bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leaves as dining plates, food wraps and food packing material: Importance of renewable resources in Indian culture
Authors: Kora Aruna Jyothi
Published: December 2019

Background

The disposable plates made up of plastics such as polythene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, etc. pose health risks due to the release of toxic chemicals; bisphenol A, melamine, vinyl chloride, and phthalates. The usage of disposable plasticware not only depletes fossil fuels but also causes microplastics pollution. Thus, thrust has been shifted to utilization of disposable plates made from plant leaves, which are renewable, biodegradable, and enriched with antioxidants and medicinal values.

Results

In India, serving food on leaf dining plates is a long-standing tradition with its own cultural, religious, medicinal, and socioeconomic significance. The leaf plate stitching is a livelihood activity for tribal people in Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana states of India. The leaves and leaf plates are used for offering naivedyam to god during worship and distribution of prasadam to devotees. They are extensively used for serving food during marriages, religious festivals, community feasts, etc. The leaves from a vast variety of plants are used as dining plates, food wraps during steam cooking, grilling and frying of various dishes, and food packing material in India.

Conclusions

The biodegradable leaf plates have vast potential in international market, which should meet in terms of quality and design. To sustain the practice of using leaf plates and discourage plastic plates; necessary regulations should be imposed by the government and monitored through local governing bodies. In addition, school children and college students should be educated and motivated to realize the importance.
Strand thinning of Khadrawi date palm cultivar in relation to yield and fruit quality
Authors: Moustafa A. R. , Abdel-Hamid N. , Abd El-Hamid A. , El-Sonbaty M. R. , Abd El-Naby S. K. M.
Published: December 2019

Background

This experiment was carried out during 2015 and 2016 seasons to investigate the effect of strand thinning treatments by removing 15 and 30% of the total number of strands from the bunch center after 8 weeks from pollination (kimri stage) on productivity and fruit quality of Khadrawi date palm cultivar compared to the control (without thinning).

Results

The present results indicated that strand thinning by removing 30% of the total number of strands gave the lowest bunch weight and yield per palm compared to thinning 15% and control treatments during the two seasons of study. Also, removing 30% of the total number of strands improved some physical properties, i.e., fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit length, and fruit diameter than control in both seasons. All strand thinning treatments improved some chemical properties such as TSS %, total sugars %, and reducing sugars % than control (without thinning). However, both 15 and 30% strand thinning treatments had no significant effect on nonreducing sugars %, total acidity %, and tannins content in the two studied seasons.

Conclusion

From the obtained results, it was revealed that application of thinning treatment by removing 15 or 30% of the total number of strands from bunch center improved some physical and chemical properties of Khadrawi date palm fruits although there are no significant differences found between strand thinning at 15% and control during the second season.
Chapter F of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants as approved by the 11th International Mycological Congress, San Juan, Puerto Rico, July 2018
Authors: May Tom W. , Redhead Scott A. , Bensch Konstanze , Hawksworth David L. , Lendemer James , Lombard Lorenzo , Turland Nicholas J.
Published: December 2019

A revised version of Chapter F of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants is presented, incorporating amendments approved by the Fungal Nomenclature Session of the 11th International Mycological Congress held in San Juan, Puerto Rico in July 2018. The process leading to the amendments is outlined. Key changes in the San Juan Chapter F are (1) removal of option to use a colon to indicate the sanctioned status of a name, (2) introduction of correctability for incorrectly cited identifiers of names and typifications, and (3) introduction of option to use name identifiers in place of author citations. Examples have been added to aid the interpretation of new Articles and Recommendations, and Examples have also been added to the existing Art. F.3.7 concerning the protection extended to new combinations based on sanctioned names or basionyms of sanctioned names (which has been re-worded), and to Art. F.3.9 concerning typification of names accepted in the sanctioning works.
Flavanones from Sorghum bicolor selectively inhibit COX-2: in-silico and in-vivo validation
Authors: Akinloye O. Adeboye , Metibemu D. Samuel , Akinloye D. Ibukun , Onigbinde S. Bamidele , Olaosebikan I. Abigail , Florence Ogunnowo , Damilola Bashorun , Bolarinwa O. Adeola , Olubunmi Olaromilorun
Published: December 2019

Background

COX-2-specific inhibitors offer improved advantages over traditional NSAIDs. Plants are known to play critical roles in the discovery and developments of new pharmaceuticals. To the best of our knowledge, nothing has been reported so far on the selective inhibition of the cyclooxygenase by flavanones. The present study aims at evaluating the selective inhibition of COX-1 and/or COX-2 by flavanones from Sorghum bicolor.

Results

Flavanones demonstrate selective inhibition of COX-2 through the formation of hydrogen bonds. Eriodictyol forms two hydrogen bonds interactions (Tyr-371 and Ser-516) within the active site of COX-2, while it forms only one hydrogen bond (Met-521) with COX-1. Sorghum bicolor flavanone extract (SBFE) demonstrate hepatoprotective potentials by augmenting the antioxidant defense system of the liver and downregulate the expression of COX-2 while ineffective against COX-1. Histopathological analyses show that SBFE is effective in the prevention of HCl/ethanol-induced gastric injury in Wistar rats.

