bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Triple‐Integrated 3D‐Printed Composite Scaffold of High‐Activity Peptide‐Metal Ion‐Bone Cement Facilitates Osteo‐Vascular Regenerative Repair of Diabetic Bone Defects
Authors: Wang Junwu , Xia Yuhao , Hao Zhuowen , Shi Guang , Zhang Qi , Wang Chenglong , Zhu Mengyue , Huang Yilong , Guo Lanhong , Luan Tian , Zhu Tonghe , Dai Honglian , Li Jingfeng
Published: January 2025

Hyperglycemia and its induced oxidative stress microenvironment present formidable challenges to the repair of diabetic bone defects. Herein, a novel TZGP (α‐TCP/ZnO/GM@P2) composite scaffold for diabetic bone defect repair is developed. Characterization results demonstrate that the α‐TCP cement scaffold, ZnO nanoparticles, and gelatin microspheres loaded with and protecting P2 (a novel parathyroid hormone‐related peptide) achieve complementary advantages. The TZGP scaffold, while meeting the mechanical strength requirements of cancellous bone, compensates for the deficiency of bioactive peptides in inorganic scaffolds. Its biocompatibility is enhanced, and the scaffold is endowed with antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The in vitro and in vivo results reveal that the TZGP scaffold releases active factors P2 and Zn2+, promotes cell proliferation and recruitment in a high‐glucose microenvironment, reduces cellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, improves DNA injury and mitochondrial homeostasis, and induces osteogenic‐angiogenic differentiation. Compared with the conventional α‐TCP scaffold, the TZGP scaffold exhibits more excellent biodegradability, accelerates local tissue filling, and promotes bone accumulation and vascular reconstruction in diabetic bone defects. Consequently, the novel design strategy of the TZGP scaffold offers a promising approach to repairing diabetic bone defects.
Cu‐Ru Bicenter Synergistically Triggers Tandem Catalytic Effect for Electroreduction of Nitrate to Ammonium
Authors: Lv Liyang , Tan Hao , Liu Yuying , Li Na , Ji Qianqian , Kong Yuan , Wang Huijuan , Sun Mei , Fan Minghui , Wang Chao , Yan Wensheng
Published: January 2025

The electrochemical transformation of nitrate (NO3−) into ammonia (NH3) holds significant promise to addresses nitration contamination and offers a sustainable alternative to the Haber–Bosch process. However, the sluggish kinetics hinders its large‐scale application. Herein, a Cu‐doped SrRuO3 synergetic tandem catalyst is designed and synthesized, which demonstrates exceptional performance in converting NO3− to NH3. Specifically, this catalyst achieves a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 95.4% for ammonia production, along with a high yield rate of 7196 µg h−1 mgcat.−1. A series of detailed characterizations reveals that the doped Cu ions modify the local electronic environment of Ru 4d eg orbital in SrRuO3, thereby facilitating highly efficient electron transfer processes. In situ delta X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (ΔXANES), synchrotron radiation‐based Fourier transform infrared (SR‐FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy identified the *NO2− generated on the Cu active sites is subsequently hydrogenated on the Ru sites. Combined with theoretical studies, it is confirmed that the tandem catalyst significantly reduces the energy barriers of the rate‐determining step (*NO to *NOH), thereby enhancing the efficiency of ammonia synthesis. This work not only offers fundamental insights into the mechanisms of cation substitution on regulating the eg orbital of perovskite catalysts, but also provides a promising avenue for the electro‐synthesis of ammonia.
Biphase Alloy Nanoheterojunction Encapsulated within N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for High‐Performance Zn‐Air and Mg‐Air Batteries
Authors: Wang Min , Xie Jing , Lu Zhenjiang , Wang Jing , Yin Xinxin , Cao Yali
Published: January 2025

N‐doped carbon confined alloy catalysts possess considerable potential in facilitating oxygen electrocatalytic reaction and consequent applications in metal air batteries, but the sluggish catalytic kinetics and high reaction barrier of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remain the bottleneck restricting its further development. Here, a novel CoFe‐NiFe biphase alloy nanoheterojunction encapsulated within N‐doped carbon nanotubes (CoFe‐NiFe@NCNT) is fabricated via the hydrothermal carbothermic reduction approach. Owing to the plentiful active sites and high electrical conductance, the potential difference between OER and ORR amounts to merely 0.68 V. Simultaneously, the performance of the Zn‐air and Mg‐air batteries assembled by CoFe‐NiFe@NCNT serving as the air‐cathode are superior to that of commercial Pt/C + RuO2. The DFT outcomes reveal that the transformation between *OOH and *O is the rate‐determining step (RDS) of ORR/OER. Also, the synergy between the biphase alloy heterojunction and N‐doped carbon nanotubes is conducive to reduce the reaction energy barrier. This study offers a profound understanding toward the structural design of biphase alloy nanoheterojunction electrocatalysts and the utilization in metal‐air batteries for portable wearable electronic apparatuses.
Bilayer Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase with 75 GPa Young's Modulus Enable High Energy Density Lithium Metal Pouch Cells
Authors: Yu Yingzhi , Long Kecheng , Huang Shaozhen , Yu Siyu , Yang Jixu , Naren Tuoya , Chen Yuejiao , Wei Weifeng , Ji Xiaobo , Ju Bowei , Kuang Gui‐Chao , Chen Libao
Published: January 2025

The artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is capable of protecting lithium anodes and preventing side reactions with electrolytes. The development of inorganic/organic composite hybrid SEI can be considered as an efficient strategy to combine the merits of high lithium ion conductivity, high mechanical modulus, and high flexibility. However, it still poses a great challenge to solve the agglomeration problem in these composite SEI to maintain the strong interaction between SEI and lithium metal. Herein, an inorganic/organic bilayer ultra‐thin SEI (P‐FEM@Li) derivative from reactive fluorinated copolymer (P‐FEM) is prepared and shows ultra‐large Young's modulus (> 75 GPa). The robust inorganic LiF‐rich layer provides superior ionic conductivity and large modulus, while the flexible organic polymer layer regulates lithium ions transport and interphase compatibility. The lithium anodes with P‐FEM induced bilayer SEI demonstrate stable cycles for more than 4400 h at 1 mA cm−2 and the average coulombic efficiency (CE) of Li||P‐FEM@Cu is 99.78% after 100 cycles. Moreover, the P‐FEM@Li||NCM811 punch cell with 428 Wh kg−1 exhibits a high‐capacity retention of 73% after 175 cycles. This work provides a new way to prepare practical SEI for lithium anodes.
Liquid Metal Nanoparticle‐Based Multifunctional Printable Electronics Enabled by Polymerizable Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Zhao Kai , Zhao Yanbo , Wang Jialin , Ye Changqing
Published: January 2025

Liquid metal nanoparticles (LMNPs) are being considered as promising candidates for printable electronics owing to their high conductivity and fluidity, as well as improved wettability comparable to that of bulk LMs. However, the high surface tension and weak adhesion of LMNPs pose formidable challenges to their facile patterning on various substrates for diverse applications. Herein, a new LMNP‐polymer composite is reported for multifunctional printable electronics, which is achieved by introducing α‐lipoic acid (LA)/choline chloride (ChCl) polymerizable deep eutectic solvents (PDESs) as ideal polymer carriers. Simply with the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of LA, highly conductive LMNP‐PDES composites can be patterned on the surface of various substrates using facile printing methods. Benefiting from the hydrogen bondings within PDES, the printed LMNP‐PDES traces feature enhance adhesion on substrates and consistent performances under different deformations. More importantly, they can be easily dissolved in ethanol via thermal treatment and reprinted for further use, showing excellent recyclable capability. Demonstrations of stretchable sensor, conformal electrode, and smart actuator validate the versatility and reliability of this LMNP‐PDES composite, ensuring its broad prospects on printable electronics.
Electroactive Asymmetric Dressing for Spatiotemporal Deep Burn Scarless Healing and Management
Authors: Wu Hanbai , Zhou Xiong , Zhi Chuanwei , Wang Cong , Chen Yuhan , Si Yifan , Yang Jieqiong , Zhang Qi , Lam Raymond H. W. , Qin Tingwu , Fu Guibing , Xiong Zhu , Hu Jinlian
Published: January 2025

Burn care and treatment differ markedly from other types of wounds, as they are significantly more prone to infections and struggle to maintain fluid balance post‐burn. Moreover, the limited self‐healing abilities exacerbate the likelihood of scar formation, further complicating the recovery process. To tackle these issues, an asymmetric wound dressing comprising a quercetin‐loaded poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P34HB@Qu) hydrophilic layer and a zinc oxide nanoparticle‐loaded, thermally treated polyvinylidene fluoride (HPVDF@ZnO) hydrophobic layer is designed. This dressing provided antibacterial property and exudate management in the early stages of burn treatment, preventing infection and maintaining moisture balance at the wound site. As healing progresses, the electroactive properties of HPVDF@ZnO and quercetin from P34HB@Qu synergistically regulate cell migration and differentiation, accelerating wound healing and facilitating scar‐free regeneration. Furthermore, the wound dressing assisted in the regeneration of skin appendages. This study underscores the full‐cycle strategy of versatile wound dressings for spatiotemporal burn wound management from injury to scarless healing.
Multiscale Understanding of Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Mechanisms, Electrocatalysts, Polymers, and Cell Management
Authors: Lei Huiyu , Yang Xiaohua , Chen Zhangsen , Rawach Diane , Du Lei , Liang Zhenxing , Li Dong‐Sheng , Zhang Gaixia , Tavares Ana C. , Sun Shuhui
Published: January 2025

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are among the most promising sustainable electrochemical technologies to help solve energy challenges. Compared to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), AEMFCs offer a broader choice of catalyst materials and a less corrosive operating environment for the bipolar plates and the membrane. This can lead to potentially lower costs and longer operational life than PEMFCs. These significant advantages have made AEMFCs highly competitive in the future fuel cell market, particularly after advancements in developing non‐platinum‐group‐metal anode electrocatalysts, anion exchange membranes and ionomers, and in understanding the relationships between cell operating conditions and mass transport in AEMFCs. This review aims to compile recent literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of AEMFCs in three key areas: i) the mechanisms of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media; ii) recent advancements in the synthesis routes and structure‐property relationships of cutting‐edge HOR and ORR electrocatalysts, as well as anion exchange membranes and ionomers; and iii) fuel cell operating conditions, including water management and impact of CO2. Finally, based on these aspects, the future development and perspectives of AEMFCs are proposed.
Additives‐Modified Electrodeposition for Synthesis of Hydrophobic Cu/Cu2O with Ag Single Atoms to Drive CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Zhang Zining , Fang Qi , Yang Xue , Zuo Shouwei , Cheng Tao , Yamauchi Yusuke , Tang Jing
Published: January 2025

