bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FACILIDADES E DIFICULDADES NA REALIZAÇÃO DE VISITAS DOMICILIARES EM UM CENTRO DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL
Authors: Duarte Lourdes Custódio , Fernandes Marivana , Schmalfuss Joice Moreira
Published: November 2014

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as facilidades e dificuldades dos profissionais de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial do sul do Brasil na realização das visitas domiciliares. Trata-se de estudo com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido a partir de entrevistas semiestuturadas, em novembro de 2012, com nove profissionais que realizavam visitas domiciliares. A análise dos dados possibilitou a emergência de duas categorias: dificuldades enfrentadas pelos profissionais para a realização das visitas domiciliares; e facilidades para a realização das visitas domiciliares. Conclui-se sobre a importância de os gestores de saúde proporcionarem recursos materiais e humanos suficientes para atender às demandas das visitas domiciliares, além de possibilitarem formação para a realização desta estratégia de cuidado no domicílio. Dessa forma, sugere-se maior envolvimento de todos os atores neste processo de saúde, tendo em vista que isso qualificará o atendimento à população na área de saúde mental.
REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA SOBRE O PAPEL DO ENFERMEIRO NO PÓS-TRANSPLANTE RENAL
Authors: Souza da Silva Antônia Ecivânia , Pontes Ualison Oliveira , Genzini Tércio , Do Prado Patricia Rezende , Maciel Amaral Thatiana Lameira
Published: November 2014

O objetivo foi identificar o papel do enfermeiro no pós-transplante renal, evidenciando os principais cuidados a essa clientela. Para tanto, foi realizada revisão integrativa em setembro de 2013, tendo como fonte quatro bases de dados, usando os descritores: Transplante Renal, Assistência de enfermagem (processos, intervenções) e Pós-Transplante. Foram identificados 110 artigos dos quais 13 cumpriram os critérios de inclusão e foram separados em três categorias: Coordenação de Enfermagem; Assistência de Enfermagem; e Educação em Saúde. A literatura aponta a abrangência e importância da atuação da enfermagem na coordenação, assistência a cur to e longo prazo, ensino e pesquisa. A Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem mostrou ser de grande utilidade para subsidiar as intervenções de enfermagem e melhorar as respostas clínicas. Assim, são necessários mais estudos sobre a temática, principalmente sobre o aspecto educacional da atuação de enfermagem.
DIFICULDADES DA REDE DE SAÚDE MENTAL E AS REINTERNAÇÕES PSIQUIÁTRICAS: PROBLEMATIZANDO POSSÍVEIS RELAÇÕES
Authors: Ramos Déborah Karollyne Ribeiro , Guimarães Jacileide , Mesquita Simone Karine Da Costa
Published: November 2014

Objetivou-se identificar dificuldades existentes na rede de saúde mental no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil e problematizar possíveis relações entre essas e as reinternações psiquiátricas no estado. Realizou-se pesquisa exploratório-descritiva em abordagem qualitativa, cujo corpus originou-se da transcrição de entrevistas semiestruturadas, aplicadas a 20 trabalhadores de um hospital psiquiátrico de referência estadual, entre junho e agosto de 2011. Os resultados foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo temática. As categorias analisadas neste artigo foram: funcionamento inadequado dos serviços extra-hospitalares; dificuldade de acesso aos serviços substitutivos e a problemática da dependência química no contexto da atenção psicossocial. Conclui-se que as problemáticas evidenciadas se configuram como desafios contemporâneos para a saúde mental e expressam a necessidade de (re)visão da rede de saúde mental.
TRABALHO NA ESTRATÉGIA DA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA: IMPLICAÇÕES NAS CARGAS DE TRABALHO DE SEUS PROFISSIONAIS
Authors: Trindade Letícia De Lima , Pires de Pires Denise Elvira , Amestoy Simone Coelho , Novatzki Forte Elaine Cristina , Luz Machado Francele , Bordignon Maiara
Published: November 2014

Objetivou-se identificar aspectos do trabalho na Estratégia de Saúde da Família que contribuem para aumentar e/ou reduzir as cargas de trabalho dos profissionais. Participaram 11 profissionais de três equipes de Estratégia de Saúde da Família de um estado do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados, entre dezembro de 2010 e março de 2011, por meio de entrevistas individuais, grupo focal e estudo documental e analisados combinando a Análise Temática com recursos do softwareATLAS.ti. As principais fontes de aumento das cargas foram aspectos que impedem a implantação do modelo assistencial como preconizado; e de redução, a afinidade com o modelo assistencial, a autonomia da equipe e a garantia do emprego. Predominaram, no trabalho da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, fragilidades que repercutem negativamente na satisfação e na saúde dos profissionais, mas há possibilidades de intervenção para redução das cargas e qualificação da assistência, especialmente aquelas para melhorias das condições de trabalho.
QUALIDADE DA ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM NA TERAPIA INTRAVENOSA PERIFÉRICA: ANÁLISE POR INDICADORES
Authors: Breda Rodrigues de Souza Angela Elisa , Campos de Oliveira João Lucas , Costa Dias Denise , Lazzari Nicola Anair
Published: November 2014

