bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triagem auditiva neonatal com emissões otoacusticas e reflexo cocleo-palpebral: estudo da sensibilidade e especificidade
Authors: Angrisani Rosanna Mariangela Giaffredo , Suzuki Marcia Rumi , Pifaia Gustavo Ribeiro , Sousa Elaine Colombo , Gil Daniela , Azevedo Marisa Frasson de
Published: October 2011

OBJETIVO: analisar a especificidade e sensibilidade da TAN com emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estimulo transiente (EOAT) associadas à pesquisa do reflexo cócleo-palpebral (RCP), comparando-os aos resultados do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefalico (PEATE). MÉTODO: a casuística do presente estudo foi composta por 369 RN de risco para deficiência auditiva que foram submetidos à triagem com a captação das emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente e pesquisa do reflexo cócleo- palpebral. Os resultados foram comparados aos resultados do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefalico (PEATE). RESULTADOS: a incidência do tipo da perda auditiva na população geral foi de 4RN (1,1%) com perda coclear, 22 (5,9%) com perda condutiva, 2 (0,5%) com espectro da neuropatia auditiva (ENA), 14 (3,8%) com alteração central e 15 (4,1%) com atraso de maturação da via auditiva. A TAN mostrou 100% de sensibilidade e 94,6% de especificidade na detecção de alterações cocleares e espectro da neuropatia auditiva; 77,3% de sensibilidade e 94,6% de especificidade na detecção de alterações condutivas e 42,9% de sensibilidade e 94,6% de especificidade na detecção de alterações centrais. Todos os achados evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes em relação aos neonatos auditivamente normais. CONCLUSÃO: este protocolo de TAN mostrou-se eficaz na detecção de RN com alterações de cocleares e espectro da neuropatia auditiva com sensibilidade e especificidade elevadas.
Avaliação da habilidade de inferência em leitura: estudo de caso com uma questão da provinha Brasil
Authors: Rauen Fábio José
Published: October 2011

A Provinha Brasil visa avaliar o nível de alfabetização de estudantes brasileiros no 2° ano do Ensino Fundamental. Em 2009, houve duas edições: no início do ano para avaliar o processo de alfabetização e no final do ano para identificar avanços e limitações. Entre as habilidades avaliadas pelo teste, destaca-se a de inferir a partir da leitura de textos. Na segunda edição de 2009, a vigésima questão deu conta desse descritor, utilizando-se de uma história em quadrinhos de Mauricio de Sousa. Motivado pela dispersão de respostas dadas à questão por dez alfabetizadoras na dissertação de Nazário (2010), analisam-se nesse artigo, com base na Teoria da Relevância, a proposição e as opções de resposta. Fundamentado nos achados, destacam-se as dificuldades para o desenvolvimento de alternativas objetivas para questões inferenciais, dado que inferências mais sofisticadas e diferentes graus de força das suposições cognitivas entram em cena na interpretação.
O uso da repetição na escrita pelos surdos
Authors: Andrade Wagner Teobaldo Lopes de , Aguiar Marígia Ana de Moura , Madeiro Francisco
Published: October 2011

A escrita é uma importante forma de comunicação dos surdos tanto com seus pares quanto com os ouvintes, dada a sua dificuldade em desenvolver a oralidade. Por estarem as marcas de oralidade diretamente relacionadas à coesão textual, este estudo objetivou investigar o uso de repetições na escrita de surdos. Quinze surdos orali%ados, quinze surdos não-oralizados e quinze ouvintes responderam a um questionário analisado quantitativa e qualitativamente em função da ocorrência, tipologia, forma, posição e função das repetições. Os três grupos utilizaram a repetição na escrita. Os dois grupos de surdos apresentaram, majoritariamente, baixa frequência na repetição, integral e adjacente, na escrita. Os oralizados realizaram mais repetições com função de compreensão, enquanto que os não-oralizados realizaram-nas, especialmente, com função de continuidade tópica. Conclui-se que, tal como acontece com os ouvintes, a relação oralidade/escrita ocorre nos surdos, mesmo que eles não tenham tido acesso natural à oralidade da língua. E esta relação ocorre independentemente de eles serem oralizados ou não.
Side-scan sonar techniques for the characterization of physical properties of artificial benthic habitats
Authors: Tian Wen-Miin
Published: October 2011

Side-scan sonar observations conducted at Mito artificial habitat site in the southwest coast off Taiwan, documented the locations of both concrete cubic blocks (more than 10,000 units) and scrapped steel boats (39 units) deployed previously. Based on their geographic locations, the concrete cubic artificial reefs could be grouped into 14 reef sets. About 30% of the reefs were deployed out of the promulgated site area. For the purpose of artificial habitat site identification and fishery resources management, a database structure was designed to accommodate types and positions of reefs, information of reef sets, bathymetric contours, textures of bottom sediments and geomorphological characteristics. The effectiveness of Mito artificial habitat site was evaluated to be positive after the deployment of both concrete block reefs and steel boat reefs.
Empathy and Drug Use Behaviors among African-American Adolescents
Authors: Nguyen Anh B. , Clark Trenette T. , Belgrave Faye Z.
Published: October 2011

