bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Social Network on Forecasting in Fashion Industry
Authors: Koren Michal
Published: January 2025

The fashion industry is a significant contributor to environmental degradation, with its rapid turnover of trends leading to substantial waste. This underscores the necessity for precise forecasting methods to optimize production, procurement, lead time management, and inventory control. Traditionally, fashion forecasting relied on statistical analyses and retail sales data. However, the rise of social media has significantly influenced fashion preferences, trends, and consumer behavior, yet few forecasting models effectively integrate social media data. This paper introduces a forecasting model that leverages social media data from TikTok, Facebook, and Instagram, considering the distinct engagement metrics and demographic segments of each platform. By analyzing data from these social networks and incorporating operational parameters, the model aims to provide more accurate sales forecasts. The integration of diverse data sources is expected to enhance the predictive accuracy, offering a robust approach to demand forecasting in the fashion industry. Further support for the precision and reliability of predictions derived from social network data comes from the anticipated growth in social media usage
Inflammatory Pathways of Sulfonamide Diuretics: Insights into SLC12A Cl– Symporters and Additional Targets
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, School of Medicine. Dayton, Ohio, United States, Di Fulvio Mauricio
Published: January 2025

Thiazide, thiazide-like, and loop diuretics are primarily known for inhibiting members of the SLC12A family of Cl– transporters, which include the Na+Cl– cotransporter (NCC), Na+K+2Cl– cotransporters (NKCC1 and NKCC2) and K+Cl– symporters (KCC1-4). While the main pharmacological effect of these diuretics is diuresis, achieved by promoting the excretion of excess water and salt through the kidneys, they have intriguing pharmacological effects beyond their traditional ones which cannot be solely attributed to their effects on renal salt transport. Of particular interest is their role in modulating inflammatory processes. These diuretics appear to exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, potentially by influencing various pathways involved in immune responses. For example, NKCC1 has been implicated in the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL1β), interleukin-8 (IL8) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), which are critical mediators of immune cell activity during inflammation. The underlying mechanisms through which NKCC1 contributes to inflammation may involve key signaling pathways, such as that mediated by the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). This pathway is crucial for the activation and assembly of the inflammasome, as well as for regulating the phagocytic activity of immune cells. In addition, NKCC1 can control (or be controlled by) reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, which contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory conditions as well. Diuretics may help mitigate inflammation-related tissue damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species and boosting antioxidant defenses, thereby restoring redox balance in inflamed tissues. Despite these intriguing effects, the precise molecular pathways through which thiazide, thiazide-like and loop diuretics may modulate inflammatory responses remain poorly understood and warrant further investigation. This aspect of their pharmacological profile highlights their potential for therapeutic use beyond the scope of traditional diuretic functions.
Post-coronary Angiography Stroke in a High-risk Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Allam Jamal A. , Zeid Rayan Abou
Published: January 2025

Stroke, although uncommon, is a serious complication that can occur during cardiac catheterization. It is often caused by emboli, typically from plaques or thrombi dislodged during the procedure. Certain patients, particularly those who are older or have underlying conditions like diabetes and coronary artery disease, may face a higher risk. This case report aims to illustrate post-coronary angiography stroke and highlight the need for swift diagnosis and treatment.

The case involves a 60-year-old male with a history of smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and prior coronary angioplasty, who presented with chest pain. Initial tests, including an EKG and echocardiogram, showed no signs of a heart attack, but further evaluation revealed severe coronary artery disease, leading to a decision for surgery.

The report underscores the importance of recognizing stroke as a potential complication after coronary procedures, especially in patients with multiple risk factors. Early detection and multidisciplinary management are crucial in improving outcomes and reducing complications.
New Concept, Definition and Clinic of Mixed Unit in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Sun Fengli , Zhu Jianfeng , Shen Dong , Gao Zhihan , Zhou Zilin , Jin Haiying , Weidong Jin
Published: January 2025

Objective: To explore a clinical and practical method for diagnosing and evaluating mixed states of bipolar disorder.

Method: Starting from a theoretical perspective, to analyze the forms of expression of mixed states, propose a concept that is different from mixed episode and mixed features to make up for the lack of understanding of mixed states, and this concept is the mixed unit.

Result: The mixed unit is a concept different from mixed episodes and mixed features. It focuses on the mutual modification and influence of depressive and manic symptoms, not only losing the original color of depressive and manic symptoms, but also producing some new symptoms. This, together with mixed episodes and mixed features, constitutes a comprehensive understanding of the mixed state.

