bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chiral crystallization and the origin of chiral life on earth
Authors: Vogl Otto
Published: January 2011

The creation of chirality on Earth and the development of chiral life have been discussed in this highlight. Convincing evidence for the introduction of chirality on Earth is still fragmentary. We believe that by a combination of chiral crystallization and formation of helical polymers with preferred chiral conformational structure is the key to this question. This concept of macromolecular asymmetry has inspired ideas and resulted in possible rules for how chiral life as we know it, could have been introduced. These investigations needed the understanding of the requirements for chiral crystallization, for the stereochemistry of the initial formation of helical polymers, the measurements of optical activity of solids and their coordination with the fundamentals of chirality. Spacial modeling of the “oligo‐crystallization” of sodium chlorate led to the conception of “isotactic” linear crystallization, which involves helical propagation. It seems to require unequal sizes of the cations and anions, which, by branching propagation leads to three‐dimensional chiral crystal formation. Linear “isotactic” propagation of crystallization seems to be equivalent to stereo and conformational specific polymerization. One and a half turns of the helix seems to be required for stereo‐ and conformational specificity, that is, between the pentamer and hexamer in chloral polymerization (11/3 or nearly 4/1 helix) and between trimer and tetramer for the sodium chlorate crystal (2/1 helix). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Organocatalytic depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Fukushima Kazuki , Coulembier Olivier , Lecuyer Julien M. , Almegren Hamid A. , Alabdulrahman Abdullah M. , Alsewailem Fares D. , Mcneil Melanie A. , Dubois Philippe , Waymouth Robert M. , Horn Hans W. , Rice Julia E. , Hedrick James L.
Published: January 2011

We describe the organocatalytic depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), using a commercially available guanidine catalyst, 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD). Postconsumer PET beverage bottles were used and processed with 1.0 mol % (0.7 wt %) of TBD and excess amount of ethylene glycol (EG) at 190 °C for 3.5 hours under atmospheric pressure to give bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) in 78% isolated yield. The catalyst efficiency was comparable to other metal acetate/alkoxide catalysts that are commonly used for depolymerization of PET. The BHET content in the glycolysis product was subject to the reagent loading. This catalyst influenced the rate of the depolymerization as well as the effective process temperature. We also demonstrated the recycling of the catalyst and the excess EG for more than 5 cycles. Computational and experimental studies showed that both TBD and EG activate PET through hydrogen bond formation/activation to facilitate this reaction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Effective charge measurements reveal selective and preferential accumulation of anions, but not cations, at the protein surface in dilute salt solutions
Authors: Gokarn Yatin R. , Fesinmeyer R.Matthew , Saluja Atul , Razinkov Vladimir , Chase Susan F. , Laue Thomas M. , Brems David N.
Published: January 2011

Specific‐ion effects are ubiquitous in nature; however, their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Although Hofmeister‐ion effects on proteins are observed at higher (>0.3M) salt concentrations, in dilute (<0.1M) salt solutions nonspecific electrostatic screening is considered to be dominant. Here, using effective charge (Q*) measurements of hen‐egg white lysozyme (HEWL) as a direct and differential measure of ion‐association, we experimentally show that anions selectively and preferentially accumulate at the protein surface even at low (<100 mM) salt concentrations. At a given ion normality (50 mN), the HEWL Q* was dependent on anion, but not cation (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, GdnH+, and Ca2+), identity. The Q* decreased in the order F− > Cl− > Br− > NO ∼ I− > SCN− > ClO ≫ SO, demonstrating progressively greater binding of the monovalent anions to HEWL and also show that the SO anion, despite being strongly hydrated, interacts directly with the HEWL surface. Under our experimental conditions, we observe a remarkable asymmetry between anions and cations in their interactions with the HEWL surface.
Lack of cross‐resistance to a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, fluopyram, in highly boscalid‐resistant isolates of Corynespora cassiicola and Podosphaera xanthii
Authors: Ishii Hideo , Miyamoto Takuya , Ushio Shingo , Kakishima Makoto
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND: Recently in Japan, isolates resistant to boscalid, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), have been detected in Corynespora cassiicola (Burk. & Curt.) Wei and Podosphaera xanthii (Castaggne) Braun & Shishkoff, the pathogens causing Corynespora leaf spot and powdery mildew disease on cucumber, respectively. Resistant isolates of C. cassiicola are widely distributed and represent a serious problem in disease control at present. Novel SDHI fungicides, including fluopyram, are now under development.

RESULTS: The growth of very highly boscalid‐resistant, highly resistant and sensitive isolates of C. cassiicola was strongly suppressed on fluopyram‐amended YBA agar medium. Although boscalid and another SDHI, penthiopyrad, hardly controlled Corynespora leaf spot and powdery mildew on cucumber plants when very highly or highly boscalid‐resistant isolates were employed for inoculation, fluopyram still exhibited excellent control efficacy against these resistant isolates as well as sensitive isolates of C. cassiicola and P. xanthii.