The current study proposed that empathy may indirectly play a protective role for adolescents in drug use behaviors and that this relationship will be mediated by self-regulatory strategies found in drug refusal efficacy. We predict that empathy will be linked to prosocial behavior and aggression, though we do not believe that they will mediate the relationship between empathy and drug use. The sample included 498 African-American adolescents in the 6th, 7th, and 8th grade. The results of structural equation modeling provided support for our hypotheses. Empathy was significantly and positively associated with drug refusal efficacy and prosocial behavior. Empathy was negatively associated with aggression. Drug refusal efficacy was negatively related to past 30-day drug use, providing evidence for the fully mediating role of drug refusal self-efficacy on empathy and past 30-day drug use. Consistent with our predictions, aggression and prosocial behavior were not significantly associated with past 30-day drug use. These findings may be useful in the context of programming efforts for drug prevention.
Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs among Youth in an Appalachian Population: Prevalence, Predictors, and Implications for Prevention
Authors: Collins David , Abadi Melissa Harris , Johnson Knowlton , Shamblen Steve , Thompson Kirsten
Published: October 2011

This article examines prevalence of non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) in a sample of elementary and high school students in an Appalachian Tennessee county. We found that lifetime prevalence of NMUPD (35%) was higher than prevalence of cigarette use (28%) and marijuana use (17%), but lower than lifetime prevalence of alcohol use (46%). We examined characteristics, as well as risk and protective factors in several domains, as predictors of NMUPD. For comparison, we also examined these characteristics and factors as predictors of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. Using survey data from a sample of late elementary school and high school students (grades 5, 7, 9, and 11), logistic regression analyses showed that the risk factors of friends' non-medical use and perceived availability, and the protective factors of perceived risk, parents' disapproval, school commitment, and community norms against youth NMUPD were significant predictors of lifetime prevalence of NMUPD. Implications for prevention are discussed.
CFD Simulation of Water Gas Shift Membrane Reactor--Pressure Effects on the Performance of the Reactor
Authors: Smith R.J. Byron , Loganathan Muruganandam , Shantha Murthy Shekhar
Published: October 2011

Membrane reactor is a process intensified equipment that carries out both the reaction and separation in a single vessel. The equilibrium limited water gas shift reaction is an ideal reaction to be carried out in a membrane reactor as it improves the conversion of the reaction and reduces the space requirement for the reactor. Computational fluid dynamics offers a virtual prototyping of the reactor and helps in design, optimization, and scale-up of the reactor. To obtain pure hydrogen from the membrane reactor, the pressure of the reactor needs to be optimized. Hence the water gas shift membrane reactor is subjected to computational fluid dynamic analysis to understand the role played by pressure on the performance of the reactor using three different gas mixtures. The CO conversion and H2 recovery for the different operating pressures are simulated and the effects of pressure are discussed in this paper.
Privatization and Welfare: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Donnelly Catherine
Published: October 2011

This Article adopts a comparative perspective on the use of privatization by governments in the welfare context. It begins by reviewing the extent of welfare privatization in the US, the UK, and Ireland, considering notable examples such as privatized welfare-to-work schemes and residential care. For example, the question of privatized welfare accommodation in the UK has resulted in significant litigation and a major judgment on privatization handed down by the House of Lords in 2007. The Article turns to a consideration of the challenges that arise from using privatization in the welfare context from the perspective of i) accountability and ii) human rights. The ways in which the different jurisdictions respond to the challenges of welfare privatizationand the lessons to be learned from those responsesare then assessed. Overall, it is argued that judicial or doctrinal responses to privatization are often inadequate and the extent to which there exist alternative mechanisms to ensure accountability and human rights protection in the context of welfare privatization are explored.
A distributed power management design based on MOST networks
Authors: Jin Yushan , Liu Ruikai , He Xingran , Huang Yongping
Published: October 2011

MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport) protocol is a high-speed multimedia
bus protocol. The system can make more and more media devices in the car
automatically collaborate, sharing of audio, video and other data, but its
own power consumption has not been a better optimization. In the paper,
depending on the network management and the notification mechanism, a
distributed power management solutions was designed that the slave nodes can
sleep independently and the master node manages the network state, and the
wake-up mechanisms in the sleep state were proposed. A mathematical modeling
and analysis of MOST networks power were built in MATLAB. This program takes
full advantage of MOST network protocol for the intelligent management.
Simulation results shown that, with the increasing number of nodes in MOST,
energy saving become more effective. More than 20% power saved can be
achieved with distributed power management solution in 8-node MOST.
A reusable agent design pattern with flexibility and extensibility
Authors: Zhang Haolan , Zeng Wenhua , van der
Published: October 2011

