bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redescripción de Bournonia gardonica (Toucas, 1907) (Radiolitidae, Bivalvia) y análisis de las facies en que aparece (Coniaciense, Sistema Central, España)
Authors: Gil Javier , Pons Josep María , Segura Manuel
Published: September 2021

La serie sedimentaria cretácica del borde sur del Sistema Central (España) se organiza en una unidad inferior terrígena (Formación Arenas de Utrillas) y otra superior carbonatada (formaciones Dolomías del Pantano de la Tranquera, Calizas de Hortezuelos, Calcarenitas de Hontoria del Pinar y Calizas del Burgo de Osma) y presenta problemas de datación, al ser poco fosilífera debido a su naturaleza predominantemente terrígena y dolomítica. En la sección del Barranco de las Cuevas, la Formación Calizas de Hortezuelos presenta un conjunto bioclastico superior, poco dolomitizado, cuyas facies se organizan en secuencias de somerización en ambientes perimeareales de una plataforma carbonatada. Una de estas facies contiene rudistas bien conservados, que han sido determinados como radiolítidos de la especie Bournonia gardonica (Toucas, 1907), característica del Coniaciense. Su estudio permite ampliar la descripción original de la especie, basada principalmente en caracteres externos, especialmente en la estructura de la concha. Además, este trabajo constituye la primera datación precisa de la unidad carbonatada superior del Cretácico en todo el borde meridional del Sistema Central y confirma parte de las atribuciones cronoestratigraficas realizadas con anterioridad.
Tafonomía y análisis secuencial del Plioceno Inferior en el sector NE de la cuenca de Almería-Níjar (SE de España)
Authors: Aguirre Julio , Yesares-García Jesús
Published: September 2021

Las propiedades tafonómicas de los fósiles contenidos en los materiales del Plioceno Inferior del sector NE de la cuenca de Almería-Níjar han sido analizadas mediante un estudio cuantitativo. Esto, junto con el análisis de facies y de las asociaciones de organismos, permite inferir las condiciones paleoambientales en las que se formaron dichos sedimentos. La interpretación paleoambiental, junto con la geometría de los materiales, permiten proponer un modelo de evolución secuencial. Así, el tramo inferior, constituido por limos y arenas de plataforma externa, representa los depósitos del cortejo sedimentario transgresivo. Por su parte, el tramo superior, donde se intercalan los bancos carbonatados, se corresponde con los depósitos del cortejo sedimentario de alto nivel del mar, Internamente. la alternancia arenas-paquetes carbonatados refleja una ciclicidad de alta frecuencia.
Diferenciação das icnoespécies e variantes de Arthrophycus e sua utilização problemática em icnoestratigrafia: o resultado de homoplasias comportamentais entre anelídeos e artrópodes?
Authors: Neto de Carvalho Carlos , Fernandes António C. S. , Borghi Leonardo
Published: September 2021

O icnogénero Arthrophycus Hall, 1852 presente no Arenigiano-Oretaniano da Formação do Quartzito Armoricano (Portugal) é revisto com base em novos dados e na re-avaliação das colecções de Nery Delgado, sendo descritas duas icnoespécies, A. alleghaniensis (Harlan, 1831) e A. linearis Seilacher, 2000, com as variantes morfoetológicas A. alleghaniensis lateralis e A. linearis tipo protrusiva. Os resultados alcançados para Portugal entram em conflito, do ponto de vista estratigráfico, icnotaxonómico e comportamental repercutindo-se na interpretação dos seus possíveis produtores, com os dados obtidos por Seilacher (2000), aconselhando alguma precaução na aplicabilidade icnostratigráfica de Arthrophycus.
ANALYSIS OF THE FACTOR OF HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS IN BIH BY APPLICATION OF ECM METHODOLOGY
Authors: Đidelija Irma
Published: September 2021

Savings as an alternative source of capital, in the opinion of most economists, are a much more reliable and rational source of investment funds than others. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine what factors can drive domestic household savings with further repressions to overall economic growth. This research examined the impact of macroeconomic and financial factors on household savings based on quarterly data from the BiH Agency for Statistics and the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the period 2000-2016. For this purpose, seasoning of variables was done using X-13 ARIMA and TRAMO / SEATS. The stationarity of seasonally adjusted variables was examined through: the extended Dickey-Fuller unit root test, the Phillips-Perrontest unit root test, and the Kwaitkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin stationarity test. The model included only non-stationary first order integration variables, which are also cointegrated, which is a condition for applying the error correction method (ECM). The application of the ECM methodology first required determining the appropriate number of lag in the VAR model and then applying the Johansen cointegration test. The following were used as independent variables in ECM: industrial production, government expenditure in% of GDP, money supply (M2) in% of GDP, foreign trade balance in% of GDP, current account balance in% of GDP, deposit population interest rate and unemployment rate. The variables included are based on ECM methodology criteria, which is the same order of integration and cointegration. Among the long-run interdependence ratios, only general government expenditure ratios in% of GDP, foreign trade balance in% of GDP and current account balance in% of GDP proved to be statistically significantly different from zero. The first two coefficients have a positive sign, while the impact of the current account balance in the gross domestic product is negative. A one percent increase in the share of general government expenditures and foreign trade balance in Gross Domestic Product will in the long run lead to an increase in the household savings rate by 4.1% and 3.5% respectively. The error correction coefficient (EC (-1)) in the short-term part of the model, which measures the rate of equilibrium adaptation in the dynamic model, is with the expected negative sign, but is not statistically significant. The high value of the adjusted coefficient of determination, 0.385, suggests that almost 39% of variations in household savings are explained by variations in the set of independent variables included in the ECM model. The obtained research findings can be significant indicators for adequate monetary and fiscal policy measures in BiH, and can be indicators for the overall macroeconomic policy of the country.
PERSONAL INDEPENDENCE OF THE CENTRAL BANKS ON THE EXAMPLE OF BULGARIA, CROATIA, HUNGARY AND ROMANIA
Authors: Stanić Miloš , Andonović Stefan
Published: September 2021

