bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zur Beitragssatzentwicklung in der Sozialen Pflegeversicherung – Wie wirkt ein Einfriermodell mit degressiver Leistungsdynamisierung?
Authors: Bahnsen Lewe , Wild Frank
Published: August 2023

An increasing contribution rate in social long-term care insurance is likely to be unavoidable in the future. To achieve the possibility of contribution rate stability, we consider the idea of a freezing model with partial degressive benefit dynamization. Using a projection model to calculate the potential future development of the contribution rate, we analyze the dampening effects of this proposal. In terms of contribution rate stability and sustainable financing in social long-term care insurance, the considered approach is able to make a significant contribution. Conclusively, it represents a compromise between subsidiarity and solidarity by transferring more responsibility to younger generations and continuing to guarantee social support to older generations.
Blankets, Rosaries, and Cajun French
Authors: Valentine Riley Clare
Published: August 2023

Far-right online communities are the subject of much research. However, the impacts of this research on the researcher themselves have gone under-analyzed. I examine how my own research of the far-right affects both my physical body and mental health. I interrogate what it means when understandings of space change due to embedding oneself in online communities. This article argues that the process of purposeful and intentional breaking down of boundaries is a process of reshaping the space in which I exist.
A Woman’s Journey of Decolonization and Indigenous Amazigh Identity
Authors: Mnouer Mounia
Published: August 2023

This article is a reflection on my journey as an Indigenous Amazigh woman. I employ autoethnographic stories to make meaning of my narrative. The stories I tell of my ethnic identity will hopefully contribute to a discussion about decolonization and Indigeneity, whereby I mean to regain my Indigenous self and make meaning of my own experiences and history as an Amazigh person, which requires that I engage in memory work to claim my Indigenous voice as an Amazigh. In adopting this framework, I center my Indigenous self. Indigenous Amazigh autoethnography can allow diverse Amazigh communities to engage in making meaning of their own experiences. The stories we tell are a source of agency and community, and engaging in this type of inquiry will set a stage for Amazigh people to gain their own agency and accountability for the stories they tell about themselves and in relation to their Amazigh communities.
Prayers for The Poet
Authors: Gouzouasis Peter , Lee Karen V.
Published: August 2023

The authors engage in an evocative autoethnography1 as they live through the different ways they both grieve and mourn the death of a well-loved friend, colleague, and professor. They share how they navigate the grieving process of death and dying through their cultural traditions.2 Sharing personal stories can be therapeutic to make sense of ourselves and our experiences3 as writing the autoethnography “must always be interventionist, as it gives notice to those who may otherwise not be allowed to tell their story or who are denied a voice to speak.”4 In the end, the authors use autoethnography to live through the grief as it grounds them with a deeper and healthy understanding about the personal and cultural influences shaping bereavement5 as they cope with the death in their own cultural ways.
The end of victory: prevailing in the nuclear age
Authors: B Hoff Samuel
Published: August 2023

America’s use of atomic weapons against Japan in 1945 helped to facilitate a quick end to World War II. But the split between former allies the United States and the Soviet Union led to a Cold War which featured a relentless competition for military superiority. Although it took Russia four years to catch the U.S. in atomic weapons, the gap was shortened to two years when it came to nuclear. The dangerous military environment in the early 1950s required the U.S. to be able to predict the Soviet Union’s response in nuclear terms. This task largely fell to a secret group with the National Security Council referred to as the Net Evaluation Subcommittee (NESC). Over the dozen years of its existence from 1953 to 1965 which the present book traces, the NESC’s annual reports furnished American officials with invaluable information and contributed significantly to nuclear weapons strategy during parts of three presidential administrations.
Compliance With Central Line Maintenance Bundle and Infection Rates
Authors: Tripathi Sandeep , McGarvey Jeremy , Lee Kejin , Staubach Katherine , Gehring Emily , Sisson Patricia , McCaskey Marjorie , Mack Elizabeth , Hord Jeffrey , Pallotto Eugenia K. , Lyren Anne , Coffey Maitreya
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Reliable bundle performance is the mainstay of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) prevention despite an unclear relationship between bundle reliability and outcomes. Our primary objective was to evaluate the correlation between reported bundle compliance and CLABSI rate in the Solutions for Patient Safety network. The secondary objective was to identify which hospital and process factors impact this correlation.

METHODS

We examined data on bundle compliance and monthly CLABSI rates from January 11 to December 21 in 159 hospitals. The correlation (adjusting for temporal trend) between CLABSI rates and bundle compliance was done at the network level. Negative binomial regression was done to detect the impact of hospital type, central line audit rate, and adoption of a comprehensive safety culture program on the association between bundle compliance and CLABSI rates.

