bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amorphous molybdenum sulfide nanocatalysts simultaneously realizing efficient upgrading of residue and synergistic synthesis of 2D MoS2 nanosheets/carbon hierarchical structures
Authors: Duan Yajing , Liu Yanglin , Chen Zhaojun , Liu Dong , Yu Enqiang , Zhang Xiaodong , Fu Hui , Fu Jinzhe , Zhang Jiatao , Du Hui
Published: October 2019

Residual oil entirely converts to clean fuels and 2D MoS2 nanosheets/carbon hierarchical structures by using amorphous molybdenum sulfide nanocatalysts.
Parallel multiphase nanofluidics utilizing nanochannels with partial hydrophobic surface modification and application to femtoliter solvent extraction
Authors: Kazoe Yutaka , Ugajin Takuya , Ohta Ryoichi , Mawatari Kazuma , Kitamori Takehiko
Published: September 2019

Aqueous/organic parallel two-phase flow in a nanochannel was realized by a nanoscale partial hydrophobic surface modification method, and applied to solvent extraction of lipid to achievefemtoliter sample volume and millisecond processing time.
Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of mixed-ligand hydrazone complexes of variable valence VOz+(z= 2, 3)
Authors: Biswas Nirmalendu , Bera Sachinath , Sepay Nayim , Mukhopadhyay Titas Kumar , Acharya Krishnendu , Ghosh Sandipta , Acharyya Swarnali , Biswas Anup Kumar , Drew Michael G. B. , Ghosh Tapas
Published: October 2019

Mixed-ligand complexes of VO2+and VO3+motifs incorporating a family of hydrazone ligands were reported, which exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against lung cancer cell line and antimicrobial activity against four pathogenic bacterial stains.
CsPbX3/SiOx (X = Cl, Br, I) monoliths prepared via a novel sol–gel route starting from Cs4PbX6 nanocrystals
Authors: Park Sungwook , An Mai Ngoc , Almeida Guilherme , Palazon Francisco , Spirito Davide , Krahne Roman , Dang Zhiya , De Trizio Luca , Manna Liberato
Published: September 2019

We developed a facile synthesis of nanocomposite powders of CsPbX3 nanocrystals (NCs) embedded in silica.
Synthesis of α-trifluoromethyl ethanone oximes via the three-component reaction of aryl-substituted ethylenes, tert-butyl nitrite, and the Langlois reagent
Authors: Lu Kui , Wei Xianfu , Li Quan , Li Yuxuan , Ji Liangshuo , Hua Erbing , Dai Yujie , Zhao Xia
Published: October 2019

A three-component reaction of aryl-substituted ethylenes, tert-butyl nitrite, and the Langlois reagent to synthesize a-trifluoromethyl ethanone oximes was developed.
Experiments and computations of microfluidic liquid–liquid flow patterns
Authors: Desir Pierre , Chen Tai-Ying , Bracconi Mauro , Saha Basudeb , Maestri Matteo , Vlachos Dionisios G.
Published: October 2019

A high accuracy model is built using machine learning to predict flow patterns, providing a powerful tool for continuous flow microreactor design.
Hydrodeoxygenation of bio-derived anisole to cyclohexane over bi-functional IM-5 zeolite supported Ni catalysts
Authors: Tu Chunyan , Chen Junwen , Li Wenlin , Wang Hongyan , Deng Kaixi , Vinokurov Vladimir A. , Huang Wei
Published: October 2019

IM-5 zeolite supported Ni nanoparticles were demonstrated to be an efficient bi-functional catalyst for the hydrodeoxygenation of anisole to cyclohexane.
Facile and sustainable fabrication of transparent mesoporous IrOx films formed by nanoparticle assembly for efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Chandra Debraj , Sato Tsubasa , Abe Naoto , Saito Kenji , Yui Tatsuto , Yagi Masayuki
Published: October 2019

A new transparent mesoporous IrOx film consisting of small interconnected nanoparticles has been developed by a simple drop-cast method to provide an efficient electrocatalyst film for water oxidation.
Cytocompatible cerium oxide-mediated antioxidative stress in inhibiting ocular inflammation-associated corneal neovascularization
Authors: Zheng Qianqian , Fang Yiming , Zeng Li , Li Xingyi , Chen Hao , Song Haixing , Huang Jinhai , Shi Shuai
Published: September 2019

As oxidative stress is involved with inflammation and neovascularization, blocking oxidative stress may be beneficial for reducing inflammation.
Ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficient of a lead-free K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based single crystal fabricated by a simple seed-free solid-state growth method
Authors: Jiang Minhong , Zhang Jingwei , Rao Guanghui , Li Dedong , Randall Clive A. , Li Tao , Peng BiaoLin , Li Lin , Gu Zhengfei , Liu Xinyu , Huang Haitao
Published: September 2019

KNN-based crystals with ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficients (d33 = 1050 pC N−1, and d33* = 2290 pm V−1) were fabricated.
The survey of planetary nebulae in Andromeda (M 31)
Authors: Bhattacharya Souradeep , Arnaboldi Magda , Caldwell Nelson , Gerhard Ortwin , Blaña Matías , McConnachie Alan , Hartke Johanna , Guhathakurta Puragra , Pulsoni Claudia , Freeman Kenneth C.
Published: September 2019

Context.The age–velocity dispersion relation is an important tool to understand the evolution of the disc of the Andromeda galaxy (M 31) in comparison with the Milky Way.