The central bank represents institution that creates and implements monetary policy and has great impact on proper functioning of state and citizens and their welfare. Bearing in mind their role in society, it is of outmost importance to properly regulate their status and functions, especially in the field of ensuring their independence. As a matter of fact, over the last few decades, theory and practice have come to such opinion that is necessary to do so. Accordingly, the main subject of this paper is the analysis of the legal framework that enables the personal independence of central banks. Independence has several aspects. By using a comparative legal and normative method, on the example of four European countries from the region, which were members of the former communist bloc and are now members of the European Union, authors tried to find out certain legal solutions within these countries regarding personal independence of national bank management structures. Specifically, legal solutions are being explored in Hungary, Croatia, Romania and Bulgaria. Personal independence concerns issues related to the appointment of top central bank officials, and the duration of their mandate, as well as the conditions for their dismissal. The aim is to determine their common characteristics and at the same time the authors give some appropriate critical considerations. These countries were chosen because, in the historical and social sense, they went through what Serbia is going through in the process of joining the European Union. Also, it is assumed that they have met certain standards by joining the EU. It has to be noted that the goals guaranteed and proclaimed by legal norms do not always have to be achieved in practice. A special focus in the paper is made on the issue of personal independence of central banks in relation to the centers of political power. As a result of the analysis, the authors were free to address the fact that an appropriate legal framework is the first and necessary step towards achieving the proclaimed goals of independence. At the same time, however, one must be aware that this is the first step towards achieving real central bank independence. Also, we will add that the entire process of building personal independence takes time and it certainly cannot be obtained by a legal norm. This is where the social justification of the scientific study of this topic is reflected, because it encourages the development of awareness of the importance of this topic, as well as the development of critical thinking about it.
Vitamin D serum levels and non-melanoma skin cancer risk
Authors: Morgado-Águila Carolina , Gil-Fernández Guadalupe , Dávila-Villalobos Orlando Rafael , Pérez-Rey Jesús , Rey-Sánchez Purificación , Rodríguez-Velasco Francisco José
Published: September 2021

Background

Skin cancer is one of the common malignancies. There is sufficient evidence that sunlight (ultraviolet radiation) contributes to the development of skin cancer, but there is also evidence that relates adequate serum levels of vitamin D produced on the skin by the action of ultraviolet radiation with the decreased risk of various types of cancers, including skin cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of vitamin D serum levels among patients with non-melanoma skin cancers (basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) and controls.

Methods

A prospective observational case-control study was conducted in a sample of 84 subjects in Extremadura (Spain). Forty-one patients with histologically diagnosed basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas and 43 healthy controls were randomly chosen to assess whether vitamin D (25(OH)D3) serum level, age and sex were related to non-melanoma skin cancer and to determine the possible risk of this type of skin cancer for these variables.

Results

When analysing serum vitamin D levels, we ensured that all our subjects, both cases and controls, had normal or low serum vitamin D levels, even though the samples were taken during months with the highest solar irradiance in our region. It is striking in our results that there was a higher percentage of subjects with deficits of vitamin D who did not have skin cancer (66%) than patients with deficits with these types of skin cancers (34%). When adjusting the model for age and sex, vitamin D values above 18 ng/ml increased the risk of suffering from non-melanoma skin cancer by nearly 7-fold (aOR: 6.94, 95% CI [1.55–31.11], p = 0.01).

Conclusions

Despite the controversial data obtained in the literature, our results suggest that lower levels of vitamin D may be related to a reduced incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer.
Agricultural Policies, Schemes and Funding: Media Responsibilities to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria
Authors: Emmanuel Morka , Scholastica E. Moemeke, , Fidelis Chike Nwabudike , Nnaji Praise
Published: September 2021

Agricultural policies and schemes are some of the measures through which the Nigerian government has attempted to address some of her challenges in the agricultural sector. Despite the MDGs/SDGs programs, Nigeria is still faced with extreme poverty, hunger, and poor education. Nigeria’s budgetary allocation is still far from meeting international recommendations of 25% by FAO. Laudable and well thought out agricultural schemes such as “Operation feed the nation”, “Green Revolution”, “River Basin Development”, “Agricultural Development Project” etc were government policies and schemes geared towards the provision of agricultural solutions. If objectives of the SDGs be realized in the country, issues of corruption, insecurity, proper education, and awareness creation etc., must be addressed by all stake holders ranging from the financial sector, the government as well as the mass media. The media are faced with challenges of news policies, brown envelops, loss of job opportunities etc., while most youths lack awareness and proper education about agricultural schemes and funding in Nigeria.
Impact of Technology on School Leadership at Jakar Higher Secondary School, Bumthang
Authors: Jamtsho Ngawang , Loday Dechen
Published: September 2021

