bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Netarsudil as an Adjunctive Therapy: Efficacy and Factors Contributing to a Favorable IOP-Lowering Effect
Authors: Samuel Sandy , El Helwe Hani , Neeson Cameron E. , Hall Nathan , Meshkin Ryan Sameen , Odishelidze Nino , Ye Rebecca , Chang Ta C. , Solá-Del Valle David
Published: December 2022

Purpose. The aim of the study is to assess netarsudil’s intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering potential when prescribed as an adjunctive agent, to examine the effect of baseline IOP on patients’ response to netarsudil, and to explore patients’ characteristics predictive of pronounced responses to netarsudil. Methods. This is a single-center, multiprovider retrospective cohort study set at Massachusetts Eye and Ear. Patients with a diagnosis of glaucoma or ocular hypertension on netarsudil and at least one other hypotensive agent for glaucoma who had at least one month of follow-up were included. Patients with additional procedures or glaucoma medication changes were excluded. The main outcome measures were IOP reduction, Kaplan–Meier survival analyses, netarsudil responder type, and complication rates. Results. 236 eyes of 236 patients were included. The mean baseline IOP was 19.06 ± 4.6 mmHg on an average of 4 ocular hypotensive medications. 196 (83.1%) patients experienced IOP reduction at the first follow-up visit of 2.84 ± 0.30 mmHg at 55.66 ± 51.89 days. IOP reduction at the second visit among these patients was 3.01 ± 0.44 mmHg at 133.24 ± 77.63 days. After starting netarsudil, 59% had a sustained response (median duration of 315 days), 25% had a robust response (>20% IOP reduction for at least 80% of visits), and 10% had a super response (>20% and >10 mmHg IOP reduction). Netarsudil was effective as an adjunctive therapy across all baseline IOP categories with greater relative IOP reduction in higher baseline IOP groups. Conclusions. Netarsudil is an effective adjunctive glaucoma therapy. IOP reductions between 2 and 3 mmHg are typical, but a minority had more pronounced and sustained effects (>10 mmHg). Further analysis is needed to assess specific demographic and clinical factors predictive of these robust responses.
Research on Optimization of Large Flow Hydraulic Punching Process in Zhaozhuang Mine
Authors: Zhang Jiabao , Li Dingqi
Published: December 2022

Taking hydraulic punching test of Zhaozhuang Mine as engineering background, by comparing the field application effects of different hydraulic punching processes, the relationship between coal moisture content around the borehole blockage and gas extraction effect was monitored and analyzed. The following conclusions were drawn: the occurrence of borehole blockage was the result of the comprehensive action of coal slag particle size and slag discharge capacity of punching return water. Blocking the borehole led to the accumulation of a large amount of punching high-pressure water and coal slag in the borehole, which compressed and infiltrated the surrounding coal body and reduced gas extraction efficiency of borehole. Under the condition of the same amount of coal produced by punching, the different punching methods led to the great difference in the influence radius of punching. The large flow three-stage coal-breaking hydraulic punching system developed according to the borehole blockage mechanism can effectively reduce the particle size of coal slag, increase the punching flow, effectively avoid borehole blockage, and improve gas extraction efficiency of borehole.
Hepatitis C Seroconversion Remains High among Patients with Regular Hemodialysis: Study of Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Dharmesti Ni Wayan Wina , Wibawa I Dewa Nyoman , Kandarini Yenny
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims. Hemodialysis patients have a higher risk of hepatitis C compared to the general population. The burden of hepatitis C infection among hemodialysis patients is substantial and was estimated to rise constantly. This study is aimed at determining the frequency of HCV seroconversion and associated risk factors among hemodialysis patients in our unit. Methods. An analytical cross-sectional study involving patients from 2 dialysis units (1 referral hospital and 1 private dialysis unit) in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, from January 2020 to December 2021. We evaluated age, gender, duration of hemodialysis, vascular access, history of transfusion, history of surgery, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and type of dialyzer as possible risk factors of hepatitis C seroconversion among hemodialysis patients. Results. A total of 338 hemodialysis patients were enrolled in this study. We found hepatitis C seroconversion in 94 patients (27.8%), all of which occurred after regular dialysis was started. Vascular access type (OR 42.07, 95% CI 5.757–307.472) and dialyzer reuse (OR 8.324, 95% CI 4.319–16.044) were showing a statistically significant association with hepatitis C seroconversion. A separate analysis on each dialysis unit found common evidence that the duration of dialysis was significantly associated with hepatitis C infection among hemodialysis patients. Conclusion. Hepatitis C seroconversion among dialysis patients remains high. Factors related to the dialysis procedure itself played a major role in transmitting the virus.
Adaptive Spatial Regularization Target Tracking Algorithm Based on Multifeature Fusion
Authors: Tohti Turdi , Guo Xifeng , Hamdulla Askar
Published: December 2022

