bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theatre, Science, and the Popular: Two Contemporary Examples From Scandinavia
Authors: Skjoldager-Nielsen Daria , Skjoldager-Nielsen Kim
Published: March 2018

This article explores relations between theatre, science, and the popular, which have largely been overlooked by Nordic theatre studies. The aim here is to introduce and understand the variety of ways theatre may communicate science to the public, the point of departure informed by the historical development of the relations between the three concepts and Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological critique of modern science. The two analytical examples are Swedish Charlotte Engelkes’ and Peder Bjurman’s Svarta hål – en kvantfysisk vaudeville (2014) and Danish Hotel Pro Forma’s adult per­formance for children Kosmos+ En Big Bang forestilling om universets vidundre (2014).History of science reveals complex combinations of science and the popular in theatri­cal events that raises the question if the audience’s understanding of the scientific sub­ject matter itself always was – or has to be – the purpose of the popular science perfor­mance, or if it rather was – and is – about spurring interest by inspiring sentiments of wonder and reflection on science’s impact on life and outlooks. Newer conceptual devel­opments also suggest that it is not always the case that theatre is a tool for sci­ence popularisation, as a specific genre science theatre, but that scientific information and concepts are artistically interpreted by theatre, and not always in ways affirmative of the science. This later variant is called science-in-theatre. The two genres are demon­strated through the analyses of Svarta hål and Kosmos+, the claim being that the first was an ambiguous exposition of science, i.e. science-in-theatre, whereas the second established an artistically visionary affirmation, as regular science theatre.
Traduire des mathématiques « pour et par des élèves » dans la première moitié du xixe siècle
Authors: Chatzis Konstantinos , Morel Thomas , Preveraud Thomas , Verdier Norbert
Published: March 2018

Consacré à la question de la traduction en matière de mathématiques, qu’il aborde ici par l’intermédiaire d’un acteur particulier, l’« élève », à la fois destinataire et, parfois, producteur de traductions, le présent article se structure principalement autour de trois études de cas. La première concerne la production, dans les États-Unis des années 1820 et 1830, d’une série de manuels de mathématiques et de mécanique théorique, élaborés à partir de manuels français et destinés aux étudiants de l’Université Harvard et de l’Académie militaire de West Point. La seconde s’attache à la traduction, en 1828, d’un manuel anglais dans l’espace germanophone. La troisième se penche sur la presse mathématique française de la première moitié du xixe siècle, illustrée ici par le journal des candidats à l’École polytechnique et à l’École normale (Nouvelles annales de mathématiques) et le journal des « progrès en mathématiques » (Journal de mathématiques pures et appliquées). Les objectifs poursuivis consistent à faire émerger des points saillants, à identifier des pistes prometteuses pour la suite de l’enquête, et à tenter d’établir un premier bilan, provisoire et sujet à des modifications, sur la question de la traduction mathématique et de ses éventuelles spécificités par rapport aux traductions relevant d’autres domaines.
Imprimer et traduire
Authors: Krumenacker Jean-Benoît
Published: March 2018

À partir de 1476, les imprimeurs lyonnais proposent de nombreuses traductions à un public qui ne maîtrise pas suffisamment le latin pour accéder aux classiques ou aux ouvrages scientifiques et religieux de l’époque. On recense ainsi, pour tout le xve siècle, près de 150 éditions de traduction à Lyon, soit un dixième de la production totale. Cet article, qui montre l’importance de la ville dans la traduction d’ouvrages à succès comme de textes plus contemporains, se penche sur les choix éditoriaux de ces imprimeurs quant à la production de traductions. Il met également en lumière la collaboration des imprimeurs avec une élite intellectuelle locale, qui effectue les nouvelles traductions ou en révise d’anciennes. L’attention sur ces personnages peu connus permet ainsi de faire émerger des groupes cohérents au service de plusieurs imprimeurs.
Reviewers as Readers with Power
Authors: Eker Roditakis Arzu
Published: March 2018

The Black Book, Orhan Pamuk’s second novel in English translation, was published in Güneli Gün’s translation in 1994 and in a retranslation by Maureen Freely in 2006. The decision for retranslation was mainly taken by the author on the basis of the criticism the first translation received from the reviewers, the most significant readers of translations with their power to consecrate foreign authors and their work in their new cultural settings. This study will present an analysis of the two translations of The Black Book, taking as its point of departure the criticism expressed in the reviews. The analysis will reveal the ways in which the first translation served as a criterion for the retranslation and how the two translators represented the author and his work differently, which was mainly enabled because of the changing status of Orhan Pamuk as an author in the English-speaking world between 1994 and 2006.
Le discours esthétique dans la presse musicale française. Cadre théorique et
méthodologie du projet de recherche « Histoire de l’esthétique musicale en France,
1900-1950 » (phem)
Authors: Lazzaro Federico
Published: March 2018

Le projet de recherche « Histoire de l’esthétique musicale en France, 1900-1950 »
(phem) vise à reconstruire le débat esthético-musical de
l’époque à travers un dépouillement systématique de la presse périodique et la constitution
d’une banque de données. Cet article introduit une série de publications liées au projet
tout en illustrant le cadre théorique et la méthodologie.
« Critiques musicaux de jadis et de naguère ». Raymond Bouyer, la musique et l’art (« Anthologie du phem » / Musicographes, 1)
Authors: Duchesneau Michel
Published: March 2018

