bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Enterococcus malodoratus SJC25 for the Manufacture of Whey-Based Beverage Naturally Enriched with GABA
Authors: Cunha Daniela S. , Coelho Márcia C. , Ribeiro Susana C. , Silva Celia C. G.
Published: February 2022

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is used as a dietary supplement because of its health-promoting properties. However, concern over the use of synthetic products has increased the demand for foods that are naturally fortified with GABA. In addition, excess whey is a major concern for the dairy industry due to the high cost of treating it. Here, we report the use of a novel Enterococcus malodoratus strain isolated from cheese to produce sweet whey beverages naturally enriched with GABA. After the screening of cheese isolates, E. malodoratus strains were identified as high GABA producers. One beverage was prepared from pasteurized sweet whey enriched in glutamic acid and E. malodoratus SJC25. The fermented beverages were supplemented with a fruit preparation and subjected to chemical, microbiological and sensory analysis. The bacterial counts and GABA content were maintained until storage at 4 °C for 14 days. High conversion rates of glutamic acid to GABA (50–71%) were obtained in the beverages. The GABA content in whey-based beverages reached 250–300 mg/100 mL, which is equivalent to the content of commercially available GABA supplements. The beverages received a positive rating (4/5) by the taste panel. To our knowledge, this is the first report on E. malodoratus as a potential GABA producer.
COVID-19 Study on Scientific Articles in Health Communication: A Science Mapping Analysis in Web of Science
Authors: de las Heras-Pedrosa Carlos , Jambrino-Maldonado Carmen , Rando-Cueto Dolores , Iglesias-Sánchez Patricia P.
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause a collapse in the health systems and econo-mies of many countries around the world, after 2 years of struggle and with the number of cases still growing exponentially. Health communication has become as essential and necessary for control of the pandemic as epidemiology. This bibliometric analysis identifies existing contributions, jointly studying health communication and the pandemic in scientific journals indexed. A systematic search of the Web of Science was performed, using keywords related to COVID-19 and health communication. Data extracted included the type of study, journal, number of citations, number of authors, country of publication, and study content. As the number of scientific investigations has grown, it is necessary to delve into the areas in which the most impactful publications have been generated. The results show that the scientific community has been quick to react by generating an extraordinary volume of publications. This review provides a comprehensive mapping of contributions to date, showing how research approaches have evolved in parallel with the pandemic. In 2020, concepts related to mental health, mass communication, misinformation and communication risk were more used. In 2021, vaccination, infodemic, risk perception, social distancing and telemedicine were the most prevalent keywords. By highlighting the main topics, authors, manuscripts and journals since the origin of COVID-19, the authors hope to disseminate information that can help researchers to identify subsisting knowledge gaps and a number of future research opportunities.
Using the “Surprise Question” to Predict Frailty and Healthcare Outcomes among Older Adults Attending the Emergency Department
Authors: Gaffney Laura , Jonsson Agnes , Judge Conor , Costello Maria , O’Donnell John , O’Caoimh Rónán
Published: February 2022

The “surprise question” (SQ) predicts the need for palliative care. Its predictive validity for adverse healthcare outcomes and its association with frailty among older people attending the emergency department (ED) are unknown. We conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective study of consecutive patients aged ≥70 attending a university hospital’s ED. The SQ was scored by doctors before an independent comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). Outcomes included length of stay (LOS), frailty determined by CGA and one-year mortality. The SQ was available for 191 patients, whose median age was 79 ± 9. In all, 56/191 (29%) screened SQ positive. SQ positive patients were frailer; the median clinical frailty score was 6/9 (compared to 4/9, p < 0.001); they had longer LOS (p = 0.008); and they had higher mortality (p < 0.001). Being SQ positive was associated with 2.6 times greater odds of admission and 8.9 times odds of frailty. After adjustment for age, sex, frailty, co-morbidity and presenting complaint, patients who were SQ positive had significantly reduced survival times (hazard ratio 5.6; 95% CI: 1.39–22.3, p = 0.015). Almost one-third of older patients attending ED were identified as SQ positive. These were frailer and more likely to be admitted, have reduced survival times and have prolonged LOS. The SQ is useful to quickly stratify older patients likely to experience poor outcomes in ED.
A Subject-Tailored Variability-Based Platform for Overcoming the Plateau Effect in Sports Training: A Narrative Review
Authors: Gelman Ram , Berg Marc , Ilan Yaron
Published: February 2022

