bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pouvoir, inconfort et apprentissage : les cours féministes peuvent-ils et doivent-ils être des espaces préfiguratifs et sécuritaires ?
Authors: Pagé Geneviève
Published: January 2020

L’enseignement féministe se donne souvent comme mandat d’être préfiguratif, c’est-à-dire de produire dans le ici et maintenant les formes de relations sociales qui sont l’objectif des mouvements (féministes) (Boggs, 1977, p. 100). De même, les pédagogues féministes tentent souvent de créer des espaces dits « sécuritaires » (safe space), où les personnes apprenantes se sentent en sécurité d’exprimer leurs pensées (Holley et Steiner, 2005). S’il est important et légitime de favoriser la participation de tous, particulièrement des personnes qui prennent rarement la parole publiquement (les femmes et les personnes racisées), j’avance, à l’instar de hooks (1994) et de Barret (2010), que tenter de créer un espace sécuritaire (safe space) dans une salle de classe n’est ni réaliste ni désirable. Je propose plutôt d’investir le concept d’« espace d’apprentissage » et d’y construire des pratiques pédagogiques féministes visant à outiller les personnes étudiantes pour qu’elles deviennent des actrices de changement jonglant avec des personnes et des contextes imparfaits.
Création, imagination et sens esthétique
Authors: Bidima Jean Godefroy
Published: January 2020

Au siècle du capitalisme organisateur (de la politique, de l’économie et de la technologie), les symboles humains, la création artistique et le sens esthétique sont sous assistance respiratoire. C’est bien les logiques commerciales et de la financiarisation de l’art qui leur administrent une perfusion. Le moteur du sens esthétique est ainsi dans une relative hétéronomie. C’est justement parce qu’il est possible de mettre des grains de sable dans ce « moteur esthétique, fille du capitalisme », qu’il faut résister à cet enlaidissement de la vie en mettant en question — sous plusieurs angles et de manière répétitive — le fonctionnalisme qui envahit « la dimension esthétique » de l’homme à travers l’exploitation de son attention et de son imaginaire. Dans cette recréation du sens esthétique, l’objet d’art y aura un autre statut. Il nous forcera à un déplacement des regards, de l’objet vers le travail sur l’objet, de l’objet comme produit aux conditions de production qui renseignent et sur le travailleur et sur ses conditions de travail. Un regard qui dépasse la matérialité de l’objet avec sa commercialisation possible vers ce que cet objet prometou ne promet pas, vers ce que cet objet communique ou empêche de communiquer. Il faut restituer à l’objet d’art cet aura (comme le disait Walter Benjamin) qui lui est toujours enlevé par la culture de masse qui peut agacer avec ses raccourcis, ses petites connivences, ses consécrations calculées, ses marchés organisés, ses grand-messes culturelles et son dédain de tout ce qui ne rentre pas dans la comptabilité. Le sens esthétique sera ainsi un travail sur les motivations du Sujet, les complications de son imaginaire, ses utopies ainsi que sur le statut de l’objet d’art qui pointe du doigt nos vies… si compliquées.
La philosophie sociale ou le chapitre manquant de la philosophie africaine
Authors: Kavwahirehi Kasereka
Published: January 2020

Cet essai cherche à montrer comment et pourquoi la philosophie africaine, telle qu’elle est élaborée à partir de 1970 après le rejet de l’ethnophilosophie, n’a pas développé un courant de philosophie sociale ou de théorie critique. Après les débats sur les méthodes et les conditions de possibilité d’une philosophie africaine rigoureuse, une nouvelle génération de philosophes africains a voulu remédier au théoricisme en faisant de la philosophie politique normative la voie royale. Au risque de reconduire autrement ce à quoi elle voulait échapper, elle a aussi laissé en veilleuse la voie de l’analyse sociale de la société à sauver de la souffrance sociale. Ainsi, faute d’avoir développé des outils d’analyse appropriés, la philosophie africaine fait silencieusement face à la crise sociale qui frappe nombre de sociétés africaines où les inégalités sociales s’aggravent, où les revendications d’une vie bonne nourrissent des mouvements sociaux, et où l’humanitaire semble être la seule réponse à la souffrance sociale. Une complémentarité entre philosophie politique et philosophie sociale semble être le nouveau défi à relever pour ceux qui veulent contribuer à imaginer de nouvelles institutions sociales et économiques susceptibles de répondre aux aspirations des sociétés dans leur diversité.
Futuros digitales: Breve ensayo sobre la vida sostenible en la era digital
Authors: Capurro Rafael
Published: January 2020

Las siguientes reflexiones se basan en la premisa de que la vida individual y social se abre a un conjunto de posibilidades entre las cuales la digitalización es una de ellas y no una meta única en un proceso histórico determinista. La sociedad, entendida como interacción entre ciudadanos libres y entre estos y el gobierno, tiene actualmente la tarea de fomentar la participación de todos en la creación de posibles futuros digitales sobre la base de reglas de juego limpias así como de promover la ilustración digital tanto en el sentido de educar en el manejo de las tecnologías digitales como de la reflexión crítica sobre ellas con relación a formas de vida sustentables.
To the question of the notion of digital transformation of science
Authors: Popova Svetlana Mikhailovna
Published: January 2020