Intelligent agent-based systems are regarded as the promising technology in
bridging the gap between the physical world and cyber-applications. In spite
of the rising demands for reusable information systems; current designs are
still insufficient in providing efficient reusable mechanisms for system
design. One of the major problems hinders the development of information
reuse in most traditional systems is the lack of the autonomous character
among system modules or subsystems. The emergence of agent technology is
able to solve the problem plaguing many traditional systems. Existing agent
design models create an agent as a sole system with built-in domain-specific
capabilities. However, this design pattern causes several problems while
matching and updating agents? capabilities due to the built-in design
pattern in these models decreases agents? extensibility, flexibility and
reusability. In this paper we introduce a novel design for agent-based
systems, which is able to provide an efficient design pattern for improving
the reusability, extensibility and flexibility of agent design. The novel
agent capability design offers an open and flexible structure; and
implements several practical algorithms that can improve the system
performance. An experimental program based on several practical cases has
been developed to evaluate the performance of the proposed design. The
empirical results reveal the efficiency of the new agent design pattern.
Study of the parabolic and elliptic approaches validities for a turbulent co-flowing jet
Authors: Mahmoud Houda , Kriaa Wassim , Mhiri Hatem , le Palec , Bournot Philippe
Published: October 2011

An axisymmetric turbulent jet discharged in a co-flowing stream was studied
with the aid of parabolic and elliptic approaches. The simulations were
performed with two in-house codes. Detailed comparisons of data show good
agreement with the corresponding experiments; and different behaviors of jet
dilution were found in initial region at different ranges of velocities
ratios. It has been found that the two approaches give practically the same
results for the velocities ratios Ru ? 1.5. Further from this value, the
elliptic approach highlights the appearance of the fall velocity zone and
that?s due to the presence of a trough low pressure. This fall velocity has
not been detected by the parabolic approach and that?s due to the jet
entrainment by the ambient flow. The intensity of this entrainment is
directly related to the difference between the primary (jet) and the
secondary flow (co-flow). In fact, by increasing the velocities ratios Ru,
the sucked flux by the outer stream becomes more important; the fall
velocity intensifies and changes into a recirculation zone for Ru ? 5.
Thermal convection of dusty compressible Rivlin-Ericksen viscoelastic fluid with hall currents
Authors: Gupta Urvashi , Aggarwal Parul , Wanchoo Kumar
Published: October 2011

An investigation is made on the effect of Hall currents and suspended
particles on the hydromagnetic stability of a compressible, electrically
conducting Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluid. The perturbation equations
are analyzed in terms of normal modes after linearizing the relevant set of
hydromagnetic equations. A dispersion relation governing the effects of
viscoelasticity, magnetic field, Hall currents, compressibility and suspended
particles is derived. For the stationary convection Rivlin-Ericksen fluid
behaves like an ordinary Newtonian fluid due to the vanishing of the
viscoelastic parameter. Compressibility and magnetic field are found to have
a stabilizing effect on the system whereas Hall currents and suspended
particles hasten the onset of thermal instability. These analytic results are
confirmed numerically and the effects of various parameters on the stability
parameter are depicted graphically. The critical Rayleigh numbers and the
wavenumbers of the associated disturbances for the onset of instability as
stationary convection are obtained and the behavior of various parameters on
critical thermal Rayleigh numbers has been depicted graphically. It has been
observed that oscillatory modes are introduced due to the presence of
viscoelasticity, suspended particles and Hall currents which were not
existing in the absence of these parameters.
Unsteady mixed convection flow from a slender cylinder due to impulsive change in wall velocity and temperature
Authors: Patil P.M. , Pop I.
Published: October 2011

An unsteady mixed convection flow of a viscous incompressible fluid over a
non-permeable linear stretching vertical slender cylinder is considered to
investigate the combined effects of buoyancy force and thermal diffusion. It
is assumed that the slender cylinder is in line with the flow. The
unsteadiness in the flow and temperature fields is caused due to the
impulsive change in the wall velocity and wall temperature of linearly
stretching vertical slender cylinder. The effect of surface curvature is also
taken into account, particularly for the applications as wire and fiber
drawing where exact predictions are expected. The governing boundary layer
equations are transformed into a non-dimensional form by a group of
non-similar transformations. The resulting system of coupled non-linear
partial differential equations is solved by an implicit finite difference
scheme in combination with the quasi-linearization technique. Numerical
computations are performed to understand the physical situations of linear
stretching surface for different values of parameters to display the velocity
and temperature profiles graphically. The numerical results for the local
skin-friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are also presented.
Present results are compared with previously published work and are found to
be in excellent agreement.
Very low seismicity areas in Slovakia and comparison of seismic risk in Central European Countries
Authors: Sokol M. , Konečná L. , Čuhák M. , Dallemule M.
Published: October 2011

Very low seismicity areas in Slovakia and comparison of seismic risk in Central European Countries

A parametric study concerning the importance of very low seismicity for Slovakia is introduced. Analyses were performed for ordinary buildings such as family houses, residential brick buildings, residential panel buildings and high-rise buildings. Both horizontal wind and seismic actions were analysed and compared in detail for all the regions and conditions in Slovakia.
Investigation of the reinforcement and stabilisation effect of geogrid layers under railway ballast
Authors: Fischer Sz. , Horvát F.
Published: October 2011

Investigation of the reinforcement and stabilisation effect of geogrid layers under railway ballast

