bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Storm: Career Strategies for Today's Tumultuous Work Environment
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: December 2024

This article provides a strategic framework to help professionals navigate their careers amid today's disruptive workplace dynamics. After outlining three primary challenges—technological disruption, economic uncertainty, and rapid organizational change—that are contributing to a more tumultuous work environment, the article introduces a career navigation model centered around developing advanced and transferable skills, cultivating a diverse professional network, establishing a strong personal brand, and prioritizing personal well-being. Examples from different industries illustrate how individuals can apply the recommended skills, networking, branding, and self-care strategies to proactively guide their career journeys through periods of turbulence. The goal is to equip professionals with research-backed guidance for strategically steering their own career paths during an era defined by disruptions, unpredictability and constant change in the world of work.
FUNCIONAMIENTO FAMILIAR Y RIESGO DE CONDUCTA ALIMENTARIA EN ESTUDIANTES DE ENSEÑANZA MEDIA, EN LA COMUNA DE CHILLÁN
Authors: Bello Espinoza Diego Alexis , Llanquileo Rocío , Regner Camila , Tevalán Oscar
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: identificar la relación entre el nivel de Funcionamiento Familiar y riesgo de padecer Conductas Alimentarias en adolescentes de enseñanza media, de un colegio particular, de la comuna de Chillán. Método: estudio cuantitativo no experimental, donde se trabajó con 48 participantes que estuvieran cursando enseñanza media en un colegio de Chillán. Se aplicó a los estudiantes el EAT 26, que es el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias y el FACES-20 que es una Escala Breve de Evaluación de Funcionamiento Familiar. Resultados: Entre cohesión y riesgo de problemas de conducta alimentaria no se encontró una correlación estadísticamente significativa (p=0,14 r= -0,14). Conclusiones: Ante los objetivos planteados en la investigación realizada bajo la búsqueda de relación entre las variables de funcionamiento familiar y riesgo de conducta alimentaria en adolescentes de enseñanza media de la comuna de Chillán, los principales resultados arrojaron la no existencia de riesgo de conducta alimentaria en la muestra investigada, además de que el funcionamiento familiar no influye en esta. De esta manera, se acepta como nula la hipótesis previamente planteada.
Bank Performance and Capital Formation in Pakistan
Authors: Mehwish Darakhshan Zia  , Prof. Dr. Saghir Pervaiz Ghauri  , Sumera Mehmood
Published: December 2024

In Pakistan, during the last decade, the banking sector has experienced a reduction in the number of banks and their operations. This paper investigates the impact of banks' performance on capital formation in Pakistan. The country's investment level has been low, attributed to various factors. This study specifically examines the relationship between banks' performance and capital formation. Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) is the dependent variable, while major indicators of banks' performance serve as the independent variables. The study employs time series annual data from 1981 to 2023, comprising 43 observations. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) tests have been conducted to analyze the long-term and short-term relationships among the variables. The results reveal both long-term and short-term relationships between GFCF and the selected indicators of banks' performance. Total deposits, bank credit to the private sector, and banks' profitability show a positive relationship with capital formation. The study concludes that banks' performance in Pakistan significantly impacts capital formation. A robust banking system in Pakistan could facilitate efficient investment in the country.
Stapled Haemorrhoidectomy Compared with Milligan-Morgan Excision for the Treatment of Prolapsing Haemorrhoids: A Prospective Study
Authors: Muhammad Usman Azhar  , Abdullah Umer  , Ahmed Salman Majeed  , Muhammad Hamza  , Kanwal Saeed  , Ali Nasir  , Bilal Qammar
Published: December 2024

Background: Haemorrhoids, a common rectal and anal pathology, present with symptoms such as pain, bleeding, and prolapse caused by oedematous vascular formations in the anal canal. The conventional Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy (MMH) and stapled haemorrhoidopexy (Stapled Haemorrhoidectomy, PPH) are frequently used surgical techniques for prolapsing haemorrhoids. Aim: To compare Stapled Haemorrhoidectomy and Milligan-Morgan Haemorrhoidectomy in treating prolapsing haemorrhoids. Methodology: This prospective comparative cross-sectional study analyzed early postoperative outcomes in 60 patients undergoing either PPH or MMH. The study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Data were collected for six months’ duration from January 2024 to June 2024 using a Likert scale questionnaire adapted from Khan et al. (2009). Descriptive statistics summarized continuous variables like operative time, VAS pain scores, and hospital stay, while categorical variables were analyzed using frequency distributions and the Chi-square test to assess associations between complications and procedure type. Findings and Conclusion: Stapled Haemorrhoidectomy showed significant advantages over MMH, including shorter operative time, reduced postoperative pain, and shorter hospital stays. It was also associated with fewer complications such as postoperative bleeding, urinary retention, infection, and anal stenosis. These findings align with previous studies, confirming that Stapled Haemorrhoidectomy offers better recovery and lower complication rates, making it a preferred option in healthcare settings
ANALISIS PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN, MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI
Authors: Herlambang Agus
Published: December 2024

