bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved switching characteristics of p-type tin monoxide field-effect transistors through Schottky energy barrier engineering
Authors: Kim Taikyu , Kim Jeong-Kyu , Yoo Baekeun , Xu Hongwei , Yim Sungyeon , Kim Seung-Hwan , Yu Hyun-Yong , Jeong Jae Kyeong
Published: November 2019

Metal–interlayer–semiconductor contact reduces metal-induced gap states, mitigating Fermi-level pinning at metal/semiconductor interface. Here, switching property of p-type SnO FET is enhanced by increasing electron Schottky barrier at off-state.
Template-free perpendicular growth of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) fiber array by bipolar electrolysis under an iterative potential application
Authors: Zhou Yaqian , Shida Naoki , Koizumi Yuki , Watanabe Tempei , Nishiyama Hiroki , Tomita Ikuyoshi , Inagi Shinsuke
Published: November 2019

A perpendicular PEDOT fiber array was successfully grown from a bipolar electrode (BPE) surface by electropolymerization of aromatic monomers.
MiRNA-574-3p inhibits cell progression by directly targeting CCND2 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Wen-Cui , Wu Yan-Qiong , Gao Bo , Wang Chao-Yun , Zhang Juan-Juan
Published: November 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the candidate for one of the typical types of malignant tumors of in gastrointestinal tract all around the world, which leads to tremendous death and ranks as the top leading death of cancer. Recently, microRNAs have emerged as double-edged sword in numerous cancers. This investigation aims to discuss the regulative role of microRNA-574-3p (miR-574-3p), elucidating its molecular mechanism and clinical significance in CRC. Herein, it revealed to us that miR-574-3p was lowly expressed in CRC tissues in comparison with the matched paracarcinoma tissues. In addition, transfection of SW480 and HT29 cells with miR-574-3p mimics prohibited the post-transcriptional expression of Cyclin D2 (CCND2), which then significantly blocked cell growth and cell migration, yet triggered cell apoptosis. Also, dual-luciferase reporter assays proved the role of CCND2 as the targeted gene for miR-574-3p. miR-574-3p overexpression prohibited the activity of CCND2 in SW480 and HT29 cells. Silencing of CCND2 in SW480 and HT29 CRC cell lines leading to reduced cell proliferative and migrative rates, and enhanced apoptotic rate. The suppressive effects of elevation of miR-574-3p on the proliferation of the human CRC cells and promotive effects on cell apoptosis by targeting CCND2 were further illustrated in the in vitro studies. Thus, we hypothesize that miR-574-3p may be served as a prospective therapeutic candidate for CRC.
From bacterial battles to CRISPR crops; progress towards agricultural applications of genome editing
Authors: Bryant John A.
Published: November 2019

Genome editing is the precise alteration of DNA in living cells by the cutting or removal of specific sequences, sometimes followed by insertion of new sequences at the cut site. CRISPR–Cas9 has become firmly established as the genome-editing method of choice, replacing the systems that had been developed and in use since the early 1990s. The CRISPR–Cas9 system has been developed from a mechanism used in prokaryotes as a defence against bacteriophage but actually functions in cells of all types of organisms. It is widely used in research as a gene knockout and editing tool; applications in veterinary medicine (such as increased resistance to disease) and human medicine (such as correction of disease-causing mutations) are under development. In agriculture and horticulture, the potential for various aspects of crop improvement is very large. Selected aspects of this potential are presented here, with particular focus on crop quality and disease resistance. The article ends with a brief discussion of the regulatory ‘environment’ in the USA and the EU.
Oxidized cholesterol species as signaling molecules in the brain: diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Weigel Thaddeus K. , Kulas Joshua A. , Ferris Heather A.
Published: November 2019

Type 2 diabetes is associated with adverse central nervous system effects, including a doubled risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and increased risk of cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms connecting diabetes to cognitive decline and dementia are unknown. One possible link between these diseases may be the associated alterations to cholesterol oxidation and metabolism in the brain. We will survey evidence demonstrating alterations to oxysterols in the brain in AD and diabetes and how these oxysterols could contribute to pathology, as well as identifying research questions that have not yet been addressed to allow for a fuller understanding of the role of oxysterols in AD and diabetes.
Efficient detection of false data injection attack with invertible automatic encoder and long‐short‐term memory
Authors: Li Yuancheng , Huo Wendan , Qiu Rixuan , Zeng Jing
Published: November 2019

The false data injection attack can tamper with the measurement information collected by the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, threat the security of state estimation. Therefore, the analysing methods and detection methods of false data injection attacks have important theoretical and practical significance for ensuring the safe operation of smart grids. This study uses the invertible automatic encoder to reduce the dimension of the original data and uses the long‐short‐term memory to detect false data injection attacks. This method overcomes the shortcomings of shallow algorithm and traditional machine learning algorithm for power big data training and avoiding the problems of gradient explosion and gradient disappearing during training. Finally, the authors perform a large number of experiments in the IEEE 118‐node test system and the 300‐node test system and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
DRAN: Deep recurrent adversarial network for automated pancreassegmentation
Authors: Ning Yang , Han Zhongyi , Zhong Li , Zhang Caiming
Published: November 2019