This paper deals with the issue of the stabilization of railway track geometry. It details the published results in numerous international journals. Having analysed the cited publications the paper deals with a new research topic related to geogrid-reinforced railway ballast. A research team of the Department of Transport Infrastructure and Municipal Engineering at the Szechenyi Istvan University would like to continue working on this research topic.
Elimination of Negative Character Features as an Element of Building a Positive Image of Physical Education Teacher
Authors: Zalech Mirosław
Published: October 2011

Elimination of Negative Character Features as an Element of Building a Positive Image of Physical Education Teacher

Introduction.
In the era of the development of a number of ways and forms of communication, positive image has become an important medium of information, including teacher-student relationships. One can now recognize it as one of the elements of effective implementation of the mandates of teaching and upbringing. The aim of this study was to determine what physical education teacher's features are most undesirable for senior high school students, and thus negatively affect his image.
Material and methods.
The study used the method of diagnostic survey, in which the questionnaire technique was used. The data obtained from 763 students of two senior high schools (484 females and 279 males) was analyzed. For statistical evaluation of the data the log-linear analysis method was used.
Results.

Quick temper and severity were found to be the features that the students found to be most undesirable in the physical education teacher. The choice of such features as: compliant, indulgent, moody and quick tempered was significantly dependent on gender (p<0.05), and such as strict, hesitant and distracted, significantly depended on both gender and grade (p<0.05). The school turned out to be a variable that did not differentiate significantly choices made by students. None of the independent variables conditioned the selection of such features as passive and unreliable.
Conclusions.
Knowing what features should not characterize a physical education teacher is one of the important elements that should be taken into account in the process of building a positive image of teachers. It can be assumed that the elimination or restriction of the expression of these features contributes significantly to the positive perception of teachers, and it is followed by improved relations with students and increased effectiveness of teaching and educational interactions.
The Quality of Life and Contentment with the Realisation of Partial Satisfactions of Students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska
Authors: Turosz Maria , Olech Anna
Published: October 2011

The Quality of Life and Contentment with the Realisation of Partial Satisfactions of Students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska

Introduction.
The aim of the work was to define the level of contentment with the realisation of partial satisfactions of female and male 1st-year students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biala Podlaska, the University of Physical Education in Warsaw (FPES) demonstrating a high or low level of the quality of life.
Material and methods.
44 women and 161 men were examined. At the first stage of the research the level of the quality of life was defined with the use of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). At the second stage the level of contentment with the realisation of partial satisfactions of people with a high or low level of the quality of life was examined. The level of contentment with partial satisfactions was measured by means of a questionnaire in which partial satisfactions were grouped in 5 categories: social, material, environmental, health and other satisfactions. Statistically significant differences were defined with the use of Pearson's chi-square test (χ2), taking values lower than the significance level p<0.05 as statistically significant.
Results.
There occur statistically significant differences in the levels of contentment with the realisation of partial satisfactions of female and male students revealing a high or low level of the quality of life. Better material conditions, contentment with the way of spending free time, one's own life achievements and health are conducive to reaching a high level of the quality of life among students. Over 70% of the examined academic youth with a high level of the quality of life perceive their life as great and successful and the conditions in a family as positive. Over 60% of female students and 30% of male students from this group have very strong family bonds.
Conclusions.
The level of contentment with the realisation of partial satisfactions is connected with the system of values of an individual. Positive and strong family bonds favour a high level of the quality of life. The system of cultural institutions in Biala Podlaska as a university town should be developed more dynamically.
Entwicklung der Baumarten im Schweizer Wald – methodische Überlegungen
Authors: Duc Philippe , Brändli Urs-Beat , Cioldi Fabrizio , Lanz Adrian , Ulmer Ulrich
Published: October 2011

Development of tree species in Swiss forests – some methodological considerations

Swiss forests have been subject to more stress in recent decades due to increased climatic and biogenic disturbances. Some tree species, such as Norway spruce, have been more severely affected than others. How the tree species composition of the Swiss forest has changed during this time has been assessed with data from the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI). The four indicators, presence, dominance, number of stems and basal area, were examined to see: whether the changes in the most important tree species are significant; whether the indicators have developed in the same way in the two diameter classes, D1 (12–36 cm DBH) and D2 (> 36 cm DBH); and how different diameter thresholds (12 or 36 cm DBH) and different circular sample plot sizes (200 m2 or 500 m2) affect the development and significance of the indicators. All the values were estimated for the 5370 NFI forest plots that were accessible in all three inventories, NFI1 (1983–85), NFI2 (1993–95) and NFI3 (2004–06). Only in a minority of tree species did changes in the presence, dominance, number of stems and basal area develop in the same way. Most indicators for the conifer species spruce, fir and pine decreased significantly, whereas for the broadleaf species, maple and ash, as well as larch and the other conifers, they increased significantly. The basal area increased during the period investigated for all tree species except pine and spruce. The different development of the indicators number of stems and basal area can be attributed to a different development within the DBH classes D1 and D2. The inventory diameter threshold strongly affects the development of the indicator number of stems, but not that of the indicator basal area.
Ökonomische Konsequenzen der Verbissprobleme an der Rigi-Nordlehne
Authors: Gasser Nora , Frehner Monika , Zinggeler Jürg , Olschewski Roland
Published: October 2011

