bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a mixed methods feasibility and implementation study of a community-based integrated care model for home-dwelling older adults: The INSPIRE project
Authors: Yip Olivia , Mendieta Maria Jose , Zullig Leah L. , Zeller Andreas , De Geest Sabina , Deschodt Mieke , Siqeca Flaka , Zúñiga Franziska , Briel Matthias , Schwenkglenks Matthias , Quinto Carlos , Dhaini Suzanne
Published: December 2022

Background

Evaluations of integrated care models for home-dwelling frail older adults have shown inconclusive results on health and service outcomes. However, limited research has focused on the implementation of integrated care models. Applying implementation science methods may facilitate uptake of integrated care models, thus generating positive outcomes e.g., reduced hospital admissions. This paper describes the protocol to assess the feasibility of an integrated care model (featuring a four-step comprehensive geriatric assessment: screening, a multi-dimensional assessment, a coordinated individualized care plan and follow-up) designed for a new community-based center for home-dwelling older adults in Switzerland. The study includes the following objectives: 1) to assess implementation by a) monitoring respondents to the outreach strategies and describing the Center’s visitors; b) assessing implementation outcomes related to the care model (i.e., adoption, acceptability, feasibility, fidelity) and implementation processes related to collaboration; and 2) assessing implementation costs.

Methods

For objective 1a, we will use a descriptive design to assess respondents to the outreach strategies and describe the Center’s visitors. We will use a parallel convergent mixed methods design for objective 1b. Implementation outcomes data will be collected from meetings with the Center’s staff, interviews with older adults and their informal caregivers, and reviewing older adults’ health records at the Center. Implementation processes related to collaboration will be assessed through a questionnaire to external collaborators (e.g., GPs) towards the end of the study. For objective 2, implementation costs will be calculated using time-driven activity-based costing methods. Data collection is anticipated to occur over approximately six months.

Discussion

This study of a contextually adapted integrated care model will inform adaptations to the outreach strategies, care model and implementation strategies in one community center, prior to evaluating the care model effectiveness and potentially scaling out the intervention.

Trial registration

Feasibility study registration ID with clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05302310; registration ID with BMC: ISRCTN12324618.
Preferred music-listening level in musicians and non-musicians
Authors: Dolan Antonia Olivia , Perugia Emanuele , Kluk Karolina
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to establish whether preferred music-listening level differed between musicians and non-musicians, and whether preferred music-listening level was related to music genre preference and lifetime noise exposure. Seventeen musicians (mean age = 29.06 years, SD = 4.74; female n = 9) and 17 non-musicians (mean age = 28.94 years, SD = 4.63; female n = 9) with clinically normal hearing were recruited to listen to six music samples from different genres and one sample of environmental sounds. Participants adjusted the listening level [dB(A)] until the music was loud and enjoyable. This was repeated three times and an average was taken. Lifetime noise exposure was estimated using the Noise Exposure Structured Interview. Preferred music-listening levels of musicians were significantly higher than non-musicians. The preferred music-listening level differed with genre preference, with the participants’ favorite tracks being played at 11 dB higher level than the least favorite tracks. There was also a positive correlation between lifetime noise exposure and preferred music-listening level. Musicians prefer to listen to music at higher level than non-musicians and thus may be more susceptible to noise induced hearing loss than non-musicians. As such, musicians in particular would benefit from simple changes in lifestyle and listening habits, including increased awareness of the risks of higher listening levels, as well as the use of hearing protection.
The direct and indirect costs of cardiovascular diseases in Brazil
Authors: de Araújo Jevuks Matheus , Eufrosino de Alencar Rodrigues Rômulo , da Costa Pereira de Arruda Neta Adélia , Leite Lima Ferreira Flávia Emília , Lira Formiga Cavalcanti de Lima Rafaela , Pinheiro de Toledo Vianna Rodrigo , Vasconcelos Leitão Moreira Lucas , Moreira da Silva Neto José , Moreira Patrícia Vasconcelos Leitão
Published: December 2022

Objective

To evaluate the direct and indirect costs of cardiovascular diseases (such as coronary heart disease and stroke) by sex and age group, attributed to the excessive consumption of salt, saturated fat and trans fat in Brazil.

Materials and methods

The data for estimating the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) corresponding to the consumption of salt, saturated fat and trans-fat were obtained from the Household Budget Survey 2017–2018. The calculation of direct costs for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was made from the accounting sum of costs with hospitalizations and outpatient care found in the National Health System (Hospital Information System and Outpatient Information System), from 2017 to 2019, including the costs of treatment, such as medical consultations, medical procedures, and drugs. Regarding the indirect costs, they were measured by the loss of human capital, given the premature death, resulting in loss of productivity. To define the attributable costs, they were multiplied by the PAF.

Results

Higher burden of CVD attributable to the consumption of salt, saturated fat and trans fat were observed in younger individuals, which progressively decreased with advancing age, but still generated economic costs in the order of US$ 7.18 billion, in addition to 1.53 million productive years of life lost (YLL) to premature death, if considering salt as an inducer. Although attributable burden of CVD is higher among younger individuals, the highest costs are associated with males aged 45 to 74 years old for direct costs and 45 to 64 years old for indirect costs.

