bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of Organic Functionalities by PhI(OAc)2 Catalysed by Magnetically Separable Fe3O4@dopa‐Supported Mn(III) Complexes: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Chakraborty Aratrika , Dasgupta Sanchari , Chatterjee Sourav , Menéndez Maria Isabel , Das Debasis , Chattopadhyay Tanmay
Published: September 2017

Three newly designed ligands N, N′‐bis (3, 5‐diX)‐2, 2‐dimethylpropane‐1, 3 diamine, where X=Cl/Br/I (H2L1‐H2L3) having N2O2binding sites, have been chosen to synthesize mononuclear manganese(III) complexes 1–3 with an aim to study their catalytic activity towards oxidation of various substrates using PhI(OAc)2as a terminal oxidant. All these complexes have been characterized by routine physico‐chemical techniques. Complexes 1 (MnL1Cl ) and 2 (MnL2Cl ) have further been structurally characterized by X‐ray single crystal structure analysis. Detailed analysis of ESI‐MS, UV‐Vis and cyclic voltammetry studies along with theoretical calculations helped us to put forward probable mechanistic pathway for these efficient catalytic reactions. Complex 1exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency in every reaction and therefore it was selected for building a magnetically separable catalyst by attaching it to surface modified magnetic nanoparticles. The new Fe3O4@dopa@MnL1Cl(dopa=dopamine hydrochloride) [FDM‐1] catalyst was characterized by solid state UV‐VIS, FT‐IR, SEM, TEM, TGA, PXRD, EDX and SQUID analyses. The catalytic activity towards oxidation of various substrates by FDM‐1 was studied using PhI(OAc)2 and results indicated excellent efficiency along with reusability.
Evaluation of the Morphological, Electrical and Antibacterial Properties of Polyaniline Nanocomposite Based on Zn/Al‐Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Youssef Ahmed M. , Moustafa Hesham A. , Barhoum Ahmed , Hakim Abou El‐Fetouh A. Abdel , Dufresne Alain
Published: September 2017

In this work, polyaniline (PAn) based on Zinc aluminum layered double hydroxides (3:1; Zn/Al‐LDHs) nanocomposites; containing various concentrations of LDHs were successfully prepared via free emulsion polymerization using ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) as an oxidizing agent. The morphology of the synthesized LDHs and its nanocomposites were investigated using transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐Ray diffraction (XRD). TEM and SEM results showed that LDHs nanoparticles were obviously located in the polymer, with good dispersion. While the XRD results were demonstrated intercalated or exfoliated nanocomposites morphologies depending on the modification of the LDHs. The surface area of the fashioned nanocomposites was investigated. It was found that the surface area for PAn/LDHs, PAn/LDH‐DS and LDH‐DBS nanocomposites increased to 34.26 m2 g−1, 36.83 m2 g−1and 36.62 m2 g−1, respectively, while neat polyaniline was (23.84 m2 g−1). Moreover, the electrical conductivity for the investigated nanocomposites was enhanced with increasing the ratio of LDHs in the prepared nanocomposite. The fashioned nanocomposites exhibited good antibacterial activity against G+ve, G−ve bacteria and fungi. Therefore, it could be a promising candidate in various electrical and biological applications.
Stabilized Lithium–Sulfur Batteries by Covalently Binding Sulfur onto the Thiol‐Terminated Polymeric Matrices
Authors: Liu Xuejun , Xu Na , Qian Tao , Liu Jie , Shen Xiaowei , Yan Chenglin
Published: September 2017

Despite the low competitive cost and high theoretical capacity of lithium–sulfur battery, its practical application is severely hindered by fast capacity fading and limited capacity retention mainly caused by the polysulfide dissolution problem. Here, this paper reports a new strategy of using thiol‐terminated polymeric matrices to prevent polysulfide dissolution, which exhibits an initial capacity of 829.1 mAh g−1, and the exceptionally stable capacity retention of ≈84% at 1 C after 200 cycles, and excellent cycling stability with a low mean decay rate of 0.048% after 600 cycles. Significantly, in situ UV/vis spectroscopy analysis of the electrolyte upon battery cycling is performed to verify the function of preventing polysulfide dissolution by means of strongly anchoring discharge products of lithium sulphides. Moreover, density functional theory calculations reveal that the breakage of the linear sulfur chains results in the less soluble short‐chain polysulfides due to the formation of the covalently crosslinked discharge products, which avoids the production of soluble long‐chain polysulfide and minimizes the shuttle effect. These results exhibit an alternative for the stabilization of the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur batteries.
Recent Progress in Near Infrared Light Triggered Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Deng Kerong , Li Chunxia , Huang Shanshan , Xing Bengang , Jin Dayong , Zeng Qingguang , Hou Zhiyao , Lin Jun
Published: September 2017

Nowadays, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is under the research spotlight as an appealing modality for various malignant tumors. Compared with conventional PDT treatment activated by ultraviolet or visible light, near infrared (NIR) light‐triggered PDT possessing deeper penetration to lesion area and lower photodamage to normal tissue holds great potential for in vivo deep‐seated tumor. In this review, recent research progress related to the exploration of NIR light responsive PDT nanosystems is summarized. To address current obstacles of PDT treatment and facilitate the effective utilization, several innovative strategies are developed and introduced into PDT nanosystems, including the conjugation with targeted moieties, O2 self‐sufficient PDT, dual photosensitizers (PSs)‐loaded PDT nanoplatform, and PDT‐involved synergistic therapy. Finally, the potential challenges as well as the prospective for further development are also discussed.
Highly Sensitive, Flexible MEMS Based Pressure Sensor with Photoresist Insulation Layer
Authors: Liang Binghao , Chen Wenjun , He Zhongfu , Yang Rongliang , Lin Zhiqiang , Du Huiwei , Shang Yuanyuan , Cao Anyuan , Tang Zikang , Gui Xuchun
Published: September 2017

