bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping Outflowing Gas in the Fermi Bubbles: A UV Absorption Survey of the Galactic Nuclear Wind*
Authors: Ashley Trisha , Fox Andrew J. , Jenkins Edward B. , Wakker Bart P. , Bordoloi Rongmon , Lockman Felix J. , Savage Blair D. , Karim Tanveer
Published: July 2020

Using new ultraviolet (UV) spectra of five background quasars from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, we analyze the low-latitude (

) regions of the Fermi Bubbles, the giant gamma-ray-emitting lobes at the Galactic Center. We combine these data with previous UV and atomic hydrogen (H i) data sets to build a comprehensive picture of the kinematics and metal column densities of the cool outflowing clouds entrained in the Fermi Bubbles. We find that the number of UV absorption components per sight line decreases as a function of increasing latitude, suggesting that the outflowing clouds become less common with increasing latitude. The Fermi Bubble H i clouds are accelerated up to b ∼ 7°, whereas when we model the UV Fermi Bubbles clouds’ deprojected flow velocities, we find that they are flat or even accelerating with distance from the Galactic center. This trend, which holds in both the northern and southern hemispheres, indicates that the nuclear outflow accelerates clouds throughout the Fermi Bubbles or has an acceleration phase followed by a coasting phase. Finally, we note the existence of several blueshifted high-velocity clouds at latitudes exceeding ∼30°, whose velocities cannot be explained by gas clouds confined to the inside of the gamma-ray-defined Fermi Bubbles. These anomalous-velocity clouds are likely in front of the Fermi Bubbles and could be remnants from past nuclear outflows. Overall, these observations form a valuable set of empirical data on the properties of cool gas in nuclear winds from star-forming galaxies.
Semianalytic Expressions for the Isolation and Coupling of Mixed Modes
Authors: Ong 王 J. M. Joel 加冕 , Basu Sarbani
Published: July 2020

In the oscillation spectra of giant stars, nonradial modes may be seen to undergo avoided crossings, which produce a characteristic “mode bumping” of the otherwise uniform asymptotic p- and g-mode patterns in their respective echelle diagrams. Avoided crossings evolve very quickly relative to typical observational errors and are therefore extremely useful in determining precise ages of stars, particularly in subgiants. This phenomenon is caused by coupling between modes in the p- and g-mode cavities that are near resonance with each other. Most theoretical analyses of the coupling between these mode cavities rely on the Jeffreys–Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approach, which is strictly speaking inapplicable to the low-order g modes observed in subgiants or the low-order p modes seen in very evolved red giants. We present both a nonasymptotic prescription for isolating the two mode cavities, as well as a perturbative (and also nonasymptotic) description of the coupling between them, which we show to hold good for the low-order g and p modes in these physical situations. Finally, we discuss how these results may be applied to modeling subgiant stars and determining their global properties from oscillation frequencies. We also make our code for all of these computations publicly available.
Low Water Outgassing from (24) Themis and (65) Cybele: 3.1 μm Near-IR Spectral Implications
Authors: O’Rourke L. , Müller T. G. , Biver N. , Bockelée-Morvan D. , Hasegawa S. , Valtchanov I. , Küppers M. , Fornasier S. , Campins H. , Fujiwara H. , Teyssier D. , Lim T.
Published: July 2020

Asteroids (24) Themis and (65) Cybele have an absorption feature at 3.1 μm reported to be directly linked to surface water ice. We searched for water vapor escaping from these asteroids with the Herschel Space Observatory Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared. While no H2O line emission was detected, we obtain sensitive 3σ water production rate upper limits of Q(H2O) < 4.1 × 1026 molecules s−1 for Themis and Q(H2O) < 7.6 × 1026 molecules s−1 for Cybele. Using a thermophysical model, we merge data from the Subaru/Cooled Mid-Infrared Camera and Spectrometer and the Herschel/Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver with the contents of a multi-observatory database to derive new radiometric properties for these two asteroids. For Themis, we find a thermal inertia

J m−2 s−1/2 K−1, a diameter

km, and a geometric V-band albedo p

V
 = 0.07 ± 0.01. For Cybele, we obtain a thermal inertia

J m−2 s−1/2 K−1, a diameter 282 ± 9 km, and an albedo p

V
 = 0.042 ± 0.005. Using all inputs, we estimate that water ice intimately mixed with the asteroids’ dark surface material would cover <0.0017% (for Themis) and <0.0033% (for Cybele) of their surfaces, while an areal mixture with very clean ice (Bond albedo 0.8 for Themis and 0.7 for Cybele) would cover <2.2% (for Themis) and <1.5% (for Cybele) of their surfaces. While surface (and subsurface) water ice may exist in small localized amounts on both asteroids, it is not the reason for the observed 3.1 μm absorption feature.
Extended Point-spread Functions for Deep Astronomical Imaging Surveys
Authors: Baena-Gallé Roberto , Infante-Sainz Raúl , Akhlaghi Mohammad , Trujillo Ignacio , Knapen Johan H.
Published: July 2020

