bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of methods for cell harvesting and the biological properties at successive passages of canine bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Nishida Hidetaka , Shoji Yuki , Nakamura Michi , Hatoya Shingo , Sugiura Kikuya , Yamate Jyoji , Kuwamura Mitsuru , Kotani Takao , Nakayama Masanari , Suzuki Yoshihisa , Ide Chizuka , Inaba Toshio
Published: October 2012

Objective—To compare methods for harvesting canine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and determine the biological properties of canine BMSCs at successive passages in vitro.

Sample—BMSCs collected from the femurs of 9 Beagles.

Procedures—A fibroblast assay was performed to compare 2 methods for harvesting BMSCs: the aspiration and perfusion method. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate the cell surface markers. Changes in proliferative activity were analyzed by examining radioactivity of hydrogen 3-thymidine. Cell senescence was studied via senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, and differentiation properties (osteogenesis and adipogenesis) were estimated in association with passage.

Results—The aspiration method yielded significantly more fibroblasts than the perfusion method. The cells harvested by both methods gave positive results for CD44 and CD90 and negative results for CD34 and CD45. After induction, the cells had osteogenic and adipogenic phenotypes. The biological properties of BMSCs harvested by the aspiration method were estimated in association with passage. With increasing number of passages, the proliferative activity was reduced and the proportion of cells with senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining was increased. The capacity of differentiation was reduced at passage 3.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The aspiration method was superior for collection of BMSCs. In early passages, canine BMSCs had the proliferative activity and potential of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, but this decreased with increased number of passages. Consideration of passage will be important to the success of any strategy that seeks to regenerate tissue though the use of BMSCs.
Comparison of pharmacokinetic variables for creatinine and iohexol in dogs with various degrees of renal function
Authors: Collignon Cécile M. , Heiene Reidun , Queau Yann , Reynolds Brice S. , Craig Amanda J. , Concordet Didier , Harran Nathaniel X. , Risøen Unni , Balouka David , Faucher Mathieu R. , Eliassen Knut A. , Biourge Vincent , Lefebvre Hervé P.
Published: October 2012

Objective—To compare pharmacokinetics and clearances of creatinine and iohexol as estimates of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs with various degrees of renal function.

Animals—50 Great Anglo-Francais Tricolor Hounds with various degrees of renal function.

Procedures—Boluses of iohexol (40 mg/kg) and creatinine (647 mg/kg) were injected IV. Blood samples were collected before administration and 5 and 10 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after administration. Plasma creatinine and iohexol concentrations were assayed via an enzymatic method and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. A noncompartmental approach was used for pharmacokinetic analysis. Pharmacokinetic variables were compared via a Bland-Altman plot and an ANOVA.

Results—Compared with results for creatinine, iohexol had a significantly higher mean ± SD plasma clearance (3.4 ± 0.8 mL/min/kg vs 3.0 ± 0.7 mL/min/kg) and a significantly lower mean volume of distribution at steady state (250 ± 37 mL/kg vs 539 ± 73 mL/kg), mean residence time (80 ± 31 minutes vs 195 ± 73 minutes), and mean elimination half-life (74 ± 20 minutes vs 173 ± 53 minutes). Despite discrepancies between clearances, especially for high values, the difference was < 0.6 mL/min/kg for 34 (68%) dogs. Three dogs with a low GFR (< 2 mL/min/kg) were classified similarly by both methods.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Plasma iohexol and creatinine clearances can be used interchangeably for screening patients suspected of having chronic kidney disease (ie, low GFR), but large differences may exist for dogs with a GFR within or above the reference range.
Multipliers and Wiener-Hopf operators on weighted L p spaces
Authors: Petkova Violeta
Published: October 2012

We study multipliers M (bounded operators commuting with translations) on weighted spaces L ω p (ℝ), and establish the existence of a symbol µM for M, and some spectral results for translations S t and multipliers. We also study operators T on the weighted space L ω p (ℝ+) commuting either with the right translations S t , t ∈ ℝ+, or left translations P +S −t , t ∈ ℝ+, and establish the existence of a symbol µ of T. We characterize completely the spectrum σ(S t ) of the operator S t proving that $\sigma (S_t ) = \{ z \in \mathbb{C}:|z| \leqslant e^{t\alpha _0 } \} ,$ where α 0 is the growth bound of (S t )t≥0. A similar result is obtained for the spectrum of (P +S −t ), t ≥ 0. Moreover, for an operator T commuting with S t , t ≥ 0, we establish the inclusion
The phenomenon of super energy flows in the anisotropic left-handed material
Authors: Xu Bai , Yu Guan , Xia Li , Wang Zhi
Published: October 2012

The super energy flows generated and transmitted have been investigated in a parallel-plate waveguide, which is filled with air and the anisotropic left-handed materials. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the propagation modes of the anisotropic super waveguide are consistent with those of the isotropic waveguides [1–3]. They also show that the loss of electromagnetic parameters size of waveguide will influence the amplitude of time-average power flows.
Path integral treatment of a noncentral electric potential
Authors: Ghoumaid Ali , Benamira Farid , Guechi Larbi , Khiat Zohra
Published: October 2012

