bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital futures in mind: Why lived experience collaboration must guide digital mental health technologies
Authors: Gilbert Kellie , Muchamore Ian , Katterl Simon , Purdon Hayley , Allen Andy , Ozols Ingrid , Gooding Piers
Published: July 2024

Digital mental health technologies and services are here. More are coming. Such technologies and services present both risks and opportunities. At their best, they may enhance the most humane, communal and caring parts of our social systems and communities. At their worst, they may reinforce reductionist approaches to distress and crisis, increase surveillance and control, as well as extracting data and wealth from people seeking care. In this paper, we argue that lived experience‐led governance and collaborative development of these technologies and services will enhance the best opportunities and mitigate against the biggest risks. This paper provides a commentary emerging from work by authors with lived experience, and those without, that explored accountability in digital mental health technologies and services. The commentary offers guidance to anyone interested in supporting lived experience‐led, and collaborative governance of, digital mental health technologies. This guidance, drawing on interdisciplinary and lived experience‐led research and grey literature, assists readers in understanding why collaboration should take place, when, where and with whom, on what issues this could start, and how collaborators should approach this.
In Situ Production of Hydroxyl Radicals via Three‐Electron Oxygen Reduction: Opportunities for Water Treatment
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Hu Nan , Wang Lan , Zhao Hongying , Zhao Guohua
Published: July 2024

The electro‐Fenton (EF) process is an advanced oxidation technology with significant potential; however, it is limited by two steps: generation and activation of H2O2. In contrast to the production of H2O2 via the electrochemical two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the electrochemical three‐electron (3e−) ORR can directly activate molecular oxygen to yield the hydroxyl radical (⋅OH), thus breaking through the conceptual and operational limitations of the traditional EF reaction. Therefore, the 3e− ORR is a vital process for efficiently producing ⋅OH in situ, thus charting a new path toward the development of green water‐treatment technologies. This review summarizes the characteristics and mechanisms of the 3e− ORR, focusing on the basic principles and latest progress in the in situ generation and efficient utilization of ⋅OH through the modulation of the reaction pathway, shedding light on the rational design of 3e− ORR catalysts, mechanistic exploration, and practical applications for water treatment. Finally, the future developments and challenges of efficient, stable, and large‐scale utilization of ⋅OH are discussed based on achieving optimal 3e− ORR regulation and the potential to combine it with other technologies.
Entropy‐Assisted Anion‐Reinforced Solvation Structure for Fast‐Charging Sodium‐Ion Full Batteries
Authors: Zhou Xunzhu , Chen Xiaomin , Kuang Wenxi , Zhu Wenqing , Zhang Xiaosa , Liu Xiaohao , Wu Xingqiao , Zhang Longhai , Zhang Chaofeng , Li Lin , Wang Jiazhao , Chou Shu‐Lei
Published: July 2024

Anion‐reinforced solvation structure favors the formation of inorganic‐rich robust electrode‐electrolyte interface, which endows fast ion transport and high strength modulus to enable improved electrochemical performance. However, such a unique solvation structure inevitably injures the ionic conductivity of electrolytes and limits the fast‐charging performance. Herein, a trade‐off in tuning anion‐reinforced solvation structure and high ionic conductivity is realized by the entropy‐assisted hybrid ester‐ether electrolyte. Anion‐reinforced solvation sheath with more anions occupying the inner Na+ shell is constructed by introducing the weakly coordinated ether tetrahydrofuran into the commonly used ester‐based electrolyte, which merits the accelerated desolvation energy and gradient inorganic‐rich electrode‐electrolyte interface. The improved ionic conductivity is attributed to the weakly diverse solvation structures induced by entropy effect. These enable the enhanced rate performance and cycling stability of Prussian blue||hard carbon full cells with high electrode mass loading. More importantly, the practical application of the designed electrolyte was further demonstrated by industry‐level 18650 cylindrical cells.
Transforming Red Phosphorus Photocatalysis: Dual Roles of Pre‐Anchored Ru Single Atoms in Defect and Interface Engineering
Authors: Bian Junwei , Zhang Wei , Ng Yun Hau , Hu Zhuofeng , Wei Zhen , Liu Yuxi , Deng Jiguang , Dai Hongxing , Jing Lin
Published: July 2024

Crystalline red phosphorus (CRP), known for its promising photocatalytic properties, faces challenges in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) due to undesired inherent charge deep trapping and recombination effects induced by defects. This study overcomes these limitations through an innovative strategy in integrating ruthenium single atoms (Ru1) within CRP to simultaneously repair the intrinsic undesired vacancy defects and serve as the uniformly distributed anchoring sites for a controllable growth into ruthenium nanoparticles (RuNP). Hence, a highly functionalized CRP with Ru1 and RuNP (Ru1‐NP/CRP) with concerted effects in regulating electronic structures and promoting interfacial charge transfer has been achieved. Advanced characterizations unveil the pioneering dual role of pre‐anchored Ru1 (analogous to the “Tai Chi” principle) in transforming CRP photocatalysis. The regulations of vacancy defects on the surface of CRP minimize the detrimental deep charge trapping, resulting in the prolonged lifetime of active charges. With the well‐distributed in situ growth of RuNP on Ru1 sites, the constructed robust “bridge” that connects CRP and RuNP facilitates constructive interfacial charge transfer. Ultimately, the synergistic effect induced by the pre‐anchored Ru1 endows Ru1‐NP/CRP with an exceptional PHE rate of 3175 μmol h−1 g−1, positioning it as one of the most efficient elemental‐based photocatalysts available. This breakthrough underscores the crucial role of pre‐anchoring metal single atoms at defect sites of catalysts in enhancing sustainable hydrogen production.
Enzyme‐triggered assembly of glycan nanomaterials
Authors: van Trijp Jacobus P. , Hribernik Nives , Lim Jia Hui , Dal Colle Marlene C. S. , Mena Yadiel Vázquez , Ogawa Yu , Delbianco Martina
Published: July 2024

