bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly photosensitive furan acrylate derivatives and their solid-state photopolymerization
Authors: Wang Jin , Wang Yuanlu , Liu Bingchen , Fu Tao
Published: August 2022

Highly photosensitive multifunctional furan acrylate monomers synthesized from biomass furfural can be photopolymerized into polyesters without photoinitiators and solvents.
Phase transition from a nonmagnetic to a ferromagnetic state in a twisted bilayer graphene nanoflake: the role of electronic pressure on the magic-twist
Authors: Pant Dharmendra , Pati Ranjit
Published: August 2022

Tuning the magic angle in a twisted bilayer graphene nanoflake using electronic pressure.
W4PCl11monolayer: an unexplored 2D material with moderate direct bandgap and strong visible-light absorption for highly efficient solar cells
Authors: Qiao Yusen , Shen Huimin , Zhang Fumin , Liu Siyuan , Yin Huabing
Published: August 2022

We predicted an unexplored 2D W4PCl11monolayer with a moderate direct bandgap and strong visible-light absorption for highly efficient solar cells. The estimated PCE of the fabricated W4PCl11/Bi2WO6heterojunction reaches as high as 21.64%.
Basically, nucleophilicity matters little: towards unravelling the supramolecular driving forces in enzyme-like CO2 conversion
Authors: Esteve Ferran , Altava Belén , Luis Santiago V. , García-Verdugo Eduardo
Published: August 2022

The mechanism for the cycloaddition of CO2 to styrene oxide in the presence of an enzyme-like catalytic system has been elucidated, stressing the crucial role of cooperative supramolecular interactions between the whole catalytic pool.
Chiral copper(i)–organic frameworks for dye degradation and the enantioselective recognition of amino acids
Authors: Zhao Jianping , Luo Jie , Lin Zhihong , Chen Xu , Ning Guo-Hong , Liu Junzhi , Li Dan
Published: August 2022

Four novel chiral CMOFs with a 2D layered hexagonal network have been prepared and used for dye adsorption and degradation. Furthermore, one exhibits different adsorption rates and efficiencies for chiral amino acids.
Achievement of high efficiency and thermally stable near-infrared phosphors by designing a chromium crystallographic environment for nondestructive testing and night vision
Authors: Wei Guohui , Li Panlai , Li Rui , Wang Ye , Suo Hao , Yang Yuanbo , He Shaoxuan , Li Jiehong , Shi Yawei , Wang Zhijun
Published: August 2022

XTaO4:Cr3+ presents a high internal/external quantum efficiency and good thermal stability.
Greatly enhanced hole collection of MoOx with top sub-10 nm thick silver films for gridless and flexible crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Lei Qiyun , Xu Xinan , Lu Na , Yang Liu , He Sailing
Published: August 2022

Greatly enhanced hole collection of MoOx is demonstrated experimentally with a top sub-10 nm thick Ag film. With this hole-selective contact, a 50 μm thick gridless c-Si solar cell, showing excellent flexibility, is 75% thinner but 86% efficient.
Selective reaction monitoring approach using structure-defined synthetic glycopeptides for validating glycopeptide biomarkers pre-determined by bottom-up glycoproteomics
Authors: Shiratori Kouta , Yokoi Yasuhiro , Wakui Hajime , Hirane Nozomi , Otaki Michiru , Hinou Hiroshi , Yoneyama Tohru , Hatakeyama Shingo , Kimura Satoshi , Ohyama Chikara , Nishimura Shin-Ichiro
Published: August 2022

Structure-defined synthetic glycopeptides allow the validation of glycopeptide biomarkers pre-determined from bottom-up glycoproteomics based on the selective reaction monitoring approach.
MIL-53 and its OH-bonded variants for bio-polyol adsorption from aqueous solution
Authors: Cao Na , Liu Jiayi , Wang Yuecheng , Zhou Yingwu , Zhao Meng , Ban Yujie , Yang Weishen
Published: August 2022

Delicate host–guest interaction drives OH-bonded MOF to capture bio-polyols from diluted aqueous solution, with high capacity, fast kinetics and recyclability.
A stretchable and healable elastomer with shape memory capability based on multiple hydrogen bonds
Authors: Ma Jiacheng , Wen Shifeng , Yue Zhufeng
Published: August 2022

Although a wide range of self-healing materials have been reported by researchers, it is still a challenge to endow exceptional mechanical properties and shape memory characteristics simultaneously in a single material.
Eight new phenolic acids from the leaves of Illicium dunnianum and their osteoprotective activities
Authors: Li Hai-bo , Ma Sen-ju , Shan Ying-xin , Li Ting , Wang Zhen-zhong , Xiao Wei , Qiu Zuo-cheng , Yu Yang
Published: August 2022

Three new phenylpropenoid glycosides (1–3), and five undescribed shikimic acid derivatives (4–8), together with six known analogues (9–14), were obtained from the dried leaves of Illicium dunnianum.
Regulated synthesis of Zr-metal–organic frameworks with variable hole size and its influence on the performance of novel MOF-based heterogeneous amino acid–thiourea catalysts
Authors: Zhu Junfeng , Meng Xiaorong , Liu Wen , Qi Yabing , Jin Siyi , Huo Shanshan
Published: August 2022

