bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of educational intervention regarding anaemia and its preventive measures among pregnant women: an interventional study
Authors: Nimbalkar Pankajkumar B. , Patel Jaldhara N. , Thakor Nilesh , Patni Mansi
Published: November 2017

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional deficiency in pregnancy and major contributory factor to maternal morbidity and mortality. Objective of present study was to assess knowledge of pregnant women regarding anaemia and its preventive measures before and after educational interventional training.Methods: The present study was an interventional study undertaken in purposively selected pregnant women attending the out patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar During the month of October 2017. Total 100 pregnant women were included after written informed consent. Baseline knowledge of pregnant women regarding anaemia and its preventive measures was assessed by pre-designed, pre-tested and semi structured questionnaire. Single educational interventional training for 45 minutes was given to selected pregnant women. Post– intervention knowledge of pregnant women for the same was assessed after training. Thus, collected data was analyzed /using Epi info 7.Results: Baseline knowledge of the pregnant women regarding causes, signs and symptoms of anemia and dietary sources of iron was 21%, 23% and 40% respectively which was significantly increased to 64%, 66% and 72% respectively after the intervention. Baseline knowledge of the pregnant women regarding factors which inhibit and increase iron absorption was 25% and 4% respectively which was significantly increased to 55% and 41 % respectively after the intervention. Baseline knowledge of the pregnant women regarding treatment of anaemia was 30% which was significantly increased to 79 % after the intervention.Conclusions: There was significant improvement in the knowledge regarding anaemia and its preventive measures among pregnant women after our single educational session.
Authors: Soliani Rodrigo Duarte
Published: November 2017

O objetivo desta pesquisa é caracterizar a logística reversa e seu potencial de viabilização da PNRS. O estudo trouxe descrições e análises baseadas em informações levantadas por meio de uma metodologia qualitativa estruturada em torno da técnica de leitura de fontes secundárias. A logística reversa, pela sua forma de atuação, se confirma como um instrumento para a viabilização dos objetivos da política estabelecida para os resíduos, destinado os produtos ao reuso, remanufatura ou reciclagem. Trata-se de um processo que faz parte dos objetivos da política de resíduos, estabelecida por lei, e sua ação constitui suporte para a sustentabilidade das empresas e, principalmente, a contribuição para a preservação ambiental. Assim, a logística reversa integra a política de resíduos como instrumento para sua prática e a perspectiva para a realidade brasileira é enfrentar desafios, mas vislumbrar oportunidades para as organizações.
Authors: RIPP Rita Inês Paetzhold Pauli , Dutra Eduardo Gilvan
Published: November 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar a dinâmica de desenvolvimento do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar nas escolas estaduais do município de Santiago-RS, especificamente no concernente aos aspectos qualitativos da alimentação dos alunos. Os procedimentos metodológicos compreendem além da revisão da literatura especializada  e documental, um estudo empírico de análise realizado a partir de uma investigação efetuada à informantes institucionais qualificados e incursões diretas em todas as escolas estaduais do município de Santiago –RS. Conclui-se que em 2014, houve uma diferença média de 51,37% em relação a alocação dos recursos financeiros do PNAE e à aplicação em alimentos da agricultura familiar, caracterizando problemas na oferta. Verificou-se discrepância na proporção quantitativa de alimentos por aluno nas diferentes escolas, bem como no comércio descentralizado em relação a entidade articuladora.
Authors: Matte Júnior Alexandre Aloys , De Alves Darlã
Published: November 2017

Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão sistemática com o objetivo de avaliar a Teoria dos Polos de Crescimento, de François Perroux, e seus consequentes impactos regionais, focando principalmente no âmbito nacional. Buscou-­se publicações que abordassem tal teoria aplicada a um estudo de caso ou que fizessem revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema. Para tanto, foram selecionadas publicações das bases Scielo, Periódicos CAPES e Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). Os resultados apontam que, apesar de ter sido desenvolvida há algumas décadas atrás, a teoria de Perroux continua sendo um importante instrumento de análise regional, dada sua importante contribuição.
A Research Experience Collecting Data Online: Advantages and Barriers
Authors: Jones Malena
Published: November 2017

This article details the use of an online survey tool to obtain information from nurse faculty, including the data collection process, the survey responses by nurse faculty, and the advantages and barriers of online data collection. The survey response rate indicates that online data collection is a valuable tool for nurse researchers.
Nursing Students and Medication Errors: Why Don't They Question?
Authors: Schneidereith Tonya
Published: November 2017

In health care, efforts have been aimed at reducing medication errors rates; yet, medication errors continue to affect approximately 5% of hospitalized patients. In health care education, simulation provides nursing students a safe opportunity for hands-on medication administration, often including dosage calculation. However, the safety checks associated with medication administration—including the Five Rights—are frequently overlooked. Although the efforts aimed toward increasing medication safety include external factors (such as environmental measures and electronic resources), recent observations in simulation suggest a different problem. When medication orders are incorrect, many students do not know whom, how, or what to question to correct the mistake. This article describes two semesters with senior undergraduate nursing students in simulation and provides explanations, in their own words, for why they did not correct the mistake but caused a medication error instead. By recognizing and overcoming the barriers that inhibit questioning, educators can teach students how to form questions, whom to question, and when to ask questions.
Open Innovation Learning
Authors: Ing David
Published: November 2017

Organizations embark on open innovation initiatives to sweep in external knowledge, practices and resources in cooperation with partners. This contrasts to the mainstream private innovation approach of in-house research and development sponsored solely by an incorporated funder, with intellectual property protected by copyright. Few organizations simultaneously engage in both approaches. How does learning occur in such an organization -- and the communities of members within the organization -- in both cumulative and distributed ways?

