bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of vapocoolant spray for vascular puncture in children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Lan , Fang Liu , Zhou Yang , Fang Xiaofeng , Liu Jiang , Qu Guiyu
Published: February 2023

Objective

The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the vapocoolants for vascular puncture in children and adults.

Method

The search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and The Cochrane Library, from inception to March 2022. Randomized controlled trials comparing vapocoolants to control conditions for participants received intravenous cannulation or arterial puncture were included. Two reviewers independently performed selection of studies, data extraction, and assessment of risk of bias. The analysis was performed using fixed or random-effects model with mean differences or standardized mean difference and risk ratios.

Results

A total of 25 studies involving 3143 participants were included. Compared with control conditions, vapocoolants may not decrease the pain of patients with arterial puncture (SMD = -0.36, 95% CI = -0.92 to -0.19,P= 0.20), but may more effectively relieve pain for adults received vein puncture (SMD = -0.65, 95% CI = -0.85 to -0.45,P< 0.00001). The application of vapocoolant increased the procedural difficulty of medical personnel (RR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.62 to 3.84,P<0.000 1) and participants were more willing to use the spray in the future (RR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.34 to 2.64,P= 0.0002). There was no significant difference for the first attempt success rate of the procedure and the occurrence of adverse events.

Conclusions

Vapocoolant spray may relieve pain in adults received vein puncture and cannot cause severe side effects, but is ineffective in children. It also had no effect on patients with arterial puncture. In addition, the application of spray increases procedural difficulties for medical professionals, but does not decrease first attempt success rate, and many patients would like to use the spray again for pain relief in the future. Thus, more rigorous and large-scale studies are needed to determine its effectiveness in vascular access.
Validation of saline, PBS and a locally produced VTM at varying storage conditions to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus by qRT-PCR
Authors: Ngetsa Caroline , Osoti Victor , Okanda Dorcas , Marura Faith , Shah Krupali , Karanja Henry , Mugo Daisy , Gitonga John , Mutunga Martin , Lewa Clement , Orindi Benedict , Bejon Philip , Ochola-Oyier Lynette Isabella
Published: February 2023

Coronavirus Disease-2019 tests require a Nasopharyngeal (NP) and/or Oropharyngeal (OP) specimen from the upper airway, from which virus RNA is extracted and detected through quantitative reverse transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The viability of the virus is maintained after collection by storing the NP/OP swabs in Viral Transport Media (VTM). We evaluated the performance of four transport media: locally manufactured (“REVITAL”) Viral Transport Media (RVTM), Standard Universal Transport Media (SUTM), PBS and 0.9% (w/v) NaCl (normal saline). We used laboratory cultured virus to evaluate: i) viral recovery and maintaining integrity at different time periods and temperatures; ii) stability in yielding detectable RNA consistently for all time points and conditions; and iii) their overall accuracy. Four vials of SARS-CoV-2 cultured virus (2 high and 2 low concentration samples) and 1 negative control sample were prepared for each media type (SUTM, RVTM, PBS and normal saline) and stored at the following temperatures, -80°C, 4°C, 25°C and 37°C for 7 days. Viral RNA extractions and qRT-PCR were performed at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days after inoculation with the cultured virus to assess virus stability and viral recovery. Ct values fell over time at 25°C and 37°C, but normal saline, PBS, RVTM and SUTM all showed comparable performance in maintaining virus integrity and stability allowing for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Overall, this study demonstrated that normal saline, PBS and the locally manufactured VTM can be used for COVID-19 sample collection and testing, thus expanding the range of SARS-CoV-2 viral collection media.
HIV-1 release requires Nef-induced caspase activation
Authors: Segura Jason , Ireland Joanna , Zou Zhongcheng , Roth Gwynne , Buchwald Julianna , Shen Thomas J. , Fischer Elizabeth , Moir Susan , Chun Tae-Wook , Sun Peter D.
Published: February 2023

HIV infection remains incurable to date and there are no compounds targeted at the viral release. We show here HIV viral release is not spontaneous, rather requires caspases activation and shedding of its adhesion receptor, CD62L. Blocking the caspases activation caused virion tethering by CD62L and the release of deficient viruses. Not only productive experimental HIV infections require caspases activation for viral release, HIV release from both viremic and aviremic patient-derived CD4 T cells also require caspase activation, suggesting HIV release from cellular viral reservoirs depends on apoptotic shedding of the adhesion receptor. Further transcriptomic analysis of HIV infected CD4 T cells showed a direct contribution of HIV accessory gene Nef to apoptotic caspases activation. Current HIV cure focuses on the elimination of latent cellular HIV reservoirs that are resistant to infection-induced cell death. This has led to therapeutic strategies to stimulate T cell apoptosis in a “kick and kill” approach. Our current work has shifted the paradigm on HIV-induced apoptosis and suggests such approach would risk to induce HIV release and thus be counter-productive. Instead, our study supports targeting of viral reservoir release by inhibiting of caspases activation.
Can social enterprises aid sustainable development? Evidence from multi-stage investigations
Authors: Bansal Sanchita , Garg Isha , Vasa László
Published: February 2023

Background

Social enterprises must balance between profitability and sustainability. The impetus on sustainability grew further after the adaption of the SDG agenda by the United Nations (UN).

