bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelo matemático para cuantificar la deterioración de la yuca durante el proceso de secado
Authors: Ospina Mejía Julio E.
Published: December 2020

El 80% de la producción mundial de yuca es utilizada para el consumo humano, aportando cerca del 10% de las calorías requeridas por el hombre además de ser el producto alimenticio carbohidratado, básico de 300 millones de personas en los países tropicales. La yuca, por sus características de cosecha y elevada humedad está sujeta a la rápida deterioración, exigiendo técnicas adecuadas para su conservación y/o procesamiento. Una de las maneras para evaluar las pérdidas de la yuca durante el proceso de secado, es cuantificar la deterioración de barras rectangulares o rodajas de yuca, utilizando como criterio el cambio de la coloración de su pigmento externo, por ser un factor de calidad que determina simplemente el grado de aceptabilidad del producto.
Necesidades de investigación en ingeniería sísmica en Colombia
Authors: García Reyes Luis Enrique
Published: December 2020

A raíz de los temblores ocurridos recientemente en el país se ha despertado un interés cada vez mayor en los temas de la Ingeniería Sísmica. EI presente artículo resume las necesidades nacionales de investigación en el área y por lo tanto, es una valiosa guía para quienes estén dedicados a investigaciones complementarias.
Los computadores para graficación y los analizadores de imagen
Authors: Baquero Cortés Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2020

La graficación automática por computador facilita el trabajo de los dibujantes, convirtiéndolo en algo más agradable, eficiente y creativo; acorde con la evolución tecnológica moderna. El análisis automatizado de imágenes ayuda inmensamente en las investigaciones y en los experimentos a todo nivel.
La formulación de políticas científicas nacionales en los países en vías de desarrollo: análisis del caso cubano
Authors: López P. Arcesio
Published: December 2020

Quizá la experiencia más consistente a nivel latinoamericano en la formulación de políticas científicas y tecnológicas, sea el caso de Cuba, el cual es importante que se entre a analizar mediante un estudio libre de prejuicios políticos, teniendo en cuenta su situación de país en vías de desarrollo y los puntos culturales, históricos y geográficos que Colombia tiene en común con aquella nación del Caribe.
Evaluation of benign parotid gland tumors with superb microvascular imaging and shear wave elastography
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey, Cebeci Hakan , Öztürk Mehmet ,   Department of Radiology, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey, Durmaz Mehmet Sedat ,   Department of Radiology, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey, Kılınçer Abidin ,   Department of Radiology, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey, Erdur Ömer ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey, Çolpan Bahar ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
Published: December 2020

Aim of the study: This study aimed to examine the role of superb microvascular imaging and shear wave elastography for the pre-surgical evaluation of common parotid tumors. Material and methods: This single-center prospective study included 37 patients with parotid gland lesions. After institutional review board approval, grayscale, shear wave elastography and superb microvascular imaging ultrasound examinations were performed prior to biopsy or operation. The diagnosis of the lesions was based on cytological/pathological evaluation after the ultrasound examinations. Pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to obtain a cut-off value. A multivariate regression analysis was carried out. Results: The mean age of the patients (11 female, 26 male) was 48.2 ± 18. The shear wave elastography parameters of the lesions were not significantly different between pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors, while the vascular index obtained by using superb microvascular imaging was significantly different (p = 0.012). The mean vascular index was 2.9 ± 3.1 in pleomorphic adenomas, and 9.5 ± 9.5 in Warthin tumors. A cut-off value of 4.05 for the vascular index discriminated pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumors with 68% sensitivity and 72% specificity (the area under the curve was 0.768). Conclusion: Superb microvascular imaging is a novel ultrasound imaging technique which is useful for the discrimination of pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors.
Rapid quality assessment of bread using developed multivariate models: A simple predictive modeling approach
Authors: Pahlavan Aidin , Kamani Mohammad Hassan , Elhamirad Amir Hossein , Sheikholeslami Zahra , Armin Mohammad , Amani Hanieh
Published: December 2020

This study was focused on the assessment of relationships among the properties of wheat and their resultant flour, dough and final bread. For this purpose, multivariate linear regression in the form of the step-wise algorithm was applied to evaluate the relation among the flour characteristics of wheat with quality of dough and the final breads (Barbari and Lavash). The results showed that variety of wheat (Orum, Pishgam, and Zareh) could not affect the moisture content and quantity of the flour residue; however, considerable variation was observed on protein content and Zeleny number. The multivariate regression analysis built appropriate models to predict the hardness of the Barbari bread (R2 = 0.98) and specific volume of the Lavash bread (R2 = 0.98). Overall, the results indicated that the regression models in the form of step-wise might be useful as a non-destructive technique for assessing quality of bread.
The effect of hydrothermal treatment on industrial wastewater: Hungary as a case study
Authors: Al Ramahi Mahmood , Beszédes Sándor , Keszthelyi-Szabó Gábor
Published: December 2020

