bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Health In Pediatric Heart Transplant Patients
Authors: Bogle Carmel , Perak Amanda M. , Wilkens Sarah J. , Aljiffry Alaa , Rychlik Karen , Costello John M. , Jones Donald Lloyd , Pahl Elfriede
Published: March 2021

Background
Ideal “cardiovascular health” (CVH)–optimal diet, exercise, nonsmoking, BMI, BP, lipids, and glucose—is associated with healthy longevity in adults. Pediatric heart transplant (HT) patients may be at risk for suboptimal CVH.
Methods
Single-center retrospective study of HT patients 2003–2014 who survived 1 year post-transplant. Five CVH metrics were collected at listing, 1, 3 and 5 years post-transplant (diet and exercise were unavailable). CVH was scored by summing individual metrics: ideal = 2, intermediate = 1, and poor = 0 points; total scores of 8–10 points were considered high (favorable). CVH was compared between HT patients and the US pediatric population (GP) utilizing NHANES 2007–2016. Logistic regression was performed to examine the association of CVH 1 year post-transplant with a composite adverse outcome (death, re-listing, coronary vasculopathy, or chronic kidney disease) 3 years post-transplant.
Results
We included 110 HT patients (median age at HT: 6 years [range 0.1–21]) and 19,081 NHANES participants. CVH scores among HT patients were generally high at listing (75%), 1 (74%), 3 (87%) and 5 (76%) years post-transplant and similar to GP, but some metrics (e.g., glucose) were worse among HT patients. Among HT patients, CVH was poorer with older age and non-Caucasian race/ethnicity. Per 1-point higher CVH score, the demographic-adjusted OR for adverse outcomes was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.7–1.4).
Conclusions
HT patients had generally favorable CVH, but some metrics were unfavorable and CVH varied by age and race/ethnicity. No significant association was detected between CVH and adverse outcomes in this small sample, but study in a larger sample is warranted.
Overlapping of independent SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial transmissions in a complex outbreak
Authors: Pérez-Lago Laura , Lozano Helena Martinez , Diaz Jose Antonio pajares , Gomez Arantxa Diaz , Machado Marina , Sola-Campoy Pedro J , Herranz Marta , valerio Maricela , Cubo Victor Quesada , Ruiz Maria del Mar Gomez , Fresneña Nieves Lopez , Arcilla Ignacio Sanchez , Comas Iñaki , Candelas Fernando Gonzalez , Jose sonia García de San , Bañares rafael , Catalán Pilar , Muñoz Patricia , de Viedma Darío García
Published: March 2021

SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial outbreaks in the first COVID-19 wave were likely associated to a shortage of personal protective equipment and scare indications on control measures. Having covered these limitations, updates on current SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial outbreaks are required. We carried out an in-depth analysis of a 27-day nosocomial outbreak in a gastroenterology ward in our hospital, potentially involving 15 patients and three healthcare workers. Patients had stayed in one of three neighbouring rooms in the ward. The severity of the infections in six of the cases and a high fatality rate suggested the possible involvement of a single virulent strain persisting in those rooms. Whole genome sequencing of the strains from 12 patients and one healthcare worker revealed an unexpected complexity. Five different SARS-CoV-2 strains were identified, two infecting a single patient each, ruling out their relationship with the outbreak; the remaining three strains were involved in three independent overlapping limited transmission clusters with three, three, and five cases. Whole genome sequencing was key to understand the complexity of this outbreak.
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce a robust germinal centre reaction in humans
Authors: Ellebedy Ali , Turner Jackson , O'Halloran Jane , Kalaidina Elizaveta , Kim Wooseob , Schmitz Aaron , Lei Tingting , Thapa Mahima , Chen Rita , Case James , Amanat Fatima , Rauseo Adriana , Haile Alem , Klebert Michael , Suessen Teresa , Middleton William , Krammer Florian , Teefey Sharlene , Diamond Michael , Presti Rachel , Xie Xuping , Shi Pei-Yong
Published: March 2021

