bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Développement de l'espèce et conservation des races. Abel Gruvel (1870-1941) et la protection de la nature dans les colonies françaises
Authors: Debaz Josquin
Published: September 2022

À l’issue d’un début de carrière dans l’univers des stations de biologie marine de la fin du xixe siècle et de la zoologie appliquée à l’agriculture, Abel Gruvel participe à la fondation de Port Etienne et devient l’agent de développement des pêcheries du ministère des Colonies et du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. Après s’être penché sur une réglementation de la chasse aux Cétacés, Gruvel participera à de nombreuses commissions et congrès de protection de la Nature, contribuant à la préparation ou à la création de cadres législatifs pour cette protection dans les Colonies. Avec une approche particulière de la zoologie, entre science pure et science appliquée, il va amener une vision pratique, économique voire eugéniste dans le régime de conservation de la Nature dans les colonies françaises. Ses principaux élèves, Georges Petit et Théodore Monod en tête, vont être fortement influencés par cette vision.
Sustaining Women's Empowerment Through Gender Equality
Authors: El-Kafafi Siham
Published: September 2022

Women's empowerment is one of the main topics discussed as a means of closing the gender gap and achieving equality and inclusion for women in relation to their health, education, and economic status (i.e., all aspects of their lives) and to realise their human rights as one of the United Nations Goals 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This research investigates the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the progress and achievement of the UN 2030 Goal 5. It reports on actions taken by some governments over the world to combat the effects of the pandemic especially in relation to women empowerment and gender equality. Research sheds light on both negative and positive outcomes resulting from COVID-19 and provides recommendations for policy makers in various fields to work collaboratively to take further measures on the road of achieving the required outcomes for UN 2030 Goal 5.
Managing Human Resources in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tan Chiu-Pih (Kaylie)
Published: September 2022

This study examines gender equality issues in the workplace in Malaysia and New Zealand during the COVID-19 pandemic and their consequences for practicing human resource management (HRM) in light of potential social-economic influences. Based on the literature reviewed, content and thematic analysis are employed. Emerging themes, such as country profile, female representation in employment rate and labor force participation rate, gender wage gap, and women in senior management roles, in these two countries are discussed. The COVID-19 alert and protection systems adopted by these countries are compared and their implications on HR practices are examined. Overall, the workforce in Malaysia appeared to experience relatively more complex challenges than that of New Zealand. The current study highlights the importance of positioning the development stages and roles of HR adopted by an organization so that HR professionals, business managers, government, and higher education institutions can work collaboratively to close gender equality gaps in the workplace in these countries.
Situational Analysis of Women Factory Workers
Authors: Khalid Javeria , Hureem Uzooba , Sardar Muhammad Shahzad , Masood Sameen , Majid Hadia
Published: September 2022

In the manufacturing industry of Pakistan, women are a hardworking yet meagre portion of the workforce with limited workforce rights. This chapter details the work dynamics of women from the manufacturing industries in Pakistan. The key objective of the research is to investigate factors that contribute to the overall job satisfaction of women and to understanding the rewards which hold valence for women supporting designing human resource (HR) policies focusing on increased retention. Primary data were collected through survey (n = 252). Logistic regression analysis was performed with overall job satisfaction as the dependent variable and a list of expected rewards as the independent variables. The results indicated that job security had a significant positive impact on overall job satisfaction and hence was the most crucial factor among the list of expected rewards. The analysis elaborates facets of workplace facilities that are most valued by females. It draws upon some of the key initiatives taken by Punjab government regarding employers' compliance with the reform acts.
Factors Influencing Female Undergraduate Business Students' Work in Digital Companies in Indonesia
Authors: Tenggara Selvi , Basbeth Firdaus , Indrajaya Amelia Naim
Published: September 2022

The research problem is that despite the benefit of gender equality to propel commercial growth, women in Indonesian digital technology sector are disproportionately outnumbered. The purpose of this quantitative study is to examine the factors that influence female undergraduate business students at seven private universities in the Greater Jakarta region to work in digital companies in Indonesia. The research could shed light on the relationship between personal attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control towards the intention of female undergraduate business students to work in digital companies with employer branding as the moderating variable. This study contributed to the worldwide phenomena by examining the characteristics that influence female undergraduate business students' intentions to work in digital firms at seven private institutions in the Greater Jakarta region.
Health Leadership and Human Rights During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pedersen Eline
Published: September 2022

