bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Text mining of scientific literature and the need for open access
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

"Open access" has become a central theme of journal reform in academic publishing. In this article, I examinethe relationship between open access publishing and an important infrastructural element of a modernresearch enterprise, scientific literature text mining , or the use of data analytic techniques to conduct metaanalyses and investigations into the scientific corpus. I give a brief history of the open access movement,discuss novel journalistic practices, and an overview of data-driven investigation of the scientific corpus. Iargue that particularly in an era where the veracity of many research studies has been called into question,scientific literature text mining should be one of the key motivations for open access publishing, not only in thebasic sciences, but in the engineering and applied sciences. as well. The enormous benefits of unrestrictedaccess to the research literature should prompt scholars from all disciplines to lend their vocal support toenabling legal, wholesale access to the scientific literature as part of a data science pipeline.
Artificial and Computational Intelligence & Artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and digital misinformation
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

The future of cybersecurity is in flux. Artificial intelligence challenges existing notionsof security, human rights, and governance. Digital misinformation campaigns leveragefabrications and mistruths for political and geostrategic gain. And the Internet of Things—a digitallandscape in which billions of wireless objects from smart fridges to smart cars are tetheredtogether—provides new means to distribute and conduct cyberattacks. As technologicaldevelopments alter the way we think about cybersecurity, they will likewise broaden the waygovernments and societies will have to learn to respond. The series “Studies in ComputationalIntelligence “(SCI) publishes new developments and advances in the various areas ofcomputational intelligence—quickly and with a high quality. The intent is to cover the theory,applications, and design methods of computational intelligence, as embedded in the fields ofengineering, computer science, physics and life sciences, as well as the methodologies behindthem.
Adaptive Educational Hypermedia System Architecture Trends: The MATHEMA Case
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

: The aim of this article is to present the general architecture trends of Web-based Adaptive Educational HypermediaSystems (AEHSs) and to give a complete description of architecture of the AEHS MATHEMA. In the beginning, a related work onthe architecture trends of Web-based AEHSs is presented. Then, a description of the aspects of the MATHEMA is done regardingboth its pedagogical and technological part. Next, one-on-one unit is presented separately and their functions are generally describedwith respect to the adaptive Web technologies used. Research has shown that students of high schools increase their performance bystudying through the AEHS MATHEMA. Also, the formative evaluation of AEHS MATHEMA by students of the Department ofInformatics and Telecommunications of the University of Athens, Greece, has shown, with the exception of other things, that all itsfunctions are useful and easy to use.
Supplement to the Historiography vol. 1
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: March 2023

Supplement to the Historiography of computer science and technology
Darwin’s Agential Materials: evolutionary implications of multi-scale competency in developmental biology
Authors: Levin Michael
Published: March 2023

A critical aspect of evolution is the layer of developmental physiology that operates between the genotype and the anatomical phenotype. While much work has addressed the evolution of developmental mechanisms and the evolvability of specific genetic architectures with emergent complexity, one aspect has not been sufficiently explored: the implications of morphogenetic problem-solving competencies for the evolutionary process itself. The cells that evolution works with are not passive components: rather, they have numerous capabilities for behavior because they derive from ancestral unicellular organisms with rich repertoires. In multicellular organisms, these capabilities must be tamed, and can be exploited, by the evolutionary process. Specifically, biological structures have a multi-scale competency architecture where cells, tissues, and organs exhibit regulative plasticity - the ability to adjust to perturbations such as external injury or internal modifications and still accomplish specific adaptive tasks across metabolic, transcriptional, physiological, and anatomical problem spaces. Here, I review examples illustrating how physiological circuits guiding cellular collective behavior impart computational properties to the agential material that serves as substrate for the evolutionary process. I then explore the ways in which the collective intelligence of cells during morphogenesis affect evolution, providing a new perspective on the evolutionary search process. This key feature of the physiological software of life helps explain the remarkable speed and robustness of biological evolution, and sheds new light on the relationship between genomes and functional anatomical phenotypes.
Zat Gizi MIKRO
Authors: Salwa Salwa
Published: March 2023

Gizi adalah suatu proses atauganisme menggunaksebuah makanan yang dikonsumsi secarAnormal melalui prose pencernaan, abmenyerap, mengangkutasi, penyimpanan, Sayatabolisme, danpengeluarsebuah zatzpada yang tidak digunaksebuah untuk mempertaahankan kehidupan,pertumbuhan dan fungsi normal dari organ-organ serta hasilkan energi.Zat gizi (Gizi) adalah bahan-bahan kimia yang diperluksebuah tubuh untuk hidup,tumbuh, bergerak dan menjaga kesehatannya, dan sumber bahan-bahan kimia Sayatu berasaldari makanan. Zat gizi merupakan tidak yakin yang terkandung dalam makanan yangmemberiksebuah manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Masing-masing bahan makanan yangdikonsumsi memiliki kandungsebuah gizi yang berbeda. Zat gizi terkandungdalam makanantersebutberbeda-bedaantarAmakanan yangsatu dengan yanglainnyA.PerbedaaN tersebutdapat berupa jenis zat gizi yang terkandung dalam makanan, maupun Jumlah dari masing-masing-masing zatgizi.Jumlah zaT gizi yang dikakhirsaat Sayani sebanyak45 jenis, dan di kgabungkanmenjadi zat gizi makro dan mikroHai
Driving and Inhibiting Factors in the Assessment Process
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

