bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adoption of Color Doppler Ultrasound in the Measurement of Fetal Hypoxia in Late Pregnancy
Authors: Wu Wenying , Zhao Li , Feng Peiming , Wang Xiaoyan , Nie Minghui
Published: October 2020

Objective: In order to improve the detection rate of fetal hypoxia in the third trimester and reduce the probability of adverse pregnancy outcome, color doppler ultrasound (CDU), and contractions were used to assess the severity of fetal hypoxia. Methods: The 61 pregnant
women diagnosed with intrauterine hypoxia in South District of The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from October 2017 to September 2019 were classified as the sick group. Meanwhile, the 61 normal pregnant women were selected as the control group. CDU was used to detect the relevant
indexes of umbilical artery (UA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) in the two groups, including pulse index (PI), resistance index (RI), systolic peak blood flow velocity (S) and diastolic peak blood flow velocity (D). The Apgar scale was used to score neonatal status. According to the score
results, newborns were divided into Apgar ≤ 7 group and Apgar > 7 group. The indexes of UA and MCA were compared between the two groups. The amniotic fluid status of pregnant women was assessed using the contractile stimulation test (CST). The rate of amniotic fluid pollution in pregnant
women and the incidence of neonatal asphyxia were calculated. Pregnant women were grouped according to the CST score. The correlation between CST score and amniotic fluid pollution and neonatal asphyxia in pregnant women was analyzed. Results: First, the index of fetal UA was obviously
higher than that of the control group, while the index of MCA was obviously lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Second, the indexes of fetal UA in Apgar ≤ 7 group were obviously higher than those in Apgar > 7 group, while those in MCA were obviously lower than
those in Apgar > 7 group (P < 0.05). Third, the incidence of amniotic fluid pollution and neonatal asphyxia in low and middle groups of pregnant women was obviously higher than that in high groups (P < 0.01). Conclusion: This indicates that the CDU technology
combined with uterine contraction stimulation experiment can assess the degree of intrauterine hypoxia in the late stage of pregnancy, which provides a feasible scheme for clinical detection of intrauterine hypoxia.
Potential Financial Impact of Incidental Cardiac Pathology Detected During Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Schroeder Carsten , Drevets Peter , Chung Jane M. , Shafer Melissa , Lee Richard , Berman Adam E.
Published: October 2020

Background

Lung cancer screening (LCS) is broadly accepted. Screening also identifies incidental cardiac findings (S findings) that need follow-up. We report the magnitude of the potential downstream revenue generated by appropriate S finding management after 4 years of our free LCS program.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective database and chart review of a single-center free LCS program in the underserved southeast were performed. All patients who were enrolled in the screening required a primary care physician (PCP) as part of the decision-making model. Referrals to cardiac specialists for S findings found on LCS were recorded. Cost analysis was performed to track potential downstream revenue generated for the institution based upon Medicare allowable or Diagnosis-related group calculations.

Results

One thousand one hundred thirty-two scans were reviewed with 262 (23%) yielding positive S findings for 1 or more organ systems. 181/262 (69%) patients had cardiac findings, only 64/181 (35%) of these patients were referred to cardiology specialists by the PCP. The total Medicare billable amount for all cardiac referrals/interventions was $284 379, representing 35% of the potential billable amount of $804 260. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was the highest billable amount at $18 568. Eight percent of the patients undergoing appropriate cardiac evaluation required a PCI. If not for the screening and cardiac specialist referral, this patient group may not have received appropriate cardiovascular diagnosis and treatment.

Discussion

Lung cancer screening also identifies patients with significant cardiac disease, many of whom may not be appropriately referred. Identification and treatment of incidentally noted cardiovascular findings may both improve patient care and justify supporting free LCS programs.
Breast Cancer Surveillance Following Ovarian Cancer in BRCA Mutation Carriers
Authors: Fong Abigail , Cass Ilana , John Catherine , Gillen Jessica , Moore Kathleen M. , Gangi Alexandra , Walsh Christine , Li Andrew J. , Rimel Bobbie J. , Karlan Beth Y. , Amersi Farin
Published: October 2020

BRCA1 or 2 mutations result in higher cancer risk for breast cancer (BC) and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) for carriers than exists in the general population. Optimal breast imaging surveillance in these patients has not been well defined. An Institutional Review Board-approved, multi-institutional retrospective chart review was performed. Patients diagnosed with BRCA-associated EOC between 1990-2015 were identified; demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed. 192 BRCA mutation–positive patients with EOC were identified. 16/192 (8.3%) women were diagnosed with BC following EOC, at a median of 50 (range 5-327) months following EOC diagnosis and median age 59.5 (45-84) years. Breast cancer was most commonly detected on mammogram 7/16 (44%) or clinical exam 7/16 (44%). 2/16 (12.5%) had occult BC found during risk-reducing mastectomy. 14 (88%) had early-stage (0-2) disease. At mean follow-up of 8.1 years, 6 (37.5%) patients with BC following EOC had died due to EOC. The risk of BC diagnosis following EOC in BRCA mutation carriers is low; most of these BCs are early stage and diagnosed with mammography or physical exam. Overall, survival in BRCA mutation carriers is dominated by EOC-related mortality. Breast cancer surveillance in BRCA mutation carriers following EOC should prioritize nonsurgical strategies.
Salivary Raman Spectroscopy: Standardization of Sampling Protocols and Stratification of Healthy and Oral Cancer Subjects
Authors: Hole Arti , Tyagi Gunjan , Deshmukh Atul , Deshpande Raviraj , Gota Vikram , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Krishna C. Murali
Published: October 2020