The low surface brightness (LSB) universe is one of the last frontiers in observational astronomy. However, uncovering the information contained in ultra-deep imaging is technically challenging. In this contribution, we present one of the fundamental tools of LSB astronomers: correcting for the extended Point-Spread Function (PSF), which is critical to characterize the LSB properties of astronomical images. We show how to build the extended PSF (approximately 5′ in radius), in 5 bands (grizY), of one of the most important modern deep surveys: the Hyper-Suprime Camera (HSC) one on the 8.2 m Subaru telescope. These PSFs have been obtained by sampling individual point-like sources at different brightness. The techniques used here can be applied to the next generation of deep astronomical imaging surveys as the LSST.
The first record of Dryadaulidae (Lepidoptera, Tineoidea) from Korea with the description of a new species, Dryadaula koreana sp. nov.
Authors: Roh Seung Jin , Shin Young-Min , Lee Dong-Jun , Byun Bong-Kyu
Published: July 2020

The family Dryadaulidae Bradley is reported from Korea for the first time. In addition, a new species, Dryadaula koreana Roh & Byun, sp. nov. is described. All available information, including the collecting localities and illustrations of adults and genitalia are provided.
Kinesitheraphy in trimalleolar fracture – case report
Authors: Becheva Maria
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the paper is to prove the efficacy of a kinesitherapeutic program intherecovery of a patient with trimalleolar fractureofthe left lower limb.We present a 42-year-old patient with a trimalleolar fracture and paresis of n. peroneus communis. Kinesitherapy was performed after thirteen weeks of surgery for ten consecutive days. The kinesitherapeuticmeans included: cryotherapy, lymphatic drainage massage, isometric contractions for the femur muscles, active exercises with and without resistance, active exercises with and on gymnastic apparatuses, post-isometric relaxation for the sciatic musculature and m. triceps surai, training in walking.As a result of the kinesitherapeutic exercises, the ankle swelling decreased.The volume of movement increased, pain was reduced as well as the muscle spasm in the ankle joint. The gait improved.
HPLC MS/MS method development for the quantitative determination of verapamil hydrochloride from Caco-2 cell monolayers
Authors: Logoyda Liliya , Herasymiuk Maksym , Popovych Dariya , Pidruchna Svitlana , Hlushok Vitaliy , Herasymiuk Nazar , Zarivna Nadiya
Published: July 2020

Aim. An understanding of the role that transporters, in particular P-glycoprotein (P-gp), can play in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of candidate drugs, and an assessment of how these processes might impact on toxicity and the potential for drug-drug interactions in the clinic, is required to support drug development and registration. It is therefore necessary to validate preclinical assays for the in vitro evaluation of candidate drugs as substrates or inhibitors of human P-gp. 2. A simple, rapid HPLC MS/MS method was developed for determination of verapamil hydrochloride from confluent Caco-2 monolayers and from aqueous solution.

Materials and methods. Chromatography was achieved on Discovery C18, 50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm column. Samples were chromatographed in a gradient mode (eluent A (acetonitrile – water – formic acid, 5 : 95 : 0.1 v/v), eluent B (acetonitrile – formic acid, 100 : 0.1 v/v)). The initial content of the eluent B is 0%, which increases linearly by 1.0 min to 100% and to 1.01 min returns to the initial 0%. The mobile phase was delivered at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min into the mass spectrometer ESI chamber. The sample volume was 5 μl.

Results. Under these conditions, verapamil hydrochloride was eluted at 1.08 min. A linear response function was established at 1 – 100 ng/mL. The regression equation for the analysis was Y = 0.0162x + 0.00391 with coefficient of correction (R2) = 0.9992. According to the Caco-2 test results, verapamil showed low permeability. It should be noted that the recovery value for verapamil hydrochloride is 102.69%. The within-run coefficients of variation ranged between 0.336% and 0.617% for verapamil. The within-run percentages of nominal concentrations ranged between 98.82% and 100.62% for verapamil. The between-run coefficients of variation ranged between 0.334% and 0.612% for verapamil. The between-run percentages of nominal concentrations ranged between 98.97% and 101.76% for verapamil. The assay values on both the occasions (intra- and inter-day) were found to be within the accepted limits.

Conclusion. From results of analysis, it can be concluded that developed method is simple and rapid for determination of verapamil hydrochloride from confluent Caco-2 monolayers and from aqueous solution. Acquired results demonstrate that proposed strategy can be effortlessly and advantageously applied for examination of verapamil hydrochloride from Caco-2 cell monolayers.
Induction of flavonoid biosynthesis by in vitro cultivation of Astragalus glycyphyllos L.
Authors: Popova Pavlinka , Zarev Yancho , Shkondrov Aleksandar , Krasteva Ilina , Ionkova Iliana
Published: July 2020

