bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D printing of conducting polymers
Authors: Yuk Hyunwoo , Lu Baoyang , Lin Shen , Qu Kai , Xu Jingkun , Luo Jianhong , Zhao Xuanhe
Published: March 2020

Conducting polymers are promising material candidates in diverse applications including energy storage, flexible electronics, and bioelectronics. However, the fabrication of conducting polymers has mostly relied on conventional approaches such as ink-jet printing, screen printing, and electron-beam lithography, whose limitations have hampered rapid innovations and broad applications of conducting polymers. Here we introduce a high-performance 3D printable conducting polymer ink based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) for 3D printing of conducting polymers. The resultant superior printability enables facile fabrication of conducting polymers into high resolution and high aspect ratio microstructures, which can be integrated with other materials such as insulating elastomers via multi-material 3D printing. The 3D-printed conducting polymers can also be converted into highly conductive and soft hydrogel microstructures. We further demonstrate fast and streamlined fabrications of various conducting polymer devices, such as a soft neural probe capable of in vivo single-unit recording.
Publisher Correction: Circulating serum HBsAg level is a biomarker for HBV-specific T and B cell responses in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Kim Jin Hyang , Ghosh Alip , Ayithan Natarajan , Romani Sara , Khanam Arshi , Park Jang-June , Rijnbrand Rene , Tang Lydia , Sofia Michael J. , Kottilil Shyam , Moore Chris B. , Poonia Bhawna
Published: March 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Interleukin 17A: a Janus-faced regulator of osteoporosis
Authors: Scheffler J. M. , Grahnemo L. , Engdahl C. , Drevinge C. , Gustafsson K. L. , Corciulo C. , Lawenius L. , Iwakura Y. , Sjögren K. , Lagerquist M. K. , Carlsten H. , Ohlsson C. , Islander U.
Published: March 2020

Interleukin (IL)-17A is a well-described mediator of bone resorption in inflammatory diseases, and postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with increased serum levels of IL-17A. Ovariectomy (OVX) can be used as a model to study bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and the role of IL-17A in osteoporosis development has previously been investigated using various methods to inhibit IL-17A signaling in this model. However, the studies show opposing results. While some publications reported IL-17A as a mediator of OVX-induced osteoporosis, others found a bone-protective role for IL-17 receptor signaling. In this study, we provide an explanation for the discrepancies in previous literature and show for the first time that loss of IL-17A has differential effects on OVX-induced osteoporosis; with IL-17A being important for cortical but not trabecular bone loss. Interestingly, the decrease in trabecular bone after OVX in IL-17A knock-out mice, was accompanied by increased adipogenesis depicted by elevated leptin levels. Additionally, the bone marrow adipose tissue expanded, and the bone-turnover decreased in ovariectomized mice lacking IL-17A compared to ovariectomized WT mice. Our results increase the understanding of how IL-17A signaling influences bone remodeling in the different bone compartments, which is of importance for the development of new treatments of post-menopausal osteoporosis.
Organ ischemia during partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta: Dynamic 4D Computed tomography in swine
Authors: Matsumura Yosuke , Higashi Akiko , Izawa Yoshimitsu , Hishikawa Shuji , Kondo Hiroshi , Reva Viktor , Oda Shigeto , Matsumoto Junichi
Published: March 2020

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) increases proximal pressure, and simultaneously induces distal ischemia. We aimed to evaluate organ ischemia during partial REBOA (P-REBOA) with computed tomography (CT) perfusion in a swine model. The maximum balloon volume was recorded as total REBOA when the distal pulse pressure ceased. The animals (n = 4) were scanned at each 20% of the maximum balloon volume, and time-density curve (TDC) were analysed at the aorta, portal vein (PV), liver parenchyma, and superior mesenteric vein (SMV, indicating mesenteric perfusion). The area under the TDC (AUTDC), the time to peak (TTP), and four-dimensional volume-rendering images (4D-VR) were evaluated. The TDC of the both upper and lower aorta showed an increased peak and delayed TTP. The TDC of the PV, liver, and SMV showed a decreased peak and delayed TTP. The dynamic 4D-CT analysis suggested that organ perfusion changes according to balloon volume. The AUTDC at the PV, liver, and SMV decreased linearly with balloon inflation percentage to the maximum volume. 4D-VR demonstrated the delay of the washout in the aorta and retrograde flow at the inferior vena cava in the highly occluded status.
Author Correction: Development and performance of prototype serologic and molecular tests for hepatitis delta infection
Authors: Coller Kelly E. , Butler Emily K. , Luk Ka-Cheung , Rodgers Mary A. , Cassidy Michael , Gersch Jeffrey , McNamara Anne L. , Kuhns Mary C. , Dawson George J. , Kaptue Lazare , Bremer Birgit , Wedemeyer Heiner , Cloherty Gavin A.
Published: March 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Long-distance proton transfer induced by a single ammonia molecule: ion mobility mass spectrometry of protonated benzocaine reacted with NH3
Authors: Ohshimo Keijiro , Miyazaki Shun , Hattori Keigo , Misaizu Fuminori
Published: March 2020

A long-distance proton transferviathe vehicle mechanism in the absence of a hydrogen-bonded solvent-bridge in molecules.
Advances in covalent kinase inhibitors
Authors: Abdeldayem Ayah , Raouf Yasir S. , Constantinescu Stefan N. , Moriggl Richard , Gunning Patrick T.
Published: March 2020

This comprehensive review details recent advances, challenges and innovations in covalent kinase inhibition within a 10 year period (2007–2018).
Recent advancements in the applications of carbon nanodots: exploring the rising star of nanotechnology
Authors: Sivasankarapillai Vishnu Sankar , Vishnu Kirthi Arivarasan , Akksadha Murugesan , Indu Somasundaram , Dhiviya Dharshini Udhayakumar , Pushpamalar Janarthanan , Karthik Loganathan
Published: March 2020

