bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
m6A Methylated Long Noncoding RNA LOC339803 Regulates Intestinal Inflammatory Response
Authors: Olazagoitia‐Garmendia Ane , Rojas‐Márquez Henar , Sebastian‐delaCruz Maialen , Agirre‐Lizaso Aloña , Ochoa Anne , Mendoza‐Gomez Luis Manuel , Perugorria Maria J , Bujanda Luis , Madrigal Alain Huerta , Santin Izortze , Castellanos‐Rubio Ainara
Published: January 2024

Cytokine mediated sustained inflammation increases the risk to develop different complex chronic inflammatory diseases, but the implicated mechanisms remain unclear. Increasing evidence shows that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, while inflammation associated variants are described to affect their function or essential RNA modifications as N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, increasing predisposition to inflammatory diseases. Here, the functional implication of the intestinal inflammation associated lncRNA LOC339803 in the production of cytokines by intestinal epithelial cells is described. Allele‐specific m6A methylation is found to affect YTHDC1 mediated protein binding affinity. LOC339803‐YTHDC1 interaction dictates chromatin localization of LOC339803 ultimately inducing the expression of NFκB mediated proinflammatory cytokines and contributing to the development of intestinal inflammation. These findings are confirmed using human intestinal biopsy samples from different intestinal inflammatory conditions and controls. Additionally, it is demonstrated that LOC339803 targeting can be a useful strategy for the amelioration of intestinal inflammation in vitro and ex vivo. Overall, the results support the importance of the methylated LOC339803 lncRNA as a mediator of intestinal inflammation, explaining genetic susceptibility and presenting this lncRNA as a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory intestinal disorders.
Stimulus‐Responsive Copper Complex Nanoparticles Induce Cuproptosis for Augmented Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Hu Fuzhen , Huang Jia , Bing Tiejun , Mou Wenlong , Li Duo , Zhang Hanchen , Chen Yang , Jin Qionghua , Yu Yingjie , Yang Zhiying
Published: January 2024

Cuproptosis, an emerging form of programmed cell death, has received tremendous attention in cancer therapy. However, the efficacy of cuproptosis remains limited by the poor delivery efficiency of copper ion carriers. Herein, copper complex nanoparticles (denoted as Cu(I) NP) are developed that can efficiently deliver copper complex into cancer cells to induce cuproptosis. Cu(I) NP demonstrate stimulus‐responsive release of copper complexes, which results in mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes the aggregation of lipoylated dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase (DLAT), leading to cuproptosis. Notably, Cu(I) NP not only induce cuproptosis, but also elicit robust immune responses to suppress tumor growth. Overall, this study provides a promising strategy for cuproptosis‐based cancer therapy.
Operando Mobile Catalysis for Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Liang Haojie , Zhang Bin , Hong Mei , Yang Xinchun , Zhu Ling , Liu Xingchen , Qi Yuntao , Zhao Shichao , Wang Guofu , van Bavel Alexander P. , Wen Xiaodong , Qin Yong
Published: January 2024

Metal atoms on the support serve as active sites for many heterogeneous catalysts. However, the active metal sites on the support are conventionally described as static, and the intermediates adsorbed on the support far away from the active metal sites cannot be transformed. Herein, we report the first example of operando mobile catalysis to promote catalytic efficiency by enhancing the collision probability between active sites and reactants or reaction intermediates. Specifically, ligand‐coordinated Pt single atoms (isolated MeCpPt‐ species) are bonded on CeO2 and transformed into mobile MeCpPt(H)CO complexes during the reverse water gas shift reaction for operando mobile catalysis. This strategy enables the conversion of inert carbonate intermediates on the CeO2 support. A turnover frequency (TOF) of 6358 mol CO2 molPt−1 ⋅ h−1 and 99 % CO selectivity at 300 °C is obtained for reverse water gas shift reaction, dramatically higher than those of Pt catalysts reported in the literature. Operando mobile catalysis presents a promising strategy for designing high‐efficiency heterogeneous catalysts for various chemical reactions and applications.
Ups and downs: An insight on the stranding pattern of Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis, in the Amazon Estuary, Northern Brazil
Authors: Ruenes Greicy F. , Costa Alexandra F. , Laeta Maíra , Emin‐Lima Renata , Oliveira Larissa R. , Siciliano Salvatore
Published: January 2024

Long‐term systematic records of cetacean strandings are valuable indicators of temporal responses of specific cetacean populations and communities to natural or anthropogenic pressures. They also help guide management objectives and conservation actions.

Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to analyse 10 years of systematic and opportunistic surveys of Guiana dolphin strandings in the Amazon Estuary region, Northern Brazil. The spatial distribution of strandings was assessed through kernel density maps, and age‐at‐death structure of this population was described.

The model results revealed marked seasonality in the strandings and, by extension, the mortality of Guiana dolphins in the Amazon Estuary. This seasonality varied between the inner estuarine regions and Atlantic coastal area, reflecting the environment's characteristics. Long‐term decline of strandings in the Amazon Estuary inner region and unusual high mortality of young sexually mature individuals were detected. These results, besides the high stranding rate detected for the species, are mostly attributed to the species' interaction with intense fishing activity in the region.

