bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fernanda Jacobsen and the Scottish Ambulance Unit during the Spanish Civil War (1936–39)
Authors: Palfreeman Linda
Published: December 2018

When Civil War broke out in Spain in July 1936, the Republic made a worldwide plea for humanitarian assistance. Many thousands of people around the world rallied to the call, the Scottish Ambulance Unit among them. The only woman in the twenty-strong team was the unit’s commandant, Fernanda Jacobsen. She would remain at the unit’s helm on each of its successive expeditions to Spain, spanning a period of roughly two years, from September 1936 to July 1938. Despite its tremendous and sustained humanitarian contribution in and around the besieged Spanish capital of Madrid, the Scottish unit has not received the recognition afforded similar enterprises in the now vast literature on the Spanish Civil War. This article will examine the possible reasons for this. It will discuss previously unexplored documentary evidence and re-examine existing records in an attempt to shed light on the causes of internal struggles in the unit that led, eventually, to the resignation of some of its members.
The beach as microcosm of a cosmopolitan city: Imagining and experiencing urban encounters at Trieste’s Pedocin beach
Authors: van Hout Milou
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on the nature of beaches as places of urban encounters, critically examining the cosmopolitanized discourse of Trieste’s urban identity by exploring the dynamics of urban ‘world-making’ at Trieste’s Pedocin beach. The analysis focuses on the ways in which the recent documentary L’Ultima Spiaggia (The Last Resort) (Anastopoulos and Del Degan, 2016) moves away from the poetic elite imaginations that have fashioned cultural narratives of Trieste. The film represents a cosmopolitan experience, which, for Trieste’s beachgoers, is not enclosed in the moment of encounter with diversity and the other. Cosmopolitanism, here, is rather the individual capacity to live between the overlapping urban realities that the triestini inhabit, and yet within their own internal moment.
Of ‘Godziners’ and ‘Designer Citizens’: The emergence of designers as political subjects in Cape Town
Authors: Nkula-Wenz Laura
Published: December 2018

Over the course of 2011, the City of Cape Town bid for, and eventually won the title of World Design Capital 2014. This article discusses how the ‘idea of design’ emerged as a new governmental rationality and mode of subjectivation, positing the local ‘design community’ as an indispensable macro-actor of local development and policy production. It unpacks the various (self-)ascriptions and socio-economic aspirations pinned to the notion of design and its actionable subjectivity, the designer. While recognizing that the idea of design has raised hopes for innovative solutions that could help to address Cape Town’s most pervasive urban challenges, the article ultimately questions whether real change ‘by design’ can be attained without designers acknowledging and (self-)critically engaging with the political dimension of their work.
Mobile worlding: Exploring the trans-urban circulation and the interconnectedness of migrants’ urban world-making practices
Authors: Beeckmans Luce
Published: December 2018

This short-form article considers the concept of ‘mobile worlding’ in relation to migrants’ world-making practices. Yet, instead of the conventional focus on the transnational cultural exchange between migrants’ home and host countries, this article theorizes the trans-urban circulation and interconnectedness of migrants’ urban world-making practices across cities in Europe. It reflects on how migrants’ urban world-making practices may be conceptualized as ‘practices of citation and reference in a world of inter-connected urbanism’ or a ‘mobile urbanism’ from below (McCann et al. and McCann and Ward). In this article, examples of urban world-making practices of African diaspora are discussed, highlighting the author’s own research on religious place-making in European cities, as well as other instances of ‘mobile worlding’ that are not yet conceptualized as such, for instance hip-hop and fashion.
Indigenous radio and digital media: Tautoko FM’s national and transnational audiences
Authors: de Bruin Joost , Mane Jo
Published: December 2018

In this article, we posit that Māori radio as it is structured in Aotearoa/New Zealand is at the same time national, international and transnational. Based on a research project that we carried out with the radio station Tautoko FM, we show that this station caters for national Ngāpuhi audiences, that it engages in international networking with other iwi-based radio stations and that it has invested in transnational connections with diasporic audiences. As a result, it has constructed a public sphere for both national and transnational indigenous audiences. This is facilitated by the changing nature of radio as a medium, which is evolving into a multimedia experience incorporating broadcasting, live streaming, websites and social media. Māori radio in Aotearoa/New Zealand is one example of a global trend in which indigenous communities have adapted new media technologies to re-centre notions of national identity. The digital media landscape allows them to form indigenous media networks, to narrate indigenous experiences in new ways and to acquire attention for indigenous struggles.
Ancient History interdisciplinary approaches urban rural "&" social landscapes
Authors: Soares Carmen , Brandão José Luís , Carvalho Pedro
Published: December 2018

O estudo da História Antiga é um processo que envolve diversas áreas do saber, variados métodos, diversos tipos de fontes e que implica, por vezes, comparações com outras civilizações da antiguidade ou de outras épocas. Os textos historiográficos suscitam uma metódica crítica na qual entram os dados da arqueologia, mas também da literatura, e, dentro desta, do teatro, da retórica, dos diálogos e dos tratados específicos das várias disciplinas. Como reflexo de tal multidisciplinaridade, neste volume compila-se uma série de textos em que a História Antiga entra em diálogo com outras áreas temáticas, a saber: hermenêutica das fontes, literatura e artes, retórica política, filosofia, religião e receção da História Antiga na modernidade.
La lengua del boxeo. Procedimientos de formación léxica
Authors: Ayuso Collantes Clara
Published: December 2018

