bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of home language on the understanding of the vocabulary used in the South African version of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire Fifth Edition
Authors: McDonald Elizabeth , van Eeden René
Published: February 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the understanding of the vocabulary used in the South African version of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire Fifth Edition by native English speakers and non-native English speakers. Two prominent studies investigated the impact of home language when using the earlier version, namely, the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire South African 1992 version. Methodological suggestions following from these studies were implemented in this study and the results for the current version were compared to the findings of the earlier studies. The sample comprised 213 first-year university students from different faculties. Understanding of the vocabulary used was operationalised as the ability to provide synonyms for words used in the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire Fifth Edition. The number of correct responses to each word was reported in frequency tables for each language group and Chi-square analyses provided support for these findings. The average percentage of correct responses was calculated to allow for comparisons. The native English-speaking group performed moderately better. The non-native English-speaking respondents nevertheless performed notably higher in this study when compared to earlier studies. This was attributed partly to the changes in the design of this study. Further comparison between the language groups in this study was done using an independent samples t-test. The mean score obtained by each language group was relatively high, but a significant difference between the groups suggested greater difficulty in understanding in the case of non-native English speakers. These findings were further informed by a preliminary investigation into the level of understanding of different population groups.
Monthly averaged-hourly solar diffuse radiation model for the UK
Authors: Muneer T , Etxebarria S , Gago EJ
Published: February 2014

Monthly-averaged daily global irradiation data are now easily available from NASA website. Using established models it is then possible to decompose the daily to averaged-hourly global irradiation. The missing link so far has been hourly averaged diffuse irradiation. In this article data was pooled from 10 UK locations to obtain a regression model to complete the above missing link. It was presently shown that the averaged-data regressions are distinctly different from previously available hour-by-hour regressions.

Practical application: The present work has explored a correlation between averaged-hourly diffuse and global irradiation using the diffuse ratio–clearness index envelope. Results show that a strong regression relationship is thus obtainable. The present work has therefore the potential for other similar research that may be followed up in a likewise manner.
Stereotype Associations and Emotion Recognition
Authors: Bijlstra Gijsbert , Holland Rob W. , Dotsch Ron , Hugenberg Kurt , Wigboldus Daniel H. J.
Published: February 2014

We investigated whether stereotype associations between specific emotional expressions and social categories underlie stereotypic emotion recognition biases. Across two studies, we replicated previously documented stereotype biases in emotion recognition using both dynamic (Study 1) and static (Study 2) expression displays. Stereotype consistent expressions were more quickly decoded than stereotype inconsistent expression on Moroccan and White male faces. Importantly, we found consistent and novel evidence that participants’ associations between ethnicities and emotions, as measured with a newly developed emotion Implicit Association Test (eIAT), predicted the strength of their ethnicity-based stereotype biases in expression recognition. In both studies, as perceivers’ level of Moroccan-anger and Dutch-sadness associations (compared with the opposite) increased, so did perceivers’ tendency to decode anger more readily on Moroccan faces and sadness on White faces. The observed stereotype effect seemed to be independent of implicit prejudice (Study 2), suggesting dissociable effects of prejudices and stereotypes in expression perception.
Is Being Gifted a Social Handicap?
Authors: Coleman Laurence J. , Cross Tracy L.
Published: February 2014

The paper explores the question of how gifted and talented adolescents experience being gifted in high school. Fifteen subjects were interviewed twice while attending a special summer program in order to answer this general question. The data were analyzed and interpreted using a set of research questions which postulated that the subjects would voice feelings of difference and would make statements indicating recognition that being gifted interfered with full social acceptance. The results support the notion that many, but not all, gifted and talented adolescents experience giftedness as a social handicap. The data also suggested that some students manage information about themselves to minimize their visibility as gifted students to others.
The Cognitive Map of a Master Teacher Conducting Discussions With Gifted Students
Authors: Coleman Laurence J.
Published: February 2014

Teachers have many methods available to them for instructing students. This article presents a teacher’s perspective on conducting a discussion with a group of children who were gifted and talented. I studied one teacher using participant observation and ethnographic interviewing as he taught in a special program. I used the concept of professional practical knowledge to describe the information and skills acquired through past experience that characterized his teaching. Eight patterns of thought and behavior were central to how he conducted discussions. I organized these patterns and their subroutines into a cognitive map to represent his teaching. I discuss the cognitive map and the implications of this study for future research and for the preparation of teachers of children who are gifted.
Using Monte Carlo simulations to determine power and sample size for planned missing designs
Authors: Schoemann Alexander M. , Miller Patrick , Pornprasertmanit Sunthud , Wu Wei
Published: February 2014