RESULTS

During the study, hospitals reported 27 196 CLABSI on 20 274 565 line days (1.34 CLABSI/1000 line days). Out of 2 460 133 observed bundle opportunities, 2 085 700 (84%) were compliant. There was a negative correlation between the monthly bundle reliability and monthly CLABSI rate (–0.35, P <.001). After adjusting for the temporal trend, the partial correlation was –0.25 (P = .004). On negative binomial regression, significant positive interaction was only noted for the hospital type, with Hospital Within Hospital (but not freestanding children’s hospitals) revealing a significant association between compliance ≥95% and lower CLABSI rates.

CONCLUSIONS

Adherence to best practice guidelines is associated with a reduction in CLABSI rate. Hospital-level factors (hospitals within hospitals vs freestanding), but not process-related (central line audit rate and safety culture training), impact this association.
Mathematical-Physical Description of the Oxygen-Inhibited Layer (OIL) in Nanofilled Dental Polymers
Authors: Ferreto-Gutiérrez Isabel , Hernández-Mata Alejandra
Published: August 2023

This research evaluates the presence of the oxygen-inhibited layer (OIL) on the top surface of a photopolymerized dental composite resin protected with a glycerin layer. This evaluation was conducted using physical and mathematical methods. Polymerized discs were fabricated to evaluate Vickers microhardness (VHN), and pre-and post-polymerized samples were used for the calculation of C-O/C-H ratios through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) (n=10), using two types of glycerin, one for medical use (MG) and another for dental use (DG). Surface hardness decreased from MG to DG to CO, and the increase in C-O/C-H ratios decreased in the same order (p<0.05). Samples protected with medical and dental glycerin layers are harder and exhibit lower C-O/C-H bond ratios than the control group.
PENGARUH CORPORATE IMAGE DAN PERCEIVED VALUE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MUZAKKI MEMBAYAR ZAKAT DI LAZ LMI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Zulfikri Zulfikri , Sumantri Rinol
Published: August 2023

This research has a goal, namely to determine the effect of corporate image, perceived value on muzakki's decisions in distributing zakat at LAZ LMI Suamtera Selatan with an associative approach with quantitative research and the data used is in the form of primary and secondary resulting from questions answered by respondents then processed and analyzed by multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that corporate image and perceived value have a considerable and significant influence on the muzakki's decision to distribute zakat at LAZ LMI, namely 67.7%, and the remaining 32.3% is influenced by other factors not explained in this study. This means that if there is an increase in corporate image and perceived value, it will increase the muzakki's decision to pay zakat, and vice versa if there is a decrease in corporate image and perceived value, it will reduce the muzakki's decision to pay zakat. For future researchers, it is hoped that this can be used as a reference to be able to continue and build on variables that are able to condition the state of the population and with mature techniques.
Perpetual cancellable American options with convertible features
Authors: Zaevski Tsvetelin
Published: August 2023

The major characteristic of the cancellable American options is the existing writer’s right to cancel the contract prematurely paying some penalty amount. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce and examine a new subclass of such options for which the penalty which the writer owes for this right consists of three parts – a fixed amount, shares of the underlying asset, and a proportion of the usual option payment. We examine the asymptotic case in which the maturity is set to be infinity. We determine the optimal exercise regions for the option’s holder and writer and derive the fair option price.
Romero Recio, Mirella, Salas Álvarez, Jesús y Buitrago, Laura (2023), Pompeya y Herculano entre dos mundos. La recepción de un mito en España y América. L'Erma di Bretschneider, Roma, 367 páginas, ISBN: 978-88-9132-820-5.
Authors: Larequi-Fontaneda Javier
Published: August 2023

Book Review
Performance evaluation of LU matrix decomposition using the SYCL standard
Authors: Nasikan Dmytro , Yaremenko Vadym
Published: August 2023

