bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Détente as a Factor of Modernization of the USSR in the 1970s - the Beginining of the 1980s in the Analytical Reviews of the Central Intelligence Agency
Authors: Yakupova Daria , Yakupov Roman
Published: February 2020

Coverage of the role and importance of the economic policy implemented during the détente period to solve the complex problems of the Soviet Union in the field of intensification of production is relevant in connection with the cyclical completion of the warmer climate between Russia and the West. The study of the historical experience of the development of international cooperation, the analysis of competition for a place in the global division of labor and the results of the struggle for the achievements of the scientific and technical revolution of the XX century make it possible to reconstruct the steps taken by the Soviet leadership to find new foreign economic tools against the background of modernization challenges. The article based on the materials of the electronic archive of the CIA, documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, Russian State Archive of Economics and Russian State Archive of Contemporary History funds provide previously unpublished comprehensive information on the size and content of compensation agreements of the USSR with Western Europe, the USA and Japan during the détente period. The authors reveal the role of the banking capital of the USSR to ensure the country's access to hard currency and implementation of the technology transfer policy. Similarity of the strategy of containment of the USSR in the 1970s and Russia today is emphasized on the example of the analysis of the USA intelligence data. The authors come to the conclusion that, despite the considerable mobilization efforts of the Soviet leadership to expand foreign trade operations, the conclusion of large-scale compensation agreements, the creation of sovereign transnational transportation and the development of Soviet financial institutions abroad, the targets set by the modernization of the 1970s were not fully met. The USSR did not maintain the export model in the global economy during the détente period for a number of reasons.
Problems of the Soviet Arctic Development in the Works by Anglo-American Researchers of the 1930s-1950s
Authors: Anan'ev Denis
Published: February 2020

The paper objective is to analyze the works by the Anglo-American researchers (T.A. Taracouzio, T. Armstrong, C.J. Webster et al.) published in the 1930s–1950s, and to estimate their contribution to the study of the early stage of the Soviet Arctic development. These works by Western scholars are of interest to the contemporary researchers not only because they show how the ups and downs of the Soviet policy towards the Arctic were perceived and evaluated in other countries. Some conclusions drawn in the works under consideration remain relevant nowadays, such as the idea that it is impossible to address the problems of the Arctic region effectively without meaningful international cooperation. The Anglo-American specialists used a vast amount of documentary sources and research literature (for the most part, published in Russian) and covered a wide range of issues related to this topic. These issues include the history of scientific exploration; the system of governance in the Arctic in the 1920s-1950s; the economic development; the policy towards the indigenous population etc. While admitting the outstanding accomplishments of the Soviet explorers of the Arctic region, the Western authors also pointed out that there was certain continuity between the pre-revolutionary and Soviet policies implemented in the Arctic; stressed the military and strategic significance of the Arctic territories and negative human impact on the Arctic environment. Specialized scientific research centers contributed to the comprehensive study of the topic. Among such centers one should mention the Scott Polar Research Institute (Cambridge) and the Arctic Institute of North America, which prepared and published 16 volumes of «Arctic bibliography». The author concludes that the Anglo-American researchers laid a foundation for the further study of the problems related to the development of the Arctic zone of the USSR and Russian Federation.
The Formation of the East Siberian Region in 1930 and the Problems of the Reorganization of the Banking Sector in the Region
Authors: Shaherov Vadim
Published: February 2020

The article analyzed the changes in the credit system of Eastern Siberia that took place during the formation of the East Siberian region in 1930. As a result of the reorganization Irkutsk office of the State Bank of the USSR was transformed into a regional one, which greatly expanded the geography of its activities. The article considers the challenges of expanding bank by establishing branch offices, the organization of management and communication with them on the territory of the region. Management challenges of the new structure were compounded by the ongoing administrative change initiatives in the region. The study focused on the issues of human resources management. The reorganization of the banking sector was hampered by the lack of experienced bank managers. A significant issue was not only the low level of professional skills, but also high staff turnover due to difficult working conditions, low wages, high cost and low level of cultural and living conditions. The way out from this situation was the creation of its own system of job training in the form of banking and finance courses, which were later transformed into a Training Academy.
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East: "The Japanese Operation in the Khalkhyn Gol Area Was an Aggressive War"
Authors: Bold Ravdangiin
Published: February 2020

More than 20 Soviet, Mongolian and Japanese witnesses who had taken part in the battles in the area of the Khalkhyn Gol (English “Khalkha River”) were heard in the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, held in Tokyo in 1946-1948. The events were presented to the world community to the extent appropriate. Although some believe that the Tokyo Trial was an event where the victors in the war were able to impose their views and the decision on the war’s losers, the Tribunal was a very important event that revealed the causes of military action in the Khalkhyn Gol area and came to conclusions of international significance. The Tokyo Trial found that the military action near the Khalkhyn Gol was “an aggressive war unleashed against the MPR and the USSR” and prepared by Japan in advance. It was a reasoned conclusion from the point of view that “War is a continuation of politics by other means” as well as from the point of view of international law. On the other hand, at the time, the Tokyo Trial made a political judgement that the military action in the Khalkhyn Gol area was “an aggressive war”, that undoubtedly makes those events a real war for Mongolia. The article was written based on the decision of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East on the military activities in the Khalkhyn Gol area.
Mikhail Natarov, the Russian Hero of the Battle of Khalkhyn Gol
Authors: Smirnov Sergey , Buyakov Alexey
Published: February 2020

