bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of betamethasone injection into the pterygomandibular space on the neurosensory disturbance after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy: a pilot study
Authors: Hamad Shehab Ahmed , Khrwatany Khurshid A. Kheder , Mohammed Mustafa Rasul , Tutmayi Saeed Hameed
Published: February 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of local betamethasone injection into the pterygomandibular space on postoperative neurosensory deficits.

Materials and methods

A prospective controlled clinical study was conducted on 16 patients (6 male, 10 female; mean age, 24.95 ± 9.22 years) who underwent bilateral sagittal ramus osteotomy for mandibular discrepancies. One side of each patient’s mandible was randomly selected as the control side, and the opposite side as the experimental side. On the experimental side, a solution of betamethasone (6 mg/1 ml) was injected into the pterygomandibular space after the completion of wound closure. Neurosensory tests, including light touch, two-point discrimination, direction of movement, thermal sensitivity, and pin-prick discrimination, were performed. The follow-up period ranged between 6 and 12 months, according to the particular sensory test. The Fisher exact test was used to analyse the data.

Results

The light touch sensation was abnormal in 75% of the control side and 31% of the study side, with the difference being significant (p = 0.03). However, at 6 months, all the study cases regained touch sensation, compared to 69% of the control side. No significant difference in direction movement discrimination was seen; however, at 3 months, the study side showed significantly less direction sensation (19%) compared to the control side (56%) (p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the two-point discrimination; however, at 3 months, the study side had a significantly less abnormal two-point sensation (13%) than the control side (56%) (p = 0.02). In addition, no significant difference was noted in thermal sensitivity or pin-prick sensation.

Conclusion

Betamethasone injection into the pterygomandibular space reduces neurosensory disturbances after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomies nd leads to faster recovery of sensations.
The origin of lead artifacts from Novae: applications of Pb isotopes in identifying the provenance of Roman artifacts from N. Bulgaria
Authors: Recław Janusz , Sierpień Paula , Karasiński Jakub , Kamenov George , Powell Wayne , Marciniak-Maliszewska Beata , Kałaska Maciej
Published: February 2024

This study identifies the lead ores used to produce lead artifacts used by the Romans between the first and eighth centuries AD during the construction of the fort and then the town of Novae (N. Bulgaria). For this purpose, lead samples were taken from pipes, joints of columns and pedestals, and from a lead ingot. The samples were analyzed for lead isotopes and the results were compared to literature data for Roman mines from what is now Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Italy, Germany, and Romania. Pb isotope results indicate that during the earlier stages of Novae's establishment, lead was most likely supplied from several different mines located in the Balkan area. Several samples also show Pb isotopes indicating mixing of lead from mines in the Balkan area. Then in the fourth—fifth century AD lead began to be supplied mainly from mines located in NW Bulgaria, with one sample possibly from deposits in German. This is evidenced by the matching of the results obtained for the ores to the data for deposits from these regions. Two possibly recycled samples were also identified. Deposits from other European regions did not match samples from Novae, indicating that majority of the lead was sourced from mines in the Balkan region.
Design and research of digital twin platform for handicraft intangible cultural heritage -Yangxin Cloth Paste
Authors: Li Min , Xu Shengtao , Tang Jie , Chen Wenfeng
Published: February 2024

In the context of the 5G era, the rapid development of digital technology and its integration with intangible cultural heritage (ICH) can facilitate the dynamic transmission of ICH.The research purposes to construct a virtual experience platform for handmade ICH using the handmade ICH of East Hubei Province in China—Yangxin Cloth Paste as a case study through Digital Twin technology. It explores the application of digital twin technology in the field of handmade ICH transmission and aids the dynamic transmission of handmade ICH. Firstly, the research collected tangible and procedural data of the Yangxin Cloth Paste. By using photogrammetric techniques, a model of the handicraft was built and an effective digital twin conversion procedure was designed. Next, the research set up a framework for a digital twin platform for handmade ICH, designing systems for the production, display, and transaction of ICH handicrafts. Lastly, its effectiveness was validated by user satisfaction evaluation guiding subsequent optimization direction. The platform innovatively uses digital twin technology to help users visualize handicraft ICH. Through the combination of digital twin technology and virtual reality technology, it creates a realistic virtual reality experience of ICH of handicraft, stimulates users' interest in exploring ICH of handicraft, and contributes to the process protection, dissemination and development of handicraft ICH.
Clinical performance of additively manufactured subperiosteal implants: a systematic review
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , Eguia Asier , Staudigl Christoph , Alkhraisat Mohammad Hamdan
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess implant survival and complications rate of modern subperiosteal implants (CAD designed and additively manufactured).

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using three electronic databases; Medline (Pubmed), Cochrane library, and SCOPUS, following the PRISMA statement recommendations to answer the PICO question: “In patients with bone atrophy (P), do additively manufactured subperiosteal implants (I), compared to subperiosteal implants manufactured following traditional approaches (c), present satisfactory implant survival and complication rates (O)? The study was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023424211). Included articles quality was assessed using the “NIH quality assessment tools”.