Pressure sensing is a crucial function for flexible and wearable electronics, such as artificial skin and health monitoring. Recent progress in material and device structure of pressure sensors has brought breakthroughs in flexibility, self‐healing, and sensitivity. However, the fabrication process of many pressure sensors is too complicated and difficult to integrate with traditional silicon‐based Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical System(MEMS). Here, this study demonstrates a scalable and integratable contact resistance‐based pressure sensor based on a carbon nanotube conductive network and a photoresist insulation layer. The pressure sensors have high sensitivity (95.5 kPa−1), low sensing threshold (16 Pa), fast response speed (<16 ms), and zero power consumption when without loading pressure. The sensitivity, sensing threshold, and dynamic range are all tunable by conveniently modifying the hole diameter and thickness of insulation layer.
Bend‐bend‐twist vibrations of a wind turbine blade
Authors: Acar Gizem D. , Feeny Brian F.
Published: September 2017

Dynamics of a wind turbine blade under bend‐bend‐twist coupled vibrations is investigated. The potential and kinetic energy expressions for a straight nonuniform blade are written in terms of beam parameters. Then, the energies are expressed in terms of modal coordinates by using the assumed mode method, and the equations of motion are found by applying Lagrange's formula. The bend‐bend‐twist equations are coupled with each other and have stiffness variations due to centrifugal effects and gravitational parametric terms, which vary cyclicly with the hub angle. To determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system, a modal analysis is applied on the linearized coupled equations of constant angle snapshots of a blade with effects of constant speed rotation. Lower modes of the coupled bend‐bend‐twist model are dominantly in‐plane or out‐of‐plane modes. To investigate the parametric effects, several blade models are analyzed at different angular positions. The stiffness terms involving centrifugal and gravitational effects can be significant for long blades. To further see the effect of blade length on relative parametric stiffness change, the blade models are scaled in size and analyzed at constant rotational speeds, at horizontal and vertical orientations. These studies show that the parametric stiffness effects should be taken into account when designing long blades.
Sensitization of NIR Photoluminescence of Lanthanides in [LnCl3(tppe)2(thz)2] by trans‐1‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2‐(pyridyl)ethylene
Authors: Dannenbauer Nicole , Zottnick Sven H. , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus
Published: September 2017

In order to evaluate the structural and spectroscopic influence of further pyridyl ligands, e.g. as sensitizers for Ln3+‐based photoluminescence, the ligand trans‐1‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2‐(pyridyl)ethylene (tppe) was selected. In reactions with trivalent chlorides of the lanthanides and thiazole (thz), complexes of the formula [LnCl3(tppe)2(thz)2] were obtained for Ln = Nd, Tb, Ho, Er. They are isotypic along the series of the lanthanides and provide ligand sensitizer functions for the Ln‐luminescence emission of Nd3+ and Er3+ in the near infrared region. Alike 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene, no sensitization is observed for the 4f‐based emission of Tb3+ in the visible.
Synthesis of a New Schiff Base‐like Trinucleating Ligand and its Copper, Vanadyl, and Iron Complexes – Influence of the Bridging Ligand on the Magnetic Properties
Authors: Weber Birgit , Kaps Eike , Dankhoff Katja
Published: September 2017

A trinucleating Schiff base‐like ligand and its copper(II), vanadyl(IV), iron(II), and μ‐oxido iron(III) complexes were synthesized and characterized in detail. In the case of the hexanuclear iron(III) complex single crystals suitable for X‐ray structure analysis were obtained. For the trinuclear complexes, the m‐phenlylene linkage of the phloroglucinol unit determines the magnetic exchange interactions. For the copper complex weak antiferromagnetic interactions are observed, whereas the corresponding trinuclear vanadyl complex shows weak ferromagnetic exchange interactions. A competition between superexchange interactions and spin‐polarization due to differences in the symmetry of the magnetic orbitals is made responsible for this observation. In the case of the hexanuclear iron(III) complex the exchange interactions via the μ‐oxido bridge dominate leading to strong antiferromagnetic interactions. The corresponding iron(II) complex is a pure high‐spin complex.
Cobalt Carbonyl Hydrides with 1,1′‐Diphosphinylferrocene Ligands – Structural and Electrochemical Diversity
Authors: Krafft Michael J. , Lissner Falk , Fiedler Jan , Kaim Wolfgang
Published: September 2017

The reaction of Co(CO)4H with various 1,1′‐bis(diorganophosphanyl)ferrocenes (dopf) produces structurally different heterodinuclear (Co,Fe) compounds. In contrast to the P‐isopropyl and P‐cyclohexyl‐substituted complexes [Co(CO)2H(dopf)] described earlier, the P‐phenyl‐substituted analogue exhibits a structure in the crystal with the hydride in trans position to a P atom. Using the dopf precursor with bulky P‐tert‐butyl substituents, a heterotrinuclear species {(μ‐dtbpf)[Co(CO)3H]2} is obtained, in which the ferrocene‐containing ligand acts as a bridge. In addition to the comparative analysis of molecular structures the (spectro)electrochemical responses are discussed in the light of the mechanism established for the isopropyl‐substituted system.
SOCIOPOLITICAL, CEREMONIAL, AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF GAMBLING IN ANCIENT NORTH AMERICA: A CASE STUDY OF CHACO CANYON
Authors: Weiner Robert S.
Published: September 2017

