bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN PEKARANGAN RUMAH WARGA DENGAN TEKNIK BUDIDAYA TANAMAN KAKTUS HIAS
Authors: Diwanti Dyah Pikanthi
Published: March 2021

Dusun Turus merupakan salah satu dusun di Desa Tanjungharjo, Kecamatan Nanggulan, Kabupaten Kulonprogo yang memiliki potensi di bidang pertanian dan kerajinan. Program pemberdayaan masyarakat ini untuk memanfaatkan pekarangan rumah milik warga dalam rangka pengoptimalan fungsi lahan dengan budidaya kaktus hias . Program ini beralasan karena adanya permasalahan irigasi pertanian di Dusun Turus yang saat ini masih dalam perbaikan dan mengakibatkan kekeringan di lahan pertanian warga. Tujuan diadakannya program ini agar warga masyarakat Dusun Turus menambah wawasan / pengetahuan  serta kemandirian dengan memberdayakan penanaman tanaman kaktus hias yang memiliki daya jual. Metode kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada warga dan kelompok tani dan untuk memaksimalkan hasil pemberdayaan selain itu leaflet sebagai sarana edukasi diberikan sebagai panduan. Adapun langkah-langkahnya: pertama dengan cara sosialisasi terlebih dahulu tentang tanaman kaktus kepada warga dan kelompok tani, kedua pelatihan penanaman Kaktus dirangkai pada pot dan media tanam yang merupakan hasil kerajinan warga. Program ini dilanjutkan dengan pendampingan yakni pemantauan hasil kaktus yang telah ditanam sampai pada kesiyapan tanaman untuk siyap dijual.  Dari rangkaian pelaksanaan kegiatan ini ada beberapa indikasi keberhasilan yakni diantaranya sikap warga yang menunjukan respon positif akan pentingnya pemanfaatan pekarangan rumah , antusiasme warga / petani dan kesadaran untuk pemanfaatan pekarangan menuju kemandirian ekonomi dengan potensi penjualan kaktus hias.
MENINGKATKAN WAWASAN MAHASISWA PRA-SKRIPSI TENTANG MANAJEMEN REFERENSI OTOMATIS BERBASIS MENDELEY
Authors: Oktaviyanti Itsna , Maulyda Mohammad Archi , Amrullah Lalu Wira Zain , Nurmawanti Iva , Erfan Muhammad
Published: March 2021

The purpose of these community services activities was to solve the problem of writing references and bibliography for students who start writing their thesis. To achieve this purpose, community service is carried out in several stages, namely the preparation of webinars, Mendeley-based Automatic Reference Management webinars and evaluation of webinar activities. Preparation of webinar activities including coordination, preparation of zoom accounts and flyers for students, then the Mendeley-based Automatic Reference Management webinar as the core activity of this community service. The webinar evaluation is carried out by posttest. The service activities that have been carried out are considered successful shown by activities that have been done, the enthusiasm of the participants is quite high and the insight into writing references and making student bibliography increases. This is evident from the time the webinar activity was according to plan, the webinar participants reached 96 students and the posttest results showed that students' understanding of automatic reference management had increased by up to 77.5%.
PELATIHAN PENERAPAN MODEL REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION BERBASIS ETNOMATEMATIKA TABUT TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN LITERASI MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS IV SDN 67 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Agusdianita Neza , Karjiyati Victoria , Kustianti Sri Ken
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this Community Service Activity is to increase teacher knowledge about the Application of the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Based Ethnomatic Tabut and  develop students' mathematical literacy in Elementary Schools. Through this activity it is expected to improve the skills of teachers in designing and evaluating meaningful and fun mathematics learning. The method used in this Community Service Activity is training. The instruments used in this PPM activity were observation sheets, interview sheets, and training modules. This activity data analysis is descriptive qualitative. The result of this research is that training activities for the application of the Realistic Mathematics Education Model Based on Ark Ethnomatics have been carried out which can develop students' Mathematical Literacy Ability. Through this activity the community service team donated 5 units of miniature ark and training modules to partner schools.
SOSIALISASI APOTEKER CILIK SISWA SD NEGERI 110/IX KELAS 5 DAN 6 DI DESA KEMINGKING DALAM KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI
Authors: Hadriyati Armini , Nurhadisma Nurhadisma , Satrio Ginanjar , Rahma Sesqia , Sintia Ulma , Apriliya Ayu , Syahila Lara , Pratiwi Amellia
Published: March 2021

Penggunaan obat khususnya kepada anak-anak perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus karena tidak semua anak mampu meminum obat ketika sedang sakit. Di samping itu di masa anak-anak memang perlu mendapatkan banyak informasi tentang berbagai profesi agar dapat menambah pengetahuan dan memancing semangat belajar. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka dilakukanlah pelatihan apoteker cilik kepada siswa SD di desa kemingking dalam, yang mana tujuannya untuk mengenalkan profesi apoteker sebagai salah satu tenaga kesehatan dan sumber informasi obat serta memberikan pelatihan keterampilan dan edukasi tentang penggunaan obat yang tepat. Pelatihan ini dilakukan pada siswa SD kelas 5 dan 6 di desa kemingking dalam. Kegiatan tersebut dilaksanakan oleh 8 mahasiswa S1 Farmasi yang diwali dengan penjelasan di kelas. Setelah itu dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan Colour Both yang dalam hal ini mengajarkan siswa bahwa betapa pentingnya mencuci tangan yang benar dan pentingnya menyikat gigi yang benar sambil mengajak anak-anak bermain game menempelkan tangan ke warna lalu di cap ke papan yang disediakan mahasiswa S1 Farmasi. Dan diakhir acara mereka menyampaikan bahwa betapa pentingnya mencuci tangan yang baik dan benar serta menyikat gigi yang benar agar gigi tidak mudah rusak.
PELATIHAN PERAWATAN MESIN JAHIT DALAM RANGKA RE-EKSISTENSI KELOMPOK SWADAYA MASYARAKAT (KSM) SEPAKAT DALAM PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH DI KELURAHAN PASAR UJUNG KABUPATEN KEPAHIANG
Authors: Suryono Ahmad Fauzan , Arianti Nyayu Neti , Reflis Reflis
Published: March 2021

The Non-Governmental Organization (KSM) Sepakat is a form of community participation in waste processing. This KSM is located in Pasar Ujung Subdistrict, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province. KSM Sepakat was established in 2010 and from 2017 has stoped and vacuum from all activitiy to now. One of the factors that causes this vacuum is the damage to production equipment, including components in sewing machines. In addition, the lack of assistance and guidance from the local government has caused the motivation of the members to decrease so that production has decreased too. One of the efforts to re-exist and to reproduce again is sewing machine repair training to all KSM members. This training aims to ensure that each member has basic skills in repairing sewing machines so that if a damage occurs, it will not interfere with the production of waste processing. The method used in this training is through lectures, demonstrations, discussion and direct practice. From the results of the questionnaire, it can be seen that the participants can understand the material well and the material provided is in accordance with the problems in the field. Apart from that, from the questionnaire, it can be seen that the training participants are again committed to activating the activities at KSM Sepakat
PROTECTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS
Authors: Cherniy V. І. , Sobanska L. O. , Shestak N. V.
Published: March 2021

Aim. This study was aimed at developing biocompatibility of extracorporeal components due to the use of «adaptation composition» (AdC), reducing the negative impact of perfusion on the state of red blood cell due to the use of fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) to decrease intraoperative hemolysis and tissue hypoxia.

