bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mod Murder: Death and Desire in Swinging London Film
Authors: Devereaux Michelle
Published: February 2023

This paper explores the themes of gender identity, self-reflexivity, and the concept of the cinematic gaze in British modernist film. Specifically, it focuses on how the social milieu of 1960s Swinging London informed the films Peeping Tom, Repulsion, and Blow-up regarding the construction of the sexualized female image and how it is replicated within the process of filmmaking itself. These self-conscious portrayals of the commodification of sexuality to violent ends thrived in the “mod” era. More than anywhere else at that time, London in the early- to mid-60s offered a crystallized view into the emerging sexual revolution while exploiting the very currency that cinema has furtively traded in since its inception: the appropriation of the female image for the pleasure of the male voyeur. This brief cycle of films self-consciously pointed to the perils of the mod love affair with image over content. By examining them within the confines of mise-en-scène and the psychoanalytical discourse of Laura Mulvey (voyeurism as sadism) and Gaylyn Studlar (voyeurism as masochism) as well as other cinematic texts on scopophilic desire (the works of Hitchcock), it becomes clear that British modernism offered a timely and unique discourse on the process of looking, and being looked at, in the cinema.
Clipping
Authors: Royle Nicholas
Published: February 2023

We are living in a new era of haunting, one in which (as the essays published here suggest) we find ourselves engaging with the 'ethics of the spectral text', 'spectral and textual haunting', and 'ghostly narrative' (as distinct from narrative about the ghostly). Such phrases themselves tell a story or at least evoke a disorder that is in keeping with this new era. They are new kinds of phrases: they seek a place, a haunt, in which spectrality cohabits with writing, text and narrative, as well as with the question of ethics.You have to move very fast. Everything is just clipping by. That's what is at issue in this new era in which hauntology replaces ontology and increasing spectralization is the disorder of the day.
Marcuse on Art and Technology
Authors: Feenberg Andrew
Published: February 2023

In this paper I will argue that Marcuse's aesthetics are deeply implicated in his concept of technology, and that technological change is in fact a fundamental "praxis" corresponding to his aesthetic theory. I will also argue that Marcuse's "aesthetics of technology" is based on his theory of sensation which he developed in a peculiar synthesis of the early Marx and Freud.
The Independent Inventor: Hero or Fool?
Authors: Westrum Ron
Published: February 2023

In this paper I will tackle a subject often neglected when grand treatises on innovation are written: the independent inventor. Although independent inventors are not as significant as they once were, their death is, as Mark Twain said, responding to reports of his own demise, "very much exaggerated." Not only do independent inventors still invent, they are more successful than is generally thought. Here I would like to take the time to give an in-depth examination of this interesting species.
Fractured Bodies and Social Wounds: The Simulation of Trauma in J.G. Ballard’s Crash
Authors: Chrysochou Panayiota
Published: February 2023

J.G. Ballard’s sci-fi novel Crash is a powerful – albeit highly controversial – depiction of man’s destiny in late industrial culture, “the destiny of [his] human body in a world of automotive disaster” and proliferating technology (Youngquist). It traumatically “crashes” the boundaries between bodies and machines, interior states of subjectivity and the external world, even the boundaries between fiction and reality, and depicts a ghastly marriage between sex and technology through the mediation of the metallic car-body – which, as Ballard points out in his “Introduction” to the French edition of the text, is portrayed in Crash “not only as a sexual image, but as a total metaphor for man’s life in today’s society” (Ballard 6).
Not Just Ensemble Films: Six Degrees, Webs, Multiplexity and the Rise of Network Narratives
Authors: Silvey Vivien
Published: February 2023

In a scene from Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu's 2006 film Babel, one afternoon a deaf-mute Japanese girl, Chieko, gossips in sign language with a school friend via her mobile phone's web cam. The scene's linguistically estranged nature encapsulates how language in itself is a technology, a system which reaches across borders of silence to allow understanding. We are only able to interpret language through shared knowledge of its systems and, in many cases, through the aid of devices which collapse the barriers of proximity in time, space, and in this case, vision. It is indicative of the contemporary paradigm of network society that this scene occurs within a film which explores worldwide repercussions of (mis)communication, and that Babel belongs within a genre which in recent years has frequently thematised systems of interconnection, exploiting digital narrative technologies and in effect practicing Fredric Jameson's concept "cognitive mapping" (Jameson 54). However, while they may appear to value difference and diversity, in many cases these films use cognitive mapping as a tool for totalisation, divulging narratives of smoothed-out differences and equalised circumstances. Within this emergent paradigm of interconnectedness continues the problem of how to relay the postmodern promise of endless complexity, without subordinating difference to a simplified reduction of totality.
"Unleashing the Underdog": Technology of Place in Virginia Woolf's Flush
Authors: Sriratana Verita
Published: February 2023

