bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Driver’s Danger Level when Accessing the Center Console for Safe Driving
Authors: Lee Hyun-Soon , Oh Sunyoung , Jo Daeseong , Kang Bo-Yeong
Published: October 2018

This paper proposes a system for estimating the level of danger when a driver accesses the center console of a vehicle while driving. The proposed system uses a driver monitoring platform to measure the distance between the driver’s hand and the center console during driving, as well as the time taken for the driver to access the center console. Three infrared sensors on the center console are used to detect the movement of the driver’s hand. These sensors are installed in three locations: the air conditioner or heater (temperature control) button, wind direction control button, and wind intensity control button. A driver’s danger level is estimated to be based on a linear regression analysis of the distance and time of movement between the driver’s hand and the center console, as measured in the proposed scenarios. In the experimental results of the proposed scenarios, the root mean square error of driver H using distance and time of movement between the driver’s hand and the center console is 0.0043, which indicates the best estimation of a driver’s danger level.
Do Police Officers in the USA Protect and Serve All Citizens Equally?
Authors: De Soto William
Published: October 2018

Survey research has clarified the extent to which racial minorities and majority white Americans disagree about whether police should be trusted. Racial minorities are generally far more suspicious of the police officers who serve their communities. Other forms of evidence would appear to corroborate the views of minority citizens in the USA. This requires scholars and others interested in policing to think about reforms that may create a fairer system of law enforcement.
SNe Ia Redshift in a Nonadiabatic Universe
Authors: Gupta Rajendra P.
Published: October 2018

By relaxing the constraint of adiabatic universe used in most cosmological models, we have shown that the new approach provides a better fit to the supernovae Ia redshift data with a single parameter, the Hubble constant H0, than the standard ΛCDM model with two parameters, H0 and the cosmological constant Λ related density, ΩΛ. The new approach is compliant with the cosmological principle. It yields the H0 = 68.28 (±0.53) km s−1 Mpc−1 with an analytical value of the deceleration parameter q0 = −0.4. The analysis presented is for a matter-only, flat universe. The cosmological constant Λ may thus be considered as a manifestation of a nonadiabatic universe that is treated as an adiabatic universe.
Three new species of the spider genus Asceua from Malaysia (Araneae, Zodariidae)
Authors: Zhang Bao-Shi , Zhang Feng
Published: October 2018

Three new species of the genusAsceuaThorell, 1887, from the natural forests of Malaysia, are described asAsceuabifurcasp. n.(♂♀),A.curvasp. n.(♂), andA.trimaculatasp. n.(♀). The genusAsceuais reported from Malaysia for the first time.
A new species of the ant genus Lasius Fabricius, 1804 from Crete (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Authors: Salata Sebastian , Borowiec Lech
Published: October 2018

Lasiustapinomoidessp. n. from Crete, Greece, is described and illustrated. It belongs to L.turcicus complex and is well characterized by very small body, extremely shallow metanotal groove and presence of suberect to erect setae on the apical part of scape. New records of Cretan members of the genus Lasius Fabricius, 1804 are provided, their checklist is updated, and the key to their determination is presented.
Checklist of acanthocephalan parasites of South Africa
Authors: Halajian Ali , Warner Lesley R. , Tavakol Sareh , Smit Nico J. , Luus-Powell Wilmien J.
Published: October 2018

Twenty-one species of acanthocephalans, representative of thirteen genera from ten families of seven orders and three classes, are included in this updated checklist of acanthocephalans in South Africa.

Although South Africa appears to have a less diverse acanthocephalan fauna compared to some other countries such as Iran in Asia, or Brazil in South America, this is probably an artefact of fewer parasitological surveys.
Influence of Ambient Pressure on Cell Structure Evolution in Liquid Aluminum Foam
Authors: Cao Zhuo Kun , Yu Yang , Li Min
Published: October 2018

Foaming of liquid aluminum was applied under different ambient pressure, from vacuum pressure to overpressure. The expansion rate of the liquid foam was recorded and the cell structure of foam specimens was characterized. It is found that varying ambient pressure shows effective influence on the thermal decomposition of TiH2 inside liquid aluminum. Cell size distribution and cell wall thickness is also greatly influenced by ambient pressure.
The Effect of Sintering Condition on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Porous Nickel
Authors: Salehi Akram , Moloodi Ahmad , Barzegar Faezeh , Mirabbasi Jalal
Published: October 2018

The relationship between temperature of sintering in neutral atmosphere and compression strength has been investigated for nickel foams produced by electrodeposition on an organic foam. The as-plated nickel foams are sintered at 600and 1000 in order to eliminate polyurethane and enhance ductility. The results show that the compression strength is significantly influenced by sintering temperature. The most ductile sample is gained by sintering at 600. In addition, samples sintered at this temperature have the higher energy absorbing capability. EDX analyses show that oxygen element raised from oxidation in high temperature presents in specimen sintered at 1000. Hollow struts are obvious in SEM image of treated foams. Keywords: Nickel foam, electrodeposition, EDX, Compression test
Effects of Heat Treatment on Compressive Behavior of Porous Aluminum Manufactured by SLM
Authors: Sugiyama Yoshikazu , Miura Toko , Kitazono Koichi
Published: October 2018

