bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telemonitoring Padatan Terlarut pada Filtrasi Air Limbah Laundry Menggunakan Sensor TDS dan Sensor pH untuk Media Budidaya Tanaman Hidroponik Berbasis Mikrokontroler
Authors: Luqyana Nadhea Lulu , Arinie Farida , Muzzakhim Azam
Published: June 2021

Pada Penelitian ini dirancang alat untuk telemonitoring padatan terlarut pada filtrasi air limbah laundry yang digunakan sebagai media tanam hidroponik, sensor pH, dan sensor TDS untuk mengukur dan mendapatkan data padatan  terlarut  yang mempengaruhi proses pertumbuhan tanaman, kemudian data-data tersebut akan diproses oleh mikrokontroler Arduino Nano sehingga mendapatkan hasil akhir yang akan disimpan pada database dan dikirimkan secara wireless melalui Wemos D1 sehingga dapat ditampilkan dalam aplikasi android. Penelitian yang sudah dilakukan, didapatkan hasil nilai pengukuran padatan terlarut air limbah laundry sebelum difiltrasi untuk nilai Ph sebesar  6,63 dan kepekatan larutan sebesar 250 ppm. Setelah dilakukan filtrasi sebanyak dua kali didapatkan hasil padatan terlarut untuk Ph yaitu 6,32 dan TDS sebesar 1276 ppm. Berdasarkan penelitian ini hasil telemonitoring rata-rata padatan terlarut air filtrasi limbah laundry setelah digunakan sebagai media tanam hidroponik dengan nilai PH sebesar 6,86 dan  TDS sebesar 681 ppm. Karena nilai padatan terlarut media tanam tidak sesuai dengan standar minimum pemanfaatan bidang pertanian hidroponik (PH=6,5;kepekatan larutan=850 ppm), sehingga dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan filtrasi air limbah laundry menyebabkan tanaman tumbuh lambat dan tidak normal (kerdil).
Absensi Dosen pada Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar dengan Menggunakan QR Code Di Gedung AH Prodi JTD Politeknik Negeri Malang
Authors: Gutama Debby , Junus Mochammad , Mas’udia Putri Elfa
Published: June 2021

Dunia pendidikan saat ini menuntut tingkat kedisiplinan yang teratur dan terjadwal yang lebih baik agar proses belajar mengajar dapat berlangsung sesuai dengan jadwal yang sudah ditentukan. Tetapi kebanyakan pihak pendidikan masih mengalami kendala untuk menuntut hal tersebut dikarenakan kegiatan absensi yang masih manual dan kurang teratur dalam monitoringnya.Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk membantu dosen dalam melakukan absensi kelas harian dengan memanfaatkan QR Code sebagai pembeda, yang mempermudah karena menggunakan smartphone dari masing-masing dosen.Pada penelitian ini dibuat sebuah aplikasi absensi dosen dengan menggunakan QR-Code dimana dosen dapat melakukan absensi dengan menggunakan kamera smartphone untuk scanning QR-Code yang telah disediakan di setiap ruang kelas.Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap aplikasi yang dibuat, didapatkan hasil bahwa aplikasi berjalan dengan lancar pada beberapa versi android dan merk smartphone namun pada android versi 6.0 terdapat kekurangan pada tampilannya dan saat scanning QRCode memerlukan waktu. Saat pengujian QoS nilai delay tertinggi yaitu pada Gedung AH Lantai 2 dengan nilai 120,1695 yang berarti bagus dan rata-rata packet loss yaitu 8%, sedangkan untuk throughput tertinggi pada Gedung AH lantai 2 dengan nilai rata-rata 7,598487 yang berarti kecepatan jaringan bagus.
Perancangan Sistem Kendali pada Periode Waktu untuk Lansia Menggunakan Sepeda Statis
Authors: Hanun Nabilah , Soelistyanto Farida Arinie , Saptono Rachmad
Published: June 2021

Lansia yang rata – rata menghabiskan waktunya didalam rumah juga membutuhkan olahraga cukup, sehingga dibutuhkan sepeda statis yang dapat menampilkan data detak jantung dan suhu tubuh saat berolahraga, sehingga dapat dilakukan pengambilan tindakan selanjutnya setelah mengetahui hasil pengukuran. Pada sepeda statis sudah terpasang sensor Heart Rate, sensor suhu DS18B20, dan sensor Infrared FC-51 sebagai pendeteksi jumlah putaran dan kecepatan roda. Saat lansia mulai bersepeda dengan durasi yang sudah dipilih dan sensor photodioda mendeteksi adanya putaran maka sensor Heart Rate dan sensor DS18B20 akan dapat menampilkan data detak jantung dan suhu tubuh. Data dari sensor selama bersepeda dikirimkan secara wireless melalui NodeMCU sehingga dapat ditampilkan dalam aplikasi android hingga waktu habis dan alarm akan berbunyi, dari data yang diperoleh dapat dihasilkan diagnosis normal atau tidak normal nilai detak jantung dan suhu tubuh. Selain itu juga dapat diketahui kualitas suhu tubuh dan detak jantung berdasarkan jumlah putaran dan kecepatan roda. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penentuan diagnosis normal pada lansia saat suhu tubuh berkisar pada 35°C - 38°C dan detak jantung dapat dihitung dengan rumus yaitu 220 dikurangi usia. Selama proses pengiriman data diperoleh rata – rata troughput dari 9 kali pengujian sebesar 6,153 Kb/s dengan dengan delay minimal sebesar 28,590 ms dan maximal 88,078 ms.
Design and Implementation of Android Applications as Mobile Payment Gateway Services in the Sistem Online Payment Point (SOPP) of PDAM Malang Regency
Authors: Maulidina Grifito yuan
Published: June 2021