We present a rigorous path integral treatment of a dynamical system in the axially symmetric potential $V(r,\theta ) = V(r) + \tfrac{1} {{r^2 }}V(\theta ) $ . It is shown that the Green’s function can be calculated in spherical coordinate system for $V(\theta ) = \frac{{\hbar ^2 }} {{2\mu }}\frac{{\gamma + \beta \sin ^2 \theta + \alpha \sin ^4 \theta }} {{\sin ^2 \theta \cos ^2 \theta }} $ . As an illustration, we have chosen the example of a spherical harmonic oscillator and also the Coulomb potential for the radial dependence of this noncentral potential. The ring-shaped oscillator and the Hartmann ring-shaped potential are considered as particular cases. When α = β = γ = 0, the discrete energy spectrum, the normalized wave function of the spherical oscillator and the Coulomb potential of a hydrogen-like ion, for a state of orbital quantum number l ≥ 0, are recovered.
A dendrochronological analysis of Pinus pinea L. on the Italian mid-Tyrrhenian coast
Authors: Piraino Sergio , Camiz Sergio , Filippo Alfredo , Piovesan Gianluca , Spada Francesco
Published: October 2012

In order to assess the response of the radial growth of Pinus pinea L. to climatic variability in Central Italy, dendrochronological and dendroclimatological analyses were carried out on five different populations scattered along the Tyrrhenian coasts of the peninsula. The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the ecological demands of this species, particularly in the study area.

For each site total ring, early-, and late-wood width chronologies were developed.

Multidimensional analyses were performed for the three tree-ring datasets in order to analyze the relations between sites chronologies. Both Principal Component Analyses and hierarchical classifications highlighted an important difference of one site in respect to the other, probably due to site characteristics.

Correlation functions were performed to infer the main climatic factors controlling the radial growth of the species. For a comparative study, we limited our attention to the common interval 1926–2003 (78 years) in which the response of the tree-ring chronologies to climate at both local and regional scale was investigated.

Positive moisture balance in the late spring-summer period of the year of growth is the climatic driver of P. pinea radial growth in the study area. Moreover, this study shows how low summer temperatures strongly favor the radial growth of the species.
Functionalization of SBA-15 materials for the adsorption of phenols from aqueous solution
Authors: Toufaily Joumana , Koubaissy Bachar , Kafrouny Lina , Hamad Hussein , Magnoux Patrick , Ghannam Leila , Karout Ali , Hazimeh Hassan , Nemra Ghinwa , Hamieh Moustafa , Ajouz Nawal , Hamieh Tayssir
Published: October 2012

Water pollution by toxic organic compounds is a problem and demand for efficient adsorbents for the removal of toxic compounds is increasing. In the present work, we studied the functionalization of SBA-15 materials via the co-condensation between an alkoxysilane and an organoalkoxysilane in the presence of P123 as structuring agent. Several types of ligands were used: 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] aniline; aminopropyltrimethoxysilane; [aminoethylamino]-propyltrimethoxysilanes and [(2-aminoethylamino) ethylamino] propyltrimethoxysilanes. These materials exhibit BET surface area of 275–776 m2/g and total pore volume of 0.29–1 cm3/g, depending on the ligand types and contents. Elementary analysis results confirm the incorporation of both thiol and amine group in the materials. Batch adsorption studies shows that the adsorption capacity of phenol drifts on the amine and thiol functionalized SBA-15 is greater than that on pure SBA-15. A linear relationship was observed between the adsorption capacity and N/SiO2 ratio. It was shown that the presence of amine promotes interactions with water molecules, on the other hand, these results can also be explained by the basic behavior of N-functionalized materials.
Box behnken design based optimization of solar induced photo catalytic decolourization of textile dye effluent
Authors: Senthilkumar Shanmugam , Perumalsamy Muthiah , Prabhu Harinarayan , AhmedBasha Chiya , Swaminathan G.
Published: October 2012

Box-Behnken design was employed for the decolourization of synthetic dye bath effluent using solar induced photo catalytic degradation with mixed semi conductor catalysts. Four independent variables namely concentration of dye effluent, catalyst loading, pH and irradiation time was chosen as process variables. The optimum concentrations of dye effluent, catalyst dosage, pH, and irradiation time were found to be 60 mg L−1, 200 mg L−1, 7 and 100 min, respectively, for maximum decolourization of dye effluent (91.24%). Predicted values were found to be in good agreement with experimental values and as a result reflected the precision and the applicability of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) (R2=0.9785 and Adj R2= 0.9569).
Do Patients Achieve Normal Gait Patterns 3 Years After Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: Yoshida Yuri , Zeni Joseph , Snyder-Mackler Lynn
Published: October 2012

Study Design

Longitudinal cross-sectional study.

Background

In the early stages after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), quadriceps strength of the operated limb decreases and is substantially less than that of the nonoperated limb. This asymmetry in strength is related to asymmetrical movement patterns that increase reliance on the nonoperated limb. Over time, quadriceps strength in the operated limb increases but remains less than that in age-matched controls without knee pathology, whereas the quadriceps strength in the nonoperated limb gradually decreases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in quadriceps strength and function of both limbs up to 3 years after TKA and to evaluate change in interlimb kinematic and kinetic parameters over time compared to that in age-matched individuals without knee pathology.

Methods

Fourteen individuals after TKA and 14 healthy individuals matched for age, weight, height, and sex participated in the study. Outcome measures included kinematics, kinetics, quadriceps strength, and functional performance.