Nanoparticles possess fascinating properties and applications, and there has been increasing critical consideration of their use.
Synthesis and anti-proliferative activities of amine capped Pd and Pt macrocycles of 4,4′-dipyridylselenides
Authors: Chaudhari K. R. , Kunwar A. , Bhuvanesh N. , Dey S.
Published: March 2020

Symmetric macrocyclic complexes characterized as dimeric and their oligomeric form in water and the solid state exhibit high in vitro anticancer activities.
Eliciting student thinking about acid–base reactions via app and paper–pencil based problem solving
Authors: Petterson Michael N. , Watts Field M. , Snyder-White Emma P. , Archer Sabrina R. , Shultz Ginger V. , Finkenstaedt-Quinn Solaire A.
Published: March 2020

An understanding of acid–base reactions is necessary for success in chemistry courses and relevant to careers outside of chemistry, yet research has demonstrated that students often struggle with learning acid–base reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry. One response to this challenge is the development of educational applications to support instruction and learning. The development of these supports also creates an opportunity to probe students’ thinking about organic chemistry reaction mechanisms using multiple modalities—i.e., using an app interface or the traditional paper–pencil. This study used think-aloud interviews conducted with undergraduate students in their first semester of organic chemistry to understand how they worked through two acid–base reactions using either paper–pencil or an app. Analysis of the interviews indicates that students from both groups recognize the steps of acid–base reactions, but do not always apply the underlying concepts, such as assessment of pKa values or resonance, when determining how a reaction will proceed. The modality seemed to somewhat influence students’ thinking, as the app prevented students from making chemically unreasonable mistakes. However, some students relied on the cues it provided, which could potentially be problematic when they are required to respond to assessments that do not provide these cues. Our results suggest that instructors should emphasize the conceptual grounding for the steps that govern acid–base reactions to promote chemical thinking about the relationships between the reaction components and how those influence reaction outcomes, as well as support students to think critically about the chemical information contained within the modalities they are using.
High cytotoxic activity of ZnO@leucovorin nanocomposite based materials against an MCF-7 cell model
Authors: Sanad Mohamed Fathi , Abu Serea Esraa Samy , Bazid Shereen Magdy , Nabih Shimaa , Ahsan Md Ariful , Shalan Ahmed Esmail
Published: March 2020

In the current work, we design a multifunctional hybrid nanocomposite for treating MCF-7 cell lines, which act as a model for breast cancer cells, to overcome the serious side-effects of chemotherapy treatment pathways.
New insight derived from a two-compartment cell: electrochemical behavior of FeF3 positive electrode
Authors: Yoshii Kazuki , Taguchi Noboru , Miyazaki Takeshi , Shikano Masahiro , Sakaebe Hikari
Published: March 2020

A designed two-compartment cell revealed the degradation mechanism and an essentially effective additive for the FeF3 composite electrode.
Trapping of ZnCl2 by bipyridyl-functionalized organotin sulfide clusters, and its effect on optical properties
Authors: Geringer Eugenie , Leusmann Eliza , Tambornino Frank , Gerhard Marina , Koch Martin , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: March 2020

The bipyridyl-terminated cluster [(R4-bipySn)4S6] (R4-bipy = CMe2CH2C(Me)N–NC(H)-4-C10H7N2) traps ZnCl2 units from solution, which affects its optical properties.
Preparation and characterization of metal–organic frameworks and their composite Eu2O3@[Zn2(bdc)2dabco] (ZBDh) via pulsed laser ablation in a flowing liquid
Authors: Chen Qianhuo , Liu Qing , Zou Yingbing , Wang Lihua , Ma Xiuling , Zhang Zhangjing , Xiang Shengchang
Published: March 2020

The nanocomposites Eu2O3@[Zn2(bdc)2dabco] (ZBDh) synthesized by PLA in a flowing liquid can be used for the detection of methanol in fluorescence sensing.
Identifying intermolecular atom⋯atom interactions that are not just bonding but also competitive
Authors: Taylor Robin
Published: March 2020

This highlight criticises the QTAIM method and discusses algorithms for identifying intermolecular interactions that are both bonding and competitive.
Can glycine betaine denature proteins?
Authors: Acharyya Arusha , Shin Dayoung , Troxler Thomas , Gai Feng
Published: March 2020

Glycine betaine (GB) is a naturally occurring osmolyte that has been widely recognized as a protein protectant.
The total dose effect of γ-ray induced domain evolution on α-In2Se3 nanoflakes
Authors: Hou Pengfei , Chen Yun , Wang Xinhao , Lv Yang , Guo Hongxia , Wang Jinbin , Zhong Xiangli , Ouyang Xiaoping
Published: March 2020

The domain evolution and photodetection performance degradation of α-In2Se3 nanoflakes induced by the total dose effect of 60Co γ-rays are investigated.
A chemo-microbial hybrid process for the production of 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid as a promising bioplastic monomer from PET waste
Authors: Kang Myung Jong , Kim Hee Taek , Lee Min-Woo , Kim Kyung-An , Khang Tae Uk , Song Hye Min , Park Si Jae , Joo Jeong Chan , Cha Hyun Gil
Published: March 2020

In this study, 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), a valuable monomer for bio-degradable plastics, was synthesised using terephthalic acid (TPA) derived from PET waste by a comprehensive chemo-microbial hybrid process.
A magnetic γ-Fe2O3@PANI@TiO2 core–shell nanocomposite for arsenic removal via a coupled visible-light-induced photocatalytic oxidation–adsorption process
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Ping , Zhang Tian C. , Xiang Gang , Wang Xinlong , Pehkonen Simo , Yuan Shaojun
Published: March 2020

