bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Future of plasma etching for microelectronics: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Oehrlein Gottlieb S. , Brandstadter Stephan M. , Bruce Robert L. , Chang Jane P. , DeMott Jessica C. , Donnelly Vincent M. , Dussart Rémi , Fischer Andreas , Gottscho Richard A. , Hamaguchi Satoshi , Honda Masanobu , Hori Masaru , Ishikawa Kenji , Jaloviar Steven G. , Kanarik Keren J. , Karahashi Kazuhiro , Ko Akiteru , Kothari Hiten , Kuboi Nobuyuki , Kushner Mark J. , Lill Thorsten , Luan Pingshan , Mesbah Ali , Miller Eric , Nath Shoubhanik , Ohya Yoshinobu , Omura Mitsuhiro , Park Chanhoon , Poulose John , Rauf Shahid , Sekine Makoto , Smith Taylor G. , Stafford Nathan , Standaert Theo , Ventzek Peter L. G.
Published: June 2024

Plasma etching is an essential semiconductor manufacturing technology required to enable the current microelectronics industry. Along with lithographic patterning, thin-film formation methods, and others, plasma etching has dynamically evolved to meet the exponentially growing demands of the microelectronics industry that enables modern society. At this time, plasma etching faces a period of unprecedented changes owing to numerous factors, including aggressive transition to three-dimensional (3D) device architectures, process precision approaching atomic-scale critical dimensions, introduction of new materials, fundamental silicon device limits, and parallel evolution of post-CMOS approaches. The vast growth of the microelectronics industry has emphasized its role in addressing major societal challenges, including questions on the sustainability of the associated energy use, semiconductor manufacturing related emissions of greenhouse gases, and others. The goal of this article is to help both define the challenges for plasma etching and point out effective plasma etching technology options that may play essential roles in defining microelectronics manufacturing in the future. The challenges are accompanied by significant new opportunities, including integrating experiments with various computational approaches such as machine learning/artificial intelligence and progress in computational approaches, including the realization of digital twins of physical etch chambers through hybrid/coupled models. These prospects can enable innovative solutions to problems that were not available during the past 50 years of plasma etch development in the microelectronics industry. To elaborate on these perspectives, the present article brings together the views of various experts on the different topics that will shape plasma etching for microelectronics manufacturing of the future.
Effects of nitrogen flow on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (TiZrNbMoTa)N high-entropy nitride films by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Liu Yuanpeng , Nie Kaishan , Tian Shuai , Zhang Zhengyi , Li Zheng , Wang Dong , Hu Jibo
Published: June 2024

The binary nitride coatings corresponding to Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Ta have good thermal stability, hardening wear resistance, and high-temperature oxidation resistance. Therefore, the high-entropy alloy nitride coating composed of these five elements is expected to show excellent mechanical properties, and it is suitable for extending tool life in dry-cutting environments. In this paper, (TiZrNbMoTa)Nx high-entropy nitride films were synthesized using a multitarget nonequilibrium magnetron sputtering technique. The paper aimed at investigating the effects of different nitrogen flow rates (FN) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the films. The results show that, with the increase in FN, the deposition rate gradually decreased, the films exhibited a face-centered cubic structure, and the grain gradually changed from coarse columnar crystals to ultrafine grain structures. The hardness, elastic modulus, and binding force all showed a tendency to increase and then decreased with increasing FN. The hardness and elastic modulus reached their maximum values of 34.39 and 400.97 GPa, respectively, at an FN of 60 SCCM, and the formation of covalent bonds and grain refinement promoted the increase in hardness. This research provided a theoretical foundation for designing and preparing high-entropy ceramic coatings with high performance.
Criterion Validity and Reliability of 2 Brief Physical Activity Questionnaires in Ethnically Diverse Adults
Authors: Quiles Norberto N. , Uher David , Balachandran Anoop , Ortiz Alexis , Garber Carol
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The study compares moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) as evaluated by the Exercise Vital Signs (EVS) and Physical Activity Vital Signs (PAVS) questionnaires to accelerometry, and evaluates the reliability of the questionnaires in ethnically diverse adults. Methods: Ninety-nine participants (mean age 38.1 y; 49.5% women; Hispanics 43.8%; European American 18.8%; African American 14.6%) were included in the analyses. Participants wore an accelerometer at the hip for at least 7 days and completed the EVS and PAVS questionnaires at the beginning (T1) and at the end (T2) of the 7 days. Associations between the questionnaires and accelerometry were examined using Spearman rho. The reliability of the questionnaires was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient. Sensitivity and specificity were also calculated. Results: Weak positive correlations were observed between the accelerometer MVPA and the EVS MVPA at T2 (ρ = .263, P = .013), and the PAVS MVPA at T2 (ρ = .327, P = .003). The sensitivity of the EVS and PAVS was 73.2% and 82.6%, respectively. The specificity for each questionnaire was 35.3%. The reliability for the EVS questionnaire (intraclass correlation coefficient = .855; 95% CI, .791–.901; P < .001) was good, while the reliability of the PAVS questionnaire (intraclass correlation coefficient = .652; 95% CI, .511–.758; P < .001) was moderate. Conclusion: Caution should be used when utilizing the EVS and PAVS questionnaires in ethnically diverse adults.
An Exploration of the Use of Twitter as a Professional Development Platform for In-Service Secondary School Physical Educators
Authors: Haslam Olivia , Casey Ashley
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To explore secondary school physical educators’ use of Twitter (now X) for professional development, examining engagement patterns and evolution over time through the lens of sense of community theory. Method: Sixty-one secondary school physical educators completed a questionnaire shared on Twitter (now X). Ten teachers also completed individual semistructured interviews. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Three themes were constructed: (a) physical educator Twitter engagement and its impact, (b) evolution of educators Twitter use over time, and (c) opportunities and advice for physical educators. Discussion/Conclusion: This study explored how physical educators use Twitter (X) for professional development and highlighted its impact on teaching practices, networking, and professional opportunities while noting concerns about the pressure of being perfect and the control exerted by X’s algorithms. Future research should assess the consistency of these findings and explore Twitter’s rebranding to X and its implications for users’ community sense and engagement.
The reduced net carbon uptake over Northern Hemisphere land causes the close-to-normal CO
2
growth rate in 2021 La Niña
Authors: Liu Junjie , Baker David , Basu Sourish , Bowman Kevin , Byrne Brendan , Chevallier Frederic , He Wei , Jiang Fei , Johnson Matthew S. , Kubar Terence L. , Li Xing , Liu Zhiqiang , Miller Scot M. , Philip Sajeev , Xiao Jingfeng , Yun Jeongmin , Zeng Ning
Published: June 2024

