bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro Assessment of the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oils
Authors: Zardo Danianni M. , Alvarez Leydi V.H. , Los Francine G.B. , Ito Vivian C. , Travalini Ana P. , Cardoso Taís , Wojeicchoski José P. , Alberti Aline , Zielinski Acácio A.F. , Esmerino Luís , Nogueira Alessandro
Published: July 2018

Background:

Outbreaks of foodborne diseases cause substantial economic losses. Universities,
research institutes and the food industry are increasing their efforts to enhance food safety worldwide.
In this context, the study of essential oils as natural antimicrobials and antioxidants for use in
foods has become increasingly important.

Methods:

The volatile composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Pelargonium graveolens,
Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus bergamia, Rosmarinus officinalis and Mentha piperita essential oils
were evaluated.

Results:

The essential oils showed 80.5 to 95.0% of monoterpenes, but with different profiles. The free
radical scavenging activity by the DPPH assay ranged from 3.53 to 68.55% and the total antioxidant
potential measured by FRAP ranged from 1.28 to 94.61 mmol TE g-1. The antioxidant activity (FRAP
and DPPH assays) of the essential oils followed the order: C. citratus > M. piperita > P. graveolens > C.
bergamia > R. officinalis. In general, when the pH tended to neutrality a higher concentration of essential
oil was needed to inactivate the microorganisms. The C. citratus oil presented interesting results
regarding the inhibition of both strains of S. aureus, showing a lower MIC50 value and Minimum Bactericidal
Concentration (MBC) in the concentrations evaluated for E. coli and S. enterica.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that C. citratus essential oil has potential as an antibacterial and antioxidant
agent.
In Situ Oxidative Stress and Atrial Cell Deaths in Patients with Valve Disease
Authors: Matata Bashir M. , Elahi Maqsood M.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial remodeling occur with aortic
valve disease and may lead to heart failure. Although increased oxidative stress and inflammatory
factors have been implicated in heart failure, their role in the progression of valve disease remains
unclear.

Objectives: We investigated the role of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in valve disease
whether this relates to cell death.

Methods:

Blood samples were taken from 24 patients with valve disease before surgery and the
results were compared with those from blood samples from 30 control healthy subjects. Myocardial
biopsies from patients with valve disease were also collected before cannulation of the right atrial
appendage. NF-κB activities in atrial and mononuclear cells nuclear extracts were determined by
electrophoretic mobility shift assay.

Results:

Nuclear factor kappaB activities were significantly greater in mononuclear cells from AVD
patients compared with healthy controls and the antigens were detectable in atrial tissues valve
disease patients. Plasma C-reactive protein, B-natriuretic peptides, plasma tumor necrosis factor
alpha and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 3-nitrotyrosine levels were significantly
higher in valve disease patients. Inducible nitric oxide and 3-nitrotyrosine antigens and cells
expressing CD45 antigens were detected within atrial tissues obtained from valve disease patients
suggesting oxidative stress originated from in situ leukocytes.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that oxidative stress originating from in situ leukocytes within
the atrial myocardium may be the potential trigger for excessive transcriptional activities and
apoptotic cell death within the atrial myocardium of valve disease patients. This represents a
potential therapeutic target.
Balanced gene expression: network of genes in legumes
Authors: YASIN JESHIMA KHAN , CHAUDHARY SAKSHI , MISHRA BHARAT  KUMAR , VERMA NIDHI , SINGH ANIL KUMAR , SINGH NEETA
Published: July 2018

Handful of theories explained modes of gene fixation and drift by contradicting one after the
other hypothesis. Detailed analyses of these hypothetical or established theories illustrate
that, all these theories holds good at one or the other circumstances existing in a living cell
and whole organism as well, at a functional balance of gene expression. This theory explains
that, the earlier reported neutral theories based on selection acquiesce as it tries to conquer
an expression balance of genes. The meagre existence of a deleterious gene is being even-
handed by suppression of negative gene expression into a functional protein. At an exacting
time there is a planned balance attained by the individual cell to survive; otherwise
abscission, apoptosis or necrosis occurs, leading to death of a cell or organ or the organism.
This balance could be of ions or cytosolic pH or the impact of total proteins imparting cellular
quiescence. Mutations at active domains impede cellular processes by blocking a network of
genes and finally protein pool of any functional cell. Balancing pH of any cell at a time is a
final outcome of its acidic or alkaline components being regulated by gene expression at a
particular time. Whether to make the cell survive or to initiate cell death is decided by pH
flux, either to protect the adjacent cells from spreading pathogen invasion or any other
physiological stress. Variations in such traits are obtained through evolutionary phenomenon
which is an underlying, powerful, fundamental and important concept of life.
Speculations in genomics and proteomics ponder upon network of functional proteins
encoding genes in manifesting phenotype of an intact organism through proteome. Though it
is counterintuitive, many tried a direct way of creating a mutant that has acquired changes or
deletions in theirnucleotidesequences or knockouts to find its missing functions during its
absence. To establish the fact that alterations in a single gene cannot be stable and it needs
to balance another set of genes the present investigation was carried out.
Subjetividad, interacción, el cuerpo, flow y la doble conciencia: conexiones con la vivencia de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la música
Authors: Chacón Solís Lilliana Alicia
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo articula los conceptos de subjetividad (González Rey y Lev Vygotsky), interacción (Lev Vygotsky), el cuerpo como medio (Hans Belting), la teoría de flow(Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi), y el estado de doble conciencia (Roy Ascott), con la posibilidad de una educación musical que implique participación, vivencia y experimentación; una práctica musical compartida, catalizadora del aprendizaje.
Pedagogía Vocal Holística: una propuesta original para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje humanísticos del canto
Authors: Alessandroni Nicolás
Published: July 2018