The open innovation learning exhibited by IBM in the decade of 2001-2011 provides a foundation for building both descriptive theories and normative theories. Legal protocols for open source licensing began in 1998, and "open innovation" became popular in the business press from 2003. At the beginning of the 2001-2011 period, a behaviour of open sourcing by commercial enterprises departed from a tradition of private sourcing that presumes trade secrets for competitive advantage that maintaining economic viability. After a decade, Open Sourcing while Private Sourcing (OSwPS) had been demonstrated as a successful way of doing business at IBM, and had also become adopted by other companies and institutions.

The primary method employed to appreciate the phenomenon of OSwPS is multiparadigm inquiry. Theories are developed inductively from seven case studies, characterized in five containing contexts over the period, in a process orientation observing events, activities and choices ordered over time. Three descriptive theories have been built in parallel perspectives based on contrasting philosophies. Pursuit of a normative theory subsequently led to the proposal of additional hypotheses.

Emerging theories of open innovation learning challenge a presumption that commercial and non-commercial interests are incompatible. Open sourcing while private sourcing is a demonstrable way of conducting a viable business.
Asociación entre factores de riesgo cardio-metabólicos, actividad física y sedentarismo en universitarios chilenos
Authors: Morales Illanes Gladys Ruth , Balboa-Castillo Teresa , Muñoz Navarro Sergio , Belmar Mardones Carlos , Soto Venegas Álvaro , Schifferli Castro Ingrid , Guillen-Grima Francisco
Published: November 2017

Introducción: Existe una amplia evidencia en población adulta, que un alto nivel de actividad física, y un bajo nivel de sedentarismo, se asocian de forma independiente con una reducción de los Factores de Riesgo Cardio-Metabólico (FRCM). Esta asociación ha sido poco estudiada en población joven y los resultados no son concluyentes.Objetivo: Estimar la asociación entre FRCM, actividad física y sedentarismo en estudiantes universitarios chilenos.Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. Muestra de 326 estudiantes matriculados el año 2014 en la Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco-Chile, seleccionados en forma aleatoria, estratificada según facultad, carrera y sexo. Se evaluó antropometría, presión arterial, perfil lipídico, glicemia, insulinorresistencia, consumo de tabaco y alcohol. Estas variables se asociaron con los Niveles de Actividad Física (NAF) y sedentarismo de acuerdo al cuestionario IPAQ.Resultados: Los estudiantes con un NAF bajo tuvieron mayor probabilidad de tener obesidad abdominal [OR: 4,68; IC95% 1,86-11,73], síndrome metabólico [OR: 3,80; IC 95% 1,23-11,73] y triglicéridos elevados [OR: 2,61 IC95%; 1,18-5,75], en comparación con aquellos estudiantes que realizaban un NAF moderado o vigoroso (p<0,05). No se observó asociación entre FRCM y sedentarismo, incluso luego de ajustar por actividad física.Conclusión: Encontramos asociación entre FRCM y NAF, que fue independiente del sedentarismo. Es de suma importancia implementar programas de actividad física efectivos en las universidades, motivando  a los estudiantes a incrementar los NAF a rangos moderado y vigoroso con el fin de reducir el riesgo cardiovascular. Consideramos que es necesario seguir investigando la asociación entre sedentarismo y FRCM.
Desain Pemberdayaan Guru Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Melalui Pelatihan Metode Pembelajaran Inovatif
Authors: Saputro Budiyono
Published: November 2017

The use of innovative methods by teachers in learning makes students be more critical and can increase students’absorption. Based on the facts in the reality, Islamic Elementary School (MI) teachers are mostly alumni of Islamic Education (PAI). It is proven by the fact that MI teachers throughout Ngablak District, Magelang Regency are dominantly Islamic Education graduates. This type of empowerment is based on qualitative research. The subject of the empowerment is MI class, teachers throughout Ngablak District, Magelang Regency. Data sources are obtained through observation, questionnaire adn Focus Group Discussion. The observation result finds that 100% of science (IPA). Teachers of MI in Ngablak have difficulties in delivering IPA materials using innovative methods and 100% are interested in training. The empowerment design of IPA teachers at MI is as the following: the factual use of IPA learning methods in the field, training in innovative learning methods of IPA and output (application of innovative learning methods in the classroom).إستخدام أساليب مبتكرة التى تستخدم المعلم فى التعلّم أن يجعل الطلاب لمتزايد الأهمية ولزيادة إستيعابهم. إستنادا إلى الوقائع فى الميدان، كثيرا من المعلمين المدرسة الإبتدائية متخرجون عن شعبة الدراسات الإسلمية. كما أن يكون فى مدرسة الإبتدائية "نجابلاء ماجلانج" بأنّ المعلمين فيها متخرجون من شعبة الدراسات الإسلامية. من بيان السابقة يحتاج المعالجة فى توجيه المادة العلومية خصوصا فى استخدام أساليب التعليمية هذا من تمكين البحث النوعي. كان معلم المدرسة الإبتدائية نجابلاء ماجلانج من موضوع التمكين وجد مصادر البيانات بطريقة المباشرة والملاحظة ومناقشة مجموعة التركيز (FDG) ومنها أن 100 % شعر معلم المادة العلومية فى مدرسة الإبتدائية نجابلاء ماجلانج صعبا فى توجيه المادة العلومية بطريقة مبتكرة إلى 100 % يحتاج المعلم لمتابعة التدريبات. تصميم تمكين المعلم العلومية فى مدرسة الإبتدائية كما يلي: إستخدام طريقة تعليم العلومية فى المجال أساليب تعليم العلومية التى مبتكرة ومتخرج.
Double‐Crop Soybean Response to Potassium on Mid‐Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont Soils
Authors: Parvej Md. Rasel , Williams Anna S. , Holshouser David L. , Frame William H. , Reiter Mark S.
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas

Soil K at 0‐ to 15 and 0‐ to 30‐cm depths were excellent in predicting double‐crop soybean relative yield.

Double‐crop soybean required more fertilizer K to maximize yield than current recommendations.

Fertilizer‐K rate can be reduced if recommendations are made based on 0‐ to 30‐cm than 0‐ to 15‐cm depth.

Double‐crop yield response to fertilizer K depended on soil K but not on wheat straw management.

Straw management may not be an issue in recommending fertilizer K based on soil K at 0‐ to 30‐cm depth.

Potassium fertilization research on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] double cropped with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is lacking. We characterized double‐crop soybean response to fertilizer K across 22 Coastal Plain and Piedmont sites with and/or without wheat straw removal during 2013 to 2015. Mehlich‐1 soil‐K concentrations at 0‐ to 15‐ and 0‐ to 30‐cm depths were better in explaining relative yield variability (r2 = 0.80), defining critical soil‐K concentrations that ranged from 40 to 75 mg K kg−1 for 0‐ to 15‐cm and 36 to 66 mg K kg−1 for 0‐ to 30‐cm depths, and identifying K‐deficient sites (100% accurate) than soil‐K concentration at 0‐ to 60‐cm depth (r2 = 0.48; 56% accurate). Critical soil‐K concentration at 0‐ to 30‐cm depth did not change with wheat straw management, but slightly increased at 0‐ to 15‐cm depth when straw was removed. The R2 leaf‐K concentration with a critical range of 20 to 23 g K kg−1 was better (75% accurate) in diagnosing K deficiency than V5 plant‐K concentration (50% accurate) with a critical range of 17 to 23 g K kg−1. Double‐crop soybean required 33 to 119% more fertilizer K than Virginia Cooperative Extension recommendations for ≤50 mg soil‐K kg−1 at 0‐ to 15‐cm depth, but 6 to 55% less fertilizer K for similar soil K concentration at 0‐ to 30‐cm depth. Wheat straw management should not be an issue of concern for fertilizer‐K recommendations based on soil‐K concentration at 0‐ to 30‐cm depth for double‐crop soybean production on Coastal Plain and Piedmont soils.
Maize Cultivar Performance under Diverse Organic Production Systems
Authors: Huffman Ryan D. , Abel Craig A. , Pollak Linda M. , Goldstein Walter , Pratt Richard C. , Smith Margaret E. , Montgomery Kevin , Grant Lois , Edwards Jode W. , Scott M. Paul
Published: November 2017

Maize (Zea mays L.) performance can vary widely between different production systems. The need for high‐performing hybrids for organic systems with wide adaptation to various macroenvironments is becoming increasingly important. The goal of this study was to characterize inbred lines developed by distinct breeding programs for their combining ability and hybrid yield performance across diverse organic environments. Parent lines were selected from five different breeding programs to give a sample of publically available germplasm with potential for use in organic production systems with expired plant variety protection (Ex‐PVP) and current commercial inbreds as benchmarks. A North Carolina Design II mating design was used to produce all possible cross combinations between seven lines designated as males and seven lines designated as females. A significantly positive general combining ability for the female inbred UHF134 suggests that it performs well in hybrid combination. Significant general combining ability was not observed for any male inbred line in this study. Several significantly positive specific combining abilities suggest that nonadditive genetic effects play an important role in determining yield in this germplasm. Further analysis revealed that hybrids containing either an Ex‐PVP line or a commercial inbred line were on average superior to hybrids containing only inbreds developed by the cooperators of this study. This demonstrates the utility of testing inbreds from diverse sources when developing hybrids for organic production systems.
Quantitative Analysis of Water Infiltration in Soil Cores Using X‐Ray
Authors: Weller Ulrich , Leuther Frederic , Schlüter Steffen , Vogel Hans-Jörg
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas

Water can be quantitatively detected in soil with X‐ray radiography.

We developed an easy calibration method to correct for beam hardening.

We also eliminated drift of X‐ray attenuation values due to detector latency.