Conclusion

The attributable fractions to consumption of salt are the ones that cause the most effects on CVD, followed by saturated fat and trans fat, with direct and indirect costs being higher for males.
Ambulatory assessment to predict problem anger in trauma-affected adults: Study protocol
Authors: Metcalf Olivia , Finlayson-Short Laura , Lamb Karen E. , Zaloumis Sophie , O’Donnell Meaghan L. , Qian Tianchen , Varker Tracey , Cowlishaw Sean , Brotman Melissa , Forbes David
Published: December 2022

Background

Problem anger is common after experiencing a traumatic event. Current evidence-driven treatment options are limited, and problem anger negatively affects an individual’s capacity to engage with traditional psychological treatments. Smartphone interventions hold significant potential in mental health because of their ability to deliver low-intensity, precision support for individuals at the time and place they need it most. While wearable technology has the capacity to augment smartphone-delivered interventions, there is a dearth of evidence relating to several key areas, including feasibility of compliance in mental health populations; validity of in vivo anger assessment; ability to predict future mood states; and delivery of timely and appropriate interventions.

Methods

This protocol describes a cohort study that leverages 10 days of ambulatory assessment in the form of ecological momentary assessment and a wearable. Approximately 100 adults with problem anger will complete four-hourly in vivo mobile application-delivered micro-surveys on anger intensity, frequency, and verbal and physical aggression, as well as other self-reported mental health and wellbeing measures. Concurrently, a commercial wearable device will continuously record indicators of physiological arousal. The aims are to test the feasibility and acceptability of ambulatory assessment in a trauma-affected population, and determine whether a continuously measured physiological indicator of stress predicts self-reported anger intensity.

Discussion

This study will contribute new data around the ability of physiological indicators to predict mood state in individuals with psychopathology. This will have important implications for the design of smartphone-delivered interventions for trauma-affected individuals, as well as for the digital mental health field more broadly.
Achieving HIV epidemic control through integrated community and facility-based strategies: Lessons learnt from ART-surge implementation in Akwa Ibom, Nigeria
Authors: Nwaokoro Pius , Sanwo Olusola , Toyo Otoyo , Akpan Uduak , Nwanja Esther , Elechi Iheanyichukwu , Ukpong Kufre-Abasi , Idiong Helen , Gana Bala , Badru Titilope , Idemudia Augustine , Ogbechie Matthew-David , Imohi Philip , Achanya Anthony , Oqua Dorothy , Kakanfo Kunle , Olatunbosun Kolawole , Umoh Augustine , Essiet Patrick , Usanga Ime , Ezeanolue Echezona , Obiora-Okafo Chika , James Ezekiel , Iyortim Isa , Chiegil Robert , Khamofu Hadiza , Pandey Satish Raj , Bateganya Moses
Published: December 2022

This study examines the lessons learnt from the implementation of a surge program in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria as part of the Strengthening Integrated Delivery of HIV/AIDS Services (SIDHAS) Project. In this analysis, we included all clients who received HIV counseling and testing services, tested HIV positive, and initiated ART in SIDHAS-supported local government areas (LGAs) from April 2017 to March 2021. We employed descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze our results. A total of 2,018,082 persons were tested for HIV. Out of those tested, 102,165 (5.1%) tested HIV-positive. Comparing the pre-surge and post-surge periods, we observed an increase in HIV testing from 490,450 to 2,018,082 (p≤0.031) and in HIV-positive individuals identified from 21,234 to 102,165 (p≤0.001) respectively. Of those newly identified positives during the surge, 98.26% (100,393/102,165) were linked to antiretroviral therapy compared to 99.24% (21,073/21,234) pre-surge. Retention improved from 83.3% to 92.3% (p<0.001), and viral suppression improved from 73.5% to 96.2% (p<0.001). A combination of community and facility-based interventions implemented during the surge was associated with the rapid increase in case finding, retention, and viral suppression; propelling the State towards HIV epidemic control. HIV programs should consider a combination of community and facility-based interventions in their programming.
BEATVIC, a body-oriented resilience therapy for individuals with psychosis: Short term results of a multi-center RCT
Authors: van der Stouwe Elisabeth C. D. , de Vries Bertine , Steenhuis Laura A. , Waarheid Clement O. , Jans Remon , de Jong Steven , Aleman André , Pijnenborg Gerdina H. M. , Van Busschbach Jooske T.
Published: December 2022

Background

Individuals with a psychotic disorder are at an increased risk of victimization, but evidenced-based interventions are lacking.

Aims

A body-oriented resilience therapy (‘BEATVIC’) aimed at preventing victimization was developed and its effectiveness was assessed in a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Methods

105 people with a psychotic disorder were recruited from six mental health centers. Participants were randomly allocated to 20 BEATVIC group sessions (n = 53) or befriending group sessions (n = 52). Short term effects on risk factors for victimization (e.g. social cognitive deficits, inadequate interpersonal behavior, low self-esteem, internalized stigma, aggression regulation problems), physical fitness and secondary outcomes were expected. At six-month follow-up, the effect on victimization (either a 50% reduction or an absence of victimization incidents) was examined.