A MOF-NH2 material was modified with amino amide derivatives to construct heterogeneous phase MOF catalysts. The catalystsdisplayed efficient catalytic activity in asymmetric aldol reactions.
Cationic palladium(ii)-catalyzed synthesis of substituted pyridines from α,β-unsaturated oxime ethers
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Hashimoto Yoshimitsu , Tanaka Kosaku , Morita Nobuyoshi , Tamura Osamu
Published: August 2022

An efficient method for the synthesis of multi-substituted pyridines from α,β-unsaturated oxime ethers via cationic Pd(ii)-catalyzed C–H activation has been developed.
Oxygen vacancies in Co3O4nanoarrays promote nitrate electroreduction for ammonia synthesis
Authors: Xu Xiang , Hu Long , Li Zerong , Xie Lisi , Sun Shengjun , Zhang Longcheng , Li Jun , Luo Yongsong , Yan Xuedong , Hamdy Mohamed S. , Kong Qingquan , Sun Xuping , Liu Qian
Published: August 2022

Oxygen vacancy-enriched Co3O4nanosheet arrays enable ambient electrosynthesis of NH3vianitrate reduction, achieving a faradaic efficiency of 96.9% and a NH3yield of 12 157 μg h−1cm−2in 0.1 M NaOH with 0.1 M NO3−.
Visible-light excitable, highly transparent and luminescent films with an ultrahigh loading of a europium(III) complex
Authors: Wang Yuan , Xie Guangmin , Chen Jinglei , Zhang Xiurong , Chen Cong , Yin Jian , Li Huanrong
Published: August 2022

Visible-light excitable luminescent films with a complex loading content of 80 wt% showing exceptionally high PLQY and transmission.
Perception of Swallowing-Related Fatigue Among Older Adults
Authors: Brates Danielle , Harel Daphna , Molfenter Sonja M.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Although fatigue is recognized as clinically relevant to swallowing performance, its prevalence and significance in dysphagic and nondysphagic adults have not been sufficiently examined. In this study, an online survey was used to examine swallowing- and eating-related fatigue (SERF) symptoms, the relationship between perceived SERF and other dysphagia-related health outcomes, and whether perceived SERF predicts risk for dysphagia or malnutrition.

Method:

An online survey of older adults (aged 60 years or older) was conducted. A novel 12-item scale was developed to capture perceived SERF. Previously validated scales were used to measure dysphagia risk, sarcopenia, general fatigue, malnutrition risk, and quality of life. Logistic regression was used to examine whether SERF predicted risk for dysphagia and/or malnutrition.

Results:

Complete responses were collected from 417 community-dwelling adults (
M
age
= 70.6 years,
SD
= 4.9; 263 women); 75% (
n
= 312) reported at least some degree of SERF. SERF was significantly correlated with dysphagia risk, sarcopenia, general fatigue, malnutrition risk, and quality of life. SERF was a significant predictor of dysphagia risk while controlling for age, gender, and other health outcomes (odds ratio [
OR
] = 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI; 1.16, 1.27],
p
< .001). For every unit increase in SERF score, the odds of being at risk for dysphagia were associated with an increase of 22%. Significant predictors for malnutrition risk included SERF (
OR
= 0.94, 95% CI [0.91, 0.98]), general fatigue (
OR
= 0.95, 95% CI [0.92, 0.99]), and quality of life (
OR
= 1.04, 95% CI [1.0, 1.1]).

Conclusions:

Fatigue during swallowing and mealtimes is experienced by community-dwelling older adults and predicted dysphagia risk and malnutrition risk. Further research is needed to refine and validate a patient-reported outcome measure for SERF and examine the effects of fatigue on swallowing function and physiology under imaging.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20405835
Biological synthesis of Fe3O4@Ag using Scenedesmus obliquus and evaluation of its effect on the expression of MexA‐B efflux pump genes in ciprofloxacin‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains
Authors: Hadad Sara , Alkinani Tabarek Abdulrazaq , Mahmoudi Aida , Dehghan Somayeh , Moaf Nastaran Maleki , Naeemi Akram Sadat , Salehzadeh Ali
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted to biosynthesize Fe3O4@Ag nanocomposite with Scenedesmus obliquus extract, and to evaluate its antibacterial potential against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, the effect of the synthesized nanocomposite on the expression of MexA‐B efflux pump genes was investigated. The Fe3O4@Ag nanocomposite was characterized using X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) as well as Zeta potential analyses. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the nanocomposite alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin against P. aeruginosa strains was determined. Finally, the expression of MexA‐B efflux pump genes among the bacteria treated with the nanocomposite was evaluated using quantitative real‐time PCR. Based on the results, the proper synthesis of the nanocomposite with the diameter of 40 to 70 nm and acceptable stability was confirmed. The synthesized nanocomposite had lower MIC value (8–64 μg/mL) than ciprofloxacin (64–512 μg/mL) which shows stronger antibacterial potential of the nanocomposite. In addition, treating bacteria with the nanocomposite and ciprofloxacin caused a significant reduction of MexA‐B genes compared to the cells treated with ciprofloxacin or nanocomposite alone. Thus, Fe3O4@Ag nanocomposite can improve the efficacy of ciprofloxacin against P. aeruginosa by reducing the expression of MexA‐B efflux pump genes.
A particle swarm optimization‐based support vector machine model to detect charging pile arc faults by using the pre‐treatment generalized S transform
Authors: Deng Hanjun , Zeng Wenwei , Huang Rui , Wu Zhiyong , He Xing , Liu Xuan , Xiao Jianhong , Chen Hao , Liu Mouhai
Published: August 2022