A magnetic γ-Fe2O3@PANI@TiO2 nanocomposite acts as an efficient photocatalyst coupled with adsorption for arsenic removal. It could achieve a good capacity of As(iii) removal under visible light.
Exchange-coupling behavior in SrTb0.01Tm0.01Fe11.98O19/(CoFe2O4)x hard/soft nanocomposites
Authors: Algarou N. A. , Slimani Y. , A. Almessiere M. , Baykal A.
Published: March 2020

The M against H loops and single peaks in dM/dH vs. H curves were noticed in SrFe12O19/MnCe0.04Fe1.96O4, SrFe12O19/CuCe0.04Fe1.96O4 and SrFe12O19/ZnCe0.04Fe1.96O4 hard/soft nanocomposites that indicated the manifestation of well exchange-coupled effect among hard and soft phases in these composites.
Salalen vs. thiolen: in the ring(-opening of epoxide and cyclic carbonate formation)
Authors: Driscoll Oliver J. , Stewart Jack A. , McKeown Paul , Jones Matthew D.
Published: March 2020

A range of Fe(iii)-salalen and -thiolen–chloride complexes have been prepared and are shown to be active catalysts for the selective coupling of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide (CHO).
Mapping the redox chemistry of common solvents in solvothermal synthesis through in situ X-ray diffraction
Authors: Broge Nils Lau Nyborg , Søndergaard-Pedersen Frederik , Roelsgaard Martin , Hassing-Hansen Xenia , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt
Published: March 2020

The redox properties of five common solvents under solvothermal conditions are demonstrated through synthesis and characterization of 3d metal based materials.
A solid-state colorimetric fluorescence Pb2+-sensing scheme: mechanically-driven CsPbBr3 nanocrystallization in glass
Authors: Zhang Liqiang , Lin Hang , Wang Congyong , Liu Wei-Ren , Li Shuxing , Cheng Yao , Xu Ju , Gao Hang , Li Kang , Copner Nigel , Chen Xueyuan , Wang Yuansheng
Published: March 2020

Herein, it is proposed a brand-new solid-state Pb2+-sensing strategy based on mechanically-driven glass crystallization in a Pb2+-responsive borate glass system.
Progress in recent development of stereoselective synthesis of β2-amino acid derivatives from β-nitroacrylate derivatives
Authors: Zeng Hao-Wei , Wu Ping-Yu , Wu Hsyueh-Liang
Published: March 2020

β2-Amino acids: recent advances in the synthesis of β2-amino acids and their derivatives from various stereoselective transformations of β-nitroacrylates are summarized.
Effects of tacticity and chiral center-to-dipole distance on mesogen-free liquid crystalline self-assembly of sulfonyl-containing comb-like polymers
Authors: Bohannon Caleb A. , Kwok Man-Hin , Li Ruipeng , Zhu Lei , Zhao Bin
Published: March 2020

Mesogen-free comb-like polyethers bearing strongly interacting mono- and di-sulfonylated side chains exhibit well-defined liquid crystalline self-assembly.
Improving the flame retardancy of waterborne polyurethanes based on the synergistic effect of P–N flame retardants and a Schiff base
Authors: Wang Hui , Du Xiaosheng , Wang Shuang , Du Zongliang , Wang Haibo , Cheng Xu
Published: March 2020

A novel reactive intumescent fire retardant hexa-[4-[(2-hydroxy-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenoxyl]-cyclotriphosphazene (HEPCP), containing both cyclotriphosphazene and Schiff base structures, is successfully prepared.
PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of Serine111 within the SF3 motif of Rab GTPases impairs effector interactions and LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation at Threonine72
Authors: Vieweg Sophie , Mulholland Katie , Bräuning Bastian , Kachariya Nitin , Lai Yu-Chiang , Toth Rachel , Singh Pawan Kishor , Volpi Ilaria , Sattler Michael , Groll Michael , Itzen Aymelt , Muqit Miratul M. K.
Published: March 2020

Loss of function mutations in the PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) kinase are causal for autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD) whilst gain of function mutations in the LRRK2 kinase cause autosomal dominant PD. PINK1 indirectly regulates the phosphorylation of a subset of Rab GTPases at a conserved Serine111 (Ser111) residue within the SF3 motif. Using genetic code expansion technologies, we have produced stoichiometric Ser111-phosphorylated Rab8A revealing impaired interactions with its cognate guanine nucleotide exchange factor and GTPase activating protein. In a screen for Rab8A kinases we identify TAK1 and MST3 kinases that can efficiently phosphorylate the Switch II residue Threonine72 (Thr72) in a similar manner as LRRK2 in vitro. Strikingly, we demonstrate that Ser111 phosphorylation negatively regulates the ability of LRRK2 but not MST3 or TAK1 to phosphorylate Thr72 of recombinant nucleotide-bound Rab8A in vitro and demonstrate an interplay of PINK1- and LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of Rab8A in transfected HEK293 cells. Finally, we present the crystal structure of Ser111-phosphorylated Rab8A and nuclear magnetic resonance structure of Ser111-phosphorylated Rab1B. The structures reveal that the phosphorylated SF3 motif does not induce any major changes, but may interfere with effector-Switch II interactions through intramolecular H-bond formation and/or charge effects with Arg79. Overall, we demonstrate antagonistic regulation between PINK1-dependent Ser111 phosphorylation and LRRK2-mediated Thr72 phosphorylation of Rab8A indicating a potential cross-talk between PINK1-regulated mitochondrial homeostasis and LRRK2 signalling that requires further investigation in vivo.
Unconventional biochemical regulation of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Ito Shoki , Osanai Takashi
Published: March 2020

