bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of disproportionality in severe secondary mitral regurgitation according to disease etiology
Authors: Bak Minjung , Park Sung-Ji , Kim Jihoon , Kim Darae , Kim Eun Kyoung , Chang Sung-A , Lee Sang-Chol , Park Seung Woo
Published: January 2023

Aims Disproportionality in secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) provides insight into MR quantification in transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) candidates. Although secondary MR has two major etiologies, ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP), distinguishing analysis between these two etiologies has been insufficient. We sought to determine the prognosis of disproportional MR in each disease etiology and analyze the baseline characteristics.
Methods and results From 2009 to 2019, in Samsung Medical Center, South Korea, 207 patients with severe secondary MR (median age 69 years old, median left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 27.3%) were collected. The cut-off point for disproportional MR was the median value of regurgitant volume (RV)/left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), which was 0.17. The primary endpoint was all-cause death. In this study, we analyzed 1) the prognosis of severe secondary MR based on proportional and disproportional MR and 2) the prognosis of disproportional MR based on etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy or ischemic cardiomyopathy. In survival analysis, the disproportional MR group had a worse prognosis in all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR] 2.013, 95% CI [1.254 - 3.230], log-rank p-value = 0.004). In subgroup analysis based on etiology, the disproportional MR group showed a significantly higher risk of all-cause death (HR 3.493, 95% CI [1.457 - 8.375], log-rank p-value = 0.005) in DCMP. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in all-cause death according to disproportionality in ICMP.
Conclusion In severe secondary MR, disproportional MR has a worse prognosis than proportional MR due to age and comorbidities, and this difference is more prominent in DCMP than ICMP.
The Synergic Entropy : a parametric volatility boosted by synergy among companies
Authors: Videira Henrique de Carvalho
Published: January 2023

The theory equates the maximum output deviations (efficient frontier) caused by combined inputs with affinity-synergy in a system, which leads to a parametric volatility – a curve that is similar to data envelopment analysis. The input is a cumulative variable (e.g: merged assets) and the output is a flow variable (e.g.: merged incomes). Rather than being purely stochastic, volatility is estimated by a novel parameter for risk named synergy, which is constrained by critical input (scarce resources). The outputacceleration derived from the mergers among inputs, boosted by synergy, is the main foundation of the approach, which special case gives Shannon and Boltzmann-Gibbs entropies. Tests are done in the 11 USA Sectors over their quarterly financial statements, proving that synergy is significant for financial statements, whereas typical betas only present significance in stock market data. A practical application is a novel discount rate for valuation using synergy, whose results for each sector are stable and coherent with perceived risk. Systems that rely on causal relations between output and multiple inputs can be regressed under novel parameters, rather than reckoning exclusively in optimization procedures.
The NuroSleeve, A User-Centered 3D Printed Orthosis and Functional Electrical Stimulation System for Individuals with Upper Extremity Impairment
Authors: Khantan Mehdi , Avery Mikael , Aung Phyo Thuta , Zarin Rachel Marie , Hammelef Emma , Shawki Nabila , Serruya Mijail Demian , Napoli Alessandro
Published: January 2023

Background: Active upper extremity (UE) assistive devices have the potential to restore independent functional movement in individuals with UE impairment due to neuromuscular diseases or injury-induced chronic weakness. Academically fabricated UE assistive devices are not usually optimized for Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), whereas commercially available alternatives are prohibitively expensive. Both options are typically difficult to don and doff and are cumbersome for extensive daily use. To overcome these limitations, we have designed, developed, and clinically validated the NuroSleeve, an innovative user-centered UE orthosis.
Methods: This study introduces the design, implementation, and clinical evaluation of the NuroSleeve, a user-centered, lightweight, affordable, easy to don and doff 3D-printed UE active orthosis for improving function and independence in individuals living with UE neuromuscular impairment. Our primary goals are to develop a customized active UE brace that individuals with UE impairment can use to perform ADLs and to evaluate the benefits of incorporating the device into occupational therapy sessions. The trial is designed as a prospective, open-label, single-cohort feasibility study of eight-week sessions combined with at-home use of the device and implements an iterative device design process where feedback from participants and therapists inform future design improvements.
Results: All participants learned how to independently don, doff, and use the NuroSleeve in ADLs, both in clinical therapy and in their home environments. All participants showed improvements in their Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), which was the primary clinical trial outcome measure. Furthermore, the participants and therapists provided valuable feedback to guide further development.
Conclusions: Our results from non-clinical testing and clinical evaluation demonstrate that the NuroSleeve has met performance and safety requirements and effectively improves independent voluntary function during ADLs. The study’s encouraging preliminary findings indicate that the NuroSleeve has met its technical and clinical objectives while improving on the limitations of the existing UE orthoses due to its personalized and flexible approach to hardware and firmware design.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04798378,
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04798378, date of registration: March 15, 2021.
PCSK9 inhibitor cooperatively with high triglyceride induces adverse pregnancy outcomes by impairing mitochondrial function
Authors: Gu Hui , Huang Wanqi , Fu Jialin , Liu Yusi , Zhang Yanqiu , Huang Tianchu , Wei Xiaowei , Liu Dan , Luo Wenting , Ma Wei , Cao Songying , Jia Shanshan , He Yiwen , Ding Siyu , Li Xiaoshuai , Yuan Zhengwei
Published: January 2023