The development of online payment systems such as the online payment point system has greatly assisted the public in processing monthly transactions such as water bills. However, in its application, this system still uses large devices such as computers and inkjet printers so that the operation takes a long time and is less efficient. Therefore, in this study, a mobile application is designed to replace the role of computers in making water bill payment transactions in the online payment point system (SOPP) of PDAM Malang Regency. The application that is connected to a database server via the internet is also integrated with a compact wireless thermal printer that can be carried anywhere and does not require ink refills so that it can speed up the transaction process and be more efficient in time, paper and space. The research method used was experimental and survey methods. The experimental method is used to test the running of the application, test the application's compatibility with the device and measure the time it takes for the application to exchange data. The survey method is used to test user satisfaction with the application.
Design of an Android-Based Tropical Disease Diagnosis Expert System Design Using a Combined Method of Forward Chanining and Backward Chaining
Authors: Hidayah Muhammad Fahmi
Published: June 2021

A doctor or medical scholar needs a reference book to learn how to diagnose tropical diseases. This reference book is sometimes a hassle if you have to carry it everywhere. This reference book is also impractical if you have to search it first to find the symptoms and diseases you want to study. So that we need a system to make it easier for doctors and medical scholars to study the science of diagnosis and look for symptoms and diseases. Expert systems are knowledge-based programs that provide expert quality solutions to problems in a specific domain. This expert system is used in the fields of medicine, agriculture, business, and others. Expert systems in the field of medicine make it easy to identify diseases suffered by patients through the symptoms present in the patient. This expert system helps doctors make diagnoses to convince doctors about the results of the diagnosis. The expert system in this study uses a combined method. The combined method is forward chaining and backward chaining. The forward chaining method is used to determine specific symptoms that appear, while the backward chaining method is used to trace general symptoms that arise from specific symptoms that have been previously selected. The result of combining these methods provides a diagnostic percentage of 100%. Meanwhile, the user's assessment of the system gives a good response.
Yagi Antenna Design and Analysis 11 Folded Dipole Feeding Elements for VoIP Networks
Authors: Himawan Fandy
Published: June 2021

The problem that often occurs in VOIP networks using wireless media is the weak signal received and transmitted by the transceiver device at a long distance from the wireless router, so that the quality of VOIP service is often disconnected. The purpose of this research is to design and realize an 11 element yagi antenna with folded feed elements. dipole as an antenna for a transceiver device whose gain is better than a built-in antenna, so that it can support VOIP services. Yagi antenna is an antenna consisting of 3 elements, namely a reflector element, a driven element and a director element. The reflector element and the director element cause the yagi antenna to be directional so that a large gain is obtained from a certain point, while the driven one is used is a folded dipole antenna which has an impedance of 300 ohms so that the matching technique to the 50 ohm transmission line becomes easier. Ghz is less than 1.5 and RL is less than -14 dB. The bandwidth obtained is 620 MHz, the gain is 16.08 dBi with directional radiation and linear polarization. In implementation, the VOIP service is stable at a distance of 50 m using a yagi antenna, compared to the less stable built-in antenna.
Comparison Simulator Data Rate Modulation QPSK and 16 QAM System WCDMA (Wide Code Division Multiple Access) and HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access)
Authors: W Herdianna Kusuma
Published: June 2021

HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) is the upgrade performance data packets extraordinary against WCDMA thus producing top speed 14,4 Mbps. One of the goals the creation of HSDPA is as an improvement over previous technologies. The expected improvement of HSDPA technology increasing the data rate is capable of exceeding data rate in order to WCDMA customer satisfaction in accessing multimedia content such as streaming video and data at high speed. Data Rate is the maximum data rate that can be accepted by the UE (User Equipment) in ideal conditions. One of the factors that affect the data rate is modulation scheme used by each of the technologies. QPSK modulation is used in WCDMA system and adaptive modulation (QPSK and 16QAM) is used in HSDPA system.In the research the results obtained by selection of symbol rate of 480 kbps bit rate will yield 960 kbps while the selection symbol rate is 960 kbps will produce 1920 kbps bit rate using modulation QPSK modulation. As for 16QAM modulation, symbol rate of 480 kbps produces 1920 kbps and symbol rate is 960 kbps bit rate produces 3840 kbps. Of the trial results, the more number of bits sent then the higher data rate that can be accepted by the UE (user equipment).
Software-Based Analysis of Multi User Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Authors: Putri Widya Catur Kristanti
Published: June 2021

