bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SupplementaryTable 4 from Abbreviated Score to Assess Adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations and Risk of Cancer in the UK Biobank
Authors: Malcomson Fiona C. , Parra-Soto Solange , Ho Frederick K. , Celis-Morales Carlos , Sharp Linda , Mathers John C.
Published: January 2024

Comparisons of associations between abbreviated (5-point) score vs. total (7-point) score and risk of all cancers combined and of cancer at individual anatomical sites
Supplementary Table 5 from Association between Dietary Anthocyanidins and Biliary Cancer Risk in 98,458 Participants: Results from a Prospective Study
Authors: Xiang Ling , Wu Dabin , Xu Zhiquan , Tang Yunhao , He Hongmei , Wang Yaxu , Gu Haitao , Peng Linglong
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table 5. Association of total anthocyanidins with biliary cancer anatomic sites.
Supplementary Table S35 from Influence of Half-life and Smoking/Nonsmoking Ratio on Biomarker Consistency between Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study
Authors: Ashley David L. , Zhu Wanzhe , Bhandari Deepak , Wang Lanqing , Feng Jun , Wang Yuesong , Meng Lei , Xia Baoyun , Jarrett Jeffery M. , Chang Cindy M. , Kimmel Heather L. , Blount Benjamin C.
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table S35 shows the results of weighted multiple linear regression analysis of log-transformed urinary N‐acetyl‐S‐(4‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐2‐buten‐1‐yl)‐L‐cysteine (4HMBeMA) with study covariates
Supplementary Table S1 from Effects of KRAS Genetic Interactions on Outcomes in Cancers of the Lung, Pancreas, and Colorectum
Authors: Grabski Isabella N. , Heymach John V. , Kehl Kenneth L. , Kopetz Scott , Lau Ken S. , Riely Gregory J. , Schrag Deborah , Yaeger Rona , Irizarry Rafael A. , Haigis Kevin M.
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Table S1: Demographic characteristics of the NSCLC, CRC, and PDAC cohorts.
Abstract A031: ZEB2 induced EMT drives therapy resistance by activating nucleotide excision repair I gene ERCC1 And ERCC4 n colorectal cancer
Authors: Saihati Hajir Al
Published: January 2024

Resistance to adjuvant chemotherapy is a major clinical problem in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inducing protein, ZEB2, in chemoresistance of CRC, and to uncover the underlying mechanism. We performed IHC for ZEB2 and association analyses with clinical outcomes on primary CRC and matched CRC liver metastases in compliance with observational biomarker study guidelines. ZEB2 expression in primary tumors was an independent prognostic marker of reduced overall survival and disease-free survival in patients who received adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy. ZEB2 expression was retained in 96% of liver metastases. The ZEB2-dependent EMT transcriptional program activated nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway largely via upregulation of the ERCC1 gene and other components in NER pathway, leading to enhanced viability of CRC cells upon oxaliplatin treatment. ERCC1-overexpressing CRC cells did not respond to oxaliplatin in vivo, as assessed using a murine orthotopic model in a randomized and blinded preclinical study. Our findings show that ZEB2 is a biomarker of tumor response to chemotherapy and risk of recurrence in CRC patients. We propose that the ZEB2-ERCC1 axis is a key determinant of chemoresistance in CRC.

Citation Format: Hajir Al Saihati. ZEB2 induced EMT drives therapy resistance by activating nucleotide excision repair I gene ERCC1 And ERCC4 n colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: DNA Damage Repair: From Basic Science to Future Clinical Application; 2024 Jan 9-11; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A031.
Abstract B002: ALK signaling primes the DNA damage response sensitizing ALK-driven neuroblastoma to therapeutic ATR inhibition
Authors: Palmer Ruth H. , Hallberg Bengt , Borenäs Marcus , Umapathy Ganesh , Lind Dan E. , Lai Wei-Yun , Guan Jikui , Johansson Joel , Aniszewska Agata
Published: January 2024

High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) currently presents significant clinical challenges. MYCN and ALK, which are often involved in high-risk NB, lead to increased replication stress in cancer cells, providing options for therapeutic exploitation. We previously identified an ATR/ALK inhibitor combination as an effective therapeutic approach in two independent genetically modified mouse NB models. Here, we identify an underlying molecular mechanism, in which ALK signaling leads to phosphorylation of ATR and CHK1, supporting an effective DNA damage response. The importance of ALK inhibition is supported by mouse data, in which monotreatment with ATRi resulted in a robust initial response, but subsequent relapse, in contrast to a 14-day ALKi/ATRi combination treatment that resulted in robust and sustained responses. Finally, we show that the remarkable response to the 14-day combined ATR/ALK inhibition protocol reflects a robust differentiation response in the tumor, reprogramming tumor cells to a neuronal/Schwann cell lineage identity. Our results identify a unique ability of ATR inhibition to trigger neuroblastoma differentiation and underscore the importance of further exploring combined ALK/ATR inhibition in NB, particularly in high-risk patient groups with oncogene-induced replication stress.