Copper‐based electrocatalysts are recognized as crucial catalysts for CO2 electroreduction into multi‐carbon products. However, achieving copper‐based electrocatalysts with adjustable valences via one‐step facile synthesis remains a challenge. In this study, Cu/Cu2O heterostructure is constructed by adjusting the anion species of the Cu ions‐containing electrolyte during electrodeposition synthesis. Then, Cu/Cu2O with tuned nanoarchitectures ranging from dendrites to polyhedrons is achieved by introducing transition metal ions as additives, leading to an adjustable interfacial microenvironment for CO2/H2O adsorption on the Cu/Cu2O electrodes. Additionally, the polyhedral Cu/Cu2O catalysts are used as templates for depositing Ag single atoms (AgSA), which are known as synergistic active sites for promoting *CO to *COH toward C2+ products. The prepared AgSA‐Cu/Cu2O catalyst is evaluated in a flow cell and exhibited a FEC2+ of 90.2% and a partial current density (jc2+) of 426.6 mA cm−2 for CO2 electroreduction. As revealed by in situ Raman spectra and density functional theory calculations, the introduction of Ag single atoms slows down the reduction of Cu+ during CO2 electroreduction, especially at a high current density. This work provides a promising paradigm for diverse control of the compositions and hydrophobicity of Cu‐based catalysts for selective CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products.
Longitudinal and Noninvasive Intracellular Recordings of Spontaneous Electrophysiological Activity in Rat Primary Neurons on Planar MEA Electrodes
Authors: Melikov Rustamzhon , Iachetta Giuseppina , d'Amora Marta , Melle Giovanni , Conti Silvia , Tantussi Francesco , Dipalo Michele , De Angelis Francesco
Published: January 2025

Presently, the in vitro recording of intracellular neuronal signals on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) requires complex 3D nanostructures or invasive and approaches such as electroporation. Here, it is shown that laser poration enables intracellular coupling on planar electrodes without damaging neurons or altering their spontaneous electrophysiological activity, allowing the process to be repeated multiple times on the same cells. This capability distinguishes laser‐based neuron poration from more invasive methods like electroporation, which typically serve as endpoint measurement for cells. It is demonstrated that planar MEA electrodes, when combined with laser cell optoporation and live cell staining, can record spontaneous intracellular signaling from primary neurons in vitro. This approach allows for the detection of attenuated signals resembling positive monophasic intracellular action potentials. Recordings after laser optoporation also reveal subthreshold signals such as post‐synaptic potentials that are essential for assessing neuronal network plasticity and connectivity. Moreover, the noninvasiveness of the process enables repeated intracellular recordings over multiple days from the same cells.
A Wenzel Interfaces Design for Homogeneous Solute Distribution Obtains Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Cong , Gong Chenxiang , Ai Wei , Fan Baojin , Meng Xiangchuan , Shi Siyi , Hu Xiaotian , Chen Yiwang
Published: January 2025

The coffee‐ring effect, caused by uneven deposition of colloidal particles in perovskite precursor solutions, leads to poor uniformity in perovskite films prepared through large‐area printing. In this work, the surface of SnO2 is roughened to construct a Wenzel model, successfully achieving a super‐hydrophilic interface. This modification significantly accelerates the spreading of the perovskite precursor solution, reducing the response delay time of perovskite colloidal particles during the printing process. Additionally, the micro‐spherical depression structure on the SnO2 surface effectively inhibits the migration of colloidal particles toward the edges of liquid film, trapping perovskite colloidal particles at the buried interfaces and improving film uniformity. Due to the synergistic effect of super‐hydrophilicity and micro‐rough structure on the surface of SnO2, leading to a substantial improvement in the quality of perovskite crystals. Therefore, the efficiency of printing prepared flexible devices (0.101 cm2) reached 25.42% (certified 25.12%). Moreover, the efficiency of rigid and flexible large‐scale perovskite solar modules (PSMs) based on meniscus‐coating manufacture reached 21.34% and 16.99% (100 cm2), respectively, and demonstrated superior environmental stability by maintaining an initial efficiency of 91% after being stored in atmospheric conditions for 2000 h, offering practical guidance for fabricating high‐performance and stable large‐scale perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
Bioinspired Smart Triboelectric Soft Pneumatic Actuator‐Enabled Hand Rehabilitation Robot
Authors: Li Wei , Luo Feiling , Liu Yuan , Zou Yongxiang , Mo Linhong , He Qiguang , Lin Ping‐Ju , Xu Quan , Liu Aixian , Zhang Chi , Cheng Jia , Cheng Long , Ji Linhong
Published: January 2025

Quantitative assessment for post‐stroke spasticity remains a significant challenge due to the encountered variable resistance during passive stretching, which can lead to the widely used modified Ashworth scale (MAS) for spasticity assessment depending heavily on rehabilitation physicians. To address these challenges, a high‐force‐output triboelectric soft pneumatic actuator (TENG‐SPA) inspired by a lobster tail is developed. The bioinspired TENG‐SPA can generate approximately 20 N at 0.1 MPa, providing sufficient stretching force for spastic fingers. The anti‐interference, durability, and electrical output characteristics of the TENG‐SPA under varying conditions—such as different air pressures, bending frequencies, and simulated spastic finger stretching—are explored, demonstrating TENG‐SPA's ability to sense resistance during the stretching process. Furthermore, a TENG‐SPA‐enabled hand rehabilitation robot system integrated with the convolutional neural network (CNN) is further developed, which is tested in a clinical trial involving 15 stroke patients. The results have demonstrated that a classification accuracy for the levels of finger spasticity reaches 93.3% and the MAS scores predicted by the CNN regression model exhibit a strong linear relationship with the actual MAS (R2 = 0.8451, p < 0.01). This study presents promising potential applications in digital rehabilitation medicine, human–machine interaction, biomedicine, and related fields.
Optimizing Disordered Rock Salt Cathodes by Solid‐State Synthesis and Design of Experiments for Enhanced Battery Performance
Authors: Barbosa Eduardo C. M. , Du Jianxuan , Pal Avnish Singh , Kondrakov Aleksandr , Brezesinski Torsten
Published: January 2025

