bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of the biostability of organic bases of paints for wood
Authors: Guzii Sergii , Bazhelka Ihar , Kanavalava Anastasiya
Published: November 2021

The biostability of organic film-formers of paints and varnishes intended for staining wood to the action of the fungus Aspergillus niger was studied. It was found that in Sabouraud's environment on days 7, 14 and 21 from the beginning of infection, the epoxy hardener is characterized by the minimum level of damage, respectively, 1, 1.6 and 2.4 points; alkyd film former has 2 points, and in subsequent time intervals 3.7 points; epoxy resin on day 7 is characterized by a lesion level of 1.7 points, on the following days of exposure – 4 points; pentaphthalic film former, respectively, 2.7, 3.7 and 4 points. According to the degree of resistance in the Sabouraud environment, organic film-formers of wood paints can be ranked as follows: epoxy (hardener)>alkyd>epoxy resin>pentaphthalic>organosilicon. It is shown that in the environment of Czapek on 7, 14 and 21 days from the beginning of infection, the minimum level of damage is characterized by an epoxy hardener, respectively, 2, 2.3 and 3 points; pentaphthalic film former, respectively, 2 and 3 points; alkyd film former, respectively, 2.4, 3.7 and 4 points; epoxy resin on day 7 is characterized by a lesion level of 3 points, on the following days of exposure – 4 points. According to the degree of resistance in the environment of Czapek, organic film-forming agents for wood paints can be ranked as follows: epoxy (hardener)>pentaphthalic>alkyd>epoxy resin>organosilicon. Organosilicon film-formers were most intensively affected by the fungus both 7 days after exposure and at a later time, reaching the maximum values of the lesions – 4 points. During the test period, no zones of mycelium growth inhibition were observed in the studied organic bases
Experimental implementation of Raman scattering spectroscopy, photoluminescence and some optical properties of silver nanoparticles created by eco-friendly technique
Authors: Jassim Nadia Mohammed , Ali Alyaa Hussein , Mohammed Ammar Jassim
Published: November 2021

The object of research is studying Raman scattering technique, photoluminescence and some optical properties of silver nanoparticles created by eco-friendly technique which independent on a long time, effort, energy and high temperatures, and with the highest adsorption capacity in order to achieve a high inhibition to paralyze the activity of the bacterial wall, by achieving the highest surface plasmon resonance (SRR). Silver nanoparticles were prepared using Matricaria Flower extract. Characterization of silver nanoparticles and detection of their effectiveness against microbial using two types of bacteria (Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus ), these nanoparticles were measured using a number of measurements, X-ray diffraction measurement, Energy Dispersion (EDX), (FESEM), U–V Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Photoluminescence (PL) properties of silver nanoparticle at room temperature and Raman scattering spectroscopy were investigated. The Scherrer’s equation was used to calculate the crystallite size of Silver nanoparticles, the average crystallite size is 48.64 nm. The PL spectra of silver nanoparticles exhibit two emission bands: one is in the UV region 350 nm and the other is in the visible region 650 nm. This is roughly identical to the absorption spectrum results. The antimicrobial activity was tested against gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Prepared Ag NPs exhibited inhibitory activity in both types of bacteria strains at best selectivity against gram-negative bacteria.

An eco-friendly technique is used for synthesizing technique to produce silver nanoparticles with the expected best application properties. These research results suitable to be use the Silver nanoparticles in sensors and many electronic, electrical, medical and biological applications
The Zn, S, and Cl isotope compositions of mare basalts: Implications for the effects of eruption style and pressure on volatile element stable isotope fractionation on the Moon
Authors: Gargano Anthony , Dottin James , Hopkins Sean S. , Sharp Zachary , Shearer Charles , Halliday Alex N. , Larner Fiona , Farquar James , Simon Justin I.
Published: November 2021

We compare the stable isotope compositions of Zn, S, and Cl for Apollo mare basalts to better constrain the sources and timescales of lunar volatile loss. Mare basalts have broadly elevated yet limited ranges in δ66Zn, δ34S, and δ37ClSBC+WSC values of 1.27 ± 0.71, 0.55 ± 0.18, and 4.1 ± 4.0‰, respectively, compared to the silicate Earth at 0.15, –1.28, and 0‰, respectively. We find that the Zn, S, and Cl isotope compositions are similar between the low- and high-Ti mare basalts, providing evidence of a geochemical signature in the mare basalt source region that is inherited from lunar formation and magma ocean crystallization. The uniformity of these compositions implies mixing following mantle overturn, as well as minimal changes associated with subsequent mare magmatism. Degassing of mare magmas and lavas did not contribute to the large variations in Zn, S, and Cl isotope compositions found in some lunar materials (i.e., 15‰ in δ66Zn, 60‰ in δ34S, and 30‰ in δ37Cl). This reflects magma sources that experienced minimal volatile loss due to high confining pressures that generally exceeded their equilibrium saturation pressures. Alternatively, these data indicate effective isotopic fractionation factors were near unity.

