CHANGES IN THE OPTICAL DENSITY OF BONE TISSUE IN DENTAL IMPLANT PLACEMENT
Authors: Niezhentsev Ye. Yu. , Chertov S. O. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The success of dental implant placement depends primarily on the initial stability of the implant and the bone density, which allows achieving the necessary osseointegration for effective treatment. Optimal stability of dental implants depends on the quality and quantity of bone tissue, therefore bone density plays a key role in determining the prognosis of dental implantation, since the survival of implants is strongly correlated with the amount of bone tissue, and bone density is a crucial parameter for assessing the amount of bone tissue. Therefore, lower levels of cancellous bone density and less bone tissue are more likely to lead to dental implant loss.
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using a soft tissue cuff reinforced with bone grafting material (BGM) by the follow-up changes in the optical density of bone tissue on the implant side after one-stage dental implant placement.
Materials and methods. At the start of the study, two patient groups were formed: the main group, comprising 25 individuals who received BGM (bone grafting material), and the control group, consisting of 26 individuals who did not receive BGM. Optical bone density was assessed prior to implantation, at 3 months, and one year post-implantation using cone beam computed tomography, evaluated according to the C. E. Misch and L. T. Kircos classification. The obtained results were processed using the “Statistica 13” software (Copyright 1984–2018 TIBCO Software Inc. All rights reserved. License No. JPZ8041382130ARCN10-J).
Results. The optical density of bone tissue in the area of one-stage dental implantation significantly decreased from the central teeth to the posterior region. In both groups before implantation, it was significantly highest relative to all teeth in the area of central incisors, and significantly lowest relative to almost all teeth in the area of the second premolar and first molar. In the main group had been used, the optical density of bone tissue in the area of one-stage dental implantation in the upper jaw was significantly higher than in the lower jaw. In the control group had been used, no significant difference between the indicators of optical density of bone tissue depending on the jaw was found.
In the main group in dental implantation provided a significant increase in the optical density of bone tissue in 3 months by 118.7 HU, and in a year by 175.6 HU; a significant increase in the optical density of bone tissue in a year in the LI area by 233 HU, 2PM area by 503.2 HU and 1M area by 244 HU (in the control group, a significant increase in the optical density of bone tissue was not achieved both in 3 months and a year after implantation) a year after implantation. There was a significant increase in the percentage of D1 and D2 bone types (42.9 % and 45.7 %, respectively), which is significantly higher than D3 type (11.4 %; χ2 = 10.08; p < 0.002 and χ2 = 8.74; p < 0.004, respectively), which indicated successful osseointegration of implants into bone tissue.
Conclusions. Adequate optical bone density and the formation of D1/D2 bone tissue types, achieved through the development of a soft tissue cuff reinforced with bone graft material, contribute to improving the efficiency of dental implantation.