X‐ray radiography is a suitable approach to study water dynamics in undisturbed soil. However, beam hardening impairs the deduction of soil moisture changes from X‐ray attenuation, especially when studying infiltration of water into cylindrical soil columns. We developed a calibration protocol to correct for beam hardening effects that enables the quantitative determination of changing average water content in two‐dimensional projections. The method works for a broad range of materials and is easy to implement. Moreover, we studied the drift of X‐ray attenuation values due to the detector latency and eliminated its contribution to the quantitative analysis. Finally we could visualize the dynamics of infiltrating water into undisturbed cylindrical soil samples.
Synthesis of Thymol Derivatives as Potential Non-Irritant Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Agents
Authors: El-Miligy Mostafa M.M. , Hazzaa Aly A. , El-Zemity Saad R. , Al-Kubeisi Ahmed K.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Thymol has been reported to have a variety of antimicrobial and insecticidal activities but it has irritation side effect due to its phenolic nature.

Methods:

A new series of potential non-irritant non-phenolic thymol derivatives were designed to hybridize the well-known biologically active thymol scaffold with various five membered heterocyclic antimicrobial and insecticidal pharmacophores like 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-triazole, thiazole and 4-thiazolidinone through different spacers. The target compounds were biologically evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal activities.

Results:

Compounds 4b and 9c showed weak antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B.subtilis with the inhibition zone diameters ranging from 2 to 7 mm and 4 mm respectively compared with ciprofloxacin with the inhibition zone diameter of 21 mm. Compounds 9a, 7d and 13b showed weak antibacterial compounds against B. subtilis with inhibition zone diameters 4, 4 and 6 mm respectively. Compounds 12b, 9c and 7a showed 20% insecticidal activity at a concentration of 0.157 mg/cm2 for each compound against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Compound 6 showed moderate larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens with 40% mortality at a concentration of 1000 ppm.

Conclusion:

Compound 9c showed weak dual antimicrobial and insecticidal activities.
CdSe Species Decorated TiO2 Nanotubes Film Via Chemical Bath Deposition for Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance
Authors: Lai Chin Wei , Lau Kung Shiuh , Abd Samad Nur Azimah , Chou Pui May
Published: November 2017

Background:

The conversion of sunlight to electrical power has been dominated by solidstate
junction devices, often made of silicon. However, this dominance is now being challenged by
the emergence of the new generation of water splitting cell (integration of photovoltaic system with
an electrolyzer to generate clean and portable H2 energy carrier. This cell normally is based on
nanocrystalline materials, which offers the prospect of cheap fabrication together with other attractive
feature such as high chemical stability and flexibility in aqueous solution under evolving oxygen
(O2) gases. However, nanocrystalline materials are facing few drawback such as recombination
losses of charge carriers and less response under visible spectrum. Therefore, an effort to minimize
the recombination losses of charge carriers and extended the spectral response of TiO2 NTs into visible
spectrum by incorporating an optimum amount of lower band gap and suitable band edge position
semiconductor (cadmium selenide [CdSe]) into the lattice of TiO2 NTs.

Methods:

An efficient approach has been demonstrated in this research work to enhance the solardriven
photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance by decorating CdSe species into
highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) film through a facile and cost-effective chemical bath
deposition. Morphology, chemical properties, and electronic structures have been studied.

Results:

A maximum photocurrent density of ~2.50 mA/cm2 at 0.6V versus Ag/AgCl electrode was
exhibited by TiO2 NTs with the presence of approximately 1 at % of CdSe species. The presence of
CdSe species offered an improvement of photocurrent density under solar irradiation due to the
effective mediators to trap the photo-induced electrons and minimizes the recombination of charge
carriers within the lattice of TiO2 NTs.

Conclusion:

Hybrid CdSe-TiO2 NTs were successfully fabricated through chemical bath deposition
method in order to study the synergistic coupling effect of CdSe with TiO2 NTs on the PEC
performance. By bathing pure TiO2 NTs film in a 5 mM CdSe precursor solution extensively covered
by approximately 1 at % CdSe exhibited the highest jp of 2.50 mA/cm2 among the samples. However,
excessive deposition (≥5 mM) was neither negatively affected by the self-organized NTs nor
decreased in jp. This condition inferred that higher ionic product (Cd and Se ions) leaded to rapid
ion-by-ion condensation or adsorption of colloidal particles clogged the opening pore’s mouth of
TiO2 NTs. Thus, an improvement in the photoresponse was observed when optimum amount (~ 1 at
%) of the CdSe was deposited on TiO2 NTs film.
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES IN MATHEATICS AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Krishnan J. Navaneetha , Devanesan P. Paul
Published: November 2017

The major aim of teaching Mathematics is to develop problem solving skill among the students. This article aims to find out the problem solving strategies and to test the students’ ability in using these strategies to solve problems. Using sample survey method, four hundred students were taken for this investigation. Students’ achievement in solving problems was tested for their Identification and Application of Problem Solving Strategies as a major finding, thirty one percent of the students’ achievement in mathematics is contributed by Identification and Application of Problem Solving Strategies.
Impacts of Urban Agriculture on the Determinants of Health: Scoping Review Protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Audate Pierre Paul , Fernandez Melissa A , Cloutier Geneviève , Lebel Alexandre
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Since the 1990s, urban agriculture (UA) has contributed to improving food security in low- and middle- income countries. Now, it is implemented as a multifunctional intervention that can influence various determinants of health (eg, food security, social relationships). Studies of interest stem from several research disciplines, use a wide range of methods, and show results that are sometimes inconsistent. Current studies have not summarized the overall effects of UA on health and its determinants.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this protocol is to develop a research strategy for a scoping review that characterizes studies of beneficial and adverse impacts of UA on health and its determinants in a wide range of disciplines.