Automated pancreas segmentation in abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans is of high clinical relevance (i.e. pancreas cancer diagnosis and prognosis), but extremely difficult because the pancreas is a soft, small, and flexible abdominal organ with high anatomical variability, which causes the previous segmentation methods to result in low precision. In this study, the authors present a new deep recurrent adversarial network (DRAN) to tackle this challenge. DRAN contains three steps: (i) preserving global resolution of CT scans and modifying the receptive field of kernel adaptively through a dilated convolution autoencoder module; (ii) modelling contextual spatial correlation between neighbouring CT scan patches benefits from a specially designed local long short‐term memory module; and (iii) improving the performance and generalisation by leveraging an adversarial module, which can constrain the spatial smoothness consistency between continuous CT scans based on the long‐range spatial interaction. The system is evaluated on a dataset of 80 manually segmented CT volumes, using four‐fold cross‐validation. Its performance surpasses other state‐of‐the‐art methods, with the Dice similarity coefficient of and pixel‐wise accuracy of . Also, they perform a qualitative evaluation by an expert further revealing the effectiveness and potential of their DRAN as a clinical segmentation tool.
Wiring networks diagnosis using time‐domain reflectometry and support vector machines
Authors: Kamel Smail Mostafa , Boubezoul Abderrahmane , Bouchekara Houssem R.E.H. , Sellami Yamine
Published: November 2019

An efficient diagnosis method dedicated to embedded wiring network based on reflectometry technique is developed in this study. The proposed methodology is based on the two complementary steps. In the first step, the time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) method is simulated, by RLCG (R: resistance, L: inductance, C: capacitance and G: conductance) circuit model and the numerical finite‐difference time‐domain method, and at the same time the datasets are created. In the second step, the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is combined with a principal component analysis to identify the faults on wiring network from the TDR response. Two types of SVM models have been used in the diagnosis procedure: SVM classifiers and SVM regression models. In order to illustrate the performances and the feasibility of the proposed approach, numerical and experimental results are presented.
Automatic Petrol and Diesel Engine Sound Identification Based on Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Frederick Halim , Winda Astuti , Iwan Solihin Mahmud
Published: November 2019

Petrol and diesel engine have a significantly different way to convert chemical energy into mechanical energy. In this work, the intelligent system approach is used to automatically identify the type of engine based on the sound of the engine. The combination of signal processing and machine learning technique for automatic petrol and diesel engine sound identification is presented in this work. After a signal preprocessing step of the engine sound, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based frequency characteristic modelling technique is applied as the feature extraction method. The resulting features extracted from the sound signal, in the form of frequency in the FFT matrix, are used as the inputs for the machine learning, the Support Vector Machine (SVM), step of the proposed approach. The experiment of FFT with SVM-based diesel and petrol engine sound identification has been carried out. The results show that the proposed approach produces a good accuracy in the relatively short training time. Experimental results show the training and testing accuracy of 100 % and 100 % respectively. They confirm the effectiveness of the proposed intelligent automatic diesel and petrol engine sound identification based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs).
Preliminary Study on Mesh Stiffness Models for Fluid-structure Interaction Problems
Authors: Priambudi Setyo Pratomo Hariyo , Dwiputra Suprianto Fandi , Sutrisno Teng
Published: November 2019

One of the challenges in modern computational engineering is the simulation of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) phenomena where one of the crucial issues in the multi-physics simulation is the choice of stiffness model for mesh deformation. This paper focuses on the application of iteratively implicit coupling procedure on two transient FSI cases of vortex induced-vibration (VIV) that manifest oscillating flexible structures. The aim is to study various mesh stiffness models in the Laplace equation of diffusion employed within the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methodology to handle the moving mesh. In the first case where a laminar flow interacted with a flexible splitter, it was demonstrated that a near FSI boundaries increased-stiffness model prevails to manage a large deformation of the moving structure as compared to a near volume increased-stiffness model. However, the potential technique could not be exploited to the second FSI configuration, where the effect of the turbulence of flow was included. It was found that the mesh topology near the FSI interface was collapsed. Instead of utilizing the same approach, a mesh stiffness based on a wall distance was found to be auspicious. Thus, the mesh stiffness model in the FSI simulation is case-dependent.
The Influence of Room and Ambient Temperatures of Exergy Loss in Air Conditioning Using Ejector as an Expansion Device with R290 as Working Fluid
Authors: Sumeru Kasni , Pratikto Pratikto , Setyawan Andriyanto , Moshood Abioye Adenkule
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a numerical approach on exergy loss in an air conditioner (A/C) using ejector asexpansion device with R290 (propane) as working fluid. R290 is a natural refrigerant and environmental friendly, recommended by many researchers as a substitute for R22. In the numerical approach, exergy analysis was carried out on an A/C with cooling capacity of 2.4 kW, and the room and the ambient temperatures were varied from 18 °C to 26 °C and 30 °C to 34 °C respectively. The results show that the total exergy loss in an air conditioner using ejector as an expansion device is lower than that of using conventional as an expansion device. In addition, exergy analysis shows that thegradients of increment of total exergy loss due to increase in the ambient temperature are constant, that is 0.003 for the five different room temperatures, namely 18 °C, 20 °C, 22 °C, 24 °C and 26 °C.
Kinematic Analysis of Triple Ball Tie-rod in Ackermann Steering and Tilting Mechanism for Tricycle Application
Authors: Pramudita Wid Wimba , Syehan Aufar , Agus Sumarsono Danardono
Published: November 2019