The assessment process is the initial stage of the nursing process which is carried outsystematically by collecting comprehensive individual data related to biological,psychological, social, and spiritual aspects. In conducting the first nursing care, which isassessment sometimes has various factors that can encourage or hinder the nursing process.But nurses must continue to work optimally and optimally in making good nursing care.Conducting studies properly and correctly can show and get the patient's health statusproperly and accurately.
Regarding the relationship between excessive moisture in the upper airways and "Hygroscopic-rainy" and "cold-dry" Seasonal influenza patterns
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

We have originally shown for the first time the two different climatic patterns of12 Seasonality of influenza and common colds have only one common "link". It is the13 Effect of supersaturation and condensational growth in the upper airways which occurs14 under specific environmental conditions when flu seasons take place in the15 tropical/subtropical and temperate regions.16 We have found that under climatic conditions which are peculiar to the seasonal17 patterns of influenza and common colds (“humid-rainy” and “cold-dry”) the effect of18 Supersaturation and condensational growth may be additional factor/reason leading to the19 next:20 - Dramatic rise of deposition rate of infectious agents from inhaled air in the upper21 airways;22 - Additional acidification of epithelial lining fluid in the local areas of the23 respiratory tract, and, as a result, may lead to destructive impacts on host cells and24 weakening of the defense mechanisms of the airways;25 - Additional affecting on the critical local cooling and reducing (as a consequence)26 the antiviral immune response of the airway epithelial cells.27 Thus, the effect of supersaturation and condensational growth in the upper airways28 can act as a common trigger for influenza, common colds and other respiratory infections29 in both mid-latitudes and in the tropics/subtropics.
RNA sequence variant study in severe equine asthma
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

Severe equine asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lung in horses33 similar to low-Th2 late-onset asthma in humans. This study aimed to determine the utility of34 RNA-Seq to call gene sequence variants, and to identify sequence variants or potential relevance35 to the pathogenesis of asthma.
A Neural Network Scheme for Validating Monetary Policy Rates in Nigeria
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

This research work is an exploratory study that tried to examine the viability of adopting artificial neural network(ANN), an aspect of machine learning in the analysis of monetary data for the design and validation of monetary policy from bothoptimistic and normative approach. Methodologically, the research is motivated by the work of [33] which used the Greenbook realtime data of the U.S. Federal Reserve's in the analysis of monetary policy reaction functions in forecasting performance using ANN.Following the work on the adoption of this technique, we tried to develop a framework based on machine learning for policy rateforecasting by analysing macroeconomic data with the aim of guiding and aiding monetary authority in making monetary policydecisions. From the results, the ANN perform better in predicting the monetary policy rate compared to the linear models and theunivariate process. It also revealed the non-linearity in the behavior of the monetary policy rate in Nigeria during the study period.While the work does not mean to advocate that machine will replace human-being in policy rate determination in the monetarypolicy-making process; we believe that the development and implementation of this system would support building effectiveprediction system which can be validated. The result from the designed system is expected to enhance credibility, confidence andtransparency of central banks in making an independent decision (s) based on objective forecasts and implied analysis in settingpolicy through a well-structured comparison of results.
Measurement of involvement in human-robot interaction produced by eye contact
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

— The present study aimed at investigating how eyecontact established by a humanoid robot affects engagement inhuman-robot interaction (HRI). To this end, we combinedexplicit subjective evaluations with implicit measures, iereaction times and eye tracking. More specifically, we employeda gaze cueing paradigm in HRI protocol involving the iCubrobot. Critically, before moving its gaze, iCub eitherestablished eye contact or not with the user. We investigatedthe patterns of fixations of participants' gaze on the robot'sface, joint attention and the subjective ratings of engagement asa function of eye contact or no eye contact. We found that eyecontact affected implicit measures of engagement, ie longerfixation times on the robot's face during eye contact, and jointattention elicited only after the robot established eye contact.On the contrary, explicit measures of engagement with therobot did not vary across conditions. Our results highlight thevalue of combining explicit with implicit measures in an HRIprotocol in order to unveil underlying human cognitivemechanisms, which might be at stake during the interactions.These mechanisms could be crucial for establishing an effectiveand engaging HRI, and could potentially provide guidelines tothe robotics community with respect to better robot design.
Steps to take while using significance tests to avoid creativity
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