A comprehensive molecular understanding of carbohydrate aggregation is key to optimize carbohydrate utilization and to engineer bioinspired analogues with tailored shapes and properties. However, the lack of well‐defined synthetic standards has substantially hampered advances in this field. Herein, we employ a phosphorylation‐assisted strategy to synthesize previously inaccessible long oligomers of cellulose, chitin, and xylan. These oligomers were subjected to enzyme‐triggered assembly (ETA) for the on‐demand formation of well‐defined carbohydrate nanomaterials, including elongated platelets, helical bundles, and hexagonal particles. Cryo‐electron microscopy and electron diffraction analysis provided molecular insights into the aggregation behavior of these oligosaccharides, establishing a direct connection between the resulting morphologies and the oligosaccharide primary sequence. Our findings demonstrate that ETA is a powerful approach to elucidate the intrinsic aggregation behavior of carbohydrates in nature. Moreover, the ability to access a diverse array of morphologies, expanded with a non‐natural sequence, underscores the potential of ETA, coupled with sequence design, as a robust tool for accessing programmable glycan architectures.
Dihydropyridopyrazine Functionalized Xanthene: Generating Stable NIR Dyes with Small‐Molecular Weight by Enhanced Charge Separation
Authors: Zhang Xing‐Xing , Yang Feiyu , Zhao Xinyu , Wu Qian , He Long , Li Zhe , Zhou Zhixuan , Ren Tian‐Bing , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Yuan Lin
Published: July 2024

Near‐infrared region (NIR; 650–1700 nm) dyes offer many advantages over traditional dyes with absorption and emission in the visible region. However, developing new NIR dyes, especially organic dyes with long wavelengths, small molecular weight, and excellent stability and biocompatibility, is still quite challenging. Herein, we present a general method to enhance the absorption and emission wavelengths of traditional fluorophores by simply appending a charge separation structure, dihydropyridopyrazine. These novel NIR dyes not only exhibited greatly redshifted wavelengths compared to their parent dyes, but also displayed a small molecular weight increase together with retained stability and biocompatibility. Specifically, dye NIR‐OX, a dihydropyridopyra‐zine derivative of oxazine with a molecular mass of 386.2 Da, exhibited an absorption at 822 nm and an emission extending to 1200 nm, making it one of the smallest molecular‐weight NIR‐II emitting dyes. Thanks to its rapid metabolism and long wave‐length, NIR‐OX enabled high‐contrast bioimaging and assessment of cholestatic liver injury in vivo and also facilitated the evalua‐tion of the efficacy of liver protection medicines against cholestatic liver injury.
Spirobipyridine Ligand Enabled Iridium‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective C−H Activation via Non‐Covalent Interactions
Authors: Dong Kun , Wu Tianbao , Wang Minyan , Lin Luqing
Published: July 2024

The selective borylation of specific C−H bonds in organic synthesis remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we present a novel spirobipyridine ligand that features a binaphthyl backbone. This ligand facilitates the iridium‐catalyzed selective C−H borylation of benzene derivatives. The ligand is designed with “side‐arm‐wall” substituents that allow vicinal di‐ or multi‐substituted benzene derivatives to approach metal center and effectively block other reactive sites by non‐covalent interactions with substrates. The effectiveness of this strategy is demonstrated by the successful selective distal C−H activation of various alkaloids and its broad compatibility with functional groups.
Mesoporous Vinylene‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Heteroatom‐Tuned Crystallinity and Photocatalytic Behaviors
Authors: Li Mengqi , Chi Xu , Zhang Zixing , Bi Shuai , Meng Fancheng , Jiao Yang , Mou Kaiwen , Wang Zhiheng , Xue Bai , Li Xiaomeng , Zhang Fan
Published: July 2024

Owing to its prominent π‐delocalization and stability, vinylene linkage holds great merits in the construction of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with promising semiconducting properties. However, carbon‐carbon double bond formation reaction always exhibits relatively low reversibility, unfavorable for the formation of high crystalline frameworks through self‐error correction and assembling processes. In this work, we report a heteroatom‐tuned strategy to build up a series of two‐dimensional (2D) vinylene‐linked COFs by Knoevenagel condensation of an electron‐deficient methylthiazolyl‐based monomer with different triformyl substituted (hetero−)aromatic derivatives. The resulting COFs show high‐quality periodic mesoporous structures with high surface areas. Embedding heteroatoms into the backbones enables significantly improving their crystallinity, and finely tailoring their semiconducting structures. Upon visible light stimulation, one of the as‐prepared COFs with donor‐π‐acceptor structure could deliver a nearly seven‐fold increase in the catalytic activity of hydrogen generation as compared with the other two. Meanwhile, in combination with high crystallinity and the matched conduction band energy level, such kind of COFs can be able to selectively generate singlet oxygen and superoxide radicals in a high ratio of up to 30 : 1, allowing for catalyzing aerobic thioanisole oxidation in distinctly tunable activities through the substituent electronic effect of the substrates.
Synthesis, characterization, anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, DFT, and molecular docking of novel La (III), Ce (III), Nd (III), and Dy (III) lanthanide complexes with Schiff base derived from 2‐aminobenzothiazole and coumarin
Authors: Abo‐Rehab Rehab S. , Kasim Ensaf Aboul , Farhan Nasser , Tolba Mahmoud S. , Shehata Mohamed R. , Abdalla Ehab M.
Published: July 2024