Economic consequences of browsing problems on Rigi-Nordlehne

Stand regeneration with suitable tree species plays a key role in the management of protection forests. This is complicated in many regions in Switzerland due to browsing damage caused by game animals. In particular, the regeneration of the valuable Abies alba species is regionally heavily impaired. This can entail considerable expenses for the support of stand regeneration and compensation of lost protective effects. Using the Rigi-Nordlehne in Switzerland as test location, the following three questions were studied with the help of an analysis of cost-effectiveness and based on the Rigfor forest development model: 1) What costs are to be expected over the next 50 years for protection measures against browsing damage, 2) what would be the cost of a reduction of the game population size and 3) what measures are necessary for the replacement of the protective effects against avalanches and what are the respective costs? The study resulted in cost estimations for technical measures against browsing damage, game regulation and the combination of these two strategies. In addition, costs for the replacement of lost protective effects related to snow movements were estimated. The study shows, that the high pressure of browsing damage at the Rigi-Nordlehne causes forest management problems as well as economic disadvantages. Their amount is 3 million to 6.6 million Swiss francs within 50 years depending on the measures taken. Thus, the results obtained by the study at the Rigi-Nordlehne provide a new argument in the discussion of regeneration in protection forests, which in Switzerland for many years has mainly been lead based on silviculture and game ecology issues.
L'origine du domaine de la uilla Magna Variana id est Mappalia Siga (Henchir Mettich) : une hypothèse
Authors: Jacques François
Published: October 2011

J. Carcopino has tried to find which members of the Roman aristocracy or of the imperial family gave their names to estates mentioned on the Ain Ouassel and Aïn el Jemala inscriptions. He does not suggest anything for the Villa Magna Variana id est Mappalia Siga, evoked on the famous Henchir Mettich inscription. The name Variana is reminiscent of the cognomen of senator Lurius Varas, known by Tacitus, restored in the Senate under Nero after he had been excluded from it by Claudius, a likely descendant of M. Lurius (Varus ?) the commander of part of Octavius's fleet in Actium, who might have been the first owner of this estate, which was to be integrated into the imperial property during the 1st century A.D. This identification is based on the presence of numerous Lurii in the onomastics of the region (whereas this gentilice is uncommon elsewhere in Proconsularis as well as in Numidia), and on the fact that the first mentioned of the three individuals entrusted with the engraving of the Henchir Mettich regulations actually was magister Lur(i)us Victor, Odilo's son.
L'Aurès et l'olivier
Authors: Morizot Pierre
Published: October 2011

Alors que l'olivier a pratiquement disparu aujourd'hui du paysage aurasien, la présence de nombreuses ruines de pressoir dans tout le massif jusqu'à l'altitude de 1 500 m semble indiquer que la culture de cet arbre y était très développée dans l'Antiquité.

Comment expliquer cette disparition ?

Il convient tout d'abord de souligner qu'elle est récente. Il y a 150 ans, l'olivier était encore bien vivace sur le versant sud de l'Aurès en deçà de 1 000 m. L'on ne saurait donc l'expliquer par l'hypothèse d'une pejoration climatique survenue entre l'Antiquité tardive et la conquête française.

Ses causes seraient donc plutôt économiques (diminution du rôle de l'huile d'olive — modification des circuits commerciaux) et historiques (invasions-mutation de populations) ; cependant des catastrophes climatiques ponctuelles (froid inhabituel ou sécheresse excessive) ont pu favoriser la régression de cette culture.

Par ailleurs, il faut peut-être corriger quelque peu le facteur altitude, en songeant que certaines presses, parce qu'on les construisait souvent au plus près des lieux habités, ont pu être implantées à des altitudes supérieures à celles des olivettes.

En annexe, l'auteur évoque les modes d'extraction de l'huile à l'époque contemporaine et passe en revue les différents sites antiques connus à ce jour. Il insiste sur l'état de conservation remarquable des vestiges d'huilerie de l'Aurès oriental, qui lui paraissent susceptibles de fournir aux chercheurs de nombreuses indications sur les modes d'extraction de l'huile pratiqués dans l'Antiquité.
Questions d'identité(s) lors de la rencontre d'un pédopsychiatre avec un enfant sourd
Authors: Seyes Émilie
Published: October 2011

Résumé La rencontre singulière avec des enfants sourds a suscité, dans ma pratique de pédopsychiatre, une perte de repères culturels, cliniques et sensoriels. Au travers de deux vignettes cliniques, j’essaierai de rendre compte de mon vécu, dans une perspective phénoménologique et psychodynamique. Plusieurs outils m’ont été nécessaires pour faire face au vacillement identitaire inhérent à chacun de ces entretiens. La place de l’interprète en langue des signes française dans un dispositif de consultation transculturelle, mon propre engagement corporel mais aussi l’élaboration de mon contre-transfert m’ont permis de penser cette rencontre.
Enfant entendant de parent sourd, une communauté à part ?
Authors: Touchais Christophe
Published: October 2011