Industrial wastewater is a growing environmental challenge due to its high concentrations of organics and its limited biological degradability. Up to date, however, no published work discussed industrial wastewater characterization, which is the focus of this study. Moreover, the effect of hydrothermal treatment on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) release was investigated in this work. Wastewater samples were collected from different industrial sites and characterized in order to determine their initial properties. It was summarized that the salinity of wastewater estimated by EC was relatively low, and its pH values were in the acceptable range. On the other hand, however, high values of sodium absorption ratio (SAR) were obtained in all samples post to hydrothermal treatment. Nonetheless, our results revealed higher SCOD release post to hydrothermal treatment suggesting better efficiency of COD removal obtained by this treatment technique.
Analysis of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) berry shape by using elliptic Fourier descriptors
Authors: Bodor P. , Somogyi E. , Baranyai L. , Lázár J. , Bálo B.
Published: December 2020

Grapevine berry shape has important marketing value in the table grape commerce, hence variability evaluation of this characteristic is highly important. In this study berry shape of 5 table grape genotypes: “Fanny”, “Lidi”, “Hamburgi muskotály”, “Moldova”, and “Orsi” were compared. To evaluate the shape variability graphic reconstruction and elliptic Fourier analysis have been carried out. Shape outlines have been investigated and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been performed with the SHAPE software package. PCA of the contours showed that 6 out of the 77 principal components were effective to describe shape attributes. The first 6 PCs explained 94.51% of the total variance. PC1 associated with the width and length of the berry. PC2 related to the shape of the top and bottom of the berries, while PC3 linked to the ratio of the top and the bottom width. ANOVA of the principal component scores revealed significant difference among the genotypes. Results suggest that morphology of the berry is a variable not only among but within the accessions. Our findings confirmed that elliptic Fourier descriptors (EFDs) would be a powerful tool for quantifying grapevine berry morphological diversity.
Comparing microwave and convective heat treatment methods by applying colour parameters of wine
Authors: Korzenszky Péter , Géczi Gábor , Kaszab Timea
Published: December 2020

This research aims to determine whether the treatment of food products in a microwave electromagnetic field is advantageous or disadvantageous compared to conventional technologies. In household practice, microwave energy transfer is used mostly for heating. One of the most important tangible benefits of microwave heat treatment is that it causes less damage to the nutritional value of the product due to its speed.

Despite the fact that microwave technology was introduced more than 70 years ago, it is still not clear whether its application results in equivalent products in terms of quality and food safety.

This study demonstrates how heat-treated wines with microwave energy transmission and with convective heating in a thermostatic water bath are affected. In the white, rose and red wine samples pasteurized at a temperature of 74 ± 0.5 °C, significant differences between the two heating methods regarding colour characteristics could be indicated.
Heat treatment of liquid egg yolk
Authors: Ayari Emna , Németh Csaba , Hidas Karina Ilona , Tóth Adrienn , Láng Dávid , Friedrich László
Published: December 2020

Starting from mechanical revolution, each day new methods and new equipment have emerged. Today, the Ultra Heat Treatment (UHT) is one of the important technologies that permits to the industry to reduce processing time while maintaining the same quality of the products. Egg and egg products are known as heat-sensitive products, so the UHT enables us to preserve their qualities after a heat treatment.

Our aim is to study the effect of UHT treatment (approximately 67 °C for 190 s) on the Liquid Egg Yolk (LEY). For twenty-one days, the color and the apparent viscosity were measured every seven days, we also studied the damage of protein using DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry).

Comparing the two graphs of DSC, the denaturation of protein is distinct. The endothermic peak decreased. This could be seen also on the rheological curves. The apparent viscosity is diminished from 231 mPa.s on the 1st day of storage to 224 mPa.s on 21st day. However, the treated LEY could be stored for longer period than the raw LEY.
Artificial solar radiation protection of raspberry plantation
Authors: Szalay K. , Keller B. , Rák R. , Péterfalvi N. , Kovács L. , Souček J. , Sillinger F. , Jung A.
Published: December 2020

