bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ongelmajuomisen ennuste
Authors: Poikolainen Kari
Published: December 2024

Vastoin perinteistä alkoholisyistä esiintyy alkoholin ongelmakäytössä elämänhistorian aikana paitsi enentymistä myös vähenemistä niin, että juominen ja siihen liittyvät ongelmat eivät välttämättä jatkuvasti pahene vuodesta toiseen. Alkoholisteista on yhden vuoden kuluttua hoidosta raittiita tai kohtuullisesti juovia eri tutkimusten mukaan keskimäärin noin yksi kolmasosa, kahden vuoden kuluttua vastaavasti noin 20 %. Ilman hoitoa parantuneiden alkoholistien osuudeksi on arvioitu kliinisissä tutkimuksissa 4-40 % ja diagnosoimattomien ongelmajuoppojen osuudeksi vastaavasti kriteereistä riippuen 11-71 %. Parantuneiden määrä on yleensä ollut sitä pienempi, mitä pidempi seuranta-aika. Hoidotta parantuminen voi johtua korvaavasta addiktiosta, sairauksista, sosiaalisesta kontrollista, parantuneista ihmissuhteista, AA:sta tai muusta "itsehoidosta", uskonnollisesta herätyksestä tai halusta välttää uhkaavia sosiaalisia tai terveydellisiä haittoja.
Reisiluun yläosan murtuman ilmaantuvuus Suomessa
Authors: Mattila Kari
Published: December 2024

Lääkintöhallituksen poistoilmoitusrekisteriin kertyi vuosina 1971–74 14 151 ilmoitusta reisiluun yläosan murtuman hoidosta. Ilmoituksista rakennettiin aineisto murtuman ilmaantuvuuden laskemiseksi. Ikävakioitu ilmaantuvuus oli 40,4 tapausta 100 000 asukasta kohden vuodessa. Murtuma oli tapausmäärittäin laskettuna 2,2 kertaa ja ikävakioidusta ilmaantuvuudesta laskettuna 1,3 kertaa yleisempi naisilla kuin miehillä. Lasketun ennusteen mukaan reisiluun yläosan murtuman tapausmäärät lähes kaksinkertaistuvat vuoteen 2010 mennessä.
Medikalisaation kahdet kasvot
Authors: Vuori Hannu
Published: December 2024

Medikalisaation käsitettä on käytetty kuvaamaan kahta toisiinsa liittyvää ilmiötä: toisaalta lääketieteen ylivallan ulottamista muille elämänalueille kuin sairauteen (erityisesti poikkeavaan käyttäytymiseen), toisaalta suoranaisen terveyden tai sairauden leiman löytäminen yhä useampiin ilmiöihin. Suhtautuminen medikalisaatioon on usein hyvin tunnepitoista. Toisaalta sitä on pidetty "lääketieteellisen mafian" tietoisena vallan tavoitteluna, toisaalta tieteen ja rationaalisen ajattelun voittona. Sen olemassaolo on myös yritetty kieltää.
Lähden tässä artikkelissa siitä, että medikalisaatio on kiistämätön tosiasia ja yritän jäljittää sen alkuperää. Tämä jäljitys johtaa kahteen paradoksiin: 1) medikalisaatio on osittain seurausta lääketieteen ja terveydenhuollon sosiaalisesti arvokkaimpina pidetyistä kehityssuuntauksista ja 2) jotkut medikalisaation vastalääkkeiksi tarkoitetut ilmiöt ja liikkeet voivat itse asiassa edistää sitä.
Ensimmäisen paradoksini todentamiseksi tarkastelen hippokrateelaisen perinteen, kansanterveysliikkeen ja sosiaalilääketieteen, lääketieteen sosiologian, systeemianalyysin ja kustannus-hyötyanalyysin sekä "oikeus terveyteen" -käsitteen merkitystä mahdollisina medikalisaation edistäjinä. Toisen paradoksin yhteydessä tarkastelen itsehoitoa ja terveysintoilua.
Guide e-book on developing Android-based smart key: A learning media for the application of electronic circuits in higher education
Authors: Yuberti Yuberti , Komikesari Happy , Yusandika Ajo Dian , Wibowo Firmanul Catur , Diansah Irani
Published: December 2024

This study examines the feasibility and effectiveness of an Android-based smart key guide e-book as a learning medium for applying electronic circuits. Using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), the research involved physics education students from three universities in Lampung Province, with evaluations conducted by material and media experts. Data were collected through questionnaires and documentation. Validation results indicate high feasibility, with scores of 81.75% from material experts and 86% from media experts, as well as positive responses from students in small-scale trials (88.69%) and large-scale trials (86%). Thus, the developed e-book is deemed suitable as a learning medium for electronic circuit applications learning. These findings have implications for enhancing students' practical understanding, supporting self-directed learning, and creating more engaging education in sensor and transducer topics electronic circuits application.
Reimagining the Fictional Spinster: A Critical Reading of Barbara Pym’s Some Tame Gazelle
Authors: Baruah Dr. Jushna
Published: December 2024

