bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektifitas Lilin Aromaterapi Serbuk Daun Cengkeh Terhadap Kematian Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Authors: Mustafa Mustafa , Muhlisa Muhlisa , Arba Susan , Irwan Ristyanisari
Published: September 2024

Latar Belakang: Demam berdarah adalah infeksi virus yang dibawa nyamuk Aedes aegypti yangmenyebabkan penyakit mirip flu yang parah dan, terkadang menyebabkan komplikasi yang berpotensimematikan yang disebut demam berdarah. Pemberantasan nyamuk bisa memanfaatkan berbagaitumbuhan yang ada di sekitar mayarakat. Tujuan Penelitian: untuk mengetahui efektivitas lilinaromaterapy serbuk daun cengkeh terhadap kematian nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Metode: Penelitian inimenggunakan penelitian eksperimental dengan metode post test only group control design. Sampelnyamuk yang digunakan adalah nyamuk Aedes Sp betina yang sudah dewasa. Jumlah sampel nyamukyang digunakan sebanyak 150 ekor. Percobaan penelitian dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali denganmelakukan pengamatan selama 12 jam. Pengamatan dimulai pada pukul 09.00 – 21.00. Hasil:  padapenelitian percobaan pertama jumlah kematian nyamuk 100%, percobaan kedua 76% dan percobaanketiga 56 %. Sedangkan pada kontrol (lilin tanpa campuran serbuk daun cengkeh) tidak didapatkanadanya kematian nyamuk pada percobaan satu sampai dengan percobaan ketiga. Suhu rata-rata padapenelitian ini yaitu 30,1oC dan kelembaban 74%. Kesimpulan: Lilin aroamterapy serbuk daun cengkeh memiliki efektifitas terhadap kematian nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Perbandingan Kualitas Kompos Ampas Tahu Dengan Serbuk Kayu Mengunakan Media Takakura
Authors: Purwiningsih Dwi Wahyu
Published: September 2024

Latar Belakang: Menurut WHO, sampah adalah barang yang berasal dari kegiatan manusia yangtidak lagi digunakan, tidak dipakai dan tidak disenangi.Solusi penanganan sampah yang dapat digunakan dengan proses pengomposan. Kompos adalah pupuk yang berasal dari proses pelapukanbahan yang berupa kotoran hewan, dan sampah organik. limbah ampas tahu sebagai kompos denganpenambahan EM4 sebagai aktivator. Dengan tambahan Serbuk kayu yang dihasilkan dari prosespenggergajian.Takakura adalah alat pengomposan sampah organik Tujuan Penelitian: tujuanpenilitian adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas kompos ampas tahu dengan serbuk kayu mengunakanmedia takakura. Metode: jenis penilitian ini Eksperimen. Lokasi penelitian di kampus B programstudi D-III Sanitasi Poltekkes Kemenkes Ternate. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalahsampah organik sebanyak 40kg, kemudian ampas tahu 20 kg dengan serbuk kayu 20 kg.  Hasil:  Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai ampas tahu sudah memenuhi syarat SNI 2803:2010 dengan nilai suhu yaitu 32oC pH yaitu 7,5 dan kelembaban 60%  serta serbuk kayu juga sudah memenuhi syaratSNI 2803:2010 dengan nilai suhu  yaitu 30o C,  pH yaitu 7,5 dan kelembaban 40%. Waktu pengomposan ampas tahu selama 20 hari dengan jumlah kompos sebanyak 5 ons dan serbuk kayumemiliki waktu pengomposan selama 20 hari dengan jumlah kompos 2 kg. Kesimpulan: Kualitaskompos baik dari serbuk kayu maupun ampas tahu sudah menunujukkan kualitas yang memenuhisyarat.
Corporate Governance, Leverage, and Firm Performance in South Korea
Authors: Yun Li
Published: September 2024

Corporate Governance affects corporate financial decisions and is a source of financial performance. This study investigates the complex interplay between corporate governance, leverage, and profitability for a sample of Korean firms. We used data from 510 Koran firms from 2010 to 2020 and employed the Ordinary Least Square estimation technique. Our results show that corporate governance components such as board size, females on board, and audit quality neither impact firms’ leverage nor their profitability. However, the leverage of Korean firms improves their profitability. Our results have managerial implications for Korean firms in managing their performance effectively.
GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESIDUAL CLAY IN ZARIAGI, LOKOJA, NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA: IMPLICATION FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: William Tope E. , Alege Tope S. , Jimoh A. Onimisi , Musa O. Kizito
Published: September 2024

