bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Ramosetron and Palonosetron for Preventing Nausea and Vomiting after Spinal Surgery: Association With ABCB1 Polymorphisms
Authors: Song Jong Wook , Shim Jae-Kwang , Choi Seung Ho , Soh Sarah , Jang Jaewon , Kwak Young Lan
Published: August 2016

Background:

Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) polymorphisms may influence 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist efficacy by altering their efflux transportation. We evaluated the influence of ABCB1 polymorphisms on the efficacy of ramosetron compared with palonosetron in managing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients who received intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after spinal surgery.

Methods:

Patients were randomly allocated to receive 2 boluses (20 min before the end of surgery and 24 h after surgery) of either ramosetron 0.3 mg (n=150) or palonosetron 0.075 mg (n=146). The incidence and severity of PONV, fentanyl consumption, and pain intensity were serially assessed for postoperative 48 hours. ABCB1 3435C>T and 2677G>T/A polymorphisms were assessed.

Results:

The incidences of nausea were similar between the 2 groups in patients with the 3435TT (50% vs. 56%, ramosetron and palonosetron group, respectively, P>0.999) or 2677TT (50% vs. 56%, ramosetron and palonosetron group, respectively, P>0.999). Mild PONV were more frequent in the ramosetron group than in the palonosetron group among patients with 3435TT (91% vs. 33%, P=0.034) and 2677TT (92% vs. 20%, P=0.002) genotypes. The intensity of nausea experienced by ramosetron-group TT genotype patients (1 [1 to 2], 3435TT; 1 [1 to 2.5], 2677TT) was lower than that experienced by ramosetron-group non-TT genotype patients (3 [1 to 6], 3435 non-TT, P=0.030; 3 [1 to 6], 2677 non-TT, P=0.038) and palonosetron-group TT genotype patients (6 [2 to 7], 3435TT, P=0.010; 6 [4 to 7], 2677TT, P=0.002).

Conclusions:

Compared with palonosetron, ramosetron may be superior for reducing PONV severity, especially in patients with ABCB1 3435TT or 2677TT genotype.
A Comparison of Regional Versus General Anesthesia for Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Studies
Authors: Zorrilla-Vaca Andres , Healy Ryan J. , Mirski Marek A.
Published: August 2016

Background:

General anesthesia (GA) is commonly used for lumbar spine surgery. The advantages of regional anesthesia (RA) for lumbar spine surgery, as compared with GA, remain unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the impact of the type of anesthesia on intraoperative events, incidence of postoperative complications, and recovery time of patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery.

Methods:

Major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched for randomized clinical trials comparing regional versus GA for lumbar spine surgery. Study-level characteristics, intraoperative events, and postoperative complications were extracted from the articles. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models.

Results:

Fifteen randomized clinical trials comprising 961 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The use of RA for lumbar spine surgery was significantly associated with lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting at 24 hours (risk ratio [RR]=0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.23-0.77, P=0.005), as well as lower length of stay (standardized mean difference [SMD]=−0.73; 95% CI=−1.17 to −0.29, P=0.001) and intraoperative blood loss (SMD=−1.24; 95% CI=−2.27 to −0.21, P=0.02). There was no statistically significant association with lower pain score (SMD=−0.47; 95% CI=−2.13 to 1.19, P=0.58), lower incidence of urinary retention (RR=1.16; 95% CI=0.73-1.86, P=0.53) or analgesic requirement (RR=0.87; 95% CI=0.64-1.18, P=0.37).

Conclusions:

In summary, RA has several advantageous characteristics, including lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, length of stay, and blood loss. Further well-designed studies with more sample size are needed to clarify the associations with possible neurological complications.
Chronic Kidney Disease After Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy and Its Impact on Long-Term Outcomes: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study in Korea*
Authors: An Jung Nam , Hwang Jin Ho , Kim Dong Ki , Lee Hajeong , Ahn Shin Young , Kim Sejoong , Park Jung Tak , Kang Shin-Wook , Oh Yun Kyu , Kim Yon Su , Lim Chun Soo , Oh Hyung Jung , Lee Jung Pyo
Published: August 2016

Objectives:

Severe acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy is associated with a high risk of early mortality. Our objectives were to identify a cohort of early survivors and to follow their renal progress and long-term mortality.

Design:

Multicenter, observational, retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

ICUs in tertiary academic hospitals in Korea.

Patients:

From 2009 to 2013, we identified 1,764 severe acute kidney injury patients who were started on continuous renal replacement therapy at four hospitals. Of these, we identified 331 survivors for whom we could identify renal function at baseline and at 3 months.

Interventions:

None.