La Niña climate anomalies have historically been associated with substantial reductions in the atmospheric CO
2
growth rate. However, the 2021 La Niña exhibited a unique near-neutral impact on the CO
2
growth rate. In this study, we investigate the underlying mechanisms by using an ensemble of net CO
2
fluxes constrained by CO
2
observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 in conjunction with estimates of gross primary production and fire carbon emissions. Our analysis reveals that the close-to-normal atmospheric CO
2
growth rate in 2021 was the result of the compensation between increased net carbon uptake over the tropics and reduced net carbon uptake over the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes. Specifically, we identify that the extreme drought and warm anomalies in Europe and Asia reduced the net carbon uptake and offset 72% of the increased net carbon uptake over the tropics in 2021. This study contributes to our broader understanding of how regional processes can shape the trajectory of atmospheric CO
2
concentration under climate change.
Localized thermal emission from topological interfaces
Authors: Ergoktas M. Said , Kecebas Ali , Despotelis Konstantinos , Soleymani Sina , Bakan Gokhan , Kocabas Askin , Principi Alessandro , Rotter Stefan , Ozdemir Sahin K. , Kocabas Coskun
Published: June 2024

The control of thermal radiation by shaping its spatial and spectral emission characteristics plays a key role in many areas of science and engineering. Conventional approaches to tailoring thermal emission using metamaterials are hampered both by the limited spatial resolution of the required subwavelength material structures and by the materials’ strong absorption in the infrared. In this work, we demonstrate an approach based on the concept of topology. By changing a single parameter of a multilayer coating, we were able to control the reflection topology of a surface, with the critical point of zero reflection being topologically protected. The boundaries between subcritical and supercritical spatial domains host topological interface states with near-unity thermal emissivity. These topological concepts enable unconventional manipulation of thermal light for applications in thermal management and thermal camouflage.
Chronic myeloid leukaemia with soft tissue mass formed by mature granulocytes
Authors: Koto Soichi , Kanda Yoshinobu , Ohnou Nobuhito , Morita Yoshinori
Published: June 2024

Extramedullary lesions in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) suggest progression to the blast phase because such lesions generally consist of immature granulocytes. We here report a case of an extramedullary mass formed by mature granulocytes during the chronic phase of CML. A 60-year-old woman who had discontinued treatment for CML with dasatinib of her own accord several years ago presented to our hospital with a complaint of right thigh pain. She had a mass on her right leg, which was located on her right thigh and was elastic, soft and fist-sized. Blood tests and the bone marrow findings were compatible with the chronic phase of CML, and a CT-guided needle biopsy showed an infiltrate containing numerous mature neutrophils and foam cells. The mass disappeared with dasatinib alone, without antibacterial agents or drainage.

Although the detailed pathogenesis of mass formation with mature granulocytes in the chronic phase of CML has not been elucidated, the clinical course of the current case highlights the importance of prompt biopsy, pathological examination and the early initiation of appropriate treatment.
Review of psychological effects of dog bites in children
Authors: Westgarth Carri , Provazza Serena , Nicholas Jade , Gray Victoria
Published: June 2024

Background

Dog bites are a concerning health problem in children and one of the leading causes of non-fatal injuries in this population. Dog attacks not only cause physical injuries but can also lead to long-term psychological problems. A review was performed to investigate the scope of literature on the psychological effects of dog bites on a paediatric population.

Methods

A literature search was performed on Web of Knowledge database between 1982 to June 2023, returning 249 results. 14 primary studies reporting the psychological consequences of dog bites in children or adolescents were classed as eligible and 9 further studies were added from prior knowledge and bibliographical searches. 23 studies involving 1894 participants met the criteria and were included in this review.

Results

Of these 23 studies, 8 were case studies or small case series reports (up to n=4), 14 larger descriptive studies and 1 analytical cross-sectional study. There was a mixture of retrospective and prospective data-gathering. The most common psychological consequences of dog bites in children were post-traumatic stress disorder, dog phobia, nightmares and symptoms of anxiety and avoidance behaviours.