Clay is one of the world's most important and oldest building materials but also poses some challenges for civil and geotechnical engineers. Hence, understanding its geotechnical properties is key to the determination of their industrial applications. The geotechnical characteristics of six residual clay samples from the crystalline basement rocks in Zariagi, Lokoja, north-central Nigeria, were evaluated to determine its suitability for construction and civil engineering. Parameters assessed included particle size distribution, consolidation, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, linear shrinkage, loss on ignition, compaction, and permeability. Grain size analysis and Atterberg limit tests classified the samples as clayey. Liquid limit ranged from 36% to 37%, indicating low plasticity. The plastic limit ranged from 33.38% to 34.66%, and the plasticity index from 2.14% to 2.71%, suggesting the clay exhibits low to medium swelling potential when wet and can withstand volumetric shrinkage when dry, meeting the requirements for barrier soils. Compaction tests revealed an optimum moisture content (OMC) of 14.90% to 18.50% and maximum dry density (MDD) of 1270 kg/m³ to 1320 kg/m³, indicating suitability for building construction. Linear shrinkage percentages ranged from 2.86% to 4.29%, indicating moderate linear and low volumetric shrinkage. Loss on ignition values from 3.74% to 4.49% suggested low organic matter content and the absence of swelling clays. Permeability values ranged from 0.000133 cm/sec to 0.000140 cm/sec, suggest moderate permeability. The results suggest the Zariagi clay is suitable for barrier soil and building construction applications.
Sparta and Euripides’ Electra
Authors: Beer David George
Published: September 2024

From early on the myths of Agamemnon and Orestes had political overtones. In the Iliad it is Agamemnon as king of Mycenae who leads the Argive forces against Troy but, just as early, Agamemnon and Orestes seem to have been closely associated with Laconia.  This article provides a political interpretation of Euripides’ Electra in which I argue that Electra is an anti-Spartan tragedy arising from Sparta’s desire to control Argos. Although the mythological background is the Trojan War, the tragedy reflects the deleterious effects of the Peloponnesian War.  Unlike in Aeschylus’ Oresteia and Sophocles’ Electra where the curse on the royal house forms the central background, the larger focus in Euripides’ tragedy is on the territory of Argos. This point is clearly suggested by having the skene depict a farmer’s hut which, situated somewhere in the mountains, is emblematic of Argive territory. Argos is a polis divided between two hostile parties: Orestes and Electra, the legitimate successors of the former Argive king, Agamemnon, and pro-Spartan usurpers, the Tyndarids, represented in the play by Clytemnestra and supported in the epilogue by her Tyndarid brothers, the Dioscuri.  Castor, their spokesman, provides a completely unsatisfactory moral solution to the revenge of Orestes and Electra, a solution that is simply designed to serve Spartan interests. By imposing a life-long exile on Agamemnon’s children, his legal heirs, Castor leaves Argos open for the Spartans to take control.  The tragedy contrasts a heroic past with a sordid present which accounts for the so called ‘Low Style’ of Electra.  I shall suggest a date between 421–417 BC for the play’s production, when there was an insecure peace between Athens and Sparta and the politics of Argos assumed much importance.
The Impact of Management Information Systems (MIS) on Job Performance During Covid 19, Satisfaction Mediator: Case Study International Students In USIM
Authors: Alzaanin Mohammed J H , Sulaiman Ibrahim Fahad
Published: September 2024

The organizations operations have directly or indirectly affected by COVID-19 pandemic, which making them undergo a major transformation and rethinking the implementation of their business using technology to maintain operations and provide services to customers and users alike, while adhering to the change imposed by the conditions of this pandemic and prohibiting direct face-to-face communication and work. Through the new principles, directives and procedures imposed by the competent authorities. All these procedures and transformations undoubtedly affected the performance of institutions, organizations, and their employees it constituted a challenge to know the impact of these changes on performance. This paper discusses the impact of management information systems (MIS) on job performance with taken the postgraduate students' satisfaction at the University of Islamic Sciences Malaysia (USIM) during COVID-19 pandemic as mediator variable. The study questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of international students registered at the university, consisting of 68 students, and the questionnaire was sent electronically. 51 were obtained with a response rate of 75%. The Spss 25 program was also used to process the data and the hypotheses were tested in a partial least square's manner using the Smartpls3.3 program. The study showed that users' satisfaction mediates the relationship between management infosrmation systems and job performance, and that users' satisfaction is a positive average between management information systems and job performance. It is clear that the dimensions of management information systems have a positive impact on job performance with a value of R2 = 0.620, and this shows that management information systems affect by 62% on job performance and enhance it User satisfaction has a statistically significant effect on job performance, as it appears that user satisfaction positively affects job performance by 31%, where the value is 0.312. There is medium satisfaction with the performance through the information systems used in the university, where the results of the elements of management information systems and performance are shown to a medium degree, and it is good to work on improving the systems used to increase performance and satisfaction of users on this work and the system.
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE CONTRACTS UNDER JORDANIAN LAW: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Al-Freihat Mohammad , Al-Hussien Shaima , Balas Hashim , Alsarayrah Ahmad , Alsmadi Mamoon , Aleissa Talal , Al Wasat Ziad
Published: September 2024