Objective

This paper examines the role of social enterprises in helping attain sustainable development goals in India.

Research design

This multi-stage paper comprises three studies directed at scale development, scale refinement, pre-testing, and construct validity. The scale development stage is conducted through a combination of extensive literature review and focused group discussions. Expert discussions and item-reduction techniques have been used in the second stage aimed at scale refinement and pre-testing. The third stage of testing construct validity is carried out through Partial Least Square–Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM).

Results

The findings suggest that all the competencies of social enterprises identified in the study i.e. social mission, collaborative networks, innovation, financial viability and level of scalability significantly impact sustainable development.

Conclusion

Because the goals of social enterprises and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are mutually reinforcing and complementary, the study suggests that social enterprises have a lot of potential for achieving the SDGs. The study also suggests future research directions and policy implications that can be replicated in other countries.
Global inequity creates local insufficiency: A qualitative study of COVID-19 vaccine implementation challenges in low-and-middle-income countries
Authors: Haldane Victoria , Ariyarajah Archchun , Berry Isha , Loutet Miranda , Salamanca-Buentello Fabio , Upshur Ross E. G.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified pre-existing challenges to health promotion and care across the world, and particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This qualitative study draws on data from a panel of immunisation experts and uses a novel framework of vaccine delivery domains to explore perspectives from those who live and work in these settings on the challenges to implementing COVID-19 vaccine programs in LMICs.

Methods

We conducted a thematic content analysis of 96 participant free text replies to questions from Round I of a three-round Delphi consensus study amongst global experts on COVID-19 vaccine implementation.

Results

Participant responses highlighted challenges to vaccine program implementation including issues related to equity; governance, decision-making, and financing; regulatory structures, planning, and coordination; prioritisation, demand generation, and communication; vaccine, cold chain, logistics, and infrastructure; service delivery, human resources, and supplies; and surveillance, monitoring, and evaluation.

Conclusion

We reflect on our findings in light of global efforts to address vaccine inequity and emphasise three key areas salient to improving vaccination efforts during novel infectious disease outbreaks: 1) Ensuring safe and sustainable service delivery in communities and at points of care; 2) Strengthening systems for end-to-end delivery of vaccines, therapeutics, diagnostics, and essential supplies; 3) Transforming structural paradigms towards vaccine equity.
Estimating detection for salt-marsh songbirds during winter using the double-pass rope-drag technique
Authors: Watts Bryan D. , Smith Fletcher M. , Hines Chance H.
Published: February 2023

Bird species that are restricted to tidal marshes during one or all of their life stages are under increasing pressure from sea-level rise. To date, most of the research focused on this group has been conducted during the breeding season despite the fact that more than half of the annual cycle is spent on wintering grounds and the high likelihood that the winter period is the most critical time for adult survival. We used a double-pass rope-drag technique to estimate the winter abundance of sharp-tailed sparrows (Ammospiza nelsonandA.caudacutuscollectively), seaside sparrows (A.maritimus) and marsh wrens (Cistothorus palustris) within tidal marshes of Virginia along 102 60X250 m transects between January and March, 2014. We used the first pass to remove birds from the transect and the second pass was used to estimate detection probabilities. The technique was highly effective producing detection rates of 98% for sharp-tailed sparrows, 95% for seaside sparrows, and 91% for marsh wrens. We conducted three rounds of surveys and found that species-specific detection rates were comparable when we restricted our analyses to two survey rounds. Availability and abundance estimates deviated to a greater degree than detection rates when restricting data to that collected during only two rounds but confidence intervals overlapped for all three taxa, regardless of which two survey periods were used for the comparison. However, results were less precise when we restricted our analyses to two of three rounds with confidence intervals averaging 13%, 45%, and 14% larger for detection, availability, and abundance respectively. The double-pass rope-drag technique provides an effective, unbiased sampling technique to estimate winter songbird abundance in saltmarsh habitat provided that at least two rounds are used and increasing the number of survey rounds will result in more precise estimates.
Impact of blood factors on endothelial cell metabolism and function in two diverse heart failure models
Authors: Song Young , Leem Joseph , Dhanani Mehul , McKirnan M. Dan , Ichikawa Yasuhiro , Braza Julie , Harrington Elizabeth O. , Hammond H. Kirk , Roth David M. , Patel Hemal H.
Published: February 2023