Pesquisa de delineamento longitudinal com abordagem observacional e quantitativa que teve como objetivo analisar a qualidade da assistência de enfermagem na terapia intravenosa periférica, por meio dos indicadores incidência de flebite, qualidade da cobertura e validade dos cateteres intravenosos periféricos. Os dados foram coletados de outubro de 2012 a agosto de 2013, em três unidades de um hospital de ensino do Estado do Paraná-Brasil, utilizando formulário próprio. Foram avaliados 174 pacientes e 221 cateteres. Os resultados indicaram incidência de flebite entre 20% e 25,33%; a identificação e a validade dos acessos venosos foram classificadas, em sua maioria, como seguras e adequadas segundo análise do Índice de Positividade que classifica a atividade assistencial. Conclui-se que os indicadores avaliados podem ser interpretados, em sua maioria, como favoráveis à qualidade assistencial.
Effect of a BlpC-Based Quorum-Sensing Induction Peptide on Bacteriocin Production in Streptococcus thermophilus
Authors: Somkuti George A. , Renye J. A.
Published: November 2014

Bacteriocin synthesis in some Streptococcus thermophilus strains is under the control of a complex blp locus but bacteriocin is produced only when a quorum-sensing regulatory mechanism is activated by the protein product of the blpC component. To demonstrate the regulatory effect of BlpC in S. thermophilus ST110 (NRRL-B59671), which naturally produces bacteriocin, the effect of the 30mer quorum-sensing induction peptide (QSIP) embedded in BlpC was tested in a knockout mutant in which the blpC gene was eliminated and was devoid of antimicrobial activity. Between concentrations of 30 and 250 ng/ml, the addition of synthetic QSIP to cultures at several points of the growth curve resulted in the accumulation of up to 3,200 units/ml of bacteriocin after 8 h of growth at 37 ºC. Addition of QSIP to the culture in late log phase (OD660 ? 1.0) when the medium pH is already 4.8 or lower, failed to trigger bacteriocin production. We used synthetic QSIP to survey its impact on 35 strains of S. thermophilus that do not display bacteriocin activity by agar diffusion assays. The addition of QSIP (250 ng/ml) to S. thermophilus cultures in the early or mid-log phase induced bacteriocin production in two strains that could be re-classified as bacteriocin producers. The results demonstrated the involvement of a quorum-sensing regulatory mechanism in bacteriocin synthesis in S. thermophilus ST110 and also demonstrated the utility of the 30 mer QSIP in discovering bacteriocins with potentially novel antimicrobial spectra by enhancing bacteriocin production in other strains of S. thermophilus that ordinarily display a bacteriocin-negative phenotype.
Diheterospora chlamydospora in Poland
Authors: Chęciński T. , Jędras P.
Published: November 2014

A description is given of the above named fungus, never before reported from Poland. It has been isolated from the soil in the city of Łódź, within University grounds near the academic homes accomodating negro students from Africa.
The occurrence in Northern Poland of Melampsoridium betulinum (Pers.) Kleb. on Betula humilis Schrk
Authors: Boińska Urszula , Hołownia Irena
Published: November 2014

New Polish localities are here reported of Melampsoridum Betulinum on Betula humilis. It has been observed that this infection occurs frequently at man-activitated sites.
The new stands of Phallus Hadriani in Poland
Authors: Jakupczun Bogdan
Published: November 2014

The autor has found two new stands of Phallus Hadriani Venton ex Pers. on the seaside's dunes of islands Wolin and Wznam (Poland's western seaside).
Effect of saprophytic fungi on tomato pathogens: Fusarium oxysporum f. lycopersici and Verticillium albo-atrum in the soil substratum
Authors: Pudełko Zofia
Published: November 2014

The biotic relations were studied in garden alfalfa soil between Fusarium oxysporum F. Lycopersici and Verticillum albo-atrum and saprophytic soil fungi. The presence of the latter had an inhibitory effect on the development of pathogens and the pathologic symptoms in the tomatos. It was found that real development of plants. A change of the glasshouse soil from under alfalfa may be favourable for preventing infection of tomatoes.
Rare and new Laboulbeniales from Poland. III
Authors: Majewski T.
Published: November 2014

The sites are described at which ten species of Laboulbeniales were found. Five species are new to science: Corethromyces niger found on a beetle of the Catopidae family, Dioicomyces myrmecophilus on a representative of Colydiidae, Misgomyces annae and M. flexus on representives of Ptiliidae and Stichomyces europaeus on a representative of Staphylinidae. The remaining species are new for the flora of Poland.
Preliminary analysis of productivity of fruiting fungi on Strzeleckie meadows
Authors: Sadowska Barbara
Published: November 2014

Analysis demonstrated that the fresh ahd dry weight as well as the ash content of fungal fruit bodies collected on a forest-surrounded unmown meadow (Stellario-Deschampsietum Freitag 1957 and Caricetum elatae W.Koch 1926) were lower than the same values for a plot of exploited mown meadow and higher than on an exploited unmown meadow (Arrhenatheretum medioeuropaeum (Br.-Bl.) Oberd. 1952).
Studies on the effect of fungicides incorporated into the culture medium on fungi damaging ancient paper
Authors: Strzelczyk A.
Published: November 2014

The aim of this work was to study the effect of fungicides contained in the medium on spore germination, on growth of colonies and on biosynthesis of cellulolytic enzymes of fungi isolated from damaged ancient books. Influence of various temperatures on the biosynthesis of cellulases was also studied. It was shown that mercuric fungicides were more effective in inhibition of spore germination and cellulytic enzyme activity than phenolic derivatives. The biosynthesis of cellulases was more effective in 16-18º than in 23 and 30ºC. The phenomenon of adaptation to small amounts of fungicides was observed.
Macromycetes of meadows in Pieniny National Park
Authors: Gumińska Barbara
Published: November 2014