The application of OFDM technology is still not fully implemented in the Telecommunication Study Program at State Polytechnic of Malang. This is because the application of this technology is applied to hardware. However, this can be overcome by simulating the OFDM technology through software. From the application of the system into the program by entering the predetermined parameters, the BER value can be compared to the predetermined parameters. Bit error that appears in the application of the OFDM Multi user system for bit error in BPSK Modulation with AWGN and Rayleigh Fading channels appears bit error respectively with an average of 9 bits and 14 bits at 11 dB SNR. Whereas in the QPSK modulation with AWGN and Rayleigh Fading channels, each bit error appears with an average of 13 bits and 18 bits on the SNR of 14 dB. Furthermore, in the calculation of bandwidth efficiency in the frequency allocation of 20 MHz for BPSK modulation, three values ??of bandwidth efficiency are obtained, among others, 1 bps / Hz in theory for practical, namely the code rate ½ is 0.3 bps / Hz and the code rate ¾ is 0.45 bps / Hz. While the QPSK modulation also obtained three values ??of bandwidth efficiency, namely, 2 bps / Hz in theory for practical, namely the code rate ½ is 0.6 bps / Hz and the code rate ¾ is 0.9 bps / Hz.
Practicum Module Design and Comparative Analysis of Codecs for VoIP
Authors: Pratama Aditya
Published: June 2021

Several types of codecs in VoIP are G.711, iLBC, GSM and Speex. This study aims to compare the quality of calls through different codecs and design a VoIP practicum module for students. The research method was carried out by conducting literature studies, planning network design, device configuration, determining QoS parameters and testing VoIP calls to determine the quality of VoIP calls through different codecs. From the analysis, it is found that G.711 is an audio codec with very good QoS parameters, namely a delay of 5.28 ms; jitter 5.12 ms; 347.04 kbps throughput, 0% packet loss, and 64 kbps bandwidth. while for audio codec with good enough parameters, namely GSM with a delay of 42.02 ms; jitter 19.46 ms; 39.18 kbps throughput, 0% packet loss and 13kbps bandwidth. In addition to data testing, non-technical testing was carried out on 16 respondents with pre-test, post-test and questionnaire testing. From the pre-test, respondents got an average score of 45, while in the post-test it increased to 70.
Evaluation of Base Station Efficiency Using Test Drives on Single-Band and Multi-Band Antennas
Authors: Shaleh Adith Ismail
Published: June 2021

Telecommunications support equipment and systems play a vital role in the network. Multi-band sectoral antennas are starting to replace single-band sectoral antennas at several base stations. The use of a single-band antenna that requires many antennas at the base station is not practical. The following research is conducting tests to evaluate the coverage area, rx signal level and network throughput produced by a multi-band sectoral antenna. Comparison of coverage area calculation using the walfisch-ikegami method. Testing the coverage area with the rx signal level utilizes a drive test so that the optimization of the success of the multi-band antenna is paired to obtain data to support decision making and determine the efficiency of the device in urban areas. From the test results of these 3 factors, the network efficiency generated by multi-band sectoral antennas and single-band sectoral antennas on the antenna coverage area shows that the results of single-band antennas are further than multi-band antennas. Meanwhile, on the signal side that is measured in the drive test process, the 2G network produced by the multi band antenna is better, for the 3G network the single band antenna is better. The 3G network throughput measurement data shows that the uplink access speed results are not good, because the good throughput value is only 42.54%. Measurements on the downlink side are also in poor condition, because the good throughput value is 38.57%.
Utilization of GPS System (Global Positioning System) in Automatic Announcer for Train Stops and Speed Monitoring
Authors: Rahmatputra Muhammad Abi
Published: June 2021

Trains are one of the most popular public transportations for consumers in Indonesia when they travel. For the service of providing information on the announcement of the next station stop, it has begun to be implemented in almost all train journeys, but in terms of delivery it is still manually using loudspeakers with sound system devices. This system uses a tablet with Android OS as the main control. The communication system utilizes the GPS system when the tracking process with additional data access is more accurate. For the input data, namely the voice recording data of the announcer for each station to be visited and the parameter data of the coordinate points before entering the stopping station. The system created will track the train route and issue an announcer sound on the sound system and the speed feature will be displayed in real time on this application. From the test results 10 times the implementation on the announcer train has sounded automatically according to the plan range area of ??± 2 km before entering the station. For data records, the highest delay time for data reception is 3 seconds. In the average difference from the calculation of the sample data record distance with the Euclidean theorem is 19 meters while the Haversine theorem is 22 meters.
Design and Build Reporting Acceptance Test Procedure (ATP) for Web-Based BTS Installation
Authors: Maharastri Yanna
Published: June 2021