The accuracy and robustness of object-tracking algorithms are challenging tasks in the field of artificial intelligence. The discriminative correlation filter has fast tracking speed and target discrimination ability in visual target tracking, but it will be affected by unnecessary boundary effects. Although spatially regularized discriminative correlation filters (SRDCF) effectively solve this problem, it faces a slow tracking speed and cannot meet the real-time requirement. Moreover, the constraints added by this algorithm are fixed during the tracking process, which needs to reflect better the characteristics and appearance changes of a particular object. Therefore, we propose an adaptive spatial regularization target tracking model based on multifeature fusion and learn the spatial regularization weights by adaptive spatial regularization terms, so that the filter can adapt to the changes of the target, which can highlight the target area and suppress the background area more accurately. At the same time, in order to cope with the problem of target loss when the target is obscured by a large area or rotated to a large extent, texture features are introduced to improve the deficiencies of HOG features and CN features, so as to achieve the complementary advantages among different features. In addition, the benchmark algorithm SRDCF uses Gaussian–Seidel iterative method to solve the filter, which makes the tracking speed very slow and cannot be tracked in real time. Therefore, this paper proposes an ADMM (alternating direction method of multiplier) algorithm to optimize the solution of the filter and achieve the tracking real-time requirement. The experimental results on the OTB-2015 dataset show that the accuracy and success rate of the improved algorithm reach 86% and 81.9%, respectively. At the same time, in the OTB-2013 dataset, it has increased by 3.4% and 6.3%, respectively, on the basis of the benchmark algorithm. It is verified that the improved model not only improves the robustness of the algorithm but also can better adapt to the changes of the target, while effectively reducing the computational overhead and meeting the tracking real-time requirements.
Impact of Digital Transformation of Engineering Enterprises on Enterprise Performance Based on Data Mining and Credible Bayesian Neural Network Model
Authors: Liu Zhenfan
Published: December 2022

Enterprise performance’s path choice is impacted by DT (digital transformation). However, from the standpoint of the digital economy, there is currently a dearth of research studying the effect of DT on company performance. The rise of big data technologies makes it feasible to collect comprehensive and objective information. In order to do this, we suggest a new forecasting technology that fully utilises DM (data mining) technology to implement the forecasting process, processes the enterprise’s quantitative financial index data, and creates a model. The enterprise performance is forecasted by the reliable Bayesian neural network model of the innovative project portfolio, and the logic of the model architecture is demonstrated. The findings demonstrate that as sample numbers rise, the average accuracy of training samples gradually drops while the average accuracy of test samples gradually rises. The average accuracy of training samples is 0.726, while the average accuracy of validation samples is 0.652 when there are 150 samples. The analysis of the results demonstrates that this study successfully integrates DM into the corporate performance prediction model.
Crescentic Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis in the Setting of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: DiFranza Lanny T. , Chafouleas Eleas , Katipally Swapna , Stokes M.Barry , Kudose Satoru , Sekulic Miroslav
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI) therapy is used to treat various malignancies; however, it can be associated with off-target effects including kidney injury. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis is the most commonly described renal pathology associated with ICPIs, although less frequently, glomerulopathies may be identified when a kidney biopsy is performed in the work-up of acute kidney injury (AKI). Case Presentation: Two patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with etoposide, carboplatin, and the ICPI atezolizumab. During 2 and 1.5 months of atezolizumab therapy, respectively, patients developed AKI, hematuria, and proteinuria, and kidney biopsies were performed. Both biopsies showed fibrillary glomerulonephritis with focal crescentic features. One patient died 5 days after the kidney biopsy, while the second showed improvement of renal function after discontinuation of atezolizumab and initiation of corticosteroid therapy. Discussion: We describe two cases of fibrillary glomerulonephritis with crescents after administration of atezolizumab. Development of impaired kidney function following initiation of ICPI therapy in both cases raises the possibility that ICPI therapy may potentiate the development of endocapillary proliferation and crescents (i.e., an “active” glomerulitis) via immune modulation. Thus, exacerbation of underlying glomerulonephritis should be kept in the differential diagnosis of patients who develop AKI, proteinuria, and hematuria following ICPI therapy.
The characteristics of efficacious leader in higher education: A literature review
Authors: Siswanto Ibnu , Wu Mingchang , Ma Hongbo , Arifin Zainal , Solikin Moch , Widyianto Agus
Published: December 2022

University is a remarkable institution which is always expected to change the world through its constantly innovative technology and science advancement and civilization promotion. Academic institution relies on its efficacious leader with vision and implementation to fully accomplish its missions. However, limited attention goes to this crucial leader’s requirements and characteristics, even faculty members in the higher education institutions studiously conduct research for external organizations. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis addressing innovative academic leader’s characteristics based on the current global situation, university mission, and unique culture. Finally, this article concluds the competencies and characteristics of efficacious academic leader demands in this changing era: envisioning the institutional future, integrating social resources with reciprocity, modeling the way with morality and integrity, executing university missions with professions and humanity, empowering team members with full support, and inspiring students with humanity. Those integrated characters could effectively guide faculty members for their future self-development, and contribute to achieving university mission on science development, producing high-quality human resources, and contributing of the human civilization promotion. This conclusion retrospectively raises further suggestions for future study, how faculty members build these characters considering the unique and complex situation of interpersonal and external factors within the university.
Effects of technology-integrated formative assessment on students' conceptual and procedural knowledge in chemical equilibrium
Authors: Hagos Tadesse , Andargie Dereje
Published: December 2022