Role of blood-based factors in development and progression of heart failure (HF) is poorly characterized. Blood contains factors released during pathophysiological states that may impact cellular function and provide mechanistic insights to HF management. We tested effects of blood from two distinct HF models on cardiac metabolism and identified possible cellular targets of the effects. Blood plasma was obtained from daunorubicin- and myocardial infarction-induced HF rabbits (Dauno-HF and MI-HF) and their controls (Dauno-Control and MI-Control). Effects of plasma on bioenergetics of myocardial tissue from healthy mice and cellular cardiac components were assessed using high-resolution respirometry and Seahorse flux analyzer. Since endothelial cell respiration was profoundly affected by HF plasma, effects of plasma on endothelial cell barrier function and death were further evaluated. Western-blotting and electron microscopy were performed to evaluate mitochondrial proteins and morphology. Brief exposure to HF plasma decreased cardiac tissue respiration. Endothelial cell respiration was most impacted by exposure to HF plasma. Endothelial cell monolayer integrity was decreased by incubation with Dauno-HF plasma. Apoptosis and necrosis were increased in cells incubated with Dauno-HF plasma for 24 h. Down-regulation of voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC)-1, translocase of outer membrane 20 (Tom20), and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) in cells exposed to Dauno-HF plasma and mitochondrial signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and MFF in cells exposed to MI-HF plasma were observed. Mitochondrial structure was disrupted in cells exposed to HF plasma. These findings indicate that endothelial cells and mitochondrial structure and function may be primary target where HF pathology manifests and accelerates. High-throughput blood-based screening of HF may provide innovative ways to advance disease diagnosis and management.
Undergraduate e-learning programmes in health professions: An integrative review of evaluation standards in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Mutua Moses M. , Nyoni Champion N.
Published: February 2023

Background

Before the Coronavirus COVID-19, universities offered blended learning as a mode of study. However, with the closure of all educational institutions, after the pandemic, most of these institutions were required to transition to e-learning to support continuous student learning. This transition was challenging to most institutions, as there were no standards to ensure the quality of e-learning. During this literature review, the researcher aimed to explore relevant literature and provide insight into the standards for undergraduate e-learning programmes in the health professions.

Design

An integrative review of literature.

Data sources

Online databases MEDLINE, CINAHL with full text, Academic search ultimate, APA PsycInfo, ERIC, Health Source: Nursing/academic edition, CAB abstracts, Africa-wide information, Sociology source ultimate, and Communication and Mass media complete were searched.

Materials and methods

Studies pertaining to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) on standards in evaluating undergraduate e-learning programmes in health professions, published between January 2010 to June 2022, were considered. A two-step process was followed involving three reviewers and guided by an inclusion criteria focused on the evaluation of undergraduate e-learning programmes in the health professions. The initial hit produced 610 articles altogether, and eight articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Data was then extracted and analysed, and key themes were identified.

Results

Eight Key themes related to LMIC standards emerged from the eight selected articles: curriculum planning, proficiency of educators, learner proficiency and attitude, infrastructure for learning, support and evaluation.

Conclusion

In this review, we synthesised standards that have been used for evaluating undergraduate e-learning programmes in health professions in LMICs. A gap in standards related to clinical teaching and learning in undergraduate e-learning programmes in the health professions was evident from all the included articles. The identification of the eight unique LMIC standards in this review could contribute to guiding towards contextually appropriate quality e-learning programmes in the health professions.
Increase in the extent of mass coral bleaching over the past half-century, based on an updated global database
Authors: Virgen-Urcelay Alejandra , Donner Simon D.
Published: February 2023

The recurrence of mass coral bleaching and associated coral mortality in the past few decades have raised questions about the future of coral reef ecosystems. Although coral bleaching is well studied, our understanding of the spatial extent of bleaching events continues to be limited by geographical biases in data collection. To address this gap, we updated a previous observational database and spatially modelled the probability of past bleaching occurrence. First, an existing raw observational database was updated to cover the 1963–2017 period using searches of the academic and grey literature and outreach to coral reef monitoring organizations. Then, in order to provide spatially-explicit global coverage, we employed indicator kriging to spatially model the probability of bleaching occurrence each year from 1985 through 2017 at 0.05° x 0.05° lat-long resolution. The updated raw database has 37,774 observations, including 22,650 positive bleaching reports, three times that in the previous version. The spatial interpolation suggests that 71% of the world’s coral reefs likely (>66% probability) experienced bleaching at least once during the 1985 and 2017 period. The mean probability of bleaching across all reefs globally was 29–45% in the most severe bleaching years of 1998, 2005, 2010 and 2016. Modelled bleaching probabilities were positively related with annual maximum Degree Heating Weeks (DHW), a measure of thermal stress, across all years (p<0.001), and in each global bleaching event (p<0.01). In addition, the annual maximum DHW of reef cells that very likely (>90% probability) experienced bleaching increased over time at three times the rate of all reef cells, suggesting a possible increase in reef thermal tolerance. The raw and spatially interpolated databases can be used by other researchers to enhance real-time predictions, calibrate models for future projections, and assess the change in coral reef response to thermal stress over time.
Midgut Volvulus in a Pregnant Patient Presenting With Abdominal Pain
Authors: Scalzo Nicholas , Lin Zilan X. , Yick Frederick , Tewari Virendra
Published: February 2023