Results

Intervention-dropout was 28.30% for BEATVIC and 39.62% for befriending. In both conditions the majority of participants (60.5% BEATVIC vs 62.9% befriending) showed a reduction or absence of victimization incidents at six months follow-up, which was not significantly different according to condition. Multilevel analyses revealed no main effect of time and no significant time x group interaction on other outcome measures. Per protocol analyses (participants attending ≥ 75% of the sessions) did not change these results.

Conclusions

Although a reduction or absence of victimization was found at short term follow-up for the majority of participants, BEATVIC was not more effective than the active control condition. No short-term additional effects on risk factors of victimization were found. Analysis of the data at 2-year follow-up is warranted to investigate possible effects in the long-term.

Trial registration number

Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN21423535.
Phytogenics and encapsulated sodium butyrate can replace antibiotics as growth promoters for lightly weaned piglets
Authors: da Silva Caio Abércio , Dias Cleandro Pazinato , Callegari Marco Aurélio , Romano Gabrieli de Souza , Lais de Souza Kelly , Jacob David Vanni , Ulbrich Alexandre José , Goossens Tim
Published: December 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of essential oils plus dry herbs (PHYTO) and encapsulated sodium butyrate (BUT) supplementation compared with enramycin (ENR), as a growth promoter, on the performance, diarrhoea control and intestinal microbiota in lightly weaned piglets. Two hundred weaned piglets, 20 days old, 4.69 ± 0.56 kg, were submitted during the nursery phase (20 to 69 days of age) to four treatments: control (CTR)—without any additive supplementation; ENR (with 8 ppm of enramycin throughout), BUT (with 2000 ppm between 20 to 34 d, 1500 ppm between 34 to 48 d and 1000 ppm between 48 to 69 d), and PHYTO (150 ppm between 20 to 48 d). At 62 days old, forty piglets (10 replicates per treatment) were slaughtered to perform bacterial identification through 16S rRNA (V3-V4) sequencing of the caecal content. During the second phase of the trial (34 to 48 days), the BUT group showed higher DWG (P = 0.023) and BW (P = 0.039) than the CTR group, and all groups that received additives had better FCR than the CTR group (P = 0.001). In the last phase of the trial (48 to 69 days), the ENR group presented a better FCR (P = 0.054) than the CRT and other groups. In the total period (20 to 69 days), ENR and BUT showed better FCR (P = 0.006) than CRT. Diarrhoea incident data showed differences (P<0.05), favouring the BUT treatment compared to the CTR. Only theMegasphaeraceaeandStreptococcaceaefamilies showed differences (p<0.05) in relative abundance between CTR and PHYTO and between CTR and BUT, respectively. Differential abundances of theMegasphaeraandStreptococcusgenera were observed between CTR and PHYTO and CTR and BUT. Phytogenics and encapsulated sodium butyrate are able and effective for modulating the specific caecal microbiota, improving performance and controlling diarrhoea occurrence.
Association between severe hepatic steatosis examined by Fibroscan and the risk of high-risk colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Kim Kwang Woo , Kang Hyoun Woo , Yoo Hosun , Jun Yukyung , Lee Hyun Jung , Im Jong Pil , Kim Ji Won , Kim Joo Sung , Koh Seong-Joon , Jung Yong Jin
Published: December 2022

The prevalence of colorectal neoplasm in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has increased twice as high as that in the general population. FibroScan is a new modality for evaluating hepatic steatosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the risk of high-risk colorectal neoplasia and hepatic steatosis examined using FibroScan. This was a cross sectional study of prospectively enrolled subjects who were scheduled to undergo index colonoscopy as a health screening between March 2018 and February 2019. The severity of steatosis was graded as normal, mild, moderate, or severe using FibroScan. A total of 140 consecutive subjects were enrolled and sequentially examined using FibroScan and colonoscopy. Subjects with hepatic steatosis had more high-risk colorectal neoplasia than those without hepatic steatosis. In addition, tumor size was larger in subjects with hepatic steatosis. In multivariable analysis, severe hepatic steatosis was an independent risk factor for high-risk colorectal neoplasia (adjusted odds ratio: 3.309, confidence interval: 1.043–10.498, p = 0.042). Alcohol consumption was also identified as a risk factor for high-risk colorectal neoplasia. In conclusion, severe hepatic steatosis on FibroScan is associated with the development of high-risk colorectal neoplasia. Thus, physicians should be aware of the association between colorectal neoplasia and hepatic steatosis assessed by FibroScan and its clinical implications.
The relationship between spirituality and aggression in the workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study among Iranian nurses
Authors: Harati Hossein , Mohsenipouya Hossein , Mousavinasab Nouraddin , Sangani Alireza , Alam Md. Khorshed , Mamun Mohammed A.
Published: December 2022

Background

Aggression towards nurses in the workplace arises from various reasons, reportedly increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Where aggression can be maintained by spiritual well-being, as it is said that spirituality is a coping skill and psychological well-being maintainer–but there is little known, especially during the pandemic. Thus, this study explored the effect of spirituality on aggression among the nurses working in the COVID-19 wards.

