bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentrations of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Enterococci, and Yersinia spp. in the Feces of Farmed Red Deer in New Zealand
Authors: Pattis Isabelle , Moriarty Elaine , Billington Craig , Gilpin Brent , Hodson Roger , Ward Nick
Published: June 2017

Intensive deer farming can cause environmental issues, mainly by its impact on soils and water quality. In particular, there is a risk to the microbial quality of water, as high quantities of suspended sediment and fecal bacteria can enter into water systems. The feces of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus, n = 206) from Canterbury and Southland, New Zealand, were analyzed with regard to the presence of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Yersinia spp.. Enterococci and E. coli were isolated from all samples, with mean concentrations of 4.5 × 105 (95% CI 3.5 × 103, 5.6 107) and 1.3 × 108 (95% CI 1.1 × 106, 1.5 × 1010) per gram of dry feces, respectively. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 27 fecal samples, giving an overall prevalence of 13.1%. Campylobacter isolation rates were variable within and between regions (Canterbury 7.95% [95% CI 2–14%], Southland 16.95% [95% CI 10–24%]). Five out of 42 composite samples were positive for Yersinia enterocolitica, and one sample for Y. pseudotuberculosis. The overall prevalence ranges on a per‐animal basis were therefore 2.43 to 11.17% and 0.49 to 2.91%, respectively. This study is the first to quantify the concentration of Campylobacter spp. present in healthy deer farmed in New Zealand. Deer feces are a potential source of human campylobacteriosis, with all genotypes isolated also previously observed among human cases. The fecal outputs from deer should be regarded as potentially pathogenic to humans and therefore be appropriately managed.

Core Ideas

Deer feces are a potential source of human campylobacteriosis.

All Campylobacter genotypes were found among human clinical isolates in New Zealand.

Campylobacter spp. prevalence in deer feces is low compared with other livestock.

The average daily excretion of Campylobacter‐positive deer and sheep is comparable.

Access of deer to waterways should be restricted.
A longitudinal analysis on the perspectives of major world newspapers on the Three Gorges Dam project during 1982–2015
Authors: Wu Shuanglei , Huang Sarina , Wei Yongping , Duffield Colin , Tang Wenzhe , Zhao Yan , Zheng Hang
Published: June 2017

Media communications are least studied in river basin development projects. This paper aims to develop a longitudinal study on how a water resources development megaproject was reported by the world newspapers during its whole life cycle. The development of the Three Gorges Dam project in China (1982–2015) was taken as an example. Newspaper perspectives on eight evaluation themes: time, cost, quality, risk, benefit, social impact, environmental impact, and organization management were extracted from eight newspapers in the UK, the USA, Australia, and Singapore using a content analysis approach. The results show that the media coverage mainly appeared in the construction phase, with peak reporting times occurring in transition periods. Social and environmental aspects were the main concerns of the eight selected newspapers. The tone of the news coverage on the Three Gorges Dam was generally negative. These findings implied that media communications provide valuable insights into the social and environmental complexities of megaprojects in river basin development.
O estágio docência como oportunidade de vivenciar a sala de aula
Authors: Lopes Débora Costa Nunes , Santos Rafaella Buso , Silva Diva Souza
Published: June 2017

A presente pesquisa faz parte das investigações ligadas ao Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Didática e em Desenvolvimento Profissional dos Professores da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Tem como objetivo realizar diagnóstico das contribuições do Estágio em docência para a formação do pós-graduando com relação à dimensão didático-pedagógica. Os processos metodológicos envolvem a revisão bibliográfica; análise documental; aplicação de instrumentos; observação de aulas; análise e discussão dos dados. Os resultados até então apontam a ausência de políticas públicas para formação destes professores; o estágio docência tem carga horária pouco expressiva e a formação está focada na competência cientifica desprovida da dimensão didático-pedagógica, contudo constitui-se por vezes como primeiro contato com a sala de aula.
Obtención de Biodiesel por Transesterificación Alcalina a partor de Aceites Vegetales Residual en Lima
Authors: Zavaleta Palomino Linda N. , Suavo Carrión Jean Pierre A.
Published: June 2017

El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el proceso de producción óptimo para generar biodiesel, por transesterificación alcalina, a partir de aceites vegetales residuales de los restaurantes del distrito de San Borja, Lima- Perú. Para ello, se analizó el aceite vegetal residual recolectado, se determinó la concentración de metanol (%v/v), la concentración de hidróxido de potasio (%p/p), el tiempo de reacción óptimo, y por último se determinó la calidad del biodiesel producido. Los resultados mostraron que es posible realizar biodiesel con el aceite recolectado, ya que su grado de acidez (1,56%) fue inferior al 3%. Las condiciones óptimas para lograr la máxima conversión de la reacción se obtuvieron cuando se usó una concentración de metanol del 30%, una concentración de hidróxido de potasio del 0,4% respecto al peso del aceite y un tiempo de reacción de 3 hrs 30 min a una temperatura constante de 60°C. Bajo estas condiciones se obtuvo un rendimiento de biodiesel del 85,97%. Al biodiesel obtenido bajo las mejores condiciones de reacción se le analizaron cuatro propiedades del combustible, encontrándose que la viscosidad cinemática fue 5,5 cSt, el número de acidez fue 0,68 mgKOH/g, la ceniza sulfatada fue 0,0478 % y el carbón conradson fue 0,142%.
Redes Digital Signage como sustrato para brindar conectividad a dispositivos IOT
Authors: David de Hoz J. , Saldana Jose , Fernández-Navajas Julián , Ruiz-Mas José , Guerrero Rodríguez Rebeca , MarLuna Félix de Jesús , Herrera González Raúl Iván
Published: June 2017