This study explores the legal framework governing electronic commerce contracts within the context of Jordanian Law. It examines the concept, legal nature, and distinctive characteristics of electronic contracts which are essential for determining the legal validity of commercial transactions and contracts in the realm of e-commerce. This study also addresses the disparity between the consumer and the contractor in the performance of electronic contracts, focusing on how the contractors can protect and ensure that both parties uphold their contractual obligations. It further examines potential remedies for this legislative deficiency. There are legal deficiencies in certain aspects of regulating and ensuring the execution of contracts related to electronic commerce. This imbalance must be addressed through the statement of rules of evidence in accordance with the nature of electronic business contracts. The study was carried out in legal terms on the basis of Jordanian laws on this subject, in particular the Jordanian Electronic Transactions Law. The research problem centers on the legal provisions governing electronic contracts under Jordanian legislation and mechanisms for proving the existence of such contracts. This study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach, culminating in several key findings. Among the most significant is the recognition that electronic contracts can be formed without the physical presence of the parties, relying on telecommunication techniques, electronic writing, and digital signatures. This concludes with several recommendations, most notably the necessity for stronger legal protections in online contracting to safeguard against fraud by fictitious companies. Additionally, it highlights the need for a dedicated legal system to address disputes that arise from electronic contracts.
MUHASEBE PROFESYONELLERİNİN İŞ YÜKÜ VE İŞ STRESİNDE TEKNOLOJİK ÇÖZÜMLERİN ROLÜ
Authors: Sevimli Deniz Serpil
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, muhasebe profesyonellerinin iş yükü ve iş stresi üzerinde demografik faktörlerin yanı sıra teknolojik çözümlerin etkisini araştırmaktır. İki aşamalı bir yaklaşım benimsenmiştir: ilk aşamada nicel veriler toplanmış, ikinci aşamada derinlemesine mülakatlar düzenlenmiştir.
Nicel araştırma sonuçlarına göre, demografik faktörlerin (yaş, deneyim, cinsiyet gibi) iş yükü ve iş stresi üzerinde farklı etkileri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Genç ve deneyimsiz muhasebecilerin iş stresinin yüksek olduğu, kadın muhasebecilerin ise iş yükünün fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Nitel araştırma aşamasında, katılımcıların teknolojik çözümlerin iş yükü ve iş stresine etkisi hakkındaki deneyimlerini paylaşmalarına olanak sağlanmıştır. Bulgular, demografik faktörlerin yanı sıra teknolojik çözümlerin de iş yükü ve iş stresini etkilediğini göstermektedir.
Çalışma muhasebe profesyonellerinin iş yükü ve iş stresini anlamak ve etkili çözümler geliştirmek için önemli bir adımdır. Mevzuat değişiklikleri, devletin iş yükünü meslek mensuplarına devretmesi, ilave iş yükü, vergi mevzuatının karmaşıklığı ve personel eksikliği gibi faktörler, muhasebe profesyonellerinin iş stresini artırmaktadır. Teknolojik çözümler ise iş yükünü ve iş stresini azaltma ve kolaylaştırma sağlar.
Вплив фізико-механічних характеристик матеріалу виробів машинобудування на їх зносостійкість
Authors: Ніколаєнко А.П. , Шумакова Т.О.
Published: September 2024

У статті обґрунтовано необхідність підвищення довговічності деталей машин та технічних виробів, з метою забезпечення конкурентоздатності вітчизняного галузевого машинобудування. Ключову роль у покращенні експлуатаційних характеристик відіграє якість поверхневого шару деталей та вузлів. До основних характеристик поверхневого шару деталей відносяться твердість та зносостійкість матеріалу, з якого вони виготовлені. Представлено аналіз поширених технологічних методів підвищення зносостійкості деталей машин шляхом пластичного деформування поверхні та їх порівняння з методом віброабразивної обробки, що проводиться на верстатах з U - подібною формою контейнера. Підкреслено, що універсальність обладнання для ВіО забезпечує можливості здійснення з її допомогою цілого ряду операцій, таких як зачисні, оздоблювальні, у тому числі зміцнюючі. Оскільки фізична природа зміцнення повністю не з’ясована, а також на процес віброабразивної обробки впливають понад 50 факторів, що його ускладнює аналітичний опис, експериментальні дослідження є актуальним завданням.
В статті наведено результати ряду досліджень процесу формування вібронаклепу та параметри, що впливають на зміну мікротвердості поверхневого шару при вібраційній обробці. Проведено дослідження таких параметрів, як амплітуда, частота коливань, робоче середовище. Аналіз результатів дослідження впливу амплітуди і частоти коливань показав, що зі збільшенням амплітуди та частоти коливань відзначається збільшення мікротвердості поверхневого шару. Дані результати пояснюються збільшенням сил мікроударів гранул робочого середовища, які впливають на оброблювану поверхню зразків. На представлених у статті графіках продемонстровано результати досліджень впливу робочого середовища на зміну мікротвердості поверхневого шару зразків. У якості робочого середовища, яке підлягало порівнянню, використовувались сталеві загартовані кулі, фарфорові кулі та абразивні гранули.
Представлені результати експериментальних досліджень впливу вібраційної обробки на зносостійкість виробів машинобудування в умовах тертя поверхонь.
Post-Surgical Infection in Neurosurgical Management: Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Haroon Kaisar
Published: September 2024

Abstract Not Available
Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2024;11(1):1-2
PONUKOVÁ POVINNOSŤ ZAMESTNÁVATEĽA AKO (DOMNELÁ) OCHRANA ZAMESTNANCA PRED SKONČENÍM PRACOVNÉHO POMERU
Authors:   Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Kalinák Natália
Published: September 2024