The investigations were performed in the years 1968-1972 in the area of forest meadows (Anthvllido-Triofolietum and Nardetum strictae) on northern mountain slopes in Pieniny National Park. The phenological seasons were distinguished during the year. Attention was paid to the problem of fairy rings and to fungi which form them. The effects of atmospheric conditions on the fruiting of meadow fungi were examined. On 9 sample plots quantitative investigations were performed. Differences in the course of yearly fruiting of fungi between years poor in rainfall and normal ones were demonstrated. The degree of abundance of particular species of fungi was determined by index method of Perkal. The mycoflora of the examined association and the content of mycoflora of Pieniny meadows with meadow fungi of other mountain zones in Poland were compared.
Nowe Hyphomycetes - Garnaudia elegans gen. et sp.nov. i Endophragmiella tenera sp.nov.
Authors: Borowska Alicja
Published: November 2014

Some interesling Hyphomvcetes collected on dead wood and bark of deciduous trees in Poland include Garnaudia gen. nov., G. elegans sp. nov., and Endophragmiella tenera sp. nov.
Slime mould flora of the Ślęża massif
Authors: Stojanowska Wanda
Published: November 2014

In four succeding years 1971-1974 field investigation on the Myxomycetes of Ślęża massif has been carried out. Up to the present only 4 species of slime molds from this region were known. My last investigations give 63 new species and 4 new varieties to slime molds flora of Ślęża massif, and 5 new species to Silesia slime mold flora.
The geographical distribution of tremellaceous fungi in Poland
Authors: Wojewoda Władysław
Published: November 2014

The geographical distribution of the Polish tremellaceous fungi is discussed in this paper. The list of localities and the maps of the distribution of 60 Polish species (45 of Tremellales, 13 of Auriculariales and 2 of Septobasidiales) are given. The author distinguishes several geographical elements, and describes the vertical distribution of these fungi. This paper is a supplement to "Fungi (Mycota)", vol. 8, Polish Flora (Wojewoda 1977).
Observation of "fairy rings" in the lowlands
Authors: Sadowska Barbara
Published: November 2014

Investigations on the formation of fairy rings by Agaricales were performed in the year·s 1971-1974 in forest meadows and reserves in Dziekanów Leśny and on agricultural mowed ones in Kazuń near Warsaw. During 240 observations 378 maps were made. In forest meadows 15 species formed rings and on agricultural mowed meadows 22 species. Many species formed rings considerably affecting the growth of vascular plants. This caused the formation of distinct zone.s parallel to the lines of fructifications. Many more species formed rings without affecting the growth and species composition of vascular plants. The appearance of fairy rings and the analysis of the reasons for their occurrence may facilitate in a certain sense the investigation of the speed and way of growth of mycelium in the soil.
Yeasts occurring on wheat seeds. V. A taxonomic study of a strain of Bullera alba (Hanna) Derx
Authors: Maciejowska-Pokacka Zofia
Published: November 2014

Morphology and physiology of a strain of Bullera alba was studied. The fungus could be distinguished from Cryptococcus laurentii var. flavescens only on the base of ballistospore formation. The isolate studied formed a true septate mycelium.
La Loi sur l’immigration et la protection des réfugiés et la définition internationale de la torture
Authors: LaViolette Nicole
Published: November 2014

Édictée le 28 juin 2002, la Loi sur l’immigration et la protection des réfugiés, qui renvoie expressément à l’article premier de la Convention contre la torture, a créé une nouvelle catégorie de personne bénéficiant du régime de protection des réfugiés, soit celle des « personnes à protéger », Le présent texte porte sur la façon dont les tribunaux canadiens vont interpréter l’alinéa 97(1)a) de la Loi lorsqu’ils devront déterminer si un demandeur répond à la définition de « personne à protéger » au sens de la Loi.

L’auteure soutient que l’ajout de cet alinéa constitue une mise en oeuvre directe du principe selon lequel une personne ne peut être refoulée dans le cas où elle a établi un risque de torture. Par un bref survol des principes régissant la réception du droit international dans le droit canadien, l’auteure fait valoir l’obligation des tribunaux d’interpréter le mot « torture » conformément à la Convention et selon la définition internationale du terme.

L’auteure tente ensuite de circonscrire la portée de cette définition internationale en fonction des éléments constitutifs de la torture, à savoir la conduite, l’intention et l’objet de la conduite, l’identité de l’auteur de la torture et les exclusions. Pour ce faire, elle invoque l’interprétation que leur ont attribuée les divers instruments, la jurisprudence et les documents externes internationaux pertinents, notamment les travaux du comité contre la torture et ceux du Comité des droits de l’homme, ainsi que la jurisprudence des Cours européenne et interaméricaine des droits de l’homme.

L’auteure concède qu’aucune décision courante n’ait encore porté sur la définition de la torture à l’article premier de la Convention sur la torture. Néanmoins, elle conclut en soulignant l’affaire Bouaouni c. Canada comme un exemple utile de la façon dont les documents juridiques internationaux peuvent façonner l’interprétation de l’alinéa 97(1)a).
Beyond GOCE for the ocean circulation estimate: Synergetic use of altimetry, gravimetry, and in situ data provides new insight into geostrophic and Ekman currents
Authors: Rio M.‐H. , Mulet S. , Picot N.
Published: November 2014