The general purpose of making an ATP (Acceptance Test Procedure) report is to test whether the system that has been worked on is in accordance with the function specifications (validation). The ATP report used by an agency is infrastructure, equipment installation, etc. The manufacture of ATP for BTS installation on telecommunication subcons is manual which can reduce a lot of work time and data discrepancies. Therefore, a web-based ATP report system was designed to be able to perform reports with proper coordinate validation prior to installation and can also save work time. The web-based ATP report can match the important points of BTS installation. System planning starts from data collection and analysis to be used as a web-based report. Data transmission will be accommodated on the server and will be stored in the data base using My SQL. After the design is complete, it can be seen that with the analysis stage of the system design and system design using Data Flow Diagrams (DFD), input output design, responses from each each user with the function of each form content. for user engineers there are 97.2% agree from some menu functions, for user documentation there are 97.5% agree with the system, for user owners there are 91.65% agree and also QoS (Quality Of Service) testing is carried out for several cellular operators namely Im3 ooredoo , XL, Telkomsel and also the Polynema wifi network.
Design and Implementation of Video Conference Protocols on Families of Prisoners in Prisons Using Smartphones
Authors: Nazilah Desy Damasari
Published: June 2021

The development of communication technology today has had a major impact and changes to the processdelivery of information. Video Conference is a method of conveying information which is quite attractive for distance communication far. In this study, the application of the video conference application is used as a prototype to support the facility in the Correctional Institution. The tools and materials used in the research include web servers, users(Android), Raspberry Pi, webcam, and monitor. The software application used in the research, namely,Dreamweaver is used for web design, webRTC for video conferencing protocol and Wireshark forcapture network traffic during videoconverence access, so that it can be known QOS parameters (delay, throughput, and packet loss) are generated. Based on the tests that were carried out during the video conference process, the results were obtainedcapture from several application protocols that support video conferencing, namely TCP, UDP, and STUN. . PackageThe best loss is the TCP protocol, which is 0%, the best delay is the UDP protocol with an average delay27.06 ms, the best throughput is obtained on the STUN protocol with an average throughput of 5.273 Mbit / s
Design and Build a Laser Shooting Training System Monitored Using a Smartphone
Authors: Sasmito Widyo
Published: June 2021

Shooting drills were carried out with very limited ammunition support. This is easy to understand because shooting drills are expensive and have a very high safety risk. Therefore, in order for shooting practice to be optimal, safe, inexpensive and can be carried out at any time, it is necessary to immediately realize shooting practice by utilizing advances in science and technology (lasers). The aim of this research is to develop a shooting training system with laser firing to save bullets during shooting practice and to make it easier for shooters and judges to monitor the results of shooting accuracy via the web or smartphone. The system itself consists of a laser and light sensor which is interfacured with a microcontroller and wifi shield as data transmission.
Design of Automatic Dryer for Smartphone Controlled Seaweed Production
Authors: Lusidah Meriyatul
Published: June 2021

In the majority of the seaweed drying process is still using the traditional method by drying it in the sun on a waring. Based on these problems, it is necessary to have a combination of energy in the drying process of seaweed so that drying of the seaweed can be more efficient and save time. The results of designing and testing the tool as a whole can run and the sensor can detect the value of temperature and humidity. The android application can run and activate the dryer system and turn off automatically when it reaches a humidity below <28%. Conclusion in testing the accuracy of the DHT22 sensor with a hygrometer measuring instrument, the average temperature value during the day is 30,365 ° C hotter than the nighttime temperature of 27.75 ° C. The average value of humidity at night is 66.35% cooler than the humidity at daytime of 60.45%. So it can be concluded that the temperature during the day is hotter than the temperature at night. And the humidity at night is cooler than during the day. For the delay is higher at 18:00 at night using the Indosat operator, which is 1.0545ms than the Axis operator, which is 1.0185ms. Meanwhile, throughput is greater at 12:00 noon when using the Axis operator, which is 7,497 Kbit / Sec than the Indosat operator, which is 1.7245Kbit / Sec.
Implementation of Network Security with the Whitelist Method on the Server of the Department of Electrical Engineering at State Polytechnic of Malang
Authors: Pratama Januar Ariq
Published: June 2021

State Polytechnic of Malang is an educational institution based on technique where the database is needed here, the database itself is important data that must be stored and cannot be seen by others. Database security must be developed and prioritized so that no one breaks into important data on the server. This whitelist method utilizes a port that can block port access to outside networks that are vulnerable to criminal acts, this method uses ssh as a medium to manage control of an ip address. The ip address will be added a port behind it. Use IP block with Linux OS and tested via the web and laptop using a local access point. The test results show that the quality used for security is whitelist, where this method is used for the IP security used. IP block and unblock process can be done well. The process of adding and deleting ports can be done well. So that in general, the whole system is running well and easy access.
Design and Development of Monitoring System for Jamu Chili Plants against the Mechanism of the Growing Environment on the Web
Authors: Vardani Aulian , Arinie Farida
Published: June 2021

