bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decision Support System of New Student Admission Using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Simple Additive Weighting Methods
Authors: Wijayanto Santosa , Napitupulu Darmawan , Adiyarta Krisna , Windarto Agus Perdana
Published: September 2019

Selection of qualified prospective students is very important for schools to be able to achieve successful learning in school. Problems will arise if the school is wrong in choosing students who are not in accordance with their abilities. The admission selection process for prospective students in Bintaro Informatics Development Vocational School still uses manual method in calculating grades. Determination of the weight of each criterion is also not used optimally, giving rise to difficulties in selecting prospective students based on their talents and abilities. Schools need a decision support system that can help in making decisions to select new students according to their talents and abilities. The system designed using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method is used for ranking, and to determine the weighting using the Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The results of the calculation of the two methods can select prospective students who are accepted in school more precisely and accurately in accordance with the abilities and expertise of students.
Digital Dictionary Using Binary Search Algorithm
Authors: Fitrian Riski Muhamad , Taufik Insan , Ramadhan Muhammad Sabir , Mulyani Neni , Hutahaean Jeperson , Sitio Arjon Samuel , Sihotang Hengki Tamando
Published: September 2019

Digital Dictionary of Computer and Network Engineering can be used in the learning process of computer and nerwork enginering students. Dictionaries are generally book-shaped is hard to carry because of their thick and heavy, now can be accessed anywhere by development of web technology. Digital dictionaries can be accessed through computers, laptops dan cellphones, this is make student easily in learning process. The digital dictionary can not only be used by students of computer and network engineering, but can also by general public, as long as you have an internet connection, anyone can be use this digital dictionaries. The main process in this digital dictionary is the search process. Binary search algorithm used in the search process of binary search algoritm. Binary search algoritm search is applied to word search in this digital dictionary, because this algoritm is intended for sequintal data. Program language that will be used to build this digital dictionary is PHP and MySQL.
Implementation of Certainty Factor Method for Diagnoses of Photocopy Machine Damage
Authors: Pakpahan Aditiya , Sagala Jijon Raphita , Yesputra Rolly , Lubis Adyanata , Saputra Herman , Husain  , Sihotang Hengki Tamando
Published: September 2019

Photocopying machines are machines that make paper copies of documents and other visual images quickly and cheaply. PT. TRITANU has a copy machine product, such as the Fotocpy Sharp machine Type B201D. The rapid development of photocopying technology at this time can be seen that adult photocopying machines are now not only operating copier but can scan, print, and even fax. The rapid development of photocopying technology does not necessarily provide complete convenience to users. This can be seen from the high cost of consultation in the event of damage to the photocopy machine, requiring time to check the damaged machine, and not to mention other procedures in the repair that exist at PT. TRANANU. So from to provide solutions to these problems, the researchers made an Expert System for Handling Print Results Problems on Sharp Photocopying Machines Type B201D Using the Certainty Factor Method. System testing shows that the system is able to diagnose damage to the B201D copy machine based on the symptoms in the printout, even though these symptoms contain uncertainty. The results of the diagnosis are accompanied by Certainty Factor values that indicate the level of truth, accuracy of possible damage to the B201D copy machine.
A Multi-Objective Programming Model for Forest Management Planning Problem to Sustain Water Allocation
Authors: Sinaga Juli Antasari , Mawengkang Herman
Published: September 2019

Forest management planning is placed not only on managing timber production but also on maintaining forest ecosystem values, such as water preservation. Thus, the meaning of sustainable forest management has broadened from sustainable timber management to ecosystem-based multipurpose forest management. This paper discusses the need to preserve water by forest in such a way the water will flow to rivers to be used as a resource to generate hydroelectric power plant. The problem is then modeled as a multi-objective integer programs.
The Framework of Stochastic Programming Model with Scenario Generation Approach for Sustainable Knowledge Management under Uncertainty Disruption
Authors: Sembiring Sajadin , Mawengkang Herman , Tulus  , Zarlis M.
Published: September 2019

Recently, knowledge, as a strategic resource, has become an essential driving forces for business success, in particular in competitive situation. Accordingly, the existence of knowledge management (KM) is to support the business firm to locate, select, organize, distribute, and transfer vital information within the firm. One of the method to increasing effectiveness of knowledge management is to optimize its processes. However, during the process in order to increase the firm performance some disruption may occur. This paper describes a stochastic programming model to optimize the knowledge management processes problem within a firm, considering uncertainty disruption. We adopt scenario generation approach for tackling the stochastic problem.
Implementation of Certainty Factor Method for Expert System
Authors: Sembiring Ade Setiawan , Sulindawaty  , Manahan Olven , Napitupulu Merlin Helentina , Hasugian Penda Sudarto , Riandari Fristi , Mahdalena Simanjorang R. , Simangunsong Agustina , Utami Yulia , Sihotang Hengki Tamando
Published: September 2019

