bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graph reinforcement learning for exploring model spaces beyond the standard model
Authors: Wojcik George N. , Eu Shu Tian , Everett Lisa L.
Published: February 2025

We present a methodology for performing scans of beyond the standard model (BSM) parameter spaces with reinforcement learning. We identify a novel procedure using graph neural networks that is capable of exploring spaces of models without the user specifying a fixed particle content, allowing broad classes of BSM models to be explored—in theory, the technique is applicable to nearly any model space with a prespecified gauge group. We provide a generic procedure by which a suitable graph grammar can be developed for any BSM model that features user-specified symmetry groups and a finite number of different possible particle species, the use of which is applicable to a variety of machine learning tasks over the actions of BSM theories beyond our particular reinforcement learning use case. As a proof of concept, we construct the graph grammar for theories with vectorlike leptons that may or may not be charged under a dark U(1) group, inspired by portal matter extensions of the sub-GeV vector portal/kinetic mixing simplified dark matter models. We then use this graph grammar to create a reinforcement learning environment tasked with creating models with these vectorlike leptons that are consistent with a list of a variety of precision observables. The reinforcement learning agent succeeds in developing models that can address the observed muon anomalous magnetic moment discrepancy while remaining consistent with flavor violation and electroweak precision observables, including both constructions that have previously been studied as well as new models that have not, to our knowledge, previously been identified. By inspecting the resulting ensembles of models that the agent produces and experimenting with different configurations for our reinforcement learning environment and graph grammar, we also infer various lessons about the development of these environments that can be transferable to reinforcement learning scans of more complicated model spaces and comment on future directions for the development of this technique into a more mature tool.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Factorization Restoration through Glauber Gluons
Authors: Becher Thomas , Hager Patrick , Jaskiewicz Sebastian , Neubert Matthias , Schwienbacher Dominik
Published: February 2025

We analyze the low-energy dynamics of gap-between-jets cross sections at hadron colliders, for which phase factors in the hard amplitudes spoil collinear cancellations and lead to double (“super-leading”) logarithmic behavior. Based on a method-of-regions analysis, we identify three-loop contributions from perturbative active-active Glauber-gluon exchanges with the right structure to render the cross section consistent with PDF factorization below the gap veto scale. The Glauber contributions we identify are unambiguously defined without regulators beyond dimensional regularization.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Multiscale Physics of Atomic Nuclei from First Principles
Authors: Sun Z. H. , Ekström A. , Forssén C. , Hagen G. , Jansen G. R. , Papenbrock T.
Published: February 2025

Atomic nuclei exhibit multiple energy scales ranging from hundreds of MeV in binding energies to fractions of an MeV for low-lying collective excitations. As the limits of nuclear binding are approached near the neutron and proton drip lines, traditional shell structure starts to melt with an onset of deformation and an emergence of coexisting shapes. It is a long-standing challenge to describe this multiscale physics starting from nuclear forces with roots in quantum chromodynamics. Here, we achieve this within a unified and nonperturbative quantum many-body framework that captures both short- and long-range correlations starting from modern nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces from chiral effective field theory. The short-range (dynamic) correlations which account for the bulk of the binding energy are included within a symmetry-breaking framework, while long-range (static) correlations (and fine details about the collective structure) are included by employing symmetry projection techniques. Our calculations accurately reproduce—within theoretical error bars—available experimental data for low-lying collective states and the electromagnetic quadrupole transitions in Ne20−30. In addition, we reveal coexisting spherical and deformed shapes in Ne30, which indicates the breakdown of the magic neutron number N=20 as the key nucleus O28 is approached, and we predict that the drip line nuclei Ne32,34 are strongly deformed and collective. By developing reduced-order models for symmetry-projected states, we perform a global sensitivity analysis and find that the subleading singlet S-wave contact and a pion-nucleon coupling strongly impact nuclear deformation in chiral effective field theory. The techniques developed in this work clarify how microscopic nuclear forces generate the multiscale physics of nuclei spanning collective phenomena as well as short-range correlations and allow one to capture emergent and dynamical phenomena in finite fermion systems such as atom clusters, molecules, and atomic nuclei.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Formalization or improvisation: the influence of team mindfulness on team resilience
Authors: Wang Yingli , He Qinghua , Xie Jianxun , Wang Zilun
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The increasing unexpected contingencies make resilience indispensable for project teams. Drawn on input–process–outcome (IPO) framework, this study aims to investigate how and when team mindfulness (i.e. input) fosters team resilience (i.e. outcome) via team formalization and team improvisation (i.e. process) under boundary conditions of the shared mental model.

