bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How can we reduce the embodied carbon of structural concrete?
Authors: Astle Paul
Published: December 2022

Paul Astle explores potential ways in which engineers can seek reductions in the embodied carbon of structural concrete.
Specifying sustainable steel: revised CARES Sustainable Constructional Steel certification scheme
Authors: Knight Dave , Brankley Lee
Published: December 2022

Dave Knight and Lee Brankley highlight key aspects of the latest version of CARES’ scheme for certifying sustainable steel and rebar products.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TGT Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Bentuk Aljabar
Authors: Novita Chintia Moningka  , Santje M. Salajang  , Murni Sulistyaningsih
Published: December 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament dan hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional pada materi Bentuk Aljabar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen semu. Populasinya adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 6 Tondano tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII A dan siswa kelas VII B. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament lebih tinggi dari pada hasil belajar siswa tanpa menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament pada materi Bentuk Aljabar. Direkomendasikan bagi calon peneliti selanjutnya untuk meneliti kembali kelayakan penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament pada materi Bentuk Aljabar.
On the Contemporary Analysis of Protein Biopharmaceuticals
Authors: Sandra Koen , Sandra Pat
Published: December 2022

In this extended special feature to celebrate the 35th anniversary edition of LCGC Europe, leading figures from the separation science community explore contemporary trends in separation science and identify possible future developments.
Analytical Characterization of Host Cell Proteins (HCPs)
Authors: Auclair Jared , Rathore Anurag S.
Published: December 2022

Biotechnology products such as biopharmaceuticals, including biosimilars, are produced in living organisms or cells. A common phrase that we hear is “the process is the product.” Thus, this process of producing these products in living organisms presents several unique challenges to consider. One of those key challenges is the characterization of not only the product itself, but other impurities in the form of host cell proteins (HCPs) that may be present. To ensure that these HCPs do not have clinical implications, it is important to understand what they are. Therefore, in this column, we take a closer look at specific analytical technologies and tools to analyze these host cell proteins, with a specific focus on liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) approaches.
Optical Properties of the Suwannee River Fulvic Acid Complexation with Thorium Using 3D Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Sun Xiao Long , Ma Xiangshu , Leng Liu , Fang Yichuan
Published: December 2022

The relationship between the complexation amount of thorium (Th) and Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and the changes in Th concentration and pH were studied using differential spectroscopy and 3D excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D EEM). Experiments were performed at different Th concentrations and pH values. In the differential spectra at different concentrations, four bands of aromatic components appeared, and thorium was complexed with the carboxyl groups in SRFA. The 3D EEM spectra showed a fulvic acid-like fluorescence region, a visible-light fulvic acid region, and the blueshift phenomenon. The fluorescence intensity decreased with increasing thorium concentration and increased with increasing pH. The results showed that the amount of complexation of thorium and SRFA increased with increasing thorium concentration, and high pH was not conducive to the complexation of thorium and SRFA.
How Tourism Affects Women's Employment in Asian Countries: An Application of GMM and Quantile Regression
Authors: Raihan Asif , Voumik Liton Chandra , Nafi Shohel Md. , Kuri Bapon Chandra
Published: December 2022

Based on data collected from 32 Asian countries between the years 1996 and 2020, this study investigated the effect that tourism has on women's participation in the workforce. This research makes use of a panel data model, one-step difference and system GMMs, and quantile regression. Trade, child mortality, FDI, and government spending are all taken into account in addition to GDP. The findings demonstrate that an increase in tourism led to a greater level of female participation in the employment sector. Additionally, exports and FDI both contributed to a rise in the number of women in the labor force. However, both remittances and government spending reduce women's participation in the labor force. Out of the three subsectors, the increase in tourism led to more women working in the industry and service sectors. However, a rise in tourism tends to lead to a decline in the number of agricultural jobs held by women. Women's employment opportunities in the industrial and service sectors grow as a result of tourism but shrink in the agricultural sectors. To analyze labor dynamics, this study is crucial for policymakers. It's useful for promoting tourism in Asia and formulating policy related to it. Employment-related policies in the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors of Asian economies would also benefit greatly from this.
Prediksi Curah Hujan Menggunakan Data Hujan Satelit CHIRPS dan PERSIANN-CDR di DAS Bedadung Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Novita Tri lara Atica Angel , Halik Gusfan , Saifurridzal
Published: December 2022