Conservation efforts should consider the seasonality of Guiana dolphin strandings in the Amazon Estuary. The systematic monitoring of strandings, especially in high‐frequency areas, is recommended for assessing long‐term species mortality. Additionally, implementing management actions related to the species' interaction with fishing activities, such as regulatory enhancements, gillnet modifications and seasonal no‐fishing zones, is advised. Educational campaigns targeting fishermen and riverine communities are essential to reduce bycatch and the folkloric use of the species.

This study underscores the effectiveness of stranding data as a source of biological and ecological information, and as a tool for understanding human actions affecting coastal populations of aquatic mammals. It emphasizes the need for urgent studies to characterize this population, clarify the influence of bycatch as an anthropogenic pressure and implement effective conservation actions to preserve the Guiana dolphin population.
Differential expression of brummer and levels of TAG in different developmental stages Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), including fasted adults
Authors: dos Santos Luan Valim , Silva Elaine Rodrigues Miranda Nery da , Caiado Matheus Silva , Rezende Sabrina Rita da Fonseca , de Carvalho Mario Geraldo , Pontes Emerson Guedes
Published: January 2024

Lipid storage in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) is essential for insect life, as it enables flight, development, and reproduction. The activity of the lipase brummer (bmm) has been shown to be essential to insects' homeostasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate how bmm expression occurs in Aedes aegypti larvae and adults, and to observe TAG levels during fasting in adult females. The bmm sequence was identified in A. aegypti and exhibited a patatin‐like phospholipase domain reinforced by the presence of a catalytic dyad with serine and aspartate residues, revealing a high degree of similarity with other organisms. Bmm expression was differentiated in the larvae and adult fat body (FB) following TAG reserve dynamics. Bmm was expressed three times in larval stages L3, L4, and pupae compared with L1 and L2, which could indicate its role in the maturation of these insects. In the postemergence (PE) and post‐blood meal (PBM) FB of adult insects, bmm expression varied over several days. PE adults showed a pronounced bmm increase from the third day onward compared with those not subjected to fasting. This was accompanied by a decrease in TAG from the third day onward, suggesting the participation of bmm. Six hours after blood feeding, TAG levels increased in mosquitos reared in the absence of sucrose, suggesting lipid accumulation to guarantee reproduction. Bmm responded positively to fasting, followed by TAG mobilization in adult FB. During the previtellogenic period, bmm levels responded to low TAG levels, unlike the PBM period.
Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase Concentrations and Risk of Interstitial Lung Disease in a Prospective Rheumatoid Arthritis Cohort
Authors: Luedders Brent A. , Wheeler Austin M. , Ascherman Dana P. , Baker Joshua F. , Duryee Michael J. , Yang Yangyuna , Roul Punyasha , Wysham Katherine D. , Monach Paul , Reimold Andreas , Kerr Gail S. , Kunkel Gary , Cannon Grant W. , Poole Jill A. , Thiele Geoffrey M. , Mikuls Ted R. , England Bryant R.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To evaluate the associations of plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) with prevalent and incident interstitial lung disease (ILD) in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Within a multicenter, prospective cohort of US veterans with RA, we performed a cross‐sectional study of prevalent ILD and cohort study of incident ILD. ILD diagnoses were validated by medical record review of provider diagnoses and chest imaging and/or pathology reports. MMP‐1, 3, 7, and 9 concentrations were measured in plasma samples, then standardized and categorized into quartiles. The associations of MMPs with prevalent and incident ILD were assessed with logistic (prevalent) and Cox (incident) regression models adjusted for RA‐ILD risk factors.

Results

Among 2,312 participants (88.9% male; mean age 63.8 years), 96 had prevalent ILD. Incident ILD developed in 130 participants over 17,378 person‐years of follow‐up (crude incidence rate 7.5/1,000 person‐years). Participants with the highest quartile of MMP‐7 concentrations had a nearly four‐fold increased odds of prevalent ILD (adjusted odds ratio 3.78 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.86–7.65]) and over two‐fold increased risk of incident ILD (adjusted hazard ratio 2.33 [95% CI 1.35–4.02]). Higher MMP‐9 concentrations were also associated with prevalent and incident ILD, as well as negatively correlated with forced vital capacity among those with prevalent ILD (r = −0.30, P = 0.005).

Conclusion

MMP‐7 and MMP‐9 were strongly associated with both prevalent and incident ILD in this large, multicenter RA cohort after adjustment for other RA‐ILD risk factors. These population‐level findings further support a potential pathogenic role for MMPs in RA‐ILD and suggest that their measurement could facilitate RA‐ILD risk stratification.
Predisposal of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Deficiency to Accumulate DNA Damage and Promote Osteoarthritis Development in Cartilage
Authors: Cho Yongsik , Kim Hyeonkyeong , Yook Geunho , Yong Sangmin , Kim Soy , Lee Narae , Kim Yi‐Jun , Kim Jin‐Hee , Kim Tae Woo , Chang Moon Jong , Lee Kyoung Min , Chang Chong Bum , Kang Seung‐Baik , Kim Jin‐Hong
Published: January 2024

Objective

Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) is a transcriptional regulator conventionally associated with immunomodulation. Recent molecular analyses mapping DNA binding sites of IRF1 have suggested its potential function in DNA repair. However, the physiologic significance of this noncanonical function remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the role of IRF1 in osteoarthritis (OA), a condition marked by senescence and chronic joint inflammation.