"Technology," as both technical and common term, is often associated with scientific and industrial tools, techniques, and procedures. This academic paper, however, propounds that the term "technology" in its etymological roots epitomises not only the objectivity of science but also the subjectivity of arts. The concept of technology oscillates between binary poles of the concrete and the abstract and, by so doing, merges and disrupts those seemingly fixed binary oppositions. The dynamism of technology manifests itself most clearly in our understanding of place. "Technology of Place," the means by which an individual comes to understand place, embodies not only the concrete "architectural textures" perceived through sensory reception, but also the abstract ideas or "textual architectures" which form understandings of, and feelings towards, a particular place. Since it is made up of both tangible and intangible layers of texts, place can be "read" and approached as a text. Through the literature of place, one is able to read through the surface of place and interrogate its embedded discourse of power and technology of production. The hypothesis and conclusion of this essay will be attested and illustrated in a close analysis of Virginia Woolf's Flush, her "underdog" text which depicts the life story of the underdogs: the Victorian poetess Elizabeth Barrett Browning and her pet. Published in 1933, this biography of a cocker spaniel investigates how dogs and women perceive the world and how they come to understand their places in it.
MY PROSTHETIC AND I: Identity Representation in Bodily Extension
Authors: Wright Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

My prosthetic is a secret of my self. It hides, tucked beneath clothing, allowing me to pass as something that I am not, that I can never be. It is precious to me, it enables me, gives me mobility and an aesthetic that would cease if it was removed from me. Within my body schema, my prosthetic is as much a part of my body as my skin, blood, and organs. It is also an object of technology, a topological replacement of a missing body part. However, a large, un-chartered misunderstanding of experience separates both of these experiences. For many years, academics, artists, and theorists have tried to merge the two, in the process bringing forth ideas on the prosthetic that have seemingly removed it from the realm of disabled experience and into the fantastical world of the uncanny. Therefore, the question for myself, as an artist, is how to explore this large chasm of differing experience and draw out the uncanny into a world of subtle, lived understanding and visual acceptance.
Of Space Forevermore
Authors: Kobialka Michal
Published: February 2023

We have been flirting with space for over two millennia. And, as this Forum so clearly indicates, we have not had enough.The Call for Papers for this special issue opens with a bold statement that makes the following claim: "with the invention of the internet—that infinite cyber space—our world has both radically expanded and contracted. Opened up, as our practice of intersecting with others has been drastically changed; but contracted, as this freedom has altered our experience of spatial distance forever." More important, "our world, our cities, our domestic, private, and public spaces have undergone a drastic re-definition; these new spaces have forced a change in our understanding of the nature of space itself."Indeed. However, beware. The temporal framework superimposed upon space—that temporal linearity associated with the pre- and post-moment of the invention of the internet—could accidentally re-introduced the normative category of absolute time that rationalizes and legitimizes the events in the world that has both radically expanded and contracted. This temporal framework superimposed upon space, which, as it is argued, caused a re-definition of the material and immaterial attributes of space, should make us aware that this framework will only represent a present intelligibility of space and will only remain valid until a new invention replaces the invention of the internet.
Spaces Turning into Places: Mental vs. Institutional Places and Spaces in Colin Thubron’s A Cruel Madness
Authors: Wächter Cornelia
Published: February 2023

Psychiatric hospitals by and large fulfil a dual function: historically, they derive from societies' need to isolate those individuals not conforming to the established morals (Foucault, Madness 61). In the eighteenth century, conceptions of madness had taken on notions of contagion and disease, which society allegedly needed to be protected from (Smart 22). Even nowadays, the protection of society remains a factor, albeit on the basis of the unintentional threat posed by potentially violent mentally ill individuals (Goffman 4). On the other hand, the purpose of psychiatric hospitals is to care for individuals who, due to their mental illness, are incapable of caring for themselves (Goffman 4). This double function is also reflected in the word asylum, which can not only refer to a "lunatic asylum" ("Asylum," def. 4.), the predecessor of the psychiatric hospital, but can also denote a "secure place of refuge, shelter, or retreat" ("Asylum," def. 2).Whether to protect society or to provide a place of retreat, mental hospitals need to delimit and control contact with the outside. Hence, their barriers to social intercourse are "often built right into the physical plant" in the form of locked doors and windows and surrounding walls (Goffman 4). These boundaries can symbolise both aspects of asylum: they can provide protection from a dangerous outside and may also be experienced as restrictive and confining. Michel de Certeau's conception of places and spaces can be usefully deployed for an analysis of how psychiatric patients make do within these institutions. The same pertains to representations of such patients in literature. This paper will analyse Colin Thubron's A Cruel Madness in light of the questions of how Daniel Pashley, the narrator, perceives and negotiates the boundaries of the institutions he finds himself in; how he creates spaces of his own; and what exactly the boundaries that delimit this creation of individual spaces are.
Surrealism and the ‘Fissured Subject’: Breton, Éluard, and Desnos
Authors: Leveque James
Published: February 2023

Although known as one of the most doctrinaire movements of the historical avant-garde – mostly due to Breton’s intense theorising and dominating personality – individual Surrealists approached the problem of the divided and decentred subject from substantially different angles. Surrealism began as a poetic movement around the circle of Breton, Soupault, Louis Aragon, Paul Éluard, Benjamin Péret, and Robert Desnos. By the end of the 1930s most had broken with Breton, if not the foundational tenets of the movement itself. This study examines collections of Surrealist poetry from the mid-1930s from Breton, Éluard, and Desnos as examples of the variant understandings of the subject within Surrealism. Breton published The Air of the Water (1934) in the midst of his most intense articulation of Surrealist theory in Communicating Vessels (1932) and Mad Love (1937); Éluard published Public Rose (1934), Easy (1935), and The Covered Forehead (1936) just a few years before his break with Breton in 1938; The Neck-less (1934) was published by Desnos a half-decade after being ‘excommunicated’ from the Surrealist group by Breton, though he never ceased to consider himself a Surrealist. In each case, the poet’s understanding of the ‘fissured subject’ and his vision of the potential for that subject is both Surrealist and entirely individual.
Masks of Infamy: The About-faces in Christopher Nolan’s The Dark Knight
Authors: Dudenhoeffer Larrie
Published: February 2023