This paper builds upon DeBoer's (2001) assertion that models of ancient North American cultural systems can be enriched by incorporating gambling as a dynamic and productive social practice using the case study of the Ancient Puebloan center of Chaco Canyon (ca. AD 800–1180). A review of Native North American, Pueblo, and worldwide ethnography reveals gambling's multidimensionality as a social, economic, and ceremonial technology in contrast to its recreational associations in contemporary Western society. I propose that gambling was one mechanism through which leaders in precontact North America—and, specifically, at Chaco Canyon—integrated diverse communities, facilitated trade, accumulated material wealth, perpetuated religious ideology, and established social inequality. I present evidence of gambling at Chaco Canyon in the form of 471 gaming artifacts currently held in museum collections in addition to oral traditions of descendant Native cultures that describe extensive gambling in Chacoan society.
Dispersion of solids in fracturing flows of yield stress fluids
Authors: Hormozi S. , Frigaard I. A.
Published: September 2017

Solids dispersion is an important part of hydraulic fracturing, both in helping to understand phenomena such as tip screen-out and spreading of the pad, and in new process variations such as cyclic pumping of proppant. Whereas many frac fluids have low viscosity, e.g. slickwater, others transport proppant through increased viscosity. In this context, one method for influencing both dispersion and solids-carrying capacity is to use a yield stress fluid as the frac fluid. We propose a model framework for this scenario and analyse one of the simplifications. A key effect of including a yield stress is to focus high shear rates near the fracture walls. In typical fracturing flows this results in a large variation in shear rates across the fracture. In using shear-thinning viscous frac fluids, flows may vary significantly on the particle scale, from Stokesian behaviour to inertial behaviour across the width of the fracture. Equally, according to the flow rates, Hele-Shaw style models give way at higher Reynolds number to those in which inertia must be considered. We develop a model framework able to include this range of flows, while still representing a significant simplification over fully three-dimensional computations. In relatively straight fractures and for fluids of moderate rheology, this simplifies into a one-dimensional model that predicts the solids concentration along a streamline within the fracture. We use this model to make estimates of the streamwise dispersion in various relevant scenarios. This model framework also predicts the transverse distributions of the solid volume fraction and velocity profiles as well as their evolutions along the flow part.
Surface shape stability analysis of a magnetic fluid in the field of an electromagnet
Authors: Becker T. I. , Naletova V. A. , Turkov V. A. , Zimmermann K.
Published: September 2017

Static surface shapes of a magnetic fluid volume between two plates in a non-uniform magnetic field are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Abrupt changes and hysteresis of the magnetic fluid surface shape are observed in the experiments when the current in the coil increases and decreases quasi-statically. The necessary and sufficient conditions for a local minimum of the energy functional are derived theoretically. A method to find stable/unstable surface shapes is developed. The ambiguity in the determination of the magnetic fluid surface shape at the same value of the current is shown. It is found that the experimentally observed surface shapes of the given magnetic fluid volume coincide with the shapes obtained numerically, and practically all of them satisfy the derived necessary and sufficient conditions of the minimum energy. The stability curves of the magnetic fluid bridge between the plates are determined experimentally and theoretically.
Effect of a surface tension imbalance on a partly submerged cylinder
Authors: Janssens Stoffel D. , Chaurasia Vikash , Fried Eliot
Published: September 2017

We perform a static analysis of a circular cylinder that forms a barrier between surfactant-laden and surfactant-free portions of a liquid–gas interface. In addition to determining the general implications of the balances for forces and torques, we quantify how the imbalance$\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{a}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{b}$between the uniform surface tension$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{a}$of the surfactant-free portion of the interface and the uniform surface tension$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{b}$of the surfactant-laden portion of the interface influences the load-bearing capacity of a hydrophobic cylinder. Moreover, we demonstrate that the difference between surface tensions on either side of a cylinder with a cross-section of arbitrary shape induces a horizontal force component$f^{h}$equal to$\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$in magnitude, when measured per unit length of the cylinder. With an energetic argument, we show that this relation also applies to a rod-like barrier with cross-sections of variable shape. In addition, we apply our analysis to amphiphilic Janus cylinders and we discuss practical implications of our findings for Marangoni propulsion and surface pressure measurements.
Compressible Rayleigh–Taylor turbulent mixing layer between Newtonian miscible fluids
Authors: Gauthier Serge
Published: September 2017