El boxeo es un deporte foráneo que se introdujo en España a finales del XIX y principios del XX siguiendo modelos ingleses, sobre todo, y franceses, de los que primordialmente tomó el lenguaje. De cómo nace, penetra, se adapta, se crea y se expande este lenguaje en el castellano, en sus distintos niveles y con distintos procedimientos, trata este artículo. Para ello se hace un repaso descriptivo a los modos de formación neológica más comunes de que hace gala, tanto a sus componentes léxicos, en la que entrarían los préstamos y adaptaciones, los calcos y las creaciones propias, como a los morfológicos, con formas de derivación y composición, así como a los morfosintácticas: locuciones y elipsis, y a los de inspiración semántica: metáforas y metonimias.
Peticiones en la conversación en lengua china: metodología para la comparación interlingüística
Authors: Querol bataller Maria
Published: December 2018

El fin del presente trabajo es contribuir al desarrollo de los estudios de pragmática intercultural, especialmente en lo que a la lengua china y española se refiere. Con este fin se analiza, desde la perspectiva hispanohablante, la realización de un tipo de acto de habla, las peticiones, en el discurso conversacional oral en lengua china obtenido a partir de la transcripción de varios capítulos de la serie 匆匆那年：好久不见 (Back In Time: Long Time No See). Los resultados del análisis propuesto, así como la referencia a los obtenidos en otras investigaciones análogas, muestran, además de una aproximación al habla real de los hablantes chinos, algunas claves metodológicas que permitirían la interpretación de los resultados en investigaciones particulares, así como la extrapolación y comparación de las conclusiones.
Lexical encapsulation and evaluation in parliamentary debate
Authors: Ribera Josep E. , Marín Maria Josep
Published: December 2018

Lexical encapsulation consists of a series of abstract unspecific nouns (fact, plan...) referring to predicative antecedents. This study is based on a corpus of parliamentary debate in English, Catalan and Spanish (PD) and deals with encapsulation as a complex lexical cohesion device which allows the addressor to evaluate the information of the debates in various ways. Our work tries to highlight the role of lexical encapsulation to reflect the addressor’s positioning with respect to the topic discussed, and to establish whether there are outstanding cross-linguistic differences. In order to delimit the diverse evaluative strategies, an approach from the perspective of prototype theory is adopted, since there are fuzzy boundaries among the different evaluative operations observed. Firstly, the distinction between implicit and explicit evaluation is established. As for explicit evaluation, two different operations are described: objectivizing and subjectivizing encapsulation. The objectivizing one works as a subtle strategy of persuasion addressed mostly to the opponents, whereas the subjectivizing encapsulating structures point to rally the unconditional allies. The results show similar trends in the three languages due to the homogenizing potential of PD as a distinct genre of political discourse.
El desarrollo de perífrasis incoativas cuasi-sinónimas: entre construccionalización y lexicalización
Authors: Enghels Renata , Vanhulle Sven
Published: December 2018

Este estudio se concentra en la evolución de las perífrasis incoativas en español. En estas construcciones, verbos de colocación (ponerse), de cambio (romper) o de movimiento (echarse) funcionan como auxiliar, combinándose con un infinitivo subordinado al que añade significado aspectual. El artículo pretende (i) analizar el origen y la evolución funcional y formal de una variante poco estudiada, romper a + infinitivo, (ii) fijar con más precisión el tipo de cambio lingüístico que ilustra, lexicalización o construccionalización, y (iii) contestar a la pregunta de hasta qué punto perífrasis cuasi-sinónimas se han desarrollado en paralelo. Se exponen los resultados de un análisis comparativo diacrónico de tres perífrasis incoativas entre los siglos XIII y XXI. Está demostrado que el esquema incoativo se ha desarrollado a partir de verbos de colocación y que posteriormente se abre a incluir otros tipos léxicos. Para explicar el proceso de cambio, ambos modelos, construccionalización y lexicalización, son imprescindibles.
La presencia de calcos estructurales y semánticos en Twitter: el caso del español de Cataluña
Authors: García Rodríguez Joseph
Published: December 2018

