bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Coagulopathy-Predicting Factors in Acute Trauma Patients Using the Generalized Estimation Equations Model
Authors: Montazeri Zahra , Kheiri Soleiman , Paydar Shahram , Sedehi Morteza
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Coagulation disorder is one of the major phenomena following the trauma which can deteriorate the condition of the patients. The aim of this study is to determine some factors predicting the incidence of coagulation disorder among acute trauma patients.
Methods: The generalized estimation equations were used to determine the predictors of blood coagulation disorders in a sample of 736 people over 16 years of age with acute trauma in Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Shiraz. The response variable was converted based on PT, PTT, INR, and fibrinogen level criteria as a two-state variable (with/without coagulation disorder). In the data analysis, the correlation of the coagulation disorder was considered in the first and second stages.
Results:The prevalence of coagulation disorders (mild, moderate and severe) was 19% in two stages and coagulation disorders (moderate and severe) was 7.5%. Motor vehicle accident was the most common cause of injury.The variables of blood sugar, diastolic blood pressure, pH, and sodium had a significant effect on coagulation disorders (mild, moderate, and severe). Moreover, blood phosphorus, age, and pupillary reflex had a significant effect on coagulation disorders (moderate and severe).
Conclusion: Predictors of coagulation disorders (mild-moderate-severe) include blood sugar, diastolic blood pressure, pH, and sodium. Moreover, blood phosphorus, age, and pupil reflex are predictors of moderate and severe coagulopathy. this model that taking into account the exchangeable correlation of first- and second-stage coagulopathy had a better fit than the model ignoring this correlation.
Evaluating the Agreement between k-median and Latent Class Analysis for Clustering of Psychological Distress Prevalence
Authors: Salari Maryam , Rahimi Zahra , Kalantari Reza , Jamali Jamshid
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Psychological distress (PD) is one of the most common mental disorders in the general population. Psychological distress is considered a public health priority due to its adverse effects on quality of life, health, performance, and productivity. It can also predict several serious mental illnesses, such as depressive disorder and anxiety. In this study, we intend to identify the behavioral pattern of PD in the population of 18 to 65 years old in Mashhad using two methods, K-median and Latent Class Analysis (LCA), and evaluate the agreement between the two methods.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 38058 individuals referred to community health care centers in Mashhad of Iran in 2019. The information used in this study was extracted from Sina Electronic Health Record System (SinaEHR) database. A demographic information checklist and a 6-item Kessler psychological distress scale (K-6) were used for data collection. K-median and LCA were used for data analysis.
Results: Out of 38058 participants, 49.3% were women, 86.1% were married, and 63.6% had a diploma and under diploma education. The LCA identified three patterns of PD in answering the items of the K-6 questionnaire, including severe PD (19.7%), low PD (36.7%), and no PD (43.5%). Three clusters were identified by the K-Median method: 1) severe PD (22.0%), 2) low PD (31.1%), and 3) and no PD (46.9%). The agreement between K-Median and LCA was kappa = 0.862.
Conclusion: About 20% of people were classified as having severe PD. Both LCA and k-median methods can reasonably identify the latent pattern of PD with significant entropy, and there was almost complete agreement between the two methods in data clustering. Considering the advantages of the LCA, this method is recommended to identify the latent pattern of PD based on the k-6 questionnaire.
Association of Statin Therapy on Clinical Outcomes in Covid-19 Patients: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on All Related Evidences
Authors: Kurd Dorsa Moharerzadeh , Seidkhani-Nahal Ali , Noori-Zadeh Ali , Sheikhabbasi Atiye , Heydari Fatemeh , Pakzad Iraj , Pakzad Reza
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Statins is a class of lipid-lowering drugs and our previous investigations showed that statins have antiviral effects and have a wound healing effect in the lung. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of statin therapy on mortality and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in international databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase from December 1, 2019 until January 26, 2022 without any restriction in language. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR).
Results: The statin therapy overally was associated with decrease in odds of ventilation [pooled OR (95% CI): 0.85 (0.70 to 0.99)] and mortality [pooled OR (95% CI): 0.73 (0.66 to 0.81)] but had no effects on the ICU admission [pooled OR (95% CI): 0.93 (0.77 to 1.12)], oxygen therapy [pooled OR (95% CI): 0.85 (0.70 to 0.99)], recovery [pooled OR (95% CI): 1.85 (0.35 to 9.92)], kidney failure [pooled OR (95% CI): 1.01 (0.73 to 1.40)], hospitalization [pooled OR (95% CI): 1.45 (0.88 to 2.36)], asymptomatic disease [pooled OR (95% CI): 1.33 (0.24 to 7.44)], and ARDS [pooled OR (95% CI): 1.15 (0.88 to 1.49)].
Conclusion: The present meta-analysis showed that statin therapy was associated with a reduced risk of mortality and ventilation in patients with COVID-19 but had no effects on other clinical outcomes.
The Prediction of Alexithymia Using Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Demographics in Undergraduate Students
Authors: Darvishi Asma , Sanjari Elaheh , Shahraki Hadi Raeisi
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Alexithymia is a psychiatric disorder in which people become emotionally frustrated. This study aims to model the role of depression, anxiety, and stress in alexithymia prediction.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 260 undergraduate students were selected via multi-stage cluster sampling. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and depression, anxiety and stress scale have been used to collect data. The association between qualitative variables was examined using Chi-square test and LASSO logistic regression was fitted for alexithymia prediction.
Results: The mean±SD of participants’ age was 20.7±3.2 years. Of all, 197 (75.8%) students were female and 236 (90.8%) were single. According to the cutoff point for TAS-20, 30.8% of the students displayed signs of alexithymia. The rate of alexithymia was significantly higher among males (42.9% versus 26.9%, P=0.02) and among nursing (45.9%) and anesthesia (44.8%) students than other undergraduate students. The proportion of students with anxiety, depression, and stress were 45.0%, 15.8%, and 9.2%, respectively. 51.2% of the depressed students had alexithymia, while only 26.9% of non-depressed students were alexithymic (P=0.002). LASSO logistic regression showed that odds of alexithymia was significantly higher among male students (OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.03, 1.90), students with depression (OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.18, 2.54), students who had anxiety (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.07, 1.89), and nursing students (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.07, 2.45).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the importance role of anxiety and depression in predicting alexithymia. Due to the high prevalence of alexithymia among college students, we suggest the routine evaluation of college students for alexithymia.
Accreditation Standards of Clinical Pharmacy Education in Three Leading Countries
Authors: Mohebbi Niayesh
Published: August 2023

