bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La transformación del complejo minero Zollverein: un híbrido entre la ciudad difusa y lineal.
Authors: Davids Chambre Rene Carlos
Published: May 2020

Resumen: El aumento del desarrollo de las fuentes de energía renovable y las importaciones de bajo costo han eliminado la necesidad de la producción alemana de carbón. En 1986 la minería en el complejo Zollverein de Essen, Alemania que fuera en 1932 uno de los más avanzados del mundo, había cesado de funcionar.  Para promover la renovación urbana y ecológica de las antiguas zonas industriales y mineras contaminadas, el gobierno estatal de Renania y Westfalia del Norte- lanzó en 1989 un concurso (Internazional Bauaustellung BA), que desarrolló una política progresista de conservación y restauración y un programa de paisajismo de bajo mantenimiento. Junto a los edificios industriales  modernistas los esfuerzos de IBA le aseguraron  al complejo Zollverein un lugar en la lista del patrimonio mundial de la humanidad (UNESCO 2001). A pesar de que el trabajo ha sido ampliamente publicado y halagado por los esfuerzos de conservación, las lectura urbanas del conjunto no ha llamado mayormente la atención. Esta ponencia postula que al unir a través un bulevar (que solía ser una línea férrea) trés nucleos urbanos de alta densidad rodeados de paisaje, como una especie de puente uniendo las islas de un archipiélago, el complejo Zollverein actual presenta una propuesta de gran interés urbano;. al proponer núcleos densos en forma discontinua y rodeados por paisaje, el ex-centro minero sugiere un propuesta híbrida entre ciudad lineal tradicional y una entidad difusa y extendida.
Redensificación y cooperativismo como instrumentos para la regeneración urbana sostenible de barrios vulnerables en Madrid
Authors: González Francisco Javier , Moreno Soriano Susana , Márquez Martinón José Miguel
Published: May 2020

Hasta la crisis financiera de 2008, la regeneración urbana en barrios vulnerables de Madrid se basaba en la inversión pública, que asumía entre el 60 y el 70 % de los costes de rehabilitación de las viviendas. A partir de 2008, esta inversión pública se retrae y la población se empobrece. En estas circunstancias, un modo de hacer viable estas intervenciones es utilizar recursos económicos locales, implícitos en el propio proceso de regeneración. Entre estos recursos se encuentra el aumento de edificabilidad, tradicionalmente asociado a modos de producción expansiva de la ciudad y a su planificación. Ahora bien, la redensificación ha de ser utilizada respondiendo a nuevos criterios: ¿cuál es el crecimiento mínimo necesario para hacer viable la regeneración urbana sostenible?, ¿cómo evaluar que estemos ante un proceso desarrollado con criterios de sostenibilidad?, y, por último, ¿cómo asegurar que la plusvalía generada se utiliza en la rehabilitación de las viviendas existentes? Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que pretende responder a estas cuestiones, tomando como caso el barrio del Aeropuerto en Madrid. Se han propuesto tres escenarios de intervención que implican incrementos de la edificabilidad, considerando las necesidades de rehabilitación energética de las viviendas existentes, y se han evaluado con indicadores de sostenibilidad urbana, fácilmente aplicables desde la administración local. De todo ello se deduce que la redensificación puede ser parte de una estrategia sostenible. Por último, se discute la necesidad de gestión público-privada considerando las cooperativas vecinales de regeneración urbana para redistribuir los beneficios producto de la redensificación.
La red de transporte masivo como soporte del sistema de espacios abiertos metropolitanos. Caso de estudio: La Línea 2 del Metro de Lima.
Authors: Lopez varela Susana , Moreno Sanz Joan
Published: May 2020

El modelo de desarrollo urbano disperso y monofuncional, ha incrementado la movilidad urbana y la dependencia de sistemas de locomoción individuales, generando externalidades negativas ambientales y sociales: contaminación atmosférica, fragmentación de los espacios abiertos, desigualdad social, etc. La planificación urbana orientada a la movilidad sostenible es uno de los retos del desarrollo urbano futuro. La promoción de sistemas de transporte masivo en entornos urbanos densos y mixtos, debería contribuir, no sólo a mejorar la eficiencia de las redes de transporte y a reducir el impacto de la movilidad, sino también a ayudar a estructurar un sistema de espacios abiertos metropolitanos. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal evaluar el papel de la red de transporte público masivo, como vertebrador de un sistema de espacios abiertos físicamente conectados y socialmente inclusivos. Como caso de estudio se ha tomado la nueva Línea 2 del Metro de Lima, actualmente en ejecución, y como insumo para la definición del sistema, el Plan de Espacios Abiertos e Infraestructura Ecológica en Lima (PEAIE). La complementariedad entre ambos podría contribuir a mejorar la conectividad ambiental y la inclusión social en los nuevos espacios abiertos asociados al proyecto. Metodológicamente se evaluarán, a partir de la definición de indicadores, las variables de conectividad, calidad ambiental e inclusión social de los espacios abiertos de Lima en relación a la nueva Línea 2 del Metro. En conclusión, la planificación urbana integrada y orientada al transporte masivo permitiría redefinir el papel de los espacios abiertos como un sistema interconectado, accesible e inclusivo.
Estrategias de intervención pública en la regeneración urbana: el caso de Ciutat Vella (Valencia, E)
Authors: Mifsut García César Damián
Published: May 2020

