bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GABRD promotes the progression of breast cancer through CDK1-dependent cell cycle regulation
Authors: Shang Qingyao , Ren Fei , Feng Kexin , Yang Chenxuan , Zhao Shuangtao , Liu Jiaxiang , Kang Xiyu , Yue Jiaxian , Zhang Ruixuan , Meng Xiangzhi , Wang Xiang , Wang Xin
Published: November 2023

Y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter that exerts its biological function by binding to GABA receptors, which not only play an important role in neuromodulation, but also involved in regulating the development of tumors. Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit delta (
GABRD
) encodes the δ subunit of GABA
A
receptor, its impact on breast cancer has not been clearly studied. This study is aiming to reveal the relationship between
GABRD
and breast cancer development.We performed a tissue microarray to quantify
GABRD
expression levels in tumor tissue and paracarcinoma tissue. The regulation of
GABRD
in the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of breast cancer was examined by a loss-of-function study. A GeneChip microarray was used to probe GABRD for potential downstream molecules. The interaction between GABRD and CDK1 was verified by a set of functional tests and rescue experiments as well as coimmunoprecipitation.
GABRD
was expressed at significantly higher levels in tumor tissues and was associated with advanced tumor progression. Silencing
GABRD
resulted in a significant decrease in proliferation and migration and an increase in apoptosis of breast cancer.
GABRD
regulated the cell cycle by directly interacting with CDK1, which was identified as an important downstream target.
GABRD
is the breast cancer-related gene and highlights the importance of the GABRD–CDK1 axis in regulating breast cancer proliferation, which provides potential for the development of novel therapeutics.
Eesti lemmikloomanimede eelistused 21. sajandil
Authors: Tomson Getri
Published: November 2023

The bulk of material for writing this research was gathered by conducting a poll, where respondents were asked to answer anonymously to questions about their pets and pets’ names. In total, there were 1096 respondents and as a result, information about 2144 pet names was gathered. Supporting theoretical material origins from earlier researches on the same subject. This research consists of two parts: the first part contains information about pets’ formal names, and the second part talks about pets’ pet names and nicknames. The first part is divided into subcategories by types of pets. At the end of the research there is an overview of the conducted poll and all pets’ names in alphabetical order by pet types.
Revolutionizing Plant Virus Detection: A Review on Molecular Breakthroughs and their Implications
Authors: Shukla Anju , Yadav Devesh , Mishra Upendra Kumar , Dipake Shital , Mishra Rishabh
Published: November 2023

Viruses are very minute microorganisms which are incapable of independent existence and can infect wide range of wild and cultivated plants. The plants’ reaction to viral infections are diverse and depends on factors such as the specific virus- host interaction under different environmental conditions with symptoms ranging from acting as asymptomatic carrier to  showing severe diseases symptoms which  further results  in plant mortality. Since various viral infections can result in similar symptoms, relying solely on the disease's external appearance offers only partial insights for disease diagnosis. To achieve more precise and dependable virus identification, it is essential to consider various characteristics and properties of the virus. The molecular detection of plant viruses has revolutionized the field of plant virology. This review highlights the overview of the different approaches utilized in the diagnosis of plant viruses, with a particular focus on significant advancements in molecular techniques, ranging from traditional PCR-based methods, ELISA to high-throughput Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies. Molecular tools have enabled precise and rapid identification of plant viruses, contributing to better disease management in agriculture. The review also delves in to emerging technologies such as CRISPR- based diagnostics and nanopore sequencing, which hold promise for enhancing the precision and speed of plant virus detection.
Adaptation of Technology on Products and Services Related in the Banking Industry: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Arthur Begarving , Omari Habibu
Published: November 2023

This was a qualitative business case which used decision-making case design to explore the scenario of CRDB Bank Plc in Mbeya, Tanzania city on challenges and solutions in the adaptation of technology on products and services related in the banking industry toward customer experience. The secondary data collected through a review of various documents from CRDB related to customer’s welfare and usage of technology-related banking products and services. We used specific criteria to make sure the chosen articles fit our study's focus. Moreover, the research utilized the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tools (MMAT) to appraise the quality of the selected studies in the narrative literature review. The business case employed inclusion and exclusion criteria to select relevant studies for the review. The data from these selected studies extracted and analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach. Considering the challenges on customer retention; in order to overcome this challenge, CRDB Bank may need to invest in customer education, improve on the reliability of digital infrastructure enhance customer support for digital services, and maintain a strong focus on data security. Also, aiding digital offerings to the specific needs and choices of customers in Mbeya City can help improve customer retention in the face of technological changes. It was found that, customer satisfaction in digital banking services is enhanced and led by a combination of factors related to usability, security, convenience, customer support, and transparency. To succeed in this competitive area, banks have to prioritize these factors and continuously ensure to improve the general customer experience.
Community Empowerment through Digital Marketing Optimization-Based Socio-preneurship Training
Authors: Sari Juwita , Mildawati Titik , Widyawati Dini , Suwitho  , Laily Nur , Triyonowati
Published: November 2023