CONCLUSION: Differential sensitivity to boscalid, penthiopyrad and fluopyram, clearly found in these two important pathogens of cucumber, may indicate involvement of a slightly distinct site of action for fluopyram from the two other SDHIs. This finding may lead to the discovery of unique SDHIs in the future. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Laboratory assays of select candidate insecticides for control of Dendroctonus ponderosae
Authors: Fettig Christopher J , Hayes Christopher J , McKelvey Stephen R , Mori Sylvia R
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND: The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is the most destructive bark beetle in western North America. Dendroctonus ponderosae can be prevented from successfully colonizing and killing individual trees by ground‐based sprays of insecticides applied directly to the tree bole. However, the future availability of several active ingredients, including carbaryl which is most commonly used in the western United States, is uncertain. Two novel insecticides, cyantraniliprole [Cyazypyr™‐OD (oil dispersion) and Cyazypyr™‐SC (suspension concentrate)] and chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr®), and carbaryl were assayed in both filter paper and topical assays.

RESULTS: Compared with 20 000 mg L−1 carbaryl (i.e. the maximum label rate for solutions applied to conifers for protection from bark beetle attack in the western United States), cyantraniliprole OD caused similar rates of mortality in D. ponderosae adults at 400‐fold weaker concentrations in both bioassays, while cyantraniliprole SC caused similar rates of mortality at 40‐fold weaker concentrations. Probit analyses confirmed that D. ponderosae is most sensitive to cyantraniliprole OD, while chlorantraniliprole was effective at concentrations similar to carbaryl.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lower concentrations of carbaryl have merit for field testing than have been previously considered. While cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole have similar modes of action, cyantraniliprole OD appears to have greater promise for protecting individual trees from mortality attributed to D. ponderosae attack and should be evaluated in field studies. Published 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncertainty evaluation in the analysis of biological samples by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Part B: measurements of As, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sn and V in human serum
Authors: Bocca Beatrice , Mattei Daniela , Pino Anna , Alimonti Alessandro
Published: January 2011

This protocol was developed to estimate the uncertainty of measurements in the sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of As, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sn and V in human serum by utilizing in‐house validation data. The approach is outlined in the Eurachem/Citac Guide and other relevant publications. The results generated were the followings: (i) coefficients of regression >0.9995 over two orders of magnitude of metal concentration; (ii) method quantification limits between 0.05 µg/L (Cr, Mn) and 0.49 µg/L (As); (iii) mean trueness checked against a certified reference material between 95.4% (As) and 107.7% (Ni); (iv) repeatability better than 10.2% over the range 0.1–2.0 µg/L; (v) reproducibility better than 12.0% over the range 0.1–2.0 µg/L; and (vi) expanded uncertainty budget comprised between 14.7% (Mn) and 27.9% (Cr) over the range 0.1–2.0 µg/L. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Side‐docking in robotic‐assisted gynaecologic cancer surgery
Authors: Woods Demetrius Leon , Hou June Y. , Riemers Laura , Gupta Divya , Kuo Dennis Yi‐Shin
Published: January 2011

Background

The majority of previous experience with the robotic‐sssisted laparoscopic technique for gynaecological procedures has utilized a method in which the robot is centrally located (CD) between the patient's legs.

Methods

Twelve consecutive patients undergoing robotic‐assisted procedures for gynaecological malignancies were positioned in a side‐docking (SD) fashion, in which the robot is positioned lateral to the patient. The relevant clinical parameters were collected and compared to the previous 12 patients undergoing surgery using the conventional, centre‐docking (CD) technique.

Results

Specimen retrieval time for larger uteri was reduced in the SD group compared to the CD group (p = 0.03). Total operative times were slightly lower in the SD group and specimen retrieval times for all uterine weights were unchanged when compared to the CD group. Statistical significance was not observed.

Conclusions

Side‐docking is an alternative to the conventional centre‐docking approach in robotic‐assisted surgery. Its use may facilitate larger specimen retrieval while decreasing operative time and associated costs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noninvasive ultrasonic measuring system for bone geometry examination
Authors: Krysztoforski K. , Krowicki P. , Świa̧tek‐Najwer E. , Bȩdziński R. , Keppler P.
Published: January 2011

Background

Bone deformities are typically identified through standard radiograms. Since X‐ray examinations are easily applied and offer high quality imaging, noninvasive techniques are not commonly used in bone diagnostics. Nevertheless, nonradiological techniques are considered necessary because of the harmful effects of X‐ray radiation.

Methods

The paper presents a new noninvasive system for bone imaging. The system allows the physician to create self‐defined templates of the measured geometrical parameters and to measure the bone geometry according to the planned procedures.

