bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia in Patients with Cryptogenic Cirrhosis: a Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Hosseini Asl Seyyed Mohammad Kazem , Darini Ali
Published: January 2022

Background: Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of liver disease that is caused by various etiologies. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia and obesity are the most common situations that are seen together with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is frequently asymptomatic and can silently lead to cirrhosis. There are some studies suggesting that NASH might be one of the underlying causes of cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC). Materials and Methods: Two hundred twenty six cirrhotic patients registered in transplantation unit of Namazi Hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from January 2006 to the last day of June 2014 were selected in two groups of CC and non-CC patients. Age, sex, weight, child class of cirrhosis and presence of T2DM, dyslipidemia and lipid profile were extracted from their records. Results: There was significant difference between prevalence of T2DM and FBS levels among CC and non-CC subjects (P <0.01). Prevalence of T2DM in CC group (38.9%) was more than two times higher than non-CC group (18.6%). On the contrary, the differences between prevalence of dyslipidemia and its laboratory characteristics such as total cholesterol, TG, HDL and LDL were insignificant among both groups (P >0.05). Conclusion: Results showed a higher prevalence of T2DM in subjects with CC but there are some doubts about T2DM being one of the risk factors of CC. Dyslipidemia and its components including TG, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol were not significantly different in CC and non-CC subjects.[GMJ. 2015;4(3):112-16]
Diffuse Skin Tightness in Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Azizian Zahra , Behrangi Elham , Shayanfar Nasrin , Mohagheghian Yaghoubi Hadi , Aghabekloo Saman
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder that has skin presentations like vasculitis and paniculitis. There has not been shown any association between systemic sclerosis and FMF in studies. Hence, we report a case of FMF with diffuse skin tightness. Case Presentation: An 18-year-old girl known as a case of FMF for 3 years presents to our department with tight skin since childhood. The stiffness of skin appeared when she was about 7 years old. In physical examination, tight skin with general induration in all surfaces of skin, sclerodactyly and beaked nose microstomia are noticed. The findings of all hematological, biochemical and pathological studies were normal. Conclusion: Finally, it may be concluded that FMF should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients attending with skin tightness and the possible etiology is cytokines. [GMJ.2015;4(4):169-72]
Correlation between Happiness and Depression According to Beck Depression and Oxford Happiness Inventory among University Students
Authors: Rezaee Mohsen , Hedayati Arvin , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Farjam Mojtaba , Sabet Hamid Reza , Paknahad Majid
Published: January 2022

Background: Happiness is a subjective emotional state associated with a wide number of personal and socio-economic factors evaluated with Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). Depression is a syndrome diagnosed by psychiatric criteria and measured by Beck depression questionnaire. The goal of this study was to evaluate the correlation between happiness and depression, measured by OHI and Beck questionnaire, respectively in a population of university students.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 at Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fars province, Iran. OHI, Beck questionnaire and demographic information sheet were filled by 216 students between 18 to 30 years old. Analyses were done to test the correlation between depression and happiness scores as well as happiness and several demographic factors. Results: Two hundred and sixteen students, 142(65.7%) females and 74 (34.3%) males with mean ages of 20.67Â±1.52 years old participated. There was a significant reverse correlation between happiness and depression scores (P<0.001) with correlation coefficient of -0.757. Coefficient for determination was 0.57 for this correlation. Significant negative relationship existed between happiness and addiction in the family (P=0.001). Positive correlation was found between happiness and marriage (P=0.036). Conclusion: This study reports when happiness score increases, the depression score decreases; however, the coefficient for determination of this correlation shows that only a little more than half of happiness changes are described and assessed with depression score. It seems that the two psychometric tools do not completely stand against each other. Hence, happiness cannot be translated to lack of happiness. For further evaluation of this relationship, case-control and cohort studies are needed in different populations. [GMJ.2016;5(2):75-81]
Correlation of Ki67 Expression with Hormone Receptors, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER-2) Status, P53 Mutation and Clinicopathological Characteristics in Pathologic Specimens of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Mirmalek Seyed Abbas , Ghorbani Maedeh , Gholamrezaei Boushehrinejad Ala , Salehi Masoud , Salimi-Tabatabaee Seyed Alireza , Aryan Hoda
Published: January 2022

Background: Breast cancer is the main cause of cancer in women and the second cause of maÂ­lignancy deaths. Ki-67 is one of the molecular markers used to evaluate cancer prognosis along with other factors such as age, tumor size, lymph node involvement, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), P53, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), histologÂ­ical and nuclear grades. This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation of KI-67 expression with some biomarkers and clinico-pathological characteristics in breast cancer patients. MateÂ­rials and Methods: A total of 513 cases (all female) aged 40- 80 years, were randomly selected from patients who were admitted in two centers affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Buo-alli and Kasra hospitals) over a 7-year period (2010-2015). Assessment of tumors for HER-2, P53, ER PR, pathological type and histologic grade was performed. Ki-67 labelling index (Ki-67LI) was defined as the percentage of MIB1-positive cells among a total number of 1,000 malignant cells at high-power magnification (Ã—400). Results: Our study showed that age, ER and PR status were negatively correlated with Ki-67LI (P<0.05). Moreover, number of lymph nodes involved, HER-2, P53 and nuclear grades had a positive correlation with Ki-67LI (P<0.05), whereas, tumor size and histological grade showed no significant correlation with Ki-67LI (P =0.195 and P=0.721, respectively). Conclusion: Results of our study and other studies confirm that the expression of Ki-67 is significantly associated with ER, PR, HER-2 and P53 status. On the other hand, Ki-67 relationship with clinical characteristics such as age, tumor size and lymph node metastasis is not completely established and needs further research.[GMJ.2016;5(2):90-97]
The Neuroprotective Effect of Atorvastatin on Apoptosis of Hippocampus Following Transient Global Ischemia/ Reperfusion
Authors: Movassaghi Shabnam , Faghani Masoumeh
Published: January 2022