The two monoclonal antibodies targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), namely evolocumab and alirocumab, were first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2015. PCSK9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) has served as a viable new therapeutic option to lower cholesterol levels and associated cardiovascular events. However, a better understanding of safety issue of PCSK9i is necessarily needed. We present here an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including stillbirths and embryonic defects, particularly neural tube defects, following PCSK9i treatment harnessing a high-fat diet-based mouse model. Proteomics of PCSK9i-treated neural stem cells uncovered that PCSK9i may disrupt mitochondrial function via succinic dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA), which is a key enzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Furthermore, PCSK9i-induced SDHA deficiency combines with high triglyceride to drive the production of reactive oxygen species and subsequent apoptosis during embryonic development, which may account for the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our findings reveal the existence of a hitherto unknown risk of PCSK9i in pregnant women, as well as novel gene-environment interaction.
The effects of Hydroxytyrosol on Prdx6 and Insulin expressions in diabetic rat pancreases
Authors: Soylu Hakan , Karacor Kayihan
Published: January 2023

Objective
Diabetes mellitus is a widespread endocrine disease in the world with accompanying chronic hyperglycemia. In this study, we investigated the effect of hydroxytyrosol which exerts an antioxidant effect on the expressions of insülin and Prdx6 that protects cells against oxidative injury in diabetic rat pancreas.
Methods
There were 4 groups in the study. These were control (nondiabetic) group (n:10), hydroxytyrosol group (were administered 10 mg/kg/day p.o. hydroxytyrosol for 30 days) (n:10), streptozotocin group (were administered single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin) (n:10) and streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol group (were administered single i.p. injection of streptozotocin, and were started on 10 mg/kg/day hydroxytyrosol p.o. 48 h later, and were continued for 30 days)(n:10). During the experiment, blood glucose levels were measured with regular intervals. Insulin expression was determined with immunohistochemistry and Prdx6 expression with immunohistochemistry and Western blot.
Results
Blood glucose levels on 21st and 28th-day measurements were significantly lower in the streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol group compared to streptozotocin group. Insulin and Prdx6 expressions were lower in streptozotocin and streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol group compared to control and hydroxytyrosol groups. Insulin and Prdx6 expressions in the streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol group were higher compared to streptozotocin group. Immunohistochemistry findings of Prdx6 and Western blot were the same.
Conclusion
Hydroxytyrosol which is an antioxidant compound, increased Prdx6 and insulin expressions in diabetic rats. Hydroxytyrosol-induced increase in insulin lowered blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Finally, hydroxytyrosol, by increasing Prdx6 expression, decreased chronic hyperglycemia which is observed in diabetes. Thus, hydroxytyrosol might decrease or prevent several hyperglycemia-dependent complications.
Perception of risk and adherence to prophylactic measures to COVID-19: A study with elderly people
Authors: Gonçalves Rafaela Brás , Afonso Rosa Marina , Ramalho Carolina , Pereira Luísa , Abreu Nuno Miguel , Pato Maria Vaz
Published: January 2023

Purpose
The present study was designed to evaluate the risk perception of being infected by SARS-CoV-2 in elderly people, what preventive measures they took and to examine the role of perceived risk in preventive behaviors toward COVID-19 in this population.
Methods
Data was collected by telephone interviews, April 15th to April 30th, 2020 during the first COVID-19 outbreak in Portugal. Participants were asked their opinion about the level of risk they thought they were exposed to regarding infection with SARS-CoV-2 and what preventive measures they took to protect themselves. Spearman's correlation was used to assess the relationship between risk perception and number of preventive measures taken.
Results
Our sample consisted of 85 participants from the “Covilhã Aging Study” with a mean age of 79.54 years (SD = 5.04). 36.5% of our participants reported their perception of risk as being “ high or very high”, and men more often than women perceived this risk as “high or very high”. Risk perception is positively associated with age (rS=0.289, p = 0.004), depression (rS=0.281, p = 0.005) and number of preventive measures taken (rS=0.178, p = 0.05). Most participants (94.1%) reported that they stayed at home as much as possible, 49.4% wore a facemask, 55.3% washed hands and 17.6% weared gloves. 55.3% considered age as a vulnerability factor.
Conclusion
Risk perception could contribute to explain the adoption of preventive measures in elderly people. The capacity to assume preventive measures in this group suggests that they are able to take care of themselves, and that forceful confinements may not be needed. The results of this study can be used by health policy makers to focus on effective risk communication, especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly.
A Quantitative Framework for Sustainability Assessment
Authors: Sharma Pranav , Bandyopadhyay Santanu
Published: January 2023

