bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DO CARVÃO PARA CONSUMO DOMÉSTICO DE QUATRO MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Ferla , Bavaresco Aline , Pessuti Carlos Alexandre Alves , Miyashiro Carolina Sayury , Frank Juliano
Published: July 2016

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se verificar a origem, o teor de umidade, teor de carbono fixo, teor de materiais voláteis, teor de cinzas e o poder calorífico superior de diferentes marcas de carvões vegetais comercializadas e comparar com os padrões exigidos pelo Selo Premium – SP. As análises foram realizadas com oito amostras de carvão vegetal adquiridas em estabelecimentos comerciais nos municípios paranaenses de Palotina, Altônia, Toledo e Ouro Verde do Oeste. Quanto a origem, cinco são de carvões vegetais oriundos do Paraguai, as demais amostras têm origem no Estado do Paraná. Todas as amostras possuem registro no IBAMA e são de madeiras de reflorestamento ou exóticas. O teor de umidade determinado foi de 4,02 – 7,77%, o teor de carbono fixo de 53,94 - 81,06%, o teor de materiais voláteis de 14,53 – 40,70% e o teor de cinzas de 2,96 - 18,11% e o poder calorifico superior  de 22584,0 J/g - 31166,5 J/g. Os valores determinados são condizentes com aqueles encontrados na literatura no entanto, nenhuma marca cumpriria as exigências do Selo Premium totalmente.
Subprodutos Gerados na Produção de Bioetanol: Bagaço, Torta de Filtro, água de Lavagem e Palhagem¹
Authors: Bonassa Gabriela , Schneider Lara Talita , Frigo Késia D. A. , Feiden Armin , Teleken Joel Gustavo , Frigo Elisandro P.
Published: July 2016

A produção de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil é objetivada para atender as necessidades e metas ligadas à produção de etanol do mercado interno e externo. Os principais subprodutos gerados na indústria alcooleira são: Palhagem/Palhiça: Proveniente da matéria-prima; Água de lavagem: Usada excessivamente para o processamento industrial da cana-de-açúcar, a fim de retirar excessos de terra e infecções da cultura; Bagaço: Resíduo gerado na etapa de extração do caldo de cana; Vinhaça e torta de filtro: Resíduos de alto potencial poluidor, provenientes da destilação (para recuperação do álcool) e clarificação do mosto (para fermentação). O presente trabalho apresenta soluções que irão diminuir o impacto ambiental e a produzir novos produtos a partir destes resíduos.
The Fate of Cricket in the United States: Revisited
Authors: Kirsch George B.
Published: July 2016

Over the past few decades, journalists and cable television reporters have increased their coverage of efforts by immigrants from South Asian and Caribbean nations to re-establish cricket in the United States. Scholars have contrasted its stunning growth and popularity during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in British colonies in South Asia and the West Indies with its failure to become a mainstream sport in the United States. This essay examines recent scholarship on the global diffusion of cricket and its competition with baseball in the nineteenth century and evaluates the sport’s growth in the United States since 1990. It also assesses its future prospects in America and throughout the world—especially the impact of the new Twenty/20 version of the game.
A concepção de estudantes universitários acerca da vergonha: um estudo no campo da psicologia moral
Authors: De Lima Mayara Gama , De Alencar Heloisa Moulin
Published: July 2016

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o juízo moral de estudantes universitários acerca da vergonha. O instrumento utilizado foi uma entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado, baseada no método clínico proposto por Piaget, contendo questões relativas à concepção de vergonha e ao juízo moral deste sentimento. Os dados revelam que o juízo de valor moral da vergonha envolve conteúdos que a equivalem a um controle externo e a um controle interno, sendo encontradas com maior frequência as categorias juízo e/ou olhares alheios e autojuízo, respectivamente. Espera-se, assim, contribuir com a reflexão sobre a relação entre a vergonha e o universo moral de estudantes universitários, e com o estudo da vergonha e da afetividade na psicologia moral. 
Considerações sobre a imitação entre jovens e crianças cegas
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Rita Campello , Moraes Marcia Oliveira
Published: July 2016

O artigo investiga a imitação entre jovens e crianças cegas. A pesquisa foi realizada como um mosaico no tempo já que as considerações de campo foram extraídas de dois domínios: da experiência profissional com a estimulação precoce de bebês cegos e de dispositivo de intervenção com jovens cegos e com baixa visão, com idades entre 13 e 18 anos. Afirmando o caráter situado do conhecimento, a pesquisa indica que a imitação entre jovens cegos pode ser uma das vias de criação de um mundo comum entre cegos e videntes. A imitação entre jovens cegos é um processo que envolve múltiplas sensorialidades, exige experimentação do corpo e redunda numa transformação recíproca, tanto do cego quanto do vidente. O trabalho conclui com a indicação do caráter singular da imitação e, ao mesmo tempo, com a afirmação da sua pertinência ao processo de inclusão e desenvolvimento tanto da criança quanto do jovem cegos.
Síndrome depressiva: um estudo com pacientes e familiares no contexto da doença renal crônica
Authors: Costa Fabrycianne Gonçalves , Coutinho Maria da Penha De Lima
Published: July 2016