This chapter discusses the work of Cyprus-based NGO Birth Forward and explains its efforts in restoring women's health rights during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cyprus faced a C-section epidemic for years, an issue which this NGO has worked for years to help raise awareness of the potential risks for the mom and newborn. The issue worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, where all COVID-19-positive pregnant women were forced to deliver their babies via C-section. Birth Forward's initiatives add pressure to the governing bodies and helped change this medically unsupported practice. Through using supported research and long-term experience of the NGO's scientific board, hospitals in Cyprus changed the COVID-19 measures and allowed pregnant women the right to choose the way they want to give birth. The chapter concludes with a report on the importance of the NGO sector during a crisis, as it serves as a bridge between people and deciding entities.
The Imitation Game
Authors: Rogora Alessandro , Carli Paolo , Trevisan Alessandro
Published: September 2022

The chapter concerns a research experience related to the design and online publication of The Imitation Game (TIG), a game whose goal is to identify sustainable behaviors and interventions on a local scale, increasing both the degree of awareness and the level of intangible assets, available to an established community. The game allows to experiment and share different scenarios through adopting specific technologies and behaviors, evaluating their effect on a transformation project. It can be played at the community level (municipality, neighborhood, etc.) and the building or group of buildings level. The transposition of the game results takes place through shared urban, building, and social transformation projects. In addition to a quantitative evaluation of the impacts, the game allows the evaluation of the established community's potential happiness (Hy).
Promoting Secure and Sustainable Behavior in Digital Ecosystems Through Gamification
Authors: Kianpour Mazaher , Kowalski Stewart James
Published: September 2022

While academic interest has grown in using gamification in training different aspects of cybersecurity, the research remains sparse on the design and development of games that focus on integrated concepts of security and sustainability. This chapter builds on a previously presented framework for designing serious games and develops and evaluates an instantiation of a game aimed to promote secure and sustainable behavior in digital ecosystems. It describes the theoretical foundation of the game, giving a detailed account of its game design process. Then, it provides the preliminary evaluation in which significant qualitative evidence of security and sustainable behavior is observed regarding progressive system thinking and anticipatory and problem-solving competencies. The results show that gamification facilitated learning the concepts and changing behavior towards sustainability transitions. Further investigation, with larger sample size, is required using other game elements that promote cooperation and critical thinking competencies.
Increasing Developer Awareness of Java Secure Coding in the Industry
Authors: Casqueiro Luís Afonso Maia Rosa , Espinha Gasiba Tiago , Pinto-Albuquerque Maria , Lechner Ulrike
Published: September 2022

Vulnerabilities in source code, when left unpatched, can potentially be exploited by a malicious party, resulting in severe negative consequences. These negative consequences can be significant if the vulnerable software is part of critical infrastructure. Previous studies, however, have shown that many software developers cannot recognize vulnerable code. One possible way to ameliorate the situation is by increasing software developers' awareness of secure programming techniques. In this chapter, the authors propose a serious game, the Java Cybersecurity Challenges, that presents secure programming challenges to the participants in a competitive scenario. They describe and analyze the tools required to implement these challenges and perform an empirical evaluation of the game with more than 40 software developers from the industry. The work contributes to the growing knowledge on the design of serious games and provides valuable information for industry practitioners who wish to deploy a similar game in their environment.
Gamification Mechanisms in Cyber Range and Cyber Security Training Environments
Authors: Chaskos Evangelos , Diakoumakos Jason , Kolokotronis Nicholas , Lepouras George
Published: September 2022

Defending against cyber threats is an essential procedure for an organization, and professional training is an important factor for the prosperity of an organization against sophisticated and multi-vector cyber-attacks. The background knowledge is needed from the employee to face and prevent incidents, as well as a level of awareness and experience. Towards this training, cyber security training platforms can significantly raise the trainees' knowledge, perspective, and incident handling. However, gamification mechanisms are implemented and embedded in such systems as an educational procedure to increase the engagement of the trainees. In this chapter, a description of different platforms and their mapping with their corresponding gamification mechanisms will be presented, and the specific gamification elements resulting from this review that are commonly used across all platforms and can have a more significant impact on a fast and meaningful gamified learning procedure will be pointed out.
Mid-Career Challenges in Australian Universities
Authors: Bowyer Dorothea Maria , Hodgson Helen M. , Hamilton Myra , James Amity , Allen Liz
Published: September 2022

This chapter highlights the challenges and complexities that mid-career academics need to overcome in the Australian higher education sector. Drawing upon the authors' collaborative lived experiences, this chapter aims to define the meaning of a mid-career academic in Australian higher education and inform the reader about academic institutional structures, including opportunities for career progression. The authors are from different institutions across Australia and provide insights into strategies, life choices, and motivations for focusing on their career trajectory in academia.
Women's Journeys in Academia
Authors: Hoeh Emily , Bonati Michelle L. , Puliatte Alison
Published: September 2022

