bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a Pulsar Wind Nebula in the Type Ib Peculiar Supernova SN 2012au
Authors: Milisavljevic Dan , Patnaude Daniel J. , Chevalier Roger A. , Raymond John C. , Fesen Robert A. , Margutti Raffaella , Conner Brody , Banovetz John
Published: September 2018

We present an optical spectrum of the energetic Type Ib supernova (SN) 2012au obtained at an unprecedented epoch of 6.2 yr after explosion. Forbidden transition emission lines of oxygen and sulfur are detected with expansion velocities of ≈2300 km s−1. The lack of narrow H Balmer lines suggests that interaction with circumstellar material is not a dominant source of the observed late-time emission. We also present a deep Chandra observation that reveals no X-ray emission down to a luminosity of L

X
 < 2 × 1038 erg s−1 (0.5–10 keV). Our findings are consistent with the notion that SN 2012au is associated with a diverse subset of SNe, including long-duration gamma-ray burst SNe and superluminous SNe, harboring pulsar/magnetar wind nebulae that influence core-collapse explosion dynamics on a wide range of energy scales. We hypothesize that these systems may all evolve into a similar late-time phase dominated by forbidden oxygen transitions, and predict that emission line widths should remain constant or broaden a few percent per year due to the acceleration of ejecta by the pulsar/magnetar bubble.
Larger Mutual Inclinations for the Shortest-period Planets
Authors: Dai Fei , Masuda Kento , Winn Joshua N.
Published: September 2018

The Kepler mission revealed a population of compact multiple-planet systems with orbital periods shorter than a year, and occasionally even shorter than a day. By analyzing a sample of 102 Kepler and K2 multiple-planet systems, we measure the minimum difference ΔI between the orbital inclinations, as a function of the orbital distance of the innermost planet. This is accomplished by fitting all the planetary signals simultaneously, constrained by an external estimate of the stellar mean density. We find ΔI to be larger when the inner orbit is smaller, a trend that does not appear to be a selection effect. We find that planets with a/R
⋆ < 5 have a dispersion in ΔI of 6.°7 ± 0.°6, while planets with 5 < a/R
⋆ < 12 have a dispersion of 2.°0 ± 0.°1. The planetary pairs with higher mutual inclinations also tend to have larger period ratios. These trends suggest that the shortest-period planets have experienced both inclination excitation and orbital shrinkage.
The Reversal of a Solar Prominence Rotation about Its Ascending Direction during a Failed Eruption
Authors: Song H. Q. , Zhou Z. J. , Li L. P. , Cheng X. , Zhang J. , Chen Y. , Chen C. X. , Ma X. W. , Wang B. , Zheng R. S.
Published: September 2018

The magnetic orientation of solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) near the Earth’s magnetosphere is one major parameter that influences the geoeffectiveness of CMEs. The orientation often varies during the eruption and propagation from the Sun to the Earth due to the deflection and/or rotation of CMEs. It is common to observe the counterclockwise (CCW) or clockwise (CW) rotation (viewed from above) of solar prominences in the corona, which can be used to predict the space weather effect of associated CMEs. In this Letter, we report an intriguing failed prominence eruption that occurred on 2010 December 10, exhibiting the CCW and CW rotations sequentially in the corona. The eruption is recorded by both the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on board the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory. This stereoscopic combination allows us to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure and identify the rotation reversal without ambiguity. The prominence first rotates CCW about its ascending direction by ∼135° in ∼26 minutes and then reverses to the CW rotation by ∼45° in ∼15 minutes; i.e., the average CCW and CW rotation speeds are ∼5.2 and ∼3.0 deg minute−1, respectively. The possible mechanisms leading to the rotation and reversal are discussed. The kinematics of the prominence is also analyzed, which indicates that an upward force acts on the prominence during the entire process.
Allergic Maculo-Papular Exanthema Due To Terbinafine
Authors: Koch André , Tchernev Georgi , Wollina Uwe
Published: September 2018

We report on a 76-year-old male patient who developed a maculopapular generalised exanthema due to terbinafine. Prick test was negative; patch test revealed a positive reaction after 48 h confirming the delayed-type allergic reaction. Non-pustular exanthema has only rarely been reported for terbinafine.
Non Catether Induced Renal and Inferior Vena Cava Trombosis in a Neonate: A Case Report
Authors: Aluloska Natasha , Janchevska Snezana , Tasic Velibor
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: Neonatal renal vein thrombosis is the most common vascular condition in the newborn kidney, which could lead to serious complication in infants.CASE REPORT: We report a case of the unilateral renal vein and inferior vena cava thrombosis, presented with gross hematuria and thrombocytopenia in a neonate. The neonate was a macrosomic male born to a mother with hyperglycemia in pregnancy. The baby was born with perinatal asphyxia and early neonatal infection and massive hematuria. Clinical and laboratory examination showed enlarged kidney having corticomedullary differentiation diminished and azotemia. Diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis was suspected by renal ultrasound and confirmed by magnetic urography. Prothrombotic risk factors were evaluated. The child is being managed conservatively. Measures aimed at the prevention of end-stage renal disease because of its poor outcome were highlighted. Despite anticoagulant therapy, the right kidney developed areas of scarring and then atrophy.           CONCLUSION: In this work, we present a patient with multiple entities in the aetiology of non-catheter induced renal and vena cava thrombosis in a neonate. Clinicians should suspect renal vein thrombosis in neonates when presented with early postnatal gross hematuria, palpable abdominal mass and thrombopenia.
L’emploi accompagné : rupture ou continuité avec les approches traditionnelles d’aide à l’insertion professionnelle ?
Authors: Pachoud Bernard
Published: September 2018

