bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health IT Usability Focus Section: Data Use and Navigation Patterns among Medical ICU Clinicians during Electronic Chart Review
Authors: Nolan Matthew , Siwani Rizwan , Helmi Haytham , Pickering Brian , Moreno-Franco Pablo , Herasevich Vitaly
Published: January 2018

Background A detailed understanding of electronic health record (EHR) workflow patterns and information use is necessary to inform user-centered design of critical care information systems. While developing a longitudinal medical record visualization tool to facilitate electronic chart review (ECR) for medical intensive care unit (MICU) clinicians, we found inadequate research on clinician–EHR interactions.

Objective We systematically studied EHR information use and workflow among MICU clinicians to determine the optimal selection and display of core data for a revised EHR interface.

Methods We conducted a direct observational study of MICU clinicians performing ECR for unfamiliar patients during their routine daily practice at an academic medical center. Using a customized manual data collection instrument, we unobtrusively recorded the content and sequence of EHR data reviewed by clinicians.

Results We performed 32 ECR observations among 24 clinicians. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) chart review duration was 9.2 (7.3–14.7) minutes, with the largest time spent reviewing clinical notes (44.4%), laboratories (13.3%), imaging studies (11.7%), and searching/scrolling (9.4%). Historical vital sign and intake/output data were never viewed in 31% and 59% of observations, respectively. Clinical notes and diagnostic reports were browsed ≥10 years in time for 60% of ECR sessions. Clinicians viewed a median of 7 clinical notes, 2.5 imaging studies, and 1.5 diagnostic studies, typically referencing a select few subtypes. Clinicians browsed a median (IQR) of 26.5 (22.5–37.25) data screens to complete their ECR, demonstrating high variability in navigation patterns and frequent back-and-forth switching between screens. Nonetheless, 47% of ECRs begin with review of clinical notes, which were also the most common navigation destination.

Conclusion Electronic chart review centers around the viewing of clinical notes among MICU clinicians. Convoluted workflows and prolonged searching activities indicate room for system improvement. Using study findings, specific design recommendations to enhance usability for critical care information systems are provided.
Patient Self-Management of Asthma Using Mobile Health Applications: A Systematic Review of the Functionalities and Effects
Authors: Farzandipour Mehrdad , Nabovati Ehsan , Sharif Reihane , Arani Marzieh , Anvari Shima
Published: January 2018

Objective The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence regarding the effects of mobile health applications (mHealth apps) for self-management outcomes in patients with asthma and to assess the functionalities of effective interventions.

Methods We systematically searched Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We included English-language studies that evaluated the effects of smartphone or tablet computer apps on self-management outcomes in asthmatic patients. The characteristics of these studies, effects of interventions, and features of mHealth apps were extracted.

Results A total of 10 studies met all the inclusion criteria. Outcomes that were assessed in the included studies were categorized into three groups (clinical, patient-reported, and economic). mHealth apps improved asthma control (five studies) and lung function (two studies) from the clinical outcomes. From the patient-reported outcomes, quality of life (three studies) was statistically significantly improved, while there was no significant impact on self-efficacy scores (two studies). Effects on economic outcomes were equivocal, so that the number of visits (in two studies) and admission and hospitalization-relevant outcomes (in one study) statistically significantly improved; and in four other studies, these outcomes did not improve significantly. mHealth apps features were categorized into seven categories (inform, instruct, record, display, guide, remind/alert, and communicate). Eight of the 10 mHealth apps included more than one functionality. Nearly all interventions had the functionality of recording user-entered data and half of them had the functionality of providing educational information and reminders to patients.

Conclusion Multifunctional mHealth apps have good potential in the control of asthma and in improving the quality of life in such patients compared with traditional interventions. Further studies are needed to identify the effectiveness of these interventions on outcomes related to medication adherence and costs.
The Effectiveness of Hands-on Health Informatics Skills Exercises in the Multidisciplinary Smart Home Healthcare and Health Informatics Training Laboratories
Authors: Sapci A. , Sapci H.
Published: January 2018

Objective This article aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of newly established innovative smart home healthcare and health informatics laboratories, and a novel laboratory course that focuses on experiential health informatics training, and determine students' self-confidence to operate wireless home health monitoring devices before and after the hands-on laboratory course.

Materials and Methods Two web-based pretraining and posttraining questionnaires were sent to 64 students who received hands-on training with wireless remote patient monitoring devices in smart home healthcare and health informatics laboratories.

Results All 64 students completed the pretraining survey (100% response rate), and 49 students completed the posttraining survey (76% response rate). The quantitative data analysis showed that 95% of students had an interest in taking more hands-on laboratory courses. Sixty-seven percent of students had no prior experience with medical image, physiological data acquisition, storage, and transmission protocols. After the hands-on training session, 75.51% of students expressed improved confidence about training patients to measure blood pressure monitor using wireless devices. Ninety percent of students preferred to use a similar experiential approach in their future learning experience. Additionally, the qualitative data analysis demonstrated that students were expecting to have more courses with hands-on exercises and integration of technology-enabled delivery and patient monitoring concepts into the curriculum.