Curah hujan merupakan data penting dalam pemodelan hidrologi, pengendalian daya air, perencanaan alokasi air dan pemanfaatan sumber daya air lainnya. Namun, dalam operasionalnya, sering dijumpai data curah hujan yang tidak lengkap karena kerusakan alat atau faktor lainnya. Kemajuan di bidang penginderaan jauh mengarahkan pada perkembangan produk curah hujan berbasis satelit resolusi tinggi. Estimasi curah hujan kuantitatif berbasis satelit telah dikembangkan untuk aplikasi hidrometeorologi, termasuk peringatan banjir dan kekeringan, sumber daya air, dan pemantauan cuaca dan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi curah hujan menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jauh atau data hujan satelit dari CHIRPS dan PERSIANN-CDR. Prediksi curah hujan dilakukan di DAS Bedadung, Kabupaten Jember periode 2011-2020. Prediksi curah hujan dimodelkan dengan metode kecerdasan buatan atau Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST). Hasil prediksi curah hujan bulanan dengan input data hujan satelit CHIRPS lebih akurat jika dibandingkan dengan data hujan satelit PERSIANN-CDR. Model JST dengan arsitektur JST-C3 (1-20-1) dengan input curah hujan dari satelit CHIRPS memberi keandalan prediksi hujan bulanan yang sangat memuaskan dengan nilai R = 0.908 tahap training dan R = 0.953 tahap validasi. Hasil prediksi hujan bulanan dengan data satelit CHIRPS ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif dalam merancang pengelolaan sumber daya air pada Daerah Aliran Sungai dengan data hujan terbatas.
Restraint Practices in Incapable Wandering Patients During COVID-19: Ethics and Best Practice Recommendations
Authors: Geen Olivia , Gui Shannon , Andreychuk Sandra , DeBono Tony , Yousuf Haroon
Published: December 2022

Patients who wander as one of their psychological and behavioural symptoms of dementia are often unable to follow or recall Infection Prevention and Control precautions, putting them at risk of contracting or spreading COVID-19. Physical and chemical restraints have been used to limit the risk of transmission to wandering patients and their care providers, but restraints are not the standard of care for wandering behaviour in non-pandemic scenarios. Although provincial policies on restraint use are available, their guidance may not provide the context-dependent information necessary for individual patient decisions. To address this knowledge gap, we reviewed the medical, ethical, and legal considerations through an interdisciplinary approach including nurses, physicians, ethicists, hospital leadership, risk management, and legal counsel. We present an ethical framework that front-line health-care workers can use to create a balanced patient-centred care plan for incapable wandering patients who are at risk of contracting or spreading COVID-19.
Assessing the Effects of Dietary Protein Supplementation on Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Hou Vincent , Madden Kenneth
Published: December 2022

Sarcopenia, an age-associated skeletal muscle disorder characterized by muscle loss, is associated with disability in elderly populations. This literature review summarizes the impact of protein intake and supplementation on the indicators of severe sarcopenia—muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function in community-dwelling older adults. We performed a literature search on PubMed, EMBASE, and MedLine, and included studies that evaluated the effects of protein intake with or without exercise intervention and on sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Information regarding study participants, protein intervention, and sarcopenia-related outcomes were collected. Protein supplementation with or without exercise positively improves muscle mass, and aspects of muscle strength and physical function in sarcopenic and pre-frail older adults, while it elicited inconclusive effects in healthy populations. Greater dietary animal-based and soy-based protein diets can improve muscle mass in older adults. In conclusion, protein supplementation can improve muscle mass and reduce the risk of sarcopenia in sarcopenia and pre-frail older adults, while future studies should continue to investigate the effects of protein supplementation on indicators of sarcopenia in healthy older adults.
The Relationships Between Work-Related Rumination, Employee Voice and Silence, Turnover Intention, and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Plessis Alida Susanna (Suné) Du , Beer Leon T. De
Published: December 2022

How employees think about their work after the end of their working day has received renewed emphasis recently. Work-related rumination could affect employees' voice behaviour. Some employees could prefer to speak up about ideas or concerns that bother them on an ongoing basis, and other employees can choose instead to remain silent. This could further impact specific organisational outcomes, such as employees' satisfaction in their job and their intention to leave the organisation. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between work-related rumination, employee voice and silence, turnover intention, and job satisfaction. A cross-sectional research design was used to collect data from a general sample of employees (n = 332). Structural equation modelling methods were used for data analysis. The results showed the proposed direct relationships between the research constructs, except between affective rumination and employee voice, and also employee voice and job satisfaction. Indirect relationships also showed how employee voice and silence played mediating roles in the relationships between work-related rumination and turnover intention. Organisations should be aware of the dynamics between work-related rumination and employee voice and silence behaviour within their organisation as this affects outcomes.
Multiple Pregnancy: Boon or Bane – An Indian Perspective
Authors: Kishore Kumar R. , Usha B.R.
Published: December 2022