Results

Thirteen articles were finally selected (5 cohort studies and 8 case series), including 227 patients (121 female / 106 male; weighted mean age 62.4 years) and 227 implants. After a weighted mean follow-up time of 21.4 months, 97.8% of implants were in function (5 failures reported), 58 implants (25.6%) presented partial exposure, 12 patients (5.3%) suffered soft tissue or persistent infection. Fracture of the interim prosthesis was reported in 8 of the155 patients (5.2%) in which the use of a provisional prosthesis was reported. A great heterogeneity was found in terms of study design and methodological aspects. For this reason, a quantitative analysis followed by meta-analysis was not possible.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, modern additively manufactured subperiosteal implants presented a good survival in the short-time, but a noticeable number of soft-tissue related complications were reported. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical behavior in the medium- and long-term.

Graphical Abstract
Retrospective study on the effect of adipose stem cell transplantation on jaw bone regeneration
Authors: Kizu Yasuhiro , Ishii Ryota , Matsumoto Naoyuki , Saito Ichiro
Published: February 2024

Purpose

In patients with jaw bone atrophy, dental implant therapy requires bone augmentation on the alveolar ridge. Common methods are autologous bone transplantation or bone substitutes. The latter technique is less surgically invasive because it does not require bone harvesting; however, blood supply from the surrounding tissues and local differentiation of osteoblasts are not guaranteed, so adequate bone regeneration for dental implant therapy is often not achieved. Therefore, at our hospital we introduced a bone regenerative medicine technique that uses adipose stem cells (ASCs) from adipose tissue. The new approach is less surgically invasive and appears to have a better effect on bone regeneration. The current retrospective study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of ASC transplantation in patients who underwent alveolar ridge bone augmentation at our hospital.

Methods

We compared medical records, postoperative radiographic findings, and histological results from patients treated between January 2018 and March 2022 by augmentation of the jaw bone with bone substitutes (carbonate apatite) mixed with ASCs (ASCs+ group) and those treated with bone substitutes (carbonate apatite) alone (ASCs− group).

Results

After 6 months, the survival rate of augmented bone and the gray scale value in dental cone beam computed tomography (a bone density index) were significantly higher in the ASCs+ group than in the ASCs− group. Histological analysis at 6 months showed more adequate bone tissue regeneration in the ASCs+ group.

Conclusions

The findings suggest the effectiveness of using ASCs in bone augmentation on the alveolar ridge in patients with jaw bone atrophy.
A phase II clinical trial of a Vi-DT typhoid conjugate vaccine in healthy Indonesian adolescents and adults: one-month evaluation of safety and immunogenicity
Authors: Koesnoe Sukamto , Medise Bernie Endyarni , Rengganis Iris , Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki , Puspita Mita , Sari Rini Mulia , Yang Jae Seung , Sahastrabuddhe Sushant , Soedjatmiko  , Gunardi Hartono , Sekartini Rini , Wirahmadi Angga , Kekalih Aria , Mukhi Sreshta , Satari Hindra Irawan , Bachtiar Novilia Sjafri
Published: February 2024

Background

Typhoid fever is commonly found until today, especially in developing countries. It has fatal complications and measures must be taken to reduce the incidence of typhoid. Vaccinations are a key factor in prevention. This is a phase II randomized observer-blind clinical trial on a novel Vi-DT conjugate vaccine on 200 subjects 12 to 40 years of age.

Methods

Subjects were screened for eligibility after which a blood sample was taken and one dose of vaccine was administered. Investigational vaccine used was Vi-DT and control was Vi-PS. Twenty-eight days after vaccination, subjects visited for providing blood sample to assess immunogenicity and were asked about local and systemic adverse reactions that occurred in the first 28 days.

Results

Subjects had minor adverse reactions. Pain was the most common local reaction. Muscle pain was the most common systemic reaction. There were no serious adverse events up to 28 days post vaccination. Seroconversion rates were 100% in the Vi-DT group and 95.96% in the Vi-PS group. Post vaccination GMTs were increased in both groups but it was significantly higher in the Vi-DT group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Vi-DT typhoid conjugate vaccine is safe and immunogenic in healthy Indonesian subjects 12 to 40 years.

Trial registration

Approved by ClinicalTrials.gov. Clinical trial registration number: NCT03460405. Registered on 09/03/2018. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03460405.
Identifying social outcomes of importance for childhood cancer survivors: an e-Delphi study
Authors: Milner Sarah H. , Feltbower R. G. , Absolom K. L. , Glaser A. W.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of deficits in their social outcomes, a key aspect of overall health and quality of life. Social outcomes of import are ill-defined leading to potential gaps in research and service provision. In this study, we undertook a preliminary consensus seeking exercise to support the development of a framework of the important social outcomes for CCS.

Methods

A modified e-Delphi study was conducted with four groups: CCS, health professionals, social workers and teachers. Round 1, developed from a literature review, included 34 questions rated for importance on a 7-point Likert scale. Rounds 2 and 3 presented items not achieving consensus, additionally proposed items and in round 3, a ranking question.