Conclusion This study demonstrated that the multidisciplinary smart home healthcare and health informatics training laboratories and the hands-on exercises improved students' technology adoption rates and their self-confidence in using wireless patient monitoring devices.
Analyzing Relationship between Four Teacher Competence Areas and Commitment to Teaching
Authors: McKim Aaron J. , Sorenson Tyson J. , Velez Jonathan J. , Henderson Thomas M.
Published: January 2018

The success of education depends on highly competent teachers committed to stay in the teaching profession. In agricultural education, the need for teachers committed to teaching agriculture is heightened by the identified shortage of teachers. Previous research has linked teacher competence, most commonly operationalized as self-efficacy, and commitment to teaching. However, research has not explored the relationship between specific teacher competence areas in agricultural education and commitment to teaching. In this study, we explored the relationship between four discipline-specific competence areas (i.e., intra-curricular facilitation, pedagogy, program management, and technical knowledge) and commitment to teaching among school-based agriculture teachers. First, teacher competence in the four areas were compared by career phase, with statistically different levels of intra-curricular facilitation competence identified among teachers with varying levels of teaching experience. Therefore, career phase was included when analyzing the relationship between teacher competence and commitment to teaching. The final model, predicting commitment to teaching, was statistically significant. One of the four competence areas, technical knowledge, was identified as a statistically significant, positive predictor of commitment to teaching. The findings are discussed along with implications for teacher education and recommendations for further research.
Assessing Tennessee Livestock Producers' Awareness, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Right-of-Way Hay Harvesting
Authors: Greer Sarah Joy F. , Stripling Christopher T. , Griffith Andrew P. , Stephens Carrie Ann
Published: January 2018

Tennessee Statute 54-5-134, Cutting Hay Along Controlled Access Highway Right-of-Way, provided agriculturalists the right to harvest hay along interstate highways’ and other controlled access roads’ medians and shoulders. Maintenance of these medians and shoulders are routinely contracted to private mowing companies and funded by Tennessee taxpayers. As a result of the Tennessee statute and lack of empirical information, a questionnaire was used to assess livestock producers’ awareness, attitudes, and barriers concerning right-of-way hay harvesting. We found 7.2% of surveyed livestock producers were aware of their right to this resource, but none of the producers had applied for a permit. While livestock producers were highly innovative in terms of general agricultural practices, they were moderate in attitude towards right-of-way hay harvesting. Attributes leading to a more positive attitude toward right-of-way hay harvest were: (a) the ability to sell hay harvested from right-of-ways, (b) willing to pay someone else to cut hay from right-ofways, and (c) currently purchasing hay. Alternatively, an attribute leading to a more negative attitude was currently feeding alfalfa mix hay. There is moderate interest among livestock producers to utilize hay from right-of-ways, but further research and education is needed to explore the practicality of this innovation.
A Comparative Analysis of College Readiness Assessment Results of Illinois High School Agriculture Students
Authors: Mouser David M. , Sheng Zhaohui , Thoron Andrew C. , Baker Andy , Bacon Kevin J.
Published: January 2018

Agricultural education is defined by a best practice three-component model of instruction that includes a classroom experience, leadership development and FFA involvement, and an experiencebased activity through a Supervised Agricultural Experience program (SAE). Based on program of activities award criteria, each year state FFA associations recognize top chapters with gold or silver emblem designations. This quantitative study provides a comparison of eleventh grade Illinois agriculture students from Gold and Silver Emblem FFA chapters to all Illinois eleventhgrade students on college assessments. In addition, it provides a comparison of Illinois agriculture students from Gold and Silver Emblem FFA chapters to all juniors tested from the same schools. Student identification numbers were securely collected from agriculture instructors and principals at qualifying schools and data were compiled by the office of the state board of education. The assessment results were analyzed and compared to determine if there were statistically significant differences that emerged between selected agriculture students and their peers using the ACT assessment designed to measure college readiness. Results indicated that the selected group of agriculture students are as college ready as their peers. Further analysis indicated that female agriculture students perform at a higher level than their peers on college readiness assessments.
A Quasi-Experimental Examination: Cognitive Sequencing of Instruction Using Experiential Learning Theory for STEM Concepts in Agricultural Education
Authors: Smith Kasee L. , Rayfield John
Published: January 2018