Program mengadakan pendidikan dan pelatihan (diklat) bertujuan meningkatkan secara teknis dan konseptual kemampuan kerja para pegawainya.Karena faktor dasar yang dijadikan penilaian pimpinan untuk menilai produktifitas bawahanya. Penelitian ini diadakan di Balai Diklat Ilmu Pelayaran Tangerang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran tentang: (1) Variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai. (2) Peranan dari pendidikan dan pelatihan terhadap kinerja pegawai (3) Peranan dari motivasi kerja  terhadap kinerja pegawai. (4) Peranan dari pendidikan dan pelatihan, motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai. Populasi merupakan keseluruhan obyek yang akan diteliti yaitu seluruh pegawai, pegawai/staff sebanyak 10 orang, yang berjumlah 48 orang. Metode sampling yang dilakukan dengan cara mengambil subyek bukan berdasarkan atas strata, random atau daerah tetapi didasarkan atas adanya tujuan tertentu”, Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hubungan antara pendidikan pelatihan dengan kinerja pegawai memiliki kebermaknaan, Hubungan antara pendidikan dan motivasi kerja secara bersama-sama dengan kinerja pegawai memiliki kebermaknaan,yang berarti bahwa faktor pendidikan benar-benar teruji dapat dipergunakan sebagai prediktor atau faktor penduga kinerja pegawai. Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah agar BP2IP Tangerang melakukan upaya peningkatan kinerja para pegawai.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan kinerja dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan pendidikan dan motivasi pegawai. Peningkatan pendidikan dan motivasi pegawai dapat dilakukan dengan memperhatikan kisi-kisi instrument penelitian ini.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF ANXIETY LEVELS OF WOMEN RECOVERING FROM COVID-19 WITH MENSTRUAL CYCLE CHANGES
Authors: Kaplan Özlem , Mucuk Salime , Şahin Merve Gül , Çetinkaya Ali
Published: December 2024

Aim: This study aimed to determine menstrual cycle changes and anxiety levels in women with COVID-19 after recovery.
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between 25 October 2021 and 27 February 2022 on 324 women who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and recovered at the Pandemic Outpatient Clinic of Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital. Study data were collected using a Personal Information Form, A Menstrual Symptom Scale, and a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
Findings: Women's scores on the Menstrual Symptom Scale varied according to age, BMI, marital status, education level and time elapsed after COVID-19 recovery (p
YÜKSEK RİSKLİ OLAN VE OLMAYAN GEBELERDE BELİRSİZLİĞE TAHAMMÜLSÜZLÜĞÜN ALGILANAN STRES, PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK, PSİKOLOJİK KIRILGANLIK VE ANNELİK ALGISINA ETKİSİ, TANIMLAYICI, İLİŞKİ ARAYICI VE KARŞILAŞTIRICI TÜRDE BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: Erbaş Büşra , Alan Dikmen Hacer
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma ile yüksek riskli olan ve olmayan gebelerde belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün algılanan stres, psikolojik sağlamlık, psikolojik kırılganlık ve annelik algısı üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışma tanımlayıcı, ilişki arayıcı ve karşılaştırıcı türde olup, çalışma verileri Ağustos-Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında, 2. ve 3. trimestirdeki 550 yüksek riskli gebe ve 550 yüksek riskli olmayan gebe olmak üzere toplam 1100 gebeden toplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği (BTÖ), Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (ASÖ-10), Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği (KPSÖ), Psikolojik Kırılganlık Ölçeği (PKÖ) ve Gebelerin Kendilerini Algılama Ölçeği (GKAÖ) kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde Student-t test, Pearson ki-kare test ve Fisher-Freeman-Halton test kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmada yüksek riskli olan gebelerin %60,5’inde erken doğum tehdidi, %14,0’ünde gebeliğin hipertansif hastalıkları, %12,4’ünde erken membran rüptürü, %8,0’inde kanama, %5,1’inde gestasyonel diyabetes mellitus vardı. Yüksek riskli olan ve olmayan gebelerin belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük düzeyleri ile algılanan stres ve psikolojik kırılganlık arasında pozitif yönlü, psikolojik sağlamlık arasında negatif yönlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki vardı (p0,05).
Sonuç: Bu çalışma ile yüksek riskli olan ve olmayan gebelerde belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün algılanan stres ve psikolojik kırılganlık düzeyini arttırdığı, psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyini ise azalttığı saptandı. Ayrıca yüksek riskli olan ve olmayan gebelerde belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük düzeyi ile annelik algısı arasında bir ilişki yoktu. Ebeler ve kadın sağlığı hemşireleri tüm gebeleri, özellikle yüksek riskli gebeleri antenatal izlemlerde ruhsal yönden değerlendirmeli ve gebeler, geleceğe yönelik bilinmezlik duyguları yaşıyor ise gebeleri duygularını ifade etmeleri yönünde teşvik etmeli ve bilgi eksikliklerini gidermelidir.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE COVID-19 KORKUSUNUN İNTERNET BAĞIMLILIĞI VE FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE DÜZEYİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: Eraslan Umut , Güven İzgi , Taşvuran Horata Emel , Erel Suat
Published: December 2024

