bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green-Dyeing Processes of Plant and Animal Fibers Using Folium, an Ancient Natural Dye
Authors: Marangon Andrea , Robotti Francesca , Calà Elisa , Croce Alessandro , Aceto Maurizio , D’Angelo Domenico , Gatti Giorgio
Published: October 2024

In recent decades, fabric-dyeing processes involved greener processes because, since ancient times, dyers used mordants based on metals to make the color better adhere to the textile fibers, but this is the reason for their increased pollution. To develop new strategies, attention was focused on finding the best condition for a dyeing method for natural fibers of vegetable and animal origin (cotton and wool) using an ancient natural dye known as folium. Folium was used mostly in miniature painting in an attempt to avoid the use of classical mordants and solvents. To this purpose, plasma treatment and chitosan coating were employed. Firstly, the textile fibers were analyzed through infrared spectroscopies to verify surface modifications; subsequently, the post-treatment morphological variations were observed via scanning electron microscopy. Both techniques highlighted a significant variation of the surface functional groups due to plasma treatments with He-O2 mixtures, which allowed a greater adhesion of chitosan on the fiber’s surface. Finally, the color strength of samples dyed with folium was tested through fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy, and the folium absorbance peaks were still detected after fabric washing. It is thus shown how an ancient, traditional raw matter has become relevant for developing new modern technologies.
The Identification of Microstructural Changes in High-Temperature Superconducting Tapes for Superconducting Fault Current Limiters
Authors: Hajdasz Sylwia , Kempski Adam , Arkusz Katarzyna , Michalski Mariusz , Szczesniak Paweł
Published: October 2024

HTS 2G tapes used in Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (SFCLs) have properties that allow for the effective limitation of short-circuit currents; however, due to the specificity of the device operation, they should be characterized by the high stability of the parameters when repeatedly leaving the superconducting state. During the operation of SFCLs, a situation may occur in which the parameters of the HTS tapes used will change several times as a result of the action of short-circuit currents that exceed the critical current IC of the superconductor of the tape used. This paper presents the results of microstructural tests of 2G HTS tapes intended for SFCLs, subjected to surge currents corresponding to prospective short-circuit currents with values higher than their critical currents IC and for which IC changes were observed. The HTS tapes were examined using a JEOL 7600F field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), and their chemical composition was analyzed using Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The test results indicate the possibility of micro-damage in the form of cracks in the superconductor layer, as well as the interruption of the buffer layers and the oxidation of the silver layers. The analysis of the chemical composition of the HTS tape layers may indicate the occurrence of diffusion processes.
Urban Color Perception and Sentiment Analysis Based on Deep Learning and Street View Big Data
Authors: Yu Mingyang , Zheng Xiangyu , Qin Pinrui , Cui Weikang , Ji Qingrui
Published: October 2024

The acceleration of urbanization has resulted in a heightened awareness of the impacts of urban environments on residents’ emotional states. This present study focuses on the Lixia District of Jinan City. By using urban street view big data and deep learning methods, we undertook a detailed analysis of the impacts of urban color features on residents’ emotional perceptions. In particular, a substantial corpus of street scene image data was extracted and processed. This was performed using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and semantic segmentation technology (PSPNet), which enabled the simulation and prediction of the subjective perception of the urban environment by humans. Furthermore, the color complexity and coordination in the street scene were quantified and combined with residents’ emotional feedback to carry out a multi-dimensional analysis. The findings revealed that color complexity and coordination were significant elements influencing residents’ emotional perceptions. A high color complexity is visually appealing, but can lead to fatigue, discomfort, and boredom; a moderate complexity stimulates vitality and pleasure; high levels of regional harmony and aesthetics can increase perceptions of beauty and security; and low levels of coordination can increase feelings of depression. The environmental characteristics of different areas and differences in the daily activities of residents resulted in regional differences regarding the impacts of color features on emotional perception. This study corroborates the assertion that environmental color coordination has the capacity to enhance residents’ emotions, thereby providing an important reference point for urban planning. Planning should be based on the functional characteristics of the region, and color complexity and coordination should be reasonably regulated to optimize the emotional experiences of residents. Differentiated color management enhances urban aesthetics, livability, and residents’ happiness and promotes sustainable development. In the future, the influences of color and environmental factors on emotions can be explored in depth, with a view to assist in the formulation of fine urban design.
Lightweight Multi-Domain Fusion Model for Through-Wall Human Activity Recognition Using IR-UWB Radar
Authors: Huang Ling , Lei Dong , Zheng Bowen , Chen Guiping , An Huifeng , Li Mingxuan
Published: October 2024