Results

Survey 1 was completed by 38 participants, 31 (82%) completed survey 2 and 28 (76%) completed survey 3. A total of 36 items were prioritised across 6 domains (education, independence, work, relationships, community, lifestyle), together forming the final list of social outcomes. Of these, 22 items met consensus for importance. Items rated most important were “having autonomy” and “avoiding social isolation”. Quantitative and qualitative results reflected that social outcomes for survivors and general public should be the same.

Conclusion

We have generated initial consensus on important social outcomes for CCS, highlighting the need for these to be matched to those of the general population. It suggests strategies are required to ensure autonomy and appropriate support for independence and relationships are provided through long-term aftercare and beyond. Further work is needed to validate and develop these findings into a framework to support appropriate social aftercare for CCS.
Using proteomics to compare the molecular structures of sulfide and permeate-depilated sheepskins
Authors: Tu Yi-Hsuan , Loo Trevor S. , Patchett Mark L. , Norris Gillian E.
Published: February 2024

An environmentally friendly method using real or artificial bovine milk permeate to both depilate and preserve sheepskins has been reported which completely and cleanly removed the wool from the hair follicle and had no detrimental effects on the skin. A proteomic analysis, assessing the relative abundance of proteins in matched permeate-depilated and chemically depilated (sulfide) sheepskins, showed variations in the levels of specific collagen types in the skin's basement membrane and other proteins associated with the follicles. These findings were corroborated by biochemical analyses of matched permeate depilated and raw skin samples, and provide clues to the mechanism of non-invasive and complete depilation. They also support the observation that permeate-depilated skins were smoother than their sulfide-depilated counterparts and resulted in leather with a superior surface.

Graphical abstract
Mycotoxic effects of entomopathogenic fungi of fall armyworm
(Spodoptera frugiperda
J.E. Smith) on poultry feed safety
Authors: Silipiwe Sharai , Muriithi Alice Nakhumicha , Ojiewo Christopher Ochieng
Published: February 2024

This study was carried out to analyze mycotoxins of entomopathogenic fungi of fall armyworm (
Spodoptera frugiperda
J.E. Smith) and poultry feed safety. An experiment was set up to assess the types of mycotoxins produced by entomopathogenic fungal parasite of fall armyworm larvae and their subsequent effect on the safety of the larvae as a feed ingredient. Molecular characterization was done to estimate the diversity of entomopathogenic fungi on fall armyworm larvae specimens from the treatment plots. Sequenced data was analyzed and processed using Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis 6.0 software. The results showed relative diversity of fall armyworm larvae with 11 species isolated belonging to
Aspergillus
,
Penicillium
,
Fusarium
,
Trichoderma
,
Bipolaris
and
Irpex
genus. Some of these are potential mycotoxin producing fungi. Although isolated fungi potentially produce Ochratoxin, Fumonisin, Zearalenone and Trichothecene mycotoxins, only aflatoxins were analyzed in this study. About 3.98 μg /kg of aflatoxin was observed using the ELISA total assay which is within the threshold toxicity levels set in Kenya for feed of about 20 μg /kg. While this is under the threshold set by Kenya, it is still enough to cause concern as the cumulative exposure of even low doses can have impacts. This study therefore concludes that,
Spodoptera frugiperda
can be potentially contaminated with aflatoxins and when formulating poultry diets, there is need to monitor production so that the quality is not compromised and feed safety is ensured. Further studies are recommended to determine how much produced aflatoxins are then transferred into the poultry products such as eggs and meat.
High-permittivity ceramics enabled highly homogeneous zero-index metamaterials for high-directivity antennas and beyond
Authors: Liu Yueyang , Dong Tian , Qin Xu , Luo Weijia , Leng Ning , He Yujing , Yuan Yong , Bai Ming , Sun Jingbo , Zhou Ji , Li Yue , Li Yang
Published: February 2024

Zero-index metamaterials (ZIMs) can support uniform electromagnetic field distributions at any frequency, but their applications are hampered by the ZIM’s homogenization level—only 3 unit cells per free-space wavelength, which is fundamentally limited by the low-permittivity inclusions (εr ≈ 12) and background matrix (εr ≈ 1). Here, by filling high-permittivity SrTiO3 ceramic (εr ≈ 294) pillars in BaTiO3 (εr ≈ 25) background matrix, we demonstrate a highly homogeneous microwave ZIM with an over threefold increase in the homogenization level. Leveraging such a ZIM, we achieve not only an antenna, approaching the fundamental limit in the directivity with outstanding scalability, but also a concave lens with a focal length of as short as 1λ0. Our highly homogeneous ZIM has profound implications in ceramics, ZIM-based waveguides and cavities, free-space wavefront manipulation, and microwave quantum optics, and opens up enormous possibilities in wireless communications, remote sensing, global positioning satellites, etc.
Psychotropic medicines’ prevalence, patterns and effects on cognitive and physical function in older adults with intellectual disability in Ireland: longitudinal cohort study, 2009–2020
Authors: Odalović Marina , Gorman Ashleigh , Paul Aviejay , McCallion Philip , Burke Éilish , MacLachlan Malcolm , McCarron Mary , Henman Martin C. , Moran Maeve , O'Connell Juliette , Walsh Michael , Shankar Rohit , Ryan Caitriona , O'Dwyer Máire
Published: February 2024

Background

The frequent prescribing of psychotropics and high prevalence of polypharmacy among older adults with intellectual disabilities require close monitoring.