Écrivain et critique d’art, Raymond Bouyer (1862-1939?) aura une activité de chroniqueur musical intense notamment au Ménestrel de 1898 à 1939. S’interrogeant notamment sur la pratique de la critique musicale, Bouyer publie dans Le Ménestrel en 1909 une série d’articles sur la situation de la critique musicale face à l’histoire de la critique d’art. Convoquant le monde grec qui occupe depuis un certain temps déjà l’esprit des musiciens, le critique se penche sur une généalogie de la critique pour en tirer un certain nombre de conclusions sur la critique moderne, rappelant qu’elle possède au moins une constante : l’autoréférentialité (« en dépit des progrès de l’érudition, chaque époque de l’art juge à son point de vue… c’est humain ! »).
L’autonomie collective en action
Authors: Kruzynski Anna
Published: March 2018

Des mouvements sociaux partout sur la planète se révoltent contre la démocratie libérale et le capitalisme tout en expérimentant des manières d’être, de penser et de faire basées sur l’autonomie, le respect de la diversité et l’aide mutuelle. Dans cet article, les pratiques politiques, culturelles et économiques du Centre social autogéré de Pointe-Saint-Charles déployées durant la lutte pour l’appropriation collective du Bâtiment 7 sont examinées à l’aune du concept d’autonomie collective. En rendant visibles ces pratiques subversives, l’analyse permet de saisir la portée révolutionnaire de cette initiative libertaire située en marge de l’économie sociale au Québec.
Nouvelle philanthropie et localisation de la lutte contre la pauvreté
Authors: Locas Marie-Chantal
Published: March 2018

En 2015, Centraide du Grand Montréal lançait son Projet Impact Collectif (PIC), une initiative visant à réduire la pauvreté dans les quartiers montréalais mise sur pied grâce aux dons de sept grandes fondations privées. Dans ce texte, nous exposerons d’abord la manière dont le PIC s’inscrit dans l’approche territoriale intégrée (ATI) et témoigne d’un repositionnement de l’État en matière de lutte contre la pauvreté qui relègue à des acteurs locaux et non étatiques la responsabilité d’enrayer ce fléau. Nous mettrons ensuite de l’avant les impacts de cette tendance sur l’autonomie des organismes communautaires et des personnes qui les fréquentent.
L’autonomie : un principe au coeur de l’identité du mouvement d’action communautaire autonome
Authors: Métivier Céline
Published: March 2018

Le mouvement d’action communautaire autonome (ACA) est traversé, depuis 50 ans, par un principe incontournable : son autonomie d’action. Ce principe a même obtenu une reconnaissance officielle de la part du gouvernement québécois en 2001. Or, cet acquis est fragilisé par un sous-financement chronique et des exigences de bailleurs de fonds qui briment l’autonomie des organismes. Le mouvement résiste, notamment par la campagne Engagez-vous pour le communautaire, mais la lutte s’annonce ardue.
L’interdépendance dans la recherche partenariale
Authors: Nolet Anne-Marie , Cousineau Marie-Marthe , Maheu Josiane , Gervais Lise
Published: March 2018

Cette étude de cas s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un processus de documentation d’un partenariat de recherche et d’action entre chercheur.e.s et partenaires de terrain. Elle vise à comprendre le développement de l’équipe étudiée à travers le concept d’interdépendance, défini comme une valorisation mutuelle des ressources des membres de l’équipe. Les résultats mettent en lumière la nature des ressources valorisées et l’importance de la négociation dans la construction de cette valorisation. Suivant cette analyse, nous proposons d’appréhender l’expertise non pas comme une caractéristique des personnes, mais plutôt comme une construction sociale rendue possible par la rencontre d’acteurs et d’actrices mutuellement intéressés.
Les métèques grondent dans la cité
Authors: Poitras Daniel
Published: March 2018

Dans cet article, j’étudie l’impact des étudiants étrangers à l’Université de Montréal sur les pratiques syndicales, institutionnelles et d’inclusion des étudiants québécois les plus engagés – c’est-à-dire ceux qui s’impliquent dans l’Association générale des étudiants de l’Université de Montréal ou dans le journal étudiant leQuartier latin. Je démontre que face aux étudiants étrangers, l’AGEUM a d’abord été déstabilisée et portée à recourir à une approche paternaliste pour écarter ceux qui contestaient son statut de porte-parole des étudiants et de la jeunesse. J’explore ensuite les stratégies des étudiants étrangers pour faire valoir leurs points de vue et, au sein de leur propre association (Cosmopolis), s’approprier la formation discursive de l’AGEUM et participer à la politique étudiante. Bricolé avec les moyens du bord et tiraillé par les nombreuses nationalités qui la composent, Cosmopolis s’érigera, en quelques années à peine, en interlocuteur de l’AGEUM et en caisse de résonnance, à Montréal, pour des enjeux qui marqueront les années 1960-1970 comme l’antiracisme, la décolonisation, l’immigration, l’intégration culturelle et la place du Québec dans la francophonie.
To be ou ne pas être
Authors: LeBel Marie , Rheault Catherine
Published: March 2018