Conclusions

The side effects associated with current NSAIDs are as a result of selective inhibition of COX-1. Flavanones are potential selective inhibitors of COX-2. Sorghum bicolor flavanone extract (SBFE) demonstrates its anti-inflammatory potential through selective inhibition of COX-2. The virtual high throughput screening techniques adopted herein could help eradicate the corresponding rigors of identifying lead bioactive(s) components of plants.

Graphical abstract
Omphalocele: a review of common genetic etiologies
Authors: Poaty Henriette , Pelluard Fanny , Diallo Mama Sy , Ondima Irène Patricia Lucienne , André Gwenaelle , Silou-Massamba Jacques François
Published: December 2019

Omphalocele is one of the most common congenital defects in the anterior abdominal wall. The malformation is associated with various pathologies especially with chromosomal disorders. The developmental defect is observed in Congolese hospitals, but risk factors are not well precised on the published case reports, which are more often focused on management. We aim in this paper to make a review on the condition, insisting on the risk factors of omphaloceles mainly of those of genetic origins.
Randomized Phase III Study of Continuation Maintenance Bevacizumab With or Without Pemetrexed in Advanced Nonsquamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: COMPASS (WJOG5610L)
Authors: Seto Takashi , Azuma Koichi , Yamanaka Takeharu , Sugawara Shunichi , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Wakuda Kazushige , Atagi Shinji , Iwamoto Yasuo , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Okamoto Isamu , Saka Hideo , Mitsuoka Shigeki , Fujimoto Daichi , Nishino Kazumi , Horiike Atsushi , Daga Haruko , Sone Takashi , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Nakanishi Yoichi
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE

Patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been shown to benefit from maintenance therapy. COMPASS evaluated the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab with or without pemetrexed as continuation maintenance therapy after carboplatin, pemetrexed, and bevacizumab induction therapy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients with untreated advanced nonsquamous NSCLC without confirmed EGFR 19 deletion or L858R mutation received first-line therapy with carboplatin area under the curve 6, pemetrexed 500 mg/m2, and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg once every 3 weeks for 4 cycles. Patients without disease progression during the induction therapy were randomly assigned 1:1 for maintenance therapy with pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 plus bevacizumab 15 mg/kg or bevacizumab 15 mg/kg once every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was overall survival (OS) after random assignment.

RESULTS

Between September 2010 and September 2015, 907 patients received induction therapy. Of those, 599 were randomly assigned: 298 received pemetrexed plus bevacizumab, and 301 received bevacizumab. The median OS was 23.3 v 19.6 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.05; 1-sided stratified log-rank P = .069). In the wild-type EGFR subset, the OS HR was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.99; 1-sided unstratified log-rank P = .020). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.7 v 4.0 months (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.79; 2-sided log-rank P < .001). The safety data were consistent with previous reports of treatment regimens.

CONCLUSION

In terms of the primary end point of OS, no statistically significant benefit was observed; however, PFS in the total patient population and OS in patients with wild-type EGFR was prolonged with the addition of pemetrexed to bevacizumab maintenance therapy.
Introduction of a Novel System for Quantitating Blood Loss After Vaginal Delivery: A Retrospective Interrupted Time Series Analysis With Concurrent Control Group
Authors: Lumbreras-Marquez Mario I. , Reale Sharon C. , Carusi Daniela A. , Robinson Julian N. , Scharf Nora , Fields Kara G. , Farber Michaela K.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. While volumetric and gravimetric blood loss measurement techniques have been shown to increase PPH detection compared to visual estimation of blood loss (vBL), a combination of these methods has not been evaluated. The primary aim of this study was to compare the change in odds of PPH detection after vaginal delivery (VD; the intervention series) versus cesarean delivery (CD; the control series) before versus after implementation of a device (Triton L&D, Gauss Surgical, Inc, Los Altos, CA) that combines gravimetric and volumetric estimation of blood loss (tBL).

METHODS:

After institutional review board (IRB) approval, patients were identified who had a VD or CD at our institution 3 months before and 3 months after the implementation of a tBL device for VD. The levels and trends in odds of PPH detection (the primary outcome, defined as blood loss ≥500 mL for VD and ≥1000 mL for CD) were compared within and between delivery methods before and after implementation of the device. Secondary outcomes were blood loss ≥1000 mL, total blood loss, secondary uterotonic use, and a composite outcome related to PPH management (transfusion, vasopressor administration, and/or surgical procedures). A post hoc subgroup analysis compared nadir hematocrit, hematocrit reduction ≥10%, and difference between vBL or tBL and calculated blood loss (cBL) between VDs before and after introduction of the device. All outcome comparisons were performed using segmented regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting.

