bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ameliorating effects of Astragalus maximus methanolic extract on inflammation and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Sadeghi Hoda , Sadeghi Nader , Raziani Yosra , Sridhar Katta Annaiah , Ghasemian Yadegari Javad , Moradi Mohammad Nabi
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Recent studies have reported that Astragalus spp. can display various biological effects, e.g., anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Here we decided to assess the ameliorating effects of Astragalus maximus methanolic extract (AMME) on inflammation and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The dried aerial parts were extracted by maceration technique with 70% methanol. Diabetes was induced in rats via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 65 mg/kg. Diabetic rats orally received AMME at 75-30 mg/kg for 28 days. The serum levels of glucose, insulin, liver enzymes, bilirubin, creatinine (Cr), urea (Ur), triglyceride, and cholesterol, as well as the tissue levels of oxidant/antioxidant enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by the diagnostic kits. The level of α-amylase inhibition by AMME was also determined. Results: AMME (150 and 300 mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced (P<0.001) the serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, Cr, Ur, liver enzymes, and oxidative enzymes in diabetic rats. The tissue levels of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats treated with AMME (150 and 300 mg/kg) were significantly increased (P<0.01). Treatment of diabetic rats with either 150 or 300 mg/kg AMME for 28 days significantly reduced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the pancreas. AMME inhibited α-amylase in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 18.1 μg/mL. Conclusion: This study showed that the oral administration of AMME in diabetic rats displayed a potent anti-diabetic activity through increasing insulin release and ameliorating effects on inflammation and oxidative stress; however, more investigations are desired to determine the action mechanism of the extract.
Anti-cancer effects of the extracts of broad and spirale cultivars of Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Blume on MCF-7, HepG2, and HeLa cell lines
Authors: Suphiratwanich Phanida , Buranrat Benjaporn , Boontha Supavadee
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Blume is a well-known ornamental foliage plant used as a vegetable in northern Thailand, and it is the source of numerous bioactive substances. This work explored the effects of leaf extracts of broad (BCE) and spirale (SCE) cultivars of C. variegatum on three cancer cells, including human breast, human liver, and human cervical cancer cells. Methods: Ethanolic plant extracts were prepared, and then, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), ferrous iron chelating, and lipid peroxidation assays were used to examine the flavonoid and phenolic compounds. The proliferative inhibition, growth, and migration of MCF-7, HepG2, and HeLa cancer cells, as a result of exposure to the extracts, were investigated. The extracts were investigated for their anti-cancer activities using sulforhodamine B (SRB), clonogenic, and wound-healing methods. Results: The data demonstrated that BCE and SCE contained high phenolic compounds. However, both extracts showed inactive anti-oxidant activities. Both extracts had high cytotoxicity on three types of cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner after 24-72 hours of incubation with IC50 values in a range of 208-830 µg/mL. Moreover, the prepared extracts of C. variegatum significantly inhibited colony-forming ability and cell migration on all types of cancer cells. Compared with BCE, SCE showed more potent anti-cancer activities. Conclusion: These findings revealed that SCE had higher anti-cancer activities on MCF-7, HepG2, and HeLa cancer cells than BCE. Consequently, the SCE might be used as an effective chemotherapeutic compound for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Focus on the ethnobotany of north Moroccan sage, false yellowhead, and carrot: insights into their pharmacological potential
Authors: Jeddi Mohamed , Benziane Ouaritini Zineb , Shita Rachida , Fikri-Benbrahim Kawtar
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Medicinal plants, including spontaneous or cultured herbaceous and forest products, represent an inexhaustible source of traditional and effective remedies thanks to their active major compounds. The present work consists of an ethnobotanical study of three species namely, Daucus carota, Dittrichia viscosa, and Salvia officinalis, commonly used in Taounate region (Northern Morocco) to treat various diseases. Methods: An ethnopharmacological survey was conducted in Taounate region during a period of three months from January to March 2022, using semi-structured individual interviews. Then, the collected data were analyzed statistically using Microsoft Office software "Excel 2013" and System Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Leaves, flowers, and stems were the most common parts used to prepare traditional remedies. Decoction, infusion, and cataplasm were the most used preparation methods, and the oral route was the most common method of administration for the studied plants. Moreover, the plants intervened in the treatment of digestive, genito-urinary, dermatological, neurological, and metabolic diseases. Conclusion: Information collected during this study shed light on the interesting know-how in traditional herbal medicine in the study area, and on the frequent use of medicinal plants as an alternative to synthetic drugs by the population of Taounate, to treat different diseases. Thereafter, the study’s results can constitute an important database for pharmacologists, phytochemists, toxicologists, and clinical researchers for the development of new drugs based on natural substances.