Aims

To describe change in prevalence, predictors and health outcomes of psychotropic use during the four waves (2009/2010, 2013/2014, 2016/2017, 2019/2020) of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS-TILDA).

Method

Eligible participants were adults (≥40 years) with intellectual disabilities who participated in all four waves of IDS-TILDA and who reported medication use for the entire period. Differences between groups were tested using Cochran's Q test for binary variables and the McNemar–Bowker test for variables with more than two categories. Generalised estimating equation models were used to assess associations between psychotropic use, participants’ characteristics and health outcomes.

Results

Across waves (433 participants) there were no significant differences in prevalence of psychotropic use (61.2–64.2%) and psychotropic polypharmacy (42.7–38.3%). Antipsychotics were the most used subgroup, without significant change in prevalence between waves (47.6–44.6%). A significant decrease was observed for anxiolytics (26.8–17.6%; P < 0.001) and hypnotics/sedatives (14.1–9.0%; P < 0.05). A significant increase was recorded for antidepressants (28.6–35.8%; P < 0.001) and mood-stabilising agents (11.5–14.6%; P < 0.05). Psychotropic polypharmacy (≥2 psychotropics) was significantly associated with moderate to total dependence in performing activities of daily living over the 10-year period (OR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.21–2.69; P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The study indicates an increase in usage of some classes of psychotropic, a reduction in others and no change in the relatively high rate of antipsychotic use over 10 years in a cohort of older adults with intellectual disabilities and consequent risk of psychotropic polypharmacy and medication-related harm.
Relugolix versus leuprolide in combination with radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer (REVELUTION trial): An initial analysis of patient treatment preferences and quality of life.
Authors: Patel Sagar A. , Goyal Subir , Liu Yuan , Hershatter Bruce W. , Patel Pretesh R. , Dhere Vishal Ramesh , Sebastian Nikhil , Jani Ashesh B. , Mandawat Anant
Published: February 2024

301

Background: Relugolix, an oral gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, has superior testosterone suppression and may lower cardiovascular (CV) toxicity compared with more commonly used injectable GnRH agonists, such as leuprolide. The Relugolix Versus Leuprolide Trial (REVELUTION, NCT 05320406) is an ongoing, investigator-initiated, randomized trial comparing radiotherapy (XRT) plus relugolix versus XRT plus leuprolide for men with localized prostate cancer (PCa). Primary endpoint is change in coronary plaque on cardiac computed tomography from baseline to 12 months following treatment. Secondary endpoints include patient-reported outcomes (PRO). Herein, we report patient-specific treatment preferences prior to randomization and acute treatment-associated toxicity. Methods: Men with non-metastatic intact or biochemically recurrent PCa pursuing pelvic XRT (1.8-2.5 Gy per fraction) with ≥ 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to leuprolide (IM/SC 45 mg q6mo) or relugolix (PO 360 mg day 1, 120 mg daily thereafter). Prior to randomization, each patient completed an ADT preference questionnaire after reviewing an education brochure describing both drugs’ administration, testosterone kinetics, and common toxicities. PROs were assessed by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Expanded Prostate Index Composite (EPIC-CP) at baseline and 3-/6-months after XRT initiation, with higher scores indicating more severe toxicity. Scores were compared using linear mixed-effects models accounting for within-subject correlations. Results: Between 06/2022 and 07/2023, 65 men were randomized (34 leuprolide, 31 relugolix). Median follow-up was 5 months (IQR 4-8). Prior to randomization, 61 (94%) preferred relugolix over leuprolide, due to faster testosterone recovery (n=36, 59%), lower CV risk (n=23, 38%), or oral administration (n=2, 3%); the four patients who preferred leuprolide all had compliance concerns with a daily oral pill. Compared with XRT+leuprolide, XRT+relugolix was associated with less impact on IPSS urinary score (mean difference [MD] -3.68, p=0.04). There was no difference in EPIC-CP incontinence (MD +0.07, p=0.91), bowel (MD +0.39, p=0.44), sexual (MD -0.74, p=0.43), or vitality (MD +0.17, p=0.80). Conclusions: In this trial of men with localized PCa treated with XRT plus ADT, most preferred relugolix over leuprolide. Relugolix, compared with leuprolide, mitigated acute urinary toxicity from XRT, perhaps due to superior castration resulting in greater prostate gland downsizing and less obstructive uropathy. Longer-term follow up is ongoing, and primary CV toxicity endpoint is expected to be complete in 2024. Clinical trial information: NCT05320406 .
Vulvar Carcinoma: Standard of Care and Perspectives
Authors: Chargari Cyrus , Wasserman Johanna , Gabro Alexandra , Canlobre Geoffroy , Spano Jean-Philippe , Uzan Catherine , Maingon Philippe
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE

Treatment of vulvar carcinoma (VC) is challenging. The objectives of this review were to describe for clinicians the epidemiologic and clinical aspects of VC, the standard of care in terms of primary local treatment and systemic therapies, and the recent innovations and perspectives emerging from translational research in immuno-oncology.