RESULTS:

The weighted odds ratio (wOR) of PPH detection post- versus preimplementation of the device was 2.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39–5.41; P = .004) for VDs versus 1.43 (95% CI, 0.72–2.85; P = .304) for CDs (P for interaction .190). No difference was detected in the secondary outcomes for VDs between time periods. In the subgroup of VD patients who had postdelivery hematocrits measured, the mean difference between vBL or tBL and cBL was smaller in the tBL (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: −237 ± 522 mL) versus vBL group (−600 ± 596 mL; weighted difference in means [95% CI]: 349 mL [13–684]; P = .042).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this interrupted time series analysis, the odds of PPH detection after VD increased after implementation of the tBL device. However, a statistical difference was not detected between the increase in PPH detection post- versus preimplementation of the device in VDs versus CDs.
Ultrasound-Assisted Versus Landmark-Guided Spinal Anesthesia in Patients With Abnormal Spinal Anatomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Park Sun-Kyung , Bae Jinyoung , Yoo Seokha , Kim Won Ho , Lim Young-Jin , Bahk Jae-Hyon , Kim Jin-Tae
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:

Spinal anesthesia using a surface landmark–guided technique can be challenging in patients with anatomical alterations of the lumbar spine; however, it is unclear whether using ultrasonography can decrease the technical difficulties in these populations. We assessed whether an ultrasound-assisted technique could reduce the number of needle passes required for block success compared with the landmark-guided technique in patients with abnormal spinal anatomy.

METHODS:

Forty-four patients with abnormal spinal anatomy including documented lumbar scoliosis and previous spinal surgery were randomized to receive either surface landmark–guided or preprocedural ultrasound–assisted spinal anesthesia. All spinal procedures were performed by 1 of 3 experienced anesthesiologists. The primary outcome was the number of needle passes required for successful dural puncture. Secondary outcomes included the success rate on the first pass, total procedure time, periprocedural pain scores, and the incidences of radicular pain, paresthesia, and bloody tap during the neuraxial procedure. Intergroup difference in the primary outcome was assessed for significance using Mann-Whitney U test.

RESULTS:

The median (interquartile range [IQR; range]) number of needle passes was significantly lower in the ultrasound group than in the landmark group (ultrasound 1.5 [1–3 {1–5}]; landmark 6 [2–9.3 {1–15}]; P < .001). First-pass success was achieved in 11 (50.0%) and 2 (9.1%) patients in the ultrasound and landmark groups, respectively (P = .007). The total procedure time, defined as the sum of the time for identifying landmarks and performing spinal anesthesia, did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (ultrasound 141 seconds [115–181 seconds {101–336 seconds}]; landmark 146 seconds [90–295 seconds {53–404 seconds}]; P = .888). The ultrasound group showed lower periprocedural pain scores compared with the landmark group (ultrasound 3.5 [1–5 {0–7}]; landmark 5.5 [3–8 {0–9}]; P = .012). The incidences of complications during the procedure showed no significant differences between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

For anesthesiologists with experience in neuraxial ultrasonography, the use of ultrasound significantly reduces the technical difficulties of spinal anesthesia in patients with abnormal spinal anatomy compared with the landmark-guided technique. Our results can lead to practical suggestions that encourage the use of neuraxial ultrasonography for spinal anesthesia in such patients.
Ratios of Plasma and Platelets to Red Blood Cells in Surgical Patients With Acute Intraoperative Hemorrhage
Authors: Warner Matthew A. , Frank Ryan D. , Weister Timothy J. , Madde Nageswar R. , Gajic Ognjen , Kor Daryl J.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:

The relationships between the ratios of transfused allogeneic blood products and clinical outcomes in patients with acute intraoperative hemorrhage are poorly defined.

METHODS:

To better define these ratios, we undertook a single-center, observational cohort study of all surgical patients (≥18 years) who received rapid transfusion defined by a critical administration threshold of 3 or more units of red blood cells (RBCs) intraoperatively within 1 hour between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2015. Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess relationships between ratios of plasma to RBCs and platelets to RBCs at 3, 12, and 24 hours and clinical outcomes. The primary outcome was hospital mortality, with secondary outcomes of intensive care unit and hospital-free days.

RESULTS:

The study included 2385 patients, of whom 14.9% had a plasma-to-RBC ratio of 1.0+, and 47.6% had a platelet-to-RBC ratio of 1.0+. Higher plasma-to-RBC and platelet-to-RBC ratios were observed for patients who underwent cardiac, transplant, and vascular surgery and in patients with greater derangements in hemostatic laboratory values. Ratios did not differ by patient age or severity of illness. Higher ratios were not associated with improved clinical outcomes. Mortality differed by platelet-to-RBC but not plasma-to-RBC ratio, with the highest mortality observed with a platelet-to-RBC ratio of 0.1–0.9 at 24 hours (odds ratio, 3.34 [1.62–6.88]) versus no platelets (P= .001). Higher plasma-to-RBC ratios were associated with decreased hospital-free days, although differences in clinical outcomes were not significant after exclusion of patients receiving only RBCs without component therapies.

CONCLUSIONS:

Transfusion ratios in surgical patients with critical intraoperative hemorrhage were largely related to surgical and hemostatic features rather than baseline patient characteristics. Higher ratios were not associated with improved outcomes.
Visual acuity demands of different language mediums in modern primary school classrooms in Malaysia
Authors: Azizan Izzah Azreena , Qi Eg Yue , Kaur Sharanjeet , Narayanasamy Sumithira
Published: December 2019

Background:Good visual acuity is important for children’s learning but the actual visual acuity (VA) demands of classrooms are not well defined.

