bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasmodium meets AAV—the (un)likely marriage of parasitology and virology, and how to make the match
Authors: Hentzschel Franziska , Herrmann Anne‐Kathrin , Mueller Ann‐Kristin , Grimm Dirk
Published: April 2016

The increasing use of screening technologies in malaria research has substantially expanded our knowledge on cellular factors hijacked by the Plasmodium parasite in the infected host, including those that participate in the clinically silent liver stage. This rapid gain in our understanding of the hepatic interaction partners now requires a means to validate and further disentangle parasite–host networks in physiologically relevant liver model systems. Here, we outline seminal work that contributed to our present knowledge on the intrahepatic Plasmodium host factors, followed by a discussion of surrogate models of mammalian livers or hepatocytes. We finally describe how Adeno‐associated viruses could be engineered and used as hepatotropic tools to dissect Plasmodium–host interactions, and to deliberately control these networks for antimalaria vaccination or therapy.
Repeated large‐magnitude earthquakes in a tectonically active, low‐strain continental interior: The northern Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Landgraf A. , Dzhumabaeva A. , Abdrakhmatov K. E. , Strecker M. R. , Macaulay E. A. , Arrowsmith JR. , Sudhaus H. , Preusser F. , Rugel G. , Merchel S.
Published: April 2016

The northern Tien Shan of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan has been affected by a series of major earthquakes in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. To assess the significance of such a pulse of strain release in a continental interior, it is important to analyze and quantify strain release over multiple time scales. We have undertaken paleoseismological investigations at two geomorphically distinct sites (Panfilovkoe and Rot Front) near the Kyrgyz capital Bishkek. Although located near the historic epicenters, both sites were not affected by these earthquakes. Trenching was accompanied by dating stratigraphy and offset surfaces using luminescence, radiocarbon, and10Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide methods. At Rot Front, trenching of a small scarp did not reveal evidence for surface rupture during the last 5000 years. The scarp rather resembles an extensive debris‐flow lobe. At Panfilovkoe, we estimate a Late Pleistocene minimum slip rate of 0.2 ± 0.1 mm/a, averaged over at least two, probably three earthquake cycles. Dip‐slip reverse motion along segmented, moderately steep faults resulted in hanging wall collapse scarps during different events. The most recent earthquake occurred around 3.6 ± 1.3 kyr ago (1σ), with dip‐slip offsets between 1.2 and 1.4 m. We calculate a probabilistic paleomagnitude to be between 6.7 and 7.2, which is in agreement with regional data from the Kyrgyz range. The morphotectonic signals in the northern Tien Shan are a prime example of deformation in a tectonically active intracontinental mountain belt and as such can help understand the longer‐term coevolution of topography and seismogenic processes in similar structural settings worldwide.
Ensemble forecasting of short‐term system scale irrigation demands using real‐time flow data and numerical weather predictions
Authors: Perera Kushan C. , Western Andrew W. , Robertson David E. , George Biju , Nawarathna Bandara
Published: April 2016

Irrigation demands fluctuate in response to weather variations and a range of irrigation management decisions, which creates challenges for water supply system operators. This paper develops a method for real‐time ensemble forecasting of irrigation demand and applies it to irrigation command areas of various sizes for lead times of 1 to 5 days. The ensemble forecasts are based on a deterministic time series model coupled with ensemble representations of the various inputs to that model. Forecast inputs include past flow, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration. These inputs are variously derived from flow observations from a modernized irrigation delivery system; short‐term weather forecasts derived from numerical weather prediction models and observed weather data available from automatic weather stations. The predictive performance for the ensemble spread of irrigation demand was quantified using rank histograms, the mean continuous rank probability score (CRPS), the mean CRPS reliability and the temporal mean of the ensemble root mean squared error (MRMSE). The mean forecast was evaluated using root mean squared error (RMSE), Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) and bias. The NSE values for evaluation periods ranged between 0.96 (1 day lead time, whole study area) and 0.42 (5 days lead time, smallest command area). Rank histograms and comparison of MRMSE, mean CRPS, mean CRPS reliability and RMSE indicated that the ensemble spread is generally a reliable representation of the forecast uncertainty for short lead times but underestimates the uncertainty for long lead times.
Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS): Past, current, and future activities
Authors: Proshutinsky A. , Steele M. , Timmermans M.‐L.
Published: April 2016

The overall goal of the Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS) community activities reported in this special issue is to enhance understanding of processes and mechanisms driving Arctic Ocean marine and sea ice changes, and the consequences of those changes especially in biogeochemical and ecosystem studies. Major 2013–2015 FAMOS accomplishments to date are: identification of consistent errors across Arctic regional models; approaches to reduce these errors, and recommendations for the most effective coupled sea ice‐ocean models for use in fully coupled regional and global climate models. 2013–2015 FAMOS coordinated analyses include many process studies, using models together with observations to investigate: dynamics and mechanisms responsible for drift, deformation and thermodynamics of sea ice; pathways and mechanisms driving variability of the Atlantic, Pacific and river waters in the Arctic Ocean; processes of freshwater accumulation and release in the Beaufort Gyre; the fate of melt water from Greenland; characteristics of ocean eddies; biogeochemistry and ecosystem processes and change, climate variability, and predictability. Future FAMOS collaborations will focus on employing models and conducting observations at high and very high spatial and temporal resolution to investigate the role of subgrid‐scale processes in regional Arctic Ocean and coupled ice‐ocean and atmosphere‐ice‐ocean models.
The Effects of Electronic Impurities and Electron–Hole Recombination Dynamics on Large‐Grain Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Photovoltaic Efficiencies
Authors: Blancon Jean‐Christophe , Nie Wanyi , Neukirch Amanda J. , Gupta Gautam , Tretiak Sergei , Cognet Laurent , Mohite Aditya D. , Crochet Jared J.
Published: April 2016

Hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskites have attracted considerable attention after promising developments in energy harvesting and other optoelectronic applications. However, further optimization will require a deeper understanding of the intrinsic photophysics of materials with relevant structural characteristics. Here, the dynamics of photoexcited charge carriers in large‐area grain organic‐inorganic perovskite thin films is investigated via confocal time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. It is found that the bimolecular recombination of free charges is the dominant decay mechanism at excitation densities relevant for photovoltaic applications. Bimolecular coefficients are found to be on the order of 10−9 cm3 s−1, comparable to typical direct‐gap semiconductors, yet significantly smaller than theoretically expected. It is also demonstrated that there is no degradation in carrier transport in these thin films due to electronic impurities. Suppressed electron–hole recombination and transport that is not limited by deep level defects provide a microscopic model for the superior performance of large‐area grain hybrid perovskites for photovoltaic applications.
Construction of 2,3,4,7‐Tetrahydro‐1,2,4,5‐oxatriazepines via [4+3] Cycloadditions of α‐Halogeno Hydrazones with Nitrones
Authors: Zhao Hong‐Wu , Pang Hai‐Liang , Tian Ting , Li Bo , Chen Xiao‐Qin , Song Xiu‐Qing , Meng Wei , Yang Zhao , Liu Yue‐Yang , Zhao Yu‐Di
Published: April 2016

In the presence of sodium carbonate, the [4+3] cycloadditions of α‐halogeno hydrazones with nitrones were performed efficiently, and affording 2,3,4,7‐tetrahydro‐1,2,4,5‐oxatriazepines in moderate to high yields.

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Toward High‐Thermoelectric‐Performance Large‐Size Nanostructured BiSbTe Alloys via Optimization of Sintering‐Temperature Distribution
Authors: Zheng Gang , Su Xianli , Li Xinran , Liang Tao , Xie Hongyao , She Xiaoyu , Yan Yonggao , Uher Ctirad , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Tang Xinfeng
Published: April 2016

High thermoelectric performance of mechanically robust p‐type Bi2Te3‐based materials prepared by melt spinning (MS) combined with plasma‐activated sintering (PAS) method can be obtained with small, laboratory grown samples. However, large‐size samples are required for commercial applications. Here, large‐size p‐type Bi2Te3‐based ingots with 30, 40, and 60 mm in diameter are produced by MS‐PAS, and the influence of temperature distribution during the sintering process on the composition and thermoelectric properties is systematically studied for the first time. Room‐temperature scanning Seebeck Microprobe results show that the large‐size ingot is inhomogeneous, induced by ellipsoidal‐shape‐distributed temperature field during the sintering process, which is verified by finite‐element analysis. Although some temperature differences are unavoidable in the sintering process, homogeneity and mechanical properties of ingots can be improved by appropriately extending the sintering time and design of graphite die. Samples cut from ingots attain the peak ZT value of 1.15 at 373 K, about 17% enhancement over commercial zone‐melted samples. Moreover, the compressive and bending strengths are improved by several times as well. It is important to ascertain that large‐size p‐type Bi2Te3‐based thermoelectric materials with high thermoelectric performance can be fabricated by MS‐PAS.
36th Annual David W. Smith Workshop on Malformations and Morphogenesis: Abstracts of the 2015 annual meeting
Authors: Gripp Karen W. , Adam Margaret P. , Hudgins Louanne , Carey John C.
Published: April 2016

The 36th Annual David W Smith Workshop on Malformations and Morphogenesis was held on August 14–19, 2015 at the Harbourtowne Conference Center in St. Michaels Maryland. The Workshop, which honors the legacy of David W Smith, brought together over 120 clinicians and researchers interested in congenital malformations and their underlying mechanisms of morphogenesis. As is the tradition of the meeting, the Workshop highlighted five themes besides mechanisms of morphogenesis: Rasopathies, Eye Malformations, Therapeutics, Prenatal Diagnosis, and Disorders of Sex Development. This Conference Report includes the abstracts presented at the 2015 Workshop. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lack of mutation–histopathology correlation in a patient with Proteus syndrome
Authors: Doucet Meggie E. , Bloomhardt Hadley M. , Moroz Krzysztof , Lindhurst Marjorie J. , Biesecker Leslie G.
Published: April 2016

Proteus syndrome (PS) is characterized by progressive, disproportionate, segmental overgrowth, and tumor susceptibility caused by a somatic mosaic AKT1 activating mutation. Each individual has unique manifestations making this disorder extremely heterogeneous. We correlated three variables in 38 tissue samples from a patient who died with PS: the gross affection status, the microscopic affection status, and the mutation level. The AKT1 mutation was measured using a PCR‐based RFLP assay. Thirteen samples were grossly normal; six had detectable mutation (2–29%) although four of these six were histopathologically normal. Of the seven grossly normal samples that had no mutation, only four were histologically normal. The mutation level in the grossly abnormal samples was 3–35% and all but the right and left kidneys, skull, and left knee bone, with mutation levels of 19%, 15%, 26%, and 17%, respectively, had abnormal histopathology. The highest mutation level was in a toe bone sample whereas the lowest levels were in the soft tissue surrounding that toe, and an omental fat nodule. We also show here that PS overgrowth can be caused by cellular proliferation or by extracellular matrix expansion. Additionally, papillary thyroid carcinoma was identified, a tumor not previously associated with PS. We conclude that gross pathology and histopathology correlate poorly with mutation levels in PS, that overgrowth can be mediated by cellular proliferation or extracellular matrix expansion, and that papillary thyroid carcinoma is part of the tumor susceptibility of PS. New methods need to be developed to facilitate genotype–phenotype correlation in mosaic disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterogeneous Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Conversions of Benzaldehydes with Aqueous Ammonia to Give Benzonitriles
Authors: Yoon Yousun , Kim Bo Ram , Lee Chang Yeon , Kim Jinho
Published: April 2016

Heterogeneous Cu@C, which is generated by simple pyrolysis of HKUST‐1 (Cu3(BTC)2, BTC=1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate), was used as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the aerobic oxidative conversions of benzaldehydes into benzonitriles. A variety of benzaldehydes underwent a condensation with aqueous ammonia and the subsequent aerobic oxidation to produce benzonitriles in the presence of Cu@C and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (TEMPO). The developed heterogeneous Cu@C catalyst was reusable without the loss of catalytic activity. The aerobic oxidative conversion of benzyl alcohol was also achieved by one‐pot strategy.
Hydrogel‐Assisted Transfer of Graphene Oxides into Nonpolar Organic Media for Oil Decontamination
Authors: Cheng Chongling , Wang Dayang
Published: April 2016