The Article Abstract is not available.
Use of Medicines in Children: Pharmacological and Practical Issues
Authors: Bhargava Shashikant , Mishra Prashant , Rana Shiwangi
Published: August 2023

ediatric patients have very different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles compared to adults. A number of anatomical and physiological factors determine the pharmacokinetic profile of a drug. Differences in physiology in pediatric populations compared with adults can influence the concentration of drug within the plasma or tissue. When considering medication for a child or adolescent, one should be cautious about extrapolating from adult studies or practices. Always remember, children are not small adults. Children tend to have higher rates of metabolism and elimination than adults. As a result, children generally require higher weight-adjusted doses of most medications to achieve similar blood levels as adults. As pharmacokinetics is hard to predict in children, and thus a ‘start low and go slow’ approach is important. This review details key pharmacological and practical considerations which a healthcare professional should be aware of to understand consequences of drug use and dose adjustments in infants and children.
THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF GLOBAL LIFE SCIENCES COMPANIES
Authors: Kayserili Aydan
Published: August 2023

Objective: The objective was to better understand the level of impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the research and development process in global life sciences companies. The study was conducted with USA, Europe, and Turkey leaders.
Methods: This study was conducted with twenty functional leaders of leading global life sciences companies thru an online survey. The study was carried out between 2020 and 2021. The results were analyzed by using the Statistical 25 package.
Results: Research findings showed that there had been an impact on the research and development process of the life sciences companies, mainly the productivity and effectiveness. The primary issue was the lack of university collaborations. Although several therapeutic areas were somewhat impacted, cancer was mentioned as the most affected area due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Although the respondents indicated no change was done concerning research and development strategies due to the Covid-19 pandemic, most mentioned employing some new tools, such as remote patient monitoring. Additionally, the majority mentioned that their companies developed a crisis management plan.
Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic offered some challenges and opportunities to some life sciences companies. While the major challenge was to continue performing phase III trials, the significant opportunity was to develop vaccines and medical treatments for Covid-19ies.
Health-related Quality of Life of Cured Patients of the Covid-19 after Discharge from Hospital
Authors: Hayati Hadi , Zahabi Razieh Askari , Zahabi Reza Askari
Published: August 2023