Minimally invasive cancer detection using bio-fluids has been actively pursued due to practical limitations, though there are better suited noninvasive and online in vivo methods. Saliva is one such clinically informative bio-fluid that offers the advantages of easy and multiple sample collection. Despite its potential in cancer diagnostics, saliva analysis is challenging due to its heterogeneous composition. Recently, there has been an upsurge in saliva exploration using optical techniques. Forms of saliva such as precipitate and supernatant have been monitored, but this sampling method needs to be standardized due to the obvious loss of analytes in processing. In that context, present work details the comparison of four different saliva sampling methodologies, i.e., air-dried, lyophilized, pellet, and supernatant using Raman spectroscopy collected from 10 healthy samples. Composition-driven spectral features of all forms were compared and classified using principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis. Analysis was carried out on all four groups in the first step. In the second step, groups of pellet and supernatant , and air-dried and lyophilized were analyzed. Findings suggest that pellet and supernatant exhibit discrete spectroscopic features and demonstrate high classification efficiency, which is indicative of their distinctive biochemical composition. On the other hand, air-dried and lyophilized forms showed overlapping spectral features and low classification, suggesting these forms retain majority spectroscopic features of whole saliva and are less prone to sampling losses. Thus, this study indicates air-dried and lyophilized forms may be more appropriate for saliva sampling using Raman spectroscopy providing the comprehensive information required for cancer diagnosis. Furthermore, the method was also tested for the classification of oral cancer and healthy subjects ( n = 27) which yielded 90% stratification. The findings of the study indicate the utility of minimally invasive salivary Raman-based diagnostics in oral cancers.
Trade Mis-Invoicing Between India & USA: An Empirical Exercise
Authors: Das Subhasish , Biswas Amit K.
Published: October 2020

India shares its majority of international trade with the United States of America. But a huge amount of discrepancy is frequently observed in the recorded bilateral trade statistics between these two countries. The main reasons are caused by several restrictions prevailing on the account of international trade in India. Export is found to be under-reported consistently whereas import data shows both over and under mis-invoicing in a periodic swing. This paper focuses on the determinants of this data fabrication with the help of empirical exercises. Several macroeconomic policy variables are taken to build up an econometric model and are tested statistically with the help of time series econometrics. Among all, relative interest rate plays the most important role to influence export and import mis-invoicing, followed by spot exchange rate and forward exchange rate. The exercise also finds a uni-directional causal relationship from import mis-invoicing of a period to export mis-invoicing of the next period.

JEL Codes: C10, C13, C61, F13, F14, F21, K42
How ‘matter matters’ for morality: The case of a stock exchange
Authors: Roscoe Philip
Published: October 2020

While matter clearly matters to organization theory, its absence from the study of organizational ethics is striking. Despite the obdurate materiality of the workplace, critical scholarship on organizations and morality sees ethics as interpersonal, subjective and embodied. Organizations, meanwhile, are characterized by moral anomie and dysfunction. This article advances our understanding of the material entanglements of organizational morality, drawing on the science and technology studies inflected study of markets to show how moral orders arise in dialectic between the social and the material. It argues that moral orders are entangled in the material infrastructures of organizations. Its empirical case is the founding and development of a small-company focused stock exchange, OFEX, launched in London in 1995, accessed through elite interviews and documentary work. The article seeks to develop our understanding of morality in critical organization studies, to further defend the Weberian notion of ‘ethics of office’ by emphasizing the sociomaterial dimension of organizational morality, and to contribute to an ongoing renaissance of the study of morality as a sociological phenomenon. There are implications for managers and engaged scholars alike.
States in international organizations: Promoting regional positions in international politics?
Authors: Panke Diana
Published: October 2020

States address many of today’s global problems in international organizations (IOs). At the same time, regional international organizations (RIOs) play important roles in IOs, as a series of case studies suggests. RIO member states can speak on behalf of an RIO in IO negotiations. This paper explores under what conditions states voice RIO positions instead of national ones in IOs and thereby turn into agents of regionalization. Based on a novel dataset of more than 500 international negotiations and a quantitative analysis of theory-guided International Relations hypotheses, this paper shows that states are increasingly likely to negotiate on behalf of an RIO, when they regard grouping positions into regional blocs in IO negotiations as more effective, when they have a formal role as RIO chair, and when they possess financial and staff capacities needed in order to voice a regional position in international negotiations.
Theoretical analysis of the moisture transfer property for polytetrafluoroethylene/polyethylene terephthalate bi-layer complex fabrics
Authors: Zheng Dongming , Zou Haochen , Liu Zhenrui , Shao Qingqing , Du Zhaoqun , Liu Jinkang , Wang Mingxing
Published: October 2020