One of the biggest challenges of raspberry production in Hungary nowadays is reducing the unfavorable effects of climate change. The maturation phase of main varieties within this region falls in a period of extremely high temperature and atmospheric drought detaining desirable fruit growth. Dedicated plant breeding alone is not enough. An immediate action is required. There has been a need for physical protection against excessive direct radiation. In order to restore, or even save the domestic raspberry production and market, introducing of greenhouse or polytunnel solutions are needed. Experimental plantations of three different raspberry varieties were set in two repetitions: covered and uncovered versions. Each cover has characteristic interaction with light which can generate different environmental conditions and also differences in plant growth and fruit quality. Besides the monitoring of elementary biological indicators, a wide range of sensors (temperature, humidity, solar irradiation) was used to identify differences and to find the optimal tunnel material for maximal plant productivity. Within the framework of the project we also tested a portable spectroradiometer and a snapshot imaging camera to study the practical value of proximal sensing in water- and photosynthetic light use efficiency and vitality mapping.
Comparison of different thawing methods effect on the calorimetric and rheological properties of frozen liquid egg yolk
Authors: Hidas Karina Ilona , Németh Csaba , Visy Anna , Tóth Adrienn , Friedrich László Ferenc , Nyulas-Zeke Ildikó Csilla
Published: December 2020

Eggs are commonly used in the food industry because of their excellent nutrient value and also for their coagulating, foaming, emulsifying, colouring and flavouring properties. Manufacturers substitute shell eggs with processed egg products, such as liquid whole egg, liquid egg yolk or albumin. They have a shelf life of a few weeks, but freezing can increase it to 1 year. However, freezing causes gelation in case of egg yolk. This process is highly dependent on the conditions of freezing and thawing.

In our study, raw liquid egg yolk was frozen and stored for 14 days at −18 °C. On days 1, 7 and 14 samples were thawed by two different methods. Denaturation temperature and enthalpy were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Besides, rheological properties were examined at 20 °C, Herschel–Bulkley model was fitted to flow curves of the examined samples. The dry matter content was also recorded during the experiment. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyse data.

The results of the study showed that method of thawing had no significant effect on calorimetric and rheological properties and dry matter content. In contrast, freezing and frozen storage had a significant effect on denaturation enthalpy and rheological properties.
Monitoring of salt content during the dry salting of ham
Authors: Visy Anna , Hidas Karina Ilona , Surányi József , Jónás Gábor , Friedrich László
Published: December 2020

Excessive consumption of salt causes many diseases, including high blood pressure and cardiovascular system disease. In most countries, salt intake is above the WHO guideline daily intake. In Hungary, the average salt intake is more than double the recommended value. Based on these, significant changes are needed in food technology and recipes. To avoid excessive salt intake Hungary has joined the European Union's community program for salt reduction.

The aim of this study was to compare the salt content in different areas of Mangalitsa ham during the dry salting, and compare the average salt content with the regulations of the Codex Alimentarius Hungaricus. The ham was dry salted with 10% by weight of the meat and placed in a controlled atmosphere storage room. The curing took 21 days. The NaCl uptake was measured with Mohr method. The ham was cut at 3 points Cushion (C), Fore Cushion (FC) and Butt End (BE). The salt content of BE was generally higher than the other two areas (C, FC). The differences can be explained by the difference in the thickness of the pieces of meat and fat. The average salt content of the different areas did not exceed the threshold limit in the Codex Alimentarius Hungaricus. At the beginning of the experiment, the salt content of each meat layer was very different, the absorbed salt was concentrated in the surface layer. Over time, as the ham lost a lot of water and due to the lack of outer salt, a significant increase in salt content began in the meat centrum. By day 80, the salt content of the meat centrum exceeded the salt content of both the fat and the surface layer.
Effect of refrigerated storage on the technological characteristics of meat stick made of insect and pork •
Authors: Pinter Richard , Molnar Evelin , Hussein Khabat N. , Toth Adrienn , Friedrich Laszlo , Pasztor-Huszar Klara
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to research the adaptability of insects in food products. The created hamburger patties were made with pork meat and insect batter (Zophobas morio) in a 50:50 ratio and the color, pH value, water-holding capacity, roasting loss, texture, microbiological traits were studied during ten days of refrigerated storage (5 °C, vaccum packaging, air cooling). Similar products have already existed in European markets, but these are made of 100% of insect meat or with additional vegetables as an ingredient. The mixture of insect and pork could offer a more accepted texture by consumers than the other alternatives. This study showed burger patties with pork meat and insect meat offering a softer texture and darker color, while it could increase the shelf-life of raw product.
Postharvest quality of hydroponic strawberry coated with chitosan-calcium gluconate
Authors: Dam Mai Sao , To Xuan Thi , Le Quoc Tan Pham , Nguyen Lien Le Phuong , Friedrich László , Hitka Géza , Zsom Tamás , Nguyen Tien Cam Thi , Huynh Chuong Quang , Tran My Diem Thi , Nguyen Vuong Duc
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of edible coating on hydroponic strawberry during storage. Strawberries were coated with either 1% or 1.5% chitosan (CS) or with solution containing 1.5% chitosan and 0.5% calcium gluconate (CaGlu). After treatment, samples were stored at 10 °C, RH 90% for 10 days. The weight loss, soluble solid content, firmness, surface color, pH, and percentage of decay were evaluated each day during the experiment. It was observed that coating extended the postharvest life of hydroponic strawberry compared to control. Fungal growth occurred on control group at the 5th day and fruit treated with 1% CS at the 8th day of the storage period, whereas no visible sign was detected for other treatments. Soluble solid content and pH showed only minor change for all samples. Weight loss of coated fruit was below 6% after 10 days of storage, whereas the weight loss of control samples was around 10% at the end of measurement. Moreover, coating could maintain the firmness of strawberry compared to the control. The combination of chitosan and calcium gluconate showed the potential for prolonging the storage period of hydroponic strawberry till 10 days without decay, whereas the control sample had more than 60% of rotted fruit.
Atrophic Maxilla Rehabilitation Through Dental Implants Using the V-4 Strategy Associated With Guided Surgery: A Case Report and Technique Description
Authors: Meirelles Maurício Saraiva , de Almeida Daniel Costa Ferreira , Velloso Glauco Rodrigues , Torres Madelaine , Sartoretto Suelen Cristina , Moraschini Vittorio
Published: December 2020

