bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous measurement of enzymatic kinetics in droplet flow for point-of-care monitoring
Authors: Hassan Sammer-ul , Nightingale Adrian M. , Niu Xize
Published: March 2016

We present a miniaturised, field-deployable multi-detector flow cell to analyse enzyme kinetics in microdroplets.
In situ generated highly active copper oxide catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction at low overpotential in alkaline solutions
Authors: Liu Xiang , Cui Shengsheng , Qian Manman , Sun Zijun , Du Pingwu
Published: March 2016

A highly active copper oxide catalyst film is generated in situ from copper(ii) diamine complex for oxygen evolution reaction with high performance and excellent durability in alkaline solutions.
Positron detection in silica monoliths for miniaturised quality control of PET radiotracers
Authors: Tarn Mark D. , Maneuski Dzmitry , Alexander Richard , Brown Nathaniel J. , O’Shea Val , Pimlott Sally L. , Pamme Nicole , Archibald Stephen J.
Published: March 2016

Real-time, high S/N radiodetection of the PET radiotracer, 68Ga-citrate, was achieved on a monolithic column using a miniaturised positron sensor.
Exploiting the equilibrium dynamics in the self-assembly of inorganic macrocycles based upon polyoxothiometalate building blocks
Authors: Zang Hongying , Surman Andrew , Long Deliang , Cronin Leroy , Miras Haralampos N.
Published: March 2016

Manipulation of the equilibrium dynamics allowed access to new thermodynamic minima and formation of two new inorganic macrocycles, {Mo16} = {(Mo2O2S2)8(OH)16(C4O4)2}4− and {Mo12} = {(Mo2O2S2)6(OH)12(CH3COO)2}2−.
Silica materials with wall-embedded nitroxides provide efficient polarization matrices for dynamic nuclear polarization NMR
Authors: Besson Eric , Ziarelli Fabio , Bloch Emily , Gerbaud Guillaume , Queyroy Séverine , Viel Stéphane , Gastaldi Stéphane
Published: March 2016

Hybrid silica materials with wall-embedded nitroxides efficiently polarize impregnated substrates in high-field dynamic nuclear polarization magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR experiments.
Thickness-dependent photocatalytic performance of graphite oxide for degrading organic pollutants under visible light
Authors: Oh Junghoon , Chang Yun Hee , Kim Yong-Hyun , Park Sungjin
Published: March 2016

This study reveals that photocatalytic activity of graphite oxide materials for degrading organic pollutants under visible light depends on their thickness.
Electrical double layer effects on ion transfer reactions
Authors: Lin Chuhong , Laborda Eduardo , Batchelor-McAuley Christopher , Compton Richard G.
Published: March 2016

The effects of the electrical double layer on ion transfer reactions and their voltammetry are investigatedviaGibbs energy surfaces.
Investigation of the active species in the carbon-supported gold catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination
Authors: Liu Xi , Conte Marco , Elias David , Lu Li , Morgan David J. , Freakley Simon J. , Johnston Peter , Kiely Christopher J. , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: March 2016

The active site for a Au/C catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination involves a Au+–Au3+couple.
Molecular imaging of biothiols and in vitro diagnostics based on an organic chromophore bearing a terbium hybrid probe
Authors: Zhou Zhan , Wang Qianming , Zhang Cheng Cheng , Gao Jinwei
Published: March 2016

In this research, a novel terbium-based luminescent hybrid inorganic/organic probe was designed and synthesized.
Highly efficient and reusable CNT supported iron(ii) catalyst for microwave assisted alcohol oxidation
Authors: Martins L. M. D. R. S. , Ribeiro A. P. C. , Carabineiro S. A. C. , Figueiredo J. L. , Pombeiro A. J. L.
Published: March 2016

The C-scorpoinate Fe(ii)complex immobilized on functionalized MWCNT provides a highly efficient, recyclable catalyst for neat conversion of alcohols into ketones.
Coordination complexes of niobium and tantalum pentahalides with a bulky NHC ligand
Authors: Bortoluzzi Marco , Ferretti Eleonora , Marchetti Fabio , Pampaloni Guido , Zacchini Stefano
Published: March 2016

The reactivity of niobium and tantalum pentahalides with a bulky NHC ligand is described, including the first crystallographic characterization of a Ta complex with a monodentate NHC ligand.
Synthesis of polyurethane-urea from double CO2-route oligomers
Authors: Ying Zhong , Wu Chaoyong , Jiang Shan , Shi Ruhui , Zhang Bin , Zhang Chao , Zhao Fengyu
Published: March 2016

Polyurethane-urea was prepared from double CO2-route oligomers of a polycarbonate diol and a polyurea oligomer. The fabricated polyurethane-urea with high flexibility and fine compatibility could act as a macromolecular plasticizer to have a wide application in plastic materials.
Fe-catalyzed synthesis of substituted N-aryl oxazolidines
Authors: Murru Siva , Lott Charles Seth , McGough Brandon , Bernard Dakota M. , Srivastava Radhey S.
Published: March 2016

An unprecedented Fe-catalyzed oxazolidine formation was observed from the reaction of allyl alcohols with arylhydroxylamines in presence of formaldehyde or its equivalents.
Porous silicon nano-aggregate from silica fume as an anode for high-energy lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Tianwen , Hu Lei , Liang Jianwen , Han Ying , Lu Yue , Zhu Yongchun , Qian Yitai
Published: March 2016