El centro histórico de Valencia -Ciutat Vella- fue objeto de diversas intervenciones de regeneración desde los años 90 del siglo XX con la implicación y tutela directa de la adminsitración pública. El gran deterioro alacanzado a final de los años 80 propició el acuerdo de un convenio de colaboración, denominado Plan RIVA, firmado entre las administraciones municipal (Ayuntamiento) y regional (Generatlitat Valenciana) para detener la degradación y destrucción de amplias áreas del centro histórico. El plan proponía la recuperación del patrimonio urbano y arquitectónico de Ciutat Vella de lo que parecía una imparable destrucción, estableciendo una inicial estrategia de intevención centrada en la regeneración del tejido urbano que se plasmaría en diversos planes especiales de protección por barrios. Si bien con diferente definición formal, las propuestas plantearon una actualización de los viejos espacios de la ciudad con una sistemática de intervención urbano-arquitectónica que pronto se vió afectada por la publicación de una nueva ley autonómica de patrimonio. La nueva protección del espacio público resultó mucho más restrictiva, y dejó sin aplicación amplias zonas de la ordenación pormenorizada de esos planes, muchas de cuyas ya comenzadas. En este artículo se analiza tanto la estrategia general de intervención en el conjunto urbano protegido de Ciutat Vella, como la redefinición detallada de algunos espacios públicos. Muchas de las nuevas ordenaciones urbanísticas de regeneración suponen ejemplos de una intervención respetuosa centrada en la lectura del lugar como escena urbana y como nuevas alineaciones que tiene en cuenta el parcelario histórico objeto de intervención.
Los datos abiertos como herramienta de aproximación a los parámetros de la morfología urbana. Caso de estudio: densidades urbanas en la Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: Barros Guerton Javier , Ezquiaga Domínguez José María
Published: May 2020

La densidad es un parámetro central en el análisis y la regulación de los procesos urbanos; no obstante, su análisis se ha visto históricamente dificultado por la escasez de datos detallados y actualizados. La planificación urbanística ha trabajado habitualmente sin contar con datos precisos sobre densidades edificadas, y con datos con niveles bastante altos de agregación en demografía y, sobre todo, empleo; el uso de nuevas fuentes de datos abiertos permite superar esta situación. El Catastro estatal español aporta una fuente valiosa para el estudio de la intensidad edificatoria como soporte físico de la densidad social, que a su vez se beneficia de una mayor frecuencia y detalle en la publicación de sus datos. En un trabajo sobre los datos abiertos del conjunto de la Comunidad de Madrid, una región con 6,5 millones de habitantes, se propone el análisis a través de SIG de las interrelaciones entre cuatro parámetros de densidad: edificatoria, de vivienda, poblacional y de ocupados en actividades económicas. La metodología empleada permite identificar tipologías de espacios urbanos que tienen potencial operativo de cara a la planificación. La investigación se inscribe en una secuencia centrada en la ciudad de Madrid, para la que el presente artículo aportará una contextualización territorial en la que los límites administrativos pierden importancia para facilitar la identificación de dinámicas de alcance metropolitano.
Sistemas de Polinúcleos Sostenibles (SPS). Estrategias de Redensificación de Desarrollos Urbanos Lineales: La Manga del Mar Menor.
Authors: Mínguez Martínez Enrique , Maestre Celdrán David , Doménech García Ana Isabel
Published: May 2020

El futuro de nuestras ciudades se determinará por los procesos de regeneración y mejora del tejido urbano, proponiendo nuevos patrones que favorezcan una transformación hacia nuevos modelos urbanos equilibrados. «La ciudad compacta, multicéntrica, de usos mixtos, que favorece el andar, ir en bicicleta y el transporte público, es la forma urbana más sostenible. Una ciudad compacta, conectada y bien diseñada es una estructura flexible que relaciona las partes con el todo» [Rogers, 1999]. Para conseguir estos objetivos, es necesario desarrollar nuevos modelos de planificación que permitan coordinar y analizar los diferentes factores de influencia urbana. El Sistema de Polinúcleos Sostenibles consigue, apoyándose en distintas estrategias urbanas pasivas, conformar una herramienta que permite un análisis comparativo de las distintas opciones de mejora para un entorno, contrastando su posible repercusión en la regeneración urbana, facilitando el camino hacia una nueva ciudad compacta. «La tarea es promover la vida urbana de los ciudadanos, alojados -esperémoslo- en concentraciones lo bastante densas y diversas como para ofrecerles una sólida oportunidad de desarrollar la vida urbana. » [Jacobs, 2011]. La Manga del Mar Menor, entorno con un incuestionable atractivo paisjístico y climático, presenta un desarrollo urbanístico desordenado basado en una explotación económica inmediata. La estrategia de redensificación polinuclear aplicada a La Manga del Mar Menor, supondría la oportunidad de una recuperación urbana, corrigiendo los defectos del modelo de crecimiento actúal, así como crear las condiciones propicias para un tipo de desarrollo más sostenible e integrador tanto a nivel físico como social, garantizando la supervivencia del ecosistema.
Sistema de ciudades medias y aglomeraciones urbanas andaluzas frente al futuro.
Authors: Arias Sierra Almudena
Published: May 2020