Technology is indispensable in today's era and we have to think about how we can utilize it to create and impart effective leadership and learning in the schools. The essence of technology is strongly felt in education than ever before. The school leader who harnesses technology advances in every aspect and becomes a technology leader. Technology advancement is professional growth and it affects school leadership. The purpose of this action research was to find out the impact of technology on school leadership. The pre-test and post-test were carried out and data were analyzed accordingly. The questionnaire was categorized into three aspects such as communication, student learning, and administrative and managerial. The pre-test and post-test data showed a change in responses and the rating score on the questionnaire indicated the effectiveness of intervention strategies and the impact of technology on school leadership. The findings also show a significant positive correlation between technology and school leadership. It was found out that technology has a greater impact on school leadership, student learning and also amplifies communication skills.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Community Acquired Staphylococcus aureus in Patients Received at the Traumatology Unit of a Secondary Referral Health Setting in the Western Cameroon
Authors: Manhafo Viany Nankeng , Tadongfack Thomas Djifack , Nitcheu Irina Lydia Sudeu , Nkouayep Vanessa Rosine , Nzeffouo Selabi Aline Camerl , Kamtchueng Monique Odette , Piameu Chadou Michael Junior
Published: September 2021

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is responsible of a wide range of both community and Hospital acquired infections. Several genomic variability underlie the diversity of S. aureus strains responsible for the emergence of antibiotic resistance.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of community acquired S. aureus isolated from pus samples in patients received at the traumatology unit of Our Lady of Health Centre of Batseng'la in Dschang, Western Cameroon.

Study Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out over a period of five months (from January to May 2021) involving a total of 52 participants received at the traumatology unit of Our Lady of Health Centre of Batseng'la in Dschang, Western Cameroon.

Methods: Pus samples collected from participants were seeded on Chapman Agar at 37°C for 24 hours. The colonies identification was based on catalase, coagulase and DNAse tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25 Software.

Results: S. aureus was isolated in 22 of the 54 pus samples analysed, giving a positivity rate of 42.3%. The majority of strains (63.6%) were isolated from subjects less than 21 years old. From the strains isolated, 40.9% were MRSA and 86.4% presented multi-resistance patterns to the antibiotics tested. All strains of MRSA were found to be cross-resistant with one or more other antibiotics.

Conclusion: The multi-resistance of community acquired S. aureus to antibiotics is a reality. Adequate care should be taken while handling suppurating wounds and abscesses. Especially in younger ager individuals, as this may help in timely setting up proper care and treatment protocols necessary to overcome drug resistance of such extremely flexible pathogens.
Public Health Implications of Coliform Contaminants in Non-packaged, Commercially Hawked Herbal Remedies Sold in Port Harcourt
Authors: Ndukwu C. L. C. , Akani N. P. , Wemedo S. A. , Sampson T.
Published: September 2021

The long history of use of coliforms as indicators of microbiological quality of water and food materials constitutes a veritable rationale for the ascertainment of the microbiological status of locally brewed, liquid herbal remedies, commercially hawked and widely consumed within Port Harcourt metropolis as envisaged in this study. Seventy two samples of twelve different non-packaged, oral herbal remedies commonly known as “Agbo” – the Yoruba word for medicine - were purchased from six different localities within Port Harcourt City and Obio/Akpor local governments of Rivers state. They were analyzed within two hours for total heterotrophic bacterial counts and total coliform counts. The bacterial isolates were characterized and identified by Gram staining and Biochemical tests using standard methods. The total coliform count is 4.53±1.11 Log10cfu/ml ranging from 3.69±0.85 for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) remedies to 5.46±1.15 Log10cfu/ml for the cure-all (Gbogbonise) remedies. The mean total coliform counts (TCC) for the remedies are 4.53±1.00 Log10CFU/ml. Gbogbonise had the highest TCC of 5.46±1.15 Log10 cfu/ml, while STD remedies had the least TCC of 3.69±0.85 Log10cfu/ml. Out of a total of one hundred and fifty six isolates there were seventy three coliforms constituting 46.8% of all      isolates. They include Enterobacter aerogenes (19; 12.2%), Enterobacter cloacae (18; 11.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10; 6.4%) Citrobacter rodentium  (7;4.5) Enterobacter pyrinus:  (5;3.2%) Enterobacter hormaechei (3; 1.9%)  Klebsiella oxytoca (3; 1.9%) Serratia marcescens  (3;1.9%) Serratia rubidaea  (3; 1.9%) Hafnia alvei (1; 0.6%) and Pantoea dispersa (1; 0.6%)  The high prevalence of coliform contamination is an indication of poor microbial quality, implying that consumption of the products may pose potential health hazards. Education and enlightenment of handlers on the principles of basic hygiene and good manufacturing principles, is advised to ensure that products have tolerable levels of bacterial contaminants.
A Comparitive Study to Evaluate the Stress Level among Wives of Alcoholics and Wives of Non- Alcoholics in a Hospital in Chennai
Authors: Bharathi A. R.
Published: September 2021