Abdominal pain is a common symptom during pregnancy, but bowel obstruction as the cause is a rare phenomenon. Moreover, intestinal volvulus is an even more unusual cause of obstruction during pregnancy and normally involves the sigmoid colon. We report a unique case of midgut volvulus in a pregnant patient entering her third trimester who presented to the hospital with abdominal pain. Our case demonstrates the safety of computed topography in pregnancy while restricting radiation dose and highlights the need to have a high index of suspicion for bowel obstruction when approaching a pregnant patient with abdominal pain.
A system of additive functional equations in complex Banach algebras
Authors: Paokanta Siriluk , Dehghanian Mehdi , Park Choonkil , Sayyari Yamin
Published: February 2023

In this article, we solve the system of additive functional equations:

2
f

(

x
+
y

)

−
g

(

x

)

=
g

(

y

)

,

g

(

x
+
y

)

−
2
f

(

y
−
x

)

=
4
f

(

x

)

\left\{\phantom{\rule[-1.25em]{}{0ex}}\begin{array}{l}2f\left(x+y)-g\left(x)=g(y),\\ g\left(x+y)-2f(y-x)=4f\left(x)\end{array}\right.

and prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the system of additive functional equations in complex Banach spaces. Furthermore, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of

f

f

-hom-ders in Banach algebras.
Biostratigraphy of the Late Campanian–Maastrichtian of the Duwi Basin, Red Sea, Egypt
Authors: Orabi Orabi H. , Eldosouky Ahmed M. , Abdelrahman Kamal , El Gammal Reda M. , Nallamuthu Malarkodi , Fnais Mohammed S. , Andráš Peter
Published: February 2023

During the Late Campanian, sea-level fluctuation occurred in the form of two chert bands and the topmost conglomeratic phosphate beds (CF8a zone). A great transgression event occurred associated with the global warming (CF8b zone) trend indicated by large double-keeled foraminifera as Globotruncana aegyptiaca Nakkady of oligotrophic conditions. Through the event of CF6/CF5 zones, a gradual increase in the relative abundance of Gublerina rajagopalani Govindan and Planoheterohelix planata (Cushman) and other heterohelicids have been shown to tolerate and thrive in a wide range of environmental conditions as in high-stress environments. Sea-level fall at the CF6 zone and the overlying CF5 boundary marked a warming climate for the Middle Maastrichtian Event. In the latest CF4 records, the beginning of the decrease in planktic/benthic ratio, globotruncanids, rugoglobigerinids, and heterohelicids indicating a fall in sea level coincided with the CF4/CF3 and the development of dark grey shales in a regressive regime. The observed low abundance of planktic specimens may be due to the presence of pyrite with black shale interval suggesting low oxygen condition. The latest zones CF3, CF2, and CF1 are generally characterized by heterohelicids blooms specially Planoheterohelix globulosa (Ehrenberg), and a gradual decrease in diversity associated with the warming phase before the K/Pg boundary event, implying high biotic stress to even absent of Guembelitria cretacea species through CF3–CF1 zones. Pseudotextularia elegans (Rzehak) occurs in the zones CF4 and CF2 warming of phases 1 and 2 of Deccan Trap Volcanic. The absence of P. elegans (Rzehak) in the zone (CF3) is postulated due to a tectonic cause (maximum cooling of Deccan Trap Volcanic) whereas its absence in the zone (CF1) was due to regression of phase 2.
Ash melting behavior and mechanism of high-calcium bituminous coal in the process of blast furnace pulverized coal injection
Authors: Chai Yifan , Hu Wenxian , Luo Guoping , Gao Xing , Wang Junjie , Liu Jinzhou
Published: February 2023

High-calcium bituminous coal has the advantages on combustibility, but its ash melting point is low, and it is easy to slag in blast furnace injection process. In order to explore the ash melting slag formation mechanism of high-calcium bituminous coal, the mineral evolution of ash in the combustion process of high-calcium bituminous coal and the influence of ash components on the liquid formation in the melting process were studied. The results showed that the melting behavior of ash gradually occurs with the change in the morphology, and the main mineral transformation is carried out around different deposition forms of Ca and Si. The liquid phase formation of ash at high temperature is the essential reason of its melting behavior. The higher the content of CaO, the higher the starting temperature of the liquid phase formation. The higher the content of SiO2, the lower the starting temperature of the liquid phase formation, and the more the liquid phases generated at a given temperature. Increasing the content of Al2O3 can expand the temperature range of reducing the formation of ash liquid phase to 1,473–1,673 K. When the temperature is above 1,573 K, Fe2O3 can promote ash liquid phase formation.
Comprehension of English articles by Korean learners of L2 English and L3 Spanish
Authors: Park Minjung , García Mayo María del Pilar
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to compare the comprehension of second language (L2) English articles by native speakers of Korean, an article-less language, and by Korean learners of English as an L2 and Spanish as a third language (L3). The participants were 22 adult learners with advanced overall proficiency in L2 English and L3 Spanish. They completed two tasks, an online self-paced reading task and an offline acceptability rating task. The findings showed that both the trilingual and the bilingual groups relied on definiteness in distinguishing English articles as native speakers do. The findings related to the trilingual group were predicted by the morphological congruency hypothesis, but those related to the bilingual group were against the predictions of the fluctuation hypothesis. A comparison between the two non-native groups showed that the trilingual group had a higher sensitivity to distinguish English articles than the bilingual group, which provides evidence for positive backward transfer from the L3 to the L2 in article comprehension by learners of English whose L1 is article-less, such as Korean.
Das werden-Passiv in Schulbüchern der Chemie
Authors: Olthoff Sarah , Romstadt Jonas
Published: February 2023

