bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“They're Like Slash”: Multimodality and Embodied Agency in Students' Critical Engagements with Texts
Authors: Aragón María José , Corella Meghan , Lang Nora W.
Published: November 2024

Despite recent calls to more fully incorporate multimodal perspectives into literacies research, there is still limited scholarship examining how students critically engage in reading activities by drawing on embodied practices. Racially and linguistically minoritized students are particularly disadvantaged by dominant logocentric and developmentalist approaches, which privilege oral and written discourse and often position these students as less capable of performing complex literacy practices. Drawing from three independent ethnographic studies, our multimodal interactional analysis examines how students of a range of ages and raciolinguistic backgrounds use embodied actions and other semiotic resources to agentively navigate text, task, and ideological constraints in activities involving reading and analyzing texts. Our analysis demonstrates the crucial role of students' embodied practices in expanding upon and challenging the constraints of literacy activities, focusing particularly on how students leveraged epistemic stance‐taking, embodied affective responses, and embodied forms of argumentation to negotiate and co‐construct meaning. Through a focus on embodied agency, this paper presents and applies an interactional perspective on the embodied nature of literacy activities; shows how students' creative mobilizations of embodied and other semiotic resources contribute to their critical readings of texts; and offers pedagogical and methodological implications for ways educators and researchers can attend to the intricacies of students' embodied sense‐making in literacy activities.
Regulating Optoelectronic and Thermoelectric Properties of Organic Semiconductors by Heavy Atom Effects
Authors: He Hao , Zhong Ziting , Fan Peng , Zhao Wenchao , Yuan Dafei
Published: November 2024

Heavy atom effects can be used to enhance intermolecular interaction, regulate quinoidal resonance properties, increase bandwidths, and tune diradical characters, which have significant impacts on organic optoelectronic devices, such as organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), etc. Meanwhile, the introduction of heavy atoms is shown to promote charge transfer, enhance air stability, and improve device performances in the field of organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). Thus, heavy atom effects are receiving more and more attention. However, regulating heavy atoms in organic semiconductors is still meeting great challenges. For example, heavy atoms will lead to solubility and stability issues (tellurium substitution) and lack of versatile design strategy and effective synthetic methods to be incorporated into organic semiconductors, which limit their application in electronic devices. Therefore, this work timely summarizes the unique functionalities of heavy atom effects, and up‐to‐date progress in organic electronics including OFETs, OPVs, OLEDs, and OTEs, while the structure‐performance relationships between molecular designs and electronic devices are clearly elucidated. Furthermore, this review systematically analyzes the remaining challenges in regulating heavy atoms within organic semiconductors, and design strategies toward efficient and stable organic semiconductors by the introduction of novel heavy atoms regulation are proposed.
Phage Display Against 2D Metal–Organic Nanosheets as a New Route to Highly Selective Biomolecular Recognition Surfaces
Authors: Wood Amelia C. , Johnson Edwin C. , Prasad Ram R. R. , Sullivan Mark V. , Turner Nicholas W. , Armes Steven P. , Staniland Sarah S. , Foster Jonathan A.
Published: November 2024

Peptides are important biomarkers for various diseases, however distinguishing specific amino‐acid sequences using artificial receptors remains a major challenge in biomedical sensing. This study introduces a new approach for creating highly selective recognition surfaces using phage display biopanning against metal–organic nanosheets (MONs). Three MONs (ZIF‐7, ZIF‐7‐NH2, and Hf‐BTB‐NH2) are added to a solution containing every possible combination of seven‐residue peptides attached to bacteriophage hosts. The highest affinity peptides for each MON are isolated through successive bio‐panning rounds. Comparison of the surface properties of the MONs and high‐affinity peptides provide useful insights into the relative importance of electrostatic, hydrophobic, and co‐ordination bonding interactions in each system, aiding the design of future MONs. Coating of the Hf‐BTB‐NH2 MONs onto a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) produced a five‐fold higher signal for phage with the on‐target peptide sequence compared to those with generic sequences. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies produce a 4600‐fold higher equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) for on‐target sequences and are comparable to those of antibodies (KD = 4 x 10−10 m). It is anticipated that insights from the biopanning approach, combined with the highly tunable nature of MONs, will lead to a new generation of highly selective recognition surfaces for use in biomedical sensors.
Did Karl Marx party in 1891? The effect of SPD's Erfurt program on Karl Marx's citations
Authors: Magness Phillip W. , Makovi Michael
Published: November 2024

The Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD) is often proposed as a pre‐Soviet popularizer of Marxist economic theories due to its electoral successes in Germany in the decades before World War I. Using the synthetic control method, we examine whether German‐language print references to Karl Marx responded to the SPD's adoption of the Marx‐inspired Erfurt Program of 1891. In doing so, we account for the near‐simultaneous repeal of anti‐socialist censorship laws in Germany. Evidence of a boost to Marx's citations from the Erfurt Program is modest, and cannot be distinguished from the effect of the censorship repeal on all socialist writers. These results suggest that the SPD's role in popularizing Marx was minor compared to later events such as the Russian Revolution of 1917.
Research on Mechanical Properties of High‐Manganese Steel Coating Manufactured by Coaxial Powder‐Feeding Laser Cladding
Authors: Zhao Enlan , Peng Yuxing , Yang Haifeng , Liu Hao
Published: November 2024