Understanding methods for effectively instructing STEM education concepts is essential in the current climate of education (Freeman, Marginson, & Tyler 2014). Kolb’s experiential learning theory (ELT) outlines four specific modes of learning, based on preferences for grasping and transforming information. This quasi-experimental study was conducted to test the effect of cognitive sequencing of instruction in the dimension of grasping information through ELT. Two units of STEM-enhanced instruction were develop, each with two separate sequences; one with concepts presented beginning with a concrete experience and moving to an abstract conceptualization and the other in the opposite sequence. Introductory agricultural science courses in four Texas high schools were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups (n = 121). This experiment utilized a crossover design to allow each student to experience both cognitive sequences (Shadish, Cook, & Campbell, 2002). This portion of a larger study examined the independent variables of cognitive sequence of instruction and student preference for grasping information in relation to the dependent variables of student change score from pretest to posttest for both units of instruction. Findings indicated significant interactions on both units of instruction between student preference for grasping information and cognitive sequence of instruction.
Experiences of Agricultural Education Preservice Teachers Engaging in Critical Friendships
Authors: Sellick Sable , Shoulders Catherine W. , Johnson Donald M. , Goodwin H.L.
Published: January 2018

As teachers search for ways to improve their craft through reflection, critical friendships have proven to be effective at improving preservice and inservice teachers’ reflective behaviors. This qualitative study sought to understand the experiences of agricultural education preservice teachers participating in critical friendships with other agricultural education majors and with teachers in other disciplines. After three weeks of engaging in critical friendships, analysis of discussions between critical friends and interviews with participants indicated that, while the critical friendships were perceived as helpful, their utility was dependent on specific conditions within the teachers’ settings. Additionally, preservice agriculture teachers engaged in different types of discussions when working with peers within or outside the discipline. The findings and implications from this study can assist teacher educators in developing parameters for critical friendships that can ensure their effective use and success within agricultural education
Feedback effects of boundary-layer meteorological factors on cumulative explosive growth of PM2.5 during winter heavy pollution episodes in Beijing from 2013 to 2016
Authors: Zhong Junting , Zhang Xiaoye , Dong Yunsheng , Wang Yaqiang , Liu Cheng , Wang Jizhi , Zhang Yangmei , Che Haochi
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In January 2013, February 2014, December 2015 and December 2016
to 10 January 2017, 12 persistent heavy aerosol pollution episodes
(HPEs) occurred in Beijing, which received special attention from the public. During the HPEs, the precise
cause of PM2.5 explosive growth (mass concentration at least doubled in
several hours to 10 h) is uncertain. Here, we analyzed and estimated relative
contributions of boundary-layer meteorological factors to such growth, using
ground and vertical meteorological data. Beijing HPEs are generally
characterized by the transport stage (TS), whose aerosol pollution formation
is primarily caused by pollutants transported from the south of Beijing, and
the cumulative stage (CS), in which the cumulative explosive growth of
PM2.5 mass is dominated by stable atmospheric stratification
characteristics of southerly slight or calm winds, near-ground anomalous
inversion, and moisture accumulation. During the CSs, observed southerly weak
winds facilitate local pollutant accumulation by minimizing horizontal
pollutant diffusion. Established by TSs, elevated PM2.5 levels scatter
more solar radiation back to space to reduce near-ground temperature,
which very likely causes anomalous inversion. This surface cooling by
PM2.5 decreases near-ground saturation vapor pressure and increases
relative humidity significantly; the inversion subsequently reduces vertical
turbulent diffusion and boundary-layer height to trap pollutants and
accumulate water vapor. Appreciable near-ground moisture accumulation
(relative humidity> 80 %) would further enhance aerosol hygroscopic growth and
accelerate liquid-phase and heterogeneous reactions, in which incompletely
quantified chemical mechanisms need more investigation. The positive
meteorological feedback noted on PM2.5 mass explains over 70 % of cumulative
explosive growth.
Evaluation and uncertainty analysis of regional-scale CLM4.5 net carbon flux estimates
Authors: Post Hanna , Hendricks Franssen Harrie-Jan , Han Xujun , Baatz Roland , Montzka Carsten , Schmidt Marius , Vereecken Harry
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Modeling net ecosystem exchange (NEE) at the regional scale with land surface models (LSMs) is relevant for the estimation of regional carbon balances, but studies on it are very limited. Furthermore, it is essential to better understand and quantify the uncertainty of LSMs in order to improve them. An important key variable in this respect is the prognostic leaf area index (LAI), which is very sensitive to forcing data and strongly affects the modeled NEE. We applied the Community Land Model (CLM4.5-BGC) to the Rur catchment in western Germany and compared estimated and default ecological key parameters for modeling carbon fluxes and LAI. The parameter estimates were previously estimated with the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach DREAM(zs) for four of the most widespread plant functional types in the catchment. It was found that the catchment-scale annual NEE was strongly positive with default parameter values but negative (and closer to observations) with the estimated values. Thus, the estimation of CLM parameters with local NEE observations can be highly relevant when determining regional carbon balances. To obtain a more comprehensive picture of model uncertainty, CLM ensembles were set up with perturbed meteorological input and uncertain initial states in addition to uncertain parameters. C3 grass and C3 crops were particularly sensitive to the perturbed meteorological input, which resulted in a strong increase in the standard deviation of the annual NEE sum (σ ∑ NEE) for the different ensemble members from  ∼ 2 to 3 g C m−2 yr−1 (with uncertain parameters) to  ∼ 45 g C m−2 yr−1 (C3 grass) and  ∼ 75 g C m−2 yr−1 (C3 crops) with perturbed forcings. This increase in uncertainty is related to the impact of the meteorological forcings on leaf onset and senescence, and enhanced/reduced drought stress related to perturbation of precipitation. The NEE uncertainty for the forest plant functional type (PFT) was considerably lower (σ ∑ NEE ∼ 4.0–13.5 g C m−2 yr−1 with perturbed parameters, meteorological forcings and initial states). We conclude that LAI and NEE uncertainty with CLM is clearly underestimated if uncertain meteorological forcings and initial states are not taken into account.
