bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fruit orchards under climate change conditions: adaptation strategies and management
Authors: Abobatta Waleed Fouad
Published: July 2021

Under global warming and climate change conditions fruit orchards facing different environmental challenges which cause negative impacts on the growth and productivity of various fruit trees particularly in arid and semi-arid areas, various abiotic stress such as rising temperature, drought, heatwaves, and soil salinity represented a major challenge for growth and productivity of fruit orchards. Fruit trees used different strategies to cope with abiotic stress and minimize their adverse effects. Plants used different physiological, anatomical, and morphological mechanisms to tolerate abiotic stress, such as ion homeostasis, synthesis of more compatible solute, polyamines production, antioxidant regulation, closing stomata, in addition tol modification of root system, abscission of the leaves partially, compactness canopy, reducing leaf size, furthermore, under abiotic stress plants produce various organic solutes to cope with Reactive Oxygen solutes like Proline, in addition, using proper management practices that include providing adequate nutrients requirement particularly Potassium and Calcium, maintain soil moisture, using proper rootstocks tolerant for drought and salinity stress as well as exogenous application of plant growth substances could sustain orchards growth and productivity
Marine gastropods and bivalves in the mangrove swamps of Myeik Areas, Taninthayi region, Myanmar
Authors: Htwe Hein Zar
Published: July 2021

The study on species identification, distribution and occurrence of gastropods and bivalves from mangrove swamps of Myeik areas, such as Kyweku, Lighthouse, Inlaymyine and Pahtet were conducted during July 2013 to March 2014 to observe the diverse species, economic importance and their habitats. A total of 23 species belonging to 3 orders, 8 families, 14 genera of gastropods and 6 species belonging to 3 orders, 4 families, 6 genera of bivalves were recorded from the mangrove swamps of study areas. The diverse species of gastropods were found in Kyweku station followed by Lighthouse, Pahtet and Inlaymyine. The bivalves’ species were found in Lighthouse followed by Kyweku, Pahtet, and Inlaymyine.
Cowry shells of Andrew Bay in Rakhine coastal region of Myanmar
Authors: Oo Naung Naung
Published: July 2021

A total of 21 species of cowry shells belonging to genus Cypraea Linnaeus 1758 of family Cypraeidae falling under the order Mesogastropoda collected from field observation in 2014, were identified, using liquid-preserved materials and living specimens in the field, based on the external characters of shell structures. The specimens comprised Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, 1758, C. miliaris Gmelin, 1791, C. mauritiana Linnaeus, 1758, C. thersites Gaskoin, 1849, C. arabica Linnaeus, 1758, C. scurra Gmelin, 1791, C. eglantina Duclos, 1833, C. talpa Linnaeus, 1758, C. argus Linnaeus, 1758, C. erosa Linnaeus, 1758, C. labrolineata Gaskoin, 1849, C. caputserpentis Linnaeus, 1758, C. nucleus Linnaeus, 1758, C. isabella Linnaeus, 1758, C. cicercula Linnaeus, 1758, C. globulus Linnaeus, 1758, C. lynx Linnaeus, 1758, C. asellus Linnaeus, 1758, C. saulae Gaskoin, 1843, C. teres Gmelin, 1791 and C. reevei Gray, 1832. The distribution, habitats and distinct ecological notes of cowry shells in intertidal and subtidal zone of Andrew Bay and adjacent coastal areas were studied in brief.
Abundance and diversity of zooplankton in the Tigris River Northern of Basrah, Iraq
Authors: G Ajeel Shaker
Published: July 2021

Seasonally variations of the quality and quantity of zooplankton were studied in two stations in the terminal sector of Tigris River and one station at the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates area, in Al-Qurnah North of Basrah City, during October 2015 to August 2016. Samples of zooplankton were collected by plankton net (100µm. Mesh size). Salinity changed from 1% at St. 2 to 1.8% at St. 3, the pH varied from 7.5–8.2 and the dissolved oxygen from 6mg/l to 8.7 mg/l at St. 3 and St. 1 respectively. In study area the population density of zooplankton ranged between 20.3ind./m³ during Autumn and 243.41ind./m³ during Winter at station 1 (Al-Jewaber Bridge). The results showed that the Crustaceans were the dominated group that comprised 92.9%, 93.1% and 98.1% in study area respectively. Copepoda were the dominant in three stations, which constituted about 43.8% followed by Cladocera 35.2%, Cirripede larvae 7.2%, and Zoea of shrimp 4.2 % of the total zooplankton respectively. Maximum richness (D) of (1.66) was obtained at station 1 during summer and autumn and higher Diversity (H) of (1.41) was recorded at station 1 during spring, while higher evenness (J) of (0.70) was obtained at station 2 during summer. The Jaccard׳s index values were close and revealed a higher similarity between stations 1 and 2, and lower values between stations 1 and 3.
Challanges sustainable coastal tourism on Panjang Island
Authors: SH Hengky
Published: July 2021