Rayleigh–Taylor instability induced turbulence between two compressible miscible Newtonian fluids is studied in a strongly stratified configuration at a moderate Atwood number. A direct numerical simulation has been carried out with an auto-adaptive multidomain Chebyshev–Fourier–Fourier numerical method. The spatial resolution is increased up to $(9\times 100)\times 1000^{2}=900M$ collocation points. These numerical data are compared with those obtained from a simulation carried out at a lower Reynolds number and at the same Atwood number, and those obtained from a simulation carried out within the Boussinesq approximation at the same Reynolds number. A comprehensive data analysis is reported. Physical-variable mean profiles – density, concentration, temperature, entropy, velocity, vorticity, helicity and palinstrophy – are provided. Anisotropy is studied in the spectral space. The intermediate-scale isotropy and the small-scale anisotropy are exhibited for the scalars, i.e. concentration and temperature. Velocity is anisotropic at all scales but this anisotropy is more marked at small scales. The data are also analysed with the Favre-averaged equations. Sources of the turbulent kinetic energy, mass flux, root-mean-square density and energy equations are analysed. Compressibility effects are discussed in particular with the Kovàsznay-mode decomposition. A statistical study is reported where skewnesses, flatnesses and probability density functions (PDFs) are displayed and commented. A flow visualization is also given. Finally, the temperature field appears to be the slave of the mixing. This conclusion is drawn from the comparison of power spectra, anisotropy spectra, skewnesses, flatnesses, PDFs and correlation coefficients. There is however a significant time lag between the density and temperature evolution.
The impact of static and dynamic roughness elements on flow separation
Authors: Servini P. , Smith F. T. , Rothmayer A. P.
Published: September 2017

The use of static or dynamic roughness elements has been shown in the past to delay the separation of a laminar boundary layer from a solid surface. Here, we examine analytically the effect of such elements on the local and breakaway separation points, corresponding respectively to the position of zero skin friction and presence of a singularity in the roughness region, for flow over a hump embedded within the boundary layer. Two types of roughness elements are studied: the first is small and placed near the point of vanishing skin friction; the second is larger and extends downstream. The forced flow solution is found as a sum of Fourier modes, reflecting the fixed frequency forcing of the dynamic roughness. Solutions for both the static and dynamic roughness show that the presence of the roughness element is able to move the separation points downstream, given an appropriate choice of roughness frequency, height, position and width. This choice is found to be qualitatively similar to that observed for leading-edge separation. Furthermore, for a negative static roughness a small region of separated flow forms at high roughness depth, although there is a critical depth above which boundary-layer breakaway moves suddenly upstream.
A statistical mechanical phase transition to turbulence in a model shear flow
Authors: Goldenfeld Nigel
Published: September 2017

It is becoming increasingly clear that the strong spatial and temporal fluctuations observed in a narrow Reynolds number regime around the laminar–turbulent transition in shear flows can best be understood using the concepts and techniques from a seemingly unrelated discipline – statistical mechanics. During the last few years, a consensus has begun to emerge that these phenomena reflect an underlying non-equilibrium phase transition exhibited by a model of interacting particles on a crystalline lattice, directed percolation, that seems very far from fluid mechanics. Now, Chantry et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 824, 2017, R1) have developed a truncated-mode computation of a model shear flow, capable of simulating systems far larger and longer than any previous study and have for the first time generated enough statistical data that a high-precision test of theory is feasible. The results broadly confirm the theory, extending the class of flows for which the directed percolation scenario holds and removing any remaining doubts that non-equilibrium statistical mechanical critical phenomena can be exhibited by the Navier–Stokes equations.
Effects of obesity, energy restriction and neutering on the faecal microbiota of cats
Authors: Fischer Manuela M. , Kessler Alexandre M. , Kieffer Dorothy A. , Knotts Trina A. , Kim Kyoungmi , Wei Alfreda , Ramsey Jon J. , Fascetti Andrea J.
Published: September 2017

Surveys report that 25–57 % of cats are overweight or obese. The most evinced cause is neutering. Weight loss often fails; thus, new strategies are needed. Obesity has been associated with altered gut bacterial populations and increases in microbial dietary energy extraction, body weight and adiposity. This study aimed to determine whether alterations in intestinal bacteria were associated with obesity, energy restriction and neutering by characterising faecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in eight lean intact, eight lean neutered and eight obese neutered cats before and after 6 weeks of energy restriction. Lean neutered cats had a bacterial profile similar to obese rodents and humans, with a greater abundance (P<0·05) of Firmicutes and lower abundance (P<0·05) of Bacteroidetes compared with the other groups. The greater abundance of Firmicutes in lean neutered cats was due to a bloom in Peptostreptococcaceae. Obese cats had an 18 % reduction in fat mass after energy restriction (P<0·05). Energy reduction was concurrent with significant shifts in two low-abundance bacterial genera and trends in four additional genera. The greatest change was a reduction in the Firmicutes genus,Sarcina, from 4·54 to 0·65 % abundance after energy restriction. The short duration of energy restriction may explain why few bacterial changes were observed in the obese cats. Additional work is needed to understand how neutering, obesity and weight loss are related to changes in feline microbiota and how these microbial shifts affect host physiology.
The Donor’s Dilemma: International Aid and Human Rights Violations
Authors: Dasandi Niheer , Erez Lior
Published: September 2017

Donor governments face a dilemma when providing development aid to states that violate human rights. While aid may contribute to positive development outcomes, it may also contribute to rights violations committed by these regimes. This article provides a conceptual framework for donors to address this dilemma in a normatively justified way. Drawing on recent methodological advancements in normative political theory, it develops a distinctively political framework of dilemmas, suggesting three models:complicity,double effectanddirty hands. It considers this framework in the context of development aid, discussing the relevant considerations for donors in different cases. The article demonstrates that an approach to development assistance that acknowledges political realities does not have to be normatively silent.
Laboratory comparison of twoAphelinus maliclades for control of woolly apple aphid from Hebei Province, China
Authors: Su M. , Tan X. , Yang Q. , Zhao C. , Wan F. , Zhou H.
Published: September 2017