In Tim Burton’s Batman (1989), the opening credits sequence maps the contours of what appears to be some undecipherable structure, the camera sliding along its walls, curves, and grooves, which turn out to index the chest symbol of the film’s title character. This sequence suggests that this sign, or rather the idea for it, emerges from a center, as it traces out the canals, cavities, ridges, sockets, and nerves of the splanchnocranium or facial skeleton. The stylization of Gotham City in the film—a strange mixture of the Gothic, Expressionist, and Art Deco—also suggests that its grotesqueness rises from the spirit of its vain consumerist citizens, its corrupt officials, and its Mafioso industrialists. These sets find their counterpart in Batman’s costume, which is also animalistic, anthropomorphic, and steely-robotic all at once. It too contains a centre, reclusive millionaire Bruce Wayne (Michael Keaton), who, as one youngster in the set-up to the film’s first action scene suggests, can right the “wrong direction” that Gotham society is taking. In contrast, Christopher Nolan’s The Dark Knight (2008) eschews the notion of a centre, no one truly inhabiting the character’s costume or its symbolic vesture. In this update, everything wears a mask, and the film implies that there is nothing under these masks. As Renata Salecl makes clear, “when the subject sacrifices his desire to the Ideal, when he completely subordinates himself to symbolic identity and takes on a symbolic mask, it is in this mask that one can discern his desire” (11). As desire traverses our symbolic identities, it undergoes a continuous deformation, transcoding the qualities of the flesh and stretching them into such “externalities” as our moral ideals, spatial ensembles, ideological coordinates, aesthetic sensibilities, and social outfits. The desire of the characters in The Dark Knight remains mobile, acentric, and indeterminate, impossible to neatly situate or describe in somatic or representational terms alone. The masks these characters wear rather span these terms and thus carry the stamp of their topological relation to the face.
Introduction
Authors: Editors The
Published: February 2023

This Spring 2011 issue of FORUM aims to explore the notion of authenticity as it is deployed in a series of fictional, or fictionalising, works. Whether the concept is treated as an ideal, an impossibility, or an overarching apparatus, the articles chosen for inclusion share a concern with the role of ‘authenticity’ as an ambition or illusion which is consciously sought or employed within the creative process. We have selected these pieces not only for their shared aspiration to stimulate further critical discussion regarding authentic representation, but also for their interrogation of the function of narrative compositions within which fictional, or fictionalised, individuals are represented.
“Eat Shit and Die!”: Rereading power dynamics in fictional depictions of coprophagia
Authors: Witcombe Mike
Published: February 2023

In a 2010 online video interview, the pornographic actor Veronika Moser discusses her long-standing interest in 'scat' fetishism (sex acts involving faeces), in particular her "passion" for consuming the excrement of her lovers and fellow actors. Introducing her preferences, she discusses how "[her] main objective was to learn to swallow shit, because that's something very special" (Moser). Indeed, the very excess of the act appears to form a large part of its appeal to Moser - she eventually justifies herself by claiming that "for me there's no extremer act" (Moser). Many of those commenting on the video appear to share a belief in the distinct, "special" quality of the fetish, whilst condemning the practice itself. Such a reaction is to be expected. Coprophagia - the term which describes Moser's fetish for consuming excrement - has long been a deeply controversial and potentially unsettling act, tied up in a series of debates about power and sexuality.
Investigating Claims of Eroticism in Images of the Annunciation
Authors: Ferrie Frank
Published: February 2023

The usefulness of religious images to the Christian Church in late-medieval Europe had long been appreciated, but their function was most clearly expressed from the time of Thomas Aquinas (1225-74) onwards. Images were to instruct the illiterate and the ignorant, to remind devotees about the mysteries of the faith by reference to the exemplary lives of the saints, and to stimulate devotion (Welch 137). Naturalism, which began to emerge in the early fourteenth century, can be seen as a logical extension of these aims.
The “Natural” Is a Sham: The Baroque and Its Contemporary Avatars
Authors: Van de Port Mattijs
Published: February 2023

This article discusses three aesthetics which go against the understanding of “the natural” as the default setting of life and being: baroque, punk and camp celebrate the artificiality and made-upness of man-made worlds. Reflecting on autobiographical encounters with these styles, and using a Lacanian frame of analysis, the author discusses what makes these styles appealing to some and horrific to others, and what they effectuate in the lives of their aficionados.
Half Fish, Half Monster: Shakespeare’s Caliban and the Performance of Natural History
Authors: Leslie Christopher
Published: February 2023