Due to the process complexity of the high‐carbon high‐manganese steel (HMnS) in casting and arc welding, this article propose the coaxial powder‐feeding laser cladding (LC) of HMnS coating using self‐developed HMnS powders. Firstly, high‐carbon HMnS coatings are prepared on the 16Mn substrate using coaxial powder‐feeding LC technology. It has a single austenite phase, without large defects such as pores and cracks. Then, ultrasonic shock peening is used to harden the HMnS coating, and the mechanical properties such as microhardness, impact toughness, wear and tensile properties are measured, which prove that HMnS coating has excellent working hardening, plasticity, toughness, and wear resistance properties. Finally, transmission electron microscopy is used to investigate the coupling effects such as dislocations, multiple twinning, and stacking faults on the HMnS coating after tensile fracture (true strain 39.2%). The deformation strengthening mechanism based on the dynamic Hall–Petch effect is revealed. The research results provide a new method for the preparation of high‐carbon HMnS coatings, and a new idea for expanding the application of high‐carbon HMnS.
Strong, healable materials with bio‐like ordered architectures and versatile functionality
Authors: Li Xinkai , Wang Yuyan , Zhang Xinxing
Published: November 2024

The capacity of biological tissues to undergo self‐healing is crucial for the performance of functions and the continuation of life. Conventional intrinsic self‐healing materials demonstrate analogous functionality depending on the dissociation‐recombination of reversible bonds with no need of extra repair agents. However, the trade‐off relationship between mechanical strength and self‐healing kinetics in intrinsic self‐healing systems, coupled with the lack of additional functionality, restricts their service life and practical applications. Diversified highly ordered structures in organisms significantly affect the energy dissipation mechanism, signal transmission efficiency, and molecular network reconstruction capability due to their multi‐dimensional differentiated macroscopic composite constructions, microscopic orientation textures, and topologies/bonding types at molecular level. These architectures exhibit distinctive strengthening mechanisms and functionalities, which provide valuable references. This review aims at providing the current status of advanced intrinsic self‐healing materials with biomimetic highly ordered internal micro/nanostructures. Through highlighting specific examples, the classifications, design inspirations, and fabrication strategies of these newly developed materials based on integrating dynamic interactions with ordered nano/microstructures are outlined. Furthermore, the strengthening and self‐healing balance mechanisms, structure–functionalization relationships, and potential application values are discussed. The review concludes with a perspective on the challenges, opportunities, and prospects for the development, application, and promotion of self‐healable materials with bio‐like ordered architectures.
Going Beyond Woodward and Hoffmann's Electrocyclizations and Cycloadditions: Sigmatropic Rearrangements**
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I.
Published: November 2024

On June 1, 1965, R. B. Woodward and Roald Hoffmann published their third communication in the Journal of the American Chemical Society in which they applied orbital symmetry control to explain the mechanism of a wide variety of valence isomerizations that they termed “sigmatropic reactions.” This publication reveals the research trajectory taken by Hoffmann from which this portion of the no‐mechanism problem was solved. Hoffmann used five different quantum chemical tools, all based on either extended Hückel theoretical calculations or frontier molecular orbital theory, in his research. Hoffmann′s laboratory notebooks and his three draft manuscripts along with Woodward′s four subsequent drafts have survived the past 59 years and provide an excellent window into the thinking and manuscript‐writing processes used by these Nobel laureates in February‐April 1965.
Formaldehyde as Preservative for Fish and Seafood: A Boon or a Bane
Authors: Nayak Susri , Nayak Pratyusha , Saha Shubhajit , Patnaik Lipika , Nayak Subhashree , Pradhan Smruti Prajna , Sharma Sthitaprajna Nath , Muduli Nishigandha
Published: November 2024

Three billion people globally rely on fish and other seafood as a significant source of animal protein. Despite being deemed illegal due to its ability to cause cancer, mutagenesis, and tumor development, formaldehyde is still in use to extend the shelf life of different fish and shellfish, which indicates the failure of awareness among people. Formaldehyde is categorized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group‐I human carcinogen. Therefore, we try to summarize the chemistry of formaldehyde, its illegal addition in various food materials leading to adverse health conditions followed by its evaluation at physiological and histological levels in our review with the help of data collected from various research papers, newspaper articles, and online data. We have also highlighted on various environmental factors that play a role in altering the levels of formaldehyde in various food materials. This review also gives an insight into various rules and regulations made to limit the usage of formaldehyde in fish and other seafood at both national and international levels. Our review will help to generate awareness among common people, the establishment of much stronger rules, and regulations on usage of formaldehyde, and finding an alternative for preservation of fish and other food materials.
Pseudoentropy sum rule by analytical continuation of the superposition parameter
Authors: Guo Wu-zhong , Jiang Yao-zong , Xu Jin
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we establish a sum rule that connects the pseudoentropy and entanglement entropy of the superposition state. Through analytical continuation of the superposition parameter, we demonstrate that the transition matrix and density matrix of the superposition state can be treated in a unified manner. Within this framework, we naturally derive sum rules for the (reduced) transition matrix, pseudo-Rényi entropy, and pseudoentropy. Furthermore, we demonstrate the close relationship between the sum rule for pseudoentropy and the singularity structure of the entropy function for the superposition state after analytical continuation. We also explore potential applications of the sum rule, including its relevance to understanding the gravity dual of non-Hermitian transition matrices and establishing upper bounds for the absolute value of pseudoentropy.
SModelS v3: going beyond $$ \mathcal{Z} $$2 topologies
Authors: Altakach Mohammad Mahdi , Kraml Sabine , Lessa Andre , Narasimha Sahana , Pascal Timothée , Ramos Camila , Villamizar Yoxara , Waltenberger Wolfgang
Published: November 2024