Metabolite production from carbon dioxide using sugar catabolism in cyanobacteria has been in the spotlight recently. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis 6803) is the most studied cyanobacterium for metabolite production. Previous in vivo analyses revealed that the oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway is at the core of sugar catabolism in Synechocystis 6803. However, the biochemical regulation of the OPP pathway enzymes in Synechocystis 6803 remains unknown. Therefore, we characterized a key enzyme of the OPP pathway, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and related enzymes from Synechocystis 6803. Synechocystis 6803 G6PDH was inhibited by citrate in the oxidative tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Citrate has not been reported as an inhibitor of G6PDH before. Similarly, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, the other enzyme from Synechocystis 6803 that catalyzes the NADPH-generating reaction in the OPP pathway, was inhibited by citrate. To understand the physiological significance of this inhibition, we characterized succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) from Synechocystis 6803 (SySSADH), which catalyzes one of the NAD(P)H generating reactions in the oxidative TCA cycle. Similar to isocitrate dehydrogenase from Synechocystis 6803, SySSADH specifically catalyzed the NADPH-generating reaction and was not inhibited by citrate. The activity of SySSADH was lower than that of other bacterial SSADHs. Previous and this studies revealed that unlike the OPP pathway, the oxidative TCA cycle is a pathway with low efficiency in NADPH generation in Synechocystis 6803. It has, thus, been suggested that to avoid NADPH overproduction, the OPP pathway dehydrogenase activity is repressed when the flow of the oxidative TCA cycle increases in Synechocystis 6803.
UC1 sampling plan, liquid waste storage tanks, JRC Ispra
Authors: von Oertzen Gunhild , Nitzsche Olaf , Hashymov Artur
Published: March 2020

The objective of INSIDER work package 3 (WP 3) is to draft a sampling guide for initial nuclear site characterization in constrained environments, based on a statistical approach. In this paper, deliverable 3.4 (D 3.4) is presented for WP 3, where the strategy developed in deliverables 3.1 (D 3.1) to 3.3 (D 3.3) is applied to the first of three reference use cases representative of existing decommissioning scenarios. The present discussion focuses on use case 1 (UC1): the liquid waste storage facility at the JRC site of Ispra (Italy). The proposed characterization strategy developed in D 3.2 is applied in a step by step approach to analyse the pre-existing information (obtained through the use of a pre-sampling questionnaire), and to utilise the available inputs towards the development of a sampling plan sufficient for allowing radiological characterization. The proposed sampling plan follows a three-step approach, i.e. determination of possible elevation in activity concentration by non-destructive testing, biased sampling of layers identified, and finally unbiased sampling after mixing of tank contents.
INSIDER UC2: the BR3 biological shield preliminary results and future work
Authors: Broeckx Wouter , Rogiers Bart , Mangelschots Nico , Vandyck Ronny , Verstrepen Greet , Boden Sven
Published: March 2020

Aiming at economical optimization, the characterisation of the biological shield of the Belgian Reactor 3 is one of the three use cases intended to validate the integrated characterization methodology developed within the INSIDER project. Pre-existing data were used to define the sampling design strategy. The additional sampling and analysis program consisted of total gamma measurements at the inner surface of the biological shield (secondary data) and gamma spectrometry measurements on drill core samples (primary data). The newly acquired data is supplemented with the historical available data. The full data set currently consists of a total of 283 secondary and 379 primary data points. Preliminary calculations already provide a clear-cut representation of the three different end-stage classes: unconditional clearance, conditional clearance and radioactive waste. On the short term, the current model will be further refined and completed with proper risk evaluation. On the longer term, we envisage a global uncertainty calculation and sensitivity analysis of the entire process.
New records of anisakid nematodes from marine fishes off New Caledonia, with descriptions of five new species of Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) (Nematoda, Anisakidae)
Authors: Moravec František , Justine Jean-Lou
Published: March 2020

Recent examinations of anisakid nematodes (Anisakidae) from marine fishes off New Caledonia, collected in the years 2003–2008, revealed the presence of the following five new species of Raphidascaris Railliet et Henry, 1915, all belonging to the subgenus Ichthyascaris Wu, 1949: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) spinicauda n. sp. from the redbelly yellowtail fusilier Caesio cuning (Caesionidae, Perciformes); Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) fasciati n. sp. from the blacktip grouper Epinephelus fasciatus (Serranidae, Perciformes); Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) nudicauda n. sp. from the brushtooth lizardfish Saurida undosquamis (Synodontidae, Aulopiformes); Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) euani n. sp. from the Japanese large-eye bream Gymnocranius euanus (Lethrinidae, Perciformes); and Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) elopsis n. sp. from the Hawaiian ladyfish Elops hawaiensis (Elopidae, Elopiformes). An additional two congeneric species, R. (I.) etelidis Moravec et Justine, 2012 and R. (I.) sillagoides (Bruce, 1990) were found in the deep-water red snapper Etelis carbunculus (new host record) and the deepwater longtail red snapper Etelis coruscans (both Lutjanidae, Perciformes), and the silver sillago Sillago sihama (Sillaginidae, Perciformes) (new host and geographical records), respectively. Two unidentified congeneric species, Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) sp. 1 from the trumpet emperor Lethrinus miniatus (Lethrinidae, Perciformes) and Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) sp. 2 from the white-spotted puffer Arothron hispidus (Tetraodontidae, Tetraodontiformes) were recorded. Moreover, two species of Hysterothylacium Ward et Magath, 1917, H. alatum Moravec et Justine, 2015 and H. epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1941), were found in the leopard coralgrouper Plectropomus leopardus (type host) and the highfin grouper Epinephelus maculatus (new host) (both Serranidae, Perciformes), respectively. This is the second finding of H. epinepheli since its original description in Japan 79 years ago. Most species are described based on light and electron microscopical studies.
Molecular prevalence of Theileria infections in cattle in Yanbian, north-eastern China
Authors: Jia Lijun , Zhao Shaowei , Xie Suzhu , Li Hang , Wang Hao , Zhang Shuang
Published: March 2020