DESIGN

We conducted a comprehensive review outlying the clinical aspects and biologic background of vulvar cancer, highlighting modern treatment strategies on the basis of a personalized approach.

RESULTS

Epidemiologic data showed a recent rise in incidence of VC, attributed to human papillomavirus. Surgery is the mainstay of primary treatment, but multimodal approaches are frequently required in the presence of adverse prognosis histopathologic factors. Chemoradiation is indicated when organ-sparing surgery is not feasible. However, inability to achieve high locoregional control rates in advanced cases and the morbidity associated with local treatments are still key issues. Recent clinical data showed the benefit of individualized strategies combining organ-sparing surgical strategies, less invasive lymph node staging procedures, and refinement in radiotherapy modalities. Among the most important research area, there is a sound rationale for testing modern systemic approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors in selected patients with recurrent and/or metastatic tumors. Although no specific data exist for VC, the role of supportive care and post-treatment rehabilitation strategies is also crucial.

CONCLUSION

There are still insufficient studies dedicated to patients with VC. Public health programs for prevention, screening, and early diagnosis are required, and clinical research should be strengthened to provide high-quality clinical evidence and improve patients' oncologic and functional outcomes.
Concurrent Denosumab and Parenteral Iron Therapy Precipitating Severe Hypocalcemia and Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Ye Sylvia , Grill Vivian , Luo Jinghang , Nguyen Hanh H
Published: February 2024

Denosumab-induced hypocalcemia and iron infusion–related hypophosphatemia are both well described. We describe a case of severe hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia following sequential denosumab and parenteral iron administration. This resulted in respiratory failure due to muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmia, requiring noninvasive ventilation and urgent intravenous electrolyte replacement. This case highlights the severe dysregulation in calcium and phosphate homeostasis that can occur with denosumab and iron infusions when administered in quick succession. Given that these drugs are among the most common therapies prescribed across a range of specialties, we hope to alert clinicians to this potential serious drug-drug interaction and suggest strategies for monitoring and management of the electrolyte derangement.
MiR-145-5p overexpression rejuvenates aged adipose stem cells and accelerates wound healing
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Ren Sen , Xiong Hewei , Chen Jing , Jiang Tao , Guo Jiahe , Yan Chengqi , Chen Zhenbing , Yang Xiaofan , Xu Xiang
Published: February 2024

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been widely applied in translational and regenerative medicine. During aging, there is a recognized functional decline in ADSCs, which compromises their therapeutic effectiveness. Currently, the mechanisms of aging-induced stem cell dysfunction remain unclear, hence there is a need to elucidate these mechanisms and propose strategies for reversing this functional impairment. In this study, we found that ADSCs isolated from old donors (O-ADSCs) presented inferior phenotypes and decreased miR-145-5p levels compared to those from young donors (Y-ADSCs). To interrogate the role of miR-145-5p in ADSCs, gain- and loss-of-function assays were performed. The results indicated that miR-145-5p overexpression in O-ADSCs promoted cellular proliferation and migration, while reducing cell senescence. Further study demonstrated that miR-145-5p could regulate ADSCs function by targeting bone morphogenetic protein binding endothelial cell precursor-derived regulator (BMPER), which is a crucial modulator in angiogenesis. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that miR-145-5p-overexpressing O-ADSCs accelerated wound healing by promoting wound re-epithelialization and angiogenesis. Collectively, this study indicates that miR-145-5p works as a positive regulator for optimizing O-ADSCs function, and may be a novel therapeutic target for restoring aging-associated impairments in stem cell function.
The Mexican Biobank Project promotes genetic discovery, inclusive science and local capacity building
Authors: Sohail Mashaal , Moreno-Estrada Andrés
Published: February 2024

Diversifying genotype–phenotype databases is essential to understanding complex trait and disease etiology across different environments and genetic ancestries. The rise of biobanks across the world is helping reveal the genetic and environmental architecture of multiple disease traits but the diversity they capture remains limited. To help close this gap, the Mexican Biobank (MXB) Project was recently generated, and has already revealed fine-scale genetic ancestries and demographic histories across the country, and their impact on trait-relevant genetic variation. This will help guide future genetic epidemiology and public health efforts, and has also improved polygenic prediction for several traits in Mexican populations compared with using data from other genome-wide association studies, such as the UK Biobank. The MXB illustrates the importance of transnational initiatives and funding calls that prioritize local leadership and capacity building to move towards inclusive genomic science.
Portuguese School Teachers’ Perceptions of Physically Active Learning
Authors: Martins Clarice , Mota Jorge , Santos José , Daly-Smith Andrew , Chalkley Anna E. , Singh Amika , Ottesen Claus , Tammelin Tuija , Archbold Victoria S. J. , Silva Maria Paula
Published: February 2024

Introduction/Purpose

Limited evidence is available on teachers’ perceptions of physically active learning (PAL) in southern Europe, where this approach is not widely implemented. The age of incumbent teachers in Portugal has been increasing. Considering that teachers’ years of experience could limit their motivation for and enjoyment of new requirements of instruction, this study explored Portuguese primary school teachers’ perceptions of PAL benefits, delivery, and implementation, according to their years of teaching experience.

