bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the DNA isolation procedure for assessing the genetic diversity of essential oil roses (Rosa L.)
Authors: Seitadzhieva S. B. , Guchetl S. Z. , Didovich S. V. , Gorodnyaya E. V.
Published: October 2024

Background. High content of organic compounds that worsen nucleic acid purification in aromatic plants, as well as the use of such toxic substances as phenol and mercaptoethanol in many protocols for plant DNA isolation, make it advisable to take the above disadvantages into account when optimizing the DNA extraction technique for the work with essential oil rose plants. Material and methods. Rose accessions from the Crimean Federal University’s Botanical Garden, and those from the collection held by the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea were included in the study. DNA extraction was done according to a modified CTAB protocol. Effectiveness of the technique was assessed using spectrophotometry, horizontal electrophoresis, and ISSR-PCR. Results. DNA preparations extracted with the modified technique were well visualized on the electropherogram and demonstrated high spectrophotometric values. DNA content was twice as high in preparations isolated with an extraction buffer with PVP, compared to a PVP-free buffer. The concentration was also higher in DNA extracts from stems than that from leaves. Purity parameters expressed by the absorption ratios at wavelengths A260/280 and A260/230 were again higher for DNA extracts from stems isolated with an enriched buffer, the A260/230 ratio falling within the normal range only in DNA extracted from stems in the presence of PVP. Besides, DNA extracts were effectively purified from proteins without phenol or mercaptoethanol, due to double rinsing with a chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (24 : 1) mixture. Conclusion. Using rose stem tissues as the research material, adding 2% PVP to the extraction buffer, and twofold rinsing with a chloroform/isoamyl alcohol mixture made it possible to obtain DNA extracts with high concentrations and purity indices within normal ranges suitable for the ISSR analysis of essential oil rose genetic diversity.
Restoration of the spike architectonics in ancient barley excavated at the twelfth-century settlement of Usvyaty
Authors: Semilet T. V. , Smirnova N. V. , Shvachko N. A. , Kovaleva O. N. , Khlestkina E. K.
Published: October 2024

Background. The data are presented on the architectonics of ancient barley spikes from the 12th century, excavated in 2019 at Usvyaty Settlement. Modern molecular genetics approaches were used to study domestication genes (Btr1, Btr2, and Vrs) in ancient and contemporary barleys (germplasm accessions preserved at VIR).Materials and methods. The carbonized kernels found by archaeologists during the excavations at Usvyaty were analyzed. Primers for domestication genes were designed, and PCR was performed on contemporary and ancient barley grains. Ancient kernels were studied in accordance with the rules established for organizing a paleogenetics laboratory, which excluded any contamination with contemporary DNA. Fragments of domestication genes from contemporary and ancient barley grain samples underwent Sanger sequencing. Results. Ancient DNA was isolated and enriched. The analysis of domestication gene sequences made it possible to reconstruct the ancient barley spike’s features. Conclusion. The ancient cereal crop architectonics was restored to ascertain a brittle two-row spike of ancient barley
The genus Helianthus L. in the Russian Far East and in East Asia
Authors: Lesik E. V. , Kreshchenok I. A. , Talovina G. V.
Published: October 2024

Background. By now, Helianthus L. spp. have spread out to many parts of the world as cultivated or adventive plants. Herbarium collections, published sources, and our own data were used to study the emergence, distribution, environmental patterns, and adaptation of 6 species and 1 subspecies of Helianthus L. in the Russian Far East and in East Asia.Materials and methods. Field studies in the Russian Far East were carried out using the route-based method from 2001 through 2022 over Amur Province, and Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories. The data for the entire area of studies were retrieved from published sources and official web databases. Maps with Helianthus growing sites were made using the MapInfo software. Results and conclusions. Changes in environmental conditions contributed to the expansion of the range of H. annuus L. and H. tuberosus L. Actively cultivated in the Russian Far East and in East Asia, these two species are obviously quite localized to areas with a mild, warm and humid climate. Other Helianthus spp. are distributed to a much lesser extent, being in most cases poorly adapted to uncultivated growth in the Russian Far East or East Asia. Increased occurrence of H. annuus subsp. lenticularis (Douglas ex Lindl.) Cockerell in agrocenoses of Amur Province is probably associated with underpurified soybean material. Higher distribution of H. strumosus L. across ruderal communities in Japan, contrary to the other studied areas, is likely to have been induced by specific climate conditions. On the whole, the physical geography, the pace and degree of anthropogenic pressure, and the climate change impacts in East Asia and the Russian Far East favored successful naturalization, albeit uneven distribution, of H. annuus and H. tuberosus in various disturbed communities, in contrast to H. rigidus (Cass.) Desf., H. laetiflorus Pers., or H. petiolaris Nutt.
Selective list of the Catalogues of the VIR Global Collection on vegetables and cucurbits published in 1962–2023
Authors: Article Editorial
Published: October 2024

The Catalogue of the VIR Global Collection series is addressed to plant breeders and crop experts solving practical problems in plan breeding and seed production, plant scientists conducting fundamental and applied research, teachers and learners. The publications within this series help to disclose the potential of the VIR global collection of plant genetic resources and the VIR herbarium (WIR) as an important part of Russian bioresource collections (BRC). The editors of the journal Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding decided to publish the Selective list of the Catalogues of the VIR Global Collection on vegetables and cucurbits published in 1962–2023 to throw light on VIR’s publishing activities, attract more attention to the Catalogue of the VIR Global Collection series, and specify the numbers and titles of the series’ issues for authors of scientific manuscripts. For the users’ convenience, the sources are arranged chronologically, following the order of issue numbers. The editors hope that this list will prove useful to our readers and authors.
Rapid assessment of main agronomic indicators in the grain of winter and spring forms of triticale using infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Popov V. S. , Konkova N. G. , Shelenga T. V. , Khoreva V. I. , Kibkalo I. A. , Gadjimagomedova M. Kh. , Suvaryan L. G.
Published: October 2024