Planned missing data designs allow researchers to increase the amount and quality of data collected in a single study. Unfortunately, the effect of planned missing data designs on power is not straightforward. Under certain conditions using a planned missing design will increase power, whereas in other situations using a planned missing design will decrease power. Thus, when designing a study utilizing planned missing data researchers need to perform a power analysis. In this article, we describe methods for power analysis and sample size determination for planned missing data designs using Monte Carlo simulations. We also describe a new, more efficient method of Monte Carlo power analysis, software that can be used in these approaches, and several examples of popular planned missing data designs.
Alone in Eden
Authors: Andersen Elizabeth , Spiers Jude
Published: February 2014

The Eden Alternative® is a philosophy of care and transformational model aimed at increasing quality of life for nursing home residents by enhancing institutional environments and restructuring delivery of care. Restructured care consists of three fundamental components: resident care provided primarily by care aides, enhanced responsibilities for care aides, and consistent assignment of residents to care aides. Researchers have focused on resident and family satisfaction with the model, but there is limited research evaluating the impact of the model on nursing home employees. This article is focused on their experiences. Convenience and purposive sampling were used to recruit 22 care aides from five nursing homes in a western Canadian city. Experiential interview data were collected and analyzed utilizing constant comparison to identify common themes. Although care aides initially welcomed the restructuring, they described gradually becoming overwhelmed by the work, confined by consistent assignments, and isolated from colleagues and other residents.
Reading ahead: Adult music students’ eye movements in temporally controlled performances of a children’s song
Authors: Penttinen Marjaana , Huovinen Erkki , Ylitalo Anna-Kaisa
Published: February 2014

In the present study, education majors minoring in music education ( n = 24) and music performance majors ( n =14) read and performed the original version and melodically altered versions of a simple melody in a given tempo. Eye movements during music reading and piano performances were recorded. Errorless trials were analyzed to explore the adjustments of visual processing in successful performances. The temporal length of the eye–hand span (time between gaze and the performed note) was typically around one second or less. A measure of gaze activity indicated that performers generally inspected two quarter-note areas between two metrical beat onsets. The performance majors operated with shorter fixation durations and applied larger eye–hand spans as well as greater gaze activity than education majors. The latter two measures were generally affected by unexpected melodic alterations and simple rhythmic patterns. The study manifests both the flexibility and limitations of the mechanisms of visual processing in temporally controlled music reading, addressing some of the everyday conceptions about sight-reading by means of systematic research.
When instrumentalists sing
Authors: Wallace Katherine
Published: February 2014

This study was designed to investigate the impact that choral singing has on instrumental students’ development as musicians. Instrumental music students ( N = 23) enrolled in a choral elective module at a tertiary music conservatory completed an eight-item questionnaire. Descriptive answers were collated and interpreted revealing six broad-based learning outcomes relating to physical awareness, ensemble skills, theoretical and aural skills, musicality and interpretation, aesthetic awareness, and communication and meaning. This article explores each learning outcome, as well as the experiential learning environment that is created when instrumentalists step outside of their major discipline into the choral experience. The self-reflective surveys ultimately revealed that participation in a choir can have immense impact upon instrumental students’ development as well-rounded musicians, fostering the development of musicianship and personal artistry.
A new hybrid actuation scheme with artificial pneumatic muscles and a magnetic particle brake for safe human–robot collaboration
Authors: Shin Dongjun , Yeh Xiyang , Khatib Oussama
Published: February 2014

Interest in the field of human-centered robotics continues to grow, particularly in utilizing pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) for close human–robot collaborations. Addressing the limited control performance of PAMs, we proposed a hybrid actuation scheme that combines PAMs (macro) and a low-inertia DC motor (mini). While the scheme has shown significantly improved control performance and robot safety, a small DC motor has difficulties in handling the large stored energies of the PAMs, particularly for large changes in initial load due to PAM failure. In order to further improve robot safety, we develop a new hybrid actuation scheme with PAMs (macro) and a particle brake (mini). This design allows for a higher torque-to-weight ratio and inherently stable energy dissipation. Addressing optimal mini actuation selection between a motor and a brake, and a control strategy for PAMs and a brake, we conducted comparative studies of hybrid actuations with (1) a DC motor and (2) a brake for concept validation. Experimental comparisons show that the hybrid actuation with PAMs and a brake provides higher energy efficiency for control bandwidths under 2 Hz, and more effective reduction of large impact forces due to the brake’s high torque capacity and passive energy dissipation.
Integrating contrast-enhanced sonography in the follow-up algorithm of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiofrequency ablation: single cancer center experience
Authors: Catalano Orlando , Izzo Francesco , Vallone Paolo , Sandomenico Fabio , Albino Vittorio , Nunziata Antonio , Fusco Roberta , Petrillo Antonella
Published: February 2014

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with percutaneous ablation require close follow-up for early detecting and treating tumor recurrence.

Purpose

To illustrate our single-center prospective experience on using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) as a follow-up tool alternated with computed tomography (CT).