Depuis la reconnaissance par les pouvoirs publics de l’intérêt et de la spécificité de l’emploi accompagné, assortie de son financement, cette pratique se développe sur l’ensemble du territoire, dans des contextes différents, faisant envisager une hétérogénéité des pratiques. Cela soulève la question de la définition de l’emploi accompagné. Il est intéressant de constater que dans les modèles de référence – le modèle IPS en santé mentale, ou celui proposé par l’association européenne d’emploi accompagné (EUSE) – cette pratique est d’abord et principalement définie par des valeurs et des principes. Nous préciserons la notion de “pratique fondée sur des valeurs”, ce qui la distingue des pratiques inspirées par la tradition médicale et fondées plutôt sur le savoir, et la place de ce type de pratiques dans les politiques sociales et de santé. Il nous paraît dommage que cette approche, fondée sur les valeurs et les droits, ne soit pas explicitement mentionnée, ni véritablement reprise, dans les textes officiels de cadrage de la mise œuvre de cette pratique.
Preventing Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Domachowske Joseph , Halczyn Jodi , Bonville Cynthia A.
Published: September 2018

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite intense research efforts, safe and effective vaccines have remained elusive. Risk factors for the development of severe disease are well known, and those infants at highest risk are identified to receive RSV prophylaxis in the form of anti-RSV monoclonal antibody. Still, many other infant groups remain at risk and could benefit from an effective RSV prevention program. An explosion of clinic research activity is bringing unprecedented progress. Several of the most promising approaches currently being evaluated in clinical trials are reviewed.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(9):e371–e376.]
Patient and Professional Perspectives on Nutrition in Chronic Respiratory Disease Self-Management: Reflections on Nutrition and Food Literacies
Authors: Hakami Roya , Gillis Doris E. , Poureslami Iraj , FitzGerald J. Mark
Published: September 2018

Background:

Nutrition literacy (NL) and food literacy (FL) have emerged as distinct forms of the multifaceted concept of health literacy (HL). Despite convincing evidence that changes in dietary behavior can improve health, the role of nutrition in supporting self-management in patients with chronic respiratory disease tends to be overlooked.

Objective:

This study examined patient and key informant (health care professionals, researchers, and policymakers) perspectives on nutrition in the context of self-management practices in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with implications for NL and FL.

Methods:

Data were collected during 16 focus groups with 93 English- and French-speaking patients in the Canadian Provinces of British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec, and in-depth interviews with 45 key informants mainly from Canada. Participants' comments, including dietary perception keywords, were extracted and classified using NVivo software. Thematic analysis was applied.

Key Results:

Patients' perspectives on nutrition reflected three broad themes: (1) importance of nutrition knowledge in self-management, (2) applying nutrition knowledge in self-management, and (3) challenges in applying nutrition knowledge in self-management. Embedded within the third theme were six sub-themes: Limitations in “accessing nutrition information,” “understanding nutrition information,” “basic literacy skills,” and “ability to act on nutrition information,” along with “lack of supports to act on nutrition information,” and “competing daily demands in mealtime and medication management.” Although less than 10% of key informants provided nutrition-relevant comments, their comments reinforced patients' concerns about barriers to accessing, understanding, and using nutrition information in self-management.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that more attention be directed to nutrition in the self-management of chronic respiratory disease and warrant further research on the roles of NL and FL in this health practice context. Such research could also contribute to the broader agenda of understanding NL and FL and applying them as subconcepts of HL in chronic disease self-management interventions.
[

HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2018;2(3):e166–e174.]