Background. Calibration models were developed for rapid assessment of crucial agronomic indicators in the grain of winter and spring triticale from the VIR collection using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). These calibration models will enable users to find the most optimal utilization trends for individual triticale accessions. Materials and methods. Indicators of agronomic value (coloration, moisture, and the content of ash, protein, starch, amylose and fiber) were studied on a set of 32 grain samples collected from winter and spring triticale forms (Triticosecale Wittm. & A. Camus) reproduced in 2021–2022 at the Dagestan Experiment Station, a branch of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). Calibration models for the assessment of the said agronomic characters in triticale grain were developed on the platform of the MATRIX-I IR analyzer (Bruker Optics, Germany) and based on the values obtained by classical methods of biochemical analysis adopted at VIR. Results. Reliability of the calibration models was tested on a randomized batch of triticale grain samples: the results of the new calibrations were compared with those of the conventional biochemical analysis. This verification showed that the data obtained through the use of calibration curves were reliable for protein and ash content, while other models required further improvement. Conclusion. Calibration models for measuring protein and ash content developed on the basis of the MATRIX-I IR analyzer can be used to perform rapid assessment of the winter and spring triticale grain. This method makes it possible to accelerate the process of obtaining crop characteristics for a number of basic agronomic characters and preserve valuable breeding material.
Esofagitis por cáusticos: desde el manejo médico al quirúrgico
Authors: Martínez-Montalvo Carlos Mauricio , Junca-Burgos Edgar Germán , Gómez-Zuleta Martin Alonso
Published: October 2024

Introducción. La ingestión por cáusticos es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial debido a la alta carga de morbilidad, mortalidad y costos. Por eso, es indispensable tener conocimientos claros sobre la situación en la población adulta, sin extrapolar datos de manejo de población pediátrica.
Métodos. Se realizó una revisión crítica de la información disponible con el fin de establecer los datos importantes en el manejo de la esofagitis por cáusticos en población adulta, incluyendo un análisis del tipo de ingesta, volumen, intencionalidad y edad, para ayudar a identificar de manera temprana las complicaciones susceptibles de manejo quirúrgico.
Resultados. La endoscopia tiene un rol importante en las primeras 24- 48 horas para establecer la severidad del daño según la clasificación de Zargar, que combinada con la clasificación imagenológica permite alcanzar un mejor pronóstico. No hay un beneficio demostrado con el uso de inhibidores de bombas de protones, mitomicina C, sonda nasogástrica o prótesis esofágica para prevenir las estenosis. Los esteroides tienen beneficio en Zargar ≥ 2B (pero con compromiso de vía aérea) y hay datos prometedores con el uso de sucralfato a altas dosis. En complicaciones derivadas de estenosis se prefiere la dilatación con Savary-Guillard de manera temprana. Luego de 10 años de la ingesta se debe hacer seguimiento endoscópico cada 2 -3 años para tamización de cáncer escamocelular de esófago.
Conclusión. La esofagitis por cáusticos es una condición con alta carga de morbilidad, cuyo pronóstico depende de las intervenciones tempranas y un manejo y seguimiento multidisciplinario.
EXTERIOR FEATURES OF COWS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS AND INTERBREED TYPES
Authors: Polupan Yu. P. , Bazyshyna I. V. , Pryima S. V. , Pochukalin A. Ye. , Polupan N. L.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the research was to determine the features of the exterior of first-calf heifers of different breeds, interbreed types and the influence of conditional blood by improving breeds. The exterior was evaluated in the herd of dairy cattle of the "Rosiya" breeding farm of the Donetsk region of 111 first-calf heifers Angler (AN), 28 – Red Danish (RD), 2034 – Ukrainian Red Dairy (URD), 69 – Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy (UBWD) and 16 – Holstein (H) breeds by the methods of instrumental (10 measurements), visual (10 linear descriptive signs of type) assessment and calculation of body structure indices. Among the URD, 700 animals are classified as fat-milk (FRD) and 1334 – to holsteinized (HRD) interbreed types. A significant level of interbreeding differentiation of first-calf heifers was established based on the evaluated external features. In the first-calf heifers of the H, UBWD and URD breeds, better development in height, chest and rump, as well as a general improvement in body structure, was noted. The first-calf heifers of the AN and RD breeds are characterized by the largest diameters of the length of the body and the smallest - the circumference of the shin. According to the exterior, two identical clusters of breeds and types are defined. The first includes animals of AN, RD breeds and FRD, the second – first-calf heifers of H, UBWD and HRD. The use of the H breed in crossbreeding shifts the proportions of the cow's exterior in the direction of increased height, long legs, relative narrow-chested, lowness, eyrisomia, and RD and AN – in the direction of stretched, bony, massive and overgrown. At the same time, the interbreed differentiation into quality groups according to the exterior and milk yield of HRD and FRD within a single URD exceeds in many cases the interbreed difference of the Holstein cluster (URD, UBWD, H). It was established by the analysis of variance that breed affiliation determines 0.3...7.5% of the total phenotypic variability of the exterior of first-calf heifers, and conditional blood by the H breed – 1.7...56.2%. Conditional blood by the H breed shows a direct reliable relationship with height at the withers (r = 66.0 ± 1.57%), rump (63.1 ± 1.62%), depth (22.4 ± 2.03%) and girth of the chest (42.7 ± 1.89%), width of buttocks (28.6 ± 2.00%), length of rump (21.2 ± 2.13%) and circumference of the shin (33.3 ± 1.97%). The width of the chest increases with an increase in conditional blood in the AN breed (15.0 ± 2.06%), and the length of body - in the RD breed (12.5 ± 2.07%). The established (correlation analysis) level and direction of the relative variability of conditional blood for improving breeds with exterior and milking traits confirms the expediency and perspective of using the H gene pool and the impracticality of further use of AN, RD and FRD.
BREEDING ACHIEVEMENTS OF UKRAINE (PAST, PRESENT): BREEDS, TYPES AND LINES OF AGRICULTURAL ANIMALS
Authors: Pochukalin A. Ye. , Pryima S. V. , Romanova O. V.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study was to establish chronologically breeding achievements in livestock breeding of Ukraine with the help of the relevant Register. To analyze the dynamics of the number of breeding animals, the State Register of Breeding Subjects in Livestock Breeding for the period 2002 ... 2022 was used. The genealogical structure of the six studied breeds of dairy cattle includes 10 interbreed and 11 local types, 47 local and 38 genealogical lines and about 244 families. Beef cattle are represented by four approved breeds, 4 interbreed and 2 local types, 32 lines and 172 families. The pedigree pig breeding of Ukraine includes seven domestic breeds with three interbreed types, 11 local types, 95 lines and 159 families. In the fields of sheep breeding and horse breeding, five and two breeds were created, respectively, and their genealogical structure was formed from 11 interbreed types and 28 families in sheep breeding and 15 lineages and related groups and 25 families in horse breeding. One breed and two crosses (10 lines) of laying hens, one cross (two lines and eight microlines) of turkeys and four breed groups of ducks represent poultry breeding.
Development of optimal compositions of coal blends for tamping. Report 2. Study of coal blends with assessment of the quality of coke produced
Authors: Miroshnychenko D.V. , Koval V.V. , Shulga I.V. , Sytnyk O.V. , Lutsenko Yu.V. , Kravchenko S.O. , Desna N.А.
Published: October 2024