Nowadays, a concept of tilting three-wheel vehicle is introduced, one of which is the electric tilting tricycle to provide an alternative mode of transportation. Some of the tilting tricycle design usinga tadpole trike configuration and it needs an adequate steering system that can be synergized with tilting mechanism. The steering mechanism follows the Ackermann steering geometry. Usage of Ackermann geometry means applying a mechanism of trapezoidal four-bar linkage to the tricycle. To create and maintain the simple trapezoid shape, Triple Ball Tie-rod model, a single rod which supports three ball joints, is proposed. Since the capabilities of the model are yet to be proven, this research evaluates the usageof a tie-rod model to find out its capabilities to support the works of the steering mechanism of the tricycle. The measurements are conducted after the simulation of the 3D model to extract some data such as maximum lean angle and inner and outer steering angles. Another simulation using regular tie-rod model also conducted with the same method for comparison purposes. The results of the study are maximum allowed tilting angle and generated Ackermann steering angles. Each designed models have their respectiveadvantages.
The Impact of Enterprise Resources Planning Implementation in Cross-Functional for Sharing Knowledge and Quality Information in Preparing the Financial Statements
Authors: Jiwa Husada Tarigan Zeplin , Ronni Basana Sautma , Suprapto Widjojo
Published: November 2019

Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) has been adopted by the manufacturing and service industries to improve the performance of the company. It helps construct the company's financial statements. There are two main questions: first, how the influence of implementing ERP can enhance the good integration andsecond, how sharing between departments can affect the quality of information so that the process of making the company's monthly financial reports on time. For company management in East Java, one successful indicator is the on-schedule monthly financial reports. Based on the results there are 102 questionnaires returned, but only 58 replies are coming from the finance and accounting department. Eight questionnaires were incomplete, therefore discharged. As many as 50 questionnaires can be further processed. The results of this study find that ERP implementation gives a positive impact to cross-functional departments and sharing knowledge. However, the impact of cross-functional department does not affect the sharing knowledge because many heads of departments find it difficult to discuss and understand businessprocesses in other departments. The cross functional departments and the sharing of information have a significant influence on the quality of company information. Last, cross-functional departments and thequality of information affect the financial statement.
“Mosaic Pattern” Foreign Bodies in Computed Tomography of the Head: A Specific Sign to Detect Tempered Glass-Related Head Injury
Authors: Faheem Mohd. , Kumar Raj , Jaiswal Manish , Ansari Mohammad Ahmed , Saba Noor us
Published: November 2019

A 40-year-old male patient presented to us with a history of road traffic accident, followed by loss of consciousness and vomiting. Noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) scan revealed frontal bone defect along with multiple “mosaic pattern” homogenously hyperdense foreign bodies of nearly similar size in the right frontoparietal region within the extradural space. Debridement craniectomy was done, and multiple pieces of glass were retrieved. The extremely unique radiologic finding and probably first in the English literature prompted us to report this interesting case. Unfortunately, the patient died of myocardial infarction 3 days after the injury. Further, this new “mosaic pattern” radiologic finding on NCCT of the head may help in determining the mechanism of injury due to tempered glass-related head trauma. Window glass may not be always safe as it is thought by commuters.
Epidemiology of Liver Cancer in Africa: Current and Future Trends
Authors: Okeke Edith , Davwar Pantong Mark , Roberts Lewis , Sartorius Kurt , Spearman Wendy , Malu Abraham , Duguru Mary
Published: November 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease of global public health significance with mortality on the rise, despite the preventable nature of its risk factors especially in Africa. It is now the sixth most common cancer worldwide, fifth in males, and ninth in females. HCC incidence and mortality are predicted to increase in African countries constrained by limited resources to combat endemic levels of viral infection and synergistic environmental risk factors. The changing nature of HCC etiology is particularly illustrated here with the traditional risk factors like viral hepatitis coexisting alongside high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence and rapidly increasing urbanization that have promoted a sharp increase in additional risk factors like coinfection, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Although there are some differences in etiology between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, risk factors like chronic viral hepatitis B and C, aflatoxin exposure, and iron overload predominate. Aggressive hepatitis B genotypes, combined with hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus/HIV coinfections and aflatoxin exposure, promote a more aggressive molecular phenotype. In parallel to a better understanding of the molecular etiology of HCC, policy and planning initiatives to address the burden of HCC must be anchored within the reality of the limited resources available. Establishment and coordination of cancer registries across Africa is needed to improve the quality of data necessary to galvanize action. Preventive measures including hepatitis B vaccination programs, measures to prevent maternal-to-child and child-to-child transmission, delivery of universally accessible antiretroviral and antiviral treatments, and reduction of dietary aflatoxin exposure can contribute markedly to reduce HCC incidence. Finally, the development of biomarkers and new therapeutic interventions will need a better understanding of the unique genetic and epigenetic characteristics of HCC on the continent. We present a narrative review of HCC in Africa, discussing present and future trends.
The annealed-nanograin phase: A route to simultaneous increase of the conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient and high thermoelectric performance
Authors: Zianni X.
Published: November 2019