Aims.We use planetary nebulae (PNe) to obtain the age–velocity dispersion relation in different radial bins of the M 31 disc.

Methods.We separate the observed PNe sample based on their extinction values into two distinct age populations in the M 31 disc. The observed velocities of our high- and low-extinction PNe, which correspond to higher- and lower-mass progenitors, respectively, are fitted in de-projected elliptical bins to obtain their rotational velocities,Vϕ, and corresponding dispersions,σϕ. We assign ages to the two PN populations by comparing central-star properties of an archival sub-sample of PNe, that have models fitted to their observed spectral features, to stellar evolution tracks.

Results.For the high- and low-extinction PNe, we find ages of ∼2.5 and ∼4.5 Gyr, respectively, with distinct kinematics beyond a deprojected radiusRGC = 14 kpc. AtRGC = 17–20 kpc, which is the equivalent distance in disc scale lengths of the Sun in the Milky Way disc, we obtainσϕ,  2.5 Gyr = 61 ± 14 km s−1andσϕ,  4.5 Gyr = 101 ± 13 km s−1. The age–velocity dispersion relation for the M 31 disc is obtained in two radial bins,RGC = 14–17 and 17–20 kpc.

Conclusions.The high- and low-extinction PNe are associated with the young thin and old thicker disc of M 31, respectively, whose velocity dispersion values increase with age. These values are almost twice and three times that of the Milky Way disc stellar population of corresponding ages, respectively. From comparison with simulations of merging galaxies, we find that the age–velocity dispersion relation in the M 31 disc measured using PNe is indicative of a single major merger that occurred 2.5–4.5 Gyr ago with an estimated merger mass ratio ≈1:5.
Mass of dusty clumps with temperature and density structure
Authors: Cesaroni R.
Published: September 2019

We consider a dusty clump in two cases of spherical and cylindrical symmetry to investigate the effect of temperature and density gradients on the observed flux density. Conversely, we evaluate how the presence of these gradients affects the calculation of the clump mass from the observed flux. We provide approximate expressions relating flux density and mass in the optically thick and thin limits and in the Rayleigh-Jeans regime, and we discuss the reliability of these expressions by comparing them to the outcome of a numerical code. Finally, we present the application of our calculations to three examples taken from the literature, which shows how the correction introduced after taking into account temperature and density gradients may affect our conclusions on the stability of the clumps.
HALOGAS: the properties of extraplanar HI in disc galaxies
Authors: Marasco A. , Fraternali F. , Heald G. , de Blok W. J. G. , Oosterloo T. , Kamphuis P. , Józsa G. I. G. , Vargas C. J. , Winkel B. , Walterbos R. A. M. , Dettmar R. J. , Juẗte E.
Published: September 2019

We present a systematic study of the extraplanar gas (EPG) in a sample of 15 nearby late-type galaxies at intermediate inclinations using publicly available, deep interferometric H I data from the Hydrogen Accretion in LOcal GAlaxieS (HALOGAS) survey. For each system we masked the H I emission coming from the regularly rotating disc and used synthetic datacubes to model the leftover “anomalous” H I flux. Our model consists of a smooth, axisymmetric thick component described by three structural and four kinematical parameters, which are fit to the data via a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based Bayesian method. We find that extraplanar H I is nearly ubiquitous in disc galaxies as we fail to detect it in only two of the systems with the poorest spatial resolution. The EPG component encloses ∼5−25% of the total H I mass with a mean value of 14%, and has a typical thickness of a few kpc which is incompatible with expectations based on hydrostatic equilibrium models. The EPG kinematics is remarkably similar throughout the sample, and consists of a lagging rotation with typical vertical gradients of ∼ − 10 km s−1 kpc−1, a velocity dispersion of 15−30 km s−1, and, for most galaxies, a global inflow in both the vertical and radial directions with speeds of 20−30 km s−1. The EPG H I masses are in excellent agreement with predictions from simple models of the galactic fountain that are powered by stellar feedback. The combined effect of photo-ionisation and interaction of the fountain material with the circumgalactic medium can qualitatively explain the kinematics of the EPG, but dynamical models of the galactic fountain are required to fully test this framework.
Does magnetic field impact tidal dynamics inside the convective zone of low-mass stars along their evolution?
Authors: Astoul A. , Mathis S. , Baruteau C. , Gallet F. , Strugarek A. , Augustson K. C. , Brun A. S. , Bolmont E.
Published: September 2019

Context. The dissipation of the kinetic energy of wave-like tidal flows within the convective envelope of low-mass stars is one of the key physical mechanisms that shapes the orbital and rotational dynamics of short-period exoplanetary systems. Although low-mass stars are magnetically active objects, the question of how the star’s magnetic field impacts large-scale tidal flows and the excitation, propagation and dissipation of tidal waves still remains open.

Aims. Our goal is to investigate the impact of stellar magnetism on the forcing of tidal waves, and their propagation and dissipation in the convective envelope of low-mass stars as they evolve.

Methods. We have estimated the amplitude of the magnetic contribution to the forcing and dissipation of tidally induced magneto-inertial waves throughout the structural and rotational evolution of low-mass stars (from M to F-type). For this purpose, we have used detailed grids of rotating stellar models computed with the stellar evolution code STAREVOL. The amplitude of dynamo-generated magnetic fields is estimated via physical scaling laws at the base and the top of the convective envelope.