No contexto da doença renal crônica, uma comorbidade frequente é a depressão, que pode estar relacionada aos fatores adversos do meio social ou inerentes ao próprio tratamento. Neste estudo, objetivou-se mensurar a sintomatologia depressiva em pacientes renais crônicos e seus cuidadores/familiares e relacioná-la as variáveis biossociodemográficas. Participaram do estudo 50 pacientes e 50 familiares, que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e à Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão. Constatou-se um índice de 20% de sintomatologia depressiva nos pacientes, sendo o índice maior entre os pacientes solteiros (50%). Nos familiares, a prevalência dos sintomas depressivos foi de 46%, observando-se correlação positiva entre o tempo de cuidado e a depressão. A incidência de depressão encontrada entre os familiares de pacientes suscita a necessidade de atendimentos psicossociais a esse grupo, que por vezes é tratado como sub-prioritário e nem sempre são assistidos pelas políticas públicas de saúde.
Dependência emocional: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Bution Denise Catricala , Wechsler Amanda Muglia
Published: July 2016

A dependência emocional é um transtorno caracterizado por comportamentos aditivos em relacionamentos amorosos. Entretanto, ainda há debate se esta dependência seria considerada uma patologia, como denominá-la e quais sintomas a definiriam. Assim, o presente estudo visa realizar uma avaliação sistemática da literatura acerca do tema, revisando artigos anexados nas bases de dados Scielo, Portal de Periódico CAPES e Google Acadêmico, publicados entre 2000 e 2014. Após uma análise criteriosa, foram selecionados 20 estudos. Os resultados mostraram que a dependência emocional é definida como um transtorno aditivo, no qual o indivíduo necessita do outro para manter seu equilíbrio emocional. Sua etiologia está relacionada ao desenvolvimento do apego na infância, além de fatores culturais e filogenéticos. Os tratamentos indicados são: terapia individual, terapia grupal, grupos de apoio e livros de autoajuda. Algumas inconsistências entre os estudos são discutidas, apontando a necessidade de mais estudos na área a fim de elucidar estas questões.
Depression, Loneliness and Cognitive Distortion among Young Unwed Pregnant Women in Malaysia: Counseling Implications
Authors: Nasir Rohany , Ahmad Zamani Zainah , Khairudin Rozainee , Wan Sulaiman Wan Shahrazad , Mohd Sani Mohd Norahim , Amin Aizan Sofia
Published: July 2016

Inability to meet the demands and challenges resulting from the rapid social and economic growth bring about social and psychological problems among youths and their families. One of the problems that young women are facing now is unwed pregnancies. Unwed pregnancies bring about negative social and psychological effects. The objective of this quantitative study is to ascertain the relationships among depression, loneliness and cognitive distortion. Respondents for this study were 150 young unwed pregnant women whose age ranged between 14 and 29 years old who were placed in shelters for unwed pregnant women run by the Social Welfare Department and various non governmental agencies throughout Malaysia. Four research instruments were used namely: Information on the respondents’ background, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Reynolds Adolescents Depression Scale (RADS) and Cognitive Distortion Scale (CDS). Results of the study showed that there were positive significant correlations between depression and loneliness, depression and cognitive distortion and loneliness and cognitive distortion. This paper also discussed the implications of the research findings on counselling and psychotherapy for the unwed pregnant women. Counselling and psychotherapy should focus on giving strength and hope for the young women to rebuild their life.
Student Participation in the Governing Bodies of Spanish Universities
Authors: Llorent-Vaquero Mercedes
Published: July 2016

Spanish universities are making considerable democratic efforts in their various governing and administrative bodies. This article analyses the role that students play in these in aiding the development of a society where democratic values prevail. To achieve this, documentary analysis is used to explore the different laws and statutes of the universities in terms of student participation, as well as the methodology characteristic of Comparative Education. The first phase tackles the problem of student participation in Spanish universities. Following this, student participation in these bodies is analysed, observing differences and similarities taken from a sample of different Spanish universities. Based on the results obtained, student participation does not quite reach the levels desired. Once the problem is identified a series of proposals are made to increase the quantity and quality of this participation, most importantly increasing the relevance of the student sector in governing bodies, expediting and simplifying electoral processes, supporting the right to association by creating space and providing the necessary training for students to make full use of their rights. 
Relationship between Social Support, Time Perspective and Suicide Ideations in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ariapooran Saeed , Rajabi Masuod , Goodarzi Amirhosein
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are at risk for Suicide Ideation (SI). The relationship between Social Support (SS) and Time Perspective (TP) with SI is important among patients with MS. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of SI and the correlation between SS and TP with SI in Iranian patients with MS in Nahavand and Malayer.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional analytic research design, we selected 79 participants among patients with MS in Nahavand and Malayer, Iran. Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Zimbardo’s Time Perspective Inventory were used for collecting the data.