In fiction, spinsters have always remained at the periphery of the narrative framework. Their presence in central and engaging roles has been marked by an invisibility. Even as secondary figures, their characterisation has been reduced to a set of demeaning stereotypes. A range of negative traits like lonely and miserable, frumpy and frustrated, manipulative and scheming have accompanied them. The fiction of 20th century novelist Barbara Pym is remarkable for bringing these sidelined characters to the narrative forefront and delving deep into the unexplored realms of their lived realities. The present paper seeks to examine the representation of the spinster in the novels of Barabara Pym with reference to her maiden novel Some Tame Gazelle published in 1950. The narrative plot remains focussed on the lives of the Bede sisters-Harriet and Belinda and the course of their humdrum lives. Within this framework, the paper examines how the characters negotiate the multiple issues of love and marriage, heartbreaks and acceptance, social engagement and inner conflicts, body image consciousness etc. Through a textual analysis of the narrative plot, driven by microscopic investigation of their lives, the paper tries to understand whether Pym reinforces, subverts or reinvents stereotypes attached to the conventional depiction of spinsters. In the ultimate analysis, it transpires that contrary to societal perception, the lives of the spinster have its own worth and rewards.
CONSTRUCTING WORK ETHICS AND GENERAL HUMAN ETHICS PARADIGM IN INDONESIA
Authors: Muhammad Gunawan Wibisono  , Sundjoto  , Sri Rahayu  , Muhammad Andri Radiany  , Purwanto  , Anita Kartika Sari  , Rika Yuliastanti
Published: December 2024

This research explores the significance of work ethics and general human ethics in the context of employee development within the corporate industry. Through an extensive review of literature encompassing 140 research findings, the study emphasizes the crucial role of employee development in enhancing human resource quality and company productivity. The research identifies key factors contributing to effective employee development, including the identification of employee needs and potentials, provision of training and coaching, utilization of technology, provision of constructive feedback, and regular evaluations. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of adapting development programs to meet the specific needs of employees and their work environments. It highlights the pivotal role of managers and supervisors in providing support and guidance to employees throughout the development process. Additionally, the research emphasizes the significance of evaluating the effectiveness of employee development programs to ensure continual improvement and success. By integrating these findings into corporate practices, companies can design and implement more effective employee development initiatives tailored to their workforce. This, in turn, will lead to improved employee performance, strengthened competencies, and ultimately, enhanced company growth and sustainability.
 
Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by Jurnal Bisnis Terapan. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons. Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
RANCANGAN DAN PENERAPAN MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM @PITEK_NDESO SEBAGAI MEDIA PROMOSI PADA PITEK NDESO CATERING TUBAN
Authors: Ghefira Nurfadhila
Published: December 2024

In this digital era, technology and information have become an integral part of Indonesian life. This opens up new opportunities for businesses, including culinary businesses, to carry out effective and efficient promotional strategies. One example is Pitek Ndeso Catering in Tuban, which utilizes Instagram social media to reach consumers widely. Pitek Ndeso uses various Instagram features such as feeds, stories, and highlights to promote its products.  However, the Instagram feed design used by Pitek Ndeso is not yet able to support Pitek Ndeso's brand promotion activities online. The purpose of this research is to design digital promotional media in the form of Instagram feeds and stories to increase brand awareness of Pitek Ndeso Catering. The research method used is qualitative using the Marketing 5.0 approach. in the design process, it is carried out through three stages of visualization, namely, sketching, editing, and final design. The results of this research are in the form of 12 Instagram feed designs, 5 Instagram stories and insight data after implementing a content design strategy. The content used in the design includes product content, interesting facts, minigames, and filler content.
 
Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by Jurnal Bisnis Terapan. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons. Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
FACEBOOK: REVOLUSI KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN ONLINE IBU-IBU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN KELUARGA
Authors: Suprajang Sandi Eka , Murdinar Hardining Estu , Latifah Nunuk
Published: December 2024

This research examines how the social media platform Facebook has revolutionised online marketing communications, particularly for stay-at-home mothers. Facebook offers various features such as Facebook Page, Facebook Group, and Facebook Marketplace that help mums start and grow businesses from home. Through qualitative methods with in-depth interviews and case studies, this research explores the impact of using Facebook on increasing family income. The findings show that Facebook Page helps in building brand awareness, Facebook Group provides a community of support and collaboration opportunities, while Facebook Marketplace facilitates easy and fast buying and selling transactions. Although there are challenges such as fierce competition and maintaining service quality, mothers can overcome them with the right strategies. In conclusion, Facebook plays an important role in the economic empowerment of housewives, enabling them to contribute to the family income significantly.
 
Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by Jurnal Bisnis Terapan. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons. Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Exploring professional identity as a theoretical lens for researching multilingual mathematics teachers in multilingual mathematics contexts
Authors: Dafnopoulou Danai
Published: December 2024

This theoretical paper explores how the notion of teachers’ identities is defined and operationalised under multiple theoretical approaches, particularly in studies on language diversity. To explore this, the notion of teachers’ professional identity is first discussed as dealt with in mathematics education studies and other educational fields, addressing the related concepts considered essential to identity. Next, the paper outlines how these concepts become operational in specific examples of empirical studies in education and mathematics education. Based on this overview, new directions are proposed in researching teachers’ identities for addressing issues of language diversity in mathematics education.
El lenguaje probabilístico de profesores de Educación Infantil en formación
Authors: Vera Osmar , Batanero Carmen
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el lenguaje del azar y la graduación cualitativa de probabilidades de 132 profesores de Educación Infantil en formación. Para ello se analizan sus respuestas a un cuestionario con ítems tomados de investigaciones previas con estudiantes de secundaria. Aunque los resultados obtenidos son mejores que los de dichas investigaciones, parte de la muestra no fue capaz de dar sinónimos correctos de algunos términos probabilísticos, tuvieron dificultad con las expresiones “imposible” y “50% de probabilidad” y realizaron valoraciones inadecuadas de la probabilidad en la previsión del tiempo.
Review: Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Sebagai Sistem Penghantaran Obat Rute Oral
Authors: Abdullah Astriani , Sopyan Iyan
Published: December 2024

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) adalah sistem penghantaran obat yang telah banyak digunakan dalam pengembangan formulasi obat oral. NLCs memanfaatkan matriks lipid padat dan cair yang meningkatkan kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas obat, serta memungkinkan pelepasan obat secara terkendali. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau efektivitas NLCs dalam meningkatkan penyerapan obat BCS kelas II, III, dan IV melalui rute oral. Metode yang digunakan adalah peninjauan literatur dengan menganalisis berbagai studi yang mengevaluasi penggunaan NLCs dalam formulasi obat rute oral. Hasil studi literatur menunjukkan  bahwa NLCs memiliki stabilitas yang tinggi di lingkungan asam lambung sehingga meningkatkan ketahanan obat terhadap degradasi dan mengoptimalkan penghantaran obat ke usus. Selain itu, NLCs mampu menargetkan lokasi tertentu dalam saluran pencernaan, meningkatkan efisiensi terapi, serta mengurangi risiko efek samping sistemik. Oleh karena itu, NLCs memiliki potensi besar untuk meningkatkan efektivitas terapeutik dan optimasi dosis obat dalam formulasi obat oral pada kelas II, III, dan IV.
Formulasi dan Uji Sediaan Patch Ekstrak Daun Pacar Air (Impatiens Balsamina L) sebagai Antibakteri Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium Acnes Penyebab Jerawat
Authors: Kristianti Leonita Wahyu , Hidayati Evi Nurul , Santoso Joko
Published: December 2024

Jerawat adalah penyakit kulit inflamasi yang terjadi akibat penyumbatan kelenjarpolisebasea dan peradangan yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Propionibacterium acnes.Prevalensi penderita jerawat di Indonesia berkisar antara 80-85%, dengan puncakkejadian pada usia 15-18 tahun dan 12% pada wanita berusia >25 tahun. Tanamanpacar air (Impatiens balsamina l) memiliki kandungan senyawa kuersetin yangmerupakan turunan senyawa flavonoid yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri,tanaman ini diformulasikan sebagai sediaan patch. Tujuan penelitian ini untukmengetahui mutu fisik dan aktivitas antibakteri sediaan patch ekstrak daun pacar air(Impatiens balsamina l). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metodeeksperimental dengan desain true experimental design yaitu posttest only control group.Hasil penelitian kelompok uji antibakteri terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnesterdiri dari FI (20%) rata-rata zona hambat yaitu 14,8 mm (kuat); uji mutu fisik patchberbentuk solid, berwarna hijau kecoklatan dan memiliki bau yang khas, keseragamanbobot 0,0462, susut pengeringan 9,20%, ketebalan 0,53, ketahanan lipatan (>200), danpH 6,0. FII (25%) memiliki zona hambat 17,8 mm (kuat), berbentuk solid, berwarnahijau kecoklatan dan memiliki bau yang khas, keseragaman bobot 0,0463, susutpengeringan 9,21%, ketebalan 0,54, ketahanan lipatan (>200), dan pH 5,2. FIII (30%)zona hambat 20,68 mm (kuat) berbentuk solid, berwarna hijau kecoklatan dan memilikibau yang khas, keseragaman bobot 0,0465, susut pengeringan 9,22%, ketebalan 0,58,ketahanan lipatan (>200), dan pH 5,6. K(-) basis patch dan K(+) patch oxy memilikizona hambat 0 mm (lemah) dan 31,02 mm (sangat kuat) berturut-turut. FIII (30%)memiliki aktivitas antibakteri paling optimum dan mutu fisik yang baik.
Resignation: Expressive Semantic Evolution of a Borrowing and a Precedent Name
Authors: Sharavin A. V. , Voronichev O. E. , Startseva I. L.
Published: December 2024