Sustainability assessment is vital to determine the relative superiority among alternatives, characterized by multiple sustainability indicators. Various methods, such as the Euclidean distance method, geometric mean method, elimination et choice translating reality (ELECTRE), etc., have been suggested in the literature to identify the most sustainable option among alternatives. These diverse approaches adopt different normalization and aggregation formulations (the two most significant steps of any sustainability assessment), leading to conflicting results. This paper proposes a generalized sustainability framework to identify the most suitable alternative quantitatively. The proposed framework identifies various mathematical and physical characteristics of normalization and aggregation processes and identifies mathematical functions that satisfy these characteristics. Based on the desired characteristics, the proposed approach identifies the min-max normalization function and a novel antinorm-based aggregation function as the most appropriate for a quantitative sustainability framework. The applicability of the proposed framework is illustrated via different case studies from the literature: sustainable power plants for electricity generation in Portugal, sustainable feedstock for the biodiesel supply chain, and sustainable negative emission technologies. The results are compared with those reported in the literature, and the efficacy of the suggested framework is demonstrated. The proposed framework may be utilized for multi-criteria decision-making.
A prospective cross-sectional study on post COVID-19 hair loss at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Wadhwa Dhaarna , Monga Avneet , Kumar Neha , Khullar Geeti , Karmakar Sanchita , Khunger Niti
Published: January 2023

Severe acute respiratory virus syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was responsible for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which resulted in global health care crisis. As patients recovered from COVID-19 infection, hair loss was increasingly observed as a distressing symptom. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of patients presenting with post COVID-19 hair loss between July to December 2021 at a tertiary care centre in north India. Detailed history, clinical examination, trichoscopy and biochemical tests were performed and recorded. COVID-19 disease severity was assessed based on the duration of COVID-19 infection and place of management (home or hospitalized). The study included 120 patients with mean age being 39.6 years. There was female preponderance. Majority of the patients (87%) were treated at home and 43.3% had COVID-19 infection for >2 weeks. Mean visual analog scale (VAS) score for stress was 5.25. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 56.7% and low ferritin in 30% of cases. Mean time of onset of hair loss post COVID-19 was 49 days. Patients mainly presented with diffuse (72.4%) and patterned hair loss (31.6%). Trichodynia was present in 15.8% of cases. The degree of hair loss was severe in 55.8% of the subjects, predominantly in older age group and females. Positive hair pull test was seen in 65% of patients. Most common trichoscopic features included single hair follicles’ (81.7%) and vellus hair >10% (60%). Trichoscopy can aid in unmasking co-existing patterned hair loss in patients presenting clinically with diffuse hair loss. Patients with COVID-19 infection for > 2 weeks had significantly more severe hair loss and VAS score. Trichoscopic findings of vellus hair >10% and empty hair follicles were more frequent in patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 infection.
Energy Level Transition and giant acoustic resistance
of Magnetic Dipoles
Authors: Wang Xuelin
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a new topological material in the paper, Discovery and Characterization of Magnetic Monopoles.was found. When this new topological material absorbs acoustic transverse waves during resonance, its magnetic dipoles undergoes energy level transition, resulting in its great resistance change, i.e. energy level transition and frequency increase in an alternating magnetic field. There is a quantum effect during the change of the magnetic field, which provides theoretical support for basic research and discovery of the paper, Discovery and Characterization of Magnetic Monopoles. Thus, a transverse sound wave giant resistance sensor with high sensitivity, good frequency selectivity and strong directivity has been developed according to this basic principle.
Lethal and sub-lethal implications of sodium chloride exposure for adult Unionid mussel species; Eurynia dilatata and Lasmigona costata
Authors: Burton Erika Alexandra , Atkinson Brian , Salerno Joseph , Khan Hufsa N , Prosser Ryan S , Gillis Patricia
Published: January 2023

The elevated use of salt as a de-icing agent on roads in Canada is causing an increase in the chloride concentration of freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater Unionid mussels are a group of organisms that are sensitive to increases in chloride levels. Unionids have greater diversity in North America than anywhere else on Earth, but they are also one of the most imperiled group of organisms. This underscores the importance of understanding the effect that increasing salt exposure has on these threatened species. There is more data on the acute toxicity of chloride to Unionids than on chronic toxicity. This study investigated the effect of chronic sodium chloride exposure on the survival and filtering activity of two Unionid species (Eurynia dilatata, and Lasmigona costata,) and assessed the effect on the metabolome in mussel hemolymph. The concentration causing mortality after 28 days of exposure was similar for E. dilatata (1893 mg/L) and L. costata (1903 mg/L). After 7 days of exposure, the concentration causing a 10% decline in the filtering activity of L. costata was 482 mg/L compared to 755 mg/L for E. dilatata. Significant changes in the metabolome of the L. costata hemolymph were observed for mussels exposed to nonlethal concentrations. For example, several phosphatidylethanolamines, several hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, pyropheophorbide-a, and alpha linolenic acid were significantly upregulated in the hemolymph of mussels exposed to 1000 mg Cl−/L for 28 days. While no mortality occurred in the treatment, elevated metabolites in the hemolymph are an indicator of stress.
Finding Noeuds de Liaison in Networks
Authors: SIMISI JEREMIE KAMBALE , Pabico Jaderick
Published: January 2023