Distribution and rates of nitrogen fixation in the western tropical South Pacific Ocean constrained by nitrogen isotope budgets
Authors: Knapp Angela N. , McCabe Kelly M. , Grosso Olivier , Leblond Nathalie , Moutin Thierry , Bonnet Sophie
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Constraining the rates and spatial distribution of di-nitrogen (N2) fixation fluxes to the ocean informs our understanding of the environmental sensitivities of N2 fixation as well as the timescale over which the fluxes of nitrogen (N) to and from the ocean may respond to each other. Here we quantify rates of N2 fixation as well as its contribution to export production along a zonal transect in the Western Tropical South Pacific (WTSP) Ocean using N isotope (δ15N) budgets. Comparing measurements of water column nitrate + nitrite δ15N with the δ15N of sinking particulate N at a western, central, and eastern station, these δ15N budgets indicate high, modest, and low rates of N2 fixation at the respective stations. The results also imply that N2 fixation supports exceptionally high, i.e., > 50 %, of export production at the western and central stations, which are also proximal to the largest iron sources. These geochemically-based rates of N2 fixation are equal to or greater than those previously reported in the tropical North Atlantic, indicating that the WTSP Ocean has the capacity to support globally significant rates of N2 fixation, which may compensate for N removal in the oxygen deficient zones of the eastern tropical Pacific.
Nutrient availability and the ultimate control of the biological carbon pump in the Western Tropical South Pacific Ocean
Authors: Moutin Thierry , Wagener Thibaut , Caffin Mathieu , Fumenia Alain , Gimenez Audrey , Baklouti Melika , Bouruet-Aubertot Pascale , Pujo-Pay Mireille , Leblanc Karine , Lefevre Dominique , Helias Nunige Sandra , Leblond Nathalie , Grosso Olivier , de Verneil Alain
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Surface waters (0–200 m) of the western tropical South Pacific (WTSP) were sampled along a longitudinal 4000 km transect (OUTPACE cruise, 18 Feb., 3 Apr. 2015) during the stratified period between the Melanesian Archipelago (MA) and the western part of the SP gyre (WGY). Two distinct areas were considered for the MA, the western MA (WMA) and the eastern MA (EMA). The main carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) pools and fluxes allow for characterization of the expected trend from oligotrophy to ultra-oligotrophy, and to build first-order budgets at the daily and seasonal scales (using climatology). Sea surface chlorophyll a reflected well the expected oligotrophic gradient with higher values obtained at WMA, lower values at WGY and intermediate values at EMA. As expected, the euphotic zone depth, the deep chlorophyll maximum and nitracline depth deepen from west to east. Nevertheless, phosphaclines and nitraclines did not match. The decoupling between phosphacline and nitracline depths in the MA allows excess P to be locally provided in the upper water by winter mixing. We found a significant biological soft tissue carbon pump in the MA sustained almost exclusively by N2 fixation and essentially controlled by phosphate availability in this iron-replete environment. The MA appears to be a net sink for atmospheric CO2 while the WGY is in quasi steady state. We suggest that the necessary excess P, allowing the success of nitrogen fixers and subsequent carbon production and export, is mainly brought to the upper surface by local deep winter convection at an annual scale rather than by surface circulation. We also suggest that mesozooplankton diel vertical migration plays a dominant role in the transfer of carbon from the upper surface to deeper water in the MA. While the origin of the decoupling between phosphacline and nitracline remains uncertain, the direct link between local P upper waters enrichment, N2 fixation, organic carbon production and export, offers a possible shorter time scale than previously thought between N input by N2 fixation and carbon export. The low iron availability in the SP gyre and P availability in the MA during the stratified period may appear as the ultimate control of N input by N2 fixation. Because of the huge volume of water to consider and because the SP Ocean is the place of intense denitrification in the east (N sink) and N2 fixation in the west (N source), precise seasonal C, N, P budgets would be of prime interest to understand the efficiency, at the present time, and in the future, of the oceanic biological carbon pump.
Albrecht Penck: Vorbereiter und Wegbereiter der NS-Lebensraumpolitik?
Authors: Schultz Hans Dietrich
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Albrecht Penck was one of the eminent representatives of Quaternary research in the first half of the twentieth century. But apart from this, there was a political-geographical side to Penck, which, since 1945, has long been ignored or downplayed by geographers. Today, given his concept of Volks- und Kulturboden, he is considered as having ushered in German geography the völkisch (ethno-nationalistic) turn. Thus, critics say, he paved the way for Nazi Lebensraum policies and became an accomplice in the resulting crimes. The present contribution examines Penck's political-geographical worldview and reaches an ambivalent conclusion regarding the accusations.
Modulation of glacier ablation by tephra coverage from Eyjafjallajökull and Grímsvötn volcanoes, Iceland: an automated field experiment
Authors: Möller Rebecca , Möller Marco , Kukla Peter A. , Schneider Christoph
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We report results from a field experiment investigating the influence of
volcanic tephra coverage on glacier ablation. These influences are known to
be significantly different from those of moraine debris on glaciers due to
the contrasting grain size distribution and thermal conductivity. Thus far, the influences
of tephra deposits on glacier ablation have rarely been studied. For
the experiment, artificial plots of two different tephra types from
Eyjafjallajökull and Grímsvötn volcanoes were installed on a
snow-covered glacier surface of Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland.
Snow-surface lowering and atmospheric conditions were monitored in summer
2015 and compared to a tephra-free reference site. For each of the two
volcanic tephra types, three plots of variable thickness (∼ 1.5,
∼ 8.5 and ∼ 80 mm) were monitored. After limiting the records to
a period of reliable measurements, a 50-day data set of hourly records was
obtained, which can be downloaded from the Pangaea data repository
(https://www.pangaea.de; doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.876656). The experiment
shows a substantial increase in snow-surface lowering rates under the