Measurements and Main Results:

The 331 patients were separated into two groups based on their renal function at 3 months after the start of continuous renal replacement therapy. Those who displayed significant deterioration in renal function compared to baseline, defined as greater than or equal to 50% increase in serum creatinine or greater than or equal to 35% decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, or those who continued to receive renal replacement therapy were designated as a “3-month chronic kidney disease progression” group. Those with a return to baseline, less than 50% increase in serum creatinine or less than 35% decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, were designated as a “3-month chronic kidney disease nonprogression” group. The acute kidney injury patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy showed a higher risk of progression to end-stage renal disease compared to that of stage 3 chronic kidney disease patients who did not undergo an acute kidney injury episode, even if the acute kidney injury was recovered at 3 months after continuous renal replacement therapy initiation. Furthermore, “3-month chronic kidney disease progression” was associated with a high risk of progression to end-stage renal disease and long-term mortality over a median follow-up period of 12.7 (3.8–33.2) and 20.4 (7.5–39.7) months, respectively. Older age, higher baseline serum creatinine levels, and higher blood urea nitrogen concentrations at continuous renal replacement therapy initiation, and lower 24-hour urine output after continuous renal replacement therapy initiation are associated with an increased risk of “3-month chronic kidney disease progression.”

Conclusions:

Renal functional assessment at 3 months after continuous renal replacement therapy initiation can be useful in predicting progression to end-stage renal disease and long-term mortality. Furthermore, continuous close monitoring and management of acute kidney injury patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy are required, even in those with recovered renal function.
Influence of Large Intraocular Pressure Reduction on Peripapillary OCT Vessel Density in Ocular Hypertensive and Glaucoma Eyes
Authors: Holló Gábor
Published: August 2016

Background/Purpose:

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography is a new noninvasive method to measure peripapillary microcirculation in various retinal layers, separately. In this case series, we investigate whether large medical intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction (>50% of the untreated baseline value) to IOP≤18 mm Hg influences peripapillary angioflow density (PAFD, percentage of the analyzed retinal area) in the retinal nerve fiber layer in high pressure (IOP≥35 mm Hg) ocular hypertensive and glaucoma eyes.

Methods:

The AngioVue OCT (software version 2015.100.0.33) was used for PAFD measurements in 6 eyes of 4 consecutive newly detected young patients (age: 32 to 45 y; 2 ocular hypertensive and 4 pigment dispersion/glaucoma eyes). PAFD was measured on high quality images (signal strength index >50) at untreated baseline and 2 to 4 weeks later when the IOP was medically reduced. The PAFD measurements were immediately followed by IOP measurements.

Results:

Untreated and under treatment IOP ranged between 35 and 42 mm Hg, and 12 and 18 mm Hg, respectively (IOP decrease >50% in all cases). Peripapillary PAFD increased in all cases, in 5 cases the increase was greater than the baseline value plus 2 test-retest variability determined earlier by us on glaucoma eyes.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that large medical IOP reduction may result in clinically significant increase of peripapillary capillary perfusion in the retinal nerve fiber layer in young individuals with high untreated IOP. To evaluate the clinical usefulness of OCT angiography in the management of glaucoma detailed prospective clinical studies are necessary.
Treatment of Recalcitrant Cyclitic Neovascular Pupillary Membranes
Authors: Spratt Alexander , Blieden Lauren S. , Dubovy Sander R. , Berrocal Audina , Lee Richard K.
Published: August 2016

Purpose:

To describe a new approach for the treatment of cyclitic vascularized pupillary membranes.

Patients and Methods:

A retrospective interventional case series describing 3 patients undergoing a novel interventional treatment at a single institutional center.

Results:

This technique allows successful completion of laser membranectomy to create a pupillary aperture. This aperture resulted in improved vision and an enhanced ability to examine for and treat ischemic retinal disease.

Conclusions:

This technique describes a new use for bevacizumab that enables the surgeon to treat recalcitrant and recurrent cyclitic vascularized pupillary membranes.
Reliability of conditioned pain modulation: a systematic review
Authors: Kennedy Donna L. , Kemp Harriet I. , Ridout Deborah , Yarnitsky David , Rice Andrew S.C.
Published: August 2016

A systematic literature review was undertaken to determine if conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is reliable. Longitudinal, English language observational studies of the repeatability of a CPM test paradigm in adult humans were included. Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias in 6 domains; study participation; study attrition; prognostic factor measurement; outcome measurement; confounding and analysis using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) critical assessment tool. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) less than 0.4 were considered to be poor; 0.4 and 0.59 to be fair; 0.6 and 0.75 good and greater than 0.75 excellent. Ten studies were included in the final review. Meta-analysis was not appropriate because of differences between studies. The intersession reliability of the CPM effect was investigated in 8 studies and reported as good (ICC = 0.6-0.75) in 3 studies and excellent (ICC > 0.75) in subgroups in 2 of those 3. The assessment of risk of bias demonstrated that reporting is not comprehensive for the description of sample demographics, recruitment strategy, and study attrition. The absence of blinding, a lack of control for confounding factors, and lack of standardisation in statistical analysis are common. Conditioned pain modulation is a reliable measure; however, the degree of reliability is heavily dependent on stimulation parameters and study methodology and this warrants consideration for investigators. The validation of CPM as a robust prognostic factor in experimental and clinical pain studies may be facilitated by improvements in the reporting of CPM reliability studies.
Practical Implications of Metacognitively Oriented Psychotherapy in Psychosis
Authors: de Jong Steven , van Donkersgoed Rozanne J.M. , Aleman André , van der Gaag Mark , Wunderink Lex , Arends Johan , Lysaker Paul H. , Pijnenborg Marieke
Published: August 2016