Abstract

SModelS is a public tool for fast reinterpretation of LHC searches for new physics based on a large database of simplified model results. While previous versions were limited to models with a $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2 $$

Z
2

-type symmetry, such as R-parity conserving supersymmetry, version 3 can now handle arbitrary signal topologies. To this end, the tool was fully restructured and now relies on a graph-based description of simplified model topologies. In this work, we present the main conceptual changes and novel features of SModelS v3, together with the inclusion of new experimental searches for resonant production of spin-1 and spin-0 mediators with decays to quarks or to dark matter. Applying these results to a model containing two mediators, we discuss the interplay of resonance and missing energy searches, and the model’s coverage by the currently available simplified model results.
Effective theory tower for μ → e conversion
Authors: Haxton Wick , McElvain Kenneth , Menzo Tony , Rule Evan , Zupan Jure
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We present theoretical predictions for μ → e conversion rates using a tower of effective field theories connecting the UV to nuclear physics scales. The interactions in nuclei are described using a recently developed nonrelativistic effective theory (NRET) that organizes contributions according to bound nucleon and muon velocities, $$ {\overrightarrow{v}}_N $$

v
→

N

and $$ {\overrightarrow{v}}_{\mu } $$

v
→

μ

, with $$ \left|{\overrightarrow{v}}_N\right| $$

v
→

N

>$$ \left|{\overrightarrow{v}}_{\mu}\right| $$

v
→

μ

. To facilitate the top-down matching, we enlarge the set of Lorentz covariant nucleon-level interactions mapped onto the NRET operators to include those mediated by tensor interactions, in addition to the scalar and vector interactions already considered previously, and then match NRET nonperturbatively onto the Weak Effective Theory (WET). At the scale μ ≈ 2 GeV WET is formulated in terms of u, d, s quarks, gluons and photons as the light degrees of freedom, along with the flavor-violating leptonic current. We retain contributions from WET operators up to dimension 7, which requires the full set of 26 NRET operators. The results are encoded in the open-source Python- and Mathematica-based software suite MuonBridge, which we make available to the theoretical and experimental communities interested in μ → e conversion.
Tautological rings of fake quaternionic spaces
Authors: Prigge Nils
Published: November 2024

The tautological ring

$$R^*(M)$$

R
∗

(
M
)

of a smooth manifold M is the ring of characteristic classes generated by the Miller–Morita–Mumford classes, and is often more accessible than the ring of all characteristic classes of smooth M-bundles. In this paper, we introduce a new method to obtain upper bounds on the Krull dimension of

$$R^*(M)$$

R
∗

(
M
)

for manifolds homotopy equivalent to a fixed, simply connected Poincaré duality space by using recent progress in rational homotopy theory and the family signature theorem. In particular, we show that the Krull dimension of the tautological ring vanishes for almost all manifolds homotopy equivalent to

$$\mathbb {H}P^2$$

H

P
2

.
Derivation of the Sagnac (Earth-rotation) correction and analysis of its accuracy for GNSS applications
Authors: Hu Wang , Farrell Jay A.
Published: November 2024

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) applications require computation of the geometric range between the satellite vehicle at the time-of-signal transmission and the receiver antenna location at the time-of-signal reception. This computation requires attention to the frames of reference due to the rotation of the Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECEF) frame during the time-of-signal propagation. Three range computation approaches are commonplace and will be discussed herein. The first is the Global Positioning System Interface Control Document recommendation to rotate the ECEF frames to a common reference time. The other two are forms of the Sagnac correction. The Sagnac derivations already in the literature are either limited to stationary receivers or lack the connection between the Earth-centered inertial (ECI) and ECEF frames. Neither form of the Sagnac correction exactly reproduces the geometric range. They are approximations. The literature does not currently contain an analysis of the error involved in using either form of the Sagnac correction. This article makes two contributions: (1) it presents derivations for both forms of the Sagnac correction that are valid for moving receivers and that maintain the connection between the ECI and ECEF frames; and (2) it analyzes the error of the Sagnac correction for orbits of different radius. The analysis shows that Sagnac corrections introduce range errors less than $$7.57\times 10^{-4}$$

7.57
×

10

-
4

meters for GNSS satellites at medium Earth orbit.
Improved Statistics for F-theory Standard Models
Authors: Bies Martin , Cvetič Mirjam , Donagi Ron , Ong Marielle
Published: November 2024

