bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cottonscope fiber maturity, fineness, and ribbon width measurements with different sample sizes
Authors: Rodgers James , Naylor Geoffrey RS , Cui Xiaoliang , Delhom Chris , Hinchliffe Doug
Published: November 2014

The accurate and precise measurement of cotton maturity and fineness is often difficult, laborious, and/or expensive to perform. The Cottonscope® rapidly, accurately, and precisely measures fiber maturity and fineness with small quantities of sample (approximately 50 mg). Interest has been expressed in the use of different sample weights of fiber, especially lower sample weights by geneticists. A program was implemented to establish the capabilities of the Cottonscope to rapidly and accurately measure maturity (maturity ratio (MR), original polarized light microscopy maturity ratio (MRBF)), fineness, and ribbon width with different sample weights of fiber. The change in sample weight significantly impacted the Cottonscope results for MR, fineness, and ribbon width. Fineness was most impacted by varied sample weight. The impacts of sample weights on the cotton results were removed by re-calibrating the instrument at each sample weight. Decreasing the sample weight below 50 mg increased sample measurement times, especially at 10 mg sample weight. These results demonstrated that the Cottonscope can accurately and precisely measure the fiber’s maturity, fineness, and ribbon width with cotton fiber samples as small as 10 mg.
The Thomistic Revival and the Relationship between the Jesuits and the Papacy, 1878–1914
Authors: Rafferty Oliver P.
Published: November 2014

The revival of Scholasticism by Pope Leo XIII with his encyclical Aeterni Patris (1879) had been in preparation for at least half a century. He hoped that Thomism would not only give the Church a complete program for revival of the sacred sciences but also enable the Church to effectively confront modernity. Leo’s chosen instrument to forward this scenario was the Society of Jesus. This hope continued under his successor, Pope Pius X, but the Vatican’s struggles against Modernism surfaced growing tensions both among Jesuits themselves and in their relationship with the papacy.
The Aesthetics of Tradition and the Styles of Theology
Authors: Thiel John E.
Published: November 2014

This article attempts to bridge the post-Vatican II “conservative–liberal” divide in theology by appealing to the interpretive category of aesthetics. It delineates two aesthetical sensibilities toward Catholic tradition in the contemporary Church—a classical sensibility and a developmental sensibility for the traditionally beautiful. Regarding both as authentically Catholic, the author explores the differing styles of theology that issue from each aesthetics, and argues for the need on the part of each style to appreciate the efforts of the other to capture the beauty of tradition.
Creation as an Ecumenical Problem: Renewed Belief through Green Experience
Authors: Hughson Thomas
Published: November 2014

Loss of a sense of creaturehood and of members has occurred across the lines of divided churches in a secular context. The author explores the question whether green experience of nature can be a path toward a renewed sense of creaturehood. Bernard Lonergan’s distinction between faith and belief allows for identifying a primordial faith that interprets the cosmos as numinous. Ignatius of Loyola’s Spiritual Exercises interprets primordial faith with the biblical word of God as Creator. Why not develop local ecumenical experiments in reevangelization that address green experience?
Tridentine Motivations of Pope John XXIII before and during Vatican II
Authors: Wicks Jared
Published: November 2014

Angelo Roncalli believed in the Church’s potential, from Christ and the Holy Spirit, to become ever again rejuvenated. This came from his prolonged work editing the records of Metropolitan Archbishop Charles Borromeo’s 1575 visitation of his own diocese of Bergamo. The visitation applied Trent’s reform decrees and renewed a large diocese by imposing new standards of Catholic life. As Pope John XXIII, Roncalli wanted to promote such a Catholic rejuvenation through the Second Vatican Council, at which his objective of pastoral revitalization gradually took hold among the council members.
Response Error in Reporting Dental Coverage by Older Americans in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Moeller John F. , Manski Richard J. , Mathiowetz Nancy A. , Campbell Nancy , Pepper John V.
Published: November 2014

The aim of this research was to analyze the inconsistency in responses to survey questions within the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) regarding insurance coverage of dental services. Self-reports of dental coverage in the dental services section were compared with those in the insurance section of the 2002 HRS to identify inconsistent responses. Logistic regression identified characteristics of persons reporting discrepancies and assessed the effect of measurement error on dental coverage coefficient estimates in dental utilization models. In 18% of cases, data reported in the insurance section contradicted data reported in the dental use section of the HRS by those who said insurance at least partially covered (or would have covered) their (hypothetical) dental use. Additional findings included distinct characteristics of persons with potential reporting errors and a downward bias to the regression coefficient for coverage in a dental use model without controls for inconsistent self-reports of coverage. This study offers evidence for the need to validate self-reports of dental insurance coverage among a survey population of older Americans to obtain more accurate estimates of coverage and its impact on dental utilization.
Hope, Agency, or Disconnect
Authors: Bentley-Edwards Keisha L.
Published: November 2014