Citation Format: Ruth H. Palmer, Bengt Hallberg, Marcus Borenäs, Ganesh Umapathy, Dan E. Lind, Wei-Yun Lai, Jikui Guan, Joel Johansson, Agata Aniszewska. ALK signaling primes the DNA damage response sensitizing ALK-driven neuroblastoma to therapeutic ATR inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: DNA Damage Repair: From Basic Science to Future Clinical Application; 2024 Jan 9-11; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B002.
Hemoadsorption and Coagulation Systemic Rebalance in Patients Undergoing Nonelective Cardiac Surgery and Treated with Antithrombotics
Authors: Li Qin-yuan , Duan Lian , Wang  , Zhang Cheng-liang , Xiang Zhong-hao , Zhao Feng , Ouyang Tian-yu , Luo Fan-yan , Duan Yan-ying
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Insufficient withdrawal duration of antithrombotics leads to excessive bleeding after major surgery. We hypothesize that intraoperative hemoadsorption (HA) can reduce postoperative allogeneic transfusion requirements and excessive bleeding events (EBE), without an increase in ischemic/thromboembolic events (ITE) in patients who have taken antithrombotics and undergone nonelective cardiac surgery. Methods: A total of 460 patients admitted to our hospital from 2018 to 2022 were included in this study and divided into two groups: HA and non-HA. Because of the risk of bias due to differences in antithrombotic type, withdrawal duration, or basic coagulation function, propensity score matching was used for analyses. Results: Out of 154 cases in the HA group, 144 pairs were successfully matched. No HA safety events such as hemolysis, hypotension, or device failure occurred. After matching, the two groups were found to be comparable in preoperative antithrombotic type, withdrawal duration, platelets and coagulation function, and demographic and perioperative characteristics. Although the HA group did not have a reduced incidence of EBE, this group exhibited significant decreases in the transfusion rate and volume, the incidence of ITE, acute kidney injury, and central nervous system injury. Conclusions: For patients who have undergone nonelective cardiac surgery and taken antithrombotics, HA can simply and safely rebalance the postoperative coagulation system and have associations with reduced transfusion and postoperative ITE.
Beardless Barb Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Valenciennes, 1842) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Madura Island, Indonesia
Authors: Hasan Veryl , Soemarno Soemarno , Widodo Maheno Sri , Wiadnya Dewa Gede Raka
Published: January 2024

Beardless Barb Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Valenciennes, 1842) is a species known from Southeast Asia, including Western Indonesia area (Borneo, Sumatra and Java). In Java Island, it was previously found in the mainland area. This paper provides the first record of C. apogon in the Lembung River, one of the major rivers in Madura Island, thereby extending the species distribution up to 150 km northeast from the earlier record. The specimens of C. apogon were characterized as follows: dorsal fin rays 12; anal fin rays 8â€“9; pectoral fin rays 17â€“18; lateral line scales 34â€“35. A description of detailed morfological characters of a specimen are provided.
Reykjavik Up Close: Reagan and Gorbachev, October 1986 and After
Authors: Simons Thomas W.
Published: January 2024

A veteran U.S. diplomat, who is now one of the last living participants in the U.S.-Soviet summit meeting at Reykjavik in October 1986, traces the genesis, nature, and aftermath of that summit. He recounts changes in U.S.-Soviet relations during the first several years of the Reagan administration, including important events such as the 1983 Pentecostalist negotiations, the shootdown of a South Korean passenger airliner by Soviet air defense forces, and the meeting between Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev in Geneva in November 1985. Even though scholars in retrospect have looked on the Reykjavik summit as a turning point, it began as a failure. Two leaders, who became exhausted as the proceedings wore on, engaged in a momentous exchange on nuclear elimination but then doubled down on incompatible positions regarding strategic ballistic missile defense (BMD). Reagan sought a “personal favor,” as he had with Gorbachev's predecessors three years earlier regarding the Pentecostals, whereas Gorbachev pushed for strict limits on BMD as a matter of “principle.” Both sides then scrambled to salvage the future, in an interpretive effort, centered on the leaders’ personal relationship, that ultimately yielded today's favorable view of Reykjavik's place in history.
Systematics and spatio-temporal evolutionary patterns of the flavopilosa group of Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae)
Authors: ANTONIOLLI HENRIQUE R.M. , CARVALHO TUANE L. , GOTTSCHALK MARCO S. , LORETO ELGION L.S. , ROBE LIZANDRA J. , DEPRÁ MARÍNDIA
Published: January 2024