The chapter will provide an alternative point of view from the traditional discussion of mother scholar to the lens of a childless or childfree academic to include topics such as perceptions of peers, equitable workplace evaluation, emotional impacts, social isolation/exclusion, and other areas of often overlooked concerns for women in higher education. The context of women in academics is framed by a brief overview of the history of women in education, and challenges with solutions as a resource for change or to create awareness for women in education without children or alternative family structures. Additionally, personal accounts of being a childfree or childless scholar will provide context to the history, issues, controversies, problems, and solutions presented in the chapter.
Making It to Mid-Career and Helping Others Arrive
Authors: Willey Nicole L.
Published: September 2022

This chapter will explore the author's own (eventually successful) journey to and through mid-career in academe as a woman and a mother, while offering some advice for mentoring that can help lead to success for individuals and campuses. In particular, the author will offer individual strategies toward scholarship success and promotion, while also outlining the ways specific mid-career mentoring programming can be offered in a university setting. The author's experience as both a faculty mentoring program coordinator and a faculty fellow running a virtual mid-career mentoring program will be utilized to suggest the types of activities and supports that can help any academic in mid-career realize their goals.
Emerging Blockchain Technology vis-à-vis Limitations and Issues
Authors: Paul Prantosh Kumar
Published: September 2022

Blockchain has now become blockchain technology, and this is the record of data that are encrypted, and here distributed database is required for the purpose of transaction, contract, and independent record. It is therefore a digital ledger and can be reachable in different platforms for different financial activities and services. It is supported by healthy digital currency systems like bitcoin transactions and does not depend on any third party systems. Blockchain supports the multiple numbers of shared copies, and it works in a same database. Very recently blockchain was considered as an important subfield of information technology. It is therefore treated as a tool, technique, as well as procedure for financial management. This chapter is based on existing literature on blockchain with basics and special focus on the issues and limitations. This chapter highlights the scenario of blockchain technology in India with opportunities, companies, and scenario of manpower availability and potentiality.
Design of a Blockchain-Powered Biometric Template Security Framework Using Augmented Sharding
Authors: Khandelwal Sarika , Bhatnagar Shaleen , Mungale Nirmal , Jain Ritesh Kumar
Published: September 2022

Biometric templates must be secured with traceability, immutability, and high-trust capabilities. A variety of system models are proposed by researchers, most of which either utilize blockchains or machine learning for improved security and quality of service (QoS). The augmented sharding model is designed using light weight incremental learning framework, which assists in shard formation and management. Performance evaluation of the proposed model indicates that it is able to achieve high accuracy attack mitigation, along with low block mining delay and high throughput. This performance is compared with various state-of-the-art methods and an improvement of 10% in terms of delay and 14% in terms of throughput is achieved. Further, an attack detection accuracy of 99.3% is obtained for sybil, masquerading, and man in the middle (MITM) attacks. This text further recommends improvement areas which can be further researched for enhancing security and QoS performance of the proposed model.
Quantum Blockchain for Smart Society
Authors: Dadhich Manish , Tiwari Harish
Published: September 2022

Smart cities are a futuristic urban development concept that uses ICT to enable citizens, governments, and organizations to collect and share real-time data. Q-BoC technology can provide a new level of convenience and security for communication and transactions among all of a smart city's many stakeholders. Information technology, including quantum blockchain, has been integrated to govern physical, social, and business infrastructures in today's rapidly developing smart cities. Innovative technologies and concepts such as the IoT, 5G, artificial intelligence, and quantum blockchain have become necessary for an intelligent and advanced society. In recent years, both academics and industry have demonstrated a strong interest in the revolution of smart cities. Smart cities can deliver a variety of smart functions, such as intelligent transportation, Industry 5.0, governance, Healthcare 5.0, and smart banking, to improve people's quality of life. The chapter explores the application, challenges, and opportunities for making a smart society.
The Role of the Media in the Growth of the Pilgrimage Site
Authors: Tan Keith Kay Hin , Perry Melissa Shamini
Published: September 2022

St. Anne's Feast in Penang, which is the largest Catholic pilgrimage event in Malaysia, has seen regular reporting by the country's secular, English-language print media for over eight decades, during which time it has grown from a localised event to a large, annual, and international religious gathering. The aim of this study is to examine the role of secular English language print media in Malaysia in launching and indirectly marketing the pilgrimage over the years. This study examines how the media continues to shape expectations of behaviour, size, and outcomes for the event, and how this indirect support has led to the expansion of a historical pilgrimage site via new constructs in recent times. Through textual analysis, the earliest, colonial-era narratives are examined and compared to recent articles about St. Anne's Feast in Malaysian English dailies. The study highlights how newspapers established a small town in mainland Penang as a major pilgrimage tourism attraction despite a lack of historical or cultural links between the site and the event or deity in question.
Wealth at the Expense of Health
Authors: Rehman Awais Ur , Malik Arsalan Haneef , Kanwal Aasia , Lashari Naveed Aslam
Published: September 2022

