bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synchrotron Emission from Dark Matter Annihilation: Predictions for Constraints from Non-detections of Galaxy Clusters with New Radio Surveys
Authors: Storm Emma , Jeltema Tesla E. , Splettstoesser Megan , Profumo Stefano
Published: April 2017

The annihilation of dark matter particles is expected to yield a broad radiation spectrum via the production of Standard Model particles in astrophysical environments. In particular, electrons and positrons from dark matter annihilation produce synchrotron radiation in the presence of magnetic fields. Galaxy clusters are the most massive collapsed structures in the universe, and are known to host ∼μG-scale magnetic fields. They are therefore ideal targets to search for, or to constrain the synchrotron signal from dark matter annihilation. In this work, we use the expected sensitivities of several planned surveys from the next generation of radio telescopes to predict the constraints on dark matter annihilation models which will be achieved in the case of non-detections of diffuse radio emission from galaxy clusters. Specifically, we consider the Tier 1 survey planned for the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) at 120 MHz, the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) survey planned for the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) at 1.4 GHz, and planned surveys for Aperture Tile in Focus (APERTIF) at 1.4 GHz. We find that, for massive clusters and dark matter masses

, the predicted limits on the annihilation cross section would rule out vanilla thermal relic models for even the shallow LOFAR Tier 1, ASKAP, and APERTIF surveys.
Casting the Coronal Magnetic Field Reconstruction Tools in 3D Using the MHD Bifrost Model
Authors: D. Fleishman Gregory , Anfinogentov Sergey , Loukitcheva Maria , Mysh’yakov Ivan , Stupishin Alexey
Published: April 2017

Quantifying the coronal magnetic field remains a central problem in solar physics. Nowadays, the coronal magnetic field is often modeled using nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) reconstructions, whose accuracy has not yet been comprehensively assessed. Here we perform a detailed casting of the NLFFF reconstruction tools, such as π-disambiguation, photospheric field preprocessing, and volume reconstruction methods, using a 3D snapshot of the publicly available full-fledged radiative MHD model. Specifically, from the MHD model, we know the magnetic field vector in the entire 3D domain, which enables us to perform a “voxel-by-voxel” comparison of the restored and the true magnetic fields in the 3D model volume. Our tests show that the available π-disambiguation methods often fail in the quiet-Sun areas dominated by small-scale magnetic elements, while they work well in the active region (AR) photosphere and (even better) chromosphere. The preprocessing of the photospheric magnetic field, although it does produce a more force-free boundary condition, also results in some effective “elevation” of the magnetic field components. This “elevation” height is different for the longitudinal and transverse components, which results in a systematic error in absolute heights in the reconstructed magnetic data cube. The extrapolations performed starting from the actual AR photospheric magnetogram are free from this systematic error, while other metrics are comparable with those for extrapolations from the preprocessed magnetograms. This finding favors the use of extrapolations from the original photospheric magnetogram without preprocessing. Our tests further suggest that extrapolations from a force-free chromospheric boundary produce measurably better results than those from a photospheric boundary.
Et demain, j’apprends quoi ? Le leurre démocratique du code informatique
Authors: Souchier Emmanuël
Published: April 2017

Vouloir généraliser l’apprentissage du code informatique à l’école n’est-il pas un leurre démocratique nourri par le mythe d’une nouvelle écriture universelle ? Si l’idée est généreuse, sa réalisation n’est-elle pas une erreur stratégique pour l’Éducation nationale ? L’institution ne répond-elle pas à l’injonction des industriels, de la publicité ou du marketing plus qu’à l’intérêt des élèves et des citoyens que nous devons former ? Pour cerner les enjeux de ces questions, il faut interroger la nature de l’écriture numérique, de ses cadres instituants et de ce qu’ils induisent sur notre façon de penser et d’appréhender notre univers. Comment façonne-t-elle notre regard ? N’intègre-t-elle pas les outils intellectuels qui participent de notre intelligence au monde ? Le code informatique n’est pas ancré dans la culture, c’est une écriture fonctionnelle dont il faut comprendre la spécificité du fonctionnement dans une civilisation qui présente la particularité de textualiser ses pratiques sociales à travers les médias informatisés.
Commenter des textes littéraires en collaboration sur des forums et des blogs dans le secondaire
Authors: Moinard Pierre
Published: April 2017

Quelques professeurs de collège et de lycée entretiennent le partage de lectures littéraires entre élèves sur des blogs ou en forum. Le caractère innovant de ces pratiques, souvent avancé à priori, peut être interrogé en examinant leur influence sur l’écriture métatextuelle. Quelles compétences de lecture littéraire les élèves développent-ils à travers la circulation en ligne des textes rendant compte de leurs lectures ? Quelles adaptations des professeurs favorisent-elles une diversification des écrits métatextuels ? Pour répondre à ces questions, l’étude rend compte d’une recherche en didactique du français menée auprès de classes de Troisième et de Seconde. L’analyse des séquences de « billets » a permis de suivre l’évolution des diverses verbalisations de réceptions à travers les fils de billets, en particulier l’émergence d’écrits interprétatifs. Complémentairement, des entretiens semi-directifs avec des élèves ont informé sur leur rapport à l’écriture asynchrone des lectures.
Rythmogrammes
Authors: Borey Pierre-Jean
Published: April 2017