Social cohesion and agency in Blacks have not been sufficiently explored in a culturally relevant context. The current study ( n = 242 Black college students) explores the concept of racial cohesion, or the intersection of racial identity, common fate destiny, and sociopolitical agency by determining the psychometric properties of the Racial Cohesion Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis established that the Racial Cohesion Questionnaire had two factors, Racial Agency and Psychological Cohesion. Additionally, racial ambivalence and disconnect was measured by the Black Racial Dissonance Inventory, which was determined using exploratory factor analysis. Racial cohesion and dissonance were also investigated for their relationship with community engagement and racism stress.
Political values count but issue ownership decides? How stable and dynamic factors influence party set and vote choice in multiparty systems
Authors: Karlsen Rune , Aardal Bernt
Published: November 2014

This article addresses the relationship between latent predispositions and political campaign communication. We propose that political values are decisive in a voter’s calculation of which parties she may consider voting for, constituting his or her party set. Furthermore, we argue that the theory of issue ownership contributes to explaining the choice of party within the party set. In addition to investigating salient single issue ownership, we relate issue ownership to parties presenting voters with comprehensive policy packages and study the effect of cumulative issue ownership, that is, issue ownership in several policy areas. We test the hypotheses using data from the Norwegian Election Study of 2009. Our findings support our expectations: stable elements affect which parties are included in the party set, and issue ownership affect the choice between the parties within the set. However, political values also affect the choice between parties in the set. Finally, our data show that cumulative issue ownership has a greater effect than issue ownership of one particularly salient issue. The final section of the article discusses the implications for the theory of issue ownership in general and the model presented in this article in particular.
Comparison of Patterns of Psychopathology in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Patients versus Functional Rhinoplasty Patients
Authors: Naraghi Mohsen , Atari Mohammad
Published: November 2014

Objectives

To determine whether candidates for aesthetic rhinoplasty show more severe symptoms of psychopathology in comparison with functional rhinoplasty patients.

Study Design

Case‐control study. Aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates were taken as cases and functional rhinoplasty patients comprised the control group.

Setting

A surgical center for rhinoplasty.

Subjects and Methods

Forty‐two patients seeking either aesthetic rhinoplasty (n = 21) or functional rhinoplasty (n = 21) were included in this study in winter 2012 using a convenience sampling method. All patients were asked to complete the Symptom Check List‐90‐Revised (SCL‐90‐R) preoperatively. An independent t test was performed for each subscale of the instrument. Cohen’s d was calculated as a measure of effect size. Pearson’s correlation was also performed between the subscales.

Results

Independent t test verified that aesthetic rhinoplasty patients scored significantly higher in 8 subscales of the SCL‐90‐R in comparison with functional rhinoplasty patients as control group. Aesthetic rhinoplasty seekers showed more severe symptoms in obsessive‐compulsive disorder (P <. 01), depression (P <. 01), interpersonal problems (P <. 01), psychoticism (P <. 05), paranoia (P <. 05), hostility (P <. 05), phobia (P <. 01), and general psychopathology (P <. 01). All subscales were correlated strongly in the current sample.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that a sample of patients seeking aesthetic rhinoplasty had higher symptoms in various components of psychopathology compared with a control group. Therefore, preoperative psychological screening of aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates may be useful.
Detextualizing: How to write a history of audiences
Authors: Bourdon Jérôme
Published: November 2014

This article discusses the specific epistemological and methodological difficulties which historians of audience face while taking stock of recent developments in the field. It starts with a definition of the audience as an entity with both objective and subjective dimensions. It refutes the textualist claim according to which audiences are pure discursive entities. Put into historical perspective, textualism appears as less postmodern than romantic. This article then warns historians against another form of less conscious, ‘rampant textualism’: being influenced by ‘grand narratives’ based on axiologies of hopes and fears triggered by the media. They may provide interesting ideal-types but should not be considered as directly relevant to history. The main part of this article is devoted to a typology of sources, following four categories: from above (coming from media, political, administrative elites), from the side (references to audiences in other media, including art and literature), from below (written and more recently oral expressions of audience members) and from the media themselves (both physical artefacts and media messages). It shows the advantages and drawbacks of each and explains the danger of pitching one against the other (e.g. ‘good’ ethnography, against ‘bad’ statistics).
Values-Based Education for Sustainability Marketers
Authors: Markley Rountree Melissa , Koernig Stephen K.
Published: November 2014

Sustainable development has been a hot button issue for decades, and yet business schools continue to struggle with accessible, meaningful and effective strategies to incorporate the topic into their curricula. To extend the teaching toolbox of educators, we describe two complementary marketing courses that use values-based learning to incorporate a sustainability focus in conjunction with traditional marketing topics. Using nonprofit organizations as the foundation, experiential learning methods are presented that can facilitate development of the moral, ethical, and perceptual foundation graduates need to be successful in today’s sustainability focused marketplace. Specific objectives and measures related to building this foundation also are described. Preliminary results are presented suggesting that this two-pronged focus is very effective at increasing and maintaining interest in sustainability issues, as well as increasing the number of marketing students and graduates working in sustainability marketing positions.
Navigating the Transparency–Privacy Paradox in Public Sector Data Sharing
Authors: Graham Farrah Stone , Gooden Susan T. , Martin Kasey J.
Published: November 2014