This article explores the narrowly used borrowing from French, résignation (with Russian graphic variants rezinyatsiya and rezignatsiya), which paradoxically combines features of exoticism, neologism, and archaism in contemporary Russian. The evolution of this lexeme, denoting a particular psychological state, is traced on Russian soil — from its introduction into the Russian in the late 18th century via German transit, spurred by the popularity of Schiller’s eponymous elegy among the progressive Russian intelligentsia, to its attainment of the status of a precedent name and its additional semantic nuances and connotations in the works of I. S. Turgenev and other domestic writers. The article analyzes possible reasons for the decline of this lexeme, which failed to enter active usage and instead receded into passive vocabulary: the lack of a uniform Cyrillic spelling variant, the absence of a productive word formation family, an aura of elitism, and associative links to roots in Russian words such as rezat’ (to cut) and rezkiy (sharp), resulting in a phonetic disadvantage compared to Russian synonyms like pokornost’ (submission) and smireniye (humility).
Russian Neologisms with Social Semantics: Features of Identification and Principles of Lexicography
Authors: Shchetinina A. V.
Published: December 2024

The study examines neological processes in the Russian language based on the utilization of its own resources. The novelty of the research lies in the typologization of this type of new Russian vocabulary within the thematic group “Society”. The material for the study consists of words and phraseologisms with institutional social semantics, which are included in the first volume of the new “Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Neologisms”, one of the compilers of which is the author of the article. A semantic characterization of new Russian words and phraseologisms is provided. It is noted that social semantics was identified both in the assertive part of the semanteme and on the near periphery, as well as in pragmatic presumption. The inclusion of words with not only Russian roots and affixes (the first part of the dictionary) but also with foreign roots and Russian affixes (the second part) is justified. It is indicated that the latter constitute a significant portion of the neologisms. Examples are given for describing different types of neological linguistic units. A fragment of the ideographic reconstruction of the lexical stock of Russian neologisms described in the first part of the dictionary is presented. The stylistic affiliation of the linguistic units included in the dictionary is analyzed. The conclusion is drawn about the stylistic blending when using neologisms in different types of discourse.
“Queen of Spades” and “Petty Demon”: Pushkinian Allusions and Their Functions in F. Sologub’s Novel
Authors: Kikhney L. G. , Krichevsky G. A.
Published: December 2024

The problems of the undertaken research are associated with the uncertainty of the semantic mechanisms of intertextual interaction between Sologub’s novel “The Petty Demon” and Pushkin’s story “The Queen of Spades”. In the research literature, particular overlaps between these works have been noted, but the systemic semantic connection between these two texts has not yet been identified, which determines the relevance of the article. The hypothesis of the work is that Pushkin’s “Queen of Spades” serves as a structural prototype for Sologub’s novel “The Petty Demon.” This structural prototype collects individual reminiscent elements of Sologub’s text into a single semantic plot-organized unit. The purpose of the study is to identify the constructive elements of this prototype in Sologub’s novel using the method of semantic comparative analysis. As a result, it was proved that Sologub uses the key semantic blocks of Pushkin’s “Queen of Spades”, while in the recipient text these blocks include both themes and motives and images. Significant elements include: the theme of cards, the motive of card addiction, the motive of madness, the motive of pragmatic marriage, “double” infernal female images. It is shown that the specificity of the implementation of this narrative structure in Sologub’s text is associated with the inversion of pathos: Pushkin's ironic pathos is transformed into burlesquetragic, and tragic connotations are embedded in the paradigm of the comic. All this allows us to conclude that the grotesque-parody function is the key for the intertextual dialogue between Sologub and Pushkin.
Appeal to Components of Prototypical Emotional Situations as a Translation Strategy for Expressions with Emotional Predicates
Authors: Ioanesyan E. R.
Published: December 2024

This article falls within the field of translation studies. The focus of the research is on literary texts that describe sensations, emotions, movements, behaviors, and actions of individuals. The study investigates translations from Russian into other languages as well as translations of foreign texts into Russian. Materials from the Russian National Corpus were utilized for this purpose. A substantial corpus of literary texts in English, Spanish, German, Portuguese, and French was analyzed. The findings indicate that one of the translation strategies for expressions with the specified predicates involves appealing to the components of prototypical situations of these emotions. It was revealed that one distinctive feature of expressions in English, German, Spanish, Portuguese, and French—particularly in contrast to Russian expressions — is the tendency to specify the organ involved in a movement, action, or sensation. Another notable characteristic of expressions in foreign languages is the tendency to refer not to the organ itself but to a part of the organ involved in the described process; for example, using “pupil” instead of “eye.”
Excess of Sensuality: Poetics of Grotesque in Plays of Nina Sadur
Authors: Yu Xiang
Published: December 2024

