bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overview of Cooperative Communication Methods
Authors: Marczak Andrzej
Published: December 2017

The paper presents issues related to the cooperative communication in wireless networks. Cooperative communication involves the use of mobile terminals as relay stations to improve the transmission quality, improve network performance and reduce energy consumption. It is also possible to use several different data transmission standards. The paper presents the methods used to implement cooperative communication. The types of cooperative communication networks are also presented.
SUMO proteases as potential targets for cancer therapy
Authors: Bialik Piotr , Woźniak Katarzyna
Published: December 2017

Sumoylation is one of the post-translational modifications of proteins, responsible for the regulation of many cellular processes, such as DNA replication and repair, transcription, signal transduction and nuclear transport. During sumoylation, SUMO proteins are covalently attached to the ε-amino group of lysine in target proteins via an enzymatic cascade that requires the sequential action of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes. An important aspect of sumoylation is its reversibility, which involves SUMO-specific proteases called SENPs. SENPs (sentrin/SUMO-specific proteases) catalyze the deconjugation of SUMO proteins using their isopeptidase activity. These enzymes participate through hydrolase activity in the reaction of SUMO protein maturation, which involves the removal of a short fragment on the C-terminus of SUMO inactive form and exposure two glycine residues. SENPs are important for maintaining the balance between sumoylated and desumoylated proteins required for normal cellular physiology. Six SENP isoforms (SENP1, SENP2, SENP3, SENP5, SENP6 and SENP7) have been identified in mammals. These SENPs can be divided into three subfamilies based on their sequence homology, substrate specificity and subcellular localization. Results of studies indicate the role of SUMO proteases in the development of human diseases including cancer, suggesting that these proteins may be attractive targets for new drugs.
Complétude institutionnelle et sécurité linguistique dans le monde sinophone : les Hakka à Hong Kong et à Taïwan
Authors: Dupré Jean-François
Published: December 2017

Ce texte vise à souligner la pertinence de la notion de complétude institutionnelle en tant qu’outil conceptuel et théorique en l’appliquant à un contexte peu étudié : celui de la sécurité culturelle des minorités linguistiques han dans la grande région sinophone. En se penchant sur la minorité hakka à Hong Kong et à Taïwan, il vise notamment à exemplifier comment des paysages institutionnels propres à ces deux endroits ont contribué à créer ou à remodeler certaines catégories identitaires, à politiser ou à dépolitiser celles-ci, ainsi qu’à déplacer des perceptions de sécurité et d’insécurité culturelles vers différentes catégories identitaires et institutionnelles. À Hong Kong, les mouvements nativistes ont de plus en plus tendance à conceptualiser les Hongkongais comme une minorité nationale en quête d’autonomie et mettent l’accent sur le renforcement de leur langue – le cantonais – aux dépens du hakka. Pour leur part, à Taïwan, les militants de la langue ont intériorisé l’indépendance de l’État taïwanais, dont le territoire est toujours revendiqué par la Chine, et font la promotion de son caractère multiethnique et multilingue. Ces militants reconnaissent même la complétude institutionnelle des minorités, sans la nommer pour autant, comme une solution au problème du transfert linguistique vers le mandarin, notamment chez les Hakka et les peuples autochtones. Ce texte expose ces processus en analysant les diverses conceptualisations, pratiques et politiques de la complétude institutionnelle dans la grande région sinophone, et tente d’en tirer des leçons généralisables à des contextes linguistiques et institutionnels différents.
Characteristics of Common Bean Mutant Lines and Cultivars Grown under Rainfed and Irrigated Conditions
Authors: Krastev Vladimir , Dimova Dotchka , Svetleva Diana , Pereira Graca , Kouzmova Kalinka , Andonova Mariana
Published: December 2017

The experiments were conducted in the field of Agricultural University in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. A standard method was applied for cultivation in 5 replicates. Biometric evaluation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), 10 mutant lines and 10 varieties, grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions was conducted. Main traits, associated with productivity in common bean: plant height, mass of plants with pods, number of branches, height of the first pod, number of fruit branches, number of pods per plant, weight of pods with seeds, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds and average length per 10 pods were characterised. Stronger degree of variation in studied traits was observed in genotypes grown under irrigated conditions. It was found that the studied Bulgarian varieties are promising in terms of germoplasm for their introduction in hybridisation breeding schemes as well as in application of mutagenesis and biotechnological practices. D2-0,0125 M EMS  mutant line (6) has the best manifestation of the studied traits among other mutant lines and it may be included in breeding schemes for evaluation as a new cultivar. BAT 477 cultivar (20) differs significantly by its traits from other genotypes, irrespective of the cultivation mode.
Energy and Nutritional Value of Raw Grains of Domestic Bean Varieties
Authors: Hadžić Azra , Ćota Josip , Sarić Edita , Hodžić Irzada , Salman Nevzeta , Ćota Jelena
Published: December 2017