Starting around the time of Shakespeare’s birth, a group of naturalists engaged in a collective enterprise to enumerate and distinguish strange varieties in the new world, including what were thought to be monsters and supernatural beings. Although this controversy would lead to the idea that human races were distinct species in the nineteenth century, considering The Tempest in the context of natural history demonstrates that the development of scientific racism was far from inevitable.
Molecularising Nature: How Scandinavian Wolves Became Natural
Authors: Stokland Håkon B.
Published: February 2023

This paper examines the construction and stabilisation of Scandinavian wolves as natural and worthy of protection. I argue that molecular biology was crucial to this process, and that the most significant work of the molecular biologists was to construct boundaries between pairs of categories, such as natural and unnatural.
Ritual Art: Political, Social and Religious Subversion in the Dramatic Works of William Butler Yeats and Aleister Crowley
Authors: Clanton Amy
Published: February 2023

The ritual plays of William Butler Yeats and Aleister Crowley question the dominant political, social, and religious values of their time, contravening traditional ideas of ritual as a conservative social force. This study analyses Yeats’s Celtic Mysteries rituals and Crowley’s Rites of Eleusis according to changing scholarly theories of ritual.
Cinema, Cliché, and Thought Outside Itself
Authors: Parks Tyler
Published: February 2023

In Deleuze’s Cinema 1: The Movement-Image and Cinema 2: The Time-Image, the cliché appears as merely one concern in a web of others, and here I would like to argue for its significance in distinguishing the nature of the two regimes of thought associated with the movement-image and the time-image. While Deleuze contends that artists and filmmakers must struggle with the cliché, it seems to me that he does not stress enough that filmmakers often make vital use of the clichés of continuity and spatio-temporal orientation that have been developed in the medium’s short history. It is in making use of these clichés, though not for the purpose of parody alone, that filmmakers are able to most forcefully make visible the limits that clichés set on cinematic thought, and the points at which thought moves outside these limits. In order to make my arguments I will consider the filmic style of Yasujiro Ozu, and Wong Kar-wai’s In the Mood for Love.
The Cliché as Complaint and Critique
Authors: Norberg Jakob
Published: February 2023

The cliché is a peripheral term in our critical vocabulary. Reviewers, critics, and editors speak of clichés, but dictionaries of critical terms rarely provide entries on the word. This paper asks whether pointing out clichés represents a form of critique or whether it is just quibbling, and how we draw the line between scrutiny and pedantry.
“the killing of speech”: The Sonic-Politics of The Four Horsemen
Authors: Schmaltz Eric
Published: February 2023

In The Sound of Poetry / The Poetry of Sound, Marjorie Perloff suggests that “however central the sound dimension is to any and all poetry, no other poetic feature is currently as neglected.” This paper locates its study of the paleotechnic sound poetry quartet The Four Horsemen along emergent philosophical vectors in sound and vibrational studies to consider the possibilities of vocal expression beyond logocentricism.
The Hauntology of Media Addiction
Authors: Zekany Eva
Published: February 2023

This article proposes an exploration of the phenomenon of media addiction as the expression of a haunting: the re-emergence of nostalgia for presence and materiality. Relying on Jacques Derrida’s hauntology and Karen Barad’s neomaterialist theory, media addiction is refigured as an unavoidable human-technology bond that politics of life cannot escape.
From False Teeth to Exoskeletons: The Body and Materiality in William Gibson’s Burning Chrome
Authors: Collins Hannah
Published: February 2023

Considering texts from William Gibson’s short story collection, Burning Chrome, this essay seeks to establish that the material ontology of the body cannot be discounted in current ontological and existential debates, but rather, we might re-conceptualise pre-existing notions of human selfhood under the conditions of a technologically enhanced social aesthetic.
The Shakespeare death tercentenary celebrations in England and Scotland: How British was Shakespeare in 1916?
Authors: Anderson Emily
Published: February 2023

The tercentenary of Shakespeare’s death fell in 1916, during the Great War. Scholarship on the commemorations has so far focused on English attitudes to Shakespeare, with critics demonstrating how celebrants in England linked Shakespeare to notions of patriotism and national pride. This paper shows that celebrants in both Scotland and England used Shakespeare to stress the importance of British unity in wartime, and associated him with a range of concerns unrelated to national identity. It concludes with the idea that the flexibility of Shakespeare’s figure mirrors the nature of “Britishness,” making the Shakespeare of 1916 a “British icon.”
After the Good Life - Introduction
Authors: Schryer Stephen
Published: February 2023

When people refer to the good life, they usually have in mind a specific middle-class lifestyle that flourished between the 1940s and early 1970s. This lifestyle has steadily eroded since that period as the socioeconomic circumstances that sustained it disappeared; most of the welfare systems that protected the middle class have worn thin, and middle-class work has become tenuous and uncertain as a result of downsizing and permatemping. We live in a world marked, in Loïc Wacquant's terms, by "Social Insecurity" (Punishing the Poor 3), a generalised sense of anxiety brought about by the acceleration of creative destruction within late capitalism. Nevertheless, the good life persists as an ideal with ambiguous effects. At times, it helps citizens challenge the neoliberal assaults on what remains of the welfare state. At other times, this ideal props up neoliberal ideology itself, keeping workers chasing after the ever-receding mirage of middle-class security.
Public Works
Authors: Robbins Bruce
Published: February 2023

