bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytofluorimetric assay to investigate variability in blinatumomab in vitro response
Authors: Braidotti Stefania , Franca Raffaella , Granzotto Marilena , Piscianz Elisa , Tommasini Alberto , Rabusin Marco , Stocco Gabriele , Decorti Giuliana
Published: February 2022

Background: The T-cell engager antibody blinatumomab (BlincytoT⁢M) represents a promising rescue therapy for relapsed/refractory CD19+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), although ~20–30% of patients still do not respond to treatment. Blinatumomab creates a tight synapsis between CD3+ T-lymphocytes and leukemic CD19+ B-cells, resulting in a granzyme B (GzB)-mediated specific lysis of leukemic cells. Methods: Aim of the study was to provide evidence that variability in blinatumomab response could have a genetic basis in PAX5, one of the most often mutated genes in B-ALL, affecting the CD19 surface expression on lymphoblasts, and could be explored in vitro by means of a cytofluorimetric assay, staining both surface antigens (CD45, CD19 and CD3) and intracytoplasmic markers (7AAD, Syto16). Two human immortalized B-ALL cell lines (NALM6 and REH) were chosen for their different PAX5 and CD19 protein levels, as verified by western blot and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: In contrast to NALM6, REH cells do not express the full-length PAX5 protein and show less CD19 on the cell surface (fluorescence peak median intensity: 9155 versus 28895). Co-cultures of CD3+ T-lymphocytes from healthy donors and B-ALL cell lines were seeded at an effector-to-target cell ratio of 1:10 for simulating the condition existing in the bone marrow due to the malignant invasion of blast cells. Co-cultures were exposed in vitro to blinatumomab and the simultaneous increase in blast mortality and T-lymphocytes activation induced by the drug was observed at day +7 (both effects: p < 0.0001 versus untreated, two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test), and was particularly pronounced in REH compared to NALM6 co-cultures (p < 0.05). Surprisingly, daily release of GzB in supernatants, measured by an ELISA assay, was significantly lower in drug-exposed REH co-cultures compared to NALM6 at early time-points (days +3 and +4, p-value < 0.0001, three-way ANOVA), reaching a comparable plateau only towards the end of the incubation period (at day +5). Only 2 out of 5 primary co-cultures of leukemic and mononuclear cells isolated from bone marrow aspirates of B-ALL patients (age: median 10.7 years, interquartile range (IQR) 3.4; males: 60%) responded to the drug in vitro (simultaneous blast mortality and T-lymphocyte activation: both effects: p < 0.0001 versus untreated) and at different drug concentrations. Results were unrelated to the percentages of immature CD19+ B-cells in the diagnostic samples. Conclusions: In conclusion, cytofluorimetric analysis can highlight the different response induced by blinatumomab among co-cultures. Whether and how this difference is affected by PAX5-regulated CD19 expression is unclear and whether it is predictive of in vivo response to therapy remains to be established. Further dedicated studies are required to investigate these issues in detail.
Physio-chemical and co-expression network analysis associated with salt stress in sorghum
Authors: Choi Sehyun , Kang Yuna , Lee Solji , Jeon Dong-Hyun , Seo Sumin , Lee Tae-Ho , Kim Changsoo
Published: February 2022

Background: Abiotic stress can damage crops and reduce productivity. Among them, salt stress is related to water stress such as osmosis and ions, and like other abiotic stresses, it can affect the growth of plants by changing gene expressions. Investigating the profiles of gene expression under salt stress may help us understand molecular mechanisms of plants to cope with unfavorable conditions. Results: To study salt tolerance in sorghum, physiological and comparative transcriptomic studies were performed using a Korean sorghum cultivar ‘Sodamchal’ which is considered sensitive to soil salinity. In this study, the samples were treated with two concentrations of NaCl [0 (control) and 150 mM], and the leaves and roots were harvested at 0, 3, and 9 days after the treatment. For the physiological study, the levels of anthocyanin, proline, reducing sugar, and chlorophyll were evaluated in the control and the treatment group at each sampling point. The results show that the cultivar ‘Sodamchal’ has salt-susceptible profiles. We also analyzed the transcription profile in the presence of 0 and 150 mM NaCl to confirm the candidate genes under the saline stress condition. Between the control and salt treatment, we found a total of 1506 and 1510 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the leaves and roots, respectively. We also built a gene co-expression network to determine the association of the candidate genes in terms of biological pathways. Conclusions: Through the co-expression network, genes related to salt stress such as AP2/ERF and Dehydrin were identified. This study provides the physiological and genic markers that could be used during intense salt stress in sorghum. These markers could be used to lay the foundation for the distribution of high-quality seeds that are tolerant to salt in the future.
Novel tetrameric cell penetrating antimicrobial peptoids effective against mycobacteria and drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Fleck Bettina Simone , Mukherjee Devika , Tram Nhan Dai Thien , Ee Pui Lai Rachel , Schepers Ute
Published: February 2022