Andalucía, situada al Sur de España, como estratégica charnela de unión entre el Mediterráneo y el Atlántico, entre Europa y África, es una región de antigua urbanización, cuya tradicional estructura policéntrica e importante y representativo nivel intermedio de poblamiento (municipios entre 10.000 y 100.000 habitantes), son entendidos como capital territorial de  gran valor. Esta estructura policéntrica ha pervivido bajo una concepción provincialista con fuerte arraigo de casi dos siglos. El Plan de Ordenación Territorial de Andalucía (POTA), apostó abiertamente por un modelo de ciudad compacta, versión física de la ciudad mediterránea, permeable, diversificada, y consolidó también un modelo territorial de un nivel jerárquico superior constituido por diez Centros Regionales (8 capitales provinciales, Jerez y Algeciras). De este modo, además de una discutida visión igualitaria de la jerarquía urbana superior, correspondiente a aglomeraciones urbanas muy disímiles entre sí, plantea la potencialidad de un sistema de ciudades medias urbanas como la verdadera oportunidad andaluza que permita emerger a la región en el contexto europeo e internacional. Así, fenómenos urbanos de gran interés en el interior (redes de ciudades medias de la Vega, Sur de Córdoba) y en el litoral (agroindustria poniente, Costa del Sol-Occidental, Aglomeración Urbana de Málaga) están mostrando una nueva vitalidad de las ciudades medias que merecen una especial atención. Trataremos de hacer balance de respuestas dada hasta ahora respecto a la estrategia territorial andaluza del POTA, al impulso de nuevos objetivos como el respeto al funcionamiento de los territorios, las ciudades y los pueblos como sistema, destacando también, en el contexto del debate entre difusión y compacidad, el papel desempeñado por la gran extensión de territorio andaluz ambientalmente protegido y/o implicado en la producción agropecuaria.
La rehabilitación del suelo industrial. Herramientas de ordenación y gestión en la Comunidad Valenciana.
Authors: Esteve Aguado Carlos , Cano Hurtado Juan Jaime , García Martínez Adrián , Escoms Martínez Ana Isabel
Published: May 2020

En la actualidad la dinámica de las ciudades ha provocado un importante giro hacia la rehabilitación urbana en todos sus aspectos. Desde la aprobación de la conocida com Ley de las 3R (Ley de Regeneración, Rehabilitación y Renovación Urbana) y su posterior incorporación al Texto Refundido de la Ley del Suelo y Rehabilitación Urbana, los procesos urbanísticos en las ciudades están pasando de modelos centrados en la expansión hacia modelos centrados en la rehabilitación del suelo urbano consolidado. La aplicación de los intrumentos de ordenación y gestión de actuaciones urbanísticas de rehabilitación de suelo urbano está enfocada hacia el uso residencial, tanto en la legislación estatal como en la autonómica en el caso de la Comunidad Valenciana. Las particularidades del suelo industrial consolidado hacen que la normativa resulte de difícil aplicación al suelo con este uso predominante. Por otro lado, en la Comunidad Valenciana se ha aprobado recientemente la Ley de Gestión, Modernización y Promoción de Áreas Industriales de la Comunidad Valenciana que establece en esencia mecanismos para valorar la calidad de las áreas industriales e incorpora las entidades de gestión de áreas industriales, las cuales funcionarán de forma parecida a las comunidades de propietarios establecidas en la Ley de Propiedad Horizontal. Se pondrá especial atención a la relación existente entre las herramientas que ofrecen las leyes de suelo y urbanísticas y la reciente ley sobre áreas industriales de la Comunidad Valenciana, tratando de establecer los aspectos que, dada su falta de definición, se deberían establecer en el desarrollo reglametario de dicha Ley de manera que los requisitos establecidos en la misma lleguen a tener carácter de estándares urbanísticos.
Museo Urbano: Planteamiento conceptual que integra la conexión, exposición e interacción con material cultural en espacios públicos, en la Avenida Central, San José.
Authors: Rodríguez Cerdas Sofía
Published: May 2020

Museo Urbano, es un planteamiento conceptual desde el cual se logra entender el espacio público como un medio dispuesto a conectar, comunicar y gestar las diversas interacciones sociales y múltiples actividades desarrolladas en este, para la puesta en valor de la identidad urbana. Este constructo se ha desarrollado en el marco de la investigación del trabajo final de graduación para optar por el título de Licenciatura en Arquitectura. El trabajo se desarrolló mediante la indagación de referentes teóricos. En primera instancia, se estudió el constructo espacio público como hábitat común, que involucra la confrontación y convivencia humana. Posteriormente se analizó el concepto de museo, con el fin de ser deconstruido, como campo de comunicación entre la gente y su contenido; enfocándolo en el otorgar experiencias como medio social e interactivo. La investigación toma como laboratorio de análisis el eje peatonal de la Avenida Central en San José, Costa Rica, diagnosticando su situación en términos de las dinámicas que allí se gestan. A partir de ello, se desarrolla un plan estratégico que identifica acciones y transformaciones para la visualización del planteamiento en ese eje central de la ciudad de San José. Museo Urbano evidencia escenas y componentes urbanos como relatores de los valores cotidianos de la ciudad y que conducen a entender la cultura como componente intrínseco del espacio público. Es a través de la valoración del espacio público como Museo que se justifica también la necesidad de gestión del mismo, para fortalecer los valores físicos y simbólicos de la ciudad.
Relação entre os dividendos e a classificação de rating de empresas brasileiras
Authors: Forti Cristiano Augusto Borges , Freitas Kellen Silva
Published: May 2020