An arc fault is the most common cause of charging pile fire. The series arc fault current is usually lower than the short‐circuit fault current and is challenging to detect, resulting in the inaction of the circuit breaker. Therefore, a method for detecting series arc faults of charging piles based on generalized Stockwell transform (GST) is proposed in this paper. First, an real time digital simulation system (RTDS)‐based charging pile arc experimental platform is constructed, and the point contact and the carbonization path arc fault current are measured. Then, the fault information is extracted using GST, and the 250‐Hz component is selected as the arc fault identification feature. On this basis, an improved sampling point selection method is proposed. Finally, multiple feature quantities are constructed as feature vectors, and the trained particle swarm optimization _support vector machine (PSO_SVM) is used for arc fault detection. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate reaches 98.75%; thus, the scheme proposed by this paper could detect the series arc fault current accurately and avoid the incorrect action of the circuit breaker.
High-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy of globular cluster and field stars toward the Galactic bulge
Authors: Lim Dongwook , Koch-Hansen Andreas J. , Chun Sang-Hyun , Hong Seungsoo , Lee Young-Wook
Published: August 2022

Globular clusters (GCs) play an important role in the formation and evolution of the Milky Way. New candidates are continuously found, particularly in the high-extinction low-latitude regions of the bulge, although their existence and properties have yet to be verified. In order to investigate the new GC candidates, we performed high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy of stars toward the Galactic bulge using the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrometer (IGRINS) instrument at the Gemini-South telescope. We selected 15 and 10 target stars near Camargo 1103 and Camargo 1106, respectively, which have recently been reported as metal-poor GC candidates in the bulge. In contrast to the classical approaches used in optical spectroscopy, we determined stellar parameters from a combination of line-depth ratios and the equivalent width of a CO line. The stellar parameters of the stars follow the common trends of nearby APOGEE sample stars in a similar magnitude range. We also determined the abundances of Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Ni, and Ce through spectrum synthesis. There is no clear evidence of a grouping in radial velocity – metallicity space that would indicate the characterization of either object as metal-poor GCs. This result emphasizes the necessity of follow-up spectroscopy for new GC candidates toward the bulge, although we cannot completely rule out a low probability that we only observed nonmember stars. We also note discrepancies between the abundances of Al, Ca, and Ti when derived from theH- versus theK-band spectra. Although the cause of this discrepancy is not clear, the effects of atmosphere parameters or nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium are discussed. Our approach and results demonstrate that IGRINS spectroscopy is a useful tool for studying the chemical properties of stars toward the Galactic bulge with a statistical uncertainty in [Fe/H] of ∼0.03 dex, while the systematic error through uncertainties of atmospheric parameter determination, at ∼0.14 dex, is slightly larger than in measurements from optical spectroscopy.
Electrical properties of Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 ceramics with TiO2 addition
Authors: Wang Xianwei , Chen Shuying , Liang Yifan , Zhang Bihui , Shi Xinnan , Zhang Ruoyu , Shi Yujia , Ren Ziyi , Liu Rui , Hu Yanchun , Shang Jun , Yin Shaoqian
Published: August 2022

The crystal structure, microstructure, dielectric properties and energy storage properties of Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT) ceramics with various TiO2 (0%, 1%, 8%, 40%, 50%, 60%) addition ceramics were discussed. Although the perovskite structure remained in samples with low content of TiO2, the secondary phase Ba2Ti5.5O13 appeared in samples with high TiO2 content. According to SEM results, the addition of TiO2 resulted in a significant decrease in the average grain size. With the addition of TiO2, the phase transition temperature, corresponding to Curie temperature (Tc) of BCZT ceramics shifts to lower temperature. Compared with the pure BCZT ceramic, the higher impedance and slimmer hysteresis loops were realized in ceramics with high TiO2 content. The relatively large energy storage density (Wrec ∼ 0.52 J/cm3) together with energy storage efficiency (η ∼ 74.84%) were achieved in ceramic with 40% TiO2 content. When the concentration of TiO2 further increases, the energy storage efficiency increased, but the energy storage density declined. The present research provides a method to improve the energy storage performance of BCZT ceramics.
Digitale Anwendungen in verschiedenen Versorgungsstrukturen der Dialyse
Authors: Barth Claudia
Published: August 2022