Results

In participants who underwent TKA, quadriceps strength was significantly different between limbs at 3 months and 1 year after TKA, but not at 3 years after TKA. In this group, there was also a significant improvement in self-reported function between 3 months and 1 year after TKA, but a significant decrease between years 1 and 3 for the physical component summary score of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. In the TKA group, there were few interlimb differences in joint kinematics and kinetics 3 years after TKA, which may be attributed to a combination of worsening in the nonoperated limb, as well as improvement in the operated limb. Differences between participants without knee pathology and those 3 years after TKA still existed for kinematic, kinetic, and spatiotemporal variables.

Conclusion

As interlimb differences in quadriceps strength decrease after TKA, there are concomitant symmetrical improvements in temporospatial and kinetic gait parameters. The symmetry 3 years after TKA in quadriceps strength is primarily the result of progressive weakness in the nonoperated limb. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(12):1039–1049, Epub 22 October 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3763
Habitat use, bed‐site selection and mortality rate in neonate fallow deerDama dama
Authors: Kjellander Petter , Svartholm Ida , Bergvall Ulrika A. , Jarnemo Anders
Published: October 2012

An understanding of mortality patterns, and especially the variation in juvenile mortality, is an important component in vertebrate population dynamics. Our study investigates, for the first time, neonate mortality and two levels of spatial behaviour, in a free‐ranging fallow deerDama damapopulation in southwestern Sweden. In the summers of 2008 and 2009, 36 fawns were marked with radio‐collars. Neonate mortality calculated by the Kaplan‐Meier method was 23.6%. Mortality caused by predation was low, since only one of eight non‐surviving fawns died from predation, probably by red foxVulpes vulpes. The spatial behaviour of the neonates was examined by habitat selection at home‐range level, which in fact is a selection made by the mother, and at bed‐site level within that habitat. Compositional analysis revealed a significant preference for arable land, pasture and coniferous forest between 5‐15 m high, compared to young forest. Selected bed sites showed significantly lower visibility and higher amount of canopy cover than random sites. Surprisingly, we did not find any relationship between canopy cover and visibility in selected bed sites while it showed a significant and negative relationship at random bed sites. We interpret this finding as while high canopy cover and low visibility covary at the habitat level, fawns seem to select these two bed‐site variables independently, perhaps for thermoregulatory reasons. Since there are few predators in our study area and predation pressure is low, this behaviour is not connected to actual survival rates in this area, but would rather be in support of the hypothesis of ‘pleiotropy’ as thermoregulatory reasons for bed‐site selection in neonate fawns might be the most important contemporary selection force in the absence of large predators.
Intra‐seasonal variation in wolf Canis lupus kill rates
Authors: Vucetich John A. , Huntzinger Brett A. , Peterson Rolf O. , Vucetich Leah M. , Hammill James H. , Beyer Dean E.
Published: October 2012

Knowing kill rate is essential for knowing the basic nature of predation. We compared estimates of kill rate for previously observed wolf‐prey systems with new observations from wolves Canis lupus which preyed on white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus in Michigan, USA. For the five packs that we studied during 2001‐2004, the mean kill rate was 0.68 kill/pack/day (∼7.7 kg/wolf/day). However, kill rates varied considerably. In particular, the coefficient of variation associated with the means was 0.55 for kills/pack/day and 0.68 for kg/wolf/day. Our analysis of previously observed kill rates also revealed a negative correlation between the duration of observation and the estimated kill rate. This correlation is the basis for showing how most published estimates of kill rate for wolves during winter tend to overestimate, by 50%, the season‐long average kill rate during winter. The negative association between duration of observation and estimated kill rate occurs, in part, because wolves are unable to maintain very high kill rates for a long time. We also document how estimates of kill rate based on ground tracking tended to be 3.3 times greater than aerial‐based estimates (2.4 vs 7.9 kg/wolf/day). Ground tracking is better able to detect multiple carcasses at one site, and better able to detect carcasses when wolves bed far from their kills. These previously undocumented biases are surprising given that wolves are so extensively studied.
Model evaluation in statistical population reconstruction
Authors: Skalski John R. , Clawson Michael V. , Millspaugh Joshua J.
Published: October 2012

Statistical population reconstruction can be a valuable tool for monitoring the status and trends of game populations at large spatial scales using age‐at‐harvest data. Despite their utility and increasing use in demographic studies, it is necessary that these models be evaluated before their results are applied. We recommend practitioners evaluate their fitted population models using a variety of approaches, including residual analyses, point‐deletion techniques and sensitivity analyses, and we illustrate these techniques using several case studies. Although we stress the value of these quantitative procedures, the final evaluation criterion should be the biological realism of the estimated demographic parameters and trends. Auxiliary field data should be used whenever possible in this final model check. After investigators are satisfied that the selected model(s) is/are adequate, this auxiliary data can be incorporated in a final stage of the analyses to further improve accuracy and precision of the population projections. The procedures we outline and recommendations we make will improve the credibility and utility of results of population reconstruction modeling.
Sex‐ and age‐structured models for Alpine ibex Capra ibex ibex population dynamics
Authors: Mignatti Andrea , Casagrandi Renato , Provenzale Antonello , von Hardenberg Achaz , Gatto Marino
Published: October 2012