Design/methodology/approach

By conducting a three-wave research design, this paper collects 312 questionaries from the Chinese construction industry. The proposed hypotheses were tested by hierarchical regression analysis and structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results confirm that team mindfulness exerts a positive effect on team resilience. The positive relationship is mediated by team formalization and team improvisation. In addition, the shared mental model serves as a buffering moderator between team mindfulness and team resilience via team improvisation.

Practical implications

This study suggests managers take appropriate interventions of mindfulness to foster team resilience. Making explicit procedures for risk management and taking improvisational action appropriately are also key processes for addressing crises.

Originality/value

This study enriches the literature on the positive prediction effect of team mindfulness on team resilience. Combining team formalization with team improvisation, this study provides new alternatives for the process variables in the IPO framework. Furthermore, this paper reveals the “dark side” of the shared mental model on the relationship between team mindfulness and team resilience.
Industry 4.0 in Africa: challenges and opportunities in the Moroccan and Nigerian automotive industries
Authors: Ojubanire Olugbenga Ayo , Marhraoui Mohamed Amine , Sebti Hicham , Berbain Sabrina
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore the challenges and opportunities of adopting Industry 4.0 technologies in Africa, specifically focusing on the automotive industries in Morocco and Nigeria. By comparing these two leading African countries in Industry 4.0 adoption, the research seeks to identify key factors influencing the implementation of smart manufacturing technologies and to provide insights into the potential benefits and challenges faced.

Design/methodology/approach

The research uses a multiple case study design with a quantitative approach, collecting data through structured questionnaires from 167 participants across five automotive companies in Morocco and Nigeria. Regression analysis assessed the impact of opportunities and challenges. Statistical analysis identified significant differences between the two countries.

Findings

The study reveals significant differences in the perceived challenges and benefits of Industry 4.0 adoption between Morocco and Nigeria. In Morocco, key challenges include high implementation costs and resistance to change, whereas, in Nigeria, lack of skilled workforce and high implementation costs are predominant barriers. Both countries recognize the benefits of improved productivity, better product quality and enhanced supply chain agility.

Research limitations/implications

While focused on two countries and the automotive industry, the study provides valuable insights into Industry 4.0 adoption in Africa, with potential for expanded future research.

Practical implications

The insights provided by this study can guide policymakers in developing tailored strategies to support Industry 4.0 adoption in Africa. For organizations, understanding the specific challenges and benefits can aid in designing effective Industry 4.0 implementation plans, enhancing competitiveness and achieving sustainable growth.

Originality/value

By providing a comparative analysis of Morocco and Nigeria, the study offers unique insights into the specific factors influencing Industry 4.0 implementation in different African contexts with differences between North and West of Africa.
A hybridized Pythagorean fuzzy AHP and WASPAS method for airline new route selection: case study of Turkish Airline
Authors: Koma Şenay , Kusakci Ali Osman , Haji Amiri Misagh
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to provide a practical and novel solution for the complex multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem of airline route selection, which is characterized by conflicting criteria, alternative routes, and complex judgments.

Design/methodology/approach

This study proposes a hybrid MCDM approach using Interval-valued Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP and Interval-valued Pythagorean Fuzzy weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) methods. Decision analysis is applied to select a new route between different alternatives through selection criteria. Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP is used for weighting criteria, and Pythagorean Fuzzy WASPAS is used for assessing alternatives. The pair-wise linguistic comparisons of selection criteria are transferred into Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (PFNs) to weigh each criterion’s importance.

Findings

The pair-wise linguistic comparisons of selection criteria are transferred into PFNs to weigh each criterion’s importance. The results of these comparisons show that the main criteria, cost (43% weight) and demand (33% weight), impact route selection decisions more than social/economic conditions (15% weight) and competitiveness (9% weight). Regarding the criteria, the five routes alternative were evaluated by the route development experts, and the best route was selected with Pythagorean Fuzzy WASPAS.

Practical implications

The proposed model is used for a route selection problem of Turkish Airlines, the airline that flies to the most countries in the world.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to use the Interval-valued Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP combined with Interval-valued Pythagorean Fuzzy WASPAS to solve the route selection problem. This hybrid MCDM methodology presents a novel and feasible solution for selecting the new route for airlines.
Adverse childhood experiences, insecure attachment, and appointment compliance in an outpatient addiction psychiatry treatment population
Authors: Chambers Joanna E. , Perkins Susan M. , Mosesso Kelly M. , Ahdoot Azziza , Arnaudo Camila L. , Chambers R. Andrew
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives

Suffering adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increases the probability of developing adult mental illness, addictions, and insecure attachment. This study determined how ACEs and insecure attachment are associated with each other, and how they may predict treatment engagement in an integrated dual diagnosis treatment clinic.

