bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Parenthood to Planet Care? The Evolution of Environmental and Climate Concerns during Family Formation
Authors: Zoch Gundula , Kapelle Nicole
Published: February 2025

We examine the effect of childbirth on parents’ environmental and climate concerns, focusing on potentially dynamic changes in concerns within a timespan of two years before and up to 10 years after birth. Additionally, we explore effect heterogeneities by gender and educational attainment. By using long-running survey data from the German Socio-economic Panel Study (GSOEP, 1984 – 2020, N=108,340) and estimating linear probability models with fixed-effects, we contribute substantially to previous research that has been limited by cross-sectional approaches with mixed or even contradictory results. Contrary to the popular notion that childbirth leads to higher levels of environmentalism based on legacy motives, our results suggest marginal and mostly negative effects of childbirth on environmental and climate concerns. Overall, the effects of childbirth on planetary concerns tended to be less pronounced in the first years after birth. Over time, however, these effects increased and even reversed. We found no exclusive patterns for men and women and nuances of relevance by educational attainment and item design, highlighting the complex nature of the nexus between family formation, gender, and environmentalism. Parents’ slightly reduced focus on environmental and climate challenges may reflect denial mechanisms during highly stressful times, as they prioritize immediate and novel challenges associated with parenthood, often leading to an increase in less environmentally favorable behaviors.
Board Dynamics over the Startup Life Cycle
Authors: Ewens Michael , Malenko Nadya
Published: February 2025

We explore the dynamics of venture capital (VC)-backed startup boards using novel data on director entry, exit, and characteristics. At formation, a typical board is entrepreneur-controlled. Independent directors join the median board after the second financing and hold a tie-breaking vote. Their presence is particularly likely when potential VC-entrepreneur conflicts are larger. At later stages, control switches to VCs and independent director characteristics change. These patterns align with key financial contracting theories, but also highlight unique roles of independent directors over the life cycle: mediation followed by advising. Independent directors thus represent another potential source of value-add to startup performance.
Experiments offering social media users the choice to avoid toxic political content
Authors: Alqabandi Fatima , Tierney Graham , Bail Christopher A. , Hillygus D. Sunshine , Volfovsky Alexander
Published: February 2025

Amid growing concerns that social media algorithms amplify toxic content, platforms are experimenting with giving users more control over their content exposure. This study examines how promises of algorithmic control influence user satisfaction and content evaluation. Offering users the option to avoid toxic political content increases platform satisfaction. However, those who chose this filtering option rated identical posts as more hostile than those without choice. Respondents exposed only to positive posts also rated them as more hostile than those who saw both positive and negative ones. These findings challenge assumptions about user autonomy, showing how promises of control shape expectations and interpretations. Users offered algorithmic control may hold content to stricter standards or shift from passive consumers to active evaluators, attempting to “train” the algorithm. This suggests content curation reflects complex interactions between users and algorithms, where increased autonomy can paradoxically lead to more critical evaluations even as it improves satisfaction.
The Moral Right not to Vote: Exclusionary Permissions & Personal Autonomy’
Authors: Carlsen Häggrot Marcus
Published: February 2025

Citizens of democratic states frequently abstain from political elections. This paper develops a novel account of why democratic citizens have a moral right to so abstain and why non-voting is morally permitted. Specifically, the paper argues that the right not to vote should be interpreted as an exclusionary permission - i.e. as a permission to not act on the reasons that in principle favour voting. And the paper justifies that permission by appealing to citizens fundamental moral claim to be autonomous agents. In developing this argument, the paper improves upon existing arguments for the right not to vote and helps the general public figure out what the legitimate place of non-voting is in a democratic society.
Physician and Medical Representative Interaction in Iraqi Private Sector: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mohammed Samer Imad , Ahmed Majed Hameed  , Fatima Zuhair Ali  , Tabark Qais Khazaal
Published: February 2025

Pharmaceutical companies assign a budget for activities and promotions that aim to change the prescription habits of the physicians to choose the most suitable medications for their patients, which will eventually grow their sales.
The study's objectives were to explore physicians' and medical representatives' perspectives on the criteria of impactful professional PP and the factors influencing the interaction between physicians and medical representatives.
Qualitative in-depth interviews with flexible probing techniques were carried out in 2023. A semi-structured, open-ended interview questionnaire was used to interview physicians and medical representatives (MRs) from different private clinics in several governorates in Iraq.
Ten physicians and ten MRs participated in this study. For physicians, pharmaceutical promotion was a beneficial profession. The number of patients in the clinic of patients and the obtained benefits of the medication were the most important factors interfering with physician acceptance of MR visits, and they usually refused the visit if the MR was from a new or unknown company. The majority requested to be updated about the advantages of the drug, the price, and recent studies about the medications. Regarding MR overviews, most MRs believed that PP enhanced the link between the physician and the patients. The scientific knowledge of the representative was the most important factor affecting the relationship between the physician and MR. For that, most MRs need the company to improve their scientific data about advertised medications and their communication skills. The nature of a company (brand or generic) was the most important factor that affected the decision to accept the visit by a physician. If the physician is busy or the company is new, this sometimes leads to the physician's rejection. Both the physicians and MRs acknowledged that MR could enhance physicians' knowledge of medications. However, some believe this role is limited to scientific MR rather than encompassing all MR.
Finally, we can conclude that various factors and considerations may influence the nature of the physician-MR relationship. Some of these were associated with the company itself, which ought to have equipped MRs with proficient scientific expertise and effective communication skills. The increasing number of generic medications, the presence of numerous medical companies, and the inadequate training of MRs all contribute to the complexities of MR's job and potentially have a negative impact on the future of medical advertising.
Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamic Simulation, ADMET, Synthesis, and Preliminary Cytotoxic Activity of New Triazole-Based Derivatives with Expected Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Activity
Authors: Zaid Mahmood Mohammed  , Ayad Abed Ali Al-Hamashi
Published: February 2025