Methods:In total, 61 classrooms from eight primary schools were included in this study. Classrooms were divided into lower and upper primary which reflect different stages of learning. Three types of national schools were included in the study, which were National, National Types Chinese (C) and Tamil (T). Each type of school utilizes different language as the medium of teaching. The measurements conducted in each classroom were: dimensions, maximum distance a student is seated and vertical height of the distance and near target. Near working distance of 28cm was assumed. Distance and near visual acuity demands (VA) were then calculated.

Results:The distance and near VA demands were 0.11 ± 0.26 logMAR and 0.24 ± 0.10 logMAR for lower primary, and 0.09 ± 0.20 logMAR and 0.24 ± 0.09 logMAR for upper primary classrooms respectively. Distance and near VA demands between both stages were not significantly different (p>0.05). The distance and near VA demands for National schools were 0.24 ± 0.17 logMAR and 0.31 ± 0.04 logMAR, National Type (C) were 0.16 ± 0.11 logMAR and 0.13 ± 0.03 logMAR, National Type (T) were 0.09 ± 0.10 logMAR and 0.12 ± 0.03 logMAR respectively. There were significant differences for both distance and near VA demands between types of schools, F(2, 58) 42.19, p = 0.00; F (2, 58) 208.35, p = 0.00 respectively.

Conclusions:High levels of visual acuity for distance and near are required to meet the demands of modern classroom environments. Both National Types schools require higher VA demand compared to National schools. These findings suggest current vision screening protocols and cut off points for schools might require revision.
Pre-trial cooperation agreement: criminal procedural and forensic aspects
Authors: Popova Elena
Published: December 2019

The textbook analyzes the rules governing the special procedure for making a pre-trial decision on cooperation, problems arising during their implementation, and offers recommendations for resolving these problems.
To consolidate the passed material, various types of practical tasks and topics for writing abstracts and reports are offered. As part of the implementation of the practice-oriented approach in training, the texts of real (at the same time impersonal) procedural documents containing errors are presented, which are proposed to be identified using the material contained in the manual.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
For students of educational institutions of higher education, studying in the direction of training 40.04.01 "Jurisprudence", as well as graduate students, students of additional professional education, teachers, scientists and employees of preliminary investigation, other law enforcement agencies, as well as a wide range of readers interested in criminal proceedings, criminology and advocacy.
Entrepreneurial risk
Authors: Sinyavskiy Nikolay , Dadalko Vasiliy
Published: December 2019

The monograph contains methodological and methodological approaches to the formation of business decisions in the conditions of uncertainty. We used the experience of evaluating successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurial decisions of the authors in the industries that have been developing in our country for many years and decades, and which began to develop as modern types of business relatively recently.
The peculiarity of the monograph is the emphasis on the consideration of business risk management as factors of development.
For students and teachers, as well as all those interested in business.
ORGANIZATION OF WORK WITH PARENTS OF YOUNG CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES TO PREVENT AND OVERCOME VIOLATIONS OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Yakel Veronika , Porubaeva Natalia , Perogovskaya Ksenia
Published: December 2019

This article is devoted to the dissemination of experience of specialists of preschool educational institutions for children with disabilities: psychological and defectological services, the organization of effective work with parents of children of early age with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, including them in the work of DOU as a full-fledged, competent participants of educational process; the questions of increase of level of pedagogical and psychological literacy of parents in the sensorimotor and cognitive development of young children through practical methods and technologies in accordance with the requirements of the GEF TO the following categories preschoolers: children with disorders of the musculo-skeletal system
Is Soft Drink Consumption Linked to Higher Body Mass Index and Energy Intake Among Adults in Mauritius?
Authors: Padaruth Oundhyalah Devi , Gomdola Deecksha , Bhoyroo Vishwakalyan , Jeewon Rajesh
Published: December 2019

The World Health Organisation recommends people to keep their calorie intake from soft drink (SD) less than 10% of their daily calorie intake. Even though, calorie intake from soft drink consumption is low, there is an increase in the frequency of consumption. Also, besides, it is well understood that change in weight is not only dependent on soft drink consumption but also factors such as calorie intake and physical activity. The objective of this study is to investigate SD consumption and its association with BMI, physical activity and calorie intake among adults. 511 adults aged 20-60 years (208 male and 303 female) were recruited. The questionnaire used to elicit information included 3-day 24-hour dietary recall, physical activity habits and soft drink consumption. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist circumference) were also taken. The data was analysed using SPSS version 2.0. Chi-square tests, Person coefficient test, and Spearman’s correlation tests were used to infer any relationships between variables. The mean daily calorie intake among the population is 2501 ± 86.46 Kcal/day. Energy intake by both genders is within the range recommended by USDA (males: 2182 ± 33.48 Kcal/day and female: 1925 ± 28.55 Kcal/day). BMI is slightly higher among female 25.00 ± kg/m^2 as compared to male 24.73 kg/m^2. Mean Energy intake from SD is found to be 88.57 ± 3.37 Kcal/day that accounts for 3.54% of the daily calorie intake and hence in line with the WHO recommendation. A significant association is seen between SD consumption and BMI (P= 0.02), however obesity and overweight is seen to be independent of SD consumption. Furthermore, a positive correlation wasfound between SD consumption and physical activity (P=0.01) and it is observed that 26.3 % of the population who had a sedentary lifestyle are overweight. No association was found between calorie intake and SD consumption (P= 0.731) since the percentage calorie from SD does not exceed the recommendation of WHO. A significant relationship is found between SD consumption and BMI. However, it is observed that physical activity has a higher influence on BMI independent of calorie intake and soft drink consumption. Even though soft drink is reported herein not influence on the prevalence of obesity and overweight, long-term soft drink consumption can result in health problems related to obesity.
Congruence with Health by Divergence in Uses of Water: An Ayurvedic Notion
Authors: Aftab Anam , Verma Vandana , Gehlot Sangeeta
Published: December 2019