Results

The proposed system was verified by determining the fiducial location error, the fiducial registration error and the target registration error. The tests were performed on sawbones and a measuring plate. In order to verify the accuracy of reconstruction, tests on the three‐dimensional phantoms were carried out. The system has been tested in clinical conditions: results of limb geometrical parameters measured on five probands were compared with MRI‐based evaluation.

Conclusions

The system supplies critical data supporting the standard radiological examination. In the future, after further improvements it may replace invasive X‐ray imaging. The main advantage of ultrasonography is noninvasive imaging (using mechanical waves), however, it demands considerable experience. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Random survival forests for high‐dimensional data
Authors: Ishwaran Hemant , Kogalur Udaya B. , Chen Xi , Minn Andy J.
Published: January 2011

Minimal depth is a dimensionless order statistic that measures the predictiveness of a variable in a survival tree. It can be used to select variables in high‐dimensional problems using Random Survival Forests (RSF), a new extension of Breiman's Random Forests (RF) to survival settings. We review this methodology and demonstrate its use in high‐dimensional survival problems using a public domain R‐language package randomSurvivalForest. We discuss effective ways to regularize forests and discuss how to properly tune the RF parameters ‘nodesize’ and ‘mtry’. We also introduce new graphical ways of using minimal depth for exploring variable relationships. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 115–132 2011
Molecular‐weight‐controlled synthesis and dye‐fixing properties of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)
Authors: Yu Yikai , Zhang Yuejun
Published: January 2011

The effects of synthesis conditions on the properties of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC), especially the molecular weight, were studied in detail in order to assess a new method for the molecular‐weight‐controlled synthesis of PDMDAAC. This method was used to synthesize a series of PDMDAACs with different molecular weights, and then the relationships between the molecular weight and the dye‐fixing properties were studied in detail in order to investigate a new way for improving these properties. The results showed that the molecular weight of PDMDAAC could be controlled by polymerization temperature, monomer concentration, and initiator amount, in agreement with the kinetic chain length equation, and a series of PDMDAACs with characteristic viscosities of 0.18–0.81 dL/g was synthesized by the given synthesis method. The dye‐fixing properties of the PDMDAACs depend on their molecular weight, and when their characteristic viscosities were controlled in the range of 0.24–0.47 dL/g, they exhibited better dye‐fixing properties than PDMDAACs with other characteristic viscosities and a commercial PDMDAAC dyefixative. In addition, the wet rubbing fastness, color fastness to soaping, and white fabric staining were significantly improved by controlling the molecular weight. Thus, the fastness properties of the PDMDAACs could be improved by controlling their molecular weight, and promising PDMDAAC dyefixatives could be synthesized by the new synthesis method. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of epoxidized natural rubber on the processing behavior, tensile properties, morphology, and thermal properties of linear‐low‐density polyethylene/soya powder blends
Authors: Sam S.T. , Ismail H. , Ahmad Z.
Published: January 2011

The effect of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with 50 mol% epoxidation (ENR 50) on the processing behaviors, tensile properties, morphology, and thermal properties of linear‐low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/soya powder blends was investigated. The LLDPE was blended with various soya powder contents in a Haake internal mixer at 150°C and a rotor speed of 50 rpm for 10 min. The tensile properties were tested by using an Instron tensometer according to ISO 527. The thermal stability of the blends was determined by using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The tensile strength and elongation at the breakage point were significantly improved by the addition of ENR 50, as evidenced by morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the other hand, the tensile modulus increased with soya powder content up to 20% and decreased thereafter. The crystallinity and crystallization temperatures of the blends decreased with the incorporation of ENR, and the thermal stability of the blends was lower with higher soya powder content. However, ENR 50 improved the thermal stability of LLDPE/soya powder blends. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Building a Comprehensive Genomic Program for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Harring Theresa R. , Guiteau Jacfranz J. , Nguyen N. Thao T. , Cotton Ron T. , Gingras Marie‐Claude , Wheeler David A. , O’Mahony Christine A. , Gibbs Richard A. , Brunicardi F. Charles , Goss John A.
Published: January 2011

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, causing approximately 660,000 deaths worldwide annually. The preferred treatment of HCC is surgical resection or orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for patients meeting specific criteria. For patients outside these criteria, options are limited and include medical therapy, radiofrequency ablation, chemoembolization, or palliative measures, and these result in poor outcomes. Various centers at Baylor are elucidating the genomics of HCC to improve treatment options, with a focus on three etiologies: hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, and non‐viral.

Methods

Through collaborative efforts, we have established an effective specimen biobanking protocol, and we are using several techniques to analyze HCC, including whole genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing, gene‐specific analysis, gene expression, and epigenetic analysis.

Results

We have completed whole genome sequencing on two patient samples, whole exome sequencing on 47 patient samples, gene‐specific analysis on 94 patient samples, gene expression on 4 patient samples, and epigenetic analysis on 1 patient sample.