Targeting histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) is an effective way to treat a variety of diseases, including cancer. A number of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been clinically used. Most of the clinically used HDACi are pan-inhibitors and have poor pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, several attempts are ongoing to develop new HDACis with optimum structural features to overcome the structural limitations. In this work, six new triazole-based compounds (k1-k6) were proposed via special modification of common pharmacophores of HDACi using 1,2,4-triazole as a zinc-binding group (ZBG), diverse group in CAP group, and hydrophobic linker. These compounds were analyzed by docking study against HDAC6, HDAC2, and HDAC8. The docking study revealed that the proposed compounds has docking score of k1 [(E)-4-((thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-N-(1H-1,2,4- triazol-3-yl)benzamide (-8.54 Kcal/mol)], k2 [(E)-4-((phenylimino)methyl)-N-(1H-1,2,4- triazol-3-yl)benzamide (-8.47 Kcal/mol)], k3 [(E)-4-((p-tolylimino)methyl)-N-(1H-1,2,4- triazol-3-yl)benzamide (-8.46 Kcal/mol)], k4 [(E)-4-((naphthalen-2-ylimino)methyl)-N-(1H-1,2,4- triazol-3-yl)benzamide (-8.32 Kcal/mol)], k5 [(E)-4-(((4-bromophenyl)imino)methyl)-N-(1H-1,2,4- triazol-3-yl)benzamide (-7.62 Kcal/mol)], k6 [(E)-4-(((4-methoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)-N-(1H-1,2,4- triazol-3-yl)benzamide (-6.77 Kcal/mol)], and vorinostat (-9.1 Kcal/mol) against HDAC8. The final compounds were synthesized using conventional organic synthesis methods starting from amide bond formation using the coupling reagents EDCi, DMAP, HOBt, and DIPEA, followed by a Schiff base reaction between the produced aldehyde and various amines to afford the final compounds. All reactions were monitored via TLC plates, and purified using recrystallization and/or column chromatography. The chemical structure for the intermediate and final compounds was characterized using IR and NMR spectroscopy. The preliminary MTT assay of compounds k1, k2, and k5showed a comparable antiproliferative activity with vorinostat against HeLa cells with IC50 values for compound k1 (4.9 µM), k2 (5.3 µM) and k5(5.3 µM) while IC50 for vorinostat was (8.4 µM). Most interestingly, compound k5 showed higher antiproliferative activity against A549 lung cancer cells with an IC50 value (4.4 µM) in comparison to vorinostat (9.5 µM), while compounds k1, k2, and k6 have lower cytotoxic effects with IC50 of (19.2, 17.6, and 10.6 µM) respectively.
Polyvinyl Polymer- Based Olanzapine Nanoparticles for Transdermal Delivery: Design, In-vitro and Ex-vivo Evaluation
Authors: AL-shaibani Abulfadhel jaber neamah , Mowafaq M. Ghareeb
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Olanzapine (OLZ) is classified a typical antipsychotic drug, which utilized for treatment of schizophrenia. It possesses poor water solubility and high membrane permeability, so, OLZ classified as class II according to biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS). Its oral bioavailability is (60%) due to poor solubility and extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism. Hence, the objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate the nanoparticles of OLZ for transdermal delivery. Nanoprecipitation method was employed to formulate the nanoparticles, where methanol utilized to dissolve the drug and form organic phase, which was added to an aqueous phase that consist of deionized water and stabilizer at speed of 1ml/min using syringe pump. The formulations of nanoparticles were evaluated by different characterization studies like particle size determination, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and an in vitro release of drug in order to select the optimized formula. The optimized formula was subjected for further studies such as surface morphology by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the compatibility between drug and polymer and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of characterizations revealed that OLZ nanoparticle (OLZ-8) is selected as optimized formula, which consist of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-K15) and OLZ in ratio (2:1). The characteristics of OLZ-8 were mean particle size (95.2±4.66 nm), PDI (0.282±0.18), zeta potential (-17.09 mV), entrapment efficiency (76.4±6.93) and an in vitro release of drug was higher and significant (P<0.05) as compared with other formulations and pure drug. FESEM and AFM revealed that the morphology of nanoparticle OLZ-8 was spherical in shape, also, AFM revealed that the particle size of OLZ-8 is approximate to the size that recorded by zeta sizer. FTIR studies revealed that there was a compatibility between drug and polymer. DSC results indicated that there was a decrease in crystallinity of OLZ. It can be concluded that the optimized formula OLZ-8 was regarded as a promising formula to improve the bioavailability of olanzapine when prepared as dissolving microneedle for transdermal delivery in future.
Lupeol: triterpene from Iraqi Portulaca grandiflora L (Portulacaceae): Its Extraction, identification (GC/MS), Isolation(Combiflash), and Structure Elucidation.
Authors: Hadeel Kareem Mus’hib  , Thukaa Z. Abdul-jalil
Published: February 2025