En este artículo pretendemos contribuir al avance de las características propias del español de Cataluña a partir del análisis de 21 verbos y expresiones verbales que suelen presentar alguna especificidad en el uso por el contacto entre el español y el catalán. La novedad de este estudio reside, sobre todo, en los datos aportados acerca del contacto entre estas dos lenguas en una de las redes sociales más conocidas y utilizadas por los internautas: Twitter; así como su proyección en las formas verbales. A través de la información obtenida podremos describir con detenimiento la influencia que ejerce el catalán sobre el español y analizar los calcos estructurales y semánticos que aparecen. Asimismo, en la parte teórica aportamos datos que demuestran la importancia de las redes sociales en la comunicación actual. Todo esto nos ayudará a establecer el punto de partida de nuestro análisis.
Attitudes of hotel managers towards reviews
Authors: Bertan Serkan , Altintas Volkan
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the attitudes of hotel managers towards online reviews. The sample of this quantitative study consists of all the 4 and 5 star hotels in Turkey which have tourism operation licences. The questionnaire form designed for this study is sent to hotel managers in Turkey via electronic mail. The questionnaire form is sent to the entire 4 and 5 star hotels with tourism establishment licenses in three different times in 2016 because of remind. The number of collected questionnaire forms are 155, but 120 of them is regarded as valid and included in the analyses. The data is analysed by SPSS 16. After the analyses, it is found that there is a relationship between hotel and users and responding. The results of this study provide valuable information that can be useful for hotel managers in terms of customer retention.
Turismo residencial y gentrificación rural
Authors: Roig-Munar Francesc Xavier
Published: December 2018

Reseña del libro: Jordi Gascón y Ernest Cañada (20216). Turismo residencial y gentrificación rural. Pasos Edita. ISBN: 978-84-88429-31-5, 126 pp.
Context and object
Authors: Földes Tibor
Published: December 2018

The semantic structure of demonstrative and indexical linguistic signs encodes the subject’s ties to reality. These are statements that one can understand without knowing the spatial and temporal coordinates of the subject or the object, or any of their descriptive content. These challenging semantic features make them the target of 20th century language philosophy. On the one hand, the classical notion of meaning becomes untenable because it packs into one single entity the concepts of cognitive value, proposition, and propositional attitude. On the other hand, indexes play a part in the Kripke-Putnam turn that disrupts the unity of imaginability, modality and meaning.
Intention in the act of creation and reception
Authors: Horváth Henrietta
Published: December 2018

The paper investigates the creative process and the act of reception by an artist. As the creative artist as a receiver of his/her own art has a preliminary understanding of his own work of art, his/her process of reception differs from that of a non-artist. Expression plays a vital role both in the process of creation and reception, therefore I study the intention of expression on the part of the artist, the receiver, and the artist as receiver, respectively. The paper claims that the receiver artist has to fight against his previous self and work.
The incomprehensibility of the infinite in Pascal and Descartes
Authors: Pavlovits Tamás
Published: December 2018

Pascal and Descartes represent two basically different understandings of the infinite. Pascal considers nature to be infinite and does not use the term in connection to God, while Descartes claims the infinite can be the attribute of God only, and nature should be called boundless. However, the epistemological function of the infinite is similar for both authors. For both Pascal and Descartes the infinite is to be comprehended through its obvious presence (evidence), but as it is incommensurable with the finite mind, it remains incomprehensible.
The Heideggerian critique of Kant’s moral subject
Authors: Tóth Gábor
Published: December 2018

The paper discusses Kant’s concept of the subject through Heideger’s critique. Heidegger deconstructs the structure of Kant’s idea of personal identity as the moral subject. In the 13th paragraph of The Basic Problems of Phenomenology (1927), Heidegger distinguishes three basic aspects of Kant’s idea of the self: the personalitas transcendentalis, the personalitas psychologica, and the personalitas moralis. The personalitas moralis is defined as the sphere of pure morality, the intelligible realm of freedom. This is an aspect of the individual beyond physical features and also beyond the determinism of laws of nature. The causality by freedom forms the basis of practical actions ordered by moral law. Therefore, it acts as the highest level determinism of Being in human existence. Heidegger’s conclusion shows Kant’s failure in delineating a functional model of the moral subject but accepts Kant’s contribution to laying the foundations of such a theory.
The mystique of the self in German preromanticism
Authors: Tánczos Péter
Published: December 2018

The paper surveys the extent of the connection between German idealism and Preromanticism on the one hand, and Medieval mysticism on the other.  For the Romantic model of identity and subjectivity in Novalis and Schlegel, Fichte’s idealist position remains a starting point, as changes of terminology and approach have changed the way the Self was articulated very considerably.

This shift in meaning is the beginning of Romanticism, but despite its significance, the change has its precursors. The desire towards the absolute, the shifting value of religious experience, positing identity without objectification are all positions that can already be found in Medieval thinkers like Eckhardt and Böhme. In some cases, one can even locate a direct connection. The paper focuses on how the connection between Medieval philosophers’ paradox ideas on non-being and emptiness relate to theories of the self in preromantic authors.
Irony as both tragedy and comedy
Authors: Sós Csaba
Published: December 2018

The paper investigates the connection of the concept of irony to that of tragedy and comedy. The connections are surveyed through three different theories of irony (Muecke, de Man, Rorty). I argue that Muecke’s and de Man’s concepts of irony are related to the notion of tragedy, while Rorty’s concept of irony can be related to the notion of comedy instead. The discussion includes the description of the ironic person and of the social dimensions of irony.
No reason for optimism or against Duns Scotus. József Simon: Openness for Being
Authors: Lamár Erzsébet
Published: December 2018

No reason for optimism or against Duns Scotus. József Simon: Openness for Being. (Review)