Effects of ginger and ondansetron on intra and postoperative nausea and vomiting in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: Imani Behzad , Alizade Sahar , Khazaei Salman , Hajian Pouran
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The occurrence of nausea and vomiting following anesthesia and surgery is a prevalent and distressing issue, ranking second only to pain. In this study, the effects of ginger and ondansetron in mitigating these symptoms in patients who underwent cesarean section surgery were compared. Methods: This double-blinded randomized clinical trial included 150 eligible patients who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: ginger, ondansetron, and control. The ginger group was given one 1000 mg ginger capsule, the ondansetron group was given one 16 mg ondansetron capsule, and the control group was given one placebo capsule. Participants took their designated capsules with 30 mL of water one hour before their scheduled surgery. Nausea intensity and vomiting frequency were assessed throughout the surgical procedure and at post-operation intervals of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 hours. Results: Compared to the control group, the ginger group had significantly less severe nausea during the surgery (P=0.03) and one hour after surgery (P=0.01). The ginger group also had significantly fewer vomiting episodes during the surgery (P=0.007) and half an hour after surgery (P=0.001). There was no significant difference between the ginger and ondansetron groups regarding the severity of nausea and the number of vomiting (P>0.05). Conclusion: The administration of ginger was found to be successful in alleviating the severity of nausea and vomiting both during and after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section procedures. It could be a viable alternative to ondansetron.
Antibiofilm and antibacterial activities of lupinifolin in combination with protein synthesis inhibitors against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kwaengmuang Parichart , Chaiyawong Koravich , Warong Todsapon , Rattanakiat Sakulrat , Pulbutr Pawitra
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-derived biofilm formation is a crucial virulence factor, which essentially contributes to therapeutic challenges. This study aims to evaluate the antibiofilm and antibacterial formation activities of lupinifolin, a prenylated flavanone derived from Derris reticulata Craib. stem, in combination with protein synthesis inhibitors. Methods: The crystal violet biofilm formation assay was performed to determine the biofilm formation activity. The synergistic antibacterial activities were evaluated using the checkerboard and time-kill assays. Results: Lupinifolin and tetracycline significantly reduced MRSA biofilm formation with IC50 values of 15.32 ± 5.98 and 13.42 ± 5.90 µg/mL, respectively. On the contrary, the individual treatment of streptomycin and clindamycin tended to enhance biofilm formation. Lupinifolin at the sub-MIC of 8 µg/mL in combination with certain sub-MICs of tetracycline (8 and 16 µg/mL), streptomycin (16, 32, and 64 µg/mL), or clindamycin (4, 8, and 16 µg/mL) caused significant inhibitions against MRSA biofilm formation (P<0.05). The combination of lupinifolin and streptomycin exhibited a synergy (FIC index <0.625), confirmed in the time-kill assay. Conversely, the combination of lupinifolin and tetracycline or clindamycin resulted in no interaction (FIC indices of 1.0078 and <1.0156, respectively). Conclusion: The antibacterial synergy of lupinifolin and streptomycin possibly contributed to their antibiofilm-forming activity. However, the combinations of lupinifolin and tetracycline or clindamycin conceivably executed their antibiofilm activity directly against the MRSA biofilm formation process. These findings indicate a potential role for lupinifolin as an antibiofilm enhancer to diminish MRSA biofilm formation.
Antibacterial efficacy of curcumin, allicin, gingerol and cinnamon against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study
Authors: Haripriya Vijayaragavan , Mahalaxmi Sekar , Vidhya Sampath , Purushothaman Pranav Vanajassun
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Bioactive compounds from plants have potential antimicrobial activity. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of curcumin, allicin, gingerol and cinnamon compared to 4% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against Enterococcus faecalis and its biofilm. Methods: The dry herbal compounds were diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test, time kill study, and biofilm susceptibility assay. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) was determined using agar diffusion test on Muller Hinton (MH) agar plates. MIC was evaluated using the tube dilution method. Root canals of extracted human anterior teeth were instrumented, split into two halves, autoclaved, and incubated with brain heart infusion broth containing E. faecalis for 21 days to form a biofilm. The susceptibility of the biofilm to the test solutions was evaluated by counting bacterial colonies on MH agar. Results: NaOCl exhibited potent antimicrobial activity under all tested parameters. Allicin showed a significantly greater ZOI, while curcumin showed the least MIC among the tested herbal extracts (P<0.05). MBC varied widely among the groups with no significant difference between allicin and cinnamon (P>0.05). Gingerol and cinnamon were significantly superior to the other groups killing E. faecalis within 4-4.2 min (P<0.05). Curcumin, gingerol, and cinnamon were equally efficacious as NaOCl in completely eradicating E. faecalis biofilm (P>0.05). Conclusion: NaOCl emerged as the most efficacious antibacterial agent and all herbal extracts showed significant antibacterial activity against E. faecalis.