Establishment of in vitro cultures from Astragalus glycyphyllos, determination of biomass and analysis of total flavonoids, rutin and camelliaside A were performed. To increase flavonoid production various combinations of plant hormones and light/dark regimen were investigated. Suspension cultures with exogenous quercetin were evaluated for possible increase in flavonoid production. Shoots, calli and suspensions were successfully established. Rutin and camelliaside A were proved in highest amount in shoots. Calli, cultivated on modified G48 medium, with double amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+, achieved higher total flavonoid content (2.37 and 2.03 mg/g DW). Suspensions cultures, cultivated on modified G48 medium with 10, 20 and 30 mg/mL quercetin achieved higher total flavonoid content (0.09, 0.10 and 0.13 mg/mg DW). Biotransformation of quercetin to isoquercitrin was achieved. The highest concentration of isoquercitrin (56.73 ng/mg DW) was observed on suspensions cultures cultivated on modified G48 medium, with 20 mg/mL quercetin.
Supercritical carbon dioxide pasteurization to reduce the activity of muscle protease and its impact on physicochemical properties of Nile tilapia
Authors: Sugiharto Sugeng , Bintoro Nursigit , Karyadi Joko , Pranoto Yudi
Published: July 2020

The studies of the effect of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) pasteurization on solid food from fish origin are scarcely available. This study was intended to address that gap by investigating the effect of scCO2on the reduction of muscle protease activity and its impact on physicochemical properties of the Nile tilapia. Tilapia were exposed to CO2pressure at 70, 75, 80, 85, and 90 bar; temperature at 40 °C; and holding time for 15 min. This study discovered that 80 bar was the minimum pressure to achieve half residual activity of muscle protease and two logs reductions of microbial counts. The applications of 80 and 85 bar were found to achieve significant reduction of tilapia muscle protease activity while still maintained acceptable textural properties. Both 80 and 85 bar were found to be effective to inhibit softening development of tilapia fillet during 14 days of chilled storage. Eighty-five bar and 15 min CO2pasteurization was considered as maximum level of CO2pressure that tilapia could withstand without degrading its texture significantly.
Application of Nelder wheel experimental design in forestry research
Authors: Stankova Tatiana
Published: July 2020

This article presents a concise review on the forestry research, which involves application of a Nelder wheel experimental design, a type of systematic design for spacing trials. Short presentation of the design is included, practical applications of various objectives and methodological approaches to data analysis are outlined and the pros and cons of the design are discussed.
Spread of the invasive pathogen Lecanosticta acicola on species of Pinus in Bulgaria
Authors: Georgieva Margarita
Published: July 2020

The brown spot needle blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Lecanosticta acicola, has been the most serious and damaging disease on needles of Pinus spp. in recent years. In Bulgaria, the pathogen was reported for the first time in 2017 in a generative plantation of Pinus sylvestris in the region of the State Forestry Ardino, the Eastern Rhodopes. The newly- established invasive pathogen is considered highly adaptable to new hosts and environmental conditions. The life cycle and symptoms of the disease strongly suggest that the new emerging pathogen has the potential to cause severe damages and is a serious threat to naturally distributed species of Pinus in the country. In the period 2018-2019, a spread of L. acicola from the initial outbreak was established throughout stands of P. sylvestris and P. nigra on the territory of Kardzhali District.
Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers, an efficient and affordable tool for evaluation genetic diversity in forest areas
Authors: Zagorcheva Tzvetelina , Rusanov Krasimir , Bosmali Eirini , Madesis Panagiotis , Tsvetkov Ivan , Atanasov Ivan
Published: July 2020

This article describes testing the application of SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers for characterisation of a small set of plants of Quercus coccifera L and samples from 25 other forest tree species. The results suggest that SRAP markers could be used as an affordable and efficient tool for the characterisation of the genetic diversity in populations of tree species as a part of the characterisation of forest biodiversity and the related decision making and management.
Gestalt-thérapeute, clown praticien, installé à l’île de Groix (Morbihan)
Authors: Devinat François
Published: July 2020

L’auteur est parti en retraite sur un îlot breton dénué de tout « psy ». Le praticien Gestaltiste qu’il reste s’interroge : va-t-il reprendre du service pour rompre l’isolement des îliens ou bien se vouer à contempler l’infinitude de l’océan ? Entre les deux, son cœur balance. Il a apporté ici toute sa bibliothèque de « psy », son cabinet est installé. Se jeter à l’eau, oui. Mais dans quelle posture et vers quel horizon ? Sur l’ajustement créateur et une posture à inventer, une méditation poétique et forte.
Une histoire d’amour et de musique
Authors: Gassin Marie-Laure
Published: July 2020

Mue par la Gestalt dès l’université, curieuse insatiable, je la compare avec les autres thérapeutiques. Une grande partie de mon existence fut assidue à rechercher les ressorts de la thérapie. Avec le recul, je porte un regard englobant sur le paysage thérapeutique, à partir d’autres théories, comme de mon expérience vécue. Ce texte « tricote » trois brins : des questions de posture et méthode, des observations, des retours sur mon parcours. Soit une fugue pour thérapie bien tempérée, une histoire d’amour avec les séductions du début puis les déceptions, et les retrouvailles d’une longue relation.
Influence of the use of technology through problem based learning and Inkuiri models are leading to scientific communication students class VII
Authors: Setyawan Agung , Aznam Nurfina , Paidi Paidi , Citrawati Tyasmiarni
Published: July 2020