En este artículo presento, primero, una breve revisión de los estudios llevados a cabo desde el año 2013 al interior del Grupo de Investigaciones en Técnica Vocal del Laboratorio para el Estudio de la Experiencia Musical (LEEM-UNLP). Luego de argumentar acerca de la insuficiencia de los paradigmas tradicional y cientificista en pedagogía vocal, propongo un modelo pedagógico novedoso y original: la Pedagogía Vocal Holística (PVH). Presento sus fundamentos epistemológicos y teóricos, y listo sus 13 principios rectores. Estos principios se refieren al objeto de estudio de la PVH, a su definición de “sujeto”/“persona”, a su área de intervención, a su concepción sobre el rol de “profesor” y el involucramiento que su trabajo presupone, y a los ejercicios vocales, obras musicales y performances públicas. Por último, sugiero direcciones innovadoras de investigación en pedagogía vocal. Estas direcciones emergen de considerar espacios epistemológicos que resultan de combinar los aportes sobre los que se basa la Pedagogía Vocal Holística.
Development of a Path to Home Mobile App for the Geriatric Rehabilitation Program at Bruyère Continuing Care: Protocol for User-Centered Design and Feasibility Testing Studies
Authors: Backman Chantal , Harley Anne , Peyton Liam , Kuziemsky Craig , Mercer Jay , Monahan Mary Anne , Schmidt Sandra , Singh Harvinder , Gravelle Deborah
Published: July 2018

Background

As the population ages, the need for appropriate geriatric rehabilitation services will also increase. Pressures faced by hospitals to reduce length of stay and reduce costs have driven the need for more complex care being delivered in the home or community setting. As a result, a multifaceted approach that can provide geriatric rehabilitation patients with safe and effective person- and family-centered care during transitions from hospital to home is required. We hypothesize that a technology-supported person- and family-centered care transition could empower geriatric rehabilitation patients, engage them in shared decision making, and ultimately help them to safely manage their personalized needs during care transitions from hospital to home.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to design and test the feasibility of a novel Path to Home mobile app to manage the personalized needs of geriatric rehabilitation patients during their transitions from hospital to home.

Methods

This study will consist of (1) codesigning a patient- and provider-tailored mobile app, and (2) feasibility pilot testing of the mobile app to manage the needs of geriatric rehabilitation patients when leaving the hospital. In phase 1, we will follow a user-centered design process integrated with a modern agile software development methodology to iteratively codesign the personalized care transition Path to Home mobile app. In phase 2, we will conduct a single-arm feasibility pilot test with geriatric rehabilitation patients using the personalized care transition Path to Home mobile app to manage their needs during the transition from hospital to home.

Results

The project was funded in May 2018, and enrollment and data analysis are underway. First results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2019.

Conclusions

Our findings will help validate the use of this technology for geriatric rehabilitation patients discharged from the hospital to home. Future research will more rigorously evaluate the health and economic benefits to inform wide-scale adoption of the technology.

Registered Report Identifier

RR1-10.2196/11031
Usability and Acceptability of a Text Message-Based Developmental Screening Tool for Young Children: Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Johnson Pamela Ryden , Bushar Jessica , Dunkle Margaret , Leyden Sharon , Jordan Elizabeth T
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND

Only 30% of parents of children aged 9-35 months report that their child received a developmental screening in the previous year. Screening rates are even lower in low-income households, where the rates of developmental delays are typically higher than those in high-income households. Seeking to evaluate ways to increase developmental screening, Text4baby, a national perinatal texting program, created an interactive text message-based version of a validated developmental screening tool for parents.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess whether a text message-based developmental screening tool is usable and acceptable by low-income mothers.

METHODS

Low-income mothers of infants aged 8-10 months were recruited from the Women, Infants and Children Program clinics in Prince George’s County, MD. Once enrolled, participants used text messages to receive and respond to six developmental screening questions from the Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status: Developmental Milestones. After confirming their responses, participants received the results and feedback. Project staff conducted a follow-up phone survey and invited a subset of survey respondents to attend focus groups. A representative of the County’s Infants and Toddlers Program met with or called participants whose results indicated that their infants “may be behind.”

RESULTS

Eighty-one low-income mothers enrolled in the study, 93% of whom reported that their infants received Medicaid (75/81). In addition, 49% of the mothers were Hispanic/Latina (40/81) and 42% were African American (34/81). A total of 80% participated in follow-up surveys (65/81), and 14 mothers attended focus groups. All participants initiated the screening and responded to all six screening questions. Of the total, 79% immediately confirmed their responses (64/81), and 21% made one or more changes (17/81). Based on the final responses, 63% of participants received a text that the baby was “doing well” in all six developmental domains (51/81); furthermore, 37% received texts listing domains where their baby was “doing well” and one or more domains where their baby “may be behind” (30/81). All participants received a text with resources for follow-up. In a follow-up survey reaching 65 participants, all respondents said that they would like to answer screening questions again when their baby was older. All but one participant would recommend the tool to a friend and rated the experience of answering questions and receiving feedback by text as “very good” or “good.”