Evaluation of herbal gel toothpaste formulated using bay leaf essential oil on physicochemical characteristics and extrinsic stain removal
Authors: Annisa Mutiara , Harsini Harsini , Murti Yosi Bayu
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Bay (Syzygium polyanthum) leaf may be used as an extrinsic stain-removing agent in toothpaste. This study assesses the formula of bay leaf essential oil toothpaste in terms of physicochemical and extrinsic stain removal properties. Methods: Using a gel composition with varying quantities of bay leaf essential oil (0%, 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5% v/v), tubes of toothpaste were formulated. Commercial stain-removal toothpaste was used as a positive control. Five toothpastes were evaluated based on their organoleptic properties, pH, moisture content, foaming ability, abrasiveness, spreadability, gritty matter, and homogeneity. Extrinsic stain removal evaluation was carried out using 20 bovine teeth that were split into five groups of toothpaste (n=4). The specimens were tea-stained and submitted to simulated brushing. The colour difference (ΔE) was analysed to evaluate extrinsic stain removal using the parameter of CIE-Lab (Commision Internacional de l’Eclairage L*a*b). Using a chromameter, the L*a*b value of the teeth before and after brushing was used to measure the ΔE value. Data were analysed through one-way ANOVA with a confidence level of 95%. Results: All tubes of toothpaste tested met acceptable physicochemical parameter standards. The bay leaf essential oil toothpaste with 0.25% and 0.5% v/v concentrations, as well as commercial toothpaste, produced better ΔE values than the 0% v/v group. There were no statistically significant differences between bay leaf essential oil at 0.5% v/v and commercial toothpaste (P>0.05). Conclusion: Results demonstrated that bay leaf essential oil toothpaste had an extrinsic stain removal effect equivalent to positive control and promoted good physicochemical characteristics.
Wound healing and antimicrobial activities of a spray gel of banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) peel extract in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) models
Authors: Rizka Ramaza , Yuandani Yuandani , Sumaiyah Sumaiyah
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Musa paradisiaca peel has inhibited microbial growth and enhanced wound healing in animal models. However, the study on its effect as a dosage form is lacking. In the present study, the antimicrobial and wound-healing effects of a spray gel of M. paradisiaca peel extracts were evaluated in rabbits. Methods: The antimicrobial and wound healing activities of a spray gel were tested at different concentrations (10%, 15%, and 20%) of banana peel extract, categorized as low concentration (SGL), medium concentration (SGM), and high concentration (SGH) groups, respectively. The antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated by measuring inhibition zone diameters. Burns were inflicted on the back area of rabbits using hot steel. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed. Results: The spray gel containing banana peel extract exhibited inhibition zone diameters of 14.2 ± 0.38 mm and 14.6 ± 0.21 mm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. SGH showed the strongest wound-healing activity of all the samples, which was comparable with bioplacenton (BG) as a positive control. The wounds healed on days 16, 16, 20, and 22 for bioplacenton, SGH, SGM, and SGL, respectively. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in collagen density and epidermal thickness between the treatment groups and the negative control (1.2 % sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC)). Conclusion: The result indicates that the spray gel of M. paradisiaca peel ethanolic extract possesses antimicrobial and wound-healing activities, emphasizing its potential to be developed as a wound healing agent.
Cognitive and histopathological effects of olive leaf extract in colchicine-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration in rats
Authors: Azzubaidi Marwan Saad , Yusoff Harmy Bin Mohamed , Al-Ani Imad Matloub
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Olive leaf extract (OLE) has robust anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A toxic dose of colchicine (COL) injected into the hippocampus disrupts the microtubules’ neuronal structure causing it to be unstable and depolymerized. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the protective effects of OLE treatment on the CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells of rats that are injected with intracranial COL. Methods: Eighteen rats were divided into control, COL-injected, and OLE-treated-colchicine-injected (COL+OLE) groups (n=6). A vehicle solution was injected into the hippocampi of the control rats, whereas 15 µg/5 µL of COL was injected into the hippocampi of COL and COL+OLE groups. Forced oral treatment with 100 mg/kg OLE was commenced a week later and continued for 15 days. Short-term memory (STM) test using the Morris water maze (MWM) was performed followed by the retention probe memory test. Hippocampal samples from animals of all groups were collected for histopathological examination and qualitative assessment of the viable pyramidal cells at the CA1 hippocampal region. Results: The control and COL+OLE groups demonstrated significantly better performance (P<0.05) in the STM test and its subsequent retention probe memory test as compared to the COL group. The morphology of the pyramidal cells of the COL+OLE treated rats was preserved, showing less distortion than the COL group. Conclusion: OLE treatment led to a considerable preservation in the STM function of rats challenged with intrahippocampal COL injection. This memory improvement of the OLE might be attributed to its promising neuroprotective potential on hippocampal pyramidal cells.