Plain Language Summary:

Growing evidence supporting the role of diet in chronic disease calls for more attention to nutrition literacy. This study explored patient and key informant viewpoints on engaging with nutrition information in self-management of chronic lung disease. Findings suggest patients encounter many challenges in accessing, understanding, and acting on relevant nutrition information.
As comunidades negras rurais nas ciências sociais no Brasil: de Nina Rodrigues à era dos programas de pós-graduação em antropologia
Authors: Plínio dos Santos Carlos Alexandre B.
Published: September 2018

Proponho, neste artigo, traçar uma breve análise dos estudos sobre relações raciais, nas ciências sociais no Brasil, com o intuito de demonstrar que o foco dos estudos sociológicos e antropológicos sobre o negro estava delimitado predominantemente em contextos urbanos até a década de 1960. As comunidades negras rurais, vistas como “desagregadas culturalmente”, foram colocadas à margem desses estudos no período citado. Esse quadro só começou a ser modificado com a criação dos programas de pós-graduação em antropologia, os quais investigaram múltiplos temas que, aos poucos, deram visibilidade às comunidades negras rurais.
Construção de territórios geríveis : (in)definição do lugar do crime contra pessoas na internet
Authors: Rabelo Mariana Cintra
Published: September 2018

Este artigo analisa a centralidade que a definição de territórios assume em conflitos de competência judicial em casos de crimes contra pessoas perpetrados através da internet. A discussão recai sobre um contexto produtivo de enquadramentos de imaginação e autoridade jurídica. Como podem ser territorializadas ações ilícitas perpetradas pela internet ? Como, nesses casos, se atualiza a aplicação do direito penal ? Com base no estudo de acórdãos, é possível apreender processos de negociação e transformação das sensibilidades de espaço-tempo acerca da experiência da e na internet. Procuro mostrar que a construção da internet como território juridicamente gerível e, neste contexto, de feições transnacionais ou com potencialidade internacional é um empreendimento de gestão recente, datado principalmente dos anos 2000, e não absoluto.
Judicialização das relações sociais e configurações de sujeito entre jovens cumprindo medidas socioeducativas em Santa Catarina
Authors: Rifiotis Theophilos , Vieira Danielli , Dassi Tatiana
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo tem como referência pesquisas etnográficas realizadas em seis instituições de Santa Catarina que recebem “adolescentes em conflito com a lei”. Tem como objetivo mostrar os modos como os jovens se relacionam com variados regimes de moralidade e como vivenciam o “cuidado de si”, numa autoformatação permanente, construindo uma ética de vida através da qual se constituem como sujeitos morais. Discutimos as configurações de sujeito produzidas nos processos de judicialização desses jovens, destacando a presença de distintas configurações ligadas a diversos regimes de moralidades. Concretamente, analisamos os discursos e as práticas dos jovens, procurando identificar como eles se apropriam, dão coerência e avaliam suas trajetórias pessoais, de “conflito com a lei”. A análise destaca seis modulações das configurações de sujeito observadas na pesquisa: a correria e o se virar; a vulnerabilidade e a vitimização; a aventura e a adrenalina; o viver no veneno; o coisa-ruim; e o sujeito-homem. São configurações que não podem ser consideradas isoladamente e que mostram a multivocalidade e a contingência dos chamados sujeitos em “conflito com a lei”, o que coloca a necessidade de rediscutirmos os limites’ da leitura focada nos “direitos do sujeito”.
Descobrindo conexões ao longo do rio no Baixo Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Harris Mark
Published: September 2018

Este artigo trata da aprendizagem de habilidades entre pessoas que vivem ao longo dos rios da Amazônia no estado do Pará, Brasil. Aborda as relações regionais de aprendizagem e seus contextos de forma histórica e concentra-se nas atividades de pesca e cura xamânica. A questão que anima este artigo é esta : dadas as rupturas da história da Amazônia, como as habilidades foram transmitidas de uma geração para outra ? Minha resposta explora o papel do rio nas habilidades de aprendizagem e na formação de vidas e na maneira como alguns amazônicos do século XVIII improvisaram o conhecimento e os recursos materiais da época e como alguns de seus descendentes construíram esse legado cerca de 250 anos depois. Compreender esses caminhos de aprendizagem é saber como relações de diferentes escalas são construídas através de laços pessoais, acesso a recursos e tecnologia. O rio fornece a estrutura para essas escalas.
Controvérsias entre a Amazônia rural e a conservação: um estudo sobre a Rede Sociotécnica de ribeirinhos e onças nas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá e Amanã no Amazonas
Authors: Macedo Joana , Barbi Rafael , Branquinho Fátima , Bergallo Helena
Published: September 2018

Partindo da noção de rede sociotécnica estabelecida na relação entre onças e ribeirinhos em duas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável no Amazonas, foram identificadas controvérsias entre o saber tradicional e o científico. Quantas onças existem, qual é a agência delas e o que ela provoca nos demais actantes? O que a ciência mede e quantifica a respeito das onças tem sempre correspondência com o que é posto em movimento em termos de política para a conservação? O objetivo deste artigo não é responder a essas questões, e sim evidenciar as controvérsias identificadas nas relações entre a Amazônia rural e a conservação, destacando possibilidades e limites da Teoria Ator-Rede tanto para a compreensão da construção do conhecimento científico como para a política na relação entre onças e populações tradicionais e seus desdobramentos.
O enraizamento da pessoa capuxu: a dieta e os modos de comer
Authors: Leite de Sousa Emilene
Published: September 2018