The plant known as Portulaca grandiflora L belongs to the family of flowering plants known as (Portulacaceae). It is a resilient plant that grows well in harsh environments and serves as a traditional remedy in various nations. Eleven O'clock, Moss-rose, Sunplant, gaddi roja, and Neelakeera are just a few of the popular names that are used to refer to this plant across the globe. The primary concern of the present investigation was establishing the presence of lupeol as a new metabolite in the Iraqi Portulaca grandiflora plant, which is triterpenes, have shown significant efficacy as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, cholesterol-lowering, wound healing, and antidiabetic agents. One hundred grams of the entire plant were subjected to a Soxhlet Apparatus (Hot method) to extract lupeol through n-hexane. Two grams of product was the end yield. Lupeol and other phytochemicals have been identified from the normal-hexane part using the GC/MS technique: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The process of isolating and purifying lupeol included using Combi-Flash NextGen; hexane extract (0.25 g) and silica gel (4 g) were mixed and then placed into cartilage. After that, it was attached to the combi flash gold column with a solvent mixture that consisted of n-hexane: ethyl acetate (90%:10%) for fraction. The n-hexane fraction is very fruitful due to its abundance of diverse chemicals found in plants belonging to many groups, including fatty acids, volatile oils, phytosterols, triterpenes, aldehyde compounds, terpene alcohols, isomers of vitamin E, diterpenes, alkynes, and alkenes. The melting point, ultraviolet UV spectroscopic, TLC, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) characteristics of the amorphous powder that was successfully produced showed that it was structurally identical to lupeol. The discovery of Iraqi Portulaca grandiflora as a novel natural source of lupeol opened new horizons toward this promising plant for pharmacological activities and pharmaceutical applications.
Evaluation of Handling, Storage, and Disposal Practices of Oral Anticancer Medications among Cancer Patients at Home Setting
Authors: Mayyadah Q. Kadhim  , Dheyaa J. Kadhim
Published: February 2025

Oral anticancer medicines are frequently administered to patients with cancer. Regrettably, many medications are administered without appropriate recommendations about handling practices. This study aims to assess the handling, storage, and disposal practices of oral anticancer medication among cancer patients at home. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2023 to February 2024 on adult cancer patients who were administered oral anticancer at the Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Center in Iraq using pre-validated questionnaire. In total, 300 patients were interviewed, with (57%) being male and approximately (47%) falling within the age range of 40 to 60 years. Regarding handling practices, most patients (96.7%) never wore gloves. Among all patient, (53.3%) reported "Never" washing their hands after taking oral anticancer medications. Additionally, (90%) of the patients indicated that they had never received information on the proper handling and storage of oral anticancer medications. Concerning storage practices, almost all (97-99%) of participating patients kept their anticancer medicines away from the reach of children and pets, away from extreme cold/heat, and kept them in their original containers. Storage of oral anticancer drugs in the fridge was reported by (24%) of the patients. Concerning disposal practices, most participating patients (86%) reported not having any expired, unused, or extra medicines. However, (8.3%) of patients dispose of unused medicines in the trash, while (4%) return them to either the medical clinic or the pharmacy, and (0.7%) flush them down the toilet. Patients of younger age were significantly more likely to dispose of extra/expired oral anticancer medications in the trash than other age groups. The current findings of this study propose that patients' practices of handling oral anticancer medicines contradict the published recommendations. Consequently, there is a need for proper and comprehensive education through the use of different formats (written, video, and verbal) to reduce the risks associated with exposure to these medications at home.
Molecular Docking study, Synthesis and Preliminary Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial of New Conjugate of Quinolone-Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Tagreed N-A Omar  , Shahad R. Abid-Alkhalik
Published: February 2025

The carboxylic acid group of quinolones was modified; so, we designed new quinolones derivatives with different antioxidants using Ligand Designer from Glide (Schrodinger LLC). The cap group and the linker were optimized through trying various aliphatic and aromatic residues. A new synthesized derivatives (IIa-Vb) were synthesized by esterification of (ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, nalidixic acid and norfloxacin) with antioxidants (a: vanillin, b: sesamol) through a glycol linker. Based on spectral data (NMR, ATR-FTIR) their structure were confirmed. The synthesized compounds were screened for their Pharmacological activities. In vivo, the anti-inflammatory effect of (IIa-Vb) compounds was estimated using a rat paw edema model and showed good activity for the end compounds IIa and IId, and their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects were subsequently evaluated virtually-molecularly analyzed ; all prepared compounds show-interesting activity compared to the DMSO control group (solvent and control).in vitro, their antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated at concentrations: (12.5, 25 ,50 &100) mg. using well diffusion method ,for antibacterial activity compared to the reference drug (ciprofloxacin) the results showed significant activity from (IIa, IIb &IIIb) at 12.5 mg, (IIa, IIb ,IIIa ,IIIb,Iva & Vb) at 25 mg , IIIb at 50 mg in case of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli); and (Staphylococcus aureus) (IIa, IIb &IIIb) at 12.5 mg, (IIa, IIb) at 25 mg , IIIb at 50 mg about gram-positive bacteria ,also they shown significant antifungal activity against (Candida albicans) compared with Fluconazole drug:(IIa, IIb and IVb) at (50 and 100) mg, (IIb) at 25 mg.  ADMET analysis of quasi-active molecules was performed and demonstrated an acceptable drug-like profile and desirable pharmacokinetic properties.
The effect of Remicade Trough Level on Disease Activity in a Selected Sample of Iraqi Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Reem G Hussein  , Mohammed Qasim Yahya Malallah A. Al-Atrakji
Published: February 2025