Results. We find that the large-scale magnetic field of the star has little influence on the excitation of tidal waves in the case of nearly-circular orbits and coplanar hot-Jupiter planetary systems, but that it has a major impact on the way waves are dissipated. Our results therefore indicate that a full magneto-hydrodynamical treatment of the propagation and dissipation of tidal waves is needed to properly assess the impact of star-planet tidal interactions throughout the evolutionary history of low-mass stars hosting short-period massive planets.
Risk-averse optimal control of semilinear elliptic PDEs
Authors: Kouri D.P. , Surowiec T.M.
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we consider the optimal control of semilinear elliptic PDEs with random inputs. These problems are often nonconvex, infinite-dimensional stochastic optimization problems for which we employ risk measures to quantify the implicit uncertainty in the objective function. In contrast to previous works in uncertainty quantification and stochastic optimization, we provide a rigorous mathematical analysis demonstrating higher solution regularity (in stochastic state space), continuity and differentiability of the control-to-state map, and existence, regularity and continuity properties of the control-to-adjoint map. Our proofs make use of existing techniques from PDE-constrained optimization as well as concepts from the theory of measurable multifunctions. We illustrate our theoretical results with two numerical examples motivated by the optimal doping of semiconductor devices.
Les démantèlements complexes du CEA
Authors:   Par les équipes de la Direction du démantèlement pour les Centres Civils
Published: October 2019

En tant qu’exploitant nucléaire, le Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) est responsable du démantèlement de ses installations et de la gestion des déchets qui en sont issus. La spécificité du CEA réside dans la grande variété d’installations qu’il exploite et donc, à terme, d’installations à démanteler.
Die Verbrannte Hand – Neuheiten und aktuelle
Forschung
Authors: Popp Daniel , Tapking Christian , Branski Ludwik Krystof
Published: October 2019

Eine funktionierende Handmotorik ist im täglichen Leben und in der Arbeitswelt
unverzichtbar. Selbst kleinere Verbrennungen können selbige entweder direkt oder
durch Narbenbildung wesentlich einschränken. Erhalt und Wiederherstellung der
Handfunktion sind essenziell für das körperliche und seelische Wohlbefinden von
Verbrennungspatienten, zumal eine Einschränkung zu sozialer Isolation und
Berufsunfähigkeit führen kann. Obwohl eine Hand nur 3 % der gesamten
Körperoberfläche repräsentiert, werden Handverbrennungen als schwere Verbrennung
eingestuft und zählen zu den primären Indikationen zur Behandlung in einem
Verbrennungszentrum. Bei mehr als 80 % aller schweren Verbrennungen sind die
Hände beteiligt und zählen somit zu den am häufigsten betroffenen
Körperregionen. Unabhängig von der Schwere der gesamten Verbrennung ist den
Händen höchste Priorität beizumessen.

Weiterentwicklungen in der Akut- und Langzeitbehandlung von Brandverletzungen der
Hand sollten zum Ziel haben, eine langfristige Verbesserung der funktionellen
und ästhetischen Ergebnisse zu erlangen. Zudem soll auch bei schwerer
Handverbrennung die Wiedereingliederung in Alltag und Berufsleben angestrebt
werden. Der Zweck dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, die aktuelle Forschung auf dem
Gebiet der Handverbrennung aufzuzeigen und Teilbereiche zu identifizieren, in
denen in Zukunft intensivere Forschung betrieben werden sollte. Wir fassen in
dieser Arbeit relevante Original- und Übersichtsarbeiten der letzten Jahre auf
dem Gebiet der Handverbrennung zusammen. Neuheiten zu Akutbehandlung,
Nachbehandlung, Rekonstruktion, der Verletzung durch E-Zigaretten sowie zur
Funktionsbeurteilung werden vorgestellt und in Kontext zu bewährten Methoden
gestellt. Die Problematik mangelnder Forschungsprojekte und potenzielle
Forschungsideen werden aufgezeigt.
Influence of Concomitant Treatments under Anticoagulants and Statins in Detecting Signals of Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Jimenez-Serrania Maria-Isabel , Treceño-Lobato Carlos
Published: September 2019

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of concomitant treatments in patients treated with anticoagulants and statins. The authors performed an observational cross-sectional study in two cohorts of surveyed patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Different groups were analyzed based on the drug that each patient was taking, that is, VKAs or NOACs, as well as on the use of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) versus nonuse of these drugs; they also took into account the potential exposure to other common medications. Descriptive, clinical, and ADR data were reported and analyzed through an adaptation of Bayesian methodology (false discovery rate < 0.05) to detect new signals. Eleven different ADRs in patients on VKAs and statins and 12 in patients on VKAs without statins were found. In evaluating the concomitant therapies, the authors found that analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the most common therapeutic options, followed by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Seven ADRs were observed in patients concomitantly treated with NOACs and statins, whereas NOACs without concomitant statins were associated with a significantly lower risk of bleeding. The risk of observing an ADR among the patients who are concomitantly treated with VKAs and statins is lower than with analgesics or PPI, while the concomitant use of NOACs and statins is associated with both an increment in the number of observed ADRs and increased risk of bleeding.
Evaluation of Extensor Pollicis Brevis as a Recipient of Tendon Transfer for Thumb Extension
Authors: Bhardwaj Praveen , Muddappa Poonacha Puchimada , Bindesh Dadi , Sabapathy Shanmuganathan Raja
Published: September 2019

Introduction Rerouting of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) is the standard part of tendon transfer surgery for thumb extension. It is done to overcome the ulnar vector of the EPL action. Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB), however, produces better thumb abduction and extension by virtue of its radial vector. The described anatomical variation of EPB extending the thumb interphalangeal joint (IPJ), therefore, gives the “best combination” of movements by a single-thumb extensor tendon.