∼ 1.5 and ∼ 8.5 mm tephra plots when compared to uncovered
conditions. Under the thick tephra cover some insulating effects could be
observed. These results are in contrast to other studies which depicted
insulating effects for much thinner tephra coverage on bare-ice glacier
surfaces. Differences between the influences of the two different
petrological types of tephra exist but are negligible compared to the effect
of tephra coverage overall.
Evaluating and improving modeled turbulent heat fluxes across the North American
Great Lakes
Authors: Charusombat Umarporn , Fujisaki-Manome Ayumi , Gronewold Andrew D. , Lofgren Brent M. , Anderson Eric J. , Blanken Peter D. , Spence Christopher , Lenters John D. , Xiao Chuliang , Fitzpatrick Lindsay E. , Cutrell Gregory
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Turbulent fluxes of latent and sensible heat are important physical processes that influence the energy and water budgets of the North American Great Lakes. Validation and improvement of bulk flux algorithms to simulate these turbulent heat fluxes are critical for accurate prediction of lake hydrodynamics, water levels, weather, and climate over the region. Here we consider five heat flux algorithms from three parent model systems; the Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM, with three different options for heat flux algorithm), the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and the Large Lake Thermodynamics Model, which are used in research and operational environments and concentrate on different aspects of the Great Lakes’ physical system. The heat flux algorithms were isolated from each model and driven by meteorological data from four over-lake stations within the Great Lakes Evaporation Network (GLEN). The simulation results were then compared with eddy covariance flux measurements from the same GLEN sites. All algorithms reasonably reproduced the seasonal cycle of the turbulent heat fluxes while the original algorithms except for the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) algorithm showed notable overestimation of the fluxes in fall and winter. Overall, COARE had the best agreement with eddy covariance measurements. Simulations with the four algorithms other than COARE were improved by updating the parameterization of roughness length scales for air temperature and humidity to match those used in COARE. Agreement between modeled and observed fluxes notably varied according to the geographic locations of the GLEN sites.
Evaluation of digital soil mapping approaches with large sets of environmental covariates
Authors: Nussbaum Madlene , Spiess Kay , Baltensweiler Andri , Grob Urs , Keller Armin , Greiner Lucie , Schaepman Michael E. , Papritz Andreas
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The spatial assessment of soil functions requires maps of basic soil properties. Unfortunately, these are either missing for many regions or are not available at the desired spatial resolution or down to the required soil depth. The field-based generation of large soil datasets and conventional soil maps remains costly. Meanwhile, legacy soil data and comprehensive sets of spatial environmental data are available for many regions.Digital soil mapping (DSM) approaches relating soil data (responses) to environmental data (covariates) face the challenge of building statistical models from large sets of covariates originating, for example, from airborne imaging spectroscopy or multi-scale terrain analysis. We evaluated six approaches for DSM in three study regions in Switzerland (Berne, Greifensee, ZH forest) by mapping the effective soil depth available to plants (SD), pH, soil organic matter (SOM), effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), clay, silt, gravel content and fine fraction bulk density for four soil depths (totalling 48 responses). Models were built from 300–500 environmental covariates by selecting linear models through (1) grouped lasso and (2) an ad hoc stepwise procedure for robust external-drift kriging (georob). For (3) geoadditive models we selected penalized smoothing spline terms by component-wise gradient boosting (geoGAM). We further used two tree-based methods: (4) boosted regression trees (BRTs) and (5) random forest (RF). Lastly, we computed (6) weighted model averages (MAs) from the predictions obtained from methods 1–5.Lasso, georob and geoGAM successfully selected strongly reduced sets of covariates (subsets of 3–6 % of all covariates). Differences in predictive performance, tested on independent validation data, were mostly small and did not reveal a single best method for 48 responses. Nevertheless, RF was often the best among methods 1–5 (28 of 48 responses), but was outcompeted by MA for 14 of these 28 responses. RF tended to over-fit the data. The performance of BRT was slightly worse than RF. GeoGAM performed poorly on some responses and was the best only for 7 of 48 responses. The prediction accuracy of lasso was intermediate. All models generally had small bias. Only the computationally very efficient lasso had slightly larger bias because it tended to under-fit the data. Summarizing, although differences were small, the frequencies of the best and worst performance clearly favoured RF if a single method is applied and MA if multiple prediction models can be developed.
The Greater Caucasus Glacier Inventory (Russia, Georgia and Azerbaijan)
Authors: Tielidze Levan G. , Wheate Roger D.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. There have been numerous studies of glaciers in the Greater Caucasus, but
none that have generated a modern glacier database across the whole mountain
range. Here, we present an updated and expanded glacier inventory at three
time periods (1960, 1986, 2014) covering the entire Greater Caucasus.
Large-scale topographic maps and satellite imagery (Corona, Landsat 5, Landsat 8
and ASTER) were used to conduct a remote-sensing survey of glacier change, and
the 30 m resolution Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM; 17 November 2011) was used to determine the aspect,
slope and height distribution of glaciers. Glacier margins were mapped
manually and reveal that in 1960 the mountains contained 2349 glaciers with
a total glacier surface area of 1674.9 ± 70.4 km2. By 1986,
glacier surface area had decreased to 1482.1 ± 64.4 km2
(2209 glaciers), and by 2014 to 1193.2 ± 54.0 km2
(2020 glaciers). This represents a 28.8 ± 4.4 %
(481 ± 21.2 km2) or 0.53 % yr−1 reduction in total
glacier surface area between 1960 and 2014 and an increase in the rate of
area loss since 1986 (0.69 % yr−1) compared to 1960–1986
(0.44 % yr−1). Glacier mean size decreased from 0.70 km2 in
1960 to 0.66 km2 in 1986 and to 0.57 km2 in 2014. This new
glacier inventory has been submitted to the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) database and can be used as a basis
data set for future studies.
The Minority Languages Dilemmas in Turkey: A Critical Approach to an Emerging Literature
Authors: Ozfidan Burhan , Burlbaw Lynn , Aydin Hasan
Published: January 2018

