bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polygonal shaping and multi-singularity manipulation of optical vortices via high-order cross-phase
Authors: Ren Yuan , Wang Chen , Liu Tong , Wang Zengkun , Yin Changzhi , Qiu Song , Li Zhimeng , Wu Hao
Published: July 2020

Increasing demand for practical applications is forcing more in-depth research into optical vortices (OVs): from the generation and measurement to the shaping and multi-singularity manipulation of OVs. Herein, we propose a new type of phase structure called the high-order cross-phase (HOCP), which can be employed to modulate OVs to implement polygonal shaping and multi-singularity manipulation simultaneously at far-field. Theoretically, we investigate the propagation characteristics of OVs modulated by a HOCP. In experiments, we achieve the polygonal shaping and multi-singularity manipulation of OVs via HOCPs. On this basis, we discuss the relationship between shapes and the orders of HOCPs, where we find that the order of a HOCP is exactly equal to the number of sides of polygonal OVs. This work provides a novel method to achieve polygonal shaping and multi-singularity manipulation simultaneously, which facilitate applications in optical micro-manipulation and optical communication.
Microscopic three-dimensional inner stress measurement on laser induced damage
Authors: Qi Naijie , Sun Shaowei , Zhang Lijuan , Yuan Xiaodong , Kong Yan , Veetil Suhas P , Wang Shouyu , Liu Cheng
Published: July 2020

A three-dimensional (3-D) residual stress detection technique is proposed to detect and evaluate the residual stress occurring in optical components due to repairs carried out at laser induced damage sites. It is possible with a cross-orthogonal reflective photo-elastic setup to obtain complete 3-D information of the residual shearing stress around the damage site. The damaged volume of the optical component is numerically sliced into multilayers for this purpose and reflected light intensity is recorded from each layer. The shearing stress from the reflected light intensity is then calculated based on photo-elasticity theory. The validity of the approach is also verified in experiments where it could measure 3-D residual stress with an axial resolution of 10 µm along the light path.
Coupling between waveguides and microresonators: the local approach
Authors: Vitullo Dashiell L. P. , Zaki Sajid , Jones D. E. , Sumetsky M. , Brodsky Michael
Published: July 2020

Coupling between optical microresonators and waveguides is a critical characteristic of resonant photonic devices that has complex behavior that is not well understood. When the characteristic variation length of the microresonator modes is much larger than the waveguide width, local coupling parameters emerge that are independent of the resonator mode distributions and offer a simplified description of coupling behavior. We develop a robust numerical-fitting-based methodology for experimental determination of the local coupling parameters in all coupling regimes and demonstrate their characterization along a microfiber waveguide coupled to an elongated bottle microresonator.
Artificial neural network discovery of a switchable metasurface reflector
Authors: Thompson J. R. , Burrow J. A. , Shah P. J. , Slagle J. , Harper E. S. , Van Rynbach A. , Agha I. , Mills M. S.
Published: July 2020

Optical materials engineered to dynamically and selectively manipulate electromagnetic waves are essential to the future of modern optical systems. In this paper, we simulate various metasurface configurations consisting of periodic 1D bars or 2D pillars made of the ternary phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). Dynamic switching behavior in reflectance is exploited due to a drastic refractive index change between the crystalline and amorphous states of GST. Selectivity in the reflection and transmission spectra is manipulated by tailoring the geometrical parameters of the metasurface. Due to the immense number of possible metasurface configurations, we train deep neural networks capable of exploring all possible designs within the working parameter space. The data requirements, predictive accuracy, and robustness of these neural networks are benchmarked against a ground truth by varying quality and quantity of training data. After ensuring trustworthy neural network advisory, we identify and validate optimal GST metasurface configurations best suited as dynamic switchable mirrors depending on selected light and manufacturing constraints.
Periodical spectral peaking on optical pulses
Authors: Nishizawa Norihiko , Yamanaka Masahito
Published: July 2020

Using nonlinear optical effects, we can control the optical spectra in various ways. Here, we discovered a novel phenomenon in ultrafast nonlinear fiber optics, namely, periodical spectral peaking. A narrow spectral dip on a pulse turns into a sharp, intense peak through a nonlinear effect. This phenomenon shows periodical evolution behavior in the soliton regime. If we use absorption spectra with constant frequency separation, like molecular gas absorption spectra, we can generate almost uniform frequency spanning sharp spectra with a linewidth on the order of a few picometers and sub-THz frequency separation. The generated spectral peak almost replicates the characteristics of the absorption spectra. Fundamental characteristics and physical mechanisms were investigated both numerically and experimentally. This phenomenon provides us with a novel approach to control the optical spectra and opens up new aspects and applications of nonlinear fiber optics.
Análisis de la influencia del Índice de Masa Corporal en la evolución de la Insuficiencia Cardíaca en una Zona de Salud
Authors: Tarraga Lopez Pedro J
Published: July 2020