Background: Examining the results of the treatment of patients after discharge from the hospital is an essential question in measuring the effectiveness of the treatment of COVID-19 for health systems. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the Quality of Life of cured patients with covid-19 using the wellknown EQ-5D scale.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted in available databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE from the beginning of January 2019 to the beginning of July 2022. After three screening stages, studies related to the quality of life of COVID-19 survivors were included.
Results: Data were categorized and extracted based on the five dimensions of the EQ5D questionnaire. Finally, the analysis of the results of the studies indicated that the utility score was above 70% so, in more than half of them, the most complaint among the questionnaire dimensions was related to disruption in usual activities and self-care. Next, mobility and pain had the most significant impact on reducing the quality of life of recovered patients. The most minor complaints of the discharged patients were related to anxiety/depression.
Conclusion: Considering that the symptoms of the disease are present in the cured patients, it is necessary to follow up on these symptoms to prevent them from getting worse by simple and essential actions. So, an organized follow-up structure in health centers is fundamental to improving the quality of life for the survivors of COVID-19.
Investigating the relationship between sleep quality and stress, anxiety and depression in shift workers of one of the food industries
Authors: F Dehghan , A Safari Variani , S Varmazyar
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Shift work among industrial workers can lead to poor sleep quality, which instead is associated with stress, anxiety, and depression. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and stress, anxiety, and depression in shift workers in one of the food industries.
Materials and Methods: The participants in this descriptive-analytical study were 208 production line workers in one of the food industries. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI), and depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21). Spearman's statistical test was used to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and depression, anxiety, and stress. The data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software.
Results: About 42% of workers reported undesirable sleep quality (score more than 5). Almost half of the workers reported a level of normal stress, anxiety, and depression. The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between sleep quality and stress (r=0.20, P<0.01) and sleep quality and depression (r=0.172, P≤0.01) so that the quality of sleep, stress, and depression interact with each other and have a mutual effect.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, reducing stress and depression can improve the sleep quality of workers, and in turn, good sleep quality can lead to reducing stress and depression in shift workers. Therefore, identifying the influencing factors and corrective strategies to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression can play an important role in improving the sleep quality of shift workers.
Investigating the impact of ergonomics training in reducing musculoskeletal discomfort among office workers
Authors: AM Abbasi , S Bahmanipour , M Rahimi , Z Rashidi , H Sayyadi
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Office workers, regardless of educational principles, may be exposed to musculoskeletal injuries due to the nature of their work. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of ergonomics training in reducing musculoskeletal disorders among the administrative staff of an Ilam University of Medical Sciences campus.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 178 administrative staff of Ilam University of Medical Sciences Campus 1 was examined. Musculoskeletal disorders were evaluated using the Nordic questionnaire. Ergonomic risk factors of the workplace were assessed by Rapid Administrative Strain Assessment (ROSA) before and after the training. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 26 statistical software.
Results: According to the findings obtained from the Nordic questionnaire, it was found that the most disorders in the past year were in the back (56.2%) and neck (55.6%) areas and the ROSA evaluation results showed that 24.4% of the subjects the study was at the ergonomic level with high risk. After the implementation of training programs, the results showed that the prevalence of disorders in 9 areas decreased. Also, demographic variables did not have a significant effect on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. (Significance level 0/05 is assumed)
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that ergonomic training can be an effective method to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort in office work environments.
The physical activity development model of Mobarake steel company employees
Authors: M Lotfi Foroushani , M Salimi , M Mostahfezian , M Soltan Hosseini
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Human capital is one of the most important resources of an organization, and as a result, organizations strive to increase their productivity. Since employees' health contributes to it, this study aimed to determine the physical activity development model of Mobarake Steel Company employees.
Materials and Methods: The current research is descriptive-analytical. It is a kind of exploratory and applied research that helps to solve the problem in Mobarake Steel Company of Isfahan. The statistical population in this research in the qualitative part includes all specialists, managers, and experts of Mobarake Steel Company as well as knowledgeable academic staff members who have expertise or experience in the field of human resources policy and sports management. Also, in the quantitative part, all the employees of Foulad Mobarakeh formed the statistical population of the research. The research tools in the qualitative and quantitative part were made by the researcher and based on the components extracted from the library studies and the results from the interviews, respectively. The research method in the qualitative part was Glazer's approach data model and in the quantitative part confirmatory factor analysis. The validity of the formal method and reliability was also confirmed through retesting. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26 and SmartPLS software.
Results: Evaluation of the obtained model using model fit indices has shown that the model was suitable (SRMR, 0.186, Chi-square, 341.256, and NFI, 0.087). Also, the final dimensions of the model include the psychosocial environment with the dimensions of promoting sports and physical activity and encouragement and support, the physical environment with the dimensions of providing infrastructure and active company, health resources with the dimensions of program alignment and evaluation and monitoring and company participation with the dimensions of management and Planning was achieved.
Conclusion: Considering the comprehensive health program, considering the calendar and regular sports program, creating culture and forming a sports team with a dynamic environment, monitoring related instructions, forcing employees to evaluate physical health and monitoring the progress of physical activity development programs, managers' support, per capita allocation Appropriate exercise and ergonomics of control rooms and related equipment such as chairs and computers and things such as the level of lighting and even per capita dedicated space for employees and encouraging employees can be the results of the implementation of this research model.
The Impact of Combined Exercises in the Workplace on Body Composition and Some Psychological Indices of Female Employees After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: KH Naderi Ashkeftaki , M Ghafari , E Bani Talebi
Published: August 2023