Problem Based Learning (PBL) and guided inquiry learning model develops intellectual ability as part of mental process. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of scientific communication ability between students who learn to use PBL model and guided inquiry, and to know whether there is influence the use of technology through PBL model and guided inquiry model to student scientific communication. The experimental research was conducted in 2 schools (SMP & MTs) Grobogan District. Examples consisted of 10 classes with 6 PBL model learning models, 4 guided inquiry model and 1 control class. The sample size is 352 students. Instruments using student worksheets and student research reports. The analysis used a one way variance with a significance level of 5% supported by students' skill and classical completeness. The results show the PBL model by giving the video at the beginning of learning gives the biggest influence with the average 83.615. The conclusion of this research is the better model of PBL in terms of individual capability, guided inquiry model better in terms of classical mastery. Improving scientific communication skills more effectively using PBL by providing video at the beginning of learning, followed by guided inquiry model with scientific reasoning. scientific communication skills more effectively using PBL with early video-giving activities and guided inquiry models with scientific reasoning.
Effect of a Psychiatric Department Liaison Team on Patient Treatment and Outcomes
Authors: Hino Kousuke , Nomoto Munetaka , Endo Emi , Watanabe Atsuhiko , Sakamoto Osamu , Takahashi Yuichi
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to determine whether implementation of a psychiatric liaison team is effective for early intervention in patients who have risk factors and improvement of their outcomes. To accomplish this, the medical records of 1,263 inpatients undergoing psychiatric consultation before and after implementation of the liaison team were retrospectively compared. Comparison results showed increases in consultation requests, mainly due to increased referrals at the cardiovascular center (19.8% vs 33.3%), patients with delirium (44.5% vs 51.8%), and frequency of nurses' referrals (0% vs 26.7%); but significant decreases in waiting time before consultation request (11 vs 9 days), duration of hospital stay (36 vs 30 days), and incidents (number of falls and inadvertent tube removal) in patients with delirium before treatment (35.8% vs 26%) were also observed. A significant increase in the use of physical restraint (36.6% to 44.8%) was noted. The results of this study show that implementation of the psychiatric liaison team enabled early intervention and a reduction in delirium-associated incidents.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2020;50(8):355–363.]
Torsion of Wandering Spleen and its adherence to the right ovary - An unusual cause of recurrent pain abdomen
Authors: Gulati Malvika , Suman Abhishek , Satyam Satyam , Garg Anju
Published: July 2020

Wandering spleen is a rare condition in which the spleen is hypermobile due to laxity or lack of its supporting ligaments. It can be located anywhere in the abdomen besides its usual position. The other terms that are used to describe this condition are splenic ptosis, displaced spleen, dislocated spleen and ectopic spleen. Splenic torsion is a dreaded complication and the usual cause of symptoms. There is a high chance of missing the diagnosis as it remains asymptomatic or may be incidentally discovered on radio-imaging done for a different purpose. An acute abdomen is the most common presentation. Here we describe an unusual case presenting with torsion of the wandering spleen that was adherent to the right ovary.
Penetrating chest trauma after attempted suicide: An extraordinary behavior of a posttraumatic pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Nyilas Sylvia , Ott Daniel , Von Tengg-Kobligk Hendrik , Poellinger Alexander , Dorn Patrick
Published: July 2020

Posttraumatic pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm is a very rare, yet potentially lethal complication after thoracic trauma. Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm is associated with high mortality. Still literature highlights that untreated, lesions can enlarge, rupture, and lead to exsanguination and death. We present a case of a posttraumatic peripheral pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm with complete disappearance after one year. This case confirms that conservative treatment can be an effective option in asymptomatic and stable patients.
Pleomorphic Sarcoma in a Patient with Osteopetrosis
Authors: McGill Kevin C , Motamedi Daria , Azimi Nima , Horvai Andrew , O'Donnell Richard J
Published: July 2020

Osteopetrosis comprises a rare, heterogeneous group of heritable conditions that are characterized by a defect in bone resorption by osteoclasts. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman with previously undiagnosed osteopetrosis who presented with a pathologic proximal humeral fracture secondary to pleomorphic sarcoma, which is previously undescribed in the English literature. Management of the primary lesion necessitated ablative surgery, but the malignancy nonetheless was associated with rapidly progressive metastatic disease.
Parents' Involvement in the Education of their Children with Autism: Related Research and its Results
Authors: Chaidi Irene , Drigas Athanasios
Published: July 2020

Parents' active participation in the diagnostic and therapeutic process of children with developmental disorders is considered by experts to be an important factor in the long-term struggle to educate people with autism. According to relevant bibliographical references, the benefits of parental education have been proven for decades.

Researchers [1], [2] underline the positive outcomes of parent behavior training programs for children with developmental disabilities.