Introducción: Analizar las diferentes variables del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) en relación con la evolución de la Insuficiencia cardíaca en una zona de salud.Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional y analítico de los 161 pacientes diagnosticados en la zona  de salud entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2016. Se analizaron datos demográficos, clínicos, y analíticos. Se calculó el IMC a partir del peso y la talla en la primera visita a la consulta, mediante la fórmula: peso (kg) / cuadrado de la talla (m). Una vez obtenido se evaluó la relación entre el IMC y la evolución en 2 años. Se estudió a 4 subgrupos de pacientes, en función de su IMC, a partir de los criterios definidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en 1999: bajo peso (IMC < 20,5), peso normal (IMC de 20,5 a < 25,5), sobrepeso (IMC de 25,5 a < 30) y obesidad (IMC ≥ 30).Resultados: 81 participantes eran obesos (50,8%), 33 hombres y 48 mujeres. La edad media de los obesos fue de 80,32 (9,23) años. Un 62,2% tenía diagnosticado algún tipo de cardiopatía, siendo: 29,2% cardiopatía isquémica; 46,6% arritmias cardiacas y 20,5% valvulopatías. El IMC, como variable continua, se asoció de forma significativa con la mortalidad (p < 0,001), la edad (0,002), la enfermedad isquémica (0,001), sexo (0,004), hipertensión (0,002), diabetes (0,003) y dislipemia (0,004). También se vio relación directamente proporcional del IMC con el uso de tratamientos con digoxina, diuréticos de asa y espironolactona. EL IMC también se asoció con el número de ingresos, mayor número de enfermedades crónicas concomitantes y mortalidad. Los pacientes con obesidad obtuvieron peores puntuaciones en el cuestionario de calidad de vida MLWHFQ.Conclusiones: El IMC mostró asociación con la mortalidad, la enfermedad isquémica, el sexo, la hipertensión, diabetes y dislipemia en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca.
Desarrollo de habilidades conductuales alimentarias en situaciones de convivencia social con los amigos como estrategia para el seguimiento del tratamiento nutricional: Un ensayo aleatorizado
Authors: López-Maupomé Andrea , Marván Mª Luisa , Vacio Ángeles
Published: July 2020

Introducción: El objetivo del estudio fue diseñar y evaluar un programa psicoeducativo, basado en el Modelo de Información, Motivación y Habilidades Conductuales, para mejorar el seguimiento del tratamiento nutricional durante situaciones de convivencia social con los amigos, sobre la composición corporal y los hábitos alimentarios de estudiantes universitarios con sobrepeso u obesidad.Material y Métodos: Diseño experimental pre/post con grupo control. Participaron voluntariamente 32 universitarios, asignados aleatoriamente al grupo control (n=15) o al grupo de intervención (n=17). Se evaluaron: composición corporal, conocimientos básicos en nutrición, nivel de motivación, prácticas saludables y sobreingesta. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Sobreingesta Alimentaria y otro elaborado para fines del estudio. El programa constó de cuatro sesiones de 60 minutos y se aplicó individualmente. Las diferencias en la composición corporal se calcularon con la prueba t de Student y el tamaño del efecto con la d de Cohen. Los cambios en las variables de conocimientos básicos, motivación, prácticas saludables y sobreingesta se calcularon con la U de Mann-Whitney y con el coeficiente de contingencia de Pearson.Resultados: No hubo diferencias en la evaluación basal. En la evaluación final, el grupo de intervención tuvo menor Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) (27,41 kg/m2) que el grupo control (29,28 kg/m2) (p<0,048) y menor porcentaje de grasa (29.54%) que el grupo control (35,24%) (p <0,050). Estas dos medidas tuvieron una disminución más evidente en el grupo de intervención al comparar la evaluación final versus la evaluación basal (p <0,0001). El nivel de conocimiento básico de nutrición y las prácticas saludables fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo intervención que en el grupo control en la evaluación final (p <0,006 y p <0,032 respectivamente). La sobreingesta alimentaria fue menor en el grupo intervención (p <0,026). Conclusiones: El programa psicoeducativo que contempló el componente social, favoreció el seguimiento al tratamiento nutricional, la composición corporal y la adopción de hábitos alimentarios saludables.
Proceso de Atención Nutricional: Elementos para su implementación y uso por los profesionales de la Nutrición y la Dietética
Authors: Carbajal Ángeles , Sierra José Luis , López-Lora Lorena , Ruperto Mar
Published: July 2020

Introducción: El Proceso de Atención Nutricional (PAN) y la Terminología Estandarizada (TE) proporcionan un protocolo de actuación que permite fomentar el pensamiento crítico, estructurar y documentar el cuidado dietético-nutricional basado en la evidencia científica, medir los resultados y evaluar la calidad de la atención nutricional. Objetivo: Dar a conocer a los profesionales de la Nutrición y la Dietética el PAN y la TE, sus elementos básicos y su aplicación en la atención nutricional, evaluando su implementación internacional.Material y métodos: Revisión de los trabajos publicados del PAN y la TE en inglés y castellano. Términos de búsqueda: Nutrition Care Process, Dietetic Care Process, Standardized Terminology, Proceso/Plan de Atención/Cuidado Nutricional/Dietético y TE. La búsqueda no se limitó por año de publicación, excluyéndose los artículos publicados con baja evidencia científica o con cambios respecto al modelo original.Resultados: El PAN aporta un enfoque holístico y contribuye a mejorar la calidad asistencial, el intercambio de información y el seguimiento nutricional. La implementación del PAN mejora la productividad profesional y promueve y fortalece aún más las funciones del profesional de la Nutrición y la Dietética en la práctica sanitaria-comunitaria.Conclusiones: El PAN y la TE son reconocidos internacionalmente como herramientas necesarias para promover la atención y cuidado nutricional en clínica, salud pública e investigación nutricional, subrayando la necesidad de incluirlo en el currículo académico y en la práctica profesional de la Nutrición y la Dietética.
Relación entre las características de la composición corporal y el rendimiento físico general y específico en competidores de taekwondo chilenos de nivel nacional de ambos sexos: un estudio observacional
Authors: Ojeda-Aravena Alex , Azocar-Gallardo Jairo , Galle Fernando , García-García Jose Manuel
Published: July 2020