The plateau effect in training is a significant obstacle for professional athletes and average subjects. It evolves from both the muscle-nerve-axis-associated performance and various cardiorespiratory parameters. Compensatory adaptation mechanisms contribute to a lack of continuous improvement with most exercise regimens. Attempts to overcome this plateau in exercise have been only partially successful, and it remains a significant unmet need in both healthy subjects and those suffering from chronic neuromuscular, cardiopulmonary, and metabolic diseases. Variability patterns characterize many biological processes, from cellular to organ levels. The present review discusses the significant obstacles in overcoming the plateau in training and establishes a platform to implement subject-tailored variability patterns to prevent and overcome this plateau in muscle and cardiorespiratory performance.
Best of Intentions: Influential Factors in Infant Feeding Intent among Marshallese Pregnant Women
Authors: Ayers Britni L. , Purvis Rachel S. , White Alexis , CarlLee Sheena , Andersen Jennifer A. , Bogulski Cari A. , McElfish Pearl A.
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the beliefs, intentions, and influences that serve as barriers and facilitators to exclusive breastfeeding intent among Marshallese pregnant women in the United States (US). The study used a descriptive qualitative design. In total, 36 Marshallese women in their third trimester of pregnancy participated. Participants described exclusive breastfeeding as the preferred method of infant feeding, from both individual and community perspectives. Exclusive breastfeeding was viewed as the healthiest for the infant, viewed as offering protection against sickness, and viewed as better for the overall development of the infant. Of the 36 participants, 28 participants (77.8%) stated that their infant feeding intentions included a hybrid of breastfeeding and formula feeding. The dominant barrier to exclusive breastfeeding was the need to work outside of the home. Unexpected barriers to exclusive breastfeeding were the desire for autonomy and a preference to exclusively breastfeed female infants more than male infants. Exclusive breastfeeding facilitators included support from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children and support and encouragement from female family/community members. This study is the first to document beliefs, intentions, and influences that serve as barriers and facilitators to exclusive breastfeeding among Marshallese pregnant women residing in the US.
Characterisation of Endogenous Peptides Present in Virgin Olive Oil
Authors: Lopez-Huertas Eduardo , Alcaide-Hidalgo Juan M.
Published: February 2022

The low molecular weight peptide composition of virgin olive oil (VOO) is mostly unknown. We aimed to investigate the composition of the endogenous peptides present in VOO, the protein sources from which those peptides originate and their biological activities. A water-soluble extract containing peptides was obtained from VOO. The peptides were separated by size-exclusion using fast protein liquid chromatography, and the low molecular weight fraction (1600–700 kDa) was analysed by nanoscale liquid chromatography Orbitrap coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and de novo sequencing. Nineteen new peptides were identified by Peaks database algorithm, using the available Olea europaea (cv. Farga) genome database. Eight new peptides were also identified by Peaks de novo sequencing. The protein sources of the peptides detected in the database by Peaks DB were identified by BLAST-P search. Seed storage proteins were among the most frequent sources of VOO peptides. BIOPEP software was used to predict the biological activities of peptides and to simulate (in silico) the proteolytic activity of digestive enzymes on the detected peptide sequences. A selection of synthetic peptides was obtained for investigation of their bioactivities. Peptides VCGEAFGKA, NALLCSNS, CPANGFY, CCYSVY and DCHYFL possessed strong ACE-inhibitory and antioxidant activities in vitro. Antioxidant peptides could play a role in VOO quality.
Evaluation of Controlled Ovarian Stimulation Protocols in Patients with Normal and Low Ovarian Reserve: Analyses of miRNAs and Selected Target Genes Involved in the Proliferation of Human Cumulus Cells and Oocyte Quality
Authors: Russo Giulia , Notarstefano Valentina , Montik Nina , Gioacchini Giorgia , Giorgini Elisabetta , Polidori Anna Rita , Candela Fulvia Antonia , Ciavattini Andrea , Cignitti Maurizio , Carnevali Oliana
Published: February 2022

The oocyte and the surrounding cumulus cells (CCs) are deeply linked by a complex bidirectional cross-talk. In this light, the molecular analysis of the CCs is nowadays considered to be precious in providing information on oocyte quality. It is now clear that miRNAs play a key role in several ovarian functions, such as folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and ovulation. Thus, in this study, specific miRNAs, together with their target genes, were selected and investigated in CCs to assess the response of patients with normal (NR) and low (LR) ovarian reserve to two different controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocols, based on rFSH and hMG. Moreover, a Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) analysis was performed to evaluate DNA conformational changes in CCs and to relate them with the two COS protocols. The results evidenced a modulation of the expression of miRNAs and related target genes involved in CCs’ proliferation, in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, genomic integrity, and oocyte quality, with different effects according to the ovarian reserve of patients. Moreover, the COS protocols determined differences in DNA conformation and the methylation state. In particular, the results clearly showed that treatment with rFSH is the most appropriate in NR patients with normal ovarian reserve, while treatment with hMG appears to be the most suitable in LR patients with low ovarian reserve.
The Proteolysis of ECM in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Liang Huaizhen , Luo Rongjin , Li Gaocai , Zhang Weifeng , Song Yu , Yang Cao
Published: February 2022

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a pathological process that commonly occurs throughout the human life span and is a major cause of lower back pain. Better elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in disc degeneration could provide a theoretical basis for the development of lumbar disc intervention strategies. In recent years, extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis has received much attention due to its relevance to the mechanical properties of IVDs. ECM proteolysis mediated by a variety of proteases is involved in the pathological process of disc degeneration. Here, we discuss in detail the relationship between the IVD as well as the ECM and the role of ECM proteolysis in the degenerative process of the IVD. Targeting ECM proteolysis-associated proteases may be an effective means of intervention in IDD.
Magnesium Modified β-Tricalcium Phosphate Induces Cell Osteogenic Differentiation In Vitro and Bone Regeneration In Vivo
Authors: Salamanca Eisner , Pan Yu-Hwa , Sun Ying-Sui , Hsueh Hao-Wen , Dorj Odontuya , Yao Wan-Ling , Lin Jerry Chin-Yi , Teng Nai-Chia , Watanabe Ikki , Abe Shinichi , Wu Yi-Fan , Chang Wei-Jen
Published: February 2022