Much of the analysis of F-theory-based Standard Models boils down to computing cohomologies of line bundles on matter curves. By varying parameters one can degenerate such matter curves to singular ones, typically with many nodes, where the computation is combinatorial and straightforward. The question remains to relate the (a priori possibly smaller) value on the original curve to the singular one. In this work, we introduce some elementary techniques (pruning trees and removing interior edges) for simplifying the resulting nodal curves to a small collection of terminal ones that can be handled directly. When applied to the QSMs, these techniques yield optimal results in the sense that obtaining more precise answers would require currently unavailable information about the QSM geometries. This provides us with an opportunity to enhance the statistical bounds established in earlier research regarding the absence of vector-like exotics on the quark-doublet curve.
Viscous and turbulent stress measurements above and below laboratory wind waves
Authors: Tenhaus Janina , Buckley Marc P. , Matt Silvia , Savelyev Ivan B.
Published: November 2024

The influence of wind stress, wind drift, and wind-wave (microscale) breaking on the coupled air–sea boundary layer is poorly understood. We performed high-resolution planar and stereo velocity measurements within the first micrometers to centimeters above and below surface gravity waves at the University of Miami’s SUSTAIN air–sea interaction facility. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was adapted and installed in the large (18 m long, 6 m wide) wind-wave tunnel at a fetch of approximately 10 m. In addition, wave field properties were captured by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Experiments were conducted with wind waves and wind over mechanically generated swell. In this work, we focus on rather smooth, young, wind-generated waves. We present instantaneous velocity and vorticity fields above and below the air–water interface for the same wind-wave conditions. Both instantaneous and phase-averaged fields show strong along-wave modulations in viscous stress. For steeper waves, we observe airflow separation and increased negative turbulent stress below crests, accompanied by sporadic drops in viscous stress below zero. We describe the wave-induced modulations of the airflow structure as well as the wind-induced water dynamics and discuss the importance of the viscous stress for the total momentum budget.

Graphic abstract
A decade of managing pediatric major traumatic vascular injuries: insights from a referral center
Authors: Ab. Rahman Norhafiza , von Delft Dirk , Numanoglu Alp , Mohammad Aidid Edre , Arnold Marion
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Incidence, management, and outcomes of pediatric vascular injuries secondary to non-iatrogenic trauma were reviewed over a decade in our institution.

Methods

A retrospective review of medical records (2013–2022) of major traumatic vascular injuries, focusing on injury profiles, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes.

Results

Thirty patients with 48 vessel injuries were included. Firearms were the leading mechanism, accounting for 43.3% (n = 13) of cases. We identified 29 arterial injuries and 19 venous injuries, with 30 (62.5%) of the overall injuries occurred in the lower extremities. Shock (17; 56.7%) and associated injuries (25; 83.3%) were common. Surgery was the most common management strategy. Autologous bypass graft was the most frequently performed procedure for arterial injuries (8; 42.1%), while ligation dominated in venous injuries (9; 64.3%). Blood transfusion requirements (24; 82.7%) and post-operative prescription of anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents (12; 41.4%) were similar for arterial and venous injuries (p > 0.05). Three patients demised, resulting in a 90% survival rate. Neither the mechanism of injury, anatomical location, and presence of shock on arrival nor the baseline hemoglobin level served as predictors of mortality.

Conclusion

Intensive resuscitation with blood transfusion and prompt surgical intervention achieve favorable survival rates for pediatric traumatic vascular injuries. Optimal post-operative anticoagulant and antiplatelet regimens remain unclear.
Die 2024 ESC-Leitlinien zum Management von Vorhofflimmern
Authors: Wolfes Julian , Eckardt Lars
Published: November 2024

Die neue ESC-Leitlinie zum Management von Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern von 2024 führt den AF-CARE-Pfad als zentrales Akronym des Vorhofflimmermanagements ein. In diesem Zuge rückt das Management von Komorbiditäten (Comorbidities) und Risikofaktoren an die erste Stelle des Vorhofflimmermanagements. Aber auch bei der Schlaganfall- und Thromboembolie-Prophylaxe (Avoidance) zeigt die neue Leitlinie wichtige Änderungen, wie einen veränderten Risikoscore (CHA2DS2-VA) sowie eine Stellungnahme zur Antikoagulation bei subklinischem Vorhofflimmern. Ebenfalls finden sich Änderungen in den Konzepten der Rhythmus- und Frequenzkontrolle mit einer Aufwertung der Rhythmuskontrolle und der Katheterablation. Schlussendlich empfiehlt die Leitlinie eine regelmäßige Reevaluation des Patientenverlaufs zum optimalen Vorhofflimmermanagement. Diese Übersicht fasst die wesentlichen Neuerungen zusammen und diskutiert einige Empfehlungen zu Aspekten, die auch anders bewertet werden können.
Davydov-Moore vaginoplasty in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome: sexual and surgical outcomes
Authors: Piróg Magdalena , Bednarczyk Magdalena , Barabasz Katarzyna , Kacalska-Janssen Olga , Jach Robert
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare surgical and sexual outcomes after Davidov-Moore vaginoplasty in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH).

Methods

In the case-series study, we described seven women, at a median age of 22.6 ± and BMI 22.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2. We measured peri- and postsurgical parameters, including surgery-related neovaginal length and sexual initiation time. Sexual outcomes were measured using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) before and 6 months after vaginoplasty.