Conclusions

We hope to use these results to define novel genetic therapeutic strategies that may work in conjunction with surgical approaches to improve long‐term patient and graft survival rates in patients with HCC. We also aim to provide a functional framework of a comprehensive program for genomic analysis that may be imitated by other institutions and for other tumors in the global quest toward personalized genomic medicine.
International Organisations and Peace Enforcement
Authors: Coleman Katharina P.
Published: January 2011

What distinguishes a peace enforcement operation from an invasion? This question has been asked with particular vehemence since the US intervention in Iraq, but it faces all military operations seeking to impose peace in countries torn by civil war. This book highlights the critical role of international organisations (IOs) as gatekeepers to international legitimacy for modern peace enforcement operations. The author analyses five operations launched through four IOs: the ECOWAS intervention in Liberia, the SADC operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Lesotho, the NATO Kosovo campaign and the UN intervention in East Timor. In all these campaigns, lead states sought IO mandates primarily to establish the international legitimacy of their interventions. The evidence suggests that international relations are structured by commonly accepted rules, that both democratic and authoritarian states care about the international legitimacy of their actions, and that IOs have a key function in world politics.
Security Rights in Movable Property in European Private Law
Authors: Graziadei Michele , Gretton George L. , van der Merwe Cornelius G. , Storme Matthias E.
Published: January 2011

For every transnational lawyer, it is vital to know the differences between national secured transactions laws. Since the applicable law is determined by the place where the collateral is situated, it may change when movables are brought from one state to another. Introductory essays from comparative lawyers set the scene. The book then presents a survey of the law relating to secured transactions in the member states of the European Union. Following the Common Core approach, the national reports are centred around fifteen hypothetical cases dealing with the most important issues of secured transactions law, such as the creation of security rights in different business situations, the relationship between debtor and secured creditor, the nature of the creditor's rights and their enforcement as against third parties. each case is followed by a comparative summary. A general report evaluates the possibilities of European harmonisation in the field of secured transactions law.
Cambridge Street-Names
Authors: Gray Ronald , Stubbings Derek , Sahai Virén
Published: January 2011

This book, first published in 2000, draws on the great wealth of associations of street-names in Cambridge. It is not a dictionary, but it provides a series of entries on such topics as the Reformation, George IV and his wife, twentieth-century British scientists, businessmen, Elizabethan times, medieval Cambridge, mayors, millers, and builders. It includes hermits and coal merchants, field marshals and laundresses, martyrs and bombers, unscrupulous politicians and the founder of a Christian community, Cromwell and Newton, an Anglo-Saxon queen and the discoverer of Uranus - all people who lived in or often visited Cambridge. The ancient Stourbridge fair is included, along with castles and boat-races, sewage pumps and the original Hobson of 'Hobson's Choice'. Who was St Tibb? Where did Dick Turpin hide? Where was the medieval takeaway? Unlike earlier works, this is a history of everybody for everybody.
The Thought of Mao Tse-Tung
Authors: Schram Stuart
Published: January 2011

The most general and probably the most lasting expression of Mao Tse-tung's contribution to the Chinese revolution was his thought. Stuart Schram's book examines the unfolding of Mao's ideas, and in so doing sheds light on other aspects of Mao Tse-tung's life and times. The author traces the stages in the formation of Mao's thought from the May Fourth period through the peasant movement, the long years of armed struggle against the Kuomintang and the Japanese invaders, the foundation of a new state, his efforts to devise a 'Chinese road to socialism', the Sino-Soviet split, and the so-called 'Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution'. Professor Schram offers a fascinating and sure-footed analysis of Mao's intellectual itinerary, recognizing the positive value of the participatory and anti-bureaucratic thrust of his thought, and of his efforts to link Marxism with Chinese reality, but underscoring also the irrationality of the Great Leap strategy, and the destructive consequences of the personality cult, which led in the end to a combination of anarchy and despotism.
Economic Life in Ottoman Jerusalem
Authors: Cohen Amnon
Published: January 2011

Jerusalem was never just another Ottoman town, but in the heyday of the Ottoman Empire it displayed many of the characteristics of a Muslim traditional society. Professor Cohen makes full use of the rich and hitherto unexplored Arabic and Turkish archives relating to this period to reconstruct a vivid and detailed picture of everyday life in this lively urban centre. His study focuses on the major guilds of sixteenth-century Jerusalem - butchers, soap-producers and dealers, millers and bakers, describing and analysing their production methods, prices and measures, and the services they provided for the local population. In addition, their economic ties with neighbouring villages, as well as their social background and inter-relations are discussed. The author shows how this detailed knowledge can lead to a better understanding of the longer-term changes in the economy of the city and of the Empire as a whole.
Egalitarian Perspectives
Authors: Roemer John E.
Published: January 2011

