bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for Development of Risk Identification Expert System for Product Design
Authors: Grubisic Viviane V.F.  , Macedo Jade C.
Published: February 2025

Product development projects present numerous uncertainties that lead to risks, especially in the design phase of the product which involves qualitative, abstract and insufficient information about the problem and the product that is the object of development. Risk management in product design consists of a formal and systematic management process which aims to identify, analyze, treat, monitor and control risks related to their activities and tools. Expert system is an artificial intelligence based system that simulates the judgment and behavior of a human with expert knowledge and experience in a particular field. It contains a knowledge base system with accumulated experience and a set of rules. This article aims to provide guidelines for the development of an expert system for the risk identification phase in product design. It also approaches a risk management methodology with focus on the risk identification that has been already developed and assisted to product design. This paper concludes with a partial and general conceptual vision of the expert system to be developed.
An Exploratory Study of the Implementation Process of the FMEA Method in the Product Development Process of Companies
Authors: Giacomin Marcio Luiz  , Forcellini Fernando Antonio
Published: February 2025

This study aims to evidence problematic aspects for the implantation of FMEA method (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) in the Products Development Process (PDP) of industries. The technical procedures used were literature review and action research, besides the implantation of FMEA method in a big company of metal-mechanic industry. The research offers a synthesis of various experiences about the implantation of design methods in the industry, rescuing values of human wisdom that previously had not received great attention. The main result of this research is an implantation process of FMEA method, consisting of main stages, results and recommendations to help companies to use the methods for technological innovation and increase the competitiveness.
Offshore Wind Turbine Life-Cycle-Cost Evaluation in Taiwan Under Impacts of Maintenance and Harsh Weather Conditions
Authors: Nguyen Thi Anh Tuyet  , Chou Shuo-Yan  , Yu Tiffany Hui-Kuang
Published: February 2025

Advances in technology have promoted offshore wind energy being one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Offshore wind farms are usually positioned in an opened space far away from the seashore where the wind is strong enough to generate electricity effectively and reliably. However, due to location characteristic hard–to–reach, the operation and maintenance cost of the offshore wind farms are high and the economic evaluation is uncertain. A huge number of researches about offshore wind energy have emerged recently in response to these issues. However, the researches considering the effects of various influential parameters to access the reliability of offshore wind turbine remain small and still limited, especially the parameters related to the dynamic weather conditions such as real-time utilization under typhoon and flood impacts. This paper proposes an approach to analyze the life–cycle–cost of the offshore wind turbines under maintenance scenarios and environmental influences, with the support of probabilities distribution method. The electricity generated by the offshore wind turbine is calculated based on the real weather conditions collected in a variety of locations throughout Taiwan such that the proposed life–cycle–cost model is more reliable and accurate than the conventional approaches. The results show that Typhoon and Maintenance cost occur 4.2% and 19.6% respectively. Moreover, offshore wind energy is an excellent environmental solution with high economic benefit on sites where the wind resource is abundant.
Simulation of Crash Tests for Electrically Propelled Flying Exploratory Autonomous Robot
Authors: Wąsik Mateusz  , Skarka Wojciech
Published: February 2025

The need for continuous technical development brings fresh innovatory solutions and at the same time indicates new trends. For years, common applied solutions have not been adequate enough to the newly established and evolving needs. Furthermore, the global development brings new challenges and needs for the aviation propulsions. An example of such a problem can be particularly noticeable in recent years, with the growing popularity of remotely controlled, small flying objects, commonly called drones, which designated new opportunities in the field of aviation, as well as become a source of new needs. An unusual challenge is the application of a drone in extremely difficult weather conditions or surrounding conditions causing its multiple and relatively strong bounce off the obstacles that may occur while using the drone to inspect ventilation ducts, in confined areas with a large number of installations, in dense forest conditions or in space with strong turbulent atmospheric conditions. In such cases it is not possible to avoid multiple collisions with various obstacles. It is necessary to design drone and its drive so that such collisions will not damage the flying object and moreover that maintenance of the full control of the drone will be possible. As the answer to those needs a drone was designed with a passive protection system. To protect against the collision consequences, the static parts of the drone—the power supply, controllers, motors and extension devices as well as the rotating parts—propellers are covered outwardly with a protection shield. In this paper the behaviour of the protection system of flying autonomous robot's propulsion during collision with perfectly rigid obstacle was checked. The performed numerical crash analysis simulates probable collision situations in operating conditions specific for the researched drone.
Automated Producibility Assessment Enabling Set-Based Concurrent Engineering
Authors: Heikkinen Tim  , Stolt Roland  , Elgh Fredrik  , Andersson Petter
Published: February 2025