This article examines the tension between transparency and privacy that public administrators face as they build multi-agency integrated data systems and work with researchers to harness the power of administrative data to inform policymaking. Analysis of qualitative data from 71 interviews with administrators and university researchers in four State Longitudinal Data System (SLDS) states (Maryland, Texas, Virginia, and Washington) and the U.S. Department of Education indicates the important effect that executive leadership, consistent and sound legal advice, and assessment of risk tolerance at the agency level can have on the structure and function of the overall project. Learning how to navigate this challenge and foster agency–researcher partnerships is fundamental for generating evidence-based research in public administration and policy.
Metastasizing Esthesioneuroblastoma in a Dog
Authors: Siudak K. , Klingler M. , Schmidt M. J. , Herden C.
Published: November 2014

A 7-year-old Afghan hound presented with a history of disorientation, loss of vision, and seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging helped identify a mass at the level of the main olfactory bulb that compressed and displaced adjacent tissues in the cribriform plate into the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Bony structures were osteolytic. After removing almost 80% of the mass, the tumor recurred a few months later. Due to severe respiratory distress and subsequent to an ultrasound diagnosis of a liver tumor, the dog was euthanized. In addition to the nasal mass, a single nodule in the liver and multiple nodules in the lung were present. All masses had similar cell morphology and were diagnosed as metastasizing esthesioneuroblastoma. The neoplastic cells expressed neuron-specific enolase and chromogranin A, and a few cells within the nasal mass were positive for cytokeratin. This is the first description of a canine esthesioneuroblastoma with distant metastases.
Epithelial Cell Shedding and Barrier Function
Authors: Williams J. M. , Duckworth C. A. , Burkitt M. D. , Watson A. J. M. , Campbell B. J. , Pritchard D. M.
Published: November 2014

The intestinal epithelium is a critical component of the gut barrier. Composed of a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) held together by tight junctions, this delicate structure prevents the transfer of harmful microorganisms, antigens, and toxins from the gut lumen into the circulation. The equilibrium between the rate of apoptosis and shedding of senescent epithelial cells at the villus tip, and the generation of new cells in the crypt, is key to maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, in both localized and systemic inflammation, this balance may be disturbed as a result of pathological IEC shedding. Shedding of IECs from the epithelial monolayer may cause transient gaps or microerosions in the epithelial barrier, resulting in increased intestinal permeability. Although pathological IEC shedding has been observed in mouse models of inflammation and human intestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. This process may also be an important contributor to systemic and intestinal inflammatory diseases and gut barrier dysfunction in domestic animal species. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about intestinal epithelial cell shedding, its significance in gut barrier dysfunction and host-microbial interactions, and where research in this field is directed.
Ovine and Bovine Congenital Abnormalities Associated With Intrauterine Infection With Schmallenberg Virus
Authors: Peperkamp N. H. , Luttikholt S. J. , Dijkman R. , Vos J. H. , Junker K. , Greijdanus S. , Roumen M. P. , van Garderen E. , Meertens N. , van Maanen C. , Lievaart K. , van Wuyckhuise L. , Wouda W.
Published: November 2014

In December 2011, a previously unknown congenital syndrome of arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly in sheep and cattle appeared in the Netherlands as an emerging epizootic due to Schmallenberg virus (SBV). Gross lesions in 102 lambs and 204 calves included porencephaly, hydranencephaly, cerebellar dysplasia and dysplasia of the brainstem and spinal cord, a flattened skull with brachygnathia inferior, arthrogryposis, and vertebral column malformations. Microscopic lesions in the central nervous system showed rarefaction and cavitation in the white matter, as well as degeneration, necrosis, and loss of neurons in the gray matter. Brain and spinal cord lesions were more severe in lambs than in calves. Ovine and bovine cases examined early in the outbreak showed encephalomyelitis. SBV infection was confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in brain samples in 46 of 102 lambs (45%) and in 32 of 204 calves (16%). Immunohistochemistry, performed on tissue samples from 18 RT-qPCR–positive lambs, confirmed the presence of bunyaviral antigen in neurons of the brain in 16 cases. SBV antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in fetal blood in 56 of 61 sampled ovine cases (92%). In a virus neutralization test, all tested dams of affected newborns, 46 ewes and 190 cows, were seropositive. Compared with other teratogenic viral infections, the pathogenesis and lesions of SBV in sheep and cattle fetuses are similar to those of other ruminant orthobunyaviruses. However, the loss of spinal ventral motor neurons and their tracts, resulting in micromyelia, distinguishes SBV infection from other viral central nervous system lesions in newborn ruminants.
An introduction to the psychoneuroimmunology of music: History, future collaboration and a research agenda
Authors: Fancourt Daisy
Published: November 2014