We introduce the annealed-nanograin (a-NG) phase effect and propose it as a new route to high thermoelectric performance. We support that in granular materials with small nanograins, the core of the grains (G-phase) and the grain boundaries (GB-phase) can be electrostatically coupled so that transport is dominated by a single phase, the a-NG phase. We show that concurrent increase in the mobility and the Seebeck coefficient can take place when originally defective nanograins are thermally annealed, because defect repair reduces scatterers in the core of the nanograins and concurrently stimulates more ionized impurities and higher energy barriers at the grain boundaries to fulfill charge neutrality. We compare the a-NG phase with the two phases of a composite grain (the G-phase and the GB-phase) and show that a transition takes place from dominant ionized impurity scattering to dominant phonon scattering. This transition is the signature of the formation of the a-NG phase and the thermoelectric power factor enhancement. Our model has been validated by interpretation of experimental observations in highly B-doped nanocrytalline films. Our findings can be used to engineer nanostructured materials with high thermoelectric performance.
Feasibility of shock-volume ignition approach in simple spherical targets driven by heavy ion beams
Authors: Sefareshi Mohaddeseh , Ghasemizad Abbas , Khoshbinfar Soheil , Rajabnejad Mohaddeseh
Published: November 2019

In this research, the new concept of the shock-volume ignition is proposed and then evaluated numerically by using a one-dimensional hydrodynamic code. The proposed model shows that it is possible to achieve higher energy gain with lower input energy inside the volume ignition framework by separating the compression and ignition stages as applied in the standard shock-ignition method. The current study intends to examine the optimum pulse shaping mode, the ignition conditions, and the physical aspects of the target performance in this new proposal for the typical simple spherical target designed previously for volume ignition studies driven by heavy-ion beams. Accordingly, a simple one-step pulse was replaced by a three-step pulse with a suitable time delay, beam power, and total input energy less than what we have used in the volume ignition correspondence. The optimal beam pulse duration and power of each stage were calculated, and the target energy gain of 72 is obtained. In addition, the required driver energy reduced by 0.74 MJ. Furthermore, the volume ignition condition with a low fuel temperature of 1.8 keV and a low implosion velocity of 1.4 × 107 cm/s was established. A twofold pressure rise due to appropriate pulse shaping was also obtained. Finally, by investigating the e-folding parameter on the fuel-pusher interface, it is found that by applying a three-step pulse, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability factor (<5) is not too dangerous in the deceleration phase. Therefore, it may be concluded that the fusion system dynamic is now more stable.
Band match enhanced current-in-plane giant magnetoresistance in epitaxial Co50Fe50/Cu multilayers with metastable bcc-Cu spacer
Authors: Fathoni Kresna B. , Sakuraba Yuya , Sasaki Taisuke , Miura Yoshio , Jung Jin W. , Nakatani Tomoya , Hono Kazuhiro
Published: November 2019

Although current in-plane giant magnetoresistance (CIP-GMR) is widely used as various magnetic field sensors, a higher magnetoresistance (MR) ratio is still required to improve their sensitivity and detectivity for certain applications. Here, we report dramatic enhancement of the MR ratio up to 26.5% in a spin valve device and 40.5% in an antiferromagnetically coupled trilayer device using fully epitaxial Co50Fe50/Cu/Co50Fe50 structures with metastable bcc-Cu spacer layers. Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated that the metastable bcc-Cu had a perfect lattice match at the bcc-Co50Fe50/bcc-Cu interfaces. First-principles calculations showed good electronic band matching that induces a large spin asymmetry of the electron transmittance in the in-plane direction. The combination of this substantial lattice match and electronic band match is attributed to the large MR ratio, suggesting that exploring the use of metastable structure in ferromagnetic/nonferromagnetic multilayers will lead to further enhancement of CIP-GMR.
Typical entanglement for Gaussian states
Authors: Fukuda Motohisa , Koenig Robert
Published: November 2019

We consider ensembles of bipartite states resulting from a random passive Gaussian unitary applied to a fiducial pure Gaussian state. We show that the symplectic spectra of the reduced density operators concentrate around that of a thermal state with the same energy. This implies, in particular, the concentration of the entanglement entropy as well as other entropy measures. Our work extends earlier results on the typicality of entanglement beyond the two ensembles and the reduced purity measure considered in the work of Serafini et al. [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 40, 9551 (2007)].
Group-IV 2D materials beyond graphene on nonmetal substrates: Challenges, recent progress, and future perspectives
Authors: Galbiati Miriam , Motta Nunzio , De Crescenzi Maurizio , Camilli Luca
Published: November 2019

The family of two-dimensional materials has been expanding rapidly over the last few years. Within it, a special place is occupied by silicene, germanene, and stanene due to their inherent compatibility with the existing semiconductor technology (notably for the case of silicene and germanene). Although obtaining them is not trivial due to the lack of layered bulk counterparts from which they could be mechanically exfoliated, they have been recently synthesized on a number of metallic substrates. The remarkable interaction between metals and these puckered materials, however, strongly modifies their intrinsic electronic properties, and also jeopardizes their integration into functional devices. In this context, first experimental efforts are now being devoted to the synthesis of silicene, germanene, and stanene on nonmetal substrates. Here, we review these pioneering works, present the ongoing debate, analyze, and discuss the major technical challenges and finally suggest possible novel solutions worth exploring.
Optomechanical gigahertz oscillator made of a two photon absorption free piezoelectric III/V semiconductor
Authors: Ghorbel Inès , Swiadek François , Zhu Rui , Dolfi Daniel , Lehoucq Gaëlle , Martin Aude , Moille Grégory , Morvan Loïc , Braive Rémy , Combrié Sylvain , De Rossi Alfredo
Published: November 2019