The aero-engine industry is continuously faced with new challenging cost and environmental requirements. This forces company's, active in the industry, to work toward more fuel efficient engines with less environmental impact at a lower cost. This paper presents a method for assessing producibility of large sets of components within aircraft engines to enable a Set-Based Concurrent Engineering development approach. A prototype system has been developed aimed at enabling weldability analysis at a sub-supplier within the aero-engine industry. It is a part of a multi-objective decision support tool used in early design stages. The tool produces sets of CAD-models reaching the hundreds for different analyses, mainly focusing on performance aspects within structural analysis, aerodynamics and thermodynamics.
Surface Elasticity Effect on the Dynamic Behavior of a Nanowire-Loaded Resonator
Authors: Xie Jiemin  , Hu Yuantai
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a transdisciplinary research of an electromechanical quartz crystal resonator (QCR) with consideration of surface elasticity effect of nanowires (NWs) loading arrays, which crosses boundaries of mechanics and electricity, and links macro and nano technologies. The governing equations of NWs are derived from the Timoshenko beam theory in consideration of shear deformation. The electrical admittance is described directly in terms of the physical properties of the surface NWs from an electrically forced vibration analysis. The results will be helpful to the design of nanosized beams loaded acoustic wave sensors and some related applications.
A Framework for Capturing and Applying Design Knowledge in Complex Systems
Authors: Schmidt Juliana  , Borsato Milton  , Hinckel Edmar  , Maccari Fabio  , Storrer Paulo  , Onofre Eduardo
Published: February 2025

The large amount of available design information from different areas has become common in most organizations. Under these conditions, there are difficulties in sharing and reusing knowledge, especially by the fact that this knowledge is available within the company in different formats and locations. Due to this, design engineers often fail to use such information. To ensure a better use, it is important to organize and integrate the available knowledge in a collaborative manner. In this context, the Knowledge-based Engineering (KBE) approach can be associated. Through KBE concepts, the current study aims to develop a set of tools for assisting decision making, by storing and providing useful information in a timely manner. Such solution should meet the needs of its users (i.e. designers), as well as improve the quality of design activities along the Product Development Process (PDP). For this study, still under development, the following steps have been adopted: (a) delimitation of action scope (i.e. steps of PDP to be focused); (b) knowledge capture; (c) knowledge structuring through ontologies; (d) standardization; (e) development of rules; (f) creation of application solutions; and (g) performance evaluation of solutions. The application of the present proposal is expected to facilitate the access to information, significantly reduce the number of Engineering Change Requests (ECR's), as well as allow acquired knowledge to be used in subsequent projects (e.g. lessons learned).
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Neuronal Infection Elicits Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in in vitro and in vivo Mice Models
Authors: Otth Carola  , Leyton Luis  , Salamin Marukel  , Acuña-Hinrichsen Francisca  , Martin Carolina  , Concha Margarita I.
Published: February 2025

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus able to establish a persistent latent infection in the host. Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is associated with a high mortality rate and significant neurological, neuropsychological, and neurobehavioral sequelae, which afflict patients for life. Currently, it is unclear whether asymptomatic recurrent reactivations of HSV-1 occur in the central nervous systems in infected people, and if these events could lead to a progressive deterioration of neuronal function. In this context, HSV-1 constitutes an important candidate to be included among the risk factors for the development of Alzheimer's disease. Our group have demonstrated that HSV-1 triggers neurodegenerative events in in vitro and in vivo induced neuronal infection, evidenced by increase in tau hyperphosphorylation and caspase-3 dependent cleavage of tau protein, resembling what occurs in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, in an in vivo model, a reactivation episode during asymptomatic latency of HSV-1 infection in mice was accompanied by upregulation of neuroinflammatory markers (toll-like receptor-4, interferon/&bgr;, and p-IRF3). Besides, previous reports have shown that HSV-1 inhibits apoptosis during early infection, but is pro-apoptotic during productive infection. Taking in consideration that the stress sensors AMPK and Sirt1 are involved in neuronal survival and neuroprotection, we hypothesized that HSV-1 could activate the AMPK/Sirt1 axis as a strategy to establish latency through inhibition of apoptosis and restoration of the energy status. Thus, we demonstrated that HSV-1 modulates the AMPK/Sirt1 axis differentially during infection, interfering with pro-apoptotic signaling and regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, pivotal processes in the lifetime of neurons in the central nervous system. In conclusion, our findings support the idea that HSV-1 could contribute to induce neurodegenerative processes in age-associated pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease.
Living on the Edge: Ukraine's Ambiguous War on Corruption
Authors: Bratu Roxana
Published: February 2025

