bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factorial Design and Optimization of Landfill Leachate Treatment Using Tannin-Based Natural Coagulant
Authors: Banch Tawfiq J. H. , Hanafiah Marlia M. , Alkarkhi Abbas F. M. , Abu Amr Salem S.
Published: August 2019

In this study, tannin-based natural coagulant was used to treat stabilized landfill leachate. Tannin modified with amino group was utilized for the treatment process. Central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate and optimize the effect of tannin dosage and pH on four responses. The treatment efficiency was evaluated based on the removal of four selected (responses) parameters; namely, chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, NH3–N and total suspended solids (TSS). The optimum removal efficiency for COD, TSS, NH3–N and color was obtained using a tannin dosage of 0.73 g at a pH of 6. Moreover, the removal efficiency for selected heavy metals from leachate; namely, iron (Fe2+), zinc (Zn2+), copper (Cu2+), chromium (Cr2+), cadmium (Cd2+), lead (Pb2+), arsenic (As3+), and cobalt (Co2+) was also investigated. The results for removal efficiency for COD, TSS, NH3–N, and color were 53.50%, 60.26%, and 91.39%, respectively. The removal of selected heavy metals from leachate for Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cr2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, As3+ and cobalt Co2+ were 89.76%, 94.61%, 94.15%, 89.94%, 17.26%, 93.78%, 86.43% and 84.19%, respectively. The results demonstrate that tannin-based natural coagulant could effectively remove organic compounds and heavy metals from stabilized landfill leachate.
Four Religious Education Teachers: Four Retrospective Career Trajectories
Authors: Luodeslampi Juha , Kuusisto Arniika , Kallioniemi Arto
Published: August 2019

This article examines the career paths of Finnish Religious Education (RE) teachers who were born in the 1930s, through a retrospective, self-autobiographical life history approach. The material reported here is a part of wider data of mainly written narratives (N = 62) from RE teachers who recount their career trajectories. In these career-focused life histories, the teachers outline their own professionalism as embedded in changing sociohistorical contexts, where to a great extent they tell about the active development of the school and the teaching of their particular subject to answer to the changing needs and challenges. Some teachers have, along with their teaching, also been actively involved in different communities or associations. Many of the Religious Education teachers here reflect on their career paths in relation to their profession as a teacher and often also with double qualifications as pastor trained theologians. At times, this constructs a possibility for tension between the roles of a teacher and that of a pastor, and in the perceptions of RE as a school subject and as something “preached” in the pulpit—some see their professionalism above all in relation to their religious life. This also includes a notable gender divide in the data, as at the time when these teachers gained their professional qualifications, it was only possible for men to be ordained in the Finnish Lutheran Church. Succeeding this, the male teachers in these data commonly have pastorhood as their first profession. For the purpose of this article, the career accounts of four teachers have been selected for further analysis, as they were perceived as telling examples of the wider material in terms of more or less typical career paths.
Hope in Exile: In Conversation with Ezekiel
Authors: Hiebel Janina M.
Published: August 2019

The question of hope in dark times, though topical, is not new. The Babylonian Exile (597/587–539 BCE) is commonly recognised as perhaps the most profound, yet also most fruitful crisis in biblical (Old Testament) times. It involved the total breakdown of all religious and political structures and institutions that previously had provided meaning and protection, yet it led to significant theological progress, laying the foundations for both Judaism and Christianity. Today the metaphor of exile is sometimes used with reference to the present; however, the connection is usually not further explored. This article examines a biblical exilic voice, the book of Ezekiel, which offers an initial prophetic response to the theological, political and identity crisis of the early Babylonian Exile. While resisting both optimism and despair, Ezekiel arrives at an original, if peculiar, imagination of hope, founded solely on theological conviction. The article outlines this process by discussing select texts of the book as examples, and opens it up to conversation with the present. The logic of Ezekiel’s theocentric hope is bound to ultimately remain foreign to modern thinking. However, while it cannot be directly transferred into our times, the article aims to demonstrate that theological reflection on Ezekiel still yields valuable and transferable impulses for thought.
An Augustinian Meditation on the Saeculum
Authors: Drever Matthew
Published: August 2019

Augustine’s account of the saeculum brings together his theological anthropology, ecclesiology, and Christology in establishing the church as the body of Christ—as the place wherein the restless and sinful soul finds renewal through the grace of the incarnation. Such a model of the saeculum pushes back against various contemporary appropriations of Augustine, including those of Milbank, Markus, and Taylor.
Investigating the Norse Harbour of Igaliku (Southern Greenland) Using an Integrated System of Side-Scan Sonar and High-Resolution Reflection Seismics
Authors: Wilken Dennis , Wunderlich Tina , Feldens Peter , Coolen Joris , Preston John , Mehler Natascha
Published: August 2019