Este estudo investigou a relação entre a política de dividendos e a classificação de rating das empresas listadas na B3 de 1995 a 2017. Para isto, verificou duas hipóteses. (a) se dentre as empresas possuidoras de rating, as que têm melhor classificação distribuem mais dividendos, e (b) se dentre todas as firmas, as com classificação de rating distribuem mais ou menos dividendos do que aquelas que não a tem. A amostra composta de 330 empresas, das quais 79 possuem rating, foi submetida à análise de regressão pelos modelos GMM, Matching Estimators e Tobit, considerando as variáveis: rating, dividendos divididos pelo Patrimônio Líquido, alavancagem, tamanho e crescimento dos lucros. Como resultado encontrou-se uma relação significante entre a distribuição de dividendos e a classificação de rating. Conclui-se, portanto, que tanto o rating quanto os dividendos, neste estudo, são elementos de sinalização de informações ao mercado.
Long-Term Global Ground Heat Flux and Continental Heat Storage from Geothermal Data
Authors: Cuesta-Valero Francisco José , García-García Almudena , Beltrami Hugo , González-Rouco J. Fidel , García-Bustamante Elena
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Energy exchanges among climate subsystems are of critical importance to determine the climate sensitivity of the Earth's system to greenhouse gases, to quantify the magnitude and evolution of the Earth's energy imbalance, and to project the evolution of future climate. Thus, ascertaining the magnitude and change of the Earth's energy partition within climate subsystems has become urgent in recent years. Here, we provide new global estimates of changes in ground surface temperature, ground surface heat flux and continental heat storage derived from geothermal data using an expanded database and new techniques. Results reveal markedly higher changes in ground heat flux and heat storage within the continental subsurface than previously reported, with land temperature changes of 1 K and continental heat gains of around 12 ZJ during the last part of the 20th century relative to preindustrial times. Half of the heat gain by the continental subsurface since 1960 have occurred in the last twenty years.
Corporate Social Responsibility during the Coronavirus Pandemic: An Interim Overview
Authors: Marom Shaike , Lussier Robert N.
Published: May 2020

The Coronavirus outbreak caught the world by surprise, spreading like wildfire and causing fatal illness to many. The ongoing pandemic and its implications have led to severe global socioeconomic disruption, halting most regular activities. Coping with the pandemic and its horrible consequences required to pull together all resources and unite efforts by individuals, organizations and governments. Businesses have embarked on an effort to support coping with the pandemic in various ways, as aligned with the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The article reviews the various ongoing CSR efforts in the fight against the Coronavirus pandemic, serving better understanding on best CSR practices at times of crisis and in the afterwards ‘new normal’.
Community Experiences in the use of Modified Taungya System for Restoring Degraded Forests and Improving Livelihoods in Ghana
Authors: Appiah Mark , Yeboah Badu , Yeboah Mary Agyemang , Danquah Jones Abrefa
Published: May 2020

Using the Modified Taungya System (MTS) to establish plantations has been identified as one of the important strategies required to meet the demand for wood resources in Ghana. The MTS is a forest management approach in which farmers are given lands within degraded forest reserves to inter-plant food crops with trees, and further nurture the trees into maturity under specified roles and benefit sharing agreements. This study evaluated the MTSs and management approach based on the following sustainability criteria: recognition of gender role in agroforestry development, contribution of the systems to poverty reduction, and contribution of the systems to the improvement in productive and protective functions of agriculture. The systems were established in degraded portions of the Pamu-Berekum Forest Reserve, Ghana in 2000. Data were collected in 2016 through personal interviews of 40 farmers selected from three communities living close and around the forest reserve. It is clear from the result that women participation in the project activities is significant and may have contributed to the reported successful outcome. More than a decade after the establishment of these plantations, there is evidence that the non-timber forest products, (e.g. fuelwood, medicine) generated from practising MTS have had a signiﬁcant impact on the community livelihood with significant changes in annual income. Also, the farms clearly have many trees surviving that have economic, social, and ecological signiﬁcance. The MTS, indeed, has the potential to support biodiversity recovery within degraded forest reserves in Ghana as well as to improve the livelihoods of farmers.
Could Demographic Variables Impacting the Relationship Between HRM Practices and Employee Loyalty? A Meta-Analysis Review
Authors: Alsaiari AbdulQader , Puteh Fadilah , Mohamed Ali Abdul Jalil
Published: May 2020