We defined and developed a computational procedure for finding the intermediary nodes in networks we named Noeuds de liaison. A noeud de liaison refers to any cut-vertex v of a graph G but is not a member of any pseudo-clique Qi, ∀ Qi ⊆ G. The pseudo-clique Q is made up of nodes in G that are closely connected to each other, and where the nodes form at least a ring C and at most a complete graph K. The computational procedure took O(V+E) to print out all the noeuds de liaison. Our major finding is that we designed a linear time algorithm and wrote a computer program for computing all the noeuds de liaison in undirected graphs.
Post-hoc Explanation for Twitter List Recommendation
Authors: Noughabi Havva Alizadeh , Behkamal Behshid , Zarrinkalam Fattane , Kahani Mohsen
Published: January 2023

Twitter List recommender systems have the ability to generate accurate recommendations, but since they utilize heterogeneous user and List information on Twitter and usually apply complex hybrid prediction models, they cannot provide user-friendly intrinsic explanations. In this paper, we propose an explanation model to provide post-hoc explanations for recommended Twitter Lists based on the user’s own actions; and consequently benefits to improve recommendation acceptance by end users. The proposed model includes two main components: (1) candidate explanation generation in which the most semantically related actions of a user on Twitter to the recommended List are retrieved as candidate explanations; and (2) explanation ranking to re-rank candidates based on relatedness to the List and their informativeness. Through experiments on a real-world Twitter dataset, we demonstrate that the proposed explanation model can effectively generate related, informative and useful post-hoc explanations for the recommended Lists to users, while maintaining parity in recommendation performance.
A Three-Dimensional Fretting Contact Model under Oblique Forces in Planetary Gear System
Authors: Niu Rui , Wei Jing , Zhang Aiqiang , Qian Huaming
Published: January 2023

With the deepening of the academic research on fretting, fretting is found more and more in the mechanical transmission system. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model of fretting contact under oblique forces is proposed and used to study the fretting contact of homogeneous, heterogeneous smooth surfaces and rough surfaces. The conjugate gradient method is used to deal with the interaction of pressure and tangential force and the fast Fourier transform is used to accelerate the iterative process. The results show that during the process of oblique force loading, the contact area and slip zone increase, and the stick zone decreases. During unloading, the contact area decreases and the stick zone increases rapidly and then decreases. These conclusions are also applicable to oblique force fretting contact on rough surfaces. The determination method and influencing factors of the fretting region between built-up edge and planetary gear inner hole are put forward. The results show that the increase of meshing force, radius of planetary gear inner hole and the decrease of interference fit and friction coefficient have obvious influence on the increase of fretting region.
Numerical study with experimental comparison of the thermophysical properties in a pigmented polymer matrix composite material pigmented with barium titanate
Authors: Belhaouzi Abdessamad , Zyade Souad , Halimi Youssef , Tahiri Mohamed
Published: January 2023

Many theoretical and semi-empirical approaches have been developed to determine the thermal conductivity of composites. These models give a better estimate for low filler concentrations. The work in this paper is aimed at the numerical and experimental study of the thermal behavior of polymer matrix composite materials (PSU and BaTiO3). The numerical resolution of the thermal heat transport for an elementary cell is based on the finite element technique. Special attention is paid to the effect of contact resistance, barium titanate fraction, and quenching temperature on the effective thermal conductivity and dynamic behavior of the composite. The obtained results show that the proposed numerical model agrees well with the experimental measurements and the analytical models of Hatta-Taya and Hashin-Shtrikman.
Thermococci-to-Clostridia Pathway for the Evolution of the Bacteria Domain
Authors: Wong Tze-Fei , Chan Chung-Kwon , Xue Hong
Published: January 2023