Methods

OA progression was examined in wild‐type and Irf1−/− mice using histologic assessments and microcomputed tomography analysis of whole‐joint OA manifestations and behavioral assessments of joint pain. An integrated analysis of assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin with sequencing and whole transcriptome data was conducted for the functional assessment of IRF1 in chondrocytes. The role of IRF1 in DNA repair and senescence was investigated by assaying γ‐H2AX foci and senescence‐associated beta‐galactosidase activity.

Results

Our genome‐wide investigation of IRF1 footprinting in chondrocytes revealed its primary occupancies in the promoters of DNA repair genes without noticeable footprint patterns in those of interferon‐responsive genes. Chondrocytes lacking IRF1 accumulated irreversible DNA damage under oxidative stress, facilitating their entry into cellular senescence. IRF1 was down‐regulated in the cartilage of human and mouse OA. Although IRF1 overexpression did not elicit an inflammatory response in joints or affect OA development, genetic deletion of Irf1 caused enhanced chondrocyte senescence and exacerbated post‐traumatic OA in mice.

Conclusion

IRF1 offers DNA damage surveillance in chondrocytes, protecting them from oxidative stress associated with OA risk factors. Our study provides a crucial and cautionary perspective that compromising IRF1 activity renders chondrocytes vulnerable to cellular senescence and promotes OA development.

image
A Cationic Catechol Derivative Binds Anions in Competitive Aqueous Media
Authors: Goodwin Rosemary J. , White Nicholas G.
Published: January 2024

A simple dihydroxy isoquinolinium molecule (3+) was prepared by a modification of a literature procedure. Interestingly, during optimisation of the synthesis a small amount of the natural product pseudopalmatine was isolated, and characterised for the first time by X‐ray crystallography. Compound 3+ contains a catechol motif and positive charge on the same scaffold and was found to be a potent anion receptor, binding sulfate strongly in 8 : 2 d6‐acetone:D2O and 7 : 3 d6‐acetone:D2O (Ka>104 and 2,100 M−1, respectively). Unsurprisingly, chloride binding was much weaker, even in the less polar solvent mixture 9 : 1 d6‐acetone:D2O. The sulfate binding is remarkably strong for such a simple molecule, however anion binding studies were complicated by the tendency of the molecule to react with BPh4− or BF4− species during anion metathesis reactions. This gave two unusual zwitterions containing tetrahedral boronate centres, which were both characterised by X‐ray crystallography.
Protocol for the development and validation of a clinical measurement tool for fear of disease progression and recurrence in cardiac patients
Authors: Clarke Sarah T. , Le Grande Michael , Murphy Barbara M. , Hester Robert , Jackson Alun C.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

One in two cardiac patients fear having another heart event or their heart condition getting worse. Research in other chronic illnesses demonstrates that screening for fear of progression and recurrence is vital for adequately addressing such concerns in clinical care. The current project aims to develop and validate a measure for fear of progression and recurrence in cardiac patients.

Methods

The Fear of Cardiac Recurrence and Progression Scale (FCRP) will be developed through a multistep process. An initial item pool will be generated through a review of the literature and existing measures and consultation with and feedback from key informants. The item pool will be tested in a sample of over 250 adults who have ever had an acute coronary event, undergone cardiac surgery, or a chronic cardiac condition. Exploratory factor analysis will be used to identify the underlying factors, and Rasch analysis will be used to reduce the number of items. A short form version of the FCRP will be developed for use as a brief screening tool, informed by clinical relevance and Rasch psychometric indices.

Discussion

While many cardiac patients experience fears related to the progression or recurrence of their illness, there remains the need for a validated tool with which these concerns can be identified and measured. It is expected that the design and validation of the FCRP will aid identification of cardiac patients suffering from clinically significant levels of fear of progression and recurrence and facilitate the design of tailored psychological interventions to target these fears.
Continuous Synthesis of a Macrocyclic Sulfite of Polyethylene Glycol by Cascaded Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs)
Authors: Wei Jichang , Liu Yinli , Sun Yuchen , Bai Jun , Gao He , Yang Zhaojun , Pan Long
Published: January 2024