Our observations of S isotope compositions in mare basalts contrast to those for picritic glasses (Saal and Hauri 2021), which vary widely in S isotope compositions from –14.0 to 1.3‰, explained by extensive degassing of picritic magmas under high-P/PSat values (>0.9) during pyroclastic eruptions. The difference in the isotope compositions of picritic glass beads and mare basalts may result from differences in effusive (mare) and explosive (picritic) eruption styles, wherein the high-gas contents necessary for magma fragmentation would result in large effective isotopic fractionation factors during degassing of picritic magmas. Additionally, in highly vesiculated basalts, the δ34S and δ37Cl values of apatite grains are higher and more variable than the corresponding bulk-rock values. The large isotopic range in the vesiculated samples is explained by late-stage low-pressure “vacuum” degassing (P/PSat ~ 0) of mare lavas wherein vesicle formation and apatite crystallization took place post-eruption. Bulk-rock mare basalts were seemingly unaffected by vacuum degassing. Degassing of mare lavas only became important in the final stages of crystallization recorded in apatite—potentially facilitated by cracks/fractures in the crystallizing flow. We conclude that samples with wide-ranging volatile element isotope compositions are likely explained by localized processes, which do not represent the bulk Moon.
Determination of horizontal stress orientation in the areas of the Tomsk region
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Antonov Anton E. , Shadrin Andrei S. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Konoshonkin Dmitrii V. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Rukavishnikov Valerii S. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Petrova Daria S. ,   Gazpromneft–Technological Partnerships
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The World Stress Map project proves that horizontal stress orientation determination is a global task essential for the majority of geomechanical calculations. However, there is scant data on stress orientations in the territory of Russia at the moment. The task is therefore highly relevant. Research objective is to determine the orientations of maximum and minimum horizontal stresses by separate areas of the Tomsk region and build a map of horizontal stresses. Method of research. The basis for determining the orientations of horizontal stresses is the theory of drilling-induced fracture and borehole breakouts occurrence. The maximum stress orientation coincides with the drilling-induced fracture orientation, whereas the minimum stress orientation coincides with the borehole breakouts orientation or is perpendicular to the maximum stresses. Results. Research results are compiled in a summary table containing mean orientations of horizontal stresses by areas and a map of horizontal stress orientations. Conclusions. A summary map of maximum horizontal stress strike azimuths has been constructed. The stresses are of similar orientation in every well under consideration, except for a well in the North-Shingin area. The average value of maximum horizontal stress orientation has made up 337° northwest and 157° southeast.
Quantum error correction and large $N$
Authors: Milekhin Alexey
Published: November 2021

In recent years quantum error correction (QEC) has become an
important part of AdS/CFT. Unfortunately, there are no field-theoretic
arguments about why QEC holds in known holographic systems. The purpose
of this paper is to fill this gap by studying the error correcting
properties of the fermionic sector of various large
NN
theories. Specifically we examine SU(N)SU(N)
matrix quantum mechanics and 3-rank tensor
O(N)^3O(N)3
theories. Both of these theories contain large gauge groups. We argue
that gauge singlet states indeed form a quantum error correcting code.
Our considerations are based purely on large
NN
analysis and do not appeal to a particular form of Hamiltonian or
holography.
Industry 4.0 whithin Innovation: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Salazar-Velázquez Ricardo , Mejía-Trejo Juan
Published: November 2021

Introduction: the purpose of this research is to analyze the relationships and growth trends of Industry 4.0 within the global universe of current literature on innovation, limited to the subject area of business, administration, and accounting by means of a bibliometric analysis.
Method: Scopus is used as a database for the analysis of 513 documents for the period from 1998 to 2021. VOS viewer was used for processing Scopus database and elaboration of figures representing the relationships between samples.               
Results: the number of documents is exponentially growing, starting with a trend in 2017 and increasing ever since. The most dynamic source is Technological Forecasting And Social Change. The author with most documents is Voight, K. L. with 10, and the most distinguished institution is the University of Johannesburg with 14 documents. The country with more documents is Italy, with 69. According to the database 69 % of the total documents are articles and 23,4 % are conference papers. The number of documents in the area of Business, Management and Accounting, with 513 documents, exceeds by far any other area, representing 42 % of all documents. The funding sponsor with more documents is the National Natural Science Foundations of China with 13 documents. Some of the most updated organizations are Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, The center for digital labor markets. The country with more documents is United Kingdom with 50 documents and 584 citations, followed by United States with 1110 citations. United States has mainly bonds with China, Australia, United Kingdom, Germany and Italy. United Kingdom has mainly bonds with France, Italy, Germany and United States. China’s main relations are Australia, United States, Pakistan, Taiwan, Turkey, Brazil and South Korea. Italy’s main bonds are France, Spain, Brazil, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, Austria and Portugal. It could be determined that countries are mostly grouped in 6 clusters.
Conclusion: Although there are not many publications yet, it can be inferred that the term industry 4.0 within the available literature of innovation will keep increasing exponentially over time reinforcing relations between authors, institutions and countries. Based on the current state of literature, the subject area of business, management, and accounting will keep on being the one that encompasses most of the available documents.
Impact of COVID-19 on monthly water consumption on a tropical tourism island: case study of Phuket (Thailand)
Authors: Changklom Jiramate , Surasaranwong Tas , Jowwongsan Praewa , Lipiwattanakarn Surachai , Pornprommin Adichai
Published: November 2021