In preparation for a multicenter randomized controlled trial, a pilot study was conducted investigating the feasibility and acceptance of a shortened version (12 vs. 40 sessions) of an individual metacognitive psychotherapy (Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy [MERIT]). Twelve participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were offered 12 sessions of MERIT. Effect sizes were calculated for changes from baseline to treatment end for metacognitive capacity measured by the Metacognition Assessment Scale—Abbreviated. Nine of twelve patients finished treatment. However, nonsignificant moderate to large effect sizes were obtained on the primary outcome measure. This study is among the first to suggest that patients with schizophrenia will accept metacognitive therapy and evidence improvements in metacognitive capacity. Despite limitations typical to a pilot study, including a small sample size and lack of a control group, sufficient evidence of efficacy was obtained to warrant further investigation.
Patient's Loss of Empathy Is Associated With Caregiver Burden
Authors: Pomponi Massimiliano , Ricciardi Lucia , La Torre Giuseppe , Fusco Domenico , Morabito Bruno , Ricciardi Diego , Di Gioia Annamaria , Bernabei Roberto , Bentivoglio Anna Rita
Published: August 2016

Patients benefit from the presence of empathic caregivers (CGs). In this regard, empathy toward the patient is one of the clinical targets for improving patient outcomes. However, relatively little is known about the impact of patients' empathic responses on the CGs' burden. Among people living with Parkinson's disease (PwP), care partners play a major role. This study involved 28 spouse-patient couples. Empathy, stress burden, and mood disorders (such as anxiety and depression) were assessed over a 6-month period, before and after the reported intervention. Our observation points out that the improvement of patient empathy is necessary for a significant burden reduction among spouses caring for PwP.
The Functional Exercise Capacity Is Associated With Global Functioning in People With Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Vancampfort Davy , Sienaert Pascal , Wyckaert Sabine , De Hert Marc , Stubbs Brendon , Richards Justin , Mugisha James , Probst Michel
Published: August 2016

The aim of the current study was to determine whether the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score is associated with the functional exercise capacity among in- and outpatients with bipolar disorder. Sixty-five (36♀) persons with bipolar disorder performed a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and were assessed with the GAF, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (QIDS), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The mean GAF-score was 55.0 ± 15.0, whereas the mean distance achieved on the 6MWT was 615.6 ± 118.6 m. There was a positive association between the GAF score and 6MWT score (r = 0.60, p < 0.001). A backward regression analysis demonstrated that an inpatient status, illness duration (16.1 ± 10.7 years), and the QIDS score (7.7 ± 5.7) explained 72.4% of the GAF-score variance. The GAF, QIDS score, and age explained 74.1% of the 6MWT-score variance. Our results indicate that a bidirectional relationship is evident between the exercise capacity and global functioning among people with bipolar disorder.
Exophthalmos, Diplopia, and Bilateral Eyelid Edema: Symptoms of Ocular Mastocytosis
Authors: Payerols Arnaud , Frouin Eric , Schiffmann Aurélie , Menjot de Champfleur Nicolas , Canioni Danielle , Chandesris Olivia , Costes Valérie , Villain Max , Mura Frédéric
Published: August 2016

Purpose

Mastocytosis is characterized by clonal mast cell proliferation with accumulation within various organs and uncontrolled activation with excessive mast cell mediator release. Ocular manifestations have rarely been published. We describe a 63-year-old man with bilateral exophthalmos that led to the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis.

Case Report

A patient presented with bilateral eyelid edema with exophthalmos associated with binocular diplopia. Ophthalmologic examination showed bilateral axial, symmetrical, and painless exophthalmos with eyelid edema, and limitation in elevation of the right eye. Visual acuity was normal. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed increased volume of both the superior and medial recti muscles and right inferior oblique muscle, and histopathological examination of orbital fat and muscle biopsies revealed an infiltration by mast cells. Serum tryptase was elevated. The patient also complained of a long history of pruritis and diffuse skin erythema that could be elicited with just mild pressure (Darier’s sign). A bone marrow biopsy confirmed the infiltration of abnormal mast cells with a D816V mutation in the KIT gene. Treatment with cladribine was initiated and resulted in resolution of both ocular and systemic signs and symptoms that persisted without relapse 18 months after discontinuation. Ocular mastocytosis is a rare condition, which was previously reported to involve the conjunctiva, cornea, uvea, eyelid, orbit, and choroid. Cases of ocular mastocytosis can be classified into two main groups: mast cells tumors (mastocytomas) and ocular manifestations associated with systemic mastocytosis. Histological examination of ocular samples is rarely performed, and there are no standard criteria for the diagnosis of ocular mastocytosis. Our case emphasizes cladribine could represent an alternative treatment.