Methods

This cross-sectional data from 200 nurses involved in the COVID-19 patient treatment were collected using a random sampling method from four hospitals in East Mazandaran province, Iran. Responses were collected based on socio-demographics, Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and Paloutzian & Ellison Spiritual Well-being Scale. T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression were applied for data analysis.

Results

The mean age of nurses was 31.49±6.88 (range: 21–48) years. Nurses working in the COVID-19 wards have a mean score of spiritual health of 67.21±12.84 (out of 120), whereas 51.77±10.96 (out of 116) was for aggression. The results showed a significant negative weak correlation between aggression and spiritual health (r = -.285,p<0.01). As per regression analysis, spiritual health [β = -.264], age [β = -.374], and working experience [β = 4.156] were the significant factors associated with aggression (p<0.05).

Conclusions

It is evident that nurses who consider spirituality in their life actions are in a state of reduced negative emotions, such as aggression. Thus, policymakers and managers of the healthcare settings are suggested to promote spirituality among the nurses through spiritual care education, providing the ground for promoting spirituality and a positive attitude towards it.
The heat wave knowledge, awareness, practice and behavior scale: Scale development, validation and reliability
Authors: Sayili Ugurcan , Siddikoglu Esin , Pirdal Betul Zehra , Uygur Abdulkerim , Toplu Ferdane Seyma , Can Gunay
Published: December 2022

Heat waves are extreme weather and climate events that threaten public health by increasing morbidity and mortality. To reduce the health effects of heat waves, it is necessary to increase the knowledge level of the public, conduct awareness and protection activities and monitor these activity outcomes. The present study aimed to develop and validate a Turkish language scale of heat wave knowledge, awareness, practice and behavior for Turkish nationality. After item generation and creating dimensions, content validity analysis was performed. To evaluate the validity and reliability of the knowledge construct, the difficulty index, discriminant index and Kuder Richardson 20 (KR20) were used. The validity and reliability of the awareness, practice and behavior constructs were evaluated with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and Cronbach’s alpha was used. The 15 items had a good difficulty, discrimination index and KR20 in the knowledge construct. The 14 items were yielded in EFA; 13 items were retained in CFA, and Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.878, 0.768, 0.855, and 0.858 were obtained for total items, practice, awareness and behavior, respectively. Eventually, a Turkish language scale was developed that is reliable and valid for assessing heat wave knowledge, awareness, practice and behavior.
Do open-access dermatology articles have higher citation counts than those with subscription-based access?
Authors: Xie Fangyi , Ghozy Sherief , Kallmes David F. , Lehman Julia S.
Published: December 2022

Background

Open-access (OA) publishing is increasingly prevalent in dermatology, and many journals now offer hybrid options, including conventional (subscription-based access [SA]) publishing or OA (with an author publishing charge) in a subscription journal. OA publishing has been noted in many disciplines, but this has been rarely studied in dermatology.

Methods

Using the Clarivate Journal Citation Report, we compiled a list of English-language dermatology hybrid OA journals containing more than 5% OA articles. We sampled any OA review or original research article in 4 issues from 2018 to 2019 and matched an equal number of SA articles. Citation count, citation count excluding self-citations and view counts found using Scopus and Altmetrics score were recorded for each article. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic and negative binomial models using R software.

Results

Twenty-seven hybrid dermatology journals were found, and 538 articles were sampled (269 OA, 269 SA). For both original research and review articles, OA articles had significantly higher mean citation counts (mean 13.2, standard deviation [SD] 17.0) compared to SA articles (mean 7.9, SD 8.8) (odds ratio [OR] 1.04; 95% CI 1.02–1.05; P < .001) including when adjusted for time from publication. Original research OA articles had significantly higher citation counts than original research SA articles (excluding self-citations; OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.05; P = .003), and review articles also had OA citation advantage than review SA articles (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11; P = .008). There was, however, no significant difference in citation counts between review articles and original research articles (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.19–5.31; P = 1.000).

There was no significant difference seen in view counts (OA: mean±SD 17.7±10.8; SA: mean±SD 17.1±12.4) and Altmetric score (OA: mean±SD 13.2±47.8; SA: mean±SD 6.3±25.0) between OA and SA articles. Potential confounders included the fact that more OA articles were published in Europe than in Asia, and pharmaceutical-funded articles were more likely to be published OA.

Conclusions

We noted a higher citation count for OA articles than SA articles in dermatology hybrid journals. However, dermatology researchers should take into account confounding factors when deciding whether to increase the impact of their work by selecting OA over SA publishing.
Small hard drusen and associated factors in early seniority
Authors: Belmouhand Mohamed , Rothenbuehler Simon P. , Dabbah Sami , Bjerager Jakob , Sander Birgit , Hjelmborg Jacob B. , Dalgård Christine , Jensen Rasmus , Larsen Michael
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the ocular and systemic risk profile of the fundus phenotype ≥ 20 small hard (macular) drusen (< 63 μm in diameter).