Substance abuse is regular consumption of large amounts of substance (alcohol or drugs) that are harmful to themselves or others. More than half of substance abuse patients are diagnosed with a psychiatric diagnosis - major depression, personality disorder, anxiety disorders, and dysthymia. Among other substance or drugs, alcohol is the most frequently abused drug. Alcoholism is one of the major problems in this country and the world in general. This problem is affecting not only the person who is consuming alcohol it also affects all other people who are living around him. The spouses of the alcoholics are mostly affected. Stress has a negative impact on ones mental and physical health. The purpose of the study was to analyze the level of stress among wives of alcoholics and wives of non-alcoholics. For this, a non-experimental, comparative study was designed with 70 wives (35 wives of alcoholics and 35 wives of non-alcoholics) chosen by using non probability convenience sampling technique. This study was conducted in a Government hospital at Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Age, number of children, occupation, and monthly income, history of domestic violence and duration of alcohol consumption are the demographic variables studied. Sheldon Cohen perceived stress scale was used to assess the level of stress. Data collected from the wives was analyzed using statistical techniques. The conceptual frame work used in the study was based on Betty Newmann system theory. The above study reveals that there is an association between level of stress and domestic violence and duration of alcohol consumption. The present study also shows that there is severe stress level in wives facing with domestic violence and husband excessive alcohol consumption shows severe stress in wives.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Token Economy for Behavior Problems among Mild and Moderate Mentally Challenged Children in Selected Special Homes
Authors: Bharathi A. R.
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the Effectiveness of Token Economy on Behavioural Problem among Mentally Challenged Children in a Selected Special homes, Chennai. In this study Pre Experimental (one group pre test- post test) design was adopted. Setting of the study was Matheraiee, special school, valluvargurukullam campus, Chennai. The sample size was 37 and they were selected through Non Probability Purposive Sampling Technique. Behaviour problem was assessed through Conner’s Abbreviated Rating Scale (CARS). After Token Economy Intervention the collected data were analysed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Of the study participants, 48.65% showed severe behavioral problem, 32.43% had moderate and 18.92% had mild behavioral problem. There was no significant similarity between the pre test score and behavirol problems but, the study showed significant relationship between the token economy and behavior of the participants. This study concluded that the Token Economy was effective, attractive, easy to carry, dispense and cost effective therapeutic intervention in reducing the Behavioral Problems among Mentally Challenged Children.
Designing of some Novel Methyl 2-((4-(Benzamido)Phenyl)Sulfanyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-Methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate Derivatives as Potential Glucokinase Activators through Molecular Docking
Authors: Kazi A. A. , Chatpalliwar V. A.
Published: September 2021

Aims: Glucokinase (GK) is a cytoplasmic enzyme that metabolizes the glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate and supports the adjusting of blood glucose levels within the normal range in humans. In pancreatic β-cells, it plays a leading role by governing the glucose-stimulated secretion of insulin and in liver hepatocyte cells, it controls the metabolism of carbohydrates. GK acts as a promising drug target for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Study Design: In the current study, the goal is to identify new substituted benzamide derivatives and test them via molecular docking as possible anti-diabetic drugs.

Place and Duration of Study: The present work has been carried out at S.N.J.B’s S.S.D.J. College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra, India during the time period of December-2020 to February-2021.

Methodology: This work involved designing novel methyl 2-((4-(benzamido)phenyl)sulfanyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate derivatives and their screening by molecular docking studies to determine the binding interactions for the best-fit conformations in the binding site of the GK enzyme. Autodockvina 1.1.2 in PyRx 0.8 was used to perform the docking studies of all the designed novel derivatives and native ligand against the crystal structure of GK. Based on the results of docking studies, the selected molecules will be tested for their antidiabetic activity in the animal models.

Results: Amongst the designed derivatives, compounds A2, A3, A8, A10, A11, A13, A14, A16, A17, and A18 have shown better binding free energy (between -8.7 to -10.3 kcal/mol) than the native ligand present in the enzyme structure. In present investigation, many molecules had formed strong hydrogen bond with Arg-63 which indicate the potential to activate GK.

Conclusion: From above results it has been observed that these designed benzamide derivatives have potential to activate the human GK which enables us to proceed for the syntheses of these derivatives.
Compounds from Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham. Inhibit Microbes that Impair Wound Healing
Authors: Vaidyanathan Lalitha , Lokeswari T. Sivaswamy
Published: September 2021

Aims: To identify the antimicrobial potency of the leaf fractions of Vernonia arborea against selected wound microbes viz., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Background: Wound healing is often delayed due to the presence of polymicrobial load, that have to be abolished to facilitate the healing process. A major class of antimicrobial phytocompound reported to occur in Vernonia arborea species include sesquiterpenes. Reports on the wound healing potency of V. arborea in wound models of Wistar rats however did not report antimicrobial activity of the aqueous or methanolic extracts.