Background: Hippocampus CA1 cells are highly sensitive to ischemia. Because of anti-oxidaÂ­tive property, atorvastatin by eliminating free radicals and other constituent due to cell lesions prevents damages or death of intact cells. The aim of this study is to determine neuroprotective effect of atorvastatin on apoptosis of hippocampus CA1 cells in male rats. Material and MethÂ­ods: In an experimental study 24 male rats â€“Wistar adult race- were divided into four groups: Ischemic, vehicle, treatment and control. In order to make an ischemic- reperfusion model, common carotid artery was clamped bilaterally for 20 minutes. In treatment group, the first dose of Atorvastatin (10mg/kg) was injected six hours after ischemic- reperfusion and 24, 48 and 72 later intraperitoneally. Four days after ischemic- reperfusion tissue section were obtained and stained using Nissl method. Then intact healthy pyramidal CA1 hippocampus cells were counted. TUKEY and One Way ANOVA were used for analyzing the obtained results. Results: No significant difference was found in numbers of healthy intake pyramidal and apoptotic cells of CA1 hippocampus region between treatment group (10mg/kg Atorvastatin) and controls, whereas a significant reduction of these cells was observed in ischemia and vehicle groups in comparison to controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: Using 10mg/kg atorvastatin following cerebral ischemia- reperfusion has a protective effect on pyramidal cells of CA1 region in hippocampus in male rats leading to reduction of degeneration and apoptosis.[GMJ.2016;5(2):82-89]
Pitfalls of Animal Study: Avicennaâ€™s View
Authors: Daneshfard Babak , Tafazoli Vahid , Nimrouzi Majid
Published: January 2022

Dear Editor-in-Chief

Undoubtedly, animal models have an important role in the development of basic biomedical sciences [1]. In addition, preclinical animal studies have been used to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments before conducting human trials [2]. However, there is a growing uncertainty regarding the essentiality of animal studies in progress of medicine [3]. It has been frequently reported that the results of these studies are poorly replicated in human studies even in high-quality animal investigations [3, 4].

Regarding the lack of evidence showing the benefits of animal research, poor methodologies, publication bias due to unpublished negative results, and inadequate systematic reviews and meta-analyses of animal studies are the main concerns [5, 2]. Moreover, there are so many obvious and obscure discrepancies between human and animals in different aspects among which, the diversity in their metabolism seems to be the most important one.

Nowadays, personalized medicine as a newcomer in the field of modern medicine is focusing on individual differences in pathogenesis and treatment of the diseases [6]. Similarly, the concept of Mezaj (constitution) which is one of the fundamental theories of Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM), is attributed to the necessity of personalization in medicine. Mezaj which is the final average of four main qualities of hotness, coldness, wetness, and dryness helps physicians to assess deviations of body organs from their normal homeostasis and differences between individuals [7, 8].

In this regard Avicenna (980-1037 AD), one of the great scholars of the Islamic Golden Age [9], believes that the normal constitution range of humanâ€™s body is completely different from animalâ€™s. Accordingly, the effects of drugs on animals could not be extended to the humans. In the second book of his masterpiece, Canon of medicine, he asserted that one of the criteria of drug evaluation in experimental approach is that it should be tested on humans because of its different power and effect on various animal species in comparison to humans. He also gives some examples such as Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) which cause hotness in human and coldness in lion and horse, or rather some materials which are poisonous to humans in spite of their ineffectiveness in animals [10]. Â Â Â Â Â 

It seems that current evidence besides our previous knowledge shows a necessity for revision in the application of animal studies in biomedical sciences.
Effect of Pentoxifylline on Apoptosis of Kidneyâ€™s Cells Following Acute Methamphetamine Administration in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Movassaghi Shabnam , Yousefi Oudarji Ali , Sharifi Zahra Nadia
Published: January 2022

Objective(s):Â  Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a hallucinogenic drug of abuse which is the most popular drugs in the world and has been shown to induce apoptosis in kidney cells. As Pentoxifylline (PTX) increases cAMP and reduces tumor necrosis factor-Î±, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline on kidney damage induced by acute administration of MDMA in male rat.