Results

All surgical procedures were performed successfully, with one minor perioperative bleeding. The mean time of vaginoplasty was 82.1 min and the mean duration of hospitalization was six days. After a 6-month follow-up, vaginal length was 8.1-times longer than before surgery (10 vs. 81 mm). The time from the surgery to the initiation of vaginal intercourse was between 17 to 22 weeks. The mean FSFI score indicated good results, with no women below 23 score, and was 4.3- times higher when compared with the pre-surgical one (6.7 vs 29.1). Contrary to the FSFI score before surgery, the post-surgical FSFI revealed higher scores in all six different domains: desire (2.5-times), arousal (4.1-times), lubrication (3.8-times), orgasm (3.4-times), satisfaction (3.3-times) and comfort (11-times).

Conclusion

Laparoscopic Davydov-Moore vaginoplasty might be considered as a safe procedure with satisfactory anatomic and sexual outcomes. It should be considered as a treatment option for the creation of neovagina in women with MRKH.
Tackling soil erosion and contamination within the SDGs framework: a case study of the Erdenet copper-molybdenum mine
Authors: Sodnomdarjaa Enkhjargal , Lehmkuhl Frank , Karthe Daniel , Alekseenko Alexey V. , Knippertz Martin
Published: November 2024

Mining operations in Mongolia have contributed significantly to national economic growth. However, the lack of adequate mine land rehabilitation practices has resulted in various forms of land degradation, including land cover change, soil erosion and contamination with heavy metals and metalloids. These issues have negatively affected ecosystems and posed potential risks to human health due to the interconnected relationships between land, water and human activities. This study focuses on the copper-molybdenum mining site of Erdenet, the oldest and one of the largest copper mines in Mongolia, to investigate the main drivers of soil degradation and evaluate effective rehabilitation strategies. By combining findings from our previous studies on soil erosion and contamination in the Erdenet area with a review of existing research, we assess key rehabilitation priorities. Taking a Nexus approach, this study explores the interconnections between environmental, economic and social sectors, emphasizing the importance of balancing mining activities with sustainable land management. The previous studies suggest that for the next 10–15 years, priorities should focus on tailings storage facility rehabilitation and soil contamination remediation, while longer-term goals include developing sustainable environmental management strategies that foster cooperation between mining corporations and local communities, enforce regulations and improve monitoring in the Erdenet mining area. The study aligns these priorities with the Sustainable Development Goals, offering science-based recommendations for managing soil erosion and reducing contamination.
Element analysis applied to investigate acute kidney injury induced by red yeast rice supplement
Authors: Abe Makoto , Ogawa Tadayuki , Magome Nobuyuki , Ono Yuko , Tojo Akihiro
Published: November 2024

Silica nanoparticles are used in functional foods and tablets to increase drug stability and delivery. We investigated a patient with acute kidney injury with Fanconi syndrome after taking functional food tablets made from red yeast rice using low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) with an element analysis system. Kidney biopsy revealed proximal tubular necrosis and vacuolization with 10–20 nm black granules, which were similar to the silica nanoparticles found in the functional food tablets and urinary samples, as determined via LVSEM with element analysis. Reabsorbed silica nanoparticles induce oxidative stress in the kidney. Element analysis by LVSEM is useful to investigate a possible cause of acute tubular necrosis in patients with Fanconi syndrome.
Qualität rettungsdienstlicher Verdachtsdiagnosen und Dringlichkeitsbeurteilungen
Authors: Villis Marten , Henke Thomas J. , Thate Stefan , Christoph Jan , Seeger Insa
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit

Die Qualität rettungsdienstlicher Verdachtsdiagnosen und Dringlichkeitsbeurteilungen ohne notärztliche Beteiligung ist unzureichend erforscht. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Evaluierung dieser Parameter aus Einsätzen mit und ohne Notarztbeteiligung hinsichtlich ihrer Übereinstimmung mit klinischen Verlaufsdaten.

Methode

Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Beobachtungsstudie für das Jahr 2019, in der präklinische, rettungsdienstliche Daten (Verdachtsdiagnosen, Sichtungskategorien) aus dem IVENA eHealth System mit klinischen Daten aus der Notaufnahme (ärztliche Diagnosen, ambulante oder stationäre Behandlung) des Evangelischen Krankenhauses Oldenburg (EVK) mittels Kreuztabellen und logistischer Regression verglichen und analysiert wurden.

Ergebnis

Aus 8443 IVENA-Anmeldungen für das EVK im Jahr 2019 wurde eine Zufallsstichprobe von 1150 Fällen gezogen, wovon 978 (85,0 %) in die Analyse der Verdachtsdiagnosen eingeschlossen werden konnten. 784 (82,1 %) der rettungsdienstlichen Verdachtsdiagnosen stimmten ganz oder teilweise mit den klinischen Diagnosen überein. In 150 (15,7 %) Fällen wurde die Verdachtsdiagnose nicht bestätigt, in 20 (2,1 %) Fällen wurden wichtige Symptome/Verletzungen übersehen. Das größte Risiko einer falschen Verdachtsdiagnose bestand bei Patienten aus Pflegeheimen (n = 28; 31,5 %; p < 0,001) und bei Patienten mit neurologischen Verdachtsdiagnosen (n = 76; 28,9 %; p < 0,001). Bei 1005 (87,3 %) Fällen lagen Angaben zur Dringlichkeitsbeurteilung vor, davon stimmten bei 714 (71,0 %) Fällen die Einschätzungen des Rettungsdienstpersonals mit der Behandlungsart (ambulant/stationär) überein. In 243 (24,2 %) Fällen wurde der Therapiebedarf überschätzt, in 48 (4,8 %) unterschätzt.