This paper aims to ascertain theoretically and empirically if there is any impact of demographic variables on the relationship between HRM best practices and employee loyalty. This paper discussed specific demographic variables namely gender, age, nationality, job experience, and job level. Theoretically, a meta-analysis review was used to cross validated literature review in the area of research. Number of relevant articles derived from several databases were reviewed to validate the impact.  Based on extensive meta-analysis approach, the majority of prior literature illustrated that demographic variables had a significant impact on the relationship between HRM practices and employee loyalty. Previous literatures as well explained that, there are no differences between male and female employee in terms of loyalty, the older employees are more loyal than the younger employees, and the citizens are more loyal than the expatriates. Furthermore, literature pointed that, the longer the employee's years of experience, the more loyalty to the organization as well as the higher the level of the employees’ career, the more loyal they have. Empirically, to check the results achieved in meta-analysis review, a quantitative approach was adopted through the questionnaires that were distributed to 52 employees in the largest 14 logistics companies in Oman. Data were analysed using SPSS, as the regression analysis was used to find whether there is any impact of demographic variables on the relationship between HRM practices and employee loyalty. The results illustrated that gender had no impact on the relationship between HRM practices and employee loyalty. While, age, nationality, job experience, and job level had a significant impact on the relationship between HRM practices and employee loyalty. As past studies depicted the impact of demographic variables on HRM practices and employee loyalty, this paper recommends future research to investigate the impact of demographic variables as moderating variables on the relationship between HRM practices and employee loyalty.
Relationship Between Personnel Management And Students’ Academic Performance in Ondo State Public Secondary Schools, Nigeria
Authors: Olufunmilola Olorunsola Edith
Published: May 2020

This study examined the extent of personnel management and the level of academic performance of secondary schools’ students in Ondo State. The study also examined the relationship between personnel management and academic performance of students. The study adopted the descriptive research design of the survey type. The population of the study consisted of 16,563 public secondary school teachers in 304 public secondary schools in Ondo state. The sample comprised 900 teachers selected from 36 secondary schools in Ondo State using multistage sampling procedure. Two sets of instruments tagged personnel management questionnaire (PMQ) and an inventory on Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination Result (ISSCER) were used for the study. The two instruments were validated by experts in Educational management and Test and Measurement to determine the appropriateness in order to ensure the face and content validity of the instrument.  Test retest method of reliability was used to ascertain the reliability of the PMQ and a reliability coefficient of 0.81 was obtained. The research questions were answered using frequency count and percentage score while Pearson Product Moment correlation was used to test the hypothesis. The findings revealed that the level of personnel management in Ondo State was moderate and academic performance of students in Ondo State was fair. It was recommended that teachers should be motivated through prompt payment of salaries, promotion as and when due and other welfare packages should be paid in order to enhance good academic performance of secondary school students in Ondo State.
Application of Communicative Language Teaching Approach in the Preparatory Program of Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Tawfiq Hatim Hassan
Published: May 2020

This study is based on communicative language teaching perceptions that learners have toward CLT communicatively based lectures at the preparatory program of Shaqra university. The Problem of concern is to assure that CLT approach is truly practiced. Presuppositions assumed are concerned with students’ belief about efficiency of CLT approach to help acquiring an outstanding communicative competence when learning a new language and the lecturers’ assumption that CLT is an ideal approach for teaching a new language. The study uses a questionnaire constructed to extract perceptions toward practices of CLT approach from students and lecturers. The Findings of the study show that students learn a new language effectively when it is used as a vehicle for doing something such as greeting, requesting, giving, and apologizing. Overall, students think that communication is an important skill and teachers have faith in CLT as a perfect approach enhancing students’ communication skill. It is recommended in the study that teachers had better employ CLT approach to enhance communication and that students had better make communication main objective for learning a new language. The study suggests for further studies areas of controversial issues concerning priority of grammatical accuracy to communicative accuracy when learning a new language.
Scaling up and rolling out through the Web
Authors: Hagen Niclas
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this paper is to investigate online public participation and engagement in science through crowdsourcing platforms. In order to fulfil this purpose, this paper will use the crowdsourcing platform Zooniverse as a case study, as it constitutes the most prominent and established citizen science platform today. The point of departure for the analysis is that Zooniverse can be seen as a “platformization” of citizen science and scientific citizenship. The paper suggests that the mobilisation of individuals who participate and engage in science on the Zooniverse platform takes place through an epistemic culture that emphasises both authenticity and prospects of novel discoveries. Yet, in the process of turning “raw” data into useable data, Zooniverse has implemented a framework that structures the crowd, something that limits the sort of participation that is offered on the platform. This limitation means that the platform as a whole hardly be seen as fostering a more radical democratic inclusion, for example in the form of a co-production of scientific knowledge, that dissolves the institutional borders between scientists and non-professional volunteers.
“Best before, often good after”
Authors: Plasil Tanja
Published: May 2020

In 2018, several Norwegian food producers added a new phrase to date labels of packaged foods: best before (date), often good after. Why and how did they do this? By using two concepts from Actor-Network Theory, translation and script, this article reveals how a seemingly simple addition to a label can reveal underlying issues and policies. This case study sheds light both on how the script of the date label was used to translate UN Sustainable Development Goal 12 about food waste reduction into everyday use and practice and how the date label moved from the domain of food policy making towards the realm of environmental politics.
Book review: The Platform Society
Authors: Bye Tor Anders
Published: May 2020