Avec l’inscription des rythmes du corps sur des supports, Marey exhibe et stimule la démarche de Dagognet : projeter dehors le dedans.
Le grand dérèglement
Authors: Guibert Philippe
Published: April 2017

Sur le théâtre des opérations, les rapports de médiatisation succèdent au rapport de production : la noblesse politique dispute la scène au clergé médiatique, tandis que, dans la salle, le Tiers État entreprend de faire, défaire et contrefaire à sa manière le spectacle.
Sobre la estructura del clinker de cemento portland
Authors: Calleja Carrete J.
Published: April 2017

Not available
Reducción del consumo calorífico, en los hornos verticales perfectamente aislados
Authors: Eigen H.
Published: April 2017

Not available
Velocidad de cocción de las arcillas
Authors: Loundina M. G.
Published: April 2017

Not available
Lana caolínica, fibra cerámica refractaria
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: April 2017

Not available
Big Data and Cloud Computing: Trends and Challenges
Authors: El-Seoud Samir Abou , El-Sofany Hosam F. , Abdelfattah Mohamed Ashraf Fouad , Mohamed Reham
Published: April 2017

Big data is currently one of the most critical emerging technologies. Big Data are used as a concept that refers to the inability of traditional data architectures to efficiently handle the new data sets. The 4V’s of big data – volume, velocity, variety and veracity makes the data management and analytics challenging for the traditional data warehouses. It is important to think of big data and analytics together. Big data is the term used to describe the recent explosion of different types of data from disparate sources. Analytics is about examining data to derive interesting and relevant trends and patterns, which can be used to inform decisions, optimize processes, and even drive new business models. Cloud computing seems to be a perfect vehicle for hosting big data workloads. However, working on big data in the cloud brings its own challenge of reconciling two contradictory design principles. Cloud computing is based on the concepts of consolidation and resource pooling, but big data systems (such as Hadoop) are built on the shared nothing principle, where each node is independent and selfsufficient. The integrating big data with cloud computing technologies, businesses and education institutes can have a better direction to the future. The capability to store large amounts of data in different forms and process it all at very large speeds will result in data that can guide businesses and education institutes in developing fast. Nevertheless, there is a large concern regarding privacy and security issues when moving to the cloud which is the main causes as to why businesses and educational institutes will not move to the cloud. This paper introduces the characteristics, trends and challenges of big data. In addition to that, it investigates the benefits and the risks that may rise out of the integration between big data and cloud computing.
Institutionalization of Informal Learning Behaviors for Effective Tacit Knowledge Management
Authors: You Jieun
Published: April 2017

As tacit knowledge is not delivered by written and verbal language, formal training has limitation for tacit knowledge management. Yet, informal learning featuring social interaction provides useful explanations for tacit knowledge sharing and creation. To effectively manage and support informal learning, firms informal learning behaviors to promote benefits of informal learning and to overcome its limitations. Workplace learning activities such as formal mentoring/coaching, on-the-job training, and communities-of-practice are originally informal learning behaviors but now extensively used as formal learning in the workplace. Institutionalized informal learning, despite its benefits, have still some concerns as its formality compensates employee's spontaneity determining the learning effectiveness. This chapter establishes a conceptual framework of institutionalized informal learning by reviewing the extensive literature. This chapter also proposes implications for future practice and research on institutionalization of informal learning.
Tacit Knowledge in Maker Spaces and Fab Labs
Authors: Maravilhas Sérgio , Martins Joberto S. B.
Published: April 2017

A collaborative space for stimulating creativity is a place of learning through the exchange and sharing of knowledge and experience among its members. It allows to leverage innovation through the use of technological resources available in the space, stimulating the creativity of its participants, enabling the development of products and solutions based on personal projects – Do It Yourself (DIY) – from ideation, or the construction supported on knowledge developed by other elements together, collaboratively, enhancing the final result – Do It With Others (DIWO). A research project is being held to create a new Lab, or transform and adapt one of the existing Lab's, in a Fab Lab or a Maker Space to let students, teachers and staff give wings to their imagination and develop innovative solutions to solve real problems, while they interact and exchange tacit knowledge, making it explicit after concluding their projects when they share their research reports.
Female Victims of Labor Exploitation Vis-à-Vis Labor Courts in the Southern Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Chandra R. Rochin , Jaishankar K.
Published: April 2017