PC computer is a flexible electronic device and can receive and process data quickly and accurately, and can also store data for a long time. There is a time when the PC hardware is damaged. So that it annoys the user. In connection with the problems that occur, the researchers aim to build an Expert System application to diagnose damage to PC computers using the Certainty Factor method by using Visual Studio 2010 applications and using Microsoft Access 2013 as a database. Applications that are built can be an alternative in knowing the type of damage and provide alternative solutions in handling damage to PC computer hardware.
Analysis of Artificial Neural Network in Predicting the Fuel Consumption by Type of Power Plant
Authors: Saputra Widodo , Poningsih P , Lubis Muhammad Ridwan , Andani Sundari Retno , Damanik Irfan Sudahri , Wanto Anjar
Published: September 2019

The electric is one of the needs for human, the growth of the electric power in Indonesia is very increased. There are 13 types of power plants in Indonesia, including to require the fuel in its operational. Fuel consumption needs to be recorded at regular intervals so that the needs of fuel for the power plant remain fulfilled. This research discusses about the predictions fuel consumption based on the type of power plants. The method used is the Artificial Neural Network with the back propagation algorithm. This method is good enough to use in predicting the data. The data used is fuel consumption data based on the type of power plant of the year 2014-2016. The best architecture is 8-23-1 that gets results accuracy of 88%, epoch 6016 iteration and MSE 0.0005509801. From these results then predict using the 8-23-1 architecture is the best architecture.
Framework of Vocational Education Quality Based on Dynamic System
Authors: Roslina R , Zarlis Muhammad , Mawengkang Herman , Sembiring RW , Amelia Afritha
Published: September 2019

The problem of meeting the needs of business and industry towards vocational higher education graduates is a discrepancy between the desired skills and the availability of labor. To meet the needs of competent Human Resources (HR) in business and industry, the implementation of Vocational Education (VE) must be quality or smart. This study formulates the factors that influence the implementation of quality VE, the entities contained in the VE system, building framework of VE system base on dynamic system.
Combination of Caesar Cipher Algorithm and Rivest Shamir Adleman Algorithm for Securing Document Files and Text Messages
Authors: Gunawan Indra , Sumarno  , Tambunan Heru Satria , Irawan Eka , Qurniawan Hendry , Hartama Dedy
Published: September 2019

At this time, the advancement technology of computer science and telecommunications are developed highly and progressing rapidly. Data security is very important to maintain the important data content of the parties that can harm by destroying important data from the data owner. By improving data security, using a combination of algorithms, it can keep data security more secure than attacks that can harm the content of stored data, especially data in the form of document files and text messaging. The combination of algorithms used for data security used is caesare cipher algorithm and RSA algorithm. So by using a combination of caesar cipher algotitm and RSA algorithm, the security level of document files and text messages can be more awake the authenticity of the data.
Application of the MOORA Method for Decision Making in Receiver Foundation Scholarship in AMIK Tunas Bangsa
Authors: Andani Sundari Retno , Poningsih  , Saputra Widodo , Lubis Muhammad Ridwan , Damanik Irfan Sudahri , Arifin Nur Khairun Nisa , Sinaga Rahmadani Fitri
Published: September 2019

Foundation scholarship is scholarship whose fund comes from AMIK Tunas Bangsa Foundation and given for student achievement and poor, which aims to prevent collage drop outs for students. Foundation scholarship are given to students achievement and poor, but they dont get scholarship from any source. The criteria used in determining the foundation scholarship recipients are GPA, parents income and the number of dependents. The method applied in determining the foundation scholarship recipients is the MOORA (multi objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis) method. The MOORA method will produce the exact ranked in determining the foundation scholarship recipients, simple calculation so it is easier to understand and use.
Data Driven Optimization Approach to Fish Resources Supply Chain Planning in Aceh Province
Authors: Nurdin  , Zarlis M. , Tulus  , Efendi Syahril
Published: September 2019

Aceh is one of the provinces in Indonesia that is rich in the potential of marine and fisheries resources. Many fish resources become superior commodities, therefore good planning and management needs to be done. Fish resource data that will be used in this research is large-scale data from the district and city in Aceh province, then a data driven optimization approach is needed. Optimization has become one of the high technology in planning and management in the supply chain. Supply chain networks as logistics and production process from network that is connected between organizational units that operate from suppliers to the community. The supply chain of fish resources is very complex because it is caused by number of factors, such as the diversity of products from fish resources and short expiration periods. In this paper proposes that the supply chain network built consists of suppliers, distribution centers and consumers. The location of suppliers, distribution centers and consumers comes from 10 regions in the province of Aceh, for fish resource suppliers taken from Coastal Fishing Ports (CFP) and Fish Landing Base (FLB).
Optimization Model in Logisticts Planning and Supply Chain
Authors: Silaen Nova Eliza , Sawaluddin  , Tulus
Published: September 2019