Background: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, cationic, amphipathic molecules that have gained tremendous popularity as alternatives to traditional antibiotics due to their lower propensity to develop bacterial resistance. However, the clinical developability of AMPs remains impeded due to shortcomings such as proteolytic instability and poor penetration leading to low bioavailability. Aims: To improve the access of AMPs to cells and subsequent bacteria killing, we evaluated the cell-penetrating and antimicrobial properties of three novel libraries of synthetic peptoids using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, killing efficacy and membrane permeabilization assays against mycobacteria and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, we investigated cell selectivity using mammalian cells to assess peptoid toxicity. Results: We showed that short tetrameric Rhodamine B-labeled peptoids composed of a balance of aromatic and lipophilic residues have potent selective antimicrobial activity against a range of microorganisms. The most potent candidates were active against drug-resistant S. aureus isolates as well as mycobacterial strains, with cell penetrating capabilities reported in HeLa and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Conclusions: These data suggest that peptoids with novel dual functionalities may potentially be an interesting class of therapeutics and/or molecular delivery agents for anti-infective purposes.
Fractal analysis in the quantification of medical imaging associated with multiple sclerosis pathology
Authors: Paun Maria-Alexandra , Nichita Mihai-Virgil , Paun Vladimir-Alexandru , Paun Viorel-Puiu
Published: February 2022

Backgrounds: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inveterate phlogistic situation characterized by focal and vaguely diffusive de-myelination and neurodegeneration, in the sphere of central nervous system (CNS). The brain’s chronic inflammatory reaction includes astrocyte stimulation and microglial motivation, as well as macrophages marginal conscription. This lasting serious soreness of the brain is connected with neurodegeneration period and disability advance. Methods: The present study is considering two main purposes as follows. Primarily, to apply the fractal analysis in the idea of documenting the fractals dominance at all stages of the nervous system hierarchy, giving faith to the precept of their funciar relevancy. Secondly, to take into account the problems unresolved of the thorough connections between self-organized criticality concept and self-similarity notion. More precisely, in reality we will obtain information about the fractal size and lacunarity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), on the areas of interest of the brain, rich in microglial cells with fringes from peripheral macrophages cells. Results: This approach will play a decisive role in the action of detecting neural disabilities, such as in particular multiple sclerosis cortical onset, the final goal of our investigation. The diagnosis is based on interpretation of both histological sample pictures and images obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance. Using fractal analysis, we have calculated, for each image separately, both the fractal dimension and the lacunarity, as an objective quantitative measure of the demyelinating action. Conclusions: For three histopathological samples on glial cells, with visible erosions, the fractal dimension has value over 1.89 and the lacunarity value is between 0.050 and 0.079. In the gray level stages of the studied MRI pictures, the fractal dimension is above the value of 1.7 and the lacunarity is between the values of 0.0286 and 0.0393.
Acute coronary syndrome and renal impairment: a systematic review
Authors: Di Mauro Marco , Fiorentini Vincenzo , Mistrulli Raffaella , Veneziano Francesco Antonio , De Luca Leonardo
Published: February 2022

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) may reciprocally influence each other. Patients with CAD and CKD have an increased risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic events. Methods: In the present review, we summarize the existing literature focusing on the relationship between kidney dysfunction and acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in terms of risk factors, complications, and prognosis. We discuss also about the best evidence-based strategies to prevent deterioration of renal function in patients with CAD. Results: Patients with CKD less frequently receive an invasive management (percutaneous or surgical revascularization) and potent antithrombotic drugs. Nevertheless, recent evidence suggests they would benefit from a selective invasive management, especially in case of ACS. Conclusion: Patients with CKD and CAD represent a challenging population, more randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses are needed to better define the best therapeutic strategy during an ACS episode.
An in-depth review of retrospective studies to assess the role of vascular brachytherapy for the treatment of complex patients with multiple risk factors for DES-ISR
Authors: Mittal Anika , Dhaliwal Satvinder S , Bhullar Devind , Dass Joshua
Published: February 2022

Background: Vascular brachytherapy (VBT) used to be an effective treatment modality for management of in-stent stenosis but was superceded by drug eluting stents (DES) which had shown a greater efficacy. However, there is no clear evidence to support superior management for in-stent restenosis (ISR) which continues to be a challenge. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature and appraised PubMed, Medline, Web of science, ProQuest and Cochrane databases from 2000 to 2020. We assessed comparative outcomes including efficacy (as assessed by measuring major adverse cardiac events, target vessel revascularisation, target lesion revascularisation, all-cause mortality, target lesion myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis) and safety of VBT. Results: Of 1083 records obtained, a total of 8 retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria. In the included studies, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rates ranged from 10% to 17.5% in the VBT group compared to 14.1% to 28.2% in the re-DES group at one year follow up. There were lower rates of target vessel revascularisation (VBT 10–22.8%; control 18–22.9%) and target lesion revascularisation (VBT 10–14.1%, Control 8–22.1%) between the VBT and re-DES groups. There were significantly low rates of all-cause mortality (1–5.4%), target lesion myocardial infarction (0–7%) and stent thrombosis (0–2.1%) in the VBT group at one year. Conclusions: VBT is considered to be an effective and safe treatment strategy in complex patients with multiple risk factors for DES-ISR in initial reports. There are no long-term comparison studies available beyond 1 year. There is a need for randomised controlled trials to objectively assess the role of VBT compared to DES and drug coated balloons.
Coronary artery cavitation as a trigger for atherosclerotic plaque progression: a simplified numerical and computational fluid dynamic demonstration
Authors: Rigatelli Gianluca , Zuin Marco , Bilato Claudio , Nguyen Thach
Published: February 2022