Beans are food with high nutritional value. In the history of human diet beans are found in use very early, and availability throughout the year enables its wide application. In Bosnia and Herzegovina beans are common ingredients which are an integral part of a meal, especially during the winter. The aim of this paper is to give contribution to the selection of local varieties of beans by highlighting energy and nutritional value of raw grains. The tests in this study included three local varieties of beans, namely Bosna, Darko and Igman in order to assess the levels of carbohydrate, protein and fat (energy content) and the content of minerals (copper, iron, phosphorus, manganese and magnesium). Test results indicate that content of dry matter and water is not conditioned by varietal differences, but the total fat content varies from 0.84% (Bosna) to 1.73% (Darko), and total sugar of 2.4% (Bosna) to 3.36% (Darko and Igman). Protein content compared to the dry matter ranged from 21.18% (Darko) to 25.28% in Bosna. Starch content ranged from 65.78% (Igman) to 67.04% (Bosna). The tested varieties of beans contained significant amounts of trace elements, thus in 100g raw grains there is: up to 69.7% of magnesium, up to 59.2% of phosphorus, up to 79.8% of manganese, up to 42.2% iron  and up to 64,1% copper of the RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances - the total daily needs).
The Content of Non-essential Amino Acids in the Grains of Winter and Spring Varieties of Oats (Avena sativa L.) under the Conditions of Central Southern Bulgaria
Authors: Georgieva T. , Zorovski P.
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this survey is to study the content of non-essential amino acids in four winter (Dunav 1, Ruse 8, Resor 1, Line M-K) and five spring (Obraztsov chiflik 4, Mina, HiFi, Novosadski golozarnest and Prista 2) cultivars of oats grown in Central Southern Bulgaria within the period from 2007 to 2009. The tested cultivars have different contents of non-essential amino acids. Dunav 1 has the highest quantity of glicine (5.12 g/100 g protein) of all the winter cultivars, Ruse 8 has the highest quantity of alanine (5.69 g/100 g protein) and Resor 1 – the highest quantity of arginine (6.14 g/100 g protein). Generally speaking, the spring cultivars have a larger quantity of glutamic acid (from 25.86 to 26.07 g/100 g protein) and proline (from 6.15 to 8.21 g/100 g protein) but a smaller quantity of glycine (from 4.68 to 4.99 g/100 g protein) compared to the winter cultivars. The naked cultivar Mina has the highest quantity of cystine (2.14 g/100 g protein), cultivar Prista 2 has the highest quantity of proline (8.21 g/100 g protein) and glutamic acid (26.07 g/100g protein) and HiFi ranks first in terms of aspartic acid (9.05 g/100 g protein), serine (5.02 g/100 g protein) and tyrosine (2.09 g/100 g protein). In the study we have also established certain relations between non-essential amino acids.
Susceptibility of Sweet Cherry Cultivars to Rain Induced Fruit Cracking in the Region of Sarajevo
Authors: Stojanović Mirjana , Milatović Dragan , Kulina Mirko , Alić – Džanović Zlatka
Published: December 2017

Susceptibility of 5 sweet cherry cultivars, grafted on Gisela 5, to rain induced fruit cracking was studied in the region of Sarajevo, during a two – year period (2010 – 2011). Testing of fruit cracking was done using index by Christensen. During the testing period, significant differences in susceptibility to fruit cracking among both the cultivars and the years of testing were found. All the cultivars had the highest fruit cracking index in 2010 year. The highest susceptibility to rain induced fruit cracking was evidenced in cultivar ‘Burlat’ during both years. Cultivars ‘Kordia’, ‘Regina’, ‘Karina’ and ‘Schneider's Spӓte Knorpelkirsche’ were moderately susceptible to fruit cracking.
Influence of Salinity of Water for Irrigation on NPK Nutrients Uptake in Greenhouse Traditional Cultivation of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)
Authors: Marković Sretenka , Marković Dimitrije , Čereković Nataša , Mihajlović Dijana
Published: December 2017

The NPK nutrients uptake in the production of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) irrigated with different water quality (fresh and saline water of 4 dS/m) has been analyzed in the experiment conducted in the greenhouse of Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari. The highest nitrogen (N) consumption was observed 10 weeks after transplantation, while the highest consumption of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) was recorded 12 and 8 weeks after transplantation, respectively. The highest concentration of N in vegetative part was obtained in cauliflower under saline water irrigation (3.5%), while in the fresh water treatment concentration of N was 3.2%. The phosphorus uptake was significantly affected under saline irrigation practice with respect to the fresh water being with total P uptake value corresponding to about 61% of the its uptake under the fresh water treatment. Irrigation with the salinity level of 4 dS/m resulted in significant increase in the accumulated salts in soil being with an electric conductivity (EC) value 17% greater than the one where fresh water was practiced. Evolution of chloride (Cl-) and its average values during the whole cropping period indicate that Cl- behaved in a manner identical to the one characterizing the EC parameter. This proves that Cl- concentration in the soil can be taken as a measure expressing the soil salinity.
Variability of Oil Content in Fruit of Olive Variety Žutica on Montenegrin Coast
Authors: Lazović Biljana , Adakalić Mirjana , Ljutica Stoja , Perović Tatjana , Čizmović Miroslav
Published: December 2017

Žutica, the major variety on Montenegrin Coast, belongs to the gro­­up of olive varieties for oil production, with oil content in average above 21%. During the research of the properties of Žutica variety, the existence of variability in the oil content was recorded. In order to determine the degree of the variability of oil content within this variety, the fruits of 42 accessions were analyzed. The results confirmed high content of oil as well as the existence of variability of this parameter between the studied accessions. Twenty two accessions had the content of oil of over 20%, while 13 accessions had the oil content greater than 22% in fresh matter. The highest oil content was in fruit of VAL2 (24.3%) and in dry matter in DUB (63.77%). The results suggest Žutica accessions (clones) with higher oil content promising for spread in the new plantations.
Trend of Increase or Desrease in Sheep Breeding in Separate Regions of Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Petrovska Biljana , Gacovski Zhivko , Cilev Goce , Petrovska Natasha , Zdraveski Igor
Published: December 2017

