bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of organic N-sources on maize yield components
Authors: Popin Gustavo Vicentini , Santos Arthur Klebson Belarmino dos , Ferrão Gregori E. , Lourenço David Augusto , Neto Marcos Siqueira-
Published: October 2019

Maize is one of the main staple crops of the world but needs large amounts of nitrogen (N) to achieve a high yield. Mineral N fertilization is one of the main production costs to cultivation and organic N sources could be a cost-effective alternative to mineral sources. We hypothesized that organic N sources could replace mineral fertilizer whilst maintaining high yields. Therefore, our study examined the effect of N supplied through organic sources on the yield of maize and its components and evaluated the economic viability of using organic N sources in terms of cost savings of energy resources. A field experiment was carried out in the Southeastern region of Brazil (São Paulo state) on a Typical Acrudox soil with a clay texture. The experiment was set out in a complete randomized block design, with six treatments (five N sources + control) and four replicates. The treatments were: (A) mineral source (urea - Ur); (B) a by-product from the food industry (Fby); (C) biofertilizer from swine manure (Bs); (D) poultry bedding (Pb); (E) cattle manure (Cm); and (F) control (Co - without N). The maize yield components evaluated were plant height (V6 and R2 stages), root dry mass and morphoanatomy (R2 stage) and, at harvest, grains in ears, thousand kernel weight (TKW), productivity and crop residues dry mass. Economic viability was assessed by considering the cost of each N source in relation to gross economic revenues from the sale of corn. Overall, the results showed that only Fby produced better yield components and was more productive than urea. This source also provided the highest economic revenue and the lowest fertilizer cost for each unit produced. The Pb and Cm sources were less productive than the mineral source, but were better than Bs, which was slightly better than the control (without N application). The same pattern of results was found for economic revenue and fertilizer cost. Bs was the most expensive N source and consequently gave the lowest economic returns to farmers. In summary, the N efficiency of the organic sources as an alternative to mineral sources for high-yield maize was ranked as follows: Fby >Ur> Pb > Cm > Bs > Co.
Glauconitic siltstone as a multi-nutrient fertilizer for Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandú
Authors: Violatti Isabel Cristina Acciardi , Gualberto Camila de Andrade Carvalho , Silveira Luiz Henrique , Santos Gustavo Alves , Ferreira Bárbara Campos , Machado Pedro Magno Mendes , Pereira Hamilton Seron
Published: October 2019

Potassium (K) is one of the most absorbed nutrients by forage plants and it is found at low levels in tropical soils, requiring large amounts of fertilizers. The use of glauconitic siltstone as multi-nutrient fertilizers is an economic alternative to improve pasture-based production systems due to their low-cost production and long-term nutrient release. This study evaluated the effect of the glauconitic siltstone (GS) powder on three successive crops of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandú (Syn. Brachiaria brizantha). Two experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions, one using a Typic Dystrustox and the other a Typic Quartzipsamment. Both experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design with one factor, i.e., five glauconitic siltstone doses (0, 5, 20, 40, and 80 mg dm-3 of K2O) and four replications. In addition, three additional treatments were used, as potassium chloride, wollastonite and manganese sulfate at doses of 80 mg dm-3 of K2O, 270 mg dm-3 of silicon (Si) and 2 mg dm-3 of manganese (Mn), respectively. The sources were incubated for 60 days on the two soil types and, after the incubation period, Urochloa brizantha plants were grown. Three consecutive cuts were performed at 68, 104 and 168 days after sowing. The application of the GS in tropical soils promoted increases in plant dry matter, as well as K, Si and Mn levels in soil samples and accumulated in plants. In general, greater effects were obtained following the application of GS after consecutive cropping cycles due to its long-term release. Results described in this study provide an important understanding of the use of glauconitic siltstone as multi-nutrient fertilizers in tropical soils, being an efficient alternative to improve soil fertility and increase tropical pasture productivity.
Pre-harvest application of fungicides influences the post-harvest quality of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)
Authors: Monteiro Gean C. , Silva Mônica B. da , Rodrigues Luan F. O. S. , Gomez Hector A. Gomez- , Borges Cristine Vanz , Minatel Igor O. , Lima Giuseppina P. P.
Published: October 2019

Two cauliflower cultivars (cv.) (Flamenco and Verona) were treated with fungicides (boscalid (Cantus®)) (0.3 g L-1), pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad (Orkestra® SC) (0.3 mL L-1), metiram + pyraclostrobin (Cabrio® Top) (3.0g L-1) and metiram + pyraclostrobin + boscalid (Cantus® + Cabrio® Top) in order to evaluate their chemical composition and their influence on post-harvest quality. The fungicides were applied during the seedling stage as well as 30 days before harvest. Freshly harvested inflorescences were analyzed at 3-day intervals for up to 12 days in storage (10 ± 2 °C and 92 ± 2 % RH) to verify the polyamine content, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities and physicochemical attributes. All fungicides induced changes in polyamine metabolic pathways, resulting in increased levels of spermidine and spermine. These compounds may be related to the reduced activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase and to cauliflower senescence. Pre-harvest application of metiram + pyraclostrobin + boscalid to cv. Flamenco and of fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin to cv. Verona were found to be the most efficient treatments for improving the commercial quality of cauliflower. No levels of the fungicides applied during the cultivation were detected in the post-harvest. The fungicides applied to the pre-harvest effectively prolong the storage time and visual quality of cauliflowers cv. Flamenco and cv. Verona.
Effects of soil temperature and moisture on biological nitrogen fixation in soybean crop
Authors: Deak Evandro Ademir , Martin Thomas Newton , Fipke Glauber Monçon , Stecca Jessica Deolinda Leivas , Tabaldi Luciane Almeri , Nunes Ubirajara Russi , Winck José Eduardo Minussi , Grando Luiz Fernando Teleken
Published: October 2019