During the 1970s, research on music broadened from a predominantly historical and analytical study to one that explored music and psychology. The last two decades in particular have taken us a step further to explore music, psychology and neuroscience. This article explores how we could extend our research again through the exploration of the immunological impact of music. The influence of music on immune function has been reviewed in a recent article that has brought to light an intriguing body of evidence and highlighted the enormous promise of this field for further study. Such study has the potential to influence research in a number of related areas including music psychology, music and health, evolutionary musicology and music performance. However, there are a number of limitations to the current approach to such research; most significantly that studies are almost exclusively happening outside the field of music psychology. Consequently, drawing on theories of collaboration, a model is put forwards for how future studies should be conducted and a research agenda outlined.
The (BR)IC Way: An Alternative Path to Development?
Authors: Brand Alexander
Published: November 2014

This review article assesses two books against the background of the question of whether China and India as emerging economies provide a development ‘alternative’. The double meaning of this refers to, first, their own experience of recent rapid growth and the chances of replicating this development elsewhere. Second, it points to the external development assistance policies of the BRICs towards the global South and their impact on development thinking and practice.
“Stop Looking at Me!”
Authors: Miles-McLean Haley , Liss Miriam , Erchull Mindy J. , Robertson Caitlin M. , Hagerman Charlotte , Gnoleba Michelle A. , Papp Leanna J.
Published: November 2014

Objectification has been conceptualized as a form of insidious trauma, but the specific relationships among objectification experiences, self-objectification, and trauma symptoms have not yet been investigated. Participants were women with ( n = 136) and without ( n = 201) a history of sexual trauma. They completed a survey measuring trauma history, objectification experiences (body evaluation and unwanted sexual advances), constructs associated with self-objectification (body surveillance and body shame), and trauma symptoms. The relationships among the variables were consistent for both women with and without a history of sexual trauma. Our hypothesized path model fit equally well for both groups. Examination of the indirect effects showed that experiencing unwanted sexual advances was indirectly related to trauma symptoms through body shame for those with and without a history of sexual trauma. Additionally, for women with a history of sexual trauma, the experience of body evaluation was indirectly related to trauma symptoms through the mediating variables of body surveillance and body shame. The data indicate that the experience of sexual objectification is a type of gender-based discrimination with sequelae that can be conceptualized as insidious trauma. Clinicians may consider the impact of these everyday traumatic experiences when working with women who have clinical symptoms but no overt trauma history.
Surviving Parents’ Influence on Adult Children’s Depressive Symptoms Following the Death of a First Parent
Authors: Stokes Jeffrey E.
Published: November 2014

Parents and children are linked across the life course, and they share common experiences. This article focuses on the bereavement experience of adult children’s loss of a first parent during adulthood and examines the downward influence of emotional closeness with a surviving parent on adult children’s depressive symptoms following loss. Analyses are based on adult children who experienced the death of a first parent ( N = 227), drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Generations, a study of three-and four-generation families from Southern California. Multilevel lagged dependent variable models indicate that an emotionally close relationship with a surviving parent is related with fewer post-bereavement depressive symptoms when a mother survives a father, but not vice versa. This analysis extends the theory of linked lives and highlights the mutual influence parents and children exert, as well as the complex role of gender in shaping family relationships.
Rasch Analysis of the Lubben Social Network Scale–6 (LSNS-6)
Authors: Gray Jennifer , Kim Jinsook , Ciesla James R. , Yao Ping
Published: November 2014

The purposes of this article are to review the psychometric properties of the Lubben Social Network Scale–6 (LSNS-6) and to determine its utility in assessing social networks of an older adult community sample. We tested the LSNS-6 with Rasch methodology using a sample of 196 older adults, aged 55 and above who live in public and subsidized housing facilities. Rasch analysis showed unidimensionality of the overall scale, high person and item reliability, and good fit of individual items with one exception. Principal component analysis (PCA) of Rasch model residuals suggested family and friend subdimensions. Response categories demonstrated improvement when six categories were collapsed to four. A person-threshold map indicated ceiling and floor effects due to lack of items measuring less and more developed social networks. Recommendations provided in this article can make the LSNS-6 more psychometrically sound and useful in research and practical contexts.
Psychometric Properties of the Working Memory Rating Scale for Spanish-Speaking English Language Learners
Authors: Guzman-Orth Danielle , Grimm Ryan , Gerber Michael , Orosco Michael , Swanson H. Lee , Lussier Cathy
Published: November 2014

The Working Memory Rating Scale (WMRS) was designed as a behavioral rating tool to assist teachers in identifying students at risk of working memory difficulties. The instrument was originally normed on 417 monolingual English-speaking children from the United Kingdom. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the WMRS on 459 first- to third-grade Spanish-speaking English Language Learners. Results indicated the one-factor model demonstrated adequate fit to the data. High convergent validity emerged with the Conners’ rating scale, but weak correlations occurred with achievement, vocabulary, phonological, short-term memory, and working memory measures. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Quercetin ameliorates atrazine-induced changes in the testicular function of rats
Authors: Abarikwu Sunny O , Farombi Ebenezer O
Published: November 2014

