bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kombinasi Tepung Ubi Ungu (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) dan Minyak Kelapa sebagai Pengganti Jagung dalam Ransum terhadap Performa dan Mortalitas Puyuh Jantan
Authors: Dapawisi Nofembrianto Erdy , Mulyantini N. G. A. , Ballo Victor  J.
Published: October 2022

Tujuan  penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kombinasi ubi ungu daun kelor dan minyak kelapa sebagai pengganti jagung dalam ransum terhadap konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan dan mortalitas puyuh jantan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak kelompok terdiri atas 5 kelompok dan 4 ransum perlakuan yaitu R0: jagung 35,42%, konsentrat 56,43% , dedak 8,15%; R1: 25% kombinasi tepung ubi ungu, daun kelor dan minyak kelapa menggantikan jagung; R2: 50% kombinasi tepung ubi ungu, daun kelor dan minyak kelapa menggantikan jagung; R3: 75% kombinasi tepung ubi ungu, daun kelor dan minyak kelapa menggantikan jagung. Analisis varian membuktikan penggunaan tepung ubi ungu, daun kelor dan minyak kelapa sebagai pengganti jagung tidak berpengaruh  nyata (P>0,05) pada konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi ransum dan mortalitas puyuh jantan. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa ransum perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi ransum dan mortalitas puyuh jantan.
 
The purpose of this study was to determine the combination of purple sweet potato leaves and coconut oil as a substitute for corn in the ration on ration consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion and mortality of male quail. The method used was a randomized block design consisting of 5 groups and 4 treatment rations, namely R0: corn 35.42%, concentrate 56.43%, bran 8.15%; R1: 25% combination of purple sweet potato flour, Moringa leaves and coconut oil replaces corn; R2: 50% combination of purple sweet potato flour, Moringa leaves and coconut oil replaces corn; R3: 75% combination of purple sweet potato flour, Moringa leaves and coconut oil replaces corn. Analysis of variance proved that the use of purple sweet potato flour, moringa leaves and coconut oil as a substitute for corn had no significant effect (P>0.05) on ration consumption, body weight gain, ration conversion and male quail mortality. From the results of the study, it was concluded that the treatment ration had no effect on ration consumption, body weight gain, ration conversion and mortality of male quail.
Okul Müdürlerinin Teknoloji liderliği Üzerine Bir Meta-Sentez Çalışması
Authors: DİKMEN Handan
Published: October 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, 2010-2022 yılları arasında okul müdürlerinin teknoloji liderliği alanında yazılan nitel lisansüstü tezlerin ve nitel makalelerin meta-sentez yöntemiyle incelenmesidir. Çalışmada doküman incelemesiyle ulaşılan bulguların analizi sunulmuştur. Yükseköğretim Kurulunun tez arama sayfasında “teknoloji liderliği, okul müdürleri, dijital liderlik,” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak okul müdürlerinin teknoloji liderliği alanındaki lisansüstü tezleri ve TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM, DergiPark, Google schoolar’dan bulunan makalelere ulaşılmıştır. Veri analiz yöntemi olarak araştırmada içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları, okul müdürlerinin teknoloji liderliği konusunda Yükseköğretim Kurulunun tez arama sayfasında tarama yapıldığında çalışmaların daha çok nicel araştırmalar üzerinden gerçekleştiği anlaşılmıştır. Araştırmaya dahil edilecek lisansüstü tez çalışmaları tarandığında alanda nitel çalışmadan çok nicel araştırma yapıldığı görülmektedir. Teknolojik liderlik konusunda yıllara göre araştırma sayıları incelendiğinde 2019 yılında daha çok araştırma yapıldığı bunun sebebinin de salgın süreci olduğu düşünülmektedir. Araştırmaya dahil edilen nitel araştırmalarda ağırlıklı olarak fenomonoloji (olgubilim) ve görüşme yönteminin kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Araştırmaya dahil edilen nitel lisansüstü tezlerde ve nitel makalelerde veri analizi olarak betimsel analiz ve içerik analizinin daha çok kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak okul müdürlerinin teknoloji liderliği alanında yapılan lisansüstü tezlerin ve yazılan makalelerin pandemi sürecinden sonra daha çok arttığı ve bu çalışmaların büyük bir kısmının nicel araştırmalar olduğu söylenebilir.
Estimation of Optimal Blasting Geometry Using Multivariate Modeling to Reduce Boulder Potential and Improve Mining Production
Authors: Andre Octova  , Milia Putri  , Dedi Yulhendra
Published: October 2022

One of the most critical stages in mining operations is rock encroachment. A commonly used method of laying rocks is blasting which aims to cleave rocks according to the size of the planned fragmentation. The effectiveness of a blasting activity is a benchmark for the success of loading and transportation activities which greatly affects the achievement of mining production targets. This study aims to estimate the optimum blasting geometry to minimize the percentage of the number of boulders so that loading activities become more effective and production targets are achieved. The research case study was conducted on 8 blasting blocks in the South Osela Pit located at PT J Resources Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research data consists of detonation fragmentation, digging time, cycle time, digging rate, and ore mining productivity. The research method was carried out by multivariate modeling and estimation of blasting geometry. The results of multivariate modeling show that to achieve the production target of 700 bcm / hour, the percentage of boulders < 4%, digging time 8 seconds, cycle time 14 seconds, and digging rate 800 bcm / hour. The results of the blasting geometry estimation show that to get the percentage of the number of boulders < 4 % then the optimum blasting geometry is a burden of 3.8 meters; spacebar 3.2 meters; stemming 2.2 meters; blast hole depth 5.8 meters, and powder factor 0.42 Kg/bcm.
Calculation of The Cost of Underground Mining Activities on Tunnel 9 PT. Allied Indo Coal Jaya
Authors: Muhammad Zaki Fatlut Rahman
Published: October 2022