Jamu chili or Javanese chili (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) Is a medicinal plant that has been used since ancient times as an ingredient in cooking, drinks and traditional medicine, such as to treat low blood pressure, colds, impotence as well as to clean the uterus after childbirth. . Besides herbal chilies as medicinal plants, the price of herbal chilies is expensive and their production is utilized domestically and exported to, among others, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia and India. Herbal chilli plantations are spread across all districts, especially in Madura Island, namely in Sumenep District 1,709 ha, Sampang 1,017 ha, Pamekasan 715 ha and Bangkalan 356 ha. In Lamongan Regency, there is an area of ??276 ha. The area of ??herbal chilies in Lampung Province is 630 ha. However, despite the many benefits and have been exported abroad, the herbal chili plants have not been well controlled by the farmers, which causes the herbal chili plants to die before they bear fruit. In this research, a web-based monitoring system design will be made based on the level of soil acidity and soil moisture. The sensor for soil acidity uses a pH meter and for soil moisture uses a soil moisture sensor. Data will be stored in the database and displayed on the web. Soil acidity and soil moisture data will be sent via the internet to the database.
Automatic Control System for Swallow's Nest Cultivation Using the Internet of Things
Authors: Zamahuri Ahmad
Published: June 2021

In swallow nest cultivation, swallow breeders still have difficulty in tropical climates, one of which is maintaining the temperature and humidity in the swallow nest room to be stable and to know the value of swallow population. When the temperature is hot, the swallow room will become dry which impacts on the nest is damaged and the swallow is not comfortable living there. Therefore, a system that can be easily managed by swallow farmers is made so it can help reduce hot temperature and lack of humidity in the swallow nest room by using a sprayer that works automatically. In this system, there are temperature and humidity detection module which functions to detect the temperature valueand humidity when the room is hot / dry, the detected value will be processed by the microcontroller so that it gives an active sprayer command if the room temperature is hot, while the swallow detection module that uses infrared sends the movement value if there is a moving object. The value of the system will be sent to a cloud database which will be conveyed via the farmer wallet smartphone application. The accuracy level of the infrared detector sensor module and the air humidity sensor is very good, so that it can control the temperature conditions in the swallow room which is 27 degrees C and a stable humidity at a value of 80%. The stability of temperature and humidity produces swallow nests which have high selling value.
Percepção de alunos/as sobre gênero no Ensino de História: polí­ticas públicas de formação docente e educação básica
Authors: Ribeiro Suzana Lopes Salgado , Siqueira Renato Nunes , Abdala Rachel Duarte
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar e avaliar a experiência do desenvolvimento de um projeto educativo que abordou as questões das diferenças, em especial as de gênero durante aulas do componente curricular de História, de um 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental. O projeto foi desdobramento da participação de seus componentes em ações de polí­ticas públicas de formação de professores/as como o curso Gênero e Diversidade na Escola GDE-UFABC e o Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência, Pibid-Unitau. Os procedimentos compreendem a análise de conteúdo documental, de imagens produzidas e questionários respondidos pelos/as alunos/as de uma escola da rede municipal de Taubaté. Consideramos positivos os resultados alcançados e entendemos que isso se relaciona ao fato de o projeto ter sido gestado a partir das demandas diagnosticadas na realidade escolar e no diálogo aberto e democrático – a possibilidade de falar e ser ouvido – travado ao longo do desenvolvimento das atividades.
Using Zebrafish to Elucidate Glial-Vascular Interactions During CNS Development
Authors: Umans Robyn A. , Pollock Carolyn , Mills William A. , Clark Kareem C. , Pan Y. Albert , Sontheimer Harald
Published: June 2021

An emerging area of interest in Neuroscience is the cellular relationship between glia and blood vessels, as many of the presumptive support roles of glia require an association with the vasculature. These interactions are best studied in vivo and great strides have been made using mice to longitudinally image glial-vascular interactions. However, these methods are cumbersome for developmental studies, which could benefit from a more accessible system. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are genetically tractable vertebrates, and given their translucency, are readily amenable for daily live imaging studies. We set out to examine whether zebrafish glia have conserved traits with mammalian glia regarding their ability to interact with and maintain the developing brain vasculature. We utilized transgenic zebrafish strains in which oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (olig2) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) identify different glial populations in the zebrafish brain and document their corresponding relationship with brain blood vessels. Our results demonstrate that olig2+ and gfap+ zebrafish glia have distinct lineages and each interact with brain vessels as previously observed in mouse brain. Additionally, we manipulated these relationships through pharmacological and genetic approaches to distinguish the roles of these cell types during blood vessel development. olig2+ glia use blood vessels as a pathway during their migration and Wnt signaling inhibition decreases their single-cell vessel co-option. By contrast, the ablation of gfap+ glia at the beginning of CNS angiogenesis impairs vessel development through a reduction in Vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), supporting a role for gfap+ glia during new brain vessel formation in zebrafish. This data suggests that zebrafish glia, akin to mammalian glia, have different lineages that show diverse interactions with blood vessels, and are a suitable model for elucidating glial-vascular relationships during vertebrate brain development.
LncRNA TCONS_00023297 Regulates the Balance of Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Coupling Process of Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis
Authors: Wang Haitao , Wei Peng , Zhang Yi , Li Yuebai , Yin Li
Published: June 2021