El número de dispositivos conectados a Internet supera actualmente a la población mundial por más de tres veces y se espera que esta cifra se duplique en los próximos cinco años. El Internet de las Cosas es un concepto que describe esta tendencia y perfila ciertos aspectos de diseño y funcionalidad que los nuevos dispositivos deben incorporar para lograr una integración exitosa en Internet. En este sentido, las redes digital signage utilizadas tradicionalmente para los medios de comunicación audiovisual cumplen muchas de las características requeridas en el contexto del Internet de las Cosas: interoperabilidad, movilidad, escalabilidad y ubicuidad; relativas tanto al acceso y control de dispositivos como a la información que estos generan. En este trabajo se plantea el poder de emplear la red digital signage propuesta como sustrato para poder conectar otros tipos de dispositivos para que así puedan aprovechar las ventajas de estas redes. Para ese fin, se discuten los principales problemas existentes en esta integración, prestando especial atención al esquema de túnel bidireccional utilizado en la solución digital signage propuesta. Los efectos de este enfoque de tunelación se analizan en escenarios con limitaciones de ancho de banda y se proponen diferentes soluciones. Con ello se consigue mejorar el rendimiento del túnel en movilidad, facilitando la integración de más dispositivos al Internet de las Cosas al permitir que puedan integrarse en este tipo de redes.
A relação entre pesquisa e sala de aula em educação matemática: um primeiro olhar
Authors: De Andrade Silvanio
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho de investigação pretende entender e analisar a relação entre pesquisa e sala de aula em educação matemática, com atenção especial para evidenciar processos como: Qual o impacto da pesquisa de educação matemática na sala de aula? Como as pesquisas e os pesquisadores vêm se relacionando com a sala de aula? O que os pesquisadores têm a dizer da sala de aula de matemática e do que esta tem mostrado a eles. Nesse artigo, especificamente, apresentaremos uma problematização do objeto de estudo, o referencial teórico, a metodologia e alguns resultados parciais em andamento. Finalmente, mostraremos que a relação pesquisa/sala de aula em educação matemática é um fenômeno muito complexo e de múltiplos olhares. Palavras-chave: educação matemática; pesquisa; sala de aula.
Formulação de problemas em educação matemática: a quem compete?
Authors: Domite Maria
Published: June 2017

Neste artigo eu pretendo discutir alguns dos meus pontos de vista sobre a formulação de problemas, procurando destacar sua essência político-sociológico-filosófica como um caminho para aprender e ensinar matemática e quais atitudes na Formulação de Problemas como um modo de ensino. Palavras-chave: formulação de problemas; problematização; diálogo.
Gaṇapatyatharvaśīrṣopaniṣat: La Upaniṣad “Cabeza de Atharvan” dedicada a Gaṇapati.
Authors: Hernández Quiroz Anselmo , Cañas Moreno María Carolina , Fernández Meza Julio María
Published: June 2017

Traducción del sánscrito e introducción
Islam, democracia y neoliberalismo: los Hermanos Musulmanes egipcios en el poder
Authors: Cuadro Mariela
Published: June 2017

El objetivo general del artículo es contribuir a la reflexión en torno de las relaciones entre el islam político, la democracia liberal y el neoliberalismo económico. En tal fin estudia el caso de la organización de los Hermanos Musulmanes egipcios en el poder, centrado en la dimensión económica. Esta elección se explica, por un lado, por la ausencia del factor económico en la lectura hegemónica de la Primavera Árabe y, por otro lado, por su fuerte presencia en los discursos de los centros de poder internacionales que clamaban porque la reforma política (instauración de la democracia) fuera acompañada por una económica (establecimiento o profundización del libre mercado). Con este fin, en primer lugar, analiza el concepto de democracia, y plantea que su concepción hegemónica está referida a la democracia liberal. Esta última es definida a través de tres elementos: el proceso electoral como uno de carácter técnico, la construcción de individuos-ciudadanos y el neoliberalismo económico. Para la elucidación de este último, el artículo se basa en los análisis de Michel Foucault, para afirmar que el neoliberalismo se encuentra basado en el libre mercado entendido como competencia y, por lo tanto, en la desigualdad. El liberalismo económico está enmarcado en el proceso de secularización atravesado por Europa, uno de cuyos corolarios fue la separación entre economía y política, pero también entre economía y religión. La falta de separación entre las últimas dos da lugar a que ciertos autores sostengan que el eje de la economía islámica es la justicia social, y la definen como una economía moral. El artículo se detiene en el concepto de economía islámica y contrapone la lectura anterior con otra que relaciona el islam político con el neoliberalismo económico. Con el objetivo de evitar esencializaciones y, en cambio, analizar prácticas, el trabajo no adopta a priori ninguna de las dos perspectivas, sino que aborda la cuestión de manera contextualizada. Luego de hacer un breve repaso histórico del neoliberalismo en Egipto se analiza la sección de la plataforma electoral de los Hermanos Musulmanes referida a la política económica; asimismo, se hace lo propio con los discursos en torno de los levantamientos árabes tanto del Grupo de los Ocho como del Fondo Monetario Internacional, particularmente en su relación con el gobierno de los Hermanos Musulmanes. Se concluye que el partido político islámico buscó un equilibrio entre las prácticas económicas neoliberales y aquellas propias de un programa que privilegia la justicia social, para inclinarse por estas últimas. De este modo, intentó funcionar como una barrera al neoliberalismo económico. Esto le valió la negativa del Fondo Monetario Internacional de un préstamo que se consideraba necesario para incentivar la inversión. Esta negativa, sumada a una acción coordinada de potencias regionales y grupos de poder locales, llevó al derrocamiento del primer gobierno egipcio elegido democráticamente.
MÁRGENES DE LA CIUDAD COMO MÁRGENES DE LA NACIÓN EN LA COLA DE LA SERPIENTE DE LEONARDO PADURA
Authors: Aguilar Karla
Published: June 2017