The ambiguities of the word public show with unusual clarity when the subject is public works, when it is unclear what, if any, citizen engagement or influence has been brought to bear. This article asks whether the discourse of the common good can be salvaged for large scale mobilisations, whether they be infrastructure projects or responses to ecological crisis.
"Jo, the outlaw with the broom": The Public and Pestiferous Role of the Vagrant in Charles Dickens's Bleak House
Authors: Robinson Alistair
Published: February 2023

This article explores Charles Dickens’s unusual characterisation of vagrant figures in his novel Bleak House. Dickens conceived of the vagrant as a public entity without any recourse to private spaces — a thesis supported here by the novel and a series of satellite texts by Dickens, Henry Mayhew and Edwin Chadwick. This conception, in turn, is both a reflection, and a perceived cause, of the vagrant’s intellectual, moral and physical degeneration. Beginning with a brief overview of vagrancy in the nineteenth century, before moving on to a discussion about Dickens’s atypical depiction of vagrant characters, this paper examines both the public presentation of vagrants and the dangers that they were perceived to pose to society at large. In doing this, this article seeks to unpick how one of the great Victorian social critics perceived the problem of nineteenth-century vagrancy and its social ramifications.
Between Hashtagging and Hashtrending: Counterculture, Dissent and Aesthetic Politics
Authors: Van Heerden Chantelle Gray
Published: February 2023

The year 2016 was marked by a number of major events, some fleeting, others still ongoing, but almost all underscoring the need for thinking about a very different way of being in the world; in other words, producing radically different kinds of subjectivity. These events – which included Brexit and the election of real estate mogul and reality TV celebrity, Donald Trump, as the president of the U.S. – can be seen as part of the ongoing rise of right-wing populism that has marked world politics for at least the past decade. The continuing European migrant and refugee crises, too, have been harnessed by politicians to create voter fear around personal security in terms of jobs and safety, and national security in terms of terrorism. Accordingly, these kinds of political strategies create a victim-perpetrator binary.
Grace, Laura Jane. Tranny: Confessions of Punk Rock's Most Infamous Anarchist Sellout. New York: Hachette, 2016. 320 pp. ISBN: 9780316387958. £13.99. Print.
Authors: Maya Gina
Published: February 2023

In her autobiography Tranny (2016), punk singer/songwriter Laura Jane Grace explores the excesses of two forms of subversion, against the music industry, and heteronormativity as a transgender woman. In the following review, Gina Maya analyses the implications of her experiences as a counter-cultural icon.
Reconnaissance a new Palaeolithic site at Al-Huwaidy in Ha’il region, northwest Saudi Arabia
Authors: Nassr Ahmed Hamid , Al-Hajj Mohammed , Tueaiman Ali , Elhassan Ahmed
Published: February 2023

Ha’il region in northwest Saudi Arabia is characterized by the presence of oases, flat plains, Paleo-lakes, and lava fields, which are some of the main landscape characteristics in which Palaeolithic sites have been found in the region. It is located on one of the routes of early hominin dispersal across Arabia. The ongoing archaeological research made by the Paleodeserts and Disperse projects have recorded several Acheulean and Middle Palaeolithic sites in such localities as Jubbah basin in the Nefud desert (Groucutt et al. 2021; Petraglia et al. 2015; 2019), yet large parts of the region are still unexplored.

The ground archaeological survey conducted by the authors at Al-Huwaidy village, 70 km southwest of Ha’il town, has led to the discovery of a unique Palaeolithic site on the margin of a palaeo-oasis, close to a volcanic mountain. The archaeological site consists of an agglomeration spread of lithics covering an area of basaltic field and outcrops. Numerous handaxes have been documented on the surface and the profiles of current water canal shafts. The site setting and the quantity and quality of lithics from Large Cutting Tools (LCT), including typical handaxes, foliate handaxes, Acheulean cores and flakes, indicate that the site represents a new and interesting extension of Palaeolithic archaeology in the northwest of Arabia similar to Palaeolithic characteristics in the Jubbah basin. Thus, this discovery has a direct relevance in assessing the distribution of Palaeolithic sites in the Ha’il region, showing that they not only occur in the northern area (Nefud desert), but also in the different landscape (basaltic lava field) in the southern part of the region.
From bedrock to alluvium: Considerations on human-lithic resource interaction
Authors: Mester Zsolt , Faragó Norbert
Published: February 2023

Although lithic raw material provenience studies in Hungarian archaeology have started in the late 1970s, little attention has been paid to the methods prehistoric people with which acquired these raw materials for tool production. With our palaeoethnological approach, we investigate the relationship between human groups and the world surrounding them, aiming to recognize which environmental factors played a role in their lithic raw material economy and tool production. Prehistoric people weighed a range of such factors against each other when deciding about the utilization of a lithic raw material source. The occurrence-source-archaeological site (OSA) model presented in our article helps to describe the interaction between siliceous rock resources and humans. Any place where stone suitable for knapping can be found is considered to be an occurrence. If the lithic raw material from an occurrence is found in the archaeological material, we call it a source, as it was utilized by humans. All places where remains of human activity are found are usually considered archaeological sites. Siliceous rock occurrences are considered raw material sources with a long history prior to human interaction, travelling from the original bedrock to alluvial deposits, due to the geologic-geomorphologic processes of formation, transformation, and transport. The characteristics, of these occurrences, including location, determine not only the distance of transportation but also the quality and condition of the blocks available. Based on these assumptions our research has two aims: to locate lithic raw material occurrences available for prehistoric people and to recognize their decisions about extraction. For the first one, we mapped occurrences of several siliceous rocks in the region. To reconstruct lithic raw material utilization and preferences, we conducted a techno-economic analysis. We studied two areas and their characteristic lithic raw materials in northern Hungary: limnosilicite from the foothills of the Mátra mountain range (Mátraalja), and Buda hornstone or chert from the Buda Hills.