Effect of the ethanol extract of Pereskia bleo (Kunth) DC. on the blood pressure and electrolyte levels of hypertensive rats
Authors: Siska Siska , Hanani Endang , Bariroh Tahyatul , Febrianto Benny , Pratiwi Anggraita Dewi Amalia Putri , Yaner Nadhif Naufala , Fitri Nur Alfaeni
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The green cactus Pereskia bleo is thought to have anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-rheumatic properties. Additionally, it treats hypertension and diabetes; However, no scientific evaluation of its antihypertensive activity has been conducted. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of P. bleo extract (PBE) on male rats’ blood pressure, urine volume, and sodium and potassium levels. Methods: Sodium chloride (NaCl) solution (4%) was administered orally to induce hypertension. A non-invasive tail method was used to measure blood pressure. The sodium and potassium concentrations as well as the total volume of urine were measured from the collected urine. Results: Hypertensive rats’ blood pressure was reduced by 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of PBE. Similar to the positive control group (captopril dose of 1.25 mg/kg BW), the most significant drop in blood pressure was occurred at the dose of 1000 mg/kg BW (P>0.05). All treatment groups saw an increase in urinary sodium and potassium levels. Conclusion: In NaCl-induced hypertensive rats, oral administration of P. bleo ethanolic extract decreased blood pressure to the standard value by increasing urinary sodium and potassium levels. Hence, it might be used as an anti-hypertensive agent.
Suggestions for Urban Transformation through Two Applications in Ankara, the Capital of Türkiye
Authors: KOÇ Varol
Published: November 2023

Cities resembling living organisms are dynamic places that constantly change, either positively or negatively. Urban transformation is a multifaceted process with economic, social, and cultural impacts, and it should trigger socio-economic change and transformation in a positive direction. This interaction between the city and urban transformation has also been integrated with relevant laws regulating the transformation. Urban transformation, which is a complex process in itself, draws from various related processes that have been ongoing since the past. The aim of the study is to examine the factors that play a role in the change and transformation of cities, their historical development, and legal regulations by analyzing the subject through two urban transformation examples in Ankara. In this context, Altındağ, which is the first region where gecekondu settlements began in Türkiye and the North Ankara Entrance Urban Transformation Projects, which marked the first urban transformation initiated by a law, were examined.
Historias científicas como cultura: experiencia, identidad, narrativa y emoción en la comunicación pública de la ciencia
Authors: Davies Sara R. , Halpern Megan , Horst Maja , Kirby David A. , Lewenstein Bruce
Published: November 2023

Se publica el artículo de Sarah R. Davies, que forma parte del volumen 18 de la revista Journal of Science Communication, editada en 2019*. La visión que presenta la profesora Davies de la comunicación científica como cultura, es de gran interés para el monográfico que se presenta en este número de la revista Príncipe de Viana. El planteamiento de que la ciencia no es algo externo a la cultura, sino que ambas están entrelazadas, potencia la visión de cultura integral que se ofrece en esta publicación. Esta visión complementa las aportaciones de los profesores Bauer y Schäfer, ofreciendo a este volumen un marco conceptual acerca de la investigación en la comunicación y la divulgación de la ciencia. [PV].
Divulgación y cultura científica desde el Museo de Ciencias Universidad de Navarra
Authors: López Goñi Ignacio
Published: November 2023

Los museos de ciencias son útiles en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las ciencias experimentales, ayudan a despertar la curiosidad y el interés por la ciencia en general, y contribuyen en cierta medida a su democratización. Sobre la base de su colección y la experiencia docente e investigadora, el Museo de Ciencias Universidad de Navarra desarrolla actividades formativas, divulgativas, experimentales, de sensibilización ambiental, visitas y exposiciones para todos los públicos. El objetivo no es solo promover vocaciones científicas entre la juventud, sino promover una cultura científica en la sociedad, acercar, difundir y comunicar la ciencia a través de las muchas actividades que se realizan.
A Master of Science course on macromolecular X-ray crystallography resembling a realistic research project
Authors: Maksimainen Mirko M. , Cordara Gabriele , Kiema Tiila-Riikka , Koski M. Kristian , Daniel Edward , Obaji Ezeogo , Venkatesan Rajaram , Wierenga Rikkert K. , Lehtiö Lari
Published: November 2023

Macromolecular X-ray crystallography is a robust method to understand protein functions at the molecular level, deciphering their various roles in biochemical processes. This makes teaching the method relevant and important for all biochemistry majors. To promote student engagement and hands-on training, we have developed a “Macromolecular X-ray crystallography” course where students determine a protein structure while learning all the steps of the technique. The course is implemented through Moodle, a web-based Open Source learning platform. The interactive online tool facilitates teaching by providing the students easy access to the course material and by enabling efficient tracking of learning outcomes for teachers.