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar, operating in the low-frequency band, can penetrate walls and utilize its high range resolution to recognize different human activities. Complex deep neural networks have demonstrated significant performance advantages in classifying radar spectrograms of various actions, but at the cost of a substantial computational overhead. In response, this paper proposes a lightweight model named TG2-CAFNet. First, clutter suppression and time–frequency analysis are used to obtain range–time and micro-Doppler feature maps of human activities. Then, leveraging GhostV2 convolution, a lightweight feature extraction module, TG2, suitable for radar spectrograms is constructed. Using a parallel structure, the features of the two spectrograms are extracted separately. Finally, to further explore the correlation between the two spectrograms and enhance the feature representation capabilities, an improved nonlinear fusion method called coordinate attention fusion (CAF) is proposed based on attention feature fusion (AFF). This method extends the adaptive weighting fusion of AFF to a spatial distribution, effectively capturing the subtle spatial relationships between the two radar spectrograms. Experiments showed that the proposed method achieved a high degree of model lightweightness, while also achieving a recognition accuracy of 99.1%.
How Gastronomic Image Shapes Tourism Competitiveness: An Approach with Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Ramos Célia M. Q. , Pinto Karina
Published: October 2024

The competitiveness of tourist destinations is influenced by their relative attractiveness, which will play an essential role in their global success; gastronomy is one of the main motivations that lead tourists to visit a given destination. This research aims to investigate gastronomy’s role in the destination’s competitiveness and image through the analysis of online reputation, both in terms of ratings and sentiments provided by the experience, through the creation of an index of the online reputation of gastronomic image. Online restaurant reviews retrieved from TripAdvisor, from restaurants belonging to eight tourism destination regions, considered the competitive set to the Algarve, are analysed by applying sentiment analysis algorithms. With regard to the Algarve region, it was concluded that the Costa del Sol and the Tropical coast were the most competitive regions in terms of gastronomic image, where the inclusion of seafood products in meals was one of the strategic aspects used to increase the competitiveness of this region. These results can help restaurant managers and destination management organisations to better understand the different customer needs and how to increase their competitiveness.
Probabilistic Modeling of Congested Traffic Scenarios on Long-Span Bridges
Authors: Wang Xuejing , Ruan Xin , Casas Joan R. , Zhang Mingyang
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to extend a previously developed probabilistic model for simulating extreme response scenarios to include congested traffic flow on long-span bridges, addressing the challenge of accurately modeling traffic loads under changing conditions. While the model was initially designed for free-flow traffic, this study demonstrates how it can be adapted for congested conditions, with the objective of improving the accuracy of traffic load models. To overcome the limitation of traditional Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) systems in capturing congested traffic, congested flow characteristics were inferred from available free-flow data. The cellular automata (CA) method was applied to generate realistic congested traffic scenarios, which were used as input for the probabilistic model. Key simulation parameters, such as cell length and vehicle weight distribution, were adjusted to reflect congested conditions. The results validate the model’s flexibility, showing how, with the adaptation of some parameters, it can simulate both free-flow and congested traffic patterns effectively. This research provides a basis for improving traffic load models used in the design and assessment of long-span bridges, addressing the current limitations in existing codes and standards.
Automated Evaluation of C-ITS Message Content for Enhanced Compliance and Reliability
Authors: Lokaj Zdeněk , Vaniš Miroslav , Holý Radek , Šrotýř Martin , Zajíček Martin , Huang Shih-Chia
Published: October 2024

In the field of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITSs), the traditional approach to testing often emphasizes technological parameters, leaving the validation of message content insufficiently addressed. Since the content of these messages is crucial for the correct functioning of C-ITS, this article demonstrates the potential for automated evaluation of C-ITS message content against relevant standards. It leverages our novel tools, Karlos and C-ITS SIM, to facilitate this process. Through detailed laboratory testing and data analysis, the study showcases the effectiveness of these automated solutions in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of message content validation.
Dramatic Scenes and Monstrous Animals: On the First Exhibition of Chinese Art in the USSR
Authors: Kozhura Olga
Published: October 2024

This article reconstructs the story of the “Chinese Painting Exhibition” in the USSR, brought to Moscow and Leningrad in 1934 by the prominent Chinese artist Xu Beihong. The exhibition covered a period from the Han dynasty up to the 1930s, and, for the first time, presented Chinese art to the Soviet audience. Before arriving in the USSR, the show toured Europe, where it was extremely popular and considered the first successful attempt to present Chinese art in the West. In contrast, the exhibition’s perception in the Soviet Union was rather contradictory. The reasons for that could be found in the ongoing Soviet artistic discourse and preconceived vision of Chinese art. Based on archival materials, this study reveals the process of the exhibition’s organization and focuses on the image of China and Chinese art constructed by its curators. Additionally, this article examines the reception of the show by both professional and mass Soviet audiences in conjunction with the Soviet ideology towards fine art, foreign art exhibitions of the 1930s, and existing narratives on China, which shaped the optic of Soviet visitors.
Research on Wi-Fi Fingerprint Database Construction Method Based on Environmental Feature Awareness
Authors: Wu Jiaxuan , Yang Tianzhong , Zhang Zengting
Published: October 2024