The object of this study is the performance of the SYCL standard tools when solving the LU matrix decomposition problem. SYCL is a fairly new technology for parallel computing in heterogeneous systems, so the topic of evaluating the performance of the standard on specific tasks in the field of parallel computing is relevant. In the study, the algorithm of parallelized LU decomposition of a square matrix was implemented by means of the SYCL standard and standard C++, and an experiment was conducted to test the implementation in a heterogeneous system with several types of processors. During testing, the program received square matrices of various dimensions as input, and the output was the execution time of the LU schedule on the selected processor. The obtained results, presented in the form of tabular and graphic data, show the advantage of the implementation of the SYCL standard over ordinary C++ by more than 2 times when using a graphics processor. It was experimentally shown that the implementation on SYCL is almost not inferior in speed to the implementation on ordinary C++ when executed on a central processor. Such results are caused both by the high possibility of parallelizing the LU schedule algorithm itself, and by the great work of the developers of the standard on its optimization.
The obtained results indicate the possibility of speeding up the solution of the LU decomposition of the matrix and similar algorithms by means of SYCL when using heterogeneous systems with processors optimized for data parallelism. The results of the study can be used in justifying the choice of technology for solving LU matrix decomposition problems or problems with a similar parallelization scheme.
Quaternary stratigraphy of southern Vietnam continental margin
Authors: Nhu Trung Nguyen , Viet Dung Bui , Van Nam Bui , Nguyen Ha Vu Pham , Van Kieu Nguyen
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the stratigraphic architectures of the South Vietnam continental margin (SVCM) from the Pliocene to the recent period. We have utilized high-resolution seismic data and sediment core data to achieve this. The study reveals that the Quaternary sequences on the continental margin are bounded by composite erosional surfaces, which were formed due to sub-aerial erosion during periods of sea level fall and subsequent reworking processes during sea level rise. The Quaternary sequence can be divided into two subsequences: the Early Pleistocene and the Middle Pleistocene-Holocene. The Middle Pleistocene-Holocene sequences can be subdivided into six fourth-order sequences, each lasting approximately 100 to 120 thousand years. These sequences are well-preserved on the outer shelf at a modern water depth of around 100 to 120 meters. Seismic stacking patterns indicate that regressive deposits predominantly dominate the Quaternary stratigraphy of the SVCM. This means that sediment deposition during the Quaternary period was more pronounced during periods of sea-level fall. The outer shelf margin of the modern continental margin shows a south-to-southeastward migration of prograding clinoforms, indicating sediment progradation in these directions. The thick Quaternary regressive deposits preserved on the outer shelf are attributed to various factors. These factors include the low shelf gradient, tectonic subsidence, regional hinterland uplift, monsoon strengthening, and high sediment supply from the Palaeo-Mekong Delta during sea-level fall. The interaction of these factors facilitated the accumulation of thick sedimentary deposits during falling sea levels. The mid-late Pleistocene stratigraphy of the SVCM shows similarities to many other continental margins worldwide. These margins are mainly shaped under the influence of asymmetric 4th-order Milankovitch cycles. These cycles are driven by variations in Earth's orbital parameters and are characterized by longer phases of relative sea-level fall followed by shorter periods of stabilization and rise.
Luffa acutangula : An Overview
Authors: Ganjeer Prerna , Patel Yashwant Kumar
Published: August 2023

The fruits of Luffa acutangula (ridge gourd) which belonging to family Cucurbitaceae are grown, harvested before maturity and is very popular in Asia. Ridge gourd as whole, seeds and dried crusts are all used for medicinal purposes. It is a healthy food and contains good amount of fiber, vitamins and minerals including Vitamin B2, Vitamin C, carotene, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, iron and small quantities of iodine and fluorine. It is reported to contain many phytochemicals such as flavonoids, saponins, luffangulin, sapogenin, oleanolic acid and cucurbitacin B. Ridge gourd peel, powder and its extracts showed slightly higher antioxygenic activity as compare to ridge gourd pulp powder and its extracts. This may be attributed to the presence of higher amounts of phenolics and flavonoids which have been reported as potential antioxidants. Ridge gourd and there peel have potential to act as a functional food and a source of useful drugs because of the presence of various phytochemical components. L. acutangula has been used extensively in Indian traditional system of medicines as diuretic, expectorant, laxative, purgative, hypoglycemic agent and bitter headache agent and bitter tonic. The present review work focused on its botanical characters, ethnobotanical uses, nutritional value, phytochemical constituents and medicinal properties of L. acutangula.
Crack e internação compulsória no Brasil: intervenção do estado na autonomia dos usuários
Authors: Ferraz Carla Eloá de Oliveira , Meira Saulo Sacramento , Anjos Karla Ferraz dos , Sena Edite Lago da Silva , Vilela Alba Benemérita Alves , Yarid Sérgio Donha
Published: August 2023

RESUMO Uma reflexão a respeito da internação compulsória de usuários adultos de crack, à luz da abordagem da bioética da proteção revela que a política de atenção aos usuários de crack deve ter como escopo as políticas sociais, ao invés da centralidade dos recursos médicos, uma vez que grande parte das questões associadas ao consumo não se encontra nesse âmbito, mas entrelaçadas às questões sociais, educacionais e jurídicas. Desta maneira, acionar políticas emergenciais pautadas na internação involuntária provoca a retomada de modelos de intervenção amplamente criticados por profissionais da área da saúde, por pesquisadores da área de ciências humanas e sociais, perpetuando um retrocesso.
Percepção dos usuários de crack e seus familiares quanto ao acesso e serviços oferecidos em hospitais gerais
Authors: Anzanello Jactiane , Dias Miriam Thais Guterres , Dalmolin Bernadete , Monteiro Jaqueline da Rosa , Oliveira Neto Antonio Bolis
Published: August 2023

RESUMO Artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa com usuários de crack e seus familiares quanto a percepção sobre acesso e avaliação da qualidade dos serviços oferecidos em internação em hospital geral. Pesquisa realizada em onze hospitais conveniados com o SUS de municípios da região Macro Metropolitana do Rio Grande do Sul. Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, com a coleta dos dados através de entrevistas estruturadas com usuários e familiares. Os dados analisados através de estatística descritiva. Os resultados mostram satisfação de usuários e familiares sobre o acesso e serviços prestados na internação. Avaliação esta importante para subsidiar e direcionar as políticas públicas em desenvolvimento nos hospitais gerais, com o intuito de permanente qualificação da atenção aos usuários de crack.
Valorization of lychee fruit peels waste for the sustainable production of value-added ingredient
Authors: Vinha Ana Ferreira da , Sousa Carla
Published: August 2023