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı üniversitede öğrenim gören genç yetişkinlerde COVID-19 korkusunun internet bağımlılığı ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ile ilişkisinin incelenmesidir.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı anket çalışması olarak planlanan bu araştırmada 543 öğrenci internet tabanlı veri toplama tekniği ile değerlendirildi. Öğrencilerin COVID-19 korkusu COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği ile, internet bağımlılık düzeyleri Young İnternet Bağımlılığı Testi Kısa Formu ile, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Testi Kısa Formu ile sorgulandı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 543 kişiden 411’i (%75.7) kadın ve 132’si (%24.3) erkekti. Katılımcıların yaşı 22.0±3.0 (18-39) yıldı. Katılımcıların COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği skoru 14.6±5.06 (7-35), Young İnternet Bağımlılık Testi skoru 27.18±7.38 (12-56), Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Testi skoru ise 940.83±1595.82 idi. Katılımcılar içerisinde fiziksel aktivite yaptığını bildiren 253 kişinin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri açısından %39.4’ü (100) çok aktif, %35.4’ü (90) minimal aktif, %25.2’si (63) ise inaktifti. COVID-19 korkusu ile internet bağımlılığı arasında pozitif yönde, zayıf düzeyde bir korelasyon saptandı (r=0.214, p
The Avaliação dos trabalhos de Educação Física no Talento Científico Jovem (Feira de Ciências) antes e após a Pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Prieto Lima da Silva Mariane , Oliveira Clayton Zambeli
Published: December 2024

Os cursos de Educação Física nas modalidades Bacharelado e Licenciatura tem fornecido no mundo moderno subsídios para uma melhor qualidade de vida do ser humano. Neste trabalho, os objetivos foram de investigar e analisar os trabalhos de Educação Física e de outras áreas científicas antes e após a pandemia gerada pela COVID-19. Os métodos utilizados foram de um ajuizamento certeiro dos dados quantitativos, qualitativos e temáticos dos trabalhos que estiveram presentes no Talento Científico Jovem (TCJ) (Feira de Ciências) durante os anos de 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020 e 2021.  Neste trabalho, foram avaliados os dados estatísticos em todos os períodos de realização da Feira de Ciências que proporcionou a participação de escolas, alunos e professores de diversas áreas da ciência e da Educação Física sendo que esta análise foi realizada através do programa Excel. Neste trabalho ficou evidente que a participação dos trabalhos científicos realizados pela área da Educação Física, tem a aptidão de colaborar espontaneamente para aperfeiçoar a qualidade de vida da população em geral e estes dados analisados antes e após a pandemia da COVID-19 acabou contribuindo de forma significativa para evidenciar a importância do profissional de Educação Física no mundo atual e moderno
Methanol Extract of Citrullus Lanatus Rind and Silymarin Modulates Liver Function, Haematological Profile, and Liver Antioxidant Status in Thioacetamide-Treated Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Ebhohon Shirley O. , Ojowu J. O. , Adarki W. P. , Edward U. I.
Published: December 2024

Thioacetamide (TAA) is known to induce hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress, disrupting liver function and body weight in experimental animals. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of methanolic Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) rind extract at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, as well as silymarin (50 mg/kg), in male Wistar rats treated with TAA (300 mg/kg). Body weight, liver weight, liver function markers, hematological parameters, and antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed. Results showed that TAA significantly decreased body weight and increased liver weight (p < 0.05), indicating hepatotoxicity. However, both doses of C. lanatus and silymarin significantly mitigated these effects, with the 500 mg/kg dose showing the strongest protective action. Alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, albumin, total protein, and oxidative stress markers (Malondialdehyde, Reduced Glutathione, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase) were significantly altered in the TAA group but were restored to near-normal levels in rats treated with C. lanatus and silymarin. Additionally, hematological indices (Red Blood Cells, Haemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume, Mean Corpuscular Volume, Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration, White Blood Cells, and Platelets) were significantly improved by the treatments, with the 500 mg/kg extract and silymarin exhibiting comparable efficacy. These findings suggest that C. lanatus rind extract possesses potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, making it a promising therapeutic agent for managing TAA-induced liver damage. Further studies are recommended to explore its long-term safety and clinical applications.
An Improved Light GBM using Bayesian Optimization for Vulnerability Exploitation Prediction
Authors: Mashi Boryanka T. , Ahmad Ibrahim S. , Kakudi Habeebah A. , Tanimu Jesse J.
Published: December 2024

Despite the significant advances in software security research, exploitability prediction remains elusive due to the uncertainty of which vulnerability to be prioritized. Though many studies have been done on vulnerability prediction, some problems still persist such as efficient parameter optimization, which has significant effect on the algorithm performance and efficiency. To address these challenges, we proposed an Improved Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) model using Bayesian Optimization (BO) Method. Three experiments were conducted to compare prediction accuracy and computational cost of time and memory on LGBM, LGBM with Grid Search and LGBM with Bayesian Optimization models. The results demonstrated that our Improved BO- LGBM model has better prediction accuracy and lower computational cost than the comparative models. BO-LIGHT GBM rendered AUC of 83% measuring the model performance, accuracy of 81%, while in terms of time and memory consumption has definitely taken the lead of 0.23 min executional time and 32MiB system memory. Our results suggest promising future applications of our improved BO_ LGBM model for the prediction of vulnerability exploitation, that could be relevant for IT organizations and vendors or any organization that has limited computational resources in its premises if employed.
Optimization of Input Parameters for Enhanced Production of Technetium-99 using the EXIFON Code
Authors: Ibrahim Nura , Joseph Emmanuel , Ige Olumide Oluwasanmi , Adoyi Joseph Emmanuel , Abdulrazaq Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Radioisotopes are critical in nuclear medicine for both imaging and therapeutic applications. In this work, the optimization of input parameters for enhanced production of technetium-99 using the EXIFON code have been studied. The reaction 100Mo(p, 2n)99mTc was examined within an incident proton energy range of 0 - 40 MeV. The calculated excitation function for the reaction channel reached a peak value of 1003.7 mbat about 21.00 MeV incident energy. Results obtained from the EXIFON code were compared with evaluated nuclear cross-sections data (ENDF) and experimentally measured cross-sections data (EXFOR) from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) nuclear database. Our findings show good agreement with the evaluated nuclear data and disagreement with the experimental data within the investigated energy range.
Structural Characterisation of Raw and Acid-Pretreated Invasive Plant Biomass (Ludwigia hexapetala and Ricinus communis)
Authors: Akoji Jibrin Noah
Published: December 2024