The concept of Nation-state, a construction legitimated in the approaches of imagined communities of Benedict Anderson, has been widely discussed in recent years. The work of Leonardo Padura configured, in this way, new processes of cultural and political redefinition which break with the idea of unity and homogeneity of national identity. La cola de la serpiente exacerbated this rupture with the introduction of the Chinese community in Havana. Chinatown is the metaphor of belonging to the nation as its destroyed spaces land the great “national values” to the immediacy of violence and necessity.
A LIBERDADE IGUAL NO ESTADO CONSTITUCIONAL DE DIREITO SOB A PERSPECTIVA DO CONTRATUALISMO DE JOHN RAWLS
Authors: Liziero Leonam Baesso da Silva
Published: June 2017

Este artigo pretende mostrar como o princípio da liberdade igual está presente na concepção contemporânea de Estado de Direito. A liberdade igual como concepção de justiça, desenvolvido no trabalho de Rawls, sob a ótica da contratualismo, tem um papel de referencial para o alcance de uma constituição justa. Em seguida, a investigação discute o papel da liberdade nas principais teorias do contratualismo clássico. Posteriormente, mostrará as influências kantianas sobre o pensamento de Rawls, principalmente a respeito da abordagem contratualista para obter uma concepção razoável de justiça, com base em um sistema de liberdades no Estado de Direito.
ARGUMENTACIÓN Y PROCESO: UNA RELACIÓN RELEVANTE EN LA PRÁCTICA JUDICIAL
Authors: Guzmán Néstor Leandro
Published: June 2017

Las principales teorías de la argumentación identifican los extremos que se relacionan con la práctica judicial. Ellas son enfocadas desde la tensión que se produce entre planteamientos puramente normativos con aquellos que se manifiestan en la actuación cotidiana de los tribunales, que precisamente no se centran en fenómenos normativos exclusivamente. Existen buenas razones para sostener que la coherencia interna del sistema procesal y su aceptación racional, como instrumento válido de resolución de conflictos, dependen del discurso práctico de jueces y abogados, por su complejidad e importancia en cada caso judicial y así establecer niveles de justificación que se apoyan en la autoridad y en la tradición como únicas formas de legitimación del derecho en los estados democráticos.
ENTRE RETICENCIA E INSISTENCIA: LA REVOLUCIÓN SEXUAL INACABADA DE DORIS LESSING EN THE GOLDEN NOTEBOOK
Authors: Cortés Vieco Francisco José
Published: June 2017

ResumenEntre dolor y placer, demencia y recuperación mental, The Golden Notebook de Doris Lessing es un compendio enciclopédico y literario sobre la introspección psicológica, la autonomía asertiva con fines reivindicativos, la despenalización ideológica y la desmitificación artística de la sexualidad femenina en Inglaterra durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. No obstante, esta obra polifónica y poliédrica se debate entre su empuje pionero como panacea de la Revolución Sexual en este período y su reserva al proclamar el hito histórico de la equiparación de los derechos civiles, fisiológicos y emocionales de la mujer contemporánea con respecto a los del hombre.Palabras clave: sexualidad, mujer, hombre, amor, coito, liberación, dependencia, locura.English title: Between Reluctance and Insistence. The Incomplete Sexual Revolution inThe Golden Notebook by Doris LessingAbstract: Ranging from pain to pleasure, madness to mental recovery, British writer Doris Lessing’s The Golden Notebook is an encyclopaedic, literary compendium regarding women’s psychological introspection, self-assertion, and search for validation, ideological decriminalization and aesthetic demythologizing of female sexuality in post-war England. Nevertheless, this polyphonic, polyhedral novel struggles between its decisive impetus towards the 1960s Sexual Revolution, and the author’s alleged reluctance to proclaim - by comparison with the powerful position of men - the historical landmark of women’s egalitarian rights in terms of social status, bodily enjoyment, emotional fulfilment and independence.Key words: sexuality, woman, man, love, coitus, emancipation, dependence, madness.
RESEÑA: POSTOCONIAL ECOLOGIES. LITERATURES OF THE ENVIRONMENT. ELIZABETH DELOUGHREYAND GEORGE B. HANDLEY
Authors: Pérez Ruiz Bibian
Published: June 2017