The impacts of a technology-integrated formative assessment technique on students' conceptual and procedural knowledge in studying chemical equilibrium are studied in this study. To attain the purpose, a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest strategy nested with a qualitative study method was adopted. The study has three groups: two experimental and one comparative. A random sample strategy was utilized to select two intact classes for treatment and one intact class for comparison groups. Data was collected using the chemical equilibrium conceptual test, the procedural test, and classroom observation. The data was examined using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (one-way ANOVA, one-way MANOVA, and Pearson product moment correlation). According to the findings, technology-integrated formative assessment processes outperformed traditional techniques and formative assessment strategies alone in enhancing students' conceptual and practical understanding of chemical equilibrium. Similarly, when technology-integrated formative assessment processes are used, classroom observations show that students have a strong motivation to learn and that the instructor is more skilled than the other two teachers. Technology-integrated formative assessment processes were shown to be more effective than the other two groups in promoting students' conceptual and procedural understanding when learning chemical equilibrium.
Social science education students’ preparedness for problem-based hybrid learning
Authors: Amin Saiful , Sumarmi Sumarmi , Prasad Ravinesh Rohit
Published: December 2022

This research aims to investigate social science education students’ preparedness before they attend problem-based hybrid learning (PBHL). This research is quantitative research with an explorative survey method conducted on college students taking Social Science Education Program in Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia. The participant of this study were 118 students, subsisting of 32 male and 86 female students. This research used a questionnaire with a 1-4 Likert scale as an instrument to measure students’ readiness, weighted from their motivation, prospective behavior, and information and communication technolog (ICT) skills. The data collection process was carried out through Google Form in April 2020. This research used descriptive quantitative analysis to discover students’ preparedness and one-way ANOVA to identify the effect of gender type to the students’ preparation in PBHL. The results of this research show that social science education students’ preparedness (motivation, prospective behavior, and ICT skills) in PBHL is classified high, namely in the B+ category. Furthermore, the gender type has no significant effect on students’ preparedness for PBHL (p0.05). Recommendation based on the research result is the university has to facilitate easy internet access, such as by accelerating the bandwidth, internet connection, and promote other policies that support PBHL.
ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ В НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПРОЦЕС ЛІКАРІВ-ІНТЕРНІВ ТА СТУДЕНТІВ КОМПЛЕКСНОЇ ПРОГРАМИ НАДАННЯ ДОПОМОГИ ЛЮДЯМ, ЩО ПОСТРАЖДАЛИ ВНАСЛІДОК ВОЄННИХ ДІЙ
Authors: Венгер О. П. , Іваніцька Т. І. , Мисула Ю. І. , Смашна О. Є. , Сас Л. М. , Білоус В. С. , Люта О. О. , Гусєва Т. П. , Коваль М. Є. , Пастушак В. О.
Published: December 2022

Вступ. Внаслідок повномасштабного вторгнення росії в Україну виникла необхідність удосконалити навики роботи спеціалістів, підготувати нові кваліфіковані кадри, розробити програми та методичний інструментарій, аби забезпечити якісну та доступну допомогу у сфері охорони психічного здоров’я для людей, що постраждали внаслідок воєнних дій.
Мета: удосконалити навчальні програми підготовки лікарів-інтернів за спеціальністю «Психіатрія» та студентів, враховуючи воєнний стан та необхідність надавати психіатричну, психотерапевтичну та психологічну допомогу внутрішньо переміщеним особам (ВПО), військовослужбовцям ЗСУ та людьми, які пережили травматичні події.
Матеріали і методи. Протягом дослідження нами було опитано 537 осіб: з них 379 внутрішньо переміщених та 158 військовослужбовців ЗСУ. Для проведення дослідження та оптимізації отриманих результатів нами було використано психометричні шкали, психопатологічний, патодіагностичний, клініко-діагностичний, бібліографічний метод та метод структурно-логічного аналізу. Методичною основою дослідження став системний підхід.
Результати. У ході проведено обстеження внутрішньо переміщених осіб та військовослужбовців, ми виявили значну потребу фахової допомоги у сфері психічного здоров’я. Оскільки прогностично, дана проблема буде щороку набувати актуальності та поширеності, виникла необхідність удосконалити навчальні програми лікарів-інтернів за спеціальністю «Психіатрія». Дані впровадження включають усі необхідні навики для роботи з даною цільовою групою людей і можуть слугувати прикладом для удосконалення навчальних програм для студентів, що навчаються на кафедрі.
Висновки. Запроваджена програма та проведені обстеження активно сприяють розвитку клінічного мислення майбутнього лікаря, дають необхідні знання, алгоритми дій, тренують оперативно діяти у критичній ситуації та надавати якісну психіатричну допомогу ВПО та військовослужбовцям ЗСУ. Вивчення таких тем, як гостра реакція на стрес, розлади адаптації, посттравматичний стресовий розлад є особливо актуальними для студентів, тому важливо додати до програми предмету «Психіатрія та наркологія» додаткові години для вивчення проблем і методів боротьби з ними.
Вибір лікувальних засобів для місцевого застосування у комплексному лікуванні захворювань пародонта
Authors: Ремезюк І. Г. , Авдєєв О. В.
Published: December 2022