Rheumatoid arthritis is a lifelong autoimmune arthritic disorder that mostly impacts the small joints, although it can also affect the larger joints. Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal IgG antibody that specifically targets tumor necrosis factor, a crucial material associated with pathogenic processes. Remicade is an original medication of infliximab. Monitoring the trough level is essential for managing disease activity, while C-reactive protein (CRP) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) are utilized to detect inflammation and anticipate the drug's effectiveness. The study was designed to assess the impact of Remicade trough level on both disease activity and inflammatory biomarkers. A cross-sectional, observational research was carried out at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, involving forty-eight patients who had been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on the ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria and were on treatment with Remicade. After 3 months after starting Remicade treatment, measurements were taken for Remicade trough level, CDAI, ESR, and CRP parameters. After a 3-month course of Remicade therapy, the individuals were categorized into four distinct groups based on their CDAI scores (remission, mild, moderate, and severe groups). The trough level of Remicade during remission is 5.6±0.1248µg/mL. In the mild, moderate, and severe groups, the trough levels of Remicade are 4.22±0.1244µg/mL, 2.342±0.1505µg/mL, and 0.72±0.2518µg/mL, respectively. The CDAI score was considerably greater in the severe disease activity group and reduced gradually in the moderate, mild, and remission groups, respectively. The CDAI scores for the severe group are 20.83+-3.219, for the moderate group are 14.77+-0.6218, for the mild group are 5.5+-0.6337, and for the remission, group are 1.34+-0.1086. Furthermore, the findings indicate an inverse correlation between the Remicade trough level and the levels of ESR and CRP. The reduction in the CDAI score, ESR, and CRP was associated with a high level of Remicade in the bloodstream. This also implies that the increase in CDAI score, ESR, and CRP in patients with rheumatoid arthritis may be caused by a drop in the amount of Remicade in the bloodstream.
Impact of Obesity on Serum Levels of Neuropeptide –Y in Type 2 Diabetics in Relation to Glycemic Status
Authors: Nada T Hasan  , Ali Shatha
Published: February 2025

Obesity by multiple mechanisms can contribute not only to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but also by further worsening the patient’s condition. One of these mechanisms may include the disturbances of neuropeptide Y (NPY) serum level which is one of the most powerful orexigenic peptides, that’s produced in large amounts in the hypothalamus, as well as in peripheral adipose tissue. The present study aimed to assess the impact of obesity in type 2 diabetic patients on serum neuropeptide-Y level and its impact on fasting serum glucose and insulin levels. Eighty-seven T2DM patients attending the clinic of The National Center of Diabetes Treatment & Research/Baghdad, were included in this study, had been categorized into; Group (1): 45 patients (19 male, 26 female) obese T2DM patients with BMI (30.5- 44) kg/m2 and age range (31-59) years, and Group (2): Normal body weight T2DM patients with BMI (18.6-24.9) kg/m2, included 42 patients (20 male, 22 female), with age range of (33-60) years .Fasting blood specimens were utilized to measure serum NPY and glycemic markers. Data analysis revealed that fasting serum glucose, HbA1c, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and neuropeptide Y values were significantly elevated (P˂0.001) in group-1 in comparison with group-2, however fasting insulin level and homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) were significantly elevated (P˂0.001) in group-2 compared to group-1. Furthermore, neuropeptide-Y was positively correlated with BMI (rho=0.670, P˂0.001), fasting serum glucose (rho=0.697, P˂0.001), HbA1c% (rho=0.274, P=0.010) and HOMA-IR (rho=0.301, P=0.005), whereas it was negatively correlated with fasting serum insulin (rho=-0.296, P=0.005) and HOMA-B (rho=-0.598, P˂0.001).
Conclusion: Elevated serum levels of neuropeptide Y in obese diabetic patient as compared with normal weight diabetic patients suggests that obesity plays a role in serum NYP levels. Furthermore, NPY levels are negatively correlated with serum insulin levels and HOMA-B values; which is indicative of its inhibitory effect on beta cells' ability to secrete insulin in T2DM patients.
Assessment of Serum Omentin-1 Level in Iraqi women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Azuz Sonia Emad Naser , Eman Saadi Saleh
Published: February 2025

Abstract 
              The condition known as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) describes as an intolerance to glucoseThat first occur or progresses during pregnancy is the most common metabolic illness, and impacts up to25% of pregnant women.  It has been demonstrated that omentin-1, which originates from both human placental and adipose tissue can serve as an insulin resistance mediator. It was initially identified as a secretory factor specific to visceral fat and showed that recombinant omentin-1 administration increased insulin-stimulated glucose transport in vitro which may increase insulin sensitivity, both glucose and insulin can down regulate omentin-1 which reduces levels in overweight women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Moreover, those with diabetes and obesity had lower omentin-1 levels. Adipokines influence a variety of metabolic processes, including insulin sensitivity and secretion, inflammation, appetite control and adipogenesis regulation. This study was carried out with the aim of determining the serum omentin-1 level in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes and determining any potential correlation between the adipokine omentin-1 and gestational diabetes. Multicenter case – control study, the cases collecting (pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy) will be divided into: Group A: 45 apparent healthy pregnant women without GDM as control. Group B: 45 pregnant women with GDM (patient). venous blood sample (5ml) in gel tube, of all subjects were drown after an overnight fast, and serum samples were stored at -20C° until omentin-1 assay by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay ELISA. Forty-five patients with gestational diabetes and 45 without were studied. Serum levels of omentin-1 were significantly lower in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus compared with those of the control group, p = 0.0001, hence this biomarker can serve as prognostic indicator for gestational diabetes.
The Pharmacists' Role in Reducing Drug-Related Problems in Cardiology Center in Baghdad -Iraq: A Pilot Study
Authors: Farah Abdul-Kareem  , Mohammed Y. Jamal
Published: February 2025