Aphelinus mali(Haldeman) is an effective natural enemy of woolly apple aphid (WAA),Eriosoma lanigerum(Hausmann). Previous studies have found that, with WAA from Shandong Province (Qingdao) as the host, there are significant differences in various biological characteristics between a Shandong clade and Liaoning clade ofA. mali. The ability of the Shandong clade to control this aphid was significantly higher than that of the Liaoning clade in Shandong Province. In order to determine whether differences were caused by better adaptation of the Shandong parasitoid clade to the population of the host in that province or if it represents a more general fitness of this clade to control the host regardless of location, we compared the same parasitoid clades with hosts from Hebei Province. We found no significant differences in the developmental threshold temperature, effective accumulated temperature, fecundity, longevity, and oviposition period of the two clades, but the duration of host searching of the Shandong clade was significantly longer than that of the Liaoning clade. The instantaneous attack rate, the control ability (a/Th), the search parameter (Q) of the Shandong clade (0.0946, 0.543, 0.0725) ofA. maliwere higher than that of the Liaoning clade (0.0713, 0.382, 0.0381), and therefore, with WAA from Hebei Province as the host, the host adaptability of the Shandong clade ofA. maliwas not worse than that of the Liaoning clade, while the pest control ability of the Shandong clade was still greater than that of the Liaoning clade.
Written and Oral in Islamic Law: Documentary Evidence and Non-Muslims in Moroccan Shari‘a Courts
Authors: Marglin Jessica M.
Published: September 2017

This article begins from the premise that the margins can shine light on the center, and uses the experience of Jews (thought of as marginal in the Islamic world) in Moroccan courts (similarly thought of as marginal in Islamic history) to tell a new story about orality and writing in Islamic law. Using archival evidence from nineteenth-century Morocco, I argue that, contrary to the prevailing historiography, written evidence was central to procedure in Moroccan shari‘a courts. Records of nineteenth-century lawsuits between Jews and Muslims show that not only were notarized documents regularly submitted in court, but they could outweigh oral testimony, traditionally thought of as the gold standard of evidence in Islam. The evidentiary practices of Moroccan shari‘a courts are supported by the jurisprudential literature of the Mālikī school of Sunni Islam, the only one prevalent in Morocco. These findings have particular relevance for the experience of non-Muslims in Islamic legal institutions. Scholars have generally assumed that Jews and Christians faced serious restrictions in their ability to present evidence in shari‘a courts, since they could not testify orally against Muslims. However, in Morocco Jews had equal access to notarized documents, and thus stood on a playing field that, theoretically at least, was level with their Muslim neighbors. More broadly, I explore ways in which old assumptions about the relationship of the written to the oral continue to pervade our understanding of Islamic law, and call for an approach that breaks down the dichotomy between writing and orality.
Developing Terra Nullius: Colonialism, Nationalism, and Indigeneity in the Andaman Islands
Authors: Sen Uditi
Published: September 2017

This article explores the legal structures and discursive framings informing the governance of one particular “backward” region of India, the Andaman Islands. I trace the shifting patterns of occupation and development of the islands in the colonial and postcolonial periods, with a focus on the changes wrought by independence in 1947 and the eventual history of planned development there. I demonstrate how intersecting discourses of indigenous savagery/primitivism and the geographical emptiness were repeatedly mobilized in colonial-era surveys and postcolonial policy documents. Postcolonial visions of developing the Andaman Islands ushered in a settler-colonial governmentality, infused with genocidal fantasies of the “dying savage.” Laws professing to protect aboriginal Jarawas actually worked to unilaterally extend Indian sovereignty over the lands and bodies of a community clearly hostile to such incorporation. I question the current exclusion of India from the global geographies of settler-colonialism and argue that the violent and continuing history of indigenous marginalization in the Andaman Islands represents a de facto operation of a logic of terra nullius.
Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatusvar.rudis) in Soybean in Ontario
Authors: Schryver Mike G. , Soltani Nader , Hooker David C. , Robinson Darren E. , Tranel Patrick J. , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: September 2017

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) common waterhemp is the fifth GR weed species confirmed in Canada, and the fourth in Ontario. As of 2017, GR common waterhemp has been confirmed in Lambton, Essex, and Chatham-Kent counties in Ontario. Greenhouse and field dose–response experiments revealed that GR common waterhemp in Ontario had a resistance level of 4.5 and 28, respectively, when compared with known glyphosate-susceptible populations. At 12 wk after application, pyroxasulfone/flumioxazin (240 g ai ha−1), pyroxasulfone/sulfentrazone (300 g ai ha−1), andS-metolachlor/metribuzin (1,943 g ai ha−1) controlled GR common waterhemp 97%, 92%, and 87%, respectively. Pyroxasulfone/sulfentrazone orS-metolachlor/metribuzin applied PRE followed by acifluorfen (600 g ai ha−1) or fomesafen (240 g ai ha−1) applied POST controlled GR common waterhemp 98% and performed better than PRE or POST alone. This research is the first to determine the resistance factor of GR common waterhemp in Ontario and identifies control strategies in soybean to mitigate the impact of common waterhemp interference in soybean crop production.
Plant Growth Regulators Applied in Winter Improve Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Seedhead Suppression on Golf Greens
Authors: Askew Shawn D.
Published: September 2017