Conclusion: The proposal of the mixed unit has completed the understanding of the mixed state of bipolar disorder. The mixed state is a complex phenomenon. The proposal of the mixed unit concept may be beneficial for a comprehensive understanding of the mixed state. The three together form the complete image of the mixed state.
The Formation of In-Betweennees: Iraqi Immigrants' Identity in Heather Raffo's Noura
Authors: Saad Asmaa Mohanad , Khalil Marwa Ismail
Published: January 2025

: Heather Raffo, an Iraqi American playwright, focuses on Iraqi immigrants’ issues and offers a glimpse into their lives by narrating their stories in her plays. Raffo’s drama falls under the category of immigrant literature in which immigrants or their descendants are usually presented. In Noura (2019), Raffo depicts the story of a Christian Iraqi family who fled to the United States to avoid ISIS, a dangerous radical Islamic group. Raffo’s Noura describes the notion of in-betweenness through its characters’ dimensions. Depending on postcolonial theories, this paper analyzes and elucidates the situation of the Iraqi immigrants who fluctuate between the two different cultures of their homeland and their adoptive country. Moreover, this paper highlights how Iraqi immigrants occupy the place of in-betweeness and their in inability to forget their cultural belonging. Depending on Homi Bhabha’s mention of the term ‘in-between’ space to refer to the ‘third Space,’ the Iraqi immigrant characters in Noura designate a transcultural contact zone, hybrid or ‘in-between' space in which they initiate new signs of identity formation. The paper portrays how the cultural encounter causes a sense of confusion among the immigrants and how it affects the construction of their in-between or multicultural identity. Hereby, Noura’s characters develop a new mixed form in which the boundaries between their Iraqi identity and their American identity are blurred and fluid.
From MRI to FEM: an automated pipeline for biomechanical simulations of vertebrae and intervertebral discs
Authors: Nispel Kati , Lerchl Tanja , Gruber Gabriel , Moeller Hendrik , Graf Robert , Senner Veit , Kirschke Jan S.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Biomechanical simulations can enhance our understanding of spinal disorders. Applied to large cohorts, they can reveal complex mechanisms beyond conventional imaging. Therefore, automating the patient-specific modeling process is essential.

Methods

We developed an automated and robust pipeline that generates and simulates biofidelic vertebrae and intervertebral disc finite element method (FEM) models based on automated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentations. In a first step, anatomically-constrained smoothing approaches were implemented to ensure seamless contact surfaces between vertebrae and discs with shared nodes. Subsequently, surface meshes were filled isotropically with tetrahedral elements. Lastly, simulations were executed. The performance of our pipeline was evaluated using a set of 30 patients from an in-house dataset that comprised an overall of 637 vertebrae and 600 intervertebral discs. We rated mesh quality metrics and processing times.

Results

With an average number of 21 vertebrae and 20 IVDs per subject, the average processing time was 4.4 min for a vertebra and 31 s for an IVD. The average percentage of poor quality elements stayed below 2% in all generated FEM models, measured by their aspect ratio. Ten vertebra and seven IVD FE simulations failed to converge.

Discussion

The main goal of our work was to automate the modeling and FEM simulation of both patient-specific vertebrae and intervertebral discs with shared-node surfaces directly from MRI segmentations. The biofidelity, robustness and time-efficacy of our pipeline marks an important step towards investigating large patient cohorts for statistically relevant, biomechanical insight.
In Vitro models of leukemia development: the role of very small leukemic stem-like cells in the cellular transformation cascade
Authors: Lica Jan Jakub , Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka Joanna , Hellmann Andrzej
Published: January 2025

Recent experimental findings indicate that cancer stem cells originate from transformed very small embryonic-like stem cells. This finding represents an essential advancement in uncovering the processes that drive the onset and progression of cancer. In continuously growing cell lines, for the first time, our team’s follow-up research on leukemia, lung cancer, and healthy embryonic kidney cells revealed stages that resembles very small precursor stem cells. This review explores the origin of leukemic stem-like cells from very small leukemic stem-like cells establish from transformed very small embryonic-like stem cells. We explore theoretical model of acute myeloid leukemia initiation and progresses through various stages, as well basing the HL60 cell line, present its hierarchical stage development in vitro, highlighting the role of these very small precursor primitive stages. We also discuss the potential implications of further research into these unique cellular stages for advancing leukemia and cancer treatment and prevention.
Association between teachers' appreciation and students' performance: an analytical cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Fatima Fozia , Siddiqi Fuad Ahmad , Ali Sabir
Published: January 2025

The present study aimed to explore the correlation between teachers' appreciation and students' academic performance in Pakistan's postgraduate education context. A research survey served as the primary methodology for data collection. Using a random sampling technique, students from Master in Health Professions Education (MHPE), Master of Science in Nursing (MSN), and Master in Health Care Administration (HCA) from the National University of Medical Sciences were included in the sample, resulting in 150 participants, evenly split between males and females who voluntarily participated in the research. To ensure the reliability and validity of the survey instrument, a pilot testing phase was implemented. Subsequently, data obtained from the survey were analyzed using statistical methods such as Mean, Percentage, Chi-Square, t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Findings revealed a significant association between teachers' appreciation and students' academic performance at the postgraduate level. Moreover, the study identified that factors such as gender, age, and academic discipline significantly influenced students' perceptions of educators' appreciation, while the distinction between public and private educational backgrounds did not yield any significant variance. Similarly, students' academic performance was significantly influenced by their background, age, and discipline, with gender exhibiting no considerable impact. Consequently, the study underscores the importance of prioritizing the behavioral and attitudinal development of teachers through comprehensive teaching development and training programs. These programs should aim to enhance educators' appreciation of students, thereby potentially fostering improved academic performance among postgraduate students.
Bibliometric analysis of pedagogy of death
Authors: Ramos-Pla Anabel , del Arco Isabel , Mercadé-Melé Pere
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The objective of the present study is to identify the main emerging trends and research lines with respect to pedagogy of death.