Material and Methods

In a 7-year period 588 patients with one to three HCCs were treated with radiofrequency ablation (alone or combined with ethanol injection). Patients with completely ablated tumors at 1-month CT scan were followed up serially, using alternated CEUS (one microbubbles injection per lobe) and CT every 3 months for 2 years. In few cases magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed instead of or in addition to CT. The following patterns of recurrence were considered: A, enhancing tissue within the lesion; B, enhancing tissue adherent to the lesion; C, enhancing tissue within the same liver segment of the treated nodule; and D, enhancing tissue within a different segment. Patients with positive CEUS underwent confirmatory CT/MRI (standard reference).

Results

Median follow-up was 19 months. There were 221 recurrences. Three pattern A recurrences (2 detected by CEUS and 1 by CT), 86 pattern B recurrences (44 detected by CEUS and 42 by CT), 70 pattern C recurrences (32 detected by CEUS and 38 by CT), and 62 pattern D recurrences (23 detected by CEUS and 39 by CT). CT detected additional nodules in 16/101 patients with positive CEUS.

Conclusion

CEUS follow-up of HCC patients after ablation is feasible. Since 72% recurrences develop in the same segment of the necrotic nodule, CEUS proves to be effective despite the minor visualization of the entire liver during the arterial phase when compared to CT and MRI. Including CEUS in patient follow-up may reduce the number of CT and MRI examinations.
The Origins of the Ideal Worker: The Separation of Work and Home in the United States From the Market Revolution to 1950
Authors: Davies Andrea Rees , Frink Brenda D.
Published: February 2014

This article presents a historical analysis of the history of work/home separation in the United States. With the growth of markets and technology, work and home (which had been mixed) became separate and gendered. Early 20th-century offices adapted productivity standards from factories into the new white-collar “ideal worker” norm. By the 1950s, the office culture familiar today was well established—movies, television, and novels glorified the gendered system of professional work while also cautioning men to reserve time for family. Although the workforce has transformed since the 1950s, an ideology that naturalizes work/home separation persists.
Residents’ concerns and attitudes toward solid waste management facilities in Palestine: A case study of Hebron district
Authors: Al-Khatib Issam A , Ajlouny Hiba , Al-Sari’ Majed I , Kontogianni Stamatia
Published: February 2014

Because of many limitations, the siting, construction and operation of a new solid waste management (SWM) facility is a significant challenge in Palestine. A SWM facility should operate in a sustainable in all aspects, including social acceptance, environmental protection, financial equity, and, in this particular case study, the political acceptance of all regional parts is extremely important. This article presents the outcomes of an extended study that aimed to investigate the concerns and attitudes of the residents of Hebron governorate related to the entire lifecycle of SWM facilities. A structured questionnaire was developed based on literature reviews and was distributed to residents in three different communities in the same governorate with various lifestyle backgrounds. The overall investigation focused on the collection of raw data regarding citizens’ levels of concern regarding the environmental impacts of SWM facilities, the general waste management aspects, the benefits gained by the operation of various types of SWM facilities and the attitudes during the construction period of each facility. The results show that concerns about water pollution are significant; the benefits gained as a result of the operation of SWM facilities, particularly the heat supply from incinerators, are welcomed; and ‘not in my backyard’ syndrome is highlighted. The outcomes of this research are input data for the development of a roadmap that may include educational programs, incentive schemes and active public involvement during all phases of the implementation of SWM facilities (planning, siting, operation), in order to also ensure public acceptance, participation and regional sustainable development.
In Their Own Words
Authors: Edwards Katie M. , Probst Danielle R. , Tansill Erin C. , Dixon Kristiana J. , Bennett Sidney , Gidycz Christine A.
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this study was to utilize a mixed methodological approach to better understand the co-occurrence of perpetrator tactics and women’s resistance strategies during a sexual assault and women’s reflections on these experiences. College women were recruited from introductory psychology courses and completed both forced-choice response and open-ended survey questions for course credit. Content-analytic results of college women’s written responses to an open-ended question suggested that women’s resistance strategies generally mirrored the tactics of the perpetrator (e.g., women responded to perpetrator verbal pressure with verbal resistance). However, there were some instances in which this was not the case. Furthermore, a number of women expressed a degree of self-blame for the sexual assault in their responses, as well as minimization and normalization of the experience. These findings suggest that sexual assault risk reduction programs need to directly address victims’ self-blame as well as create an atmosphere where societal factors that lead to minimization can be addressed.
Low (Female) Pay, No Way
Authors: Brown Duncan
Published: February 2014

The UK is currently experiencing declining real incomes which are disproportionately affecting the low paid It also faces a stubborn gender pay gap of c15%. The author demonstrates the association between these issues, with the majority of low paid workers being female. He suggests HR and compensation professionals need to give higher priority to gender pay issues, and suggest workable actions they can take to close the gender pay gap, and generate business returns on any additional costs involved.
Synthesis and characterization of high refractive epoxy prepolymers with different molecular structures
Authors: Luo Chaoyun , Zuo Jiandong , Yuan Yanchao , Zhao Jianqing
Published: February 2014

