bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical modelling to assess the effect of micropulse modes of laser radiation at the chorioretinal complex of the human eye based on the theory of activated complex
Authors: Ivanova E. V. , Volodin P. L.
Published: March 2023

Purpose: to construct a physical model based on the theory of activated complex (TAC) with indicators ΔH and ΔS mentioned in works of G.I. Zheltov and his colleagues so as to assess the impact of laser radiation micropulse modes at the chorioretinal complex (CRC), as well as to compare it with models based on the Arrhenius integral and with results of micropulse mode testing using autofluorescence method.Material and methods. Modeling of the degree of damage to CRC and adjacent structures was carried out using Eyring equation. Values of ΔH = 360 000 J/mol and ΔS = 890 J/mol·deg for complex of proteins and other RPE organic structures were determined by G.I. Zheltov and co-authors in vivo in a series of laser experiments on primates. For modeling, absorption coefficient of 460 cm–1 was used, for wavelength 577 nm – 10-micron-thick RPE layer and transmission 37 %. Micropulse mode testing (50 μs, 2.4 %, 10 ms, 100 mkm, 0.4–1.9 W) was performed using Navilas 577s navigation laser in patients aged 35–46 with appearance of types 2–3 by the Fitzpatrick scale; results of this testing were assessed using short-wave autofluorescence (488 nm) method.Results. A physical model based on TAC and Eyring integral was constructed. Results of modeling of the degree of RPE injury depending on power coincide with the results of testing of micropulse mode in patients according to autofluorescence method. The average RPE absorption coefficient equal to 440 cm–1 for patients aged 35–46 years and with appearance of type 2–3 by the Fitzpatrick scale was clarified.

Conclusion. The computer modeling based on TAC using the Eyring equation with ΔH and ΔS for a complex of proteins and other RPE organic structures, which are described in works of G.I. Zheltov and his co-authors, has shown a high degree of compliance with the results of micro-pulse mode testing in real patients. Modeling does not require adjustment of any free parameters unlike approaches based on the Arrhenius equation; it also allows to find absorption coefficients for a small sample of patients and to assess the level of laser radiation damage to RPE and adjacent structures.
Power Optimization of The Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Capacity of 1 MW on Various Parameters of The Airfoil, an Angle of Attack, and a Pitch Angle
Authors: Kriswanto  , Muhammad Adnan Bayu Setiawan  , Dony Hidayat Al-Janan  , Rizqi Fitri Naryanto  , Ahmad Roziqin  , Hendrix Noviyanto Firmansyah  , Rizki Setiadi  , Febri Budi Darsono  , Andri Setiyawan  , Jamari
Published: March 2023

The rotor is one of the vital components of a wind turbine. In the design of the rotor, the expected result is the most optimal power. This purpose study is to optimization of the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine power of various parameters such as airfoil, angle of attack, and pitch angle. Airfoils (NACA 4412-2412 T.E. mod, NACA 2412-4412 T.E. mod, NACA 4412-2412 L.E. mod, NACA 2412-4412 L.E. mod), angle of attack (0, 2, 4, 6), and pitch angle (0, 1, 2, 3) are the parameter variations used. The simulation method uses BEM (Blade Element Momentum), and the Taguchi for optimization is based on the L16 orthogonal array matrix. The ANOVA has to determine the contribution of each parameter to the HAWT power generated. Simulation and optimization results show that the most optimal parameter was a NACA airfoil 4412-2412 L.E mod, at 0˚ angle of attack and 0˚ pitch angle, with the resulting power reaching 1015780 Watt. The ANOVA analysis shows the airfoil parameter has the greatest contribution to the rotor power of the HAWT compared to the angle of attack and pitch angle.
Investigating the Effect of Deacetylation Temperature on the Characterization of Chitosan from Crab Shells as a Candidate for Organic Nanofluids
Authors: Rifky Ismail  , Deni Fajar Fitriyana  , Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno  , Jamari  , Putut Yoga Pradiptya  , Rilo Chandra Muhamadin  , Fariz Wisda Nugraha  , Rusiyanto  , Andri Setiyawan  , Aldias Bahatmaka  , Hendrix Noviyanto Firmansyah  , Samsudin Anis  , Agustinus Purna Irawan  , Januar Parlaungan Siregar  , Tezara Cionita
Published: March 2023

Chitosan has been broadly utilized in bone scaffold production because of its antibacterial qualities, low toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and ability to aid regeneration processes in wound healing. In this work, chitosan was produced from crab shell waste through demineralization, deproteination, and deacetylation, utilizing HCl 1:7 (v/v), NaOH 3%, 1:10 (v/w), and NaOH 50%. The aim of this study is to examine the deacetylation temperature’s impact towards the crystallinity index, chemical bond, degree of deacetylation, and morphology of chitosan synthesized. The deacetylation procedure was conducted for eight hours at temperatures of 100°C, 120°C, and 140°C. The synthesized chitosan was evaluated by utilizing XRD, FTIR, and SEM methods. According to the findings of this investigation, deacetylation at a temperature of 140 °C produced the highest degree of deacetylation, resulting in the highest quality chitosan. In addition, compared to other obtained chitosans, the shape of this result of synthesis is homogenous. At a deacetylation temperature of 140°C, the amounts of deacetylation degree, and crystallinity index of the chitosan were, in order, 81%, and 44%.
A Posição do governo estadual na barganha federativa : uma contribuição da teoria dos jogos aos estudos da coordenação
Authors: Dutra Walkiria Zambrzycki
Published: March 2023