This paper is a descriptive presentation of the results of community service activities in Lamongan Village, East Java Province, Indonesia. This activity focuses on empowering women bag artisans who are there. In total, 30 bag confectionery women are members of the Forway brand MSME Bag employees. These women still need to be fostered with more incentives, especially in product marketing, because they are currently still using traditional marketing techniques, namely relying on subscribed wholesale buyers. The service team takes a sociopreneurship approach, namely entrepreneurship, whose primary goal is not for personal profit alone but for the benefit of the wider community. So, in their activities, these bag tailors are taught to market bag products through digital marketing such as TikTok, Facebook, Instagram, Shopee, and whatsapp. With this activity, it is hoped that these bag-sewing women will not only be tailors but also be more empowered to become product marketers. In addition, the SMEs that host it are expected to get a significant increase in profit from this training activity.
Organ‐contour‐driven auto‐matching algorithm in image‐guided radiotherapy
Authors: Kishigami Yukako , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Takahashi Ayaka , Iramina Hiraku , Sasaki Makoto , Kawata Kohei , Igaki Hiroshi
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to demonstrate the potential clinical applicability of an organ‐contour‐driven auto‐matching algorithm in image‐guided radiotherapy.

Methods

This study included eleven consecutive patients with cervical cancer who underwent radiotherapy in 23 or 25 fractions. Daily and reference magnetic resonance images were converted into mesh models. A weight‐based algorithm was implemented to optimize the distance between the mesh model vertices and surface of the reference model during the positioning process. Within the cost function, weight parameters were employed to prioritize specific organs for positioning. In this study, three scenarios with different weight parameters were prepared. The optimal translation and rotation values for the cervix and uterus were determined based on the calculated translations alone or in combination with rotations, with a rotation limit of ±3°. Subsequently, the coverage probabilities of the following two planning target volumes (PTV), an isotropic 5 mm and anisotropic margins derived from a previous study, were evaluated.

Results

The percentage of translations exceeding 10 mm varied from 9% to 18% depending on the scenario. For small PTV sizes, more than 80% of all fractions had a coverage of 80% or higher. In contrast, for large PTV sizes, more than 90% of all fractions had a coverage of 95% or higher. The difference between the median coverage with translational positioning alone and that with both translational and rotational positioning was 1% or less.

Conclusion

This algorithm facilitates quantitative positioning by utilizing a cost function that prioritizes organs for positioning. Consequently, consistent displacement values were algorithmically generated. This study also revealed that the impact of rotational corrections, limited to ±3°, on PTV coverage was minimal.
Preparation of Short Carbon Fiber/Polydimethylsiloxane Conductive Composites Based on Continuous Spatial‐Confining Network Assembly Technique
Authors: Li Chenglin , Li Nan , Jiang Haohua , Zhang Zechao , Liu Ying , Wu Daming , Zheng Xiuting , Sun Jingyao
Published: November 2023

With the development of electronic devices, conductive composites are receiving more and more attention, the demand for electrically conductive composites (ECC) is also increasing. However, the existing preparation process does not allow for the continuous preparation of electrically conductive composites. Therefore, we report a continuous spatial‐confining network assembly (CSNA) technique method to achieve an efficient and controllable preparation of electrically conductive composites. Short carbon fiber (SCF) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are used as conductive fillers and polymer matrix to prepare conductive composites, and the filler content of the prepared composites is 6 wt%. The electrical conductivity of the PDMS/SCF conductive composite is 73.72 S m−1, when flexible roll with a Shore hardness of 12.5 A and a roll pressure of 126 N is used. The effect of increasing pressure, the higher the number of rolls and the roll speed on the electrical properties of the composite, is also investigated. To sum up, the PDMS/SCF composite prepared by this preparation method is expected to achieve continuous production and application in medical, biological, thermal management, etc.
Templated Assembly of Silk Fibroin for a Bio‐Feedstock‐Derived Heart Valve Leaflet
Authors: Choi Woojin , Choi Moonhyun , Jun Taesuk , Kim Yongwoo , Ryu Du Yeol , Kim Nam Kyun , Lee Hye‐Jin , Lee Yoojin , Lee Seung Hyun , Lee Wonhwa , Lee Milae , Kang Keonwook , Kwon Jae‐Sung , Jang Jong Geol , Ha Hojin , Choi Jae Young , Lim Sungmin , Lee Sangmin , Jung Se Yong , Hong Jinkee
Published: November 2023

Bioprosthetic valves are employed to replace defective heart valves. However, structural degeneration is prevalent in bioprosthetic valves because the heart valve leaflets are exposed to extreme and repetitive cardiovascular pressure. Herein, a silk fibroin‐based heart valve leaflet, which executes the physiological role of a heart valve, is developed. To this end, a templated assembly technology is developed. Notably, a physically optimal hierarchical structure for replacing the natural heart valve leaflet is realized by numerous firmly stacked β‐sheet crystals distributed within collective tyrosine‐reinforcing amorphous strands. Almost half (46.9%) of the silk fibroin‐based heart valve leaflet comprises strongly stacked β‐sheet crystals, leading to a 292% enhancement in stacking strength. The templated assembly results in the entanglement of amorphous strands, upregulating the non‐covalent interactions within the tyrosine. Consequently, the strength is enhanced by 1380% compared to native silk fibroin. Moreover, the templated assembly enhances the static and dynamic mechanical properties, thereby delivering a desirable performance for its use in heart valve replacement. Interestingly, the aortic valve composed of silk fibroin‐based leaflets does not fail under the cardiovascular pressure of 60–180 mmHg. Furthermore, the valve performance is satisfactory and surmounts the requirements of the industrial standard ISO 5840.
Regulation of Anion Redox Activity via Solid‐Acid Modification for Highly Stable Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Layered Cathodes
Authors: Wei Han‐xin , Liu Yu‐ming , Luo Yu‐hong , Huang Ying‐de , Tang Lin‐bo , Wang Zhen‐yu , Yan Cheng , Mao Jing , Dai Ke‐hua , Wu Qing , Zhang Xia‐hui , Zheng Jun‐chao
Published: November 2023