The progress and success of the company can be seen from the consumer’s response to production from all aspects of each company’s activities and is a key success factor. In this case describes the problem of supply chain optimization from the perspective of providing logistics including a mathematical model of cost optimization for supply chains in the form of MILP (Mixed Integer Linear). Production, transportation and distribution costs are chosen as optimization criteria. Time, volume, capacity and mode of transportation are also taken into account. The model was developed based on supply chain management theory to achieve the lowest cost, responsive and to achieve common goals. The results state that product inventories, loading patterns, modes of transportation, and minimum order quantities significantly affect the total logistics costs. Shorter production processing time, and produce optimal solutions. However, the right limits must be carefully defined to get a viable solution.
Sensitivity Analysis in Data Envelopment Analysis for Interval Data
Authors: Nasution N H , Efendi S , Tulus
Published: September 2019

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) analysis model can evaluate the relative efficiency of a set of DMU decision-making units with the right values but cannot handle data that is not correct, for example data in the form of intervals. In this paper, the DEA model is able to calculate the data efficiency of interval values. Data Envelopment Analysis interval or DEA interval is an approach that can make input and output data from Data Envelopment Analysis which is used to measure the relative efficiency of Decision Making Unit (DMU) in multi input and multi output processes which will be examined in this study. This model is based on arithmetic operations with interval numbers not the same as the DEA model in general that uses single data. Measurement of the relative efficiency of DMUs with inputs and outputs that have interval data using a constant interval of interval, depending on the application, can also be estimated using statistical techniques or experience. Because in the world most data is interval data, we present a model to calculate the lower and upper limits for each DMU and prove that this model provides higher and lower efficiency limits. In this paper the number of DMUs is increased where if one DMU is added then all highly efficient units will remain.
On Solving a class of stochastic multiobjective integer linear programming problems with Interactive Based Approach
Authors: Suparni  , Mawengkang Herman , Sitompul Opim Salim , Suwilo Saib
Published: September 2019

Decision problems of stochastic or probabilistic optimization arise when certain coefficient of an optimization model are not fixed or known but are instead, to some extent, stochastic(or random or probabilistic) quantities. This paper focused on multiobjective stochastic optimization. We propose a method for solving a multiobjective chance constraints integer programming problem based on interactive approach. We assume that there is randomness in the right-hand sides of the constraints only and that the random variables are normally distributed. Some examples are presented.
Mixed Integer Program for Tackling Process Control Demand in The Capacitated Open Vehicle Routing Problems
Authors: Ramadhani Evi , Mawengkang Herman , Sutarman  , Ramli Marwan
Published: September 2019

Open vehicle routing problems, as a variant of vehicle routing problem (VRP), define that the vehicles are not required to return to the depot after completing service. In this paper, we extend the problem to include process control due to the uncertainty of customer demands. Each customer has a demand and each customer must be serviced by a single vehicle and no vehicle may serve a set of customers whose total demand exceeds its capacity. Each vehicle route must start at the depot and end at the last customer it serves. The objective is to define the set of vehicle routes that minimizes the total costs. We solve the stochastic model using a strategy of releasing nonbasic variables from their bounds, combined with the “active constraint” method. This strategy is used to force the appropriate non-integer basic variables to move to their neighborhood integer points.
A Generalized Reduced Gradient Approach for Solving a Class of Two-Stage Stochastic Nonlinear Programs
Authors: Syarah Fatmah , Mawengkang Herman , Kamil Anton Abdulbasah , Sutarman
Published: September 2019

Two-stage stochastic programming problems arise in many practical sit-uations, such as production and manpower planning, portfolio selections and so on. In general, the deterministic equivalences of these problems can be very large, and may not be solvable directly by general-purpose optimization approaches. Reduced gradient method (RGM) is a well known technique for nonlinear programming problems. After using scenario analysis technique, a direct search approach based on RGM for solving a class of two-stage stochastic nonlinear programs is proposed, which generates the search direction by solving parallelly a set of quadratic programming subproblems with size much less than the original problem at each iteration. By selecting the step-size to reduce an exact penalty function sufficiently, the algorithm terminates at an approximate optimal solution to the problem with any desirable accuracy.
Evaluation of items on instruments of consumer attitudes, word of mouth, and decisions of private universities
Authors: Purwantoro P , Afrizal Andi
Published: September 2019