This study presents the results of a marine geophysical survey performed in the Igaliku fjord in southern Greenland in order to understand the harbour setting of the former Norse settlement Garðar (modern Igaliku). The aims of the survey were (a) to reconstruct the former coastline during the first centuries of the Norse settlement period (c. 11/12th centuries) and (b) to search for archaeological remains on the seabed connected to maritime traffic and trade. In order to approach these goals, we used an integrated marine survey system consisting of a side-scan sonar and a reflection seismic system. The system was designed for lightweight transport, allowing measurements in areas that are logistically difficult to access. The side-scan sonar data revealed no remains of clear archaeological origin. Bathymetric data from seismic seabed reflection and additional Differential GPS height measurements yielded a high-resolution bathymetric map. Based on estimates of Holocene relative sea level change, our bathymetry model was used to reconstruct the shift of the high and low-water line since the early Norse period. The reconstructed coastline shows that a small island, which hosts the ruins of a tentative Norse warehouse at the mouth of the present harbour, was connected to the shore at low tide during the early Norse period. In addition, reflection seismics and side-scan sonar images reveal a sheltered inlet with steep slopes on one side of the island, which may have functioned as a landing bridge used to load ships. We also show that the loss of fertile land due to sea level rise until the end of the Norse settlement was insignificant compared to the available fertile land in the Igaliku fjord and is thus not the reason for the collapse of the colony.
Multipath Residual Network for Spectral-Spatial Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: Meng Zhe , Li Lingling , Tang Xu , Feng Zhixi , Jiao Licheng , Liang Miaomiao
Published: August 2019

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently shown outstanding capability for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. In this work, a novel CNN model is proposed, which is wider than other existing deep learning-based HSI classification models. Based on the fact that very deep residual networks (ResNets) behave like ensembles of relatively shallow networks, our proposed network, called multipath ResNet (MPRN), employs multiple residual functions in the residual blocks to make the network wider, rather than deeper. The proposed network consists of shorter-medium paths for efficient gradient flow and replaces the stacking of multiple residual blocks in ResNet with fewer residual blocks but more parallel residual functions in each of it. Experimental results on three real hyperspectral data sets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over several state-of-the-art classification methods.
The Relationship between Fitness and Marksmanship in Police Officers
Authors: Muirhead Hannah , Orr Robin , Schram Ben , Kornhauser Charlie , Holmes Ryan , Dawes J. Jay
Published: August 2019

Police officers may be required to discharge their weapon under physical duress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between fitness and marksmanship to facilitate future strategies to improve marksmanship. Retrospective data were provided for thirty-four police officers (mean age = 40.48 ± 6.66 years: mean weight = 100.60 ± 19.82 kg: mean height = 180.42 ± 6.87 cm) from a US-based law enforcement agency. Data included four different fitness measures and three different shooting scenarios. No significant relationship was observed between the three different shooting scenarios. There was a significant relationship between shuttle run and static shoot (r = 0.528, p = 0.002), grip strength and the dynamic scenario (r = −0.367, p = 0.035) and leg strength and the positive identification scenario (r = 0.344, p = 0.050). This study demonstrated that a high variety of fitness training and marksmanship practice, under various occupational scenarios, may be required to ensure optimal police shooting accuracy whilst in the field.
Is It Possible to Manage the Product Recovery Processes in an ERP? Analysis of Functional Needs
Authors: Oltra-Badenes Raul , Gil-Gomez Hermenegildo , Guerola-Navarro Vicente , Vicedo Pau
Published: August 2019

In today’s business environment, different factors make product return and product recovery increasingly more important in order to recover value and increase the company’s profitability. In such an environment, where sustainability concerns and awareness of environmental responsibility in industrial production has considerably grown, reverse logistics (RL) becomes more relevant and, thus, its correct management using suitable information systems (IS) is fundamental. Nevertheless, today’s IS in general, and in Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) in particular, are developed based on conventional logistic processes that do not contemplate the specific characteristics of RL. The main objective of this work is to analyze the functional requirements of an IS to manage product recovery processes that serve as a guide to develop a suitable ERP for RL. The research methodology has been conducted with a qualitative approach, through which the main specific requirements that an IS must meet to manage RL have been stablished, and a data model for the development of solutions to the requirements identified in an ERP system has been proposed. For the development in the ERP it is recommended to start with the requirement of RBOM (Reverse Bill Of Materials) management, since it is the most complex development and has a greater relationship with the rest.
Place-Keeping for Health? Charting the Challenges for Urban Park Management in Practice
Authors: Nam Jinvo , Dempsey Nicola
Published: August 2019

There is a growing body of evidence that demonstrates the health and well-being benefits of urban green spaces. There is less evidence on the effect of the management of such spaces on our health and well-being. This paper attempts to address this gap in knowledge by calling on empirical evidence collected in the United Kingdom (UK) city of Sheffield. Interviews conducted with professionals and community groups involved in the management of six district parks are analysed using the place-keeping analytical framework. The results highlight the overriding importance of local and national policy regarding how they inform the availability of funding, which is increasingly dependent on partnerships, and governance arrangements to contribute to a park’s maintenance, which is monitored through evaluation. The findings show how policies without funding can jeopardise the effective management of parks and how the concept of making park management a statutory service might have more traction if we consider its contribution to people’s health.
Towards a Framework for Understanding Discursive Regime Destabilisation: A Case Study of a Social Movement Organisation “Economy for the Common Good”
Authors: Vincent Olga , Scholl Christian
Published: August 2019