In the vocation of nutrition science, tremendous research has been executed over the analysis of food, its chemistry, conservation, preparation, consumption, production, deficiencies and so on. Even in present time professionals have pinned their eye over the manner of intake of food too, but the water being very essential element for survival has not been yet attracted the attention of the heavenly body. Ayurveda, one of the most ancient traditional systems of medicine contemplated water as an endorser of life which plays a pivot role in attaining vigor or occurrence of maladies. The scriptures divulged the facts that proper nourishment and metabolism of body also rely on the quality, quantity and even on the right manner of intake of water along with other major nutrients, and regarding this, a very comprehensive narrative is found in all the obtainable treatises of ancient medical science. This inspires the researcher to highlight such codes which can be directed as an additive protocol for the human being having pursuance of health. Moreover, an extensive search has also been performed to find out the parallel scientific evidences regarding the dogmas which can be established over the scientific background, so to make it more acceptable and admissible in the community and to also provide a pointer on which further research could be carried out.
The inter-rater reliability of the Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment tool after brain surgery
Authors: Galloway Adam Marco , Killan Edward C , McHugh Gretl A
Published: December 2019

Background/Aims

Falls are a significant cause of hospital admissions in the UK and require clinically reasoned intervention from the multidisciplinary team to ensure the patient receives an effective and efficient treatment, including physiotherapy. This study aimed to assess the inter-rater reliability of the Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment in patients who had recently undergone brain surgery.

Methods

A prospective inter-rater reliability study involving 18 male and 12 female patients aged between 27 and 87 years who had recently undergone brain surgery was conducted. Three raters of varying clinical physiotherapy experience assessed participants using the Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment on an acute neurosurgical ward. Inter-rater reliability was measured using Bland–Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients.

Results

Bland–Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficient values demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability, regardless of the age and sex of the patients or the clinical experience of the rater.

Conclusions

Results suggest that the Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment is a potentially useful tool for assessing patients, particularly for the risk of falls, following brain surgery. Future research is needed to determine other clinimetric properties of this outcome measure before wider implementation.
The rising threat of antibiotic resistance: A guide for nurses
Authors: Perry Margaret
Published: December 2019

Margaret Perry explains the increasing presence of bacteria immune to conventional medicines
High-fidelity simulation and student performance in the Capstone Field Internship
Authors: Boyer Christopher
Published: December 2019

Despite the increased use of high-fidelity simulation in the education of paramedics, little research has been done into its impact on paramedic student performance. The objective of this quasi-experimental quantitative analysis was to investigate differences in the performance of students in the paramedic field internship between those trained using low-fidelity and those trained using high-fidelity simulation practices. Data were derived from the student field internship records from a community college-based paramedic programme in the United States, with students in two groups: a low-fidelity simulation group (2010–2013) and a high-fidelity simulation group (2014–2017). The students in the high-fidelity simulation group required fewer patient contacts to complete the internship than the students in the low-fidelity simulation group, demonstrating a significant improvement in student performance. While further studies are required to more fully investigate the use of high-fidelity simulation in paramedic education, this study provides necessary insight into the impact of high-fidelity simulation in the training of paramedics.
La Educación del Futuro: creencias del alumnado
Authors: Conde Vélez Sara , Boza Carreño Ángel
Published: December 2019