Results: The obtained results indicated that 30.3% of the patients with MS suffered from SI. There was a negative correlation between SS (from family, friends and significant other), Past Positive (PP) and Future (F) orientations and a positive correlation between Past Negative (PN) orientation and SI; SS from significant other and PP negatively predicted the SI in patients with MS.

Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the relationship between SS, PN, PP, F and SI and the role of SS from significant other and PP in predicting the SI in Nahavand and Malayer patients with MS were confirmed. Thus, it is necessary to develop support systems and apply the TP-based treatments for patients with MS who are at risk for SI.
Economic Aspects of Rice Combine Harvesting Service for Farmer in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Poungchompu Supaporn , Chantanop Supawadee
Published: July 2016

Rice combine harvesting is popular among farmers due to a labor shortage and high wage labor. This condition impacts on the rapid expansion of business of rice combine harvester service. The objective of this research was to evaluate the service characteristics of rice combine harvester for farmer and factor affecting the use of combine harvester. Primary data was collected purposively 85 operators and randomly 729 farmers with statistic analysis. Results of the study indicated that the harvesting cost of 798.48 THB/rai for using a combine harvester in wet season is smaller than the cost of manual harvesting of 1,542.17 THB/rai. The important factors affecting the use of combine harvest were farmers’ education, farm size and family size. Net return from this service business is over 250 THB/rai or over 35 % of total profit that it is economic benefit for operators. But, the operators faced high cost of fuel and of repair and maintenance cost due to unskilled operation. Thus, the government should establish a network of harvester service operators as well as encourage more maintenance training for local operator in order to high utilization efficiency in rice combine harvester. Also, the government should support farmer to expand their farm sizes by the establishment of a group farmer to easy access the use of rice combine harvester and should give wider farmer awareness education for higher adoption of combine harvester use.
Identifying and Prioritizing Factors Influencing Success of a Strategic Planning Process: A Study on National Iranian Copper Industries Company
Authors: Kavousi Shahrooz , Salamzadeh Yashar
Published: July 2016

Nowadays, global economic activities are performed by medium and small-sized enterprises (SMEs). All these organizations seek success, knock the socks off rival companies and satisfy their customers' needs in a turbulent environment and a very competitive market. Strategic planning, in case of proper formulation and implementation, is an effective tool which can identify opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses of the organization so that more realistic goals can be set and implemented. National Iranian Copper Industries Company needs to prioritize its strategies due to structural evolutions in order to determine the budget and formulate short-term planning for them. So the present research examines and ranks these factors. Our research method is descriptive-survey and the sampling process is random. Population size is 180 and the sample size of 120 is calculated according to Cochran formula. This research categorized the factors using factor analysis. The results showed that success factors of Strategic Planning for this company were situated in four groups including administrative process, managerial process, inter-organizational culture and extra-organizational factors. Then the indicators were weighted and prioritized by means of Shannon's method and Topsis technique, respectively. Finally conclusions were provided according to the given priorities.
Research on Temple' Role in the Divorce of Edo Japan Basing on Analysis of Enkiridera
Authors: Wang Weixing
Published: July 2016

Edo Japan is male-dominating age. The husband owned the right of divorce, while the wife didn’t, the wife could only be at the mercy of their husbands. If the husband wanted to divorce, they just need to give their wives a piece of "Mikudarihan", which was the certificate of divorce at that time, while the wives didn’t have the right of asking divorce. That was a well-rounded argument. In fact, about divorce, the wives were not so completely passive, the wives themselves also could actively divorce, and obtained divorce by some means, for example the wife could run into Enkiridera. Enkiridera was a kind of temples in which women seeking release from marriage could take refuge and obtain divorce by the help of the temples. The existence of Enkiridera gave wives a possibility of obtaining divorce.
The New Product Online Evaluation by Expert Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process Method
Authors: Li Pei
Published: July 2016

This study analyzed an evaluation method on new product design over the internet. The expert evaluation is an essential part in product producing and consuming chain. The research takes the Tai Huoniao website (http://www.taihuoniao.com) as a thinking point, which used scoring on product design works. The research uses the analysis hierarchy process method in product evaluation, adding a quantitative analysis on expert-rating. The method also brings an influence on product design works in evaluating online. It is evident that the weight of criterion over the expert evaluation is strongly influenced consumer’s decision-making. By the way of imposing weight on criterion after expert evaluation, it provides an approach for designer to learn more about how can a new product be assessed on computer screen. The weighting on criterion supports the new product design efficiently. The aim of the research is to evaluate the product design criterion in AHP method so as to meet the consumers’ need.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 12, No. 8
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: July 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 12, No. 8, 2016.
Causal Correlation between Exchange Rate and Stock Index: Evidence from VN-Index
Authors: Nguyen Tri Dinh , Bui Quang Hung , Nguyen Tan Thanh
Published: July 2016

