bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voluntary exercise‐induced neurogenesis in the postischemic dentate gyrus is associated with spatial memory recovery from stroke
Authors: Luo Chun Xia , Jiang Jun , Zhou Qi Gang , Zhu Xin Jian , Wang Wei , Zhang Zhi Jun , Han Xiao , Zhu Dong Ya
Published: April 2007

Spatial cognitive impairment is common after stroke insults. Voluntary exercise could improve the impaired spatial memory. Newly generated neurons in the dentate gyrus are necessary for the acquisition of new hippocampus‐dependent memories. However, it is not well known whether voluntary exercise after stroke promotes neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus, thereby promoting spatial memory recovery. Here, we examined in mice subjected to focal cerebral ischemia the effect of voluntary or forced exercise on neurogenesis in the ischemic dentate gyrus and spatial memory. Exposure to voluntary wheel running after stroke enhanced newborn cell survival and up‐regulated the phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the dentate gyrus and reversed ischemia‐induced spatial memory impairment. However, the enhanced newborn cell survival and CREB phosphorylation in the dentate gyrus and improved spatial memory were not observed in the mice exposed to forced swimming. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the total number of surviving newborn cells in the dentate gyrus and the ability of mice to locate the platform in the Morris water maze. These results suggest that, in the adult mice, exposure to voluntary exercise after ischemic stroke may promote newborn cells survival in the dentate gyrus by up‐regulating CREB phosphorylation and consequently restore impaired hippocampus‐dependent memory. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acutely increased cyclophilin a expression after brain injury: A role in blood‐brain barrier function and tissue preservation
Authors: Redell John B. , Zhao Jing , Dash Pramod K.
Published: April 2007

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) compromise is a significant pathologic event that manifests early following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Because many signaling cascades are initiated immediately after the traumatic event, we were interested in examining acute differential protein expression that may be involved in BBB function. At acute time points postinjury, altered protein expression may result from altered translation efficiency or turnover rate rather than from a genomic response. The application of tandem 2‐D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis is a powerful approach for directly screening differential protein expression following TBI. Using comparative 2‐D gel analysis, we selected candidate protein spots with apparent altered expression and identified them by mass spectrometry. Cyclophilin A was selected for further analysis because it has been implicated in endothelial cell activation and inflammation, and studies have suggested cyclosporine A, an inhibitor of all cyclophilin isoforms, might be beneficial after TBI. We examined if altered expression of cyclophilin A in the brain vasculature might play a role in BBB function. We found significantly increased cyclophilin A levels in isolated brain microvessels 30 min following injury. Postinjury administration of cyclosporine A significantly attenuated BBB permeability measured 24 hr postinjury, suggesting cyclophilin activity after TBI may be detrimental. However, direct injection of purified recombinant cyclophilin A attenuated both BBB permeability and tissue damage in a stab wound model of injury. These findings suggest that increased expression of cyclophilin A may play a protective role after TBI, whereas other cyclophilin isoforms may be detrimental. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inverted, stapled J‐pouch free jejunal transfer for reconstruction of the pharynx and esophagus
Authors: Talbot Simon G , Cordeiro Peter G
Published: April 2007

Since the advent of the jejunal free flap in the early 1900s, it has become one of the most effective and widely used methods for reconstruction of circumferential defects of the esophagus, often due to malignant disease. However, as esophageal resections extend further cranially, reconstruction becomes more difficult due to the size discrepancy between the proximal jejunum and the pharygostome. Several authors have described techniques to overcome this problem, although there is, as yet, no consensus on the most effective method. Here we present our experience with an inverted, stapled J‐pouch free jejunal transfer, analogous to that used in the ileoanal anastomosis after proctocolectomy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis coli. In the head and neck, the inverted J‐pouch provides several advantages when a resection extends into the pharynx: a closer size match to the large pharyngeal defect, a reservoir to aid swallowing, and increased conduit size proximally to aid gravity‐dependent swallowing in the presence of uncoordinated peristalsis and tongue resection. This technique has served as a safe, effective, and rapid operation for this complex reconstructive problem. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:663–669. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of high performance capillary electrophoresis on toxic alkaloids analysis
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Rong , Zhang Yurong , Yu Yunqiu
Published: April 2007