Strategic Positioning and Organizational Performance of Center for International Forestry Research and World Agro-Forestry in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Kariuki Emily , Karugu Janesther
Published: November 2023

The vision of the CIFOR-ICRAF is to ensure the sustainable availability of food and nutritional benefits in the world using lands, trees, and other renewable resources. CIFOR- ICRAF works in partnership with private companies, civil society, academia, and governments in delivering solutions to five major global challenges: extreme inequality, unsustainable supply and value chains, unsustainable food systems, the climate crisis, and biodiversity loss and deforestation. However, various factors have hindered this vision thereby limiting their performance. The study sought to ascertain how strategic positioning affects organizational performance of CIFOR-ICRAF in Nairobi, Kenya and specifically determine the influence of strategic leadership, mergers, and market positioning strategy on their organizational performance. The study was hinged on positioning theory, stakeholder’s theory, and resource- based theory. Descriptive research study was utilized by the study and the target population was 300 staff of CIFOR-ICRAF. The target population was sampled using stratified sampling technique whereby the CIFOR-ICRAF six main themes formed the strata and a sample of 5 staff from each stratum formed the sample size of 30 respondents. The study mainly utilized primary data gathered through structured questionnaire to collect qualitative data and secondary data mainly from the CIFOR-ICRAF reports to establish growth rate. The questionnaire was subject to pilot study, content and construct validity test and Cronbach-Alpha internal consistency reliability test. Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis (multiple regression analysis) evaluated the data. Tables and graphs displayed the study results. The study found that strategic leadership, mergers, and market positioning had a positive significant effect on the organizational performance of CIFOR-ICRAF in Kenya. The study concludes that that in strategic leadership, the leader expresses a vision for a business or organization, or its branches, and encourages more people to join them to bring the vision to light. Mergers enable organizations to secure more resources and increase their scale of operations and organizations undergo a merger to benefit their shareholders. Positioning in marketing allows organizations to influence how others view the product or services. The study recommends that the organization strategic leadership should be a forward-thinking, an effective communicator, and have the will to challenge the status quo. For successful merger, organizations should create an integration plan early in the process. Ensure that both sides are on the same page about how the combined entity will work going forward. The organization should establish its current position in the market by looking into who forms its current customer base and identifying the target market the organization wish to address.
Survey of polypharmacy prescription in a tertiary care Hospital, Belagavi
Authors:   Dept of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Sukumaran Suma , Chidambaram Hemachandrika ,   Dept of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Sundararajan Premkumar ,   Dept of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Prasad Vishwanathan Hari ,   Dept of forensic medicine, Panimalar Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu., Saisubramanian Abeetha ,   Dept of Physiology, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu., K Tejashwini ,   Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka., Sharda Renu ,   Dept of Plastic Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT Background: Polypharmacy is the use of four or more medications in one prescription or implies the prescription of too many medications for an individual. Concerns about polypharmacy include increase adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, prescribing cascade and higher cost. Objectives: To conduct a prescription survey of polypharmacy in tertiary care hospital at Belagavi. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Medicine outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital, Belagavi, after obtaining approval and clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Total 83 patients were selected by Simple Random Sampling and the data were collected prospectively by direct observation in specially designed proforma containing relevant patient details like registration number, age, gender and diagnosis, disease data and drug data. Results: Out of the total sample population (N=83), 56.62% had prescriptions falling under major polypharmacy (>6 drugs), 43.37% had prescriptions categorized as minor polypharmacy (3-5 drugs). The most common age group of patients receiving prescriptions with polypharmacy was between 41 to 60 years accounting for 38.55%. Majority of the patients receiving prescriptions with polypharmacy in our study were females (59.03%) as compared to males (40.96%). Major polypharmacy is more prevalent in patients receiving treatment for Hypertension (60.24%) followed by patients with diabetes (23.67%). Conclusion: Our prescription survey portrays polypharmacy to be widely prevalent in a tertiary care setting. Specific treatment goals with certainty are the essential need for curing diseases rather than polypharmacy, which could be a possible threat of more harm than good. Keywords: Adverse drug reaction, Drug interactions, Polypharmacy
Epidemiology and clinicopathological pattern of endometrial carcinoma in Lagos tertiary Hospitals, South-West Nigeria.
