bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal implications of automated suspicious transaction monitoring: enhancing integrity of AI
Authors: Turksen Umut , Benson Vladlena , Adamyk Bogdan
Published: February 2024

The fast-paced advances of technology, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), continue to create new opportunities for banks and other financial institutions. This study reveals the barriers to trust in AI by prudential banking supervisors (compliance with regulations). We conducted a qualitative study on the drivers for adoption of explainability technologies that increase transparency and understanding of complex algorithms (some of the underpinning legal principles in the proposed EU AI Act). By using human-centred and ethics-by-design methods coupled with interviews of the key stakeholders from Eastern European private and public banks and IT AI/ML developers, this research has identified the key challenges concerning the employment of AI algorithms. The results indicate a conflicting view of AI barriers whilst revealing the importance of AI/ML systems in banks, the growing willingness of banks to use such systems more widely, and the problematic aspects of implementing AI/ML systems related to their cost and economic efficiency. Keeping up with the complex regulation requirements comes at a significant cost to banks and financial firms. The focus of the empirical study, stakeholders in Ukraine, Estonia and Poland, was chosen because of the fact that there has been a sharp increase in the adoption of AI/ML models in this jurisdiction in the context of its war with Russia and the ensuing sanctions regime. While the “leapfrogging” AI/ML paths in each bank surveyed had its own drivers and challenges, these insights provide lessons for banks in other European jurisdictions. The analysis of four criminal cases brought against top banks and conclusions of the study indicate that the increase in predicate crimes for money laundering, constantly evolving sanctions regime along with the enhanced scrutiny and enforcement action against banks are hindering technology innovation and legal implications of using AI driven tools for compliance.
Geo-political vampirism: how and why has Western literary scholarship appropriated and then re-mythologised the socio-historical origins of the vampire?
Authors: Dalton A. J.
Published: February 2024

The article considers the claims of Western academics like Frayling (1992) that the literary vampire began with Polidori’s The Vampyre (1819). Crawford (2016) identifies a German literary vampire tradition existing one hundred years before Polidori, yet that work has strengthened Eurocentric claims concerning the literary vampire by academics like Bloom (2018). The article reviews Anatol’s (2022) challenge to the dominant position of Dracula in vampire criticism, Anatol identifying a literary tradition pre-dating Stoker, that tradition seeing the documenting of Caribbean vampire folklore by British colonialists/slave owners, travel writers and journalists. In sympathy with Anatol’s non-Eurocentric consideration, the article re-examines/disputes Western academia’s ‘mythology’ concerning the Villa Diodati (1816), when Lord Byron’s reading from the German Fantasmagoriana apparently inspired Polidori and Mary Shelley to write their novels. The article identifies an Ottoman literary tradition that directly influenced Byron’s 1813 poem ‘The Giaour’, his unfinished story ‘A Fragment’ (1819), and Stoker’s Dracula. The article explores Ottoman vampire (‘obur’) literature, starting with Celebi’s Book of Travels of 1666, which refers back to the fifteenth century ‘vampire fatwas’ in the Balkans under Ottoman rule. The article traces how the dominant Turkic languages of the region informed the proto-Albanian language, the ‘vampire’ (as both term and demonised ‘other’) entering Albanian folklore. The Ottoman empire declining, the rising Austro-Hungarian and then British empires appropriated the vampire westward, exoticising and demonising non-central Europeans. Finally, the article provides a post-colonial reading of Southey’s 1801 orientalist poem Thalaba the Destroyer, reading the first true ‘vampire’ in English literature.
Emergency resource allocation considering the heterogeneity of affected areas during the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Lyu Mingshu , Sun Baiqing
Published: February 2024

The scientific allocation of emergency resources is crucial to ensure the success of COVID-19 relief operations. However, the heterogeneity of epidemic areas has an important impact on the allocation of emergency resources. Although it is a crucial topic, there has been limited research that considers the heterogeneity of affected areas in the emergency resource allocation. To bridge the gap, this study proposes a multi-period optimal allocation model of emergency resources considering the heterogeneity of affected areas, which aims to make the allocation of resources more equitable, efficient and economical. Then, a typical and representative case of emergency medical resource allocation in Hubei Province, China (where the epidemic occurred earlier and was seriously affected by COVID-19), was selected for a simulation study to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model and method. The study finds that considering the heterogeneity such as disaster coefficient and demand urgency in different disaster stricken areas in emergency resource allocation can minimize the negative impact of resource shortfalls, especially in the early period of relief operations with insufficient resource supply. In addition, the proposed model can optimize multi-period emergency resource allocation by simultaneously considering time (efficiency criterion), cost (economic criterion), and loss(equity criterion), which is in line with the actual needs of emergency rescue to the COVID-19 epidemic. The results of this study can be effectively applied to the multi-period optimal allocation of emergency resources for large-scale public health emergencies, and providing insights for the government and relevant management departments to formulate emergency resource allocation policies and plans.
Expressive suppression in the 2019 anti-government social unrest in Hong Kong: its association with psychological distress
Authors: Tsang Chi-pui Ada , Wong Wai-lap Lance
Published: February 2024