Conclusions

Our case is the first published case of exophthalmos and eyelid edema associated with systemic mastocytosis confirmed by pathologic examination of periocular biopsies that was treated effectively with cladribine.
Testosterone-induced “Virilization” of Mesonephric Duct Remnants and Cervical Squamous Epithelium in Female-to-Male Transgenders: A Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Singh Kamaljeet , Sung C. James , Lawrence W. Dwayne , Quddus M. Ruhul
Published: August 2016

Mesonephric ducts regress in genotypic females, leaving behind few remnants. These vestigial structures are often recognized in the mesosalpinx and paracervical regions. We report here 3 cases of female-to-male transgenders who underwent hysterectomy following testosterone treatment. Both female and male genital structures were identified on histologic examination. Although the morphologic appearances of the specimens were unremarkable, histologically 1 case revealed a well-formed fallopian tube as well as an epididymis and 2 cases showed prostate glands to be present in the cervical squamous epithelium.
Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Prevent Relapse Following Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Wilkinson Samuel T. , Ostroff Robert B. , Sanacora Gerard
Published: August 2016

Objective

The goal of this study was to explore the feasibility and potential efficacy of providing computer-assisted cognitive behavior therapy (CCBT) after an index course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to prevent relapse.

Methods

In an open-label trial, subjects with major depressive episode who achieved response or remission after an acute treatment with ECT were recruited to enroll in a 9-module CCBT course. Subjects completed the CCBT modules in their own home at their own pace, but were asked to do at least 1 lesson per week, such that all 9 lessons would be completed in the first 2 months. Depression severity and relapse were monitored during the 6 months after ECT.

Results

Fifteen subjects (10 responders and 5 remitters) enrolled in the study and logged onto the CCBT course. The mean (SD) number of online lessons completed was 7.6 (1.7) or 84% of the total lessons and the mean (SD) time spent working online was 8.4 (3.9) hours. During the first 2 months (the prescribed time period), the mean (SD) number of lessons completed was 6.5 (1.8), or 72% and the mean (SD) time spent working online was 6.8 (3.2) hours. Of the entire sample of responders and remitters (n = 15), 5 (33%) relapsed at 6 months. Of the 5 remitters, none relapsed during this time period.

Conclusions

Our results provide preliminary evidence that CCBT is feasible following ECT. Large controlled trials are needed to definitively assess whether this strategy is efficacious in preventing relapse.
Knowledge of and Attitude Toward Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Among Psychiatrists in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlHadi Ahmad N. , AlShiban Abdulrahman M. , Alomar Majed A. , Aljadoa Othman F. , AlSayegh Ahmed M. , Jameel Mohammed A.
Published: August 2016

Objectives

The aims of this study were to assess psychiatrists' knowledge of and attitudes toward repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in Saudi Arabia and to determine the contributing factors.

Methods

A quantitative observational cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey. The sample consisted of 96 psychiatrists in Saudi Arabia. A new valid and reliable questionnaire was developed.

Results

A total of 96 psychiatrists enrolled in the study, 81% of whom were men. Half of the participants were consultants. The sample mainly consisted of general psychiatrists (65%). The mean age of the participants was 37 years. The results showed that 80% of the psychiatrists had a sufficient level of knowledge about rTMS. Consultants had greater knowledge than residents. Training abroad was not significantly associated with the level of knowledge or the type of attitude. Most psychiatrists (79%) had a positive attitude toward rTMS. Only 53% of the psychiatrists said they would agree to receive rTMS if they experienced a psychotic depressive condition. A minority of psychiatrists (7%) said they would not refer their patients for rTMS.