Atrophic maxilla rehabilitation through dental implants is always a challenging procedure. However, alternative approaches such as guided surgery and the installation of short implants are progressively supplanting more invasive bone regeneration procedures. A V-4 technique described in 2016 facilitates the installation of dental implants in patients with atrophic maxilla; however, its authors recommend incision, flap opening, and elevation of the anterior area of the maxillary sinuses. This case report describes a less invasive proposal for modifying the technique through the association of guided surgery, which improves implant placement accuracy, shortens surgical time, and reduces morbidity.
The Functions of the Word "Get" in Texts
Authors: Sutarsyah C.
Published: December 2020

This study investigates the functions of the word 'get' and its use in real communication. The main purposes of this study are to find some patterns and collocation of 'get' in texts, to find their proportion and to discuss the implication of the study for the teaching of English as a foreign language. For this purpose, a number of data from News Bro (Brown corpus), one of the corpora in the computer, was taken as the main data to be analysed and classified. In order to be more accurate, some other data from News Lob (Lob Corpus) were also taken for comparisun.Computer software was used to analyse the data in the form of collocations. The result shows that a number of verb patterns of "get" occur more frequently than the others. It also shows that some patterns that are mentioned in the Dictionary do not occur in the data. The result can help teachers of English prepare their teaching material.
English Department Students' Collocation Abilities
Authors: Kweldju Siusana
Published: December 2020

In order to discover how well English Department students' knowledge of collocations and how successful the communication strategies students used to help them supply the expected collocations, 60 subjects were involved in this study. A fill-in-the-blank form test was administered to them to supply the collocates of the given nodes of selected collocations. The result of the analysis indicated that learners had a low mastery of collocations, and collocations need deliberate learning and teaching.
Online Instructions: Problems and Potentials for the Teaching of English in Indonesia
Authors: Djiwandono Patrisius Istiarto
Published: December 2020

This paper reports the results of a survey of a one-semester online course for students majoring in Economics, Secretarial, Computer Technology, and Language Education. The teacher created online materials of reading strategies along with the assignment on www.blackboard, corn, and the students were instructed to access the materials, learn them independently, and do some self-evaluated reading assignments. Questionnaires were then distributed to see what obstacles had hampered their efforts in learning from online materials, as well as what advantages they gained from the new instructional approach. The qualitative and quantitative data culled from the questionnaires revealed potentials as well as some latent problems in carrying out an online teaching. The general profile that emerged was learners who were enthusiastic about learning through Internet and felt that the new approach had familiarized them with the future's technological tools, but who were mostly hampered by the lack of fund and facilities. These are discussed with special reference to the use of advanced computer technology in the teaching of English in Indonesia.
Empowering College Student Writers Through Collaboration
Authors: Alwasilah A. Chaedar
Published: December 2020

This study aimns at describing the effectiveness of collaborative writing as perceived by students of writing course at a university level. This study also aimns at describing the effectiveness of collaborative writing compared with the common practice of writing in high schools. 'Rvo groups of students were involved. They were asked to read an opinion article from newspaper published in Indonesia and to critique it in Indonesian. The results show that the respondents are likely to appreciate the experience of multiple drafting. The students' writing become not mere assigments, but the heart and soul of the entire term. As an implication of this study, it is suggested that the students be considered as apprentice writers filled with potential in the process of collaborative writing.
The Effect of Learning Styles to Build Learner Autonomy
Authors: Rusli Ratna Sajekti , Soegiharto Helena D
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fielddependent and field-independent cognitive learning styles on learning achievement and the relation between cognitive learning and gender. The subjects were SMU students of Social Science (IPS) and Mathematics and Natural Science (WA) classes of SMUK Triyana. The scores of summative test of several school subject matters were used as the data. The results show that cognitive learning styles do not have any effect on the students' achievement on History subject matter. However, cognitive learning styles influence English learning. This study also shows that gender does not affect achievement.
Implementing Task-Based Instruction to Facilitate Language Learning: Moving Away from Theory
Authors: Griffiths Aileen
Published: December 2020