Propõe um modelo analítico para compreender as racionalidades por trás da interação entre governo federal e os estados no que se refere à indução de políticas públicas nacionais. Baseada no arsenal da escolha racional, a autora elenca várias possibilidades de respostas dos governos estaduais aos incentivos de indução do governo federal que não estão contempladas nos estudos sobre o federalismo brasileiro. Com isto, a proposta amplia as possibilidades de análise com relação à efetividade da coordenação nacional, tendo em vista que o modelo introduz outras possíveis escolhas estratégicas dos governos estaduais, que, por sua vez, explicariam a adesão ou não adesão a uma determinada política pública.
Governos estaduais na execução das políticas sociais: saindo de cena?
Authors: Licio Elaine Cristina , Palotti Pedro , Meneses Aerica de Figueiredo Pereira , Pontes Pedro Arthur de Miranda Marques
Published: March 2023

Analisam a autonomia e o papel dos governos estaduais nas políticas sociais de assistência social, educação e saúde, com foco na provisão dos serviços. Os autores mostram que o processo de municipalização não retirou os estados dessas políticas; há um compartilhamento da provisão com municípios, especialmente nos serviços de média e alta complexidade na assistência social e na saúde, além dos anos finais do ensino fundamental na educação. A análise dos serviços ofertados pelos estados em cada uma dessas três áreas setoriais revela que há um enorme espaço para que os estados avancem na provisão desses serviços e na sua atuação como coordenadores regionais.
Comparação das despesas estaduais por etapa de ensino e os desafios para avançar no novo Fundeb
Authors: Peres Ursula , Pereira Lauana Simplício , Capuchinho Cristiane
Published: March 2023

Busca avançar na discussão sobre os gastos dos estados na política de educação, o que é fundamental para compreendermos as heterogeneidades nas capacidades de gasto e suas implicações nas desigualdades educacionais. No entanto, a partir da análise de dados quantitativos e de entrevistas, as autoras observam uma enorme variação nas declarações por subfunções entre os estados e pouca consistência e transparência em relação às informações mais detalhadas sobre os gastos, prejudicando análises comparativas. Ainda que a criação do Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Educação (Siope) tenha integrado uma série de mudanças a fim de fortalecer a coordenação nacional da política, a incompatibilidade entre o sistema e a estrutura orçamentária dos estados mostra que esse é um instrumento frágil que não permite estimar, de modo prático, o quanto cada ente subnacional no Brasil gasta em educação. Tais inconsistências demandam urgente endereçamento na medida em que o novo Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (Fundeb), de 2020, contém normativos de equalização dos gastos em educação que dependem de estimativas precisas para a sua justa execução.
Segregação Ocupacional e Desigualdade Salarial por Raça e Gênero no Setor
Público Brasileiro
Authors: Silveira Leonardo Souza , Almeida Luciana Alves Drumond
Published: March 2023

Analisa a trajetória da segregação ocupacional e das diferenças salariais por raça e gênero no setor público, considerando os anos de 2012 e 2019, antes e depois da aplicação da Lei de Cotas na administração federal, com base nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua).
Desigualdades de gênero e raça no funcionalismo público federal : uma análise exploratória dos efeitos da Lei no 12.990/2014
Authors: Penha Pedro Henrique Elgaly da , Picanço Felícia Silva
Published: March 2023

Enfoca mudanças e permanências na distribuição de gênero e raça no âmbito federal em um intervalo mais amplo, que vai de 2000 a 2020. Para tanto, fazem uso de dados provenientes do Sistema Integrado de Administração de Pessoal (Siape), mantido pelo atual Ministério da Economia, e apontam, com base nessas informações, que a Lei de Cotas parece ter sido um importante operador na mitigação das desigualdades raciais no período recente, mas as mulheres negras não puderam se beneficiar de forma mais contundente desse processo e, de modo geral, as carreiras mais desiguais têm sido as mais resistentes às mudanças.
A Implantação da cota para negros em concurso público na Fiocruz: avanços e desafios no enfrentamento do racismo institucional
Authors: Adriano Valéria Cristina Cardoso , Vieira Nelson Passagem , Carvalho Andréa da Luz
Published: March 2023

Os autores evidenciam as dificuldades enfrentadas pela ausência de orientações mais detalhadas e em meio a um ambiente de conflito jurídico sobre as normas e os procedimentos a serem adotados na implementação da medida afirmativa, com repercussão sobre sua efetividade. Em outra frente analítica, o texto também discute a ocupação, por cotistas, de cargos de liderança no órgão – função de Direção e Assessoramento Superior (DAS) e Função Gratificada do Poder Executivo (FGPE) –, sinalizando para outras dimensões relevantes da inclusão de pessoas negras no serviço público, especialmente em um contexto institucional como o da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), que conta com apenas 23% de servidores(as) negros(as).
Para além dos editais : cotas raciais no ministério público brasileiro
Authors: Santos Amanda Ribeiro dos , Santos Cecília Amália Cunha , Sousa Irene Cardoso , Sousa Karla Cristina da Silva , Vaz Lívia Sant’Anna , Oliveira Renata Aline de , Santos Samira Mercês dos , Reis Tanany Frederico dos , Machado Vanessa
Published: March 2023