Authors:   Oncology Department, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Babatunde Alabi , Sharif Folorunso ,   Oncology Department, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Anthonia Sowumi ,   Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology Lagos University Teaching Hospital/University of Lagos, Adewumi Alabi ,   Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology Lagos University Teaching Hospital/University of Lagos, Bolanle Adegboyega ,   Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology Lagos University Teaching Hospital/University of Lagos, Abiodun Popoola ,   Oncology Unit, Dept of Radiology, Lagos State University Teaching hospital/Lagos State University
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT Background: Endometrial cancer has become a global health challenge because of its rising morbidity. Understanding the epidemiology and clinicopathological review of this disease may not only aid with treatment but also further the development of prevention strategies. Objectives: To review the epidemiology and clinicopathological pattern of endometrial cancer in 2 Lagos Tertiary Hospitals between January 1997 to December 2016. Methodology: This is a retrospective study conducted at the oncology clinics of Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH). Patients' sociodemographic variables, disease characteristics and clinical features were retrieved and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: This 20-year review revealed 162 cases. There was an increasing trend in the incidence with the highest number of cases seen in 2016 (26 patients). The age ranges from 31 to 90years with a mean of 61.0 + 10. 6years. The most common histology was endometrioid adenocarcinoma with 98(60.5%). Eighty-four (51.9%) patients presented with stage III disease, 46 (28.4%) with stage IV. All the patients presented with bleeding per vaginum, 73(45%) presented with low backache and vaginal discharge seen in 46(28.4%) patients. Conclusion: There was an increasing incidence over the years. More than three quarters presented with stage III or IV diseases. This suggests the need for a high index of suspicion for endometrial cancer especially in women with bleeding per vaginum. Keywords: Bleeding per vaginum, Endometrial carcinoma, Epidemiology, Late presentation, Nigeria.
Review of patients with chronic suppurative otitis media in the National Ear care centre, Kaduna Nigeria.
Authors:   Department of ENT, National Ear Care Centre, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria., G. Sambo Umaru , A. Sakwa Murtala ,   Department of ENT, National Ear Care Centre, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria., I. Dansani Usman ,   Department of ENT, National Ear Care Centre, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria., Abdulrahman Omodele ,   Department of ENT, National Ear Care Centre, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria., M. Ahmed Babagana ,   Department of ENT, College of Medical Sciences, Yobe state University, Yobe.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the most common condition presenting to Otolaryngological clinics, often patients present late with consequent complications that require surgical intervention. This study aimed to review the mode of clinical presentation, modality and outcome of treatment of CSOM seen at NECC Kaduna. Methodology: This was a retrospective study carried out in the National Ear Care Centre, Kaduna for a period of 3 years; from January 2016 - December 2018. Results: Two hundred and thirty-four patients with CSOM were studied. There were 127 males and 107 females making M: F =1.2:1. The age range was from 8-60years with a mean age of 26.5±12.6years. The age group 11-20 (31.2%) had the highest number. Majority presented with hearing loss and ear discharge 228(97.4%) and 182(77.8%) respectively. Other symptoms were otalgia, tinnitus, vertigo and nasal symptoms. Eleven (4.7%) had complications at presentation. Ninety-two (39.3%) had surgery, 64 had only aural toileting and dressing with topical antibiotic with recorded success as majority achieved dry ear, while 38 patients were lost to follow up. Postoperative complications include; loss of taste sensation, facial nerve palsy, recurrent/persistent ear discharge, persistent dizziness, and infection of the donor site and no mortality was recorded. Conclusion: One-third of the patients who benefitted from surgery had a good outcome and for those with conservative treatment, the majority achieved dry ear. Early presentation is advised to avoid complications. Keywords: Chronic suppurative otitis media, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Incidental finding of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in a 52-year-old man: a case report.
Authors:   Department of Radiology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria, S. Ahmadu Muhammad , U. Umar Hassan ,   Department of Radiology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria, Abubakar Farate ,   Department of Radiology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria, M Mohammed Sulaiman ,   Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) also known as Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease (APKD) is one of the most common systemic hereditary diseases. The disease usually presents between 20 to 39 years of age, although milder forms may not present until over 60 years and absence of renal failure has been rarely observed in some patients up to 80 years of age. Three distinct gene defects have been implicated in the pathogenesis of APKD designated as PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3. Patients with APKD may be asymptomatic, or may usually present with hypertension (in 50-70% of cases), renal insufficiency, and the complications of multiple cysts (haematuria, pain and infection) or as an abdominal mass discovered on incidental clinical or imaging examination. APKD is said to be rare in Africans. Case report: We report a case of an incidental finding of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in a 52-year-old normotensive man with a normal renal function test. Haematuria, dysuria and low-grade fever were the presenting complaints. The role of radiology in the diagnosis and management of ADPKD was highlighted. Conclusion: Although APKD is rare in Africans, a high index of suspicion for the disease is essential for the diagnosis of the disease especially in elderly patients with a family history of APKD who present with haematuria associated with multiple renal cysts. Keywords: Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease, Incidental finding, Normotensive.
Economic Security in the Era of Globalization (Socio-Economic Research Based on the Research Center of MediaStar)
Authors: Dudka Yurii
Published: November 2023

The monograph analyzes economic security using the example of Ukraine and other countries in the context of economic globalization. It is important to note that this research work is conducted based on the scientific center of MediaStar. MediaStar is an international educational platform specializing in the development and provision of educational services on a global scale. This center is known for its dedication to quality education and active research in the fields of education, economics, and sociology. The research project presented in the monograph has access to a wide range of informational resources, expert knowledge, and data provided by the MediaStar scientific center. This collaboration contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between economic security and economic globalization, allowing these issues to be examined based on data obtained from primary sources. Thus, the monograph is the result of the author's scientific efforts and benefits from the support and infrastructure of the MediaStar scientific center.