Statistical significance provides evidence for or against an explanation of a population of10 interest, not a description of data sampled from the population. This simple distinction gets11 ignored in hundreds of thousands of research publications annually, which confusestatistical 12 with biological significance by referring to hypothesis-testing analyzes asdemonstrating13 significant results. Here we identify three key steps to objective reporting of evidence-based14 analyses. Firstly, by interpreting P -values correctly as explanation not description, authors set15 their inferences in the context of the design of the study and its purpose to test for effects of16 biologically relevant size; Nowhere in this process is it informative to use the word17 ' significant ' . Secondly, empirical effect sizes demand interpretation with respect to a size of18 relevance to the test hypothesis. Thirdly, even without an a priori expectation of biological19 relevance, authors can and should interpret significance tests with respect to effectsof reliably 20 detectable size.
Deposits of pages and rare earth metals as a subject of bioindication, elementology and metalmics
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

Deposits of strategic and, in particular, a number of rare earth metals, comparable in the analysis of topographicgeodetic or cartographic "colocalization" with the distribution of biota or a separate group of organisms thataccumulate them, can be considered as objects of bioindication, regardless of whether direct visual or indirectinstrumental (spectral , mass-spectrometric, electrochemical and t.d.) method of detection of metal. Then, fromthe point of view of studying the assimilation of metal by «living matter» and the analysis of biogenic migration ofatoms, some specific forms of the presence of metal in living matter, forms of complex formation during theformation of organometallic and bioinorganic structures of cells should be comparable to separate forms of thepresence of metal in a stationary environment. Since in supramolecular chemistry there is a dependence of theproperties of the product on the conditions of obtaining and reaction pathways, the coordination of metals in theliving substance at non-specific stages will be different depending on the forms of their assimilation. In this case,in addition to additive (ICP-AS and ICP-MS ( Vogiatzis, Zachariadis, 2014; Mounicou et al., 2010 ), x-rayspectroscopic, x-ray absorption ( Ascone, Strange, 2009 ) and t.d.) methods, in order to study These featuresshould be used in chemical structural methods. This question is complicated by the mediation of the primary(sorption and capillary) stages of biogenic migration of soil atoms, which possess a combinatorial combination ofhumic acids and fulvic acids ( Perminova et al., 2005 ), representing stochastic (following – different by products)«intermediates» and «Adducts» specified stages. Thus, the introduction of structural methods, intended for thestudy of soft matter – partially-ordered environments ( Tolan, 1999; Stribeck, 2007; Imae et al., 2011; Amer 2009)in their section, due to the unity of interactions and binding forces ( David et al . al., 2014; Skjeltorp, Belushkin,2004 ), fall into biological / biopolymeric systems, as well as colloidal soils. ( Chukhrov, 1955, 1965 ), т.е. Partiallyinorganic systems, is necessary for non-additive mass analysis of processes that are the basis of bioindicationand, therefore, reliable accounting of physical-chemical and biocolloidal «parameterization» of deposits accordingto bioindicative screening.
Final report on focused ultrasound therapy using magnetic resonance imaging and hypoxia:
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

The initial 8 months of our project were devoted to optimizing a co-registration system forPET/MRI imaging allowing us to identify and target hypoxic regions in solid tumors. The aim of thiswork was to develop and test a preclinical noninvasive ablation system to selectively ablate hypoxictumor in small animal studies. The rationale was and still is to develop a method to destroy regions ofthe tumor that are typically resistant to standard treatments and reduce the time required for typicalwhole tumor ablation. The system is composed of a Micro positron emission tomography (PET), 7Tmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and MRI-compatible focused ultrasound applicator. To identifyhypoxic regions, 18Ffluoromisonidazole (18F-miso) radioactive tracer was administered intravenouslyvia the tail veins of mice.
Spatial Filtering Techniques in Retinal Fundus Images are Evaluated
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

The denoising of the fundus images is an essential pre-processing step in glaucoma diagnosis to ensure sufficient qualityfor the Computer Aided Diagnosing (CAD) system. In this paper, we present an evaluation approach for different denoising filters ofeye fundus images that suffer from two different types of noises (Gaussian noise and Salt & Pepper noise), which had been applied tothe retinal images and then various Spatial filtering techniques like linear (Gaussian, mean), nonlinear filtering (median) and adaptivefiltering have been implemented to three types of images (original images, images with salt and pepper noise and images withGaussian noise) and their performance are compared to each other based on evaluation parameters: Mean Squared Error (MSE), PeakSignal Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity (SSIM). The results showed that the adaptive median filter has the bestperformance in salt & paper noise and the adaptive filter has the best performance for Gaussian noise, but their performance is closeto each other. In conclusion, six spatial filters applied to RIM-ONE fundus image database and found that, the adaptive median filterhas the best performance compared to
Tinjauan Pustaka Zat Gizi Makro
Authors: Winda Nur
Published: March 2023