Anionic redox activity can trigger structural instability in Li‐rich Mn‐based cathodes. Lattice oxygen activity can be tuned through liquid acid‐induced spinel phases and oxygen vacancies. However, the liquid‐acid‐modified surface is still attacked by the electrolyte. Besides, the underlying mechanism of spinel phase suppression of lattice oxygen activity is controversial. Here, a solid acid strategy for modification is proposed and the underlying mechanism is investigated in detail. Unique solid acid can in situ generate an interface protection layer and remarkably stabilize the structure. Theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations reveal that the spinel phase suppresses the irreversible loss of lattice oxygen by decreasing the O 2p non‐bonding energy level and enriching electrons at the layered/spinel phase interface. The inert layer on the surface prevents highly active On− from being attacked by electrolytes. The obtained material exhibits significantly reduced irreversible lattice oxygen release and improved electrochemical performance. After 300 cycles, a slow capacity fading of 0.177 mAh g−1 per cycle and suppressed voltage fading are achieved. This study reveals the regulation method and mechanism for the anion activity of oxide cathodes in next‐generation Li‐ion batteries.
Liquid Metal‐MXene‐Based Hierarchical Aerogel with Radar‐Infrared Compatible Camouflage
Authors: Chen Xiao , Li Yunlong , Cheng Siyao , Wu Kangjie , Wang Qing , Liu Litian , Yang Fu , Xie Aming , Pang Huan , Yu Chao
Published: November 2023

As military power advances in the realm of information warfare, stealth technology has become a critical area of research for its effectiveness to evade detection. However, achieving high performance of compatible stealth across different functional mode bands remains a significant challenge. In this study, drawing inspiration from plant bionics, concepts of the directional freezing process are applied to develop a liquid metal‐MXene‐based hierarchical aerogel with radar‐infrared compatible camouflage. With a density of only 4.4 mg cm−3, the maximum reflection loss can reach −73.2 dB, and the absorption bandwidth can be adjusted up to 7 GHz. Following a thermal camouflage durability test, the sample successfully lowers the target's temperature from 400 to ≈160 °C. Remarkably, this temperature remains stable even after 180 days of exposure. Additionally, the material's ease of machining enables shape‐shifting camouflage capabilities, allowing objects to transform and resemble harmless items, thereby blending seamlessly with their surroundings. This breakthrough in compatibility performance signifies a substantial leap forward in multifunctional stealth technology development. It not only introduces innovative concepts, but also provides technical support, catalyzing further advancement in this field.
Fully Printed High‐Performance Quasi‐Two‐Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells via Multifunctional Interfacial Engineering
Authors: Wang Helin , Yang Fu , Li Xiaohui , Zhang Putao
Published: November 2023

Planar n–i–p carbon perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a hole transport layer that can be fabricated at low temperatures at low‐cost exhibit great potential for large‐scale manufacturing. Moreover, 2D perovskites have attracted considerable attention owing to their higher stability. In this work, scalable and highly efficient fully printed large‐area carbon electrode‐based 2D perovskite modules are reported through the insertion of a thin naphthaleneimide derivative (CATNI)‐based interfacial layer between tin (IV) oxide and the perovskite layer. The results show that this facilitates the formation of the interfacial contact, suppresses energy losses, and substantially improves the performance parameters of the PSCs, especially their VOC value. A significantly enhanced VOC of 1.13 V is achieved resulting in the device PCE value reaching over 18%, which is one of the highest reported for fully printed PSCs so far. It is found that with the deployment of this CATNI‐based interfacial layer, a more efficient carrier extraction is achieved. This ultimately contributed to enhanced spectral response as well as improved VOC for these carbon electrodes based on fully printed devices. Finally, the carbon‐perovskite solar modules (carbon‐PSMs) are fabricated on ITO glass substrates with dimensions of 5.0 × 5.0 cm. These prepared modules exhibited outstanding photovoltaic performance with the highest PCE value of over 14.6%.
Precise Tailoring of Lithium‐Ion Transport for Ultralong‐Cycling Dendrite‐Free All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Weihan , Quirk James A. , Li Minsi , Xia Wei , Morgan Lucy M. , Yin Wen , Zheng Matthew , Gallington Leighanne C. , Ren Yang , Zhu Ning , King Graham , Feng Renfei , Li Ruying , Dawson James A. , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Sun Xueliang
Published: November 2023

All‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries can address crucial challenges regarding insufficient battery cycling life and energy density. The demonstration of long‐cycling dendrite‐free all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries requires precise tailoring of lithium‐ion transport of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs). In this work, a proof of concept is reported for precise tailoring of lithium‐ion transport of a halide SSE, Li3InCl6, including intragranular (within grains) but also intergranular (between grains) lithium‐ion transport. Lithium‐ion migration tailoring mechanism in crystals is developed by unexpected enhanced Li, In, and Cl vacancy populations and lower energy barrier for hopping. The lithium‐ion transport tailoring mechanism between the grains is determined by the elimination of voids between grains and the formation of unexpected supersonic conducting grain boundaries, boosting the lithium dendrite suppression ability of SSE. Due to boosted lithium‐ion conduction and dendrite‐suppression ability, the all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries coupled with Ni‐rich LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 cathodes and lithium metal anodes demonstrate breakthroughs in electrochemical performance by achieving extremely long cycling life at a high current density of 0.5 C (2000 cycles, 93.7% capacity retention). This concept of precise tailoring of lithium‐ion transport provides a cost, time, and energy efficient solution to conquer the remaining challenges in all‐solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries for fast developing electric vehicle markets.
Insulin–Dendrimer Nanocomplex for Multi‐Day Glucose‐Responsive Therapy in Mice and Swine
Authors: Xian Sijie , Xiang Yuanhui , Liu Dongping , Fan Bowen , Mitrová Katarína , Ollier Rachel C. , Su Bo , Alloosh Muhammad Ali , Jiráček Jiří , Sturek Michael , Alloosh Mouhamad , Webber Matthew J.
Published: November 2023

The management of diabetes in a manner offering autonomous insulin therapy responsive to glucose‐directed need, and moreover with a dosing schedule amenable to facile administration, remains an ongoing goal to improve the standard of care. While basal insulins with reduced dosing frequency, even once‐weekly administration, are on the horizon, there is still no approved therapy that offers glucose‐responsive insulin function. Herein, a nanoscale complex combining both electrostatic‐ and dynamic‐covalent interactions between a synthetic dendrimer carrier and an insulin analogue modified with a high‐affinity glucose‐binding motif yields an injectable insulin depot affording both glucose‐directed and long‐lasting insulin availability. Following a single injection, it is even possible to control blood glucose for at least one week in diabetic swine subjected to daily oral glucose challenges. Measurements of serum insulin concentration in response to challenge show increases in insulin corresponding to elevated blood glucose levels, an uncommon finding even in preclinical work on glucose‐responsive insulin. Accordingly, the subcutaneous nanocomplex that results from combining electrostatic‐ and dynamic‐covalent interactions between a modified insulin and a synthetic dendrimer carrier affords a glucose‐responsive insulin depot for week‐long control following a single routine injection.
Strengthening the Hetero‐Molecular Interactions in Giant Dimeric Acceptors Enables Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Lv Min , Wang Qingyuan , Zhang Jianqi , Wang Yuheng , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Wang Tong , Zhang Hao , Lu Kun , Wei Zhixiang , Deng Dan
Published: November 2023

Giant dimeric acceptor (G‐Dimer) is becoming one of the most promising organic solar cell (OSC) materials because of its definite structure, long‐term stability, and high efficiency. Strengthening the hetero‐molecular interactions by monomer modification greatly influences the morphology and thus the device performance, but lacks investigation. Herein, two novel quinoxaline core‐based G‐Dimers, Dimer‐QX and Dimer‐2CF, are synthesized. By comparing trifluoromethyl‐substituted Dimer‐2CF and non‐substituted Dimer‐QX, the trifluoromethylation effect on the G‐Dimer is investigated and revealed. The trifluoromethyl with strong electronegativity increases electrostatic potential and reduces surface energy of the G‐Dimer, weakening the homo‐molecular ordered packing but reinforcing the hetero‐molecular interaction with the donor. The strong hetero‐molecular interaction suppresses the fast assembly during the film formation, facilitating small domains with ordered molecular packing in the blend, which is a trade‐off in conventional morphology control. Together with favorable vertical phase separation, efficient charge generation, and reduced bimolecular recombination are concurrently obtained. Hence, the Dimer‐2CF‐based OSCs obtain a cutting‐edge efficiency of 19.02% with fill factor surpassing 80%, and an averaged extrapolated T80 of ≈12 000 h under continuous 80 °C heating. This study emphasizes the importance of hetero‐molecular interaction and trifluoromethylation strategy, providing a facile strategy for designing highly efficient and stable OSC materials.
Halogenated Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptor for Organic Solar Cells with a Record Efficiency of over 17%
Authors: Li Dawei , Zhang Huarui , Cui Xinyue , Chen Ya‐Nan , Wei Nan , Ran Guangliu , Lu Hao , Chen Shenhua , Zhang Wenkai , Li Cuihong , Liu Yahui , Liu Yuqiang , Bo Zhishan
Published: November 2023

Three nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs), namely, 3TT‐C2‐F, 3TT‐C2‐Cl, and 3TT‐C2, are purposefully designed and synthesized with the concept of halogenation. The incorporation of F or/and Cl atoms into the molecular structure (3TT‐C2‐F and 3TT‐C2‐Cl) enhances the π–π stacking, improves electron mobility, and regulates the nanofiber morphology of blend films, thus facilitating the exciton dissociation and charge transport. In particular, blend films based on D18:3TT‐C2‐F demonstrate a high charge mobility, an extended exciton diffusion distance, and a well‐formed nanofiber network. These factors contribute to devices with a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 17.19%, surpassing that of 3TT‐C2‐Cl (16.17%) and 3TT‐C2 (15.42%). To the best of knowledge, this represents the highest efficiency achieved in NFREA‐based devices up to now. These results highlight the potential of halogenation in NFREAs as a promising approach to enhance the performance of organic solar cells.
Pd(0)‐Catalyzed‐Mediated Synthesis of Vitamin D Compounds
Authors: Mouriño Antonio
Published: November 2023

