bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enterprise architecture for the transformation of public services based on citizen’s feedback
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Lynch Fiona , Helfert Markus
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Current literature argues that citizen engagement platforms must be used to gather citizens’ feedback to provide improved quality of services to citizens. However, limited studies consider the challenges faced by practitioners at the local level during the incorporation of those feedback for continuous service improvement. As a result, these services fail to fulfil the need of citizens. The purpose of this study is to structure the relationship between citizens’ feedback and continuous service improvement to meet the need of citizens.

Design/methodology/approach

Design science research methodology has been adapted under which a case study approach has been followed to investigate one of the citizens’ engagement platforms in Ireland.

Findings

The results from this study highlighted that practitioners faced challenges (e.g. capacity, risk and constraints) in terms of fulfilling the needs of citizens and there is a lack of structured approach to continuously provide improved services to them.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides a structured approach in the form of a process model to showcase how citizens’ feedback can be incorporated for continuously providing improved services to the citizens.

Social implications

This research provides a prescriptive view to assist municipalities during the incorporation of citizens’ feedback for continuous service improvement while addressing the challenges they face during this process.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a process model based on the guidelines of the open group architecture framework enterprise architecture and the collaboration with practitioners that would assist local authorities in continuously providing improved services to the citizens.
A scientometrics analysis of equity, diversity, inclusion, and accessibility (EDIA) literature in library and information science profession
Authors: Ashiq Murtaza , Ur Rehman Shafiq , Warraich Nosheen Fatima
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Equity, diversity, inclusion and accessibility (EDIA) are the core values of librarianship. This study aims to examine the EDIA literature in the library and information science (LIS) profession, focusing on publishing trends, authorship patterns, thematic evolution, co-occurrence network, international collaboration network and three-factor analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

A scientometrics analysis was performed, and data were retrieved from the Web of Science database following a four-phase data extraction and filtration process. Data analysis was performed using specialized scientometrics tools.

Findings

Most of the published work comes from the developed world. The thematic evolution identified that the initial period (1971–2010) was dedicated to the diversity of library resources, services and users. The second phase (2011–2015) concentrated on accessibility and information literacy. The recent period (2016–2021) is linked with social inclusion, diversity and accessibility. Furthermore, the co-cluster citation and content analysis identified five major interconnected streams in the EDIA literature in LIS: disability and accessibility; diversity, inclusion and recruitment; social justice and libraries; libraries and immigrants; and libraries and the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, queer community.

Research limitations/implications

Theoretical, practical and implications for policy makers and curriculum developers were added to create awareness and better observe EDIA in LIS field.

Originality/value

The identification of research streams is one of the most important findings of this study, which shows that some areas of EDIA are maturing and others are emerging in the profession.
“Buy local” campaigns in times of crisis: insights from reactance theory
Authors: Matarazzo Michela , Diamantopoulos Adamantios , Raff Andreas
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Reactance theory is applied to investigate consumer responses to “buy local” campaigns initiated by government to counteract the effects of an economic crisis, using the COVID-19 pandemic as an illustrative context.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual model is developed, aimed at revealing the extent to which “buy local” campaigns – explicitly justified by the need to fight an economic crisis – are likely to lead to (a) compliance (i.e. support for local products/retailers) or (b) freedom restoration (i.e. support for foreign products/retailers). The model is subsequently tested on samples of German (N = 265) and Italian (N = 268) consumers.

Findings

“Buy local” campaigns are likely to generate reactance amongst consumers and such reactance can lead to both non-compliance and, albeit less so, freedom restoration outcomes. At the same time, consumer ethnocentrism acts as a countervailing influence by attenuating the effects of generated reactance and its undesirable outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

Psychological reactance theory offers a novel perspective for conceptually approaching the likely responses of consumers towards “buy local” campaigns and the empirical findings support the use of the theory in this context.

Practical implications

Policymakers seeking to encourage consumers to support the local economy during times of an economic crisis need to be aware that “buy local” campaigns may, against their intended communication goals, result in non-compliance as well as consumer responses in the opposite direction. Thus, the reactance-generating potential of such campaigns needs to be explicitly considered at the planning/implementation stage.

Originality/value

The findings confirm the relevance of reactance theory as a conceptual lens for studying the effects of “buy local” campaigns and have important implications for domestic/foreign firms as well as for policy makers seeking to encourage consumers to support the local economy during times of an economic crisis.
Relevance and its epistemic underpinnings in B2B marketing research: four axioms and nine relevance types
Authors: Ojansivu Ilkka Tapani
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore what characteristics contribute to the definition of relevance in business-to-business (B2B) marketing research and how/why different strands of B2B marketing maintain or lose their relevance.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is conceptual. It adopts a performative-phenomenal standpoint for B2B marketing research and approaches relevance through the concept of episteme, which is considered pivotal for understanding this phenomenon.

Findings

This study proposes four axioms that define the characteristics of relevance in B2B marketing research and discusses their implications for scholars and practitioners. Consequently, an action plan for revitalizing B2B marketing research is developed, comprising learning and temporal dimensions, resulting in nine different relevance types.