Human activities to boost economic wellbeing have degraded the environment on many fronts to the extent that earth has reached its planetary boundaries by sabotaging its self-regulating equilibrium system. This study investigates the impact of air pollution (proxied by various indicators) on health expenditure over a panel consisting of 188 countries for the period 2000-2018. The impact of air pollution on health expenditures was analyzed using the GMM estimations. Findings suggest that health expenditures are increased due to air pollution caused by economic activities. The study urges that governments should reconsider their policies by creating a balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability. While spending on a sustainable environment, humans can have better health and working capacities that will ultimately contribute to the overall economy. A carbon taxing system on businesses that use obsolete technologies can also contribute towards a sustainable environment and reduced air pollution.
Methodological Issues in Studying Mass Violence
Authors: Daly Sarah E.
Published: September 2022

This chapter offers a review of the literature of the nature of studying mass violence. It is often problematic, difficult, or nearly impossible due to small sample sizes, incomplete or inaccurate information, or discrepancies even deciding what exactly “mass violence” is. This chapter reviews the literature for methodological approaches, summarizes qualitative and quantitative methods and findings, and discusses the challenges of mass violence methodologies while also proposing solutions, suggestions, and directions for future research.
Humans and Monsters
Authors: Moore Allan T.
Published: September 2022

Crime, and in particular violent crime, is a frequent source of media interest both in the form of factual reporting and fictional portrayal. As explained through an analysis of academic and theoretical literature, media representation has the potential to influence large populations and shape the opinions that mainstream society hold related to the perpetrators of such crimes. Case studies examining the CONTEST counterterrorism strategy in the United Kingdom and the failure of the UK Government to implement this strategy in the manner intended, and strategies for demobilization of perpetrators of genocide in Rwanda are outlined in detail. The case studies are then considered together in terms of how they align with what the underpinning theory argues. Overall conclusions are drawn that success and failure of strategies for reintegration of perpetrators of mass violence are dependent on a combination of state buy-in and destruction of the ‘monster' narrative associated with fictional and factual media portrayal of perpetrators in the West in particular.
Teen Dating Violence Prevention Based on an Education for Intercultural and Critical Citizenship
Authors: Soriano Ayala Encarnación , Cala Verónica C. , Dalouh Rachida
Published: September 2022

Teen dating violence (TDV) is one of the problems that, both for its severity as for its prevalence, requires a greater educational effort aimed at its primary prevention on all the young people that make up our societies. However, both social studies and preventive strategies and public policies maintain a monocultural and homogenizing relational approach, which makes invisible the relationships that exist between non-European and non-heterosexual people. This chapter proposes an approach to dating violence based on a critical and intercultural citizenship education, which addresses existing biases. This approach aims, on the one hand, to understand relational diversity in democratic societies and, in turn, orient its action around three axes: socio-emotional education, education in values, and virtual education.
Countering Radicalization in the 21st Century
Authors: de Silva Eugenie
Published: September 2022

The aim of this work is to provide a discussion of radicalization, especially as it has been presented in existing literature. This chapter begins with a focus on how radicalization is defined and how debates surrounding the definition of the term could have pragmatic and theoretical consequences. Further, this work highlights current discourse on the radicalization process. The work also includes a review of the risk factors that may typically lead one to radicalization. To do this, the three main overarching themes, including push, pull, and personal factors, are spotlighted. Finally, the work concludes with a three-pronged course of action (COA) to prevent the radicalization process, mitigate the violence carried by those who have already been radicalized, and also rehabilitate those who have undergone the radicalization process.
A Geographical Analysis of Socioeconomic and Ideological Drivers of Hate Crime in the United States
Authors: Medina Richard M. , Nicolosi Emily A. , Brewer Simon , Moore Erin
Published: September 2022

Criminal activities motivated by hate are the most extreme form of bias against people. While hating a class of people and organizing in hate groups to express feelings against those people are not illegal, hate crimes, violent and non-violent, are illegal. However, there remains much to be learned about geographic patterns of hate crimes and facilitating environments. This exploratory research examines hate crime occurrences aggregated to counties in the conterminous United States and attempts to explain resulting patterns using socioeconomic and ideological correlates with traditional and spatial statistics. Geographical patterns of hate crimes in the Unites States are found to be a complicated phenomenon.
Cross-Regional Analysis of Terrorism Reporting and Dynamics of Ethnic Relations in Nigeria
Authors: Morah Doris Ngozi , Oladokun Omojola
Published: September 2022