Aiming at discovering new positive electrode materials with superior electrochemical performance for application in lithium‐ion batteries, this work focuses on the design of fluorine‐free, manganese‐rich disordered rock salt (DRX) cathodes. Samples with a starting composition of Li1.1Mn0.8Ti0.1O2 are successfully prepared by facile solid‐state synthesis and further optimized through a design of experiments approach. Several key factors are examined, including carbon type and content as well as lithium (precursor) excess. The tailored DRX/carbon composites, using either graphite or multiwalled nanotubes, are capable of delivering specific capacities of up to 190 mAh g−1 and exhibit high cycling stability, with the capacity retention being greater than 90% after 100 cycles. This study emphasizes the importance of screening key factors in developing next‐generation battery materials.
Experimental and molecular thermodynamics insights into separating bicyclic aromatics from diesel oil with ionic liquids
Authors: Liu Qinghua , Song Minghao , Zhao Fei , Gui Chengmin , Liu Jichang , Lei Zhigang , Li Guoxuan
Published: January 2025

The presence of aromatics in diesel oil significantly reduces its overall quality. Ionic liquids (ILs) combined with extraction technology were proposed to separate three typical bicyclic aromatics and two monocyclic aromatics from diesel oils. The solubility of IL in raffinate phase was introduced as a crucial factor in IL screening process. The accuracy of COSMO‐RS model was evaluated using 2942 LLE data points. 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium methylsulfate was considered a suitable extractive solvent. The optimal operating conditions were identified by varying the extraction temperatures, solvent ratios, and stages. Heptane was used as a back‐extractive solvent to recover IL; the regenerative and humidity stability of selected IL were proven. The separation mechanisms were explored through molecular dynamic simulation and quantum chemistry calculation. Cation plays a more critical role in the extraction process than anion. The extraction performance mainly depends on the π–π stacking and C–H···O H‐bond formed between BAHs molecules and IL.
Cycle Effects Are Not Universal: A Case Study of Urinary C‐Reactive Protein Concentrations in Rural Polish and Polish American Samples
Authors: Wilson M. A. , Lee K. M. N. , Ehrlich D. E. , Rogers‐LaVanne M. P. , Jasienska G. , Galbarczyk A. , Clancy K. B. H.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

We need to better understand how the menstrual cycle interacts with other biological systems, such the inflammation and immune response. One way to study this interaction is through C‐reactive protein (CRP). Studies of CRP concentrations across the menstrual cycle have been inconsistent. This study explores menstrual cycle CRP variation in two geographically different samples of Polish and Polish American individuals.

Methods

Analyses were conducted on 76 Polish and 22 Polish American daily urine samples collected on the first day of menstruation until the start of their next period. CRP, estrone‐3‐glucuronide, and pregnanediol‐3‐glucuronide were assayed. Sample‐specific linear mixed models were used to examine cycle effects and median CRP concentrations across cycle phases and between the start of menses and remainder of the cycle were compared using Kruskal‐Wallace and Dunn tests.

Results

Polish and Polish American samples had distinct menstrual cycle CRP phenotypes. The Polish sample did not show cycle effects. The Polish American LMM demonstrated that CRP decreases after the first 3 days of menses (estimate −0.17, t‐value −5.2). The KW and Dunn tests supported this. CRP concentrations were higher during the early follicular (median 0.406, p < 0.05), specifically the first 3 days of menstruation (median 0.466, p < 0.01), and lower in the luteal (median 0.277, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Results suggest that changes in CRP during menstrual cycle are not universal across populations. In the Polish American sample, CRP was highest during the early follicular, specifically the first 3 days of menstruation, suggesting a potential relationship between the menstrual cycle and inflammation.
Revisiting the Neuropsychological and Clinical Profile of Mosaic Turner Syndrome With a Ring X Chromosome
Authors: Cicione Marisa E. , Wong Ashley W. , Aragon Eloise , Hague Cole , Cirino Allison L. , Scimone Eleanor R. , Gochyyev Perman , Lin Angela E.
Published: January 2025

Determining karyotype‐phenotype correlations for individuals with Turner syndrome (“TS individuals”) is a longstanding research endeavor. The limited literature on Turner syndrome (TS) with a ring X chromosome hinders counseling about the neuropsychological and clinical features. To further characterize these phenotypes, we compared 27 TS individuals with 46,X,r(X)/45,X (“ring X”) to 50 non‐mosaic 45,X, and 27 mosaic 45,X/46,XX (“mosaic 45,X”) individuals. This retrospective cohort study of 104 individuals reported on cardiac and renal malformations, endocrine and neuropsychological conditions, and applied contemporary terminology in a nuanced framework to assess intellectual developmental disorder (IDD). We noted an increased IDD risk for TS individuals with ring X compared to mosaic 45,X and non‐mosaic 45,X, though at a lower frequency (26%, 6 of 23) than previously reported. Across karyotypes, 49% (16 of 33) of TS individuals with neuropsychological evaluations had a diagnosis of other specified neurodevelopmental disorder due to TS. In TS individuals with ring X, there was an increased risk for hypothyroidism, whereas bicuspid aortic valve and horseshoe kidney were less frequent compared to other karyotypes. These results add to the limited literature on TS individuals with ring X and can inform the counseling of TS individuals, caregivers, and expectant parents.
Aryl‐Acetylen‐Schichthybrid‐Perowskite in der Photovoltaik
Authors: AlSabeh Ghewa , Slama Vladislav , Ren Ming , Almalki Masaud , Pfeifer Lukas , Kubicki Dominik J. , Zimmermann Paul , Hinderhofer Alexander , Faini Fabiola , Moia Davide , Othman Mostafa , Eickemeyer Felix T. , Carnevali Virginia , Lempesis Nikolaos , Vezzosi Andrea , Ansari Fatemeh , Schreiber Frank , Maier Joachim , Wolff Christian M. , Hessler‐Wyser Aïcha , Ballif Christophe , Grancini Giulia , Rothlisberger Ursula , Grätzel Michael , Milić Jovana V.
Published: January 2025

