bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithology- and climate-controlled soil aggregate-size distribution and organic carbon stability in the Peruvian Andes
Authors: Yang Songyu , Jansen Boris , Absalah Samira , van Hall Rutger L. , Kalbitz Karsten , Cammeraat Erik L. H.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Recent studies indicate that climate change influences soil mineralogy by
altering weathering processes and thus impacts soil aggregation and organic
carbon (SOC) stability. Alpine ecosystems of the Neotropical Andes are
characterized by high SOC stocks, which are important for sustaining ecosystem
services. However, climate change in the form of altered precipitation
patterns can potentially affect soil aggregation and SOC stability with
potentially significant effects on the soil's ecosystem services. This study
aimed to investigate the effects of precipitation and lithology on soil
aggregation and SOC stability in the Peruvian Andean grasslands, and it
assessed whether occlusion of organic matter (OM) in aggregates controls SOC
stability. For this, samples were collected from soils on limestone and
soils on acid igneous rocks from two sites with contrasting precipitation
levels. We used a dry-sieving method to quantify aggregate-size
distribution and applied a 76 d soil incubation with intact and crushed
aggregates to investigate SOC stability's dependence on aggregation. SOC
stocks ranged from 153±27 to 405±42 Mg ha−1, and the
highest stocks were found in the limestone soils of the wet site. We found
lithology rather than precipitation to be the key factor regulating soil
aggregate-size distribution, as indicated by coarse aggregates in the
limestone soils and fine aggregates in the acid igneous rock soils. SOC
stability estimated by specific SOC mineralization rates decreased with
precipitation in the limestone soils, but only minor differences were found
between wet and dry sites in the acid igneous rock soils. Aggregate
destruction had a limited effect on SOC mineralization, which indicates that
occlusion of OM in aggregates played a minor role in OM stabilization. This
was further supported by the inconsistent patterns of aggregate-size
distribution compared to the patterns of SOC stability. We propose that OM
adsorption on mineral surfaces is the main OM stabilization mechanism
controlling SOC stocks and stability. The results highlight the interactions
between precipitation and lithology on SOC stability, which are likely
controlled by soil mineralogy in relation to OM input.
Interannual variability of summer surface mass balance and surface melting in the Amundsen sector, West Antarctica
Authors: Donat-Magnin Marion , Jourdain Nicolas C. , Gallée Hubert , Amory Charles , Kittel Christoph , Fettweis Xavier , Wille Jonathan D. , Favier Vincent , Drira Amine , Agosta Cécile
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Understanding the interannual variability of surface mass balance (SMB) and surface melting in Antarctica is key to quantify the signal-to-noise ratio in climate trends, identify opportunities for multi-year climate predictions and assess the ability of climate models to respond to climate variability. Here we simulate summer SMB and surface melting from 1979 to 2017 using the Regional Atmosphere Model (MAR) at 10 km resolution over the drainage basins of the Amundsen Sea glaciers in West Antarctica. Our simulations reproduce the mean present-day climate in terms of near-surface temperature (mean overestimation of 0.10 ∘C), near-surface wind speed (mean underestimation of 0.42 m s−1), and SMB (relative bias <20 % over Thwaites glacier). The simulated interannual variability of SMB and melting is also close to observation-based estimates. For all the Amundsen glacial drainage basins, the interannual variability of summer SMB and surface melting is driven by two distinct mechanisms: high summer SMB tends to occur when the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) is shifted southward and westward, while high summer melt rates tend to occur when ASL is shallower (i.e. anticyclonic anomaly). Both mechanisms create a northerly flow anomaly that increases moisture convergence and cloud cover over the Amundsen Sea and therefore favors snowfall and downward longwave radiation over the ice sheet. The part of interannual summer SMB variance explained by the ASL longitudinal migrations increases westward and reaches 40 % for Getz. Interannual variation in the ASL relative central pressure is the largest driver of melt rate variability, with 11 % to 21 % of explained variance (increasing westward). While high summer SMB and melt rates are both favored by positive phases of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) only explains 5 % to 16 % of SMB or melt rate interannual variance in our simulations, with moderate statistical significance. However, the part explained by SOI in the previous austral winter is greater, suggesting that at least a part of the ENSO–SMB and ENSO–melt relationships in summer is inherited from the previous austral winter. Possible mechanisms involve sea ice advection from the Ross Sea and intrusions of circumpolar deep water combined with melt-induced ocean overturning circulation in ice shelf cavities. Finally, we do not find any correlation with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in summer.
Fear and loathing on Facebook? Tracking the rise of populism and platformization in viral political Facebook posts
Authors: Larsson Anders Olof
Published: January 2020

Adopting a longitudinal ‘demand’ perspective to the study of online political campaigning, the present study details developments in supporter engagement on party Facebook Pages during three Swedish elections — 2010, 2014 and 2018. Specifically, the work presented here uncovers the roles of populism and platformization as ways of constructing political messages. Results indicate that over time, viral posts emerge as increasingly crafted based on the ever-changing affordances of the studied platform, evolving from text-based in 2010 to image-based in 2014 and emerging as primarily video-based in the 2018 elections. Implications for political campaigning are discussed.
“Oh yes. The hat”: Hats at Work in Conrad
Authors: Warodell Johan Adam
Published: January 2020