Elizabeth DeLoughrey & George B. Handley, Postcolonial Ecologies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. ISBN: 978-0-19-539442-9
VISIONES ÉTICO-ESTÉTICAS SOBRE LA FEMINIDAD. CONCEPCIONES JUVENILES Y SOCIO-LEGISLATIVAS EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA IMAGEN FÍSICA DE LA MUJER OCCIDENTAL
Authors: Serrano-Martínez Cecilia
Published: June 2017

Las sociedades occidentales asimilan un prototipo femenino en cuya creación participan diversos factores. La sociedad adquiere dicho prototipo y crea un discurso generalizado acerca del ideal de mujer. El presente artículo plasma la visión y posición de la mujer en el espacio público y como su apariencia juega una pieza clave en su identidad. Para conocer la percepción corporal es preciso analizar la parte instituida, tomando como referencia el Observatorio de la Imagen de las Mujeres. También se analiza la parte instituyente, desde los discursos juveniles, para conocer su aceptación o rechazo hacia estas conductas de belleza creadas.Palabras clave: Ciudadanía, mujer, espacio público, imagen, imaginario.Ethical-Aesthetic Visions of Femininity. Youth and Socio-Legislative Perceptions in the Construction of the Physical Image of Western Women.Abstract: Western societies assimilate a female prototype whose creation involves several factors. The society adopts this prototype and creates a discourse about the widespread ideal woman. This paper aims to capture the vision and position of woman in the public space and how her appearance plays a central role in her identity. In order to get a better understanding of body perception, it is necessary to analyze the instituted part, through the “Observatorio de la Imagende las Mujeres”. Likewise, the instituting part is analyzed, in order to know how young people are supporters or detractors of this behaviour of established beauty.Key words: Citizenship, women, public space, image, imaginary.
AFRANCESADAS Y MAJAS: PRESENTES EN LA GUERRA E INVISIBLES EN LAS CORTES. ANÁLISIS FEMINISTA
Authors: Sanchis Vidal Amalia , Ramos Rovi María José
Published: June 2017

Este artículo es un análisis revisionista del periodo que abarca la Guerra de la Independencia, el Estatuto de Bayona y la Constitución de 1812. Hacemos especial hincapié en la ausencia de las mujeres, por ello empleamos una epistemología feminista para analizar los textos jurídicos e históricos. También queremos hacer una puesta en valor de los recursos usados por las mujeres para dar a conocer su acervo cultural. Cuando les negaron la entrada a la Academia también dejaron fuera sus saberes.Palabras clave: Constitución de 1812, derechos, epistemología, género, mujeres.  Abstract: This paper is a revisionist analysis of the period between The Independence War, the Bayonne Statute and the Constitution of 1812. We focus on the abscence of women and that is why we use a feminist epistemology to analyze the juridical and historic texts. We also want to highlight the resources used by women to demonstrate their cultural background. When they were not allowed to become members of the Academy/Academia, their knowledge was also expelled with them.Key words]: Spanish Constitution of 1812, rights, epistemology, gender, women.
ENTREVISTA A JUANA ESCABIAS, DRAMATURGA Y DIRECTORA DE ESCENA
Authors: Martín Clavijo Milagros
Published: June 2017

ENTREVISTA A JUANA ESCABIAS, DRAMATURGA Y DIRECTORA DE ESCENA
La mela proibita. Saggi e pensieri di Scrittrici del Novecento. María Belén Hernández González y María Gloria Ríos Guardiola (eds.)
Authors: Azzilonna Angelo
Published: June 2017

La mela proibita. Saggi e pensieri di Scrittrici del Novecento. María Belén Hernández González y María Gloria Ríos Guardiola (eds.)
La Riva Verde. Napoli. Adriana Assini
Authors: Rossetti Sandra
Published: June 2017

La Riva Verde. Napoli. Adriana Assini
Mixing and Mingling Queerly: The Activist Sociality of Mentoring in the Personal Narratives of Coloma and Lorde
Authors: Chamberlain Ed
Published: June 2017

Edward Chamberlain takes on the pressing need for mentorship for queer youth, in particular queer youth of color. Addressing a dearth in both studies on and commitment to the wellness and flourishing of queer youth of color in institutions of higher learning, Chamberlain turns to what is in some respects both a traditional and nontraditional archive of resources: personal narrative writing by queer people of color. Taking up both Audre Lorde’s Zami: A New Spelling of My Name and Roland Sintos Coloma’s “Fragmented Entries, Multiple Selves,” Chamberlain argues that the structural hybridity of these narratives serves as a formal model for a queer mentoring methodology, and delves into the texts themselves for examples of how to mentor queer youth of color in and beyond the academy. Chamberlain’s intervention is at the same time vitally theoretical and practical; sources such as those that he analyzes may be nontraditional to institutions of higher learning, but are often circulated informally for the precise purposes Chamberlain describes.
Exploring the Promise of New Materialisms
Authors: Shomura Chad
Published: June 2017

Response to Kyla Wazana Tompkins, "On the Limits and Promise of New Materialist Philosophy," published in Lateral 5.1. Shomura mediates upon the promise and possibilities that new materialisms affords in its attentiveness to the material.
Buttock Pain and Sciatica Caused by a Femoral Osteochondroma
Authors: Akinyemi Olaoye A. , Mabry Lance M. , Dardenelle Sonja I.
Published: June 2017