This book presents fifteen essays, written over the past dozen years, on egalitarianism. The essays explore contemporary philosophical debates on this subject, using the tools of modern economic theory, general equilibrium theory, game theory, and the theory of mechanism design. Egalitarian Perspectives is divided into four parts: the theory of exploitation; equality of resources; bargaining theory and distributive justice; and market socialism and public ownership. The first part presents Roemer's influential reconceptualisation of the Marxian theory of exploitation as a theory of distributive justice. The second part offers a critique of Ronald Dworkin's equality-of-resources theory, and puts forward a new egalitarian proposal based upon a specific method of measuring individual responsibility. The third part introduces a novel application of the theory of mechanism design to the study of political philosophy, and raises new concerns about the limitations of that application. The fourth part presents the author's views on market socialism and public ownership, and demonstrates that Professor Roemer is at the forefront of refining new theories and conceptions of market socialism.
Social Democracy and Society
Authors: Nolan Mary
Published: January 2011

Social Democracy and Society examines the origins of working-class radicalism in Imperial Germany. The Düsseldorf Social Democratic Party was associated with the left wing of the SPD. It defended theoretical orthodoxy against the onslaughts of revisionism, rejected all cooperation with bourgeois groups, and advocated militant tactics. Professor Nolan argues that the roots of this radicalism extended deep into the Imperial period and sprang from a confrontation between Düsseldorf's working class, which was variously young, highly skilled, migrant, and new to industry, and a political and cultural environment that offered no reformist options. She examines the distinct roles played by peasant workers new to industry, skilled migrant workers, and the indigenous population of Catholic workers. This is the first study to investigate in detail the history of the socialist labor movement in an urban area that was heavily Catholic and to analyze the significance of Catholicism for the political culture of the working class.
Flow Control
Authors: Gad-el-Hak Mohamed
Published: January 2011

The ability to actively or passively manipulate a flow field to bring about a desired change is of immense technological importance. The potential benefits of improving flow control systems range from saving billions of dollars in fuel costs for land, air and sea vehicles to achieving more economically competitive and environmentally sound industrial processes involving fluid flows. This book provides a thorough treatment of the basics of flow control and control practices that can be used to produce desired effects. Among topics covered are transition delay, separation prevention, drag reduction, lift augmentation, turbulence suppression, noise abatement, and heat and mass transfer enhancement. The final chapter explores the frontiers of flow control strategies, especially as applied to turbulent flows. Intended for engineering and physics students, researchers and practitioners, Flow Control brings together in a single source a wealth of information on practices and developments in this very active field.
Ultra-wideband Positioning Systems
Authors: Sahinoglu Zafer , Gezici Sinan , Güvenc Ismail
Published: January 2011

Position estimation of wireless devices has many applications in short-range networks. Ultra-wideband (UWB) signals provide accurate positioning capabilities that can be harnessed in wireless systems to realise these applications. This text provides detailed coverage of UWB positioning systems, offering comprehensive treatment of signal and receiver design for ranging, range estimation techniques, theoretical performance bounds, ranging algorithms and protocols. Beginning with a discussion of the potential applications of wireless positioning, and investigating UWB signals for such applications, later chapters establish a signal processing framework for analysing UWB positioning and ranging systems. The recent IEEE 802.15.4a standard related to UWB is also studied in detail. Each chapter contains examples, problems and Matlab scripts to help readers grasp key concepts. This is an ideal text for graduate students and researchers in electrical and computer engineering, and practitioners in the communications industry, particularly those in wireless communications. Further resources are available at www.cambridge.org/9780521873093.
Electronic and Optical Properties of d-Band Perovskites
Authors: Wolfram Thomas , Ellialtioglu Sinasi
Published: January 2011

The perovskite family of oxides includes a vast array of insulators, metals, and semiconductors. Current intense scientific interest stems from the large number of diverse phenomena exhibited by these materials including pseudo two-dimensional electronic energy bands, high temperature superconductivity, metal-insulator transitions, piezoelectricity, magnetism, photochromic, and catalytic activity. This book is the first text devoted to a comprehensive theory of the solid-state properties of these fascinating materials. The text includes complete descriptions of the important energy bands, photoemission, surface states, and the chapter on high-temperature superconductors explores the electronic states in typical copper-oxide materials. Theoretical results are compared to experiment and discussed throughout the book. With problem sets included, this is a unified, logical treatment of fundamental perovskite solid-state chemistry which will appeal to graduate students and researchers alike.
Handbook of Drugs in Intensive Care
Authors: Paw Henry G. W. , Park Gilbert R.
Published: January 2011