Methods

Primary school teachers (n = 119; 45.35 ± 7.45 yr old; 98% female) from 48 schools were allocated into two groups: <20 yr and ≥20 yr of experience. Teachers answered an online survey to assess their perceptions of PAL. Chi-square test was used to associate independent (years of experience) and dependent variables.

Results

More than 80% of the teachers agreed with PAL benefits for children’s outcomes. Associations with years of experience were seen for PAL implementation in mathematics and sciences (P < 0.05), with less experienced teachers agreeing most. Artistic and motor expressions were reported as the most suitable curricular component to use PAL (95.9% and 87.1% for <20 yr and ≥20 yr of teaching experience, respectively). Children’s satisfaction during PAL classes was reported as the main facilitator and difficulty in controlling the class as the main barrier in both groups.

Conclusion

The results showed teachers’ similar perceptions of PAL, independent of their teaching experience, although perception of adequacy of PAL for specific Portuguese curricular components differed according to years of experience. Future initiatives should consider developing training to support the implementation process. The insights learned from this study can be used to help facilitate further support for teachers about how to resolve issues relating to classroom management during PAL activities.
Analysis of a self-sufficient photovoltaic system for a remote, off-grid community
Authors: Aljuboury A. S. , Al-Azzawi W.K. , Shakier L. M. , Al-Amiery Ahmed , Kadhum A. H.
Published: February 2024

Background The escalating global population, surpassing seven billion in 2012, amplifies the strain on existing resources for food, housing, and conventional energy. Addressing these challenges requires the development of economically and environmentally viable renewable energy technologies. Photovoltaic (PV) solar modules stand out for their eco-friendly operation and reliability. In off-grid communities, stand-alone PV systems, coupled with battery storage, play a pivotal role in meeting electrical energy needs. Methods This study enhances the understanding of stand-alone PV systems through modeling and simulation using MATLAB software. A multi-crystalline PV system, specifically the Kyocera KC130GT, is investigated under varying conditions, and a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller is employed for battery charging. Results The study reveals profound effects on energy production based on the I-V and P-V characteristics of the modeled system when a PWM controller is utilized. The system demonstrates successful energy generation under different conditions, accounting for temperature variations and PV battery voltage mismatches. Conclusion The simulated model serves as a versatile system capable of detecting different conditions in varying light and temperature scenarios. Effective temperature monitoring, voltage adjustment using a suitable charger controller, and the selection of optimal materials for solar modules can significantly enhance the system’s efficiency. The results emphasize the importance of careful consideration of PV system sizing corresponding to battery capacity for improved solar system efficiency. While the cost of the modeled stand-alone PV system is currently low, scalability to larger projects may incur increased costs due to the high prices of photovoltaic panels, batteries, and other components.
A protocol for cloning, expression, and purification of Lysine exporter (LysE) gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Upadhyay Shilpa , Dhok Archana , Agarkar Vinod , Kashikar Supriya , Quazi Zahiruddin Syed
Published: February 2024

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is among the deadliest diseases and a significant cause of illnessacross the globe. Several studies on mycobacterial proteins, such as proteases and transporters that are essential for survival and pathogenesis have aimed to develop an efficient anti-tubercular agent. In mycobacterium, lysine exporter (LysE) is an amino acid transporter and a probable target for an anti-tubercular agent as it is responsible for bacterial growth inhibition and is also absent in the widely used Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Methods Some studies have purified LysE using different protocols. This study describes a protocol for purifying different constructs of LysE, focusing on its hydrophobic region using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) after expressing LysE gene in a bacterial expression system. pET vector (pET28a) is used as an expression vector. Amplified LysE gene is ligated with the pET28a vector, and the resultant plasmid is then transformed into E. coli cells. The vector has a histidine tag that makes the purification process convenient. After IMAC, the samples will be subjected to size-exclusion chromatography for further purification. Results Cloning and amplification findings will be analyzed using 1% agarose gel, and protein expression and purification outcomes will be examined using sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Domain-specific constructs of LysE can be further analyzed as an anti-tubercular agent. Conclusions Despite being a potential anti-tubercular target, research is quite limited on this protein. Therefore, we aim to purify LysE protein for further analysis. Similar protocols have already been implemented to purify several other bacterial proteins with >95% purity.
The association between vitamin D deficiency and the clinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Rachman Andhika , Rahmaniyah Rizky , Khomeini Andi , Iriani Anggraini
Published: February 2024