This study focused on the structural characterization of Raw and Acid-Pretreated Invasive Plant Biomass (Ludwigia hexapetala and Ricinus communis) and its impact on biofuels production. Raw and acid-pretreated biomass samples were characterized using various techniques, including FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA, and BET surface area analysis. Acid pretreatment significantly altered the biomass structure, increasing cellulose content, decreasing lignin content, and enhancing surface area and porosity. The results obtained in this analysis highlight the crucial role of structural features in determining biofuel potential. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing invasive plants as sustainable feedstocks for biofuel production and underscores the importance of structural analysis in optimizing bioethanol production processes.
Enhancing Academic Performance with AI-Powered Tools: A Comparative Study of Adobe Photoshop and Lightroom in Educational Technology Photography
Authors: Adigun Joseph Olusegun , Nuhu Kehinde Muritala , Oyetunde Deborah Iyanuoluwa , Irunokhai Eric Aghiomesi , Wealth Samuel Abiola , Ayangbekun Oluwafemi J. , Meduna Patience Ndidi , James Zacchaeus
Published: December 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) encompasses various technologies that enable machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, including educational applications with photography not left behind. This study investigates the comparative effects of AI tools in Adobe Photoshop and Lightroom on undergraduates’ academic performance in an Educational Technology Photography course university of Ilorin. A total of 42 students participated, with 52.4% trained in Photoshop and 47.6% in Lightroom. The gender distribution was 59.5% male and 40.5% female. Survey results indicated a universally positive perception of both AI tools, with no disagreements recorded. Respondents rated both tools highly in terms of ease of use, preference for learning, confidence in skills, and essentiality for professional editing. Achievement test scores revealed excellent performance (µ > 80%) for students using both tools, with no significant gender differences. The findings suggest that AI-powered tools in Adobe Photoshop and Lightroom significantly enhance students’ learning experiences and academic performance. The study highlights the potential for integrating AI tools in educational settings to improve learning outcomes and recommends further research into their long-term impacts, ethical implications, and effectiveness across diverse disciplines and educational contexts.
Quantum Tunneling in a Time-Periodic Double-Well Potential as a Driver of LENR
Authors: Dubinko Vladimir I. , Mazmanishvili Alexander S. , Laptev Denis V.
Published: December 2024

At sufficiently low temperatures, the reaction rates in solids are controlled by quantum rather than by thermal fluctuations. We solve the Schrödinger equation for a Gaussian wave packet in a nonstationary harmonic oscillator and derive simple analytical expressions for the increase of its mean energy and dispersion with time induced by time-periodic modulation. Applying these expressions to the modified Kramers theory, we demonstrate a strong increase of the rate of escape out of a time-periodic potential well at a constant height of the potential barrier, when the driving frequency of the well position equals its eigenfrequency, or when the driving frequency of the well width exceeds its eigenfrequency by a factor of ∼2. Physical realization of the time-periodic driving modes can be induced by localized anharmonic vibrations (LAVs), a.k.a. discrete breathers, in which the amplitude of atomic oscillations greatly exceeds the amplitude of zero-point oscillations. At low temperatures LAVs can be excited by external triggering (such as irradiation by fast particles or by a laser), which can result in strong catalytic effects due to amplification of the Kramers rate. Numerical solution of Schrodinger equation for time-periodic double well potential is obtained, which agrees qualitatively with modified Kramers rate theory. Application of the present theory to low-energy nuclear reactions is discussed.
Reproduction of Excess Heat of Pd-B Cathode Measured by Seebeck Calorimeter
Authors: Zhang Wu-Shou
Published: December 2024

Clear excess power from a Pd-B rod cathode provided by Melvin H. Miles was measured with a Seebeck calorimeter during D2O electrolysis. A reflux open-electrolytic cell, with the advantage of small constant power of D2O evaporation in electrolysis (Pvapor = 0.00979I at 25°C, the working temperature of calorimeter) was used and the calorimetry was therefore simplified. It was verified that pre-electrolysis of the cathode in open cell under high current and high temperature is an effective activation method for excess heat production in subsequent electrolysis. However, only the second activation gave the maximum excess power of 0.15 W with input power of 3 W and more activation was useless. After checking past results on excess heat of Pd plate samples in our lab, it is also found that the activation of cathode must be limited to a couple of times. On the other hand, after a long duration of intermittent electrolysis, the volume of the Pd-B electrode increased very little, meeting the requirement of volume expansion of excess-heat-producing Pd samples discovered by Edmund Storms.
Deuteron Momentum and the Umweg Factor Initiate and Limit Successful CF/LANR
Authors: Swartz Mitchell
Published: December 2024