Allied Indo Coal Jaya is one of the mining companies with types of coal mining materials. Mining methods used by PT. Allied Indo Coal Jaya is an open-pit mining and underground mining method. In the underground mining method, the adding system used is a room and pillar where coal extraction activities are carried out semi-conventionally and detonation. Blasting is carried out to support coal production activities to achieve the targets set by the company. However, the problem faced today is the non-achievement of the production target in Tunnel 9, which is 33 tons of coal while the actual production is 18.70 tons of coal. The non-achievement of production targets due to the geometry of blasting is inadequate for the dismantling of coal with the desired target. Based on the calculation of the dimensions of mine progress, it was found that the coal production yield was 17.03 tons of coal, while for blasting activities using the theory of R. L. Ash, it was found that the blasting result was 12.60 tons of coal. With blasting activities that were able to dismantle 12.60 tons of coal and the number of workers as many as 6 people, a mining profit of Rp.52,435,619.27 was obtained. Increased blasting twice daily and the addition of 8 personnel in Tunnel 9 are the answers to raising coal productivity. The addition of blasting activities and the number of workers can increase coal products to 35.20 tons of coal with a mining profit of Rp. 108,407,142,864.
Mapping The Rate Of Deforestation In South Kalimantan Using Landsat Imagery
Authors: Reza Mardianis  , Pakhrur Razi
Published: October 2022

South Kalimantan Province is an area that has a very large forest area, but this forest continues to decrease due to deforestation. Deforestation continues to be one of the factors causing flooding. Flooding in this area is a recurring disaster that must be overcome. For this reason, it is necessary to calculate changes in forest area so that forest processing can be carried out properly and that banners can be overcome. In this study, the rate of deforestation was calculated using a map of land use change in South Kalimantan Province through the google earth engine platform using Landsat imagery. The method in this research is supervised classification, which is taking polygon samples in land use classification. The image classification algorithm with javascript on the google earth engine platform will classify the same pixel values into the same classification based on the samples that have been made. Through this platform, images in geo.tif format will be obtained. then the image is processed using ArcGIS software to process the image into a map and the area of each classification. This map was then overlaid between 2015, 2018, and 2020 to see the changes. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there was a change in land use, especially in the forest class and community plantations. Forests decreased to 311,255 hectares with a decreasing rate of 62,251 hectares every year, while community plantations increased by 328,858 hectares with an increase of 65,771 hectares every year.
Comparison of Cinnamon and Vitex on Improving Sexual Function in Postmenopausal Women: A Triple-blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Koliji Tanya , Keshavarz Zohrah , Mojab Faraz , Nasiri Malihe , Zare Elham
Published: October 2022

Background: Sexual dysfunction is one of the most common problems following menopause. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cinnamon and vitex on improving sexual function in postmenopausal women. Methods: This study was a randomized triple-blind clinical trial with a control group. Randomized sampling was used to allocate postmenopausal women into three cinnamon, vitex, and placebo groups of 35. A sexual function index was utilized before and two and three months after the intervention to assess sexual functioning. SPSS version 21 software was used for analysis. Results: The mean age was 54.45 ± 3.73 years. The overall sexual function score in the two cinnamon and vitex groups showed a statistically significant difference before and after treatment compared to the placebo group (P < 0.00). In the vitex group, sexual desire (P = 0.00) and arousal (P = 0.02) increased significantly compared to pre-intervention, and this significant increase was observed in the cinnamon group in lubricity (P = 0.00) and sexual satisfaction (P = 0.03). Conclusions: Cinnamon and vitex are effective medicinal herbs to alleviate sexual function.
Some Notes on the Four-parameter Kies Distribution
Authors: Zaevski Tsvetelin , Kyurkchiev Nikolay
Published: October 2022

This short note is inspired by the work of [1] which is devoted on the four-parameter Kies distribution. Some of the results presented in this seminal paper need to be clarified. We present and prove the correct results following the original work.
Nullity Condition on Trans-Sasakian 3-Manifolds
Authors: Wang Wenjie
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we are concerned with the κ-nullity condition on trans-Sasakian manifolds of dimension three. Such manifolds are classified under an additional assumption that the scalar curvature is invariant along the Reeb flow or a topology restriction.
Magnetic Porous Silica-lipid Bilayer Hybrid Carriers for Target Delivery of Curcumin
Authors: Trendafilova Ivalina , Momekova Denitsa , Koseva Neli , Popova Margarita
Published: October 2022