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a noncoding RNA with a length of more than 200 bases. It plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases. Research on lncRNAs has received increasing attention. Bone is an important organ of the human body. As the population ages, the incidence of osteoporosis gradually increases. The mechanism of action of lncRNAs in the development of osteoporosis is unclear. The imbalance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and the coupling process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis plays an important role in the development of osteoporosis. Therefore, this study focused on the mechanism by which lncRNAs regulate the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the mechanism of action of lncRNAs in bone metabolism. The expression of lncRNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs was detected by lncRNA microarray. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression changes of lncRNA and osteogenic genes during hBMSC osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The ceRNA mechanisms were detected by RIP and luciferase reporter gene assays. The effect of lncRNAs on the osteogenesis–angiogenesis coupling process was detected by Transwell assays. TCONS_00023297 increased expression during osteogenic differentiation; TCONS_00023297 overexpression promoted osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs; BMP2 regulated TCONS_00023297 expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner; TCONS_00023297 regulated miR-608 via a ceRNA mechanism; TCONS_00023297 inhibited hBMSC adipogenic differentiation; and TCONS_00023297 promoted VEGF secretion by hBMSCs. TCONS_00023297 regulates osteogenic differentiation, adipogenic differentiation, and osteogenic–angiogenic coupling of hBMSCs via the TCONS_00023297/miR-608/RUNX2/SHH signaling axis.
Interactions and Feedbacks in E-Cadherin Transcriptional Regulation
Authors: Ramirez Moreno Miguel , Stempor Przemyslaw A. , Bulgakova Natalia A.
Published: June 2021

Epithelial tissues rely on the adhesion between participating cells to retain their integrity. The transmembrane protein E-cadherin is the major protein that mediates homophilic adhesion between neighbouring cells and is, therefore, one of the critical components for epithelial integrity. E-cadherin downregulation has been described extensively as a prerequisite for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and is a hallmark in many types of cancer. Due to this clinical importance, research has been mostly focused on understanding the mechanisms leading to transcriptional repression of this adhesion molecule. However, in recent years it has become apparent that re-expression of E-cadherin is a major step in the progression of many cancers during metastasis. Here, we review the currently known molecular mechanisms of E-cadherin transcriptional activation and inhibition and highlight complex interactions between individual mechanisms. We then propose an additional mechanism, whereby the competition between adhesion complexes and heterochromatin protein-1 for binding to STAT92E fine-tunes the levels of E-cadherin expression inDrosophilabut also regulates other genes promoting epithelial robustness. We base our hypothesis on both existing literature and our experimental evidence and suggest that such feedback between the cell surface and the nucleus presents a powerful paradigm for epithelial resilience.
Cyclic Dipeptides Formation From Linear Dipeptides Under Potentially Prebiotic Earth Conditions
Authors: Guo Yeting , Ying Jianxi , Sun Dongru , Zhang Yumeng , Zheng Minyang , Ding Ruiwen , Liu Yan , Zhao Yufen
Published: June 2021

Cyclic dipeptides (DKPs) are peptide precursors and chiral catalysts in the prebiotic process. This study reports proline-containing DKPs that were spontaneously obtained from linear dipeptides under an aqueous solution. Significantly, the yields of DKPs were affected by the sequence of linear dipeptides and whether the reaction contains trimetaphosphate. These findings provide the possibility that DKPs might play a key role in the origin of life.
The Host Protein Aquaporin-9 is Required for Efficient Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoite Entry into Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Amanzougaghene Nadia , Tajeri Shahin , Yalaoui Samir , Lorthiois Audrey , Soulard Valérie , Gego Audrey , Rametti Armelle , Risco-Castillo Véronica , Moreno Alicia , Tefit Maurel , van Gemert Geert-Jan , Sauerwein Robert W. , Vaillant Jean-Christophe , Ravassard Philippe , Pérignon Jean-Louis , Froissard Patrick , Mazier Dominique , Franetich Jean-François
Published: June 2021

Hepatocyte invasion byPlasmodiumsporozoites represents a promising target for innovative antimalarial therapy, but the molecular events mediating this process are still largely uncharacterized. We previously showed thatPlasmodium falciparumsporozoite entry into hepatocytes strictly requires CD81. However, CD81-overexpressing human hepatoma cells remain refractory toP. falciparuminfection, suggesting the existence of additional host factors necessary for sporozoite entry. Here, through differential transcriptomic analysis of human hepatocytes and hepatoma HepG2-CD81 cells, the transmembrane protein Aquaporin-9 (AQP9) was found to be among the most downregulated genes in hepatoma cells. RNA silencing showed that sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes requires AQP9 expression. AQP9 overexpression in hepatocytes increased their permissiveness toP. falciparum. Moreover, chemical disruption with the AQP9 inhibitor phloretin markedly inhibited hepatocyte infection. Our findings identify AQP9 as a novel host factor required forP. falciparumsporozoite hepatocyte-entry and indicate that AQP9 could be a potential therapeutic target.
Digital Rock Physics: A Geological Driven Workflow for the Segmentation of Anisotropic Ruhr Sandstone
Authors: Balcewicz Martin , Siegert Mirko , Gurris Marcel , Ruf Matthias , Krach David , Steeb Holger , Saenger Erik H.
Published: June 2021