Three kinds of epoxy prepolymers with high refractive index, diglycidyl ether of thiodibenzenethiol (DGETDBT), diglycidyl ether of thiobis-phenol (DGETP), and diglycidyl ether of oxydiphenol, were synthesized via a two-step method, and the relationship between the chemical structure and refractive index of epoxy prepolymer was discussed. Their chemical structures were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The curing behavior of all the epoxy prepolymers cured with methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and was compared with that of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). Thermal and optical properties of these cured epoxy resins were investigated using thermogravimetric analyses, ultaviolet–visible scanning spectrophotometer, and Abbe refractometer, respectively. The results showed that three kinds of epoxy prepolymers had the similar thermal property and curing behavior. The sulfur atoms in DGETDBT and DGETP had contributed to an obvious increase in their refractive indexes, while the methyl group in DGEBA cut down its refractive index. The DGETDBT has the biggest refractive index (1.665), followed by the DGETP with 1.612. But the high cost and the lower thermal decomposition temperature of cured DGETDBT/MHHPA resin will limit its application. The refractive index of cured DGETP/MHHPA resin, with preferable thermal stability and acceptable price, is 1.595, which is higher than that of DGEBA/MHHPA resin (1.568). Therefore, DGETP resin can be expected to be a kind of the more effective encapsulant to light-emitting diode.
Investigation of ultrasonic-assisted wire electrical discharge turning based on single discharge analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Aminollah , Fadaei Tehrani Alireza , Abdullah Amir , Danesh Mohammad
Published: February 2014

In ultrasonic-assisted wire electrical discharge turning, the longitudinal ultrasonic vibration of the wire creates a longitudinal compressive and rarefaction wave front, which is successively aiding very violent and accelerative mass to transfer across the spark gap, acting as a pump, causing higher debris suspension and evacuation from the gap and higher dielectric fluid renewal. For this purpose, a specially designed and fabricated turning spindle is used. An auxiliary device which produced the ultrasonic vibration was installed between the two wire guides. The ultrasonic system consists of an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, and a wire holder. When the wire is being driven, the transducer and the wire holder are vibrated under the resonance condition. In this study, the size of eroded craters, surface roughness, recast layer thickness, and micro-crack, measured on the workpiece (anode) were found to be highly influenced by the applied ultrasonic vibration. It was found that the volume of the eroded craters increased by applying the ultrasonic vibration based on single discharge analysis. This means that the remaining lower melting material leads to the reduction of the recast layer thickness and micro-cracks. Based on the obtained results, in this process, the surface roughness is not changed under low discharge energy (finishing condition).
Development of dieless metal bellows forming process with local heating technique
Authors: Zhang Zicheng , Furushima Tsuyoshi , Manabe Ken-ichi , Tada Kazuo , Sasaki Osamu
Published: February 2014

In the traditional manufacture methods of metal bellows, such as tube bulging and hydroforming, the dies and tools are generally used. In these methods, it is very inconvenient to change the shapes of bellows because the dies and tools should be changed, which often result in extremely high cost. In this study, a novel manufacture method without any dies and tools for producing the metal bellows with various shapes was proposed. This novel method is called as dieless bellows forming process with local heating technique. The factors which affect the shape of metal bellows and the deformation behavior of metal tubes during the dieless metal bellows forming process were investigated by experiment and finite element method simulation in this study. The metal tubes (SUS304, JIS) with the dimensions of 13.8 (D)×2 (t) mm and 25 (D)×2 (t) mm were used to study the availability of the newly proposed method for manufacturing the metal bellows with different tubular materials. As a result, the metal bellows with good shapes were successfully obtained using the newly proposed method. The results also showed that the shape of the metal bellows can be easily changed by adjusting the compression ratio. It was clarified that the deformation parameters, such as compression ratio and heating length, have the significant effects on the convolution height, pitch and deformation behavior of metal tube during dieless metal bellows forming process. The suitable parameters should be chosen to manufacture the metal bellows with the expected shape.
The effects of x-ray radiation on the eye development of zebrafish
Authors: Zhou R , Si J , Zhang H , Wang Z , Li J , Zhou X , Gan L , Liu Y
Published: February 2014