Materials & methods: Thirty male rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into five groups: including control (without any intervention), MDMA group ,the group received 7.5 mg/kg MDMA three times at every two hours for one day ,first experimental group, received 100 mg/kg PTX a week before MDMA administration, second experimental group received 100 mg/kg PTX Just in the time of the third injection of MDMA and the third experimental group received 100 mg/kg PTX followed by one dose of MDMA. Two weeks later, kidneys were removed and prepared for H&E staining, TUNEL and western blot techniques.Â 

Results: histopathological studies showed significantly decrease in the kidney cellular damage, in experimental group 1 compared to MDMA group. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was increased significantly in MDMA group. A significant difference was revealed in the mean number of TUNEL-positive cells between the rats treated with PTX before MDMA administration and MDMA group. Expression of active caspase-3 was significantly increased in the MDMA group. While the PTX treatment could significantly decrease when administrated before MDMA injections.

Conclusion: Pentoxifylline can significantly reduce the severity of lesions in the kidney following administration of MDMA.
Assessment of Toxoplasma Seropositivity in Children Suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Khosravi Mohammad Hossein , Afsharpaiman Shahla , Faridchehr Mahdi , Komijani Mojtaba , Radfar Shokoofeh , Amirsalari Susan , Torkaman Mohammad , Shirbazoo Shahnaz
Published: January 2022

Background: Toxoplasmosis, a protozoan infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is suggested to be a risk factor for many psychological disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders among children. Previous studies have assessed the correlation between ADHD and infectious diseases like toxoplasmosis. So we aimed to investigate the possible correlation between Toxoplasma seropositivity and ADHD in children. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study children with signs of ADHD were regarded as patients and underwent clinical assessments. Diagnosis of these patients was based on DSM-IV-TR system which was performed by a pediatric psychiatrist. Forty-eight Children without signs of ADHD or other psychic disorders were considered as control, and 48 patients were considered as case group. Parents were asked to answer a questionnaire including demographic, pregnancy and habitual questions. Blood samples were taken from all individuals and assessed for anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies. Results: Ninety-six male and female patients with a mean age of 8.12 years underwent analysis. Seropositivity rate for anti-T.gondii IgG antibody was 4.2% in the case and 2.1% in control individuals (P=0.92). Anti-T.gondii IgM antibodies were not found in control individuals while it was found in 2.1% of case individuals (P=0.74). There was no statistically significant association between seroprevalence of IgM (P=0.74) and IgG (P=0.92) antibodies and ADHD in study individuals. Conclusion: Our findings showed that the toxoplasmosis seropositivity has no significant difference between children with and without ADHD. Further studies are needed with a larger amount of individuals. [GMJ. 2016;5(4):188-93]
Antimicrobial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Habibi-Pirkoohi Maziar , Soleimani Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Background: Development of new antimicrobial drugs targeting virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria is an effective strategy to address increasing emergence of resistant bacterial strains. Considering the clinical importance of Staphylococcus aureus and global emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of this pathogen, the present study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) on growth and capsule formation as a virulence factor of S.aureus. Materials and Methods: The SNPs were biologically synthesized by unicellular microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and its inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus and expression of capsule encoding gene (cap8) was quantitatively evaluated by serial microdilution and Real-Time PCR; respectively. The growth rate of S. aureus under nanoparticles treatment was monitored in a six-hour interval. Results: The results obtained in this research indicated the formation of monodisperse spherical SNPs that inhibited S. aureus growth at a concentration of 50Î¼g/ml (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)=50Î¼g/ml). The growth kinetic analysis showed that S. aureus growth was significantly diminished immediately after treatment. Moreover, the SNPs decreased expression of type 8 capsule (cap8) gene even at concentrations below MIC value. Conclusion: The results of this experiment suggest that biologically synthesized SNPs are fairly ideal candidates for the development of new antimicrobial drugs against S. aureus. [GMJ.2016;5(4):200-7]
Imaging of Cerebral Venous and Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Saadatnia Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Early   and correct diagnosis of cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST) is necessary for prompt management of this disorder. Neuro-imaging is a crucial part of diagnosis of CVST.  I reviewed the findings of non-enhanced computerized tomography (CT), Contrast enhanced CT, CT venography (CTV), different techniques of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MR venography, and digital subtraction angiography. I also reviewed the potential pitfalls in image interpretation.
Color Doppler Ultrasound of Carotid and Vertebral Vessels: Anatomy, Technique and Reporting
Authors: Lotfi Mehrzad
Published: January 2022

Color Doppler study of carotid and vertebral arteries is a non-invasive, reliable and also easily available, cost-effective method for screening and follows up of patients at risk of stroke to differentiate patients need surgery or intervention from whom could be followed by medical management. I   reviewed anatomy of cervical arteries and different techniques such as B- mode or gray scale scanning, color flow mapping and spectral analysis for evaluation of both carotid and vertebral arteries.
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Authors: Yadollahikhales Golnaz , Borhani-Haghighi Afshin , Safari Anahid , Wasay Mohammad , C.Edgell Randall
Published: January 2022