CONCLUSIONS

A mobile text version of a validated developmental screening tool was both usable and acceptable by low-income mothers, including those whose infants “may be behind.” Our results may inform further research on the use of the tool at older ages and options for a scalable, text-based developmental screening tool such as that in Text4baby.
Impact of Activity Monitors on Quantification of Physical Activity - A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Khan Amna , Siddiqui Pirzada Qasim Raza , Ansari Basit , Farhad Ali
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND

Utilization of several research and consumer grade activity monitors for quantification of Physical Activity has created an uncertainty due to imprecise measurement.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this analysis was to determine the impact of different activity monitors for quantifying PA among the sedentary population for accurate measurement of EE, MET and Temporospatial parameters of Gait

METHODS

8 databases were searched from 2010 till present out of which only 16 articles were selected for qualitative (n=9) and quantitative (n=7) analysis. Accelerometers with sedentary lifestyle population was selected with TSPs, EE, MET, 6MWT as outcome measures. Quality assessment was conducted using Tool for assessing risk of bias considering Cochrane Collaboration. Accelerometers were categorized into a) actigraphy, b) activPAL c) mixed accelerometers, d) New generation accelerometers

RESULTS

Out of 105 studies only 16 studies (2542 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The result obtained from the quantitative analysis of study shows that activPAL had more validity than any of the other accelerometers for the quantification of the Physical Activity in free living environment for sedentary behavior with the pooled effect of 0.966 under fixed effect model followed by new generation accelerometers 0.771, mixed accelerometers 0.71 and actiGraph older generation 0.682.

CONCLUSIONS

Evidences presented in the paper reveals that a paradigm shift has been seen from subjective measurement approach to objective measurement due to availability of several types of accelerometers. activPAL has found to effective in quantification of PA during life style behaviors
Donald B. Cooper, Epidemic desease in México City 1761-1813. An administrative, social and medical study
Authors: Hernández Rodríguez Rosaura
Published: July 2018

Reseña sobre Cooper, Donald B., Epidemic Disease in Mexico City 1761-1813. An Administrative, social and medical study. Austin Institute of Latin American Studies. University of Texas Press, 1965. 236 pp.
Divergencias en la biografía de Cuauhtémoc
Authors: Muriel Josefina
Published: July 2018

En nuestra historia nacional hay un héroe que por encima de todos se eleva a la altura de símbolo universal; éste es Cuauhtémoc. Él es el ejemplar más acabado de un hombre en lucha por la libertad. Pero no por una vaga o indefinida idea de libertad, sino por aquella que, hablando en lenguaje de nuestro tiempo, es la que constituye los derechos del hombre: libertad religiosa, libertad política, libertad de propiedad, libertad personal.
Notas para la historia de la educación de la mujer durante el virreynato. Colegio de niñas de Oaxaca, Oaxaca
Authors: Muriel Josefina
Published: July 2018

El clérigo Juan Díaz que había ido en la expedición de Francisco de Orozco y el mercedario fray Bartolomé de Olmedo en la de Pedro de Alvarado, sólo se habían ocupado de la predicación superficial que se daba a los caciques en ocasiones como ésas, tras los contactos militares y pacíficos que por breve tiempo se tenía con ellos. Pero a la llegada de fray Gonzalo Lucero, O. P., y fray Bernardino de Minaya, O. P., se empezó a dar a los indios una instrucción religiosa más profunda, aplicando a ello los métodos misionales que el propio fray Alonso había desarrollado, como era un sistema audiovisual a base de cuadros en los que se presentaban los atributos de Dios como por ejemplo: Dios todopoderoso creador y sostenedor del universo, Dios justo y misericordioso, etcétera, Cristo redentor y después el modo de vivir conforme a la enseñanza del Evangelio. 
Guillermo Porras Muñoz, Iglesia y Estado en Nueva Vizcaya (1562-1821)
Authors: Muriel Josefina
Published: July 2018

Reseña sobre Guillermo Porras Muñoz, Iglesia y Estado en Nueva Vizcaya (1562-1821), Pamplona, Universidad de Navarra, 1966, 695 pp., 2 ilustraciones.
Un nuevo caso de milenarismo maya en Chiapas y Tabasco, México, 1727
Authors: Porro Antonio
Published: July 2018

La tendencia de los pueblos mayances a producir o adherirse a movimiento religiosos de salvación social es conocida, aunque no haya sido estudiada sistemáticamente. Algunos de esos movimientos, como la sublevación de Cancuc de 1712 y las “guerras de castas” de Yucatán y Chiapas en el siglo XIX, tuvieron dramáticas consecuencias sociales y políticas y han sido objeto de ensayos y monografías antropológicas.1 Otros, que no llegaron a perturbar de forma aguda el orden social del virreinato y de la república, fueron registrados por viajeros e historiadores. Sin embargo, mucho material queda en los archivos, esperando publicación y análisis.
Águeda María Rodríguez Cruz.La historia de las universidades hispanoamericanas. Periodo hispano
Authors: Pérez San Vicente Guadalupe
Published: July 2018

Reseña del libro Agueda María Rodríguez Cruz, La historia de las universidades hispanoamericanas. Periodo hispano, 2 v., Bogotá, Instituto Caro y Cuervo, )973, ils.
Don Matías de la Mota Padilla y su política de poblamiento
Authors: Velázquez María del Carmen
Published: July 2018