The protective effect of quercetin (QT) on atrazine (ATZ)-induced testicular damage in rats was investigated. Sexually mature male Wistar rats (weighing 220–250 g) divided into four groups with six animals in each group were given ATZ (120 mg kg−1; 1/16 of the median lethal dose for an oral dose) and/or QT (10 mg kg−1) daily via gavage for 16 days. By the end of day 16, rats given ATZ alone had significantly lower sperm counts, daily spermatozoa production, and sperm motility and significantly higher abnormal sperm numbers than the untreated control rats. The rats given ATZ alone also had significantly decreased 3β-hydroxtsteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17β-HSD activities than the control rats. Lactate dehydrogenase activity and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased, whereas superoxide dismutase activity decreased but glutathione levels remain unaffected after ATZ exposure. These changes were reversed toward control values in the QT + ATZ-treated animals, though the sperm motility was 28% below the control levels but was still higher than in the ATZ-treated rats. The results indicate that QT might improve testicular function of rats exposed to ATZ, but its protective effect on sperm motility might be partial.
L’attraction commerciale revisitée : de la gravitation aux flux d’achat, une application du géomarketing
Authors: Douard Jean-Pierre , Heitz Michèle , Cliquet Gérard
Published: November 2014

L’attraction commerciale évolue avec la mobilité croissante des consommateurs. Cet article développe une méthode d’analyse des flux d’achat fondée sur l’utilisation des bases de données localisées, afin de permettre l’estimation, pour des points de vente, des possibilités de captation de stocks et de flux de clientèle dans une aire de marché. Cette méthode facilite l’évaluation des comportements d’achat effectifs et non plus spéculatifs à partir d’un nombre restreint de variables explicatives. Elle débouche sur des possibilités nouvelles d’évaluation des comportements d’achat induits par des modifications de l’offre. Elle est comparée aux modèles traditionnels d’attraction et montre une meilleure fiabilité des résultats dans la mesure de l’attraction des points de vente. Elle souligne les complémentarités entre territoires et les phénomènes d’évasion sur les marchés locaux. La méthode constitue une aide à la décision quant aux choix de localisation, de taille, de format et d’assortiment des points de vente.
Vers un modèle de formation de la valeur perçue d’une innovation :le rôle majeur des bénéfices perçus en amont du processus d’adoption
Authors: Rivière Arnaud
Published: November 2014

Afin de mieux comprendre le comportement du consommateur lors des premières phases d’interaction avec un nouveau produit, un modèle de formation de la valeur perçue d’une innovation est proposé et testé. L’étude quantitative, menée dans le secteur automobile auprès de 828 individus, démontre qu’en amont du processus d’adoption, la valeur perçue d’une nouveauté est seulement influencée par ses bénéfices perçus mais n’est pas affectée par ses sacrifices perçus. De même, les variables individuelles n’influencent pas directement la valeur perçue mais seulement les caractéristiques perçues du nouveau bien.
Nouvelle approche conceptuelle et opérationnelle du lien entre un individu et sa region : l’appartenance régionale
Authors: Charton-Vachet Florence , Lombart Cindy
Published: November 2014

L’objectif de cette recherche est double : 1° approfondir la connaissance du lien entre un individu et sa région par le biais d’une étude qualitative exploratoire (réalisée sous la forme de seize entretiens individuels semi-directifs et de deux réunions de groupe de huit personnes chacune), et proposer, en conséquence, un nouveau concept spécifique : l’appartenance régionale, définie comme le lien positif et identitaire entre un individu et un espace physique, social et culturel, appréhendé par cet individu comme son territoire régional ; 2° développer une échelle de mesure de ce nouveau concept, fiable, valide, synthétique et généralisable. Pour ce faire, l’étude qualitative exploratoire réalisée a tout d’abord permis de générer un échantillon d’items pour chacune des trois dimensions de ce concept (physique, sociale et culturelle). Quatre collectes de données quantitatives ont ensuite été menées auprès de 1691 consommateurs pour, successivement, purifier puis confirmer l’échelle de mesure développée, établir les validités convergente, discriminante et prédictive de cette échelle (comportant trois dimensions mesurées par douze items) et tester sa validité écologique.
Mieux comprendre les comportements alimentaires grâce au concept de perception du risque nutritionnel
Authors: Laporte Marie-Eve , Michel Géraldine , Rieunier Sophie
Published: November 2014