Hong Kong experienced a large-scale anti-government social unrest in 2019. High levels of violence and severe vandalism were common during the unrest, which have seriously affected the psychological wellbeing of Hong Kong people. Research has shown that, during the unrest, Hong Kong people exhibited an elevated level of psychological and mental disturbances, and these disturbances are still observed after the unrest has subsided. To further illuminate how large-scale social unrests affect people’s psychological functioning, in this study we examined the association of expressive suppression, which is defined as consciously hiding and withholding one’s emotions, with psychological distress in the context of the unrest in Hong Kong. The mediating role of rumination was also explored. The study was conducted in early 2021. A sample of 84 participants who had experienced the unrest in 2019 were recruited. They completed an online questionnaire for this study. Results from path analyses revealed that expressive suppression related to the unrest was positively associated with anxiety, stress, and depressed mood, and these associations were significantly mediated by rumination. Our findings suggest expressive suppression may play an important role in accounting for the effect of socio-political turmoil on psychological disturbances, and future research should pay more attention to this variable for understanding how large-scale political and social unrests, especially those that involve serious political divides, leave their marks on civilians.
Virus-derived circular RNAs populate hepatitis C virus–infected cells
Authors: Cao Qian M. , Boonchuen Pakpoom , Chen Tzu-Chun , Lei Shaohua , Somboonwiwat Kunlaya , Sarnow Peter
Published: February 2024

It is known that pre-mRNAs in eukaryotic cells can be processed to circular RNAs by a backsplicing mechanism. Circular RNAs have great stability and can sequester proteins or small RNAs to exert functions on cellular pathways. Because viruses often exploit host pathways, we explored whether the RNA genome of the cytoplasmic hepatitis C virus is processed to yield virus-derived circRNAs (vcircRNAs). Computational analyses of RNA-seq experiments predicted that the viral RNA genome is fragmented to generate hundreds of vcircRNAs. More than a dozen of them were experimentally verified by rolling-circle amplification. VcircRNAs that contained the viral internal ribosome entry site were found to be translated into proteins that displayed proviral functions. Furthermore, two highly abundant, nontranslated vcircRNAs were shown to enhance viral RNA abundance. These findings argue that novel vcircRNA molecules modulate viral amplification in cells infected by a cytoplasmic RNA virus.
Molecular basis for human aquaporin inhibition
Authors: Huang Peng , Åbacka Hannah , Wilson Carter J. , Wind Malene Lykke , Rűtzler Michael , Hagström-Andersson Anna , Gourdon Pontus , de Groot Bert L. , Venskutonytė Raminta , Lindkvist-Petersson Karin
Published: February 2024

Cancer invasion and metastasis are known to be potentiated by the expression of aquaporins (AQPs). Likewise, the expression levels of AQPs have been shown to be prognostic for survival in patients and have a role in tumor growth, edema, angiogenesis, and tumor cell migration. Thus, AQPs are key players in cancer biology and potential targets for drug development. Here, we present the single-particle cryo-EM structure of human AQP7 at 3.2-Å resolution in complex with the specific inhibitor compound Z433927330. The structure in combination with MD simulations shows that the inhibitor binds to the endofacial side of AQP7. In addition, cancer cells treated with Z433927330 show reduced proliferation. The data presented here serve as a framework for the development of AQP inhibitors.
Editors and world Englishes
Authors: Law Favo Melanie Ann
Published: February 2024

The impact of editorial intervention on the language of published written texts has been the topic of a handful of
recent empirical investigations within the world Englishes paradigm. These studies have demonstrated that the linguistic changes
that editors make to texts written in world Englishes contexts are not as conservative or consistent as previously assumed, with
some scholars suggesting that the sociolinguistic profiles of such editors might account for the varying behaviours noted in the
corpus-based investigations. In this article, I build on recent arguments for a more considered view of the impact of editorial
intervention on the language of published written texts in world Englishes contexts by examining editors’ sociolinguistic profiles
and the overt norms they draw on in the course of their work to explore how they orient their normative behaviour and how this may
be related to the evolutionary development of their respective varieties.
A principled approach to teaching German lexical stress assignment
Authors: Maczuga Paulina , Knaus Johannes , O’Brien Mary Grantham
Published: February 2024

This paper reports on the decisions made in the development and delivery of the training outlined in Maczuga, O’Brien and Knaus (2017). Framed within a Processing Instruction framework,
this contribution considers previous input-based training research, which has primarily focused on the training of second language
segments. In addition to providing a brief summary of the results, the paper also includes relevant recent research and provides a
discussion of the limitations and recommendations for future work in the area.
On (not) setting the atmosphere on fire with nuclear weapons
Authors: Reed B Cameron
Published: February 2024