Conclusions

Studies on dog bites in a paediatric population with a specific focus on the psychological consequences associated with dog bites and their management are sparse. Future research and practice should more greatly consider the psychological impact on child victims of dog bites and their family members, as well as their management to avoid the development of mental health issues and improve their quality of life. Future research also needs to ascertain the efficacy of using virtual reality in treating children with dog phobia.
Determinants of neural tube defect among newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care units of teaching hospitals in Gedeo Zone and Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia: a case–control study
Authors: Zemeskel Addisu Getnet , Figa Zerihun , Gido Rediet , Tesfa Getanew Aschalew , Gebeyehu Kasse , Destaw Belete , Abebe Mesfin , Girma Bekahegn , Bimer Kirubel Biweta , Mekonnen Daniel Kebede
Published: June 2024

Background

Neural tube defects are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality that can occur in the early pregnancy periods. Though the burden is high, it gains only limited attention. In Ethiopia, the estimated number of neural tube defect cases was significantly higher. So, identifying factors contributing to it would be significant for planning risk reduction and preventive strategies. Therefore, identifying the possible determinants was aimed at this study.

Methods

A hospital-based, unmatched case–control study was conducted on 104 cases and 208 controls selected from neonatal intensive care units of teaching hospitals in Gedeo Zone and Sidama Region, southern Ethiopia from December 2021 to November 2022. All neural tube defect cases were included consecutively and controls were selected by using a simple random sampling method. Data were collected using interviewer-administered semistructured questionnaires. Data analysis was done by using SPSS V.25. Binary logistic regression was used, and variables with a p value less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model. An adjusted OR with a 95% CI was estimated, and finally, variables that show a level of p value less than 0.05 in multivariable analysis were declared statistically significant.

Result

After controlling confounders, factors such as unplanned pregnancy 2.20 (95% CI 1.20 to 4.041), history of abortions 2.09 (95% CI 1.19 to 3.67), khat chewing 6.67 (95% CI 2.95 to 15.06), antipyretic and analgesic medications 2.87 (95% CI 1.47 to 5.56) and, being a female neonate 2.11 (95% CI 1.21 to 3.67) were significantly associated with a neural tube defect.

Conclusion

This study has identified some determinants of neural tube defects. Hence, the behavioural, medical and obstetrical conditions of mothers need serious evaluation in the prepregnancy period. So, improving preconception counselling and prenatal care practices would have a significant role in reducing the risk of neural tube defects.
IOC Olympian Health Cohort: a study protocol for a 15-year, prospective, Olympian health study across Summer and Winter Olympic sports
Authors: Palmer Debbie , Soligard Torbjorn , Fernandes Gwen , Collins Dave , Elliott Niall , Kelly Paul , Murray Iain , Engbretsen Lars
Published: June 2024

Prevention of sports injury and illness and protection of athlete health are key mandates of the IOC. Methodological limitations in Olympic Games surveillance and retired Olympian studies mean there are gaps in the available evidence on Olympian health and the varied challenges occurring at different stages throughout an athlete’s career. This (protocol) paper describes the methods for implementation of the IOC Olympian Health Cohort. The study aims to establish a longitudinal cohort of current Olympians and follow them prospectively (around 15 years) throughout their Olympic careers and retirement. The study will use participants who have completed self-report questionnaires. Olympians will be recruited after each Summer and Winter Olympic Games, and all National Olympic Committee (NOC) athletes aged 16 years or older are eligible. The first phase included the Tokyo 2020/2021 and Beijing 2022 Olympians, with the study promoted via IOC platforms, Athlete365 and NOCs. Questionnaires include baseline demographics, sports exposure and history of injuries and illnesses impacting the athlete’s ability to continue to train and/or compete for at least 2 weeks. Questions also address retirement from sports, musculoskeletal, mental and general health, and quality of life measures. This protocol describes the methods for the 15-year global IOC Olympian Health Cohort Study, from participant recruitment to the development and distribution of the study questionnaire. This protocol will be updated to report future changes in the study’s conduct or questionnaire content. These data will help identify risk factors and inform risk-reduction strategies. The ultimate goal is to protect the health of all athletes during their careers and retirement.
Blinatumomab as postremission therapy replaces consolidation and substantial parts of maintenance chemotherapy and results in stable MRD negativity in children with newly diagnosed B-lineage ALL
Authors: Mikhailova Ekaterina , Popov Alexander , Roumiantseva Julia , Budanov Oleg , Lagoyko Svetlana , Zharikova Liudmila , Miakova Natalia , Litvinov Dmitry , Khachatryan Lili , Pshonkin Alexey , Ponomareva Natalia , Boichenko Elmira , Varfolomeeva Svetlana , Dinikina Julia , Novichkova Galina , Henze Guenter , Karachunskiy Alexander
Published: June 2024

The bispecific T cell-binding antibody blinatumomab (CD19/CD3) is widely and successfully used for the treatment of children with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Here, we report the efficacy of a single course of blinatumomab instead of consolidation chemotherapy to eliminate minimal residual disease (MRD) and maintain stable MRD-negativity in children with primary BCP-ALL.

Between February 2020 and November 2022, 177 children with non-high-risk BCP-ALL were enrolled in the ALL-MB 2019 pilot study (NCT04723342). Patients received the usual risk-adapted induction therapy according to the ALL-MB 2015 protocol. Those who achieved a complete remission at the end of induction (EOI) received treatment with blinatumomab immediately after induction at a dose of 5 μg/m2/day for 7 days and 21 days at a dose of 15 μg/m2/day, followed by 12 months of maintenance therapy. MRD was measured using multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) at the EOI, then immediately after blinatumomab treatment, and then four times during maintenance therapy at 3-month intervals.