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines are ~95% effective in preventing coronavirus disease 2019. However, the dynamics of antibody secreting plasmablasts (PBs) and germinal centre (GC) B cells induced by these vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 naïve and antigen-experienced humans remains unclear. Here we examined peripheral blood and/or lymph node (LN) antigen-specific B cell responses in 32 individuals who received two doses of BNT162b2, an mRNA-based vaccine encoding the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) gene. Circulating IgG- and IgA-secreting PBs targeting the S protein peaked one week after the second immunization then declined and were undetectable three weeks later. PB responses coincided with maximal levels of serum anti-S binding and neutralizing antibodies to a historical strain as well as emerging variants, especially in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, who produced the most robust serological responses. Fine needle aspirates of draining axillary LNs identified GC B cells that bind S protein in all participants sampled after primary immunization. GC responses increased after boosting and were detectable in two distinct LNs in several participants. Remarkably, high frequencies of S-binding GC B cells and PBs were maintained in draining LNs for up to seven weeks after first immunization, with a substantial fraction of the PB pool class-switched to IgA. GC B cell-derived monoclonal antibodies predominantly targeted the RBD, with fewer clones binding to the N-terminal domain or shared epitopes within the S proteins of human betacoronaviruses OC43 and HKU1. Our studies demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccination of humans induces a robust and persistent GC B cell response that engages pre-existing as well as new B cell clones, which enables generation of high-affinity, broad, and durable humoral immunity.
Energy system analytics and good governance -U4RIA goals of Energy Modelling for Policy Support
Authors: Howells Mark , Quiros-Tortos Jairo , Morrison Robbie , Rogner Holger , Niet Taco , Petrarulo Luca , Usher Will , Blyth William , Godínez Guido , Victor Luis F. , Angulo Jam , Bock Franziska , Ramos Eunice , Gardumi Francesco , Hülk Ludwig , Van-Hove Patrick , Peteves Estathios , Leon Felipe de , Meza Andrea , Alfstad Thomas , Taliotis Constantinos , Partasides George , Lindblad Nicolina , Stewart Benjamin , Shrestha Ashish , Rysankova Dana , Vogt-Schilb Adrien , Bataille Chris , Waisman Henri , Miketa Asami , Carvajal Pablo , Russo Daniel , Bazilian Morgan , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Tot Mario , Tompkins Adrian
Published: March 2021

Energy modelling is the process of using mathematical models to develop abstractions and then seek insights into future energy systems. It can be an abstract academic activity. Or, it can insert threads that influence our development. We argue therefore, that energy modelling that provides policy support (EMoPS) should not only be grounded in rigorous analytics, but also in good governance principles. As, together with other policy actions, it should be accountable. Almost all aspects of society and much of its impact on the environment are influenced by our use of energy. In this context, EMoPS can inspire, motivate, calibrate, and ‘post assess’ energy policy. But, such modeling is often undertaken by too few analysts under time and resource pressure. Building on the advances of ‘class leaders’, we propose that EMoPS should reach for practical goals — including engagement and accountability with the communities it involves, and those it will later affect. (We use the term Ubuntu, meaning ‘I am because you are’ to capture this interdependency). We argue that Ubuntu, together with retrievability, repeatability, reconstructability, interoperability and auditability (U4RIA) of EMoPS should be used to signal the beginnings of a new default practice. We demonstrate how the U4RIA principles can contribute in practice using recent modelling of aspirational energy futures by Costa Rica as a case study. This modelling effort includes community involvement and interfaces and integrates stakeholder involvement. It leaves a trail that allows for its auditing and accountability, while building capacity and sustainable institutional memory.
Outlining the Offshore Marine Environment and Mammal Habitation with the Changing Climate: the case of Ghana’s waters
Authors: Sackey Anthony Djaba , Lamptey Benjamin Lantei , Ofori-Danson Patrick
Published: March 2021

Understanding environmental baseline parameters within Gulf of Guinea offshore areas— as relevant delineating conditions favourably ensuring the survival of marine life bounded within was examined against environmental baseline surveys (EBS) conducted during the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) by licensed oil and gas operators of the region. The case of the EBS within Ghana’s western basin is mainly because offshore marine habitation over a decade has seen a rise in anthropogenic activities. Current concerns span pollution, over-exploitation of natural resources, air emissions, growing anthropogenic activity, and climate change. A series of samplings were taking at essential offshore and coastal facility locations to investigate baseline ocean environment; understand the nature of ecology and identify issues of vulnerabilities that could ensure destructive tendencies. The paper observes EBS conditions were consistent with findings of EIAs. The tropical nature of the region meant high radiation influx from the sun— leading to the thermal insulation of the area. Temperatures recorded are a direct function of solar energy absorbed in the atmosphere –delimiting humidity over infrared wave outputs, atmospheric precipitations and occasional poor visibility. Absorbed heat energy in the ocean depicted a generalised thermocline at the surface. Several surfaces and underwater factors including wind influenced the salinity, and temperature along water-depth, sound velocity, and dissolved oxygen concentrations –useful to marine animals such as turtles, seagull, pilot whales, dolphins, and sharks; clustered along with various webs of the food chain. The main challenge to the environment was the concerns of growing anthropogenic activities, plastic pollution and oil spills from operations and possible blowouts.
Assessment of Socio-, Ecological and Economic Consequences of the Virtual Reality Eco-Tours Advancing
Authors: Goncharenko О.S. , Nikolayev S.О. , Myslovska М.S. , Pogodina V.V.
Published: March 2021