The toxic effects of x-ray radiation on eye development was measured using zebrafish as a model organism. Zebrafish embryos at 8 h post-fertilization (hpf) were irradiated using X-rays at doses of 1, 2, 4, and 8 Gy. At 24 and 48 hpf, x-ray radiation induced a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and cell apoptotic signals. Both of these increases were dose dependent and there were significant positive relationships between them at 24 hpf. At 48 and 72 hpf, the increase of ROS concentration can be eliminated by increasing activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Although the ROS generated by x-ray radiation caused a significant increase in cell apoptosis at 24 and 48 hpf, the cellular layers of the retina and lens formation in the irradiated groups were not significantly disrupted at 144 hpf compared with the control group, with the exception of a heterogeneous distribution of the cells in inner nuclear cell layer and a significant decrease in the diameters of whole eyes after 8 Gy irradiation. X-Ray radiation at later stages of gastrulation may not cause distinct optic complications; however, there is still a risk of microophthalmia at high doses of irradiation.
Pilot study of a high-frequency school-based hearing screen to detect adolescent hearing loss
Authors: Sekhar Deepa L , Zalewski Thomas R , Ghossaini Soha N , King Tonya S , Rhoades Julie A , Czarnecki Beth , Grounds Shannon , Deese Barry , Barr Ashley L , Paul Ian M
Published: February 2014

Objective

Like most of the United States, school-based hearing screening in Pennsylvania focuses on low-frequency, conductive hearing losses typical for young children, rather than the high-frequency, noise-induced hearing loss more prevalent among adolescents. The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of current school hearing screening in Pennsylvania with hearing screening including high frequencies, designed to detect adolescent hearing loss.

Setting

A single public high school.

Methods

In the Autumn of 2011 the high-frequency screen was delivered alongside the Pennsylvania school screen for students in the 11th grade. Screening referrals and a subset of passes returned for “gold standard” testing with audiology in a sound treated booth, in order to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the screening tests.

Results

Of 282 participants, five (2%) were referred on the Pennsylvania school screen, and 85 (30%) were referred on the high-frequency screen. Of the 48 who returned for gold standard testing with audiology, hearing loss was diagnosed in 9/48 (19%). Sensitivity of the Pennsylvania and high-frequency screens were 13% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0–53%) and 100% (95% CI 66–100%) respectively. Specificity of the Pennsylvania and high-frequency screens were 97% (95% CI 87–100%) and 49% (95% CI 32–65%) respectively.

Conclusions

Current school hearing screens have low sensitivity for detection of adolescent hearing loss. Modifying school-based protocols may be warranted to best screen adolescents, and make optimal use of school nurse time and effort.
Taking sex off the sidelines: Challenging heteronormativity within ‘Sport in Development’ research
Authors: Carney Alison , Chawansky Megan
Published: February 2014

The majority of ‘Sport in Development’ (SiD) research imparts a heteronormative framework that serves to prevent nuanced understandings of how sexuality and gender matter in programming that aspires to achieve development through/with sport. The authors review existing SiD academic literature and draw on personal work and research experiences within the SiD field to evidence this claim. Three reasons for this heteronormative frame are identified: (1) limited engagement with themes of sexuality within research on international development; (2) few examinations of queer desire and sport in areas of the Global South; and (3) the emphasis on quantitative monitoring and evaluation tools within SiD programming. The authors conclude by offering suggestions on how to challenge the existing heteronormative framework within SiD research.
Caregivers Experiences of Managing Medications for Palliative Care Patients at the End of Life
Authors: Sheehy-Skeffington Barbara , McLean Sarah , Bramwell Michael , O'Leary Norma , O'Gorman Aisling
Published: February 2014

Informal caregivers are important in enabling palliative care patients to die at home, including their role in managing medications. Often these patients are taking multiple medications, imposing an unnecessary burden on those who are already struggling with oral intake. A literature review revealed that, while there are a number of qualitative studies published examining the experience of caregivers looking after patients at the end of life, there is a dearth of published studies specifically examining the impact of managing medications on caregivers. This study explores the experience of caregivers managing medications for patients dying at home, focusing on the impact of polypharmacy, the use of syringe drivers and the use of “as needed” medications for symptom control. Three focus groups were performed, involving bereaved caregivers of patients that had died at home, and were analysed using content thematic analysis. Themes that emerged include: the significant burden of polypharmacy; the positive impact of subcutaneous infusions; the value of being able to give medications as needed for symptom control; the importance of clear guidance to assist with medication management. Strategies are suggested that might ease the burden of medications at the end of life.
Febuxostat as a Novel Option to Optimize Thiopurines’ Metabolism in Patients With Inadequate Metabolite Levels
Authors: Doré Maxime , Frenette Anne Julie , Mansour Anne-Marie , Troyanov Yves , Bégin Josiane
Published: February 2014