Methods

This single-center, cross-sectional study of 176 same-sex twin pairs aged 30 to 80 (median 60) years was a component of a framework study of the transition from not having age-related macular degeneration to having early AMD. Drusen categories assessed using fundus photography and optical coherence tomography included small hard drusen (diameter < 63 μm), intermediate soft drusen (63–125 μm), and large soft drusen (> 125 μm), of which the soft drusen are compatible with a diagnosis of AMD.

Results

Having ≥ 20 small hard drusen within or outside the macula was associated with increasing age, lower body mass index, shorter axial length, hyperopia, female sex, increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high alcohol consumption, and with the presence of soft drusen.

Conclusions

Having ≥ 20 small hard drusen was associated with some AMD-related risk factors, but not with smoking, increasing body mass index, and higher blood pressure. Having ≥ 20 small hard drusen was also associated with soft drusen, in agreement with previous studies. These findings suggest that small hard drusen are not an early manifestation of AMD but the product of a distinct process of tissue alteration that promotes the development of AMD or some subtype thereof.
Evaluation method of surrounding rock stability: Failure approach index theory of strain limit analysis for engineering applications
Authors: Xiong Lijun , Yuan Haiping , Li Hengzhe , Wang Yixian , Liu Xiaohu , Ye Chenxu , Wang Wenhui
Published: December 2022

In general, the ultimate parameter selection method of the failure approach index theory among the three-dimensional problems in geotechnical engineering is unclear in theory, and the symbol convention of the failure approach index in engineering calculation is contrary to the stipulation of the numerical simulation software. Hence, the values of the ultimate plastic shear strain are difficult to determine. To solve this problem, the criterion of positive tension and negative compression and the sequence of the principal stress σ1 ≤ σ2 ≤ σ3 are defined in this paper, and the expression of Mohr–Coulomb yield approach index id deduced. Under the condition of the principal strain sequence ε1 ≤ ε2 ≤ ε3, the formula of the ultimate shear strain is derived using the method of the ultimate strain analysis so as to obtain the simple expression and calculation method of the ultimate plastic shear strain, which has provided the calculation parameters for the three-dimensional ultimate plastic shear strain in the Mohr–Coulomb strain softening model and improved the failure approach index theory. In the light of the aforementioned theory, the ultimate strains of cubic concrete specimens are analyzed, and the obtained ultimate strain values are found consistent with previous research findings, which verifies the correctness and reliability of the ultimate strain analysis method. In addition, it is applied to the quantitative elastic–plastic failure analysis of the section coal pillar in Hengjin coal industry for determining its reasonable retainment width. Consequently, the research results can be embraced as the theoretical basis for the stability analysis of geotechnical materials and exhibits engineering application potential.
Using video games to understand sex differences in attentional biases for weapons
Authors: van Heyst Gemma , Shin Myoungju , Sulikowski Danielle
Published: December 2022

Attentional biases for threatening stimuli of various kinds have been repeatedly demonstrated. More recently, sex differences in the strength of visual biases for weapons have been observed, with men exhibiting stronger biases than do women. In the current study we further explored this sex difference, by examining how immediate vicarious experience with weapons (via playing a violent video game compared to playing a non-violent video game) affected the visual attention for weapons. We found that the basic visual bias for weapons compared to non-weapons was replicated, as was the sex difference in the strength of this bias. We also observed that the context produced by playing a violent video game prior to the visual search task, produced some sex differences in responding that were not present after playing the nonviolent video game, providing modest evidence that men may be more prone to cognitive behavioural effects of violent video game play. Interestingly, there was some evidence that both sexes de-prioritised non-weapons during search after playing the violent, relative to the non-violent, video game. We recommend that future studies investigate the task dynamics that may have led to this effect.
A feasibility study of the use of medical clowns as hand-hygiene promoters in hospitals
Authors: Neumark Yehuda , Bar-Lev Adina , Barashi David , Benenson Shmuel
Published: December 2022

Healthcare-acquired infections (HAI) pose vast health and economic burdens. Proper hand-hygiene is effective for reducing healthcare-acquired infections (HAI) incidence, yet staff compliance is generally low. This study assessed the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effect of employing medical clowns to enhance hand-hygiene among physicians and nurses. Staff perception of the intervention and its impact on hand-hygiene was assessed via self-report questionnaires. Nearly 1,500 hand-hygiene compliance observations were conducted in accordance with WHO guidelines before, during and after the intervention. In each of three hospitals in Israel, two departments were selected—one in which medical clowns routinely operate and one clown-naive department. Professional medical clowns acted as hand-hygiene promoters employing humorous tactics to encourage hand-sanitizing based on the WHO "5 Moments" model. The clown appeared in each department seven times during the 2-week intervention phase. Pre-intervention hand-hygiene compliance ranged from just over 50% to 80% across hospitals and departments. Overall, about 70% of nurses (N = 132) and 80% of physicians (N = 49) felt the intervention improved personal and departmental hand-hygiene, with large inter-department variation. Pre- to post-intervention hand-hygiene compliance increased by 4% -25% (3.5–14.8 percentage points) in four departments, three of which had low baseline compliance levels. Results of this feasibility study suggest that employing medical clowns as hand-hygiene promoters as a novel approach toward HAI prevention is feasible and welcome by hospital staff.
Comparing level of food insecurity between households with and without home gardening practices in Zege, Amhara region, North West Ethiopia: Community based study
Authors: Motbainor Achenef , Arega Zerfalem , Tirfie Mulat
Published: December 2022

Background

Globally, close to 1 billion people suffer from hunger and food insecurity. Evidence showed that prevalence of household food insecurity in Ethiopia is ranged from 25.5%-75.8%. Home gardening is one way to alleviate food insecurity. Hence, the study aimed to determine level of food insecurity and its associated factors between home gardening and non-home gardening household in Zegie, North west Ethiopia.