Introducción: El objetivo fue examinar la relación entre las características de la composición corporal y el rendimiento físico general y específico en competidores de TKD de nivel nacional de Chile de ambos sexos. Material y métodos: Diseño observacional con 14 competidores de diferentes categorías de peso corporal y que compiten habitualmente en torneos de nivel regional y nacional edad 19 (3) años; talla 164 (10) cm; peso corporal 62 (10) kg; años de experiencia 7,2 (2,9) años participaron en este estudio. Se evaluaron el peso corporal (kg) (PC), la masa grasa (kg), (MG), el porcentaje de masa grasa (%MG), la masa muscular (kg) (MM) y el índice de masa corporal (kg/m2) (IMC). Variables del RF general incluyeron squat jump (cm) (SJ), countermovement jump (cm) (CMJ), velocidad lineal en 5-m (s) (5-M) y 20-m shuttle run test (min) (20MSR) y de forma específica la prueba de agilidad específica en taekwondo (s) (TSAT) y la prueba de velocidad de frecuencia múltiple de patadas (FSKTMULT), específicamente el índice de disminución de patadas (FSKTMULT  KDI %) y el número máximo de patadas ejecutadas (FSKTMULT MAX). Resultados: Se documentó una relación grande significativa (p < 0,00) entre el %MG, la MG y la MM y la mayoría de las variables de rendimiento físico general analizadas. Relaciones grandes significativas (p < 0,05) se observaron entre %MG, la MG y la MM y la prueba TSAT. Una relación grande significativa se documentó entre la MM y FSKTMULT MAX (p<0,03) y entre la MG y FSKTMULT  KDI % (p<0,04). Correlaciones moderadas a bajas se observaron entre el PC y el IMC en la mayoría de las variables de rendimiento físico analizadas. Conclusiones: Los datos sugieren que un bajo %MG y MG seguido de una adecuada MM están relacionados con el rendimiento físico general específico en competidores chilenos de TKD de nivel nacional de ambos sexos.
Análisis de las propiedades físico-químicas y sensoriales de barra alimenticia a base de semillas y nueces sin componentes de origen animal
Authors: Toscano-Palomar Lydia , García-Gómez Gilberto , Gómez-Puentes Francisco J. , Beltrán-González Guillermo , Valenzuela-Espinoza Iracema G. , Armenta-Gálvez Jesus M.
Published: July 2020

Introducción: La necesidad de alimentos nutritivos se ha incrementado por la demanda de un público exigente. Los consumidores, en la actualidad, desean aperitivos que además de satisfacer su apetito, aporten también nutrientes esenciales. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo la caracterización físico-química de una barra alimenticia elaborada a base de semillas (girasol, ajonjolí, chía y linaza) y nueces (almendra, nuez de la India, corazón de nuez de pecana, pistache y nuez de Castilla entera) libre de componentes de origen animal, como leche de vaca en polvo, ovoalbúmina y/o grasas animales utilizados en barras alimenticias comerciales.Material y métodos: Los métodos de análisis próximo, valor energético, vida útil de la barra alimenticia y análisis sensorial y las pruebas de aceptación, se realizaron de  acuerdo a métodos estándares de análisis de la Asociación de Químicos Analíticos Oficiales (AOAC por sus siglas en inglés). Todos los análisis se realizaron por triplicado a menos que se indicara de otra manera. Los resultados obtenidos fueron estadísticamente analizados con un 5 % de nivel de significancia para cada prueba.Resultados: Se analizó su composición próxima (27% proteína, 7,5% fibra cruda y 4,4% de azúcares). Estos valores posicionan a este producto dentro de las barras de alto contenido proteico con contenido en azúcar muy bajo si se compara con barras comerciales (20 – 40%). Presentó el 45% de lípidos con el 19% de aceites saturados y 81 % de insaturados, todos estos derivados de las nueces y semillas. Se cuantificaron minerales esenciales como: calcio, magnesio, potasio, sodio, cobre, hierro, manganeso y zinc. La velocidad de rancidez fue relativamente baja hasta alcanzar el valor máximo  permisible de 10 meq/kg en peróxidos como valor de rancidez a los 9 días de almacenamiento a 40 °C. Conclusiones: Las barras alimenticias a base de semillas y nueces tuvieron una alta aceptación en pruebas sensoriales de preferencia por público adulto. De acuerdo con estos resultados se presenta un alimento de alto contenido proteico, nutricionalmente completo y estable al almacenamiento.
Novel Insights Into Tissue-Specific Biochemical Alterations in Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Hiremath Girish , Locke Andrea , Thomas Giju , Gautam Rekha , Acra Sari , Correa Hernan , Dellon Evan S. , Mahadevan-Jansen Anita
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Elucidating esophageal biochemical composition in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) can offer novel insights into its pathogenesis, which remains unclear. Using Raman spectroscopy, we profiled and compared the biochemical composition of esophageal samples obtained from children with active (aEoE) and inactive EoE (iEoE) with non-EoE controls, examined the relationship between spectral markers and validated EoE activity indices.