METHODS

Initially, with the help of a library specialist, a list of publications will be obtained through a systematic search of seven electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE (Embase), CINAHL Plus with full text, Academic Search Premier (EBSCO host), CAB Abstract (Ovid), and Web of Science. Secondly, a three-step screening by two independent reviewers will lead to a list of relevant publications that meet eligibility and inclusion criteria. Finally, data on the bibliography, type of participants, type of study, results of study, and countries will be extracted from included articles and analyzed to be presented in a peer-reviewed article.

RESULTS

The findings are expected to identify research gaps that will inform needs for UA research in specific fields (eg, mental health), among certain population groups (eg, adults) or within different economic contexts (eg, low-, middle-, or high-income countries). Furthermore, the findings are expected to identify knowledge gaps and direct future research needs.

CONCLUSIONS

This is an original study that seeks to integrate beneficial and adverse effects of UA on health at different level of influence (individuals, households, and community) in order to facilitate a better understanding of UA impacts. This protocol is a first of its kind and is expected to lead to a characterization of UA impacts based on sociodemographic profiles of participants and income levels of the studied countries. This will be relevant for policy makers and UA practitioners.
A Role for New Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Modalities in Daily Clinical Practice: Protocol of the Prediction of Cognitive Recovery After Stroke (PROCRAS) Study (Preprint)
Authors: Aben Hugo P , Reijmer Yael D , Visser-Meily Johanna MA , Spikman Jacoba M , de Bresser Jeroen , Biessels Geert Jan , de Kort Paul LM
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Cognitive impairment is common after acute ischemic stroke, affecting up to 75% of the patients. About half of the patients will show recovery, whereas the others will remain cognitively impaired or deteriorate. It is difficult to predict these different cognitive outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to investigate whether diffusion tensor imaging–based measures of brain connectivity predict cognitive recovery after 1 year, in addition to patient characteristics and stroke severity. A specific premise of the Prediction of Cognitive Recovery After Stroke (PROCRAS) study is that it is conducted in a daily practice setting.

METHODS

The PROCRAS study is a prospective, mono-center cohort study conducted in a large teaching hospital in the Netherlands. A total of 350 patients suffering from an ischemic stroke who screen positive for cognitive impairment on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA<26) in the acute stage will undergo a 3Tesla-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (3T-MRI) with a diffusion-weighted sequence and a neuropsychological assessment. Patients will be classified as being unimpaired, as having a mild vascular cognitive disorder, or as having a major vascular cognitive disorder. One year after stroke, patients will undergo follow-up neuropsychological assessment. The primary endpoint is recovery of cognitive function 1 year after stroke in patients with a confirmed poststroke cognitive disorder. The secondary endpoint is deterioration of cognitive function in the first year after stroke.

RESULTS

The study is already ongoing for 1.5 years, and thus far, 252 patients have provided written informed consent. Final results are expected in June 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

The PROCRAS study will show the additional predictive value of diffusion tensor imaging-based measures of brain connectivity for cognitive outcome at 1 year in patients with a poststroke cognitive disorder in a daily clinical practice setting.

REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER

RR1-10.2196/9431
Stigma and Its Association With Glycemic Control and Hypoglycemia in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Brazeau Anne-Sophie , Nakhla Meranda , Wright Michael , Henderson Mélanie , Panagiotopoulos Constadina , Pacaud Daniele , Kearns Patricia , Rahme Elham , Da Costa Deborah , Dasgupta Kaberi
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Qualitative studies in type 1 diabetes indicate that visibility of diabetes supplies, self-care, and hypoglycemia symptoms are associated with stigma and suboptimal management. This may be particularly salient in youth who face concurrent challenges such as establishing autonomy and making vocational choices.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study was to estimate stigma prevalence in youth (aged 14-24 years) with type 1 diabetes and its associations with glycemic control.

METHODS

Participants, recruited largely through social media, were asked to complete a Web-based survey and to send via mail capillary blood samples for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement. The primary definition of stigma required endorsement of one or more of 3 stigma-specific items of the Barriers to Diabetes Adherence questionnaire. These addressed avoidance of diabetes management with friends present, difficulty telling others about diabetes diagnosis, and embarrassment in performing diabetes care with others present. Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c>9% (ie, >75 mmol/mol; measured value when available, else self-report) and/or ≥1 severe hypoglycemic episode in the previous year (reported requiring assistance from someone else during the episode). Stigma prevalence was computed (95% CI), and associations with glycemic control were evaluated (multivariate logistic regression models).