Indoor localization technology is becoming increasingly widespread, but traditional methods for constructing Wi-Fi fingerprint databases face significant challenges, particularly in large, multi-room environments. These methods often suffer from low efficiency and high costs associated with manual data collection. To address these issues, various approaches like crowdsourcing and sparse collection have been introduced, but they still struggle with limitations such as inadequate data accuracy and uneven distribution. In this paper, we present a novel method for constructing Wi-Fi fingerprint databases based on environmental feature awareness. By leveraging deep learning to analyze the relationship between environmental features and Wi-Fi signal strength, our method enables faster and more efficient database construction. Experimental results demonstrate that our environmental feature-aware model significantly outperforms existing methods in prediction accuracy, greatly enhancing both the efficiency and accuracy of Wi-Fi fingerprint database construction. This approach also reduces the need for manual intervention and improves generalization capabilities. Our method proves to be highly practical and adaptable, especially in large-scale structures like nursing homes. It holds a substantial potential for broader application in extensive indoor environments, offering considerable value for widespread adoption.
Implications of Traditional Cooking on Air Quality and Female Health: An In-Depth Analysis of Particulate Matter, Carbon Monoxide, and Carbon Dioxide Exposure in a Rural Community
Authors: González-Pedraza Kenia , Figueroa-Montaño Arturo , Orozco-Medina Martha , Lozano-Kasten Felipe , Davydova Belitskaya Valentina
Published: October 2024

Indoor air pollution, particularly in rural communities, is a significant health determinant, primarily due to the prevalence of traditional cooking practices. The WHO estimates 4.3 million annual deaths related to household air pollution. This study quantifies indoor pollutants and assesses health impacts and perceptions regarding traditional cooking. Using Extech air quality monitoring equipment, the study measured particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in 48 rural homes. A survey of 39 women gathered insights on their use of wood for cooking and perceptions of air quality. This dual approach analyzed both environmental and social dimensions. Findings showed fine particulate matter (0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 μm) exceeded safety limits by threefold, while coarser particulates (5.0 and 10 µm) were concerning but less immediate. CO levels were mostly acceptable, but high concentrations posed risks. CO2 levels indicated good ventilation. Survey responses highlighted reliance on wood and poor air quality perceptions demonstrating little awareness of health risks. Common symptoms included eye discomfort, respiratory issues, and headaches. The study emphasizes the need for interventions to reduce exposure to indoor pollutants and increase awareness of health risks to encourage cleaner cooking practices in rural communities.
Seasonal–Diurnal Distribution of Lightning over Bulgaria and the Black Sea and Its Relationship with Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Petrova Savka , Mitzeva Rumjana , Kotroni Vassiliki , Peneva Elisaveta
Published: October 2024

A seasonal–diurnal analysis of land-sea contrast in lightning activity over Bulgaria and the Black Sea over 10 years is presented here. The maximum number of flashes over both surface types is registered during the summer (with a peak over Bulgaria in June and over the Black Sea in July) and a minimum number in winter (December/February, respectively). During spring, the maximum flash density is observed over Bulgaria (in May), while in autumn, it is over the Black Sea (in September). The results show that only in autumn lightning activity dominates over the Black Sea compared to over land (Bulgaria), while in winter, spring, and summer is vice versa. For this reason, an additional investigation was conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between lightning activity and the sea surface temperature (SST) of the Black Sea in autumn. The analysis reveals that the influence of SST on the formation of thunderstorms over the Black Sea varies depending on the diurnal time interval, with the effect being more significant at night. At nighttime intervals, there is a clear trend of increasing mean flash frequency per case with rising SST (linear correlation coefficients range from R = 0.92 to 0.98), while during the daytime, this trend is not as evident. This indicates that, during the day, other favorable atmospheric processes have a greater influence on the formation of thunderstorms than sea-surface temperature, while in the autumn night hours, the higher SST values probably play a more significant role in thunderstorms formation, in combination with the corresponding orographic conditions.
Climate-Related Risks and Agricultural Yield Assessment in the Senegalese Groundnut Basin
Authors: Faye Adama , Abbey Georges A. , Ndiaye Amadou , Diop Mbaye
Published: October 2024