Research limitations/implications

The central argument put forward in this study is that different research strands of B2B marketing have deeply rooted epistemic underpinnings that influence their interpretation of relevance. Consequently, fostering dialogue between practitioners and scholars is considered necessary to sustain relevance in B2B marketing research. B2B scholars are urged to think beyond their subspecialized silos and acknowledge how the business environment and the various strands of B2B marketing congruently shape B2B marketing relevance, while also embracing research methods that bring them closer to business practice.

Practical implications

Marketing practitioners and academics continue to drift apart. This study puts forward three recommendations to bring marketing academics and practitioners closer together.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the B2B marketing literature by grappling with the theory-praxis gap and critically exploring what constitutes relevance in B2B marketing research.
The role of brand gratitude in consumer relationships with cool brands
Authors: Koskie Melanie Moore , Freling Ryan E. , Locander William B. , Freling Traci H.
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore and extend the consumer–brand relationship literature by integrating the relatively new construct of brand coolness with a growing body of work on gratitude. Specifically, gratitude is explored alongside emotional brand attachment as an additional mechanism affecting the relationship between cool brands and the loyalty outcome of repurchase intention. Consumption context is examined as a boundary condition to the effect of gratitude.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected from an online survey of a Qualtrics panel of 356 US consumers. A moderated mediation model is used to explain the effects of brand coolness on repurchase intention via emotional brand attachment and brand gratitude in the moderating presence of consumption context.

Findings

Brand coolness significantly increases repurchase intention. Furthermore, emotional brand attachment and brand gratitude are established as parallel mediators of the relationship between brand coolness and repurchase intention, with brand gratitude exhibiting a significantly stronger mediated effect. The impact of brand coolness on brand gratitude is moderated by social visibility, with publicly consumed cool brands stimulating greater brand gratitude than their privately consumed counterparts.

Originality/value

Brand gratitude is shown to influence repurchase intention independent of the impact exerted by consumers’ emotional brand attachment. Cognitive appraisal theory is used to distinguish brand gratitude from other mediators studied in consumer–brand relationships. Findings establish the moderating influence of the social visibility of the brand on the relationship between brand coolness and gratitude.
Baca Beverage Distributors: surviving the great attrition
Authors: Anderson Joe , Joshi Mahendra , Williams Susan K.
Published: October 2023

Theoretical basis

This compact case provides a relatively large data set that students explore using visualization and a Tableau dynamic dashboard that they create. Students were asked to describe what the data set contained in relation to employee attrition experience of Baca Beverage Distributors (BBD). The application and managerial questions are set in human resources and a company that is facing high attrition during the pandemic.

Research methodology

BBD shared their data and problem scenario for this compact case. The protagonist, Morgan Matthews, was the authors’ contact and provided significant clarification and guidance about the data. Both the company and the protagonist have been disguised. Some of the job positions have been rephrased. All names of employees, supervisors and managers have been replaced with codes.

Case overview/synopsis

During the 2020–2022 pandemic years, BBD experienced, like many companies, a higher than usual employee turnover rate and Morgan Matthews, Director of People, was concerned. Not only was it time-consuming, expensive and disruptive but the company had prided itself on being a good place to work. Were they hiring the right people, people that fit the company culture and people that fit the positions for which they were hired? The company had been using the Predictive Index [1] when on-boarding employees. In addition, there were results from self-reviews and manager reviews that could be used. Morgan wondered if data visualization and visual analytics would be useful in describing their employees and whether it would reveal any opportunities to improve the turnover rate. Before seeking a solution for the high turnover, it was important to step back and learn what the data said about who was leaving and the reasons they gave for leaving.

Complexity academic level

This compact case can be used in courses that include visualization using Tableau and dashboards. As it is a compact case, it requires less preparation time from the students and less class time for discussion. The case is for students who have been recently introduced to business analytics, specifically visualization and data storytelling with Tableau. For this reason, significant guidance has been provided in the case assignment. The level of the case can be adjusted by the amount of guidance provided in the case assignment. Courses include introduction to business analytics, descriptive analytics and visualization, communication through data storytelling. The case can be used for all modalities – in person, hybrid, online. The authors use it here for visualization and dynamic dashboards but using the same data set and compact case description, exploratory data analysis could be assigned.

Supplementary material

Supplementary material for this article can be found online.
The impact of changing seasons on in-destination tourist behaviour
Authors: McKercher Bob , Prideaux Bruce , Thompson Michelle
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework that examines the impacts of changing seasons on tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents a conceptual process model of the impact of seasons on all aspects of in-destination tourist behaviour. The model is developed from the literature and is then tested using Cairns, Australia as a case study.