Surveys conducted to date show that results show parents can implement the strategies they have recently learned and are generally very pleased with parent's education programs. However, findings related to children's communication and socioemotional skills, parent-child interactions were unclear [3].
The Use of GeoGebra in Disadvantaged Rural Geometry Classrooms
Authors: Manganyana Collen , Van Putten Sonja , Rauscher Willem
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate how the implementation of GeoGebra by teachers who had recently attended a GeoGebra training course, impacts on learner experience and achievement. The study was conducted in four disadvantaged and under resourced schools situated in rural areas of the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. Despite the curriculum’s encouragement to use educational technology in the mathematics classroom, and evidence of the benefits of such use, literature indicates that most mathematics teachers still struggle with effective technology integration into their classrooms. Within the non-equivalent quasi-experimental design of this study, a quantitative approach was used. The conceptual framework involved the first two levels of Kirkpatrick’s (1996) four level framework. Four Grade 10 classes comprising of 165 learners participated in this research. Data collection involved a questionnaire administered to the experimental group, as well as pre- and post-tests assessing the achievement of the learners regarding the properties of quadrilaterals administered to both the experimental and control groups. Results from the quantitative data analysis showed a significant difference in the mean scores with a mean difference of 6.5 in favour of learners taught with GeoGebra compared to a chalk and talk method. Implementation of and enthusiasm about GeoGebra had a positive influence on learner achievement. Analysis of the questionnaire responses indicated a positive reaction towards the use of GeoGebra in learning about quadrilaterals. Based on the results, it was concluded that GeoGebra as a pedagogical tool can work effectively in deep rural schools where geometry is hardly taught.
Using Variation Theory as a Guiding Principle in an OOP Assisted Syntax Correction Learning System
Authors: Lee Ming-Che , Chang Jia-Wei , Wang Tzone I , Huang Zi Feng
Published: July 2020

Object-oriented programming skill is important for the software professionals. It has become a mandatory course in information science and computer engineering departments of universities. However, it is hard for novice learners to understand the syntax and semantics of the language while learning object-oriented programming, and that makes them feel frustrated. The purpose of this study is to build an object-oriented programming assistant system that gives syntax error feedback based the variation theory. We established the syntax correction module on the basis of the Virtual Teaching Assistant (VTA). While compiling codes, the system will display syntax errors, if any, with feedbacks that are designed according to the variation theory in different levels (the generation, contrast, separation, and fusion levels) to help them correcting the errors. The experiment design of this study splits the participants, who are university freshmen, into two groups by the S-type method based on the result of a mid-term test. The learning performances and questionnaires were used for surveying, followed by in-depth inter-views, to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed assistant system. The findings indicate that the learners in the experimental group achieved better learning outcomes than their counterparts in the control group. This can also prove that the strategy of using the variation theory in implementing feed-back for object-oriented programming is effective.
Group Counseling with The Gestalt Technique to Reduce Academic Procrastination
Authors: Gading I Ketut
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group counsel-ing with the Gestalt approach to diminish academic procrastination behavior in high school students. This research is experimental research with a posttest only control group design. The study population was students in four high schools that were indicated to have high academic procrastination behavior. A total of 61 students who were identified as having high academic procrastination behavior were directly made into sample members. Samples from each school were ran-domly divided as an experiment group and a control group at each school. Aca-demic procrastination behavior data before and after treatment were analyzed us-ing the Academic Procrastination Behavior Measurement Instrument, while the hypothesis was tested using a t-test. The result shows that group counseling with the Gestalt approach was effective in overcoming the academic procrastination behavior of high school students.
Micro-Course Model Based on Precision Teaching Theory—An Exploratory Course on Sports Scientific Research Methods
Authors: Su Taotao
Published: July 2020

The course of Sports Scientific Research Methods is mainly designed to help students acquire knowledge on sports scientific research methods in order to lay a good foundation for their engaging in sports scientific research in future. Considering the current teaching system which is not time-efficient, “Internet+”-based micro-course was developed to focus on Precision Teaching model of the Sports Scientific Research Methods. To conduct this study, students’ overall learning process data, classroom teaching process data and teaching affair administration data were collected firstly. Individual-oriented Precision Teaching model was designed by integrating a series of new educational ideas and analysis methods such as Precision Teaching, big data analysis and adaptive learning technology under the context of digital learning. The teaching model was set with Precision Teaching function modules based on “Internet+” technology in the form of micro-course for teachers and students respectively. Lastly, student learning attribute analysis system was built to focus on student attributes for evaluating student learning ability, learning state and task independence. Teaching practice proves that the model is helpful to promote students’ learning interest largely and has enriched the teaching model of the Sports Scientific Research Methods.
A Questionnaire Survey on the Sense of Educational and Social Equities among College Students in China
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Wang Junchen , Li Zengxin
Published: July 2020

