bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Various Machine Learning Algorithms in Prediction of Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Authors: Sandhu Sarojini  , S. Akhilesh
Published: August 2023

With a high rate of morbidity and mortality as well as the ability to spread other diseases, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major worldwide health concern. Patients sometimes overlook the disease in the early stages of CKD since there are no evident symptoms. Early diagnosis of CKD enables patients to receive effective treatment in time to slow the disease's progression. Due to their quick and precise detection capabilities, machine learning models can help therapists accomplish this goal efficiently. In this research, we suggest a machine learning approach to CKD diagnosis. The website KAGGLE provided the CKD data set, which has a significant number of missing values.. The mean value is used to fill in the blanks; for object data types (strings), we utilized the most frequent object (string) to replace the missing values. Since patients may overlook particular measurements for a variety of reasons, missing values are typically observed in real-world medical scenarios. Four machine learning algorithms—Logistic Regression, SVM, Random Forest Classifier, and Decision Tree Classifier—were applied to create models after successfully completing the incomplete data set. Random Forest has the highest accuracy of these machine learning models.
Early Warning System to Prevent Animal-Train Collision
Authors: Gayathri K K  , Shinta K S  , Rohith Prakasan T  , Sreelakshmi P S
Published: August 2023

The project aims to prevent animal-train collisions by using an image processing system that can identify obstacles on the train tracks, particularly animals. The project utilizes machine learning algorithms to identify the obstacles and send a notification to the train if an obstacle is detected. The system uses an IoT application and Bluetooth transmitter to send a message to the train and trigger a buzzer notification. By utilizing technology, the project hopes to reduce the number of animal-train collisions and improve safety for both humans and animals. The system utilizes machine learning algorithms to identify the obstacles in real-time and send a notification to the train via an IoT application and Bluetooth transmitter. If an obstacle is detected, a buzzer notification will be triggered on the train, alerting the driver to slow down or stop. The image processing system is designed to be highly accurate and efficient in identifying animals on the tracks, even in challenging lighting or weather conditions. The system is trained using a large dataset of images of animals and non- animal objects on train tracks, enabling it to recognize animals of various sizes, shapes, and colors. Overall, the goal of this project is to reduce the number of animal-train collisions and improve the safety of train travel. By leveraging the power of machine learning and IoT technology, this system can provide an effective solution to a pressing safety issue." To accomplish this, the project utilizes an image processing system that is highly accurate and efficient in identifying animals on the tracks, even in challenging lighting or weather conditions. The system is trained using a large dataset of images of animals and non-animal objects on train tracks, enabling it to recognize animals of various sizes, shapes, and colors. The goal of this project is to reduce the number of animal- train collisions and improve the safety of train travel. By leveraging the power of machine learning and IoT technology, this system can provide an effective solution to a pressing safety issue.
Sustainable Nanotechnology- Green Synthesis Methods for Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: V. Pushpa Rani  , D. Antony Prabhu
Published: August 2023

Silver has a long history of being an excellent substance in its field of medicine Because of their special qualities, they have been used for a wide range of products, including antibacterial agents, household, industrial, and healthcare-related items, coatings for medical devices, drug delivery, and eventually to increase the tumor-killing effects of anticancer drugs. By the help of nanotechnology pure silver nanoparticles is obtained. The bioreduction of metal ions into their elemental form in the size range of 1–100 nanometers (nm) is known as "green synthesis," and it requires the use of plants or plant parts. As a result, the biological activities are increased and the toxicity level is decreased when AgNPs are synthesised using a green method. Scientists and researchers from various fields are becoming more and more interested in synthesising nanoparticles, particularly silver nanoparticles. However, they are unsure of the proper procedures to follow and the safety precautions to take when synthesising AgNPs, which is why the main goal of this paper is to provide a detailed methodology for the environmentally friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
Assessment of knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward genetic diseases among medical students studying in a tertiary health-care teaching hospital in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Johar Pulkit , Puri Oshin , Kumar Verma Prashant
Published: August 2023

There is a high prevalence of genetic disorders in India. Factors that favor high prevalence are the large population, high birth rate, and consanguineous marriage in many communities. The majority of physicians rely upon knowledge of medical schools gained at the undergraduate level. Currently, at the undergraduate level Medical Genetics, is being taught by different departments in different semesters. It creates a lack of continuity and integrity. This Study identified that medical students have limited knowledge about basic medical genetics, moderate awareness regarding the epidemiological and social impact of genetic diseases and an optimistic attitude towards management of genetic diseases in the society. Curricular teaching and practical exposure might be helpful in increasing the knowledge and awareness and inculcate practicality in students’ attitude.
Sports Sentiment and Return Differentials of Cross-Listed Firms: Evidence from Chinese A- and H-Shares
Authors: Wu Qinqin , Chou Robin K. , Lu Jing
Published: August 2023