The news sociology and news determinism perspectives do project both the integrationist and disintegrative capabilities of the media. This projection is premised on their agenda-setting tradition, meaning that the social responsibility performance credential of the reporter can help build a nation or be a factor of the collapse of social control. This work explores this oxymoron by examining terrorism reporting and how it impacts on ethnic relations among the three dominant regions in Nigeria. A total of 400 respondents from Southeast and Southwest Nigeria respond to seven items on their relationship with the Northern Region that has been affected by the activities of the terror group Boko Haram. The findings portray a violent nature of the Northern Region. However, they do not support six of the media-framed and widely-held assumptions by the southerners about the conflict, including the statement that the insurgents represent northerners' interest. The media can scale down ethnic tension by publishing and framing stories that promote de-escalation.
Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls in Canada
Authors: Scott Tracie Lea
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines how one particular group of people within Canada, indigenous women, experiences both a higher rate of victimization and a lower rate of case clearance. Indigenous women in Canada are three times more likely to be killed by a stranger than non-Aboriginal women, and as of 2010, clearance rates for cases involving missing and murdered Indigenous women are consistently lower across Canada. Despite these statistics, other measures show that Indigenous women show similar satisfaction with their personal safety from crime as non-Aboriginal women as well as other measures indicating a similar confidence in the criminal justice system as non-Indigenous women. In this chapter, it is argued that the dissonance between certain measures is indicative of the settler-colonial heritage that informs both the perception of violence against indigenous women in Canada, as well as the phenomenon of violence against indigenous women themselves.
Collaborative Peace Education in Contexts of Sociopolitical Violence
Authors: Giovanni Irene , Jaramillo Daniel Fernando
Published: September 2022

This chapter presents collaborative peace education as a perspective to the development of capacities for conflict transformation in countries that have experienced socio-political violence. For this, it takes the Colombian violence as a context to integrate principles of peace education, conflicts transformation, social constructionism, and collaborative practices in order to establish working premises and ideas for scenarios where strengthening a culture of peace is required. From the revision of these concepts, the authors propose four principles that support the collaborative peace education, some contents that can be developed in an initiative of this type and relevant ideas to choose the format to be used in a collaborative peace education program.
Marketing for Conflict Transformation
Authors: van Sluijs Fred R. , Gisolf Marinus C. , Ambrosius Arno
Published: September 2022

When in 2016 the Colombian peace agreement was signed between the FARC-EP and the Colombian government, the hope was created to finish a chapter of cruel internal violence leaving close to 300,000 deaths in 50 years of conflict. The peace process, which is still continuing, incorporated a wide range of visions, approaches, political stands, gender issues on poverty in all its destructive dynamics. The European Union's decision at the beginning of the 21st century to help stimulate a peace process from the bottom upwards through so-called peace laboratories is analyzed, and their development, their success, and their limitations are followed in an attempt to shed light on the triangular relationship between people in conflict, peace, and the mechanisms that can connect the two.
Using Human-Centered Trade Policies to End Violence in Africa
Authors: Pellegrino Silvia
Published: September 2022

International organizations have been discussing the issue of poverty and development in Africa since the end of colonialism. However, results have been inadequate, and the majority of the African population still lives in poverty and lacks access to healthcare, education, and safety. This chapter analyzes the benefits of preferential trade agreements in supporting both economic and social development. PTAs that are conditional to peace and human rights protection can be the economic tool to end violence, corruption, and bad government in Africa. Foreign economic policy in the past has left African countries indebted to the West and in competition with much older, more developed economies. This chapter discusses how the recently negotiated African Continental Free Trade Area can strengthen intracontinental trade. The agreement, if managed correctly, has the potential to grow the African economy massively and help lift people out of poverty while enforcing an end to violence from state-actors across the continent.
Impacted Whether They Know It or Not
Authors: Cameron J. Kevin
Published: September 2022