This article explores a set of marginal characters of topmost importance: hats. The study of hats may, of course, appear to smack of esoteric trivia. I argue that such a commonsensical assumption is at odds with Joseph Conrad's fictional hats: their variety, number, and position in the texts. From the bowler to the Bersagliere, there are more than twenty-five types of hats in his fiction. Conrad shows us not just what hats do but also how to do things with hats. He leaves us with the idea that while we may think that we wear hats, hats are clothed in meaning and may even wear us; there is no clear boundary between object and person; an everyday material object can be a key to understanding a complex individual and vice versa. Finally, the hats are not just a crowning achievement of the literary enterprise; they are symptomatic of Conrad's radical and persistent focus on details.
Speaking Without Words: Luhrmann's Adaptation of Romeo and Juliet
Authors: Pizano Arturo Leyva
Published: January 2020

In an assessment of Baz Luhrmann's 1996 film, William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet, this article takes up the question of what makes a film adaptation of Shakespeare successful. The film has been criticized for its divergence from the letter of Shakespeare's text and its apparent lack of adherence to the structure of the play. However, I argue that these alterations enable Luhrmann to transfer the key themes of Romeo and Juliet into a uniquely cinematic form. Drawing on Richard Fry's interpretation of the Shakespearean text, I focus on the play's theme of the inevitable inadequacy of language to convey emotion and meaning. By deconstructing the play's text and employing cinematic conventions, Luhrmann offers the viewer a visual experience of emotions that were initially meant to be represented verbally on the stage. Transferring the language of Shakespeare's play into the visual and thereby offering the viewer a genuinely human approach to the emotions conveyed within the play seems to imply the inadequacy of language. This technique creates a stark contrast with the spoken language that remains in the film. By that, Luhrmann seems to underscore Shakespeare's point about the inadequacy of language and enables viewers to experience the Shakespearean verse anew.
Las pioneras en exigir educación científica: Ciencia, mujer y prensa en el Chile decimonónico
Authors: Ramírez Verónica
Published: January 2020

Este artículo revisa desde una perspectiva histórica los esfuerzos protagonizados por una red de mujeres chilenas durante las últimas tres décadas del siglo XIX, destinados a conseguir su derecho a educarse científica y profesionalmente. Su enfoque se centra en el análisis de publicaciones efectuadas por estas mujeres en la prensa, lo que a su vez responde a una actitud rupturista que les permitió tomarse espacios negados antes para ellas (la ciencia y la prensa), yendo más allá de lo establecido, y motivando con sus acciones reformas y cambios sociales profundos. La tesis principal desarrollada es que la irrupción de la mujer en la prensa chilena está completamente ligada a esta red de intelectuales que exigió el derecho de educarse profesional y científicamente. Se postula que esta última convicción fue el aliciente para que ellas se tomaran aquel espacio público, convirtiéndose la prensa en la herramienta principal para lograr sus objetivos.
Un análisis sobre la seducción y el acoso en la universidad (San Martín, Argentina)
Authors: Palumbo Mariana , López Belén , Pagnone Melina
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es, por un lado, describir y analizar comparativamente escenas de acoso/hostigamiento en el marco de situaciones de seducción que tienen como destinatarios/as a varones y mujeres; y, por el otro, examinar cuáles son los efectos de las mismas en la construcción de subjetividad femenina y masculina. Se analizan dichas experiencias en estudiantes varones y mujeres de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina.

La pregunta que vertebra este trabajo apunta a reconocer los umbrales que llevan de un pasaje del erotismo consentido a situaciones que son percibidas, por los/as estudiantes, como acoso, y qué hacen frente a este hecho. La metodología es cualitativa y se desprende de la realización de entrevistas en profundidad a estudiantes de la Universidad y de la recepción de denuncias sobre violencia contra las mujeres, por parte de la Consejería Integral en violencia de género y sexualidades de dicha Universidad.
Análisis de redes sociales: Identificación de comunidades virtuales en Twitter
Authors: Humberstone James
Published: January 2020

El Análisis de redes sociales consiste en examinar estructuras de entidades: datos, objetos, grupos de personas, etc.; y sus interacciones dentro de una comunidad centrándose en las relaciones que existen entre ellas. En la presente investigación se expone una metodología para determinar las comunidades virtuales que interactúan en la plataforma de la red social Twitter. Como validación, se realizó la captura de datos de tres eventos mediáticos relacionados a la acción política de los candidatos a la presidencia de El Salvador 2019.
Communication Via Self-disclosure Behavior of Micro-influencers on Social Media in Thailand
Authors: Rodprayoon Nachayapat
Published: January 2020