In May 1939, there was a large-scale military conflict between Japan and the Soviet Union as a result of Japanese provocative acts in the territory of Manchurian-Mongolian border near Nomonhan-Burd-Obo. It took place in the territory of the Mongolian People’s Republic. The Soviet Union won in September of the same year. The article, based on the unique archive documents and emigrants’ publications, presents a biography of a Russian emigrant, a military officer of Manchukuo army M. Natarov who died in the battle of Khalkhyn Gol in July 1939. The authors also analyze the rise of the cult of warriors against the Communist International in the Russian emigrants’ community. M. Natarov’s death was used by the emigrant politicians supported by Japanese authorities to create the cult of heroes killed in the struggle against the Communist International. The aim of the cult was to unite Russian emigrants on the background of anti-Soviet climate. Due to the short period of its existence and tepid response from the emigrants’ community, the cult failed to gain ground in the minds of Russian emigrants in Manchukuo. The article is based on the documents of the Khabarovsk Region State Archive.
SİNOPE ANTİK KENTİ'NDEN BİR GRUP İON BAŞLIĞI
Authors: YILDIRIM Nazli
Published: February 2020

Söz konusu bu çalışmada Paphlagonia Bölgesi'nde yer alan Sinope Antik kenti içerisinde tespit edilmiş olan bir grup İon başlığı incelenmiş olup tüm bu başlıkların tipolojilerinin belirlenmesi, hangi tür yapılara ait olabileceği ve tarihlendirilmesi gibi konulara yer verilmiştir. Tümü bezemesiz abakuslu, astarsız volütlü ve üç yumurtalı kymationa sahip olmalarıyla belirgin bir grup oluşturan bu başlıkların yan yüzleri birbirinden farklı pulvinus ve balteus bezemelerine sahiptir. Örnekler aynı tipolojik özelliklere sahip olsalar da detaylarda gözlemlenen işçilik farklılıkları ve bezeme zenginliği, kentte önemli bir yerel atölyenin ya da en azından dönemin popüler mimari uygulamalarını ve bezemelerini bilerek uygulayabilen yetenekli ustaların varlığı konusunda önemli ipuçları barındırmaktadır.
DNA extraction from whole blood using simple salting out procedure v1
Authors: Lab Schuele , Zafar Faria
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this protocol is high-molecular weight DNA extraction from whole blood for genetic analyses, including no amplification long-range sequencing.
La comprensión y el razonamiento en las conectivas proposicionales: los condicionales SOLO SI y A MENOS QUE
Authors: García-Madruga Juan Antonio
Published: February 2020

En el estudio de las conectivas proposicionales confluyen la lingüística, la lógica y la psicología, por lo que constituye un campo de gran interés para la ciencia cognitiva. Los enunciados condicionales son especialmente relevantes, ya que son una herramienta básica para expresar en forma precisa las posibilidades lógicas que se producen en la realidad. La teoría de los modelos mentales sostiene que la comprensión y el razonamiento a partir de los condicionales si entonces lleva a la construcción inicial de una única posibilidad explícita, mientras que en solo si y a menos que la representación inicial incluye dos posibilidades. No es de extrañar, por tanto, que solo si y a menos que se utilicen frecuentemente para la expresión de las advertencias y las amenazas. En estos contextos pragmáticos, además de la posibilidad deseable, se destaca aquella otra sobre la que se advierte o con la que se amenaza; por ejemplo, Aprobarás solo si estudias más o No aprobarás a menos que estudies más. En este trabajo presentamos algunas reflexiones teóricas sobre estas dos formulaciones condicionales estrechamente relacionadas, así como los resultados de tres estudios recientes realizados desde la perspectiva de la psicología cognitiva del razonamiento.
Extracting the Response of the Bay Bridge, California, from the Application of Multichannel Deconvolution to Earthquake-Induced Shaking
Authors: Jian Jing , Snieder Roel , Nakata Nori
Published: February 2020

Engineered structures, such as bridges, are excited by earthquakes at the base of the towers and the endpoint of decks. The different structural units of bridges, such as the towers and decks, are coupled. We extract the response of the towers and decks of the Bay Bridge in California from the motion of the bridge that is caused by earthquakes. This constitutes a multichannel deconvolution problem, which is, in general, ill-posed. We use the redundancy of the western half of the Bay Bridge, with near-identical towers and decks, to estimate the response of the upper towers, lower towers, and decks, from the transverse motion recorded in the bridge after four earthquakes. The extracted response functions for the four earthquakes show consistent wave arrivals that correspond to the waves that propagate through the towers and the decks. This method can, in principle, be used to monitor changes in the structural response.
La Compañía Ferrocarrilera de Petróleo y el reemplazo del carbón como combustible en los ferrocarriles de capital británico en Argentina, 1920-1947
Authors: López Mario Justo
Published: February 2020

Resumen. Con frecuencia se ha afirmado que las compañías ferroviarias de propiedad británica hasta 1947 tenían interés en la importación de carbón y que por esa razón fueron un obstáculo para el desarrollo de la producción nacional de petróleo. La creación en 1920 de la Compañía Ferrocarrilera de Petróleo y las inversiones hechas en la transformación de las locomotoras a vapor para quemar combustible líquido después de la Primera Guerra Mundial muestran hechos que son incompatibles con aquella información. La principal preocupación de las compañías ferroviarias fue siempre dar un servicio de transporte reduciendo al mínimo los costos de explotación, entre ellos los de combustible. Cuando el carbón importado, por su precio y por su escasez, se convirtió en un problema, las compañías no dudaron en buscar la sustitución por petróleo argentino. También invirtieron sumas importantes en convertirse ellas mismas en productoras de ese combustible en la Argentina.
Pendekatan kriminologi dan gender terhadap model kurikulum pembinaan narapidana anak kelas I Blitar
Authors: Saifullah Saifullah , Bashith Abdul , Ch Mufidah
Published: February 2020