Резюме. Захворювання пародонта широко розповсюджені серед різних вікових груп. В умовах індустріалізації суспільства генералізований пародонтит має схильність все частіше бути діагностованим у молоді.
Мета дослідження – вивчити наявні схеми лікування захворювань пародонта та обґрунтувати вибір місцевих засобів у їх комплексному лікуванні.
Матеріали і методи. Проведено аналіз літературних джерел. Відповідні матеріали були знайдені у пошукових системах «PubMed» та «Google Scholar», Національній бібліотеці імені В. І. Вернадського, використовуючи пошук за ключовими словами та заголовками.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У даній статі подано огляд літератури щодо вивчення місцевих засобів при лікуванні захворювань пародонта. Описані сучасні схеми лікування і приклади місцевих засобів.
Висновки. Місцеві лікувальні засоби зменшують кількість патогенної мікрофлори в пародонтальних кишенях у поєднанні з механічним видаленням зубних відкладень. Надалі планується порівняти у пацієнтів із захворюваннями пародонта кріофілізовану очеревину, яка просочена офіцинальними засобами на основі хлоргекседину, та в комбінації із гіалуроновою кислотою – PerioAid 0.12 %, PerioAid 0.20 % Chlorhexidine+Hyaluronic acid.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ГОСТРОЇ ТОКСИЧНОСТІ ПЕСАРІЇВ «ЛАКТОВАГІН»
Authors: Aleinyk S. L. , Polova Z. M.
Published: December 2022

Мета. Дослідити гостру токсичність песаріїв під умовною назвою «Лактовагін» на лабораторних тваринах.

Матеріали і методи. Об’єкт дослідження: песарії «Лактовагін», що містять субстанцію Lactobacillus IMB B-7280 з пробіотичною активністю, та можуть використовуватись для лікування та профілактики дисбіотичних порушень у жінок. Дослідження гострої токсичності проводили на мишах-самицях лінії BALB/c при однократному застосуванні розробленого лікарського засобу при двох шляхах введення: інтравагінальному та внутрішньошлунковому. Статистичну обробку результатів здійснювали за допомогою ліцензійного програмного забезпечення MedStat v.5.2. Відмінності показників вважали статистично значущими при р<0,05.

Результати й обговорення. Основними критеріями визначення токсичної дії препарату були загибель тварин, прояви інтоксикації, зниження індивідуальної та групової маси тварин порівняно з вихідною масою, що не спостерігали під час проведення даного експерименту. Під час щоденних оглядів тварин після однократного введення песаріїв «Лактовагін» не виявлено жодних патологічних поведінкових та фізіологічних проявів. Приріст індивідуальної та групової маси мишей був фізіологічним на рівні 3,5–4,1 % для дослідних груп, 2,8 % – для інтактного контролю. Наприкінці експерименту тварини підлягали евтаназії з метою проведення патоморфологічних досліджень, при проведенні яких не спостерігали патологічні зміни внутрішніх органів та головного мозку. Статистично значущих відмінностей між коефіцієнтами маси внутрішніх органів мишей-самиць для різних груп не виявлено.

Висновки. З огляду на отримані дані після проведення експерименту, а саме: летальність мишей на рівні 0 %, позитивну динаміку приросту індивідуальної та групової маси тіла лабораторних тварин, відсутність ознак патології при проведенні патоморфологіних досліджень, можна припустити, що песарії «Лактовагін», що містять субстанцію Lactobacillus casei IMB B-7280 з пробіотичною активністю, є відносно безпечними та нешкідливими.
New Classification for the Combined Assessment of the Fractional Excretion of Urea Nitrogen and Estimated Plasma Volume Status in Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Nogi Kazutaka , Ueda Tomoya , Nakamura Takuya , Nogi Maki , Ishihara Satomi , Nakada Yasuki , Hashimoto Yukihiro , Nakagawa Hitoshi , Nishida Taku , Seno Ayako , Onoue Kenji , Watanabe Makoto , Saito Yoshihiko
Published: December 2022

Background

The fractional excretion of urea nitrogen (FEUN) has been used as a renal blood flow index related to cardiac output, and the estimated plasma volume status (ePVS) as a body fluid volume index. However, the usefulness of their combination in acute decompensated heart failure (HF) management is unclear. We investigated the effect of 4 hemodynamic categories according to the high and low FEUN and ePVS values at discharge on the long‐term prognosis of patients with acute decompensated HF.