Abstract: We explore the relationship between the Chinese Football Association Super League (CSL) game outcomes and the returns differentials of Chinese cross-listed A- and H-shares. We find that a team’s win leads to a significant rise in the next-day return differentials for locally headquartered firms. Furthermore, the win effects are more pronounced for critical games, games with high attention, and firms with low institutional investor shareholding. In contrast, the loss effects are more significant if a CSL team loses by a margin of more than 2.5 points. Additionally, sports sentiment mainly affects high-liquidity sectors because their silent characteristic tends to be compatible with sports sentiment.
Knowledge, treatment adherence, and quality of life of heart failure patients at Nhan Dan Gia Dinh Hospital
Authors: Hoang Cuong Van , Dang Tran Ngoc , Nguyen Do Nguyen , To Kien Gia
Published: August 2023

Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common diseases worldwide, with a high prevalence and mortality, creating a significant cost burden on patients, society, and the healthcare system. As a result, extensive research has been conducted to investigate advanced treatment methods for heart failure, and patient adherence plays a crucial role in optimizing treatment effectiveness. This study aims to describe the current status of patients’ knowledge, treatment adherence, and quality of life among outpatients with heart failure visiting for routine treatment at Nhan Dan Gia Dinh Hospital.

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted on 330 outpatients with heart failure who were visited for routine treatment at Nhan Dan Gia Dinh Hospital. All data were collected through face-to-face interviews using constructed questionnaires.

The study showed the limit of heart failure knowledge among patients, with a mean score of 5.2 ± 2.3. Only 4.8% of patients were adequate overall heart failure knowledge. The treatment adherence was limited, with an overall adherence rate of 20.9%. The patient’s quality of life was generally stable at a high level, with a mean of 0.871 for the descriptive system score and 0.697 for the standardized VAS score.

The adherence rate of patients with HF was low, particularly among those with non-drug adherence. Very few patients with heart failure have adequate knowledge of heart failure. More support and health education programs on heart failure treatment adherence are needed for patients to increase their knowledge, adherence and improve their quality of life.
Research advances in magnesium and magnesium alloys worldwide in 2020
Authors: Yang Yan , Xiong Xiaoming , Chen Jing , Peng Xiaodong , Chen Daolun , Pan Fusheng
Published: August 2023

Research on magnesium alloys continues to attract great attention, with more than 3000 papers on magnesium and magnesium alloys published and indexed in SCI in 2020 alone. The results of bibliometric analyses show that microstructure control and mechanical properties of Mg alloys are continuously the main research focus, and the corrosion and protection of Mg alloys are still widely concerned. The emerging research hot spots are mainly on functional magnesium materials, such as Mg ion batteries, hydrogen storage Mg materials, and bio-magnesium alloys. Great contributions to the research and development of magnesium alloys in 2020 have been made by Chongqing University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Central South University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Northeastern University, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, etc. The directions for future research are suggested, including: 1) the synergistic control of microstructures to achieve high-performance magnesium alloys with concurrent high strength and superior plasticity along with high corrosion resistance and low cost; 2) further development of functional magnesium materials such as Mg batteries, hydrogen storage Mg materials, structural-functional materials and bio-magnesium materials; 3) studies on the effective corrosion protection and control of degradation rate of magnesium alloys; 4) further improvement of advanced processing technology on Mg alloys.
Cymbiola nobilis shell: Toughening mechanisms in a crossed-lamellar structure
Authors: Li Xiaowu , Ji Hongmei , Chen Daolun
Published: August 2023

Natural structural materials with intricate hierarchical architectures over several length scales exhibit excellent combinations of strength and toughness. Here we report the mechanical response of a crossed-lamellar structure in Cymbiola nobilis shell via stepwise compression tests, focusing on toughening mechanisms. At the lower loads microcracking is developed in the stacked direction, and channel cracking along with uncracked-ligament bridging and aragonite fiber bridging occurs in the tiled direction. At the higher loads the main mechanisms involve cracking deflection in the bridging lamellae in the tiled direction alongside step-like cracking in the stacked direction. A distinctive crack deflection in the form of “convex” paths occurs in alternative lamellae with respect to the channel cracks in the tiled direction. Furthermore, a barb-like interlocking mechanism along with the uneven interfaces in the 1st-order aragonite lamellae is also observed. The unique arrangement of the crossed-lamellar structure provides multiple interfaces which result in a complicated stress field ahead of the crack tip, hence increasing the toughness of shell.
Analisis Pengaruh Maqashid Syariah Terhadap Fatwa DSN-MUI Tentang Penyelesaian Utang Murabahah
Authors: Hanif Ahmad , Susanto Hari , Armen Rio Erismen
Published: August 2023