Past analysis has shown that the population dynamics of Alpine ibex Capra ibex ibex are regulated by both population density and winter snow accumulation. However, recent time series of the ibex counts in the Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy, show interesting trends in comparison with historical snow data: while the winter snow depth has steadily decreased since the beginning of the 1980s, the ibex population experienced rapid growth during the 1980s and the early 1990s, followed by a strong decrease. To explain these dynamics, we built novel age‐structured population models in which demographic parameters depended on density and snow depth. They included a non‐monotonic effect of snow depth and density on the vital rates, the age and sex structure of the population, and spatial segregation between females and males. Using information criteria (AICc, BIC and SRM), we selected the best models and found that: 1) snow and density interacted in determining the demography of all population sex and age classes, thus confirming that unfavourable climatic conditions intensified the density dependence of the population, 2) the effect of snow was non‐monotonic on weaning success and rate of demographic variation of kids, which were maximal for intermediate snow depths, and 3) accounting for spatial segregation between sexes improved the fitting of the models, which suggests that the different use of space made by males and females influenced intraspecific competition. When the selected models were recalibrated using past data and used to simulate recent trends, they underestimated both the rapid growth of the 1980s‐1990s and the recent decline of the population. Using the novel sex‐ and age‐structured models, we found that the underestimation of the peak was mainly due to deficiencies of adult demography models, while the overestimation of the recent population abundance was caused by shortcomings in the models of recruitment.
Mammalian herbivores as potential seed dispersal vectors in ancient woodland fragments
Authors: Panter Christopher J. , Dolman Paul M.
Published: October 2012

Europe's remaining ancient woodland is highly fragmented and many specialist woodland plants persist as isolated relictual populations. Their apparent dispersal limitation and failure to colonise more recently established secondary woodlands may reflect a loss of vectors and mechanisms for dispersal. This is in contrast to long‐distance dispersal events evidenced both by paleoecology and some contemporary observations. Although increasing populations of deer are recognised as important dispersers of plant seeds, particularly for species with no apparent dispersal mechanism, the potential for deer to disperse ancient woodland plants has not been studied previously in the UK, where remaining ancient woodland fragments are frequently surrounded by arable landscapes. Viable seed content of 616 faecal samples collected from a guild of mammalian herbivores; red deer Cervus elaphus, fallow deer Dama dama, roe deer Capreolus capreolus, reeves' muntjac Muntiacus reevesi and brown hare Lepus europaeus, over five months and from four coppiced ancient semi‐natural woodlands in eastern England, was assessed. Following cold stratification and sowing in a controlled greenhouse, 502 seedlings of 41 species germinated. Three species, constituting just 1.8% of the total individual seedlings recorded, were characteristic of woodland habitats, including only one ancient woodland indicator species, wood speedwell Veronica montana. Germinated plant species were instead characteristic of non‐woodland habitats including grassland, arable and ruderal communities. The four most abundant species were the widespread grass common bent Agrostis capillaris, the ruderal greater plantain Plantago major and the two crop species, wheat Triticum spp. and rape Brassica napus. Mammalian herbivory in these ancient woodland fragments provided few dispersal benefits for the woodland plant community. Instead, larger free‐ranging herbivores transported large volumes of propagules of ruderal agrarian and open‐habitat species from surrounding habitats into ancient woodland fragments.
American Biblical Archaeology and Jewish Nationalism: Rabbi Nelson Glueck, the American Schools of Oriental Research and the Israeli State
Authors: Sherrard Brooke
Published: October 2012

Despite the officially neutral stance of the American Schools of Oriental Research, biblical archaeologists' political viewpoints about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict were embedded in their writings. This article examines one case study of this phenomenon by tracing the shift in Nelson Glueck's popular writings from envisioning the ancient world as replete with cultural change and hybridity to envisioning its ethnic groupings as pure and essential, and their boundaries as rigid, a change that mirrored his political shift from supporting a multicultural Palestine to supporting a Jewish ethno-national state. The final section explores the implications of Glueck's championing of Jewish-Christian unity in his role as president of Hebrew Union College and the way this ecumenism excluded those who did not fit into the ‘Judeo-Christian tradition’.
Israel, 1948 and Memoricide: The 1948 Al-‘Araqib/Negev Massacre and its Legacy
Authors: Rego Nasser
Published: October 2012

In September 1948 fourteen young and middle-aged Palestinian Bedouin men from the Naqab (Negev), most tending to fields and livestock, were rounded up on a Zionist army vehicle and driven to the abandoned home of refugee ‘Odeh al-Qawasmeh in al-‘Araqib and summarily executed. More recently, on 27 July 2010, the entire village of al-‘Araqib was demolished by Israeli security forces in what locals have termed ‘the new Nakba’. This article attempts to construct an ‘authentic history' around al-‘Araqib by linking the ‘cleansing’ operations in 1948 and those in 2010, by weaving together native accounts and silences in the historical record. It challenges contemporary historiography's tendency to discount native testimony and to banalise violence in this case of ‘ongoing colonialism’. By drawing in the example of the political persecution of a local activist attempting to construct such an authentic history, the article draws attention to the various currents that aim at effecting a memoricide of al-‘Araqib.
Rh(III)-catalyzed directed C–H bond amidation of ferrocenes with isocyanates
Authors: Takebayashi Satoshi , Shizuno Tsubasa , Otani Takashi , Shibata Takanori
Published: October 2012