The question of possibly igniting a fusion chain reaction in the atmosphere by detonating nuclear weapons is analysed with some basic concepts of nuclear physics and order-of-magnitude estimates. This scenario is shown to be impossible in any realistic situation.
Do it in a different way: use a TDS meter to determine the colour degradation of dye solutions
Authors: Wibowo Edy , Ulya Naily , Handayani Ismudiati Puri , Rokhmat Mamat , Sutisna
Published: February 2024

This study demonstrated how a dye solution’s per cent colour degradation (η) may be calculated using the total dissolved solids (TDS) meter. As test solutions, varied concentrations of the brilliant blue solutions were utilised. We compared the results of TDS meter readings for per cent degradation with those of standard spectrometer measurements. The results of our measurements agree with those of a spectrometer. Therefore, TDS meters can be used as an option to measure colour degradation, particularly in laboratories lacking a spectrometer, considering that the price of a TDS meter is much more affordable than that of a spectrometer. A TDS meter with high accuracy must be used for scientific purposes demanding highly precise measurement findings.
On Joule’s paddle wheel experiment in textbooks
Authors: Lopes Coelho Ricardo
Published: February 2024

Authors of university and secondary school textbooks have resorted to Joule’s famous paddle wheel experiment when introducing the topic ‘energy’. The explanations provided are misleading. In this study, Joule’s original article was used to address this problem.
Stability and debris-mitigation of a solid tape target delivery system for intense laser-matter interactions towards high-repetition-rate
Authors: Ehret Michael , de Luis Diego , Apiñaniz Jon Imanol , Henares Jose Luis , Lera Roberto , Pérez-Hernández José Antonio , Puyuelo-Valdes Pilar , Volpe Luca , Gatti Giancarlo
Published: February 2024

The VEGA-3 laser system at the Centro de Láseres Pulsados delivers laser pulses up to 1 PW at 1 Hz repetition rate, focused to intensities up to

2.5
×

10

20

 W cm−2. A versatile and compact solid target suitable for up to 0.05 Hz is presented which can operate in the challenging petawatt laser environment close to the laser-plasma interaction. Strips are spooled in a tape target system to deliver a solid density target to the laser focus for every shot. Results are presented for different tape materials and thicknesses, and a shot-to-shot standard deviation of the cut-off energy of 1.5% was obtained for Kapton reinforced aluminium tapes of 9 µm thickness. Experimental ion spectra are recorded by a Thomson Parabola Ion Spectrometer coupled with a scintillator screen; and an antenna array is used for the characterization of electromagnetic pulses. The results of both diagnostics show a good shot-to-shot stability of the system.
A low-side-lobe folded transmitarray antenna based on metasurface with independent amplitude/phase control
Authors: Bian Chenge , Zhou Dongfang , Liu Sitong , Liu Hu , Wang Ziyue , Deng Hailin , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a low-side-lobe folded transmitarray antenna (LSLFTA) based on metasurface (MS) that can independently control amplitude and phase is proposed. An MS, composed of two vertically placed polarization gates, can realize the efficient reflection of y-polarized waves, efficient transmission of x-polarized waves, and independently control of phase and amplitude is designed for the top surface. A polarization conversion surface (PCS) using an open resonant ring that can efficiently achieve cross polarization conversion is presented. The feed antenna is placed on the center of the top surface to obtain an accurate electromagnetic amplitude distribution. To the best of our knowledge, our work is thus the first one to achieve low-side-lobe FTA. The LSLFTA operating at 14.5 GHz is fabricated and measured to verify the design. After adding amplitude modulation (Taylor distribution), the side lobe level (SLL) is 5.2 dB and 7.5 lower than that of only phase modulation in the yoz plane and xoz plane, respectively. The 3 dB gain bandwidth of the antenna is 19.4% (13.5∼16.4 GHz), and the maximum aperture efficiency is 25.8%. Our work is a promising candidate in the design of high-gain, low SLL, and low-profile antenna.
Giant and tunable photonic spin Hall effect in a parity-time symmetric structure with a Dirac semimetal material
Authors: Qi Song , Da Haixia , Yan Xiaohong
Published: February 2024

The optical parity-time (PT) symmetry structure can yield unique properties, including periodicity, discreteness, nonlinearity, and so on. However, the component materials in these PT symmetry structures have been primarily restricted by their lack of tunability. Here, by utilizing the external stimulus-dependent optical properties of the Dirac semimetal, we report the theoretical prediction of the large and controllable photonic spin Hall effect in the PT symmetry structure with the slab of the Dirac semimetal. We provide evidence that the PT symmetry structure with the Dirac semimetal exhibits a large spin shift as high as the half of the waist at a certain incident angle, which is the conventionally theoretical upper limit. Due to the exceptional points, the spin shift can be enhanced effectively. Furthermore, we unravel that a small change in the Fermi energy of the Dirac semimetal on the order of 0.01 eV is able to engineer both the magnitude and sign of the spin shift. In particular, there is a transition in the spectrum of the spin shift when we vary the Fermi energy of the Dirac semimetal, where the number of the spin shift peak changes from one to two. Our results reveal the interplay between the light and the PT symmetry structure with the Dirac semimetal, which offers the possibility of developing Dirac semimetal-based spin-dependent photonic devices.
Visualizing high-dimensional loss landscapes with Hessian directions
Authors: Böttcher Lucas , Wheeler Gregory
Published: February 2024