Zat gizi makro merupakan zat gizi yang diperlukan oleh tubuh dalam jumlah yang besar, karena berfungsi sebagai sumber energi bagi tubuh manusia. Zat gizi makro ini meliputi karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak. Jika terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara aktivitas fisik dan asupan zat gizi makro, maka akan terjadi masalah gizi, khususnya pada remaja. Asupan zat gizi makro (karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak) dan aktivitas fisik memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan status gizi pada remaja.
The Hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy Models' Most General Intelligent Architectures
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

Hybrid systems of the fuzzy logic and neural networks, are widely spread in real world problems with high effectivenessand versatility for different kinds of applications. The state description of unknown plant by using mathematical models, sometimes,is difficult to obtain. The fuzzy logic systems with their ability of tackling imprecise knowledges, and neural networks with theiradvantages of establishing a relationship between the inputs and the outputs of the system, are represented as qualified tools forsystems of unknown plant. Furthermore, the hybrid systems which utilize the features of the fuzzy logic and Neural networks hasbeen employed for better characteristics. Whilst, there are several different architectures of the neuro-fuzzy system proposed inliterature, this article come out to highlight the common known architectures of how these techniques fuse together to build anenhanced system that can complement the lack of each method individually and improve the system performance over all.
The Effects of Drug Abuse on the Young Generation in South Sulawesi from a Social Perspective
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

This type of qualitative research throughphenomenology approach, Adolescence is a time oftransition, where time is crucial in the determination of aperson's life overall. This period is a period prone bynegative influences, such as drugs. Drug relationshipwith teenagers nowadays is very tight. This means thatmany cases involving drug abuse teenagers. The biggestfactor that becomes the cause is psychological instabilityof the teenager in the face of the problems of life infamily, school, and community, in addition to otherfactors such as environmental influences or powerfuldrug syndicates. Drug abuse provides a very broadimpact. Not only for the teenagers themselves, but alsofor people in the surrounding area including the socialimpact to psychological. Various methods of recovery fordrug abusers into alternative areas such as IntegratedCounseling Methods. However, once caught the drugthen it will be hard to break free from it. Therefore, howimportant countermeasures that include preventive(precautionary), cure (eradication), and construction(socialization-promotif). Need the participation andawareness of all parties, parents and family untiladolescence itself.
MODEL PENINGKATAN RESILIENSI ANAK USIA SEKOLAH PASCA LETUSAN GUNUNG KELUD KEDIRI BASED ON CATASTROPHIC NURSING COMPETENCE
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

Children are more vulnerable than adults and receive the most severe impact on theincidence of post-traumatic natural disaster. This is part of the focus of nursing disastercompetency is becoming a trend in nursing in Indonesia because the location of the positionof Indonesia has the opportunity of natural disasters. The purpose of this study was toidentify the development of models of resilience and PTSD ( Post Traumatic StressDisorder ) in children of school age victims of the eruption of Kelud Kediri based ondisaster nursing competency. This research was an explanatory research on SDNAsmorobangun Puncu in Lahar River and Kelud Mountains area. The sample was 41children are taken with a Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique. Datacollection used resiliency questionnaire with CYRM - 28 and PTSD Checklist - CivilianVersion (PCL-C). Data were then analyzed using a structural equation model based onvariance or Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed the characteristics of respondentshad significant influence with resilience (t = 1.97) and the incidence of PTSD school-agechildren (t = 1.976). Resilience is influenced by components of individual factors,relationship with primary care, and spiritual context, education and culture. Resilience has asignificant correlation with the incidence of PTSD in children of school age. Therefore,development of models of school-age children resilience improvement in disaster areas canbe performed by nurses with education and health promotion as part of disaster nursingcompetencies. Nurses can improve health promotion program by implementing the strategyof psychological care as promotional and rehabilitative intervention.
TYPES OF INSIDE NURSING ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING NURSING CARE
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

THE CONCEPT OF NURSING DOCUMENTATION
Convergence of 5G Technologies, Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity of Networked Societies for the Cities of Tomorrow & A Bio-Inspired Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Framework for Cyber Security
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

As many as 100 billion devices will be connected to the Internet by 2025. It has beenprojected that the total volume of data traffic will nearly triple between 2016 and 2021, of whichabout 75% will originate from non-PC devices and about 42% of all connections will be for M2Mcommunication between over 10 billion smart objects. It is anticipated that we will witness an upto 10,000- fold growth in wireless data traffic by the year 2030. Confidentiality, Integrity, andAvailability of Military information is a crucial and critical factor for a country’s national security.The security of military information systems (MIS) and Networks (MNET) is a subject ofcontinuous research and design, due to the fact that they manage, store, manipulate, and distributethe information. This study presents a bio-inspired hybrid artificial intelligence framework forcyber security (bioHAIFCS). This framework combines timely and bio-inspired Machine Learningmethods suitable for the protection of critical network applications, namely military informationsystems, applications and networks.
DIBENARKAN KARENA IMAN
Authors: Harahap Ramli
Published: March 2023