Soil temperature and humidity are the chief determinants for good nodule formation at the time of sowing and emergence. The aim of this study was to estimate the soil temperature and humidity range, at which the Bradyrhizobium spp., and Azospirillum brasilense may have the highest effect on root enhancement and development of nodulation in soybean. Two experiments were conducted, the first of which was done in the seed laboratory performing the treatments listed as non-inoculated; inoculation with Bradyrhizobium; root enhancers; inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + root enhancers; co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense; co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium + Azospirillum brasilense + root enhancers, and assessed at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC. The experimental design was completely randomized with distribution in a factorial. The second experiment was executed in a greenhouse, employing the same treatments affected in the seed laboratory experiment, but with the addition of non-inoculated control with mineral nitrogen. Tests were done at the soil moisture levels of 25, 50, 75 and 100% water retention capacity, forming a factorial 7 x 4 (only second experiment). All co-inoculated treatments induced the soybean root system to improve, in terms of length, volume, surface area and root diameter, exhibiting superiority to the uninoculated control in the 20 to 30ºC temperature range. The co-inoculation raised nodulation in the soybean crop, when soil water retention capacity was at the range of 56 - 96%, achieving higher means compared to the standard inoculation. The root planter added no improvement to either the root system or nodulation in soybean.
Evaluation of different soilless media on growth, quality, and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Far Ahmad M. Al , Tadros Maher J. , Makhadmeh Ibrahim M.
Published: October 2019

This experiment was conducted during spring growing season of 2018 at Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) campus in northern Jordan 32.4950° N, 35.9912° E. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different soilless media such as T: Tuff 100%; TP: Tuff + Perlite 50% each; TPS: Tuff + Perlite + Sawdust 33% each; and TS: Tuff + Sawdust 50% each on some of morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics related to the quality and quantity of seedless and baby cucumber cultivars. The experimental design was split plot with factorial arrangements and four replications. The measurements related to plant morphology: height, shoot and root length, shoot root fresh and dry weight, number of leaves and flowers, fruit quality: total yield, weight, diameter, hardness, length and numbers per plant. Fruit total soluble solids, the potential of hydrogen pH and electrical conductivity EC of fruit juice, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content and fruit water content, fruit and shoot biochemical content minerals, organic matters, fats, fibers, and proteins were also measured. The results indicated significant differences in both cucumber cultivars with respect to all parameters studied. Finally, this study concluded that using TS media for seedless cultivar is the best successful growing soilless media as well as the cheapest compared to other solid media used. On the other hand, using TP media for baby cultivar was the superior growing soilless media that was not expensive compared to other universal media. In addition, the TPS media showed minimum growth and low yield in both cucumber cultivars.
Management of the economic potential of territories in the context of sustainable development: case of Ukraine
Authors: V. Onyshchuk Svitlana , Buryk Zoriana , V. Knysh Pavlo
Published: October 2019

The process of assessment of economic potential of territories and its governance is a complex task in emerging markets countries, such as Ukraine. This requires the creation of an effective evaluation system and management mechanisms. The paper aims to develop the assessment system of the economic potential of the territories under the conditions of sustainable development and the main components of its management. Methods of research are as follows: analysis, synthesis, systematization, standardization, etc. The integral indicator of the dynamics of the economic potential of Ukrainian regions assessment in the context of sustainable development is substantiated; it includes environmental, investment, institutional, innovation, cluster, infrastructure, financial, export and human capital indices. As a result three groups of regions with different levels of economic potential dynamics have been identified and clustered: regions with a high level of economic potential dynamics; regions with a stable level of economic potential dynamics; regions with low or negative levels of economic potential dynamics. The obtained results ascertain that special attention should be paid to the environmental, investment, innovation and institutional components of the economic potential management.
METODE DAN MATERI DAKWAH UNTUK WANITA BERMASALAH
Authors: Baroroh Umul
Published: October 2019

Today, along with the pace of information growth, technology raises increasingly complex social problems. The complexity of the problems faced by humans increases and cones like a mountain. For those who are able to overcome social problems will not create new problems. Conversely, for people who are not able to adapt to the development of the times will have new problems. In today's modern era many women have problems that make it one of the "victims" of the progress of the age. This short article elaborates on the methods and material of Dakwah in dealing with problems for women involved in life issues. Analysis of this article states that returning to Dakwah methods and material adapted to al quran and hadith is a panacea that can solve their problems