Methods

The methodology was based on a bibliometric analysis of the main international scientific contributions found in the Web of Science (WoS) database. A total of 276 articles published between 2010 and 2023 were revised. The data were analyzed with VosViewer and Bibliometrix R which are software tools for building and visualizing bibliometric networks.

Results

The main results show that the publications on pedagogy of death have increased through time, but decreased starting in 2020, both in the number of articles and citations.

Discussion

Scientific evidence is also presented on the need to continue working on pedagogy of death. This study contributes toward maximizing the visibility of pedagogy of death work in different contexts.
Genomic selection for resistance to one pathogenic strain of Vibrio splendidus in blue mussel Mytilus edulis
Authors: Ajithkumar Munusamy , D’Ambrosio Jonathan , Travers Marie-Agnès , Morvezen Romain , Degremont Lionel
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The blue mussel is one of the major aquaculture species worldwide. In France, this species faces a significant threat from infectious disease outbreaks in both mussel farms and the natural environment over the past decade. Diseases caused by various pathogens, particularly Vibrio spp., have posed a significant challenge to the mussel industry. Genetic improvement of disease resistance can be an effective approach to overcoming this issue.

Methods

In this work, we tested genomic selection in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) to understand the genetic basis of resistance to one pathogenic strain of Vibrio splendidus (strain 14/053 2T1) and to predict the accuracy of selection using both pedigree and genomic information. Additionally, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify putative QTLs underlying disease resistance. We conducted an experimental infection involving 2,280 mussels sampled from 24 half-sib families containing each two full-sib families which were injected with V. splendidus. Dead and survivor mussels were all sampled, and among them, 348 dead and 348 surviving mussels were genotyped using a recently published multi-species medium-density 60K SNP array.

Results

From potentially 23.5K SNPs for M. edulis present on the array, we identified 3,406 high-quality SNPs, out of which 2,204 SNPs were successfully mapped onto the recently published reference genome. Heritability for resistance to V. splendidus was moderate ranging from 0.22 to 0.31 for a pedigree-based model and from 0.28 to 0.36 for a genomic-based model.

Discussion

GWAS revealed the polygenic architecture of the resistance trait in the blue mussel. The genomic selection models studied showed overall better performance than the pedigree-based model in terms of accuracy of breeding values prediction. This work provides insights into the genetic basis of resistance to V. splendidus and exemplifies the potential of genomic selection in family-based breeding programs in M. edulis.
The Online Jealousy Scale: an adaptation, extension, and psychometric analysis of the Facebook Jealousy Scale
Authors: Sullivan Kieran T. , Bruchmann Kathryn
Published: January 2025

Objective

To test the reliability and validity of the Online Jealousy Scale.

Background

Romantic jealousy is often examined in online and social media settings and a validated measure of online jealousy is needed.

Method

Across two studies, the present research tests the psychometric properties of the Online Jealousy Scale (adapted from the Facebook Jealousy Scale) on an undergraduate (Study 1, N = 111) and two broader community (Study 2, N = 200; Study 3, N = 143) samples.

Results

Data across all studies provide evidence of strong inter-item and test–retest reliability; and construct, convergent and discriminant validity. Consistent with other jealousy measures, evidence of three factors emerged: emotional, cognitive, and behavioral jealousy.

Discussion

These studies indicate that the OJS is a reliable and valid instrument.

Implications

This measure fills the need for a valid, reliable assessment of online jealousy and can be used in research about online jealousy across age and relationship type. It may also be useful for individual or couple therapy.
Understanding the tumor microenvironment for personalized immunotherapy in early-onset head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shan Yidan , He Di , Yan Fengguo , Huang Weijia
Published: January 2025

Early-onset head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been increasingly observed in recent years, exhibiting distinct tumor behavior and a unique tumor microenvironment (TME) compared to older age groups. Studies suggest that early-onset HNSCC is associated with specific risk factors and prognostic outcomes, while the underlying mechanisms driving these age-related differences remain unclear. In this review, we systematically examined original studies involving young HNSCC patient samples, focusing on the characteristics of the TME and potential for personalized immunotherapy. While further evidence is needed, our findings indicate that the TME in early-onset HNSCC often exhibits higher aggressiveness and immune suppression. Consequently, tailored immunotherapy may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for this distinct patient population.
A self-assembled nanoparticle vaccine elicits effective neutralizing antibody response against EBV infection
Authors: Li Ping , Jiang Ziyi , Shi Jingjing , Sha Haochuan , Yu Zihang , Zhao Yan , Han Sanyang , Ma Lan
Published: January 2025

Background

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a significant global public health concern because of its association with various malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Over 90% of the global population is chronically infected with EBV, impacting numerous cancer-related cases annually. However, none of the effective prophylactic vaccines against EBV is approved at present.