Cieľom článku je zhodnotiť, do akej miery súčasná právna úprava ponukovej povinnosti poskytuje zamestnancovi ochranu pred skončením pracovného pomeru. Autor príspevku popisuje súčasnú právnu úpravu a poukazuje na aplikačné problémy v praxi vyplývajúce zo strohej formulácie predmetnej povinnosti. Následne autor skúma vývoj právnej úpravy od roku 1965 až po súčasnosť, posudzuje dôvodové správy k jednotlivým právnym predpisom a hľadá motiváciu zákonodarcu, dôvody a argumentačné línie v prospech prijatých zmien a zachovaných ustanovení. V záujme podpory svojho stanoviska autor poukazuje na právnu úpravu ponukovej povinnosti v susedných štátoch, predovšetkým v Českej republike, ktorá vychádzajúc z rovnakého právneho predpisu zvolila odlišný prístup k ponukovej povinnosti. Práca identifikuje možné oblasti na zlepšenie a formuluje návrhy de lege ferenda.
NĚKTERÉ PROBLEMATICKÉ INSTITUTY REKODIFIKACE TRESTNÍHO PRÁVA PROCESNÍHO V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE
Authors:   Charles University, Mulák Jiří , Čihulková Radka
Published: September 2024

Autoři se v tomto článku3 zabývají některými problematickými instituty, které byly navrhovány v rámci rekodifikace trestního práva procesního v České republice. Přestože v tuto chvíli bylo upuštěno od projektu celkové rekodifikace trestního práva procesního v České republice, nelze pochopitelně vyloučit, že se některý z institutů stane součástí právního řádu, pokud si jej osvojí zákonodárce v rámci novelizace. Pozornost je zaměřena na odformalizování zahájení trestního stíhání, koncentraci řízení v trestním procesu, zásadu zneužití práva a umožnění změny zprošťujícího rozsudku na rozsudek odsuzující odvolacím soudem.
Physico-Chemical and Organoleptic Characteristics of Cookies Made from Snake Fruit Cultivar Pondoh Flour (Sallaca edulis Reinw.) and Palm Stem Starch (Arenga pinnata Merr.)
Authors: Kumalasari Ika Dyah , Pradnya Paramitha Dyah Ayu
Published: September 2024

Snake fruit is a food that has a fairly high fiber content and also has vitamin C content. Palm stem starch has starch content so it is used to soften the texture of cookies and also has a high fiber content. The use of snake fruit and palm stem starch aims to produce a cookie formulation that is healthier than commercial cookies with high fiber and vitamin C content. The purpose of this study was to determine the physico-chemical and organoleptic properties of cookies made from snake fruit cultivar pondoh flour and palm stem starch. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 formulations with 3 replications, namely the ratio of palm stem starch flour and snake fruit cultivar pondoh flour 100%:0% (F1), 75%:25% (F2), 50%:50% (F3), 25%:75% (F4) and 0%:100% (F5). Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Duncan's further test with 5% significance level. The experiment was conducted by testing physico-chemical and organoleptic properties on 30 untrained panelists. The results showed that making cookies made from snake fruit cultivar pondoh flour and palm stem starch flour had a significant effect on the physico-chemical and organoleptic properties of cookies. The results obtained are water content 4,96%-6,77%; ash content 1,97%-2,88%; fat content 11,78%-14,37%, protein content 6,34%-8,48%; carbohydrate content 57,05%-63,66%; crude fiber content 9,45%-12,25%; vitamin C content 1,00 mg- 2,87 mg; hardness 154,55 N-523,14 N; color L* 29,39-66,05; color a* 2,27-7,84; color b* 10,92-33,86; and organoleptic test color 1,80-4,43; aroma 2,57-3,92, texture 1,87-4,43, taste 1,97-4,23, overall 2,20-4,30.
Karakterisasi Organoleptik dan Kimia Sosis Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger Kanagurta L.) dengan Penambahan Ampas Tahu Untuk Meningkatkan Gizi Anak
Authors: Jayanti Usman Jienny , Rizkaprilisa Windy , Murti Paulus Damar Bayu
Published: September 2024

Salah satu upaya pencegahan stunting pada anak adalah dengan memberikan asupan gizi yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan anak seperti makanan yang mengandung protein dan kalsium. Ikan kembung (Rastrelliger kanagurta L.) tinggi protein, kalsium, dan fosfor yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan anak. Salah satu pemanfaatan ikan kembung adalah diolah menjadi sosis dengan menambahkan ampas tahu untuk meningkatkan nutrisi pada sosis. Ampas tahu masih dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan karena memiliki kandungan protein tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakterisasi kimia (kadar air, abu, lemak, protein, dan kalsium) dan organoleptik (parameter warna, aroma, tekstur, rasa, dan tingkat kesukaan) sosis ikan kembung dengan penambahan ampas tahu. Desain penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah proporsi ikan kembung, ampas tahu, dan tepung taipoka yang meliputi F0 (45:0:20), F1 (45:5:15), F2 (45:10:10), dan F3 (45:15:5). Berdasarkan hasil analisis sensori, formula sosis terbaik adalah formula F1 dengan nilai rata-rata berdasarkan parameter warna 3.70, aroma 3.95, tekstur 3.8, rasa 3.9, dan keseluruhan 4. Hasil uji kandungan gizi formula terbaik (sosis F1) adalah kadar air 63.07%, kadar abu 2.59%, lemak 1.48%, protein 10.09%, dan kalsium 75.02 mg. Mengkonsumsi beberapa porsi sosis F1 dapat membantu memenuhi gizi balita stunting.
Participación política de la mujer en los Andes
Authors: Quispe-Martínez Dante Euclides
Published: September 2024