The development of coastal tourism on Panjang Island greatly helped the socio-cultural development and socio-economic growth of coastal communities. On the one hand, the development on the island is very rapid, both in terms of industry and in terms of the business of coastal reclamation for the construction of hotels and housing with coastal nuances. As a result, environmental degradation has occurred which has prevented environmental-based coastal tourism. On the other hand, there is a decline in biodiversity growth. This study explores the challenges sustainable coastal tourism management efforts. In addition, this study will also look for factors that determine the business that helped efforts to improve the standard of living of coastal communities living in coastal areas.
Experiment on growth response and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of fishes by feeding BR Sludge from distillery spent wash at distillery factory in Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Tun Myo Min
Published: July 2021

The two freshwater fishes, the catfish Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1822) and the catla fish Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822)were experimented in small culture ponds for growth response and feed conversion ratio during the study period from October 2018 to January 2019. The Pangasius pangasius fish growth rates of test and control ponds were almost equal. The control growth rates of Catla catla fish were higher than the test pond. Among these fishes, the fish Catla catla was the soft bottom habitat and they preferred mud bottom sediments. Among them, the growth rates of fish Catla catla was less than other species. The FCR values of the test ponds are 12.7 of Pangasius pangasius fish and 21.5 of Catla catla fish. The FCR values of the control ponds are 14.9 of Pangasius pangasius fish and 23.8 of Catla catla fish. In the present study, the results of FCR values are very useful for BR Sludge from Distillery Spent Wash. The feeding ratio (FCR) of test ponds is less than control ponds that is very good useful for these culture fishes.
A comprehensive review on polymeric micelles: a promising drug delivery carrier
Authors: Kumar Ajay
Published: July 2021

The main aim of drug delivery systems is to regulate the rate of drug release as per the patient's physiological conditions as well as the progression of the illness or as per the circadian rhythms. To achieve such objectives, the new drug delivery systems have been developed to provide the drug release profile, which is based on each patient's needs. Different researches have been done to create drug delivery carriers, focusing on targeting and delivering hydrophobic drug molecules. This review focuses on Polymeric Micelles as the promising drug delivery carrier due to its high stability, protective property against the harsh gastrointestinal environment.
Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD)presenting as regression of puberty–a rare presentation of a rare disease
Authors: Sarkar Suman , Sonthalia Nikhil , Saha Sukanya , Roy Nirmalya , Pathak Ankan , Bhattacharjee Kingshuk
Published: July 2021

Here we present a case of young female who presented to us with secondary amenorrhea causing regression of puberty which is quite uncommon as a presentation of FCPD which is occasionally encountered in our day to day clinical practice. The aim of this communication is to keep a high index of suspicion and to keep FCPD as a possible aetiology which can lead to regression of puberty.
Coexistence of myasthenia gravis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: case report in Colombia and literature review
Authors: Gomez Natalia
Published: July 2021

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) are antibody-mediated channelopathies caused by complex immunological mechanisms, which are thus associated with multiple autoimmune diseases. This paper describes the case of a Colombian male patient with a history of seropositive MG that required thymectomy. After four years, he had an Optic Neuritis event and 30 years later, due to suspected autoimmune comorbidities, further investigations were performed, confirming the coexistence of NMOSD with presence of Anti-Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies (Abs). Several reports in the literature show that the coexistence of these two pathologies is more common than expected by chance. Few cases have been reported in Latin America, which makes this report meaningful. In contrast to our case, the literature shows a higher incidence among women, but, on the other hand, it is consistent with an onset with mild or moderate MG symptoms at the clinical presentation, most of which led to thymectomy, followed by manifestations of NMOSD. Timely diagnosis and the consequent therapeutic adjustment may have a significant impact on the disability of these patients. There is a need for more reports in order to extend the statistical information and to improve the characterization of these patients, primarily in our Latin American region.
The role of neurological involvement in malignant tissues: architecture deterioration as a new medical hypothesis explaining cancer progression
Authors: Alkhatib Ahed J
Published: July 2021