The main content in the paper aims to characterize the moisture transfer property of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bi-layer complex fabric. Firstly, theoretical analyses of moisture permeability from the moisture transfer cup method and moisture resistance from the moisture resistance method were conducted, and the function between the two indexes was acquired. Results show that there is a negative correlation between moisture permeability and moisture resistance. The higher the moisture permeability of the fabric, the lower the moisture resistance. Then, in order to study relationship between moisture permeability and resistance, several PTFE/PET bi-layer complex fabrics were prepared, and a theoretical model of moisture resistance was constructed by the serial method so as to evaluate the relationship of the moisture transfer property between complex fabric and two components (PTFE film and PET fabric). Comparisons between theoretical and experimental results of moisture resistance of complex fabric were conducted, which demonstrated that the serial model was effective in characterizing the moisture transfer property of complex fabric assembled by membrane and fabric.
Forum on Nicholas J Rengger: Introduction
Authors: Lang Anthony F
Published: October 2020

This piece introduces the Forum on Nicholas J Rengger by focusing on Rengger’s humanist approach to the study of International Relations. It reviews his understanding of theory, tradition, order and war. It locates the contributors’ work in relation to these themes.
Investigating factors associated with bullying utilizing latent class analysis among adolescents
Authors: Liu Jin , Guo Siying , Weissman Rebecca , Liu Hongdou
Published: October 2020

Few studies have been conducted to investigate typologies of perpetration and victimization of traditional and cyber bullying together to develop a risk profile by considering factors from different contexts. National data from the 2009–2010 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study in the United States was utilized for these purposes. Four latent classes were identified: severe bully-victims, moderate bullies, moderate victims and those not involved. Various individual, family, peer and school factors were found to be associated with bullying involvement. The risk profiles developed based on these factors can be used to provide a theoretical background for researchers and practical guides for schools to offer interventions to students, which will benefit adolescent development in the long run.
A Quantitative Synthesis of Intervention Research Published in Flagship EBD Journals: 2010 to 2019
Authors: Garwood Justin D. , Peltier Corey , Sinclair Tracy , Eisel Heather , McKenna John W. , Vannest Kimberly J.
Published: October 2020

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs) could be considered some of the most challenging students to serve in schools. The need for effective interventions for these students is ever-present. To design and implement empirical studies to better inform the field of EBDs, researchers must have a firm understanding of the most up-to-date intervention literature. The purpose of this targeted quantitative synthesis is to create such a knowledge base for the field of EBDs. Results from 55 studies indicate a declining focus on intervention research for students with EBDs in the last 10 years (2010–2019). Of the intervention research available, the quality (40% did not meet What Works Clearinghouse standards) and effectiveness on student outcomes across academic, behavioral, and social skills domains was variable (between-case standardized mean difference [BC-SMD] = 0.13–8.26, Hedges’ g = −0.30 to 1.29). Future directions for the field of EBDs are included.
Ethnolinguistic Vitality, Identity and Power: Investment in SLA
Authors: Clément Richard , Norton Bonny
Published: October 2020

This article concerns the relationship between social context, identity and intergroup relations. It reviews early formulations pertaining to contextual influences and proceeds to examine vitality theory, specifically, ethnolinguistic vitality (EV). The ensuing discussion considers objective aspects of EV such as the demographic representation of a group and delineates multiple influences modulating their impact on intergroup relations. Subjective formulations of EV focusing on how it is perceived are then examined in view of their interaction with intergroup issues such as ideologies, the formation of networks and language loss. While acknowledging the wide conceptual girth of EV, a central intergroup issue remains communication. Following through, issues pertaining to language acquisition are therefore scrutinized as they relate to EV, linguistic identification, and motivation. A parallel is drawn with Bourdeusian approaches, which orient the analysis toward the dynamics of power and investment. Specifically, attention is directed to ideological and identity processes underpinning the learner’s involvement in the learning task. The paper concludes with a discussion of the relevance of the concept of global English as well as the necessity for a framework of contextual factors reaching beyond intrapsychic constructs.
Bombay in the early Nineteenth Century: From the (Almost) lost diaries of Abdul Latif Shushtari
Authors: Tajaldini Jaleh
Published: October 2020

The presence of a curious Iranian in Bombay in 1801–1804 resulted in an unpublished extensive diary, a record containing much valuable data about urban development and business relations in this harbour city. The author’s daily commentary and precise notes, compiled over the first 3 years of the nineteenth century, constitutes an unusual archive from colonial times, providing information about Bombay and its Parsis, as well as the role of Persians in the economy and politics of India under the East India Company (EIC).
Covid-19, The local and the global: Lessons from Kerala
Authors: Choolayil Anoop C. , Putran Laxmi
Published: October 2020