Materials and Methods We performed this transfer in six patients in whom the EPB was found to be extending the IPJ while checked intraoperatively. Three of these six patients were cases of radial nerve palsy and the other three presented with brachial plexus palsy. The outcome was assessed by measuring palmar and radial abduction of the thumb, Kapandji’s score, and Bincaz’s scale.

Results We found satisfactory results in all the six patients. In our series, patients had an average radial extension of the thumb of 29.2 degrees and an average palmar abduction of the thumb of 65.7 degrees. On evaluation with the Bincaz score; one patient had excellent result, three patients had good results, and two patients had fair results.

Conclusion In situations where EPL rerouting is not possible (as in cases where the donor tendon needs to reach the thumb from the ulnar side, for example, flexor carpi ulnaris), transfer to the EPB, provided it is extending the thumb IPJ, would produce better extension and abduction of the thumb than the transfer to the EPL.
High Flow Nasal Cannula versus Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Primary Respiratory Support in Preterm Infants: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Demirel Gamze , Vatansever Binay , Tastekin Ayhan
Published: September 2019

Objective This study compares high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) within the first hour of life as the primary respiratory support in neonates of ≤32 weeks of gestational age.

Study Design This prospective, randomized study was conducted in infants with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks who had spontaneous respiration. HFNC or nCPAP was used as a first line respiratory support after admission to intensive care unit. Primary outcome was primary treatment failure. Secondary outcomes were duration of noninvasive respiratory support and oxygen treatment, maximum FiO2 level, length of hospital stay, intubation rate, rates of respiratory distress syndrome, pneumothorax, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Subgroup analysis was performed for infants ≤28 weeks of gestational age.

Results We enrolled 107 infants, 53 in HFNC and 54 to nCPAP group. There was no difference in primary outcome between the two groups. There was no difference between the groups in aspect of secondary outcomes.

Conclusion HFNC and nCPAP have no significant differences as a primary mode of respiratory support in preterm infants, in the time to wean off the devices and oxygen support, respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia incidence, hospitalization duration, and rates of complications of prematurity.
Prevalence of Dental Caries among the Population of Gwalior (India) in Relation of Different Associated Factors
Authors: Khan Abdul Arif , Jain Sudhir K. , Shrivastav Archana
Published: September 2019

Objectives: India is unique in entire world due to variety of dietary habits in population. Many
people of India follow totally vegetarian life style through their entire life time due to some religious and cultural reasons. Present study tried to analyze the role of different factors in the occurrence of dental caries including dietary habit.

Methods: Persons suffering with dental caries were examined for the type of dental cariesin relation to different factors. Dental examination was performed and patients were asked a questionnaire andthe data was recorded and analyzed.

Results: Incidence of dental caries was higher in female. High number of dental caries patients
was observed among vegetarian population. 21-30 year age group was found to be most infected with dental caries.

Conclusions: This study can be helpful to analyze respective role of different dietary factors
including protein rich diet, age, gender etc. on the prevalence of dental caries, which can be helpful to counteract the potential increase in the cases of dental caries and to design and plan preventive strategies for the persons at greatest risk. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:81-85)
The Effect of Different Fiber Concentrations on the Surface Roughness of Provisional Crown and Fixed Partial Denture Resin
Authors: Zortuk Mustafa , Kılıc Kerem , Uzun Gulay , Ozturk Ahmet , Kesim Bulent
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate surface roughness in provisional crown acrylics, after polishing, reinforced with different concentrations of glass fibers.

Methods: A total of 48 disk-shaped specimens were prepared using autopolymerizing acrylic resin. These specimens were divided into four groups according to the level of glass fiber added: Group A (no fiber), Group B (0.5%), Group C (1%) and Group D (2%). After polishing the specimens, an average surface roughness (Ra) value was calculated using a profilometer from four randomly selected points on the surface.

Results: A significant difference was determined among the surface roughness values of provisional crown resins to which different concentrations of fiber had been added (P<.001).Tukey�s test was then used to perform paired comparisons of the data between the different groups, and a significant difference was found between Group A (no fiber) and the other groups, between Group B (0.5%) and Group D (2%) and between Group C (1%) and Group D. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between Group B and Group C.

Conclusions: The reinforcement of provisional crown and fixed partial denture resin with glass fibers increases surface roughness. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:185-190)
Effects of Mouth Rinses on Color Stability of Resin Composites
Authors: Celik Cigdem , Yuzugullu Bulem , Erkut Selim , Yamanel Kıvanc
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3 commercially available mouth rinses on the color stability of 4 different resin-based composite restorative materials.