In this study, we reported our previous observations and perceptions regarding the involvement of neurological components in the malignant tissues. We used to examine different tissues with malignancy, and we observed increased involvement of neurological components as peripheral nerves. At the beginning, no plausible explanation to such phenomenon. Later, we showed in diabetic rat model that white matter was involved in diabetic progression through the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the down-regulation of heat shock protein70 (HSP70). We extended our investigations in other organs in the same model including kidney, liver, testes, and prostate. We found the same phenomenon of the expression of iNOS and HSP70 in the tissues of these organs. We also observed that there was a deterioration of tissue architecture due to diabetic effects. We think that this deterioration may result from the neurological involvement in these tissues. However, because diabetes may result in initiation of some tumors such as endometrium cancer, deterioration of tissue architecture and neurological involvement are becoming more importantly. This study aimed to introduce our hypothesis in this issue “Architecture deterioration as a new medical hypothesis explaining cancer progression”. We also reviewed the relevant literature.
Clinical and prognostic features of cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Katabwa Joe Kabongo , Mukuku Olivier , Kabika Elie , Lwamba Guy Kandja , Mpoy Charles Wembonyama , Mutombo, André Kabamba , Mwamba Claude Mulumba , Wembonyama Stanislas Okitotsho
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Cerebral toxoplasmosis is the main opportunistic infection of the central nervous system (CNS) during in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection. The purpose of this study is to describe current epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic, and prognostic features of cerebral toxoplasmosis during HIV-infection in hospital setting in Lubumbashi. Methods: This descriptive and analytic study examined the records of 21 HIV-positive patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis. Data were collected over 36 months (from January 2015 to December 2017) at the HIV/AIDS Center of Excellence in Lubumbashi (Democratic Republic of the Congo). Results: Twenty-one patients on 4,283 followed for HIV-infection completed the diagnostic criteria (a prevalence of 0.5%) with a sex ratio (M / F) of 1.3 and a mean age of 41.0±6 years. Major clinical manifestations were fever (100%), headaches (100%), motor deficit (61.9%), intracranial hypertension (47.6%), seizures (47.6%), and disorders of consciousness (42.9%). Cerebral imaging studies (4 Computed tomography scan) were performed and showed hypodensities with peripheral enhancement by cockade in 75% of the cases. The mean CD4 T-cell counts was 180.6±161.9 cells / mm3. Co-trimoxazole was the main anti-toxoplasma drug in all cases. The lethality rate was 42.9%. Conclusion: Early detection and primary prevention in HIV-infected patients remain essential to improve the prognosis and survival of these patients.
Changes in the concentration of chloride ions in the Volga water (section of the Zhigulevsky hydroelectric complex)
Authors: Seleznev VA , Selezneva AV , Bespalova KV
Published: July 2021

For a quantitative assessment of changes in the concentration of chlorides, an analysis of the data of hydrological and hydrochemical observations obtained on the Volga River in the alignment of the Zhigulevsky hydroelectric complex was carried out. For the period 2001-2018 the average annual concentration of chlorides was 27mg/dm3, the highest –31mg/dm3, and the lowest - 24mg/dm3. The chloride content was characterized by seasonal variability. During the winter season, the concentration of chlorides increased. The maximum was observed in April, before the beginning of the spring flood. During the spring flood, the chloride concentration decreased, reaching the lowest values ​​in May at the peak of the spring flood. In the summer, the concentration of chlorides gradually increased, and in the autumn, it decreased. The intra-annual amplitude of the average monthly concentrations of chlorides was 14-42mg/dm3. Such significant intra-annual changes in chlorides in the outlet section of the Kuibyshev reservoir are due to the interaction of the surface and underground components of the water flow of the Cheboksary and Nizhnekamsk reservoirs. In low-water years, the concentration of chlorides increased, and in high-water years, it decreased.
Characteristics of economic indicators of growing common carp x amur wild carp hybrids of different genesis in the conditions of industrial hybridization
Authors:   State Enterprise Research Farm “Lviv Experimental Station”, Velykyi Lubin, Kuts U. , Kurinenko H. ,   Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv, Buriak I. ,   Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv, Tuchaps’kyi Ya. ,   Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv, Hrytsyniak I. ,   Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv
Published: July 2021

Purpose. To determine main indicators of economic efficiency in the cultivation of age-1 common carp x Amur wild carp hybrids of different genesis in the conditions of industrial hybridization. Methodology. The material for the study were yearlings of common carp x Amur wild carp hybrids produced from age-8 and 9 Amur wild carp males of different genesis. Cultivation of experimental yearlings was carried out in pond conditions of the Lviv Research Station of the Institute of Fisheries of NAAS. The calculations were performed according to generally accepted methods in economics. Analysis of economic efficiency was based on actual indicators of economic activity of the cultivation of yearlings of common carp x Amur wild carp hybrids taking into account current market prices for fish seeds. Findings. The study identified factors, which affected profit obtained as a result of the production process of growing offspring of new genesis. The most economically promising hybrids, which were obtained as a result of crossing common carp females and Amur wild carp males of different genesis were identified. Growing yearlings of common carp x Amur wild carp hybrids produced from crossing Galician and Lubin carp females with cryo-males of Amur wild carp allows the company to obtain higher conditional profit (6655 and 7412 UAH) and ensure an increase in profitability up to 27.74-28.12% by reducing a production unit cost to 46.8-47.0 UAH. Originality. For the first time, the indicators of economic efficiency of growing yearlings of common carp x Amur wild carp hybrids produced from two genetically different groups of brood Amur wild carp (age-8 and 9) were analyzed. Main indicators of the formation of the cost mechanism in production, which comprehensively characterize the efficiency of resource use and the technical level of the production process, were identified. The economic expediency of growing yearlings of common carp x Amur wild carp hybrids of different genesis in the conditions of industrial hybridization was proved. Practical value. Study results have both theoretical and practical importance and can be used in further studies to develop technology for growing common carp x Amur wild carp hybrids of different genesis in modern conditions. Keywords: yearlings, productivity, cost elements, prime cost, profit, profitability.
La tragedia de Xicohténcatl (1823) de José María Moreno Buenvecino: romanticismo mexicano emancipador
Authors: Luna Tolentino José Oscar
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo trabajaré las características estéticas que se desarrollan en la obra de teatro titulada: Xicohténcatl, publicada en 1823, por José María Moreno Buenvecino. Con base en los estudios especializados del Romanticismo por Isaiah Berlin, Antonio Candido, Cecilia Miranda Cárabes y Jorge Ruedas de la Serna, indicaré cuáles son los rasgos estéticos en esta pieza dramática. Su autor intentó reivindicar la figura de este héroe tlaxcalteca, en el sentido de buscar las raíces de nuestra mexicanidad, en esos primeros años de independencia de nuestra nación, enfocar y mostrar el sentido de “libertad de pensamiento y sentimiento”. Con este trabajo pretendo realizar un aporte a las letras del siglo XIX, de nuestro país, ya que esta es una obra prácticamente desconocida que tuve la fortuna de transcribir del Fondo Reservado de la Biblioteca Nacional de México; espero que llegue a ser una obra un poco más conocida, y dado el caso se reedite, y sobre todo, se lleve a escena para su representación.
La lengua ante una nueva realidad social de la mujer: construcción del género en portavoza y árbitra
Authors: Albitre Lamata Paula
Published: July 2021