Findings

Seasons influence the actual and perceived range of products/experiences available, which dictate the pull features of a destination, that in turn, influence who comes and why they come. Combined the activity sets and visitor profile define in-destination behaviour and, ultimately, satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications

The study fills a needed research gap in two ways. Firstly, it explains conceptually and then tests empirically how changes in seasons affect the delivery of tourism products and experiences. Secondly, it adds significantly to our understanding of the factors that influence in-destination behaviour.

Practical implications

Managerial implications for destination management organisations are identified.

Originality/value

This paper presents a new conceptual process model for a previously unexamined issue.
Semi‐blind‐trace algorithm for self‐supervised attenuation of trace‐wise coherent noise
Authors: Abedi Mohammad Mahdi , Pardo David , Alkhalifah Tariq
Published: October 2023

Trace‐wise noise is a type of noise often seen in seismic data, which is characterized by vertical coherency and horizontal incoherency. Using self‐supervised deep learning to attenuate this type of noise, the conventional blind‐trace deep learning trains a network to blindly reconstruct each trace in the data from its surrounding traces; it attenuates isolated trace‐wise noise but causes signal leakage in clean and noisy traces and reconstruction errors next to each noisy trace. To reduce signal leakage and improve denoising, we propose a new loss function and masking procedure in a semi‐blind‐trace deep learning framework. Our hybrid loss function has weighted active zones that cover masked and non‐masked traces. Therefore, the network is not blinded to clean traces during their reconstruction. During training, we dynamically change the masks' characteristics. The goal is to train the network to learn the characteristics of the signal instead of noise. The proposed algorithm enables the designed U‐net to detect and attenuate trace‐wise noise without having prior information about the noise. A new hyperparameter of our method is the relative weight between the masked and non‐masked traces' contribution to the loss function. Numerical experiments show that selecting a small value for this parameter is enough to significantly decrease signal leakage. The proposed algorithm is tested on synthetic and real off‐shore and land data sets with different noises. The results show the superb ability of the method to attenuate trace‐wise noise while preserving other events. An implementation of the proposed algorithm as a Python code is also made available.
Ethnic inequalities in age‐related patterns of multiple long‐term conditions in England: Analysis of primary care and nationally representative survey data
Authors: Hayanga Brenda , Stafford Mai , Saunders Catherine L. , Bécares Laia
Published: October 2023

Little is known about the patterning of multiple long‐term conditions (MLTCs) by age, ethnicity and across conceptualisations of MLTCs (e.g. MLTCs with/without mental health conditions [MHCs]). We examined ethnic inequalities in age‐related patterns of MLTCs, and combinations of physical and MHCs using the English GP Patient Survey and Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We described the association between MLTCs and age using multilevel regression models adjusting for sex and area‐level deprivation with patients nested within GP practices. Similar analyses were repeated for MLTCs that include MHCs. We observed ethnic inequalities from middle‐age onwards such as older Pakistani, Indian, Black Caribbean and Other ethnic people had increased risk of MLTCs compared to white British people, even after adjusting for area‐level deprivation. Compared to white British people, Gypsy and Irish Travellers had higher levels of MLTCs across the age groups, and Chinese people had lower levels. Pakistani and Bangladeshi people aged 50–74 years were more likely than white people to report MLTCs that included MHCs. We find clear evidence of ethnic inequalities in MLTCs. The lower prevalence of MLTCs that include MHCs among some minoritised ethnic groups may be an underestimation due to underdiagnosis and/or inadequate primary care and requires further scrutiny.
Prescription psychostimulants for the treatment of amphetamine‐type stimulant use disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: Sharafi Heidar , Bakouni Hamzah , McAnulty Christina , Drouin Sarah , Coronado‐Montoya Stephanie , Bahremand Arash , Bach Paxton , Ezard Nadine , Le Foll Bernard , Schütz Christian G. , Siefried Krista J. , Tardelli Vitor S. , Ziegler Daniela , Jutras‐Aswad Didier
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims

There is currently no standard of care for pharmacological treatment of amphetamine‐type stimulant (ATS) use disorder (ATSUD). This systematic review with meta‐analysis (PROSPERO CRD42022354492) aimed to pool results from randomized placebo‐controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate efficacy and safety of prescription psychostimulants (PPs) for ATSUD.

Methods

Major indexing sources and trial registries were searched to include records published before 29 August 2022. Eligible studies were RCTs evaluating efficacy and safety of PPs for ATSUD. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Risk ratio (RR) and risk difference were calculated for random‐effect meta‐analysis of dichotomous variables. Mean difference and standardized mean difference (SMD) were calculated for random‐effect meta‐analysis of continuous variables.

Results

Ten RCTs (n = 561 participants) were included in the meta‐analysis. Trials studied methylphenidate (n = 7), with daily doses of 54–180 mg, and dextroamphetamine (n = 3), with daily doses of 60–110 mg, for 2–24 weeks. PPs significantly decreased end‐point craving [SMD  −0.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.55, −0.03], while such a decrease did not reach statistical significance for ATS use, as evaluated by urine analysis (UA) (RR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.85–1.01). No effect was observed for self‐reported ATS use, retention in treatment, dropout following adverse events, early‐stage craving, withdrawal and depressive symptoms. In a sensitivity analysis, treatment was associated with a significant reduction in UA positive for ATS (RR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.79–0.99) after removing studies with a high risk of bias. In subgroup analyses, methylphenidate and high doses of PPs were negatively associated with ATS use by UA, while higher doses of PPs and treatment duration (≥ 20 weeks) were positively associated with longer retention.