The competent use of the specific language of school subjects is fundamental for successful learning and teaching in school. For a language-sensitive design of lessons and empirical foundation of didactic and methodical concepts, knowledge of how students read a text is needed as well as evidence-based knowledge of formal and functional aspects of subject-specific language.

A corpus analysis confirms that the passive is a prototypical construction in chemistry textbooks. Thus the competent handling of those sentences is a relevant aspect of subject-specific language competence. The verbs used in the passive sentences in books included in the corpus are predominantly morphologically complex, and can be indicated as chemistry-specific lexis, e. g. related to the sub-microscopic level. Furthermore, they are commonly used in conjunction with abstract agents. On the other hand, these verbs are also encountered to students in everyday (i. e. non-subject-specific) contexts but in these contexts they diverge semantically and are commonly used in conjunction with a human agent. Therefore, the function of the passive sentences differs: While passive sentences with a human agent allow an expression of anonymised actions, the passive sentences with abstract agents enable the verbalisation of abstract processes. The distribution of those functional distinction differs between school subjects and contexts. Abstract agents in passive sentences can support the maintenance of pre-instructional concepts of students, especially if the verbs are not obviously specific for the context of chemistry. Therefore, a specific language-education for school subjects is needed which includes the analysis of formal and functional aspects. The results of the corpus analysis can be used for context-based scaffolding in language-sensitive chemistry lessons.
Friedrich Nietzsche: la experiencia del extrañamiento en la crítica de los valores
Authors: Bárcenas Ramón
Published: February 2023

La crítica de los valores ejercida por Nietzsche problematiza el origen de los valores. La filosofía tradicional considera que éstos tienen un origen privilegiado, ya sea de naturaleza teológica o metafísica. Este origen supremo es lo que les otorga una validez incuestionable. El pensador alemán se opone a esta convicción y propone la tesis contraria: los valores provienen, no de una región plena de realidad, sino de un ámbito sujeto al cambio, al azar y a la contingencia. Esto posibilita concebir los valores sumos como creaciones humanas susceptibles de examen. La crítica de los valores suscita así un extrañamiento ante lo familiar, pues los valores heredados se tornan ajenos. De igual forma, conlleva un ejercicio de remoción de máscaras encubridoras que busca exhibir aquello que se oculta en los valores heredados, a saber, el carácter nihilista de los principios fundamentales de la cultura occidental.
John Singer Sargent: del lujo industrial a la transformación social
Authors: Sánchez Angel , Zarza Villegas Susana Silvia
Published: February 2023

Condicionada por el modo económico de cada formación social, la pintura ha participado -y no en menor medida- de la adaptación; sus imágenes rectoras han dado cuerpo y forma a los engranajes ideológicos, y su valor funcional se ha reconducido a la mera relación fetichista; de esta manera, en el instante en que hay pintura, deja de haberla propiamente. Por otro lado, el arte tiene por condición autonomía y libertad, y en el artista no es decisiva la conciencia armónica, puesto que carece de libertad, puesto que está en dialéctica con la realidad social, éste interviene en su transformación. El presente artículo intenta dar cuenta cómo la vida y la obra de John Singer Sargent remiten a dicha naturaleza antinómica, que nos hace recordar la idea y la realidad, de la propia libertad. 
Palabras clave: fetichismo, transformación, arte, artista, naturaleza.
Attribution Impacts Implicit (And Explicit) Evaluations
Authors: Schmidt Kathleen
Published: February 2023

Two studies examined whether the attributional framing of negative events affected explicit evaluations, as measured by differences in liking, and implicit evaluations, as measured by the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald et al., 1998). In Study 1, participants read negative information about a novel target ordered to elicit internal or external attributions. Participants in the internal attribution condition evaluated the target more negatively than did those in the external attribution condition on both implicit and explicit measures. Study 2 replicated these results and tested the effects of attribution on recently formed negative evaluations. Participants who evaluated targets before and after receiving additional negative information about them demonstrated implicit and explicit evaluative change consistent with the attributional framing of that information. This research provides clear evidence that attribution influences the formation and change of implicit evaluations; however, these effects were weaker than those on explicit measures of evaluation.
Ethics and Associativeness
Authors: Klee Louis
Published: February 2023