A porous silicon nano-aggregate (PSNA) has been synthesizedviaa solid-state reaction of silica fume and Mg2Si. It delivers a high reversible specific capacity and significant cycling stability.
Facile, tunable, and SERS-enhanced HEPES gold nanostars
Authors: Saverot S. , Geng X. , Leng W. , Vikesland P. J. , Grove T. Z. , Bickford L. R.
Published: March 2016

The facile, green synthesis of gold nanostars (AuNSs) with tunable branch lengths for SERS applications.
The UiO-66-SO3H metal–organic framework as a green catalyst for the facile synthesis of dihydro-2-oxypyrrole derivatives
Authors: Ghorbani-Vaghei Ramin , Davood Azarifar Davood Azarifar , Daliran Saba , Oveisi Ali Reza
Published: March 2016

The multicomponent domino reaction synthesis of dihydro-2-oxopyrroles has been performed using the sulfonated metal–organic framework, UiO-66-SO3H (UiO is the University of Oslo), as a highly efficient acid catalyst.
Improving the interfacial properties of carbon fibers/vinyl ester composites by vinyl functionalization on the carbon fiber surface
Authors: Zhang Xiuping , Liu Liu , Li Ming , Chang Yanjie , Shang Lei , Dong Jinglong , Xiao Linghan , Ao Yuhui
Published: March 2016

APMA functionalized CFs can significantly improve the interfacial adhesion properties of the carbon fiber reinforced vinyl ester resin composites.
Mesoporous MgO·Al2O3 nanopowder-supported meso–macroporous nickel catalysts: a new path to high-performance biogas reforming for syngas
Authors: Habibi Narges , Arandiyan Hamidreza , Rezaei Mehran
Published: March 2016

Mesoporous nanocrystalline MgO·Al2O3 powders with different MgO/Al2O3 molar ratios synthesized by a new and simple sol–gel route using C3H6O as a gelation agent exhibited high potential as support for nickel catalysts in biogas reforming.
Ultrasensitive and selective hydrazine sensor development based on Sn/ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Rahman Mohammed M. , Balkhoyor Hasan B. , Asiri Abdullah M.
Published: March 2016

Fabrication of highly sensitive (∼5.0108 μA cm−2 μM−1) and selective hydrazine chemical sensor based on wet-chemically prepared Sn/ZnO nanoparticles deposited glassy carbon electrodes with a detection limit as low as 18.95 ± 0.02 pM (at an S/N of 3).
Ruthenium-catalyzed direct arylations with aryl chlorides
Authors: Zha Gao-Feng , Qin Hua-Li , Kantchev Eric Assen B.
Published: March 2016

Aryl chlorides are readily available at lower cost than the corresponding bromides and iodides, but are much more challenging as substrates in metal-catalyzed cross-couplings.
Novel bodipy—cellulose nanohybrids for the production of singlet oxygen
Authors: Chauhan Prashant , Yan Ning
Published: March 2016

A novel hydrophilic carboxylated bodipy dye was synthesized and covalently attached to an amino nanocellulose. In presence of the light source, it was demonstrated that the resulting nanomaterial was capable of producing singlet oxygen.
Piezo-Hall effect in single crystal p-type 3C–SiC(100) thin film grown by low pressure chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Qamar Afzaal , Phan H.-P. , Dinh Toan , Wang Li , Dimitrijev Sima , Dao Dzung Viet
Published: March 2016

This article reports the first results on piezo-Hall effect in single crystal p-type 3C–SiC(100) Hall devices.
Correction: Ab initio simulations of defect-based magnetism: the case of CoSi nanowires
Authors: Liu Tai-Kang , Chiou Shan-Haw , Lierop Johan van , Ouyang Chuenhou (Hao)
Published: March 2016

Correction for ‘Ab initio simulations of defect-based magnetism: the case of CoSi nanowires’ by Tai-Kang Liu et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 23634–23639.
C1, a highly potent novel curcumin derivative, binds to tubulin, disrupts microtubule network and induces apoptosis
Authors: Srivastava Shalini , Mishra Satyendra , Surolia Avadhesha , Panda Dulal
Published: March 2016

We have synthesized a curcumin derivative, 4-{5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acryloyl]-3-oxo-penta-1,4-dienyl}-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (C1) that displays much stronger antiproliferative activity against various types of cancer cells including multidrug resistance cells than curcumin. C1 depolymerized both interphase and mitotic microtubules in MCF-7 cells and also inhibited the reassembly of microtubules in these cells. C1 inhibited the polymerization of purified tubulin, disrupted the lattice structure of microtubules and suppressed their GTPase activity in vitro. The compound bound to tubulin with a dissociation constant of 2.8±1 μM and perturbed the secondary structures of tubulin. Further, C1 treatment reduced the expression of Bcl2, increased the expression of Bax and down regulated the level of a key regulator of p53, murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) (S166), in MCF-7 cells. C1 appeared to induce p53 mediated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, C1 showed more stability in aqueous buffer than curcumin. The results together showed that C1 perturbed microtubule network and inhibited cancer cells proliferation more efficiently than curcumin. The strong antiproliferative activity and improved stability of C1 indicated that the compound may have a potential as an anticancer agent.
Double‐sampled ΔΣ modulator with 1.5‐bit FIR feedback DAC for reduced noise folding and increased power efficiency
Authors: Choi Moo‐Yeol , Roh Hyung‐Dong , Lee Yong‐Hee , Park Ho‐Jin , Kong Bai‐Sun
Published: March 2016