Abstract Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is an exotic fruit from Asia, recently introduced in Europe. With the increase in the world production of this fruit, many by-products are wasted during industrial processing, including their peels and seeds. Considering the utilization of fruit peels as edible material as a new functional ingredient, this work aimed to assess the nutritional and phytochemical characterization, as well as the antioxidant activity of two lychee peel extracts (alcoholic and hydroalcoholic). Also, it was evaluated the scavenging capacity against reactive species (O2•-, H2O2, NO•) of the two extracts. The peels, at a nutritional level, showed high levels of carbohydrates and total energy (76.8 ± 1.0 g/100 g and 331.4 kcal/100 g, respectively) and low protein and lipid content. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were higher in alcoholic extraction (1578 mg GAE/g and 55.1 mg CE/g, respectively). The antioxidant activity evaluated in vitro by DPPH and FRAP assays was also higher in the ethanolic extract, verifying a positive correlation with the extractive yield of the bioactive compounds. In general, the ethanolic extracts of lychee peels showed higher antioxidant capacity and the maximum scavenging activity against reactive oxygen (O2-•) and nitrogen species (NO•). The hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity observed in ethanolic extract (64 µg/mL) was like the values obtained in the positive controls (quercetin and ascorbic acid, 62 µg/mL, and 46 µg/mL, respectively). These preliminary results suggest this undervalued ingredient is a promising source of bioactive compounds with high biological potential for the development of new products as functional ingredient, always focusing on sustainability.
Biochemical characterization of individual and combined plant growth-promoting microorganisms
Authors: Nascente Adriano Stephan , Ishola Zainab Temitope , Filippi Marta Cristina Corsi de , Silva Mariana Aguiar , Cruz Dennis Ricardo Cabral , Bezerra Gustavo de Andrade
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT The increasing demand for using microorganisms in agriculture to improve food production requires constantly assessing microbial diversity. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical properties of individual and combined multifunctional microorganisms, as well as to identify potential applications in biotechnology or agriculture. The experiment comprised 29 treatments, with 7 single and 21 combined microorganisms: M01 (Serratia marcescens), M02 (Bacillus toyonensis), M03 (Phanerochaete australis), M04 (Trichoderma koningiopsis), M05 (Azospirillum brasilense), M06 (Azospirillum sp.), M07 (Bacillus sp.), M08 to M28 (combination among these microorganisms) and M29 (control - no microorganisms). All the single and combined treatments assimilated nitrogen, produced siderophores and indoleacetic acid and solubilized phosphate. Only the treatments M04, M13 and M26 produced HCN. Additionally, all treatments, except for M03, produced biofilm. Only M03, M07, M09, M10, M12 and M13 solubilized potassium.
Statistical downscaling in the TRMM satellite rainfall estimates for the Goiás state and the Federal District, Brazil
Authors: Jardim Carlos Cesar Silva , Casaroli Derblai , Alves Júnior José , Evangelista Adão Wagner Pêgo , Battisti Rafael
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT Rainfall is a fundamental component of agricultural production, and knowing its potential and variability can ensure the success of this activity. However, the number of meteorological stations is still small, even in states with agricultural aptitude, such as Goiás. Geoprocessing techniques can be used to overcome this problem. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the products of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite to describe the annual and monthly rainfall variability in the Goiás state and the Federal District (Brazil). Interpolations were carried out to increase the spatial resolution by means of ordinary kriging and cluster analysis for spatial and temporal distribution. It was observed that the evaluated territory can be classified into three regions with differentiated water regimes up to 500 mm annually, with seasonality of accumulated precipitation from November to March. Even though the regression evaluation showed limitations for a monthly precipitation above 200 mm, the analysis of the TRMM satellite products demonstrated that this tool allows forecasts of provisional normals with a higher spatial resolution than the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) stations network, with known measurement errors for each evaluation period, allowing the data application in forecast models for agricultural planning involving water management.
Retención escolar en el discurso gubernamental chileno: Análisis documental a 20 años de la Ley de Gratuidad y Obligatoriedad de la Enseñanza Media
Authors: Lira Michelle Mendoza , Jorquera Solange Muñoz , Acevedo Emilio Ballesta , Apablaza Carmen Gloria Covarrubias
Published: August 2023