This study is aimed to elaborate the criminology and gender approaches taken to provide curriculum material contents in forming curriculum models for fostering child detainees in the child prison. Using legal and conceptual approaches, this study elaborates the findings as follows: in the criminology perspective, to provide curriculum material contents in forming curriculum models for fostering child detainees in child prison is by using religious approach, completing facilities and infrastructures, optimizing employee roles, applying formal education in prison, giving treatment and health care, supporting for the creation of social recovery, giving  remission of crimes and assimilated opportunities including a leave to visit family or parole and a leave before being released. Whereas, in the gender perspective, it is by not distinguishing between sexes during the treatment to them. In addition, the final result of the curriculum model formation for fostering child detainees in child prison of LPKA (Child-specific Guidance Institution) in Blitar can be referred to as; the treatment system for correctional students in prison. This system consists of input in the form of an initial stage of 0 to 1/3 course with an administrative orientation pattern; the advanced stage consists of 1/3 to ½ course and ½ to 2/3 course; the final stage is 2/3 to any uncertain course stage with the achievement of correctional goal that is social reintegration: live, life, livelihood.
Endometrioma e infertilidad: revisión de alternativas terapéuticas
Authors: Restrepo-Cano Gustavo Adolfo
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre el tratamiento de los endometriomas en el área de la infertilidad.Materiales y métodos: el presente trabajo es una revisión sistemática cualitativa, para la cual se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en PubMed/ MEDLINE, Hinari y Cochrane, para recopilar información publicada tanto en inglés como en español desde febrero del 2000 a marzo del 2010, eligiendo aquellos artículos que evaluaban el tratamiento de los endometriomas en función de la infertilidad.Resultados: la mejor evidencia respecto al manejo de los endometriomas en infertilidad se encuentra en las diferencias de las técnicas quirúrgicas para su tratamiento. La cistectomía laparoscópica es el método quirúrgico más efectivo, afecta de menor manera la reserva ovárica folicular y disminuye de forma significativa el riesgo de recurrencias. No afecta los resultados de la FIV (fertilización in vitro) en términos de embarazos.Conclusiones: la cirugía excisional laparoscópica (cistectomía) de los endometriomas ofrece ventajas frente a las demás.
Embarazo heterotópico: diagnóstico ecográfico temprano, manejo con laparoscopia. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Mendivil César , Padrón Rafael , Miranda Jezid , Silva Glenda
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: realizar una revisión de la literatura acerca de los aspectos más importantes relacionados con el diagnóstico oportuno y el manejo del embarazo heterotópico.Materiales y métodos: se presenta un caso de un embarazo heterotópico diagnosticado por ultrasonografía, a quien se le realizó salpingectomía por laparoscopia y se continuó con la gestación intrauterina normal. Se realizó una revisión en las bases de datos MEDLINE y EMBASE, además de la base latinoamericana SciELO y libros de la especialidad.Conclusión: el diagnóstico del embarazo heterotópico es difícil debido a las diversas manifestaciones clínicas y a la existencia del embarazo intrauterino que continúa la producción de fracción Beta de la gonadotropina coriónica humana. La ecografía es un pilar importante en el diagnóstico e identificación temprana de esta patología. La laparoscopia surge como una alternativa segura en el manejo.
Value of tissue Doppler imaging and peak acceleration time in prediction of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: KELEŞ Fikret , ÇELİK Mustafa , KARATAS Recep , ERSEÇGİN Ahmet , YİLMAZ Ahmet , AYGUL Nazif , AVCI Ahmet
Published: February 2020

Aim: Atrial
fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in the population and its prevalance
increases with age; and also is the most morbid and mortal arrhythmia. Usually
the beginning of the persistant atrial fibrillation is recurrent episodes of
the paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Prediction of the paroxysmal atrial
fibrillation can cause prevention of this arrhythmia and thus prevention of the
adverse outcomes. We aimed to investigate tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and peak
acceleration time (pkAcc) parameters that can predict the paroxysmal atrial
fibrillation in this study.

Material and Methods: 20-73
years old (mean 47,5) 50 individuals that are diagnosed with PAF included the
patient group. 50 individuals who have the similar baseline demographic
charasteristics with patient group and who have no persistant or PAF included
the control group. Transthoracic echocardiogaphic (TTE) evaluation is applied
all of the control and study groups. Tissue Doppler parameters and pkAcc is
measured in TTE and statistical analyses is performed.

Results: In
TTE evaluation, left atrium ejection fraction is lower in the patient group
than the study group (%50,6 vs. %59,2, p<0,001). In TDI evaluation, the
average of E/E’ which was measured from the anterior, inferior, lateral and
septal walls of the left ventricle; is found higher in the patient group
compared to the control group (8,17 vs. 7,04; p=0,004).  When two groups are compared in terms of
pkAcc, it was found that patient group is higher, but this difference did not
reach the statistical significance (1063 vs. 994, p=0,14).         