In this work, graphene oxide (GO)‐loaded agarose hydrogel was transferred into oil such as hexadecane via stepwise solvent exchange with no chemical modification of the GO hydrophilic surface and the agarose network. After transfer, the GOs, loaded in the agarose network, could effectively and efficiently adsorb lipophilic dyes in oil via hydrogen bonding between the polar groups of the GOs and the dyes. The maximum adsorption capacity was 355.9 mg g−1 for Nile red for instance, which is substantially larger than that of pristine agarose hydrogel and hydrophilic GO powder. The dye concentration for effective adsorption can be as low as 0.5 ppm. Thus, the present work demonstrates the promising potential of using hydrophilic adsorbents for efficient removal of polar impurities from oil.
Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Carbocyclization of (1,n)‐Diynes and Bromophenols: An Efficient Route to Tricyclic Scaffolds
Authors: Bai Lu , Yuan Yini , Liu Jingjing , Wu Jiaoyu , Han Lingbo , Wang Hui , Wang Yaoyu , Luan Xinjun
Published: April 2016

A novel palladium(0)‐catalyzed dearomative cyclization reaction of bromophenols with (1,n)‐diynes has been developed for building two new types of tricyclic architectures containing a quaternary carbon center. This method employs inexpensive bromophenols, and easily accessible tethered diynes. It exhibits a broad substrate scope and tolerates various functional groups. Preliminary results with commercially available chiral ligands indicate that enantioselective variants are feasible for both cyclization processes.
Singlet Oxygen Formation during the Charging Process of an Aprotic Lithium–Oxygen Battery
Authors: Wandt Johannes , Jakes Peter , Granwehr Josef , Gasteiger Hubert A. , Eichel Rüdiger‐A.
Published: April 2016

Aprotic lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their outstanding theoretical energy density. A major challenge is their poor reversibility caused by degradation reactions, which mainly occur during battery charge and are still poorly understood. Herein, we show that singlet oxygen (1Δg) is formed upon Li2O2 oxidation at potentials above 3.5 V. Singlet oxygen was detected through a reaction with a spin trap to form a stable radical that was observed by time‐ and voltage‐resolved in operando EPR spectroscopy in a purpose‐built spectroelectrochemical cell. According to our estimate, a lower limit of approximately 0.5 % of the evolved oxygen is singlet oxygen. The occurrence of highly reactive singlet oxygen might be the long‐overlooked missing link in the understanding of the electrolyte degradation and carbon corrosion reactions that occur during the charging of Li–O2 cells.
Extraction of Silver by Glucose
Authors: Baksi Ananya , Gandi Mounika , Chaudhari Swathi , Bag Soumabha , Gupta Soujit Sen , Pradeep Thalappil
Published: April 2016

Unprecedented silver ion leaching, in the range of 0.7 ppm was seen when metallic silver was heated in water at 70 °C in presence of simple carbohydrates, such as glucose, making it a green method of silver extraction. Extraction was facilitated by the presence of anions, such as carbonate and phosphate. Studies confirm a two‐step mechanism of silver release, first forming silver ions at the metal surface and later complexation of ionic silver with glucose; such complexes have been detected by mass spectrometry. Extraction leads to microscopic roughening of the surface making it Raman active with an enhancement factor of 5×108.
Unusually Stable Triazine‐based Organic Superstructures
Authors: Jung Sun‐Min , Kim Dongwook , Shin Dongbin , Mahmood Javeed , Park Noejung , Lah Myoung Soo , Jeong Hu Young , Baek Jong‐Beom
Published: April 2016

Solid‐state reactions have been rapidly gaining popularity in organic chemistry owing to their simplicity, efficiency, and selectivity compared to liquid‐phase reactions. Herein, we describe the formation of superstructures through the solid‐state reaction of an organic single‐crystal. The superstructure of 5,5′,5′′‐(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)triisophthalonitrile (TIPN) can be formed by cyclotrimerization of 1,3,5‐tricyanobenzene (TCB) single crystals. The TIPN superstructure was confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction and visualized by transmission electron microscopy. The superstructure has hexagonally packed 1‐dimensional (1D) channels along the crystal axis. Furthermore, the superstructure arises from interdigitated nitrile interactions in the crystal lattice, and thus has electron‐beam tolerance and very high thermal stability.
Inter‐rater reliability calibration program: critical components for competency‐based education
Authors: Gunnell K L , Fowler D. , Colaizzi K.
Published: April 2016

Measurement accuracy and reliability are important components of competency‐based education (CBE). The ability to reliably assess student performance consistently over a period of time is crucial in these programs. For CBE programs which require multiple faculty or rater evaluations due to large student enrollments, it is expected that the faculty or raters score the student responses similarly. The reliability of ratings is critical for CBE programs because the integrity of the program rests on students demonstrating the specific competencies within the curriculum. Due to Western Governors University (WGU) large student enrollments, it employs several hundred evaluators to rate students performance assessments. WGU developed a program to assist their Evaluation Department in training their evaluators to score students assessments similarly. By using this program, WGU is able to maintain high inter‐rater reliability rates within their evaluators and they are able to calibrate the ratings of their evaluators to ensure equitable and impartial ratings of assessments. This calibration has been very successful for new evaluator training and the retraining of current evaluators. WGU will continue to use this program in order to review and rate their assessments in an organized and systematic manner.
Chemical Protein Ubiquitylation with Preservation of the Native Cysteine Residues
Authors: Yang Kun , Li Guorui , Gong Ping , Gui Weijun , Yuan Libo , Zhuang Zhihao
Published: April 2016

We report a cysteine‐based ligation strategy for generating a monoubiquitylated protein while preserving the native cysteine residues on the acceptor protein. In monoubiquitylation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) this method circumvents the need to mutate the native cysteine residues on PCNA. The chemically ubiquitylated PCNA contains a noncleavable linkage of the same length as the native isopeptide linkage. It also retains the normal function of the native Ub‐PCNA in stimulating the ATPase activity of replication factor C (RFC) and lesion bypass synthesis by Polη. This method may be adapted for chemical ubiquitylation of other proteins and for site‐specific modification of a target protein at a specific site through sulfhydryl chemistry.
Recovery and Separation of Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Solvent‐Impregnated Resins
Authors: Bao Shenxu , Tang Yongping , Zhang Yimin , Liang Liang
Published: April 2016