Metallhalogenid‐Perowskite haben ein außerordentliches Potenzial für die Umwandlung von Sonnenenergie in elektrische Energie in der Photovoltaik gezeigt, doch ihre Anwendung wird durch eine begrenzte Betriebsstabilität behindert. Dies hat die Entwicklung hybrider, geschichteter (zweidimensionaler, 2D) Halogenid‐Perowskite auf der Grundlage hydrophober organischer Spacer (Abstandshalter) angeregt, die Perowskit‐Schichten als stabilere Alternative ermöglichen. Herkömmliche organische Spacer‐Kationen sind jedoch elektronisch isolierend, was zu einem Ladungseinschluss innerhalb der anorganischen Schichten führt und damit deren Funktionalität einschränkt. Dies kann durch die Erweiterung der π‐Konjugation der Spacer‐Kationen verbessert werden. Wir zeigen, dass wir Zugang zu Ruddlesden‐Popper‐ und Dion‐Jacobson‐2D‐Perowskiten haben, die zum ersten Mal Aryl‐Acetylen‐basierte (4‐Ethinylphenyl)methylammonium‐ (BMAA) bzw. Buta‐1,3‐Din‐1,4‐diylbis(4,1‐phenylen)dimethylammonium‐ (BDAA) Spacer enthalten. Wir bewerten ihre einzigartigen opto(elektro)ionischen Eigenschaften durch eine Kombination von Techniken und wenden sie in gemischtdimensionalen Perowskit‐Solarzellen an, die eine überragende Leistung mit einem Wirkungsgrad von bis zu 23 % und eine höhere Betriebsstabilität aufweisen, was den Weg für Multifunktionalität in geschichteten Hybridmaterialien und deren Anwendung öffnet.
The impact of COVID‐19 pre‐university education on first‐grade medical students. A performance study of students of a Department of Histology
Authors: García José Manuel , Sánchez‐Porras David , Etayo‐Escanilla Miguel , Ávila‐Fernández Paula , Ortiz‐Arrabal Olimpia , Martín‐Piedra Miguel‐Ángel , Campos Fernando , García‐García Óscar‐Darío , Chato‐Astrain Jesús , Alaminos Miguel
Published: January 2025

The recent coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) forced pre‐university professionals to modify the educational system. This work aimed to determine the effects of pandemic situation on students' access to medical studies by comparing the performance of medical students. We evaluated the performance of students enrolled in a subject taught in the first semester of the medical curriculum in two pre‐pandemic academic years (PRE), two post‐pandemic years (POST), and an intermediate year (INT) using the results of a final multiple‐choice exam. Consistency analysis among periods was performed using the Cronbach alpha coefficient (α), the difficulty index with random effects correction (DI), and the point‐biserial correlation index (PB). The five exams were homogeneous and had similar α, DI, and PB difficultness. Performance significantly decreased in POST students compared with PRE students, with a correlation between performance and the academic years (PRE‐POST). A significant decrease in the percentage of correct answers was detected in the academic years, with POST students showing lower results than PRE students, but not in the percentage of questions answered incorrectly. Significantly higher percentages of unanswered questions were found among POST students. These results confirm the negative impact of the POST pre‐university educational system on the performance of students accessing medical school and suggest that POST students could have a higher degree of uncertainty. Specific education programs should be implemented during the first years of the medical curriculum to tailor this effect and increase students' self‐confidence and knowledge, which may be associated with confidence.
Predictive role of ABC transporters in the efficacy of enfortumab vedotin for urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Kijima Toshiki , Takada‐Owada Atsuko , Shimoda Hiroki , Kokubun Hidetoshi , Uematsu Toshitaka , Takei Kohei , Betsunoh Hironori , Yashi Masahiro , Ishida Kazuyuki , Kamai Takao
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the correlation between ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter expression and therapeutic efficacy of enfortumab vedotin (EV), an antibody‐drug conjugate targeting Nectin‐4, in urothelial cancer, as only a few studies have been conducted on this topic.

Patients and methods

This retrospective study included 20 patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), including bladder and upper urinary tract cancers, who were treated with EV at Dokkyo Medical University Hospital between 2022 and 2024. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue samples. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and differences between subgroups (e.g., Nectin‐4 and ABC transporter expression) were compared using the log‐rank test.