Analyzing the geometric properties of high-dimensional loss functions, such as local curvature and the existence of other optima around a certain point in loss space, can help provide a better understanding of the interplay between neural-network structure, implementation attributes, and learning performance. In this paper, we combine concepts from high-dimensional probability and differential geometry to study how curvature properties in lower-dimensional loss representations depend on those in the original loss space. We show that saddle points in the original space are rarely correctly identified as such in the expected lower-dimensional representations if random projections are used. The principal curvature in the expected lower-dimensional representation is proportional to the mean curvature in the original loss space. Hence, the mean curvature in the original loss space determines if saddle points appear, on average, as either minima, maxima, or almost flat regions. We use the connection between expected curvature in random projections and mean curvature in the original space (i.e. the normalized Hessian trace) to compute Hutchinson-type trace estimates without calculating Hessian-vector products as in the original Hutchinson method. Because random projections are not suitable for correctly identifying saddle information, we propose to study projections along the dominant Hessian directions that are associated with the largest and smallest principal curvatures. We connect our findings to the ongoing debate on loss landscape flatness and generalizability. Finally, for different common image classifiers and a function approximator, we show and compare random and Hessian projections of loss landscapes with up to approximately

7
×

10
6

parameters.
Wing Kinematics and Dynamics during Takeoff in Honeybees
Authors: Yang Biao , Li Yizhe , Hao Zhanzhou , Yin Bo , Yin Ling , Song Jialei
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we utilized an array of four high-speed cameras to capture intricate wing kinematics, allowing us to calculate flapping amplitudes, frequencies, wingtip velocities, the ratio of upstroke to downstroke duration, and the angles between the forewings and hindwings. Preliminary analysis revealed that bees typically perform at least 15 wingbeats before taking off, with wing stroke amplitudes exceeding 100 degrees and frequencies within the range of 220 to 260 Hz. Additionally, the maximum angle between the forewings and hindwings generally surpasses 50 degrees. The kinematic parameters of takeoff are distinctive, and the relationships among various kinematic parameters are presented in this paper. Of particular note is the variation in the angle between the forewings and hindwings, which increases and then decreases with changing wingbeat speeds. In addition, we reconstructed the kinematic model of the wing motion for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, which will further reveal the aerodynamic mechanisms involved.
Innovation and Application of Reliability-Centered Maintenance Technology for Pumped Storage Power Plant
Authors: Jiang Qiu , Li Xiaoliang , Yang Lifei , Ma Yijin , Li Huanhuan
Published: February 2024

With the increasing capacity and scale of pumped storage power plant, the maintenance management and resource input of system equipment are continuously increasing. Exploring and establishing a system engineering method that balances safe production and maintenance resource input has become an important issue that enterprises urgently need to solve. Based on the reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) technology, this paper combines the characteristics of pumped storage unit operation and maintenance management and years of maintenance practice experience to improve and innovate the RCM technology method, forming a “reliability-centered pumped storage unit maintenance strategy optimization technology method” applicable to pumped storage power generation units. This technology method has been applied on the system equipment of pumped storage power generation unit. It shows the application of this technology method has made significant contribution to optimizing equipment maintenance strategies, reducing maintenance workload and the overhaul time.
Study on the Influence of Product Thermal Effect on Thermal Vacuum Test
Authors: Ma Ning , Tian Xin , Song Wenli , Li Xiaqiao , Tang Xiaojun , Zhao Zhiyi
Published: February 2024

Due to different applications, the size, shape and surface state of the power supply on spacecraft vary greatly, but they all need to experience a harsh environment, such as extreme vacuum, cold and hot alternation. Therefore, it is necessary to undergo the thermal vacuum test on the ground. During the thermal vacuum test, the aerospace power supply products with different surface states have different internal temperature rise effects due to their own emissivity and absorption during testing. The higher the temperature rise effect, the lower the product reliability. Therefore, in order to reduce the temperature rise effect of products in the process of thermal vacuum test, the temperature rise effect of products with different surface states or the same surface state can be reduced by using different shading measures in the thermal vacuum test of products is analysed and verified by experiments. The test results show that the product with bright surface has lower temperature rise effect than the product with blackened surface, which can reduce the maximum temperature difference, enhance the uniformity of temperature field and enhance the reliability of the product. In addition, using measures such as covering the product with aluminized film or overhanging it can reduce the surface temperature difference, with the overhanging shade being more effective.
An Investigation into Microstructure Evolution and High-temperature Deformation Behavior during the Instability of In-service Welding
Authors: Han Laihui , Han Tao , Wu Qian , Xu Shikai , Sun Jianbo , Wang Yong
Published: February 2024