We employed CE to identify mixtures of the toxic alkaloids lappaconitine, bullatine A, atropine sulfate, atropine methobromide, scopolamine hydrobromide, anisodamine hydrobromide, brucine, strychnine, quinine sulfate, and chloroquine in human blood and urine, using procaine hydrochloride as an internal standard. The separation employed a fused‐silica capillary of 75 μm id×60 cm length (effective length: 50.2 cm) and a buffer containing 100 mM phosphate and 5% ACN (pH 4.0). The sample was injected in a pressure mode and the separation was performed at a voltage of 16 kV and a temperature of 25°C. The compounds were detected by UV absorbance at wavelengths of 195 and 235 nm. All the ten alkaloids were separated within 16 min. The method was validated with regard to precision (RSD), accuracy, sensitivity, linear range, LOD, and LOQ. In blood and urine samples, the detection limits were 5–40 ng/mL and linear calibration curves were obtained over the range of 0.02–10 μg/mL. The precision of intra‐ and interday measurements was less than 15%. Electrophoretic peaks could be identified either by the relative migration time or by their UV spectrum.
Solvent and substituent effects on the electrochemical oxidation of substituted benzylamines in 2‐methylpropan‐2‐ol/water medium
Authors: Thirumoorthi A. , Elango K. P.
Published: April 2007

Electrochemical oxidation of various para‐ and meta‐substituted benzylamines in different mole fractions of 2‐methylpropan‐2‐ol in water has been investigated in the presence of 0.1 M sulfuric acid as supporting electrolyte. The oxidation potential data of benzylamines correlates well with Hammett's substituent constants affording negative reaction constants (−1.112 < ρ > −1.529). The correlation of the oxidation potential values with macroscopic solvent parameters is nonlinear, suggesting the operation of both specific and nonspecific solvent–solvent–solute interaction mechanisms. Correlation of the experimental data with Kamlet–Taft solvatochromic parameters is excellent (100r2 > 98%) and the results reveal that the reactivity is influenced by the preferential solvational effects. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 371–377, 2007
Kinetic and product study of the gas‐phase reaction of sabinaketone with OH radical
Authors: Carrasco Nathalie , Picquet‐Varrault Benedicte , Doussin Jean‐François
Published: April 2007

Sabinaketone is one major photooxidation product of sabinene, an important biogenic volatile organic compound. This article provides the first product study and the second rate constant determination of its reaction with OH radicals. Experiments were investigated under controlled conditions for pressure and temperature in the LISA indoor simulation chamber using FTIR spectrometry. Kinetic study was carried out at 295 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure using the relative rate technique with isoprene as the reference compound. The rate constant was found to be ksabinaketone + OH = (7.1 ± 1.0) × 10−12 molecule−1 cm3 s−1. Acetone and formaldehyde were detected as products of the reaction with the respective yields of Racetone = 0.9 ± 0.2 and RHCHO = 1.2 ± 0.3. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 415–421, 2007
A high‐temperature chemical kinetic model for primary reference fuels
Authors: Chaos Marcos , Kazakov Andrei , Zhao Zhenwei , Dryer Frederick L.
Published: April 2007

A chemical kinetic mechanism has been developed to describe the high‐temperature oxidation and pyrolysis of n‐heptane, iso‐octane, and their mixtures. An approach previously developed by this laboratory was used here to partially reduce the mechanism while maintaining a desired level of detailed reaction information. The relevant mechanism involves 107 species undergoing 723 reactions and has been validated against an extensive set of experimental data gathered from the literature that includes shock tube ignition delay measurements, premixed laminar‐burning velocities, variable pressure flow reactor, and jet‐stirred reactor species profiles. The modeled experiments treat dynamic systems with pressures up to 15 atm, temperatures above 950 K, and equivalence ratios less than approximately 2.5. Given the stringent and comprehensive set of experimental conditions against which the model is tested, remarkably good agreement is obtained between experimental and model results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 399–414, 2007
Best Approximation on Convex Sets in Metric Linear Spaces
Authors: Ahuja G. C. , Narang T. D. , Trehan Swaran
Published: April 2007

In this paper the concepts of strictly convex and uniformly convex normed linear spaces are extended to metric linear spaces. A relationship between strict convexity and uniform convexity is established. Some existence and uniqueness theorems on best approximation in metric linear spaces under different conditions are proved.
A Note on a Class of Operators
Authors: Patel S. M.
Published: April 2007

The aim of this note is to study the spectral properties of the LUECKE's class R of operators T such that ‖(T – zI)−1‖=1/d(z, W(T)) for all z∉CLW(T), where CLW(T) is the closure of the numerical range W(T) of T and d(z, W(T)) is the distance from z to W(T). The main emphasis is on the investigation of those properties of operators of class R which are either similar to or distinct from those of operators satisfying the growth condition (G1).
Some Applications of ABHYANKAR's Lemma
Authors: Gold Robert , Madan M. L.
Published: April 2007

ABHYANKAR's Lemma provides a simple method of producing unramified extensions of number fields. By application of the lemma we simultaneously simplify and strengthen some recent results of ISHIDA concerning unramified abelian extensions and class numbers.
Anti‐mitotic activity of colchicine and the structural basis for its interaction with tubulin
Authors: Bhattacharyya Bhabatarak , Panda Dulal , Gupta Suvroma , Banerjee Mithu
Published: April 2007