Material and methods. The study included 225 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The first group included patients who underwent surgery with the treatment of an extracorporeal circuit by AdC, the second group included patients who were administered the drug with the active substance FDP, the third group was the control group. The oxygenator was treated with AdC and PDF was administrated according to the protocol. Patient blood was sampling for complete blood cell count (CBC) and blood smears were at 4 stages of surgery: before CPB, at 10 min. CPB-time, at 60 min. CPB-time (rewarming stage) and after separation from CPB. Several parameters were studied: plasma free hemoglobin (plfHb), the erythrocytes osmotic, mechanical resistance of erythrocytes, erythrocyte membrane permeability (EMP), acid hemolysis, the blood smears were stained according to Pappenheim.

Results. The best erythrocyte indices, hemolysis, osmotic, mechanical, acid, urea resistance of erythrocytes were observed in the groups where fructose-1,6-diphosphate and «adaptation composition» were used. At the preoperative stage, hypophosphatemia was detected in 16.8% out of 225 patients and 26.6% out of 225 patients have a clear tendency to ones. After CPB, there was no hypophosphatemia in the group where fructose-1,6-diphosphate was administered. The higher peripheralization of reticulocytes, echinocytes, and spherocytes was observed in the control group after perfusion.

Conclusion. The use of AdC and FDP during CPB helps to reduce hemolysis and the better state of erythrocytes.

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can negatively affect the state of red blood cell. The effect of fructose-1,6-diphosphate and «adaptation composition» on the state of erythrocytes during perfusion was studied.
EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF MOTOR DISORDERS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH COMOBIDITY OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND FRAILTY AND THE EFFICIENCY OF THEIR CORRECTION BY PHYSICAL THERAPY
Authors: Didoha I.V.
Published: March 2021

Summary. Purpose of the study: to assess the effect of motor disorders on the quality of life of elderly patients with comobility of Parkinson's disease and frailty and to evaluate the effectiveness of their correction by means of physical therapy.

Material and methods. 57 elderly people with diagnosed Parkinson's disease in combination with frailty were examined. They were divided into two groups: 1 (practiced according to the principles of polyclinic rehabilitation) and 2 (practiced according to a developed program of physical therapy, which was created from the point of view of a patient-centric model of rehabilitation, taking into account the specifics of each polymorbid state with the use of functional training, massage, ergotherapy, correction food). In the course of physical therapy, we consistently achieved individual short- and long-term goals of rehabilitation in the SMART format. The effectiveness of the program was assessed by the dynamics of the MDS Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Schwab-England, PDQ-39.

 Results. The examined persons were found to have significant motor disorders, deterioration in the activity of everyday life and everyday activity and, as a consequence, a decrease in the quality of life. The developed program of physical therapy, created from the point of view of a patient-centric model of rehabilitation with the use of functional training, therapeutic exercises, massage, ergotherapy, nutrition correction, revealed a statistically significant better effect on the indicators of motor functions, the state of daily and household activity and the quality of life in comparison with the general polyclinic program. for all studied indicators (p <0.05).

Findings. Elderly patients with comorbidity of Parkinson's disease and senile asthenia require the development of individual programs of physical therapy, taking into account and correcting the specificity of each disease, which increases the overall effectiveness of rehabilitation.
DIGITALIZATION OF THE MARKET OF REHABILITATION SERVICES, OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND SPORTS
Authors: Horoshko V. I. , Hordienko O.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The intensive promotion of a healthy lifestyle in most countries of the world and the current situation with the global spread of viral and other infectious diseases clearly have the effect of changing patterns of human behavior. The study is based on the formation of appropriate mechanisms for managing the development of areas in the era of the fourth industrial revolution amid the globalization and the emergence of the digital economy. The real efficiency and social role of medical institutions can be ensured by increasing the availability of services to the population of complex areas, taking into account certain institutional aspects of this area. The practical importance of the achieved results is determined by the advantages of scaling the model of development of mechanisms that guide the development of health care and rehabilitation in the context of digitalization. The presented material will help to improve the quality of management decisions made by the heads of organizations from rehabilitation centers and regulatory authorities. This mechanism also helps to better meet the needs of new stakeholder groups, including customers, governments, manufacturers and healthcare professionals. The use of neo-modern technologies significantly enriches the opportunities for professionals around the world. The low price of mobile applications and personal electronic devices allows us to talk about the potential use of such comprehensive "IT-medical" solutions, even in rural and sparsely populated areas. This area is only at the initial stage of research, which will require scientists to obtain additional qualifications, and physicians the ability to work with modern high-tech solutions that are widely available to young people and all patients. Systematic research in this area is impossible without the use of big data processing technologies, as well as without a personalized approach to each patient. Based on the integrated use of the diagnostic potential of modern technologies, it is advisable to develop algorithms and use secure protocols for designing individual rehabilitation plans for people. The spread and development of digitalization in the field of occupational therapy and rehabilitation cannot be considered a refusal to participate in the human specialist, doctor and scientist in this area or diminish their role.
EFFICIENCY OF MOTOR STEREOTYPE CORRECTION IN YOUNG PERSONS WITH POSTURE DISTURBANCES, FLAT FEET AND OBESITY BY PHYSICAL THERAPY
Authors: Nakonechna S.P.
Published: March 2021