The utilization of both materials is documented at archaeological sites of several prehistoric periods. Both rocks occur in the study areas at several locations that can be considered prehistoric extraction sites. According to Turq’s source area typology, allochthonous sources are not present, but primary and secondary autochthonous as well as sub-allochthonous types have been identified in both areas. However, the exploitation of primary autochthonous limnosilicites could not be demonstrated in the Mátraalja. At the moment, the exploitation of secondary autochthonous and sub-allochthonous sources can be hypothesized for all concerned prehistoric periods.
Inteligencia de enjambre: de los sistemas naturales a los artificiales
Authors: Márquez Vera Marco Antonio
Published: February 2023

La inteligencia artificial (ia) ha dejado de ser ciencia ficción, y ya es algo común en nuestra vida. Las distintas áreas de la ia imitan lo que ocurre en la naturaleza, un ejemplo es el comportamiento de diferentes animales gregarios, como las abejas o los lobos. El comportamiento de estas estructuras sociales se emplea para buscar soluciones a diferentes problemas. En este artículo se presentan algunos ejemplos de algoritmos que imitan el comportamiento de distintos animales y su aplicación en la vida diaria, en el marco de una disciplina que se conoce como inteligencia de enjambre.
Importancia de los edificios inteligentes para el medio ambiente
Authors: Caballero Güereca Carlos Enrique , Alfaro Cruz María Rocío , Luévano Hipólito Edith , Torres Leticia Myriam
Published: February 2023

El desarrollo urbano se ha convertido en una prioridad para el crecimiento de las ciudades alrededor del planeta, ya que la construcción de nuevas viviendas y lugares de trabajo es una necesidad en todos los países. Sin embargo, la industria de la construcción genera grandes impactos ambientales, por lo que es necesaria una reestructuración y modernización en el desarrollo de viviendas y edificios, con el fin de trabajar hacia la creación de ciudades y comunidades sostenibles. Para esto, alrededor del mundo ya se aplican distintas tecnologías y materiales inteligentes en la infraestructura y la construcción de bienes inmuebles. En este orden de ideas, en este trabajo se exploran las diferentes alternativas existentes para el desarrollo sostenible, como el uso de materiales de construcción biodegradables y reciclados, la incorporación de azoteas verdes, la autoeficiencia energética, la arquitectura de bajo consumo energético y el uso de ventanas inteligentes. Su aplicación en México aún es muy escasa o aislada, por lo que existe una gran oportunidad de crecimiento para la implementación y aprovechamiento de las tecnologías sustentables existentes, así como para el desarrollo de alternativas de construcción sustentables.
Lizard species on three islands off the Mexican Pacific Coast: effects of insularity
Authors: Siliceo-Cantero Héctor Hugo , Benítez-Malvido Julieta , Suazo-Ortuño Ireri
Published: February 2023

This study provides a descriptive panorama of the lizard communities on 3 islands and the mainland on the Pacific coast of Mexico, estimating the effect of insularity (ecological changes between lizards on the islands and on the mainland) on lizard populations. The panorama included the number of species, encounter frequency and age classes. The insularity effects were estimated by comparing these variables, as well as basking behavior, activity related to microclimate, and perch height among the islands and the mainland. Of 11 species recorded, 8 occurred on the islands; however, every insular community was composed of 3 to 5 species (4 are protected by Mexican law). The encounter frequency for all species ranged between 11 and 0.1 individuals per hour. Lizard communities were predominantly composed of adults. Only 2 lizard species, Aspidoscelis communis and A. lineattissima, were shared among all sites, showing no insularity effects on the encounter frequency nor basking behavior. There were signs of insularity, however, on age classes and a clear effect on perch height, suggesting niche expansion. The study contributes to the regional knowledge of lizard species, as well as to ecological theories such as niche expansion and density compensation.
Cianoprocariontes y microalgas de dos lagunas de la Reserva de la Biosfera Pantanos de Centla, Tabasco, México
Authors: Lobato César , Novelo Eberto
Published: February 2023

En Tabasco se han reconocido 699 taxones algales dulceacuícolas, cifra que consideramos baja, dado que resguarda el mayor número de cuerpos de agua dulce del país y alberga la Reserva de la Biosfera Pantanos de Centla (RBPC), el humedal tropical más extenso, que por su compleja hidrología y biodiversidad es uno de los sitios más importantes de su tipo en Mesoamérica. El objetivo central de este estudio consistió en registrar y documentar las especies fitoplanctónicas de las lagunas El Viento y San Pedrito, localizadas al interior de la RBPC, durante 2 períodos, lluvias de norte (noviembre 2016) y secas (febrero 2017). Se documentaron 67 especies, 4 de ellas se registran para México por primera vez y 18 para la entidad. El 67% se presentan en sistemas acuáticos eutrofizados, con una forma de vida típicamente planctónica (73%). La cantidad y variedad de cuerpos acuáticos en la entidad, la ubicación de la RBPC y la influencia de la región hidrológica Grijalva-Usumacinta, hacen notable la gran diversidad de algas y de procariotas fotoautotróficos (Cyanoprokaryota).
Sustainability of Higher Education: The Role Of Financial Transparency, Continuing Education And Job Satisfaction
Authors: Rudiyanto Rudiyanto , Nuzulul Hidayati  , Zakiyya Tunnufus
Published: February 2023