In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies have shown how the physicochemical and biological properties of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) work in bone regeneration. This study aimed to improve the properties of β-TCP by achieving optimum surface and bulk β-TCP chemical/physical properties through the hydrothermal addition of magnesium (Mg) and to later establish the biocompatibility of β-TCP/Mg for bone grafting and tissue engineering treatments. Multiple in vitro and in vivo analyses were used to complete β-TCP/Mg physicochemical and biological characterization. The addition of MgO brought about a modest rise in the number of β-TCP surface particles, indicating improvements in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity on day 21 (p < 0.05) and in the WST-1assay on all days (p < 0.05), with a corresponding increase in the upregulation of ALP and bone sialoprotein. SEM analyses stated that the surfaces of the β-TCP particles were not altered after the addition of Mg. Micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis from rabbit calvaria critical defects resulted in β-TCP/Mg managing to reform more new bone than the control defects and β-TCP control at 2, 6, and 8 weeks (* p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, and **** p ≤ 0.0001). The hydrothermal addition of MgO to the β-TCP surfaces ameliorated its biocompatibility without altering its surface roughness resulting from the elemental composition while enhancing cell viability and proliferation, inducing more bone regeneration by osteoconduction in vivo and osteoblastic differentiation in vitro.
Type 1 Diabetes Impairs Cardiomyocyte Contractility in the Left and Right Ventricular Free Walls but Preserves It in the Interventricular Septum
Authors: Khokhlova Anastasia , Myachina Tatiana , Volzhaninov Denis , Butova Xenia , Kochurova Anastasia , Berg Valentina , Gette Irina , Moroz Gleb , Klinova Svetlana , Minigalieva Ilzira , Solovyova Olga , Danilova Irina , Sokolova Ksenia , Kopylova Galina , Shchepkin Daniil
Published: February 2022

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) leads to ischemic heart disease and diabetic cardiomyopathy. We tested the hypothesis that T1D differently affects the contractile function of the left and right ventricular free walls (LV, RV) and the interventricular septum (IS) using a rat model of alloxan-induced T1D. Single-myocyte mechanics and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration transients were studied on cardiomyocytes (CM) from LV, RV, and IS in the absence and presence of mechanical load. In addition, we analyzed the phosphorylation level of sarcomeric proteins and the characteristics of the actin-myosin interaction. T1D similarly affected the characteristics of actin-myosin interaction in all studied regions, decreasing the sliding velocity of native thin filaments over myosin in an in vitro motility assay and its Ca2+ sensitivity. A decrease in the thin-filament velocity was associated with increased expression of β-myosin heavy-chain isoform. However, changes in the mechanical function of single ventricular CM induced by T1D were different. T1D depressed the contractility of CM from LV and RV; it decreased the auxotonic tension amplitude and the slope of the active tension–length relationship. Nevertheless, the contractile function of CM from IS was principally preserved.
Growth Repressor GmRAV Binds to the GmGA3ox Promoter to Negatively Regulate Plant Height Development in Soybean
Authors: Xue Yongguo , Zhang Yuntong , Shan Jinming , Ji Yujia , Zhang Xiaoming , Li Wenbin , Li Dongmei , Zhao Lin
Published: February 2022

Plant height is an important component of plant architecture, and significantly affects crop quality and yield. A soybean GmRAV (Related to ABI3/VP1) transcription factor containing both AP2 and B3 domains is a growth repressor. Three GmRAV-overexpressing (GmRAV-ox) transgenic lines displayed extremely shorter height and shortened internodes compared with control plants, whereas transgenic inhibition of GmRAV expression resulted in increased plant height. GmRAV-ox soybean plants showed a low active gibberellin level and the dwarf phenotype could be rescued by treatment with exogenous GA3 treatment. ChIP (Chromatin immunoprecipitation)-qPCR assay showed that GmRAV could directly regulate the expression of the GA4 biosynthetic genes GA3-oxidase (GmGA3ox) by binding two CAACA motifs in the GmGA3ox promoter. The GmGA3ox promoter was bound by GmRAV, whose expression levels in leaves were both elevated in GmRAV-i-3 and decreased in GmRAV-ox-7 soybean plants. Transient expression assay in N. benthamiana also showed that the proGmRAV:GmRAV-3F6H effector strongly repressed the expression of LUC reporter gene driven by GmGA3ox promoter containing two CAACA motifs. Together, our results suggested that GmRAV protein repressed the expression of GmGA3ox by directly binding to the two CAACA motifs in the promoter to limit soybean plant height.
GFP–Margatoxin, a Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Ligand to Probe Affinity of Kv1.3 Channel Blockers
Authors: Denisova Kristina R. , Orlov Nikita A. , Yakimov Sergey A. , Kryukova Elena A. , Dolgikh Dmitry A. , Kirpichnikov Mikhail P. , Feofanov Alexey V. , Nekrasova Oksana V.
Published: February 2022