Objective of the study: to assess the effectiveness of the correction of the motor stereotype in young people (students) with postural disorders, flat feet and obesity by means of physical therapy. Material and methods. Surveyed 110 first-year students. The control group consisted of students with normal body weight, normal posture and no signs of flat feet. The comparison group consisted of students with obesity, impaired posture in the sagittal plane and flat feet. They were divided into two groups: group 1 - students who expressed a desire to correct diagnosed violations on their own and / or in independently selected rehabilitation institutions and / or during classroom physical education. Group 2 consisted of students undergoing rehabilitation using the developed program of physical therapy, which lasted 6 months and included kinesiоtherapy, massage, kinesiological taping, nutritional modification, behavioral psychocorrection. The movement stereotype of students was assessed by the Functional Movement Screen, the level of physical activity - by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results. Students with poor posture, flat feet and obesity showed violations of the motor stereotype, which was confirmed on the basis of the worst results of all Functional Movement Screen tests (p <0.05), as well as a lower level of general motor activity (according to the levels of weekly energy consumption, determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire) (p <0.05) relative to the indicators of their healthy peers. Analyzing the gender difference in the test results, it was found that the guys were easier to perform exercises related to the implementation of strength (6, 7 tests), and the girls - flexibility (2, 5 tests). The developed program of physical therapy with the use of functional training on the Prosedos platform, massage, kinesiological taping, nutrition modification, behavioral psychocorrection showed a statistically significantly better effect on all characteristics of the movement pattern and the level of physical activity of students compared to the results of individuals who did non-specialized programs (p <0.05). Findings. During their studies in higher educational institutions, students with disabilities in health require increased attention in the context of identifying and correcting pathological changes, is a consequence of chronic diseases, if possible - non-drug means, in particular, physical therapy.
INTEGRATION OF PHYSICAL THERAPY INTO THE WORK OF THE INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM DURING THE TREATMENT OF HIV PATIENTS
Authors: Orfin A. Y. , Mazepa M.A.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. People living with HIV (PLWH) have a great need in physical therapy (PT), but there are many barriers to accessing it. Specific recommendations on how to integrate PT into multidisciplinary teams and outpatient care programs PLWH is currently in short supply.

The aim of the study. Identify factors to consider when integrating PT into the work of a multidisciplinary team in providing assistance to PLWH.

Materials and methods. A descriptive sociological study consisting of interviews with health workers (n=12) and with adults living with HIV (n=13).

Research results and their discussion. Guided by the principles of biopsychosocial models in the study of barriers and factors to be considered when integrating PT in multidisciplinary team for the management of PLWH, identified 8 contextual factors that may affect the integration of PT in the care of PLWH.

Conclusion. The role of PT in the care of PLWH is multifactorial and patient-oriented, a special role belongs to the contextual factors.

Prospects for further research. Structuring the PT mode with orientation on a specific patient; development of methods for assessing PT as an interprofessional component assistance.
Kinerja Motor Induksi Tiga Phasa Sebagai Pompa Air Gedung Bertingkat Di Kantor Walikota Pekanbaru Riau
Authors: Aditya Bagus , Atmam Atmam , Zondra Elvira
Published: March 2021

Motor listrik merupakan mesin listrik yang merubah energi listrik menjadi energi gerak. Pemanfaatan energi gerak ini yang kemudian banyak digunakan oleh beberapa gedung bertingkat untuk mempermudah proses pendistribusian air. Kantor Walikota Pekanbaru memiliki motor listrik untuk pendistribusian air yang memiliki kapasitas daya 7,5 kW sebagai mesin penggerak pompa. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada motor induksi tiga phasa di kantor Walikota Pekanbaru untuk mengetahui kinerja motor terhadap perubahan bukaan valve. Saat bukaan valve minimal diperoleh arus stator 6,215 Amper, arus rotor 4,180 Amper, putaran rotor 2979 rpm, torka induksi 8,044 N.m dan torka beban 7,987 N.m. Saat bukaan valve medium diperoleh arus stator 8,389 Amper, arus rotor 7,236 Amper, putaran rotor 2963 rpm, torka induksi 14,257 N.m dan torka beban 14,080 N.m. Saat bukaan valve maksimal diperoleh arus stator 10,006 Amper, arus rotor 9,319 Amper, putaran rotor 2950 rpm, torka induksi 18,080 N.m dan torka beban 17,798 N.m.
Penggunaan Energi Listrik Motor Induksi Satu Fasa Akibat Perubahan Besaran Kapasitor
Authors: Zondra Elvira , Atmam Atmam , Yuvendius Hazra
Published: March 2021

Konsumsi energi listrik didominasi oleh penggunaan motor listrik pada industri, transportasi, fasilitas publik dan juga pada rumah tangga. Motor listrik seperti motor induksi satu fasa dengan jenis motor kapasitor permanen atau disebut juga dengan motor kapasitor running banyak digunakan untuk keperluan rumah tangga sebagai penggerak pada pompa air, kipas angin dan sebagainya. Motor induksi kapasitor permanen mempunyai kumparan bantu yang dihubungkan secara seri dengan sebuah kapasitor. Kapasitor ini selalu berada dalam rangkaian motor, baik pada waktu start maupun jalan. Apabila kapasitor yang digunakan, besaran kapasitornya tidak sesuai maka akan mengakibatkan arus tinggi sehingga akan berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan energi listrik. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh saat motor induksi satu phasa jenis kapasitor permanen dengan tegangan input 220 Volt, menggunakan kapasitor sebesar 8 µF atau kondisi eksisting diperoleh arus 1,60 Amper, daya aktif 0,22 kW dan bila menggunakan kapasitor 60 µF diperoleh arus 4,17 Amper, daya aktif 0,90 kW, selanjutnya penggunaan energi listrik dari motor induksi satu phasa jenis kapasitor permanen selama satu jam, kondisi eksisting 0,22 kWh dengan biaya Rp. 297,44 dan saat menggunakan kapasitor 60 µF diperoleh energi listrik 0,90 kWh dengan biaya Rp. 1.216,8.
Operation Capability Analysis and Experiments of Underactuated Compliant Multi-Fingered Hands
Authors: Shun Xiao  , Jiejian Di  , Jie Zhang  , Quanliang Zhao  , Guangping He
Published: March 2021

In this paper, operation capabilities of underactuated compliant robot hands have been investigated based on the shape stability analysis of underactuated compliant fingers and operation modes analysis of human hands. It is shown that the operation modes of robot hands can be classified into two major classes, namely, enveloping grasp mode and pinch mode. For the two operation modes, two principles are respectively presented with regard to the mechanical design issues of the underactuated robot hands. According to the principles presented in this paper, a robot hand prototype with four underactuated compliant fingers has been fabricated. On the robot hand prototype, enveloping grasp capability of underactuated compliant robot hands has been verified by many experiments. For precision operations, a proposition is presented and it is shown that the prototype should be further improved.
The Beauty of Repetition in Nali's Poetry
Authors: Omer Kaki Hama Noori
Published: March 2021

هذا البحث بعنوان )جمالیة التكرار في شعر نالی)، ومن خلال تحلیل لبعض من اشعار الشاعر الكردی الشهیر، اذ یعرض جمالیة ذلك التكرار الذی حصل فی تلك النماذج الشعریة المختارة، ویتألف البحث من قسمین: ففي القسم الاول یتحدث عن مفهوم مصطلح التكرار كظاهرة فنیة فی الشعر الكلاسیكی ، وفي القسم الثاني  والذی یعبر عن المقصد الرئیسی للبحث ،حدد مجموعة من النصوص الشعریة والتی عرض فیها ظاهرة التكرار الصوتیة و ‌الكلمات والمصطلحات والعبارات ، فضلا عن تكرار الجمل الشعریة فی بعض الابیات والنصوص الشعریة ، ومن خلال ظهر جمالیة فن التكرار فی هذه‌ النصوص الشعریة المختارة ، ثم اوجزنا النتائج فی عدة نقاط‌ ، واختتم البحث بترجمة ملخص البحث باللغتین  العربیة والانگلیزیة.