This study aims to examine how the implementation of maqâshid syarî'ah in the DSN-MUI fatwas regarding the settlement of murabahah debts and to see how far the influence of maqâshid syar'ah on these fatwas. The method that the researcher uses in this research is a qualitative method and also a research on Islamic legal philosophy. The data collection method used is literature search. The data obtained were then processed and analyzed according to the research objectives. This study found that DSN-MUI implements and considers maqâshid syarîah in the fatwas regarding the settlement of murabahah debts. DSN-MUI does not mention maqâshid syarîah as a specific argument, but maqâshid is contained in the meaning of verses, hadiths, fiqh rules, choices of tarjih, and choices of other ijtihad mechanisms. Some of the maqâshid syarîah implemented by DSN-MUI in the fatwa regarding the settlement of murabahah debts include: hifzu al-mâl (guarding property) both from the side of producing it or from the side of maintaining it, sad bab al-nizâ' wa subul al-daghâ`in (closing the door disputes and hostilities), al-taysîr (facilitating) and dar`u al-darar (avoiding danger). The influence of maqâshid syarîah in the DSN-MUI fatwa can be observed based on the following: the selection of opinions (tarjih), looking for a better benefit even by leaving the opinion of the majority of scholars (jumhur), paying attention to the dynamics of the fatwa due to changes in 'illah, and presenting solutions and alternatives sharia-compliant contracts, paying attention to the consequences of a contract (ma'alat).
Soil and climatic conditions of the Far North as an environment for growing perennial grasses for biological reclamation
Authors: Motorin Aleksandr
Published: August 2023

The study of water and temperature regimes was carried out at the bottom of a 25‑year-old sand pit in the forest-tundra zone of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (15 km from Salekhard). Based on the analysis of the results of field studies, the dependence of the moisture content of sandy soil on the amount of precipitation (r = 0,58–0,93) was established. In the conditions of the forest-tundra zone of the Yamalo-Nenets

Autonomous Okrug, the moisture reserves in the agrocenoses of perennial grasses depend on the moisture supply of the growing season and can vary from excessive moisture (in early spring and autumn) to an acute deficit in summer (20–30 % HB in the soil layer 0,4 m).
On the reliability of pipeless drainage
Authors: Shtykov Valeriy , Ponomarev Andrey , Yanko Yuri
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Based on the analysis of the performed theoretical, laboratory and field studies of cavityless drainage, both the authors of this article and other researchers established the conditions for ensuring the reliability of its operation during the standard service life. Methods: analysis of the causes and quantitative assessment of the entry of silting particles into the pores of drains from the soil surrounding the drain showed, that in the case of protection of drains from silting with geotextiles, the inflow of particles smaller than 0.05 mm is due to the fact that such particles are colmatizing and geotextiles, in accordance with the requirements for it, must pass them. Another source of their entry is the possibility of formation of filtration deformations at the contact of the drain filler with the surrounding soil when the filtration flow reaches velocities exceeding the erosive ones. Geotextile materials, which are widely used as protective and filtering materials, must pass water into the drainage in the spring, even while still in a frozen state. Results: it has been established that in the laminar regime, filtration deformations in cohesive soils at the contact of the filler with the soil surrounding the drain do not occur in the absence of vibrodynamic loading. In cavityless drainage used in industrial and civil construction, as well as in the case of draining agricultural fields, clogging particles let through by geotextiles reduce the cross-sectional area of drains by no more than 10%. When draining the railway subgrade by pipeless drainage, it is not advisable to protect the drain filler from above. At the same time, the height of the silted part of the drains does not exceed 10 cm for 100 years, which must be taken into account at the design stage. In the case of using geotextile materials as protective and filtering materials, their water loss coefficient μ should be ≥ 0.65 with porosity ≥ 0.8.
Digital Stories for Enhancing Palestinian Refugee School Children’s English Reading Micro-skills: Action Research Study
Authors: Hamouda Heba
Published: August 2023

This action-research-based study aims to investigate the effect of digital stories on students' English micro-skills of reading by designing a series of seven digitized stories based on the seven themes covered in English for Palestine, fourth grade. A digital story is a newly recognized technique in teaching that is believed to improve students’ learning and make it more real and meaningful. It is a technological facility that allows storytellers to accompany their scratch stories with different sorts of multimedia such as video clips, recorded audio, computer generated text and music so that they can be played on learners’ computers and mobiles. The specific objectives of this research are to identify students’ English micro-skills of reading, to illustrate how reading micro-skills-based digital stories can be designed, to illustrate how these stories can be used as a medium to develop English micro-skills of reading and to evaluate the outcome of this technique on these skills. This research study adopted a descriptive analytical approach using a mixed-methods design. The study employed two primary data collection instruments: pre/posttests and reading assessment sessions, and three secondary ones: field notes, comprehension worksheets, and parental reports. The sample consisted of 84 children from UNRWA Biet Lahia Elementary School in North Gaza. The researcher examined the effect of digital stories on students’ English reading micro-skills in the experimental group while maintaining the traditional teaching techniques with the control one. The findings revealed that digital stories can largely enhance students' English micro-skills of English. Additionally, it promotes students' motivation, critical thinking skills, self-confidence and enthusiasm. The researcher recommended further studies in this area with adequate preparation and planning during the whole process of action research.
UAV movement planning in mountainous terrain
Authors: Romaniuk Leonid , Chykhira Ihor , Kartashov Vitalii , Dombrovskyi Ihor
Published: August 2023