The article describes the results of the study of the developed coal blends (charges) in the form of calculations and laboratory analyses. Their tamping ability was also studied to determine the shearing force and density of the coal cake at different levels of moisture and grinding. The values of the bursting pressure of the developed coal blends were determined. It is shown that all of them are characterised by safe values of this indicator for coking. It is determined that the greatest influence on the value of the bursting pressure of the charge is exerted by the content of class <0.5 mm. The points of extremum (optimum) of the bursting pressure function obtained by differentiating the second-degree regression equation, in which the first-order derivative is zero, are given. The optimum range of coal charge moisture content, at which the tamping characteristics reach their maximum values, has been determined. It is shown that with a decrease in the yield of volatile substances, the value of tamping shifts to the upper limit, and vice versa. It was found that the charge with the highest amount of finely dispersed additives has the best tamping ability. Laboratory coking of the developed coal blends was carried out to evaluate the quality characteristics of the resulting cokes, the analysis of which allowed us to select the optimal compositions of coal blends. The cokes obtained from the blends characterised by the highest values of the tamping index were the best in terms of mechanical strength. It has been established that in terms of reactivity (CRI) and coke residue strength after reaction (CSR), all variants of the obtained coke have quite satisfactory values, given the unfavourable ratios of basic and acidic oxides in the chemical composition of ash. The paper presents and substantiates the calculation of the optimal height of coking chambers. Based on the obtained values of the strength of tamped briquettes σzz from the studied compositions, the height of the coking chambers should be 5.5 m. At the same time, the tamping ratio (cake height to its width) should be no more than 13. Keywords: tamping, coal cake, shear resistance, strength of the tamped cake, coke quality, height of the coking chamber. Corresponding author Miroshnichenko D.V, e-mail: dvmir79@gmail.com
Mapping the Trump-Harris First Presidential Debate: Narratives of Trumpism Propagation Rattle Voters' Ontological Security
Authors: Merkouraki Maria , Tzioti Konstantina
Published: October 2024

Following the first-ever face-to-face Trump-Harris presidential debate in Philadelphia, broadcast by ABC News from the National Constitution Center and attracting an audience exceeding 67 million viewers, this analysis delves into the backdrop of the emergence of Trumpian rhetoric, the crystallized existential concerns and insecurities of American voters. In particular, the design of this research, based on a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of Donald Trump's political discourse, revealed that his language communication is characterized by a series of crisis narratives and a distinct "Us vs. Them" mentality, suggesting a nuanced perspective on the relationship between political narratives, threat, and fear. This article also delineates different modes of ontological security theory and demonstrates how Trump perpetuates and radicalizes a populist-nationalist electoral environment. In contrast, Kamala Harris's narrative approach seeks to foster unity and mutual respect and bring to the spotlight the real issues that torment the US. Accordingly, by focusing on how Donald Trump discursively promotes a strong conflictual ideological identity, a crucial question arises: How do his narratives influence the fearfulness and perceptions of American voters? The initial findings reveal that voters who make a significant effort to uphold established political narratives often feel a high level of insecurity, which Trumpism imperatives skillfully manipulate. Particularly, it appears that "Trump-speak" (Homolar & Scholz, 2019) effectively stoked broad hostility towards Kamala Harris by depicting her as both vulnerable and perilous. Simultaneously, the story-discussion between Donald Trump and Kamala Harris unfolds in the paradoxical context of an evolving hero-Trumpian narrative, which tends to incite an ontological "insurrection" among Trump's supporters.
Precision Agriculture System with IoT: An Approach to Increase Production and Efficiency
Authors: Irianto Kurniawan D. , Rif’an Mochammad
Published: October 2024

The introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in the agricultural sector has significantly increased efficiency and productivity. This study examines the application of IoT in an autonomous irrigation system based on soil temperature and moisture sensors, utilizing NodeMCU ESP8266 and ESP32 as the primary microcontrollers. To extend communication range, the NRF24L01 module is used as a wireless solution, enabling data transmission from various sensor nodes over a wide area. Farmers can monitor and control the irrigation system remotely via the Blynk application. Testing shows that crops managed with the IoT system maintain more consistent soil and air conditions, along with more efficient temperature and moisture control. The integration of IoT and NRF24L01 in this precision agriculture system helps improve water and energy efficiency while supporting sustainability initiatives in facing climate change challenges and increasing global food demand.
Lizzy – Building an AI-powered domestic abuse risk assessment tool based on nationally representative online survey data
Authors: Trafford Lucy , Le Ba Linh , Firtala Sabina , Williams Babatunde
Published: October 2024

This research aims to develop a novel domestic abuse risk assessment tool, called Lizzy, for predicting the victimisation of German female victims of physical intimate partner violence (IPV). Our approach includes actuarial and machine learning techniques based on data from a longitudinal online anonymous survey with a nationally representative sample of 3,878 respondents (July to November 2023). Four algorithms were employed: CatBoost, XGBoost, Logistic Regression, and Random Forest. Logistic regression performed best with an accuracy of 0.80 and AUC of 0.85. We find that both non-physical and physical predictors contribute to the performance of the models.
Discussion of Košťák et al. (2021), Fossil evidence for vampire squid inhabiting oxygen-depleted ocean zones since at least the Oligocene.
Authors: Smith Ru
Published: October 2024

Košťák et al. (2021) is important in presenting the first known Cenozoic fossil of a vampyromorph. Some modifications to the interpretations are needed, however. The first concerns inferring water depth habitat of non-benthic animals from fossils found in deep water sediments. The second concerns the water depth estimates for the La Voulte-sur-Rhône exceptionally preserved biota (La Voulte EPB), and the third, the implications for the model of post-Jurassic migration of Loligosepiids into deep water oxygen-depleted environments.
Preference centrality, but not set similarity, predicts choices between sets
Authors: Fernandez Kianté , Karmarkar Uma R. , Krajbich Ian
Published: October 2024

Before selecting individual items, how do people choose between menus of items? Comparing sets is complex and may depend on their internal cohesion. Indeed, leading theories predict that people prefer sets with similar items. We test this with a computational approach that leverages network science to measure a novel form of similarity specific to economic choice. This “preference similarity” is defined as the strength of associations between items derived from correlations in their liking ratings. We find little evidence that people prefer sets with items that are similar to others in the set. Instead, we find that people prefer sets containing individual items that are highly central, i.e., items which generally have stronger associations with other items. Overall, we validate a quantitative tool for measuring similarity and show that while people prefer sets with items that are similar to many other items, they don’t prefer more similar sets.
Conjugate Bayesian Analysis of the Wald Model: On an Exact Drift-Rate Posterior
Authors: Meyer-Grant Constantin Gregor
Published: October 2024

In cognitive psychology, simple response times are often modeled as the time required by a one-dimensional Wiener process with drift to first reach a given threshold. This stochastic process's first-passage time follows a Wald distribution, which is a specific parameterization of the inverse-Gaussian distribution. It can be shown that the Gaussian-Gamma distribution is a conjugate prior with respect to an inverse-Gaussian likelihood, albeit under a parameterization different from that of the Wald distribution. This leads to a posterior distribution that does not directly correspond to the core parameters of the Wiener process; that is, the drift-rate and the threshold parameter. While the marginal threshold posterior under a Gaussian-Gamma prior is relatively easy to derive and turns out to be a known distribution, this is not the case for the marginal drift-rate posterior. The present work addresses this issue by providing the exact marginal posterior distributions of the drift-rate parameter under a Gaussian-Gamma prior—something that has not yet been done in the literature. Unfortunately, the probability density function of this distribution cannot be expressed in terms of elementary functions. Thus, different methods of approximation are discussed as an expedient for time-critical applications.
Handicraft Industry in Asia
Authors: Upadhyay Kiran Dutta
Published: October 2024

Not Available.
دور البنك المركزي العراقي في تعزيز التحول الرقمي واستخدام التكنولوجيا المالية في العراق للمدة 2017-2023
Authors: مصطفى محمد إبراهيم  , صهيب عبيد عيسى
Published: October 2024

من اجل تعزيز الدور الريادي الذي يؤديه البنك المركزي العراقي في قيادة عملية الشمول المالي وتطوير البنى التحتية المصرفية وانظمة المدفوعات الالكترونية لابد من وضع منهجيات متطورة تسهم في السير نحو تحقيق التحول الرقمي في البنك المركزي العراقي والقطاع المصرفي ومن خلال التحول التدريجي لاعتماد الرقمنة وتبني المفاهيم ذات البعد التقني المبني على الحوكمة الالكترونية بما ينظم العمل وادارة المهام والوظائف والفعاليات بجودة وكفاءة وسرعة من خلال استخدام مؤشرات التكنولوجيا المالية المتقدمة اي الرقمية ، إذ تمثلت مشكلة البحث ماهو دور البنك المركزي العراقي في تحول القطاع المصرفي والمؤسسات المالية غير المصرفية نحو الاقتصاد الرقمي؟ ، اما هدف البحث اتضح من خلال الاسهام البنك المركزي العراقي في التحول الرقمي والتكنولوجيا المالية، اما فرضية البحث انطلقت هل يوجد علاقة بين التحول الرقمي والتكنولوجيا المالية الرقمية في القطاع المصرفي العراقي، وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات وكان ابرزها ان مؤشرات التحول الرقمي في العراق ضعيفة مما اثر على مواكبة التطورات في مؤشرات التكنولوجيا المالية في العراق، وان ابرز التوصيات كانت ضرورة العمل من قبل البنك المركزي العراقي باتجاهات اوسع نحو التحول الرقمي من خلال سياسة التشديد على القطاع المصرفي وغير المصرفي.
Foucault y la arqueología filosófica de Kant
Authors: Pérez Guido Héctor
Published: October 2024