Observam que as disposições editalícias ainda representam um desafio para a implementação das cotas raciais, uma vez que, dos onze estados que realizaram provas no período conforme os termos da Resolução CNMP8 no 170/2017, que estabeleceu a reserva de vagas, somente quatro tiveram candidatos(as) negros(as) aprovados(as). Ainda na esfera do Ministério Público, especificamente o Ministério Público do Trabalho (MPT).
Institucionalidade e potencialidades do Plano Plurianual municipal : uma análise da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre
Authors: Papi Luciana Pazini , Horstmann Guilherme , Padilha Pablo Ziolkowski
Published: March 2023

Com um olhar sobre a institucionalidade dos planos plurianuais na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Em síntese, os autores apontam os avanços alcançados na institucionalização do PPA nos municípios envolvidos, bem como as lacunas ainda observáveis considerando as capacidades burocráticas e administrativas necessárias. Em destaque, reforçam o papel do governo federal no estímulo e na capacitação à elaboração e implementação de PPAs que induzam o desenvolvimento no nível local, bem como salientem a perspectiva de articulação federativa para o fortalecimento da função planejamento em escala nacional.
Parlamentos nacionais e política externa sobre meio ambiente : demandas de dois níveis nas reações da França, dos países baixos e do Reino Unido à política brasileira sobre recursos amazônicos entre 2012 e 2021
Authors: Modesti Tainata , Giannattasio Arthur Roberto Capella
Published: March 2023

Embora haja uma usual ênfase no papel do Poder Executivo na formulação da política externa de um Estado, outros atores são igualmente cruciais para formulá-la e avaliá-la. Com foco no papel dos parlamentos nacionais na construção e fiscalização da política externa, este texto analisa as reações dos poderes Legislativos da França, dos Países Baixos e do Reino Unido às políticas adotadas pelo Brasil para a floresta amazônica entre 2012 e 2021. Com uma abordagem qualitativa de fontes primárias, o artigo examina documentos emitidos por órgãos dos poderes Executivo e Legislativo desses três países europeus. É possível verificar que, apesar de a proteção internacional do meio ambiente ter surgido recentemente como um dos temas mais importantes em diversas esferas da comunidade internacional, seu crescente rigor na abordagem do tema parece não ter sido seguido pelas políticas externas dos países selecionados. Ao restringir sua atuação ao leque de opções tradicionalmente adotadas pelos regimes ambientais internacionais – diálogos bilaterais, name and shaming (exposição pública), assistência financeira, entre outros –, os parlamentos e poderes Executivos nacionais parecem não pretender adotar uma postura mais assertiva em relação ao Brasil e suas políticas ambientais para a Floresta Amazônica. Nesse sentido, parece que o discurso adotado pelos países europeus selecionados é direcionado principalmente a satisfazer as demandas domésticas e europeias relacionadas às suas próprias disputas internas pelo poder político.
The Enigmatic Abundance of Atomic Hydrogen in Saturn’s Upper Atmosphere
Authors: Ben-Jaffel Lotfi , Moses Julianne I. , West Robert A. , Aye Klaus-Michael , Bradley Eric T. , Clarke John T. , Holberg Jay B. , Ballester Gilda E.
Published: March 2023

A planet’s Lyα emission is sensitive to its thermospheric structure. Here we report joint Hubble Space Telescope and Cassini cross-calibration observations of the Saturn Lyα emission made 2 weeks before the Cassini grand finale. To investigate the long-term Saturn Lyα airglow observed by different ultraviolet instruments, we cross-correlate their calibration, finding that while the official Cassini/UVIS sensitivity should be lowered by ∼75%, the Voyager 1/UVS sensitivities should be enhanced by ∼20% at the Lyα channels. This comparison also allowed us to discover a permanent feature of the Saturn disk Lyα brightness that appears at all longitudes as a brightness excess (Lyα bulge) of ∼30% (∼12σ) extending over the latitude range ∼5°–35° N compared to the regions at equator and ∼60° N. This feature is confirmed by three distinct instruments between 1980 and 2017 in the Saturn north hemisphere. To analyze the Lyα observations, we use a radiation transfer model of resonant scattering of solar and interplanetary Lyα photons and a latitude-dependent photochemistry model of the upper atmosphere constrained by occultation and remote-sensing observations. For each latitude, we show that the Lyα observations are sensitive to the temperature profile in the upper stratosphere and lower thermosphere, thus providing useful information in a region of the atmosphere that is difficult to probe by other means. In the Saturn Lyα bulge region, at latitudes between ∼5° and ∼35°, the observed brightening and line broadening support seasonal effects, variation of the temperature vertical profile, and potential superthermal atoms that require confirmation.
Le genre de la « coconstruction »
Authors: Berthiaume Annabelle
Published: March 2023

La « coconstruction », souvent citée comme une innovation du modèle québécois, réfère à un répertoire d’expériences impliquant le partage des ressources et du pouvoir dans l’élaboration des politiques entre les pouvoirs publics et les organismes communautaires (associations à but non lucratif). Or, il existe des biais de genre dans la mise en œuvre de cette « coconstruction » qui permettent aux milieux d’innover socialement. À partir d’un travail ethnographique réalisé en 2017-2018 (combinant des entretiens semi-dirigés avec des salariés et des salariées des organismes communautaires intervenant auprès des enfants et des familles ainsi que des observations dans les rencontres de concertation locale d’un quartier populaire de Montréal), cet article observe comment se partagent les responsabilités sociales, dans un contexte où une majorité de femmes, intervenantes, bénévoles et stagiaires, sont investies. En interrogeant l’usage du concept de « coconstruction » dans la fabrique des politiques sociales, il rend visibles le travail d’actrices du terrain et la dimension genrée de son organisation, qui sont des éléments encore peu documentés dans la littérature sur le travail social.
Le genre dans le travail social
Authors: Bayer Véronique
Published: March 2023