****.

 

Dewasa ini, seiring dengan laju pertumbuhan informasi, teknologi memunculkan persoalan sosial yang semakin komplek. Kompleksitas persoalan yang dihadapi manusia bertambah dan mengerucut seperti gunung. Bagi mereka yang mampu mengatasi masalah sosial tidak akan memunculkan persoalan baru. Sebaliknya, bagi masyarakat yang tidak mampu adaptasi dengan perkembangan zaman akan mempunyai persoalan baru. Di era modern sekarang ini wanita banyak mempunyai persoalan yang menjadikannya sebagai salah satu “korban” atas kemajuan zaman. Artikel singkat ini mengelaborasikan tentang metode dan materi dakwah dalam menghadapi persoalan bagi wanita yang terlibat dalam persolan kehidupan. Analisa artikel ini menyatakan bahwa kembali kepada metode dan materi dakwah yang disesuaikan dengan al qur’an dan hadits merupakan obat mujarab yang dapat menyelesaikan persoalan mereka.
Difference in the bed load transport of graded and uniform sediments during floods: An experimental investigation
Authors: Khosravi Khabat , Chegini Amir H. N. , Binns Andrew D. , Daggupati Prasad , Mao Luca
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was to experimentally evaluate the difference in the transport of uniform (5.17, 10.35, 14, 20.7 mm) and graded sediment (mixture of these rounded particles with equal weight proportions) under different unsteady flow hydrographs in a 12 m long, 0.5 m wide and deep glass-walled flume. There was a lag time between fractions and uniform particles, such that peaks of coarser and finer fraction particles occurred before and after the peak of uniform sediment with the same size, respectively. Comparison between uniform particles and fractions in graded sediment showed that the sediment transport rate of fine and coarse fractions was lower and higher than their counterpart uniform particles, respectively. Overall, the uniform particles demonstrated a clockwise hysteresis loop and graded sediment had a counterclockwise hysteresis loop. The mobility of coarser fractions increased during the rising limb of hydrograph, whereas the mobility of finer fractions increased during the falling limb. In general, the mobility of coarse fractions increased and that of fine fractions reduced. Result of transported sediment showed that average particle size collected in traps (Db50) was coarser than bed material (Ds50) on both limbs. The relative transport ratio for uniform and graded sediment is higher and lower than 1, respectively.
Factors associated with the practice of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) among the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh
Authors: Hsan Kamrul , Naher Shabnam , Griffiths Mark D. , Shamol Hakimul Hasan , Rahman Mohammad Azizur
Published: October 2019

The Rohingya people are now living in overcrowded refugee camps and makeshift settlements with low standards of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). This study was conducted to examine WASH practices and associated risk factors among the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. The present study comprised 350 participants with data collected via a semi-structured questionnaire. Most respondents (84%) did not have good knowledge concerning WASH. Furthermore, 50.3% had unsafe WASH practices, 38.6% had fair WASH practices, and 11.1% had safe WASH practices. WASH practices were significantly associated with age, education, marital status, and WASH knowledge. The implementation of an effective WASH awareness program is required along with improved water supply and sanitation to improve WASH practices among Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.
A comunicação no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem de um curso a distância para formação de professores
Authors: Bertini Luciane de Fatima , Carneiro Reginaldo Fernando
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir algumas potencialidades e limites da comunicação em um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem,em um curso a distância para formação de professores. Essa investigação se aproximou de um estudo de caso,e a produção dos dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas com sete estudantes e seis tutores virtuais. A análise dos dados evidenciou o estabelecimento de uma comunicação efetiva,que pode contribuir para minimizar o sentimento de isolamento, ampliar a qualificação das discussões sobre o conteúdo estudado e criar um ambiente de aprendizagem dinâmico, que possibilite a reflexão e o trabalho colaborativo.
Plano de Ações Articuladas (2007-2011): gestão educacional e regime de colaboração
Authors: França Magna
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho objetiva contextualizar a Dimensão Gestão Educacional do Plano de Ações Articuladas – PAR (2007-2011), com ênfase na gestão de finanças, de São José do Campestre/Rio Grande do Norte, na perspectiva do federalismo e regime de colaboração entre os entes federados. Analisaram-se as cinco áreas integrantes da Dimensão, com suas respectivas pontuações, relacionadas ao apoio técnico e/ou financeiro pelo MEC. Utilizaram-se referenciais teóricos de autores, documentos específicos do PAR, dados educacionais e recursos financeiros do Fundeb municipal. Os resultados apontam a aplicabilidade de 65% dos recursos do Fundo na remuneração dos professores, ações/indicadores que geraram apoio do MEC e parcos recursos do Fundo. Esse processo ocasionou fragilidade no compartilhamento das responsabilidades – regime de colaboração – entre União e Município.
Gestão educacional e o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica da rede municipal de ensino de Santa Maria-Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Ivo Andressa Aita , Hypolito Álvaro Moreira
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o resultado do Ideb nos anos iniciais e finais do Ensino Fundamental da rede municipal de Santa Maria – RS, com base no plano de ações implementado pela SMED. Esta pesquisa utilizou análise quantitativa a partir de dados do Inep e Portal Ideb e análise documental. Foi constatado que,na avaliação de 2011, a maioria das escolas obteve um crescimento nos resultados, contudo alguns mecanismosutilizados pelas escolas podem, facilmente, lograr o sistema e mascarar os resultados no Ideb. Assim, o aumento do Idebnão necessariamente significa uma melhoria na qualidade da educação praticada na escola.
A educação supletiva nas Campanhas de Jovens e Adultos no Brasil e em Portugal (Século XX)
Authors: Araujo Marta Maria , Alcoforado Joaquim Luís Medeiros , Ferreira António Gomes
Published: October 2019