The exploitation of young female workers is rampant in the spinning and textile units of southern Tamil Nadu, India, under the notorious ‘Sumangali Scheme', which has features similar to bonded labor. Until now, an increasing number of studies have been conducted to examine the characteristics of this abusive scheme, including the patterns of victimization and its subsequent effect on the physical health of sumangali workers. Yet, very little is known as to how legal procedures, and the roles or actions of legal actors within industrial courts, commonly known as labor courts, impacts the emotional life and psychological well being of these female laborers. In this chapter, we claim that sumangali victims often experience ‘secondary victimization' as a result of their contact with labor courts, and most often, due to their relative failure to access labor courts. We aim to address these issues from TJ perspectives and provide suitable solutions that may reduce the incidence of secondary victimization (among the sumangali victims).
Toxic Workplace Environment and Its Impact on Women Professors in the United States
Authors: Growe Roslin , Person William A.
Published: April 2017

Higher education, often referred to as the ivory tower, gives the grand illusion of an environment of learned individuals with intellectual agendas and pursuits. This specialized environment is not a resistance-free fortress immune from toxic behaviors and unfair internalized institutional structures. In this chapter, the authors provide some theoretical perspectives of a toxic workplace environment. Then the authors focus on a review of literature on toxic leadership; the conceptualization of workplace bullying; the prevalence of academic mobbing; and the effects of toxicity on women professors in the academy. The final sections of the chapter include a discussion of implications for policy development in a toxic workplace; implications for research on toxic university environment; and concluding remarks.
Sexual Violence in the University Campuses of Delhi, India, and Therapeutic Jurisprudence for Justice to Victims
Authors: Kousar Hina
Published: April 2017

This chapter explores the existence of therapeutic jurisprudential approach in the present laws and guidelines that may address sexual harassment in the university campuses in Delhi, India. It has been seen that sexual harassment in the college campuses has often been overlooked as courtship problems between young adults. In this course, the trauma and victimization of women had also been overlooked. This chapter suggests that university campus sexual harassment may be exhaustive and it may include various forms of harassment including physical touching, verbal sexual bullying to even graver offences like molestation. This chapter researches on several forms of sexual harassments which are prevalent in the university campuses and which may defy the existing regulations due to the patriarchal social setup. It further researches on needs of therapeutic jurisprudence to deal with such problems.
FEM Analysis of Small Punch Tests
Authors: Abendroth Martin
Published: April 2017

In recent years the small punch test method has become an attractive alternative compared to traditional material testing procedures, especially in cases where only small amounts of material are available. In contrast to standard test methods, the relevant material parameters can not be as simply obtained from the experimental measurements of SPTs because of its non-uniform stress and deformation state. However this can be achieved by comparing the experimental SPT results with those obtained by finite element simulations of SPT using advanced material models. Then the task is to determine the parameters of the material models using special optimization techniques. This paper gives an overview about the common techniques used to simulate SPT experiments. It should give the reader answer to the questions: Why are FEM simulations useful? How should such simulations be performed? Which material laws can be used? What are the limitations of finite element simulations? How to determine material parameters from SPT-experiments and the corresponding simulations?
Desarrollo osteológico de la columna vertebral y del complejo caudal de larvas del pez payaso Amphiprion ocellaris (Pomacentridae) en condiciones de cultivo
Authors: Rodríguez Ibarra L. Estela , Abdo de la Parra María Isabel , Velasco Blanco Gabriela , Aguilar Zárate Gabriela
Published: April 2017

Se describe el desarrollo osteológico de la columna vertebral y del complejo caudal de Amphiprion ocellaris, una especie de importancia ornamental. Los organismos se cultivaron bajo condiciones controladas desde la eclosión hasta los 30 días después de eclosionar (DDE) y fueron procesados con los métodos de clareado y tinción diferencial de tejidos óseos y cartilaginosos. Las larvas al eclosionar ya tienen desarrollados la mayoría de sus elementos vertebrales en etapa de cartílago y el notocordio en estado de pre-flexión; la región abdominal presenta 11 arcos neurales y en la región caudal 12 arcos neurales y 12 arcos hemales. En el complejo caudal se observaron los hipurales aún separados entre ellos. A los 6 DDE el notocordio se encontró en etapa de flexión y aparecen las costillas ventrales, y en la región caudal se desarrollaron 12 espinas neurales y 12 espinas hemales y los hipurales ya se han fusionados. A los 11 DDE el notocordio ya estaba en pos-flexión y el complejo caudal completamente formado, y se desarrollaron completamente todas las espinas neurales y espinas hemales. A los 23 DDE se observó la osificación de todas las estructuras. La columna vertebral de A. ocellaris se divide en una región abdominal, con 11 vértebras y una región caudal con 15 vértebras incluyendo el urostilo. El conocimiento detallado de las estructuras osteológicas servirá de referencia para la detección oportuna de malformaciones durante el cultivo del pez payaso.
El efecto del nivel de proteína y lípidos sobre la acción dinámica específica y la excreción postprandial en sub-adultos del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Ponce Palafox Jesús T. , Esparza Leal Héctor , Arredondo Figueroa José L. , Martinez-Palacios Carlos A. , Ross Lindsay G.
Published: April 2017