En su Historia del reino de Nueva Galicia en la América septentrional, don Matías de la Mota Padilla describe el estado a que había llegado ese reino, al norte y al poniente del de la Nueva España, en un poco más de dos siglos de gobierno español. Las órdenes del rey para su fundación, dictadas en vista de los avances que hicieron las huestes conquistadoras, en el siglo XVI, tuvieron el efecto deseado. Sin embargo, el desarrollo propio del reino, una vez que quedó establecido, fue creando situaciones nuevas que ameritaban, en el año de 1742 en que él dio fin a su obra, una reconsideración de las primitivas disposiciones.
Auge y decadencia de los placeres y el real de La Cieneguilla, Sonora (1771-1783)
Authors: Del Río Ignacio
Published: July 2018

Puesto a especular sobre el probable origen del nombre de la provincia de Sonora, el misionero jesuita Juan Nentvig decía que, sin saber nada de cierto a tal respecto, se inclinaba a pensar que así se había denominado a la región por lo mucho que había "sonado en México y aun en Europa su prodigiosa riqueza" Agregaba en seguida que, si otro distinto había sido el sentido original del topónimo, era evidente, sin embargo, que en este caso el nombre se correspondía plenamente con la naturaleza de la cosa nombrada porque Sonora parecía ser en toda su extensión "un manantial inagotable y criadero perenne de oro, plata y otros minerales".
Introducción a la Historia de las Mentalidades. Aspectos metodológicos
Authors: Ortega Noriega Sergio
Published: July 2018

Hace aproximadamente unos veinte años, algunos historiadores europeos empezaron a elaborar de manera sistemática un tipo de historiografía que ha recibido el nombre de "historia de las mentalidades". Nació del contacto de los historiadores con otras ciencias sociales y en especial con la antropología, de aquí que sus enfoques presenten un marcado tinte antropológico. Los impulsores de esta disciplina en formación se esfuerzan por definir sus objetivos, enfoques, metodologías y fundamentos teóricos, sin que hayan logrado todavía un cuadro unificado y coherente en estos puntos fundamentales. Sobre esta disciplina de nombre un tanto impreciso presentaremos algunas consideraciones generales, referentes a los objetivos que pretende alcanzar ya los métodos de análisis que utiliza.
Los mercedarios en Chiapas. ¿Evangelizadores?
Authors: León Cázares María del Carmen
Published: July 2018

Esta exposición tiene como propósito plantear algunas consideraciones relacionadas con el significado de la presencia de miembros de la Orden de Nuestra Señora de la Merced Redención de Cautivos en territorios de la provincia de Chiapas, durante los años iniciales de su colonización. Orden cuyos objetivosfundacionales y desarrollo a través del medievo en la Península Ibérica la proyectan, en el siglo XVI, con características diferentes al resto de los institutos religiosos que emprendieron la tarea de evangelizar a los pobladores del Nuevo Mundo.
James Lockhart, The Nahuas After the Conquest. A Social and Cultural History of the Indians of Central México. Sixteenth Through Eighteenth Centuries
Authors: Ruiz Medrano Ethelia , Herrera María del Carmen
Published: July 2018

Reseña sobre James Lockhart, The Nahuas After the Conquest. A Social and Cultural History of the Indians of Central México. Sixteenth Through Eighteenth Centuries, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1992.
El discurso de la unión: el patriotismo novohispano en la propaganda realista durante el movimiento insurgente de Hidalgo
Authors: Serrano Ortega José Antonio
Published: July 2018

El objetivo general del ensayo es analizar, a través de las publicaciones realistas, en especial, sermones, discursos, representaciones y folletos, cómo los escritores o publicistas leales a la Corona asimilaron, atacaron y/o matizaron algunos de los temas del patriotismo novohispano, que también formaban parte de las justificaciones del ideario insurgente.
Notas bibliográficas
Authors: De la Torre Villar Ernesto , Méndez Reyes Salvador
Published: July 2018

Reseña sobre bibliografía y documentación, historiografía y ensayos de interpretación, historia general y biografías, historia regional, hsitoria económica, jurídica, social y política, historia religiosa e historia de la cultura y del arte.
Thomas de Guadalaxara (1648-1720), misionero de la Tarahumara, historiador, lingüista y pacificador
Authors: González Rodríguez Luis
Published: July 2018

Interrumpido el avance al norte de las misionesjesuíticas de la Tarahumara Alta en 1652 por la muerte del padre Corneille Beudin (1650) y la de Giacomo Antonio Basile (1652), se prosiguió la labor misionera en esa región el año de 1673. A este efecto fueron nombrados Fernando de Barrionuevol y Juan Manuel Gamboa.
Tomás Miranda, S. J. Y la defensa de las tierras de los pueblos indios. Carta apologética al Padre José Utrera (Sonora, 1755), presentación, paleografía y notas
Authors: Mirafuentes Galván José Luis , Máynez Pilar
Published: July 2018

Hacia la primera mitad del siglo XVIII en Sonora había dado comienzo un proceso de cambio importante en la tenencia de la tierra. Todo parecía indicar que la vieja disputa entre los misioneros de la Compañía de Jesús y los colonos civiles por las tierras de las comunidades indígenas de esa provincia, tendía a resolverse inequívocamente a favor de los colonos. Y ello a pesar de que estuvieran vigentes las leyes de división residencial que prohibían a los vecinos españoles radicarse en los pueblos de indios bajo el estatuto de misión. Tres importantes razones, íntimamente relacionadas entre sí, se hallaban entre las causas que impulsaban ese proceso de cambio.
El primer Gabinete de Historia Natural de México y el reconocimiento del Noroeste novohispano
Authors: Maldonado Polo José Luis
Published: July 2018