Backgrounds: Coronary cavitation is supposed to be generated by both concentric and eccentric coronary artery stenosis which propagates downstream the vessel, creating microbubbles which exploded when the fluid pressure was lower than the vapor pressure at a local thermodynamic state. Objective: To assess, using numerical and computational fluid dynamic analysis (CFD), the potential of cavitation to both induce damage to coronary artery endothelium and to promote atherosclerotic plaque progression. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data 12 consecutive patients evaluated between 1st January 2013 and 1st January 2014 with an isolated hemodynamically significant Left Main (LM) disease. The patient specific geometries have been reconstructed. Bubble velocity has been calculated in accordance with Newton’s second law. Both the forces arising from the bubbles’ interaction with the continuous phase and impact with the endothelium have been evaluated. The impact of turbulence on the motion of bubbles have been modelled with a dispersion model. Results: Among the 12 patients retrospectively analysed [8 males, mean age 68.2 ± 12.8 years old], the mean LM stenosis was 72.3 ± 3.6%. As expected, in all subjects, LM stenoses induced cavitation which propagates downstream the vessel creating microbubbles. The higher concentration of vapor region was detected before the carina (within 0.8 to 1.3 cm from the stenosis). Due to the pressure gradient generated by the stenosis, formation of a re-entry jet which penetrates each bubble generated a shock wave. Before the carina, the mean bubbles radius observed was 4.2 ± 1.4 μm, which generated a mean peak pressure of 3.9 ± 0.5 MPa when they explode. Conclusion: The cavitation phenomenon is effectively generated in a model of LM bifurcation and instantaneous pressure-peaks due to collapses of vapor bubbles resulted in a measurable dynamic load on vessel wall potentially able to induce endothelial damage.
Effect of Geological Characteristics on Landslides and Floods in Karangtengah
Authors: Putra Wiratama , Paripurno Eko Teguh , Nugroho Nandra Eko
Published: February 2022

Bantul regency becomes an area that has a high potential for flooding in 2019 with each percentage of 27%, Bantul regency becomes an area that has a high potential for landslide disasters with a percentage of 43% or there has been a landslide as much as 220 times, landslide-prone points in Bantul districts are in some places there are 5 districts that are very vulnerable, one of the landslides and floods was in the Karangtengah village, research in this Karangtengah to see the most influential geological character as a trigger and cause of landslides and floods in the area of ??Karangtengah, The method used in this research is a field survey method assisted by GIS software, in field survey activities, by looking at the condition of the slopes, lithology on the slopes and structures that develop on the slopes, this analysis is carried out to determine the influence of geology on landslide disasters in the area. the upstream part which is the slope, while the analysis for the flood disaster is in the form of studies including infiltration at several points including residential areas and riverbanks and analysis of rainfall data, infiltration is carried out in the river boar area which is the downstream part, the geological aspects of landslides and floods in the Karangtengah area are quite dominant considering the results of the infiltration analysis, geomorphology and developing structures, besides the geological aspects of hydrometeorology and the use of a fairly large influence on the occurrence of the disaster.
Mitigation of Environmental Damage in the Cangkringan Area, Sleman Regency
Authors: Purwanta J , Suharwanto Suharwanto , Ristyowati Trismi
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to conduct a study of environmental damage at the location of rock and sand extraction and provide directions or recommendations for environmental management. The research location is in the Karangkendal Hamlet area in the Balong Hamlet, Umbulharjo Village, Cangkringan District area which has ecotourism potential. Ecotourism or ecotourism is one of the environmentally friendly tourism activities by prioritizing aspects of nature conservation, aspects of socio-cultural economic empowerment of local communities as well as aspects of learning and education. This tourism potential is supported by the majority of the area being used as agricultural land. The decision also shows that to reuse agricultural land on the slopes of Merapi after the eruption of Mount Merapi, it is necessary to carry out mitigation in the form of restoring agricultural land by moving eruption material so that the land has room to grow for plants. The problem that arises is that it turns out that there has been illegal and irregular mining of the sirtu material. so that this results in negative impacts both for the community around the planned activity location and the surrounding environment such as the potential for landslides, damage to agricultural land, and land that cannot be used for the long term (unproductive land). CV Rubi Khan Daiman who was assigned to carry out land restoration then collaborated with our research team to conduct research on efforts to mitigate environmental damage so that in the implementation of land restoration, the maximum positive impact will be obtained for the surrounding community and minimize negative impacts. so that this results in negative impacts both for the community around the planned activity location and the surrounding environment such as the potential for landslides, damage to agricultural land, and land that cannot be used for the long term (unproductive land).
Braille Detection Application Using Gabor Wavelet and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Florestiyanto Mangaras Yanu , Prapcoyo Hari
Published: February 2022