Porous Al-10Si-0.3Mg alloys are produced by 3D Selective Laser Melting (SLM). The samples with 90, 93 and 96% porosities consist of octahedron unit cells. As-built samples showed low energy absorption property due to their brittle fractures. The samples after isothermal holding at 803 K for 6 h showed high energy absorption property. Dendrite silicon phase in as-built samples probably caused brittle fracture of the struts. Moreover, the authors considered that SHT samples are lack of stability on mechanical properties and investigated energy absorption property of aging samples. Hardness of the struts increased after aging at 280, 473 and 523 K. Overaging treatment is effective to increase the plateau region at the expense of strength.
Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Novel Porous Copper Fiber Sintered Sheet
Authors: Liu Rui Liang , Zhou Wei , Ling Wei Song , Li Shuang Li , He Ping
Published: October 2018

In this work, a porous copper fiber sintered sheet (PCFSS) is fabricated by using a low-temperature solid-phase sintering method. Copper fiber is a raw material that is produced by a cutting method with a multi-tooth tool. A novel reference plate method (RPM) with a steady state heat transfer process is introduced to measure the thermal conductivity of PCFSS. The study involves experimentally investigating the effects of reference plate materials as well as the porosity and porosity gradients of PCFSS on thermal conductivity. The findings indicate that reasonable measurement results of thermal conductivity of PCFSS are obtained when 304 stainless steel is selected as a reference plate material when compared with that in the case of a red copper plate. The thermal conductivity increases with a decrease in the porosities of PCFSS in the approximate range of 70%–90%. With respect to the approximate measuring temperature range of 34°C~58°C, the thermal conductivities of PCFSSs with 70%, 80% and 90% porosities correspond to 25.35 W/(m·°C), 15.01 W/(m·°C) and 11.24 W/(m·°C), respectively. The thermal conductivity of PCFSS with 70%-80%-90% gradient porosity corresponds to 13.43 W/(m·°C), and this value is between 80% and 90% porosity of PCFSS.
Evaluation of Local Strain Distribution during Compressive Deformation of Open-Cell Porous Metals
Authors: Maruyama Kazuya , Yue Xue Zheng , Kitazono Koichi
Published: October 2018

Relationship between the macroscopic and local strains of porous metals is examined by microstructural observation. Open-cell porous titanium with 60% porosity was compressed up to 30% macroscopic strain at room temperature. Open-cell porous nickel with 95% porosity was compressed up to 40% macroscopic strain at room temperature. Local strains in cell walls of both porous titanium and nickel were evaluated by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Absolute value of the local strain increased with increasing the macroscopic strain and it is smaller than that of macroscopic strain. In addition, the value of the local strain at the cell junctions was larger than that of the center of cell struts.
Observation of Gas Pores inside the Columnar Grains of a Lotus Type Porous Copper
Authors: Li Sheng Lin , Jin Qing Lin
Published: October 2018

Gas pores growing inside the columnar grains, instead of at grain boundary regions were observed in a lotus type porous copper. It is suggested that the lack of effective nucleation substrate in the pure copper melt makes the nucleation and subsequent growth of gas pores difficult. Therefore the melt must be sufficiently undercooled to provide enough free energy for the nucleation, and as a result the gas saturated melt will transform into a higher energy state of gas pores inside the columnar grains. Keywords: Porous material; Solidification; Gas Pore; Nucleation.
Impact Toughness of Closed-Cell Aluminum Foam
Authors: Mu Yong Liang , Wang Ding Ding , He Yong Dong , Yao Guang Chun
Published: October 2018

The impact toughness of closed-cell aluminum foam with various densities was investigated. The impact load history revealed an elastic region followed by a rapid load drop region. The peak load and impact toughness of aluminum foam increases exponentially with density. The power exponents for impact toughness test are greater than that for compressive test. Fracture analysis indicated a mixed-rupture mode of quasi-cleavage and small shallow dimples. It can be attributed to the complex state of stress of notched specimens and elevated impact velocity under impact loading.
Structural Loading of Cellular Metals: Damage Mechanisms and Standardization Concepts
Authors: Krupp Ulrich , Hipke Thomas , Nesic Srecko
Published: October 2018

Structural loading of cellular metals is strongly affected by brittle fracture of cell struts and walls that exhibit tensile loads, e.g., during fatigue loading. The present paper summarizes results of compression, tension and cyclic loading experiments on various closed-cell metal foams and metal foam sandwiches (Alulight, Alporas, Foamtech, AFS) using various mechanical testing systems. The results were correlated with a thorough analysis of the cellular mesostructure and the cell strut/wall microstructure by means of scanning electron microscopy revealing defects, such as casting porosity and large Si precipitates in the Al-Si eutectic of aluminum cast alloy. The results of the work served for the definition of testing standards for compression testing (ISO 13314) and tensile testing (DIN 50099), which are outlined in the paper. Such standards and design guidelines are crucial for a successful implementation of cellular metals in innovative products in mechanical, automotive and energy engineering as well as in bioengineering.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Monel Porous Plate Used for Distributing Gas
Authors: Ge Yuan , Tan Ping , Li Zeng Feng , Wang Jian Yong , Wang Qiang Bing , Yang Bao Jun
Published: October 2018