Many macrocyclic compounds are attractive drug‐like molecules or intermediates due to their special properties. However, the bulk synthesis of such compounds are hindered by the necessity of using diluted solutions, in order to prevent intermolecular reactions that yields oligomer impurities, thereby resulting in a low production efficiency. Such challenge can be adequately addressed by using continuous reactors, allowing improved efficiency with smaller space footprints. In this work, we proposed a novel continuous process for the synthesis of a macrocyclic sulfite of tetraethylene glycol (PEG4‐MCSi), which is a precursor to a very useful building block, PEG4‐macrocyclic sulfate (PEG4‐MCS). The basic reaction parameters, including stoichiometry and temperature, were first confirmed with small batch reactions, and the effectiveness of coiled reactors and continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) were compared. Cascaded CSTRs were proven to be suitable, and the reaction parameters were subject to further optimization to give a robust continuous process. The process was then tested with 4 parallel runs for up to 64 h. Finally, the merits and demerits of batch and continuous reactions were also compared, demonstrating the suitability of latter in the bulk production of macrocyclic PEG‐MCSi compounds.
Combined chemotherapy of zoledronic acid and pamidronate in the treatment of bone metastases from nonsmall cell lung cancer and the effects on pain stress and bone metabolic indices
Authors: Huang Kun , Tang Xiao , Tang Fang
Published: January 2024

Objective

We conducted this paper to decipher the efficacy of the combined chemotherapy of zoledronic acid and pamidronate in treating bone metastases from nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the effects on pain stress and bone metabolic indices.

Methods

Patients with bone metastases from NSCLC were allocated into Group A and Group B. Patients in the Group A were administrated with pamidronate combined chemotherapy and patients in the Group B were administrated with zoledronic acid combined chemotherapy. The efficacy, pain symptom scores, quality of life scores, serum inflammatory factor, serum bone metabolic indices, serum pain stress indicators, and the occurrence of adverse effects were compared in patients of the two groups.

Results

The total effective rate of treatment was higher in the Group B than in the Group A. After treatment, reduced Numerical Rating Scale scores and elevated Karnofsky Performance Score score, reduced serum levels of N‐terminal mid‐fragment of osteocalcin, N‐terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase, and type I collagen hydroxyl terminal peptide β special sequence, reduced serum levels of C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐6, as well as decreased levels of bradykinin, substance P, neuropeptide Y, and β‐endorphin were found in the Group B versus the Group A. No notable difference was witnessed in the rate of adverse reactions between the Group A and the Group B.

Conclusion

Zoledronic acid combined with chemotherapy can effectively treat bone metastases of NSCLC and improve pain stress and bone metabolic status, which has value that can be promoted and applied in clinical treatment.
Specialist reassociation and residence time modulate the evolution of defense in invasive plants: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yi Jiahui , Wan Jinlong , Tielbörger Katja , Tao Zhibin , Siemann Evan , Huang Wei
Published: January 2024

Invasive plants typically escape specialist herbivores but are often attacked by generalist herbivores in their introduced ranges. The shifting defense hypothesis suggests that this will cause invasive plants to evolve lower resistance against specialists, higher resistance against generalists, and greater tolerance to herbivore damage. However, the duration and direction of selective pressures can shape the evolutionary responses of resistance and tolerance for invasive plants. Two critical factors are (1) residence time (length of time that an invasive species has been in its introduced range) and (2) specialist herbivore reassociation (attack by purposely or accidentally introduced specialists). Yet, these two factors have not been considered simultaneously in previous quantitative syntheses. Here, we performed a meta‐analysis with 367 effect sizes from 70 studies of 35 invasive plant species from native and invasive populations. We tested how the residence time of invasive plant species and specialist reassociation in their introduced ranges affected evolutionary responses of defenses against specialists and generalists, including herbivore resistance traits (physical barriers, digestibility reducers and toxins), resistance effects (performance of and damage caused by specialists or generalists) and tolerance to damage (from specialists or generalists). We found that residence time and specialist reassociation each significantly altered digestibility reducers, specialist performance, generalist damage, and tolerance to specialist damage. Furthermore, residence time and specialist reassociation strongly altered toxins and generalist performance, respectively. When we restricted consideration to invasive plant species with both longer residence times and no reassociation with specialists, invasive populations had lower resistance to specialists, similar resistance to generalists, and higher tolerance to damage from both herbivore types, compared with native populations. We conclude that the duration and direction of selective pressure shape the evolutionary responses of invasive plants. Under long‐term (long residence time) and stable (no specialist reassociation) selective pressure, invasive plants generally decrease resistance to specialists and increase tolerance to generalist damage that provides mixed support for the shifting defense hypothesis.
Water Adducts of the Lewis Superacids: Tris(pentafluoroethyl)gallane and ‐indane
Authors: Tölke Katharina , Porath Sven , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. , Hoge Berthold
Published: January 2024

Lewis superacids (LSA) are defined by a fluoride ion affinity (FIA) that exceeds that of SbF5, and are thus characterized as hard according to the HSAB concept. Soft superacidity was defined for compounds exceeding the hydride ion affinity (HIA) of B(C6F5)3. Herein we report on the synthesis of a Lewis acid being superacidic only on the soft regime: tris(pentafluoroethyl)indane, In(C2F5)3. It is accessible in the form of its dihydrate [In(C2F5)3(OH2)2]. An improved synthesis for the gallium analogue [Ga(C2F5)3(OH2)2] is also reported. Tris(pentafluoroethyl)indane dihydrate, [In(C2F5)3(OH2)2], was fully characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, as well as by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Due to their stability and convenient accessibility, the hydrates are ideal starting compounds for the chemistry of tris(pentafluoroethyl)gallium and ‐indium compounds, for example hydroxogallates and ‐indates. An attempt to determine its gas‐phase structure and that of the gallium analogue by electron diffraction demonstrates that they lose water ligands upon evaporation. The energetics of these processes were predicted by quantum‐chemical calculations as was the nature of bonding in the free Lewis acids and their mono‐ and dihydrates. Furthermore, the synthesis and structural diversity of hydroxido tris(pentafluoroethyl) gallates and one indate are presented.
Synthesis and Applications of Benzothienobenzofurans: A Review
Authors: Krishnan R. Akhil , S. K. Nandana , Hopf Henning , John Jubi
Published: January 2024