Conclusions

Most of the psychiatrists surveyed had good knowledge of and a positive attitude toward rTMS. Those who had a high level of training and experience showed higher levels of knowledge. Articles were reported to be a better source for improving physician knowledge than textbooks. Having a family member or relative who was treated with rTMS positively affected psychiatrists' attitudes toward rTMS.
Inference of the distribution of selection coefficients for new nonsynonymous mutations using large samples
Authors: Kim Bernard Y. , Huber Christian D. , Lohmueller Kirk E.
Published: August 2016

The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) has considerable importance in population genetics. To date, estimates of the DFE come from studies using a small number of individuals. Thus, estimates of the proportion of moderately to strongly deleterious new mutations may be unreliable because such variants are unlikely to be segregating in the data. Additionally, the true functional form of the DFE is unknown, and estimates of the DFE differ significantly between studies. Here we present a flexible and computationally tractable method, called Fit∂a∂i, to estimate the DFE using the site frequency spectrum from a large number of individuals. We apply our approach to the frequency spectrum of 1300 Europeans from the Exome Sequencing Project ESP6400 dataset, 1298 Danes from the LuCamp dataset, and 432 Europeans from the 1000 Genomes Project to estimate the DFE of deleterious nonsynonymous mutations. We infer significantly fewer (0.38-0.84x) strongly deleterious mutations with selection coefficient |s| > 0.01 and more (1.24-1.43x) weakly deleterious mutations with selection coefficient |s| < 0.001 compared to previous estimates. Furthermore, a DFE that is a mixture distribution of a point mass at neutrality plus a gamma distribution fits best to two of the three datasets. Our results suggest that nearly neutral forces play a larger role in human evolution than previously thought.
The impact of chromatin dynamics on Cas9-mediated genome editing in human cells
Authors: Daer René M. , Cutts Josh P. , Brafman David A. , Haynes Karmella A.
Published: August 2016

In order to efficiently edit eukaryotic genomes, it is critical to test the impact of chromatin dynamics on CRISPR/Cas9 function and develop strategies to adapt the system to eukaryotic contexts. So far, research has extensively characterized the relationship between the CRISPR endonuclease Cas9 and the composition of the RNADNA duplex that mediates the system’s precision. Evidence suggests that chromatin modifications and DNA packaging can block eukaryotic genome editing by custom-built DNA endonucleases like Cas9; however, the underlying mechanism of Cas9 inhibition is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that closed, gene-silencing-associated chromatin is a mechanism for the interference of Cas9-mediated DNA editing. Our assays use a transgenic cell line with a drug-inducible switch to control chromatin states (open and closed) at a single genomic locus. We show that closed chromatin inhibits editing at specific target sites, and that artificial reversal of the silenced state restores editing efficiency. These results provide new insights to improve Cas9-mediated editing in human and other mammalian cells.
Empirical assessment of published effect sizes and power in the recent cognitive neuroscience and psychology literature
Authors: Szucs Denes , Ioannidis John PA
Published: August 2016

We have empirically assessed the distribution of published effect sizes and estimated power by extracting more than 100,000 statistical records from about 10,000 cognitive neuroscience and psychology papers published during the past 5 years. The reported median effect size was d=0.93 (inter-quartile range: 0.64-1.46) for nominally statistically significant results and d=0.24 (0.11-0.42) for non-significant results. Median power to detect small, medium and large effects was 0.12, 0.44 and 0.73, reflecting no improvement through the past half-century. Power was lowest for cognitive neuroscience journals. 14% of papers reported some statistically significant results, although the respective F statistic and degrees of freedom proved that these were non-significant; p value errors positively correlated with journal impact factors. False report probability is likely to exceed 50% for the whole literature. In light of our findings the recently reported low replication success in psychology is realistic and worse performance may be expected for cognitive neuroscience.
Impact of stroke on diurnal heart rate variability in rats
Authors: Huff Sean R. , Ahmed Samreen , Meng He , Liu Tiecheng , Borjigin Jimo , Wang Michael M.
Published: August 2016

In humans, ischemic stroke is associated with reduced heart rate variability (HRV), a predictor of neurogenic cardiac events. This study was conducted to determine whether experimental stroke preferentially affects HRV during specific times of the day or parts of the sleep-wake cycle. A continuous telemetry system was used to analyze electroencephalograms (EEG), electromyograms (EMG), and electrocardiograms (ECG) after experimental ischemic stroke in rats (n = 13). Animals were implanted with telemetry probes and, after a two week stabilization period, 72h of baseline continuous EEG, EMG, ECG data were collected. Animals were then assigned to two procedure groups: 1) experimental stroke via 90 minute intraluminal filament occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery, or 2) sham surgery. Continuous waveform recording and HRV analysis was then continued for 48h following each procedure. HRV analysis was conducted by both time-domain and frequency-domain methods. Heart rate exhibited circadian rhythms among all animals prior to and following both procedures. Neither procedure contributed to significant heart rate changes. We did not find sleep state or circadian-dependent alterations in HRV in baseline recording. However, after stroke, animals exhibited elevated high frequency (HF) HRV (>10% increase, p<0.05) specifically during daytime waking periods. This contrasts with studies in humans that demonstrate reduced HRV after stroke, suggesting that age, medical comorbidities, or species differences modify the overall response to cortical infarction of autonomic control centers.
Concomitant polymorphs of 1,3-bis(3-fluorophenyl)urea
Authors: Capacci-Daniel Christina A. , Bertke Jeffery A. , Dehghan Shoaleh , Hiremath-Darji Rupa , Swift Jennifer A.
Published: August 2016