With the identification of an archaeal Last Universal Common Ancestor phylogenetically related to the archaeon Methanopyrus, the origin of Bacteria becomes a choice between independent emergence versus descent from Archaea. The similarity bitscores between paralogous valyl-tRNA synthetase (VARS) and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IARS) indicated that an Ancestral Bacteria Cluster centred at clostridial Mahella australiensis (Mau) and Thermincola potens (Tpo) were the oldest bacteria. Overall, the high-bitscore bacteria dominated by Clostridia included a number of hydrogen producers. A search for archaea capable of hydrogen production that might be ancestral to the Bacteria domain yielded candidate Archaeal Progenitors led by Thermococci which, like Clostridia, form hydrogen through dark fermentation. A two-domain VARS tree based on Mahella, Thermincola, a broad spectrum of archaea together with a range of well known as well as newly detected species of Thermococci and Euryarchaeota allocated the two Clostridia to a minor-Thermococcal division on the tree containing Thermococi and Euryarchaeota species isolated from high-biodiversity environments. The kinship between Thermoccoci and Clostridia suggested by this allocation was substantiated by highly conserved oligopeptide segments on their VARS sequences, leading to the proposal that a Thermococci-to-Clostridia evolutionary pathway mediated the emergence of the Bacteria domain under conditions of elevated biodiversity.
Dysglycemia in Patients Presenting With Acute Primary Stroke or Acute Coronary Syndrome at a Tertiary Regional Referral Centre in Kenya
Authors: Owino Beverly Yongo , Visram Hasina , Shah Jasmit , Njenga Erick , Kunyiha Nancy
Published: January 2023

Background: Diabetes and pre-diabetes are significant risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and acute primary stroke (APS). Dysglycemia in any context is under-diagnosed or identified late in resource-poor countries such as in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), especially when the patient is not known to have pre-morbid diabetes. Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. Inclusion criteria: consenting adults ≥ 18 years admitted with ACS/APS during the period April 2021- February 2022 inclusive. HbA1Cwas used to determine the glycemic status. Definition of diabetes and pre-diabetes was based on the American Diabetes Association guidelines. Results: From a total of 211 patients [144 (81.2%) of African race], the median age of the patients was 58 (49–68) years with a male to female ratio of 2.5:1. 47.4% (n = 100) had ACS and 52.6% (n = 111) had APS. The prevalence of dysglycemia was 68.2% (95% CI: 61.5%-74.5%) with the prevalence of pre-diabetes being 30.3% (64/211) and type 2 diabetes 37.9% (80/211). Of the patients with dysglycemia, 47.9% (69/144) had a new diagnosis. The average duration of diabetes in patients known to have the condition was 6 years, with a median HbA1Cof 8.55 (inter-quartile range 7.21–10.47). 69.4% (137/211) had hypertension as a comorbidity. Among the patients with dysglycemia 73% (101/144) also had hypertension. In the multivariate analysis, age OR 1.05 (1.02–1.08) 95% CI p-value 0.003 and triglyceride levels OR 2.44 (1.44–4.48) 95% CI p-value 0.002 were significantly associated with dysglycemia. Conclusion: This study shows a remarkably high prevalence of dysglycaemia in patients with ACS/APS. The new diagnosis of pre-diabetes prevalence was comparable to diabetes in these patients, adding to the evidence that prediabetes portends significant cardiometabolic consequences and effects over and above the development of type 2 diabetes.
Energy cascade for distribution and evolution of supermassive black holes
Authors: Xu Zhijie
Published: January 2023

Strong correlations exist between supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies. These correlations suggest a missing component in our current understanding: the role of energy cascade in SMBH-bulge coevolution. In this picture, energy is continuously cascaded from bulge scale $r_b$ down to the BH scale (Schwarzschild radius $r_s$). Energy cascade has a scale-independent, but decreasing rate $\varepsilon_b(t)\approx \sigma_b^3/r_b$ due to the cooling of baryonic component, where $\sigma_b$ is bulge velocity dispersion. The bulge mass-size ($M_b$-$r_b$) relation can be expressed as $M_b \propto \varepsilon_b^{2/3}r_b^{5/3}G^{-1}$, or a bulge density-size relation $\rho_b \propto \varepsilon_b^{2/3}r_b^{-4/3}G^{-1}$, with $\varepsilon_b \approx a^{-5/2}\times 10^{-4}m^2/s^3$, as confirmed by the galaxy survey, where $a$ is the scale factor and $G$ is the gravitational constant. Intermediate length scales can be defined based on the dominant physics on that scale, i.e. the BH sphere of influence $r_B$, radiation scale $r_p$, and dissipation scale $r_x$. For SMBH with a mass $M_B$, bolometric luminosity $L_B$, energy cascade leads to a "cascade" force that must be balanced by the BH radiation force in its early life, i.e. $L_B/c=M_B \varepsilon_b /\sigma_p$, where $c$ is light speed and $\sigma_p$ is the velocity dispersion on scale $r_p$. Since $\varepsilon_b$ is much larger in the early universe, BH accretion can be super-Eddington with $L_B$ exceeding the Eddington limit. In addition, the BH mass-dispersion relation ($M_B\propto \sigma_b^5$) is a natural result of the cascade theory. By introducing two dimensionless parameters $\gamma={L_B}/(M_B\varepsilon_b)$ and $\eta=({GL_B}/{c^5})^{{1}/{4}}$, the distribution and evolution of SMBHs can all be mapped onto the $\gamma$-$\eta$ plane. By setting $r_s \le r_p\le r_B$, the upper limit of distribution is found to be $L_B \propto (\varepsilon_b M_B)^{4/5}G^{-1/5}c$. The lower limit is found to be $L_B \propto (\varepsilon_b M_B)^{4/3}G^{1/3}c^{-5/3}$. Quasars tend to approach the upper limit, while dormant SMBHs (Sgr A* and M31) tend to approach the lower limit. A three stage mathematical model is proposed for SMBH evolution involving co-evolution, transitional, and dormant stages, respectively. Models are finally compared against the BH accretion history from quasar luminosity function from 2dF Redshift Survey, local galaxy and SMBHs data, and high redshift quasars from SDSS DR7 and CFHQS surveys.
Emergent XY* transition driven by symmetry fractionalization and anyon condensation
Authors: Schuler Michael , Henry Louis-Paul , Lu Yuan-Ming , Läuchli Andreas
Published: January 2023