Methods

A sample of n = 264 patients entering a university‐affiliated addiction psychiatry clinic underwent diagnostic intakes supplemented by assessments of attachment styles (Anxious/Avoidant, using the 36‐item Experiences in Close Relationships‐Relationship Structures (ECR‐RS) scale) and childhood adversity (10‐item Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE‐Q) scale). Compliance with psychotherapy versus medication appointments was tracked for 6 months post intake.

Results

ACE‐Q scores (median of 4) were significantly associated with higher anxious and avoidant attachment scores and the number of mental health diagnoses. Only one in five patients obtained 75% or higher compliance rates with psychotherapy; two in five achieved 75% or higher compliance with medication appointments. Greater anxious attachment predicted lower show rates for both psychotherapy and medication appointments, whereas greater avoidant attachment predicted lower compliance for psychotherapy only.

Discussion and Conclusions

This study confirms the linkage of ACEs and insecure attachment patterns in dual‐diagnosis patients seeking integrated addiction psychiatry care. Insecure attachment patterns differentially predicted lower appointment compliance, particularly for psychotherapies.

Scientific Significance

Childhood trauma and associated adult attachment dysfunction warrant further investigation not only as causes and correlates of mental illness and addiction but also for improving treatment engagement, therapeutic attachments, and recovery outcomes.
Trends in Proportions of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Among Reported Respiratory Tract Infection Cases in Children Aged 0 to 5 Years in Western Pacific and Southeast Asia Regions: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Park Sangshin , Lee Hyelan , Park Jung Yoon , Choi Sujin , Kim Hyun Jung , Bertizzolo Lorenzo , Lee Young Hwa , Choe Young June
Published: February 2025

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children globally. This study aimed to incorporate new data to update estimates of RSV burden in children through 5 years of age in Western Pacific and Southeast Asia Regions.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to examine the proportion of RSV among cases of respiratory tract infection (RTI) in children in Western Pacific and Southeast Asia Regions using random effects models. Studies were eligible if they met the following inclusion criteria: (1) observational studies such as cohort and cross‐sectional studies; (2) studies on humans; (3) studies on patients with RTI or influenza‐like illness (ILI); (4) studies reporting incidence or proportion of RSV infection among respiratory related illness; and (5) studies on children aged 5 years or less.

Findings

A total of 4403 studies were identified from an initial search. After screening titles, abstracts, and full‐text review, a total of 173 studies that met predefined eligibility criteria were included in the analysis. The overall proportion of RSV infections among all ARTIs was 18.7% (95% CI: 16.0%–21.5%), whereas the proportion of RSV infections among LRTIs was 28.7% (95% CI: 2.6%–30.3%) in children in Western Pacific and Southeast Asia Regions between 1970 and 2020. The proportion of RSV infections peaked in the 1980s at 33.4% (95% CI: 19.8%–48.5%), having increased from 10.6% (95% CI: 2.9%–22.2%) in the 1970s. It then showed a decreasing trend, with 28.9% (95% CI: 18.8%–40.3%) in the 1990s, 24.5% (95% CI: 22.3%–26.8%) in the 2000s, and 20.1% (95% CI: 17.8%–22.5%) in the 2010s. By country, Myanmar (50.0%; 95% CI, 47.5%–52.4%) and New Zealand (45.3%; 95% CI, 37.1%–53.7%) had the highest proportion during the overall time period, followed by Bhutan (45.2%; 95% CI, 36.4%–54.3%), Lao PDR (41.0%; 95% CI, 36.2%–46.0%), and Vietnam (35.5%; 95% CI, 19.3%–53.6%).

Interpretation

Substantial RSV‐associated disease burden occurs in children in Western Pacific and Southeast Asia Regions. Our findings provide new and important evidence of the need for RSV prevention in Western Pacific and Southeast Asia countries. They could inform future preventive policy.
Plasma membrane H+‐ATPase activation increases global transcript levels and promotes the shoot growth of light‐grown Arabidopsis seedlings
Authors: Kinoshita Satoru Naganawa , Taki Kyomi , Okamoto Fumika , Nomoto Mika , Takahashi Koji , Hayashi Yuki , Ohkanda Junko , Tada Yasuomi , Finkemeier Iris , Kinoshita Toshinori
Published: February 2025