The use of tasks has gained growing acceptance in the field of language teaching. In the task-based teaching, the organization of the language lassroom is learner-centered and the learning activities involve communicative language use. This paper discusses task-based teaching by presenting a brief overview of its underlying rationales. The rationales for infcoporating taskbased activities are dirived from the psycholinguistic and pedagogical perpectives. Some practical in-sights in this paper might be useful for English teachers and language experts.
Communicative Language Teaching in Indonesia: Issues of Theoretical Assumptions and Challenges in the Classroom Practice
Authors: Musthafa Bachrudin
Published: December 2020

Trying to keep abreast to recent development in ESL pedagogy, Indonesian Government in this case Ministry of National Education has for the past two decades been trying to reform English instruction at the junior and senior high schools across the country. This article describes the issues surrounding the reform initiative and the response the system has made to address the issues. The existing, problematic conditions are delineated and possible ways for improvement are then put forth.
What about TEFL without Method?
Authors: Fachrurrazy Fachrurrazy
Published: December 2020

In EFLT settings CLT is now criticized due to the difficulties in its implementation. This article presents the criticisms on CLT and suggests alternative ways for TEFL, especially in Indonesia.
Teacher Self-Evaluation Models As Authentic Portfolio To Monitor Language Teachers' Performance
Authors: Widodo Singgih
Published: December 2020

Many principals or heads of English departments usually use supervising checklists to monitor or evaluate their teachers' performance. As a matter of fact, teachers may not feel satisfied with the feedback they have got from their superiors. This paper aims at inspiring them with ideas of self learning to improve their own teaching performance for professional development. In this paper_ the writer would like to share his own experience as a principal and a head of the English department by exploring selfevaluation models to monitor language teachers' performance in the classroom. For this purpose, it is necessary to identify the needs of language teachers and later this teacher portfolio may also help principals or head of the department evaluate their teachers' performance.
Globalization and the de-Anglicization of English
Authors: Perrett Gillian
Published: December 2020

With the development of globalization cultural issues associated with TEFL are inevitably being transformed. In the modern world peoples were grouped within nations and communicated in speech communities largely within their own countries; communication outside the boundaries of the national speech communicty was not the norm for the majority of people. In the post-modern world the position of these vertical boundaries is changing to horizontal and an upper stratum of society (wherever it is located) is able, with computer technology, to communicate relatively freely across national borders. The lingua franca of this communication is English. It is not the English of any particular country and it is developing new cultural norms, especially in the electronic media. In one stratum professional functions dominate and electronic usage closely reflects familiar print genres. In other strata more interpersonal functions occur and at the same time the language is moving away from old standard forms; this is most apparent in email and chat room discourse. Teachers have to save from traditional notions of culture and situation and embrace the new electronic forms, finding ways to help their studens participate fully in the new intercultural situation.
Cross-Cultural Communication: Linguistic and Cultural Dimensions - Implications for the Language Classroom
Authors: Poedjosoedarmo Gloria
Published: December 2020

Differences in cultural perspectives can be one of several possible causes for communication breakdowns in cross-cultural communication. This paper will attempt to classify possible causes for communication breakdown and explore sorts of knowledge and skills students need to avoid these situations, as well as classroom activities that can develop the needed knowledge and skills.
English Language Teaching Materials and Cross-Cultural Understanding: Are There Bridges or Divides?
Authors: Mukundan Jayakaran
Published: December 2020

English Language Teaching (ELT) materials can contribute immensely to cross-cultural understanding in the emerging globalised and borderless world. This is because there are common denominators present when materials are used in the teaching of the language across borders. An attempt to teach a language,  for instance, must also consider the ways or the contexts in which it is used. Thus language cannot be detached from culture. The textbook or coursebook has been "standard equipment" for teachers for decades, maybe centuries. However the culture of the target language has hardly ever been associated with the learning of the language within textbooks. This paper discusses the importance in which the essential elements of language and communication and culture in text-books contribute towards language competency and cross-cultural understanding. The writer also discusses the relevance and the importance of the awareness of the connections between language and the cross-cultural understanding amongst curriculum developers and materials developers and users.
ACKNOWLEDGING PEERS DURING DISAGREEMENTS
Authors: Rohmah Zuliati
Published: December 2020