All 177 patients successfully completed induction therapy and achieved a complete hematological remission. In 174 of these, MFC-MRD was measured at the EOI. 143 patients (82.2%) were MFC-MRD negative and the remaining 31 patients had varying degrees of MFC-MRD positivity.

MFC-MRD was assessed in all 176 patients who completed the blinatumomab course. With one exception, all patients achieved MFC-MRD negativity after blinatumomab, regardless of the MFC-MRD score at EOI. One adolescent girl with high MFC-MRD positivity at EOI remained MFC-MRD positive. Of 175 patients who had completed 6 months of maintenance therapy, MFC-MRD data were available for 156 children. Of these, 155 (99.4%) were MFC-MRD negative. Only one boy with t(12;21) (p13;q22)/ETV6::RUNX1became MFC-MRD positive again. The remaining 174 children had completed the entire therapy. MFC-MRD was examined in 154 of them, and 153 were MFC-MRD negative. A girl with hypodiploid BCP-ALL showed a reappearance of MFC-MRD with subsequent relapse.

In summary, a single 28-day course of blinatumomab immediately after induction, followed by 12 months of maintenance therapy, is highly effective in achieving MRD-negativity in children with newly diagnosed non-high risk BCP-ALL and maintaining MRD-negative remission at least during the treatment period.
Development of hazard-specific truck crash modification factors for cold-region rural highways
Authors: Yasanthi Rillagoda G.N. , Mehran Babak , Patnala Phani Kumar , Regehr Jonathan D. , Regoui Chaouki
Published: June 2024

This study attempts to develop (i) truck safety performance functions (SPFs), and (ii) hazard-specific crash modification factors (CMFs), for cold-region rural highways. Police-reported truck-involved crashes on rural highway segments of Alberta, Canada, were used to develop truck SPFs for four crash severity levels: total, fatal, personal injury (PI), and property damage only. Three settings of the Poisson–Tweedie regression modeling approach representing Poisson, geometric Poisson, negative binomial distributions were used to develop truck SPFs; the negative binomial distribution was deemed as the most appropriate distribution to model truck-involved crashes for all crash severity levels. The CMF for poor visibility (CMF = 1.5) suggests that poor visibility increases PI-type truck-involved crashes on rural two-lane two-way highway segments by 50% as compared to the number of such crashes attributed to crash causes other than transportation hazards. Road safety researchers may adopt the methodology to effectively rank hazard risks to highway freight transportation systems.
ICER 2024: Call for Participation
Authors: Denny Paul , Hamilton Margaret , Porter Leo , Morrison Briana
Published: June 2024

The 20th annual ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research (ICER) will be hosted by RMIT University in the vibrant city of Melbourne, Australia. The conference will take place Tuesday 13th - Thursday 15th August 2024, following the Doctoral Consortium and the Work in Progress Workshop which will be held on Monday 12th August. You can participate physically by traveling to Melbourne or virtually where there will be an option for online discussions during the conference occurring in the local time zone.
2024 SIGCSE Technical Symposium Report
Authors: Stephenson Ben , Stone Jeffrey , Battestilli Lina , Rebelsky Samuel A. , Shoop Libby , Yazdansepas Delaram , Ola Oluwakemi
Published: June 2024

The 2024 SIGCSE Technical Symposium was a tremendous success! It brought together 1,745 people with the common goal of improving computer science education, making it the second largest SIGCSE Technical Symposium ever! While we didn't quite reach the attendance level achieved in 2019, it looks like breaking that record might be feasible in 2025, and it was wonderful to welcome so many people to Portland after our last attempt to meet there was disrupted in the early days of the pandemic. Most attendees choose to attend the symposium in-person, with approximately 10% opting for online attendance. Whether you attended in-person or online it was wonderful to have so many of you at the conference.
VR-Based Teleoperation of Autonomous Vehicles for Operation Recovery
Authors: Jäger Georg , Licht Gero , Seyffer Norman , Reitmann Stefan
Published: June 2024

While research will enable the deployment of autonomous systems in harsh and inaccessible environments, their operation may be interrupted due to unforeseen situations. A possibility to recover operation nonetheless is to employ teleoperation. However, what requirements and criteria need to be fulfilled by such a system when deployed in safety-critical operation scenarios? How can a timely and safe operation recovery be ensured? The present work aims to report our progress in developing a research platform for addressing these and similar questions.
The MORPHEMIC Project on the Data Intensive E-Brain Science Case Study
Authors: Moussaoui Amina , Bagnato Alessandra
Published: June 2024

The MORPHEMIC project covers several features from modelling cross-cloud applications, continuous and autonomous optimization and deployment and providing access to several cloud capabilities for data intensive application needing on one hand more and more resources, and, on the other hand, to support different models, such as Edge and Fog, besides the Cloud.
The ADMORPH Approach for Adaptively Morphing Embedded Systems
Authors: Pimentel A. , Grelck C. , Miedema L. , Sapra D. , Völp M. , Lucchetti F. , Matovic A. , Maggio M. , Vreman N. , Altmeyer S. , Haas F. , Casimiro A. , Cecílio J. , Jäger G. , Espindola A. , Skalistis S. , Kouwer J. , Lange G. de , Almeida J. , Blasum H. , Brotz M. , Wagner S. , Novobílský P.
Published: June 2024