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with embedded magnetic particles and sizes around 80 nm were prepared. Curcumin loading in mesoporous silica was realized by a post-synthesis impregnation procedure. The loaded particles were additionally modified by surface coating with a phospholipid bilayer of a thickness of around 5 nm changing the surface charge of the carrier from negative to positive, which enables the efficient attachment to cells, increasing the probability of cellular uptake. The non-loaded, curcumin loaded and their surface-coated counterparts were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, thermal analysis, TEM, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Release experiments were performed and demonstrated that the phospholipid coating contributed greatly a sustained drug release to be achieved. A comparative study on the antiproliferative effect of curcumin loaded into the mesoporous carrier and lipid-coated vs. free drug was performed on a panel of three human cell lines. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that obtained hybrid magnetic silica-lipid particles are promising carriers of curcumin.
Detection of Volatile Compounds of (Hyacinth Flowers Hyacinthus orientalis L.) from Turkey
Authors: Zarifikhosroshahi Mozhgan , Ergun Zeynep , Alp Sevket , Ozturk Gulsah
Published: October 2022

Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis L.) is one of the most beloved ornamental plants with fragrant flowers. As one of the important bulbous plants, hyacinth is used as a cut flower, potted flower, and garden flower. Due to their unique aroma, hyacinth flowers are used in perfumery especially in France whose perfume industry is well-known in the world. In this study, Headspace Solid Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPME) GC/MS (Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) technique was used for the analysis of volatile compounds of flower samples. A total of 28 volatile compounds were identified in the fresh flowers of hyacinths. Phenylethyl alcohol, benzyl acetate, a-pinene, and furfural were the major aromas accounting for hyacinth fragrance.
Analysis of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Virtual Model
Authors: Jalajakumari Suji , Devaraj Swathi , Manivel Thangatamilan , Ramasamy Sureshkumar
Published: October 2022

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer among women globally. Several treatments are involved in breast cancer like surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy; chemotherapy being used most often. Multicellular systems complications can be deeply understood by analyzing and studying how cells grow, move, divide, die and interact. To examine these factors, we use PhysiCell as our modelling platform. Virtual cell growth analysis is essential to view the cancer cell growth daily. PhysiCell physics-based multicellular simulator is an open-source agent-based simulator used to design a virtual model to analyze the changing cell cycle progression, volume, death, motility, mechanics and processes. Analysis was made on the cancer cell death rate, cell damage rate, and cell repair rate. Data were taken for every 6 hours of simulation and the result confirms that the chemotherapeutic agent kills 45% of cancer cells.
Static-dynamic Tests of Bearing Capacity of Wind Turbine Piles
Authors: Cosic Mladen , Susic Nenad , Djokovic Ksenija
Published: October 2022

The paper presents the static load tests (SLT) and dynamic load tests (DLT) of the piles and numerical analyses of piles in interaction with the soil of wind turbines. Pile tests were conducted using the equipment with counter-weights for SLT and an autonomous system for the control of DLT of the piles. Numerical DLT analyses were performed by the signal matching method. Tests proved that the design resistance of piles of SLT and mobilized static resistance of DLT are higher than the design forces obtained from the design of the wind turbine foundations. Also, the need to develop a plan for testing the bearing capacity of piles, concerning large and significant buildings was emphasized.
The Effect of Bioactive Compounds of Prunus spinosa Leaves and Flowers Mixture on the Antioxidant Capacity in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Temiz Mehmet , Okumus Emine
Published: October 2022

Diabetes is a serious and chronic public health problem worldwide. Hyperglycemia leads to the production of free radicals thus impairing oxidant/antioxidant balance and causing various complications in diabetes. Herbs can pro- vide natural remedies against various diseases in traditional medicine. Phyto- chemicals especially phenolic compounds have some biological properties such as antioxidant and antidiabetic effects. Plant parts of Prunus spinosa are used in traditional medicine against various disorders. This study evaluated the mixture of Prunus spinosa leaves and flowers extract (PSE) on the antioxidant capacity in diabetes. The phenolic profile of PSE was determined by HPLC method. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated with radical scavenging activities as well as total phenolic and flavonoid content. Seven random groups (n = 8) of rats were constituted to evaluate the antioxidant capacity – control, diabetic, PSE25, PSE50, insulin, metformin, and acarbose. Total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were analyzed in the liver tissues. Chlorogenic acid and ellagic acid were found to be the main compound in the mixture of P. spinosa leaves and flowers extract. Antioxidant capacity of PSE exhibited effective radical scavenging activity. Although oxidative stress seriously increased in diabetes, PSE25 and PSE50 supplementation significantly recuperated liver antioxidant status. In conclusion, PSE markedly has antioxidant capacity through its high phenolic compounds, thus PSE treatment may have potential antioxidant effects for health benefits in diabetes.
Comparative Study of Drought Tolerance of Virginia Tobacco Genotypes Differing in Origin and Their Corresponding Hybrid Progenies
Authors: Shopova Elena , Mihailova Bistra , Drumeva-Yoncheva Marina , Todorova Dessislava , Sergiev Iskren , Yonchev Yonko
Published: October 2022

Soil drought is a serious problem in agriculture leading to considerable loss of production. Tobacco is relatively sensitive to water scarcity, and the selection of resistant drought varieties is of particular importance. In this study we compared the tolerance to three different levels of drought of six genotypes of Virginia tobacco – two varieties were introduced in Bulgaria, two lines are of Bulgarian origin, and two are their hybrids. Biochemical markers of stress (malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and free proline) were determined. The results showed that the Polish genotype V 385 and one of the Bulgarian lines L 0842 were moderately sensitive to drought, while the parental genotypes – the American variety Coker 254 and the Bulgarian line L 0543, as well as the two newly created Bulgarian hybrids H 27 and H 135 were relatively resistant to drought. These data can serve as a basis for selection and development of new genotypes with increased resistance to drought.
The Performance Enhancement of Triple-band Vivaldi Antenna using SIW Structure for IIoT applications
Authors: Nguyen T. D. , Duong T. T. T. , Pham D. D.
Published: October 2022