This article offers a cross-sectional exploration of the COVID-19 containment strategy in Kerala and highlights its initial effectiveness in the Kasaragod district, the first to record a second stage transmission in the state with a cluster of cases from 23 March 2020 onwards. Despite its underwhelming healthcare infrastructure, Kasaragod district managed to contain the transmission and record a 100 per cent recovery rate, indicating a promising model of infection control. However, the district subsequently succumbed to community-level transmission when another wave of positive cases of COVID-19 was detected among repatriated overseas citizens on 7 May 2020. The article explores the confluence of elements that allowed the initial successful recovery from a second stage transmission and then examines the factors that later led to community-level transmission. Given the close connections of Kerala to other parts of the world through migration, the article illustrates how precariously the local is now part of the global.
Impact of anti-gravity treadmill rehabilitation therapy on the clinical outcomes after fixation of lower limb fractures: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Henkelmann Ralf , Palke Lisa , Schneider Sebastian , Müller Daniel , Karich Bernhard , Mende Meinhard , Josten Christoph , Böhme Jörg
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To compare the effects of anti-gravity treadmill rehabilitation with those of standard rehabilitation on surgically treated ankle and tibial plateau fractures.

Design:

Open-label prospective randomized multicenter study.

Setting:

Three level 1 trauma centers.

Subjects:

Patients with tibial plateau or ankle fractures who underwent postoperative partial weight-bearing were randomized into the intervention (anti-gravity treadmill use) or control (standard rehabilitation protocol) groups.

Main measures:

The primary endpoint was the change in the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score for ankle fractures and total Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for tibial plateau fractures (0–100 points) from baseline (T1) to six weeks after operation (T4) in both groups. Leg circumference of both legs was measured to assess thigh muscle atrophy in the operated leg.

Results:

Thirty-seven patients constituted the intervention and 36 the control group, respectively; 14 patients dropped out during the follow-up period. Among the 59 remaining patients (mean age 42 [range, 19–65] years), no difference was noted in the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (54.2 ± 16.1 vs. 56.0 ± 16.6) or Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (52.8 ± 18.3 vs 47.6 ± 17.7) between the intervention and control groups 6 weeks after operation. The change in the leg circumference from T1 to T4 was greater by 4.6 cm in the intervention group (95% confidence interval: 1.2–8.0, P = 0.005). No adverse event associated with anti-gravity treadmill rehabilitation was observed.

Conclusion:

No significant difference was noted in patient-reported outcomes between the two groups. Significant differences in muscular atrophy of the thigh were observed six weeks after operation.
Protective effects of edaravone on white matter pathology in a novel mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Feng Tian , Yamashita Toru , Sasaki Ryo , Tadokoro Koh , Matsumoto Namiko , Hishikawa Nozomi , Abe Koji
Published: October 2020

White matter lesions (WMLs) caused by cerebral chronic hypoperfusion (CCH) may contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches have yet to be totally identified. In the present study, we investigated a potential therapeutic effect of the free radical scavenger edaravone (EDA) on WMLs in our previously reported novel mouse model of AD (APP23) plus CCH with motor and cognitive deficits. Relative to AD with CCH mice at 12 months (M) of age, EDA strongly improved CCH-induced WMLs in the corpus callosum of APP23 mice at 12 M by improving the disruption of white matter integrity, enhancing the proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, attenuating endothelium/astrocyte unit dysfunction, and reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The present study demonstrates that the long-term administration of EDA may provide a promising therapeutic approach for WMLs in AD plus CCH disease with cognitive deficits.
Risk Ladder, Table, or Bulleted List? Identifying Formats That Effectively Communicate Personalized Risk and Risk Reduction Information for Multiple Diseases
Authors: Waters Erika A. , Maki Julia , Liu Ying , Ackermann Nicole , Carter Chelsey R. , Dart Hank , Bowen Deborah J. , Cameron Linda D. , Colditz Graham A.
Published: October 2020

Background

Personalized medicine may increase the amount of probabilistic information patients encounter. Little guidance exists about communicating risk for multiple diseases simultaneously or about communicating how changes in risk factors affect risk (hereafter “risk reduction”).

Purpose

To determine how to communicate personalized risk and risk reduction information for up to 5 diseases associated with insufficient physical activity in a way laypeople can understand and that increases intentions.

Methods

We recruited 500 participants with <150 min weekly of physical activity from community settings. Participants completed risk assessments for diabetes, heart disease, stroke, colon cancer, and breast cancer (women only) on a smartphone. Then, they were randomly assigned to view personalized risk and risk reduction information organized as a bulleted list, a simplified table, or a specialized vertical bar graph (“risk ladder”). Last, they completed a questionnaire assessing outcomes. Personalized risk and risk reduction information was presented as categories (e.g., “very low”). Our analytic sample ( N = 372) included 41.3% individuals from underrepresented racial/ethnic backgrounds, 15.9% with vocational-technical training or less, 84.7% women, 43.8% aged 50 to 64 y, and 71.8% who were overweight/obese.