Climate change and variability pose significant threats to agricultural production, particularly in regions heavily dependent on rainfed agriculture like Senegal. The problem addressed in this study revolves around the impact of climate-related risks on agricultural yields in the Senegalese Groundnut Basin as a key agricultural region. Daily rainfall, temperatures, and yield over 1991–2020 were used. The data were analyzed using multiple regression, trend analysis, and correlation approaches. The results indicate that the overall seasonal precipitation increases over time (98 mm in the north and 103 mm in the south). However, we found that the south Groundnut Basin has a much slower seasonal precipitation rate than the northern zone. Our results also show that the northern zone exhibits a more consistent and predictable growing season, with onset and offset, in contrast with the southern zone, which shows higher variability. The analysis further reveals that both the northern and southern zones are experiencing a warming trend, with the southern zone showing a more pronounced increase in maximum temperatures (+0.7 °C) than to the northern zone (+0.4 °C). Estimates from the regression analysis revealed that total seasonal precipitation and maximum temperature positively and significantly influence groundnut, millet, and maize yields in the northern and southern zones. All the other weather-related parameters have different influences depending on the zone. These findings highlight the heterogeneous nature of the study area and the significant role climatic factors play in crop yield variability in the Groundnut Basin. Understanding these influences is crucial for developing targeted agricultural strategies and climate adaptation measures to mitigate risks and enhance regional productivity. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and farmers aiming to improve crop resilience and sustain agricultural outputs amidst changing climatic conditions.
CO Dissociation Induced by 1 keV/u Ar2+ Ion
Authors: Zhang Chijun , Zhang Ruitian , Zhang Shaofeng , Ma Xinwen
Published: October 2024

CO is one of the important molecules in dense molecular clouds, and its dissociation induced by cosmic ray heavy ions is a fundamental process for molecular breaking up and rearrangement in astronomical networks. Extensive laboratory simulations are required to understand molecular evolution in astrophysical contexts. Here, we investigate the CO dissociation induced by 1 keV/u Ar2+ using cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy. Kinetic energy release for double electron capture Ar2++CO→Ar0+C++O+ and transfer ionization Ar2++CO→Ar++C++O++e− was obtained. The dissociation mechanisms are attributed to different KER distributions. The autoionization process is identified below the CO2+ double ionization threshold.
Unified Generalizations of Hardy-Type Inequalities Through the Nabla Framework on Time Scales
Authors: Rezk Haytham M. , Balogun Oluwafemi Samson , Bakr Mahmoud E.
Published: October 2024

This research investigates innovative extensions of Hardy-type inequalities through the use of nabla Hölder’s and nabla Jensen’s inequalities, combined with the nabla chain rule and the characteristics of convex and submultiplicative functions. We extend these inequalities within a cohesive framework that integrates elements of both continuous and discrete calculus. Furthermore, our study revisits specific integral inequalities from the existing literature, showcasing the wide-ranging relevance of our results.
Evaluating Circulating Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Tumor Monitoring in Pediatric Sarcomas: Recent Advances and Future Directions
Authors: Maqueda Joaquín J. , De Feo Alessandra , Scotlandi Katia
Published: October 2024

Pediatric sarcomas present a significant challenge in oncology. There is an urgent need for improved therapeutic strategies for high-risk patients and better management of long-term side effects for those who survive the disease. Liquid biopsy is emerging as a promising tool to optimize treatment in these patients by offering non-invasive, repeatable assessments of disease status. Circulating biomarkers can provide valuable insights into tumor genetics and treatment response, potentially facilitating early diagnosis and dynamic disease monitoring. This review examines the potential of liquid biopsies, focusing on circulating biomarkers in the most common pediatric sarcomas, i.e., osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. We also highlight the current research efforts and the necessary advancements required before these technologies can be widely adopted in clinical practice.
Expression of Myeloperoxidase in Patient-Derived Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells—Associations with Coronary Artery Disease and Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Lee Weiqian Eugene , Genetzakis Elijah , Barsha Giannie , Vescovi Joshua , Mifsud Carmen , Vernon Stephen T. , Nguyen Tung Viet , Gray Michael P. , Grieve Stuart M. , Figtree Gemma A.
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays a critical role in the innate immune response and has been suggested to be a surrogate marker of oxidative stress and inflammation, with elevated levels implicated in cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and heart failure, as well as in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. While MPO is well-known in leukocytes, its expression and function in human endothelial cells remain unclear. This study investigates MPO expression in patient-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) and its potential association with CAD and mitochondrial function. Methods: ECFCs were cultured from the peripheral blood of 93 BioHEART-CT patients. MPO expression and associated functions were examined using qRT-PCR, immunochemistry, flow cytometry, and MPO activity assays. CAD presence was defined using CT coronary angiography (CACS > 0). Results: We report MPO presence in patient-derived ECFCs for the first time. MPO protein expression occurred in 70.7% of samples (n = 41) which had nuclear co-localisation, an atypical observation given its conventional localisation in the granules of neutrophils and monocytes. This suggests potential alternative roles for MPO in nuclear processes. MPO mRNA expression was detected in 66.23% of samples (n = 77). CAD patients had a lower proportion of MPO-positive ECFCs compared to non-CAD controls (57.45% vs. 80%, p = 0.04), a difference that persisted in the statin-naïve sub-cohort (53.85% vs. 84.62%, p = 0.02). Non-CAD patients with MPO expression showed upregulated mitochondrial-antioxidant genes (AIFM2, TXNRD1, CAT, PRDX3, PRDX6). In contrast, CAD patients with MPO gene expression had heightened mROS production and mitochondrial mass and decreased mitochondrial function compared to that of CAD patients without MPO gene expression. Conclusions: MPO is present in the nucleus of ECFCs. In non-CAD ECFCs, MPO expression is linked to upregulated mitochondrial-antioxidant genes, whereas in CAD ECFCs, it is associated with greater mitochondrial dysfunction.
Mixed Reality-Based Smart Occupational Therapy Personalized Protocol for Cerebellar Ataxic Patients
Authors: Franzò Michela , Marinozzi Franco , Finti Alessia , Lattao Marco , Trabassi Dante , Castiglia Stefano Filippo , Serrao Mariano , Bini Fabiano
Published: October 2024