Conclusions

Among individuals with amphetamine‐type stimulant use disorder, treatment with prescription psychostimulants may decrease ATS use and craving. While effect size is limited, it may increase with a higher dosage of medications.
Functional SNPs in SYISL promoter significantly affect muscle fiber density and muscle traits in pigs
Authors: Lv Wei , Peng Yaxin , Hu Jingjing , Zhu Mingfei , Mao Yangcang , Wang Litong , Wang Guoshui , Xu Zaiyan , Wu Wangjun , Zuo Bo
Published: October 2023

Our previous studies showed that SYISL is a negative regulator of muscle growth and regeneration in mice, pigs and humans. SYISL knockout resulted in an increase in the density of muscle fibers and muscle growth. However, it is unclear whether there are natural mutations in pig SYNPO2 intron sense‐overlapping lncRNA (pSYISL) that affect the expression of pSYISL and muscle growth traits. In this study, three SNPs in exons and six SNPs within the promoter of pSYISL were identified. Association analysis showed that the two SNPs in exons are significantly associated with loin muscle area (p < 0.05); the six SNPs in the promoter that show complete linkage are significantly associated with live backfat thickness and live loin muscle area in American Large White pigs. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays as well as in vitro binding experiments indicated that the mutation of SNP rs702045770 (g.539G>A) leads to the loss of YY1 binding to the promoter, thus affecting the expression level of pSYISL, and we found that Jiangshan Black pigs with genotype GG have a higher expression level of pSYISL than genotype AA individuals, but the muscle fiber density was significantly lower than in genotype AA individuals. Furthermore, the association analysis showed that the carcass backfat thickness of genotype GG of SNP rs702045770 was significantly higher than that of other genotypes in (Pietrain × Duroc) × (Landrace × Yorkshire) crossbred pigs (p < 0.05). The glycolytic potential of genotype GG was significantly higher than that of other genotypes (p < 0.05). These results provide novel insight into the identification of functional SNPs in non‐coding genomic regions.
Mammalian cysteine‐rich secretory proteins interact with plasma membrane Ca2+ exporter PMCA4b
Authors: Miya Vaidehi , Kumar Chandan , Breed Ananya A. , Idicula‐Thomas Susan , Pathak Bhakti R.
Published: October 2023

Background

Mammalian cysteine‐rich secretory proteins (CRISPs) are predominantly expressed in the male reproductive tract. Knockout mice lacking two or more CRISPs show defects in sperm transport, sperm–egg interaction and Ca2+ homeostasis. CRISPs play redundant and specific roles via their binding partners. To understand this, a comprehensive analysis of CRISP interactome needs to be undertaken.

Objectives

This study aimed to analyse CRISP4 binding partners on the plasma membrane of rat caudal spermatozoa.

Materials and methods

Total proteins from rat caudal spermatozoa were subjected to immunoprecipitation using anti‐CRISP4 antibody followed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrophotometry analysis. Plasma membrane localised proteins were shortlisted, and a key target was validated by co‐immunoprecipitation and co‐localisation. Co‐transfection followed by co‐immunoprecipitation was carried out for studying the interaction of full‐length as well as deletion mutants of CRISPs with human plasma membrane calcium ATPase, isoform b (hPMCA4b). Calcium assays were performed using Fura‐2‐AM. The cholesterol binding ability of different CRISPs was evaluated in silico.

Results

The membrane‐specific interactome of rat CRISP4 (rCRISP4) from caudal spermatozoa revealed PMCA4b as a novel binding partner, and their interaction was validated in rat spermatozoa. Human CRISP1 (hCRISP1) and hCRISP3 also interacted with PMCA4b via the N‐terminal domain. Interestingly, hCRISP1 and rCRISP4 delayed PMCA4b‐mediated calcium extrusion but hCRISP3 did not. In silico analysis demonstrated that hCRISP1 and rCRISP4 have higher binding affinity towards cholesterol than hCRISP3. The secretion profile of different CRISPs also showed that the ratio of secreted to cell‐associated proteins was highest for hCRISP3.

Conclusion

Our study identifies PMCA4b as a target of multiple mammalian CRISPs and unravels a new role of CRISPs in regulating calcium homeostasis. Differences in the interaction of different CRISPs with cholesterol may regulate their enrichment in the lipid rafts and redistribution in the membrane post‐capacitation, thereby affecting their interaction with PMCA4b.
Letting the mantle out of the bag
Authors: Visco Carlo
Published: October 2023

Mantle cell lymphoma is a rare disease that attracts the curiosity of clinicians and scientists due to its heterogeneous clinical behaviour, that can vary from indolent forms to the most aggressive presentations among non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. The report by Eyre and colleagues describes the current treatment strategies available in most countries, and offers insights to clinicians for several intriguing difficult‐to‐treat scenarios.