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is occlusion of dural sinuses and/or cortical veins due to clot formation. It is a potentially   life-threatening condition that requires rapid diagnosis and urgent treatment.Cerebral venous thrombosis is   more common in   females and young people. Pregnancy, postpartum state, contraceptive pills,  infection, malignancy,  hyper-coagulable state, rheumatological disorders, trauma are among the major etiologies of cerebral venous thrombosis. Headache, focal neurologic deficits and seizure were the most common clinical presentations. Different techniques of unenhanced and contrast enhanced   brain  computerized tomography(CT scan)  and ,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) are the most helpful ancillary investigations for diagnosis of Cerebral venous thrombosis.Specific treatment  of the underlying cause of cerebral venous thrombosis should be considered as the mainstay of the treatment. Anticoagulation with heparin or low molecular weight heparinoids  is  the most accepted treatment. In acute phase, medical   or surgical management to decrease intracranial pressure (ICP) is   also recommended. If the patient's clinical   condition aggravates despite adequate anticoagulation, thrombolysis  or mechanical thrombectomy can be an additive option.
An Occipital Headache as the First Presentation of Multiple Third, Fourth, and Lateral Ventricular Cavernous Malformations: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Farahmand Habib , Vakilian Alireza , Moghadam Ahmadi Amir
Published: January 2022

Background: Cavernous hemangiomas are common benign vascular malformations. Their existence in the intraventricular region is very rare. Case Reports: A 43-year old woman with an occipital headache was admitted to the emergency ward. Brain computed tomography scan showed mild hydrocephalus and multiple intraventricular isodense lesions. Imaging findings, especially of Gradient Resonance Echo imaging, were in favor of multiple intraventricular cavernous malformations. Conclusion: This is a rare presentation of multiple cavernous malformation as occipital headache without needing surgical intervention in this phase. Coexistence of periventricular plaques like Radiologically isolated syndrome of Multiple sclerosis is another unique aspect in this report. [GMJ.2017;6(1):61-65]
Which Aroma In Iranian Traditional Medicine Is Effective On Sleep Disorders?
Authors: Keyhanmehr Armaghan Sadat , Movahhed Mina , Sahranavard Shamim , Hamdieh Mostafa , Afsharpaiman Shahla , Gachkar Latif , Nikfarjad Hossein
Published: January 2022

Sleep disorder is considered as a common problem throughout the world. Aromatherapy is a kind of treatment performed by using essential oils of plants for improving disease. There is much evidence in the literature, including Iranian traditional medicine, which confirms its positive effects on improving sleep disorder. Related keywords searched some Iranian traditional medicine texts and some new valid databases. In Iranian traditional medicine, aromatherapy is one of the methods of treatment for improving sleep disorders and its done by the temperamental approach. Aroma temperament, brain mal-temperament and specific performance of aroma are three factors for selection of the plants. Fourteen aromatic plants are introduced that can be effective by hypnotic in insomnia and reducing sleep in oversleeping. Aromatherapy is an effective method to improve sleep disorders, and it can be used through various plants in the more specified way with fewer side effects using temperamental approach. [GMJ.2017;6(1):3-11]
Morphometric Study of Mitral Valve Annulus in Iran
Authors: Mohtaj Tahereh , H. Aazami Mathias , Sazegar Ghassem , Poorzand Hoorak , Hedjazi Aria , Morovatdar Negar , Toorabi Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Background: This study aimed to determine the normal dimensions of the mitral annulus (MA) in Iranian population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using 88 fresh hearts of male and female cadavers for six months in Mashhad, Iran. Normal data were determined by measuring the exact dimensions of the MA in fresh hearts of patients who had died of non-cardiac causes and considering some parameters such as age, gender, stature, and weight. Images of the valves and leaflets were prepared by marking the anterior (A2, midpoint of anterior) and posterior areas of P1, P2, and P3 using a needle. To analyze the data, SPSS version 16 was used. Results: The means of anatomic area, anatomic perimeter, inter-commissural distance, A2-P1, A2-P2, A2-P3, Base-P1, Base-P2, Base-P3, and Base-A were 14±1.28, 8.3±1, 2.7±0.42, 2.27±0.37, 2.3±0.43, 2.06±0.35, 1.66±0.43, 1.2±0.97, 1.5±0.66, and 3.2±0.52, respectively. Comparison of the age groups regarding valve leaflets showed that Strut-P1 and Base-P2 were significantly different. Comparison of the valve leaflets and sub-valve indicators between the two genders reflected no significant differences. Age groups differed significantly in terms of Strut-P1 and Base-P2 (P=0.004 and P=00.1, respectively). Conclusions: A2-P3, A2-P1, anatomic perimeter, and anatomic area were found to be related to gender. A2-P1 and A2-P2 and some leaflet indicators such as Strut-P1 and Base-P2 were associated with age, whereas Base-P2 was affected by body mass index. [GMJ.2018;7:e1078]
Genotyping and Phylogenetic Analysis of Group B Streptococcus by Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis in Iran
Authors: Khodaei Farzaneh , Sadeghi Kalani Behrooz , Alizadeh Naser , Hassani Alka , Najafi Mohammad , Kalantar Enayatollah , Amini Abbas , Aghazadeh Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS), also known as Streptococcus agalactiae, is well known as a causative agent for neonatal invasive diseases; it is also a major pathogen in adults. Analytic epidemiology is required to monitor the clinical isolates of GBS. However, there is insufficient information on the genetic background of GBS in Iran, and this information is needed to guide and develop a GBS vaccine. Materials and Methods: In total, 90 well-characterized GBS isolates were collected from April 2014 to August 2015. In this study, molecular typing was used to disclose a relationship between the multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) types, serotyping, and pilus islands. The isolates were characterized by the types of capsular polysaccharides and pilus islands and were examined by MLVA to study the epidemiological relationship of isolates. Results: The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the distribution of serotypes and pilus island genes; GBS isolates were differentiated into 12 types by capsular polysaccharides and pilus islands analysis. The discriminatory power of an MLVA analysis was high based on the five most variable numbers of tandem repeat loci and 44 MLVA types that were identified. Conclusions: This study has provided useful insights into the genetic heterogeneity of GBS isolates in Tehran and Alborz, Iran. The extensive distribution of pilus islands in various serotypes and MLVA types throughout the GBS population refers to the advancement of the pilus-based GBS vaccines. [GMJ.2018;7:e1121]
Study of the Role of Dopamine Receptors in Streptozotocin-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior Using the Forced Swim Test Model
Authors: Roostaei Afshin , Vaezi Gholamhassan , Nasehi Mohammad , Haeri-Rohani Ali , Zarrindast Mohammad-Reza
Published: January 2022