The women of the Andes serve as a testament to resilience and fortitude in the face of constraints imposed by social structures and stereotypes. The objective of this study is to analyze the narratives employed by women leaders regarding women’s political participation in the Andes. A qualitative methodology based on a hermeneutic-dialogical foundation was employed, whereby eight women of andean altiplano origin were interviewed using an in-depth interview guide. The questions addressed the following categories: the right to be elected, the role of women in political participation, and the obstacles faced by women in the political environment. As a result, a number of emerging subcategories were identified, including gender participatory democracy, the evolution of female political principles, the characteristics of a female leader, the socio-political aspects of women, the marginalization of women, the transition to female management, gender-related obstacles, and female vindication. These subcategories provide insight into the challenges faced by women in the struggle against sexual harassment, gender-based violence, and all forms of discrimination. They highlight the need for the development of inclusive and ethical systems that promote the rights of the gender in question.
Arc Flash Effects: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sushmitha S. V. , Chennu Rajaramamohanarao , Reddy S. Sudhakara , Gurudev T.
Published: September 2024

The electrical breakdown of a gas occurs when the voltage gradient applied is more than the standard voltage prescribed resulting in electric arc formation and subsequent electrical discharge of a gas (arc discharge) producing visible light called “arc” which glows intensely. This paper reviews Arcing effects and terms related to Arc such as Arc Flash and Arc Blast. As per National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70E standards, arc flash hazards which are categorised into 5 hazard risk categories and the amount of incident energy released during an arc flash event is analysed under Arc Flash Metrics. The amount of intense light released during the arc discharge and sound effects which affect the personnel are discussed here. The arc flash calculations referred to as Fuse and Circuit Breaker are reviewed with reference to the flash protection boundary and the clearing time required for these equipment and Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) required for different hazard risk categories is considered with examples and results are comprehended.
The Phenomenon of Internal Arcing in F-Gas Free (Clean Air) GIS
Authors: Chavan Bindiya , Srinath B. R.
Published: September 2024

Investigating the intricacies of internal arcs is essential for the effective design and maintenance of highly reliable Gas- Insulated Switchgear (GIS). This paper provides a concise overview of internal arc physics, the test setup and the outcomes of tests conducted with clean air. Additionally, it delves into the evaluation of arcing in alternative F-gases as insulating media, presenting a comprehensive perspective along with Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF)6. The consequences of internal arc in clean air GIS are more and nonhazardous compared to SF6 and other F-gases, thus leading to a remarkable reduction of Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) considerations.
RESEARCH TRENDS IN SPORTS SPONSORSHIP: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Seyfi Murat , Polat Hıdır
Published: September 2024

This study seeks to elucidate the history of research and trends in sports sponsorship, and make a worthwhile contribution to the area in accordance with contemporary developments. Within the research scope, bibliometric data on scientific studies conducted with sports sponsorship were retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) database without temporal restrictions. R Studio Bibliometric was used to analyze the data set obtained from 160 studies. While research in the field of sports sponsorship up until 2007 focused on topics such as fast food, sponsorship programs, and management, changes were observed after that year. Studies began incorporating alcohol industries, children's sports, scientific research, corporate social responsibility, and brand concepts. Further paradigm changes in scientific research were observed after 2013, followed by a trend toward consumer expectations in the industry after 2018.
Matching fan and motor design parameters in electric ducted fans
Authors:   University of Cambridge, Sedunin Viacheslav A. , Taylor James V. ,   University of Cambridge, Grimshaw Sam D. ,   University of Cambridge
Published: September 2024

Electric propulsion systems are gaining more research interest as a way to achieve zero-emission aviation. However, scaling up such systems for larger civil aircraft flying at higher flight speeds poses challenges. One major issue is aligning the performance of electric motors with the aerodynamic design of the fan. This paper discusses matching of the fan aerodynamic design parameters with two critical motor parameters, namely the power density of the motor per unit frontal area and the rotational speed. Based on these parameters, a simplified approach for motor assessment and preliminary fan design is proposed. It is shown that for conventional aerodynamic design of the fan the peak flight speeds can only reach 80 m/s due to limitations on the motor side. At higher speeds, most of the motors available on the market cannot deliver sufficient power and speed within required motor outer diameter. As a result, existing motor technologies often require fan design adjustments that lead to higher than optimal flow coefficient. The paper also gives an insight into motor development requirements suited for best practices in aerodynamic design.
Quantifying potential benefits of partial infill on natural frequencies of a compressor blade
Authors:   University of Cambridge, Sedunin Viacheslav A. , Melikhov Igor V. ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Marchenko Jurij G. ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Kalinin Ilya A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
Published: September 2024

Additive manufacturing became a game changer in gas turbines especially for smaller engines as it allows for finer details at smaller scales where existing manufacturing technologies were not feasible. However, to utilize the benefits of AM the design principles should be revised. For turbomachinery blades, one of the key advantages is in partial blade infill – unlike solid machined blades, the 3D printed ones can have the same outer shape but have higher natural frequencies to avoid resonances and be significantly lighter. This paper aims to investigate and quantify the potential benefits for uniform infill and simple lattice structures. The results show a potential of 47%, 35% and 22% rise in natural frequencies for the first three vibration modes respectively, and over 50% mass reduction. The resulting infill shapes agree with physical understanding which led to proposed design principles for rapid exploration of the partial infill for blade frequency control.
Steam compressor flow simulation close to the saturation line using non-ideal gas model
Authors:   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Kajasa Bojan , Lockan Michael ,   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Nicke Eberhard ,   German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Published: September 2024