A thoroughly updated edition of this well-established guide to drugs and prescribing for intensive care. The book is split into two sections: an A-Z guide to the drugs available, and concise notes on the key topics and situations faced on a daily basis. The A-Z section provides succinct information on each drug including uses, limitations, administration directions and adverse effects. The second section details complications that may arise in patients with particular conditions such as diabetes, epilepsy and renal failure, and other factors that may affect drug prescribing. There is also a section of key data, showing weight conversions, body mass index and corresponding dosage calculations. This edition includes a colour fold-out chart showing drug compatibility for intravenous administration. Presented in a concise, compact format, this book is an invaluable resource for doctors, nurses and other medical professionals caring for critically ill patients.
Interpreting Chest X-Rays
Authors: Eng Philip , Cheah Foong-Koon
Published: January 2011

Interpreting chest X-rays can seem baffling and intimidating for senior medical students and newly qualified doctors. This highly illustrated guide provides the ideal introduction to chest radiology. It uses 100 clinical cases to illuminate a wide range of common medical conditions, each illustrated with a chest X-ray and a clear description of the significant diagnostic features and their clinical relevance. Where appropriate CT scans and bronchoscopic imaging are also included as part of the investigation. Pulmonary medicine is largely based on a strong foundation on the plain chest radiograph. Indeed chest radiography is the single most common investigation done in hospital practice. This illustrated collection of case studies will help make the learning process easier and more enjoyable and less painful. As well as illuminating pearls of core knowledge in chest X-ray interpretation, it highlights some of the pitfalls that might wrong-foot the inexperienced practitioner.
Assisting at Surgical Operations
Authors: Whalan Comus
Published: January 2011

There are many superb books on how to do operations but there are few or none on how to assist at them, and none written either by or for medical students or doctors. Therefore, the skills that make an expert surgical assistant are difficult to acquire. Normally, they can only be learnt in a haphazard way, by spending years in the operating theatre. This book describes those skills in a concise and systematic way, in surgery in general, and in ten different speciality areas. Although intended mainly for clinical-level medical students and junior doctors, other people who assist at surgical operations, including general practitioners, nurse assistants and surgical technologists, will also find it useful. Whether planning a career in surgery, or simply aiming for high marks in a surgical rotation, there are few better ways to impress a surgeon than by skilfully assisting at surgical operations.
Double Affine Hecke Algebras
Authors: Cherednik Ivan
Published: January 2011

This is an essentially self-contained monograph in an intriguing field of fundamental importance for Representation Theory, Harmonic Analysis, Mathematical Physics, and Combinatorics. It is a major source of general information about the double affine Hecke algebra, also called Cherednik's algebra, and its impressive applications. Chapter 1 is devoted to the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations attached to root systems and their relations to affine Hecke algebras, Kac-Moody algebras, and Fourier analysis. Chapter 2 contains a systematic exposition of the representation theory of the one-dimensional DAHA. It is the simplest case but far from trivial with deep connections in the theory of special functions. Chapter 3 is about DAHA in full generality, including applications to Macdonald polynomials, Fourier transforms, Gauss-Selberg integrals, Verlinde algebras, and Gaussian sums. This book is designed for mathematicians and physicists, experts and students, for those who want to master the double Hecke algebra technique. Visit http://arxiv.org/math.QA/0404307 to read Chapter 0 and selected topics from other chapters.
UML Xtra-Light
Authors: Kratochvil Milan , McGibbon Barry
Published: January 2011

If you are a non-technical person with a stake in the success of a software project, this book is for you. Business managers often find it impossible to communicate business objectives and specify their software requirements to technical members of staff. This beginner's guide teaches readers to communicate with software developers in a more focused, effective way. It describes the basic diagrams of the UML modeling notation and shows how they are used to specify requirements in an unambiguous way. When used on project, the risk of failure through unclear requirements is removed.
Propertius: Elegies
Authors: Propertius
Published: January 2011

Propertius, though his works are small in volume, is one of the foremost poets of the Augustan age, and his writing has a certain appeal to modern tastes (witness the admiration of Ezra Pound). Book I is especially suitable for the reader wanting a representative selection of Propertius' poetry. It stands on its own, having appeared in the first place as a separate collection; it reflects a distinct phase of the poet's activity (and of his emotional development); and it is the book which made his reputation. This edition is designed for the pocket of the university student, but it should find a wider audience among classicists of all ages. The introduction provides the necessary historical and critical background and relates Book I to the rest of the elegies; the notes are helpful and to the point; and the text has a reasonable minimum of apparatus. There are no modern editions of this size and scope.
Vindiciae Contra Tyrannos
Authors: Brutus Stephanius Jurius
Published: January 2011

The Vindiciae, contra tyrannos was the most infamous of the monarchomach treatises produced during the French wars of religion, and continued to be revered (or execrated) as a key part of the radical canon for well over a century after its publication. It is one of the first attempts to advance a systematic justification, with interlocking secular and religious arguments, of resistance against legitimately constituted political authority. This edition presents the first complete and accurate English translation of the work, a comprehensive apparatus, and an introduction which provides the first detailed analysis of the argument and also reconsiders the much-disputed question of authorship. It will be of interest to a wide range of scholars working on the history of political thought and early modern Europe.
Causes of Growth and Stagnation in the World Economy
Authors: Kaldor Nicholas
Published: January 2011