1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3), the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, regulates mineral homeostasis, cell growth, cell differentiation‐proliferation, apoptosis, and immune responses. 1,25D3 activates more than 229 genes associated with several diseases, including arthritis, diabetes and cancer, suggesting its implications in a broader range of biological functions than originally thought. Despite the wide range of biological activities, the clinical applications of 1,25D3 have been limited due to its collateral hypercalcemic effects. This problem has boosted intense synthetic activity in the vitamin D area in the last decades aimed at the development of highly active and non‐calcemic analogs for treatment of hyperproliferative diseases. This review covers the most useful synthetic approaches to 1,25D3 analogs containing the natural vitamin D triene system with emphasis on the Pd(0)‐catalyzed transformations involved in the formation of the vitamin D triene system and A‐ring synthons.
Key nodal stations for predicting splenic hilar nodal metastasis in upper advanced gastric cancer without invasion of the greater curvature
Authors: Nishino Masashi , Yoshikawa Takaki , Yura Masahiro , Ogawa Rei , Sakon Ryota , Ishizu Kenichi , Wada Takeyuki , Hayashi Tsutomu , Yamagata Yukinori
Published: November 2023

Background

Standard surgery for upper advanced gastric cancer without invasion of the greater curvature (UGC‐GC) is spleen‐preserving D2 total gastrectomy without dissection of the splenic‐hilar nodes (#10). However, some patients with nodal metastasis to #10 survive more than 5 years due to nodal dissection of #10. If nodal metastasis to #10 is predictable based on the positivity of other nodes dissected by the current standard surgery without #10 nodal dissection, physicians may be able to consider #10 dissection.

Methods

This study retrospectively reviewed data from the National Cancer Center Hospital in Japan between 2000 and 2012. We selected cases that met the following criteria: (1) D2 or more total gastrectomy with splenectomy, (2) UGC‐GC, and (3) histological type is gastric adenocarcinoma. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses concerning lymph node stations associated with #10 metastasis.

Results

A total of 366 patients were examined. A multivariate analysis revealed that #10 metastasis was associated with positivity of the nodes along the short gastric arteries (#4sa) and distal nodes along the splenic artery (#11d) (#4sa: p = 0.003, #11d: p = 0.016). When either key node was positive, the metastatic rate of #10 was 24.4%, and the therapeutic value index was 13.3.

Conclusions

#4sa and #11d were key lymph nodes predicting #10 nodal metastasis in UGC‐GC. When these key nodes are positive on computed tomography before surgery or according to a rapid pathological examination during surgery, dissection of #10 should be considered even if upper advanced tumors are not invading the greater curvature.
Unusual phosphorescence of boric acid: From impurity or clusterization‐triggered emission?
Authors: Cao Peisheng , Wang Yanying , Zheng Haoyue , Wu Peng
Published: November 2023

The unusual room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from the n electron‐rich systems (without regular conjugated structure) has aroused great attention for structural designing and application development of RTP materials. Such emission has been ascribed to clusterization‐triggered emission (CTE) via weak through‐space conjugation of n electrons in the heteroatoms. However, there was suspicion on such RTP as impurity‐induced result. Therefore, in‐depth photophysical investigation and effective proof methods are needed to trace the origin of such RTP. Here, using the recently reported CTE phosphor boric acid as the example, a Jablonski diagram‐based verification protocol was proposed to confirm the intrinsic luminescence of the n electrons‐rich systems. Meanwhile, some other types of luminophores, that is, traditional phosphors, already reported impurity‐induced and host‐guest doping luminophores, were included for comparison. Overall, this work provides a basic paradigm for differentiating between the impurity‐involved and the n electron‐rich phosphors and will further deepen the understanding of nonconventional luminescence.
Effect of COVID‐19 pandemic on lifestyle and bone mineral density in young adults
Authors: Falbová Darina , Kovalčíková Viktória , Beňuš Radoslav , Sulis Simona , Vorobeľová Lenka
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This study investigates the relationships between the COVID‐19 pandemic, lifestyle factors, and their impact on bone mineral density in the radius forearm bone and the total bone mineral content in young adults from Slovakia.

Methods

We assessed 773 Slovak young adults aged 18 to 30 years, divided into subgroups on their pandemic status. Bone mineral density (BMD) was analyzed by the QUS device (Sunlight MiniOmni™), and bone mineral content (BMC) and fat mass (FM) were measured by InBody 770 bioimpedance analyzer. Finally, linear regression analysis tested the associations.

Results

Statistically significant lower speed of sound (SOS) along the length of the forearm radius bone and Z‐score values was determined in participants during the COVID‐19 pandemic than before it, and statistically significant lower BMC values were observed in the male group during COVID‐19 than beforehand. Regression analysis confirmed the negative pandemic effect in the following indices: SOS (p < .001 for women and p = .035 for men), Z‐score (p < .001 for women and p = .003 for men), and BMC (p = .024 for men). Vitamin D was a further significant SOS predictor in women at p = .029, but this association was not detected in men. In contrast, the significant male BMC predictors were pandemic presence (p = .028), physical activity (p = .028), and fat mass percentage (p = .001).