Our article focuses on the problem of job satisfaction and loyalty of permanent lecturers in accounting at private universities. This article aims to provide empirical evidence regarding: the relationship between financial transparency, continuing education, and job satisfaction on the loyalty of accounting lecturers at private universities. We were collected data using a questionnaire that distributed directly to 279 accounting lecturers, from 12 universities in Indonesia as a sample. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was employed to investigate the form of construct reliability. After the construct of each variable was declared reliable, we analyzed the data based on the level of relationship and influence of each variable. Our results showed that transparency in financial, continuing education, and job satisfaction can increase the loyalty of accounting lecturers. Our findings are expected to contribute to higher education leaders in taking long-term strategic policies through increasing financial management transparency, and continuing education. Through the level of lecturer satisfaction will trigger loyalty as a force in achieving the vision and mission of the university.
NADİR ŞAH’IN CAFERİLİĞİN V. MEZHEP ŞARTININ KARAHİSAR-I SAHİP SANCAĞINDAKİ YANSIMALARI (1736-1746)
Authors: ÇELİK Soner
Published: February 2023

Gerek İslam öncesinde gerek İslamiyet’in kabulünden sonra Türkler bulundukları coğrafyada bazı roller üstlenmişler ve bulundukları bölgelerde etkin bir şekilde teşkilatlanarak devlet kurmayı başarmışlardır. Bu durum geniş bir coğrafyada Türk devletlerinin teşekkül etmesine neden olmuştur. Ancak söz konusu durum Türk hanedanlıkları arasında bazen siyasi buhranların yaşanmasına sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu da aralarında çekişmelerin yaşanmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çekişmeler siyasi, dini (mezhepsel) ve ticari nedenlerden dolayı meydana gelmiştir. İşbu çalışmada ele aldığımız konu Osmanlı ve Safevi Devleti’nin son döneminde ile Avşar Nadir Şah’ın iktidarı döneminde meydana gelen savaş ve barış anlaşmalarına konu edinilen Nadir Şah tarafından şart olarak belirtilen mezhep tartışmalarıdır. Nadir Şah’ın Safevilerin varlığına son verip Avşarlar Hanedanlığının başına geçmesi ile bu tartışmalar ve savaşlar yeniden başlamış ve çevredeki Sünni devletlerin yönetimlerince kabul görme ye daha ılımlı ve yakın olduğu düşünülen Caferiliğin 5. Mezhep olarak Mescid-i Haramda “rükn” ya da imam bulundurması ve ayrı bir Emir-i hac bulundurması ekseninde yeniden gündeme gelmiştir. Bu süreç Nadir Şah’ın ölümüne kadar da devam etmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin hilafet makamını temsili, Haremeyn bölgesini yönetiyor olmasından barış şartı olarak ileri sürülmüştür. Ancak Osmanlı Devleti’nin gerek siyasi nedenler ve gerekse Sünni eksenli iktidar ve devlet anlayışı ile yönetilmesi nedeni ile bu istekler çeşitli nedenlerle tepkiyle karşılanmış ancak kendi mevcut etnik ve dini yapısı nedeni ile de meseleyi müzakere etmeyi tercih etmiştir. Üzerinde mutabık kalınan maddeler karşılıklı olarak hemen uygulamaya konulmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti arşiv belgelerine yansıyan bu durumun bir örneği de Karahisar-ı Sahip (Afyon Karahisar) sancağı şeriʻyye sicillerine yansımıştır. Karahisar-ı sahip şeriʻyye sicillerine yansıyan belgeler ferman suretleri, emr-i âlî suretleri, buyruldu suretleri ve kadı hükümleridir. Karahisar-ı Sahip kadısının görevi gereği bu belgelerde geçen her bir emri uygulama makamı olarak uyguladığı düşünüldüğünde bu belgelerin önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Diğer bir nokta ise şehrin hac güzergahında olması ve buna dair organizasyonlarda önemli görevler icra eden edilmesidir. Bu belgelerin geçtiği dönemde şehirde iktisadi olarak dış ticaret, sosyolojik olarak da esir ve kölelerin bulunduğunu göstermesi bakımından dikkat çekicidir.
Non-Proliferasi: Problematika Hukum Penggunaan Tenaga Nuklir pada Kapal Selam Militer
Authors: Mainaldi Billy
Published: February 2023