In the era of rising multiple pregnancy, it is important for us to analyse the recent trends. Assisted reproductive technology has brought hope to many childless couples. But it comes with a price. The prevalence of multiple gestation globally at present is 32 per 1000 deliveries. Recent studies from India report an incidence of 30.5 per 1000 deliveries. The most important complication associated with multiple gestation is prematurity. From the neonatology point of view, the increase in multiple gestation has opened an additional opportunity for the neonatologists to see and manage more preterm babies. Infants born after a multifetal pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of prematurity, cerebral palsy, learning disabilities, slow language development, behavioural difficulties, chronic lung disease, developmental delay, and death. The relative risk of cerebral palsy in twins and triplets compared to a singleton is 4.9 and 12.7, respectively. Foetal reduction as a routine should be discussed with all couples with multiple gestation including twins, to improve the pregnancy and neonatal outcome. Any multifetal gestation is a high-risk pregnancy should be managed efficiently by a multidisciplinary team involving Senior Obstetricians, neonatologists, intensivists, anaesthesiologists, physicians and nursing team in a well-equipped centre.
Perspective Chapter: Species Diversity and Distribution of Catfishes and Their Current Contribution to Global Food Security
Authors: Felix Ouma Don , E. Barasa James
Published: December 2022

Ranking fifth in global aquaculture production of farmed fin fishes, with a total tonnage of 5, 518 878 metric tons worth US$ 10 569 972 Billion, Catfishes are exceptionally important as a seafood product. They are an especially important food resource in developing countries, more so since their farmed production does not require sophisticated technology. The diversity and natural distribution of catfishes are documented. Farmed production of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in the Mekong delta and Ictalurus punctatus in China is reviewed as global success story in the culture of catfishes. Important lessons from these ventures are drawn for the culture of clariid catfishes, the dominant group farmed in Africa. Amongst this family, the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) is the most widely cultured species, due to its hardy nature. However, its culture is constrained by insufficient seed supply, due to poor survival of fingerlings. These challenges are brought to the fore, so that future research efforts explore strategies of countenance, in order to increase food fish production, incomes, and livelihoods in Africa.
Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Mulè Massimiliano , Passaniti Giulia , Giannazzo Daniela
Published: December 2022

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex and multifactorial syndrome, partly unknown, characterized by a profound alteration of pulmonary vasculature and, consequentially, a rise in the pulmonary vascular load, leading to hypertrophy and remodeling of the right heart chambers. The World Health Organization assembles the several forms of PH into five clinical groups: group 1 includes pulmonary arterial hypertension, previously defined as idiopathic forms, group 2 is PH due to left-sided heart diseases, group 3 PH due to lung diseases, hypoxia, or both, group 4 due to pulmonary-artery obstruction, and group 5 PH, which includes forms with multifactorial or unclear mechanisms. In this chapter, we would like to delineate the clinical and hemodynamic definitions of PH and, for each group, we will describe the pathophysiological mechanisms, the diagnostic pathway, and the pharmacological approach and treatment. Finally, we would also like to focus on the latest trials and future therapeutic perspectives for this disease.
Psychotherapy of Panic Disorder: Revisiting Past and Present Research and Moving toward Future Directions
Authors: Afshari Behrooz
Published: December 2022

Panic disorder is one of the most debilitating mental disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to apply treatments for this problem to eliminate the disability of patients. Both psychotherapy and medication have been shown to reduce the frequency and severity of panic attacks and panic disorder. In this chapter, we first mentioned cognitive-behavioral therapy as the cornerstone of psychotherapy for panic disorder and then, medication as one of the most common treatments for this disorder. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been found by numerous studies to be the most important psychotherapy for panic attacks and panic disorder. Medication is another effective treatment because some medications can be very helpful in managing the symptoms of a panic attack as well as anxiety and depression. Finally, emotion regulation therapies for the treatment of panic disorder will be introduced and explained for the first time.
Smart Rice Precision Farming Schemes in Sub-Saharan Africa: Process and Architecture
Authors: Ayegba Alfa Abraham , Kolo Alhassan John , Mikail Olaniyi Olayemi , Olalere Morufu
Published: December 2022

Smart farming integrates information, communication, and control technologies in agricultural practices. Recently, crop enterprise management through smart precision farming technologies are antidotes to uncontrollable soil and environmental factors compounded by climate change. Farm production planning utilizes enormous data generated from the field by human agents and IoT devices, but is often unreliable and inaccurate. These cause low yield, high losses, inferior quality of farm produce, overuse or underuse of fertilizers, increased costs, and inefficient farm management. Traditionally, analyzing rice cropping yields is time-inefficient and tasking, which led to quicker IoT adoption. Aside insufficient data sharing infrastructure, data privacy problem is widespread The blockchain technology is useful for verifying the reliability, accuracy, and authenticity of IoT data generated from fields for the production planning. In the future, dynamic systems (smart rice farming) and model-based control systems can be applied to understand the physical process and valuable factors of production. This paper provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art process and architectural survey on impacts of uncontrollable environmental factors, smart precision framework, security and privacy architectures or solutions for improving rice crop production. Again, a new taxonomy is developed to guide researchers, advance the course of rice production, and improve yields across sub-Saharan Africa.
Lupus and the Nervous System: A Neuroimmunoloigcal Update on Pathogenesis and Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Focus on Neuropsychiatric SLE
Authors: Saleki Kiarash , Shirzad Moein , Banazadeh Mohammad , Hosein Mohamadi Mohamad , Alijanizadeh Parsa , Javanmehr Nima , Pourahmad Ramtin , Shakeri Mahdi , Nikkhoo Amiri Reza , Payandeh Payam , Saadat Payam
Published: December 2022