Conclusions

Significant COVID‐19 pandemic effects on bone tissue were determined on bone mass density in the radius forearm bone and the total bone mineral content. These effects establish that the pandemic had a negative impact on both their bone quality and health.
Sleep and fundamental movement skills in primary schoolchildren: The REACT project
Authors: Chaput Jean‐Philippe , Pereira Sara , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Hedeker Donald , Barreira Tiago V. , Garganta Rui , Farias Cláudio , Garbeloto Fernando , Tani Go , Stodden David F. , Maia José
Published: November 2023

Objective

Whether sleep is related to fundamental movement skills (FMS) in the pediatric population is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the association between sleep characteristics (duration, efficiency, regularity) and FMS proficiency levels in school‐aged children.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 996 children (mean age: 8.3 ± 1.2 years) from 25 of the 32 primary schools in Matosinhos, northern Portugal. Data collection occurred between January and June 2022. Sleep was assessed using an ActiGraph wGT3X‐BT accelerometer worn on the wrist for 7 consecutive days. FMS proficiency levels were assessed in the schools with a new digital platform (Meu Educativo®) that evaluated five object control skills (dribble, kick, catch, throw, and underhand roll), with a total score ranging between 5 and 15. Multilevel ordinal logistic regression was used to test the associations between sleep characteristics and FMS proficiency levels. Covariates included age, sex, body mass index z‐score, socioeconomic status, and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity.

Results

The results showed that sleep characteristics (duration, efficiency, and regularity) were not related to FMS proficiency. Being a boy, older age, and higher moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity levels were all significantly associated with better FMS proficiency levels. There were no significant sex‐by‐age interactions.

Conclusion

Sleep was not found to be related to FMS performance in children. This finding suggests that sleep is not a good correlate of FMS proficiency levels in school‐aged children, and attention should be dedicated to other more important factors such as skill‐learning‐specific physical activity.
Catalyst‐Free Diastereoselective Halo‐Cycloacetalization of Olefinic Aldehydes
Authors: Qiang Shengsheng , Chan Tsz‐Chun , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: November 2023

Isochromans are valuable building blocks for the synthesis of natural products and bioactive compounds. Herein, we report a diastereoselective halo‐cycloacetalization of olefinic aldehydes and alcohols using N‐haloamides as the halogenating agents. The reaction conditions are mild and can be operated in the absence of external catalysts. Olefinic aldehydes bearing different substituents and various alcohols are compatible with the reaction protocol, giving isochroman derivatives efficiently.
Tuning the Aggregates of Thiophene‐based Trimers by Methyl Side‐chain Engineering for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yuan Xiaojiao , Yang Kunran , Grazon Chloé , Wang Cong , Vallan Lorenzo , Isasa Jean‐David , Resende Pedro M. , Li Fanxing , Brochon Cyril , Remita Hynd , Hadziioannou Georges , Cloutet Eric , Li Jian
Published: November 2023

Organic π‐conjugated semiconductors (OCSs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to traditional inorganic materials for photocatalysis. However, the aggregation of OCSs in photocatalytic aqueous solution caused by self‐assembly, which closely relates to the photocatalytic activity, has not yet been studied. Here, the relationship between the aggregation of 4,7‐Bis(thiophen‐2‐yl) benzothiadiazole (TBT) and the photocatalytic activity was systematically investigated by introducing and varying the position of methyl side chains on the two peripheral thiophene units. Experimental and theoretical results indicated that the introduction of ‐CH3 group at the 3‐position of TBT resulted in the smallest size and best crystallinity of aggregates compared to that of TBT, 4‐ and 5‐positions. As a result, TBT‐3 exhibited an excellent photocatalytic activity towards H2 evolution, ascribed to the shorten charge carrier transport distance and solid long‐range order. These results suggest the important role of aggregation behavior of OCSs for efficient photocatalysis.
Enzyme‐Linked DNA Displacement (ELIDIS) Assay for Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of Antibodies**
Authors: Díaz‐Fernández Ana , Ranallo Simona , Ricci Francesco
Published: November 2023

Here we report the development of a method for the electrochemical ultrasensitive detection of antibodies that couples the programmability and versatility of DNA‐based systems with the sensitivity provided by enzymatic amplification. The platform, termed Enzyme‐Linked DNA Displacement (ELIDIS), is based on the use of antigen‐DNA conjugates that, upon the bivalent binding of a specific target antibody, induce the release of an enzyme‐DNA hybrid strand from a preformed duplex. Such enzyme‐DNA hybrid strand can then be electrochemically detected with a disposable electrode with high sensitivity. We applied ELIDIS to demonstrate the sensitive (limit of detection in the picomolar range), specific and multiplexed detection of five different antibodies including three clinically relevant ones. ELIDIS is also rapid (it only requires two reaction steps), works well in complex media (serum) and is cost‐effective. A direct comparison with a commercial ELISA kit for the detection of Cetuximab demonstrates the promising features of ELIDIS as a point‐of‐care platform for antibodies detection.
Carbon Oxyanion Self‐Transformation on NiFe Oxalates Enables Long‐Term Ampere‐Level Current Density Seawater Oxidation
Authors: Li Zixiao , Yao Yongchao , Sun Shengjun , Liang Jie , Hong Shaohuan , Zhang Hui , Yang Chaoxin , Zhang Xuefeng , Cai Zhengwei , Li Jun , Ren Yuchun , Luo Yongsong , Zheng Dongdong , He Xun , Liu Qian , Wang Yan , Gong Feng , Sun Xuping , Tang Bo
Published: November 2023