Este artigo pretende apreender princípios, preceitos teóricos, materiais de ensino e aprendizado, e ainda, procedimentos didáticos, pedagógicos e educativos intrínsecos à Campanha de Educação de Jovens e Adultos, oficializada no Brasil (1947-1949) e à Campanha Nacional de Educação de Adultos, oficializada em Portugal (1952-1954). O trabalho de cunho histórico está alicerçado pelo procedimento histórico-comparativo conforme a teorização de Clarice Nunes (2001) consiste em compreender e explicar as lógicas sobre as quais as singularidades e as diversidades operam numa perspectiva mais global. Em termos de conclusão, a educação primária supletiva no Brasil e em Portugal mediante as Campanhas de Jovens e Adultos necessariamente legitimaria e efetivaria os princípios e as proposições de caráter universal dos organismos internacionais, em particular, Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (Unesco).
O processo de estágio supervisionado na formação de professores portugueses e brasileiros
Authors: Paniago Rosenilde Nogueira , Sarmento Teresa Jacinto
Published: October 2019

Este estudo objetivou investigar a contribuição do Estágio Supervisionado para a construção da identidade e dos saberes da profissão docente, a partir das expectativas narradas por seis estagiárias dos cursos profissionalizantes de primeiros ciclos do ensino básico, da Universidade do Minho-Portugal e dos cursos de licenciaturas em Química e Biologia do Instituto Federal Goiano-Brasil. A partir das narrativas, constatou-se que as estagiárias comungam do desejo de ser professoras e consideram o estágio como espaço de aprendizagem da docência. Evidenciou-se, ainda, que a Universidade do Minho apresenta, de forma mais significativa, o estágio como campo de conhecimento formativo e de aprendizagem da docência.
Esquecidas em um armário: redações escolares desenvolvidas no Programa PERICAMPUS/UFRGS (1987-1991)
Authors: Almeida Doris Bittencourt
Published: October 2019

Este é um estudo que analisa redações escolares produzidas por estudantes que participaram do Programa de Integração Universidade e Escolas de 1º Grau de Periferia Urbana da Grande Porto Alegre (PERICAMPUS), coordenado pela Faculdade de Educação/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram localizados mais de 150 escritos de alunos da 5ª a 8ª série do Primeiro Grau, entre os anos 1986 a 1991. Por meio da análise documental, realizou-se um mapeamento com o objetivo de identificar os temas das redações e problematizar o conteúdo discursivo dos escritos. O trabalho se insere no campo da História da Educação, em suas interfaces com a História da Cultura Escrita.
As tropelias e assuadas de escolares e garotos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro entre os séculos XIX e XX
Authors: Rizzini Irma , Marques Jucinato de Sequeira , Monção Vinicius de Moraes
Published: October 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo apontar algumas contradições existentes entre as experiências dos sujeitos e as práticas escolares e assistenciais dirigidas às infâncias na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, entre os séculos XIX e XX. Ao priorizar, em sua análise, as tensões entre a cultura escolar e as ações dos sujeitos, os castigos escolares emergem como entrave da modernidade educacional. Recorrendo a um corpus documental variado, verificou-se que, longe de representarem um consenso, as práticas escolares e assistenciais, tanto as públicas quanto as particulares, geravam conflitos, interesses e fissuras entre os diferentes atores e setores dedicados à causa da criança.
“Exportar” mão-de-obra qualificada a custo zero: quanto perde Portugal com a “fuga de cérebros”?
Authors: Cerdeira Luisa , Machado-Taylor Maria de Lourdes , Patrocínio Tomás , Cabrito Belmiro
Published: October 2019

Em Portugal, sobretudo desde 2008, milhares de diplomados emigram. Em 2010 nos países da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Económico (OCDE) residiam mais de 145000; em 2015 rondam os 200000. Esta “fuga de cérebros”, foi o objecto da pesquisa “BRADRAMO − Êxodo de competências e mobilidade académica de Portugal para a Europa”, utilizandouma amostra de conveniência de 1100 indivíduos. Neste artigo caracterizam-se esses sujeitos e, utilizando dados da OCDE, estima-se em 9 mil milhões de euros o investimento realizado por Portugal com a educação dos 145000 emigrantes e que é oferecido a “custo zero” aos países que os acolhem.
Educação universitária e cidadania global:
Authors: Galdo Ana Iglesias
Published: October 2019