It is of great significance to reveal deformation behavior coupling with both the high-temperature effect and microstructure for the in-service welding instability zone. In the present paper, microstructure evolution and high-temperature deformation behavior at the representative temperatures 900 °C and 1100 °C inside the in-service welding instability zone were investigated based on the in-situ high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). The results indicated that a sufficient condition of carbide precipitation is to hold it at 900 °C for a certain time. However, the phenomenon of carbide precipitation failed to be presented during continuous heating to 1150 °C. Although the slip and twining deformation occurred inside austenite grain, the fracture mechanism gave priority to intergranular cracking, which could be ascribed to the carbides with higher hardness and the grain boundary weakening caused by the temperature effect.
Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Hydrostatic Extruded AZ80 Mg Alloy
Authors: Wu Y J
Published: February 2024

The fatigue properties of conventional and hydrostatic extruded AZ80 Mg alloy were fully studied under strain-controlled mode. The hydrostatic extrusion can effectively increase the tensile strength, but decrease the elongation. Consequently, the low cycle fatigue lifespan of the hydrostatic extruded specimens was shorter than that of the conventional extruded ones. The Manson-Coffin-Basquin relationship was adopted to describe the fatigue lifespan of the extruded AZ80 alloys. Finally, the fracture surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscope. The fatigue crack stable propagation zone of the hydrostatic extruded sample has decreased significantly compared with that of the conventional extruded sample. The hydrostatic extruded specimen has small reverse plastic zone size, which leads to microscopically rough fatigue crack propagation zone.
Study on Austenite Grain Growth Behavior of GCr15 Bearing Steel
Authors: Dong Yuzhu , Xu Rongchang , Xia Dianxiu , Yang Xu , Wu Saisai , Li Shuqi , Sun Xinhua , Hu Jianqi
Published: February 2024

The effects of austenitizing temperature and holding time on the austenite grain growth behavior of GCr15 bearing steel are reflected in this paper. SEM and EBSD deeply reveal the effect of austenite grain size on the misorientation angle of grain boundary. The results show that both the holding time and the austenitizing temperature will make the austenite grain size grow to a certain extent. However, the change of temperature will cause a greater change in grain size. The grain size will also have different growth trends in different austenitizing temperature ranges. The grain size of Gcr15 test steel is combined with the Sellars model to derive its growth kinetics model.
Discussion of Mechanical Shock Test Stress for Ultra-large-scale CMOS Image Sensors
Authors: Xiong Yuanyuan , Rui Erming , Tian Yu , Jiao Qiang , Han Fuyu , Liu Pei
Published: February 2024

The ultra-large-scale CMOS image sensors are significantly different from the traditional CMOS image sensors in terms of pixel size, chip size and structure. CMOS image sensors generally come with an optical window structure that is sealed to the ceramic housing by means of adhesive. The optical window material is generally sapphire, and the larger the image element size, the larger the required glass optical window area. Ultra-large size CMOS image sensors in the package before the general optical window thickness, parallelism, light window average transmittance assessment. The object of mechanical impact test assessment is the CMOS image sensor optical window structure and capping process. The paper mainly discusses the typical failure cases of ultra-large-scale CMOS image sensors on the basis of the applicability of mechanical shock test standards, and investigates how to define the mechanical shock test stress from simulation, limit test and the requirements by users. This paper provides the qualification assessment basis of mechanical shock for newly developed products.
Effects of Particle of BA, CMA and FA on Water Absorption of Concrete
Authors: Zhou Shuguang , Zhang Haiyu , Hui Yuetong , Jin Wei , Zhang Jin
Published: February 2024

The porosity of concrete is the root cause of durability problems in concrete. Water absorption rate and water absorption speed can be used to detect the pore structure distribution of concrete. Based on the principle of permeability coefficient method, the water absorption method was improved in this study. This paper conducted an experimental study on how BA (biomass ash), CMA (cattle manure ash), and FA (fly ash) with different particle sizes affect the water absorption speed and coefficient of concrete. The results showed that among BA, FA, and CMA, the water absorption speed and coefficient of FA are the smallest among all admixtures in concrete, and the water absorption speed and coefficient of BA are the smaller. The water absorption coefficient is greater than that of FA, and the water absorption speed and coefficient of CMA are greater than those of BA. With the same dosage (15% in this test), the smaller the water cement ratio, the smaller the water absorption rate of CMA concrete; The water absorption rate of CMA concrete decreases with the increase of age. When the dosage is the same, the influence of particle size on the water absorption coefficient of concrete is the same as the influence of particle size on the water absorption speed of concrete. Factors affecting the water absorption coefficient of CMA materials include particle size distribution, shape, specific surface area, and so on. The results provide a reference for studying the durability of CMA concrete.
Study on Seismic Performance of Concrete Columns and Beams Containing Recycled Brick Aggregate
Authors: Jia Wenjie , Zhang Shiping , Fang Zhao
Published: February 2024