Turkey comprises many ethnic groups other than Turks including, but not limited to, Armenians, Assyrians, Alevi, Arabs, Circassians, Greeks, Kurds, Laz, and Zaza. These groups are ethnically different from Turks and were incorporated into the Ottoman Empire’s eastern provinces with de facto autonomy. The main objective of this study is to illustrate the need for a language curriculum and identify the obstacles that minority groups encountered in Turkey. This study examines three large communities: Arabs, Kurds, and Laz. The results indicate that minority people in Turkey who had poor Turkish language education were unable to learn their mother tongue within the formal educational settings from the foundation of the republic until 2012. Some of the ethnic groups’ languages, such as Laz, Kurdish, and Arabic, were started at schools as elective courses, but few, if any, textbooks written in these languages exist.
Consultoría en empresa de marketing: clima organizacional y satisfacción laboral
Authors: Prado Gamboa Carmen Alicia
Published: January 2018

El presente estudio muestra el análisis del clima organizacional y la satisfacción laboral de una Pequeña y Mediana Empresa (Pyme) del sector servicio enfocada a actividades de marketing, el cual tiene como propósito diagnosticar áreas de oportunidad que brindaran mejoras en la productividad de los empleados al corregir los aspectos indeseables.  La investigación se considera cuantitativa, con alcance correlacional, manejando un diseño de tipo no experimental transaccional. El instrumento de recolección de información fue una encuesta de escala Likert de 5, manejando la satisfacción de 50 reactivos, aplicadas a todo el personal administrativo de las áreas que componen la empresa en cada sucursal, dando un total de 31 participantes. Los resultados obtenidos fueron principalmente la presencia de inconformidad respecto al liderazgo que se emplea en la organización e insatisfacción con el sueldo recibido en conjunto con la ausencia de incentivos. En conclusión, se requiere la aplicación de un tabulador de salarios que establezca de acuerdo a las actividades desarrolladas el sueldo que corresponde a cada puesto, la implementación de incentivos y la restructuración del horario de trabajo. Todos estos cambios proporcionaran mejoras en la productividad de los trabajadores y por lo tanto beneficios directos para la empresa.
“They can crush you”: Nursing students’ experiences of bullying and the role of faculty
Authors: Seibel L. Michelle , Fehr Florriann Carissa
Published: January 2018