Seawater electrolysis is an attractive way of making H2 in coastal areas, and NiFe‐based materials are among the top options for alkaline seawater oxidation (ASO). However, ample Cl− in seawater can severely corrode catalytic sites and lead to limited lifespans. Herein, we report that in situ carbon oxyanion self‐transformation (COST) from oxalate to carbonate on a monolithic NiFe oxalate micropillar electrode allows safeguard of high‐valence metal reaction sites in ASO. In situ/ex situ studies show that spontaneous, timely, and appropriate COST safeguards active sites against Cl− attack during ASO even at an ampere‐level current density (j). Our NiFe catalyst shows efficient and stable ASO performance, which requires an overpotential as low as 349 mV to attain a j of 1 A cm−2. Moreover, the NiFe catalyst with protective surface CO32− exhibits a slight activity degradation after 600 h of electrolysis under 1 A cm−2 in alkaline seawater. This work reports effective catalyst surface design concepts at the level of oxyanion self‐transformation, acting as a momentous step toward defending active sites in seawater‐to‐H2 conversion systems.
Hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid‐modified starch‐based flame retardant in improving the flame retardancy of insulating paper
Authors: Zhao Wenguang , Liu Zhuo , Luan Pengcheng , Zhang Yazeng , Lin Benping , Wei Yaqin , Chen Qi‐Jie
Published: November 2023

In order to improve the flame‐retardant performance of insulating paper and reduce the fire risk, hydroxyethyl diphosphate and dicyandiamide were used to modify starch to prepare a new starch‐based flame retardant (SHPD). The combustion, mechanical, and electrical properties of SHPD treated flame‐retardant insulating paper were investigated. The results showed that when the impregnation concentration of SHPD was 25.0%, the limiting oxygen index of the insulating paper was increased from 18.3% to 38.3% and reached the level of UL‐94 V‐0. The tensile index and burst index of the flame‐retardant insulating papers were only 10.17% and 12.5% lower than that of the control insulating paper. The ring crush strength and alternating current breakdown strength in air of the flame‐retardant insulating papers were 63.3% and 1.8% higher than that of the control insulating paper. The SHPD flame retardant has a good application prospect in insulating paper.
Design of piezoelectric nanogenerator based onBiFeO3/epoxy resin with potential application for wearable electronic devices
Authors: Godzierz Marcin , Masiuchok Olha , Talaniuk Viktoriia , Kurtyka Klaudia , Olszowska Karolina , Kobyliukh Anastasiia , Janeczek Henryk , Pusz Sławomira , Głuchowski Paweł , Kujawa Daniela , Toroń Bartłomiej , Szperlich Piotr , Olesik Piotr , Smoleń Jakub , Kozioł Mateusz , Szeluga Urszula
Published: November 2023

Growing demand for electric energy in newly developed electronic systems causes increasing interest in research on piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs). Design and fabrication of such devices is challenging, considering cost of materials used in their construction. This is the main reason why intensive research has begun on 0‐3 composites with piezoelectric properties. One of the most promising constituent materials for composites fabrication are polymers, due to their low cost and easy processing. Herein, we present fabricated wearable PENG with good impact and vibration energy conversion properties. Correlation between matrix stiffness and piezoelectric properties of 0‐3 type composite is proposed. It was found that composite with 10 wt.% of BiFeO3particles exhibits power output density for vibrations, finger tapping, and air stream pressureP = 11.12 nW cm−3,P = 4.83 μW cm−3, andP = 769.2 μW cm−3, respectively. Decrease in stiffness of epoxy matrix results at least in two‐times lower power output density for this same PENG. The obtained results demonstrate that the fabricated BFO/epoxy composites show the wide applicability and potential to be integrated with other functional devices, for example, as a part of wearable devices in smart shoes.
Mitigation of Osteoclast‐Mediated Arthritic Bone Remodeling By Short Chain Fatty Acids
Authors: Yang Katharine Lu , Mullins Briana J. , Lejeune Alannah , Ivanova Ellie , Shin Jong , Bajwa Sofia , Possemato Richard , Cadwell Ken , Scher Jose U. , Koralov Sergei B.
Published: November 2023

Objective

The objective for this study was to evaluate the effects of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on arthritic bone remodeling.

Methods

We treated a recently described preclinical murine model of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), R26STAT3Cstopfl/fl CD4Cre mice, with SCFA‐supplemented water. We also performed in vitro osteoclast differentiation assays in the presence of serum‐level SCFAs to evaluate the direct impact of these microbial metabolites on maturation and function of osteoclasts. We further characterized the molecular mechanism of SCFAs by transcriptional analysis.

Results

The osteoporosis condition in R26STAT3Cstopfl/fl CD4Cre animals is attributed primarily to robust osteoclast differentiation driven by an expansion of osteoclast progenitor cells (OCPs), accompanied by impaired osteoblast development. We show that SCFA supplementation can rescue the osteoporosis phenotype in this model of PsA. Our in vitro experiments revealed an inhibitory effect of the SCFAs on osteoclast differentiation, even at very low serum concentrations. This suppression of osteoclast differentiation enabled SCFAs to impede osteoporosis development in R26STAT3Cstopfl/fl CD4Cre mice. Further interrogation revealed that bone marrow–derived OCPs from diseased mice expressed a higher level of SCFA receptors than those of control mice and that the progenitor cells in the bone marrow of SCFA‐treated mice presented a modified transcriptomic landscape, suggesting a direct impact of SCFAs on bone marrow progenitors in the context of osteoporosis.