Pharmacotherapy is essential to lower the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases. Patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease are often given polypharmacy which increases both the incidence of errors in prescriptions and the associated complications of medications. The objective of this study was to disclose the impact of clinical pharmacist contributions on drug-related problems (DRPs) in patients with CV disease, educated the patients about the importance of adherence to their medication, and evaluated the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) version 9.1 can provide a suitable tool for the DRP process for Iraqi clinical pharmacists during routine work in CV setting. A prospective, interventional, clinical study was conducted in Iraq -Baghdad at Ibn- AL-Bitar Center for cardiac surgery, involving 52 patients. The researcher routinely screens the medical files of patients and conducts, and records any DRP, the classification of DRP using PCNE V 9.1. The researcher interviews patients and cardiologists and intervenes with the treatment to increase awareness about DRP. The degree of approval from a physician for interventions was also recorded. The researcher checked adherence based on the pill count method. Therapy and dosage schedules are evaluated based on the most recent therapeutic strategies guidelines (European Society of Cardiology 2021). Any potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or drug-drug interactions are evaluated. Interventions were commenced by the researcher, including patient counseling, medication initiation, medication adjustment, clarification of drug dosage and frequency, identification of contra-indication and incorrect indications, patient education, and patient counseling for lifestyle modifications. The most frequent problems found were adverse effects of drugs 48.1%, the potential problem 46.2% and the manifested problem 32.7%. 50.0% of DRPs are related to drugs unavailable. The most prevailing pharmacist intervention was intervention discussed with the prescriber (48.1%), patient counseling, spoken to family member (34.6%), then at drug level dosage changed (17.3%), drug changed, and drug stopped (13,5%), then drug started (11.5%). Patients with CV disease have a significant prevalence of drug-related problems. Pharmacists play an important role in recognizing and reducing the incidence of DRPs and the interventions they provided were well-accepted.
Design, Synthesis, and Preliminary Antiproliferative Evaluation of 1,2,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives as Possible Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
Authors: Rusul Mohammed Hasan Ali  , Al-Hamashi Ayad
Published: February 2025

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of proteins that responsible of the hydrolysis of N-acetyl lysine residues in histones as well as non-histone protein substrates. This phenomenon may provide an explanation for the involvement of these enzymes in a wide range of clinical situations, encompassing cancer, metabolic, cardiovascular problems, and neurological diseases. Most of HDAC inhibitors are often used in clinical settings consist of a hydroxamate group (ZBG) that binds to zinc ion inside the active site. The poor selectivity and pharmacokinetic characteristics of numerous medicines belonging to the hydroxamates group have prompted the exploration of non-hydroximic ZBG HDAC inhibitors with a potential selectivity and potency profile. Therefore, the objective of this work is to design new HDAC inhibitors incorporating thiadiazole moiety as a ZBG. This study involved the design and virtual analysis of a series of thiadiazole derivatives using Maestro software. Compounds with good docking score which include compound 6a [4- (benzyloxy)-N-(1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)benzamide] with docking score -8.953 kcal/mol and compound 6b [4-(naphthalen-1-ylmethoxy)-N-(1,2,4-thiadiazol-5- yl)benzamide] with docking score -9.290 kcal/mol  and compound 6c[ 4-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)benzoic acid] with docking score -8.57 kcal/mol while the FDA approved vorinostat has a docking score -5.613 kcal/mol against HDAC 2 (4LXZ). Compound 6a, 6b and 6c were subjected to the organic synthesis applying traditional chemical reactions. The synthesis was commenced with the ether formation using Williamson reaction by reacting benzylic bromide derivatives with methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, then the intermediates underwent ester hydrolysis to produce 4-(benzyloxy)benzoic acid derivatives and then reacted with 1,2,4-thiadiazol-5- amine by forming amide using 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) as coupling reagent. The intermediates and final products were characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The cytotoxic effect was assessed using the MTT cell viability assay indicate that IC50 of 6b is 0.66 μM while the IC50 of vorinostat is 1.48 μM.
Candesartan Mitigates Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Human Neuron Cells: A Comprehensive in Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Karar H. Alfarttoosi  , Ihsan S. Rabeea
Published: February 2025