Le comportement nutritionnel des populations est une priorité pour les pouvoirs publics. En effet, les maladies associées sont la première cause de mortalité dans le monde. Dans un souci de santé publique, il est essentiel de mieux comprendre la Perception du Risque Nutritionnel par le consommateur (PRN), car elle influence l’intention comportementale d’après le modèle de la motivation à se protéger (Maddux et Rogers, 1983 ; Rogers, 1975). A travers une synthèse de la littérature et une étude qualitative, cet article clarifie le concept de PRN, explore de potentiels facteurs explicatifs ou modérateurs, et identifie des pistes de recherche. Il montre que la PRN ne tient pas seulement aux caractéristiques du produit (rôle de la naturalité perçue), mais aussi au contexte de consommation (rôle de la commensalité) et d’achat (rôle de l’hyperchoix).
An Ad Hoc Nation
Authors: Danero Iglesias Julien
Published: November 2014

Since independence, nationalism has been at the front of politics in the Republic of Moldova in the context of a persisting political struggle about the very definition of the Moldovan nation. Looking at campaign video clips produced in 2009 by Moldovan political parties and using a methodology inspired by Critical Discourse Analysis, the article gives a better understanding of nationalism in Moldova nowadays. The article demonstrates that the focus of political parties on the nation is purely symbolic. They adapt their discourse to the context in which they evolve (audience of the videos and targeted voters). Pursuing the objective of gaining or holding on to power, parties construct an ad hoc nation whose content they fill with the needs of the moment, using mirroring arguments to win the elections over competing parties seen as enemies of an endangered country.
A Typology of School–Community Relationships
Authors: Casto Hope G. , Sipple John W. , McCabe Lisa A.
Published: November 2014

School–community relationships can serve many goals ranging from enhancing student achievement to community development. This article examines the relationship between school–community partnerships and community development in light of a state prekindergarten policy that requires partnering. To understand the local responses, we propose a typology using a continuum of partnering, from isolation to committed partner, and a continuum of community health, from declining to growth. Using mixed-method analysis, we apply this typology to the Universal Prekindergarten policy in New York State. The relationship among these measures illustrates the potential role of state education policy to positively or negatively affect the health of a community.
State P-20 Councils and Collaboration Between K-12 and Higher Education
Authors: Rippner Jennifer A.
Published: November 2014

For decades, numerous observers have agreed on the value of collaboration between K-12 and higher education—especially as these sectors work toward increasing college readiness and success. While most states maintain separate agencies for K-12 and higher education, many states have worked to foster collaboration through state P-20 councils. Policy makers’ interest in these councils has waned somewhat as evidenced by the decreasing number of state councils over the past few years. This may be because while collaboration is easy to initiate, it is difficult to do well and sustain. Therefore, understanding the mechanics of collaboration through P-20 council operations may help to improve their functioning and possibly become a more fruitful tool for states. In this study, three state P-20 councils are examined to understand what, if any, catalysts in the organizational structure of the councils promote collaboration.
Iso-scallop tool-path generation of five-axis computer numerically controlled machining for cyclide splines
Authors: Min Cheng , Gao Xiao-Shan
Published: November 2014

This article presents effective algorithms to generate iso-parametric and iso-scallop tool path of five-axis computer numerically controlled machining for cyclide spline surfaces with flat-end cutters. Optimal tool orientations are generated by making the contact order between the cyclide patch and the cutter envelope surface as high as possible. Based on the optimal tool orientation, efficient methods are proposed to generate iso-scallop and iso-parametric tool paths for cyclide spline surfaces. Together with the existing methods of fitting arbitrary surface with cyclide splines, the proposed method can be used to improve five-axis machining efficiency of free-form surfaces.
Multivariate statistical methods for detection of spur gear faults
Authors: Yuzukirmizi Mustafa , Arslan Hakan , Duman Oznur
Published: November 2014

In this study, multivariate statistical techniques are experimented for a spur gear system and a methodology is proposed. The approach is based on the analysis of multidimensional gear vibration data without any feature extradiction and data transformation. The scheme is performed using the vibration signals acquired from a lab-scale single stage gearbox in three dimensions of x, y and z directions. As a groundwork, multi-normality assumptions are established using homogeneity, autocorrelation, and univariate normality tests. The bi-dimensional frequency histograms are also plotted to show bi-normality for experimental gear data. Then, mean vectors and covariance matrices of conditions of good, worn, 1-tooth broken from wheel gear and 1-tooth broken from each pinion and wheel gear are estimated. To compare gear conditions statistically, multivariate analysis of variance is proposed and applied. Moreover, the single metric of Mahalanobis distances are calculated to classify unknown test samples, utilizing the maximum likelihood estimates. The numerical results indicate that multivariate statistical analysis techniques can be applied in early detection of spur gear faults, in which univariate tests fail.
Estimation of the climbing angle in the presence of yawing motion
Authors: Kim Inkeun , Bang Jaesung , Huh Kunsoo
Published: November 2014