Due to the increasing performance demands of missionand safety-critical Cyber-Physical Systems (of Systems), these systems exhibit a rapidly growing complexity, manifested by an increasing number of (distributed) computational cores and application components connected via complex networks. However, with these systems' growing complexity and interconnectivity, the chances of hardware failures and disruptions due to cyber-attacks will also quickly increase.
Performance Study of Object Tracking with Multiple Kalman Filters in Autonomous Driving Systems
Authors: Medaglini Alessio , Bartolini Sandro
Published: June 2024

Object tracking is an important and central aspect of autonomous driving, as it underlies the obstacle detection and avoidance systems of any type of autonomous vehicles. A widely used method for tracking is based on Kalman filters, both for linear and non-linear cases, with different computational burden. Unfortunately, object tracking algorithms are computationally intensive, and they may not easily meet the efficiency and responsiveness requirements of real-time applications such as autonomous driving. This issue motivates ad-hoc investigations to speed up the computation and make Kalman filtering available even within limited computational power. This paper carry out a performance evaluation of a Kalman filter based object tracking system taken from a real tramway use-case, and aims at improving its performance efficiency by leveraging parallelization. In particular, this work analyzes the possibilities of execution parallelization on multi-core processors, proposing a target-specific optimization approach and comparing the obtained results, then summing them in general lessons learned. Our technique achieves up to 80% reduction of single frame processing time in the most crowded cases.
Multi-criteria Analysis and Optimization in the AMPERE Ecosystem
Authors: Royuela Sara , Munera Adrian , Quinones Eduardo , Carvalho Tiago , Miguel Pinho Luís , Samadi Mohammad , Cucinotta Tommaso , Ara Gabriele , Paladino Francesco , Mazzola Sergio , Benz Thomas
Published: June 2024

The AMPERE project is developing the next generation of high-performance and energy efficient Cyber-Physical Systems supporting multi-criteria optimization. This paper provides the general overview of the AMPERE approach to analyse and optimize parallel real-time applications in heterogeneous platforms. More specifically, it details how parallel OpenMP programs are generated from AMALTHEA models, and the multi-criteria optimization methodology, considering the fault-tolerance, time and energy properties of the targeted applications.
Attack Scenarios Generation Algorithm Based on Discrete Event System Formalism
Authors: Raynaud Alexis , Serru Théo , Nguyen Nga
Published: June 2024

To help automatize the security risk assessment process of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), we propose a tool based on Discrete Event Systems (DES) to model the architecture and the behavior of CPS in the presence of cyberattacks. Then, we present a lightweight algorithm to generate all the attack scenarios threatening a system, i.e. the sequences of attacks leading to a critical state (e.g. loss of control, collision, etc.). This kind of generation being prone to combinatorial explosion, our algorithm embeds state-space reduction capabilities focused on the specificities of cyber-physical attacks. Finally, we illustrate the performance of our algorithm on a case study: the navigation system of an autonomous vessel. This work can be seen as an alternative to heavy tools expressed in specific languages. It is open source and aims to give a good compromise between expressiveness, modeling time and computational power.
Effects of Rootstock Bunches on the Qualitative Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Seedless Grapes (Vitis vinifera) during Cold Storage with Molecular Docking of the Peptides
Authors: M. Qaoud EL-Sayed , A. Mostafa Nada , A. Abdelgawad Zinab , A. I. Ahmed Mohamed , A. Abdeen Habiba , M. E. Hussein Esraa , S. A. Abd El-Rahman Amira , M. A. Radwan Essam , Y. Mohamed Sayed , A. Hussein Hebat-Allah , Awad Al-Harbi Nadi , Mesfir Al-Qahtani Salem , M. Alqahtani Mesfer , Mohammed Alzuaibr Fahad , Alasmari Abdulrahman , S. Ghazzawy Hesham , A. A. Lo’ay , A. Abdein Mohamed , S. Hussein Azza
Published: June 2024

The effect of three rootstocks on the responsiveness of “Superior Seedless” grapes to cold storage was investigated in this study during the growing seasons of 2021 and 2022. The “Superior Seedless” bunches were preserved for 90 days at 4 ± 1°C and 98 ± 2 relative humidity%. The “Superior Seedless” bunch response under cold storage was shown to be influenced by the rootstocks. According to the study, bunches picked from “Superior Seedless” that were grown on the “1103 Paulson” rootstocks performed better in antioxidant enzyme activities (AEAs) than bunches obtained from other rootstocks. Furthermore, during cold storage, the rates of H2O2 and O2−generation decreased more rapidly. However, combined with a low electrolyte leakage percentage (EL%) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenger concentration increased during the cold storage period. Furthermore, while berry quality traits were harvested from “Superior Seedless” grafted onto “1103 Paulson” rootstock, they were improved compared to other rootstocks. The molecular docking technique is performed to evaluate the binding affinity of antioxidant enzymes with a group of intracellular ligands, including DPPH, MDA, ascorbic acid, and tartaric acid, which show great results with respect to the DPPH compound. Following these findings, it can be concluded that the influence of rootstocks on “Superior Seedless” bunch responses to low cold storage represents a novel potential natural effect of rootstocks on responding bunches of “Superior Seedless” to low cold storage.
Effect of Surface Morphology and Elemental Composition on the Magnetization Behaviour of Electrodeposited NiFe Films
Authors: Sultan Musaab Salman
Published: June 2024