Methods

Community-based study was conducted from February 10th-March 10th/2020. A total of 648 samples were included. First, 2142 total households who have 6–59 months of age children in the area identified and registered. Then, households categorized in to home garden practicing (1433) and non-home garden practicing (709). The calculated sample size, 324 for each group were selected using simple random sampling technique.

Results

The overall prevalence of food insecurity was 38.1% (95% CI: 34.29–42.11%). Food insecurity was significantly higher in non-home gardening groups than their counter parts 45.5% (95% CI: 39.80–51.20%). Having primary education and above (AO = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.25–2.86%), wealth index; 2nd quantile (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25–0.85%), 3rd quantile (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.17–0.62%) and 4th quantile (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.15–0.54%), dietary diversity (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.15–2.92%) and home garden practices (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06–2.32%) were variables significantly associated with food insecurity.

Conclusion

Food insecurity in non-home garden practicing households is higher than practicing households. The local agriculture sector needs to emphasis and empowered households on home gardening practices to realize food security.
Fucosylated haptoglobin is a novel predictive marker of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis C virus elimination in patients with advanced liver fibrosis
Authors: Shirai Kumiko , Hikita Hayato , Sakamori Ryotaro , Doi Akira , Tahata Yuki , Sakane Sadatsugu , Kamada Yoshihiro , Murai Kazuhiro , Nishio Akira , Yamada Ryoko , Kodama Takahiro , Nozaki Yasutoshi , Kakita Naruyasu , Ishida Hisashi , Nakanishi Fumihiko , Morishita Naoki , Imanaka Kazuho , Sakakibara Mitsuru , Tatsumi Tomohide , Miyoshi Eiji , Takehara Tetsuo
Published: December 2022

Background

Patients with advanced fibrosis are at risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) even after hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination. We previously reported that serum fucosylated haptoglobin (Fuc-Hp) levels increase as the disease progresses from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis and then HCC. However, it remains unclear whether serum Fuc-Hp levels can stratify the risk of HCC occurrence after a sustained virological response (SVR) is achieved with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in patients with advanced liver fibrosis.

Methods

Among 3,550 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with DAAs at Osaka University Hospital and related hospitals, the stored sera of 140 patients who were diagnosed with F3 or F4 by liver biopsy before DAA treatment, achieved SVR, and had no history of HCC were available at both baseline and the end of treatment (EOT). We measured the Fuc-Hp levels in these samples.

Results

The median serum levels of Fuc-Hp at EOT were significantly lower than those at baseline. During the 54.4-month follow-up period, 16 of 140 patients developed HCC. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that high Fuc-Hp at EOT, high body mass index (BMI), and low albumin at EOT were independent risk factors for HCC occurrence. Patients with all three factors—high Fuc-Hp, high BMI, and low albumin—had a higher incidence of HCC than patients without these factors.

Conclusions

High serum Fuc-Hp levels at EOT were an independent risk factor for HCC occurrence after SVR. Combined with BMI and albumin, Fuc-Hp can stratify the risk of HCC occurrence among those with advanced fibrosis.
Domestic violence against pregnant women is a potential risk factor for low birthweight in full-term neonates: A population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Ching-Heng , Lin Wei-Szu , Chang Hsiu-Yuan , Wu Shiow-Ing
Published: December 2022

Domestic violence’s most frequently reported outcomes are preterm delivery and low birthweight, both of which are the strongest correlates of mortality and morbidity. Several studies have shown that pregnant women with domestic violence during pregnancy were more likely to deliver low-birthweight and preterm neonates. However, there has been no consensus on associations between domestic violence and low-birthweight and preterm delivery. To examine the impact of domestic violence on birthweight stratified by preterm or full-term delivery, a population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted that linked four national databases in Taiwan. A total of 1,322 subjects associated with a report of domestic violence during pregnancy were compared with 485,981 subjects without any record of reported domestic violence. The percentage of low birthweight in the group exposed to domestic violence was significantly higher than in the unexposed group with full-term delivery (4.9% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that pregnant women exposed to domestic violence had an OR of 1.37 (95% CI 1.05, 1.79) for low birthweight in full-term delivery. However, domestic violence was not significantly associated with low birthweight in preterm delivery. Screening for intimate partner violence in the perinatal health care system should be seen as especially important for women who have had full-term low-birthweight neonates.
Assessing the health impacts of the urban expansion of small cities in China: A case study of Jiawang
Authors: Ge Yifu , He Zhongyu
Published: December 2022