Objective: To report the use of febuxostat in order to potentiate thiopurines’ metabolism in a patient on azathioprine (AZA) therapy with low metabolite 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN) levels and elevated metabolite 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) levels. Case Summary: A 44-year-old woman with a history of anti–signal recognition particle necrotizing myopathy was treated with AZA-allopurinol combination therapy. When she developed an atypical drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, allopurinol was replaced by the new xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor febuxostat, at a daily dose of 40 mg. Febuxostat-AZA combination was successful with 6-TGN reaching therapeutic levels while 6-MMP levels remained low. After 5 months, she developed similar manifestations that she had presented on AZA-allopurinol combination. Febuxostat and AZA were then stopped. Discussion: AZA and 6-MP are both inactive pro-drugs that undergo a complex metabolic transformation leading to active 6-TGN and potentially hepatotoxic 6-MMP. Some patients with unfavorable thiopurine metabolism might benefit from addition of XO inhibitor allopurinol in order to potentiate 6-TGN and reduce 6-MMP levels. It is likely that febuxostat, via its XO inhibition, would exhibit the same effect on thiopurines’ metabolism. Conclusion: It has been shown that low dose of febuxostat was able to prevent hypermethylation and to potentiate 6-TGN levels in an AZA-treated patient. Thus, febuxostat could be useful in optimizing thiopurines’ metabolism, but more data are needed before this practice can be recommended. The mechanisms by which febuxostat optimizes thiopurines’ metabolism remain to be confirmed. Also, the optimal dose of febuxostat for this use remains to be determined.
Occupational Engagement Scale–Student
Authors: Cox Daniel W. , Krieshok Thomas S. , Bjornsen Abby L. , Zumbo Bruno D.
Published: February 2014

The Occupational Engagement Scale–Student (OES-S)—a 9-item measure of occupational engagement in college students—was developed and initial validity evidence is presented. Using two samples of college students, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the measure’s unidimensionality. Criterion validity was supported via the OES-S predicting (a) vocational identity, (b) academic major satisfaction, (c) gains in personal development, (d) gains in vocational competence, and (e) gains in general education. Implications for practice, theory, and future research are discussed.
Mechatronic control of a composite shell containing fluid
Authors: Najafi Ali
Published: February 2014

In this paper, boundary control of a composite shell vibrations containing fluid (partially filled with a fluid) is studied. The linear boundary control laws consisting of forces and moments from the boundaries of the composite shell stabilize the vibrations. The fluid has free surface and boundary stabilization is attained without using in domain attached actuators. This research utilizes semigroup techniques and LaSalle invariant set theorem to prove the boundary stabilization.
Muslim and Jewish Teachers’ Conceptions of the Male School Principal’s Masculinity
Authors: Arar Khalid Husny , Oplatka Izhar
Published: February 2014

This qualitative research examined perceptions of Muslim and Jewish teachers in Israel concerning the masculinity of male school principals, and the way in which these perceptions affect principal–teacher relationships. Muslim and Jewish teachers studying for master of arts’ degrees in a university and a teacher-education college in Israel completed open questionnaires and participated in semi-structured interviews. Findings indicated similarities and differences between the perceptions of the two different cultural groups, highlighting reciprocal principal–teacher influences and elucidating a cultural discourse concerning a principal’s perceived masculinity and femininity. It is concluded that the concept of the school principal’s masculinity is a fluid social construct, varying according to cultural–ideological perceptions that affect the principal’s own preferred communication patterns in the school. Since both masculine and feminine qualities are needed for effective education leadership, a policy advocating employment of female mentors for newly appointed principals, in order to give voice to female qualities in principalship, is strongly recommended.
An exploration of the experience of attending the Kidstime programme for children with parents with enduring mental health issues: Parents’ and young people’s views
Authors: Wolpert Miranda , Hoffman Jasmine , Martin Amelia , Fagin Leonard , Cooklin Alan
Published: February 2014

The Kidstime programme is an innovative attempt to address the particular needs of children and young people who have parents with mental illnesses. It comprises a monthly psycho-educational workshop involving discussions about the meaning of mental health, dramatizations of stories constructed by the children (often filmed), and concurrent parents’ groups, as well as joint seminars and review sessions. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of interviews with young people ( n=6) and parents ( n=5) attending the groups and interviews with former service users ( n=9). Five themes emerged from the thematic analysis: initial engagement, sharing with others, learning about mental health, opportunity for fun and impact on family relationships. Areas for further development were identified including the formation of a distinct adolescent Kidstime workshop to better meet their age-specific needs, and adjustments to the system for introducing new families to established workshop groups. Given the positive experience of the groups by those attending, a rigorous evaluation of the approach is suggested.
The multi-feature hypothesis: Connectionist guidelines for L2 task design
Authors: Moonen Machteld , de Graaff Rick , Westhoff Gerard , Brekelmans Mieke
Published: February 2014