In this review, an attempt has been made to throw light on the mechanism of action of colchicine and its different analogs as anti‐cancer agents. Colchicine interacts with tubulin and perturbs the assembly dynamics of microtubules. Though its use has been limited because of its toxicity, colchicine can still be used as a lead compound for the generation of potent anti‐cancer drugs. Colchicine binds to tubulin in a poorly reversible manner with high activation energy. The binding interaction is favored entropically. In contrast, binding of its simple analogs AC or DAAC is enthalpically favored and commences with comparatively low activation energy. Colchicine–tubulin interaction, which is normally pH dependent, has been found to be independent of pH in the presence of microtubule‐associated proteins, salts or upon cleavage of carboxy termini of tubulin. Biphasic kinetics of colchicines–tubulin interaction has been explained in light of the variation in the residues around the drug‐binding site onβ‐tubulin. Using the crystal structure of the tubulin–DAMAcolchicine complex, a detailed discussion on the pharmacophore concept that explains the variation of affinity for different colchicine site inhibitors (CSI) has been discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 28, No. 1, 155–183, 2008
Diffusion relaxation limit of a nonisentropic hydrodynamic model for semiconductors
Authors: Li Yeping
Published: April 2007

In this paper, we discussed a general multidimensional nonisentropic hydrodynamical model for semiconductors with small momentum relaxation time. The model is self‐consistent in the sense that the electric field, which forms a forcing term in the momentum equation, is determined by the coupled Poisson equation. With the help of the Maxwell‐type iteration, we prove that, as the relaxation time tends to zero, periodic initial‐value problem of certain scaled multidimensional nonisentropic hydrodynamic model has a unique smooth solution existing in the time interval where the corresponding classical drift‐diffusion model has smooth solutions. Meanwhile, we justify a formal derivation of the drift‐diffusion models from the nonisentropic hydrodynamic models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compact Butler Matrix using size reduced elements
Authors: Zheng Shaoyong , Chan Wing Shing
Published: April 2007

This article presents the design and realization of a compact 4×4 Butler Matrix for feeding a smart antenna array. The circuit using size reduced elements together with a novel topology occupies only 29% of the size of a conventional Butler Matrix without any loss in performance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1519–1521, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22489
A novel V‐band antenna for nondestructive testing techniques
Authors: Chernobrovkin R. , Ivanchenko I. , Popenko N.
Published: April 2007

The original V‐band antenna design meant for precision near‐field measurements is presented. The evident antenna advantages are demonstrated by means of model experiments with the different artificial radio‐transparent dielectrics. It has been shown that the permittivity of local inhomogeneities embedded into the dielectric matrix can be determined with confidence. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1732–1735, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22504
Improvement of the scattering center extraction by using the modified approximate prolate series interpolants
Authors: Bölükbas̨ Deniz , Ergin A. Arif
Published: April 2007

The three‐dimensional (3D) scattering center model of a complex target can be obtained from the 3D inverse synthetic aperture (ISAR) image by using the CLEAN algorithm. To form the ISAR image from the results of a shooting‐and‐bouncing‐ray (SBR) analysis, the image is updated on a ray‐by‐ray basis using a ray‐spread function, which turns out to be a “sinc” function. The “sinc” function does not decay rapidly, yielding a harsh trade‐off: in case the full “sinc” function is used, the algorithm becomes computationally intense. On the other hand, if it is truncated, convergence problems arise. To solve this trade‐off problem, the use of a band‐limited interpolant function, namely, modified approximate prolate series (MAPS) is proposed instead of the “sinc” function. The suggested MAPS can be shown to have better truncation error bounds than other ray spread functions. By using the suggested MAPS functions, the sidelobe artifacts are minimized and the computational complexity is decreased while extracting the scattering centers with correct positions, amplitudes, and better resolution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1623–1628, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22509
Disease detection in human blood using microwaves
Authors: Lonappan Anil , Thomas Vinu , Bindu G. , Rajasekaran C. , Mathew K. T.
Published: April 2007

This letter reports a novel in vitro test of blood analysis based on the measurement of the dielectric properties at microwave frequencies. The measurements were made using rectangular cavity perturbation technique at the S‐band of microwave frequency with the different samples of blood obtained from healthy donors as well as from patients. It is observed that an appreciably change in the dielectric properties of patient samples with the normal healthy samples and this measurements were in good agreement with clinical analysis. This measurement technique is nondestructive in nature. These results indicate an alternative in vitro method of diagnosing blood abnormalities using microwaves.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1589–1592, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22512
Symmetry, XPD, and port isolation in an ACMPA array with dual linear polarization
Authors: Torres‐Sánchez Roberto , Casares‐Miranda Francisco P. , Márquez‐Segura Enrique , Otero Pablo
Published: April 2007