The recovery and separation of metals from aqueous solutions is one of the research hotspots in hydrometallurgy, environment protection, analytical chemistry, etc. Much attention has been paid to solvent‐impregnated resins (SIRs) since these were firstly proposed for the extraction of metals. SIRs are characterized by high efficiency and selectivity, convenient preparation, and easy operation because they combine the unique advantages of solvent extraction and ion exchange. The preparation and features of SIRs are summarized and their applications in the extraction of various metals from solutions are reviewed. In addition, the equilibrium, thermodynamics, and sorption kinetics of the metals onto SIRs are elucidated in detail.
Exploiting Hydrocarbon‐Degrading Indigenous Bacteria for Bioremediation and Phytoremediation of a Multicontaminated Soil
Authors: Franchi Elisabetta , Agazzi Gloria , Rolli Eleonora , Borin Sara , Marasco Ramona , Chiaberge Stefano , Conte Alessandro , Filtri Paolo , Pedron Francesca , Rosellini Irene , Barbafieri Meri , Petruzzelli Gianniantonio
Published: April 2016

Plant‐based technologies are suited to remove low to moderate contamination. Plants can take up heavy metal ions but are often sensitive to organic contaminants and grow slowly with only a slight remediation effect. Multiple approaches can be useful to accelerate remediation. The combined action of hydrocarbon‐degrading and plant growth‐promoting indigenous bacteria can enhance phytoremediation. A three‐step approach (landfarming, bioaugmentation, phytoremediation) was applied to a disused industrial area contaminated by nitrogen‐containing compounds, alkylaromatic hydrocarbons, copper, and nickel. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry led to the speciation of organic compounds. This technique confirmed the effectiveness of alkylaromatic hydrocarbon remediation.
From Binuclear Complexes to Molecular Necklaces: Incorporating Flexible Ligands into Rotaxanes
Authors: Viljoen Elizabeth , Zhu Kelong , Loeb Stephen J.
Published: April 2016

The conversion of binuclear complexes into larger molecular necklaces can be achieved through rigidifying flexible ligands by threading them through a crown ether to form either an interpenetrated [2]pseudorotaxane or a permanently interlocked [2]rotaxane. The resulting complexes and assemblies are characterized by 1H and DOSY NMR in solution and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction in the solid‐state.
Chemical Functionalisation and Photoluminescence of Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Sekiya Ryo , Uemura Yuichiro , Naito Hiroyoshi , Naka Kensuke , Haino Takeharu
Published: April 2016

Chemical modification of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can influence their physical and chemical properties; hence, the investigation of the effect of organic functional groups on GQDs is of importance for developing GQD–organic hybrid materials. Three peripherally functionalised GQDs having a third‐generation dendritic wedge (GQD‐2), long alkyl chains (GQD‐3) and a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane group (GQD‐4) were prepared by the CuI‐catalysed Huisgen cycloaddition reaction of GQD‐1 with organic azides. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that reduction occurred on the surfaces of GQD‐1–4 and on the five‐membered imide rings at the periphery, and this suggested that the functional groups distort the periphery by steric interactions between neighbouring functional groups. The HOMO–LUMO bandgaps of GQD‐1–4 were estimated to be approximately 2 eV, and their low‐lying LUMO levels (<−3.9 eV) were lower than that of phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester, an n‐type organic semiconductor. The solubility of GQD‐1–4 in organic solvents depends on the functional groups present. The functional groups likely cover the surfaces and periphery of the GQDs, and thus increase their affinity for solvent and avoid precipitation. Similar to GQD‐2, both GQD‐3 and GQD‐4 emitted white light upon excitation at 360 nm. Size‐exclusion chromatography demonstrated that white‐light emission originates from the coexistence of differently sized GQDs that have different photoluminescence emission wavelengths.
Tuning the Protein‐Induced Absorption Shifts of Retinal in Engineered Rhodopsin Mimics
Authors: Suomivuori Carl‐Mikael , Lang Lucas , Sundholm Dage , Gamiz‐Hernandez Ana P. , Kaila Ville R. I.
Published: April 2016

Rational design of light‐capturing properties requires understanding the molecular and electronic structure of chromophores in their native chemical or biological environment. We employ here large‐scale quantum chemical calculations to study the light‐capturing properties of retinal in recently designed human cellular retinol binding protein II (hCRBPII) variants (Wang et al. Science, 2012, 338, 1340–1343). Our calculations show that these proteins absorb across a large part of the visible spectrum by combined polarization and electrostatic effects. These effects stabilize the ground or excited state energy levels of the retinal by perturbing the Schiff‐base or β‐ionone moieties of the chromophore, which in turn modulates the amount of charge transfer within the molecule. Based on the predicted tuning principles, we design putative in silico mutations that further shift the absorption properties of retinal in hCRBPII towards the ultraviolet and infrared regions of the spectrum.
Control over the Self‐Assembly Modes of PtII Complexes by Alkyl Chain Variation: From Slipped to Parallel π‐Stacks
Authors: Allampally Naveen Kumar , Mayoral María José , Chansai Sarayute , Lagunas María Cristina , Hardacre Christopher , Stepanenko Vladimir , Albuquerque Rodrigo Q. , Fernández Gustavo
Published: April 2016

We report the self‐assembly of a new family of hydrophobic, bis(pyridyl) PtII complexes featuring an extended oligophenyleneethynylene‐derived π‐surface appended with six long (dodecyloxy (2)) or short (methoxy (3)) side groups. Complex 2, containing dodecyloxy chains, forms fibrous assemblies with a slipped arrangement of the monomer units (dPt⋅⋅⋅Pt≈14 Å) in both nonpolar solvents and the solid state. Dispersion‐corrected PM6 calculations suggest that this organization is driven by cooperative π–π, C−H⋅⋅⋅Cl and π–Pt interactions, which is supported by EXAFS and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. In contrast, nearly parallel π‐stacks (dPt⋅⋅⋅Pt≈4.4 Å) stabilized by multiple π–π and C−H⋅⋅⋅Cl contacts are obtained in the crystalline state for 3 lacking long side chains, as shown by X‐ray analysis and PM6 calculations. Our results reveal not only the key role of alkyl chain length in controlling self‐assembly modes but also show the relevance of Pt‐bound chlorine ligands as new supramolecular synthons.
Weak Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds with Fluorine: Detection and Implications for Enzymatic/Chemical Reactions, Chemical Properties, and Ligand/Protein Fluorine NMR Screening
Authors: Dalvit Claudio , Vulpetti Anna
Published: April 2016