José Longinos Martínez, fiel representante de la ciencia ilustrada metropolitana, fue uno de los naturalistas precursores en la exploración y el estudio de la naturaleza americana a finales del siglo XVIII. Aunque la producción bibliográfica sobre historia natural en el siglo XVIII en el ámbito hispánico ha sido importante en estos últimos años, la carencia de estudios específicos sobre muchos de los protagonistas de estas “aventuras científicas” ha generado un vacío que este trabajo pretende llenar en parte. En el artículo se relatan dos episodios relevantes protagonizados por el naturalista español José Longinos Martínez, miembro sobresaliente de la Expedición Botánica de Nueva España, entre 1790 y 1794, periodo que corresponde a su trayectoria investigadora en tierras mexicanas. En primer lugar se expone su acción institucional mediante la creación del primer Gabinete de Historia Natural de México y en segundo la misión científica llevada a cabo en la exploración y el estudio del medio natural de las Californias, frontera norte del virreinato.
Composición familiar y estructura ocupacional de la población de orígen español en Jalapa de la Feria (1791)
Authors: Souto Mantecón Matilde
Published: July 2018

En este artículo se presenta un análisis sobre la composición familiar y la estructura ocupacional de la población de origen español de Jalapa de la Feria en 1791, realizado a partir del padrón de españoles, castizos y mestizos incluido en el censo militar levantado por órdenes del virrey Revillagigedo. Además de contribuir al estudio de las calidades sociales novohispanas, este artículo tiene como segundo objetivo proponer que se revise la idea que ha prevalecido en la historiografía acerca del estancamiento económico en el que cayó Jalapa tras la última feria de comercio exterior realizada en 1778, y añade que en el tránsito del siglo XVIII al XIX la economía jalapeña se recuperó gracias a la producción de azúcar y al fomento de las manufacturas.
Sobre la retórica sacra en la era barroca
Authors: Chinchilla Pawling Perla
Published: July 2018

La autora propone que la función comunicativa de la predicación —en su modalidad de oratoria sacra— se transformó a lo largo del siglo XVII de catequética artística, y de ahí justamente una de las explicaciones de la preservación de la última. Con ello intenta mostrar cómo a través de la oratoria sagrada, paradójicamente, es posible asomarse al lento y poliédrico proceso de secularización de la modernidad. Lo anterior puede exponerse a la luz de la percepción de cómo en ese siglo empiezan a percibirse los rasgos del tránsito de una cultura oral a una cultura de la escritura impresa, que es la caracterización —en términos comunicativos— del desplazamiento del código de referencia teológico en la sociedad veteroeuropea, hacia uno sociológico, a partir del que se autodescribirá en los próximos siglos esta sociedad, o bien, en otros términos más familiares entre los historiadores, el proceso de transformación de la sociedad rural del Antiguo Régimen a la sociedad urbana de la modernidad en Occidente. La retórica sacra en su tránsito del púlpito a las prensas fue dibujando, según esta hipótesis, el silencioso trayecto de este desplazamiento, aquí elaborado a partir de ejemplos novohispanos.
El nuevo orden parroquial de la Ciudad de México: población, etnia y territorio (1768-1777)
Authors: Sánchez Santiró Ernest
Published: July 2018

El artículo analiza ciertos problemas de la demografía de la ciudad de México y de la estructura eclesiástica de la capital virreinal, a la luz de una fuente demográfica poco empleada hasta ahora, el padrón del Arzobispado de México de 1777, la cual permite un enfoque cuantitativo que posibilita relacionar la población, la etnia y el territorio. El texto retoma algunos de los temas analizados por la historiografía de la ciudad de México en el periodo colonial, como la secularización parroquial, el proceso de castellanización de la población indígena, los cambios sociales y económicos de la urbe, etcétera, con el propósito de obtener nuevos resultados sobre lo que implicó el reformismo borbónico en la capital novohispana
La demanda de clérigos ”lenguas” del arzobispado de México, 1700-1749
Authors: Aguirre Rodolfo
Published: July 2018

En este trabajo se aborda a un sector del clero novohispano generalmente desapercibido: el de aquéllos dedicados a administrar sacramentos en lenguas indígenas. Figuras secundarias en la jerarquía de la Iglesia, generalmente subordinadas a los curas titulares, sin embargo, sus tareas parroquiales fueron de primer orden. Los clérigos lenguas fueron los avocados a comunicarse con los indios, garantizaron la posesión de las parroquias en el clero secular y ayudaron a preparar el camino para la secularización de las doctrinas. La importancia religiosa y política que llegó a adquirir ese sector de la clerecía fue tal que, hacia la primera mitad del siglo XVIII, más del 50 por ciento de los clérigos del arzobispado tenía conocimiento de al menos una o varias lenguas nativas. En contraste, su situación material no era la mejor: carecían de patrimonio propio, con una formación académica básica, ocupados todo el año en recorrer los pueblos más recónditos, y alejados de la posibilidad de seguir estudiando, difícilmente podían hacer las relaciones y los méritos suficientes para ascender a la titularidad de los curatos, y mucho menos a alguna prebenda.
La formación humanística de la Iglesia en la Angelópolis
Authors: De la Torre Villar Ernesto
Published: July 2018