Aperture coupled microstrip patch antennas (ACMPA) are very convenient array elements for designing high directivity planar antennas. Dual polarization ACMPA arrays for Direct Broadcasting Services (DBS) have the problems of low cross‐polar discrimination (XPD) and port isolation. In this work, the relationships between feed symmetry and the values of XPD and Port Isolation are investigated. A particular feeding structure, which optimizes XPD and Port Isolation, is proposed. An 4 × 4 array that operates at the European DBS frequencies has been designed, built, and measured to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed structure. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1722–1727, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22516
A new type of microstrip coupler with complementary split‐ring resonator
Authors: Liu Kai‐yu , Li Chao , Li Fang
Published: April 2007

A new type of microstrip coupler with complementary split‐ring resonator (CSRR) is proposed. The characteristic impedance of the even mode can be enhanced by etching CSRR structure in the grounded plane of a conventional microstrip parallel‐coupled coupler. This results in a higher degree of coupling. Based on the analysis of the odd and even modes, a new type of microstrip coupler was designed. The results of simulation and measurement show that the new coupler achieves a high degree of coupling (3 dB coupling) over a wide frequency band (38.1% relative bandwidth). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1613–1616, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22522
CPW‐FED fractal bow‐tie antenna
Authors: Soliman Ezzeldin A. , De Raedt Walter , Vandenbosch Guy A. E.
Published: April 2007

A novel fractal bow‐tie antenna fed with CPW is presented in this letter. The proposed antenna consists of a Sierpinski fractal bow‐tie patch placed on one side of the substrate and a coupling slot dipole placed on the other side. The geometrical parameters of the antenna are optimized for best performance at 5.2 GHz. The proposed antenna has been fabricated using printed circuit board (PCB) technology. Although the antenna is fabricated on a low dielectric constant substrate, its size is still remarkably small (16 mm × 16 mm). The antenna has been characterized both theoretically and experimentally. The measured and calculated results are presented, compared, and discussed.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1587–1589, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22523
Investigation on UWB printed monopole antenna with rectangular slitted groundplane
Authors: Bao X. L. , Ammann M. J.
Published: April 2007

An optimized design for the rectangular printed monopole antenna with a slitted groundplane is presented. A parametric study of antenna parameters, including the length and width of the ground plane, the length and width of the rectangular plate, and the gap between the patch and ground plane is presented. A slit in the ground plane is shown to reduce the lower‐edge frequency and improve the bandwidth. A parametric study of the slit is given.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1585–1587, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22524
A new and explicit matrix input impedance formula for the H‐shaped microstrip patch antenna
Authors: Ooi S. F. , Lee S. K. , Sambell A. , Korolkiewicz E. , Scott S.
Published: April 2007

In this letter, a new and explicit matrix input impedance formula for the H‐shaped microstrip patch antenna with a probe feed together with new coupling impedance formulas are presented. A compact H‐shaped antenna operating at 2.45 GHz has been designed and tested. Good agreement for the input impedance and the return loss has been obtained for the predicted, simulated, and measured results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1756–1759, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22525
Guided modes in a grounded slab waveguide of uniaxially anisotropic left‐handed material
Authors: Liu Songhua , Chen Liang , Liang Changhong
Published: April 2007

The guidance conditions of TE and TM waves with both real and imaginary transverse wave numbers in a grounded slab waveguide of uniaxially anisotropic left‐handed material are derived. The mode properties for guided TE waves, such as the existence of guided modes, the number of possible modes and the mode cutoffs are analyzed in different cases graphically. Furthermore, we come into some new conclusions different from the mode properties in an isotropic LHM slab. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1644–1648, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22531
Compact wide band monopolar patch antenna
Authors: Lau Pui‐Yi , Yung Edward K. N.
Published: April 2007

A compact wideband monopolar patch antenna, which is resonated by a multioperating structure, is presented. The multioperating structured antenna is constructed by a crossshape copper plate folded as an upward cap, excited by a square disc coupling feed. Without the folded upward wall, the antenna exhibits about 30% impedance bandwidth (SWR < 2). The upward wall provides an extra impedance bandwidth in the lower band. By choosing the certain height of the upward wall, the bandwidth can be enhanced appreciably up to 76% (SWR < 2) from 1.74 to 3.87 GHz. The antenna exhibits a stable gain around 4 dBi and radiation patterns in the whole operating frequency. The resonance length reduction is 63% when compared with the conventional TM01 mode (one wave length) patch antenna. Experimental results show a good agreement with the simulation results obtained by IE3D.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1581–1585, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22535
An efficient sparse approximate inverse preconditioning for FMM implementation
Authors: Rui P. L. , Chen R. S.
Published: April 2007