Anyons in a topologically ordered phase can carry fractional quantum
numbers with respect to the symmetry group of the considered system, one
example being the fractional charge of the quasiparticles and quasiholes
in the fractional quantum Hall effect. When such symmetry-fractionalized
anyons condense, the resulting phase must spontaneously break the
symmetry and display a local order parameter. In this paper, we study
the phase diagram and anyon condensation transitions of a
\mathbb{Z}_2ℤ2
topological order perturbed by Ising interactions in the Toric Code. The
interplay between the global (``onsite’’) Ising
(\mathbb{Z}_2ℤ2)
symmetry and the lattice space group symmetries results in a non-trivial
symmetry fractionalization class for the anyons, and is shown to lead to
two characteristically different confined, symmetry-broken phases. To
understand the anyon condensation transitions, we use the recently
introduced critical torus energy spectrum technique to identify a line
of emergent 2+1D XY* transitions ending at a fine-tuned
(Ising^22)*
critical point. We provide numerical evidence for the occurrence of two
symmetry breaking patterns predicted by the specific symmetry
fractionalization class of the condensed anyons in the explored phase
diagram. In combination with large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations
we measure unusually large critical exponents
\etaη
for the scaling of the correlation function at the continuous anyon
condensation transitions, and we further identify lines of (weakly)
first order transitions in the phase diagram. As an important additional
result, we discuss the phase diagram of a resulting 2+1D Ashkin-Teller
model, where we demonstrate that torus spectroscopy is capable of
identifying emergent XY/O(2) critical behaviour, thereby solving some
longstanding open questions in the domain of the 3D Ashkin-Teller
models. To establish the generality of our results, we propose a field
theoretical description capturing the transition from a
\mathbb{Z}_2ℤ2
topological order to either \mathbb{Z}_2ℤ2
symmetry broken phase, which is in excellent agreement with the
numerical results.
Los influencers y la afectación en el derecho del consumo en Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Galán Daisy Johana , Hernández Medina Andrea Carolina
Published: January 2023

El concepto de marketing de influencia se refiere a “un tipo de estrategia llevada a cabo por las marcas que consiste en utilizar a personas influyentes en un tema o sector para transmitir un mensaje y aumentar el reach -alcance” (Hernández, 2017). Es aquí donde el influencer se convierte en un prescriptor, es decir el individuo que puede convencer a una gran cantidad de personas, que compren un determinado producto comercial.
En el medio online una referencia positiva o negativa del influencer, puede llegar a afectar a un comprador potencial, y si a esto le sumamos una recomendación de una persona con reconocimiento notable, es un medio de éxito en el mercado. Según la Fundeu BBVA (2017), influencer se usa para “aludir a personas con conocimiento, prestigio y presencia en determinados ámbitos en los que sus opiniones pueden influir en el comportamiento de otras muchas personas”. Este influencer indudablemente genera un impacto publicitario a través de las redes sociales, convirtiéndose en un líder de opinión en el mercado.
Se pensaría que un influencer es una guía de una buena práctica, sin embargo, la realidad revela que la ausencia de control legal en la utilización de las estrategias de marketing digital, y en la generación de publicidad, afecta la decisión del consumidor; toda vez que no existen principios éticos y prácticas reguladas de los mecanismos utilizados para “convencer”.
Otros sujetos de propiedad y de cargas fiscales
Authors: Arenas Correa José David
Published: January 2023