According to many experts, humanity is on the verge of transformational changes, which are characterized not only by changes in the way of management, but also by changes in the philosophy of human existence. This situation is especially noticeable during crises on a global scale. One such demonstration was the global socio-economic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic. It can already be argued that some areas of the information technology industry are experiencing an extremely rapid pace of development, including virtual reality technology. This is especially true against the background of information that one of the negative consequences of the pandemic is an increase in cases of psychological tension in society as a whole and in individuals due to limited physical movement of people. Therefore, the aim of this article was to study the prospects of implementing virtual reality technologies in the tourism business environment based on the identification and justification of possible positive and negative socio-environmental and economic results due to the development of this type of business at the regional level. The idea is to use virtual reality technologies to create a commercial product - "green" tourist tours in Sumy region (Ukraine), the essence of which is to enable tourists from anywhere in the world to virtually visit certain natural and landscape areas of Sumy region. The emphasis is not only on visiting historical architectural monuments, museums, but also on using the recreational potential of natural objects. For example, kayaking on the river Psel, hiking in Spadschansky forests, fishing on the Blue Lakes in Sumy, hunting animals, picking mushrooms, sports tours: running, skiing in the woods near the village. Turners. Thus, the creation of eco-tours of virtual reality can be considered appropriate, because for both internal and external stakeholders, this type of activity is more positive than negative: for employees, the creative component of labor grows, the preconditions are created to increase wages; for consumers, the risks during the trip are reduced, the associated costs disappear, there are more options and opportunities for development; for the region, this type of activity guarantees environmental friendliness and greater interest due to the virtual reality tour in the area.
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Dynamics of Labor Emigration: Case-Study of Ukraine
Authors: Duranowski W. , Petrushenko Yu.M. , Vorontsova A.S. , Barvinok V.Yu.
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the results of foreign and domestic scientists in the field of labor migration and the factors of this phenomenon. Based on previous researches, factors have been grouped into four main categories, which include all areas of life of existing and potential migrants, such as economic and political, social and climatic. Labor migration is constantly growing. Thus, according to the UN estimates, the number of migrant workers in the world in 2019 amounted to 272 million people, ie 3.5 % of the population, compared to 2010, the figure increased by 56.25 %. Such significant migration movements lead to a global imbalance in the labor market. This proves that the study of this type of migration as labor is relevant, especially the study of the factors that cause migratory flows. The situation in Ukraine, along with world indicators, has a positive trend compared to previous years. Data from the State Statistics Service show an increase in labor migration by 44.4 % between 2016 and 2019. The UN report estimates 5 million people in 2019 who found a job abroad and recognizes Ukraine as one of the leaders in the number of emigrants. This has led to significant losses of human capital (including “brain drain”). Thus, in 2019, Ukraine’s losses from emigrants, including scientists and highly qualified specialists, are estimated at more than 1 billion dollars. Among the donor countries of Ukrainian migrants, the leaders are Poland, EU countries and Russia. This is mainly due to geographical factors and a higher economic level of development of states, compared to Ukraine. The article will also analyze the main factors identified by the state as key in labor flows based on the Labor Flow Management Strategy for 2025, approved in 2019. In the course of the analysis of this strategy, the basic methods of struggle of the state from the viewpoint of the power were defined. Thus, wages and political instability have been identified as key factors that negatively affect migration. Based on the obtained results, recommendations were developed for a more effective settlement of labor emigration issues in Ukraine.
Personnel Component in Support Anti-crisis Resilience of Business Entities
Authors: Kovshun N.E. , Kostrychenko V.M.
Published: March 2021