El autor incluye en este trabajo las listas de estudiantes de dos colegios para religiosos de la diócesis de Puebla, una del Colegio de San Juan de los años 1644 a 1651 y otra del Seminario Tridentino del año 1770. Además del valor implícito de conocer los orígenes familiares y sociales de esos colegiales, y sus destinos de trabajo en la diócesis poblana, en las páginas introductorias Ernesto de la Torre hace un breve pero valioso estudio de la organización eclesiástica en la región angelopolitana y las tendencias teológico-filosóficas predominantes de los colegios donde se preparaba a los futuros clérigos. Ocupa lugar importante en este estudio la labor desarrollada por Juan de Palafox y Mendoza y por Francisco de Fabián y Fuero como impulsores de estos colegios.
El tumulto de abril de 1757 en Actopan. coerción laboral y las formas de movilización y resistencia social de las comunidades indígenas
Authors: Ruiz Medrano Carlos Rubén
Published: July 2018

En este trabajo se busca ahondar, a través de un estudio de caso, no sólo en los motivos que dieron cauce al descontento de la comunidad indígena de Actopan, sino también explicar la manera en que ese descontento podía asimilarse como un reclamo jurídicamente aceptable para las autoridades novohispanas. En este sentido resulta interesante apreciar el papel que jugaba en el imaginario colectivo el sistema legal colonial como fundamento de los reclamos políticos, independientemente que éstos se hiciesen de manera colectiva y violenta. Esta asociación nos permite valorar la mayor complejidad que tenían los tumultos de la época colonial, entendidos como estrategias de resistencia e incluso de participación política de las comunidades indígenas. A través de este caso consideramos que puede estudiarse de manera concreta la forma en que la comunidad logró articular un conjunto significativo de representaciones que fundamentaban su malestar y descontento hacia sus autoridades inmediatas, sin que con ello pretendieran una ruptura del tejido colonial.
Los cambios jurisdiccionales eclesiásticos en la provincia de Tabasco durante el siglo XVI y principios del XVII
Authors: Jiménez Abollado Francisco Luis
Published: July 2018

En función de su marginalidad (geográfica, demográfica, económica y política) durante el periodo virreinal, la provincia de Tabasco vivió una serie de cambios jurisdiccionales y administrativos, no sólo desde el punto de vista político —dependió sucesiva o alternativamente de la Audiencia de México, la Audiencia de los Confines o la gobernación de Yucatán— sino también desde el aspecto eclesiástico. La documentación generada durante el siglo XVI y principios del XVII acerca del conflicto jurisdiccional surgido a raíz de la pertenencia de la provincia de Tabasco al obispado de Yucatán o al de Chiapas, o la necesidad incluso de crear un obispado propio, es muy extensa y variada. Durante el amplio periodo que abarca nuestro estudio encontramos un elevado número de documentos cruzados entre distintas administraciones, organismos y personalidades (tabasqueñas, yucatecas, chiapanecas, virreinales y peninsulares), donde se intenta poner en duda la jurisdicción episcopal sobre la provincia de Tabasco aduciendo motivos y razones diferentes.
DRUG APPROVAL PROCESS: A CONTRASTIVE APPROACH
Authors: Kashyap Pankaj , Duggal Eshant , Budhwaar Vikaas , Nanda Dr. Arun , Badjatya Jitendra Kumar
Published: July 2018

The drug approval process is the vehicle through which drug sponsors formally approve a new pharmaceutical for sale and marketing. The goals of the approval process are to provide enough information about the drug safety and efficacy in human beings.  Every country has its own regulatory authority, which is responsible to enforce the rules and regulations and issue the guidelines to regulate the marketing of the drugs. The approval process starts with preclinical testing. For drugs that appear safe, an investigational new drug application (IND) is filed. If approved, clinical trials begin with phase 1 study that focus on safety and pharmacology. Phase 2 studies examine the effectiveness of the compound. Phase 3 is the final step before submitting a new drug application to the authority. A New Drug Application (NDA) contains all the information obtained during all phases of testing. Phase 4 studies, or post-marketing studies, are conducted after a product is approved.
DIÁLOGOS ENTRE A CONCEPÇÃO DE LEITURA FREIRIANA E A ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO
Authors: Ferreira Cristiane Da Silva , Ferreira Anderson
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo tem por escopo promover um diálogo entre a ideia de leitura postulada por Paulo Freire em sua trajetória intelectual e a noção de leitura no quadro da Análise do Discurso contemporânea. Objetivamos, com isso, verificar a noções de leitura do mundo e leitura da palavra discutidas por Freire e operá-las em termos de condições sócio-históricas e culturais de produção do discurso e competência sociocultural concepções desenvolvidas no bojo dos estudos discursivos. Privilegiamos como aporte teórico-metodológico a Análise do Discurso em sua perspectiva enunciativo-discursiva. Para operar a produção da leitura discursiva, no quadro da supracitada associação, selecionamos um texto, tomado como discurso, para o qual o sujeito-leitor precisa mobilizar suas competências textual e genérica - leitura da palavra - bem como sua competência sociocultural - leitura do mundo - no bojo das condições sócio-históricas e culturais que viabilizaram a manifestação e circulação do referido texto. Os resultados apontam que a intersecção entre as ideias de Freire e a AD é bastante fecunda, sobretudo para se repensar o ensino de leitura, pois visa à uma prática de leitura crítica, que mobiliza as competências textual, genérica e sociocultural do sujeito-leitor.
Application оf alkane biological markers in the assessment of the origin of oil pollutants in the soil and recent river sediments (River Vrbas, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Authors: Samelak Ivan , Balaban Milica , Vidovic Nada , Koljancic Nemanja , Antic Malisa , Solevic-Knudsen Tatjana , Jovancicevic Branimir
Published: July 2018