Results

Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that tumours with high ABC transporter expression exhibited shorter PFS time and poorer response to EV. Furthermore, a decrease in Nectin‐4 expression and an increase in ABC transporter expression were observed as the disease progressed from non‐muscle‐invasive to muscle‐invasive and metastatic. Patients with Nectin‐4‐positive and ABC transporter‐negative tumours had the longest PFS, underscoring the prognostic significance of these biomarkers.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this study is the first to show a correlation between ABC transporter expression and EV efficacy in urothelial carcinoma. Future research should focus on optimizing treatment strategies based on Nectin‐4 and ABC transporter expression to improve outcomes.
Neuartige Holz‐Beton‐Verbunddecke mit Kerven und Buchenholzdübeln als Verbundlösung
Authors: Mikoschek‐Muggendorfer Michael , Rempel Sergej , Colling François
Published: January 2025

Holz‐Beton‐Verbunddecken gehören bereits länger im Bestand und Neubau zum Stand der Technik und finden nun womöglich mit der Technischen Spezifikation DIN CEN/TS 19103 auch Einzug in den künftigen Eurocode 5. Hierbei sind erstmals Kerven als Verbundlösung mit Schrauben zur Abhebesicherung für die Bemessung und Anwendung normativ beschrieben. Trotz dieses Fortschritts bleibt eine flächendeckende Nutzung dieser Bauweise bislang aus. Dies könnte nicht zuletzt an der sehr hohen Anzahl an benötigten Schrauben liegen, weswegen der erhöhte Aufwand häufig gemieden wird. Eine Alternative hierzu ist ein neuartiges Holz‐Beton‐Verbundsystem unter Verwendung von Kerven und Buchenholzdübeln als Abhebesicherung. Diese Verbundlösung ermöglicht einen hohen Vorfertigungsgrad und einen effizienteren Einsatz durch kürzere Bauzeiten. Weitere Effizienzsteigerungen werden durch den Verzicht auf eine vollflächige Bewehrung der Betondeckschicht erreicht, was auch zu ökologischen Vorteilen führt und eine einfachere Rückbaubarkeit ermöglichen soll. In Hinblick auf das Tragverhalten der neuen Verbundlösung wurden experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen durchgeführt, um damit die Grundlagen für eine baupraktische Anwendbarkeit zu schaffen.
The Impact of EU Taxonomy for Sustainable Activities on European Utilities' Performance
Authors: Tonnarello Federica , Vermiglio Carlo , Migliardo Carlo , Naciti Valeria
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the relationship between European utility companies' compliance with the EU Taxonomy for Sustainable Activities and their overall performance. The EU Taxonomy is a new regulation proposed by the European Commission to promote sustainable finance by 2050. The literature shows that nonfinancial disclosures have a favorable impact on financial performance. However, no research has been conducted to assess the implementation of the EU Taxonomy and its effect on firm performance. Using a sample of European utilities from 2012 to 2022, a difference‐in‐differences (DiD) model was applied to analyze the causal relationship between compliance and performance. Based on institutional and signaling theories, the results show that companies reporting alignment with the Taxonomy exhibit higher market value, profitability, and efficiency than those that do not. This study contributes to firms' transparency and enriches academic discussions by offering insights for policymakers and by improving industry practices.
Non‐Indigenous Canadians' Post‐Colonial Ideologies, Allyship and Collective Guilt Predict Support for Reconciliation, Collective Action and Political Tolerance
Authors: Herkimer Jaiden , Choma Becky , Nasser Leen
Published: January 2025

Since the release of the Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission's (2015) report and their 94 Calls to Action, there has been a push to advance truth and reconciliation with Indigenous peoples in Canada. Much of the heavy lifting has been done by Indigenous peoples; but to comprehensively redress injustices there is a need for non‐Indigenous support. In two studies with non‐Indigenous Canadians (n = 355; n = 341), we investigated post‐colonial ideologies (historical negation, symbolic exclusion), ally/supporter identity and collective guilt as predictors of support for reconciliation and Indigenous collective action movements, and political tolerance of Indigenous peoples. Consistent with hypotheses, higher post‐colonial ideologies, lower ally/supporter identification and lower collective guilt related to less support and less political tolerance. Collective guilt emerged as a mediator for support for reconciliation and Indigenous collective action (except for symbolic exclusion in Study 1); but it moderated the relations for political tolerance. Collective guilt also moderated relations between symbolic exclusion and ally/supporter identity with support for reconciliation in Study 1. Future directions for advancing understanding of post‐colonial ideologies and possible applied interventions aimed at improving intergroup relations are discussed.
NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging‐guided Photothermal Activated Pyroptosis For Precision Therapy Of Glioma
Authors: Chen Zhuang , Luo Yi , Jia Qian , Yang Zuo , Liu Zebing , Cui Can , Qiao Chaoqiang , Yang Peng , Wang Zhongliang
Published: January 2025

The resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis poses a significant challenge in cancer therapy, driving the exploration of alternative cell death pathways such as pyroptosis, known for its rapid and potent effects. While initial efforts focused on chemotherapy‐induced pyroptosis, concerns about systemic inflammation highlight the need for precise activation strategies. Photothermal therapy emerges as a promising non‐invasive technique, minimizing pyroptosis‐related side effects by targeting tumors spatially and temporally. However, accurately pinpointing tumors to avoid collateral damage remains a challenge. Thus, we utilize NIR‐II fluorescence imaging to achieve precise PTT‐induced pyroptosis activation in glioma. A polymer semiconductor‐based PTT agent was developed with high optical stability, integrated with mesoporous silica to enhance its biocompatibility. These nanoparticles, stabilized through PEG modification and targeted with cRGD peptides, effectively induced pyroptosis in vitro. Furthermore, this design facilitated precise tumor imaging guidance and subsequent pyroptosis activation in vivo, presenting a promising strategy for glioma therapy with minimized adverse effects.
Extensive Spiculated Follicular Porokeratosis With Alopecia: A Case Report
Authors: Abdolvand Mitra , Radanfar Roya , Sepaskhah Mozhdeh , Sari Aslani Fatemeh , Akbarzadeh Jahromi Mojgan
Published: January 2025