A partir das contribuições dos estudos sobre questões femininas, feministas ou de gênero, enfocaremos o contexto universitário com dois objetivos: evidenciar alguns dados que possam ser indicativos da persistência de velhos e novos sexismos; e demandar − pois exigir não podemos −, um maior compromisso desta instituição em desenvolver uma educação abertamente antisexista. Entendemos que seria grave neste novo milênio a lógica da cidadania, que tem sido suplantada pela da mercantilização, e apoiada na racionalidade técnica, esquecesse que a igualdade de gênero é ingrediente fundamental para tornar efetivo o direito a uma cidadania plena que garanta que as sociedades do século XXI sejam mais democráticas, inclusivas e mais justas.
Formas de as escolas se relacionarem com a cultura da mídia e do consumo em tempos contemporâneos
Authors: Momo Mariangela , Martínez Albertina Mitjáns
Published: October 2019

Considerou-se a proeminência da cultura da mídia e do consumo na vida de grande parte dos alunos e indivíduos que habitam a instituição escola nos grandes centros urbanos em tempos contemporâneos. Com base no arcabouço teórico da criatividade de Mitjáns Martínez e dos estudos sobre a cultura da mídia e do consumo, tais como os de Bauman, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa durante o ano de 2015 tendo como objetivo interpretar as principais formas de quatro escolas públicas do Distrito Federal/Brasil se relacionarem com a cultura da mídia e do consumo. A partir de informações produzidas nas escolas por meio de entrevistas, observações, fotografias e análise documental, constatou-se que há três principais formas: a incorporação e/ou reprodução da cultura da mídia e do consumo; sua normatização e/ou proibição; e formas criativas de lidar com ela. Conclui-se que, de alguma forma, as escolas precisam lidar com essa cultura, que se mostra, em grande medida, inevitável, e a criatividade no trabalho pedagógico é uma alternativa possível e necessária diante dessa cultura.
Ata de criação da Revista Educação em Questão
Authors: Araujo Marta Maria
Published: October 2019

A Revista Educação em Questão foi criada em 18 de abril de 1986. Nesta edição, o Conselho Editorial da Revista Educação em Questão, para homenagear os Trinta Anos dessa Revista, publica a Ata da Reunião Plenária Extraordinária dos Professores do Departamento de Educação (dia 18 de abril de 1986) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte que aprovou a sua institucionalização.
A propagação da paz:
Authors: Franco Elisângela de Carvalho
Published: October 2019

KÜNG, Hans. Uma ética global para a política e a economia mundiais. Tradução Carlos Almeida Pereira. Petrópolis: Vozes, 1999.
Sexual Dimorphism in Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Valodara Askhi M. , SR Kaid Johar
Published: October 2019

Background:

Sex and gender-based differences are observed well beyond the sex organs and affect several physiological and biochemical processes involved in the metabolism of drug molecules. It is essential to understand not only the sex and gender-based differences in the metabolism of the drug but also the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of drug metabolism for avoiding sex-related adverse effects of drugs in the human.

Method:

The articles on the sex and gender-based differences in the metabolism of drug molecules were retrieved from the Pub Med database. The articles were classified into the metabolism of the drug molecule, gene expression regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes, the effect of sex hormones on the metabolism of drug, expression of drugmetabolizing enzymes, etc.

Result:

Several drug molecules are known, which are metabolized differently in males and females. These differences in metabolism may be due to the genomic and non-genomic action of sex hormones. Several other drug molecules still require further evaluation at the molecular level regarding the sex and gender-based differences in their metabolism. Attention is also required at the effect of signaling cascades associated with the metabolism of drug molecules.

Conclusion:

Sex and gender-based differences in the metabolism of drugs exist at various levels and it may be due to the genomic and non-genomic action of sex hormones. Detailed understanding of the effect of sex and related condition on the metabolism of drug molecules will help clinicians to determine the effective therapeutic doses of drugs dependingon the condition of patient and disease.
Will Arsenic Trioxide Benefit Treatment of Solid Tumor by Nano- Encapsulation?
Authors: Fu Xin , Li Yan-shu , Zhao Jun , Yu Lu-lu , Luo Rong-guang , Liang Qing-rong , Tang Qun
Published: October 2019

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has remarkably enhanced therapeutic efficacy in treating both newly
diagnosed and relapsed patients suffering from Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL). Unfortunately,
whether as a single agent, component of combined chemotherapy, or as a chemosensitizer or radiosensitizer
combined with interventional therapy/radiotherapy, it did not benefit treatment of solid tumor
(liver cancer, bladder cancer, glioma, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and
melanoma) as seen from the clinical trials reported from the published journals or FDA-approved trials
in the past decades. The clinical outcome failed to live up to our expectations, which was attributed to
severe systemic toxicity and inappropriate pharmacokinetic such as low delivery efficiency and rapid
renal elimination. Nanomedicine is designed to fuel up pharmaceuticals and polish off adverse effects
by the moderation of their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Nevertheless, quite a
few nanodrugs (such as Doxil, Abraxane) were approved to be used clinically, and “from bench to
bedside” it seems to be no easy way for most of them, such as nano-ATO. Encapsulating ATO into
several types of nano-vehicles (liposome, polymer micelle, porous silicon, etc.), nano-TO can improve
pharmacokinetic and become a prominent candidate to penetrate into tumor tissue, but so far no nano-
ATO clinical trials have been approved around the world. On summarizing the clinical trials of ATO
on solid tumor and preclinical study of nano-ATO, it is believed there is still a chance for ATO to play
a critical co-helper in a comprehensive therapy to fight with solid tumor.
Lyme Neuroborreliosis - The Mystifying Pitfall: “Neuropathology and Current Therapeutics”
Authors: Chavda Vishal , Patel Snehal
Published: October 2019