Plant cell growth requires the elongation of cells mediated by cell wall remodelling and turgor pressure changes. The plasma membrane (PM) H+‐ATPase facilitates both cell wall loosening and turgor pressure changes by acidifying the apoplast of cells, referred to as acid growth. The acid growth theory is mostly established on the auxin‐induced activation of PM H+‐ATPase in non‐photosynthetic tissues. However, how PM H+‐ATPase affects the growth in photosynthetic tissues of Arabidopsis remains unclear. Here, a combination of transcriptomics and cis‐regulatory element analysis was conducted to identify the impact of PM H+‐ATPase on global transcript levels and the molecular mechanism downstream of the PM H+‐ATPase. The PM H+‐ATPase activation increased transcript levels globally, especially cell wall modification‐related genes. The transcript level changes were in PM H+‐ATPase‐dependent manner. Involvement of Ca2+ was suggested as CAMTA motif was enriched in the promoter of PM H+‐ATPase‐induced genes and cytosolic Ca2+ elevated upon PM H+‐ATPase activation. PM H+‐ATPase activation in photosynthetic tissues promotes the expression of cell wall modification enzymes and shoot growth, adding a novel perspective of photosynthesis‐dependent PM H+‐ATPase activation in photosynthetic tissues to the acid growth theory that has primarily based on findings from non‐photosynthetic tissues.
Advancing the clinical use of zirconia dental implants: a comprehensive review of outcomes, innovations and challenges
Authors: Carone Claudio , Lauria Pietro , Cardarelli Filippo , Del Vecchio Micaela , Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Qorri Erda , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Zirconia dental implants have gained attention as an alternative to titanium implants. They offer superior aesthetics, biocompatibility, and appeal for metal-free restorations. This review examines zirconia implants clinical performance, mechanical properties, and design and surface treatment innovations. The analysis includes studies from 2008 to 2020, evaluating survival rates, bone loss, and challenges with osseointegration and mechanical fragility.
Clinical evidence suggests that zirconia implants exhibit survival rates similar to titanium implants, with minimal marginal bone loss and favorable soft tissue outcomes. One-piece designs show better performance due to reduced mechanical failure risk. However, zirconia's brittleness remains limited, especially in high-stress areas like the posterior mandible. Advances in zirconia formulations and surface treatments, such as sandblasting and acid etching, have improved osseointegration and clinical success.
Although short-and medium-term studies are promising, the absence of long-term data raises concerns regarding the durability and performance of zirconia implants. Further research is needed to address osseointegration variability, refine surface modification techniques, and explore hybrid implant designs combining zirconia and titanium for enhanced mechanical strength. In conclusion, while zirconia implants offer significant potential as a titanium alternative, ongoing research, and long-term clinical trials are essential for their widespread acceptance in modern implantology.
Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of dental erosion: a narrative review.
Authors: Memè Lucia , Nardelli Paola , Chieppa Silvia , Del Vecchio Micaela , Cardarelli Filippo , Sguera Nicola , Bambini Fabrizio , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Qorri Erda , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Dental erosion is a progressive and irreversible loss of dental tissues caused by chemical processes from intrinsic or extrinsic acids without bacterial involvement. This condition, categorized as part of tooth wear, has gained increasing attention due to its rising prevalence, particularly among children and adolescents. Teeth erosion is often linked to modern dietary habits, including consuming acidic foods, beverages, and certain medications. The impact of dental erosion varies, from localized damage to the entire dentition, with factors such as acid exposure, pH, and the type of acid contributing to its severity. Prevention strategies focus on oral health education, dietary modifications, and remineralization with fluoride-based products, while emerging biomimetic technologies, such as nanomaterials and bioactive polymers, show promise. Restorative treatments, including composite restorations and veneers, are used for advanced cases but lack standardized guidelines for optimal application. Thirty-four studies were included in this article, focusing on fluoride-based products, innovative varnishes, and minimally invasive restorative techniques like CAD-CAM and injection molding. The review highlights the need for further research on the long-term effectiveness of these interventions and the development of standardized clinical guidelines to improve treatment outcomes.
Oral manifestations of human papillomavirus: review of the literature
Authors: Balestriere Liviana , Fiore Arianna , Cardarelli Filippo , Sguera Nicola , Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Bordea Ioana Roxana Bordea , Del Vecchio Micaela , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Qorri Erda , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, with significant implications for oral and oropharyngeal health. While low-risk HPV types (e.g., HPV 6, 11) are associated with benign lesions, high-risk types (e.g., HPV 16, 18) are linked to the development of malignancies, such as cervical and oropharyngeal cancers.This study is a literature review based on articles selected from PubMed, Dialnet, and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source databases. Only recent in vivo and in vitro studies published in English or Spanish were included.Studies suggest that high-risk HPV types, particularly HPV 16, are strongly associated with oropharyngeal carcinomas, while low-risk types are prevalent in benign lesions. Vaccination emerges as the primary preventive strategy.HPV vaccination is crucial in preventing HPV-related diseases, while early diagnosis and timely treatment, including surgery and laser therapy, are essential for managing oral lesions. Ongoing research is necessary to improve the understanding and treatment of HPV infections.
Gastroesophageal reflux and oral health implications: an in-depth narrative review
Authors: Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Giorgio Roberto Vito , Pennacchio Benito Francesco Pio , Sabatelli Francesco , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Qorri Erda , Oliveira Ferdandes Gustavo Vicentis , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Ferraro Giuseppe , Contaldo Maria , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Gastroesophageal reflux disease can lead to severe conditions like esophageal cancer and Barrett's esophagus and significantly impacts oral health. This review explores the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and oral health issues, particularly gingivitis, and discusses management strategies.
The pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux involves malfunctioning the esophageal sphincter, allowing stomach acid to damage the mucosa. Factors like diet, obesity, and lifestyle choices increase the risk of gastroesophageal reflux, which causes tooth erosion and leads to xerostomia, oral mucosal changes, halitosis, dysgeusia, and gingivitis.
Gingivitis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux is worsened by GA irritation, reduced salivary flow, and increased systemic inflammation. Diagnosis requires clinical examination and may involve gastroenterologists. Management includes lifestyle changes, medical interventions like proton pump inhibitors, and dental treatments such as fluoride applications, sealants, and restorations.
Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to establish causality between gastroesophageal reflux and oral diseases and explore new therapeutic approaches. Interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative treatment strategies are essential for holistic patient care and improved oral health outcomes in patients with gastroesophageal reflux.
The impact of modern lifestyles on cognitive development in growing individuals
Authors: Ferrante Laura , Memè Lucia , Di Noia Angela , Sabatelli Francesco , Bambini Fabrizio , Sampalmieri Francesco , Ferraro Giuseppe , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Qorri Erda , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Contaldo Maria , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Aim. This study explores the relationship between modern lifestyle factors, particularly oral breathing, and its impact on neurocognitive development in children and adolescents. The study seeks to understand how lifestyle modifications, including screen time management, physical activity, and proper respiratory health, can improve pediatric populations' cognitive and emotional well-being. Materials and Methods. A narrative review approach was employed to synthesize current evidence on the influence of modern lifestyles on oral breathing and its implications for neurocognitive development. Clinical studies and primary research articles published between 2004 and 2024 were systematically reviewed. Keywords used in three databases in the search included "oral breathing," "neurocognitive disorders," "digital technology," "sedentary behavior," "posture," and "pediatric cognitive development." Inclusion criteria included studies involving human subjects focusing on oral breathing, neurocognitive disorders, lifestyle, and sedentary behavior.
Exclusion criteria excluded studies conducted on animals, in vitro experiments, reviews, case reports, commentaries, and letters. Conclusions. The findings suggest that oral breathing is significantly linked to various neurodevelopmental challenges, including ADHD and ASD, exacerbated by poor oxygen exchange and disrupted sleep patterns. The increasing prevalence of sedentary behavior and screen time contributes to dysfunctional breathing patterns, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. These include promoting nasal breathing, encouraging physical activity, and improving postural habits to support holistic development. The study also identifies gaps in existing research and emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration for effective management and prevention. Technological advancements and sedentary lifestyles have introduced new challenges to childhood development, notably oral breathing, which impacts neurocognitive outcomes. By addressing these challenges through comprehensive interventions, including lifestyle adjustments and early detection of dysfunctional breathing patterns, children can achieve better cognitive and emotional health, ultimately fostering healthier development in an increasingly digital world.
Comparison of palatal expanders and their efficacy: a narrative review
Authors: Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Sampalmieri Francesco , Pezzolla Carlo , Trilli Irma , Sabatelli Francesco , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vincentis , Qorri Erda , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Transverse maxillary deficiency is among the most common skeletal irregularities encountered in orthodontics, affecting 8–22% of patients. This condition is characterized by a narrow maxilla, leading to functional and aesthetic challenges, including dental crowding, crossbites, and malocclusions such as Class II and III. Beyond these dental concerns, untreated cases can escalate into systemic issues like obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to mitigate these complications.
Maxillary development results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Influences such as oral habits, nasal breathing, and genetic predispositions can disrupt normal growth, leading to transverse deficiencies that may persist into adulthood as the palatal suture ossifies with age. Timely intervention during periods of high skeletal growth potential is therefore essential.
Maxillary expansion remains the standard treatment, aimed at widening the mid-palatal suture to enhance skeletal and dental alignment. Devices such as rapid maxillary expanders (RME), slow maxillary expanders (SME), and newer innovations like the Leaf Expander (LEX) and Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expanders (MARPE) offer various options tailored to patient age, skeletal maturity, and compliance. Recent advances, including skeletal anchorage systems and minimally invasive techniques, promise improved outcomes with fewer side effects, paving the way for more effective, patient-centered orthodontic care.
Dental distalization techniques with clear aligners: a narrative review
Authors: Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Del Vecchio Gaetano , Sampalmieri Francesco , Del Vecchio Micaela , Sabatelli Francesco , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Qorri Erda , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Clear aligners (CAs) have revolutionized orthodontic care, offering aesthetically pleasing, comfortable, and practical solutions for correcting malocclusions. Among their various applications, dental distalization, a crucial movement for treating Class II malocclusions and managing dental crowding, has become a focus of modern orthodontics. This review synthesizes evidence on the predictability of distalization using CAs, highlighting their benefits, challenges, and advancements. Research indicates that aligners achieve distal molar movement with an accuracy of approximately 70%, dependent on factors such as patient adherence, technological advancements, and auxiliary tools like temporary anchorage devices (TADs). Despite these advancements, challenges like insufficient control over transverse movements remain. Future innovations integrating artificial intelligence and enhanced digital planning tools offer promising prospects for improving outcomes and expanding the capabilities of aligner therapy.
Pharmacological approaches to sedation in pediatric dentistry: a narrative review
Authors: Ferrante Laura , Trilli Irma , Di Noia Angela , Sabatelli Francesco , Memè Lucia , Bambini Fabrizio , Sampalmieri Francesco , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Qorri Erda , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Almasri Maher , Palermo Andrea
Published: February 2025