An autoimmune condition is characterized by a misdirected immunological system that interacts with host antigens. Excess activation of T- and B-lymphocytes, autoantibody generation, immune complex deposition, and multi-organ injury are found in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an early autoimmune condition with a substantial hereditary element. A number of environmental factors and lifestyle changes also play a role in the development of SLE. The imbalanced immunity could take part in the dysfunction and injury of different biological organs, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) can present with focal and diffuse involvements. Clinical manifestations of NPSLE vary from mild cognitive deficits to changed mental status, psychosis, and seizure disorders. Headaches, mood, and cognitive problems are the most common neuropsychiatric presentations associated with SLE. NPSLE could be found in 40% of all people who have SLE. The diagnostic inference of NPSLE can be made solely following these secondary causes have been ruled out. The present chapter provides an updated discussion of the clinical presentation, molecular processes, diagnosis, management, and therapy of SLE with emphasizing on NPSLE.
Exercise Aging and Health: A Proposal Course for Healthcare Professionals and Physical Activity Instructors
Authors: Rúbio Gouveia Élvio , R. Gouveia Bruna , Marques Adilson , Marconcin Priscila , Ihle Andreas
Published: December 2022

To live a long and healthy life is now considered the main challenge of geriatric medicine worldwide. Exercise, aging, and health are key research topics to maintain functional ability that has been considered one of the strongest predictors of independence in old age. Functional ability comprises the interaction between physical and mental capacities in a particular environment. Increasing physical activity is considered a key recommendation in sustainable policies and action programs for healthy aging. Evidence shows that physical activity impacts functional and cognitive abilities and social activities. The contents of training courses related to Exercise Aging and Health are responsible for ensuring an intervention focused on the needs of older people. Healthcare professionals, physical activity instructors, or other health professionals who work directly with older people may need to understand deeply demography, theories, and current policies on aging, physical, and functional changes associated with aging, physical-psychosocial relationships, contextual determinants of physical activity, and exercise prescription in the older population.
Applying Successive Wave Iterations to Evaluate Functions and Define Industrial Design Solutions
Authors: H.P. Setti Paulo , Canciglieri Junior Osiris
Published: December 2022

The search for competitive edges in the current industry has required conceptual changes in the policy for the development of new economically, environmentally and socially sustainable products. In this direction, assessing the functions of a product and associating them with its manufacturability aspects has been crucial for the cost reduction and for obtaining a more balanced design regarding the value that the customer perceives and the real cost of manufacturing each one of its functions. However, there are still no relevant studies that present the current state of the art regards methods that iteratively interrelate the integrated product development process phases. Firstly, this paper presents a systematic review and content analysis of recent research to define the current frontiers of study. As a second step, it is proposed a model oriented to balance between function value and solutions cost throughout the new products development. Then, to validate, the proposed model was applied to a real case of the consumer goods industry. Among the results, this chapter presents a report showing the relevance of the information collected, the feasibility of the method, its particularities, impacts and limitations.
Porphyrin Self-Assembled Nanostructures and Applications
Authors: Liu Shiqi , Li Zengyin , Tong Huiwei , Zhong Yong , Bai Feng
Published: December 2022

Porphyrins are a class of macromolecular heterocyclic compounds formed by the inter-carbon atoms of four pyrrole-like subunits through the submethyl bridge (〓CH∙). Porphyrin rings have 26 electrons in highly conjugated system and are easily modified peripheral structures, often serve as ideal building blocks to construct self-assembled nanostructures with excellent physical and chemical properties. Porphyrin nanostructures have excellent visible light absorption properties, which will significantly improve the efficiency of electron–hole separation, and are also commonly used in photocatalysis fields. Porphyrin photosensitizers have superior strong phototoxicity and little side effects, and are widely used in tumor photothermal/photodynamic treatment. This chapter summarizes the self-assembly methods of porphyrins, the applications progress of porphyrin self-assembled nanomaterials in photocatalysis and tumor therapy, and discusses the development trend in future of porphyrin nanomaterials.
Food Dehydration Recent Advances and Approaches
Authors: Riaz Sakhawat , Kabir Asifa , Haroon Aqsa , Ali Anwar , Faisal Manzoor Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Dehydration of organic material is undoubtedly a controlled attempt to conserve or construct a novel construct that will satisfy functional devotions. Food dehydration is reviewed in light of the latest progress in food materials research. Understanding the mechanics behind the drying process is crucial in food and agricultural product dehydration. Among the most crucial steps in preserving food is dehydration. Food drying innovations include photovoltaic, thermal imaging, microwave-assisted, and comparable hybrid technologies. According to a recent study, unique food dehydration technologies might increase drying efficiency by decreasing energy usage while improving product quality. Unique drying methods reduce food component degradation and create novel items for customers. Each method’s use of specific foods will be reviewed in this chapter.
Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobacteria as Sustainable Management Strategy in Agrobiology
Authors: Tariq Aqsa , Ahmed Ambreen
Published: December 2022