INTRODUCCIÓN. Actualmente, no concebimos sentarnos a trabajar sin encender el ordenador y conectarnos a internet. Acceso a la información y comunicación definen la sociedad y la educación de nuestros días. Ello ha supuesto un cambio profundo de la enseñanza y del aprendizaje de los últimos 30 años.  Por ello pretendemos probar nuestras ideas sobre la educación del futuro próximo. Nuestro objetivo es establecer las creencias del alumnado sobre la educación del futuro examinando sus opiniones sobre contexto tecnológico, profesorado, metodología docente y alumnado. Además, exploramos qué relaciones entre estas dimensiones subyacen en sus creencias. MÉTODO. Realizamos una encuesta sobre una muestra de 431 alumnos de la Universidad de Huelva (España) mediante una escala elaborada ad hoc, denominada ʻLa educación del futuroʼ, que pretende evaluar las creencias del alumnado sobre la educación del futuro y compuesta por cuatro dimensiones: Contexto Tecnológico, Profesorado del Futuro, Metodología Docente Futura y Alumnado del Futuro. Validamos la escala mediante juicio de expertos, análisis de consistencia interna y análisis factorial exploratorio, que redefinen la escala inicial. RESULTADOS. El alumnado valora sobre todo la metodología de Proyectos Colaborativos, seguido del profesorado orientador-sociocrítico y del alumnado constructivo-social por encima del contexto tecnológico. También comprobamos que el modelo que subyace en las creencias del alumnado sitúa la metodología basada en proyectos como centro de la educación futura, determinando los modelos de profesorado y alumnado, y determinada en menor grado por el contexto tecnológico. DISCUSIÓN. Estos resultados señalan que los nuevos contextos transforman la metodología docente y que los cambios metodológicos exigen un nuevo tipo de alumnado y profesorado más centrados en el aprendizaje. Alumnado y profesorado también son influenciados por el contexto pero en menor grado que por la metodología docente.
La segunda dimensión de la calidad educativa: Un estudio comparado en siete países de América Latina
Authors: Rivas Axel , Scasso Martín
Published: December 2019

INTRODUCCIÓN. Las evaluaciones de la calidad educativa permitieron indagar en los últimos 20 años la comparación de los sistemas educativos. Los resultados de las pruebas PISA son los más utilizados como referencia. En América Latina siete países participan de manera recurrente desde el año 2000: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México, Perú y Uruguay. MÉTODO. Se analiza la evolución de estos países en la prueba PISA y en otras evaluaciones nacionales e internacionales. Se analizan los objetivos, sesgos metodológicos y resultados comparados de estas evaluaciones. RESULTADOS. Las tendencias que muestran los resultados de las distintas evaluaciones de la calidad tienen contradicciones entre sí, incluso con variaciones basadas en problemas metodológicos poco explorados hasta ahora. Las pruebas PISA introdujeron cambios en la edición 2015 que modifica los resultados de las ediciones anteriores y hace incomparables los resultados de las primeras ediciones (2000 y 2003). Se abren interrogantes a partir de la constatación de que los sistemas educativos que parecían haber mejorado en realidad no lo han hecho o lo han logrado de manera más reducida. Se presenta una mirada comparada de los resultados de las evaluaciones de los siete países analizados, constatando que hubo casos de mejora como el de Perú desde un punto de partida más bajo y el de Chile en la década del 2000, alcanzando el punto más alto entre los países analizados. DISCUSION. El estudio presenta la necesidad de discutir una “segunda dimensión de la calidad educativa”, que requiere ir más allá de las lecturas simplificadas de los resultados de las evaluaciones, tomando diversas fuentes e indicadores educativos de manera complementaria. Esa segunda dimensión funciona como un filtro epistemológico para comprender la evolución de los sistemas educativos en América Latina y evitar lecturas equivocadas o sesgadas de la calidad educativa.
La educación secundaria en cinco países de América del Sur: definiciones normativas y alcances empíricos desde la perspectiva del derecho a la educación
Authors: Ruiz Guillermo Ramón , Scioscioli Sebastián , Lorente Rodríguez Miriam
Published: December 2019

INTRODUCCIÓN. En América Latina muchas reformas educativas han avanzado en definiciones normativas sobre el derecho a la educación. Es posible pensar que dichas reformas obedecen al impacto del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos hacia el interior de los derechos nacionales. En cinco países de América del Sur se presentó a la ampliación de los años de educación escolar obligatoria como una política que forma parte del contenido del derecho a la educación. MÉTODO. En términos metodológicos el diseño de esta investigación incluye técnicas cualitativas entre las que se destacan el análisis jurídico normativo y la consecuente generación de tipificaciones comparativas de las fuentes provenientes de los países considerados. También se utilizaron técnicas cuantitativas para el análisis de estadísticas educativas para poder dimensionar la cobertura educativa a la luz de las inversiones presupuestarias realizadas en cada Estado. RESULTADOS. En estos países las reformas han fijado un nuevo rango de estudios obligatorios que incluye toda la educación secundaria. Entre los argumentos esgrimidos se encuentran la atención a las demandas educativas de los sectores que no se encontraban escolarizados; con ello se favorecería el logro de una ciudadanía más efectiva en las jóvenes generaciones. DISCUSIÓN. Se revisan críticamente los conceptos de "derecho a la educación" y de "obligatoriedad escolar" para cuestionar las reformas recientes de cinco países de América del Sur que han establecido la obligatoriedad de la escuela secundaria. La comparación transnacional se focaliza en las políticas de reforma desde el enfoque de derechos humanos. Cuestiones tales como la extensión de la obligatoriedad, la cobertura y la inversión educativa son puestas bajo análisis.
Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Pongamia pinnata Plant Leaves Extract
Authors: Sawade Sneha , Kulkarni Pramod
Published: December 2019

We reported a simple, green and eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Pongamia pinnata plant leaves acts as reducing agent as well as capping agent. Biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results suggested that the zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by aqueous extract of Pongamia pinnata plant leaves with high purity, mostly spherical in shape with an average size of 23.5 nm.
Cultura política indígena na Câmara Municipal da Vila de Índios em Messejana no Ceará
Authors: João Paulo Peixoto Costa
Published: December 2019