Early research is motivated by demands and developments in the world of education that are so competitive that universities must be able to carry out professional education so that it suits the needs of the labor market. Factors of human resources (HR) that have high competition are necessary for the era of global market competition and national development as a whole. These conditions increasingly encourage the world of education, including universities, to immediately prepare human resources which have high competence, can innovate and be creative. The rapid increase of higher education institutions has increasingly made the conditions of competition in seizing every market share increasingly tight. However, some research results still found some disadvantages including still using the same instrument but the results are different, there is no valid measuring instrument (instrument) to measure students’ decision to choose to study in private universities that are influenced by consumer attitudes and word of mouth. The study was conducted in Rokan Hulu Regency by using several respondents in private universities in Rokan Hulu regency including Pasir Pengaraian University, Rokania STKIP, ISQ, STAI Tuanku Tambusai, and Open University. The purpose of this study is to obtain a valid instrument in measuring student decisions in choosing to study at private universities so that these instruments are expected to be valid benchmarks that can be used as a measure of consumer decisions. The population in the study were all students enrolled as active students in private universities in Rokan Hulu district. The research sample was taken using a random sampling technique and used the sample criteria. The research data was processed using the Rash Model with the help of the Rasch Ministep (Winsteps) program.
The Implementation of Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making by Using Weighted Product Algorithm in Evaluating Employees’ Performance
Authors: Sari Herlina Latipa , Kalsum Toibah Umi , Mahdalena Desi
Published: September 2019

Fuzzy Logic used as an act to describe problem from input into expected output. One part of Fuzzy logic is Fuzzy multiple attribute decision making in deciding weighted alternative Score and importance criteria rating meanwhile Weighted product method is to evaluate so in deciding employee performance by multiplying to correlate with attribute rating, rating for each attribute must be powered by number with related weighted attribute and that process is same with normalization process. The result of implementation of Multiple Attribute Decision Making (FMADM) by using Weighted Product (WP) Algorithm in valuating employee performance which conducted once a year which obtained from performance valuation of system valuation at CV. Mulya Karya Baru. By conducting sample from data which obtained from data. This research can create and develop an application which can help user to rank the employee performance.
Comparison of SMART and SAW Methods in Decision Making
Authors: Br Sembiring Berti Sari , Zarlis Muhammad , Sawaluddin  , Agusnady Alfian , Qowidho Titin
Published: September 2019

In this study using a comparative analysis of SMART and SAW methods. The results of the SAW method calculation analysis have a faster processing time with a time of 0.40 s. While the SMART method calculation analysis has a longer processing time difference of 0.47 s. In this study the authors suggest using the SMART method. Where the process of calculating the SMART method has more varied results, because the criteria value between one candidate and another candidate influences each other. While the calculation of the SAW method results are less varied, because the criteria value between one candidate and another candidate does not affect each other. Weighting is done without an algorithm. In this study the authors suggest using the SMART method because there is a final value of <60 is not feasible given the provision of venture capital.
Explore Semantic Pixel Sets Based Local Pattern With Entropy Information for Face Recognition and Application in Backpropagation
Authors: Iqbal Pradipta M
Published: September 2019

In this paper, a combination of the Local Binary Pattern method with a semantic pixel set of entropy information is used on back propagation networks for face recognition. This method divides the sample data into NxM zones and calculates the feature value of each zone. In this paper the sample data is divided into 6x9 zones, ie 54 zones with the size of each zone is 10x10 pixels. The LBP method is a uniform pattern of each zone and makes comparisons to zones that have the most number of active pixels. Then from the LBP method the semantic method is used to extract the entropy information from each image. From the feature extraction, there are 107 feature values, 54 of LBP and 53 methods of semantic method. The value of the feature is used as input for classification using back propagation networks. 100 sample data were used for training and 60 different sample data were used for recognition level test. From the test conducted got the recognition rate using a combination of two methods of this extraction feature is 98%.
Ecological illiteracy can deepen farmers’ pesticide dependency
Authors: Wyckhuys K A G , Heong K L , Sanchez-Bayo F , Bianchi F J J A , Lundgren J G , Bentley J W
Published: September 2019

Nearly 2.5 billion smallholders cultivate the world’s arable land, strategically positioned to tackle multiple Anthropocene challenges. When consciously adopting ecologically-based pest management practices, they can improve resource use efficiency, slow biodiversity loss, curtail environmental pollution and safeguard human health. Yet, the effective implementation of knowledge-intensive management practices requires underlying ecological concepts to be well-understood. Here, drawing upon published social science research spanning 1910–2016, we illuminate deficiencies in the world’s farmers’ ecological literacy and in their valuation of insect-mediated ecosystem services. Though tribal people and indigenous folk possess sophisticated knowledge of insects that occur within farm settings, contemporary farmers on average know a mere 1.9–2.3 pestiferous herbivores and 0.5–0.9 pest-killing organisms (out of a respective 8 and 3 taxa) in a particular crop or cropping system. Ecosystem services such as biological pest control are annually worth hundreds of dollars ha−1 but remain unknown to nearly 70% of farmers globally. Also, agricultural systems with deficient ecological literacy tend to foster a greater dependency upon chemically-synthesized pesticides. If this ‘cognitive handicap’ can be remediated, farmers could become agro-biodiversity stewards and champions in redressing multiple aspects of global environmental change.
The impact of climate mitigation measures on near term climate forcers
Authors: Turnock S T , Smith S , O’Connor F M
Published: September 2019