Este artigo discute um dos aspectos da produção do corpo e da pessoa capuxu: sua dieta. O povo capuxu é um grupo camponês endogâmico que habita o Sítio Santana-Queimadas, no sertão da Paraíba. Como a produção do corpo e da pessoa, neste caso, está atrelada à identidade capuxu, este artigo visa discutir a relação entre a dieta e os modos próprios de fabricar corpos, com investimentos peculiares desde a infância. Além disso, aborda como esta fabricação desemboca na produção de pessoas e como estes processos individuais e coletivos de fabricação de corpos e de pessoas levam à elaboração da identidade capuxu. Neste sentido, a alimentação tem papel fundamental, uma vez que é considerada responsável por garantir que a força advinda da terra se introduza no corpo, dotando-o de força e coragem, atributos fundamentais para o corpo e a pessoa capuxu.
Los tiempos de la sociedad hispano colonial: un contraste de los registros escritos de visitas y juicios de residencia
Authors: Smietniansky Silvina
Published: September 2018

Este artículo constituye una aproximación etnográfica al estudio del tiempo en la sociedad de Hispanoamérica colonial a través del examen comparativo de dos dispositivos con que contaba la Corona en la administración de sus dominios: la visita y el juicio de residencia. En continuidad con trabajos anteriores, la conceptualizacióndeestoseventoscomo rituales marca la orientación y las claves de un análisis interesado en explorar los modos de registro y representación del tiempo. Se examinan dos casos: la visita a los indios encomendados del Tucumán sustanciada en 1692-1694 por un Oidor de la Audiencia de Charcas, y, el juicio de residencia instruido al gobernador del Tucumán Juan Victorino Martínez de Tineo en 1763-1764.
Dançando cacofonias: de mestiços, inã (Karajá) e “cultura”
Authors: Schiel Helena
Published: September 2018

Este artigo reflete sobre as condições de cidadania entre os índios Karajá a partir de sua experiência urbana e interétnica. Compara a situação dos dois extremos do território karajá: o subgrupo Xambioá, mais ao norte, e a aldeia Buridina, mais ao sul de seu território, ao longo do Rio Araguaia. Os casamentos interétnicos deram origem à classificação identitária de “mestiço”. Argumenta-se que a condição dúbia do mestiço o impede de acessar plenamente sua “cidadania” na forma dos serviços fornecidos pela política indigenista.
Práticas indígenas de cura no Nordeste brasileiro: discutindo políticas públicas e intermedicalidade
Authors: Andrade João T. , Sousa Carlos Kleber Saraiva de
Published: September 2018

Em muitos países, agências de saúde e governos têm proposto uma integração entre diferentes sistemas médicos dentro de serviços públicosnacionais. No Brasil, a inclusão das terapias complementares e tradicionais no Sistema Único de Saúde constitui importante marco para a expansão das opções terapêuticas da população. Quais são as implicações deste empreendimento? Este artigo constitui uma reflexão sobre práticas indígenas de cura no Nordeste brasileiro como recurso terapêutico aos serviços convencionais de saúde e contribui para o debate sobre a diversidade dos sistemas médicos. Trata-se de exame das políticas públicas e diretrizes oficiais de saúde que propõem a integração da biomedicinacomaspráticasterapêuticas indígenas. O assunto é discutido considerando-se o pluralismo médico e a intermedicalidade, entendida como espaço contextualizado de medicinas híbridas. A discussão está baseada em revisão de literatura especializada, pesquisa documental e etnografia do povo Pitaguary no Nordeste do Brasil. A intermedicalidade ilustra uma forma particular de cuidados de saúde, tendo em conta crenças culturais e práticas terapêuticas articuladas a interesses e costumes das comunidades indígenas, pondo em contato vários elementos culturais.
Fernand Pouillon, le double exilé de la politique du logement
Authors: Regnault Cécile , Bousquet Luc
Published: September 2018

Figure éminente de l’architecture française du XXe siècle, Fernand Pouillon (1912-1986) a connu l’exil deux fois de suite. Une première fois de la France vers l’Algérie, entre 1965 et 1966, suite à son procès dans l’affaire du Comptoir National du Logement. Deux décennies plus tard en 1984, il se voit contraint de faire le chemin inverse, chassé par le pouvoir algérien avec la même énergie qui l’avait accueilli. Ce deuxième exil le verra revenir à Belcastel, où il finira ses jours en 1986. L’article s’intéresse aux conditions de ces deux exils successifs et trace des parallélismes entre les raisons y ayant prévalu des deux côtés de la Méditerranée, éclairant le deuxième exil, moins documenté et beaucoup moins médiatisé que le premier.
Functional and Non-Functional Requirements Modeling for the Design of New Online Social Networks
Authors: Bouraga Sarah , Jureta Ivan , Faulkner Stéphane
Published: September 2018

Online social networks (OSNs) such as Facebook and LinkedIn are now widely used. They count users in the hundreds of millions. This chapter surveys popular social networks in order to present a pattern of recurring functional requirements as well as non-functional requirements, and a model of that pattern in the i* requirements modelling language. The pattern can serve as a starting point for requirements engineering of new OSNs. The authors test their model by applying it to a popular OSN, namely Twitter.
Online Social Capital Among Social Networking Sites' Users
Authors: Ahmed Azza Abdel-Azim Mohamed
Published: September 2018