A double‐sampled delta‐sigma modulator (DSM) with a 1.5‐bit finite impulse response (FIR) feedback digital‐to‐analogue converter (DAC) is proposed to avoid noise folding due to the mismatch between feedback paths. The proposed DSM allows the use of the sharing input‐sampling capacitor configuration in a switched‐capacitor integrator, resulting in lower kT/C noise, smaller area and lower power consumption. It also shapes only the frequency response of the feedback DAC output without modifying the noise transfer function to avoid the signal‐to‐quantisation noise ratio (SQNR) degradation of conventional techniques. Evaluation results indicate that the proposed double‐sampled DSM achieves a 101.5 dB SQNR with 30% lower power and 20% reduced area as compared with conventional double‐sampled DSMs.
Low‐power charge‐steering phase interpolator
Authors: Elnaqib A. , Ibrahim S.A.
Published: March 2016

The demand for low‐power equalisation at high data rates in serial‐link receivers has prioritised the issue of power consumption. This high demand has also involved the phase‐locked loop (PLL) and clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits. This propelled efforts to further optimise the PLLs and CDRs building blocks and to pursue low‐power solutions. A charge‐based phase interpolator (PI) is presented. It employs charge‐steering circuits in order to reduce the power typically consumed by its current‐based counterpart. Implemented in 65‐nm CMOS technology, a 6‐bit charge‐based PI consumes 180 μW at 1–V supply and 5‐GHz clock.
Tracking of Morse sets for 2D bounded time‐dependent vector fields
Authors: Kong Longxing , Tang Xiaoan , Zhang Junda , Wang Li
Published: March 2016

Morse sets are more numerically stable than the conventional topology. However, the tracking of Morse sets is a missing part for the analysis of time‐dependent vector fields. This Letter proposes a novel tracking method of Morse sets for 2D bounded time‐dependent vector fields. The critical triangle is defined and detected by a robust combinatorial way. The forward and backward image of a critical triangle can be acquired by the mapping search strategy. Finally, the tracking method of Morse sets is proposed based on their images. Experimental results demonstrate the availability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Partial boundedness analysis: a state‐space transformation method for reshaping the estimated domain of stability
Authors: Liu Xiuchong , Wang Zhanshan , Chu Enhui , Zhang Huaguang
Published: March 2016

This study focuses on the problem of the state upper bound estimation for linear systems subject to amplitude‐bounded disturbances. A state‐space transformation method is proposed to reshape the estimated domain of stability, which is used to analyse the upper bound of a part of system states. By analysing the estimated domains of stability corresponding to different quadratic Lyapunov functions (QLFs), a universal expression for the upper bounds of a part of system states is obtained. By minimising the universal expression, an appropriate QLF is designed to gain the less conservative estimation on the upper bound of a part of system states. The proposed method provides a novel way of constructing and selecting the appropriate QLF to obtain the less conservative results on the upper bound of a part of system states. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated by two examples.
Corrections to ‘Mixed control of time‐varying stochastic discrete‐time systems under uniform detectability’
Authors: Zhang Weihai , Lin Yaning , Zhao Yong
Published: March 2016

This note first points out some errors of the above mentioned paper [1], and then presents a complete proof for Lemma 1‐(i) in [1].
Boundary feedback stabilisation for the time fractional‐order anomalous diffusion system
Authors: Ge Fudong , Chen YangQuan , Kou Chunhai
Published: March 2016

In this study, the authors attempt to explore the boundary feedback stabilisation for an unstable heat process described by fractional‐order partial differential equation (PDE), where the first‐order time derivative of normal reaction–diffusion equation is replaced by a Caputo time fractional derivative of order α∈(0, 1]. By designing an invertible coordinate transformation, the system under consideration is converted into a Mittag–Leffler stability linear system and the boundary stabilisation problem is transformed into a problem of solving a linear hyperbolic PDE. It is worth mentioning that with the help of this invertible coordinate transformation, they can explicitly obtain the closed‐loop solutions of the original problem. The output feedback problem with both anti‐collocated and collocated actuator/sensor pairs in one‐dimensional domain is also presented. A numerical example is given to test the effectiveness of the authors' results.
Active fault tolerant control design for uncertain strict‐feedback non‐linear systems
Authors: Shahriari‐kahkeshi Maryam , Sheikholeslam Farid
Published: March 2016

This study proposes an active fault tolerant control (FTC) scheme for uncertain strict‐feedback non‐linear systems. Changes in the system dynamics due to faults are modelled as unknown non‐linear functions of the measurable state variables. The scheme is composed of fault detection and estimation (FDE) module, accommodation mechanism and nominal controller based on the dynamic surface control (DSC). The FDE module, composed of a diagnostic estimator and an adaptive non‐linear‐in parameter (NLIP) approximator, generates the residual signal, detects and estimates fault simultaneously. Robust adaptive laws are derived for learning all parameters of an adaptive NLIP approximator. After FDE, accommodation mechanism uses the generated fault information to construct the corrective control law to compensate the fault effects. The proposed active FTC system detects and estimates unknown fault and constructs a corrective control law to reduce the effects of fault on the system without the need for fault isolation module. Unlike most of the traditional active FTC schemes, the proposed scheme requires no prior knowledge about the faulty situations, offline computational cost and fault isolation module. It is proven that all signals of the closed loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Advanced unified decentralised control method with voltage restoration for DC microgrids
Authors: Xia Yanghong , Peng Yonggang , Hu Huiyong , Wang Yu , Wei Wei
Published: March 2016