Accurate estimate of ocean surface currents is both a challenging issue and a growing end‐users requirement. In this paper ocean currents are calculated at two levels (surface and 15 m depth) as the sum of the geostrophic and Ekman components. First, a new, global, ° Mean Dynamic Topography, called the CNES‐CLS13 MDT, has been calculated and is now available for use by the oceanographic community. By exploiting information from surface drifters and Argo floats, the new MDT resolves spatial scales beyond the resolution permitted by the recent Gravity and Ocean Circulation Experiment (GOCE) geoid models (125 km). Associated mean geostrophic speeds in strong currents are increased by 200% on average compared to GOCE‐based mean currents. In addition, for the first time, a two‐level, monthly, empirical Ekman model that samples a spiral‐like behavior is estimated. We show that combining both pieces of information leads to improved ocean currents compared to other existing observed products.
Workplace measurements – recommendations based on practical experience [Air Monitoring Methods, 2014]
Authors: Hebisch Ralph , Ball Michael , Emmel Christoph , Krämer Wilhelm , Maschmeier Claus‐Peter , Nitz Gerda , Riepe Wolfgang
Published: November 2014

The article contains sections titled:

Introduction

Objective of workplace measurements

Measurement planning

Preparation for sampling

Sampling procedure

Sampling volume

Generation of a constant flow rate

Determination of the flow rate

Special remarks for rotameter flow meters

Capacity of collection media

Additional information on sampling

Sample transport

Sample storage

Use of direct‐reading measurement devices

Sample preparation

Blank values and stability of standards

Blank values of filters, adsorbents and gas sampling bags

Blank values of solvents and digestion agents

Syringes and positive displacement pipettes

Internal standard

Acceleration of solvent desorption

Analysis

Selection of the analytical method

Cross‐sensitivities

Calibration

Re‐calibration

Control standards

Spiking of collection media

Individual analytical methods

General technical equipment and design

Calculation and interpretation of analytical results
Blei und seine Verbindungen, Addendum (außer Bleiarsenat, Bleichromat und Alkylbleiverbindungen) [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2003]
Authors: Schaller K. H. , Bolt H. M.
Published: November 2014

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheBiologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte), Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA) und Biologische Leitwerte (BLW), 11. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2003

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Reevaluierung eines BAT‐Wertes für Blei für Frauen unter 45 Jahren

Belastung und Beanspruchung

Hintergrundbelastungen

Reevaluierung des BAT‐Wertes
Information Gathering: Practical Concerns
Authors: Khader Majeed
Published: November 2014

This commentary is about the practical aspects of investigative interviewing and intelligence gathering. It discusses the real world applications and challenges of applying theory to field settings in intelligence and investigation work. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐Pot Conversion of Amino Acids into 2,5‐Disubstituted Oxazoles: No Metals Needed
Authors: Romero‐Estudillo Ivan , Batchu Venkateswara Rao , Boto Alicia
Published: November 2014

2,5‐Disubstituted oxazoles with a variety of alkyl and aryl groups are efficiently formed from N‐acylamino acids, by a one‐pot radical decarboxylation–oxidation–enolization and iodine‐promoted cyclization process. Remarkably, the reaction takes place under mild conditions, and no metal catalysis is needed. The process can be useful for the direct modification of small peptides.

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Work safety climate, personal protection use, and injuries among Latino residential roofers
Authors: Arcury Thomas A. , Summers Phillip , Rushing Julia , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Mora Dana C. , Quandt Sara A. , Lang Wei , Mills Thomas H.
Published: November 2014

Background

This analysis describes work safety climate, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, and injuries among Latino residential roofers, and examines the associations of work safety climate with PPE use and injuries.

Methods

Eighty‐nine North Carolina residential roofers completed a baseline interview and daily logs about perceptions and use of PPE, occurrence of injuries in last 12 months, and work safety climate.

Results

The mean work safety climate score was 26.5 (SD = 5.6). In the baseline interview, participants reported that the majority of employers provided PPE and that they used it most or all of the time; daily log data indicated that PPE was used for half or fewer of hours worked. 39.9% reported any injury in the last 12 months. Work safety climate was significantly correlated with the provision and use of most types of PPE, and was inversely associated with injury.

Conclusions

Supervisors promoting safety may increase the PPE use and decrease injuries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:69–76, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stereoselective Nucleophilic Addition of PhSCF2SiMe3to Chiral Cyclic Nitrones: Asymmetric Synthesis ofgem‐Difluoromethylenated Polyhydroxypyrrolizidines and ‐indolizidines
Authors: Korvorapun Korkit , Soorukram Darunee , Kuhakarn Chutima , Tuchinda Patoomratana , Reutrakul Vichai , Pohmakotr Manat
Published: November 2014

Fluoride‐catalyzed nucleophilic addition of a difluoro(phenylsulfanyl)methyl group (“PhSCF2”) generated from PhSCF2SiMe3to nitrones was accomplished in satisfactory yields. High diastereoselectivities were observed with chiral polyoxygenated cyclic nitrones to provide the corresponding adducts, which were further manipulated to affordgem‐difluoromethylenated polyhydroxypyrrolizidines and ‐indolizidines.
Bayesian analysis of herding behaviour: an application to Spanish equity mutual funds
Authors: Andreu Laura , Gargallo Pilar , Salvador Manuel , Sarto José Luis
Published: November 2014

This paper proposes a dynamic Bayesian rolling window estimation procedure applied to the three‐factor model of Fama and French to analyse herding behaviour in the style exposures of mutual funds. This procedure allows a user to dynamically select the length of the estimation window by means of weighted likelihood functions that discount the loss of information because of time. This method is very flexible and allows us to consider different approaches of detecting herding behaviour by taking into account the uncertainty associated in the estimation of the style coefficients. In particular, the paper first determines the convergence behaviour following the traditional LSV herding measure and then refines this method by removing the influence exerted by market conditions, such as market volatility and returns, on this convergence. This process is empirically illustrated by an application to Spanish equity mutual funds. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Liberation treatment” for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis: the truth will set you free
Authors: Tsivgoulis Georgios , Faissner Simon , Voumvourakis Konstantinos , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Triantafyllou Nikos , Grigoriadis Nikolaos , Gold Ralf , Krogias Christos
Published: November 2014