It is known that strong hydrogen‐bonding interactions play an important role in many chemical and biological systems. However, weak or very weak hydrogen bonds, which are often difficult to detect and characterize, may also be relevant in many recognition and reaction processes. Fluorine serving as a hydrogen‐bond acceptor has been the subject of many controversial discussions and there are different opinions about it. It now appears that there is compelling experimental evidence for the involvement of fluorine in weak intramolecular or intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Using established NMR methods, we have previously characterized and measured the strengths of intermolecular hydrogen‐bond complexes involving the fluorine moieties CH2F, CHF2, and CF3, and have compared them with the well‐known hydrogen‐bond complex formed between acetophenone and the strong hydrogen‐bond donor p‐fluorophenol. We now report evidence for the formation of hydrogen bonds involving fluorine with significantly weaker donors, namely 5‐fluoroindole and water. A simple NMR method is proposed for the simultaneous measurement of the strengths of hydrogen bonds between an acceptor and a donor or water. Important implications of these results for enzymatic/chemical reactions involving fluorine, for chemical and physical properties, and for ligand/protein 19F NMR screening are analyzed through experiments and theoretical simulations.
Pyrene‐Bridged Boron Subphthalocyanine Dimers: Combination of Planar and Bowl‐Shaped π‐Conjugated Systems for Creating Uniquely Curved π‐Conjugated Systems
Authors: Nakano Shota , Kage Yuto , Furuta Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Nagao , Shimizu Soji
Published: April 2016

Pyrene‐bridged boron subphthalocyanine dimers were synthesized from a mixed‐condensation reaction of 2,7‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4,5,9,10‐tetracyanopyrene and tetrafluorophthalonitrile, and their syn and anti isomers arising from the result of connecting two bowl‐shaped boron subphthalocyanine molecules were successfully separated. Expansion of the conjugated system of boron subphthalocyanine through a pyrene bridge caused a redshift of the Q band absorption relative to the parent pyrene‐fused monomer, whereas combining the curved π‐conjugation of boron subphthalocyanine with the planar π‐conjugation of pyrene enabled facile embracement of C60 molecules, owing to the enhanced concave–convex π–π stacking interactions.
Efficient Preparation of TMSCCl2Br and Its Use in Dichlorocyclopropanation of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes
Authors: Lee Darren S. , Durán‐Peña María Jesús , Burroughs Laurence , Woodward Simon
Published: April 2016

The reaction of excess TMSCl and LiCCl2Br at low temperature is a technically simple high yield route to TMSCCl2Br. The latter is a stable source of the dichlorobromomethide carbanion, which undergoes 1,4‐addition with cyclic nitroalkenes and (E)‐fumarates leading to dichlorocyclopropanes after bromide expulsion. For nitrostyrenes the reaction arrests at the 1,4‐addition product. Low temperature NMR spectroscopy studies and DFT calculations suggest the formation of an “ate” species [(nitronate)SiFMe3]− which, upon boil‐off of TMSF at 10–20 °C, yields the cyclopropane. DFT calculations also support the experimental differences between fluoride and acetate as promotors.
Ion‐Pairing Assemblies Based on Pentacyano‐Substituted Cyclopentadienide as a π‐Electronic Anion
Authors: Bando Yuya , Haketa Yohei , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Matsuda Wakana , Seki Shu , Takaya Hikaru , Maeda Hiromitsu
Published: April 2016

Pentacyanocyclopentadienide (PCCp−), a stable π‐electronic anion, provided various ion‐pairing assemblies in combination with various cations. PCCp−‐based assemblies exist as single crystals and mesophases owing to interionic interactions with π‐electronic and aliphatic cations with a variety of geometries, substituents, and electronic structures. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed that PCCp− formed cation‐dependent arrangements with contributions from charge‐by‐charge and charge‐segregated assembly modes for ion pairs with π‐electronic and aliphatic cations, respectively. Furthermore, some aliphatic cations gave dimension‐controlled organized structures with PCCp−, as observed in the mesophases, for which synchrotron XRD analysis suggested the formation of charge‐segregated modes. Noncontact evaluation of conductivity for (C12H25)3MeN+⋅PCCp− films revealed potential hole‐transporting properties, yielding a local‐scale hole mobility of 0.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 at semiconductor–insulator interfaces.
Ionic Polymer Microspheres Bearing a CoIII–Salen Moiety as a Bifunctional Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Efficient Cycloaddition of CO2 and Epoxides
Authors: Leng Yan , Lu Dan , Zhang Chenjun , Jiang Pingping , Zhang Weijie , Wang Jun
Published: April 2016

We report a unique strategy to obtain the bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst TBB‐Bpy@Salen‐Co (TBB=1,2,4,5‐tetrakis(bromomethyl)benzene, Bpy=4,4’‐bipyridine, Salen‐Co=N,N’‐bis({4‐dimethylamino}salicylidene)ethylenediamino cobalt(III) acetate) by combining a cross‐linked ionic polymer with a CoIII–salen Schiff base. The catalyst showed extra high activity for CO2 fixation under mild, solvent‐free reaction conditions with no requirement for a co‐catalyst. The synthesized catalyst possessed distinctive spherical structural features, abundant halogen Br− anions with good leaving group ability, and accessible Lewis acidic Co metal centers. These unique features, together with the synergistic role of the Co and Br− functional sites, allowed TBB‐Bpy@Salen‐Co to exhibit enhanced catalytic conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates relative to the corresponding monofunctional analogues. This catalyst can be easily recovered and recycled five times without significant leaching of Co or loss of activity. Moreover, based on our experimental results and previous work, a synergistic cycloaddition reaction mechanism was proposed.
Anisotropic Dissociation of π–π Stacking and Flipping‐Motion‐Induced Crystal Jumping in Alkylacridones and Their Dicyanomethylene Derivatives
Authors: Takeda Takashi , Akutagawa Tomoyuki
Published: April 2016