Background: Occupational therapy (OT) is an essential component of patient care, and it is especially beneficial if focused on meaningful activities. For ataxic patients, traditional procedures are currently the most efficient, although without specific guidelines and suggestions for virtual reality integration. In this context, this study proposes Hybrid Smart Rehabilitation (HSR) based on mixed reality (MR) as an aid in overcoming limitations of the traditional OT procedures. Methods: MR-HSR is designed specifically for ataxic patients and developed in Unity with the Holographic Remoting setting for run-time intervention on the scene. The subject reaches a book and grabs it with their hand inside a holographic guide with audio-visive feedback. Hand trajectories acquired from eight ataxic patients and eight healthy subjects were compared and new variables were analyzed to evaluate the performance. The Trust in Automation questionnaire was submitted to assess the opinion of the patients. Results: Patients confirmed their trust in the developer and in the improvement that this system can bring to their rehabilitation. The “total time” and “sway area” of the trajectory were statistically significant and, together with the deviation of the trajectory from the main axis of the guide, although not statistically significant, made it possible to build a classifier. Conclusions: The patient-specific MR-HSR can be considered as an integrative tool for assessing the subject’s condition by analyzing new quantitative variables which, if matched to the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), could be the basis of a new index to assess the progressiveness of ataxia.
Classification of Current Experimental Models of Epilepsy
Authors: Rubio Carmen , Romo-Parra Héctor , López-Landa Alejandro , Rubio-Osornio Moisés
Published: October 2024

Introduction: This article provides an overview of several experimental models, including in vivo, genetics, chemical, knock-in, knock-out, electrical, in vitro, and optogenetics models, that have been employed to investigate epileptogenesis. The present review introduces a novel categorization of these models, taking into account the fact that the most recent classification that gained widespread acceptance was established by Fisher in 1989. A significant number of such models have become virtually outdated. Objective: This paper specifically examines the models that have contributed to the investigation of partial seizures, generalized seizures, and status epilepticus. Discussion: A description is provided of the primary features associated with the processes that produce and regulate the symptoms of various epileptogenesis models. Numerous experimental epilepsy models in animals have made substantial contributions to the investigation of particular brain regions that are capable of inducing seizures. Experimental models of epilepsy have also enabled the investigation of the therapeutic mechanisms of anti-epileptic medications. Typically, animals are selected for the development and study of experimental animal models of epilepsy based on the specific form of epilepsy being investigated. Conclusions: Currently, it is established that specific animal species can undergo epileptic seizures that resemble those described in humans. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that a comprehensive assessment of all forms of human epilepsy has not been feasible. However, these experimental models, both those derived from channelopathies and others, have provided a limited comprehension of the fundamental mechanisms of this disease.
How Does Understanding of Social Situations and Other’s Intention Contribute to Idiom and Irony Comprehension in Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Authors: Mashal Nira , Lellouche Naama
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Figurative language is a central tool for enriching spoken and written languages, and it is important for building social relationships. Difficulties in figurative language understanding may impair social adjustment. Some studies have found more gaps in the understanding of irony and idioms among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to those of their peers with typical development (TD). To date, no studies have examined the relationship between the ability to understand social situations (as a separate ability) and the ability to understand irony and idioms. The present study examined the roles of theory of mind (ToM) and social situation understanding in the comprehension of idioms and ironic criticism. Methods: The current study included 58 participants aged 8–11, including 28 children with high-functioning ASD and 30 children with TD matched by age, gender, and nonverbal intelligence. All the participants completed a ToM questionnaire that assesses their understanding of others’ intentions, as well as a questionnaire pertaining to their comprehension of social situations, ironic criticism, and idioms. Results: TD children outperformed the autistic children in idiom and irony understanding, as well as in ToM and social situation understanding. Understanding social situations and ToM contributed to idiom and irony understanding, with ToM ability uniquely contributing to irony (but not to idiom) understanding. Path analysis revealed that social cognitive abilities mediated the link between group affiliation and vocabulary, affecting figurative language comprehension. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that social cognition skills influence the ability to understand ironic criticism and idioms, mediating the association between vocabulary and figurative language comprehension.
From Diabetes to Dementia: Identifying Key Genes in the Progression of Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Cao Zhaoming , Du Yage , Xu Guangyi , Zhu He , Ma Yinchao , Wang Ziyuan , Wang Shaoying , Lu Yanhui
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To provide a basis for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes-associated mild cognitive impairment (DCI) using two bioinformatics methods to screen key genes involved in the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and type 2 diabetes. Methods: RNA sequencing data of MCI and normal cognition groups, as well as expression profile and sample information data of clinical characteristic data of GSE63060, which contains 160 MCI samples and 104 normal samples, were downloaded from the GEO database. Hub genes were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis, combined with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, was used to verify the genes. Moreover, RNA sequencing and clinical characteristic data for GSE166502 of 13 type 2 diabetes samples and 13 normal controls were downloaded from the GEO database, and the correlation between the screened genes and type 2 diabetes was verified by difference and ROC curve analyses. In addition, we collected clinical biopsies to validate the results. Results: Based on WGCNA, 10 modules were integrated, and six were correlated with MCI. Six hub genes associated with MCI (TOMM7, SNRPG, COX7C, UQCRQ, RPL31, and RPS24) were identified using the LASSO algorithm. The ROC curve was screened by integrating the GEO database, and revealed COX7C, SNRPG, TOMM7, and RPS24 as key genes in the progression of type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: COX7C, SNRPG, TOMM7, and RPS24 are involved in MCI and type 2 diabetes progression. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms of these four genes in the development of type 2 diabetes-associated MCI should be studied.
Factors Influencing Suicidal Ideation in Persons with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Park Eun-Young
Published: October 2024