Hydrogen bonding between urea functionalities is a common structural motif employed in crystal-engineering studies. Crystallization of 1,3-bis(3-fluorophenyl)urea, C13H10F2N2O, from many solvents yielded concomitant mixtures of at least two polymorphs. In the monoclinic form, one-dimensional chains of hydrogen-bonded urea molecules align in an antiparallel orientation, as is typical of many diphenylureas. In the orthorhombic form, one-dimensional chains of hydrogen-bonded urea molecules have a parallel orientation rarely observed in symmetrically substituted diphenylureas.
Synthesis and crystal structure of ((E)-{2-[(E)-(4-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylidene]hydrazin-1-yl}(methylsulfanyl)methylidene)azanium hydrogen sulfate monohydrate
Authors: Nehar Oussama , Louhibi Samira , Boukli-Hacene Leila , Roisnel Thierry
Published: August 2016

In the title hydrated molecular salt, C13H14N3S+·HSO4
−·H2O, the protonation of the azomethine N atom in sulfuric acid medium involves the formation of the bisulfate anion. The molecular structure of the cation is obtained from the thiol tautomer of thiosemicarbazone wherein the naphthalene moiety and the conjugation of the bonds contribute to the planarity of the molecular skeleton. In the crystal, the cation, anion and water molecule of crystallization are linked by a series of O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. Within this network, there are also C—H...π interactions present involving symmetry-related naphthalene rings.
Solvent inclusion in the crystal structure of bis[(adamantan-1-yl)methanaminium chloride] 1,4-dioxane hemisolvate monohydrate explained using the computed crystal energy landscape
Authors: Mohamed Sharmarke
Published: August 2016

Repeated attempts to crystallize 1-adamantanemethylamine hydrochloride as an anhydrate failed but the salt was successfully crystallized as a solvate (2C11H20N+·2Cl−·0.5C4H8O2·H2O), with water and 1,4-dioxane playing a structural role in the crystal and engaging in hydrogen-bonding interactions with the cation and anion. Computational crystal-structure prediction was used to rationalize the solvent-inclusion behaviour of this salt by computing the solvent-accessible voids in the predicted low-energy structures for the anhydrate: the global lattice-energy minimum structure, which has the same packing of the ions as the solvate, has solvent-accessible voids that account for 3.71% of the total unit-cell volume and is 6 kJ mol−1 more stable than the next most stable predicted structure.
Crystal structure of (E)-4-hydroxy-N′-(3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide
Authors: Chantrapromma Suchada , Prachumrat Patcharawadee , Ruanwas Pumsak , Boonnak Nawong , Kassim Mohammad B.
Published: August 2016

The title compound, C15H14N2O3, crystallizes with two independent molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit that differ in the orientation of the 3-methoxyphenyl group with respect to the methylidenebenzohydrazide unit. The dihedral angles between the two benzene rings are 24.02 (10) and 29.30 (9)° in molecules A and B, respectively. In molecule A, the methoxy group is twisted slightly relative to its bound benzene ring, with a Cmethyl—O—C—C torsion angle of 14.2 (3)°, whereas it is almost co-planar in molecule B, where the corresponding angle is −2.4 (3)°. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by N—H...O, O—H...N and O—H...O hydrogen bonds, as well as by weak C—H...O interactions, forming sheets parallel to the bc plane. The N—H...O hydrogen bond and weak C—H...O interaction link different molecules (A...B) whereas both O—H...N and O—H...O hydrogen bonds link like molecules (A...A) and (B...B). Pairs of inversion-related B molecules are stacked approximately along the a axis by π–π interactions in which the distance between the centroids of the 3-methoxyphenyl rings is 3.5388 (12) Å. The B molecules also participate in weak C—H...π interactions between the 4-hydroxyphenyl and the 3-methoxyphenyl rings.
Safety management practices and safety compliance in small medium enterprises
Authors: Subramaniam Chandrakantan , Mohd. Shamsudin Faridahwati , Mohd Zin Md. Lazim , Sri Ramalu Subramaniam , Hassan Zuraida
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of safety participation as a mediator in the relationship between the six facets of safety management practices (i.e. management commitment, safety training, worker’s involvement, safety communication and feedback, safety rules and procedures, and safety promotion policies) and safety compliance.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey of 74 employees of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia was carried out. Self-reported measures were used to obtain data on workplace safety dimensions and safety behavior. The partial least square structural model analysis was used to ascertain the proposed relationships.

Findings

The present study found that only three dimensions of safety management practices (management commitment, safety training, and safety rules and procedures) were significantly related to safety compliance. Of these, safety participation mediated the link between management commitment and safety training and safety compliance.