The sense of equity reflects how fair a domain is as evaluated by those engaging in that domain. It is very meaningful to explore the sense of equity among college students, which are a special group of people. This study carried out a questionnaire survey on the sense of equity among 982 college students in China, from the perspectives of educational equity and social equity. The questions were validated by the 27/73 quantile method, and the survey results were analyzed through one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). The results showed that the college students could evaluate the sense of equity rather accurately and generally had a higher sense of equity, but failed to sense the social outcome equity well; their sense of social equity was lower than the sense of educational equity; the sense of equity varied between college students in different majors: the science majors had a lower sense of equity than those majoring in liberal arts; some college students had a misunderstanding of equity.
Horizontal Integration with Emphasize on IoT: from Tropical Functional Food Research to Teaching Excellence
Authors: Rahmadi Anton , Rohmah Miftakhur , Sagena Unis
Published: July 2020

The laboratory is a research powerhouse being a transportation membrane to propagate new and proven knowledge. This paper aims to descriptively disseminate the concept of horizontal integration from research in tropical functional food resources to teaching excellence framework with an emphasize on IoT Technology. The five-stage framework includes (1) vision internalization, (2) persistence propagation, (3) new technology adaptation, (4) extending collaboration, and (5) outcome integration. The vision internalization stage produces a better understanding of the big picture and systematic approach required, including the division of experiments to research attendance. The experience is then brought to Research Methodology and Research Design classes. In the second stage, persistence propagation may be better translated to relentlessly solving the problem and to increase the laboratory power. The persistence propagation also includes providing fail-safe and verification procedures of possibly dubious results produced in the laboratory. In the end, it may improve operating procedures or methods in a laboratory manual. The movement of open hardware makes it possible for faster technology adaptation to food-laboratory. For example, measuring functional food material drying kinetics is now quickly adopted as a result of recent IoT technology. In a later stage, IoT is integrated into the closest courses, i.e., Introduction to Computer or Programming in Food Technology. The research may reach a milestone that requires expansion and sophisticated equipment beyond the capacity of the laboratory. Therefore, collaboration is needed between laboratories within the university or greater. Students are prepared to conduct functional food research in partner laboratories; hence, the requisite bench skills are better taught. The last stage happens when new and related knowledge is accumulated, i.e., umbrella research in functional food produces several publications and theses. Researchers may visit and align the current curriculum in the subject of Functional Food Technology. In summary, the horizontal integration with an emphasize on IoT Technology results in a unique set of research-teaching excellence framework that is incrementally developed.
Developing a Conceptual Framework for Zakat Collection and Distribution Impact on Social Welfare Through Implications of SDGs
Authors: Ashurov Sharofiddin , Alhabshi Syed Musa bin Syed Jaafar , Othman Anwar Hasan Abdullah , Habibullah Mohammad , Muhamad Yusof Mohd Sukri
Published: July 2020

Although Islamic social finance including zakat has witnessed an upsurge in development in quantum, which reached US$2 trillion in 2015 and is projected to exceed US$3 trillion by 2020, due to a lack of transparency, trust, and timely disclosure to public has resulted in inefficient of zakat collection and ineffective disbursement for the wellbeing of recipients. The reason for this could be neglecting adoption of financial technology specifically blockchain and artificial intelligence system in zakat management to enhance proper collection and efficient distributions timely and effectively reporting to public. Therefore, this research proposes an ‘Islamic Social Welfare Financial Technology' (ISW FinTech) as an innovative framework that assesses zakat institutions operational efficiency of zakat collection, transparency, and effective distribution that would lead to wellbeing of zakat recipients. This framework is based on new six clusters according to their needs and priority, which convert them from being zakat recipients into zakat payers.
Zakat Accounting Review for Takaful Operators in Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Mohamad Helmi
Published: July 2020

Many would say that most Quranic verses related to zakat were on the compulsory of zakat and its function as a pillar of Islam. Is it the only function of the said Shariah evidences? The author corrects the understanding of majority. That is because most reading materials pertaining to zakat were on the origin of zakat and its nature of business only. Not many found reading materials showing that the provision of zakat in Shariah evidences were also talking on zakat accounting and its matrices and calculations. However, research teams have found that inconsistent calculations and outputs came from various respondents, especially zakat authorities, zakat agents, and Shariah advisors (lectures stand as Shariah Advisory Committee in Takaful Operators). Hence, this research has proved that there is a need to come out with a reviewable version of Zakat Accounting for Takaful Operators due to different nature of business models used therein among the Takaful Operators.
Academy and Company Needs
Authors: da Cunha Tiago Martins
Published: July 2020

This chapter presents a view of how the use of NLP knowledge might change the relation between universities and companies. Products from NLP analysis are expected in both ends of this at times not so reciprocal exchange. But history has shown the products developed by universities and companies are complementary for the development of NLP. The great volume of data the world is producing is requiring newer perspectives to provide understanding. These newer aspects found on big data may provide the comprehension of human language categorization and therefore possibly human language acquisition. But to process data more data need to be produced and not all companies have the time to dedicate for this task. This chapter aims to present through sharing literature review and experience in the field that partnerships are the most reliable resource for the cycle of knowledge production in NLP. Companies need to be receptive of the theoretical knowledge the university may provide, and universities must turn their theoretical knowledge for a more applied envionment.
Deriving Business Value From Online Data Sources Using Natural Language Processing Techniques
Authors: Camilleri Stephen
Published: July 2020