Diskussion

Unsere Studie zeigt trotz hoher Übereinstimmungen einen Verbesserungsbedarf des rettungsdienstlichen Qualitätsmanagements. Ein IT-gestütztes Feedbacksystem könnte Abhilfe schaffen.

Graphic abstract
Efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in treatment of refractory epilepsy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials
Authors: Hawas Yousef , Abbas Abdallah , Alkhawaldeh Ibraheem M. , Zeid Mohamed Abo , Al Azzawi Mohammad Al Diab , Alsalhi Hamza Khaled , Negida Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Despite the currently available treatment, one-third of epilepsy patients continue to experience seizures. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a potential neuromodulation approach for the non-invasive treatment of refractory epilepsy. This study aims to provide a comprehensive investigation of the efficacy and safety of tDCS in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The following databases were searched from inception until June 2023; PubMed, Scopus, Embase, WOS, EBSCO, Cochrane Central, and Ovid MEDLINE. Pooled mean difference was calculated for change in seizure frequency (SF), and number of Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) at different follow-up intervals. We included nine parallel randomized sham-controlled trials with a total of 267 patients. Active tDCS patients had a significantly lower SF per month at 4 and 8 weeks (MD = -4.06, 95% CI [-6.01 to -2.12], p < 0.0001), and (MD = -2.66, 95% CI [-5.09 to -0.23], p = 0.03), respectively. However, weekly SF showed no statistically significant results at 4 weeks of follow-up. The IEDs were observed to significantly decline at 2, 4, and 8 weeks of follow-up. The reported adverse events were mild including mild itching and erythematous rash that resolved spontaneously. In conclusion, tDCS significantly reduced monthly SF and the number of IEDs. Future large RCTs with standard clear informed parameters are still required.
Dietary intervention of propolis and/or turmeric boosted growth, hematology, biochemical profile, and antioxidant-immune responses and their associated gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) challenged with Edwardsiella tarda
Authors: Edrees Asmaa , Abdel-Daim Asmaa S. A. , Shaban Nema S. , Shehata Olfat , Ibrahim Rowida E.
Published: November 2024

Immunostimulant phytogenic feed additives are given great concern for improving fish health, growth, immune responses, and resistance to diseases. This research investigated the impact of dietary propolis (PRO), turmeric (TUR), and their combination on the growth, hematology, antioxidant-immune responses, and their regulating genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during Edwardsiella tarda challenge. For 8 weeks, a total number of 320 fish (20.70 ± 0.14 g) were allocated into four groups at random, each with eight replicates (10 fish each). The first group (1st) was given the basal diet (control) without any supplements. The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups were supplemented with 1% PRO, 1% TUR, and the mixture (1%PRO + 1%TUR), respectively. The experimental groups were challenged intraperitoneally with E. tarda at a dose of 0.1 mL (1 × 105 CFU) at the termination of the feeding trial, and the fish survival was estimated for an additional 7 days. The results demonstrated that fish-fed diets supplemented with PRO and/or TUR showed higher body weight, condition factor, specific growth rate, feed intake, and feed efficiency utilization than the control group (P < 0.05). The hematological, protein profile, and antioxidant-immune (total antioxidant capacity, lysozymes, and IgM) parameters were substantially improved in the challenged fish fed on PRO and/or TUR diets compared to the challenged non-fed fish. The lipid profile and malondialdehyde were substantially decreased in the challenged fish fed on PRO and/or TUR diets compared to the challenged non-fed group. Notably, a down-turning of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression with up-turning of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) expression was noticed in the challenged fish fed on PRO and/or TUR diets compared to the challenged non-fed fish. Noteworthy, dietary PRO and/or TUR improved the fish survival during E. tarda challenge. The mixture of PRO and TUR can be added to Nile tilapia diets to enhance their growth, immune response, and resistance to E. tarda. These outcomes help in the sustainable development of the Nile tilapia culture industry.

Graphical Abstract
Engineering PLA-MXene nanocomposite with balanced mechanical properties for enhanced shape memory effect
Authors: Maurya Muni Raj , Sha Mizaj Shabil , Latrous Latifa , Megriche Adel , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar
Published: November 2024