Resumen. Pérez Guido, Héctor. Foucault y la arqueología filosófica de Kant. En el presente trabajo busco demostrar que Michel Foucault intenta construir una arqueología filosófica como vía de acceso a la historia desde el ámbito de la libertad. Para ello presentaré el desarrollo del pensamiento de este filósofo sobre las posibilidades de hacer historia hasta llegar al punto en el que la arqueología se ve necesitada del trabajo conjunto con la genealogía. Asimismo, veremos que, juntas, arqueología y genealogía, son pensadas por Foucault en tanto una manera de continuar con la vía crítica de la filosofía a la que el propio Immanuel Kant se refiere en la “Historia de la razón pura”, en el seno de la Crítica de la razón pura. Además, abordaré cómo esa vía crítica se orienta también por principios prácticos, según lo estipula la arqueología filosófica que Kant define en un fragmento escrito entre 1793 y 1795.
The European Perspective on Technology Development for Advanced USC Steam Power Plants
Authors: Blum Rudolph , Bugge Jørgen
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the ongoing significance of pulverized coal-fired steam plants in global power generation, focusing on technological advancements and strategies for improving efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions. It traces the development of Ultra-Supercritical (USC) plants with steam temperatures around 600°C and explores immediate opportunities for further efficiency enhancements, including the innovative Master Cycle. The potential for increasing steam temperatures to 650°C using new steels and to 700°C with nickel-based AD 700 technology is discussed. The paper outlines a comprehensive strategy for CO2 emission reduction: maximizing plant efficiency, co-firing with CO2-neutral fuels, and integrating with district heating/cooling or industrial heat consumers. Carbon capture and storage techniques are presented as a final step in this multi-faceted approach to sustainable power generation.
Advanced USC Technology Development in Japan
Authors: Fukuda Masafumi , Saito Eiji , Tanaka Yoshinori , Takahashi Takeo , Nakamura Shinji , Iwasaki Jun , Takano Shinichi , Izumi Sakae
Published: October 2024

The “Cool Earth-Innovative Energy Technology Program,” launched by the Japanese government in March 2008, aims to significantly reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. Among the 21 selected technologies is the Advanced Ultra Super Critical (A-USC) pressure power generation, which targets the commercialization of a 700°C class pulverized coal power system with a power generation efficiency of 46% by around 2015. As of 2004, Japan's pulverized coal power plant capacity reached 35 GW, with the latest plants achieving a steam temperature of 600°C and a net thermal efficiency of approximately 42% (HHV). Older plants from the 1970s and early 1980s, with steam temperatures of 538°C or 566°C, are nearing the need for refurbishment or rebuilding. A case study on retrofitting these older plants with A-USC technology, which uses a 700°C class steam temperature, demonstrated that this technology is suitable for such upgrades and can reduce CO2 emissions by about 15%. Following this study, a large-scale development of A-USC technology began in August 2008, focusing on developing 700°C class boiler, turbine, and valve technologies, including high-temperature material technology. Candidate materials for boilers and turbine rotor and casing materials are being developed and tested. Two years into the project, useful test results regarding these candidate materials have been obtained, contributing to the advancement of A-USC technology.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of a Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel for Advanced Fossil Power Plant Applications
Authors: Gandy D. , Shindledecker J.P , Maziasz P.J. , Maurer G. , Magee J.
Published: October 2024

Advanced Ultra-supercritical (A-USC) steam power-plant technology is being developed for better efficiency and lower emissions at 700°C and above, but is based mainly on Ni-based alloys. The ability to include lower-cost alloys with appropriate high-temperature performance should have substantial technological and economic benefits. CF8C-Plus is a cast austenitic stainless steel recently developed for other applications at 600-900°C, which has creep-strength comparable to many solid-solution Ni-based alloys. EPRI and Carpenter Technology produced a 400 lb heat of CF8C-Plus steel and hot-forged it at 5:1 and 12:1 reductions, to assess feasibility of the alloy as a wrought advanced stainless steel for potential use as steam headers and piping for A-USC power plant applications. The hot-forged alloy has a recrystallized grain structure 6-9 times finer than the as-cast dendritic structure, resulting in better strength and impact resistance at room-temperature, and about 20% higher yield-strength (YS) at 760°C, and similar or better ductility compared to the as-cast material. The initial creep-rupture testing at 700-800°C for up to 2000h also indicates similar or better rupture resistance and better creep-ductility for wrought compared to cast material. The next steps needed to test performance of the wrought austenitic stainless steel for extruded headers and piping are discussed.
Creep Rupture Properties of HR6W for Advanced-USC Boilers
Authors: Saito Nobuhiko , Komai Nobuyoshi
Published: October 2024