Paclitaxel (Taxol) belongs to the initial taxane category and is employed for treating diverse types of cancers, including ovarian, lung, and breast cancers. Paclitaxel is associated with the highest prevalence of peripheral neuropathy. The detection of PIPN may necessitate a reduction in dosage or discontinuation of treatment, which can have consequences for cancer care. Activation of AT2R has shown neuroprotective effects in different rodent models. this study aims to assess the potential impact of candesartan in mitigating the deleterious effect on human neuron cells. The methods involved in Immunocytochemistry to characterize the neuron cells depend on the expression of the B tubulin III protein. WST-8 test was used on human neuron cell culture to assess the individual and combined cytotoxicity and inhibition ratio (IR%) of Taxol and candesartan. The Chou-Talalay index (CI) equation was utilized to determine if the interaction was antagonistic, additive, or synergistic. As well as investigating the morphological change. The results, findings demonstrated a notable increase in the inhibitory ratio (IR%) when comparing Taxol to the control group at all serial concentrations, with statistical significance (P<0.05). on the other hand, candesartan did not show any significant difference compared to the control group (P>0.05). Interestingly, the combination treatment group showed a significant reduction in the inhibitory ratio (IR%) when compared to the Taxol group. the estimated Chou-Talalay indices (CI) values suggest a significant antagonistic interaction between Taxol and candesartan at different dosages in sequential concentrations (CI>1.1).The morphology imaging of neuron cells after treatment reveals enhanced neuronal cell morphology when using combination Taxol and candesartan. In conclusion, candesartan exhibits the potential to mitigate the cytotoxicity effect of Taxol chemotherapy.
AN ARCHITECTURAL APPROACH COMBINING 3D SCANNING AND UNPUBLISHED ARCHIVES TO THE ANALYSIS OF A 19TH-CENTURY ENGINEERING STRUCTURE: CASE STUDY OF THE CHIFFA RAILWAY VIADUCT ALGERIA
Authors: Dahbia Haddad  , Bousaad Aiche  , Mbarek Khelfi
Published: February 2025

The engineering structure we are about to analyse is the result of several successive phases .The reasons for its current form will find their justification in the history of thisstructure ,which is undeniably linked to a railway renewal that Algeria experienced during the colonial period.The focus is on the twentieth-century restoration (renovation) of the railway bridge that spans the Chiffa River. This bridge was originally built in the nineteenth century as part of the Algiers-Oran railway line.The purpose of this exploratory paper is to trace the history of this structure since its construction and to document an experiment conducted in 1930 involving the revewal of metal railway structures on the mentioned line. One aspect of the study focuses on the design of old metal structures, while another looks into the technical aspects of reinforcing these structures with reinforced concrete. This reinforcement was required because of the use of reinforced concrete during the railway renewal, which modernized techniques. Furthermore, it addresses the latter’s doubling specifically in terms of its scientific and technological contributions at the time. The experiment was carried out using field surveys, 3D scanning, and analysis of archived materials from the National Society of Rail Transport archives (SNTF).
HYBRID SHOPPING MODELS: WHERE INNOVATION MEETS TRADITION IN THE MODERN MALL
Authors: Ikram Saidi  , Feyrouz Ahlam Saidi
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the pivotal role of innovation in shopping malls, which is integral to their success within the competitive retail environment. As consumer expectations evolve, malls must transcend conventional models by incorporating sustainability, advanced technologies, and personalized experiences. The research focuses on these dynamics through fieldwork and visitor surveys conducted at Retaj and Yes Malls in Ali Mendjeli City, Algeria. A comprehensive analytical framework evaluates dimensions such as multifunctionality, sustainability, technological integration, and community engagement. Employing a mixed-methods approach with 100 valid questionnaires, the study examines visitor preferences, particularly in the post-COVID-19 context. The findings underscore visitors' emphasis on eco-friendly features and highlight the multifunctional nature of malls as spaces for shopping, entertainment, services, and social interaction, supported by rigorous chi-square analysis. Technological innovations are classified into two categories: enhancing the shopping experience and fostering customer engagement, with a particular focus on entertainment that reflects local cultural contexts. Accessibility emerges as a key factor, with proximity to public transportation significantly increasing mall attractiveness. While respondents value technological advancements, they prefer a hybrid approach that combines augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI) with traditional in-person shopping experiences. This equilibrium sustains malls' roles as social hubs, ensuring community engagement while embracing modern innovation.
MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI BAHASA INGGRIS GENERASI MUDA DI LINGKUNGAN OBJEK WISATA DI KAB. BANJAR DALAM RANGKA MENUJU MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN
Authors: Hengki Hengki , Ratna Ratna , Aprizani Yudha
Published: February 2025

Integrasi beberapa model pembelajaran digunakan pada proyek ini, pendekatan community language sangat diutamakan, pada model ini pelajar dianggap sebagai 'manusia seutuhnya' atau utuh (individual), artinya dosen dan guru tidak hanya memperhatikan perasaan dan kecerdasan mereka tetapi juga hubungan dengan sesama pembelajar dan keinginan mereka untuk belajar. Para pakar bahasa dalam pengamatanya sering menemukan pelajar merasa tidak nyaman dalam situasi baru.Dengan memahami perasaan takut dan sensitif pembelajar, Instruktur berupaya dapat menghilangkan perasaan negatif pelajar menjadi energi positif untuk belajar. Selain itu, Mereka pelajar juga terkadang takut terlihat bodoh di depan kelas sehingga cenderung pasif dalam kegiatan kelas. Oleh karena itu, seorang guru harus memposisikan dirinya sebagai seorang konselor yang akan memahami perasaan dan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh warga belajarnya. Keberadaaninstruktur/ dosen tidak dilihat sebagai ancaman yang menunjukkan kesalahan dan keterbatasan para pembelajar, melainkan sebagai konselor yang berfokus pada mereka dan kebutuhannya. Tujuan menggunakan model Community learning (CL) pada program ini adalah untuk (1) membangun hubungan komunikasi dan menghilangkan rasa takut pada pelajar ketika dia belajar bahasa kedua/asing. (2) Pelajar dapat belajar bagaimana menggunakan bahasa target (bahasa yang dipelajari) secara komunikatif. (3) Menghilangkan kecemasan atau ketakutan pembelar untuk berbicara dan berkomunikasi dengan peserta lainya. Edukasi mendalam berlansung pada program ini, peserta pelatihan memperoleh capaian yang sangat mereka. Pada proses pembelajaran Seluru peserta mendapat dan merasakan ketenangan, keterlibatan secara aktif, perhatian, refleksi.Kata Kunci : Kompetensi Bahasa Inggris, Generasi Muda, Objek Wisata Menuju Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN
PELATIHAN DEEP BREATHING DAN MANAGEMEN STRESS DALAM PENERIMAAN DIRI ANAK PENYANDANG DISABILITAS DI YAYASAN RUMAH DISABILITAS BORNEO BANJARMASIN
Authors: Abidarda Yulizar , Habibie Muhammad , Mahfuz Mahfuz
Published: February 2025