Research limitations/implications

The small sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings. Second, the correlational nature of the study did not permit causation to be implied. However, despite these limitations, while safety performance can be theorized to trigger the establishment of safety management practices, such theoretical perspective tends to connote reactivity rather than proactivity of the decision-making process.

Practical implications

The study highlights the role of the voluntary behavior of employees in promoting a safe work environment. Business owners are recommended to provide safety training in which the employees are stressed on their crucial role in safety and use this knowledge to educate and convince their co-workers to work safely.

Originality/value

Literature indicates the lack of studies on safety research in SMEs. Furthermore, such studies are justified because SMEs are likely to have more risks of occupational accidents and injuries. More importantly, this research highlights the importance of the voluntary behaviors of employees (i.e. safety participation) in promoting a safe work environment. As SMEs tend to have limited resources to implement a comprehensive OSH management system, using the employees as the safety agents at work can be an effective way toward accomplishing safety performance.
Effects of sustainable leadership on customer satisfaction: evidence from Thailand
Authors: Suriyankietkaew Suparak
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate a limited empirical study into the field of sustainable leadership (SL) and customer satisfaction. Hence, the quantitative effects and relationships between SL and customer satisfaction were examined based on empirical analysis and evidence from Thailand. These relationships are of interest for studying long-term corporate success and sustainability in firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design was based on an empirical, quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey. Convenience sampling was used, gaining responses from 440 business managers across various industries in Thailand. SL model was adopted as a theoretical framework.

Findings

It is evident in this study that 16 out of 23 SL practices are significantly associated with enhanced customer satisfaction. Multiple regression analyses provide evidence that strong and shared vision, innovation, staff engagement and high quality are significantly and positively expected to increase customer satisfaction. In short, the four practices are the key predictors of and drivers for superior customer satisfaction in firms.

Research limitations/implications

One important implication is that business owners, leaders and managers from Thailand and other emerging Asia-Pacific economies should adopt these significant practices to improve superior customer satisfaction, thereby contributing to enhanced sustainable enterprises in the long run. Since the existing study is the first investigation into studying the relationships and their effects, it needs replication and cross-validation.

Originality/value

Overall findings are of empirical and practical significance to expand limited knowledge in the field, with scanty empirical research to date. It offers research insights into the relationships between SL practices and customer satisfaction. Hence, it is of empirical and practical significance. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.
Perceived supervisory support and service recovery performance
Authors: Oentoro Wanny , Popaitoon Patchara , Kongchan Ananchai
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating effect of personality traits (i.e. extraversion and emotional stability) toward the relationship between perceived supervisory support (PSS) and employees’ service recovery performance (SRP) in call centers.

Design/methodology/approach

Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to call center in service organizations located in Thailand. Moderated regression analysis and the follow-up analyses were employed to test hypotheses.

Findings

The findings reveal that emotional stability moderates the relationship between PSS and employees’ SRP. Unexpectedly, no evidence was found that extraversion moderates the service performance relationship.

Research limitations/implications

The limitations include generalizability and the neglect of other personality traits that could influence SRP. Future research could validate the study in different countries and examine the moderating roles of other personality traits in the SRP model.

Practical implications

This study provides insights for people management managers that SRP of employees with high emotional stability could be enhanced and diminished corresponding to the level of supervisory support. Therefore, attention should be paid to this particular group of call centers for their contribution that could be maximized if they received high support from supervisors.

Originality/value

Previously, little attention has been given to understand the role of personality traits on SRP. In doing so, this research contributes to the literature by investigating the moderating roles of emotional stability and extraversion on employees’ SRP.
A grounded investigation of Chinese office politics
Authors: Han Yong , Wang Zhiqaing , Sheard Geoff , Kakabadse Nada
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to critically review the extant western literature on political skill and impression management in human resource management and organisational behaviour and applies an inductive approach to explore an equal Chinese concept of office politics in the People’s Republic of China (PRC).

Design/methodology/approach

An empirical study conducted in a wide range of Chinese organisational forms, employing an inductive approach based on critical incident technique.

Findings

Data collected from 173 employees supported this model and indicated the existence of 14 clusters of behaviours that characterise political skill, impression management and the overlap between the two. Extending impression management theory, the authors found that individual players’ political skill drives the dynamics of Chinese office politics and may help a subordinate gain a favourable image with superiors and serve as the overlap between individual political skill and impression management from the Chinese perspective.

Originality/value

The authors used a grounded theory approach to report the construct of a Chinese concept of office politics in the PRC, which is much similar to the western concept of political skill in organisation. Compared with western political skill literature, this study found both universal and cultural-specific phenomena on political perspective in Chinese organisations.
Determinants of individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions: a gender-comparative study
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Farooq Omer , Sultana Naheed , Farooq Mariam
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the differentiated effects of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and social norms on individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions (EIs), through the mediation of attitude toward entrepreneurship, by integrating the framework of gender schema theory with the theory of planned behavior. The authors posit that different factors stimulate the EIs of males and females, through attitude toward entrepreneurship, in developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are collected from graduating students of South Asia’s largest university. Structural equation modeling is used for model testing.