Conclusions: TDI
evaluation can play an important role in prediction of paroxysmal atrial
fibrillation.
ŞEREFE KARŞI SUÇLAR
Authors: KÖKEN Enes
Published: February 2020

Şerefe Karşı Suçlar, TCK’nın İkinci Kitabının, Kişilere Karşı Suçlar başlıklı İkinci Kısmının, Sekizinci Bölümünde, 125-131. Maddeler arasında

düzenlenmiştir. Şeref, kişinin toplum içindeki saygınlığını ifade eder.

Hakaret ise, kişileri toplum içinde aşağılamak, rencide etmek, küçük düşürmektir. Şeref ve hakaretin gerçekleşmesi için gerekli şartlar, koşullar ve

özellikleri incelenecektir. Huzurda ve gıyapta hakaret suçlarının arasındaki farklar, bu hususların özellikleri detaylı olarak ele alınacaktır. Yine,

hakaret suçunun, suçun özel görünüş şekilleri açısından değerlendirilmesi yapılacaktır. Ayrıca, manevi unsurdan da bahsedilecektir. Madde 129,

öneminden dolayı ayrıca ele alınıp, değerlendirilecektir. Çalışmamızda,

özellikle doktrindeki tartışmalı noktalara ve daha önce üzerinde hiç veya

gereği kadar görüş bildirilmemiş konulara değinmeye çalışacağız.
COMPARISON OF RAYON AND FLOCKED SWABS FOR COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT OF DEEP THROAT SWABS FOR DETECTION OF BACTERIA CAUSING WHOOPING COUGH BY MULTIPLEX REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY
Authors: Pimenova A. S. , Borisova O. Yu. , Petrova M. S. , Gadua N. T. , Borisova A. B. , Kafarskaya L. I. , Afanasiev S. S.
Published: February 2020

The aim of the work was to comparison of rayon and flocked swabs for collection and transport of deep throat swabs for detection of bacteria causing whooping cough by multiplex real-time PCR assay. The study included 87 patients aged from 1 month to 37 years, hospitalized in Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Moscow Department of Healthcare. 68 (78,2 %) people had a diagnosis of whooping cough, the main group of which consisted of children aged 1 to 12 months (median 4 months); 17 (19,5 %) - other diseases of the respiratory tract; 2 (2,3 %) - contact with sick whooping cough. The initial examination of patients was carried out on the 1 - 8th week of the onset of the disease. The material from the patients was taken at one-day interval with commercial rayon swabs and flocked swabs. Identification and differentiation of specific genome fragments of the causative agents of whooping cough in biological material was carried out by real-time PCR using the «AmpliSens® Bordetella multi-FL» reagent kit. The efficiency of PCR-based diagnostics of whooping cough using flocked swabs at the preanalytical stage was 83,8 %, and rayon swabs - 82,3 %. The use of a flocked swabs at the preanalytical stage increased the research efficiency by 1,5 %. Thus, when collecting biological material for PCR-based diagnostics of whooping cough it is possible to use flocked swabs.
FIRST RESULTS OF APPLICATION OF AN ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY IN THE SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF INFECTION CAUSED BY HERPESVIRUS TYPE 7
Authors: Mardanly Seifaddin Gashimovich , Arsenyeva V. A. , Avdonina A. S. , Amelina E. A. , Mardanly S. S.
Published: February 2020

HHV-7 (Human Herpes virus type 7) is a relatively recently discovered, ubiquitous beta herpes virus. In Russia, the diagnosis of HHV-7 infection is carried out by PCR, which determines the DNA in serum or plasma, if there are clinical indications. Laboratory serological tests for HHV-7 are not performed. Currently, in the scientific literature, information on clinical studies of HHV-7 infection, its epidemiology, and its role in the etiopathogenesis of various diseases is insufficient. This article presents the results of the development of a test kit “ELISA-HHV-7-IgG”, designed to detect specific IgG to HHV-7 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Studies of the sensitivity and specificity of the developed test kit, including potential cross-reactive samples positive for other herpesvirus infections, were carried out. In the context of serological diagnostics, we studied samples of the sera of children (n = 167) and old people (n = 238) for the presence of IgG to HHV-7 with confirmation of the results in the indirect immunofluorescence reaction and the immune blotting reaction. The research results are evidence of the possibility of using the developed test kit for serological diagnosis of HHV-7 infection.
THYROID ANTIBODIES LEVELS IN EUTHYROID MEN AND WOMEN - RESIDENTS OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Gorenko I. N.
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the levels of thyroid antibodies and their relationship with thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin in euthyroid men and women, residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. A total of 208 apparently healthy people were enrolled in this study and classified into two groups depending on gender and level of autoantibodies in the blood. Serum hormones of the pituitary-thyroid system, thyroglobulin and antibodies concentration was measured by enzyme immunoassay. The prevalence of positive antibodies among various examined groups was determined and the characteristics of euthyroid subjects with abnormal thyroid antibodies levels were studied. Circulating positive thyroid antibodies were found in 20% of the surveyed residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The median serum antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (AntiTPO) or thyroglobulin (AntiTG) levels and the percentage of people in general population with positive antibodies (i.e. AntiTPO ≥ 50 IU / ml and / or AntiTG ≥ 100 IU / ml) were statistically significant higher in women than in men, p < 0.01. Such thyroid antibodies levels were associated with a higher thyroid gland functional activity in women, which was demonstrated by significantly higher thyroxin level and lower thyroglobulin value in the peripheral blood. Part of women positive for AntiTPO increased with age from 18 to 33% (in groups aged 18-44 and 45-59 years, p = 0.04). The findings of the study reveal correlation between thyroid function test and thyroid antibodies levels, elaborating the clinical importance of thyroid antibodies in clinical examination and follow-up of patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders.
KETERAMPILAN MENGOBSERVASI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS
Authors: Hardi Ode Sofyan , Rumantir Kiki
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to describe phenomena in thematic learning in elementary schools, where the ability to observe is included in the aspect of geographical skills. This research method uses descriptive method with a survey approach, by taking a sample of the school in SDN Rawamangun 12 Pagi, and taking a sample V class  .The data analysis technique used is the description technique. Students who make observations can be seen from several activities below: Using various feelings to recognize an object; Record in detail the relevant facts of the object and everything around it; Identify similarities and differences; Using tools and materials to understand objects in detail. The results of this study basically students who study at SDN Rawamangun 12 Pagi have been able to observe social objects in social studies material using guided inquiry methods students experienced a significant increase. The use of models that prioritize aspects of high thinking in students, so that students experience good learning outcomes.