Technology and human way of life have changed through eras and time, just like business operations that require marketing in order to develop to have their spaces in the consumers’ minds. It can be seen that with the time passes, marketing communication tools also change. Currently, it is unavoidable to rely on internet technology to help in the marketing process through the use marketing communication tools called “Marketing Communication”, done through social media.  The website has created a model of society, allowing consumers to search for information on their own based on the direct experiences of those who have used that products, influential people in ideas or influencers, which play a huge role in the distribution of news and information. Therefore, various agencies/ organizations are persuading these influencers to participate in activities, organized to help. The influencer will publish information and create word-of-mouth online. As the importance of the behavior of the group of people that are classified as micro-influencers have increased rapidly, information dissemination through micro-influencers has become an important tool in communication that marketers rely on by using consumers to communicate with consumers. Therefore, there are studies of forms of identity disclosure, level of disclosure, social capital, and social support of self-disclosure behavior of individuals, who are micro-influencer. It is beneficial to entrepreneurs, including marketers to study about aforementioned topics in order to plan communication to consumers by choosing to use consumers as messengers in order to make that communication most effective. The research was conducted in-depth interviews with 30 micro-influencers on social media via Facebook, between 24-38 years old, with 500 - 10,000 followers. The research found that Social support is the main reason that micro-influencers have revealed themselves on social media via Facebook. Meanwhile, it is also a way to learn about self-disclosure forms on social networks of influential people at the micro level or micro-influencers on order to be used as a tool for marketing communication in the current marketing world, especially the form of marketing communication in Thailand through social media.
Size Matters: Estimation Sample Length and Electricity Price Forecasting Accuracy
Authors: Fezzi Carlo , Mosetti Luca
Published: January 2020

Short-term electricity price forecasting models are typically estimated via rolling windows, i.e. by using only the most recent observations. Nonetheless, the literature does not provide guidelines on how to select the optimal size of such windows. This paper shows that determining the appropriate window prior to estimation dramatically improves forecasting performances. In addition, it proposes a simple two-step approach to choose the best performing models and window sizes. The value of this methodology is illustrated by analyzing hourly datasets from two large power markets (Nord Pool and IPEX) with a selection of eleven different forecasting models. Incidentally, our empirical application reveals that simple models, such as a simple linear regression (SLR) with only two parameters, can perform unexpectedly well if estimated on extremely short samples. Surprisingly, in the Nord Pool, such SLR is the best performing model in 13 out 24 trading periods.
Criminaliteit en macht: een inleiding
Authors: van Swaaningen René
Published: January 2020

Crime and power

Criminologists have by and large sought to explain crime by the deficiencies people may have. It took till the 1970s until the idea that crime can also be caused by structural power inequalities got an actual name in criminology: crimes of the powerful. Starting with the works of Willem Bonger and Edward Ross in the early 20th century, the author analyses how critical criminologists like Frank Pearce introduced the term ‘crimes of the powerful’ in the 1970s and how this concept was subsequently applied to gender- and racial inequalities, state crime, corruption et cetera, whilst pointing at the topical relevance of using a lens of ‘crimes of the powerful’ as a sensitising concept to analyse present-day problems, ranging from sexual abuse in the Roman Catholic church to the banking sector or indeed the expropriation of indigenous lands in the Amazon by soy-farmers and timber traders.
Integratief seksindustriebeleid in Nieuw-Zeeland
Authors: Rottier Joep
Published: January 2020

Integrative sex industry policy in New Zealand – Success for a unique social movement

Contrary to its allies in other countries, the sex industry decriminalization movement in New Zealand, embodied by the New Zealand Prostitutes Collective (NZPC), achieved its goal in 2003. This article explores the reform of the sex industry policy in this country on the basis of a Social Movement Concept. Apart from the specific New Zealand culture, particularly the interaction between three social political aspects – awareness, political opportunities, and a strong social movement organisation – can be identified as crucial factors in realizing a decriminalized sex industry environment. The enactment of the Prostitution Reform Act 2003 meant a unique and huge success for a small sex workers movement.
Stream of Consciousness and Polyphony in William Faulkner’s Novels
The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom! An Attempt
at Synthesis
Authors: Pyra Justyna
Published: January 2020

The article applies Robert Humphrey’s analysis of the narrative mode of stream
of consciousness to William Faulkner’s novels The Sound and the Fury and Absalom,
Absalom! It discusses Faulkner’s uses of different types of stream of consciousness and
his presumed purposes behind the employment this narrative mode. Unlike some other
modernist writers, who treated stream of consciousness as a literary experiment, Faulkner
developed it into a complex narrative mode.
William Faulkner in the Media Ecology
Authors: Matthews John
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes (mal)adaptations of Faulkner’s fi ction in Martin Ritt’s The Long,
Hot Summer (1958) and The Sound and the Fury (1959), both produced by Jerry
Wald and scripted by Harriet Frank, Jr. and Irving Ravetch. Both of these movies revisit
the plantation South in the 1950s, and remind us that the plantation persisted as a system of production and a subject of cultural fascination through the century. The author
analyzes the extent to which the adaptors alter the originals, also by using other Faulkner’s texts. Additionally, attention has been paid to the concept of „media ecology,” the
status of Faulkner’s modernist texts in the 1950s and his achievement as a great chronicler of modernity, not only as a virtuoso of technique.
The Literary Work of William Faulkner and the „Podolski Series”
by Włodzimierz Odojewski. A Comparative Essay
Authors: Pyra Justyna
Published: January 2020