The paper studies approach to the interpretation of the essence of anti-crisis resilience of business entities and its functional components. The expediency of evaluating crisis resilience because of an integrated approach and taking into account the principles of forming a balanced scorecard is shown. Personnel and staff stability are considered in details which is the ability of the business entity to maintain the flexibility of the management system; reflects its availability of highly qualified personnel, contributes to low staff turnover, reflects the level of motivation of employees. It is proved that taking into account the aspect of the personnel component in the evaluation of the results of the business entity allows to carry out operational activities in accordance with its business strategy. The method of assessing human resources through such indicators as innovation, training, intellectual assets is considered. The list of relevant indicators is determined and the methods of their calculation are shown. Because of real data of the state enterprise “Amber of Ukrain” the approbation of the offered algorithm of an estimation of anti-crisis stability of business entities is carried out. In the process of research assessment was carried out in the context of four forecasts on the following functional components as finance (financial component), clients (marketing component), internal business processes (operational, investment and innovation components), training and staff development (management and information, personnel components)). According to the shaped system of evaluation indicators, standardized and balanced key (aggregated) indicators were calculated for each component of anti-crisis resilience. Based on the level of the overall integrated indicator of crisis resilience on the Harrington scale, the appropriate stage of the crisis process was established. Based on the obtained calculation results, an appropriate system of strategic goals and measures has been developed. It is proved the practical implementation of the system of balanced scores for setting current tasks for each department and employee, taking into account the strategic goals of the business entity.
Scientific Substantiation of Increase of Technical and Economic Efficiency of Use of Solar Energy
Authors: Melnyk L.Hr. , Matsenko O.I. , Tereshchenko V.S.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to finding ways to improve the efficiency of using solar panels. In the mainstream of increasing the economic efficiency of solar stations' operation, methods of reducing the cost of generating electricity based on solar energy are considered. The purpose of the article is to study ways of more efficient use of solar energy and compare the types of installation of photovoltaic converters. The study's main focus is on solar tracking systems, which give the best price/efficiency ratio for solar stations. In particular, the economic feasibility of using a biaxial tracking system for solar panels has been investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach are considered. The energy potential of solar radiation under terrestrial conditions is analyzed. A table of dependences of the angle of motion of the Sun in time for one light day for the conditions of the Sumy region was built. The maximum value of the intensity of solar radiation per year per 1 m2 is calculated. The graph of the average monthly electricity production was built. In the course of the work, an experiment was set up, within the framework of which four options for photoelectric converters' placement were calculated: with automatic guidance to the Sun; inclined type; vertical type; with a fixed angle. It has been established that for the city of Sumy a two-axis orientation system is most effective. According to the results of processing the experimental data, the system with the tracker provides almost 24% more power generation than the stationary installation option (fixed angle) of the photoelectric converter module. Energy organizations and enterprises can use the study results, authorities and other stakeholders in the field of alternative energy.
System of Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility Indicators of Enterprises for Managerial Decision-Making Taking the Needs of Stakeholders into Account
Authors: Smolennikov D.O. , Chortok Yu.V. , Bondar A.V.
Published: March 2021

In today's conditions of globalization, any advantages are important for every company in the competition for the consumer. One of them is the implementation of measures for social and environmental corporate responsibility of enterprises and taking into account its practice in forming the company's development strategy. The research examines the decision-making about implementation of corporate social and environmental responsibility in enterprises. Nowadays doing business on the principles of social and environmental responsibility is not only following current trends, but also an important component of the strategy to respond to new challenges. The set of measures and projects implemented by enterprises to protect the environment and improve the quality of life of the population is usually demanded and has a positive effect on the image of enterprises. At the same time, these actions do not always meet the real needs of stakeholders. There is a need to take into account the interests of stakeholders that became the basis for the idea to develop a simple and user-friendly system of corporate social and environmental responsibility indicators. The purpose of the paper is to form scientific and methodological approaches to defining corporate social and environmental responsibility indicators, which take into account the needs of major groups of stakeholders, and form a common vision towards formulating enterprise development strategy and contribute to effective managerial decision-making in solving social, economic and environmental issues. As a result of the study, a computer program CSLinked was developed, which allows to analyze indicators of enterprises social and environmental corporate responsibility taking into account the needs of stakeholders and provides selfassessment of the company in three groups of indicators – economic, social and environmental.
Comparison of Ukraine and the EU on Key Indicators of a Healthy Economy
Authors: Saher L.Yu. , Letunovska N.Ye. , Nazarenko A.P.
Published: March 2021

Modern approaches to economic management are based on sustainable development principles, which ensure the balance between economic, environmental, and social targets of public policy, balancing society's current and future interests. The mechanism for achieving the target values of sustainable development indicators is the formation of a healthy economy. A healthy economy provides opportunities for stable growth and minimizes social risks caused by economic problems. The importance of forming a healthy economy is confirmed by a significant amount of research on this topic in developed countries, particularly the European Union. The Ukrainian scientific community ignores this issue. That indicates different economic management approaches, identifying priorities for its development, coordinating economic and social, strategic, and tactical goals. The paper presents a comparative analysis of key indicators that determine a healthy economy. Such indicators include GDP, employment, and inflation. According to numerous studies, these indicators are the most indicative in assessing the economic system to determine whether it can be considered healthy. As a result of the study, significant differences in Ukraine and the European Union's studied indicators were revealed. Based on statistical information, a steady upward trend in key indicators of socioeconomic development in the European Union has been established. Instead, similar indicators in Ukraine indicate economic instability, which has a significant negative impact on the country's further development and the prospects for a healthy economy. Thus, the analysis allows us to conclude that the European Union's economy generally meets the definition of a healthy economy and creates the conditions for sustainable development of the European Union. Instead, Ukraine's economy is focused on solving tactical problems and cannot solve socio-economic development's strategic tasks.
Public-Private Partnership in the Investment Sphere
Authors: Hrytsenko L.L. , Tverezovska O.I.
Published: March 2021