The national agricultural policy in R. Macedonia to encourage the development of agriculture is conducted to obtain more competitiveness in the market by subsidizing agriculture, including sheep breeding. Analysis of data from the State Statistical Office of R. Macedonia has shown that the subsidizing agriculture has increased in the period from 2005 to 2013, which contributes to the increase in exports. The subject of this research paper is to observe the number of sheep in the individual and business sectors in R. Macedonia by regions: Vardar, Eastern, Southwest, Southeast, Pelagonia, Polog, Northeast andSkopjeregion. The aim is to see whether this branch of husbandry registered an upward or downward trend in the period from 2009 to 2012. From the analysis it can be concluded that the decreasing trend is present, but the latest data for the period of 2013 show that the state of sheep breeding is much better.
Harmful Effect of Cherry Leaf Spot(Blumeriellajaapii)on Sour Cherry and Influence on Fruit Yield
Authors: Dimova Milena , Titjnov Miroslav , Arnaudov Veselin , Gandev Stephan
Published: December 2017

The experiment was carried out in 2007-2012 in a sour cherry orchard with three cultivars – ‘Oblachinska’, ‘Schattenmorelle’ and ‘Heiman Ruby’- established in the region of the town of Hisar. In 2007 the control of cherryleafspot(Blumeriellajaapii) was conducted at improper time and inaccurate rates. That induced leaf defoliation in August. In the next vegetation periods (2008-2012) the control of cherry leaf spot was carried out by applying fungicides at definite rates at the most critical time for the host-pathogen system. During the next years (2009-2012) the trees of ‘Oblachinska’ cultivar yielded normally – 1300 kg/dekar, while the trees of the other two cultivars started improving their health status and the yield gradually increased, reaching up to 1600 kg/dekar(da) for ‘Heiman Ruby’ and 1100 kg/da for ‘Schattenmorelle’.
Influence of Summer Temperatures on Milk Content and Technological Properties of Three Cow Breeds Kept Under Identical Conditions
Authors: Navrátil Stanislav , Falta Daniel , Müller Luboš , Chládek Gustav
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of summer temperatures on the milk content and technological properties for three different cow breeds. The experiment took place between June and August 2015. We observed 18 dairy cows, kept in identical conditions. We used cows of 3 breeds: Czech Fleckvieh (C), Holstein (H) and Ayrshire (A). Samples were taken weekly. The analyzed parameters were: total yield per observed period, milk content, density, active and titrable acidity, rennet coagulation time (RCT) and curd class quality. Average daily yield was 22.8 (A), 28.1 (H) and 24.4 (C) liters. All cows were at the same lactation (2nd). All breeds showed an increase (from 12.74% to 12.24%) in dry matter. Titrable acidity was significantly (P < 0.05) increasing and active acidity was decreasing for all three breeds. When it comes to technological properties Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein showed a decrease in RCT and curd quality, and Ayrshire showed an increase in both RCT and curd quality. This can point to the fact that, though these three breeds are different, some characteristics (dry matter, titrable and active acidity) of their production are affected by the high summer temperatures. RCT values indicate that Czech Fleckvieh is more adaptable to high temperatures.
Uporedne eksploatacione karakteristike nekih tipova mašina u spremanju sjenaže
Authors: Jugović Milan , Radivojević Dušan , Koprivica Ranko , Lalović Miroslav , Jakišić Tanja
Published: December 2017

U radu su dati rezultati ispitivanja dvije različite linije mašina u spremanju travne sjenaže i to: linija koju čini pogonski traktor IMT 540 sa samoutovarnom prikolicom sa noževima SIP Pionir 17 (sjenažiranje u horizontalni silo objekat) i traktor IMT 577 DV u agregatu sa rolbalerom sa fiksnom komorom Deutz – Fahr GP 2.50, i motalicom bala u rastegljive folije Sipma Z – 557,  (sjenažiranje u omotane bale). Ispitivanja su vršena u proizvodnim uslovima, na porodičnom poljoprivrednom gazdinstvu u mjestu Mokro (Republika Srpska), sa ciljem da se uporede eksploatacione karakteristike ispitivanih linija. Utvrđivani su slijedeći parametri: brzina kretanja agregata, učinak i zastupljenost pojedinih operacija. Za ocjenu efikasnosti pojedinih načina obavljanja radova, vršena je vremenska analiza (hronometrija) i ispitivanje pojedinih radnih zahvata kod sakupljanja provenute mase, analiza transporta, istovara i skladištenja sjenažne mase. Samoutovarna prikolica Pionir 17 u agregatu sa traktorom IMT 540 Deluxe, u proizvodnim uslovima rada ostvarila je brzinu od 1,73 km/h. Površinski učinak na bazi hronografije iznosio je 0,30 ha/h. Hronometrijom je utvrđeno da je najveći dio vremena utrošen na punjenje prikolice 46,67% , kao i u zastojima 25,05%. Presa za rol bale Deutz-Fahr GP 2.50 u agregatu sa traktorom IMT 577 DV ostvarila je brzinu od 1,62 km/h uz površinski učinak od 0,45 ha/h. Na osnovu hronografije najveći dio vremena utrošen je na proces presovanja tj. Punjenje komore prese biljnom masom I formiranje bale 77,23%, a najmanje vremena je utrošeno na proces vezivanja bale tj. 5,31% od ukupnog radnog vremena.
Značaj pčela u oprašivanju i povećanju prinosa starih sorti šljive i jabuke
Authors: Jaćimović Vučeta , Nedić Nebojša , Radović Marija , Božović Đina
Published: December 2017