Methods: Forty disc-shaped specimens (10x2 mm) were prepared from each of the following materials: A nanofill composite Filtek Supreme XT (3M/Espe, St. Paul, MN, USA); a packable lowshrinkage composite, AeliteLS Packable (BISCO, Inc, Shaumburg, IL, USA); nanoceramic compositeresin Ceram-X (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany); a microhybrid composite, and Aelite All-Purpose Body (BISCO). The specimens were then incubated in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. The baseline color values (L*, a*, b*) of each specimen were measured with a colorimeter according to the CIELAB color scale. After baseline color measurements, 10 randomly selected specimens from each group were immersed in 1 of the 3 mouth rinses and distilled water as control. The specimens were stored in 20 mL of each mouth rinse (Oral B Alcohol-free, Listerine Tooth Defense Anti-cavity Fluoride Rinse and Klorhex) for 12 hours. After immersion, the color values of all specimens were remeasured, and the color change value ΔE*ab was calculated. Data were analyzed using a 2-way analysis of variance at a significance level of .05.

Results: All specimens displayed color changes after immersion, and there was a statistically significant difference among restorative materials and mouth rinses (P<.05); however, the change was not visually perceptible (ΔE*ab<3.3). The interaction between the effect of mouth rinses and type of restorative materials was not statistically significant (P>.05).

Conclusions: It may be concluded that although visually nonperceptible, all resin restorative materials tested showed a color difference after immersion in different mouth rinses. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:247-253)
Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Dental Implant Osseointegration: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Ustun Yakup , Erdogan Ozgur , Kurkcu Mehmet , Akova Tolga , Damlar Ibrahim
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU) on dental implant osseointegration in a rabbit model using mechanical-histomorphometric methods and resonance-frequency analysis (RFA).

Methods: Twelve skeletally mature, male New Zealand rabbits (3.4 kg±0.5) were included in the study. A total number of 24 implants were placed bilaterally into the tibiae of the subjects. The right tibia of each rabbit received LIPU application (20 min/day) while the left side received sham treatment. The study was carried on for six weeks and the rabbits were sacrificed in 7 days intervals (two rabbits for each week). The rabbits were categorized in the early or late osseointegration period according to their sacrification date. Comparisons between the groups were made using statistical analysis of histomorphometric analysis, resonance frequency analysis and mechanical tests.

Results: The histomorphometry parameters showed that the bone area and the bone volume values have significantly increased in the early osseointegration period and the bone-implant contact values have significantly increased in the late osseointegration period in the LIPU treated subjects when compared to the control group. RFA scores had mild increase in the LIPU group. However the difference was not statistically significant. Mechanical test results suggest an increased mechanical stability in the LIPU group as well.

Conclusions: Results of this pilot study indicate that low intensity pulsed ultrasound may have positive effects on osseointegration and stability of dental implants. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:254-262)
Evaluation of Treatments in Patients with Nocturnal Bruxism on Bite Force and Occlusal Contact Area: A preliminary report
Authors: Alkan Alper , Bulut Emel , Arici Selim , Sato Shuichi
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of occlusal splint therapy and tricyclic antidepressants on the bite force and occlusal contact area of patients presenting with nocturnal bruxism.

Methods: A maxillary full-coverage hard acrylic splint was applied to the five patients (Group S). Five patients took a tricyclic antidepressant (Amitriptiline HCl, 10 mg/day) for 3 months (Group A) and a control group (Group C) comprising of 10 dental school students with normal occlusion was also formed. Using a Dental Prescale (Fuji Photo Film Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and an Occluzer computer (FPD703, Fuji Photo Film Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) the bite force and occlusal contact area were measured. The evaluations were made just before the treatment and at 1 month and 3 months of treatment.

Results: The bite force and occlusal contact area before treatment in study Groups A and S were found to be higher than those in the Group C. Furthermore, the bite force and occlusal contact area increased during treatment in Group A whilst they decreased in Group S. Bite force and occlusal contact area in Group S were lower at both 1 month and 3 months of treatment than in Group C.

Conclusions: It could be tentatively suggested that occlusal splint therapy may be more effective than tricyclic antidepressant in the treatment of bruxism. Further investigations of this measurement method involving larger study populations and a longer follow-up period are needed. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:276-282)
Evaluating Mandibular Cortical Index Quantitatively
Authors: Yasar Fusun , Akgunlu Faruk
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim was to assess whether Fractal Dimension and Lacunarity analysis can discriminate patients having different mandibular cortical shape.

Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 52 patients were evaluated for mandibular cortical index. Weighted Kappa between the observations were varying between 0.718-0.805. These radiographs were scanned and converted to binary images. Fractal Dimension and Lacunarity were calculated from the regions where best represents the cortical morphology.

Results: It was found that there were statistically significant difference between the Fractal Dimension and Lacunarity of radiographs which were classified as having Cl 1 and Cl 2 (Fractal Dimension P:0.000; Lacunarity P:0.003); and Cl 1 and Cl 3 cortical morphology (Fractal Dimension P:0.008; Lacunarity P:0.001); but there was no statistically significant difference between Fractal Dimension and Lacunarity of radiographs which were classified as having Cl 2 and Cl 3 cortical morphology (Fractal Dimension P:1.000; Lacunarity P:0.758).