Simon József: Létre nyílt lehetőség, Budapest, L'Harmattan, 2012.
The prophet and divine vision in Raffaello’s art. Daniel Arasse: Raffaello’s Visions.
Authors: Vörös Lilla
Published: December 2018

The prophet and divine vision in Raffaello’s art. Daniel Arasse: Raffaello’s Visions. (Review)

Arasse, Daniel: Raffaello’s Visions. Trans. Pataki Pál. Budapest, Typotex, 2013.
The figure of the wise man in Pensées
Authors: Hélène Michon
Published: December 2018

Wisdom has several different meanings in Pascal because it appears to belong to all three orders: the order of the body, of reason, and of the heart, too. The paper investigates the term wise man and wisdom in Pensées.
Pascal’s psychology and functions of the human will
Authors: Dékány András
Published: December 2018

The paper investigates Pascal’s notion of the will in detail. The main question of the study concerns Pascal’s relation to the Aristotelian legacy of relating reason to the will, a legacy that had been pursued by philosophers up until Pascal. The paper claims that Pascal breaks away from this tradition when he adopts the idea of the order of the heart and relates the notion of the will to that of love.
The unity of the broken whole – Sajó Sándor, Almost Everything: the dialectics of broken totality.
Authors: Tóth Gábor
Published: December 2018

The unity of the broken whole – Sajó Sándor: Almost Everything: the dialectics of broken totality. (Review)

Sajó Sándor: Almost Everything: the dialectics of broken totality. Budapest, L’Harmattan, 2014. pp. 174.
Knowing ignorance and ignoring knowledge – Gábor Forrai, Contemporary views of knowledge.
Authors: Herczegh Máté
Published: December 2018

Knowing ignorance and ignoring knowledge – Gábor Forrai: Contemporary views of knowledge. (Review)

Gábor Forrai: Contemporary views of knowledge. Budapest, L’Harmattan, 2014. pp. 224.
Pros and cons of reason – Tamás Ullmann, Dimensions of Reason
Authors: Marosán Bence
Published: December 2018

Pros and cons of reason – Tamás Ullmann: Dimensions of Reason.

Ullmann Tamás: Dimensions of Reason. Budapest, L’Harmattan, 2012. pp. 322.
The Necessity of the Work of Art
Authors: Eged Dalma
Published: December 2018

For Deleuze in What is Philosophy (1991) art is differentiated both from philosophy and science through the concept of the possible. According to Deleuze’s model, all three areas produce alternate possible versions of life, but while philosophy is related to life through virtuality and science through actuality, art is related to life through possibility. Ronald Bogue in his article titled “The Art of the Possible” (2007) expands on Deleuze’s approach and claims that Deleuze’s concept “the possible” is a category on the same level as “the virtual” and “the actual.” The article claims that contrary to Bogue’s view, in art the possible is not so much a feature but rather a condition of art for Deleuze, because in Deleuze’s model art is featured most importantly by necessity.  

Keywords: Deleuze, philosophy, science, art, the possible, art as necessity
John Ruskin the Forgotten Art Theorist
Authors: Gyenge Zoltán
Published: December 2018

The paper discusses the relationship of art and reality in John Ruskin’s life and writings. It highlights the importance Ruskin bestowed upon art and applied art (design) amidst the rapid industrialization and social changes of the Victorian era through discussions of his relation both to the Pre-Raphaelite movement and to William Turner. The paper includes a survey of Ruskin’s Hungarian reception that focuses on his special relation to Nature in making applied art. This is enhanced by considering Ruskin’s non-systematic commentaries on art from the perspective of key Romantic theories of art.
Művészet és praxis
Authors: Czeglédi András
Published: December 2018

A tematikus szám az európai művészetbölcselet patinás múltra visszatekintő, egyben jelentős kortárs téttel bíró problémájához kapcsolódik: művészet és praxis viszonyán töprengenek el az egyes tanulmányok.

E viszony legalább négy lényegi aspektusára világítanak rá a szerzők. Egyfelől a műalkotások ontológiájára, másfelől arra az episztemikus gyakorlatra, amelynek révén műalkotásokat műalkotásokként ismerünk föl, harmadrészt arra a közösségi-társadalmi praxisra, amely egyáltalán műalkotásokat eredményez, s negyedrészt a gyakorló alkotók és a művészi gyakorlat (ön)értelmezésére.
Értelem és érzelem: megjegyzések Husserl és Heidegger érzelem-elméletéhez
Authors: Marosán Bence Péter
Published: December 2018

A tanulmányban Edmund Husserl és Martin Heidegger érzelemelméletének bizonyos hasonlóságait és különbségeit szeretném megvizsgálni. Első pillantásra úgy tűnik, hogy Heideggernél az érzelem, illetve a hangoltságként értett hangulat, jóval fontosabb szerepet tölt be, mint Husserlnél. Heideggernél az érzelem, a hangoltság, a gondolkodás és a nyelv mellett, azon egzisztenciális alapmódok közé tartozik, melyek együttesen értelmezik, feltárják az ember számára a világot. A közelebbi vizsgálat azt mutatja, hogy Husserlnél is meghökkentően hasonló funkcióval bír a hangulat – már Heidegger előtt is, a publikálatlan kutatási kéziratokban.