The Platform Society sets out to understand the role that many of the new digital platforms of our time have come to play in public life and societal organization, and how they have altered (or attempted to alter) social practices and institutions within the countries in which they operate. In the book’s introductory paragraph, the authors – José van Dijck, Thomas Poell and Martijn de Waal – point to terms like “the sharing economy”, “the platform revolution”, and “the gig economy” as attempts to describe the social change that have taken place over the past three decades alongside the transformation of the internet. It is an explicit ambition of the book to examine what role online platforms play in the organization of public values in both American and western European societies, as well as the issue of how public values can be forced upon the ecosystem that these platforms make up between them.
Plan S, Open Access and the potential roles for STS research
Authors: Šimukovič Elena
Published: May 2020

The year 2020 plays a highly symbolic role in the world of academic publishing. As the beginning of a new decade, it featured prominently in various research programmes such as “Horizon 2020”, the framework programme for research and innovation of the European Commission, as well as in numerous roadmaps and development goals in various institutions across the globe. Yet, in the recent past, it has also become a target year in many strategic plans for shifting the business of academic publishing from the prevailing journal subscription model towards full and immediate Open Access.
A Test Case in Ascriptive Realism: The Quest of the Historical Daniel and Its Complex Relationship to the Practices of Scriptural Interpretation
Authors: Briggs Richard S.
Published: May 2020

One productive avenue for locating the best practices for integrating historical and theological exegesis lies along the path of “ascriptive realism,” a shorthand label for a mode of reading informed above all by Hans Frei’s work on Scripture as realistic and history-like narrative. Rather than pursue a full theoretical account of ascriptive realism, I characterize it in broad terms, in relation to concerns over the character of the reader and of the nature of the reality to which the text attests, and then explore a case study. The case study is occupied with what may be called “the quest of the historical Daniel,” and its complex relationship to the practices of scriptural interpretation. Postcolonial readings of Daniel are canvassed for examples of how historical detail may be turned to broader interpretative aims. The goal is to illustrate the kind of framework within which one might locate the best practices for integrating historical and theological exegesis: as a single practice that is irreducibly historical, irreducibly theological, and beholden to informed imaginative inquiry from a range of subdisciplinary perspectives.
Apocalyptic Topography in Mark’s Gospel: Theophany and Divine Invisibility at Sinai, Horeb, and the Mount of Transfiguration
Authors: Davies Jamie
Published: May 2020

For Mark, geography is never just geography; his topographical features have theological significance beyond their roles as narrative settings. This essay considers one such Markan feature, the mountain, from the perspective of his apocalyptic theology. In the apocalypses, the mountain is an axis mundi, a conduit between earth and heaven, and a place of divine self-revelation. This is, of course, a trope also found in the mountaintop encounters of Moses on Sinai and Elijah on Horeb. This essay examines Mark’s transfiguration scene against this theophanic background, suggesting that there is ambiguity in his account that calls into question interpretations of the passage straightforwardly as a theophany. Consideration of Mark’s account in narrative and canonical context suggests that this is an apocalyptic mountaintop theophany, certainly, but one which does not reveal so much as it hides: a “theophany of divine invisibility.” In this connection, Katherine Sonderegger’s most recent contribution to Christian systematic theology is considered. In Sonderegger’s doctrine of God, divine invisibility is not a sign of his absence but the very mode of his omnipresence. Even in mountaintop theophanies, God is the One who hides himself and who is present in his hiddenness. Placed at the intersection of the study of the apocalypses and contemporary Christian systematic theology, therefore, Mark’s comparatively tempered account of the transfiguration can be seen not as evidence of a theologia crucis but an emphasis on non-perception and revelation as the narrative expression of an apocalyptic epistemology.
Refugees, Health Management, and Cultural Influence
Authors: Alfeir Nada
Published: May 2020

Although the magnitude and increase in refugee’s situation are well recognized, information related to their health management remains limited. Mainly, the influence of culture in refugee health management is lacking. This study, therefore, provides a review of fifty previous researches and explores the barriers which impede the quality care of the refugee population. It discusses the health issues through a case study of the International Institute of Akron in Akron, Ohio. Results show that health management for refugees is primarily affected due to language differences, which impacts patient-physician communication, followed by health beliefs, religious beliefs, and patients’ stereotyping and discrimination.
The Evaluation of the Religious Commitment Inventory for Bulgarian Pomak Households
Authors: Satsios Nikolaos , Karamanis Kostas , Galanou Aikaterini , Sotiropoulos Ioannis
Published: May 2020

The aim of the research is to evaluate the Religious Commitment Inventory (RCI-10) on a sample of 400 Bulgarian Pomak households across 5 cities. For this purpose, factor analysis was used in order to confirm the factor structure of the religiosity scale. An interesting aspect assumes that the impact of religiosity on the consumer marketing as well as on the social sciences is especially important. Most significantly, this research demonstrates the universality of the religiosity correlation with socio-demographic factors, such as the place of residence, demonstrating the importance of the religiosity level. The results revealed higher levels of religiosity score in cities populated mainly by Muslims, while lower levels score were observed in cities where a Christian community was also present.
Energy-Qualitative and Sustainable Impacts on Differents Soy Grain Drying Technologies
Authors: Coradi Paulo Carteri , Daí Paulo Vinícius Silva , Oliveira Marília Boff de , Carneiro Letícia de Oliveira , Steinhaus Jonatas Ibagé , Coelho Guilherme Abreu , Müller Amanda , Jaques Lanes Beatriz Acosta , Bellochio Sabrina Dalla Corte , Lutz Éverton , Maldaner Vanessa , Nunes Marcela Trojahn , Padia Claudir Lari , Dutra Arthur Pozzobon , Timm Newiton da Silva
Published: May 2020