Conclusions: FD and L can differentiate Cl 1 mandibular cortical shape from both Cl 2 and Cl 3 mandibular cortical shape but cannot differentiate Cl 2 from Cl 3 mandibular cortical shape on panoramic radiographs. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:283-290)
Cytotoxicity of Dental Adhesives In Vitro
Authors: Koulaouzidou Elisabeth A. , Helvatjoglu-Antoniades Maria , Palaghias George , Karanika-Kouma Artemis , Antoniades Dimitrios
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of six dental adhesives (Admira Bond, Clearfil Liner Bond 2V, ED Primer II, Fuji Bond LC, Gluma Comfort Bond, and NanoBond) applied to cell cultures.

Methods: The experiments were performed on two cell lines, rat pulp cells (RPC-C2A) and human lung fibroblasts (MRC5). Samples of the adhesives were light-cured and placed in culture medium for 24 hours. The extraction media was applied on the RPC-C2A and the MRC5 cells. Complete medium was used as a control. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with a modified sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay after 24 hours of exposure.

Results: The cell survival of RPC-C2A cells exposed to Fuji Bond LC, NanoBond, Clearfil Liner Bond 2V, ED Primer II, Admira Bond and Gluma Comfort Bond was 73%, 67%, 50%, 20%, 18% and 5% respectively, relative to the cell survival with the control medium. In the MRC5 cell line, the relative survival was 98%, 80%, 72%, 41%, 19% and 7% after exposure to NanoBond, Fuji Bond LC, Clearfil Liner Bond 2V, ED Primer II, Admira Bond and Gluma Comfort Bond, respectively.

Conclusions: Different types of dental adhesives showed different cytotoxic effects on cells in vitro. The self-etch adhesives were superior in terms of cytotoxicity. The different cytotoxic effects of dental adhesives should be considered when selecting an appropriate adhesive for operative restorations. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:3-9)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Three-Rooted Maxillary Premolars
Authors: Arisu Hacer Deniz , Alacam Tayfun
Published: September 2019

Anatomical variations must be considered in clinical and radiographical evaluations during endodontic treatment. Access cavity modifications may be required for stress free entry to complex anatomy. Higher magnification and illumination can be useful for access cavity preparation and to recognize and locate additional canals. This article describes the diagnosis and clinical management of two clinical cases of three rooted maxillary premolars. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:62-66)
Double Dens Invaginatus: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Zengin A. Zeynep , Sumer A. Pinar , Celenk Peruze
Published: September 2019

Dens invaginatus results from an infolding of the outer surface of a tooth. The clinical importance of dens invaginatus results from the risk of pulpal disease. So, all clinicians should be aware of
this anomaly. The presence of double dens invaginatus is extremely rare. This article presents three cases of double dens invaginatus in permanent maxillary lateral incisors, one with preventive restoration on its palatal surface. They were classified as double dens invaginatus because of two enamel lined invaginations presented in the crowns of these teeth. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:67-70)
Detection of Treponema Denticola in Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis and in Symptomatic Apical Abscesses by Real-Time PCR
Authors: Ozbek Selcuk M. , Ozbek Ahmet , Erdogan Aziz S.
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Treponema denticola in symptomatic apical periodontitis and in symptomatic apical abscesses by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.

Methods: Microbial samples were collected from 60 single-rooted teeth having carious lesions and necrotic pulps. For each tooth, clinical data including patient symptoms were recorded. Teeth were categorized by diagnosis as having symptomatic apical periodontitis or symptomatic apical abscess. Aseptic microbial samples were collected using paper points from 30 infected root canals and from aspirates of 30 abscesses. DNA was extracted from the samples by using a QIAamp® DNA mini-kit and analyzed with real-time PCR.

Results: T. denticola was detected in 24 of 30 cases diagnosed as symptomatic apical abscesses (80%), and 19 of 30 cases diagnosed as symptomatic apical periodontitis (63.3%). In general T. denticola was found in 43 of 60 cases (71.6%).

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that T. denticola can participate in the pathogenesis of symptomatic apical abscesses. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:107-113)
Unusually Large Submandibular Sialoliths: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Alkurt Meryem Toraman , Peker Ilkay
Published: September 2019

Sialoliths are the most common diseases of the salivary glands. They may occur in any of the salivary gland ducts but are most common in Wharton’s duct and the submandibular gland. This report presents clinical and radiographical signs of two unusually large sialoliths. There were painless swellings on the floor of the mouth in both cases. Radiographical examination revealed large irregular radioopaque mass superimposed right canine and premolar areas. After the lesions were removed, histopathological examination was performed and lesions were diagnosed as sialoliths. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:135-139)
Effects of Fluorosis and Self Etching Primers on Shear Bond Strengths of Orthodontic Brackets
Authors: Gungor Ahmet Yalcin , Turkkahraman Hakan , Adanir Necdet , Alkis Huseyin
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the effects fluorosis and self etching primers (SEP) on shear bond strengths (SBS) of orthodontic brackets.

Methods: A total of 48 (24 fluorosed and 24 non-fluorosed) non-carious freshly extracted human permanent premolar teeth were used in this study. Fluorosed teeth were selected according to the modified Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI), which is based on the clinical changes in fluorosed teeth. Fluorosed and non-fluorosed teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 12 each. In groups I (non-fluorosed teeth) and II (fluorosed teeth), standard etching protocol was used and brackets were bonded with Light Bond. In groups III (non-fluorosed teeth) and IV (fluorosed teeth), Transbond Plus SEP was used and brackets were bonded with Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive. All specimens were cured with a halogen light. After bonding, SBS of the brackets were tested with Universal testing machine. After debonding, all teeth and brackets in the test groups were examined under 10x magnifications. Any adhesive remained after debonding was assessed and scored according to the modified Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI).