Background

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has recently been introduced as a chronic state of impaired cerebral or cervical venous drainage that may be causally implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Moreover, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of extracranial veins termed “Liberation treatment” has been proposed (based on nonrandomized data) as an alternative therapy for MS.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify available published, peer‐reviewed, clinical studies evaluating (1) the association of CCSVI with MS, (2) the reproducibility of proposed ultrasound criteria for CCSVI detection (3) the safety and efficacy of “Liberation treatment” in open‐label and randomized‐controlled trial (RCT) settings.

Results

There is substantial heterogeneity between ultrasound case–control studies investigating the association of CCSVI and MS. The majority of independent investigators failed to reproduce the initially reported high prevalence rates of CCSVI in MS. The prevalence of extracranial venous stenoses evaluated by other neuroimaging modalities (contrast or MR venography) is similarly low in MS patients and healthy individuals. One small RCT failed to document any benefit in MS patients with CCSVI receiving “Liberation treatment”, while an exacerbation of disease activity was observed. “Liberation treatment” has been complicated by serious adverse events (SAEs) in open‐label studies (e.g., stroke, internal jugular vein thrombosis, stent migration, hydrocephalus).

Conclusion

CCSVI appears to be a poorly reproducible and clinically irrelevant sonographic construct. “Liberation treatment” has no proven efficacy, may exacerbate underlying disease activity and has been complicated with SAEs. “Liberation treatment” should stop being offered to MS patients even in the settings of RCTs.
Global methylation silencing of clustered proto‐cadherin genes in cervical cancer: serving as diagnostic markers comparable to HPV
Authors: Wang Kai‐Hung , Lin Cuei‐Jyuan , Liu Chou‐Jen , Liu Dai‐Wei , Huang Rui‐Lan , Ding Dah‐Ching , Weng Ching‐Feng , Chu Tang‐Yuan
Published: November 2014

Epigenetic remodeling of cell adhesion genes is a common phenomenon in cancer invasion. This study aims to investigate global methylation of cell adhesion genes in cervical carcinogenesis and to apply them in early detection of cancer from cervical scraping. Genome‐wide methylation array was performed on an investigation cohort, including 16 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) and 20 cervical cancers (CA) versus 12 each of normal, inflammation and CIN1 as controls. Twelve members of clustered proto‐cadherin (PCDH) genes were collectively methylated and silenced, which were validated in cancer cells of the cervix, endometrium, liver, head and neck, breast, and lung. In an independent cohort including 107 controls, 66 CIN1, 85 CIN2/3, and 38 CA, methylated PCDHA4 and PCDHA13 were detected in 2.8%, 24.2%, 52.9%, and 84.2% (P < 10−25), and 2.8%, 24.2%, 50.6%, and 94.7% (P < 10−29), respectively. In diagnosis of CIN2 or more severe lesion of the cervix, a combination test of methylated PCDHA4 or PCDHA13 from cervical scraping had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 74.8%, 80.3%, 73%, and 81.8%, respectively. Testing of this combination from cervical scraping is equally sensitive but more specific than human papillomavirus (HPV) test in diagnosis of CIN2 or more severe lesions. The study disclosed a collective methylation of PCDH genes in cancer of cervix and other sites. At least two of them can be promising diagnostic markers for cervical cancer noninferior to HPV.
An Efficient Synthesis of Porphyrins with Different meso Substituents that Avoids Scrambling in Aqueous Media
Authors: Nowak‐Król Agnieszka , Plamont Rémi , Canard Gabriel , Edzang Judicaelle Andeme , Gryko Daniel T. , Balaban Teodor Silviu
Published: November 2014

We have developed new conditions that afford regioisomerically pure trans‐A2B2‐, A3B‐, and trans‐AB2C‐porphyrins bearing aryl and arylethynyl substituents. The porphyrins were prepared by the acid‐catalyzed condensation of dipyrromethanes with aldehydes followed by oxidation with p‐chloranil or 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ). Optimal conditions for the condensation were identified after examining various reaction parameters such as solvent composition, acid concentration, and reaction time. The conditions identified (for aromatic aldehydes: EtOH/H2O 4:1, [DPM]=4 mM, [aldehyde]=4 mM, [HCl]=38 mM, 16 h; for arylethynyl aldehydes: THF/H2O 2:1, [DPM]=13 mM, [aldehyde]=13 mM, [HCl]=150 mM, 3 h) resulted in the formation of porphyrins in yields of 9–38 % without detectable scrambling. This synthesis is compatible with diverse functionalities such as ester or nitrile. In total, 20 new trans‐A2B2‐, A3B‐, and trans‐AB2C‐porphyrins were prepared. The scope and limitations of the two sets of reaction conditions have been explored. The methodological advantage of this approach is its straightforward access to building blocks and the formation of the porphyrin core in higher yields than by any other methodology and by using environmentally benign and nonhazardous chemicals.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Physical Properties of Cs2Ga2S5, and Redetermination of the Crystal Structure of Cs2S6
Authors: Friedrich Daniel , Pielnhofer Florian , Schlosser Marc , Weihrich Richard , Pfitzner Arno
Published: November 2014