Bovine Theileria are tick-borne protozoan parasites that invade bovine erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Three main bovine Theileria species have been identified in China: T. orientalis, T. sinensis, and T. annulata. To examine the prevalence of bovine theileriosis in Yanbian, a total of 584 bovine blood samples were collected from five localities from 2017 to 2019 and analyzed by PCR. Six pairs of oligonucleotide primers directed against the 18S rRNA gene of Theileria spp., Tams-1 gene of T. annulata, MPSP gene of T. orientalis, and T. sinensis, were used to detect these parasites. A sequence analysis of the amplified genes confirmed that the Theileria species were T. orientalis and T. sinensis, without T. annulata. The overall prevalence of Theileria in cattle was 42.81% (250/584). Out of the 584 samples, 159 (27.23%) and 157 (26.88%) were positive for T. sinensis and T. orientalis, respectively, and the mixed infection rate was 11.30% (66/584). The total prevalence of bovine Theileria species in Helong, Hunchun, Longjing, Yanji, and Dunhua was 66.28%, 49.68%, 23.81%, 28.15%, and 0%, respectively. These results provide epidemiological data for the prevention and control of bovine Theileria species in Yanbian, China.
Ethnomedizin
Authors: Büssing Arndt
Published: March 2020

Es ist spannend und wichtig, sich interdisziplinär Gedanken zu machen, wie medizinische Systeme in anderen Regionen funktionieren, wie Krankheit und ihre Entstehung dort überhaupt verstanden werden, warum bestimmte Dinge konzeptionell völlig anders gedacht und verstanden werden, welche alternativen Behandlungsansätze es daher gibt – oft auch, weil es nichts anderes gibt. Damit assoziiert ist auch die wissenschaftliche Aufarbeitung kulturell „anderer“ Therapieansätze. Für uns heißt das, dass eine wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung auch mit indigenen Krankheitsvorstellungen, dem therapeutischen Tun bestimmter Heiler, mit spezifischen Heilpflanzen etc. stattfinden sollte, insbesondere natürlich, wenn Personen aus diesen Kulturkreisen von uns behandelt werden.
Editorial
Authors: Ewertsen Caroline
Published: March 2020

Dear Colleagues,

Europe is severely hit by the virus SARS-CoV-2 and most countries report
increasing numbers of people affected by COVID-19. WHO has declared it a
pandemic, many countries have introduced severe restrictions on travelling and
thousands of people around Europe are in quarantine. Currently, the most
severely affected European country is Italy, which also experienced some of the
first European cases.
Antioxidantien und Brustkrebstherapie: Untersuchung (MARIE Studie) wissenschaftlich zweifelhaft
Authors: Beuth Josef
Published: March 2020

Derzeit werden Patientinnen und Patienten unter Krebsstandardtherapien (Chemo- / Strahlentherapien) ohne Grund durch Presseveröffentlichungen stark verunsichert, die Ergebnisse einer Arbeit zur Einnahme von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln mit antioxidativen Substraten zum Inhalt haben. Diese Publikation 1 auf Grundlage der MARIE-Studie, durchgeführt von 2002 bis 2005, weist gravierende Mängel auf (retrospektive Analyse mittels Fragebögen; Art der Antioxidantien, deren Mischung, Dosierung und Einnahmedauer nicht spezifiziert sind; wissenschaftlich unhaltbare gemeinsame Bewertung unterschiedlich wirkender Antioxidantien). Daher sind die getroffenen Schlussfolgerungen (erhöhte Rezidivrate und Sterblichkeit von Brustkrebspatientinnen durch komplementäre Seleneinnahme unter Chemo-/Strahlentherapie) aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht nicht haltbar.
Über die heilende Kraft des echten
Gesprächs
Authors: Maio Giovanni
Published: March 2020

Für den Umgang mit hilfsbedürftigen Menschen in Medizin und
Pflege ist das Gespräch das Zentrale, denn mag das Gespräch auch
nicht lebensrettend sein, so bleibt es gleichwohl überlebensnotwendig.
Das Gespräch ist in sich wertvoll, trägt in sich einen Wert,
weil das Gespräch selbst spricht. Allein dass man mit jemandem spricht,
bringt man das Eigentliche schon zum Ausdruck, nämlich dass der andere
Bedeutung hat. Weil das Gespräch Vermittlung und Ausdruck zugleich ist,
wird auch erklärbar, warum gerade das Gespräch Wirklichkeit
verändert, und dies oft in einem nachhaltigeren und tieferen Sinn, als
es ein Medikament je könnte.
Denksysteme und Medizinsysteme – von der Abbildung der
Wirklichkeit in der Ethnomedizin
Authors: Stoll Günther
Published: March 2020