For efficiently solving large dense complex linear systems that arise in electric field integral equations (EFIE) of electromagnetic scattering problems, the fast multipole method (FMM) is used to accelerate the matrix‐vector product operations, and the sparse approximate inverse (SAI) preconditioning technique is employed to speed up the convergence rate of the Krylov iterations. A good quality SAI preconditioner in the FMM context is constructed based on the near‐field matrix of the EFIE. The main purpose of this paper is to show that the quality of the SAI preconditioner can be greatly improved by use of information from FMM implementation. Numerical experiments indicate that the resulted SAI preconditioner is very effective with FMM and can reduce the overall simulation time significantly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1746–1750, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22538
Multifrequency characteristics of sinc shaped microstrip patch antenna
Authors: Gupta Nisha , Mishra Mrinal , Kotha Suneel Chandra , Kiran Yalamanchili
Published: April 2007

Characteristics of a single‐layer, multi‐frequency microstrip patch antenna, which uses a Sinc shaped microstrip patch configuration, are studied. This antenna is capable of providing good impedance matching at all frequencies without tuning the feed position and other design parameters. A parametric study is conducted using commercial software IE3D, based on method of moments (MoM) algorithm. The effects of various antenna parameters on resonant frequencies of the antenna are analyzed and discussed. Similar radiation patterns are obtained at three resonant frequencies. A prototype with dimensions based on the simulations is built and tested. A comparison between the measured and simulated results shows good agreement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1673–1675, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22541
Two‐dimensional efficient metamaterial‐inspired electrically‐small antenna
Authors: Erentok Aycan , Ziolkowski Richard W.
Published: April 2007

Inexpensive, efficient, and electrically‐small antenna designs are presented, which are based on a two‐dimensional (2D) metamaterial‐inspired structure driven by an electrically‐small rectangular semiloop antenna that is coaxially‐fed through a finite PEC ground plane. Measured reflection coefficients showed a very good agreement with the simulated data, where the measured resonant frequency is only 0.5% different from the numerically predicted value. The proposed 2D antenna systems are linearly scalable with frequency, and predicted radiation characteristics of the antenna systems at 300, 430, and 1580 MHz are reported. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1669–1673, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22542
Electromagnetic field measurements of radio transmitters in urban area and exposure analysis
Authors: Ozen Sukru , Helhel Selcuk , Colak O. Halil
Published: April 2007

Far field measurement of electric fields in an area surrounding the GSM, and TV broadcast stations in Antalya (Turkey) is presented. A great inclination to use of mobile phones as well as FM radios and TV transmitters has brought about a proliferation of new radio base stations. Lack of public information and scientific studies carried out at limit values cause a spite against radio companies. Collected data through out Antalya City demonstrates that radio emissions are about at most 10% of limit values for GSM transmitters, while it is about 50% of limit values for TV transmitters. Results show that 164 MHz radio transmitter (∼1.1 mW/kg) produces about 60 times stronger local SAR than 1800 MHz GSM transmitter (∼0.02 mW/kg), and children are more sensitive than average‐man for the same electric field intensity, and gather more SAR values.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1572–1578, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22548
Analysis and design of cross‐coupled single mode dielectric resonator cavity filter
Authors: Sun Xiaoguang , Sun Jianmin
Published: April 2007

A kind of cross‐coupled bandpass filter constructed by placing ring‐type dielectric resonators inside the metallic cavities is described in this article. This cross‐coupled filter is designed as a six‐pole quasi‐elliptic function bandpass prototype with two transmission zeros symmetrically below and above passband, respectively. The coupling matrix of this prototype has been calculated and the effect of cross‐coupling coefficient has also been investigated. Practical realization of the filter is discussed in detail and the measured response has good agreement with the analysis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1744–1746, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22550
Multimode fiber ring‐down pressure sensor
Authors: Qiu Huiye , Qiu Yishen , Chen Zhihao , Fu Baoyu , Chen Xiyao , Li Gaoming
Published: April 2007

A fiber‐loop ring‐down spectroscopy based on multimode fiber is proposed for pressure measurement. It has been found that the multimode fiber‐loop ring‐down pressure sensor has higher sensitivity and larger dynamic range up to 6.2 × 107 Pa compared to the single mode counterpart. Good stability and repeatability of the sensor are also demonstrated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1698–1700, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22553
Color pattern recognition using image encoding joint transform correlator
Authors: Lee Chungcheng , Chen Chulung
Published: April 2007

A color pattern recognition scheme with encoding technique based on the nonzero order joint transform correlator is proposed. Each color target image is organized as a new grayscale encoded image. A Lagrange multipliers approach is also used to design an optimized synthetic reference function. A joint transform power spectrum subtraction method is applied to remove the zero order terms in addition. Simulation results verify the performance of the proposed technique. This correlator can reduce the channel number in the input and still maintain good ability in color image recognition. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1665–1669, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22554
MRS quality assessment in a multicentre study on MRS‐based classification of brain tumours
Authors: van der Graaf Marinette , Julià‐Sapé Margarida , Howe Franklyn A. , Ziegler Anne , Majós Carles , Moreno‐Torres Angel , Rijpkema Mark , Acosta Dionisio , Opstad Kirstie S. , van der Meulen Yvonne M. , Arús Carles , Heerschap Arend
Published: April 2007