The heat supply for industrial production in the medium temperature range can be provided by green electricity to substitute fossil energy sources. Here the use of High-Temperature Heat-Pumps (HTHP) is a very promising technology to reduce significantly the power demand. The operation of the HTHP require a dedicated design of the turbomachinary used within. For the working medium low superheated steam a well-adapted non-ideal gas model is required for the 3DRANS simulations. In addition to the temperature dependence, a model adaptation is developed to include the pressure dependence of the gas properties within the CFD simulations. A polytropic state change in temperature and pressure is assumed and determined for the heat capacity along the estimated state change as function of this two gas properties. This polynomial function is developed and applied and only valid between the assumed inlet and outlet state of the compressor stage. A comparison is performed between the calorically and thermally perfect gas model close to a non-ideal gas model, for different operation points. The dependency of the assumed polytropic state change on the developed polynomial function will be shown. The method will be used in the centrifugal compressor design and will be a part of the process chain.
Second-Tier Great Power in Power Transition: Japan’s Trade Policy in East Asia
Authors: Shu Min
Published: September 2024

Since the mid-2000s, Japan has tried to draw a regionwide trade agreement in East Asia. However, from the initial proposal of the CEPEA in 2006, to the twist of the TPP in 2017, and further to the less-than-satisfied conclusion of the RCEP in 2019, Japan’s regional trade policy was far from consistent. I argue that power transition in trade has complicated the environment of Japan’s policymaking. As a second-tier great power, Japan faced the structural uncertainties arising from the rise of China, the decline of its own influences, and the US’s increasingly protectionist trade policy. To cope with these uncertainties, Japan has adopted a status quo-oriented strategy to preserve economic interests, maintain its privileged international status, and uphold the open trade order. These conflicting policy goals not only explain the changing priorities of Japan’s regional trade policy, but shed light on its surprising rapprochement with China under the Abe government.
Statecraft through State-directed Private Governance: Regulatory Guidelines Improve Business Sanction Compliance in Cross-border M&As
Authors: Lu Zhizhen
Published: September 2024

Governments increasingly encourage private companies to self-regulate and voluntarily avoid risky businesses to comply with economic sanctions. Does state-led private governance work, and if so, how? I argue that state-directed private governance improves prudence among firms with high perceived business-specific and transaction-specific risks. Focusing on a 2019 US framework, I examine private sanction compliance in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Empirically, I develop a sector-based measure of business-specific sanction risk perception using past OFAC enforcement cases. I then conduct transaction-level analyses on 7,749 cross-border M&As from the Orbis dataset. Post-framework, M&As involving risky-sector acquirers are, on average, 18% less likely to succeed if due diligence extends beyond five months, indicating significant transaction-specific risks. This reduction in success could reach 68% when due diligence lasts 33 months. However, this difference is insignificant pre-framework. These findings suggest that private self-regulation complements state regulatory oversight in economic statecraft, enabling informed business decisions.
Bridging the gap: a translational perspective in spinal cord injury
Authors: Hassan Omar Imad , Takamiya Soichiro , Asgarihafshejani Azam , Fehlings Michael G.
Published: September 2024

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating and complex condition to treat with no curative options. In the past few decades, rapid advancements in our understanding of SCI pathophysiology as well as the mergence of new treatments has created more optimism. Focusing on clinical translation, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of SCI through its epidemiology, pathophysiology, currently employed management strategies, and emerging therapeutic approaches. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of addressing the heavy quality of life (QoL) challenges faced by SCI patients and their desires, providing a basis to tailor patient-centric forms of care. Furthermore, this paper discusses the frequently encountered barriers in translation from preclinical models to clinical settings. It also seeks to summarize significant completed and ongoing SCI clinical trials focused on neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategies. While developing a cohesive regenerative treatment strategy remains challenging, even modest improvements in sensory and motor function can offer meaningful benefits and motivation for patients coping with this highly debilitating condition.
Evaluating cells metabolic activity of bioinks for bioprinting: the role of cell-laden hydrogels and 3D printing on cell survival
Authors: Mazzoldi Elena Laura , Gaudenzi Giulia , Ginestra Paola Serena , Ceretti Elisabetta , Giliani Silvia Clara
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Tissue engineering has advanced significantly in recent years, owing primarily to additive manufacturing technology and the combination of biomaterials and cells known as 3D cell printing or Bioprinting. Nonetheless, various obstacles remain developing adequate 3D printed structures for biomedical applications, including bioinks optimization to meet biocompatibility and printability standards. Hydrogels are among the most intriguing bioinks because they mimic the natural extracellular matrix found in connective tissues and can create a highly hydrated environment that promotes cell attachment and proliferation; however, their mechanical properties are weak and difficult to control, making it difficult to print a proper 3D structure.

Methods

In this research, hydrogels based on Alginate and Gelatin are tested to evaluate the metabolic activity, going beyond the qualitative evaluation of cell viability. The easy-to-make hydrogel has been chosen due to the osmotic requirements of the cells for their metabolism, and the possibility to combine temperature and chemical crosslinking. Different compositions (%w/v) are tested (8% gel-7% alg, 4% gel-4% alg, 4% gel-2% alg), in order to obtain a 3D structure up to 10.3 ± 1.4 mm.