Poljoprivrednici i pčelari žele da pčele što efikasnije opraše poljoprivredne kulture. U tu svrhu se posebno pripremaju pčelinja društva, jer oprašivanje većine kultura pada rano u sezoni, kada se u košnici ne nalazi obilje pčela radilica. Dosta voćnih vrsta ima ogroman značaj za pčele, za njihov rani razvoj društva u rano proljeće (lijeska, badem, drijen, džanarika...) i pripremu za glavnu pašu. U našim uslovima u oprašivanju voćaka medonosne pčele učestvuju sa preko 85 %, dok na sve ostale oprašivače otpada 14-15 %. Cilj ovog rada je da se izračuna razlika u % oprašenih, odnosno zametnutih plodova kod starih sorti šljive i jabuke, sa i bez prisustva pčela, te utvrdi uticaj na prinos obilježenih stabala ispitivanih sorti. U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati  dvogodišnjeg istraživanja (2010 i 2011. godine), uloge pčela u oprašivanju nekih starih sorti šljiva i jabuka u Gornjem Polimlju. Prije cvjetanja izbrojani su cvjetovi na granama koje su izolovane mrežom od tila i na granama gdje su pčele imale slobodan pristup. Nakon cvjetanja i oprašivanja izbrojani su plodovi na obilježenim granama. Kod sorte Komperuša procenat zametnutih plodova na neizolovanim granama bio je 84 %, a na izolovanim 37,87 %. Od ukupnog broja zametnutih plodova, kod sorte Crveni piskavac, pred berbu je ostalo 23,55 % na neizolovanim nasuprot 11,50 % na izolovanim granama, što ukazuje da je prinos za oko 50 % veći ako oprašivanje vrše pčele.
Efektivna veličina populacije buše i gatačkog govečeta: ekološki i molekularni pristup
Authors: Rogić Biljana , Važić Božo , Savić Mila , Savić Nebojša , Stamenković Radak Marina
Published: December 2017

Efektivna veličina populacije (Ne) je jedan od osnovnih parametara populacione genetike. Praćenje efektivne veličine populacije zajedno sa praćenjem genetičke varijabilnosti je veoma značajno za populaciono genetička istraživanja i ima veliku primjenu u uspostavljanju konzervacione strategije. U radu je izračunata Ne za populaciju buše sa dva lokaliteta (istočna i zapadna Hercegovina)  i populaciju gatačkog govečeta iz regije Hercegovina. Korišćene su dvije metode za računanje Ne i to: ekološka i molekularna metoda. Za ekološku metodu izračunavanja efektivne veličine populacije korišćen je broj mužjaka i ženki koje se pare. Ne prema molekularnim metodama je računata na osnovu varijacije broja ponovaka (SSMM), kao i na osnovu očekivane heterozigotnosti (IAM). Ekološka Ne je u odnosu na cenzus (N) u opsegu očekivanom za populacije goveda i kretala se od 7,5 do 18,5. Molekularna Ne prema IAM metodi se kretala od 3040 do 3947, a prema SSMM metodi se kretala od 28875 do 35196. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na značaj molekularnih metoda u ocjeni Ne kao parametra u konzervaciji autohtonih goveda.
Особине плодности и млечности санске козе у прве три лактације
Authors: Мекић Цвијан , Перишић Предраг , Новаковић Зоран , Петровић Милан П.
Published: December 2017

Истраживање је спроведено на козама санске расе у првој, другој и трећој лактацији. Контроле млечности спроведене су након одбијања јаради у интервалима од 30 дана. Плодност санских коза за три узастопна јарења просечно је износила 161,61%. Посматрано по лактацијама, тј. узрасту коза, највећа плодност је остварена код трећег јарења и она је износила 166,09%. Просечна дужина трајања лактације износила је 241 дан код прве, 243 дана друге и 249 дана код треће лактације. Производња млека је била у I лактацији 480,25 кг, II–578,90 и III–694,65 кг.  Већа производња млека остварена је у другој лактацији у односу на прву за 98,65 кг. Козе у трећој лактацији су произвеле више млека у односу на прву лактацију за 214,40 кг, а у односу на другу за 115,75 кг. Утврђене разлике су биле и статистички врло значајне (P<0,01). Просечан садржај млечне масти у млеку био је 3,21%. Статистичком анализом података утврђен је значајан утицај редоследа лактација на укупну количину намуженог млека. Укупна лактацијска и дневна производња млека имале су констатнан раст од прве до треће лактације. Најнижи удео млечне масти је утврђен средином лактације, док је његов највиши проценат утврђен у последњем стадијуму лактације. Резултати истраживања показују да редослед лактација има врло значајан утицан (P<0,01) на количину млека. Наиме, после првог јарења козе производе најмање млека. Из лактације у лактацију количина млека се повећава, а максималну постижу између 3 и 4. лактације. То је у вези са развојем тела животиње, посебно повећањем млечне жлезде.  Плодност коза је такође била већа за 4,14% код трећег у односу на прво јарење, тј. и код ове особине утицај узраста коза је евидентан.
Предвиђање производње кромпира
Authors: Новковић Небојша , Мутавџић Беба , Илин Жарко , Иванишевић Драган
Published: December 2017

У раду је анализирана производња кромпира у Србији, Војводини и Немачкој. За Србију и Војводину су анализиране површине, укупна производња и просечни приноси, а за Немачку само укупна производња. Анализирани подаци односе се на период 1991-2010. година. На основу података анализираног периода, применом АРИМА модела, предвиђено је кретање посматраних појава до 2015. године. Резултати предвиђања показују да ће у Србији до краја периода предвиђања површине под кромпиром имати тенденцију сталног смањења и да ће бити на нивоу од око 66.000 хектара. За разлику од површина, принос и производња кромпира имаће тенденцију пораста, и достићи ће 920.000 тона. Производња кропмира у Војводини показује исте карактеристике као и производња у Србији. Површине под кромпиром у Војводини константно ће се смањивати и на крају периода предвиђања износиће око 12.700 хектара. Производњу и принос кромпира у Војводини карактерише тенденција пораста, па ће производња 2015. године бити на нивоу од 263.000 тона. За разлику од Србије и Војводине, производњу кромпира у Немачкој карактерише тенденција смањења. Очекује се да на крају периода предвиђања производња буде  на нивоу од око 9,955 милиона тона.
Biohemijsko - fiziološke karakteristike ploda kruške u zavisnosti od položaja na stablu
Authors: Stanivuković Sanda , Pašalić Boris , Đurić Gordana
Published: December 2017