Digitale Applikationen (Apps) sind zur medizinischen Überwachung während und außerhalb der Dialysezeit möglich. Telenephrologie und Patientenportale werden von Patienten und Ärzten gut akzeptiert. Sie ersetzen zwar nicht den Arztbesuch, können aber die Kommunikation intensivieren. Die Apps fördern das Selbst-Monitoring, indem sie Wissen zur Nierenerkrankung vermitteln und gleichzeitig die Behandlungswerte darstellen. Der Einsatz von Apps in der Heimdialyse unterstützt den Patienten beim Training und gibt ihm ein Sicherheitsgefühl, da Problemlösungen direkt visualisiert werden können. Die schnelle Generation von Daten-Pools (Patientenregister, Patientendaten-Management-Systeme zur Dialysebehandlung, klinische Studien, Labordaten, tragbare Smart Devices) eröffnet die Entwicklung von Prädiktionsmodellen und Systemen zur klinischen Entscheidungsunterstützung mithilfe von Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz wie Machine Learning. Tragbare Smart Devices ermöglichen das 24-h-Monitoring. Ein Real-Time-Monitoring an der Dialyse und die direkte Intervention bieten perspektivisch eine individualisierte Therapie.
Exploring Potential Schedule-Related and Gender Biases in Ophthalmology Residency Interview Scores
Authors: Chang Chih-Chiun J. , Moussa Omar , Chen Royce W. S. , Glass Lora R. Dagi , Cioffi George A. , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Winn Bryan J.
Published: August 2022

Purpose Prior studies have revealed grading discrepancies in evaluation of personal statements and letters of recommendation based on candidate's race and gender. Fatigue and the end-of-day phenomenon can negatively impact task performance but have not been studied in the residency selection process. Our primary objective is to determine whether factors related to interview time and day as well as candidate's and interviewer's gender have a significant effect on residency interview scores.

Methods Seven years of ophthalmology residency candidate evaluation scores from 2013 to 2019 were collected at a single academic institution, standardized by interviewer into relative percentiles (0–100 point grading scale), and grouped into the following categories for comparisons: different interview days (Day 1 vs. Day 2), morning versus afternoon (AM vs. PM), interview session (Day 1 AM/PM vs. Day 2 AM/PM), before and after breaks (morning break, lunch break, and afternoon break), residency candidate's gender, and interviewer's gender.

Results Candidates in the morning sessions were found to have higher scores than afternoon sessions (52.75 vs. 49.28, p < 0.001). Interview scores in the early morning, late morning, and early afternoon were higher than late afternoon scores (54.47, 53.01, 52.15 vs. 46.74, p < 0.001). Across all interview years, there were no differences in scores received before and after morning breaks (51.71 vs. 52.83, p = 0.49), lunch breaks (53.01 vs. 52.15, p = 0.58), and afternoon breaks (50.35 vs. 48.30, p = 0.21). No differences were found in scores received by female versus male candidates (51.55 vs. 50.49, p = 0.21) or scores given by female versus male interviewers (51.31 vs. 50.84, p = 0.58).

Conclusion Afternoon residency candidate interview scores, especially late afternoon, were significantly lower than morning scores, suggesting the need to further study the effects of interviewer's fatigue in the residency interview process. The interview day, presence of break times, candidate's gender, and interviewer's gender had no significant effects on interview score.
Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Aspirin Use and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer and an Indwelling Central Venous Catheter
Authors: King Richard , Schaefer Jordan , Sahai Vaibhav , Griffith Kent A. , Sood Suman L.
Published: August 2022

Background Patients with pancreatic cancer are at high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is unknown if aspirin reduces the risk of VTE in this setting.

Objectives We sought to determine whether there is an association between aspirin use and VTE risk in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving chemotherapy with a central venous catheter (CVC).

Patients/Methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and treated with chemotherapy using a CVC. Subjects were excluded if they were on anticoagulation at the time of CVC placement. The probability of VTE was analyzed using a time-to-event analysis framework for the development of VTE using the product-limit method of Kaplan and Meier (univariate) and adjusting for important confounding covariates using Cox proportional hazards regression (cause-specific hazard) and again using Fine and Gray regression (subdistributional hazard) with death prior to VTE considered a competing event.

Results The final analysis included 314 cases (125 with any aspirin use and 189 without). Patients with any aspirin use had fewer VTE events (34.4%) compared with those without aspirin use (42.3%; p = 0.021) by log-rank test and after adjustment for multiple covariates using a Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.92; p = 0.019). Using Fine and Gray regression to account for death as a competing event, the effect of aspirin remained in the direction of benefit, but was not statistically significant (HR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.47–1.05, p = 0.083). Higher body mass index, active smoking, and metastatic stage of cancer were associated with VTE events in the Cox proportional hazards model. Rates of major bleeding or clinically relevant minor bleeding were similar between treatment groups.