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a domain between IoT and Industry 4.0 that brings an evolution in automation and data exchange. Multiband and the wideband antenna are an important part to support high-rate IoT/IIoT communication through the wireless systems. In this study, we optimized a Vivaldi antenna for triple-band operation at well-known IIoT bands without adding any slot or extra structure. The antenna gets a large bandwidth of over 8%, 12%, and 19% at 2.4GHz, 4GHz, and 5.6GHz resonant frequencies, respectively. To improve several antenna characteristics such as resistance matching, gain, and radiation efficiency, an L shape symmetric Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) structure is proposed. At the 5.6 GHz band, the SIW antenna achieves over 25% increase in radiation efficiency that reaches 99% although FR4 substrate is chosen to design the antenna. The proposed Vivaldi antenna is analyzed using CST simulation and measured using VNA equipment with an agree well result. Besides, we also set up a reality wireless system to test the antenna at two important IIoT bands: 2.4GHz and 5GHz.
National Imaging Trends for Suspected Urinary Stone Disease in the Emergency Department
Authors: Ganesan Calyani , Stedman Margaret R. , Liu Sai , Conti Simon L. , Chertow Glenn M. , Leppert John T. , Pao Alan C.
Published: October 2022

This cohort study examines the use of an ultrasonography-first strategy for urinary stone disease.
Symptoms of Problem Gambling Among US Adults Who Wager on Sports
Authors: Grubbs Joshua B. , Kraus Shane W.
Published: October 2022

This survey study assesses levels of problem-gambling risk across 4 categories of sports-related wagering among US adults.
Inclusion of Non–English-Speaking Participants in Pediatric Health Research
Authors: Chen Annie , Demaestri Sabrina , Schweiberger Kelsey , Sidani Jaime , Wolynn Riley , Chaves-Gnecco Diego , Hernandez Raquel , Rothenberger Scott , Mickievicz Erin , Cowden John D. , Ragavan Maya I.
Published: October 2022

Importance

The inclusion of non–English-speaking (NES) participants in pediatric research is an essential step to improving health equity for these populations. Although some studies have shown lack of progress in NES research participation in the past decade, few have examined NES inclusivity in pediatric research or details about the practices that researchers have used to communicate with NES participants.

Objective

To assess how frequently NES families were included in pediatric research, how rates of inclusion changed over time, what languages were included, and methodological details about oral and written communication with NES participants.

Evidence Review

In this review, all original investigation articles published in JAMA Pediatrics, Pediatrics, and The Journal of Pediatrics between January 2012 and November 2021 were screened. Eligible articles, which included those based in the US and with human participants, were reviewed to determine whether they included or excluded NES participants or whether or not there was specific mention of language. A second-round review was conducted on the subset of articles that included NES participants to determine methodological details (eg, languages included, type of study, region where the study was located, and oral and written communication practices with NES participants).

Findings

Of the 8142 articles screened, 5008 (62%) met inclusion criteria; of these, 469 (9%) included NES participants. The most common language was Spanish (350 [75%]); 145 articles (31%) reported non-English or other language without specification. A total of 230 articles (49%) reported the number of NES participants, and 61 (13%) specified the methods used to determine whether participants preferred a language other than English. In all, 101 (22%) and 136 (29%) articles specified how oral and written communication occurred with NES participants, respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

This review of 3 pediatric journals provides preliminary evidence suggesting exclusion of NES communities from pediatric research from 2012 to 2021 and highlights an opportunity to provide more methodological detail about communication with NES participants. Best practices for improving inclusivity of NES participants are needed to guide researchers toward improved methods and more relevant results.
The E. coli L‐asparaginase V27T mutant: structural and functional characterization and comparison with theoretical predictions
Authors: Strzelczyk Pawel , Zhang Di , Wlodawer Alexander , Lubkowski Jacek
Published: October 2022

Bacterial L‐asparaginases have been used for over 40 years as anticancer drugs. Ardalan et al. (Medical Hypotheses 112, 7–17, 2018) proposed that the V27T mutant of Escherichia coli type II L‐asparaginase, EcAII(V27T), should display altered biophysical and catalytic properties compared to the wild‐type enzyme, EcAII(wt), rendering it more favourable as a pharmaceutical. They postulated that EcAII(V27T) would exhibit reduced glutaminolytic activity and be more stable compared to EcAII(wt). Their postulates, however, were purely theoretical. Here, we characterized experimentally selected properties of EcAII(V27T). We found asparaginolytic activity of this mutant unchanged, whereas its glutaminolytic activity was fourfold lower compared with EcAII(wt). We did not observe significant differences in stabilities of EcAII(wt) and EcAII(V27T). Crystal structures of the complexes with L‐Asp and L‐Glu showed considerable differences in binding modes of both substrates.
Designing 3D Polymeric Structures through Capillary Wetting on Colloidal Monolayer
Authors: Lee Hyeong Jun , Park Sanghyuk , Kim Jong Bin , Kim Shin‐Hyun
Published: October 2022