These conversations between Teju Cole and Louis Klee explore form and ethics in Cole’s photography and writing. They begin with a close engagement with the central thematic concerns and motifs in Cole’s 2017 photo-essay book Blind Spot and then move to his recent book of essays, Black Paper (2021). Throughout, the focus is on questions of how photography and writing relate, and how politics and ethics are implicated in literary and artistic form.
Effects of gold film thickness and annealing time on diameter of silicon nanowires grown by VLS process
Authors:   School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China, Li Z. , Tang A. J. ,   School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China, Tang S.Y. ,   School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China, Hu D. W. ,   School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China, Tian H. X. ,   School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China, Wang W. ,   School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
Published: February 2023

In this paper, silicon nanowires were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in the presence of gold catalyst. We discussed the effects of gold film thickness and annealing time on droplet diameter and silicon nanowire diameter. The study revealed that the diameter of silicon nanowires increases with the increase of the thickness of the gold film. With the increase of annealing time, the number of alloy droplets decreases, and the diameter increases. The average diameter of silicon nanowires decreases first and then increases. The results provide useful information for long-time annealing of silicon nanowires.
Synthesis and characterization Al2O3-ZrO2 bio-nanostructures with sintering effect, residual and thermally stable analysis
Authors:   Department of Physics, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan, Wasim M. F. , Ali S. ,   Department of Physics, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan, Ashraf M. W. ,   Department of Physics, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan, Rafique A. ,   Department of Physics, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan, Ahmad J. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore-RCET Campus, Pakistan, Akhter M. I. ,   Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan, Qadeer A. ,   Department of Physics, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan, Tayyaba S. ,   Department of Computer Engineering, The University of Lahore, Pakistan, Ahmad Z. ,   Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
Published: February 2023

The thermal stability of nano composite materials is the important aspect of the modern era. In the advance modern devices, the nanostructures and nano composite material are used for the biological and other applications. The aluminum oxide is the most prominent oxides and composite at nano scale that show different structures, electrical and thermal properties which make it useful in different applications. Sol-Gel technique was used for synthesis to grow these nanostructures of Al2O3-ZrO2. Thermal stability was achieved and thermo-gravimetric (TGA) graphical analysis of synthesized material was performed. Size, phase and structure validation about the productive material was studied by X-Ray diffraction powder technique. Reaction completion and idea about annealing temperature of the synthesized material had pointed out by DSC-TGA (SDT) graphical peaks. Effect of the temperatures with equal variation from 500 0C, 700 0C, 900 0C and 1100 0C was performed to achieve the target thermal stability. Thermal analysis was also conducted in ANSYS workbench to visualize the thermal distributes like heat flux through the material. Optical properties such as band gap variation with temperature were studied by UV-vis analysis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was also performed. This work provides useful information related to nanostructures with sintering effect, residual and thermally stable analysis.
A monopole microwave-assisted electrochemical sensor for the detection of liquid chemicals
Authors:   bDepartment of Electrical and Electronics, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay, 31100, Turkey, Karatepe A. , Akgöl O. ,   bDepartment of Electrical and Electronics, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay, 31100, Turkey, Abdulkarim Y. I. ,   Medical Physics Department, College of Medicals & Applied Science, Charmo University, 46023, Chamchamal, Sulaimania, Iraq, Dalgac Ş. ,   Department of Electric and Electronics engineering, Sivas University of Science and Technology,58050 Sivas, Turkey, Awl H. N. ,   Department of Communication, Engineering College, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, 46001 Sulaimani, Iraq, Muhammadsharif F. F. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, 44023 Koya, Iraq, Karaaslan M. ,   bDepartment of Electrical and Electronics, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay, 31100, Turkey, Ünal E. ,   bDepartment of Electrical and Electronics, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay, 31100, Turkey, Raza Saeed S. ,   Charmo Centre for Research, Training and Consultancy, Charmo University, 46023 Chamchamal, Iraq, Luo H. ,   School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China, Huang S. X. ,   School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a new sensor structure is presented based on a printed circuit board (PCB) monopole antenna with operating frequency of f= 2 GHz. Numerical investigation was performed in order to determine the ethanol alcohol ratio in wine and isopropyl alcohol ratio in disinfectants (sanitizers). Finite Integration Technique (FIT) based commercial high-frequency electromagnetic solver CST Microwave Studio has been used for the simulation study. The loss tangent values and dielectric constants of the samples used in the current study were obtained by KEYSIGHT brand PNA-L N5234A Network Analyzer. The proposed sensor structure was able to greatly differentiate the ethanol alcohol content in the wine and the isopropyl alcohol content in the sanitizer through the return loss values and corresponding graphs. In the design of patch antenna, the electromagnetic permittivity ratios of the samples corresponding to the alcohol ratio and isopropyl ratio are considered and the antenna dimensions along with the working frequency were optimized accordingly. In the related frequency band, permittivity values corresponding to the ethanol alcohol and isopropyl alcohol ratios exhibit a linear variation and make the sensor design possible. According to the obtained results, it was found that the changes in the resonance frequency can be associated with ethanol alcohol and isopropyl alcohol ratio inside the samples. The change of ethanol alcohol amount and isopropyl alcohol in the liquid samples tested at the resonance frequency of patch antenna is proportional to the change in the resonance frequency and they are very close to a linear characteristic.
Comparative research of electrospark deposited Tungsten alloy coating in two kinds of gas
Authors:   School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China, Liang Z. , Zhang H. ,   School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China, Wang S. ,   School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China, Zhang L. ,   Shandong Special Industry Group Co. Ltd, Zibo 255201, China, Zhu C. ,   Chongqing Chang’an Industry (Group) Co. Ltd, Chongqing 401120, China, Jin H. ,   School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China, Guo C. ,   School of Equipment Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China
Published: February 2023