The article offers a comparative reading of the writings of William Faulkner and Polish novelist Włodzimierz Odojewski. Odojewski, the author, among others, of the novels
Wyspa ocalenia and Zasypie wszystko, zawieje…, names Faulkner as an important inspiration. The correspondences between Faulkner’s and Odojewski’s works can be found
not only on the formal level in the use of stream of consciousness, but also in the creation
of characters, especially women, and the construction of spaces.
Four Sketches on Piotr Mitzner’s Poems
Authors: Łukasiewicz Jacek
Published: January 2020

The article demonstrates that the principle of poetic construction in four selected texts by Piotr Mitzner (The Pursuit, Dream seance, Wólka, The Lake, Onto the Earth) is the co-presence of a series of opposites: discipline and instability, consciousness and unconsciousness, the rational and the irrational, the real world and a dream, reason and faith. The refl ection on poetry in these poems expresses a conviction that the reality is not a plot which could be freely changed. This belief remains valid in spite of linguistic polysemy and emotional vacuum.
Unexpected Neologisms and Slips of the Tongue That Come First: Some Remarks on Piotr Mitzner’s Poems
Authors: Kuczyńska-Koschany Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

The article is examines a specifi c aspect of Piotr Mitzner’s linguistic poetry which consists in the presence of conscious slips of the tongue; they reshape the ethnic language into a poetic one and generate neologisms. This feature provides an important key to Mitzner’s poetic idiom. The article locates Mitzner’s poetic strategies in a wide cultural context and thus shows his remarkable (if still unrecognized) erudition.
Clementines at the End of Time
Piotr Mitzner’s Apocrypha in "John on the Patmos Island"
Authors: Micnas Paweł
Published: January 2020

The article offers an analysis Piotr Mitzner’s poem John on the Patmos Island with
a view to uncovering its apocryphal subtext. This aspect can be connected to the postmodern esthetics. A variety of texts of culture – for example the Bible, Bosch’s and Titian’s
paintings, Czeslaw Milosz’s poetry – are mentioned to establish a relevant context.
Postmodern world vision? – the grotesque and black humour
in postmodern Polish prose
Authors: Wnuk Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

The article considers black humour as an important element of postmodern culture.
The term is defi ned as a variety of humour which mocks society, taboo, illness, death,
and is linked with pure nonsense and the grotesque. In the article, black humor is analyzed on the example of such Polish writers as Jerzy Pilch, Krzysztof Varga, Wojciech
Stamm and Paweł Goźliński, who use it as a way to express postmodern world vision
as an ambiguous and dangerous labyrinth.
Russian Emigrant School of Translation
Authors: Mitzner Piotr
Published: January 2020

The article offers a glance at the history of those Russian literary scholars and translators who emigrated to Poland after the Revolution of 1917. It also presents an important, but forgotten writer and translator from Russian, Wacław Denhoff-Czarnocki (who
played an important role in presenting Russian poetry to Polish audiences in the 1920s)
and refers to a review in which Lev Gomolicki not only comments on a Polish translation
of Pushkin’s verse, but also sketches a short set of formal rules that prominent Russian
translators of the time defi ned as valid principles of poetry translation.
The Mystery and the Original: Notes on the Art of Translation
Authors: Szaruga (Wirpsza) Leszek (Aleksander)
Published: January 2020

The article presents a multileveled view on translation: it begins with an attempt
at a defi nition (what is the original text?) and goes on to explore a set of diffi culties connected with the translation of a multilingual poem by Oskar Pastior. The argumentation
attempts to verify Stanisław Barańczak’s opinion that, if needed, translation may require a total replacement of the original elements. In a later section, the article analyses
the new Polish translation of Pushkin’s Bronze Horseman prepared by Adam Pomorski, against the previously existing, canonical version by Julian Tuwim, and in reference
to Barańczak’s seemingly daring pronouncement.
Social Constructionism: Philosophy for the Academic Workplace
Authors: Bauerline Mark , Kluba Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

Social constructionism – currently dominant and passing for philosophical wisdom – an academic belief that any social object, institution, idea etc. is dependent
on contingent, historical and social conditions, examined by Mark Bauerlein reveals
its limited justifi cation. The author refers to the fundamental epistemological distinction
between the contents of knowledge and the context of their emergence. He demonstrates how confusing those two different aspects lead to a well known logical mistake,
the genetic fallacy. Yet, Bauerlein aims at reasoning that the actual rationale of social constructionism is far-distant from its declared epistemological quest and that in reality it consists in mere institutional benefi ts. Simplifying rhetoric, predictable conclusions
and a chance to reduce research time predestine social constructionism to be the excellent methodology for „scholarship in haste”, when productivity standards replaced the
model of erudition, refl ection and thorough studying.
Between ether and theater. A phonic study of human by Zbigniew Herbert
Authors: Dźwinel Kamil
Published: January 2020