Based on the analysis of a vast massif of multi-lingual scientific literature in the broad context, the author examines development of the perception of the phenomenon of digital transformation of society as a whole and science in particular. Since digital transformation takes place “here and now”, objectively leading the process of scientific cognition in its essence and results, any current results of comprehension of this scale of multi-level process objectively carry private, intermediary character. However, clarification of the content of this concept and formation of analytical constructs that would unambiguously describe the specificity of the new social reality are necessary for the theory and management practice. It is noted that academic concept of digital transformation of science did not completely form and is dynamically changing in accord with the development of reality. Analysis of the scope of ideas pertaining to digital transformation and various accompanying concepts allows formulating perceptions on the essence of this phenomenon in the sphere of science. This work demonstrates the dual character of the impact of digitalization upon the scientific sphere and functionality of knowledge.
Biographical Introduction, Interpretation and Summary of Contents
Authors: Runge Franziska
Published: January 2020

The eighth volume in the series derives from an MA course in Scandinavian literature entitled ‘Dem Polarlicht auf der Spur. Wissenschaftshistorische und kulturwissen­schaftliche Erkundigungen’, given by Marie-Theres Federhofer at Humboldt University Berlin in 2019. Course participants wrote content summaries of selected texts as part of their exam, some of which were selected for the Aurorae Borealis Studia Classica series. The first student text edited and adapted for publication in the series is by Franziska Runge. She has written about one of the most cherished fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Sneedronningen (The Snow Queen), first published in 1844 and then reissued with illustrations by Thomas Vilhelm Pedersen in 1849. As demonstrated in Runge’s introduction, Andersen was well aware of the theories of electromagnetism promoted by the physicist Ørsted at precisely this time. Although a Romantic author, Andersen not only endows the aurora with a symbolic role in the narrative, he also alludes to contemporary scientific debates regarding the properties and origin of the phenomenon.
Viability and management of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) population in the Endau Rompin landscape, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Saaban Salman , Yasak Mohd Nawayai , Gumal Melvin , Oziar Aris , Cheong Francis , Shaari Zaleha , Tyson Martin , Hedges Simon
Published: January 2020

The need for conservation scientists to produce research of greater relevance to practitioners is now increasingly recognized. This study provides an example of scientists working alongside practitioners and policy makers to address a question of immediate relevance to elephant conservation in Malaysia and using the results to inform wildlife management policy and practice including the National Elephant Conservation Action Plan for Peninsular Malaysia. Since ensuring effective conservation of elephants in the Endau Rompin Landscape (ERL) in Peninsular Malaysia is difficult without data on population parameters we (1) conducted a survey to assess the size of the elephant population, (2) used that information to assess the viability of the population under different management scenarios including translocation of elephants out of the ERL (a technique long used in Malaysia to mitigate human–elephant conflict (HEC)), and (3) assessed a number of options for managing the elephant population and HEC in the future. Our dung-count based survey in the ERL produced an estimate of 135 (95% CI [80–225]) elephants in the 2,500 km2area. The population is thus of national significance, containing possibly the second largest elephant population in Peninsular Malaysia, and with effective management elephant numbers could probably double. We used the data from our survey plus other sources to conduct a population viability analysis to assess relative extinction risk under different management scenarios. Our results demonstrate that the population cannot sustain even very low levels of removal for translocation or anything other than occasional poaching. We describe, therefore, an alternative approach, informed by this analysis, which focuses on in situ management and non-translocation-based methods for preventing or mitigating HEC. The recommended approach includes an increase in law enforcement to protect the elephants and their habitat, maintenance of habitat connectivity between the ERL and other elephant habitat, and a new focus on adaptive management.
Development of light-weight video-tracking technology for use in wildlife research: A case study on kangaroos
Authors: Herbert C.A. , Dassis M. , Pye M. , Jones P.W. , Leong P.H.W. , Thomas G. , Cope H. , Jarman A. , Hobbs R. , Murray P.E. , Machovsky Capuska G.E.
Published: January 2020