This article argues that anti-corruption is not just a set of technical tools, but a complex political exercise in modernisation that mobilises key resources and different categories of actors. It shows that, historically, the international community's concern with good governance in Ukraine has been materialised in the form of numerous anti-corruption conditions attached to transnational aid flows. Despite important improvements at institutional levels, the local practices and everyday routines have not changed fundamentally. The article develops a more nuanced explanation of the new “war on corruption” in Ukraine by focusing on three main elements: actors, institutions, and practices of anti-corruption.
Data Fusion and Response Management
Authors: Steinberg Alan N.
Published: February 2025

We examine and extend the formal duality of data fusion with response management. This builds on the well-known estimation/control duality and the duality discovered by Bowman between data association and planning. We extend this duality to the partitioning of classes of applications and, specifically to classes of state variables to be estimated or controlled. Management can involve any degree of influence, just as fusion can involve any degree of information quality. “Managed” entities can differ enormously in their controllability and therefore in the degree to which they can be considered to be “resources.” This is why we use the term response management rather than resource management in this paper's title: resource is often a fuzzy concept. The fusion/management duality extends beyond functionality to encompass processing architectures, classes of outputs, and inference methods.
Detailed Application Characterization and Its Use for Effective Co-Scheduling
Authors: Breitbart Jens  , Weidendorfer Josef
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the cost for power consumption in HPC systems has become a relevant factor. In addition, most applications running on supercomputers achieve only a fraction of a system's peak performance. It has been demonstrated that co-scheduling applications can improve overall system utilization and energy efficiency. Co-scheduling here means that more than one job is executed simultaneously on the same nodes of a system. However, applications being co-scheduled need to fulfill certain criteria such that mutual slowdown is kept at a minimum. We observe that with threads from different applications running on individual cores of the same multi-core processors, any influence mainly is due to sharing the memory hierarchy.
Identifying Terrorists in Cyber Space: Evaluating the Potential Role of Emerging Radical Technologies and Technology Disruption in Terrorism Foresight
Authors: Kaivo-Oja Jari
Published: February 2025

The presentation focuses on the future challenges of identifying terrorists in cyber space. In the presentation special attention is paid to new available technologies, which help in the identification process. Author notes that disruptive technologies can be double-edged sword, as cyber terrorists can use the new disruptive technologies. Author first presents background theories of terrorist profiling and identification with special attention to geographical, behavioral, and sociological aspects. In the second phase, author evaluates the potential role of emerging radical and disruptive technologies in the identification process of individual terrorists and terrorist groups. Author also presents key systemic aspects of terrorism foresight paying special attention to advanced weak signal analysis and Wild Card methodology. WE-WI-analysis (weak signal-wild card analysis) can be helpful in operational risk identification, risk assessment, and risk mitigation. Author presents various models which are relevant for terrorism foresight.
Anticipate with Foresight and Be Prepared for the Unexpected
Authors: von Reibnitz Ute Hélène
Published: February 2025

This exposé shows how foresight and creativity methods can help to pre-detect terrorist attacks and how to prevent them. The focus is on various methodologies helping to imagine what might happen and how to be ahead of terrorists' ideas, visions and aims.
Terrorism and the Internet: Finding a Profile of the Islamic “Cyber Terrorist”
Authors: Mele Stefano
Published: February 2025

The number of terrorist attacks that have brought about bloodshed and left a mark on recent history have spotlighted once again the need to stem the attempts by terrorist organizations to conduct attacks within the EU, forestalling the intentions of the martyrs-to-be. The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is undoubtedly the terrorist group that, more than others, has taken advantage of Internet, not only as a tactical means of coordination, but also as a tool to carry out proselytism, recruitment, propaganda, and fundraising. As one could imagine, constantly monitoring the Internet for these activities is an extremely complex and time-consuming activity, requiring a huge amount of money and manpower, and resulting in very poor – and only temporary – outcomes. To stem this rapidly spreading phenomenon, it can be useful to focus the attention of decision-makers, intelligence and law enforcement on a possible profile of a “cyber terrorist”.
Italian Foreign Terrorist Fighters: A Quantitative Analysis of Radicalization Risk Factors
Authors: Boncio Alessandro
Published: February 2025

The Italian jihadist scene, with its fluid profile and features, has been analyzed on different occasions by academics and experts. Their publications however, followed a qualitative approach; apart from some real case analysis, there is a vacuum in the quantitative research that needs to be filled.
Profiling Violent Actions Through Values – An Analysis of the Mindset of People Justifying Violence, MENA Region in Comparison
Authors: Puranen Bi  , Welander Frej
Published: February 2025