A 26-year-old woman was referred to physical therapy with lower back pain extending into the right buttock. Palpation of the right buttock revealed a firm, immobile mass of considerable size, which the patient identified as her locus of symptoms. Due to the noted palpable mass, her pain, her inability to sit normally, and the longevity of symptoms, the physical therapist ordered radiographs, which identified multiple osteochondromas.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(6):442. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6877
Electrochemical properties of LaNi4.2Co0.4Zn0.1Al0.3 and LaNi4.3Co0.4Zn0.1Al0.2 alloys as anode materials for Ni-MH batteries
Authors: Giza Krystyna
Published: June 2017

The galvanostatic charge and discharge technique was used for the evaluation of the changes in electrochemical parameters of the tested metal hydride electrodes during the repeated hydrogen absorption and desorption processes. Higher development of the effective surface area during hydrogenation has been obtained for LaNi4.3Co0.4Zn0.1Al0.2 composite electrode. For the conditions of current ± 0.5 C, the discharge capacities of LaNi4.2Co0.4Zn0.1Al0.3 and LaNi4.3Co0.4Zn0.1Al0.2 alloys are 240 and 316 mAh × g−1, respectively. From the point of view of improving the kinetics of the process of charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface as well as a resistance to self-discharging, a partial substitution of nickel with zinc in the LaNi4.3Co0.4Al0.3 alloy is not favorable.
Electrochemical behavior of alloy AgCu50 during oxidation in the presence of chlorides and benzotriazole
Authors: Rajčić-Vujasinović Mirjana , Grekulović Vesna , Stamenković Uroš , Stević Zoran
Published: June 2017

The presence of chloride ions in concentrations higher than 0.01 mol × dm−3significantly intensifies anodic processes at AgCu50 alloy. In order to slow down this reaction, it was looked for the possibility of using benzotriazole known as an effective corrosion inhibitor for copper. This paper shows the influence of benzotriazole in a wide range of concentrations on inhibition of anodic processes as well as its influence on mechanism of the reactions such as formation of copper and silver oxides and chlorides. To determine this influence, open circuit potential measurements, anodic polarization and potentiostatic oxidation followed by optical microscopy were used. It was discovered that benzotriazole in concentrations higher than 0.005 mol × dm−3almost completely passivates the mentioned alloy in alkaline solutions in the presence of chloride ions in a concentration range from 0.01 to 0.02 mol × dm−3.
Free vibration of a Timoshenko beam carrying three dimensional tip mass: Analytical solution and experimental modal testing
Authors: Katı Hilal Doğanay , Gökdağ Hakan
Published: June 2017

In this work, free vibration of a Timoshenko beam carrying three dimensional tip mass whose center of gravity is not coincident with beam end is dealt with. The beam performs bending in two orthogonal planes plus torsional deformation about the beam axis. Since the tip mass center of gravity is not coincident with beam end point, these deformations are coupled through the boundary conditions. First, an analytical model is developed for the considered system and solved. Later, the analytical results are compared with the experimental and finite element results. Experimental values are obtained by the impact testing, and peak picking approach is employed to extract modal data. Furthermore, finite element results are obtained by ANSYS, a famous finite element software. According to the relevant literature, this is the first study including experimental data for the considered system. It is observed that analytical results, in general, agree with the numerical and experimental results. Thus, the analytical model developed in this work may safely be used for later studies where lower modal data of the structure is required.
Synthesis, characterization and forming behavior of hybrid copper matrix composites produced using powder metallurgy
Authors: Karuppiah Ilayaraja , Poovaraj Ranjith Kumar , Veeramani Anandakrishnan , Shanmugam Sathish , Manickam Ravichandran , Rangasamy Ravikumar
Published: June 2017

Hybrid copper matrix composites containing 5 wt.% of titanium dioxide and varying graphite content (0 wt.%, 2 wt.% and 4 wt.%) were synthesized using powder metallurgy. Metallurgical studies were carried out to examine the presence and distribution of reinforcements in the copper matrix. To investigate the forming behavior of the sintered composite preforms, cold upset tests were conducted from which the true axial stress, the true hoop stress, the true hydrostatic stress and the true effective stress were evaluated and their relationship with the true axial strain was analyzed and presented. It is observed that the increase in addition of weight percentage of graphite into the copper matrix increases the true axial, the true hoop, the true hydrostatic and the true effective stresses. The variation of hardness, strength coefficient and strain hardening with respect to the addition of graphite content is also evaluated and reported.
Long Term Physiologic and Behavioural Effects of Housing Density and Environmental Resource Provision for Adult Male and Female Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Pinelli Christopher , Leri Francesco , Turner Patricia
Published: June 2017