There have been significant advances in the development of animal-borne sensor technologies, or biologgers, in recent years. This has resulted in tremendous capacity for wildlife researchers to remotely collect physiological, behavioural and social data from wildlife in circumstances that were unthinkable just decades ago. While this technology can provide us with a unique insight into the “secret lives” of wild animals, there is a need to evaluate the utility of these new sensors versus traditional wildlife research methodologies, and to critically evaluate the integrity of the data collected by ensuring that these devices themselves do not alter the physiology or behaviour of the recipient animal. This paper reports on the development of a light weight “animal borne video and environmental data collection system” (AVED), which can be deployed on animals as small as 11 kg, whilst still meeting the desired 3% body weight threshold. This AVED (referred to as the “Kangaroo-cam”) simultaneously collects video footage and GPS location data for an average of 19 h. Kangaroo-cams were deployed on seven kangaroos as a proof of concept of their potential utility for the study of location specific behaviour and diet in a medium-sized terrestrial herbivore. Following device recovery and data processing, we were able to successfully score 83 foraging events which allowed us to determine diet based on visual identification (to the family level) of plants consumed. This approach could be further broadened to include a comparison of plant species consumed versus plant species encountered to provide a novel approach to diet selection analysis. When combined with GPS mapping of foraging locations, this approach would allow researchers to address questions on diet selection at both fine (within patch) and broad (habitat) spatial scales, overcoming some of the limitations of traditional diet selection methodologies. However, animal capture and collar deployment caused a significant elevation in stress hormone concentrations within the first 24 h post-capture, which highlighted the need to incorporate a time-delay capacity into these devices. We conclude the paper by reviewing recent advances in the development of AVED technology and providing suggestions for the improvement of this Kangaroo-cam device.
Abdominal CT Dose Examination for Adult Patient in Abuja and Keffi, Hospitals in Nigerian
Authors: Rilwan U. , Onuchukwu G. C. , Sabiu L.K. , Abdullahi H. A. , Umar I.
Published: January 2020

This study has established local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs). Dose report and scan parameters for abdomen was assessed during the period of seven months at the three study centres. Data on CT Dose index (CTDIw) and dose length product (DLP) available and achieved on CT scanner control console was recorded for a minimum of 10 average sized patients for each facility to established a local Diagnostic reference level (LDRLs) and radiation dose optimization Data was collected using a purposive sampling technique, from 131 adult patients weighing 70±3 kg) from Philip brilliance, Toshiba Alexion and General Electric (GE) CT scanners for this study. Third quartile values of the estimated LDRLs for CTDIw and DLP was determined as 12.7 mGy and 560 mGy*cm. The mean CTDIw obtained are lower to the reported data from the European Commission of 35 mGy. The mean DLP are comparably lower than all the reported value from the European commission of 780 mGy/cm. Therefore, there is no any clinical implication and hence CT dose optimization is recommended.
Analysis of ARIMA-Artificial Neural Network Hybrid Model in Forecasting of Stock Market Returns
Authors: Musa Yakubu , Joshua Stephen
Published: January 2020

This study focuses on the modelling of Nigerian stock market all–shares index and evaluations of predictions ability using ARIMA, Artificial Neural Network and a hybrid ARIMA-Artificial Neural Network model. The ARIMA (1,1,1) model and neural network with architecture (6:1:3) turns out to be the most fitted among the considered models, these models were used for forecasting the returns, and their performances have been compared according to some statistical measure of accuracy. A hybrid model has been constructed using ARIMA-Artificial Neural Networks model, the computational results on the data reveal that the hybrid model using Artificial Neural Network, provides better forecasts, and will enhance forecasting over the single ARIMA and Artificial Neural Networks models. The study recommends the use of ARIMA-Artificial neural network for modelling and forecasting stock market returns.
Phytoremediation of Copper and Nickel Contaminated Soil Using Eleusine indica on Soil Properties
Authors: I. Ameh G. , J. Onuh E.
Published: January 2020

The effects of Eleusine indica phytoremediation on the soil properties of Copper and Nickel contaminated soil samples were investigated using standard techniques. Soil sample and seeds of E. inidca were collected from a farmland in Obe, Nkanu West L.G.A of Enugu State. 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% potted treatments of Copper and Nickel contaminated soil were made for three samples (initial sample, sample without plant and sample with plant). The plant showed BAF and TF greater than 1. The Soil samples after the plant was harvested were subjected to soil analysis tests (Metal determination, pH, Soil moisture content, total organic carbon, and cation exchange capacity). The results from the study revealed that soil samples with plant showed a lower pH level within the range of 6.50 to 7.80 and higher percentage moisture content for both Cu and Ni contaminated soil samples, of which 1% treatment showed the highest percentage moisture of 0.679% for Cu contamination and 3.16% for Ni contamination. Heavy metal contamination of soil reduces its total organic carbon and increases its cation exchange capacity. Eleusine indica is a hyperaccumulator, its root stores more heavy metals and thus suitable for phytoremediation.
The Imaging Features of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutant Gliomas
Authors: Mubarak Fatima
Published: January 2020

To appraise Magnetic resonance imaging features of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas. In literature, IDH mutant gliomas are usually in frontal lobes, they are less contrast-enhancing with well-defined borders. They have high ADC values low regional cerebral blood volumes. 2-HG detection of MR spectroscopy has more promising results. 