Results: ANOVA indicated a significant difference between groups (P<.001). SBS in group II (Light Bond+Fluorosis) were significantly lower than other groups. ARI scores of the groups were also significantly different (P<.001). There was a greater frequency of ARI scores of 1,2 and 3 in group II (Light Bond+Fluorosis).

Conclusions: When standard etching protocol was used enamel fluorosis significantly decreased
the bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Satisfactory bond strengths were obtained when SEP was
used for bonding brackets to the fluorosed teeth. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:173-177)
Double Inverted Mesiodentes: Report of an Unusual Case
Authors: Canoglu Ebru , Er Nuray , Cehreli Zafer C.
Published: September 2019

This report presents an extremely rare occurrence of two inverted mesiodentes in a child patient. Extraction of both mesiodentes was indicated, owing to the axial rotation of the permanent central incisors caused by these impacted supernumerary teeth. Radiographic evidence of complete healing was observed 24 months following surgical removal of the inverted mesiodentes. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:219-223)
Extensive Ameloblastic Fibroma in an Adolescent Patient: A Case Report with a Follow-Up of 4 Years
Authors: Pitak-Arnnop Poramate , Chaine André , Dhanuthai Kittipong , Bertrand Jacques-Charles , Bertolus Chloé
Published: September 2019

Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is a rare odontogenic tumour of the jaw which usually occurs in the first 2 decades of life. The common clinical manifestation is a slow-growing swelling. We report a case of a 16-year-old male patient presenting with extensive AF of the mandible. He underwent a conservative enucleation. The tumour recurred 2 years after the initial surgery, requiring the second enucleation.The patient has continued to be followed closely and has been disease-free for 4 years. Recent evidence suggests that the recurrent rate of AF is relatively high, and malignant transformation of AF may occur after recurrences or multiple surgeries. A conservative treatment approach with close surveillance is recommended. Anatomical limitations should be taken into account, especially when enucleation of AF in the posterior portion of the jaw is performed. Current surgical pathologic issues of the tumour are also discussed. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:224-228)
Histological Characteristics of Ligaments between Middle Ear and Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Sencimen Metin , Varol Altan , Baykal Baris , Altug Hasan Ayberk , Dogan Necdet , Sahin Sermet , Okcu Kemal Murat , Yalcin Bulent
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To examine histological aspects of the ligaments between the middle ear and temporomandibular joint and suppose a theoretical role of their structural characteristics on mobility of mallear ossicle.

Methods: The ligaments were obtained by microdissection of middle cranial fossa on both sites of 15 cadavers fixed in formalin solution and were sectioned longitudinally (7-10 µm thickness). The sections were stained with Verhoff’s Van Gieson’s stain (VVG) for demonstration of elastic fibers and visualized at X2.5 and X10 magnifications under light microscopy.

Results: Anterior mallear ligament (AML) and sphenomandibular ligaments (SML) were consisted of collagen fibres in analyzed specimens. The discomallear ligament (DML) was constituted
of rich collagenous fibres. One specimen of DML harvested between petrotympanic fissure and
retrodiscal-capsular intersection site contained elastic fibers dispersed in cotton-bowl appearance between collagen fibers. In the light of functional tests performed in previous studies, it could be extrapolated that presence of elastic fibers in the DML may prevent excessive forces conducted to mallear head by elongation of elastic fibers.

Conclusions: Collagenous fibres have no ability to stretch along their axis which may lack compensatory mechanism to prevent mallear head mobility. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:280-284)
Bond Strength of One-Step Adhesives under Different Substrate Moisture Conditions
Authors: Faria-e-Silva André Luís , Fabião Mayra Melo , Sfalcin Ravana Angelini , Meneses Murilo de Souza , Santos-Filho Paulo César Freitas , Soares Paulo Vinícius , Martins Luís Roberto
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of one-step adhesive systems to dry or moist dental substrate.

Methods: Thirty human third molars were sectioned into two halves, in the mesio-distal direction, parallel to the long axis of the tooth. Each half was embedded in a polystyrene resin cylinder so that the buccal/lingual surface remained exposed. This exposed surface was abraded to obtain both flat exposed enamel and dentin. The samples were randomly allocated according to the adhesive system (Xeno III, Adper Prompt and iBond) and moisture condition (dry and moist). The substrates were air-dried for 30 s for dry condition, while the moist substrates were re-wet with 2.5 µl of distilled water after drying. After the adhesive procedures, two resin composite cylinders were build-up on dentin and enamel substrates, totaling four per sample. A shear load was applied to the samples at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure. Data were statistically analyzed by three-way ANOVA and the Tukey test (α=0.05).

Results: The evaluated one-step adhesives showed higher bond strength to dentin than enamel. The iBond presented better bond performance to moist substrate and Xeno III to dry substrate. The moisture condition did not interfere in the performance of Adper Prompt. The Xeno III and iBond presented higher bond strength than the other adhesives to both dry and moist substrates.