The reaction of CsN3with GaS and S at elevated temperatures results in Cs2Ga2S5. Its crystal structure was determined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. The colorless solid crystallizes in space groupC2/c(no. 15) withV=1073.3(4) Å3andZ=4. Cs2Ga2S5is the first compound that features one‐dimensional chains${{{\hfill 1\atop \hfill \infty }}}$[Ga2S3(S2)2−] of edge‐ and corner‐sharing GaS4tetrahedra. The vibrational band of the S22−units at 493 cm−1was revealed by Raman spectroscopy. Cs2Ga2S5has a wide bandgap of about 3.26 eV. The thermal decomposition of CsN3yields elemental Cs, which reacts with sulfur to provide Cs2S6as an intermediate product. The crystal structure of Cs2S6was redetermined from selected single crystals. The red compound crystallizes in space group${P\bar 1}$withV=488.99(8) Å3andZ=2. Cs2S6consists of S62−polysulfide chains and two Cs positions with coordination numbers of 10 and 11, respectively. Results of DFT calculations on Cs2Ga2S5are in good agreement with the experimental crystal structure and Raman data. The analysis of the chemical bonding behavior revealed completely ionic bonds for Cs, whereas GaS and SS form polarized and fully covalent bonds, respectively. HOMO and LUMO are centered at the S2units.
Chiral Calcium–BINOL Phosphate Catalyzed Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of syn‐1,2‐Disubstituted 1,2‐Diamines: Scope and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Lalli Claudia , Dumoulin Audrey , Lebée Clément , Drouet Fleur , Guérineau Vincent , Touboul David , Gandon Vincent , Zhu Jieping , Masson Géraldine
Published: November 2014

A highly enantioselective, chiral, Lewis acid calcium–bis(phosphate) complex, Ca[3 a]n, which catalyzes the electrophilic amination of enamides with azodicarboxylate derivatives 2 to provide versatile chiral 1,2‐hydrazinoimines 4 is disclosed. The reaction gives an easy entry to optically active syn‐1,2‐disubstituted 1,2‐diamines 6 in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities, after a one‐pot reduction of the intermediate 1,2‐hydrazinoimines 4. The geometry and nature of the N‐substituent of the enamide affect dramatically both the reactivity and the enantioselectivity. Although the calcium–bis(phosphate) complex was a uniquely effective catalyst, the exact nature of the active catalytic species remains unclear. NMR spectroscopy and MS analysis of the various calcium complexes Ca[3]n reveals that the catalysts exist in various oligomer forms. The present mechanistic study, which includes nonlinear effects and kinetic measurements, constitutes a first step in understanding these calcium–bis(phosphate) complex catalysts. DFT calculations were carried out to explore the mechanism and the origin of the enantioselectivity with the Ca[3]n catalysts.
Bevicizumab and thrombosis: Some answers but questions remain
Authors: DeLoughery Thomas G. , Beer Tomasz M.
Published: November 2014

The study by Patel and colleagues reported in this issue verifies the increased risk of arterial thrombosis, but not venous thrombosis, with the receipt of bevacizumab. The focus of future research now needs to be on ameliorating this increased risk and identifying the mechanism for prothrombotic effects of targeted antineoplastic therapy.
The Long‐Term Impact of Negotiation Training and Teaching Implications
Authors: Soliman Cherine G. , Stimec Arnaud , Antheaume Nicolas
Published: November 2014

This article presents the subset of research on the enhancement of cooperation in negotiation with a focus on the intraorganizational context. It studies the long‐term effect of negotiation training and its implications for the teaching of negotiation. We chose a qualitative approach over two cycles of action research. Cycle 1 was performed in a training course with sixty‐four managers over six months. Cycle 2, using the focus group method, was carried out with eleven individuals selected from cycle 1 population over twelve months. This experiment enabled us to propose a dynamic typology of negotiator styles, which led us to suggest a number of recommendations to improve the teaching of negotiation.
Synthesis and Characterization of ortho‐Thio‐Functionalized Triarylmethyl Palladium Complexes
Authors: Schöler Stephan , Merz Klaus , Puls Arik , Winter Manuela , Dyker Gerald
Published: November 2014

A series of triarylmethyl palladium complexes with ortho coordination sites were synthesized. Thereby, the palladium atom exhibits various inter‐ and intramolecular binding modes towards the organic ligand. Further, the first crystallographically proven, exclusively σ‐coordinated triarylmethyl palladium complexes, stabilized by ortho‐thio‐substituents, were discovered. The NMR spectra of the palladium complexes indicate temperature‐dependent dynamic behavior.
Voltammetric Determination of Nitrofurantoin at a Mercury Meniscus Modified Silver Solid Amalgam Electrode
Authors: Krejčová Zuzana , Barek Jiří , Vyskočil Vlastimil
Published: November 2014

Electrochemical behavior of nitrofurantoin (NF) was studied by direct current voltammetry (DCV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) using a mercury meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrode (m‐AgSAE). Voltammetric behavior of NF was studied in cathodic region of potentials in dependence on pH. pH 7.0 was selected as an optimal medium for the determination of NF by both DCV and DPV, with the optimal methanolwater volume ratio of 1 : 9. In order to reduce the negative influence of electrode passivation, the suitable regeneration potentials were found (0 mV and −900 mV). The optimal conditions were found for the determination of NF in concentration ranges from 6×10−6 mol L−1 to 1×10−4 mol L−1 using DCV technique, and from 2×10−7 mol L−1 to 1×10−4 mol L−1 using DPV technique, both in the medium of methanolBritton–Robinson buffer pH 7.0 (1 : 9). The attained limit of quantification (LOQ) of NF was 1.6×10−6 mol L−1 for DCV and 8.1×10−8 mol L−1 for DPV. The practical applicability of the newly developed DPV method was verified by direct determination of NF in model samples of drinking and river water, with LOQs 2.2×10−7 mol L−1 and 2.5×10−7 mol L−1, respectively.
Cre‐ativity in the liver: Transgenic approaches to targeting hepatic nonparenchymal cells
Authors: Greenhalgh Stephen N. , Conroy Kylie P. , Henderson Neil C.
Published: November 2014