The Drosophila flavopilosa group comprises morphologically cryptic species that are ecologically restricted to feeding, breeding and ovipositing on flowers of Cestrum and Sessea (Solanaceae). Previous studies confirmed the monophyly of the group and the success of DNA barcoding in identifying a subset of its species, but several others remain yet to be evaluated. Furthemore, the taxonomy of the group remains incomplete, with only nine of the 17 species assigned to subgroups. Here, we accessed the phylogenetic relationships and spatio-temporal evolutionary patterns of the flavopilosa group based on a mitochondrial and two nuclear genes, providing the first molecular support to the subdivision of the group and suggesting a new taxonomic scheme for its species. Barcoding proved to be an effective tool, as all species were reciprocally monophyletic and different analyses of species delimitation yielded congruent results. The close relationship of D. flavopilosa with D. cestri and D. cordeiroi was strongly supported, suggesting that the latter should be placed in the flavopilosa subgroup together with the first. Furthermore, D. mariaehelenae was positioned as sister to D. incompta, supporting its inclusion in the nesiota subgroup. Despite new taxonomic assignments, the synapomorphic status of the diagnostic characters proposed for both subgroups was supported. Based on them, each of the remaining species were placed into one of both subgroups. Divergence time estimates suggest that their diversification coincided with the divergence of Sessea and Cestrum, providing an interesting case of coevolution.
Rediscovery and Redescription of Cryptalaus cardoni (Candèze, 1890) comb. nov. (Coleoptera: Elateridae) after a century with notes on other Cryptalaus Ôhira species in India
Authors: PAREKAR HARSHAD , DANANI DRASHTI , PATWARDHAN AMOL
Published: January 2024

After about 133 years, the click-beetle species Alaus cardoni Candèze, 1890 is rediscovered from India. Its thorough examination revealed that this species should be transferred to the genus Cryptalaus Ôhira, 1967. Therefore, we provide a redescription for Cryptalaus cardoni (Candèze, 1890) comb. nov. and illustrate its male genitalia for the first time. We also add notes on a few other species of this genus, including a first-ever description of the male genitalia of Cryptalaus alveolatus Parekar & Patwardhan, 2021. Additionally, the following new combinations are proposed: Cryptalaus emarginatus (Punam, Vats & Saini, 1996) comb. nov., Cryptalaus furunculus (Sarkar, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2016) comb. nov., Cryptalaus nigrimaculatus (Punam, Vats & Saini, 1996) comb. nov., Cryptalaus rotundoextremus (Vats & Kashyap, 1992) comb. nov., Cryptalaus truncatus (Punam, Vats & Saini, 1996) comb. nov. Further, Chalcolepis pannus Vats & Kashyap, 1992 syn. nov. is synonymized with Cryptalaus sordidus (Westwood, 1848). An updated key to Cryptalaus Ôhira species in India is presented along with a checklist.
Discovery of the male of Okinawepipona yty Nguyen, 2018 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam
Authors: NGUYEN HIEU VAN , NGUYEN MANH THANH , NGUYEN LIEN THI PHUONG
Published: January 2024

The male of Okinawepipona yty Nguyen, 2018 is described and illustrated for the first time, together with its genitalia, based on specimens from Y Ty, Lao Cai, Vietnam. In addition, the male genitalia of O. curcipunctura Nguyen & Xu, 2014 is also described for the first time. Based on these descriptions, a discussion is provided regarding the male genitalia of eumenine wasps in general.
A new species of silverline butterfly, Cigaritis Donzel, 1847 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India
Authors: KUNTE KRUSHNAMEGH , SENGUPTA ASHOK , PAWAR UJWALA , NAWGE VIRAJ
Published: January 2024

A new species, Cigaritis conjuncta sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), is described based on five male and four female specimens from Honey Valley, Kodagu District, Karnataka, which is part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India. Cigaritis conjuncta sp. nov. is distinguished from all other congeners in India and Sri Lanka based on the following combination of diagnostic characters in the male: (a) dorsal forewing outer half, costal margin and nearly upper half of the cell black without orange markings, the remaining wing shining deep blue, (b) dorsal hindwing tornus pale orange-red with two black spots, (c) ventral forewing bands at end of discal cell conjoined, and (e) ventral hindwing subbasal and discal bands composed of spots that are not separated but conjoined to form broad bands that have irregular outlines, leaving only a narrow background colour in between. Female is similar on the ventral side, but entirely dark brown above. Male and female genitalia are dissected and figured for two paratypes of each sex, and natural history notes on the species are provided.
Description of Prozorovia, a new genus from Pakistan and India (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
Authors: SPITSYN VITALY M.
Published: January 2024

The genus Wittia de Freina, 1980 was described for Bombyx aureola Hübner, [1803] (a junior synonym of Wittia sororcula (Hufnagel, 1766)), which in the modern sense is a paraphyletic taxon containing three groups of species. This study (1) describes a new genus, Prozorovia gen. nov., for three Indian species belonging to the genus Wittia previously; (2) describes the female of Prozorovia kailashi (Singh & Kirti, 2016) comb. nov. for the first time (this species was described based on two males); (3) reports on the first record of P. kailashi comb. nov. from Pakistan; and (4) illustrates the male external morphology and the male genitalia of P. kailashi comb. nov.
Aridification and Its Impacts on Terrestrial Hydrology and Ecosystems over a Comprehensive Transition Zone in China
Authors: Li Zhuoyi , Yang Qing , Ma Zhuguo , Wu Peili , Duan Yawen , Li Mingxing , Zheng Ziyan
Published: January 2024

In China, the topography, climate, ecology, hydrology, and human environment vary greatly from southeast to northwest, and a typical natural and social environmental transition zone (i.e., comprehensive transition zone) exists near the “Hu Huanyong line,” which is a famous demographic dividing line in China, known as the Hu zone. Dry and wet climate changes in the Hu zone can have a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems and hydrological conditions, ultimately affecting human–land relations. However, there is still a lack of clear understanding of environmental changes in the context of climate change in the Hu zone. Here, a quantitative analysis of climate change and its impacts on terrestrial hydrology and ecosystems from 1951 to 2020 is presented. The results showed that there exists a significant drying trend in the Hu zone and a dramatic decrease in terrestrial water storage (TWS), indicating that the environment has become worse. Conversely, from the perspective of significant greening, the environment has improved. This contradiction is mainly due to climate change dominating the depletion of TWS, while the increase in vegetation greenness is more driven by human activities including agricultural management and ecological restoration, offsetting to some extent the negative impact of water scarcity on vegetation growth.