Aim. This study evaluates conscious sedation techniques to address dental anxiety in pediatric patients, focusing on the efficacy, safety, and long-term benefits of various sedation approaches. Materials and Methods. Following the PICO framework, clinical studies and case reports were reviewed to assess sedation strategies for uncooperative children. The analysis included various agents and delivery methods, comparing their effects on sedation outcomes, safety profiles, and patient acceptance. Articles were screened by title and abstract, and full texts were reviewed to resolve reviewer discrepancies. Conclusion.Conscious sedation effectively manages pediatric dental anxiety, combining immediate relief with long-term behavioral benefits. Tailored strategies considering age, behavior, and clinical requirements and rigorous adherence to safety protocols are essential. Drug delivery and monitoring advances promise further improvements, enabling dental professionals to provide safer, more positive experiences for young patients and their families.
Exploring the relationship between tinnitus and somatosensory disorders
Authors: Palermo Andrea , Cazzato Gerardo , Sardano Roberta , Ferrante Laura , Sabatelli Francesco , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Shaaban Ahmed Abdelwahed , Xhajanka Edit , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Amer Islam , Almasri Maher , Sampalmieri Francesco , Bambini Fabrizio , Memè Lucia
Published: February 2025

Aim. This review aims to investigate the bidirectional relationship between subjective tinnitus and somatosensory disorders, focusing on temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and cervical spine dysfunctions (CSD). It seeks to identify underlying mechanisms, evaluate therapeutic interventions, and propose directions for future research. Materials and Methods. The systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies using the keywords "TINNITUS" and "TMJ." Publications between October 2014 and October 2024 were considered. Eligible studies included human participants, open-access articles in English, and adult populations. Exclusion criteria encompassed case reports, animal or in vitro studies, pediatric research, and unrelated reviews. The screening process involved duplicate removal, title and abstract evaluation, and full-text analysis, culminating in the selection of 26 articles for qualitative synthesis. Discrepancies during selection were resolved by reviewer consensus. Conclusions. This review highlights the interconnectedness of tinnitus with TMD and CSD, emphasizing the role of somatosensory-auditory pathways. While therapeutic approaches, such as manual therapy and mandibular exercises, demonstrate potential in mitigating tinnitus symptoms, significant variability in patient outcomes underscores the need for personalized treatment. Methodological issues, including small sample sizes, heterogeneity in diagnostic protocols, and cross-sectional designs, limit the generalizability of findings. Moving forward, large-scale, longitudinal studies with multidisciplinary collaboration are essential to refine diagnostic criteria, elucidate causal mechanisms, and enhance treatment efficacy for individuals with tinnitus and associated somatosensory disorders.
Clinical, surgical management, and orthodontics's function in odontoma treatment
Authors: Palermo Andrea , Ciccarese Danilo , Trilli Irma , Cazzato Gerardo , Sabatelli Francesco , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Shaaban Ahmed Abdelwahed , Xhajanka Edit , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Amer Islam , Almasri Maher , Sampalmieri Francesco , Bambini Fabrizio , Memè Lucia
Published: February 2025