The porous plate is the key part for distributing gas in the fluidized bed, which is subjected pressure, tension and shear from flowing gas and material during work. The porous plate is required to have good mechanical properties. The Monel porous plate was prepared by the powder metallurgy process in this paper. Meanwhile, in order to obtain the status of compressive resistance and shear, the compressive property and the shear property were studied. The results showed that the compressive resistance yield strength was 143MPa and elastic modulus was 18.1GPa at the edge of porous plate. In the central part, the compressive resistance yield strength was 67 MPa, elastic modulus was 8.2GPa and elastic strain range was 3 %.The minimum shear strength was 116 MPa in edge and 87 MPa in the central.
Magnesium-Based Foam Biomaterials and their Related Properties
Authors: Huang Wen Zhan , Luo Hong Jie , Zhang Li , Mu Yong Liang , Cui Xin
Published: October 2018

The magnesium-based foam biomaterials were prepared by melt foaming process, where Mg-Ca alloy was used as matrix material, hydroxyapatite (HA) as tackifier, MgCO3as foaming agent. The magnesium-based foam biomaterials with uniform structure were used for testing to investigate their compressive and biodegradable behaviors. The biodegradable property of the magnesium-based foam was mainly characterized by microstructure observation and hydrogen evolution. The results showed that the porosity of the magnesium-based foam has a more important impact on yield stress and plateau stress of compressive curves compared to HA content or its size. Corrosion rate of the magnesium-based foams decreases with increasing HA addition. Meanwhile, the porosity of the magnesium-based foams also has a very obvious effect on hydrogen evolution, i.e., the hydrogen evolution rate increases with decreasing the porosity of magnesium-based foams.
Sandwich Manufacturing with Foam Core and Aluminum Face Sheets – A New Process without Rolling
Authors: Hohlfeld Jörg , Hipke Thomas , Schuller Friedrich
Published: October 2018

The manufacturing processes for sandwiches made with aluminum or steel sheets are differentiated by their various melting ranges. Sandwiches with aluminum face sheets have recently been produced using to the so-called AFS technology, which includes a rolling process. However, if it is desirable to avoid rolling to reduce costs and allow for quick and flexible responses to the needs of the customer, the manufacturing process must be redesigned.
Biocompatibility of Titanium Implants with Porous Surface Fabricated by Micromachining
Authors: Nakajima Hideo , Higuchi Yuichi , Takahashi Kazuya , Komasa Hiroshi
Published: October 2018

Titanium implants with porous surface arranged orderly were fabricated by micromachining through photolithography and chemical etching. The titanium discs were implanted into the canine mandible alveolar bone for 3 and 21 days, for animal experiments. Neogenetic bone was observed onto porous surface after 7 days‘ implantation. This result allows us to expect application of titanium with porous surface as biomaterials.
Energy Absorbing Properties of the Cellular Structures with Different Wall Thickness, Produced by the Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Kuznetsov Pavel , Deev Artem , Staritcyn Mikhail , Zhukov Anton , Bobyr Vitaliy
Published: October 2018

Production of the honeycomb or thin walled structures by the selective laser melting of powder is of a great scientific and practical interest. It’s because that such approach allows producing structures practically of any configuration and thickness, unobtainable or very hard to produce by traditional methods. Using the additive technology, the principal difference from the traditional is that the honeycomb structures can be produced practically of any shape, and the method itself is 100% waste-free, because there is no need in supporting structures. The results of the structure investigation of the honeycomb structures with the wall thickness of 80-170 μm and 44 mm height are presented along with the correlation dependencies between samples mass, wall thickness, activation and compression loads.
Effects of Modification and Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Two-Step Foamed ZL111 Alloy Foam
Authors: Jiang Yu Yuan , Luo Xiao Xu , Chen Qing , Zhao Ming Wei , Lu Jian Sheng , Zhou Yun , Zuo Xiao Qing
Published: October 2018

ZL111 alloy foams with a porosity of 80% and an average pore diameter of 3.5 mm were fabricated using a two-step foaming process, and the effects of modification and heat treatment on their microstructure and mechanical property were studied. The results indicates that by Y&Sr modification, most of the eutectic silicon in the ZL111 alloy foam is transformed from plate-like into dot-like forms, and the average size of evenly distributed α-Al grain is reduced from 80~100μm to 30~40μm, which is more efficient than separate Y or Sr modifications. By combining Y and Sr modification and T6 heat treatment, the α-Al grain size of ZL111 alloy foam maintains its previous modified effect, eutectic silicon remains spherical and well-distributed, and CuAl2and Al9FeMg3Si5are dispersed homogeneously at the α-Al grain boundary. The Y&Sr modification and T6 heat treatment also significantly improved the compressive property of ZL111 alloy foam, when we compared them with the untreated ZL111 alloy foam. The compressive strength rises from 13.3 MPa to 22.6 MPa, the densification strain improves from 59.3% to 76.9%, and the energy absorption capacity increases from 4.87 MJ/m3to 13.77 MJ/m3.
A Novel Method for Preparation of Aluminum Foam Sandwich Panels
Authors: Lin Hao , Luo Hong Jie , Zhang Jian Kun , Cao Zhuo Kun , Xu Jianrong
Published: October 2018