                          

پوخته‌

ئه‌م لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌یه‌ به‌ ناونیشانی( ئیستاتیكای دووباره‌كردنه‌وه‌ له‌ شیعری نالی )دایه ‌، له‌ ئه‌نجامی شیكردنه‌وه‌ی چه‌ند ده‌قێكی شیعریی شاعیری ناوداری كورد (نالی) یه‌وه‌ ، جوانی ئه‌و دووباره‌كردنه‌وانه‌ خراونه‌ته‌ ڕوو ،كه ‌له‌و چه‌ند نموونه‌ هه‌ڵبژارده‌یه‌دا به‌رهه‌مهاتهوون . لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌كه‌ له‌ دوو به‌ش پێكهاتووه‌: له‌ به‌شی یه‌كه‌مدا، باس له‌ چه‌مكی زاراوه‌ی دووباره‌كردنه‌وه‌ ، وه‌ك دیارده‌یه‌كی هونه‌ری له‌ شیعری كلاسیكیدا كراوه‌ . له‌ به‌شی دووه‌مدا ، كه‌ مه‌به‌ستی سه‌ره‌كی توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌یه‌. چه‌ند ده‌قێكی شیعریی دیاریكراون ، كه دیارده‌ی دووباره‌ بوونه‌وه‌ی ده‌نگی و وشه‌ و زاراوه‌‌ وده‌سته‌واژه‌یان تێدایه‌ ، سه‌رباری ئه‌وه‌ش باس له‌ دووباره‌ بوونه‌وه‌ی ڕسته‌یی له‌ هه‌ندێك دێر و ده‌قی شیعریدا كراوه‌ ، كه‌ جوانی هونه‌ریی دووباره‌كردنه‌وه‌یان تێدا ده‌رده‌كه‌وێت . له‌ كۆتایدا ئه‌نجامه‌كانمان له‌ چه‌ند خاڵێكدا كورت كردووه‌ته‌وه‌ و لێكۆڵینه‌وه‌كه‌ به‌ وه‌گێڕانی كورته‌ و پوخته‌ی باسه‌كه ،‌ به‌ هه‌ردوو زمانی عه‌ره‌بی و ئینگلیزی كۆتایی پێهاتووه‌.
Countering the coronavirus within the framework of international law and the guidelines of the World Health Organization
Authors: Hama Yusuf Bafraw Rauf
Published: March 2021

إنّ ظهور فايروس كوفيد 19 بوصفه موضوعاً عالميّاً ساخناً يُدرَس من زوايا مختلفة؛ فقد تَسرَّب الفايروس المذكور، فضلاً عن موضوع الصحة، إلى حقول أخرى أيضاً، مَثيلَ كلٍّ من الحقل السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي. حيث يُقال إنّ العالَـم سوف يَنقسم من الآن فصاعداً إلى حقبتَين تاريخيتَين هما ما قبل كورونا وما بعد كورونا. وقد نُظِر حتى الآن في تداعيات كورونا من أبعاد متعدِّدة، لكنْ قَلّما تَسنَّـتِ الفرصةُ بأنْ يُتطرَّق إلى هذا الموضوع من بُعد القوانين الدوليّة و ومبادئ حقوق الإنسان. وفي إقليم كردستان على وجه الخصوص لَـمّا تُتَحْ فرصةٌ كهذه لإجراء رؤًى قانونية في هذا الصَّدَد. وبالطبع فقد دُوِّنت في هذه الفترة في دول أخرى بحوث تَتمحور عن القانون في هذا الباب؛ ولا سيّما في الجامعات الإيرانيّة، حيث كُتبِت مقالات علميّة مُهمّة. وعليه، فإننا نغتنم الفرصة ونرى من الضرورة بمكان الاستفادةَ من المقالات المرتبطة بموضوعنا كي نَقِف، إضافةً إلى التدفُّق العلمي والقانوني وكذلك معرفة منهج التعامل مع الدول المذنبة، على كيفيّة أخْذ الحق وتعويض الأضرار المادّيّة والبشريّة. إنّ سؤال هذه البحث الرئيسَ في هذا الباب هو ما هي مسؤولية دول العالَـم في مواجهة الدول المسؤولة عن تَفشّي هذا الفايروس الـمُعْدي من الناحية القانونيّة؟ وجواباً عن هذا السؤال، يَبدو أنّ دول العالَـم مُضطرّة إلى أنْ تَتناغم مع بعضها بعضاً، وتَتشارك في ردّة فعلها، وتَقفَ إزاءَ مركز إهمال انتشار فايروس كورونا.

 

 

پوختە

پەیدابوونی ڤایرۆسی کۆڤید 19 بۆتە بابەتێکی گەرمی جیهان و لە زۆر ڕووەوە لێکۆڵینەوەی لە سەر دەکرێت. ئەم ڤایرۆسە جگە لە بابەتی تەندروستی، پەلی هاویشتۆتە ناو زۆر مەیدانی دیکەی سیاسی، ئابووری و کۆمەڵایەتی. بە شێوەیەک کە باس لەوە دەکرێت لەمەودوا جیهان دابەشی دوو قۆناغی مێژوویی، پێش کۆڕۆنا و پاش کۆڕۆنا، دەبێت. تا ئێستا لە زۆر گۆشەوە سەیری لێکەوتەکانی کۆڕۆنا کراوە، بەڵام تاکوو ئێستا لە ڕووی یاسای نیودەوڵەتی و یاسای مافەکانی مرۆڤ کەمتر بوار هەبوە کاری بۆ بکرێت. بە تایبەتی لە هەرێمی کوردستان ئەو هەلە ڕێک نەکەوتووە تاکوو لە دیدگای یاسایی کاری لە سەر بکرێت. هەڵبەت، لەم ماوەیەدا لە وڵاتانی دیکە چەند توێژینەوەیەکی زانستی بۆ ئەم بابەتە کراون؛ بە تایبەتی لە زانکۆکانی ئێران وتاری گرنگی زانستی لە سەر نووسراون. بۆیە وەک هەلێک، بە پێویستمان زانی کەڵک لەم توێژینەوانە وەربگرین بۆ ئەوەی جگە لە ڕێڕەوسازیی زانستی یاسایی، بزانین لە داهاتوودا چۆن مامەڵە لە گەڵ وڵاتی خەتاکار بکەین و چۆن داوای ماف و قەرەبووی زیانە مادی و مرۆییەکانمان بکەین. لەو بارەوە، پرسیاری سەرەکی ئەم توێژینەوەیە ئەوەیە کە ئەرکی وڵاتانی جیهان لە ڕووی یاسایی لە بەرانبەر وڵاتێک کە بۆتە هۆکاری بڵاوبوونەوەی ئەم ڤایرۆسە گوازراوەیە چییە؟ لە وڵامدا پێ دەچێ وڵاتانی جیهان ناچاربن بە یەکدەنگی هەڵوێستیان یەک بخەن و لە بەرانبەر ناوەندی کەمتەرخەمی بڵاوبوونەوەی ڤایرۆسی کۆڕۆنا وەخۆکەون.
Analyzing rebuilding state of post-2003 Iraq from Frances Fukuyama’s concept of state building
Authors: Ahmad Yahya Handren
Published: March 2021