Peptide pore blockers and their fluorescent derivatives are useful molecular probes to study the structure and functions of the voltage-gated potassium Kv1.3 channel, which is considered as a pharmacological target in the treatment of autoimmune and neurological disorders. We present Kv1.3 fluorescent ligand, GFP–MgTx, constructed on the basis of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and margatoxin (MgTx), the peptide, which is widely used in physiological studies of Kv1.3. Expression of the fluorescent ligand in E. coli cells resulted in correctly folded and functionally active GFP–MgTx with a yield of 30 mg per 1 L of culture. Complex of GFP–MgTx with the Kv1.3 binding site is reported to have the dissociation constant of 11 ± 2 nM. GFP–MgTx as a component of an analytical system based on the hybrid KcsA–Kv1.3 channel is shown to be applicable to recognize Kv1.3 pore blockers of peptide origin and to evaluate their affinities to Kv1.3. GFP–MgTx can be used in screening and pre-selection of Kv1.3 channel blockers as potential drug candidates.
Intramolecular Charge Transfer of Curcumin and Solvation Dynamics of DMSO Probed by Time-Resolved Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Jen Myungsam , Lee Sebok , Lee Gisang , Lee Daedu , Pang Yoonsoo
Published: February 2022

Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) of curcumin in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution in the excited state was investigated by femtosecond electronic and vibrational spectroscopy. Excited-state Raman spectra of curcumin in the locally-excited and charge-transferred (CT) state of the S1 excited state were separated due to high temporal (<50 fs) and spectral (<10 cm−1) resolutions of femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy. The ultrafast (0.6–0.8 ps) ICT and subsequent vibrational relaxation (6–9 ps) in the CT state were ubiquitously observed in the ground- and excited-state vibrational modes of the solute curcumin and the νCSC and νS=O modes of solvent DMSO. The ICT of curcumin in the excited state was preceded by the disruption of the solvation shells, including the breakage of hydrogen bonding between curcumin and DMSO molecules, which occurs at the ultrafast (20–50 fs) time scales.
Optogenetic and Chemical Induction Systems for Regulation of Transgene Expression in Plants: Use in Basic and Applied Research
Authors: Omelina Evgeniya S. , Yushkova Anastasiya A. , Motorina Daria M. , Volegov Grigorii A. , Kozhevnikova Elena N. , Pindyurin Alexey V.
Published: February 2022

Continuous and ubiquitous expression of foreign genes sometimes results in harmful effects on the growth, development and metabolic activities of plants. Tissue-specific promoters help to overcome this disadvantage, but do not allow one to precisely control transgene expression over time. Thus, inducible transgene expression systems have obvious benefits. In plants, transcriptional regulation is usually driven by chemical agents under the control of chemically-inducible promoters. These systems are diverse, but usually contain two elements, the chimeric transcription factor and the reporter gene. The commonly used chemically-induced expression systems are tetracycline-, steroid-, insecticide-, copper-, and ethanol-regulated. Unlike chemical-inducible systems, optogenetic tools enable spatiotemporal, quantitative and reversible control over transgene expression with light, overcoming limitations of chemically-inducible systems. This review updates and summarizes optogenetic and chemical induction methods of transgene expression used in basic plant research and discusses their potential in field applications.
A Low Order Flow Network Model for Double-Wall Effusion Cooling Systems
Authors: van de Noort Michael , Ireland Peter
Published: February 2022

The high pressure turbine nozzle guide vane of a modern aeroengine experiences large heat loads and thus requires both highly effective internal and external cooling. This can be accomplished with double-wall effusion cooling, which combines impingement, pin-fin and effusion cooling. The combination of three cooling mechanisms causes high pressure losses, increasing potential for the migration of coolant towards low pressure regions, subsequently starving effusion holes on the leading edge of coolant supply. This paper presents a low order flow network model to rapidly assess the pressure and mass flow distributions through such cooling schemes for a flexible set of geometric and flow conditions. The model is subsequently validated by a series of experiments with varying mainstream pressure gradients. Results from the model are used to indicate design parameters to reduce the effect of coolant migration, and to minimise the risk of destructive hot gas ingestion.
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of JCM in 2021
Authors:   JCM Editorial Office
Published: February 2022

Rigorous peer-reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing [...]
Dynamics of Water, Salt, and Nutrients Exchange at the Inlets of Three Coastal Lagoons
Authors: Zoidou Maria , Kokkos Nikolaos , Sylaios Georgios
Published: February 2022