Results

Analyses of covariance with post hoc comparisons showed that the risk ladder elicited higher gist comprehension than the bulleted list ( P = 0.01). There were no significant main effects on verbatim comprehension or physical activity intentions and no moderation by sex, race/ethnicity, education, numeracy, or graph literacy ( P > 0.05). Sequential mediation analyses revealed a small beneficial indirect effect of risk ladder versus list on intentions through gist comprehension and then through perceived risk ( bIndirectEffect = 0.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.04).

Conclusion

Risk ladders can communicate the gist meaning of multiple pieces of risk information to individuals from many sociodemographic backgrounds and with varying levels of facility with numbers and graphs.
Variation in textural parameters of hepatic lesions during contrast medium injection
Authors: Zhang Yi-Hua , Brehmer Katharina , Svensson Anders , Herlin Gunnar , Stål Per , Brismar Torkel B
Published: October 2020

Background

Textural parameters extracted using quantitative imaging techniques have been shown to have prognostic value for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Purpose

To evaluate whether the contrast medium timing of the image acquisition affects the reproducibility of textural parameters in HCC and hepatic tissue.

Material and Methods

This retrospective study included 17 patients with 37 HCC lesions. Perfusion computed tomography (CT) was obtained after 50 mL contrast medium injection. HCC lesions were segmented for analysis. The gray-level co-occurrence (GLCM) textural analysis parameters, homogeneity, energy, entropy, inertia, and correlation were calculated. Variation was quantified by calculating the SD of each parameter during respective perfusion series and the inter lesion variation as the SD among the lesions.

Results

The average change in texture parameters in both HCC and hepatic tissue per second after injection was 0.01% to 0.3% of the respective texture parameter. In HCC, the average variation in homogeneity, energy, and entropy within each lesion after contrast medium injection was significantly less than the variation observed among the lesions (23% to 74%, P < 0.001). Significant differences in energy, entropy, inertia, and correlation between hepatic tissue and HCC were observed. However, when considering the intra-individual variation of hepatic tissue over time, only the HCC parameter energy was significantly outside that 95% confidence interval ( P < 0.02).

Conclusion

The contrast medium timing does not affect the reproducibility of textural parameters in HCC and hepatic tissue. Thus, contrast medium timing should not be an issue at CT texture analysis of HCC.
Two types of lung cancer with situs inversus totalis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Chen Li-Juan , Qiu Xuan , Sun Hui , Xu Peng-Fei , Yin Fa-Ming , Xu Li-Juan
Published: October 2020

Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare congenital anatomical variation. However, patients with SIT combined with cancer are rare and these patients with two types of lung cancer have not been reported. We report here a case of combined lung adenocarcinoma and solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura with SIT and discuss its clinicopathological features and outcomes. A 68-year-old asymptomatic woman was referred to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University because of an abnormal shadow on chest radiography. Computed tomography showed SIT and an irregularly shaped nodule (measuring 38 × 27 mm in diameter) in the pleural area of the left lower lobe and a 5-mm nodule in the dorsal segment of the lower lobe of the left lung. Surgery was then performed. For such patients, we should eliminate anxiety in patients, perform regular reexaminations, focus on the individual features of these patients, and avoid misdiagnosis because of habitual thinking. At the same time, the lymph nodes should be completely removed and different parts of the tumor with different properties should be treated differently according to the situation.
Fibrinolysis is a reasonable alternative for STEMI care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhang Min , Su Huajun , Huang Zhonglue , Lin Yongbo , Zhang Min
Published: October 2020

Objective

No data are available to develop uniform recommendations for reperfusion therapies in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We aimed to fill the evidence gap regarding STEMI reperfusion strategy during the COVID-19 era.

Methods

Clinical characteristics and outcomes for 17 patients with STEMI who received fibrinolysis during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared with 20 patients who received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), and were further compared with another 41 patients who received PPCI in the pre-COVID-19 period.