RESULTS

Among the 380 respondents, stigma prevalence was 65.5% (95% CI 60.7-70.3). Stigma was associated with a 2-fold higher odds of poor glycemic control overall (odds ratio [OR] 2.25, 95% CI 1.33-3.80; adjusted for age, sex, and type of treatment). There were specific associations with both HbA1c>9% (75 mmol/mol; OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.36-6.86) and severe hypoglycemia in the previous year (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.05-3.31).

CONCLUSIONS

There is a high prevalence of stigma in youth with type 1 diabetes that is associated with both elevated HbA1c levels and severe hypoglycemia. Targeted strategies to address stigma are needed.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02796248; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02796248 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6yisxeV0B)
Gene therapy: evidence, value and affordability in the US health care system
Authors: Hampson Grace , Towse Adrian , Pearson Steven D , Dreitlein William B , Henshall Chris
Published: November 2017

Aims:
To explore the challenges presented by gene therapies, discuss potential solutions, and present policy recommendations.
Methods:
A review of the literature and series of expert interviews were conducted and discussed at a Policy Forum convened by The Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER). The Policy Forum was attended by independent experts and senior representatives from 20 payer organizations and life sciences companies.
Results:
Three categories of challenges are identified: evidence generation, assessing value and affordability. Possible solutions and policy recommendations are presented for each of the three main categories of challenges.
Conclusions:
Gene therapies present exciting opportunities, but also pose major challenges. Dialogue between manufacturers and payers around the issues and possible solutions is crucial.
Validación de una Escala sobre Work Engagement. Perfiles asociados a alta Performance y Satisfacción Laboral
Authors: Lupano Perugini María Laura , De la Iglesia Guadalupe , Castro Solano Alejandro , Fernández Liporace Mercedes
Published: November 2017

El objetivo principal de este estudio consistía en la validación de una escala para la evaluación del work engagement -compromiso con el trabajo-, considerado como una presencia psicológica en el rol que incluye atención, absorción y energía dirigida a tareas laborales. Mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio, estimación de la consistencia interna y evidencias de validez convergente y discriminante, se confirma que la Escala Argentina de Compromiso con el Trabajo es una prueba válida y confiable para su uso en población argentina. Además, se buscó analizar si existen diferencias en los niveles de work engagement de acuerdo con variables individuales y organizacionales. Se observaron mayores niveles de atención y absorción en sujetos de menor edad y menores niveles de atención en empleados con personal a cargo. Por último, se identificaron perfiles de engagement asociados a alta performance y satisfacción laboral.
INVESTIGACIÓN CUALITATIVA EN CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD
Authors: Figueredo Borda Natalie
Published: November 2017

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo exponer una de las estrategias más utilizadas en la investigación social-sanitaria, como lo es la Etnografía.  Asimismo, demostrar las ventajas de su utilización a los profesionales de las Ciencias de la Salud. Se hace referencia a las formas de Etnografía más empleadas en investigaciones sanitarias con las formas de recolección de información características de cada una. El artículo presenta ejemplos de estudios que aplicaron las diferentes formas  de esta estrategia  en el área de la salud.
THE METHOD OF JAMES SPRADLEY IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Authors: Garrido Norman
Published: November 2017

This paper shows the Developmental Research Sequence Method (DRS Method) developed by James Spradley. This procedure is among one of the most important global approaches in qualitative research. The strategy of Spradley was designed in a didactic way to guide the work of junior researchers whose main technique for the collection of data is the ethnographic interview. The fieldwork turns the observer into a research tool. Thus, there are necessary procedural recommendations for the proper study of the people in their life settings such as workplaces, neighborhoods, hospitals and schools, among others, spaces where individuals develop their daily lives. The basic orientations for the observation and the processing of the information are shown in a sequence of steps. The data comes from the study of phenomena, related to various branches of the social and health sciences, where people are studied in their life context  The steps in this method create frameworks that guide the way to perform the analysis of the information. Hence, the researcher receives suggestions that place him constantly between the analysis of data and the collection of information in the field work. The use of this type of recursive technique allows him to adapt the observation, based on the questions and objectives of the study that has been carried out. It is of great help for obtaining data to guide the research towards connected results in the process of knowing, describing and getting recommendations to intervene in the contexts studied.
LA AUTOETNOGRAFÍA INTERPRETATIVA PARA HUMANIZAR LA INVESTIGACIÓN SOCIAL EN CONTEXTOS TRANSFRONTERIZOS LATINOAMERICANOS
Authors: Zapata Sepúlveda Pamela
Published: November 2017

Este manuscrito tiene como objetivo conectar el momento actual de la Investigación Cualitativa contemporánea con la audiencia de investigación cualitativa latinoamericana desde una aproximación interdisciplinaria. Para ello se expondrán los principales enunciados que sitúan la investigación cualitativa desde la tradición de la autoetnografía interpretativa, entendida como una forma de investigación crítica que busca, entre otros fines, sensibilizar, evocar y transformar realidades a partir de la escritura experimental como forma de investigar. Esta metodología, ampliamente empleada en proyectos de investigación en países angloparlantes para abordar injusticias y problemas que afectan las vidas de personas sin voz, permite relevar conocimientos desde lo auto, lo etno, a lo social. En el presente manuscrito se realiza una reseña bibliográfica acerca del método y un ejemplo tomado a partir de la experiencia de trabajo de campo en el proyecto Fondecyt regular Nº 1160869 “Relaciones e interacciones sociales de niños hijos de inmigrantes y niños chilenos en las escuelas de Arica”. Se discute las aplicaciones y los aportes de esta metodología para la investigación social desde la voz de una mujer latinoamericana que desarrolla su línea de investigación desde una región fronteriza, y cómo estas metodologías pueden atender a los cuidados de los participantes de los estudios.
¿Solos con su cuerpo? Capacidad de los adolescentes para actos médicos en Argentina
Authors: Lafferriere Jorge Nicolas
Published: November 2017