Dalam Minggu ini kita memasuki Minggu Reminiscere. Reminiscere artinya, “Ingatlah segala rahmat-Mu dan kasih setia-Mu ya Tuhan” (Sai ingot ma angka denggan ni basaM) (Mzm. 25:6). Tema kotbah yang akan kita renungkan “Dibenarkan Karena Iman”. Pembenaran oleh iman ini diangkat dari kisah iman Abraham. Kita pasti pernah mendengar bagaimana kisah kehidupan Abraham yang dikenal sebagai Bapa Orang Beriman. Abraham senantiasa hidup di dalam imannya, dia tidak mempertanyakan banyak hal, dia percaya penuh kepada tuntunan TUHAN. Abraham bersikap demikian, karena dia percaya bagaimana TUHAN akan menuntunnya kepada hal yang baik. Ketika TUHAN memerintahkan Abraham pergi, Dia menghantarnya ke tempat yang baik. Ketika TUHAN memerintahkan Abraham untuk mengorbankan anaknya, Dia pun menyediakan domba sebagai pengganti anaknya untuk dikorbankan. Oleh karena iman yang kokoh seperti itu, Abraham pun dibenarkan oleh ALLAH.
Zat gizi makro(karbohidrat,lemak,protein)
Authors: Nabilasalsabilah
Published: March 2023

Gizi makro adalah jenis zat gizi yang tubuh perlukan dalam jumlah yang besar. Biasanya kebutuhan ini bisa dalam satuan gram atau orang atau hari.Kelompok dari zat gizi ini terdiri dari karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein.Selain itu, makronutrien (sebutan lain dari nutrisi makro) sama-sama menyediakan energi bagi manusia agar bisa beraktivitas dan menjalankan fungsi-fungsinya. Artinya, tubuh membutuhkan ketiga nutrisi di atas dalam jumlah yang besar setiap harinya.
An analysis of 541 conventional coronary angiograms revealed that the sinus node artery's atherosclerosis is linked to a higher history of supra-ventricular arrhythmias.
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

: The ischemic damage of the sinus node (SN) is a well known cause ofcardiac arrhythmias and can be a consequence of any flow abnormality in the sinus nodeartery (SNA). Accordingly we aimed this retrospective study to: 1. evaluate the suitability ofthe standard coronary angiography to study the SNA and 2. determine if the percentage ofsubjects with a positive retrospective history of supra-ventricular arrhythmias (SVA) differsin patients with normal and Diseased SNA ascertained at the time of coronaryangiography.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence Applications in Cyber Security and a Systematic Literature Mapping
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

This survey presents a comprehensive review of current literature on ExplainableArtificial Intelligence (XAI) methods for cyber security applications. Due to the rapid developmentof Internet connected systems and Artificial Intelligence in recent years, Artificial Intelligenceincluding Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) has been widely utilized in the fieldsof cyber security including intrusion detection, malware detection, and spam filtering. However,although Artificial Intelligence-based approaches for the detection and defense of cyber-attacksand threats are more advanced and efficient compared to the conventional signature-based andrule-based cyber security strategies, most ML-based techniques and DL-based techniques aredeployed in the ‘‘black-box’’ manner, meaning that security experts and customers are unable toexplain how such procedures reach particular conclusions.
Artificial Intelligence communicates with Cognitive Dynamic System for Cybersecurity & The Interaction Between Artificial Intelligence and Identity & Access Management
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

: Building on historical notes, this paper consists of three basic parts: Part One deals withEnvironment, Artificial Intelligence, and Cognitive Dynamic System; Part Two deals withMathematics and The Brain; and Part Three deals with Switches. To expand the paper in a differentcontext, the emphasis is on Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Dynamic System. With switchesbeing relatively new and highly important, we first discuss Regular Switches followed by theSpecial Switch, we then introduce Task-Switch Control, and then AI and CDS for describing theirIndividual Structures. Finally the paper finishes with Conclusion. -The main purpose of this paperis to explore the significance of identity and access management systems in different businesses.To manage modern multifaceted IT environments, it is essential for users to have access to everyapplication, system software, databases platform and so on with distinct identity and relatedresponsibilities.
Model Bisnis Pada Ekonomi Kreatif
Authors: Palgunadi Girindra Pasha
Published: March 2023

Ekonomi kreatif adalah sebuah konsep dan gagasan di era ekonomi baru yang mengintensifkan informasi dan kreativitas dengan mengandalkan ide dan pengetahuan dari sumber daya manusia sebagai faktor produksi yang utama.Ekonomi kreatif adalah proses ekonomi yang termasuk kegiatan produksi dan distribusi barang atau jasa di dalamnya yang membutuhkan gagasan dan ide kreatif serta kemampuan intelektual dalam membangunnya.
Increasing Inclusiveness with a Short Pro-Diversity Film
Authors: Strick Madelijn , Tummers Lars
Published: March 2023