Terrorism always includes an element of violent behavior, whereas extremism does not necessarily entail the use of violence. Violent extremism, however, is difficult to distinguish from terrorism. The question at focus in this presentation is if acceptance of violence towards other people can be explained by security related values, religion and/or certain self-reported personality traits. The security related values used in this analysis were divided into how people in the MENA region perceived local versus state security. In a second step, the importance of religion was analyzed, and in the final step, an attempt to analyze psychological factors was made. The data used are World Values Survey (WVS) 6th wave, 2010–2015. In this last wave, 85,000 people have been interviewed. About 67% of the respondents answered that violence can never be justifiable. In the profiling process, only 2.3% scored 8–10, indicating that violence is almost always justifiable. Because the WVS consists of a large dataset with global coverage, enabling analyses on an individual level, it is possible to obtain a random selection (probability samples) with enough respondents having preferences reflecting violent values (n = 2933). The focus of the presentation was to shed light on some basic characteristics of people prone to violence, as well as illustrating what factors in normal behavior might protect us from engaging in such actions. Such knowledge could in turn be used to build greater resilience among individuals exposed to violent ideas, with the ultimate goal of implementing it in programs focused on anti-radicalization.
Belgian Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq – May 2016
Authors: Van Ostaeyen Pieter
Published: February 2025

Since late 2012, early 2013 Belgium has been one of Europe's main suppliers of foreign fighters to the war in Syria and later Iraq. A staggering number of over 600 foreign fighters has left Belgium since the war started. There are three main networks involved: Sharia4Belgium, Resto du Tawheed and the cell around Jihadi recruiter Khalid Zerkani. In this text, we will deal with the history of Jihadist activities in Belgium, look for demographical and sociological explanations on why Belgium seems to be a main supplier world-wide, a detailed overview of the recruiting groups will be provided, and we will zoom into a few of the personal motivations on why these young men and women left Belgium to join The Islamic State. In a separate paragraph, we will look into the involvement of Belgian foreign fighters in the attacks on Paris and Brussels in November 2015 and March 2016.
Globalising Women, Peace and Security: Trends in National Action Plans
Authors: Swaine Aisling
Published: February 2025

The United Nations (UN) has proposed multiple strategies for addressing deficits in the implementation of its women, peace and security (WPS) resolutions. National Action Plans (NAPs) have gained huge traction and popularity, yet there has been little critical assessment of how they have advanced the WPS agenda overall. This paper assesses a number of key trends: first, the purchase that NAPs have attempted to gain at macro-structural levels within the UN's political arena; second, the procedural modalities that have come to determine how the WPS resolutions are translated into NAPs at meso-levels across Member States; and third, the kinds of substantive focus found at micro-levels within adopted NAPs. The peripheral activities on WPS by related UN and civil society entities are also explored. It emerges that, while many practical gains have been made, NAPs-WPS remain insecure in their political positioning and are not yet fully realising their potential to deliver on women's rights.
Estonia's National Action Plan for the Implementation of UNSCR 1325
Authors: Siilivask Kersti
Published: February 2025

This article presents Estonia's initial experiences of implementing its National Action Plan (NAP) on Women, Peace and Security (WPS) and identifies best practices and lessons identified during the process. The achievements of Estonia's first National Action Plan (2010–2014) are examined to provide an overview of the current NAP objectives for the years 2015 to 2019. The article analyses Estonia's NAP in the light of four basic elements that should ensure successful strategic implementation: levels of commitment from the institutions responsible, concrete measures that have been taken to achieve the NAP's set goals, the budget dedicated to the plan, and responsibility and monitoring mechanisms. In addition, this review identifies current issues on the national level that need greater attention if Estonia is to move closer to achieving the goals set by the United Nations Security Council's Resolution 1325.
Radicalisers as Regulators: An Examination of Dabiq Magazine
Authors: Macdonald Stuart
Published: February 2025

This chapter analyses the contents of so-called Islamic State's Dabiq magazine using the framework of responsive regulation. After a brief statement on methodology, the chapter begins by outlining the notion of responsive regulation and seeks to justify its application in this context. It argues that, whilst there are dissimilarities between the efforts of regulators and the producers of Dabiq, the two have one key feature in common: both seek to achieve compliance with a given set of norms by inducing behavioural and attitudinal change. The subsequent analysis is organised into three sections: the persuasive techniques employed in Dabiq; the interplay between these techniques; and, the role played by assessments of (procedural as well as substantive) fairness.
The Terrorist – Hacker/Hacktivist Distinction: An Investigation of Self-Identified Hackers and Hacktivists
Authors: Tanczer Leonie Maria
Published: February 2025