Commentary on: Eyre et al. Diagnosis and management of mantle cell lymphoma: a British Society for Haematology Guideline. Br J Haematol 2024;204:108‐126.
Efficacy of technology‐based parenting programmes in reducing behaviour problems: An analysis of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Valero María , Quesada Victoria , Oliver Josep Lluís , Amer Joan
Published: October 2023

Recently, especially after the 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic, the shift towards technology‐based non‐face‐to‐face family prevention programmes to deal with problem behaviours has increased. Different systematic reviews and meta‐analyses have explored the results of the virtual versions of the programmes. However, a global summary or systematized overview of the main conclusions and implications of the different reviews is needed to establish the scientific contributions of the new formats and to help the providers of the online programmes to know the components that work and to what extent. A lack of systematized information on the different delivery modes has also been detected. This study addresses these issues by systematically analysing existing reviews and meta‐analyses, examining the reported outcomes and, when available, results related to delivery conditions and adherence variables. The analysis results suggest a reduction in children's problem behaviours and a consensus on the necessity of reporting on the parental stress variable. In conclusion, it highlights the need for more information on delivery conditions, given the structural change in how these programmes or interventions are provided, together with data on adherence and family variables (family relationships and interactions such as family communication and family resilience).
Differences in quality of life of patients undergoing total pelvic exenteration compared with standard rectal cancer surgery: a scoping review
Authors: Noor Zainab , Ralston Charlotte , Cuffe Ray , Hainsworth Alison , Schizas Alexis , Ferrari Linda , George Mark
Published: October 2023

Aim

Rectal cancer is often treated surgically with an anterior resection (AR) or abdominoperineal excision (APE). However, for patients with locally advanced disease or local recurrence total pelvic exenteration (TPE) surgery can be performed. The magnitude of surgery varies, and little research has been done to consider how quality of life (QoL) may vary according to the extent of surgery.

Method

A search was conducted on MEDLINE and PubMed for papers published from 2010 to 2021. Inclusion criteria consisted of observational studies comparing adult populations with rectal cancer undergoing APE, AR or TPE, reporting QoL using validated tools. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non‐Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS‐I) tool. Outcomes of interest were global QoL, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, and constipation) and pain.

Results

Seven studies including 1402 patients were analysed. QoL following TPE generally improves over time, back to baseline or better. AR and APE groups have similar patterns of improvement between baseline and 12 months after surgery, although scores declined in some studies at 12 months. TPE scores are lower overall, and the pattern of improvement differs, with patients tending to have worse nausea and vomiting symptoms. AR and APE patients tend to experience more lower GI symptoms.

Conclusion

It is not possible to draw firm conclusions based on the studies analysed. However, QoL returns to baseline following TPE, APE and AR. Preoperative QoL appears to be an indication of postoperative outcomes. Further observational studies are required.
Shifts in ecosystem equilibria following trophic rewilding
Authors: Hoeks Selwyn , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , Boonman Coline C. F. , Faurby Søren , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Harfoot Michael B. J. , Santini Luca
Published: October 2023

Aim

Trophic rewilding is proposed as an approach to tackle biodiversity loss by restoring ecosystem dynamics through the reintroduction of keystone species. Currently, evidence on the ecological consequences of reintroduction programmes is sparse and difficult to generalize. To better understand the ecological consequences of trophic rewilding, we simulated the extinction and reintroduction of large‐bodied mammals under different environmental conditions.

Location

Europe.

Methods

We selected four locations varying in productivity and seasonality in Europe and used a general ecosystem model called Madingley to run simulations. We initialized the model using body mass limits of a European Holocene baseline; we then removed large mammals and let the model converge to a new equilibrium. Next, we reintroduced the previously removed groups to assess whether the equilibrium would shift back to the initial condition. We tested three different reintroduction scenarios, in order to disentangle the importance of the different large mammal groups.

Results

The removal of large‐bodied mammals led to cascading effects, mainly resulting in increases in smaller‐bodied herbivores and the release of mesopredators. Post‐reintroduction, the system's new equilibrium state was closer to the initial equilibrium for stable and productive locations compared to highly seasonal and low‐productive locations. The maximum trait space volume of the initial state and the post‐reintroduction state varied by 9.1% on average over all locations, with an average decrease in trait combinations of 6.6%. The body mass distribution differed by 28%, comparing the initial state to the post‐reintroduction state.