Résumé En France, la surdité est vue comme une maladie rare, à soigner à tout prix. Quelles sont les conséquences pour les enfants entendants de parents sourds ? Le témoignage et les réflexions d’une famille concernant l’annonce de la non-surdité, le choix de la langue, le monde sonore, la scolarité et la question de l’interprétation permettront d’apporter un éclairage sur les difficultés des parents à se positionner clairement face au regard de la société.
Scolarisation des élèves malentendants ou sourds: école inclusive
Authors: Golaszewski Mireille
Published: October 2011

Résumé La loi du 11 février 2005 a accéléré la mise en place de dispositifs de scolarisation pour les élèves en situation de handicap, notamment pour les élèves malentendants et sourds. Les Pôles pour l’accompagnement à la scolarisation de ces élèves ( pass ) sont des structures articulées comportant une école maternelle, une école primaire, un collège et un lycée d’enseignement général ou technologique et un lycée d’enseignement professionnel. Ils se construisent progressivement dans les académies et peuvent scolariser les élèves concernés qui le souhaitent, quel que soit le mode de communication que leurs parents ont choisi pour eux, grâce à la concentration de ressources et de ressources humaines. S’agissant de la langue des signes française, de plus en plus de jeunes s’y intéressent et l’apprennent, et pas seulement parce qu’elle existe, sous forme d’option, au baccalauréat. L’école a bien intégré le concept d’« inclusion » et offre de plus en plus aux élèves sourds et entendants la possibilité d’échanges autour d’une culture partagée.
Pratique d'une éducation bilingue en établissement spécialisé
Authors: Hackière Claudine , Candéias Lydie
Published: October 2011

Résumé Parler d’audition dans le monde de la surdité relève d’un parti pris en faveur d’une mise à la norme et témoigne d’une volonté d’extirper les sourds du monde du silence dans lequel ils sont plongés, dès lors qu’ils sont nés sourds. L’introduction dans l’école de la langue des signes a fait l’objet de nombreuses résistances. Le militantisme associatif permet aux parents de maintenir ce droit pour leurs enfants. Cette langue ne leur sert pas seulement à communiquer. Elle les inscrit dans une communauté qui les rassure. Introduite dans l’éducation précoce des enfants sourds, elle garantit un développement harmonieux, complémentaire aux progrès permis par l’implant.
Figures contemporaines et passées de la solidarité
Authors: Servet Jean-Michel
Published: October 2011

Résumé L’article introduit les contributions au numéro présentant divers champs d’application de l’idée de solidarité. Le terme est apparu dans la première moitié du XIX e siècle dépassant le sens ancien d’un engagement juridique accordant une garantie et partageant les risques d’une entreprise, comme une interdépendance volontaire manifestant la fraternité et le souci d’autrui. Si ce sens est reconnu très tôt par les milieux républicains, associativités, socialistes et protestants, qui inscrivent la solidarité dans une perspective reconnaissant tout à la fois le collectif et la personne humaine, il faut attendre le pontificat de Jean Paul II pour le voir officiellement reconnu par la doctrine sociale de l’Eglise catholique, qui recourt pendant longtemps au terme charité. Les actions de solidarité ont pris des formes multiples à différents niveaux, dont la saisie permet de comprendre la complexité de ses facettes. Mais quand la solidarité est confondue avec la protection notamment étatique ou les interventions du social business, elle entraîne un rapport de protection et de domination, qui l’éloigne d’une véritable solidarité fondée sur la réciprocité.
La dette comme signe d'appartenance dans l'Europe des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles
Authors: Fontaine Laurence
Published: October 2011

Résumé La première demande de qui s’appauvrit est du crédit et des délais de paiements. Comment et qui répondait à ces besoins dans l’Europe des XVII et XVIII e siècles, c’est-à-dire à une époque où il n’existait pas de filets de sécurité comme les Etats ont pu en construire au siècle dernier ? Cette intervention va s’attacher à mesurer le rôle des relations sociales face au risque d’appauvrissement en regardant plus particulièrement la nature de ces relations selon les groupes sociaux. Elle étudiera donc les cercles de créanciers auxquels les individus s’adressaient successivement pour comprendre la forme des liens qui unissaient créanciers et débiteurs et mettre au jour les logiques de protection et de domination qui étaient à l’œuvre dans ces relations économiques.
Associationnisme : le bien commun aux confins du marché et de l'État
Authors: Laville Jean-Louis
Published: October 2011

Résumé Depuis longtemps les débats politiques et économiques se sont centrés sur les places respectives du marché et de l’État. Au début du XXI ème siècle, la réalité impose de prendre en considération la société civile et particulièrement l’associationnisme défini comme les actions collectives mise en œuvre par des citoyens libres et égaux se référant à un bien commun. Grâce à une perspective historique le texte explique pourquoi il est si important et reste donc si difficile d’inclure la société civile dans les enjeux pratiques et les cadres théoriques. Il conclut en identifiant trois scénarios pour l’avenir, dans le premier la solidarité est dépendante du processus de modernisation de l’État-providence, dans le second une néo-philanthropie est utilisée pour moraliser le capitalisme, dans le troisième une approche plurielle de l’économie et de la démocratie donne plus d’espace à la société civile.
Couverture, financement et exclusion : l'assurance maladie en Afrique
Authors: Sossa Théophile
Published: October 2011