En el presente trabajo se analizan las relaciones entre lengua, sociedad e ideología. Para ello, se ha estudiado la evolución de dos femeninos de profesiones (portavoza y árbitra) en tres corpus del español (CORDE, CREA y CORPES XXI) y en las distintas ediciones de los diccionarios de la Academia. Los resultados reflejan que los cambios sociohistóricos que afectaron a las mujeres a lo largo del siglo XX condicionan la marcación del género femenino, ya sea a través de la concordancia o de la forma flexionada. Desde una perspectiva lexicológica, se reflexiona sobre los supuestos epistemológicos del sexismo lingüístico que subyacen en la lengua española y, más en concreto, en la categoría de género.
Language Attitudes Towards Spanish and English in Puerto Rico
Authors: González-Rivera Melvin
Published: July 2021

This article analyzes language attitudes towards Spanish and English in Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory since 1898, and seek to answer the following three questions: are Spanish and English conflicting elements in the Puerto Rican society? Is Spanish a symbol of identity for Puerto Ricans? Does bilingualism represent a threat to the ethno-sociolinguistic existence of Puerto Ricans? By examining an online questionnaire on language attitudes completed by participants living in Puerto Rico, I argue that for Puerto Ricans bilingualism is becoming more prevalent and many of them are increasingly accepting both languages, Spanish and English, without questioning or denying the fact that Spanish is their mother tongue.
El sí mismo y su conocimiento en la Bhagavad Gītā: la tradición sacrificial interiorizada
Authors: Martino Gabriel
Published: July 2021

En el presente trabajo ofrecemos un análisis de la concepción del sí mismo y de su conocimiento en la Bhagavad Gītā, y de la relación que estas nociones tienen con la reinterpretación del sacrificio védico presente en el tratado. Para llevar a cabo tal análisis, nos fundamos sobre la hipótesis de la composición estratificada del texto, propia de los estudios histórico-críticos, y centramos nuestro examen en el denominado estrato upaniṣadico. Nuestra metodología recurre al análisis del texto en su lengua original, el sánscrito, e interpretamos los pasajes examinados tomando en cuenta el carácter intertextual de la obra. Nuestras conclusiones procuran no solo esclarecer los conceptos analizados sino también mostrar que el estrato upaniṣadico de la Bhagavad Gītā habría evidenciado una concepción monista de la realidad propia del sāṃkhya pre-clásico.
Extract hidden patterns in students' academic information to improve the curriculum by using data mining
Authors: Amerioon Saeide , Hosseini Mohammad Mehdi , Moradi Mahshid
Published: July 2021

Educational data mining is an emerging exquisite field that has been successfully implemented in higher education. One of the best ways to increase the efficiency of this emerging phenomenon is to select efficient professors and effective teaching methods. This study is intended to show academic success factors to have better management in student curriculum, contextualizing the progress and to prevent unfavorable conditions for students. In this research, students of Shahrood University of Technology were studied. Initially, 3,765 samples of students' educational background were considered. Then, pre-processing was performed to make the data normalized. Next, several predictive models were developed using a supervised data mining approach. Next, five algorithms by the best result were selected. Comparing the results of algorithms applied to data, the two algorithms, radial basis function network and the Naïve Bayes with respectively value F-measure 0.929 and 0.942 showed more accurate results. Finally, the most effective feature was selected, the attributes ‘maximum semester’ and ‘the total number of units dropped’ were ranked an the most important, and the three attributes of ‘the basic courses average’, ‘the number of units of main courses’ and ‘the total average’, were placed in the next ranks.
Information Technology deployment in Human Resource Management: A case study in deprived regions
Authors: Akpamah Peter , Matkó Andrea
Published: July 2021