Significance Statement

The Hu zone is a transition zone between southeast and northwest China, which is a sensitive area under climate change as well as key region for coordinated development. The purpose of this study is to reveal the long-term climate change in the Hu zone and its impacts on hydrology and ecology. Our results indicate a significant drying trend in this zone over the last 70 years, which led to a substantial reduction in water storage. However, the vegetation coverage increased due to human activities. This study provides guidance for agricultural structure adjustment and ecological protection in transition zones. Future research should focus more on the assessment and risk management of dry/wet changes in climate transition areas around the world.
Estimating Time-Dependent Structures in a Multivariate Causality for Land–Atmosphere Interactions
Authors: Zhou Feihong , Hagan Daniel Fiifi Tawia , Wang Guojie , Liang X. San , Li Shijie , Shao Yuhao , Yeboah Emmanuel , Wei Xikun
Published: January 2024

The land surface and atmosphere interaction forms an integral part of the climate system. However, this intricate relationship involves many complicated interactions and feedback effects between multiple variables. As a result, relying solely on traditional linear regression analysis and correlation analysis to distinguish between multivariate complex “driver–response” relations can be challenging, since they do not have the needed asymmetry to establish causality. The Liang–Kleeman (LK) information flow theory provides a strict nonparametric causality measurement for identifying the causality between any given time series, and its recent extension from bivariate to multivariate form provides a powerful tool for causal inference in complex multivariate systems. However, the multivariate LK information flow also assumes stationarity in time and requires a sufficiently long time series to ensure statistical sufficiency. To remedy this challenge, we rely on the square-root Kalman filter to estimate the time-varying form of the multivariate LK information flow causality. The results from theoretical and real-world applications show that the new algorithm provides a valuable tool for characterizing time-varying causal relationships in land–atmosphere interactions, even when the time series are short and highly correlated.

Significance Statement

Causality in land–atmosphere interactions is generally characterized by seasonal and intraseasonal changes that are usually not captured with commonly used approaches, because most approaches assume the time series are stationary. In this study, we extend the recently proposed multivariate Liang–Kleeman information flow causality (MtvLK) to handle nonstationary systems such as those in land–atmosphere interactions. By considering nonstationarity, we aim to unravel time-varying causal structures that are usually masked out in commonly used methods. Validating the MtvLK with synthetic models showed that the MtvLK is able to obtain the expected causal structures. Furthermore, real-world applications reveal novel findings of the time-varying causal structures between soil moisture, vapor pressure deficit, and the gross primary product.
Patterns and Trend Analysis of Rain-on-Snow Events using Passive Microwave Satellite Data over the Canadian Arctic Archipelago Since 1987
Authors: Sasseville Vincent , Langlois Alexandre , Brucker Ludovic , Johnson Cheryl Ann
Published: January 2024

Climate change has a profound effect on Arctic meteorology extreme events, such as rain-on-snow (ROS), which affects surface state variable spatial and temporal variability. Passive microwave satellite images can help detect such events in polar regions where local meteorological and snow information is scarce. In this study, we use a detection algorithm using high-resolution passive microwave data to monitor spatial and temporal variability of ROS over the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from 1987 to 2019. The method is validated using data from several meteorological stations and atmospheric corrections have been applied to the passive microwave dataset. Our approach to detect ROS is based on two methods: 1) over a fixed time period (i.e., 1 November–31 May) throughout the study period and 2) using an a priori detection for snow presence before applying our ROS algorithm (i.e., length of studied winter varies yearly). Event occurrence is analyzed for each winter and separated by island groups of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Results show an increase in absolute ROS occurrence, mainly along the coasts, although no statistically significant trends are observed.

Significance Statement

Rain-on-snow (ROS) is known to have significant consequences on vegetation and fauna, especially widespread events. This study aimed to use a recent high-resolution dataset of passive microwave observations to investigate spatial and temporal trends in ROS occurrence in the Arctic. Results show that a global increase in event occurrence can be observed across the arctic.
Comparison of Clustering Approaches in a Multimodel Ensemble for U.S. East Coast Cold Season Extratropical Cyclones
Authors: Kiel Benjamin M. , Colle Brian A.
Published: January 2024