This paper reports on quality assessment of MRS in the European Union‐funded multicentre project INTERPRET (International Network for Pattern Recognition of Tumours Using Magnetic Resonance; http://azizu.uab.es/INTERPRET), which has developed brain tumour classification software using in vivo proton MR spectra. The quality assessment consisted of both MR system quality assurance (SQA) and quality control (QC) of spectral data acquired from patients and healthy volunteers. The system performance of the MR spectrometers at all participating centres was checked bimonthly by a short measurement protocol using a specially designed INTERPRET phantom. In addition, a more extended SQA protocol was performed yearly and after each hardware or software upgrade. To compare the system performance for in vivo measurements, each centre acquired MR spectra from the brain of five healthy volunteers. All MR systems fulfilled generally accepted minimal system performance for brain MRS during the entire data acquisition period. The QC procedure of the MR spectra in the database comprised automatic determination of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in a water‐suppressed spectrum and of the line width of the water resonance (water band width, WBW) in the corresponding non‐suppressed spectrum. Values of SNR > 10 and WBW < 8 Hz at 1.5 T were determined empirically as conservative threshold levels required for spectra to be of acceptable quality. These thresholds only hold for SNR and WBW values using the definitions and data processing described in this article. A final QC check consisted of visual inspection of each clinically validated water‐suppressed metabolite spectrum by two, or, in the case of disagreement, three, experienced MR spectroscopists, to detect artefacts such as large baseline distortions, exceptionally broadened metabolite peaks, insufficient removal of the water line, large phase errors, and signals originating from outside the voxel. In the end, 10% of 889 spectra with completed spectroscopic judgement were discarded. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical solution of parametrized Navier–Stokes equations by reduced basis methods
Authors: Quarteroni Alfio , Rozza Gianluigi
Published: April 2007

We apply the reduced basis method to solve Navier–Stokes equations in parametrized domains. Special attention is devoted to the treatment of the parametrized nonlinear transport term in the reduced basis framework, including the case of nonaffine parametric dependence that is treated by an empirical interpolation method. This method features (i) a rapid global convergence owing to the property of the Galerkin projection onto a space WN spanned by solutions of the governing partial differential equation at N (optimally) selected points in the parameter space, and (ii) the offline/online computational procedures that decouple the generation and projection stages of the approximation process.

This method is well suited for the repeated and rapid evaluations required in the context of parameter estimation, design, optimization, and real‐time control. Our analysis focuses on: (i) the pressure treatment of incompressible Navier–Stokes problem; (ii) the fulfillment of an equivalent inf–sup condition to guarantee the stability of the reduced basis solutions. The applications that we consider involve parametrized geometries, like e.g. a channel with curved upper wall or an arterial bypass configuration. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 23: 923–948, 2007
An iterative substructuring method for the hp‐version of the BEM on quasi‐uniform triangular meshes
Authors: Heuer Norbert , Leydecker Florian , Stephan Ernst P.
Published: April 2007

We study an additive Schwarz based preconditioner for the hp‐version of the boundary element method with quasi‐uniform triangular meshes and for hypersingular integral operators. The model problem is Laplace's equation exterior to an open surface and is generic for elliptic boundary value problems of second order in bounded and unbounded domains with closed or open boundary. The preconditioner is based on a nonoverlapping subspace decomposition into a so‐called wire basket space and interior functions for each element. We prove that the condition number of the preconditioned stiffness matrix has a bound, which is independent of the mesh size h and which grows only polylogarithmically in p, the maximum polynomial degree. Numerical experiments confirm this result. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 23: 879–903, 2007
Movement‐to‐music computer technology: a developmental play experience for children with severe physical disabilities
Authors: Tam Cynthia , Schwellnus Heidi , Eaton Ceilidh , Hamdani Yani , Lamont Andrea , Chau Tom
Published: April 2007

Children with severe physical disabilities often lack the physical skills to explore their environment independently, and to play with toys or musical instruments. The movement‐to‐music (MTM) system is an affordable computer system that allows children with limited movements to play and create music. The present study explored parents' experiences of using the MTM system with their children. A qualitative methodology employing in‐depth interview techniques was used with six mothers and their children. The themes extracted from the data were organized under two main concepts of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) (WHO, 2001) framework. The results showed that the MTM expanded horizons for the child along the ICF health dimensions and the MTM had a positive impact on ICF environmental determinants of health. The small sample size should be noted as a limitation of this study. Further research should be carried out with a larger sample of children with restricted mobility to obtain a better understanding of the impact of MTM technology on children's psychosocial development. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The emerging role of ACE2 in physiology and disease
Authors: Hamming I , Cooper ME , Haagmans BL , Hooper NM , Korstanje R , Osterhaus ADME , Timens W , Turner AJ , Navis G , van Goor H
Published: April 2007