Szeretném megmutatni azt a bonyolult utat, amit az érzelmek (illetve a hangulat) felfogása a két szerzőnél bejárt; illetve a két szerző nyomán szeretnék rámutatni arra az alapvető szerepre, amit az érzelem a teoretikus és a teória előtti, hétköznapi tapasztalat szempontjából betölt.
Áramlatok és uszadékfák – Schmal Dániel: Az elme filozófiája a kora újkorban. A test-lélek probléma
Authors: Tóth Olivér István
Published: December 2018

Recenzió Schmal Dániel: Az elme filozófiája a kora újkorban. A test–lélek probléma című könyvéről. 

Schmal Dániel: Az elme filozófiája a kora újkorban. A test–lélek probléma. Budapest, Gondolat Kiadó, 2015.
Next Generation Sequencing in Molecular Diagnosis of Lynch Syndrome – a Pilot Study Using New Stratification Criteria
Authors: Kašubová Ivana , Holubeková Veronika , Janíková Katarína , Váňová Barbora , Sňahničanová Zuzana , Kalman Michal , Plank Lukáš , Lasabová Zora
Published: December 2018

The development of the new technologies such as the next-generation sequencing (NGS) makes more accessible the diagnosis of genetically heterogeneous diseases such as Lynch syndrome (LS). LS is one of the most common hereditary form of colorectal cancer. This autosomal dominant inherited disorder is caused by deleterious germline mutations in one of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes – MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2, or the deletion in the EPCAM gene. These mutations eventually result in microsatellite instability (MSI), which can be easily tested in tumor tissue. According to the actual recommendations, all patients with CRC that are suspect to have LS, should be offered the MSI testing. When the MSI is positive, these patients should be recommended to genetic counseling. Here we report a pilot study about the application of NGS in the LS diagnosis in patients considered to have sporadic colorectal cancer. The inclusion criteria for the NGS testing were MSI positivity, BRAF V600E and MHL1 methylation negativity. We have used 5 gene amplicon based massive parallel sequencing on MiSeq platform. In one patient, we have identified a new pathogenic mutation in the exon 4 of the MSH6 gene that was previously not described in ClinVar, Human Gene Mutation Database, Ensembl and InSight databases. This mutation was confirmed by the Sanger method. We have shown that the implementation of new criteria for colorectal patients screening are important in clinical praxis and the NGS gene panel testing is suitable for routine laboratory settings.
Quality of Life after Reconstructive Surgery for Intestinal Fistulas
Authors: Kaška Milan , Chobola Milan , Skalská Hana , Maňák Jan , Sobotka Luboš
Published: December 2018

Background: This retrospective clinical study would like to objectively denote a quality of life of persons afflicted by an abdominal catastrophe and managed by an extensive surgery can be almost as well conformable as those of healthy people in a similar age group. Methods: A set of eighteen patients who were successfully surgically treated and cured enjoyed a relatively good convalescence after their surgery and returned to a satisfactory standard of life from the point of view of organ function and psychosomatic state. Statistical analysis of the data collected over a period of 1 to 6 years after this complex therapy using special questionnaire for QOL assessment SF-36 was performed. Results: Almost half of the patients evaluated their state similarly to the rest of the population of comparable age and general health status. The remainder of the patients declared significantly worse evaluations in the majority of the observed domains of the questionnaire. Conclusion: Therapy of these patients was and must be complex: it included preparation for surgery at a special metabolic internal site, careful diagnostics of the digestive tract state, suitable surgery and good quality care after the surgery.
Działalność gospodarcza samorządu gminnego w RFN
Authors: Balcerek-Kosiarz Marta
Published: December 2018

Brak środków finansowych na realizację zadań publicznych przekazanych w ustawach, wysokie raty spłaty zadłużenia, spadające zyski z inwestycji, wzrastające wydatki na personel administracyjny, brak polityki generowania przychodów, decyzje państwa federalnego oraz krajów związkowych o podatkach oraz ograniczenie publicznego zadłużenia doprowadziły do poszukiwania innych źródeł finansowania potrzeb członków wspólnot lokalnych. Jednym z nich jest prowadzenie przez samorząd terytorialny działalności gospodarczej. W artykule przedstawiono następujące zagadnienia: podstawy prawne działalności gospodarczej, pojęcie działalności gospodarczej, zakres jej wykonywania oraz formy organizacyjno-prawne, za pomocą których jednostki samorządu terytorialnego prowadzą działalność gospodarczą.
Greckie terminale LNG w polityce energetycznej państw południowo-wschodniej Europy
Authors: Skarżyński Mirosław
Published: December 2018

W artykule przedstawiono zasadnicze założenia polityki energetycznej Grecji. Scharakteryzowano konstrukcję i uwarunkowania eksploatacji greckich terminali LNG. Wyjaśniono ich rolę w południowo-wschodniej Europie. W podsumowaniu dokonano rekapitulacji rozważań.
Пресловутое „как бы” — слово-паразит или полноценное дискурсив- ное слово?
Authors: Быкова Лилия
Published: December 2018