This experiment had three novel aims: 1). To test the (pre-registered) hypothesis that a 4-minute, locally produced film about inclusiveness reduces intergroup bias and increases cohesion among city residents; 2). To explore whether a local message (i.e., targeted at the respective city) or a universal message (i.e., targeted at people in general) is more effective; 3). To explore whether a dual identity message creates stronger bias reduction. City residents (N = 902) of various ages, educational and professional backgrounds watched the local film, the universal film, or no film. A subsequent survey showed that both films were (equally) effective in reducing in-group favoritism and increasing cohesion, pro-diversity norms, attitudes, and pro-diversity motivation. They were not effective in increasing support for pro-diversity policy or pro-diversity behavior. Perception of a dual identity message predicted stronger bias reduction. We conclude that a short film can cause a small but significant improvement in inclusiveness.
Neural representations of situations and mental states are composed of sums of representations of the actions they afford
Authors: Thornton Mark Allen , Tamir Diana
Published: March 2023

Human behavior depends on both internal and external factors. Internally, people’s mental states motivate and govern their behavior. Externally, one’s situation constrains which actions are appropriate or possible. To predict others’ behavior, one must understand the influences of mental states and situations on actions. We hypothesized that the brain achieves this goal by representing situations and states in terms of associated actions. To test this, we used functional neuroimaging to estimate neural activity patterns associated with situations, mental states, and actions. We computed sums of the action patterns, weighted by how often each action occurs in each situation and state. We found that these summed action patterns reconstructed the corresponding situation and state patterns. These results suggest that the brain represents situations and mental states as sums of their action affordances. Summed action representations thus offer a biological mechanism by which people can predict actions given internal and external factors.
Binocular Rivalry in Socially Anxious Adults
Authors: Kamhout Sarah , Olivier Joshua , Morris Jarom , Brimhall Hayden , Black Braeden , Gabrielsen Terisa , South Mikle , Lundwall Rebecca Allred , Nielsen Jared
Published: March 2023

Social anxiousness is a pervasive symptom in both social anxiety disorder and autism spectrum conditions. Binocular rivalry, which occurs when different images are presented to each eye, has been used to explore how visual and cognitive processing differs across various clinical diagnoses. Previous studies have separately explored whether individuals with autism or anxiety experience binocular rivalry in ways that are different from neurotypical individuals. We applied rivalry paradigms that are similar to those used in previous studies of autism and general anxiety to individuals experiencing symptoms of social anxiousness at clinical or subclinical levels. We also incorporated rivalrous stimuli featuring neutral and emotional facial valances to explore potential overlap of social processing components in social anxiety and autism. We hypothesized that higher levels of social anxiousness would increase binocular rivalry switch rates and that higher levels of autistic traits would decrease switch rates. However, stimulus condition did not affect switch rates in either diagnostic group, and switch rate was not significantly predictive of dimensional measures of either autism or social anxiety. This may suggest a common mechanism for atypical visual cognition styles previously associated with social anxiety and autism. Alternatively, differences in switch rates may only emerge at higher trait levels than reported by the participants in our studies. Furthermore, these findings may be influenced by sex differences in our unique sample.
Identity over nudges? Factors influencing decisions about participation in pro-environmental behaviors
Authors: Jagodics Balázs
Published: March 2023

The challenges of environmental problems make it important for people to engage in new pro-environmental behaviors. Based on the results of behavior sciences a possible way to help this transition is to use nudges, which are methods that steer people’s decisions towards certain options. On the other hand, empirical evidence is often contradicting regarding the effect of nudges. The current study aimed to test different interventions (descriptive norms, social identity cues, provoking reciprocity, commitment priming and choice architecture), comparing the individual and stacked effects of nudges on participation intentions in pro-environmental programs. 1910 participants in nine conditions were presented posters of three different pro-environmental programs. Binominal logistic regression analysis showed that nudges did not have significant effect on decisions. On the other hand, environmental self-identity proved to be a significant predictor of participation intention in all three programs. The possible explanations of the nudges’ observed inefficiency are discussed in the paper along with the prospects of the seemingly important role of identity in pro-environmental behaviors.
Humans vs. AI: Whether and why we prefer human-created compared to AI-created artwork
Authors: Bellaiche Lucas , Shahi Rohin , Turpin Martin Harry , Ragnhildstveit Anya , Sprockett Shawn , Barr Nathaniel , Christensen Alexander P. , Seli Paul
Published: March 2023