Methodology: The column fractions of the hexane leaf extract were tested against the selected strains by agar well diffusion assay and the zone of inhibition confirmed with TLC bioautography at specific Rf. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bioactive fractions was identified using resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined. HPTLC quantification was also performed.

Results: Out of the 30 pooled fractions, six showed antimicrobial potency against all the five tested wound microbes. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of these fractions were determined, ranging from 15.62 µg/mL to 500 µg/mL for the different microbes. Quantitative High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) revealed two compounds (a and b) in the bioactive fraction10 with yields of 633 mg (63%) and 97 mg (9.7%) per gram of the extract.

Conclusion: The findings suggest the potential use of the bioactive compound in chronic infectious wound management therapy.
Assessment of the Psycho Social Problems Related with Obese Juveniles in Actual Government School at Chennai
Authors: Bharathi A. R.
Published: September 2021

To evaluate the level of obesity, associated psychosocial problems and comparison with demographic variables in a selected government school at Chennai. Stock (1974) health belief Theory, a non-experimental study design, was used as the conceptual frame work in the present study. The students were randomly selected for the study Semi structured interview questions and questionnaire were used to assess the psychosocial problems of adolescents and demographic data of the students, respectively. The results revealed that psycho social problems were found among 50 obese adolescents, majority of them are 15-18 years of age, females, nuclear family, Hindus and non-vegetarian. It was also exclusively observed that obese adolescents had high level of psycho social problems.
Modelling Based Analysis and Optimization of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation for the Production of Lignocellulosic-Based Xylitol
Authors: Hidayatullah Ibnu Maulana , Makertihartha I G B N , Setiadi Tjandra , Kresnowati Made Tri Ari Penia
Published: September 2021

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) configuration offers efficient use of the reactor. In this configuration, both hydrolysis and fermentation processes are conducted simultaneously in a single bioreactor, and the overall processes may be accelerated. However, problems may arise if both processes have different optimum conditions, and therefore process optimization is required. This paper presents a mathematical model over SSF strategy implementation for producing xylitol from the hemicellulose component of lignocellulosic materials. The model comprises the hydrolysis of hemicellulose and the fermentation of hydrolysate into xylitol. The model was simulated for various process temperatures, prior hydrolysis time, and inoculum concentration. Simulation of the developed kinetics model shows that the optimum SSF temperature is 36 °C, whereas conducting prior hydrolysis at its optimum hydrolysis temperature will further shorten the processing time and increase the xylitol productivity. On the other hand, increasing the inoculum size will shorten the processing time further. For an initial xylan concentration of 100 g/L, the best condition is obtained by performing 21-hour prior hydrolysis at 60 °C, followed by SSF at 36 °C by adding 2.0 g/L inoculum, giving 46.27 g/L xylitol within 77 hours of total processing time. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Bota a cara no sol, bicha bonita não se esconde: visibilidade de pessoas de gênero e sexualidade dissidentes na Folha de S. Paulo
Authors: Melo Iran Ferreira de , Fernandes Richard
Published: September 2021

Nesta pesquisa, selecionamos como objeto de estudo a imagem jornalística de pessoas cujas performances de gênero e sexualidade não correspondem à lógica cis-hétero-normativa. Os materiais que constituem o corpus deste trabalho são textos noticiosos sobre essas pessoas, publicados pela Folha de S. Paulo, jornal diário brasileiro de maior circulação e tiragem dos últimos 13 anos. Partindo da análise desses dados, a pesquisa objetivou investigar o discurso produzido por meio de notícias, descrevendo e interpretando recursos contextuais potencialmente capazes de produzir visibilidade desses atores de corpos e existências dissidentes, a fim de compreender a construção de sentidos criados a partir dessa visibilidade. Para sustentar teoricamente tal investigação, mobilizamos os pressupostos impressos dentro da Análise Crítica do Discurso, seguindo os enfoques feitos pelos linguistas Teun van Dijk (1996) e Norman Fairclough (2003). Temos como escopo de investigação o exame de macro-categorias de análise da visibilidade: a quantidade e ocorrência de constituintes da capa do jornal (manchete, chamada, abertura, foto-legenda e frases) e do caderno (título, linha-fina, olho, corpo da notícia, fotos e texto-legenda); a quantidade e a ocorrência dos momentos históricos de publicação dos textos; a ocorrência do caderno em que tais textos foram publicados; bem como a inclusão, no interior das notícias, de vozes dos atores-alvo de nossa pesquisa. Este artigo, por representar um primeiro momento de tal estudo, registra apenas parte de todo o trabalho, descrevendo eminentemente o processo de leitura bibliográfica, apresentando o amparo epistemológico que norteou os encontros de orientação para a pesquisa, informando o trabalho de coleta de dados para análise e apontando o resultado do número de ocorrências e a visibilidade do grupo analisado de acordo com o caderno do jornal em que as notícias foram mais recorrentes.
Deep learning object detection to estimate the nectar sugar mass of flowering vegetation
Authors: Hicks Damien , Baude Mathilde , Kratz Christoph , Ouvrard Pierre , Stone Graham
Published: September 2021

Floral resources are a key driver of pollinator abundance and diversity, yet their quantification in the field and laboratory is laborious and requires specialist skills.