HR6W (23Cr-44Ni-7W) is a candidate material for application in the maximum temperature locations of A-USC boilers. In this study the creep rupture properties of plastic deformed, notched, and weldment materials were investigated in comparison with those of solution treated material, in order to clarify the capability of HR6W as a material for A-USC plant application. The deterioration of long term creep rupture strength has been reported with respect to metastable authentic stainless steel due to cold working. However the creep strength of the 20% pre-strained HR6W increased. HR6W creep strength showed notch strengthening behavior. The creep ruptured strength of the GTAW joints was nearly the same as that of the solution treated material, and all specimens fractured within the base metal. The creep ductility of the solution treated materials decreased under low stress conditions. The intergranular fracture is considered to be caused of ductility drop. This tendency is the same as for austenitic stainless steel. The potential of HR6W as a material for A-USC was revealed from the standpoint of creep rupture properties.
Analog Simulation and Fault Simulation for Failure Analysis of Analog Circuits
Authors: Melis Tommaso
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “Analog Simulation and Fault Simulation for Failure Analysis of Analog Circuits.”
LADA and SDL—Powerful Techniques for Marginal Failures (2024 Update)
Authors: Bodoh Dan
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “LADA and SDL—Powerful Techniques for Marginal Failures (2024 Update).”
Laser Probing
Authors: Ravikumar Venkat
Published: October 2024

Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2024 Tutorial session “Laser Probing.”
فتغنشتاين والسلوكية المنطقية
Authors: بهلول رجا
Published: October 2024

يعتقد بعض الباحثين أن فتغنشتاين كان من أنصار السلوكية المنطقية، بل إنهم يرونه مؤسسًا لهذا الاتجاه الفكري، بينما يخالفهم آخرون في هذا الرأي. رغم ذلك، يتفق الجميع على أن آراء فتغنشتاين حول السلوكية تفسح المجال لتفسيرات مختلفة. يبدأ البحث بمحاولة لتحديد موقع فتغنشتاين التاريخي خلال فترة تبلور السلوكية في علم النفس والوضعية المنطقية في الفلسفة في الثلث الأول من القرن العشرين. كما يناقش البحث أطروحات السلوكية المنطقية، ويعرض الاعتبارات التي تدعم وتعارض اعتبار فتغنشتاين سلوكيًا.

لا يتبنى البحث رأيًا قاطعًا بشأن موقف فتغنشتاين من السلوكية، لكنه يرجح أنه كان سلوكيًا قلقًا، أي أنه كان يدرك صعوبات السلوكية. يختتم البحث بمقترح يوفق بين آراء أنصار السلوكية وخصومها، بما يستجيب لإدراك فتغنشتاين لتلك الصعوبات، ويحافظ أيضًا على جوهر الموقف السلوكي الذي لم يكن بإمكانه إنكاره تمامًا.
فتغنشتاين مدرسا: الخلفية البيداغوجية لفلسفة
فتغنشتاين األنثروبولوجية
Authors: دية اسلام
Published: October 2024

تتناول هذه الدراسة تأثير الفترة التي عمل فيها لودفيغ فتغنشتاين مدرسًا للأطفال في ريف جنوب النمسا (1920-1926) على تحوّلاته الفكرية اللاحقة. غالبًا ما يتم إغفال هذه الفترة، حيث يُعتبر أن عمله الفلسفي الرئيسي الذي نشره أثناء حياته هو "رسالة منطقية فلسفية" عام 1921. ومع ذلك، تشير الدراسة إلى أن تجربة فتغنشتاين كمدرّس ربما كانت مفتاحًا لفهم انعطافه من الوضعية المنطقية نحو فلسفة تتمحور حول الممارسة والاستخدام والعادات. يُلاحظ أن أعماله المتأخرة، مثل "تحقيقات فلسفية" و*"اليقين"،* مليئة بالأمثلة المتعلقة بعمليات التعليم والتعلم، مما يبرز أهمية هذه التجربة في تكوين فلسفته الأنثروبولوجية.
النظر في الدين مع فتغنشتاين
Authors: الأسد طلال
Published: October 2024

تستند هذه الدراسة إلى فلسفة لودفيغ فتغنشتاين لاستكشاف بعض جوانب الدين، وخاصة العلاقة المتداخلة بين الاعتقاد والممارسة. تهدف الدراسة إلى إعادة تأطير هذه العلاقة على أنها عمليتان مترابطتان تمثلان الكينونة والتعلم. كما تحاول معالجة مسألة الإقناع في الإيمان، وخاصة الإيمان بالله وبوجود "عالم آخر". تُطبَّق أفكار فتغنشتاين على الخلافات في الخطاب الإسلامي حول تفسير صفات الله المتعارضة ظاهريًا. في النهاية، تتناول الدراسة مفهوم "الرغبة في التعميم" لدى فتغنشتاين، ودور التجريد في تعزيز القوة الدافعة للنظام العلماني الرأسمالي.
مراجعة كتاب
فتجنشتاين و»في اليقين«
Authors: محمود مروان
Published: October 2024

العنوان: اليقين عند فتغنشتاين
المؤلف: آندي هاميلتون (Andy Hamilton)
المترجم: مصطفى سمير عبد الرحيم
الناشر: بيروت: دار الروافد الثقافية – ناشرون؛ الجزائر: ابن النديم للنشر والتوزيع
تاريخ النشر: 2019
عدد الصفحات: 479 صفحة
نظرية الصورة لدى فتغنشتاين:
في ما يمكن أن يقال
Authors: عايق موريس
Published: October 2024

تتناول هذه الدراسة نظرية الصورة لدى لودفيغ فتغنشتاين كما وردت في كتابه "رسالة فلسفية – منطقية"، حيث يقدم إطارًا يربط اللغة بالعالم، مما يمكّن اللغة من وصف الواقع. تستعرض الدراسة الاعتراضات على الفرضيات الأساسية لنظرية الصورة، بما في ذلك علاقة الإحالة بين الاسم والشيء المحال إليه، ومبدأ التحقيق. كما تناقش التمييز بين ما يمكن قوله وما يمكن الإشارة إليه، بوصفه الإسهام الرئيسي للرسالة، وتبين استمرارية هذا التمييز في أعماله اللاحقة "بحوث فلسفية."