Here we quantify the regional co-benefits to future air quality on annual to daily mean timescales from implementing mitigation measures to stabilise future climate. Two consistent future emissions pathways are used within the composition-climate model HadGEM3-UKCA: one is a reference pathway of future economic growth and development (REF), whilst the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) assumes the same development pathway but stabilises anthropogenic radiative forcing at 4.5 W m−2 in 2100. Implementing greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation measures in RCP4.5 reduces global mean air pollutant emissions by up to 30% in the 2050s, in addition to mitigating climate. Annual mean surface concentrations of ozone and PM2.5 decrease by 10%–20% from the combined reductions in emissions and climate change. The number of days exceeding the World Health Organization’s (WHO) daily mean air quality standards are reduced by up 47 days for ozone and 15 days for PM2.5 over different world regions. The air quality co-benefits from mitigation measures are mainly achieved from reductions in anthropogenic emissions, although benefits can be offset due to changes in climate. In terms of anthropogenic climate forcing, while the reduction in global mean effective radiative forcing (ERF) in 2050, relative to the 2000s, due to enacting carbon dioxide mitigation measures (−0.43 W m−2) is enhanced by decreases in tropospheric ozone (−0.26 W m−2) and methane (−0.2 W m−2), it is partially offset by a positive aerosol ERF from reductions in aerosols (+0.35 W m−2). This study demonstrates that policies to mitigate climate change have added co-benefits for global and regional air quality on annual to daily timescales. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the GHG policies in reducing anthropogenic climate forcing is enhanced in the near-term by reductions in ozone and methane despite the increased forcing due to reductions in aerosols.
Consequences of long-term infrastructure decisions—the case of self-healing roads and their CO2 emissions
Authors: Rodríguez-Alloza Ana María , Heihsel Michael , Fry Jacob , Gallego Juan , Geschke Arne , Wood Richard , Lenzen Manfred
Published: September 2019

What could be the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions if the conventional way of maintaining roads is changed? Emissions of greenhouse gases must be reduced if global warming is to be avoided, and urgent political and technological decisions should be taken. However, there is a lock-in in built infrastructures that is limiting the rate at which emissions can be reduced. Self-healing asphalt is a new type of technology that will reduce the need for fossil fuels over the lifetime of a road pavement, at the same time as prolonging the road lifespan. In this study we have assessed the benefits of using self-healing asphalt as an alternative material for road pavements employing a hybrid input–output-assisted Life-Cycle Assessment, as only by determining the plausible scenarios of future emissions will policy makers identify pathways that might achieve climate change mitigation goals. We have concluded that self-healing roads could prevent a considerable amount of emissions and costs over the global road network: 16% lower emissions and 32% lower costs compared to a conventional road over the lifecycle.
Multi - role hovercraft for agricultural
Authors: Pholpho T , Pholpho K
Published: September 2019

This research was aimed to study, design, fabricate and test the Prototype of Hovercraft for Agricultural Product Handling. The Hovercraft composed of 1) tube axial fan 2) body structure 3) engine 4) wooded-tray 5) electrical system 6) drive system. Hovercraft can move on land and on water continuously without stopping or switching system driven. It is a good choice in its use in agricultural areas, such as fish farming, farmlands, wetlands, beaches etc. The result shows that at the tested on three areas: 1) Concrete floor, 2) Grass floor, and 3) slush floor (semi-water). The best area that hovercraft can travel through is semi-water/slush floor. This hovercraft has the best maximum load at 350 kg. The best hovercraft speed was 39.5 km per hour at the weight of 50 kg in the slush floor. Rate of fuel consumption is 0.25 litters per km. of the loading weight at 150 kg.
The study of veneer machine from oil palm stem
Authors: Dangwilailux P , Kalasee W , Akvanich V
Published: September 2019

This study aim was to design an oil palm stem peeling machine. Oil palm veneer was selected from 28-year-old palm trunk, the height was 8 meters, and the diameter approximately 400-500 mm. The prototype veneer machine was to make the palm timber as a thin wood sheet for supplying to the plywood manufacturing industry. The veneer machine was composed of 3 units, which were 1) the roller unit 2) the blade unit, and 3) the feed screw unit. It was driven by 5 hp motors to rotate 2 rollers with speeds of 100, 120, and 140 rpm. The palm wood was rotated in the opposite direction to the blade using a 10 hp motor. It moved to the centre of the timber with forward speeds of 0.17, 0.29, and 0.59 m/min. Finally, the oil palm stems were peeled as veneer with a thickness of 1-3 mm and length of 2400 mm. The results were that the machine was able to produce the veneer product without it being broken and it had a high strength by using the roller speed of 120 rpm combine with a feed rate of 0.29 m/min.
Effects of extrusion variables on extrudate characteristics from corn-based enriched with soybean residue
Authors: Unsaeng K , Hannanta-anan P , Phongpipatpong M
Published: September 2019