The effect of surface morphology and elemental composition on the magnetic properties of nickel‐iron (NiFe) films prepared by electrodeposition with a range of deposition times has been investigated using a high‐resolution scanning electron microscope, energy and wavelength dispersive X‐ray analysis, and magneto‐optical Kerr effect magnetometry. Defects were noticed with various sizes distributed randomly in these samples. There was a noticeable increase in the defect size with a decrease in the deposition time. A slight variation in the elemental composition across the sample area was noticed. Very limited variation in the elemental weight with deposition time was seen. Square hysteresis loops were obtained from most locations on these samples with a high remanent magnetization. A reduction in coercivity was observed with increasing sample thickness. A wide distribution of the coercivity across the sample area and a slight change in the shape of the loops were seen, especially with samples with shorter deposition times. This was attributed to the differences in the film’s elemental composition or the surface variation, which can act as pinning centers during the domain wall reversal. These defects have a more significant effect at shorter deposition times, which increases the coercivity of such films. This article gives an indication that NiFe films produced by this technique under such conditions are nonuniform, soft at longer growth times, and largely isotropic. Thus, in order to use such films in magnetic devices, their quality needs to be improved.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Evaluating the Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Health-Related Quality of Life Disparities in Patients with Esophageal Cancer: A SEER-MHOS National Database Study
Authors: Wu Trudy C. , Farrell Matthew J. , Karimi-Mostowfi Nicki , Chaballout Basil H. , Akingbemi Wisdom O. , Grogan Tristan R. , Raldow Ann C.
Published: June 2024

Distribution of the SEER-MHOS Linked Data Resource (1998-2021)
A Histopathologic Correlation Study Evaluating Glymphatic Function in Brain Tumors by Multiparametric MRI
Authors: Gao Min , Liu Zhengliang , Zang Hongjing , Wu Xiong , Yan Yizhong , Lin Hai , Yuan Jianmin , Liu Tianming , Zhou Yu , Liu Jun
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to elucidate the impact of brain tumors on cerebral edema and glymphatic drainage by leveraging advanced MRI techniques to explore the relationships among tumor characteristics, glymphatic function, and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression levels.

Experimental Design:

In a prospective cohort from March 2022 to April 2023, patients with glioblastoma, brain metastases, and aggressive meningiomas, alongside age- and sex-matched healthy controls, underwent 3.0T MRI, including diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index and multiparametric MRI for quantitative brain mapping. Tumor and peritumor tissues were analyzed for AQP4 expression levels via immunofluorescence. Correlations among MRI parameters, glymphatic function (DTI-ALPS index), and AQP4 expression levels were statistically assessed.

Results:

Among 84 patients (mean age: 55 ± 12 years; 38 males) and 59 controls (mean age: 54 ± 8 years; 23 males), patients with brain tumor exhibited significantly reduced glymphatic function (DTI-ALPS index: 2.315 vs. 2.879; P = 0.001) and increased cerebrospinal fluid volume (201.376 cm³ vs. 115.957 cm³; P = 0.001). A negative correlation was observed between tumor volume and the DTI-ALPS index (r: −0.715, P < 0.001), whereas AQP4 expression levels correlated positively with peritumoral brain edema volume (r: 0.989, P < 0.001) and negatively with proton density in peritumoral brain edema areas (ρ: −0.506, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Our findings highlight the interplay among tumor-induced compression, glymphatic dysfunction, and altered fluid dynamics, demonstrating the utility of DTI-ALPS and multiparametric MRI in understanding the pathophysiology of tumor-related cerebral edema. These insights provide a radiological foundation for further neuro-oncological investigations into the glymphatic system.

See related commentary by Surov and Borggrefe, p. 4813
A participação do médico na pena de morte
Authors: Drumond José Geraldo de Freitas
Published: June 2024

O presente trabalho pretende discutir a pena de morte, no âmbito da sociedade brasileira. Assim, na nota introdutória, o autor menciona a proposta de emenda constitucional a ser submetida à consulta popular sobre a sua adoção, no Brasil. Faz referência ao movimento ético mundial sobre a questão. A seguir, cuida dos antecedentes históricos, fundamentais à discussão em que são enfatizadas as posições sobre o tema do trabalho, utilizando dados relevantes, em que fica patenteado não haver, na maioria das vezes, relação causal entre a instituição da pena de morte e a diminuição da ocorrência de crimes. Reforça a questão do carrasco, discorrendo sobre os métodos utilizados na execução da pena de morte e sobre os atrozes sofrimentos dos condenados. Na conclusão de seu trabalho, o autor - que, também, é médico e, assim, defensor da vida - faz referência à posição da Seção Brasileira da Anistia Internacional, contrária, à intransigência, à pena de morte e, finalmente, relaciona de forma resumida as condutas do médico diante da pena de morte.
Eutanásia
Authors: Pacheco Maria Theresa de Medeiros
Published: June 2024

A autora aborda o conceito de eutanásia pelo viés da antropologia, fazendo um retrospecto sobre a figura do médico, que não dispunha de profundos conhecimentos científicos até o século XVI, e a confiança lenta que veio adquirindo através do tempo. Revê as legislações mundiais e a lei brasileira, apresentando a resolução do Conselho Federal de Medicina sobre o assunto e comentando a respeito do choque entre as nossas legislações, inclusive sobre o Código de Ética Médica e o conceito atual da eutanásia. Aborda o programa dos Hospices e faz suas considerações gerais.
Considerações sobre a nova legislação dos transplantes: a visão do médico
Authors: França Genival Veloso de
Published: June 2024