There is considerable interest in refining laboratory rodent environments to promote animal well-being, as well as research reproducibility. Few studies have evaluated the long term impact of enhancing rodent environments with resources and additional cagemates. To that end, male and female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were housed singly (n = 8/sex), in pairs (n = 16/sex), or in groups of four (n = 16/sex) for five months. Single and paired rats were housed in standard cages with a nylon chew toy, while group-housed rats were kept in double-wide cages with two PVC shelters and a nylon chew toy and were provided with food enrichment three times weekly. Animal behaviour, tests of anxiety (open field, elevated plus maze, and thermal nociception), and aspects of animal physiology (fecal corticoid levels, body weight, weekly food consumption, organ weights, and cerebral stress signaling peptide and receptor mRNA levels) were measured. Significant differences were noted, primarily in behavioural data, with sustained positive social interactions and engagement with environmental resources noted throughout the study. These results suggest that modest enhancements in the environment of both male and female SD rats may be beneficial to their well-being, while introducing minimal variation in other aspects of behavioural or physiologic responses.
Further Cost Reduction of Battery Manufacturing
Authors: Asif Amir , Singh Rajendra
Published: June 2017

The demand for batteries for energy storage is growing with the rapid increase in photovoltaics (PV) and wind energy installation as well as electric vehicle (EV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Electrochemical batteries have emerged as the preferred choice for most of the consumer product applications. Cost reduction of batteries will accelerate the growth in all of these sectors. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) and solid-state batteries are showing promise through their downward price and upward performance trends. We may achieve further performance improvement and cost reduction for Li-ion and solid-state batteries through reduction of the variation in physical and electrical properties. These properties can be improved and made uniform by considering the electrical model of batteries and adopting novel manufacturing approaches. Using quantum-photo effect, the incorporation of ultra-violet (UV) assisted photo-thermal processing can reduce metal surface roughness. Using in-situ measurements, advanced process control (APC) can help ensure uniformity among the constituent electrochemical cells. Industrial internet of things (IIoT) can streamline the production flow. In this article, we have examined the issue of electrochemical battery manufacturing of Li-ion and solid-state type from cell-level to battery-level process variability, and proposed potential areas where improvements in the manufacturing process can be made. By incorporating these practices in the manufacturing process we expect reduced cost of energy management system, improved reliability and yield gain with the net saving of manufacturing cost being at least 20%.
Amylase Production from Thermophilic Bacillus sp. BCC 021-50 Isolated from a Marine Environment
Authors: Simair Altaf , Khushk Imrana , Qureshi Abdul , Bhutto Muhammad , Chaudhry Haider , Ansari Khalil , Lu Changrui
Published: June 2017

The high cost of fermentation media is one of the technical barriers in amylase production from microbial sources. Amylase is used in several industrial processes or industries, for example, in the food industry, the saccharification of starchy materials, and in the detergent and textile industry. In this study, marine microorganisms were isolated to identify unique amylase-producing microbes in starch agar medium. More than 50 bacterial strains with positive amylase activity, isolated from marine water and soil, were screened for amylase production in starch agar medium. Bacillus sp. BCC 021-50 was found to be the best amylase-producing strain in starch agar medium and under submerged fermentation conditions. Next, fermentation conditions were optimized for bacterial growth and enzyme production. The highest amylase concentration of 5211 U/mL was obtained after 36 h of incubation at 50 °C, pH 8.0, using 20 g/L molasses as an energy source and 10 g/L peptone as a nitrogen source. From an application perspective, crude amylase was characterized in terms of temperature and pH. Maximum amylase activity was noted at 70 °C and pH 7.50. However, our results show clear advantages for enzyme stability in alkaline pH, high-temperature, and stability in the presence of surfactant, oxidizing, and bleaching agents. This research contributes towards the development of an economical amylase production process using agro-industrial residues.
Plant-Based Methods for Irrigation Scheduling of Woody Crops
Authors: Fernández José
Published: June 2017

The increasing world population and expected climate scenarios impel the agricultural sector towards a more efficient use of water. The scientific community is responding to that challenge by developing a variety of methods and technologies to increase crop water productivity. Precision irrigation is intended to achieve that purpose, through the wise choice of the irrigation system, the irrigation strategy, the method to schedule irrigation, and the production target. In this review, the relevance of precision irrigation for a rational use of water in agriculture, and methods related to the use of plant-based measurements for both the assessment of plant water stress and irrigation scheduling, are considered. These include non-automated, conventional methods based on manual records of plant water status and gas exchange, and automated methods where the related variable is recorded continuously and automatically. Thus, the use of methodologies based on the Scholander chamber and portable gas analysers, as well as those of systems for measuring sap flow, stem diameter variation and leaf turgor pressure, are reviewed. Other methods less used but with a potential to improve irrigation are also considered. These include those based on measurements related to the stem and leaf water content, and to changes in electrical potential within the plant. The use of measurements related to canopy temperature, both for direct assessment of water stress and for defining zones with different irrigation requirements, is also addressed. Finally, the importance of choosing the production target wisely, and the need for economic analyses to obtain maximum benefit of the technology related to precision irrigation, are outlined.
Evaluation of the Omaha System Prototype Icons for Global Health Literacy
Authors: Monsen Karen , Kang Yu , Maki Taylor , Stromme Annika , Weirich Elizabeth , Lawrence Emily , Schneider Ryan , Martinson Barbara
Published: June 2017