Oscillators in the gigahertz frequency range are key building blocks for telecommunication and positioning applications. Operating directly in the gigahertz while keeping high frequency stability and compactness is still an up-to-date challenge. Optomechanical crystals have demonstrated gigahertz frequency modes, thus gathering prerequisite features for using them as oscillators. Here, we report on the demonstration, in ambient atmospheric conditions, of an optomechanical crystal based on the concept of bichromatic lattice. It is made of InGaP, a low loss and TPA-free piezoelectric material, which makes it valuable for optomechanics. Self-sustained oscillations directly at 3 GHz are routinely achieved with a low optical power threshold of 40 μW and a short-term linewidth narrowed down to 100 Hz in agreement with phase noise measurements (−110 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz from the carrier) for free running optomechanical oscillators.
Quantitative phase imaging based on Fresnel diffraction from a phase plate
Authors: Ebrahimi Samira , Dashtdar Masoomeh
Published: November 2019

The structural complexity and instability of many interference phase microscopy methods are the major obstacles toward high-precision phase measurement. In this vein, improving more efficient configurations as well as proposing methods are the subjects of growing interest. Here, we introduce Fresnel diffraction from a phase step to the realm of quantitative phase imaging. By employing Fresnel diffraction of a divergent (or convergent) beam of light from a plane-parallel phase plate, we provide a viable, simple, and compact platform for three-dimensional imaging of micrometer-sized specimens. The recorded diffraction pattern of the outgoing light from an imaging system in the vicinity of the plate edge can be served as a hologram, which would be analyzed via the Fourier transform method to measure the sample phase information. The period of diffraction fringes is adjustable simply by rotating the plate without the reduction of both the field of view and fringe contrast. The high stability of the presented method is affirmatively confirmed through comparison of the result with that of the conventional Mach–Zehnder based digital holographic method. Quantitative phase measurements on silica microspheres, onion skins, and red blood cells ensure the validity of the method and its ability for monitoring nanometer-scale fluctuations of living cells, particularly in real-time.
Fabrication of silicon heterojunction solar cells with a boron-doped a-Si:H layer formed by catalytic impurity doping
Authors: Akiyama Katsuya , Ohdaira Keisuke
Published: November 2019

We investigate the effect of boron (B) catalytic impurity doping (Cat-doping), a low-temperature doping method by exposing to catalytically generated dopant radicals, on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films and the influence of the electrical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) films on the tunneling conduction of carriers through the ITO/a-Si:H interfaces. The usage of ITO films with higher carrier density and B Cat-doped a-Si:H films formed with the addition of H2 enhances carrier tunneling through the a-Si:H/ITO interfaces. We also evaluate the current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics of Si heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells with a B Cat-doped a-Si:H layer as an emitter layer. In the case of B Cat-doping with the addition of H2, we obtain a SHJ solar cell which shows a conversion efficiency (η) of 12.6% and an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 617 mV. The postannealing of the SHJ cells is effective to improve their Voc and η. These results will lead to the application of B Cat-doping on heterojunction back-contact solar cells in the future.
Tunable edge states in reconfigurable photonic crystals
Authors: Wang Hai-Xiao , Chen Huanyang , Jiang Jian-Hua , Guo Guang-Yu
Published: November 2019

We propose a reconfigurable photonic crystal based on split-ring structures, which hosts tunable edge states by controlling the rotation angle of the split-rings. The split-ring structure breaks the inversion symmetry and introduces a nontrivial Dirac mass in the otherwise gapless Dirac photonic spectrum. The sign of the Dirac mass depends on the rotation angle that thus introduces two topologically distinct phases. It is shown that an interface between two split-ring photonic crystals with opposite rotation angles supports gapped edge states. Despite the topologically trivial nature of the split-ring photonic crystal, the dispersion of the edge states is tunable through the rotation angle of the split-ring, making it useful in frequency-selective beam splitters. Our study provides an alternative way for the controlling of edge states and thus can be useful for future integrated photonic circuits.
p-brane Newton–Cartan geometry
Authors: Pereñiguez David
Published: November 2019

We provide a formal definition of p-brane Newton–Cartan (pNC) geometry and establish some foundational results. Our approach is the same followed in the literature for foundations of Newton–Cartan gravity. Our results provide control of aspects of pNC geometry that are otherwise unclear when using the usual gauge language of nonrelativistic theories of gravity. In particular, we obtain a set of necessary and sufficient conditions that a pNC structure must satisfy in order to admit torsion-free, compatible affine connections and determine the space formed by the latter. This is summarized in Theorem 3.1. Since pNC structures interpolate between Leibnizian structures for p = 0 and Lorentzian structures for p = d − 1 (with d being the dimension of the spacetime manifold), the present work also constitutes a generalization of results of Newton–Cartan and (pseudo-)Riemannian geometry.
The current-induced heat generation in a quantum dot with Andreev-Fano resonance
Authors: Jiang Feng , Yan Yonghong , Wang Shikuan , Yan Yijing
Published: November 2019