Soybean residue is a food processing by-product of soya milk or tofu production process. It consists of rich protein and fiber. As a result, reprocessing soybean residue as human food can be a worthwhile alternative. This research focuses on studying the effects of extrusion process and the extrudate characteristics. The mixture of corn grit and soybean residue flour was extruded by single-screw extruder to produce high protein snack. Experimental design was performed by Box-Behnken design and Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to assess the effects on extrusion variables, including screw speed (370-430 RPM), soybean residue flour content (20-40%) and feed moisture (14-18%) on the properties of the extrudates including, expansion ratio (ER), density (D), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) and hardness (H). Analysis of variance showed that the most significant variables are soybean residue, which has negative effect on ER and positive effect on H, and screw speed, which has positive effect on ER and H, while feed moisture is non-significant in most characteristics.
Processing feasibility and qualities of freeze dried mango powder for SME scale
Authors: Mawilai P , Chaloeichitratham N , Pornchaloempong P
Published: September 2019

This research studied the processing feasibility and quality of the premium mango powder ‘Mahachanok’ for SME business. Freeze-dried mango powder as alternative high quality mango powder. The frozen mango puree was thawed at 4°C for 12 hours. The freeze dry processes to freezing and vacuum drying product within a single chamber. The operation cycle included 3 main steps: First step was rapidly frozen with contact plate and air blast freezing at -50°C until core product temperature was -20°C. After that, two steps drying were operated at 40 Pa. The primary drying was operating until core product temperature reached to -10 0 10°C, respectively. The secondary drying temperature was controlled at 40°C. The freeze dried mango powder price reached to 1, 322.76 baht/kg. In addition, physical properties (total soluble solids, pH and color) of rehydrated freeze dried mango sample were similar to mango puree, which had not significantly different (p<0.05). Thus, freeze drying can be developed and applied to process as premium mango powder at the industrial level.
Quantitative detection of pepper powder adulterated with rice powder using Fourier-transform near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Lapcharoensuk R , Chalachai S , Sinjaru S , Singsriand P , Hongwiangjan J , Yaemphochai N
Published: September 2019

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy model was developed for detecting pepper powder adulterated with rice powder. The adulterated pepper powder samples were prepared by mixing rice powders with pure pepper powder to 19 levels of concentrations (w/w) from 5-95%w/w. Two hundred ten NIR spectra of pure and adulterant pepper powders were recorded using Fourier-transform near infrared spectrometer. The NIRs quantitative model for detecting adulterant pepper were established using partial least squares regression (PLS). The optimum model was established from NIR spectra treated by constant offset elimination with the

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of 0.99. These results show that the NIR spectroscopy could be a modern method for monitoring adulteration of pepper powder with rice powder.
Potential of contemporary earth architecture for low impact building in Belgium
Authors: Van der Linden J , Janssens B , Knapen E
Published: September 2019

Earth architecture during the 21st century has resurfaced worldwide as a sustainable, low environmental impact material with expressive aesthetics and textures. Contemporary projects attempt to modernize the traditional techniques of building with earth in order to adapt them to today’s projecting needs. Examples of such techniques are unfired earth bricks and rammed earth. In order to disclosure and highlight future possibilities of earth construction, advantages and limitations of earth construction in a contemporary Western-European context are reviewed, based on a literature study. Because it is hard to generalise due to the case-specific context and constraints, a case study analysis of earth utilization in two contemporary architectural projects is presented. To assess if these contemporary projects meet the environmental benefits associated with traditional earth construction, several environmental aspects are taken into account, such as material sourcing proximity, production process, reuse potential, etc. Based on the literature study, case study analysis and current evolutions in neighbouring countries, promising applications for future development of earth construction for low impact building in Belgium are highlighted.
Sustainable design of vegetated structures: Building freshness
Authors: Cravero J , Feraille A , Versini P-A , Caron J-F , Tchiguirinskaia I , Baverel O
Published: September 2019

City revegetation strategies seem appealing to mitigate urban heat island effects through shading and transpirational cooling. Moreover, other potential benefits that may derive, e.g. biodiversity enhancement, the reduction in buildings energy consumption, stormwater management, acoustic insulation or air purification, earned them the designation ‘no-regrets approaches’ for adapting to climate change. However, the lack of understanding and quantification of green infrastructures’ environmental impacts prevents urban planning policies to be consistent and to turn attractive initiatives to effective implementations. The monitoring of existing green infrastructures is required to evaluate their cooling effect. For this purpose, an elastic gridshell in composite materials has been designed as a support for climbing plants at Ecole des Ponts ParisTech (Champs-sur-Marne, France). The life cycle assessment of the vegetated structure is performed in order to develop sustainable design strategies. Based on an energy balance approach, the collected thermo-hydric data can be used to determine which mechanisms are the most suitable for urban vegetation to enhance outdoor thermal comfort.
Probabilistic LCA and LCC to identify robust and reliable renovation strategies
Authors: Galimshina A , Hollberg A , Moustapha M , Sudret B , Favre D , Padey P , Lasvaux S , Habert G
Published: September 2019