This article explores the poetics of the grotesque in the works of Nina Sadur, focusing on her dramatic collections “Chudnaya Baba” [Strange Woman] and “Obmorok” [Fainting], alongside a series of interviews and her writings on creativity. It is noted that the poetics of the grotesque aligns with the writer’s creative objective — stimulating individual sensuality and enhancing the aesthetic capacity to perceive the world and life through dramatic art. The analysis delves into rich grotesque imagery that disrupts cognitive inertia and reveals the hidden existence of multiple worlds. The symbolic functions of the human body are examined, as well as characters exhibiting psychological anomalies and their associated peculiar actions, which serve as methods for constructing their own ritual-mythological chronotope and generating a grotesque tragicomic effect through the symbiosis and blending of two theatrical chronotopes. It is demonstrated that Nina Sadur, through her unique artistic poetics that diverge from rationality and scientific discourse, creates a mystical realm within the theater that exists outside the present world, expressing an alternative, enigmatic psychological truth. These poetic moments encapsulate the mystical dualistic experiences of the grotesque aesthetics present in Sadur’s plays. The author concludes that the poetics of the grotesque is rooted in the clash between Nina Sadur’s primal instincts and the reality of her life, reflecting a creative aspiration to restore and elevate individual sensuality.
Social Structure of Murghab Sovereign’s Estate (1889—1912): Plans and Reality
Authors: Vasilyev D. V.
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the relationship between the economic development of the Murghab Sovereign’s Estate, established in 1897, and its social structure. The primary sources of this article are reports from the Bayramali Police Administration and accompanying statistical data from the years 1909 to 1912. Inductive analysis and synthesis of the factual data demonstrate that the capitalist relations emerging within the economy of the Murghab Estate had a significant direct impact on its social structure and the sociocultural everyday life of its inhabitants. It is noted that these natural capitalist tendencies were regulated by the Estate Administration in accordance with their objectives. With access to substantial irrigated lands, the Administration altered the conditions of land leasing, transitioning towards long-term leases with smallholder producers while reducing the proportion of tenants employing laborers. These smallholder tenants were intended to form the backbone of the estate’s social structure. Concurrently, the rules governing rental payments were modified, rendering them inconvenient for larger tenants. The infrastructure being developed within the estate was aligned with the needs of its population and the objectives set forth for the estate.
Soviet Military Assistance to Egypt During Early Presidency of Anwar Sadat (September 1970 —  October 1973)
Authors: Kuzmin V. A. , Abdalla M. M. E.
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes the military-technical cooperation between the USSR and Egypt in the early 1970s. Central to this study is the political interaction between the two nations, as well as the challenges faced by Cairo and Moscow following Anwar Sadat’s rise to power. Particular attention is given to the factors that hindered the maintenance of a high level of Soviet military aid to Egypt during the period from 1971 to 1973. The research focuses on the political intentions of the leadership in both countries, with special emphasis on the bilateral relationship crisis in 1972. The study examines the impact of this crisis on the rearmament process of the Egyptian army and analyzes the strategies employed to secure necessary armaments for Egypt, culminating in President Sadat’s decision to initiate war with Israel in October 1973. The novelty of this research lies in its analysis of materials from Russian archives and memoirs of Egyptian political and military figures in Arabic. The relevance of this study is underscored by its demonstration of the complexities of the political processes occurring in Egypt that influenced the nature and level of SovietEgyptian relations, particularly in the realm of military-technical cooperation during 1970–1973.
Evolution of India-Nepal Relations from 2014 to 2024
Authors: Novinskii E. E.
Published: December 2024

This article examines the bilateral relations between India and Nepal, which hold a unique status. On one hand, India perceives the mountainous nation not only as a culturally and civilizationally close neighbor but also as a vulnerable link in its security framework. On the other hand, Nepal endeavors to pursue a policy of balancing, striving to prevent the excessive strengthening of either neighbor’s influence within its borders. The study demonstrates that during the specified period, India has intensified its South Asian foreign policy under the “Neighborhood First” strategy. This has led to a significant increase in political contacts and a robust growth in economic interactions. However, it is revealed that frequent crises in relations, India's exertion of pressure, and the anti-Indian rhetoric of certain Nepali leaders have detrimental effects on the positive perception of bilateral ties within society. It is established that the Madhesi communities residing along the southern stretch of the India-Nepal border — most closely associated with India — are the most adversely affected by these dynamics. Furthermore, the article underscores the critical role of the Chinese factor in the evolution of bilateral relations, as China consistently strengthens its foothold in Nepal (and across South Asia). The analysis also illustrates how India responds to Beijing’s initiatives in the Himalayan state.
Material Incentives for Innovation and Rationalization in Soviet Enterprises during 1960s to 1980s
Authors: Pinaeva D. A. , Salakhutdinova E. R.
Published: December 2024

This article addresses the issues of funding innovative activities in the USSR during the second half of the 20th century. It argues that an effective mechanism for material incentives for innovation was never established in the Soviet Union. The study demonstrates that the resources allocated for the development of invention and rationalization were used ineffectively by both ministries and agencies, as well as by public organizations. In the context of a planned economy, achieving an optimal balance of interests among stakeholders in the process of creating and utilizing inventions was virtually unattainable. Through specific examples and statistical data, it is shown that innovators gradually shifted their efforts from developing and implementing major inventions and rationalization proposals to minor improvements that could be easily adopted by enterprises, reflected in statistical reports, and for which they received modest but stable rewards. It was found that payments intended to expedite the creation and dissemination of innovations became arbitrary disbursements to managerial staff and administrative employees, who often had no direct involvement with the innovations produced. The conclusion drawn is that the funding mechanism for innovative activity in the USSR did not foster a sustainable motivation for effective inventive and rationalization efforts.
Justices of Peace in Russian Empire as an Alternative to Formal Judicial Proceedings: 1775–1866
Authors: Podlesnykh S. N.
Published: December 2024