Des hôpitaux psychiatriques ont été fermés assez récemment – à la fin des années 1970 et même au début des années 1980 – dans toutes les régions rurales de l’Ontario. Le cas particulier du Northeastern Psychiatric Hospital de Timmins, qui offrait des services en français, a inspiré la présente étude. Ce centre a été fermé brusquement et sans préavis en 1976 et le processus de désinstitutionnalisation ne s’est pas accompagné, dans sa dernière phase, de l’établissement de nouvelles structures d’accueil et de soins adaptées pour remplacer les anciennes. Nous nous sommes demandé si une telle fermeture, faite sans préavis et sans qu’aient été mis en place des services communautaires de remplacement, était survenue ailleurs dans la province. On aura compris que la question linguistique, la situation périphérique des communautés et la triple stigmatisation des sujets de l’étude (langue minoritaire, santé mentale et situation en périphérie des centres) sont autant d’éléments qui participent à la problématique. Cet article puise à de nombreux entretiens effectués auprès de fournisseurs de soins, d’infirmières, de conseillers, de psychologues et de travailleurs sociaux qui ont travaillé dans les services de santé mentale de la région entre les années 1960 et aujourd’hui.
The Combined Effect of Ethnic Identity Strength and Profiles on the Mental Health of Acadian University Students
Authors: Dupuis Jérémie B. , Beaton Ann M.
Published: March 2018

This two-part study aims to examine the moderating effect of ethnic identity strength on the relationship between ethnic identity profiles and mental health among Acadian university students who occupy a relative minority or majority status in the province of New Brunswick. Study 1 tested the factorial structure of an ethnic identity profile measure for Acadian students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a three-factor model, resulting in Affirmation, Detachment and Insecurity profiles. In Study 2, results of the moderation analysis revealed that the combination of a strong ethnic identity and an Affirmation profile provides protection against mental health issues for minority-status Acadian students, but not for majority-status Acadian students. Conversely, the combinations of a strong ethnic identity with the Detachment and Insecurity profiles increased the vulnerability of minority-status Acadian students to mental health issues, but not that of majority-status students.
Tensions autour de l’enseignement des littératies plurielles en milieu minoritaire
Authors: Dagenais Diane
Published: March 2018

Le rapport de force entre les langues est devenu évident lors de l’adoption d’une innovation pédagogique visant le développement des littératies plurielles dans une classe du primaire en milieu francophone minoritaire. La titulaire de classe et l’enseignante d’anglais langue seconde ont collaboré dans des activités de production d’histoires bilingues à l’aide de l’outil numérique ScribJab. Les interactions dans cette classe ont été observées, photographiées et filmées dans une étude ethnographique pendant la production des histoires et les élèves et les enseignantes ont été interviewés sur leurs réactions à l’innovation. L’étude s’appuie sur les recherches qui révèlent la nature flexible et fluide des littératies plurielles, lesquelles sont constituées d’un mélange de codes, de variétés linguistiques et de modes d’expression. Les discussions théoriques sur les liens entre la langue et le pouvoir ainsi que les écrits sur le plurilinguisme, les littératies plurielles, la multimodalité et les politiques linguistiques ont aussi enrichi ce travail. Nous proposons dans cet article un récit ethnographique sur les tensions et les contradictions provoquées par la cohabitation des langues, traditionnellement séparées, durant les activités de production bilingue en contexte scolaire minoritaire.
Moi, jouer ? Observations sur l’acquisition du français en tant que langue seconde chez des élèves anglodominants au sein d’une classe de maternelle francophone
Authors: Gauthier Rachelle , Cormier Marianne
Published: March 2018

Actuellement, l’école francophone en milieu minoritaire est aux prises avec de nombreux enjeux sociodémographiques alarmants qui font en sorte que le nombre d’élèves admissibles à l’école de la minorité diminue progressivement et qu’un enfant admissible sur deux n’a pas le français comme langue maternelle (Landry, 2010). De ce fait, les conseils scolaires francophones à travers le pays se heurtent au défi de maximiser la participation à l’école de langue française, ce qui se traduit par une diversité linguistique grandissante (Cormier, 2015; Farmer, 2008). Il apparaît donc essentiel de mieux comprendre les interactions entre le français et l’anglais dans les pratiques langagières des élèves. Nous rapportons ici les détails d’une étude qualitative, menée entre novembre 2015 et avril 2016 dans trois classes de maternelle francophones, qui cherchait à mieux comprendre les comportements langagiers des élèves dans des contextes éducatifs francophones où la francisation était présente. L’analyse des données provenant d’une école qui se situe dans un contexte de vitalité forte indique que les élèves anglodominants cheminaient bien à travers les stades d’acquisition d’une deuxième langue décrits par Tabors (2008) et qu’ils intégraient progressivement le français dans leurs locutions. Pour leur part, les élèves francodominants étaient portés, en novembre, à choisir l’anglais dans leurs échanges avec les élèves anglodominants, tandis qu’ils misaient fortement sur le français en avril.
La dyslexie en milieu minoritaire. Adaptation d’un test de dépistage des dyslexies pour une population francophone minoritaire : l’exemple de l’ODÉDYS
Authors: Nadeau Josée , Bourque Jimmy , Pakzad Sarah
Published: March 2018