Colloidal lithography has provided a facile means to create regular micro‐ and nano‐patterns by employing colloidal crystals as masks. However, the patterns are usually restricted to 2D as most techniques do not exploit the spherical shape of colloidal masks. Here, 3D structures are designed by utilizing capillary wetting of liquified photoresists on colloidal monolayers of silica particles. The silica particles are anchored at planar air‐photoresist interfaces to have an equilibrium contact angle without interfacial deformation for thick polymer layers. By contrast, when the polymer layers are thin enough, they wet the colloidal monolayer by forming periodic wavy interfaces to provide a constant Laplace pressure. The photo‐crosslinking of the photoresist and subsequent removal of silica particles leave behind periodic nanostructures with 3D‐undulated surfaces. Importantly, the structure and waviness are further controllable by adjusting the polymer thickness relative to the particle radius. As the shape of the interface is determined by capillarity, the 3D structures are reproducible as long as the dimension is smaller than the capillary length. The use of photoresists enables the production of micropatterns of the periodic wavy structures by photolithography. As one of the potential applications, structurally‐colored patterns are demonstrated with enhanced plasmonic and diffraction colors.
Fully Lignocellulosic Biomass‐Based Double‐Layered Porous Hydrogel for Efficient Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Lin Xuliang , Wang Ping , Hong Ruitong , Zhu Xi , Liu Yingchun , Pan Xuejun , Qiu Xueqing , Qin Yanlin
Published: October 2022

Solar‐driven interfacial evaporation is an important approach for solving the issue of freshwater scarcity. However, the practical application of solar steam generation is hindered by high fabrication cost and environmental concerns regarding the petroleum‐based materials. Herein, lignocellulose (cellulose‐lignin composite) hydrogel (LCG) and lignin‐derived carbon (LC) are used as the substrate and photothermal material, respectively, to construct a fully lignocellulose‐based double‐layered hydrogel (LC@LCG) evaporator. Results indicate that LC has an ultrahigh specific surface area and full‐spectrum solar absorption of 98%. The presence of lignin can improve the hydrophilicity and maintain the capillary channels of the hydrogel, which tunes water into an intermediate state and reduces the vaporization enthalpy of water. Moreover, it ensures a high water transport rate in the hydrogel. Based on these advantages, the evaporation rate and photothermal conversion efficiency of hydrogel evaporator reach 1.84 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun and 86.5%, respectively. The lignocellulosic hydrogel evaporator could remove >99.95% of primary metal ions from seawater to generate fresh water, and shows outstanding salt resistance, durability, and long‐term stability for desalination. This study demonstrates an eco‐friendly and economic solution for continuous freshwater production from seawater using a fully lignocellulosic biomass‐based hydrogel evaporator.
Large‐Scale Production of Wholly Cellular Bioinks via the Optimization of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Aggregate Culture in Automated Bioreactors
Authors: Ho Debbie L. L. , Lee Stacey , Du Jianyi , Weiss Jonathan D. , Tam Tony , Sinha Soham , Klinger Danielle , Devine Sean , Hamfeldt Art , Leng Hope T. , Herrmann Jessica E. , He Mengdi , Fradkin Lee G. , Tan Tze Kai , Standish David , Tomasello Peter , Traul Donald , Dianat Noushin , Ladi Rukmini , Vicard Quentin , Katikireddy Kishore , Skylar‐Scott Mark A.
Published: October 2022

Combining the sustainable culture of billions of human cells and the bioprinting of wholly cellular bioinks offers a pathway toward organ‐scale tissue engineering. Traditional 2D culture methods are not inherently scalable due to cost, space, and handling constraints. Here, the suspension culture of human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived aggregates (hAs) is optimized using an automated 250 mL stirred tank bioreactor system. Cell yield, aggregate morphology, and pluripotency marker expression are maintained over three serial passages in two distinct cell lines. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the same optimized parameters can be scaled to an automated 1 L stirred tank bioreactor system. This 4‐day culture results in a 16.6‐ to 20.4‐fold expansion of cells, generating approximately 4 billion cells per vessel, while maintaining >94% expression of pluripotency markers. The pluripotent aggregates can be subsequently differentiated into derivatives of the three germ layers, including cardiac aggregates, and vascular, cortical and intestinal organoids. Finally, the aggregates are compacted into a wholly cellular bioink for rheological characterization and 3D bioprinting. The printed hAs are subsequently differentiated into neuronal and vascular tissue. This work demonstrates an optimized suspension culture‐to‐3D bioprinting pipeline that enables a sustainable approach to billion cell‐scale organ engineering.
Toxicity and Biocompatibility of Liquid Metals
Authors: Chen Sen , Zhao Ruiqi , Sun Xuyang , Wang Hongzhang , Li Lei , Liu Jing
Published: October 2022