This study introduces an advanced decentralised control method for DC microgrids which can be adopted both in the grid‐connected mode and the islanded mode with a small change. Compared with the conventional droop control methods, there are three improvements in this proposed control method. First, in the grid‐connected mode, the proposed control method can output the specified current, which is useful for the economic dispatch of the microgrid. Second, in the islanded mode, the proposed control method can realise accurate current sharing among distributed generations (DGs). Third, in the islanded mode, the proposed control method can directly restore the average voltage of the bus without the extra secondary control, which can ensure the power quality and reduce the complexity of the control system. The high reliability of the proposed control method is illustrated by the analysis of the stability. Also, the time‐delay effect caused by the finite bandwidth of the communication network is analysed and the limited bandwidth of the communication network can be calculated out. All the conclusions are verified by the corresponding simulation tests based on MATLAB/Simulink, also the real‐time hardware‐in‐loop tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the control method when applied practically.
Measurement uncertainty limit analysis of biased estimators in RFID multiple tags system
Authors: Yu Yinshan , Yu Xiaolei , Zhao Zhimin , Liu Jialing , Wang Donghua
Published: March 2016

In the measurement of real radio frequency identification (RFID) system, due to the relative and absolute systematic errors, biased estimators do happen in the practical measurement, which are difficult to be analysed. In order to get effective biased estimators, the linear and nonlinear functions in the measurement of RFID tags are taken as a paradigm to study the equivalence between the bias‐corrected estimators and biased estimators. The measurement curve of optimum distribution angles of multiple tags is analysed in particular based on Fisher information determinant (FID), which could be used to evaluate the optimum performance of multiple RFID tags system. The results demonstrate the bias‐corrected estimators of the single tag’s reading distance and multiple tags’ measurement curve of optimum distribution angles in RFID system could be obtained by calculating the corresponding biased estimators. Particularly, the biased estimator of multiple tags’ measurement curve of optimum distribution angles reaches the CRB when and only when the bias‐corrected estimator reaches its corresponding CRB. Finally, the general expression of the biased CRB case in UHF RFID measurement is obtained. This study could be used as an evaluation tool for the measurement uncertainty limit of biased estimators.
The first troglobitic species of Gymnobisiidae (Pseudoscorpiones : Neobisioidea), from Table Mountain (Western Cape Province, South Africa) and its phylogenetic position
Authors: Harvey Mark S. , Huey Joel A. , Hillyer Mia J. , McIntyre Erin , Giribet Gonzalo
Published: March 2016

Fully troglobitic pseudoscorpions are rare in the Afrotropical Region, and we explored the identity and phylogenetic relationships of specimens of a highly modified troglobite of the family Gymnobisiidae in the dark zone of the Wynberg Cave system, on Table Mountain, South Africa. This large pseudoscorpion – described as Gymnobisium inukshuk Harvey & Giribet, sp. nov. – lacks eyes and has extremely long appendages, and has been found together with other troglobitic fauna endemic only to this cave system. Phylogenetic analyses using the nuclear ribosomal genes 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA and the mitochondrial protein-encoding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I unambiguously place the new species with other surface Gymnobisium from South Africa. This placement receives strong support and is stable to analytical treatments, including static and dynamic homology, parsimony and maximum likelihood, and data removal for ambiguously aligned sites. This species is the first troglobitic species of the family and one of the most highly modified pseudoscorpions from the Afrotropical Region. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5227092B-A64B-4DB3-AD90-F474F0BA6AED
Intramolecular allosteric communication in dopamine D2 receptor revealed by evolutionary amino acid covariation
Authors: Sung Yun-Min , Wilkins Angela D. , Rodriguez Gustavo J. , Wensel Theodore G. , Lichtarge Olivier
Published: March 2016

Significance

Characterizing relationships among protein structure, function, and evolution requires understanding the evolutionary constraints on each constituent residue of a protein. Previous studies have shown that structural information can be retrieved from evolutionary residue covariation in protein families. However, whether the evolutionary history in protein sequences informs on functional interactions between nonadjacent residues has been unclear. Here, we developed a method that uses evolutionary amino acid covariation to infer functionally coupled residue pairs in the dopamine D2 receptor. We discovered functional coupling between residue pairs that have coevolved mainly to control responses to dopamine and maintain them at wild-type levels. Our findings demonstrate the possibility of extracting the networks of intramolecular allosteric communication from evolutionary residue covariation patterns.
Tagging Response and Postspawning Movements of Pacific Herring, a Small Pelagic Forage Fish Sensitive to Handling
Authors: Eiler John H. , Bishop Mary A.
Published: March 2016

Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii are an important forage fish in the northern Pacific Ocean and support commercial fisheries throughout the region, although numerous populations have experienced pronounced declines in abundance. Acoustic telemetry can enhance our understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of depressed herring populations. However, herring are extremely sensitive to handling. During 2012–2013, we tagged 94 adult herring with acoustic transmitters on their spawning grounds in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The handling and tagging methods were specifically designed to minimize physical injuries and stress. Receiver arrays located near the spawning area (2012–2013) and at the principal entrances into the sound from the Gulf of Alaska (2013) were used to track the postspawning movements of the fish. The herring responded well to the tagging procedures. Most were subsequently detected by the arrays, ranging from 88.0% in 2012 to 92.8% in 2013, when the entire tracking system was operational. Forty‐three (67.2%) of the 64 fish detected during 2013 were recorded near entrances to the sound, representing minimum travel distances of 50–180 km. Initial movements during the spring and summer were generally to the southwest and mirrored the prevailing currents, but a number of fish were subsequently observed moving east, including one individual detected near the spawning area during the late fall and winter. Larger herring were more frequently detected near the entrances to the sound. Although it is possible that smaller fish exhibit different migratory patterns, the lower detection rate may also suggest that these individuals were adversely affected by the tagging. Our findings suggest that large‐scale telemetry studies on pelagic forage fish such as herring are feasible. These data provide new insights into the migratory patterns of herring and present an opportunity to address ongoing questions related to the factors affecting the status and recovery of depressed populations.

Received June 19, 2015; accepted November 24, 2015
Managing Dynamic Fisheries with Static Regulations: an Assessment of Size-Graded Bag Limits for Recreational Kokanee Fisheries
Authors: Askey P. J.
Published: March 2016

Recreational fisheries regulations are set as static individual level restrictions, but fish populations and fisheries are dynamic. Therefore, evaluation of any recreational regulatory regime should consider the interaction between static regulations and dynamic fish populations. From this perspective, it is clear that traditional harvest regulations such as bag limits are ineffective as a conservation measure or harvest optimization strategy. The objectives of this study were to: (1) review basic theory on how bag limits influence exploitation rates as fish populations fluctuate; (2) investigate the potential applicability of a different approach, referred to as size-graded bag limits, that sets a schedule of different bag limits for different size thresholds; (3) apply the approach with a realistic model based on actual fishery data for kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka through simulation and discuss relevance to other fisheries. Regulation simulation indicated that there are improved regulatory alternatives when a fish population exhibits density-dependent growth and anglers primarily target a single cohort. Size-graded bag limits or a simple maximum retention size better approximate optimal and sustainable harvest regimes than do bag limits in this scenario. This was most relevant to productive fisheries, which are more likely to be overharvested due to angler affinity to fish size. However, catchability is a highly influential variable that was not well defined by available data. It is plausible that most (or all) kokanee fisheries are self-regulating if catchability is at the low range of estimated values. There are practical limitations to implementing size-graded bag limits as a strategy for individual waterbodies, but the protocol may be well suited to a regional perspective.

Received May 27, 2015; accepted October 22, 2015 Published online March 16, 2016
Bubble Curtain Deflection Screen Diverts the Movement of both Asian and Common Carp
Authors: Zielinski D. P. , Sorensen P. W.
Published: March 2016

Bubble curtains are a relatively simple type of behavioral deterrent that produces acoustic and hydrodynamic fields that could serve as a management tool to reduce movement of Asian carp species in many locations. In a proof-of-concept laboratory study, we tested whether two Asian carp species, the Silver Carp Hypopthalmichthys molitrix and the Bighead Carp H. nobilis, will avoid bubble curtains, and to the same extent as the Common Carp Cyprinus carpio, which has a similarly specialized hearing system. We explored the theory and application of a bubble curtain deflection screen using a split-passage experimental channel equipped with angled bubble curtains while mapping both pressure and particle motion (sound) fields. The bubble curtain reduced passage of all three species through the experimental channel by 73–80% while producing sound between 100 and 1000 Hz at 145 dB, well within the hearing range of all three carp. While Common Carp were diverted to an unblocked channel, the Asian carp species reduced overall swimming activity, suggesting a slightly greater overall sensitivity. These results suggest bubble curtains could serve as viable and inexpensive deterrent systems to inhibit the movement of both Asian carp and Common Carp into shallow waters while having minimal impacts on other fish.

Received June 10, 2015; accepted November 12, 2015 Published online March 16, 2016
Theory of emergence: introducing a model-centred approach to applied social science research
Authors: Yezdani Omer , Sanzogni Louis , Poropat Arthur
Published: March 2016

This paper explores a model-centred approach to augment the development and refinement of the theory of emergence. Its focus is on the relational process of leadership as an emergent event in complex human organisations. Emergence in complex organisations is a growing field of inquiry with many remaining research opportunities, yet a number of its central themes continue to be loosely connected to practical application and reliant on equivocal translations from root meaning. This paper offers a novel model of semantic conceptualisation of theory and phenomena with simulations to strengthen the theory–model–phenomenon link, building on the work of previous authors. Strengthening this link yields numerous applications, including making sense of complex organisational dynamics and supporting a wide range of theory-building research methods in applied social science and interdisciplinary research. The paper begins with a reflection on the main ideas of the theory of emergence, followed by discussion on prevalent model-centred approaches. A programme of semantic conceptualisation to expand real-world application of the theory of emergence is proposed.
Initial Detection and Molecular Characterization of Namaycush Herpesvirus (Salmonid Herpesvirus 5) in Lake Trout
Authors: Glenney Gavin W. , Barbash Patricia A. , Coll John A.
Published: March 2016