The article refers to Herbert’s drama works in the context of their relations with
the radio. Particular attention is paid here to the transmission of meaning to the sound
in Herbert’s dramas, and to the hermeneutic extent of attempts in creating genre which
were made by the poet. Based on the two „plays for a voices” – Lalek and Drugi pokój
– the meta-radio aspects of Herbert’s dramas are considered. The innovatory formula of „dramatic thinking”, which is constantly realized in Pan Cogito author’s dramas,
poems and essays – in the case of Herbert’s radio-theather creativity fi nds its place
in the presented in this article category of phonic study of human. The radio topics
included in Herbert’s plays are associated with the diagnosis of communication crisis
affecting people today.
Looking with the ears – Tom Stoppard’s Artist Descending a Staircase
Authors: Uchman Jadwiga
Published: January 2020

Artist Descending a Staircase is a radio drama in which Tom Stoppard makes an intertextual reference to the famous cubist painting of Marcel Duchamp – The Nude Descending a Staircase. Duchamp aimed not only at representing three dimensionality of the object on the two dimensional canvass (which was the attempt common to all the cubists) but also the notion of movement by means of a stroboscopic effect. Tom Stoppard, working in a different medium, tries to represent reality by means of the radio medium. In the process he invites the listeners to actively participate in the process of creating meaning. He sets yet another ambush for the listeners and makes them discover that the tape recording heard by them at the beginning and end of the play does not present a murder (as the characters of this short radio play assume) but an accident – Donner was not killed by one of his friends but fell down the stairs while chasing a fl y which was destroying Beauchamp’s tape of silence.
The Individualising and Subversive Role of the Radio in Selected Contemporary Irish Poems and Plays
Authors: Ojrzyńska Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

The article investigates the depictions of and allusions to the radio in selected works of contemporary Irish playwrights and poets. In particular, I focus on Brian Friel’s Dancing at Lughnasa, Medbh McGuckian’s Marconi’s Cottage and Bernard Farrell’s Then Moses Met Marconi. Examined through the prism of Seamus Heaney’s commentary on the role of the medium in Ireland made in his Nobel Prize lecture, these works present the radio as an intellectually stimulating agent. It serves as an element subversive towards the dominant ideologies and beliefs, which liberates the Irish from their provincial restrictive reality and offers them access to alternative social, moral and aesthetic values. I argue that, opposing the national policies, the radio in the discussed poems and dramas serves not so much as a unifi er but as an individualising factor, inspiring creativity and change.
On the necessity of comparative analysis in genre studies
Authors: Wnuk Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the problems of genre problems presented in the light of modern
comparative studies. On the example of romanticism and its popular genres, such as
verse tale, digressive poem, romantic drama and a variety of odd types of poetic works,
it has been demonstrated that comparative analysis can be very useful in describing the
formal aspect of literary works and the interaction between genres.
A Genealogy of Modernity: Schulz, Witkacy,
and Gombrowicz, and the Ventures of Polish
Writers of the Second Half of the Nineteenth
Century and the Turn of the Nineteenth
and Twentieth Centuries
Authors: Paczoska Ewa
Published: January 2020

Witkacy, Gombrowicz and Schulz are most often treated as “icons” of Polish modern prose. Undoubtedly, their quests, experiments, and discoveries established paths for the development of Polish and European novels of the twentieth and twenty-ﬁ rst centuries. However, for all their greatness and individuality, Schulz’s, Witkacy’s, and Gombrowicz’s oeuvre did not appear all of a sudden; they were deeply immersed in the works of their predecessors: those with whom they argued and fought, and those whom they followed more or less consciously. The turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is a crucial moment for the formation of a Polish modernist literary grouping1. Asking about genealogy of Polish modern prose, we obviously ask questions about modernism. Gombrowicz, Witkacy, and Schulz belong to its peak. In a broad sense, as a set of intellectual, artistic, and political tendencies responding to the challenges of modernity, modernism undoubtedly determines the horizons of Polish literature even earlier – at least from the middle of the nineteenth century on. Modernist questions emerged from the late 1870s on, when the generation of Polish “positivists” reached their maturity.
Bruno Schulz, His Myths and Mythemes
Authors: Tomaszewski Marek
Published: January 2020

Bruno Schulz’s peculiar fascination with myth is striking. Applying the principle of “the mythiﬁ cation of reality”, he develops a theory which focuses on the whole meaning of the word. Certain essays published in the same collection, for instance “The Mythiﬁ cation of Reality”, do not refer to a particular text, but constitute a synthesis, a sort of artistic credo. The author of the article tries to ﬁnd the role of the myth creator in literature, which is the dominant theme in Schulz’s oeuvre.
Playing with Form: Possessed
by Witold Gombrowicz
Authors: Wnuk Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