The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is a key regulator of systemic blood pressure and renal function and a key player in renal and cardiovascular disease. However, its (patho)physiological roles and its architecture are more complex than initially anticipated. Novel RAAS components that may add to our understanding have been discovered in recent years. In particular, the human homologue of ACE (ACE2) has added a higher level of complexity to the RAAS. In a short period of time, ACE2 has been cloned, purified, knocked‐out, knocked‐in; inhibitors have been developed; its 3D structure determined; and new functions have been identified. ACE2 is now implicated in cardiovascular and renal (patho)physiology, diabetes, pregnancy, lung disease and, remarkably, ACE2 serves as a receptor for SARS and NL63 coronaviruses. This review covers available information on the genetic, structural and functional properties of ACE2. Its role in a variety of (patho)physiological conditions and therapeutic options of modulation are discussed. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medication dosing errors in hospitalized patients with renal impairment: a study in Palestine
Authors: Sweileh Waleed M. , Janem Samah A. , Sawalha Ansam F. , Abu‐Taha Adham S. , Zyoud Sa'ed H. , Sabri Iyad A. , Al‐jabi Samah W. , Jaradat Nidal A. , Zaid Abed Al‐Naser M.
Published: April 2007

Background and Aim

Reduced renal function requires dose adjustment for certain drugs to avoid toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine whether appropriate dosage adjustments were made for drugs that are nephrotoxic, excreted, or metabolized (TEM medications) by the kidney in patients with renal impairment.

Methodology

A cross‐sectional study of a group of hospitalized patients was carried out at Al‐Watni governmental hospital, Nablus, Palestine. All patients with creatinine clearance ≤59 ml/min were included in the analysis. Data regarding patients' clinical, laboratory findings and medications whether they were prescribed at hospital or at discharge were collected from patients' medical files. Evaluation of appropriate dosing was based on Physician Disk Reference (PDR). All data were collected for further research and subsequent statistical analysis using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for windows version 10.

Results

A total of 78 patients had calculated creatinine clearance ≤59 ml/min. Those patients were prescribed a total of 1001 lines of prescription medication. Dosage adjustment was necessary for 193 TEM medications. Analysis of TEM medications with guidelines for adjustment indicated that 73.58%(142) were found to be inappropriate and 26.42% (51) were found to be appropriate. The most common inappropriate medications were ranitidine, antibiotics, and digoxin. Approximately 77.5% of the unadjusted medications were prescribed during hospitalization.

Conclusion

In our study, a wide range of dosing errors was common among patients with renal impairment that was common during hospitalization. Continued medical education in the field of clinical pharmacokinetics is important for physicians. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential protein labeling with thiol‐reactive infrared DY‐680 and DY‐780 maleimides and analysis by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis
Authors: Riederer Irène M. , Riederer Beat M.
Published: April 2007

Differential protein labeling with 2‐DE separation is an effective method for distinguishing differences in the protein composition of two or more protein samples. Here, we report on a sensitive infrared‐based labeling procedure, adding a novel tool to the many labeling possibilities. Defined amounts of newborn and adult mouse brain proteins and tubulin were exposed to maleimide‐conjugated infrared dyes DY‐680 and DY‐780 followed by 1‐ and 2‐DE. The procedure allows amounts of less than 5 µg of cysteine‐labeled protein mixtures to be detected (together with unlabeled proteins) in a single 2‐DE step with an LOD of individual proteins in the femtogram range; however, co‐migration of unlabeled proteins and subsequent general protein stains are necessary for a precise comparison. Nevertheless, the most abundant thiol‐labeled proteins, such as tubulin, were identified by MS, with cysteine‐containing peptides influencing the accuracy of the identification score. Unfortunately, some infrared‐labeled proteins were no longer detectable by Western blots. In conclusion, differential thiol labeling with infrared dyes provides an additional tool for detection of low‐abundant cysteine‐containing proteins and for rapid identification of differences in the protein composition of two sets of protein samples.
Impact of cancer on Moslem patients in Morocco
Authors: Errihani Hassan , Mrabti Hind , Boutayeb Saber , El Ghissassi Ibrahim , El Mesbahi Omar , Hammoudi Mohamed , Chergui Hanaa , Riadi Ahmed
Published: April 2007

Background: The study aims to determine the impact of cancer on Moroccan patients of Moslem faith.