Several clustering approaches are evaluated for 1–9-day forecasts using a multimodel ensemble that includes the GEFS, ECMWF, and Canadian ensembles. Six clustering algorithms and three clustering spaces are evaluated using mean sea level pressure (MSLP) and 12-h accumulated precipitation (APCP) for cool-season extratropical cyclones across the Northeast United States. Using the MSLP cluster membership to obtain the APCP clusters is also evaluated, along with applying clustering determined at one lead time to cluster forecasts at a different lead time. Five scenarios from each clustering algorithm are evaluated using displacement and intensity/amount errors from the scenario nearest to the MSLP and 12-h APCP analyses in the NCEP GFS and ERA5, respectively. Most clustering strategies yield similar improvements over the full ensemble mean and are similar in probabilistic skill except that 1) intensity displacement space gives lower MSLP displacement and intensity errors; and 2) Euclidean space and agglomerative hierarchical clustering, when using either full or average linkage, struggle to produce reasonably sized clusters. Applying clusters derived from MSLP to 12-h APCP forecasts is not as skillful as clustering by 12-h APCP directly, especially if several members contain little precipitation. Use of the same cluster membership for one lead time to cluster the forecast at another lead time is less skillful than clustering independently at each forecast lead time. Finally, the number of members within each cluster does not necessarily correspond with the best forecast, especially at the longer lead times, when the probability of the smallest cluster being the best scenario was usually underestimated.

Significance Statement

Numerical weather prediction ensembles are widely used, but more postprocessing tools are necessary to help forecasters interpret and communicate the possible outcomes. This study evaluates various clustering approaches, combining a large number of model forecasts with similar attributes together into a small number of scenarios. The 1–9-day forecasts of both sea level pressure and 12-h precipitation are used to evaluate the clustering approaches for a large number of U.S. East Coast winter cyclones, which is an important forecast problem for this region.
‘I don’t know what’s going on’: Theorising the relationship between unknowingness and distributed leadership
Authors: Bloomfield Sarah , Rigg Clare , Vince Russ
Published: January 2024

Surely a leader should know what to do? But what happens when complexity means they cannot know which path to take? We answer this question with an ethnographic study of distributed leadership (DL) in an organisation grappling with inherent tensions within its mission. The article makes a counter-intuitive argument for the value and utility of unknowingness, defined as a state of awareness of both an absence of knowing and one’s inability to know. Three inter-related aspects to unknowingness are developed – acceptance of not knowing, tolerance of the discomfort of not knowing, and distribution of unknowingness – leading to an innovative theory of unknowingness. We reveal how unknowingness and DL are bound with each other in the sense that not knowing can enable distribution of leadership within the organisation, whilst DL addresses challenges in complex organisations associated with not knowing. We thereby provide an illustration of the interplay between those with hierarchical authority and others dispersed throughout an organisation. In sum, we provide an alternative perspective to the heroic, all-knowing individual leader.
First-contact patients with a community mental health service in rural Greece: A 3-year prospective study of treatment attendance and its co-relations
Authors: Grammeniati Aikaterini , Mantziou Alexandra , Peritogiannis Vaios
Published: January 2024

Background:

Treatment continuation is essential for the optimal management of patients with mental disorders in the community, but treatment and outcome are often undermined by the high rates of service disengagement and treatment non-adherence across all psychiatric diagnoses. The phenomenon may be even more relevant in rural settings.

Aims:

The aim of the present study was to explore attendance to treatment in first-contact patients in a community-based treatment setting in rural Greece and to explore the associations of treatment attendance with demographic and clinical factors.

Method:

Data were collected prospectively over a 3-year period, with 1-year follow-up interval. All first-contact cases with the Mobile Mental Health Unit of the prefectures of Ioannina and Thesprotia (MMHU I-T), Northwest Greece were considered, but only clinical cases were processed.

Results:

The sample size consisted of 446 patients, with a mean age 65.4 ± 18.8 years. The rate of 12-month attendance to mental health treatment was 13.5% (60 out of 446 patients). Treatment attendance was found to be correlated with younger age, the diagnosis of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder, and patients’ referral by other psychiatric services. First examination over the year 2019 had been significantly inversely associated with treatment engagement.

Conclusion:

Rates of subsequent attendance after initial assessment in a rural community mental healthcare setting were rather low in the present study. Several variables that have been previously associated with service engagement were found to be related in this study too, whereas other were not. Research on treatment engagement in rural treatment settings should be ongoing to reveal all associated factors.
Health versus humanity? Three recent German novels on biopolitics and citizenship
Authors: Pajević Marko
Published: January 2024

Three recent German novels, Juli Zeh’s Corpus Delicti, 2009, Zoë Beck’s thriller Paradise City, 2020,and Martin Schäuble’s youth novel Cleanland, 2020, present dystopian views of a future society based on a health system which, on the surface, is extremely successful but on closer observation represents the collapse of humanity. These novels represent a thoroughgoing critique of biopolitics as defined by Michel Foucault and radicalised by Giorgio Agamben and Achille Mbembe. This article investigates their criticism of biopolitics in the light of the transformation of society due to COVID-19 measures, focusing on the situation in Germany, albeit largely applicable also to other european countries. To shed light on the changes in our conception of citizenship, it first presents an analysis of the shift in meaning of the concept of ‘solidarity’ as an example of discursive change and reflects on the role of literature for societal development. Against that backdrop, the article examines the conflict of interests that sees health and security pitted against freedom as presented in the novels and explores further key aspects: the media, manipulation and fear, the counterworlds both inside and outside the shiny world of these affluent societies, and the constructed opposition between humanity and health system. These considerations will lead in the conclusion to a discussion of biopolitics in the context of the COVID-19 crisis with regard to digital culture and citizenship.
Little evidence for a noun bias in Tseltal spontaneous speech
Authors: Casillas Marisa , Foushee Ruthe , Méndez Girón Juan , Polian Gilles , Brown Penelope
Published: January 2024