In order to study the reinforced concrete beam and column components composed of natural concrete (NC), recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), recycled brick grain concrete (RBGC) and recycled brick aggregate concrete (RBC), the reinforced columns under the axial tension and compression cyclic load and the horizontal cyclic load and the simply supported beam under concentrated mid-span cyclic load are simulated respectively. The transient time history analysis is conducted to analyze their failure characteristics, hysteretic performance and energy dissipation performance. The results show that the damage of the column under horizontal cyclic loading is more obvious than that under vertical cyclic loading, and the energy dissipation is better, while the energy dissipation capacity of the beam is not as good as that of the column due to local concentration. The seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns and beams composed of RBGC and RBC materials is lower than that of NC and RAC materials. The materials of RBGC and RBC are more suitable for beam members.
Experimental Investigation into the Flexural Behaviour of Basalt FRP Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Wu Xiaoyong , Chen Shaojie , Xiong Qilong , Zhou Kai , Fan Pei , Hu Xingyi
Published: February 2024

This study involved conducting four-point bending tests on three types of rebar-reinforced concrete beam: those reinforced with steel bars, those reinforced using basalt fiber-reinforced polymer rods, and hybrid reinforced concrete beams that used both Basalt fiber-reinforced plastic and reinforcing steel. Various reinforcement ratios and configurations were used to analyze mid-span deflection, flexural capacity, fracture distribution, and Basalt FRP bars strain. The results suggest that using a hybrid reinforcement system that combines Basalt fiber-reinforced plastic and reinforcing steel can improve the transverse rupture strength of rebar-reinforced concrete beam, reduce deflection and cracking, and use the high-strength characteristics of Basalt FRP bars.
The Analytical Models of Fringe Parasitic Capacitance of FinFET - A Review
Authors: Jiang Yuchen
Published: February 2024

When planar MOSFET encounters its own scaling limit, FinFET was introduced and successfully replaced the traditional MOSFET. FinFET owns its privilege over the planar MOSFET for its high tolerance to short channel effect. However, due to FinFET’s 3D structure, high parasitic capacitance compared to planar MOSFET significantly degrades the transistor speed because of RC delay. This paper provides a review on the fringe capacitance of FinFET device based on the accuracy to experimental data of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional analytical models. Those models take the external and internal parasitic capacitance component into account. The three-dimensional model outperforms the two-dimensional model in levels of precision but requires more parameters and time to establish.
Magnetic Dipole Model and Experimental Analysis of Magnetic Signal Detection Based on Magnetic Memory
Authors: Lu Dandan , Ren Shangkun , Wang Daluan , Deng Keyu , Deng Wenjie
Published: February 2024

By assuming that the magnetic charge is evenly distributed in the defect groove, the linear magnetic dipole is integrated in the depth direction of the defect, and the numerical calculation is carried out by using MATLAB to establish a two-dimensional magnetic dipole theoretical analysis model of double-correlated defects, which is suitable for analyzing the influence of stress on magnetic signal in the magnetic memory detection of rectangular and V-shaped combined macroscopic crack defects. To explore the influence factors and change rules of magnetic memory signal. In order to verify the correctness of the model analysis results, tensile tests were carried out on Q235 steel plate with double associated defects with different morphological characteristics, and the Hp(y) value of the normal component of the leakage magnetic field on the surface of the member was measured. The results show that the model based on magnetic dipole theory can explain some experimental phenomena and rules in magnetic memory detection.
Experimental Study on Axial Thermal Expansion of Composite Thin-walled Tube
Authors: Hui Tianli , Tang Xiaojun , Sun Zijie , Liu Lixia , Li Xiaoqiao , Gao Haitao
Published: February 2024

Carbon fiber reinforced composite thin-walled tubes have the characteristics of light weight, high strength and small deformation, and are widely used in aviation, aerospace and other fields. Under the working conditions of high and low temperature, the thermal deformation of tube will directly determine the service reliability of their constituent structures. It is necessary to accurately measure the thermal expansion performance of composite thin-walled tube and reasonably evaluate the stability of their constituent structures. When the existing thermal expansion performance measurement system measures the thermal expansion of tube, there are problems of sampling damage to the structural state and failure to effectively contact the end face of tube in real time. For the above situations, A method for measuring the axial thermal expansion performance of composite thin-walled tube is proposed, and the measurement system is built. The thermal expansion performance of thin-walled tube is successfully and effectively evaluated, and the error of the measurement system is reasonably evaluated using the standard parts with known thermal expansion coefficient.
Effect of Tempering on Corrosion Properties of Mold Steel
Authors: Jia Xiaobin , Tang Liming , Liu Xiangjun , Chen Longwei , Zhang Mingyi , Yang Changqiao
Published: February 2024