Ethylacridone (1 b) and dicyanomethylenated acridones 2 a,b,d showed crystal‐jumping activity upon heating. This is the first example of thermosalient behavior in a simple aromatic ketone and its derivatives. A systematic investigation of the jumping behavior of derivatives with different alkyl chains by variable‐temperature X‐ray crystal‐structure analyses revealed the mechanism of this phenomenon. Anisotropic dissociation of π stacking in a dimer was important for inducing crystal jumping in 1 b, whereas the collective fluctuation/flipping motion of a dicyanomethylene unit induced crystal jumping in 2.
Efficient Synthesis of Dimeric Oxazoles, Piperidines and Tetrahydroisoquinolines from N‐Substituted 2‐Oxazolones
Authors: He Yun , Agarwal Piyush K. , Kiran I. N. Chaithanya , Yu Ruocheng , Cao Bei , Zou Cheng , Zhou Xinghua , Xu Huacheng , Xu Biao , Zhu Lei , Lan Yu , Nicolaou K. C.
Published: April 2016

A mild and practical method for the construction of heterocycles from N‐substituted 2‐oxazolones through cascade, BF3⋅Et2O/H2O‐catalyzed reactions involving iminium ion generation and trapping by external or internal olefinic and aryl moieties is described. Mechanistic and computational studies revealed the strong protic acid HBF4 as the initiating catalyst for these cascade reactions. Providing access to novel molecular diversity, these processes may facilitate chemical biology studies, drug discovery efforts and natural products synthesis.
Synthesis of (E)‐4‐Bromo‐3‐methoxybut‐3‐en‐2‐one, the Key Fragment in the Polyhydroxylated Chain Common to Oscillariolide and Phormidolides A–C
Authors: Gil Alejandro , Lamariano‐Merketegi Janire , Lorente Adriana , Albericio Fernando , Álvarez Mercedes
Published: April 2016

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Mercedes Álvarez at the University of Barcelona. The image depicts the Álvarez group′s effort to successfully “fish” an efficient strategy for the synthesis of the bromomethoxydiene (BMD) moiety present in marine natural products such as phormidolides and oscillariolides. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201600770.
ChemInform Abstract: THE MIXTURE NICKEL‐ZINC‐GERMANIUM (NIZNMGEM′)
Authors: SARAH N. , RAJASEKHARAN T. , SCHUBERT K.
Published: April 2016

Zulegieren von Ge führt zu einer Ausweitung des Stabilitätsbereichs von NiZn.h(CsCl‐Typ) in Richtung tieferer Temp., da das Ge Valenzelektronen liefert, die sonst durch erhöhte Temp. aus den Ni‐Atomen angeregt werden müssen.
ChemInform Abstract: EQUILIBRIUM MEASUREMENTS WITH THE SYSTEMS PDX2(L) + AL2X6(G) = PDAL2X8(G); (X = CL, BR, I)
Authors: MERKER H.‐B. , SCHAEFER H. +
Published: April 2016

mit Hilfe einer einfachen Mitführungsanordnung führen für X: I im Gegensatz zu den mit X: Br und Cl gewonnenen Daten zu weniger genauen, orientierenden Werten.
ChemInform Abstract: PHASE EQUILIBRIUMS AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE LITHIUM‐NITROGEN‐CHLORINE, LITHIUM‐NITROGEN‐BROMINE AND LITHIUM‐NITROGEN‐IODINE SYSTEMS
Authors: HARTWIG P. , RABENAU A. , WEPPNER W.
Published: April 2016

Im Hinblick auf mögliche Anwen ungen von Verbindungen in den Titelsystemen als reine Ionenleiter werden die Zus andsdiagramme der quasi‐binären Systeme Li3N‐LiX (X:Cl, Br, I) sowie die Gibbss en Phasendreiecke der ternären Systeme Li‐N‐Xmitgeteilt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PRESSURE OF IRIDIUM OXIDES OVER IRIDIUM AT HIGH TEMPERATURES IN 1 ATM OF DRY OXYGEN
Authors: CHANDRASEKHARAIAH M. S. , KARKHANAVALA M. D. , TRIPATHI,S. N. TRIPATHI,S. N.
Published: April 2016

Wie Untersuchungen der Verdampfung von Ir in trockenem O2 bei 1 at zwischen 1435 und 1628 K mit Hilfe der Transpirationsmethode zeigen, wird der Ir‐Transport oberhalb 1500 K durch die heterogenen Reaktionen A und B bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE OXIDATION OF IRON(II) ION DURING THE FORMATION OF FE3O4 AND α‐FEO(OH) BY AIR OXIDATION OF FE(OH)2 SUSPENSIONS
Authors: TAMAURA Y. , BUDUAN P. V. , KATSURA T.
Published: April 2016

Die Lufto idation von Fe(OH)2‐Suspensionen bei pH ll und 65°C läuft bei geringer SOäTKo entration (0.03 mol dm ′3) in 3 Stufen ab: 1. Bildung von Fe(III)‐oxiden und langsa ere Bildung von Fe3O4, 2. schnelle Bildung von Fe3O4 und 3. lineare Bildung von F 304. Bei hoher SOEf‐Konzentration (0.6 mol dm") erfolgt neben der Bildung von α‐ eO(OH) langsame Bildung von amorphem γ‐FeO(OH).
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS OF THE OXIDATION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BY BIS(2,2′‐BIPYRIDINE)SILVER(II) IONS
Authors: HEYWARD M. P. , WELLS C. F.
Published: April 2016

Die Stöchiometrie der Reaktion zwischen H2O2 und [Ag(bipy)2]2 (bipy: 2,2′‐Bipyridin) entspricht der in Reaktion A. Als reaktive Ag(II)‐Hauptspezies wird das mit [Ag(bipy)2]" im Gleichgewicht stehende [Ag(bipy)]" ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: CONFORMATIONAL STUDIES OF DIHYDROTETRAPHENYLMETHANES. I. X‐RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND SOLUTION HYDROGEN‐1 NMR STUDIES OF TRANS‐1,4‐DIHYDRO‐4‐TRITYLBIPHENYL AND ITS 4′‐BROMO DERIVATIVES: BOAT‐BOAT INVERSION IN A CONGESTED CYCLOHEXA‐1,4‐DIENE
Authors: CHEETHAM A. K. , GROSSEL M. C. , NEWSAM J. M.
Published: April 2016