Four novel lanthanide La (III), Ce (III), Nd (III), and Dy (III) complexes with (Z)‐4‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐ylamino)‐3‐((benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐ylimino)methyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (L) were prepared and characterized. The novel compounds' structural compositions were elucidated by the application of analytical and spectroscopic methodologies. From physical and chemical measurements, the general formula for the [LnLCl3]2H2O complexes (C1‐C4) was proposed, which was proven by theoretical measurements. Using cisplatin, gentamicin, ampicillin, and ascorbic acid as standards, the compound's anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant qualities were assessed, and activities followed the order: Ce (III)L(C2) > Nd (III)L(C3) > Dy (III)L(C4) > La (III)L(C1) > L where the Ce (III) complexes exhibited the highest activity followed by Nd (III) complexes. Molecular docking studies were performed using the MOA2022 software to identify putative binding mechanisms for the methionine adenosyl‐transferases in liver cancer (PDB ID: 5A19) and the most active site of the Bacillus subtilis receptor (PDB ID: 5e6k), where the strength of the interaction increases with the negative binding energy L ˂ [LaLCl3] ˂ [DyLCl3] ˂ [NdLCl3] ˂ [CeLCl3].
The capacitance and shape memory effect of highly stretchable and flexible nanocomposite electrodes based on polyaniline
Authors: Du Haiyan , Ding Rui , Xu Qing , Zhang Jing , Sun Dangchao
Published: July 2024

The increasing demand for portable and flexible energy storage devices drives the rapid development of flexible electrodes and electrolytes. Meanwhile, the free‐standing polymer electrodes face great chance and challenge. In this work, the stretchable and flexible polyaniline/carbon nanotube/poly(vinyl alcohol) electrode (PANI/CNT/PVA‐E) was fabricated by in‐situ polymerization of aniline in CNT/PVA‐E substrate, where CNT was used to enhance the conductivity and mechanical properties of the polymer electrodes. Compared with PANI/PVA, the comprehensive performance of PANI/CNT/PVA‐E was improved. In addition, the electrochemical performance and tensile property of the electrodes depended on the CNT content. The nanocomposite electrode with 0.25% of CNT possessed optimal properties with high capacitance of 248.69 mF cm−2, and 75.29% of capacity retention over 4000 charge–discharge cycles at 1 mA cm−2. It also exhibited outstanding tensile strength of 3.88 MPa and elongation up to 462.3%. Interestingly, the electrode possessed good heat driven shape memory effect. The temporary shape could be fixed at 70°C under extra force, and the fixed shape recovered within 10 s when it was reheated to the same temperature. It is concluded that the present work may contribute to the development and fabrication of flexible energy‐storage devices, portable and highly stretchable electric devices.
Thermo‐oxidative degradation behavior of poly(vinyl chloride) insulation for new and overloaded wires via TG‐FTIR
Authors: Lin Qing‐Wen , Li Yang , Deng Jun , He Fen‐Fen , Man Peng‐Rui
Published: July 2024

When a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) wire experiences overload failure, the internal structure of the insulation changes to become overloaded insulation and the fire hazard changes. In this study, the thermo‐oxidative degradation behavior of new and overloaded PVC insulation materials was analyzed using coupled thermogravimetric‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG‐FTIR). The thermo‐oxidative degradation results show that the first two stages of thermo‐oxidative degradation of PVC insulation are important stages for measuring fire hazard. In addition, the onset temperature of thermo‐oxidative degradation of overloaded PVC insulation was increased. The activation energies of the first two stages of the overloaded PVC insulation increased by 7.7% and 27.0%, respectively, compared to the new PVC insulation. And the reaction mechanism is changed. The FTIR results indicate that the increased amount of volatile organic compounds and CO2 generated during the pyrolysis of the overloaded PVC insulation may result in the generation of more heat and smoke during combustion, thus increasing the fire hazard.
Enhancing fresh strawberry preservation: Fabrication and characterization of electrospun fibers decorated with functionalized graphene oxide
Authors: Köroğlu Deniz , Eskitoros‐Togay Ş. Melda , Dilsiz Nursel
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on developing an innovative packaging material for fresh strawberries composed of electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) fibers decorated by pure graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized GOs with silane agents using the electrospinning technique. Initially, synthesized GO was first functionalized by silane agents, and followed by the fabrication of electrospun PCL/PVP fibers incorporating both pure GO and functionalized GOs. The surface morphological analyses revealed the uniformity, smoothness, and beadless in the fabricated fibers. The average fiber diameter of the PCL/PVP/0.5A‐GO fibers was found as 3244 ± 56 nm. Electrospun PCL/PVP/0.5A‐GO and PCL/PVP/0.5G‐GO fibers exhibited increased water absorption ratios over 20 days. The incorporation of GO into the polymer matrix, along with an increase in GO concentration, enhanced the tensile strength of the fibers, found as 5.149 ± 0.032 kPa. In preservation tests on fresh strawberries, PCL/PVP/0.5A‐GO fibers demonstrated superior freshness compared with unpacked strawberries and other variants. The study also highlighted the inhibitory effects of fibers decorated with 0.5% APTES‐GO, showing the highest inhibition zone. In summary, fibers incorporating 0.5% A‐GO effectively extended the shelf‐life of fresh strawberries, making them a promising packaging material for perishable goods.
Synthesis of thienopyrazine‐ and cyclofluorene–thiophene‐based donor–acceptor low‐band gap polymers and their application in memory devices
Authors: Mei Binhua , Bai Ju , Zhang Yuhang , Ma Yang , Hou Yanjun , Wang Shuhong , Wang Cheng
Published: July 2024