Difference any exchanging of several kinds information such visual, printed or written form between impairments vision or blind with normal will cause problem especially in written form. For instance in the assistance of a blind child by family with normal vision. One of family role is education to help their children to study and understand about their learning development from home, particularly for blind children. In this study, braille letters can be identified through images obtained using a scanner to help parents and families of a blind child in learning assistance by implementing the Gabor Wavelet feature extraction method. The features used are standard deviation, mean, variance, and median with theta angles of 00,300,450,600,1200,1350,1800 and wavelengths 3,6,13,28, and 58. These features will be combined and used as input as test data and training data. at the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification stage and generates words in the alphabet. The braille letters detected in this study were small braille letters, capital braille letters, punctuation marks, and numbers. The test is carried out using a multi-class confusion matrix scenario to determine the level of accuracy, precision, and recall. Based on the results of tests carried out using 758 braille data, the accuracy value is 98.15%, the precision value is 97.66% and the recall value is 98.28%. From these results it can be concluded that the Gabor Wavelet feature extraction method and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) can be used to identify braille letters.
The application of Factor Analysis (FA) in evaluating suppliers selection criteria in PT. Wijaya Karya Beton Tbk Indonesia and ranking suppliers using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions (TOPSIS)
Authors: Ristono Agus , Wahyuningsih Tri , Ibrahim Muhammad Taufik
Published: February 2022