In this review, we tried to describe conventional and advanced neuroimaging features of IDH mutant Gliomas.
On A Shape Parameter of Gompertz Inverse Exponential Distribution Using Classical and Non Classical Methods of Estimation
Authors: Godfrey Ieren Terna , Felix Chama Adana’a , Alao Bamigbala Olateju , Joel Jerry , M. Kromtit Felix , Boyle Eraikhuemen Innocent
Published: January 2020

The Gompertz inverse exponential distribution is a three-parameter lifetime model with greater flexibility and performance for analyzing real life data. It has one scale parameter and two shape parameters responsible for the flexibility of the distribution. Despite the importance and necessity of parameter estimation in model fitting and application, it has not been established that a particular estimation method is better for any of these three parameters of the Gompertz inverse exponential distribution. This article focuses on the development of Bayesian estimators for a shape of the Gompertz inverse exponential distribution using two non-informative prior distributions (Jeffery and Uniform) and one informative prior distribution (Gamma prior) under Square error loss function (SELF), Quadratic loss function (QLF) and Precautionary loss function (PLF). These results are compared with the maximum likelihood counterpart using Monte Carlo simulations. Our results indicate that Bayesian estimators under Quadratic loss function (QLF) with any of the three prior distributions provide the smallest mean square error for all sample sizes and different values of parameters.
Review highlights need to examine mood in treating alcohol problems
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: January 2020

A newly published research review explores the evolution in thinking around the relationship between alcohol use disorders and anxiety, drawing its main conclusion from neuroscience that the two conditions share more common mechanisms than once believed. The report's co‐authors suggest that current knowledge about the two disorders points to the potential benefits of both neurobiological and psychotherapeutic treatment strategies for affected patients.
FeP Quantum Dots Confined in Carbon‐Nanotube‐Grafted P‐Doped Carbon Octahedra for High‐Rate Sodium Storage and Full‐Cell Applications
Authors: Shi Shanshan , Sun Congli , Yin Xiuping , Shen Liying , Shi Qinhao , Zhao Kangning , Zhao Yufeng , Zhang Jiujun
Published: January 2020

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) possess high theoretical sodium storage capacities, but suffer from poor rate performance, due to their intrinsic low conductivity and large volume expansion upon sodiation/desodiation. Compositing TMPs with carbon materials or downsizing their feature size are recognized as efficient approaches to address the above issues. Nevertheless the surface‐controlled capacitive behavior is generally dominated, which inevitably compromises the charge/discharge platform, and decreases the operational potential window in full‐cell constructions. In this work, a novel architecture (FeP@OCF) with FeP quantum dots confined in P‐doped 3D octahedral carbon framework/carbon nanotube is rationally designed. Such structure enables a simultaneous enhancement on the diffusion‐controlled capacity in the platform region (2.3 folds), and the surface‐controlled capacity in the slope region (2.9 folds) as compared to that of pure FeP. As a result, an excellent reversible capacity (674 mAh g−1@ 0.1 A g−1) and a record high‐rate performance (262 mAh g−1 @ 20 A g−1) are achieved. A full‐cell FeP@OCF// Na3V2(PO4)3 is also constructed showing an outstandingly high energy density of 185 Wh kg−1 (based on the total mass of active materials in both electrodes), which outperforms the state‐of‐the art TMP‐based sodium‐ion battery full cells.
Soft and Ion‐Conducting Materials in Bioelectronics: From Conducting Polymers to Hydrogels
Authors: Jia Manping , Rolandi Marco
Published: January 2020

Bioelectronics devices that directly interface with cells and tissue have applications in neural and cardiac stimulation and recording, electroceuticals, and brain machine interfaces for prostheses. The interface between bioelectronic devices and biological tissue is inherently challenging due to the mismatch in both mechanical properties (hard vs soft) and charge carriers (electrons vs ions). In addition to conventional metals and silicon, new materials have bridged this interface, including conducting polymers, carbon‐based nanomaterials, as well as ion‐conducting polymers and hydrogels. This review provides an update on advances in soft bioelectronic materials for current and future therapeutic applications. Specifically, this review focuses on soft materials that can conduct both electrons and ions, and also deliver drugs and small molecules. The future opportunities and emerging challenges in the field are also highlighted.
Vascularized Biomaterials to Study Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Bittner Katharine R. , Jiménez Juan M. , Peyton Shelly R.
Published: January 2020

Cancer metastasis, the spread of cancer cells to distant organs, is responsible for 90% of cancer‐related deaths. Cancer cells need to enter and exit circulation in order to form metastases, and the vasculature and endothelial cells are key regulators of this process. While vascularized 3D in vitro systems have been developed, few have been used to study cancer, and many lack key features of vessels that are necessary to study metastasis. This review focuses on current methods of vascularizing biomaterials for the study of cancer, and three main factors that regulate intravasation and extravasation: endothelial cell heterogeneity, hemodynamics, and the extracellular matrix of the perivascular niche.
Advances in the Formulations of Microneedles for Manifold Biomedical Applications
Authors: Chang Hao , Zheng Mengjia , Chew Sharon Wan Ting , Xu Chenjie
Published: January 2020