The intertidal patterns at the inlet of three coastal lagoons (Agiasma, Porto Lagos, and Xirolimni) in Northern Greece were investigated by combining in situ samplings and computational efforts. These lagoons are Mediterranean, microtidal coastal systems, connected with the adjacent open sea (Thracian Sea) through their inlet canals and are highly affected by the lagoon–sea exchange processes. Limited freshwater enters their basins, mostly due to precipitation and agricultural drainage. An intense monitoring program of water flow and quality at the mouth of the three lagoons was carried out, aiming to quantify the transport mechanisms of water, salt, and nutrients across the inlet canal under different tidal/meteorological conditions. Ebb currents were recorded higher than flood currents, and the temporal variability of the longitudinal velocity was characterized by asymmetries. Residual currents were important to the water exchange, with the Eulerian water, salt, and nutrient fluxes being an order of magnitude larger than the Stokes drift. Eulerian transport and tidal pumping are considered as important mechanisms for salt and nutrients exchange through the inlets. The return flow factor varied from 1 to 17.5% of the water exiting the lagoons in ebb, while the residence time ranged from 0.7 days to 4.2 days.
The Presence of Foreign Capital and the Internationalization of Portuguese Industrial SMEs
Authors: Pacheco Luís , Lobo Carla , Maldonado Isabel
Published: February 2022

The objective of this paper is to empirically examine the relationship between the firms’ ownership and control structure, in particular the presence of foreign capital, and their internationalization levels, measured in terms of intensity and diversification. The international performance of Portuguese SMEs, which is crucial for the domestic economy’s growth, depends on a multitude of factors, with the existence of foreign investment inflows directed to industrial SMEs being a usually forgotten factor. This paper fills that gap using a balanced panel data of 5722 firms for the period from 2010 to 2017, researching if the presence of foreign capital influences the level and scope of internationalization, and controlling the effects of other variables such as profitability, age, size, indebtedness and sector of activity. The origin of foreign capital is also considered, being researched if issues of institutional or development differences exert any influence over firms’ internationalization. The results evidence that the presence of foreign shareholders in SMEs positively influences internationalization and that the distance variable positively correlates with the internationalization measures. Moreover, there seems to exist a non-linear relationship between the development level of the country of origin of the share capital and internationalization, with the results indicating that firms with share capital originating from more advanced countries attain a higher degree of internationalization. As SMEs in Portugal face increasing competition, joining hands with resource-rich investors such as foreign corporations and institutional investors would be a fruitful strategy to enhance the international competitiveness of Portuguese firms.
Application of Steel Slag for Degraded Land Remediation
Authors: Díaz-Piloneta Marina , Ortega-Fernández Francisco , Terrados-Cristos Marta , Álvarez-Cabal Jose Valeriano
Published: February 2022

Land degradation, and especially acidification, are global issues that need to be addressed. A common practice to correct this problem is the use of lime or chemical fertilisers that involve the extraction of raw materials. This study proposes a more sustainable alternative using Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag. BOF slag is the main waste from the steel industry that is usually accumulated in landfills, which also implies environmental impacts. In this study, a series of laboratory tests have been carried out to analyse the feasibility of using BOF slag for the reclamation of degraded land. For soil acidification, BOF slag will be analysed as a liming agent. On the other hand, the benefits slag can provide as a nutrient source will be tested. As an added value, pre-treated and untreated slag will be compared. The results of these short-time experiments show how BOF slag could be a sustainable alternative as liming agent and amendment. Its use increased the levels of some micro and macronutrients available for plant growth and improved soil quality. It could, therefore, be a sustainable management practice that makes an important contribution to the circular economy.
Study on Mechanism of Roundness Improvement by the Internal Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process Using Magnetic Machining Tool
Authors: Liu Jiangnan , Zou Yanhua
Published: February 2022

An internal magnetic abrasive finishing process using a magnetic machining tool was proposed for finishing the internal surface of the thick tubes. It has been proved that this process is effective for finishing thick tubes, and it can improve the roundness while improving the roughness. However, the mechanism of improving the roundness is not clear, so it is necessary to study it theoretically. In this research, firstly, the roundness curve expression was derived using the principle of roundness measurement by the assumed center method, and the expression of roundness curve expanded by Fourier series was obtained. The influencing factors of roundness improvement were then analyzed. Secondly, the experiments were carried out on SUS304 stainless steel tubes. By confirming the mechanism analysis results and the experimental results, it was concluded that the internal magnetic abrasive finishing process using the magnetic machining tool was effective for improving the roundness of the thick tubes whose thickness is from 10 mm to 30 mm. As the thickness of the tube increased, the improvement in roundness decreased.
Relationship between the Mandelbrot Algorithm and the Platonic Solids
Authors: Vallières André , Rochon Dominic
Published: February 2022

This paper focuses on the dynamics of the eight tridimensional principal slices of the tricomplex Mandelbrot set: the Tetrabrot, the Arrowheadbrot, the Mousebrot, the Turtlebrot, the Hourglassbrot, the Metabrot, the Airbrot (octahedron), and the Firebrot (tetrahedron). In particular, we establish a geometrical classification of these 3D slices using the properties of some specific sets that correspond to projections of the bicomplex Mandelbrot set on various two-dimensional vector subspaces, and we prove that the Firebrot is a regular tetrahedron. Finally, we construct the so-called “Stella octangula” as a tricomplex dynamical system composed of the union of the Firebrot and its dual, and after defining the idempotent 3D slices of M3, we show that one of them corresponds to a third Platonic solid: the cube.
The Fuzzy Logic in the Problems of Test Control of a Bypass Turbojet Engine Gas Generator
Authors: Inozemtsev Alexander , Petrochenkov Anton , Kazantsev Vladimir , Shmidt Igor , Sazhenkov Alexey , Dadenkov Dmitry , Gribkov Igor , Ivanov Pavel
Published: February 2022