Biohemijsko - fiziološka proučavanja plodova kruške sorte Pakams trijumf na različitim pozicijama (vrh, sredina, baza) i ekspozicijama (istok, zapad) na stablu izvršena su u toku 2010. i 2011. godine u zasadu kruške u Jurkovici - opština Gradiška. Stabla ispitivane sorte zasađena su u pravcu sjever - jug, gajena u uzgojnom obliku vitko vreteno na sijancu divlje kruške i u vrijeme istraživanja nalazila su se periodu punog plodonošenja. Plodovi su analazirani neposredno nakon berbe i nakon mjesec dana skladištenja u hladnjači sa normalnom atmosferom. Analiza varijanse je pokazala da su tvrdoća mesa ploda i sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije u ćelijskom soku mesa ploda uslovljeni pozicijom ploda na stablu, dok ekpozicija ploda nije značajno uticala na ponašanje plodova nakon berbe i nakon skladištenja. Najmanju tvrdoću imali su plodovi vršne zone dok je najveća vrijednost istog parametra zabilježena kod plodova iz bazne zone. Plodovi iz vršne zone imali su i najveći sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije ali kad je u pitanju najmanji sadržaj istog došlo je do određenih odstupanja posmatrajući plodove plodova nakon berbe i nakon skladištenja. Naime, plodovi iz središnje zone imali su najmanju vrijednost šećera nakon berbe ali nakon skladištenja ista vrijednost je uočena kod plodova iz vršne zone dok je sa aspekta ekspozicije uočeno jednako ponašanje plodova. Rezultati istraživanja su značanji za određivanje probirne berbe plodova voća kao i za očuvanje kvaliteta uskladištenih plodova.
Effect of Row Spacing on Seed Yield, Yield Components and Seed Quality of Alfalfa
Authors: Beković Dragoljub , Stanisavljević Rade , Biberdžić Milan , Stojković Slaviša , Knežević Jasmina
Published: December 2017

Under agro-environmental conditions of Southern Serbia, the re­search was conducted over a three-year period to evaluate the effect of row spacing on seed yield, yield components and seed quality of alfalfa cv. ’K-23’. The average seed yield of alfalfa was highest at a row spacing of 40 cm (271.7 kg ha-1), followed by row spacing of 20 cm (249.4 kg ha-1) and 60 cm (244.0 kg ha-1). The highest and lowest number of inflo­rescences per stem were obtained in rows spaced 60 cm (13.37 inflo­rescences/stem) and 20 cm apart (8.57 inflorescences/stem), respectively. The widest row spacing of 60 cm (7.15 pods / inflorescence) resulted in the highest number of pods per inflorescence, whereas the lowest number was produced at 20 cm spacing (5.50 pods / inflorescence). Grain number per pod ranged from 3.55 (at 20 cm row spacing) to 4.05 (at 60 cm). The highest quality of alfalfa seed during the three years of the research was obtained at the widest row spacing (60 cm). Thousand-seed weight was highest at 60 cm and lowest at 20 cm (1.97 g and 2.07 g, respectively). The highest average values for seed germination rate were reported for 60 cm row spa­cing (88.00%) and the lowest for 20 cm row spacing (85.76 %).
Variability of Seed Components of Selected Populations of English Ryegrass
Authors: Lakić Željko
Published: December 2017

The examination was performed at research field and laboratories of Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska-Banjaluka in the period 2006 - 2008. The goal of this paper was to examine the components of seed yield offsprings of autochthonous populations of English ryegrass, and based on these results, to single out the materials that would later be used in a program of creation of domestic varieties. During the examination, the following properties were analyzed: seed yield (kg ha-1), mass of 1000 seeds (g), size of seed (seed/g) and hectoliter mass (kg). During a biennial examination, significant differences were determined between populations of English ryegrass in a seed yield. The examined populations of English ryegrass achieved a high average seed yield (903.9 kg ha-1). The largest biennial average seed yield was achieved with populationSarajevo. The seed quality of the examined populations was good, while the average mass of 1000 seed amounted to 2.1 g. During these examinations, the smallest seed was inSarajevo population, while the largest one was in Banjaluka population. The average hectoliter seed mass of seven examined popu­lations of English ryegrass amounted to 25.8 kg.
Napomyza gymnostoma Loew. (Diptera, Agromyzidae) in Banja Luka Region (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Authors: Đurić Zorica , Hrnčić Snježana
Published: December 2017

Allium leaf miner - Napomyza gymnostoma Loew. (Diptera, Agromyzidae) feeds on diferent species of onions (Allium spp.). Itis spreadin the wholeEurope andconsidered as oneof the most important onion pests, especially onyoung plantsinspringandautumn. During 2006 and 2007 presence of Napomyza gymnostomawas observed on onion in the Banja Luka region at seven different locations. Onion plants were visually inspected in order to find damages that are caused by adult feeding. Afterthe first damages were detected,20 plants in5 places in eachplot were randomlyselected and observed. The percentageof damaged plants was determined at every location. During springgeneration, the length of development stageswas monitored at the entomological cages in the open field. Based on the morphological characteristics, in the laboratory was confirmed the identity of the species. In 2006 the first damages caused by adult feeding were detected on 22nd April at the location Šargovac. The highest percentage of damages was found at location Vakuf 1 (50%). In 2007 the first damages of adult feeding was detected on 5th April at the location Šargovac 1, while the highest percentage of damaged plants was registered at location Vakuf 2a (41%). Larval development lasted from 29 to 34 days and pupal development 4 months, including summer diapause.
Growth and Development of Basil Transplants (Ocimum basilicum L.)under Biostimulants Application
Authors: Zeljković Svjetlana , Parađiković Nada , Šušak Uroš , Tkalec Monika
Published: December 2017