Ethnomedizin und die zugehörigen Forschungsdisziplinen Ethnobotanik und
Ethnopharmakologie beschäftigen sich mit den Medizinsystemen fremder
Kulturen und den ihnen zugrundeliegenden Denksystemen. Solche Forschungen sind
sowohl aus anthropologischer und kulturwissenschaftlicher Sicht interessant als
auch als mögliche Fundquellen für neue Arzneimittelwirkstoffe.
Tatsächlich gibt es bereits eine Reihe erfolgreicher Adaptionen
tradierter Wirkprinzipien in die Medizin westlicher Prägung; teilweise
werden diese Wirkprinzipien gemäß der ursprünglichen
indigenen Verwendung eingesetzt, teilweise bildeten sie den Ausgangspunkt
für weitere Entwicklungen hin zu Monosubstanzen, chemisch-synthetischen
Derivaten oder auch zu neuen Indikationen. In manchen Ländern bestehen
die traditionellen Medizinsysteme parallel zu westlichen, in anderen bilden sie
die einzige zur Verfügung stehende Form der Gesundheitsversorgung. Bei
der Beschäftigung mit traditionellen Medizinsystemen sind viele
Vorsichtsmaßnahmen und Randbedingungen zu beachten; wichtig ist daher
vor allem die Erkenntnis, dass sie bei allen kulturell bedingten Unterschieden
doch auf einem großen medizinischen Erfahrungsschatz beruhen und
wertvolle Anregungen geben können. Der Beitrag erläutert den
erkenntnistheoretischen Hintergrund, gibt einen Überblick über
die wichtigsten traditionellen Medizinsysteme und zeigt einige praktische
Nutzanwendungen.
S2K-Leitlinie zur Diagnostik der idiopathischen Lungenfibrose
Authors: Behr J. , Günther A. , Bonella F. , Dinkel J. , Fink L. , Geiser T. , Geißler K. , Gläser S. , Handzhhiev S. , Jonigk D. , Koschel D. , Kreuter M. , Leuschner G. , Markart P. , Prasse A. , Schönfeld N. , Schupp J. C. , Sitter H. , Müller-Quernheim J. , Costabel U.
Published: March 2020

Die idiopathische Lungenfibrose (IPF) ist eine schwerwiegende, chronische Lungenerkrankung, deren Diagnosestellung eine profunde fachliche Expertise verlangt. Seit Veröffentlichung der internationalen IPF-Leitlinie im Jahr 2011 mit Update 2018 haben zahlreiche Studien und technische Fortschritte eine Neubewertung des diagnostischen Vorgehens notwendig gemacht. Angesichts der Indikation, symptomatischen Patienten eine antifibrotische Therapie sofort nach Diagnosestellung zu empfehlen, hat die aktuelle IPF-Diagnostik-Leitlinie zum Ziel, die Diagnose der IPF möglichst ohne Verzögerung, wenig invasiv und zuverlässig zu ermöglichen. Sie beschreibt den typischen klinischen Kontext der IPF sowie die Untersuchungen, die zum Ausschluss bekannter Ursachen einer Lungenfibrose erforderlich sind, einschließlich standardisierter Anamneseerhebung, serologischer Testungen und zellulärer Analyse der bronchoalveolären Lavage. Zentrale Bedeutung kommt dem hochauflösenden Computertomogramm in Dünnschichttechnik zu. Sofern eine Histologie zur Diagnoseeingrenzung erforderlich ist, soll diese in erster Linie mittels der transbronchialen Lungen-Kryobiopsie gewonnen werden. Die chirurgische Lungenbiopsie soll Patienten vorbehalten bleiben, die in ausreichender Verfassung für diesen Eingriff sind und bei denen die endoskopische Diagnostik keine Klärung der Diagnose ergab. Goldstandard ist auch weiterhin die interdisziplinäre Diskussion der erhobenen Befunde, um nach Ausschluss anderer Formen chronisch progredienter Lungenfibrosen die Diagnose der IPF zu stellen.
A new 12-French plastic stent for unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Deprez Pierre H. , Moreels Tom G. , Aouattah Tarik , Piessevaux Hubert , Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles Enrique
Published: March 2020

Background Self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) are recommended in unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction. However, problems with dysfunction and migration of these stents are not negligible. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a new 12-Fr plastic stent.

Methods In an observational, prospective study, all consecutive patients who underwent biliary stenting with the 12-Fr stent were considered (index group). Referent groups were a historical cohort, matched by sex, etiology, and metastatic status, including patients with 10-Fr plastic stents and with fully covered and uncovered SEMSs (FCSEMSs and UCSEMSs). Outcomes were stent patency, recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO), technical success, 30-day mortality and adverse events. A post-procedure examination of removed stents was done.

Results 72 patients (median age 66, range 32 – 94 years, 50 % men) were included (24 index, 48 referents). There were no differences in median stent patency time (P = 0.684). RBO was significantly lower with the 12-Fr compared with the 10-Fr profile stent (50 % vs. 81.3 %, P = 0.04), but no difference was found compared with the FCSEMSs (50 % vs. 43.8 %, P = 0.698). Technical success was 100 %, with no differences in 30-day mortality P = 0.105). The adverse events rate was 4.2 % for both groups (index n = 1, referents n = 2). Of 11 removed 12-Fr plastic stents suspected to be dysfunctional, 7 (64 %) were still patent.

Conclusions This new 12-Fr plastic stent could be an effective and cheaper alternative to SEMSs in distal malignant biliary obstruction.
The Potential Role of Aldosterone-Producing Cell Clusters in Adrenal
Disease
Authors: Lim Jung Soo , Rainey William E.
Published: March 2020

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension.
The hallmark of PA is adrenal production of aldosterone under suppressed renin
conditions. PA subtypes include adrenal unilateral and bilateral
hyperaldosteronism. Considerable progress has been made in defining the role for
somatic gene mutations in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) as the primary
cause of unilateral PA. This includes the use of next-generation sequencing
(NGS) to define recurrent somatic mutations in APA that disrupt calcium
signaling, increase aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression, and aldosterone
production. The use of CYP11B2 immunohistochemistry on adrenal glands from
normal subjects, patients with unilateral and bilateral PA has allowed the
identification of CYP11B2-positive cell foci, termed aldosterone-producing cell
clusters (APCC). APCC lie beneath the adrenal capsule and like APA, many APCC
harbor somatic gene mutations known to increase aldosterone production. These
findings suggest that APCC may play a role in pathologic progression of PA.
Herein, we provide an update on recent research directed at characterizing APCC
and also discuss the unanswered questions related to the role of APCC in PA.
Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Synthesis of Novel Quinolone- Bis(indolyl)methane Hybrids as Promising α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Liu Sheng , Duan Lian , Zuo Ming-Xing , Xie Kai-Qiang , Liu Yuan-Cui , Qiu Wen-Zhuang , Wang Li-Ping
Published: March 2020