Resumen La retención escolar ha cobrado relevancia en el discurso gubernamental chileno, especialmente desde la promulgación, hace casi 20 años, de la Ley de Gratuidad y Obligatoriedad de la Enseñanza Media, enfocada en garantizar las trayectorias educativas de toda la población. Considerando esto, y que las cifras de deserción siguen presentes en el país, cabe analizar cómo se conceptualiza la retención escolar según el Gobierno Central. En consecuencia, el presente estudio busca dar respuesta a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cuáles son las conceptualizaciones de retención escolar que se manejan en los documentos gubernamentales? Para ello, desde un enfoque cualitativo, se realizó una revisión documental de todos los archivos emitidos desde la promulgación de la Ley, utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido categorial temático. Se encontraron definiciones directas y explícitas de la retención como capacidad sistémica e institucional, así como indirectas, asociadas a términos como asistencia y trayectoria educativa exitosa. Los hallazgos revelan la importancia de la retención en los documentos oficiales, entendida como un fenómeno complejo y multicausal que requiere de acciones concretas para su efectividad.
ENTRE NOVELO E MEMÓRIAS: FORMAÇÃO INICIAL E EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Gonçalves Adriana do Carmo Corrêa
Published: August 2023

Adotamos, como referenciais teórico-metodológicos a legislação vigente para a educação infantil e trabalhos de autores que tratam dessa temática. Enfatizamos a criança em duas condições: legal, concepção de cidadã, sujeito de direitos anunciada nos documentos, e a criança encarnada, ou seja, aquela que se constitui através da interação com as dimensões da materialidade histórica, social, cultural e espacial. Defendemos que pensar as crianças por essas dimensões é importante para a formação inicial do professor, por isso, assumimos como objetivo compreender a partir de suas lembranças, como os estudantes do curso de Pedagogia de uma universidade federal  pensam a concepção de infância. Seguiu-se pelo percurso metodológico da pesquisa exploratória, adotando como técnica a análise de conteúdo. Os dados foram gerados por questionários aplicados aos estudantes que cursaram a disciplina em momento posterior e que, durante a coleta de dados, estavam na condição de formandos no segundo semestre de 2018. Ao final, foi possível concluir que, entre os estudantes participantes, o entendimento da infância como categoria atravessada pelas condições sociais, políticas e econômicas era uma unanimidade. E entender que as crianças se constituem de forma histórica e cultural é de suma importância para a prática pedagógica na educação infantil.
O FILOSOFAR COMO INFÂNCIA DO CINEMA (DOCUMENTÁRIO) NA ESCOLA
Authors: Pereira Gerardo , Kohan Walter
Published: August 2023

Este artigo busca aprofundar estudos teóricos e inspirar experiências práticas de formação para os campos da filosofia e do cinema (praticado em escolas). Nele, problematizamos o predomínio do chamado paradigma da aprendizagem. A ideia de infância, sob o ponto de vista do pensamento filosófico aqui estudado, não diz respeito a um período da vida humana, mas a uma dimensão de "temporalidade intensiva" (Aión). Trata-se da uma infância que pode ser experimentada tanto por crianças como por adultos. Assim, sugerimos, como hipótese, que, para fazer cinema na escola, fora da lógica da aprendizagem, faz-se necessário recriar um tempo infantil que suspenda os dispositivos hegemônicos e convide estudantes a experimentarem esse tempo aiônico. Para isso, trabalhamos com noções elaboradas por Jean-François Lyotard (1993), quando propõe conceitos e lugares diferenciados para a infância; bem como com obras de Jan Masschelein e Maarten Simons (2014) e Jacques Rancière (2005), quando pensam a escola a partir de sua etimologia grega skholé, que significa "tempo livre". Ir ao encontro da infância do cinema (documentário) nas escolas significa encontrar-se com a infância do pensamento do cinema, uma força disruptiva, afirmativa que faz mundo na escola.
Gênero e mobilidade rural-urbana: desigualdades no acesso ao auxílio emergencial
Authors: Moraes Lorena Lima de , Sieber Shana Sampaio , Silva Bárbara Cristina Vieira da , Pontes Nicole Louise Macedo Teles de , Barros Tatiane Vieira , Barreto Rebeca Mascarenhas Fonseca
Published: August 2023

A pandemia de Covid-19 visibilizou ainda mais o cenário da desigualdade social brasileira, destacando o agravamento das situações de precariedade e vulnerabilidade em diferentes regiões e contextos. Este artigo coloca no centro as questões de gênero e as desigualdades socioespaciais vivenciadas por mulheres nordestinas de comunidades tradicionais e da agricultura familiar. A fim de conhecer as dificuldades no acesso ao auxílio emergencial, entrevistamos 74 mulheres que destacaram a mobilidade rural-urbana como entrave ao acesso às políticas sociais, além da exposição ao risco de contaminação pelo coronavírus. Concluímos que o descaso do governo federal com populações pobres, rurais, negras e, sobretudo, mulheres de cidades interioranas, configurou-se sob a égide de uma violência de Estado.
Gyógynövények a köztudatban a tudományos ismeretterjesztés, a szervezett termesztések és begyűjtések mentén
Authors: Vukov Anikó Veronika
Published: August 2023