This paper introduced a new method for fabricating aluminum foam sandwich (AFS) panel with large scale dimension. The foamable Al-based precursor was prepared by optimized FORMGRIP foaming method which was developed from melting process. The blowing agent was specially modified to increase the decomposition temperature. To avoid surface oxidation, the mild cover sheets were aluminized by cold spraying technique. An optimized hot pressing technique was designed and showed great advantages in the bonding of the precursor to the cover sheets at low temperature. The precursor and the cover sheet was successfully bonded by using a specially designed hot pressing apparatus via diffusion bonding. It is shown that the pre-bonding in the three-layer composite is beneficial to the formation of metallurgical bonding surface in AFS. The foaming and bonding process was carried out simultaneously. This approach for manufacturing AFS may have particularly importance on applying the AFS panels to industrial applications.
Influence of Material and Arrangement Mold on the Foaming Behavior of Extruded Precursor
Authors: Wang Fang , Wang Lu Cai
Published: October 2018

In this paper, the extruded precursors were prepared by Powder compact method (PCM),with two different powder AlSi10 or pure Al mixed foaming agent ZrH2 or TiH2, then they were foamed to fill the hollow part. L9 (33) orthogonal test was planned, including three factors, furnace temperature; foaming time; and arrangement mode. The results indicated that the pore structure were effectively improved through adjusting the arrangement mode of precursors. The specimens have been obtained the homogeneous foam expansion when the AlSi10-TiH2 agent were arranged on the top while AlSi10-ZrH2 agent precursors at the bottom in the hollow, and foamed 14 min~16 min at 800 °C
Elimination of chemical oxygen demand from domestic residual water by electrocoagulation with aluminum and iron electrodes
Authors: Ascón Edwar Alejandro Aguilar
Published: October 2018

This research determined the efficiency of removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by an electrocoagulation process. An electrocoagulation reactor with aluminum and iron electrodes was used to treat water from the treatment plant of the Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Hazardous Waste. The COD removal percentage was a response variable for the experimental factorial design. The factors influencing the process were current intensity, treatment time, and pH. The best results in the percentage of removal of the COD were very similar to that obtained at a pH of 8.2 and 7, with values of 83% and 84%, respectively, with a current intensity of 7 A and a treatment time of 15 min. However, at 5 A and 10 min, values that exceed 80% removal were obtained. Statistical analysis indicates that only current intensity and time were significant for the response variable. Electrocoagulation is a viable process for the treatment of this type of effluent, in addition to being more versatile compared with biological processes.
Characterization of On-Board Vehicular Hydrogen Sensors
Authors:   Fuel Cell Standards Committee
Published: October 2018

This SAE Technical Information Report (TIR) provides test methods for evaluating hydrogen sensors when the hydrogen system integrator and/or vehicle manufacturer elect to use such devices on board their hydrogen vehicles, including hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).

The tests described in 5.1 of this document are performance-based and were developed to assess hydrogen sensor metrological parameters. These tests were designed to accommodate a wide range of environmental and operating conditions based on different possible situations and sensor implementations within the vehicle. Section 5.2 covers supplemental electrical safety and physical stress tests. These are based upon standard tests developed for qualifying electrical and other components for use on vehicles and do not explicitly pertain to gas sensor metrological performance assessment. Since the use of on-board hydrogen sensors is not standardized or mandated, their implementation can vary greatly from vehicle to vehicle and among potential applications or functions. For example, an on-board sensor could be located in a relatively dry environment such as in the passenger compartment or in a “highly humidifed” environment, such as within the process exhaust from the fuel cell system. As this is a guidance document and not a standard, no specific application will be identified. Also, as a guidance document, no performance specification or pass/fail criteria will be defined. For this reason, the hydrogen system integrator and/or vehicle manufacturer need to determine which tests and associated test conditions are relevant for their application(s). Thus, it is the prerogative of the hydrogen system integrator and/or vehicle manufacturer to define specific test acceptance criteria necessary to achieve the required performance of their process control and protective systems within the vehicle. The sensor manufacturer or testing laboratory is to present results of each test to the hydrogen system integrator and/or vehicle manufacturer, who will then use the results to ascertain the suitability of a sensor technology for their application.
Friedman and Phelps on the Phillips curve viewed from a half century's perspective
Authors: Gordon Robert J.
Published: October 2018

In the late 1960s the stable negatively sloped Phillips curve was overturned by the Friedman–Phelps natural rate model. Their Phillips curve was vertical in the long run at the natural unemployment rate, and their short-run curve shifted up whenever unemployment was pushed below the natural rate. This paper criticizes the underlying assumption of the Friedman–Phelps approach that the labor market continuously clears and that changes in unemployment down or up occur only in response to ‘fooling’ of workers, firms, or both. A preferable and resolutely Keynesian approach explains quantity rationing by inertia in price and wage setting. The positive correlation of inflation and unemployment in the 1970s and again in the 1990s is explained by joining the negatively sloped Phillips curve with a positively sloped dynamic demand curve. For any given growth of nominal GDP, higher inflation implies slower real GDP growth and higher unemployment. This ‘triangle’ model based on demand, supply, and inertia worked well to explain why inflation and unemployment were both positively and negatively correlated between the 1960s and 1990s, but in the past decade the slope of the short-run Phillips curve has flattened as inflation exhibited a muted response to high unemployment in 2009–2013 and low unemployment in 2016–2018.
Why is labour market adjustment so slow in Friedman's presidential address?
Authors: Forder James
Published: October 2018