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as shape memory material has gained attention due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ease of processing by 3D printing. PLA’s environmentally friendly nature makes it an attractive candidate for sustainable and recyclable shape memory applications. However, PLA’s slow shape recovery rate and low shape fixation percentage hinder its applicability as shape memory material. In the present study, we report MXene-modified PLA (PLA/Mx) nanocomposite with enhanced shape memory effect. Solution processing methods mediated the loading of the MXene in the PLA matrix. Different samples were prepared by varying the weight% of the MXene in the PLA matrix. The structure and morphology of samples were analyzed by XRD and TEM characterization. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed to measure the thermal stability of the composite. Compared with pure PLA, with MXene loading, the PLA/Mx composites show an increase in thermal. The shape recovery study on PLA/Mx samples used temperature as an external stimulus. The PLA/Mx composite exhibited a significantly improved shape memory effect than the PLA alone. The study exhibits that a shape memory effect can be improved by tuning the MXene additive loading in the PLA matrix. The material shape recovery effect was validated by fabricating the spiral structure. The fast shape recovery time 3s and shape fixation/recovery of > 95% was observed for 1 wt% of PLA/Mx. The PLA/Mx composite is expected to contribute significantly to implementing innovative shape memory applications, particularly in the biomedical field for sutures, controlled drug release, and minimally invasive devices.
Glioblastoma cells alter brain endothelial cell homeostasis and tight junction protein expression in vitro
Authors: Mokoena Xolisile , Mabeta Peace , Cordier Werner , Flepisi Brian Thabile
Published: November 2024

Background

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive therapy-resistant brain tumour that may impacts the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a protective barrier of the central nervous system formed mainly by endothelial cells. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro effect of GBM cells on the BBB.

Methods

Brain endothelial (bEnd.3) cells were used as a model of the BBB. Glioblastoma-conditioned media (CM) was extracted at the 48-h (h) time-point from the U87 GBM cells and diluted to 40% with fresh media. The effect of the U87-CM collected at 48 h on bEnd.3 cell growth was evaluated following 48 and 72 h of treatment using the xCELLigence system. Additionally, bEnd.3 cell growth was also investigated in a U87 and bEnd.3 co-culture model continuously for 48 h using the xCELLigence system. The migration of bEnd.3 cells was assessed following 48 and 72 h using the migration scratch assay. The barrier integrity was evaluated continuously for 1 h using the transwell permeability, and the tight junction (TJ) protein expression was evaluated using Western blot assay following 48 and 72 h.

Results

There was a significant decrease in bEnd.3 cell growth following 32 h (p < 0.05), 40 h (p < 0.01), and 48 h (p < 0.001) of treatment with U87-CM, while co-culturing of bEnd.3 and U87 cells increased cell growth following 16 h (p < 0.05), 24 h (p < 0.001), 32 h (p < 0.01), 40 h (p < 0.001), and 48 h (p < 0.001). The migration of bEnd.3 cells significantly increased following both 24 (p < 0.05) and 48 h (p < 0.01) of treatment with U87-CM. The permeability of bEnd.3 cells co-cultured with U87 for 48 h was significantly increased (p < 0.05) at the 15- and 30-min time points. Furthermore, the expression of ZO-1 and occludin was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in both bEnd.3 cells treated with U87-CM as well as bEnd.3 cells co-cultured with U87 cells.

Conclusion

The current findings suggest that U87 cells alter the integrity of bEnd.3 cells possibly through the secretomes in the CM and through cell–cell interactions in co-culture models. This may assist in the understanding of the mechanisms by which GBM affects the BBB, which may aid in the management thereof.
An Optimized Approach for Detection and Classification of Spam Email’s Using Ensemble Methods
Authors: Fatima Rubab , Fareed Mian Muhammad Sadiq , Ullah Saleem , Ahmad Gulnaz , Mahmood Saqib
Published: November 2024

Since the advent of email services, spam emails have been a major concern because users’ security depends on the classification of emails as ham or spam. It’s a malware attack that has been used for spear phishing, whaling, clone phishing, website forgery, and other harmful activities. However, various ensemble Machine Learning (ML) algorithms used for the detection and filtering of spam emails have been less explored. In this research, we offer a ML-based optimized algorithm for detecting spam emails that have been enhanced using Hyper-parameter tuning approaches. The proposed approach uses two feature extraction modules, namely Count-Vectorizer and TFIDF-Vectorizer that provide the most effective classification results when we apply them to three different publicly available email data sets: Ling Spam, UCI SMS Spam, and the Proposed dataset. Moreover, to extend the performance of classifiers we used various ML methods such as Naive Bayes (NB), Logistic Regression (LR), Extra Tree, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), XG-Boost, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Multi-layer Perception (MLP), and parameter optimization approaches such as Manual search, Random search, Grid search, and Genetic algorithm. For all three data sets, the SGD outperformed other algorithms. All of the other ensembles (Extra Tree, RF), linear models (LR, Linear-SVC), and MLP performed admirably, with relatively high precision, recall, accuracies, and F1-score.
Turbine cooling air estimation in thermodynamic simulations
Authors: Schneider Björn
Published: November 2024