مه‌به‌ستی سه‌ره‌كی له‌ ئه‌نجامدانی ئه‌م توێژینه‌وه‌یه، ‌هەوڵدانە بۆ بەدەستهێنانی ‌وه‌ڵامی پرسیاری سه‌ره‌كی، كه بۆچی دوباره‌بونیادنانی ده‌وڵه‌تی عێراق ئه‌سته‌مه‌؟ بایەخی توێژینه‌وه‌کەش لەوەدایە‌‌، عێراق به ‌یه‌كێك له ‌وڵاته ‌هه‌ره‌گه‌نده‌ڵه‌كانی جیهان داده‌نرێت، هه‌روه‌ها له‌به‌ر ئه‌و توانا‌ سنورداره‌ی كه ‌ده‌وڵه‌تی عێڕاق هه‌یه‌تی بۆ مامه‌ڵه‌كردن له‌گه‌ڵ هه‌ریه‌ك له ‌پرسه‌كانی ناسه‌قامگیری سیاسی، ئابوری، كۆمه‌ڵایه‌تی و تیرۆریزم. له ‌كاتێكدا ‌پڕۆسه‌ی دووباره‌بنیادنانی ده‌وڵه‌ت ‌له ‌٢٠٠٣ ه‌وه‌ هه‌وڵی جێ به‌جێكردنی بۆ دراوه، به‌ڵام هێشتا كۆمه‌ڵێك ئالینگاری به‌رۆكی عێڕاقی گرتووه‌. له‌لایه‌ن ده‌وڵه‌تی به‌ریتانیاوه‌ له‌ ساڵی ١٩٢٠ه‌وه ‌پڕۆژه‌ی دروستكردنی ده‌وڵه‌ت ‌له ‌عێڕاق چه‌سێندراوە به ‌شێوازێک بووە، کە ئاراستەکەی له‌سه‌ره‌وه ‌ڕووەو خواره‌وەبووە.‌ هه‌رچه‌نده ‌ئه‌م پڕۆژه‌یه ‌له ‌دروست كرنی ده‌وڵه‌تێكی به‌هێز بۆ گه‌لانی عێڕاق ‌سه‌ركه‌وتوونه‌بووه، له‌به‌رئه‌وه‌ی عێڕاق وڵاتێكی فڕه‌نه‌ژادە، خاوه‌ن زمان و مێژوو و كه‌لتور و ئاینی یه‌كگرتوو نییه‌. هه‌ریه‌ك له‌ شیعه‌كان و سونه‌كان و كورده‌كان به‌جیا لە هه‌وڵی پاراستنی ناسنامەی خۆیانن، ئەمەش لە پێناو زاڵ کردن و چەسپاندنی نفوزی خۆیانە له‌ عێڕاقدا. بۆیه ‌دەشێ ئه‌م فاكته‌ره ‌ناوخۆیانه‌ به ‌به‌ربه‌ستی سه‌ره‌كی دابنێن له ‌دروستکردنی ده‌وڵه‌تێكی به‌هێز له‌ عێڕاقدا، ئه‌گه‌رچی له‌دوای هاتنی ئه‌مریكاو هاوپه‌یمانان له‌٢٠٠٣ ه‌وه‌، ئه‌م فاكته‌ره ‌نێوخۆیانه ‌تێكه‌ڵی سیسته‌مێكی سیاسی نوێ كران، كه ‌بوونه‌ به‌ربه‌ست له ‌دروست کردنی ده‌وڵه‌تێكی به‌هێز. به‌جێ به‌جێكردنی چه‌مكی دوباره‌بونیادنانی ده‌وڵه‌ت له‌لایه‌ن فڕانسس فۆكۆیاما بۆ بونیادی دەوڵەتی عێڕاق، پێمان ده‌ڵێت كه ‌عێڕاق وڵاتێکی شكستخواردووه، ‌چونكه
Bullying behaviors in the workplace and its impact on the Organizational effectiveness An exploratory study to the opinions of employees’ sample at institutes of rehabilitation and education of special needs people in a Sulaymaniyah city.
Authors: Qader Soza Muhammad , Saeed Solaf Ezzaldeen , Hamasaleh Salah Hamasaeed
Published: March 2021

يهدف البحث الحالي لتسليط الضوء على سلوكيات التنمر الوظيفي (اللفظي، الجسدي، والعلاقاتي) التي يتعرض لها منتسبو معاهد تأهيل وتعليم ذوي الإحتياجات الخاصة في مدينة السليمانية بإقليم كوردستان العراق وأثرها في الفاعلية المنظمية بأبعادها (تحقيق الأهداف، العمليات الداخلية، العلاقات الإنسانية، وفاعلية النظام المفتوح)، وعليه فقد تم إعداد مخطط إفتراضي يتضمن متغيرات البحث وأبعادها، فضلاً عن صياغة عدد من الفرضيات الرئيسة والفرعية، كما واستعان الباحثون بالإستبانة الإلكترونية كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات، والتي تم إرسال (210) نسخة منها إلى عينة من منتسبي تلك المعاهد والبالغ عددهم الكلي قرابة (120) منتسب، وتم استعادة (100) نسخة منها صالحة للتحليل الإحصائي والتي تم الإجابة على جميع فقراتها من قِبلهم، كما وتم استخدام عدد من الأدوات والأساليب الإحصائية لاختبار الفرضيات الخاصة بالبحث، وخلص البحث إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات أهمها: إن التنمر في مكان العمل يعد ظاهرةً معروفةً لدى منتسبي معاهد التأهيل في محافظة السليمانية ويتم قبوله كثقافة مكان عمل، وهم على استعداد لمواجهته ويعملون جاهداً لإدارة كل سلوكيات التنمر كهدف استراتيجي لمنظمتهم، وذلك من خلال وصف وتحليل إجاباتهم للفقرات المتعلقة بكِلا المتغيرين، واعتماداً على ذلك فقد قدم الباحثون مجموعة من المقترحات المنسجمة مع تلك الاستنتاجات لغرض الاستفادة منها من قِبل المنظمة المبحوثة.