Using a dataset of 25,000 labelled tags of fieldwork‐realistic quality, a convolutional neural network (Faster R‐CNN) was trained to detect the nectar‐producing floral units of 25 taxa in surveyors’ quadrat images of native, weed‐rich grassland in the United Kingdom.

Floral unit detection on a test set of 50 model‐unseen images of comparable vegetation returned a precision of 90%, recall of 86% and F1 score (the harmonic mean of precision and recall) of 88%. Model performance was consistent across the range of floral abundance in this habitat.

Comparison of the nectar sugar mass estimates made by the CNN and three human surveyors returned similar means and standard deviations. Over half of the nectar sugar mass estimates made by the model fell within the absolute range of those of the human surveyors.

The optimal number of quadrat image samples was determined to be the same for the CNN as for the average human surveyor. For a standard quadrat sampling protocol of 10–15 replicates, this application of deep learning could cut pollinator‐plant survey time per stand of vegetation from hours to minutes.

The CNN is restricted to a single view of a quadrat, with no scope for manual examination or specimen collection, though in contrast to human surveyors its object detection is deterministic and its floral unit definition is standardized.

As agri‐environment schemes move from prescriptive to results‐based, this approach provides an independent barometer of grassland management which is usable by both landowner and scheme administrator. The model can be adapted to visual estimations of other ecological resources such as winter bird food, floral pollen volume, insect infestation and tree flowering/fruiting, and by adjustment of classification threshold may show acceptable taxonomic differentiation for presence–absence surveys.
Dosimetric comparison of VitalBeam® and HalcyonTM 2.0 for hypofractionated VMAT with simultaneous integrated boost treatment of early‐stage left‐sided breast cancer
Authors: Ju Eunbin , Heo Eun Jeong , Park Chun Gun , Kim Minseok , Kim Kwang Hyeon , Shim Jang Bo , Park Young Je , Lee Nam Kwon , Kim Chul Yong , Lee Suk
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study compared the quality of treatment plans for early‐stage, left‐sided breast cancer, as planned for and delivered by the HalcyonTM and VitalBeam®.

Materials and methods

Fifteen patients diagnosed with early‐stage left‐sided breast cancer, who had received VMAT with hypofractionated SIB, were recruited. All cases were planned using HalcyonTM comprising a dual‐layer MLC (DL‐MLC) and VitalBeam® with a Millennium 120 MLC (VB‐MLC). For the PTVs, the quality of coverage (QC), conformity index (CI), and homogeneity index (HI) were calculated for each plan. The dosimetric differences between the two treatment plans were statistically compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test (p < 0.05). To evaluate delivery efficiency, the average delivery time for each patient's treatment plan was recorded and compared.

Results

For the PTVs, the two plans (DL‐MLC and VB‐MLC) were comparable in terms of the QC, CI, and HI. However, V30Gy and Dmean for the heart in the DL‐MLC plan were significantly reduced by 0.49% and 14.6%, respectively, compared with those in the VB‐MLC plan (p < 0.05). The Dmean value for the ipsilateral lung in the DL‐MLC plan significantly decreased by 5.5%, compared with that in the VB‐MLC plan (p < 0.05). In addition, the delivery times for the DL‐MLC and VB‐MLC plans were 79 ± 10 and 101 ± 11 s, respectively.

Conclusions

DL‐MLC plans were found to improve OAR sparing. In particular, when treating left‐sided breast cancer via DL‐MLC plans, the risk of heart toxicity is expected to be reduced.
Combining the model statement and the sketching while narrating interview techniques to elicit information and detect lies in multiple interviews
Authors: Deeb Haneen , Vrij Aldert , Leal Sharon , Mann Samantha
Published: September 2021

The current experiment examined the effects of combining two interview techniques on information elicitation and lie detection in multiple interviews. Participants were interviewed online over three weeks. Two‐thirds of the participants (n = 114) were presented with the model statement (MS) interview technique in Interview 1 and were asked to sketch and narrate in Interview 2 (MS‐Sketch condition) or vice versa (Sketch‐MS condition). In Interview 3, all participants provided a free recall. The remaining one‐third of participants (n = 61) provided only a free recall in the three interviews. Truth tellers reported more information than lie tellers in all three interviews. In Interview 2, the Sketch‐MS condition elicited more new information and cues to deceit than the other conditions. The results imply that veracity effects are consistent across multiple interviews and the MS is effective for eliciting information and cues to deceit when preceded by an initial recall.
Diagnostic Performance and Clinical Utility of Referral Rules to Identify Primary Care Patients at Risk of an Inflammatory Rheumatic Disease
Authors: van Delft Elke Theodora Antonia Maria , Barreto Deirisa Lopes , van der Helm‐van Mil Annette Helena Maria , Alves Celina , Hazes Johanna Maria Wilhelmina , Kuijper Tjallingius Martijn , Weel‐Koenders Angelique Elisabeth Adriana Maria
Published: September 2021

Objective

To determine the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of the Rotterdam Early Arthritis Cohort (REACH) and the Clinical Arthritis Rule (CARE) referral rules in an independent population of unselected patients from primary care.