The wealth of information produced over the internet empowers businesses to become data-driven organizations, increasing their ability to predict consumer behavior, take more informed strategic decisions, and remain competitive on the market. However, past research did not identify which online data sources companies should choose to achieve such an objective. This chapter aims to analyse how online news articles, social media messages, and user reviews can be exploited by businesses using natural language processing (NLP) techniques to build business intelligence. NLP techniques assist computers to understand and derive a valuable meaning from human (natural) languages. Following a brief introduction to NLP and a description of how these three text streams differ from each other, the chapter discusses six main factors that can assist businesses in choosing one data source from another. The chapter concludes with future directions towards improving business applications involving NLP techniques.
An Extensive Text Mining Study for the Turkish Language
Authors: Şahin Durmuş Özkan , Kılıç Erdal
Published: July 2020

In this study, the authors give both theoretical and experimental information about text mining, which is one of the natural language processing topics. Three different text mining problems such as news classification, sentiment analysis, and author recognition are discussed for Turkish. They aim to reduce the running time and increase the performance of machine learning algorithms. Four different machine learning algorithms and two different feature selection metrics are used to solve these text classification problems. Classification algorithms are random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), naive bayes (NB), and sequential minimal optimization (SMO). Chi-square and information gain metrics are used as the feature selection method. The highest classification performance achieved in this study is 0.895 according to the F-measure metric. This result is obtained by using the SMO classifier and information gain metric for news classification. This study is important in terms of comparing the performances of classification algorithms and feature selection methods.
A Critical Review of the Current State of Natural Language Processing in Mexico and Chile
Authors: Aguilar César , Acosta Olga
Published: July 2020

This chapter presents a critical review of the current state of natural language processing in Chile and Mexico. Specifically, a general review is made regarding the technological evolution of these countries in this area of research and development, as well as the progress they have made so far. Subsequently, the remaining problems and challenges are addressed. Specifically, two are analyzed in detail here: (1) the lack of a strategic policy that helps to establish stronger links between academia and industry and (2) the lack of a technological inclusion of the indigenous languages, which causes a deep digital divide between Spanish (considered in Chile and Mexico as their official language) with them.
Numerical Modelling of Hydrodynamic Instabilities in Supercritical Fluids
Authors: Amiroudine Sakir
Published: July 2020

The case of a supercritical fluid heated from below (Rayleigh-Bénard) in a rectangular cavity is first presented. The stability of the two boundary layers (hot and cold) is analyzed by numerically solving the Navier-Stokes equations with a van der Waals gas and stability diagrams are derived. The very large compressibility and the very low heat diffusivity of near critical pure fluids induce very large density gradients which lead to a Rayleigh–Taylor-like gravitational instability of the heat diffusion layer and results in terms of growth rates and wave numbers are presented. Depending on the relative direction of the interface or the boundary layer with respect to vibration, vibrational forces can destabilize a thermal boundary layer, resulting in parametric/Rayleigh vibrational instabilities. This has recently been achieved by using a numerical model which does not require any equation of state and directly calculates properties from NIST data base, for instance.
Thermal-Mechanical Effects and Near-Critical Fluid Dynamic Behaviors in Micro-Scale
Authors: Chen Lin
Published: July 2020

Supercritical CO2 fluid has been widely used in chemical extraction, chemical synthesis, micro-manufacturing, and heat transfer apparatus, and so forth. The current chapter deals with near-critical CO2 micro-scale thermal convective flow and the effects of thermal-mechanical process. When the scale becomes smaller, new, and detailed figures of near-critical thermal effects emerges. To explore this new area, theoretical developments and numerical investigations are discussed and explained in this chapter. From a theoretical point of view, the thermal-mechanical nature of near-critical fluid would play a leading role in small time and spatial scales. This effect is found dominant to the thermal dynamic responses and convective structures of micro-scale fluid behaviors. The scaling effects, boundary thermal-mechanical process, instability evolutions, mixing flows and characteristics, possible extensions, and applications are also discussed in this chapter.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Abnormal Thermo-Mechanical Effects in Supercritical Fluid
Authors: Emelyanov Victor , Gorbunov Alexander , Lednev Andrey
Published: July 2020

At least three regions can be distinguished on the phase diagram where one-phase fluid has abnormal thermo-mechanical properties: (1) the region above the thermodynamic critical point, strictly the supercritical fluid (SCF); (2) the region close to the coexistence curve; and (3) the region where (d2p/dv2)S<0. This chapter is devoted to the experimental and numerical study of abnormal effects in (1) and (3) regions. The calculations are carried out with the use of equations of Navier-Stokes, mass conservation, energy balance, and van der Waals or perfect gas equation of state. Two basic characteristic features of the SCF near the critical point, the accelerated temperature rise in the bulk heated from boundaries (so-called “piston effect”) and very slow relaxation of the generated inhomogeneities of thermodynamic parameters are studied. For region (3) the abnormal regimes of propagation of the shock and rarefaction waves after decay of a discontinuity are found.
Heat Transfer Enhancement and Coordination Optimization for Supercritical CO2 Heat Exchanger
Authors: Guo Jiangfeng , Zhang Haiyan , Cui Xinying
Published: July 2020