This research aimed to explore types of online social capital (bridging and bonding) that the Emiratis perceive in the context of social networking site (SNS) usage. A sample of 230 Emiratis from two Emirates, Abu Dhabi and Dubai, was used to investigate the hypothesis. The results showed that WhatsApp was the most frequent SNS used by the respondents. Also, a significant correlation of the intensity of social networking usage and bridging social capital was found, while there was no significant association between SNS usage and bonding social capital. The factors determined the SNSs usage motivations among the respondents were exchange of information, sociability, accessibility, and connections with overseas friends and families. Males were more likely than females to connect with Arab (non-Emiratis) and online bonding social capital. Both genders were the same in their SNSs motivations and online bridging social capital.
The Digital Campfire
Authors: Smed Jouni , Suovuo Tomi “bgt” , Trygg Natasha , Skult Petter , Hakonen Harri
Published: September 2018

Interactive digital storytelling (IDS) allows a human user to become an active part in a story and to affect how the story unfolds. To understand IDS systems, we need to consider the partakers present in them as well as their roles and interconnections. In this chapter, the authors discern four partaking entities—interactor, author, developer, and storyworld—and describe both their affiliated sub-entities as well as their relationship to one another. Based on both reviewing relevant literature and analyzing existing IDS systems, the ontology presented here provides a cohesive view into the current state of both theoretical and practical research.
Differentiation
Authors: Sisk Dorothy A.
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to explore ways teachers can differentiate the curriculum, activities, and materials to help ensure successful learning for students with special needs in the regular classroom. General teaching strategies, academic modification, socialization strategies, and what teachers can do to help students with special needs will be discussed. Students with special needs include students with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disabilities, hearing impaired or deaf, vision impaired, gifted, communication, language and speech disorders, health impaired and physical disabilities, and emotional and behavioral disorders.
CLIL in the Japanese University Context
Authors: Davies Michael James
Published: September 2018

The Japanese education system is currently in the midst of reforms, particularly with regards to way the English language is taught. At the university level, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) is not only endeavoring to improve Japanese students' proficiency in English but also their intercultural communicative competence. This comes at a time when universities in Japan are trying to enhance their international competitiveness in an increasingly globalized world. The chapter argues that the approach to English education known as content and language integrated learning (CLIL), and the principles on which it is based, will help to address many of these issues of concern. By adopting this approach, not only will students be exposed to a more motivating learning experience, they will also be encouraged to critically examine issues from different cultural standpoints. Finally, the chapter examines instances of CLIL in Japanese universities where it is already being used, as well as effective ways in which it can be implemented from now on.
Online Collaborative Learning as a Way of Boosting Language and Teaching Proficiency
Authors: Ariyan Margarita Anastasovna , Gorobinskaya Nadezhda Vladimirovna
Published: September 2018

A pedagogical attempt to increase the effectiveness of foreign language teaching led to pairing Russian students who are obtaining a Master's degree in language teaching methodology with those of a distance department learning English as a foreign language to collaboratively solve educational problems online. As a course instructor plays the role of a facilitator gradually giving students more and more academic freedom, the educational process increases learner autonomy. Current research findings indicate that such a course is effective for both target groups of learners. By directly applying the received competence to online practice, those who study language teaching methodology learn more effectively and acquire new skills associated with successfully working with computer technologies, while those who study by distance learning receive better academic guidance and a more individualized approach from their senior peers.
Social Strategy Use Among Omani Undergraduate Students
Authors: Harish Sindhu
Published: September 2018

This chapter reports on social strategy use among undergraduate students in one of Oman's private universities. It examines interactive strategy use in three main language-learning contexts: in class, on campus outside the classroom, and off campus. Data was collected through interviews and the online questionnaire social strategy inventory for language learning (SSILL). One-hundred twenty-four students enrolled in their second-year diploma program participated in the questionnaire, while 12 were interviewed and administered a mock IELTS exam. Results indicate that participants used all social strategies at only a moderate frequency. It is concluded that different language learning backgrounds, proficiencies, and power relations between students' L1 and English may impede the use of interactive strategies in spite of the supportive classroom environment. The chapter concludes by urging practitioners to pay closer attention to learner identities, power struggles, and group memberships in the English language classroom.
Academic and Personal Impact of Peer Tutoring on the Peer Tutor
Authors: Finlay Susan
Published: September 2018

This chapter features results of a mixed-methods study of the academic and personal impact of peer tutoring on tutors at the Tutorial Centre, Centre for Preparatory Studies at Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. The perceptions of the impact of peer tutoring were gained by interviewing 12 experienced current and former peer tutors who have not yet graduated, that is, former peer tutors who had only recently finished peer tutoring. Transcriptions of the audio-recorded interviews were analyzed using a process of thematic analysis to explore emerging themes. In addition, participants' GPAs before they began tutoring were compared to their current GPAs after they had completed at least two semesters of tutoring through a paired samples t-test. Practical implications of findings for future peer tutoring practice are discussed.
Land Governance and the Information Society
Authors: Timoulali Mohamed
Published: September 2018