In the past 20 years, schools have been increasingly exposed to school shootings in which many of the victims are targeted at random. Despite recent progress in coping with school crises such as suicide, accidental death, and targeted violence, the advent of random-type school shootings has left mental health, education, law enforcement, and other professionals struggling to deal with this type of traumatic event in terms of its aftermath and its prevention. In this chapter, a systems-oriented approach—rather than an individually-focused approach to traumatic events—the Traumatic Event Systems (TES) model, is proposed to increase the understanding and the effectiveness of professionals in responding to the aftermath of school shootings. The companion model, the Violence Threat Risk Assessment (VTRA), is proposed with a trauma-informed threat assessment practice that creates a nexus between prior trauma and future violence potential through an understanding of the “trauma-violence continuum.”
Black Lives Matter, Police Lives Matter
Authors: McIntyre Jr. R. Neal
Published: September 2022

Throughout 2020 there have been numerous protests bringing attention to police brutality against minorities. Most of these demonstrations associated with the Black Lives Matter movement have been peaceful, yet news media has focused mainly on those that have been hostile. The police response of countering aggression with aggression often makes these situations more violent and increases the probability of similar protests in the future. This chapter will examine the history of policing as it relates to race relations while exploring several high-profile cases of police brutality against minorities over the past 30 years. The chapter will also discuss how police training, rhetoric, and increased militarization has fractured the police relationship with minorities in their communities. Since it is more realistic to change the police approach to these violent encounters than it is to change the actions of civilians, the chapter calls for reform while providing potential solutions from the field of conflict resolution to help police mitigate these hostile situations.
Aestheticization of Fear and Violence via Public Relations
Authors: Memiş H. Burcu Önder
Published: September 2022

Fear is a human emotion that allows a person to survive. It has a function to ensure the continuity of life. The definition of fear has changed over time. Along with human development, transition to sedentary life, the industrial revolution, and modern life, fear and the things feared have changed. Fear has started to be marketed, especially in post-industrial societies. The governments have seen that fear and violence work to regulate, control, and passivate people. Political governments have had the unique opportunity to use fear as a mechanism for control and surveillance. The governments have aestheticized the fear and presented it indirectly with the support of media. The masses have been shaped as weak, scared, anxious, and helpless in the shadow of fear and violence. This study tries to shed light on the attempt to persuade the society about the legitimacy of the military government by presenting fear and violence to people in aestheticized forms in the 1980s in Turkey.
School Violence Inside Youth Prison Schools
Authors: Young-Alfaro Morghan Vélez
Published: September 2022

School violence inside youth prisons proves challenging to explore. The diversity among incarcerated students, variation in the layout and management of youth prison schools, and the trauma caused by confinement factor into how school violence unfolds. This chapter makes four contributions to landscaping the study of school violence inside youth prison schools. First, contrary to popular stereotypes, students have offenses across a spectrum of non-violent to violent crimes. Second, classrooms in some youth prisons are the only social spaces and violence gets funneled into them. Third, school violence intervention programs used in youth prison schools must contend with the trauma-inducing aspects involved in living in a correctional setting. Fourth, public discourse misplaces attention on punitive responses outside of a complex understanding of the students, experiences inside youth prison schools, and possibilities beyond schooling behind bars. These contributions scaffold future directions in research on school violence in youth prison schools.
Mass Shooting and Misogyny
Authors: Lyle Perry L. , Esmail Ashraf , Eargle Lisa
Published: September 2022

It is the violent ideology Americans cannot ignore. This hate and extremism overwhelming reside in males. Disproportionately committed by males, gun violence, as shown by data, reveals that misogyny can be a precursor to other forms of extremism. Gun violence and particularly mass-shootings have once again seized Americans of all political stripes as the hot-topic debate of the day. American's fascination with gun ownership dates to the roots of independence from the British crown and why colonists insisted that protection to own and possess firearms be woven into the private citizens' constitutional rights. There are an estimated 393 million guns in America, almost one for each citizen but held by approximately 42% of the population. It makes America, per capita, the largest privately-owned gun-toting country in the world. Many of the population surveyed claim to own four or more weapons – hardly necessary for self-defense. This chapter explores mass shootings and misogyny.
State, Masculinity, and the Aestheticization of Violence
Authors: Subasi Erol , Subasi Selda Tunc
Published: September 2022