Background Vitamin D deficiency is an emerging public health problem that affects more than one billion people worldwide. Vitamin D has been shown to be effective in preventing and reducing the severity of viral respiratory diseases, including influenza. However, the role of vitamin D in COVID-19 infection remains controversial. This study aimed to analyze the association of vitamin D deficiency on the clinical outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among hospitalized COVID-19 patients at two COVID-19 referral hospitals in Indonesia from October 2021 until February 2022. Results The median serum 25(OH)D level in 191 hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 13.6 [IQR=10.98] ng/mL. The serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower among COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency who had cardiovascular disease (p-value=0.04), the use of a ventilator (p-value=0.004), more severe COVID-19 cases (p-value=0.047), and mortality (p-value=0.002). Furthermore, serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly different between patients with mild and severe COVID-19 cases (p-value=0.019). Serum 25(OH)D levels in moderate and severe COVID-19 cases were significantly different (p-value=0.031). Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with an increased number of comorbidities (p-value=0.03), the severity of COVID-19 (p-value=0.002), and the use of mechanical ventilation (p-value=0.032). Mortality was found in 7.3% of patients with deficient vitamin D levels. However, patients with either sufficient or insufficient vitamin D levels did not develop mortality. Conclusions COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency were significantly associated with having cardiovascular disease, mortality, more severe COVID-19 cases, and the used of mechanical ventilation. Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with an increased number of comorbidities, COVID-19 severity, and the use of mechanical-ventilation. Thus, we suggest hospitalized COVID-19 patients to reach a sufficient vitamin D status to improve the clinical outcome of the disease.
Weed science research achievements on maize in Ethiopia: a review
Authors: Negewo Takele , Dechassa Nagassa , Fufa Amare , Bidira Tigist
Published: February 2024

Recent research into assessing and combatting maize weeds was reviewed based on scientific and working reports from the year 2011 onwards in Ethiopia. This review paper covered two main topics: assessment of major weed types and their impacts, and research results of weed management in the maize cropping system of the country. More than 80 major weed floras dominated by broad leaved weeds were found infesting maize fields in different localities. By competing, toxifying and/or parasitizing maize plants, they reduce the crop germination, growth and productivity. Several experiments indicated that maize yield loss due to uncontrolled weed growth varied from 35 to 87.5%, indicating that weed management is a critical factor for maize production in the country. Hoeing, hand weeding and pre-emergence herbicides application have been the most frequently used weed control practices to minimize the competition effect of weeds. So far, there has been no effective and sustainable individual weed control method for maize fields. Thus, future research should focus on developing integrated weed management that effectively reduce weed infestation and associated impacts, and improve productivity of the crop considering socio-economic condition of a specific maize producing agro-ecology of the country.
Salutogenesis: A sense of coherence and health among British military veterans exposed to impactful life challenges - the emergence of post-traumatic growth and positive deviance within a life-story approach
Authors: Mottershead Richard , Subu Muhammad Arsyad , Al-Yateem Nabeel , Bani-Issa Wegdan , Ahmed Fatma Refaat , Abraham Mini Sara , Dias Jacqueline Maria , Habeb Mustafa Muhamad , Alonaizi Nafi
Published: February 2024

Background This study sought to capture the perspectives and experiences of two sub-groups of military veterans, namely those who had previously been identified as offenders and those employed as practitioners within the criminal justice system in the United Kingdom. Methods The lead author undertook narrative inquiry in the form of life story research. The life stories of 17 in-depth interviews were conducted across England and Wales, allowing for insight into the lived experiences of two life story trajectories of the health of military veterans. Existing literature on salutogenesis, health, post-traumatic growth, and positive deviance has also been investigated. Results Life story interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed concurrently using thematic analysis to identify emergent themes. The researchers used thematic analysis as an analytical framework to allow descriptive themes from the literature on salutogenesis, health, post-traumatic, and positive deviance to be compared with those of life-story interviews. Conclusion The study adopts a salutogenic approach, which suggests that an important indicator for a sense of coherence is enabled through the positive utilization of resilience through the reconstruction of military identity and experience. Notably, the concept of salutogenesis demonstrates the ability to draw from internal and external resources as circumstances require, to survive, and because of this, the participants’ health is maintained or improved. Hence, adaptation was notable through the coherence identified by the identity of being a veteran noted between the two subgroups and represents a continuous and dynamic process. The study suggests that the development of a sense of coherence is not restricted to the early decades of life but is a continuous process as contexts, personal circumstances, and opportunities arise. This later point is realized through the presence of post-traumatic growth and positive deviance, as they aid in the nurturing and development of a renewed sense of coherence via the known identity of military service and life.
7.R.4. Rosenmeyer, Patricia A. (2006) Ancient Greek literary letters: selections in translation
Authors: Volt Ivo
Published: February 2024

Rosenmeyer, Patricia A. (2006) Ancient Greek literary letters: selections in translation. London; New York: Routledge. (Routledge classical translations.) VIII, 168 p. ISBN-10 0-415-28551-8, ISBN-13 978-0-415-28551-3 (pb).
8.R.4. Skafte Jensen, Minna (2004) Friendship and poetry: studies in Danish Neo-Latin literature
Authors: Viiding Kristi
Published: February 2024