Follicular porokeratosis (FPK) is a rare subtype of porokeratosis. Follicular porokeratosis mainly occurs in men and may be localized or diffuse. Involvement of the scalp is rarely reported, and we found only one case of alopecia due to scalp FPK. Diabetes mellitus has not been reported in association with FPK We report a 35‐year‐old diabetic woman that presented with brown follicular keratotic papules and spicules involving the scalp, face, trunk, and extremities, accompanied by scalp alopecia. The differential diagnoses were lichen planopilaris, papular eczema, and phrynoderma. Histopathologic examination of skin punch biopsies revealed the follicle‐centered cornoid lamella as the feature of FPK. The patient was treated with oral isotretinoin, and the lesions improved partially within 6 weeks of follow‐up. Follicular porokeratosis might be considered among the differential diagnoses of keratotic papules (with or without spicules) and in the cases of alopecia with keratotic papules. Diabetes mellitus may be associated with FPK.
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Key considerations in the multidisciplinary team approach
Authors: Pfaar Oliver , Peters Anju T. , Taillé Camille , Teeling Thijs , Silver Jared , Chan Robert , Hellings Peter W.
Published: January 2025

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a recurrent inflammatory disease associated with several comorbidities and a significant disease burden for patients. Treatments include corticosteroids and sinonasal surgery, but these can be associated with the risk of adverse events and nasal polyp recurrence. Biologic treatments such as mepolizumab can be used as an add‐on treatment and are effective at reducing surgery and corticosteroid use.

Main text

Patients with CRSwNP may be seen by a specialist in one of several different areas and often experience delayed diagnosis due to the need to see multiple physicians, as well as misdiagnosis resulting from lack of sufficient expertise within any one speciality. Multidisciplinary team (MDT) approaches have been shown to be effective in optimising the treatment and clinical management of other respiratory diseases, such as aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease and severe asthma. In CRSwNP, an MDT approach may reduce diagnostic delays, mitigate secondary disease burden, and reduce overprescription of corticosteroids and antibiotics.

Conclusion

This article provides an overview of the patient perspective of MDTs, existing approaches and barriers to adoption, lessons learnt from allied and rare diseases, how to address under‐recognised aspects of CRSwNP, and other key considerations for developing an MDT approach.
Ultrastructural Localization of Glutamate Delta Receptor 1 in the Rodent and Primate Lateral Habenula
Authors: Choi Diane , Paré Jean‐Francois , Dravid Shashank , Smith Yoland
Published: January 2025

Glutamate delta receptor 1 (GluD1) is a unique synaptogenic molecule expressed at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. The lateral habenula (LHb), a subcortical structure that regulates negative reward prediction error and major monoaminergic systems, is enriched in GluD1. LHb dysfunction has been implicated in psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia, both of which are associated with GRID1, the gene that encodes GluD1. Thus, disruption in GluD1 synaptic signaling may contribute to LHb dysfunction and the pathophysiology of LHb‐associated disorders. Despite its strong cellular expression, little is known about the subsynaptic and subcellular localization of GluD1 in LHb neurons. Given that GluD1 is involved in the development and/or regulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses in various brain regions, a detailed map of GluD1 synaptic localization is essential to elucidate its role in the LHb. To address this issue, we used immunoelectron microscopy methods in rodents and monkeys. In both species, GluD1 immunoreactivity was primarily expressed in dendritic profiles, with lower expression in somata, spines, and glial elements. Pre‐ and post‐embedding immunogold experiments revealed strong GluD1 expression in the core of symmetric GABAergic synapses. Albeit less frequent, GluD1 was also found at the edges (i.e., perisynaptic) of asymmetric, putative glutamatergic synapses. Through the combination of anterograde tracing with immunogold labeling in rats, we showed that axon terminals from the entopeduncular nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus express postsynaptic GluD1 immunolabeling in the LHb. Our findings suggest that GluD1 may play a critical role in modulating GABAergic transmission in the rodent and primate LHb.
High Sensitivity of Fine‐Needle Aspiration Calcitonin in Detecting Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Is Independent of Predefined Decisional Thresholds
Authors: Wolde Sellasie Sium , Amendola Stefano , Guidobaldi Leo , Pedicini Francesco , Nardone Isabella , Piticchio Tommaso , Zaccaria Simona , Scappaticcio Lorenzo , Leoncini Andrea , Uccioli Luigi , Trimboli Pierpaolo
Published: January 2025