The academic literature on terrorism is filled with references to online activities, and the equation of hacking and hacktivism (i.e., politically motivated hacking) with cyberterrorism. This perspective ignores differences in capacities, scope, and motives. Besides, scholarly research is lacking examinations of those perceived as alleged ‘security threats’. This chapter therefore uses interviews with self-identified hackers and hacktivists (N = 35) to address this gap. It examines the distinction between hacking, hacktivism, and cyberterrorism, and studies the discourses and practices of hackers and hacktivists. Building upon the theoretical concept of (in)securitisation and the method of thematic analysis, the findings provide insights into (a) perceptions of hackers and hacktivists by external actors and their (b) self-assessment that stands in contrast to the viewpoints expressed earlier. The results highlight interviewees' objections to the translation of hacking and hacktivism into violent acts of any nature, with participants articulating that the connection of these concepts poses threats to civil liberties and political rights online. The chapter therefore has implications both for academic as well as professional discourse. It seeks to foster a more reflected engagement with these concepts and points to the need for concrete terminological delineations.
Effect of Scan Velocity on Ultra-Low Frequency Eddy Current Test Measurements
Authors: Ye Chaofeng  , Karpenko Oleksii  , Udpa Lalita  , Udpa Satish
Published: February 2025

Inspection of multi-layered riveted structures and detection of subsurface cracks under fastener head is critical to ensure safe operation of an aircraft. As defects are embedded deep in the structure, ultra-low excitation frequency is used to achieve larger penetration depth. Further, for rapid inspection of large areas, high scan velocity is required. Eddy current testing with ultra-low frequency exciting and high scan velocity poses additional challenges. This paper studies the effect of scan velocity on ultra-low frequency eddy current signals. Signal processing algorithms are developed and presented for compensating velocity effects.
Magnetic Non-Destructive Evaluation of a Ductile Cast Iron with a Retained Proeutectoid Cementite
Authors: Stupakov Alexandr  , Matsumoto Takanori  , Uchimoto Tetsuya  , Vértesy Gábor  , Takagi Toshiyuki
Published: February 2025

This work studies the potential of magnetic hysteresis and Barkhausen noise measurements for detection of an inimical cementite/chill fraction in a ductile cast iron. The samples are cast into a specially shaped mold with four steps of different thickness to vary a cooling rate during the solidification. Six castings are performed with different chill acceleration components: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% of Cr; 0.7, 1.2 and 1.7% of Mn. This results in a wide variation of the cast iron composition, which is evaluated by a standard optical microscopy procedure and Vickers hardness techniques. Magnetic measurements are performed using a unique laboratory system with a direct determination of the surface tangential magnetic field. The presented results suggest that the magnetic response is mainly determined by the ferrite content. Increase of the ferrite content expectedly leads to a linear decrease of the magnetic coercive field. The magnetically/mechanically harder cementite increases the coercive field, but the complex cast iron structure with differently mixed fractions of ferrite and pearlite disturbs the linear correlation.
Eddy Current Induced by Pipe Rotation in MFL Testing and Its Influence on Testing Signal
Authors: Feng Bo  , Wu Jianbo  , Kang Yihua  , Sun Yanhua
Published: February 2025

In order to improve the testing efficiency in magnetic flux leakage testing of steel pipes, the rotational speed of pipes should be increased, which causes eddy current effect in the testing. The distribution of motional eddy current and its influence on the magnetization status of pipes is analyzed. Then, finite element simulation is carried out to calculate the eddy current and magnetic field inside the steel pipe. Furthermore, the testing signals for both external and internal longitudinal defects are extracted. The results show that: in the regions where the pipe is approaching the pole shoes, the external defect signal decreases with the increase of rotational speed and the internal defect signal only changes a little; In the regions where the pipe is leaving the pole shoes, the external defect signal increases with the increase of rotational speed and the internal defect signal decreases with the increase of rotational speed.
Mapping of Impact Damage in Composite Materials Using Differential ECT Probe
Authors: Angani Chandra S.  , Pasadas Dario J.  , Ribeiro Artur L.  , Ramos Helena G.
Published: February 2025

Composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) have combined advantages of high strength and very low weight. There has been an increasing interest in the use of composite materials in the aerospace and automobile industries significantly. The industrial components made from CFRP, have to be tested for quality evaluation after manufacturing and inspection during the operation of structure to increase the lifetime of the component. In the present study a differential eddy current testing (ECT) probe has been developed and proposed for the detection of impact defects in the CFRP test specimen. Three different impact defects were made on the specimen in order to test the detectability of the differential probe. The probe consists of one rectangular shaped excitation coil and two detection coils that are connected in series opposite configuration to get the differential induced voltage. The probe was fixed to an automatic x-y scanning system which is controlled by Mat-Lab software program and obtained the image of the impact defect in the scanning area by acquiring the amplitude of the differential voltage from the probe. The experimental results show a clear indication of three defects with significantly distinguishable change in the detected probe response for different defects made with different impact energies in the CFRP test specimen.
The Geopolitics of Energy in the South Caucasus and the Prospects for Regional Energy Security Cooperation
Authors: Niculescu George Vlad
Published: February 2025