Im Gegensatz zum Bromderivat der Titelverbindung, das in zwei kristallinen Modifikationen auftritt, RG: Pnam, Z=4 bzw. RG: Pc, Z=2, bildet die bromfreie Titelverbindung nur orthorhombische Kristalle (RG: Pnam, Z=4) (niedrige A. K.; GROSSEL, M. C.; NEWSAM, J. M.; J. Am.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF BICYCLO(3.1.0)HEXANE DERIVATIVES. PART XII. OPTICALLY ACTIVE 6,6‐DIMETHYLBICYCLO(3.1.0)HEXAN‐2‐OLS
Authors: WALKOWICZ M. , LOCHYNSKI S. , WALKOWICZ C.
Published: April 2016

Aus (+)‐3‐Caren (I) wird über den Aldehyd (II) unter Erhaltung der Konfiguration an den Brückenkopf‐C‐Atomen das Bicyclohexen (III) dargestellt, dessen Hydrierung zu einem Gemisch (96 :4) der Cyclohexane (IVa) und (IVb) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE DETERMINATION OF ENANTIOMERIC COMPOSITION AND ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION OF AMINES, ALCOHOLS, AND THIOLS WITH α‐(1‐(9‐ANTHRYL)‐2,2,2‐TRIFLUOROETHOXY)ACETIC ACID AS A CHIRAL DERIVATIZING AGENT
Authors: PIRKLE W. H. , SIMMONS K. A.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Alkohol (I) wird auf dem angegebenen Weg die Carbonsäure (II) hergestellt; analog werden aus den Enantiomeren von (I) die Enantiomeren von (II) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: PROTON‐TRANSFER REACTIONS. I. PARTITIONING OF CARBANION INTERMEDIATES GENERATED BY REACTIONS OF ALKENES WITH ALKOXIDE IONS IN ALCOHOL
Authors: KOCH H. F. , KOCH J. G. , DONOVAN D. B. , TOCZKO A. G. , KIELBANIA A. J. JUN.
Published: April 2016

Nucleophile Reaktionen der Alkene (I) mit Na‐ethanolat/Ethanol führt zu Ethergemischen, die in den Fällen a und b vorwiegend die Vinylether (II) neben den gesättigten Ethem (III) enthalten, im Fall c jedoch nahezu quantitativ aus dem Allylether (IV) bestehen.
ChemInform Abstract: GLYCOL‐CLEAVAGE REAGENTS ALSO ACT ON STANNYLENE DERIVATIVES
Authors: DAVID S. , THIEFFRY A.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Phosphoniumsalz (I) erhält man nach Wittig mit dem Aldehyd (II) das Olefin (III) das mit N‐Methyl‐morpholin‐N‐oxid und Osmiumtetroxid zu (IV) hydroxyliert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: OXYGENATION OF 3‐HYDROXYFLAVONES BY SUPEROXIDE ANION
Authors: EL‐SUKKARY M. M. A. , SPEIER G.
Published: April 2016

Die 3‐Hydroxy‐flavone (I) reagieren mit Kaliumsuperoxid in Gegenwart von [18]Krone‐6 unter Ringspaltung zu den Ketocarbonsäuren (II); ein Zusatz von Kupfer(II)‐acetylacetonat erhöht dabei die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOREARRANGEMENT OF 5,6‐DICHLORO‐1,4‐DIHYDRO‐1,4‐DIMETHYLPYRAZINE‐2,3‐DIONE AND ITS FURTHER REACTIONS
Authors: WAMHOFF H. , KLEIMANN W.
Published: April 2016

Das in mäßiger Ausbeute aus der Verbindung (I) zugängliche Dichlorid (II) ergibt bei der Photolyse unter Umlagerung das Imidazolidindion (III), das beim Erwärmen wieder in (II) übergeht.
ChemInform Abstract: A POLYMER‐SUPPORTED DICHLORO(CYCLOPENTADIENYL)RHODIUM(III) CATALYST
Authors: TUNG H.‐S. , BRUBAKER C. H. JUN.
Published: April 2016

In einer langsamen Reaktion entsteht aus dem an ein Polystyrolharz gebundenen Phenylcyclopentadien (I) mit Rhodiumtrichlorid der Katalysator (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ELECTROPHILIC ALLYL DICHLORIDES
Authors: COURTHEYN D. , VERHE R. , DE KIMPE N. , DE BUYCK L. , SCHAMP N.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Dichloraldehyden (I) entstehen mit den Phosphonsäureestern (II) in Gegenwart von NaH die Olefine (III), analog erhält man aus den 1,3‐Diketonen (IV) mit (I) unter Eliminierung eines Acylrestes die ungesättigten Ketone (Va) oder (Vb) in unterschiedlichen Anteilen je nach Art der Substituenten.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF 2‐BUTENYL KETONES AND OF 2‐BUTENESULFONIC ACID
Authors: GRIGNON‐DUBOIS M. , DUNOGUES J. , CALAS R.
Published: April 2016

Die isomeren 1‐Methyl‐2‐trimethylsilyl‐cyclopropane (I) reagieren mit Säurechloriden (II) unter Friedel‐Crafts‐Bedingungen zu den ungesättigten Ketonen (III) unter weitgehendem Erhalt der Stereochemie von (I).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF IMINO GROUP REDUCTION. 2. SYNTHESIS AND ASSIGNMENT OF CONFIGURATION OF SOME N‐(1‐PHENYLETHYL)‐1,2‐DIARYL‐2‐AMINOETHANOLS
Authors: ALCAIDE B. , DE LA PRADILLA R. F. , LOPEZ‐MARDOMINGO C. , PEREZ‐OSSORIO R. , PLUMET J.
Published: April 2016

Lithiumalanat reduziert die Acylimine (I) zu den Aminoalkoholen (II), die auch aus (I) über die Keto‐amine (III) erhalten werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIDINIUM CHLOROCHROMATE RELEASES QUINONES FROM HYDROQUINONE SILYL ETHERS
Authors: WILLIS J. P. , GOGINS K. A. Z. , MILLER L. L.
Published: April 2016

Hydrochinon‐bis‐silylether (I) werden durch Pyridiniumchlorchromat (PCC) in hohen Ausbeuten zu den entsprechenden Chinonen gespalten und oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3,5‐TRISUBSTITUTED BENZENES. I. SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF 3,5‐DIBROMOPHENYLLITHIUM
Authors: CHEN L. S. , CHEN G. J. , TAMBORSKI C.
Published: April 2016