Omaha System problem concepts describe a comprehensive, holistic view of health in simple terms that have been represented in a set of prototype icons intended for universal use by consumers and clinicians. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Omaha System prototype icons internationally across ten languages through an on-line survey and in-person focus groups. The icons were generally rated above 3 on a scale of 1 to 5 by 1568 survey respondents, with notable exceptions for some of the more abstract concepts. Overall, the icons were rated 3.49 on a scale of 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree, with a range of 3.09 (Japanese language) to 3.88 (Norwegian language). A pattern of differential agreement was noted among respondents from Asiatic languages compared to all other languages. Feedback from survey respondents and focus group participants was used to refine the icons. General themes related to icon development were synthesized from focus group interviews. Further research should continue to refine and evaluate the icons in different languages for international use to support health literacy through visual literacy.
The Status of National Legal Frameworks for Valuing Compensation for Expropriated Land: An Analysis of Whether National Laws in 50 Countries/Regions across Asia, Africa, and Latin America Comply with International Standards on Compensation Valuation
Authors: Tagliarino Nicholas
Published: June 2017

The challenges associated with determining fair compensation for expropriated land have been extensively discussed and debated among scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and the public. However, to date, a comprehensive study of national-level compensation procedures established by law considering whether such procedures meet internationally recognized standards on compensation valuation has not been conducted. This article aims to bridge this gap by serving as a reference point and informing “fair compensation” debates among scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. This article examines national-level legal provisions on compensation in 50 countries/regions across Asia, Africa, and Latin America against a set of legal indicators that are based on international standards on the valuation of compensation. The legal indicators focus on the substantive and procedural requirements pertaining to the calculation of compensation. The indicators ask whether laws require assessors to account for various land values when calculating compensation, and whether there are legal processes in place that allow affected persons to negotiate compensation amounts, receive prompt payments, and hold governments accountable by appealing compensation decisions in courts or before tribunals. The results of the study show that most of the 50 countries/regions assessed do not have national laws that comply with internationally recognized standards on the valuation of compensation. Based on the findings from the legal indicator analysis, this paper presents a set of recommendations for reforming compensation procedures to bring them into conformity with international standards.
Co3O4@CoS Core-Shell Nanosheets on Carbon Cloth for High Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Ning Jinfeng , Zhang Tianyu , He Ying , Jia Congpu , Saha Petr , Cheng Qilin
Published: June 2017

In this work, a two-step electrodeposition strategy is developed for the synthesis of core-shell Co3O4@CoS nanosheet arrays on carbon cloth (CC) for supercapacitor applications. Porous Co3O4 nanosheet arrays are first directly grown on CC by electrodeposition, followed by the coating of a thin layer of CoS on the surface of Co3O4 nanosheets via the secondary electrodeposition. The morphology control of the ternary composites can be easily achieved by altering the number of cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles of CoS deposition. Electrochemical performance of the composite electrodes was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results demonstrate that the Co3O4@CoS/CC with 4 CV cycles of CoS deposition possesses the largest specific capacitance 887.5 F·g−1 at a scan rate of 10 mV·s−1 (764.2 F·g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A·g−1), and excellent cycling stability (78.1% capacitance retention) at high current density of 5.0 A·g−1 after 5000 cycles. The porous nanostructures on CC not only provide large accessible surface area for fast ions diffusion, electron transport and efficient utilization of active CoS and Co3O4, but also reduce the internal resistance of electrodes, which leads to superior electrochemical performance of Co3O4@CoS/CC composite at 4 cycles of CoS deposition.
The Effect of Initial Structure on Phase Transformation in Continuous Heating of a TA15 Titanium Alloy
Authors: Fan Xiaoguang , Li Qi , Zhao Anming , Shi Yuguo , Mei Wenjia
Published: June 2017

The effect of initial structure on phase evolution in continuous heating of a near-α TA15 titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V) was experimentally investigated. To this end; three microstructures were obtained by multiple heat treatment: I-bimodal structure with 50% equaixed α, II-bimodal structure with 15% equiaxed α, III-trimodal structure with 18% equiaxed α and 25% lamellar α. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dilatometry and quantitative metallography were carried out on specimens with the three initial structures at heating rates from 5 to 40 °C/min. The transformation kinetics was modeled with the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami (JMA) approach under non-isothermal condition. It was found that there exists a four-stage transformation for microstructures I and III. The secondary and third stages overlap for microstructure II. The four stages of phase transformation overlap with increasing heating rate. In the presence of α laths, the phase transformation kinetics is affected by the composition difference between lamellar α and primary equiaxed α. Phase transformation is controlled by the growth of existing large β phase.
New Mild and Simple Approach to Isothiocyanates: A Class of Potent Anticancer Agents
Authors: Luo Bingling , Wang Jiankang , Li Xiaobing , Lu Wenhua , Yang Jing , Hu Yumin , Huang Peng , Wen Shijun
Published: June 2017

In our current work, acetyl chloride-mediated synthesis of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) derivatives proves to be convenient and provides the expected products at good to excellent yields. Biological evaluation and structure-activity relationship analysis found that the novel compound 7 showed the best anticancer activity against human cancer cell line Panc1 and HGC27 compared with PEITC. Compounds 6 and 7 induced more apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells but less toxicity in non-cancer cells. Further biological study demonstrated that 7 substantially increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depleted glutathione (GSH), leading to an oxidative stress to kill cancer cell.
Pain Assessment of Elderly Patients with Cognitive Impairment in the Emergency Department: Implications for Pain Management—A Narrative Review of Current Practices
Authors: Jones Joshua , Sim Tin , Hughes Jeff
Published: June 2017