With reference of crisis’s deepening processes at the present stage of national economy’s development there is emerge a reduction in investment by both the private sector and public institutions. At the same time, one of the important components of creating a favorable climate for Ukraine’s economic growth is the development of infrastructure. Up today a set of problems related to the fixed assets` obsolescence in almost all areas of economic activity, physical and moral deterioration of equipment, lack of investment in infrastructure, lack of budget funding for infrastructure investment and innovation projects, etc. Consequently, there is a need to find qualitatively new tools and mechanisms for investment development of Ukraine’s economy, also forms and methods of investment interaction between the state and business based on public-private partnership (hereinafter – PPP). The effective interaction between the state and the private sector in PPP together with well-organized risk management system will allow investing in the development of production capacity, accelerate industrial growth, expand domestic and foreign markets, improve the quality of goods, works and services, improve public services, improve investment attractiveness and business activity. The research in the article is devoted to public-private partnership, which arises as a result of partnership between the state and business. PPP today is one of the qualitatively new tool and mechanism for investment development of Ukraine's economy. The world practice of PPP projects’ application, their most widespread types in different countries is investigated in the work. At present PPP is quite widely, especially in Europe, in the implementation of socio-economic tasks, such as ensuring effective governance in the field of PPP, reducing burden on the budget, strengthening the social responsibility of business, improving the quality of life of the country`s population, etc.
Human Potential in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Issues of Inequality and Fulfillment Efficiency
Authors: Shaulska L.V. , Tomchuk O.V.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on human potential in the context of overcoming social inequality and ensuring its optimal fulfillment in the face of unexpected and unpredictable threats. The nature of the pandemic impact on economic and social sphere, as well as the most vulnerable areas of the human potential formation and development has been studied. The degree of social inequality influence on the level of social and economic systems of different levels vulnerability, the role of human development indicators in the ability to respond quickly to pandemic threats, to ensure required level of security, and availability of necessary benefits has been defined. It is substantiated that lower levels of human development increase social inequality, deepen problems and crises, neutralize efforts to overcome and prevent the spread of threats, and erroneous decisions and ineffective short-term measures can have a devastating impact in the strategic perspective. Determinants influencing the degree of social and economic systems readiness to respond objectively to the challenges of the pandemic, overcome spatial and social constraints, ensure the continuity of formation and effective fulfillment of human potential are identified. The study revealed necessity to restructure strategic planning of cities as the main centers of human development, which play a critical role in the system for preventing the spread of pandemic threats and are able to maximize economic and social resources to develop effective solutions and consolidate society's efforts in the face of future pandemic risks. The main directions to improve long-term urban planning in order to prevent manifestations of inequality, to ensure quality conditions for building, preservation, development and effective fulfillment of human potential are outlined.
An Ecological Perspective on Reading Development: a Theoretical Framework to Guide Empirical Research
Authors: Nadori Neirouz
Published: March 2021

Recent efforts have addressed the new challenges related to conceptualizing, understanding and improving reading competency. Several literacy researchers have perceived reading as a developmental skill that is not situated exclusively within student’s cognition, or within family processes, or within classroom or school processes. Rather, reading development has been viewed as a result of the dynamic interaction among reader, family, classroom, and school system (Jaeger, 2017). Following on from this, systems theory approach and more specifically the ecological model allows for the examination of reading skill development from a holistic perspective. It provides an inclusive frame for describing and explaining how the educational opportunities are distributed at the micro, meso, exo, and macro systems and how these systems interact to explain students’ reading differences amon. It also delineates how developing readers’ individual characteristics transact with both proximal and distal processes to craft their reading ecologies. Future policy, practice and research are recommended to be based on the ecological model premises to have a comprehensive view of reading development.
Morphosyntactic Analysis of Political News on Online Tempo
Authors: Nurdiani Pertiwi Rini , Fauzan Umar
Published: March 2021

Morphology and Syntax are very important studies in learning English. Morphology learns about how the words are structured and how they are put together from smaller part. It can be considered as the grammar of words. Meanwhile, Syntax discusses how the sentence is structured. The objectives of the research are to find out inflectional morphemes, derivational morphemes, and the patterns of clause structure which are found in political news on online Tempo in January 2019. This research used qualitative design and content analysis design where the source of data was article political news on Online Tempo in January, 2019. The major instrument of this research is the researchers themselves because they actively obtained and clustered the data and the secondary data was data sheet. The findings revealed three types of morphosyntactic, firstly, the researchers found 5 patterns of inflectional morpheme with 26 words. The most dominant pattern of inflectional morpheme was singular changing to the plural. Secondly, for derivational morpheme, it identified two types  of classes including class-changing and class-mantaining. There were 3 patterns with 10 words in class-changing and 1 pattern with 1 word in class-mantaining. The study also showed that the common pattern of derivational morpheme was class-changing pattern (verb to noun). Thirdly, there were 7 patterns with 15 clauses that were used in political news. The result of this study proved that the dominant pattern of clause structure was S-V- to Infinitive pattern with 4 clauses.
Influence of Amino Acid Substitutions in a Recombinant Cow Chymosin Molecule on the Dependence of its Coagulation Activity on the Concentration of Calcium Chloride in Milk
Authors: Mironova A.V. , Pushkarev V.A. , Afanasieva J.G. , Shcherbakov D.N. , Rudometov A.P. , Elchaninov V.V.
Published: March 2021