This study presents the use and knowledge of medicinal herbs as a lay practice legitimized by academic disciplines (botany, pharmacology, medicine) in the period from the first half of the 19th century to 1990. Chronologically, this trend existed parallel to the "folk" and "alternative" medical systems, albeit in terms of its nature it followed a separate trend. The purpose of this study is to review the main determinants through their historical and thematic junctions and finally try to determine the nature of the spreading of herbal knowledge as well.
Szex és új kor. A prostitúció jövője, avagy a prostitúció vége?
Authors: Tamási Erzsébet
Published: August 2023

This study based on rigorous scientific research is an overview of the anticipated future of prostitution. It is concerning a number of sexually relevant and sensitive questions. Among them, together with physical, moral, and emotional ones, last but not least legal factors play a substantial role too. The study focused on the problem of how serious should be concerned sex robotisation and its potential consequences in prostitution through decreasing, disappearing or perhaps transformation. Researchers find it challenging to outline the future reglementation while raising the question: who should face punishment, and what needs to be regulated? They should be the sex robot consumer or operator, the producer or the designer? What ought to be the sanction, an outright prohibition or something else? The references of this study rely on sensitive researchers of contemporary changes in robotics, law, ethics, and social sciences.
A görcskezelés története
Authors: Zsigmond Réka Ildikó
Published: August 2023

This study presents the developing convulsive therapy. Initially, the early types of convulsive therapy were used in Ancient Rome prolonged to the 18th century. The first half of this study reviews specific methods of convulsive therapy in the 19th century. There are focused on the research and achievements of László Meduna, who developed convulsive therapy by using camphor and cardiazol. Finally, the role and impact of Meduna, then the latest achievements of Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini are presented.
Az értelmi fogyatékos emberről alkotott társadalmi-mentális kép változásainak bemutatása
Authors: Kussinszky Anikó
Published: August 2023

This study based on the author’s doctoral dissertation presents the domestic implementation of international expectations about the mandated psychiatric treatment. In order to assess the Hungarian practice related to international expectations, it seems essential to review how society perceived people with intellectual disabilities in specific historical ages and how their role was established in contemporary communities. This popular imaging was being changed temporally depending on the prevailing culture and had undoubtedly a significant impact on the legislation.
A személyre szabott medicina fejlődése, története
Authors: Román Ádám
Published: August 2023

Today, personalised medicine is gaining ground. This article attempts to present the history of the development of this system from its beginnings to the main technological milestones. However, the evolution of personalised medicine is still ongoing. Newer and newer research and technological developments are aiming to make healthcare increasingly personalised, which may in the future allow for even more effective treatment and prevention of diseases. Personalised medicine is one of the most promising areas in healthcare, but it faces many challenges in the 21st century.
A caries elméletek a 19. században
Authors: Forrai Judit
Published: August 2023

Caries is the most common pathological factor of dental diseases. Its definition was a serious problem for many millennia. In the 19th century, the research provided a paradigm shift of the decay theories by a number of variations as a real background of this condition. The spectrum was wide, with almost all the factors of multicausality. However, the outdated worm theory prevailing for thousands of years still held its shrinking positions in some theoretic definitions. Parallel, we can trace the influence of other new medical discoveries of the era e.g. Virchow's theory of cell pathology, or Pasteur's experiments on fermentation. They had a specific impact on the decay theories including also Koch's microbiological research and Billroth's discovery of Staphylococcus pyogenes. These influences changed fundamentally the scientific directives of caries theories.
Az MRI története, dinamikus szájüregi és maxillofaciális alkalmazása
Authors: Szilyné Dr. Kiss Adél Adél
Published: August 2023

The incredible evolution of medicine in the 20th century was made possible by the appearance and rapid innovation of diagnostic procedures. The discovery of the medical application of X-rays gave the opportunity to image the human body without disrupting tissue structure. The use of X-rays spread around the world at an incredible speed and almost all medical fields, including dentistry, began to use them. In the second half of the 20th century, exponential improvement of computing technology replace the summation scans with a new three-dimensional technique, Computer Tomography. Cone Bean CT scanners (CBCT), which use a non-traditional cone-shaped beam as a radiation source, have made three-dimensional imaging widely available in dentistry. However, the harmful side effects of X-rays soon came to the attention of the public, and further research led to the development of a previously unknown technique, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This device was the result of the collaborative work of many scientists, mainly physicists. From the experiment by Isiodor I. Rabi, who proved that the atomic spin of nuclei can be changed in a magnetic field, to the scientists involved in the development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, to the experiment of Paul C. Lautenburg, who was the first to create an image using this method. Raymond Damadien demonstrated that the NMR signal of tumour tissue differs from that of healthy tissue, thus providing the basis for the medical application of the method. Sir Peter Mansfield's new method greatly reduced the scanning time, allowing fast-moving organs such as the heart to be imaged. The measurement of contrast medium, and soon afterwards of blood oxygenation, made it possible to perform functional MRI examinations. The use of positron emission tomography combined with three-dimensional imaging techniques gives accurate diagnostic results, can be preferable in certain clinical situations and provides similar results at lower radiation levels. In terms of maxillofacial applications, CT and MRI scans are mainly used in cases of oral cavity tumour abnormalities. In dentistry, the imaging technique used in everyday practice is the CBCT, a non-traditional cone beam technique, which allows better quality images to be obtained in a shorter exposure time and using a lower dose of radiation.
History of halitosis
Authors: Spielman Andrew I. , Forrai Judith
Published: August 2023