METHODS:

In vitro Raman spectra from children with aEoE (n = 8; spectra = 51) and iEoE (n = 6; spectra = 48) and from non-EoE controls (n = 10; spectra = 75) were acquired. Mann-Whitney test was used to assess the differences in their Raman intensities (median [interquartile range]) and identify spectral markers. Spearman correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between spectral markers and endoscopic and histologic activity indices.

RESULTS:

Raman peaks attributable to glycogen content (936/1,449 cm−1) was lower in children with aEoE (0.20 [0.18–0.21]) compared with that in non-EoE controls (0.24 [0.23–0.29]). Raman intensity of proteins (1,660/1,209 cm−1) was higher in children with aEoE compared with that in non-EoE controls (3.20 [3.07–3.50] vs 2.91 [2.59–3.05]; P = 0.01), whereas that of lipids (1,301/1,260 cm−1) was higher in children with iEoE (1.56 [1.49–1.63]) compared with children with aEoE (1.40 [1.30–1.48]; P = 0.02). Raman peaks attributable to glycogen and lipid inversely correlated with eosinophilic inflammation and basal zone hyperplasia. Raman mapping substantiated our findings.

DISCUSSION:

This is the first study to identify spectral traits of the esophageal samples related to EoE activity and tissue pathology and to profile tissue-level biochemical composition associated with pediatric EoE. Future research to determine the role of these biochemical alterations in development and clinical course of EoE can advance our understanding of EoE pathobiology.
Micro Macro Economics Fundamental Factors and Indonesia Stock Exchange Return
Authors: Yusfiarto Rizaldi
Published: July 2020

Stock investment has an attraction for investors because with investments in the form of shares, investors have the expectation of obtaining profits in the form of capital gains or stock dividends. To take into account the risk factors and produce a maximum level of profit, the stock purchase decision-making process requires careful analysis when determining its market value. Thus, in deciding investment in the stock market, prospective investors must first conduct an in-depth analysis of the company whose shares will be purchased. The fundamental analysis concerns the projected condition of the company in the future by showing the present and past situations. This approach is used to assess the intrinsic value of these shares, and investors are used for investment over a long period. The data used in this research are 22 infrastructure issuers on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015-2018. The data is then processed by the econometrics method using Eviews and Microsoft Excel software with a panel data regression model or pooled regression. Hypothesis testing shows that fundamental macro-micro factors jointly affect the stock returns on infrastructure companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Lokale Nachhaltigkeitsexperimente als raumwirksame Interventionen: Theoretische Grundlagen und Handlungskonzepte
Authors: von Wirth Timo , Levin-Keitel Meike
Published: July 2020

Exploratives Erproben nachhaltiger Lösungen findet stets ortsgebunden statt ‐ etwa in einem Stadtquartier. Überraschenderweise wird dieser räumliche Kontext bisher kaum thematisiert. Zeit, die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Nachhaltigkeitsexperimenten und räumlichem
Kontext systematisch in einem Modell zu beschreiben.Conducting local sustainability experiments establishes an explorative approach for gaining action-oriented knowledge about sustainabilityrelated transformation processes. The experiments are situated in specific local contexts, such
as within a real-world laboratory, thereby representing an intervention into the socio-spatial fabric that includes diverse interactions. However, it remains unclear as to how the socio-spatial context influences these experimental interventions and how it is simultaneously influenced by the
intervention itself. Based on the relational understanding of space, we present an analytical model that describes the dimensions of the socio-spatial interactions of local sustainability experiments and provides guidance for their strategic design and evaluation.
Population genetic structure of Garcinia imberti Bourd. an endangered endemic tree of southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: Anto M , Anjala M , Jothish P S , Rameshkumar K B , Padmesh P , Anilkumar C
Published: July 2020

Assessing the genetic diversity of endemic plants is of great importance in future conservation programmes. The genetic diversity in Garcinia imberti from Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve of southern Western Ghats was assessed through ISSR markers by molecular characterization with 15 primers. A total of 157 accessions from six populations were used for the study. They generated 102 amplified products, out of which 89 were polymorphic (87.25%). It produced an average of 6.8 bands per primer and 5.93% polymorphism per primer. The present study revealed that G. imberti has moderate level of genetic diversity at species level but differs at population level. The dendrogram constructed following UPGMA exhibited that all accessions were clustered together except Poonkulam population. The genetic diversity analysis of G. imberti showed that even though the populations are closely associated, every population have their own characteristic diversity and should be conserved. Among the populations, Chemunji is the largest one with more genetic diversity and may conserve as the potential source of gene pool of this species.
A review on scope of immuno-modulatory drugs in Ayurveda for prevention and treatment of Covid-19
Authors: Niraj Srivastava , Varsha Saxena
Published: July 2020