Despite increasing scepticism about the conventional growth model, the topic of destabilisation of socio-economic regimes has not yet captured scholarly interest. This paper addresses this gap and serves a twofold purpose. First, it develops an analytical framework for studying discursive regime destabilisation based on previous research by Turnheim and colleagues. The framework is novel as it allows for: (1) structured analysis of framing interactions between niche and regime actors; (2) visualised mapping of discursive actors; and (3) identification of phases of discursive destabilisation. Second, the paper contributes to the literature on an ongoing practice of socio-economic transformations by applying the framework to a case study of a social movement organisation, “Economy for the Common Good” (ECG), that seeks to advance socio-economic transition. The suggested framework was useful for analysing the ECG. First, it demonstrated that niche actors employed mostly motivational and prognostic frames supporting the alternative economic approach, while the regime diffused mostly diagnostic frames focusing on the perceived negative aspects of the niche. Second, by applying the framework, we identified three relevant destabilisation phases in this socio-economic transformation process: Blindness and Denial, Incremental Responses to Problems and Increasing Doubts and Diversification. We argue that the framing of the niche affects different actor groups differently: while representatives of high authorities remained in the first phase of destabilisation, regional authorities and private companies already appeared at the second and third phases.
Combining Marine Ecology and Economy to Roadmap the Integrated Coastal Management: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Hay Mele Bruno , Russo Luca , D’Alelio Domenico
Published: August 2019

Integrated coastal management (ICM) relies on the inclusion of economic issues within marine ecology. To assess the progress of this integration, we applied topic modelling and network analysis to explore the pertinent literature (583 Isi-WoS, and 5459 Scopus papers). We classified the topics of interest (i.e., concepts, approaches, and sectors) that combined ecological and economic issues within marine science, we aggregated these topics in fields pertinent to ICM, and tracked the knowledge-exchange between these fields by using an information-flow network. Main findings were: (i) the high trans-disciplinary fashion of studies about marine protection and of those about commercial fisheries, (ii) the weak interaction between studies focusing on potential biohazards and those about environmental management, (iii) the isolation, in the overall information-flow, of studies about ecotourism and aquaculture. We included in a roadmap all the integration routes we detected within ICM, based on the combination of ecological and economic issues. We conclude that, to improve integration, ICM should: (i) Exploit marine protection as a bridge between ecological and economic concepts and approaches, and between maritime economy sectors, (ii) employ systems ecology to pursue trans-disciplinary investigations, (iii) complement systems ecology with citizen science by means of inclusive economic initiatives, such as ecotourism.
Does Functional Lateralization in Birds Have any Implications for Their Welfare?
Authors: Rogers Lesley J. , Kaplan Gisela
Published: August 2019

We know a good deal about brain lateralization in birds and a good deal about animal welfare, but relatively little about whether there is a noteworthy relationship between avian welfare and brain lateralization. In birds, the left hemisphere is specialised to categorise stimuli and to discriminate preferred categories from distracting stimuli (e.g., food from an array of inedible objects), whereas the right hemisphere responds to small differences between stimuli, controls social behaviour, detects predators and controls attack, fear and escape responses. In this paper, we concentrate on visual lateralization and the effect of light exposure of the avian embryo on the development of lateralization, and we consider its role in the welfare of birds after hatching. Findings suggest that light-exposure during incubation has a general positive effect on post-hatching behaviour, likely because it facilitates control of behaviour by the left hemisphere, which can suppress fear and other distress behaviour controlled by the right hemisphere. In this context, particular attention needs to be paid to the influence of corticosterone, a stress hormone, on lateralization. Welfare of animals in captivity, as is well known, has two cornerstones: enrichment and reduction of stress. What is less well-known is the link between the influence of experience on brain lateralization and its consequent positive or negative outcomes on behaviour. We conclude that the welfare of birds may be diminished by failure to expose the developing embryos to light but we also recognise that more research on the association between lateralization and welfare is needed.
Degenerate Stirling Polynomials of the Second Kind and Some Applications
Authors: Kim Taekyun , Kim Dae San , Kim Han Young , Kwon Jongkyum
Published: August 2019

Recently, the degenerate λ -Stirling polynomials of the second kind were introduced and investigated for their properties and relations. In this paper, we continue to study the degenerate λ -Stirling polynomials as well as the r-truncated degenerate λ -Stirling polynomials of the second kind which are derived from generating functions and Newton’s formula. We derive recurrence relations and various expressions for them. Regarding applications, we show that both the degenerate λ -Stirling polynomials of the second and the r-truncated degenerate λ -Stirling polynomials of the second kind appear in the expressions of the probability distributions of appropriate random variables.
The Effect of Low and High Dose Deoxynivalenol on Intestinal Morphology, Distribution, and Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines of Weaning Rabbits
Authors: Yang Wanying , Huang Libo , Wang Pengwei , Wu Zhichao , Li Fuchang , Wang Chunyang
Published: August 2019