A novel herpesvirus was found by molecular methods in samples of Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush from Lake Erie, Pennsylvania, and Lake Ontario, Keuka Lake, and Lake Otsego, New York. Based on PCR amplification and partial sequencing of polymerase, terminase, and glycoprotein genes, a number of isolates were identified as a novel virus, which we have named Namaycush herpesvirus (NamHV) salmonid herpesvirus 5 (SalHV5). Phylogenetic analyses of three NamHV genes indicated strong clustering with other members of the genus Salmonivirus, placing these isolates into family Alloherpesviridae. The NamHV isolates were identical in the three partially sequenced genes; however, they varied from other salmonid herpesviruses in nucleotide sequence identity. In all three of the genes sequenced, NamHV shared the highest sequence identity with Atlantic Salmon papillomatosis virus (ASPV; SalHV4) isolated from Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar in northern Europe, including northwestern Russia. These results lead one to believe that NamHV and ASPV have a common ancestor that may have made a relatively recent host jump from Atlantic Salmon to Lake Trout or vice versa. Partial nucleotide sequence comparisons between NamHV and ASPV for the polymerase and glycoprotein genes differ by >5% and >10%, respectively. Additional nucleotide sequence comparisons between NamHV and epizootic epitheliotropic disease virus (EEDV/SalHV3) in the terminase, glycoprotein, and polymerase genes differ by >5%, >20%, and >10%, respectively. Thus, NamHV and EEDV may be occupying discrete ecological niches in Lake Trout. Even though NamHV shared the highest genetic identity with ASPV, each of these viruses has a separate host species, which also implies speciation. Additionally, NamHV has been detected over the last 4 years in four separate water bodies across two states, which suggests that NamHV is a distinct, naturally replicating lineage. This, in combination with a divergence in nucleotide sequence from EEDV, indicates that NamHV is a new species in the genus Salmonivirus.

Received April 20, 2015; accepted October 11, 2015
Efficient production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) fromPseudomonas mendocinaPSU using a biodiesel liquid waste (BLW) as the sole carbon source
Authors: Chanasit Wankuson , Hodgson Brian , Sudesh Kumar , Umsakul Kamontam
Published: March 2016

Conditions for the optimal production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) by Pseudomonas mendocina PSU using a biodiesel liquid waste (BLW) were determined by response surface methodology. These were an initial carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) of 40 (mole/mole), an initial pH of 7.0, and a temperature of 35 °C. A biomass and PHA concentration of 3.65 g/L and about 2.6 g/L (77% DCW), respectively, were achieved in a growth associated process using 20 g/L glycerol in the BLW after 36 h of exponential growth. The PHA monomer compositions were 3HB (3-hydroxybutyrate), a short-chain-length-PHA, and the medium-chain-length-PHA e.g. 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 3-hydroxydecanoate. Both the phbC and phaC genes were characterized. The phbC enzyme had not been previously detected in a Pseudomonas mendocina species. A 2.15 g/L of an exopolysaccharide, alginate, was also produced with a similar composition to that of other Pseudomonas species.
Substantial decrease in cell wall α-1,3-glucan caused by disruption of the kexB gene encoding a subtilisin-like processing protease in Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Mizutani Osamu , Shiina Matsuko , Yoshimi Akira , Sano Motoaki , Watanabe Takeshi , Yamagata Youhei , Nakajima Tasuku , Gomi Katsuya , Abe Keietsu
Published: March 2016

Disruption of the kexB encoding a subtilisin-like processing protease in Aspergillus oryzae (ΔkexB) leads to substantial morphological defects when the cells are grown on Czapek-Dox agar plates. We previously found that the disruption of kexB causes a constitutive activation of the cell wall integrity pathway. To understand how the disruption of the kexB affects cell wall organization and components, we analyzed the cell wall of ΔkexB grown on the plates. The results revealed that both total N-acetylglucosamine content, which constitutes chitin, and chitin synthase activities were increased. Whereas total glucose content, which constitutes β-1,3-glucan and α-1,3-glucan, was decreased; this decrease was attributed to a remarkable decrease in α-1,3-glucan. Additionally, the β-1,3-glucan in the alkali-insoluble fraction of the ΔkexB showed a high degree of polymerization. These results suggested that the loss of α-1,3-glucan in the ΔkexB was compensated by increases in the chitin content and the average degree of β-1,3-glucan polymerization.
A simplified vector system for visualization of localized RNAs in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Takeuchi-Andoh Tomoko , Ohba Sayaka , Shinoda Yu , Fuchita Ayako , Hayashi Sachiko , Nishiyoshi Emi , Terouchi Nobuyuki , Tani Tokio
Published: March 2016