This paper will examine the causal correlation of exchange rates and stock prices in Vietnam. The data is collected daily from March 1st 2007 to March 1st 2014. The whole sample period is divided into two sub-groups as before the stock market bottom, after stock market bottom and full sample period. Unit root tests are employed for checking the stationary of time series data such as ADF test, PP test and KPSS test. This paper employs the co-integration test and Granger causality test to identify the causal correlation between two variables. The results of paper prove that there is no causal correlation between exchange rate and stock price. It means that the stock price has no effect on exchange rate and vice versa. However, after stock market bottom from February 25th 2009 to March 1st 2014, this research finds that it has a long-run co-movement between these variables by applying the Johansen test.
Revisioning History: A Deconstructionist Reading of a Learner’s Multimodal Text, Revenge
Authors: Ja'afar Zillasafarina , Md. Yusof Noraini , Ibrahim Noraini
Published: July 2016

Recent interest in multimodality recognizes the integration of text and image in meaning-making as representing reality. It has also been argued that with the use of digital communication, the meanings of visual and verbal data can be easily manipulated rendering them unreliable. As such, a close and critical reading of the text is required to discover what is hidden, absent, or inconsistent with it. In a deconstruction of a multimodal digital composition of a poem that involves revisioning of history, this paper privileges the absences of cultural and historical texts to signify socio-political issues. An eclectic use of theoretical concepts on meaning-making, especially those proposed by Kress and van Leeuwen, Foucault and Baudrillard, constructs the discussion of the analysis. The digital poem entitled ‘Revenge’ is deconstructed to further discover such absence in the text. The findings reveal that language and images are used by the learner as a source of power to negotiate the boundaries of identity. It has also been discovered that the message in rhetoric and visuals complement each other to support the process of meaning-making.
The Problems of Applying Student Centered Syllabus of English in Vocational High Schools in Kendal Regency
Authors: Faridi Abdurrachman , Bahri Seful , Nurmasitah Sita
Published: July 2016

This study was descriptive qualitative study aimed to investigate the problems of applying student centered syllabus in vocational high schools in Kendal regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The subjects of the study were twenty English teacher in vocational high schools in Kendal. The data were collected through observations, questionnaires, and interviews. The collected data further were analyzed using inductive analysis in which the researchers looked for the pattern of the data and the meaning of the data. Based on the data, there are three points concluded. The first was the English teaching and learning process in vocational high schools in Kendal had applied the student-centered syllabus. The second, in designing the students-centered syllabus the teachers found difficulties in having a model of the student-centered syllabus as a guideline in adapting and designing their own syllabus, describing the learning indicators, and formulating learning activities alligned with the student-centered learning. The third, the teachers faced difficulties in terms of encouraging their students to participate actively during the teaching and learning, and requiring a lot of time in implementing the student-centered syllabus. Thus, even though the teachers had already applied the student-centered syllabus in their teaching, they still found difficulties in implementing it. In conclusion, they need a model of student-centered syllabus for being a guideline in designing their syllabus and workshops to train them the ways to implement the student-centered syllabus successfully in their teaching.
Children’s and Adults’ Understanding of Faux Pas and Insults
Authors: Pearson Rae Anne M. , Pillow Bradford H.
Published: July 2016

We examined 7- to 11-year-old children’s and adults’ social understanding by presenting stories containing either a verbal faux pas or a deliberate insult. Participants were asked about the speaker’s knowledge, intent, and affect, and about the listener’s perception of the speaker’s intent, and the listener’s affect before and after the speaker apologized. Nine-year-olds, 11-year-olds, and adults recognized that the speaker’s knowledge or ignorance, but younger children did not. All age groups judged that the speaker did not intend harm and that the listener would not perceive the listener as intending harm. Nine-year-olds, 11-year-olds, and adults rated the speaker as feeling worse in faux pas stories than in insult stories, but younger children did not. All age groups rated the listener as feeling worse in insult stories than in faux pas stories. Children judged that an apology would improve the listener’s feelings more than adults did.
The correlation of TAS2R38 gene variants with higher risk
for chronic rhinosinusitis in Polish patients
Authors: Dżaman Karolina , Zagor Mariola , Sarnowska Elżbieta , Krzeski Antoni , Kantor Ireneusz
Published: July 2016

Background: Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs), especially T2R38s appear as innovative regulators of innate immunity in
the respiratory system. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TAS2R38 gene may contribute to individual
differences in susceptibility to respiratory infections especially chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). TAS2R38 genotypes distribution
varies by geographic region, race and ethnicity.
The aim of the preliminary study was the identification of SNPs in TAS2R38 encoding genes in Polish patients with
CRS and finding potential correlation with CRS phenotypes.

Material and methods: The preliminary study contained 20 CRS patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus
surgery (FESS). Fresh sinus mucosa (SM) was obtained during FESS in CRS patients. Patients were genotyped for
TAS2R38 using Sanger method and the genotype occurrences of the clinically recalcitrant CRS cohort was evaluated.
Analysis of TAS2R38 expression in SM of CRS patients was performed using immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results: T2R38 was highly expressed in SM of CRS patients. Patients with CRS demonstrated both common genotypes
PAV, AVI. The heterozygotes frequency (AVI/PAV) was the highest. The protective genotype (PAV/PAV) was
noticed in the lowest frequency and connected with lower average value of CT score compare to AVI/AVI genotypes
(p=0.01).