The influence of substitutions of amino acids involved in the formation of salt bridges on the cow chymosin technological properties has been studied. It was shown that point amino acid mutations Asp198→Lys, Asp156→Val and their combination decrease the sensitivity of coagulation activity of engineering recombinant chymosins to change in the concentration of calcium chloride in milk in the range of 1-5 mM. The found effect is a positive technological evidence in terms of cheese making, since it allows varying the content of calcium chloride added to the milk mixture without a threat of significant changes in the undesired proteolytic activity of used milk-clotting enzyme.

recombinant chymosin, technological properties, amino acid substitutions, milk-clotting activity, concentration of calcium chloride.

The work was performed within the framework of the state task of the Ministry of science and higher education of the Russian Federation (topic number fzmw-2020-0002, "Development of recombinant enzyme producers for cheese making").
HYPOXIC ADAPTATION AND TRAINING: HISTORIC, BIOMEDICAL AND SPORT ASPECTS
Authors:   Pavlov Institute of Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, Zenko M.Yu. , Rybnikova Е.А. ,   Pavlov Institute of Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: March 2021

The review outlines the milestones in studying the processes of human adaptation to hypoxia, and hypoxic training applications in medicine and sports. Contribution of the Russian science to these investigations is disclosed and literary data on the mechanisms of hypoxic adaptation, models and effectiveness of hypoxic training are summarized. The paper is concluded by discussion of hypoxic training potential in high achievements sports.
МИССИЯ «ЭКЗОМАРС-2020». ВЫБОР ЭФФЕКТИВНЫХ ДЕЗИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ СРЕДСТВ
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Deshevaya Е.А. , Fialkina S.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Polianskaya A.B. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Novikova N.D. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Khamidullina N.M. ,   Lavochkin Association, Khimki, Moscow Region, Zakharenko D.V. ,   Lavochkin Association, Khimki, Moscow Region, Sychev V.N. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: March 2021

The paper reports testing and selection of appropriate disinfectants against the entire spectrum of bacteria and fungi detected in clean assembly rooms of organizations cooperating in the ExoMars-2020 project. As a result, we chose and recommended two agents to be used for decontamination of assembly room interiors, namely EKOR (Novodez, Russia) and Litosanit (Satellit, Russia).
Aprendizagem histórica e novo humanismo: as ideias históricas dos jovens a partir da leitura dos quadrinhos de “Os Miseráveis”
Authors: Martins Giovana Maria Carvalho , Cainelli Marlene Rosa
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo, apresentamos parte das discussões desenvolvidas ao longo do mestrado em Educação na Universidade Estadual de Londrina, defendido em 2019. O trabalho desenvolvido no mestrado se debruçou sobre o uso de uma versão em quadrinhos da obra “Os Miseráveis”, de Victor Hugo (o livro foi publicado originalmente em 1862), com o objetivo de discutir com jovens estudantes do nono ano de uma escola pública localizada em Londrina, Paraná, sobre problemas sociais e sobre o Novo Humanismo de Rüsen (2012; 2015). Para isto, desenvolvemos aulas-oficina (BARCA, 2004) que tinham o objetivo de, tornando o aluno o protagonista do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, levá-lo à reflexão sobre questões relacionadas a problemas sociais e ao humanismo. Nestas aulas-oficina, realizamos uma roda de conversa, além da produção uma narrativa sobre esta roda e de uma história em quadrinhos que abordasse o tema problemas sociais. Neste artigo, trabalhamos com as HQs produzidas pelos alunos, apresentando as discussões realizadas sobre o tema e as análises desenvolvidas na dissertação a partir da produção dos alunos. Nosso objetivo foi verificar a possibilidade de os jovens estudantes gerarem um sentido de orientação temporal por meio dos valores e ideias do novo humanismo e da defesa da dignidade humana a partir da leitura de “Os Miseráveis” em quadrinhos.
Potencialidades do Scratch na Educação Básica
Authors: Lima Ivonaldo Pereira de , Ferrete Anne Alilma Silva Souza , Vasconcelos Alana Danielly
Published: March 2021