The article synthesizes, organizes and in many ways reveals and defines the conventionally invariant and derivative values (senses) of the hyperfrequency particle 'AS IF (КАК БЫ)' using as its material various discourses in the modern Russian language. Anthropological and phenomenological study revealing the pragmatic strategy of the speaker's approach to the texts, substantiated the hypothesis of the permanent dialogical, situational significance of this specific discourse phrase, even in cases when it reveals the physiological aspects of speaking. On the surface, the explanation of the reasons for the high frequency use of 'as if' is based on socio-political factors. At the same time, the ”byte of uncertainty” of our time correlates with the categories of contemporary postmodernist consciousness with its freedom from the unambiguous connection of the word with the denoter and, as a consequence, with the loss of uniqueness and certainty.
Pisownia afrykat „c” i „č” w Ewangeliarzu Tip-7 ze zbioru Rosyjskiego Państwowego Archiwum Akt Dawnych f. 381, nr 7
Authors: Szwed Zofia
Published: December 2018

The paper touches upon the phenomenon of interchanging consonants c and č in the text of the full lectionary from the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts in Moscow. The research aims at establishing orthographical rules which were followed by the writers of the book, as well as at defining the number and categories of mistakes which were made by the writers while breaking the aforementioned rules. The research findings amount to a linguistic confirmation of the northern origins of the Gospel Book Tip-7. Moreover, the results are the basis for assessing the level of the writers’ professionalism and for comparing this old text with other manuscripts created in similar locations and times.
Иллюзия иностранной речи в структуре текстов Михаила Зощенко
Authors: Wierzbiński Jarosław
Published: December 2018

Mikhail Zoshchenko creates specific configurations of word and stylistic constructions using foreign-language parentheses in form of separate lexems, expressions and syntactic structures inserted into passages of a protagonist’s speech. The phenomenon of compilation of Russian and foreign-language forms [or quasi-foreign — taking into consideration the significant number of distortions] can be illustrated by the short story ‘История с переодеванием’. The interlocutors in the text, who in fact cannot speak any foreign language, pretend to use ‘foreign’ words and expressions, involving themselves in a specific verbal game. Their dialogue consists of collocations carried to absurdity, for example: ‘...их бин ейне шамбер-циммер Испания. Компрене? Испания. Падеспань’; ‘Ву зет Германия, одер, может быть, что-нибудь другое?’. Such words and foreign illogical collocations appear to be a unique stylistic device in Zoshchenko’s texts. Their specific features are determined by foreign lexical units usually belonging to several languages. Most frequent are syntactic structures containing Germanisms and Gallicisms. What is more, in Zoshchenko’s texts the foreign parenthetic words and expressions are used exclusively in Russian graphics, which leads to certain changes and modifications of their semantic and phonetic structures according to the model of the Russian language. Transliteration does not reflect the adequate articulation of foreign words and, consequently, results in grotesque effects.
Номинации социологических страт: коннотации и оценка
Authors: Фролова Ольга
Published: December 2018

The article examines the semantics of social status nominations in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The values of nouns of the nobility, peasants, serfs, merchants, courtiers, and intellectuals are analyzed. Using material from the National Russian Corpus, word combinations with these adjectives are considered, which allows us to reveal the connotations of social status. The adjective 'courtier' has formed the meaning 'close to the power and serving its interests', because it is freely combined with the names of professions whose representatives are deprived of an independent position: journalist, sociologist, director.
Pravastatin attenuates testicular damage induced by doxorubicin – a stereological and histopatological study
Authors: Farsani Bahram Eslami , Karimi Samaneh , Mansouri Esrafil
Published: December 2018

Background

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of pravastatin (PS) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced testicular toxicity.

Methods

A total of 24 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into four groups. Group I received normal saline, Group II received PS (20 mg/kg b.w.) by gavage, Group III was treated with DOX alone (15 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) and Group IV received the combination of DOX and PS.

Results

After 8 weeks, the results displayed that DOX caused a decrease in testicular volume and index, epididymal sperm count, seminiferous tubule diameter and germinal epithelium. DOX also reduced the number of spermatogonia, spermatoctyes and Sertoli cells as well as increased the lumen diameter of seminiferous tubules (p<0.05) and the incidence of histopathological changes of the testis. Moreover, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and declined glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed (p<0.05). On the contrary, PS treatment significantly ameliorated nearly all of these abnormalities (p<0.05).

Conclusions

PS protects against DOX-induced testicular toxicity in rats, which is likely via the inhibition of oxidative stress and the increase of antioxidant enzyme activity.
Using reliable predator identification to investigate feeding habits of Neotropical carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora) in a deforestation frontier of the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Tirelli Flávia P. , de Freitas Thales R.O. , Michalski Fernanda , Percequillo Alexandre R. , Eizirik Eduardo
Published: December 2018