Possessed, the novel written by Witold Gombrowicz, like a piece of grotesque proper, mixes various styles: high and low, neutral and disturbing, sentimental/romantic and prosaic. The author consciously emphasizes particular genre markers in some passages, leading the reader down a speciﬁ c path, just to clash them with passages of a contradictory genre type. A good case in point is the description of the prince’s residence that complies with gothic novel conventions: it is horrifying and accentuates the singularity of the historical place. Possessed, apparently, was not only to be a product for a mass readership, but an experiment binding the features of high and low art, merging various audiences; it lives up to the expectations of the common reader of mass literature, as well as of the reader of a more sophisticated taste; on the one hand, the novel copies the mechanism of mass culture, as described by Eco48, and on the other, it is a frivolous and pleasant entertainment for a highbrow reader. As an experiment, therefore, the novel is a success because of the abovementioned recent theatrical adaptations, as well as its explicit comic effects.
On Debates in Literary Studies
Authors: Mackiewicz Tomasz
Published: January 2020

The author of the article asks for the genesis of the debate over literary history, the reasons for the criticism aimed at it, and ways of overcoming the crisis (real or supposed). The following article will offer an overview of the main voices in the debate that has been under way for many years, in Poland as well as elsehere.
Grotesque Possible Worlds
Authors: Starnawski Bartłomiej
Published: January 2020

The author of the articles shows that the grotesque is one of the most interesting ways of diagnosing changes and crisis in the anthroposphere (as a continuation of thinking about the subject from the middle of the seventeenth century through to postmodernity). According to Thomas Mann, the grotesque is one the most active notions in contemporary art. Its productivity results from the subject’s tendency to self-fulﬁlment, self-cognition, and self-deﬁnition; it is an independent vision and position in the “me – the world”, “me – community” relations.

The grotesque is a strongly philosophical proposition, which bases its discourse on a conscious protest against present values and on transgressing all limiting and oppressive conventions. Therefore, the grotesque enhances the status of the subject, but it neither defends nor afﬁ rms the subject in a direct manner. Apart from the social dimension, the grotesque also has numerous metaphysical references, the expression of which can be found in Kierkegaardian understanding of the metaphysical crisis as despair. Facing piercing emptiness, the human being tries to ﬁnd some support and resorts to anything only to make a leap into the future. Laughter is only a manifestation of horror vacui, a speciﬁc dialectic moment devoid of any prospect of puriﬁcation or comfort. What dominates a grotesque work is its open structure. The motifs which shape the spatiotemporal order do not always form a cause-and-effect system. Deliberately incoherent themes (logical coherence is not an aim) seem to be rather “deconstructors”, not constructors of the plot; they are intermittent, provoke the impression of a secret, a gleam, the absurd.
The Sacred and the Scandal:
On Religious References in Advertising
Authors: Pawłowska-Jądrzyk Brygida
Published: January 2020

However we judge this fact, references to religion in contemporary advertisements serve as a persuasion device as much as, say, erotic motifs do. Their role is to encourage the consumer to purchase particular goods or services (or to adopt some attitude or conduct). Some forms of mass art, for example the cinema, have developed ways of evading sexual and religious taboos - for instance, using ﬁ gures such as ellipsis or euphemisms in awkward contexts . However, the radically persuasive nature of advertising, the necessity to struggle through the information noise and to reach the widest possible target group lead to such a selection of motifs that, on the one hand, they overcome thinking routines and attract attention and, on the other, they carry clear message and stay in the memory better. For many, using religious symbols in a context any other than the traditional one immediately means profanation or blasphemy. However, internally heterogenic, contemporary culture successively broadens the range of traditions and it uses its language to express its own ideas and ideals. It seems that the process is unstoppable. Protests or prohibitions (especially rash and incautious ones) may only accelerate it, for, as we know, nothing helps advertising better than a scandal. This should motivate readers to think more about phenomena which evoke spontaneous objection or disrespect.
The Poet from Ostrog
Authors: Mitzner Piotr
Published: January 2020

The article presents the literary works of Lev Gomolicki, an outstanding Russian poet, an emigre writer in the interwar period, and a prominent Polish scholar in the ﬁeld of Russian studies after 1945. He spent his youth in Volyn. Local themes are very important for his literary works. The article is an introduction to an essay by Gomolicki about the tradition Ukrainian folk song, accomopanied by the text of a song under discussion
Myth as a Stronghold of Biographism. A Study of Józef Łobodowski
Authors: Dubyk Halyna
Published: January 2020

The article discusses literary the works of Józef Łobodowski from a mythographic perspective. Three themes are crucial in his poetic writing: his presumed origin from Kozak Łoboda, his experience and vision of revolution, and his love for Zuzanna Ginczanka. Łobodowski combines a faithful representation of biography with a mythical narrative. As a result, each mythographic textual solution acquires a particular functional dimension.
Performing Metaphors: The Singularity of Literary Figuration
Authors: Attridge Derek , Lutostański Bartosz , Nowicka Marta
Published: January 2020