Method: Patients included a convenience sample with histological confirmed cancer. Cases with cerebral metastasis or lacking capacity were excluded. Participants were assessed prospectively using a questionnaire covering epidemiological and socio‐economic characteristics, religious affiliation, repercussions of disease on religious beliefs and practices.

Results and conclusions: One thousand and six hundred patients (median age 49 years) were approached; 41% females and 74% from rural areas. There was a high rate of illiteracy (38%) and only 7% had higher education. Seventeen per cent were divorced, among whom 41% were divorced after diagnosis of cancer. Eighty‐seven per cent had no medical insurance. All were Muslims; 49% practising believers and 51% non‐practising. In the first group cancer represented a divine test that permitted acceptance of the disease. In the second group of ‘non‐practising believers’, patients reported a feeling of culpability and 95% of them started taking up religious practices, often with extremism and sometimes in contradiction of medical advice. In both groups new behaviours were noticed; 450 women now wore the ‘Hijab’ (scarf), 19% used popular medicine and plants in their diet recommended by the Koran.

While these results require replication they indicate changes in behaviour by those within the Moslem faith following a cancer diagnosis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thin‐film‐growth characteristics by computer simulation: Nanostructural changes as a function of deposition conditions
Authors: Gholipour Shahraki Mehran , Savaloni Hadi
Published: April 2007

A 1 + 1 dimensional computer simulation model for thin‐film deposition based on the ballistic aggregation of hard disks is developed, using the classical Monte Carlo method. The growth of thin metallic (e.g., Ni) and alloy (e.g., Co–Cr) films under different deposition conditions, considering the variation of different parameters, namely, substrate temperature, angle of incidence, substrate surface roughness (including amorphous substrates), and deposition rate, on a (111) face of fcc or a (100) face of hcp substrates is simulated. Results are qualitatively in good agreement with the structure zone model (SZM) predictions. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Non‐equilibrium properties of mesoscopic systems – functional renormalization group approach
Authors: Pruschke Th. , Gezzi R. , Meden V.
Published: April 2007

Using the Keldysh technique for non‐equilibrium interacting many‐particle systems, the concept of the functional renormalization is extended to non‐equilibrium situations. The approach is completely general and thus allows calculations for both stationary and time‐dependent situations. As a specific example we present results for the stationary state transport through a quantum dot with finite bias voltage. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron transport through parallel double quantum dots with interdot correlations
Authors: Sztenkiel D. , Świrkowicz R.
Published: April 2007

Electron transport through a system of two quantum dots coupled via tunneling processes and attached to external electrodes is studied within the framework of the Green function formalism based on the equation of motion method. Interdot Coulomb interactions are taken into account in a form of a Hubbard‐like term and the interplay between interference and electron correlation effects is investigated. It is shown that Coulomb interactions strongly modify the linear conductance. However, the Fano‐like behaviour can be observed and a dip in the conductance which appears due to interference effects practically is not influenced by interdot correlations. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adiabatic effects on the bipolaronic charge ordered phase in the Holstein model
Authors: Grzybowski P.
Published: April 2007

We reanalyze the strong‐coupling expansion for the Holstein model in the limit of low and medium phonon frequencies. We focus on the interplay between the dynamical phonon dressing of the electrons and the static phonon distortion in the bipolaronic charge order (CO) phase. We propose a variational approach to this problem and obtain an expression for the ground state energy. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fragmentation of 3‐hydroxyflavone; a computational and mass spectrometric study
Authors: Lewars Errol G. , March Raymond E.
Published: April 2007

In a recent study of the collision‐induced dissociation of protonated and deprotonated molecules of 3‐, 5‐, 6‐, 7‐, 2′‐, 3′‐ and 4′‐hydroxyflavone, it was observed that the ratio, γ, of the propensities for cross‐ring cleavage (CRC) to ring opening (RO) varied by a factor of 660, i.e., from 0.014:1 (for deprotonated 3‐hydroxyflavone) to 9.27:1 (for deprotonated 5‐hydroxyflavone). An explanation for the variation of γ was presented in terms of experimental NMR 13C and 1H spectra modified by computation. Deprotonated 3‐hydroxyflavone exhibited the highest ion signal intensity for fragmentation following RO relative to that for CRC in that γ = 0.014:1. Because no chemical computations of the fragmentation of protonated and deprotonated monohydroxyflavone molecules have been carried out thus far, the basis on which fragmentation mechanisms for deprotonated 3‐hydroxyflavone have been proposed is principally chemical intuition. The energy states of product ions formed in the fragmentation of deprotonated 3‐hydroxyflavone molecules were computed by the CBS‐4M method implemented in Gaussian 03. The overly demanding calculations needed to handle diradicals reliably and directly were circumvented by a process in which each of the bond‐breaking reactions was approximated by a process that gave two monoradicals. Bond energies were calculated, with one exception, from the approximation reactions as the energy of products minus the energy of reactants. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.