Among the 660 tablets with cuneiform writing discovered by Henry Layard, a British archeologist at Nineveh, the capital of the Assyro-Babylonian empire, some contained medical recipes with curative incantations for diseases of the mouth, including halitosis. This is one chapter of the Encyclopedia of the History of Dentistry.
History of restorative dentistry
Authors: Spielman Andrew I. , Forrai Judit
Published: August 2023

The first evidence of tooth restoration is from 11,000 BCE, Upper Paleolithic. This is part of The Encyclopedia of History of Dentistry.
History of dental inlay
Authors: Spielman Andrew I. , Forrai Judith
Published: August 2023

An inlay is a special filling that fits exactly into the tooth cavity, a filling cast from precious metal-gold or porcelain. Inlays have a relatively short history. This is one chapter of the Encyclopedia of the History of Dentistry.
History of the mouthwash
Authors: Spielman Andrew I. , Forrai Judith
Published: August 2023

Cleaning one’s mouth either by mechanical or chemical means was advocated from ancient times. This is one chapter of the Encyclopedia of the History of Dentistry.
History of tooth transplantation
Authors: Forrai Judit , Spielman Andrew I.
Published: August 2023

A dental transplant happens when a tooth is transplanted from one individual to another. Several types of allotransplantation exist when a tooth is transplanted within the same species. This carries the danger of transmitting infections or triggering a histocompatibility reaction. Autogenous transplantation is when a tooth is moved from one place to another in the same individual. Reimplantation is when one's tooth is reinserted into the same place after extraction. Such procedures are no longer used today.
Pest könyves kultúrtörténeti kronológiája, 1748–1798. Áttekintés mindazon eseményekről, amelyek hatással lehettek Pest nyomdászatára és szakkönyv-kiadására
Authors: Gazda István
Published: August 2023

The first bookseller-publisher company was established in Pest 1748. The book publishing and printing industry were primarily influenced by the growing number of educational and cultural institutions. The book publishing activity was greatly influenced by censorship mandates. We summarize these in a chronological order concerning especially the publication of medical textbooks.
Commemoration of the UNESCO Bolyai Memorial Year
Authors: Oláh-Gál Róbert
Published: August 2023

As it was emphasized in the author’s several theses and books the Bolyai-Lobachevsky geometry proved not to be valid in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space. Lately, it was mentioned in some notes in Targu-Mures (Romania) that the Heureka program (Duna TV Budapest) reported about the worldwide first implementation of the Bolyai-Lobachevsky's geometry in architecture [4]. Without doubting the magnificence of the concerning buildings or the artistic or architectural value of some churches, these allegations must definitely be denied.
Az onkokardiológia kialakulása
Authors: Prohászka Bence , Gráf László , Pozsonyi Zoltán , Forrai Judit
Published: August 2023

In our days, the worldwide leading cause of mortality is cardiovascular, and the second place is held by cancer diseases. Actually, we achieved a significant breakthrough in cancer treatment through multi-disciplinary cooperation but parallel there were emerging cardiac side effects. Several hundred years earlier all cancer patients were considered uncurable, and they were labelled this way through many centuries. Some people are thinking the same way even in our days. The first therapeutic initiatives were surgical operations aiming to remove cancer tissues. These therapeutic approach flourished in the surgeons’ century by spreading of general anaesthesia. At the end of the 19th century, a new diagnostic and therapeutic approach used the X-ray technique which spread fast throughout the world. In the middle of the 20th century, scientist started to investigate the chemical weapons of warfare and discovered, that these lessened the progression of some cancer types. Thanks to these discoveries, there was introduced the first anti-cancer drug aminoptein that opened the era of chemotherapy. However, after a few years, it was realized that some patients treated by pharmaceuticals of the antraciklin groups developed heart failure. This phenomenon instigated more scientists to investigate heart-related side effects. Later, there were observed similar side effects as developing high blood pressure and ECG anomalies in patients treated with further chemicals such as HER-2 blocking herceptin and multi-kinase inhibitors. These researcher outcomes were more and more noticed in the practical cardiology in patients treated previously by chemotherapy. Finally, in 2016 the European Society of Cardiology issued the first guideline about the side effects of cancer chemotherapy patients, which started the era of on-cardiology. Since 2016, the once-cardiology become a new medical discipline that concerns the prevention of complications, and the recognition and treatment of heart-related side effects. In the same year was founded the Hungarian Onko-cardiology Society which is translating, spreading and exposing the actual guidelines and holds annual conferences for postgraduate training.
A reformáció és a magyar orvosi nyelv
Authors: Magyar László András
Published: August 2023