Methods

In this study, we developed a novel vaccine candidate based on epitope peptides from the receptor-binding domain of EBV-encoded gp350 glycoprotein to prevent EBV infection. These epitope peptides detected a binding capability with host cells were then fused by flexibility linkers and expressed in Escherichia coli to reduce the unnecessary glycan modifications to simulate their free-glycan status. The fused recombinant protein (L350) was displayed on the surface of ferritin-based nanoparticle. The immunogenicity of the L350–ferritin nanoparticle was evaluated in Balb/c mice, and the neutralizing titers of sera from immunized mice were detected by means of an infection blocking assay in an in vitro cell model.

Results

All the five epitope peptides could bind to AKATA cells, and their fused recombinant protein (L350) was successfully presented on the surface of self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles. Sera from the L350–ferritin nanoparticle-immunized mice showed high titers of both L350 protein-specific and gp350D123 protein-specific antibodies, and sera from gp350D123 protein-immunized mice could also recognize L350 protein well. Most importantly, the L350–ferritin nanoparticle induced efficient neutralizing antibodies to block EBV-GFP infection in AKATA cells and also constructed a strong antigen-specific B-cell memory in immunized mice. Moreover, histopathological changes of main tissues from all vaccinated mice were not observed.

Conclusion

These data indicate that the L350–ferritin nanoparticle vaccine candidate has considerable potential application in preventing EBV infection and provides a promising basis for developing prophylactic EBV vaccines.
Association of composite dietary antioxidant index with circadian syndrome: evidence from NHANES
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhao Chenyu , Jin Hongyu , Jiang Zhiping , Wang Wei , Li Wen-Yang
Published: January 2025

Background

The Circadian Syndrome (CircS) has been linked to various chronic diseases. However, the relationship between composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and CircS has remained unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between CDAI and CircS.

Methods

Cross-sectional analyses were based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2018. Dietary consumption was assessed via the 24-h diet recall method and CDAI was computed following a validated approach involving six antioxidants. CircS was defined based on metabolic syndrome components, supplemented by short sleep duration and depressive symptoms. The relationship between CDAI and CircS was examined using weighted multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analyses. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was employed to investigate potential nonlinear correlations.

Results

Among 11,048 subjects included (mean age 47.57 years), 2,733 (weighted prevalence = 22.13%) were reported to have CircS. Logistic regression revealed that the highest quartile of CDAI was inversely associated with the risk of CircS {odds ratio (OR) [95% CI = 0.69 (0.55–0.87)]} and the risk of depression [OR = 0.59 (0.48–0.72)], short sleep duration [OR = 0.54 (0.41–0.70)], elevated fasting glucose [OR = 0.80 (0.65–0.98)], elevated triglycerides (TG) [OR = 0.74 (0.59–0.92)], elevated waist circumference [OR = 0.65, (0.52–0.80)] and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [OR = 0.75 (0.61–0.92)], respectively. A dose–response gradient in odds of CircS components was noted as CDAI levels increased, particularly with depression and short sleep duration. RCS showed a non-linear relationship between CDAI and CircS, with a U-shaped correlation found between Zinc and CircS (inflection point 12.63). Subgroup analysis showed BMI modified the inverse association between CDAI and CircS (p for interaction = 0.003).

Conclusion

This study revealed a non-linear and negative association between CDAI and CircS risk, with a U-shaped correlation observed between Zinc and CircS. Obese individuals might not benefit from excessively high CDAI. The results suggest that a higher CDAI score was correlated with a decreased risk of CircS.
Enhancing soybean germination and vigor under water stress: the efficacy of bio-priming with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and gum arabic
Authors: Almakas Aisha , Elrys Ahmed S. , Desoky El-Sayed M. , Al-Shuraym Laila A. , Alhag Sadeq K. , Alshaharni Mohammed O. , Alnadari Fawze , NanNan Zhang , Farooq Zunaira , El-Tarabily Khaled A. , Zhao Tuanjie
Published: January 2025

Seed priming can significantly enhance the tolerance of soybean against different environmental stresses by improving seed water uptake and modulating stress-response mechanisms. In particular, seed priming with sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) and gum Arabic (GA) can support seeds to withstand extreme conditions better, promoting more consistent germination and robust seedling establishment, which is crucial for achieving stable agricultural yields. The present study investigated the effects of seed priming using a combination of SCMC and GA (10% CG) on the germination, growth, and biochemical responses of six soybean varieties under drought and flooding stress conditions. The results revealed significant differences among varieties and applied treatments on germination, vigor, and physiological traits. Under drought stress, seed priming with 10% CG significantly improved germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, root length, and biomass compared to unprimed seeds. Notable reductions in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), suggest that 10% CG priming mitigates oxidative damage through enhanced antioxidant defense mechanisms. Moreover, 10% CG seed priming improved germination and growth parameters under flooding stress, but the advantages were less significant. In addition, the priming treatment significantly reduced electrolyte conductivity (EC) across all varieties compared to unprimed seeds, indicating improved membrane stability. Overall, 10% CG seed priming was more effective under drought and flooding conditions, demonstrating a potential strategy for enhancing stress tolerance in soybean varieties.
Controlling shareholders’ equity pledge and corporate innovation investment—empirical analysis based on pharmaceutical manufacturing
Authors: Li Jiawen , Zhao Xingyu , Wang Su , Chen Yuwen
Published: January 2025