This paper will explore the faculty role when nursing students experience bullying, and what teaching practices best support student confidence and learning. Failure to address the issue of bullying in nursing education contributes to bullying in the profession, and creates an atmosphere of distrust between students and faculty. Nursing students have reported that faculty sometimes behave in bullying ways or are ill-prepared to address bullying as it occurs. Faculty may contribute to bullying unknowingly, as students may perceive teaching behaviours, such as giving feedback, as bullying. Giving feedback is a skill in itself, and faculty members should consider factors influencing a student’s perception of student/teacher interactions. Having a firm grasp on conflict resolution processes and reviewing related curriculum are responsibilities of post-secondary nurse educators. Faculty also have the responsibility to recognize and address conflict in a timely manner, and turn difficult situations into learning experiences or teachable moments. In order to prevent faculty bullying of students, faculty members should acknowledge the inherent vulnerability of learners, and also reflect on their own communication practices and their potential impact on learners.
Aspectos machistas na organização do conhecimento: a representação da mulher em instrumentos documentários
Authors: Sousa Brisa Pozzi de , Tolentino Vinicius De Souza
Published: January 2018

Introdução: Abordar o tema mulher justifica-se pela forma como esse assunto tem desencadeado transformações que precisam ser compreendidas pela Organização do Conhecimento (OC), envolvendo tanto o aspecto temático quanto descritivo. A investigação não pode estar desvinculada do contexto social, pois os limites e as definições acerca do tema não são fixos e indefiníveis e necessita de discussões. Objetivos: Consiste na análise de descritores (nos tesauros) e de regras (no AACR2r) que suscitem a indicação de representações machistas, pois se torna imprescindível que profissionais tenham olhar crítico sobre o uso dos referidos instrumentos. Metodologia: Analisa a representação com foco na mulher, em três diferentes instrumentos: o Tesauro para Estudos de Gênero e Sobre Mulheres (TEG), o Tesauro Jurídico do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (TJ STJ) e o Anglo American Cataloguing Rules, 2ª edição (AACR2r). Para averiguar o que se propõe, a sistematização do referencial teórico consiste no delineamento sobre OC, a mulher e os instrumentos. Resultados: As análises demonstram posturas machistas nos recortes investigados, permitindo constatar a necessidade de revisão dos três instrumentos, demandando atualização dos conceitos para que os descritores e as regras mantenham-se coerentes com a (re)configuração social livre de preconceito. Conclusões: Se o processo de representação for imbuído de preconceitos, tanto pelo fato do instrumento não ser atualizado ou por desconhecimento em relação ao domínio gênero, o impacto surtirá efeito negativo no público usuário.
SUPPORTING INNOVATION FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE
OF LOAN FUND „DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN MALOPOLSKA”
Authors: Chęcińska-Zaucha Agnieszka , Gródek-Szostak Zofia , Siguencia Luis Ochoa
Published: January 2018

The aim of the study is to analyze the determinants and effects of tourism development support from the
funds of the loan fund. The objective of the study was to determine the level of usefulness of loan support
for the development of rural tourism.The development of the tourism sector is becoming more and more
important in society, and it must be emphasized that it is not a homogeneous and compact economy, but a
complex one. In turn, the development of the sector of loan funds is one of the instruments implementing
the socio-economic policy of the country. It allows you to invest in areas that are socially and economically
important and which, due to the various regulations, requirements or adopted strategies, have a difficult
access to external funding.
DISTRIBUTION OF BEER IN MICRO AND SMALL BREWERIES IN POLAND
Authors: Maszkowski Wiktor , Wysokiński Marcin
Published: January 2018

The research purpose of the article is to identify specific features regarding the distribution of craft
beer in micro and small breweries in Poland. The research was conducted in 2015 using a questionnaire.
The questionnaire was sent to 95 micro and small breweries, which accounted for almost 77% of all such
facilities in Poland. 20 entities answered, which accounted for 21% of the surveyed breweries, and 16%
of all such facilities in Poland. On the basis of the conducted research it was stated i.a.that the number
of micro and small breweries in Poland is increasing every year, their share in the beer market is also
increasing and all predictions indicate that this trend will not change. It was also observed that the
distribution of beer varies depending on the type of small and microbrewery.
THE DIRECTION OF AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN EU COUNTRIES
Authors: Mrówczyńska-Kamińska Aldona
Published: January 2018