In this study, the influence of biostimulants Radifarm® on basil transplants (Ocimum basilicum L.) growth and development was examined.Seedlings transplanted into the PVC containers φ9 cm,the plants were tre­ated with the biostimulant concentration of 0.30% or untreated(control). During the experiment recorded the morphological indicators of growth and development of seedlings(plant height, number of leaves), and finally made measuring root length and fresh and dry weight of roots and above-groundparts.The aim of this study was to determine whether, to what extent and in what manner applied biostimulator impact on improved growth and root development of seedlings of basil, and thus improve the adaptation of the young seedlings in abiotical stress of transplanting into the open field. All the traits were affected by treatment with biostimulants a certain duration of the experiment.Research indicates that the use of biostimulants in the production of basil enhances the growth and development of roots and above-ground parts which is a prerequisite for faster plant adaptation on stress during transplanting.
ТЕОРИЈА И ПРАКСА СРПСКЕ РЕГИОНАЛНЕ ГЕОГРАФИЈЕ
Authors: Гњато Рајко
Published: December 2017

Темеље српској географији, укључујући и регионалну, поставио је Јован Цвијић. Иако под снажнимутицајем њемачке и француске географске школе и главних праваца које су те школе продуковале и оставиледубоког трага у њеном развоју током друге половине деветнаестог и прве половине двадесетог вијека, Цвијићје изградио сопствени правац у географској науци, који је нашао пуног смисла у његовим монументалнимдјелима посвећеним Балканском полуострву. У ствари, ријеч је о доминантно антропогеографским студијамарегионалногеографског карактера, у којима се регионална индивидуалност доводи у везу са међусобним утицајемприродне средине, човјека и историјског процеса. Овакав приступ регионалној индивидуалности био је основконцепцији српске регионалне географије, коју су наставили бројни Цвијићеви ученици и њихови насљедници.Савремена стремљења у географској науци, како у Европи тако и свијету, па и у оквиру српске географије, у први планстављају практична питања посвећена реалном животу: економском и социјалном развоју, регионалном развоју ирегионалном планирању, вредновању и очувању животне средине и сл. Овакав приступ географији остварио јеснажан утицај на концепт савремене српске регионалне географије, те на методологију регионалногеографскихистраживања. Управо, различити приступи географском простору, његовом проучавању, вредновању, условнојдиференцијацији и сл. осмишљавају позицију регионалне географије у систему географских наука. На сцени јеи приступ који географски регионализам у форми организације географског простора дефинише као предметсавремених регионалногеографских истраживања.
Nodal patterning without Lefty inhibitory feedback is functional but fragile
Authors: Rogers Katherine W , Lord Nathan D , Gagnon James A , Pauli Andrea , Zimmerman Steven , Aksel Deniz C , Reyon Deepak , Tsai Shengdar Q , Joung J Keith , Schier Alexander F
Published: December 2017

Developmental signaling pathways often activate their own inhibitors. Such inhibitory feedback has been suggested to restrict the spatial and temporal extent of signaling or mitigate signaling fluctuations, but these models are difficult to rigorously test. Here, we determine whether the ability of the mesendoderm inducer Nodal to activate its inhibitor Lefty is required for development. We find that zebrafish lefty mutants exhibit excess Nodal signaling and increased specification of mesendoderm, resulting in embryonic lethality. Strikingly, development can be fully restored without feedback: Lethal patterning defects in lefty mutants can be rescued by ectopic expression of lefty far from its normal expression domain or by spatially and temporally uniform exposure to a Nodal inhibitor drug. While drug-treated mutants are less tolerant of mild perturbations to Nodal signaling levels than wild type embryos, they can develop into healthy adults. These results indicate that patterning without inhibitory feedback is functional but fragile.
Musikalsk kompetanse som “mangfold og fordypning”. Kunnskapsdiskurser i Rammeplan for kulturskolen.
Authors: Ellefsen Live Weider
Published: December 2017

Høsten 2016 forelå rammeplanen Mangfold og fordypning (Norsk Kulturskoleråd, 2016), som erstatter tidligere retningsgivende planer for norske kulturskoler. Planverket søker å legge til rette for et større mangfold i utdanningstilbudet, bedre og bredere rekruttering, felles normer for faglig og pedagogisk kvalitet og felles forventninger om læringsutbytter og kompetanseoppnåelse. I denne artikkelen anlegges et diskursanalytisk perspektiv for å undersøke hvordan kunnskap og kompetanse forstås i det nye rammeplanverket, og hvilke diskurser som muliggjør disse forståelsene. Særskilt er det rammeplanens målsettinger og læringsutbyttebeskrivelser som blir underlagt systematisk analyse, med spesiell oppmerksomhet rettet mot kulturskolens musikkfag, og den grunnlagstenkningen om musikkfaglig kunnskap og kompetanse som kommer til uttrykk i fagplanen for musikk. Fire områder for diskursiv spenning og meningsforhandling blir utforsket. Disse er knyttet til musikkfaglig kunnskap forstått som 1) ytringskulturell kompetanse og ekspressiv interesse 2) fagferdigheter og dannelse 3) mangfold og/eller fordypning og 4) aktivt utøverskap og entreprenørskap.
Identification and characterization of a novel zebrafish (Danio rerio) pentraxin–carbonic anhydrase
Authors: Patrikainen Maarit S. , Tolvanen Martti E.E. , Aspatwar Ashok , Barker Harlan R. , Ortutay Csaba , Jänis Janne , Laitaoja Mikko , Hytönen Vesa P. , Azizi Latifeh , Manandhar Prajwol , Jáger Edit , Vullo Daniela , Kukkurainen Sampo , Hilvo Mika , Supuran Claudiu T. , Parkkila Seppo
Published: December 2017

Background

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are ubiquitous, essential enzymes which catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and H+ions. Vertebrate genomes generally contain gene loci for 15–21 different CA isoforms, three of which are enzymatically inactive. CA VI is the only secretory protein of the enzymatically active isoforms. We discovered that non-mammalian CA VI contains a C-terminal pentraxin (PTX) domain, a novel combination for both CAs and PTXs.