The objective of this current paper is to evaluate, in real production scale, the management of soybean batches in the storage unit of harvested grains that are submitted to drying processes with different technologies, such an evaluation can contribute to minimizing energy and qualitative losses, and to ensuring the grain quality and sustainability of the postharvest system. The experiment was realized in full-scale production and the treatments utilized were lots moist soybean crop (SUL), RR dry soybean (SSLRR), RR2 dry soybean (SSLRR2), dried soybean in continuous dryer (SSS1) (11.0%), dried soybean silo-dryer (SSS2) (12.5%), dried soybean in silo aerator (SSS3) (14.0%). Energy losses and grain quality as a function of drying management ranged from 2.5 to 16.4% in energy, from 0.23 to 3.26% in crude protein and 0.15 to 3.05% in oil—the maximum yield of wet soybeans harvested from the crop (SUL) at 17% (w.b.). Considering the annual Brazilian soybean production, energy losses reach up to 162,282.50 m³ of firewood, approximately 2,116,963,470 kg of crude protein and 810,616,800 liters of crude oil. This would ensure lower losses and higher grain quality, including better yield of protein and crude oil, specifically reducing energy impacts by increasing the efficiency of the drying system. The current study concluded that the SSS1 drying system reduces energy-environmental impacts by 80.23%, reduces crude protein losses by 94.73%, and crude oil by 95.08%.
Occurrence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotypes in Uganda and Tanzania (2003 to 2015): A Review and Implications for Prospective Regional Disease Control
Authors: Kerfua Susan D. , Dhikusooka Moses T. , Mulondo Alice L. , Bugeza James , Kabi Fredrick , Gabriel Shirima , Kusiluka Lughano , Ayebazibwe Chrisostom , Cleaveland Sarah , Haydon Daniel T.
Published: May 2020

Endemic foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) presents a global economic challenge to the livestock industry. The progressive control pathway for FMD (PCP-FMD) specifies successive steps through which a country/region can reduce FMD virus circulation and impact. These steps are reliant on understanding and obtaining knowledge on FMD epidemiology, to inform development of appropriate disease interventions like vaccination and quarantine programs. Currently, Uganda and Tanzania are in the early stages of the PCP-FMD.

This review was undertaken to determine FMDV serotype distribution in Uganda and Tanzania between 2003 and 2015. The paper also presents the vaccine strains used in both countries for the same period viz avis the circulating topotypes. The review highlights four (O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2) and five (O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3) serotypes that occurred in Uganda and Tanzania respectively in the thirteen year period. Observations revealed that reported circulating serotypes O and A in the two countries belonged to similar topotypes, East African 2 (EA-2) and AFRICA respectively. The SAT 1 viruses in Tanzania belonged to topotype I and differed from the Ugandan SAT 1s that belonged to topotype IV. Similarly, the SAT 2s in both countries belonged to different topotypes: IV in Tanzania and I in Uganda. This review additionally, underscores the spatial distribution of FMDV serotypes in Uganda and Tanzania and highlights regions in both countries that had high serotype diversity.

The paper recommends definitive disease diagnoses, molecular serotype characterisation and matched vaccination deployment for improved disease control.
Agronomic Performance of Sunflower Hybrids in the Mid-Northern Region of Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Dalchiavon Flávio Carlos , Silva Welington Junior Cândido da , Hiolanda Rosivaldo , Vicari Felipe Rottoli , Carvalho Claudio Guilherme Portela de
Published: May 2020

Helianthus annus L. belongs to the family Asteraceae, with a yearly cycle and high adaptability rate to different climate conditions. Its culture was boosted by the production of animal feed, oil extraction for humans or for biodiesel, ornamentation and bird feed. The agronomic performance of sunflower genotypes in the Mid-Northern region of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, was assessed. Data for the production and industrial sectors will be thus provided for the selection of genotypes with the best agronomic traits when cultivated in the region. Current study was performed at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, on the Campus Campo Novo do Parecis MT Brazil, during 2018. Eight genotypes were evaluated in assays with randomized blocks and four replications. Evaluated traits comprised days for initial florescence, plant height, stalk diameter, green and dry mass, days for physiological maturity, mean diameter of the head, mass of head and achenes per head, both necessary to obtain achene:head ratio, mass of one thousand achenes, number of achenes per head and productivity of achenes of the oil. Genotypes with high grain yield tended towards greater size and cycle. Genotypes SYN 045, BRS 323 and MULTISSOL had good grain productivity plus good production of green and dry mass. The first two genotypes had an oil rate above 40%, with good oil productivity.
Growth and Initial Development of Papaya Plants (Sunrise Solo) in Different Concentrations of Biostimulants
Authors: Barros Bruno Anderson Araujo , Matias Sammy Sidney Rocha , Evangelista Thamyres Yara Lima , Nogueira Mariane Sirqueira , Nunes Thaís Paula Martins , Sousa Gasparino Batista de , Pereira Gustavo Alves
Published: May 2020