Phuket is a tropical island in Thailand that is famous for tourism. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the number of tourists reducing to almost zero. Since tourism contributes around one-half of the gross provincial product of Phuket, the impact was so severe that even the numbers of people employed and registered as locals decreased. Analysing the data from January 2015 to March 2021, we found that the total, residential and non-residential monthly consumptions dropped significantly after Thailand's State of Emergency was declared in March 2020. Unlike other studies that reported residential consumption increasing when people were required to stay home for a prolonged period, Phuket's residential consumption decreased by more than 10% from the pre-COVID-19 level, possibly due to the drop in peer-to-peer accommodation bookings. To study the impact on consumption in detail, we modelled using cascade regression analysis by dividing the predictors into three groups, namely socioeconomics, weather and calendar period. The results showed that the number of guest arrivals was the most statistically significant in all types of consumption and should be used as a predictor for water demand forecasting models in tourism areas.
Integrated watershed development plan for a sub-basin, central India
Authors: Nair Saranya C. , Mirajkar A. B.
Published: November 2021

The present study aims to propose an integrated watershed development plan for the Wainganga basin situated in Maharashtra, India. Also, the study involves evaluating the performance and applicability of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) as a runoff model along with the trend analysis of rainfall for the above mentioned study area. The decadal land-use/land-cover (LULC) variation from 1985 to 2005 has been studied using data procured from Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES-DISC) and the groundwater table level of the study area was monitored using dug/bore well data collected from the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB). Rainfall trend analysis for a period of 101 years using historic rainfall data procured from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) has been analyzed to foresee the future scenario. It was observed that the rainfall-runoff relationship of the area is getting affected by the LULC variation and is thereby affecting the groundwater regime. There is a significant deterioration in the forest cover and water bodies which is alarming. The study devises the importance of an immediate master plan to be implemented in the basin to avoid any future crisis. Also, the study emphasizes the advancement of remote sensing in the use of hydrologic models like SWAT more realistically.
El goce de mirar
Authors: Bonilla Abello Juan
Published: November 2021

Esta obra es un llamado a examinar lo minúsculo y olvidado, lo que el ciudadano común percibe sin darse cuenta, sin darle mayor importancia. Aunque muy pocos lo aprecian, por medio del lente se puede captar lo sublime y conmovedor de los contrastes presentes y efímeros que por el arte trascienden a la ardua y exigente posteridad. La intuición lleva al autor a aprovecharse de manera audaz del regalo de la luz para moldear magníficos elementos que esperan ser descubiertos por el observador enclaustrado en la cotidianidad. De esta forma, el autor hace uso de las posibilidades que ofrece la fotografía en blanco y negro como catalizador para intensificar formas y presencias. En palabras del autor: Estas obras fueron concebidas en medio de la cotidianidad, donde la indiferencia ataca con ahínco los elementos que presento, opacados por obras majestuosas, tan distantes de lo que produzco con mi óptica, dándole prioridad a lo útil y olvidado, que, en mi concepto, encierra una fascinación singular que trato de congelar para saciar las ansias de ver la belleza oculta de lo común y poco ponderado, gozando del mirar sin ser observado.
THE ROLE OF FABRIC BANNERS FOR COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IN DIGITAL ERA
Authors: Zainol Rosilawati , Hong Ching Goh , Mohd @ Ahmad Ibrahim , Nordin Ahmad Nikmatul Adha , Baharom Siti Maisara , Tengku Hamzah Tengku Adeline Adura
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the role of fabric banners as a communication medium for community engagement, which would be the relevant communication medium for public participation in the development plan process. Discussions are based on findings from a study conducted in Subang Jaya-USJ, Selangor where the main objective was to evaluate the relevance of fabric banners as a communication medium in eliciting public participation in community engagements. The study was within a theoretical framework that links community engagement, urban way of life and the Media Richness Theory. Primary data were collected through self-administered survey under the purposive sampling method and in-depth interviews involving 100 local residents of Subang Jaya-USJ. Findings demonstrated that fabric banners are still relevant and functioning as an effective communication medium in community engagement, particularly in Subang Jaya-USJ. Thus, this type of communication medium should be seriously considered in town planning public participation process.
TRIPOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF VFR TRAVEL IN CONTEXT OF MALAYSIAN DOMESTIC TRAVELERS
Authors: Syed Darar Sharifaah Eisyahtun , Ismail Hairul Nizam
Published: November 2021