Suicidal ideation is a leading indicator of suicide risk, particularly among persons with disabilities, a population at high risk of suicide. This study aimed to identify factors affecting suicidal ideation among persons with physical disabilities in Korea. Data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from the Disability and Life Dynamics Panel. Eight hundred and twenty-eight persons with physical disabilities were extracted from the data, and seven hundred seventy people who responded to the suicidal ideation question were included in the analysis. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed. The results show a high percentage of suicidal ideation among persons with physical disabilities (18.5%). Among the general characteristics, more women were found to have suicidal ideation than men, and people in their 40s and 60s had a higher rate of suicidal ideation than other age groups. A lower educational level was found to be related to suicidal ideation. After controlling for general characteristics, depression increased the likelihood of suicidal ideation among individuals with physical disabilities. Economic difficulties and disability acceptance did not relate to suicidal ideation. Based on the results of this study, continuous observation of suicidal ideation in people with physical disabilities and early intervention programs for preventing depression and increasing disability acceptance are considered necessary.
Low-Cost Photogrammetry for Detailed Documentation and Condition Assessment of Earthen Architectural Heritage: The Ex-Hotel Oasis Rouge in Timimoun as a Case Study
Authors: Ben Charif Haroune , Zerlenga Ornella , Iaderosa Rosina
Published: October 2024

Earthen architecture holds deep historical, cultural, and ecological value, forming an essential component of our global cultural heritage. However, these structures face numerous threats, including climate change, socio-economic shifts, and, in many cases, neglection, which accelerate their deterioration. This study introduces a photogrammetry-based methodology adapted for the digital documentation and preservation of earthen architecture within the context of developing countries. We focus on the Ex-Hotel Oasis Rouge in Timimoun, an iconic earthen building in southwestern Algeria and the current headquarters of CAPTERRE (Algerian Centre for Earthen Built Cultural Heritage). This paper details our approach to using photogrammetry to capture both the interior and exterior of the building, produce detailed orthophotos for archiving the unique earthen bas-reliefs, and conduct a condition assessment. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of photogrammetry as a cost-effective tool for heritage documentation, highlighting its potential to assist in the ongoing preservation and informed restoration of earthen architecture.
Enhancing Cognitive Performance and Physiological Benefit in Workspaces Through Patterns of Biophilic Design: A Restorative Approach
Authors: Zhang Ping , Yu Zhengqi , Hou Guoying , Shu Ping , Bo Yunque , Shi Yankun , Nie Rui
Published: October 2024

Contact with nature is believed to enhance mental health through the process of human psychological restoration. However, prolonged indoor living limits individuals’ exposure to nature, potentially hindering the timely alleviation of stress and fatigue induced by work. While biophilic design is recognized as a potential solution, its impact on the restoration process has not been extensively studied, particularly in relation to its various design patterns. Therefore, it is important to determine the restorative effects of different patterns of biophilic design and their combination in order to guide the practical application of biophilic design. In this study, the effects of two typical biophilic design patterns and their combination on attention restoration were measured using subjective scales, cognitive tasks, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in a simulated real workspace. The results suggest a significant enhancement in the restorative impact on cognitive performance and physiological benefits when combining two biophilic design patterns, while a single design pattern does not yield the same effect. These findings contribute to a better understanding and improvement of workspaces, enhancing users’ experience and well-being.
Preventive Preservation of Rammed Earth Historical Heritage Through Continuous Monitoring, Architectural Inspections, and Data Fusion
Authors: Puertas Esther , Ávila Fernando , García-Macías Enrique , Gallego Rafael
Published: October 2024