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de 4 niveles de proteína (20, 30, 40 y 50%) y lípidos (2, 4, 8 y 16%) sobre la magnitud y duración de la acción dinámica específica (ADE) y la excreción nitrogenada en subadultos del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei usando una cámara metabólica controlada por computadora (respirómetro de flujo continuo). Se determinó la tasa de consumo de oxígeno a intervalos de 1 hora hasta que la tasa de consumo de oxígeno postprandial regresó al nivel de pre-alimentación. Los camarones alimentados con todas las dietas tienen una tasa de respiración significativamente alta después de la alimentación debida a la ADE. El consumo de oxígeno, el coeficiente de ADE y la magnitud de ADE aumentó notablemente con el incremento del contenido de proteína en la dieta. Los camarones alimentados con el 20% de proteína en la dieta tuvieron el nivel más bajo de respiración de pre y post-alimentación y la más baja ADE. Un cambio significativo en el coeficiente de ADE relativo a la energía digestible no fue demostrado para cada uno de los niveles de lípidos. Adicionalmente, la excreción nitrogenada aumento con el incremento del nivel de proteína en la dieta, pero no con el incremento del nivel de lípidos. Al estimar la ADE de subadultos se encontró que la tasa metabólica estándar (SMR) fue menor que la reportada para juveniles y postlarvas de L. vannamei.
Nuevo registro y caracterización molecular de la tortuga verde Chelonia mydas (Testudines, Cheloniidae) en las aguas costeras sicilianas
Authors: Caracappa Santo , Persichetti Maria Flaminia , Piazza Antonio , Gentile Antonino , Marineo Sandra , Currò Vittoria , Fuintino Antonio Iraci , Marrone Federico , Arculeo Marco
Published: April 2017

A juvenile specimen of the Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas, was recovered in Sicilian coastal waters close to Avola (Syracuse province, south-eastern Sicily, Italy). Before being released, the specimen was measured and inspected for the presence of ingested hooks or other possible harms to its health. A fragment of the mtDNA marker COI was amplified and sequenced in order to provide the first molecular data for the species from the central Mediterranean area. The possible influence of climate change on the occurrence of this thermophilic species in the central Mediterranean area is briefly discussed.
Bilateral Chylothorax Complicating a Case of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Munish , Sharma Divakar
Published: April 2017

Chylothorax occurs when lymphatic fluid leaks from the thoracic duct and accumulates in the pleural space. Bilateral chylothorax caused by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been rarely reported in the literature. Sludging of lymph might be the underlying cause. We present a case of bilateral chylothorax in a patient with CLL.We also briefly discuss etiology, possible pathogenesis in our case along with diagnostic options and treatment modalities.
Changing teachers’ practice in the Creative Arts classroom: The case for educational technologies
Authors: De Villiers Alethea C. , Sauls Maxwell M.
Published: April 2017

The study described in this essay explores the use of educational technology as a resource in the Creative Arts classroom. Many teachers are not qualified to teach Creative Arts. They then tend to rely on curriculum documents and textbooks to help guide their planning, teaching and assessment. Most of the teachers who participated in this case study were not specialists in any of the arts, and in the education district where this study took place, there was a lack of ongoing professional development for the Creative Arts. To enable the teachers from Grades R to 7 to mediate more meaningful classroom teaching and learning in the Creative Arts, the researchers introduced the teachers to technology as a means to facilitate learning and teaching.This study follows a phenomenological approach to explore the use of educational technology in the teaching of dance, drama and music, which are three of the art forms in the Creative Arts. The researchers describe the teachers’ perceptions and attitudes towards using technology in the classroom. Eight teachers participated in the study (seven female and one male), ranging in age from 22 to 41 years. There were three teachers from the Foundation Phase, three teachers from the Intermediate Phase and two teachers from the Senior Phase. Data were collected from (1) unstructured open-ended conversational interviews, (2) observations of the participants during contact time with learners and (3) audio-visual recordings of the teachers in the classroom.Findings from the study showed that after the 10-month intervention of using educational technology in the classroom, there was divergence in the teachers’ use of technology. The findings also suggest that classroom practice in dance, drama and music improved.
Analysis of Clinical and Laboratory Alterations Related to Dengue Case Severity: Comparison between Serotypes 2 and 4 in Brazil
Authors: da Costa Faria Nieli Rodrigues , Solorzano Victor Edgar Fiestas , de Souza Luiz José , Nogueira Rita Maria Ribeiro , de Bruycker-Nogueira Fernanda , Chouin-Carneiro Thaís , Santos Simões Jaqueline Bastos , da Rocha Queiroz Lima Monique , de Oliveira Pinto Luzia Maria , Kubelka Claire Fernandes , Heringer Manoela , de Azeredo Elzinandes Leal , Barreto dos Santos Flavia
Published: April 2017