Continuous improvement in the operational characteristics of gas turbine equipment and a significant reduction in the time of its creation have led to the development and application of new technologies for conducting research tests of a gas generator—the basic section of a bypass turbojet engine. Carrying out such tests requires the reproduction of the thermo gas dynamic parameters of the working fluid at the gas generator inlet to ensure maximum similarity to the processes occurring in the engine being designed. Obtaining a working fluid with the required thermo gas dynamic parameters such as temperature, pressure, and air flow rate is carried out on the basis of a test complex. The test complex, as a control object, is a non-linear, non-stationary, multi-variable system, where each controlled variable substantially depends on other control actions. The article presents the main aspects of the behavior of the object under consideration, which are the basis for the development of an automated test system and, in particular, the principles of forming control algorithms based on the theory of fuzzy logic. The graphs of the state and control of the main elements of the test complex are presented. Special attention is given to the analysis of the proposed control algorithms.
Network Embedding Algorithm Taking in Variational Graph AutoEncoder
Authors: Chen Dongming , Nie Mingshuo , Zhang Hupo , Wang Zhen , Wang Dongqi
Published: February 2022

Complex networks with node attribute information are employed to represent complex relationships between objects. Research of attributed network embedding fuses the topology and the node attribute information of the attributed network in the common latent representation space, to encode the high-dimensional sparse network information to the low-dimensional dense vector representation, effectively improving the performance of the network analysis tasks. The current research on attributed network embedding is presently facing problems of high-dimensional sparsity of attribute eigenmatrix and underutilization of attribute information. In this paper, we propose a network embedding algorithm taking in a variational graph autoencoder (NEAT-VGA). This algorithm first pre-processes the attribute features, i.e., the attribute feature learning of the network nodes. Then, the feature learning matrix and the adjacency matrix of the network are fed into the variational graph autoencoder algorithm to obtain the Gaussian distribution of the potential vectors, which more easily generate high-quality node embedding representation vectors. Then, the embedding of the nodes obtained by sampling this Gaussian distribution is reconstructed with structural and attribute losses. The loss function is minimized by iterative training until the low-dimension vector representation, containing network structure information and attribute information of nodes, can be better obtained, and the performance of the algorithm is evaluated by link prediction experimental results.
A New Hybrid Based on Long Short-Term Memory Network with Spotted Hyena Optimization Algorithm for Multi-Label Text Classification
Authors: Khataei Maragheh Hamed , Gharehchopogh Farhad Soleimanian , Majidzadeh Kambiz , Sangar Amin Babazadeh
Published: February 2022

An essential work in natural language processing is the Multi-Label Text Classification (MLTC). The purpose of the MLTC is to assign multiple labels to each document. Traditional text classification methods, such as machine learning usually involve data scattering and failure to discover relationships between data. With the development of deep learning algorithms, many authors have used deep learning in MLTC. In this paper, a novel model called Spotted Hyena Optimizer (SHO)-Long Short-Term Memory (SHO-LSTM) for MLTC based on LSTM network and SHO algorithm is proposed. In the LSTM network, the Skip-gram method is used to embed words into the vector space. The new model uses the SHO algorithm to optimize the initial weight of the LSTM network. Adjusting the weight matrix in LSTM is a major challenge. If the weight of the neurons to be accurate, then the accuracy of the output will be higher. The SHO algorithm is a population-based meta-heuristic algorithm that works based on the mass hunting behavior of spotted hyenas. In this algorithm, each solution of the problem is coded as a hyena. Then the hyenas are approached to the optimal answer by following the hyena of the leader. Four datasets are used (RCV1-v2, EUR-Lex, Reuters-21578, and Bookmarks) to evaluate the proposed model. The assessments demonstrate that the proposed model has a higher accuracy rate than LSTM, Genetic Algorithm-LSTM (GA-LSTM), Particle Swarm Optimization-LSTM (PSO-LSTM), Artificial Bee Colony-LSTM (ABC-LSTM), Harmony Algorithm Search-LSTM (HAS-LSTM), and Differential Evolution-LSTM (DE-LSTM). The improvement of SHO-LSTM model accuracy for four datasets compared to LSTM is 7.52%, 7.12%, 1.92%, and 4.90%, respectively.
Fixed Point Results in Controlled Metric Spaces with Applications
Authors: Al-Mazrooei Abdullah Eqal , Ahmad Jamshaid
Published: February 2022

The aim of this paper is to obtain some common fixed point theorems for generalized contractions involving certain control functions in controlled metric space and derive some generalized fixed point results as a consequence of our main results. We also prove some common fixed point theorems in controlled metric spaces endowed with a graph. Our results will generalize and amend many famous results from the literature. We also provide an example to show the authenticity of the established results. As an application of our main result, we investigate the solution of integral equations.
A Generic Model in Which the Russell-Nontypical Sets Satisfy ZFC Strictly between HOD and the Universe
Authors: Kanovei Vladimir , Lyubetsky Vassily
Published: February 2022