Results

In patients with STEMI, fibrinolysis achieved a comparable in-hospital and 30-day primary composite end point, as compared with those who received PPCI during the COVID-19 pandemic. No major bleeding was detected in either group. Compared patients with STEMI who received PPCI in the pre-COVID-19 period, we found a remarkable extension of chest pain onset-to-first medical contact (FMC) and FMC-to-wire crossing times, significantly increased number and length of stents, and much worse thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow in patients with STEMI who received PPCI during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion

Owing to its considerable efficacy and safety and advantages in conserving medical resources, we recommend fibrinolysis as a reasonable alternative for STEMI care during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Acculturation and Campus Carry: Examining the Effect of Mexico Versus United States Cultural Orientations on College Students’ Support for Campus Carry
Authors: Updegrove Alexander H. , Luo Fei , Salinas Melissa
Published: October 2020

Several U.S. states have authorized carrying concealed firearms on campuses. These measures are controversial, with support falling along ideological lines. This study examines whether cultural proximity to the U.S., relative to Mexico, influences support for campus carry. Using a random sample of 1,447 college students from two Texas public universities, structural equation modeling results revealed that individuals more oriented toward U.S. culture were more likely to support campus carry than individuals oriented more toward Mexican culture. Besides this direct effect, acculturation also indirectly influenced support for campus carry through public attitudes toward the police. Specifically, individuals more oriented toward the U.S. held more favorable views of the police, which in turn predicted greater support for campus carry. Collectively, these findings suggest that cultural values influence support for public policies such as campus carry.
How Do Family Historians Work with Memory?
Authors: Evans Tanya
Published: October 2020

Drawing on survey data and oral history interviews undertaken with family historians in Australia,England, and Canada this article will explore how family historians construct memories using diverse sources in their research. It will show how they utilize oral history, archival documents, material culture, and explorations of space to construct and reconstruct family stories and to make meaning of the past, inserting their familial microhistories into global macrohistories. It will ask whether they undertake critical readings of these sources when piecing together their families’ stories and reveal the impact of that work on individual subjectivities, the construction of historical consciousness, and the broader social value of family history scholarship. How might family historians join with social historians of the family to reshape our scholarly and “everyday” knowledge of the history of the family in the twenty-first century?
Femoral Head Chondrocyte Viability at the Cam Deformity in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Rogers Miranda J. , Kondo Makoto , Kim Kyungsook , Okano Teruo , Maak Travis G.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Patients with hip pathology, such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) or hip dysplasia, are known to sustain chondral delamination injuries identifiable during hip arthroscopy, with an incidence of 44% to 75%. There are studies focused on understanding acetabular chondral flap viability, but there is a dearth of research regarding the viability of femoral head cartilage overlying the cam deformity in FAI.

Purpose:

To describe the viability and immunohistochemistry staining patterns of femoral head cartilage in the setting of FAI.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Between September 2018 and August 2019, a single surgeon prospectively collected full-thickness femoral cartilage from cam deformities in 14 patients with FAI undergoing osteoplasty. Samples were assessed for viability and underwent immunohistochemistry staining for collagen type I, collagen type II, and aggrecan.

Results:

The data set included 14 patients. Twelve samples were assessed for viability and 14 for immunohistochemistry straining. The mean patient age was 34.1 years, and the mean body mass index was 24.69. Mean ± SD chondrocyte viability per patient was 52% ± 11%. At the time of cell isolation, 8 of the 12 patients had viability >50%, with a maximum of 68.2%. This viability increased after a primary culture period, varying from 9 to 13 days, with 10 of 12 samples having viability >90%. The viability mean after the culture period was 94.54% ± 4.89%. Harvested cartilage showed expressions of type I cartilage, type II collagen, and aggrecan in a pattern that is predictable for native cartilage.

Conclusion:

These data reveal that the cartilage in femoral head cartilage overlying cam deformity—much like that from acetabular chondral flaps—not only has baseline viability >50% (51.99% ± 10.83%) but the ability to increase in viability >90% after a culture period. There may be a role for use of femoral head cartilage as autograft to repair full-thickness cartilage defects of the acetabulum and femoral head, either at the time of osteochondroplasty or after a period of cell culture to improve cell viability.

Clinical Relevance:

A dearth of information is available regarding the viability of femoral head cartilage. This study provides insight into the cartilage viability and response to culture.
Establishing the Minimal Clinically Important Difference, Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State, and Substantial Clinical Benefit of the PROMIS Upper Extremity Questionnaire After Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Haunschild Eric D. , Gilat Ron , Fu Michael C. , Tauro Tracy , Huddleston Hailey P. , Yanke Adam B. , Forsythe Brian , Verma Nikhil N. , Cole Brian J.
Published: October 2020

Background:

The Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Upper Extremity (PROMIS UE) questionnaire has been validated as an effective and efficient outcome measure after rotator cuff repair (RCR). However, definitions of clinically significant outcomes used in interpreting this outcome measure have yet to be defined.

Purpose:

To define clinically significant outcomes of the PROMIS UE questionnaire in patients undergoing arthroscopic RCR.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We reviewed charts of consecutive patients undergoing RCR in our institution between 2017 and 2018 and included patients who were administered the PROMIS UE before surgery and 12 months after surgery. At 12 months postoperatively, patients were asked domain-specific anchor questions regarding their function and satisfaction after surgery, which were then used to determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State (PASS), and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) using receiver operating characteristic and area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify patient factors associated with clinically significant outcomes.