This article examines the establishment and functioning of the Justices of the Peace in the Russian Empire, initiated by Catherine II in 1775 and fully abolished in 1866. Utilizing a structural analysis method, the study investigates the judicial processes within these courts from 1775 to 1866. A formal-logical approach is employed to analyze the existing legislation of the Russian Empire concerning the jurisdiction of the Justices of the Peace. The research draws on administrative documents from the State Archive of Voronezh Oblast and legislative acts from the late 18th to mid-19th centuries. The novelty of this study lies in its perspective of viewing the Justices of the Peace as an alternative to formal judicial proceedings, which were primarily based on inquisitorial principles as an ideal type of legal process, alongside theories of formal evidence, where judicial decisions were made without regard for the internal convictions of the judge. The author concludes that the judicial process of the Justices of the Peace was primarily aimed at protecting private interests, with the nature of this alternative to formal proceedings varying depending on whether the case was criminal or civil.
Violations of Forestry Legislation and Their Enforcement in Mining Ural Region during 1870s to Early 1890s
Authors: Pukhov D. Yu.
Published: December 2024

This study examines the dynamics, social dimensions, causes, and characteristics of illegal activities within the forestry sector of the Mining Ural region from the 1870s to the early 1890s, focusing on data from the Perm Province. The analysis reveals a high incidence of crimes related to the theft and damage of timber resources, supported by identified statistical data. It is shown that the increasing trend of such offenses prompted a tightening of state law enforcement policies during the reign of Alexander III. Notably, the most serious crimes in the forestry sector, which fell under the jurisdiction of general judicial institutions — such as mass resistance against forest guards and armed threats to officials of the mining and forestry agency—were relatively rare. This study provides a novel analysis of the class, gender, and age structure of individuals convicted for violations of state forest regulations. At the micro level, it highlights the realities of forestry crime and its suppression in the Ural region. Based on materials from periodicals, administrative records, and judicial investigation documents, it concludes that the prevalence of timber theft in the Mining Ural region stemmed from unresolved issues in state regulation of forestry relations and other problems, including unemployment, poverty, and inaccessibility to essential resources. The author argues that a significant portion of forestry law violations in the Ural region during the late 19th century can be characterized as social crime.
Celebrating Anniversaries of Petrograd (Leningrad) University from 1918 to 1944
Authors: Rostovtsev E. A. , Abdulina B. M.
Published: December 2024

This article situates itself within two rapidly evolving historiographical fields: the history of universities and the study of historical memory. It investigates the practices surrounding the celebration of anniversaries and milestones at Petrograd (Leningrad) University during the early Soviet period. Utilizing a range of sources, including press materials, ego-documents, and administrative records related to the preparation for these anniversary celebrations—specifically those in 1919, 1929, 1939, and 1944—the study reveals how the scenarios and nature of these commemorative events evolved under the influence of state memory policies. Over time, these anniversaries transformed into yet another celebration on the “red calendar” for faculty and students alike. The article also explores how the university leveraged these jubilee festivities for corporate purposes. The authors conclude that university administrators and faculty successfully used these anniversaries as opportunities to draw governmental attention to pressing issues facing higher education. Furthermore, the paper addresses the impact of jubilee traditions on the historiography of the university itself, demonstrating that by the late 1930s and early 1940s, a new “Soviet” perspective on the history of Saint Petersburg (Petrograd, Leningrad) University emerged during these celebrations, laying the groundwork for future research in this area.
German Collective Farms in Leningrad Region during Mid-1930s: Insights from District Newspapers
Authors: Shaidurov V. N. , Lomanov V. A.
Published: December 2024

This study explores the representation of German collective farms in the district’s Russianlanguage periodical press during the mid- 1930s. The primary source for this analysis is the newspaper “Socialistichesky Prigorod” [Socialist Suburb], published in the Leningrad Suburban District. It has been determined that most newspaper articles characterize German collective farms as exemplary agricultural organizations that underwent a significant transformation—from systematic lagging behind to achieving advanced economic positions within the district. The initial backwardness of these collective farms was attributed by the press to deliberate sabotage by “classalien elements,” which, according to the authors of the articles, hindered the development of national collective farms and their ability to meet planned production targets. Furthermore, the economic successes of the German collective farms were linked to the focused efforts of the German poor and Soviet-party organs aimed at purging the collectives of “kulaks,” alongside the enthusiasm of individual German peasants. It is noted that, in conjunction with other types of sources, the district periodical press provides a comprehensive and holistic picture of the socio-economic modernization of the German countryside in the 1930s.
Landscape Sketches in Memoir Prose of 20th Century Russian Monasticism
Authors: Smolina A. N. , Kudryavtseva E. A.
Published: December 2024