Annual bluegrass seedhead suppression on golf greens by spring-applied plant growth regulators (PGR) has been erratic between years and locations. To effectively suppress annual bluegrass seedheads on greens, current information suggest ethephon must be applied before floral initiation. Rogue seedheads, however, can sometimes be found in late winter indicating that a variable proportion of annual bluegrass plants may induce floral initiation in winter. Studies were conducted in Blacksburg and Harrisonburg, VA at five separate sites between 2011 and 2012 to determine if winter applications of ethephon or mefluidide would improve annual bluegrass seedhead suppression when applied in advance of a spring, two-treatment program. A spring, two-treatment program of ethephon plus trinexapac-ethyl reduced annual bluegrass seedhead cover 22 to 55% depending on trial and less than similar mefluidide programs. Applying an early application of ethephon in January or February prior to the spring treatment program resulted in 5 to 7 times less seedhead cover at cover maxima than the spring treatment program alone. Ethephon did not injure creeping bentgrass and caused only slight and transient discoloration to annual bluegrass. Mefluidide injured both creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass and reduced annual bluegrass population density in late spring. Programs that consisted of an early ethephon application, a spring treatment of triademifon, and two spring treatments of ethephon plus trinexapac ethyl improved seedhead suppression and turf quality but slightly increased annual bluegrass injury. Methiozolin suppressed annual bluegrass seedheads primarily through severe injury to annual bluegrass, which led to a decline in turfgrass quality and NDVI but a substantial increase in creeping bentgrass cover. Applying PGRs in winter is a novel concept and may substantially improve ethephon consistency and performance for annual bluegrass seedhead suppression on greens.
Pflegeausbildungsliteratur zwischen pflegewissenschaftlichem Anspruch und traditionellen medizinorientierten Wissensbeständen
Authors: Hellweg Monika
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung. Forschungsergebnisse zur Entstehung von Bettlägerigkeit zeigen, dass u. a. auch die Pflegenden1 bei Betroffenen den Rückzug ins Bett beschleunigen können. Soll in unserer alternden Gesellschaft einer zunehmenden Bettlägerigkeit vorgebeugt werden, benötigen Pflegende Wissen über den Prozess des Bettlägerigwerdens. Ein wichtiges Medium dazu sind Pflegelehrbücher2. Nachfolgend wird evaluiert, inwiefern pflegewissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zu dem Thema in die Pflegeausbildungsliteratur aufgenommen wurden.
Heute angelernt – morgen Fachkraft
Authors: Schnabel Bernhard , Schneider Ulrike
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung. Im Ausbildungsprojekt „aufwärts! in der Altenpflege“ qualifizierten sich von 2012 bis 2015 19 angelernte Pflegehelfer / innen erfolgreich als Altenpflegerinnen und Altenpfleger. Besondere konzeptionelle Schwerpunkte der Ausbildung bilden das „Lernen im Prozess der Arbeit“, das „Drei-Lernorte-Prinzip“ sowie das „Praxisanleiter-Plus-Konzept“. Von den Projekterfahrungen gehen wichtige Erkenntnisse für die Gestaltung zielgruppenspezifischer Nachqualifizierungen in den Pflegeberufen aus.
Witnessing the quantumness of a system by observing only its classical features
Authors: Marletto C. , Vedral V.
Published: September 2017

A central problem in fundamental physics is to witness the non-classicality of systems whose dynamics is not completely specified. For example, this arises in testing predictions that a macroscopic system, such as a living system, obeys quantum theory. Notoriously, also, it has been claimed that witnessing non-classicality in the gravitational field is practically impossible. Here, we propose a thought experiment that witnesses the non-classicality of a physical system by probing it with a qubit, without having to assume any specific dynamics on the physical system. Remarkably, this experiment does not require any quantum control of the system, involving only measuring a single classical observable on it. That non-classicality of a system can be established indirectly, by coupling it to a qubit, opens up exciting possibilities, for example, that quantum gravitational effects might be witnessed in the lab.
Global warming not so harmful for all plants - response of holomycotrophic orchid species for the future climate change
Authors: Kolanowska Marta , Kras Marta , Lipińska Monika , Mystkowska Katarzyna , Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Naczk Aleksandra M.
Published: September 2017

Current and expected changes in global climate are major threat for biological diversity affecting individuals, communities and ecosystems. However, there is no general trend in the plants response to the climate change. The aim of present study was to evaluate impact of the future climate changes on the distribution of holomycotrophic orchid species using ecological niche modeling approach. Three different scenarios of future climate changes were tested to obtain the most comprehensive insight in the possible habitat loss of 16 holomycotrophic orchids. The extinction of Cephalanthera austiniae was predicted in all analyses. The coverage of suitable niches of Pogoniopsis schenckii will decrease to 1–30% of its current extent. The reduction of at least 50% of climatic niche of Erythrorchis cassythoides and Limodorum abortivum will be observed. In turn, the coverage of suitable niches of Hexalectris spicata, Uleiorchis ulaei and Wullschlaegelia calcarata may be even 16–74 times larger than in the present time. The conducted niche modeling and analysis of the similarity of their climatic tolerance showed instead that the future modification of the coverage of their suitable niches will not be unified and the future climate changes may be not so harmful for holomycotrophic orchids as expected.
Imaging of compartmentalised intracellular nitric oxide, induced during bacterial phagocytosis, using a metalloprotein–gold nanoparticle conjugate
Authors: Leggett Richard , Thomas Paul , Marín María J. , Gavrilovic Jelena , Russell David A.
Published: September 2017