Low‐band gap semiconductor polymer materials play a crucial role in the field of organic optoelectronics. In this context, a series of low‐band gap polymers containing thienopyrazine as the acceptor and cyclofluorene–bithiophene as the donor were synthesized and utilized in resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices. These memory devices consistently exhibit nonvolatile flash memory behavior. Remarkably, all three polymers demonstrate stability even after 1000 cycles without significant fluctuations. Notably, the three polymer‐based devices also exhibit excellent ternary memory performance, with current ratios of 1:102.8:104, 1:101.3:103.9, and 1:101.8:103.6. Furthermore, the photoelectric properties of the three polymers and the conduction mechanisms of the memory devices were thoroughly discussed.
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly and Aggregation‐Induced Emission Enhancement in Tetrabenzofluorene‐Based Red Emitting Molecules
Authors: Boopathi A. A. , Navya P. V. , Mohan Indhu , Ayyadurai Niraikulam , Karuppusamy Masiyappan , Easwaramoorthi Shanmugam , Roy Arun , Narasimhaswamy T. , Sampath Srinivasan
Published: July 2024

The newly synthesized chiral active [5]helicene‐like tetrabenzofluorene (TBF) based highly red‐emitting molecules exhibit flower‐like self‐assembly. These molecules display photophysical and structural properties such as intramolecular charge transfer, dual state emission, large fluorescence quantum yield, and solvatochromism. In TBFID, the indandione functional group attached on both sides as the terminal group offers an A‐D‐A push‐pull effect and acts as a strong acceptor to cause more redshift in solution as well as in solid state as compared to TBFPA (TBF with benzaldehyde functional group in terminal position). The self‐assembly studies of TBFID demonstrate the aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) attributed to the restriction of intramolecular rotation at the aggregated state. Furthermore, TBFID shows high quantum yield and intense red emission, making the molecule fit for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED) and bioimaging applications.
Interfacial Decomposition Behaviour of Triethyl Phosphate‐Based Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gebert Florian , Lundström Robin , van Ekeren Wessel , Naylor Andrew J.
Published: July 2024

Triethyl phosphate (TEP) is a cheap, environmentally benign, and non‐flammable electrolyte solvent, whose implementation in lithium‐ion batteries is held back by its co‐intercalation into graphite anodes, resulting in exfoliation of the graphite structure. In this work, the electrode‐electrolyte interface behaviour of electrolytes containing up to 100 % TEP is investigated and correlated to electrochemical performance. High capacity and stable cycling are maintained with up to 30 % TEP in carbonate ester‐based electrolytes, but above this threshold the reversibility of Li+ intercalation into graphite drops sharply to almost zero. This represents a potential route to improved battery safety, while TEP can also improve safety indirectly by enabling the use of lithium bis(oxalato)borate, a fluorine‐free salt with limited solubility in traditional electrolytes. To understand the poor performance at TEP concentrations of >30 %, its solvation behaviour and interfacial reaction chemistry were studied. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data confirms changes in the Li+ solvation shell above 30 % TEP, while operando gas analysis indicates extensive gas evolution from TEP decomposition at the electrode above the threshold concentration, which is almost entirely absent below it. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling of electrodes demonstrates poor passivation by the solid electrolyte interphase above 30 % TEP and significant graphite exfoliation.
Tuning fluorescence of fexofenadine by switching OFF intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer: Application to development of one‐step green and high throughput microwell spectrofluorimetric assay for analysis of tablets and plasma
Authors: Darwish Ibrahim A. , Al‐Outaibi Majed , Alzoman Nourah Z.
Published: July 2024