In this paper, an attempt was made to contribute to the use of biological markers, n-alkanes, and polycyclic alkanes of the sterane and terpane type, in the assessment of the source of oil pollutants in the environment using the example of the correlation between recent river and coastal sediments,. Four samples of recent river sediments of the Vrbas River and four samples of adjacent bank sediments (soils), in the part of the River that belongs to the city of Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina) were analyzed. In the alkane fractions of isolated extracts, a bimodal distribution of the n-alkanes was observed. Lower homologues dominated in the recent river sediments with maximum at C15, but higher n-alkanes dominated in the soil samples, with a maximum at n-C29 or at n-C31. The higher concentration of steranes and terpanes with oil type distributions in the recent/fresh river sediments (compared to the bank sediments) represents evidence that lower n-alkanes originate from oil sources. The higher content of total hydrocarbons in the recent river sediments than in the bank sediments further confirms this conclusion. At the same time, these fundamental considerations provide evidence that oil pollution primarily occurred in the water flow and then the oil pollutants propagated towards the riverbank.
Türkçe ve İngilizce atasözlerinde “ötekilik”
Authors: KURTOĞLU ZORLU Özlem
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı öteki kavramı ile ilgili Türkçe ve İngilizce
atasözlerini inceleyerek bu iki dil ve kültürdeki benzerlik ve farklılıkları
belirlemektir. Türkçede “başkası”, “el”,
“eloğlu” ve İngilizcede “other(s)” gibi öteki kavramı ile ilgili sözcükleri ve sosyal ilişkilerle
ilgili sözcükleri içeren atasözleri, bu kültürlerde kimlerin “öteki” olarak
görüldüğünü belirlemek amacıyla yansıttıkları bakış açısı bakımından
incelenmiştir. Bulgular, Türkçe atasözlerinde başkaları ile ilgili sözcüklerin İngilizce atasözlerindekilere göre daha fazla olduğunu
ve başkalarının olumsuz bir biçimde yansıtıldığını göstermektedir. Türkçe
atasözlerinde yoksullar, üvey evlatlar, kız çocukları, kadınlar, engelliler,
Çingene, Kürt ve gayrimüslimler öteki olarak görülmektedir. İngilizce
atasözlerinde en belirgin biçimde ifade edilen ötekiler Kızılderililer,
Yunanlar ve Fransızlardır.
The role of infrastructure efficiency in economic development—The case of underused highways in Europe
Authors: Pontes José Pedro , Pais Joana
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we establish a two-way causality between the phenomenon of infrastructure which is underused (the so-called “white elephant case”) and the aggregate productivity level (TFP) of the economy. On the one hand, the fact that a transport infrastructure is not used as much as it could be is itself a cause of low TFP because it represents low productivity for an important item of social capital. On the other hand, low aggregate productivity makes firms’ strategies founded on large scale of production and exports riskier, given the possibility that the political decision to build the required transport infrastructure may never be taken.
EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM GURU PEMBELAJAR DALAM PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU IPS SMP DENGAN MODA DARING MURNI DAN DARING KOMBINASI: STUDI EVALUATIF DAN KOMPARATIF
Authors: Awaluddin Yasser
Published: July 2018

It has been claimed that the implementation of Guru Pembelajar Program has successfully improved the participation of competent teachers. Yet, there has not been any thorough and detailed studies regarding the effectiveness of the program on each subject including social studies. This research aims to reveal whether the Guru Pembelajar Program using mode of fully online and blended learning has improved social studies teachersâ€™ competency. This research also compares the effectiveness of the two modes, and reveals participantsâ€™ perception on the program. Mix method which analysed both quantitative and qualitative data was used in this study. Descriptive analysis and gap analysis were used for the quantitative part, while the qualitative aspect was carried out using pattern and theme analysis of participantsâ€™ responses. Findings show that both modes effectively improved teachersâ€™ competency. There was a significant different in learning result from the two modes. However, the difference was due to the initial gap between the participants of the two modes. Participating teachers conveyed that the training was relevant with their teaching tasks and was effective in increasing their skill. In conclusion, the Teacher Learning Program implementation is effective in improving teacher competence, either by pure online mode or blended mode.AbstrakPelaksanaan Program Guru Pembelajar telah berhasil meningkatkan kompetensi guru yang mengikuti program tersebut. Namun, sejauh ini belum ada kajian secara mendalam dan rinci mengenai sejauh mana tingkat efektivitas program tersebut pada masing-masing mata pelajaran termasuk mata pelajaran IPS SMP. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap apakah program guru pembelajar yang dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan moda daring murni dan daring kombinasi berhasil meningkatkan kompetensi guru IPS SMP. Penelitian ini juga membandingkan efektivitas kedua moda yang digunakan. Selain itu, persepsi dan pendapat peserta mengenai pelatihan dengan moda daring murni dan daring kombinasi juga akan diungkap. Pendekatan campuran untuk menganalisis data baik secara kuantitatif maupun kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Analisis deskriptif dan analisis uji beda digunakan untuk aspek kuantitatif, sedangkan aspek kualitatif dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan analisis tema dan pola respon peserta. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa baik pelatihan moda daring murni maupun daring kombinasi berhasil meningkatkan kompetensi peserta. Terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar antara moda daring murni dan daring kombinas yang disebabkan oleh input awal yang berbeda. Peserta menyatakan bahwa pelatihan ini relevan dengan tugas-tugas mengajar mereka dan efektif meningkatkan kompetensi mereka. Dengan demikian, Pelaksanaan Program Guru Pembelajar efektif dalam meningkatkan kompetensi guru, baik dilakukan dengan moda daring murni maupun moda daring kombinasi.
Classifying Cases in Federal Studies. An Illustration of why Political Scientists should do more Cluster Analysis
Authors: Schnabel Johanna , Wirths Damien
Published: July 2018