An unexpected cascade reaction is developed for the construction of functionalized 3-bis(indol-3-yl)methylquinoline-2(1H)-ones. Three C–C bonds and one ring are created in one pot triggered by Pd-catalyzed C-3 alkenylation of indole with 2-acyl-N-acrylaniline derivatives. A series of complex and specific quinoline-2(1H)-ones were produced, most of them showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.
Diabetes and Addictive Disorders
Authors: Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Bajaj Sarita , Tiwaskar Mangesh , Joshi Ameya , Deshmukh Vaishali
Published: March 2020

Prevalence of addictive disorders among persons with diabetes mellitus (DM) (type 1 and type 2) ranges from 9.6 to 29%. Excessive and problematic use of psychoactive substances in persons with diabetes results in poor glycemic control with frequent hyperglycemic crisis. Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, benzodiazepines, inhalants, and stimulants are common psychoactive substances used among persons with diabetes in India. The daily use of alcohol by men and women with DM should not exceed 15 and 30 g of ethanol, respectively. Use of other psychoactive substances is not recommended for persons with DM. Various screening tools exist for assessing substance abuse like WHO-ASSIST, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and Opioid Risk Tool. Integrated management of co-occurring addictive disorder and DM is recommended. Psychosocial treatments for substances include brief interventions (BIs), motivational interviewing, contingency management, relapse prevention, and cognitive behavior therapy
Implications of Metabolically Healthy Obesity—Ganesha Speaks
Authors: Shaikh Rukia Surya , Patil Pratiksha , Lathia Tejal
Published: March 2020

The cherubic elephant God Ganesha, a favorite of millions of Hindu devotees, sports a round belly. Humans who have a round belly would be classified as obese. Is all obesity unhealthy? What is metabolically healthy obesity? Different definitions and criteria make the discussion of metabolically healthy obesity difficult and challenging.
Risk Stratification of Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Determining the Effect on Chronic Cardiopulmonary Complications: The REACH Study
Authors: Stevens Hannah , Fang Wendy , Clements Warren , Bloom Jason , McFadyen James , Tran Huyen
Published: March 2020

Introduction Patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) are at risk of developing chronic complications including the post-PE syndrome with reduced cardiopulmonary function and chronic thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Risk stratification at PE diagnosis is an important tool in predicting early mortality; however, its use in predicting chronic complications has not been evaluated.

Objective This study investigates the effect of initial risk stratification of intermediate risk and standard risk PE on the rate of development of chronic complications including right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, residual perfusion defects, and CTEPH.

Methods Cases of acute PE (n = 1,524) were identified using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification discharge diagnosis coding for PE. Evidence of RV dysfunction and systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg were used to risk stratify into high, intermediate and standard risk PE.

Results There were 508 patients included in the analysis. Intermediate risk PE was associated with higher rates of persistent RV dysfunction as well as residual perfusion defects on repeat imaging. The overall rate of CTEPH was low (0.6%) and there was no difference between the intermediate risk and standard risk PE groups.

Conclusion These findings demonstrate that acute intermediate risk PE is associated with higher rates of RV dysfunction on follow-up imaging than standard risk PE. However, the rate of CTEPH was similar between the two groups and overall the CTEPH rate was low among all patients with intermediate and standard risk PE.
A novel design of a high-performance flexure hinge with reverse parallel connection multiple-cross-springs
Authors: Du Shaoyang , Liu Jiangnan , Bu Hezhe , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2020

Deformation of leaf springs leads to axis drift and warping of traditional cross-spring flexure hinges, which result in rotation errors. To restrain the axis drift and warping, a design idea of reverse parallel connection was proposed by combining the invention principles of “merging,” “symmetry,” “the other way round,” and “another dimension.” Based on the idea, the Reverse Parallel Multiple-Cross-Spring (RPMCS) flexure hinge without warping was designed. Taking the RPMCS-3 flexure hinge as an example, experimental and simulation results of the flexure hinge consistently demonstrate that the rotational stiffness remains nearly constant under driving torque, and the relative error is substantially stabilized within 10%. In addition, the rotation accuracy of quasi-zero axis drift under torque is demonstrated by simulation results. Furthermore, the anti-interference performance of rotational stiffness and rotation accuracy is studied, which provides a reference for analyzing the performance and stability of the flexure hinge under disturbances. The rotational performance of the flexure hinge is obviously higher than other flexure hinges that existed.
Novel imaging technique for non-destructive metrology and characterization of ultraviolet-sensitive polymeric microstructures
Authors: Rountree Corey M. , Ramkumar Pradeep Kumar , Saggere Laxman
Published: March 2020

The negative photoresist SU-8 has attracted much research interest as a structural material for creating complex three-dimensional (3D) microstructures incorporating hidden features such as microchannels and microwells for a variety of lab-on-a-chip and biomedical applications. Achieving desired topological and dimensional accuracy in such SU-8 microstructures is crucial for most applications, but existing methods for their metrology, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical profilometry, are not practical for non-destructive measurement of hidden features. This paper introduces an alternative imaging modality for non-destructively characterizing the features and dimensions of SU-8 microstructures by measuring their transmittance of 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) light. Here, depth profiles of SU-8 3D microstructures and thin films are determined by relating UV transmittance and the thicknesses of SU-8 samples imaged in the UV spectrum through the Beer–Lambert law applied to the images on a pixel-by-pixel basis. This technique is validated by imaging the UV transmittance of several prototype SU-8 3D microstructures, including those comprising hidden hollow subsurface features, as well as SU-8 thin-films, and verifying the measured data through SEM. These results suggest that UV transmittance imaging offers a cost-effective, non-destructive technique to quickly measure and identify SU-8 microstructures with surface and hidden subsurface features unlike existing techniques.
Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of triple-cation perovskite halide materials for solar cells
Authors: Hu Zhelu , Aigouy Lionel , Chen Zhuoying , Fournier Danièle
Published: March 2020