The largest factories of the cocrete iron industry in Indonesia is PT. Wijaya Karya Beton Tbk. The company is faced with supplier selection problem. Each supplier has its own advantages and disadvantages, making it difficult for the company to choose the right supplier. There are many criteria that can be used in supplier selection. Based on previous research, all of the criteria are selected using factor analysis, to determine suitable criteria in the cocrete iron industry in Indonesia. Then after obtaining the criteria used, the supplier assessment is carried out using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions (TOPSIS). The results showed that the use of factor analysis and TOPSIS methods can be used to select the right suppliers for the cocrete iron industry in Indonesia. Then there are 13 sub-criteria that are considered in selecting the right supplier at PT Wijaya Karya Beton Tbk. These sub-criteria are divided into four criteria. Azuma Co., Ltd. selected for the first best supplier and Mastex Inc. was ranked second.
Comparative Study between Ringer’s Lactate and Gelofusine as Preloading Infusion in Spinal Anaesthesia for Prevention of Hypotension
Authors: Gupta Birendra , Ghosh Arup , Ray Amit , Haldar Purba , Piplai Gautam
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Spinal anaesthesia is a form of safe regional anaesthetic technique but sometimes associated with few untoward side effects , most commonly hypotension. This study was planned to compare the efficacy of Ringer’s lactate and Gelofusine as preloading infusion to prevent hypotension, requirement of vasopressors and requirement of total fluid given during surgery under spinal anesthrsia to maintain stable hemodynamics.
Methods: 60 male patients undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia were randomly allocated into 2 groups. Groups were designated according to the study fluid transfused over 15 minutes as follows: Group R (n=30) - Patients receiving 10ml/kg body weight of Ringer’s Lactate, Group G (n=30) - Patients receiving 10ml/kg body weight of Gelofusine. After preloading, vital parameters were recorded. Subarachnoid block was performed and Vital parameters were recorded at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90 minutes after giving subarachnoid block. All demographic and clinical parameters, level of sensory block, requirement of intraoperative Mephenteramine, intravenous fluid administration and incidence of adverse effects were documented at different points of time and compared accordingly.
Results: There was significant difference (p<0.05) in SBP and DBP in the two groups from 5 to 18 minutes. HR differ significantly in the groups from 7 to 18 minutes. Volume of intraoperative fluid and Mephentermine required after spinal anaesthesia is less in patients preloaded with Gelofusine as compared to Ringer’s lactate.
Conclusions: Preloading with Gelofusine (colloid) is more effective than Ringer’s lactate (crystalloid) in spinal anaesthesia for prevention of hypotension.
Comparison of Urine Dipstick Nitrite Test with Urine Culture in the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Adhikari Sanjib , Sapkota Sanjeep , Poudel Prativa , Regmi Ramesh Sharma , Kafle Sujata , Baral Sangita , Dallakoti Nirajan , Rana Jid Chani , Mahato Bipin , Rijal Komal Raj
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Urine dipstick is a rapid, cost-effective test used as a marker for quick detection of bacterial Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). Nitrite test depends on the conversion of nitrate to nitrite by the action of Gramnegative bacteria present in urine. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Nitrite test in relation to urine culture.
Methods: Two hundred fresh uncentrifuged urine samples with suspicion of UTI were collected and tested for nitrite by using urine dipstick strip (COMBI-10SL) prior to the culture. Nitrite was consideredas positive if there was a change in color of dipstick from colorless towards pink within 60 seconds.Quantitative urine culture was performed by using the strips calibrated to deliver 0.02 μL of urine onCystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar. All plates were incubated at 37°C and read after 24to 48 hours. Culture was considered as the gold standard to evaluate the performance of the dipsticktest. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of the isolates was done using the Kirby-Bauer discdiffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.
Results: Out of 200 samples, 36 (18.00%) samples showed significant growth whereas 164 (82.00%) samples did not show significant growth. Out of 36 samples, 25 (69.44%) samples showed positive nitrite test while 11 (30.55%) showed negative nitrite test. The sensitivity, Specificity, Positive PredictiveValue and Negative Predictive Value of the nitrite test were 69.44%, 89.63%, 59.52% and 93.03%respectively. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli 29 (80.55%) followed byEnterobacter aerogenes 3 (8.33%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 (5.56%). The antimicrobial profile ofthe isolates revealed that 14 (38.89%) isolates were MDR.
Conclusions: Dipstick test for the detection of nitrite in urine is sensitive and specific and can be used for the primary screening of UTI in a resource-limited setup. Confirmatory diagnosis should be followed by the urine culture method.
Diagnostic Performance of CT Compared to PET/CT in Evaluating Bone Metastasis - An Initial Experience from Nepal
Authors: Shahi Rajive , Rayamajhi Sampanna , Maharjan Sagar , Panta Sujata
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Bone metastasis is frequently encountered in different cancers. Computed tomography (CT) is commonly used to detect bone metastasis. Positron emission tomography (PET) has only recently been introduced in Nepal. Various studies have shown PET/CT to be superior to CT alone in identifying bone metastasis. This study aims to compare the utility of CT scan compared to F-18 FDG PET/CT for detecting bone metastasis in common non-hematological malignancies.
Methods: The medical records of cancer patients referred to us between from September 2019 to April 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Two radiologists and two nuclear medicine physicians read the CT and PET/CT scans respectively, performed as part of the same study. Results were categorized as positive, negative of equivocal. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CT alone was evaluated compared to PET/CT.
Results: A total of 365 patients were included in the study. Out of 365 patients, bone metastasis was detected in 53 patients (14.5%). CT alone was true positive in 40 patients, true negative in 311 patients, false positive in 1 patient and false negative in 13 patients. (5 equivocal cases considered as negative). On per-patient analysis, CT alone when compared to PET/CT had sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of 75.4%, 99.6% and 96.1% respectively for detection of bone metastasis.
Conclusions: Our study highlights that metabolic alteration in bone metastasis are identified by F-18 FDG PET/CT even before morphological changes are apparent on CT. Further, F-18 FDG PET/CT is extremely helpful if CT findings are equivocal for bone metastasis.
Maternal and Perinatal Outcome of Threatened Abortion with Subchorionic Hemorrhage in First and Second Trimester
Authors: Kayastha Bhagirathi , Shrestha Abha
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Threatened abortion with subchorionic hemorrhage (SCH) is a common phenomenon during first and second trimester of pregnancy. Most pregnancies may continue to term and may be associated with poor maternal and fetal outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the maternal and perinatal outcomes of threatened abortion with SCH in first and second trimester.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Dhulikhel Hospital from August 2017 to July 2018. Total 150 cases were included in the study who had ultrasonography done to find out the size of SCH. They were followed up until spontaneous abortion or up to delivery of fetus. The outcomes were documented in terms of abortion, antepartum hemorrhage (APH), term or preterm vaginal delivery, cesarean section, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), low birth weight (LBW) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission.
Results: The mean age was 25.39± 5.60 years and 59.33% were primigravida. 82.66% had SCH of size <4cm2 and rest had SCH of size ≥4cm2. 9.33% had spontaneous abortion. Among those whose pregnancy continued, 11.75% had preterm delivery, 14.70% had APH, 18.38% had IUGR, 11.76% had LBW and 13.97% had NICU admission.
Conclusions: The size of SCH influences the pregnancy outcomes. Spontaneous abortion was seen more with SCH of size ≥4cm2 whereas continuation of pregnancy was seen more with SCH of size <4cm2. The associations of SCH of size ≥4cm2 with APH and IUGR were found to be significant whereas those with NICU admission and LBW were found to be insignificant.
Pregnancy Outcome in Amniotic Fluid Index 5 cm or less in Term Pregnancy at Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital, Birgunj, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Ruby , Chudal Deepa , Shah Ravi Kumar , Jain Usha
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Oligohydramnios has increased incidence of fetal distress, meconium-stained liquor, prolonged labor, low Apgar score, low birth weight, admission to NICU, cord compression, birth asphyxia, and operative interference. The objective of the study was to determine the pregnancy outcome in amniotic fluid index 5 cm or less in term pregnancy.
Materials and Methods
This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at National Medical College & Teaching Hospital from June 2017 to May 2018. A total of 72 obstetric cases with AFI ≤ 5 cm and 72 cases with AFI > 5 cm with meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study after taking consent.
Results
Incidence of oligohydramnios was 2.2% out of 4318 deliveries and term oligohydramnios was 1.66%. AFI ≤ 5 cm was associated with increased induction of labor (p < 0.001), caesarean section (p = 0.01)), meconium stained liquor (p = 0.106), Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes (p = 0.001), NICU admission (p = 0.003), neonatal deaths (p = 0.053) were comparable with AFI >5 cm.
Conclusion
Amniotic fluid index ≤ 5 cm at term is an indicator of poor perinatal outcome.  Women with AFI ≤ 5 cm can expect a good outcome if they have regular ANC visits and intrapartum monitoring than the AFI > 5 cm.
Iron Deficiency in Anemic Patients: Study in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Chaurasiya Anand Kumar , Alam Fahad , Patel Amit Kumar , Manna Sourav , Singh Niraj Kumar
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Anemia is a clinical abnormality characterized by a reduction in hemoglobin concentration below the normal for age and sex. It can be of different types, the most common being iron deficiency anemia which affects mostly pregnant and lactating females and growing children in the developing world.
Materials and Methods
This was a hospital-based observational study conducted at National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Pathology Department, Birgunj, Nepal. Patients above the age of 10 years of both sexes (male and females) having anemia ( males having hemoglobin level < 13 gm/dl and females having hemoglobin level < 12 gm/dl ) were included. After a detailed history, preliminary blood tests including complete blood counts, peripheral smear, and reticulocytes count were done. In patients suspected (microcytic hypochromic blood picture and normal reticulocytes count )  to have iron deficiency anemia, serum ferritin was done to confirm the diagnosis. Patients under the age of 10 years and those patients having blood malignancies (acute or chronic leukemia) were excluded from the study.
Results
Sixty anemic patients were found to have iron deficiency. Females were affected more (66%) with iron deficiency anemia than males (34%). There were two peaks (30% and 21%) in age groups 10 – 20 years and 61 – 70 years. Complete blood counts revealed a significant decrease in the value of red cell indices like mean corpuscular volume in 70% patients (Normal MCV 80 to 100 fl) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in 72% patients (Normal MCH 27 to 33 pg ).  On peripheral smear, it was seen that most of the patients (72%) had microcytic hypochromic blood pictures. Iron deficiency anemia was more common in rural areas.
Conclusion
Iron deficiency anemia was the most common type of anemia. It is more common in females and the prevalence is more in rural areas.
Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Upper Lip: A Case Report
Authors: KC Anjana , Shrestha Brijesh , Paudel Vikash
Published: February 2022