In recent years, managers of both private and public organizations in developing countries have been struggling to double production and improve service delivery in their organizations. Successful organizations in the western world were, however, identified with the use of Information Technology (IT). The paper examined the magnitude of IT and its application in human resource management. Four organizations from private and public sectors were selected from all. Two organizations from each sector, members of staff, Human Resource (HR) professionals and managers of these organizations were targeted. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the staff and unstructured interviews were designed to gather data from the HR practitioners and managers of these organizations. A statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. In general, about 76.9% of the participants said that IT application in HR functions enhances organizational productivity. The selected organizations could boast of basic IT facilities, but their numerical strength still remains a challenge especially among organizations in the public sector. Organizations in both sectors must invest more in IT and its related accessories as a means of solving problem of inadequacy. Internet connectivity and company website were lacking in some organizations across both sectors and should be considered so as to improve upon the human resource functions and quality service delivery in the deprived regions of Ghana. Staff motivation, wage and salaries, strategic management and organizational leadership were mentioned as factors when put together with IT would augment productivity in any given economy.
Statistical inference for doubly geometric process with exponential distribution
Authors: PEKALP Mustafa Hilmi , EROĞLU İNAN Gültaç , AYDOĞDU Halil
Published: July 2021

The geometric process is widely applied as a stochastic monotone model in many practical applications since its introduction. However, it sometimes does not satisfy some requirements in the real-world applications due to model limitations. For this reason, it is proposed a new stochastic model which is called doubly geometric process. In the applications of the doubly geometric process, the estimation problem associated with the process arises naturally. In this study, the statistical inference problem for the doubly geometric process is considered by assuming that the distribution of the first interarrival time has an exponential distribution. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the model parameters of the doubly geometric process and the parameter of distribution. The joint distribution of the maximum likelihood estimators is obtained. A simulation study is presented to evaluate the small sample performance of the estimators with different parameter values. Finally, three real-world-data sets are used to illustrate the applicability of the methods.
Effectiveness of Selected Exercise Programme on Cervical Range of Motion in Patients with Thoracic Kyphosis & Forward Head Posture
Authors:   MPT-Orthopedics, Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India., Dhiman Monika , Paul Maman ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
Published: July 2021

Background: Altered postural behaviours result in Forward head posture and thoracic kyphosis making it amenable to correction. The biomechanical strain, in presence of reduced strength of the core stabilizing musculature, in particular, if it is repeated or prolonged, is the predominant explanation for symptoms associated with forward head posture and thoracic kyphosis i.e., neck pain and reduced cervical range of motion. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the effect of postural awareness and conventional exercises on the cervical range of motion in patients with thoracic kyphosis and forward head posture. Methodology: This experimental study was conducted on 60 subjects both male and female of age group 20-35yrs. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups consisting of 30 subjects each. Group A received hot pack and postural advice and Group B received hot pack and stretching and strengthening exercises. All the subjects received a total intervention of 4 days (alternate days) per week for 4 weeks. Results: Intra-group significant differences were obtained between pre- and post-treatment for all evaluated variables (p˂0.01) in both groups. The inter-group comparison showed significant differences (p˂0.01) between post-treatment variables of Group A and Group B where, Group B showed greater improvement than Group A. Conclusion: The treatment given to both the groups together can be used to improve cervical range of motion, thoracic kyphosis, and forward head posture. This study may serve as a guideline for physiotherapists when making decisions regarding possible interventions. KEY WORDS: Cervical range of motion, Craniovertebral angle, Forward head posture, Kyphosis index, Neck disability index, Thoracic kyphosis.
Residual Wastewater Treatment by an Aquatic Plant System in Tropical Area: Assessment of Arundo Donax and Pennisetum Purpureum Schumach
Authors: MK Fidele , P Audra
Published: July 2021

This study examines the potential of two local reed species (Arundo donax and Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) from Uíge province, Angola, to purify wastewater from the Kimpa Vita University Campus, under a vertical flow regime, and in a tropical climate. The assessment performance of these macrophytes is based on an experimental system with three plastic basins, with a capacity of 84 L each, containing a 0.25 m-thick layer of gravel and topped with a layer of sand of 0.1 m. The first basin is planted with Arundo donax, the second with Pennisetum p. Schumach, and the last is without vegetation cover. The obtained results show that the effluent treated by the planted filters has a better mineralization, with a satisfactory Chemical Demand for Oxygen (COD), unlike the unplanted filter. Indeed, the action of the roots and rhizomes allows a significant elimination of nutrients, although the average abatement in Biochemical Demand for Oxygen for five days (BOD5 ) of the whole system is low. In addition, the microbiological elimination of faecal coliforms is good on average and the effluents purified by these filters are clear and odorless. The planted filter of Arundo donax allows better elimination of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and enterococci compared to that of Pennisetum p. Schumach.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among Pupils towards Hand Washing in Basic Schools-Ombadda Locality-Khartoum State
Authors: AM Hussein , A Salih , S Adam , A Khattab , A Burma
Published: July 2021