Results:

A total of 105 patients with RCR and minimum 12-month postoperative PROMIS UE were included in the analysis. The defined clinically significant outcomes were 4.87 for the MCID using a distribution-based method, 7.95 for the SCB (sensitivity, 0.708; specificity, 0.833; AUC, 0.760), and 39.00 for the PASS (sensitivity, 0.789; specificity, 0.720; AUC, 0.815). Among respondents, 79.0%, 62.9%, and 64.8% achieved the MCID, SCB, and PASS score thresholds, respectively. Workers’ compensation was negatively associated with achievement of the PASS. Lower preoperative PROMIS UE scores were associated with obtaining the MCID (odds ratio [OR], 0.871; P = .001) and the SCB (OR, 0.900; P = .040), whereas higher preoperative scores were predictive of achieving the PASS (OR, 1.111; P = .020).

Conclusion:

This study defines the clinically significant outcomes for the PROMIS UE after RCR, of which the majority of patients achieved the MCID, PASS, and SCB at 12 months after surgery. These thresholds should be considered in future study design and interpretation of PROMIS UE in patients with RCR.
A missed connection: Löwith and Adorno on progress
Authors: Weisbrod Victor
Published: October 2020

Despite appearing side by side as keynote speakers at a congress in 1962 devoted to the question of progress, Löwith’s and Adorno’s accounts of progress have never been linked. This paper is an attempt to establish this missed connection, to reveal important connections, striking similarities, and a fundamental difference between these two eminent thinkers’ work on progress. For one, Löwith diagnoses the three main problems that Adorno attempts to solve with his dialectical account of progress. Moreover, each is sympathetic towards crucial aspects of the other’s account: Löwith towards Adorno’s claim that progress is dialectical, Adorno towards Löwith’s claim that progress necessarily has a redemptive aspect. A fundamental disagreement nevertheless divides them: whether the problem of suffering in history is part of our ontological condition, or something we must struggle against and overcome through political action. By establishing this missed connection, I hope to show how progress might still have an important role to play in our present-day historical and political consciousness.
CMS Mega-Rule Update and the Status of Pharmacy-Related Deficiencies in Nursing Homes
Authors: Wesson Kathryn W. , Donohoe Krista L. , Patterson Julie A.
Published: October 2020

The scope, frequency, and nursing home characteristics associated with pharmacy-related deficiency citations following the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 2016 “Mega-Rule” update are described. A retrospective analysis of data from Nursing Home Compare and LTCfocus.org was conducted on pharmacy-related deficiencies (including pharmacy services, drug regimen review, unnecessary medications, medication errors, and labeling/storage). The most commonly cited pharmacy-related deficiencies ( N = 11,678) were related to labeling/storage (comprising 25.1% of pharmacy-related deficiencies), unnecessary psychotropic medications (20.5%), and routine pharmacy services (16.8%). In multivariable analysis, nursing home characteristics significantly associated with receiving any pharmacy-related deficiency included less geographic competition (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.68), registered nurse hours (aOR: 0.66), occupancy (aOR: 0.67), for-profit status (aOR: 1.27), and Midwest (aOR: 1.50) or West (aOR: 2.95) location. Given the frequency of pharmacy-related citations and the lack of standardization in pharmacists’ roles in nursing homes, further research is needed to better understand how pharmacist services can affect inspection compliance.
Beverage Advertisement Receptivity Associated With Sugary Drink Intake and Harm Perceptions Among California Adolescents
Authors: Chaffee Benjamin W. , Werts Miranda , White Justin S. , Couch Elizabeth T. , Urata Janelle , Cheng Jing , Kearns Cristin
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

Evaluate associations of adolescents’ beverage marketing receptivity with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) perceived harm and intake.

Design:

School-based cross-sectional health behavior survey.

Setting:

Seven rural schools in California, 2019-2020.

Subjects:

815 student participants in grades 9 or 10.

Measures:

Participants viewed 6 beverage advertisement images with brand obscured, randomly selected from a larger pool. Ads for telecommunications products were an internal control. Receptivity was a composite of recognizing, liking, and identifying the displayed brand (later categorized: low, moderate, high). Weekly SSB servings were measured with a quantitative food frequency questionnaire and perceived SSB harm as 4 levels (“no harm” to “a lot”).

Analysis:

Outcomes SSB intake (binomial regression) and perceived harm (ordered logistic regression) were modeled according to advertisement receptivity (independent variable), with multiple imputation, school-level clustering, and adjustment for presumed confounders (gender, age, screen time, etc.).

Results:

In covariable-adjusted models, greater beverage advertisement receptivity independently predicted higher SSB intake (ratio of SSB servings, high vs. low receptivity: 1.48 [95% CI: 1.15, 1.89]) and lower perceived SSB harm (odds ratio, high vs. low receptivity: 0.59 [0.40, 0.88]). Perceived SSB harm was inversely associated with SSB intake.