Odontomas are the most prevalent benign odontogenic tumors, and they are frequently discovered by chance during standard radiography exams. They are categorized into complicated and compound types according to their radiological and histological features. Even though they are often asymptomatic, odontomas can result in serious dental issues such as impaction, misalignment, and delayed tooth eruption, which calls for prompt surgical treatment. An extensive assessment of the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and different therapeutic modalities, such as orthodontic and surgical interventions, is given in this article. The best possible patient results are ensured by paying particular attention to post-operative orthodontic issues, less invasive surgical methods, and contemporary developments in diagnostic imaging.
Transverse skeletal deficiencies in orthodontics: etiology, consequences and treatment approaches
Authors: Palermo Andrea , Ferrante Laura , Cazzato Gerardo , Sabatelli Francesco , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Shaaban Ahmed Abdelwahed , Xhajanka Edit , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Amer Islam , Almasri Maher , Sampalmieri Francesco , Bambini Fabrizio , Memè Lucia
Published: February 2025

Aim: This paper explores the etiology, consequences, and treatment strategies for transverse skeletal deficiencies in orthodontics, focusing on treatment duration and growth prediction models. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review encompassed embryological development, environmental factors, clinical presentations, and treatment strategies for transverse skeletal deficiencies. Studies on craniofacial growth, orthodontic interventions, surgical approaches, and Elastodontic therapy were analyzed. Results: Transverse skeletal deficiencies arise from genetic, intrauterine, and postnatal factors such as pacifier use, thumb-sucking, mouth breathing, and insufficient maxillary expansion during childhood. These deficiencies commonly lead to dental malocclusions, posterior crossbites, and airway issues, including sleep-disordered breathing. Traditional treatments like rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and surgical-assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) are effective for younger and older patients. In addition, Elastodontic therapy, which utilizes elastic-based appliances to improve the alignment and function of the maxilla, offers a non-invasive, patient-friendly alternative for managing transverse deficiencies. This approach benefits cases requiring slower, more gradual expansion, providing better long-term stability than other methods. Treatment duration typically ranges from three to six months for younger patients, with more extended retention periods in older patients to prevent relapse. Conclusions: Transverse skeletal deficiencies are influenced by genetic, intrauterine, and environmental factors, leading to functional and aesthetic concerns, such as malocclusions and compromised airway function. Early intervention, including methods like orthopedic expansion and Elastodontic therapy, offers promising results, while surgical approaches are necessary for more severe cases. Understanding the developmental trajectory of these deficiencies is essential for tailoring treatment plans and ensuring both functional and aesthetic improvements. Future research should refine growth prediction models and evaluate the long-term effectiveness and stability of Elastodontic therapy in managing transverse skeletal deficiencies.
Comparative effectiveness of orthopedic devices for treating skeletal Class III malocclusion in growing patients
Authors: Palermo Andrea , Cazzato Gerardo , Di Noia Angela , Ferrante Laura , Trilli Irma , Sabatelli Francesco , Bordea Ioana Roxana , Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Shaaban Ahmed Abdelwahed , Xhajanka Edit , Almasri Lwai , Alkassab Marwa , Amer Islam , Almasri Maher , Sampalmieri Francesco , Bambini Fabrizio , Memè Lucia
Published: February 2025

Aim: Skeletal Class III malocclusion (Cl III) presents a significant orthodontic challenge, particularly in growing patients requiring interceptive treatment to achieve effective functional and aesthetic correction. This review compares various orthopedic devices and therapeutic protocols used in Cl III correction, identifying the most effective options in an interceptive context.Materials and methods: We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies published in English, human studies, open-access studies, and studies addressing Cl III correction with interceptive orthopedic devices. Results: Exclusions included in vitro animal studies, off-topic studies, reviews, meta-analyses, and articles in languages other than English. Conclusions: Orthopedic devices can rapidly improve Cl III malocclusion in growing patients, although each device has specific effects on the surrounding skeletal structure.
Methanol Operation in Heavy-Duty DICI Dual-Fuel Engines: Investigating Charge Cooling Effects Using ECN Spray D Data
Authors: Zoumpourlos Konstantinos , Geertsma Rinze , Van De Ketterij Robert , Coraddu Andrea
Published: February 2025