Proper heat treatment of mold steel is an effective way to improve its mechanical properties, but there are currently few research reports on the effect of heat treatment on the corrosion performance of mold steel. In this paper, the corrosion resistance of 3Cr17NiMoV mold steel after 500 °C tempering treatment was analyzed using Zeiss microscope, scanning electron microscope, laser confocal microscopy, 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution immersion experiment, electrochemical testing, and other research methods. The results show that after 500 °C tempering treatment, the microstructure of 3Cr17NiMoV mold steel is transformed from martensite to tempered sorbite, the inclusion is still Al2O3, and its size do not change significantly. After 500 °C tempering treatment, the corrosion rate of the sample increased from 9.56 mm/a to 12.75 mm/a, the area and depth of the pitting pits correspondingly increased from 1280.64 μm2 and 1.083 μm to 2115.08 μm2 and 1.818 μm, respectively. And the corrosion current density of the sample increases from 3.09×10−6 A/cm2 to 4.56×10−6 A/cm2. After 500 °C tempering treatment, the corrosion resistance of 3Cr17NiMoV mold steel was slightly reduced, so in engineering practice, it is necessary to carefully design heat treatment processes to balance mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
Study on the Strengthening Effect of Excitation Magnetic Field on Stress-Induced Magnetic Signal of X80 Steels
Authors: He Tengjiao , Liao Jiancheng , Liao Jun , Chen Lujie , Zhu Hongdong , Xia Guoqiang
Published: February 2024

Weak magnetic excitation stress detection has good engineering application prospects in the pipeline non-destructive testing field. To obtain the quantitative variation law between the excited stress-induced magnetic signal and the axial stress value of X80 steel, an axial tensile experimental test of X80 steel under weak magnetic excitation is conducted in this paper. The enhancing effect of the excitation magnetic field on the sensitivity of stress-induced magnetic signals has been quantitatively analyzed. The results indicate that the value of normal magnetic flux density B
z increases by 24 times when the excitation magnetic field reaches 600 A/m. Within the scope of 400 A/m to 700 A/m, the excitation magnetic field of 400 A/m has the best excitation effect on X80 steel.
Research on the Causes and Treatment of Weld Zone Fracture in Cold Rolled High Strength Steel Rolling Process
Authors: Sun Rongsheng , Wang Zhi , Wang Jing , Cai Shunda , Cui Xiying , Bai Zhenhua
Published: February 2024

In response to the poor quality of laser welding of cold-rolled advanced high-strength steel and the problem of easy fracture at the weld seam during the rolling process, the reasons for the fracture at the weld seam were first analysed using scanning electron microscopy and other equipment, to clarify the fracture characteristics and organizational distribution. Combined with the characterization results of mechanical properties, the reasons for the fracture at the weld seam during the rolling process were elucidated; Then, the influence of welding process on weld quality is studied from four aspects: laser power, welding speed, pre heat power, and post heat power; Based on the above analysis, a typical cold rolled advanced high-strength steel laser welding technology has been developed. By optimizing welding parameters such as welding power, speed, and preheating before and after, the quality of the weld seam and the cup protrusion effect have been ensured. At the same time, a reasonable rolling process optimization plan has been proposed; After applying the research results to the site, the quality of the weld seam has been significantly improved, and the occurrence rate of band breakage at the high-strength steel weld seam has decreased from an average of 3.6% per month to 0.13%. The band breakage defect at the weld seam has been effectively treated.
An End-to-end Domain Generalization Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Adaptive Weighted Domain Adversarial Learning
Authors: Zhang Mingyuan , Huang Chengxuan , He Chen , Yang Jianhong
Published: February 2024

Domain adaptation (DA) based fault diagnosis methods have attracted great attention for a long time, which leverages domain-invariant knowledge from a source domain (SD) to a special target domain (TD). However, in practise, there not usually exists only single SD and a specific and available TD. Mostly, data is generated from multiple domain distributions due to varied working conditions, and the TD is not always available during model training. Hence, how to use these multiple domain distribution data to build a model to generalize domain knowledge to an “unseen” TD, is an emerging and challengeable issue. In this paper, a novel domain generalization (DG) based fault diagnosis methods is proposed. Multiple domains are considered jointly to extract generalized domain-invariant features. A multiple residual blocks structure is adopted as the main feature extractor, an additional extractor is added to extract prior knowledge from statistic features. Besides, a k-means based adaptive weighted domain adversarial learning is designed to realize multiple domain confusion in a latent space while the wasserstein distance is calculated to assist in narrowing discrepancy between different domain distributions. Experiments of multiple domain distributions tasks from two datasets are conducted to evaluate the proposed method, and the results have verified the effectiveness of proposed method.
Research on a Novel CRSM for a Type of QZS Vibration Isolator
Authors: Wei Chunyu
Published: February 2024