The South Caucasus is a region of strategic importance for European energy supply. Therefore, energy security is so high on the agenda of both NATO's and EU's relations with the regional states. However, energy security and geopolitics are bound to remain “innately correlated” in the South Caucasus, because of: the persistence of the unresolved conflicts; the Russian double-play, and manipulative policies; the negative influences from clashing regional powers interests in the neighboring Middle East; the undetermined international status of the Caspian Sea. The current geopolitical fragmentation of the South Caucasus seems to be evolving towards increasing regional energy security fragmentation. In this context, the prospects for regional energy cooperation are rather blurred and uncertain, while they will remain dependent on the prospects of continued geopolitical confrontation in the South Caucasus. However, post-conflict energy security regional cooperation scenarios can offer a sound framework for intra-regional confidence building, and for developing blueprints that could be implemented in the future. They could also play an important role in South Caucasus conflict resolution.
Test Data Generation Based on Hybrid Tabu Annealing Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Luo Fan  , Shen Gang
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we investigate the generation of path-covered test data for automated software testing. Testing plays the critical role in detecting bugs and ensure the quality of the software in the software development lifecycle. As an alternative to the manual testing of high cost, low efficiency and poor reliability, search based approaches have been applied in automated test data generation. We propose a hybrid algorithm to generate the test data by integrating the heuristic approaches of tabu, annealing, and genetic algorithm. We discuss the effects of parameters in the process of genetic operations. Several benchmark source code pieces are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm has lower time complexity and better performance in convergence compared with other existing algorithms.
An Investigation of Cross-Border E-Commerce Logistics and Develop Strategies Through SCCOM Framework and Logistic Service Risk Analysis
Authors: Zhang Hao-Zhan  , Hsieh Chi-Min  , Luo Yun-Liang  , Chiu Ming-Chuan
Published: February 2025

Cross-border e-commerce has become popular recently, so the importance of cross-border logistics has been enhanced. Because foreign buyers have high demand for logistics time, strengthening the logistics is an important key to increase sales. Only to enhance the ability of logistics can accelerate the cycle of the entire sales chain. By accelerating the recovery of capital can also increase the company's profits. However, the cost of logistics is the largest online cost of foreign trade expenditures. Cross-border distribution service errors would cause significant losses. Logistics risk management is relevant to improve the integration of strategic flows, but the contributions to cross-border logistics risks in literature seem limited. Therefore, this study is based on five steps of “Supply Chain Continuous Operation Management” (SCCOM) to help us analysis service risk for cross-border logistics. The main content of five steps include understand the SCCOM background, define SCCOM scope and objectives, operational impact analysis, continuous operational risk assessment, and continuous operational strategy. In case study, we take “Double 11” of Taobao in Taiwan area for example. Let consumers of China buy high-quality goods in Taiwan Taobao, and then send goods from Taiwan to China as the logistics risk analysis before the phase of cross-border services. The result indicates that cross-border logistics are most affected by “information system instability” and “maritime customs clearance anomalies”. We develop the strategies that aim at the two factors above and propose some ways to reduce logistics service risk. Through the analysis results of this paper, cross-border logistics industries can take it as a basis for the development strategies. By this way, industries will reduce logistics risk, increase logistics capacity and smooth, and then improve the overall profit of the foreign trade industries.
Cross-Border E-Commerce Risk Analysis Platform Based on SDN and Cloud Virtualization Technology
Authors: Ma Yi-Wei  , Yan Wei  , Chen Jiann-Liang
Published: February 2025

In recent years, Cross-Border e-Commerce has rapidly become popular in our daily life, and continuously causing some problems. Therefore, it is necessary to identify problems or risks using information technology. This study proposes a platform based on Software-defined Networking (SDN) and cloud virtualization technology. This platform can be the tool for a Cross-Border e-Commerce risk data analysis. The platform provides high flexibility and reliability, in line with the future development of large data risk analysis.
Domain Risks Management in Software Products Lines Projects
Authors: Urrego-Giraldo Germán  , Velásquez-Restrepo Luis-Emilio  , Giraldo-Gómez Gloria-Lucía
Published: February 2025