Results

The goal of this paper is to validate the obtained cell-laden 3D structures in terms of cell metabolic activity up to 7 days, further highlighting the difference between printed and not printed cell-laden hydrogels. To this end, MS5 cells viability is determined by implementing the live/dead staining with the analysis of the cellular metabolic activity through ATP assay, enhancing the evaluation of the actual cells activity over cells number.

Discussion

The results of the two tests are not always comparable, indicating that they are not interchangeable but provide complementary pieces of information.
A pig model exploring the postnatal hair follicle cycle
Authors: Li Shujuan , Zou Quan , Jiang Yao , Wang Yi , Ding Xiangdong
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The hair follicle (HF) is a micro-organ capable of regeneration. A HF cycle consists of an anagen, catagen and telogen. Abnormalities in the HF cycle can lead to many hair disorders such as hair loss. The pig is a good biomedical model, but there are few data on their HF cycle. The aim of this study was to classify the pig HF cycle and determine the feasibility of the pig as an animal model for human HF cycle.

Methods

Skin samples from 10 different postnatal (P) days Yorkshire pigs was collected to determine the key time points of the first HF cycle in pig by H&E staining, immunofluorescence staining, q-PCR and western-blot.

Results

By morphological observation and detection of markers at different stages, pig HF cycle was classified into three main periods - the first anagen until P45, catagen (P45–P85), telogen (P85–P100), and next anagen (>P100). In addition, we examined the expression of important genes AE15, CD34, Versican, Ki67 et al. related to the HF cycle at different stages of pig HF, indicating that pig and human share similarities in morphology and marker gene expression patterns of HF cycle.

Discussion

Our findings will facilitate the study of HF cycle and offer researchers a suitable model for human hair research.
Fabrication and characterization of hybrid thermoelectric materials based on aligned nanowires
Authors: Lee Min-Jeong , Kim Chae Yoon , Lim Jae-Hong
Published: September 2024

This study introduces the synthesis of a hybrid thermoelectric material with enhanced conductivity and a high Seebeck coefficient, leveraging the properties of Te nanowires (NWs) and the conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS. Te NWs were synthesized using the galvanic displacement reaction. To further enhance conductivity, Ag-Te NWs were synthesized under optimized conditions via the Ag topotactic reaction, achieving desired results within 7 min using ethylene glycol and AgNO3. This hybrid material exhibited an electrical conductivity of 463 S/cm, a Seebeck coefficient of 69.5 μV/K at 300 K, and a power factor of 260 μW/mK2. These metrics surpassed those of conventional Te/PEDOT:PSS hybrids by a factor of 3.6, highlighting the superior performance of our approach. This study represents a significant advancement in thermoelectric materials, improving both conductivity and efficiency.
Venom-derived peptides for breaking through the glass ceiling of drug development
Authors: Freuville Lou , Matthys Chloé , Quinton Loïc , Gillet Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2024

Venoms are complex mixtures produced by animals and consist of hundreds of components including small molecules, peptides, and enzymes selected for effectiveness and efficacy over millions of years of evolution. With the development of venomics, which combines genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics to study animal venoms and their effects deeply, researchers have identified molecules that selectively and effectively act against membrane targets, such as ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors. Due to their remarkable physico-chemical properties, these molecules represent a credible source of new lead compounds. Today, not less than 11 approved venom-derived drugs are on the market. In this review, we aimed to highlight the advances in the use of venom peptides in the treatment of diseases such as neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or cancer. We report on the origin and activity of the peptides already approved and provide a comprehensive overview of those still in development.
Examining the interplay of information, emotions, and behavior: PLS-ANN analysis
Authors: Gary Joston
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the interplay between platform information push, consumer emotions, and purchase behavior in Macau’s cross-border e-commerce context using PLS-ANN analysis and piecewise linear regression. The findings reveal nuanced effects of information push on pleasure and annoyance, with distinct patterns emerging at different levels. These emotional responses significantly influence purchase intentions and actual behavior. Pleasure has a positive impact, while annoyance negatively affects outcomes. To optimize consumer sentiment and drive sales, e-commerce platforms should strategically manage information content, presentation, and timing. Harnessing positive emotions, balancing information sufficiency and overload prevention, and fostering long-term emotional connections are crucial. Adapting push strategies to diverse market preferences is vital for cross-border success. The study expands affect-as-information and emotional contagion theories, offering actionable suggestions for precision marketing. Future research should explore additional emotive dimensions, individual differences, and contextual moderators to enrich the model.
Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio for clinical outcome in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Lei , Liu Li , Chai Miaomiao , Cai Zhonggui , Wang Deqi
Published: September 2024

Background

The association between the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and the prognosis of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) has been extensively studied, yet clinical outcomes have varied. Consequently, this analysis was undertaken to explore the link between NLR and the prognostic markers of AF.