En milieu minoritaire francophone, les retards observés lors du dépistage des difficultés en lecture pourraient venir d’une sous-exposition à la langue. Toutefois, ces retards pourraient être confondus avec un trouble d’apprentissage spécifique en lecture (dyslexie) si les normes utilisées dans l’évaluation ne sont pas représentatives de la population ciblée et si l’outil contient des biais culturels et linguistiques. Pour éviter d’interpréter ces difficultés comme étant une inaptitude, ce qui pourrait mener à des erreurs dans le dépistage, l’outil d’évaluation en lecture doit être adapté en particulier lorsqu’une population est minoritaire. La présente recherche, dont l’objectif est l’adaptation d’un outil de dépistage des dyslexies (ODÉDYS), fut effectuée à partir du jugement d’experts. Les adaptations apportées à l’outil concernent surtout la modification d’items dans les sous-tests de lecture et de dictée étant donné la présence d’anglicismes et de mots inconnus d’après les expériences d’apprentissage des élèves. Cette recherche propose aussi un exemple de démarche méthodologique pour l’adaptation d’un outil afin de dépister correctement les manifestations de la dyslexie en milieu minoritaire.
Evolutionary analysis of chromosome end extension
Authors: Shao Haojing , Zhou Chenxi , Cao Minh Duc , Coin Lachlan J.M
Published: March 2018

There are substantial subtelomeric interstitial telomeric sequence (ITS) in the human genome, however the origin of these sequences is not well understood. We investigate the possibility that these ITS have arisen via a process of chromosome end extension to the telomere sequence. By analysing the relationship between subtelomeric duplication and ITS, we identify multiple ITS which were the ancestral chromosome telomeric capping sequence. Comparison of chromosome terminal sequence between 15 species reveals an ongoing evolutionary process of chromosome extension, with an average extension rate of 0.0020 bp per year per chromosome. Analysis of SNP data from 1000 genomes demonstrates reduced SNP diversity in subtelomeric regions, indicating that many terminal regions are younger than the remaining autosomal sequence.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family under different developmental tissues and abiotic stresses in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)
Authors: Du Jiangtao , Ren Jie , Ye Xueling , Hou Ailin , Fu Wei , Mei Fabo , Liu Zhiyong
Published: March 2018

The glutathione-S-transferase (GST) family of proteins is ancient and versatile, and plays an important role in combating exogenous pathogens, endogenous toxicants, and various abiotic stresses. Although the GST family has been studied in many crops, few studies have been reported in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. Pekinensis). In the present work, genome-wide analysis of the GST family in Chinese cabbage was carried out, and the expression and functions of genes under different conditions were investigated. A total of 88 GST genes were identified and divided into seven subfamilies according to their evolutionary relationships. Tandem duplication of genes was revealed as the main mechanism of expansion in this family. Transcriptome analysis under high and low temperatures and abiotic stress conditions revealed that most GST genes respond to environmental changes to varying degrees, particularly under herbicide and cadmium stress conditions. Our findings provide a basis for analysing the functions of GST family members in Chinese cabbage, especially in response to various abiotic stresses.
Energetics and conformational pathways of functional rotation in the multidrug transporter AcrB
Authors: Matsunaga Yasuhiro , Yamane Tsutomu , Terada Tohru , Moritsugu Kei , Fujisaki Hiroshi , Murakami Satoshi , Ikeguchi Mitsunori , Kidera Akinori
Published: March 2018

The multidrug transporter AcrB transports a broad range of drugs out of the cell by means of the proton-motive force. The asymmetric crystal structure of trimeric AcrB suggests a functionally rotating mechanism for drug transport. Despite various supportive forms of evidence from biochemical and simulation studies for this mechanism, the link between the functional rotation and proton translocation across the membrane remains elusive. Here, calculating the minimum free energy pathway of the functional rotation for the complete AcrB trimer, we describe the structural and energetic basis behind the coupling between the functional rotation and the proton translocation at atomic resolution. Free energy calculations show that protonation of Asp408 in the transmembrane portion of the drug-bound protomer drives the functional rotation. The conformational pathway identifies vertical shear motions among several transmembrane helices, which regulate alternate access of water in the transmembrane as well as peristaltic motions that pump drugs in the periplasm.
Class Modeling Techniques in Chemometrics: Theory and Applications
Authors: De Luca Silvia , Bucci Remo , Magrì Andrea D. , Marini Federico
Published: March 2018

Class modeling techniques are a family of tools that address the classification problem by individually modeling one category at a time. This characteristic makes them particularly suitable for addressing problems where only one category is of interest (asymmetric classification) or when there is a high imbalance between the number of training samples in each class.

This article describes in great theoretical detail the class modeling techniques mostly used in chemometrics and also gives hints for their practical application.
Analysis of Herbicide and/or Pesticide Residues in Dietary Botanical Supplements
Authors: Raina‐Fulton Renata , Aborkhees Ghada , Behdarvandan Asal
Published: March 2018