VFR travel is a form of travel that involves visiting family and friends as purpose of visit, or as part of activity. Travelling with the purpose of VFR has been recorded as the main purpose of travel for Malaysian domestic travel market in 2014 where the 46% travelers are travelling for this purpose. However, there is less study in this market especially in context of Malaysian domestic market. Past study has shown that this market seems to be neglected because it did not seem to give a huge impact economically. This market was assumed not utilizing tourism services and not participating in tourism activity. This paper is aim to examine the tripographic of VFR travelers where it assess the trip characteristic of VFR travel in order to have a better understanding of this market in context of domestic travelers. A survey was carried in selected area that packed with domestic travelers. Data obtained used in comparing the trip characteristics among VFR market travelers and non-VFR travelers. This result is useful for marketing strategy and a key planning for tourism destination.
THE IMPACT OF ISKANDAR MALAYSIA DEVELOPMENT ON URBAN AMENITIES
Authors: Razak Muhammad Rafeq , Johar Foziah , Abd Khalil Rabiatul Adawiyah
Published: November 2021

For major cities in Malaysia, globalized urban images are enthusiastically pursued by urban policy and explicitly depicted as a blueprint for a civilized city life. These developments have implications to physical and socio-economic developments as well as cultural aspects of cities in Malaysia. This is especially true for Iskandar Malaysia (IM), a new corridor development envisioned to be a â€œsustainable conurbation of internationalstandingâ€Ÿ. The whole initiatives targeted an enormous increase in socio-economic development indicators such as populations (222%), workforce (233%), and per-capita GDP (210%) during a 20-year period of 2005-2025. Since its establishment in 2006, Iskandar Malaysia has witnessed wide spread urban renewal and new urban/suburban projects which resulted in distinct physical and socio-economic changes. One of the challenges to urban consumption is the provision and allocation of amenities to people within the region. A main concern of this paper is to identify the impact of Iskandar Malaysia development on urban amenities distribution. The 2000 and 2010 census data will be explored using GIS to explain the spatial distribution of health, education and safety amenities. This information will be matched with the residential distribution to determine amenitiesâ€™ location, distribution and accessibility.
AN OVERVIEW OF CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE DELIVERY OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES
Authors: Muhammad Zayyanu , Kwang Sik Kim , Johar Foziah , Sabri Soheil
Published: November 2021

The inability of the public sector to independently meet the increasing demand for infrastructure and services has prompted many governments to adopt Public-private partnership (PPP) as an alternative strategy. In worldwide practices, however, there are mixed results and controversy in the application of PPP model. The Public-private partnership has, for this reason, become an increasingly active research area mainly to establish the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) towards improving the PPP model. This article reviews the current debate on the subject of PPP and compares the findings of different literature regarding the relative importance of CSFs of PPP projects. The authors argue that the CSFs of PPP projects are distinctive to the context of location and time. The article concludes that this subjectivity has implications for the â€œguaranteedâ€ success of both existing and future PPP projects.
THE PROVISION OF VERTICAL SOCIAL POCKETS FOR BETTER SOCIAL INTERACTION IN HIGH-RISE LIVING
Authors: Siew Bee Aw , Poh Im Lim
Published: November 2021

High-rise living makes it difficult for social communities to form despite the provision of several dedicated social spaces at ground, podium, mid- and roof-levels, partially due to the sheer number of residents per block. The pull of easily-accessed, solitary recreational activities such as surfing the Internet and watching television further exacerbates the problem. Social spaces need to be brought closer to residents to promote social interaction. This paper proposes to improve social interaction by supplementing currently stratified social spaces with vertically-connected social hubs using existing transitional spaces in high-rise living, such as the lift lobby, to create micro-communities comprising the residents of each respective floor in a cost-effective way. Previous research indicated that strong communities look after each other, indicating that the creation of microcommunities will create an effect not unlike the defensible space theory. Therefore, this paper analyses residential high-rise layouts based on chosen case studies in Malaysia, then suggests several possible design outcomes that turn the lift lobby into social spaces at every floor level.
A DISCRETE CHOICE MODEL FOR FIRM LOCATION DECISION
Authors: Che Man Noordini , Timmerman Harry
Published: November 2021

Where to locate? It is one of the most important question in locating a business in a city. In the city center, business or firms are functioning as a dominant attractor of employment and also employment locations which linked the land use and transportation system. The objective of this paper is to describe the location model of firms in Kuala Lumpur area. Two important determinants of location choice model in this study are the accessibility measures and the suitability analysis indicators. The model focuses on the statistical technique for analyzing discrete choice data by using econometric and Geographic Information System software. The findings in this paper show that agriculture, mining, electricity, gas and water, transport and finance firms' type are mostly located outside of Kuala Lumpur's Central Business District area. Meanwhile, manufacturing, construction and wholesale firms' type are located in the Central Business District area. The result of this study will highlight the use of discrete choice models in the analysis of firm location decisions which will be a foundation to facilitate town planners and decision makers to understand the firm location decisions in their region.
EXPLORING THE IMPLEMENTATION AND SUCCESS OF GREEN URBAN MOBILITY IN ASIAN CITIES
Authors: Sultan Zahid , H. Tini Nuhu , Moeinaddini Mehdi
Published: November 2021