Rammed earth construction, an ancient and sustainable building technique, faces significant preservation challenges, particularly in historical contexts. This study aims to enhance the preventive preservation of rammed earth historical heritage through a comprehensive methodology combining continuous monitoring, architectural inspections, and data fusion. By integrating nondestructive testing techniques such as ultrasound, thermography, and ground-penetrating radar with operational modal analysis and modeling, the proposed approach allows for early detection and assessment of structural vulnerabilities. This methodology was applied to the Tower of Muhammad in the Alhambra of Granada, Spain, demonstrating its effectiveness in identifying and quantifying damage and predicting structural health. Using multi-source data (documentation, inspections, nondestructive tests, and continuous monitoring), a finite element model was built, calibrated (achieving an avg. error in modal frequencies of 1.28% and a minimum modal assurance criterion value of 0.94), and used to develop a surrogate model able to predict the modal properties of the tower in 0.02 s, becoming compatible with continuous system identification. The presented results highlight the importance of continuous data acquisition and advanced diagnostic tools for safeguarding rammed earth structures against environmental and anthropogenic threats. This study advocates for the adoption of digital twins in historical preservation, facilitating informed decision-making and sustainable management of cultural heritage.
Integrated Techno-Environmental Analysis of Finely Ground Silica Sand in Sustainable Mortar Production
Authors: Hebbache Kamel , Boutlikht Mourad , Douadi Abdellah , Belebchouche Cherif , Benrebouh Imed , Hammouche Redha , Moretti Laura , Chajec Adrian , Czarnecki Slawomir
Published: October 2024

The environmental impacts of cement production are becoming more urgent concerns. This study examined the mechanical characteristics of cement when it is partially replaced with finely crushed sand. The experimental program consisted of three different levels of sand fineness of 459 m2/kg, 497 m2/kg, and 543 m2/kg, as well as four substitution ratios of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. A total of thirteen combinations were formulated and then evaluated. The results demonstrated that increasing sand fineness from 459 m2/kg to 543 m2/kg substantially impacted the compressive strength (CS), increasing it by up to 30%, and increasing the substitution ratio from 10% to 40% reduced the mechanical strength by roughly 40%. An extensive techno-environmental evaluation showed that replacing cement with finely crushed sand is technically feasible and environmentally advantageous. This technique can decrease carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by around 40%, emphasizing its ecological benefits and coinciding with worldwide initiatives to decrease the environmental impact of construction materials. In summary, this study demonstrates the advantages of improving the mechanical characteristics of cement while minimizing its ecological footprint. It suggests that finely crushed sand can be used as a sustainable alternative in cement manufacturing, promoting the use of more environmentally friendly construction methods.
Proposing New Standard and ANFIS Calculation Approaches for Precast Concrete Connections with Steel Tube Elements: Lessons from Experimental Studies
Authors: Baghdadi Abtin , Ledderose Lukas , Kloft Harald
Published: October 2024

The importance of establishing a proper method for calculating newly studied structural elements and primarily translating the results of experimental and numerical analyses into practical standards poses a significant challenge for structural researchers. In this study, which focuses on the importance of previously studied connections for the precast industry as a case study, two approaches are proposed for calculating the capacity of elements connected by rectangular steel tubes. The first approach involves a step-by-step calculation for analyzing the forces and capacities of different steel tube or concrete section parts under bending and shear, aiming to establish a standard calculation approach. Despite its complexity, the standard calculation approach has proven its accuracy by successfully solving examples with features similar to those of the experimental tests describing the process. The second approach relies on a look-up table generated from experimental data, developing an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for interpreting the data. ANFIS not only facilitates the evaluation of the capacity of non-experimentally tested elements but also resembles the calculation process. Evaluating ANFIS’s performance concerning the original results underscores its remarkable capacity to analyze experimental data. With a maximum calculation error of only 13% when compared to the experimental tests, ANFIS demonstrates considerable accuracy and user-friendliness. Following the initial internal force evaluations, the proposed standard calculation method requires eight specific control inputs, and comparing these inputs with experimental tests further confirms the effectiveness and safety of this approach for connection design.
Compressive Strength Prediction of Fly Ash-Based Concrete Using Single and Hybrid Machine Learning Models
Authors: Li Haiyu , Chung Heungjin , Li Zhenting , Li Weiping
Published: October 2024