Buildings are one of the largest energy consumers and greenhouse gas emitters in the world. As the largest part of the energy consumed by the existing non-insulated buildings occurs during the operation stage, retrofitting the building stock is crucial to reduce the environmental impact. To guarantee that the retrofit measures provide economic and environmental benefits, the whole life cycle should be assessed. However, the identification of environmental and at the same time cost-effective solutions is difficult due to the complexity and the uncertainty involved. Currently, simplified approaches based on limited assumptions are used that can lead to inaccurate results. This paper proposes a method for identifying robust renovation scenarios for residential buildings in Switzerland. The method and the developed tool use 47 uncertain parameters and Sobol’ indices to identify the most influential parameters. As such, robust renovation strategies can be identified in the early design stage.
Assessment of urban-scale potential for solar PV generation and consumption
Authors: Pedrero J , Hermoso N , Hernández P , Muñoz I , Arrizabalaga E , Mabe L , Prieto I , Izkara J L
Published: September 2019

The rise of grid electricity price and a growing awareness of climate change is resulting in an increasing number of photovoltaic facilities installed in buildings. Electricity market regulation and climatic conditions, in particular solar radiation, are the main factors that determine the economic viability of a photovoltaic facility. This paper describes a method for evaluating the potential for photovoltaic (PV) production and self-consumption for the building stock of a particular city. A GIS 3D city map is used to calculate solar irradiation. Building-level electricity use is calculated based on building type, geometry and other characteristic inferred from building age, taking the cadastre GIS as main input. The methodology identifies the realistic potential for rooftop photovoltaic installations, as well as the optimum size to be installed from an economic perspective. To represent different regulations that can affect economic viability of PV installations, calculations should adapt for the specific installation conditions and regulatory situation, as for example self-consumption and net metering. The proposed methodology is applied to a case study in Irun (Spain), where results for potential of PV generation and self-consumption for the building stock are presented. The results offer public administration a realistic view of economically viable PV potential for the city and allow to analyse different mechanisms to promote their installations. It also serves for individual electricity consumers to evaluate and optimize new photovoltaic energy facilities. Finally, it serves policy makers to estimate the repercussion of electricity market regulations on the economic viability of PV systems.
Mapping of innovative governance models to overcome barriers for nature based urban regeneration
Authors: Egusquiza A , Cortese M , Perfido D
Published: September 2019

The implementation of urban Nature Based Solutions (NBS) projects is deeply determined by the novelty of the concept. Its innovation is both an opportunity and a challenge: as a new concept, it generates uncertainty due to lack of technical and operational preparedness, but it also allows to deploy innovative approaches, new ways to address old problems and more inclusive practices. Nature4Cities project has systematically conceptualized the barriers and drivers on NBS projects implementation by a review of the state of the art. To see how these barriers can be overcome by governance strategies, different urban and environmental governance models have been mapped and characterized to assess their suitability for different NBS projects. Five clusters have been identified where models are grouped according to the involved actors, their position in the spectrum from high to low government involvement and their level of participation. This theorical model has been applied to real cases to check the incidence of the different clusters. Results show that urban and environmental governance is a map where the different models coexist in different degrees regarding some key axes such as level of innovation, polycentric vs. monocentric, involved sectors, level of participation and scale. Collaborative, multisector, polycentric and adaptive governance models address significant number of previously identified cross-domain barriers showing their suitability. The work presented in this paper can be the basis to define new institutional and governance arrangements that will foster multi-stakeholder involvement, citizens’ engagement, leveraging both public and private funding of NBS in cities
Pocket Mannerhatten - City renewal on the basis of spatial sharing strategies, bottom-up participation and common good-based incentives
Authors: Niedworok F
Published: September 2019