This article describes strategies to promote collaboration applied by students when expressing disagreements. By using Conversational Analysis (CA), the researcher collected and analyzed data from fourteen doctorate classroom discussions. The results show that the students applied four ways of acknowledging peers during disagreements. Suggestions are put forward at the end of the article.
SEARCHING FOR AN APPROPRIATE EFL CURRICULUM DESIGN FOR THE INDONESIAN PLURALISTIC SOCIETY
Authors: Madya Suwarsih
Published: December 2020

The context of the teaching of English in Indonesia is indeed unique, leading to differences in the ease with which children have access to education. Those with great difficulty in accessing education have been and will be left behind by those without any or with little difficulty. Technology will certainly help in easing those in remote areas. The limited financial capacity, however, has made it impossible to have equity in educational access; the equity problem remains unsolved. Under such a complex environment, a more appropriate curriculum design should be sought. So far the same national standard has to be achieved by children. This paper explores possibilities of having a multi-standards English curriculum design aimed at providing every child to learn according to their abilities and rates of learning. A three-level standard curriculum is then proposed: the instrumental standard for highly advantaged children, the functional standard for those who are fairly advantaged, and the appreciative standard for those who are disadvantaged.
THE TEACHING OF EFL VOCABULARY IN THE INDONESIAN CONTEXT: THE STATE OF THE ART
Authors: Cahyono Bambang Yudi , Widiati Utami
Published: December 2020

There has been extensive literature on the teaching of vocabulary of English as a foreign language (EFL vocabulary) in the Indonesian context. However, a comprehensive analysis on the teaching of EFL vocabulary in this country has been a rare endeavour. This article aims to underpin various issues of the teaching of EFL vocabulary and relate them to a wider context of second/foreign language vocabulary teaching and review results of research as well as current practices of EFL vocabulary teaching and learning in the Indonesian context. It is expected that this article could provide an outline of the teaching of EFL vocabulary and some recommendations for future research and practices.
ENGLISH TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THEIR TEACHING: USING ACTIVITY THEORY TO IDENTIFY CONTRADICTIONS
Authors: Marwan Andi
Published: December 2020

This paper highlights the findings of a study which was undertaken at a vocational higher institution in Indonesia. The aim of the study was to explore English teachers' perceptions about their English language teaching (ELT) in this institution. Activity theory (AT) was employed as the framework for guiding the study owing to the fact that its focus was on the identification of contradictions occurring in the activity system. From AT analysis, several contradictions could be located within the context of ELT in this institution. Recommendations for the improvement of ELT in this particular institution were also provided.
THE EFFECT OF TEACHER ERROR FEEDBACK ON THE ACCURACY OF EFL STUDENT WRITING
Authors: Pan Yi-chun
Published: December 2020

This study investigated the effect of teacher error feedback on students' ability to write accurately. Three male first-year Physics graduate students at a university in Taiwan participated in this study. They were asked to write a 100-word passage about the greatest invention in human history. Within days of the teacher’s grammatical feedback, the students were required to revise their work again based on the teacher's suggested revisions. In addition, oral conferencing was conducted in order to help the students obtain a better comprehension of certain grammar points. Four weeks after the oral conferencing, the students were asked, without prior notice, to revise their original passages again. The findings reveal that the students made progress in the revised versions of their passages, but the success was not repeated in their later test versions. In other words, no positive relationship between teacher error feedback and students’ improvement in linguistic accuracy over time was observed. This suggests that teacher error feedback alone may not facilitate the learning of linguistic information. A combination of sufficient exposure to English in reading and writing, plus opportunities to practice the language, for example, may lead to better grammar.
THE MISSIONARY WOMEN IN THE INLAND OF AUSTRALIA AND THE AUSTRALIAN INLAND MISSION AS REPRESENTED IN BETH BECKETT’S LIFE MEMOIR
Authors: Eliyanah Evi
Published: December 2020

This article looks at the gender dimension of religious missions administered by the Presbyterian Church in the inland Australia as represented in Beth Beckett’s life memoir written in 1947-1955. It is aimed at obtaining general ideas on the involvement of women, as the wives of missionaries, Focusing on the experience of Beth Beckett, it argues that her position as a wife of a missionary is problematic: on the one hand she did transgress the traditional idea of staying home wife by choosing to travel along with her husband, but at the same time, she was still bound by the domestic side of the job.
STUDENTS’ VS. TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON BEST TEACHER CHARACTERISTICS IN EFL CLASSROOMS
Authors: Liando Nihta V F
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the perspectives of students and teachers in a university setting about best teacher characteristics. This is viewed through the perspectives of students and teachers regarding their perceptions of qualities of English teachers, and teachers’ immediacy behavior – verbal or non-verbal - as predictors of student academic motivation. In this study, 126 students and 28 teachers in the English department atState University of Manado, Indonesia were involved. From the questionnaire, this study proved that a teacher was an important personnel in EFL teaching. Both teacher and students believed that a good teacher should display personal and academic attitudes. Both parties also considered that there were certain verbal and nonverbal immediacy behaviors teachers performed which could be the source of motivating as well as demotivating the students. This study is expected to give understanding of how teaching English in a foreign language context can be better.
INTERTEXTUALITY IN INDONESIAN NEWSPAPER OPINION ARTICLES ON EDUCATION: ITS TYPES, FUNCTIONS, AND DISCURSIVE PRACTICE
Authors: Pulungan Anni Holila , Subroto Edi D. , Tarjana Sri Samiati , Sumarlam Sumarlam
Published: December 2020