Conclusions Aspirin may reduce the risk of VTE in patients with pancreatic cancer with a CVC. We did not observe a significant increase in the rates of major bleeding or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding.
The effect of copper grain size on laser ultrasonic backscattered signal
Authors: Zhang Fengyi , Zhang Yanjie , Wang Tao , Zhang Wei , Gong Pengfei , Yin Anmin
Published: August 2022

Grain size has an essential influence on the serviceability of metallic materials. In this paper, a noncontact laser ultrasonic testing platform is built to study the effect of copper grain size on the laser ultrasonic backscattered signal. According to the correlation between grain size and ultrasonic wavelength, the ultrasonic scattering by copper grains in the experiment contains not only Rayleigh scattering but also the transition region from Rayleigh scattering to stochastic scattering. Using time–frequency analysis, the influence of copper grain size on the characteristic parameters of backscattering was explored, and a prediction model of grain size was established, which was compared with the prediction model based on the attenuation method to verify the accuracy of the backscattering model. The results show that the backscattered signal can adequately characterize the grain size information and laser ultrasonics is a method that can realize on-line detection of grain size.
Fluid and hybrid simulations of the ionization instabilities in Hall thruster
Authors: Chapurin O. , Smolyakov A. I. , Hagelaar G. , Boeuf J.-P. , Raitses Y.
Published: August 2022

Low-frequency axial oscillations in the range of 5–50 kHz stand out as a pervasive feature observed in many types of Hall thrusters. While it is widely recognized that the ionization effects play the central role in this mode, as manifested via the large-scale oscillations of neutral and plasma density, the exact mechanism(s) of the instabilities remain unclear. To gain further insight into the physics of the breathing mode and evaluate the role of kinetic effects, a one-dimensional time-dependent full nonlinear low-frequency model describing neutral atoms, ions, and electrons is developed in full fluid formulation and compared to the hybrid model in which the ions and neutrals are kinetic. Both models are quasi-neutral and share the same electron fluid equations that include the electron diffusion, mobility across the magnetic field, and the electron energy evolution. The ionization models are also similar in both approaches. The predictions of fluid and hybrid simulations are compared for different test cases. Two main regimes are identified in both models: one with pure low-frequency behavior and the other one, where the low-frequency oscillations coexist with high-frequency oscillations in the range of 100–200 kHz, with the characteristic time scale of the ion channel fly-by time, 100–200 kHz. The other test case demonstrates the effect of a finite temperature of injected neutral atoms, which has a substantial suppression effect on the oscillation amplitude.
Numerical simulation of an external cusp magnetic field on the welding arc
Authors: Liu Dan , Zhao Honglei , Shi Lei , Chang Yunlong
Published: August 2022

A controlled welding arc is an up-and-coming research area for high-efficiency and high-precision wire arc additive manufacturing. This numerical simulation demonstrates that an alternating external cusp magnetic field (ECMF) can compress the arc. This is the result of the reversal of the Lorentz force direction caused by the reversal of the magnetic poles. The simulation results show that the solenoid current directly affects the arc section ellipticity, and the alternating frequency affects the arc contraction. The high-speed photos demonstrate the feasibility of ECMF.
High-quality resonances in quasi-periodic clusters of scatterers for flexural waves
Authors: Martí-Sabaté Marc , Guenneau Sébastien , Torrent Dani
Published: August 2022

Multiple scattering theory is applied to the study of clusters of point-like scatterers attached to a thin elastic plate and arranged in quasi-periodic distributions. Two types of structures are specifically considered: the twisted bilayer and the quasi-periodic line. The former consists in a couple of two-dimensional lattices rotated a relative angle, so that the cluster forms a moiré pattern. The latter can be seen as a periodic one-dimensional lattice where an incommensurate modulation is superimposed. Multiple scattering theory allows for the fast and efficient calculation of the resonant modes of these structures as well as for their quality factor, which is thoroughly analyzed in this work. The results show that quasi-periodic structures present a large density of states with high quality factors, being therefore a promising way for the design of high quality wave-localization devices.
Effects of wall temperature on separation structures in supersonic flow over a semi-circular cavity
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhao Yu-xin , Yang Rui , Liu Wei
Published: August 2022

The influence of wall temperature on the vortex structure and flow characteristics of flow in semi-circular cavities is numerically investigated in this paper. The results show that the separation and reattachment points move downstream, and the secondary vortex increases with increases in wall temperature. In the secondary vortex section, normalized wall shear stress in the polar map has good consistency at different wall temperatures, and the flow properties of the three extreme points on the map are similar to Couette flow. In addition, the secondary vortex region can be regarded as an isobaric high-pressure region, while the pressure gradients slowly vary as the wall temperature increases. We confirm the independence of separation pressure for the wall temperature using pressure distribution and find that the peak and inflection points are at the reattachment points and separation points, respectively. Moreover, using a series of numerical calculations of the positions of the vortex center at different wall temperatures, explicit empirical formulas for estimating the positions of the primary vortex center are put forward. Using a topological mapping method, cavity flow is converted into quasi-one-dimensional steady-state compressible viscous flow through a variable cross-section pipe, and the flow parameter distribution, including the Mach number and pressure, conforms to the rule of quasi-one-dimensional flow.
Low contact resistivity of metal/n-GaN by the reduction of gap states with an epitaxially grown GaOx insulating layer
Authors: Koba Jiro , Koike Junichi
Published: August 2022