Heteroacenes are considered as an important class of compounds for material applications due to their stability, electron‐richness and tunable properties. Mostly, four ring containing heteroacenes have found immense applications in organic electronic devices and some of them have been successfully commercialized. One such class of heteroacene are benzothienobenzofuran for which four different isomers are reported to date based on the position where the benzothiophene unit is fused to the benzofuran ring. The available literature claims different synthetic strategies towards the benzothienobenzofurans starting from multistep synthesis to tandem transformations, electrochemical synthesis and annulations. Different metal catalyzed transformations including Pd‐catalyzed dual C−H activations, Ullmann coupling, dual metal‐catalyzed one‐pot processes etc. are reported for the synthesis of different isomers of benzothienobenzofurans. The present review analyses all the synthetic methodologies reported for the preparation of the four isomers and examines the generality of each method by highlighting its advantages and disadvantages. We discuss all available mechanisms of the reactions for the benefit of the readers. Finally, the existing basic photophysical properties of benzothienobenzofurans and their limited applications in fabricating devices for organic light‐emitting diode (OLED), organic field‐effect transistor (OFET), and organic phototransistor (OPT) uses are deliberated
The role of valuing cultural diversity in children's endorsements of rights
Authors: Ozeto Nana‐Fatima T. , Russell Pascale Sophie , Barrett Martyn , Ingoglia Sonia , Wiium Nora , La Coco Alida , Inguglia Cristiano , Liga Francesca , Cricchio Maria Grazia Lo , Iannello Nicolò Maria , Tenenbaum Harriet R.
Published: January 2024

Support for children's rights is greater among children raised in democratic environments. The present two studies examined children's endorsements and predictors of children's rights. Five democratic competences taken from the Council of Europe's Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture served as predictors. We tested the models in a sample of children raised in five European countries and a sample raised in an African country, seeking to extend our model beyond the Global North. In Study 1, we found four of these five competences, namely, higher valuing of cultural diversity, civic‐mindedness, cultural openness and empathy significantly predicted higher endorsements of rights in children from Bulgaria, Italy, Norway, Romania and Spain (7–11‐year‐olds; N = 292). In Study 2, we found higher valuing of cultural diversity significantly predicted higher endorsements of rights in Nigerian children (7–14‐year‐olds; N = 84). Supporting Social Cognitive Domain Theory, children in both studies endorsed nurturance rights more than self‐determination rights. Inclusion of children from the Global North and South enabled us to determine whether patterns of rights endorsements were similar for children from both samples. Overall, this research presents novel findings on the salience of valuing cultural diversity in support for children's rights.
Impact of pretreatment body mass index on the survival of head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Yang Zheng , Mansour Jobran , Sun Peng , Wei Peng , Dahlstrom Kristina R. , Zafereo Mark , Li Guojun , Gross Neil D.
Published: January 2024

Background

Differences in pretreatment body mass index (BMI) have been associated with survival in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). We examined effects of BMI on survival in SCCHN patients after stratifying patients by tumor human papillomavirus (HPV) status and subsite.

Methods

Totally 2204 SCCHN patients in a prospective study were included in this secondary analysis. Multivariable Cox models were used to evaluate associations between pretreatment BMI and overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and disease‐free survival.

Results

BMI was significantly higher among patients with HPV‐positive tumors than HPV‐negative tumors. BMI >25 kg/m2 was associated with improved survival, while BMI <18.5 kg/m2 was associated with reduced survival, particularly in patients with HPV‐positive oropharyngeal cancer tumors.

Conclusions

This exploratory analysis suggests that pretreatment BMI could be an independent prognostic factor of survival outcomes in SCCHN patients, particularly in patients with HPV‐positive oropharyngeal cancer tumors. Further prospective investigations are warranted.
Clinician perspectives on hysterectomy versus uterine preservation in pelvic organ prolapse surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Porcari Irene , Zorzato Pier Carlo , Bosco Mariachiara , Garzon Simone , Magni Francesca , Salvatore Stefano , Franchi Massimo P. , Uccella Stefano
Published: January 2024

Background

Previous reviews on hysterectomy versus uterine‐sparing surgery in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair did not consider that the open abdominal approach or transvaginal mesh use have been largely abandoned.

Objectives

To provide up‐to‐date evidence by examining only studies investigating techniques currently in use for POP repair.

Search Strategy

MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from inception to January 2023.

Selection Criteria

We included randomized and non‐randomized studies comparing surgical procedures for POP with or without concomitant hysterectomy. Studies describing open abdominal approaches or transvaginal mesh implantation were excluded.