This study explores the role of landscape sketches in the memoir prose of 20th-century Russian monasticism, focusing on the spiritual recollections of Archbishop Nikon (Rozhdestvensky). It identifies the distinctive ideological and thematic content, imagery organization, stylistic features, and intentionality behind these landscape portrayals within monastic literary works. The analysis reveals that the primary themes conveyed through these sketches center around love for God and one’s neighbors, the action of Divine Providence, and faith in God. Key motifs include nature, beauty, childhood, joy, and happiness, with significant imagery associated with churches, monasteries, and monastic lands. The study posits that the main intention of these landscape sketches is self-reflective, manifesting in two primary vectors: (1) contemplation on the relationship between nature, its states, and human emotions; (2) reflections on the Divine essence present in nature. Furthermore, it examines the rhetorical features of landscape sketches in these memoirs, highlighting the use of religious terminology (specifically Orthodox lexicon with spiritual and moral connotations), epithets, metaphors, enumerations, and names of weather phenomena and flora. The findings conclude that the significant functions of religious landscape sketches are both meaning-making and representational.
Discourse of Self-Presentation in Academic Communicative Space
Authors: Vikulova L. G. , Korolenko O. I. , Tkachenko Yu. G.
Published: December 2024

This article examines the genre of the welcoming speech — elogioum — established within the speech practices of the French Academy as a discursive community. The empirical material selected for this study is the text of Barbara Cassin’s eulogistic speech for Philippe Bossan. A discursive-analytical approach to the research allows for the identification of the communicative structure and genre classification of the text, as well as an exploration of the conceptual strategies employed in Cassin’s public address, which is analyzed as a form of self-presentation within the context of her election to the French Academy. At the level of meanings conveyed by the speaker, intersections among various discourses are revealed, including philosophical, musical, political, philological, historical, migratory, familial, and mythological discourses, each marked by recognizable linguistic markers that indicate the interdiscursive nature of the speech. It is established that the perlocutionary effect of the elogioum manifests in the political orientation of Cassin’s discourse, which calls for changes in Europe’s language and migration policies. The research employs interpretive, conceptual methods along with elements of quantitative analysis.
Effect of Different Heat-Treated Ultrafiltration (UF) Retentates with Altered Protein-to-Fat Ratios on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of UF White Cheese
Authors: Demiral Mustafa , Ergin Firuze , Küçükçetin Ahmet
Published: December 2024

In this study, ultrafiltration (UF) white cheese samples were manufactured using UF retentate, which had been heat-treated at different temperatures (75°C and 85°C for 15 s) and had altered ratios of protein-to-fat (P/F) (0.8, 0.7, and 0.6). The physicochemical and sensory properties of UF white cheeses during storage (90 days) were determined. White cheese manufactured from UF retentate with a P/F ratio of 0.6 had higher fat and lower protein contents than those with the P/F ratios of 0.7 and 0.8. Treatment temperature significantly influenced the pH and titratable acidity values of UF white cheeses. The highest hardness and chewiness values and the lowest adhesiveness values were determined in UF white cheese with P/F ratios of 0.8 and heat-treated at 85°C. During storage, the L*, a*, b*, and ΔE* values of white cheeses varied between 94.51 and 98.34, -0.77 and -0.06, 7.78 and 10.13, and 10.61 and 13.00, respectively. The use of high-fat-content ultrafiltered retentate subjected to high temperatures in the manufacture of white cheeses had a positive effect on overall acceptability scores.
An application of screw theory to the jerk analysis of the PUMA robot
Authors: Gallardo-Alvarado Jaime , Tinajero-Campos Jesus H.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the theory of screws is applied to the jerk analysis of the PUMA robot, one of the most popular serial manipulators in history. The higher order kinematic analyses of robot manipulators, such as the acceleration and the jerk, become relevant in improving, among other issues, the performance of robotic manipulators ameliorating the generation of impulsive forces, optimizing the path planning trajectory, reducing the noise, or making it possible to generate smooth trajectories. Numerical applications are provided with the aim to exemplify the versatility of the method of kinematic analysis employed in the contribution. As a consideration for non-experts in the subject, the contribution includes a brief review of the screw theory and its relationship with Plücker coordinates.
Microlearning as an Effective Way to Manage Students’ Attention in a Foreign Language Lesson
Authors: Lykova K. V.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the application of microlearning as a teaching method that enhances the effectiveness of foreign language education. With the increasing demand for innovative approaches in language teaching, driven by the digitalisation and technologisation of education and society, it is important to understand how microlearning impacts the cognitive functions of students: attention, concentration, and memory. The purpose of the research is to analyse microlearning from the perspective of how its application affects these cognitive mechanisms and how it can be effectively incorporated into foreign language lessons to improve overall student performance and formulate a knowledgeable approach to the learning process. To achieve this, a systematic and traditional descriptive literature review followed by qualitative data analysis was used. The research materials encompass scientific and methodological articles from periodicals, accompanied by methodological manuals and manuscripts by Russian and foreign authors. Theoretical and empirical scientific research published in Scopus peer-reviewed publications was also utilised to supplement the research. The outcome of this exploration demonstrates that microlearning generates heightened attentiveness in students when engaging in predefined learning tasks. Consistent integration of the method into foreign language lessons strengthens students’ aptitude to transition into a state of enhanced focus. The analysis verifies the effectiveness of microlearning as a supplemental strategy when integrated into existing curricula and employed in conjunction with conventional foreign language teaching methods, such as communicative methodology and lexical approach, among others. The findings carry particular methodical importance for teachers, augmenting the theoretical base of microlearning research within the context of foreign language education.
Rishi Sunak vs Keir Starmer: Cartoon Representation in the Context of the 2024 General Election
Authors: Dymova A. V. , Kareva V. Yu. , Zolotaiko A. I.
Published: December 2024