The domain model represents the knowledge for the planning of a project, for the definition of requirements and the construction of the logical model of a solution, in the field of software or in any other. The development of products lines requires to dispose earlier more complete domain knowledge than that for the development of individual software products. Indeed, it is necessary to consider just at the beginning the domain variability and components reuse in an ample family of products, as well as, the initial investments for this change of development paradigm. The three project risk categories more recognized in the PERIL data base (Project Experienced Risks Information Library): Scope, schedule and resources are aspects whose management in the products lines approach require more rapid and comprehensive treatment of the domain knowledge. In order to attend this high exigency and risks in managing of domain knowledge, this research proposes a defect-based risks model combined with a set of generic radical and moderate solutions, applicable to any project phase or to the whole project. The proposed solution covers from risks identification to the formulation of preventive, corrective and mitigation controls. The not consideration of some load cases in a structural analysis in a civil engineering project illustrates the application these different types of controls.
A Novel Framework to Achieve Innovative Product Design and Recommendation for Multi-Functional Tablets: A TRIZ Perspective
Authors: Wang Chih-Hsuan
Published: February 2025

Recently, the boundaries between smartphones, tablets and ultrabooks are becoming much more blurred than before. To sustain in a fiercely competitive environment, global brand companies start to design multi-functional products to satisfy diverse consumer requirements. For instance, Asus and Lenovo design Padfones (a smartphone inside) and Yoga Pro3 (a micro-projector inside) to enhance visualization of smartphones and tablets, respectively. Meanwhile, Acer, Sony, and Fuji develop varieties of tablets like Padbooks (pad + keyboard) and Padnotes (pad + stylus pen) to enhance keyboard interface. In this study, a TRIZ (theory of inventive problem solving) based framework is presented to analyze these innovative ideas and indicate how innovative solutions tackle the trade-offs between the improving features and the worsening features. Thereafter, rough set theory (RST) is applied to elicit the causalities between user preferences for ergonomic features and demographic variables. Finally, product recommendation w.r.t. the niche segments can be accordingly achieved.
Effects of Information Availability on Workload and Situation Awareness in Air Traffic Control
Authors: Trapsilawati Fitri  , Chen Chun-Hsien
Published: February 2025

To deal with the continous air traffic growth, air traffic controllers (ATCOs) are equipped with enhanced air traffic control (ATC) systems. The enhanced systems offer fully comprehensive aircraft information, such as plan view, speed, climb/descent rate, vertical information as well as the prediction of the aircraft parameters. Although increased information is often linked to the increase of situation awareness (SA), however, increasing the volume of information could also be detrimental to SA and workload. To what extend the aircraft information would benefit the ATCOs should be further investigated. This study aims to examine the effects of different information displays on ATCOs workload and SA. Thirty air traffic controllers (ATCOs) were divided into three groups corresponding to three display conditions: non-display, vertical, and trajectory display. The results revealed that the vertical display lowered ATCOs' workload and enhanced their SA as compared to other conditions. The workload and SA with the trajectory display were not different as compared to those in the existing ATC facility. It could be inferred that, on the one hand, with low information availability, ATCOs are required to interpret the airspace manually thus placing a cognitive burden on them. On the other hand, high information availability provided in the trajectory display condition, also hindered ATCOs from effectively using it due to the information overload. Here, the vertical display was found to provide sufficient information for ATCOs since it presents the information that was not depicted in the current radar system. Conversely, presenting information of all aircraft parameters was not necessarily valuable.
Usability Investigation on the Localization of Text CAPTCHAs: Take Chinese Characters as a Case Study
Authors: Yu Junnan  , Ma Xuna  , Han Ting
Published: February 2025

Text CAPTCHA has been an effective means to protect online systems from malicious attacks. However, nearly all the Text CAPTCHA designs are based on English characters, which may not be the most user-friendly option for non-English speakers. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in designing local-language CAPTCHAs, which are expected to be more usable for native speakers. However, systematic studies on the usability of localized CAPTCHAs are rare, and a general procedure for the design of usable localized CAPTCHA is still unavailable. Here, we comprehensively explored the design of CAPTCHAs based on Chinese characters from a usability perspective: a usability comparison of CAPTCHAs based on Chinese and English characters, then the evaluation of intrinsic design factors of Chinese CAPTCHAs. It's found that Chinese CAPTCHAs can be equally usable comparing with alphanumeric ones. Meanwhile, guidelines for designing user-friendly Chinese CAPTCHAs are also presented. Those design practices are further summarized as a general procedure which is expected to be applicable for the design of CAPTCHAs based on other languages.
Litigation Visualization Through Transdisciplinary Design
Authors: Chao Fanglin
Published: February 2025