In a globalized world evolving into knowledge societies and economies, geographic information plays a very important role, as illustrated by the spatially enabled society (SES) concept. In this context, the role of a modern cadastre in the good governance of land for sustainable development is worth noting. The international and regional agendas and various initiatives related to these themes are examined to deduce the emerging global trends and the possible transformation of the national statistical. One of the prerequisites for an integrated information system is the availability of harmonized data and the interoperability between the various dedicated systems. This depends on the effectiveness of the national statistical system and the establishment of a national spatial infrastructure. The institutional and organizational arrangements for better land governance are discussed. The resulting technological infrastructure to be implemented is then addressed.
A Conceptual Framework for Implementing a Multipurpose Cadastral System in Morocco
Authors: El-Ayachi Moha
Published: September 2018

For a decade, many countries have re-engineered their cadastral systems focusing closely on organizational and technological aspects in order to meet requirements of the new digital era. Appropriate configurations of the cadastral systems have been designed. The cadastral system, as a public institution, has a large relationship with all kinds of customers and includes a number of structural, operational, and functional processes that must be improved. This chapter has the aim to illustrate a new conceptual framework by describing the requirements and the technical perspectives of the Moroccan multipurpose cadastre. Basic concepts are discussed in accordance with various assumptions to provide a deeper understanding of the vision and the new structure. The development of an integrated system for administering land and the establishment of the cadastral information systems are carried out to highlight the fundamental aspects of the multipurpose cadastre.
Modeling Hydrological Functioning of a Drainage Basin With Relation to Land Use Change in the Context of Climate Change
Authors: Rihane Reda , Khattabi Abdellatif , Rifai Nabil , Lahssini Said
Published: September 2018

Ourika basin in Morocco has very steep slopes with impermeable ground favoring water flows and flooding. History has shown deadly flood events. Floods are becoming recurrent and exacerbated not only by human activities that degrade soil and vegetation cover, accelerating erosion and quick water flows, but also by climate change. In fact, the basin has experienced a very strong dynamic of its vegetation cover, during the last 30 years, and has been subject to climate change impacts. This study is devoted to evaluating the impact of land cover change, mainly vegetation cover, on hydrological functioning of the basin. The HEC-HMS model was used to simulate basin hydrological response, according to two scenarios of land cover change. The first scenario simulates deforestation and urbanization impacts on peak flows, showing an increase of the peak flow by 31.68%. The second evaluates the impact of both reforestation actions and proscription of forest harvesting in the region. The simulated results showed a decline of 17.25% in peak flows, except for heavy precipitation events.
Filial Play Therapy Process of a Malaysian Parent
Authors: Baranovich Diana-Lea , Han Cheng Chue
Published: September 2018

In Malaysia, some parents leave the duties of child rearing to their domestic helpers. This can cause much trauma to a preschool child who has been raised by his domestic helper if the domestic helper leaves the family. The domestic helper was the primary caregiver of the child; hence, when the domestic helper leaves, the child feels that his “mother” has abandoned him. This in turn cause the child to respond via very negative acting out behaviors. This chapter presents a case study using filial play therapy as a therapeutic intervention for a pre-school child and his mother after the domestic helper left the family. This therapeutic process enhanced the bonding between the child and his mother. As a result of better bonding, the child's negative behaviors subsided.
Counseling Refugees
Authors: Nunis Ann Nicole
Published: September 2018

This chapter discusses the plight of refugees, the challenges faced, and the psychosocial impact of said challenges. It further provides practitioners with a review of coping methods utilized by refugees throughout the refugee journey in order to highlight possible protective factors practitioners may build on in the provision of mental health services. Lastly, the chapter provides an overview of current therapeutic frameworks that are culturally sensitive for counselling refugees, the challenges in the provision of mental health services, and techniques utilized by practitioners in the delivery of mental health services through evidence of research and case-based examples.
Psychotherapy and Christianity
Authors: Lim Jeremy , Chuah Ke Hui
Published: September 2018

Christianity is counted as one of the biggest religious groups in the world, numbering at over 2 billion individuals who identify themselves with this religion. As of the 2010 census, the Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Portal reported that an estimated 9.2% of the population in Malaysia identified themselves as Christians. In numerical terms, this equates to approximately 3 million individuals spread out all over the Malaysian peninsular as well as Sabah and Sarawak who consider themselves part of the Christian church. This chapter intends to do four things: 1) provide a brief history of the church and Christianity, 2) acquaint the reader with basic Christian beliefs, 3) provide insight into the methods and challenges of working with the population in Malaysia drawing from both local as well as international literature, and 4) provide the implications of the methods and challenges of working with the Christian population.
The Perception of Muslim Clients Towards Non-Muslim Counselors
Authors: Abdullah Siti Salina , Shah Kamarul Md
Published: September 2018