The slope angle is one of the most influential factors which limit the control performance and the energy efficiency of not only internal-combustion engine vehicles but also electrified vehicles such as hybrid vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. However, measuring the slope angle is not easy because slope sensors are not sufficiently accurate and they are too expensive to implement in vehicles. In this study, the climbing angle as well as the slope angle are considered in the presence of yawing motion on a sloping road, and both angles are estimated. In order to describe the combined vehicle motions when turning on a sloping road, a new three-dimensional dynamics model is proposed including the heading angle with respect to the road slope orientation. The extended Kalman filter is designed on the basis of the three-dimensional dynamics model on a sloping road, and the key parameters for the sloping road are updated using the geometry relationship. The proposed estimation method is evaluated using simulations and field tests with a hybrid electric vehicle.
Variable structure and variable coefficient proportional-integral-derivative control to prevent actuator saturation of yaw movement for a coaxial eight-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Peng Cheng , Zhao Changchun , Gong Xun , Qiao Guanyu , Bai Yue , Xu Dongfu , Gao Qingjia , Tian Yantao
Published: November 2014

This paper focuses on the development of a coaxial eight-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with higher drive capability, greater payload capacity, and damage tolerance than a quad-rotor UAV. The dynamical and kinematical model for the coaxial eight-rotor is designed. Considering the yaw movement of the eight-rotor is weaker than the pitch movement and the roll movement, a new variable structure and variable coefficient proportional-integral-derivative (VSVCPID) anti-windup method is proposed as the yaw controller to prevent actuator saturation. VSVCPID method is easily implemented in practical engineering and has a strong robustness with conditional anti-windup. Finally, numerical simulations and prototype experiments indoors and outdoors corroborate that VSVCPID applied to the coaxial eight-rotor has accurate yaw control performance and strong robustness against external disturbances.
Robustness analysis and improvement of singular value decomposition algorithm for autonomous star identification
Authors: Yin Hang , Song Xin , Yan Ye
Published: November 2014

This paper presents a comprehensive robustness analysis of singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm for autonomous star identification and proposes an improved method based on the analytical results. Firstly, the SVD algorithm-based star identification is introduced and the inherent relationship between the eigenvalue and eigenvector and observed stars is expounded theoretically. Secondly, the error models of SVD algorithm in terms of position error, magnitude error, and mistaken stars are derived and formulated respectively, and then their robustness are investigated according to the different eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the characteristic matrix. Thirdly, a novel star-selection method is proposed to enhance the ability to tolerate errors by adopting three strategies: reduced pattern star number, pivot star constraint, and cost function criterion. In addition, a convenient and reliable validation process is designed by using inner product of matched star vectors. Finally, a number of experiments are carried out by statistics of 10,000 random star tracker orientations. The simulation results show that the improved SVD algorithm provides better performance, whose identification rate reaches up to 99.08% without errors. Besides, it makes the existing SVD algorithm more robust by increasing the original identification rate to about 90% or higher when errors exist.
Launch vehicle multi-objective reliability-redundancy optimization using a hybrid genetic algorithm-particle swarm optimization
Authors: Raouf N , Pourtakdoust Seid H
Published: November 2014

This paper focuses on multi-objective reliability optimization of a two-stage launch vehicle using a hybridized Genetic Algorithm-Particle Swarm Optimization with provisions of relative weighting between the objectives. In this respect, the launch vehicle key subsystems as well as their functions are initially introduced. Subsequently, the system reliability block diagram is constructed using the launch vehicle working order of the subsystems augmented with the requirements for a robust fault/failure tolerant design and performance. Next, based on the proposed reliability block diagram arrangement a bi-objective optimization is formulated to maximize the system reliability while minimizing the launch vehicle cost with design variables being the component reliability, system redundancy level, and the type of components. To examine the validity of the proposed algorithm, a benchmark problem in reliability-redundancy optimization is also investigated through the proposed scheme. Benchmark simulation results indicate that neither genetic algorithm nor the particle swarm optimization alone can produce sufficiently accurate optimal results, but their hybrid combination is more efficient and achieves the desired level of accuracy. Thus the proposed hybrid genetic algorithm-particle swarm optimization is applied to the problem of launch vehicle multi-objective reliability optimization that has resulted in a convex Pareto front, out of which many design points could be selected for implementation. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation is performed against the subsystem reliability uncertainty in order to analyze the effect of uncertainty on the total launch vehicle reliability and cost.
A CFD model for the oil discharge ratio in rotary compressors
Authors: Wu Jianhua , Hu Jiehao , Zhang Jie , Sun Min , Wang Gang , Chen Ang
Published: November 2014