Methods and Results

Between April 2011 and December 2018, we retrospectively identified 466 patients with acute decompensated HF with FEUN and ePVS values at discharge. Primary end point was postdischarge all‐cause death. Secondary end points were (1) the composite of all‐cause death and HF readmission, and (2) HF readmission in a time‐to‐event analysis. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the high/low FEUN (≥35%, <35%) and ePVS (>5.5%, ≤5.5%) values at discharge: high‐FEUN/low‐ePVS, high‐FEUN/high‐ePVS, low‐FEUN/low‐ePVS, and low‐FEUN/high‐ePVS groups. During a median follow‐up period of 28.1 months, there were 173 all‐cause deaths (37.1%), 83 cardiovascular deaths (17.8%), and 121 HF readmissions (26.0%). The Kaplan–Meier curve analysis showed that the high‐FEUN/low‐ePVS group had a better prognosis than the other groups (log‐rank test,
P
<0.001). In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, the low‐FEUN/high‐ePVS group had a higher mortality than the high‐FEUN/low‐ePVS group (hazard ratio, 2.92 [95% CIs, 1.73–4.92;
P
<0.001]).

Conclusions

The new classification of the 4 hemodynamic profiles using the FEUN and ePVS values may play an important role in improving outcomes in patients with stable acute decompensated HF.
Left Ventricular Apical Aneurysm in Fabry Disease: Implications for Clinical Significance and Risk Stratification
Authors: Chang Hao‐Chih , Kuo Ling , Sung Shih‐Hsien , Weng Ching‐Yao , Chen Chun‐Ku , Niu Dau‐Ming , Chen Shih‐Ann , Yu Wen‐Chung
Published: December 2022

Background

A previously underrecognized phenotype of left ventricular apical aneurysm (LVAA) has been increasingly identified in Fabry disease. This study explored LVAA's clinical prevalence and its prognostic implications over a long‐term follow‐up.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively analyzed 268 consecutive patients with Fabry disease at a tertiary medical center. Patients with increased left ventricular mass index were recognized as having left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). LVAA was identified using either echocardiography or cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Two patients with ischemic LVAA were excluded. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular events, including heart failure hospitalization, sustained ventricular tachycardia, ischemic stroke, and all‐cause mortality. Of 266 enrolled patients, 105 (39.5%) had LVH (age 58.5±11.9 years, 48.6% men), and 11 (10.5%) had LVAA. Over 49.3±34.8 months of follow‐up, 25 patients with LVH experienced composite events, including 9 heart failure hospitalizations, 4 sustained ventricular tachycardia, 6 ischemic strokes, and 15 mortalities. In patients with LVH, those with LVAA had a significantly higher risk of composite events and lower event‐free survival than those without LVAA (8 [72.7%] versus 17 [18.1%], log‐rank
P
<0.001). LVAA was independently associated with an increased risk of composite events (hazard ratio, 3.59 [95% CI, 1.30–9.91];
P
=0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, advanced heart failure, renal function, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular diastolic function, and left ventricular mass index.

Conclusions

LVAA is present in approximately 10% of patients with Fabry disease and LVH. It is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events and may necessitate aggressive treatment.
Droughts, Famines, and Chronicles: The 1780s Global Climatic
Anomalies in Highland Ethiopia
Authors: Gooding Philip
Published: December 2022

Climatological data suggest that the key driver of drought in Highland Ethiopia, and in the wider Indian Ocean World, during the early 1780s was an El Niño Southern Oscillation anomaly. Ethiopia during this period—an early decade in the zemene mesafint (1769–1855)—endured considerable political instability. The lack of documentary evidence and an over-reliance on the Ethiopian Royal Chronicles has led historians to view reports of “famine” during the early zemene mesafint as indicative of severe environmental stress. A more critical reading of the Chronicles, by contrast, suggests that integrating its reports of warfare with the climatological record presents a more accurate chronology of drought severity and possible occurrences of famine.
To tag ornot to tag: comparative performance of tagging and photo-identification in a long-term mark-recapture of Juvenile Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas)
Authors: Buteler Candela , Bardier Cecilia , Cabrera Mario Roberto , Gonzalez Yaco , Vélez-Rubio Gabriela Manuela
Published: December 2022

Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods are widely used to estimate population parameters and to collect data on animal demography, migration, and life history. Sea turtle research programs generally use artificial tags, an invasive method. Photo-identification (PID) methods have become an important tool for animal identification. Herein, we assessed the effectiveness of a PID method for marking green turtles (Chelonia mydas) compared to traditional methods (artificial tags). As a part of a long-term CMR study, green turtles have been tagged and photographed since 2001. We analyzed 1917 captures with left and right side photographs of tagged turtles using Wild-ID software, these results were compared with tag-recapture data to assess error rates (false positives and negatives), and different effectiveness metrics. A combination of PID and tags (a match from either method was considered a recapture) was the most error-free and efficient criterion for identification of recaptures; however, it was the most time consuming and invasive criterion as well. We also assessed the effect of image quality indicators on the error rates of PID. We found that turtle cleanliness increases the similarity of images (indirectly related to false negatives), but we found no effect of sharpness, angle, light condition, or width and height in pixels of images on error rates. We could conclude that if image quality is improved, tags could be substituted by PID. However, we strongly recommend researchers to consider local situations (occurrence of by-catch or stranded dead turtles, for which tags are still necessary) before deciding to apply only PID.
History and its Discontents
Authors: Seth Vanita
Published: December 2022