Transdermal delivery systems have recently attracted a great interest due to its minimal invasiveness and convenience. One latest technology in this field is the microneedle technology, which is a single or array of miniaturized needles on the micrometer scale. They pierce the stratum corneum and create transient microchannels for drug diffusion or extraction of skin interstitial fluid. The latest developments of the microneedles are reviewed here by focusing on the materials and fabrication techniques. They are categorized into nonpolymeric and polymeric ones that are made through a wide range of technologies such as lithography, micromolding, droplet‐born air blowing. Powered by the unique structures and functional materials, these microneedle platforms can provide solutions for skin diseases, diabetes, obesity, ocular diseases, as well as point‐of‐care diagnosis.
Mendelian Randomization Study of Obesity and Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Marini Sandro , Merino Jordi , Montgomery Bailey E. , Malik Rainer , Sudlow Catherine L. , Dichgans Martin , Florez Jose C. , Rosand Jonathan , Gill Dipender , Anderson Christopher D. ,   on behalf of the International Stroke Genetics Consortium
Published: January 2020

Objective

To systematically investigate causal relationships between obesity and cerebrovascular disease and the extent to which hypertension and hyperglycemia mediate the effect of obesity on cerebrovascular disease.

Methods

We used summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies for body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), and multiple cerebrovascular disease phenotypes. We explored causal associations with 2‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) accounting for genetic covariation between BMI and WHR, and we assessed what proportion of the association between obesity and cerebrovascular disease was mediated by systolic blood pressure (SBP) and blood glucose levels, respectively.

Results

Genetic predisposition to higher BMI did not increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease. In contrast, for each 10% increase in WHR there was a 75% increase (95% confidence interval [CI] = 44–113%) in risk for large artery ischemic stroke, a 57% (95% CI = 29–91%) increase in risk for small vessel ischemic stroke, a 197% increase (95% CI = 59–457%) in risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, and an increase in white matter hyperintensity volume (β = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.01–0.21). These WHR associations persisted after adjusting for genetic determinants of BMI. Approximately one‐tenth of the observed effect of WHR was mediated by SBP for ischemic stroke (proportion mediated: 12%, 95% CI = 4–20%), but no evidence of mediation was found for average blood glucose.

Interpretation

Abdominal adiposity may trigger causal pathological processes, partially independent from blood pressure and totally independent from glucose levels, that lead to cerebrovascular disease. Potential targets of these pathological processes could represent novel therapeutic opportunities for stroke. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:516–524
Pd nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide as an effective and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction
Authors: Mirza‐Aghayan Maryam , Mohammadi Marzieh , Addad Ahmed , Boukherroub Rabah
Published: January 2020

A general method for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles loaded on reduced graphene oxide functionalized with diethylenetriamine (PdNPs/rGO‐NH2) using a sonochemical procedure is described. The heterogeneous nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray, thermogravimetric analysis, high‐angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–visible absorption, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The PdNPs/rGO‐NH2 was very effective for the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction of several aryl iodide compounds with different alkenes in the presence of triethylamine. The reaction provides the coupling products in good to excellent yields (59–100%). Additionally, the PdNPs/rGO‐NH2 catalyst can be reutilized for six successive runs without any apparent diminution of its catalytic reactivity.
Silica iminopyridine‐functionalized nanomaghemite enhances the oxygenation activity and durability of simple Co(II) salophen complex
Authors: Keikha Narges , Rezaeifard Abdolreza , Jafarpour Maasoumeh
Published: January 2020

A novel magnetically recoverable catalyst was produced by coordinative attachment of Co(II) salophen complex to silica iminopyridine (SIPy)‐functionalized‐γ‐Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (SMNP@SIPy/Co(II) salophen). The vibration spectra and compositional data provided sufficient evidences for the structural integrity of as‐prepared organic–inorganic nanohybrid. The magnetic nanocatalyst proved to be an efficient and selective heterogeneous catalyst for oxidation of different benzylic alcohols and featured higher catalytic activity and stability than that of homogenous counterpart. A TOF of 151 h−1 and TON of more than 322 were obtained for oxidation of 4‐cholrobenzyl alcohol in this catalytic system. The supported catalyst could easily be recovered from the reaction mixture by an external magnetic field and reused for subsequent experiments with consistent catalytic activity.
Robust control for a class of uncertain neutral‐type systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Meng Xin , Gao Cunchen , Liu Zhen , Jiang Baoping
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the problem of robust
asymptotic stabilization for a class of uncertain neutral‐type systems with time‐varying delays. A sufficient condition is obtained to ensure the considered system is robust asymptotic stabilization with disturbance attenuation level
, which is based on the sliding mode observer framework. Meanwhile, a novel integral sliding surface function with the compensator is proposed to make sure the considered system can be stabilized. And the gain matrix is obtained by solving a strict linear matrix inequality. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the validity and potential of the proposed method.
Has the iPhone cannibalized the iPad? An asymmetric competition model
Authors: Guidolin Mariangela , Guseo Renato
Published: January 2020