Enterprise innovation investment is influenced by the actions of innovation subjects, whereas regulating shareholders’ equity pledge behavior facilitates innovation investment and finance but also carries dangers and affects enterprise innovation investment. Methods:This paper builds an unbalanced panel model to empirically analyze the impact of controlling shareholders’ equity pledges on corporate innovation and its heterogeneous characteristics. It also looks at the moderating role of corporate financing constraints and the mediating role of equity incentives, using data from A-share listed companies in China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry from 2015 to 2022. Innovation investment is substantially inversely correlated with controlling shareholders’ equity pledge; that is, firms’ creative behavior and intensity are inhibited by equity pledge. Results and conclusions:The results also show that controlling shareholders’ equity commitments have a more pronounced negative impact on enterprises’ ability to innovate than non-state-owned and decentralized equity firms. The relationship between company innovation and the equity pledge of controlling shareholders is somewhat mediated by equity incentives. The relationship between controlling shareholders’ equity promises and enterprises’ innovation is negatively moderated by financing limitations, which also reduces R&D expenditure and stifles innovation.
Unveiling the determinants of femicide in Ecuador: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Díaz-Sánchez Juan Pablo , Lanchimba Cintya , Albuja Diego , Ramírez Yulissa
Published: January 2025

This paper reports an investigation of the determinants of femicide using the context of Ecuador as case of study. To do so, we use official data spanning 2018 to 2022 from the National Survey on Family Relations and Gender Violence against Women in Ecuador with a dataset revealing 1,325 femicides and violent deaths of cisgender women and girls. Using a probit regression model, we find that several variables related to perpetrators’ such as level of education, employment status, and variables related to the crime itself such as location emerge as pivotal factors in understanding femicide incidents. This study contributes to a more profound comprehension of femicide’s multifaceted determinants, emphasizing the dynamic nature of these factors. The research aids in the development of evidence-based policies to address this societal issue effectively.
Temperature Sensitivity Response of Soil Enzyme Activity to Simulated Climate Change at Growth Stages of Winter Wheat
Authors: Jiang Yaokun , Lu Bingbing , Liang Meng , Wu Yang , Li Yuanze , Zhao Ziwen , Liu Guobin , Xue Sha
Published: January 2025

In recent years, research on farmland soil stability has gained attention due to climate change. Studying the thermal stability of soil enzymes at key crop growth stages in response to increased CO2, drought, and warming is critical for evaluating climate change impacts on crop production and soil ecosystem stability. Despite its importance, research on the thermal stability of soil nutrient cycling enzymes remains limited. A pot experiment was conducted using the soil of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of China’s main grain crops, as the research object. An artificial climate chamber was used to simulate four growth stages of winter wheat (jointing stage, flowering stage, grain filling stage, and maturity stage). Different levels of CO2 concentration (400 and 800 μmol mol−1), temperature conditions (current temperature and 4 °C higher), and water conditions (80% and 60% of field water capacity) were set, and their interactions were examined. By analyzing the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil enzyme activities related to soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) cycles in response to different treatments, the results showed that doubling CO2 concentration decreased soil C cycle enzyme Q10 and increased soil N and P cycle enzyme Q10 significantly. Additionally, soil C cycle enzyme Q10 decreased with increasing temperature, while other enzymes showed inconsistent responses. Mild drought significantly decreased the soil N-cycling enzyme Q10 in the early growth stage of winter wheat and the soil P-cycling enzyme Q10 in each growth stage, but significantly increased the soil N-cycling enzyme Q10 in the mature stage. The interaction between CO2 concentration doubling and warming exhibited a single-factor superimposed effect in reducing soil C cycle enzyme Q10. Moreover, doubling CO2 concentration offset the effect of mild drought stress on soil P cycle enzyme Q10. Above-ground biomass, soil total dissolved nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen were identified as the primary factors influencing soil C, N, and P cycling enzyme Q10. This study is of great significance in exploring the effects of global warming on food production and the mechanism of soil ecosystem functional stability under future climate change.
Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gracillimus’ Shows Strong Submergence Tolerance Implying Its Potential Utilization in Construction of Ecological Ditches
Authors: Zhao Chunqiao , Wu Ting , Chang Aoxiang , Fan Zhenyu , Li Xiaona , Li Cui , Zheng Mei , Sun Yu , Wan Xiuyun , Meng Jie , Zhang Jing , Chen Zebing , Zhao Di , Guo Qiang , Hou Xincun , Fan Xifeng
Published: January 2025