Elderly people are susceptible to both falls and cognitive impairment making them a particularly vulnerable group of patients when it comes to pain assessment and management in the emergency department (ED). Pain assessment is often difficult in patients who present to the ED with a cognitive impairment as they are frequently unable to self-report their level of pain, which can have a negative impact on pain management. This paper aims to review how cognitive impairment influences pain assessment in elderly adults who present to the ED with an injury due to a fall. A literature search of EMBASE, ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, SciFinder and the Curtin University Library database was conducted using keyword searches to generate lists of articles which were then screened for relevance by title and then abstract to give a final list of articles for full-text review. Further articles were identified by snowballing from the reference lists of the full-text articles. The literature reports that ED staff commonly use visual or verbal analogue scales to assess pain, but resort to their own intuition or physiological parameters rather than using standardised observational pain assessment tools when self-report of pain is not attainable due to cognitive impairment. While studies have found that the use of pain assessment tools improves the recognition and management of pain, pain scores are often not recorded for elderly patients with a cognitive impairment in the ED, leading to poorer pain management in this patient group in terms of time to analgesic administration and the use of strong opioids. All healthcare professionals involved in the care of such patients, including pharmacists, need to be aware of this and strive to ensure analgesic use is guided by appropriate and accurate pain assessment in the ED.
Monitoring the Arctic Seas: How Satellite Altimetry Can Be Used to Detect Open Water in Sea-Ice Regions
Authors: Müller Felix , Dettmering Denise , Bosch Wolfgang , Seitz Florian
Published: June 2017

Open water areas surrounded by sea ice significantly influence the ocean-ice-atmosphere interaction and contribute to Arctic climate change. Satellite altimetry can detect these ice openings and enables one to estimate sea surface heights and further altimetry data derived products. This study introduces an innovative, unsupervised classification approach for detecting open water areas in the Greenland Sea based on high-frequency data from Envisat and SARAL. Altimetry radar echoes, also called waveforms, are analyzed regarding different surface conditions. Six waveform features are defined to cluster radar echoes into different groups indicating open water and sea ice waveforms. Therefore, the partitional clustering algorithm K-medoids and the memory-based classification method K-nearest neighbor are employed, yielding an internal misclassification error of about 2%. A quantitative comparison with several SAR images reveals a consistency rate of 76.9% for SARAL and 70.7% for Envisat. These numbers strongly depend on the quality of the SAR images and the time lag between the measurements of both techniques. For a few examples, a consistency rate of more than 90% and a true water detection rate of 94% can be demonstrated. The innovative classification procedure can be used to detect water areas with different spatial extents and can be applied to all available pulse-limited altimetry datasets.
Energy Efficiency, Ownership Structure, and Sustainable Development: Evidence from China
Authors: Yang Weixin , Li Lingguang
Published: June 2017

Low energy efficiency and severe environmental pollution are two growing issues haunting China’s fast economic development. Under China’s current development model, economic growth still heavily depends on massive energy input, which makes energy efficiency one crucial topic in order to secure future sustainable development of China. This paper focuses on the unique energy ownership structure of China, and designs and adopts MATLAB programming for optimization solutions of multi-variable constrained nonlinear functions to obtain results that can better reflect China’s energy efficiency and solutions to sustainable development of China. Using this model, this paper conducts an empirical analysis on the impact of difference energy investment behaviors between China’s state-owned entities and non-state-owned business on China’s Total Factor Energy Efficiency (TFEE) and sustainable development from 2003 to 2014. We find that Beijing and Shanghai represent the highest energy efficiency level in China. However, except for the more developed regions in Eastern China, for other provinces in Northeast China, Central China and Western China, the TFEE of energy investment by state-owned and non-state-owned economies are both quite low compared with the optimal level. Based on the above findings from the empirical study and detailed analysis by region, this paper discusses the possible reasons for China’s low TFEE and provides implications and policy recommendations.
Screening of Deoxynivalenol Producing Strains and Elucidation of Possible Toxigenic Molecular Mechanism
Authors: Zheng Xiangfeng , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhao Lina , Apaliya Maurice , Yang Qiya , Sun Wei , Zhang Xiaoyun , Zhang Hongyin
Published: June 2017

In this study, seven strains of Fusarium graminearum were isolated from wheat, of which six were identified to produce deoxynivalenol and the production of deoxynivalenol was assessed. F. graminearum strain Fg1 was noted to produce 1.0 μg/g deoxynivalenol during the incubation period in the Czapek yeast broth, while none was detected in F. graminearum strain Fg2. Hence, the differences in proteomes and transcriptomes of Fg1 and Fg2 were compared to analyze the mechanism underlying deoxynivalenol production. Among the 66 significantly differentially expressed proteins in Fg1, 39 and 27 were more or less abundant expressed. Functional analysis suggested that the enzymes involved in the methylerythritol 4-phosphate and mevalonate pathways, which provide a substrate for biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate, a precursor of DON, were activated in Fg1. The transcriptomics data demonstrated that the expression level of a majority of genes, including trichothecene biosynthetic genes, protein kinases, and transcription factors, involved in trichothecene biosynthesis was higher in Fg1 than in Fg2. The results also revealed differential expression profiles of deoxynivalenol biosynthesis genes in strains Fg1 and Fg2, which emphasized their deoxynivalenol producing ability and the underlying mechanism.