The article aims at exposing and analysing the present legislation concearning transplants of tissues, organs and other parts of the human body. It also comments on former laws about that matter and focuses whats remains from the regulating decree after the government veto, how hospitals are authorized to perform transplants for the SUS (Health Unique System) and the specific rules for marrow, liver, lung and heart transplants.
A importância do ensino da medicina legal
Authors: Meira Clovis
Published: June 2024

O autor faz um estudo sobre a origem da Medicina Legal no mundo, mostrando a importãncia da Constituição Carolina, que estabeleceu a prova através da informação de experts, dando início às chamadas "questões médico-legais". Mostra o sentido do trabalho de Ambroise Paré na França e à grande performance do trabalho de Paolo Zacchia, que reuniu, sob ordens do Papa Inocêncio X, toda informação existente dentro de um real corpus juris da Medicina Legal. Além disso, enfatiza a participação da Itália, França e Alemanha, nomeando Paolo Zacchia como o "Pai da Medicina Legal". O autor faz também um retrospecto histórico sobre o estudo da Medicina Legal no Brasil, que começou com a chegada da família real portuguesa e com a fundação da Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia e da Academia Anatômica e Cirúrgica. O autor avalia a participação da criação de antigas faculdades de medicina no mundo, que introduziram a cadeira de Medicina Legal, e a importância de congressos na Itália e na França na criação de cursos de Medicina e Faculdades de Direito, com a participação de vários professores que se responsabilizaram pelo ensino deste assunto para estudantes de Direito. Muita atenção foi dispensada ao estudo da Medicina Legal, como os ensaios de Soriano de Sousa em Pernambuco, Nina Rodrigues na Bahia, Agostinho de Sousa Lima no Rio de Janeiro, Flamínio Fávero em São Paulo, assim como outros pelo Brasil. O autor mostra, em sua conclusão, a relevância da Medicina Legal a estudantes de Direito, constatando, entretanto, com surpresa, que, perto do final do século XX, sua importância, para muitos, ainda seja duvidosa.
Medicina normativa
Authors: Muñoz Daniel Romero
Published: June 2024

O autor ressalta o fato de ter a Medicina Legal um campo muito mais abrangente do que simplesmente a área da Tanatologia. Informa, por exemplo, que, do total das perícias criminais realizadas nos Institutos Médicos-Legais, 80% são no ser humano vivo (lesões corporais, crimes sexuais, embriaguez, etc) e somente 10% em cadáveres. Salienta que as perícias cíveis e as administrativas, importantes capítulos da Medicina Legal, são também efetuadas no indivíduo vivo. Enfatiza o aspecto normativo da Medicina Legal, destacando que o seu campo de ação é a área de superposição entre a Medicina (saúde do homem) e o Direito (ciência das normas de conduta em sociedde). Revisando a literatura, o autor acrescenta que a Medicina Legal nasceu da necessidade do Direito de ter conhecimentos de natureza médica e biológica para a correta aplicação das normas; porém esse suporte do Direito ainda é subestimado, por muitos profissionais, como uma área relacionada eminentemente com a morte. Aponta que essa visão deformada advém, em parte, dos cursos de graduação em Medicina (onde é disciplina obrigatória) e Direito, nos quais os programas geralmente acentuam bastante essa parte do seu campo de atuação.
Lesões por projéteis de alta energia
Authors: Hércules Hygino Carvalho
Published: June 2024

As lesões por projéteis de alta energia têm se tornado mais frequentes ultimamente em tempos de paz, em função do aumento da violência urbana associado ao contrabando de armas de guerra para traficantes e mafiosos. Isto leva à necessidade de cirurgiões e médicos-legistas conhecerem os mecanismos e as lesões causadas por estes agentes lesivos. As lesões de entrada, os trajetos e as saídas são estudados com base na experiência pessoal do autor e em revisão de literatura. A variação da forma das entradas de acordo com a velocidade e a forma dos projéteis é interpretada sob a luz dos princípios físicos da balística terminal. As cavidades permanente e temporária são estudadas quanto ao seu mecanismo de formação, sua forma, volume e posição ao longo do trajeto. Os métodos de pesquisa adotados pelos diversos autores são descritos e avaliados.
Imuno-histoquímica e medicina legal - a propósito de um caso de canibalismo
Authors: Zappa José Eduaro Bueno , Vassallo José , Gerson Lélia Britto Passos
Published: June 2024

O uso das técnicas de imuno-histoquímica em Anatomia Patológica são mundialmente difundidas e utilizadas. Este aspecto nao ocorre na Medicina Legal ou mais especificamente na Patologia Forense, que em poucas ocasiões utiliza tal técnica extremamente útil. Os autores relatam um caso raro de homicídio seguido de canibalismo e a utilização de imuno-histoquímca no auxílio à investigação.
Padronização do exames para avaliação das disfunções têmporo-mandibular e sua importância pericial
Authors: Daruge E , El-Guindy M M , Gonçalves R J , Rizzatti-Barbosa C M , Francesquini Jr. L , Francesquini M A , Ramalho S A , Gutiérrez F GS , Queluz D P
Published: June 2024