Urban population is rapidly increasing at the rate of 1.83% worldwide. This is accompanied by rise in auto-mobile ownership, which conversely imposes adverse environmental, health, economic and social impact in cities. Green Mobility has emerged as the best approach for promoting sustainable and environmental-friendly transportation in modern cities. This paper relied on secondary data to critically review current transport problems, efforts toward ensuring sustainable green mobility, success of the policies and challenges facing the process in Asian cities. The study found that urban transport problems are becoming worst in the cities. However, efforts are in place to reduce car footprint and promote green mobility in the cities. The global overall average score of cities is estimated at 43.9%, while Asia-Pacific cities have 42.8% average score of green mobility performance. The challenges militating against growth of green mobility in cities include fragmented management, lack of clear vision and strategy for the system, and inadequate infrastructure among others. Integrated and coordinated approach is one of the recommendations made towards ensuring sustainable green mobility in cities.
THE EVOLVEMENT OF BRAND IDENTITY OF LANGKAWI ISLAND, MALAYSIA
Authors: Mohd Yusof Mohd Fadil , Ismail Hairul Nizam
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the brand identity development efforts of Langkawi Island as one of the most prominent and well-guarded tourism destinations in Malaysia. It will be viewed from the historical perspectives for the last 35 years since the 1980s until the present time as to how this involvement influences the formation of its brand identity and later, the existing destination image. Based on in-depth interviews with eleven different levels of managers of separate divisions for destination management organizations (DMOs) in Langkawi Island, Malaysia, theoretically, the findings provide an opportunity to expand the knowledge of destination brand identity development and the involvement of DMOs in influencing image making over time. Practically, the findings indicate three key important antecedents of brand identity development efforts related to: (1) the effects from multiple positioning themes and slogans, (2) the important of brand coordination, and (3) brand leadership issue. These empirical findings provide new insights into enhancing the theoretical aspect of managing a destination brand, including its close relationship with issues faced by destination marketing organizations in managing destination branding strategy. Thus, using the case study of Langkawi Island, the context of multiple identities or image fragmentation is important to be understood due to the different perceived ideas on how the image should be projected according to stakeholders and market segmentation.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND USE COMPOSITION AND PM10 POLLUTION IN ISKANDAR MALAYSIA
Authors: Zikri Zahari Muhammad Azahar , Majid M. Rafee , Chin Siong Ho , Nordin Nadhirah , Kurata Gakuji
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses the relationship between land use composition and the degree of air pollution, specifically PM10, in Iskandar Malaysia. Aspiring to be a low carbon region and a smart city, Iskandar Malaysia has to meet the social and economic needs of its growing population while taking care of all the environmental challenges that come with rapid urbanization. The intermittent regional haze episodes in the past years have shrouded this region with particulate matters including PM10, but the major cause of the haze was extensive agricultural open burning rather than land use change. Since there is no doubt land use change itself can be a significant contributor to local PM10 concentration, separating PM10 caused by the local (land use change) source from that of the regional source would enable us to investigate the trend in local PM10 pollution level. Therefore, a study on the Iskandar Malaysiaâ€™s PM10 readings for the years 2002, 2006 and 2008 was carried out with the aim to identify the relationship between land use composition and PM10 concentrations. The background concentration of PM10 was extracted by using the base flow separation process commonly used in the hydrograph study. The extracted background concentration was then interpolated with the Terra MODIS level 2 product to identify the PM10 concentration for the whole Iskandar Malaysia region, spatially. Since data for land use changes are compositional data in nature, where the percentages of different land use coverages always add up to unity, the barycentric or ternary plot had been used to investigate the relationship between PM10 concentrations with the land use composition (urban:agriculture:forest) in Iskandar Malaysia. The results show that air quality as represented by PM10 concentrations are inevitably linked to the land use changes at the local level notwithstanding the more noticeable but intermittent influence of the regional haze episodes. The degree of air pollution is noticeably controlled by the percentage of urban land use with PM10 clearly affected by the size of commercial area.
APPRECIATION OF VERTICAL GREENERY IN A CITY AS PUBLIC
Authors: Mansor Mazlina , Zakariya Khalilah , Harun Nor Zalina , Abu Bakar Nur Izzah
Published: November 2021