[RhCp*(OAc)2(H2O)] [Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl] catalyzed the C–H bond amidation of ferrocenes possessing directing groups with isocyanates in the presence of 2 equiv/Rh of HBF4·OEt2. A variety of disubstituted ferrocenes were prepared in high yields, or excellent diastereoselectivities.
Influence of different technological-environmental parameters on the evolution of resistance of concrete, produced in the Province of Valencia
Authors: Cánoves J. , Calvet V. , Benlloch J. , Díez R.
Published: October 2012

In this article on the basis of analysis of the influence of different technological-environmental parameters, such as the type of cement, water/cement ratio, initial curing temperature, time of conservation work, content of cement, additions, additives and consistency in the evolution of the concrete compressive strength, obtained a calculation equations and some graphs to estimate the resistance evolution of the concrete HA-25/B/20/IIa and HA-30/B/20/IIa from 3 to 28 days for each initial temperature curing interval specified and for the sample of concrete. So are based on 67.782 data of different compressive strength of prepared concrete in the province of Valencia during the years 1996 to 2011, that has allowed to compare the equations obtained from regression with a significant database.
Le discours et la matérialité de ses artefacts
Authors: Krippendorff Klaus , Bahroun Allan , Candel Étienne
Published: October 2012

Klaus Krippendorff, représentant majeur du courant cybernétique et du constructivisme social, propose dans cet article une théorie du discours susceptible de prendre en compte la matérialité des artefacts, de la dimension signifiante des textes et du mouvement de réinterprétation dont ils font l’objet. En mettant en évidence la façon dont la linguistique, l’analyse conversationnelle, l’analyse de discours et l’analyse de contenu négligent une part essentielle des discours sociaux, l’auteur propose de repenser le discours comme une réalité qui s’auto-contraint, à partir de cinq éléments constitutifs : les artefacts qu’il produit, les communautés de praticiens qui le font vivre, les pratiques récurrentes qu’il institue, les frontières qu’il trace et son pouvoir de justification. Cette analyse débouche sur une reformulation de la relation entre discours et réalité qui se détache d’une conception représentationnelle pour se fonder sur une pragmatique de l’ affordance , qui permet de comprendre comment les discours et leurs praticiens s’adaptent à différents environnements et entrent en contact avec des discours autres.
La dématérialisation comme délocalisation du contexte interprétatif
Authors: Després-Lonnet Marie
Published: October 2012

Qu’elles les nomment visite virtuelle ou parcours de découverte, les institutions culturelles proposent fréquemment à leurs visiteurs de visualiser les œuvres qu’elles détiennent par le biais de leurs sites Web. Ces présentations jouent sur le rapport à l’espace et sur le déplacement pour permettre au visiteur de feuilleter les collections ainsi mises en scène et mises en textes. L’analyse de quelques propositions permettra de revenir sur les liens entre attribution de sens et pratique effective ou symbolique d’un lieu, puis de montrer que l’organisation intellectuelle et technique de ces visites repose sur la textualisation de pratiques et de savoirs détenus par différents acteurs qui ne sont pas nécessairement ceux qui conçoivent les visites in situ . Ce qui n’est pas sans conséquence sur la manière dont les collections sont données à voir.
Continuer le Festival d’Avignon
Authors: Malinas Damien , Pourquier-Jacquin Stéphanie , Pamart Émilie , Roth Raphaël
Published: October 2012

Lieu de l’incarnation du mythe du théâtre populaire, le festival d’Avignon, créé en 1947 par Jean Vilar, suscite encore toutes les questions relatives aux publics. S’il n’y a pas à proprement parler d’auteur(s) du festival d’Avignon, son dispositif et sa forme se pérennisent, évoluent et continuent de rencontrer l’adhésion du public. De fait, comprendre la « fonction-auteur » du festival d’Avignon nécessite d’interroger cette croyance et les différents niveaux d’adhésion qu’il implique. C’est ce que propose de faire cette contribution dans un premier temps avant de décrire dans ses évolutions le fonctionnement du mythe « Avignon » puis d’analyser comment Avignon a assigné une place singulière à l’expérience festivalière et comment celle-ci définit ce que signifie « faire le festival ».
Experience of quality management system in a clinical laboratory in Nigeria
Authors: Audu Rosemary A. , Sylvester-Ikondu Ugochukwu , Onwuamah Chika K. , Salu Olumuyiwa B. , Ige Fehintola A. , Meshack Emily , Aniedobe Maureen , Amoo Olufemi S. , Okwuraiwe Azuka P. , Okhiku Florence , Okoli Chika L. , Fasela Emmanuel O. , Odewale Ebenezer O. , Aleshinloye Roseline O. , Olatunji Micheal , Idigbe Emmanuel O.
Published: October 2012