This research deals with intertextuality in opinion articles on education. Its objectives are to discover types and functions of intertextuality in the articles and to reveal its social practice. The results of the research reveal there are three major types and two major functions of intertextuality in the articles. The type dominantly applied is indirect quotation and the function dominantly applied is to provide things in detail. The social practice found in the articles is that the intertextuality is functioned to create an image that the articles possess a level of academic text.
￼THE INFLUENCE OF STUDENTS’ L1 AND ￼SPOKEN ENGLISH IN ENGLISH WRITING: ￼A CORPUS-BASED RESEARCH
Authors: Prihantoro Prihantoro
Published: December 2020

Academic writing requires both style and grammatical correctness; however, efforts in improving the quality of English academic writing by non-native students have been focused on grammar. Structures observed in this study were grammatically correct, but considered unnatural in academic writing genre. This research involves a group of non-native English speaking students who were assigned to submit two different kinds of writing to an online repository: a research paper abstract and a free writing article. A survey to understand the sources of English exposure is also conducted. The objectives of this study are to describe unnatural sequences/Multi Words Units (MWUs) used by the students and to identify the motives of using such sequences. The tools for corpus processing used are Unitex and Antconc. Corpus of Contemporary American English and British National Corpus are also used as reference corpora for English while the SEAlang Indonesian Corpus is used to validate the influence of first language (L1). The analysis of these sequences with comparison to reference corpora indicated the influence of spoken English and students’ L1 (Indonesian). This corresponds to the results of the survey that most of the students are exposed to English mostly via spoken, and non-academic sources (songs, movies, social media, etc).
CHARACTER EDUCATION IN CONTENT COURSES: SELF-SCORING AS A MEANS FOR DEVELOPING HONESTY IN STUDENTS
Authors: Djiwandono Patrisius Istiarto
Published: December 2020

As character education is gaining currency, some institutions have started to incorporate character education into its instructional practices. However, this is not an easy task. Limited hours of contact and teachers’ insufficient know-how of teaching and evaluating students’ characters have hampered the efforts. This paper reports a small effort to shape students’ honesty through self-scoring techniques. An intact class of 19 students who were taking a content course were instructed to self-score their own works in two different tests. Their scores were then compared to the lecturer’s scoring. It was found that the students tend to be honest when the test was not weighted substantively, but increasingly over-rated themselves on a high-stake test. The paper then discusses the potential and possible weaknesses of self-scoring technique as a means of cultivating honesty.
STRESS AND RESILIENCE AMONG EFL TEACHERS: AN INTERVIEW STUDY OF AN INDONESIAN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHER
Authors: Rizqi M. Ainur
Published: December 2020

While stress remains a classic problem in teaching, the concept of resilience is central to help teachers find the joy of their teaching and make them stay longer at the job. This study involved one EFL teacher who had more than a five years’ teaching experience, and was regarded as capable, not only of maintaining her positive commitment, but also of demonstrating exceptional achievement during her career thus far. An in-depth semistructured interview was conducted with these two key aims: (1) to identify sources of stress that she dealt with; and (2) to introduce aspects that helped her become resilient within that stressful circumstance. The results indicated that curriculum changes had largely contributed to the participant’s stress. The key features that aided her to tackle day-to-day problems as a teacher include supportive institution and conducive social relationships. Additionally, the teacher appeared to have a strong positive emotion as influenced by people around her, e.g. her students. These findings could contribute to better understanding of how the negative effects of stress can be reduced by promoting key features of resilience, particularly in the Indonesian teaching context. As a conclusion, several key findings were highlighted followed by a recommendation for further research.
ENHANCING ENGLISH TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PORTRAYING A MENTORING PROGRAM
Authors: Rohmah Zuliati
Published: December 2020