El Código Civil y Comercial de la Argentina en su artículo 26 introduce un sistema gradual de capacidad para las personas menores de edad en relación a los tratamientos médicos. Partiendo de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño y de las leyes de Salud Sexual y de derechos del paciente, estudiaremos el artículo, sus fundamentos y la distinción entre los tipos de tratamientos médicos  y las edades del niño. También analizaremos las otras disposiciones sobre la responsabilidad parental y las leyes especiales referidas a temas de salud que continúan vigentes. Procuraremos mostrar que la mayoría de edad anticipada en materia médica tuvo origen en el contexto de los debates sobre el acceso de adolescentes a los anticonceptivos y que la extensión que realiza el nuevo Código Civil a todos los “tratamientos médicos” resulta problemática, desordenada, insuficiente y contradictoria con otras normas recientes.
The glycosylated haemoglobin A1c and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Republic of Srpska: A cross sectional study
Authors: Stanivuk Ljiljana , Mirjanic-Azaric Bosa , Vasiljevic Nadja
Published: November 2017

Background/Aim. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is currently the gold standard for glucose monitoring in the patients with diabetes. The aim of the present study was to examine the level of success in implementing international guideline targets with regard to glycaemic control in the patients with type 2 diabetes in the Republic of Srpska. This study also aimed to determine the association of albuminuria with the glycaemic control and lipid levels in this patient population. Methods. The participating diabetic patients were those registered in the project titled ??Estimation of the quality of glycoregulation and presence of vascular complications in the persons with diabetes in the Republic of Srpska.? The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study including 1037 patients. HbA1c was determined by a turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay used Roche Diagnostics. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C were determined by reagents from Roche Diagnostics (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) as well as albumin and creatinine in the urine. Results. Mean value for HbA1c was 7.35 ? 1.61% (57 ? 18 mmol/moL). The 49.46% of all participants achieved target values of HbA1c (< 7% or 53 mmol/moL) and 40.30% had albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) < 30 mg/g. When the patients were divided according to HbA1c (with HbA1c < 7%, 519 patients, and HbA1c ? 7.0%, 510 patients) the ACR values were different between these groups (39.00 vs. 79.50, p < 0.001). We found no significant difference with respect to lipid status between the groups. Conclusion. The patients with type 2 diabetes in the Republic of Srpska, in a large percentage, did not meet targets for glycaemic control. Improvements are necessary in the treatment and maintenance of this disease process to ensure achievement of goals in management of diabetes, which in turn would decrease longstanding complications of type 2 diabetes.
Disparities in Environmental Exposures to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Diabetes Risk in Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Ruiz Daniel , Becerra Marisol , Jagai Jyotsna S. , Ard Kerry , Sargis Robert M.
Published: November 2017

Burgeoning epidemiological, animal, and cellular data link environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to metabolic dysfunction. Disproportionate exposure to diabetes-associated EDCs may be an underappreciated contributor to disparities in metabolic disease risk. The burden of diabetes is not uniformly borne by American society; rather, this disease disproportionately affects certain populations, including African Americans, Latinos, and low-income individuals. The purpose of this study was to review the evidence linking unequal exposures to EDCs with racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic diabetes disparities in the U.S.; discuss social forces promoting these disparities; and explore potential interventions. Articles examining the links between chemical exposures and metabolic disease were extracted from the U.S. National Library of Medicine for the period of 1966 to 3 December 2016. EDCs associated with diabetes in the literature were then searched for evidence of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic exposure disparities. Among Latinos, African Americans, and low-income individuals, numerous studies have reported significantly higher exposures to diabetogenic EDCs, including polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, multiple chemical constituents of air pollution, bisphenol A, and phthalates. This review reveals that unequal exposure to EDCs may be a novel contributor to diabetes disparities. Efforts to reduce the individual and societal burden of diabetes should include educating clinicians on environmental exposures that may increase disease risk, strategies to reduce those exposures, and social policies to address environmental inequality as a novel source of diabetes disparities.
Effects of At-home Bleaching in Smokers: 30-month Follow-up
Authors: de Geus JL , Fernández E , Kossatz S , Loguercio AD , Reis A
Published: November 2017

Objective:

This clinical study evaluated the color longevity after 30 months of at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) in smokers and nonsmokers.

Methods:

Sixty patients, 30 smokers and 30 nonsmokers, were subjected to bleaching with 10% CP (Whiteness Perfect–FGM) for three hours daily for three weeks. The color was measured at baseline and at one month and 30 months after the completion of dental bleaching using the shade guide Vita classical organized by value (ΔSGU) and the shade guide Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER. At the 30-month recall, the color was assessed before and after dental prophylaxis. Data from color evaluation were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey test for the contrast of means (α=0.05).