These lectures contain a masterful summing-up of Nicholas Kaldor's critique of the foundations of mainstream economic theory. They provide a clear account of his theoretical structures on regional differences, primary producers and manufacturers, and on differing market structures and the likely course of prices and quantities in different markets over time. The first four lectures are concerned with theory, history and explanation; the fifth consists of a detailed set of integrated policy proposals. The book is rounded off with a brilliant biographical essay by Tony Thirlwall.
Instabilities in Space and Laboratory Plasmas
Authors: Melrose D. B.
Published: January 2011

This book is an introductory account of instabilities in plasma. It concentrates on laboratory plasmas, such as those encountered in fusion research, and the space plasmas studied in physics of the magnetosphere and solar atmosphere. This account bridges the gap between a graduate textbook on plasma physics and specialist monographs. An important feature is the stress placed on the similarities between astrophysical and laboratory plasmas, which are traditionally regarded as quite separate. The natural way in which the author unifies the treatment gives a wider perspective to the subject. Professor Melrose is an expert in plasma astrophysics, and has already written a two-volume book on that topic.
Coastal Evolution
Authors: Plassche Orson van de
Published: January 2011

The shoreline is a rapidly changing interface between the land and the sea, where much of the world's population lives. Coasts are under threat from a variety of natural and anthropogenic impacts, such as climate or sea-level change. This 1995 book assesses how coastlines change, and how they have evolved over the last few thousand years. It introduces concepts in coastal morphodynamics, recognising that coasts develop through co-adjustment of process and form. Particular types of coast, such as deltas, estuaries, reefs, lagoons and polar coasts, are examined in detail with conceptual models developed on the basis of well-studied examples. Coastal Evolution is written for undergraduates who are studying coastal geomorphology, geologists who are mapping coastal sedimentary sequences and environmental scientists, engineers, planners and coastal managers who need to understand the natural processes of change which occur on shorelines.
The Lebesgue Integral
Authors: Burkill J. C.
Published: January 2011

Dr Burkill gives a straightforward introduction to Lebesgue's theory of integration. His approach is the classical one, making use of the concept of measure, and deriving the principal results required for applications of the theory.
Supersymmetry in Disorder and Chaos
Authors: Efetov Konstantin
Published: January 2011

The development of the supersymmetry technique has led to significant advances in the study of disordered metals and semiconductors. The technique has proved to be of great use in the analysis of modern mesoscopic quantum devices, but is also finding applications in a broad range of other topics, such as localization and quantum chaos. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the ideas and uses of supersymmetry. The first four chapters of the book set out the basic results and some straightforward applications of the technique. Thereafter, a range of topics is covered in detail, including random matrix theory, persistent currents in mesoscopic rings, transport in mesoscopic devices, localization in quantum wires and films, and the quantum Hall effect. Each topic is covered in a self-contained manner, and the book will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics and quantum chaos.
From Liberalism to Fascism
Authors: Passmore Kevin
Published: January 2011

The Croix de Feu and its successor the Parti Social Français stood at the centre of political conflict in the turbulent final years of the French Third Republic. Membership peaked at 750,000 in 1937, and at the time the movement was widely regarded as the counterpart of fascism in Germany and Italy. However, only recently has the view that fascism also has roots in France become a serious topic for debate. From Liberalism to Fascism is based largely on archival research, and shows that contemporary perceptions of the Croix de Feu and the PSF as fascist were in fact correct. Dr Passmore places French fascism in the wider context of the history of French conservatism through a micro-study of a crisis of the liberal-conservative tradition in Lyon. This 1997 book was the first to place the emergence of French fascism in the wider political and social context. In the process, received views of the nature of French society and politics are contested.
Exceptional Language Development in Down Syndrome
Authors: Rondal Jean A.
Published: January 2011

Is normal language acquisition possible in spite of serious intellectual impairment? The answer, it would appear, is positive. This book summarizes and discusses recent evidence in this respect. The bulk of the argument comes from the in depth study of a Down Syndrome adult woman with standard trisomy 21, exhibiting virtually normal expressive and receptive grammar. The case is compared to a small number of other exceptional cases of language development in mental retardation, as published in the recent specialized literature. Cases such as those are powerful arguments against 'cognition drives language' or better 'cognition drives grammar' theories and hypotheses. Data analysis and comparison with other empirical indications in language pathology (specific language impaired children, aphasic syndromes, degenerative syndromes, dementias) suggest dividing lines in the language system relevant to the modularity problem. Also, comparison of data on language exceptional and language-typical mentally retarded subjects supplies interesting arguments in favor of a conception of grammatical development as the gradual unfolding of innate species-specific dispositions, which are prevented to be realized ontogenetically in typical mental retardates for reason of the anomalies of early brain development in these subjects.
Africans and the Industrial Revolution in England
Authors: Inikori Joseph E.
Published: January 2011