The increase in severe dengue (SD) cases has caused great impact on public health and has concerned authorities of countries where the disease is endemic and epidemics reach high proportions. The recognition of progression signs of this severe disease during the initial febrile phase can be difficult, since the symptoms are often indistinguishable from other febrile diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings in patients from two dengue outbreaks and their association with the disease. The study was conducted in patients (n = 153) with signs and symptoms consistent with dengue occurred during two distinct epidemics, 2010 and 2013, in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. According to the 2009 World Health Organization criteria, patients were classified as dengue without warning signs ([DwoWS] 60.6%, 57/94), dengue with warning signs ([DwWS] 30.9%, 29/94), and SD (4.25%, 4/94). Patients with DwWS/SD presented lower platelet and leukocyte counts and higher transaminase levels when compared with the DwoWS ones. Interestingly, patients from the epidemic of 2010 caused by dengue virus 2 (DENV-2) had lower platelet counts than patients of the 2013 epidemic caused by DENV-4. Furthermore, plasma leakage, gastrointestinal bleeding, and pleural effusion, hallmarks for a more severe disease, were also more frequently observed in those cases. Although previous studies may have extensively reported the wide range of the clinical aspects of dengue, the characterization of DENV-4 is desirable considering the burden of the disease during epidemics, especially for the health units and hospitals performing patient's management.
New microsporidia, Glugea sardinellensis n sp (Microsporea, Glugeida) found in Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847, collected off Tunisian coasts
Authors: MANSOUR Lamjed , THABET Aouatef , HARRATH Abdel Halim , Y. AL OMAR Suliman , MUKHTAR Ahmed , R. SAYED Shaban , ABDEL-BAKI Abdel-Azeem Sh. ,   Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia,   Unité de Recherche de Biologie intégrative et Ecologie évolutive et Fonctionnelle des Milieux Aquatiques, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunisia,   Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia,   Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia,   Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia,   Transmission Electron Microscope Unit, Research Centre, College of Science, King Saud University,   Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Published: April 2017

A new microsporidia Glugea sardinellensis n. sp. found in the teleost fish Sardinella aurita Valenciennes collected from the Tunisian coasts. The parasite develops in a large xenomas measuring 1–16 mm in diameter and is generally visible with naked eye in the connective tissue around the pyloric caeca of the host. Xenoma were often rounded, but would be occasionally ovoid or irregular shape, generally creamy but rarely opaque, and filled with mature spores. The spores were unikaryotic pyriform measuring 5–5.5 (5.25±0.24) µm in length and 2.5–3 (2.75±0.24) µm in width. The posterior vacuole was large and occupied more than half of the spore. Ultrastructural study indicated that the mature spore has 13–14 coils of polar filament arranged in one layer, and a rough exospore. Intermediate stages were rare and randomly distributed in the xenoma. Merogonial and sporogonial stages were uni or binucleate. The plasma membrane surrounding the meront was irregular and indented. The mean prevalence was 18.3% and it varied according to season and locality. The distribution of prevalence according to fish size indicated that small fish were primarily affected. Phylogenetic analysis using the partial sequence of the SSU rDNA showed consistent association with species of the genusGlugea. The most closely related species was Glugea atherinae Berrebi, 1979 with 98.5% similarity.
Year-round record of bulk and size-segregated aerosol composition in central Antarctica (Concordia site) Part 2: Biogenic sulfur (sulfate and methanesulfonate) aerosol
Authors: Legrand Michel , Preunkert Susanne , Weller Rolf , Zipf Lars , Elsässer Christoph , Merchel Silke , Rugel Georg , Wagenbach Dietmar
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Multiple year-round (2006–2015) records of the bulk and size-segregated composition of aerosol were obtained at the inland site of Concordia located in East Antarctica. The well-marked maximum of non-sea-salt sulfate (nssSO4) in January (84 ± 25 ng m−3 against 4.4 ± 2.3 ng m−3 in July) is consistent with observations made at the coast (280 ± 78 ng m−3 in January against 16 ± 9 ng m−3 in July at Dumont d’Urville, for instance). In contrast, the well-marked maximum of MSA at the coast in January (60 ± 23 ng m−3 at Dumont d’Urville) is not observed at Concordia (4.6 ± 2.4 ng m−3 in January). Instead, the MSA level at Concordia peaks in October (5.6 ± 1.9 ng m−3) and March (13.2 ± 6.1 ng m−3). As a result, a surprisingly low MSA to nssSO4 ratio (RMSA) is observed at Concordia in mid-summer (0.05 ± 0.02 in January against 0.25 ± 0.09 in March). We find that the low value of RMSA in mid-summer at Concordia is mainly driven by a drop of MSA levels that takes place in submicron aerosol (0.3 µm diameter). The drop of MSA coincides with periods of high photochemical activity as indicated by high ozone levels, strongly suggesting the occurrence of an efficient chemical destruction of MSA over the Antarctic plateau in mid-summer. The relationship between MSA and nssSO4 levels is examined separately for each season and indicates that concentration of non-biogenic sulfate over the Antarctic plateau does not exceed 1 ng m−3 in fall and winter and remains below 5 ng m−3 in spring. This weak non-biogenic sulfate level is discussed in the light of radionuclides (210Pb, 10Be, and 7Be) also measured on bulk aerosol samples collected at Concordia. The findings highlight the complexity in using MSA in deep ice cores extracted from inland Antarctica as a proxy of past DMS emissions from the southern ocean.
Accumulation of soil organic C and N in planted forests fostered by tree species mixture
Authors: Liu Yan , Lei Pifeng , Xiang Wenhua , Yan Wende , Chen Xiaoyong
Published: April 2017