O estudo apresentado mostra as possíveis potencialidades do Scratch usado em sala de aula, nos Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental, no município de Igaci-AL. Este trabalho é de natureza qualitativa, e a abordagem é descritiva e exploratória, conforme Richardson (2009), complementado com o trabalho de campo. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário semiestruturado, tendo como participantes da pesquisa quatro professores da Rede de Ensino de Igaci que fazem uso do Scratch em sala de aula. Para a análise dos dados, tomou-se como referência a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2016), que nos permitiu entender que, através do software Scratch, o estudante desenvolve capacidade de solucionar problemas pré-existentes ou que venham a surgir no decorrer do processo. Os resultados levantados, nesta pesquisa, também apontam que, quando se trabalha com esse software, o estudante se torna o autor de seus materiais de estudo, pois, é uma ferramenta que possibilita a criatividade e o desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico na tentativa de encontrar respostas para as diversas situações encontradas.
O programa institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) como fundante na práxis pedagógica
Authors: Sousa Raimunda Aurea Dias de , Gomes Francielma de Souza
Published: March 2021

A articulação teoria e prática ocorre no momento em que o futuro professor dispõe tanto de um contato com a realidade das escolas como de embasamentos teóricos que possibilitem reflexões que resultarão em atitudes críticas frente a essa realidade, ou seja, refletir sobre as ações de seu cotidiano permite a sua reelaboração e compreensão por meio de uma situação concreta. Assim, objetiva analisar o Programa Institucional de Bolsa e Iniciação à Docência - PIBID como fundante na articulação entre teoria e prática para que nas licenciaturas, especialmente em geografia, não sejam separadas e distantes da realidade, mas práxis pedagógicas na formação de professores. Com toda a contradição das políticas e reformas para educação no Brasil, o PIBID, ao ser inserido nas licenciaturas, contribuía na articulação entre universidade e escola na transformação dos sujeitos.
Ensino remoto na educação superior: impactos na formação inicial docente
Authors: Silva Joselma , Goulart Ilsa do Carmo Vieira , Cabral Giovanna Rodrigues
Published: March 2021

Ao apontar situações sociais que impactam no campo educacional, emergem inquietações acerca de ações decorrentes de medidas de prevenção da pandemia causada pela Covid-19. Nessa direção, este artigo objetiva refletir sobre as percepções de estudantes do curso de Pedagogia, da Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais, a partir da experiência do ensino remoto, verificando impactos no processo de formação inicial dos estudantes. A reflexão teórica parte de diferentes legislações sobre o ensino remoto; distinção entre ensino remoto e educação a distância; o uso das tecnologias e a pandemia do Covid-19. O estudo destaca percepções em relação aos modos de organização pessoal do tempo, do processo de autonomia de estudos, de habilidades de uso de recursos digitais ou da inviabilidade de acesso à rede de internet, o que gerou impactos no processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes e nos modos de relação com os diferentes contextos formativos.
Exploring Prognostic Signatures of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the
Potential Implications in Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Chen Hongxu , Jiang Zhijing , Yang Bingshi , Yan Guiling , Wang Xiaochen , Zang Shuning
Published: March 2021

Objective:

The objective of this study is to construct a prognostic model using genetic markers of liver cancer and explore the signature genes associated with the tumor immune microenviroment.

Methods:

Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was carried out to screen the significant HR using dataset of TCGA Liver Cancer (LIHC) gene expression data, then LASSO (Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) was performed to select the minimal variables with significant HR of genes. Thus, the prognostic model was constructed by the minimal variables with their HR and time-dependent receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC) value used to assess the prognostic performance. Then dividing the patients into high and low risk groups by the median of the model, survival analysis was performed by two groups with testing and independent dataset. Furthermore, enrichment analysis of signature mRNAs and lncRNAs and their co-expression genes were performed, then, spearman rank correlation used to calculate the correlation between immune cells and genes in the prognostic model, and testing abundance difference of the immune cells in high and low risks groups.

Results:

A total of 5989 genes with significant HR were identified, then 6 key genes (three mRNAs: DHX37, SMIM7 and MFSD1, three lncRNAs: PIWIL4, KCNE5 and LOC100128398) screened by LASSO were used to construct the model with their HR value respectively. The AUC values of 1 and 5 year overall survival were 0.78 and 0.76 in discovery data and 0.67 and 0.68 in testing data. Survival analysis performed significantly in discriminating high and low groups with testing and independent data. Furthermore, many immune cells such as nTreg found a significant correlation with the genes in the prognostic model, and many immune cells show significantly different abundance in high and low risk groups.