Issues: Quality-management systems (QMS) are uncommon in clinical laboratories in Nigeria, and until recently, none of the nation’s 5 349 clinical laboratories have been able to attain the certifications necessary to begin the process of attaining international accreditation. Nigeria’s Human Virology Laboratory (HVL), however, began implementation of a QMS in 2006, and in 2008 it was determined that the laboratory conformed to the requirements of ISO 9001:2000 (now 2008), making it the first diagnostic laboratory to be certified in Nigeria. The HVL has now applied for the World Health Organization (WHO) accreditation preparedness scheme. The experience of the QMS implementation process and the lessons learned therein are shared here.Description: In 2005, two personnel from the HVL spent time studying quality systems in a certified clinical laboratory in Dakar, Senegal. Following this peer-to-peer technical assistance, several training sessions were undertaken by HVL staff, a baseline assessment was conducted, and processes were established. The HVL has monitored its quality indicators and conducted internal and external audits; these analyses (from 2007 to 2009) are presented herein.Lessons learned: Although there was improvement in the pre-analytical and analytical indicators analysed and although data-entry errors decreased in the post-analytical process, the delay in returning laboratory test results increased significantly. There were several factors identified as causes for this delay and all of these have now been addressed except for an identified need for automation of some high-volume assays (currently being negotiated). Internal and external audits showed a trend of increasing non-conformities which could be the result of personnel simply becoming lax over time. Application for laboratory accreditation, however, could provide the renewed vigour needed to correct these non-conformities.Recommendation: This experience shows that sustainability of the QMS at present is a cause for concern. However, the tiered system of accreditation being developed by WHO–Afro may act as a driving force to preserve the spirit of continual improvement.
Christ Apostolic Church women in dialogue with 1 Corinthians 14:34�36
Authors: Folarin George O. , Afolabi Stephen O.
Published: October 2012

The command for women to be silent in church worship in 1 Corinthians 14 has generated much debate. After examining the controversies, this article has adopted the view that the sanction in verses 34�35 was a punishment for certain local offences of the female Christians in Corinth. The contention of the article is that interpretations of the text which criticise women �talking to the congregation� when under inspiration in worship services, and which universalise such local rules are unfair. The article attempts to correct the sexist interpretation of 1 Corinthians 14:34�36 by re-interpreting the text in the context of women founding new assemblies, preaching, teaching, and leading congregational prayers in the Christ Apostolic Church (CAC), a Nigerian initiated Pentecostal denomination.
Traumatismos Transmediastinales Por Arma de Fuego
Authors: Barillaro Guillermo , Saint-Genez Patricio , Gatica Sandra , Ferrer Enrique , Pomar Jose Gil
Published: October 2012

Los traumatismos transmediastinales por arma de fuego (TTMAF) plantean el desafi o de decidir rapidamente que pacientes requieren cirugia inmediata y en quienes puede realizarse un tratamiento no operatorio(TNO) El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el uso de un algoritmo de manejo de estas lesiones.

Métodos

Revision de historias clinicas.

Resultado

Fueron asistidos 29 pacientes con un algoritmo de diagnostico y tratamiento que incluyo dos etapas. La primer etapa con valoracion clinica, radiografi a de torax, ecografi a pericardica y control del drenaje pleural, y una segunda etapa con tomografi a computada helicoidal (TAC) y eventualmente con otros estudios. Requirieron toracotomia amplia en el ingreso 20 pacientes: 15 descompensados hemodinamicamente (13 fallecidos) y 5 normales hemodinamicamente con ecografi a con derrame pericardico o debito del drenaje pleural mayor a 1000 cc (1 fallecido). Los 9 pacientes restantes de la serie solo requirieron en el ingreso drenajes pleurales y accedieron a la segunda etapa del algoritmo con TAC mediastinal. Esta no mostro lesiones en mediastino en 4 y fue dudosa en los otros 5,en quienes se complemento con arteriografi a y endoscopia esofagica o de via aerea; estos 9 pacientes recibieron fi nalmente TNO ,con buena evolucion y sin lesiones desapercibidas.

Conclusiones

Los pacientes descompensados requirieron toracotomia amplia en el ingreso con una elevada mortalidad, mientras que dos tercios de los pacientes normales hemodinamicamente pudieron recibir TNO sin lesiones desapercibidas ni mortalidad. Este algoritmo de manejo resulto efectivo, pero requiere de disponibilidad de TAC y de todo tipo de estudios complementarios para posibilitar un TNO seguro en casos seleccionados.
Resecciones y Suturas en el Trauma Intestinal Contuso
Authors: Paredes O , Madelaire L , Domínguez J Est
Published: October 2012

En un estudio observacional retrospectivo de corte transverso de un grupo de pacientes con diagnóstico de lesión intestinal en traumatismo abdominal cerrado; operados en el Servicio de Emergencias Médicas de Asunción—Paraguay se concluyó que:

La contusión abdominal puede requerir procedimientos de sutura y-o C ya por su apertura a cavidad abdominal libre o por comprometimiento de los vasos mesentéricos.

En contusiones abdominales asociadas a lesión intestinal es más probable la lesión del intestino delgado que del colon.

La mortalidad de la serie está mayormente asociada a complicaciones de lesiones no intestinales.
Aplicación de Ventana Pericárdica Subxifoidea en Traumas de Tórax Abiertos en Pacientes de Sala de Urgencias del Centro de Emergencias Médicas
Authors: Alviso Anna Fiorella Daiub , Romero Marcos Federico Mieres , Patiño Romina Elizabeth Galeano
Published: October 2012

Objetivos

Determinar la frecuencia de la aplicación diagnóstica de la ventana pericárdica en pacientes con traumatismos torácicos abiertos (TTA) del Centro de Emergencias Médicas (CEM) y; comparar la exactitud de la ventana pericárdica subxifoidea (VPS) en el diagnóstico de patologías post traumáticas torácicas respecto a métodos no invasivos (Ecopericardio - EP).

Materiales y métodos

Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo que abarca los meses de Enero a Diciembre del año 2010 y los meses de Enero a Mayo del año 2011. Se analizaron durante el periodo de estudio un total de 26 pacientes con traumatismo torácico abierto y aplicación de VPS. Se acudió a los registros de sala de Cirugía del CEM, de manera que el estudio se sustenta en información de fuente secundaria, utilizándose métodos de representación estadística.