This research is devoted to the images of personalities in the modern world political arena from the point of view of linguistic analysis. The purpose of the article is to identify the specific representation features of the dramatic results of the parliamentary elections in Great Britain in the news Internet discourse at the non-verbal level of the text. The study is conducted through cognitive discourse analysis of images and metaphors based on creolized texts. The selected cartoons are attributed to two stretches of time as regards their release dates: the anticipation of the 2024 UK General election and on the date of election (July 4, 2024) or within a month afterwards. The caricatures were classified according to who was featured: Rishi Sunak alone, Keir Starmer alone, or both of them contrasted. The results of the research were obtained by means of a complex 7-step analysis. It is concluded that it is the combination of images / motifs incorporated within one cartoon that might make it especially powerful at leaving its imprint on the target reader. Regardless of the tactics applied by the cartoon authors to formulate the connotative vectors in the sample, one may see that each image / motif is supported by two prominent means. That is metaphorical transference that alters the cartoon space, action or appearance of the politicians so as to converge two differing phenomena of reality and characterise one through another. Allusions to events or previously made utterances are another basis for the sampled cartoons. The essential point that stems from the conducted research is that the English-language cartoons of Rishi Sunak are harsher than the ones of his opponent and concurrently the winner of the election. Although many of them appeal to negative connotations, some still represent Keir Starmer neutrally (e.g. a cleaner) or even positively (e.g. a winner of a sports competition). The inclusion of allusive elements is particularly characteristic of the cartoons representing Keir Starmer.
Modal Categories of the Portuguese Grammar in the Mirror of Logical Analysis - I
Authors: Ivanov N. V.
Published: December 2024

This publication is the first part of the paper dedicated to the aspects of the logical analysis of the forms of grammatical modality in the Portuguese language. It takes into consideration the general nature of the modality. A difference between speech modality and linguistic modality is drawn. The grammatical modality includes those forms of it that are fixed in the morphology of the word. Forms of nominative modality (for nouns) and forms of predicative (verbal) modality are distinguished. The types of nominative modality are differentiated on the basis of the article. The types of predicative modality are represented by moods of the verb. Functionally, modality does not participate in the semantic representation, does not carry a denotative function, but at the same time it is a tool for controlling the logical form of the thought. The article controls the form of the concept (notion); the mood controls the form of judgment (proposition). Some Portuguese examples are given to demonstrate the logical function of the article accompanying the noun in speech accentuating the inner opposition between extensional and intensional features of substantive meaning. The verbal mood regulates the truth function of the sentence. The truth function of a sentence in Portuguese is marked by the forms of four verbal moods, which are characterized as follows: absolutely true (Modo Indicativo), absolutely untrue (Modo Imperativo), conditionally true (Modo Conditional) and conditionally untrue (Modo Conjuntivo/Subjuntivo). The truth function of a sentence depends on the logical correlation of the sentence with the surrounding sentences. On this basis, the paper introduces the concept of modal taxis. The modal taxis is seen as parallel to the temporal taxis. The temporal taxis means a contextual coordination between the sentences based on the semantic of tenses. In the modal taxis the verb takes a modal form according to its logical relation with other sentence. The independent and dependent types of modal taxis are distinguished; forms of modal coordination in each of the types of modal taxis are investigated. The article may be of interest to specialists in the field of general linguistics, theoretical grammar, Romance linguistics and Portuguese studies.
A little-known source about the initial stage of Mongol penetration into Crimean Gothia
Authors:   Sevastopol State University. Universitetskaya St., 33, Sevastopol, 299053, Russian Federation, Kuzenkov Pavel V. , Mogarichev Yurii М. ,   Institute of Archaeology of Crimea of Russian Academy of Sciences. Academician Vernadsky Ave., 2, Simferopol, 295007, Crimea, Russian Federation; Professor, Head of the Department, Crimean Republican Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education; Lenin Str., 15, Simferopol, 295000, Crimea, Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

Most of the sources, telling about the initial stage of Mongol penetration into the Crimean Peninsula, belong to a later time (after the 14th century). Reports relating to the 20th-40th years of the 13thcentury are unique and therefore especially valuable. Among them, was almost unnoticed the testimony of the papal ambassadors Giovanni da Pian del Carpini and Benedict of Poland, who traveled to Mongolia in 1245–1247, about the Saxons, whose country was located south of the Cuman steppe. The first author reports on the successful defense of the city of Saxons from the Mongol siege, and the second directly identifies these people with the Goths. This gives grounds to associate these reports with one of the early Mongol campaigns against the Crimean Gothic (in 1222/23 or 1238/39). In this regard, the information of the authors of the 16th century (Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, G. Torquatus), who compared the language of the Crimean Goths specifically with the Saxon (Low German) dialect of the German language, is of the value.