This study focused on three drought-tolerant grasses, namely Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gracillimus’ (Mis), Pennisetum alopecuroides ‘Ziguang’ (Pen), and Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski ‘Jingcao No. 2′ (Ely), selected from nine species. Despite limited knowledge regarding their tolerance to submergence and responses to this stress, these three grasses were chosen for investigation. The three grass species were exposed to varying durations of submergence (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 days) in a greenhouse setting. Subsequently, their growth characteristics, physiological traits, and nitrogen accumulation were evaluated. The study found that all three grass species exhibited flood tolerance, with Mis showing the strongest resistance. Under an 11-day flooding treatment, there was no significant trend in the above-ground biomass of Mis. Flooding significantly reduced the root-to-stem ratio, with Pen and Ely exhibiting more pronounced declines than Mis. The chlorophyll content in Mis decreased by 38%, compared to 41% in Pen and 60% in Ely. The root activity of the most affected species dropped by 88.6%, and nitrogen accumulation was inhibited with longer flooding durations. Pen’s nitrogen levels decreased significantly across treatments, while no significant changes were observed in Mis. Ely’s nitrogen assimilation initially increased until T4, after which it began to decline, reflecting similar trends in above-ground biomass. These findings suggest that flood tolerance is linked to nutrient uptake and photosynthetic capacity, highlighting Mis as the most suitable grass species for flood-prone areas and recommending its use in ecological ditch construction in China. This study provides material selection for the construction of ecological ditches.
The Spatial Relationship Between Two Sympatric Pheasant Species and Various Human Disturbance Activities
Authors: Wang Lanrong , Lu Yuting , Cai Yinfan , Ji Liling , Pang Dapeng , Zhou Meisheng , Cheng Yang , Pu Faguang , Zhang Baowei
Published: January 2025

Establishing and managing nature reserves to mitigate wildlife habitat loss and fragmentation is challenging, particularly in the face of increasing human activity. To understand how wildlife coexists in environments affected by anthropogenic disturbances, we conducted a 19-month survey examining the Reeves’s pheasant (Syrmaticus reevesii) and Koklass pheasant (Pucrasia macrolopha) in the Anhui Tianma National Nature Reserve, China. Previous studies of large terrestrial birds focused primarily on livestock impacts, with less attention given to other human activities. We used occupancy models and performed daytime activity rhythm analysis based on camera trap data to examine the spatiotemporal responses of these species to human activities, livestock, and domestic dogs. The results showed that human disturbance activities within the reserve impact the distribution patterns of Reeves’s pheasant and Koklass pheasant, but the effect was not significant. In high-disturbance environments, both species adjusted their activity times to avoid direct or indirect interactions with humans, livestock, and dogs. These findings provide insights for replanning core and creation of buffer zones within the reserve and have broader implications for conservation strategies in similar habitats. Our study suggests that well-designed conservation objectives can balance species protection with sustainable human presence.
Activity of Antiseptics Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Its Adaptation Potential
Authors: Karpiński Tomasz M. , Korbecka-Paczkowska Marzena , Stasiewicz Mark , Mrozikiewicz Aleksandra E. , Włodkowic Donald , Cielecka-Piontek Judyta
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa rapidly acquires antibiotic resistance and demonstrates increasing tolerance to antiseptics. This study evaluated the activity of eight antiseptics against P. aeruginosa, assessed its ability to develop adaptation to these antiseptics, and, for the first time, determined the Karpinski Adaptation Index (KAI) for this bacterium. Methods: The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), susceptibility to antibiotics, bactericidal time according to EN 1040:2005, adaptation potential, and KAI of P. aeruginosa strains were evaluated. Results: The most effective antiseptics against P. aeruginosa, based on MIC activity, were octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT; mean MIC 11.3 ± 4.5 µg/mL), polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB; MIC 22.6 ± 8.0 µg/mL), and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX; MIC 26.6 ± 14.4 µg/mL). Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethacridine lactate (ET) showed moderate activity, while boric acid (BA), povidone-iodine (PVI), and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) exhibited the weakest MIC activity. MIC values for NaOCl (95 ± 15.4 µg/mL) and KMnO4 (>10 mg/mL) were close to or exceeded the clinical concentrations used in commercial products. OCT, CHX, and PVI exhibited the fastest bactericidal effect within 1 min. Bactericidal times were up to 15 min for PHMB, up to 60 min for ET, and more than 60 min for BA, NaOCl, and KMnO4. The lowest KAI values, indicating a low resistance risk, were observed for OCT (0.12), PHMB (0.19), and BA (0.19). Moderate resistance risk was noted for PVI (0.21), CHX (0.29), and ET (0.47). The highest KAI values, signifying a very high resistance risk, were found for NaOCl (1.0) and KMnO4 (≥1.0). Conclusions: Antiseptics like OCT, CHX, and partially PVI can be critical in quick antibacterial action on infected wounds, while agents such as PHMB might be reserved for cases where prolonged contact times are possible. Given the rapid adaptation of P. aeruginosa to the clinical concentrations of NaOCl and KMnO4 currently in use, reconsideration of their effectiveness in treating skin and mucous membrane infections is recommended.
The Protective Effects of Melatonin on Hainan Black Goats Under Heat Stress: Understanding Its Actions and Mechanisms
Authors: Wu Hao , Qin Baochun , Yang Guang , Ji Pengyun , Gao Yu , Zhang Lu , Wang Bingyuan , Liu Guoshi
Published: January 2025