Having a counselor with a different religious background from the client might lead to conflicting perspectives. This chapter intends to explore the perceptive of a Muslim client in choosing a non-Muslim counselor. The concept of helping process, which is highly respectable in the teaching of Islam, is explicated. Muslims are encouraged to help each other, especially those who are in need. Preferably, a non-Muslim counselor should have some basic understanding of the Pillars of Islam prior to conducting a counseling session with a Muslim client. The knowledge will facilitate the counselor understanding process of the clients without bias. It is anticipated that the information presented herewith would benefit non-Muslim counselors and help them in understanding their Muslim clients better. This chapter also examines the cultural issues that may influence the effectiveness of a counseling session between Muslim clients and non-Muslim counselors.
Religion in Therapy
Authors: Kumara Chandana Namal
Published: September 2018

The absence of a central holy scripture in Buddhism and myriad manifestations coalesced into indigenous cultural communities across South and South-East Asia, presenting a formidable challenge to define Buddhism and its practices. This complexity may also be manifested in clients of Theravada background, making them elusive candidates in the therapy room. Complexity notwithstanding, Buddhism offers fertile learning ground for any optimistic multicultural counselor. For the purpose of this chapter, several selected fundamentals of Theravada Buddhism are presented with an emphasis on their possible cultural meanings and on therapeutic utility. This chapter is written from the perspective of Theravada school of Buddhism as it is taught, practiced, and seen in South-East Asia. The author's knowledge and personal experience in Buddhism as a former Buddhist monk, experience of Buddhism as a lay practitioner now, and as a practicing counselor inevitably influence, inspire, and may even limit the parameters of this chapter.
Adolescent Self-Consciousness and the En Fusion
Authors: Wilson John Graham
Published: September 2018

This chapter aims to bypass the problem of categorizations for the young, offer an explanation of the en fusion as a quasi-organizational force in relation to youth association, and consider what kind of self-consciousness may be said to have developed amongst adolescents and whether any reflexive self-consciousness can act as a quasi-political force running against media manipulation.
Go Back to Where You Came From
Authors: Hochschild Jr. Thomas R. , Alvarez-Rivera Lorna L. , McIntyre Jr. R. Neal
Published: September 2018

Peer victimization is a problem for children across all demographic categories; however, peer victimization of racial and ethnic minority students is a unique problem that requires analysis and targeted intervention strategies. Racial and ethnic minority students endure a particular form of victimization whereby children target each other's ancestry, physical features, religion, cultural traditions, and immigration status. In this chapter, the authors discuss several types of racial/ethnic peer victimization. Next, they examine data pertaining to racial/ethnic victimization among children in the United States. This section includes reports of a recent uptick in racial/ethnic harassment associated with the candidacy and election of President Donald Trump. The authors use cognitive development theory, social reflection theory, and social identity theory to shed light on the causes of racial/ethnic peer victimization. Finally, they outline three leading anti-victimization programs that could be implemented to reduce racial/ethnic peer victimization among children.
A Threat Assessment Model for Posts in The Online Sphere
Authors: Kerr Selina E. M. , O'Grady Mary Ann
Published: September 2018

Since it has been suggested that social media offers an unprecedented view into the mindset of “persons of concern” with regards to mass shooters, this research study focuses on the comments about “school shootings” expressed on the social media and video sharing website YouTube. As a form of targeted violence that tends to be planned well in advance of the attack, there are opportunities to intervene and assess a school shooting threat before it transpires. Since previous studies have purported that the majority of school shooters had communicated their intention to carry out their attack in advance of it occurring—something which has become known by the term “leakage”—the authors have chosen to develop the foundation for a threat assessment model that is based upon the internet postings that relate to school shootings. The proposed model entitled “online threat assessment of school shooters” (OTASS) could be a tentative starting point for carrying out assessments of threats into online postings.
Law Enforcement's Impact on School Violence
Authors: Grant Tanya M. , Fidler Jessica
Published: September 2018

Since the 1980s, school violence has been prominent in society and is gradually increasing in occurrence. In 1999, the Columbine High School shooting shocked the country demonstrating how deadly school violence can be, with a death count of 13 total people, including 12 students and 1 teacher. The next prominent occurrence was in 2005 on the Red Lake Indian Reservation, where 10 people were killed at the hands of a 16-year-old student. Another more recent act of school violence was in 2012 in Newtown, Connecticut, at Sandy Hook Elementary School. There, the shooter killed 28 people including children and teachers inside the school and his mother. And the latest horrific incidence of this kind took place at the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, in February of 2018. The shooter took the lives of 14 students and 3 school employees. As a response to these shootings, law enforcement has collaborated with schools to implement the use of school resource officers, emergency evaluation/reaction drills, and new policies regarding school violence.
The Relationship Between Tracking and School Violence
Authors: Keenan Sheri Jenkins , Rush Jeffrey P.
Published: September 2018