Product cannibalization is a well‐known phenomenon in marketing, describing the case when a new product steals sales from another product under the same brand. A special case of cannibalization may occur when the older product reacts to the competitive strength of the newer one, absorbing the corresponding market shares. We show that such cannibalization occurred between two Apple products, the iPhone and the iPad, and the first has succeeded at the expense of the second. We propose an innovation diffusion model for asymmetric competition, Lotka‐Volterra with asymmetric competition, allow to test the presence and the extent of the inverse cannibalization phenomenon. A nondimensional representation of the model helps showing the effects of cannibalization on life cycle length.
Materialien im Brückenbau: In absehbarer Zukunft
Authors: Wong Mary , Braszus Lukas
Published: January 2020

Infrastrukturbauwerke sind grundlegend für die Zukunft von Städten und das urbane Wachstum. Zentraler Aspekt auf dem Weg in die Zukunft ist die Nachhaltigkeit. In diesem Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, in welche Richtung sich Werkstoffe im Brückenbau dahingehend in absehbarer Zukunft entwickeln können. Wie kann die Leistung optimiert, zur Nachhaltigkeit beigetragen und das Umsetzungspotenzial aufgezeigt werden? Wie kann der Verbrauch von Primärbaustoffen verringert, wie durch den Einsatz innovativer Methoden die Lebensdauer von Brücken verlängert werden? Dazu werden Pilotprojekte vorgestellt, die das Potenzial haben, den Brückenbau nachhaltig zu verändern.
Profiles of prognostic alternative splicing signature in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Fangming , Chen Qifeng , Liu Chaojun , Duan Xiaoran , Hu Jinlong , Liu Jian , Cao Huicun , Li Wang , Li Hui
Published: January 2020

Previous studies have demonstrated the role of abnormal alternative splicing (AS) in tumor progression. This study examines the prognostic index (PI) of alternative splices (ASs) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical features and splicing events of patients with HCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed AS (DEAS) were compared between HCC and adjacent normal samples. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine changes in DEAS associated with overall survival (OS). A PI was generated from OS‐associated DEASs using Kaplan‐Meier curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, multivariate Cox regression, and cluster analysis. Then, the correlation between DEASs and splicing factors was assessed, followed by functional and pathway enrichment analysis. We identified 34 163 ASs of 8985 genes in HCC, and 153 OS‐ASs were identified using univariate Cox regression analysis. Low‐ and high‐PI groups were determined based on the median “PI‐ALL” value according to significantly different survival (P = 2.2e − 16). The ROC curve of all PI (PI‐ALL) had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.993 for survival status in patients with HCC. A potential regulatory network associated with prognosis of patients with HCC was established. Enrichment analysis also resulted in the identification of several pathways potentially associated with carcinogenesis and progression of HCC. Four clusters were identified that were associated with clinical features and prognosis. Our study generated comprehensive profiles of ASs in HCC. The interaction network and functional connections were used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of AS in HCC.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement thrombosis in patient supported with durable left ventricular assist device
Authors: Rao Sriram D. , Jagasia Dinesh , Anwaruddin Saif , Birati Edo Y.
Published: January 2020

Aortic insufficiency (AI) is a frequent problem after continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation and results in increased morbidity and mortality. Advances in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) technology have resulted in this being discussed as a potential option for LVAD patients with AI. While small case series have been published, we report the first case of TAVR thrombosis in an LVAD patient. This case highlights a major diagnostic and management dilemma that should become more present if this strategy becomes more widespread.
The impact of chronic kidney disease in women undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Analysis from the Women's INternational Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (WIN‐TAVI) registry
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Dhrubajyoti , Sartori Samantha , Baber Usman , Cao Davide , Chandiramani Rishi , Tchétché Didier , Petronio Anna Sonia , Mehilli Julinda , Lefèvre Thierry , Presbitero Patrizia , Capranzaro Piera , Sardella Gennaro , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Chandrasekhar Jaya , Dumonteil Nicholas , Fraccaro Chiara , Trabattoni Daniela , Mikhail Ghada W. , Naber Christoph , Kini Annapoorna , Morice Marie‐Claude , Claessen Bimmer E. , Chieffo Alaide , Mehran Roxana
Published: January 2020

Background

The prevalence of both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and aortic stenosis (AS) increase with age. Although baseline CKD is frequent in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), its significance among women is largely unknown.

Methods

Women's INternational Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (WIN‐TAVI) is a multinational, prospective registry of women undergoing TAVR for severe AS. We included patients with available baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and completed 1‐year follow‐up. Patients were categorized into three groups based on their eGFR: No CKD (normal kidney function to stage 2 CKD: eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2); (b) mild CKD (stage 3a CKD: eGFR = 45–59 ml/min/1.73 m2); and (c) moderate/severe CKD (stage ≥3b CKD: eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2). All events were adjudicated according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)‐2 criteria.