 

پوختە

 ئامانجی سەرەكی توێژینەوەكە بریتیەلە تیشك خستنە سەر هەڵسوكەوتی خۆسەپاندن لە شوێنی كاركردن بەڕەهەندەكانی ( زارەكی، جەستەیی، پەیوەندی) كەڕووبەڕوی كارمەندانی پەیمانگای خاوەن پێداویستی تایبەت دەبیتەوە لە پارێزگاری سلیَمانی لە هەرێمی كوردستانی عێراق وە كاریگەری لەسەر چالاكی ڕێكخراو بە ڕەهەندەكانی (بەدەستهێنانی ئامانج، پڕۆسەی ناوەكی، پەیوەندی مرۆیی، چالاكی سيستەمی كراوە) ، هەروەها دانانی هێڵكاری گریمانەیی  كە پێكهاتوە لە گۆڕاوەكانی توێژینەوە و ڕەهەندەكانی لەگەل داڕشتنی ژمارەيه ك لە گریمانەی سەرەكی و لاوەكی ، بۆ ئەنجامدانی توێژینەوەكە پشتمان بەستوە بە فۆڕمی ڕاپرسی ئەلكترۆنی وەك ئامڕازیكی سەرەكی بۆ كۆكردنەوەی داتاكان كە نیَردراوە بۆ (102) كەس لەكارمەندانی پەیمانگا كە ژمارەیان بەنزیكەی (120) كارمەندە،وە گەڕانەوەی (100)  فوَرم كەشییاوە بۆ شیكاری ئاماری لەسەر وەڵام دانەوەی سەرجەم بڕگەكانی. وە هه نديَك ئامرازمان بەكار هێناوە بۆ تاقیكردنەوەی گریمانەكانی تایبەت بە توێژینەوەكە،وە لەكۆتایدا گەیشتین بە كۆمەڵيَك دەرئەنجام لە گرنگترینیان:هەلَسوكەوتی خۆسەپاندن لە شوێنی كاركردن دائەنرئ بە دیاردەیەكی زانراو لە لای كارمەندانی پەیمانگای ئامادەكاری لە پارێزگای سلێمانی كە ئەمە نیشانەی ڕازیبوونیانە وەك ڕوشنبیری شوینی كاركردن لە پەیمانگاكەیان لەبەر ئەوە ئامادەن بۆ ڕوبەڕوبوونەوەی،  وە كاركردن بە ئیدارەكردنی هەموو هەڵسوكەوتێكی خۆسەپاندن وەك ئامانجی ستراتیجی ڕێكخراوەكەیان. وەپشتبەستن بە دەرئەنجامەكانی شیكاری سەرجەم بڕگەكانی پەیوەست بە هەردوو گۆڕاوەكە،توێژەرەكان هەستان بە پێشكەشكردنی كۆمەڵيَك پێشنیار كە گونجاو بێت لەگەڵ دەرئەنجامەكان.
The environment of agricultural investment and its role in attracting agricultural investment in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq for the period 2010-2017
Authors: Abdullah Idrees Sulaiman , Haji Idrees Ramadhan
Published: March 2021

يتناول البحث دراسة واقع البيئة الاستثمارية في اقليم كوردستان العراق، واهم المحددات،والآفاق المستقبلية لخلق بيئة جاذبة للاستثمار في القطاع الزراعي. ومن اهم النتائج الت توصل اليها البحث أن البيئة الاستثمارية الزراعية في اقليم كوردستان العراق تحتاج إلى الكثير من الجهد الحكومي في مجال خلق وإيجاد عناصر الجذب والسعي لتقليل عناصر الطرد فيها، وتبني استراتيجيات واضحة تخص المقومات الأساسية للبيئة الاستثمارية وسياسة استثمارية تحدد الأولويات ودور القطاعين العام والخاص وغيرها. أما ابرز المقترحات فهي تبني الحكومة إستراتيجية طويل المدى والسعي الحكومي الى استثمارات ثنائية اومشتركة مع الدول التي لها باع طويل في الاستثمار الزراعي واجراء بعض التعديلات في قانون الاستثمار لصالح الاستثمار الزراعي لدوره في الامن الغذائي من جهة وخصوصية القطاع في ارتفاع نسبة المخاطرة من جهة اخرى .

 

پوختە

     ئەم توێژینەوەیە لێكۆلینەوەدەكات دەربارەی بارودۆخی ژینگەی وەبرهێنانی كشتوكاڵی لە هەرێمی كوردستان، لەگەڵ دیاری كردنی كرنگترین ئەو هۆكارانەی كە لە داهاتوودا دەبێتە هۆی دروستكردنی ژینگەیەكی لەبار بۆ ڕاكێشانی وەبەرهینەران لە كەرتی كشتەكاڵدا.وە كرنگترین ئەو دەرئەنجامانەی كە توێژینەوەكە پێگەیشتووە ،ئەوەیە كە ژینگەی وەبرهێنان لە هەرێمی كوردستان پێویستی بە هەوڵ و كۆششی زیاتری حكومەت هەیە بۆ ڕەخساندن و ڕاكێشان و دۆزینەوەی هۆیەكان و ڕاكێشانی زیاتری وەبرهێنان لە كەرتی كشتوكاڵدا،جا بۆیە پێویستە حكومەت ستراتیجیەكی ڕوونی هەبێت تایبەت بە وەبرهێنان وئەولەویەت بدرێت بە كەرتی كشتوكاڵ و دیاری كردنی ڕۆلی كەرتی گشتی و تایبەتی تێدا .وە دیارترین ئەو پێشنیازانەی كە توێژینەو پێگەیشتووە ئەوەیە كە حكومەت پێویستە پەیڕەوی ئیستراتیجەیەتی درێژخایەن بكات وە كرنگی بە وەبرهێنانی هاوبەش بداتوە بەتایبەتی لەگەڵ ئەو وڵاتانەی كە پێشكەوتون لە بواری كشتوكاڵی دا .لەگەڵ ئەمەشدا حكومەتی هەرێم پێویستە پێداجوونەوەبە یاسای وەبرهێنان بكات بە شێوەیەك لە قازانجی كەرتی كشتەكاڵی دا بێت .
Analyzing competing factors in Breast cancer by using Multistate model
Authors: Aziz Khanda Gharib , Murad Abbas Gul MuradBeg
Published: March 2021

يمكن تعريف تحليل البقاء على قيد الحياة بأنه حقل يدرس الفترة الزمنية حتى وقوع الحدث. ومع ذلك ، في بعض الحالات ، قد لا تكتسب هذه الأساليب السيطرة بشكل كافٍ على عملية المرض لأن تطور المرض قد يتضمن أحداثًا وسيطة مثيرة للاهتمام. لذلك فإن النماذج متعددة الحالات لها أحداث أو حالات متعددة ، والتي يمكن أن تعطي معرفة ووضوحًا أكبر لتطور المرض مما يوفره نموذج نقي لتحليل البقاء. الغرض الرئيسي من هذه الرسالة هو تقليل الغموض عن نظرية النموذج متعدد الحالات يعتمد على خاصية ماركوف لتقدير العوامل المتنافسة التي قد يكون لها تأثير على كمية جراحة المريض وتقدير شدة الانتقال واحتمالات الانتقال بين حالات مختلفة (عابرة وكذلك استيعاب) من مرضى سرطان الثدي. أخيرًا ، لكل عامل تأثيرات مختلفة على كل انتقال.    