This study examines whether children acquiring Tseltal (Mayan) demonstrate a noun bias – an overrepresentation of nouns in their early vocabularies. Nouns, specifically concrete and animate nouns, are argued to universally predominate in children’s early vocabularies because their referents are naturally available as bounded concepts to which linguistic labels can be mapped. This early advantage for noun learning has been documented using multiple methods and across a diverse collection of language populations. However, past evidence bearing on a noun bias in Tseltal learners has been mixed. Tseltal grammatical features and child–caregiver interactional patterns dampen the salience of nouns and heighten the salience of verbs, leading to the prediction of a diminished noun bias and perhaps even an early predominance of verbs. We here analyze the use of noun and verb stems in children’s spontaneous speech from egocentric daylong recordings of 29 Tseltal learners between 0;9 and 4;4. We find weak to no evidence for a noun bias using two separate analytical approaches on the same data; one analysis yields a preliminary suggestion of a flipped outcome (i.e. a verb bias). We discuss the implications of these findings for broader theories of learning bias in early lexical development.
‘Mining women’ and livelihoods: Examining the dominant and emerging issues in the ASM gendered economic space
Authors: Ofosu George , Sarpong David , Torbor Mabel , Asante Shadrack
Published: January 2024

The intractable challenges faced by female mine workers have come to dominate the discourse and scholarship on artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) operations. However, the extensive focus on the informal and labour-intensive segments has engendered a failure to capture the nuances in the duality of ASM operations and how it impacts female outcomes. Drawing on intersectionality as a lens, in this article the authors map the dynamics on how issues related to the gender, situatedness and positionality of female mine workers interact to shape their situated labour outcomes. Highlighting the differentiated outcomes for female mine workers within the contingencies of the broader socio-cultural context in which ASM work is organised, the article sheds light on how the social identity structures such as gender, sexuality and class interact to give form to the marginalisation, occupational roles, the ‘boom town’ narrative and occupational and health challenges that characterise the ASM gendered economic space.
Lithium activation pretreatment mechanism and leaching process from coal fly ash
Authors: Li Yanheng , Man Jianqi , Cheng Liyuan , Panchal Balaji
Published: January 2024

As a result of the coal combustion process, high lithium enrichment in fly ash has been observed in some areas of China, which is considered to be a potential unconventional lithium resource. At present, most of the studies on lithium in fly ash focus on the leaching process, while there are fewer studies on the activation mechanism of roasting. In view of the above problems, the roasting activation mechanism of fly ash in the Pingshuo mining area (northern China) is investigated, and the leaching process of lithium is optimized. The activation pretreatment that destroys an inert composition of fly ash is necessary. In this study, fly ash and a mixed roasting agent (Na2CO3 and K2CO3 mass ratio of 3:1) were mixed at a mass ratio of 2:1 under 950 °C for 2 h. The results showed that the leaching rate of lithium increased by 70%. Direct acid leaching experiments show that 90% lithium in fly ash is related to insoluble aluminosilicate minerals. The mineralogical analysis of the calcined product shows that the stable aluminosilicate minerals in fly ash disappear and form nepheline KNa3(AlSiO4)3 which is soluble in acid, and the percentage of nepheline in the roasted product controls the leaching rate of lithium. The kinetic analysis of the acid leaching process of the roasting product shows that the lithium leaching process is mainly controlled by chemical reactions. Under the optimal leaching conditions, the leaching rate of lithium is 87.41%.
Liking Predicts Judgments of Authenticity in Real-Time Interactions More Robustly Than Personality States or Affect
Authors: Rivera Grace N. , Kim Jinhyung , Kelley Nicholas J. , Hicks Joshua , Schlegel Rebecca J.
Published: January 2024

We conducted three studies involving small group interactions ( N = 622) that examined whether Big Five personality states, affect, and/or liking predict judgments of others’ authenticity. Study 1 ( n = 119) revealed that neither self-rated personality states nor affect predicted other-rated authenticity. Instead, other-rated liking was the only predictor of other-rated authenticity. Study 2 ( n = 281) revealed that other-rated personality states and affect were significant predictors of other-rated authenticity, but other-rated liking was a more important factor in predicting other-rated authenticity than specific behaviors or affect. Based on these results, Study 3 ( n = 222) examined whether experimental manipulation of likability had a causal effect on other-ratings of authenticity. Likable actors were indeed judged as more authentic. Together, this suggests that we judge people we like as more authentic and that likability may be more important than the “objective” content of behavior.
Early-Onset Asymptomatic Polypoid Cystitis in Two Adolescent Male Beagle Dogs
Authors: Tosi Giulia , Barnes Jennifer Rachael
Published: January 2024