The principles of planning of unmanned aerial vehicle movement in mountainous terrain are described in this paper. It is emphasized that the movement of the aerial vehicle takes place along the trajectory on a certain trajectory movement model, where unmanned aerial vehicle is represented as material point, the mass of which is concentrated in the center of mass. A discrete model in the linear state space that approximates the dynamics of an unmanned aerial vehicle is proposed. The general spatial movement of unmanned aerial vehicle is divided into longitudinal and lateral movement, and the longitudinal movement is considered independently of the lateral movement, taking into account the characteristics of the flight of unmanned aerial vehicle in mountainous terrain. The selection of the polygon from a certain set of irregularities in relation to the speed limit, acceleration limit and change in acceleration of unmanned aerial vehicle in the conditions of movement in mountainous terrain is graphically presented. It is emphasized that since the corresponding heights for any point on the curved surface of the relief are unknown, in order to obtain them, it is necessary to use the interpolation of the vertices of the corresponding triangle. It is noted that while choosing certain values of the coefficients, it is possible to describe the surface of the terrain using triangles, taking into account the combinations of coordinates of each known peak, and using the combinations of undefined coefficients as variable solutions, it is possible to describe the restrictions on the bending of the mountainous terrain. It is emphasized that during trajectory movement, the unmanned aerial vehicle is presented as material point, and in a real flight over mountainous terrain, its characteristic dimensions must be taken into account in order to avoid the obstacle successfully. It is proposed to increase the dimensions by a certain amount in each direction for effective obstacle avoidance of the unmanned aerial vehicle in mountainous terrain.
Characteristics of the deformation diagram of AMg6 alloy
Authors: Fedak Serhii , Yasnii Oleg , Didych Iryna , Kryva Nadiya
Published: August 2023

The parameters of the deformation of AMg6 alloy diagram under conditions of uniaxial tension were studied, taking into account the areas of material strengthening. The dependence of the change in magnitude of deformation occurring after jump-like increments in deformation caused by the destruction of dispersed phases in this alloy was revealed. A method of taking into account the revealed regularities in predicting the general deformation of AMg6 alloy based on the histogram of distribution of dispersed particles in the material is proposed.
Ensuring the energy efficiency of heat supply energy systems functioning by justifying the choice of glazing units for the external enclosing structures of buildings
Authors: Koval Vadym , Zin Myroslav , Kostyk Liubov , Buniak Oleh
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the further development and implementation of technologies that allow some considerable reducing energy consumption and, as a result, reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In Ukraine and abroad, a huge amount of heat is lost through the external enclosing structures of buildings. The largest specific heat losses occur through translucent enclosures, in particular, windows, the main elements of which are double-glazed windows. Today, manufacturers offer double-glazed windows, which are characterized by different costs and energy efficiency. The buyer does not know which double-glazed window to choose. We have proposed a clear and understandable method of solving this issue. For example, two different double-glazed windows were considered and a comparison was made on their cost, thermal resistance of heat transfer, and the ability to save certain amounts of heat and money for its purchase during operation. A feasibility study of additional capital investments in double-glazed windows with improved characteristics instead of conventional double-glazed ones has been carried out. Its results show that, at the current stage of the society development, the use of double-glazed windows with improved characteristics, despite their higher cost, is economically more appropriate than conventional double-glazed windows. This applies to external translucent fences of buildings of any purpose and form of ownership - both residential and industrial, public, which are on the balance sheets of local and state budgets, etc. The results of all calculations are explained in detail and presented in the form of a table. In addition, a simple and clear scheme of technical and economic substantiation of additional capital investments in a double-glazed window with improved characteristics is presented instead of an ordinary one, which can be used at the design stages of new construction or thermal renovation of existing buildings to ensure the selection of the most rational structural solutions. The materials of the article can be generalized to any other cases of technical and economic substantiation of the choice of options for technical solutions in energy-efficient projects.
Method of assessment of cavitation-erosion wear resistance of metals in electrolyte media
Authors: Stechyshynа Nadiya , Stechyshyn Myroslav , Lukyanyuk Mykola , Martynyuk Andriy , Tsepenyuk Mykhailo
Published: August 2023

The paper considers a method of assessing the cavitation-erosion wear resistance of metals, which can be used to obtain data on the cavitation-erosion wear resistance of materials and coatings in laboratory conditions, which correspond to the data of operational tests. The essence of the method is the intensification of corrosion processes during cavitation-erosive wear of samples on a magneto-strictive vibrator (MSV) with the help of their anodic polarization. The value of the polarization current is found by the values of the coefficient of amplification of the mechanical factor of the destruction of the surface during tests on a magneto-strictive vibrator (MSV) and the data of field tests. Corrosion current in a given environment is found during full-scale tests. To reduce the labor intensity and time of research, operational data is obtained on a specially designed and manufactured installation, which is a simplified version of a hydrodynamic tube (HT). The developed assessment method applies only to corrosive electrolyte environments.
Formation of input information arrays for computer simulation of welded trusses behavior under thermal force effects
Authors: Kovalchuk Yaroslav , Shynhera Natalya , Shved Yaroslav
Published: August 2023