In Performing Metaphors: The Singularity of Literary Figuration Derek Attridge redeﬁ nes the work of art in terms of alterity, invention and singularity. For a given work of art to occur, it must be performed, that is, justice must be done to it as a literary event and as the eventness of that event. One of the most vital features of the (process of) performance of literature is metaphor, argues Attridge, adducing various works, from philosophy (David Hume) to poetry (Robert Graves) to everyday spoken speech (quoted by a cognitive linguist, Ronald Carter) to prove his point.
SECURITY OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION IN THE POLISH ARMED FORCES
Authors: Topolewski Stanisław
Published: January 2020

The material presents the evolution of classified information security in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland from 1918 to the present.
The organization of the classified information protection system was presented, including normative documents, structures and tasks.
A specific time period was adopted in accordance with historical chronology and the protection of secrecy, i.e. during the interwar periods, the Second World War, the times of the Polish People's Republic, and from 1999 to the present day.
One should be aware that due to the framework of the publication, the information presented is mostly signaled, but sources have been indicated where interested parties can expand their knowledge
NORWEGIAN WAR FLEET ON GUARD OF THE SECURITY OF NATO DURING THE COLD WAR, PART 1
Authors: Będźmirowski Jerzy
Published: January 2020

Due to its geographical location, Norway was, is and will continue to be an important component of the security system of NATO countries. Its direct border with the Soviet Union (now Russia) over a distance of over 170 km has influenced the fact that this region has been perceived as pivotal. After the end of World War II, when Europe and the world split into two political and military factions, a dynamic process of conventional and nuclear armaments began, and thus the world was heading toward an armed conflict and an extermination of civilization. Today we know that the Cold War did not turn into a hot war. This region, the North European region, was of particular importance. It offered the possibility for the Soviet nuclear fleet to leave for the Atlantic Ocean and carry out a nuclear attack on the USA and Canada. In order to prevent such a situation, the North Atlantic Theatre of War was created which included without limitation the Norwegian naval forces. The aim of this article is to present that issue
COMPRESSIVE RESISTANCE OF THE MYCELIUM COMPOSITE
Authors: VIDHOLDOVÁ ZUZANA , KORMÚTHOVÁ DOMINIKA , ŽDINSKÝ JÁN I , LAGAŇA RASTISLAV
Published: January 2020

Compressive resistance of the mycelium composite. Mycelium composites are a type of novel,
economical and environmentally sustainable materials. The advantage of this material is that it forms a compact
unit without the use of any adhesives. In this study mycelium boards were prepared from middle wood chipped
particles for the manufacturing of commercial particle boards by using the growth activity of fungus Trametes
versicolor. The compressive resistance of the mycelium composite was low but acceptable and comparable with
other materials.
Raw material factors affecting the quota of structural wood in sawmill
production
Authors: WIERUSZEWSKI MAREK , MIRSKI RADOSŁAW , TROCIŃSKI ADRIAN
Published: January 2020

Construction wood has to meet high requirements for loads capacity. Thanks to the selection and
adequate classification of raw materials it is possible to decide how specific wood products can and should be
used. The usage of solid wood for structural elements purposes has been precisely classified and specified in
standardized requirements. Twelve classes of structural timber, ranging from C14 to C50, have been identified
for softwood. Only part of Polish raw wood meets the standards of strength classes required in the building
industry, as its strength corresponds to classes C24 and C30. A conclusion from research on the assortment
structure of the raw materials in Poland was formed that it is particularly important to sort wood effectively
according to its quality and intended use during processing. The material and strength efficiency is the main
indicator of rational use of wood. The research resulted in setting the initial classification limits of selected round
wood groups according to its strength. Properties determining the possibilities of obtaining a high quality
product from the available raw wood material were taken into account in the research. Crucial factor was to
select the proper research technology of determining dependencies between the applied research methodology
and the defined wood quality, sorting class and strength class. The lower limit of availability of raw material
with appropriate technical characteristics is determined during the selection of the research formula.
The chemical composition of poplar wood in relation to the species and the age of trees
Authors: KRUTUL DONATA , ANTCZAK ANDRZEJ , KŁOSIŃSKA TERESA , RADOMSKI ANDRZEJ , DROŻDŻEK MICHAŁ , ZAWADZKI JANUSZ
Published: January 2020

The chemical composition of poplar wood in relation to the species and age of trees. The contents of the following substances: mineral substances, extractives, cellulose, lignin, holocellulose, in wood from fastgrowing poplar species (Populus deltoides x maximowiczii and Populus trichocarpa Torr and A.Gray) aged 2.5, 3, 5 and 7 years were compared to the contents of the abovementioned substances in Populus nigra L. and Populus alba L. wood, aged about 30. According to other publications, the cellulose and lignin contents increase in line with the tree's age. On the other hand, the comparison of cellulose content in studied poplar wood showed that its content did not depend from the species of tree, age and growth environment. Whereas, the content of extractives in poplar wood was dependent from the species of tree and growth environment. The lignin content in Populus deltoides x maximowiczii and Populus trichocarpa wood did not depend from its age and was similar to the lignin content in 30-year-old P. nigra wood. 30-year-old wood of P. nigra and P. alba contained less holocellulose compared to its contents in P. deltoides x maximowiczii and P. trichocarpa wood, regardless of its age.
Timber cross-cutting accuracy obtained with an automatic saw
Authors: NIECIĄG SZYMON , PAŁUBICKI BARTOSZ , WILKOWSKI JACEK , ROGOZIŃSKI TOMASZ
Published: January 2020