Vertical greenery (VG) is greenery where plants can be grown on, up, or against internal or external walls of buildings or as freestanding structures. Whereas, public art (PA) is a structure or form that contains an artistic expression. It is placed in public spaces. VG has gained tremendous popularity in recent years, and this offers an opportunity to integrate it as a part of public art in cities. A place with a combination of art and aesthetics with environmental principles would become a new urban art that will help extend VGâ€™s survivability and human security in the future. Most research in VG focuses on an environmental and technical aspect that consider its benefits, technical issues, feasibility, acoustic impact, sustainability, system and maintenance. On the other hand, creative methods to approach VG are seldom researched upon especially in Malaysia. Hence, this study explores this possibility from the publicâ€™s perspectives. The objectives were to identify publicâ€™s familiarity and values of VG as PA, and VG attributes to be as a PA. An online survey was used to obtain publicâ€™s perspectives on the integration of VG as PA. The target respondents were the public, whereby the link to the survey was sent out to 400 potentialrespondents. The survey obtained 117 responses, and they were gathered automatically in an Excel spreadsheet. The data were converted into the themes to generate results. Findings yield positive outcomes in terms of the publicâ€™s familiarity of the terminologies (i.e. VG and PA), peopleâ€™s awareness of VG in an urban environment, and the possibilities and potentials of VG to become a PA in Malaysian cities. It means that VG has extended beyond the environmental benefits to also become an art form for people in a city.
CHALLENGES TO IMPLEMENT CARRYING CAPACITY FRAMEWORK: A CASE STUDY OF PULAU PERHENTIAN MARINE PARK INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Mohd Nasir Nadia , Ibrahim Mansor , Mahamod Lukman Hakim , Othman Rashidi
Published: November 2021

The environmental quality at Pulau Perhentian Marine Park is degrading day by day. Many studies have been done in order to support sustaining the tourist sites such as having limits in development and tourist arrival, or better known as carrying capacity. Despite the existence of many agencies whose job scope is related to Pulau Perhentian, poor implementation of the guideline is resulting in degrading environmental quality of the park. This paper looks at the roles and functions of each government agencies related to Pulau Perhentian. The outcome of this paper is the analysis of the current roles and responsibilities of the agencies and where are the gaps that can be filled in order to promote sustainable tourism in Pulau Perhentian.
REVISITING ANDALUSIAN GARDEN: VISIONS FOR CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC GARDEN DESIGN
Authors: Abdul Latiff Zainab , Mohd Yaman Maheran
Published: November 2021

Andalusian garden is one of the historical gardens in the Muslim world. It appears that the garden designers at the time managed to emulate the spiritual and sacred essence of the paradisiacal environment on earth. The method of content analysis and library search was applied in this study. The findings of this study reveal that the Andalusian garden has been built in accordance with Islamic principles of environment and has crystallized the Quranic paradise description in reality. To conclude, the physical attributes of the Andalusian garden made an essential reference for a contemporary Islamic garden design.
THE IMPACT OF INTANGIBLE FACTORS IN SHAPING THE IDENTITY OF ANCIENT CITIES AND ARCHITECTURE OF CHINA
Authors: Kelly Tamara
Published: November 2021

China is an immense nation and highest population on earth with incredible civilization, it kept up its character over millenniums in spite of its different ethnic gatherings and distinctive geographical conditions. The Ancient Chinese architecture and urban planning are fundamental units of the world architecture and well known of their particular character. In addition, they were an extraordinary wellspring of motivation for some neighbouring nations. Several factors were behind the momentous Chinese architecture and urban planning, and among those was the emperor guidance who unified the government and encouraged regularity in many aspect in Chinese architecture including city planning. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of nonphysical factors such as Chinese culture and beliefs in shaping the distinct identity of ancient Chinese cities. This is done by studying; feng shui notion, Yin and Yan forces, the theory of five elements and other Metaphysics philosophies of China. Furthermore, this paper scrutinises a number of Chinese ancient capital cities and temples of heaven in Beijing as case studies to measure to what extent the intangible factors contributed in shaping the identity and layout of Chinese cities and architecture.
ROLES OF COMMUNITY TOWARDS URBAN FARMING ACTIVITIES
Authors: Yusoff Norul Hafizah , Mohd Hussain Mohd Ramzi , Tukiman Izawati
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to review and analyse the importance of the framework for urban farming activities to be implemented within cities environment. This paper also describes the role of the community to achieve the environmental, economic and social sustainability for the enhancement of the urban environment and healthy lifestyles through community participation in food supplies,nutrition, and spaces utilization. The paper evaluates the benefits and potential of urban farming activities within limited urban spaces and how it improves the quality of life. It also reviews on how urban farming is beneficial to the society due to food shortage crisis which is inadequate for the whole population. It is necessary to apply and practice in our daily lives for the consumption of food security, human safety, and health. Therefore, the role of community is very crucial in the implementation of urban farming activities within urbanized areas as the demand for green development increases. Based on this theoretical framework, it is hoped that the paper will be a useful addition to the body of knowledge in promoting a stronger community interdependence to create the sustainable urban environment.
YOUNG PROFESSIONALS HOUSING AFFORDABILITY THROUGH HOUSING PREFERENCES IN KUALA LUMPUR AND A REVIEW ON THE MEANS-END CHAIN MODEL
Authors: Sohaimi Nor Suzylah , Abdullah Alias , Shuid Syafiee , Ahmad Sarkawi Azila
Published: November 2021