Stigma masyarakat terhadap anak disabilitas terkadang masih kuat pada kumpulan masyarakat ini, karena rendahnya pengetahuan dan faktor sosial budaya. Anak penyandang disabilitas memiliki banyak hambatan pada beberapa aspek perkembangan sehingga memerlukan terapi, sarana dan prasarana serta bentuk dukungan dalam penerimaan dirinya. manajemen stress merujuk pada identifikasi dan analisis terhadap permasalahan yang terkait dengan stres dan aplikasi berbagai alat teraupetik untuk mengubah sumber stres atau pengalaman stres. Teknik Relaksasi Nafas Dalam (Deep Breathing) adalah suatu teknik olah nafas yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ventilasi alveoli dan mengurangi stres baik stres fisik maupun emosional yaitu menurunkan intensitas nyeri dan menurunkan kecemasan. Solusi dalam pengabdian ini: 1) Upaya membantu anak disabilitas dalam mengatasi penerimaan diri, 2) Memberikan pelatihan deep breathing dan managemen stress bagi anak disabilitas dalam penerimaan diri untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi pada mereka Di Yayasan Rumah Disabilitas Borneo Banjarmasin. Kegiatan pelatihan ini dilaksanakan selama 1 kali pertemuan atau setara dengan 2,5 jam pelatihan dengan berbagai metode seperti ceramah, demonstrasi, dan praktek tersupervisi. Khalayak sasaran pada kegiatan ini adalah 11 anak penyandang disabilitas pada yayasan rumah disabilitas borneo Banjarmasin. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan penerimaan diri anak penyandang disabilitas tunarungu setelah diberikan pelatihan deep breathing dan managemen stress.
MANAJEMEN PERENCANAAN KARIER BAGI PENYANDANG DISABILITAS DI RUMAH DISABILITAS BORNEO BANJARMASIN
Authors: Prasetia Muhammad Eka , Heiriyah Ainun , Pratiwi Endang
Published: February 2025

Sumber daya manusia merupakan hal yang penting karena individu (manusia) inilah yang akan menggerakkan seluruh komponen yang berbeda dalam kehidupan. Setiap individu dapat mengembangkan dan merealisasikan kompetensinya secara penuh dan memiliki hak untuk mengembangkan potensi perencanaan kariernya. Anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) atau penyandang disabilitas, seperti halnya anak normal lainnya, juga mempunyai kesempatan yang baik dalam melakukan pendidikan ataupun dalam hal memasuki dunia kerja.  Keterbatasan fisik yang dialami penyandang disabilitas tidak selamanya bergantung kepada orang lain, mereka juga dapat hidup seperti orang normal pada umumnya baik dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari, bekerja serta menghasilkan karya kecuali penyandang disabilitas berat. Dengan itu sebelum melaksanakan karir yang sebenarnya maka diperlukan perencanaan karir terlebih dahulu guna mempersiapkan karir saat usia kerja. Salah satu perencanaan karir yang diberikan kepada anak berkebutuhan khusus atau penyandang distabilitas salah satunya adalah keterampilan (kecakapan) untuk upaya mewujudkan nilai tambah bagi anak berkebutuhan khusus atau penyandang distabilitas dalam mempersiapkan diri memasuki dunia kerja. Dengan memberikan support dan arahan dari beberapa pihak (keluarga, kerabat, organisasi, lembaga, masyarakat, dll) kepada anak berkebuthan khusus (ABK) atau penyandang disabilitas sehingga mereka memiliki kemampuan keterampilan (skill) agar dapat bersaing sehat di dunia pendidikan ataupun dunia kerja.Terdapat tiga metode dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang digunakan diantaranya: (1) ceramah; (2) pelatihan; dan (3) evaluasi. Peserta kegiatan terdiri dari 10 orang remaja disabilitas yang hadir pada saat kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat.Hasil kegiatan Workshop Manajemen Perencanaan Karier Remaja disabilitas di rumah disabilitas borneo Banjarmasin menghasilkan: (1) Remaja disabilitas di rumah disabilitas borneo Banjarmasin dapat melakukan manajemen perencanaan karier; (2) Hasil Pretes pengetahuan manajemen perencanaan karier remaja penyandang disabilitas pada rumah disabilitas borneo banjarmasin adalah tergolong kategori Rendah (1,63); dan (3) Hasil Posttes pengetahuan manajemen perencanaan karier remaja penyandang disabilitas pada rumah borneo banjarmasin adalah tergolong kategori Sedang (4,4)  Kata kunci: Manajemen, perencanaan karier
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dusun Cendrawasih Melalui Pendampingan Produksi Pupuk Kompos Eceng Gondok
Authors: Suryani Rini , Rizieq Rahmatullah , Reswari Rianti Ardana , Ekawati Ekawati
Published: February 2025