Modern gas turbines utilize a high amount of the core mass flow rate for component cooling. Thus, a coherent thermodynamic gas turbine representation demands a well-modeled secondary air system, which is able to estimate mass flow rates depending on respective design decisions. In this paper, the focus is set on the estimation of turbine blade cooling air. For this purpose, five different methods are presented and analyzed. The described concepts can be split into empirical and semi-empirical approaches. The semi-empirical approaches, the Horlock [1], Jonsson [2] and the Halliwell [3] method, are able to predict the blade temperature based on a given cooling mass flow rate or the needed cooling air based on a given blade temperature. In contrast, the empirical methods, the Grieb [4] and the Walsh [5] method, can only predict the cooling air consumption. Due to the fully empirical approaches the field of application is limited to the considered engine structures. On the other hand, the empirical methods lead to a better convergence behavior in comparison to the semi-empirical approaches due to their relatively simple calculation methods. The selected cooling air estimations are implemented in the performance code DLRp2 [6–8]. Therefore, processes and methods are deployed that allow to estimate turbines with unlimited cooled stages. Additionally, an off-design procedure is proposed to consider the occurring stagnation temperature drop between stator and rotor based on a reference temperature offset. A simplified thermodynamic gas turbine model is used to analyze the different cooling air estimation methods. For this purpose, sensitivity analyses for the main cooling air parameters are carried out. Moreover, all methods that were developed for the most stressed operating point are compared. Finally, the simplified model is calibrated to NASA’s energy efficient engine [9].
Stable self-assembled oral metformin-bridged nanocochleates against hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: El-Melegy Mohamed G. , El-Kamel Amal H. , Mehanna Radwa A. , Gaballah Ahmed , Eltaher Hoda M.
Published: November 2024

Despite its established anti-diabetic activity, Metformin hydrochloride (MET) has been repurposed for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Owing to MET high aqueous solubility and poor oral permeability, a novel nanoplatform is sought to overcome the current challenges of traditional formulations. In this study, we developed MET-bridged nanocochleates (MET-CO) using a direct bridging method followed by optimization and assessment using various in-vitro and in-vivo pharmacokinetic methods. The optimized nanocochleates MET-CODCP 19, containing dicetyl phosphate (DCP), displayed uniform snail-shaped nano-rolls measuring 136.41 ± 2.11 nm with a PDI of 0.241 ± 0.005 and a highly negative ζ-potential of -61.93 ± 2.57 mV. With an impressive MET encochleation efficiency (> 75%), MET-CODCP 19 exhibited a controlled biphasic release profile, with minimal initial burst followed by prolonged release for 24 h. Importantly, they showed significant MET permeation in both in-vitro Caco-2 and ex-vivo intestinal models compared to non-DCP containing formula or MET solution. The in-vivo oral bioavailability study demonstrated pronounced improvements in the pharmacokinetic parameters with a 5.5 relative bioavailability compared to MET solution. Notably, a significant reduction in IC50 values in HepG2 cells after 24 h of treatment was observed. Furthermore, the optimized formulation showed a significant downregulation of anti-apoptotic and cancer stemness genes, with 12- and 2-fold lower expression compared to MET solution. These promising results highlight the efficacy of the novel MET-bridged nanocochleates as a stable nanoplatform for enhancing the oral bioavailability of MET and boosting its anticancer potential against HCC.

Graphical Abstract
A queer feminist posthuman framework for bioethics: on vulnerability, antimicrobial resistance, and justice
Authors: Sudenkaarne Tiia
Published: November 2024

In this paper, I discuss the bioethical principle of justice and the bioethical key concept of vulnerability, in a queer feminist posthuman framework. I situate these contemplations, philosophical by nature, in the context of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one the most vicious moral problems of our time. Further, I discuss how gender and sexual variance, vulnerability and justice manifest in AMR. I conclude by considering my queer feminist posthuman framework for vulnerability and justice in relation to the notion of antibiotic vulnerabilities, suggesting a lacuna for further AMR research.
A Novel Pediatric Clinical Skills Curriculum to Prepare Medical Students for Pediatrics Clerkship
Authors: Podraza Lindsay C. , Starnes Lauren S. , Starnes Joseph R. , Patel Anuj , Apple Rachel K. P.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Medical students feel poorly prepared to examine pediatric patients during clerkship. Our institution’s introduction to clinical skills course lacked practice with pediatrics physical examination skills. We developed a novel clinical skills curriculum to increase students’ confidence in examining pediatric patients.

Methods

Ericsson’s deliberate practice conceptual framework guided curriculum design. We utilized a flipped-classroom model to teach the newborn examination. Students watched a video, then practiced with manikins and patients. For the child examination, students attended a lecture and practiced with hospitalized children and facilitators. Students then participated in a Home, Education, Eating/Exercise, Activities/Employment, Drugs, Suicidality, Sexuality, Safety (HEEADSSS) didactic and role play activity. Before and after participation, students completed REDCap surveys ranking confidence in performing pediatric examinations and identifying normal examination findings on a Likert scale (1 = “Not at all confident,” 4 = “Extremely confident”). We analyzed data using Wilcoxon rank sum tests.

Results

A total of 97 students participated in the curriculum. Respectively, 56 (58%) and 32 (30%) students completed pre- and post-participation surveys. Post-participation, students reported increased confidence in identifying normal infant (median [interquartile range]; (2 [2,2] vs 4 [3,4]; p < 0.001) and child (2 [2,2] vs 3 [3,4]; p < 0.001) examination findings as well as HEEADSSS assessment components (2 [1.5,2] vs 4 [3,4]; p < 0.001), and had significantly higher scores on confidence performing infant (2 [2,2.5] vs 4 [3,4]; p < 0.001), child (2 [2,2] vs 3 [3,4]; p < 0.001), and HEEADSSS assessment (2 [2,3] vs 4 [3,4]; p < 0.001).

Discussion

This multi-modal curriculum emphasizing pediatric examination skills improved students’ confidence in pediatric-specific knowledge and skills prior to clerkship.