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a potential pathogenic factor to humans and animals, and intestinal tract is the primary target organ of DON. Data concerning the effects of DON on rabbits are scarce, especially for weaning rabbits. In this study, 45 weaning rabbits (35 d) were randomly and equally assigned into three groups. Group A was fed basic diet, while groups B and C were added DON at 0.5 mg/kg BW/d and 1.5 mg/kg BW/d, respectively, based on the basic diet. The experiment lasted for 24 days and the intestinal morphology, expression, and distribution of several cytokines in intestinal segments have been examined. The results indicated that ADG decreased while F/G increased significantly compared with the control group after DON added at 1.5 mg/kg BW/d. Some of the morphometric parameters (villi length, crypt depth, and goblet cells density) changed after DON was added. Meanwhile, the concentration as well as the expression levels of relative protein and mRNA of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 increased significantly. The immunohistochemistry results illustrated that the quantity and distribution of positive cells of inflammatory cytokines were changed after DON was added. In conclusion, the addition of DON damaged the intestinal morphology and changed the distribution and expression of inflammatory cytokines. The toxic effect depended on the dosage of DON.
Serological Screening for Coronavirus Infections in Cats
Authors: Zhao Shan , Li Wentao , Schuurman Nancy , van Kuppeveld Frank , Bosch Berend-Jan , Egberink Herman
Published: August 2019

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are widespread among mammals and birds and known for their potential for cross-species transmission. In cats, infections with feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) are common. Several non-feline coronaviruses have been reported to infect feline cells as well as cats after experimental infection, supported by their ability to engage the feline receptor ortholog for cell entry. However, whether cats might become naturally infected with CoVs of other species is unknown. We analyzed coronavirus infections in cats by serological monitoring. In total 137 cat serum samples and 25 FCoV type 1 or type 2-specific antisera were screened for the presence of antibodies against the S1 receptor binding subunit of the CoV spike protein, which is immunogenic and possesses low amino acid sequence identity among coronavirus species. Seventy-eight sera were positive for antibodies that recognized one or more coronavirus S1s whereas 1 serum exclusively reacted with human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) and two sera exclusively reacted with porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV). We observed antigenic cross-reactivity between S1s of type 1 and type 2 FCoVs, and between FCoV type 1 and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Domain mapping of antibody epitopes indicated the presence of conserved epitope(s) particularly in the CD domains of S1. The cross-reactivity of FCoV type 1 and PEDV was also observed at the level of virus neutralization. To conclude, we provide the first evidence of antigenic cross-reactivity among S1 proteins of coronaviruses, which should be considered in the development of serological diagnoses. In addition, the potential role of cats in cross-species transmission of coronaviruses cannot be excluded.
In Silico Identification of Novel Aromatic Compounds as Potential HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors Mimicking Cellular Receptor CD4
Authors: Andrianov Alexander M. , Nikolaev Grigory I. , Kornoushenko Yuri V. , Xu Wei , Jiang Shibo , Tuzikov Alexander V.
Published: August 2019

Despite recent progress in the development of novel potent HIV-1 entry/fusion inhibitors, there are currently no licensed antiviral drugs based on inhibiting the critical interactions of the HIV-1 envelope gp120 protein with cellular receptor CD4. In this connection, studies on the design of new small-molecule compounds able to block the gp120-CD4 binding are still of great value. In this work, in silico design of drug-like compounds containing the moieties that make the ligand active towards gp120 was performed within the concept of click chemistry. Complexes of the designed molecules bound to gp120 were then generated by molecular docking and optimized using semiempirical quantum chemical method PM7. Finally, the binding affinity analysis of these ligand/gp120 complexes was performed by molecular dynamic simulations and binding free energy calculations. As a result, five top-ranking compounds that mimic the key interactions of CD4 with gp120 and show the high binding affinity were identified as the most promising CD4-mimemic candidates. Taken together, the data obtained suggest that these compounds may serve as promising scaffolds for the development of novel, highly potent and broad anti-HIV-1 therapeutics.
Establishment of Primary Transgenic Human Airway Epithelial Cell Cultures to Study Respiratory Virus–Host Interactions
Authors: Jonsdottir Hulda R. , Marti Sabrina , Geerts Dirk , Rodriguez Regulo , Thiel Volker , Dijkman Ronald
Published: August 2019

Primary human airway epithelial cell (hAEC) cultures represent a universal platform to propagate respiratory viruses and characterize their host interactions in authentic target cells. To further elucidate specific interactions between human respiratory viruses and important host factors in the airway epithelium, it is important to make hAEC cultures amenable to genetic modification. However, the short and finite lifespan of primary cells in cell culture creates a bottleneck for the genetic modification of these cultures. In the current study, we show that the incorporation of the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor (Y-27632) during cell propagation extends the life span of primary human cells in vitro and thereby facilitates the incorporation of lentivirus-based expression systems. Using fluorescent reporters for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based sorting, we generated homogenously fluorescent hAEC cultures that differentiate normally after lentiviral transduction. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate that host gene expression can be modulated post-differentiation via inducible short hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated knockdown. Importantly, functional characterization of these transgenic hAEC cultures with exogenous poly (I:C), as a proxy for virus infection, demonstrates that such modifications do not influence the host innate immune response. Moreover, the propagation kinetics of both human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) and human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) were not affected. Combined, these results validate our newly established protocol for the genetic modification of hAEC cultures, thereby unlocking a unique potential for detailed molecular characterization of virus–host interactions in human respiratory epithelium.
ZIKV Envelope Domain-Specific Antibodies: Production, Purification and Characterization
Authors: Akhras Sami , Herrlein Marie-Luise , Elgner Fabian , Holzhauser Thomas , Hildt Eberhard
Published: August 2019

Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) came first to public attention after it was found to be associated with congenital microcephaly during the outbreak in Brazil (2015–2016). Diagnosis of ZIKV suffers from extensive cross-reactivity with other Flaviviruses, which are circulating in many ZIKV epidemic areas. Due to the fatal outcome of ZIKV infection during pregnancy, detailed knowledge about neutralizing and non-neutralizing epitopes is crucial for the development of robust detection systems of protective antibodies. Therefore, additional information about ZIKV immunogenicity and antibody response is required. In this project, we report the production, purification and characterization of six different polyclonal antibodies against ZIKV envelope (E) protein. The produced antibodies bind to isolated ZIKV E protein as well as to the surface of ZIKV particles, interestingly without being potently neutralizing. Surface plasmon resonance measurement showed that these antibodies bind with high affinity to ZIKV E protein. Epitope mapping revealed that the epitopes are distributed among the three ZIKV E domains with seven binding sites. These identified binding sites overlap only partially with the previously described epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies, which is in accordance with their lack of potent neutralizing activity. Additionally, these antibodies showed neither cross-reactivity nor potent neutralizing activity against West Nile virus, a related flavivirus. The gained set of data helps to extend our understanding about the distribution of neutralizing and non-/weak-neutralizing epitopes in ZIKV E protein, and provides a rationale for ZIKV vaccine design and development of robust detection assays for neutralizing antibodies.
Selection of Bacteriophages to Control In Vitro 24 h Old Biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Drinking and Thermal Water
Authors: Magin Vanessa , Garrec Nathalie , Andrés Yves
Published: August 2019

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes public healthcare issues. In moist environments, this Gram-negative bacterium persists through biofilm-associated contamination on surfaces. Bacteriophages are seen as a promising alternative strategy to chemical biocides. This study evaluates the potential of nine lytic bacteriophages as biocontrol treatments against nine environmental P. aerginosa isolates. The spot test method is preliminarily used to define the host range of each virus and to identify their minimum infectious titer, depending on the strain. Based on these results, newly isolated bacteriophages 14.1, LUZ7, and B1 are selected and assessed on a planktonic cell culture of the most susceptible isolates (strains MLM, D1, ST395E, and PAO1). All liquid infection assays are achieved in a mineral minimum medium that is much more representative of real moist environments than standard culture medium. Phages 14.1 and LUZ7 eliminate up to 90% of the PAO1 and D1 bacterial strains. Hence, their effectiveness is evaluated on the 24 h old biofilms of these strains, established on a stainless steel coupon that is characteristic of materials found in thermal and industrial environments. The results of quantitative PCR viability show a maximum reduction of 1.7 equivalent Log CFU/cm2 in the coupon between treated and untreated surfaces and shed light on the importance of considering the entire virus/host/environment system for optimizing the treatment.
Moving from Empirical to Rational Vaccine Design in the ‘Omics’ Era
Authors: Sharma Mansi , Krammer Florian , García-Sastre Adolfo , Tripathi Shashank
Published: August 2019

An ideal vaccine provides long lasting protection against a pathogen by eliciting a well-rounded immune response which engages both innate and adaptive immunity. However, we have a limited understanding of how components of innate immunity, antibody and cell-mediated adaptive immunity interact and function together at a systems level. With advances in high-throughput ‘Omics’ methodologies it has become possible to capture global changes in the host, at a cellular and molecular level, that are induced by vaccination and infection. Analysis of these datasets has shown the promise of discovering mechanisms behind vaccine mediated protection, immunological memory, adverse effects as well as development of more efficient antigens and adjuvants. In this review, we will discuss how systems vaccinology takes advantage of new technology platforms and big data analysis, to enable the rational development of better vaccines.
Modeling Study on the Hydrodynamic Environmental Impact Caused by the Sea for Regional Construction near the Yanwo Island in Zhoushan, China
Authors: Gou He , Luo Feng , Li Ruijie , Dong Xiaotian , Zhang Yifeng
Published: August 2019