Abstract. With the increasing trend of converting monocultures into mixed forests, more and more studies were carried out to investigate the admixing effects on the tree growth and aboveground carbon storage. However, few studies have considered the impact of mixed forests on the belowground carbon sequestration, and changes of soil carbon and nitrogen stock as forest grows in particular. In this study, paired pure Pinus massoniana plantations, Cinnamomum camphora plantations and mixed Pinus massoniana-Cinnamomum camphora plantations at ages of 10, 24 and 45 years were selected to test whether the mixed plantations sequestrate more organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) in soils and whether this admixing effect becomes more pronounced with stand ages. The results showed that tree species identity and composition as well as stand age significantly affect soil OC and N stock. The soil OC and N stocks were the highest in mixed Pinus-Cinnamomum stands compared to those in counterpart monocultures within the same age in the whole soil profiles or specific soil depth layers (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm) for most cases, followed by Cinnamomum stands, and the Pinus stands the lowest. And these positive admixing effects were mostly non-additive. Along chronosequence, the soil OC stock capacity peaked at 24-yr-old stand and maintained relatively stable thereafter. The admixing effects were also the highest at this stage. However, at topsoil layer, the admixing effects increased with stand ages in terms of soil OC stocks. When comparing mixed Pinus-Cinnamomum plantations with corresponding monocultures within the same age, the soil N stock in mixed stands was 8.30 %, 11.17 % and 31.45 % higher than the predicted mean value estimated from counterpart pure species plantations in 10-yr-old, 24-yr-old and 45-yr-old stands, respectively, suggesting these admixing effects were more pronounced along chronosequence.
Sensitivity of the Eocene Climate to CO2 and Orbital Variability
Authors: Keery John S. , Holden Philip B. , Edwards Neil R.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The early Eocene, from about 56 Ma, with high atmospheric CO2 levels, offers an analogue for the response of the Earth's climate system to anthropogenic fossil fuel burning. In this study we present an ensemble of 50 Earth system model runs with an early Eocene palaeogeography and variation in the forcing values of atmospheric CO2 and the Earth's orbital parameters. Two-dimensional model output fields are reduced to scalar values through simple summarising algorithms and by singular value decomposition. Relationships between these scalar results and the forcing parameters are identified by linear modelling, providing estimates of the relative magnitudes of the effects of atmospheric CO2 and each of the orbital parameters on important climatic features, including tropical-polar temperature difference, ocean-land temperature contrast, and Asian, African and S. American monsoon rains. Our results indicate that although CO2 exerts a dominant control on most of the climatic features examined in this study, the orbital parameters also strongly influence important components of the ocean-atmosphere system in a greenhouse Earth. In our ensemble, atmospheric CO2 spans the range 280–3000 ppm, and this variation accounts for over 95 % of the effects on mean air temperature, southern winter high-latitude ocean-land temperature contrast and northern winter tropical-polar temperature difference. However, the variation of precession accounts for over 75 % of the influence of the forcing parameters on the Asian and African monsoon rainfall, and obliquity variation accounts for over 65 % of the effects on winter ocean-land temperature contrast in high northern latitudes. Our method gives a quantitative ranking of the influence of each of the forcing parameters on key climatic model outputs, with additional spatial information from our singular value decomposition approach providing insights into likely physical mechanisms. The results demonstrate the importance of orbital variation as an agent of change in climates of the past.
Making better sense of the mosaic of environmental measurement networks: a system-of-systems approach and quantitative assessment
Authors: Thorne Peter W. , Madonna Fabio , Schulz Joerg , Oakley Tim , Ingleby Bruce , Rosoldi Marco , Tramutola Emanuele , Arola Antti , Buschmann Matthias , Mikalsen Anna C. , Davy Richard , Voces Corinne , Kreher Karin , De Maziere Martine , Pappalardo Gelsomina
Published: April 2017