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) infection attacking mainly on the immune system of a body. It is a potentially fatal disease that is of public health and economy concern globally. In December 2019, COVID-19 outbreak occurred in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China furthermore spread worldwide. Research is underway in many countries to develop effective vaccines and drugs for the COVID-19. In Ayurveda, Acharya Charaka explained the concept of an epidemic condition in Janapadodhwans Adhayay and combating of these diseases is to be done by Panchakarma (five procedures of purification), Rasayana Chikitsa (immune-modulators therapy) and Sadvritta (good conduct). Rasayan dravyas (immuno modulators drugs) of Ayurveda can be used for health promotion, immune-modulation, prevention and reduce disease burden from COVID-19. Drugs such as Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifoloia (Willd.) Miers), Amalaki (Phyllanthus emblica L.), Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus Willd), Chireta (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa L.) and Pippali ((Piper longum L.) For symptom management of COVID-19 like illness Agastya Haritaki, Anutaila, AYUSH–64 can be used. Scientific research on these drugs may reveal the new approach for the prevention and management of COVID-19. The main aim of this article is to review research which has already conducted and currently being carried out on the herbal plant for their immunomodulation property which have a possible application in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
The Influence of Movement Tempo on Acute Neuromuscular, Hormonal, and Mechanical Responses to Resistance Exercise—A Mini Review
Authors: Wilk Michal , Tufano James J. , Zajac Adam
Published: July 2020

Wilk, M, Tufano, JJ, and Zajac, A. The influence of movement tempo on acute neuromuscular, hormonal, and mechanical responses to resistance exercise—a mini review. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2369–2383, 2020—Resistance training studies mainly analyze variables such as the type and order of exercise, intensity, number of sets, number of repetitions, and duration and frequency of rest periods. However, one variable that is often overlooked in resistance training research, as well as in practice, is premeditated movement tempo, which can influence a myriad of mechanical and physiological factors associated with training and adaptation. Specifically, this article provides an overview of the available scientific literature and describes how slower tempos negatively affect the 1-repetition maximum, the possible load to be used, and the number of repetitions performed with a given load, while also increasing the total time under tension, which can mediate acute cardiovascular and hormonal responses. As a result, coaches should consider testing maximal strength and the maximal number of repetitions that can be performed with each movement tempo that is to be used during training. Otherwise, programming resistance training using various movement tempos is more of a trial-and-error approach, rather than being evidence or practice based. Furthermore, practical applications are provided to show how movement tempo can be adjusted for a variety of case study–type scenarios.
Physiological Demands of Professional Flat and Jump Horse Racing
Authors: Kiely Michael , Warrington Giles D. , McGoldrick Adrian , Pugh Jennifer , Cullen SarahJane
Published: July 2020

Kiely, M, Warrington, GD, McGoldrick, A, Pugh, J, and Cullen, S. Physiological demands of professional flat and jump horse racing. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2173–2177, 2020—No information is currently available on the effect of race distance on the physiological demands of jockeys. This study aimed to quantify the respective demands of short and long flat and jump race distances. Twenty professional jockeys (10 flat and 10 jump) participated in the study. The subjects initially performed a graded incremental exercise test to volitional exhaustion on a treadmill to determine the peak heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentrations. Two competitive races (short and long) were then monitored on 2 separate occasions for each jockey type to obtain hydration, HR, blood lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion data. Mean distances for the 4 races were: 1,247.2 ± 184.7 m (short flat race), 2,313.4 ± 142.2 m (long flat race), 3,480.2 ± 355.3 m (short jump race), and 4,546.4 ± 194.3 m (long jump race). The mean HR for the long flat race was 151 ± 19 b·min−1 (79 ± 11% of HRpeak), which was significantly lower than all other race distances (p = 0.000, effect size [ES] = 0.469). A longer jump race resulted in a significantly higher reported rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (14 ± 2.8) than the short jump race (11.0 ± 1.5) (p = 0.009, ES = 0.271), whereas no significant difference was revealed between peak HR responses or blood lactate concentrations when comparing other race distances (p < 0.05). The finding of this study supports previous limited research, which suggests that horse racing is a high-intensity sport, whereas RPE and mean HR fluctuate according to the race distance.
Making Posters for the Third World Liberation Front at UC Berkeley
Authors: Montoya Malaquias
Published: July 2020

Malaquias Montoya describes the journey that led him to UC Berkeley and to participate in the Third World Strike there as an artist. He focuses on making posters to promote the strike of the Third World Liberation Front at UC Berkeley. Montoya discusses select posters of 1969 and aftermath of the Third World Strike.
Ethnic Studies Fifty Years Later
Authors: Hernández Francisco
Published: July 2020

The author recounts his personal experiences of the 1969 Third World Strike at UC Berkeley as well as reflects on the importance of Chicano Studies and Ethnic Studies: its value to the students in these programs and to wider community. He also discusses the continuing struggle for support within the academy.
Unearthing Racial Histories of Sexology in the Global South
Authors: Ruiz Stevie , Bui Long
Published: July 2020