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumour of the major salivary gland presenting as a painless mass gradually increasing in size, usually involving the parotid gland. In the minor salivary gland, it is more common in the palate. Pleomorphic adenoma of the lip is a rare tumour. Thus, we present a case of pleomorphic adenoma originating from the upper lip in a 75 years old male patient. The tumor was completely excised and sent for histopathological examination which showed the microscopic features of pleomorphic adenoma to confirm the diagnosis.
Malignant Cervical Lymphadenopathy among Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in a Tertiary Care Center in Far Western Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shreepaili Ashok , Dhakal Sushil
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The utility of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is well established in the diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes, new-onset, or recurrence. This study aims to find the prevalence of metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy among fine needle aspiration cytology in a tertiary care center in far western Nepal.
Materials and Methods
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in Seti Provincial Hospital and Maya Metro Hospital, Dhangadhi, Kailali, Nepal between July 2018 to December 2019. Total 534 cervical lymph node aspirations were performed during this period out of which 48 cases were cytologically proven as malignant lymph nodes. Clinical charts and cytology reports of patients with malignant lymph nodes were reviewed.
Results
Out of 534 cervical lymph node aspirations performed during the study period, the number of malignant lymph nodes was 48 (8.99%). Among malignant lymph nodes (n=48), primary hematolymphoid malignancy was 14 (29.17%) and metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy was 34 (70.83%). Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma was the most common etiology of metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy followed by nasopharyngeal carcinoma and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.
Conclusion
Fine needle aspiration cytology has been proved to be a valuable tool in the initial evaluation of metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy in resource-limited settings. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma is the most common diagnosis in metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy.
Ossicular Chain Status in Adults with Chronic Otitis Media Mucosal at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Nepal
Authors: KC Sarita , Bista Ranishma , Bhattarai Sriya , Dutta Vijay Bhushan
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Chronic Otitis Media (COM) is a common condition characterized by perforation of the tympanic membrane and inflammation of middle ear cleft mucosal lining for at least 2-6 weeks. This study was carried out to find out the status of the middle ear ossicles in patients with COM mucosal and to correlate with clinical parameters.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective clinical study comprises 106 myringoplasty patients at the department of ENT, Shree Birendra Hospital. Their preoperative PTA, four frequencies (500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, and 4000 Hz) Air Conduction Thresholds (ACT), and Air Bone Gap (ABG) were recorded. Ossicular chain integrity and mobility evaluated intraoperatively were noted. Ossicular chain status was analyzed with ACT and ABG.

Results

The ossicles were intact and mobile in 91.5%, either fixed/ restricted or disrupted in 8.5%. Mean ACT and ABG comparisons in intact and ossicular chain defect groups were statistically significant. Frequency-specific ACT at all four frequencies and ABG except at 4000 Hz in the two groups were also statistically significant to predict the ossicular involvement. The group with ossicular defect had moderate to severe Conductive Hearing Loss (CHL).