Résumé Les mutuelles de santé ambitionnent d’assurer les risques de maladie de la masse de personnes exclues des systèmes de protection sociale des pays du Sud. Leur développement et leur impact sur le changement social en termes de protection sociale, d’égalité et de démocratie dépendent de leur capacité à engendrer une dynamique institutionnelle et politique. Pour cette finalité, des formes d’association horizontale et verticale sont indispensables pour créer des espaces publics locaux et régionaux capables de catalyser, par le biais d’une dynamique participative, les initiatives publiques visant à étendre la couverture maladie à ces exclus.
Redistribution, protection et migration dans les villages indiens de l'Oaxaca et du Guerrero
Authors: Solène Morvant-Roux , Berthaud Annabelle
Published: October 2011

Résumé Nous proposons d’analyser les liens entre les dynamiques migratoires individuelles ou collectives et différents niveaux de protection dans des communautés indiennes du Mexique. La migration est souvent synonyme d’un accroissement important des ressources des familles, s’accompagnant d’une évolution des dépenses et des charges sociales et religieuses des familles. Notre analyse montre également qu’au travers de trajectoires individuelles et collectives, la migration génère une recomposition des jeux de pouvoirs, politiques et économiques, non seulement au sein des communautés d’origine, mais aussi dans les lieux de destination des migrants lorsque la dynamique est ancienne et fortement structurée.
L'empathie et les générations futures : une leçon iroquoise
Authors: Ionita Irina
Published: October 2011

Résumé Cet article traite du concept d’empathie dans une perspective interdisciplinaire en sciences sociales. Il soutient que l’empathie représente un idéal-type d’intérêt pour l’autre qui ne peut pas être réduit à l’intérêt pour soi, comme c’est actuellement le cas dans la fiction utilitariste occidentale de l’homo oeconomicus. L’intérêt pour l’autre renforce le lien social, la relation de réciprocité, et il est en fin de compte partie intégrante d’un désir de solidarité. L’argumentation, basée sur le fait que l’empathie représente un effort (à travers l’acte de décentration, d’ambivalence et de durée), prend comme exemple la relation entre les générations et plus précisément l’attitude envers les générations futures dans le discours iroquois.
Responsabilité sociale et solidarité : la microfinance peut-elle être plus solidaire ?
Authors: Somé Yves
Published: October 2011

Résumé Face à la diversité des approches et des statuts des institutions de microfinance dont les impacts sociaux sont de plus en plus en cause, se pose à travers la question de la responsabilité sociale celle de la solidarité. La responsabilité première d’une institution de microfinance est d’offrir des services financiers répondant effectivement et efficacement aux besoins des populations à un coût devant rester compatible avec leurs capacités de le couvrir et sous des formes qui leur soient culturellement accessibles. Au-delà donc des statuts des institutions de microfinance et en partant de l’idéal type d’un service solidaire, ce papier porte la réflexion sur une meilleure articulation entre les institutions de microfinance et la nécessité de coproduire les services microfinanciers.
La métrique de la liberté globale : son importance éthique et sa neutralité par rapport aux valeurs
Authors: Carter Ian
Published: October 2011

Résumé On peut dire d'une personne non seulement qu'elle est libre ou non libre de faire certaines actions spécifiques, mais aussi qu'elle a un certain degré de liberté en un sens global. Le degré de liberté globale représente un certain type d'agrégation des libertés et des non libertés d'une personne. Dans cet article, je rappelle succinctement quelques unes des raisons que j'ai avancées dans mes travaux antérieurs pour soutenir que l'intérêt pour les degrés de liberté globale des gens constitue une part importante du discours et de la théorie politique libérale. Je soutiens aussi, à la lumière de ces raisons, que la métrique utilisée pour déterminer les degrés de liberté doit être, en un sens important, neutre par rapport aux valeurs. En outre, cette approche sur la nature et sur l'importance éthique de la liberté globale, je la défends contre certaines critiques avancées par Peter Morriss, James Nickel, Robert Sugden et Matthew Kramer.
Moins de domination, plus de liberté ? Réponse à Philip Pettit
Authors: Spitz Jean-Fabien
Published: October 2011

Résumé Selon une célèbre thèse défendue par Philip Pettit, un agent est libre lorsque chacune de ses options est non seulement accessible, mais aussi non dominée, au sens où personne n'a le pouvoir d'en bloquer l'accès. Sur la base de contre-exemples, cet article montre que la volonté d'éliminer la domination peut diminuer, plutôt que renforcer, la liberté individuelle.
Introduction au parcours de Philip Pettit
Authors: Le Goff Alice
Published: October 2011

Résumé : Entretien avec Philip Pettit Ce texte revient sur la façon dont Pettit a développé sa théorie de la liberté comme non-domination, sur ses présupposés, sur ses enjeux théoriques et pratiques ainsi que sur ses principales implications.
Le défi des réformes structurelles
Authors: Castanheira Micael
Published: October 2011