Triggered by the motivation of conquering the heat bottleneck facing nanoelectronics, we studied the current-induced heat generation in a quantum dot (QD) with the Andreev-Fano (AF) resonance. In the strong electron-phonon interaction regime, the formula of steady heat generation is extended by Nambu representation of nonequilibrium Green’s functions. The numerical results demonstrate that for the Normal metal-[Insulator (I), QD]-Superconductor ring, (i) the exact phase locking property of current is destroyed, so is that of heat generation; (ii) the AF resonance with phonon emission plays a vital role in the heating at both T=0 K and T>0 K; and (iii) the modulation to the heat generation by the magnetic flux acts in a variety of ways for the different effective dot level at the different temperature. We conclude that at both T=0 K and T>0 K, when the effective dot level is aligned to the Fermi level of the superconducting electrode, the performance of the device becomes optimal.
Jet-cooled rovibrational spectroscopy of methoxyphenols using two complementary FTIR and QCL based spectrometers
Authors: Asselin P. , Bruckhuisen J. , Roucou A. , Goubet M. , Martin-Drumel M.-A. , Jabri A. , Belkhodja Y. , Soulard P. , Georges R. , Cuisset A.
Published: November 2019

Methoxyphenols (MPs) are a significant component of biomass burning emissions which mainly exists in our atmosphere in the gas phase where they contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Rovibrational spectroscopy is a promising tool to monitor atmospheric MPs and infer their role in SOA formation. In this study, we bring a new perspective on the rovibrational analysis of MP isomers by taking advantage of two complementary devices combining jet-cooled environments and absorption spectroscopy: the Jet-AILES and the SPIRALES setups. Based on Q-branch frequency positions measured in the Jet-AILES Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and guided by quantum chemistry calculations, we propose an extended vibrational and conformational analysis of the different MP isomers in their fingerprint region. Some modes such as far-IR out-of-plane –OH bending or mid-IR in-plane –CH bending allow us to assign individually all the stable conformers. Finally, using the SPIRALES setup with three different external cavity quantum cascade laser sources centered on the 930–990 cm−1 and the 1580–1690 cm−1 ranges, it was possible to proceed to the rovibrational analysis of the ν18 ring in-plane bending mode of the MP meta isomer providing a set of reliable excited state parameters, which confirms the correct assignment of two conformers. Interestingly, the observation of broad Q-branches without visible P- and R-branches in the region of the C–C ring stretching bands was interpreted as being probably due to a vibrational perturbation. These results highlight the complementarity of broadband FTIR and narrowband laser spectroscopic techniques to reveal the vibrational conformational signatures of atmospheric compounds over a large infrared spectral range.
ROS-mediated PI3K activation drives mitochondrial transfer from stromal cells to hematopoietic stem cells in response to infection
Authors: Mistry Jayna J. , Marlein Christopher R. , Moore Jamie A. , Hellmich Charlotte , Wojtowicz Edyta E. , Smith James G. W. , Macaulay Iain , Sun Yu , Morfakis Adam , Patterson Angela , Horton Rebecca H. , Divekar Devina , Morris Christopher J. , Haestier Anna , Di Palma Federica , Beraza Naiara , Bowles Kristian M. , Rushworth Stuart A.
Published: November 2019

Significance

How blood stem cells within the bone marrow respond to infection is still unclear. Here we study if mitochondrial transfer from the stromal cells to blood stem cells is required for the rapid generation of leukocytes which are required for the immune system to respond to bacterial infection. We find that mitochondria are transferred to blood stem cells within 2 h of sensing infection and show that direct contact between stromal cells and blood stem cells is required for mitochondrial transfer to occur. The metabolic changes that follow mitochondrial transfer into hematopoietic stem cells underpin the rapid mammalian response to infection. Finally, we find that, if mitochondrial transfer is blocked, an increase in bacterial colonization in the mammalian system occurs.
Wisconsin immigrant letters
Authors: Bagwell Angela , Litty Samantha , Olson Mike
Published: November 2019

This chapter outlines German transfer to Wisconsin English based on the analysis of ego-documents written by German immigrants
and their descendants to Wisconsin in the nineteenth century. The analysis of 111 letters from four generations of a German-American family
revealed 450 instances indicative of German transfer to English. Using these documents, we show how native German speakers learning English
transferred German-like features and structures (phonological, syntactic, and semantic transfer) to their English and how some of these
transfers remain in the regional English today. This is supplemented by an additional 101 letters from another family and their acquaintances
in Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. These additional documents exhibit similar patterns of transfer, indicating that the
transfer is not due to regional differences, but likely due to other factors such as generational language shift.
‘[T]his is all answer soon’
Authors: Siebers Lucia
Published: November 2019