As disfunções da articulação têmporo-mandibular atingem cerca de 20% da população adulta. Frequentemente, o odontolegista e/ou o cirurgião dentista clínico geral se deparam com a difícil tarefa de avaliar e quantificar o dano produzido, quando da instalação de um quadro de disfunção têmporo-mandibular, quer seja ela provocada por fatores oclusair, psicológicos, estruturais ou oriundos das mais variadas formas de acidentes, ou mesmo resultantes de atos profissionais. Tendo-se em vista esses fatores e a falta de padronização dos métodos e técnicas de avaliação da área afetada, bem como de todos os reflexos no organismo, e da necessidade de se estabelecer para as autoridades competentes o "quantum" de redução funcional que o portador desta disfunção sofreu, para se determinar o valor a ser pago em uma posterior indenização, visto que o Código Civil assim estabelece em seu artigo nº 1.545, foi realizada, no presente trabalho uma padronização sequenciada dos métodos e técnicas utilizadas, visando uma melhor quantificação e avaliação da disfunção têmporo-mandibular. Nesta padronização, utilizamos uma anamnese inicial (através de um questionário pré-formulado), exame físico (palpação muscular, articular, análise oclusal funcional), exame dos modelos articulados, exames radiográficos (radiografia panorâmica, transcraniana e tomografia), exames eletromiográficos, sendo que, da somatória dos resultados, obtivemos o grau de destruição ou perda de função da articulação têmporo-mandibular. Com base nos procedimentos realizados no presente trabalho nos foi possível avaliar de forma ampla e objetiva, bem como quantificar os danos provocados no aparelho estomatognático e os seus reflexos.
Autonomia da perícia médico-legal no Brasil
Authors: Drumond José Geraldo de Freitas
Published: June 2024

O autor defende a autonomia da atividade médico-legal trazendo ao convencimento notas históricas sobre a implantação da medicina forense e dos Institutos Médico-Legais no Brasil que, atrelados ao aparato policial do Estado, tem provocado inúmeras situações conflitivas entre o dever do perito em dizer a verdade e as pressões por ventura exercidas por órgãos de segurança pública. O autor considera, ainda, alvissareiras as iniciativas de promoção de independência dos IMLs, a partir da década de 80, incrementada, recentemente, pelo Decreto Presidencial de número 1904 (13/05/96), que instituiu o Programa Nacional de Direitos Humanos (PNDH) - no qual a autonomia pericial está contemplada. Por fim, referencia a legislação e os princípios éticos que robustecem a autonomia médico-pericial, bem como examina a situação dos principais Institutos Médico-Legais do país, no que tange ao seu grau de autonomia.
Identificação humana pela superposição das imagens de fotografia, do crânio e de radiografias padronizadas
Authors: Reis J E. S. , Massini Nelson , Francesquini Jr. Luiz , Daruge Jr. Eduardo , Daruge Eduardo
Published: June 2024

No presente trabalho foi empregada uma técnica padronizada de superposição de imagens fotografia-crânio-radiografia, utilizando-se de 24 crânios de cadáveres em fase de esqueletização, em norma lateral e frontal. Os crânios foram demarcados com os pontos craniométricos através de esferas de chumbo. Os pontos cefalométricos foram registrados nas fotografias fornecidas por familiares e os pontos radiométricos registrados nas radiografias obtidas dos crânios. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram tratar-se de uma técnica precisa para fins de identificação humana, pois em todos os casos que constituíram a amostragem, o emprego da técnica realizada possibilitou a identificação com maior segurança.
Importância do odontolegista no exame de corpo de delito, 460 casos de mulheres agredidas, DML, João Pessoa-PB
Authors: Rabello Patrícia Moreira , Leite Izabel Cristina Coelho , Alves Jacqueline Siqueira , Alves Niedja Sandra dos Santos , Silva Ricardo Moreira da , Félix Solange Soares da Silva
Published: June 2024

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a importância do odontolegista no exame de corpo de delito e o perfil da violência que acomete mulheres jovens atendidas pelo DML (Departamento de Medicina Legal), na cidade de João Pessoa, PB. O levantamento dos dados tem como base o arquivo dos laudos de corpo de delito realizados no período de junho de 1995 a junho de 1996, totalizando 13 meses. A amostra foi constituída por 460 indivíduos, na faixa etária de 12 a 45 anos, relativo à idade fértil do sexo feminino. De acordo com a revisão bibliográfica e análise estatística dos dados, obtivemos os seguintes resultados: 73,18% das mulheres agredidas residem em bairros de baixa renda; cerca de 80% dos agressores são homens, dentre esses, 37,2% correspondem a companheiros; mais da metade da amostra está situada acima de 21 anos; mais da metade das mulheres foram agredidas na face, sendo 22,2% correspondente à região orbitária e 20,9% à região labial, bucinadora e mentoniana. A alta incidência de lesões na face demonstra a importância da presença do odontolegista, no exame de corpo de delito, a fim de, não apenas quantificar o dano, mas ainda qualificar juridicamente as lesões.
As drogas e as leis
Authors: Rahal Flávia
Published: June 2024

O artigo aborda os dispositivos legais da chamada Lei de Tóxicos e do Estatuto da criança e do adolescente. No contexto das drogas e a lei, indica a legislação e o tráfico e consumo de drogas na sutileza que os distingue. Trata ainda da questão da "dependência", os estabelecimentos escolares e os menores de idade, diante das medidas de caráter sócio-educativas.