Quasi-zero stiffness is usually abbreviated as QZS. This kind of QZS isolator has a negative stiffness mechanism, which is usually a spring mechanism (NSSM), thus possessing excellent isolation performance. However, it is prone to instability under low-frequency and large amplitude excitation. In response to this situation, a novel type of cam and roller spring mechanism (CRSM) is designed. This mechanism is composed of an arc-shaped groove, a rolling element, a spring, and a sliding pair. Use the combination of CRSM and NSSM to improve the stability of QZS isolators and prevent instability. Under two typical excitations, simulation tests in SIMULINK are conducted to analyze the vibration attenuation performance of the improved isolator and the role of CRSM in improving stability. The conclusion is that CRSM can greatly improve stability without reducing vibration damping performance.
Research on Cumulative Damage Induced by Cyclic Blasting of Tuff
Authors: He Rui
Published: February 2024

This article establishes a numerical model for cumulative damage of surrounding rock that can simulate the characteristics of progressive cyclic blasting in tunnels based on explicit dynamics and “restart” technology, and conducts research on the cumulative damage law of surrounding rock induced by tunnel blasting. The results show that: (1) considering the characteristics of progressive cyclic blasting in tunnels, the degree and range of surrounding rock damage are significantly increased compared to single blasting, with an increase of about 50%; (2) the amount of damage caused by blasting in the surrounding rock follows a Boltamann function (S-shaped curve) evolution feature as the distance between the blasting centers increases. In practical applications, when evaluating the degree and range of damage to the surrounding rock at the current location, additional cumulative damage caused by adjacent footage cycles should be considered, and the damage value can be 1.5 times the damage value of the current single blasting condition
Batch Scheduling for Work Centers with Multiple Manufacturing Machines under the Parallel-Sequence-transfer Mode
Authors: Luan Shichao , Kong Jili , He Jinglun
Published: February 2024

This paper, based on the parallel-sequence-transfer mode of batch jobs, aimed to implement research on the batch scheduling for work centers with multiple manufacturing machines in full detail. In order to arrange a precise product planning with batch jobs, obtain the maximum completing time with batch jobs, schedule manufacturing machines in each work center accurately, and get the actual number of manufacturing machines used to processing batch jobs in each work center, a new processing procedure of the processing time model under the parallel-sequence-transfer mode was designed. The new designed processing procedure was tested on a numeric example. The results show that the research in this thesis could not only arrange a precise production planning under the parallel-sequence-transfer mode, but also schedule manufacturing machines for each work center with multiple manufacturing machines accurately.
Research Progress on Influencing Factors of Bolted Joint Structure Loosening
Authors: You Long , Liu Changkui , Chen Hehe , Fan Hao
Published: February 2024

Loosening of bolted joint structure is a critical failure mode mainly caused by the slippage and friction behaviours on the thread and bearing surfaces. Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a series of studies on the loosening mechanism and anti-loosening methods of bolted joint structures; however, there are fewer summaries on the influencing factors of loosening of bolted joint structures. This paper takes the phenomenon of loosening of bolted joint structure as the research object, summarizes the research method of loosening of bolt joint structure and the influencing factors, and summarizes the influencing law of loosening of bolted joint structure in four aspects, namely, preload force, external load factors, structural factors, and operating temperature, to provide references for the design of anti-loosening of bolted joint structure.
Failure Mechanism of Bearings under Extremely Cryogenic Conditions
Authors: Wang Bin , Liu Dongchang , Tian Zhen , Wang Xiaodong , Xie Saipeng , Bu Chunguang
Published: February 2024

Bearing, as one of the most core components of rotating equipment, is prone to wear under cryogenic conditions, which seriously affects the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, it is necessary to study the failure mechanism of bearing under cryogenic conditions. In this paper, friction and wear behavior of the bearings under cryogenic conditions is verified by using bearing simulation test platform. The results show that the bearing surface of raceway is prone to wear failure under cryogenic conditions, but the ball wear amount per unit time is small. This is because the cryogenic conditions seriously change the performance of the bearing material, the plasticity and strength of the material will be seriously reduced, and the brittleness will increase. Therefore, when the bearing ball and the bearing raceway surface contact friction, under the action of Hertz contact stress, the raceway surface is easy to produce pits and spalling, resulting in serious fatigue on the surface of the friction pair. The research provides a strongly theoretical and technical support for further improving the bearing performance and developing the tribological design of bearings.
Effect of Decompression Hole Structure Design on Stress Inhomogeneity of Stainless Steel Base Force Transducers
Authors: Gao Kai
Published: February 2024

In order to reduce the stress inhomogeneity of the stainless steel base force transducer, the force transducer structure with decompression holes of different depths and different hole morphologies is designed in this paper and compared with the traditional force transducer structure without decompression hole design. According to the finite element analysis theory, the stress inhomogeneity level under different pressures and different structures is tested using a simulation platform. When a flat-bottomed hole is used and the depth of the decompression hole is 7 mm, the stress inhomogeneity of the inner ring of the force measurement structure is 32.77% of the original scheme, and the stress inhomogeneity of the outer ring is 90.12% of the original scheme. The simulation results show that the use of a suitable decompression hole structure can help to reduce the stress inhomogeneity of the force measurement structure. This work provides a new idea in the field of sensor optimization.