Main Conclusions

Our simulation results suggest that reintroducing locally extinct large‐bodied mammals can broadly restore shifts in ecosystem structure, roughly resembling the baseline ecosystem conditions. However, the extent to which the ecosystem's state resembles the original ecosystem is largely dependent on the reintroduction strategy (only herbivores and omnivores vs. also carnivores) and timing, as well as local environmental conditions.
Climate change linked to vampire bat expansion and rabies virus spillover
Authors: Van de Vuurst Paige , Qiao Huijie , Soler‐Tovar Diego , Escobar Luis E.
Published: October 2023

Bat‐borne pathogens are a threat to global health and in recent history have had major impacts on human morbidity and mortality. Examples include diseases such as rabies, Nipah virus encephalitis, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Climate change may exacerbate the emergence of bat‐borne pathogens by affecting the ecology of bats in tropical ecosystems. Here, we report the impacts of climate change on the distributional ecology of the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus across the last century. Our retrospective analysis revealed a positive relationship between changes in climate and the northern expansion of the distribution of D. rotundus in North America. Furthermore, we also found a reduction in the standard deviation of temperatures at D. rotundus capture locations during the last century, expressed as more consistent, less‐seasonal climate in recent years. These results elucidate an association between D. rotundus range expansion and a continental‐level rise in rabies virus spillover transmission from D. rotundus to cattle in the last 50 years of the 120‐year study period. This correlative study, based on field observations, offers empirical evidence supporting previous statistical and mathematical simulation‐based studies reporting a likely increase of bat‐borne diseases in response to climate change. We conclude that the D. rotundus rabies system exemplifies the consequences of climate change augmentation at the wildlife–livestock–human interface, demonstrating how global change acts upon these complex and interconnected systems to drive increased disease emergence.
Infection epidemiology in relation to different therapy phases in patients with haematological malignancies receiving CAR T‐cell therapy
Authors: Garcia‐Pouton Nicol , Ortiz‐Maldonado Valentín , Peyrony Oliver , Chumbita Mariana , Aiello Tommaso Francesco , Monzo‐Gallo Patricia , Lopera Carlos , Puerta‐Alcalde Pedro , Magnano Laura , Martinez‐Cibrian Nuria , Pitart Cristina , Juan Manel , Delgado Julio , Fernandez De Larrea Carlos , Soriano Álex , Urbano‐Ispizua Álvaro , Garcia‐Vidal Carolina
Published: October 2023

Background

We described the real‐life epidemiology and causes of infections on the different therapy phases in patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cells directed towards CD19+ or BCMA+ cells.

Methods

All consecutive patients receiving CAR T‐cell therapy at our institution were prospectively followed‐up. We performed various comparative analyses of all patients and subgroups with and without infections.

Results

Ninety‐one adults mainly received CAR T‐cell therapy for acute leukaemia (53%) and lymphoma (33%). We documented a total of 77 infections in 47 (52%) patients, 37 (48%) during the initial neutropenic phase and 40 (52%) during the non‐neutropenic phase. Infections during the neutropenic phase were mainly due to bacterial (29, 78%): catheter infections (11 [38%] cases), endogenous source (5 [17%]), and Clostridioides difficile (5 [17%]). Patients receiving corticosteroids after CAR T‐cell therapy had a higher risk of endogenous infection (100% vs. 16%; p = .006). During the non‐neutropenic phase, bacterial infections remained very frequent (24, 60%), mainly with catheter source (8, 33%). Respiratory tract infections were common (17, 43%).

Conclusions

Infections after CAR T‐cell therapy were frequent. During the neutropenic phase, it is essential to prevent nosocomial infections and balance the use of antibiotics to lower endogenous bacteraemia and Clostridial infection rates.
Changes in midge assemblages reflect climate and trophic gradients across north temperate and boreal lakes since the pre‐industrial period
Authors: Griffiths Katherine , Jeziorski Adam , Antoniades Dermot , Smol John P. , Gregory‐Eaves Irene
Published: October 2023

North temperate and boreal lakes are affected by a complex suite of anthropogenic stressors, yet little is known about how these ecosystems are faring across the most lake‐rich nation, Canada. The NSERC Canadian Lake Pulse Network is the first large‐scale national survey of its kind, with the aim of assessing the health of Canadian lakes, determined by the deviation of key variables from baseline pre‐industrial conditions (pre‐1880 CE).

We examined midge remains (chironomids and Chaoborus) from modern and pre‐industrial sediment intervals in 67 lakes, spanning a range of sizes, ecozones, and degrees of catchment land‐use change. A marked northwest/southeast divide was evident in the modern chironomid assemblages, which was partially associated with water quality, physiographical and climatic variables, with a small portion of the variance explained by geography alone.

Between the pre‐industrial and modern sediment intervals, taxa typically found in warmer waters increased across the country (p < 0.001); this pattern also was evident in the littoral assemblages (p = 0.01), providing additional support for the influence of warming.

Turnover in chironomid assemblages varied across trophic classes. Mesotrophic lakes showed increases in macrophyte‐associated taxa, whereas eutrophic lakes showed declines in littoral taxa, perhaps reflecting increased turbidity, and the increase of low‐oxygen‐tolerant profundal taxa in eutrophic lakes with high human impacts.