The objective of this research was to evaluate the vegetative growth of papaya seedlings, propagated by seeds, regarding the use and application rates of two biostimulants in two types of soil. The experiment was carried out at the State University of Piauí (UESPI)/Campus de Corrente, with papaya (Carica papaya L.) as a research culture, on a screen at 50% brightness. The completely randomized design consisted of four treatments arranged according to the following application doses (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 ml) using the biostimulant Solofull® and Stimulate® via soil, with six replicates per treatment, totaling 24 experimental units. The soil used came from two situations, soil 1 (area in process of degradation, Gilbués—PI) and soil 2 (pasture area, Corrente, PI). At 65 days after sowing, height, stem diameter, number of true leaves, leaf area, height ratio of plants, and stem diameter and root length were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance. The degraded area soil provided the best growth of the aerial part. The types of biostimulants and application doses used in this study did not provide significant differences between treatments.
Does Deep-Underground Storage Stimulate the Germination of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Seed?
Authors: He Yuxin , Liu Chao , Xie Heping , Wang Jingchen , Wang Yang , Zhuang Wenhua , Tan Xiao
Published: May 2020

Agriculture is a crucial area to be considered when exploring and exploiting the use of deep-underground space. We investigated the feasibility of deep-underground seed storage by keeping canola seed in either envelopes or sealed packages at four depths below the Earth’s surface (0, 240, 690, and 1410 m) at a gold mine in northeastern China. We studied the effects of storage depth and duration by conducting germination tests with the stored seed. The results showed that the rate of germination was reduced in seed stored at deeper levels and was also lower at all depths after a more prolonged period of storage. Seeds from sealed packages exhibited better resistance to the deep-underground environment than seeds kept in envelopes. However, measurements of hypocotyl lengths and biomass accumulation revealed that the germination of seeds stored in deep-underground was initially inhibited but recovered well compared with the control as the storage depth increased. The total biomass of the hypocotyl increased as the depth of seed storage deepened, indicating the existence of a compensatory effect on seed germination. The findings suggest that short-term deep-underground storage of seeds in sealed packages would improve the germination performance of cultivated canola in terms of the hypocotyl length and biomass accumulation and might be considered as a pre-sowing strategy.
Rural Public Expenditure and Poverty Alleviation in China: A Spatial Econometric Analysis
Authors: Liu Weilin , Li Jingdong , Zhao Rong
Published: May 2020

In China, one of the most important reducing poverty means is continuous and large-scale public financial investment. This paper investigated the structural differences between rural public expenditure (namely, education, health, social security, infrastructure, living environment) and poverty in 27 provinces of China in 2010-2016 from the spatial econometric perspective. The results showed the structural differences in poverty reduction effects of government spending are very obvious, indicating that expenditures on education, health care, social security and infrastructure have all shown good poverty alleviation effects, while living environment spending has no significant effect on poverty reduction. We further find that government spending not only promote poverty reduction in the region, but also reduce poverty in economically and geographically similar areas, which suggests that future work should look more closely at whether and how the effect of government spending on poverty varies by structure. Thus, the findings established in this paper have significant implications for targeted poverty alleviation measures in China through government spending policies.
Direct Estimation of Maize Leaf Area Index as Influenced by Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Rates in Guinea Savanna
Authors: Berdjour Albert , Dugje Ibrahim Yakamba , Rahman Nurudeen Abdul , Odoom Daniel Asomaning , Kamara Alpha Yaya , Ajala Sam
Published: May 2020

Leaf area index (LAI) plays an important role in radiation capture, crop growth and yield formation. However, there is limited quantitative data on the influence of poultry manure (PM) and NPK fertilizer rate (NPK) on LAI, as estimated directly. Using a split-plot design with three replications, a field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of three PM rate (0, 2 and 4 t/ha) as main plot and three NPK rate (0:0:0, 60:30:30 and 120:60:60 kg N P2O5 K2O/ha) as sub plot, on LAI and maize grain yield. The maize was planted at a density of 106,666 plants/ha; two rows on a ridge, one plant per stand at 75 × 25 cm. Linear regression was used to establish predictive equations among correlated variables and to describe the degree of associations. The application of PM in maize increased (p < 0.05) number of leaves/plant (NL) at 8 and 10 weeks after sowing maize (WASM). NL, leaf area constant at 6 and 10 WASM, leaf area (LA) and LAI were significantly affected by NPK. LAI correlated positively with NL, LA and grain yield. The coefficient of determination between actual and estimated LA was in the range of 0.85-0.97. The PM × NPK interaction was significant on maize grain yield. The results suggest that small-scale maize farmers faced with challenges in obtaining and transporting large quantities of poultry manure can use 2 t PM/ha with either 60:30:30 kg N P2O5 K2O/ha or 120:60:60 kg N P2O5 K2O/ha to increase grain yield of maize.