The use of dry preloaded ZrO2PdNiD nanostructured materials in NANOR®-type components has previously demonstrated the presence of unwanted electrical avalanche behavior during successful over-driven LANR. This unwanted electrical response immediately ends the excess heat as the component returns to prosaic V*I power dissipation. This paper further examines these critical electron breakdown processes. The observed electrical breakdown in active nanostructured ZrO2PdNi LANR (lattice activated nuclear reactions) nanostructured materials and components is classically analyzed. Deuteron momentum and scattering are most important because they initiate, and then limit the success of, CF/LANR activity. We find that the deuteron momentum produces deuteron scattering, and if large enough the scattering and energy loss then limits the success of, CF/LANR activity. These collisions can create a detour [“umweg”] ruining the requisite path to deuteron synchrony needed for the desired excess heat.
Impedance Spectroscopy Distinguishes Active ZrO2-PdNiD NANOR®-type LANR Components
Authors: Swartz Mitchell
Published: December 2024

Dielectric/Impedance spectroscopy is an important nondestructive means of measuring the electrical properties of LANR materials and components as a function of frequency. An applied electric field intensity is applied to the material causing its electrical polarization. During a “relaxation” phase, the material’s electrical dipoles, atoms, and electrons, all rearrange to align with the applied electrical field. The key is to de-convolve the material response, and then resolve which mechanisms contribute to polarization.
LENR Research Documentation Initiative: What Have We Learned So Far?
Authors: Grimshaw Thomas W.
Published: December 2024

Humankind desperately needs new sources of energy. Global climate change and the environmental damage caused by fossil fuels threaten the very habitability of the earth. Cold fusion (LENR) has the potential to address these issues and improve the prospects of humanity. The potential energy benefits of LENR were well understood when it was announced in 1989. Although the field was rejected by mainstream science, many capable researchers worldwide continue to pursue it to realize its potential benefits. Because many of them are now retired or dead, the LENR Research Documentation Initiative (LRDI) is underway to preserve their records while they are still available. LENR researchers and collaborators are participating in the LRDI. A site visit is usually made to survey and document records and to conduct interviews. When possible, a timeline of research activity is developed. A report is prepared, and arrangements are made for preserving and archiving records. Much has been learned in several categories in the four years since the initiative was started: 1) the participants and their LRDI projects; 2) the nature and content of the LENR records; 3) interviews and transcriptions; 4) the reports prepared for each project; and 5) the arrangements for preserving and archiving the records. The effects of continued LENR rejection have also been documented in the LRDI projects. The LRDI has many opportunities for future progress, such as expansion with new projects, extension of the findings of previous projects, and LENR advocacy through demonstration of the high quality and very large amount of research. The LRDI’s ultimate objective is to advance the cause of LENR to realize its energy potential for the benefit of humankind.
Anomalous Heat Burst Triggered by Input Power Perturbations observed in Ni-Based Nanostructured Thin Films with Hydrogen
Authors: Iwamura Y. , Itoh T. , Kasagi Jirohta , Takahashi T. , Yamauchi S. , Saito M. , Murakami S. , Hioki T.
Published: December 2024

The authors developed an innovative method to induce anomalously large heat generation phenomena that cannot be explained by known chemical processes. Ni-based nano-sized multilayer film is preloaded with hydrogen gas and heated rapidly to diffuse hydrogen and trigger the heat generation reaction. Two nano-sized metal multilayer composite samples, which were composed of Ni, Cu, and the other thin films on bulk Ni (25 mm ⇥ 25 mm ⇥ 0.1 mm), were used. Anomalous heat generations were observed during the experiments under vacuum condition (<104 Pa) using nano-sized metal multilayer composites on Ni substrate, with hydrogen gas. Released energy evaluated with total amount of absorbed hydrogen reached to more than 10 keV/H. In addition to steady-state anomalous heat generation, spontaneous heat burst phenomena were sometimes observed. Based on the observation of spontaneous heat bursts, we can now trigger intentional heat bursts. The energy from even a single heat burst exceeds the energy produced by any known chemical reactions. Observation of heat bursts has improved the reliability of excess heat experiments. Samples that generated excess heat or heat bursts often show some areas of very high oxygen concentration after the experiment according to SEM-EDX and TOF-SIMS analyses.
A Particle Physicist’s View on the Nuclear Cold Fusion Reaction
Authors: Sawada Tetsuo
Published: December 2024

There are two different types of scientists who believe in the reality of the nuclear cold fusion. The researchers, who observed the excess energy by experiments, belong to the first type. On the other hand, a small number of theoreticians, who are working on the physics of the magnetic monopole, know that the nuclear reaction of the zero incident energy proceeds when the system involves a magnetic monopole. Since the former group still lacks a theory of the nuclear cold fusion based on the first principle of the natural law, I believe it is fruitful to explain to the former group how the theoretician of the particle physics comes to arrive at the conclusion that the nuclear cold fusion must occur if a magnetic monopole exists, in the framework of the quantum theory.
Tunneling Effect Enhanced by Lattice Screening as Main Cold Fusion Mechanism: An Brief Theoretical Overview
Authors: Frisone Fulvio
Published: December 2024