It is noted that Friedman (1968) suggested the adjustment to a change in the rate of inflation would take decades and that this is rather a long time. Various suggestions as to why Friedman may have said this are considered. It is argued that he may have had in mind not a more or less rational change in expectations, but something more like a change in the habits of thought. It is noted that if this is correct, his view on the point is not generally accepted.
La divisibilidad del alma en la psicología de Aristóteles. ¿Es posible conciliar el hilemorfismo y el cardiocentrismo?”
Authors: Mora Alonso César Augusto
Published: October 2018

El propósito de este trabajo consiste en destacar el papel central que tiene el problema de la divisibilidad del alma en los dos enfoques bajo los que se presenta la investigación psicológica aristotélica: el hilemórfico y el cardiocéntrico. Mientras que el primero sostiene que el alma es la forma o esencia del cuerpo entero, el segundo aboga por la localización del alma en el corazón, pues asegura que allí se manifiestan los principios de las partes o facultades anímicas. A simple vista, podría suponerse que existe una incompatibilidad entre ambos enfoques, ya que no tendría mucho sentido afirmar que el alma se halla en todo el cuerpo y, al mismo tiempo, decir que se encuentra exclusivamente en uno de sus órganos específicos. Entonces, la tesis de este trabajo es que el pneuma ofrece la clave para la conciliación de estos dos enfoques, dado que es el instrumento empleado por las partes del alma para desplegar sus funciones por todo el cuerpo. El corazón, como sede material de dichas partes, irradia el pneuma en forma de sangre por todo el organismo; y éste, hasta que no se extingue esa operación vital, preserva su esencia, causa formal o razón de ser de su existir. De este modo, el hilemorfismo resulta sustentado por el cardiocentrismo.
El Κανών de Epicuro en la "Epístola a Heródoto"
Authors: Muñoz Morcillo Jesús
Published: October 2018

En el siguiente artículo comentamos los conceptos relacionados con la Canónica epicúrea que aparecen en la Epístola a Heródoto con especial atención a su orden de aparición en la carta, a los vínculos entre sensación, prenoción y afección, así como a la distinción entre órgano de percepción mental (διανοία) y el resultado de tal actividad (πρόληψις), esencial para la construcción del razonamiento abstracto. En este contexto, se revaloriza la función transversal de la ἐπιβολή en todos los niveles cognitivos. Con las presentes observaciones intentamos también explicar si la φανταστικὴ ἐπιβολὴ τῆς διανοίας supone realmente un criterio adicional o una expresión equivalente a un criterio de conocimiento ya presente in nuce en la Epístola a Heródoto.
Development of pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS) of sugarcane under different amounts of filter cake and application modes
Authors: Aquino Gisele Silva de , Santos João Gilberto Sampaio dos , Diniz Tayna Gomes , Medina Cristiane De Conti , Rosseto Raffaella , Moreira Adônis
Published: October 2018