Methods

We isolated and sequenced zebrafish (Danio rerio) CA VI cDNA, complete with the sequence coding for the PTX domain, and produced the recombinant CA VI–PTX protein. Enzymatic activity and kinetic parameters were measured with a stopped-flow instrument. Mass spectrometry, analytical gel filtration and dynamic light scattering were used for biophysical characterization. Sequence analyses and Bayesian phylogenetics were used in generating hypotheses of protein structure and CA VI gene evolution. A CA VI–PTX antiserum was produced, and the expression of CA VI protein was studied by immunohistochemistry. A knock-down zebrafish model was constructed, and larvae were observed up to five days post-fertilization (dpf). The expression ofca6mRNA was quantitated by qRT-PCR in different developmental times in morphant and wild-type larvae and in different adult fish tissues. Finally, the swimming behavior of the morphant fish was compared to that of wild-type fish.

Results

The recombinant enzyme has a very high carbonate dehydratase activity. Sequencing confirms a 530-residue protein identical to one of the predicted proteins in the Ensembl database (ensembl.org). The protein is pentameric in solution, as studied by gel filtration and light scattering, presumably joined by the PTX domains. Mass spectrometry confirms the predicted signal peptide cleavage and disulfides, and N-glycosylation in two of the four observed glycosylation motifs. Molecular modeling of the pentamer is consistent with the modifications observed in mass spectrometry. Phylogenetics and sequence analyses provide a consistent hypothesis of the evolutionary history of domains associated with CA VI in mammals and non-mammals. Briefly, the evidence suggests that ancestral CA VI was a transmembrane protein, the exon coding for the cytoplasmic domain was replaced by one coding for PTX domain, and finally, in the therian lineage, the PTX-coding exon was lost. We knocked down CA VI expression in zebrafish embryos with antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, resulting in phenotype features of decreased buoyancy and swim bladder deflation in 4 dpf larvae.

Discussion

These findings provide novel insights into the evolution, structure, and function of this unique CA form.
ARA1 regulates not only l‐arabinose but also d‐galactose catabolism in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Benocci Tiziano , Aguilar‑Pontes Maria Victoria , Kun Roland Sándor , Seiboth Bernhard , de Vries Ronald P. , Daly Paul
Published: December 2017

Trichoderma reesei is used to produce saccharifying enzyme cocktails for biofuels. There is limited understanding of the transcription factors (TFs) that regulate genes involved in release and catabolism of l‐arabinose and d‐galactose, as the main TF XYR1 is only partially involved. Here, the T. reesei ortholog of ARA1 from Pyricularia oryzae that regulates l‐arabinose releasing and catabolic genes was deleted and characterized by growth profiling and transcriptomics along with a xyr1 mutant and xyr1/ara1 double mutant. Our results show that in addition to the l‐arabinose‐related role, T. reesei ARA1 is essential for expression of d‐galactose releasing and catabolic genes, while XYR1 is not involved in this process.
High‐Pressure Phase Transition of Iron: A Combined Magnetic Remanence and Mössbauer Study
Authors: Wei Qingguo , McCammon Catherine , Gilder Stuart Alan
Published: December 2017

We measured Mössbauer spectra and the acquisition of saturation isothermal remanent magnetization in alternating steps on the same sample of polycrystalline, multidiron metal powder in a diamond anvil cell across the body centered cubic (bcc) to hexagonal closed packed (hcp) phase transition at room temperature up to 19.2 GPa. Within the bcc stability field indicated by the presence of magnetic hyperfine splitting, saturation remanent magnetization and sextet area were well correlated during compression and decompression. The areas and dips of the outer (first and sixth) and middle (second and fifth) components of the sextet changed in relative proportion as a function of pressure, which was attributed to rotation of the magnetization direction perpendicular to the gamma‐ray source. Sextet peaks disappeared above ∼15 GPa, yet magnetic remanence persisted. Magnetic remanence intensity divided by the fractional area of the sextet, taken to represent bcc Fe, attained maxima at pressures near the boundaries of the hysteretic transition, which we attribute to strain‐related magnetostriction effects associated with a distorted bcc‐hcp phase. Magnetic remanence observed within the hcp stability field, as defined by the absence of sextet peaks, could be due to a previously described, distorted bcc‐hcp phase whose hyperfine field was below detection limits of Mössbauer spectroscopy. Our study suggests that distorted bcc‐hcp Fe holds magnetic remanence and leaves open the possibility that this phase carries magnetic remanence into the pressure range where only pure hcp Fe is considered stable.
Data Reduction of Laser Ablation Split‐Stream (LASS) Analyses Using Newly Developed Features Within Iolite: With Applications to Lu‐Hf + U‐Pb in Detrital Zircon and Sm‐Nd +U‐Pb in Igneous Monazite
Authors: Fisher Christopher M. , Paton Chad , Pearson D. Graham , Sarkar Chiranjeeb , Luo Yan , Tersmette Daniel B. , Chacko Thomas
Published: December 2017