Violence is a fundamental bio-sociological phenomenon. It can take many forms including psychological, emotional, economic, gender-based, religious, cultural, and political. The latter is primarily associated with the state. Historically, all states exercised violence in accordance with their law. Thus, law is the codification of violence. State and violence are also associated with masculinity, which is not fixed biological but rather a flexible sociological category. Masculinity is concretized in specific patterns of behaviors. In this perspective, the present study analyzes the famous Turkish TV Series, Behzat Ç: An Ankara Detective Story. It argues that since the Turkish law system could not function of its violence due to the struggles of various socio-political actors within the state, the protagonist, Behzat, aestheticizes and mimics state violence through his masculine performances. That is, state violence is materialized in the masculinity of Behzat who by resorting to violence brings the justice that the state fails to provide.
Man, Masculinity, and Violence in Turkish Cinema After 2000
Authors: Gültekin Gökhan
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to trace the relationship between male, masculinity, and violence in Turkish films after 2000. For this purpose, action, adventure, political, and drama films featuring Kenan İmirzalıoğlu, the pioneering anti-hero of male violence in popular Turkish films between 2000-2010 were focused. Thus, the sample of the study was composed of Deli Yürek: Bumerang Cehennemi (2001), Yazı Tura (2004), Kabadayı (2007), and Ejder Kapanı (2010) films. In all of these films Yusuf, Cevher, Devran, and Celal acted by İmirzalıoğlu use intense violence in the name of honor, power, and virility. Starting from such observation, the study has endeavored to make an interpretation on appearance of the relationship among man, masculinity, and violence based on the type, orientation, perspective and purpose of violence in the films, included the sample since the 2000s. In pursuit of such meaning first, it will be useful to mention the relationship among violence, man, and masculinity.
Developing a Culture of Nonviolence Through Cultural Humility Professional Development
Authors: Keiffer-Lewis Veronica
Published: September 2022

Nonviolence is a way of being, one we should begin building in early childhood. Early childhood development centers and schools can and should play a critical role in cultivating the spirit of nonviolence through curriculum, program design, parent-teacher interactions, peer-to-peer role modeling, and every interaction with children. Early childhood education (ECE) can play a pivotal role in supporting attributional development of both teachers and families in cultivating the spirit of nonviolence. This intrapersonal and interpersonal development is essential for the creation and sustainability of a culture of nonviolence in ECE programs. In this chapter, the author examines nonviolent attributes at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional level to create a culture of nonviolence from the inside out. Special attention is paid to the attribute of humility and how cultural humility principles and practices foster the skills of and commitment to nonviolence. Recommendations for promising practices and professional development are provided.
Non-Violent Teaching and Parenting of Young Children
Authors: Erbe Nancy D.
Published: September 2022

Non-violent child development builds a critical foundation for advancing sustainable peace in our troubled and conflicted world. First and foremost, a devoted commitment to non-violence, not only in rhetoric but in day to day action and living, prioritizes informed and responsible procreating of only wanted children with a family and societal vision for deeply integrated wellbeing. It begins a positive and productive cycle requiring societal protection of children, women, and all who are vulnerable from violence. Rather than introduce relevant literature and research separately from pragmatic tools, the chapter introduces scholarship to help explain field-tested skills and empower readers to immediately begin practicing what is advocated here.
Psychological Violence
Authors: Cairo Maria Gabriella
Published: September 2022

This chapter deals with psychological violence in its most recurrent forms. The author uses the general definition of psychological violence as a starting point to then analyze its manifestations in two different contexts: the professional and private environment. This way, the author wishes to demonstrate that psychological violence is associated with the establishment of a hold, a conditioning, which makes the individual who is subjected to it incapable of recognizing it. It is a process which is developed through typical schemes and which follows a similar pattern in different contexts. The consequences for the victims are numerous. The author analyzes them through a psychosomatic approach which explains why certain diseases develop when individuals are subjected to such pressures. The author also shares the results obtained in her practise of accompanying victims.
Combating Gender-Based Violence and Fostering Women's Well-Being
Authors: Wamue-Ngare Grace N. , Warren Meg A. , Torjesen Karen J.
Published: September 2022

Gender-based violence (GBV) and its threat to women's well-being is an insidious and widespread challenge in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Cultural beliefs about gender roles and sexuality, and religious teachings on marriage, masculinity, and femininity make interventions on GBV in the DRC difficult. This chapter examines a faith-based intervention, ‘The Tamar Campaign', which sought to align the strengths underpinning religion and culture. Findings revealed that participants of the Tamar Campaign reported 1) low prevalence of GBV four years after the intervention as compared to results of previous studies in the region, 2) positive effect of the intervention on marital satisfaction, and 3) engaging in activism alongside their family and community to combat GBV. This study thus offers initial evidence for faith-based interventions in not only reducing GBV, but also holistically improving women's overall well-being.
Collective Pain
Authors: Campos-Manzo Ana Lilia , Mitobe Allison Masako , Ignatiadis Christina , Rubin Emily Wiles , Fischer Joanna
Published: September 2022