Abstract. There are numerous networks and initiatives concerned with the non-satellite observing segment of Earth Observation. These are owned and operated by various entities and organisations often with different practices, norms, data policies etc. The Horizon 2020 project GAIA-CLIM is working to improve our collective ability to use an appropriate subset of these observations to rigorously characterise satellite observations. The first fundamental question is which observations from the mosaic of non-satellite observational capabilities are appropriate for such an application. This requires an assessment of the relevant, quantifiable aspects of the measurement series which are available. While fundamentally poor or incorrect measurements can be relatively easily identified, it is metrologically impossible to be sure that a measurement series is correct. Certain assessable aspects of the measurement series can, however, build confidence in their scientific maturity and appropriateness for given applications. These are aspects such as that it is well documented, well understood, representative, updated, publicly available, maintains rich metadata etc. Entities such as the Global Climate Observing System have suggested a hierarchy of networks whereby different subsets of the observational capabilities are assigned to different layers based upon such assessable aspects. Herein, we make a first attempt to formalise both such a system-of-systems networks concept and a means by which to, as objectively as possible, assess where in this framework different networks may reside. In this study, we concentrate upon networks measuring primarily a sub-set of the atmospheric Essential Climate Variables of interest to GAIA-CLIM activities. We show assessment results from our application of the guidance and how we plan to use this in downstream exemplary applications of the GAIA-CLIM project. However, the approach laid out could be more widely applicable. If broadly adopted, the system-of-systems approach will have potential benefits in guiding users to the most appropriate set of observations for their needs, and in highlighting to network owners and operators areas for potential improvement.
Inter-comparison of daily precipitation products for large-scale hydro-climatic applications over Canada
Authors: Wong Jefferson S. , Razavi Saman , Bonsal Barrie R. , Wheater Howard S. , Asong Zilefac E.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. A number of global and regional gridded climate products based on multiple data sources are available that can potentially provide reliable estimates of precipitation for climate and hydrological studies. However, research into the consistency of these products for various regions has been limited and in many cases non-existent. This study inter-compares several gridded precipitation products over 15 terrestrial ecozones in Canada for different seasons. The spatial and temporal variability of the errors (relative to station observations) was quantified over the period of 1979 to 2012 at a 0.5° and daily spatio-temporal resolution. These datasets were assessed in their ability to represent the daily variability of precipitation amounts by four performance measures: percentage of bias, root mean square error, correlation coefficient, and standard deviation ratio. Results showed that most of the datasets were relatively skilful in central Canada. However, they tended to overestimate precipitation amounts in the west and underestimate in the north and east, with the underestimation being particularly dominant in northern Canada (above 60° N). The global product by WATCH Forcing Data ERA-Interim (WFDEI) augmented by Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) data (WFDEI [GPCC]) performed best with respect to different metrics. The Canadian Precipitation Analysis (CaPA) product performed comparably with WFDEI [GPCC]; however, it only provides data starting in 2002. All the datasets performed best in summer, followed by autumn, spring, and winter in order of decreasing quality. Findings from this study can provide guidance to potential users regarding the performance of different precipitation products for a range of geographical regions and time periods.
Las epítomes epicúreas: destinatarios, funciones y problemas
Authors: Braicovich Rodrigo
Published: April 2017

El objetivo del trabajo consiste en relevar las funciones asignadas explícitamente por Epicuro a las distintas epítomes que se han conservado de su obra. Dicho relevamiento tendrá por objetivo, en primer lugar, señalar algunas dificultades implícitas en lo que denominaré la Interpretación Mínima, la cual se funda sobre tres presupuestos centrales: i) que el epicureísmo constituye una filosofía accesible a cualquier individuo, sin importar su género, estatus social, linaje o formación filosófica; ii) que, en concordancia con esto, las epítomes epicúreas constituyen resúmenes de las doctrinas principales del epicureísmo que pueden ser leídas por cualquier individuo independientemente de su formación filosófica; iii) que el manejo de las epítomes es suficiente por sí mismo para garantizar el acceso a la eudaimonia. A continuación, analizaré una línea de interpretación alternativa ya sugerida parcialmente por algunos comentaristas, la cual enfatiza la existencia simultánea de dos modalidades de abordaje de las epítomes, para concluir señalando las dificultades inherentes a dicha línea de lectura.
Sobre un argumento meta-ético y un argumento político en La religión dentro de los límites de la mera razón
Authors: Marey Macarena
Published: April 2017

En este trabajo, me propongo reconstruir dos tesis de importancia metaética, jurídica y política que Kant expone en Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloβen Vernunft. Se trata de dos tesis (con sus respectivas argumentaciones) que mantienen una sólida consistencia con dos de los núcleos temáticos de la Rechstlehre, lo que nos permite proponer que el texto de 1793 puede ser considerado una suerte de crítica propedéutica para la metafísica jurídico-política de Kant. La primera de estas tesis será analizada en la sección I y atañe a la concepción metaética de la libertad que Kant presenta en Religion a propósito del análisis del mal radical. La segunda, analizada en la sección II, a la serie de diferencias trazadas entre el estado de naturaleza y la comunidad éticos, por un lado, y el estado de naturaleza y la comunidad jurídico-políticos, por el otro. En una sección III, presentaré el sentido que estas tesis obtienen respecto de la recepción crítica que Kant hace de las teorías modernas iusnaturales.
Feyerabend ¿un filósofo de la ciencia posmoderno?
Authors: Gargiulo Teresa
Published: April 2017