As the global climate changes, high temperatures will cause heat stress, which significantly affects the productive efficiency of livestock. Currently, there is a lack of efficient methods to use in targeting this issue. In this study, we report that melatonin supplementation may represent an alternative method to reduce the negative impact of heat stress on livestock, particularly in Hainan black goats. Our results show that melatonin treatment increased the average daily gain of Hainan black goats that were exposed to constantly high temperatures for two months compared to controls. Our mechanistic exploration revealed that melatonin treatment not only reduced the oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction caused by heat stress but also improved goats’ metabolic capacity, promoting their growth and development. More importantly, for the first time, we observed that melatonin treatment modified the abundance of the intestinal microflora, altering the metabolism of the goats, which further improved their tolerance to constant heat stress.
Damage Limit Velocity and Fracture Patterns in Single Glass Plates Impacted by Steel Balls of Varying Diameters
Authors: Kim Sanghee , Mun Ju-Hyun , Park Saehan , Choi Changho , Hong Seongwon
Published: January 2025

Slingshots, traditionally viewed as children’s toys, have recently been modified for malicious purposes, including firing steel balls at building windows, causing significant damage. This misuse necessitates the development of methods to estimate impact velocity and launch point based on glass damage patterns at incident scenes. To achieve this, a comprehensive database correlating glass damage shapes with steel ball diameters is essential. This study conducted experiments to investigate the damage patterns of 5 mm thick glass upon impact with 8 mm and 10 mm steel balls. The damage limit velocities for 8 mm and 10 mm steel balls to cause damage to 5 mm glass were approximately 40 m/s and 21 m/s, respectively. Glass damage was categorized into two types: cone cracks and perforated holes. While cone crack patterns were similar for both 8 mm and 10 mm steel balls, perforation patterns exhibited distinct tendencies. Consequently, the impact velocity of each steel ball can be estimated based on the size of the perforated hole. However, determining the steel ball diameter solely from the size of the cone crack and perforated hole remains challenging.
Optimizing Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield in Winter Barley: A Three-Year Study of Fertilization Systems in Southern Germany
Authors: Mittermayer Martin , Maidl Franz-Xaver , Donauer Joseph , Kimmelmann Stefan , Liebl Johannes , Hülsbergen Kurt-Jürgen
Published: January 2025

Various fertilization systems have been developed to optimize nitrogen (N) application, yet their effectiveness remains a topic of debate in both science and practice. This study evaluates the effects of 28 N fertilization treatments on yield, quality, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), N surplus, and economic optima in two winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties—a multi-row and a two-row type—across a three-year field trial (2021–2023). Specifically, it compares the performance of fertilizer requirement calculations based on the German Fertilizer Application Ordinance (GFO), multispectral sensor-based fertilization systems, and fixed N input treatments. Under the trial conditions (highly productive fields without organic fertilization for decades), the GFO system consistently achieved high yields (>10 t ha−1) and NUE (up to 88%) for both barley varieties, often near economically optimal N rates and with minimal N surpluses. Sensor-based systems demonstrated promising potential for yield optimization and reducing N input; however, they did not result in significantly higher yields. Further research is needed to assess the performance of these fertilization systems under different conditions, such as sandy soils in regions with early-summer droughts or in systems involving organic fertilization.
Comparative Study of Noise Control in Micro Turbojet Engines with Chevron and Ejector Nozzles Through Statistical, Acoustic and Imaging Insight
Authors: Bogoi Alina , Cican Grigore , Gall Mihnea , Totu Andrei , Crunțeanu Daniel Eugeniu , Levențiu Constantin
Published: January 2025