Overall, the distribution and dynamics of chironomid assemblages across Canadian lakes appear to be strongly linked to changes in climate and deep‐water oxygen conditions.
Assessment of remotely sensed inventories for land cover classification of public grasslands in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Encabo Jan Bryan M. , Cordeiro Marcos R. C. , Badreldin Nasem , McGeough Emma J. , Walker David
Published: October 2023

Land cover classification is one of the most common applications of remote sensing and is used for developing and modifying land management policies on agricultural landscapes to achieve conservation and economic goals, such as reducing grassland degradation and improving livestock and crop production. In this study, the grassland classification of the crown lands (public grasslands in Canada) from a newly developed remotely sensed dataset in the Prairie Province of Manitoba (i.e., the Manitoba Grassland Inventory, MGI) was assessed in terms of accuracy by comparison to non‐spatial government records. The analysis consisted of (i) converting non‐spatial records from the provincial crown land database to spatially‐defined parcels by performing parcel delineations using geographic information system (GIS) and R programming tools, (ii) summarising the MGI classification at the same spatial scale, and (iii) comparing the agreement between MGI and the crown land database. The most common land cover types identified were: forest (30%) and shrubland (25%), followed by native (10%) and tame (9%) grasslands. However, the class agreements between woody (i.e., forests and shrublands) and grassy (i.e., native and tame grasslands) vegetation classes were low between these datasets because of their spectral similarities. Based on these results, we suggest additional refinements on both sensor and ground data to improve the classification agreement between these datasets. This study is one of the first attempts to compare ground‐collected government records against a remotely sensed product in Manitoba.
Information technology and changing role models in German libraries: The example of OPEN‐CAM
Authors: Raak Christa K. , Unger Sebastian , Martin David D. , Ostermann Thomas
Published: October 2023

Germany has a long tradition of health libraries. From their origin in monasteries, they became centres of knowledge and education. In modern times, this tradition has been continued by the Central Library of Medicine. In addition, as a specialty in Germany, special collection areas and special libraries that focus on one topic were established. Those services were transformed to specialized information services and portals as part of the digital transformation process. One of such projects is OPEN‐CAM, which provides literature on integrative medicine in a specialist library and hosts the literature database CAMbase. Based on this example, we show how digital transformation has influenced the library landscape and its structures in Germany.
Variations in CD4 counts during pregnancy in women living with HIV
Authors: Boucoiran Isabelle , Côté Hélène C. F. , Jodoin Caroline , Elwood Chelsea , Kakkar Fatima , Valois Silvie , Money Deborah M. , Soudeyns Hugo
Published: October 2023

Objective

Our objective was to determine the frequency at which CD4 counts drop below 200 cells/mm3 during pregnancy in women living with HIV and to identify factors associated with this.

Methods

Data from 2005 to 2020 from two prospective Canadian cohorts of pregnant women living with HIV were extracted. As per national guidelines, women received antiretroviral therapy and CD4 counts were monitored once per trimester and at delivery.

Results

Among 775 included cases, 72 (9.3%) had CD4 counts <200 cells/mm3 at the first pregnancy visit. Of the 703 remaining pregnancies with CD4 counts ≥200 cells/mm3 at the initial visit, 20 (2.8%) were associated with a drop to <200 cells/mm3. In univariate analysis, factors associated with this drop were coinfection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus (odds ratio [OR] 4.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52–10.50), lower first visit CD4 counts (OR 0.165, 95% CI 0.08–0.34), and baseline haemoglobin levels <11 g/dL (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.04–8.00). In multivariable analysis, only CD4 count at first visit remained independently associated with this drop. A cut‐off CD4 count ≤450 cells/mm3 at the first pregnancy visit had a sensitivity of 100% to detect cases of CD4 drop to <200 cells/mm3.

Conclusion

A drop of CD4 count to <200 cells/mm3 is uncommon during pregnancy in women living with HIV. Our results suggest that CD4 monitoring only once in pregnancy would be safe in women whose CD4 count is >450 cells/mm3 at the first pregnancy visit.
Preparation and efficacy verification of three‐dimensional printed partitioned multi‐effect precision‐care gel facial mask
Authors: Chen Junli , Liufu Chunqiao , Zhang Wenfang , Luo Chunhong , Fu Kaixia , Lin Jianchang , Liang Jiawei , Yang Wei , Song Fenglan , Yang Fan
Published: October 2023

Objective

A partition multi‐effect precision‐care gel facial mask conforming to facial skin characteristics was prepared using three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology.

Methods

First, the hydrogel matrix and humectant of a 3D‐printed gel for facial masks were screened, and three 3D‐printed gels of arbutin, hexapeptide, and salicylic acid were prepared with whitening, wrinkle removal, and oil control functions, respectively. Skin irritation tests were performed on the gels. Physicochemical properties such as pH, heat and cold tolerance were evaluated. The efficacy of three 3D‐printed gels was assessed by measuring melanin value, wrinkle depression score, and oil secretion. Finally, the facial mask model design and printing parameters were studied, and a partition multi‐effect precision‐care gel facial mask was printed in line with facial skin characteristics.