RNA localization is an important event that is essential for the polarization and differentiation of a cell. Although several methods are currently used to detect localized RNAs, a simplified detection system has not yet been developed for Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In the present study, we describe a new vector system for the visualization of localized RNAs in S. pombe using a U1A-tag-GFP system. A pREP1-U1A-tag vector plasmid to express U1A-tagged RNA and a pREP2-U1AGFP plasmid to produce a U1A-GFP fusion protein were constructed for this system. Since the U1A-GFP protein binds U1A-tagged RNA, fluorescence is observed at the location of U1A-tagged RNA in cells expressing both of these. The nucleolar localization of U3 snoRNA was successfully detected using this system, and a novel RNA localized at the DNA region of the nucleus was found by screening localized RNAs. This system will accelerate the study of localized RNAs in S. pombe.
Domain-specific interference between storage and processing in complex span is driven by cognitive and motor operations
Authors: Thalmann Mirko , Oberauer Klaus
Published: March 2016

The role of domain-specific interference in the complex-span paradigm is still controversial. Here we distinguish two operations within the processing task of this paradigm—a cognitive operation to solve the task and a motor operation to give the answer. Their domain-specific interference with maintenance was investigated within the complex-span paradigm. Presentation of the memoranda—six words or four spatially distributed dots—was interleaved with the presentation of letter pairs to be processed. Cognitive operation domain was manipulated by asking participants to make either a rhyme judgment or a symmetry judgment for each letter pair. Motor operation domain was varied by requiring a response by either speaking or pointing. Cognitive load was held constant. Cognitive and motor operation showed separate domain-specific effects on memory: Visuospatial memory was impaired more by visuospatial than verbal cognitive operations and more by manual–spatial than oral motor operations. In contrast, verbal memory performance was worse when verbal cognitive operations and oral motor operations were executed. The results are discussed in relation to the multicomponent model, the time-based resource-sharing (TBRS) model, and the Serial Order in a Box–Complex-Span (SOB-CS) model. They imply that models of working memory must incorporate mechanisms that allow for domain-specific interference in the verbal and the visuospatial domain.
Post-Encoding Emotional Arousal Enhances Consolidation of Item Memory, But not Reality-Monitoring Source Memory
Authors: Wang Bo , Sun Bukuan
Published: March 2016

The current study examined whether the effect of post-encoding emotional arousal on item memory extends to reality-monitoring source memory and, if so, whether the effect depends on emotionality of learning stimuli and testing format. In Experiment 1, participants encoded neutral words and imagined or viewed their corresponding object pictures. Then they watched a neutral, positive, or negative video. The 24-hour delayed test showed that emotional arousal had little effect on both item memory and reality-monitoring source memory. Experiment 2 was similar except that participants encoded neutral, positive, and negative words and imagined or viewed their corresponding object pictures. The results showed that positive and negative emotional arousal induced after encoding enhanced consolidation of item memory, but not reality-monitoring source memory, regardless of emotionality of learning stimuli. Experiment 3, identical to Experiment 2 except that participants were tested only on source memory for all the encoded items, still showed that post-encoding emotional arousal had little effect on consolidation of reality-monitoring source memory. Taken together, regardless of emotionality of learning stimuli and regardless of testing format of source memory (conjunction test vs. independent test), the facilitatory effect of post-encoding emotional arousal on item memory does not generalize to reality-monitoring source memory.
Unlikely mobilisations: how ordinary Russian people become involved in collective action
Authors: Clément Karine
Published: March 2016

This paper analyses the dynamics of grassroots mobilisation in contemporary Russia. Based on data from ethnographic studies conducted in two life spheres – the home and the workplace – the analysis shows how ordinary Russian people who have no particular propensity towards activism may adopt a new way of feeling, thinking and acting. The mobilisation process is highly problematic in an apolitical society such as Russia. Building on interactionism and pragmatic sociology, the study stresses the importance of ‘testing moments’ in one's immediate environment that trigger collective action via day-to-day, emotional conversations. Many intertwined dynamics underlie the mobilisation process, including the appropriation of common places, the making of communities, the rise of collective empowerment and the dynamics of experiencing activism. Drawing on Goffman's frame analysis, the process of individual involvement in collective action is conceptualised as a reframing process. Overall, the process of becoming an activist is shown to be remarkably pragmatic and experiential, unfolding through practices and interactions that are often small-scale.
Education-based thinking and acting? Towards an identity perspective for studying education differentials in public opinion and political participation
Authors: Spruyt Bram , Kuppens Toon
Published: March 2016

Ever since scholars started studying public opinion and political acting, they have reported substantial educational differences. Much debate remains, however, about how to interpret these differences. Recently a number of scholars using a variety of terms and theoretical reasoning have proposed interpretations that suggest education has become a source of (inter)group processes. Against this background, the objective of this paper is twofold. First, we reflect on this stream of thought, arguing that it provides a starting-point for the development of a new approach for studying educational differentials. This would be centred around the proposition that the central and highly institutionalised nature of education in contemporary societies paves the way for education-based (inter-)group acting and thinking. Starting from this, secondly, we attempt to take stock of existing research, propose a research agenda, and provide data that illustrates a starting-point for the research we propose.
Kinetic entropy inequality and hydrostatic reconstruction scheme for the Saint-Venant system
Authors: Audusse Emmanuel , Bouchut François , Bristeau Marie-Odile , Sainte-Marie Jacques
Published: March 2016