This brief communication describes a rare spontaneous background lesion in the lower urinary tract of two male laboratory beagles. Proliferative lesions comprising a constellation of histological features consistent with polypoid cystitis were observed in the bladder of two adolescent dogs from a routine preclinical toxicology study. Both animals were clinically asymptomatic and had only minor alterations in urinalysis parameters. While chronic polypoid cystitis is well-recognized in adult pet dogs, this is the first reported case in purpose-bred laboratory beagles. An awareness of this uncommon background finding is important for toxicological pathologists to distinguish it from potential test article-related findings.
Iso-material manufacturing of 304 stainless steel: Microstructure, corrosion-cavitation erosion synergistic behaviour
Authors: Cao Bosheng , Wu Chenliang , Wang Li , Zhang Song , Zhang Chunhua , Sun Xueying
Published: January 2024

Different from additive or subtractive manufacturing, iso-material manufacturing (also named isovolumetric manufacturing) was proposed in this work by laser surface melting (LSM), aiming at enhancing resistance to corrosion and cavitation erosion (CE) of 304 stainless steel. Experimental results showed that partial austenite transformed into martensite after LSM. The corrosion resistance of LSMed sample was improved. LSMed sample exhibited enhanced CE resistance, and was 2.5 and 2 times that of untreated sample in deionised water and 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, respectively. The passivation film for LSMed sample exhibited a high re-passive and self-repairing ability of passivation film. LSMed sample in this study exhibits a high or comparable corrosion and CE resistance in comparison with samples prepared by other fabrication method reported previously.
Magnetic field treatment effects on microstructure and properties of A356 aluminium alloy
Authors: Pan Hao , Zhou Jinxin , Ma Yonglin , Liu Yongzhen , Bao Xinyu , Gong Meina
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the impact of pulsed magnetic fields (33 mT) under varying ageing temperatures (175, 185 and 195 °C) on α-Al grains, secondary phases and mechanical properties of A356 aluminium alloy. Results show that magnetic field ageing treatment can not only refines α-Al grains and promotes Si particle precipitation, but also improves the size and morphology of eutectic Si. The optimal α-Al grain refinement post-magnetic field treatment is observed at an ageing temperature of 195 °C. Meanwhile, the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength values were recorded at 345 and 283 MPa, respectively. The magnetic field ageing treatment exerts a dual influence: it accelerates atom diffusion, fostering the precipitation of reinforcing phases and simultaneously refines alloy grains, increasing the grain boundaries.
Validity and reliability of linear encoder muscle power testing in persons with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Bonde-Jensen Frederik , Dalgas Ulrik , Hvid Lars Grøndahl , Langeskov-Christensen Martin
Published: January 2024

Objective

To investigate the construct validity ON medication and the reliability both ON and OFF medication of linear encoder muscle power testing in persons with Parkinson's disease (pwPD).

Design

A study using baseline data from one randomized controlled trial (study 1) and one cohort study (study 2).

Setting

University exercise lab.

Participants

Study 1: 35 healthy controls and 70 pwPD. Study 2: 20 pwPD.

Intervention

Study 1: baseline data. Study 2: 4 chair rise tests (2 ON and 2 OFF medication), in a randomized order, separated by 4 to 16 days.

Main measures

Linear encoder data were collected from a chair rise test. Known groups validity and convergent validity (i.e., construct validity) were assessed by comparing peak power between pwPD and healthy controls and associations between peak power and functional performance (i.e., 6-Min Walk Test, Timed Up and Go Test, Six-Spot Step Test), respectively. Reliability was assessed as day-to-day variation and by intraclass correlation coefficients.

Results

Peak power was comparable between pwPD and healthy controls (−7.2%, p = 0.17), but lower in moderately impaired pwPD compared to mildly impaired pwPD (−27%, p < 0.01) and healthy controls (−23%, p < 0.01). Moderate to strong associations were observed between peak power and functional performance (r2 = 0.44–0.51). Day-to-day variation ON and OFF medication were 1.0 and 1.3 W/kg, respectively, while intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.95 (0.87;0.98) and 0.93 (0.82;0.97), respectively.

Conclusion

Linear encoder muscle power testing shows inconsistent known groups validity, acceptable convergent validity ON medication, and excellent day-to-day reliability ON and OFF medication in pwPD.
How to manage type 2 curve dilemma in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the breast: diffusion-weighted imaging or early phase enhancement kinetics?
Authors: Ulu Öztürk Funda , Tezcan Şehnaz , Uslu Nihal
Published: January 2024

Background

Type 2 time-intensity curves can indicate both malignant and benign breast lesions in dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI).

Purpose

To investigate whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) or early phase kinetics of DCE-MRI is practical to discriminate breast masses that depict type 2 curve in DCE-MRI.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively included 107 lesions in 97 patients with type 2 curves in DCE-MRI. Morphological characteristics, early phase dynamic parameters on DCE-MRI, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values on DWI were evaluated. Diagnostic thresholds of ADC and early phase maximum enhancement ratio (EPMER) to distinguish between benign and malignant masses were calculated. Strongest predictors of malignancy were determined to build the most effective diagnostic model.