Quality English teachers are required to have a good mastery of English language skills and language teaching methodology. New teachers or lecturers, in particular, need assistance in improving these two aspects. One of the ways is through Continuing Professional Development (CPD). Traditionally, professional development (PD) is done by attending professional forums and pursuing further education. However, this traditional practice has some weaknesses, one of which is giving little opportunity for teachers to take control over their own learning (Kennedy, 2005; Rose & Reynolds, 2007). While mentoring practices as a form of CPD are common in more developed countries, they are not widely practiced in Indonesia. To respond to the scarcity of research in this area, the current study is conducted by using observations and questionnaire as the instruments to portray the implementation of a mentoring program in an English training institution in East Java, Indonesia. Specifically, the article reports the practice of the mentoring program and the mentees’ perceptions of the mentoring sessions with the mentor. The findings show that the teachers respond positively to the mentoring program, and they also feel that their self-confidence is improved after joining the program. The mentoring program conducted in the institution helps the teachers to enhance their professionalism as English teachers.
THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHERS’ CREATIVITY DEVELOPMENT IN ENGLISH TEACHING PRACTICES
Authors: Fitriah Fitriah
Published: December 2020

This study investigates teachers’ views on the role of technology in building their creativity during teaching practices within the context of Indonesian higher education. An exploratory mixed methods design was employed by interviewing 20 EFL teachers about the role of technology in teachers’ creativity and administering a creativity questionnaire to 175 teachers. The findings revealed that teachers are aware of the importance of technology in creativity. Technology appears to help them explore their creativity and encourages learners’ creativity in a way that it helps transfer their creativity into reality, makes the activities more authentic, and provides teaching materials on various topics. However, there is no clear evidence about how these teachers use technology in their actual classrooms. In general, the way in which technology was utilized in teaching was limited and largely influenced by other factors, such as teachers’ willingness to learn, students’ participation, frequent interaction, and cooperation. This implies the need for future research to investigate the creative pedagogy of technology use in the classroom to contribute to improving classroom practices with regard to creativity and technology use.
TEACHERS’ REFLECTIONS ON THE VISUAL RESOURCES IN ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS FOR VIETNAMESE LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Vu Thao , Febrianti Yusnita
Published: December 2020

The prominent role of visual resources in language classrooms has long been advocated, as many argued that images could go beyond providing students with a visual background of the context or arousing motivation (Unsworth & Ngo, 2014). This article explores the roles of the visual resources drawn from an English textbook series used in Vietnamese schools, and the teachers’ reflections on their use of those visuals in practice. A qualitative approach was employed, involving in-depth interviews with teachers, along with an analysis of the visual resources using Kress and Van Leeuwen’s (1996, 2006) framework of grammar of visual design. The findings show that the theoretical perspective resonates with the teachers’ reflection in using visual resources in teaching and learning activities. The findings confirmed the importance of visuals in teachers’ practices, but also highlighted the limitations of some images as useful resources for classroom learning. It was suggested that more attention be given to the multimodal nature of the text, and their significant contribution to meaningful learning activities. The selection of images in language textbooks should be more strategically and theoretically driven in order to prepare language-learning students with the ability to negotiate meanings across semiotic modes.
MORPHOLOGICAL AWARENESS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH EFL READING COMPREHENSION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Aziz Zulfadli A. , Daud Bukhari , Ismar Randila Tiayu
Published: December 2020

This study investigates the correlation between morphological awareness and reading comprehension. It was conducted with a sample of 55 second-grade students from SMA (Senior High School) Laboratorium Unsyiah, Banda Aceh. The data measuring morphological awareness and reading comprehension were collected through a test of morphological awareness and the Florida comprehensive assessment test (FCAT) respectively. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was determined using SPSS 20 software to explore the relationship between these variables. Based on the findings, the result from morphological awareness test showed that 85% of the students managed to answer the test satisfactorily. It was also revealed that the students were on reading Achievement Level 4. This indicates that the students answered many questions correctly, but they seemed to be troubled by questions with more challenging contents. The results also show that there was a significant relationship between morphological awareness and reading comprehension. The correlation was found to be 0.527, with a significance level of 0.01, which is classified as a moderate-level correlation. Finally, the findings of this study suggest the inclusion of morphological awareness while learning reading comprehension at schools.
PREDICTORS OF THE STUDENTS’ ENGLISH ACHIEVEMENT AT LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL: CLIL CONTEXT
Authors: Rachmajanti Sri , Anugerahwati Mirjam
Published: December 2020

English across curriculum has been of world-wide practice, including in Indonesia. Through a blended curriculum (a synergy of national and international frameworks), some schools have put this program into action within the context of CLIL (Content-Language Integrated Learning). This correlational study is intended to find out the correlation between a combination of predictor variables and students’ English learning achievement in secondary school in CLIL context. The predictors include the students’ interest in ELT, the students’ internal and external motivation, the facilities, the exposure to English, and the interactional process between teacher and students at primary school level. The study also investigates to what extent the predictors, in combination as well as individually, contribute to students’ English learning achievement in secondary school in CLIL context. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to four secondary schools which implement an international framework. Seventy students were the sample of the present study. The data were analyzed using multiple regression. Results show that the two most significant predictors of the students’ English achievement in secondary school are the students’ interest and the school facilities.