A lot of well-balanced schemes have been proposed for discretizing the classical Saint-Venant system for shallow water flows with nonflat bottom. Among them, the hydrostatic reconstruction scheme is a simple and efficient one. It involves the knowledge of an arbitrary solver for the homogeneous problem (for example, Godunov, Roe, kinetic, etc.). If this solver is entropy satisfying, then the hydrostatic reconstruction scheme satisfies a semi-discrete entropy inequality. In this paper we prove that, when used with the classical kinetic solver, the hydrostatic reconstruction scheme also satisfies a fully discrete entropy inequality, but with an error term. This error term tends to zero strongly when the space step tends to zero, including solutions with shocks. We also prove that the hydrostatic reconstruction scheme does not satisfy the entropy inequality without error term.
Differential introgression suggests candidate beneficial and barrier loci
between two parapatric subspecies of Pearson′s horseshoe bat Rhinolophus
pearsoni
Authors: Mao Xiuguang , Zhang Shuyi , Rossiter Stephen J.
Published: March 2016

Observations that rates of introgression between taxa can vary across loci are increasingly common. Here, we test for differential locus-wise introgression in 2 parapatric subspecies of Pearson′s horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus pearsoni chinensis and R. p. pearsoni). To efficiently identify putative speciation genes and/or beneficial genes in our current system, we used a candidate gene approach by including loci from X chromosome that are suggested to be more likely involved in reproductive isolation in other organisms and loci underlying hearing that have been suggested to spread across the hybrid zone in another congeneric species. Phylogenetic and coalescent analyses were performed at 2 X-linked, 4 hearing genes, as well as 2 other autosomal loci individually. Likelihood ratio tests could not reject the model of zero gene flow at 2 X-linked and 2 autosomal genes. In contrast, gene flow was supported at 3 of 4 hearing genes. While this introgression could be adaptive, we cannot rule out stochastic processes. Our results highlight the utility of the candidate gene approach in searching for speciation genes and/or beneficial genes across the species boundary in natural populations.
Incorporating landscape metrics into invertebrate fisheries management: case study of the gooseneck barnacle in Asturias (N. Spain)
Authors: Rivera Antonella , Gelcich Stefan , García-Flórez Lucía , Acuña José Luis
Published: March 2016

Landscape components can affect all the important biological processes of invertebrate populations, including their harvest quality, yet they are rarely considered in fisheries management frameworks. Here, we explore landscape, economic and ecologic variables to demonstrate that landscape metrics can be a valuable component in the management of sessile invertebrate fisheries. We developed a map-derived model that links landscape variables with the quality of a fishing resource, using five topographical variables—coastal convexity, orientation, complexity, exposure, and distance from the coast—all but the latter were tested at 23 different spatial scales. The model was ground-truthed using the case study of the gooseneck barnacle fishery in Asturias (N. Spain). Distance from the coast, coastal convexity on a scale of 25 km and exposure on a scale of 1 km appear to be driving the quality of the resource. Our model can predict high-quality gooseneck barnacle fishing zones with 72% accuracy. Moreover, we used a 10-year time-series of gooseneck barnacle landings and sales to analyse the impact of quality on the fishery. Fishers have a bias towards harvesting high-quality gooseneck barnacles, which are sold at higher market values. Thus, quality directly affects landings and sales. Our results highlight the interest of incorporating landscape metrics in fisheries management to generate and support spatially explicit conservation and exploitation policies.
Evaluation of the intake of radon through skin from thermal water
Authors: Sakoda Akihiro , Ishimori Yuu , Tschiersch Jochen
Published: March 2016

The biokinetics of radon in the body has previously been studied with the assumption that its absorption through the skin is negligibly small. This assumption would be acceptable except in specific situations, such as bathing in a radon hot spring where the radon concentration in thermal water is far higher than that in air. The present study focused on such a situation in order to better understand the biokinetics of radon. To mathematically express the entry of radon through the skin into the body, we first modified the latest sophisticated biokinetic model for noble gases. Values of an important parameter for the model—the skin permeability coefficient K (m s −1 )—were derived using data from previous human studies. The analysis of such empirical data, which corresponded to radon concentrations in the air exhaled by subjects during and following bathing in radon-rich thermal water, revealed that the estimated K values had a log-normal distribution. The validity of the K values and the characteristics of the present model are then discussed. Furthermore, the impact of the intake of radon or its progeny via inhalation or skin absorption on radiation dose was also assessed for possible exposure scenarios in a radon hot spring. It was concluded that, depending on the radon concentration in thermal water, there might be situations in which the dose contribution resulting from skin absorption of radon is comparable to that resulting from inhalation of radon and its progeny. This conclusion can also apply to other therapeutic situations (e.g. staying in the pool for a longer period).
Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex
Authors: Marso Lori
Published: March 2016

Simone de Beauvoir’s 1949 masterpiece, The Second Sex, is rarely considered a canonical text worthy of being studied within the history of political thought. Even within feminist scholarship, although it is often cited or acknowledged, only short excerpts, usually the introduction, are read carefully. This essay argues that the reception of The Second Sex has been marred by overly emotional and ambivalent responses, in part a result of its literary style. The Second Sex is written as a situated dramaturgical staging of conversation. Beauvoir puts men into conversation about women in Volume I and invites women into conversation with each other about their experiences in Volume II. These literary techniques invite readers of The Second Sex to also participate in the conversation, a conversation Beauvoir hopes will change the way we see and talk about sexual difference, conditions of oppression, and how to enlarge the space for freedom.