The measurement of Calcitonin (Ctn) in fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) washout fluids (FNA‐Ctn) has demonstrated excellent sensitivity, significantly higher than FNA cytology, in detecting medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). However, the absence of a fixed cutoff value for FNA‐Ctn poses a limitation. This study aimed to investigate whether the sensitivity of FNA‐Ctn in detecting MTC varies with different cutoffs reported in the literature. A single‐centre series of MTCs was retrospectively reviewed. The preoperative FNA‐Ctn levels were re‐evaluated using various thresholds previously reported in the literature, and the corresponding FNA‐Ctn sensitivities were compared. Twenty‐one MTCs were included (69% women; median age 59 years; median serum Ctn value 86 pg/mL; median MTC major diameter 10 mm). The median FNA‐Ctn value was 2000 pg/mL (interquartile range 49–250). MTCs nodules were assessed at high risk (ACR TI‐RADS 5) in 50% of cases, while 47.6% were cytologically malignant. Additionally, 42.9% of cases were assessed as stage III according to Union for International Cancer Control staging system (UICC). Serum Ctn was significantly lower in stage I (p = 0.04). FNA‐Ctn was positively correlated with serum Ctn (Rho = 0.45; p = 0.04), while ACR TI‐RADS assessment with MTC stage (Rho = 0.69; p = 0.003). FNA‐Ctn sensitivity ranged from 95% to 100% based on the previously proposed FNA‐Ctn cutoffs. The high sensitivity of FNA‐Ctn in detecting MTC did not significantly differ when applying the previously proposed cutoffs. Given the absence of a universally applicable FNA‐Ctn decisional threshold, institutions should establish their own diagnostic cutoffs. Future guidelines should incorporate these concepts to enhance clinical decision‐making and patient outcomes.
Theoretical Investigation on the Copper‐Catalyzed anti‐Selective 1,2‐Silylboration of Internal Alkynes
Authors: Moniwa Hirokazu , Yamanaka Masahiro , Shintani Ryo
Published: January 2025

The mechanism of a copper‐catalyzed regio‐ and anti‐selective 1,2‐silylboration of internal alkynes was theoretically studied to understand the reaction pathway and the origin of selectivity. The proposed overall reaction pathway involves the syn‐to‐anti isomerization via an anionic allenic transition state stabilized by the conjugation with the benzene ring. The anti‐selectivity is determined at the borylation step and controlled by the steric effect of the silyl group introduced on the alkyne carbon. The computational results obtained in this study are highly informative for the development of new catalytic transformations involving syn/anti‐isomerization processes.
Integrated Fuzzy‐Knapsack Based Demand Response Energy Management System for Smart Grid Buildings
Authors: Memon Zulfiqar , Azeem Fawad , Manzoor Tareq , Manzoor Habib Ullah
Published: January 2025

Demand response schemes play a vital role in managing the load demand. However, the demand response applicability is pre‐descriptive where loads to be managed are pre‐selected majorly based on the availability of renewable energy and lower tariff rates. However, in hospitality buildings such as hotels, user comfort cannot be compromised by the cost of energy. The arrival of guests is a unique parameter that drives the load consumption regardless of the availability of free energy or lower tariff rates. During higher guest arrivals, pre‐descriptive loads meant to be scheduled during low renewable energy availability and higher tariff rates cannot be compromised over guest comfort. Similarly, pre‐descriptive loads that are already not in operation at the time of low guest arrivals will result in wastage of green power at times of its availability. There is a need to develop an automated demand response that has the liberty to select any load for shifting to renewable energy based on the power they consume to utilize maximum resources without compromising guest comfort. In this research, a novel automated demand response scheme is developed that intelligently selects any load from the building in real time while mapping it with the available capacity of renewable power. A cascaded fuzzy integrated knapsack algorithm is designed for intelligent selection of loads participation in demand response. Based on the availability of solar PV power, grid rates, and load operations, fuzzy designates values to the random operational loads. In the second step, the designated values are given to the Knapsack algorithm to find the best optimal responsive loads to be operated at that time. In the proposed approach, random loads were selected for shifting to renewable power without any prior load selection, which enhances the operation and usability of solar PV power. It was found that 88%–100% of solar PV power was utilized under all simulated scenarios of operation.
A Filtered Embedded Weighted Compact Non‐Linear Scheme for Hyperbolic Conservation Law
Authors: Liu Xuan , Min Yaobing , Cai Jinsheng , Ma Yankai , Yan Zhen‐Guo
Published: January 2025

In situations where a wide range of flow scales are involved, the non‐linear scheme should be capable of both shock capturing and low‐dissipation. Most of the existing Weighted Compact Non‐linear Schemes (WCNS) are too dissipative and incapable of achieving fourth‐order for the two smooth stencils located on the same side of a discontinuity due to the weight deviations and the defect of the weighting strategy. In this paper, a novel filtered embedded WCNS is introduced for complex flow simulations involving both shock and small‐scale structures. To overcome the above deficiency of existing WCNS, a pre‐discrete mapping function is proposed to filter the weight deviation out and amend the inappropriate weights to ideal weights in smooth regions. Meanwhile, the embedded process is also implemented by this function, which is utilized to improve the resolution of shock capturing in certain discontinuity distributions. The pre‐discrete mapping function is also extended to the WENO framework. The approximate‐dispersion‐relation analysis indicates that the scheme with the mapping function has lower dispersion and dissipation error than the WCNS‐JS, WCNS‐Z, and WCNS‐T schemes. Numerical results show that WCNS with the new non‐linear weights captures discontinuities sharply without obvious oscillation, has a higher resolution than other non‐linear schemes, and has an obvious advantage in capturing small‐scale structures.
Threshold Photoelectron Spectrum of 3,4‐Dimethylenecyclobutene
Authors: Karaev Emil , Schaffner Dorothee , Gerlach Marius , Preitschopf Tobias , Hemberger Patrick , Fischer Ingo
Published: January 2025

We report a study on the photoionization of the C6H6 isomer 3,4‐dimethylenecyclobutene, DMCB. The molecule is an intermediate in the formation of benzene from the propargyl radical self‐reaction, a suggested first step in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and soot. From a threshold photoelectron spectrum we determine an adiabatic ionization energy of 8.75 eV. The geometry change upon ionization is associated with considerable vibrational activity, which is assigned to a symmetric in‐plane bending mode of the =CH2 groups. A breakdown diagram shows that the dissociative photoionization resembles the one observed for benzene. Computations reveal that DMCB cation isomerizes to the benzene cation and dissociates from there.