Rapid evolution in transgenic (Tg) mouse technology now permits cell‐specific and temporal control of fluorescent cell‐labeling and gene inactivation. Here, we discuss the principal strategies that have been utilized to target, label, and manipulate hepatic nonparenchymal cells, with emphasis on the utility of constitutive and inducible Cre‐lox systems. We summarize key findings of studies employing Tg technology to target hepatic stellate cells, myofibroblasts, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and macrophages to illustrate the power of these approaches in identifying cell‐specific molecular mechanisms critical to the pathophysiology of liver disease. Increasing adoption of Tg techniques will help to answer fundamental questions regarding the pathogenesis of hepatic diseases and provide the mechanistic rationale to allow identification of novel drug targets, ultimately translating into effective therapies for patients with liver disease. (Hepatology 2015;61:2091–2099)
Delayed primary excision with subsequent modification of radiotherapy dose for intermediate‐risk rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee
Authors: Rodeberg David A. , Wharam Moody D. , Lyden Elizabeth R. , Stoner Julie A. , Brown Kenneth , Wolden Suzanne L. , Paidas Charles N. , Donaldson Sarah S. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Spunt Sheri L. , Arndt Carola A.
Published: November 2014

The majority of intermediate‐risk rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) patients have gross residual disease (Group III) after their first operative procedure. It is currently not known if local control rates can be maintained when, following induction chemotherapy, the radiation therapy (RT) dose is decreased after a delayed primary excision (DPE). To answer this question we evaluated patients enrolled on COG D9803 (1999–2005) who had Group III tumors of the bladder dome, extremity or trunk (thorax, abdomen and pelvis) were candidates for DPE at Week 12 if the primary tumor appeared resectable. RT dose was then adjusted by the completeness of DPE: no evidence of disease 36 Gy, microscopic residual 41.4 Gy and gross residual disease (GRD) 50.4 Gy. A total of 161 Group III patients were evaluated (24 bladder dome, 63 extremity and 74 trunk). Seventy‐three patients (45%) underwent DPE which achieved removal of all gross disease in 61 (84%) who were then eligible for reduced RT dose (43/73 received 36 Gy, 19/73 received 41.4 Gy). The local 5‐year failure rate (0% for bladder dome, 7% for extremity and 20% for trunk) was similar to IRS‐IV, which did not encourage DPE and did not allow for DPE adapted RT dose reduction. In conclusion, DPE was performed in 45% of Group III RMS patients with tumors at select anatomic sites (bladder dome, extremity and trunk) and 84% of those who had DPE were eligible for RT dose reduction. Local control outcomes were similar to historic results with RT alone.
Analysis of Evaluation Indicators for Furrow Irrigation Using Opportunity Time
Authors: Lalehzari REZA , Ansari Samani FARIDE , Boroomand‐nasab SAEED
Published: November 2014

Evaluation procedures have been developed for effective design and management of irrigation systems. Furrow irrigation is one of the main types of applying water in the field. In the present study, a new procedure for field evaluation of water distribution in furrow irrigation is proposed. For this purpose, application efficiency (Ea), water requirement efficiency (Er), deep percolation (DP) and tail water ratio (TWR) have been introduced, based on the average of dimensionless infiltrated depth values in the four data groups. The relationships between coefficient of uniformity CU and distribution uniformity DU have been described by opportunity time values of each quarter and using the linear equation instead of the infiltration function. The proposed procedure was compared to existing methods by nine irrigation scenarios including three furrow length and three inflow rates. The results show that the evaluation indicators of furrow irrigation calculated with non‐dimensional parameters depend on opportunity time and new coefficients of the linear infiltration equation. Also, there was no observed significant difference on the suggested indice values and classical performance indicators. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Preparation of Slag Fiber and Its Application in Microwave Absorption
Authors: Wang To‐Mai , Ting Tzu‐Hao , Yeh Feng‐Mei
Published: November 2014

In this research, the slag fibers coming from water‐quenched slags by using thermal plasma technology were successfully prepared and introduced into epoxy resin to be microwave absorber. The fiber‐blowing equipment for manufacturing slag fibers through controlling the nozzle angle and vertical distance from the nozzle to the melt outlet was also studied. The spectroscopic characterization of the formation processes of slag fiber was studied by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), inductively‐coupled plasma (ICP), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microwave absorbing properties of the slag fibers and thermal plastic resin were investigated by measuring reflection loss in the 2–18 and 18–40 GHz microwave frequency range using the free space method. It was found that the composite specimens of slag fiber and thermal plastic resin had the best microwave absorption due to the reflection losses between from −4 to −8 dB and from −11 to −17 dB at frequencies between 2–18 and 18–40 GHz.
An Evaluation of Traditional Seed Conservation Methods in Rural Malawi
Authors: Mngoli Mtisunge B. , Mkwambisi David D. , Fraser Evan D. G.
Published: November 2014