A promulgação do Diretório dos Índios em meados do século XVIII inaugurou um novo contexto de relações entre Coroa portuguesa, administração colonial, proprietários de terra e indígenas. A legislação visava a integração desses povos à sociedade colonial do império lusitano na América por meio do trabalho e da igualdade aos brancos na condição de vassalos do monarca de Portugal. Esta última ideia era flagrantemente utópica, na medida em que a própria lei os declarava incapazes de autogoverno, submetendo-os à tutela de um diretor leigo em substituição aos religiosos; por outro lado, aos índios era garantida terra, salário, patentes militares e cargos políticos em suas antigas aldeias, que passaram à condição de vilas. A partir dessas municipalidades ainda pouco discutidas pela historiografia no âmbito da administração camarária, este artigo se propõe a analisar a dinâmica e cultura política indígena na câmara municipal da vila de índios de Messejana no Ceará no início dos oitocentos. Os principais temas aqui trabalhados com a documentação das atas de sessão da câmara são a gestão da terra, mercado e produção econômica, a relação frequentemente conflituosa com os extranaturais e as condições de atuação político-administrativa das lideranças indígenas, em uma situação de difícil definição entre a cidadania típica do Antigo Regime – que os capacitava "andar na governança" – e sua imputada inferioridade na hierarquia social colonial – que os submetia à tutela e à convivência com os brancos.
O lugar dos povos indígenas e a história oficial do Pará nos livros didáticos no início do século XX (1900-1910)
Authors: Vinícius Machado Ferreira  , Geraldo Magella de Menezes Neto
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo busca discutir o lugar e o papel dos indígenas nas narrativas dos livros didáticos produzidos no Estado do Pará no início do século XX. A partir de fontes como os livros Apostilas de História do Pará, de Theodoro Braga, e Pontos de História do Pará, de Arthur Vianna, problematiza-se a construção de uma história regional paraense sob a influência do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Pará (IHGP) que intencionava ressaltar as contribuições e o protagonismo europeu na história do Pará, deixando os indígenas num segundo plano, ocultando suas lutas e resistências no processo de colonização.
A questão da capital: marítima ou no interior? Revisitando uma proposta do Visconde de Porto Seguro
Authors: Ana Priscila de Sousa Sá
Published: December 2019

O artigo pretende analisar a ideia de mudança da capital do litoral para o interior proposta por Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen no Memorial orgânico (1849-1850-1851) e em A questão da capital: marítima ou no interior? (1877). O historiador paulista defendeu que uma capital central ajudaria na segurança e desenvolvimento do interior do país.
A Content Analysis of Indian Research Data Repositories Prospects and Possibilities
Authors: Bhardwaj Raj Kumar
Published: December 2019

The study aims to trace the development of Indian research data repositories (RDRs) and explore their content with the view of identifying prospects and possibilities. Further, it analyses the distribution of data repositories on the basis of content coverage, types of content, author identification system followed, software and the application programming interface used, subject wise number of repositories etc. The study is based on data repositories listed on the registry of data repositories accessible at http://www.re3data.org.The dataset was exported in Microsoft Excel format for analysis. A simple percentage method was followed in data analyses and results are presented through Tables and Figures. The study found a total of 2829 data repositories in existence worldwide. Further, it was seen that 1526 (53.9 %) are open and 924 (32.4 %) are restricted data repositories. Also, there are embargoed data repositories numbering 225 (8.0 %) and closed ones numbering 154 (5.4 %). There are 2829 RDRs covering 72 countries in the world. The study found that out of total 45 Indian RDRs, only 30 (67 %) are open, followed by restricted 12 (27 %) and 3 (6 %) that are closed. Majority of Indian RDRs (20) were developed in the year 2014. The study found that the majority of Indian RDRs (17) are‘disciplinary’. Further, the study also revealed that statistical data formats are available in a maximum of 31 (68.9 %) Indian RDRs. It was also seen that the majority of Indian RDRs (28) has datasets relating to ‘Life Sciences’. It was identified that only 20% of data repositories have been using metadata standards in metadata; the remaining 80% do not use any standards in metadata entry. This study covered only the research data repositories in India registered on the registry of data repositories. RDRs not listed in the registry of data repositories are left out.
Level of sodium chloride (NaCl) and profile of cervical mucus of dairy cattle at various age synchronized by prostaglandine
Authors: Ondho Y. S. , Akbar F. A. , Lestari D. A. , Samsudewa D.
Published: December 2019