Conclusions: The work presented in this study provides the hypothesis that airway bitter T2Rs are an innovative
sphere of human respiratory innate protection. TAS2R38 polymorphism may influence the susceptibility to CRS. The
AVI haplotypes are an independent risk factors for CRS. Additionally, the bitter taste receptors and related signalling
pathways might create an unique group of therapeutic targets to treat CRS.
PTEN Promotes Dopaminergic Neuronal Differentiation Through Regulation of ERK-Dependent Inhibition of S6K Signaling in Human Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Lee Jeong Eun , Lim Mi Sun , Park Jae Hyeon , Park Chang Hwan , Koh Hyun Chul
Published: July 2016

Phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) is a widely known negative regulator of insulin/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. The PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) and Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras-ERK) signaling pathways are the chief mechanisms controlling the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the roles of PTEN in Akt/mTOR and ERK signaling during proliferation and neuronal differentiation of human NSCs (hNSCs) are poorly understood. Treatment of proliferating hNSCs with a specific inhibitor of PTEN or overexpression of the PTEN inactive mutant G129E resulted in an increase in the expression levels of Ki67, p-S6 kinase (p-S6K), and p-ERK without affecting p-Akt expression during proliferation of hNSCs. Therefore, we focused on the regulatory effect of PTEN in S6K and ERK signaling during dopaminergic neuronal differentiation of hNSCs. Overexpression of PTEN during neuronal differentiation of hNSCs caused an increase in p-S6K expression and a decrease in p-ERK expression. Conversely, inhibition of PTEN increased p-ERK expression and decreased p-S6K expression. Inhibition of ERK by a specific chemical inhibitor, U0126, promoted neuronal generation, especially of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons. p-S6K expression increased in a time-dependent manner during differentiation, and this effect was enhanced by U0126. These results indicated that PTEN promoted neuronal differentiation by inhibition of ERK signaling, which in turn induced activation of S6K. Our data suggest that ERK pathways participate in crosstalk with S6K through PTEN signaling during neuronal differentiation of hNSCs. These results represent a novel pathway by which PTEN may modulate the interplay between ERK and S6K signaling, leading to increased neuronal differentiation in hNSCs.

Significance

This article adds to the body of knowledge about the mechanism of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated differentiation by describing the molecular function of phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) during the neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs). Previous studies showed that S6K signaling promoted neuronal differentiation in hNSCs via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. A further series of studies investigated whether this S6 kinase-induced differentiation in hNSCs involves regulation of ERK signaling by PTEN. The current study identified a novel mechanism by which PTEN regulates neuronal differentiation in hNSCs, suggesting that activating PTEN function promotes dopaminergic neuronal differentiation and providing an important resource for future studies of PTEN function.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Is Required for Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Protection Against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Cahill Emer F. , Kennelly Helen , Carty Fiona , Mahon Bernard P. , English Karen
Published: July 2016

The incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is on the rise and existing treatments have failed to halt or reverse disease progression. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have potent cytoprotective effects, can promote tissue repair, and have demonstrated efficacy in a range of fibrotic lung diseases; however, the exact mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. Chemical antagonists and short hairpin RNA knockdown were used to identify the mechanisms of action used by MSCs in promoting wound healing, proliferation, and inhibiting apoptosis. Using the bleomycin induced fibrosis model, the protective effects of early or late MSC administration were examined. The role for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in MSC protection against bleomycin lung injury was examined using HGF knockdown MSC. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling assay was performed on ex vivo lung sections to examine the effects of MSC on apoptosis. MSC conditioned media (CM) enhanced wound closure and inhibited apoptosis of pulmonary cells in vitro. HGF was required for MSC CM enhancement of epithelial cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. In contrast, MSC required COX-2 for CM to inhibit fibroblast proliferation. In a murine model, early administration of MSC protected against bleomycin induced lung fibrosis and correlated with reduced levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, reduced levels of apoptosis, and significantly increased levels of HGF. These protective effects were in part mediated by MSC derived HGF as HGF knockdown MSC were unable to protect against fibrosis in vivo. These findings delineate the mechanisms of MSC protection in a preclinical model of fibrotic lung disease.