Timber cross-cutting accuracy obtained with an automatic saw. The aim of this study was to verify
the accuracy of cross-cutting of Scots Pine timber with use of optimization cross-cut saw Salvador Supercut 500.
An influence of nominal element length and thru-feed speed was examined and analyzed with statistical
methods.
Use of wood in the Baltic courses architecture on the example of Binz in
Ruges
Authors: BRĘCZEWSKA-KULESZA DARIA , WIELOCH GRZEGORZ
Published: January 2020

Use of wood in the Baltic courses architecture on the example of Binz in Ruges. The town of Binz
is a great example of a comprehensive renovation of a town built in a spa style using wood. Made of wood,
balconies, loggias, porches, gables, half-timbered constructions of fragments or even entire floors of
buildings, combined with various architectural elements, referring to different stylistic formations, creates a
perfectly matching conglomerate of forms despite each other's diversity and the surrounding nature. Thanks
to the forms of decoration used, the frontage of the building looks harmonious. Laurel ornaments give them a
specific beauty that allows you to break away from reality and encourages relaxation. Accents in the
landscape, especially variety of villas, prevent fatigue and add expression to the whole building giving desire
to just watch them. However, without the use of wood usually painted white, this would never have been
achieved. That is why they were often called "white pearls of the Baltic".
Design of a snap connector to connect panel elements
Authors: MATWIEJ ŁUKASZ , KŁOS ROBERT , BONOWSKI MIROSŁAW
Published: January 2020

Design of a snap connector to connect panel elements. The aim of this study was to design,
manufacture and verify the tensile strength of a prototype snap connector to be used to connect panel elements.
Firstly, analyses were conducted on solutions of commercially available designs for connectors invisible from
the cabinet’s outside and those with minimized visibility. While searching for the best concept of connector
design, three proposals were prepared, of which – after thorough analysis of design – one concept was selected.
In the next step, the adopted solution was improved so that the connector met the previously formulated design
requirements. In the course of further analyses, the causes and effects of failure were verified in order to limit or
eliminate potential defects. In the next stage of the study, numerical calculations were conducted for the nut and
the connector, concerning tensile strength, using the Autodesk Simulation Multiphysics program.
After a prototype connector was manufactured, tensile strength tests were conducted on the connector using a
strength testing machine. Experiments verified the correctness of the developed design in terms of geometry and
the physico-mechanical properties of materials of individual elements, and resulted in possible changes proposed
in the design of the final connector product.
Impact of upholstered furniture seat structures on the long-term use
comfort
Authors: WIADEREK KRZYSZTOF , WIADEREK IWONA , LANGE JULIA
Published: January 2020

Impact of upholstered furniture structures on the comfort of long-term use. The main objective of the
study was to analyze the impact of changes to the structures of upholstered seating furniture to measure the
comfort of new furniture and after long use. Tests were conducted with the use of a Force Sensitive Applications
sensing mat to record contact pressure, and a profiled cavity pressed into the seat with a force of 760 N. The
period of 5 years of long-term use was simulated by the cyclic load of 1000 N x 25,000 repetitions. Based on the
analysis of the test results obtained, a decrease in the discomfort factor D by 12.7% for seat I and 11.5% for seat
II was observed. This means an increase in the feeling of comfort in using these seats during the period of use.
This is associated with a decrease in seat stiffness. Seats with less rigidity ("softer") cause less pressure on the
human body due to the larger usable area.
The use of the Krippendorff’s coefficient in determining intra-rater reliability in human visual quality control of furniture manufacturing processes
Authors: ŚMIETAŃSKA KATARZYNA , PODZIEWSKI PIOTR
Published: January 2020

The use of the Krippendorff’s Coefficient in determining intra-rater reliability in human visual quality control of furniture manufacturing processes. The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of human visual quality control of furniture manufacturing processes. The aim of this experiment was to check the inter-rater reliability of three elements: the judge, the instruction of which the quality of individual objects made of laminated MDF was determined and the quality assessment by a human. The Krippendorff’s Coefficient was used as a measure of visual control effectiveness. The results of the experiment showed that the use of human visual quality control of furniture manufacturing processes can be a good solution. The values of all three coefficients K1, K2 and K3 gave alpha> 0.8, which is considered a guarantee of high compliance. Therefore, the tested judge turned out to be reliable and competent, the instructions were clear and sufficient, and the figures obtained were reliable. It turned out that the Krippendorff’s Coefficient values differ depending on the number of categories (for two categories K2 = 0.904, K3 = 0.902; for three categories K1 = 0.849). The way the categories were created did not affect the stability of the assessment. The alpha coefficient can undoubtedly be considered a good, convenient measure of monitoring the reliability of the measurement system, because by giving a specific numerical rating, it allows one to control the effectiveness of implemented improvement actions.