Empirical studies undertaken in developed countries have shown that urban expansion may exert both positive and negative impacts on residents’ health, depending on the planning strategy; however, the impact of rapid urban expansion on public health in developing countries is understudied. This paper takes Jiawang, China, as an example of rapid urban expansion and carries out a health impact assessment (HIA) on its regulatory detailed plan to better understand the interaction of the built environment and public health. We establish an HIA framework and select a series of indicators as health determinants. On this basis, we examine what impact the urban expansion will exert on the health equity of the residents by conducting a bivariate spatial autocorrelation. The finding shows that:1) Urban expansion produces positive health impact through the health determinants of public facilities, road transportation and land use. 2) Urban expansion will reduce health disparities between the old and new town and between the urban and suburban areas, especially between the old and new town. 3) The impact of expansion exerts on health equity will be generally positive. Low-income neighborhoods in the old town will significantly benefit from urban expansion in terms of road traffic and land use, but will not fully benefit in terms of public facilities. Low-income neighborhoods will no longer benefit from the accessibility to commercial facilities and will suffer from health inequities in terms of accessibility to healthcare facilities. 4) The government’s development strategy of emphasizing on an even distribution of public resources will unintentionally contribute to improving health equity. The significant promotion of health equity will mitigate the negative impacts of the previous urban development.
Prophylactic antibiotics on patients with cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Yanying , Qian Baoxin , Zhang Xu , Liu Hua , Han Tao
Published: December 2022

Objective

To evaluate the effect of different prophylactic antibiotic treatments for cirrhosis patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) and to investigate whether prophylactic antibiotics are equally beneficial to reducing the risk of adverse outcomes in A/B with low Child-Pugh scores.

Methods

Relevant studies were searched via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), Wanfang, and VIP databases up to July 16, 2021. The heterogeneity test was conducted for each outcome measuring by I2statistics. Subgroup analysis was performed regarding antibiotic types. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate prophylactic antibiotics on the risk of adverse outcomes in cirrhosis patients with UGIB.

Results

Twenty-six studies involving 12,440 participants fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with a reduced overall mortality (RR: 0.691, 95%CI: 0.518 to 0.923), mortality due to bacterial infections (RR: 0.329, 95%CI: 0.144 to 0.754), bacterial infections (RR: 0.389, 95%CI: 0.340 to 0.444), rebleeding (RR: 0.577, 95%CI: 0.433 to 0.767) and length of hospitalization [weighted mean difference (WMD): -3.854, 95%CI: -6.165 to -1.543] among patients with UGIB. Nevertheless, prophylactic antibiotics may not benefit to A/B population with low Child-Pugh scores. In our subgroup analysis, quinolone, beta-lactams alone or in combination reduced adverse outcomes in cirrhosis patients with UGIB.

Conclusion

Administration of antibiotics was associated with a reduction in mortality, bacterial infections, rebleeding, and length of hospitalization. Quinolone, beta-lactams alone or in combination can be used in cirrhosis patients with UGIB. Nevertheless, targeted efforts are needed to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics among patients with cirrhosis and UGIB.
Combination of androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide with the CDK4/6 inhibitor ribociclib in triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Choupani Edris , Madjd Zahra , Saraygord-Afshari Neda , Kiani Jafar , Hosseini Arshad
Published: December 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC) that currently lacks specific therapy options. Thus, chemotherapy continues to be the primary treatment, and developing novel targets is a top clinical focus. The androgen receptor (AR) has emerged as a therapeutic target in a subtype of TNBC, with substantial clinical benefits shown in various clinical studies. Numerous studies have shown that cancer is associated with changes in components of the cell cycle machinery. Although cell cycle cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors are successful in the treatment of ER-positive BC, they are not helpful in the treatment of patients with TNBC. We investigated the possibility of combining CDK4/6 inhibitor(ribociclib) with AR inhibitor(enzalutamide) in the AR-positive TNBC cell line. Ribociclib showed an inhibitory effect in TNBC cells. Additionally, we found that enzalutamide reduced cell migration/invasion, clonogenic capacity, cell cycle progression, and cell growth in AR-positive cells. Enzalutamide therapy could increase the cytostatic impact of ribociclib in AR+ TNBC cells. Furthermore, dual inhibition of AR and CDK4/6 demonstrated synergy in an AR+ TNBC model compared to each treatment alone.
Resolving drug selection and migration in an inbred South American Plasmodium falciparum population with identity-by-descent analysis
Authors: Carrasquilla Manuela , Early Angela M. , Taylor Aimee R. , Knudson Ospina Angélica , Echeverry Diego F. , Anderson Timothy J. C. , Mancilla Elvira , Aponte Samanda , Cárdenas Pablo , Buckee Caroline O. , Rayner Julian C. , Sáenz Fabián E. , Neafsey Daniel E. , Corredor Vladimir
Published: December 2022