Results:

Twenty-one smokers and 22 nonsmokers attended the 30 month recall. For both shade guides, only the main factor of assessment time was statistically significant (p<0.001). Effective whitening was observed in both groups at the baseline, which was stable at one month. However, color rebound was observed after 30 months for both groups of participants when color was measured before and after dental prophylaxis.

Conclusion:

Thirty months after at-home bleaching with 10% CP gel, dental darkening was detected in both groups, which cannot be solely attributed to stains caused by extrinsic staining from daily food, drinks, and smoke (in smokers).
CARACTERIZACION DE LA PULPA DE AJÍ TABASCO (Capsicum frutescens L.) CULTIVADA EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE SUCRE – COLOMBIA
Authors: Tejada-Tovar Candelaria Nahir , Villabona-Ortiz Ángel , Granados-Conde Clemente
Published: November 2017

El fruto del ají tabasco (Capsicum frutescens), pertenece a la familia de las Solanáceas y al género Capsicum, posee un elevado contenido vitamínico, además posee minerales como fosforo, calcio, potasio y hierro. En Colombia se comercializa en fresco constituyéndose en toda una industria que representa ganancia para los fruticultores. Por lo tanto, se caracterizó la pulpa de ají tabasco (Capsicum frutescens) cultivada en el municipio de Ovejas ubicado en el departamento de Sucre – Colombia. El ají tabasco (Capsicum frutescens), fue recolectada en el municipio de Ovejas, ubicado en el departamento de Sucre (9°31′33″N 75°13′38″O). La pulpa se obtuvo a partir del fruto; y le se determinó contenido de vitamina C (ácido ascórbico), acidez (% ácido cítrico), solidos solubles totales (°Brix), índice de maduración, humedad, ceniza, grasa, proteínas, fibra cruda, carbohidratos y minerales (Fosforo, calcio, potasio y hierro).El contenido de ceniza 0,70%, humedad 88%, proteína 1,60%, grasa 0,75%, fibra cruda 2,6%, carbohidratos 8,95%, °Brix 8,43, 0,5% ácido cítrico, índice de maduración 16,90, y Vitamina C 107mg ácido ascórbico. El mineral más abundante presente en la pulpa es el potasio con un valor de 212,5mg. El fruto del ají tabasco (Capsicum frutescens), es considerada como promisorio para diseñar productos nutracéuticos por su elevado contenido de vitamina C (ácido ascórbico).Palabras clave: Fruta, vitamina C, Capsicum frutescens L
LA COMERCIALIZACIÓN EN LAS MICROEMPRESAS DE LA LOCALIDAD DE SANTA FE EN LA CIUDAD DE BOGOTÁ
Authors: Otero Mónica Eugenia Peñalosa , Carmona Gloria Calderón , Benavides Giovanny Fernando
Published: November 2017

Siguiendo el compromiso de la Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano estipulado en el Proyecto Educativo Institucional, los esfuerzos de cada facultad y de cada programa académico están orientados hacia la investigación formativa y de rápida aplicación en la comunidad. De esta manera se pretende a través de este proyecto permear la realidad comercial y estratégica y originar un documento que sirva de enlace entre la academia y el sector real como aporte significativo para la solución de problemáticas sociales. Sin lugar a dudas, la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, puede realizar importantes aportes en la medida que profundice en los papeles del productor y del consumidor y en los distintos ámbitos de aplicación del enfoque comercial. De igual manera, a través de su producción mejorar los indicadores en las mediciones de los grupos de investigación de la UJTL. En función de las políticas de investigación institucionales, este proyecto atenderá de manera dinámica a las siguientes demandas: generación de opciones frente a las necesidades de formación básica en pregrado, consolidación del grupo de investigación del programa, aumento de los estudiantes inscritos en semilleros de investigación, creación de conocimiento y aplicación en la formación de estudiantes, incremento de la productividad académica de los docentes y fortalecimiento de las relaciones entre investigadores de la UJTL, entidades gubernamentales y grupos de investigación de otras entidades académicas. Así mismo, dinamiza el campo de análisis y participación de los programas de Mercadeo, Contaduría Pública y Comercio Internacional, en el desarrollo de competencias y capacidades para contribuir con el fortalecimiento de los microempresarios de la localidad de Santa Fe
El discurso de Prometeo
Authors: Muñoz Dagua Elvia Clarena , Asqueta Corbellini María Cristina
Published: November 2017

Este texto nos muestra una explicación sobre el uso del lenguaje en el mundo urbano contemporáneo en relación con las actividades mercantiles que se desarrollan en los diferentes espacios. Lo que se busca por medio de la retórica es una persuasión, un convencimiento de parte de los emisores para atraer, seducir y llevar a los receptores hacia un convencimiento de determinados objetos que son producto del trabajo, ya sean manufacturados o industriales.Objetos que luego de ser desechados pueden reciclarse para que vuelvan a cumplir funciones prácticas y se transformen en una nueva estética, donde el mundo cotidiano se enlace con el arte.