En la medida que una sociedad avanza descubre paso a paso que la imaginación vincula a los hombres a través de la norma y que crear las fronteras entre las situaciones de propiedad de unos y otros individuos, puede llevar a dominios también en el mismo campo de la imaginación, surgiendo un sinnúmero de propiedades posibles que se afirman, no sólo sobre cosas que existen sensorialmente, sino sobre productos del pensamiento y del ingenio en el marco de la intangibilidad.
Adoption of views on quality management
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Economics, Skripko Larisa E.
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes and discusses different approaches to the periodization of scientific research on quality management problems that appeared over the last 120 years. Based on the analysis, the study proposes the author’s model of this scientific field development which includes three stages and describes each of them. The issues of periodization of the evolution of scientific knowledge are not popular and do not carry a practical orientation, however, without the systematization of the studied issues, it is impossible to understand the mechanisms of the emergence of new ideas, to assess the prospects and a long-term use of them as well as to predict the development of scientific fields. The consideration of the history of the development of quality management, which includes more than one century of doing various studies, is no exception. However, there is no generally accepted view on the retrospective of the stage-by-stage development of these scientific studies, which may cause a lack of understanding whether to include certain issues or not. Consideration of four- and seven-stage models shows a lack of clear transition from one dominant paradigm to another, it is not always possible to distinguish a period of “normal science” in each of the stages; for some stages there are no concepts that lose their relevance due to the anomalies that have appeared, and which should be discarded at the next stage of development. Therefore, there is a need for a retrospective analysis of evolutionary approaches to the transformation of views on quality management from modern positions.
Nonlinear control with distributed delay for angular stabilization of a rigid body
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Aleksandrov Аlexander Yu. , Tikhonov Aleksey A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2023

The problem of angular stabilization of a rigid body with an arbitrary triaxial ellipsoid of inertia is solved. The control strategy is based on the type of PID controller, in which, instead of the classical integral term, a more flexible control option is used, which assumes the presence of a distributed delay (integral term) in the control torque. In addition, instead of the usual linear restoring torque, a non-linear uniform restoring torque is used for the first time. The analytical substantiation of the asymptotic stability of the program motion is based on the use of a special construction of the Lyapunov - Krasovskii functional. A theorem is proved that gives sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of the program mode of the body angular motion in the form of constructive inequalities with respect to control parameters. The effectiveness of the constructed control is demonstrated, which simultaneously provides the convergence speed and smoothness of transient process.
Heat and radiative fluxes in strongly nonequilibrium flows behind shock waves
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Istomin Vladimir A. , Kustova Elena V. ,   St. Petersburg State University,   Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prutko Kirill A. ,   Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

State-to-state and two-temperature theoretical models for high-temperature strongly nonequilibrium reacting and radiating air flows are developed in the framework of the generalized Chapman - Enskog method. In the theoretical approach, the sets of governing equations for coupled fluid dynamics, chemical kinetics, internal energy transitions and radiation are derived; the algorithms for the calculation of state-resolved transport coefficients are developed and implemented. The proposed models are applied for 1-D simulations of shock waves in air under high-temperature conditions observed in flight experiments. Nonequilibrium mixture composition, temperatures and pressure profiles are obtained and compared for various models of chemical reaction rate coefficients. Flow variables strongly depend on both the kinetic-theory approach and chemical reaction model; species molar fractions and temperature show significantly different behaviour for the state-to-state and two-temperature simulations. Transport properties and radiative fluxes are calculated as functions of the distance from the shock front. It is found that diffusion provides a major contribution to the total energy flux whereas the role of heat conduction is weak due to the compensation effects. It is shown that under considered conditions, two-temperature models are not applicable for correct predictions of radiative heating.
The legal and organizational basis of ensuring safety of sports activities in Hungary
Authors:   North Western Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Rakhmanova Ekaterina N. , Tihanyi Miklós ,   University of Public Service, Szabolcs Mátyás ,   University of Public Service
Published: January 2023

Manifestations of hooliganism, vandalism, extremism, and even terrorist acts during sports events are not a new phenomenon in Europe. The safety of sporting events is one of the priorities of any modern state. Moreover, the government is entrusted both with legislative and organizational tasks. Two reasons can be identified, why it is necessary to protect sporting events against violations of public order and attacks on public safety. On the one hand, even when law enforcement agencies professionally use all the legislative instruments at their disposal, an unlawful encroachment may be committed, which may threaten the holding of a sporting event, the safety of the person and property both of athletes and of spectators. On the other hand, the failure to criminalize these actions means that law enforcement agencies are not endowed with sufficient powers to take appropriate measures in such situations. Depending on the violation of public safety or public order, criminal, administrative or disciplinary laws will apply. The difference in the need to apply a law or regulation, as well as to impose sanctions and prohibitions on offenders, can be seen only in the level of protection corresponding to the danger of violations. The safety of sporting events is historically believed to be the primary task of law enforcement agencies, however, the responsibility of sports federations and clubs in ensuring safety in time, before and after the competition should not be overlooked.
The notion of voluntariness in the notes to Articles 291 and 291(1) of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Bogdanov Viacheslav P. , Bogdanova Inna S. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the notion of voluntariness used by the legislator in the notes to Art. 291 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Giving a bribe” and Art. 2911 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Mediation in bribery”. The use of this category in the practice of law enforcement agencies is not uniform, as evidenced by the extensive jurisprudence analyzed in the article. The main problem lies in the contradictory assessment of the fact that the accused is aware of the fact that the preliminary investigation authorities are aware of his participation in bribery or mediation in bribery. In most cases the courts ignore this circumstance and attach legal significance not to the awareness of the accused himself, but to the awareness of the preliminary investigation bodies that a person has committed a crime. As a result, having established that the subject was exposed as a result of operational-search and (or) investigative measures, regardless of whether he knows about this fact, the courts refuse to apply the notes to Art. 291 and 2911 of the Criminal Code. According to the authors, when assessing the voluntariness of a person’s message about the commission of a crime, two interrelated, but not identical circumstances should be assessed: a volitional criterion that characterizes the desire and will of the subject, and an intellectual criterion that determines the person’s ability to be aware of what is happening to him. The article states that the communication by a person about a crime committed to a body that has the right to initiate a criminal case will be voluntary if the person does so of his own free will and believes that the authority does not know about his participation in the crime, even if in reality it is not so.
Armed attacks and murders in educational organizations: Criminal law and criminological assessments
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Kochoi Samvel M. , Trapaidze Konstantin Z. ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MGIMO-University)
Published: January 2023