Lyme’s Disease (LD) is a severe, rapidly growing, broad spectrum chronic infection caused by the bacterium ‘Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi', which can be easily transmitted through the bite of certain species of ticks. The prevalence of LD is swiftly mounting in the present scenario in many countries from species to species. Although Lyme’s infection is now detectable via serologic examination of early and late Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), the management of persistent symptoms is still fraught with quora of doubt and debate. LD is a multisystem spirochete which results after the dissemination of B. burgdorferi from a dermal inoculation site after a tick bite. Lyme's infection can easily get transmitted to the central nervous system and develop various neurological symptoms due to inflammation and an autoimmune response from body may lead to life-threatening “Lyme Borreliosis”. The neurological symptoms are well mixed in presentation, late and confusing to get differentiated easily from other diseases. The use of antibiotics in post Lyme infection with neurological complications is still a topic of debate. Babesiosisstates, and human ehrlichiosis' the two other diseases, are associated with the same ticks that spread the LD. However, the prevalence of diagnosed human cases is usually much lower than that of actual cases of LD due to misdiagnosis, late diagnosis or undiagnosis at y such lateral neuroinfection stage after the tick bite. The current review focuses on the molecular neuropathology and current advancements in LD. There are very few patents or discoveries made on borrelia infection, drawing attention towards more focused and targeted research for the cure.
Anti-Tumour Activity of Glycodendrimer Nanoparticles in a Subcutaneous MEC-1 Xenograft Model of Human Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Ziemba Barbara , Sikorska Hanna , Jander Magdalena , Kuncman Wojciech , Danilewicz Marian , Appelhans Dietmar , Bryszewska Maria , Borowiec Maciej , Franiak-Pietryga Ida
Published: October 2019

Background:

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is an indolent disorder, which mainly affects older adults. Since the advent of chemoimmunotherapy, great progress has been made in its treatment. However, some patients develop a more aggressive form of the disease and are included in the group of high-risk CLL patients with a dismal prognosis and a need for new therapies.

Objective:

Maltotriose-modified poly(propylene imine) dendrimers were presented as potential agents in targeted therapy for CLL in the murine xenograft model.

Methods:

Tumour, brain and internal organs resected from NOD scid gamma mice were subjected to gross and histopathological evaluation.

Results:

The results of ex vivo tissue examination indicated that open-shell glycodendrimers prevented/inhibited the spread of CLL into the brain and internal organs and its transformation into a more aggressive form.

Conclusion:

The results of the study have a potentially important impact on the design of future personalized therapies as well as clinical trials.
Fascinated Nanofiber Yarns: From Experiment to Industrialization
Authors: Liu Hong-Yan
Published: October 2019

Background:

Bubble electrospinning patent has been commercially used for the massproduction
of various nanofibers, but its application to the fabrication of nanofiber yarns is less studied.
We assume that there is great potential in this direction.

Objective:

This paper focuses on bubble electrospinning with an emphasis on new technologies for the
fabrication of fascinated nanofiber yarns by the bubble electrospinning.

Methods:

The paper begins with the mechanism of the bubble electrospinning to introduce how it produces
fascinated nanofiber yarns experimentally, then the industrialization of fascinated nanofiber
yarns is illustrated.

Results:

The bubble electrospinning is extremely suitable for the fabrication of fascinated nanofiber
yarns with a hierarchical structure, and the hierarchy can be designed biomimetically according to
some natural fibers.

Conclusion:

This paper sheds light on both experimental study and industrial applications of fascinated
nanofiber yarns.
An Insight on the Association of Psychological Studies, Cognitive Sciences and Meditation in Treating Depression
Authors: Pal Rashmi S. , Saraswat Nikita , Wal Pranay , Wal Ankita , Pal Yogendra , Roohi Tamsheel F.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Depression is the neuropsychiatric disorder that can lead to the
disruption of brain nerves by elevating different mechanisms and neurotransmitters such as
serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine. It can have a series of episodic events that can cross
one episodic depression to another and manifest various symptoms such as agitation, melancholia,
deep sadness, psychomotor retardation, mood swings and suicidal deaths.

Objective:

This paper gives information about the various factors such as psychological,
genetic, biological and environmental factors that play a vital role in the pathogenesis of
depression and its associated symptoms. In spite of usage of antidepressant drugs, many
clinicians and physicians follow other therapies and interventions or certain medications
such as psychological studies, cognitive sciences, and meditation and yoga that help in the
ailment of depression.