Proper hand washing technique is very easy to learn and can significantly reduce the infectious diseases among children. This descriptive crosssectional school-based study was conducted in Ombadda locality Khartoum State Sudan, with an objective to study the knowledge, attitude and practices among basic schools pupils towards hand washing. A sample size of 400 pupils was determined using statistical formula, data were collected using interview and observation, and a pre-prepared and pre-tested questionnaire, and data were analyzed using SPSS. The majority of the pupils 95% knew the proper way of hand washing with soap and water, 96% knew the appropriate times for hand washing, sixty five percent of the pupils knew the benefits of hand washing and 88.2% knew diseases related to the practice of not washing hands. The twenty five percent of the pupil’s information about hand washing is from family members, 94.8% had positive attitude towards hand washing with soap and water, 70.3% of the pupils practice hand washing with soap and water at appropriate times, 39.5% practice hand washing in time ranged.
Municipal Courts and Environmental Justice in South African Local Government
Authors: Molaiwa Andrew
Published: July 2021

Environmental injustice is part and parcel of the fundamentals of international and domestic environmental law. In South Africa, section 2(4)(c) of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 (NEMA) establishes environmental justice (EJ) as part of the environmental management principles to direct decision-making. This is particularly relevant because of the country’s legacy of continuing environmental injustices and inequalities, especially concerning natural-resource dependent services and benefits. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 further establishes a developmental local government (DLG) of which the objects are to ensure a safe and healthy environment, sustainable delivery of services, promotion of social and economic development as well as public participation in decision-making. These objects are complemented by section 24 environmental right in the Bill of Rights. 

Municipal service delivery of water and sanitation, electricity, land matters and municipal health, should supplement, not compromise the state of local communities' environment and access should be equal. The absence of the latter may result in the form of environmental injustice as has been described by authors such as Bullard, McDonald and Schlosberg. In the event of service delivery-related environmental injustices, it is to be expected that communities must have remedial options available.  One of which may be accessible to the judicial system.  

Therefore, this paper focuses on and explains the role that Municipal Courts specifically may play in fortifying the relationship between municipal service delivery and improved grass-root level environmental justice in South Africa. The underlying question is whether such courts can be agents of (environmental) change where local communities are exposed to environmental harm as a consequence of the failure of municipal services or the environmentally harmful actions of other community members or local industries.
Text and Reality in Soviet “Sociological Poetics” of the 1920s
Authors: Korchinsky Anatoly
Published: July 2021

The article considers several scientific metaphors describing the regularities of relations between literature and reality in the Soviet “sociological” literary theory of the 1920s. The most productive of these conceptual metaphors — reflection and refraction — reveal the features of key Marxist theories — Plekhanov, Lenin, Friche, Pereverzev, Medvedev, Bakhtin, Voloshinov, etc. The tendency towards the development of universal scientific laws as applied to cultural phenomena, which is characteristic of the epoch, is noted, in particular, the leveling of the author's role in the historical and literary process and the critical potential of art associated with it. There are analyzed the different strategies of interpretation of basic theoretical metaphors interpreted, first of all, as reflection/ refraction of social reality in literature. Two aspects of the problem of reflection/refraction are discussed — ontological, implying a “true image” of reality, and epistemological, which assumes that literature reproduces not the reality itself, but the social optics of its understanding. The author of the article shows that optical metaphors make it possible to understand which theories imply greater dependence of the literature on prevailing social notions, and which ones — greater independence, flexibility and variability of the law of reflection/refraction. In this light, the poles of “sociological poetics” — the theory of Friche and Pereverzev — are considered as sequential versions of ideological determinism, Lenin's approach as a kind of deconstruction of literary ideology, and the method of “Bakhtin's circle” as the most soft version of “sociologism”, which combines it with some provisions of the formal school.
What is “Restrained” by the katechon? The Finitude of the State in Conservative and Socialist Thought
Authors: Budraitskis Ilya
Published: July 2021

The concept of katechon (“that which withholds”), essential to both the theological tradition and modern political philosophy, originates in Second Thessalonians by Paul the Apostle. This withholding force which resists the coming of the end times has often been identified with the Roman Empire (and later with the Christian imperial state), the latter seen as a protected space that enabled the spread of the Good Tidings. This mission of containment, on the one hand, endowed the state with a sacred character, but on the other, it marked the state's finitude and imperfection. By withholding time, the katechon does not remove but preserves contradictions and heterogeneity, accepting its incompleteness as the burden of its own mission. In its secularized form, the restraining state conceives of society as an antagonistic space of struggle and conflict, and the function of political power is linked to the establishment of a temporal equilibrium with historically contingent and relative forms. In conservative thought, the katechon state guards society from unifying equality and rationalization, and individuals from the illusion of perfection and moral harmony. The understanding of the state as a force that rises above the disparate elements of society and preserves it against its inherent chaos was also at the core of the Marxist concept of the state. This article, based on a wide range of authors (T. Hobbes, K. Marx, K. Schmitt, K. Leontiev, D. Agamben) will consider conservative and leftist interpretations of the state, which accept and develop the idea of katechon and its interpretations not directly connected with the concept of state power.
Moral Obligation of Charity and “Famine, Affluence and Morality” by Peter Singer
Authors: Vernikovskaya Anna , Pleshkov Alexey
Published: July 2021