Race, war, and geography remain unmarked domains within the historiography of sexuality. This article analyzes the work of Joseph M. Carrier, a seminal figure who helped develop the study of homosexuality. In this article, we examine the ways Carrier incorporated studies of various populations from the Global South, from Vietnamese refugees to Mexican MSM (men who have sex with men). In his attempt to collect knowledge about subaltern groups—first as a RAND Corporation researcher and later as an anthropologist and epidemiologist—Carrier shows us that the genealogy of homosexuality studies is not clear-cut. It is situated across multiple spaces of (inter)disciplinary power and knowledge. By comparing these trans-regional areas of study, we examine the ways in which Western social scientists can draw research from one social context into another.
“Ripped Spike, Tie and Rail from Its Moorings”
Authors: Moore T. DeWayne
Published: July 2020

Using local newspapers and tracing the origins of several stories about the development of the sobriquet “Yellow Dog,” this essay demonstrates how the heritage trail markers erected in Moorhead, Mississippi, silence the origins of the term in the suffering of African American men and women who worked in the rolling convict lease camp that built the “Yellow Dog” railroad through the Great Swamp. The marker’s text instead forwards a dubious debate over the term’s origins, excluding its true beginnings in the experiences of African Americans. The heritage trail markers at Moorhead are only one of the examples of how professional state consultants and the Delta Center for Culture and Learning promote racial division—not reconciliation—through erasure of the African American past.
Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identified ANXA1 Associated with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome in UK Biobank Samples
Authors: Cheng Bolun , Ning Yujie , Liang Chujun , Li Ping , Liu Li , Cheng Shiqiang , Ma Mei , Zhang Lu , Qi Xin , Wen Yan , Zhang Feng
Published: July 2020

Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) is a common shoulder disorder with unclear genetic mechanism. In this study, Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) was conducted to identify the candidate loci associated with SIS by using the UK Biobank samples (including 3,626 SIS patients and 3,626 control subjects). Based on the GWAS results, gene set enrichment analysis was further performed to detect the candidate gene ontology and pathways associated with SIS. We identified multiple risk loci associated with SIS, such as rs750968 (P = 4.82 × 10−8), rs754832 (P = 4.83 × 10−8) and rs1873119 (P = 6.39 × 10−8) of ANXA1 gene. Some candidate pathways have been identified related to SIS, including those linked to infection response and hypoxia, “ZHOU_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE_FIMA_DN” (P = 0.012) and “MANALO_HYPOXIA_UP” (P = 5.00 × 10−5). Our results provide novel clues for understanding the genetic mechanism of SIS.
Identification of New Regulators of the Oocyte-to-Embryo Transition inDrosophila
Authors: Avilés-Pagán Emir E , Kang Albert S W , Orr-Weaver Terry L
Published: July 2020

At the oocyte-to-embryo transition the highly differentiated oocyte arrested in meiosis becomes a totipotent embryo capable of embryogenesis. Oocyte maturation (release of the prophase I primary arrest) and egg activation (release from the secondary meiotic arrest and the trigger for the oocyte-to-embryo transition) serve as prerequisites for this transition, both events being controlled posttranscriptionally. Recently, we obtained a comprehensive list of proteins whose levels are developmentally regulated during these events via a high-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis of Drosophila melanogaster oocyte maturation and egg activation. We conducted a targeted screen for potential novel regulators of the oocyte-to-embryo transition, selecting 53 candidates from these proteins. We reduced the function of each candidate gene using transposable element insertion alleles and RNAi, and screened for defects in oocyte maturation or early embryogenesis. Deletion of the aquaporin gene CG7777 did not affect female fertility. However, we identified CG5003 and nebu (CG10960) as new regulators of the transition from oocyte to embryo. Mutations in CG5003, which encodes an F-box protein associated with SCF-proteasome degradation function, cause a decrease in female fertility and early embryonic arrest. Mutations in nebu, encoding a putative glucose transporter, result in defects during the early embryonic divisions, as well as a developmental delay and arrest. nebu mutants also exhibit a defect in glycogen accumulation during late oogenesis. Our findings highlight potential previously unknown roles for the ubiquitin protein degradation pathway and sugar transport across membranes during this time, and paint a broader picture of the underlying requirements of the oocyte-to-embryo transition.
To the Memory of Vitalii Petrovych Shelest (15.10.1940–06.06.2020)
Authors: Bakai O. S. , Bar’yakhtar V. G. , Bulavin L. A. , Zagorodny A. G. , Loktev V. M. , Storizhko M. Yu. , Shulga M. F. , Yukhnovskyi I. R. , Gusynin V. P. , Zinovjev G. M. , Pashitskii E. A. , Petrov E. G. , Jenkovszky L. L. , Kobushkin O. P. , Kukhtin V. V.
Published: July 2020

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Assessing Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk with Advanced Lipid Testing: State of the Science
Authors: German Charles Amir , Shapiro Michael David
Published: July 2020