Fexofenadine (FEX) is a non‐sedating antihistamine commonly used for the treatment of allergic conditions such as seasonal rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. This study describes the tuning “ON” the intrinsic fluorescence of FEX by switching “OFF” its intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) through the protonation of the piperidinyl nitrogen atom using sulfuric acid. The resulting fluorescence was utilized as a basis for the development of a highly sensitive microwell spectrofluorimetric assay (MW‐SFA) for the one‐step determination of FEX in pharmaceutical tablets and plasma. The linear range of the assay was 10–500 ng ml−1, and its limit of quantitation was 25.9 ng ml−1. The proposed MW‐SFA was successfully applied to analyze FEX in pharmaceutical tablets and plasma samples, demonstrating good accuracy and precision. The greenness of the assay was confirmed using three metric assessment tools. In conclusion, the MW‐SFA is a straightforward, single‐step analysis that requires no experimental adjustments. It offers high sensitivity, efficient sample processing, and environmental sustainability. This assay is highly recommended for pharmaceutical quality control and clinical lab use, particularly for measuring FEX levels.
Sensitive and rapid determination of tetracycline antibiotic by carrot juice‐derived carbon dots as a fluorescent probe
Authors: Mohammadnejad Masoumeh , Alekasir Robab
Published: July 2024

The antibiotic tetracycline can be efficiently used as medicine for the deterrence of bacterial infections in humans, animals, and plants. However, the unprecedented use of tetracycline is of great concern owing to its low biodegradability, extensive usage, and adverse impacts on the environment and water quality. In this study, a sensitive spectrofluorometric method was proposed for the direct determination of tetracycline, based on biocompatible fluorescent carbon dots (CDs). The synthesis of CDs was performed by adopting a green hydrothermal procedure from carrot juice without requiring surface passivation or outflowing any environmentally hazardous waste. X‐ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy revealed amorphous spherical‐shaped CDs that exhibited blue emission under blue illumination. The fabricated fluorescent probe directly detected tetracycline in the concentration range of 4.00 × 10−6 to 1.55 × 10−5 mol L−1 with an LOD of 1.33 × 10−6 mol L−1. The performance of the probe was assessed in a tap water sample, with recovery values between 80.70 and 103.60%. The method's greenness was evaluated using the Analytical Green metric approach (AGREE) and confirmed to be within the green range. The developed method is facile, rapid, cost‐effective, and offers a wide linear range and satisfactory selectivity, making it potentially suitable for determining tetracycline in water applications.
The relationship between physical activity and college students' perceived social support: The mediating role of social–emotional competence and its gender differences
Authors: Shu Junwen , Chen Zhaojun , Zhong Bingbing , Ding Zifan , Tang Shaohua , Sun Zongchen , Gao Yuan , Zhou Hangzhi , Cao Guanghao , Liu Chong , Zhang Chunlei , Han Yanfeng , Chen Hao , Hu Chungui , Wang Chencheng , Yan Jun
Published: July 2024

The aim of this research was to examine the correlation among college students' physical activity, social–emotional abilities, gender and their perception of social support. The survey was conducted among 408 college students from Jiangsu, Shandong and Hubei provinces utilising the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Social–Emotional Competence Scale for Chinese College Students and the Physical Activity Scale (PARS‐3). SPSS 27.0 and the Process 4.1 plug‐in developed by Hayes were used to perform common method bias tests, independent samples t‐tests, descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and moderated mediation model tests on the data. (1) After controlling for variables such as educational attainment and professional background, physical activity was found to exert a significant and favourable influence on college students' perception of social support (β = .11, p<.001). (2) The relationship between physical activity and college students' perception of social support was moderated by their social–emotional skills. The mediation effect size was calculated to be 54.33%. (3) Gender moderates the relationship between physical activity and college students' perceptions of social support (β = .09, t = 2.01, p<.05). Physical activity not only directly affects college students' perceived social support, but also indirectly through social–emotional competence; gender has a significant moderating effect on the direct effect of physical activity on college students' perceived social support. Specifically, female students had a more significant positive predictive effect on perceptual social support than male students. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's .
Comparative Study of Immobilized Biolipasa‐R for Second Generation Biodiesel Production from an Acid Oil
Authors: Spanou Androniki , Liakouli Nektaria C. , Fiotaki Christina , Pavlidis Ioannis V.
Published: July 2024

The primary objective of this work is to develop a sustainable biocatalytic transesterification process for low‐grade oils, aligning with EU green technology requirements for the shift to second generation biodiesel. Thus, we investigated the immobilization and subsequent application of the lipase Biolipasa‐R on transesterification processes to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from both a sunflower oil and an acid oil which is a bioproduct of the biodiesel industry. The lipase was immobilized on biomaterials, such as diatomaceous earth, with a yield of 60 %, and commercial carriers such as methacrylic resins with a yield of 100 %. The enzyme demonstrated superior activity when immobilized on diatomaceous earth, particularly in reactions involving the acid oil, outperforming the benchmark enzyme Novozym® 435 (95.1 % and 35 % conversion respectively). This work highlights the potential of Biolipasa‐R as a cost‐effective and efficient biocatalyst for biodiesel production and emphasizes the environmental benefits of utilizing industrial byproducts and eco‐friendly immobilization techniques. The findings suggest that Biolipasa‐R is a promising candidate for industrial applications in biodiesel production, offering a sustainable solution for waste management and energy generation.
Predictors of outcomes after PCI with incomplete revascularization: Impact of CTO and LAD vessel
Authors: Kuno Toshiki , Weisz Giora , Généreux Philippe , Claessen Bimmer E. , Shechter Michael , Alexander Karen P. , James Stefan K. , Ohman E. Magnus , Dressler Ovidiu , Mehran Roxana , Ben‐Yehuda Ori , Stone Gregg W.
Published: July 2024

Background

Incomplete revascularization (ICR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with mortality and morbidity.