Artikel ini membuktikan bahwa pakta AUKUS telah melanggar Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968 (NPT). Pakta AUKUS merupakan perjanjian kerjasama antara Australia, Inggris, dan Amerika Serikat dalam pengembangan teknologi dalam bidang pertahanan, termasuk didalamnya transfer teknologi kapal selam bertenaga nuklir. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan sumber utama adalah bahan hukum yang berisi aturan-aturan yang bersifat hukum normatif, serta menggunakan pendekatan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statuta approch), yang mana didalam penelitian ini penulis akan mengkaji Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) dan Australia-United Kingdom-United States Partnership (AUKUS). Dalam pembahasan, ditemukan bahwa negara pihak pakta AUKUS telah melakukan pelanggaran terhadap NPT, hal ini dibuktikan adanya transfer teknologi kapal selam bertenaga nuklir dengan penggunaan uranium tingkat tinggi pada kisaran 93-97,3 %. Sedangkan penggunaan uranium diatas 90% dapat dikategorikan tingkat senjata. Oleh karena itu, tindakan negara pihak pakta AUKUS telah melanggar pasal 1 dan 2 NPT, dimana Nuclear Weapon States (NWS) dan Non-Nuclear Weapon States (NNWS) dilarang untuk melakukan transfer maupun menerima transfer teknologi senjata nuklir dalam bentuk apapun. Untuk itu, artikel ini menyarakan untuk memberikan penambahan klausul sanksi pada NPT serta revisi terhadap pasal 10 NPT. penambahan sanksi dan revisi pasal 10 diperlukan untuk memperkuat komitmen bersama negara-negera pihak NPT dalam melakukan proliferasi senjata nuklir.
Tradisi Grindadrap: Pelanggaran Hukum Internasional Berkedok Indigenous People?
Authors: Tutuarima Meylin , Anwar Arman , Wattimena J.A.Y
Published: February 2023

Lumba-lumba merupakan satwa yang dilindungi keberadaanya, namun dalam kenyataanya masih ditemukan perburuan lumba-lumba di beberapa negara, salah satunya di Kepulaun Faroe karena tradisi di negara ini yang dinamakan Grindadrap, sehingga perlindungan lumba-lumba menjadi isu hukum internasional yang mendapat banyak perhatian internasional semenjak masalah terbunuhnya 1.428. Keberadaan tradisi grindadrap ini dianggap merupakan pelanggaran terhadap International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling yang berlaku walaupun dalam hukum nasional merupakan hal yang legal. Oleh karena itu, problem ini menjadi hal yang kompleks untuk dibahas dengan menggunakan pengkajian dan analisa menggunakan sumber bahan hukum tertulis yang ada dengan melakukan pengembangan dalam pola pikir yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan. Setelah melakukan penelitian, penulis berkesimpulan bahwa  walaupun kedudukan tradisi grindadrap dalam ranah hukum nasional merupakan bagian dari hak masyarakat hukum adat untuk terus menjalankan tradisinya (Indigenous People) tetapi dalam ranah internasional tradisi ini sudah tidak berjalan sesuai dengan aturan yang ada, karena sudah mulai melenceng dari tujuan utamanya yang awalnya untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan masyarakatnya berubah menjadi kebutuhan komersial dan ajang olahraga sehingga adanya Violation of Law dalam ranah internasional  atas International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. Sehingga Denmark memiliki tanggung jawab dalam mempertanggung jawabkan pelanggaran ini
Sumideros naturales de carbono: un estudio de caso en morichales de la altillanura colombiana
Authors: Orozco-Hueje Daniela , Barreto-Rojas Diana Milena , Trujillo González Juan Manuel , Silva-Parra Amanda , Serrano-Gómez Marlon , Castillo-Monroy Edgar Fernando , Torres-Mora Marco Aurelio
Published: February 2023

Contextualización: los morichales son ecosistemas estratégicos porque almacenan una gran cantidad de carbono orgánico, contribuyen a la mitigación de gases de efecto invernadero y a la mitigación del cambio climático.
Vacío de la investigación: la estimación de las reservas de carbono en ecosistemas de morichal no se han estudiado en la Orinoquía colombiana.
Propósito: el objetivo de este estudio fue estimar las reservas de carbono en biomasa, necromasa y suelo de un morichal conservado de la altillanura colombiana.
Metodología: se muestrearon tres sectores con diferente etapa fenológica predominante: palmas senescentes, adultas y juveniles, y en cada sector se establecieron dos transectos, los cuales se dividieron en dos subparcelas [interior y ecotono]. Para la medición de la biomasa aérea se midieron individuos de M. flexuosa con diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) >10 cm y especies arbóreas y arbustivas con DAP>2,5 cm; en el ecotono se incluyeron las pasturas.
La necromasa se evaluó considerando la caída, la que se mantiene en pie y la particulada. En ambos compartimientos se aplicaron ecuaciones alométricas y se multiplicaron por el factor de carbono. Las reservas de carbono orgánico en el suelo se estimaron en dos profundidades [0,0 – 0,30 m y 0,30 – 0,60m].
Resultados y conclusiones: los resultados muestran que la reserva de carbono en un morichal conservado de la altillanura colombiana alcanza los 590,8 Mg C/ha. El suelo presentó la más alta contribución con 436,5 Mg C/ha  [74 % del total], seguido por la biomasa y necromasa [119,4 y 35,0 Mg C/ha], 20 y 6 % del total, respectivamente. Estos resultados muestran el papel fundamental de los ecosistemas de morichal como sumideros de carbono y su importancia para la mitigación del cambio climático, además de proveer otros beneficios ambientales para las comunidades.