El pensamiento de Feyerabend ha sido objeto de múltiples y divergentes interpretaciones. Pero entre ellas parece ser unánime la inscripción de su obra dentro de las coordenadas de una epistemología posmoderna. Estas lecturas podrían encontrar sustento en su anarquismo epistemológico el cual constituye en sí mismo una reducción al absurdo de los intentos del positivismo lógico y del racionalismo crítico por definir axiomática o metodológicamente la ciencia. En este sentido, su obra puede ser entendida, en parte, como una argumentación negativa y escéptica respecto a aquellas nociones de ciencia. No obstante, esta hermenéutica no deja de ofrecer una visión fragmentaria y parcial de su pensamiento y, particularmente, de su obra tardía. Nuestro propósito es reconstruir el pensamiento que formula en sus últimos años, con el fin de mostrar que éste no cumple las características posmodernas que habitualmente se le adjudican. Y, particularmente, determinar el sentido por el cual sería legítimo caracterizar su obra como posmoderna.
Urban form and impacts on urban heat for a corridor environment in Doha, Qatar
Authors: Skelhorn Cynthia , Ferwati Salim , Shawish Ayla , Shandas Vivek
Published: April 2017

Doha, Qatar is a coastal city on the Arabian Gulf. Like all cities, temperatures can vary quite widely throughout the city due to various factors. In Doha, for instance, records of monitoring data from ten weather stations during 2015 show that, on average, the temperature varied by 7 degrees Celsius across the city.

This paper will analyze temperature, traffic and built morphology data for 2016 along a major roadway in Doha. The research utilizes data from 3 main sources: seven days of vehicle traverses gathered in different seasons and for three times of day (morning, midday, and evening) in 2016 on the Al Salwa Rd corridor, reaching from the coast to approximately 10 km inland; daily traffic count data for intersections along the corridor; and data on building footprint and height within 500 m of the corridor.

The paper will consider the influence of several factors on the temperature and air quality variation along this corridor, including: land cover, proximity to parks and vegetated areas, albedo, distance from the sea and built morphology.

Temperature data will be analyzed in terms of Urban Heat Island Index (UHII), and time exceeding 37 degrees Celsius, the temperature above which conditions are considered as sweltering for human comfort. Temperature distribution maps will then be analyzed in relation to the factors noted previously.

Finally, statistical analyses will be performed to test the correlation between the urban heat, built morphology, and traffic, using GIS to visualize the urban heat and built morphology.
EcoBIM for micro-sustainability
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed Mohsen
Published: April 2017

Sustainability is one of the most important issues today. It could be achieved when all its factors could be managed and achieved effectively with full knowledge, strategic focus, and a balance of competing interests.

Micro-sustainability focuses on small environmental actions that collectively result in a large environmental impact. It encourages sustainable changes through “change agents”, i.e. individuals who are instrumental in bringing a change; therefore, they foster positive environmental action inside their sphere of influence. Examples of micro-sustainability include recycling, turning off unused lights, programming thermostats for efficient use of energy, reducing water usage, reduce waste and consumption.

Attentive design and planning is very crucial in any production process. Especially in the construction industry, a lot of time and effort is spent on measuring and analysing how any new construction will interact with materials and environmental conditions and a lot of information management is required for the whole process. In the last few years, the construction industry has gone digital, and technology has created a new process tool.

Building information modelling and management has become mandatory to achieve a sustainable construction process and product. New concepts such as EcoBIM have been recently introduced and applied in the construction market. EcoBIM software allows architects and engineers to digitally simulate different construction elements and understand how specific changes in design or construction models will have an impact on other variables. EcoBIM has especially improved the sustainable planning for building life cycle (cradle to grave).

EcoBIM helps to achieve micro-sustainability through BIM tools and management process, which in turn help in accurate design and construction analysis for efficient design and construction for efficient use of energy, reducing water usage, waste and consumption, etc.
Form without function: Transitions in the urban-built environment of Qatar
Authors: Rajakumar Mohanalakshmi
Published: April 2017

The introduction of air conditioning in Qatar has radically changed the everyday life both inside and outside the home both physically and socially. As part of a larger project investigating thermal comfort in Qatar, we seek to understand the ways changes in everyday Qatari life are connected to the articulation of a modernized and global national identity. Air conditioning is one of the material comforts that accompanies a diversifying economy as well as an influx of wealth and expatriates migrating to Qatar. We posit that in Qatar, similar to elsewhere in the Gulf, this economic and social trajectory has resulted in an increase in Western urban forms that do not take into account traditional design. Whereas the traditional design of Arab towns and neighborhoods reflects climatic and socio-religious practices, modernization has taken away many of these features, particularly in the design and articulation of new buildings in Qatar.

In what sense has it become difficult to orient oneself in Qatar with a place identity? This paper will discuss the various factors at place in the place identity challenges facing Qatar as a modern urban Arab city. We will discuss some of the salient features of passive cooling, such as wind towers and mashrabiya or screening, and how their inclusion in building identity is a nod to form without utilizing cooling functions. As case studies, we will discuss the ideas and impetus in such energy-intensive concepts that gave rise to the West Bay business district of skyscrapers and the ‘objects in a landscape’ approach to designing buildings in Education City.