Aim

We sought to investigate whether ICR in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) is worse than ICR of the right coronary artery (RCA) or left circumflex artery (LCX); and whether ICR in patients with a chronic total occlusion (CTO) is worse than in those without.

Methods

In the RIVER‐PCI trial, 2651 patients with ICR after PCI were randomly assigned to ranolazine or placebo. Angiograms were assessed at an independent core laboratory in 2501 patients (94.3%). The primary endpoint was the composite of ischemia‐driven revascularization or hospitalization.

Results

A total of 1664 patients (66.5%) had ICR involving the LAD, whereas 837 (33.5%) had ICR limited to the RCA or LCX. At median follow‐up of 643 days, the primary endpoint occurred in 26.9% versus 26.5% of patients (adjusted HR [aHR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–1.21). A nonrecanalized CTO was present in 854 patients (34.1%) with ICR after PCI. The primary endpoint occurred in 28.6% versus 25.9% of ICR patients with versus without a CTO (aHR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.94–1.29). However, patients with a CTO had higher rates of ischemia‐driven hospitalization without revascularization (aHR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04–1.56), heart failure hospitalization (aHR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.61–4.59) and myocardial infarction (aHR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.11–1.92) compared with those without.

Conclusions

The 2‐year prognosis was similar in post‐PCI patients with ICR whether the LAD was versus was not involved. ICR patients with a CTO had more frequent hospitalizations for ischemia and myocardial infarctions compared with those without.
Metal Alloy‐Functionalized 3D‐Printed Electrodes for Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Conversion in Zinc‐Nitrate Batteries
Authors: Liu Si , Zhao Yupeng , Chen Zhengfan , Gao Dandan , Feng Fan , Rios‐Studer Tobias , Bansmann Joachim , Biskupek Johannes , Kaiser Ute , Liu Rongji , Streb Carsten
Published: July 2024

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction is a promising approach to remove harmful nitrate and produce ammonia in aqueous media. Here, we demonstrate how 3D printed polymer electrodes can be electroless plated with a bimetallic NiCu alloy film suitable for sustained nitrate‐to‐ammonia reduction. Characterization by powder X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning/transmission electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy indicate that the electrode has a two‐layer structure consisting of polymer/ coating layer of metal alloys. The composite electrode shows high‐performance in the nitrate‐to‐ammonia electroreduction, giving NH3 Faradaic efficiencies of up to 83 % and NH3 yield rates up to 860 μg/(h cm2) at −0.38 V vs. RHE. We show that the electrode can easily be integrated into a Zn‐nitrate battery, giving a power density of 3.8 mW cm−2 with continuous NH3 production. The system combines three productive outputs, that is removal of nitrate pollutants, synthesis of valuable ammonia and generation of “green” electricity.
Asymmetric Kinetic Resolution Polymerization of Racemic Lactide Mediated by Axial‐Chiral Thiourea/Phosphazene Binary Organocatalyst
Authors: Li Guojie , Du Peng , Xu Guangqiang , Guo Xuanhua , Wang Qinggang
Published: July 2024

Asymmetric kinetic resolution polymerization (AKRP) provides an ideal way to obtain highly isotactic polylactide (PLA) with superior thermal‐mechanical properties from racemic lactide (rac‐LA). However, the development of a new catalytic system with concurrent high activity and selectivity at ambient temperature remains a great callenge. Here, a series of simple and effective binary organocatalytic pairs containing axial‐chiral thioureas and commercially available phosphazene bases were designed. These chiral binary organocatalytic pairs allow for both high polymerization activity and moderate enantioselectivity for AKRP of rac‐LA at room temperature, yielding semi‐crystalline and metal‐free stereoblock PLA with a melting temperature as high as 186 °C. The highest kinetic resolution coefficient (krel) of 8.5 at 47 % conversion was obtained, and D‐LA was preferentially polymerized via kinetic resolution with a maximum selectivity factor (kD/kL) of 18.1, indicating that an enantiomorphic site control mechanism (ESC) was involved.
A Screening Apparatus for Comparing the Fouling Resistance of Heat Exchanger Surfaces
Authors: Meyer Conrad , Pelz Philipp‐Lukas , Jasch Katharina , Bart Hans‐Jörg , von Harbou Erik , Scholl Stephan
Published: July 2024

Fouling is a challenge in many processes, especially in heat exchangers and evaporators. Even though many treatments have been developed to mitigate fouling on metallic surfaces, no standardized method exists to compare equipment based on its antifouling performance. In this work, a screening apparatus is presented, which allows to compare samples of treated metallic surfaces based on thermal fouling resistance. A parameter screening and a ranking of three differently treated metallic surfaces using two model substances, namely, whey protein concentrate (WPC) and calcium sulfate, are demonstrated.
Application of a Scaled‐up Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor in the Trace Oxygen Removal in Hydrogen‐Rich Gas Mixtures at Ambient and Elevated Pressure
Authors: Wirth Philipp , Oberste‐Beulmann Christian , Nitsche Tim , Muhler Martin , Awakowicz Peter
Published: July 2024

Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are frequently utilized in various gas conversion processes. For industrial applications a low flow resistance and scalability are crucial. In this study a tenfold scaled‐up reactor based on a surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) was employed for the removal of oxygen traces from H2/N2/O2 gas mixtures. The conversion efficiency of the reactor with ten electrode configurations was investigated for different admixtures of O2, and high degrees of conversion were observed that decreased with increasing flow rate, but remained constant when raising the pressure to 2 bar(g). A new generator based on silicon carbide field‐effect transistors (SiC‐FETs) was used and compared to a generator based on classical metal oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOS‐FETs).
Transesterification reactions as a means to produce esters: A critical review
Authors: Devale Reshma R. , Mahajan Yogesh S.
Published: July 2024

Esters are important chemicals used in fine and bulk chemical industry with numerous applications: solvents, paints, varnishes, dyes, and cosmetics. Ester formation is dominated mainly by Fischer esterification and transesterification. Fischer reaction is generally used for ester production, but in certain cases, transesterification can be used with advantage. It is useful when the acid is less soluble in the alcohol or in the solvent used, thus forming two layers. Water formation creates purification problems during esterification reactions due to azeotrope formation and transesterification can be useful in such cases. Commercially, cheaply available methyl and ethyl esters can be conveniently used as raw materials for value added ester production by transesterification. Transesterification is also useful when the parent acids are highly reactive and pose difficulty in separation. Transesterifications are slow reactions and a catalyst is used: acids and bases, ion exchange resins, zeolites, and clays. Homogeneous catalysts were used in the past which are now replaced by their heterogeneous counterparts. Heterogeneous catalysts offer added advantages like reusability, lesser corrosion, and ease of separation. Transesterification can be commercially used to produce a number of esters of industrial importance like acrylics and biodiesel. This review considers all these aspects in considerable detail. A large literature set was scanned and its judicious extract is presented.
N, S Co‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes Loaded With Cu Nanoclusters For Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yan Xiaoli , Wang Yu , Wang Kui , Song Yifan , Guo Junjie , Cao Qinjian
Published: July 2024

Developing highly superior precious‐metal‐free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are challenging and great significance. In this study, it is reported that an efficient ORR catalysts with N and S co‐doped carbon nanotubes anchored to copper (Cu) nanoclusters by mechanical grinding and high temperature heat treatment. The obtained Cu−S1−N−C electrocatalysts exhibited a high ORR performance with an onset potential (Eonest) of 0.989 V and a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.905 V (vs. RHE) in alkaline electrolyte, which was superior to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst. In contrast to N doping alone, the defect structures and active species of the catalysts were optimized by precise modulation of S‐atom doping, and moreover, the introduction of S‐atoms provided more thiophene‐sulfur active sites. This study provides an innovative idea for designing excellent ORR catalysts.
Vibronic Splitting of the Electronic Origin in Two Conformers of the 3‐Tolunitrile Dimer
Authors: Martini Jascha , Ortlepp Jan , Henrichs Christian , Schmitt Michael
Published: July 2024

3‐tolunitrile (3‐TN) can form three different dimers, which differ in the relative orientation of the methyl groups. We determined the geometry changes of two of these conformers of 3‐TN upon electronic excitation via a Franck–Condon fit of the vibronic intensities in the fluorescence emission spectra. Both aromatic rings expand upon electronic excitation, showing a delocalized one‐photon excitation of the cluster. The conformer with the smaller center‐of‐mass distance shows an unusual order of the split components of the electronic origin. We attribute this changed order to the stronger charge transfer contributions to the splitting and a partial breakdown of the point dipole approximation, made in the Frenkel type interaction.
Update: Induction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Immunodeficient Mice by Injection of Naïve CD4+ T cells (T Cell Transfer Model of Colitis)
Authors: Pearson Claire F. , Maloy Kevin J.
Published: July 2024

The intestinal inflammation induced by injection of naïve CD4+ T cells into lymphocyte‐deficient hosts (more commonly known as the T cell transfer model of colitis) shares many features of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans, such as epithelial cell hyperplasia, crypt abscess formation, and dense lamina propria lymphocyte infiltration. As such, it provides a useful tool for studying mucosal immune regulation as it relates to the pathogenesis and treatment of IBD in humans. In the IBD model described here, colitis is induced in Rag (recombination‐activating gene)‐deficient mice by reconstitution of these mice with naïve CD4+CD45RBhi T cells through adoptive T cell transfer. Although different recipient hosts of cell transfer can be used, Rag‐deficient mice are the best characterized and support studies that are both flexible and reproduceable. As described in the Basic Protocol, in most studies the transferred cells consist of naïve CD4+ T cells (CD45RBhi T cells) derived by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting from total CD4+ T cells previously purified using immunomagnetic negative selection beads. In a Support Protocol, methods to characterize colonic disease progression are described, including the monitoring of weight loss and diarrhea and the histological assessment of colon pathology. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Induction of IBD in Rag‐deficient mice by the transfer of naïve CD4+CD45RBhi T cells

Support Protocol: Monitoring development of colitis
Factor analysis applied to simultaneous selection for resistance to anthracnose and angular leaf spot
Authors: Mencalha Jussara , Dias Mariana Andrade , de Souza Elaine Aparecida , Carneiro Vinícius Quintão , Carneiro Pedro Crescêncio Souza , de Souza Carneiro José Eustáquio
Published: July 2024