Phosphorous limits agricultural productivity due to its limited plant availability. Use of synthetic phosphate fertilizers disturbs soil fertility and ecosystem ecology as it contaminates environment. Plants have developed certain mechanisms to respond to P-scarcity, which involve release of specific chemical messengers through root exudates that attract rhizospheric phosphorbacteria to colonize plant root vicinity. Thus, use of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria/rhizobacteria (PSB/PSR) as biofertilizers is a safer approach toward sustainable agrobiology. These PSR are capable of solubilizing soil phosphate from insoluble to plant available form. Due to instability and slow movement of available phosphates in soils, they readily get incorporated with soil particles or chelates as metal complexes. In this scenario, PSR provide continuous chain of soluble phosphate to plants. PSR direct plant root system architecture toward available phosphate zones in soils. Moreover, there is an increased number of roots, root hair and lateral root, increase root absorbing surface area by increasing contact to soil particles. Hence, PSR-based root system morphology is a significant trait in measuring their agronomic efficiency. Moreover, PSB also possess phytostimulatory properties that significantly contribute to agricultural efficiency. Hence, the use of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can improve crop productivity by increasing soil P-mobility and soil fertility.
Drug-Induced Pigmentation
Authors: Arni C. Preclaro Ivan
Published: December 2022

Drug-induced pigmentation occurs in up to 20% of acquired pigmentary disorders of the skin. Association of its occurrence was reported in certain drugs, including alkylating/cytotoxic agents, analgesics, antiarrhythmics, anticoagulants, antiepileptics, antimalarials, antimicrobials, antiretrovirals, metals, prostaglandin analogs, and psychotropic agents, among others. Proposed mechanisms include (1) accumulation of melanin, (2) accumulation of drug, (3) generation of new pigment, and (4) deposition of iron. Though difficult to confirm the drug association, the history, with emphasis on currently used drugs, and clinical examination may guide practitioners to an accurate diagnosis. Treatment options include cessation of the drug, adequate sun protection, and non-ablative pigment lasers.
The “Irony” of Ferroptosis: A Review on Neurological Challenges
Authors: Munshi Chayan , Bhattacharya Shelley
Published: December 2022

Ferroptosis in recent days has gained high impact due to its implication in inducing several neurological challenges. Impairment of iron homeostasis (mainly surplus iron deposition) is the key reason for the induction of the ferroptotic cell death. This type of programmed cell death in the neurons can trigger neuropathological abnormalities. Ferroptosis has been given clinical importance, where biomedical researchers are working on the pathological detection of ferroptosis and finding clinical ways to arrest it. In this review, we have elucidated the impact of ferroptotic cell death on the pathophysiology of several neurological challenges.
Role of Herbal Medicine, Acupressure and Acupuncture in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Wal Ankita , Debnath Biplab , Verma Neha , Bhattacharya Sumanta , Shivajirao Solunke Rahul , Masih Uzzaman Khan Mohd , Wal Pranay
Published: December 2022

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disease that is characterized by a variety of symptoms that have a major negative impact on patients’ quality of life. It affects 9–23% of the total population of the world. At this time, no medication that is capable of addressing all symptoms associated with IBS in an effective manner (antispasmodics, antidiarrheals, sedatives). More than half of patients may seek treatment for their gastrointestinal problems via the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which includes treatments like herbal medicine, acupuncture, and acupuncture. The objective of this chapter is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a herbal preparation, acupuncture, and acupressure treatment in patients diagnosed with IBS. Several sources were used to acquire the material, including review articles published in various publications that had keywords such as herbal drugs, acupuncture, acupressure, IBS and so on. The information was also gathered from the Internet. Herbal therapy and plant products are widely utilized to treat IBS. Acupuncture and acupressure have long been used successfully by patients to treat functional gastrointestinal problems. Multiple clinical studies have shown that their effectiveness and safety are superior to those of placebo and conventional medications. Herbal medications, acupressure, or acupuncture show clinically and statistically significant alleviation of IBS symptoms.
The First Offer of Alcohol from the Adult Person and Cannabis Use
Authors: Nociar Alojz , Šaffová Stanislava
Published: December 2022