This chapter examines data from the Corpus of Older African American Letters from which two types sets of letters are in focus.
The first set of letters was written at the end of the eighteenth in Rhode Island and represent the oldest records by African Americans
themselves. While little is known about African American English in the North, the preliminary results show that vernacular features commonly
associated with (Southern) African American English are also attested for the North. The second set are letters from two members of the
Skipwith family who migrated to Liberia and who kept in touch with their former master. The analysis of the correspondence reveals that father
and daughter share a very similar group of dialectal features. However, a closer analysis of selected concord features gives evidence of
change in progress in the first decade after emigration, which can be explained by the participation in different networks and which testifies
to the value of a well documented family correspondene for historical sociolinguistics.
Modified embedded-atom method potential for high-temperature crystal-melt properties of Ti–Ni alloys and its application to phase field simulation of solidification
Authors: Kavousi Sepideh , Novak Brian R , Baskes Michael I , Zaeem Mohsen Asle , Moldovan Dorel
Published: November 2019

We developed new interatomic potentials, based on the second nearest-neighbor modified embedded-atom method (2NN-MEAM) formalism, for Ti, Ni, and the binary Ti–Ni system. These potentials were fit to melting points, latent heats, the binary phase diagrams for the Ti rich and Ni rich regions, and the liquid phase enthalpy of mixing for binary alloys, therefore they are particularly suited for calculations of crystal-melt (CM) interface thermodynamic and transport properties. The accuracy of the potentials for pure Ti and pure Ni were tested against both 0 K and high temperature properties by comparing various properties obtained from experiments or density functional theory calculations including structural properties, elastic constants, point-defect properties, surface energies, temperatures and enthalpies of phase transformations, and diffusivity and viscosity in the liquid phase. The fitted binary potential for Ti–Ni was also tested against various non-fitted properties at 0 K and high temperatures including lattice parameters, formation energies of different intermetallic compounds, and the temperature dependence of liquid density at various concentrations. The CM interfacial free energies obtained from simulations, based on the newly developed Ti–Ni potential, show that the bcc alloys tend to have smaller anisotropy compared with fcc alloys which is consistent with the finding from the previous studies comparing single component bcc and fcc materials. Moreover, the interfacial free energy and its anisotropy for Ti-2 atom% Ni were also used to parameterize a 2D phase field (PF) model utilized in solidification simulations. The PF simulation predictions of microstructure development during solidification are in good agreement with a geometric model for dendrite primary arm spacing.
Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S): an overview
Authors: Gan Wei-Qun , Zhu Cheng , Deng Yuan-Yong , Li Hui , Su Yang , Zhang Hai-Ying , Chen Bo , Zhang Zhe , Wu Jian , Deng Lei , Huang Yu , Yang Jian-Feng , Cui Ji-Jun , Chang Jin , Wang Chi , Wu Ji , Yin Zeng-Shan , Chen Wen , Fang Cheng , Yan Yi-Hua , Lin Jun , Xiong Wei-Ming , Chen Bin , Bao Hai-Chao , Cao Cai-Xia , Bai Yan-Ping , Wang Tao , Chen Bing-Long , Li Xin-Yu , Zhang Ye , Feng Li , Su Jiang-Tao , Li Ying , Chen Wei , Li You-Ping , Su Ying-Na , Wu Hai-Yan , Gu Mei , Huang Lei , Tang Xue-Jun
Published: November 2019

The Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) is a mission proposed for the 25th solar maximum by the Chinese solar community. The scientific objectives are to study the relationships between the solar magnetic field, solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Three payloads are deployed: the Full-disk vector MagnetoGraph (FMG), the Lyman-α Solar Telescope (LST) and the Hard X-ray Imager (HXI). ASO-S will perform the first simultaneous observations of the photospheric vector magnetic field, non-thermal imaging of solar flares, and the initiation and early propagation of CMEs on a single platform. ASO-S is scheduled to be launched into a 720 km Sun-synchronous orbit in 2022. This paper presents an overview of the mission till the end of Phase-B and the beginning of Phase-C.
The Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) for the ASO-S mission — I. Scientific objectives and overview
Authors: Li Hui , Chen Bo , Feng Li , Li Ying , Huang Yu , Li Jing-Wei , Lu Lei , Xue Jian-Chao , Ying Bei-Li , Zhao Jie , Yang Yu-Tong , Gan Wei-Qun , Fang Cheng , Song Ke-Fei , Wang Hong , Guo Quan-Feng , He Ling-Ping , Zhu Bo , Zhu Cheng , Deng Lei , Bao Hai-Chao , Cao Cai-Xia , Yang Zhong-Guang
Published: November 2019