Recently, room‐temperature liquid metals have attracted increasing attention from researchers owing to their excellent material properties. Systematic interpretation of the potential toxicity issues involved is essential for a wide range of applications, especially in the biomedical and healthcare fields. However, even with the exponential growth of related studies, investigation of the toxicological impact and possible hazards of liquid metals to organisms is still in its infancy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current frontier of knowledge on liquid metal toxicology and biocompatibility in different environments. Based on recent studies, this review focuses on Ga and Bi‐based in different states. It is necessary to evaluate their toxicity considering the rapid increase in research and utilization of such liquid metal composites. Finally, existing challenges are discussed and suggestions are provided for further investigation of liquid metal toxicology to clarify the toxicological mechanisms and strategies are provided to avoid adverse effects. In addition to resolving the doubts of public concern about the toxicity of liquid metals, this review is expected to promote the healthy and sustainable development of liquid metal‐based materials and their use in diverse areas, especially those related to health care.
Miniature NIR‐II Nanoprobes for Active‐Targeted Phototheranostics of Brain Tumors
Authors: Wu Yayun , Hu Dehong , Gao Duyang , Liu Chunchen , Zheng Hairong , Sheng Zonghai
Published: October 2022

Nanoprobes (NPs) in the second near‐infrared biowindow (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) are developed and widely used in cancer phototheranostics. However, most NIR‐II NPs exhibit low phototheranostic efficiency due to their tedious synthetic routes, large particle sizes (>20 nm), and lack of active targeting properties. Here, miniature NIR‐II NPs, named HSA‐ICG‐iRGD, for active‐targeted NIR‐II phototheranostics of brain tumors are reported. The HSA‐ICG‐iRGD probes are designed based on hydrophobic interactions as well as hydrogen bonds between albumin and indocyanine green derivatives (ICG‐iRGD) via molecular docking. The as‐prepared NPs have a compact size of 10 nm and show tumor‐targeting ability by specifically binding to αvβ3 integrin receptors which are highly expressed on the surface of brain tumor cells via iRGD peptides. The HSA‐ICG‐iRGD NPs are then applied to perform active‐targeted NIR‐II fluorescence imaging, resulting in a signal‐to‐background ratio of 6.85 in orthotopic glioma mouse models. Under the selected laser irradiation of 808 nm, the photothermal effect of HSA‐ICG‐iRGD extends the survival of the tumor‐bearing mice to 55 days, significantly longer than that of the control group (30 days). These results highlight the potential of miniature NPs for active‐targeted NIR‐II fluorescence imaging and phototherapy of brain tumors.
Sulfonium‐Cations‐Assisted Intermediate Engineering for Quasi‐2D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Boxin , Cheng Qian , Huang Gaosheng , Yue Yaochang , Zhang Weichuan , Li Xing , Li Yanxun , Du Wenna , Liu Xinfeng , Zhang Hong , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Huiqiong
Published: October 2022

Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites with superior stability are admirable candidates for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) toward commercialization. However, the device performance remains unsatisfactory due to the disordered crystallization of perovskites. In this work, the effects of sulfonium cations on the evolution of intermediates and photovoltaic properties of 2D RP perovskites are investigated. The introduction of sulfonium cations leads to preferred intermediate transformation and improved film quality of perovskites. The resulting devices deliver a champion efficiency of 19.08% at room temperature and 20.52% at 180 K, due to reduced recombination and enhanced charge transport. More importantly, the unencapsulated device maintains 84% of the initial efficiency under maximum power point (MPP) tracking at 40 °C for 1000 h. This work helps to gain a comprehensive understanding of the crystallization process of quasi‐2D perovskites and provides a simple strategy to modulate the intermediates of perovskites.
Stretchable Transparent Polyelectrolyte Elastomers for All‐Solid Tunable Lenses of Excellent Stability Based on Electro–Mechano–Optical Coupling
Authors: Zhong Hao , Xue Qiqi , Li Jiameng , He Yunfeng , Xie Yuxin , Yang Canhui
Published: October 2022

Lenses are ubiquitously used for imaging. Compared with conventional lenses containing rigid translating components driven by mechanical motors, nonmechanical tunable lenses have been drawing attention owing to their advantages in compactness, lightweight, low power consumption, and fast response. Herein, inspired by the accommodation mechanism of the human eye, an all‐solid electromechanically tunable lens driven by a dielectric elastomer actuator is presented. A soft, stretchable, transparent, and ionically conductive polyelectrolyte elastomer, poly(3‐acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, is synthesized and used as the electrodes, one of which is plano‐convex and the other planar. A mold‐free procedure is elaborated to eliminate the contamination by molding and for facile fabrication. Subject to voltage, the resulting tunable lens achieves a relative change of focal length of ≈46.4%, superior to that of the human eye. The electro–mechano–optical coupling of the lens is modeled and the theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental results. Moreover, the tunable lens responds fast, operates stably in the ambient and desiccated environment, maintains performances over 1000 cycles, and exhibits a shelf‐life longer than 12 weeks. The polyelectrolyte elastomer‐based all‐solid tunable lens promises a potential solution for lightweight, compact, and durable imaging systems.
Kirigami Design of Flexible and Conformal Tactile Sensor on Sphere‐shaped Surface for Contact Force Sensing
Authors: Wang Shihang , Wang Yancheng , Chen Zhijian , Mei Deqing
Published: October 2022