In a broad-spectrum, housing affordability issue is interrelated to young professional's well-being. However, this paper deliberated on young professional's housing preference in affordability context by taking into account some attributes of housing preference criteria. Data was obtained through questionnaire survey among 50 respondents aged between 25 and 35 years old and working in various professional fields in Kuala Lumpur. Descriptive analyses were then undertaken on the data from the survey. The study found that security criterion is the highest priority in housing preferences among the respondents. Having Wi-Fi is the second most important criterion. Additionally, this paper also provides a conceptual review on the Means-End Chain model.
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES FOR YOUTH IN MALAYSIAN URBAN AREAS. CASE STUDIES: LEMBAH PANTAI, KUALA LUMPUR AND KOTA KINABALU, SABAH
Authors: Omar Dasimah , Omar Kamarul Ariff , Kamaludin Zuriyati , Othman Saberi , Mohd Yusoff Zaharah
Published: November 2021

Recreational facilities refer to places or buildings that provide space for any kind of leisure activities. Recreational activities are often considered to be fun and undertaken mostly by youth for enjoyment, amusement or pleasure. The level of satisfaction is, however, depends on individualâ€™s opinion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perception level of youth living in urban neighbourhoods towards the recreational facilities provided in their areas. Data from case studies were collected through questionnaire survey involving 540 respondents aged between 15-24 years old. Results of analyses show that respondents were more aware of the availability of recreational facilities related to popular sports. Additionally, mean analysis show that respondents perceived the provision of recreational facilities in their areas as acceptable.
AN EVALUATION OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT ROUTE. CASE STUDY: HOP-ON HOP-OFF, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
Authors: Ismail Izzati Khairimah , Hoon Leh Oliver Ling , Ahmad Zaki Zulkifli
Published: November 2021

Urban public transportation system is a means of providing mobility to locals, visitors as well as tourists. KL Hop-On Hop-Off buses, for instance, are designed specifically for local and foreign tourists to move within the Kuala Lumpur (KL) city centre areas for the purpose of tourism. However, there is only one route provided by the KL Hop-On Hop-Off, with more than 20 stops. The duration for a complete route tour without any stop is too long; that is around 2-2 Â½ hours. Coupled with the problem of traffic congestion in KL, passengers face the problems of punctuality and long waiting periods. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the existing route of the KL Hop-On Hop-Off bus services. GIS application and questionnaire survey were used to evaluate the route. As a result, this study proposes three new routes as the alternatives to the existing single route Hop-On Hop-Off bus service. With the new routes, duration of a single full route tour can be reduced based on the interest of tourist. Tourists will be able to concentrate on just one part of KL city centre for their one-day tour based on their interest either heritage, shopping or nature.
AN IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH TO SPATIAL PLANNING IN IRAN CASE STUDY: THE SOUTH ALBORZ MACROREGION
Authors: Taghvaei Masoud , Beik Hasan , Zali Nader , Kasaei Mitra
Published: November 2021

Despite being in existence for over seven decades, spatial planning policies in Iran have not been implemented and no serious volition to adopt their general approaches was observed. This study identifies the effective factors of the spatial planning implementation approach in the macroregion around south Alborz. By adopting the Delphi technique, a cross-impact matrix and data analysis using MICMAC software, the impact of these factors on the non-implementation of spatial planning in Iran was investigated. The results show that the existence of a central planning system, the dominance of economic and sectoral planning, the lack of integrated land-planning system are among the effective factors in the spatial planning approach in Iran. Therefore, suitable solutions to eliminate the drawbacks are proposed.
SIX YEARS (1999-2015) OF ESCALATING HOUSE PRICE: CAN FDI BE BLAMED?
Authors: Zull Ema Izati , Masron Tajul Ariffin
Published: November 2021

In Malaysia, house price has increased drastically. Problem arises in areas that received relatively lower number of FDI. The house price in these areas accelerated at growth which are somewhat equivalent to areas which benefit from FDI spillover. As the relationship between FDI and locals’ well-being is becoming crucial due to the escalating high price, this paper intends to examine the long-term impact of FDI on house price in Malaysia. Our long-run estimation results showed that FDI inflows have affected house price in Malaysia negatively between the period of 1999 and 2015. The effect however reversed when liberalization policy is included. With the presence of liberalization policy, FDI inflows have actually caused house price in KL and Penang (highly dynamic states) to increase in the long-run. The positive effect of FDI inflows on house price are also found in relatively slow-progressive states like Pahang and Kedah confirming the nationwide effect of liberalization policy regardless of economy level of a state. Other than FDI inflows, this study also examined house supply, gross domestic per capita and interest rate as independent variables.
DUPLICATION OF URBAN PLANNING FUNCTIONS IN A NIGERIAN STATE: UNCOVERING THE CAUSALITY
Authors: Daramola Oluwole , Olojede Olorunfemi , Ojo Akintayo , Olowoporoku Oluwaseun
Published: November 2021