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. It is caused by an absolute or relative insulin deficiency or an insulin function deficiency. It is one of the major risk factors of depression, with the rate of depression in diabetic patients amounting to as high as 30%. This study examined the role of dopamine receptors in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced depressive-like behavior using the forced swim test (FST). Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 56 Wistar male rats. STZ at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg body weight was administered via intraperitoneal (IP) route to induce diabetes and depression in rats. Thereafter, by using halobenzazepine (SCH23390) (D1 dopamine receptor antagonist) and sulpiride (D2 receptor dopamine receptor antagonist), the role of dopamine receptors in STZ-induced depression was studied. The one-way analysis of variance technique, Tukey’s range test, and t-test were used to analyze the data. The P-value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: Our study showed that STZ at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg, two weeks after injection, caused prolonged immobility in FST, indicating depressive-like behavior (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). SCH23390 (0.001 mg/mL/kg) and sulpiride (0.1mg/mL/kg) did not change the variables of depression in animals that received STZ (at doses of 30 and 60 mg/mL/kg) two weeks before (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to our study, STZ has a depressive-like behavior two weeks after injection, and dopamine receptors do not play a role in depression associated with STZ use. [GMJ.2018;7:e954]
POSSIBILIDADES PEDAGÓGICAS PARA O TRABALHO COM ALUNOS COM BAIXA VISÃO:
Authors: SANTOS DOUGLAS MANOEL ANTONIO DE ABREU PESTANA DOS
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral apresentar estratégias pedagógicas direcionadas para alunos com baixa visão, e para desenvolver esse objetivo é fundamental que os objetivos específicos estejam dispostos sobre uma sólida fundamentação teórica. Num primeiro momento vamos conceituar a baixa visão, para isso utilizaremos para referência autores como: Domingues; Carvalho; Arruda (2010), Lima (2006), CID 10 sobre a classificação para deficiência visual; Romagnolli; Ross (2008), Sá; Campos; Silva (2007), Orrico; Canejo; Fogli (2013) e Machado (2009), logo após, será discutido sobre quais mecanismos legais garantem a inclusão para os alunos com deficiência e posteriormente abordaremos sobre quais estratégias pedagógicas podem ser utilizadas na sala regular para os alunos com baixa visão. Esta pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, se fundamenta com referencial bibliográfico e documental que são anunciados no avançar do texto. Através desta pesquisa ficou demostrado que existe uma gama de alterações visuais que precisam ser previamente conhecidas para que haja uma utilização adequada dos recursos pedagógicos, e que os materiais possam estar adaptados para que possa contribuir no desenvolvimento do ensino e aprendizagem de alunos com baixa visão.
BRACONAGEM E ANTROPOFAGIA EM A MULHER QUE COMEU O AMANTE DE BERNARDO ÉLIS
Authors: Oliveira Antônio , Neto José Elias Pinheiro
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é perceber, em A mulher que comeu o amante, relações referentes à braconagem em suas diversas relações intertextuais, estabelecendo-se uma feição antropofágica e enquadrando-se em uma característica pós-moderna. Há na ruptura com a estética clássica, bem como apropriação da história, uma transfiguração para o plano literário podendo fazer da trama ficcional um objeto de estudo. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica contrapondo teóricos ao texto bernardiano, dentre os quais destacam-se: COUTINHO (1999), HAUSER (1976) e OLIVAO (1981).
A QUESTÃO DO LÚDICO DENTRO DO TRABALHO PEDAGÓGICO
Authors: Conceição Andreia Maria Silva da , Azevedo Gilson Xavier de
Published: January 2022