Accurate identification of predator species is a critical requirement to investigate their diet using faecal samples. We used non-invasive sampling and two methods of predator identification to investigate the diets of sympatric carnivores in a highly deforested region of the Brazilian Amazon. Of 108 scats, 81 could be identified at the species level using DNA sequencing and/or trichology. The former performed better than the latter (81.5% vs. 54.3% of the identified samples), and results were quite congruent (89.7% concordance in the 29 samples that could be assessed with both approaches). Nine species were identified, out of which four (crab-eating fox, ocelot, puma and jaguar) presented a sufficient number of samples to allow dietary analyses. The crab-eating fox was the most generalist (BA=0.92); ocelots focused on small- to medium-sized prey; pumas fed mostly on medium-sized items; and jaguars mostly targeted large-sized prey. A considerable overlap was observed between ocelots and pumas in all estimations (O=0.47–0.83). The presence of jaguars in the same region could be driving pumas to select medium- and small-sized prey. The results of this study highlight the importance of reliable predator identification and the need for in-depth ecological studies in areas where carnivore species are sympatric.
Crystal structure of (2,2′-bipyridine-κ
2
N,N′)bis(4-(dimethylamino)phenyldiphenylphosphane-κP)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate, C50H48BCuF4N4P2
Authors: Fazal Atif , Fettouhi Mohammed
Published: December 2018

C50H48BCuF4N4P2, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 24.166(2) Å, b = 19.5652(18) Å, c = 9.6477(9) Å, Z = 4, V = 4561.6(7) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0494, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1546, T = 298 K.
Can SCUBE1 be used to predict the early diagnosis, lesion volume and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke?
Authors: Bolayir Asli , Gokce Seyda Figul , Cigdem Burhanettin , Bolayir Hasan Ata , Gulunay Aydin , Celik Veysel Kenan , Kapancik Serkan , Yildiz Özlem Kayim
Published: December 2018

Objective

SCUBE1 [signal peptide-CUB (complement C1r/C1 s)-EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like domain-containing protein 1] is a novel biochemical marker. SCUBE1 is thought to play roles both in platelet activation and inflammation, which are important stages for the development of acute ischemic stroke (AIS).The purpose of our study was to determine the diagnostic and prognostic values and temporal change of plasma SCUBE1 levels in AIS patients.

Materials and methods

Thirty-five patients diagnosed with AIS at the Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine Neurology Department, between June and December 2017, and a control group of 35 healthy volunteers were included.

Results

Median first day SCUBE1 value in the patient group was 97.51 ng/mL, and the median 7th day SCUBE1 value was 32.72 ng/mL. Median control group SCUBE1 value was 27.51 ng/mL. The first day SCUBE1 levels were significantly higher than the 7th day and the control group SCUBE1 levels (p=0.001, p<0.001, respectively). The ROC analysis showed that SCUBE1 levels above 68.8 ng/mL can be used as an indicator with high sensitivity and specificity for AIS diagnosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that the first day SCUBE1 had significant independent effects on development of AIS. In correlation analysis, plasma SCUBE1 levels showed a significantly positive correlation with lesion volume, NIHSS and MRS values (p<0.01).

Conclusion

First day plasma SCUBE1 values in AIS patients rised at significant levels compared to the control group. SCUBE1 could use both in the early diagnosis and prediction of prognosis and lesion volume of AIS patients.
Das Doppelperfekt – (K)eine neue Tempusform? Zum Einfluss adjektivischer Partizipien auf doppelte Perfektkonstruktionen
Authors: Postler Caroline
Published: December 2018

This essay deals with double perfect constructions in conceptually written contexts. It pursues two goals. First, the spreading mechanisms of double perfect constructions are to be investigated. Analogy to adjective participle forms is one mechanism of several, which can be responsible for the occurrence in double perfect constructions. I will show that the frequency of occurrence as adjectival participle correlates with the occurrence of the same participle in a double perfect construction. A corpus analysis was performed for this purpose. If a participle frequently occurs as an adjective, it partially loses its verbal properties and approaches an adjective status. This can promote the addition of ‘gewesen’/‘gehabt’ to indicate a past tense implication. The proximity of these participles to the adjectival status is also shown by their occurrence in adjectival configurations (e. g. inflected, affixation with ‘un-‘). In addition, the question is examined whether the double perfect is a new tense. I would like to illustrate that the double perfect forms with ‘gewesen’ are mostly to be interpreted adjectivally and are not a new tense. The double forms with ‘gehabt’ can theoretically be true double perfect constructions, but depending on the context they can also be analyzed adjectivally.
Crystal structures and FT-IR spectra of three N,N-dicyclohexylmethylammonium halides C13H26N+
X
− (X = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Fäth Sebastian , Vilsmeier Max , Pfitzner Arno
Published: December 2018

The title compounds C13H26N+Cl− (N,N-dicyclohexylmethylammonium chloride), C13H26N+Br− (N,N- dicyclohexylmethylammonium bromide) and C13H26N+I− (N,N-dicyclohexylmethylammonium iodide) are isostructural and crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pna21 with the lattice parameters a=7.580(1), b=19.072(1), c=9.165(1) Å, V=1324.9(1) Å3 for X=Cl, a=7.765(1), b=19.054(1), c=9.270(1) Å, V=1371.5(1) Å3 for X=Br, and a=8.102(1), b=19.084(1), c=9.535(1) Å, V=1474.2(1) Å3 for X=I with Z=4 for each compound. Their cyclohexyl groups are aligned along [010] while their halide ions are coordinated along [100] by a strong linear N–H···X (X=Cl, Br, I) hydrogen bond. Fourier-transform infrared spectra show a decreasing hydrogen bond acceptor strength from the chloride to the iodide.
Chancen und Grenzen der Kompetenzorientierung in Religionsunterricht und Religionslehrerbildung
Authors: Cramer Colin
Published: December 2018