This study examines the duplication in urban planning functions in Osun State of Nigeria. Data for the study were sourced from questionnaire administered on the directors of all the 35 planning agencies in the state. Data collected include respondents’ characteristics and the operation of the planning agencies and these were analysed using frequency distribution. The study revealed that the agencies experienced conflict of interest and the reason for that was mostly jurisdictional. Also, the agencies seldom related with one another. The study concluded that the structure of urban administration in the state causes duplication of urban planning functions and recommends, among others, legislative changes in urban administration of the state and Nigeria.
CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE EXISTENCE OF TRANSGENERATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TOURISM BUSINESSES: CURRENT TREND AND INTEREST
Authors: Mohd Puzi Mohd Alif , Ismail Hairul Nizam
Published: November 2021

Tourism, one of Malaysia’s fastest growing economic sector, has created many business opportunities, the majority of which are family-controlled businesses. New ventures are started by founders who will eventually invite their relatives, especially as successors for their businesses. Nowadays, a successful family business is not determined by traditional methods alone such as profit, assets, or capital, but also take into account survivability or entrepreneurship transmission between generations. Unfortunately, entrepreneurship researchers have not fully embraced tourism because of the prevailing assumption that tourism is a just regular business. Both tourism and transgenerational entreprenership fields employ empirical studies to justify their idiosyncrasies but remain separate from each other. If studied together, it would lead to better understanding of both fields and would even spark the curiosity of researchers to investigate family relationships in conglomerate tourism businesses. Further research into this mixture of fields will also provide a conceptual economic model for tourism destination development bodies that will enhance and promote local community entrepreneurship.
Environmental Concerns in Local Planning Practice
Authors: Johar Foziah
Published: November 2021

The town and country planning system has been identified to be one of the key instruments in delivering land use and development objectives that are compatible with the aims of sustainable development. Several areas of actions should therefore be considered in the local planning strategy to achieve a more radical approach to environmental sustainability. These include conservation, shaping the locational pattern of development and accommodating environmentally desirable qualities in all development. This paper considers how far local planning authorities through their development control powers are likely to fulfill this role. Drawing on the content analysis of local plans, this paper identifies the framework for development control particularly on envrionmental matter. It also examines the conditions that accompanied a planning approval to determine the extent of control pertaining to environmental aspects. The results indicate the lack of consideration given to environmental related matters compared to the traditional concerns of land use planning. Finally the paper discusses the constraint of the present system and prospects to facilitate better management.
Ecotourism Planning : Who is really Responsible?
Authors: Mohamed Badaruddin , Hussin Abdul Aziz
Published: November 2021

The potential of tourism aas a generator of hospitality industry, employment and income is leading many states in Malaysia to pay increasing attention to this sector. While mass tourism continues to make the headlines, 'new tourism' like ecotourism and agrotourism is fast becoming the buzzword of this new millennium. Joining the ranks of states promoting ecotourism is Kelantan, the focus of this paper. The notion that tourism is the panacea of economic problems is debatable. As illustrated by various example in this paaper, tourism, if not properly planned and managed can create chaos and leave negative impact on nature. This paper focuses on the issue of laws and policies that govern the use of eco-resources found in Southern Kelantan, which are believed to contribute to the degradation of the resources.
LAND USE PLANNING STATUTES FOR LANGKAWI GEOPARK CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Aziz Sarah , Hashim Halimaton Saadiah , Unjah Tanot , Abdul Aziz Rahimah , Geraldine Chan K.L
Published: November 2021

This paper takes off from the point that geoparks and land are intertwined, and that land use planning can serve as a means to enable effective conservation and development of geoparks. The focus lies on how existing land use related statutes could be put to use to capture the components and elements that make up a geopark, particularly in the case of Langkawi Geopark. Given that there are more than 120 statutes that can be linked to the various aspects and components that make up a geopark, this article has taken the liberty to only focus on a few statutes rather than all that has been identified. This is intentional so as to enable detailed discussion regarding where components that make up a geopark can converge in land use planning aspects, also about processes and procedures that are embodied in existing statutes.
PLACEMAKING, PLACE NAMES, AND LOCAL MYTHS AND LEGENDS
Authors: Abdul Aziz Rahimah , Puay Liu Ong
Published: November 2021

Place names can reveal a great deal about the history and cultural heritage of any populated area, besides unlocking a valuable store of information. Place name is also an important element in placemaking. It employs imagination, experiences etc which are then narrated and shared. These place names contribute towards creating a sense of place and identity and when they are erased or changed would lead to a loss of valuable heritage. As such, when engaging in placemaking of built environment or changing place names planners should build upon origin of place names, which form part of cultural heritage. Focusing on the origin of some place names found on the Langkawi island such as â€˜Kuahâ€™ (â€˜gravyâ€™), â€˜Belanga Pecahâ€™ (â€˜broken potâ€™), and â€˜Air Hangatâ€™ (â€˜hot waterâ€™), this article recommends that planning and placemaking in Langkawi Geopark be built upon these names, thus enhancing the sense of place as well as the sense of history of the local population.