The sugarcane pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS) system is a new multiplication technology that contributes to the rapid production of seedlings and is associated with a high standard of vegetal health, vigour and uniformity of planting, as well as a drastic reduction in the use of seedlings per area. Due to the high moisture required during the initial period of growth, the filter cake can be an ally in the development of this technology. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the development of sugarcane PSS, under different amounts of filter cake and application modes. The treatments included five doses of filter cake at 0, 7.5, 15, 30, and 45 t ha-1 and two forms of application: depth (0.30 m) and surface. Once formed, the sugarcane PPS were planted in Eutroferric Red Latosol, with due treatments. For aerial development analyses, leaf area, stem length and diameter and shoot dry mass were evaluated at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after planting. The filter cake positively influenced the development of pre-sprouted seedlings, promoting greater leaf area and stalk diameter when applied on the surface. The dose of 30 t ha-1 to the surface, provided 54% higher shoot dry weight and 56% more dry weight of roots compared to cultivation without its application, demonstrating its usefulness to improve the development of pre-sprouted seedlings.
Agronomic and nutritional responses of Carajas elephant grass fertilized with protected and non-protected urea
Authors: Alves Francisco Gleyson da Silveira , Carneiro Maria Socorro de Souza , Edvan Ricardo Loiola , Cândido Magno José Duarte , Furtado Rafael Nogueira , Pereira Elzânia Sales , Morais Neto Luiz Barreto de , Mota Rute Ribeiro Marins , Nascimento Keuven Dos Santos
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to assess the agronomic and nutritional responses of the elephant grass cultivar Carajas when subjected to fertilization with protected and conventional urea. A randomized block design with 4×2+1 factorial arrangement was adopted. The treatments consisted of four doses (100, 200, 400, and 800 kg N ha-1), two nitrogen sources (conventional and protected urea), and one additional treatment without fertilization. The experiment was carried out from October 2015 to March 2016, in a semi-arid region with a dystrophic yellow latosol type soil. The application of conventional urea was done with each of the multiple cuts performed per year, whereas the protected urea was applied in a single dose. Total senescence rate (TSR), leaf and stem elongation, height, tiller density, total forage biomass, green leaf and stem biomass, and dry matter all increased with increasing N doses. However, the phyllochron, live material/dead material ratio, and agronomic efficiency all decreased with N increasing dose. Plants fertilized with protected urea presented greater TSR and phyllochron. Mineral matter content was higher in plants fertilized with conventional urea. Neutral detergent fiber content was maximized at a dose of 437.63 kg N ha-1. The protected urea resulted in a higher value of leaf/stem ratio at the 400 kg N ha-1 dose, whereas ether extract and crude protein at the 800 kg N ha-1. With application of conventional urea, the highest crude protein value occurred at a dose of 100 kg N ha-1. The morphogenesis, structure, production, and chemical composition of elephant grass ‘Carajas’ were all positively influenced when nitrogen doses were increased, with the recommended optimal dose for use being 400 kg N ha-1 for both sources. The use of protected urea is recommended because of its slow release and need for only a single application.
Feeding behavior and physiological parameters of rearing goats fed diets containing detoxified castor cake
Authors: Araújo Ricardo Alves de , Neiva José Neuman Miranda , Pompeu Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco , Cândido Magno José Duarte , Rogério Marcos Cláudio Pinheiro , Lucas Ronaldo Carlos , Maranhão Samuel Rocha , Fontinele Renato Gomes , Egito Antônio Silvio
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of replacing soybean meal (SM) with castor bean cake (DCC), detoxified using two alkaline products, on the feeding behavior and physiological parameters of Saanen and Anglo-Nubian goat breeds with an initial body weight of 16.22 ± 0.67 kg. The treatments consisted of three diets that were isoproteic and isoenergetic: the first with a standard formulation based on corn and SM, the second with DCC detoxified using calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 DCC), and the third with DCC detoxified using sodium hydroxide (NaOH DCC). A completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 (diets and breeds) factorial arrangement and four replicates per combination was used. A dietary effect on the intake of dry matter (DM) and NDFap (P = 0.02 and 0.01) was observed, with lower values for goats fed NaOH DCC than the other diets. The diets influenced feeding and rumination times (P = 0.04 and 0.03). An interaction (P = 0.04 and 0.01) between the breeds and the SM-based diet was found for time variables (other activity and idle time). Increased feeding and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) rumination efficiencies were observed for goats fed SM and Ca(OH)2 DCC (P = 0.03 and 0.01). Goats fed the NaOH DCC diet consumed large amounts of water, while Saanen goats urinated more times than did Anglo-Nubian goats. The diets had an effect on the heart rate and rectal temperature (P = 0.01 and 0.02), while the body surface temperature was influenced by the breed. Thus, Ca(OH)2 or NaOH DCC has a great potential to replace SM in the feeding of dairy goats. When used as diet for goats in the growth phase, NaOH DCC causes a reduction of DM and NDF intakes. Neither DCC negatively affected the physiological parameters of goats.
Indolebutyric acid on rooting of peach hardwood cuttings
Authors: Oliveira João Alison Alves , Bruckner Cláudio Horst , Silva Danielle Fabíola Pereira da , Santos Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos , Albuquerque Filho Flávio Travassos Régis de , Amaro Hugo Tiago Ribeiro
Published: October 2018

In the search for more efficient techniques for the propagation of peach cuttings, this study aimed to evaluate the rooting of hardwood cuttings of peach rootstock genotypes under different indolebutyric acid (IBA) concentrations. In the winter of 2016, the basal end of cuttings of genotypes 1701-1, 1701-2, 102-1, 102-2, 202-1 and 'Okinawa' were dipped into solutions with five concentrations of IBA (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg mg L-1) for 5 seconds. The cuttings were then placed in sand in plastic trays and kept in a mist chamber. The experiment was arranged in a 6x5 factorial, completely randomized design, with 5 replications, and each plot consisted of eight cuttings. After 59 days, the variables related to rooting and root quality were evaluated. Genotypes 102-1 and 202-1 showed high adventitious rooting potential in hardwood cuttings, with 76.8 and 66.5% of rooting, respectively. The concentration of 2000 mg.L-1 of IBA acid can be recommended for the treatment of hardwood cuttings of the tested rootstocks for propagation in the winter.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi infections in dogs presented at veterinary clinics in João Pessoa, Paraíba state, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Brasil Arthur Willian de Lima , Machado Dália Monique Ribeiro , Silva Mariana Aimee Ramos Xavier da , Barrosa Noelle De Castro , Silva Raizza Barros Sousa , Melo Márcia Almeida de , Langoni Hélio , Santos Carolina De Sousa Américo Batista , Azevedo Sérgio Santos de
Published: October 2018

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi infections in dogs presented at veterinary clinics in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba state, northeastern Brazil. A total of 384 dogs from 34 veterinary clinics were sampled between April 2015 and May 2016. For serological diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, the indirect fluorescent antibody test was used. Reactive sera were submitted to a confirmatory test using the S7 ELISA. The seroprevalence of Leishmania spp. was 2.8% (11/384), and that of T. cruzi was 1.5% (6/384). Two animals were positive for both parasites. The variable “access to the street” was identified as a risk factor for Leishmania spp. infection (OR = 4.81; 95% CI = 1.23–18.75). We concluded that a significant proportion of dogs presented at veterinary clinics in João Pessoa are seropositive for Leishmania spp. or T. cruzi infections, and we suggest that greater care be taken with dogs that have access to the street.
Quality Measures in Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Amanatullah Derek F. , McQuillan Thomas , Kamal Robin N.
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Total joint arthroplasty represents the largest expense for a single condition among Medicare beneficiaries. Payment models exist, such as bundled payments, where physicians and hospitals are reimbursed based on providing cost-efficient, high-quality care. There is a need to explicitly define “quality” relevant to hip and knee arthroplasty. Based on prior quality measure research, we hypothesized that less than 20% of developed quality measures are outcome measures.