Cet article est le produit d’une enquête réalisée auprès de travailleurs et de travailleuses sociaux et de cadres (femmes et hommes occupant des fonctions de chef de service, directeur et directeur général) du travail social intervenant dans le secteur associatif et dans les fonctions publiques. L’état des savoirs sur ces professionnels et l’analyse de différents matériaux recueillis ont permis de repérer des processus d’entrée, d’exercice et de mobilité différenciés selon le sexe dans les fonctions d’encadrement. En effet, l’accès à ces fonctions est progressif pour des femmes et il est accéléré pour des hommes. Ces inégalités sont repérables également dans la division sexuée du travail d’encadrement qui montre une hiérarchisation des activités – certaines, invisibilisées, sont associées à des qualités dites féminines. Ces dynamiques ascensionnelles différenciées entre femmes et hommes mettent en lumière les coûts sociaux que vivent des femmes pour accéder aux plus hautes fonctions hiérarchiques.
Differential equations of the neutral delay type: More efficient conditions for oscillation
Authors: Moaaz Osama , Albalawi Wedad
Published: March 2023

In this article, we derive an optimized relationship between the solution and its corresponding function for second- and fourth-order neutral differential equations (NDE) in the canonical case. Using this relationship, we obtain new monotonic properties of the second-order equation. The significance of this paper stems from the fact that the asymptotic behavior and oscillation of solutions to NDEs are substantially affected by monotonic features. Based on the new relationships and properties, we obtain oscillation criteria for the studied equations. Finally, we present examples and review some previous theorems in the literature to compare our results with them.
Repeated-root constacyclic codes of length $ p_1p_2^t p^s $ and their dual codes
Authors: Wu Hongfeng , Zhu Li
Published: March 2023

Let $ \mathbb{F}_q $ be the finite field with $ q = p^{k} $ elements, and $ p_{1}, p_{2} $ be two distinct prime numbers different from $ p $. In this paper, we first calculate all the $ q $-cyclotomic cosets modulo $ p_1p_2^t $ as a preparation for the following parts. Then we give the explicit generator polynomials of all the constacyclic codes of length $ p_1p_2^tp^s $ over $ \mathbb{F}_q $ and their dual codes. In the rest of this paper, we determine all self-dual cyclic codes of length $ p_1p_2^t p^s $ and their enumeration. This answers a question recently asked by B. Chen, H.Q.Dinh and Liu. In the last section, we calculate the case of length $ 5\ell p^{s} $ as an example.
Revalidation of Arnoglossus blachei, a species of flounder from off West Africa, with a redescription of Arnoglossus imperialis from the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean (Teleostei: Bothidae)
Authors: Fricke Ronald , Ramírez-Amaro Sergio , Ordines Francesc
Published: March 2023

Blache’s flounder, Arnoglossus blachei Stauch, 1965, is redescribed from the eastern Atlantic (Morocco south to Namibia, including the Canary Islands, larvae reaching South Africa) and distinguished from the imperial flounder A. imperialis (Rafinesque, 1810) by having a live colouration of the lower side of males which is bright red (whitish in A. imperialis), the caudal fin with lateral-line scales 52-57 (vs. 58-63), and the dorsal-fin filaments in male light grey, with black margins, distally yellowish (vs. plain white). A lectotype is selected for Arnoglossus blachei. The species is compared with similar species. The externally similar species Arnoglossus imperialis is also redescribed; its distibution range is restricted to the Mediterranean and northeastern Atlantic, including Madeira and the Azores. Neotypes are selected to stabilize the usage of the names Bothus imperialis Rafinesque, 1810, Bothus punctatus Rafinesque, 1814, Rhombus cristatus Lowe, 1839 and Charybdia rhomdoidichthys Facciolà, 1885. Molecular analyses based on two mitochondrial fragments (12s rRNA and COI) clearly support the validity of A. blachei. Moreover, though A. blachei is morphologically close to A. imperialis, the two species show the highest genetic distances among all Arnoglossus species compared (including A. capensis, A. imperialis, A. laterna, A. rueppelii and A. thori). A key to the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean species of Arnoglossus is presented.
Le site de Plomb « le Mesnil » (Manche), ixe-xiie siècle. Regard sur l’habitat rural du haut Moyen Âge dans l’Ouest français
Authors: Carpentier Vincent
Published: March 2023

Établi en surplomb d’une vallée encaissée, l’habitat du « Mesnil » à Plomb se développe au cours de deux phases, l’une attribuée aux ixe-xe et la seconde aux xie-xiie siècles. Ces aménagements succèdent à une première occupation remontant aux ier-iie siècles apr. J.-C., formée d’un réseau de fossés encadrant quelques fosses. L’habitat des ixe-xe siècles s’organise à l’intérieur d’un parcellaire quadrillé desservi par trois chemins. L’une des parcelles abrite un édifice rectangulaire aux angles arrondis, qui se distingue par l’adoption d’une charpente à « cruck primitif ». La maison est environnée de dépendances bâties, fosses et petits foyers à usage culinaire. Une deuxième parcelle, limitrophe, au sud de la précédente, accueille deux fours domestiques associés à des silos et foyers. Cette parcelle est séparée d’une troisième, vide de construction, par un chemin creux épousant le tracé d’un fossé antique. Céramique et végétaux illustrent une économie proche de celle des établissements ruraux bretons de la même époque. Les productions agricoles consistent en céréales, légumineuses (pois) et lin. La paille de seigle a servi à couvrir la maison carolingienne abandonnée au cours du xe siècle. Un nouveau bâtiment rectangulaire reposant sur poteaux et solin de pierre lui succède au xie-xiie siècle, tandis que certaines délimitations parcellaires sont reprises. Le site, déserté jusqu’au xixe siècle, voit l’implantation d’une longère isolée, typique de l’architecture vernaculaire de l’Avranchin.
Trois bergeries médiévales à Roissy-en-France (Val-d’Oise)
Authors: Dufour Jean-Yves
Published: March 2023