With the recent proliferation of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models capable of mimicking human artworks, AI creations might soon replace products of human creativity, although skeptics argue that this outcome is unlikely. One possible reason this may be unlikely is that, independent of the physical properties of art, we place great value on the imbuement of the human experience in art. An interesting question, then, is whether and why people might prefer human- compared to AI-created artworks. To explore these questions, we manipulated the purported creator of pieces of art by randomly assigning a “Human-created” or “AI-created” label to paintings actually created by AI, and then assessed participants’ judgements of the artworks across four rating criteria (Liking, Beauty, Profundity, and Worth). Study 1 found increased positive judgements for human- compared to AI-labeled art across all criteria. Study 2 aimed to replicate and extend Study 1 with additional ratings (Emotion, Story, Meaningful, Effort, and Time to create) intended to elucidate why people more-positively appraise human-labeled artworks. The main findings from Study 1 were replicated, with narrativity (Story) and perceived effort behind artworks (Effort) moderating the label effects (“Human-created” vs. “AI-created”), but only for the sensory-level judgements (Liking, Beauty). Positive personal attitudes towards AI moderated label effects for more-abstract judgements (Profundity, Worth). These studies demonstrate that people tend to be negatively biased against AI-created artworks, which suggests that human engagement in the artistic process contributes positively to our appraisals of art and that, on this basis, AI may not replace human creativity.
Relating Objective Complexity, Subjective Complexity and Beauty in Binary Pixel Patterns
Authors: Nath Surabhi S , Brändle Franziska , Schulz Eric , Dayan Peter , Brielmann Aenne
Published: March 2023

The complexity of images critically influences our assessment of their beauty. However, studies relating assessments of complexity and beauty to potential objective measures are hampered by the use of hand-crafted stimuli which are hard to reproduce and manipulate. To tackle this, we developed a systematic method for generating 2D black-and-white pixel patterns using cellular automata, and collected ratings of complexity and beauty from 80 participants. We developed various computational measures of pattern quantification such as density, entropies, local spatial complexity, Kolmogorov complexity, and asymmetries. We also introduced an “intricacy” measure quantifying the number of components in a pattern using a graph-based approach. We related these objective measures with participant judgements of complexity and beauty to find that a weighted combination of local spatial complexity and intricacy was an effective predictor (R2test = 0.47) of complexity. This implies that people’s complexity ratings depended on the local arrangement of pixels along with the global number of components in the pattern. Furthermore, we found a positive linear influence of complexity ratings on beauty, with a negative linear influence of disorder (asymmetry and entropy), and a negative interaction between the two quantities (R2test = 0.65). This implies that there is beauty in complexity as long as there is sufficient order. Lastly, a moderated mediation analysis showed that subjective complexity mediates the influence of objective complexity on beauty, implying that subjective complexity provides useful information over and above objective complexity. Our data and scripts are available on Github.
Promoting youth mental health through stakeholder-generated innovation
Authors: Park Alayna L , Kim Jenna , Lin Jessica , Sanchez Alejandra Torres , Lee Peying , Gloner Mary Cheryl B.
Published: March 2023

Background: Researchers, practitioners, and policymakers have increasingly called for actions that promote youth mental health. This community-engaged, mixed-methods study aimed to understand stakeholders’ perceptions of strategies for promoting youth mental health using an innovation tournament. Methods: Stakeholders – including youths (aged 13 years and older), parents, and mental healthcare professionals – were first invited to nominate ideas for promoting youth mental health. Stakeholders were then invited to rate the importance and feasibility of these ideas. Results: Fifteen stakeholders nominated 46 ideas related to educating (46%), managing quality (26%), planning (17%), restructuring (15%), attending to the policy context (11%), and financing (9%). Stakeholders rated all ideas as very to extremely important and moderately to extremely feasible. Youths, parents, and mental healthcare professionals all rated ideas related to financing as the most important, albeit relatively less feasible. Mental healthcare professionals generally rated ideas as less feasible than parents and other community stakeholders. Conclusions: Findings highlight the perceived importance of financing strategies in addressing the ongoing youth mental health crisis and suggest alignment of mental health priorities across stakeholders.
Evaluating the role of visual attention bias in emotion dysregulation of young children
Authors: Brice Febe , Lam-Cassetarri Christa , Gerstl Brigitte , Eapen Valsamma , Lin Ping-I
Published: March 2023

Background: This study aims to determine whether visual attention bias is associated with the level of emotion dysregulation (ED) in children and which individual attributes may modify their relationship. Methods: A community-based sample of 50 children aged 3-8 years old was recruited. The level of ED in children was measured using the parental report measures: Child Behaviour Checklist and Temper Tantrum Scale. Visual attention bias measured as eye gaze fixation time in response to images showing various emotional expressions was measured using an eye-tracking task. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate whether visual attention bias was associated with ED when social function (measured with the Social Responsiveness Scale, gender, age, and attention problem (measured from the CBCL subscale), were adjusted. The modifying effect on visual attention bias was evaluated using the interaction analysis in the generalized linear model.Results: The level of visual attention bias, indicated by the proportion of eye gaze fixation time on areas of interest (AOIs) in images displaying unpleasant emotions (such as anger), was inversely associated with the level of externalising problem behaviours (p = .014). Additionally, the association of eye gaze fixation time for AOI displaying negative emotional cues with the level of externalising problem behaviours varied by age (p = .04), with younger children (aged <70 months) demonstrating a stronger association than older children (aged ≥ 70 months). Conclusions: There is a significant inverse correlation between visual attention bias towards unpleasant emotional cues and ED in younger children. However, this relationship is attenuated as children age. While further research is needed, these results have implications for the development of objective biomarkers incorporating eye-tracking tasks for prediction and targeted support for ED-related mental health issues in the early years.
Planning Falsifiable Confirmatory Research
Authors: Kennedy James E.
Published: March 2023