This chapter is based on the data from the national survey on tobacco, alcohol, and drugs among primary and secondary school students aged 15–19 implemented in eight regions of Slovakia during Spring 2018. An unexpected shift was observed in the relationship between the age young people were offered alcohol by an adult and the age when they first experienced its effect. In previous surveys, the mean age of the first offer predated the felt effect of alcohol (“tipsiness”) by about 1 year on average. Our data revealed that following the initial offer of alcohol by an adult, approximately ¾ of participants felt the effect of alcohol later or during the same year (groups 1 and 2); however, in the remaining cases, the effect was felt before alcohol was offered by an adult (group 3). Thus, it appears that one-fifth to one-quarter of participants did not go through the usual ritual of initiation by adults. The analysis showed that this group of participants used cannabis more often than the rest of the sample. Furthermore, there were differences observed among the three groups in reported school attendance, legal and illegal drug use, and bullying. Possible implications of these findings are discussed.
Garlic (Allium sativum L.): Characterization of Bioactive Compounds and Related Health Benefits
Authors: Lidiková Judita , Čeryová Natália , Tóth Tomáš , Musilová Janette , Vollmannová Alena , Mammadova Kushvara , Ivanišová Eva
Published: December 2022

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the greatest gifts of natural medicine and the oldest medicinal herbs that is cultivated all over the world. It is a widely used spice plant with well-known medicinal properties. Garlic is an important raw material of plant origin with observed and proven positive effects on the human body. A. sativum L. belongs to the most extensively studied medicinal herbs from genus Allium. In the past few decades, its biologically active compounds have been analyzed for their therapeutical properties. The most essential biologically active compound discovered in A. sativum is allicin, working synergistically with other phytochemicals in the prevention of many diseases. Preparation of garlic extractions can be done in liquid form and solid form. The composition and bioactivity of the extraction depend on the strain, age, method of preparation, and consumption method. When extracted and isolated, the bioactive compounds of garlic show a wide range of beneficial health effects: platelets inhibitory and antithrombic activities, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, antidiabetic, and antitumor. The present chapter describes botanical characterization of garlic, its chemical composition regarding bioactive compounds, and its health benefits.
Quality of Pork Meat Fed with Acorns (Quercus spp.)
Authors: G. Flores Paulina
Published: December 2022

Pork is one of the most popular foods in Chile. Consumers are concerned about their nutritional quality and about the characteristics of the production systems. Outdoor production systems are the most valued by consumers due to animal welfare conditions related to the nutritional quality of the product. On the other hand, intensive or traditional confined pig production systems represent an environment that alters the nutrients in meat products. For this reason, outdoor production systems become more important, especially when nuts (Quercus spp.) are included in pig feeding. Acorn nuts have a high level of fatty acids transferred to the meat, increasing flavor and juiciness. This proposal is a bibliographic review that will also include the advantage of controlling an invasive species, such as wild boar for a small producer in southern Chile, who could obtain a meat product with healthy fatty acids, favoring the sustainability of the ecosystem.
Application of Infrared Spectroscopy in the Characterization of Lignocellulosic Biomasses Utilized in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: El-Azazy Marwa , S. El-Shafie Ahmed , Al-Saad Khalid
Published: December 2022

Global economies are confronting major energy challenges. Mitigating the energy depletion crisis and finding alternative and unconventional energy sources have been subjects for many investigations. Plant-sourced biomasses have started to attract global attention as a renewable energy source. Maximizing the performance of the biomass feedstock in different applications requires the availability of reliable and cost-effective techniques for characterization of the biomass. Comprehending the structure of lignocellulosic biomass is a very important way to assess the feasibility of bond formation and functionalization, structural architecture, and hence sculpting of the corresponding structure−property liaison. Over the past decades, non-invasive techniques have brought many pros that make them a valuable tool in depicting the structure of lignocellulosic materials. The current chapter will be focused on the applications of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy especially in the mid-infrared region in the compositional and structural analysis of lignocellulosic biomasses. The chapter will provide a display of examples from the literature for the application of FTIR spectroscopy in finding the composition of various biomasses obtained from different parts of plants and applied for wastewater treatment. A comparison between biomasses and physically/chemically treated products will be discussed.
Integrated Weed Management in Coffee for Sustainable Agriculture – A Practical Brazilian Approach
Authors: Resende Fontes Daniel , de Paula Ribeiro Andrew , Rodrigues dos Reis Marcelo , Hiroko Inoue Miriam , Ferreira Mendes Kassio
Published: December 2022