Waves are one of the most important factors affecting offshore marine engineering. Accurate calculation of wave distribution is an important prerequisite to ensure the safety of coastal engineering construction. Due to the influence of complex topography, hydrological conditions, and marine structures on the propagation of waves offshore, slowly varying topography, refraction, diffraction, reflection, shallowness, and other phenomena may occur. This article combines the MIKE21 Spetral Waves (SW) wave model and the MIKE21 Boussinesq Waves (BW) wave model which are developed by Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) for a joint application (SW–BW nested model). It simulates the hydrodynamic environment of the Yanwo Island scenic area, located in Zhoushan, in both large and small ranges. In addition, wave height distribution and berthing stability of different breakwater planning schemes are calculated to optimize the layout of the breakwater. Through the analysis of simulation results, it is concluded that the hydraulic performance of Scheme 2 (the broken line section on the west side is 100 m long, and that on the east is 1200 m long, and the breakwater is rotated 8 degrees counterclockwise along the axis on the basis of Scheme 1) is better than that of Scheme 1 (the broken line section on the west side is 100 m long, and that on the east is 1100 m long), which can provide a more reliable construction reference for the construction of the Yanwo Island scenic area.
Aquifer Response to Estuarine Stream Dynamics
Authors: Shalem Yehuda , Yechieli Yoseph , Herut Barak , Weinstein Yishai
Published: August 2019

While seawater intrusions are widely discussed, the salinization of coastal aquifers via narrow rivers is hardly documented. This study investigates groundwater dynamics in an aquifer next to an estuarine stream on the eastern Mediterranean coast. Groundwater levels and salinization patterns were examined as a response to dynamic changes in estuary water, both in low-and high-permeability aquifer units. In the high-permeability unit, the extent of salinization was relatively constant, reaching a distance of at least 80 m from the river, with no long-term changes in fresh-saline interface depth, indicating that the system is in a quasi-steady state. Groundwater salinity in the low-permeability unit showed frequent and large fluctuations (up to 36 and 22 at 5 and 20 m from the river, respectively). We suggest that the river may have a more immediate impact on a low-permeability than on a high-permeability aquifer. This is dependent on the history of seawater encroachments to the river, which are better preserved in the low-permeability unit, and on the hydrogeology of this unit, where sand lenses can serve as high-permeability conduits. However, this unit can efficiently prevent a large extent of salinization of the regional coastal aquifer by the estuary water.
Infusão de lidocaína como parte de anestesia multimodal para laparotomia exploratória em equino com síndrome cólica:
Authors: Novaes Aline Dos Santos , Credie Leonardo De Freitas Guimarães Arcoverde
Published: August 2019

As particularidades anatômicas inerentes a espécie equina predispõem a mesma a síndrome cólica, sendo, predominantemente, seu tratamento cirúrgico. Esta situação impõe alguns desafios, pois o paciente se apresenta hemodinamicamente instável e com alto grau de sensibilidade álgica, tendo normalmente a equipe cirúrgico-anestésica pouco tempo para estabilização e tomada de decisão cirúrgica. Anestésicos inalatórios, como isofluorano, são fármacos amplamente utilizados em anestesia equina, no entanto, podem agravar o quadro hemodinâmico do paciente de maneira dose-dependente, sendo de extrema importância a inserção de anestesia multimodal no protocolo farmacológico, o que deve minimizar efeitos colaterais, otimizando a anestesia e a analgesia no período peri-operatório. Dentre os fármacos utilizados na anestesia balanceada de equinos, infusões contínuas de analgésicos e sedativos têm se mostrado úteis e eficazes nesta espécie. O cloridrato de lidocaína sob a forma de infusão contínua intravenosa apresenta efeito analgésico sistêmico, reduzindo de maneira intensa o requerimento de anestésicos gerais inalatórios, contribuindo também com seu efeito pró-cinético, melhorando o prognóstico em patologias do trato gastrointestinal. A presente revisão tem por objetivo descrever a literatura atual sobre a utilização do cloridrato de lidocaína por meio de infusão contínua intravenosa na espécie equina como parte de anestesia multimodal em procedimentos cirúrgicos para correção de síndrome cólica.
Comparação entre sutura em plano único e plano duplo em rumenotomia de caprinos
Authors: Guimarães Ana Luiza Silva , Menezes Demis Carlos Ribeiro , Quessada Ana Maria , Moro Juliana Vitti
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a cicatrização rumenal em caprinos, em duas técnicas de sutura. Foram utilizados 20 caprinos, divididos em dois grupos. No primeiro grupo (GI) foi utilizada a técnica de sutura em dois planos invaginantes. No segundo grupo (GII) foi utilizada sutura seromuscular em plano único com pontos separado simples. Em nenhum animal foi constatada deiscência da ferida cirúrgica cutânea. No entanto observaram-se abscessos subcutâneos em nove animais (45%). Foram constatados abscessos no local da cicatriz cirúrgica em 12 animais (60%), sendo cinco (25%) do GI e sete (35%) do GII. Foram observadas aderências no sítio cirúrgico, em 14 (70%) animais, sendo seis (30%) do GI e oito (40%) do GII. A mucosa apresentou-se completamente regenerada a partir do 15º dia pós-operatório (PO) nos animais do GI. Nos animais do GII a regeneração completa da mucosa só foi observada a partir de 30 dias PO. Tecido de granulação e fibrose foram observados em ambas as suturas a partir do 7º dia PO. As duas técnicas podem ser utilizadas na rumenotomia de caprinos com resultados semelhantes.
Estratégias de melhoramento para tolerância à seca em germoplasma de milho tropical
Authors: Zagatto Paterniani Maria Elisa Ayres Guidetti , Bernini Cristiani Santos , Guimarães Paula De Souza , Rodrigues Cinthia Souza
Published: August 2019

A seca é a causa mais severa da redução da produção agrícola e o aquecimento global previsto agravará, consideravelmente, o impacto do déficit hídrico. Alterações climáticas e custos elevados da irrigação são outros fatores que podem afetar ainda mais os problemas ocasionados pela deficiência hídrica, aumentando a necessidade de melhoramento genético para tolerância à seca em milho. A estratégia mais efetiva é a obtenção de cultivares tolerantes que possam escapar do estresse hídrico durante os períodos mais críticos da cultura, com a seleção de germoplasma que possua variabilidade genética para os caracteres adaptativos relacionados à seca.