Analysis of pesticides in nutraceuticals, particularly dietary botanical supplements, is challenging owing to the low water content of powder or tablet samples and potentially higher concentration of co‐extracts produced during the drying and manufacturing processes. These co‐extracts can cause signal suppression or enhancement in mass spectrometric (MS) detection. Poor chromatographic stability and peak shapes can also be observed from co‐eluting matrix components. Sample preparation is critical to the detection of pesticides in extracts, and the major sample preparation methods used for dietary botanical supplements included modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) methods, dilute‐and‐shoot, and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with in‐cell (on‐line) cleanup. Additional cleanup of extracts was completed by dispersive solid‐phase extraction (dSPE) or solid‐phase extraction (SPE). Recoveries of individual pesticides from a variety of chemical classes of varying polarities were evaluated using the major sample preparation approaches utilized for analysis of pesticides since 2010. Major chemical classes of pesticides included those predominately analyzed by GC‐MS/MS (pyrethroid insecticides) or LC‐MS/MS (carbamates, sulfonyl ureas, phenyl ureas, and neonicotinoid insecticides) and those that have greater flexibility to be analyzed by GC‐MS/MS or LC‐MS/MS (azole and strobilurin fungicides). Other selected herbicides including cyclohexene oxime herbicides, aryloxyphenoxy propionic herbicides, or fungicides that were included in multiresidue analysis methods were also examined. Common dSPE sorbents included primary secondary amine (PSA), octyldecyl silane (C18), graphitized carbon black (GCB), and zirconia and C18 bonded to silica (Z‐Sep
+
), while carbon‐based sorbents were used for SPE along with Florisil
®
. C18 and PSA were also used for SPE often in combination with a carbon‐based sorbent. Highlighted are the issues with different chemical classes or sample matrix types.
Controlling Actinide Extraction Chemistry (Separation of Actinides from Lanthanides as Part of Nuclear Fuel Recycling)
Authors: Westwood James , Harwood Laurence M.
Published: March 2018

This article outlines some of the techniques and processes involved in the extraction of actinides that are present in spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Owing to the very similar chemistries of the actinides and lanthanides, it is difficult to differentiate the elements in a complex matrix of elements that are present in SNF. However, exploiting subtle covalent differences in the actinide bonding with certain ligands has opened a whole area of research aimed toward the development of actinide‐selective ligands. It is vitally important to separate the actinides from the spent fuel removed from nuclear reactors as it is the actinides themselves, and specifically the minor actinides (americium, curium, and neptunium) that contribute to the long‐lasting radiotoxic properties of the used fuel. Once separated, these elements can be transmuted into shorter‐lived, more stable isotopes by bombardment with neutrons in fast neutron reactors (Generation IV), which are due to phase online over next decade. The much larger concentration of neutron absorbing lanthanides in the spent fuel, together with their very similar chemistry to the actinides, renders the separation a very difficult challenge.
An exploratory clinical study of p38α kinase inhibition in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Scheltens Philip , Prins Niels , Lammertsma Adriaan , Yaqub Maqsood , Gouw Alida , Wink Alle Meije , Chu Hui‐May , van Berckel Bart N. M. , Alam John
Published: March 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to preliminarily evaluate an oral small molecule p38α kinase inhibitor in patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD) for the effects on brain amyloid plaque load and episodic memory function, and to establish pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamics correlations if any effects identified on these parameters.

Methods

Sixteen patients with early AD received a highly selective p38α inhibitor (neflamapimod) for 84 days (12 weeks). To obtain a broad range of plasma drug exposures, subjects randomized to receive either 40 mg (n = 9) or 125 mg (n = 7) twice daily. Dynamic, 11C‐PiB positron emission scans were performed at baseline and at Day 84 and quantitatively analyzed by reference parametric mapping. Episodic memory assessed as Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) immediate and delayed recall composites.

Result

In the 11C‐PiB analyses there were no main group level effects, though in the prespecified responder analysis (>7% reduction in 11C‐PiB signal) there were three responders in the 40 mg, and one in the 125 mg group. There were statistically significant increases from baseline in mean WMS immediate recall score and WMS delayed recall at both day 28 (P = 0.03 and P = 0.001) and day 84 (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001). Individual subject plasma drug concentration profiles were significantly positively correlated with the change in combined WMS immediate and delayed recall (P < 0.0001, r2 = 0.70). Within‐subject effect size was 0.59 for immediate recall and 0.67 for delayed recall.

Interpretation

Selective p38α inhibition in patients with early AD may improve episodic memory and potentially impact β‐amyloid production. These preliminary clinical findings support conduct of a longer duration placebo‐controlled study, particularly to confirm the effects on episodic memory function.
Phenylboronic Acid Functionalized Polycarbonate Hydrogels for Controlled Release of Polymyxin B in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infected Burn Wounds
Authors: Obuobi Sybil , Voo Zhi Xiang , Low Mei W. , Czarny Bertrand , Selvarajan Vanitha , Ibrahim Nor L. , Yang Yi Yan , Ee Pui Lai Rachel
Published: March 2018

While physically crosslinked polycarbonate hydrogels are effective drug delivery platforms, their hydrophobic nature and lack of side chain functionality or affinity ligands for controlled release of hydrophilic drugs underscore the importance of their chemical compositions. This study evaluates an array of anionic hydrogel systems of phenylboronic acid functionalized triblock copolymers prepared via reversible physical interactions. Variation of key chemical functionalities while maintaining similar core structural features demonstrates the influence of the substitution position and protection of the boronic acid functionality on gel viscoelasticity and mechanical strength at physiological pH. The optimum gel systems obtained from the meta‐substituted copolymers (m‐PAP) are stable at physiological pH and nontoxic to mammalian dermal cells. The polymyxin B loaded m‐PAP hydrogels demonstrate controlled in vitro drug release kinetics and in vitro antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa over 48 h. In vivo antimicrobial efficacy of the drug loaded hydrogels further corroborates the in vitro results, demonstrating sustained antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa burn wound infections. The current strategy described in this study demonstrates a straightforward approach in designing physiologically relevant boronic acid hydrogel systems for controlled release of cationic antimicrobials for future clinical applications.
Advances and Opportunities in Nanoparticle‐ and Nanomaterial‐Based Vaccines against Bacterial Infections
Authors: Lin Leon Chien‐Wei , Chattopadhyay Saborni , Lin Jung‐Chen , Hu Che‐Ming Jack
Published: March 2018