Introduction: After the covid-19 pandemic, the immobility of people and the reduction of their physical activities increased. It seems necessary to maintain the motivation of employees to perform physical activity after this period because an employee's job in normal conditions is characterized by inactivity and inactivity. As a result, it affects the physical and mental health of the person, and following this event mentioned features intensified. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of combined exercises in the workplace on the fat profile and psychological indicators of female employees after the end of the Covid-19 disease.
Materials and methods: This study is semi-experimental and applied, which was conducted on female employees of Shahrekord University in 1401. Thirty people were divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups randomly by inviting cooperation. The 12-week sports intervention was carried out three times a week, and each session lasted from 30 minutes to a maximum of one hour. The psychological indicators before and after the exercises, were evaluated by the relevant questionnaires. To measure the biochemical variables, blood samples (5 cc) were taken before and 48 hours after the end of the intervention. A correlation T-test was used for intra-group comparisons. An independent T-test was used for inter-group comparisons at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS software.
Results: The findings showed that combined exercises in the work environment significantly improved the quality of life (p=0.001), sleep quality (p=0.001), mental well-being (p=0.001), belonging to work (p=0.001) and resilience (p=0.011) in the experimental group compared to the control. Also, no significant difference was observed in HDL (P=0.184), LDL (P=0.902), cholesterol (P=0.511), and triglyceride (P=0.268).
Conclusion: Workplace combined exercises can significantly improve the employees' quality of life, sleep, and psychological issues. These results are important for managers and organizations to consider programs to maintain employees' mental and physical health, especially where viral diseases such as Covid-19 impact employee health. But it did not affect blood lipids (HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and cholesterol), which may be due to the low intensity and duration of the exercise and lack of control over the subjects' nutrition.
Does chronic venous insufficiency affect cardiac functions? A speckle tracking echocardiography study
Authors: KOCA Fatih , LEVENT Fatih , AS Ahmet Kağan , KÖKSAL Fatih , TATLI Ahmet Burak , VATANSEVER Fahriye , DEMİR Mehmet , TENEKECİOĞLU Erhan
Published: August 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is subtle cardiac dysfunction in patients with chronic venous insufficiency.
Methods: Age and sex matched 56 patients with a score of C3 and above in the Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical, Pathophysiological classification and 56 healthy volunteers were included in the study. All subjects were evaluated by detailed echocardiographic examination, including two-dimensional strain echocardiographic analysis by speckle tracking method.
Results: Mitral E wave deceleration time (EDT), E and A wave velocity, E/e' ratio for left ventricle, tricuspid EDT, E/e’ ratio for right ventricle and systolic pulmonary artery pressure were found high as significant statistically in patients groups (p < 0.05). But no any statistically significant difference was observed in other parameters between two groups.
Conclusions: There may be an increase in diastolic filling pressures in patients with chronic venous insufficiency due to the increased preload in the supine position. This condition seems to be clinically important in patients at high risk for heart failure due to the presumption of the early treatment of chronic venous insufficiency may reduce the risk of heart failure evolvement.
Diferenciación de la población mexicana de Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus por doble-locus genómico con repeticiones cortas en tándem
Authors: Ahumada-Rodríguez Julio Santiago , Cervantes-Santos Jael Arely , Rivera-Villanueva Bricia , Leyva-López Norma Elena , Sandoval-Castro Eduardo , Méndez-Lozano, Jesús , Santos-Cervantes María Elena , Velázquez-Monrea José Joaquín
Published: August 2023

Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) se ha dispersado rápidamente a las regiones productoras de cítricos en México, ocasionando impactos económicos y sociales diferenciados. En México, los principales avances en investigación se han centrado en el manejo del vector, Diaphorina citri y en estudios de la interacción de CLas con limón mexicano. Sin embargo, la variabilidad genética de la bacteria en regiones productoras de México se ha estudiado poco. Por lo que, en el presente estudio se analizó la variación de la población mexicana de CLas con procedimientos basados en PCR, secuenciación y electroforesis capilar a través de la detección del número de repeticiones en tándem (TRN) con dos marcadores STR, AGACACA y TACAGAA, el primero localizado en locus genómicos CLIBASIA_01645 y adenosina deaminasas. La distribución de los TRNs en la población mexicana de CLas en ambos loci mostraron variaciones con las poblaciones previamente reportadas en Florida, China y Brasil. Además, en la población mexicana se encontraron tres haplotipos, HA, HB y HC, siendo el primer reporte del haplotipo HC en las regiones citrícolas en México. Interesantemente, las subpoblaciones de CLas del Occidente y Noroeste son diferentes a la del Sureste.
Sustainable Development of Particle Board from Lignocellulosic Agri Waste (Corchorus capsularis-Jute)
Authors: Chawla Vipin Kumar , Seshasayee Vijayakumar , Yadav Ranjan
Published: August 2023