The notion of ordinal definability and the related notions of ordinal definable sets (class OD) and hereditarily ordinal definable sets (class HOD) belong to the key concepts of modern set theory. Recent studies have discovered more general types of sets, still based on the notion of ordinal definability, but in a more blurry way. In particular, Tzouvaras has recently introduced the notion of sets nontypical in the Russell sense, so that a set x is nontypical if it belongs to a countable ordinal definable set. Tzouvaras demonstrated that the class HNT of all hereditarily nontypical sets satisfies all axioms of ZF and satisfies HOD⊆HNT. In view of this, Tzouvaras proposed a problem—to find out whether the class HNT can be separated from HOD by the strict inclusion HOD⫋HNT, and whether it can also be separated from the universe V of all sets by the strict inclusion HNT⫋V, in suitable set theoretic models. Solving this problem, a generic extension L[a,x] of the Gödel-constructible universe L, by two reals a,x, is presented in this paper, in which the relation L=HOD⫋L[a]=HNT⫋L[a,x]=V is fulfilled, so that HNT is a model of ZFC strictly between HOD and the universe. Our result proves that the class HNT is really a new rich class of sets, which does not necessarily coincide with either the well-known class HOD or the whole universe V. This opens new possibilities in the ongoing study of the consistency and independence problems in modern set theory.
Possible Functional Roles of Patellamides in the Ascidian-Prochloron Symbiosis
Authors: Baur Philipp , Kühl Michael , Comba Peter , Behrendt Lars
Published: February 2022

Patellamides are highly bioactive compounds found along with other cyanobactins in the symbiosis between didemnid ascidians and the enigmatic cyanobacterium Prochloron. The biosynthetic pathway of patellamide synthesis is well understood, the relevant operons have been identified in the Prochloron genome and genes involved in patellamide synthesis are among the most highly transcribed cyanobacterial genes in hospite. However, a more detailed study of the in vivo dynamics of patellamides and their function in the ascidian-Prochloron symbiosis is complicated by the fact that Prochloron remains uncultivated despite numerous attempts since its discovery in 1975. A major challenge is to account for the highly dynamic microenvironmental conditions experienced by Prochloron in hospite, where light-dark cycles drive rapid shifts between hyperoxia and anoxia as well as pH variations from pH ~6 to ~10. Recently, work on patellamide analogues has pointed out a range of different catalytic functions of patellamide that could prove essential for the ascidian-Prochloron symbiosis and could be modulated by the strong microenvironmental dynamics. Here, we review fundamental properties of patellamides and their occurrence and dynamics in vitro and in vivo. We discuss possible functions of patellamides in the ascidian-Prochloron symbiosis and identify important knowledge gaps and needs for further experimental studies.
Quorum-Sensing Inhibition by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Authors: Prazdnova Evgeniya V. , Gorovtsov Andrey V. , Vasilchenko Nikita G. , Kulikov Maxim P. , Statsenko Varvara N. , Bogdanova Anna A. , Refeld Alexandr G. , Brislavskiy Yaroslav A. , Chistyakov Vladimir A. , Chikindas Michael L.
Published: February 2022

The modern paradigm assumes that interspecies communication of microorganisms occurs through precise regulatory mechanisms. In particular, antagonism between bacteria or bacteria and fungi can be achieved by direct destruction of the targeted cells through the regulated production of antimicrobial metabolites or by controlling their adaptive mechanisms, such as the formation of biofilms. The quorum-quenching phenomenon provides such a countermeasure strategy. This review discusses quorum-sensing suppression by Gram-positive microorganisms, the underlying mechanisms of this process, and its molecular intermediates. The main focus will be on Gram-positive bacteria that have practical applications, such as starter cultures for food fermentation, probiotics, and other microorganisms of biotechnological importance. The possible evolutionary role of quorum-quenching mechanisms during the development of interspecies interactions of bacteria is also considered. In addition, the review provides possible practical applications for these mechanisms, such as the control of pathogens, improving the efficiency of probiotics, and plant protection.
Dynamics of Microbial Communities in Phototrophic Polyhydroxyalkanoate Accumulating Cultures
Authors: Almeida Juliana R. , Fradinho Joana C. , Carvalho Gilda , Oehmen Adrian , Reis Maria A. M.
Published: February 2022

Phototrophic mixed cultures (PMC) are versatile systems which can be applied for waste streams, valorisation and production of added-value compounds, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). This work evaluates the influence of different operational conditions on the bacterial communities reported in PMC systems with PHA production capabilities. Eleven PMCs, fed either with acetate or fermented wastewater, and selected under either feast and famine (FF) or permanent feast (PF) regimes, were evaluated. Overall, results identified Chromatiaceae members as the main phototrophic PHA producers, along with Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodobacter and Rhizobium. The findings show that Chromatiaceae were favoured under operating conditions with high carbon concentrations, and particularly under the PF regime. In FF systems fed with fermented wastewater, the results indicate that increasing the organic loading rate enriches for Rhodopseudomonas, Rhizobium and Hyphomicrobiaceae, which together with Rhodobacter and Chromatiaceae, were likely responsible for PHA storage. In addition, high-sugar feedstock impairs PHA production under PF conditions (fermentative bacteria dominance), which does not occur under FF. This characterization of the communities responsible for PHA accumulation helps to define improved operational strategies for PHA production with PMC.
Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of 6,7-Dehydroroyleanone from Taiwania cryptomerioides Bark Essential Oil in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Chen Guan-Rong , Chang Mei-Ling , Chang Shang-Tzen , Ho Yu-Tung , Chang Hui-Ting
Published: February 2022