A robust platform to view and integrate multiple data sets collected simultaneously is required to realize the utility and potential of the Laser Ablation Split‐Stream (LASS) method. This capability, until now, has been unavailable and practitioners have had to laboriously process each data set separately, making it challenging to take full advantage of the benefits of LASS. We describe a new program for handling multiple mass spectrometric data sets collected simultaneously, designed specifically for the LASS technique, by which a laser aerosol is been split into two or more separate “streams” to be measured on separate mass spectrometers. New features withinIolite(https://iolite-software.com) enable the capability of loading, synchronizing, viewing, and reducing two or more data sets acquired simultaneously, as multiple DRSs (data reduction schemes) can be run concurrently. While this version ofIoliteaccommodates any combination of simultaneously collected mass spectrometer data, we demonstrate the utility using case studies where U‐Pb and Lu‐Hf isotope composition of zircon, and U‐Pb and Sm‐Nd isotope composition of monazite were analyzed simultaneously, in crystals showing complex isotopic zonation. These studies demonstrate the importance of being able to view and integrate simultaneously acquired data sets, especially for samples with complicated zoning and decoupled isotope systematics, in order to extract accurate and geologically meaningful isotopic and compositional data. This contribution provides instructions and examples for handling simultaneously collected laser ablation data. An instructional video is also provided. The updated Iolite software will help to fully develop the applications of both LASS and multi‐instrument mass spectrometric measurement capabilities.
Storm Time Global Observations of Large‐Scale TIDs From Ground‐Based and In Situ Satellite Measurements
Authors: Habarulema John Bosco , Yizengaw Endawoke , Katamzi‐Joseph Zama T. , Moldwin Mark B. , Buchert Stephan
Published: December 2017

This paper discusses the ionosphere's response to the largest storm of solar cycle 24 during 16–18 March 2015. We have used the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) total electron content data to study large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) over the American, African, and Asian regions. Equatorward large‐scale TIDs propagated and crossed the equator to the other side of the hemisphere especially over the American and Asian sectors. Poleward TIDs with velocities in the range ≈400–700 m/s have been observed during local daytime over the American and African sectors with origin from around the geomagnetic equator. Our investigation over the American sector shows that poleward TIDs may have been launched by increased Lorentz coupling as a result of penetrating electric field during the southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field, Bz. We have observed increase in SWARM satellite electron density (Ne) at the same time when equatorward large‐scale TIDs are visible over the European‐African sector. The altitude Ne profiles from ionosonde observations show a possible link that storm‐induced TIDs may have influenced the plasma distribution in the topside ionosphere at SWARM satellite altitude.
Observations of the Breakdown of Mountain Waves Over the Andes Lidar Observatory at Cerro Pachon on 8/9 July 2012
Authors: Hecht J. H. , Fritts D. C. , Wang L. , Gelinas L. J. , Rudy R. J. , Walterscheid R. L. , Taylor M. J. , Pautet P. D. , Smith S. , Franke S. J.
Published: December 2017

Although mountain waves (MWs) are thought to be a ubiquitous feature of the wintertime southern Andes stratosphere, it was not known whether these waves propagated up to the mesopause region until Smith et al. (2009) confirmed their presence via airglow observations. The new Andes Lidar Observatory at Cerro Pachon in Chile provided the opportunity for a further study of these waves. Since MWs have near‐zero phase speed, and zero wind lines often occur in the winter upper mesosphere (80 to 100 km altitude) region due to the reversal of the zonal mean and tidal wind, MW breakdown may routinely occur at these altitudes. Here we report on very high spatial/temporal resolution observations of the initiation of MW breakdown in the mesopause region. Because the waves are nearly stationary, the breakdown process was observed over several hours; a much longer interval than has previously been observed for any gravity wave breakdown. During the breakdown process observations were made of initial horseshoe‐shaped vortices, leading to successive vortex rings, as is also commonly seen in Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of idealized and multiscale gravity wave breaking. Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI) structures were also observed to form. Comparing the structure of observed KHI with the results of existing DNS allowed an estimate of the turbulent kinematic viscosity. This viscosity was found to be around 25 m2/s, a value larger than the nominal viscosity that is used in models.
AOT Retrieval Procedure for Distributed Measurements With Low‐Cost Sun Photometers
Authors: Toledo F. , Garrido C. , Díaz M. , Rondanelli R. , Jorquera S. , Valdivieso P.
Published: December 2017

We propose a new application of inexpensive light‐emitting diode (LED)‐based Sun photometers, consisting of measuring the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) with high resolution within metropolitan scales. Previously, these instruments have been used at continental scales by the GLOBE program, but this extension is already covered by more expensive and higher‐precision instruments of the AERONET global network. For this we built an open source two‐channeled LED‐based Sun photometer based on previous developments, with improvements in the hardware, software, and modifications on the calibration procedure. Among these we highlight the use of MODTRAN to characterize the effect introduced by using LED sensors in the AOT retrieval, an open design available for the scientific community and a calibration procedure that takes advantage of a CIMEL Sun photometer located within the city, enables the intercomparison of several LED Sun photometers with a common reference. We estimated the root‐mean‐square error in the AOT retrieved by the prototypes as 0.006 at the 564 nm and 0.009 at the 408 nm. This error is way under the magnitude of the AOT daily cycle variability measured by us in our campaigns, even for distances closer than 15 km. In addition to inner city campaigns, we also show aerosol‐tracing applications by measuring AOT variations from the city of Santiago to the Andes glaciers. Measuring AOT at high spatial resolution in urban areas can improve our understanding of urban scale aerosol circulation, providing information for solar energy planning, health policies, and climatological studies, among others.