Tertutupnya permukaan sungai oleh eceng gondok berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan terutama menyebabkan pendangkalan Sungai. Hal ini terjadi khususnya di RT. 005 Dusun Cendrawasih Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Eceng gondok tersebut belum dimanfaatkan secara ekonomis, saat ini Eceng gondok hanya dikendalikan dengan menggunakan herbisida. Pertumbuhan eceng berlangsung sangat cepat sehingga menjadi permasalahan bagi warga RT. 005 Dusun Cendrawasih Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Eceng gondok dapat diolah menjadi produk bernilai ekonomis salah satunya pupuk kompos. Pupuk kompos Eceng gondok dapat dimanfaatkan bagi warga RT 005 Dusun Cendrawasih yang Sebagian besar berprofesi sebagai petani.  Kegiatan PKM ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk olahan Eceng gondok berupa pupuk kompos. Adapun teknologi yang disiapkan guna mendukung pproduksi kompos yaitu mesin pencacah Eceng gondok. Mesin ini dapat memudahkan proses pencacahan ukuran eceng gondok yang akan dikomposkan. Dimana semakin kecil ukuran bahan baku kompos maka akan menghemat waktu dan memprcepat pengomposan. Selain itu, melalui PKM ini bertujuan pula untuk meningkatkan mutu produk termasuk pengemasan atau packaging sehingga menjadi produk yang siap untuk dipasarkan. Setelah dilakukannya PKM, Kelompok Tani Usaha Bersama Kecamatan  Sungai  Kakap  Kabupaten  Kubu  Raya  terjadi  peningkatan  pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan dalam membuat kompos dan melakukan pengemasan pupuk kompos Eceng gondok. Produk pupuk kompos  Eceng gondok dapat menjadi sebagai usaha baru bagi warga RT. 005 Dusun Cendrawasih. Pupuk kompos Eceng gondok ini dapat menjadi alternatif pengganti pupuk kimia dalam upaya peningkatan produksi tanaman budidaya sayuran di daerah tersebut.
Pendampingan Pemasaran Produk UMKM Binaan Dinas Koperasi dan UKM Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Amima Sharfina Puteri , Rasyid Muhammad Zakiyyul Fuad , Nashoha Muhammad Rizalun
Published: February 2025

Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 menjadi landasan bagi pemerintah dalam mendorong pertumbuhan UMKM untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Meski jumlah UMKM terus bertambah setiap tahun, pemahaman dan pengetahuan pelaku usaha, khususnya UMKM di Kota Banjarmasin perlu ditingkatkan. Keterbatasan pemahaman pemasaran dan manajemen menjadi hambatan signifikan bagi UMKM dalam upaya beradaptasi dengan perkembangan teknologi terkini. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membekali pengurus dan anggota UMKM dengan pengetahuan dan keterampilan di bidang keuangan dan pemasaran. Metode pembelajaran yang diterapkan adalah "Learning by-doing" dengan menggabungkan ceramah interaktif, diskusi dua arah, dan praktik langsung. Pelatihan mencakup keterampilan, pemasaran produk, desain kemasan, serta pengembangan inovasi produk bernilai tambah. Kegiatan pengabdian diawali dengan tahap observasi langsung ke lapangan untuk memahami secara mendalam kondisi dan kebutuhan UMKM. Pelatihan yang diberikan difokuskan pada peningkatan kapasitas di bidang pemasaran digital. Sebagai hasil dari program ini, UMKM berhasil bertransformasi dari pemasaran mulut ke mulut menjadi memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai saluran promosi utama.
PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN SILASE JERAMI JAGUNG SEBAGAI SUMBER PAKAN SAPI POTONG DI KECAMATAN PATAMPANUA KABUPATEN PINRANG
Authors: Syamsu Jasmal Ahmari , Purwanti Sri , Adzima Ahmad Fauzan , Munir Munir , Fuad AW Andi Muhammad , Amal Ichlasul
Published: February 2025

Pelatihan teknologi pengolahan silase jerami jagung dilaksanakan sebagai bagian kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat Program Pemberdayaan Wilayah Kecamatan Patampanua Kabupaten Pinrang. Pelatihan pengolahan silase jerami jagung sebagai pakan sapi potong bertujuan untuk meningkatkan  keterampilan dan penguasaan teknologi petani peternak dalam hal pakan ternak. Tahapan kegiatan pelatihan pengolahan silase jerami jagung meliputi tahapan persiapan dan  pelaksanaan, dan pendampingan kegiatan. Dalam pelaksanaan pelatihan, respon peternak sangat tinggi. Peternak memahami dengan baik pengolahan silase jerami jagung sehingga terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan peternak dalam usaha penyediaan pakan untuk sapi potong. Pelatihan silase jerami jagung berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta secara signifikan di semua aspek, terutama pada bahan fermentasi dan alat pengolahan, berkat pendekatan yang terstruktur.