Mass school shootings are infrequent and involve predominantly White perpetrators and victims; yet, they elicit intense social reactions without acknowledging race. In contrast, shootings in cities are frequent, affecting the lives of people of color. Connecting both, this chapter explores how youth of color experience mass school shootings and whether the gun-control movement incorporates their needs. Specifically, 114 youth of color participated in an interview (2013/2015), involving a socio-spatial exploration of their segregated metropolitan area near Newtown, Connecticut, where a young White man killed 26 students and staff members (2012). Furthermore, this exploration involved unobtrusive observation of Connecticut's March for Our Lives (2018). Youth of color were concerned with gun violence in relation to police brutality, crime, and mass school shootings. Those in predominantly White cities experienced the collective pain mass school shootings produce. In contrast, the predominantly White gun-control movement hardly acknowledged youth of color.
Vigilantism and Banditry in Southern Katsina Emirate, Northern Nigeria 1987-2015
Authors: Kankara Imbrahim Sani
Published: September 2022

The focus of this chapter is armed banditry by the Fulani pastoralist and vigilante activities of farmers. The banditry in Pauwa district is shaped by the nature of the environment and the occupational activities of people in the area. The area is approximately 64.78 square miles. The recent rise in the activities of farmer vigilante groups in Southern Katsina emirate was associated to high activities of cattle rustlers and banditry by the Fulani pastoralist. These activities were identified to be the causes of armed violent conflict associated with farmer and herdsmen conflict. Thus, to underscore the nature of conflicts between the pastoralist and farmers in the area, the study has adopted structuration approach in describing the role of structure and individual agents in the conflict.
Spiritual Warfare and the Apocalypse
Authors: Rogers Richard Lee
Published: September 2022

The framing of political violence in the Trump era has included the use of religious themes to legitimate a coalition uniting segments of the Christian right with non-Christian far-right groups like American Nazis, QAnon followers, and the Proud Boys. This chapter traces the formation of the concepts of spiritual warfare and apocalyptic violence among these groups prior to their current alliance, activities contributing to the formation of this alliance (the message of the framing), and whether the alliance is sustainable in its present form.
Undergraduates’ Perception Towards Incorporating Video Repository with Institutional Repository at the Library, Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka: A need Analysis
Authors: Krishanthy S. , Somaratna S. D.
Published: September 2022

Undergraduates of the Department of Languages and Communication Studies of the Faculty of Communication and Business Studies, Trincomalee Campus have to produce a digital story for the course ‘basic video production’. As the students’ productions are preserved only in the form of digital video discs, a lack of efficiency in preservation and retrieval was identified. Hence, the aim is to explore the preferences and perceptions of the undergraduates regarding initiating a video repository on the Institutional Repository. Therefore, the preferences and perceptions of the undergraduates on video repositories, the present status of retrieval and referencing of the videos produced by the undergraduates, and their willingness toward archiving the digital story produced by them on the Institutional Repository were analysed. A descriptive survey was carried out for data collection by self-administrated semi-structured questionnaires using Google forms. Data were analyzed using MS office Excel. According to the preferences and perceptions on video repositories, more than 72% prefer to refer to videos produced by previous batches of the undergraduates. According to the present status of the video referencing and retrieval only about 22% of them are aware of video repositories and only 1.6% have access to repositories related to their field. Further, their dissatisfaction regarding the current retrieval system, lack of access to other repositories and lack of availability of their preservation systems were also identified. Further, their positive attitude towards preserving their creation in the repositories was identified. However, utilizing cloud storage and requesting approval from creators to download the creation were recommended along with expanding this study with all other students and staff of the Trincomalee Campus.
Factors contributing to home deliveries by women attending post-natal care at a selected clinic in Rundu District, Kavango East Region, Namibia
Authors: Ashipala Daniel O. , Mutsindikwa Tatenda
Published: September 2022

In 2016, almost 31 million births in low- and middle-income countries occurred without a qualified birth attendant. 90% were in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In sub-Saharan Africa, where Namibia is located, 50% of births are unattended. This study aimed at identifying factors contributing to home births in Rundu District, Kavango East Region. This study was quantitative cross-sectional. Postnatal moms who gave birth at home completed a self-administered questionnaire with closedended questions. 27.2% of respondents were 33 to 38. Most responders (83.3%) were unmarried and 38.6% were ”other” religious. Participants were mostly unemployed (79.8%). 49.1% of respondents were uneducated. 8.8% of employed people were in the public sector, 6.1% in private, and 1.8% self-employed. Most (93.9%) visited antenatal clinics once (25.4%), twice (20.2%), or three times (40%) before delivery. 81% picked where to deliver on their own, and 71% had previously delivered at home. No one explained this behavior. The majority of women in this study had given delivery at home. Education, religion, and delivery location were correlated. These findings inform the community and government about the present trend of home births, which may harm mother and newborn outcomes.