Brazil is the largest coffee exporter in the world market and ranks second among coffee-consuming countries. The use of technology has been largely responsible for the great development of Brazilian agriculture in recent years. Then, the efficiency of integrated weed management has made the country more competitive in coffee farming. Therefore, integrated weed management (IWM) practices are the foundation for sustainable weed management in coffee fields. Weed competition cause losses in crop production. In weed control, besides chemical control, there are other methods that are efficient, economical, and beneficial to the coffee plant and to the environment that can be used on any property, such as preventive and cultural managements; and mechanical, biological, and physical controls. The combination of weed control methods has proven to be a sustainable practice in coffee production. In integrated management, the inherent advantages of each control method must be combined. Lastly, IWM provides an efficient control action with lower costs, better environmental conservation, and higher crop productivity. Thus, this chapter discusses the main practices of sustainable weed management in coffee, addressing issues such as competition, benefits, main weeds, and IWM systems.
Estudios de vivienda: la cátedra como coordinación entre disciplinas
Authors: Hernández Falagán David
Published: December 2022

The approach to living as an object of study stands out precisely because of the need for observation and interaction between multiple areas of knowledge. Sociology, economics, law, politics, geography, anthropology, architecture, urban planning, design, neighborhood planning, or real estate studies are part of the set of approaches that focus on the residential fact, as well as such as its implications and impact on the environment, social welfare or people’s health. The Barcelona Chair of Housing Studies is based on this holistic approach, from its own inter-university configuration, constituting itself as a polyhedral and transdisciplinary platform. The impact capacity of the Chair as a tool for social transformation will be deeply linked to the ability to integrate the greatest number and greatest possible diversity of approaches to housing research into its context.

La aproximación al habitar como objeto de estudio destaca precisamente por la necesidad de observación e interacción entre múltiples áreas de conocimiento. La sociología, la economía, el derecho, la política, la geografía, la antropología, la arquitectura, el urbanismo, el diseño, la planificación de barrios, o los estudios inmobiliarios forman parte del conjunto de aproximaciones, que enfocan el hecho residencial, así como sus implicaciones e impacto en el medio ambiente, el bienestar social o la salud de las personas. La Cátedra Barcelona de Estudios de Vivienda se fundamenta en esta aproximación holística, desde su propia configuración interuniversitaria, constituyéndose como una plataforma poliédrica y transdisciplinar. La capacidad de impacto de la Cátedra como herramienta de transformación social estará profundamente vinculada a la capacidad de integración en su contexto del mayor número y la mayor diversidad posible de aproximaciones a la investigación en vivienda.
Historical and morphological role of the Derzhprom building in Kharkiv, Ukraine
Authors: Duplantier Martin , Shtendera Andrii
Published: December 2022

The Derzhprom building was the first office building built in the Constructivist style. In addition, Derzhprom is endowed with unique architectural properties, which in many ways influenced the image of Soviet modernist architecture. Moreover, considering the number of workers on the construction site, which was more than 5,000, the entire enterprises created for the construction of Derzhprom, its role in the development of the region is also difficult to overestimate.

A whole series of adopted scaling decisions, on the one hand, create a coherent composition of Derzhprom itself and emphasize the building as the central element in Freedom Square, and it treats the buildings around them tolerantly, despite all the “otherness” of the architectural language, on the other.

The building has undergone several internal and external transformations, and even changed its silhouette, by adding new elements. Despite this, Derzhprom is still arguably the most significant architectural object in the identity and cultural heritage of the city for the vast majority of Kharkiv residents.
Los inicios de la Cátedra Barcelona de estudios de vivienda
Authors: Montaner Martorell José M.
Published: December 2022

The main objective of the Barcelona Chair of Housing Studies is the coordination and development of a wide variety of research, teaching, debate and dissemination activities around collective housing, acting as a hub for international relations from Barcelona.

The Chair starts from the certainty that the affordable housing crisis is already a recognized reality and addressed in the various empirical and academic investigations. Likewise, the essential characteristic of the housing crisis is that it is polyhedral, to the extent that it is a highly complex systemic problem, interconnected with multiple factors. Therefore, it is key to promote, coordinate, develop and reinforce such research and studies in our context.

El objetivo principal de la Cátedra Barcelona de Estudios de Vivienda es la coordinación y el desarrollo de muy diversas actividades de investigación, docencia, debate y difusión entorno a la vivienda colectiva, actuando como un hub de relaciones internacionales desde Barcelona.