As the dawn of the postantibiotic era we approach, antibacterial vaccines are becoming increasingly important for managing bacterial infection and reducing the need for antibiotics. Despite the success of vaccination, vaccines remain unavailable for many pressing microbial diseases, including tuberculosis, chlamydia, and staphylococcus infections. Amid continuing research efforts in antibacterial vaccine development, the advancement of nanomaterial engineering has brought forth new opportunities in vaccine designs. With increasing knowledge in antibacterial immunity and immunologic adjuvants, innovative nanoparticles are designed to elicit the appropriate immune responses for effective antimicrobial defense. Rationally designed nanoparticles are demonstrated to overcome delivery barriers to shape the adaptive immunity. This article reviews the advances in nanoparticle‐ and nanomaterial‐based antibacterial vaccines and summarizes the development of nanoparticulate adjuvants for immune potentiation against microbial pathogens. In addition, challenges and progress in ongoing antibacterial vaccine development are discussed to highlight the opportunities for future vaccine designs.
Nanoscaled Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Biosensing, Imaging, and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhou Jingrong , Tian Gan , Zeng Lijuan , Song Xueer , Bian Xiu‐wu
Published: March 2018

Owing to the progressive development of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) synthetic processes and their unique characters associated with the excellent performance‐selectable composition, tunable pore scale, large surface area, and good thermal stability, MOFs have captured the interest and the imagination of an increasing number of scientists working in different fields. In the area of biomedical applications, MOFs are especially involved in sensing, molecular imaging, and drug delivery, with strong contributions to the whole nanomedicine area. Recently, these materials have been scaled down to nanometer sizes with the advancement of chemical synthesis gradually reaching an adjustable level. This review mainly discusses and summarizes the general synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of nanoscaled MOFs and their composites in biosensing, imaging, and cancer therapy within the latest three years. The remaining challenges and future opportunities in this field, in terms of processing techniques, maximizing composite properties, and prospects for clinical applications, are also indicated.
Oxa[7]superhelicen: ein π‐erweiterter, helikaler Chromophor auf Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronen‐Basis
Authors: Reger David , Haines Philipp , Heinemann Frank W. , Guldi Dirk M. , Jux Norbert
Published: March 2018

Ein neuartiges π‐erweitertes “Superhelicen” auf der Basis von Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenen wurde mit einem effizienten vierstufigen Syntheseverfahren ausgehend von Diphenylether synthetisiert. Das Helicen wurde durch NMR‐Spektroskopie und Massenspektrometrie in Kombination mit Röntgenstrukturanalyse zweifelsfrei charakterisiert. Physikalisch‐chemische Analysen des Superhelicens und geeigneter HBC‐Referenzverbindungen enthüllen unter anderem die bemerkenswerten Fluoreszenzeigenschaften mit Quantenausbeuten Φf>80 %.
Natural Product Diversification Mediated by Alternative Transcriptional Starting
Authors: Tobias Nicholas J. , Linck Annabell , Bode Helge B.
Published: March 2018

Photorhabdus luminescens dedicates a significant proportion of its genome to the production of natural products. These products and the structural variation in their derivatives may occur by a number of well‐described mechanisms, such as module skipping or precursor promiscuity. Cappable‐seq was used to identify transcriptional start sites of many of the gene clusters present in P. luminescens TTO1. We discovered that variations associated with the non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase Kol, which is responsible for kolossin A production, possessed a number of internal transcripts that lead to synthesis of the smaller kolossin derivatives kolossin B and C. The data here support a new mechanism of natural product biosynthetic variation whereby mRNA may code for shorter NRPS enzymes in addition to full‐length proteins, resulting in the production of smaller peptide derivatives.
A Supramolecular Polymer Network of Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Uemura Yuichiro , Yamato Kairi , Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu
Published: March 2018

Graphene quantum dot (GQD)–organic hybrid compounds (GQD‐2 b–e) were prepared by introducing 3,4,5‐tri(hexadecyloxy)benzyl groups (C16) and linear chains terminated with a 2‐ureido‐4‐[1H]‐pyrimidinone (UPy) moiety onto the periphery of GQD‐1. GQD‐2 b–e formed supramolecular assemblies through hydrogen bonding between the UPy units. GPC analysis showed that GQDs with high loadings of the UPy group formed larger assemblies, and this trend was confirmed by DOSY and viscosity measurements. AFM images showed the polymeric network structures of GQD‐2 e on mica with flat structures (ca. 1.1 nm in height), but no such structures were observed in GQD‐2 a, which only carries the C16 group. GQD‐2 c and GQD‐2 d formed organogels in n‐decanol, and the gelation properties can be altered by replacing the alkyl chains in the UPy group with ethylene glycol chains (GQD‐3). GQD can thus be used as a platform for supramolecular polymers and organogelators by suitable chemical functionalization.
Ultrashort Broadband Cooperative Pulses for Multidimensional Biomolecular NMR Experiments
Authors: Asami Sam , Kallies Wolfgang , Günther Johannes C. , Stavropoulou Maria , Glaser Steffen J. , Sattler Michael
Published: March 2018