In this paper are illustrated the main features of tunneling traveling between two deuterons within a lattice. Considering the screening effect due lattice electrons, we compare the d–d fusion rate evaluated from different authors assuming different screening efficiency and different d–d potentials. Then, we propose an effective potential which describe very well the attractive contribute due to plasmon exchange between two deuterons and by means of it we will compute the d–d fusion rates for different energy values. Finally the good agreement between theoretical and experimental results proves the reality of cold fusion phenomena and the reliability of our model.
TSC-Induced Nuclear Reactions and Cold Transmutations
Authors: Takahashi Akito
Published: December 2024

Tetrahedral Symmetric Condensate (TSC) of orthogonal coupling of four deuterons and four electrons behaves as charge-neutral pseudo-particle and induces nuclear interaction with host metal nuclei. Theoretical predictions are shown for processes, reaction- types and nuclear products. Some details are written for 4p/TSC + Ni and 4d/TSC + Cs reactions making transmutations and fission products.
A Theoretical Summary of Condensed Matter Nuclear Effects
Authors: Takahashi Akito
Published: December 2024

Key experimental results are compared with the results of Electronic Quasi-Particle Expansion Theory/Tetrahedral Symmetric Con- densate (EQPET/TSC) models. Screening energy for d–d pair by theory is 360 eV and is comparable with 310 eV by Kasagi experiment for PdDx. Helium-4 production with scarce neutron is modeled by strong 4D fusion of minimum state 4d/TSC reaction. Maximum level of 4d/TSC fusion is 46 MW/cm3-Pd and 23 keV/Pd, comparable to 24.8 keV/Pd by El Boher experiment. Trans- mutation with mass-8 and charge-4 increase is explained by 4d/TSC + host metal reactions. Fission-like products by Ni–H systems are in agreement with fission products of 4p/TSC + nickel nuclear reactions.
Dynamic Mechanism of TSC Condensation Motion
Authors: Takahashi Akito
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses and explains the time-dependent quantum-mechanical behavior of electron-clouds in 4D/TSC (tetrahedral symmetric condensate) condensation motion by the Langevin equation, in comparison with steady ground state electron orbits and their de Broglie wave lengths for the D-atom and D2 molecule. An electron orbit in a “d–e–d–e” quasi-molecular system of a face of 4D/TSC under time-dependent condensation makes a spiral track, finally reaching the center-of-mass point of the TSC, with a tail of time-varying effective wave length. The role and merit of the heavy mass electronic quasi-particle expansion theory (HMEQPET) method for approximating time-dependent TSC trapping potential and relating it to the estimation of time-dependent Coulomb barrier penetration probabilities of a 4D cluster is explained.
Terahertz difference frequency response of PdD in two-laser experiments
Authors: Hagelstein Peter L. , Letts D. , Cravens D.
Published: December 2024

The cell responded to three difference frequencies in the THz range at 8.2 THz, at 15.1 THz, and at 20.8 THz. The first two of these frequencies can be associated with optical phonon frequencies of PdD with zero velocity. We examine the conjectures that the response at 20.8 THz is due to deuterium in vacancies in the gold coating, or due to hydrogen contamination.
Codeposition Methods: A Search for Enabling Factors
Authors: Letts Dennis
Published: December 2024

This paper is a preliminary report on results obtained from a series of experiments conducted April–September 2009. The experiments were designed to test for excess power using the basic methods disclosed in 1991 by Szpak, Mossier-Boss and Smith. A large and repeatable excess power signal was observed and the efforts to test mundane explanations for the signal are described. The design, fabrication and calibration methods of a new type of Seebeck calorimeter used for these experiments are also disclosed.
Neutron Emission in Bursts and Hot Spots: Signature of Micro-Nuclear Explosions?
Authors: Srinavasan Mahadeva
Published: December 2024

Within a few months of the Fleischmann Pons announcement of 1989 several independent groups at BARC had confirmed the production of neutrons and tritium in a variety of electrolytic cells. Among the many findings of the BARC groups were the first hint of the neutron to tritium branching ratio anomaly, namely that tritium production is several orders of magnitude higher than that of neutrons, that neutrons and tritium are probably being emitted simultaneously and that at least in the case of titanium targets, the generated tritium is found to be entrenched in highly localized “hot spots”. But the most intriguing observation of all was that neutrons appeared to be emitted in sharp bursts of up to 103 neutrons per event. An integrated view of all these findings taken together led to the speculation that perhaps up to 1010–1012 tritons each were being generated in the form of micro-nuclear explosions, with neutron emission being only a minor side reaction in the process. Whatever the nature of the phenomenon, it seemed to be occurring in a highly localized fashion, both in space and time. Since those early days however the aspect of spatially localized occurrence of nuclear reactions has gained further acceptance through the concept of “Nuclear Active Environment”. The observation of thermal hot spots, micro-craters and isolated regions wherein transmutation products are concentrated on the cathode surface has reinforced the suspicion that the phenomenon is spatially localized. But how reliable is the evidence for localization in time? This review revisits our early neutron multiplicity measurements since it appears that confirmation of multiple neutron production is possibly the only handle we have to establish the temporal localization feature and thereby give some insight into the possible occurrence of micro-nuclear explosions which in turn would have a tremendous bearing on the nature of the theoretical mechanism governing these LENR reactions.
Weight of Evidence for the Fleischmann–Pons Effect
Authors: Johnson Rodney , Melich Michael
Published: December 2024