The heat transfer performance of supercritical CO2 (sCO2) in straight and three enhanced tubes were presented firstly, and then a distributed coordination principle was proposed for the design and optimization of heat exchangers. The field synergy principle could explain the thermal-hydraulic performance of sCO2 in different channels very well. The ratio of secondary number to Reynolds number Se/Re could give great predictions for the buoyancy effect. The local heat transfer coefficient also has a lot to do with the near-wall effective thermal conductivity. Zigzag channels with bend angles between 110° to 130° exhibit the best comprehensive performance. With smaller curvature diameter or larger camber, the serpentine channel has better overall performance. Two novel fins were proposed to further improve the performance of PCHE. The heat exchanger performance depends not only on the values of parameters but also on their distributed coordination, which provides a novel approach to heat exchanger optimization of sCO2 through the coordination improvement of distributed parameters.
The Basic Thermal Hydraulic Issues of Applying Supercritical Fluid to Nuclear Reactors
Authors: Zang Jinguang , Yan Xiao , Huang Yanping
Published: July 2020

This chapter is mainly focused on illustrating some introductory progress on thermal hydraulic issues of supercritical water, including heat transfer characteristics, pressure loss characteristics, flow stability issues, and numerical method. These works are mainly to give a basic idea of elementary but important topics in this area. An analytical method was proposed up to predict the heat transfer coefficient and friction coefficient based on the two-layer wall function. Flow instability experiments have been carried out in a two-parallel-channel system with supercritical water, aiming to provide an up-to-date knowledge of supercritical flow instability phenomena and initial validation data for numerical analysis. The natural circulation instability of supercritical water was also investigated in the experiments.
Application of Supercritical Technologies in Clean Energy Production
Authors: Anikeev Valdimir , Gasem Khaled A. M. , Fan Maohong
Published: July 2020

In this chapter the authors seek to acquaint the reader with unusual properties of supercritical fluids, and how these properties are used for various applications in the synthesis of biofuels and the intensification of energy processes and thermal cycles. The review includes the studies of leading scientists from around the world related to effective and environmentally friendly methods and technologies of energy acquisition and conversion involving the synthesis of motor fuels, materials and chemicals, solar energy conversion, and thermal cycle efficiencies using supercritical fluids. A special place in the chapter is occupied by studies of the transformation of vegetable oils, algae, and wood in supercritical alcohols, esters, and water to produce biodiesel fuels and hydrogen.
Adoptive T Cell Therapy with IL-12–Preconditioned Low-Avidity T Cells Prevents Exhaustion and Results in Enhanced T Cell Activation, Enhanced Tumor Clearance, and Decreased Risk for Autoimmunity
Authors: Tucker Christopher G. , Mitchell Jason S. , Martinov Tijana , Burbach Brandon J. , Beura Lalit K. , Wilson Joseph C. , Dwyer Alexander J. , Singh Lovejot M. , Mescher Matthew F. , Fife Brian T.
Published: July 2020

Optimal ex vivo expansion protocols of tumor-specific T cells followed by adoptive cell therapy must yield T cells able to home to tumors and effectively kill them. Our previous study demonstrated ex vivo activation in the presence of IL-12–induced optimal CD8+ T cell expansion and melanoma regression; however, adverse side effects, including autoimmunity, can occur. This may be due to transfer of high-avidity self-specific T cells. In this study, we compared mouse low- and high-avidity T cells targeting the tumor Ag tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2). Not surprisingly, high-avidity T cells provide superior tumor control, yet low-avidity T cells can promote tumor regression. The addition of IL-12 during in vitro expansion boosts low-avidity T cell responsiveness, tumor regression, and prevents T cell exhaustion. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-12–primed T cells are resistant to PD-1/PD-L1–mediated suppression and retain effector function. Importantly, IL-12 preconditioning prevented exhaustion as LAG-3, PD-1, and TOX were decreased while simultaneously increasing KLRG1. Using intravital imaging, we also determined that high-avidity T cells have sustained contacts with intratumoral dendritic cells and tumor targets compared with low-avidity T cells. However, with Ag overexpression, this defect is overcome, and low-avidity T cells control tumor growth. Taken together, these data illustrate that low-avidity T cells can be therapeutically beneficial if cocultured with IL-12 cytokine during in vitro expansion and highly effective in vivo if Ag is not limiting. Clinically, low-avidity T cells provide a safer alternative to high-avidity, TCR-engineered T cells, as IL-12–primed, low-avidity T cells cause less autoimmune vitiligo.