The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is globally widespread, but its prevalence varies significantly between and even within countries. Most population genetic studies in P. falciparum focus on regions of high transmission where parasite populations are large and genetically diverse, such as sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding population dynamics in low transmission settings, however, is of particular importance as these are often where drug resistance first evolves. Here, we use the Pacific Coast of Colombia and Ecuador as a model for understanding the population structure and evolution of Plasmodium parasites in small populations harboring less genetic diversity. The combination of low transmission and a high proportion of monoclonal infections means there are few outcrossing events and clonal lineages persist for long periods of time. Yet despite this, the population is evolutionarily labile and has successfully adapted to changes in drug regime. Using newly sequenced whole genomes, we measure relatedness between 166 parasites, calculated as identity by descent (IBD), and find 17 distinct but highly related clonal lineages, six of which have persisted in the region for at least a decade. This inbred population structure is captured in more detail with IBD than with other common population structure analyses like PCA, ADMIXTURE, and distance-based trees. We additionally use patterns of intra-chromosomal IBD and an analysis of haplotypic variation to explore past selection events in the region. Two genes associated with chloroquine resistance, crt and aat1, show evidence of hard selective sweeps, while selection appears soft and/or incomplete at three other key resistance loci (dhps, mdr1, and dhfr). Overall, this work highlights the strength of IBD analyses for studying parasite population structure and resistance evolution in regions of low transmission, and emphasizes that drug resistance can evolve and spread in small populations, as will occur in any region nearing malaria elimination.
Las obras del famoso poeta Juan de Mena en el contexto filológico del Brocense: las notas de crítica textual
Authors: Casas Rigall Juan
Published: December 2022

Las obras del famoso poeta Juan de Mena editadas por Francisco Sánchez de las Brozas (1582) ofrecen un texto crítico con glosa de los poemas de mayor fundamento clásico, la Coronación y el Laberinto. El comento sigue el patrón de anotación selectiva imperante desde finales del s. XV, y se dirige al escolar en formación o al curioso lector, no tanto al erudito. Los escolios se ocupan principalmente de la exégesis explanatoria del texto y sus fuentes, con un escaso análisis poético y una atención intermedia a la crítica textual. Para fijar el texto, el Brocense no recurre a la tradición manuscrita, pero entresaca variantes de las distintas reimpresiones del Laberinto anotado por Hernán Núñez y otras ediciones menianas del s. XVI, que adopta como vulgatas. Desde aquí, por encima de la enmienda ope codicum, su método se basa más en la conjetura guiada por la ratio gramatical y poética. La menor proporción de notas ecdóticas a Mena —pero también a los autores clásicos y neolatinos— con respecto a la poesía de Garcilaso se debe a que este último trabajo, extraordinario en la producción del Brocense por el análisis de variantes, se benefició de una tradición manuscrita excepcionalmente accesible a Sánchez.
«Ben dizer / se foi perder»: Villasandino y los novísimos
Authors: Toro Pascua María Isabel
Published: December 2022

Se analiza la obra de Villasandino en relación con el contexto literario representado en el Cancionero de Baena. Siguiendo, en lo posible, el criterio cronológico, se atiende a dos aspectos: por un lado, al uso del castellano y del híbrido gallego-castellano de acuerdo tanto con la tipología de sus piezas como con las relaciones poéticas que Villasandino establece a través de ambos, ya sea con otros poetas, o ya sea con los grandes personajes a los que algunas van dirigidas; por otro, a la consideración que toda su obra, tanto la de su primera época como la postrera, tiene entre sus contemporáneos. Tras este análisis, llegamos a varias conclusiones: en primer lugar, constatamos que Villasandino sigue utilizando el gallego-castellano hasta época tardía (al menos hasta 1411), tanto en cantigas, muchas elaboradas por encargo, como en dezires, algunos de ellos como parte de intercambios poéticos, sin que en ningún caso estos usos sean cuestionados por los círculos poéticos; esto indica que tanto el castellano como el híbrido gallego-castellano fueron considerados formas de expresión poética aptas para la cantiga y para el dezir. En segundo lugar, ponemos de manifiesto el prestigio que tanto Villasandino como su obra tuvieron en la corte de Juan II hasta poco antes de la muerte del poeta; en contra de la consideración del autor como un personaje caído en desgracia en los últimos años de su vida —extraída en gran medida de la interpretación de su poesía petitoria en clave biográfica—, defendemos en estas páginas que el de Illescas debió de mantener aún entonces su posición de poeta privilegiado en la corte, en la que, ante las nuevas modas impuestas por los poetas más jóvenes, se dedicó con más asiduidad al cultivo de la poesía relacionada con la burla y el escarnio como parte de su oficio al servicio del monarca, todo ello bajo la impostura del poeta pedigüeño.
Pemanfaatan Media Aktual Lingkungan untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menghitung Perkalian di MIN Yogyakarta II
Authors: Hissoh Karimatul
Published: December 2022

This research aims to improve the ability to calculate the multiplication of grade III-C students in MIN Yogyakarta II. This research uses class action research methods including planning, implementation, observation, and reflection activities. easy to understand mathematics. The right media choices can be a bridge to the difficulty of primary school students in understanding this lesson. learning activities should be able to provide students with a real experience. Students are actively conducting explorations, experiments, testing, discussions or other activities that emphasize students being active in learning by utilizing the surrounding environment. The results showed that Students can see and feel directly in observing, converting the form of multiplication into a form of division, solving everyday problems involving multiplication and converting the multiplication form into a form of division.