Tracking in the American education is where students are formally assigned/labeled college prep, general, or vocational. In some areas of the United States, tracking/labeling begins as early as kindergarten. IQ and early achievement tests designed to measure “ability” determine track/label placement in the elementary school years, thus setting in place an educational trajectory for the students' educational tenure. Social reaction or labeling theory holds that criminality is promoted by becoming negatively labeled by significant others. Labels such as “gifted,” “honors,” “average,” “remedial” give certification of overall ability or worth. These labels teach students that if the school does not identify them as capable in earlier grades, they should not expect to do well later. Such labels isolate kids from society and lock them into lives of antisocial behaviors. Labels create expectations that the labeled person will act in a certain way. Eventually these students begin to accept their labels as personal identities, locking them further into lives of crime and deviance.
Keeping Rural Schools Safe
Authors: Prine Rudy , Ballard Chet
Published: September 2018

The authors examine school safety and violence prevention among school superintendents in Georgia's rural public schools spanning three decades. Survey data from 1995, 2005, and 2015 provide points of comparison and contrast regarding efforts by school superintendents to keep schools safe. School superintendents are in positions with the best vantage point to know the strategies and techniques being used to protect students, faculty, staff, administrators, and visitors from crime and violence on school grounds. The longitudinal research design provides a means to sort out changes in school security technologies and shifts in policies and procedures implemented to keep students safe from harm. The authors find that rural public schools have been safe and remain so. The impact of globalization and social media present new challenges for rural school superintendents who recognize that schools are soft targets for those motivated to bring violence to school.
The Role of Teachers and School Leaders in K-12 School Violence
Authors: Lamphere Renee D. , Lucas Kweilin T.
Published: September 2018

While data regarding school violence are gathered on a regular basis, noticeably missing from the literature are incidents that involve violence directed toward K-12 teachers and school leaders. The scarce evidence that does exist regarding this phenomenon suggests that this population is targeted more often than one may think, and they suffer from great harm as a result of various violent behaviors such as harassment, verbal threats and intimidation, bullying, property offenses, and physical attacks. Since very little is known about violence that is directed toward K-12 teachers and school leaders, there is a significant need for more research in this area in order to provide a more comprehensive view of school violence and to develop policies and formulate effective solutions. Addressing these issues will not only allow teachers and school leaders to perform to the best of their abilities, but school environments will be safer so that learning can take place without the interruption of violence.
Developing Strategic Response and Action Plans for School Emergencies
Authors: Lewis Michael R.
Published: September 2018

Emergency management professionals at the local, state, and federal levels of government have been augmented through the use of nonprofit organizations, private organizations, and organized and unorganized volunteers to assist with planning, response, and recovery efforts in preparation for resolving school violence and related emergencies. The first responder, which includes police, fire, EMS, and public health professionals, is America's first line of defense during emergency events, and have become a critical component when responding to school emergency situations. This chapter explores developing strategic response and actions plans for school emergencies.
Scientific Practices and Skills Supported by a Problem-Based Learning Approach
Authors: Bowen Christopher
Published: September 2018

In the era of education reform, most educators face the pressures of standardized tests and state accountability measures. Because of these demands and other factors, students often experience classroom lessons that minimally disturb the surface of knowledge acquisition. The adoption of rigorous three-dimensional science standards poses additional challenges to practitioners; one of these challenges is the pedagogical shift from rote memorization of science facts toward participation in scientific practices through cross-curricular investigations. In this chapter, the author discusses several research-based practices and skills that he uses in his classroom to better prepare students for 21st century careers: analogies, models, creativity, cultural identity, and discourse.
Virtually Authentic
Authors: Eubanks Kari M. , Lamie Scott T.
Published: September 2018

This chapter addresses the process of creating cross-curricular projects in an online environment, specifically the considerations, constraints, and methodologies. It discusses how to approach this type of learning through the lens of students' technology literacies, providing meaningful connections to digital pathways with which students are already engaged and authentic learning. The chapter also describes a digital makerspace as an avenue for student learning to take place. Finally, the authors present a student project that represents a culmination of these techniques. The project uses the engineering design process to blend both science and English language arts practices using side-by-side inquiry and the digital makerspace as a presentation medium.
The Seeing of Self and Society in Science
Authors: Royce Christine Anne
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents strategies for integrating selected practices from the English Language Arts Common Core Standards and the scientific and engineering practices from the Next Generation Science Standards through the use of historical narratives and biographies. The use of trade books as information sources provides avenues which allow students to make connections to the people and places of science. Through selected texts such as Chasing Space, Hidden Figures, and topics such as Typhoid Mary, students engage in examining science content, the lives of scientists, and the history and nature of science. Reading purposes, learning vocabulary in context, viewing narratives from different perspectives, and making personal connections are strategies discussed and modeled through current books. Teachers are provided with strategies to engage the reader, suggested activities for each area, and recommendations on how to utilize trade books within the classroom.