1,3,5‐Tribromobenzol (I) reagiert mit n‐Butyllithium (II) bei tiefen Temperaturen zu 3,5‐Dibromophenyllithium (III), dessen Hydrolyseprodukt (IV) in hoher Ausbeute isoliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL ANTITHYROID AGENTS. III: N‐ARYLFORMAMIDINO‐N‐ARYLTHIOCARBAMIDES
Authors: UPADHYAYA J. S. , SRIVASTAVA P. K.
Published: April 2016

Die substituierten Formamidinothioharnstoffe (IV), die nach dem angegebenen Schema hergestellt werden, weisen antithyroide Aktivität auf.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF 1‐HALO‐3‐METHYL‐2,3‐EPOXYBUTANE WITH ALCOHOLS
Authors: GEVORKYAN A. A. , KAZARYAN P. I. , AVAKYAN S. V. , PANOSYAN G. A.
Published: April 2016

Die Halogenmethylepoxide (I) reagieren in Gegenwart von Natriumalkoholat mit Alkoholen (II) zu den Epoxid‐ethern (III).
ChemInform Abstract: FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 4‐ALKYLIDENEBUT‐2‐ENOLIDES BY DOUBLE DEHYDROCHLORINATION OF 2,2‐DICHLORO‐4‐ALKYLBUTANOLIDES
Authors: NAKANO T. , NAGAI Y.
Published: April 2016

Die Olefine (I) reagieren mit (II) zu den Dichlorlactonen (III), deren Dehydrochlorierung zu den Alkylidenbutenoliden (IV) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF GEMINAL 3,3‐DITHIENYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: KLEEMANN A. , HEESE J. , ENGEL J.
Published: April 2016

Es wird eine neue Synthese für die zerebroaktive Verbindung (Va), Tinofedrin, und verwandte Verbindungen beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC INTRAMOLECULAR ADDITION OF α‐LITHIO SULFOXIDES OR SULFONES TO INACTIVATED DOUBLE BONDS
Authors: CERE V. , PAOLUCCI C. , POLLICINO S. , SANDRI E. , FAVA A.
Published: April 2016

In einer trans‐annularen Addition entsteht aus dem Sulfoxid (I) das bicyclische Sulfoxid (II), das zur Verbindung (III) isomerisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF OLIVANIC ACIDS WITH HYPOBROMOUS ACID: THE PREPARATION AND USE OF A VERSATILE INTERMEDIATE, THE C‐3 THIOL
Authors: CORBETT D. F.
Published: April 2016

Die Thioether (I) werden mit unterbromiger Säure zu den Mercaptoverbindungen (III) gespalten, die ohne Isolierung mit Propiolsäureethylester (IV) die Addukte (V) ergeben; als Nebenprodukt entsteht dabei aus (IIIb) der Heterocyclus (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME NEW 3,5‐DIMETHYL‐4‐PHENYLAZO‐N′‐THIOCARBAMOYLPYRAZOLES
Authors: JAIN R. , TYAGI S. , AGRAWAL S.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion von Pentantrion‐3‐hydrazon (I) mit verschiedenen Semicarbaziden (II) liefert die Pyrazole (III), die auf hypoglykämische Aktivität untersucht werden sollen.
ChemInform Abstract: CHALCONE OXIMES. PART V. REACTION OF HYDROXYLAMINE WITH 4‐SUBSTITUTED 2′‐HYDROXYCHALCONES
Authors: WITCZAK Z. , KROLIKOWSKA M.
Published: April 2016

Die Chalkone (Ia) reagieren mit Hydroxylamin in Pyridin enthaltender Lösung unter Bildung der Oxime (II)‐(IV), wobei sich das Produktverhältnis in dem ‐Me) und Hydroxylamin ausschließlich das Flavonoxim (IV) (Z = ‐Me; Ausb. 86%), aus (Ic) dagegen (IIc) (44%) und aus (Ib) das Isoxazolin (V), während (VII) nicht analog aus (Ic), sondern über das Oxim (VI) dargestellt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE OF NEPETALIC ACID IN THE SOLID STATE AND IN SOLUTION BY X‐RAY DIFFRACTION AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANALYSIS
Authors: EISENBRAUN E. J. , BROWNE C. E. , ELIEL E. L. , HARRIS D. L. , RAHMAN A. , VAN DER HELM D.
Published: April 2016

Die Struktur von Nepetalinsäure ( I) im festen Zustand wird über Röntgen‐Spektren ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSATION OF β‐CYCLOCITRAL WITH BENZALDEHYDE
Authors: FRANK A. W.
Published: April 2016

Im Gemisch aus α‐ und β‐Cyclocitral (I) ä (II) erhält man in Gegenwart von Basen fast ausschließlich das β‐Isomere.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN THE SYNTHESIS OF FUROCHROMONES. PART VI
Authors: PATOLIA R. J. , SANGHVI K. P. , TRIVEDI K. N.
Published: April 2016

Das Tetrahydroxanthon (I) liefert nach Acetylierung und Bromierung der Allylgruppe das Dibrompropylxanthon (II), das unter basischen Bedingungen zum Furoxanthon (III) cyclisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AMINO‐ AND DIALKYLAMINOALKYLAMIDE DERIVATIVES OF 3‐CARBOXY‐4‐PHENYLISOQUINOLINE. PART I
Authors: DURO F. , SANTAGATI N. A. , VITTORIO F.
Published: April 2016

Das Isocumarin (I) reagiert mit Ammoniak zum Isochinolin (II) das verestert und zum Chlor‐iso chinolin (V) umgesetzt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CONDENSATION OF 1‐CHLORO‐3,4‐DIHYDRO‐4‐OXOPYRIDAZINO(4,5‐B)INDOLES WITH 2‐AMINOTHIAZOLES AND HYDRAZINE
Authors: HIREMATH S. P. , THAKAR S. B. , PUROHIT M. G.
Published: April 2016

Der Indolaldehyd (I) cyclisiert mit Hydrazin zum Pyridazinoindol (II), dessen Umsetzung mit Phosphorchloriden das 1‐Chlorpyri‐ dazinoindol (III) ergibt.