Method:

The data was collected by studying combination of research and review papers
from different databases like PubMed, Medline, and Web of science by using search keywords
like “depression”, “cognitive sciences”, “meditation”, “yoga”, “psychotherapies”,
“mindfulness activities”, “factors associated with depression and its episodes”.
Result: It was found that besides the use of antidepressants, a considerable number of studies
and researches on therapies exhibit the examined effects of different psychotherapies,
psychological studies, cognitive sciences and yoga-based interventions show potential effects
in the ailments of depression and its associated symptoms.

Result:

It was found that besides the use of antidepressants, a considerable number of studies
and researches on therapies exhibit the examined effects of different psychotherapies,
psychological studies, cognitive sciences and yoga-based interventions show potential effects
in the ailments of depression and its associated symptoms.

Conclusion:

Based on this paper, we have concluded that with the use of psychotherapies
such as interpersonal therapy, problem-solving therapy, MBCT, MBSR, DBT, ACT, yoga
and its different techniques are more effective than other medication therapies.
Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Functionalization in Aqueous Medium: A Brief Review
Authors: Sarkar Rajib , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: October 2019

In the last few decades, considerable research has led to the introduction of selective and
efficient green as well as sustainable synthetic methods of functionalization of carbon-hydrogen bonds
to form new carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. In this emerging field, significant development
has been attained under various environmentally benign conditions including aqueous medium.
In this review, we have summarized the current development of C-H functionalization carried out in
an aqueous medium and its synthetic applications according to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom
bond formations under green conditions.
Adaptability of the threatened jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi Schereber, 1777) to human-altered environments in San Luis Potosí, Mexico
Authors: Coronado Quibrera Wendy Paola , Olmos Oropeza Genaro , Bender Louis C. , Rosas Rosas Octavio César , Palacio Núñez Jorge , Tarango Arámbula Luis Antonio , Herrera Haro José G.
Published: October 2019

Persistence and recovery of rare species in developing regions with limited protected areas depends upon their adaptability to human-altered habitats. The jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) is classed as threatened in Mexico, and knowledge of its distribution and environmental correlates is necessary for informed recovery efforts. However, little is known of jaguarundi habitat or distribution in interior Mexico, including the state of San Luis Potosí (SLP). We conducted 96 semi-structured interviews around communities, ejidos, and ranches throughout SLP to obtain records of jaguarundi presence and identify environmental correlates and site attributes associated with its occurrence. We evaluated interviews using analytical criteria of credibility, and collected habitat information from 50 reliable occurrences from three of the four geographic regions of SLP. Compared to the SLP landscape, jaguarundi occurrences were located closer to water, closer to roads, at lower elevation, marginally closer to communities, and in areas with greater total edge, edge density, and number of landscape patches. Jaguarundi showed preference for mosaics of tropical forest, agricultural, grassland, and urban (i.e., any community) cover types. Relatively dense hiding or ambush cover was usually present at occurrence sites. Collectively, maximum entropy modeling and logistic regression modeling predicted similar and high likelihood of jaguarundi presence in regions characterized by mosaics of tropical forest, agriculture, grassland, or urban cover types <500 m in elevation and <2 km from roads. These mosaic landscapes tended to be relatively close to communities of moderate population densities and water, and typically support higher small prey densities than less fragmented areas. Jaguarundi were adaptable to at least light–moderate human-related disturbance, and may be benefitted by it because of increased edge and habitat mosaics.
Mobile Phone Technologies in the Management of Ischemic Heart Disease, Heart Failure, and Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Indraratna Praveen , Tardo Daniel , Yu Jennifer , Delbaere Kim , Brodie Matthew , Lovell Nigel , Ooi Sze-Yuan
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Mobile phones have become ubiquitous in most developed societies. Smartphone apps, telemonitoring, and clinician-driven SMS allow for novel opportunities and methods in managing chronic CVD, such as ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and hypertension, and in the conduct and support of cardiac rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE

A systematic review was conducted using seven electronic databases, identifying all relevant randomized control trials (RCTs) featuring a mobile phone intervention (MPI) used in the management of chronic CVD. Outcomes assessed included mortality, hospitalizations, blood pressure (BP), and BMI.

METHODS

Electronic data searches were performed using seven databases from January 2000 to June 2019. Relevant articles were reviewed and analyzed. Meta-analysis was performed using standard techniques. The odds ratio (OR) was used as a summary statistic for dichotomous variables. A random effect model was used.

RESULTS

A total of 26 RCTs including 6713 patients were identified and are described in this review, and 12 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. In patients with heart failure, MPIs were associated with a significantly lower rate of hospitalizations (244/792, 30.8% vs 287/803, 35.7%; n=1595; OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.97; P=.03; I2=0%). In patients with hypertension, patients exposed to MPIs had a significantly lower systolic BP (mean difference 4.3 mm Hg; 95% CI −7.8 to −0.78 mm Hg; n=2023; P=.02).