Cravens and Letts [1] have analyzed a portion (167 papers) of the published literature reporting on D2O electrolysis experiments such as Fleischmann and Pons’s (FP). They identify four criteria for what constitutes a “proper” FP experiment and state that experiments that satisfy all four criteria are likely to succeed in producing excess heat, while those that do not are likely to fail. This paper presents results of using a Bayesian network for probabilistic analysis of this claim. Consideration of a small subset of the papers (12) is sufficient to give a likelihood ratio of about 28 to 1 in favor, and this number appears to grow generally rapidly, though not monotonically, as more papers are added to the set.
Ultra-High Density Deuteron-cluster Electrode for Low-energy Nuclear Reactions
Authors: Miley George H. , Yang Xiaoling , Hora Heinrich
Published: December 2024

This paper reviews new and previous theoretical and experimental studies of the possibility of nuclear events in clusters created in multilayer thin film electrodes, including the correlation between excess heat, transmutations, and the cluster theory that predicts it. As a result of this added understanding of cluster reactions, a new class of electrodes is under study. These electrodes are designed to enhance cluster formation and subsequent reactions. Two approaches are under development. The first employs improved loading– unloading techniques, intended to obtain a higher volumetric density of sites favoring cluster formation. The second is designed to achieve Rydberg Matters. Various methods of exciting (triggering) cluster reactions are also discussed. Based on these insights, the design of Low-energy Nuclear Reaction (LENR) power cells is proposed. While still in the research stage, this approach promises ultimate development of “green” nuclear powered “batteries” offering remarkable energy densities well beyond present technology.
Inhibition of LENR by Hydrogen within Gas-loaded Systems
Authors: Cravens Dennis
Published: December 2024

This paper develops a model of reaction kinetics for Low-energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) for gas loaded systems. The method is patterned after mathematics used in Michaelis–Menten kinetic models, which are standard in enzyme catalytic studies. Hydrogen is found to inhibit the deuterium reaction rates and can be explained by mixed inhibition kinetics where the hydrogen both competes with deuterium at the active sites requiring higher concentrations of deuterium for a given reaction rate and it also undergoes non- competitive inhibition, which alters the maximum rate of the reaction. This kinetic model predicts that hydrogen contamination would require higher loading ratios for similar reaction rates or heat production and also such contamination may lower ultimate heat production due to hydrogen active site complex productions.
Heat Evolution from Pd Nano-powders Exposed to High-pressure Hydrogen Isotopes and Associated Radiation Measurements
Authors: Kitamura Akira , Sasaki Yu , Miyoshi Yuki , Taniike Akira , Takahashi Akito , Seto Reiko , Fujita Yushi
Published: December 2024

Using a twin system for hydrogen absorption, experiments on heat evolution and charged particle generation by D2 (H2) gas absorption in nano-sized Pd powders were done for the 0.1 μm. Pd powder, the Pd-black, and the mixed oxides of Pd·Zr, Pd·Ni·Zr and Ni·Zr. It has been found that the D(H)/Pd loading ratio and the absorption energy per D (H) is an increasing function of fineness of the sample surface. The Pd·Zr oxide nano-composites showed anomalously large energies of hydrogen isotope absorption as well as large loading ratio in the phase of deuteride/hydride formation. Although the samples were deteriorated by the repeated baking-hydrogenation cycles, an artificial oxidation of the PZ and the PNZ samples recovered the excellent original performances, and gave hydride formation energies of 1.5–2.3 eV/D and 1.5–2.0 eV/H, which are anomalously high compared with values for bulk Pd metal. In the second phase after the deuteride formation, the Pd·Zr and Pd·Ni·Zr oxide composites charged exclusively with D2 sometimes gave significantly positive output, which should be subjected to repeated investigation. Nuclear reaction products including energetic charged-particles for a possible cause of the phenomena were examined using a variety of nuclear diagnostics.
Absorption Capacity and Heat Evolution with Loading of Hydrogen Isotope Gases for Pd Nanopowder and Pd/Ceramics Nanocomposite
Authors: Hioki T. , Azuma H. , Nishi T. , Itoh A. , Hibi S. , Gao J. , Motohiro T. , Kasagi J.
Published: December 2024

Using Sievert’s method, the hydrogen (/deuterium) absorption capacity was measured for Pd nanopowder with particle size 10–20 nm and for Pd-γAl2O3 nanocomposites with Pd particle size 2–5 nm. In order to eliminate the influence of oxidized Pd particles on the absorption capacity, measurements were repeated three or four times without exposing the samples to air. For both nano-Pd materials, the absorption capacity at 1MPa was found to be slightly smaller than that of Pd bulk. The difference in the absorption capacity between hydrogen and deuterium, i.e., the isotope effect, was negligible within the experimental error. It was found that the average size of the Pd particles was significantly increased after the repeated measurements of the absorption capacity. The heat generated upon pressurizing the materials with deuterium or hydrogen up to 1MPa was measured using a flow calorimeter. Similar to the measurements of absorption capacity, the heat measurements were also conducted repeatedly. The observed heat generation was composed of two stages, i.e., the first stage during pressurizing the samples from 0 to 1 MPa and the second stage, where the sample was kept under a fixed pressure of 1 MPa. The heat generated in the first stage was much larger at the time of the first measurement than at the second or third. The heat generated in the first stage was largely explained by taking into account two chemical reactions, i.e., the water formation reaction and the deuteride formation reaction. It was noted that in the second stage, where the heat generated from chemical reactions was hardly expected to occur, a small heat power was observed intermittently. This heat evolution was observed frequently when the samples were loaded with deuterium.
Dynamics in the Case of Coupled Degenerate States
Authors: Hagelstein Peter L. , Chaudhary Irfan U.
Published: December 2024