Methods

This study consisted of adults who were suspected of the need for referral to a rheumatologist by their general practitioner. Diagnostic accuracy measures and a net benefit approach were used to compare both rules to usual care for recognizing inflammatory arthritis and inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs). Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method and cross‐validation we created an optimal prediction rule for IRD.

Results

This study consisted of 250 patients, of whom 42 (17%) were diagnosed with inflammatory arthritis and 55 (22%) with an IRD 3 months after referral. Considering inflammatory arthritis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.64–0.80) for REACH and 0.82 (95% CI 0.75–0.88) for CARE. Considering IRD, the AUC was 0.66 (95% CI 0.58–0.74) for REACH and 0.76 (95% CI 0.69–0.83) for CARE. CARE was of highest clinical value when compared to usual care. The composite referral rule for IRD of 10 parameters included sex, age, joint features, acute onset of symptoms, physical limitations, and duration of symptoms (AUC 0.82 [95% CI 0.75–0.88]).

Conclusion

Both validated rules have a net benefit in recognizing inflammatory arthritis as well as IRD compared to usual care, but CARE shows superiority over REACH. Although the composite referral rule indicates a greater diagnostic performance, external validation is needed.
Molten‐Salt‐Assisted CsPbI3 Perovskite Crystallization for Nearly 20%‐Efficiency Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Jingru , Fang Yuankun , Zhao Wangen , Han Ruijie , Wen Jialun , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: September 2021

Dynamic manipulation of crystallization is pivotal to the quality of polycrystalline films. A molten‐salt‐assisted crystallization (MSAC) strategy is presented to improve grain growth of the all‐inorganic perovskite films. Compared with the traditional solvent annealing, MSAC enables more intensive mass transfer by means of convection and diffusion, which is beneficial to the interaction among the precursor colloids and to inducing in‐plane growth of perovskite grains, resulting in the formation of high‐quality perovskite films with suppressed pinhole and crack formation. Additionally, the introduction of molten salt alters the intermediate phases, and thus changes the crystallization pathways by reducing the energy barrier to produce films with desired optical and electrical properties. As a result, the MSAC strategy endows the devices with champion steady‐state output efficiency of 19.83% and open‐circuit voltage (Voc) as high as 1.2 V, among the highest for this type of solar cell, thanks to its effectively reduced Voc deficit.
Rational Design and General Synthesis of Multimetallic Metal–Organic Framework Nano‐Octahedra for Enhanced Li–S Battery
Authors: Li Wenting , Guo Xiaotian , Geng Pengbiao , Du Meng , Jing Qingling , Chen Xudong , Zhang Guangxun , Li Hongpeng , Xu Qiang , Braunstein Pierre , Pang Huan
Published: September 2021

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which consist of central metal nodes and organic linkers, constitute a fast growing class of crystalline porous materials with excellent application potential. Herein, a series of Mn‐based multimetallic MOF (bimetallic and trimetallic MIL‐100) nano‐octahedra are prepared by a facile one‐pot synthetic strategy. The types and proportions of the incorporated elements can be tuned while retaining the original topological structure. The introduction of other metal ions is verified at the atomic level by combining X‐ray absorption fine structure experiments and theoretical calculations. Furthermore, these multimetallic Mn‐based MIL‐100 nano‐octahedra are utilized as sulfur hosts to prepare cathodes for Li–S batteries. The MnNi‐MIL‐100@S cathode exhibits the best Li–S battery performance among all reported MIL‐100@S composite cathode materials, with a reversible capacity of ≈708.8 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. The synthetic strategy described herein is utilized to incorporate metal ions into the MOF architecture, of which the parent monometallic MOF nano‐octahedra cannot be prepared directly, thus rationally generating novel multimetallic MOFs. Importantly, the strategy also allows for the general synthesis and study of various micro‐/nanoscale MOFs in the energy storage field.
Reversible Thermochromism in All‐Inorganic Lead‐Free Cs3Sb2I9 Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Singh Anupriya , Satapathi Soumitra
Published: September 2021

Here, lattice expansion modulated reversible thermochromism (TCM) in all‐inorganic lead‐free Cs3Sb2I9 perovskite single crystals (SCs) is demonstrated. Upon temperature change, Cs3Sb2I9 SC exhibits a reversible color change between red and dark‐brown. The corresponding optical band‐edge modulation and structural phase transition are monitored by temperature dependent UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction study. This observed reversible TCM is attributed to the lattice expansion and strain relaxation at elevated temperatures. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy confirms enhanced electron–phonon coupling originating from stretched SbI terminal bonds at elevated temperature. This work validates that the all‐inorganic Cs3Sb2I9 perovskites have the potential in smart thermochromic windows and temperature sensors applications.
Antimony‐Rich GaAsxSb1−x Nanowires Passivated by Organic Sulfides for High‐Performance Transistors and Near‐Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Wang Wei , Yip SenPo , Meng You , Wang Weijun , Wang Fei , Bu Xiuming , Lai Zhengxun , Kang Xiaolin , Xie Pengshan , Quan Quan , Liu Chuntai , Ho Johnny C.
Published: September 2021