This article analyzes the potentials and limitations of measuring competences in religious education and religion teacher education. Therefore the general educational discourse on competence orientation is recapitulated and its specific potentials are shown. Then how this discourse has found its way into the discussion on religious education and religion teacher education is summarized. Against the background of the specifics of the discourse on religious education the potentials and challenges of the competence orientation which may arise from a general educational perspective on the field of religious education are discussed. In conclusion, competence orientation can be considered as necessary but not as sufficient for religious education and religion teacher education.
Interprofessional Collaboration and On-the-Job Training Improve Access to HIV Testing, HIV Primary Care, and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
Authors: Pinto Rogério M. , Witte Susan S. , Filippone Prema , Choi C. Jean , Wall Melanie
Published: December 2018

The HIV Continuum of Care is a global priority, yet vulnerable patients face access/retention challenges. Research is missing on the role social and public health service providers can play to help these patients. Using structural equation modeling, we examined the effects of interprofessional collaboration (IPC) and on-the-job training on the frequency of linkages to HIV testing, HIV primary care, and on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) psychoeducation. The sample included 285 New York City providers of social and public health services from 34 agencies. Forty-eight percent of providers had not offered PrEP psychoeducation and linked fewer than five patients to HIV testing and primary care per week. However, in multivariate analysis higher IPC was associated with more linkages and frequent psychoeducation. After adjusting for IPC, linkage training was associated with more frequent services. The influence of specific factors highlights areas for interventions and policies to improve access to the HIV Continuum of Care.
Lessons Learned From the Implementation of HIV Biological-Behavioral Surveys of Key Populations in the Caribbean
Authors: Volkmann Tyson , Chase Martine , Lockard Ann M. , Henningham Deborah , Albalak Rachel
Published: December 2018

In the Caribbean region, HIV prevalence is high among key population (KP) groups, such as sex workers and men who have sex with men. However, there is a lack of high-quality, population-level data estimating HIV prevalence and population sizes of KPs. The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief has funded and completed five bio-behavioral surveillance (BBS) surveys using respondent-driven sampling methodology to target KP in the English-speaking Caribbean region. We describe the experience of implementing bio-behavioral surveys in the Caribbean region and document the context, processes, successes, and challenges, and make recommendations for future survey implementation. Successes include the provision of estimates of nationally representative HIV data and KP size estimates to improve HIV programming and provision of tools for routinization of BBS. Challenges include small KP sizes, the legal context, and the cost and speed of implementation. Future bio-behavioral surveys should include well-planned formative assessments and stakeholder involvement.
Experience-Dependent Intrinsic Plasticity During Auditory Learning
Authors: Ross Matthew T. , Flores Diana , Bertram Richard , Johnson Frank , Wu Wei , Hyson Richard L.
Published: December 2018

Song learning in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) requires exposure to the song of a tutor, resulting in an auditory memory. This memory is the foundation for later sensorimotor learning, resulting in the production of a copy of the tutor's song. The cortical premotor nucleus HVC (proper name) is necessary for auditory and sensorimotor learning as well as the eventual production of adult song. We recently discovered that the intrinsic physiology of HVC neurons changes across stages of song learning, but are those changes the result of learning or are they experience-independent developmental changes? To test the role of auditory experience in driving intrinsic changes, patch-clamp experiments were performed comparing HVC neurons in juvenile birds with varying amounts of tutor exposure. The intrinsic physiology of HVC neurons changed as a function of tutor exposure. Counterintuitively, tutor deprivation resulted in juvenile HVC neurons showing an adult-like phenotype not present in tutor-exposed juveniles. Biophysical models were developed to predict which ion channels were modulated by experience. The models indicate that tutor exposure transiently suppressed theIhand T-type Ca2+currents in HVC neurons that target the basal ganglia, whereas tutor exposure increased the resting membrane potential and decreased the spike amplitude in HVC neurons that drive singing. Our findings suggest that intrinsic plasticity may be part of the mechanism for auditory learning in the HVC. More broadly, models of learning and memory should consider intrinsic plasticity as a possible mechanism by which the nervous system encodes the lasting effects of experience.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is well established that learning involves plasticity of the synapses between neurons. However, the activity of a neural circuit can also be dramatically altered by changes in the intrinsic properties (ion channels) of the component neurons. The present experiments show experience-dependent changes in the intrinsic physiology of neurons in the cortical premotor nucleus HVC (proper name) in juvenile zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) during auditory learning of a tutor's song. Tutor deprivation does not “arrest” development of intrinsic properties, but rather results in neurons with a premature adult-like physiological phenotype. It is possible that auditory learning involves a form of nonsynaptic plasticity and that experience-dependent suppression of specific ion channels may work in concert with synaptic plasticity to promote vocal learning.