Significance

The mechanisms used by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in mediating protective effects in chronic models of lung disease are not understood and remain to be elucidated. These findings from in vitro studies highlight an important role for the MSC-derived soluble factors hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and prostaglandin E2 in promoting wound healing and inhibiting apoptosis. Furthermore, this study translates these findings demonstrating an important role for HGF in the protective effects mediated by MSC in vivo in the bleomycin model. These findings support a targeted approach to enhancing MSC therapy for fibrotic disease and highlight the importance of timing of MSC therapy.
Perivascular Progenitor Cells Derived From Human Embryonic Stem Cells Exhibit Functional Characteristics of Pericytes and Improve the Retinal Vasculature in a Rodent Model of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Kim Jung Mo , Hong Ki-Sung , Song Won Kyung , Bae Daekyeong , Hwang In-Kyu , Kim Jong Soo , Chung Hyung-Min
Published: July 2016

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-age people. Pericyte loss is one of the pathologic cellular events in DR, which weakens the retinal microvessels. Damage to the microvascular networks is irreversible and permanent; thus further progression of DR is inevitable. In this study, we hypothesize that multipotent perivascular progenitor cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC-PVPCs) improve the damaged retinal vasculature in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rodent models. We describe a highly efficient and feasible protocol to derive such cells with a natural selection method without cell-sorting processes. As a cellular model of pericytes, hESC-PVPCs exhibited marker expressions such as CD140B, CD146, NG2, and functional characteristics of pericytes. Following a single intravitreal injection into diabetic Brown Norway rats, we demonstrate that the cells localized alongside typical perivascular regions of the retinal vasculature and stabilized the blood-retinal barrier breakdown. Findings in this study highlight a therapeutic potential of hESC-PVPCs in DR by mimicking the role of pericytes in vascular stabilization.

Significance

This study provides a simple and feasible method to generate perivascular progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells. These cells share functional characteristics with pericytes, which are irreversibly lost at the onset of diabetic retinopathy. Animal studies demonstrated that replenishing the damaged pericytes with perivascular progenitor cells could restore retinal vascular integrity and prevent fluid leakage. This provides promising and compelling evidence that perivascular progenitor cells can be used as a novel therapeutic agent to treat diabetic retinopathy patients.
Concise Review: Recent Advances in the In Vitro Derivation of Blood Cell Populations
Authors: Batta Kiran , Menegatti Sara , Garcia-Alegria Eva , Florkowska Magdalena , Lacaud Georges , Kouskoff Valerie
Published: July 2016

Hematopoietic cell-based therapies are currently available treatment options for many hematological and nonhematological disorders. However, the scarcity of allogeneic donor-derived cells is a major hurdle in treating these disorders. Embryonic stem cell-based directed differentiation and direct reprogramming of somatic cells provide excellent tools for the potential generation of hematopoietic stem cells usable in the clinic for cellular therapies. In addition to blood stem cell transplantation, mature blood cells such as red blood cells, platelets, and engineered T cells have also been increasingly used to treat several diseases. Besides cellular therapies, induced blood progenitor cells generated from autologous sources (either induced pluripotent stem cells or somatic cells) can be useful for disease modeling of bone marrow failures and acquired blood disorders. However, although great progress has been made toward these goals, we are still far from the use of in vitro-derived blood products in the clinic. We review the current state of knowledge on the directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells and the reprogramming of somatic cells toward the generation of blood stem cells and derivatives.

Significance

Hematopoietic cell-based therapies are currently available treatment options for many hematological and nonhematological disorders. However, the scarcity of allogeneic donor-derived cells is a major hurdle in treating these disorders. The current state of knowledge on the directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells and the reprogramming of somatic cells toward the generation of blood stem cells and derivatives is reviewed.
Reading Nostra Aetate in Reverse: A Different Way of Looking at the Relationships Among Religions
Authors: Phan Peter C.
Published: July 2016

No abstract is available.
In Our Time: Civil Rights, Women’s Liberation, and Jewish-Christian Dialogue Fifty Years After Nostra Aetate
Authors: Von Kellenbach Katharina
Published: July 2016

No abstract is available.
Gilbert S. Rosenthal, Ed. A Jubilee for All Time: The Copernican Revolution in Jewish-Christian Relations
Authors: Pettit Peter A.
Published: July 2016

No abstract is available.
Matthew A. Tapie. Aquinas on Israel and the Church: The Question of Supersessionism in the Theology of Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Coolman Holly Taylor
Published: July 2016

No abstract is available.
James H. Charlesworth, Ed. Jesus and Temple: Textual and Archaeological Explorations
Authors: Calaway Jared C.
Published: July 2016

No abstract is available.
Thinking Through the History of the Book
Authors: Howsam Leslie
Published: July 2016

An impressive body of meticulous scholarship in the history of the book has led scholars to reject outmoded models of revolutionary change and technological determinism, and instead to explore themes of evolution and organic change. Similarly, the old unitary and Eurocentric book history is being supplanted by a series of parallel narratives where the focus is on human adaptation of new technologies to newly felt needs and fresh marketing opportunities. The article suggests that the study of book history is a way of thinking about how people have given material form to knowledge and stories. It highlights some particularly ambitious recent arguments, and emphasizes research, theory and pedagogy as the means to a wider understanding. Rather than being an academic discipline, book history is identified as an “interdiscipline,” an intellectual space where scholars practicing different disciplinary approaches and methodologies address the same capacious conceptual category.
Histoires nationales et histoire internationale du livre et de l’édition
Authors: Mollier Jean-Yves
Published: July 2016