Methods:

This study systematically reviewed current and candidate quality measures relevant to total hip and knee arthroplasty using several quality measure databases and an Internet library search.

Results:

We found a total of 35 quality measures and 81 candidate measures, most of which were process measures (N = 21, 60%), and represented the National Quality Strategy priorities of patient- and caregiver-centered experience and outcomes (31%), effective clinical care (28%), or patient safety (19%).

Conclusion:

Various stakeholders have developed quality measures in total joint arthroplasty, with increasing focus on developing outcome measures. The results of this review inform orthopaedic surgeons on quality measures that payers could use value-based payment models like the Merit-based Incentive Payment System and Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement.

Level of Evidence:

Level I, systematic review of level I evidence
A Critical Review of Grammar Teaching Methodologies in the Saudi Context
Authors: Althaqafi Abeer Sultan
Published: October 2018

‘Grammar is the business of taking a language to pieces, to see how it works’ (Crystal, 1996, p. 6). The study of grammar has fascinated people for many years, especially in the field of second language acquisition (SLA). However, in recent years people became uncertain about its value. Consequently, some educational institutions ceased to teach it, others teach it very selectively (Crystal, 1996; Ellis, 2002). To know grammar means to know more about how to manipulate the parts of a sentence in order to provide a meaningful expression. Teaching grammar has been subjected to a tremendous change, particularly throughout the twentieth century. There has always been a development in thinking about the nature of language which has enabled people to see the point of the study and teaching of grammar. Also, there have been quite a number of adaptations of various methodologies of teaching grammar. This language component (grammar) has been always the centre of pedagogical attention. The aim of this project is to discuss the changing role of teaching grammar from a Saudi teacher’s perspective, and to explore why some Saudi EFL teachers might wish to change their approach to teaching grammar and how they might do so. In addition, the following section will try to shed light on some of the salient grammar methods throughout the field of English language teaching (ELT) and provide some implications for EFL teachers and learners.
Deriving Correlation Matrices for Missing Financial Time-Series Data
Authors: Burger Schalk , Silverman Searle , Vuuren Gary van
Published: October 2018

The problem of missing data is prevalent in financial time series, particularly data such as foreign exchange rates and interest rate indices. Reasons for missing data include the clo-sure of financial markets over weekends and holidays and that sometimes, index data do not change between consecutive dates, resulting in stale data (also considered as missing data). Most statistical software packages function best when applied to complete da-tasets. Listwise deletion – a commonly-used approach to deal with missing data, is straightforward to use and implement, but it can exclude large portions of the original dataset (Allison, 2002). Where data are randomly missing or if the deleted data are insignificant (measured by statistical power), listwise deletion may add value. Techniques to handle missing data were suggested and implemented. These techniques were assessed to ascertain which provided the most accurate reconstructed datasets compared with complete dataset.
Seed Diversity of Indigenous Field Peas (Pisum sativum L.) Germplasm Collection in Oman
Authors: Al-Saady Nadiya A. , Nadaf Saleem K. , Al-Lawati Ali H. , Al-Hinai Saleh A.
Published: October 2018

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a field crop cultivated in most countries of the Arabian Peninsula for both food and fodder consumption during winter. This paper presents the results of indigenous germplasm collections in Oman and assessment of their seed diversity. 27 seed samples/accessions of field peas were collected during collecting missions of indigenous legume crops from 2008 to 2011. South Batinah-coastal governorate represented by Rustaq (15) had the highest, followed by Dhahira & Buraimi governorates (8), Al-Dakhliya (Interior) governorate (2), Sharqiya (eastern) governorate (1) and North Batinah-coastal governorate (1). Seed accessions were found diverse for three seed traits and seed color. Seed length varied from 0.305 cm to 0.720 cm whereas seed width varied from 0.295 cm to 0.690 cm. 100-seed weight ranged from 4.500 g to 21.9 g. With respect to seed color, six accessions viz. Collection No. 25 (tan-light), No. 78 (dark green, mottled), No. 82 (light green), No. 173 (dark green, dark brown, mottled), No. 178 (brownish green, mottled) and No. 314 (cream, light pink) were homogenous (pure) whereas the remaining 21 seed accessions were heterogeneous (mixture) with various colors such as white cream, cream, light green, tan, light brown, dark brown and black with mottled nature. The collections were grouped into 10 genetically diverse clusters based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using seed traits which revealed significant contribution of seed length (34.378%) and 100-seed weight (34.182%) to the total variation existing in indigenous field pea germplasm collected across all the governorates of Oman.
Rethinking the Relationship Between Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Straehle Edgar ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2018