In connection with subsonic jet noise production, this study investigates acoustic noise reduction in micro turbojet engines by comparing ejector and chevron nozzle configurations to a baseline. Through detailed statistical analysis, including assessments of stationarity and ergodicity, the current work validates that the noise signals from turbojet engines could be treated as wide-sense ergodic. This further allows to use time averages in acoustic measurements. Acoustic analysis reveals that the chevron nozzle reduces overall SPL by 1.28%, outperforming the ejector’s 0.51% reduction. Despite the inherent challenges of Schlieren imaging, an in-house code enabled a more refined analysis. By examining the fine-scale turbulent structures, one concludes that chevrons promote higher mixing rates and smaller vortices, aligning with the statistical findings of noise reduction. Schlieren imaging provided visual insight into turbulence behavior across operational regimes, showing that chevrons generate smaller, controlled vortices near the nozzle, which improve mixing and reduce noise. At high speeds, chevrons maintain a confined, high-frequency turbulence that attenuated noise more effectively, while the ejector creates larger structures that contribute to low-frequency noise propagation. Comparison underscores the superior noise-reduction capabilities of chevrons with respect to the ejector, particularly at high-speed. The enhanced Schlieren analysis allowed for new frame-specific insights into turbulence patterns based on density gradients, providing a valuable tool for identifying turbulence features and understanding jet flow dynamics.
Correction: Monteoliva et al. Quantum Mixtures and Information Loss in Many-Body Systems. AppliedMath 2024, 4, 570–579
Authors: Monteoliva Diana , Plastino Angelo , Plastino Angel Ricardo
Published: January 2025

In the original publication [...]
Magnesium Alginate as an Electrolyte for Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Kwakernaak Markus C. , Kiriinya Lindah K. , Legerstee Walter J. , Berghmans Winok M. J. , Hofman Caspar G. T. , Kelder Erik M.
Published: January 2025

We present magnesium alginate as an aqueous polymer electrolyte for use in magnesium batteries. Alginates are polysaccharides extracted from algae, which form hydrogel materials upon interaction with divalent and trivalent cations. They are renewable, non-toxic, biocompatible materials that are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Mg2+ is weakly bound to an alginate polymer, which results in a hydrogel-like material that contains mobile magnesium ions. We propose that this is the ideal situation for an electrolyte that behaves in a similar way as a ‘water-in-salt’ system. Magnesium alginate was successfully synthesized and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and PDF. Ionic conductivity was measured with EIS measurements; a 2 wt% magnesium electrolyte shows a conductivity of 1.8 mS/cm. During conductivity experiments, we noticed the formation of a black layer on magnesium electrodes, which can improve the ionic conductivity between the electrodes. We carefully characterized this layer with XPS and saw that it mainly consists of alginate derivatives.
Effects of an Avatar Control on VR Embodiment
Authors: Kim DoHyung , Yeo Halim , Park Kyoungju
Published: January 2025

The motion control of the virtual avatar enhances a sense of embodiment in a virtual reality (VR). Yet, the detailed relationship between motion control, assigned tasks, and the sense of embodiment remains unclear. We aim to investigate the relationships between degrees of control on a full-body avatar and three elements of the sense of embodiment: the sense of self-location, agency, and ownership in standalone and interaction tasks. To do this, we conducted a user study with three conditions of control over a full-body avatar. The types of control are (1) Low—control of an upper-body avatar, (2) Mid—control of a full-body avatar from three sensors, and (3) High—control of a full-body avatar from six sensors. These three control methods, which were used to animate the avatars and imitate the users’ pose, differ in accuracy and stability. Participants embodied three kinds of control and performed a single-user task (obstacle avoidance) and a multi-user task (catch-ball). Our results indicate that the degree of control impacts participants’ embodiment. However, there was no significant difference between high- and mid-control in the multi-user task, which was a different result from the single-user task. This suggests for virtual bodies that the participants capacity to control and see are the same or different, which may affect embodiment. Our result also shows that the multi-user task enhanced the sense of embodiment compared to the single-user task in the low- and mid-control avatars. Yet, the multi-user task decreased the sense of agency of the high-control avatar. This suggests that a failure of the assigned task may affect the sense of agency, especially when it is close to success, yielding revulsion. We further elucidate the insights into the relationship between the degree of control, the assigned tasks, and the elements of a sense of embodiment.
An Exploration of the Cellular Microenvironment of the Female Pig Urethra: Translational Insights for Urological Research
Authors: Cartes Agustín , Stoore Caroll , Baquedano María Soledad , Hidalgo Christian , Lillo Felipe , Landerer Eduardo , Ramírez-Toloza Galia , Paredes Rodolfo
Published: January 2025

Urinary incontinence is a widespread issue, particularly among women, with effective treatments remaining elusive. The pig, and especially the female pig, stands as a promising animal model for the study of this condition, due to its anatomical similarities to humans. The aim of this study was to explore the largely uncharted muscular structure of the female pig urethra, linking urethral muscle dysfunction to incontinence. We examined histological sections from the urethras of six sows using Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining for morphometric analysis. The statistical significance of cellular disposition was determined through analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a Tukey post hoc test to elucidate specific inter-group differences. Our analysis revealed segment-specific epithelial differences, including variations in cell layers, sparse acinar glands, rich vasculature, and distinct muscle fibers with diverse regional distributions. Notably, significant differences in muscular area and tissue distribution were identified between the proximal, middle, and distal segments of the urethra (p < 0.001). The observed anatomical variations, along with the cellular similarities between pigs and humans, establish the female pig as a crucial translational model for advancing urological research. Specifically, these findings provide a foundation for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies and surgical techniques that can be directly applied to improve outcomes in human urological conditions.