Conclusion:

In the study, we used Univariate Cox analyses and LASSO algorithm with TCGA gene expression data to construct the prognostic model in liver cancer patients. And the prognostic model comprising three mRNAs including DHX37, SMIM7, MFSD1, and three lncRNAs including PIWIL4, KCNE5 and LOC100128398. Furthermore, these genes expression levels were associated with the abundance of some immune cells, such as nTreg. Also, many immune cells have significantly different abundance in high and low risk groups. All these results indicated combination with all these six genes could be the potential biomarker for the prognosis of liver cancer.
The Situation of Small Molecules Targeting Key Proteins in combatting
SARS-CoV-2: Synthesis, Metabolic Pathway, Mechanism of Action, and
Potential Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Sorouri Farzaneh , Emamgholipour Zahra , Keykhaee Maryam , Najafi Alireza , Firoozpour Loghman , Sabzevari Omid , Sharifzadeh Mohammad , Foroumadi Alireza , Khoobi Mehdi
Published: March 2021

Due to the high mortality rate of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic,
there is an immediate need to discover drugs that can help before a vaccine becomes available. Given
that the process of producing new drugs is so long, the strategy of repurposing existing drugs is one of
the promising options for the urgent treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19 disease. Although FDA has approved Remdesivir for
the use in hospitalized adults and pediatric patients suffering from COVID-19, no fully effective and
reliable drug has been yet identified worldwide to treat COVID-19 specifically. Thus, scientists are
still trying to find antivirals specific to COVID-19. This work reviews the chemical structure, metabolic
pathway, and mechanism of action of the existing drugs with potential therapeutic applications
for COVID-19. Furthermore, we summarized the molecular docking stimulation of the medications
related to key protein targets. These already established drugs could be further developed, and after
their testing through clinical trials, they could be used as suitable therapeutic options for patients suffering
from COVID-19.
Sexual Dysfunction in Men and Women with Diabetes: A Reflection of their Complications?
Authors: Sansone Andrea , Mollaioli Daniele , Ciocca Giacomo , Limoncin Erika , Colonnello Elena , Jannini Emmanuele A.
Published: March 2021

Background.:

Diabetes mellitus (DM), one of the worldwide leading causes of death, is
associated with a plethora of micro- and macro-vascular complications which should be carefully
investigated and, in case, treated in order to improve quality of life and reduce the risk of premature
mortality.

Objective:

The study aimed to investigate and report current evidence with regard to the association
between sexual dysfunction and diabetes.

Methods:

A detailed analysis of current literature has been performed on PubMed and Scholar in
order to retrieve the most relevant findings pertaining to the study topic.

Results:

Female and male sexual dysfunction often occurs in diabetes; while cardiovascular complications
are clearly involved, psychosexological factors, endocrine complications, and endothelial
dysfunction all contribute to the pathogenesis of sexual dysfunctions. Psychological symptoms are
seldom investigated, yet they should not be overlooked by the clinician; in fact, an interplay between
sexual dysfunctions and depressive symptoms has been reported, and beneficial effects in
both conditions might be obtained by adequate psychological support. Sexual dysfunctions can also
act as early biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, a phenomenon frequently reported in men, in
which erectile dysfunction predicts the development of coronary artery disease. Additionally, drug
therapies can act in both directions, with treatments for diabetes possibly improving male sexual
function and exerting beneficial effects for cardiovascular health being reported for pro-erectile
drugs.

Conclusion:

Sexual dysfunctions often occur in men and women with diabetes. Investigating micro-
and macro-vascular complications might not be enough to prevent the development or worsening
of any sexual dysfunction; endocrine and psychological assessments are therefore needed to
provide the best chances for adequate treatment.
Is it Possible to Estimate the Bioequivalence between Parenteral and Enteral
Formulations of Escin?
Authors: Gallelli Luca , Cione Erika , Zhang Leiming , Wang Tian
Published: March 2021

:

We suggest that enteral formulation of escin could be used instead of enteral formulation, if it is not available.
Precision Oncology, Signaling, and Anticancer Agents in Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Advani Dia , Sharma Sudhanshu , Kumari Smita , Ambasta Rashmi K. , Kumar Pravir
Published: March 2021

Background:

The global alliance for genomics and healthcare facilities provides innovative solutions to expedite research and clinical practices for complex and incurable health conditions. Precision oncology is an emerging field explicitly tailored to facilitate cancer diagnosis, prevention, and treatment based on patients’ genetic profiles. Advancements in “omics” techniques, next-generation sequencing, artificial intelligence, and clinical trial designs provide a platform for assessing the efficacy and safety of combination therapies and diagnostic procedures.

Method:

Data were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords “Precision medicine,” “precision medicine and cancer,” “anticancer agents in precision medicine,” and reviewed comprehensively.

Results:

Personalized therapeutics, including immunotherapy and cancer vaccines, serve as a groundbreaking solution for cancer treatment. Herein, we take a measurable view of precision therapies and novel diagnostic approaches targeting cancer treatment. The contemporary applications of precision medicine have also been described, along with various hurdles identified in the successful establishment of precision therapeutics.

Conclusion:

This review highlights the key breakthroughs related to immunotherapies, targeted anticancer agents, and target interventions related to cancer signaling mechanisms. The success story of this field in context to drug resistance, safety, patient survival, and improving quality of life is yet to be elucidated. We conclude that, in the near future, the field of individualized treatments may truly revolutionize the nature of cancer patient care.