online and offline trade. As part of the study, the analysis of the volumes of online trade in the general structure of Ukraine's trade turnover during 2014–2019 years was carried out. The trends of the Ukrainian online trading market in Europe are identified. The comparative analysis of the spending volume of online retail in Ukraine, Eastern Europe and the world in 2014–2020 years was conducted. Prospects for doing digital business for retailers in Ukraine are substantiated. The features of the online buyers’ activities in the online space are diagnosed. The digital activity of consumers by the types of gadgets and devices in Ukraine and the world is determined. Trends in Ukrainian online retail is interpreted. The development of the digital business of Ukrainian food retailers is analysed. Based on the results of diagnostics of the Ukrainian retailers’ activity in the food retail segment and taking into account current market trends, perspective directions of persistent progressive development of their digital business are determined. Approbation of the recommendations that are provided in the article, is confirmed the feasibility of their usage by online retailers in Ukraine to maximize the satisfaction of heterogeneous requests, needs and preferences of online buyers, as well as the rapid expansion of new market segments. Key words: digitalization, digital business, digital transformation, offline business, retail.
Postoperative analgesia. Guidelines
Authors: Ovechkin Aleksey M. , Bayalieva A. Zh. , Ezhevskaya A. A. , Eremenko A. A. , Zabolotskij D. V. , Zabolotskikh I.B. , Karelov A. E. , Koryachkin V. A. , Spasova A. P. , Khoronenko V. E. , Uvarov D. N. , Ulrikh G. E. , Shadrin R. V.
Published: February 2020

This article described the main theses of clinical guidelines of the Russian Federation of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists on postoperative pain management. The classification, etiology and pathogenesis of postoperative pain, the basic principles and algorithms for diagnosing pain, and the regional and systemic pharmacotherapy of pain in various fields of surgery are consistently presented. Multimodal analgesia is described in detail as a key concept of a current approach to the treatment of postoperative pain. All presented information is based on evidence-based medical data obtained by Russian and foreign researchers.
Security perception of e-banking users in India: an analytical hierarchy process
Authors: Kumar Mahesh , Gupta Sanjay
Published: February 2020

When choosing online financial transactions, security is a paramount concern of users. Three categories of banks in India, namely public, private and foreign banks, have a completely different focus on technology and capabilities. The study aims at investigating e-banking users’ perception with regard to online risk for public, private and foreign banks. Online risk perception for the abovementioned banks was assessed on three major risk parameters, i.e. security aspect, privacy aspect, and trust; using a multiple-criteria decision-making tool, called the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The outcomes indicate that security risk is paramount among various aspects of perceived risk, followed by privacy and trust concern. Moreover, public sector banks are perceived to be the safest in this aspect. Public sector banks are also considered to be benign in terms of privacy and trust. Given the general user’s perception of risk generated by all the three risk parameters taken together, public sector banks are perceived to be the most secure, followed by private and foreign banks. The findings of this study have various implications for both research and practice. Private and foreign banks in India may adopt appropriate marketing strategies to achieve a favorable perception. Various studies have been conducted earlier on these factors and their interrelationship, but limited research has been carried out to demonstrate the importance of each of these factors in relation to the other as perceived by the user. Moreover, the study quantifies factors in order of their importance.
Membrane Filtration of Methyl Orange
Authors: SEMİZ Levent
Published: February 2020

In this work, the filtration of methyl orange by polyacrylonitrile-co-poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) copolymer and polyacrylonitrile-co-poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate)/polyaniline membranes were utilized. It was observed that the filtration performance was improved as acrylonitrile amount in the copolymer increased. Also, functionalizing membrane with polyaniline further enhanced the dye rejection rates. Moreover, this enhancement was proportional to polyaniline amount. Furthermore, the performance of polyaniline containing membranes was pH dependent. They showed higher filtration performances at acidic mediums and they further increased as pH decreased. PAN(92)-co-P2EHA(8)- PANI(10%) membrane provided 99.3% dye rejection value for 25 ppm dye concentration at pH 2. Also, this membrane demonstrated good resistance to permeate concentration. It had 97.6% and 90.1% dye rejection rates for 50 and 100 ppm, respectively.
Design of Unmanned Helicopter Equipped with Turboshaft Engine for Agriculture Spraying Mission Based on Thermodynamic Analysis
Authors: EKİCİ Selcuk
Published: February 2020

In this study, the thermodynamic cycle of a turboshaft engine whose design parameters were determined in accordance with an agricultural spraying unmanned helicopter was performed. After the solid model of the unmanned helicopter was created, a tank was designed to carry additives and water. The design requirements of the turboshaft engine were determined by deciding the maximum power requirement of the unmanned helicopter in accordance with the design parameters of the tank. The performance parameters of each component of the turboshaft engine are presented through diagrams. In addition, entropy generation (exergy destruction) and loop diagrams are presented to the literature depending on performance parameters. This study provides evidence that the design parameters of a manned and/or unmanned helicopter should be considered depending on the environmental conditions. The effect of ambient temperature and pressure varying with altitude on all components of the engine appears as the rate of exergy destruction. Thereby, it is necessary to analyze the ambient temperature and pressure in determining the required design parameters. The relationship of temperature-pressure-entropy production according to the station numbers of the engine is presented through diagrams. It is clearly seen that entropy production increases with the increase in temperature in the components of the turboshaft. Since the aero-vehicle needs maximum power requirements during the take-off phase and its power is associated with temperature, pressure and many other parameters, the take-off phase is an important process in all flight stages.
Afetlerde Hemşirelerin Psikolojik İlk Yardım Rolleri
Authors: Özyer Yasemin , Dinçer Samet
Published: February 2020

Afetler dünya genelinde artış göstermektedir. Sağlık
çalışanları, toplum genelinde bir afet durumunda uygun ve verimli bir şekilde
olaylara müdahale edebilmeli ve cevap verebilmelidir. Geleneksel sağlık eğitimi
afetler gibi yüksek riskli ya da az karşılaşılan olaylarla ilgili olarak
gerçekci deneyimlerin sağlandığı bir eğitim vermemektedir. Sağlık
çalışanlarının büyük çoğunluğunu oluşturan hemşireler afetlere hazırlık ve
hasta bakımında kilit rol oynamaktadır. Afetlere müdahale konusunda yeterli
bilgiye, beceriye, yeterliliğe ve hazırlığa sahip olmaları gerekmektedir. Afet
hemşireliği ve risk yönetiminde eğitim almamakla birlikte afet müdahalesine
katılan sağlık personelinin bu yönde geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma,
afetlerde görev alan hemşirelerin, afet konusunda bilgi, beceri, yeterlik,  yetkinlik, psikolojik ilk yardım ve afete
hazırlık eğitimlerinin önemini vurgulamak amacıyla yapılmıştır.