Desde o início da humanidade, os jogos, brinquedos e brincadeiras fazem parte do mundo da criança. O presente artigo aborda a importância do lúdico no processo de ensino-aprendizagem demonstrando que as atividades lúdicas são indispensáveis para o desenvolvimento sadio e para a apreensão dos conhecimentos da criança, uma vez que possibilita o desenvolvimento da percepção, da imaginação, da fantasia e dos sentimentos. A Pedagogia e a psicopedagogia estudam e lidam com o processo de aprendizagem e dificuldades atuando numa linha preventiva e terapêutica. Por meio das atividades lúdicas, a criança comunica-se consigo mesma e com o mundo, aceita a existência dos outros, estabelece relações sociais, constrói conhecimentos, desenvolvendo-se integralmente. Dessa maneira, é ressaltado o lúdico como forma de aprendizagem no contexto escolar, onde o aprender se torna prazeroso à medida que a criança se sente estimulada por meio das brincadeiras espontâneas e direcionadas pelos educadores durante as atividades escolares.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DA APRENDIZAGEM EM CRIANÇAS COM TDAH
Authors: Pimentel Luan Narone Oliveira , Albuquerque Silvia Roberta Do Nascimento de , Azevedo Gilson Xavier de
Published: January 2022

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar relatar pelo olhar dos profissionais da educação envolvidos com estes alunos de como se dá o ensino-aprendizagem por levantamento de dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, além de conceituar e caracterizar o TDAH, conhecendo suas causas, seu diagnóstico, sintomas, tratamento das crianças e como o pedagogo atua diante ao cenário nas escolas públicas e privadas do Município de Santo Antônio do Descoberto em tempos de pandemia na modalidade de ensino remoto. Justifica-se o presente estudo, pelo fato de que o Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH) vem sendo discutido com frequência no meio escolar, devido este tipo de transtorno de aprendizagem ser fator comum no cotidiano das escolas em relação a outros transtornos de aprendizagem. Questiona-se como professores e equipe gestora precisaram se adaptar aos moldes do ensino a distância e procurar novas estratégias de ensino para com estes alunos? A hipótese a ser considerada é a de que os professores ainda não se sentem preparados para lidar com transtorno quando o assunto é a aprendizagem. A metodologia utilizada que pareceu mais assertiva foi o estudo exploratório de caráter bibliográfico com pesquisa de campo e análise qualitativa dos dados coletados. Como resultado, aponta-se que a produção dessa pesquisa possibilitou a observar o TDAH com uma visão mais reflexiva, sobre a importância da formação do pedagogo para lidar com o TDAH, sendo que é preciso que esse profissional atue junto com a família e escola para obter êxito do desenvolvimento do potencial do aluno.
LUDICIDADE NA ALFABETIZAÇÃO: MAIS QUE JOGOS E BRINCADEIRAS
Authors: Brito José Andson Aquino de , Nascimento Luiz Cosmo Souza do , Azevedo Gilson Xavier de
Published: January 2022

O presente estudo teve como objetivo discorrer sobre a importância da ludicidade, utilizada como recurso na auxiliar a construção do conhecimento na educação infantil. Justifica-se o presente estudo pela observação de que professores da pré-escola utilizam jogos e brincadeiras como integrante e diário do processo educacional, além do que, durante o curso várias matérias e inúmeros professores citavam os termos “lúdico e ludicidade” e em rodas de conversas com os demais acadêmicos sempre esses termos eram recorrentes. Questiona-se qual a relevância do lúdico nos processos educacionais? A hipótese padrão foi verificar a sua utilização por professores pré-escolares da rede municipal de educação de Planaltina-GO e da rede distrital de educação de Planaltina-DF. Outra hipótese é a de que existem evidências científicas suficientes de que as brincadeiras e os jogos, desenvolvem a criança em suas habilidades sociais, intelectuais e motoras, contribuindo para a aquisição do conhecimento e desenvolvimento de forma integral da criança. A metodologia usada para realização deste trabalho foi a exploratória de caráter bibliográfico com pesquisa de campo com coleta de dados por meio da entrevista com 3 professoras da rede pública municipal, realizadas no primeiro semestre de 2021. Os resultados indicaram que para as professoras entrevistadas a ludicidade é uma ferramenta primordial e que deve ser aplicada diariamente em espaços destinados à educação infantil. Ressalta-se ainda, que o brinquedo e a brincadeira intervêm no aprendizado da criança e por isso é primordial inserir nos processos educacionais. Nesse período de pandemia as professoras tinham o cuidado de passar atividades com materiais que as crianças tinham em casa, utilizavam principalmente materiais recicláveis.
A ALFABETIZAÇÃO BILINGUE COMO POSSIBILIDADE DIDÁTICA
Authors: Marra Lizorrane Maria De Jesus Almeida , Costa Ricardo Florencio , Azevedo Gilson Xavier de
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar se existem evidências em pesquisa conclusas de que as formas a alfabetização e o letramento bilingues podem influenciar na vida de um aluno. Partindo deste pressuposto empírico que essa metodologia de ensino possa ser realmente benéfica para os educandos, analisaremos com base em livros, artigos, experiencias cientificas se essa teoria se confirma na prática didática e quais os possíveis benefícios que essa metodologia pode ofertar. O artigo trabalhou com duas hipóteses: a) a alfabetização e o letramento bilingues causa problemas no processo de ensino retardando o desenvolvimento cognitivo dos estudantes b) a alfabetização e o letramento bilingues é um importante processo de desenvolvimento cognitivo dos estudantes. Para chegar ao resultado da hipótese será realizada a análise da obtenção das competências da linguagem escrita e verbal em ambos os idiomas. A análise foi realizada mediante revisão bibliográfica de artigos realizados com base em experimentos sociais realizados em diversos contextos escolares. Como resultados das revisões biográficas foi contatado que a hipóteses que a alfabetização e o letramento bilingue atrapalhariam o desenvolvimento intelectual das crianças foi refutado pelos métodos científicos, quanto a análise dos benefícios foi contado diversos benefícios, tais como, aumento da habilidade cognitiva, facilidade em adquirir novas competências linguísticas e ampliação das oportunidades de emprego.
The Ethos of War Literature in For Whom the Bell Tolls
Authors: Iqbal Nasir , Hayat Umar , Nadeem Muhammad Asif
Published: January 2022