We investigated the contact properties of metal/n-GaN and metal/GaOx/n-GaN in terms of Fermi level pinning (FLP) by metal-induced and disorder-induced gap states (MIGS and DIGS). The work function of ten different metals spanned a wide range from 4.2 to 5.7 eV. The measured Schottky barrier height vs metal work function in metal/n-GaN showed the linear relationship with the slope parameter of S = 0.26 ± 0.01 for the doped and the undoped GaN, indicating a strong FLP. The insertion of a GaOx layer increased S to 0.35 corresponding to the decrease of the gap state density by ∼1.1 × 1013 states/(cm2 eV). A contact resistivity of 1.3 × 10−5 Ω cm2 was obtained in Al/GaOx (2.3 nm)/n-GaN (doped with 2 × 1018 cm−3 of Si), which was smaller by nearly three orders than that without the GaOx layer. The insulating property and partially epitaxial structure of GaOx were considered to be responsible for the reduction of the MIGS and DIGS densities, respectively, thereby relaxing FLP and leading to low contact resistivity. Optimization of the GaOx growth parameters may further improve the contact property.
Direct barrier evaluation method for SiC devices with junction barrier Schottky structures demonstrated with quasi-continuous spacing variation
Authors: Long Hu , Ren Na , Sheng Kuang
Published: August 2022

Junction barrier Schottky (JBS) structures are extensively used in silicon carbide devices; however, the complex surface composition makes the direct barrier evaluation difficult. To exclude the field-dependent distortion on a barrier for a direct unbiased evaluation in JBS structures, this work proposes a new evaluation method with a physics-based derivation and experimental demonstration, where a batch of JBS diodes are fabricated with a quasi-continuous spacing variation distribution achieved by the spreading etching technique. In addition, a detailed analysis based on the field-dependent barrier is provided. The result illustrates the chain-like activation and its saturation limit with a quantitative estimate in the straggle region. With the capability of the high linearity to exploit the statistical information for analysis stability, the proposed indicator could be a quantitative and versatile reference for designers dealing with nonideal surfaces.
Is the non-additive kinetic potential always equal to the difference of effective potentials from inverting the Kohn–Sham equation?
Authors: Wesolowski Tomasz Adam
Published: August 2022

The relation used frequently in the literature according to which the non-additive kinetic potential which is a functional depending on a pair of electron densities is equal (up to a constant) to the difference of two potentials obtained from inverting two Kohn–Sham equations, is examined. The relation is based on a silent assumption that the two densities can be obtained from two independent Kohn–Sham equations, i.e., are vs-representable. It is shown that this assumption does not hold for pairs of densities: ρtot being the Kohn–Sham density in some system and ρB obtained from such partitioning of ρtot that the difference ρtot − ρB vanishes on a Lebesgue measurable volume element. The inversion procedure is still applicable for ρtot − ρB but cannot be interpreted as the inversion of the Kohn–Sham equation. It is rather the inversion of a Kohn–Sham-like equation. The effective potential in the latter equation comprises a “contaminant” that might even not be unique. It is shown that the construction of the non-additive kinetic potential based on the examined relation is not applicable for such pairs.
Chimeras on annuli
Authors: Laing Carlo R.
Published: August 2022

Chimeras occur in networks of coupled oscillators and are characterized by the coexistence of synchronous and asynchronous groups of oscillators in different parts of the network. We consider a network of nonlocally coupled phase oscillators on an annular domain. The Ott/Antonsen ansatz is used to derive a continuum level description of the oscillators’ expected dynamics in terms of a complex-valued order parameter. The equations for this order parameter are numerically analyzed in order to investigate solutions with the same symmetry as the domain and chimeras which are analogous to the “multi-headed” chimeras observed on one-dimensional domains. Such solutions are stable only for domains with widths that are neither too large nor too small. We also study rotating waves with different winding numbers, which are similar to spiral wave chimeras seen in two-dimensional domains. We determine ranges of parameters, such as the size of the domain for which such solutions exist and are stable, and the bifurcations by which they lose stability. All of these bifurcations appear subcritical.
The fox in the box: acoustic deterrent and simulated predator disturbance to reduce problematic bird accumulations
Authors: Coughlan Neil E. , O’Shea William , Cuthbert Ross N. , Kelly Thomas C. , Mitham Neil , Nicholson Jeremy
Published: August 2022