Through an engagement with Massimiliano Tomba’s work Insurgent Universality, this paper explores the possibilities and limitations that reside at the heart of historical thinking.
The Future Is the Termination Shock: On the Antinomies and Psychopathologies of Geoengineering. Part One
Authors: Malm Andreas
Published: December 2022

As capitalist society remains incapable of addressing climate breakdown, one measure is waiting in the wings: solar geoengineering. No other technology can cut global temperatures immediately. It would alleviate the symptoms of the crisis, not its causes. But might it be combined with radical emissions cuts? This essay, the first instalment of two, scrutinises the rationalist-optimist case for geoengineering: the idea that soot planes in the sky can shield the Earth from the worst heat while society rids itself of fossil fuels. A more likely outcome is that they encourage business-as-usual to continue, while negative side-effects from geoengineering itself pile up. The logic of the enterprise points in the direction of a catastrophic termination shock. A subsequent, second instalment will subject geoengineering to a materialist psychoanalysis and argue that it represents a fantasy of repression, setting itself up for a dreadful return of the repressed.
Pondering the Legacy of Geo Widengren: Isolated Genius, or Uncritical Supporter of a Band of Brothers?
Authors: Larsson Göran
Published: December 2022

This article is both an introduction to a collection of papers that critically discuss and evaluate the volume The Legacy, Life and Work of Geo Widengren and the Study of the History of Religions after World War II, which I edited and published with Brill in 2021, as well as an opportunity for me to think with and about the Swedish historian of religions, Geo Widengren (1907–1996). Widengren was the holder of the chair in the History of Religions and Psychology of Religions at Uppsala University between 1940 and 1973.
The Case for Studying Non-Muslim Islams
Authors: Petersen Jesper , Ackfeldt Anders
Published: December 2022

In this article we define a new concept that has not previously been theorized: non-Muslim Islam. We argue that theories and methodologies within Islamic studies produce a hierarchy between Muslim and non-Muslim productions of Islam, prioritizing the first. However, this article highlights that Islam may be produced for other purposes than belief in a deity; Islam may for example be important in producing non-Muslim identity, politics, aesthetics, narratives, etc. We therefore argue the case for studying non-Muslim Islam, because: 1) Non-Muslim Islams play an important role in Euro-American societies and are therefore interesting in and of themselves; 2) Non-Muslim Islams have a significant impact on Muslim Islams, and thus, we will not understand Muslim Islams without a clear understanding of non-Muslim Islams; 3) It is a way of insisting on an etic research epistemology. The article ends with a discussion of ethical and strategic benefits of adopting this approach.
A New Perspective to Resolve Behavioral Biases in Business Negotiation: Dao
Authors: Liang Jiaxin
Published: December 2022

In business negotiations, negotiators’ behavioral biases can lead to irrational negotiation performance and further injure long-term business development. Dao, an ancient Chinese philosophical theory, can provide negotiators with a new perspective on considering reasons and solutions to behavioral biases by analyzing complex situations in business negotiation in a more comprehensive and objective manner. A feature of Dao is Yin Yang, and the essence of Dao is composed of causality and unforeseen events. Causality is not always apparent. According to the Dao framework, the combination of the mix of ‘Yin and Yang,’ ‘broader effects,’ the time gap between cause and effect, and unforeseen events in business negotiation can distort negotiators’ perspectives and lead to behavioral biases. This article discusses the formation of behavioral biases from the perspective of Dao and how to reduce the biases in business negotiations according to the wisdom of Dao.
Intimate Partner Violence in Denmark: a Study of Offending Patterns Based on Official Statistics
Authors: Loewenstein Kristian Moesgaard , Harinam Vincent , Ariel Barak
Published: December 2022

Danish studies of intimate partner violence (ipv) using police data are scarce, in part because access to records had been limited. The present study reduces critical gaps in the scholarly literature by examining ipv offending patterns in Denmark, using nearly 10,000 ipv incidents reported to the North Zealand Police, Denmark (2015–2019). We explore a common framework for analysing ipv, by observing (a) frequency, (b) severity, (c) intermittency, (d) escalation, and (e) concentrations of ipv. Harm is estimated using the Danish Crime Harm Index, which is based on the sentencing guidelines as an objective rod for estimating severity. Findings support the gender-based explanation for ipv, with males causing considerably more and higher harm than female offenders. Furthermore, the likelihood of re-offending only predicable not for 1/3 of the ipv offender population and rarely for high-harm incidents as they usually have no prior or no subsequent contact with the police. While there is a tendency towards escalation of harm between contacts to the police for all offenders, no such consistent pattern is discernible for ipv offenders who cause serious harm to their victims. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
Akteure im Hintergrund
Authors: Amend-Traut Anja
Published: December 2022