This study focuses on the effects of task type on the retention and ease of activation of second language (L2) vocabulary, based on the multi-feature hypothesis (Moonen, De Graaff, & Westhoff, 2006). Two tasks were compared: a writing task and a list-learning task. It was hypothesized that performing the writing task would yield higher retention and ease of activation of the target words than performing the list task. Translation tests and picture description tests were used to measure acquisition of the target vocabulary. Think-aloud protocols were used to study task performance. Results show that the writing group significantly outperformed the list group on both test types and on both direct and delayed tests. These findings are discussed in the light of task design characteristics and the issue of time on task.
Effect of post-cure on adhesively bonded functionally graded joints by induction heating
Authors: Carbas RJC , Silva LFM da , Critchlow GW
Published: February 2014

Functionally graded joints with an adhesive functionally modified by induction heating confer a more uniform stress distribution along the overlap and reduce the stress concentrations located at the ends of the overlap. The adhesive stiffness varies gradually along the overlap, being maximum in the middle and minimum at the ends of the overlap. This work studies the effect of post-curing on functionally graded joints obtained by induction heating. The performance of functionally graded joints, when submitted to different post-cure temperatures, was experimentally tested. Three different post-curing conditions were considered, with temperatures above and below the glass transition temperature of the fully cured network, Tg∞. The functionally graded joints (with and without post-cure) were compared with joints cured isothermally (with and without post-cure). The cure temperature values applied to the ends and to the middle of the graded joint are the same temperatures used to cure the isothermally cured joints. Analytical modelling was used to predict the failure load and to assess the effectiveness of the graded joint concept. The functionally graded joints subjected to post-cure at low temperatures (below Tg∞) show a slight decrease of the strength and the joints cured isothermally show a slight increase of the strength. With increase of the post-cure temperature (above Tg∞) the functionally graded joints exhibit strength similar to that of the joints cured isothermally. However, even for the highest post-cure temperatures, the functionally graded joints have a slightly higher strength.
Does Bettor Sentiment Affect Bookmaker Pricing?
Authors: Flepp Raphael , Nüesch Stephan , Franck Egon
Published: February 2014

This article uses bookmaker betting volume data to test the influence of bettor sentiment on bookmaker pricing in the over/under 2.5 goals betting market. In an average match, more than 80% of the volume wagered is concentrated on the over bet as cheering for a high score is more attractive than betting against it. We do not find that this volume imbalance is associated with systematic biases in bettor returns. High price transparency seems to prevent bookmakers from systematically distorting their odds in order to exploit bettor sentiment.
Free-Style Dual Plane Recycling Tensor Fascia Lata Musculocutaneous Perforator Flap for Reconstruction of Recurrent Trochanteric Defects
Authors: Han Ba Leun , Choi Hwan Jun
Published: February 2014

Sequential flap coverage might be required for recurrent defects, but reusing a flap as a donor site has seldom been reported. The concept of a “free-style flap” has been developed, and it allows reconstructive surgeons to raise flaps with various designs reliably, even at sites of previous flap surgery. This article presents the concept of free-style recycling of a tensor fascia lata flap into a perforator-based flap separated in 2 planes in a patient with a recurrent bilateral trochanteric defect. If a reliable perforator is preserved and identified within the tissues by computed tomography angiography or a Doppler device, a new perforator flap can be designed and raised at the previous flap site.
Attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease by an anti-malaria drug, chloroquine
Authors: Morimura Toshifumi , Numata Yurika , Nakamura Shoko , Hirano Eriko , Gotoh Leo , Goto Yu-ich , Urushitani Makoto , Inoue Ken
Published: February 2014

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a hypomyelinating disorder caused by the duplication and missense mutations of the proteolipid protein 1 ( PLP1) gene. PLP1 missense proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of premature oligodendrocytes and induce severe ER stress followed by apoptosis of the cells. Here, we demonstrate that an anti-malaria drug, chloroquine, decreases the amount of an ER-resident mutant PLP1 containing an alanine-243 to valine (A243V) substitution, which induces severe PMD in human. By preventing mutant PLP1 translation through enhancing the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha, chloroquine ameliorated the ER stress induced by the mutant protein in HeLa cells. Chroloquine also attenuated ER stress in the primary oligodendrocytes obtained from myelin synthesis deficit ( msd) mice, which carry the same PLP1 mutation. In the spinal cords of msd mice, chloroquine inhibited ER stress and upregulated the expression of marker genes of mature oligodendrocytes. Chloroquine-mediated attenuation of ER stress was observed in HeLa cells treated with tunicamycin, an N-glycosylation inhibitor, but not with thapsigargin, a sarco/ER Ca2+ATPase inhibitor, which confirms its efficacy against ER stress caused by nascent proteins. These findings indicate that chloroquine is an ER stress attenuator with potential use in treating PMD and possibly other ER stress-related diseases.
Contralesional Arm Preference Depends on Hemisphere of Damage and Target Location in Unilateral Stroke Patients
Authors: Mani Saandeep , Przybyla Andrzej , Good David C. , Haaland Kathleen Y. , Sainburg Robert L.
Published: February 2014