Resultados

De 322 casos de trauma torácico abierto, 26 casos con ecopericardio indeterminado (8,07%) fueron analizados. De tales casos y utilizando como método diagnóstico secundario la VPS, 22 resultaron positivos (84,61%) evitando lesiones cardíacas severas con posible derivación fatal en éstas y toracotomías innecesarias en las restantes 4 personas (15,39%).

Conclusión

La aplicación diagnóstica de Ventana Pericardica Subxifoidea (VPS) es la forma más sensible y específi ca de determinar lesiones cardiacas con compromisos vitales ante una prueba diagnóstica no invasiva (ecopericardio) con resultado no concluyente.
Relation between Prevention to Trauma and Family Income on Infant Population of Curitiba, Brazil
Authors: Blauth Fernando Gioppo , Calixto Allysson , Damazio Amanda , Rodrigues Marino Miloca , Beltrão Claudio Jose , Von Bahten Luiz Carlos
Published: October 2012

Background

Trauma prevention made in the childhood presents great effectiveness for it is in this age that habits and values of safety and citizenship are created. This research intends to analyze which preventive measures are more frequently adopted by the parents of 0 to 12-year-old children and find the relation between prevention and family income.

Study design

For data collection we handed questionnaires to the parents of children studying in public and private schools in Curitiba-PR, Brasil. The information obtained was analyzed by the programs Epi Info® and Excel®.

Results

A total of 609 questionnaires were analyzed 291 children (47.8%) were female and 318 (52.2%) were male. From the total, 604 (99.2%) declared to take at least one preventive measure. The most common measures were: 'leaving the handle of the pan inward the stove' with 562 (92.28%), 'wearing seat belt' with 560 (91.95%) and 'leaving medicines and chemical products out of reach' with 541 (88.83%). The parents marked on the questionnaires which measures they adopted with their children out of a list with eight examples. Families with the income of 1 minimum wage (MW) had an average of 2.92 marked options; with the income of 1 to 3 MWs an average of 3.6; 3 to 6 MWs an average of 4.73; 6 to 10 MWs average of 4.91 and above 10 MWs average of 5.31.

Discussion

Even though most of the families used at least one kind of preventive measure with their children, the family income has marked influence on the amount and type of adopted measures.

How to cite this article

Blauth FG, Calixto A, Damazio A, Rodrigues MM, Beltrão CJ, Bahten LCV. Relation between Prevention to Trauma and Family Income on Infant Population of Curitiba, Brazil. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2012;1(2):106-109.
Fatores Relacionados aos Óbitos em Vítimas de Trauma Fechado com Probabilidade de Sobrevivência Estimada Superior a 75%
Authors: Kaiser CR , Silva DV , Parreira JG , Assef JC , Margarido AC
Published: October 2012

Introdução

O estudo dos óbitos evitáveis traz importantes informações para melhoria do atendimento e prevenção de novos eventos adversos. Os óbitos em doentes com TRISS superior a 75% precisam ser analisados com cautela, pois podem ser considerados como evitáveis caso os fatores envolvidos não justifi quem a evolução desfavorável.

Objetivo

Identificar fatores relacionados às mortes ocorridas em vítimas de trauma fechado com probabilidade de sobrevivência estimada superior a 75%.

Metodologia

Análise retrospectiva de protocolos de atendimento em trauma, coletados em junho de 2008 a setembro de 2009. Foram incluídas na amostra todas as vítimas de trauma fechado, com idade superior a 13 anos e com informações que permitiram o cálculo do TRISS (mecanismo, idade, RTS e ISS) e cuja probabilidade de sobrevivência era superior a 75%.

Resultados

Do total, 3142 (98,6%) dos pacientes apresentaram valores superiores a 75%. O principal mecanismo de trauma encontrado foi acidente de motocicleta (25%). Vinte e cinco pacientes (0,8%) foram a óbito, principalmente em virtude de trauma cranioencefálico (56%). Os doentes que morreram apresentaram, signifi cativamente, maior média de AIS em região cefálica (3,32 vs 0,57), do AIS em tórax (0,68 vs 0,10), e do ISS (22,1 vs 4,22), bem como menor média de RTS (7,41 vs 7,78). Houve dois óbitos considerados como claramente evitáveis. No primeiro, uma vítima de trauma craniencefálico desenvolveu broncopneumonia após broncoaspiração. No segundo, houve obstrução da cânula orotraqueal por rolha em um doente com trauma torácico grave que desenvolveu encefalopatia anóxica.

Conclusão

Os óbitos em traumatizados com TRISS acima de 75% estão associados principalmente a idade avançada, trauma craniencefálico e trauma torácico grave, principalmente quando ocorrem infecções pulmonares na evolução.
Prevenção ao Trauma e Atendimento de Qualidade: Uma Década de Liga Acadêmica do Trauma no Hospital do Trabalhador – UFPR (Curitiba-PR, Brasil)
Authors: Nasr Adonis , Collaço Iwan Augusto , Talini Carolina , Neves Giana Caroline Strack , Domingos Micheli Fortunato , Reis Phillipe Geraldo Teixeira de Abreu
Published: October 2012

Introdução

Ligas Acadêmicas são grupos formados e geridos por alunos da graduação sob supervisão e orientação de profi ssionais vinculados à Instituição de Ensino ou Hospitais. Além de aulas, cursos, atividades de pesquisa e assistência, é importante a inserção dos alunos na comunidade, por meio de atividades educativas, preventivas ou de promoção à saúde. A conscientização da população e profi ssionais acerca da magnitude da “doença trauma” é fundamental para que o atendimento prestado tenha cada vez mais qualidade e efi cácia e é este o papel de uma Liga do Trauma.