Imaging of the in situ production of nitric oxide following phagocytosis of Escherichia coli bacteria using a NO nanobiosensor.
A highly selective fluorescence turn-on detection of ClO−with 1-methyl-1,2-dihydropyridine-2-thione unit modified tetraphenylethylene
Authors: Dong Xiaobiao , Zhang Guanxin , Shi Jinbiao , Wang Yuancheng , Wang Ming , Peng Qian , Zhang Deqing
Published: September 2017

A novel fluorescent probe for ClO−is developed by the combination of a new ClO−responsive unit and the aggregation induced-emission feature of tetraphenylethylene.
Solvent-mediated purification of hexa-molybdenum cluster halide, Cs2[Mo6Cl14] for enhanced optical properties
Authors: Saito Norio , Lemoine Pierric , Cordier Stéphane , Wada Yoshiki , Ohsawa Takeo , Saito Noriko , Grasset Fabien , Cross Jeffrey Scott , Ohashi Naoki
Published: September 2017

An octahedral molybdenum cluster compound, Cs2[Mo6Cl14], was purified by recrystallization with hydrophilic alcohol solvents for enhancing its luminescence efficiency.
Geometrical flexibility of platinum nanoclusters: impacts on catalytic decomposition of ethylene glycol
Authors: Mahmoodinia Mehdi , Trinh Thuat T. , Åstrand Per-Olof , Tran Khanh-Quang
Published: September 2017

The structural flexibility and the coordinative unsaturation of Pt13clusters make them a better catalyst than a Pt surface for hydrogen production from biomass materials.
Planarization of B20 clusters by Si and C atom substitution
Authors: Lu Qi Liang , Luo Qi Quan , Li Yi De , Huang Shou Guo
Published: September 2017

The structures of B19Si and B19C.
Engineering nanoparticles for sensing and biomedical applications: a themed collection
Authors: Khashab Niveen M. , Durand Jean-Olivier , Zink Jeffrey I.
Published: September 2017

Guest editors Niveen M. Khashab, Jean-Olivier Durand and Jeffrey I. Zink introduce this themed collection of papers.
Synthesis and structural characterization of metal complexes with macrocyclic tetracarbene ligands
Authors: Fei Fan , Lu Taotao , Chen Xue-Tai , Xue Zi-Ling
Published: September 2017

Fourteen Ag(i), Au(i), Ni(ii), Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) complexes were prepared with macrocyclic tetradentate N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands.
Synthesis of kinase inhibitors containing a pentafluorosulfanyl moiety
Authors: Sansook Supojjanee , Ocasio Cory A. , Day Iain J. , Tizzard Graham J. , Coles Simon J. , Fedorov Oleg , Bennett James M. , Elkins Jonathan M. , Spencer John
Published: September 2017

A series of 3-methylidene-1H-indol-2(3H)-ones substituted with a 5- or 6-pentafluorosulfanyl group has been synthesized by a Knoevenagel condensation reaction of SF5-substituted oxindoles with a range of aldehydes.
A copper-catalyzed tandem reaction for the construction of coumarin fused 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles
Authors: Jin Shao-Jing , Guo Jiao-Mei , Zhu Yan-Shuo , Wang Qi-Lin , Bu Zhan-Wei
Published: September 2017

An efficient copper-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts alkylation/cyclization/isomerization sequence of 3-arylcarbonyl coumarins and 3-methyl indole was developed to afford a wide range of functionalized coumarin fused 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles with a 6-6-5-5-6 pentacyclic core.
Asymmetric synthesis of dihydrocoumarins via the organocatalytic hetero-Diels–Alder reaction of ortho-quinone methides
Authors: Zhang Lili , Liu Yang , Liu Kun , Liu Zhantao , He Ningning , Li Wenjun
Published: September 2017

Asymmetric synthesis of the dihydrocoumarin skeletonviathe organocatalytic [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction ofortho-quinone methides with azlactones.
Intermediate bands of MoS2 enabled by Co doping for enhanced hydrogen evolution
Authors: Pan Jie , Song Changsheng , Wang Xin , Yuan Xiaotao , Fang Yuqiang , Guo Chenguang , Zhao Wei , Huang Fuqiang
Published: September 2017

Half-filled intermediate bands induced by Co doping promote the hydrogen evolution reaction.
An expedient and novel strategy for reductive amination by employing H2O as both a hydrogen source and solventviaB2(OH)4/H2O systems
Authors: Wei Yahui , Zhao Cong , Xuan Qingqing , Song Qiuling
Published: September 2017

An efficient, convenient and mild Ru-catalyzed reductive amination reaction was developed by employing H2O as both hydrogen source and solventviaB2(OH)4/H2O systems. α-Deuterated amines were also obtained expediently by employing D2O in our catalytic systems.
Rapid self-healing and recycling of multiple-responsive mechanically enhanced epoxy resin/graphene nanocomposites
Authors: Cai Chenting , Zhang Yue , Zou Xueting , Zhang Rongchun , Wang Xiaoliang , Wu Qiang , Sun Pingchuan
Published: September 2017

A rapid self-healing and recyclable high-performance crosslinked epoxy resin (ER)/graphene nanocomposite is reported by simultaneously incorporating thermally reversible Diels–Alder (DA) covalent bonds and multiple-responsive graphene into the ER matrix.
Controlling the generation of bilayer and multilayer vesicles in block copolymer/epoxy blends by a slow photopolymerization process
Authors: Puig J. , Ceolín M. , Williams R. J. J. , Schroeder W. F. , Zucchi I. A.
Published: September 2017