CONCLUSIONS

The available data suggest that MPIs may have a role as a valuable adjunct in the management of chronic CVD.
Investigation of the role of anxiety and depression on the formation of phantom vibration and ringing syndrome induced by working stress during medical internship (Preprint)
Authors: Lin Yu-Hsuan , Lin Kuan-I , Pan Yuan-Chien , Lin Sheng-Hsuan
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Phantom vibrations syndrome (PVS) and phantom ringing syndrome (PRS) are prevalent hallucinations during medical internship. Depression and anxiety are probably understudied risk factors of PVS and PRS.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of anxiety and depression on the relationship between working stress during medical internship and PVS and PRS.

METHODS

A prospective longitudinal study of 74 medical interns was carried out using repeated investigations of the severity of phantom vibrations and ringing, as well as accompanying symptoms of anxiety and depression as measured by Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory before, at the 3rd, 6th, and 12th month during internship, and 2 weeks after internship. We conducted a causal mediation analysis to investigate the role of depression and anxiety in the mechanism of working stress during medical internship inducing PVS and PRS.

RESULTS

The results showed that depression explained 21.9% and 8.4% for stress-induced PRS and PVS, respectively. In addition, anxiety explained 15.0% and 7.8% for stress-induced PRS and PVS, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings showed both depression and anxiety can explain a portion of stress-induced PVS and PRS during medical internship and might be more important in clinical practice and benefit to prevention of work-related burnout.
A system for automated motor function assessment in stroke patients using motion sensing technology (Preprint)
Authors: Sheng Bo , Wang Xiangbin , Hou Meijin , Huang Jia , Xiong Shuping , Zhang Yanxin
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Upper-limb motor function assessment for stroke patients is essential for planning interventions to maximise function and independence.

OBJECTIVE

The general aim of this study is to realize the automated assessment of upper-limb motor function after stroke by using motion sensing technology and machine learning algorithms.

METHODS

The proposed system contained two subsystems. A motion tracking subsystem was developed for measuring the kinematic data of participants through Kinect V2. A motor function assessment subsystem was developed to realize the automated assessment based on a feed-forward neural network (FFNN)-based assessment model. The assessment model was developed by thirty-two kinematic metrics calculated from the gathered data. In addition, five metrics with ten-fold cross-validation were used for performance evaluation (accuracy, F1-score, specificity, sensitivity, and AUC), and the developed FFNN-based model was compared with ten well-known machine learning algorithm-based models.

RESULTS

26 participants between 20 to 79 years of age, living in the Fuzhou city (Fujian) were recruited from October 2018 to January 2019. A total of 2400 patterns were calculated as the dataset after data processing. The experimental results showed that the proposed system presented satisfactory performance: overall accuracy ranged from 0.87 to 0.96, and F1-score ranged from 0.83 to 0.93. The FFNN-based assessment model presented promising comprehensive performance: it ranked top two for all tasks in the metrics of overall accuracy and F1-score.

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed system presents a promising method for automated assessment of upper-limb motor function in stroke patients. The system could be implemented in clinical applications as a cheap and portable assessment tool and provide decision support for physiotherapists as well.
Prediction Model for Timing of Death in Potential Donors After Circulatory Death (DCD III): Protocol for a Multicenter Prospective Observational Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kotsopoulos Angela M M , Vos Piet , Jansen Nichon E , Bronkhorst Ewald M , van der Hoeven Johannes G , Abdo Wilson F
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) is a major source of organs for transplantation. A potential cDCD donor poses considerable challenges in terms of identification of those dying within the predefined time frame of warm ischemia after withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (WLST) to circulatory arrest. Several attempts have been made to develop models predicting the time between treatment withdrawal and circulatory arrest. This time window determines whether organ donation can occur and influences the quality of the donated organs. However, the selected patients used for these models were not always restricted to potential cDCD donors (eg, patients with cancer or severe infections were also included). This severely limits the generalizability of those data.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this study are the following: (1) to develop a model predicting time to death within 60 minutes in potential cDCD patients; (2) to validate and update previous prediction models on time to death after WLST; (3) to determine timing and patient characteristics that are associated with prognostication and the decision-making process that leads to initiating end-of-life care; (4) to evaluate the impact of timing of family approach on organ donation approval; and (5) to assess the influence of variation in WLST processes on postmortem organ donor potential and actual postmortem organ donors.

METHODS

In this multicenter observational prospective cohort study, all patients admitted to the intensive care unit of 3 university hospitals and 3 teaching hospitals who met the criteria of the cDCD protocol as defined by the Dutch Transplant Foundation were included. The target of enrolment was set to 400 patients. Previously developed models will be refitted in our data set. To further update previous prediction models, we will apply least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) as a tool for efficient variable selection to develop the multivariable logistic regression model.

RESULTS

This protocol was funded in August 2014 by the Dutch Transplant Foundation. We expect to have the results of this study in July 2020. Patient enrolment was completed in July 2018 and data collection was completed in April 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will provide a robust multimodal prediction model, based on clinical and physiological parameters, that can predict time to circulatory arrest in cDCD donors. In addition, it will add valuable insight in the process of WLST in cDCD donors and will fill an important knowledge gap in this essential field of health care.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04123275; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04123275

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/16733