A demanda por cultivares de milho é grande por parte dos agricultores e o mercado disponibiliza poucas cultivares que sejam adaptadas, tolerantes à seca e de alta produtividade. Um programa de Melhoramento Genético para tolerância à seca é um trabalho de médio a longo prazo, difícil por se tratar de um caráter complexo, controlado por vários genes, com grande influência do ambiente, requerendo conhecimentos multidisciplinares e um sistema confiável de experimentação de campo.

Com esse enfoque, este artigo apresenta uma revisão de tópicos sobre estratégias de melhoramento para tolerância à seca, principais caracteres e métodos de melhoramento genético utilizados, bem como um histórico dos trabalhos para a obtenção de híbridos e populações de milho visando à tolerância ao déficit hídrico do Instituto Agronômico (IAC), em Campinas, SP.
Bloqueio anestésico da fáscia do músculo reto abdominal em cães
Authors: Credie Leonardo De Freitas Guimarães Arcoverde , Mendes Juliana Caetano Félix da Silva , Corrêa Andressa Markuart , Futema Fábio
Published: August 2019

O bloqueio da bainha do músculo reto abdominal se da pela aplicaçãode um anestésico local entre as fibras do músculo reto abdominal e a fáscia ventral do mesmo,visando fornecer analgesia para cirurgias em região abdominal. Tendo em vista que a técnica do bloqueio da fáscia do músculo reto abdominal não é difundida em medicina veterinária, o presente trabalho planeja comparar a dispersão do azul de metileno, representando hipoteticamente a bupivacaína na musculatura e nos nervos da parede abdominal de cadáveres de cães com a dispersão do anestésico local em animal vivo. O estudo foi realizado primeiro em cadáver para posteriormente ser testado na rotina clínica. Na primeira etapa foram utilizados dois cadáveres de cães adultos machos, da raça Cocker Spaniel, provenientes do laboratório de anatomia veterinária do Centro Universitário São Judas Tadeu – Campus Unimonte, corando-se separadamente os dois lados do músculo reto abdominal de cada cão com solução de azul de metileno e água para injeção na proporção de 1:4, respectivamente, nos volumes totais de 10mL para o primeiro cadáver e 12mL para o segundo, em cada hemeabdômen. A segunda etapa foi realizada em um cão adulto macho, da raça Shih-Tzu, proveniente de uma clínica particular em Santos – SP, submetido a correção cirúrgica de hérnia umbilical, utilizando 10mL (2mg/kg) de Cloridrato de Bupivacaína 0,25% em cada lado do abdômen.  Ambas as soluções, tanto a solução de azul de metileno quanto a de anestésico local, obtiveram resultados semelhantes, atingindo os nervos intercostais (T10, T11 e T12), costoabdominal (T13), ílio-hipogástrico cranial (L1), ílio-hipogástrico caudal (L2), ílioinguinal (L3) e cutâneo femoral lateral (L4), bilateralmente. Com base nos resultados, sugere-se que esta técnica possa ser utilizada para analgesia de região mediana da parede abdominal em procedimentos em região abdominal cranial, abdominal média e abdominal caudal.
Produção e composição bromatológica da palhada de cultivares de milheto sob doses de nitrogênio
Authors: Nóbrega Elcivan Bento da , França Aldi Fernandes De Souza , Miyagi Eliane Sayuri , Santos Antônio Clementino dos
Published: August 2019

A palhada de milheto é boa opção como estratégia para alimentação dos ruminantes no período de escassez de forragem. Entretanto, o conhecimento da sua composição bromatológica é essencial para a formulação de dietas suplementares. Foi conduzido experimento com objetivo de avaliar a produção de massa seca, a composição bromatológica e o fracionamento de proteínas da palhada de cultivares de milheto forrageiro (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown, submetidos à adubação nitrogenada. O experimento foi em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 4 x 4, constituído dos cultivares de milheto (ADR-300; ADR-500; BRS-1501 e BN-2) e das doses de N (0; 20; 40 e 80 kg ha-1 de N, sob forma de uréia), com quatro repetições. O corte foi realizado aos 90 dias após a semeadura. Foram analisados os teores de proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), matéria seca (MS), bem como as proporções das frações proteícas. As doses de N promoveram incremento linear crescente (P<0,05) na produção de massa seca e nos teores de PB, e linear decrescente nos teores de MS. A produção média foi de 2.055,62 kg ha-1 de massa seca, os teores de PB foram semelhantes para todos os cultivares, com valor médio de 7,78% e os teores de MS diferiram entre cultivares, variando de 50,18 a 60,56% para os cultivares ADR-300 e BRS-1501, respectivamente. As doses de N não influenciaram (P>0,05) sobre os teores de FDA e FDN. Houve diferença dos teores de FDA entre os cultivares (P<0,05) variando de 36,10 a 41,91% para os cultivares ADR-300 e BN-2, respectivamente. Os teores de FDN diferiram entre os cultivares (P<0,05) sendo de 68,94% para o cultivar ADR-300 e de 77,14 para o BN-2. As frações proteícas não diferiram entre os cultivares (P>0,05) cujas médias foram de 11,85; 24,45; 52,95; 5,98 e 4,76% para as frações A, B1, B2, B3 e C, respectivamente. Foi observado efeito linear das doses de N (P<0,05) sobre as proporções da fração A.
Features of Dynamic Error Analysis in the Process of Evaluation of Metrological Reliability of Measuring Equipment
Authors: Ignatkin V.
Published: August 2019