Excess heat in the Fleischmann–Pons experiment has been observed in a great many experiments, and we have been working toward the development of a theoretical model to account for it. In the experiments, excess heat is correlated with 4He, but there are no commensurate energetic particles. This has motivated us to consider models in which the excess energy is communicated directly to low energy degrees of freedom associated with the solid state environment. We have found relatively simple models which are capable of splitting up a large energy quantum into a very large number of much smaller energy quanta. In order to analyze these new models, we are motivated to consider the dynamics associated with a set of ordered degenerate states with nearest neighbor coupling.
Second-order Formulation and Scaling in the Lossy Spin-Boson Model
Authors: Hagelstein Peter L. , Chaudhary Irfan U.
Published: December 2024

In the Fleischmann–Pons experiment, energy is produced without commensurate energetic reaction products. To account for this we have proposed new models in which coherent energy exchange occurs between two-level systems with a large energy quantum, and an oscillator with a much smaller characteristic energy. In earlier work we demonstrated using perturbation theory that the lossy spin-boson model is capable of efficient coherent energy exchange when many oscillator quanta are exchanged for a two-level system quanta on resonance. Here we introduce a formulation that isolates nearly degenerate states in the lossy spin-boson model, and allows the computation of the self-energy and indirect coupling matrix elements. From calculations of simple lossy spin boson models we establish a scaling law and define the dimensionless coupling constant g for the system. Direct calculations using this approach is not possible for large models in which a great many oscillator quanta are exchanged, but the formulation provides a foundation for understanding this kind of model, and will allow us to develop more powerful approximate methods.
Coherent Energy Exchange in the Strong Coupling Limit of the Lossy Spin-Boson Model
Authors: Hagelstein Peter L. , Chaudhary Irfan U.
Published: December 2024

We focus on the lossy spin-boson model since it is capable of efficient energy exchange between two-level systems and an oscillator under conditions where the characteristic energy of the oscillator is small compared to the transition energy of the two-level systems. We are considering this model as the essential component for a theoretical understanding of the excess heat effect in the Fleischmann– Pons experiment. We introduce an iterative algorithm that allows the numerical calculation of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the coefficient eigenvalue equation that arises in the local approximation. From systematic calculations in the strong coupling limit we establish scaling laws for the self-energy and for the indirect coupling matrix element in the local approximation. These results are used to study the system dynamics for simple strong coupling models.
Modified Szpak Protocol for Excess Heat
Authors: Letts Dennis , Hagelstein Peter L.
Published: December 2024

In recent theoretical work, vacancies in PdD have been shown to be able to host molecular D2, which is conjectured to be necessary for excess heat in Fleischmann–Pons experiments. Vacancies in the original Fleischmann–Pons experiment are proposed to be created through inadvertent codeposition at high loading. This suggests that a better approach should be to focus on experiments in which Pd codeposition is controlled, such as in the Szpak experiment. Unfortunately, the Szpak experiment has proven difficult to replicate, and we conjecture that this is due to low D/Pd loading. A modified protocol has been tested in which codeposition is carried out at higher current density with a lower PdCl2 concentration. Positive results have been obtained in all of the tests done with this protocol so far.
Effects of Self-poisoning of Pd on the Deuterium Permeation Rate and Surface Elemental Analysis for Nuclear Transmutation
Authors: Hioki T. , Takahashi N. , Gao J. , Murase A. , Hibi S. , Motohiro T.
Published: December 2024

Factors affecting the deuterium permeation rate through Pd foils at a temperature as low as 70◦C have been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated that the surface segregation of S from the interior of Pd bulk during the permeation process causes a significant lowering of permeation rate with increasing permeation time, although the concentration of S impurity in Pd bulk is probably less than 10 ppm. The surface accumulated S during D2 permeation also gives rise to a difficulty in detecting small amount of elements on the surface of Pd after deuterium permeation treatment. For selected nuclear transmutation from Sr to Mo reported by Iwamura group, we have successfully observed Mo on the surface of Sr ion-implanted Pd after a deuterium permeation treatment, by adding a process that removes the sulfur accumulated on the surface of the Pd foil. A time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) study on the origin of the observed Mo will be described in a separate paper.
Errata and Comments on a Recent Set of Papers in Journal of Condensed mater Nuclear Science
Authors: Hagelstein Peter L. , Chaudhary Irfan U.
Published: December 2024

Recently we published a series of papers that focused on coherent energy exchange in the context of the lossy spin–boson model in this journal. Minor errors have been identified, and we provide corrections here. In addition, we give additional discussion of some of the issues.