Background: Large quantities of forest, agricultural and industrial lignocelluloses residues are available in the countries which are not finding any economic use till date except as industrial or domestic fuel. Some of these waste materials could be utilized for the preparation of particle board which could substitute the solid wood for various purposes and thus help in the conservation of depleting forest resources. Method: Jute stick is the one such waste material available in India about 50-55 lakh tones per Year. Keeping this in view, the suitability of jute-stick for making particle board will be evaluated in this study. The sticks were analyzed for the physical and mechanical properties of Jute sticks. Based on the material properties, it necessitated the physical modification of the jute stick particles to activate the surface for better adhesion. Results: Jute sticks were crushed followed by pulverizing to get the particles of required size formation have been optimized for making particle board of density 700-850 kg/m3. The implementation of this technology will encourage the efficient use of agriculture byproduct as a sustainable resource for commercial production as well as to aid in building sustainable cities and communities, in order to meet sustainable development goals which will in turn profoundly transform our world at large.
Efficacy of Best Prelay Diet on Production Performance of White Leghorn Layers Fed with Different Layer Diets
Authors: Lonkar V.D. , Savaliya F.P. , Mishra R.K. , Patel A.B. , Bhagora N.J.
Published: August 2023

Background: Feeding high nutrient density best prelay diet (BPD) 2-3 weeks before egg production is beneficial and may allow to reduce layer diet nutrient density. Methods: Total 180, 16-week-old White Leghorn pullets were assigned to six-layer feeding strategies (kcal ME per kg/%CP/%Ca) during 19-40 weeks. Treatments were T0 (BIS control-2600/18.0/3.0), T1 (2500/18.0/3.0), T2 (2500/18.0/4.0), T3 (2500/17.0/4.0), T4 (2500/16.0/4.0) and T5 (2500/15.0/4.0). These layers were fed with same BPD (2700/18.0/2.5) during 16-18 weeks. Performance parameters were recorded during the study. Result: Feeding BPD did not influence pullets (16-18 woa) CaI, PI and MEI. The 3.0% layer Ca (T0 and T1) decreased (p less than 0.01) CaI than 4.0% (T2 to T5) and layer diet CP reduction from 18.0 to 15.0% decreased PI but 2500 or 2700 kcal ME/kg layer diet did not affect MEI (19-40 woa). BPD did not support 16 or15% layer diet CP (T4 and T5) but allowed to reduce CP (T3) by 1.0% (18.0 to 17.0%) to support production. BPD (2700/18.0/2.5) with BIS (2007) layer diet in T0 (2600/18.0/3.0) is the best combination for supporting BWG without affecting FC and improving EN, HDEP, FCDE, EFPR and PEI in layers.
Genetic Studies on Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Pole Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Lower Pulney Hills of Western Ghats
Authors: Sundharaiya K. , Sathish G. , Palanikumar M. , Baskaran R. , Natarajan K. , Bharathikumar K. , Gayathri G.
Published: August 2023

Background: In any crop improvement, hybridization among selected/chosen parents is the first foremost important step. Diversity among the genotypes is the basis for choice of parents. It requires knowledge on genetic nature of traits and such information will allow plant breeders to predict the response to selection in breeding programmes. Pole bean, a self pollinated crop, is morphologically diversity is high with distinguishable qualitative and variable quantitative traits. Methods: A field experiment was carried out at Horticultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Thadiyankudisai with 31 pole beans genotypes which were evaluated for nine characters. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design and replicated thrice. Result: Analysis of variance revealed the significant difference among genotypes for all the studied characters. Per se performance of the 31 genotypes showed that the genotype Pallathuvaikal local performed as the best genotype for number of pods per plant, pod weight, pod yield per plant, pod yield per plot and pod yield per hectare. The traits pod length, pod girth, number of pods per plant, pod weight and yield per plant had exhibited high to medium PCV and GCV. The results of heritability and genetic advance showed that the traits pod length, number of pods per plant, pod weight, yield per plant, yield per plot and yield per hectare had exhibited high degree of heritability and genetic advance.
Modeling climate change impact on low-input smallholder farming systems
Authors:   Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), UMR AGAP Institute, France, Adam Myriam ,   Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France,   National University of Battambang, Cambodia, Falconnier Gatien ,   CIRAD, UPR AIDA, F-34398 Montpellier, France,   AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France,   International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Zimbabwe, Berre David ,   CIRAD, UPR AIDA, F-34398 Montpellier, France,   AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France, Descheemaeker Katrien ,   Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands, Lairez Juliette ,   CIRAD, UPR AIDA, F-34398 Montpellier, France,   AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France,   Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherche Agricole (INERA), Burkina Faso, Leroux Louise ,   CIRAD, UPR AIDA, F-34398 Montpellier, France,   AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France,   CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Nairobi, Kenya,   IITA, Kenya
Published: August 2023