Already since the emergence of supra-national trade, merchants and trading companies have made use of so-called Faktoren (factors) to establish and expand their business networks. The increasing differentiation of the factor activity was first taken into account by the case law and commercial expert opinions, so-called pareres, which were subsequently received and finally led to the commercial codifications by constituting their own legal figures for dependent and independent action, in particular the assistants, the power of attorney and the commission. As part of this consolidation process, the special need for protection of trade and its trust in the persons appointed by the principal, who bore the risk of having used third parties for his interests, was implemented. Long before this risk distribution led to the ALR and subsequent trade laws, this fundamental trading ethos was established and further developed by merchants and lawyers alike. Only this further training and transfer to new constellations and legal figures formed the basis for the distinction between a commercial and civil law obligation of the represented person for his representative.
A proposito di un falso solecismo. Note su Crisippo, SVF III 769
Authors: Biondi Francesca
Published: December 2022

The study of solecisms was one of the interests of the Stoic Chrysippus, as testified by Diogenes Laërtius (7, 192); for Lucian Lives at Enchantment 23 the study of solecisms is indeed a distinctive element of his linguistic interests. In SVF III 769 Chrysippus following Zoilus of Amphipolis interprets as a syntax error a particular Homeric verbal form whereas it constitutes the evidence of a rare form relevant for the history of the Greek language.
The Constitutional Dimension of the UN Charter Revisited: Almost One Quarter of a Century Later
Authors: Dupuy Pierre-Marie
Published: December 2022

The question of whether the Charter of the United Nations can be considered as the constitution of the international legal order was first examined by the present author here 25 years ago. At that time, it was noted that this issue raises a number of conceptual and theoretical problems that need to be briefly recalled in this paper. 25 years later, however, the question is whether the practical behaviour of States and the actual impact of their references to the Charter as a “constitution” confirm the validity of this thesis, which, it should be noted, originated in doctrine and was first put forward by scholars from federal States, including, in the first instance, Germany and the United States.

In accordance with the wishes of the editors of this yearbook, the present article was written before the outbreak of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine on 24 February 2022. As a consequence, the examination of State practice both in terms of the authority conferred on the UN Security Council (organic test) and the norms it was able to adopt during that period as well as the way in which the International Court of Justice itself dealt with the Charter (normative test) led to a very nuanced conclusion as to the relevance of the constitutionalist theory in positive law. They also raise the issue of the criteria for appreciating what is a « good theory » one of them being for sure that is should not lead to any kind of dogmatism.

Whatever the case, the very broad condemnation of the Russian aggression in Ukraine from the outset, notably by the United Nations General Assembly meeting in special session, together with the reactions of several other international bodies as well as heads of State or Governments, make it possible to note that the United Nations Charter is indeed still considered, at least by more than three thirds of the members of the United Nations, as the cornerstone of the international legal order. Does this necessarily mean that this instrument should be qualified as a “constitution” in the technical sense that some domestic public laws and political traditions mean it? The question still deserves to be asked. Here again, it very much remains an issue of definition; but the term is probably less important than the actual reality.
Hugo Grotius’s De iure belli ac pacis: A Report on the Worldwide Census of the Sixth Edition (1642, Blaeu)
Authors: Corredera Edward Jones , Dufour Pablo Nicolas , Muschel Lara , Salerno Emanuele , Twining Timothy , Somos Mark
Published: December 2022

This article constitutes the sixth instalment in our series on the census and study of the reception of the first nine editions of De iure belli ac pacis. This edition has long held a prominent place in studies and editions of Grotius’s work since it was the last published during his lifetime. The report first outlines the genesis of the edition in the context of Grotius’s relationship with Johann Blaeu (1596–1673) and Cornelius Blaeu (1610–1642), who had recently inherited the Blaeu print firm from their father Willem. It then elucidates a number of crucial ways in which the 1642 edition differed from the five previous editions, especially via the addition of an extensive new series of annotations to ibp and a separate set addressed to the Epistle of Philemon. Finally, it concludes by providing the preliminary results of the census concerning the one hundred and twenty-one copies we have found.
ngo-ization as Legitimization: The “Engineering” of a Senegalese Shi‘i Islamic Development Model
Authors: Leichtman Mara A.
Published: December 2022

Senegal’s Shi‘i Muslim leaders have been establishing religious centers as ngo s, which bring material and spiritual development to neighborhoods and villages. Obtaining ngo status grants legitimacy and convinces a growing network of followers of the wider benefits of adhering to a minority branch of Islam. This article uses a framework of “development brokerage,” “religious engineering,” and “translation” to examine one Shi‘i ngo’s presentation of self. A promotional video illustrates the Shi‘i development project for Western and Muslim donors and the Senegalese state by appropriating the global discourse of international development. This example is contrasted with a religious ceremony for converts grounded in the universal rhetoric of Islamic salvation and the exclusivity of belonging to a local West African community of Shi‘a. Through employing multiple linguistic registers strategically adapted for distinct audiences, ngo leaders assert authority and cultivate a self-sustaining society of moral and ethical Shi‘a able to contribute to the Senegalese nation.
A “diary of events” to support the management actions on two beach-nesting birds of conservation concern: Historicization of experiences, learned lessons, and SWOT analysis
Authors: Battisti Corrado , Perchinelli Marisa , Luiselli Luca , Amori Giovanni
Published: December 2022