Conclusion

 Mean as well as frequency-specific ACT and ABG can be considered as a potential preoperative predictor for ossicular chain status in COM mucosal.
Konsolidasi Tanah Untuk Optimalisasi Tanah Pertanian Berskala Kecil (Studi Kasus Di Kota Salatiga)
Authors: Arnowo Hadi
Published: February 2022

Pelaksanaan konsolidasi tanah di Kota Salatiga  pada tahun anggaran 2018 terletak di Kelurahan Kauman Kidul. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji manfaat konsolidasi tanah untuk optimalisasi tanah pertanian berskala kecil. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif yaitu menjelaskan hasil yang diperoleh dan menganalisisnya dengan peraturan mengenai konsolidasi tanah. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang bersumber dari wawancara dan observasi dan data sekunder berupa data tekstual dan data spasial dari Kantor Pertanahan Kota Salatiga. Kesepakatan dari peserta program konsolidasi tanah bahwa sumbangan tanah untuk pembangunan yang utama berupa pelebaran dan pembangunan jalan lingkungan serta peningkatan teknis jaringan irigasi. Sedangkan hasil sumbangan yang masih tersisa berupa persil tanah digunakan untuk pembangunan penunjang agrowisata seperti pusat kuliner dan tempat istirahat, pos pengamanan, kandang ternak bersama, area parkir, gazebo dan embung. Implementasi desain konsolidasi tanah di lapangan tidak mengalami hambatan karena sudah sesuai dengan kehendak masyarakat. Dampak positif dari terlaksananya konsolidasi tanah adalah masyarakat petani termotivasi untuk tetap mengusahakan lahan pertanian dan sekaligus membangun agrowisata yang melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat.
Учебное пособие по курсу «Автоматизированная обработка пространственных данных» : учебное пособие, [электронное издание сетевого распространения] / П.Е. Каргашин, А.М. Карпачевский.– М.: «КДУ», «Добросвет», 2022. – 103 с.
Authors: Каргашин П.Е. , Карпачевский А.М.
Published: February 2022

В данном пособии рассмотрены основы языка программирования Python, показаны возможности его применения для географов, в том числе для решения практических задач тематического картографирования и пространственного анализа. Пособие построено таким образом, что материал объясняется на типичных для географии и картографии задачах, что не только позволяет получить представление о возможностях языка программирования Python3, но и демонстрирует, как можно применять полученные знания для автоматизации типовых операций. В каждом разделе также приведены ссылки на полезные ресурсы, актуальные на момент написания пособия. Все материалы изложены применительно к операционной системе Windows, однако в случае использования macOS или Linux изменения будут незначительны.
INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF EXPORT-ORIENTED AND IMPORT-SUBSTITUTING MODELS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
Authors: ZHDANOVA LYUDMILA
Published: February 2022

Topicality. The actuality of problem is due to the need to reorient the economy of Ukraine to innovative development and change in this regard, the model of economic policy.Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to determine and compare the relative costs of research and development in connection with the relative values of gross fixed capital formation and costs of machinery and equipment in parity for countries that implement import-substituting and export-oriented industrialization to justify the most effective model innovative economic policy.Research results. The studied economic indicators are calculated on the basis of the purchasing power parity of the currency (PPP). Calculations of the volume and structure of accumulation in parity indicators show certain patterns. The most important of them is the gap between the values of the gross fixed capital formation and its most important part – the cost of machinery and equipment, calculated in national currency and per PPP. Moreover, such a gap in the countries of export-oriented industrialization is small, while in the countries of import-substituting industrialization and in Ukraine, as an export-oriented economy, it is very significant. The general pattern is a higher share of accumulation in GDP in settlements in the national currency than in settlements in PPP. As a result, the calculations of the gross fixed capital formation and the cost of machinery and equipment in the national currency create an unreasonably optimistic view of the prospects for innovative economic development. It is of scientific interest to compare the structure of accumulation in the countries of export-oriented industrialization, import-substituting industrialization, and in Ukraine as an export-oriented economy. Thus, the share of accumulation as a part of GDP per capita in the countries of export-oriented industrialization is maintained at 22-42%, and the cost of machinery and equipment – at 4-8%. Approximately the same indicators remain in the calculations in the national currency. In the countries of import-substituting industrialization, the share of accumulation as a share of GDP per capita is maintained at 11-23%, and the cost of machinery and equipment – at 2-5%. Ukraine's economy, if the calculations are made in the national currency, shows a structure of accumulation close enough to that of import-substituting industrialization. However, according to the PPP, its economy provides a much smaller share of GNP and machinery and equipment in GDP – 9-13% and 2-3%, respectively.Conclusion. Distortion of accumulation indicators is associated with a significant deviation of the official exchange rate of the national currency from its purchasing power parity. The small scale of accumulation calculated in parity indicators characterizes the narrow base for research and development and the small potential for their introduction into production.
Correlações entre circunferência escrotal e medidas corporais de machos da raça Santa Inês com idade entre seis e sete meses observados em exposições
Authors: Lopes Karoline Batista de Paiva , Urbano Stela Antas , Trigueiro Paulo Henrique C. , Furtado Dermeval Araújo
Published: February 2022