A methodological approach is proposed for detecting the behavior of welded structures under thermomechanical influences with high reliability of results using computer modeling experiments. A series of samples were produced from a batch of rolled angle bars with dimensions of 25x25x4. By applying standardized methods on the certified electro-hydraulic testing complex STM-100, experimental investigations of the mechanical characteristics of VSt3ps steel were conducted both at room temperature and within the range of technological and fire temperatures. The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis, and an input data array for the ultimate strength and yield strength of VSt3ps steel was formed within the temperature range from +20 to +450°C. It was found that the research results follow a normal distribution law. The scattering of values for the ultimate strength is 2.1%, and for the yield strength is 2.6%, which is significantly lower than the information provided by Ukrainian National Standard and quality certificates of the material.
INTERSTYLISTIC ADVERBIAL EQUIVALENTS OF THE WORD IN THE MODERN UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE
Authors:   National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Kyiv, Ukraine, SUKHOVETS Yuliia
Published: August 2023

In recent times, in Slavic linguistics, great attention is paid to the bound disjointed compounds that are on the border between the word and the phraseologism mostly called the equivalents of the word. Scholars have studied semantics, the form of expression, and some aspects of functional-stylistic features of these units on text materials of different functional styles, but, at the same time, no comprehensive research into the functioning of interdisciplinary equivalents of the word has not been done yet. The author of the article identifies the composition of adverbial equivalents of the word that are actively operating in all or most functional styles of the modern Ukrainian language. The research employed the integral extract method, the distributive analysis method, the methods of component and contextual analysis, the methods of functional and stylistic analysis, as well as the matrix method, the method of opposition relations, and the quantitative calculations method. The sources of the research material were texts published during 2010–2021, including translations, of six functional styles of the modern Ukrainian language — confessional, scientific, official-business, journalistic, colloquial, and artistic. An interdisciplinary character most often has adverbial equivalents of the word with generalized semantics of time and method of action. The most frequent among them were the compounds tak samo — same, vse (use) odno — anyway, chas vid (od) chasu — from time to time, ves chas — all the time, z (iz) chasom — with time, na sohodni — for today. For this time, there is no strict regularity in using the adverbial equivalents of the word in texts of different functional styles of the modern Ukrainian language. It all depends on the writer, the author of a specific text, or the predilection of the speaker. However, the official-business style significantly differs in this case, due to the distinct conventional presentation form of specific information. The study of units used in different functional styles will make it possible to trace the extent to which the boundaries of these styles are changing, as well as to determine the role of differently designed, but semantically coherent lexical elements at the current stage of the Ukrainian language system development.
РОЗВИТОК ДЕМОКРАТІЇ ТА СВОБОДИ СЛОВА ЯК ЧИННИКИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВЕРХОВЕНСТВА ПРАВА
Authors: Круглов Віталій
Published: August 2023

Функціонування політичних, економічних, суспільних процесів у державі спирається на дотримання правових основ, чіткого виконання законодавчих норм, неупередженості судової гілки влади. Зазначені підходи передбачають наявність відповідних напрямів, що формують верховенство права. Класичне розуміння верховенства права потребує дотримання порядку і безпеки, обмеження окремих повноважень органів державної влади, проведення антикорупційної політики тощо. Важливим чинником є наявність відповідного розвиненого інституційного середовища, яке слугує каталізатором утвердження верховенства права. Запропоновано розглянути компоненти такого середовища (рівень демократичного розвитку та свободи слова), які мають безпосередній зв’язок із утвердженням верховенства права у країні. Метою статті є виокремлення сучасних закономірностей, принципів, механізмів забезпечення верховенства права через системний аналіз проблем демократії та свободи слова на прикладі європейських країн та України. Запропоновано в методологічному підході до визначення показників верховенства права, демократії та свободи слова використовувати сучасні моделі глобального ранжування (Індекс верховенства права, Індекс демократії, Індекс свободи слова). Визначено на основі побудови графічних моделей зв’язки між верховенством права, демократією та свободою слова; стан компонентів, які характеризують рівень верховенства права в Україні та основні тенденції його розвитку останніми роками. Дослідження окремих європейських країн та України дало змогу виявити закономірності щодо відповідності показників верховенства права рівню демократії та свободи слова. Наслідками високого рівня верховенства права є економічне зростання, соціальна справедливість та посилення довіри до владних інституцій. Неефективність правового, економічного та адміністративного механізмів державного управління забезпечення верховенства права може суттєво погіршувати підтримання демократичних принципів і свободу слова. Неспроможність держави забезпечити прогрес у сфері верховенства права в Україні стала наслідком недосконалості механізмів державного управління, які реалізовують необхідні державно-управлінські завдання. Забезпечення сталого економічного розвитку, збереження демократичних цінностей та свобода слова дають змогу гарантувати високі показники верховенства права.
Auto Mesh generation algorithm for the convex domain with the triangular elements
Authors: Nahara Syeda Sabikun , Rahman Md Sadekur , Karim Md Shajedul
Published: August 2023