Results

For the 3D‐printed facial mask, the gel prescription with 2% hydroxyethyl cellulose gel as matrix and 7% glycerol as humectant was the best. The prepared 3D‐printed gel did not irritate the human skin, and its physicochemical properties met the Chinese facial mask industry standard (QB/T2872‐2017). We showed that three types of 3D‐printed gels containing arbutin, hexapeptide, and salicylic acid could be applied to the corresponding parts of the face to solve different problems, such as facial skin dullness, wrinkles, and oil secretion. Therefore, according to facial physiological characteristics, the facial mask model was designed for the forehead and nasolabial fold, which needs to be anti‐wrinkled; the cheek, which needs to be whitened; and the nose and chin, which need oil control. The optimal printing parameters were 0.26 mm nozzle diameter, 90 mm/s printing speed, 30% filling density, 140% wire extrusion ratio, and 0.25 mm layer height. Different skin care effects can be achieved using a three‐nozzle printer to print arbutin, hexapeptide, or salicylic acid gel on the mask's forehead and nasolabial fold, cheek, and nose and chin, respectively.

Conclusion

The 3D‐printed partition multi‐effect care gel facial mask prepared according to the skin features of different parts of the face can overcome the problem of the single skincare effect of the mass‐produced facial masks.
Effects of Horrific Fear Appeals on Public Attitudes Towards AIDS
Authors: Bennett Roger
Published: October 2023

Participants in an attitude change experiment completed questionnaires concerning AIDS. Certain groups were then exposed to a fear‐neutral depiction of the AIDS problem, others to a frightening representation, and the remainder to a horrifically fearsome image. Subjects again filled in the questionnaire one week and eight weeks later. Attitude changes were recorded with respect to respondents' personality type (determined via two well‐known personality assessment instruments) and other characteristics. Individuals with future hedonistic and/or low self‐esteem traits exhibited relatively strong responses to horrific fear‐inducing message. Prior knowledge of the AIDS issue also seemed to influence reactions. Response functions were generally monotonic increasing as the fear/horror level intensified. Reactions to ‘fear‐fact’ communications were especially powerful. No psychological ‘sleeper effects’ or differences in attitude change between introverts and extroverts could be discerned.

This article includes illustrations of some of the material used in the research. Some readers may find them disturbing.
Junctional Proteins of Keratinocytes in Grover's Disease, Hailey‐Hailey's Disease and Darier's Disease
Authors: Hashimoto Ken , Fujiwara Keiko , Harada Masashi , Setoyama Mitsuru , Eto Hikaru
Published: October 2023

Alterations of junctional structures in non‐immune mediated acantholytic diseases (Grover's, Hailey‐Hailey's and Darier's diseases) were examined using monoclonal antibodies against desmosomal attachment constituents (desmoplakin I & II and plakoglobin), desmosomal intercellular cement glycoprotein (desmoglein), protein of adherens junction (vinculin), and protein of gap junction (43Kd connexin). Universal cell surface (transmembrane) glycoprotein CD44 was also studied. In acantholytic foci of these diseases, attachment plaque proteins had dissolved and diffused into the acantholytic cells. The normal dotted linear pattern of immunostaining on the cell membrane was totally lost. In contrast, CD44 was well preserved on the cell membranes of acantholytic cells. Adherens junction and gap junction proteins were mostly preserved. Acantholytic cells of pemphigus vulgaris were similarly studied. In these cells, desmosomal attachment plaque proteins were very well preserved, while intercellular cement substance (desmoglein), adherens junctional proteins (vinculin), and gap junction protein (connexin) were totally absent, either on the cell membrane or in the cytoplasm. Electron microscopy confirmed an early dissolution of attachment plaque. Internalized desmosomal structures were seldom found in acantholytic cells of non‐immune diseases. It was concluded that the primary event in acantholysis in these three diseases is the dissolution of desmosomal attachment plaque.
Stable‐isotope studies of glutamate catabolism in Fusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: RL White , Ramezani M. , SE Gharbia , Seth R. , AL Doherty‐Kirby , HN Shah
Published: October 2023

Catabolism of glutamate was investigated in Fusobacterium nucleatum, an anaerobic micro‐organism that is strongly implicated in periodontal disease. The distribution of labels in acetate and butyrate derived from [13C]glutamates was determined by NMR spectroscopy and MS. The label from L‐[5‐13C]glutamate was not incorporated, whereas C‐1 of acetate and butyrate were efficiently labelled by L‐[1‐13C]glutamate; these results indicated that the hydroxyglutarate pathway predominated. In butyrate, enrichment at C‐3 was smaller than C‐1; that this was not due to participation of the methylaspartate pathway was demonstrated by the incorporation of label from L‐[4‐13C]glutamate into only C‐2 of acetate and C‐4 (major)/C‐2 (minor) of butyrate. The presence of label at a second site in butyrate was attributed to the synthesis of butyrate from acetate and verified by the incorporation of label from [1,2‐13C2]‐ and [2H3]‐acetate.