Law is the rules of the society. The judgments are based on understanding the rules and legally-valid information as well as corroborating advice. Recently, the questioning of the impartiality of the judges has caused people's mistrust of judicial system. There are many ways to visualize the litigation process such as data visualization and language analysis. Clarifying the meaning and function of these terms in a socio-political system can be a helpful start towards unraveling the notion of transparency. Legislative transparency remains an issue with many interesting aspects yet to be explored. In this study, the graphic and simple ways are utilized to express the verdict so that people with no legal backgrounds have more opportunity to understand the arguments. By conjoin legal professional and designer, court decisions were analyzed and represented as graph to visualize the facts, laws and logical reasoning. User and task analysis is a process of learning about user by reviewing them in action. We observed and talked with users to acquire the opinions as follows. Visualization of litigation process through flow chart, diagram, color and shape help people to understand its meaning; users need to have a consistent meaning of colors, symbol and shapes to reduce possible confusion. It indicated that for exploration and to comprehend its legal relation visualization rules for legal items are required in further study.
Research on Improvement of Human Interface Design for AXIOM Digital Micro Machining
Authors: Hu Tsu-Wu  , Chao Fanglin  , Lin Kuan-Wu  , Lu Zhao-Ru
Published: February 2025

Local machine tools usually utilize a common compatible module within the control unit which is often bought from other company. Digital micro milling machine (AXIOM Auto Route) was evaluated in this study to point out the interface problems. Usability study methodology and experimental performance evaluation were carried out by observe participant's performing on specific common tasks in the laboratory. The results show that the handheld common control module uses a mixed approach on the graphical user interface, making each button to handle multiple activities. The multi-functional buttons made the control operations complex and it's difficult to memorize and to discover the relevancy. The flowchart, the screens and icon were designed with App interface approach to improve the shortcomings of the existing interface. Based on the experiments conducted, the operation procedure and the learning efficiency are enhanced, which can be applied on interface design on other control units.
Unstable Approach: Intervention and Prevention
Authors: Lai Hsueh-Yi  , Lee Basil
Published: February 2025

This research aims to investigate the occurrence of unstable approach from teamwork process via situation awareness, and shared-situation awareness. 9 pilots were recruited for a one-hour interview to identify critical themes. The results depicted that, under congested airspace derived from peak hour and unexpected weather, in order to consume excessive aircraft in the terminal area, ATCOs were prone to issue instructions which sacrificed aircraft's safety margins to squeeze the current air traffic flow. Therefore, aircraft may be too high or too fast during approach. For team process, pilots will actively identify ATCOs intention from TCAS, radio channel, and given instructions. As a result, they will be able to predict the coming steps and make preparation in advance. To conclude, in order to balance the needs of both ATCOs and pilots. ATCOs may have to consider not only separation but the appropriateness of vertical profile. Other than that, during the team process, critical and short information should be provided to make sure both parties comprehend each others intention mutually in seconds.
Integrated Kansei Engineering and FMEA in Innovative Product Design
Authors: Hsiao Shih-Wen  , Wu Chien-Nan
Published: February 2025

The social patterns of nations worldwide have exhibited an aging trend and declining birth rates, thus motivating advanced nations and businesses to invest in the development of robots that provide services to people. Because robot-related research is primarily focused on the functionality of robots, considering product aesthetics and brand images have been overlooked. This study is composed of two phases: the first phase establishes the product design images, applies the Kansei Engineering (KE) to analyze consumers' preferences. The second phase applies the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for product design and production planning, By this research, a systematic approach has been made to integrate the KE and FMEA for product development and taking a Security guard robot as the case study.
Aesthetics of Experience: Industrial Design in the Era of Design Thinking and User Experience
Authors: Sathikh Peer
Published: February 2025

Industrial design has evolved in the last hundred years, past several design movements, weaving through hi-tech and Internet era into the collaborative design and 3D printing era today. The seeming magic that industrial designers conjure up in designing iconic products such as the Sony Walkman or the IPhone has the world wondering, ‘what is design? Several ideas and methods, such as user experience, design thinking, collaborative design, rapid prototyping and 3D printing have become a sort of panacea for innovation for businesses, in their quest to succeed. All these make it look like anyone can design, forgetting that designers are experts in one important aspect of industrial design; giving appropriate beauty and form to the outputs of design. Where has the beauty of design gone? How can we impart the idea of ‘appropriate’ aesthetics as an important element of industrial design? The goal of this paper is to propose a method to connect the three key elements of design, function), human factors and human emotion that ultimately makes a design successful. This paper starts by discussing on the present trends in design such as design thinking and user experience, before presenting three main points, the first being that, user experience and design thinking are only two items in a designer's tool kit. The second point is that designers use visual thinking methods supported by ideation, representation and verification tools and move towards an appropriate outcome. Thirdly, a visual model for connecting the three key elements of design to the aesthetics, that the author has been using in teaching design, is presented which will aid in in the creation of aesthetics and forms that are appropriate for each project. Finally selected examples of how this method has been used in product design class by the author us highlighted.