Block copolymer vesicles were obtained in an epoxy matrix through a sphere > cylinder > vesicle morphological transition driven by slow photopolymerization at RT.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking induced unidirectional rotation of a chain-grafted colloidal particle in the active bath
Authors: Li Hui-shu , Wang Chao , Tian Wen-de , Ma Yu-qiang , Xu Cheng , Zheng Ning , Chen Kang
Published: September 2017

Unidirectional rotation of a hairy colloidal particle in the active bath of high “activity”.
Direct photolithographic patterning of cuprous oxide thin films via photoelectrodeposition
Authors: Lowe James M. , Yan Qigeng , Benamara Mourad , Coridan Robert H.
Published: September 2017

The photocathodic properties of cuprous oxide enable the light-directed patterning of electodeposited thin films.
Pd-Impregnated NiCo2O4nanosheets/porous carbon composites as a free-standing and binder-free catalyst for a high energy lithium–oxygen battery
Authors: Agyeman Daniel Adjei , Park Mihui , Kang Yong-Mook
Published: September 2017

A novel free-standing air electrode with various structural and electrochemical merits was designed for a highly reversible lithium–oxygen battery.
Tetrakis(trialkylsilylethynylphenyl)ethenes: mechanofluorochromism arising from steric considerations with an unusual crystal structure
Authors: Ramachandran Elumalai , Dhamodharan Raghavachari
Published: September 2017

Reversible mechanofluorochromism of the luminophores TPE(TIPS)4and TPE(TMS)4, arising as a consequence of planarization brought through the steric handle is reported. TPE(TMS)4, shows an unusual crystal structure possessing no short range intermolecular interactions.
Ternary organic solar cells: compatibility controls for morphology evolution of active layers
Authors: Ai Qingyun , Zhou Weihua , Zhang Lin , Huang Liqiang , Yin Jingping , Yu Zoukangning , Liu Siqi , Ma Wei , Zeng Jianrong , Chen Yiwang
Published: September 2017

Compatibility between components described by Flory–Huggins parameters controls morphology evolution in ternary organic solar cells.
Asynchronous output regulation with passivity control for a class of switched stochastic delay systems
Authors: Jin Cui‐li , Li Li‐li , Wang Rui , Karimi H.R.
Published: September 2017

In this study, the problem of output regulation with passive performance control is investigated for a class of switched stochastic delay systems by using an average dwell time approach. It is assumed that the system under consideration is subject to the existence of time delays in both states and the regulators switching signal which causes asynchronous switching between candidate regulators and subsystems. By construction of a Lyapunov–Krasovskii (L–K) functional, sufficient conditions for the existence of the corresponding regulators are derived from the cases where the states are measurable and unmeasurable, respectively. Then, a switching signal is designed based on the upper bounds of the time delays. Finally, simulation examples are provided to illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
Adaptive decentralised control of fluid networks with random disturbances
Authors: Zhu Song , Wang Min , Liu Yingke
Published: September 2017

This study is devoted to control of fluid networks subject to random disturbance. Adopting stochastic differential equation theory, an improved model is presented to incorporate not only the non‐linearities induced by fan branch but also random disturbances. On the basis of the model, combining decentralised control and adaptive control techniques, the mean square exponential stability is proposed. According to the proposed stability, the desired equilibrium of fluid flows could be ensured by setting controllers just related to links. Two engineering examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
New necessary and sufficient conditions for finite‐time stability of impulsive switched linear time‐varying systems
Authors: Chen Guopei , Yang Ying
Published: September 2017

This note considers the problem of finite‐time stability (FTS) for impulsive switched linear time‐varying (LTV) systems. First, two improved necessary and sufficient conditions are proposed to verify the FTS of LTV by employing an indefinite Lyapunov function. Then, the results obtained are extended to study the FTS of impulsive switched LTV systems, two new necessary and sufficient conditions are given by using common indefinite Lyapunov function and piecewise indefinite Lyapunov functions. Compared with the existing results, the conditions obtained allow the time derivative of Lyapunov functions of subsystems to be indefinite and have a tighter upper bound, moreover, all subsystems are also allowed to be not FTS. Furthermore, the construction method of switching signal is given, moreover, using function‐dependent dwell time methods, three sufficient conditions of FTS are also proposed for the systems. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results.
Model predictive control synthesis for constrained Markovian jump linear systems with bounded disturbance
Authors: Lu Jianbo , Xi Yugeng , Li Dewei , Xu Yuli , Gan Zhongxue
Published: September 2017

For controller design, exogenous disturbance, which commonly exists in real applications, is an important factor to be considered. However, the existing results on constrained model predictive control (MPC) design for Markovian jump linear systems (MJLS) mainly focused on the disturbance‐free case. This motivated to study constrained MPC synthesis for MJLS with bounded additive disturbance. By projecting the desired closed loop trajectories onto a set of predetermined trajectories, the adopted predictive control law is a sum of these corresponding stabilising control laws. Constraints are guaranteed by restricting the augmented state into a maximal output admissible set. Then the MPC algorithm is given by optimising the infinite horizon sum of deviation of the quadratic cost from its steady‐state value. Under the MPC algorithm, the long run average cost is proved to be less than or equal to its steady‐state value, which equals to the optimal one when one of the constituent control laws is chosen to be the optimal control law. The optimisation and analysis of determination of projection coefficients have also been discussed. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the proposed results.