Over the last 3 decades, Digital Rock Physics (DRP) has become a complementary part of the characterization of reservoir rocks due to the non-destructive testing character of this technique. The use of high-resolution X-ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) has become widely accepted to create a digital twin of the material under investigation. Compared to other imaging techniques, XRCT technology allows a location-dependent resolution of the individual material particles in volume. However, there are still challenges in assigning physical properties to a particular voxel within the digital twin, due to standard histogram analysis or sub-resolution features in the rock. For this reason, high-resolution image-based data from XRCT, transmitted-light microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) as well as geological input properties like geological diagenesis, mineralogical composition, sample’s microfabrics, and estimated sample’s porosity are combined to obtain an optimal spatial segmented image of the studied Ruhr sandstone. Based on a homogeneity test, which corresponds to the evaluation of the gray-scale image histogram, the preferred scan sample sizes in terms of permeability, thermal, and effective elastic rock properties are determined. In addition, these numerically derived property predictions are compared with laboratory measurements to obtain possible upper limits for sample size, segmentation accuracy, and a geometrically calibrated digital twin of the Ruhr sandstone. The comparison corresponding gray-scale image histograms as a function of sample sizes with the corresponding advanced numerical simulations provides a unique workflow for reservoir characterization of the Ruhr sandstone.
Adipose Tissue Epigenetic Profile in Obesity-Related Dysglycemia - A Systematic Review
Authors: Andrade Sara , Morais Tiago , Sandovici Ionel , Seabra Alexandre L. , Constância Miguel , Monteiro Mariana P.
Published: June 2021

Background

Obesity is a major risk factor for dysglycemic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is wide phenotypic variation in metabolic profiles. Tissue-specific epigenetic modifications could be partially accountable for the observed phenotypic variability.

Scope

The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available data on epigenetic signatures in human adipose tissue (AT) that characterize overweight or obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) and dysglycemia states and to identify potential underlying mechanisms through the use of unbiased bioinformatics approaches.

Methods

Original data published in the last decade concerning the comparison of epigenetic marks in human AT of individuals with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUHO) versus normal weight individuals or individuals with metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) was assessed. Furthermore, association of these epigenetic marks with IR/dysglycemic traits, including T2D, was compiled.

Results

We catalogued more than two thousand differentially methylated regions (DMRs; above the cut-off of 5%) in the AT of individuals with MUHO compared to individuals with MHO. These DNA methylation changes were less likely to occur around the promoter regions and were enriched at loci implicated in intracellular signaling (signal transduction mediated by small GTPases, ERK1/2 signaling and intracellular trafficking). We also identified a network of seven transcription factors that may play an important role in targeting DNA methylation changes to specific genes in the AT of subjects with MUHO, contributing to the pathogeny of obesity-related IR/T2D. Furthermore, we found differentially methylated CpG sites at 8 genes that were present in AT and whole blood, suggesting that DMRs in whole blood could be potentially used as accessible biomarkers of MUHO.

Conclusions

The overall evidence linking epigenetic alterations in key tissues such AT to metabolic complications in human obesity is still very limited, highlighting the need for further studies, particularly those focusing on epigenetic marks other than DNA methylation. Our initial analysis suggests that DNA methylation patterns can potentially discriminate between MUHO from MHO and provide new clues into why some people with obesity are less susceptible to dysglycemia. Identifying AT-specific epigenetic targets could also lead to novel approaches to modify the progression of individuals with obesity towards metabolic disease.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021227237.
Epigenetic Changes in Neonates Born to Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus May Be Associated With Neonatal Hypoglycaemia
Authors: Kasuga Yoshifumi , Kawai Tomoko , Miyakoshi Kei , Saisho Yoshifumi , Tamagawa Masumi , Hasegawa Keita , Ikenoue Satoru , Ochiai Daigo , Hida Mariko , Tanaka Mamoru , Hata Kenichiro
Published: June 2021