Skafte Jensen, Minna (2004) Friendship and poetry: studies in Danish Neo-Latin literature. Edited by Marianne Pade, Karen Skovgaard-Petersen, Peter Zeeberg. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. (Renæssancestudier; 12.) 273 p. ISBN 87-7289-961-1.
Atypical presentation of DeBakey type I aortic dissection mimicking pulmonary embolism in a pregnant patient: a case report
Authors: Lee Sou Hyun , Hong Ji Hee , Kim Chaeeun
Published: February 2024

Aortic dissection in pregnant patients results in an inpatient mortality rate of 8.6%. Owing to the pronounced mortality rate and speed at which aortic dissections progress, efficient early detection methods are crucial. Here, we highlight the importance of early chest computed tomography (CT) for differentiating aortic dissection from pulmonary embolism in pregnant patients with dyspnea. We present the unique case of a 38-year-old pregnant woman with elevated D-dimer and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, initially suspected of having a pulmonary embolism. Initial transthoracic echocardiography did not indicate aortic dissection. Surprisingly, after an emergency cesarean section, a chest CT scan revealed a DeBakey type I aortic dissection, indicating a diagnostic error. Our findings emphasize the need for early chest CT in pregnant patients with dyspnea and elevated D-dimer and NT-proBNP levels. This case report highlights the critical importance of considering both aortic dissection and pulmonary embolism in the differential diagnosis of such cases, which will inform future clinical practice.
Interpersonal patient-therapeutic team communication during COVID-19 pandemic – selected problems
Authors: Araminowicz-Kierklo Elzbieta
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Interpersonal communication is an important element of effective cooperationbetween a patient and therapeutic team. Patients ill with COVID-19 during the pandemicespecially needed a direct contact with medical staff. Introduction of modern technologiesduring COVID-19 pandemic enabled interpersonal communication between a patient andtherapeutic team.Objective: The aim of the study was presentation of the selected elements of interpersonalcommunication in the work of a nurse between a patient and therapeutic team during COVID-19 pandemic.Material and Methods. The problem of interpersonal communication between a patient andtherapeutic team during COVID-19 pandemic was analyzed based on the results of scientificstudies and perceptual experiences.Results. COVID-19 pandemic was a new challenge for therapeutic teams in patient care intreatment facilities, to provide an effective interpersonal communication. In order to improvethe quality of interpersonal communication alternative forms of communication with patientswere applied. During the COVID-19 pandemic social media played a special role in primaryhealth care. Efforts undertaken by medical staff also had to be focused on safe environment ofcare and safe work conditions.Conclusions. Interpersonal communication between a patient and therapeutic team should beimproved during the pandemic considering the provision of a high quality services for patientsin a state of threat to health and life. An improvement of the effectiveness of interpersonalcommunication is conditioned by the implementation of alternative forms of communicationwith a patient, efficient functioning of social media, provision of safe environment of patientcare and safe work conditions for medical staff.
Auditar el trabajo para reconfigurarlo: propuestas normativas ante la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible
Authors: Gil Ruiz Juana María
Published: February 2024

La crisis pandémica sufrida por el Covid-19 no tiene parangón, con un importante impacto económico y financiero, además de sanitario. Sin embargo, este propio marco nos permite y, a su vez, nos obliga a auditar los daños y repensar un nuevo marco jurídico y político que incluya a toda la ciudadanía mundial, sin penalización. La mirada para contabilizar el daño ciudadano no puede ignorar el enfoque de los derechos humanos desde la perspectiva feminista, sino que se requiere inexorablemente de una obligatoria y urgente metodología de género. Sin perder de vista los objetivos de la Agenda Mundial de 2030, y el compromiso con la erradicación de la pobreza, la incorporación de esta metodología obliga a repensar la Sociedad del Trabajo y la Sociedad de cuidados para reivindicar la importancia que para el bienestar humano tiene el trabajo realizado dentro del hogar, y la urgencia de computarlo normativa y globalmente como generador de bienes y servicios.
Patrones de movilidad y género en actividades ocupacionales de residentes de las áreas de crecimiento rural de Cuenca (Ecuador)
Authors: Flores Juca Enrique , Jiménez Pacheco Pedro , Mora-Arias Estefanía , Parrado Rodríguez Cristhian
Published: February 2024

Este artículo caracteriza los patrones de movilidad de mujeres y hombres que residen en el primer anillo de desarrollo rural de Cuenca (Ecuador). Se enfoca en quienes desempeñan actividades ocupacionales económicas remuneradas, educativas y tareas del cuidado. A partir de los datos de una encuesta representativa aplicada en la zona de estudio se describen los destinos, medios de transporte, tiempos y otras variables asociadas con sus viajes cotidianos. Los resultados muestran que la movilidad de todos los grupos se caracteriza por viajes hacia el área urbana. Sin embargo, las mujeres que desempeñan actividades remuneradas y tareas del cuidado usan más el transporte público e invierten más tiempo en sus viajes. Se concluye remarcando la importancia de los roles de género, los vínculos ocupacionales y el transporte público en la movilidad rural.