Dans cet article, je reviens sur la naissance de l’Histoire de l’édition française (4 volumes publiés en 1982-1986) et sur la commande passée par un éditeur, Jean-Pierre Vivet, à Henri-Jean Martin, spécialiste de l’histoire du livre, qui recruta ensuite Roger Chartier pour répondre avec lui au défi intellectuel posé par cette proposition. Contingent par conséquent, relevant de ce que l’on appelle une « commande » éditoriale, ce projet allait cependant marquer l’ensemble de la communauté scientifique internationale et déboucher sur de multiples écritures « nationales » d’histoires du livre, de l’édition et de la lecture dans le monde. Aux deux derniers congrès du Comité international des sciences historiques de Sydney en 2005, et Amsterdam en 2010, la question d’une écriture nationale ou transnationale du livre a été posée et elle l’a été de nouveau à Jinan en août 2015, preuve de l’existence d’un véritable débat sur l’orientation fondamentale qui doit être la nôtre en histoire du livre. En examinant les résultats de ces congrès et en prenant en compte les congrès régionaux et internationaux de SHARP qui ont abordé ces thématiques dans les années 2000-2010, notamment les congrès de Rio de Janeiro et de Monterey, il est possible de montrer comment la perspective internationale a modifié les perspectives passées et réorienté la discipline vers une approche davantage transculturelle, difficile à mettre en oeuvre mais prometteuse pour l’avenir. À sa manière, ce changement de cap, ou de paradigme, s’inscrit dans une perspective d’histoire globale qui remet en cause les frontières et leur pertinence pour comprendre les phénomènes de transferts culturels.
National Histories of the Book in a Transnational Age
Authors: Lyons Martyn
Published: July 2016

In the 1990s and 2000s, national histories of the book achieved a double milestone: firstly, they marked the coming to maturity of the subdiscipline of the history of the book itself, especially in English-speaking countries; at the same time they established landmarks in the cultural history of their own countries. My presentation will discuss the fate and the impact of national book histories from the point of view of theHistory of the Book in Australia, which I coedited and to which I contributed several chapters.

Two historiographical events have challenged the agenda of national book histories. The ‘transnational turn’ has thrown into question the fundamental framework which governed their conception and production. To a lesser extent, the growth of the digital humanities also makes a radical departure from the ‘traditional’ research methods of the 1990s. My presentation will assess the legacy of theHistory of the Book in Australiaso far, and ask whether national book history has any role to play in the age of transnational approaches. I will suggest in answer to my own question that there remains a place at the table for all three levels—transnational, national and also micro-histories of the book.
Preferencias relacionales de género en el contexto escolar: una nueva medida para el diagnóstico de relaciones de género en educación
Authors: García-Pérez Rafael , Ruiz-Pinto Estrella , Rebollo-Catalán Ángeles
Published: July 2016

Este estudio evalúa un procedimiento nuevo para el análisis “micro-sociométrico” de los patrones relacionales de género en el alumnado adolescente, lo que se analiza aplicando Análisis de Correspondencias Múltiples (ACM). El propósito del estudio es desarrollar y validar la Escala de Preferencias Relacionales de Género (EPRG), con el fin de obtener datos válidos y fiables que permitan reconocer la predisposición de las chicas y los chicos adolescentes a relacionarse con sus iguales; y, si las relaciones que establecen están condicionadas por la socialización diferencial de género que propone el patriarcado (Bosch, Ferrer & Alzamora, 2006; Lagarde, 1996; Lomas, 2007; Lorente, 2007; Rodríguez-Mosquera, 2011; Simón, 2010; Tomé & Tonucci, 2013). La muestra está compuesta por 6.000 estudiantes adolescentes, de los cuales el 50,8% son mujeres y el 49,2% son hombres, con una media de edad de 13,82 años. Se demuestra validez de constructo y se obtiene una alta fiabilidad (Alpha de Cronbrach = .92) en la determinación de las asignaciones de roles y estereotipos de género en el aula escolar, considerando al tiempo las “distancias sociales” y la estructura electiva de chicos y chicas en las aulas. La obtención con ACM de mapas “micro-sociométricos” facilita la interpretación de resultados, coincidentes con otras aproximaciones teóricas, identificando las “distancias sociales” entre personas, categorías y géneros. Los resultados destacan actividades relacionales que muestran patrones de género muy marcados tales como compartir la ropa o elegir pareja, así como las conductas relacionales asociadas a la diferenciación inequívoca inter-intra géneros.
Políticas y resultados educativos en América Latina: un mapa comparado de siete países (2000-2015)
Authors: Rivas Axel , Sanchez Belén
Published: July 2016