The main objective of the research is to evaluate the development of the food economy (agribusiness) in the European Union countries. The aim of the study was to analyze the productivity of agribusiness work in the European Union countries against the national economy. This was then compared to the level of socio-economic development (measured by GDP per capita) of the individual EU countries, and on this basis, the development of the agri-food sector was assessed. The time series of the study covered 1995 and 2010, ie the years for which the first and the most recent data on “Inputs for balances” are available for individual EU countries. One of the most important methods used to evaluate the development of agribusiness in the European Union was the input-output method. Research has shown that productivity in agribusiness in the EU-12 is still lower than in most EU-15 countries. Differences in productivity levels in agribusiness between countries are mainly influenced by surplus labor in agriculture. Increasing labor productivity in agriculture contributes to a stronger social division of labor in both agriculture and agribusiness, ie the development of modern food sector in line with the model of agricultural development. The question remains, however, whether the new member states will duplicate the path set by the developed Western and Northern European countries, based primarily on a large increase in labor productivity, but will follow a completely different path in food production.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM “YOUNG
FARMER” IN THE LUBELSKIE VOIVODESHIP IN THE YEARS OF 2007-2016
Authors: Patkowski Krzysztof , Leszczyńska Danuta , Szymanowska Anna , Zarajczyk Piotr
Published: January 2018

The aim of the research is to present the implementation of the program Facilitating the start of young
farmers under the Rural Development Program in 2007-2013 and the state of implementation of the
program Bonuses for young farmers in the years of 2014-2016 in the Lublin voivodeship as part of RDP
2014-2020. The research material were data provided by the Lubelski Regional Branch of the Agency
for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture (ARiMR) based in Elizówka, Lublin. In the Lubelskie
Voivodeship, 6,849 applications were submitted, which constituted 12% of all applications for support
submitted, and 5,371 contracts were signed. The largest number of applications for support was submitted
in the Bialski poviat – 1,128. The Lublin poviat, with the result of 665, ranked second in terms of the
submitted applications. The following places were taken by the poviats of Radzyń, Parczew, Chełm, and
Hrubieszów. The average age of beneficiaries ranged from 21 in the Radzyń poviat to 26 in the Tomaszów
poviat. The new recruitment was characterized by a higher age of beneficiaries submitting applications,
both at the level of voivodeships and at the level of poviats. In 2007-2013 in the Lubelskie Voivodeship,
the average area of the farm taken over was 13.8 ha. At the level of the Lubelskie Voivodeship, the largest
farms were established in the poviats of Parczew and Chełm. The majority of beneficiaries submitting
applications in the Lubelskie Voivodeship in both editions of the program had secondary education.In the
years of 2007-2016, field crops and mixed production were the main types of production in most farms.
Trauma Unending
Authors: Kulisz Abby ,   Academic Publishing
Published: January 2018

This paper explores the ways communities reexperience traumatic events. Previous studies have made important contributions by observing that communities, in contrast to individuals, often use a traumatic event to construct their identity; and trauma is not always painful but sometimes desired. To further investigate these dimensions of traumatization, I focus on the performance of mātam or self-flagellation, which is practiced by a small minority of the world’s Shīʿī Muslim population on the Day of ʿĀshūrāʾ. For many Shīʿa, particularly Twelvers, Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī’s death at the battle of Karbala in 680 C.E. is a collectively traumatic event. Not only does Karbala embody a collective tragedy for Shīʿī Muslims, it defines and shapes their interpretation of history. During the practice of mātam, the mourner enacts the trauma of Karbala on one’s body, thus reliving and preserving the collective trauma.
Gestão educacional: interlocuções entre escola e classe hospitalar acerca de um aluno-paciente com altas habilidades/superdotação
Authors: Schmengler Angélica Regina , Freitas Soraia Napoleão
Published: January 2018

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar como ocorrem as interlocuções entre as gestoras da escola e a coordenadora pedagógica da classe hospitalar acerca de um aluno-paciente com AH/SD. Assim, a pesquisa definiu-se como qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso, sendo realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com as gestoras da escola, do Setor Educacional do HUSM e com a responsável pelo aluno. A equipe gestora da escola apresentou breve conhecimento sobre as AH/SD. Ainda, apesar das gestoras promoverem as trocas dialógicas com a sua equipe pedagógica, esse diálogo não ocorreu entre a escola e o Setor Educacional. Logo, urgem políticas públicas que promovam informações sobre as AH/SD e é de suma importância o diálogo e as interlocuções, entre os gestores, para a aprendizagem do aluno com AH/SD.Palavras-chave: gestão educacional; escola; classe hospitalar; altas habilidades/superdotação; trocas dialógicas.