The detection of epigenetic changes associated with neonatal hypoglycaemia may reveal the pathophysiology and predict the onset of future diseases in offspring. We hypothesized that neonatal hypoglycaemia reflects the in utero environment associated with maternal gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to identify epigenetic changes associated with neonatal hypoglycaemia. The association between DNA methylation using Infinium HumanMethylation EPIC BeadChip and neonatal plasma glucose (PG) level at 1 h after birth in 128 offspring born at term to mothers with well-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus was investigated by robust linear regression analysis. Cord blood DNA methylation at 12 CpG sites was significantly associated with PG at 1 h after birth after adding infant sex, delivery method, gestational day, and blood cell compositions as covariates to the regression model. DNA methylation at two CpG sites near an alternative transcription start site of ZNF696 was significantly associated with the PG level at 1 h following birth (false discovery rate-adjusted P < 0.05). Methylation levels at these sites increased as neonatal PG levels at 1 h after birth decreased. In conclusion, gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with DNA methylation changes at the alternative transcription start site of ZNF696 in cord blood cells. This is the first report of DNA methylation changes associated with neonatal PG at 1 h after birth.
Synthesis of Sustainable Carbon Negative Eco-Industrial Parks
Authors: Abraham Elizabeth J. , Ramadan Farah , Al-Mohannadi Dhabia M.
Published: June 2021

Growing climate change concerns in recent years have led to an increased need for carbon dioxide emission reduction. This can be achieved by implementing the concept of circular economy, which promotes the practice of resource conservation, emission minimization, and the maintenance of sustainable revenue streams. A considerable amount of carbon dioxide emissions is a consequence of stationary sources from industrial processes. These emissions can be reduced using carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) or reduced at source by using emission free renewable resources. The method developed within this work uses mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to design sustainable clusters that convert seawater (including waste brine), air, and waste carbon dioxide emissions to value-added products with sunlight as the main energy source. In this way, circular economy is employed to minimize fresh resource consumption and maximize material reuse. The potential of this work is demonstrated through a case study, which shows that an industrial park may be profitable while adhering to strict emission and material constraints.
Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Mercury in Sediments From Taihu Lake
Authors: Su Hailei , Shi Di , Yang Jiwei , Tao Yanru , Sun Fuhong , Wei Yuan
Published: June 2021

Persistent pollutants are easily accumulated in sediments, which can cause toxicity to benthos and secondary pollution to water. Mercury (Hg), as one kind of bioaccumulative and persistent pollutant, could cause great harm to water ecology and health, and has been widely concerned. The distribution characteristics and ecological risk of Hg in sediments from Taihu Lake were studied. In addition, the sediment quality criterion (SQC) of Hg was derived using tissue-based toxicity data combined with the phase-equilibrium partitioning (EqP) approach, and the ecological risk level of Hg in Taihu Lake sediment was evaluated. The results showed that Hg was detected in all the 30 sediment samples, and the concentrations of Hg ranged from 9.7 ng/g to 237.0 ng/g, with an average of 76.3 ng/g. The SQC of Hg was calculated to be 108.9 ng/g, and the ecological risk of Hg in the sediments of Taihu Lake is in the middle level, indicating that Hg pollution needs to be paid more attention. The results provide support for environmental management and risk assessment of Hg.
Circadian and Seasonal Patterns of Body Temperature in Arctic Migratory and Temperate Non-migratory Geese
Authors: Eichhorn Götz , Boom Michiel P. , van der Jeugd Henk P. , Mulder Amerins , Wikelski Martin , Maloney Shane K. , Goh Grace H.
Published: June 2021

Arctic migration presents unique challenges to circadian physiology. In addition to the metabolic cost of maintaining a relatively high body temperature (Tb) above ambient temperature, migratory birds are also exposed to rapidly changing light conditions as they transition between light-dark cycles and a 24-hour polar day. A previous study suggested that Arctic-migratory barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) may utilise adaptive heterothermy (i.e., a controlled decrease in core Tb) during and around the autumn migratory period in order to minimise the metabolic cost of migration, but the impact of seasonally changing daylight conditions on other parameters of the circadian profile of Tb in these geese remained obscure. Here, we provide a detailed comparative analysis on the circadian rhythm of Tb and its seasonal development in free-living barnacle geese from three study populations that differ in their migratory behaviour and in the environments they occupy. We recorded abdominal Tb in non-migratory geese from a temperate breeding colony in Netherlands and in migratory geese from a colony in the Russian low Arctic, and analysed these data together with previously published Tb data on geese from a migratory colony in the high Arctic of Svalbard. We found that the circadian Tb profile in the barnacle goose was well aligned with the daily and seasonally changing daylight conditions. In the migratory populations, a fast re-entrainment of the rhythm and its phase was observed whenzeitgeberconditions changed during migratory movements. The circadian rhythmicity of Tb was lost once the geese encountered permanent daylight at their northern staging and breeding sites. Circadian Tb rhythmicity was re-established when the period of permanent daylight ended, at rates corresponding to rates of seasonal changes in daylength in the high and low Arctic. Although our data corroborated findings of a decrease in daily mean Tb before autumn migration in both migratory populations in this study, the pre-migratory decrease in Tb was less drastic than previously reported. Moreover, in contrast to previous study, the decrease in Tb stopped at the onset of migration. Overall, our data reveal no evidence that heterothermy in the barnacle goose is functionally linked to migration.