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a correlação entre medidas corporais (peso corporal e perímetro torácico) e circunferência escrotal de ovinos da raça Santa Inês com idade entre seis e sete meses. Foram estudados 54 machos, pertencentes à 3ª categoria segundo regulamento da ABSI (Associação Brasileira de Santa Inês). Os dados foram obtidos durante a mensuração dos animais, sendo determinados o peso corporal, o perímetro torácico e a circunferência escrotal. Os coeficientes de correlação foram positivos entre peso e circunferência escrotal e entre perímetro torácico e circunferência escrotal, porém, apenas o primeiro foi significativo, apresentando ainda, valor de médio a baixo. Conclui-se que as correlações entre circunferência escrotal e medidas corporais não são consenso entre autores, apresentado divergências significativas quanto aos coeficientes encontrados.
Risco de infecção cruzada: transmissão interespécies do papilomavírus humano e animal conferido pela expressão clínica da doença
Authors: Marins Rachel Siqueira de Queiroz Simões
Published: February 2022

Objetivou-se determinar a composição centesimal de diferentes cortes da carcaça, sendo 03 (três) filés de peito de frango, 03 (três) patinhos de ovino, 03 (três) contra-filés bovino e 03 (três) picanhas suína. A porção comestível do contra-filé bovino foi a que apresentou maior teor de gordura total, enquanto que o filé de peito de frango apresentou maior teor de proteína. A atividade de água nos cortes foi semelhante, com destaque para a carne ovina, a carne de frango apresentou maior luminosidade e com tendência para o tom amarelo, enquanto a carne bovina apresentou os tons mais vermelhos.
Performance-Based Strategy on Evaluating to Write for Student at Arabic Literature Faculty of Universitas Negeri Malang
Authors: Manaf Luthfi Abdul
Published: February 2022

Purpose - This study aims to uncover the Performance-Based Strategy on Evaluating to Write for students at the Arabic Literature Faculty of Universitas Negeri Malang.

Design/methodology/approach - This research uses a qualitative approach with a multi-site case study type. While the primary data collection method uses in-depth interviews, and the secondary data uses the Participant Observation and Documentation methods.

Findings - This study reveals the Performance-based strategy used by lecturers in writing: writing simple sentences and compound sentences and writing descriptions of places and things.

Originality/value - The Use of a Performance-based strategy can help the teacher obtain accurate information in determining learning outcomes in learning to write.

Paper type – Research Paper
A Learning Analysis of EFL Students’ Debate Activity by Using British Parliamentary for Enhancing Speaking Ability and Critical Thinking
Authors: Hadi Muhamad Sofian , Izzah Lidiyatul , Maharani Aulia
Published: February 2022

Purpose - This research aims to analyze the speaking ability and critical thinking of the EFL students after conducting activities by using British Parliamentary.

Design/methodology/approach - was descriptive research that explains the debate activity as one option for improving students' speaking ability and their critical thinking by concerning the data in fieldwork. The data was taken by analysis and interview.

Findings/result - The research used a descriptive qualitative research design by collecting the data from the daily test of State Senior High School of 5 Bogor. The sample was thirty-six students and ten students as the sample from the interview activity. The final result that has been found from the research such as, 0 students (0%) scored are between 60-70, 15 students (41.7%) scored between 75-80, and 21 students (58.30%) scored between 85-90.  Therefore, the success of the debate activity is determined by some requirements of the students in the class.

Originality/value - The debate activity by using British parliamentary is one of the best solutions to make the students become more aware of the current issue and be brave to speak of their thought and improve their speaking ability.

Paper type - Research paper
PENGARUH ADITIF EM4 (effective microorganism), AIR TEBU DAN TEPUNG JAGUNG TERHADAP KUALITAS UJI ORGANOLEPTIK SILASE RUMPUT KUMPAI (Hymenachine amplexicaulis)
Authors: Kastalani Kastalani , Kusuma Maria Erviana , Laurena Desty
Published: February 2022

The study aims to determine the effect of various EM4 (effective microorganism) mixtures, sugarcane juices and corn flour on the physical quality of silage of Kumpai Grass (Hymenachine amplexicaulis).  To get the right level of additive mixture to produce good  dilation This research was conducted using a randomized complete design with treatment A (EM3 3%, Sugarcane water 1%, Corn flour 2%), B (EM3 3%, Sugarcane water 2%, Corn flour 3%),  A (EM3 3%, Sugarcane water 3%, Corn flour 6%),   A (EM3 3%, Sugarcane water 4%, Corn flour 8%). The observed variables were physical silage in the form of odor, texture and color.  The result showed that the addition of EM4 (effective microorganism) additives, sugarcane juices and corn flour had no effect on organoleptic testing of silage Kumpai Grass (Hymenachine amplexicaulis).