The research on oil discharge ratio (ODR) of rotary compressors used for room air conditioners is very important to improve the performance and reliability of the compressors and their systems. This paper presents a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model for the refrigerant gas flow and oil droplet flow within the shell of the compressor, which is used for investigating ODR of the compressor subjected to design changes or under different operating speeds. The geometry of the rotary compressor and its oil separating burden was presented. The CFD simulation is based on the discrete phase model (DPM). The oil droplet size distribution was defined by the Rosin–Rammler diameter distribution method. The boundary conditions of the refrigerant gas and oil droplets were established. Validation of the CFD model has been made by measuring ODR of a rotary compressor used in the high efficiency air room conditioner for different design configurations and an inverter rotary compressor with R410A. The simulation ODRs of the compressor agree within 11% of the experimental-measured ODRs. The ODR of compressor could be reduced effectively by some technique.
Alpine lacustrine varved record reveals summer temperature as main control of glacier fluctuations over the past 2250 years
Authors: Glur Lukas , Stalder Nadja F , Wirth Stefanie B , Gilli Adrian , Anselmetti Flavio S
Published: November 2014

Glacier fluctuations are a key indicator of changing climate. Their reconstruction beyond historical times unravels glacier variability and its forcing factors on long time scales, which can considerably improve our understanding of the climate–glacier relationship. Here, we present a 2250-year-long reconstruction of particle-mass accumulation rates recorded in the lacustrine sediments of Lake Trüebsee (Central Swiss Alps) that are directly related to glacier extent, thus reflecting a continuous record of fluctuations of the upstream-located Titlis Glacier. Mass accumulation rate values show strong centennial to multi-centennial fluctuations and reveal 12 well-pronounced periods of enhanced values corresponding to times of maximum extent of the neighboring Lower Grindelwald Glacier. This result supports previous studies of proglacial lake sediments that documented high mass accumulation rate values during glacier advances. The strong variability in the Lake Trüebsee mass accumulation rate record thus represents a highly sensitive paleoclimatic archive, which mirrors rapid and pronounced feedbacks of Titlis Glacier to climatic changes over the past 2250 years. The comparison of our data with independent paleo-temperature reconstructions from tree rings suggests that variations in mean summer temperature were the primary driving factor of fluctuations of Titlis Glacier. Also, advances of Titlis Glacier occurred during the grand solar minima (Dalton, Maunder, Spörer, Wolf) of the last millennium. This relation of glacier extent with summer temperature reveals strong evidence that the mass balance of this Alpine glacier is primarily controlled by the intensity of glacier melting during summer.
New evidence of the presence of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Finland during early Holocene: Dispersal restricted by snow and hunting?
Authors: Ukkonen Pirkko , Mannermaa Kristiina , Nummi Petri
Published: November 2014

New radiocarbon dates from bones of the wild boar ( Sus scrofa) found in archaeological contexts in Finland indicate the presence of the species in Southern Finland c. 9000–8000 cal. BP, that is, before the Holocene thermal optimum. However, the number of wild boar was never large enough to support a permanent population. Reasons for the scarcity of wild boars even during the warmer periods may have been the thick snow cover, the growing human population near the distribution route, as well as hunting.
Changes in Holocene climate and the intensity of Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds based on a high-resolution palynological record from sub-Antarctic South Georgia
Authors: Strother Stephanie L , Salzmann Ulrich , Roberts Stephen J , Hodgson Dominic A , Woodward John , Van Nieuwenhuyze Wim , Verleyen Elie , Vyverman Wim , Moreton Steven G
Published: November 2014

Sub-Antarctic South Georgia is a key region for studying climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere, because of its position at the core of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Wind belt and between the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Polar Frontal Zone. Here, we present a 5.8-m long high-resolution pollen record from Fan Lake on Annenkov Island dominated by local sub-polar vegetation, with Acaena and Poaceae being present throughout the last 7000 years. Palynological and sedimentological analyses revealed a warm late Holocene ‘climate optimum’ between 3790 and 2750 cal. yr BP, which was followed by a gradual transition to cool and wet conditions. This cooling was interrupted by slightly warmer environmental conditions between 1670 and 710 cal. yr BP that partly overlap with the Northern Hemisphere ‘Medieval Climate Anomaly’. Increases in non-native and long-distance pollen grains transported from South America (e.g. Nothofagus, Podocarpus) indicate that stronger Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds over South Georgia possibly occurred during some ‘colder’ phases of the late Holocene, most notably between c. 2210 and 1670 cal. yr BP and after 710 cal. yr BP.
Gender and sport participation in Montenegro
Authors: Cooky Cheryl , Begovic Marko , Sabo Don , Oglesby Carole A , Snyder Marj
Published: November 2014

Since 2006, when the Montenegrin Parliament declared independence, Montenegro had experienced impressive economic growth averaging an annual rate of 8% (until early 2009 when the effects of the global economic crisis began to have an impact) and an upward trend in human development indicators. Nonetheless, these economic trends have been accompanied by a rise in gender inequality in many institutional sectors. This study is the first to investigate that status of women in Montenegrin sport. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to examine gender differences in sport participation rates as well as women’s experiences with both facilitators and barriers to sport involvement. The facilitators to sport participation were family support and a “love for the game.” Participants in the focus groups discussed barriers including: lack of family support; gender division of labor; school–sport balance; and lack of resources. Evidence-based strategies to increase and improve women’s sport participation in Montenegro are discussed.