Diseases such as anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and angular leaf spot (Pseudocercospora griseola) can occur in common bean and compromise crop production, especially if susceptible cultivars are grown under conditions favorable to these diseases. The most efficient and sustainable alternative for controlling these diseases is the use of resistant cultivars. The identification of sources of resistance and the use of tools that assist in accurate selection of resistant cultivars are crucial to the success of breeding programs. The aim of this study was to characterize 67 carioca common bean cultivars recommended in Brazil regarding reaction to races 65, 73, 81, and 89 of C. lindemuthianum and to races 63‐23 and 63‐63 of P. griseola and to verify the application of factor analysis in the selection of cultivars resistant to both pathogens. The cultivars and resistant controls BRS Esplendor and MAIII.16‐159 were inoculated in a greenhouse in two experiments for each race. Cultivars were assessed for resistance to multiple races of anthracnose and angular leaf spot using artificial inoculation of plants at V2 stage. Factor analysis proved to be a good alternative for accurate selection of resistant cultivars. The percentage of cultivars simultaneously resistant to all races was low (8.95%). The cultivars Rudá R, VC 15, IAC‐Apuã, IAC‐Carioca Pyatã, BRSMG Amuleto, and BRS FC104 selected by factor analysis showed resistance to anthracnose and angular leaf spot. Therefore, these cultivars are potential sources of resistance for incorporation in bean breeding programs.
Evaluating the vulnerability of Tetracentron sinense habitats to climate‐induced latitudinal shifts
Authors: Gan Yuanjie , Cheng Lijun , Tang Junfeng , Han Hongyan , Gan Xiaohong
Published: July 2024

Exploring the changing process of the geographical distribution pattern of Tetracentron sinense Oliv. and its main influencing factors since the last interglacial period can provide a scientific basis for the effective protection and management of the species. The MaxEnt model was used to construct the potential distribution areas of T. sinense in different periods such as the last interglacial (LIG), the last glacial maximum (LGM), the mid‐Holocene (MID), and the current and future (2050s and 2070s). On the premise of discussing the influence of dominant environmental factors on its distribution model, the suitable area changes of T. sinense under different ecological climate situations were quantitatively analyzed. (1) The AUC and TSS values predicted by the optimized model were 0.959 and 0.835, respectively, indicating a good predictive effect by the MaxEnt model; the potential suitable areas for T. sinense in the current period are mainly located in Southwest China, which are wider compared to the actual habitats. (2) Jackknife testing showed that the lowest temperature in the coldest month (Bio6), elevation (Elev), seasonal variation coefficient of temperature (Bio4), and surface calcium carbonate content (T‐CACO3) are the dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of T. sinense. (3) From the last interglacial period to the current period, the total suitable area of T. sinense showed a decreasing trend; the distribution points of T. sinense populations in mid‐Holocene period may be the origin of the postglacial population, and Southwest China may be its glacial biological refuge. (4) Compared with the current period, the total suitable area ranges of T. sinense in China in the 2050s and 2070s decreased, and the centroid location of its total fitness area all migrated to the northwest, with the largest migration distance in 2070s under the SSPs 7.0 climate scenario. Temperature was the principal factor influencing the geographical distribution of T. sinense. With global warming, the range of T. sinense suitable areas will show a shrinking trend, with a shift toward higher‐latitude regions. Ex situ conservation measures could be taken to preserve its germplasm resources.
An updated phylogeny and adaptive evolution within Amaranthaceae s.l. inferred from multiple phylogenomic datasets
Authors: Xu Hao , Guo Yuqin , Xia Mingze , Yu Jingya , Chi Xiaofeng , Han Yun , Li Xiaoping , Zhang Faqi
Published: July 2024

Amaranthaceae s.l. is a widely distributed family consisting of over 170 genera and 2000 species. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Amaranthaceae s.s. and traditional Chenopodiaceae form a monophyletic group (Amaranthaceae s.l.), however, the relationships within this evolutionary branch have yet to be fully resolved. In this study, we assembled the complete plastomes and full‐length ITS of 21 Amaranthaceae s.l. individuals and compared them with 38 species of Amaranthaceae s.l. Through plastome structure and sequence alignment analysis, we identified a reverse complementary region approximately 5200 bp long in the genera Atriplex and Chenopodium. Adaptive evolution analysis revealed significant positive selection in eight genes, which likely played a driving role in the evolution of Amaranthaceae s.l., as demonstrated by partitioned evolutionary analysis. Furthermore, we found that about two‐thirds of the examined species lack the ycf15 gene, potentially associated with natural selection pressures from their adapted habitats. The phylogenetic tree indicated that some genera (Chenopodium, Halogeton, and Subtr. Salsolinae) are paraphyletic lineages. Our results strongly support the clustering of Amaranthaceae s.l. with monophyletic traditional Chenopodiaceae (Clades I and II) and Amaranthaceae s.s. After a comprehensive analysis, we determined that cytonuclear conflict, gene selection by adapted habitats, and incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) events were the primary reasons for the inconsistent phylogeny of Amaranthaceae s.l. During the last glacial period, certain species within Amaranthaceae s.l. underwent adaptations to different environments and began to differentiate rapidly. Since then, these species may have experienced morphological and genetic changes distinct from those of other genera due to intense selection pressure.