Conclusion:

Beverage advertisement receptivity was associated with less perceived SSB harm and greater SSB consumption in this population. Policy strategies, including marketing restrictions or counter-marketing campaigns could potentially reduce SSB consumption and improve health.
‘You never stop learning on the job’: Informal professional development among school business leaders in England
Authors: Armstrong Paul
Published: October 2020

Drawing on empirical data from case study research exploring the working lives and practices of school business leaders in the English school system, this article explores the notion of professional development among this relatively under acknowledged cohort of the school workforce. I adopt the position that professional development must be understood as a multi-dimensional concept constituting both formal and informal processes. It is the latter of these two with which the article is concerned, to illuminate aspects of professional development among school business leaders in England that are often concealed within the everyday interactions and routines of working life and therefore potentially unrecognised and unappreciated as developmental. This article contributes to a burgeoning knowledge base surrounding what seems to be an under-acknowledged constituency of the school workforce, by highlighting the informal ways in which school business leaders enhance their professional development.
Filiation féministe dans Thelma, Louise et moi de Martine Delvaux
Authors: Brassard Léonore
Published: October 2020

Dans Thelma, Louise et moi (2019), un livre inclassable de Martine Delvaux qui voyage entre l’essai et le récit, est explorée une forme singulière de filiation féministe entre la narratrice et les personnages du célèbre film scénarisé par Callie Khouri. Comment penser la présence insaisissable des personnages du film pour la narratrice, elle qui dans son écriture suit le film et tente de prendre une place dans la Thunderbird ? Comment s’inscrire dans une filiation féminine et féministe, après le « saut dans le vide » qui vient sceller la sororité des protagonistes ? Cet article s’attachera à montrer comment Thelma et Louise sont constituées, dans Thelma, Louise et moi, en tant que compagnes de voyage de l’écriture d’abord, puis compagnes spectrales dans le sillage duquel peut avancer la narratrice.
Numerical and experimental investigation of exhaust manifold configurations of turbo-charged diesel engines
Authors: Liu Sheng , Zhuge Weilin , Zhang Yangjun
Published: October 2020

The exhaust energy recovery is significant for engine fuel efficiency. However, the exhaust gas interference and the loss of flow affect the utilization of exhaust energy of multi cylinder turbocharged diesel engine seriously. In this paper, through Particle Image Velocimetry experiment and computational fluid dynamics simulation of exhaust T-junction flow field, the characteristics of junction local flow field and the law of energy loss are obtained. Based on the one dimensional simulation of engine working process, the exhaust available energy analysis is carried out, and the transmission of available energy of exhaust valve and various pipe systems under typical operating conditions is obtained. On this basis, five exhaust systems are designed, and the steady-state and transient performances are compared by bench tests. The results show that the shrinkage rate and the intersection angle of T-junction are the key factors affecting exhaust energy transmission and exhaust gas interference suppression. Reducing the branch pipe shrinkage rate leads to an increase in branch pipe flow loss, but it will also reduce the main pipe flow loss and exhaust gas interference. Reducing the angle between the main pipe and branch pipe is beneficial to the exhaust flow and exhaust energy recovery. The pulse converter exhaust system has a high exhaust available energy transmission rate; the Modular Pulse Converter system has superior fuel efficiency and transient response performance from the perspective of the entire engine operation range. The 90% response time difference between the five studied exhaust systems is about 0.41 s.
ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Potential Involvement in Genetic Susceptibility to SARS-COV-2 in Cancer Patients
Authors: Ravaioli Sara , Tebaldi Michela , Fonzi Eugenio , Angeli Davide , Mazza Massimiliano , Nicolini Fabio , Lucchesi Alessandro , Fanini Francesca , Pirini Francesca , Tumedei Maria Maddalena , Cerchione Claudio , Viale Pierluigi , Sambri Vittorio , Martinelli Giovanni , Bravaccini Sara
Published: October 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic. One open question is whether genetics could influence the severity of symptoms. Considering the limited data on cancer patients, we analyzed public data repositories limited to investigate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) expressions and genetic variants to identify the basis of individual susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.

Gene expression and variant data were retrieved from Tissue Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, and gnomAD. Differences in gene expression were tested with Mann-Whitney U-test. Allele frequencies of germline variants were explored in different ethnicities, with a special focus on ACE2 variants located in the binding site to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

The analysis of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressions in healthy tissues showed a higher expression in the age class 20 to 59 years (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.0001) regardless of gender. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were more expressed in tumors from males than females (both FDR < 0.0001) and, opposite to the regulation in tissues from healthy individuals, more expressed in elderly patients (FDR = 0.005; FDR < 0.0001, respectively). ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressions were higher in cancers of elderly patients compared with healthy individuals (FDR < 0.0001). Variants were present at low frequency (range 0% to 3%) and among those with the highest frequency, the variant S19P belongs to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding site and it was exclusively present in Africans with a frequency of 0.2%.

The mechanisms of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 regulation could be targeted for preventive and therapeutic purposes in the whole population and especially in cancer patients.

Further studies are needed to show a direct correlation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressions in cancer patients and the incidence of COVID-19.