The compressive strength of concrete is a crucial parameter in structural design, yet its determination in a laboratory setting is both time-consuming and expensive. The prediction of compressive strength in fly ash-based concrete can be accelerated through the use of machine learning algorithms with artificial intelligence, which can effectively address the problems associated with this process. This paper presents the most innovative model algorithms established based on artificial intelligence technology. These include three single models—a fully connected neural network model (FCNN), a convolutional neural network model (CNN), and a transformer model (TF)—and three hybrid models—FCNN + CNN, TF + FCNN, and TF + CNN. A total of 471 datasets were employed in the experiments, comprising 7 input features: cement (C), fly ash (FA), water (W), superplasticizer (SP), coarse aggregate (CA), fine aggregate (S), and age (D). Six models were subsequently applied to predict the compressive strength (CS) of fly ash-based concrete. Furthermore, the loss function curves, assessment indexes, linear correlation coefficient, and the related literature indexes of each model were employed for comparison. This analysis revealed that the FCNN + CNN model exhibited the highest prediction accuracy, with the following metrics: R2 = 0.95, MSE = 14.18, MAE = 2.32, SMAPE = 0.1, and R = 0.973. Additionally, SHAP was utilized to elucidate the significance of the model parameter features. The findings revealed that C and D exerted the most substantial influence on the model prediction outcomes, followed by W and FA. Nevertheless, CA, S, and SP demonstrated comparatively minimal influence. Finally, a GUI interface for predicting compressive strength was developed based on six models and nonlinear functional relationships, and a criterion for minimum strength was derived by comparison and used to optimize a reasonable mixing ratio, thus achieving a fast data-driven interaction that was concise and reliable.
Beyond Primary HER2 Expression: Trastuzumab Deruxtecan’s Efficacy in Brain Metastasis
Authors: Das Glori , Wong Stephen T. C. , Zhao Hong
Published: October 2024

This commentary focuses on the DESTINY-Breast12 study, published in Nature Medicine on 13 September 2024, which evaluates the efficacy of Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in treating HER2-positive advanced breast cancer, including those with brain metastases. We emphasize the broadened clinical potential of T-DXd in treating brain metastases from tumors originally classified as HER2-null or HER2-low, extending beyond its current use for breast cancer. This expanded application of T-DXd could provide new hope to patients dealing with challenging brain metastases, addressing an urgent need for effective treatment options.
Metabolic Reprogramming Induced by Aging Modifies the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Wang Zihan , Zhu Bo , Deng Min , Qiu Jiayue , Feng Yunwen , Ding Ning , Huang Chen
Published: October 2024

Aging is an important risk factor for tumorigenesis. Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of both aging and tumor initiation. However, the manner in which the crosstalk between aging and metabolic reprogramming affects the tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote tumorigenesis was poorly explored. We utilized a computational approach proposed by our previous work, MMP3C (Modeling Metabolic Plasticity by Pathway Pairwise Comparison), to characterize aging-related metabolic plasticity events using pan-cancer bulk RNA-seq data. Our analysis revealed a high degree of metabolically organized heterogeneity across 17 aging-related cancer types. In particular, a higher degree of several energy generation pathways, i.e., glycolysis and impaired oxidative phosphorylation, was observed in older patients. Similar phenomena were also found via single-cell RNA-seq analysis. Furthermore, those energy generation pathways were found to be weakened in activated T cells and macrophages, whereas they increased in exhausted T cells, immunosuppressive macrophages, and Tregs in older patients. It was suggested that aging-induced metabolic switches alter glucose utilization, thereby influencing immune function and resulting in the remodeling of the TME. This work offers new insights into the associations between tumor metabolism and the TME mediated by aging, linking with novel strategies for cancer therapy.
Hepatocellular-Carcinoma-Derived Organoids: Innovation in Cancer Research
Authors: Airola Carlo , Pallozzi Maria , Cesari Eleonora , Cerrito Lucia , Stella Leonardo , Sette Claudio , Giuliante Felice , Gasbarrini Antonio , Ponziani Francesca Romana
Published: October 2024

Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are highly heterogeneous malignancies. They are characterized by a peculiar tumor microenvironment and dense vascularization. The importance of signaling between immune cells, endothelial cells, and tumor cells leads to the difficult recapitulation of a reliable in vitro HCC model using the conventional two-dimensional cell cultures. The advent of three-dimensional organoid tumor technology has revolutionized our understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of several malignancies by faithfully replicating the original cancer genomic, epigenomic, and microenvironmental landscape. Organoids more closely mimic the in vivo environment and cell interactions, replicating factors such as the spatial organization of cell surface receptors and gene expression, and will probably become an important tool in the choice of therapies and the evaluation of tumor response to treatments. This review aimed to describe the ongoing and potential applications of organoids as an in vitro model for the study of HCC development, its interaction with the host’s immunity, the analysis of drug sensitivity tests, and the current limits in this field.