Result

Out of 852 women undergoing TAVR, 326 (38.3%) had no CKD, 225 (26.4%) had mild CKD, and 301 (35.3%) had moderate/severe CKD. Women with higher stage of CKD at baseline were more likely to have a history of hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, anemia, chronic lung disease, hemodialysis, prior percutaneous coronary intervention, and pacemaker implantation. After multivariate adjustment, moderate/severe CKD was associated with a greater risk of 1‐year VARC‐2 safety endpoints [hazard ratio (HR) 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–2.60], all‐cause death (HR 2.00, 95% CI: 1.03–3.90), and composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke or life‐threatening bleeding (HR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.04–2.76). There were no differences in 30‐day and 1‐year VARC‐2 efficacy and 30‐day VARC‐2 safety outcomes.

Conclusion

CKD is associated with substantial and independent risk for mortality and morbidity at 1‐year follow‐up in women undergoing TAVR.
A rapidly enlarging painful neck mass in a 59‐year‐old woman
Authors: Nath Priti V. , Shakir Mohamed , Hoang Thanh D. , Bergeron April E. , Glistercarlson Babette C.
Published: January 2020

Primary care physicians and endocrinologists should be aware that neck masses with concerning features like, in this case, a delay in evaluation and treatment may dramatically shorten a patient's life.
Calculative modeling for quantified semantics‐color mapping
Authors: Hu Guosheng , Liu Zheng , Wang Yun , Sheng Ai
Published: January 2020

There is abundant research indicating the existence of a stable mechanism of correspondence between semantic units and color. Researchers usually refer to it as synesthesia. This mechanism inspired the creation of a cross‐media mapping model (between semantics and color) to execute semantics‐color interaction and design, and a method to generate corresponding color combinations by semantic imagery. In this project, a semantics‐color mapping model was constructed based on user‐evaluated parameters of color relations and semantic dimensions. The model consists of six semantic dimensions corresponding to six multicolor relation scales. An attempt was also made to provide a synesthetic color combination corresponding to a user's semantic expectation. This method paved a path toward restoring semantics‐color synesthesia and generating color combinations by semantic control. The synesthetic mapping model will affect color perception and expression as well. The cross‐media mapping model can be applied not only in semantic‐driven color design but also in cross‐media interaction, cognitive and expressive aid, and other artistic fields.
Tailoring Scientific Communications for Audience and Research Narrative
Authors: Hutchins Jessica A.
Published: January 2020

For success in research careers, scientists must be able to communicate their research questions, findings, and significance to both expert and nonexpert audiences. Scientists commonly disseminate their research using specialized communication products such as research articles, grant proposals, poster presentations, and scientific talks. The style and content of these communication products differ from the language usage of the general public and can be difficult for nonexperts to follow and access. For this reason, it is important to tailor scientific communications to the intended audience in order to ensure that the communication product achieves its goals, especially when communicating with nonexpert audiences. This article presents a framework to increase access to research and science literacy. It addresses aspects of communication that scientists should consider when producing a scientific communication product: audience, purpose, format, and significance (research narrative). These factors are essential for understanding the communication scenario and goals, which provide guidance when tailoring research communications to different audiences. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Distributed parallel algorithms for online virtual network embedding applications
Authors: Lu Qiao , Nguyen Khoa , Huang Changcheng
Published: January 2020

Network virtualization (NV) has ubiquitously emerged as an indispensable attribute to enable the success of the forthcoming virtualized networks (eg, 5G network and smart Internet of Things [IoT]). Virtual network embedding (VNE) is the major challenge in NV that allows multiple heterogeneous virtual networks (VNs) to simultaneously coexist on a shared substrate infrastructure. A great number of VNE algorithms have been proposed, but over the past decades, most of them are only targeting for VNE node mapping. In this paper, we propose two distributed parallel genetic algorithms, which are based on two versions of crossover and mutation schemes, for online VN link embedding problems with low latency and high efficiency. Furthermore, we conduct a time analysis on the executing time of independently distributed parallel computing machines in details. This comprehensive analysis validates the parallel computing scalability on an identical number of predefined parallel machines. Extensive simulations have shown that our proposed algorithms can achieve better performance than integer linear programming (ILP)–based solutions while meeting the stringent time requirements for online VN embedding applications. Our proposed algorithms yield superior performance in running time with 32.78% up to 1727.8% faster than existing popular VNE algorithms. Additionally, the theoretical analysis indicates that the execution time can be reduced to logarithmic times by applying proposed distributed parallel algorithms.
Host population genetics and biogeography structure the microbiome of the sponge Cliona delitrix
Authors: Easson Cole G. , Chaves-Fonnegra Andia , Thacker Robert W. , Lopez Jose V.
Published: January 2020