We report on the measurement of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity by a modulated thermoreflectance microscopy technique on a mixed-cation perovskite material [Cs0.05(formamidinium0.83methylammonium0.17)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3] widely applied for solution-processed perovskite solar cells. Such materials are supposed to present improved thermal stability compared to methylammonium-based single cation perovskites. Our measurements are performed on perovskite/TiO2/SnO2:F/SiO2 structures, with perovskite thicknesses ranging between 250 nm and 1000 nm. This configuration is the one of a real solar cell, with the same substrate and intermediate layers as of an operating device. We measured a thermal conductivity kper of 0.26 ± 0.03 W m−1 K−1 and a thermal diffusivity Dper of 3.5 × 10−7 ± 0.5 m2 s−1. The value for thermal conductivity is comparable to the one measured on single cation perovskites, which is generally in the 0.2–0.6 range. The value for thermal diffusivity has not been reported previously.
Multi-frame interferometric imaging with a femtosecond stroboscopic pulse train for observing irreversible phenomena
Authors: Martynowych Dmitro , Veysset David , Maznev A. A. , Sun Yuchen , Kooi Steven E. , Nelson Keith A.
Published: March 2020

We describe a high-speed single-shot multi-frame interferometric imaging technique enabling multiple interferometric images with femtosecond exposure time over a 50 ns event window to be recorded, following a single laser-induced excitation event. The stroboscopic illumination of a framing camera is made possible through the use of a doubling cavity that produces a femtosecond pulse train that is synchronized to the gated exposure windows of the individual frames of the camera. The imaging system utilizes a Michelson interferometer to extract phase and ultimately displacement information. We demonstrate the method by monitoring laser-induced deformation and the propagation of high-amplitude acoustic waves in a silicon nitride membrane. The method is applicable to a wide range of fast irreversible phenomena such as crack branching, shock-induced material damage, cavitation, and dielectric breakdown.
Thermally induced generation and annihilation of magnetic chiral skyrmion bubbles and achiral bubbles in Mn–Ni–Ga magnets
Authors: Ding Bei , Zhang Junwei , Li Hang , Zhang Senfu , Liu Enke , Wu Guangheng , Zhang Xixiang , Wang Wenhong
Published: March 2020

Magnetic chiral skyrmion bubbles and achiral bubbles are two independent magnetic domain structures, in which the former with an equivalent winding number to skyrmions offer great promise as information carriers for further spintronic devices. Here, in this work, we experimentally investigate the generation and annihilation of magnetic chiral skyrmion bubbles and achiral bubbles in the Mn–Ni–Ga thin plate by using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (L-TEM). The two independent magnetic domain structures can be directly controlled after field cooling manipulation by varying the titled angles of external magnetic fields. By imaging the magnetization reversal with increasing temperature, we found an extraordinary annihilation mode of magnetic chiral skyrmion bubbles and a non-linear frequency for the winding number reversal. The quantitative analysis of such dynamics was performed by using L-TEM to directly determine the barrier energy for the magnetization reversal of magnetic chiral skyrmion bubbles.
Enhanced photovoltaic effects in ferroelectric solid solution thin films with nanodomains
Authors: Matsuo Hiroki , Noguchi Yuji , Miyayama Masaru , Kiguchi Takanori , Konno Toyohiko J.
Published: March 2020

Domain structures in polar materials provide an additional degree of freedom to tune ferroelectric photovoltaic (PV) effects. One of the approaches to control domain structures is to form a solid solution with analogs in different symmetries. In this study, we investigate the influence of domain structures on the PV properties of ferroelectric thin films in the xBaTiO3–(1−x)BiFeO3 (BT–BFO) solid-solution system (x = 0.1 and 0.2). We found that a substitution of BT for BFO substantially decreases the domain size down to several tens of nanometers, leading to an enhanced PV response owing to a marked contribution of the domain-wall PV effect.
Effect of design and stress relaxation on structural, electronic, and luminescence properties of metamorphic InAs(Sb)/In(Ga,Al)As/GaAs mid-IR emitters with a superlattice waveguide
Authors: Chernov M. Yu. , Solov’ev V. A. , Komkov O. S. , Firsov D. D. , Andreev A. D. , Sitnikova A. A. , Ivanov S. V.
Published: March 2020

We report on structural and optical studies of metamorphic InAs(Sb)/In(Ga,Al)As quantum well (QW) heterostructures with different designs of the active region, grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates and emitting in the mid-IR spectral range (3.0–3.5 μm) at room temperature. The influence of the thickness of the InGaAs/InAlAs superlattice waveguide and design of the InSb/InAs/InGaAs QW on stress balance in such metamorphic structures, their luminescent properties, and density of extended defects in the active region is discussed. The peculiarities of electron and hole energy spectra of the active region vs stress and design are studied theoretically in the framework of the 8-band Kane model and verified experimentally by Fourier-transform infrared photoreflectance spectroscopy. Despite that optimized metamorphic heterostructures are characterized by the extended defect density in the active region of just about 107 cm−2, carrier confinement in the QW has a stronger impact on their mid-IR photoluminescence intensity at room temperature.