Data Collection and Analysis

A random effect meta‐analysis was conducted on extracted data reporting pooled mean differences and odds ratios (OR) between groups with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results

Thirty‐eight studies were included. Hysterectomy and uterine‐sparing procedures did not differ in reoperation rate (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.74–1.17), intraoperative major (OR 1.34; 95% CI 0.79–2.26) and minor (OR 1.38; 95% CI 0.79–2.4) complications, postoperative major (OR 1.42; 95% CI 0.85–2.37) and minor (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.9–1.53) complications, and objective (OR 1.38; 95% CI 0.92–2.07) or subjective (OR 1.23; 95% CI 0.8–1.88) success. Uterine preservation was associated with a shorter operative time (−22.7 min; 95% CI –16.92 to −28.51 min), shorter hospital stay (−0.35 days, 95% CI –0.04 to −0.65 days), and less blood loss (−61.7 mL; 95% CI –31.3 to −92.1 mL). When only studies using a laparoscopic approach for both arms were considered, no differences were observed in investigated outcomes between the two groups.

Conclusions

No major differences were observed in POP outcomes between procedures with and without concomitant hysterectomy. The decision to preserve or remove the uterus should be tailored on individual factors.
Back cover image
Authors: Hong Mengyu , Zhang Xiankun , Geng Yu , Wang Yunan , Wei Xiaofu , Gao Li , Yu Huihui , Cao Zhihong , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Yue
Published: January 2024

Universal van der Waals integrated metal electrode approach drives integrated circuit advanced process development

image
Bipolar disorder and cumulative trauma: A systematic review of prevalence and illness outcomes
Authors: Rowe Amy‐Leigh , Perich Tania , Meade Tanya
Published: January 2024

Background

The experience of cumulative trauma may be common in bipolar disorder (BD). However, it is not frequently reported as most studies focus on childhood trauma without examining differences in the amount of trauma experienced. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of lifetime cumulative trauma in BD as well as explore associated illness outcomes.

Methods

A systematic review was completed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Both the prevalence and outcomes of cumulative trauma in BD were assessed. Five electronic databases were searched (Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and PTSD Pubs) for records from January 2010 until December 2022.

Results

A total of 20 studies, with 9304 participants were included in the narrative synthesis. At least one‐third of BD participants had experienced cumulative trauma, with a prevalence range from 29% to 82%. The main outcomes associated with a history of cumulative trauma were earlier age of onset, longer episode duration, more lifetime mood episodes, greater likelihood of experiencing psychotic features, and higher likelihood of past suicide attempts.

Limitations

This review has been limited by the lack of studies directly assessing cumulative trauma in BD.

Conclusions

Cumulative trauma is prevalent in BD. Preliminary evidence indicates an association with a range of adverse outcomes, emphasizing the need for clinicians to obtain a detailed trauma history and to consider these risks in the management of the disorder. Future studies should report on the prevalence of cumulative trauma, particularly in adulthood as this area remains unexplored.
Chemoselective direct amidation of fatty acids with furfurylamine without coupling reagents in reversed micellar microenvironment
Authors: Yıldırım Ayhan , Aksoy Mehmet Suat
Published: January 2024

Furan heterocyclic compounds derived from renewable sources are popular versatile candidates for the production of multifunctional macromolecular materials. These compounds are also used as hydrophobilization monomers for reversible polyadducts or as versatile building blocks in Diels‐Alder reactions. In the present study, an efficient approach to chemoselective acylation of furfurylamine with a series of non‐preactivated monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic long‐chain fatty acids and some of their functionalized derivatives has been achieved via catalytic direct amidation in reversed micellar medium. A convenient and environmentally friendly method has been developed for furfurylamides via a dehydrative coupling reaction. For this purpose, a new cationic Brønsted‐type sulfonic acid catalyst containing a hexadecyl alkyl chain was synthesized and fully characterized. The present catalytic reaction produced the respective N‐furfurylamides materials in good to excellent yields. This study also confirms that the direct amidation of carboxylic acids with selected amine compounds can be successfully catalyzed by Brønsted acids. Its simplicity and high atom economy are the main advantages of this method.
Coated sodium butyrate and vitamin D3 supplementation improve gut health through influencing intestinal immunity, barrier, and microflora in early‐stage broilers
Authors: Gao Hang , Zhao Xingkai , Guo Yizhe , Li Zhendong , Zhou Zhenlei
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Intestinal development and function are critical to maintaining sustained broiler growth. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of coated sodium butyrate (CSB) and vitamin D3 (VD3) on the intestinal immunity, barrier, oxidative stress and microflora in early‐stage broilers. In total, 192 one‐day‐old broilers were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design including two dietary supplements at two different levels, in which the main effects were VD3 (3000 or 5000 IU kg−1) and CSB (0 or 1 g kg−1).