Findings

The results show that perceived entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a greater effect on the attitude of males toward entrepreneurship than on the attitude of females, but perceived social norms have a greater effect on female attitude toward entrepreneurship. Attitude toward entrepreneurship has a positive impact on EIs.

Originality/value

This is the first study of its nature which demonstrates that the EIs of males and females are induced by different factors. Where the social norms are the major factors in determining the EIs of the females, self-efficacy plays a vital role in predicting the EIs of their male counterparts. This study also attempts to clarify the relationship between self-efficacy, social norms, and EIs by positing entrepreneurial attitude as mediator. Moreover, it brings a fresh perspective through its setting in South Asia. By testing a model in the cultural setting of a developing country, this study differentiates the research from that conducted in the developed world.
Inclusion, organisational justice and employee well-being
Authors: Huong Le , Zheng Connie , Fujimoto Yuka
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between employee perceived well-being and the four dimensions of organisational justice, namely, procedural, distributive, interpersonal and informational justice, and how dimensions of organisational justice affect employee well-being in the Australian tourism industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample is selected from employees who work in the tourism industry in Australia, and the survey was conducted online (n=121). Factor analysis is used to identify key items related to perceived organisational justice, followed by multiple regression analysis to assess the magnitude and strength of impacts of different dimensions of organisational justice on employee well-being.

Findings

The results support the established view that organisational justice is associated with employee well-being. Specifically, informational justice has the strongest influence on tourism employee well-being, followed by procedural justice, interpersonal justice and distributive justice.

Research limitations/implications

The authors acknowledge key limitations in the study such as a relatively small sample size and gender imbalance in the sample.

Practical implications

The authors provide strategies for managers to increase levels of organisational justice in the tourism sector such as workgroup interactions, a consultation process, team culture and social support.

Originality/value

This study builds on limited literature in the area of inclusion and organisational justice in tourism organisations. The study provides a new path to effective organisational management within the context of a diverse workforce, adding to the current debate on which dimensions of organisational justice contribute to improving employee well-being.
Perceptions of HR practices on job motivation and work-life balance
Authors: Bui Hong T.M. , Liu Gordon , Footner Sarah
Published: August 2016

Purpose

Based on regulatory focus theory and social exchange theory, the purpose of this paper is to explain how care service workers’ job attitudes, such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment and perceived organizational support, help form their promotion-focus or prevention-focus perceptions of firms’ HR practices.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey study of 709 residential care service workers was used to test the developed framework with structure equation modeling analysis.

Findings

The empirical results show that the adoption of HR practices in the British care service sector can simultaneously enhance workers’ job motivation and help to correct their work-life imbalance, which have different effects on workers’ job attitudes.

Research limitations/implications

Perceptions of HR practices can create both promotion- and prevention-focussed perceptions from the workers’ perspective. The mixed perceptions about HR practices trigger both perceptions of job motivation and perceptions of work-life imbalance that can then lead to different outcomes with regard to job attitudes.

Practical implications

This study helps practitioners apply HR practices suitably, to certain types of employees in order to drive positive, rather than negative impacts. It is important for managers in the care service industry to take into account the conditions that determine the impacts of HR practices on workers’ job attitudes when deciding to adopt HR practices.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the management literature by providing empirical evidence of the critical role played by job motivation and work-life imbalance in the perceptions of HR practices and job attitudes link.
Website quality for SME wineries: measurement insights
Authors: Canziani Bonnie Farber , Welsh Dianne H.B.
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The study aims to offer a general review of website evaluation, with particular application to the winery tourism field. Automated website evaluation is explored as a complementary tool in the evaluation of small and medium enterprise (SME) winery websites.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a mixed-method investigation including a critical review of winery website evaluation literature and analysis of winery website scores generated through a free service of a commercial automated evaluation scoring system.

Findings

No standards currently exist for winery website evaluation metrics and current evaluation processes suffer from human rater bias. An automated evaluation scoring system used in the study was able to discriminate between a sample of known best practice websites and other independently formed samples representing average wineries in the USA and in North Carolina.

Research limitations/implications

Wineries and other small business tourism firms can benefit by incorporating automated website evaluation and benchmarking into their internet strategies. Reported human rater limitations noted in manual evaluation may be minimized using automated rating technology. Automated evaluation system metrics tend to be updated more frequently and offer better alignment with trending consumer expectations for website design.

Originality/value

The current study used an automated website quality evaluation tool that serves to move winery website design efforts forward and supports the goals of reputation management for tourism businesses relying on internet marketing.