Cet article a pour objectif de proposer une méthode d’identification des bâtiments agricoles anciens. À l’aide d’informations apportées par vingt manuels d’agriculture datés de l’époque antique à l’époque contemporaine, d’observations géoarchéologiques et d’une attention portée au contexte agraire, trois bâtiments fouillés à Roissy-en-France sont interprétés comme des bergeries. Les deux premiers exemples sont issus de la basse cour du château ; le plus récent est daté de la fin du xve siècle. Il s’agit d’un long bâtiment (plus de 26 m), maçonné en pierre et plâtre, qui présente un cloisonnement très marqué ; un bâtiment à six pans, sur fondations partielles, est bien daté de la seconde moitié du xiiie siècle. Il est associé à une barrière crénelée. Il présente également un sol bien marqué par la stabulation ; un petit bâtiment carré, construit sur poteaux, est daté de la phase mérovingienne du site des Tournelles, habitat paysan fouillé dans le village. Son mode de construction ainsi que son association à une haie et à une barrière de contention appuient l’hypothèse d’une bergerie.
Des aiguisoirs/polissoirs aux enclumes en os : l’historiographie des os piquetés
Authors: Rodet-Belarbi Isabelle , Nadal Montserrat Esteban , Forest Vianney , Moreno-Garcia Marta , Pimenta Carlos
Published: March 2023

Depuis près d’un siècle et demi, des os d’animaux mis au jour en Midi-Pyrénées (France) et portant des séries de ponctuations ont fait l’objet de descriptions plus ou moins précises et d’interprétations variées. La dernière hypothèse en date, qui en faisait des polissoirs/aiguisoirs, a été contredite par la publication d’exemplaires ethnographiques similaires découverts en Espagne et au Portugal.
Investigation of Graphene Reinforcement Effect on Young's Modulus of Cross-Linked Epoxy Nanocomposites by a New Heuristic Protocol
Authors: Erdöl Muhammet , Konukman Alp Er S. , Öktem Ahmet Sinan
Published: March 2023

Using a new heuristic procedure, the influence of graphene reinforcement on Young's modulus of crosslinked epoxy was analyzed. Graphene reinforcement was investigated for 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% weight ratios. Graphene sheet edges were functionalized with hydrogen atoms and were placed middle of simulation cells. Simulation cell sizes were determined such that the graphene sheets were non-periodic. Thus, the edge effects of graphene sheets could be observed in dynamic simulations. The heuristic protocol is used for the crosslinking process of epoxy. It is less sophisticated than the multi-step iterative approach and is utilized for various components. It also updates higher-order covalent bond and partial charge terms in real-time to prevent inaccurate chemical couplings caused by ignoring angle-based covalent terms. Crosslinked epoxy structures were created by 80% with this new heuristic protocol as a matrix structure. To analyze the multiple variations with the same amount of molecules in each weight ratio, each simulation cell was built as three individual samples, and the standard deviation values were calculated. Young's modulus of the nanocomposite system was then calculated using a constant-strain energy minimization approach. The inter-atomic and intra-atomic interactions were described using the Molecular Potentials for Atomistic Simulation Studies (COMPASS) force field. As expected, the Young Modulus of epoxy resin increased with the addition of graphene reinforcement. This increase in Young's modulus was calculated by 6% for 1% graphene reinforcement, 10% for 2% graphene reinforcement, 14% for 3% graphene reinforcement, and 16% for 4% graphene reinforcement. As the graphene reinforcement ratio increases, the increase in Young's modulus tends to diminish. It's also worth noting that the MD simulation results in this work were in close agreement with the experimental results published in the literature. Both qualitative and quantitative numerical results show the effect of the abovementioned parameters. They will provide gain energy and time for prior synthesizing the new materials and serve as benchmark solutions for future comparisons of numerical and experimental results.
Peak Wavelength Mapping of Triangular Reflection in Spherical Colloidal Cluster with Icosahedral Symmetry
Authors: Ohnuki Ryosuke , Takeoka Yukikazu , Yoshioka Shinya
Published: March 2023

Spherical colloidal clusters have various types of particle arrangements. Interestingly, one type has an icosahedron symmetry, characterized by the existence of five-fold axes. When the colloidal particle size is comparable to the wavelength of light, icosahedral colloidal clusters exhibit a unique triangular reflection with a specific wavelength, owing to optical interference. In this paper, we report the results of a detailed optical study on the position-dependent peak wavelength within the triangular region. Based on the map of the peak wavelength and spectral shape, we propose a structural model of the icosahedral colloidal cluster and discuss its formation process.
Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles Salt Precursors on Structural, Morphological, Optical and MB Photocatalytic Properties Using Hydrothermal Synthesis
Authors: Bahtoun Hicham , Hadjeris Lazhar , Iaiche Sabrina , Ounis Tarek Diab
Published: March 2023