Smallholder farming systems face many adversities including poor soil fertility, poor access to inputs, and high dependence on climate variability. On top of that, ongoing climate change is expected to exacerbate the effect of abiotic and abiotic stresses on farm performances, and poses additional challenges of adaptation to climate change. This chapter presents the effect of climate change on the different components of the farming systems (crop, livestock, grassland and tree), in the context of low-input systems. After this account, we argue on the need to have a more integrative approach to assess the effect of climate change on farming systems as a whole. We expose different approaches: coupling of models, use of optimization model. We finally highlight the importance of involving farmers in the process of using models to co-design relevant adaptations to climate change in the context of low input systems.
Modelling climate change impacts on agricultural commodity markets
Authors:   European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Spain, Pérez Domínguez Ignacio , Hristov Jordan ,   European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Spain, Elleby Christian ,   European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Spain, Fellmann Thomas ,   European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Spain, Toreti Andrea ,   European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Italy, Chatzopoulos Thomas ,   European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Spain, Barbosa Ana Luisa ,   European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Spain, Dentener Frank ,   European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Italy
Published: August 2023

This chapter provides some insights on how climate change can affect agricultural commodity markets in the medium to long term. It includes some methodological aspects on how different quantitative tools, ranging from earth system models to farm-level production decisions, can be combined in the analysis of climate change impacts on agricultural markets. The analysis presented here is supported by several agro-economic studies carried out by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.
Modeling the impact of climate change on agriculture in Latin America
Authors:   University of São Paulo, Brazil, Marin Fábio R. , Gonçalves Ivo Zution ,   University of São Paulo, Brazil, Meza Francisco J ,   Forestal. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Riaño H. Néstor M. ,   Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Colombia, Peña Q Andrés J. ,   Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research (AGROSAVIA), Colombia, Heinneman Alexandre B. ,   EMBRAPA, Brazil, Streck Nereu A. ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil, Zanon Alencar Jr ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil, Vianna Murilo S. ,   University of Bonn, Germany, Silva Evandro H. F. ,   University of São Paulo, Brazil, Vieira Jr Nilson A. ,   University of São Paulo, Brazil
Published: August 2023

This chapter provides an overview of crop modeling in three Latin American countries: Chile, Colombia and Brazil. It assesses model characteristics, strengths and weaknesses and areas for future development. The chapter includes developments in modelling the impact of climate change on key crops: upland and irrigated rice, common beans, soybeans, sugarcane and grass forage production for livestock.
Modelling the impact of climate change on agriculture in West Africa
Authors:   University of Ghana, Ghana, MacCarthy D. S. , Akponikpe P. B. I. ,   Université de Parakou (UP), Benin, Akinseye F. M. ,   International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Nigeria,   Centre d’Etude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), Sénégal, Ly M. ,   Cheikh, Anta Diop University, Senegal, Timpong-Jones E. C. ,   University of Ghana, Ghana, Hathie I. ,   Initiative Prospective Agricole et Rurale (IPAR), Senegal, Adiku S. G. K. ,   University of Ghana, Ghana
Published: August 2023

Agriculture involves approximately 60% of the population and contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the majority of West African countries. Agricultural productivity in the sub-region is projected to be adversely impacted by climate change. The sustainability of West African agriculture in the face of climate change depends on a thorough appreciation of its impact and the adaptation options available. This chapter begins with an overview of West Africa as a region, followed by an overview of West African climatic conditions. The chapter then provides a meta-analysis of studies investigating the effects of climate change on West Africa. It also highlights challenges in modeling the varied and distinctive characteristics of West African farming systems as well as potential adaptation options. The next section reviews the impact of climate change on livestock production followed by a brief section on integrated climate change impact assessment. The chapter ends with future developments and links to further reading.
Two Decades of Bibliometric Research in Indonesia
Authors: Kamaludin Kamaludin (Mr.) , Prasetyadi Abdurakhman
Published: August 2023