 

پوختە

دەتوانرێت پێناسەى شيكارى هەوڵ دان بۆ مانەوە لە ژیان بکرێت  بەوەى کە لقێکە گرنگى دەدات بە شیکردنەوەى کات هەتا ڕووداوێک ڕوودەدات. وە لەگەڵ ئەوەشدا لە هەندێک حاڵەتدا ئەم بیردۆزە ناتوانێت بەتەواوى کۆنترۆڵى پرۆسەى نەخۆشی بکات. کە بەرەو پێشچوونى نەخۆشی چەندین ڕووداو قۆناغى گرنگ دەگرێتە خۆى. لەبەرئەوە بیردۆزى فرە هەنگاو چەندین حاڵەت و ڕووداوى گرنگى تێدایە کە زۆرترین زانیارى و بەرچاو ڕوونى زیاتر دەدات بە بەره وپێشچوونى نەخۆشیەکە وەک لەوەى لە شیکارى بیردۆزى هەوڵ دان بۆ مانەوە ژیان( تاك هەنگاو)  دەخرێتە ڕوو. ئامانجى سەرەکى لەم توێژینەوەیە کەم کردنەوەى ناڕوونى و زياتر ڕوونکردنەوەى  بیردۆزى فرە هەنگاوە بە پشبەستن بە تایبەتمەندى مارکوڤ بۆ ئەوەى خەمڵاندن بکرێت بۆ ئەو هۆکارانەى کە لەوانەیە کاریگەرى هەبێت لەسەر بڕى ئەونەشتەرگەریانەى کە دەکرێت بۆ ئەو کەسانەى شێرپەنجەى مەمکیان هەیە. هەروەها خەمڵاندن بکرێت بۆ تواناى گواستنەوە و ئەگەرى گواستنەوە لە بەینى حاڵەتە جیاوازەکان (حاڵەتى ناوەند و پڕ) بۆ نەخۆشانى شێرپەنجەى مەمک. لە کۆتاییدا هەریەکە لە هۆکارە کێبڕکێ کارەکان کاریگەرى جیاوازیان هەیە لەسەرگواستنەوە لە بەینى حاڵەتەکان.
Genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Sadvokasova M.A. , Azimkhanova B.A. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Аripova А.А. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Akparova A.Yu. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Bersimbaev R.I. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: March 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global chronic disease of the respiratory system. The formation of pathological changes in the lungs is primarily associated with the impact of harmful chemicals of the tobacco smoke on the epithelium of the respiratory tract. In addition to the activation of key COPD processes, an important role in the development of the disease played by genetic determinants and disruption of epigenetic regulation, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA expression. The article discusses the genetic and epigenetic aspects of COPD as a heterogeneous disease with a complex pathogenesis.
The structure of the populations of Crambe tаtaria Sebe´ok in the Aktobe Region
Authors:   ", Kuprijanov A.N. ,   Kuzbass Botanical garden",   Institute of Human ecology of the Federal research center of coal and coal chemistry of the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Turalin B.A. ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kurbatova N.V. ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kurmanbayeva M.S. ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Abidkulova K.T. ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Bazargaliyeva A.A. ,   Aktobe Regional State University named after K. Zhubanov
Published: March 2021

Crambe tаtaria Sebe´ok is one from four species of genus Crambe, which grow on the territory of Kazakhstan. This species is listed in Red Data Book of Kazakhstan as rare endangered species, and its natural habitats are chalk areas of west part of the country. The structure of seven populations of Crambe tаtaria was studied in the Aktobe Region. The optimum habitat conditions for this species are northern and northeast slopes of chalk uplands, chestnut and light-chestnut soils. In unfavorable conditions of summits and southern slopes of lime uplands, C. tаtaria can form invasive-regressive populations with the prevalence of virgin plants. The variation of the structure of the populations does not lead to a decrease in their resistance, which highlights high plasticity of the species within chalk uplands.
Biological properties of ordinary сhernozem and productivity of oilseed flax when applying the preparation «Agrobions» and mineral fertilizers
Authors:   Kokshetau State University named after Sh. Ualikhanova, Khusainov A.T. , Kyzdarbekova G.T. ,   Kokshetau State University named after Sh. Ualikhanova
Published: March 2021

Among the main processes of soil degradation is the depletion of organic carbon in the soil. Increasing soil fertility can reduce the risks of soil degradation and improve the environment. This article presents the results of a study of the biological properties of ordinary Chernozem and the yield of oilseed flax when applying the preparation «Agrobions» and mineral fertilizers. Field experiments were conducted on the experimental field Of the training and research and production center «Elite» of the Kokshetau state University named after sh.Ualikhanov. The microbiological activity of the soil was determined by the method of flax seed applicationand the microflora was taken into account by seeding the soil suspension on solid nutrient media. The effect of the preparation «Agrobions» in combination with mineral fertilizers on the composition of microflora, microbiological activity of common black soil and the yield of oilseed flax seeds was established. The preparation of «Agrobionov» in combination with mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the number of agronomically valuable groups of microorganisms and on the yield of oilseed flax.
New Insights into the Activation Mechanisms of AMPK
Authors:   Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Kazyken D.
Published: March 2021

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of energy status in the cell. Upon activation in response to metabolic stresses, AMPK maintains cellular energy balance by promoting energy generating catabolic pathways and suppressing ATP-consuming anabolic processes.Historically, AMP, ADP-induced allosteric change accompanied by Thr 172 at a subunit considered as the major mechanism of AMPK activation. In the last decade, our understanding of the mechanism of AMPK activation has significantly advanced. Recently several studies have showed that, glucose starvation – major type of energetic stress activates AMPK independently of AMP or ADP levels in the cell and regardless of phosphorylation status of Thr 172 at a subunit. More interestingly, small AMPK pools in the cellular compartments are regulated differently and distinctly targets downstream effectors.
Effect of ion-exchange sorbents and fly ash on increasing the tolerance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under salt stress
Authors:   Nazarbayev intellectual school of physics and mathematics, Mukhamejanova D. , Axyonova I.V. ,   Nazarbayev intellectual school of physics and mathematics, Ilyassova B.B. ,   L.N.Gumilyоv Eurasian National University, Omarov R.T. ,   L.N.Gumilyоv Eurasian National University
Published: March 2021