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death and disability worldwide. While substantial gains have been made in reducing cardiovascular mortality, future projections suggest that we have reached a nadir and may be at an inflection point, given the rising tide of obesity and diabetes. Evaluation and management of plasma lipids is central to the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Although the standard lipid panel represents a well-established platform to assess risk, this test alone can be insufficient and/or misleading. Advances in our understanding of atherosclerosis have led to the development of lipid-based biomarkers that help to discriminate the risk of cardiovascular disease when it is unclear. While these biomarkers provide novel information, their implementation into clinical medicine remains difficult given discrepancies in the literature, lack of assay standardisation, poor accessibility and high cost. However, additional measures of atherogenic lipoproteins or their surrogates may offer insight beyond the standard lipid panel, providing a more precise assessment of risk and more accurate assessment of lipid-lowering therapy.
Exploiting column chemistry for chromatographic separation and quantification of caffeoylquinic acids in Gynura procumbens
Authors: Murugesu Kisantini , Saghir Sultan Ayesh Mohammed , Sadikun Amirin , Khaw Kooi-Yeong , Murugaiyah Vikneswaran
Published: July 2020

A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method was developed by exploiting the benefits of phenyl-hexyl column for the simultaneous determination of mono- and di-caffeoylquinic acids in Gynura procumbens plant samples. An optimal chromatographic separation was achieved by using a mobile phase of acetonitrile: 0.25% acetic acid in water (12.5:78.5, v/v) and detection at 330 nm. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for the six caffeoylquinic acid standards were in the range of 0.078–0.653 and 0.259–1.795 μg/mL, respectively. The accuracies of the developed method were in the range of 96.84–103.08%, while the corresponding precisions were between 0 and 2.94% for both within-day and between-day analyses, indicating that the method is repeatable and reliable. The mean recoveries were between 87.08 and 117.83%. The method was successfully applied for quantification of caffeoylquinic acids in G. procumbens plant samples. This is the first study on di-caffeoylquinic acids quantification in G. procumbens. Leaves samples contained higher amount of the caffeoylquinic acids compared to stem samples. Of the compounds, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid was found to be the major compound in almost all G. procumbens samples. The method has advantages such as sensitive ultraviolet (UV) detection, short run time with simple isocratic elution system compared to other methods which involved the use of costly instruments, laborious procedures with long run time and complex gradient system. This method can be further extended for routine quality control and analysis of plants or herbal products containing the caffeoylquinic acids.
Bulgarian Consonant Acquisition in Preschoolers with Typical versus Protracted Phonological Development
Authors: Bernhardt Barbara May , Ignatova D. , Amoako W. , Aspinall N. , Marinova-Todd S. , Stemberger J. P. , Yokota K.
Published: July 2020

Previous research on Bulgarian consonant acquisition reports earlier acquisition of stops, nasals and glides than fricatives, affricates and liquids. The current study expands the investigation of Bulgarian consonant acquisition. The primary objective was to identify characteristics of protracted versus typical phonological development (PPD versus TD) relative to consonant match (accuracy) levels and mismatch patterns. A native speaker audio-recorded and transcribed single-word productions (110-word list) of sixty 3- to 5-year-olds (30 TD, 30 PPD). Another two transcribers confirmed transcriptions using acoustic analysis for disambiguation. Data generally confirmed previous findings regarding the order of consonant acquisition. Factors characteristic of PPD in comparison with TD were: lower match levels, especially at age 3 for onsets in unstressed syllables: later mastery of laterals; and a greater proportion and range of mismatch patterns, including deletion and more than one feature mismatch per segment (e.g., Manner & Place). The paper concludes with clinical and research implications.
Past Participle Agreement in Codeswitching Contexts
Authors: Cocchi Gloria , Pierantozzi Cristina
Published: July 2020

In this work we will test the ability of nominal gender to be ‘infinitely reusable as an “active goal” for the operation Agree’ (Carstens, 2010) in mixed Italian/ English clauses. In particular, we will analyse long-distance gender relations that are realised outside the DP domain in compound ergative clauses, where an Italian ergative past participle must agree in gender (and number) with the DP-syntactic subject: specifically, the ‘active goal’ for the operation Agree may be either a monolingual English DP or a mixed DP. Moreover, the mixed ergative clauses will be embedded under an English or an Italian matrix clause, in order to see if the language of the latter affects acceptability judgements. Crucially, we aimed to assess which mixed agreement patterns are preferred in codeswitching contexts, as well as the role played by the language of the matrix clause. Furthermore, we have tested and shown to what extent the Matrix Language Framework is adequate to account for the acceptability of the various mixed combinations.
Grammatical Gender in Atypical Language Development
Authors: Liceras Juana M. , Garcia-Alcaraz Estela
Published: July 2020