Mesh creation is one of the primary tasks in implementing the Finite Element Method (FEM) to solve two- and three-dimensional boundary value problems. However, the whole procedure becomes tedious and problematic when higher-order finite elements are employed to construct mesh and prepare corresponding element data.  In this study, we strive to develop a versatile algorithm for discretizing the two-dimensional domain using linear, quadratic, and cubic triangular finite elements. The algorithm is developed based on n vertices (actual or more in number) that constitute the boundary of the domain, along with a computed (n+1)-th point such as the centroid. The algorithm, using this input, generates an initial mesh consisting of n triangular elements. Then, in every subsequent step, the algorithm increases the number of triangles in the mesh fourfold compared to the previous step.  The algorithm we present here can employ (a) straight-sided (linear, quadratic, and cubic) triangular elements to generate the mesh for domains with polygonal boundaries and (b) both straight-sided and curved (quadratic and cubic) triangular elements with two straight sides and one curved side to generate meshes for domains with curved boundaries.  Thus, the algorithm generates the desired meshes if the vertices are specified once at the initial step. Additionally, the inclusion of the mathematical expression of the curved boundary enables the algorithm to generate the fine mesh for the curved domain utilizing higher-order curved and straight-sided triangular elements. We also present a computer code in MATLAB incorporating the algorithm to create the mesh, prepare the element's data, and determine the element's connectivity.

GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. 43.1 (2023) 017- 035
Automorphic Forms and Holomorphic Functions on the Upper Half-plane
Authors: Alam Md Shafiul
Published: August 2023

We define a set of holomorphic functions in terms of the Hauptmodul of a quotient Riemann surface and prove that these functions are holomorphic on the upper half-plane. It is also shown that these functions are automorphic forms of weight k with respect to a Fuchsian group.

GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. 43.1 (2023) 036- 044
Finite element simulation on MHD Free Convection in a Square Enclosure with Elliptical Shaped Obstacle
Authors: Hossaina Muhammad Sajjad , Sardera C K , Hoquea K E , Bangaleeb M Z I , Billaha M M , Uddin M Ashraf
Published: August 2023

The study is focused on the magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) free convection flow phenomenon with varied positions of elliptical obstacle in a square enclosure. Cavity's base wall is uniformly heated, and the enclosure has a cold top wall and insulated side walls. Three diverse positions of elliptical obstacle, such as, left-bottom elliptical obstacle (LBEO), right-bottom elliptical obstacle (RBEO) and right-top elliptical obstacle (RTEO) are deemed for the analysis inside the enclosure. Additionally, the elliptical barriers are evenly heated. The mathematical model was created using a few governing equations with boundary conditions, and the non-dimensional governing equations were then solved using a Galerkin finite element formulation. Various elliptical obstacles and the parametric research study for the wide range of Hartmann number (0≤Ha≤100), fixed Rayleigh number (Ra = 103) and Prandtl number (Pr = 0.7) have been used in this case. The results have been demonstrated for various positions of elliptical obstacle (LBEO, RBEO and RTEO) using the streamline phase, isotherms, and average Nusselt number in the cavity. The average Nusselt number was found to drop for the pattern of LBEO and RBEO when the Hartman number was raised, but increased for RTEO pattern.

GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. 43.1 (2023) 063- 075
Manual operativo para la inclusión de niños y niñas de 3 a 5 años: Con necesidades educativas especiales, derivadas de la discapacidad física
Authors:   Universidad del Azuay, Toral-Tenorio Juanita
Published: August 2023

Saber ¿qué?, ¿cuándo? y ¿cómo? trabajar con niños y niñas en edad inicial que presentan una dificultad motriz y que deben ser incluidos en un centro de desarrollo infantil, ha sido una preocupación constante de los docentes. Para entender y poder llevar a cabo todo este proceso inclusivo, es necesario que la comunidad educativa y la sociedad en general estén preparadas para ello. Este manual agrupa una fundamentación teórica sobre la discapacidad física, a través de la investigación bibliográfica actualizada y un componente práctico con aportaciones significativas y aplicables a cualquier situación real que se presenten en los centros de desarrollo infantil. Para su organización se toman como referencia los aportes teóricos de diferentes autores y corrientes que buscan la creación de currículos pertinentes, los mismos que aspiran a la formación global del ser humano, respetando la diversidad. Su elaboración considera a cada uno de los elementos y actores que participan en la práctica de la inclusión. 177 páginas ISBN: 978-9978-325-35-3
Manual operativo para la inclusión de niños y niñas de 3 a 5 años: Con necesidades educativas especiales, derivadas de la discapacidad visual
Authors:   Universidad del Azuay, Córdova González María Lorena
Published: August 2023