Conceptual solutions for the manufacture of cargo wagon bearing systems from composites (Part 1)
Authors: Fomin Oleksij , Fomina Anna
Published: November 2023

The monograph will be useful for scientists, designers, engineers whose activities are related to the improvement of technical, economic and operational indicators of non-traction rolling stock at various stages of its life cycle. In particular, the issue of the possibility and expediency of introducing various types of constructive hierarchy of components in the design of wagons. What can happen when creating new models of them or modernizing existing ones. To date, the traditional approach to creating a structure of freight wagons from steel has almost completely exhausted the potential for improving their technical, economic and operational indicators. At the same time, the experience of the development of composite materials and technologies for their creation in other branches of light and heavy engineering and instrument building indicates the prospect of deploying relevant research and development works on the use of such materials in railcar construction. The purpose of the monograph is to highlight the results obtained from the creation of conceptual solutions for the manufacture of component load-carrying systems of freight wagons from composites. The book also presents the results of previous works of a theoretical and practical nature. In particular, given. Analysis of the constructive perfection of truck wagons of the modern domestic vehicle by type. Features of calculations of conceptual solutions for manufacturing non-sowing systems cargo wagons made of composites. Concepts for freight wagons made of composites. The book can be used as a study guide for the preparation of bachelors, masters, doctors of philosophy and doctors of sciences in various specialties of transport mechanics. Including from specialties: railway transport, transport technologies, mechanical engineering, materials science and others.
THE LATEST VIEWS ON THE TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRIOS
Authors: Semenyna Halyna , Doroshenko-Kravchyk Marta , Fartushok Tetiana , Varvarych Liliia
Published: November 2023

Regardless of the localization and severity of clinical manifestations, E affects the functions of not only damaged and adjacent, but also distant organs: liver, pancreas and thyroid glands, adrenal glands, cardiovascular and nervous systems. The true mechanisms that regulate the processes of implantation and development of endometrioid heterotopias are complex and insufficiently studied, which does not allow us to assume the possibility of a complete cure, and in a number of patients, even achieving long-term remission or stopping the progression of the disease. Certain successes have been achieved in the treatment of E in recent years, especially in connection with the use of modern hormonal drugs. The treatment of clinically inactive E, which is more often observed in lesions of the peritoneum of the small pelvis, ectocervical and extracervical localizations, should be approached carefully and differentiated, since sometimes hormone therapy can contribute to the activation of the process.
STUDY OF ASSOCIATIONSHIP BETWEEN GALL STONE COMPOSITION AND BACTERIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM IN CHRONIC CALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS
Authors: Narayan Lenka Biranchi , Nayak Prajit , Kumar Garg Rahul
Published: November 2023

Background: Chronic calculous cholecystitis is the benign disease affecting the gallbladder, frequently female population of middle age. This
study was done with the objective of study the composition of gall stones, microbiological spectrum and their association in chronic calculous
cholecystitis patients. Methods: This is a prospective study done on 131 cases of chronic calculous cholecystitis admitted in the department of
General Surgery, Hi-Tech medical college and hospital, Bhubaneswar, for cholecystectomy during June 2022 to June 2023. 31 patients were
excluded from the study based on exclusion criteria. USG of abdomen was done in all 131 cases. All patients underwent either open
cholecystectomy (OC) or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).During cholecystectomy bile was aspirated and was sent to laboratory for culture.
Gallstone retrieved from the specimen and was classied based on morphology. Results: Out of 100 cases, 76 cases underwent LC and 24 cases
were done with OC. Female dominance was seen in the study (69%). The predominant type of gall stone in present study was cholesterol (68%).
The bile culture test was positive in 20% of cases. The most common isolated microorganism was E. coli (50%). No signicant association was
observed between composition/type of gall stone and isolated microorganisms in bile (p=0.126). Conclusions: The result concluded that chronic
calculous cholecystitis was more common in females of middle age group. Bile culture was positive in 20% cases and E. coli was the common
organism isolated. Identication of the type of organism is crucial for early management of the disease condition.