NMR spectroscopy at ultra‐high magnetic fields requires improved radiofrequency (rf) pulses to cover the increased spectral bandwidth. Optimized 90° pulse pairs were introduced as Ramsey‐type cooperative (Ram‐COOP) pulses for biomolecular NMR applications. The Ram‐COOP element provides broadband excitation with enhanced sensitivity and reduced artifacts even at magnetic fields >1.0 GHz 1H Larmor frequency (23 T). A pair of 30 μs Ram‐COOP pulses achieves an excitation bandwidth of 100 kHz with a maximum rf field of 20 kHz, more than three‐fold improved compared to excitation by rectangular pulses. Ram‐COOP pulses exhibit little offset‐dependent phase errors and are robust to rf inhomogeneity. The performance of the Ram‐COOP element is experimentally confirmed with heteronuclear multidimensional NMR experiments, applied to proteins and nucleic acids. Ram‐COOP provides broadband excitation at low rf field strength suitable for application at current magnetic fields and beyond 23 T.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Coupled with Selective Benzylamine Oxidation over MOF Composites
Authors: Liu Hang , Xu Caiyun , Li Dandan , Jiang Hai‐Long
Published: March 2018

Photocatalytic water splitting requires separation of the mixed H2 and O2 products and is often hampered by the sluggish O2‐producing half reaction. An approach is now reported to address these issues by coupling the H2‐producing half reaction with value‐added benzylamine oxidation reaction using metal–organic framework (MOF) composites. Upon MOF photoexcitation, the electrons rapidly reduce the protons to generate H2 and the holes promote considerable benzylamine oxidation to N‐benzylbenzaldimine with high selectivity. Further experimental characterizations and theoretical calculation reveal that the highly conjugated s‐triazine strut in the MOF structure is crucial to the efficient charge separation and excellent photocatalytic activity.
Tailoring Fluorescence Emission of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Dyes by an Aggregation‐induced Emission Coupled Excited‐state Intramolecular Proton Transfer Process
Authors: Wu Fuyong , Wang Lingyun , Tang Hao , Cao Derong , Jiang Xiaofang
Published: March 2018

Two diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives (DPP1 and DPP2) are used for generating multiple luminescent colors (yellow–orange–red–deep red) in solution, nanoparticle, aggregate and solid states through an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) coupled excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. They are potentially useful for bioimaging due to their good biocompatibility and large Stoke shifts.
A new measure of child vocal reciprocity in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Harbison Amy L. , Woynaroski Tiffany G. , Tapp Jon , Wade Joshua W. , Warlaumont Anne S. , Yoder Paul J.
Published: March 2018

Children's vocal development occurs in the context of reciprocal exchanges with a communication partner who models “speechlike” productions. We propose a new measure of child vocal reciprocity, which we define as the degree to which an adult vocal response increases the probability of an immediately following child vocal response. Vocal reciprocity is likely to be associated with the speechlikeness of vocal communication in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Two studies were conducted to test the utility of the new measure. The first used simulated vocal samples with randomly sequenced child and adult vocalizations to test the accuracy of the proposed index of child vocal reciprocity. The second was an empirical study of 21 children with ASD who were preverbal or in the early stages of language development. Daylong vocal samples collected in the natural environment were computer analyzed to derive the proposed index of child vocal reciprocity, which was highly stable when derived from two daylong vocal samples and was associated with speechlikeness of vocal communication. This association was significant even when controlling for chance probability of child vocalizations to adult vocal responses, probability of adult vocalizations, or probability of child vocalizations. A valid measure of children's vocal reciprocity might eventually improve our ability to predict which children are on track to develop useful speech and/or are most likely to respond to language intervention. A link to a free, publicly‐available software program to derive the new measure of child vocal reciprocity is provided. Autism Res 2018, 11: 903–915. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Children and adults often engage in back‐and‐forth vocal exchanges. The extent to which they do so is believed to support children's early speech and language development. Two studies tested a new measure of child vocal reciprocity using computer‐generated and real‐life vocal samples of young children with autism collected in natural settings. The results provide initial evidence of accuracy, test‐retest reliability, and validity of the new measure of child vocal reciprocity. A sound measure of children's vocal reciprocity might improve our ability to predict which children are on track to develop useful speech and/or are most likely to respond to language intervention. A free, publicly‐available software program and manuals are provided.
Detection and Verification of Sibutramine Adulterated in Herbal Slimming Supplements Using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Li , Feng Rui , He Ruisi , Liang Qi
Published: March 2018

Sibutramine, a drug for weight loss, has been implicated in numerous deaths in recent years and has been sold to the public in adulterated herbal slimming supplements. In order to efficiently detect and verify the existence of sibutramine in samples, it was essential to develop a mass spectrometry method for detecting sibutramine, the drug described in this study. Sibutramine was extracted from herbal material matrixes by sonication. Separation was achieved via liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis was conducted by electrospray ionization triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). The main fragmentation pathways were proposed and verified by Isotopic labeling of sibutramine hydrochloride. These pathways involved the rearrangement of hydrogen, methyl migration and an unstable multi‐membered‐ring transition structure. We found four high‐abundance fragment ions and created a method to verify the presence of sibutramine in herbal slimming supplements using MRM. This verification method offers high quality data with high sensitivity, low limits of detection and clear, easily interpretable results that are well suited for the verification of sibutramine hydrochloride in herbal slimming supplements of complex mixtures.
A multicenter post‐marketing evaluation of the Elixir DESolve® Novolimus‐eluting bioresorbable coronary scaffold system: First results from the DESolve PMCF study
Authors: Nef Holger , Wiebe Jens , Boeder Niklas , Dörr Oliver , Bauer Timm , Hauptmann Karl‐Eugen , Latib Azeem , Colombo Antonio , Fischer Dieter , Rudolph Tanja , Foin Nicolas , Richardt Gert , Hamm Christian
Published: March 2018