We use code-switched structures to investigate how gender is represented in the mind of an adult English-Spanish bilingual (Spanish is the Heritage language) who has Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), a genetic disorder that presents both behavioral disturbances and intellectual and linguistic disabilities. The latter remains entirely unexplored in the case of bilingual speakers. Previous research (Liceras et al., 2016) using an Acceptability Judgment Task (AJT) and a Sentence Completion Task (SCT) has shown that typically-developing (TD) Spanish-dominant English-Spanish bilinguals (but not English-dominant bilinguals) prefer gender-matching switched Determiner+Noun (concord) and Subject+Adjectival Predicate (agreement) structures, as La[theF] house[casaF] or The house[la casaF] es roja[is redF] over non-matching ones, as El[theM] house[casaF] or The house[la casaF] es rojo[is redM], which means that these bilinguals abide by the so- called ‘analogical criterion’ (AC): they assign English Nouns the gender of their translation equivalent in Spanish. These same two tasks were administered to a 34 year-old male English-Spanish bilingual (English dominant) with PWS. The results show that in the AJT, he rates both matching and non-matching concord and agreement structures high but has a stronger preference for all structures that abide by the AC. In the SCT, he unambiguously abides by the AC with both types of structures as TD Spanish-dominant bilinguals do. These results constitute a first step towards investigating which linguistic abilities may be compromised in the case of the PWS population and provide evidence that bilingualism does not seem to have a negative effect on the activation of formal features in their grammars.
Observing the effects of hands-on activities on mathematics teacher confidence in geometry and statistics: A case study
Authors: Hurdle Zachariah Benton
Published: July 2020

Middle school mathematics teachers often do not emphasise statistics and geometry in their lesson plans for a variety of reasons. However, these are integral topics in mathematics, and using direct lecture or hands-on activities may have different effects on teacher confidence when approaching these subjects. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, anxiety was found to improve with lecture-based workshops, while confidence and effectance was found to improve with manipulatives-based workshops. The results showed some surprising and unsurprising reasons for these conclusions.

        

Key words: teacher education; math anxiety; manipulatives; geometry; statistics
Engaging tertiary educators in the development of their assessment literacy
Authors: Edwards Frances
Published: July 2020

Using assessment to inform teaching and to measure learning outcomes is of critical importance in higher education. However, many tertiary educators are not sufficiently knowledgeable or prepared to do this confidently. This paper suggests that tertiary educators could be given tools and encouraged to exert agency in their own assessment literacy development. It examines the application of one potential tool, the SALRubric (Edwards, 2017), which describes stages of development in ten dimensions of summative assessment literacy. The tool’s structure and intent make it possible for the rubric to be modified to incorporate other content and context-dependent dimensions of assessment within a tertiary setting. A process through which appropriate dimensions could be identified is described so that the resulting co-constructed rubric could be used for both peer assessment and self-assessment by tertiary educators. Initial work using the SALRubric indicates that this has the potential to lead tertiary educators to an increased awareness of dimensions of assessment literacy and more active engagement in their teaching, thereby enhancing learning for their students.
Teachers’ reflecting on professional knowledge in the numeracy (mathematics) classroom
Authors: Mills Judith
Published: July 2020

New Zealand primary school teachers are expected to regularly reflect on their teaching practice in order to consider the implications of past teaching on future planning. Aligned to teachers’ ongoing reflection, the New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 2007) contains a section on effective pedagogy—teacher actions promoting student learning, which includes a Teaching as Inquiry Cycle (pp. 34–35). Embedded within their inquiry, teachers consider the teaching-learning relationship and often turn to frameworks of knowledge for guidance. This article shares the implications of using a framework of teacher knowledge in research. While the framework used contained much detail for the researcher, it overlapped categories and at the same time lacked acknowledgement of some important concepts for teachers in classroom practice. Findings from using a framework in this research were combined with findings from previous research to formulate the Wheel of Professional Knowledge, which was developed for mathematics teachers to use when reflecting on their practice.
Learnings through explorations of the teaching space: Creating climates of collaboration
Authors: Coleman Claire
Published: July 2020

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"What concerns pre-service teachers the most?" A quantitative research for concurrent and consecutive teacher training models
Authors: Dinçer Ayşemine , Bikmaz Fatma
Published: July 2020

In the Republic of Turkey, as in many other countries, there are primarily two types of teacher preparation. One is the concurrent model, where a student spends four to five years at university in an Education faculty, learning to become a school teacher.  The second is the consecutive model, where university seniors and/or graduates of the Arts & Sciences faculty attend a one-year pedagogical formation certification programme to become qualified as a teacher. Only authorized Education faculties are eligible to provide these types of pedagogical formation education. Students attending an Education faculty through the concurrent model, take several pedagogical and practicum courses over a four-year period, while the students in the consecutive model only take a portion of the pedagogical courses and then complete a teaching practicum during the second semester of the year-long programme. This current study is based on the idea that along with professional competencies, psychological readiness for teaching is also affected by teacher education and training. Thus, in this study, the pre-service teachers’ concerns about teaching were analyzed as well as whether their concerns differed according to programme type, gender, and/or field of study. Data from a Teacher Concerns Checklist  (TCC) completed by 545 pre-service teachers was analysed through descriptive statistics as well as multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). It was revealed in the analysis results that students from the concurrent model of teacher education were most concerned about the lack of public support for schools, insufficient clerical help for teachers, and the large number of administrative interruptions. While, the students from the consecutive teacher education model were most concerned about having too many students in class, lack of public support for schools, and too many standards and regulations for teachers to follow. Overall, the students from the concurrent model had significantly fewer concerns about teaching than students from the consecutive model. The field of study did have a significant effect on the concerns of preservice teachers; whereas, gender had no effect.