RESULTS

The results showed that CSB supplementation increased ileal goblet cells (GCs) numbers, villus height and decreased crypt depth in broilers. CSB increased ileal proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and high‐level VD3 decreased cluster of differentiation 3 expression. CSB reduced serum d‐lactate, endotoxin (ET), adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and increased total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) level. Meanwhile, high‐level VD3 decreased serum ET concentration. Furthermore, CSB increased ileal T‐AOC, lysozyme (LYZ) and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β and decreased MDA, whereas high‐level VD3 decreased ileal MDA and increased secretory immunoglobulin A. CSB up‐regulated ileal claudin1, superoxide dismutase 1, TGF‐β and LYZ mRNA expression and down‐regulated interleukin‐1β mRNA expression. CSB combined with high‐level VD3 increased ileal Faecalibaculum abundance. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Faecalibaculum was related to the immune and barrier function.

CONCLUSION

Dietary supplementation with CSB and high‐level VD3 improved early gut health in broilers by promoting intestinal development, enhancing antioxidant capacity, strengthening barrier function and enhancing the favorable composition of the gut bacterial flora. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
High Power Sunlight‐Simulated UV‐Induced Radical Polymerization: Self‐Initiation and Self‐Crosslinking
Authors: Yan Wenqing , de la Vega Jimena , Eroğlu Özen , Heisenberg Lavinia , Wang Deyi
Published: January 2024

Under high power UV irradiation, radicals can be generated from double bonds through photodissociation, H‐abstraction, or oxygen initiation mechanisms. This eliminates the need for externally added initiators in photopolymerization. This study investigates high‐power sunlight‐simulated UV‐induced free radical polymerization under various experimental conditions, including the presence of inhibitors, open or closed systems, and partial degassing. Additionally, high‐power sunlight‐simulated UV‐induced atom transfer radical polymerization is explored by externally adding CuBr2/ligand (1:2) catalyst at 100 or 1000 ppm molar concentration of copper. Delicate fabrication of real‐world thin films, coatings, and delicate 3D composites further demonstrates the high reliability and versatility of this technology.
The effects of awe‐eliciting experiences on consumers' aversion to choice ambiguity
Authors: Ahmmad Kamal , Harrold Mycah , Howlett Elizabeth , Perkins Andrew
Published: January 2024

Experiencing awe elicits feelings of both being part of something that is bigger than oneself (self‐transcendence) and a sense, or feeling, of smallness. Our studies show that these distinct responses serve as mechanisms of action that have both main and mediating effects on consumer preference in ambiguous choice contexts. Across five studies, this research shows that self‐transcendence decreases ambiguity aversion while a sense of smallness increases ambiguity aversion. In other words, the experience of awe can both increase and decrease consumers' aversion to ambiguity and this, in turn, can impact choice preferences. Awe‐inspiring brands with unique innovative designs, unexpected features, or exceptional quality need to be cognizant of the potential influence awe could have on consumers' purchase decisions.
Spontaneous recovery from post‐COVID‐19 brain fog
Authors: Hayashi Teruaki , Iwata Masaaki
Published: January 2024

Background

One‐third of individuals who contract novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) reportedly experience persistent symptoms, including respiratory issues, headache, dizziness, taste disorders, fatigue, and various psychiatric and neurological symptoms, known as post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2. In this case report, we present a patient who became aware of brain fog, which is cognitive impairment, approximately 2 months after their COVID‐19 symptoms had resolved, accompanied by anxiety and depression.

Case Presentation

The patient, a 35‐year‐old Japanese man, was infected with COVID‐19 and resumed work approximately 2 weeks later after symptoms improved. Approximately 1 month after returning to work, the patient's concentration became impaired and he started making noticeable errors at work. These symptoms did not improve, leading him to the outpatient clinic specializing in COVID‐19 sequelae at our hospital. Here, he underwent blood tests, electroencephalography, and head magnetic resonance imaging, which did not reveal any abnormalities. Cognitive decline due to COVID‐19 sequelae was therefore suspected, prompting his evaluation in our department approximately 5 months after his initial COVID‐19 infection. Detailed cognitive function tests were performed. He was monitored without the use of medications, and his cognitive function gradually improved. Approximately 11 months after his initial COVID‐19 infection, the same cognitive function tests were conducted again, because his subjective cognitive function symptoms had disappeared, and improvement was observed in many items.

Conclusion

Since brain fog is a relatively common sequela, we emphasize the importance of keeping this in mind from the initial consultations and comparing results over time.
Updates in pulmonary drug‐resistant tuberculosis pharmacotherapy: A focus on BPaL and BPaLM
Authors: Holger Dana J. , Althubyani Ali , Morrisette Taylor , Rebold Nicholas , Tailor Marylee
Published: January 2024

Drug‐resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern and contributes to high morbidity and mortality. New evidence supports the use of shorter duration, all‐oral regimens, which represent an encouraging treatment strategy for drug‐resistant TB. As a result, the landscape of drug‐resistant TB pharmacotherapy has drastically evolved regarding treatment principles and preferred agents. This narrative review focuses on the key updates of drug‐resistant TB treatment, including the use of short‐duration all‐oral regimens, while calling attention to current gaps in knowledge that may be addressed in future observational studies.
Paraprofessional perceptions about and use of behavior strategies in elementary schools
Authors: Wiggs Nicole B. , Glover Todd A. , Reddy Linda A. , Bronstein Briana , Dudek Christopher , Alperin Alexander
Published: January 2024