Results

DWI, EPMER, and all morphological features were found statistically significant to discriminate malignancy ( P <0.05). The thresholds of ADC and EPMER were assigned as 1.0 ×10−3 mm2/s and 72%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 97% for ADC, and 93% and 60% for EPMER, respectively. Two models were established. Model 1 comprised ADC and the lesion margin. Model 2 consisted of ADC, margin, and EPMER with a high specificity (99%) and positive predictive value (97%).

Conclusion

When combined with DWI, early phase wash-in data provide diagnostic improvement of breast masses presenting type 2 curve in the late phase of DCE-MRI, especially for specificity. Future studies are required to support our findings for the need of a cross-validation.
Secondary xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis mimicking a pituitary macroadenoma: a case report
Authors: Salhi Salma , Oueslati Ibtissem , Mouelhi Yasmine , Zehani Alia , Kchir Nidhameddine , Kamoun Elyes , Yazidi Meriem , Chihaoui Melika
Published: January 2024

Hypophysitis is an extremely rare inflammatory disease that can mimic the clinical and radiological features of a pituitary adenoma. In this case report, we describe a 45-year-old woman with secondary xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis (XGH) who presented with signs of a pituitary macroadenoma. The patient complained of headaches, visual impairment, and amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome. Her physical examination was normal. Laboratory investigation revealed corticotropin, thyrotropin, and gonadotropin deficiencies. She also had low visual acuity in her right eye and an altered visual field. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intra and suprasellar mass measuring 13 × 11 × 16 mm, with hemorrhagic necrosis, that was having a discrete mass effect on the patient’s optic chiasm and pituitary stalk. The patient was treated with hydrocortisone and levothyroxine, and then transferred to the Neurosurgery department for total transsphenoidal resection of the mass. Histological examination of the tumor permitted a diagnosis of XGH of a remodeled Rathke’s pouch cyst to be made. Systemic conditions such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and other granulomatous diseases were excluded. The etiopathogenesis of XGH remains poorly characterized, but it may be a progressive form of lymphocytic hypophysitis or a remodeled Rathke’s pouch cyst. Screening for autoimmune pathology and systemic diseases is essential to guide appropriate management.
What Did Obergefell Change? Clearance of Intimate Partner Violence Before and After the Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage
Authors: Paintsil Isaac K. O.
Published: January 2024

Historically, same-sex intimate partner violence (IPV) was ignored, and victims often experienced high rates of harassment and intimidation from police, leading to low reporting of same-sex IPV incidents, victims’ unwillingness to cooperate with the police, and common arrests in such incidents. Although the Supreme Court’s decision in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) legalized and legitimized same-sex marriages and relationships in the U.S., mandating the inclusion of same-sex partners in protective order laws and yielding collateral benefits for victims of same-sex IPV, it is unclear if the decision has had a positive effect on same-sex IPV clearance rates. This study uses National Incident-Based Reporting System data to compare IPV clearance (arrest, dual arrest, victim noncooperation, and prosecution declined) pre (2013/2014) and post (2016/2017) Obergefell v. Hodges (2015). Regression results show no substantial changes in same-sex IPV clearance after Obergefell v. Hodges (2015). Compared to opposite-sex IPV, same-sex IPV was less likely to be cleared by arrest but much more likely to be cleared by dual arrest, victim noncooperation, and prosecution declined. Same-sex IPV involving Black couples and married partners were also less likely to be cleared by arrest but more likely to be cleared by dual arrest than Black/White same-sex IPV and incidents involving unmarried partners, respectively. Moreover, same-sex IPV victims experience unfavorable criminal justice outcomes in states with mandatory arrest policies but fare better in states that supported same-sex relationships prior to Obergefell. The implications of these findings for practice and research are discussed.
Yes, No, Maybe So: The Effects of Relationship Status on Perceptions of Inferred Consent
Authors: Pazos Laura A. , Cash Daniella K. , Russell Tiffany D.
Published: January 2024

Despite the notion that sexual consent is either granted or refused, its communication can sometimes be ambiguous. This uncertainty stems from the tendency to rely on implicit, nonverbal cues to indicate consent. Without clear, explicit communication, people might be encouraged to rely upon contextual information when assessing whether a sexual encounter was consensual. Perceived levels of intimacy and familiarity in a relationship might influence these perceptions, such that prior intimacy might lead to ambiguously communicated consent being interpreted as more consensual. Gender roles can dictate the behaviors expected in a sexual encounter, with female-initiated sexual violence against men potentially being perceived as more consensual than the inverse. The current study examined how relationship type (Experiments 1 and 2) and gender pairing (Experiment 2) influenced participants’ perceptions of how consensual various sexual encounters were. Participants read a series of vignettes in which sexual consent was verbally granted, verbally rejected, or inferred using nonverbal cues. Additionally, the dyads’ relationships were either described as dating, friends, or strangers. Following vignette presentation, participants provided judgments regarding how consensual the interactions were. Experiment 2 expanded upon this by manipulating the gender of the initiators and targets. When consent was not clearly indicated, more established relationships were associated with higher ratings of perceived consent. Male targets were attributed more responsibility for sexual interactions, and they were also believed to want nonconsensual sex more than female targets. These findings highlight the importance of contextual information in instances where sexual consent is unclear.