Typologies are widely used in research on federalism, e.g. to distinguish dual from cooperative or coming-together from holding-together federations. More general, ideal types, archetypes and categories are frequently used in political science research to define concepts and classify cases. As recently as in 2014, Filho et al. pointed out that Cluster Analysis is still hardly used when it comes to developing typologies in political science. Rather, political scientists rely on more intuitive methods or factor analysis. Our paper argues that Cluster Analysis is of great usefulness because it a) focuses on the relationship between cases and not variables and b) draws on empirical data when identifying the clusters. This paper proposes to apply this fruitful approach to the field of federalism to exemplify its major heuristic potential. Furthermore, we emphasize that testing the secondary validity is a crucial step. Our paper provides two original examples from comparative federal politics and public management that illustrate the strength of Cluster Analysis both in testing and generating hypotheses through the establishment of typologies. For both examples, the validity of the Cluster Analysis is tested by checking for correlations between the clusters and the distribution of power. Hence, the typologies established through Cluster Analysis not only define our respective dependent variables related to aspects of intergovernmental coordination within federations and the normative density of evaluation clauses in the Swiss federation, but also offer strong insights in issues of regional autonomy.
Governance Agenda for Sub-Saharan Africa Issues and Challenges
Authors: Kerandi Andrew
Published: July 2018

Poor governance is increasingly being cited as one of the most important factors contributing to poor economic performance in most developing countries. The World Bank has repeatedly argued that poor economic performance in most developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), is attributed to poor governance. The issue of governance was first raised in 1988 in the World Bank report evaluating ten years of structural adjustment lending experience. The report noted that “severe institutional and managerial weaknesses in the public and private sector have proved unexpectedly serious as constraints to better performance” (World Bank, 1988: 3). The issue of “good governance” was further amplified by the 1989 World Bank report on SSA when the crisis in the region was termed as a “crisis of governance” (World Bank, 1989). International financial institutions (IFIs) have since then focused on improving the effectiveness of public sector institutions and the performance of public policies. As observed by Naim (1999), the rediscovery of institution has become the key focus of IFIs in as far as reforms are concerned. Naim explains that “no speech or policy paper could be written about market reform without including a fashionable reference to the need to strengthen institutions” (Naim, 1999:12).
FEDERALISM AND THE ‘ONE-PERSON ONE-VOTE PRINCIPLE’: POLITICAL ACCOMMODATION IN CYPRUS AND THE ANNAN PLAN
Authors: Moore Gavin
Published: July 2018

The ‘one-person one-vote principle’ (OPOV) seems to be an intuitively appealing principle, one that is procedurally fair by ensuring equality in votes for all and contributes to the proper functioning of democratic states. Although commonly cited as a cornerstone of democracy, this article argues that OPOV can be a dangerous principle in societies divided by group conflict. Minorities face permanent exclusion, and thus cannot protect their own interests, leading to resentment and destabilization. Moreover, deviation from OPOV is not uncommon in political accommodation, especially in federal arrangements. Opponents of deviation argue that it is both undemocratic and dysfunctional having potentially damaging implications for reconciliation. This article examines these claims in the case of Cyprus under the federal arrangements of the Annan plan. After discussing federalism and Cypriot politics, the article analyses philosophical and international positions on deviation from OPOV in order to assess whether deviation can be considered undemocratic, arguing that whilst not always procedurally fair or equal, deviation should be considered democratic if it encourages the effective participation of minorities. The article then examines the provisions within the Annan Plan to argue that its deviations from the OPOV principle do not hinder its functionality. The article concludes by arguing federalism and deviation from OPOV encourage political accommodation and offer the best chance of reconciliation between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots.
Racialization, between power and knowledge: a postcolonial reading of public health as a discursive practice
Authors: Cloos Patrick
Published: July 2018

This paper presents and discusses the interdisciplinary theoretical perspective that has been built from a doctoral research on contemporary notions of ̒ race ̓ in the field of public health in the United States. In this context, ̒ race ̓ was seen as an object that emerged from the discourse, lying between power and knowledge as suggested by Foucault, while public health is an apparatus that put the discourse and the formation of the object into operation. Some authors in the field of postcolonial studies emphasize the representational power associated with the discourse that corresponds to a system of opposition and difference creating a dichotomy and ensuring the domination of some over others. This article argues that ̒ race ̓, as an idea of difference, will persist as long as historical conditions and people allow it.