Methods

We conducted an exhaustive search across electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, to investigate the correlation between the NLR and indicators of adverse clinical outcomes associated with AF from the database establishment date through March 31, 2024. In this study, the recurrence rate of AF was the primary outcome measure, while the secondary outcome measures were mortality, stroke, and left atrial thrombus. Odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), hazard ratio (HR) and standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were integrated for assessment, and the stability of prognostic outcomes and publication bias were verified by sensitivity analysis and Egger's test, respectively. Subgroup analyses were performed to pinpoint the sources of heterogeneity.

Results

This analysis included 20 studies, encompassing a total of 59,256 patients. Our statistical analysis of both categorical and continuous variables revealed that an elevated NLR was significantly associated with increased risks in AF patients for recurrence (categorical variable: OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.21–1.60; continuous variable: SMD = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.24–0.74), mortality (categorical variable: OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.59–2.20), stroke (categorical variable: OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.13–2.17; continuous variable: SMD = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.63–0.91), and left atrial thrombus (categorical variable: OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.27–2.75; continuous variable: SMD = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.30–0.89). Subgroup analyses found that high NLR was significantly linked to AF recurrence when the NLR was >3. High NLR was significantly linked to the risk of stroke in AF when the NLR was ≤3.

Conclusions

This study suggested that a high NLR is significantly linked to prognostic risk markers of AF, and NLR may be an effective biomarker for the prognosis of AF in clinical practice.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO (CRD42024530970).
Serum high sensitive C-reactive protein level and its correlation with lipid profile among dyspeptic patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection in East Gojjam zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Baye Gelagey , Wondmneh Bayu , Ashenef Baye , Jemal Mohammed , Baylie Temesgen
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Dyspepsia is a group of symptoms located in the gastroduodenal area of the upper gastrointestinal tract characterized by epigastric pain, postprandial completeness, or early satiety and occasionally related to heartburn. Helicobacter pylori is the major causative agent of dyspepsia and gastric-related disorders; besides, it alters different metabolic processes in the human body, such as lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes. Even though dyslipidemia and inflammation are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disorders, we are assessing the interaction between serum lipids and highly sensitive C reactive protein levels among dyspeptic patients to predict potential cardiovascular disorders.

Objectives

To assess serum high sensitive C reactive protein levels and its correlation with lipid profile among dyspeptic patients.

Methods

A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2022 to March 2023 in East Gojjam, Ethiopia. One hundred Helicobacter pylori-positive and 100 Helicobacter pylori-negative dyspeptic patients were included. Data were checked for completeness and entered into SPSS version 26.0 software and analyzed. The association between variables was determined by Pearson correlation analysis. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result

The mean serum high sensitive C reactive protein was 8.09 ± 7.84 mg/L, and serum high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were (35.35 ± 7.5, 105.07 ± 87.63, 142.31 ± 71.31, 160.07 ± 43.06) mg/dl, respectively, for Helicobacter pylori positive dyspeptic patients. Among these values, high-density lipoprotein is negatively correlated with high sensitive C reactive and total cholesterol is positively correlated with high sensitive C reactive levels among Helicobacter pylori-infected dyspeptic patients with a p-value < 0.05, but in Helicobacter pylori negative dyspeptic patients, there is no significant correlation between lipid profile and high sensitive C reactive levels.

Conclusion

Serum high sensitive C reactive levels had a negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein and a positive correlation with total cholesterol among Helicobacter pylori-positive dyspeptic patients. Therefore, the significant interaction between serum lipid levels and inflammation exacerbates the potential risk of cardiovascular disorders among Helicobacter pylori-positive dyspeptic patients.
Development and validation of a predictive model for assessing the risk of follicular carcinoma in thyroid nodules identified as suspicious by intraoperative frozen section
Authors: Li Cheng , Luo Yong , Gan Yongli , Jiang Yan , Li Qi , Huang Jin
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is the second most common thyroid malignancy and is characterized by a higher risk of distant metastasis compared to papillary thyroid cancer. Intraoperative frozen section (IOFS) diagnosis of FTC is challenging due to its limited sensitivity and accuracy, leading to uncertainty in intraoperative surgical decision-making. In response, we developed a predictive model to assess the risk of follicular carcinoma in thyroid nodules identified as suspicious for follicular neoplasm by IOFS.

Methods

This model was derived from preoperative clinical and ultrasound data of 493 patients who underwent thyroid surgery at Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital. It identified five significant predictors of follicular carcinoma: nodule size, thyroglobulin (Tg) level, hypoechogenicity, lobulated or irregular margins, and thick halo.

Results

The model demonstrated robust discrimination and calibration, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77-0.90) in the training set and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.68-0.88) in the validation set. In addition, it achieved a sensitivity of 81.63% (95% CI: 69.39-91.84) and 68.00% (95% CI: 48.00--4.00), a specificity of 77.42% (95% CI: 72.18-82.66) and 72.51% (95% CI: 65.50-78.96), an accuracy of 78.1% (95% CI: 73.4-82.4) and 71.9% (95% CI: 65.3-78.6), a positive predictive value (PPV) of 41. 67% (95% CI: 35.65-48.84) and 26.79% (95% CI: 19.40-34.33), respectively, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.61% (95% CI: 92.86-97.99) and 94.07% (95% CI: 90.44-97.08) in the training and validation sets, respectively.

Conclusion

The model can accurately rule out FTC in low-risk nodules, thereby providing surgeons with a practical tool to determine the necessary extent of surgical intervention for nodules flagged as suspicious by IOFS.