Conclusions: The moisture condition of substrate interfered in the performance of one-step selfetching adhesives and the best moisture condition was material dependent. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:290-296)
Evaluation of Craniofacial Morphology of Children with Dental Fluorosis in Early Permanent Dentition Period
Authors: Dogan Alev Aksoy , Bolpaca Pinar
Published: September 2019

Objectives: High intake of fluoride (>1.5 mg/L) for a prolonged period may lead to skeletal fluorosis as well as dental fluorosis. The aim of this study was to compare the craniofacial characteristics of children with dental fluorosis in early permanent dentition period to those without fluorosis.

Methods: Two hundred and sixteen children in early permanent dentition (girls:121, boys:95)
were included in the study. Study group was composed of 124 children with dental fluorosis who
was born and grew up in Isparta (girls:75, boys:49) whereas control group of children (n=92: 46 girls and 46 boys) had no dental fluorosis. Dental fluorosis was classified using Thylstrup Fejerskov Fluorosis Index. Radiological evaluation was performed by cephalometric tracing using Björk analysis. Statistical evaluation in between study and control groups was done by Independent Samples T test and comparison with Björk’s standards was done by One Sample T test analysis. The association between two quantitative variables was evaluated with Pearson’s correlation coefficient (rho).

Results: The mean dental fluorosis level was 4.6±1.8 for children with fluorosis. Systemic fluorosis affect girls no different than boys in the early permanent dentition period because none of the angular measurements show significant difference between boys and girls in the fluoridated group. Comparison of craniofacial angular values of boys with fluorosis show greater diversity compared to boys without fluorosis against Björk’s mean values for boys.

Conclusions: Craniofacial morphology of children with fluorosis did not show great diversity than the ones without fluorosis in the early permanent dentition period. None of the angular measurements were significantly different between boys and girls in the fluoridated group which might imply that systemic fluorosis did not show gender difference in the early permanent dentition. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:304-313)
Different Clinical Applications of Bondable Reinforcement Ribbond in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Tuloglu Nuray , Bayrak Sule , Tunc Emine Sen
Published: September 2019

Ribbond is a bondable, biocompatible, esthetic, translucent and easy-to-use reinforced ribbon. By virtue of its wide spectrum of intended properties, it enjoys various applications in clinical dentistry. This case report demonstrates usage of Ribbond as a space maintainer, a fixed partial denture with a natural tooth pontic, an endodontic post and cores and a splint material in children. Ribbond can be used as an alternative to conventional treatment in pediatric dentistry. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:329-334)
Vincristine Neuropathy in Children: Squatting (Sitting Cross Legged) Predisposes Common Peroneal Nerves to Be More Severely Affected than Tibial Nerves
Authors: Koul Roshan , Naiha Al Harousi Saleem Saleh , AlNabhani Sousan , AlFutaisi Amna
Published: October 2019

Objective The main objective of this article was to evaluate vincristine neuropathy effect on common peroneal and tibial nerves.

Methods A retrospective study was conducted in children with vincristine neuropathy between August 2006 and January 2016 at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital.

Results Twenty-eight children (15 females and 13 males) were included in the study. The compound muscle action potential of common peroneal nerves was significantly reduced relative to the tibial nerves (p < 0.05)). There was no difference in latency and nerve conduction velocity between the two nerves.

Conclusion Children receiving vincristine demonstrate severe peroneal neuropathy compared with tibial nerves. We conclude that squatting posture effects peroneal nerves and postulate that the peroneal nerves are affected more due to the squatting posture. This squatting posture stretches the nerves that are already affected by the toxic effect of vincristine.
A Simple Method to Reduce the Incidence of Cyclops Lesion after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Nagira Keita , Enokida Makoto , Hayashi Ikuta , Ishida Koji , Kanaya Haruhisa , Nagashima Hideki
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of debridement in and around the bone tunnels on the prevalence of cyclops lesion (CL), after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with hamstring grafts. Our hypothesis was that bone tunnel debridement during ACLR would reduce the prevalence of CL. Methods for debridement in and around the bone tunnels after tunnel drilling were standardized and applied to 38 knees undergoing double-bundle ACLR between 2011 and 2014, Group A (debridement group). Group B (nondebridement group) included 56 knees in which bone tunnel debridement was not performed. Postoperative MRI was performed to evaluate the presence of CL and the following three criteria: (1) the intercondylar site of CL (grade 1–3), depending on its anterior extent along the femoral condyle; (2) posterior bowing of the ACL graft; and (3) the positional relationship between the frontmost fiber of ACL graft and Blumensaat's line. If CL caused loss of extension or pain or discomfort during knee extension, it was defined as symptomatic CL (SCL). CL was detected in 8 cases (21.1%) in Group A and 26 cases (46.4%) in Group B. The prevalence of CL was significantly lower in Group A than in Group B (p = 0.010), and the risk ratio of CL was 0.31 (95% confidence interval: 0.12–0.79). Furthermore, 10 patients in Group B had SCL, compared with none in Group A (p = 0.004). In Group A, the intercondylar site of CL was grade 1 in all cases, while in Group B, the CL grades were 1 (n = 17), 2 (n = 7), 3 (n = 2) (p = 0.008). There were no cases of posterior bowing of the ACL in Group A, but six cases in Group B (p = 0.023). Debridement in and around the bone tunnel is a simple and effective method of preventing CL and SCL after ACLR. The level of evidence for the study is 3.