Sponges occur across diverse marine biomes and host internal microbial communities that can provide critical ecological functions. While strong patterns of host specificity have been observed consistently in sponge microbiomes, the precise ecological relationships between hosts and their symbiotic microbial communities remain to be fully delineated. In the current study, we investigate the relative roles of host population genetics and biogeography in structuring the microbial communities hosted by the excavating sponge Cliona delitrix. A total of 53 samples, previously used to demarcate the population genetic structure of C. delitrix, were selected from two locations in the Caribbean Sea and from eight locations across the reefs of Florida and the Bahamas. Microbial community diversity and composition were measured using Illumina‐based high‐throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region and related to host population structure and geographic distribution. Most operational taxonomic units (OTUs) specific to Cliona delitrix microbiomes were rare, while other OTUs were shared with congeneric hosts. Across a large regional scale (>1,000 km), geographic distance was associated with considerable variability of the sponge microbiome, suggesting a distance–decay relationship, but little impact over smaller spatial scales (<300 km) was observed. Host population structure had a moderate effect on the structure of these microbial communities, regardless of geographic distance. These results support the interplay between geographic, environmental, and host factors as forces determining the community structure of microbiomes associated with C. delitrix. Moreover, these data suggest that the mechanisms of host regulation can be observed at the population genetic scale, prior to the onset of speciation.
Large‐ and small‐seeded species have contrasting functional neighborhoods in a subtropical forest
Authors: Umaña María Natalia , Arellano Gabriel , Forero‐Montaña Jimena , Nytch Christopher J. , Swenson Nathan G. , Thompson Jill , Uriarte María , Zimmerman Jess K.
Published: January 2020

Forest community composition is the outcome of multiple forces, including those that increase taxonomic and functional divergence and those that promote convergence in traits. The mechanisms underlying these forces may not operate homogenously within communities; individuals of different species are never perfectly mixed, and thus, species tend to be surrounded and interact with different subsets of species. In fact, taxonomic and functional composition of neighborhoods of different focal species can be highly variable. Here, we examine whether mechanisms driving species‐level neighborhoods relate to intrinsic characteristics of focal species such as differences in life‐history and resource‐uptake strategies and in turn relate to species survival. We focus on two key characteristics: (1) seed mass, which defines a dominant axis of life‐history strategies related to stress tolerance, and (2) understory light preferences that sort species from light‐demanding pioneers to shade‐tolerant. We monitored seedling communities over 10 yr in Puerto Rico and calculated neighborhood trait dispersion in species‐level neighborhoods using seven functional traits. We examined whether species‐level characteristics, seed mass and preferred light conditions, influence patterns of functional dispersion in seedling neighborhoods using linear models. Then, we examined how species‐level functional neighborhoods impact seedling survival. We found that small‐ and large‐seeded species diverge in the type of functional neighborhoods they associate with. Large‐seeded species associate with neighbors that are more similar than expected in leaf economic traits, but more different than expected in seed mass and leaf area traits, while the opposite was found for small‐seeded species. This variation in species functional neighborhood was important in determining seedling survival. In sum, our results suggest that divergent and convergent forces do not operate homogenously over entire communities. Their relative role changes in space, and on a species‐by‐species basis, probably with a deterministic foundation linked to traits such as seed mass.
Quality by Design for industry translation: Three‐dimensional risk assessment failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis for additively manufactured patient‐specific implants
Authors: Martinez‐Marquez Daniel , Terhaer Klemens , Scheinemann Peter , Mirnajafizadeh Ali , Carty Christopher P. , Stewart Rodney A.
Published: January 2020

The complexity of patient‐specific implants combined with the current limited expertise in reliability engineering and manufacturability in the additive manufacturing (AM) sector is posing a number of quality performance challenges. Worldwide medical device regulatory bodies are facing increasing pressure to devise adequate standards to ensure long‐term patient safety and product performance. The implementation of the Quality by Design (QbD) system to titanium 3D‐printed bone implants offers a proven system to ensure that products are designed and manufactured correctly from the beginning without errors. This article reports on the development of a failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA) coupled with a 3D risk assessment approach. This integrated approach is based on a questionnaire performed with three industry firms and three university research groups with significant experience and expertise in medical device product development and/or research in this field. Research outcomes include a FMECA form containing 137 failure modes with AM materials, AM machine general, fabrication, electron beam melting machine, finishing, and design being as the most sensitive process areas in terms of product quality. We subsequently propose corresponding preventive and corrective strategies for risk mitigation. The approach forms part of the QbD system being developed by the authors specifically for additive manufactured titanium patient‐specific implants.
Simulation of gas concentration during the process of air injection and extraction in a landfill
Authors: Ma Jun , Liu Lei , Yu Xiao , Fei Xunchang , Zhang Xiong , Zeng Gang , Bi Yuzhang
Published: January 2020

Old landfills require pre‐aeration before excavation to reduce the emissions of volatile organic compounds and methane. Variation and distribution of gas species during landfill aeration is important in designing an aeration system and evaluating aeration progress. Limited research is conducted on the variation of gas concentration in aerobic landfills considering methane oxidation and aerobic waste degradation. In this study, a numerical model is developed considering reactions to simulate the changes in methane, oxygen, and carbon dioxide concentrations in landfills during air injection and extraction. Parameter sensitivity analyses are conducted to evaluate the effects of permeability, dispersion coefficient, maximum methane oxidation rate, and oxygen consumption rate on simulation results. Results show that the model is sensitive to oxygen consumption rate. Overall, the application of this model in aerobic landfills provides a practical method to predict gas concentration variation. This model can be used in the optimal design of in situ aeration system.