Keywords: Skills, Observations, Social Sciences
MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT PASKA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI 35: ANTARA REKOGNISI DAN MARGINALISASI
Authors: Wibowo L.R , Mulyawan M Budi , M Yustina Ambarini , Hakim Ismatul
Published: February 2020

The Kandayan Dayak  is one of the customary community (MHA) which has been hereditary living in the forest area of â€‹â€‹West Kalimantan province. The Kandayan has rules and local wisdom in managing  natural resource  that have long been inspired by the ancestors, but their legal status of their residence and  customary land area overlaps with the area of â€‹â€‹forest timber forest product utilization (UPHHK-HTI) and oil palm plantations. The uncertainty of the ulayat rights made the Kandayan customary  to move to areas outside the limited production forest controlled by UHHK-HTI. The limitations to access natural resources make these indigenous peoples have tocollaborate with local entrepreneur through  profit-sharing mechanism. Along with this partnerships,  they are losing the livelihood resources that have so far sustained their survival and  they are also uprooted from the bonds of cultural relations with their land. In other words their sovereignty over the right of forest resources becomes eroded by excessive capitalization by the modern forest industry
Population Fertility As an Evaluation of The Success of Family Planning in Jatisari Village Pakisaji District, Malang Regency
Authors: Budijanto
Published: February 2020

The decrease of fertility and improving public health are the main objectives to improve family welfare. The purpose of this study was to determine the fertility level of Kedampul Hamlet in Petung Sewu Village, Tumpang District, Malang Regency and to evaluate the success of family planning (KB) program of Couples of Reproductive Age (CRA) in that area. This research is a survey research with population of couples of reproductive ages in Kedampul Hamlet. The CRA sampling technique of the respondent is purposive, and interview as the main technique in data collection. The results showed that the fertility rate of CRA is higher in non-acceptor than the acceptor. The fertility of acceptor communities with non-acceptors are based on age of first marriage, span of reproduction period, wife's education, family income and infant mortality. There is a no significant difference in fertility based on the use of contraceptive. However, simultaneously the six independent variables have a significant relationship with fertility for acceptors and non-acceptors CRA. The largest contribution is given by the infant mortality variable and the smallest by the use of contraceptive.
Pembiasaan Peserta Didik dalam Mewujudkan Pendidikan Damai (Peace Education) di Lingkungan Sekolah
Authors: Waldi Atri , Luthfi Zaky Farid , Reinita Reinita
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini menunjukkan pembiasaan yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik SMA Negeri 3 Batusangkar dalam mewujudkan Pendidikan Damai (Peace Education). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Informan dalam penelitian ini diambil melalui wawancara mendalam kepada pihak-pihak yang dinilai dapat memberikan data secara maksimal terkait pendidikan damai yang dilakukan melalui pembiasaan yang dilakukan, seperti peserta didik, kepala sekolah, guru serta orangtua siswa. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembiasaan yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik SMA Negeri 3 Batusangkar dalam mewujudkan Pendidikan Damai (Peace Education) dengan membentuk karakter peserta didik, diantaranya adalah religius, peduli sosial, saling percaya, komunikatif, jujur, peduli lingkungan, toleransi/tenggang rasa, kreatif dan bertanggung jawab. Adapun kegiatan pembiasaan yang dilakukan adalah pembudayaan salam, pembacaan Asmaul Husna dan Tadarus, shalat berjamaah, membawa bekal dari rumah, upacara bendera, muhadharah, kantin kejujuran dan sebagainya. Pembentukan karakter tersebut mengarahkan kepada pencapaian dari tujuan Pendidikan Damai (Peace Education).
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pemerkosaan Terhadap Anak Dibawah Umur Dan Sanksi Yang Diterapkan
Authors: Apriyansa Dwiki
Published: February 2020

Sesuai dengan majunya dan perkembangnya zaman pada saat ini kerap terjadi banyak sekali kejahatan pemerkossan yang dilaukan oleh pelaku yang tidak bertanggung jawab yang dilakukan oleh para orang dewasa terhadap anak yang menjadi korbannya. Tindak pemerkosaan itu didasari oleh beberapa faktor antara lain karena tidak adanya pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh orang tua, terpengaruh oleh pergaulan lingkungan sekitar, pendidikan yang lemah,  arus globalisasi di bidang komunikasi dan informasi, kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. didalam hal ini bagaimana kasus pemerkosaan ini dapat ditanggulangi dan mengurangi tindakan tersebut. 