Objectives of this study were to compare the percentage of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and cervical mucus profile which includes potential of Hydrogen (pH), abundance of cervical mucus, spinnbarkeit and ferning of dairy cattle at different age during estrus cycle. Thirty Two head of dairy cattle were used as materials which are 2 years old (n = 2), 3 years old (n = 18), 4 years old (n = 8) and 5 years old (n=4). Dairy cattle were estrus synchronized using 50 mg/head of prostaglandin. Data was collected on 48, 72, 78, 84, 90, 120, 144 and 408 hours after prostaglandin administration. The data were analyzed by using non parametric statistic which was Kruskal-Wallis H test. The significant data was tested with Mann-Whitney U test. The result showed that the abundance of cervical mucus was significantly different (P<0.05; χ2 = 0.011) on 84 hours after estrus synchronization. However, level of NaCl, abundance, spinnbarkeit and ferning of cervical mucus was not sigificantly different. In conclusion, the age of dairy cattle did not affected to the condition NaCl percentage, spinnbarkeit, pH and ferning of cervical mucus, but affected to the abundance of cervical mucus on 84 hours after adminitration of prostaglandine.
Calliandra calothyrsus and Artocarpus heterophyllus as anti-parasite for Bligon Goat
Authors: Setyono W. , Kustantinah K. , Indarto E. , Dono N. D. , Zuprizal Z. , Zulfa I. H.
Published: December 2019

This study investigated the nutritional potency and efficacy of tannin-containing forages as anti-parasites sources to support the performance of female Bligon goats. Fifteen female Bligon goats were divided into 3 different groups based on feeding treatments. The first group (KG) served as the control and was fed 100% king grass (dry matter basis). The second group (KGC) was fed 50% king grass and 50% Calliandra calothyrsus leaves (dry matter basis). The third group (KGA) was fed 50% king grass and 50% Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves (dry matter basis). The study showed that supplementation with tannin-containing forages could improve feed consumption and the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP). The groups that received tannin-containing forages had higher body weight gains at 22.85 g/day and 29.52 g/day for KGC and KGA respectively than the control group. The anti-parasites effects were successfully indicated by the declining number of coccidian oocysts in the feces (number/gram feces), which were 3,166; 841; and 450 for KG, KGC, and KGA respectively. Tannin-containing forage supplementation could improve the consumption and digestibility of DM, OM and CP. Supplementation improved the daily body weight gain. The number of coccidian oocysts in animals receiving supplementation was also reduced. The greatest effects on fecal coccidian oocyst reduction were attained with Jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus) supplementation
Lotze’s Debt to Kant Against Naturalism and Czolbe’s Counterpoint. The Ambiguities of “Epistemological Kantianism” Around 1850
Authors: Morel Charlotte
Published: December 2019

The decline of Naturphilosophie deeply polarized the philosophical and scientific debate. Naturalistic–materialistic positions gained powerful influence, but the latent role of the Kantian critical position also re-emerged in the context of an “ideal-realism”. I will first consider in detail two opposing treatments of Kant’s perspective. After Lotze had criticized his earlier materialistic position, advising him to read Kant, Czolbe finally addressed Kant, thereby progressing to a non-materialistic form of naturalism. However, whether to defend or to dismiss naturalism, neither philosopher addresses Kant as a transcendentalist thinker, and I go on to examine this common feature in their writings. This invites us to reconsider what exactly in Kant’s system conflicts with naturalism. Is transcendentalism too broad a requisite for that task? Within “ideal-realism”, the realist part actually implies a denial of transcendental idealism; still, it shows how a realism which refuses to be naturalism could well learn from Kant.
Effects of selected bleaching agents on the functional and structural properties of orange albedo starch-based bioplastics
Authors: Adeniyi Adewale G. , Saliu Oluwaseyi D. , Ighalo Joshua O. , Olosho Adebayo I. , Bankole Deborah T. , Amusat Sefiu O. , Kelani Eniola O.
Published: December 2019

Recent research has proven that starch offers a wide range of industrial, commercial, and utility applications if they are optimally processed and refined. In this study, the effect of hydrogen peroxide (HP), sodium persulfite, peracetic acid (PAA), and sodium perborate (SPB) bleaching agents on the physiochemical, surface, mechanical, and flow properties were investigated. The various bleached starch bioplastics were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Hydroxyl and carbonyl (C=O) stretching were seen for HP- and PAA-bleached starch bioplastics at 3285 and 1736 and 3265 and 1698 cm−1, respectively. The C=O band was absent for SPB-treated starch, whereas the C=S band was seen on sodium hyposulfite (SHS)-treated starch. The morphologies of starch were retained with little agglomerations, except for HP-treated starch bioplastics with a morphology change. HP-treated starch had the highest percentage crystallinity (66%) and the highest thermal stability (74% weight loss), whereas PAA-treated starch had the lowest percentage crystallinity (34%) and the lowest thermal stability (88% weight loss). HP- and SHS-bleached starch bioplastics had the best surface, mechanical, and expansion properties.
Effect of Laser Processing Parameters on Cut Quality after Engraving
Authors: Lichovník Jiří , Malotová Šárka , Zelinka Jan
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the quality evaluation of engraved surfaces of selected materials after application of CO2 E4060 laser. A machined steel was chosen steel ČSN 11 373, engraving was carried out on aluminium alloy EN AW 7075, plexiglass XT, plywood and cardboard. Engraving was performed under predetermined power conditions and laser feed rates. Marking of metallic materials was made after applying the marking paste LMM 6000. The evaluation was made on the basis of a visual inspection and then a suitable combination of parameters was chosen for individual materials.