The article is intended to introduce the reader to the historical and polemical contexts of the seminal essay “Famine, Affluence and Morality” (1972) by Peter Singer, which appears in Russian for the first time. The authors analyze Singer's argumentation in the perspective of the development of his views, determine the relevant historical and philosophical context of the paper, and outline the key lines of criticism of Singer's approach. This allows us to look more closely at the problem of global poverty and the individual moral obligations of affluent agents.
National Philosophy: Two of a Kind. Review of “European Vocabulary”
Authors: Markov Alexander
Published: July 2021

Review of: Kassen, B., ed. 2021. [in Ukrainian]. Vol. 5 of Evropeys’kiy slovnik fіlosofіy [European Dictionary of Philosophy] : leksikon neperekladnostey [The Lexicon of Untranslatable]. 5 vols. Kiïv: Dukh i litera.
The Influence of K. Bücher – E. Meyer Controversy on Russian (Soviet) Historical Thought 1890–1920s
Authors: Emelianov Evgeny
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the influence of the polemics of E. Meyer and K. Bücher on Russian (Soviet) historians and economists in the 1890–1920s. It has been established that in the pre-revolutionary period of the development of Russian historical thought, Bucher's ideas about the steady progress of the economy and society had less influence on it than Meyer's ideas about the cyclical development of the historical process. It is shown that, despite the political views of their creators, the concepts of Bucher and Meyer were popular among Russian Marxists in the pre-revolutionary period. It was noted that this was due to the fact that many Russian Social Democrats perceived Marxism as a scientific methodology open to the integration of new scientific concepts, and not as a dogmatized singular correct teaching. It is shown that the ideas of Bücher and Meyer had a significant impact on Soviet historical thought in the 1920s. It is concluded that this influence is explained by the preservation of certain elements of pre-revolutionary social democratic thought in it and its organic inclusion in the European intellectual space of the first third of the 20th century. It is noted that ideological self-isolation and the subsequent formation of the Marxist canon in the 1930s led to a weakening of the intellectual influence of modern European thought on Soviet historical science.
«Игроки» на «аренах»: анализ взаимодействий в городских локальных конфликтах (случай Санкт-Петербурга и Москвы)
Authors: Желнина Анна , Тыканова Елена
Published: July 2021

В статье предпринят сравнительный анализ полей городской политики в Москве и Санкт-Петербурге. Основной для анализа стала уникальная база данных конфликтов, произошедших в этих городах в 2012–2014 гг., содержащая информацию о взаимодействиях всех участников согласования интересов в ходе реализации спорных градостроительных проектов, а также материалы интервью с экспертами и лидерами протестных инициатив. Опираясь на теорию полей стратегического действия и стратегическую интеракционную перспективу, авторы рассматривают московскую и петербургскую городскую политику как отдельные поля, в которых формируются и развиваются особые конфигурации интерактивных арен, гражданские инфраструктуры и отношения между игроками-участниками политического процесса. Московское поле городской политики характеризуется наличием крупных федеральных градостроительных проектов, большим «весом» городских чиновников в качестве контрагентов протестующих, тогда как Санкт-Петербург обладает сравнительно меньшим городским бюджетом и вынужден привлекать бизнес-инвесторов для будущего развития городских территорий. В совокупности, эти характеристики городов определяют конфигурации возникающих в них конфликтных взаимодействий. Проанализировав динамику взаимодействий игроков-участников градостроительных конфликтов, мы выделили следующие сценарии их развития: «отчаянный горожанин», «экспертный бой», «сильный нападающий», «слабый нападающий», «фрагментация интересов» и «широкий альянс». Данные сценарии предполагают разные форматы выстраивания альянсов игроков (или указывают на отсутствие таких коалиций), различия в выборе «формальных» и / или «ситуативных» арен взаимодействия, разную степень радикальности действий игроков. Сценарии также различаются по вероятности исходов конфликта. Так, стратегии «широкий альянс» и «слабый нападающий» предоставляют больше шансов на удовлетворение требований протестующих против спорного проекта. Выделенные сценарии являются скорее идеальными аналитическими типами, тогда как в эмпирической реальности мы нередко наблюдаем сочетание элементов того или иного сценария в каждом отдельно взятом случае.
«Реальная утопия» без брехни. Как связать право, этику и базовый доход?
Authors: Павлов Александр
Published: July 2021

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The mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between executive functions and self-regulations of gifted and nongifted students
Authors: YAVUZ Oğuzhan , YUKAY YÜKSEL Müge
Published: July 2021