Indigenous traditional methods of saving and storing seeds are often seen as viable alternatives to purchasing hybridised seeds for small‐scale farmers across the developing world. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted on which particular seed saving methods are most effective. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to both document and test the efficacy of different traditional seed saving methods practiced by small‐scale farmers in rural Malawi. Methods involved conducting both a survey and semi‐structured interview with 40 small‐scale farmers all of whom practiced different forms of traditional seed saving. A representative sample of sorghum and maize seeds were collected from each of these farms and grown in laboratory conditions to test the efficacy and germination rates of seeds stored using different practices. The results revealed that farmers used a wide range of indigenous seed saving techniques that include burning animal manure and covering seeds with the resulting ash to being stored in cloth bags or ceramic containers. The impact of these methods range considerably. Some methods, such as smoking the seeds over the cooking fire, proved ineffective, and germination rates were very low in seeds treated in this way. However, other methods, such as grinding up a local leaf into a powder and covering the seeds with the powder, were as effective as treating the seeds with commercial fungicides. Furthermore, these indigenous methods cost a fraction of the amount of commercially available methods' cost and are also much less expensive than buying seeds annually. The implication of this research is that it is important for researchers to test the efficacy of traditional seed saving methods as a way of establishing best practices and developing appropriate agricultural management practices that will help farmers alleviate poverty. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Detection of Deception Within Investigative Contexts: Key Challenges and Core Issues
Authors: Ioannou Maria , Hammond Laura
Published: November 2014

A large and continually growing body of research has explored the ways in which deception might be detected. The area is developing rapidly, opening up new avenues of study. This special issue of the Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling brings together an exciting array of papers on the detection of deception within investigative contexts, examining a wide range of issues including the efficacy of different interviewing techniques, the reliability of statement veracity assessment, factors influencing ability to detect deception and the need for applied research and ecologically valid studies. This examination of the key challenges and core issues surrounding the detection of deception within the criminal justice domain helps move the field forward, providing powerful results that have potentially far‐reaching impacts. These are considered in detail throughout the following discussion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Regioselective Ring Opening of Activated Aziridine‐2‐Carboxylates with [18F]Fluoride
Authors: Schjoeth-Eskesen Christina , Hansen Paul Robert , Kjaer Andreas , Gillings Nic
Published: November 2014

Aziridines can undergo a range of ring‐opening reactions with nucleophiles. The regio‐ and stereochemistry of the products depend on the substituents on the aziridine. Aziridine ring‐opening reactions have rarely been used in radiosynthesis. Herein we report the ring opening of activated aziridine‐2‐carboxylates with [18F]fluoride. The aziridine was activated for nucleophilic attack by substitution of various groups on the aziridine nitrogen atom. Fluorine‐18 radiolabelling was followed by ester hydrolysis and removal of the activation group. Totally regioselective ring opening and subsequent deprotection was achieved with tert‐butyloxycarbonyl‐ and carboxybenzyl‐activated aziridines to give α‐[18F]fluoro‐β‐alanine in good radiochemical yield.
Regioisomer‐Free C4h β‐Tetrakis(tert‐butyl)metallo‐phthalocyanines: Regioselective Synthesis and Spectral Investigations
Authors: Iida Norihito , Tanaka Kenta , Tokunaga Etsuko , Takahashi Hiromi , Shibata Norio
Published: November 2014

Metal β‐tetrakis(tert‐butyl)phthalocyanines are the most commonly used phthalocyanines due to their high solubility, stability, and accessibility. They are commonly used as a mixture of four regioisomers, which arise due to the tert‐butyl substituent on the β‐position, and to the best of our knowledge, their regioselective synthesis has yet to be reported. Herein, the C4h‐selective synthesis of β‐tetrakis(tert‐butyl)metallophthalocyanines is disclosed. Using tetramerization of α‐trialkylsilyl phthalonitriles with metal salts following acid‐mediated desilylation, the desired metallophthalocyanines were obtained in good yields. Upon investigation of regioisomer‐free zinc β‐tetrakis(tert‐butyl)phthalocyanine using spectroscopy, the C4h single isomer described here was found to be distinct in the solid state to zinc β‐tetrakis(tert‐butyl)phthalocyanine obtained by a conventional method.
Decreased domain size and improved crystallinity by adjusting solvent–polymer interaction parameters in all‐polymer solar cells
Authors: Zhou Ke , Liu Jiangang , Li Mingguang , Yu Xinhong , Xing Rubo , Han Yanchun
Published: November 2014

We have investigated the effect of solvent–polymer interaction on the morphology, crystallinity, and device performance of poly‐(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly{2,7‐(9,9‐didodecyl‐fluorene)‐alt‐5,5‐[4′,7′‐bis(2‐thienyl)‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothia‐diaole]} (PF12TBT) blend system. 3‐Hexylthiophene (3‐HT), which had the similar structural units with both donor and acceptor materials, was chosen as the solvent additive to be added into the main solvent chlorobenzene (CB), to adjust the solvent–polymer interaction. With the 3‐HT percentage increasing from 5 to 30% in CB solution, the solvent–polymer interaction between polymer and solvent molecules decreased slightly according to the calculated solubility parameters (δ) and interaction parameters (χ12). As a result, nanoscale phase‐separated and interconnected morphology with decreased domain size of both donor and acceptor was formed. Meanwhile, the order of P3HT molecule was enhanced which resulted from the extended film drying time and increased molecular planarity after incorporation of 3‐HT. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) had a gradual improvement to 1.08% as the 3‐HT percentage reached 10%, which can be attributed to the enhanced short‐circuit current (Jsc) and fill factor (FF). However, when the 3‐HT percentage exceeded 20%, the decreased Jsc and FF ultimately decreased the PCE. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 288–296