Conclusion

We demonstrated how gut microbiota‐derived SCFAs can regulate distal pathology (ie, osteoporosis) and identified a potential therapeutic option for restoring bone density in rheumatic disease, further highlighting the critical role of the gut–bone axis in these disorders.

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The combined effects of an anatomy program integrating drawing and gamification on basic psychological needs satisfaction among sport sciences students: Results of a natural experiment
Authors: Latre‐Navarro Lorena , Quintas‐Hijós Alejandro , Sáez‐Bondía María‐José
Published: November 2023

According to self‐determination theory, the need for competence, autonomy, and relatedness has been associated with intrinsic motivation. Fulfilling basic psychological needs can lead to better learning, academic performance, and well‐being. In this study, an anatomy program integrated gamification and drawing methods to explore their influence on basic psychological needs satisfaction and potential learning implications. Basic psychological needs outcomes of sport sciences students were compared to test the effects of the Observe–Reflect–Draw–Edit–Repeat (ORDER) method and gamification (experimental condition) versus a non‐ORDER and non‐gamified program (control condition). These two different 30‐h (7‐week) anatomy education programs were implemented at two Spanish public universities with 116 first‐year sport sciences students. Pre and post‐treatment measurements were collected using the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale. Statistical analyses included independent samples t‐tests, ANCOVAs, and factorial repeated measures ANOVAs 2 × 2 (time × treatment). The gamified ORDER program achieved higher satisfaction scores in basic psychological needs compared to the control group (t = 2.98, p = 0.004, d = 0.54). Additionally, an interaction effect between time and treatment was observed (p = 0.042,  = 0.038). Treatment and interaction effects were observed for ‘autonomy’ (p = 0.003,  = 0.074) and ‘competence’ satisfaction (p = 0.048,  = 0.035). A time effect was found for ‘relatedness’ in the control group, but no significant treatment or interaction effects were identified. The causes of these effects are debated in the study, as well as the limitations. These findings support the notion that students’ basic psychological needs are better satisfied in anatomy education with the implementation of this multimethod educational intervention based on ORDER and gamification.
Three‐dimensional Polymers as Organic Cathodes for Affordable and Sustainable Sodium/Potassium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Mohammadiroudbari Motahareh , Li Shi , Huang Jinghao , Yang Zhenzhen , Chen Fu , Cheng Lei , Luo Chao
Published: November 2023

Redox‐active polymers (RAPs) are promising organic electrode materials for affordable and sustainable batteries due to their flexible chemical structures and negligible solubility in the electrolyte. Developing high‐dimensional RAPs with porous structures and crosslinkers can further improve their stability and redox capability by reducing the solubility and enhancing reaction kinetics. This work reports two three‐dimensional (3D) RAPs as stable organic cathodes in Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) and K‐ion batteries (KIBs). Carbonyl functional groups are incorporated into the repeating units of the RAPs by the polycondensation of Tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)methane and two different dianhydrides. The RAPs with interconnected 3D extended conjugation structures undergo multi‐electron redox reactions and exhibit high performance in both NIBs and KIBs in terms of long cycle life (up to 8000 cycles) and fast charging capability (up to 2 A g−1). The results demonstrate that developing 3D RAPs is an effective strategy to achieve high‐performance, affordable, and sustainable NIBs and KIBs.
Acute stress symptoms in general population during the first wave of COVID lockdown in Italy: Results from the COMET trial
Authors: Carmassi Claudia , Sampogna Gaia , Di Vincenzo Matteo , Cipolla Salvatore , Toni Claudia , Albert Umberto , Carrà Giuseppe , Cirulli Francesca , Dell'Osso Bernardo , Fantasia Sara , Nanni Maria Giulia , Pedrinelli Virginia , Pompili Maurizio , Sani Gabriele , Tortorella Alfonso , Volpe Umberto , Fiorillo Andrea
Published: November 2023

Background

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is an unprecedented traumatic event that has severely impacted social, economic, and health well‐being worldwide. The COvid Mental hEalth Trial was specifically designed to evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and its containment measures on the mental health of the Italian general population in terms of COVID‐19‐related acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms.

Methods

The present cross‐sectional study is based on an online survey carried out in the period March–May 2020. Italian general adult population was invited to compile an anonymous survey, which included the severity of acute stress symptoms scale/National Stressful Events Survey Short Scale to investigate the occurrence and severity of ASD symptoms.

Results

The final sample consisted of 20,720 participants. During the lockdown, subjects with pre‐existing mental health problems reported a statistically significant higher risk of acute post‐traumatic symptoms compared to the general population (B: 2.57; 95% CI:2.04–3.09; p < .0001) and health care professionals (B: .37; 95% CI: .02–0.72; p < .05). According to multivariate regression models, the levels of acute post‐traumatic symptoms (p < .0001) were higher in younger and female respondents. Social isolation and sleep disorder/insomnia represented positive predictors of acute stress (B = 3.32, 95% CI = 3.08–3.57).

Conclusions

Concerns about the risk of infection as well as social isolation caused a higher incidence of acute post‐traumatic stress symptoms that may predict the subsequent development of post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms in the long term.