In this paper, I focus on Arendt’s concept of revolution in order to tackle the intricate relationship among past, present and future in the fields of action and politics. For this purpose, I propose to rethink the concept of authority and to show its possible connection with action and revolution. On the basis of her reflections on the American Revolution, I claim that authority and Arendt’s concept of power are not incompatible and can appear together. On the other hand, I hold that if power seeks to found, establish and consolidate a new republic, it requires to be endorsed by authority. Authority can provide a horizon of longevity that is not present within power and can enable the task of foundation to succeed.
Serangan Arthroschista hilaralis Walk. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) pada tegakan jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba [Roxb.] Bosser) di Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Utami Sri , Triwidodo Hermanu , Pudjianto Pudjianto , Rauf Aunu , Haneda Noor Farikhah
Published: October 2018

Serangan hama merupakan masalah utama yang dihadapi dalam budi daya jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba [Roxb.] Bosser) di Indonesia khususnya di Sumatera Selatan. Arthroschista hilaralis Walk. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) merupakan salah satu hama penting yang menyerang tanaman jabon. Informasi mengenai tingkat serangan A. hilaralis pada tegakan jabon diperlukan sebagai bahan pertimbangan pengelolaan A. hilaralis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji insidensi dan intensitas serangan A. hilaralis yang menyerang tegakan jabon umur 2 dan 4 tahun selama 2 musim pengamatan, serta mengkaji pengaruh faktor cuaca (suhu dan kelembaban udara) terhadap serangan A. hilaralis. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada 6 lokasi yang terletak pada beberapa daerah di Sumatera Selatan. Pada setiap lokasi penelitian ditentukan 3 plot masing-masing seluas 0,03 ha dan berisi 20 tanaman jabon. Pengamatan insidensi dan intensitas serangan A. hilaralis dilakukan sebulan sekali selama 16 bulan yang mewakili 2 kategori waktu pengamatan, yaitu musim hujan dan musim kemarau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serangan A. hilaralis paling tinggi terjadi pada tegakan jabon umur 2 tahun dan pada musim hujan dengan insidensi dan intensitas serangan masing-masing sebesar 74,45% dan 55,21%. Faktor cuaca (suhu dan kelembaban udara) berpengaruh terhadap tingkat serangan A. hilaralis. Suhu udara berkorelasi negatif terhadap insidensi (r = -0,629; p = 0,009) dan intensitas serangan A. hilaralis (r = -0,546; p = 0,029), sedangkan kelembaban udara berkorelasi positif terhadap insidensi (r = 0,900; p < 0,0001) dan intensitas serangan A. hilaralis (r = 0,768; p = 0,0005).
Populasi Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pada beberapa umur tanaman kelapa sawit
Authors: Rahardjo Bambang Tri , Rizali Akhmad , Utami Ika Putri , Karindah Sri , Puspitarini Retno Dyah , Sahari Bandung
Published: October 2018

Kumbang Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust merupakan serangga polinator kelapa sawit yang hidup pada bunga jantan dan mengunjungi bunga betina untuk melakukan penyerbukan karena ketertarikan terhadap senyawa volatil yang dikeluarkan. Kuantitas fruit set kelapa sawit yang dihasilkan berhubungan dengan populasi E. kamerunicus pada suatu lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh umur tanaman kelapa sawit terhadap populasi kumbang E. kamerunicus. Penelitian dilakukan di perkebunan kelapa sawit yang terletak di Pangkalan Lada, Kotawaringin Barat, Kalimantan Tengah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah berupa penghitungan populasi E. kamerunicus pada bunga jantan dan pemasangan sticky trap pada bunga betina. Plot pengamatan berukuran 7000 m2 (100 pohon) dengan variasi umur tanaman kelapa sawit, yaitu 6, 10, dan 16 tahun. Setiap plot dihitung jumlah bunga jantan dan betina yang mekar dan ditentukan beberapa bunga untuk pengukuran populasi E. kamerunicus yang dilakukan setiap bulan selama tiga bulan pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umur tanaman kelapa sawit berpengaruh terhadap populasi E. kamerunicus pada bunga jantan tapi tidak pada bunga betina. Semakin tua umur kelapa sawit, populasi E. kamerunicus pada bunga jantan semakin meningkat. Rasio jenis kelamin E. kamerunicus yang ditemukan pada bunga jantan dan betina kelapa sawit cenderung bias betina. Berdasarkan perbandingan populasi E. kamerunicus pada bunga jantan dan betina pada setiap plot diperoleh bahwa nilai kunjungan E. kamerunicus paling tinggi ditemukan pada umur kelapa sawit muda. Sebagai kesimpulan, pertambahan umur kelapa sawit mempengaruhi peningkatan populasi E. kamerunicus pada bunga jantan tapi persentase kunjungan ke bunga betina menjadi semakin menurun.
Complexity of the healthcare crisis in rural America
Authors: Simpson Christopher , Simpson Martha A.
Published: October 2018

Because osteopathic physicians comprise 15.3% of all physicians in small rural counties, while making up only 5.1% of the nation's physicians, the solutions to the healthcare crisis for rural America are of special interest to them. The authors explore the incredible diversity of rural communities and the difficulty with defining the term ''rural.'' They give the background of efforts to address rural health problems and the reasons accessible healthcare--available, acceptable and affordable--has been so elusive in rural settings. The authors also explain the relative success of the osteopathic medical profession and address the role osteopathic physicians can play in the future. Finally, they explore the exciting new possibilities that telemedicine offers.