The tragedy of May 2021 in one of the Kazan schools could not but bring back to the society a heated debate as to ways to counter violence against students and teachers in educational organizations (the so-called “school shooting” after the respective term in the English language). We believe that alongside with journalists, psychologists and politicians, experts in the field of criminal law and criminology should also come out with their recommendations. This paper examines the practice of criminal law as to classifying mass shooting in educational organizations of the Russian Federation, and concludes on the legality of prosecuting the crime perpetrators, there being cause, either such as murder or as a terrorist act. The authors do not consider it expedient to amend the terrorist act statutory definition (Article 205 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) so that it would cover all cases of “school shooting” without distinction. Nonetheless, doubts are expressed as to the sufficient propriety of the recommendation issued by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (Resolution “On court practice several issues related to criminal cases on crimes of terrorism”) to qualify an act of terrorism, which resulted in intentional death, under Article 205 of the RF Criminal Code alone. The authors analyzed the materials available to them regarding the cases of mass shooting in educational organizations, which fact has provided an opportunity to identify a number of circumstances, considering which appears necessary when developing measures to prevent and stop them. Particular attention among such measures should be paid to engaging as necessary directly with students in educational organizations, harmonizing relations both among students per se and between students and teachers.
The institutional framework of the European Union area of internal security
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Voynikov Vadim V. ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MGIMO-University), Entin Mark L. ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MGIMO-University)
Published: January 2023

The area of internal security is umbrella definition, which combine two European Union policies in the field of police cooperation and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. This article is aimed at solving a scientific problem related to the determination of the essential characteristics and legal nature of EU bodies and agencies that realize the EU policy on combating crime. The article studies the institutional framework of the EU area of internal security, analyzes specialized agencies designed to assist in the implementation of the EU competence in the field of police cooperation and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. The main purpose of the EU bodies and agencies within the area of internal security is to implement the Union’s competence in combating crime, this function is realized mainly through coordination of the activities of national law enforcement agencies. The creation of union bodies does not mean a decrease in the competence of the law enforcement agencies of the Member States. The authors conclude that EU bodies and agencies have a number of common features and essential characteristics that allow them to be distinguished as a relatively independent system. At the same time, the authors admit the possibility of qualifying these bodies as specific integration law enforcement agencies that have limited competence covering certain aspects of the fight against crime. According to the authors, the process of further development of the system of integration law enforcement bodies of the EU is currently underway, one of the features of this development is the strengthening of the supranational component. The study allows us to consider Europol, Eurojust, Cepol and the European Public Prosecutor’s Office not as separate bodies aimed on particular purposes, but as the elements of the special system and which develop according to the common rules.
The image of the future profession among psychology students at the initial stage of professional training
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Volodina Ksenia
Published: January 2023

The article deals with issues of studying and shaping the image of a future profession as conceived by psychology students at first stages of their professional training in higher education institutions. The topicality of the research lies in the necessity to design a model for building the future profession’s image in this group of students. Such a model should advance knowledge of the occupation being obtained and of the future professional activities. The research objective was the theoretical and empirical substantiation of the model for shaping the image of a future profession among psychology students at the initial stage of vocational training at a university. The study suggests that the structure of image of the future profession consists of three parts: motivational, cognitive, and emotional. These components are interconnected, building an integrated whole, which was confirmed by correlation and factor analyses. Five types of the image of future profession were identified in psychology students. At the stage of the ascertaining experiment of the study, the following distribution of the sample according to the types of image of the future profession was revealed: “Non-professional” and “Professional marginal”— 33%, “Professionally Knowledgeable”— 48%, “Pre-professional” and “Professional”— 19%. The study proved that the formation of the image of the future profession among psychology students at the initial stage of professional training can be facilitated by the introduction of a comprehensive program. The results of the study will be useful to universities in shaping the image of the future profession of first-year students.