Flexible tactile sensors can be used as the human–machine interactions for tactile information. Integration of flexible tactile sensor onto complex curved surfaces usually generates high assembly strains or stresses, thus reducing the accuracy of tactile sensing. This paper presents a novel flexible tactile sensor using a devisable kirigami structural design for conformal integration of curved surfaces with low assembly strain. The target sphere object's surface is divided into several fan‐shaped pieces and then flattened into 2D patterns for the structural design and arrangement of tactile sensors. Each piece of tactile sensor has three sensing units including one triangular‐shaped and two quadrilateral‐shaped sensing units. The fabricated tactile sensor with tri‐unit and quad‐unit is characterized with the sensitivity of 0.0112 and 0.0081 kPa−1 in sensing range of 0–80 kPa, respectively. Numerical simulation results show the tactile sensor has generally low assembly strain (<1.0%) when integrated onto a tennis ball, and experimental results demonstrate that the relative changes of initial resistance and calculated sensitivity are less than 4.0% before and after integration. The contact force sensing in tennis ball games with different actions demonstrates the potential of using the designed tactile sensor for further athletic training and other applications.
Integrated Computational Materials Engineering for Advanced Automotive Technology: With Focus on Life Cycle of Automotive Body Structure
Authors: Park Jinheung , Min Kyung Mun , Kim Hyunki , Hong Seung‐Hyun , Lee Myoung‐Gyu
Published: October 2022

Integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) is a simulation‐driven design approach that employs multiscale‐multiphysics modeling and is based on the understanding of process–structure–property–performance relationships. The ICME approach has attracted considerable attention in the automotive industry, considering that it significantly reduces development cost and time in optimization of materials and processes through computational advancement. This study presents a comprehensive review of ICME activities in advanced automotive manufacturing technology, which focuses on the life cycle of the automotive body structure such as structural material design, manufacturing process optimization, and reliability improvement in service quality. Results show that the ICME approach has been widely implemented in automotive manufacturing processes, from development of lightweight materials to performance management. However, further advances and technological strategies should be sought to develop more robust methodologies that can replace conventional experiment‐based design approaches.
Core‐Shelled Nanoparticle Fillers for Recoverable Magnetic Liquid Metal with High Stability
Authors: Huang Mingdeng , Lin Weiguang , Tuersun Yisimayili , Huang Xu , Chu Sheng
Published: October 2022

Room‐temperature liquid metals, such as galinstan, have become an emerging material in electronics requiring stretchability and deformability due to its excellent fluidity and conductivity. Eutectic gallium‐indium‐tin (galinstan)‐based composites with certain metallic fillers can obtain magnetism. However, the alloying reaction between galinstan and metals leads to the solidification and reduction in stability of the composite. In this study, Ni@SiO2 nanoparticles with the core–shell structure are used as fillers and galinstan as matrix. The obtained galinstan‐Ni@SiO2 paste is fairly stable and this is attributed to the silica shell, which acts as a barrier to isolate the direct contact between the Ni and galinstan. In addition, flexible circuits composed of as‐prepared galinstan‐Ni@SiO2 pastes are fabricated, which exhibited outstanding durability, retrievability, and self‐healing ability under the drive of magnetic field.
Alarming and Calming: Opposing Roles of S100A8/S100A9 Dimers and Tetramers on Monocytes
Authors: Russo Antonella , Schürmann Hendrik , Brandt Matthias , Scholz Katja , Matos Anna Livia L. , Grill David , Revenstorff Julian , Rembrink Maximilian , von Wulffen Meike , Fischer‐Riepe Lena , Hanley Peter J. , Häcker Hans , Prünster Monika , Sánchez‐Madrid Francisco , Hermann Sven , Klotz Luisa , Gerke Volker , Betz Timo , Vogl Thomas , Roth Johannes
Published: October 2022

Mechanisms keeping leukocytes distant of local inflammatory processes in a resting state despite systemic release of inflammatory triggers are a pivotal requirement for avoidance of overwhelming inflammation but are ill defined. Dimers of the alarmin S100A8/S100A9 activate Toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR4) but extracellular calcium concentrations induce S100A8/S100A9‐tetramers preventing TLR4‐binding and limiting their inflammatory activity. So far, only antimicrobial functions of released S100A8/S100A9‐tetramers (calprotectin) are described. It is demonstrated that extracellular S100A8/S100A9 tetramers significantly dampen monocyte dynamics as adhesion, migration, and traction force generation in vitro and immigration of monocytes in a cutaneous granuloma model and inflammatory activity in a model of irritant contact dermatitis in vivo. Interestingly, these effects are not mediated by the well‐known binding of S100A8/S100A9‐dimers to TLR‐4 but specifically mediated by S100A8/S100A9‐tetramer interaction with CD69. Thus, the quaternary structure of these S100‐proteins determines distinct and even antagonistic effects mediated by different receptors. As S100A8/S100A9 are released primarily as dimers and subsequently associate to tetramers in the high extracellular calcium milieu, the same molecules promote inflammation locally (S100‐dimer/TLR4) but simultaneously protect the wider environment from overwhelming inflammation (S100‐tetramer/CD69).
Heterogeneity and Memory Effect in the Sluggish Dynamics of Vacancy Defects in Colloidal Disordered Crystals and Their Implications to High‐Entropy Alloys
Authors: Chan Chor‐Hoi , Huo Qingxiao , Kumar Anupam , Shi Yunhong , Hong Huihui , Du Yitong , Ren Simiao , Wong Kin‐Ping , Yip Cho‐Tung
Published: October 2022