ZnO nanoparticles were successfully produced via a simple low cost hydrothermal method using different metal precursors. Zn (CH3COO)2), (Zn (NO3)2) and (ZnCl2) were the source materials. The obtained nanoparticles were investigated by means XRD, SEM and DRS. The XRD exhibited the high crystallinity of the pure ZnO phase with hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure for all simples excepted for ZnO synthetized from ZnCl2 precursor. The crystallite sizes was estimated in the range of 20-37 nm. The precursor type do not affect the Eg of the nanoparticles. The bandgaps energies were between 3.21-3.22 eV. The type of precursor affect the particles morphology. SEM images revealed different morphologies. The photocatalytic activity of the synthetized ZnO NPs in comparison with that of commercial powder for the methylene blue (MB) degradation under UV irradiation, showed the appropriate activity of nanostructures obtained by Zn (NO3)2 and Zn (CH3COO)2 precursors. The first-order kinetic constant over ZnO from Zn (NO3)2 was 1.9, 3.7 and 1.5 times of ZnO commercial powder, ZnO from ZnCl2 and Zn (CH3COO)2, respectively. The ZnO NPs from Zn (NO3)2 and Zn (CH3COO)2 precursors have the best photocatalytic degradation performance with a degradation rate of 99.3% and 96.4%, respectively. The higher photocatalytic performance was probably due to the larger crystallinity, purity phase and specific morphologies than smaller particle size effect. Thus, the synthetized ZnO nanoparticles by the soft hydrothermal process are a promising candidate for the photocatalytic purposes of dyes from waters.
Comparison of the Removal Efficiencies for Electro-Flotation and Electrocoagulation Wastewater Treatment Methods to Treat Effluents Discharged from Electroplating Industries
Authors: Jima Solomon Workeneh , Melesse Emiru Yidnekachew , Endale Assefa Taye
Published: March 2023

Currently, rapid development, increasing world population, and industrialization such as electroplating sectors have caused an increase in wastewater, heavy metals, and toxic metals in the environment that directly and indirectly affect human beings and other living things. This study compared the efficiency of electro-flotation and electrocoagulation wastewater treatment methods to treat effluents discharged from electroplating industries based on removal efficiency, energy consumption, electrode consumption, and environmental aspects. Electro-flotation uses an electric current to generate hydrogen and oxygen bubbles, which allow contaminants to flow to the top of the treatment unit. However, the electrocoagulation process involves the use of direct current to accelerate the oxidation of the metal sacrificial anode and to generate positively charged ions that act as destabilizing agents for the emulsion. The electroplating wastewater sample solution (500ml) containing heavy metal ions (Zinc, Chromium, Nickel, Cadmium, and Copper) with a 50g/l metal ion concentration of each and a pH range of 7-10, were investigated using the two methods. Accordingly, the metal ions' degree of removal, energy consumption for the treatments, and electrode consumption 95-99%, 0.25-3.0 kWh/m3, and 2.0 kg/m3 respectively, were obtained using the elector-flotation. Whereas, 90–95% of metal ions' degree of removal, 1.0-5.0 kWh/m3 of energy consumption, and 10kg/m3 of electrode consumption, were obtained via the elector coagulation. The Fe-Fe electrode combination had the highest removal efficiencies of the heavy metal ions of Fe-Al, Al-Fe, and Al-Al combinations. Additionally, the effects of pH, time, and direct current on the removal efficiency of metal ions were investigated.
Challenges in Syngas Fermentation for Bioethanol Production: Syngas Composition
Authors: Mukti Rendy , Kresnowati Made Tri Ari Penia , Setiadi Tjandra
Published: March 2023

Energy challenges in developing countries are more significant if they continue to use fossil materials and have an impact on air quality. Lignocellulosic biomass can be an alternative to new renewable sources to replace fossil materials. Indonesia produces various sources of lignocellulosic biomass, which can be used in multiple energy sources such as bioethanol. The hybrid pathway is one of the routes for producing bioethanol. The first stage of the hybrid process is the conversion of biomass into CO, CO2, and H2 (syngas) gas through the gasification process. Then the syngas is converted into bioethanol through fermentation using microorganisms as biocatalysts. The bioethanol production line is the Wood-Ljungdahlii pathway. Factors that affect syngas are the type of biomass (chemical, physical, and morphological properties) and the gasification process (type of gasifier, temperature, gasification agent, and ratio equilibrium (ER)). This paper reviews the challenges in implementing syngas fermentation. In particular, variations in the composition of syngas as a substrate for fermentation.
Optimizing Relay Sensors in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks: A Biologically Inspired Approach
Authors: Abba Ari Ado Adamou , Djedouboum Asside Christian , Njoya Arouna Ndam , Aziz Hamayadji Abdoul , Gueroui Abdelhak Mourad , Mohamadou Alidou , Thiare Ousmane , Labraoui Nabila
Published: March 2023