Background. Previous research has shown that during simulated activities of daily living, right-handed stroke patients use their contralesional arm more after left- than right-hemisphere stroke. These findings were attributed to a hand preference effect. However, these decisions about when to use the contralesional arm may be modulated by where in the work space the task is performed, a factor that could be used in physical rehabilitation to influence recovery by decreasing learned nonuse. Objective. To examine how target location and side of stroke influences arm selection choices for simple reaching movements. Methods. A total of 14 right-handed stroke patients (7 with left-hemisphere and 7 with right-hemisphere damage [RHD]), with similar degrees of hemiparesis (Fugl-Meyer motor score), and 16 right-handed controls participated in this experiment. In a pseudorandom fashion, 32 targets were presented throughout the reachable horizontal plane work space, and the participants were asked to select 1 hand to reach the target on each trial. Results. The group with left-hemisphere damage chose their contralesional arm significantly more often than the group with RHD. Patients with RHD also chose their left (contralesional) arm significantly less often than the control group. However, these patterns of choice were most pronounced in the center of the workspace. Conclusion. Both the side of hemisphere damage and work space location played a significant role in the choice of whether to use the contralesional arm for reaching. These findings have implications for structuring rehabilitation for unilateral stroke patients.
Clinical Implications of Impaired Sleep
Authors: Terre Lisa
Published: February 2014

Despite its pervasiveness in primary care, deficient sleep often is underappreciated as a cue to other health risks. Accordingly, this review discusses contemporary evidence-based perspectives on impaired sleep and its associations with other lifestyle medicine concerns, including obesity, cardiovascular conditions, psychological problems, and health-compromising habits. The potential clinical benefits of promoting sleep health also will be considered.
Iranian teachers’ perceptions of teacher leadership practices in schools
Authors: Aliakbari Mohammad , Sadeghi Aghdas
Published: February 2014

Teacher leadership is increasingly seen as a key option for school reform and improvement. However, despite the extensive literature on teacher leadership, this issue has achieved little attention in Iran. To fill such a research gap, the present study examined teacher leadership practice in a sample of Iranian schools. The ‘Teacher Leadership School Survey’ developed by Katzenmeyer and Moller (2009) was administered to 213 teachers across 22 schools in Kermanshah province. The intention was to examine the teachers’ perceptions of teacher leadership practice in schools and the ways through which such perceptions might have been influenced by variables including gender, age, teachers’ educational degree, teaching experience and school level. The results of descriptive statistics, t-test and one-way ANOVA revealed that teacher leadership was practiced above sometimes and closer to often in the sample schools. Further, data analysis indicated significant differences in teachers’ perceptions of teacher leadership practice with reference to their educational degree and the level they taught. However, teachers’ age, gender, and years of teaching experience did not appear as significant factors.
Personal values of principals and their manifestation in student behaviour
Authors: Branson Christopher M , Baig Sharifullah , Begum Abida
Published: February 2014

Although there is growing research evidence to support the view that the leadership practice of the school principal is the second-most important influence on student learning behind classroom teaching, there is no clarity about what, exactly, the principal is meant to do to ensure this outcome. Hence, Leithwood et al. (2010) propose that one of the principal’s important influences on student learning is the ‘rational’ path, which includes the issue of school-wide disciplinary climate. This argues that the principal plays a pivotal role in establishing the school-wide disciplinary climate that aids student learning. This article reports upon research conducted in Pakistan that focuses on the disciplinary climate aspect of school leadership by exploring how the personal values of principals are made manifest in student behaviour. Data from this research infers that the establishment of an appropriate school-wide disciplinary climate for improving student learning is influenced by two important factors. First, there needs to be an alignment between personal and organizational values and behaviour throughout the school. Secondly, the consistency of alignment between the values and behaviour of the principal, in particular, is the cornerstone in creating a beneficial school-wide disciplinary climate.
Synthesising theory and practice
Authors: Jones Sandra , Harvey Marina , Lefoe Geraldine , Ryland Kevin
Published: February 2014

Changes facing higher education from increased government, student and community demands are resulting in a greater focus on leadership within universities. Attempts to adapt to higher education theory that underpins leadership in other sectors have been criticised for failing to recognise its unique role in the development of creative and innovative thinking required to increase and exchange knowledge. What is needed is a new approach to leadership that goes beyond individual control and management bureaucracy to embrace more sharing and collaboration. One such approach is distributed leadership; however, existing research into distributed leadership in higher education has been criticised for being normative and less democratic than is suggested in its theorisation. The research for this paper focuses on the reflections of participants in projects designed to use distributed leadership to build leadership capacity in learning and teaching in Australian higher education. The outcome was a resource designed to identify actions needed to enable a distributed leadership process that is genuinely aimed at engaging staff in influencing leadership decision making. The authors propose that this paper extends research in distributed leadership beyond the normative, subjectivist functionalist research for which it is criticised, towards a more universally applicable research paradigm.