JEL : D70, H20, P16
Quelle fonction peut avoir l'hospitalisation ?
Authors: Lec’hvien Pascal
Published: October 2011

Résumé Le contexte actuel de la santé mentale ramène désormais de plus en plus la spécificité du soin en psychiatrie au temps de l’hospitalisation, donc au traitement strict de la phase aiguë ou critique. Cette nouvelle définition ouvre cependant à des interrogations : Peut on ainsi « détacher » le temps d’hospitalisation d’un avant et d’un après ? Sur quoi se déterminent l’entrée et la sortie d’un patient ? L’hospitalisation peut-elle encore prendre en compte le temps du sujet ? Quelle fonction peut-elle avoir pour lui ? Nous tenterons à partir de deux cas cliniques d’éclairer ces questions.
Les paranoïas : de la présence clinique à l'évanouissement nosographique
Authors: Sastre-Garau Philippe
Published: October 2011

Résumé À la faveur d’un bref retour sur l’histoire de la place de la paranoïa dans les nosographies, l’auteur évoque le paradoxe de la disparition de celle-ci dans les classifications contemporaines contrastant avec une présence clinique toujours aussi actuelle. Les formes de présentation sont succinctement évoquées ainsi que quelques repères psychanalytiques. Cette réflexion est illustrée par un cas clinique.
« Aime ton travail comme toi-même ! »
Authors: Morel Geneviève
Published: October 2011

Résumé Au moment de la Grande Dépression de 1929, Freud notait que « la grande majorité des hommes ne travaille que par nécessité, et les problèmes sociaux les plus difficiles proviennent de cette aversion naturelle des hommes pour le travail » ( Le malaise dans la civilisation , ch. 2). La nécessité est pour Lacan une caractéristique du symptôme – ce qu’est devenu le travail pour nombre d’analysants qui en parlent à longueur de séance. Ils ne témoignent cependant de nulle aversion mais plutôt d’une aspiration angoissée à bien faire leur travail, au-delà de tout motif rationnel comme la peur d’être « viré » en cette période de crise. Ils en sont même si tourmentés que l’on peut se demander si « Aime ton travail comme toi même ! » n’est pas un commandement du surmoi culturel de notre époque. Nous étudierons cliniquement les formes prises par cette idéologie du travail bien fait dans une société qui ne protège plus guère les diverses formes de précarité.
Le jugement comme pratique sociale : une réflexion sur la justice pénale brésilienne
Authors: Prates Fernanda
Published: October 2011

Cet article propose d’approfondir l’analyse de la prise de décision judiciaire. Après avoir présenté une synthèse de l’approche traditionnelle de la prise de décision, on cherche à l’analyser à partir d’un regard sociologique. Elle est ainsi présentée comme (1) activité collaborative, (2) activité interactionnelle et (3) activité subjective. En examinant ces dimensions, inhérentes au processus décisionnel, le sens de la prise de décision comme pratique sociale est alors dégagé. Les données proviennent de notre recherche doctorale, au cours de laquelle nous avons eu l'occasion d’assister à 230 audiences sur une période de six mois au Palais de Justice de la ville de Rio de Janeiro (Brésil), et de réaliser des entretiens auprès de 23 juges pénaux.
High Expression of IL-22 Suppresses Antigen-Induced Immune Responses and Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation via an IL-10–Associated Mechanism
Authors: Nakagome Kazuyuki , Imamura Mitsuru , Kawahata Kimito , Harada Hiroaki , Okunishi Katsuhide , Matsumoto Taku , Sasaki Oh , Tanaka Ryoichi , Kano Mitsunobu R. , Chang He , Hanawa Haruo , Miyazaki Jun-ichi , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Dohi Makoto
Published: October 2011

Allergic inflammation in the airway is generally considered a Th2-type immune response. However, Th17-type immune responses also play important roles in this process, especially in the pathogenesis of severe asthma. IL-22 is a Th17-type cytokine and thus might play roles in the development of allergic airway inflammation. There is increasing evidence that IL-22 can act as a proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine depending on the inflammatory context. However, its role in Ag-induced immune responses is not well understood. This study examined whether IL-22 could suppress allergic airway inflammation and its mechanism of action. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA-Ag to induce airway inflammation. An IL-22–producing plasmid vector was delivered before the systemic sensitization or immediately before the airway challenge. Delivery of the IL-22 gene before sensitization, but not immediately before challenge, suppressed eosinophilic airway inflammation. IL-22 gene delivery suppressed Ag-induced proliferation and overall cytokine production in CD4+ T cells, indicating that it could suppress Ag-induced T cell priming. Antagonism of IL-22 by IL-22–binding protein abolished IL-22–induced immune suppression, suggesting that IL-22 protein itself played an essential role. IL-22 gene delivery neither increased regulatory T cells nor suppressed dendritic cell functions. The suppression by IL-22 was abolished by deletion of the IL-10 gene or neutralization of the IL-10 protein. Finally, IL-22 gene delivery increased IL-10 production in draining lymph nodes. These findings suggested that IL-22 could have an immunosuppressive effect during the early stage of an immune response. Furthermore, IL-10 plays an important role in the immune suppression by IL-22.