Paraprofessionals are often tasked with implementing behavior management strategies to support the complex needs of students with disruptive behavior disorders. This study examined reported use and effectiveness of common classroom behavior strategies from 86 paraprofessionals working in 36 elementary schools using a mixed method design. Data were from a larger randomized control trial that examined the effects of behavior support coaching on paraprofessional practices and student outcomes. Qualitative analysis highlighted themes related to behavior strategies use, including 94 “other” strategies. Paraprofessionals across conditions reported use of a range of behavior management strategies and were more likely to use consequence‐based than antecedent‐based strategies (χ2 = 381; p < .001; df = 1). Coached paraprofessionals reported greater use of reminding or reinforcing classroom rules and praising for appropriate behavior than controls. No group differences in overall strategy use (χ2 = 1.20; p = .273; df = 1) or overall perceived effectiveness (t = −1.45; p = .149; df = 755) were found. Implications of findings for practice and research are presented.
The development of sustained, selective, and divided attention in school‐age children
Authors: Talalay Ilya V.
Published: January 2024

This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate developmental changes in the efficiency of sustained, selective, and divided attention in a group of children aged 6−12 years by means of a computerized test battery. Participants included 199 children (51% female, majority White) who had normal or corrected‐to‐normal vision and no history of either neurological or attention deficit disorders. The study was conducted in three different schools. We used a convenience sampling strategy; each age group was sampled from one of the schools and was represented by students selected from different (parallel) classes of the same grade level. The three aspects of attention showed different developmental trajectories from 6 to 12 years. In terms of accuracy, selective attention was found to improve gradually, while the efficiency of divided attention increased dramatically across the school‐age years. In terms of reaction time, all attentional components showed a slow developmental time course. The results indicate that situations in which children have to divide attention among several sources of visual information while looking for two target stimuli considerably hamper their task performance. This is especially true for children of senior preschool and primary school age.
Tannic acid's role as both char former and blowing agent in epoxy‐based intumescent fire retardants
Authors: Covello James P. , Price Erik J. , Wnek Gary E.
Published: January 2024

A novel intumescent fire‐retardant coating formulation has been developed by taking advantage of the inherent stability of large cyclic polyphenols (e.g., tannic acid) to remove the need for a dedicated blowing agent, specifically melamine. Cone calorimetry data indicate a lower fire growth rate (FIGRA) (5.0 ± 1.3 vs. 2.4 ± 0.7 kW m−2 s−1) upon removal of melamine. Total smoke release (TSR) increases following this removal (178 ± 21.4 vs. 305 ± 13.2 m2 m−2), which indicates the role of tannic acid in gas generation. Thermogravimetric analysis resulted in similar residue yield from the examined systems (36 ± 1.3% vs. 34 ± 1.7%) despite removal of a dedicated blowing agent. These results indicate that tannic acids multistep degradation allows it to behave as both a char forming and blowing agent in intumescent systems. The observed reduction of acid loading between the melamine‐tannin system and the melamine‐free composition (15.6% vs. 10.6% wt. ammonium polyphosphate, respectively) is also significant. Tannic acid occurs in agricultural waste products, which is encouraging for the pursuit of sustainable chemistry and addressing potential adverse health effects in humans combined with reducing the overall phosphorous loading.

Highlights

Melamine was removed from the intumescent without compromising stability.

The resulting intumescent char was stronger despite less expansion.

Tannic acid is attributed as both the charring and blowing agent.

The tannin‐based coating requires a lower acid loading for similar performance.
Pulmonary hypertension patient perspectives toward pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Bailey Morgan , DuBrock Hilary M.
Published: January 2024

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a supervised exercise program for patients with chronic lung disease. Among patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), PR has been shown to improve both quality of life and exercise capacity. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of PR participation among PH patients, patient perspectives regarding PR, and to identify potential barriers to PR participation. We performed a cross‐sectional survey of patients with self‐reported PH who attended the Pulmonary Hypertension Association (PHA) conference in June 2022 in Atlanta, Georgia, and patients within the PHA listserv. A total of 429 participants completed the survey and were enrolled in the study. The average age of participants was 61 ± 14 years with 83% of participants identifying as female, 51% of patients self‐reported as having group 1 PH. Among patients who completed the survey, 41% had previously attended a PR program. Of those who had completed a PR program, 83% reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the program and 86% reported that they would recommend PR to other PH patients. After completion of a PR program, 76% of patients reported an improvement in their quality of life and 88% reported improvement in exercise capacity. Among the patients who had not previously participated in PR (n = 254), 63% reported an interest in participation while 64% cited a lack of discussion from their treatment team as the primary reason for the lack of PR participation. Limitations of the study include sampling and response bias. According to this cross‐sectional survey, the majority of PH patients who have participated in PR report improvement in both quality of life and exercise capacity and would recommend PR to other PH patients. The majority of PH patients who have not participated in PR were interested in participation and cited a lack of discussion with their treatment team as one of the primary reasons for the lack of participation. PR is associated with self‐reported improvements in quality of life and exercise capacity but remains underutilized among patients with PH.