Methanol is a promising alternative fuel, which can assist in reducing emissions in heavy-duty dual-fuel (DF) compression ignition (CI) engines. In medium and large bore marine engines, DF operation is achieved through either direct injection (DI) or port fuel injection (PFI) of methanol with diesel acting as a DI pilot fuel for ignition. However, the injection of methanol presents a significant challenge due to its high latent heat of vaporization and decreased lower heating value (LHV) compared to diesel. Therefore, for the same energy content operation, methanol requires around eight times the amount of heat to evaporate completely in comparison to diesel, which results in lower in-cylinder temperatures. This charge cooling effect leads to a strong negative temperature gradient influencing ignition and flame propagation. This paper aims to quantify the cooling effect of methanol in a heavy-duty dual-fuel DICI engine environment. The presented methodology uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to model methanol sprays with validation originating from the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) Spray D experimental data. The CFD models operate within the Lagrangian-Eulerian framework in CONVERGE-CFD using the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes turbulence modelling. Compared to diesel, injecting methanol with the same energy content exhibited up to 100 K more decreased temperature within the mixture. Consequently, this cooled mixture may pose challenges to combustion stability due to the intense temperature gradients. Nonetheless, lower mixture temperature decreases NOx emissions, which can prove beneficial for high methanol energy fractions in dual-fuel DICI engines.
Primary degradation assessment of 12Cr1MoVG steel by flat indentation and electron backscattered diffraction methods
Authors: Xu B , Zx Shen , Zhou Juan , Qian Sj , Cao Gm , Hu Chen , Lixun Cai
Published: February 2025

Most of the allowable design strain in high-temperature component occurs in the primary creep stage, so the accumulation of creep strain in this stage must be considered. Performance degradation of 12Cr1MoVG steel during interrupted creep test at 580°C and 110 MPa was assessed by the flat micro-indentation method, whereas the creep deformation and microstructural evolution due to primary creep were also evaluated by combination of scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction. The energy density equivalent model established for flat indentation was introduced to evaluate the macro-mechanical properties of the 12Cr1MoVG at different creep times, the overall strain hardening behavior of has been attributed to microstructural degradation associated with precipitates, dislocation substructure and cavities nucleation. Based on the Larson-Miller parameter, an unusual softening behavior was also found during creep, significantly counteracting the strengthening and work hardening of the steel. Through examining the low-angle grain boundaries and dislocation density distributions, the sudden reduction in creep strength is the result of the dynamic recovery of substructure, which is linked to the rearrangement of dislocation structure into cells by glide and climb processes. It suggested that the flat indentation method is advantageous for micro-destructive assessment of early degradation of 12Cr1MoVG steel during the primary stage.
Recent developments in
Aspergillus fumigatus
research: diversity, drugs, and disease
Authors: Kordana Nicole , Johnson Angus , Quinn Katherine , Obar Joshua J. , Cramer Robert A.
Published: February 2025

Advances in modern medical therapies for many previously intractable human diseases have improved patient outcomes. However, successful disease treatment outcomes are often prevented due to invasive fungal infections caused by the environmental mold
Aspergillus fumigatus
. As contemporary antifungal therapies have not experienced the same robust advances as other medical therapies, defining mechanisms of
A. fumigatus
disease initiation and progression remains a critical research priority. To this end, the World Health Organization recently identified
A. fumigatus
as a research priority human fungal pathogen and the Centers for Disease Control has highlighted the emergence of triazole-resistant
A. fumigatus
isolates. The expansion in the diversity of host populations susceptible to aspergillosis and the complex and dynamic
A. fumigatus
genotypic and phenotypic diversity call for a reinvigorated assessment of aspergillosis pathobiological and drug-susceptibility mechanisms. Here, we summarize recent advancements in the field and discuss challenges in our understanding of
A. fumigatus
heterogeneity and its pathogenesis in diverse host populations.
Elliptic Boundary Layer in Shells of Revolution under Surface Shock Loading of Normal Type
Authors: Kirillova I. V.
Published: February 2025

In the present article, a method for solving a boundary value problem for an elliptical boundary layer occurring in thin-walled shells of revolution under normal-type impacts on the front surfaces is constructed. The elliptical boundary layer is constructed in the vicinity of a conditional front of Rayleigh surface waves and is described by elliptic equations with boundary conditions specified by hyperbolic equations. In the general case of shells of revolution, the methods for solving equations for an elliptical boundary layer developed for shells of revolution of zero Gaussian curvature cannot be used. The previously considered scheme for using the integral Laplace and Fourier transforms ceases to work since the resolving equations become equations with variable coefficients. The method for solving the equations of an elliptical boundary layer proposed in this paper is based on the use of an asymptotic representation of the images of the Laplace solution (in time) in exponential form. The paper presents a numerical calculation of the normal stress based on the obtained analytical solutions for the case of a spherical shell.
Probabilistic Degenerate Laguerre Polynomials with Random Variables
Authors: Luo L. , Ma Y. , Kim T. , Liu W.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we define the probabilistic degenerate Laguerre polynomials associated with random variables and the probabilistic degenerate generalized Laguerre polynomials associated with random variables. We investigate some expressions, recurrence relations, and properties associated with the probabilistic degenerate Laguerre polynomials, the probabilistic degenerate generalized Laguerre polynomials, the probabilistic Lah numbers, and the partial Bell polynomials.

DOI 10.1134/S1061920824040095