Saber qué, cuándo y cómo trabajar con las niñas y niños que se encuentran incluidos en un centro de desarrollo infantil, ha sido una preocupación constante de toda la comunidad educativa, especialmente de aquellos que tienen la suerte de laborar en este ámbito educativo y sueñan con una escuela que brinde educación y acoja con calidad y calidez a las niñas y niños con discapacidad visual. No resulta fácil afrontar el reto de la inclusión; el desconocimiento sobre la discapacidad visual, el temor, el miedo a lo desconocido, al fracaso; son aspectos que durante décadas frenaron este derecho fundamental de las niñas y niños con discapacidad visual. Por ello se considera necesario la realización de un trabajo investigativo que aporte a los profesionales de educación inicial bases teóricas y prácticas para llevar a cabo procesos inclusivos que respondan a las necesidades educativas especiales de los niños y niñas con discapacidad visual. Para ayudarlos es necesario conocer sus necesidades educativas, estilos, ritmos, motivaciones para el aprendizaje, contexto sociocultural, etc.; solo así se pueden desarrollar estrategias educativas variadas y válidas para que se desarrollen como personas. Por tal razón se elabora una propuesta operativa inclusiva que tiene como objetivo fundamental brindar información necesaria y adecuada a los centros de desarrollo infantil, las y los profesores, equipos de apoyo, padres de familia y comunidad, sobre el manejo educativo de este grupo de niñas y niños. Se plantea una organización basada en fundamentos principios y factores que dan vida a esta propuesta educativa. El manual operativo consta de dos capítulos, el primero aborda la discapacidad visual, su concepto, causas, prevalencia y clasificación que permitirá al lector conocer sobre esta condición. En el segundo capítulo se incorpora el componente práctico con aportaciones necesarias para crear un ambiente adecuado para la inclusión; así como también a los procesos para la realización de la planificación con sus adaptaciones curriculares y recursos necesarios. Se incluye además una lista de las instituciones, equipos y centros de educación que trabajan en favor de la inclusión. Para coordinar el trabajo de los profesores de los centros de desarrollo infantil, se ofrece en los anexos, fichas que facilitarán el proceso de inclusión de niños y niñas con discapacidad visual. 177 páginas ISBN: 978-9978-325-33-9
Validación del material de aprendizaje del idioma aimara básico basada en la fonética, fonología y morfología de la lengua aimara
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna, Perú, Mamani Aguilar Oscar , Yucra Yucra Francisca Elena ,   Universidad Nacional Intercultural de Quillabamba, Cusco, Perú, Coaquira Mamani Claudia Mabel ,   Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna, Perú, Mamani Yucra Edwin Oscar ,   Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna, Perú, Ticona Carbajal César ,   Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna, Perú
Published: August 2023

El presente texto denominado “Validación del aprendizaje del idioma aimara básico” ofrece a los lectores, un conjunto de lecciones y ejercicios del idioma aimara para aprender secuencialmente la lengua aimara. El objetivo fue validar el material del aprendizaje del idioma aimara básico a través de la investigación experimental, aplicando el método audio-viso-lingual-motor-gnósico en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la lengua aimara. Luego del proceso de validación del material experimental, se llegó a la siguiente conclusión: el material de aprendizaje del idioma aimara I, II, III y IV es motivador y efectivo porque permite al participante a desarrollar secuencialmente las habilidades lingüísticas de escuchar, hablar, leer, escribir y la gramática basada en los conocimientos de la cultura aimara.
Seismic Sensor Array for Lahar Detection at Cotopaxi Volcano Based on a Datalogger with Field Programmable Gate Arrays
Authors: Enríquez López Wilson , Nazate Paola
Published: August 2023

In this work, we have used several configurations of single-component seismic sensors array for the detection and analysis of the signals produced by lahars at the Cotopaxi Volcano, Ecuador. We have developed a compact, flexible, and reliable prototype enough to be used in volcanic monitoring that includes a new generation Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) as the basis of the embedded system for continuous signal acquisition, digitalization and storage.

We have used an array of twelve single-component seismic sensors in linear geometric configuration. The information is also sent to the central base (Instituto Geofísico) located in the city of Quito through radiofrequency communication. Subsequently, the information is analyzed by means of a mathematical model developed during the time of execution of this research as a result, we have obtained a quick lahar detection including calculation of the speed with which the lahar descends, providing reliable information from the moment the event arises, generating an early warning to the affected population.
Modelos Predictivos de Zonas de Handover en Redes LTE con Base a Mediciones de Campo y Árboles de Decisión (Caso de Estudio Ciudad de Quito)
Authors: Párraga Villamar Viviana , Rocha Cristian , Navarrete Henry , Lupera-Morillo Pablo
Published: August 2023