Context Collisions between birds and aircraft (bird strikes) are a serious threat to aviation safety and these negative human–wildlife interactions are predicted to increase. As the wider spatial use of landscapes by birds can affect aviation safety (e.g. location of foraging and roosting sites), there is a clear need to implement effective management strategies at sites adjacent to airfields to reduce ingress of avian taxa across airfield boundaries. Aims In the present study, we assessed the efficacy of both an acoustic deterrent (sonic net) and a visual simulated predator effigy, in the form of a fox-shaped model, to disturb and reduce bird accumulations on: (1) agricultural foraging sites; (2) an active airfield; and (3) problematic roof-top roosts. Methods These non-lethal scare technologies were assessed separately and in combination by using a factorial design. Bird abundances, species richness and behavioural changes were considered. Key results Although the scare technologies did not reduce bird species richness at treated sites, in most cases, a significant reduction in bird abundances was observed. Equally, the number of birds observed to forage or roost was also generally significantly reduced, as was time spent by birds within treated sites. However, the effects of treatments were not universally across species. For example, a reduction in the abundance of gulls tended to be paired with an increase in the number of corvids for foraging sites. Nevertheless, the combined application of the sonic net and fox effigy caused a considerable reduction in foraging bird numbers, whereas singular treatment types appear to work best for roof-top roosts. Data also indicate that the sonic-net technology can be used to deter night-time roosting on an active airfield. Conclusions When taken together, treatments resulted in substantial and often significant reductions in bird abundance, foraging and roosting activity, as well as site residency time. However, treatment efficacy tended to be context and taxon specific. Implications Sonic net and mobile simulated predator effigies represent promising experimental scare technologies. Following further testing, the integration of these technologies into bird management interventions could yield substantial risk reductions for bird strikes, as well as improved non-lethal management of problematic roosting and nesting sites.
Bioturbation by echidna (
Authors: Dundas Shannon J. , Osborne Lara , Hopkins Anna J. M. , Ruthrof Katinka X. , Fleming Patricia A.
Published: August 2022

Bioturbation by digging animals is important for key forest ecosystem processes such as soil turnover, decomposition, nutrient cycling, water infiltration, seedling recruitment, and fungal dispersal. Despite their widespread geographic range, little is known about the role of the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) in forest ecosystems. We measured the density and size of echidna diggings in the Northern Jarrah Forest, south-western Australia, to quantify the contribution echidna make to soil turnover. We recorded an overall density of 298 echidna diggings per hectare, 21% of which were estimated to be less than 1 month old. The average size of digs was 50 ± 25 mm in depth and 160 ± 61 mm in length. After taking into account seasonal digging rates, we estimated that echidnas turn over 1.23 tonnes of soil ha−1 year−1 in this forest, representing an important role in ecosystem dynamics. Our work contributes to the growing body of evidence quantifying the role of these digging animals as critical ecosystem engineers. Given that the echidna is the only Australian digging mammal not severely impacted by population decline or range reduction, its functional contribution to health and resilience of forest ecosystems is increasingly important due to the functional loss of most Australian digging mammals.
A circuit mechanism for independent modulation of excitatory and inhibitory firing rates after sensory deprivation
Authors: Richter Leonidas M. A. , Gjorgjieva Julijana
Published: August 2022

Diverse interneuron subtypes shape sensory processing in mature cortical circuits. During development, sensory deprivation evokes powerful synaptic plasticity that alters circuitry, but how different inhibitory subtypes modulate circuit dynamics in response to this plasticity remains unclear. We investigate how deprivation-induced synaptic changes affect excitatory and inhibitory firing rates in a microcircuit model of the sensory cortex with multiple interneuron subtypes. We find that with a single interneuron subtype (parvalbumin-expressing [PV]), excitatory and inhibitory firing rates can only be comodulated—increased or decreased together. To explain the experimentally observed independent modulation, whereby one firing rate increases and the other decreases, requires strong feedback from a second interneuron subtype (somatostatin-expressing [SST]). Our model applies to the visual and somatosensory cortex, suggesting a general mechanism across sensory cortices. Therefore, we provide a mechanistic explanation for the differential role of interneuron subtypes in regulating firing rates, contributing to the already diverse roles they serve in the cortex.
Gammaherpesvirus-mediated repression reveals EWSR1 to be a negative regulator of B cell responses
Authors: Wang Yiping , Feswick April , Apostolou Vasiliki , Petkov Petko M. , Moser Emily K. , Tibbetts Scott A.
Published: August 2022

The germinal center (GC) plays a central role in the generation of antigen-specific B cells and antibodies. Tight regulation of the GC is essential due to the inherent risks of tumorigenesis and autoimmunity posed by inappropriate GC B cell processes. Gammaherpesviruses such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) utilize numerous armaments to drive infected naïve B cells, independent of antigen, through GC reactions to expand the latently infected B cell population and establish a stable latency reservoir. We previously demonstrated that the MHV68 microRNA (miRNA)
mghv-miR-M1-7-5p
represses host
EWSR1
(Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1) to promote B cell infection. EWSR1 is a transcription and splicing regulator that is recognized for its involvement as a fusion protein in Ewing sarcoma. A function for EWSR1 in B cell responses has not been previously reported. Here, we demonstrate that 1) B cell–specific deletion of EWSR1 had no effect on generation of mature B cell subsets or basal immunoglobulin levels in naïve mice, 2) repression or ablation of EWSR1 in B cells promoted expansion of MHV68 latently infected GC B cells, and 3) B cell–specific deletion of EWSR1 during a normal immune response to nonviral antigen resulted in significantly elevated numbers of antigen-specific GC B cells, plasma cells, and circulating antibodies. Notably, EWSR1 deficiency did not affect the proliferation or survival of GC B cells but instead resulted in the generation of increased numbers of precursor GC B cells. Cumulatively, these findings demonstrate that EWSR1 is a negative regulator of B cell responses.
Tcf-1 promotes genomic instability and T cell transformation in response to aberrant β-catenin activation
Authors: Arnovitz Stephen , Mathur Priya , Tracy Melissa , Mohsin Azam , Mondal Soumi , Quandt Jasmin , Hernandez Kyle M. , Khazaie Khashayarsha , Dose Marei , Emmanuel Akinola Olumide , Gounari Fotini
Published: August 2022