Tindak pidana perkosaan terhadap anak yang berada di bawah umur yang terjadi di masyarakat Indonesia termasuk perbuatan yang tidakbisa diterima akal sehat dan termasuk dalam bentuk pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dikarenakan merampas kehormatan orang lain dan dalam perbuatan itu dapat merusak moral dan mental korban. Dengan itu Harus diberlakukannya hukum yang tegas agar pelaku yang melakukannya tersebut diberikan sanksi dan hukuman yang sesuai dengan apa yang dilakukan. Didalam hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia sendiri telah ada dan telah dibuat, tetapi hukuman yang diberikan tidak sesuai dengan dengan peraturan yang ada, hukuman tersebut sudah diatur didalam KUHP Pasal 287 dan lebih khusus dalam UU No. 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak, Dalam kasus di Indonesia dalam keputusan  hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana sering kali masih belum sesuai dengan dalam peraturan yang ada dan juga memiliki efek jera terhadap pelaku.
Sistem Pemesanan Parkir Berbasis Mobile
Authors: Lestari Uning , Fatkhiyah Erfanty , Rinaldi Muchamad Rizal
Published: February 2020

Penggunaan  ICT (Information Communication Technology) diberbagai bidang telah berkembang dengan pesat. Salah satunya adalah di bidang layanan perparkiran. Seiring dengan pertumbuhan jumlah kendaraan yang semakin pesat, menyebabkan pertumbuhan yang tidak seimbang antara jumlah kendaraan dengan lahan yang tersedia, hal ini terlihat semakin sempitnya lahan-lahan parkir di setiap tempat-tempat umum. Hal tersebut tersebut menyebabkan pengendara sulit menemukan tempat parkir atau untuk mengetahui ketersediaan ruang parkir (slot parkir) di suatu lahan parkir. Hal tersebut menyebabkan waktu yang tidak efektif  karena pengendara memerlukan waktu yang lama untuk mencari lahan parkir yang masih kosong, sehingga kondisi jalan menjadi semrawut dan tak jarang hal ini menimbulkan kemacetan di jalan-jalan utama. Oleh karena itu informasi tentang ketersediaan ruang parkir menjadi sangat penting bagi pengendara yang akan memarkirkan kendaraannya. Pada aplikasi sistem pemesanan parkir berbasis mobile ini dilengkapi dengan fitur-fitur peta lokasi lahan parkir, informasi ketersediaan slot parkir yaitu Tersedia, Dipesan dan Terisi, pemesanan slot parkir dan fitur untuk administrator parkir yang meliputi monitoring status ketersediaan slot parkir. Dengan adanya sistem aplikasi ini dapat membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan parkir konvensional menjadi sistem parkir yang lebih efektif dan efesien dan menguntungkan banyak pihak yaitu dari pihak pengendara, pengelola parkir dan pengguna jalan yang lain.
POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN JAGUNG PULUT MENDUKUNG DIVERSIFIKASI PANGAN / Potency of Waxy Corn Development to Support Food Diversification
Authors: Suarni Suarni , Aqil Muh. , Subagio Herman
Published: February 2020

The success of staple food diversification can contribute to reduce rice consumption and encouraging national food self-sufficiency. Among food crops commodities, corn provide a potential to support local food based diversification. The type of corn that is preferable by consumer is white/waxy corn. Kernel color of waxy corn consists of white, yellow, purple, and black. Waxy corn can be harvest since the mild stage to anticipate food and malnutrition and make it more superior than other cereals. Corn processed into various products by using traditional, semi-traditional, and food industry products with specific superiority. Waxy corn is currently available in the market such as local varieties and newly released varieties such as Pulut URI-1 and Pulut URI-2. The market opportunity of waxy corn-based products in Indonesia has a more competitive advantage than before due to the change of lifestyle and food dietary. Promotion of waxy corn technologies needs to be done quickly to the related stakeholders including farmers, snacks producers, and businessman of waxy corn-based products to enhance the adoption of this commodity to support food diversification.

Keywords: Waxy corn, food diversification, development

 

Abstrak

Keberhasilan diversifikasi pangan pokok berdampak terhadap pengurangan konsumsi beras sehingga mendorong keberlanjutan swasembada pangan. Salah satu komoditas yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk diversifikasi pangan adalah jagung. Di antara beberapa jenis jagung yang berkembang, jagung pulut disukai oleh banyak konsumen. Jagung pulut memiliki warna yang beragam mulai dari putih, kuning, ungu, hingga hitam. Jagung pulut dapat dipanen muda atau lebih awal sehingga dapat mengantisipasi kerawanan pangan dan gizi. Hal ini menjadikan jagung pulut lebih unggul dibanding komoditas serealia lainnya. Berbagai produk olahan pangan dapat dihasilkan dari jagung pulut, mulai dari tradisional, semi tradisional, dan hingga modern, masing-masing memiliki nilai tambah tersendiri. Varietas jagung pulut telah tersedia, baik lokal maupun varietas unggul baru (URI-1 dan URI-2). Peluang pasar pangan berbasis jagung pulut di Indonesia makin terbuka seiring dengan perubahan gaya hidup dan pola makan konsumen yang mengarah pada hidup sehat. Dalam upaya pengembangan diversifikasi pangan perlu disosialisasikan paket teknologi budi daya dan pengolahan jagung pulut kepada masyarakat luas, terutama petani, pengrajin makanan, dan pebisnis produk pangan.