In recent years, tremendous advances in communication technologies coupled with the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) have led to the emergence of the Big Data phenomenon. Big Data is one of the big IT challenges of the current decade. The amount of data produced is constantly increasing and makes it more and more difficult to process. Managing these masses of data requires the use of new data management systems with efficient access methods. Considered as one of the main sources of Big Data, wireless sensors used in networks offer a credible solution to the problem of Big Data management, especially its collection. Several solutions for Big Data collection based on large-scale wireless sensor networks (LS-WSN) are proposed, taking into account the nature of the applications. The hierarchical architecture is the one used for the deployment of these applications. In such an architecture, relay sensors play an important role in finding the balance of the network and maximizing its lifetime. In most LS-WSN applications, once deployed, the LS-WSN does not provide a mechanism to evaluate and improve the positions of the initially deployed relay sensors. This paper proposes, based on the growth model of physarum polycephalum and its ability to prune unnecessary links and retain only those deemed useful for food routing, a mechanism for evaluating and optimizing relay sensors in LS-WSNs. Simulation results indicate that the proposed approach significantly improves the network lifetime compared to the initial deployment and that can be a useful approach for LS-WSNs dedicated to Big Data collection. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated by experimental results in terms of connectivity and network lifetime.
Wind Energy Resource Potential Evaluation based on Statistical Distribution Models at Four Selected Locations in Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Jember Yosef Berhan , Hailu Gashaye L. , Kassie Abrham Tadesse , Bimrew Destaw Addisu
Published: March 2023

In Ethiopia, and particularly in the Amhara region, the government as well as the concerned organization would not give special attention to establishing wind energy plants. Lack of scientific research inputs about potential assessment can be one of the reasons behind it. In this paper, a wind energy potential assessment for Debel, Malawa, Enwari, and Ayba Eyesus sites in the Amhara region has been investigated. Five statistical distribution methods namely Weibull 3P, Weibull 2P, Rayleigh 2P, Normal, and Lognormal are used to fit the data to the probability density function and cumulative distribution function. The proposed parameter estimation method, to precisely predict the values of the shape parameter, scale parameter, and location parameter, was the Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method (MLE). To analyze the goodness of fit of the models, Kolmogorov, Andersen Darling, and Chi-Square have been used. The test indicated that Weibull 3P is the best fitting method, except for Ayba Eyesus, which is suited to Weibull 2P. For Debel, Malawa, Enwari, and Ayba Eyesus, the maximum annual average wind power density was found to be 74.291 W/m2, 19.183 W/m2, 68.972 W/m2, and 49.221 W/m2 correspondingly. The evaluations show that VENSYS 87 turbine model has better performance in all three sites except Enwari, where Inox Wind DF 100 is favored. With their best performance turbine, the capacity factor of the sites is determined as 14%, 7%, 12%, and 14% for Debel, Malawa, Enwari, and Ayba Eyesus respectively. Furthermore, Economical analysis by initial cost, lifetime, operation, and maintenance cost, has been carried out to estimate the cost of energy. With VENSYS 87 turbine model, the three sites' present value costs are $5,479,586, while it costs $7,306,115 in Enwari with Inox Wind DF 100 turbine. The cost of electricity per kWh is estimated to be $0.00231, $0.00455, $0.00391, and $0.00312 for Debel, Malawa, Enwari, and Ayba Eyesus respectively, and it is significantly lower than the cost from Ethiopian electric utility (EEU), which is around 0.009$/kwh. Access to electricity in Ethiopia was reported at 45% in 2019. This indicates there is a shortage of energy in the country. This kind of study can help authorities and policymakers in taking into account wind power to mitigate energy poverty in the country.
Numerical Research of Double‐Diffusive Natural Convection in Elliptical Cylinders: Influence of Internal Eccentricity
Authors: Bouras Abdelkrim , Taloub Djedid , Djezzar Mahfoud , Driss Zied
Published: March 2023

The second part study of this paper is to numerically study the double-diffusive natural convection phenomenon inside a space annulus, situated between two horizontal confocal elliptic cylinders filled with a laminar flow, is presented. The elliptical coordinates do utilize to transform the physical domain into one rectangular. The basic equations are discretized using the finite-volume method. Using a developed code, the study covers a wide range for (103 ≤ Rat ≤105), Le = 2, N = 1, e = 0.52, 0.62, 0.72, 0.82.We have made some detailed studies covering the influence of the internal eccentricity parameter e1 on heat and mass transfer. Results do present in the form of isotherms, streamlines, and heat transfer. The local and average numbers for Sherwood and Nesselt are also displayed.Comparison with the published results showed that there is a good agreement. Keywords:double-diffusive, natural convection, elliptic cylinders, Rayleigh number, Lewis number.
The reaction of secondary school and university students toward COVID-19-induced lockdown
Authors: Mulugeta Tewodros , Tadesse Elazar , Shegute Tewodros , Desta Takele T.
Published: March 2023

Background: The Coronavirus pandemic triggered a worldwide partial lockdown. The lockdown instigated the school’s shutdown making the students follow their courses in the virtual modalities while staying at home.Methods: The data were collected using an online survey using a semi-structured questionnaire. The study involved anonymous as well as voluntary 77 secondary schools (Grades 9th to 12th) and 132 university students (class standing 1st to 5th year).Results: The lockdown introduced excruciating experiences for most of the students; however, it also created unanticipated opportunities to learn new skills and develop insights on how to mitigate unforeseen crises while remaining reasonably productive. The steps taken to reduce exposure to the coronavirus infection showed a gender discrepancy. Accordingly, males were disproportionately taken risks regardless of the curfew imposed, while females were deeply concerned about the lockdown-induced break of social connections. Students who were attending public schools, presumably from low-income families were found to be more productive during the lockdown compared to their private school counterparts. This shows that, in some instances, the Coronavirus pandemic is a blessing in disguise. The lockdown created mixed feelings; accordingly, the students reported significantly varied responses towards it. This also introduced some inconsistencies in the response of the students. Perceptions about the lockdown and its impact in most instances significantly varied among students, which unlocked the opportunities to learn new lessons on how to manage unprecedented crises.Conclusion: Policymakers need to take into account gender and living standard while developing strategies to mitigate unprecedented challenges.
Age Estimation Using Panoramic Radiography and Lateral Cephalogram—A Comparative Study
Authors: Ayesha Humera , Zakaullah Syed , Ara Syeda Arshiya , Priyanka A , Fatima Arjumand
Published: March 2023

Context:

Age estimation allows the identification of living individuals, dead victims and estimation of age in children using maxillofacial radiographs.