Understanding the mechanisms promoting chromosomal translocations of the rearranging receptor loci in leukemia and lymphoma remains incomplete. Here we show that leukemias induced by aberrant activation of β-catenin in thymocytes, which bear recurrent
Tcra/Myc-Pvt1
translocations, depend on Tcf-1. The DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in the
Tcra
site of the translocation are Rag-generated, whereas the
Myc-Pvt1
DSBs are not. Aberrantly activated β-catenin redirects Tcf-1 binding to novel DNA sites to alter chromatin accessibility and down-regulate genome-stability pathways. Impaired homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair and replication checkpoints lead to retention of DSBs that promote translocations and transformation of double-positive (DP) thymocytes. The resulting lymphomas, which resemble human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), are sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPis). Our findings indicate that aberrant β-catenin signaling contributes to translocations in thymocytes by guiding Tcf-1 to promote the generation and retention of replication-induced DSBs allowing their coexistence with Rag-generated DSBs. Thus, PARPis could offer therapeutic options in hematologic malignancies with active Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Pronouns and social justice in the linguistics classroom
Authors: Anderson Catherine
Published: August 2022

My introductory Linguistics course was for many years shaped by the field’s distaste for social justice issues such as cisheterosexism, racism, colonialism and ableism. Like many other linguists, I concentrated my teaching on the core formal subfields. This essay considers how the colonial roots of Linguistics have shaped the field and my teaching, and reflects on my efforts to integrate social justice concerns into my teaching, using the changing grammar of non-binary pronouns as one entry point.
Lasiobotrys lonicerae
.
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Lasiobotrys lonicerae
, which grows on living leaves, apparently as a parasite, and can be found, still present, on dead fallen leaves. This species has been investigated as a potential biological control agent of
Lonicera quinquelocularis
in Pakistan. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Algeria, Morocco), North America (Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan), USA (California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming), Asia (China, Georgia, India (Jammu and Kashmir Karnataka Uttarakhand), Iran, Kazakhstan (former Almaty oblast, Astana, former Chimkent oblast, former Dzhambul oblast, former Karaganda oblast, former Kokchetav oblast, former Kostanay oblast, former Semipalatinsk oblast, former Taldy-Kurgan oblast, former Tselinograd oblast, West Kazakhstan), Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia (Altai krai, Tuva Republic), Turkey)), Europe (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Russia (Leningrad oblast, Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Karelia, Smolensk oblast), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, former Yugoslavia)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this organism and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Physarum bogoriense
.
Authors: Cannon P.F. , Minter D.W.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Physarum bogoriense
. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Angola, Congo, Kenya, Liberia, Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania), Central America (Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama), North America (Canada (British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec), Mexico, USA (Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia)), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Bahia, Pernambuco, Piaui, Sao Paulo, Santa Catarina, Sergipe), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela), Asia (China (Fujian, Heilongjiang, Hong Kong, Jilin, Shaanxi, Shandong, Quinhai), India (Assam, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, Papua-New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), Atlantic Ocean (Bermuda, Spain (Canary Islands)), Australasia (Australia (Tasmania), New Zealand), Caribbean (American Virgin Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba, Dominica, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago), Europe (Austria, former Czechoslovakia, France, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Spain), Indian Ocean (Seychelles), Pacific Ocean (Ecuador (Galapagos), Japan (Bonin Islands), USA (Hawaii))). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this organism and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Ramularia anchusae
.
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Ramularia anchusae
, which seems to be parasitic, with records on living leaves of
Anchusa
species, sometimes causing leaf spot symptoms. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Algeria, Mali, Morocco), Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (Altai krai, Sverdlovsk oblast, Tuva Republic), Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkey), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Astrakhan oblast, Belgorod oblast, Leningrad oblast, Moscow oblast, Pskov oblast, Republic of Bashkortostan, Voronezh oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Ramularia echii
.
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W.
Published: August 2022

A description is provided for
Ramularia echii
, which seems to be parasitic, with records on living leaves of
Echium
species. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan (South Kazakhstan oblast (former Chimkent oblast)), Turkey, Uzbekistan), Europe (Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia (Belgorod oblast, Kirov oblast, Krasnodar krai, Kursk oblast, Lipetsk oblast, Orel oblast, Penza oblast, Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Ryazan' oblast, Stavropol' krai, Tambov oblast, Voronezh oblast), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus and no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.