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Taiwania cryptomerioides essential oil and its phytochemical on the Hep G2 cell line (human hepatocellular carcinoma). Bark essential oil has significant cytotoxicity to Hep G2 cells, and S3 fraction is the most active fraction in cytotoxicity to Hep G2 cells among the six fractions. The diterpenoid quinone, 6,7-dehydroroyleanone, was isolated from the active S3 fraction by bioassay-guided isolation. 6,7-Dehydroroyleanone exhibited significant cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, and the efficacy of 6,7-dehydroroyleanone was better than the positive control, etoposide. Apoptosis analysis of Hep G2 cells with different treatments was characterized via flow cytometry to confirm the cell death situation. Etoposide and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone could induce the apoptosis in Hep G2 cells using flow cytometric assay. Results revealed 6,7-dehydroroyleanone from T. cryptomerioides bark essential oil can be a potential phytochemical to develop the anticancer chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of the human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Does the global natural gas market have a future?
Authors:   Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Science, Kondratov Dmitriy Igorevich
Published: February 2022

The article presents an analysis of the current state and forecasts of the long-term development of the global natural gas market. Regional and sectoral aspects of gas production and consumption are considered. Particular attention in the article is paid to the priorities for the development of the gas industry in East and South Asia. Increased demand for gas will be driven by higher electricity consumption. In developing Asian countries, industrial gas consumption is expected to grow rapidly until 2050 in parallel with the development of the respective industries. By the end of this period, demand in these countries, according to long-term energy projections (by IHS Markit), will have grown 2.0 times to 1277.8 bln cubic meters. The environmental benefi ts of natural gas will support, but not determine, its role in individual markets, because the price of gas in power generation will primarily determine its prospects. In times of economic slowdown, an imbalance of supply and demand in the global hydrocarbon market leads to its destabilisation. In order to predict such situations in advance, experts from international and Russian organisations (International Energy Agency, BP plc, Energy Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Energy Economics of Japan) and consultancy companies (IHS Markit) periodically prepare papers on the evolution of global energy markets and the implications for Russia. Virtually all studies are not yet ready to name a period of peak gas demand in the foreseeable future, even for the world’s largest economies (with the exception of the European Union and developed Asian countries), which gives reason to call the 21st century a gas century.
The role of local communities in the development of European Union rural areas
Authors:   Ural State Agrarian University, Russia, Yekaterinburg, Golovina Svetlana Georgievna , Abilova Ekaterina Viktorovna ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Mikolaychik Ivan Nikolaevich ,   Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T. S. Maltseva
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to present the results of the research on the role of local action groups (LAG) in the development of rural areas in the member states of the European Union (EU). The most important postulate of the investigation is the scientifi cally grounded and practice-tested statement that only by relying on rural communities it is possible to objectively determine the pressing problems that need to be solved within the boundaries of various rural areas. Moreover, with the help of rural population (especially its active part, youth, entrepreneurs, farmers) it is advisable to implement the social, economic, environmental projects developed there, in the positive results of which both rural residents and the state are interested. The scientific work uses analytical and review methods of analysis (including the discourse method), which (together with the widespread use of modern statistical information, reporting materials of the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD), the content of the relevant legislation) made it possible to formulate a number of practice-oriented conclusions. Most of them relate to the possibilities of European rural communities (institutionalized in a certain way) to solve such problems of the countryside as rising unemployment, limited fi nancing for rural development, reduced public investment in the development of rural areas, sequestration of state spending on the development of the social sphere within the boundaries of rural areas, poverty and social insulation. In general, the European experience of encouraging local participation in achieving the goals and priorities of rural development put forward by society through the support of the LEADER / CLLD initiatives under the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) not only has many positive consequences, but also includes time-tested practices, worthy of implementation in the modern conditions of the domestic environment.
La politisation des paysans au XIXe siècle. Réflexions sur l'histoire politique des campagnes françaises
Authors: Pécout Gilles
Published: February 2022

L'histoire de la politisation des campagnes françaises au XIXe siècle envisage deux grands types de problèmes, qui se traduisent par deux approches historiographiques : la progression de la démocratie sociale et politique depuis la Révolution, et le bilan de l'intégration des communautés paysannes dans la collectivité nationale. Dans tous les cas, se pose la question des limites chronologiques et des bases sociales d'un processus d'apprentissage politique dont les élections et la vie de sociabilité sont des étapes éminentes. En dépassant les oppositions classiques archaïsme /modernité et local /national, les recherches actuelles privilégient une histoire sociale du politique, qui donne tout son sens à l'organisation interne des communautés agraires et insiste sur les instruments sociaux et politiques de maîtrise du territoire dans les campagnes.