تحاول الدراسة الربط بين هذا التمييز والتصورات المختلفة لمفهوم الحقيقة (كالتوافق أو الاتساق)، وتقدّم ملاحظة حول الأنماط المختلفة للكلام. كما تعيد النظر في نظرية الصورة وتعيد الاعتبار لفكرة الحقيقة كتوافق، بوصفها فكرة محورية مرتبطة بنمط معين من اللغة، وهو اللغة العلمية.
Clinical and morphological analysis of splenic neoplasms
Authors: Marunchyn Andriy , Kovalova Anastasiia , Marcin Palys , Tereshchenko Kateryna , Honcharenko Mark
Published: October 2024

The relevance of this study arises from the pressing need for a deeper investigation into the morphological aspects of identifying focal and localised lesions in the spleen. The spleen performs several vital functions, including immune, haematological, storage, metabolic, haemostatic, hormonal, and antiblastic roles, among others. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of splenic tumour lesions and their structural changes, as well as to identify the macroscopic appearance of the organ post-splenectomy. In diagnosing splenic diseases, a key instrumental method was employed – ultrasound examination with Doppler imaging – which enabled comprehensive investigation, analysis, and characterisation of parenchymal pathologies. Animals underwent clinical examinations during routine health checks or upon presentation of symptoms. When a splenic neoplasm was detected, surgical treatment was carried out, specifically through an open laparotomy and splenectomy. The surgery was performed under combined general anaesthesia (using both non-inhalational and inhalational anaesthetics). The intraoperatively collected material from the affected organ was subjected to histological examination. It was found that the pathomorphosis of splenic lesions varies, and the author's pathological and histological studies highlight the key morphological characteristics of the neoplasms. Accordingly, any splenic neoplasm can pose a life-threatening condition for several reasons: organ rupture and haemorrhage, organ torsion, and malignancy, among others. The findings are crucial for verifying splenic pathology, enabling the establishment of a definitive clinical diagnosis, facilitating treatment of the animal, and extending its lifespan. The practical significance of the results lies in identifying the need for comprehensive clinical and morphological investigations in diagnosing splenic diseases, as well as examining histological preparations for cellular and tissue changes. In veterinary medicine, the method of surgical treatment for splenic lesions in animals may be a subject of debate. In contrast, in human medicine, established protocols exist for performing organ-destructive operations such as splenectomy (by open or laparoscopic approach), organ-preserving procedures like splenic resection or splenectomy with autotransplantation of splenic tissue into the greater omentum (by open or laparoscopic approach), and percutaneous punctures for splenic cysts
Key aspects of biosafety in modern animal husbandry
Authors: Verzhykhovsky Oleksandr , Nedosekov Vitaliy
Published: October 2024

The relevance of this research is driven by the need to enhance biosecurity in animal husbandry to improve the health and productivity of livestock, as well as to safeguard human health. Biosecurity is a critical component that prevents the spread of infectious diseases, mitigates the risks of epidemics, reduces treatment costs, and increases productivity and economic efficiency within agricultural enterprises. In this regard, this study aimed to reveal the role of biosafety in preventive veterinary medicine. The leading approach to investigating this issue involved analysing existing practices and methods, which allows for a comprehensive examination of various aspects of biosecurity. The conducted analysis substantiated that preventive veterinary medicine is founded on the principle of disease prevention through risk reduction and the implementation of healthy practices. It has been established that this approach encompasses not only the treatment of sick animals but also the provision of advice to farmers on enhancing the health and productivity of their livestock. It has been established that biosecurity also helps prevent the emergence and spread of infectious diseases, reducing the need for antimicrobial drugs and lowering the risk of antimicrobial resistance. The research highlighted that in today’s rapidly changing world, biosecurity is becoming even more important due to population growth, urbanisation, climate change, and human health threats such as antimicrobial resistance. The concept of “One Health” is encompassed, emphasising the close connection and interdependence among the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the environment. The core principles of biosecurity included segregation, cleaning and disinfection, and considering the behaviour and attitudes of people working with animals. The material presented in this article is of practical value to veterinarians, farmers, and livestock farms, assisting them in developing and implementing effective biosecurity plans adapted to changing conditions, thereby contributing to reducing the risks of infectious diseases and improving livestock productivity
Elaboración de artículos científicos en Ciencias de la Educación
Authors: Valverde Batista Reyes Arturo
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La necesidad que tienen las universidades panameñas de producir artículos científicos, bajo el contexto de las mediciones internacionales de diferentes rankings, conlleva a instruirse en procesos de capacitación intensos que mejoren la calidad. Metodología: Implica la prueba T de muestras emparejadas con el uso del software SPSS, considerando la información obtenida con un cuestionario con preguntas dicotómicas y politómicas como parte del diagnóstico previo al desarrollo del seminario. Durante el seminario se procedió a recopilar a través de una hoja de cálculo de Excel, las estadísticas de la generación y mejora de cada parte de un artículo (introducción, marco teórico, métodos y materiales, etc.) y con ello contrastar los resultados con el requerimiento inicial solicitado, como un antes y un después. Resultados:  la capacitación se hace efectiva en 4 de 5 partes de la elaboración de un artículo científico. Discusión: Se rechaza la hipótesis nula al evidenciar las diferencias de las medias al medir las partes de un artículo como la introducción, el marco teórico, la metodología y materiales, los resultados y la discusión; pero no así al momento de someter en los dos momentos al resumen. Conclusión: Se puede afirmar que la debida capacitación en materia de artículos científicos consigue una producción publicable de alta calidad que beneficia a las universidades.
Certeza, saber e verdade na práxis de Freud e a orientação para o real formalizada por Lacan
Authors: Pacheco Filho Raul Albino
Published: October 2024