During the project management actions, a chain of fine-grained events occur, both of bio-ecological and anthropic origin. While some may be expected or planned, others may be unforeseen. This work proposes the drafting of a ‘diary of events’ reporting bio-ecological and anthropogenic events, these last having both negative and positive impacts. This diary can be carried out using a schematic form, aiming to highlight the cause-effect relationships between events, the management responses, and the lessons learned. Analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (i.e., the internal and external conditioning factors) linked to these events (SWOT analysis) to make a case of study from the real world, we applied this approach to a project aimed at protecting nests of two species of conservation interest (Charadrius alexandrinus and C. dubius) in a protected coastal area of central Italy.
Habit and Doubt in the Classroom: Everyday Media Literacy in a Norwegian Upper Secondary School
Authors: Fasting Mia
Published: December 2022

Even though several students are experienced producers of audiovisual texts in their everyday lives, there is no quick fix to transfer these media production skills to the formal school setting. This article is based on a classroom study from a science class in a Norwegian upper secondary school. Instead of what they have become accustomed to in the subject – making written or oral reports – they were asked to create video reports using smartphone applications they have learned to use in everyday life. The article argues that the students meet such a task with doubt and they do not necessarily draw upon their vernacular skills in the formal school setting were the tradition of the linguistic text is well rooted. The habit of producing verbal texts in school is challenging to break and video production is experienced as difficult and time consuming. However, this article argues that there is much to be gained if teaching supports students to ‘break habits’. While this opens for students’ doubts and hesitations, breaking habits also can inspire inquiry, creativity and new learning.
“Miseries, Tribulations, and Calamities”: António de Gouveia as an Eye-witness to the Seventeenth-century Eurasian Crisis
Authors: Gomes Cristina Costa , Cunha João Teles e
Published: December 2022

The “General Crisis of the Seventeenth-Century” as a concept was first applied to Europe, where the Portuguese Restoration of 1640 was one of its most striking episodes, when a national dynasty dethroned a foreign one. Geoffrey Parker extended its use worldwide, having in mind similar events taking place all over the globe, namely in China, where dynastic transition took centre stage. Some parallels can be drawn between the two sides of Eurasia, though sometimes in opposite terms (e.g., while the Braganzas were Portuguese, the Qing were Manchu).

Among the coincidences occurring in both countries during dynastic changes, there is mention to omens and wondrous signs, interpreted as manifestations of something about to change, breaking away from the old established order which had lost some sort of divine assent. By using the writings of the Portuguese Jesuit António de Gouveia (1592/94–1677), namely his letters, some of which unpublished, we will seek to see how he interpreted these signs and dynastic change in China, while his own country (Portugal) was going through a similar process. We will make use of materials dating from 1636 to the 1650s, to see what kind of parallelisms Gouveia draws between the Chinese seventeenth-century crisis and the Portuguese case, and how he depicts and characterises the events occurring in China.
Settling Water Disputes through International Investment Arbitration: When and by What Standards?
Authors: Hirano Miharu
Published: December 2022

The development of water law as environmental law may trigger disputes over investment projects, which could find their way to international investment arbitration. Consequently, domestic water law and administration can be subjected to international scrutiny. This article analyses relevant investment treaty provisions and cases concerning water resources management to examine (i) when water disputes can be submitted to investment arbitration and (ii) what standards tribunals have applied to settle them. It demonstrates that water disputes over investment projects can widely be covered by investment treaties, but they do not automatically turn water resources into legally protected commodities. Investment arbitration is commonly used by foreign investors to challenge the legality of water-related measures adopted by host States under an applicable investment treaty, it can also be used to enforce domestic environmental law. In most controversial cases, arbitral tribunals applied reasoned decision-making and regulatory coherence as emerging global regulatory standards.
The Conservation of Aquifers in Flanders as a Regulatory Challenge: How to Avoid a Death by a Thousand Cuts?
Authors: Schoukens Hendrik
Published: December 2022

Flanders used to be a region characterized by the presence of wetlands, marshy grasslands and forests. However, during the 20th century, the intensification of agricultural practices, urbanization and industrial activities led to the disappearance of more than 50% of these water-dependent ecosystems. In this article, a case study is carried out on the interplay with the existing regulatory schemes regarding groundwater extraction and drainage and the unfavourable status of many aquifers in Flanders. The main focus is placed on the regulatory approach to the accumulation of incremental impacts on aquifers in the Flemish Region, in particular its capacity to avoid a death by a thousand cuts. Using EU environmental law as a benchmark, this article finds that a multitude of loopholes and exemptions in the Flemish permitting schemes effectively compromises the long-term recovery of vulnerable aquifers in Flanders. Furthermore, the analysis sketches the main solutions that are available to ensure a more sustainable pathway towards the recovery of the Flemish groundwater bodies. In addition to an expansion of the material scope of the existing permitting schemes, which should also include small-scale interventions in nature and water, this article concludes that recent case-law developments before the national and regional courts underline the importance of a more science- and restoration-based understanding of the permitting schemes, which inevitably leads to more scrutiny when authorizing new groundwater abstraction or drainage activities. Finally, the article also underlines the unlocked potential that exists for future litigation strategies focusing on limiting ongoing activities that jeopardize the long-term recovery of vulnerable aquifers.