Cities worldwide and Vienna as well are facing an increasing pressure on space. Innovative strategies are required to tackle these challenges not only by creating new buildings but also by modernizing existing neighbourhoods. For decades Vienna counts on a gentle urban renewal approach. The question how to tackle new challenges, such as renewal towards energy efficiency, green spaces, alternative mobility or integration of multicultural lifestyles needs to be answered. The project Pocket Mannerhatten pursues the assumption that sharing building space across property outlines can offer an innovative approach for a city renewal. The spatial sharing is combined with a bottom-up-participation process and a compensation-oriented funding system. With the public funding program “Smart Cities Demo” (Austrian Climate and Energy Fund) a realization project will test the concept in Ottakring/Vienna. The multidisciplinary consortium accompanies the inhabitants realizing shared green spaces, community rooms, shared photovoltaic systems, car-sharing and Co-living apartments until the year 2021. In the future, these sharing and cooperation activities should become a city renewal strategy. Due to the slogan “who shares, gets more” and on the basis of a evaluated common good contribution not only monetary but also alternative, non-monetary incentives will be taken into account to foster urban renewal.
Sustainable cities and communities – Best practices for structuring a SDG model
Authors: Neumann K
Published: September 2019

The UN’s SDGs are powerful beacons to a better world yet some of their targets remain vague for the sake of special interest groups. They are sometimes synergetic and quite often ambivalent. On a concrete operative level it is therefore a challenge to plan for them fostering synergetic measures and minimizing trade-offs. Since many concrete projects that go for the SDGs are rather unique and need to consider many stakeholders, the systemic approach of a participatory explorative cause and effect modeling should be applied in order to tackle the underlying complexity of these projects. On the example of SDG 11 and with the use of the software iMODELER the approach is presented offering some best practice for structuring a SDG model, facilitating participatory stakeholder workshops, identifying levers for successful action, and establishing a culture of reflection. Although this approach has been applied successfully in Africa as well as in Germany it is also crucial to prevent typical hindrances. A kind of template for a model structure will be presented for both, a town in a developing country and a town in an industrialized country.
VinylPlus® and the VinylPlus Product Label. Could the industry label be integrated into independent sustainability certification schemes?
Authors: Sevenster A , Stone V , Schratt H
Published: September 2019

In building & construction (B&C), polymeric materials are being used for roofing and waterproofing membranes, coated fabrics (“textile architecture”), window profiles, electrical installation, flooring, pipes, etc. The most widely used plastic for such long-life applications in B&C is Vinyl (PVC). VinylPlus is the value chain’s commitment for sustainable development. The voluntary commitment has a track record with publicly available progress reports, based on third party auditing and monitoring since 2001. More recently: After having substituted certain additives such as lead compounds, that had previously been used as stabilizers, and after abandoning mercury cell technology, VinylPlus is addressing further needs of the sustainability communities, e.g. by zooming in on additives and complementing standard LCA requirements. The VinylPlus voluntary commitment for sustainable development has been developing an additives sustainability footprint (ASF) and a set of criteria for its product label.

The scope and the current status of those tools will be presented and examples be given in order to document the relevance of those efforts. The information given is intended to fuel the discussion on how can / to which extent should those value chain commitments be integrated into existing sustainability.
PolyStyreneLoop – The circular economy in action
Authors: Demacsek C , Tange L , Reichenecker A , Altnau G
Published: September 2019

For decades polystyrene (PS) foam is known as an efficient insulation material in the building and construction environment. At the end of its very long useful life, the waste remains a valuable material source for a variety of products. However, the flame retardant HBCD, which has been used since the 1960s until 2017, is considered a pollutant and millions of tons of PS foam waste can no longer be regularly recycled.

PolyStyreneLoop is developing a solution with a physico-chemical recycling process, based on the CreaSolv® Technology. The applied technology turns PS foam waste into new high-quality raw material. During the recycling process, impurities, such as cement or other construction residues, as well as the imbedded flame retardant HBCD are safely removed. The HBCD is destroyed, while the valuable bromine component and polystyrene are recovered.

In 2019 an industrial scale demonstration plant (with the capability to handle 3.3 kt of PS insulation foam waste per year) will be built in the Netherlands. The plant is aimed at starting up by the end of 2019. Subsequently the technical, economic and environmental viability of this new recycling process will be assessed. When proven to be successful, the process will be further rolled out with additional commercial plants in other countries throughout Europe.
Building Physics as a Tool for Development of New Components: Roof Window
Authors: Tywoniak J , Calta V , Staněk K , Novák J , Maierová L
Published: September 2019

Knowledge and instruments of building physics (calculation methods and measuring procedures) can be used as key tools and perspectives to develop new components for building envelopes. This paper illustrates this fact by presenting the successful development of a roof window fulfilling higher requirements on reduction of overall heat losses and avoiding the risk of water vapor condensation on surfaces at very low external temperatures (thermal transmittance below 0.7 W/m2K in the first generation, close to 0.5 W/m2K in the second one) and better daylight distribution for the interior. This is the result of a publicly supported project with an industrial partner: from a general idea through detailed analysis of thermal performance in geometrical and material alternatives up to construction, prototyping, and verification by measurements and certification. Building physics tools applied in the project are discussed here together with lessons learned which are important for technical design. An effective shading system equipped with PV elements for energy smart harvesting is mentioned in the conclusion.