Kata kunci: Jagung pulut, diversifikasi pangan, pengembangan
PERSPEKTIF PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING CENGKEH MALUKU DENGAN INDEKS KEBERLANJUTAN SISTEM AGRIBISNIS / Perspective of Increasing Maluku Clove’s Competitiveness with Sustainable Index of Agribusiness System
Authors: Santoso Agung Budi
Published: February 2020

Clove is one of the main commodity which known since the 16th century and it was the main reason why imperialist found Maluku as clove resources. In Maluku, clove change society as from era of sultanate, colonialism, and independence era. This paper reviews the clove competitiveness compared to other clove producing provinces in Indonesia after severalepoch, especially reform era. Agribusiness system approach was used to enumerate the competitiveness index in the ten largest clove producing province in Indonesia. Sustainability index was calculated with multidimensional scaling. Clove Maluku occupies high-middle group, means Maluku is one of largest clove producing with sustainability index is middle. The others province in the same group are North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, East Java, and West Java. South Sulawesi is the only one which occupies high-high group. Furthermore, the high-low group consist of Banten, Southeast Sulawesi, North Maluku, and Central Java. Clove competitiveness can increase with enlarging productive plant area and immature plant area, increase productivity and fertilizer distribution, and reduce damaged plant area.

Keywords: Cloves, competitiveness, agribusiness system, sustainability index, multidimensional scaling 

 

Abstrak

Cengkeh merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan yang telah dikenal sejak abad 16 dan menjadi alasan utama mengapa kolonial menemukan Maluku sebagai asal tanaman tersebut. Cengkeh di Maluku mampu mengubah kondisi masyarakat sejak zaman kesultanan, era kolonial, dan era kemerdekaan. Tulisan ini mereview kembali posisi daya saing cengkeh di Maluku dibandingkan provinsi penghasil cengkeh lainnya di Indonesia setelah mengalami beberapa zaman khususnya era reformasi. Pendekatan sistem agribisnis digunakan untuk memberi nilai terhadap daya saing cengkeh di sepuluh provinsi penghasil cengkeh terbesar di Indonesia. Cengkeh di Maluku menempati kelompok tinggi–menengah, yakni kelompok produsen cengkeh tinggi dengan tingkat keberlanjutan sedang. Provinsi lainnya yang berada di kelompok yang sama adalah Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Tengah, Jawa Timur, dan Jawa Barat. Sulawesi Selatan sebagai satu-satunya provinsi yang berada di kelompok tinggi-tinggi. Sedangkan kelompok tinggi-rendah ditempati oleh Banten, Sulawesi Tenggara, Maluku Utara, dan Jawa Tengah. Peningkatan daya saing cengkeh dapat dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan luas tanaman menghasilkan, luas tanaman belum menghasilkan, meningkatkan produktivitas, peningkatan penyaluran pupuk, dan menekan luas tanaman rusak. Kata kunci: Cengkeh, daya saing, sistem agribisnis, indeks keberlanjutan, multidimensional scaling 
Modelo de impacto orçamentário da aplicação do single embryo transfer consecutivo comparado com o double embryo transfer em tratamentos de fertilização in vitro no Sistema de Saúde Suplementar
Authors: Lakryc Eli , Rodrigues Rodrigo , Panovyk Danylo , Monteleone Pedro , Motta Eduardo
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Estimar o impacto orçamentário em cinco anos da incorporação da técnica de SET (single embryo transfer) sequencial no Sistema de Saúde Suplementar brasileiro (SSSB). Métodos: Foram consideradas taxas de nascidos vivos de 41% e de gemelaridade de 2% e 30% para SET e DET (double transfer embryo), respectivamente. Os custos dos procedimentos foram, em sua maioria, obtidos das tabelas SIMPRO, CBHPM e CMED. Para a estimativa da população elegível, foram consideradas mulheres de 20 a 35 anos registradas no Datasus e taxas de infertilidade e de uso de fertilização in vitro (FIV) da literatura. Estimou-se em 20% e 80% o uso de SET sequencial e DET, respectivamente, com incorporação da primeira em 45%, 50%, 55%, 65% e 75% dos casos nos cinco anos subsequentes. Resultados: Considerando cenários com reembolso de um a dois ciclos de SET sequencial e inclusão ou não do valor dos medicamentos, o impacto orçamentário em cinco anos seria entre R$ 10.231.387 e R$ 16.123.874 em operadoras de grande porte, R$ 1.054.174 e R$ 1.661.297 em operadoras de médio porte e R$ 173.700 e R$ 273.738 em operadoras de pequeno porte. Em cenário com aumento progressivo do uso de SET sequencial sem alteração no modelo de reembolso atual, foi estimada economia de R$ 59.319.276 para o SSSB em cinco anos. Conclusões: O uso de SET sequencial (vs. DET) em procedimentos de FIV é potencialmente menos oneroso para o SSSB referente a custos de pré-natal, parto e complicações. Em cenário de incorporação progressiva, o custo incremental foi estimado em R$ 8-13 mil/paciente.
Phytochemical and comparative transcriptome analyses reveal different regulatory mechanisms in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathways between Matricaria recutita L. and Chamaemelum nobile L.
Authors: tai yuling , Hou Xiaojuan , Liu Chun , Sun Jiameng , Guo Chunxiao , Su Ling , Jiang Wei , Ling Chengcheng , Wang Chengxiang , Wang Huanhuan , Pan Guifang , Si Xiongyuan , Yuan Yi
Published: February 2020