FOREIGN BODY INSERTION THROUGH STOMA IN A CASE OF BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kinjalk Meghna , Goyal Deepak , Saxena Gaurav , Arora Vanshika , Neogi Sujoy , K Ratan Simmi
Published: November 2023

Children are more susceptible to blunt abdominal trauma than adults due to their anatomical differences. Bicycle injuries in children are quite
common. The diagnosis is often difcult due to the variability in presentation and is also often delayed. A presentation of gastrointestinal foreign
body after its ingestion is quite a common phenomenon seen in children; however, insertion through a stoma is quite rare. A gastrointestinal foreign
body should be diagnosed and treated promptly lest complications follow. We report a case of a 9-year-old boy with ileal perforation following
cycle handle injury. The child underwent surgical intervention. On follow up, the patient presented with accidental insertion of foreign body
through an end of the intestine, which had prolapsed through the enterocutaneous stula. The foreign body was removed surgically. Patient was
discharged. In conclusion, a comprehensive management of trauma cases in the pediatric population is a necessity. In our case, over six months of
follow up, the child could make it through every stage of surgical stress because the care was focused on comprehensive management of trauma,
stoma care, nutritional aspect, physiotherapy and psychological issues.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT INGUINAL HERNIAS
Authors: Sudeep K. S. , Kumar Kl Sampath , Reddy P Chaitanya Kumar , Praneeth Praneeth , Rangaswamy Rangaswamy
Published: November 2023

Aims and Objectives : To review and assess the causes and different approaches for the management of recurrent inguinal hernias and their follow
up. The prospective study was carried out by Department of General Surgery, NARAY Methods : ANA MEDICAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITALS, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh between June 2017 to January 2019.60 male patients were chosen in the age group 40-60 years with clinical
diagnosis recurrent inguinal hernia. From the present study,The wound infection and chronic Results : pain is more with inguinal approach but no
recurrences seen and has less operative time.stoppas has a good plane of dissection and it covers the other hernias also but, seroma and recurrence
are seen with it.Laparoscopic approach require more skill and good operating unit and it is expensive and learning is long but has excellent results.
Conclusion : Lichtenstein tension free meshplasty is still the gold standard procedure.Laparoscopic procedure has the more satisfying results.
THE MORAL STATUS OF THE FETUS IN PERFORMING AMNIOCENTESIS WITH AN UTILITARIANISM VIEW.
Authors: Barman Mayuri
Published: November 2023

Medical ethics is an important area of applied ethics and abortion is one of the controversial ethics is a growing interdisciplinary eld dealing with
ethical problems in different areas of society. This topic on abortion is a serious and complex issues which raises one to analyses it from ethics point
of view. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the moral status of the fetus and second in determining the importance of fetus or its women's right on
her body. The analysis shows that to consider the fetus to have its moral status or to give importance to the women's body and her right to take
decision are falls into the same misleading and which is harmful to society. Having seen from the side of society that the entire society can never
agree on abortion, it is forced to have to moral status of the fetus and to give less importance to the women's right over her body. But we cannot
completely exclude women as the main moral agent and concentrate on the fetus separately. One should direct their attention to the relationship
between mother and the fetus and not to the fetus alone. The main idea regarding the moral status of the fetus should be based on the relationship
between the mother and the fetus where one cannot be observed separately without the other.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICALAND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICALANALYSIS OF PLEURAL NEOPLASMS
Authors: Jain Shubhra , N Shenoy Nithin , Airon Aniruddha
Published: November 2023

Background: Broadly, pleural neoplasms can be classied into primary and metastatic. Biopsy followed by immunohistochemical analysis of
pleural tissue plays a pivotal role in identication and classication of carcinomas of unknown primary siteWe enrolled 40 study subjects admitted
at IRD, SMS Medical College, Jaipur who are suitable candidates of pleural biopsy. These patients underwent image guided closed needle pleural
biopsy followed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Patients who could not be diagnosed via closed needle pleural biopsy underwent
either medical thoracoscopy or CT guided biopsy. The Clinicopathological, histomorphological ndings and immunohistochemical prole of the
study subjects was determined. Results: Mean age of the patients in the present study was 58.1+-12.4 years(range 25-76) with male predominance
of 62.5%(n=25).Shortness of breath and chest pain were found to be the most common symptom. Pleural uid cytology was positive in 52.50%
(n=21). Image guided closed pleural biopsy using Abrams needle was conclusive in 80% (n=32). In 35% of patients, histopathological examination
was metastatic adeno carcinoma or malignant mesothelioma followed by metastatic carcinoma (32.5%).In our study 87.5% (n=35) of the pleural
neoplasms were metastatic in origin amongst which metastatic adenocarcinoma (lung origin) was found to be the most common (77.14%). Primary
pleural neoplasms were found in 12.5% of cases (n=5), amongst which diffuse pleural mesothelioma was seen in 3 cases, one case of synovial
sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma were also diagnosed. Conclusion: Image-guided closed pleural biopsy is a readily accessible, minimally invasive,
rapid, and low-cost method for patients with pleural neoplasms. This can reduce the need for VATS and pleuroscopy in resource-limited settings.
Among various armamentarium collection of tools, immunohistochemical marker analysis not only helps in establishing a conrmed diagnosis but
also helps in determining the origin of the tumor, its prognosis and guide the clinician to manage accordingly.