Este trabajo analiza el proceso de handover en redes LTE (Long Term Evolution) en dos escenarios, detectando las características y el comportamiento de los parámetros RF (Radio Frequency) mediante modelos predictivos. Los dos escenarios recopilan datos de mediciones de los parámetros de RF, el primero en una zona urbana de la ciudad de Quito con la finalidad de analizar el comportamiento y establecer las características de una zona con handovers. El segundo escenario busca obtener un modelo predictivo de las zonas de handover fallidos; en este caso, se realizan recorridos en una zona rural de la ciudad de Quito y se analiza la falla de handovers con fallas en llamadas VoIP, ya que en este servicio es más notable la pérdida de conexión en LTE. Para la recolección de datos se utilizan herramientas de monitoreo instaladas en teléfonos celulares y para el análisis de datos y la obtención del modelo de Machine Learning se emplean R y RStudio. Los datos recopilados fueron limpiados y transformados para obtener un DataSet único por cada escenario, luego se dividió en un set de entrenamiento y test. El set de entrenamiento fue procesado mediante la técnica de árboles de decisión, que permitió obtener un modelo gráfico del comportamiento de los parámetros RF que generan handovers o handovers fallidos según el escenario. Finalmente, con el set de test se evaluaron los modelos definiendo matrices de confusión y se calculó el accuracy respectivo, teniendo 96.34% en el escenario 1 y 95.5% en el escenario 2.
Mycobiota of compost, air, fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus (EM-1) and the mycotoxigenic potential of some resident Aspergillus species
Authors:   Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana., M. Wiafe-Kwagyan , E. K Adalete ,   Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana., F. Sossah ,   Oil Palm Research Institute (OPRI) – CSIR, Ghana., G. T Odamtten, ,   Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
Published: August 2023

The commercial and cottage industry entrepreneurs in Ghana have cultivated edible mushrooms such as Pleurotus ostreatus with appreciable success. However, the presence of fungal competitors and potential pathogens in the substrate obstructs yield. Selected farms in Greater Accra (6) and Central Region (1) were sampled for baseline data on the resident mycobiota of the compost (Triplochiton scleroxylon ‘wawa’ sawdust), fruiting body and aeromycoflora of the cropping rooms using conventional serial dilution technique and the Plate Exposure method respectively. Twenty (20) fungal species belonging to eleven (11) genera Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Didymella, Fusarium, Mycelia, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Trichoderma, Verticillium and Saccharomyces were encountered in the compost. The total fungal populations in compost varied significantly and with the highest recorded by E90 Mushroom Farm (4.0 to 5.24 log10CFU/g) whereas 4E Farm (2.28 to 2.93 log10CFU/g) obtained the lowest population. Eighteen (18) fungal species from ten (10) genera were isolated from the fruiting body of P. ostreatus from the farms. The most predominant species were Aspergillus species followed by Cladosporium, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Saccharomyces and Talaromyces. The total mycoflora population resident in the fruiting body of the mushroom was lowest for Immaculate Gold Enterprise (2.59 to 3.22 log10CFU/g) whereas PMC Mushroom Farm (4.71 to 5.34 log10CFU/g) ranked highest. Aeromycoflora analysis showed nineteen (19) different fungal species isolated from the seven farms. Findings from the present data indicate fungi isolates from cropping rooms were also isolated from fruiting bodies and the compost. Potential toxin-producing Aspergillus species (A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. niger, A. alutaceus, A. fumigatus) were present in the compost, the fruiting body of P. ostreatus and aeromycoflora. Keywords: Mycobiota, Trichoderma harzianum, fruiting body, Pleurotus ostreatus, aeromycoflora of cropping rooms, toxin-producing Aspergillus species.
Sheep supplementation in the arid and semi-arid areas of northern Kenya
Authors:   Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization. P.O. Box 147-60500, Marsabit, Kenya., Golicha Duba , Josphat Sagala ,   Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization. P.O. Box 147-60500, Marsabit, Kenya.
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of partial supplementation of 1.5 years old blackhead Persian sheep with hay, molasses and local salt (Chalbi salt). The nutritive values of hay, molasses and Chalbi salt were determined. The selected sheep were assigned to three treatments in a completely randomized design; 10 sheep were given to the farmer and were herded based on his management practice (denoted as treatment A), 10 were grazed for 5 h and later supplemented with 600 g of chopped hay mixed with molasses per sheep daily and Chalbi salt ad libitum (denoted as treatment B), 10 were introduced to a government research farm, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO-Marsabit) flock and managed on the free range with no supplementation except Chalbi salt. They were also grazed for 8 h daily (denoted as treatment C). Feed resources for partial supplementation were analysed for proximate analysis, Van soest, in-vitro dry matter digestibility and mineral profiles. Molasses was spread on hay to increase palatability and intake. Chalbi salt was provided ad libitum to the supplemented group. All 30 sheep were weighed weekly. The data on sheep weights were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The mean sheep weight over the study period was higher among the supplemented group B (25.95 kg), followed by on-station research farm-managed group C (22.60 kg) and lastly farmer-managed group A (19.50 kg). Supplementation of sheep using local feed resources enhances weight gain and this is recommended, essentially in a weight-based marketing system. Keywords: Market, nutrients, sheep, supplement, weight.