Due to their excellent properties, ternary GaAsxSb1−x nanowires have been extensively investigated to enable various nanodevice structures. However, the surfactant effect of antimony has a notorious impact on the surface morphology and electrical properties of prepared Sb‐rich nanowires, restricting their practical utilization. Herein, through the in situ passivation effect of thiourea, highly‐crystalline, uniform, and thin GaAsxSb1−x nanowires (x ≤ 0.34) are successfully achieved. In contrast to low‐melting‐point sulfur powders typically used in surfactant‐assisted chemical vapor deposition, thiourea has a relatively higher melting point, facilitating the more controllable formation of SbxSy layer on the nanowire surface to minimize the radial growth and to stabilize the sidewalls for high‐quality Sb‐rich nanowires. When configured into field‐effect transistors, the obtained GaSb nanowires exhibit excellent device performance with a hole mobility of over 200 cm2 V−1 s−1. The optimal GaAs0.18Sb0.82 device yields an impressive responsivity of 5.4 × 104 A W−1 and an external quantum efficiency of 4.4 × 106% under near‐infrared light illumination. Importantly, the rise and decay times are as efficient as 80 and 104 µs, respectively, which are better than any values reported for GaAsSb nanowire photoconductors to date. All these results demonstrate the promising potential of GaAsxSb1−x nanowires for high‐mobility electronics and ultrafast near‐infrared optoelectronics.
Er3+‐Doped Lithium Niobate Thin Film: A Material Platform for Ultracompact, Highly Efficient Active Microphotonic Devices
Authors: Xu Qing , Chen Feng , Chen Zhao-Xi , Wang Cheng , Pun Edwin Yue-Bun , Zhang De-Long
Published: September 2021

Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) has already become a promising material platform for ultracompact, high‐performance, and low‐cost passive microphotonic devices. However, studies on an active LNOI platform are relatively slow. Current work aims at developing an important integrated photonic piece, an active LNOI thin film and waveguide. Herein, it is first demonstrated that a full wafer‐scale (3 in. in diameter) Er3+‐doped LNOI (Er:LNOI) wafer can be fabricated by directly ion‐beam slicing a commercially bulk Er3+‐doped lithium niobate wafer. Then, a number of rib‐type waveguides with a cross‐section <1 μm2 are patterned on its surface using mature nanostructuring technologies. Further optical and spectroscopic characterization results confirm the applicability of the Er:LNOI wafer to the fabrication of an active waveguide. The success in fabrication of Er3+‐doped LNOI thin film and waveguides enables the establishment of an active LNOI platform and opens the possibility of developing ultracompact active microphotonic devices, which may find wide applications in the fields of optical communications, nonlinear optics, microwave photonics, and novel photonic systems such as parity‐time symmetric systems.
Improving the Modulation Bandwidth of GaN‐Based Light‐Emitting Diodes for High‐Speed Visible Light Communication: Countermeasures and Challenges
Authors: Wan Rongqiao , Wang Liancheng , Huang Jinpeng , Yi Xiaoyan , Kuo Hao-Chung , Li Jinmin
Published: September 2021

Visible light communication (VLC) has attracted widespread attention for wireless communications. The popularity of GaN‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) has also laid a solid foundation for the application of VLC. As the light source of VLC, LED's modulation bandwidth directly determines the speed of communication. Herein, reviewing progress on modulation bandwidth improvement schemes of GaN LEDs transmitter is reviewed, covering aspects from epitaxial to devices. Epitaxial approaches include c‐polar facet epitaxial optimization, non/semipolar facet epitaxial growth, and chip scheme such as micro‐LEDs, nano‐LEDs, resonant cavity‐LEDs (RC‐LEDs), plasmon, and metacavity LEDs. In terms of white LEDs, approaches to tackle the slow Stokes transfer and long carrier life for conventional phosphors including new color‐conversion materials (CCMs) and new energy transfer routes are reviewed. This review promotes the development of GaN‐based LEDs as the transmitter for high‐speed VLC.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Selective Alkynylation of C−H Bonds
Authors: Suseelan Sarala Anjana , Bhowmick Suman , de Carvalho Renato L. , Al‐Thabaiti Shaeel Ahmed , Mokhtar Mohamed , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. , Maiti Debabrata
Published: September 2021

Alkynylation reactions are one of the most sought‐after synthetic methodologies due to the versatility of C−C triple bond diversifications. Sonogashira coupling was widely used for the synthesis of alkynylated molecules; however, this methodology requires the use of previously halogenated substrates, which is a major drawback. To overcome this issue, a complimentary method, transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H alkynylation, was emerged as an alternative tool in the recent years. Though the initial reports required the use of either specific directing groups or strong alkynylating agents for effective functionalization, recent studies indicate that transition‐metal‐catalyzed site selective alkynylations can be carried out using mild and readily available alkynylating agents under moderate reaction conditions. In this review, we explain the transition metal cataluyzed site selective alkynylation both C(sp2)−H and C(sp3)−H bonds by emphasizing to the reaction mechanism.

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