Drawing on classical development theory and recent theoretical advances on the connection between expanding markets and technological developments, this book shows the critical role of expanding Atlantic commerce in the successful completion of England's industrialization process over the period 1650–1850. The contribution of Africans, the central focus of the book, is measured in terms of the role of diasporic Africans in large-scale commodity production in the Americas - of which expanding Atlantic commerce was a function - at a time when demographic and other socioeconomic conditions in the Atlantic basin encouraged small-scale production by independent populations, largely for subsistence. This is the first detailed study of the role of overseas trade in the Industrial Revolution. It revises inward-looking explanations that have dominated the field in recent decades, and shifts the assessment of African contribution away from the debate on profits.
Thrustbelts
Authors: Nemcok Michal , Schamel Steven , Gayer Rod
Published: January 2011

Thrustbelts are likely to be productive sources of hydrocarbons well into the future. Many new technical tools are enabling new discoveries, or the more efficient recovery of known reserves. The authors provide a comprehensive account of thrust systems, including orogenic thrustbelts, transpressional ranges and accretionary prisms and discuss both thin-skin thrust systems and thick-skin inversion structures. The book includes major sections on the basic concepts, definitions and mechanics of thrust systems, the roles of syn-tectonic stratigraphy and fluid flow in determining structural style, the origins and nature of evolving thermal regimes in thrustbelts, and a thorough analysis of petroleum systems and hydrocarbon plays in thrustbelts. Case studies are presented with discussion of the potential applications of the technique, possible limitations and future developments. A comprehensive database of thrustbelts is available to download. This book will be an invaluable resource for research scientists, oil company managers and students.
Press Censorship in Elizabethan England
Authors: Clegg Cyndia Susan
Published: January 2011

This is a revisionist history of press censorship in the rapidly expanding print culture of the sixteenth century. Professor Clegg establishes the nature and source of the controls, and evaluates their means and effectiveness. The state wanted to control the burgeoning press, but there were difficulties in practice because of the competing and often contradictory interests of the Crown, the Church, and the printing trade. By considering the literary and bibliographical evidence of books actually censored and by placing them in the literary, religious, economic and political culture of the time, Clegg concludes that press control was not a routine nor a consistent mechanism but an individual response to particular texts that the state perceived as dangerous. This will be the standard reference work on Elizabethan press censorship, and is also a history of the Elizabethan state's principal crises.
The Fall of the House of Credit
Authors: Milne Alistair
Published: January 2011

How was it possible for problems in one relatively small sector in the global financial system - the American sub-prime mortgage market - to lead to the most serious economic crisis in living memory? In this book, Alistair Milne untangles the complex world of modern banking and examines solutions to the crisis. He shows how the banks misused their ability to securitize loans and, by borrowing short and lending long, exposed themselves to exceptional risks when asset prices started to fall. But it has been above all a collapse in trust and confidence, rather than poor lending decisions, which has fuelled the crisis. Despite all the talk of 'toxic' assets, the book argues that most assets are sound and can be repaid. The imperative is to restore confidence through collective action involving asset purchases, guarantees and recapitalization. Failure to do so will mean that taxpayers will be carrying a crippling tax burden for generations to come.
Culture and Human Development
Authors: Whiting John , D'Andrade Roy
Published: January 2011

John Whiting is a leading figure in psychological anthropology and one of the pioneers in the development of systematic cross-cultural research. His work is interdisciplinary, and he draws mainly upon the fields of anthropology, psychoanalysis, and learning and behaviour theory. This book, first published in 1993, includes some of his most influential articles on culture and human development, as well as a comprehensive autobiographical essay. Roy D'Andrade's introduction assesses the unique contributions of John Whiting and locates his work within the contemporary currents of psychological research.
Religion and Public Doctrine in Modern England
Authors: Cowling Maurice
Published: January 2011

The third and concluding volume of Maurice Cowling's magisterial sequence examines three related strands of English thought - latitudinarianism, the Christian thought which has assumed that latitudinarianism gives away too much, and the post-Christian thought which has assumed that Christianity is irrelevant or anachronistic. As in previous volumes, Maurice Cowling conducts his argument through a series of encounters with individual thinkers, including Burke, Disraeli, the Arnolds, Tennyson and Tawney in the first half, and Darwin, Keynes, Orwell, Leavis and Berlin in the second. Central to the whole is Mr Cowling's contention that the modern mind cannot escape from religion. Religion and Public Doctrine in Modern England represents a massive contribution to the intellectual and cultural history of modern England, of interest to historians, literary and cultural critics, theologians, philosophers, economists, as well as to that broader reading public with a serious interest in the making of the English mental landscape.