Algumas homologias aproximam Freud de Descartes no que diz respeito à dúvida como via na busca do saber: a dúvida metódica cartesiana e o método da associação livre e interpretação pressupõem, ambos, a destituição do eu como fonte segura e isenta de alienações e equívocos. A partir daí, ambos extraem sua certeza: a existência da res cogitans, no caso de Descartes, e o inconsciente, no caso de Freud. Os dois operam cortes no saber e criam campos anteriormente inexistentes: a ciência moderna e a psicanálise. Mas existem também as dissimetrias, mostra Lacan no Seminário 11. Se o real em Descartes está na báscula do “eu penso” para o “eu existo”, a busca do verdadeiro o leva a recorrer à res infinita: Deus. Já em Freud, a certeza advém da persistência da dúvida, e não de sua eliminação. Há nele um amor pela verdade e uma paixão pelo significante que às vezes o posicionam como mestre da verdade do inconsciente de seus analisantes. Mas, ao não se furtar às decepções com os erros, os tropeços em sua práxis sempre o confrontam com o real: a falta a que o sujeito não pode se furtar. Pretendo refletir sobre como, ao não buscar a garantia de um Grande Outro e não esmorecer em sua busca, Freud resguardou a impotência da verdade no campo da psicanálise. A partir disso, Lacan definiu o real como núcleo de certeza a que todas as ficções remetem sem esgotar e formalizou a disjunção entre saber e verdade. É por isso que, no discurso do analista, esse se sustenta no lugar dominante como semblante de objeto causa do desejo e aloca o saber no lugar da verdade.
estranho que nos habita
Authors: Barros Elynes
Published: October 2024

Seguindo os passos de Freud, a autora busca cernir a partir de obras literárias e do seu próprio testemunho de passe, o conceito de Estranho. De acordo com Freud, o estranho é algo que antes foi familiar e tornou-se estranho devido a incidência do recalque. A inquietante estranheza surgiria da separação entre o sujeito e o Outro. Para Lacan, essa separação se traduz como gozo, tentativa de reintegrar algo que foi perdido. Ao logo de seu ensino Lacan dá outros nomes para essa coisa que nos é íntima, mas que não reconhecemos como nossa: “A Coisa”; “objeto a”, causa do desejo. A pergunta que esse texto tenta responder é, como passar da queixa sobre o gozo do Outro para localização e redução desse gozo como marca do sujeito e de sua inefável ex-sistência?
SES EĞİTİMİNDE YÜZ VE BOYUN KASLARININ GEVŞETİLMESİNE İLİŞKİN ÖĞRENCİ YAKLAŞIMLARI
Authors: Ertek Babaç Ezgi
Published: October 2024

Sesin, rahat üretilebilmesinde ve doğal duyulabilmesinde hem zihinsel hem fiziksel gevşeme önemli rol oynamaktadır. Şarkı söylemede önemli yer tutan organların çoğunun yüz bölgesinde toplandığı düşünüldüğünde gövdeyi yüze bağlayan boynun ve özellikle yüz kaslarının rahatlatılmasının önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, ses eğitiminde yüz ve boyun kaslarının gevşetilmesine dikkat çekmek ve ses eğitimi dersini alan müzik eğitimi öğrencilerinin yüz ve boyun kaslarını gevşetmeleri konusundaki yaklaşımlarını öğrenmektir. Bu araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim (fenomenoloji) modeli kapsamında amaçlı örneklemin bir alt dalı olan ölçüt (kriter) örnekleme türü ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Müzik Eğitimi Ana Bilim Dalında birinci sınıfta öğrenim gören ve ses eğitimi dersini alan 16 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış “Ses Eğitiminde Yüz ve Boyun Kaslarının Gevşetilmesine İlişkin Görüşme Formu” aracılığıyla öğrenciler ile yüz yüze görüşme yapılarak elde edilmiş ve MAXQDA 2024 analiz programı aracılığıyla tema ve kodlar oluşturularak analiz edilmiştir. Ses eğitimi öğrencilerinin kullandıkları ifadeler doğrultusunda “gevşeme ihtiyacı duyulan bölgelere ilişkin yaklaşımlar (bedende gevşeme ihtiyacı duyulan bölgeler ve yüzde gevşeme ihtiyacı duyulan bölgeler)” ve “yüz ve boyun kaslarının gevşemesine ilişkin yaklaşımlar (gevşemenin gereklilik nedenleri, gevşemede izlenen süreç ve gevşemenin sağladığı deneyimler)” olmak üzere yaklaşımlarını belirttikleri sonucuna varılmıştır.
Symmetrical diynylic N-arylcarbamate molecules with different numbers of CH2 groups in spacers
Authors: Alekseev A. S. , Vyaz’min S. Yu. , Ivanov A. B. , Klechkovskaya V. V. , Lukasov M. S.
Published: October 2024

The photopolymerization of Langmuir-Schaefer films of diacetylene N-arylcarbamate symmetrical molecules containing different numbers of methylene groups in the molecules was studied. The result of diyne films UV irradiation was the effective transition of the films into the stable state of blue phase polydiacetylene. The number of CH2 groups in the molecules affected the efficiency of the monomers film transition into the polymer and the conjugation length of the polymer chains. Studying the morphology of the films using scanning electron microscopy showed the horizontal position of diyne molecules on the substrates in the state of domains, the sizes of which depended on the number of CH2 groups in the molecules.