Relato de experiência

As atividades começaram com a fundação do serviço de atendimento ao trauma no Hospital do Trabalhador (HT). Os acadêmicos se reuniam informalmente para expandir as atividades para além do Pronto Socorro (PS), e há 10 anos se organizaram em uma Liga Acadêmica (LiAT), intensifi cando suas atividades. Foram organizadas campanhas de prevenção de acidentes, congressos, cursos de emergência, cursos de integração para acadêmicos do PS, além de 294 reuniões acadêmicas com aulas temáticas. A produção científi ca é marcante, tendo aproximadamente 90 apresentações de trabalhos em congressos e 15 publicações em revistas de cirurgia e de trauma, além de um manual para procedimentos em PS e um guia de bolso para acadêmicos.

Conclusão

A presença da LiAT ao longo da estruturação do PS-HT vem sendo fundamental para garantir um atendimento de qualidade às vítimas de trauma, realizar prevenção ampla aos acidentes de trânsito com conscientização da população e desenvolver atividades junto à comunidade.
Gunshot Wound to the Box: A Threat even on a Stable Patient
Authors: Ferrada Paula A , Parrish Dan W
Published: October 2012

Context

Penetrating trauma to the thoracic cavity can result in immediate or delayed injuries to the heart. These injuries include among others contusion of the cardiac muscle, and laceration of the coronary arteries resulting on ischemia. Although, nonoperative management is a tempting option on a stable patient; close monitoring is guaranteed after this type of injury regardless of the initial vital signs.

Case report

We describe a case of a gunshot wound on a stable patient that was found to have blunt cardiac injury by the bullet. In the previous workup the missile appeared not to be penetrating the cardiac structures.

Conclusion

Awareness of this rare injury may provide a more rapid diagnosis, thereby preventing potentially catastrophic outcomes.

How to cite this article

Ferrada PA, Parrish DW. Gunshot Wound to the Box: A Threat even on a Stable Patient. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2012;1(2):137-138.
Real-time, controlled OH-initiated oxidation of biogenic secondary organic aerosol
Authors: Slowik J. G. , Wong J. P. S. , Abbatt J. P. D.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. The chemical complexity of atmospheric organic aerosol (OA) requires novel methods for characterization of its components and description of its atmospheric processing-induced transformations. We present the first field deployment of the Toronto Photooxidation Tube (TPOT), a field-deployable flow reactor for the controlled exposure of ambient aerosol to OH radicals. The system alternates between sampling of (1) (unreacted) ambient aerosol, (2) aerosol exposed to UV light and subjected to a ~4 to 10 °C temperature increase, and (3) aerosol that is oxidized by OH (in addition to the aforementioned UV exposure/temperature increase). This allows both characterization of the aging process and classification of aerosol in terms of its volatility and reaction-based properties. Summertime measurements by an aerosol mass spectrometer coupled to the TPOT were performed in the remote forest of western Canada, resulting in aerosol dominated by biogenic secondary organic aerosol. Volatilization/UV exposure resulted in an approximately 10 to 25% decrease in organic mass and resulted in a slight increase in oxygenation. OH oxidation resulted in a further organic mass decrease (additional ~25%) and yielded an aerosol with O:C values comparable to those characteristic of low volatility, highly oxygenated OA. Most OH-induced changes occurred within ~3 day-equivalents of atmospheric processing, with further reactions generally proceeding at a greatly reduced rate. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of the TPOT data yielded five factors. One factor is related to primary biomass burning organic aerosol, while the others describe oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) components in terms of reactivity and volatility: (1) volatile and reactive; (2) non-volatile and reactive; (3) non-volatile and reactive early-generation product; (4) non-volatile and non-reactive product. This PMF classification of aerosol components directly in terms of reactivity and volatility is enabled by the TPOT-modulated perturbation of aerosol composition, and is not otherwise accessible. The particle-phase reaction end products have mass spectra similar to the low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA) factors widely reported in the literature, providing supporting evidence for aged organic aerosol formation from OH-driven oxidation processes.
Tropical convective transport and the Walker circulation
Authors: Hosking J. S. , Russo M. R. , Braesicke P. , Pyle J. A.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. We introduce a methodology to visualise rapid vertical and zonal tropical transport pathways. Using prescribed sea-surface temperatures in four monthly model integrations for 2005, we characterise preferred transport routes from the troposphere to the stratosphere in a high resolution climate model. Most efficient transport is modelled over the Maritime Continent (MC) in November and February, i.e., boreal winter. In these months, the ascending branch of the Walker Circulation over the MC is formed in conjunction with strong deep convection, allowing fast transport into the stratosphere. In the model the upper tropospheric zonal winds associated with the Walker Circulation are also greatest in these months in agreement with ERA-Interim reanalysis data. We conclude that the Walker circulation plays an important role in the seasonality of fast tropical transport from the lower and middle troposphere to the upper troposphere and so impacts at the same time the potential supply of surface emissions to the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and subsequently to the stratosphere.