La Cátedra parte de la certeza de que la crisis de la vivienda asequible es ya una realidad reconocida y abordada en las diversas investigaciones empíricas y académicas. Asimismo, la característica esencial de la crisis de la vivienda es que es poliédrica, en la medida que es un problema sistémico y de gran complejidad, interconectado con múltiples factores. Por lo tanto, es clave promover, coordinar, desarrollar y reforzar dichas investigaciones y estudios en nuestro contexto.
Portada Palimpsesto 24: la sustancia de lo efímero
Authors: Obiol Cecilia
Published: December 2022

Palimpsesto 24. The substance of the ephemeral

Portada Palimpsesto 24. La sustancia de lo efímero
Entrevista a Carme Pinós
Authors: Peñín Llobell Alberto
Published: December 2022

Carme Pinós welcomes us in the tranquility of her office at a time full of recognition and awards. The recent Premio Nacional de Arquitectura signifies the celebration of an exemplary personal career and an architecture that has been a reference for many of us for a long time.

Carme Pinós nos recibe en la tranqilidad de su despacho, en un momento plagado de reconocimientos y premios. El reciente Premio Nacional de Arquitectura significa la celebración de una carrera personal ejemplar y una arquitectura que es un referente para muchos de nosotros desde hace tiempo.
Biochemical factors associated with vegetative phase resistance against yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) in land races of rice
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, V. C. Farm, Mandya, Karnataka, India, CM Megha , L Vijaykumar ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, V. C. Farm, Mandya, Karnataka, India, B Shivanna ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, V. C. Farm, Mandya, Karnataka, India, SB Anusha ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Published: December 2022

A total of 50 local land races were screened against infestation of yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) at vegetative phase under natural infestation (0 to 65%) during kharif 2019. Among them 18 land races were selected from each category of resistance based on standard evaluation system for rice. The estimation of biochemical constituents in rice stem (60 days old plants) of different categories was done to establish a relationship between various biochemical components with resistance/ susceptibility. Studies revealed that higher amounts of total sugars, reducing sugars and crude proteins were found in susceptible lines compared to resistant land races and were positively correlated with stem borer infestation. Total free amino acids, total phenols and tannins were found to be higher in resistant than susceptible varieties and were negatively correlated. The mineral content in the stem viz., nitrogen was positively correlated whereas phosphorous and potassium were found in higher quantities in resistant categories (2.19 – 2.37%) than susceptible ones and were found to be negatively correlated with infestation of yellow stem borer (-0.95).
Line x tester analysis for deducing heterosis in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors:   Genetics and Plant Breeding, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India, K Modunshim Maring , - Madhu Bala ,   Genetics and Plant Breeding, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India, PB Patel ,   Main Rice Research Centre, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
Published: December 2022

An experiment consisting of twelve genotypes (four lines and eight testers) along with their thirty-two crosseswas conducted in Line x Tester design to study the heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for grain yieldper plant and its component traits in rice at Main Rice Research Centre, Navsari. The result indicated that significant heterosis in a desirable direction was observed in all the characters except days to 50% flowering where none of the crosses showed significant heterobeltiosis in a negative direction for this trait. The best heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for grain yield per plant was exhibited by the cross NVSR-453 x NVSR-475 followed by Gurjari x NAUR-1 and NVSR-453 x NVSR-409
Assessing the molecular variability in Ustilaginoidea virens, the rice false smut pathogen with ISSR markers
Authors:   ICAR‐Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, D Ladhalakshmi , A Yugander ,   Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany, GS Laha ,   ICAR‐Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, A Vijayasamundeeswari ,   Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology, TNAU, K Basavaraj ,   ICAR‐Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Balakrishnan Divya ,   ICAR‐Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, - Preeti ,   University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka., M Bhaskar ,   ICAR‐Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, MD Aparna ,   ICAR‐Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, MS Prasad ,   ICAR‐Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Published: December 2022

Rice false smut disease is gaining importance because of its impact on the grain yield and its toxin production ability. Fifty-eight isolates of Ustilaginoidea virens were collected from different rice-growing regions of India. DNA of U. virens was isolated by the CTAB method and fifty ISSR primers were screened for molecular variability studies. Twelve primers viz., UBC series 807, 808, 809, 810, 811, 812, 834, 835, 836, 840, 841, and 842 were selected to study the genetic variability. Different parameters of tested primers viz., heterozygosity (Hn), polymorphism information content (PIC), effective multiplex ratio (EMR), marker Index (MI), and resolving power (RP) were calculated. Primers UBC 812 and UBC 809 recorded maximum heterozygosity (Hn). The PIC values ranged from 0.10 to 0.27 and UBC 807 recorded the maximum value of 0.27. The EMR value varied from 6.75 to 24.0, Similarly, UBC 807 recorded the highest value of MI (24) and RP (8.55). A dendrogram was generated using the DARwin software (version 6.0.21A) based on the unweighted neighbor-joining cluster method. All the fifty-eight U. virens isolates were grouped into three major clusters. Clusters I and II had 21 and 35 U. virens isolates respectively. Cluster III had only two isolates. The isolates showed genetic variations and there was no specific grouping based on the geographical distance.