Falsifiable research is a basic goal of science and is needed for science to be self-correcting. However, the methods for conducting falsifiable research are not widely known among psychological researchers. Describing the effect sizes that can be confidently investigated in confirmatory research is as important as describing the subject population. Power curves or operating characteristics provide this information and are needed for both frequentist and Bayesian analyses. These evaluations of inferential error rates indicate the performance (validity and reliability) of the planned statistical analysis. For meaningful, falsifiable research, the study plan should specify a minimum effect size that is the goal of the study. If any tiny effect, no matter how small, is considered meaningful evidence, the research is not falsifiable and often has negligible predictive value. Power ≥.95 for the minimum effect is optimal for confirmatory research and .90 is good. From a frequentist perspective, the statistical model for the alternative hypothesis in the power analysis can be used to obtain a p value that can reject the alternative hypothesis, analogous to rejecting the null hypothesis. However, confidence intervals generally provide more intuitive and more informative inferences than p values. The preregistration for falsifiable confirmatory research should include (a) criteria for evidence the alternative hypothesis is true, (b) criteria for evidence the alternative hypothesis is false, and (c) criteria for outcomes that will be inconclusive. Not all confirmatory studies are or need to be falsifiable.
Ost-West-Unterschiede in den Köpfen: Alterität, Konflikt, Anerkennung und Förderung
Authors: Heide Julian , Lux Thomas , Mau Steffen
Published: March 2023

Wir bestimmen, auf der Basis eigener Umfragedaten aus dem Jahr 2022, inwieweit die Ost-West-Differenzierung in den Köpfen der Deutschen noch immer eine Bedeutung hat. Hierfür nehmen wir vier Dimensionen in den Blick, namentlich die Wahrnehmung von Alterität, die wahrgenommene Konfliktintensität zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschen, den Wunsch nach Anerkennung und die Frage der besonderen Förderung durch Quotierung. Unsere Daten zeigen, dass die Differenzen zwischen Ost und West für Ostdeutsche wesentlich sichtbarer und relevanter sind. Hierbei sind es vor allem die Ostdeutschen mit einfacher Bildung, die solche Sichtweisen besonders häufig vertreten.
When police pull back: Neighborhood-level effects of de-policing on violent and property crime
Authors: Nix Justin , Huff Jessica , Wolfe Scott , Pyrooz David , Mourtgos Scott
Published: March 2023

Many U.S. cities witnessed both de-policing and increased crime in 2020, yet it remains unclear whether the former contributed to the latter. Indeed, much of what is known about the effects of proactive policing on crime comes from studies that evaluate highly focused interventions atypical of day-to-day policing, use cities as the unit of analysis, or cannot rule out endogeneity. This study addresses each of these issues, thereby advancing the evidence base concerning the effects of policing on crime. Leveraging two exogenous shocks presented by the onset of COVID-19 and social unrest following the murder of George Floyd, we evaluated the effects of sudden and sustained reductions in high-discretion policing on crime at the neighborhood level in Denver. Multilevel models accounting for trends in prior police activity, neighborhood structure, seasonality, and population mobility revealed mixed results. On one hand, large-scale reductions in stops and drug-related arrests were associated with significant increases in violent and property crimes, respectively. On the other hand, fewer disorder arrests did not affect crime. These results were not universal across neighborhoods. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of debates concerning the appropriate role of policing in the 21st century.
Transformation of social relationships in COVID-19 America: Remote communication may amplify political echo chambers
Authors: Lee Byungkyu , Lee Kangsan , Hartmann Benjamin S
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic, with millions of Americans compelled to stay home and work remotely, presented an opportunity to explore the dynamics of social relationships in a predominantly remote world. Using the 1972-2022 General Social Surveys, we found that the pandemic significantly disrupted the patterns of social gatherings with family, friends, and neighbors, but only momentarily. Drawing from the nationwide ego-network surveys of 41,033 Americans from 2020 to 2022, we found that the size and composition of core networks remained stable, though political homophily increased among non-kin relationships compared to previous surveys between 1985 and 2016. Critically, heightened remote communication during the initial phase of the pandemic was associated with increased interaction with the same partisans, though political homophily decreased during the later phase of the pandemic when in-person contacts increased. These results underscore the crucial role of social institutions and social gatherings in promoting spontaneous encounters with diverse political backgrounds.