Vacancy dynamics of high‐density 2D colloidal crystals with a polydispersity in particle size are studied experimentally. Heterogeneity in vacancy dynamics is observed. Inert vacancies that hardly hop to other lattice sites and active vacancies that hop frequently between different lattice sites are found within the same samples. The vacancies show high probabilities of first hopping from one lattice site to another neighboring lattice site, then staying at the new site for some time, and later hopping back to the original site in the next hop. This back‐returning hop probability increases monotonically with the increase in packing fraction, up to 83%. This memory effect makes the active vacancies diffuse sluggishly or even get trapped in local regions. Strain‐induced vacancy motion on a distorted lattice is also observed. New glassy properties in the disordered crystals are discovered, including the dynamical heterogeneity, the presence of cooperative rearranging regions, memory effect, etc. Similarities between the colloidal disordered crystals and the high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) are also discussed. Molecular dynamics simulations further support the experimental observations. These results help to understand the microscopic origin of the sluggish dynamics in materials with ordered structures but in random energy landscapes, such as high‐entropy alloys.
Distributed model predictive control‐oriented network decomposition based on full dynamic response
Authors: Wang Jiaorao , Song Chunyue , Zhao Jun , Mo Ziyan , Xu Zuhua
Published: October 2022

This article addresses network decomposition for distributed model predictive control (DMPC), which includes two improvements. First, in the weighted input–output bipartite graph construction of a process network, a new measure called frequency affinity is proposed to characterize the input–output interaction considering the full dynamic response and structural information of a process. Then, in community detection, which is used to decompose the process network, the gap metric is added to quantify stability and the loss of control performance of each subsystem. Through the proposed decomposition, the obtained subsystems can be dynamically well‐decoupled since both transient and steady‐state responses are measured by the frequency affinity. As structural information is considered, the decomposition is consistent with the process physical topology. Furthermore, the utilization of gap metric can facilitate controller design for DMPC. Case studies on a reactor separator process and an air separation process demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed decomposition method.
An Electrocatalytic Model of the Sulfur Reduction Reaction in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Feng Shuai , Fu Zhong‐Heng , Chen Xiang , Li Bo‐Quan , Peng Hong‐Jie , Yao Nan , Shen Xin , Yu Legeng , Gao Yu‐Chen , Zhang Rui , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2022

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is strongly considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems due to its high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, the sluggish reduction kinetics from Li2S4 to Li2S during discharge hinders the practical application of Li–S batteries. Although various electrocatalysts have been proposed to improve the reaction kinetics, the electrocatalytic mechanism is unclear due to the complexity of sulfur reduction reactions (SRR). It is crucial to understand the electrocatalytic mechanism thoroughly for designing advanced electrocatalysts. Herein an electrocatalytic model is constructed to reveal the chemical mechanism of the SRR in Li–S batteries based on systematical density functional theory calculations, taking heteroatoms‐doped carbon materials as an example. The adsorption energy of LiSy⋅ (y=1, 2, or 3) radicals is used as a key descriptor to predict the reaction pathway, rate‐determining step, and overpotential. A diagram for designing advanced electrocatalysts is accordingly constructed. This work establishes a theoretical model, which is an intelligent integration for probing the complicated SRR mechanisms and designing advanced electrocatalysts for high‐performance Li–S batteries.
Revealing the High Salt Concentration Manipulated Evolution Mechanism on the Lithium Anode in Quasi‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Gui‐Xian , Tian Jian‐Xin , Wan Jing , Li Yuan , Shen Zhen‐Zhen , Chen Wan‐Ping , Zhao Yao , Wang Fuyi , Liu Bing , Xin Sen , Guo Yu‐Guo , Wen Rui
Published: October 2022

Lithium‐sulfur batteries are promising candidates of energy storage devices. Both adjusting salt/solvent ratio and applying quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes are regarded as effective strategies to improve the lithium (Li) anode performance. However, reaction mechanisms and interfacial properties in quasi‐solid‐state lithium‐sulfur (QSSLS) batteries with high salt concentration are not clear. Here we utilize in‐situ characterizations and molecular dynamics simulations to unravel aforesaid mysteries, and construct relationships of electrolyte structure, interfacial behaviour and performance. The generation mechanism, formation process, and mechanical/chemical/electrochemical properties of the anion‐derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) are deeply explored. Li deposition uniformity and dissolution reversibility are further tuned by the sustainable SEI. These straightforward evidences and deepgoing studies would guide the electrolyte design and interfacial engineering of QSSLS batteries.
Controlled Diels–Alder “Click” Strategy to Access Mechanically Aligned Main‐Chain Liquid Crystal Networks
Authors: Guillen Campos Jesus , Stricker Friedrich , Clark Kyle D. , Park Minwook , Bailey Sophia J. , Kuenstler Alexa S. , Hayward Ryan C. , Read de Alaniz Javier
Published: October 2022

Aligned liquid crystal polymers are materials of interest for electronic, optic, biological and soft robotic applications. The manufacturing and processing of these materials have been widely explored with mechanical alignment establishing itself as a preferred method due to its ease of use and widespread applicability. However, the fundamental chemistry behind the required two‐step polymerization for mechanical alignment has limitations in both fabrication and substrate compatibility. In this work we introduce a new protection‐deprotection approach utilizing a two‐stage Diels–Alder cyclopentadiene‐maleimide step‐growth polymerization to enable mild yet efficient, fast, controlled, reproducible and user‐friendly polymerizations, broadening the scope of liquid crystal systems. Thorough characterization of the films by DSC, DMA, POM and WAXD show the successful synthesis of a uniaxially aligned liquid crystal network with thermomechanical actuation abilities.