Aim:

To compare age estimation by mandibular third molar developmental stages using modified Demirjian's method on OPG with age estimation by mandibular linear dimensions on lateral cephalogram.

Setting and Design:

A total of 200 randomly selected subjects (100 males and 100 females), with age range from 9 to 20 years, and 200 Digital Orthopantomograms and 200 Digital Lateral Cephalograms were utilized for the study.

Methods and Material:

Radiographs were taken with Kodak 8000C Digital Panoramic and Cephalometric machine operating at 60–90 kvp, with exposure time of 8–18 s at 2–15 mA, with an inbuilt magnification factor. A flat screen Compaq TFT-LCD monitor was used to view the OPG images. Linear mandibular dimensional measurements were made on each Digital Lateral Cephalogram using Trophy Dicom Software.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Regression analysis and regression coefficient for establishing gender-specific equation were observed. Evaluation of results and statistical analysis was carried by using Student's 't' test. For all test, 'P' value of 0.05 or less was utilized for measuring the degree of significance. Intra-observer variability was detected using reliability analysis.

Results:

The accuracy of age estimation by OPG was 93.8% and by lateral cephalogram was 79.7%.

Conclusion:

The OPG analysis is more reliable than the cephalometric parameters.
Primary Cardiac Lymphoma: Case Series
Authors: Sachdeva Sidhant , Tandon Rohit , Gupta Rajiv , Paul Davinder
Published: March 2023

Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is an extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma exclusively located in the heart and/or pericardium. It is frequently found in immunocompromised patients and is fatal unless timely diagnosed and treated. Untreated, it has a mean survival time of 6 months. The differential diagnosis includes other malignant cardiac neoplasms. Among the imaging modalities, echocardiography is emerging as an indispensable investigation for the early diagnosis and follow-up of these patients, although histopathology gives the final diagnosis. Here, we present three cases of PCL in immunocompetent patients, out of whom two were adults and one was a child. Two patients presented with pericardial tamponade and a third with complete heart block. On echocardiography, lymphoma was located in the right heart chambers in all three cases with the presence of significant pericardial effusion. Histopathological examination showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in adults and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in the child. All three patients received chemotherapy. Only two patients survived. The child remained asymptomatic, while the adult male had a relapse after 6 months of completion of the first chemotherapy regimen. The diagnosis of PCL is difficult due to nonspecific clinical manifestations. At present, the main course of treatment is chemotherapy, although surgery may be required in some cases. Among the available imaging modalities, echocardiography is a cost-effective and readily available investigation for the early detection of the tumor.
Renal-limited systemic lupus erythematosus: Avoiding delay in diagnosis
Authors: Kaur Inderjot , Nayak Aditya , Kejriwal Amrit
Published: March 2023

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) and glomerulonephritis (GN) are disorders of varied etiologies. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the multisystemic diseases causing NS and GN. SLE is often suspected whenever NS/GN is associated with extrarenal manifestations. However, it presents solely as NS or GN without extrarenal features in a handful of cases. This affects the prognosis adversely as negligent delay in diagnosis of SLE and initiation of immunosuppressive therapy is associated with poorer response. We present a series of five women who presented solely with renal manifestations. The diagnosis of SLE was delayed, as the women did not have any extrarenal features. We started immunosuppressive therapy after a diagnosis of lupus nephritis was made in retrospect after a kidney biopsy. This case series highlights the importance of performing serology tests for SLE in all young female patients who present with NS/GN to avoid delay in diagnosis.
Infectious human diseases: Regions, habitats, threats, and mitigation strategies: The issues—Part II
Authors: Khandekar Pramod , Ghosh Prasanta K
Published: March 2023

Globally, vaccines against 47 infectious etiologic agents are approved by at least one regulatory authority as of December 2022. The numbers of viral diseases, infections caused by mycoplasma, bacterial and protozoal diseases, mycoses, diseases caused by parasitic worms, and other infectious diseases of unknown etiology run into thousands. Therefore, more vaccines are required to be developed to keep more populations disease free. Climate change and global increase in temperature may promote sea level rises and an increase in the intensity of rains, causing an upsurge in certain infectious diseases in regions of the human population and even causing movement of habitats. In societies where the expenditure on health as a percentage of gross domestic product is higher, people are more capacitated to tackle the treatment and spread of infectious diseases. As several of such conditions are zoonotic, well-planned strategies for controlling the spread would go a long way in the proper direction. Poverty and contagious diseases are infallibly linked. Major infectious diseases of poverty include tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS), malaria, measles, pneumonia, diarrheal diseases, and several neglected tropical diseases. The world is not yet unified in action to jointly work to contain the global problem of infectious diseases in every human habitat. There was a visible divide between and among the rich countries versus the developing countries regarding accessibility and deployment of vaccines against COVID-19 flu. To contain the spread of infectious diseases in the future, the whole world would have to work together, raising funds, strengthening epidemiological surveys, inventing effective vaccines, and vaccinating the eligible population, as also treating the infected with therapy in time, besides resorting to other preventive measures for overall human progress. The developmental efforts are to be pursued jointly and together to benefit all people, respecting the world as one.