A W alloy was used as an electrode to prepare a coating on a CrNi3MoVA steel substrate by means of electrospark deposition (ESD) technique. The mass transfer coefficient (MTC) from the electrode to the substrate was calculated through measuring the mass change by employing an electronic balance in air and in argon, respectively, and the morphologies, composition and phase structure were analyzed by utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results showed that the ambient gas has an obvious influence on the surface morphology, microstructure, phase structure and MTC of the ESD W alloy coating. Although the MTC in argon has a high value in the ESD process, the whole W alloy coating can’t keep thickening as the ball-like bulges grow up on the surface, which will make the coating rough with the deposition time goes on.
Adsorption study of phosphate ions pollution in aqueous solutions using microwave synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles
Authors:   Department of Chemical Industrial, Institute of Technology/Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Iraq, Aboud N. A. A. , Jasim B. E. ,   Department of Chemical Industrial, Institute of Technology/Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Iraq, Rheima A. M. ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Waist, Kut, Iraq
Published: February 2023

Phosphorus (as phosphate ions) is an essential ingredient that is commonly used in agriculture as both a fertilizer as well as in industry as a detergent which causes significant water pollution. The nanomaterials are mainly involved in removing these ions due to their high surface area. In this study, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) has been synthesized by microwave method. XRD, AFM and SEM were used to investigate the synthesized MgO nanoparticles. The average particles size of MgO NPs calculated to be range (25-39 nm), and has a cubic structure. The synthesized nanoparticles were tested to remove phosphate ions from aqueous solutions. From the resulted, which found that at a pH 12, temperature 298°C the highest adsorption efficiency of phosphate (72%) as a contact time was 150 minutes. It was found that the adsorption mechanism was spontaneous and endothermic by thermodynamic measurements. Generally, the data indicated a good effectiveness of MgO in the removal of phosphate.
Removal of Pb2+ from contaminated water using modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa, Molele L. S. , Magadzu T. ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa, Ambushe A. A. ,   Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
Published: February 2023

The effects of ethylene diamine (EDA), poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer and polyvinyl alcohols (PVA) modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated for the adsorption of Pb2+ ions in synthetic water and subsequently, in wastewater samples. The prepared MWCNTs nanocomposites were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The concentration of Pb2+ ions were measured by flame-atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), respectively. Removal of Pb2+ ions from synthetic solutions was carried out by varying parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, contact time and adsorbent dosage. The maximum removal of Pb2+ ions was achievable at a pH of 6.5. The removal efficiency increased (more than 90%) with metal ion concentration; and reached equilibrium at 40 mg/L Pb2+ ions in all nanocomposites. Equilibrium was reached within the first 30 minutes, (at a low adsorbent dosage of 0.03 g) and remained constant in all nanocomposites. The EDA-MWCNTs nanocomposite yielded more than 90% Pb2+ ions removal from synthetic solutions as compared to both PAMAM dendrimers and polyvinyl alcohols. The analysis of wastewater indicated that the concentration of Pb2+ before treatment was ranging from 4.09 to 35.73 µg/L. The nanocomposite was able to remove 99% of Pb2+ from wastewater. Concentrations of Pb2+ varied from 0.200 - 0.234 µg/L after adsorption, which are below acceptable levels recommended by World Health Organisation (WHO), i.e, 10 µg/L Pb2+ .
Efeitos da sucção à mamadeira e ao seio materno em bebês prematuros
Authors: da Silva Maria Helena Abud , Fujinaga Cristina Ide , Leite Adriana Moraes , e Silva Andreara de Almeida , Costa Junior Moacyr Lobo da , Silvan Scochi Carmen Gracinda
Published: February 2023

A alimentação do prematuro é uma preocupação na assistência neonatal e o aleitamento materno tem sido recomendado. Entretanto, nem todos os serviços preconizam alimentação ao seio materno a essa clientela. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar os efeitos da sucção à mamadeira e ao seio materno sobre a saturação de oxigênio, temperatura cutânea, freqüências cardíaca e respiratória. Trata-se de estudo de caso, no qual cada prematuro foi controle dele próprio, sendo submetido a sessões de sucção à mamadeira e ao seio materno. Realizaram-se 76 sessões de sucção, nas quais se monitorou as variáveis temperatura cutânea, freqüência cardíaca e respiratória e saturação de oxigênio. A temperatura cutânea, freqüências cardíaca e respiratória não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Houve alterações importantes na saturação de oxigênio, com maior ocorrência para sucção à mamadeira. Concluiu-se que a sucção ao seio materno mostrou-se menos estressante do que a sucção à mamadeira quanto à saturação de oxigênio.
O significado de cuidar do recém-nascido sem possibilidade de terapêutica curativa
Authors: Silva Mércia Karolinne Gonçalves , Rocha Silvana Santiago da
Published: February 2023

A Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) é um local que provoca diferentes emoções para as pessoas que lá atuam, por ser um lugar onde é prestada assistência a pacientes neonatais gravemente enfermos e, muitas vezes, sem possibilidade de terapêutica curativa, demandando apenas cuidados paliativos. Objetivou-se desvelar o significado de cuidar de recém-nascidos sem possibilidade de terapêutica curativa para a equipe de enfermagem; analisar a vivência do enfermeiro de UTIN em relação ao processo de morte e morrer e os seus sentimentos relativos a esse processo. Com uma abordagem qualitativa descritiva realizou-se nove entrevistas com os enfermeiros da UTIN de um hospital e maternidade pública de Teresina-PI. Constatou-se que a morte é um evento frequente, considerado complexo por aqueles que estão diretamente envolvidos na assistência ao recém-nascido. Compreende-se que seja mais difícil para os profissionais enfermeiros a experiência de lidarem com a morte neonatal, necessitando ainda mais de apoio psicossocial.
Ações desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro junto aos adolescentes no Programa Saúde da Família em Maringá/Paraná
Authors: Higarashi Ieda Harumi , Roecker Simone , Baratieri Tatiane , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: February 2023

O estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar as ações de prevenção de doenças, promoção e recuperação da saúde dos adolescentes realizadas pelos enfermeiros do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) no município de Maringá/PR, Brasil. Participaram da pesquisa, oito enfermeiros, representando as cinco microrregiões que compõe o município. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, em maio de 2009, tendo como referencial metodológico a abordagem qualitativa, por análise de conteúdo. Os resultados do estudo demonstraram que os enfermeiros desenvolvem ações de prevenção de doenças e promoção da saúde, por meio de orientações individuais, palestras nas escolas e grupo de adolescentes, relacionadas principalmente à sexualidade e drogas. Percebeu-se, uma lacuna assistencial atribuída à baixa demanda de adolescentes que procurem o serviço de saúde, a ausência de ações sistematizadas voltadas a esta clientela e a falta de recursos formativos que suportem a ação mais efetiva dos profissionais de saúde nesta área.
Respostas fisiológicas e comportamentais de recém-nascidos durante o manuseio em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal
Authors: Magalhães Fernanda Jorge , Teixeira Lima Francisca Elisângela , Rolim Karla Maria Carneiro , Leitão Cardoso Maria Vera Lúcia Moreira , Mendonça Scherlock Maria do Socorro , de Albuquerque Nila Larisse Silva
Published: February 2023

Na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTIN), o recém-nascido (RN) recebe cuidados urgentes na tentativa de melhorar seu estado clínico, havendo diversos episódios de manuseio. Objetivou-se verificar as respostas fisiológicas e comportamentais do recém-nascido internado na UTIN e, propor um protocolo de manuseio mínimo do RN na UTIN. Estudo exploratório, descritivo, abordagem quantitativa; realizado na UTIN de um hospital-escola, em Fortaleza, Ceará. Amostra de 26 RNs, a coleta de dados foi realizada em abril de 2010. Constatou-se que todos os RNs apresentaram média de oito respostas fisiológicas ou comportamentais. As principais foram: arqueamento das sobrancelhas, respostas faciais e aumento do tônus muscular, as quais podem representar para o RN desconforto, desorganização e dor frente aos procedimentos. Conclui-se que o excesso de manuseio altera os aspectos fisiológicos e comportamentais do RN, de modo que o protocolo de manuseio mínimo do RN pode ser uma estratégia para a manutenção do bem-estar.
Características clínicas e diagnósticos de enfermagem em crianças vítimas de queimadura
Authors: Oliveira Batista Larissa Thaisa de , Rodrigues Francileide de Araújo , Buriti Vasconcelos Josilene de Melo
Published: February 2023

A queimadura é uma lesão causada por agentes térmicos, químicos, elétricos ou radioativos e constitui um dos principais tipos de acidentes infantis. Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar as características clínicas e identificar os principais diagnósticos de Enfermagem em crianças vítimas de queimadura. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, retrospectiva, cujos dados foram obtidos de prontuários arquivados no Serviço de Arquivo Médico e Estatístico (SAME) do Hospital de Emergência e Trauma Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa (PB), no período de janeiro a julho de 2008. Os resultados encontrados corroboram com outras pesquisas nesta mesma linha, ou seja, 63% das crianças vítimas de queimadura eram do sexo masculino, 39% na faixa etária de um ano e 41% dos acidentes foram causadas por líquidos superaquecidos. Foram identificados doze diagnósticos de Enfermagem, porém as informações incompletas nos registros dificultaram uma avaliação mais fidedigna do quadro clínico do grupo infantil.