El artículo analiza las políticas educativas implementadas entre 2000 y 2015 en Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México, Perú y Uruguay a partir de un abordaje metodológico mixto que combinó aproximaciones cualitativas y cuantitativas. La situación actual en términos de calidad de los aprendizajes se revela preocupante pero la evolución de los indicadores analizados en el período da cuenta de un panorama esperanzador. El mapeo de las políticas da cuenta de una agenda en movimiento, caracterizada por la expansión de derechos educativos básicos, cambios en la gobernabilidad de los sistemas educativos, la utilización de libros de texto y materiales digitales como “atajos” de cambio educativo, la flexibilización de los regímenes académicos, la proliferación de políticas redistributivas de justicia educativa, una fuerte apuesta por las políticas para la docencia y el liderazgo educativo como llaves del cambio educativo, y el auge de las evaluaciones de la calidad educativa y las políticas masivas de distribución de computadoras a las escuelas, entre otros rasgos salientes. El análisis de los resultados de aprendizaje y la evolución de otros indicadores educativos clave a la luz de las políticas analizadas permitió elaborar una serie de hipótesis y reflexiones sobre posibles caminos de mejora sistémica que buscan contribuir a la reflexión profunda, plural y rigurosa sobre la mejora de la educación en América Latina.
Ítems contextualizados de PISA Ciencias: La conexión entre las demandas cognitivas y las características de contexto de los ítems
Authors: Ruiz-Primo Maria Araceli , Li Min
Published: July 2016

El uso frecuente de contextos en los ítems de la prueba se basa en la premisa de que la contextualización de ítems es una estrategia eficaz para comprobar si los estudiantes pueden aplicar o transferir sus conocimientos. En este trabajo, seguimos una línea de investigación que se centra en probar esta premisa. Se presenta un estudio de las características del contexto en una muestra de ítems de PISA ciencias de 2006 y 2009 y cómo estas características, así como el rendimiento del estudiante puede estar relacionado con las demandas cognitivas en los ítems. El estudio se basa en dos preguntas de investigación: (1) ¿Cuáles son las demandas cognitivas de los ítems contextualizados en la muestra PISA y cuál es el rendimiento de los estudiantes vinculados a estos ítems? (2) ¿Están las demandas cognitivas de los ítems asociadas con ciertas características de los contextos de los elementos que han demostrado estar en relación con el rendimiento de los estudiantes? Usando 52 ítems liberados de PISA, encontramos información sobre tres dimensiones del contexto de los ítems, nivel de abstracción, los recursos y la naturaleza del contexto y las demandas cognitivas de los ítems. Una regresión logística multinomial con la demanda cognitiva como variable de resultado, las características contextuales como los predictores, y el porcentaje de respuestas correctas como la covariante indicó que ciertas características del contexto están vinculados a las demandas cognitivas de los ítems. Por ejemplo, se encontró que los contextos de los ítems en los que sólo suponen ideas concretas se asocian a elementos con bajas demandas cognitivas; estos elementos son poco probables que requieran el conocimiento del contenido para ser respondido. También se encontró que el tipo de recurso (por ejemplo, tablas, gráficos) se asocia con las demandas cognitivas de los ítems: representaciones esquemáticas parecen estar vinculadas a temas afectando el conocimiento procedimental y no a temas que afectan el conocimiento declarativo o esquemático. Llegamos a la conclusión de que se necesita más investigación para comprender mejor la influencia que tienen las características de contexto en los procesos cognitivos, en la cual se pida a los estudiantes a participar en su desarrollo.
Adaptation in protein fitness landscapes is facilitated by indirect paths
Authors: Wu Nicholas C , Dai Lei , Olson C Anders , Lloyd-Smith James O , Sun Ren
Published: July 2016

The structure of fitness landscapes is critical for understanding adaptive protein evolution. Previous empirical studies on fitness landscapes were confined to either the neighborhood around the wild type sequence, involving mostly single and double mutants, or a combinatorially complete subgraph involving only two amino acids at each site. In reality, the dimensionality of protein sequence space is higher (20L) and there may be higher-order interactions among more than two sites. Here we experimentally characterized the fitness landscape of four sites in protein GB1, containing 204 = 160,000 variants. We found that while reciprocal sign epistasis blocked many direct paths of adaptation, such evolutionary traps could be circumvented by indirect paths through genotype space involving gain and subsequent loss of mutations. These indirect paths alleviate the constraint on adaptive protein evolution, suggesting that the heretofore neglected dimensions of sequence space may change our views on how proteins evolve.
Computational studies of suppression of microwave gas breakdown by crossed dc magnetic field using electron fluid model
Authors: Zhao Pengcheng , Guo Lixin , Shu Panpan
Published: July 2016

The gas breakdown induced by a square microwave pulse with a crossed dc magnetic field is investigated using the electron fluid model, in which the accurate electron energy distribution functions are adopted. Simulation results show that at low gas pressures the dc magnetic field of a few tenths of a tesla can prolong the breakdown formation time by reducing the mean electron energy. With the gas pressure increasing, the higher dc magnetic field is required to suppress the microwave breakdown. The electric field along the microwave propagation direction generated due to the motion of electrons obviously increases with the dc magnetic field, but it is much less than the incident electric field. The breakdown predictions of the electron fluid model agree very well with the particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision simulations as well as the scaling law for the microwave gas breakdown.