The aim of this research paper is to demonstrate that Hemingway's work, ‘For Whom the Bell Tolls’ to show commitment to representing the war literature in which he realistically depicts the war scenes and the crippling impact of violence upon the individuals. This research is qualitative research carried out within the framework of theory, fiction, and history. We have deeply and analytically studied the text and marked the relevant portions. After many close readings and intensive study of the text, the relevant textual evidence was located, marked, and extracted. In 'For Whom the Bell Tolls, Hemingway enthusiastically depicts the heroic actions of Robert Jordan, the American protagonist, fighting for the Spanish cause and the other loyalists who were engaged in resisting fascist aggression against the democratic setup.
POLYPHENOLS AS A MEANS TO CORRECT OXIDATIVE-NITROSATIVE STRESS IN SKELETAL MUSCLES OF RATS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Frenkel Yu.D. , Cherno V.S. , Kostenko V.O.
Published: January 2022

The studies were carried out on 35 Wistar white male rats weighing 215-255 g, divided into 5 groups: intact animals (group 1, control I); animals of other groups exposed to round-the-clock illumination (1500 lux during the last 30 days of the experiment) and kept on a carbohydrate-lipid diet (60 days) daily received 1 ml of a 20% aqueous fructose solution (group 2, "placebo", control II), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (group 3, a daily dose of 40 mg/kg), quercetin (group 4, a daily dose of 200 mg/kg), and resveratrol (group 5, a daily dose of 5 mg/kg). The substances were administered intragastrically. Polyphenols were injected together with carbohydrates, a 20% aqueous fructose solution, which increases their solubility and bioavailability. Modelled metabolic syndrome (MS) manifested the development of signs of oxidative-nitrosative stress in the muscles of the thigh: an increase in the superoxide anion radical generation by NADPHand NADHdependent electron transport systems (by microsomal monooxygenases and NO-synthase, by the mitochondrial respiratory chain); elevation in the activity of NO-synthase due to its inducible isoenzyme, and peroxynitrite concentration. The administration of polyphenols (epigallocatechin-3-gallate, quercetin, and resveratrol) over the MS modelling has been found out as an effective means to restrain the signs of oxidative-nitrosative stress in the muscles of the thigh that is confirmed by a decrease in the production of superoxide anion radicals by NADPHand NADH-dependent electron transport systems and constitutive isoform of NO-synthase, by lowered activity of NO-synthase due to its inducible isoform and a fall in the concentration of peroxynitrites. Thus, the capability of bioflavonoids and resveratrol to restrict oxidative-nitrosative stress in skeletal muscles under experimental conditions gives grounds to investigate them as safe and effective means in the therapy and prevention of metabolic syndrome associated with the impact of such factors as the modern "Western diet" and the light regime impairment.
THERMOMETRIC PORTRAIT OF ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL WHEN PLANNING HERNIOPLASTY IN UNGUINAL HERNIA
Authors: Drabovsky V.S. , Malik S.V. , Chelishvili A.L. , Gonzhak B.I. , Osipov O.S.
Published: January 2022

The period of the Covid-19 pandemic has given a new impetus to the wider application of remote infrared thermometry. In addition to remote body temperature measurement, the portable infrared thermal devices can non-invasively and reliably measure the local temperature of various parts of the body. High informative value of these parameters increases the relevance of such technique for monitoring and control of the effectiveness of surgical treatment, prediction of early postoperative complications, providing information about individual thermometric characteristics of different topographic and anatomical areas. This work is based on the analysis of local temperature of the anterior abdominal wall of healthy people and patients who were hospitalized for elective surgery for inguinal hernia, to determine the dependence of local temperature parameters on age, sex, type of constitution, depth of subcutaneous tissue, duration of hernia history, the presence of episodes of pinching, in order to improve the able to predict the development of local wound complications. The analysis of the results obtained enabled us to conclude that the preoperative thermometric profile of the anterior abdominal wall depends on the thickness of the skin and fat folds; remote infrared thermometry is a up-to-date non-contact diagnostic technique, which should be used to predict local wound complications based on the background and local temperature of symmetrical areas of the anterior abdominal wall. The decrease in temperature in the area of the spermatic cord in men with inguinal hernias indicates microcirculatory impairment in these structures.
PECULIARITIES OF INSTITUTIONAL STAGE OF INPATIENT REHABILITATION AFTER CARDIO-SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS
Authors: Teslenko Y.V. , Pysana B.A. , Rustamian S.T.
Published: January 2022