As one of the payloads for the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) mission, the Lyman-alpha (Lyα) Solar Telescope (LST) is aimed at imaging the Sun and the inner corona up to 2.5R⊙(mean solar radius) in both the Lyα(121.6 nm) and visible wavebands with high temporo-spatial resolution, mainly targeting solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and filaments/prominences. LST observations allow us to trace solar eruptive phenomena from the disk center to the inner corona, to study the relationships between eruptive prominences/filaments, solar flares and CMEs, to explore the dynamical processes and evolution of solar eruptions, to diagnose solar winds, and to derive physical parameters of the solar atmosphere. LST is actually an instrument suite, which consists of a Solar Disk Imager (SDI), a Solar Corona Imager (SCI), aWhite-light Solar Telescope (WST) and two Guide Telescopes (GTs). This is the first paper in a series of LST-related papers. In this paper, we introduce the scientific objectives, present an overview of the LST payload and describe the planned observations. The detailed design and data along with potential diagnostics are described in the second (Paper II) and third (Paper III) papers, respectively, appearing in this issue.
The Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) for the ASO-S mission – II. design of LST
Authors: Chen Bo , Li Hui , Song Ke-Fei , Guo Quan-Feng , Zhang Pei-Jie , He Ling-Ping , Dai Shuang , Wang Xiao-Dong , Wang Hai-Feng , Liu Chun-Long , Zhang Hong-Ji , Zhang Guang , Wang Yunqi , Liu Shi-Jie , Zhang Hong-Xin , Liu Lei , Mao Shi-Lei , Liu Yang , Peng Jia-Hao , Wang Peng , Sun Liang , Liu Yang , Han Zhen-Wei , Wang Yan-Long , Wu Kun , Ding Guang-Xing , Zhou Peng , Zheng Xin , Xia Ming-Yi , Wu Qing-Wen , Xie Jin-Jiang , Chen Ya , Song Shu-Mei , Wang Hong , Zhu Bo , Chu Chang-Bo , Yang Wen-Gang , Feng Li , Huang Yu , Gan Wei-Qun , Li Ying , Li Jing-Wei , Lu Lei , Xue Jian-Chao , Ying Bei-Li , Sun Ming-Zhe , Zhu Cheng , Bao Wei-Min , Deng Lei , Yin Zeng-Shan
Published: November 2019

As one of the three payloads for the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) mission, the Lyman-alpha (Lyα) Solar Telescope (LST) is composed of three instruments: a Solar Corona Imager (SCI), a Lyα Solar Disk Imager (SDI) and a full-disk White-light Solar Telescope (WST). When working in-orbit, LST will simultaneously perform high-resolution imaging observations of all regions from the solar disk to the inner corona up to 2.5 R⊙ (R⊙ stands for the mean solar radius) with a spatial resolution of 4.8″ and 1.2″ for coronal and disk observations, respectively, and a temporal resolution of 30 – 120 s and 1 – 120 s for coronal and disk observations, respectively. The maximum exposure time can be up to 20 s due to precise pointing and image stabilization function. Among the three telescopes of LST, SCI is a dual-waveband coronagraph simultaneously and independently observing the inner corona in the HI Lyα (121.6±10 nm) line and white light (WL) (700±40 nm) wavebands by using a narrowband Lyα beam splitter and has a field of view (FOV) from 1.1 to 2.5 R⊙. The stray-light suppression level can attain <10−6 B⊙ (B⊙ is the mean brightness of the solar disk) at 1.1 R⊙ and ≤5×10−8 B⊙ at 2.5 R⊙. SDI and WST are solar disk imagers working in the Lyα line and 360.0 nm wavebands, respectively, which adopt an off-axis two-mirror reflective structure with an FOV up to 1.2 R⊙, covering the inner coronal edge area and relating to coronal imaging. We present the up-to-date design for the LST payload.
The Science Operations and Data Center (SODC) of the ASO-S mission
Authors: Huang Yu , Li Hui , Gan Wei-Qun , Li You-Ping , Su Jiang-Tao , Deng Yuan-Yong , Feng Li , Su Yang , Chen Wei , Lei Shi-Jun , Li Ying , Ge Yun-Yi , Su Ying-Na , Liu Si-Ming , Zang Jing-Jing , Xu Zun-Lei , Bai Xian-Yong , Li Jing-Wei
Published: November 2019

A ground data analysis center is very important to the success of a mission. We introduce the Science Operations and Data Center (SODC) for the ASO-Smission, which consists of a scientific operation subcenter, a data management subcenter, a data analysis subcenter and a user service subcenter. Themission planning process, instrument observation modes and the data volume are presented. We describe the data flow and processing procedures from spacecraft telemetry to high-level science data, and the long-term archival as well. The data policy and distributions are also briefly introduced.
Smart gas sensor arrays powered by artificial intelligence
Authors: Chen Zhesi , Chen Zhuo , Song Zhilong , Ye Wenhao , Fan Zhiyong
Published: November 2019

Mobile robots behaving as humans should possess multifunctional flexible sensing systems including vision, hearing, touch, smell, and taste. A gas sensor array (GSA), also known as electronic nose, is a possible solution for a robotic olfactory system that can detect and discriminate a wide variety of gas molecules. Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to an electronic nose involves a diverse set of machine learning algorithms which can generate a smell print by analyzing the signal pattern from the GSA. A combination of GSA and AI algorithms can empower intelligent robots with great capabilities in many areas such as environmental monitoring, gas leakage detection, food and beverage production and storage, and especially disease diagnosis through detection of different types and concentrations of target gases with the advantages of portability, low-power-consumption and ease-of-operation. It is exciting to envisage robots equipped with a "nose" acting as family doctor who will guard every family member's health and keep their home safe. In this review, we give a summary of the state-of the-art research progress in the fabrication techniques for GSAs and typical algorithms employed in artificial olfactory systems, exploring their potential applications in disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and explosive detection. We also discuss the key limitations of gas sensor units and their possible solutions. Finally, we present the outlook of GSAs over the horizon of smart homes and cities.