The main purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between executive functions and self-regulation of students with and without in the Science and Art Center (SaC) (called BILSEM in Turkish) which trained gifted students at Turkey. The study is a descriptive study in which predictive correlational research, one of the types of correlational research model, is used. The study group of the research consisted of the students studying in the province of Istanbul in the 2020-2021 academic year. In the sample, 6,7 and 8th grade students who are gifted in SaC (59 females, 64 males in total 123) and those who are not in SaCs (89 males 95 females, 184) 6, 7th and 8th grade students are included. Appropriate sampling method was used for participation in the study. In the study, Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) Parent Form, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and The Adolescent Self-Regulatory Inventory (ASRI) were used. In the research, the data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro plug-in of Hayes with the SPSS 20 package program.For the mediation model created in line with the results, Bootstrap method was used to see the indirect effects. In the study, also the moderated mediation effect model analysis was used to. İn result, the direct, indirect and total effects of emotion regulation difficulties were found to be statistically significant in the relationship between executive functions and self-regulation skills of secondary school students with and without in SaC. It has been observed that the moderated variable with and without in SaC or not a significant effect on the indirect effect.
Long-period seismographs
Authors: Benioff Hugo
Published: July 2021

Descriptions and theories of a number of different seismographs developed particularly for recording of very long-period seismic waves are presented. These include (1) electromagnetic strain seismograph with galvanometer of 8 minutes period and photographic recording; (2) displacement transducer strain seismometer with resistance-capacitance network and short-period galvanometer photographic recorder or with ink-writing recorder; (3) electromagnetic pendulum seismometer with RC network having transfer characteristic of a long-period galvanometer recorder or a heated stylus visible writer; (4) electromagnetic pendulum with period increased tenfold or more using shunt capacitance; and (5) electromagnetic pendulum with condenser-lengthened period and triple RC integrating network recording with either heated stylus visible writer, ink writer, or short-period galvanometer photographic recorder.
On the shear response of a two-dimensional truncated wedge subjected to an arbitrary disturbance
Authors: Ambraseys N. N.
Published: July 2021

The present work consists of a theoretical investigation of the shear response of a truncated two-dimensional elastic wedge subject to an arbitrary disturbance. Expressions are derived for the deflections and shears which develop in the wedge owing to an imposed time-dependent disturbance. The frequencies of the wedge are derived for the six first modes of oscillation and are given graphically for different degrees of truncation for the one and two-dimensional cases. The solution derived is applicable to earthquake engineering problems, in particular to those dealing with the seismic stability of earth dams and embankments. The concept of strong ground-motion spectra is introduced and its advantages and limitations are discussed briefly.
Note on the variational and homogeneous layer approximations for the computation of Rayleigh-wave dispersion
Authors: Press Frank , Takeuchi Hitoshi
Published: July 2021

An earlier study of upper mantle structure using a variational method is repeated using the homogeneous layer approximation programmed for an electronic digital computer to obtain dispersion curves. The dispersion curves computed by the two methods differ significantly but systematically so as to yield the same conclusion about the presence of the Gutenberg low-velocity zone in the upper mantle.
The use of galvanometers as band-rejection filters in electromagnetic seismographs
Authors: Pomeroy Paul W. , Sutton George H.
Published: July 2021

The large-amplitude intermediate-period, 4-9 seconds, microseisms are effectively removed from high-magnification long-period seismograms with maximum magnification near 50 seconds period. This has been accomplished by the use of a galvanometer of natural period in the microseism range as a band-rejection filter. Addition of the filter galvanometer greatly increases the usefulness of these instruments for studies of long-period microseisms and for clear detection and resolution of the long-period components of both body and surface waves from small shocks at very great distances. Magnification equations and theoretical magnification curves show that extremely high sensitivities for desired periods and low sensitivities for undesired periods can be obtained by combining one or more filter galvanometers in seismograph systems, varying the damping constants and natural periods of the components, and varying the coupling between the components. Also, by proper choice of instrument parameters, undesired periods can be rejected without appreciable modification of the seismograph magnification for periods outside the rejection band.
On the propagation of the Lg phase
Authors: Herrin Eugene , Richmond Jean
Published: July 2021

Empirical determinations of the mean surface velocity of Lg indicate a range from 3.47 to 3.54 km/sec., with one set of velocities off the east coast of Mexico as low as 3.20 km/sec. Computations based on ray theory show that Lg with these velocities may be shear waves guided in the upper crust by an alternation of refractions and surface reflections. The slower velocities would result from shear waves traveling almost entirely in the sedimentary layer. Polarization of Lg is related to the angle at which the guided shear waves are incident at the surface.

Calculations show that Lg would travel in a continental crust covered by a considerable thickness of water, thus supporting the hypothesis that the absence of Lg indicates that an oceanic crust underlies such bodies of water as the Gulf of Mexico.

All computations were run on the Univac 1103 at Southern Methodist University.
The Alaska earthquake of July 10, 1958: Introduction
Authors: Tocher Don
Published: July 2021

This is a general introduction to the four following articles by several authors who cooperated in making studies of various aspects of this major shock.