Bibliometric research in Indonesia is essential to do for exploring trends and understanding the knowledge base of bibliometric research from the perspective of globally indexed publications. Bibliometric studies have been applied mainly to scientific fields of activity, mostly based on metadata elements such as author, title, subject, citation, etc., related to scientific publications in a discipline. However, no study explicitly discusses the development of bibliometric research in Indonesia based on globally indexed publications. This study aims to identify 1) the growth of bibliometric research in Indonesia, 2) the performance of scientific agencies in publishing bibliometric research in Indonesia, and 3) the science mapping of bibliometric research in Indonesia. This study used data and graphical quantification methods to help researchers understand the future progress and trends of bibliometric research in Indonesia. The study results show that within two decades, there have been 167 relevant documents published and globally indexed in this field. The 167 documents were then analyzed and interpreted using bibliometric techniques: performance analysis and science mapping. The performance analysis results show that bibliometric publications in Indonesia continue to increase from one publication in 2001 to 85 documents in 2022. The most popular categories studied with bibliometrics are Environmental science and Engineering. The analysis results also show the productivity of each scientific actor, including writers, institutions, and countries. The conclusion showed four significant clusters in bibliometric research in Indonesia: the Chemical science cluster, Bibliometric analysis and literature review, food safety, and top Indonesian universities.
Banking Risk, Third-Party Fund And Performance
Authors: Rahma Fadhila , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: August 2023

Banks are a high-risk industry, which is regulated by the government through the Financial Services Authority (FSA), so bank management must be very careful in managing banks so that risks can be controlled. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of bank risk and third party funds on bank performance. Bank performance is measured by return on assets (ROA), while bank risk consists of operating risk which is measured by operating expenses to operating income ratio (EIR), liquidity risk is measured by loan to deposit ratio (LDR), capital risk is measured by capital adequacy ratio (CAR), and credit risk is measured by non-performing loans (NPL), and third party funds (TPF) are measured by the natural log of total credit. The research population consisted of 46 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a sample of 24 banks taken using a purposive sampling technique. The data collection period is four years with quarterly data (2019-2022). To test the hypothesis used panel data regression. After testing the model with the Chow-test and Hausman-test, the best regression model is the fixed effect model. The results of research using the fixed effect model show that operating risk (EIR) has a significant and negative effect on bank performance, while liquidity risk (LDR) has a significant positive effect on bank performance. Meanwhile, the capital adequacy ratio (CAR), non-performing loans (NPL), and third party funds (TPF) have no effect on bank performance.
Wine acidification methods: a review
Authors: Payan Claire , Gancel Anne-Laure , Jourdes Michael , Christmann Monika , Teissedre Pierre-Louis
Published: August 2023

Global warming is directly linked to a lower concentration in organic acids in grape berries, leading to higher pHs in wine. Because of this lack of acidity, many important factors are impacted, as wine acidity and pH play a crucial role in various equilibriums. Indeed, the lower acidity and the higher pH modify the parameters of wine, such as free and molecular sulfur dioxide availability, colour and sensory aspects. Therefore, it is an ongoing challenge for winemakers to deal with wine acidification and thus preserve wine physico-chemical properties and prevent early spoilage due to microbiological instability induced by high pH. Different acidification methods are allowed by the OIV, chemical acidification being one the most common, followed by physical acidification and microbiological acidification. This review examines these three methods of acidification. The first part details chemical acidification and gives a complete description of various organic acids used in winemaking, and their different properties and regulations; the second part focuses on physical acidification, such as cation exchange resins and electrodialysis; and the last part briefly reviews the novelty of microbiological acidification in wine.
Biomimetic Systems Involving Macrophages and Their Potential for Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Savchenko Ivan V. , Zlotnikov Igor D. , Kudryashova Elena V.
Published: August 2023

The concept of targeted drug delivery can be described in terms of the drug’s ability to mimic the other biological objects’ property to localize to target cells or tissues. For example, drug delivery systems based on red blood cells or mimicking some of their useful features, such as long circulation in stealth mode, have been known for decades. On the contrary, therapeutic strategies based on macrophages have gained very limited attention until recently. Here we review two biomimetic strategies associated with macrophages, that can be used to develop new therapeutic modalities: First, the mimicry of certain types of macrophages (i.e., the use of macrophages, including tumor-associated, or macrophage-like particles as a carrier for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents); and Second, the mimicry of ligands, naturally absorbed by macrophages (i.e., the use of therapeutic agents specifically targeted at macrophages). We discuss potential applications of biomimetic systems involving macrophages for the new advancements in treatment of infections, inflammatory diseases, and cancer.
High-Voltage Electric Power Transmission Monitoring by Micro-Motion Estimation on Synthetic Aperture Radar Data
Authors: Biondi Filippo
Published: August 2023