Objectives

To date, experience with bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) that elute agents other than everolimus is limited. Thus, a post‐marketing clinical follow‐up study was conducted to evaluate the continued safety and effectiveness of the DESolve® NOVOLIMUS™ Eluting BRS as treatment for patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Background

The DESolve BRS combines a poly‐l‐lactide‐based backbone with a biodegradable polylactide‐based polymer and Novolimus, a macrocyclic lactone mTOR inhibitor.

Methods

One hundred and two patients (mean age 62 years, 77.5% male) were enrolled at 10 European sites. Comparison of baseline and post‐procedural angiographic assessment was performed, and a device‐oriented composite endpoint (comprising cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically driven target lesion revascularization) and rate of scaffold thrombosis at 12 months were examined.

Results

The device was successfully delivered and deployed in 98.2% (107/109) of the lesions, with two failures to cross the lesion. A total of 100 patients (109 lesions) were treated with a DESolve BRS. Post‐procedural angiographic assessment indicated an in‐scaffold acute gain of 1.54 ± 0.44 mm, with a reduction in % diameter stenosis from 61.00 ± 11.29 to 12.69 ± 0.44. At 12 months, the device‐oriented composite endpoint had occurred in 3.0% (3/100) of patients, with 1.0% (1/100) experiencing scaffold thrombosis and myocardial infarction and 3.0% (3/100) undergoing target lesion revascularization. There were no cardiac deaths.

Conclusions

Results through 12 months indicate that the DESolve BRS is a safe and effective treatment for coronary lesions, though larger, long‐term prospective studies are needed.
Meningoencephalocele causing recurrent meningitis
Authors: Ruas Rogério , Ribeiro Natália
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical Message

Patients with recurrent meningitis must be carefully studied to exclude risk factors including anatomic defects.
Tensions between Value Capture and Value Slippage: The Case of Brand Communities
Authors: Cova Bernard , Paranque Bernard
Published: March 2018

With the development of intangibles, the issue of value capture has become of paramount importance, especially for firms that have a community of users gathered around their brand. While the notion of utilizing communities may be appealing, transforming the relationship between firms and communities into profit for the firm is less obvious. The dual challenge for firms is capturing the value created by the brand community, while avoiding any kind of value slippage to another actor. From a re‐examination of five cases of value creation with brand communities in different industries, we delineate three assemblages of actors and episodes manifesting value slippage, and two manifesting value capture by virtue of the attitudes and behaviours of the firms that own the brands. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of sorafenib on the outcomes of patients with FLT3‐ITD acute myeloid leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Xuan Li , Wang Yu , Huang Fen , Jiang Erlie , Deng Lan , Wu Bingyi , Fan Zhiping , Liang Xinquan , Xu Na , Ye Jieyu , Lin Ren , Yin Changxin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Sun Jing , Han Mingzhe , Huang Xiaojun , Liu Qifa
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sorafenib on the outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)–internal tandem duplication (ITD) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT).

METHODS

A total of 144 patients with FLT3‐ITD AML undergoing allo‐HSCT between January 2012 and December 2015 were enrolled in this study. Depending on whether they were receiving sorafenib before transplantation or sorafenib maintenance after transplantation, patients were divided into 4 groups: patients receiving sorafenib before transplantation (group A; n = 36), patients receiving sorafenib after transplantation (group B; n = 32), patients receiving sorafenib both before and after transplantation (group C; n = 26), and patients receiving sorafenib neither before nor after transplantation (group D; n = 50). Outcomes were compared among these groups.

RESULTS

The 3‐year relapse rates were 22.2%, 18.8%, 15.8%, and 46.1% for groups A, B, C, and D, respectively (P = .006). The 3‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 74.9%, 78.1%, 84.6%, and 50.9%, respectively (P = .023), and the 3‐year leukemia‐free survival (LFS) rates were 69.4%, 78.1%, 80.4%, and 34.8%, respectively (P < .001). The relapse rate was higher and the LFS was shorter in group D versus groups A, B, and C. The OS in group D was shorter than the OS in group C but was similar to the OS in groups A and B. A multivariate analysis revealed that sorafenib before transplantation, sorafenib maintenance after transplantation, and their combined application were protective factors for a lower relapse rate (hazard ratios [HRs], 0.436 [P = .048], 0.431 [P = .046], and 0.173 [P = .002], respectively) and longer LFS (HRs, 0.322 [P = .010], 0.343 [P = .014], and 0.187 [P = .001], respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Sorafenib before transplantation, sorafenib maintenance after transplantation, and their combined application all could improve the outcomes for patients with FLT3‐ITD AML. Further study is needed to determine whether the use of sorafenib both before and after transplantation might be ideal. Cancer 2018;124:1954‐63. © 2018 American Cancer Society.