Cardiovascular diseases are still ranking the leading position among the commonest disabling diseases and the causes of mortality. The increase in the number of cardiac surgical operations performed requires the development of effective rehabilitation measures. Due to the patient’s individual characteristics, there is a need to develop and test rehabilitation programs for patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), or valve prosthetics. The aim of the study is to determine the principal features of cardiac rehabilitation for patients after cardiac surgery and to evaluate the effectiveness of multicomponent individualized cardiac rehabilitation programs. The study was conducted at the recently opened Department of Rehabilitation and Planned Cardiology of the Poltava Regional Clinical Medical Cardiovascular Center. The study involved patients, who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and valve prosthetics. Effective rehabilitation for patients after cardiac surgery requires determining the level of their rehabilitation potential that enables to choose the optimal pace and scope of rehabilitation measures, based on individual indicators of patients. The implementation of multicomponent cardiac rehabilitation programs with an individualized approach based on rehabilitation potential in patients after cardiac surgery significantly reduces the length of hospital staying, promotes the widening in the range of motor modes; as well as contributes to improvement of the quality of life compared to the patients after cardiac surgery who received standard rehabilitation program. Early start of rehabilitation measures in patients after surgical operations also enhances better recovery of lost functions. The 6-minute walk test at the beginning and the end of the inpatient stage treatment enables to estimate the efficiency of rehabilitation measures.
Аналіз провідного вітчизняного та зарубіжного досвіду з розвитку науково-педагогічного потенціалу університетів
Authors: Скиба Юрій , Чорнойван Ганна , Жабенко Олександр , Ярошенко Ольга , Отич Олена , Мельник Сергій
Published: January 2022

Аналітичні матеріали (препринт) присвячено проблемі розвитку науково-педагогічного потенціалу університетів України в контексті розширення інституційної автономії. Авторами на основі аналізу вітчизняної та зарубіжної практики розкрито вітчизняні здобутки і проблеми, також окреслено прогресивні ідеї зарубіжного досвіду в розвитку науково-педагогічного потенціалу університетів. Упровадження аналітичних матеріалів (препринту) сприятиме залученню розробників освітньої політики, керівників закладів вищої освіти, науковців, науково-педагогічних працівників і здобувачів вищої освіти до теоретичних основ розвитку науково-педагогічного потенціалу університетів України з метою розроблення стратегій розвитку університетів, підвищення їх рейтингу та конкурентоспроможності в Європейському просторі вищої освіти. Для розробників освітньої політики, науковців, керівників закладів вищої освіти, науково-педагогічних працівників і здобувачів вищої освіти.
Клініко-демографічні характеристики, ведення пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом 2-го типу та судинними ускладненнями: аналіз української когорти реєстру DISCOVER Global Registry
Authors: Parkhomenko O. M. , Mankovsky B. M. , Vlasenko M. V. , Sokolova L. K. , Lutay Ya. M. , Irkin O. I. , Feiziieva O. L. , Kostetska S. O. , Onachenko L. S. , Vilchynska N. V. , Shkarivska S. V. , Kravchuk N. I. , Chub D. I. , Pertseva N. O. , Malyar K. Yu. , Neporada V. G. , Saienko Ya. A. , Dovhan O. V.
Published: January 2022

The aim – to describe baseline data of the Ukraine cohort of DISCOVER Global Registry (DGR) with real-world insights on current treatment practices, complications, and associated clinical outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and methods. This healthcare provider-led prospective registry involves non‑interventional data collection from adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with T2DM receiving standard medical care as part of routine clinical practice per their treating physician’s discretion. Results and discussion. The initial data of 353 people with T2DM, who were included in the Ukrainian cohort of the DGR Register, were analyzed. The mean (±standard deviation) age of the study population was 58.85±10.02 years with female predominance (64 % [n=226]). The mean T2DM duration was 10.27±12.15 years with a mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 8.62±1.89 %. Only one-fifth (20.5 %, n=59) of the patients had glycemic control (HbA1c < 7.0 %). Among those with any complication, 73.8 % had microvascular and 79.3 % had cardiovascular complications. Retinopathy and heart failure were the most common microvascular and cardiovascular complications, respectively. Overall, 88 % of the patients were taking any antidiabetic therapy; of these, 27.3 % received insulin (monotherapy: n=28; combination therapy: n=57). As oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD), 32.2 % and 12.9 % received metformin and sulphonylurea monotherapies, respectively; minor proportions received newer OAD monotherapy (sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors [4.8 %] and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor [1 %]).Conclusions. Baseline data from the Ukraine cohort of DGR reveals poor glycemic control, with a higher mean HbA1c and proportion of patients with micro- and cardiovascular complications than that of the global cohort. The landscape of therapeutic agents displayed marked diversities in the management strategies. Robust real-world data from the DGR can help understand the gaps in care of T2DM patients and lights the need of the formulation of region-specific holistic therapeutic strategies to optimize glycemic control and improving clinical patients’ outcomes.