Background Matricaria recutita (German chamomile) and Chamaemelum nobile (Roman chamomile) belong to the botanical family Asteraceae. These two herbs are not only morphologically distinguishable, but their secondary metabolites – especially the essential oils present in flowers are also different, especially the terpenoids. The aim of this project was to preliminarily identify regulatory mechanisms in the terpenoid biosynthetic pathways that differ between German and Roman chamomile by performing comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Results We determined the content of essential oils in disk florets and ray florets in these two chamomile species, and found that the terpenoid content in flowers of German chamomile is greater than that of Roman chamomile. In addition, a comparative RNA-seq analysis of German and Roman chamomile showed that 54% of genes shared >75% sequence identity between the two species. In particular, more highly expressed DEGs (differentially expressed genes) and TF (transcription factor) genes, different regulation of CYPs (cytochrome P450 enzymes), and rapid evolution of downstream genes in the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway of German chamomile could be the main reasons to explain the differences in the types and levels of terpenoid compounds in these two species. In addition, a phylogenetic tree constructed from single copy genes showed that German chamomile and Roman chamomile are closely related to Chrysanthemum nankingense. Conclusion This work provides the first insights into terpenoid biosynthesis in two species of chamomile. The candidate unigenes related to terpenoid biosynthesis will be important in molecular breeding approaches to modulate the essential oil composition of Matricaria recutita and Chamaemelum nobile.
Tumor Mutational Burden is Associated with Poor Outcomes in Diffuse Glioma.
Authors: Luo Tao , Wang Lihong , Ge Jia , Lan Yang , Shi Yu , Luo Ying , Tan Yuhuan , Liang Mei , Deng Song , Zhang Xia , Wang Wenying , Tan Yaoyao , Xu Yuanyuan
Published: February 2020

Background: Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a potential biomarker for immune checkpoint therapy and prognosis. The impact of TMB on clinical outcomes and the correlation coefficient between exome sequencing and targeted sequencing in glioma have not yet been explored.
Methods: Somatic mutations in the coding regions of 897 primary gliomas and the clinical and RNA-seq data of 654 patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed as a training set, while another 286 patients in the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database were used for validation. Descriptive and correlational analyses were conducted with TMB. Enrichment map analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were also performed.
Results: TMB was higher for the group of mutant genes that are frequently mutated in glioblastomas (GBMs) and lower for the group of mutant genes that are frequently mutated in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Patients with a higher TMB exhibited shorter overall survival. TMB was associated with grade, age, subtype and mutations affecting genomic structure. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that TMB was an independent prognostic factor for glioma. The signaling pathways of the cell cycle were enriched in the TMB High group. TMB was higher in the mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutant group than in the wild-type group, but the MMR pathway was enriched in the TMB High group of gliomas without mutations in classical MMR genes. The correlation between TMBs calculated through exome sequencing and targeted sequencing was moderate, and panel-based TMB was not correlated with prognosis.
Conclusions: TMB is associated with poor outcomes in diffuse glioma. The high proliferative activity in the TMB High group could account for the shorter survival of these patients. This association was not reflected by a pan-cancer targeted sequencing panel.
Risk factors for poor treatment outcomes of 2,266 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in Ho Chi Minh City: a retrospective study
Authors: Van Le Hong , Phu Phan Trieu , Vinh Dao Nguyen , Son Vo Thanh , Hanh Nguyen Thi , Nhat Le Thanh Hoang , Lan Nguyen Huu , Vinh Truong Van , Trang Nguyen Thi Mai , Ha Dang Thi Minh , Thwaites Guy , Thuong Nguyen Thuy Thuong
Published: February 2020

Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a serious public health problem with poor treatment outcomes. Predictors of poor outcomes vary in different regions. Vietnam is among the top 30 high burden of MDR-TB countries. We describe demographic characteristics and identify risk factors for poor outcome among patients with MDR-TB in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the most populous city in Vietnam.Methods: This retrospective study included 2,266 patients who initiated MDR-TB treatment between 2011-2015 in HCMC. Treatment outcomes were available for 2,240 patients. Data was collected from standardized paper-based treatment cards and electronic records. A Kruskal Wallis test was used to assess changes in median age and body mass index (BMI) over time, and a Wilcoxon test was used to compare the median BMI of patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Chi squared test was used to compare categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression with multiple imputation for missing data was used to identify risk factors for poor outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using R program.Results: Among 2,266 eligible cases, 60.2% had failed on a category I or II treatment regimen, 57.7% were underweight, 30.2% had diabetes mellitus and 9.6% were HIV positive. The notification rate increased 24.7% from 2011-2015. The treatment success rate was 73.3%. Risk factors for poor treatment outcome included HIV co-infection (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.94), advanced age (aOR: 1.45 for every increase of 5 years for patients 60 years or older), having history of MDR-TB treatment (aOR: 5.53), sputum smear grade scanty or 1+ (aOR: 1.47), smear grade 2+ or 3+ (aOR: 2.06), low BMI (aOR: 0.83 for every increase of 1kg/m2 of BMI for patients with BMI<21).Conclusion: The number of patients diagnosed with MDR-TB in HCMC increased by almost a quarter between 2011-2015. Patients with HIV, high smear grade, malnutrition or a history of previous MDR-TB treatment are at greatest risk of poor treatment outcome.