Being healthy was obviously important in Christianity. Medicine preserved its independence and place for practical reasons in the Christian world throughout the Medieval Ages. Albeit, the Church considered physical health only as a secondary value and preferred essentially mental health instead. In the 16th century, however, at the dawn of the Reformation, the introductions of health advisory and dietetics booklets concerned the preservation of health not only as a necessary precondition, but a value, and even a moral duty of believers. This view is clearly proven by early sources of Hungarian medical vocabulary.
Állati eredetű termékek fogyasztásának alakulása a kezdetektől napjainkig
Authors: Bartos Krisztina
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, we hear a lot about the availability of specific foods and their impact on the environment. There are significant differences in food distribution among regions of the World. The main reasons behind this are environmental conditions (climate, water sources), political factors and the transition of social and economic structures. Historically, it is obvious that food production followed closely the changing environment and society acknowledged it in the production and supply. Currently, society is experiencing a population explosion which the agricultural sector cannot adapt to in a sustainable way.
Jansenism between Theology and Politics. On Herder's interpretation of Jansenism
Authors: Kiss Endre
Published: August 2023

Jansenism was a special kind of political theology and a real chapter in the history of European civilization. Even in our days, it is not considered completely revealed. The term "political theology" is a special category since it is the final outcome of prolonged research and interpretation procedures. These outcomes are hardly useful as footnotes only behind the term itself. They are rather to be mentioned in further explanations. Nevertheless, any political theology is primarily theology. Its political dimensions are determined partly through the perceived and verified position in its real-time society, and partly by primary and complete interpretation through biblical exegesis and dogmata which were understood as political acts contemporarily (but perhaps also later). Luther's criticism of selling indulgences may have been a simple and striking example. The practice of selling indulgences was undoubtedly a theological problem, but there was inevitable (as it really happened) its political nature too. In the case of creating sometimes a typology of "political" theologies it would be certainly interesting to study its relevant types. Nevertheless, it is clear that there are generally existing types of politically converted theology which return in similar forms from time to time with their own historical depth. Therefore it is not necessary to generate it repeatedly as a new discovery while targeting a way of thinking of any specific era. Political theology, as it must always be emphasized, is primarily theology. However, its conversion to a political one may be caused (as it was mentioned above) by a huge number of factors, let alone real historical incidences by any fortune. Thus, it is obvious that the theological factor is predominant in any interpretation. This way, reconstruction of the same factor is a key to opening the gate to political interpretation. Anyway, this dominancy even by recognising its nature cannot disguise the political background. Regarding these, transparency and intellectual courage are necessary to any interpretation since political struggle fought out in the medium of theology may discover substantial secrets as well.
A mediterrán növényalkalmazás jelene és jövőbeli lehetőségei
Authors: Rigó Anna Csilla
Published: August 2023

In Hungary, the Mediterranean influence is more and more strongly featured typically by considerable climatic extremes between winter and summer. The Mediterranean vegetation has adapted to these changes and tolerates dry hot summers and mildly rainy winters. It will gain more and more space in the future both in public and private areas – mainly on the southern slopes of South Transdanubia and the Balaton Highlands, later maybe on the same southern slopes of Buda Mountains and the Velence Mountains, and afterwards in some areas of the Northern Middle Mountains. Thus it is useful to gain knowledge about the Mediterranean coastland’s vegetation and profit from it. Keeping in mind the economic water management, it is advisable to decide on drought and frost-tolerant species while planting them in a harmonic and decorative manner in orchards and lawn areas in the future. This is what the presented recommendations are for.
Grundlagen des Klimawandels mit einem Einblick in die Welt im Jahr 2100
Authors:   Villingen Institute of Public Health, Habermann-Horstmeier Lotte
Published: August 2023

Viele Jahre lang wurde weltweit heftig darüber diskutiert, ob es einen menschengemachten Klimawandel überhaupt gibt. Damit ging sehr viel Zeit verloren. Inzwischen sind die Zeichen des Klimawandels überall sichtbar. Im Folgenden sollen die wichtigsten Grundlagen zum Thema Klimawandel kurz zusammengefasst werden, um zu verstehen, warum es so wichtig ist, möglichst viele Menschen möglichst schnell davon zu überzeugen, dass sie an ihrem Arbeitsplatz und in ihrem privaten Umfeld mit dazu beitragen können, über Maßnahmen der Mitigation das Voranschreiten des Klimawandels zu verlangsamen und über Maßnahmen der Adaptation mögliche Folgeschäden des Klimawandels zu begrenzen. Ein zentrales Thema für Ärztinnen und Ärzte der Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin ist die Adaptation an gesundheitsbezogene Klimawandelfolgen, da sie als Sachverständige in ihrem Bereich mit dazu beitragen können, entsprechende Maßnahmen in ihrem Arbeitsfeld umzusetzen. Die Beiträge der vorliegenden Ausgabe mit dem Schwerpunkt „Klimawandel und Gesundheit“ sind als Ansatzpunkte hierfür gedacht.