Today electricity is distributed to the individual users via physical Copper connections. From the power stations, the energy is transported through transmission lines where the electricity, sinusoidally modulated at a fixed frequency of about 50 Hz, is raised up to a voltage in a range approximately variating between 30, and 110 kV. When electrons, aligned at this voltage, pass through the transmission lines, they cause coherent vibrations, sometimes even audible in the acoustic frequencies. In the spectrum of movements to which electric cables are subjected, there are also unexpected and sporadic movements caused by winds and rain. The problem of carrying out persistent, precise and spatially distributed monitoring of transmission line health is to use a large number of sensors physically distributed everywhere and somehow transmit the results to a control station. The use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data could be a viable solution of persistent and wide-area high-voltage vibration monitoring. In this paper we produce a comprehensive survey on how to monitor both movements in terms of vibrational displacement, due to weathering, and those due to electricity transmission, normally fixed at about 50 Hz. The results demonstrate the technical feasibility of an operational use of SAR for these purposes in the very short term. This would allow the possibility of monitoring malfunctions such as black-outs or other frequency anomalies.
Pengembangan Ekowisata melalui Strategi Bauran Komunikasi Pemasaran (Marketing Communication)
Authors: Permata Andhika , Gandhiwati Haililah Tri Gandhiwati , Wanadjaja Timotheus Lesmana
Published: August 2023

The Thousand Islands is a district area that is part of the city of Jakarta. The Thousand Islands consist of 110 islands, of which 16 are resident islands and resort islands or islands that are intended as tourist destinations (Jakarta.go.id, 2019). The Thousand Islands have a variety of beach and marine tourism attractions. As one of the islands in the Jakarta Province area, the existence of marine-based Seribu Islands tourism is unique in its own right. Based on data from the Seribu Islands Tourism and Creative Economy Sub-agency, only 30% of Jabodetabek people know the tourist area well, which is part of the DKI Jakarta area (CNN Indonesia, 2019). The research approach used in this study was qualitative research. The selection of informants was carried out using non-probability techniques due to suitability in the context of qualitative research. Of the various marketing communication mix activities carried out, online publications are still not optimized. In addition, supporting facilities are needed, such as transportation and lodging that are proper and CHSE certified, so that tourists who visit have a different experience and can deliver a massive word-of-mouth campaigns.
Rhein kills Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, reduces biofilm formation, and effectively treats bacterial lung infections in mice
Authors: Ding Haifeng , Bai Yilin , Luo Weiyu , Li Hao , Zhu Chunling , Zhao Xueqin , Sun Huarun , Wen Yuliang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Shouping , Wang Yimin , Zhang Huihui , Chen Shijun , Zhang Gaiping , Wei Zhanyong , Hu Jianhe , Wang Lei , Bai Yueyu
Published: August 2023

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, is known for its highly infectious nature and is the primary causative agent of infectious pleuropneumonia in pigs. This disease poses a considerable threat to the global pig industry and leads to substantial economic losses due to reduced productivity, increased mortality rates, and the need for extensive veterinary care and treatment. Rhein, as an antimicrobial compound, is one of the effective components extracted from Polygonaceae plants which has effects against kinds of bacteria. Here, in this study, we found that Rhein had a good killing effect on A. pleuropneumoniae and that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 25 µg/mL. After 3h of action, Rhein (4×MIC) completely kills A. pleuropneumoniae and Rhein has good stability. In addition, the treatment with Rhein (1×MIC) significantly reduced the formation of bacterial biofilms. Therapeutic evaluation in a murine model showed that Rhein protects mice from A. pleuropneumoniae and relieves lung inflammation. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that Rhein treatment significantly downregulated the expression of the IL-18ཤTNF-αཤp65ཤp38 gene. This study reports the activity of Rhein against A. pleuropneumoniae and its mechanism and reveals, the ability of Rhein to treat A. pleuropneumoniae infection in mice, laying the foundation for the development of new drugs for bacterial infections.
Spontaneous segregation of visual information between parallel streams of a multi-stream convolutional neural network
Authors: Tamura Hiroshi
Published: August 2023

Visual information is processed in hierarchically organized parallel pathways in the primate brain. In lower cortical areas, color information and shape information are processed in a parallel manner, while in higher cortical areas, various types of visual information, such as color, face, animate/inanimate, are processed in a parallel manner. In the present study, the possibility of spontaneous segregation of visual information in parallel streams was examined by constructing a convolutional neural network with parallel architecture in all of the convolutional layers. The results revealed that color information was segregated from shape information in most model instances. Deletion of the color-related stream decreased recognition accuracy in the inanimate category, whereas deletion of the shape-related stream decreased recognition accuracy in the animate category. The results suggest that properties of filters and functions of a stream are spontaneously segregated in parallel streams of neural networks.