The sorbents’ ability to bind other substances has become one of the reasons for their active use for filtration and purification of industrial liquids. In this paper, using a model system of barley, the protective effect of sorbents for removing excess toxic salts from the medium was studied. Under saline conditions in the presence of sorbents, plants of Hordeum vulgare L. showed normal growth and development, as well as moderate activity of aldehydeoxidase, catalase and superoxidismutase. It was assumed that ion-exchange sorbents block the flow of Na + into the cell by absorbing the ions of toxic salts from the medium with the release of an equivalent number of plant-safe ions. This mechanism causes the absence of a hypersensitive response in experimental samples and weak development of oxidative stress. Fly ash was used as ameliorant in saline conditions. Emerged barley samples also showed minimal inhibition in the accumulation of dry mass. It was found that fly ash can act as a promising ameliorant that improves the biological and chemical state of the degraded soils
Molecular basis of radon-induced lung cancer
Authors:   Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Bersimbay R.I.
Published: March 2021

Lung cancer is the most common form of malignant neoplasia and is one of the leading causes of cancer death. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking. Exposure to radon leads to the death of cells of the bronchial epithelium of the lungs, which is accompanied by the release of a large amount of mitochondrial DNA. Free-circulating mitochondrial DNA (fc mtDNA) can serve as a kind of trigger for the transduction of pro-inflammatory signals in animal cells. The production of fc mtDNA can occur as a result of apoptosis processes. Any ionizing radiation, including alpha radiation, to which radon belongs, promotes the promotion of cell death both as a result of direct mechanical action on the cell due to reactive oxygen species (ROS), and due to the appearance of unrepairable damage to the genetic material. In addition, radon can alter the expression profile of miRNAs, which in turn can activate apoptosis and inflammation. Free-circulating mitochondrial DNA by activating the Nf-kb signaling pathway mediates the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, and as a result of this activation, inflammation develops, which is one of the key factors in lung cancer oncogenesis. This short review analyzes the molecular mechanisms of lung cancer associated with the carcinogenic effect of radon based on the analysis of the fc mtDNA level, the profile of the tissue-specific microRNA fraction, the level and spectrum of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines
Improvement of pomegranate (punica granatum l.) to cold resistant through in vitro mutation
Authors:   Institute of plant biology and biotechnology, Volkov D.V. , Аrgynbayeva А.M. ,   Institute of plant biology and biotechnology, Daurov D.L. ,   Institute of plant biology and biotechnology, Daurova А.K. ,   Institute of plant biology and biotechnology, Zhapar К.K. ,   Institute of plant biology and biotechnology, Kurenbayeva Zh.K. ,   Institute of plant biology and biotechnology, Abdrakhmanova A.B. ,   Institute of plant biology and biotechnology, Shamekova М.Kh. ,   Institute of plant biology and biotechnology, Zhambakin К.Zh. ,   Institute of plant biology and biotechnology
Published: March 2021

In Kazakhstan, a large pool of fruit trees is grown, one of which is the pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). The most significant limiting factor of pomegranate cultivation in Kazakhstan is the frosty winter, as well as low temperatures in spring and autumn. In order to obtain mutants resistant to low positive temperatures, chemical mutagenesis was used, with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) as the mutagen. Callus was treated with mutagen in vitro culture. In the Akdona cultivar, the survival rate of callus was 25.45% at the concentration of 3 µM of EMS mutagen, 31.67% at the concentration of 6 µM, and 24.35% at 9 µM. Plant regeneration was induced from mutagen-treated calluses. The resulting plants were exposed to low positive temperatures (4°C, for 30 days). After exposure to cold, the maximum survival rate of mutant plants of the Akdona cultivar was 58%, and the minimum survival rate was 3% for plants of the Pg1 line. The resulting mutant pomegranate plants will be used for breeding for cold resistance.
Optimization of in vitro cultivation conditions for rare and endangered species of Berberis iliensis and Berberis karkaralensis
Authors:   RSE «National Center for Biotechnology», Karimova V.K. , Baktybai B.N. ,   RSE «National Center for Biotechnology», Magzumova G.K. ,   RSE «National Center for Biotechnology», Sartbaev ZH. T. ,   RSI «Charyn State National Natural Park», Imanbaeva A.A. ,   RSE «Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden» KN MES RK, Kakimzhanova A.A. ,   RSE «National Center for Biotechnology»
Published: March 2021

Today, many living organisms are negatively affected by climate change and anthropogenic activities, which leads to a decrease in their numbers. One of these rare and endangered plant species is the Ili barberry (Berberis iliensis) and the Karkaraly barberry (Berberis karkaralensis). This work is devoted to the optimization study of the cultivation conditions for a rare and endangered species of Ili barberry and Karkaralinsky barberry in vitro. To obtain sterile and viable explants, the sterilizing agent was a solution of 0.5% «Domestos» (7 min). For the regeneration of the main shoot of the barberry, the optimal nutrient medium is Murashige and Skoogwith the addition of 6-benzylaminopurine- 0.5 mg/l, gibberellic acid- 1.0 mg/l, indole-3-butyric acid -0.01 mg/l, where regeneration was 80% for the Ili barberry, barberry karkaralinsky - 70%. For the multiplication of Berberis iliensis microshoots, the Quoirin & Lepoivre culture medium with the addition of 0.75 mg/l - benzylaminopurine is optimal; the number of microshoots formed was 3.6 per explant. Root formation is one of the most difficult stages in micropropagation. For the rooting of microshoots of Karkaralinsky barberry, a nutrient medium of ½ Murashige and Skoog was used with the addition of indolylbutyric acid -1.5 mg/l.
Features of growth of lichens in Burabay State National Park
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Abiyev S.A. , Bukabayeva Zh.T. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Karypbaeva N.Sh. ,   Astana International University
Published: March 2021

This article examines the lichen species of the Akmola region, including the Burabay State National Park and their biological and ecological features. The distribution of lichens in the territory of the Burabay State National Natural Park is due to many factors, including the degree of air pollution. In this regard, various species of lichens were collected in ecotopes by various plant communities in the Burabay district, along with systematic systematic identification and environmental impact assessment. Epiphytic, epileptic, epilation lichens are found on the territory of the Burabay State National Park. They are found in pine, mixed forests, as well as in plain and mountain natural plant communities. In addition to the diversity of ecotope lichens in the Burabay National Park, there are differences in the degree of their ecological growth and the degree of distribution of the national park.