The article discusses metrological reliability of measuring equipment (ME), argues that ME imprecision must be considered not in statics, 'out in dynamics, taking into account the change of its characteristics over time. Measurement imprecision and its components are considered as random processes that are fully characterized by multidimensional distribution. It is advisable to determine the probability of metrological measurements directly from the experiment due to the difficulties of analytical solution to the problem. The characteristics of dynamic imprecision depend on both the values of the measured object and the ME properties. The physical cause of dynamic imprecision taking place is inertia of ME, its exhaustive description relies on the use of Duamel integral, which determines the response of inertial link to the input influence. As a criterion for signal differences one can use quite different functionals, taking into account further use of measurement results, the convenience of computing, the properties or input influences, and so on. It is most expedient to use the dispersion of signal differences. To calculate the parameters of dynamic imprecision it is necessary to know the energy spectrum of the input signal. The given ratios can be used for both stationary and non-stationary processes.
The paper provides examples of using these ratios, recommendations for reducing measurement errors in each particular case.
Mathematical Models of Additional Measurement Errors of Control Means
Authors: Stentsel Y. , Porkuian O. , Litvinov K. , Sotnikova T.
Published: August 2019

Studies have shown that under industrial conditions there is rarely a correction of the current measurement result when the influencing parameter deviates from the normalized value. The existing method of determining the additional measurement error is that in order to obtain the real value of the measurement result, the correction is calculated, which leads to the current value of indexes of control means. The correction value is determined by dividing the degree of the influencing parameter deviation by the normalized value of the additional error. This method of determining the correction is not accurate enough, since it does not take into account the nonlinear dependence of the additional measurement error on the change in the influencing parameter, as well as on the current value of the output signal of control means. To determine the real value of the measured parameter and the additional error, the method of integral-type functional is proposed. The essence of the method is in determining the difference of planes under the nominal and current parts of the static characteristic, limited by the measurement range. It is shown that the planes difference depends on the current and real values of the output signal of control means, as well as on the influencing parameter deviation. The method allows calculating the real values of the measured parameter only by the output signal of control means and the current values of the influencing parameter. The dependencies between the real value of the measured parameter, the current value of the output signal of control means and the influencing parameter deviation are established.
Features of Usіng Pulse-Doppler Radars for Determіnatіon Low-Altіtude Targets
Authors: Baranov G. , Gabruk R. , Gorishna I.
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we analyzed the features of Doppler processing in radars. In ground based radars, the amount of clutter in the radar receiver depends heavily on the radar-to-target geometry. The amount clutter is considerably higher when the radar beam has to face toward the ground. Furthermore, radars employing high PRFs have to deal with an increased amount of clutter due to folding in range. Clutter introduces additional difficulties for airborne radars when detecting ground targets and other targets flying at low altitudes. This is illustrated in Fig. 10.5. Returns from ground clutter emanate from ranges equal to the radar altitude to those which exceed the slant range along the main-beam, with considerable clutter returns in the side-lobes and main-beam. The presence of such large amounts of clutter interferes with radar detection capabilities and makes it extremely difficult to detect targets in the look-down mode. This difficulty in detecting ground or low altitude targets has led to the development of pulse Doppler radars where other targets, kinematics such as Doppler effects are exploited to enhance detection. Pulse Doppler radars utilize high PRFs to increases the average transmitted power and rely on target's Doppler frequency for detection. The increase in the average transmitted power leads to an improved SNR which helps the detection process. However, using high PRFs compromise the radar's ability to detect long range target because of range ambiguities associated with high PRF applications.
Techniques such as using specialized Doppler filters to reject clutter are very effective and are often employed by pulse Doppler radars. Pulse Doppler radars can measure target Doppler frequency (or its range rate) fairly accurately and use the fact that ground clutter typically possesses limited Doppler shift when compared with moving targets to separate the two returns. Clutter filtering is used to remove both main-beam and altitude clutter returns, and fast moving target detection is done effectively by exploiting its Doppler frequency. In many modern pulse Doppler radars the limiting factor in detecting slow moving targets is not clutter but rather another source of noise referred to as phase noise generated from the receiver local oscillator instabilities.